bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
»Beantworte die Fragen auf Niederländisch« Zielsprachengebrauch in niederländischen DaF-Lehrwerken
Authors: Hoch Barbara , Jentges Sabine , Tammenga-Helmantel Marjon 
Published: May 2017

Zusammenfassung
Der Unterricht Deutsch als Fremdsprache in den Niederlanden ist kontrastiv orientiert, insbesondere im schulischen DaF-Unterricht werden durchgängig sowohl Ziel- als auch Ausgangssprache eingesetzt. Das Phänomen eines parallelen Einsatzes von Ziel- und Ausgangssprache findet sich dann auch in allen auf dem niederländischen Markt produzierten schulischen DaF-Lehrwerken wieder. Ausgehend davon, dass der Einsatz von Ziel- und Ausgangssprache in diesen Lehrwerken nicht zufällig, sondern einer Systematik folgend intentional ist, wird in diesem Beitrag für zwei der am verbreitetsten eingesetzten niederländischen DaF-Lehrwerke (TrabiTour, Neue Kontakte) auf Anfängerniveau (A1/A2 nach GER) untersucht, bei welchen Übungstypen und für welche Lernaktivitäten die Ziel- bzw. die Ausgangssprache (Deutsch bzw. Niederländisch) eingesetzt wird. Abschließend werden Empfehlungen gegeben, in welchen Bereichen der Einsatz der Ausgangssprache durchaus sinnvoll erscheint und für welche Teilbereiche der Lehrwerke sich ein konsequenterer Gebrauch der Zielsprache auch positiv auf einen stärkeren Einbezug der Zielsprache Deutsch in den DaF-Unterricht anbieten würde.
Ergänzungsvorschläge für Hörverstehensübungen in deutschen Lehrwerken im universitären DaF-Unterricht in Japan
Authors: Niewalda Katrin , Schmidt Maria Gabriela , Sakamoto Shinichi 
Published: May 2017

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag widmet sich der Frage, welche Bereiche (Hörstile, Übungstypen und Hörstrategien) die Übungen zum Hörverstehen in ausgewählten deutschsprachigen Lehrwerken (A1 GER) abdecken und welche länderspezifischen Anforderungen (hier Japan) sich für das Hörverstehen identifizieren lassen. Die Analyse ergab, dass es angebracht ist, sich nicht nur auf die in den Lehrwerken angebotenen Übungen zu verlassen, sondern Ergänzungsübungen anzubieten, um Schwachpunkte nicht-zielgruppenbezogener Lehrwerke auszugleichen.
The Impact of Income Distribution on the Current Account
Authors: Carrera Jorge Eduardo , Rodriguez Esteban , Sardi Mariano 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis paper analyzes the relationship between inequality and the current account, addressing the role of the functional distribution of income. Using panel data for 60 countries over the period 1975–2011, our results confirm that an increase in the wage share is associated with a decrease in the current account. We also analyze the effects of wage share on saving and investment, maintaining the same control variables. We find that the wage share is negatively correlated with saving and does not have a significant effect on investment. This result is consistent with the theories that connect higher wages with greater consumption and less saving. The relationship is stronger for developing economies, highlighting the structural differences between different groups of countries. Specifically, the relevance and sign of control variables like financial intermediation, fiscal balance, demographic ratios, capital account openness and growth expectations show important differences according to the level of development.
Global Absolute Poverty: Behind the Veil of Dollars
Authors: Moatsos Michail 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe widely applied “dollar-a-day” methodology identifies global absolute poverty as declining precipitously since the early 80’s throughout the developing world. The methodological underpinnings of the “dollar-a-day” approach have been questioned in terms of adequately representing equivalent welfare conditions in different countries and years. These key issues of measuring global poverty are addressed here using the concept of the bare bones consumption basket (BBB). This methodology pinpoints equivalent levels of welfare, both internationally and intertemporally. The results validate the critique against the “dollar-a-day” methodology, showing large variations in costs of BBB between countries and years, even when one explicitly allows for additional expenses such as education and health. This volatility represents the differential among the typically used average CPI and a price index which is more relevant to those living in absolute poverty. On a point estimate level, success in terms of the first Millennium Development Goal (MDG) appears marginal. Once uncertainty in the estimates is accounted for, the BBB poverty lines provide the ground to dispute MDG 1 early celebrations. While BBB absolute poverty remains at very low levels during the entire 1983–2014 period, it also demonstrates strong persistence throughout. On the contrary, the higher welfare level BBB derivative shows overall much less flattering poverty levels.
Is there such thing as middle class values? Class differences, values and political orientations in Latin America
Authors: Lopez-Calva Luis F. , Rigolini Jamele , Torche Florencia 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMiddle class values have long been perceived as drivers of social cohesion and growth. In this paper we investigate the relationship between class (measured by the position in the income distribution), values, and political orientations using comparable values surveys for six Latin American countries. We find that both a continuous measure of income and categorical measures of income-based class are robustly associated with values. Both income and class tend to display a similar association to values and political orientations as education, although differences persist in some important dimensions. Overall, we do not find strong evidence of any “middle class particularism”: values appear to gradually shift with income, and middle class values lay between the ones of poorer and richer classes. If any, the only peculiarity of middle class values is moderation. We also find changes in values across countries to be of much larger magnitude than the ones dictated by income, education, and individual characteristics, suggesting that individual values vary primarily within bounds dictated by each society.
Taylor series expansion scheme applied for solving population balance equation
Authors: Yu Mingzhou , Lin Jianzhong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPopulation balance equations (PBE) are widely applied to describe many physicochemical processes such as nanoparticle synthesis, chemical processes for particulates, colloid gel, aerosol dynamics, and disease progression. The numerical study for solving the PBE, i.e. population balance modeling, is undergoing rapid development. In this review, the application of the Taylor series expansion scheme in solving the PBE was discussed. The theories, implement criteria, and applications are presented here in a universal form for ease of use. The aforementioned method is mathematically economical and applicable to the combination of fine-particle physicochemical processes and can be used to numerically and pseudo-analytically describe the time evolution of statistical parameters governed by the PBE. This article summarizes the principal details of the method and discusses its application to engineering problems. Four key issues relevant to this method, namely, the optimization of type of moment sequence, selection of Taylor series expansion point, optimization of an order of Taylor series expansion, and selection of terms for Taylor series expansion, are emphasized. The possible direction for the development of this method and its advantages and shortcomings are also discussed.
Microwave absorption and mechanical properties of double-layer cement-based composites containing different replacement levels of fly ash
Authors: Zhang Yuefang , Liu Shunhua , Hao wanJun 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Double-layer absorbing cement-based composites with the thickness of 10 mm were prepared, including different replacement levels of fly ash (FA) in the absorbing layer as well as the matching layer for impedance matching. Waste polyethylene terephthalate bottle fragment was introduced as electromagnetic transparent reinforcement aggregate. Carbon black was used to be original absorbent in the absorbing layer. The microstructure and electromagnetic parameters of FA were closely looked at through scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, and analyzer of vector network. The absorption and mechanical properties of cement-based composites were tested. It turned out that when the optimal replacement ratio of FA in the absorbing layer and matching layer gets to 50%:30%, the minimum value of reflection loss achieves −22.3 dB at 13.2 GHz; also, the value of absorption bandwidth that is effective (<−8 dB) is 6.4 GHz. Ni-Zn ferrite proves to be a feasible absorbent that is additional for the matching layer compared to what is added to the absorbing layer. The compressive strength of all the mixtures decreased, while the flexural strength decreased first and then increased with the rise of the FA replacement level.
Application of Nanotechnology-Based Thermal Insulation Materials in Building Construction
Authors: Bozsaky David 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Nanotechnology-based materials have previously been used by space research, pharmaceuticals and electronics, but in the last decade several nanotechnology-based thermal insulation materials have appeared in building industry. Nowadays they only feature in a narrow range of practice, but they offer many potential applications. These options are unknown to most architects, who may simply be afraid of these materials owing to the incomplete and often contradictory special literature. Therefore, they are distrustful and prefer to apply the usual and conventional technologies. This article is intended to provide basic information about nanotechnology-based thermal insulation materials for designers. It describes their most important material properties, functional principles, applications, and potential usage options in building construction.
Measurement Error and Attenuation Bias in Exponential Random Graph Models
Authors: Kim Yeaji , Antenangeli Leonardo , Kirkland Justin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractExponential Random Graph Models (ERGMs) are becoming increasingly popular tools for estimating the properties of social networks across the social sciences. While the asymptotic properties of ERGMs are well understood, much less is known about how ERGMs perform in the face of violations of the assumptions that drive those asymptotic properties. Given that empirical social networks rarely meet the strenuous assumptions of the ERGM perfectly, practical researchers are often in the position of knowing their coefficients are imperfect, but not knowing precisely how wrong those coefficients may be. In this research, we examine one violation of the asymptotic assumptions of ERGMs – perfectly measured social networks. Using several Monte Carlo simulations, we demonstrate that even randomly distributed measurement errors in networks under study can cause considerable attenuation in coefficients from ERGMs, and do real harm to subsequent hypothesis tests.
Speckle tracking echocardiography in acute lupus myocarditis: comparison to conventional echocardiography
Authors: Du Toit Riëtte , Herbst Phillip G , van Rensburg Annari , Snyman Hendrik W , Reuter Helmuth , Doubell Anton F 
Published: May 2017

Aims
Lupus myocarditis occurs in 5–10% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). No single feature is diagnostic of lupus myocarditis. Speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) can detect subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in SLE patients, with limited research on its utility in clinical lupus myocarditis. We report on STE in comparison to conventional echocardiography in patients with clinical lupus myocarditis.

Methods and results
A retrospective study was done at a tertiary referral hospital in South Africa. SLE patients with lupus myocarditis were included and compared to healthy controls. Echocardiographic images were reanalyzed, including global longitudinal strain through STE. A poor echocardiographic outcome was defined as final left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <40%. 28 SLE patients fulfilled the criteria. Global longitudinal strain correlated with global (LVEF: r = −0.808; P = 0.001) and regional (wall motion score: r = 0.715; P < 0.001) function. In patients presenting with a LVEF ≥50%, global longitudinal strain (P = 0.023), wall motion score (P = 0.005) and diastolic function (P = 0.004) were significantly impaired vs controls. Following treatment, LVEF (35–47% (P = 0.023)) and wall motion score (1.88–1.5 (P = 0.017)) improved but not global longitudinal strain. Initial LVEF (34%; P = 0.046) and global longitudinal strain (−9.5%; P = 0.095) were lower in patients with a final LVEF <40%.

Conclusions
This is the first known report on STE in a series of patients with clinical lupus myocarditis. Global longitudinal strain correlated with regional and global left ventricular function. Global longitudinal strain, wall motion score and diastolic parameters may be more sensitive markers of lupus myocarditis in patients presenting with a preserved LVEF ≥50%. A poor initial LVEF and global longitudinal strain were associated with a persistent LVEF <40%. Echocardiography is a non-invasive tool with diagnostic and prognostic value in lupus myocarditis.
«Constitutional Fever»? Constitutional Integration in Post-Revolutionary France, Great Britain and Germany, 1814–c.1835
Authors: Rausch Fabian 
Published: May 2017

«Constitutional Fever»? Constitutional Integration in Post-Revolutionary France, Great Britain and Germany, 1814–c.1835 This article proposes a comparative perspective on the role of constitutions in European political cultures from 1814 to c.1835. Through its analysis of constitutions first as a means to legitimising post-revolutionary monarchies, and secondly as a means to integrating the divided societies in France, Great Britain as well as the German states, this article suggests two major results: 1) Constitutions were a central instrument that was imagined by post-revolutionary European societies in order to open up an «evolutionary» path to political progress and thereby finally «end» or «prevent» further revolutionary changes. 2) The major challenges to constitutional integration were posed by the emergence of competing political groups that often demanded a strengthening of certain parts of the constitutions or their further reform. The problems, which were faced by almost all political actors regarding the acceptance of these new imperatives of party politics and the different constitutional «solutions» that they had developed to meet these challenges, provide explanations for the different constitutional paths that were taken by Great Britain, the German states and France during the early 1830s. In Great Britain, a common constitutionalist language enabled a precarious understanding amongst the competing groups, whereas anti-pluralist constitutional conceptions led to constitutional instability in France and even damaged the very idea of constitutional integration in Germany thus benefitting a «unification first»-approach in the German states.
Influence of rs2228570 on Transcriptional Activation by the Vitamin D Receptor in Human Gingival Fibroblasts and Periodontal Ligament Cells
Authors: Liu Kaining , Han Bing , Meng Huanxin , Hou Jianxia 
Published: May 2017

Background: rs2228570 is the only known single nucleotide polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) that alters the protein structure. VDRs can be distinguished using the restriction endonuclease FokI and accordingly divided into three genotypes: FF, Ff, and ff. Influence of rs2228570 on transcriptional activation by VDRs in human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) and periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) is investigated in this study.Methods: From 15 donors, hGFs and hPDLCs were cultured, genomic DNA was extracted, and genotypes were determined using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Cells were stimulated with calcitriol with or without VDR antagonist ZK159222 or osteogenic induction. Alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and VDR messenger RNA (mRNA) expression were detected using real‐time PCR. Alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin protein expression were detected by enzyme activity assays with p‐nitrophenyl phosphate substrate and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, respectively.Results: Among the 15 donor cell cultures, the number of FF, ff, and Ff genotypes were 5, 3, and 7, respectively. There were no significant differences in expression of alkaline phosphatase or osteocalcin among the three genotypes in hGFs. However, after stimulation with calcitriol, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin mRNA levels in FF‐hPDLCs were significantly higher than in other hPDLCs genotypes, as was osteocalcin protein expression. Furthermore, when ZK159222 was included, this difference disappeared, and when osteogenic induction was performed, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin mRNA and protein levels were higher in FF‐hPDLCs than in the other hPDLCs genotypes.Conclusion: The FF‐VDR genotype is associated with the most remarkable upregulation of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin in hPDLCs.
Microbiota Analysis of Biofilms on Experimental Abutments Mimicking Dental Implants: An In Vivo Model
Authors: Cortés‐Acha Berta , Figueiredo Rui , Seminago Ramón , Roig Francisco J. , Llorens Carlos , Valmaseda‐Castellón Eduard 
Published: May 2017

Background: The microbiota colonizing dental implants has been said to be similar to the microbiome surrounding teeth. In the absence of inflammation, a biofilm with pathologic bacteria can cover implant surfaces exposed to the oral cavity, for example, due to a remodeling process. The aim of the present study is to identify microbiota surrounding exposed dental implants in patients with and without a history of periodontitis through a deep‐sequencing approach.Methods: An experimental abutment with the same surface and structure as a commercially available dental implant was used. Bacterial DNA was isolated, and the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was amplified and sequenced. Multiplexed tag‐encoded sequencing of DNA from the samples was performed, and the reads were processed by metagenomic rapid annotation.Results: A wide variety of bacteria, 96 species, were identified. The most frequently found bacteria were Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella denticola. Some species generally associated with periodontitis were found to a greater extent in patients without a history of periodontitis. Some bacteria that have never been described as part of the oral microbiome were identified in the present sample.Conclusions: Analysis of data suggests that the bacteria surrounding exposed dental implants form a diverse microbiome regardless of the periodontal profile of patients. Further research is needed to clarify the role of these microorganisms in the oral environment.
Weed Response to Agronomic Practices and Herbicide Strategies in Grain Sorghum
Authors: Besançon Thierry , Heiniger Ronnie , Weisz Randy , Everman Wesley 
Published: May 2017

Core Ideas
High sorghum density and narrow row spacing reduce biomass of troublesome weeds.
High spatial crop uniformity extends large crabgrass and sicklepod control over time.
Optimized crop density and row width may limit the need for postemergence herbicide in sorghum.
Sicklepod [Senna obtusifolia (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby] and large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis L.) are ranked among the top 10 most common or troublesome weeds in grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in the southeastern United States. Field studies conducted in North Carolina from 2012 to 2014 investigated the effects of three row widths, four sorghum populations, and three herbicide programs on weed control, density, biomass, and grain yield. Results indicated that 19‐ and 38‐cm rows provided greater sicklepod control 7 and 10 wk after planting (WAP) compared to 76 cm but had no effect on crabgrass control. Under weed‐controlled conditions, sorghum population ≥297,000 plants ha−1 allowed to maintain higher late‐season sicklepod and crabgrass control as compared to lower crop densities. In the weedy control, row spacing had no effect on weed density and biomass, whereas crop population ≥297,000 plants ha−1 reduced sicklepod density and biomass by 38 and 65%, respectively, compared to 99,000 plants ha−1. Effect on crabgrass was less pronounced with density and biomass reduction by 18 and 45%, respectively, for 396,000 plants ha−1 compared to 99,000 plants ha−1. In the absence of water stress, the highest grain yields were obtained with high spatial uniformity, corresponding to 19‐cm rows and sorghum population ≥297,000 sorghum plants ha−1. Our results indicate that increased sorghum density associated with narrow rows may reduce the need for a postemergence (POST) herbicide but underscore the importance of a timely activated preemergence (PRE) treatment to efficiently control sicklepod and crabgrass.
Analysis of the Hysteretic Hydraulic Properties of Unsaturated Soil
Authors: Zhuang L. , Bezerra Coelho C.R. , Hassanizadeh S.M. , van Genuchten M.Th. 
Published: May 2017

Core Ideas
We devised a setup to measure hydraulic properties using the multistep flux method.
Results showed good agreement with the data obtained with the hanging water column.
However, they deviated slightly from independent data obtained with the HYPROP.
Knowledge of the unsaturated soil hydraulic properties is essential for modeling water flow and solute transport processes in variably saturated subsurface systems. Various experimental setups have been developed over the years to measure the hydraulic properties. We devised a relatively simple setup for simultaneous measurement of the water retention and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity curves using multistep flux (MSF) and hanging water column (HWC) experiments. Our focus was especially on medium‐ and coarse‐textured sands having relatively narrow particle‐size distributions as reflected by the van Genuchten–Mualem (VGM) hydraulic parameter n. Values of the VGM parameter n for some of the sands we used were as high as 15. We also measured the hydraulic properties using the HYPROP evaporation method. The MSF and HWC results showed excellent agreement, but deviated slightly from independent data obtained with the HYPROP measurement system.