bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges for study abroad in contemporary Japan
Authors: Grimes-MacLellan Dawn 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAs the number of university students studying abroad has skyrocketed globally, waning Japanese participation stands in sharp contrast. What accounts for this decline? Drawing on ethnographic research, including surveys and semi-structured interviews, conducted in fall 2016 with 14 Japanese undergraduate students majoring in the social sciences, this article discusses current challenges influencing outbound Japanese student mobility. In contrast to contemporary social discourse in Japan that has criticized young Japanese as ‘inward-looking’ and unwilling to take on new challenges, including studying abroad, my results reveal that students continue to aspire to overseas study but are also concerned about costs and other challenges. The article closes with a discussion of how a small but growing number of Japanese students are addressing impediments by taking matters into their own hands, and how this emerging trend may require a reinterpretation of statistics suggesting a decline in Japanese participation in study abroad.
Quantifying the Linguistic Landscape
Authors: Lyons Kate , Rodríguez-Ordóñez Itxaso 
Published: December 2017

AbstractStudy of speech and written texts has provided significant insight regarding linguistic variation and its social correlates. Variation in therepresentationordisplayof language, however, remains a relatively understudied phenomenon. With this in mind, we present a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the variation observed in the Linguistic Landscape (LL) of Pilsen, Chicago. A community undergoing perceived processes of gentrification, Pilsen is an active site of economic, sociocultural change as well as newly intensified language contact. To investigate Pilsen’s displayed language variation, we implement a series of logistic regression models that analyze the distribution of both language and contextual framing observed on signs in four key areas in Pilsen. In doing so, we present an informed means with which to understand the sociolinguistic context of Pilsen as a community undergoing change and provide a replicable framework for future study of LLs that experience similar dynamics.
Restricciones de concordancia
Authors: Escalante María Fernanda , Ortiz López Luis A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEl español colombiano ha sido un referente constante de las oraciones con ser fozalizado (SF); sin embargo, son muy limitados los estudios con datos naturales que describan y expliquen el comportamiento microparamétrico y sociolingüístico en cuanto a las restricciones de concordancia de las SF en relación con las cláusulas seudohendidas (CLSH). Los trabajos existentes se basan en comunidades del interior de Colombia, y apenas se han investigado las variedades dialectales, consideradas marcadamente diferenciadas, como la zona caribeña colombiana (Montes 2000; Rodríguez2005,2007). Por ende, esta investigación documenta, analiza y explica la variación entre las estructuras con ser focalizado (SF), compuestas por un verbo matriz y el verboser+constituyente focalizado, y las cláusulas seudohendidas (CLSH), caracterizadas por la presencia de una clausula relativa + el verbo ser + un constituyente focalizado,en datos naturales del corpus de PRESEEA de Barranquilla, Colombia, Los resultados confirman que el español de Barranquilla, contrario a los resultados de otras variedades,usa con mayor frecuencia las SF frente a las CLSH, con y sin concordancia con el verbo matriz, principalmente entre participantes jóvenes con menos educación formal. Este estudio concluye que el SF es un fenómeno sintáctico complejo de microvariación dialectal, que trasciende las descripciones sintácticas, propuestas en estudios previos (Sedano 1988;2001;2010;2015;Méndez Vallejo 2009;2015;Vázquez-Larruscaín 2014;2015, entre otros).
Contextualising the emergence of English-induced morphological borrowing in Spanish
Authors: Roig-Marín Amanda 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis article concentrates on the competing forces underlying the use of the English morpheme-erin Spanish. Despite some asymmetries concerning the semantics of this morpheme in Spanish and English, I argue that we are witnessing one of the earliest instances of morphological borrowing in Spanish:-erhas achieved a unique status in peninsular Spanish in so far as speakers have started to use it productively to mean “an avid fan of X”. In order to support my argument, I provide empirical evidence and place this phenomenon within the framework of both contact language studies and fandom studies, particularly online fandom communities, the forerunners of this linguistic innovation in fields such as music, politics, or TV shows.
Lexical frequency and morphosyntactic variation
Authors: Bayley Robert , Greer Kristen A. , Holland Cory L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe role of frequency in language variation has received a great deal of attention in recent years, especially in phonology. Recently,Erker and Guy (2012)extended the analysis of frequency to morphosyntactic variation and examined frequency effects in variation between null and overt subject personal pronouns (SPPs) in New York City Spanish. Their results suggest that frequency activates or amplifies the effects of other influences on speakers’ choices between overt and null pronouns, such as person and number. Here we attempt to replicate their study. Analysis of more than 8,600 examples of possible sites of SPP variation collected from Mexican immigrant and Mexican American Spanish shows that frequency has only a small effect on a speaker’s choice between an overt and a null pronoun. The results presented here suggest that factors such as a change in reference from the subject of the preceding tensed verb or the person and number of the verb operate independently of frequency effects and provide a better explanation of observed patterns of variation than frequency.
Anglicisms and their use in an Internet forum addressed to Spanish-speaking teenagers
Authors: Luján García Carmen 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDespite the vast amount of literature that has dealt with the increasing presence of Anglicisms in multiple domains in Spanish, little attention has been paid to the use of Anglicisms by teenagers in internet forums, which have become a popular medium of communication among adolescents. This paper intends to analyze the use of Anglicisms by Spanish-speaking teenagers in this context. After having examined the contributions in www.forojovenes.com for six months (October 2015 to March 2016), the findings reveal that teenagers tend to use pure Anglicisms more frequently than other kinds; despite the existence of equivalents for some of the examined Anglicisms, the English term is chosen; the most prolific subject area to the use of Anglicisms is that of ICT. Sources such as corpus CREA, the project COLA and several well-known dictionaries have allowed to verify these uses. The employment of Anglicisms in this field may be justified in many cases, due to the lack of Spanish equivalent, but in other cases, these borrowings are connected with the prestige and sense of modernity associated with English.
Pervivencia de las relativas oblicuas sin artículo
Authors: Vellón Lahoz Javier , Moya Isach Rosa Ana 
Published: December 2017

AbstractoEl artículo estudia los contextos en los que pervive el pronombre relativo simple (sin artículo) en las proposiciones de relativo oblicuas introducidas por la preposiciónen. Para ello, se aplica una metodología variacionista, con el análisis multivariante de las ocurrencias obtenidas de un corpus formado por textos periodísticos del año 2014. De este análisis se desprende que, pese al dominio de la forma innovadora con artículo (en el que), existen contextos que favorecen la pervivencia de la variante etimológica. En su mayoría estos factores se relacionan con el antecedente (distancia, determinación, valores semánticos), pero otros se vinculan con el tipo de proposición relativa, la función sintáctica del relativo, la polaridad de la subordinada, etc. La incidencia de estos contextos como factores condicionantes de la estructura simple sitúa el fenómeno en el ámbito de la variación morfosintáctica más que en el de la gramaticalización y creación de una unidad gramatical.
Electrodeposited iron-based nanofoams as precursors for transducers
Authors: Berkesi Kata 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe aim of this work is the electrochemical preparation of iron-based oxide (Fe2O3, Fe3O4) nanofoams on metal substrate by accompanying hydrogen-evolution as promising precursors for transducers. Various metal substrates have been tested and the most satisfying electrolyte composition have been determined. However, various deposition parameters determine various nanofoam properties, like pore-size, density, pore-type, thickness of interconnections etc. The crystallographic composition and morphology of the electrodeposited samples have been studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively.
RETRACTED: Research on Application of Automatic Weather Station Based on Internet of Things
Authors: Jianyun Chen , Yunfan Sun , Chunyan Lin 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
In this paper, the Internet of Things is briefly introduced, and then its application in the weather station is studied. A method of data acquisition and transmission based on NB-iot communication mode is proposed, Introduction of Internet of things technology, Sensor digital and independent power supply as the technical basis, In the construction of Automatic To realize the intelligent interconnection of the automatic weather station, and then to form an automatic weather station based on the Internet of things. A network structure of automatic weather station based on Internet of things technology is constructed to realize the independent operation of intelligent sensors and wireless data transmission. Research on networking data collection and dissemination of meteorological data, through the data platform for data analysis, the preliminary work of meteorological information publishing standards, networking of meteorological information receiving terminal provides the data interface, to the wisdom of the city, the wisdom of the purpose of the meteorological service.
Precarity, Inequality, and the Problem of Agency in the Study of the Life Course
Authors: Dannefer Dale , Huang, MGS Wenxuan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAlthough long neglected, the themes of inequality and the differentiating consequences of structurally organized constraints and opportunities for individuals have recently become a major theme of scholars in aging and life-course studies. Beyond the evidence of intracohort patterns of cumulative dis/advantage in health and resources, recent societal trends of increasing inequality have added another dimension of theoretical interest and practical urgency to these concerns. These trends have been noteworthy both for the dramatic increase and for their planetary breadth, affecting Asia and Europe as well as America. Both researchers and popular writers have observed the growing importance of the precariat, an emerging subpopulation with tenuous connection to the primary economy encompasses individuals of every age. At the same time, individual agency and related concepts such as “choice” and “decision-making” continue regularly to appear as featured terms in studies of life course and related fields. Such concepts accord a strong explanatory force to the individual, and continue to be widely accepted as unproblematic and legitimate. This article examines the relevance of these two domains of life-course scholarship in analyzing an urgent contemporary problem—struggles associated with the “transition to adulthood” and the situation of young adults. Young people confronting this transition have been the focus of both the celebration of agency and of the growing attention on inequality and adversity and its effects on vulnerable periods and key transitions in the life course. Their situation provides an opportunity to resolve some of the tensions between perspectives that emphasize agency and those that emphasize inequality.
Construction of the third-generation Zea mays haplotype map
Authors: Bukowski Robert , Guo Xiaosen , Lu Yanli , Zou Cheng , He Bing , Rong Zhengqin , Wang Bo , Xu Dawen , Yang Bicheng , Xie Chuanxiao , Fan Longjiang , Gao Shibin , Xu Xun , Zhang Gengyun , Li Yingrui , Jiao Yinping , Doebley John F , Ross-Ibarra Jeffrey , Lorant Anne , Buffalo Vince , Romay M Cinta , Buckler Edward S , Ware Doreen , Lai Jinsheng , Sun Qi , Xu Yunbi 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Background
Characterization of genetic variations in maize has been challenging, mainly due to deterioration of collinearity between individual genomes in the species. An international consortium of maize research groups combined resources to develop the maize haplotype version 3 (HapMap 3), built from whole-genome sequencing data from 1218 maize lines, covering predomestication and domesticated Zea mays varieties across the world.

Results
A new computational pipeline was set up to process more than 12 trillion bp of sequencing data, and a set of population genetics filters was applied to identify more than 83 million variant sites.

Conclusions
We identified polymorphisms in regions where collinearity is largely preserved in the maize species. However, the fact that the B73 genome used as the reference only represents a fraction of all haplotypes is still an important limiting factor.
Psychometric Evaluation of the E-cigarette Dependence Scale
Authors: Morean Meghan E , Krishnan-Sarin Suchitra , Sussman Steve , Foulds Jonathan , Fishbein Howard , Grana Rachel , O’Malley Stephanie S 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Introduction
Psychometrically sound measures of e-cigarette dependence are lacking.

Methods
We modified the PROMIS Item Bank v1.0—Smoking: Nicotine Dependence for All Smokers for use with e-cigarettes and evaluated the psychometrics of the 22-, 8-, and 4-item adapted versions, referred to as The E-cigarette dependence scale (EDS). Adults (1009) who reported using e-cigarettes at least weekly completed an anonymous survey in summer 2016 (50.2% male, 77.1% White, mean age 35.81 [10.71], 66.4% daily e-cigarette users, 72.6% current cigarette smokers). Psychometric analyses included confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency, measurement invariance, examination of mean-level differences, convergent validity, and test-criterion relationships with e-cigarette use outcomes.

Results
All EDS versions had confirmable, internally consistent latent structures that were scalar invariant by sex, race, e-cigarette use (nondaily/daily), e-liquid nicotine content (no/yes), and current cigarette smoking status (no/yes). Daily e-cigarette users, nicotine e-liquid users, and cigarette smokers reported being more dependent on e-cigarettes than their counterparts. All EDS versions correlated strongly with one another, evidenced convergent validity with the Penn State E-cigarette Dependence Index and time to first e-cigarette use in the morning, and evidenced test-criterion relationships with vaping frequency, e-liquid nicotine concentration, and e-cigarette quit attempts. Similar results were observed when analyses were conducted within subsamples of exclusive e-cigarette users and duals-users of cigarettes and e-cigarettes.

Conclusions
Each EDS version evidenced strong psychometric properties for assessing e-cigarette dependence in adults who either use e-cigarette exclusively or who are dual-users of cigarettes and e-cigarettes. However, results indicated little benefit of the longer versions over the 4-item EDS, which provides an efficient assessment of e-cigarette dependence.

Implications
The availability of the novel, psychometrically sound EDS can further research on a wide range of questions related to e-cigarette use and dependence. In addition, the overlap between the EDS and the original PROMIS that was developed for assessing nicotine dependence to cigarettes provides consistency within the field.
AIDS-Defining Illnesses at Initial Diagnosis of HIV in a Large Guatemalan Cohort
Authors: Reinhardt Samuel W , Spec Andrej , Meléndez Johanna , Alonzo Cordon Andrea , Ross Ian , Powderly William G , Mejia Villatoro Carlos 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundAnecdotal evidence suggests that a high proportion of patients diagnosed with HIV in Guatemala present with AIDS. There remain limited data on the epidemiology of AIDS-defining illnesses (ADIs) in Central America.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of all patients living with HIV at the largest HIV clinic in Guatemala. Charts were analyzed for clinical and demographic data. Presence of an ADI was assessed by US Centers for Disease Control definitions; patients who presented with an ADI were compared with those without ADI using descriptive statistics.ResultsOf 3686 patients living with HIV, 931 (25.3%) had an ADI at HIV diagnosis, 748 (80.3%) of whom had CD4 counts lower than 200 cells/mm3. Those with ADIs were more likely to be male (67.5% vs 54.6%; P &lt; .0001) and heterosexual (89.4% vs 85.0%; P = .005). The most common ADIs were Mycobacterium tuberculosis (55.0%), Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (13.7%), esophageal candidiasis (13.4%), and histoplasmosis (11.4%). Histoplasmosis and HIV wasting syndrome were both more common among rural patients.ConclusionsIn this large Guatemalan cohort of patients currently living with HIV, a significant portion presented with an ADI. These data inform the most common ADIs diagnosed among survivors, show that histoplasmosis is more commonly diagnosed in rural patients, and suggest that HIV wasting syndrome may reflect missed histoplasmosis diagnoses.
Pedicled Vascularized Bone Grafts for Posterior Occipitocervical and Cervicothoracic Fusion: A Cadaveric Feasibility Study
Authors: Bohl Michael A , Mooney Michael A , Catapano Joshua S , Almefty Kaith K , Turner Jay D , Chang Steve W , Preul Mark C , Reece Edward M , Kakarla U Kumar 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Arthrodesis is critical for achieving favorable outcomes in reconstructive spine surgery. Vascularized bone grafts (VBGs) have been successfully used to augment fusion rates in a variety of skeletal pathologies, and pedicled VBG has numerous advantages over free transfer VBG. Pedicled VBG has not previously been described for the posterior occipitocervicothoracic spine.

OBJECTIVE
To identify, describe, and assess potential donor sites for pedicled VBGs from occiput to T12 using a cadaver model and to describe important technical considerations for graft harvest and placement.

METHODS
A multidisciplinary team of plastic surgeons and neurosurgeons hypothesized that it is feasible to rotate a pedicled VBG from the occiput to T12 via a posterior approach. In 6 cadavers, 3 VBG donor sites were identified as anatomically feasible: occiput, scapula, and rib.

RESULTS
Split- and full-thickness occipital VBGs were mobilized on a semispinalis pedicle. Occipital VBGs could be mobilized from occiput to T1 and span up to 4 levels. Scapular VBGs were mobilized on a subscapular pedicle and could be mobilized from occiput to T7 and span up to 8 levels. Rib VBGs were mobilized on subcostal pedicles and could be mobilized from C6 to T12. Ribs T2 to T4 and T11 and T12 could cover 2 levels, and ribs T5 to T10 could cover 3 levels. The first rib was anatomically unsuitable as a VBG due to its primarily ventral course.

CONCLUSION
Pedicled VBGs can feasibly be applied to posterior spinal arthrodesis from occiput to T12. Patients at high risk for nonunion may benefit from this strategy.
The Competitive Landscape of High-Frequency Trading Firms
Authors: Boehmer Ekkehart , Li Dan , Saar Gideon 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
We examine product differentiation in the high-frequency trading (HFT) industry, where the “products” are secretive proprietary trading strategies. We demonstrate how principal component analysis can be used to detect underlying strategies common to multiple HFT firms and show that there are three product categories with distinct attributes. We study how HFT competition in each product category affects the market environment and present evidence that indicates how it influences the short-horizon volatility of stocks as well as the viability of trading venues.
Received October 10, 2016; editorial decision September 30, 2017 by Editor Itay Goldstein. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy Versus Multiple Posterior Column Osteotomies in Severe and Rigid Neuromuscular Scoliosis
Authors: Bekmez Senol , Ozhan Mehmet , Olgun Zeynep Deniz , Suzer Anil , Ayvaz Mehmet , Demirkiran Halil Gokhan , Karaagaoglu Ergun , Yazici Muharrem 
Published: December 2017

Study Design.
Retrospective analysis.

Objective.
The aim of this study is to compare the safety and efficacy of the apical pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) technique with multiple posterior column osteotomies (PCOs) in nonambulatory patients with severe, rigid neuromuscular scoliosis.

Summary of Background Data.
Neuromuscular scoliosis frequently causes intolerance to sitting due to pelvic obliquity, trunk decompensation, and associated back and rib impingement pain which diminish the patient's functional capacity. In the case of rigid curves, spinal osteotomy techniques are occasionally required for effective correction.

Methods.
We retrospectively reviewed our patients with severe and rigid neuromuscular scoliosis with associated pelvic obliquity who were treated with posterior instrumented fusion extending to pelvis with more than 1-year postoperative follow-up. We compared radiological and clinical results of PSO and multiple PCO techniques in severe rigid neuromuscular scoliosis with pelvic obliquity of more than 15° in traction radiograph under general anesthesia. Hospital records were also reviewed for operative time, intraoperative blood loss, amount of blood transfusion, duration of hospital stay, and complications.

Results.
There were 12 patients in the PSO group and 10 patients in the PCO group. There was no significant difference between groups in terms of major curve magnitude, sagittal parameters or pelvic obliquity. Although not statistically significant, PSO technique did trend toward better scoliosis correction (post-op Cobb angle 56.1° vs. 66.7° [P = 0.415]). PSO technique provided a significantly better correction in pelvic obliquity (59% vs. 84%) (P = 0.001). There was no significant difference in average intraoperative blood loss, transfusion, and operative times including anesthesia time, hospital stay, or complications.

Conclusion.
PSO may be an option in correction of severe and rigid neuromuscular scoliosis. It provides better correction of pelvic obliquity without increasing operative time, need for transfusion, or duration of hospitalization as compared to multiple apical PCO technique. Traction radiograph under general anesthesia is a valuable tool in surgical decision making.

Level of Evidence: 4