bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community‐based monitoring of small‐scale fisheries with digital devices in Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Oviedo A. F. P. , Bursztyn M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFisheries management is potentially a short‐term measure for reducing floodplain fisheries degradation. This objective can only be achieved if adequate measures to improve fishery governance and ecosystem conservation are taken. The monitoring of fisheries management is likely to be important for understanding the effectiveness of local rules and the impacts on aquatic biodiversity. Given that monitoring is the periodic assessment of fish stock characteristics regarding reference data, adopting tools and procedures for monitoring at different scales is a challenging task. Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have enabled local communities to gather data on key resources in a cost‐effective way. This article presents a community‐based monitoring of fisheries based of smartphones that supports the annual fishing quotas and legal harvest permits procedures. The precision of community‐based monitoring data is assessed and a model to integrate these data into a large‐scale monitoring scheme examined. Data collection performance was evaluated at communities in the Kaxinawá Nova Olinda Indigenous Territory, in the State of Acre, where fishery management was monitored. The results indicate that voluntary collectors are able to provide data with precision comparable with government agency measurements, but at lower cost.
With or without you: Effects of the concurrent range expansion of an herbivore and its natural enemy on native species interactions
Authors: Carrasco David , Desurmont Gaylord A. , Laplanche Diane , Proffit Magali , Gols Rieta , Becher Paul G. , Larsson Mattias C. , Turlings Ted C. J. , Anderson Peter 
Published: July 2017

AbstractGlobal climatic changes may lead to the arrival of multiple range‐expanding species from different trophic levels into new habitats, either simultaneously or in quick succession, potentially causing the introduction of manifold novel interactions into native food webs. Unraveling the complex biotic interactions between native and range‐expanding species is critical to understand the impact of climate change on community ecology, but experimental evidence is lacking. In a series of laboratory experiments that simulated direct and indirect species interactions, we investigated the effects of the concurrent arrival of a range‐expanding insect herbivore in Europe, Spodoptera littoralis, and its associated parasitoid Microplitis rufiventris, on the native herbivore Mamestra brassicae, and its associated parasitoid Microplitis mediator, when co‐occurring on a native plant, Brassica rapa. Overall, direct interactions between the herbivores were beneficial for the exotic herbivore (higher pupal weight than the native herbivore), and negative for the native herbivore (higher mortality than the exotic herbivore). At the third trophic level, both parasitoids were unable to parasitize the herbivore they did not coexist with, but the presence of the exotic parasitoid still negatively affected the native herbivore (increased mortality) and the native parasitoid (decreased parasitism rate), through failed parasitism attempts and interference effects. Our results suggest different interaction scenarios depending on whether S. littoralis and its parasitoid arrive to the native tritrophic system separately or concurrently, as the negative effects associated with the presence of the parasitoid were dependent on the presence of the exotic herbivore. These findings illustrate the complexity and interconnectedness of multitrophic changes resulting from concurrent species arrival to new environments, and the need for integrating the ecological effects of such arrivals into the general theoretical framework of global invasion patterns driven by climatic change.
Wildlife species benefitting from a greener Arctic are most sensitive to shrub cover at leading range edges
Authors: Wheeler Helen C. , Høye Toke T. , Svenning Jens‐Christian 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWidespread expansion of shrubs is occurring across the Arctic. Shrub expansion will substantially alter arctic wildlife habitats. Identifying which wildlife species are most affected by shrubification is central to predicting future arctic community composition. Through meta‐analysis, we synthesized the published evidence for effects of canopy‐forming shrubs on birds and mammals in the Arctic and Subarctic. We examined variation in species behaviour, distribution and population dynamics in birds and mammals in response to shrub cover (including shrub cover indicators such as shrub occurrence, extent, density and height). We also assessed the degree of heterogeneity in wildlife responses to shrub cover and synthesized the remaining literature that did not fit the criteria for our quantitative meta‐analyses. Species from higher green vegetation biomass habitats (high Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI, across their distribution) were more likely to respond positively to shrub cover, demonstrating the potential for species to expand from boreal to arctic habitats under shrubification. Wildlife populations located in the lowest vegetation biomass (low NDVI) areas of their species’ range had the greatest proportion of positive responses to shrub cover, highlighting how increases in performance at leading edges of invaders distributions may be particularly rapid. This demonstrates the need to study species at these leading edges to accurately predict expansion potential. Arctic specialists were poorly represented across studies (limited to 5 bird and 0 mammal species), this knowledge gap potentially explains the few reported negative effects of shrub cover (3 of 29 species). Species responses to shrub cover showed substantial heterogeneity and varied among sites and years in all studies with sufficient replication to detect such variation. Our study highlights the importance of responses at species range edges in determining outcomes of shrubification for arctic birds and mammals and the need for greater examination of potential wildlife losers under shrubification.
Economic Retirement Age and Lifelong Learning: A Theoretical Model With Heterogeneous Labor, Biased Technical Change and International Sourcing
Authors: Gries Thomas , Jungblut Stefan , Meyer Henning , Krieger Tim 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe employability of an aging population in a world of continuous and biased technical change is top of the political agenda. Due to endogenous human capital depreciation the effective retirement age is often below statutory retirement age resulting in permanent non-employability of older workers. We analyze this phenomenon in a putty-putty human capital vintage model and focus on education and the speed of human capital depreciation. Introducing a two-stage education system with initial schooling and lifelong learning, not even lifelong learning turns out to be capable of aligning economic and statutory retirement. However, well-designed education programs will keep more workers in highly productive activities at the end of their working life, and hence will substitute for simple social transfers, or for an early switch towards very low paid jobs.
Citizen's Charter in a primary health‐care setting of Nepal: An accountability tool or a “mere wall poster”?
Authors: Gurung Gagan , Gauld Robin , Hill Philip C. , Derrett Sarah 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundDespite some empirical findings on the usefulness of citizen's charters on awareness of rights and services, there is a dearth of literature about charter implementation and impact on health service delivery in low‐income settings.ObjectiveTo gauge the level of awareness of the Charter within Nepal's primary health‐care (PHC) system, perceived impact and factors affecting Charter implementation.MethodUsing a case study design, a quantitative survey was administered to 400 participants from 22 of 39 PHC facilities in the Dang District to gauge awareness of the Charter. Additionally, qualitative interviews with 39 key informants were conducted to explore the perceived impact of the Charter and factors affecting its implementation.ResultsFew service users (15%) were aware of the existence of the Charter. Among these, a greater proportion were literate, and there were also differences according to ethnicity and occupational group. The Charter was usually not properly displayed and had been implemented with no prior public consultation. It contained information that provided awareness of health facility services, particularly the more educated public, but had limited potential for increasing transparency and holding service providers accountable to citizens. Proper display, consultation with stakeholders, orientation or training and educational factors, follow‐up and monitoring, and provision of sanctions were all lacking, negatively influencing the implementation of the Charter.ConclusionPoor implementation and low public awareness of the Charter limit its usefulness. Provision of sanctions and consultation with citizens in Charter development are needed to expand the scope of Charters from information brochures to tools for accountability.
Riverine fen restoration provides secondary habitat for endangered and stenotopic rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)
Authors: Hoffmann Hannes , Kleeberg Andreas , Görn Sebastian , Fischer Klaus 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Peatlands have undergone dramatic changes through anthropogenic activities in the last centuries, causing a substantial loss of fen‐specific biodiversity. Therefore, restoration of already degraded stands is an important conservation issue.

The effectiveness of fen restoration was evaluated through rewetting in the valley of the river Peene, NE Germany, by comparing three fen types: drained fens, rewetted fens, and near‐natural fens. Rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) were used as indicators, comprising an ecologically important yet understudied insect group.

5,398 individuals from 121 staphylinid species were recorded by 30 pitfall traps per fen type, which were biweekly emptied between April and October 2012, and related to environmental parameters. Rove beetle assemblages differed markedly between fen types. Community structure was affected by peat degradation, the extent of organic matter, water level, and vegetation height.

Fen rewetting favoured the establishment of a distinct, species‐rich beetle community within 15 years only, caused by an increase in hygrophilous wetland species partially replacing generalists. Nevertheless, this time span was not sufficient to restore communities characteristic for near‐natural fens, which harboured several particularly sensitive species that were not found on rewetted fens.

Rewetting provided suitable habitats for a substantial number of stenotopic and threatened staphylinid beetles. Thus, the protection of pristine habitats along with restoration measures are both important strategies in peatland conservation.
Environmental heterogeneity effects on predator and parasitoid insects vary across spatial scales and seasons: a multi‐taxon approach
Authors: Corcos Daria , Inclán Diego J. , Cerretti Pierfilippo , Mei Maurizio , Di Giovanni Filippo , Birtele Daniele , Rosa Paolo , De Biase Alessio , Audisio Paolo , Marini Lorenzo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAs predator and parasitoid insects depend on multiple resources for adult feeding and reproduction, environmental heterogeneity (EH) is expected to be a key driver of their species diversity. In temperate regions, the benefits of EH are expected to vary across spatial scales and seasons, depending on species life‐history traits and temporal fluctuations in resources.We tested the importance of EH at multiple spatial scales on diversity and abundance of predator and parasitoid insects, and whether its effects changed across seasons.Insect sampling was carried out in highly fragmented landscapes in a Mediterranean region (Tuscany, Central Italy). We selected 18 semi‐natural patches, embedded in an intensive agricultural matrix. For each patch, EH was measured at three spatial scales (micro, patch, and landscape). Five groups of predator and parasitoid insects were sampled 16 times with pan traps between March and November, 2012.EH at the landscape scale positively influenced the diversity of predator and parasitoid insects, while the effects at smaller spatial scales were less evident. The strength and the direction of EH˗diversity relationship changed between groups and across seasons, indicating that the mechanisms by which EH affects predators and parasitoids are various and complex.Conservation strategies aimed at maximising the diversity of predators and parasitoids should focus more on increasing EH at the landscape scale than at the local scale.
Morphological features of porous silicon carbide obtained via a carbothermal method
Authors: Shcherban Nataliya , Filonenko Svitlana , Sergiienko Sergii , Yaremov Pavel , Skoryk Mykola , Ilyin Volodymir , Murzin Dmitry 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSamples of porous silicon carbide were obtained using sucrose or carbon and aerosil or silica mesoporous molecular sieves (SBA‐3, SBA‐15, KIT‐6 and MCF). Fibers content in silicon carbide samples is higher when the mesopore surface area of carbon materials derived from carbon‐silica composites is lower. Based on the found correlation between the morphology and porosity of SiC and mesopore surface area of the carbon component in the composites, a templating action of carbon in carbothermal reduction was suggested.
Impact and implementation of a sustainable regional telestroke network
Authors: Ranta Annemarei , Lanford Jeremy , Busch Suzanne , Providence Carolyn , Iniesta Ivan , Rosemergy Ian , Wilson Andrew , Cariga Pietro , Richmond Victoria , Gommans John 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundTelestroke uses videoconferencing technology to allow off‐site experts to provide stroke thrombolysis decision support to less experienced front line clinicians.AimTo assess the impact of a new telestroke service on thrombolysis rates and door‐to‐needle times in participating provincial hospitals and service resources to aid transition to a sustainable telestroke service.MethodsThis is a sequential comparison of ‘pre’ (December 2015 to May 2016) and ‘post’ (June 2016 to December 2016) implementation outcomes. The main outcomes were thrombolysis rate and door‐to‐needle time. All patient data were captured prospectively in a central database. Data captured and analysed also included technical problems, consumer and clinician feedback, and additional service resources required.ResultsOver the study period, 164 telestroke assessments were completed, including the ‘hub’ hospital. Among the participating provincial hospitals, 21 of 343 patients (6.1%) were thrombolysed in the 6‐months prior to June 2016 and 50 of 318 patients (15.7%) during the 6‐month following implementation of telestroke; odds ratio 2.86 (95% confidence interval 1.68–4.89); P = 0.0001. Overall, mean (standard deviation) regional hospital door‐to‐needle time reduced from 79.6 (31.4) to 62.7 (23.3) min (P = 0.015). Videoconferencing failure occurred in 4.8% of cases. Consumer and clinician feedback was positive. The main resource challenge was doubling of out‐of‐hours neurologist workload.ConclusionTelestroke was associated with a significant increase in thrombolysis rate and reduction in door‐to‐needle time in provincial hospitals indicating improved patient care. Quantification of the extra neurologist workload allowed for a seamless transition to ‘business as usual’ using a novel annual subscription funding and service model.
Hedge Fund Styles and their Contagion from the Equity Market
Authors: Lee Hee Soo , Kim Tae Yoon 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe examine the dynamic contagion process of the equity market on 10 hedge fund styles. We investigate the contagion mechanism for each style using single equation error correction and latent factor models. We find that the contagion effects of the equity market on each style index depend specifically on the fund style strategy. We demonstrate that certain fund styles are more prone to contagion from the equity market than others. Our results help illuminate the relative effectiveness of a particular strategy under certain market conditions and provide insights into the long‐standing controversy around the efficient market hypothesis.
Changes in the extracellular matrix surrounding human chronic wounds revealed by 2‐photon imaging
Authors: Sutcliffe Jessica E.S. , Thrasivoulou Christopher , Serena Thomas E , Madden Leigh , Richards Toby , Phillips Anthony R.J. , Becker David L 
Published: July 2017

AbstractChronic wounds are a growing problem worldwide with no effective therapeutic treatments available. Our objective was to understand the composition of the dermal tissue surrounding venous leg ulcers and diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). We used novel 2‐photon imaging techniques alongside classical histology to examine biopsies from the edges of two common types of chronic wound, venous leg ulcers and DFU. Compared to normal intact skin, we found that collagen levels are significantly reduced throughout the dermis of venous leg ulcer biopsies and DFU, with a reduction in both fibril thickness and abundance. Both wound types showed a significant reduction in elastin in the upper dermis, but in DFU, the loss was throughout the dermis. Loss of extracellular matrix correlated with high levels of CD68‐ and CD18‐positive leukocytes. 2‐photon imaging of the extracellular matrix in the intact tissue surrounding a chronic wound with a hand‐held device may provide a useful clinical indicator on the healing progression or deterioration of these wounds.
A comparison of the electrophysiologic and electroanatomic characteristics between the right and left atrium in persistent atrial fibrillation: Is the right atrium a window into the left?
Authors: Prabhu Sandeep , Voskoboinik Aleksandr , McLellan Alex J.A. , Peck Kah Y. , Pathik Bhupesh , Nalliah Chrishan J. , Wong Geoff R. , Azzopardi Sonia M. , Lee Geoffrey , Mariani Justin , Ling Liang‐Han , Taylor Andrew J. , Kalman Jonathan M. , Kistler Peter M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe right atrium (RA) is readily accessible; however, it is unclear whether changes in the RA are representative of the LA. We performed detailed biatrial electroanatomic mapping to determine the electrophysiological relationship between the atria.Methods and resultsConsecutive patients with persistent AF underwent biatrial electroanatomical mapping with a contact force catheter acquiring points with a CF >10 g prior to ablation. Points were analyzed for tissue voltage, complex electrograms, low voltage (<0.5 mV), scar (<0.05 mV), and conduction velocity (CV). Forty patients (mean age 59 ± 9.2 years, AF duration 12.9 ± 9.2 months, LA area: 28 ± 5.2, RA area: 25 ± 6.4 mm2, LVEF: 44 ± 15%) underwent mapping during CS pacing. Bipolar voltage (R = 0.57, P <0.001), unipolar voltage (R = 0.68, P <0.001), low voltage (<0.5 nV) (R = 0.48, P = 0.002), fractionation (R = 0.73, P <0.001), and CV (R = 0.49, P = 0.001) correlated well between atria. There was no difference in global bipolar voltage (LA 1.89 ± 0.77 vs. RA 1.77 ± 0.57 mV, P = 0.57); complex electrograms (LA 20% vs. RA 20%, P = 0.99) or low voltage (LA 15% vs. RA 16%, P = 0.84). Global unipolar voltage was significantly higher in the LA compared to the RA (2.95 ± 1.14 vs. 2.28 ± 0.65 mV, P = 0.002) and CV was significantly slower in the RA compared to the LA (0.93 ± 0.15 m/s vs. 1.01 ± 0.19 m/s, P = 0.001).ConclusionAF is associated with remodeling processes affecting both atria. The more accessible RA provides an insight into the biatrial process associated with AF in various disease states without trans‐septal access.
Current status of achieving blood pressure target and its clinical correlates in Japanese type 2 diabetes (JDDM45)
Authors: Yokoyama Hiroki , Araki Shin‐ichi , Kawai Koichi , Hirao Koichi , Kurihara Yoshio , Seino Hiroaki , Takamura Hiroshi , Sugimoto Hidekatsu , Okada Akira , Maegawa Hiroshi ,   the Japan Diabetes Clinical Data Management study group
Published: July 2017

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo investigate the current status of achieved blood pressure levels in association with the number of antihypertensive drug classes as of 2013, and to explore the clinical correlates with achievement of target blood pressure in a large‐scale cohort of Japanese individuals with type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsA nationwide survey was carried out including 12,811 individuals with type 2 diabetes. Participants were divided by achieved blood pressure, <130/80 or 140/90 mmHg, and the number of drug classes taken.ResultsThe percentages achieving a blood pressure of <130/80 or 140/90 mmHg were 52.0% and 86.1%, respectively. The prevalence of hypertension, if defined as ≥130/80 mmHg or treated, became 67.9%. Among participants taking antihypertensive drugs, a blood pressure of <130/80 or <140/90 mmHg was 46.7% and 83.2%, respectively. The percentages of <130/80 mmHg were 55.9% without drugs, 47.1% on one drug, 42.5% on two drugs, 47.2% on three drugs and 56.8% on four or more drugs, respectively. The most prescribed drugs were renin–angiotensin system inhibitors, followed by calcium channel blockers, diuretics and beta‐blockers. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that a blood pressure <130/80 mmHg was associated with lower values in age, body mass index, albuminuria and glomerular filtration rate, higher proportions on targets for glycosylated hemoglobin A1c and lipids, and less retinopathy.ConclusionsIn type 2 diabetes, hypertension is common, and just 52% achieved <130/80 mmHg, indicating a difficulty in blood pressure lowering. This was correlated with difficulties in glycemic and lipid management, obesity, and vascular complications, implying this clustering to be a serious problem.