bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SHOULD ONE USE THE RAY-BY-RAY APPROXIMATION IN CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVA SIMULATIONS?
Authors: Skinner M. Aaron , Burrows Adam , Dolence Joshua C. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
We perform the first self-consistent, time-dependent, multi-group calculations in two dimensions (2D) to address the consequences of using the ray-by-ray+ transport simplification in core-collapse supernova simulations. Such a dimensional reduction is employed by many researchers to facilitate their resource-intensive calculations. Our new code (Fornax) implements multi-D transport, and can, by zeroing out transverse flux terms, emulate the ray-by-ray+ scheme. Using the same microphysics, initial models, resolution, and code, we compare the results of simulating 12, 15, 20, and 25 M
⊙ progenitor models using these two transport methods. Our findings call into question the wisdom of the pervasive use of the ray-by-ray+ approach. Employing it leads to maximum post-bounce/pre-explosion shock radii that are almost universally larger by tens of kilometers than those derived using the more accurate scheme, typically leaving the post-bounce matter less bound and artificially more “explodable.” In fact, for our 25 M
⊙ progenitor, the ray-by-ray+ model explodes, while the corresponding multi-D transport model does not. Therefore, in two dimensions, the combination of ray-by-ray+ with the axial sloshing hydrodynamics that is a feature of 2D supernova dynamics can result in quantitatively, and perhaps qualitatively, incorrect results.
DUST CAPTURE AND LONG-LIVED DENSITY ENHANCEMENTS TRIGGERED BY VORTICES IN 2D PROTOPLANETARY DISKS
Authors: Surville Clément , Mayer Lucio , Lin Douglas N. C. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
We study dust capture by vortices and its long-term consequences in global two-fluid inviscid disk simulations using a new polar grid code RoSSBi. We perform the longest integrations so far, several hundred disk orbits, at the highest resolution attainable in global disk simulations with dust, namely, 2048 × 4096 grid points. We vary a wide range of dust parameters, most notably the initial dust-to-gas ratio ϵ varies in the range of 10−4–10−2. Irrespective of the value of ϵ, we find rapid concentration of the dust inside vortices, reaching dust-to-gas ratios of the order of unity inside the vortex. We present an analytical model that describes this dust capture process very well, finding consistent results for all dust parameters. A vortex streaming instability develops, which invariably causes vortex destruction. After vortex dissipation large-scale dust rings encompassing a disk annulus form in most cases, which sustain very high dust concentration, approaching ratios of the order of unity; they persist as long as the duration of the simulations. They are sustained by a streaming instability, which manifests itself in high-density dust clumps at various scales. When vortices are particularly long-lived, rings do not form but dust clumps inside vortices can survive a long time and would likely undergo collapse by gravitational instability. Rings encompass almost an Earth mass of solid material, while even larger masses of dust do accumulate inside vortices in the earlier stage. We argue that rapid planetesimal formation would occur in the dust clumps inside the vortices as well as in the post-vortex rings.
FORMATION OF THE UNEQUAL-MASS BINARY PROTOSTARS IN L1551NE BY ROTATIONALLY DRIVEN FRAGMENTATION
Authors: Lim Jeremy , Hanawa Tomoyuki , Yeung Paul K. H. , Takakuwa Shigehisa , Matsumoto Tomoaki , Saigo Kazuya 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
We present observations at 7 mm that fully resolve the two circumstellar disks and a reanalysis of archival observations at 3.5 cm that resolve along their major axes the two ionized jets of the Class I binary protostellar system L1551NE. We show that the two circumstellar disks are better fit by a shallow inner and steep outer power law than a truncated power law. The two disks have very different transition radii between their inner and outer regions of ∼18.6 au and ∼8.9 au, respectively. Assuming that they are intrinsically circular and geometrically thin, we find that the two circumstellar disks are parallel with each other and orthogonal in projection to their respective ionized jets. Furthermore, the two disks are closely aligned if not parallel with their circumbinary disk. Over an interval of ∼10 yr, source B (possessing the circumsecondary disk) has moved northward with respect to and likely away from source A, indicating an orbital motion in the same direction as the rotational motion of their circumbinary disk. All the aforementioned elements therefore share the same axis for their angular momentum, indicating that L1551NE is a product of rotationally driven fragmentation of its parental core. Assuming a circular orbit, the relative disk sizes are compatible with theoretical predictions for tidal truncation by a binary system having a mass ratio of ∼0.2, in agreement with the reported relative separations of the two protostars from the center of their circumbinary disk. The transition radii of both disks, however, are a factor of ≳1.5 smaller than their predicted tidally truncated radii.
ASSESSING ASTROPHYSICAL UNCERTAINTIES IN DIRECT DETECTION WITH GALAXY SIMULATIONS
Authors: Sloane Jonathan D. , Buckley Matthew R. , Brooks Alyson M. , Governato Fabio 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
We study the local dark matter velocity distribution in simulated Milky Way-mass galaxies, generated at high resolution with both dark matter and baryons. We find that the dark matter in the solar neighborhood is influenced appreciably by the inclusion of baryons, increasing the speed of dark matter particles compared to dark matter-only simulations. The gravitational potential due to the presence of a baryonic disk increases the amount of high velocity dark matter, resulting in velocity distributions that are more similar to the Maxwellian Standard Halo Model than predicted from dark matter-only simulations. Furthermore, the velocity structures present in baryonic simulations possess a greater diversity than expected from dark matter-only simulations. We show that the impact on the direct detection experiments LUX, DAMA/Libra, and CoGeNT using our simulated velocity distributions, and explore how resolution and halo mass within the Milky Way’s estimated mass range impact the results. A Maxwellian fit to the velocity distribution tends to overpredict the amount of dark matter in the high velocity tail, even with baryons, and thus leads to overly optimistic direct detection bounds on models that are dependent on this region of phase space for an experimental signal. Our work further demonstrates that it is critical to transform simulated velocity distributions to the lab frame of reference, due to the fact that velocity structure in the solar neighborhood appears when baryons are included. There is more velocity structure present when baryons are included than in dark matter-only simulations. Even when baryons are included, the importance of the velocity structure is not as apparent in the Galactic frame of reference as in the Earth frame.
A MODEL OF WHITE DWARF PULSAR AR SCORPII
Authors: Geng Jin-Jun , Zhang Bing , Huang Yong-Feng 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
A 3.56 hr white dwarf (WD)–M dwarf (MD) close binary system, AR Scorpii, was recently reported to show pulsating emission in radio, IR, optical, and UV, with a 1.97 minute period, which suggests the existence of a WD with a rotation period of 1.95 minutes. We propose a model to explain the temporal and spectral characteristics of the system. The WD is a nearly perpendicular rotator, with both open field line beams sweeping the MD stellar wind periodically. A bow shock propagating into the stellar wind accelerates electrons in the wind. Synchrotron radiation of these shocked electrons can naturally account for the broadband (from radio to X-rays) spectral energy distribution of the system.
A systematic florula of a disturbed urban habitat: Pavements of Sheffield, England
Authors: Pescott Oliver 
Published: October 2016

Human settlements are of increasing interest to ecologists, a fact demonstrated by the recent cluster of book-length treatments of the topic (Forman 2008, McDonnell et al. 2009, Gaston 2010, Niemelä et al. 2011, Wilson 2011, Forman 2014). The natural world as a fascinating feature of towns and cities has a much longer history (e.g. Fitter 1945), and has also played a strong part in local biological conservation in some countries over the late 20th Century (Goode 2014​). Despite much existing information on urban plant and animal communities resulting from these trends, very little, easily accessible, systematic data on urban biodiversity is currently available.
Few systematic, randomised surveys at fine spatial grain exist for urban habitats, and even fewer of these surveys are in the public domain. This study was designed as a systematic florula (i.e. a small flora) of a relatively discrete urban habitat in order to provide a baseline that would enable robust insights into future environmental change. In addition, the dataset is likely to be useful for comparative studies of plant traits, particularly those of highly disturbed habitats (Williams et al. 2009​). The survey is an occupancy study of the vascular plants of pavements (i.e. sidewalks) within 16 500 x 500 m (0.25 km2) urban grid cells, stratified by quadrant at the scale of the focal city (Sheffield, England) in order to provide more even coverage. The final dataset comprises 862 records of 183 taxa.
Qu’est-ce que la vérité ? Lacan et le christianisme
Authors: Causse Jean-Daniel 
Published: October 2016

Dans cet article, Jean-Daniel Causse se propose d’analyser les relations complexes entre religion et vérité au regard de l’affirmation de Lacan selon laquelle « le christianisme est la vraie religion ». Se pose ici le problème du sens, la religion postulant une adéquation de la vérité et du sens là où la psychanalyse les disjoint. On montre toutefois que Lacan est attentif au fait que le christianisme a déconstruit les structures religieuses du théisme classique – en particulier par l’idée de mort de Dieu – et a opéré en même temps la dénégation de son propre fondement. À partir de là, on peut reconsidérer les différences entre psychanalyse et religion dans le traitement des formes contemporaines du mal-être.
De la connaissance des objets physiques
Authors: Klein Étienne 
Published: October 2016

La conception mécaniciste des premiers physiciens a dû céder la place à une conception nouvelle lorsqu’Einstein introduisit la théorie de la relativité, qui montrait que les représentations immédiates de la conscience (position, figures, mouvement) ne suffisaient pas à décrire le monde physique et pouvaient être trompeuses. À cette révolution dans la théorie de la connaissance sont venus s’ajouter les paradoxes de la mécanique quantique ruinant l’idée d’une description complète de la réalité physique au profit d’une connaissance probabiliste. L’évolution des théories physiques, appuyées sur les mathématiques, met en évidence la complexité des relations entre le sujet connaissant et les objets observés.
Πόλεμος et Δίκη. Une interprétation du premier chant du chœur d’ Antigone de Sophocle
Authors: Neykov Ivan 
Published: October 2016

Dans l’ Introduction à la Métaphysique , Heidegger lit le premier chant du chœur d’ Antigone comme une voie poétique d’explorer la question : « Qui est l’homme ? ». L’analyse critique de la traduction et de l’interprétation de Heidegger, en comparaison avec celles de la tradition, montre la présence indéniable de violence herméneutique, dont la fonction est d’effacer la signification éthico-politique du poème, pourtant essentielle dans la confrontation d’Antigone avec Créon. L’enjeu principal devient ainsi l’occultation par Heidegger du sens véritable de la notion de justice comme thème central de la tragédie. La δ́ικη, en tant que l’ajointement résultant de la confrontation (πόλεμος), ne se réfère plus au bien et au mal. C’est parce que l’aspect ens amans de l’homme se trouve enfoui dans l’existential du souci qui constitue seul son être. Peut-il en être autrement quand le sens de l’être est compris exclusivement dans la perspective temporale ?
Intertekstualiteit en oorinterpretasie: Verwysings na Genesis 28:12 in Johannes 1:51?
Authors: Van der Watt Jan 
Published: October 2016

Intertextuality and over-interpretation: References to Genesis 28:12 in John 1:51? The aim of this article is to illustrate the dangers of over-interpretation when dealing with intertextual relations between texts, especially when allusion is assumed. Interpretations of the allusion to Genesis 28:12 in John 1:51 of the angels ascending and descending on Jacob are used as illustration of the measure of over-interpretation that is prevalent in current academic discussions, especially related to John. A close reading of John 1:51 is first made in order to establish the confines of the text. A brief survey of different interpretations of John 1:51 in light of Genesis 28:12 follows to illustrate how themes like the ladder, Jacob or Bethel that are not mentioned in 1:51, are introduced in expositions of the text. Such interpretations are shown to be problematic and indeed over-interpretations of what John 1:51 wants to communicate. Some practical methodological suggestions are then made.
Cone Beam Computed Tomography-based Evaluation of the Anterior Teeth Position Changes obtained by Passive Self-ligating Brackets
Authors: Conti Ana CCF , Rhoden Fernando K , Maltagliati Liliana Á , Almeida-Pedrin Renata R , Filho Leopoldino C , de Almeida Cardoso Maurício 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Aim
The objective of this study was to evaluate the anterior teeth position changes obtained by passive self-ligating brackets using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and methods
Twenty patients with a mean age of 16.5 years, class I malocclusion, constricted maxillary arch, and teeth crowding above 5 mm were enrolled in this study, and treated by passive orthodontic self-ligating brackets. A sequence of stainless steel thermoset wire was implemented with ending wire of 0.019” × 0.025”. The CBCT and dental casts were obtained prior to the installation of orthodontic appliances (T1), and 30 days after rectangular steel wire 0.019” × 0.025” installation (T2). The measurements in CBCT were performed with the Anatomage software, and the dental casts were evaluated with a digital caliper rule with an accuracy of 0.01 mm.

Results
The CBCT data demonstrated mean buccal inclination of the upper and lower central incisors ranging from 6.55° to 7.24° respectively. The upper and lower lateral incisors ranged from 4.90° to 8.72° respectively. The lower canines showed an average increase of 3.88° in the buccal inclination and 1.96 mm in the transverse intercuspal distance. The upper canines showed a negative inclination with mean average of −0.36°, and an average increase of 0.82 mm in the transverse distance, with negative correlation with the initial crowding.

Conclusion
Treatment with passive self-ligating brackets without obtaining spaces increases buccal inclination of the upper and lower incisors with no correlation with the amount of initial teeth crowding. The intercanine distance tends to a small increase showing different inclinations between the arches.

Clinical significance
When taking into account the selfligating brackets, the amount of initial dental crowding is not a limitation factor that could increase the buccal inclination of the anterior teeth.

How to cite this article
Rhoden FK, Maltagliati LÁ, de Castro Ferreira Conti AC, Almeida-Pedrin RR, Filho LC, de Almeida Cardoso M. Cone Beam Computed Tomography-based Evaluation of the Anterior Teeth Position Changes obtained by Passive Selfligating Brackets. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(8):623-629.
Nano-hydroxyapatite could Compensate the Adverse Effect of Soft Carbonated Drinks on Enamel
Authors: Rezvani Mohammad B , Rouhollahi Mohammad R , Andalib Fahimeh , Hamze Faeze 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Since one of the most important disadvantages of soft drinks includes their adverse effect on mineral content of enamel because of their low pH, this study examined the microhardness of enamel before and after exposure to a soft drink containing different concentrations of nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HA) as an additive.

Materials and methods
Sixty caries free human premolars were mounted in epoxy resin. After polishing, the baseline microhardness was recorded three times for each specimen using a Vickers indenter at 50 gm load. Subsequently, the samples were divided into six groups, which were treated for 5 minutes at 9°C by a cola-based drink contacting 0, 0.5, 1, 5, and 10 wt.% of nano-HA while the control group was immersed in artificial saliva. Ultimately, the final microhardness was assessed three times again for each specimen.

Results
Paired t-test showed that in groups containing 0 and 0.5 wt.% of nano-HA, the microhardness was significantly reduced after treatment protocol (p = 0.00 and 0.01 respectively). Whereas in the other groups the microhardness was not significantly changed after treatment (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
Pure cola-based drink has a pronounced adverse effect on enamel microhardness, while admixing it with nano-HA could act as a protective factor.

Clinical significance
Although soft beverages are hazardous to tooth structure, some additives could compensate their adverse effect.

How to cite this article
Rezvani MB, Rouhollahi MR, Andalib F, Hamze F. Nano-hydroxyapatite could Compensate the Adverse Effect of Soft Carbonated Drinks on Enamel. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(8):635-638.
Work-related Musculoskeletal Pain among Different Dental Specialists in United Arab Emirates
Authors: Al-Rawi Natheer H , Khatib Hiba El , Rajoub Lin , El-Sayed Mariem , Naji Rawand , Youssef Reem , Kawas Sausan Al 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Dentists are at a very high risk of developing work-related musculoskeletal pain. The present study aimed at studying the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among different dental specialists in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and correlating the region of pain with the type of clinical work done by the specialists.

Materials and methods
A sample of more than 100 dentists was chosen randomly from different emirates in UAE. An interview questionnaire was administered regarding the number of years of experience and the presence, region, duration, and type of musculoskeletal pain they experienced.

Results
Musculoskeletal pain is experienced by 83.3% of periodontists, 80% of conservative dentists, 77.8% of endodontists, 72.7% of orthodontists, 70% of oral surgeons, 63.6% of prosthodontists, 63% of general dental practitioners, and 50% of pedodontists. The results have also indicated that the region of experienced musculoskeletal pain does vary according to the specialty. From those dentists who experience work-related musculoskeletal pain, 80% of conservative dentists experience pain in neck and shoulders, 66.7% of periodontists, and 54.5% of orthodontists experience pain in the lower back region. More than 50% of endodontists experience pain in the neck and shoulders regions, and 39% of general dental practitioners who experience pain in the neck region.

Conclusion
Preventive measures need to be taken to decrease the risk of dentists and dental specialists developing workrelated musculoskeletal pain.

Clinical significance
The prevalence and distribution of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among registered general dental practitioners and dental specialists in UAE was not clearly documented. The study results indicated that the region that experienced musculoskeletal pain does vary according to the specialty.

How to cite this article
Al-Rawi NH, El Khatib H, Rajoub L, El-Sayed M, Naji R, Youssef R, Al Kawas S. Work-related Musculoskeletal Pain among Different Dental Specialists in United Arab Emirates. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(8): 639-644.
Non-stomatal exchange in ammonia dry deposition models: comparison of two
state-of-the-art approaches
Authors: Schrader Frederik , Brümmer Christian , Flechard Chris R. , Wichink Kruit Roy J. , van Zanten Margreet C. , Zöll Undine , Hensen Arjan , Erisman Jan Willem 
Published: October 2016

Abstract. The accurate representation of bidirectional ammonia (NH3) biosphere–atmosphere exchange is an important part of modern air quality models. However, the cuticular (or external leaf surface) pathway, as well as other non-stomatal ecosystem surfaces, still pose a major challenge to translating our knowledge into models. Dynamic mechanistic models including complex leaf surface chemistry have been able to accurately reproduce measured bidirectional fluxes in the past, but their computational expense and challenging implementation into existing air quality models call for steady-state simplifications. Here we qualitatively compare two semi-empirical state-of-the-art parameterizations of a unidirectional non-stomatal resistance (Rw) model after Massad et al. (2010), and a quasi-bidirectional non-stomatal compensation-point (χw) model after Wichink Kruit et al. (2010), with NH3 flux measurements from five European sites. In addition, we tested the feasibility of using backward-looking moving averages of air NH3 concentrations as a proxy for prior NH3 uptake and as a driver of an alternative parameterization of non-stomatal emission potentials (Γw) for bidirectional non-stomatal exchange models. Results indicate that the Rw-only model has a tendency to underestimate fluxes, while the χw model mainly overestimates fluxes, although systematic underestimations can occur under certain conditions, depending on temperature and ambient NH3 concentrations at the site. The proposed Γw parameterization revealed a clear functional relationship between backward-looking moving averages of air NH3 concentrations and non-stomatal emission potentials, but further reduction of uncertainty is needed for it to be useful across different sites. As an interim solution for improving flux predictions, we recommend reducing the minimum allowed Rw and the temperature response parameter in the unidirectional model and revisiting the temperature-dependent Γw parameterization of the bidirectional model.