bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apoptotic and Antiproliferative Effects of Mimusops elengi Leaf Extract in Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Kar Biswakanth , Haldar Pallab K. , Rath Goutam , Ghosh Goutam 
Published: September 2024

Context:

Mimusops elengi Linn. (Sapotaceae) is commonly known as bakul. Traditionally, the various parts of the plants have been used in the treatment of wound healing, pain, and tumor.

Objective:
To evaluate the role of Mimusops elengi extract (MEE) on proliferation, apoptosis, and bcl2 gene expression in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells lines and establish the possible mechanisms linked with anticancer activity.

Settings and Design:
EAC cells were treated with methanol MEE (20–400 µg/mL) in time intervals of 24, 48, and 72 h.

Materials and Methods:
The antiproliferative effect of extract was evaluated using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay; deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation study, cell cycle analysis, and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) assay were performed to assess the apoptosis, and lastly, western blotting study was performed to assess the bands intensities using the ImageJ® analysis (a Java-based image processing program system, National Institutes of Health and the Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI).

Statistical Analysis Used:
The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by the Dunnett's post hoc test.

Results:
MEE shows significant antiproliferative effect on EAC cell lines. In the DNA fragmentation assay, it shows significant fragmentation of DNA. In the cell cycle analysis and Annexin V-FITC assay, there was arrested in sub-G1 phase and initiation of cell apoptosis. In western blotting study, the extract shows low expression of bcl-2 and overexpression of Bax proteins.

Conclusions:
From the above result, it concludes that MEE has significant apoptosis-inducing properties.
Synthesis and Antihistaminic Potential of Some Novel Substituted Dinitrophenothiazine Derivatives
Authors: Bisht Dheeraj , Singh Anita , Sharma Ashok , Parcha Versha 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Phenothiazine consists of a three-ring structure compound in which two benzene rings are connected with nitrogen and sulfur atoms at nonadjacent sides. Phenothiazine and its substituted derivatives are abundantly able to produce a variety of important pharmacological and valuable therapeutic effects, and till now, these are under profound investigational processes.

Objective:
To synthesize and evaluate the antihistaminic potential of some newly synthesized dinitrophenothiazine derivatives.

Materials and Methods:
Different derivatives have been synthesized by the appropriate chemical scheme using dinitrophenothiazine as a basic nucleus. The completion of the chemical reactions has been monitored by thin-layer chromatography. The chemical structures of the newly synthesized products (P1–P25) were affirmed by elemental analysis and by spectral (infra-red, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectroscopy) findings and further examined for antihistaminic potential in guinea pigs. The synthesized products were also evaluated for their acute toxicity study and were found nontoxic.

Results:
The majority of the synthesized products of the dinitrophenothiazine series, namely, P07, P11, P12, P13, P15, P16, P17, P18, P19, and P20, have shown antihistaminic activity and compared with mepyramine (standard drug) at 0.8 µg/mL. Among the synthesized products, P18 was found to exhibit maximum antihistaminic activity. However, all the synthesized compounds were found to elicit a significant antihistaminic effect when compared with the standard drug.

Conclusion:
Therefore, dinitrophenothiazine compounds could be a good starting point to develop efficacious and potent analogues, as an antihistaminic agent in the treatment of allergic disorders.
Vanillic Acid Prevents Interferon-alpha and Cyclosporine A-induced Depressant-like Behavior in Mice
Authors: Hajhashemi Omid , Mesripour Azadeh , Hajhashemi Valiollah 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Interferon-alpha (IFN-α) is a useful therapy for some types of cancers and viral infections. Cyclosporine A (CSA) is an immunosuppressant drug used to reduce the risk of graft rejection. Chronic use of IFN-α and CSA are related to psychological symptoms such as depression. Vanillic acid (VA) is a naturally occurring flavoring substance with antidepressant potential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of VA on depression caused by these two drugs in a mice model.

Materials and Methods:
Male Swiss mice (25–30 g) were used. Depression was induced by IFN-α 1600000 IU/kg, sc for six days, or CSA20 mg/kg, ip for 3 days as VA 25 mg/kg, and pretreatment was ip injected. After evaluating the locomotor activity, depression was assessed by forced swimming test (FST) and sucrose preference (SP) test.

Results:
The selected treatments did not cause significant changes in the locomotor activity. IFN-α significantly increased the immobility time during FST (184.5 ± 12.9 s vs. vehicle 107.1 ± 11.4s) indicating depressive-like effect, and VA pretreatment reversed it (94.8 ± 17.8 s vs. IFN-α), SP increased to 76%. CSA also increased the immobility time during FST (160.3 ± 3.4 s vs. vehicle 113.2 ± 7.6 s; P < 0.05), VA pretreatment reduced it (81.8 ± 16.9 s, vs. cyclosporine; P < 0.001), and SP increased from 38% to 75%. SP results were in agreement with FST results.

Conclusion:
VA showed useful effect against IFN-α and cyclosporine-induced depression in mice. Further clinical studies regarding VA antidepressant effect in patients receiving IFN-α or CSA are warranted.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Methotrexate-Polyethylene Glycol-Glutamic Acid Nanoconjugate as Targeted Drug Delivery System in Cancer Treatment
Authors: Ahmadi Majid , Derakhshandeh Katayoun , Azandaryani Abbas H. , Adibi Hadi 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Methotrexate (MTX) is used as a folic acid antagonist in the treatment of many human cancers. Attachment of hydrophilic ligands to MTX improves its efficacy due to reducing toxicity and enzymatic degradation and it also increases its in-vivo half-life.

Materials and Methods:
In the present study, pH-responsive nanoconjugates of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-glutamic acid methotrexate (mPEG-Glu-MTX) have been prepared and characterized using hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). Glutamic acid is attached to the mPEG chain by the carboxylic group and to the MTX via an amide bond to the amine group.

Results:
The prepared nanoconjugate has the mean diameter ranging from 160 to 190 nm and, the drug release was significantly induced two times at the pH of 5.5 and 3.5 compared with pH 7.4 (P < 0.05). The prepared mPEG-Glu-MTX nanoconjugate showed toxicity similar to AGS, MDA, and MCF7 cell lines compared with the free form of MTX (P > 0.1), which indicates that the conjugation does not effect on the MTX cytotoxicity but is expected to be successful in the targeted delivery of MTX.

Conclusion:
The results show that manufactured nanoconjugates can be considered as an efficient drug delivery system in the treatment of cancer; however, further studies are needed on the targeting activity of this nanocarrier in in-vivo conditions.
Localization of L5–S1 Disc Space by Utilizing Simple on Table Surface Marking in Posterior Lumbar Spine Surgery without Any Radiological Assistance
Authors: Pattajoshi Acharya Suryakanta , Dalei Tushar Ranjan 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Localization of the spinal levels is an important task during any spinal surgery. The purpose of the study is to assess the accuracy and reliability in identifying L5–S1 disc space by surface localization using Venus of dimple as a landmark in posterior spinal surgery without undertaking any radiological assistance.

Methodology:
We prospectively analyzed 39 patients, who had undergone primary posterior spine surgery, especially for Prolapsed intervertebral disc mostly affecting the lumbosacral region. Following surface marking using Venus of dimple as a landmark, patients were subjected to surgery with or without prior X-ray evaluation solely on surface localization of L5–S1 disc space. Intraoperatively, the accuracy and reliability of the surface marking were determined.

Results:
Sixty-four percent of the patients had accurate L5–S1 spine level localization utilizing the above clinical palpatory methods, while 23% of the cases identified L5 spine intraoperatively. On analyzing this surface topographical method with that of X-ray in standing position, the sensitivity and specificity came to be 93.3% and 49%, respectively, with a positive predictive value of 77.8%.

Conclusion:
The method of localization of L5–S1 space described although cannot fully replace the role of fluoroscopic assistance during spinal surgery, still it is an important, simple, and reliable alternative method of localization which demands its application by the spine surgeons, especially in the beginning of their carrier and in certain specific situations.
Morphological Study of Rouviere's Sulcus
Authors: Gowda Pushpa , Udupi Suman 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Rouviere's sulcus (RS) is a cleft, on the inferior surface of the liver, extending from the caudate process to the right lobe for a variable distance. Cystic duct and artery lie anterosuperior while the common bile duct lies anterior to this sulcus, making it an important landmark in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Being situated anterior to segment I of liver and having the right posterior portal pedicle as its frequent content, it is an important guide in right segmental liver resection. This study intends to study the anatomy of the RS.

Methodology:
The present study was done by analyzing 60 formalin-fixed adult livers, for the presence/absence of RS, its morphology and morphometry.

Results:
RS was present in 49 (81.66%) specimens, it was oblique in 26 (43.33%), transverse in 23 (38.33%) and absent in 11 (18.33%) specimens, RS was classified into three different types - type 1, type 2, and type 3 based on its degree of penetration into the substance of the liver. Type 1, defined as a deep sulcus was present in 37 (61.66%) specimens. Type 2, a slit-like shallow sulcus was observed in 7 (11.66%) and type 3, scar-like sulcus was observed in 5 (8.33%) of specimens. The average length of RS was 2.84 cm, breadth was 0.18 cm and the average depth of the RS was 0.62 cm.

Conclusion:
RS is an important extra-biliary landmark of the liver, that could easily be visualized during laparoscopic hepatobiliary surgeries and its identification could definitely reduce the risk of bile duct and vascular injuries during these surgeries. Hence, the in-depth knowledge about the anatomy of RS which is less studied and not included in anatomy literature is essential.
Sexual Dimorphism and Clinical Importance of Posterior Condylar Canal
Authors: Das Sushant Swaroop 
Published: September 2024

Background:
The posterior condylar canal (PCC) and its associated emissary vein are important anatomical landmarks for juxta-condylar approach and extreme lateral approach for exposing lesions in the region lateral to the foramen magnum. The study aimed to provide a complete gender-based assessment of the morphological characteristics of PCC in an adult central Indian population.

Methodology:
The study was conducted on 130 dry adult central Indian human skulls of known sex (81 males, 49 females). The presence of PCC on both sides, their patency, variations, and site of internal opening in relation to important anatomical landmarks, i.e., sigmoid sulcus, jugular foramen, and foramen magnum were assessed.

Results:
The PCC and probe patency were statistically more common bilaterally than unilateral. Females showed statistically significant higher incidence of bilateral PCC and bilateral probe patency than males. Three morphological variations in PCC were found, i.e., double condylar canal, septation, and spur. They showed no significant gender differences. In both sexes, bilateral intrasinus was the most common type of internal opening of PCC. Internal opening into jugular foramen, foramen magnum, and retro sinus was significantly more unilaterally than bilateral. Significant gender differences in unilateral intrasinus and unilateral retro sinus type of internal opening were noted.

Conclusion:
This study gives knowledge about the comparison of various morphological variations of PCC in both sexes of an adult central Indian population, and its clinical impact on the surgeries of this region.
Fetal gall bladder development
Authors: Jaiswal Anamika , Kaushik Ankit , Singh A. K. , Sinha D. N. 
Published: September 2024

Background:
The gall bladder development in fetal life is complex and starts as early as the 4th week of gestation; the abnormal development of the gall bladder is associated with various congenital abnormalities. The objective of the present study was to study fetal gall bladder development in relation to gestational age (GA) among fetuses.

Methodology:
In a cross-sectional observational study of 29 fetuses, the gall bladder parameters and histological changes are evaluated at different gestational age. The fetus was categorized based on GA into three categories of <20 weeks, 21–30 weeks, and 31 weeks and above. After dissection of the abdomen, the shape and location of the gall bladder were observed. The relationship of gall bladder with liver was observed. The gall bladder length (GBL) and gall bladder width (GBW) were measured. The histogenesis of the gall bladder was observed among all fetuses and developmental changes were noted.

Results:
The study included 29 fetuses, 14 males and 15 females. The first, second, and third groups comprised 5, 14, and 10 fetuses. The GA ranged from 13 to 35 weeks. The mean crown-rump length (CRL) of the fetuses was 19.34 ± 6.32 cm. The mean GBL was 2.06 ± 0.83 cm and the mean GBW was 0.77 ± 0.32 cm. The GBL and GBW increased with CRL, GA, and weight. The strong positive correlation was observed between GBL, GBW with GA and CRL. On microscopy, among the first group, fetal gall bladder at 13 weeks showed solid structure with obliterated lumen and area of early canalization. The muscular layer initially was very thin and comprised only few haphazardly arranged muscle fiber in the first group, the thickness was found to be more in the second group and a well-formed adult-like muscular layer was found in the third group. The loose connective tiisue, the outer most layer was pronounced in the third group.

Conclusion:
The fetal gall bladder parameters show linear increase with GA and CRL. The location, size, and relation of the fundus with margin of gall bladder in fetus undergo changes with the development of the fetus. The fetal gall bladder undergoes marked histological changes during development.
Semitendinosus Tendon Morphometry as a Graft – A Cadaver Study
Authors: Shetty Balakrishna , Shetty Sweekritha , Umesh Prashanth Kasargod 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Sports and games have become professional activities. The standard of fitness level is raised. Advancement in arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using free tendon graft is one of the key developments. Autograft with minimal donor site or functional morbidity is the key. The latest is the use of semitendinosus in ACL reconstruction. Preoperative knowledge of graft in terms of size is crucial. The present cadaveric study is an attempt to understand the morphology of the semitendinosus tendon (ST) as tendon graft in the local population.

Methodology:
A total of 50 male cadaver limbs embalmed with formalin were used for harvesting 50 STs. The exact age and height of the cadavers were not known. The femoral length was used as a measure of body height. Tendon length and quadruple diameters were measured. Anderson–Darling test was used for distribution analysis of all the data.

Results:
In our study, mean length of the tendon was 27.12 cm which is shorter than the required 28 cm for quadrupling the tendon. The average diameter was 8.14 mm which is slightly more than the minimum required thickness of 8 mm. These two findings suggest that tendons in the Indian population are not long enough for an ideal quadruple graft with more than 8 mm diameter.

Conclusion:
The result of our study is in conformation with the previous studies on the Indian population and also in the Western population. The height of the individual can be inferred from length of the femur; hence, height can be taken as a good predictor for the length of ST in the Indian population.
Anatomical Variations between Sciatic Nerve and Piriformis Muscle on Computed Tomography Images from Radiotherapy Patients
Authors: Salas Juan Carlos Pari 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
The sciatic nerve has several topographic variations, some of them in relation to the piriformis muscle. Such variations provide meaning insight while addressing pathologies related to sciatic nerve. Hence, this study was undertaken to check the anatomical variations of sciatic nerve using computed tomography (CT) images.

Methodology:
Thirty-three CT image series from pelvic radiotherapy patients were reviewed, with a DICOM viewer to assess the relation between the sciatic nerve and piriformis muscles, according to Beaton and Aston’s classification.

Results:
Thirty-three CT image sets and 66 gluteal regions were assessed. Type A of Beaton and Aston was found in 84.85% of the samples and Type B was found in 15.15%. No other types were found. Sixty-six percentage of the Type B classifications were bilateral.

Conclusion:
There is a 15.15% of topographical variation of sciatic nerve consistent with other studies. The use of medical images for this kind of study will allow more reliable results.
The Influence of Work Ethic and Organizational Culture on Employee Performance at the Regional Financial Management Agency of West Pasaman Regency
Authors: Harum Beny , Susanti Febsri 
Published: September 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of competence, individual characteristics and lacus of control partially and simultaneously on the performance of employees at the secretariat of DPRD Pariaman City. Samples were selected using the total sampling method. The sample in this study were employees of the DPRD Pariaman City Secretariat, totaling 40 people. The data collection technique used a questionnaire, while the data analysis method used validity and reliability tests, classical assumptions, multiple linear regression analysis and statistical tests (t test, F test and coefficient of determination). The results showed that the competence variable had an effect on employee performance at the DPRD secretariat of Pariaman City, with a value of tcount 3.739 > ttable 2.021 at a significant level of 0.001 <0.05. This study aims to determine the effect of work ethic and organizational culture partially and simultaneously on employee performance at the Regional Financial Management Agency (BPKD) of West Pasaman Regency. The sample was selected using the total sampling method. The sample in this study were employees of the Regional Financial Management Agency (BPKD) of West Pasaman Regency, totaling 70 people. The data collection technique used a questionnaire, while the data analysis method used validity and reliability tests, classical assumptions, multiple linear regression analysis and statistical tests (t test, F test and coefficient of determination).
The results showed that the variables of work ethic and organizational culture had an effect on employee performance at the Regional Financial Management Agency (BPKD) of West Pasaman Regency, with a regression coefficient of -0.386 and a significant value of 0.000 (< 0.05). Then Organizational Culture has a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance at the Regional Financial Management Agency (BPKD) of West Pasaman Regency with a regression coefficient value of 1.119 and a significant value of 0.000 (<0.05). The coefficient of determination of 0.763 or 76.3% is influenced by the work ethic and organizational culture, while the remaining 23.7% is influenced by other factors not examined in this study
The Effect of Compensation on Employee Performance on PT. Waskita Beton Precast TBK
Authors: Zalne Ziola , Albani Muhammad Hudzaifa , Tanty Heruna 
Published: September 2024

This study aims to analyze the effect of Compensation on employee performance of PT. Waskita Beton Precast, Tbk. There is an independent variable of the effect of Compensation to be tested for the influence on the dependent variable, namely Karyawa Performance. The population in this study were employees of PT. Waskita Beton Precast, Tbk Human Resources division which has 50 employees as of May 2020, which are all permanent employees. The research data used are primary data obtained through the dissemination of questionnaires. The analysis tool used is a simple linear regression test. The results showed that: (1) the results showed that compensation had a positive and significant effect on employee performance with a significance value of 0.022 < 0.05; (2) the test results of the coefficient of determination showed that the Adjusted R Square value of 0.579 means that as many as 57.9% of employee performance-bound variables can be explained by the free variable, namely compensation, while other factors of 42.1% were influenced by other variables outside the variables studied
Influence of Leadership Style and Cultural Organization on Employee Performance in the Personnel and Human Resources Development Agency of Agam District
Authors: Mayliza Riri , Putra Kasih Ade 
Published: September 2024

One of the most important assets owned by a company is human resources because it has an influence on the survival of the company. Employees in a company should be provided with a comfortable working environtment to produce optimal performance. Leadership style is a pattern, method and expertise used by an organizational leader in acting, conveying and socializing to influence, direct, support and control other individuals or subordinates to perform a task in order to reach an agreement. Organizational culture is a comprehensive affirmation that is recognized by members of the organization in system of shared meaning. This study aims to determine the effect of leadership style and organizational culture on employee performance at Badan Kepegawaian dan Pembangunan Pembangunan Human Resources Kabupatan Agam. Population in this study were 35 respondents who is also a sample of the entire population at the Agam District Civil Service and Human Resource Development Agency. Studies using multiple regression analysis. The results of this study indicate leadership style and organizational culture have a positive significant impact on employee performance