bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioral buffering of global warming in a cold‐adapted lizard
Authors: Ortega Zaida , Mencía Abraham , Pérez‐Mellado Valentín 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAlpine lizards living in restricted areas might be particularly sensitive to climate change. We studied thermal biology ofIberolacerta cyreniin high mountains of central Spain. Our results suggest thatI. cyreniis a cold‐adapted thermal specialist and an effective thermoregulator. Among ectotherms, thermal specialists are more threatened by global warming than generalists. Alpine lizards have no chance to disperse to new suitable habitats. In addition, physiological plasticity is unlikely to keep pace with the expected rates of environmental warming. Thus, lizards might rely on their behavior in order to deal with ongoing climate warming. Plasticity of thermoregulatory behavior has been proposed to buffer the rise of environmental temperatures. Therefore, we studied the change in body and environmental temperatures, as well as their relationships, forI. cyrenibetween the 1980s and 2012. Air temperatures have increased more than 3.5°C and substrate temperatures have increased by 6°C in the habitat ofI. cyreniover the last 25 years. However, body temperatures of lizards have increased less than 2°C in the same period, and the linear relationship between body and environmental temperatures remains similar. These results show that alpine lizards are buffering the potential impact of the increase in their environmental temperatures, most probably by means of their behavior. Body temperatures ofI. cyreniare still cold enough to avoid any drop in fitness. Nonetheless, if warming continues, behavioral buffering might eventually become useless, as it would imply spending too much time in shelter, losing feeding, and mating opportunities. Eventually, if body temperature exceeds the thermal optimum in the near future, fitness would decrease abruptly.
Using bioacoustics to examine shifts in songbird phenology
Authors: Buxton Rachel T. , Brown Emma , Sharman Lewis , Gabriele Christine M. , McKenna Megan F. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMonitoring patterns in biodiversity and phenology have become increasingly important given accelerating levels of anthropogenic change. Long‐term monitoring programs have reported earlier occurrence of spring activity, reflecting species response to climate change. Although tracking shifts in spring migration represents a valuable approach to monitoring community‐level consequences of climate change, robust long‐term observations are challenging and costly. Audio recordings and metrics of bioacoustic activity could provide an effective method for monitoring changes in songbird activity and broader biotic interactions. We used 3 years of spring and fall recordings at six sites in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska, an area experiencing rapid warming and glacial retreat, to examine the utility of bioacoustics to detect changes in songbird phenology. We calculated the Acoustic Complexity Index (ACI), an algorithm representing an index of bird community complexity. Abrupt changes in ACI values from winter to spring corresponded to spring transition, suggesting that ACI may be an effective, albeit coarse metric to detect the arrival of migrating songbirds. The first peak in ACI shifted from April 16 to April 11 from 2012 to 2014. Changes in ACI were less abrupt in the fall due to weather events, suggesting spring recordings are better suited to indicate phenology. To ensure changes in ACI values were detecting real changes in songbird activity, we explored the relationship between ACI and song of three species: varied thrush (Ixoreus naevius), Pacific wren (Troglodytes pacificus), and ruby‐crowned kinglet (Regulus calendula). ACI was positively related to counts of all species, but most markedly with song of the varied thrush, the most common species in our recordings and a known indicator of forest ecosystem health. We conclude that acoustic recordings paired with bioacoustic indices may be a useful method of monitoring shifts in songbird communities due to climate change and other sources of anthropogenic disturbance.
Spatial differences in trace element bioaccumulation in turtles exposed to a partially remediated coal fly ash spill
Authors: Van Dyke James U. , Jachowski Catherine M. Bodinof , Steen David A. , Jackson Brian P. , Hopkins William A. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Large-scale releases of environmental contaminants from industrial facilities can cause considerable damage to surrounding ecosystems and require remediation. The expense and/or undesirable environmental side effects of physical removal may constrain remediation efforts. In 2008, approximately 4.1 million m3 of fly ash were released into the Emory River at a coal-burning power plant in Kingston, Tennessee, USA. Approximately 390 000 m3 of fly ash were not removed (hereafter “residual ash”), to avoid disturbing underlying legacy contamination from unrelated historical industrial activity. In 2011 and 2012, the authors measured trace element concentrations in an assemblage of freshwater turtles in 2 rivers impacted by the spill and in a third river that was unaffected. Concentrations of arsenic, copper, iron, mercury, manganese, selenium, and zinc were higher in turtles from rivers affected by the spill but low relative to concentrations known to be toxic to other vertebrates. Concentrations of some trace elements decreased with distance from the original spill site but were not strongly affected by nearby volumes of residual ash. Among-species differences in trace element bioaccumulation and/or the relatively low spatial resolution of available data on residual ash volumes may have obscured this effect. The results suggest that the spill influenced turtle bioaccumulation of trace elements but that distance from the spill site may be a more important factor than residual ash in influencing postremediation bioaccumulation. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:201–211. © 2016 SETAC
Modeling of corrosion of steel tubing in CO2 storage
Authors: Li Qiang , Cheng Y. Frank 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this work, a mechanistic model was developed to predict the corrosion rate of steel tubing under carbon storage conditions. The model integrates a number of sub‐models that quantify contributions of interrelated steps to the corrosion process. The water chemistry sub‐model determines the solution pH and the concentrations of species. The electrochemical corrosion sub‐model assesses both charge‐transfer and mass‐transfer steps and their effects on corrosion. The scale formation and its role in corrosion are considered. The finite difference method is used to solve numerical equations, and a MetLab program was written for computation of the corrosion rate. The modeling results are validated by both laboratory testing and literature data. The parametric effects, including temperature, CO2 partial pressure, solution salinity, pH, time, etc., on corrosion are predicted. The limitations of the model are also discussed. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Using Quantile and Asymmetric Least Squares Regression for Optimal Risk Adjustment
Authors: Lorenz Normann 
Published: June 2016

SummaryIn this paper, we analyze optimal risk adjustment for direct risk selection (DRS). Integrating insurers' activities for risk selection into a discrete choice model of individuals' health insurance choice shows that DRS has the structure of a contest. For the contest success function (csf) used in most of the contest literature (the Tullock‐csf), optimal transfers for a risk adjustment scheme have to be determined by means of a restricted quantile regression, irrespective of whether insurers are primarily engaged in positive DRS (attracting low risks) or negative DRS (repelling high risks). This is at odds with the common practice of determining transfers by means of a least squares regression. However, this common practice can be rationalized for a new csf, but only if positive and negative DRSs are equally important; if they are not, optimal transfers have to be calculated by means of a restricted asymmetric least squares regression. Using data from German and Swiss health insurers, we find considerable differences between the three types of regressions. Optimal transfers therefore critically depend on which csf represents insurers' incentives for DRS and, if it is not the Tullock‐csf, whether insurers are primarily engaged in positive or negative DRS. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computer‐Aided Ergonomic Analysis for Assembly Unit of an Agricultural Device
Authors: Gonen Demet , Oral Ali , Yosunlukaya Mehmet 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn many applications, those who work on assembly processes are required to work in nonergonomic stances. Incorrect positions may cause strain and persistent problems. In addition, strain in workers’ bodies also has a negative effect on labor productivity. Ergonomics should be applied to avoid this kind of negative impact on workers’ health as well as productivity. Ergonomics introduces the basic principles of system productivity and human‐machine‐environment relationship. With a series of computer‐aided ergonomics analysis (CAEA), necessary precautions can be taken in advance by determining the undesirable stances. Through CAEA, productivity for machinery and comfort for people can be ensured by creating an efficient working environment without causing health problems for workers who work in production. In this study, in an agricultural equipment producing company, current working positions of a worker carrying out tasks during the assembly of wheel hay rakes, have been evaluated via the CATIA Ergonomic Analysis Module. On the basis of the results, the design of the assembly unit was ergonomically improved. As a result of the improvement in the working environment, unfavorable stance positions were avoided and production time was decreased by 60%.
Establishing a Research Center: The Minority Male Community College Collaborative (M2C3)
Authors: Wood J. Luke , Urias Marissa Vasquez , Harris Frank 
Published: June 2016

This chapter describes the establishment of the Minority Male Community College Collaborative (M2C3), a research and practice center at San Diego State University. M2C3 partners with community colleges across the United States to enhance access, achievement, and success among men of color. This chapter begins with a description of the national trends and concerns that led to the center's focus on supporting the capacity of community colleges to address challenges facing historically underrepresented and underserved men, particularly men of color. Next, the chapter describes the concepts of “equity‐mindedness” and “institutional responsibility” that informed the conceptualization of the center's intervention approach. Guided by these concepts, partnerships advanced by institutional assessment tools such as the Community College Survey of Men (CCSM), the Community College Insights Protocol (CCIP), and the Community College Student Success Inventory (CCSSI) are described.
Attending to Pleasure and Purpose in Multiliteracies Instructional Practices: Insights From Transnational Youths
Authors: Skerrett Allison 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this commentary, the author examines some contributions of the New London Group's theory of a pedagogy of multiliteracies, as well as recent critiques of how this framework has been applied in literacy research and instructional practice. She draws on her research with transnational youths—young people who claim multiple national affiliations and maintain significant ties to two or more countries—to facilitate this analysis. The author's goal is to offer some possibilities for redesigning uses of a pedagogy of multiliteracies to better illuminate dimensions of literate activity, such as pleasure, that are sometimes obscured in classroom life. Redesigned instruction would prioritize building authentic and caring human relationships across difference and affinity, stretching out time for enjoyment of learning processes and activities, and pursuing literacy objectives that students and teachers agree on as valuable.
Surface, Deep, and Transfer? Considering the Role of Content Literacy Instructional Strategies
Authors: Frey Nancy , Fisher Douglas , Hattie John 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article provides an organizational review of content literacy instructional strategies to forward a claim that some strategies work better for surface learning, whereas others are more effective for deep learning and still others for transfer learning. The authors argue that the failure to adopt content literacy strategies by disciplinary teachers may be due, in part, to the mismatch between the approach and the level of learning expected.
Chondrogenesis of Embryonic Stem Cell‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induced by TGFβ1 and BMP7 Through Increased TGFβ Receptor Expression and Endogenous TGFβ1 Production
Authors: Lee Patrick T. , Li Wan‐Ju 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTFor decades stem cells have proven to be invaluable to the study of tissue development. More recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) (ESC‐MSCs) have emerged as a cell source with great potential for the future of biomedical research due to their enhanced proliferative capability compared to adult tissue‐derived MSCs and effectiveness of musculoskeletal lineage‐specific cell differentiation compared to ESCs. We have previously compared the properties and differentiation potential of ESC‐MSCs to bone marrow‐derived MSCs. In this study, we evaluated the potential of TGFβ1 and BMP7 to induce chondrogenic differentiation of ESC‐MSCs compared to that of TGFβ1 alone and further investigated the cellular phenotype and intracellular signaling in response to these induction conditions. Our results showed that the expression of cartilage‐associated markers in ESC‐MSCs induced by the TGFβ1 and BMP7 combination was increased compared to induction with TGFβ1 alone. The TGFβ1 and BMP7 combination upregulated the expression of TGFβ receptor and the production of endogenous TGFβs compared to TGFβ1 induction. The growth factor combination also increasingly activated both of the TGF and BMP signaling pathways, and inhibition of the signaling pathways led to reduced chondrogenesis of ESC‐MSCs. Our findings suggest that by adding BMP7 to TGFβ1‐supplemented induction medium, ESC‐MSC chondrogenesis is upregulated through increased production of endogenous TGFβ and activities of TGFβ and BMP signaling. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 172–181, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cane Toad Skin Extract—Induced Upregulation and Increased Interaction of Serotonin 2A and D2 Receptors via Gq/11 Signaling Pathway in CLU213 Cells
Authors: Zulfiker Abu Hasanat Md. , Hashimi Saeed M. , Good David A. , Grice I. Darren , Wei Ming Q. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTRecent evidences show that activation of serotonin 2A receptors (5‐HT2AR) by agonists is significant in improving therapeutic activity of disease conditions, such as obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD). Though the exact molecular mechanism is still not well understood, it is thought to involve agonist‐driven, enhanced expression of 5‐HT2AR in certain areas of brain, such as the pre‐frontal cortex (PFC). Several other reports have also demonstrated association of OCD with lower dopamine receptor (D2R) availability, primarily in the striatum of the brain along with dysfunction of 5‐HT2AR‐D2R heteromer regulation. We thus hypothesized that compound(s) interacting with this molecular mechanism could be developed as drugs for long‐term beneficial effects against OCD. In the present study, we have obtained experimental evidence in cultured neuronal cells (CLU213) that aqueous extract (AE, 50 μg/mL, P < 0.05) of the Australian cane toad skin significantly increased the levels of 5‐HT2AR and D2R protein and mRNA expression. AE was also found to enhance the interaction between 5‐HT2AR and D2R and formation of expression of 5‐HT2AR‐D2R heteromer using co‐immunoprecipitation and Western blot. Further investigation showed the involvement of classical signaling pathway (Gq/11‐PLCβ) along with c‐FOS transcription factor preferentially in 5‐HT2A‐mediated agonist activation. These results obtained demonstrated that AE upregulates 5‐HT2AR by a mechanism that appears to involve Gq/11‐PLCβ signaling pathway and c‐FOS transcription factor activation. We indicate this enhanced 5‐HT2AR and D2R expression and their interaction to induce increased 5‐HT2AR‐D2R heteromer formation by exposure to AE might provide a molecular mechanism to develop potential novel drug candidates to ameliorate OCD symptoms. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 979–993, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of Different Anesthetic Methods on Cellular Immune and Neuroendocrine Functions in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma Before and After Surgery
Authors: Sun Hui‐Zhen , Song Yan‐Ling , Wang Xiang‐Yun 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundMany anesthesia methods have been studies in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to explore the effects of combined intravenous and inhalation anesthesia and combined general and epidural anesthesia on cellular immune function and neuroendocrine function in patients with HCC before and after surgery.MethodsBetween September 2012 and April 2014, 72 patients who underwent a hepatectomy in our hospital were enrolled.ResultsCompared with the combined intravenous and inhalation anesthesia group, the combined general and epidural anesthesia group demonstrated increased CD4+/CD8+ T cells 0 hr after surgery, increased CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ cells, and IFN‐γ levels 12 hr after surgery, and increased CD3+, CD4+, and CD4+/CD8+ cells 24 hr after surgery (all P < 0.05). At 72 hr after surgery, the levels of ACTH and Cor in the combined general and epidural anesthesia group, and the levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ cells, and IFN‐γ in both the combined intravenous and inhalation anesthesia and the combined general and epidural anesthesia groups decreased to pre‐surgery levels. Significant differences were observed in the comparisons of CD3+, IL‐6, and IL‐10 between the combined intravenous and inhalation anesthesia and the combined general and epidural anesthesia groups 72 hr after surgery (all P < 0.05).ConclusionOur results revealed that combined general and epidural anesthesia plays a crucial role in hepatectomy via the mitigation of the inhibition of immunologic function in HCC patients during the perioperative period. Combined general and epidural anesthesia also hastens the recovery of immunologic suppression after surgery, which can provide a certain reference for the selection of clinical anesthesia in the treatment of HCC.
The impact of a hospital outreach medication review service on hospital readmission and emergency department attendances
Authors: Hanna Mary , Larmour Ian , Wilson Sally , O'Leary Karen 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe Monash Health Hospital Outreach Medication Review (HOMR) service is a pharmacist‐led service that targets patients at high risk of medication misadventure in the immediate post‐discharge period.AimTo study the impact of a HOMR service on emergency department attendances and hospital admissions within an Australian hospital network.MethodInformation was collected on the total number of emergency department attendances and hospital admissions during the 12‐month period prior to, and after, the date a HOMR service was provided to the study group between 1 January 2012 and 22 November 2012. This was compared to a control group who were referred to the service and were eligible, but rejected the service. Patients were stratified by age (≤50, 51–65 and >65 years) to determine any age‐related variations and tõhen investigated excluding regular, planned admissions (dialysis, chemotherapy or transfusion‐related).ResultsThe 398 patients in the study group had a total of 1691 admissions in the 12‐month period pre‐HOMR. The total number of admissions in the 12‐month period post‐HOMR was higher than during the pre‐HOMR period for both the control and study groups. When an age subanalysis was conducted and regular planned admissions were excluded, patients aged 51–65 years exhibited a 25% reduction in hospital admissions (χ2 = 6.14, p < 0.05). There was no significant reduction in admissions for the other age groups or in emergency department attendances.ConclusionThe provision of HOMR outreach services has a valuable role to play in a clearly identified population that is at high risk of medication misadventure.
Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome
Authors: Gupta Deepali , Forbes Malcolm , McKean Mitchell 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHere a rare but clinically important adverse reaction to anticonvulsant medication is presented in the form of an original case report. This report discusses the epidemiology, pathophysiology and management of anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome (AHS). AHS is estimated to occur in one in every 1000–10 000 exposures. However, its true incidence is unknown due to variable presentations. Given the frequent use of anticonvulsants and the potentially fatal complications of this adverse event, it is important all clinicians are aware of this presentation. Potential for cross‐reactivity must be considered when selecting anticonvulsant drug therapy in a patient who has a history of AHS. Clinical pharmacists play a vital role in identifying potential adverse reactions and advising on their management.
Geriatric medicine and pharmacy practice: a historical perspective
Authors: Elliott Rohan A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractModern geriatric medicine evolved in Britain between the 1930s and 1970s. In Australia, the first comprehensive geriatric service was described in the 1950s. However, it was not until the 1980s that geriatric medicine began to gain widespread acceptance as a medical specialty. There has been a slow but steady growth in geriatric services in most developed countries since that time, and more recently in developing nations. Various models of geriatric medical care have been developed, including geriatrician‐led geriatric evaluation and management (GEM) services and shared‐care services such as orthogeriatrics. The number of older people, often with multiple comorbidities and geriatric syndromes, seen in most areas of medical and surgical practice has risen significantly over recent decades, and as a result some of the principles of geriatric medicine, in particular ‘comprehensive geriatric assessment’, have been adopted outside of specialist geriatric services, including the primary care setting. Managing and preventing iatrogenic disease and polypharmacy became an important element of geriatric medicine as the range of therapeutic drugs grew and life expectancy and multi‐morbidity increased. Geriatric pharmacy practice evolved in the mid‐1970s in theUSA, and the 1980s–1990s in other developed countries. It was recognised as a specialty with the introduction of the Certified Geriatric Pharmacist credential in 1997. This paper describes the evolution of the principles and practice of geriatric medicine and pharmacy practice.
Simple high‐performance liquid chromatography method for formaldehyde determination in human tissue through derivatization with 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine
Authors: Yilmaz Bilal , Asci Ali , Kucukoglu Kaan , Albayrak Mevlut 
Published: June 2016

A simple high‐performance liquid chromatography method has been developed for the determination of formaldehyde in human tissue. FA Formaldehyde was derivatized with 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine. It was extracted from human tissue with ethyl acetate by liquid–liquid extraction and analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The calibration curve was linear in the concentration range of 5.0–200 μg/mL. Intra‐ and interday precision values for formaldehyde in tissue were <6.9%, and accuracy (relative error) was better than 6.5%. The extraction recoveries of formaldehyde from human tissue were between 88 and 98%. The limits of detection and quantification of formaldehyde were 1.5 and 5.0 μg/mL, respectively. Also, this assay was applied to liver samples taken from a biopsy material.