bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meta-analysis of operative experiences of general surgery trainees during training
Authors: Elsey E J , Griffiths G , Humes D J , West J 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Background
General surgical training curricula around the world set defined operative numbers to be achieved before completion of training. However, there are few studies reporting total operative experience in training. This systematic review aimed to quantify the published global operative experience at completion of training in general surgery.

Methods
Electronic databases were searched systematically for articles in any language relating to operative experience in trainees completing postgraduate general surgical training. Two reviewers independently assessed citations for inclusion using agreed criteria. Studies were assessed for quantitative data in addition to study design and purpose. A meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model of studies with appropriate data.

Results
The search resulted in 1979 titles for review. Of these, 24 studies were eligible for inclusion in the review and data from five studies were used in the meta-analysis. Studies with published data of operative experience at completion of surgical training originated from the USA (19), UK (2), the Netherlands (1), Spain (1) and Thailand (1). Mean total operative experience in training varied from 783 procedures in Thailand to 1915 in the UK. Meta-analysis produced a mean pooled estimate of 1366 (95 per cent c.i. 1026 to 1707) procedures per trainee at completion of training. There was marked heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 99·6 per cent).

Conclusion
There is a lack of robust data describing the operative experiences of general surgical trainees outside the USA. The number of surgical procedures performed by general surgeons in training varies considerably across the world.
President's Page
Authors: Connaway Lynn Silipigni 
Published: December 2016

EDITOR'S SUMMARYThe 2016 ASIS&T Annual Meeting in Copenhagen was the first major event opening Lynn Silipigni Connaway's term as ASIS&T president for 2016–2017. Connaway expressed thanks to the meeting co‐chairs for organizing a stimulating program with a variety of new and familiar events, attracting attendees from 37 countries. She recalled the SIG CON dedicated to Dick Hill, retiring as executive director. As Nadia Caidi steps down as Association president, Connaway recognized her leadership with plans to build on her initiatives to broaden membership, strengthen member engagement and support Association groups and other organizations dedicated to the information profession. Celebrations of the Association's 80th anniversary are being planned throughout the year to culminate at the 2017 Annual Meeting. Connaway noted other international chapter events in Italy, Barcelona and Taipei scheduled for fall 2017. She closed by inviting members to get involved in Association committees.
Interview with Yolande Nanayakkara
Authors: Travis Irene 
Published: December 2016

EDITOR'S SUMMARYYolande Nanayakkara has been selected as the first communications officer by ASIS&T, a role prompted by the Board's view that the organization needs to be more visible and to engage more effectively with international members. In an interview with ASIS&T Bulletin editor Irene Travis, Nanayakkara noted that ASIS&T seeks to break down geographical barriers and enhance the free exchange of ideas and networking. She intends to focus on consistent branding throughout communications and marketing, emphasizing the connection between information science and other fields of study and industries, and expanding use of technology to promote interaction. Nanayakkara looks forward to applying her personal creativity, academic background in organizational psychology and broad career experience in the management of nonprofits to help strengthen and build ASIS&T through innovative marketing and communications.
Increasing Patient Findability of Medical Research: Annotating Clinical Trials Using Standard Vocabularies
Authors: Panzer Michael 
Published: December 2016

EDITOR'S SUMMARYMultiple groups at Mayo Clinic organize knowledge with the aid of metadata for a variety of purposes. The ontology group focuses on consumer‐oriented health information using several controlled vocabularies to support and coordinate care providers, consumers, clinical knowledge and, as part of its research management, information on clinical trials. Poor findability, inconsistent indexing and specialized language undermined the goal of increasing trial participation. The ontology group designed a metadata framework addressing disorders and procedures, investigational drugs and clinical departments, adopted and translated the clinical terminology of SNOMED CT and RxNorm vocabularies to consumer language and coordinated terminology with Mayo's Consumer Health Vocabulary. The result enables retrieval of clinical trial information from multiple access points including conditions, procedures, drug names, organizations involved and trial phase. The jump in inquiries since the search site was revised and vocabularies were modified show evidence of success.
A Comparison of ddPCR and ARMS for detecting EGFR T790M status in ctDNA from advanced NSCLC patients with acquired EGFR‐TKI resistance
Authors: Wang Wenxian , Song Zhengbo , Zhang Yiping 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA sensitive and convenient method for detecting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) T790M mutations from circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with acquired EGFR‐TKI resistance would be desirable to direct patient sequential treatment strategy. A comparison of two platforms for detecting EGFR mutations in plasma ctDNA was undertaken. Plasma samples and tumor samples were collected from patients with acquired EGFR‐TKI resistance in Zhejiang Cancer Hospital from December 2014 to December 2015. Extracted ctDNA was analyzed using two platforms (Droplet Digital PCR and ARMS [dPCR]). A total of 108 patients were enrolled in this study. One hundred and eight patient plasma samples were detected by ddPCR and 75 were detected by ARMS. And 16 patients obtained tissue re‐biopsy, using ARMS assay for detecting EGFR T790M mutation. In all, 43.7% (47/108) had acquired T790M mutation by ddPCR. In 75 patient plasma samples, comparing ddPCR with ARMS, the rates of T790M mutation were 46.7% (35/75) and 25.3% (19/75) by ddPCR and ARMS, respectively. Of all, 16 patients both had tumor and plasma samples, the T790M mutation rates were 56.3% (9/16) by ARMS in tissue and 50.5% (8/16) by ddPCR in plasma ctDNA. The progression mode tended to gradual progression in T790M mutation patients (40.4%), but the T790M negative was inclined to the mode of dramatic progression (39.3%). The patients with T790M‐positive tumors had a longer time to disease progression after treatment with EGFR‐TKIs (median, 13.1 months vs. 10.8 months; P = 0.010) and overall survival (median, 35.3 months vs. 30.3 months; P = 0.214) compared with those with T790M‐negative patients. Our study demonstrates ddPCR assay may provide a highly sensitive method to detect EGFR T790M gene in plasma. And T790M‐positive patients have better clinical outcomes to EGFR‐TKIs than T790M‐negative patients.
Venous thromboembolism in metastatic urothelial carcinoma or variant histologies: incidence, associative factors, and effect on survival
Authors: Ramos Jorge D. , Casey Martin F. , Crabb Simon J. , Bamias Aristotelis , Harshman Lauren C. , Wong Yu‐Ning , Bellmunt Joaquim , De Giorgi Ugo , Ladoire Sylvain , Powles Thomas , Pal Sumanta K. , Niegisch Guenter , Recine Federica , Alva Ajjai , Agarwal Neeraj , Necchi Andrea , Vaishampayan Ulka N. , Rosenberg Jonathan E. , Galsky Matthew D. , Yu Evan Y. ,   RISC Investigators
Published: December 2016

AbstractVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is common in cancer patients. However, little is known about VTE risk in metastatic urothelial carcinoma or variant histologies (UC/VH). We sought to characterize the incidence, associative factors, including whether various chemotherapy regimens portend different risk, and impact of VTE on survival in metastatic UC/VH patients. Patients diagnosed with metastatic UC/VH from 2000 to 2013 were included in this multicenter retrospective, international study from 29 academic institutions. Cumulative and 6‐month VTE incidence rates were determined. The association of first‐line chemotherapy (divided into six groups) and other baseline characteristics on VTE were analyzed. Each chemotherapy treatment group and statistically significant baseline clinical characteristics were assessed in a multivariate, competing‐risk regression model. VTE patients were matched to non‐VTE patients to determine the impact of VTE on overall survival. In all, 1762 patients were eligible for analysis. There were 144 (8.2%) and 90 (5.1%) events cumulative and within the first 6 months, respectively. VTE rates based on chemotherapy group demonstrated no statistical difference when gemcitabine/cisplatin was used as the comparator. Non‐urotheilal histology (SHR: 2.67; 95% CI: 1.72–4.16, P < 0.001), moderate to severe renal dysfunction (SHR: 2.12; 95% CI: 1.26–3.59, P = 0.005), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) or CVD risk factors (SHR: 2.27; 95% CI: 1.49–3.45, P = 0.001) were associated with increased VTE rates. Overall survival was worse in patients with VTE (median 6.0 m vs. 10.2 m, P < 0.001). Thus, in metastatic UC/VH patients, VTE is common and has a negative impact on survival. We identified multiple associated potential risk factors, although different chemotherapy regimens did not alter risk.
Selectivity‐Enhancing Effect of a SCILL Catalyst in Butadiene Hydrogenation
Authors: Barth Theresa , Korth Wolfgang , Jess Andreas 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDirecting the selectivity towards one particular product in a series of consecutive reactions is challenging. Solid catalysts with an ionic liquid layer (SCILL) can be a tool to get a high selectivity of a desired intermediate. For the hydrogenation of butadiene, SCILL catalysts with palladium as active metal yield butene selectivities of up to 99 % even for full conversion of butadiene. Experimental results are presented which corroborate that the SCILL effect is mainly explained by competitive adsorption.
Large Areal Mass, Mechanically Tough and Freestanding Electrode Based on Heteroatom‐doped Carbon Nanofibers for Flexible Supercapacitors
Authors: Liu Rong , Ma Lina , Mei Jia , Huang Shu , Yang Shaoqiang , Li Enyuan , Yuan Guohui 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA flexible and freestanding supercapacitor electrode with a N,P‐co‐doped carbon nanofiber network (N,P‐CNFs)/graphene (GN) composite loaded on bacterial cellulose (BC) is first designed and fabricated in a simple, low‐cost, and effective approach. The porous structure and excellent mechanical properties make the BC paper an ideal substrate that shows a large areal mass of 8 mg cm−2. As a result, the flexible N,P‐CNFs/GN/BC paper electrode shows appreciable areal capacitance (1990 mF cm−2 in KOH and 2588 mF cm−2 in H2SO4 electrolytes) without sacrificing gravimetric capacitance (248.8 F g−1 and 323.5 F g−1), exhibits excellent cycling ability (without capacity loss after 20 000 cycles), and remarkable tensile strength (42.8 MPa). By direct coupling of two membrane electrodes, the symmetric supercapacitor delivers a prominent areal capacitance of 690 mF cm−2 in KOH and 898 mF cm−2 in H2SO4, and remarkable power/energy density (19.98 mW cm−2/0.096 mW h cm−2 in KOH and 35.01 mW cm−2/0.244 mW h cm−2 in H2SO4). Additionally, it shows stable behavior in both bent and flat states. These results promote new opportunities for N,P‐CNFs/GN/BC paper electrodes as high areal performance, freestanding electrodes for flexible supercapacitors.
Dithienyl Acenedithiophenediones as New π‐Extended Quinoidal Cores: Synthesis and Properties
Authors: Kawabata Kohsuke , Osaka Itaru , Sawamoto Masanori , Zafra José L. , Mayorga Burrezo Paula , Casado Juan , Takimiya Kazuo 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe have synthesized two isomeric pairs of benzo‐ and naphthodithiophenediones with two flanking thiophenes and characterized them by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis, cyclic voltammetry, steady‐state optical electronic absorption and emission spectroscopies, transient absorption spectroscopy, and vibrational spectroscopies with in situ spectroelectrochemistry techniques, and then compared them with the thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene‐2,5‐dione counterpart that we previously reported. The results show that the central acenedithiophenedione cores have quinoidal conjugation with closed‐shell character. The π‐extension of the quinoidal core raises (lowers) the HOMO (LUMO) energy levels of the triads, resulting in the drastic reduction of their energy gaps from approximately 2.0 eV to 1.1 eV. Owing to the electron‐withdrawing nature of the carbonyl terminal group at the quinoidal core, the triads have low‐lying LUMO energy levels ranging from −3.9 eV to −4.3 eV, and can be regarded as strong electron‐acceptor building units. Interestingly, the pairs of structural isomers have similar electronic structures in both the neutral and charged states despite the different shapes (linear and angular) and/or symmetry (C2h and C2v) of the acenedithiophenedione cores.
Cyclopropane‐Based Peptidomimetics Mimicking Wide‐Ranging Secondary Structures of Peptides: Conformational Analysis and Their Use in Rational Ligand Optimization
Authors: Mizuno Akira , Kameda Tomoshi , Kuwahara Tomoki , Endoh Hideyuki , Ito Yoshihiko , Yamada Shizuo , Hasegawa Kimiko , Yamano Akihito , Watanabe Mizuki , Arisawa Mitsuhiro , Shuto Satoshi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDetailed conformational analyses of our previously reported cyclopropane‐based peptidomimetics and conformational analysis‐driven ligand optimization are described. Computational calculations and X‐ray crystallography showed that the characteristic features of cyclopropane function effectively to constrain the molecular conformation in a three‐dimensionally diverse manner. Subsequent principal component analysis revealed that the diversity covers the broad chemical space filled by peptide secondary structures in terms of both main‐chain and side‐chain conformations. Based on these analyses, a lead stereoisomer targeting melanocortin receptors was identified, and its potency and subtype selectivity were improved by further derivatization. The presented strategy is effective not only for designing non‐peptidic ligands from a peptide ligand but also for the rational optimization of these ligands based on the plausible target‐binding conformation without requiring the three‐ dimensional structural information of the target and its peptide ligands.
Text message reminders increased colorectal cancer screening in a randomized trial with Alaska Native and American Indian people
Authors: Muller Clemma J. , Robinson Renee F. , Smith Julia J. , Jernigan Meghan A. , Hiratsuka Vanessa , Dillard Denise A. , Buchwald Dedra 
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUNDAlaska Native and American Indian people (AN/AIs) have a high incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) and CRC‐related mortality. Screening can prevent death from CRC, but screening rates are low in racially and ethnically diverse populations. The authors conducted a randomized controlled trial using text messaging to increase CRC screening among unscreened AN/AIs in a tribal health care system in Anchorage, Alaska.METHODSThe intervention entailed up to 3 text messages sent 1 month apart. The authors randomized 2386 AN/AIs aged 40 to 75 years who were eligible for CRC screening to the intervention or usual‐care control conditions. Screening status was ascertained from electronic health records 3 months and 6 months after the last text message. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention, stratified by age and sex.RESULTSThe intervention increased CRC screening for AN/AIs aged 50 to 75 years (HR, 1.42; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.97‐2.09) and aged 40 to 49 years (HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.95‐1.62). Within both age groups, the HRs were higher for women (HR, 1.69 [95% CI, 1.02‐2.80] and HR, 1.37 [95% CI, 1.01‐1.88]) compared with men (HR, 1.09 [95% CI, 0.59‐1.99] and HR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.54‐1.53]). Interaction analysis yielded P values of .55 and .09, respectively, for age and sex.CONCLUSIONSA simple text messaging intervention was found to increase CRC screening rates in AN/AIs, a group with high CRC morbidity and mortality. Text messaging may be a cost‐effective means of reducing CRC screening disparities in AN/AIs and other populations. Cancer 2017;123:1382–1389. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Impact of concomitant chemoradiation on survival for patients with T1‐2N1 head and neck cancer
Authors: Zumsteg Zachary S. , Kim Sungjin , David John M. , Yoshida Emi J. , Tighiouart Mourad , Shiao Stephen L. , Scher Kevin , Mita Alain , Sherman Eric J. , Lee Nancy Y. , Ho Allen S. 
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUNDSingle‐modality radiotherapy is considered a standard‐of‐care option for certain stage III, T1‐2N1 head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). The role of concomitant chemoradiation is not well established because there have been no studies comparing chemoradiation with radiation alone in this population.METHODSThis study analyzed patients in the National Cancer Data Base with cT1‐2N1M0 invasive squamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx who were diagnosed between 2004 and 2012 and were undergoing definitive radiation. Patients who were undergoing surgery before radiation with unknown follow‐up or for whom either the receipt or timing of chemotherapy was unknown were excluded.RESULTSIn all, 5030 patients with T1‐2N1 oropharyngeal, laryngeal, or hypopharyngeal cancer were included. The median follow‐up was 56.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 55.7‐58.6 months). Overall, 68% of the patients received concomitant chemoradiation (CCRT). The use of CCRT significantly increased during the time period of this study from 53% in 2004 to 78% in 2012 (P < .001). CCRT was associated with improved overall survival (OS) in comparison with radiation alone in a multivariate analysis (hazard ratio [HR], 0.80; 95% CI, 0.72‐0.88; P < .001). In propensity score–adjusted analyses, CCRT remained significantly associated with improved OS, with 5‐year OS rates of 63.5% (95% CI, 60.7%‐66.2%) and 55.6% (95% CI, 52.7%‐58.4%; P < .001) with CCRT and radiation alone, respectively. Subgroup analyses showed a benefit across the majority of subgroups, including patients with oropharyngeal cancer (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.65‐0.85; P < .001).CONCLUSIONSConcomitant chemoradiation is associated with improved survival for patients with T1‐2N1 HNSCC. Prospective trials in this population should be pursued. Cancer 2017;123:1555–1565. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Predictors of multidomain decline in health‐related quality of life after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for prostate cancer
Authors: Dess Robert T. , Jackson William C. , Suy Simeng , Soni Payal D. , Lee Jae Y. , Abugharib Ahmed E. , Zumsteg Zachary S. , Feng Felix Y. , Hamstra Daniel A. , Collins Sean P. , Spratt Daniel E. 
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUNDStereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for localized prostate cancer involves high‐dose‐per‐fraction radiation treatments. Its use is increasing, but concerns remain about treatment‐related toxicity. The authors assessed the incidence and predictors of a global decline in health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) after prostate SBRT.METHODSFrom 2008 to 2014, 713 consecutive men with localized prostate cancer received treatment with SBRT according to a prospective institutional protocol. Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC‐26) HRQOL data were collected at baseline and longitudinally for 5 years. EPIC‐26 is comprised of 5 domains. The primary endpoint was defined as a decline exceeding the clinically detectable threshold in ≥4 EPIC‐26 domains, termed multidomain decline.RESULTSThe median age was 69 years, 46% of patients had unfavorable intermediate‐risk or high‐risk disease, and 20% received androgen‐deprivation therapy. During 1 to 3 months and 6 to 60 months after SBRT, 8% to 15% and 10% to 11% of patients had multidomain declines, respectively. On multivariable analysis, lower baseline bowel HRQOL (odds ratio, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.2‐2.7; P < .01) and baseline depression (odds ratio, 5.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.3‐24.3; P = .02) independently predicted for multidomain decline. Only 3% to 4% of patients had long‐term multidomain declines exceeding twice the clinical threshold, and 30% of such declines appeared to be related to prostate cancer treatment or progression of disease.CONCLUSIONSProstate SBRT has minimal long‐term impact on multidomain decline, and the majority of more significant multidomain declines appear to be unrelated to treatment. This emphasizes the importance of focusing not only on the side effects of prostate cancer treatment but also on other comorbid illnesses that contribute to overall HRQOL. Cancer 2017;123:1635–1642. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Precipitation and Crystallization Kinetics in Silica Gardens
Authors: Glaab Fabian , Rieder Julian , Klein Regina , Choquesillo‐Lazarte Duane , Melero‐Garcia Emilio , García‐Ruiz Juan‐Manuel , Kunz Werner , Kellermeier Matthias 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSilica gardens are extraordinary plant‐like structures resulting from the complex interplay of relatively simple inorganic components. Recent work has highlighted that macroscopic self‐assembly is accompanied by the spontaneous formation of considerable chemical gradients, which induce a cascade of coupled dissolution, diffusion, and precipitation processes occurring over timescales as long as several days. In the present study, this dynamic behavior was investigated for silica gardens based on iron and cobalt chloride by means of two synchrotron‐based techniques, which allow the determination of concentration profiles and time‐resolved monitoring of diffraction patterns, thus giving direct insight into the progress of dissolution and crystallization phenomena in the system. On the basis of the collected data, a kinetic model is proposed to describe the relevant reactions on a fundamental physicochemical level. The results show that the choice of the metal cations (as well as their counterions) is crucial for the development of silica gardens in both the short and long term (i.e. during tube formation and upon subsequent slow equilibration), and provide important clues for understanding the properties of related structures in geochemical and industrial environments.