bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of the Two-in-One Device; Ignition Coil and Spark Plug Testing Instrument
Authors: Guillermo Allan Q. , Bajet, Jr. Manuel A. , Tolentino Dominador F. 
Published: March 2016

Technological modernization and invention have brought convenience that life has become fulfilling, and they give amusement to our lives. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Ignition Coil and Spark Plug Instrument that can be used to determine the condition of an Ignition coil through high voltage output and also spark plug through visible spark. It made use of project and experimental method of research. This was accomplished in three phases namely: the making of the design for the device, constructing the device and testing the device functionality through actual observation. Group of experts coming from the automotive and electronic sectors evaluated the effectiveness of the automotive testing instrument. A five-point Likert scale was used to find the mean product and the descriptive rating in terms of usefulness, effectives, functionality, reliability and safety. The results of the study revealed that the output voltage and frequency are directly proportional to the resistance of network Ra, but inversely proportional to resistance network Rb in the circuit.Â The output frequency is directly proportional to the output voltage. The evaluation of the group of experts in terms of usefulness, effectiveness, functionality, reliability and safety was rated excellent respectively. The device is an instrument for automotive technicians in testing ignition coil and spark plugs. The researchers recommended further study about the device for its safety because based on the result it has the least rating among the different standards although it was evaluated as â€œExcellent.â€Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Keywords â€“ Engineering, development, ignition, spark plug, testing instrument, R and D, Vigan City, Philippines
Growth and Yield Performance of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Lines in Pampanga, Philippines
Authors: Gatan Mary Grace 
Published: March 2016

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea Linn) is grown on nearly 23.95 million hectares worldwide with a total production of 36.45 million tons. In the country, peanut is one of the food legumes with commercial importance that contributed much to domestic earnings. There are promising peanut lines that need to be evaluated to pass the National Seed Industry Council (NSIC) Certification. Hence, the National Cooperative Trials from 2011-2014 were conducted to evaluate their agronomic characteristics, reaction to diseases and yield potential in Pampanga, Philippines. Experimental trials were laid out following Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Data were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and treatment means were compared using Least Significant Difference (LSD). At wet season trials, results revealed significant differences in all treatments relative to days to flower, number of pods/plant, weight of 100 seeds, shelling percentage and pod yield except days to maturity.Â The ICGV 00350 and ICGV 99046 obtained the highest pod yield with 2.1 and of 2.4 tons/ha, respectively. During dry season, significant differences were noted among peanut lines in relation to days to flower, days to maturity, number of pods/ plant, weight of 100 seeds, shelling percentage and pod yield (tons/ha). The ICGV 01273 out yielded the 10 peanut lines.Â Keywordsâ€” Agriculture, National Cooperative Trials, Arachis hypogaea, experimental trials, Philippines, Asia
Age, Residence, Parents' Educational Attainment and Exposure to Media Affect Students' Learning Styles
Authors: Balallo Elvin , Bajet Paz Crizzle 
Published: March 2016

Most students are unaware of their learning styles and emotional intelligence. Thus, it is important to know one's learning styles and emotional intelligence because they can be used to increase self-awareness as to their strengths and weaknesses as learners. The study determined the learning styles and emotional intelligence of the students in the College of Technology of University of Northern Philippines, Philippines. The study utilized descriptive-correlational method of research. Results showed that student respondents have an overall high level of learning style in all of its three dimensions: visual, auditory, and kinesthetic. Also, they have an overall high level of emotional intelligence in all of its dimensions. The overall level of learning styles of the respondents is significantly related with self-motivation while visual learning style is significantly linked to self-regulation. Likewise, auditory learning style is significantly related to self-awareness, self-motivation, social skills and the overall level of emotional intelligence. Meanwhile, kinesthetic learning style is significantly related to social awareness and self-motivation. The university should conduct an assessment of learning preferences of the students to determine their strengths and weaknesses. Likewise, emotional intelligence tests should be given to students to provide essential data on the attitudes of these students.
Artificial ionospheric layers driven by high‐frequency radiowaves: An assessment
Authors: Mishin Evgeny , Watkins Brenton , Lehtinen Nikolai , Eliasson Bengt , Pedersen Todd , Grach Savely 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHigh‐power ordinary mode radio waves produce artificial ionization in the F region ionosphere at the European Incoherent Scatter (Tromsø, Norway) and High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (Gakona, Alaska, USA) facilities. We have summarized the features of the excited plasma turbulence and descending layers of freshly ionized (“artificial”) plasma. The concept of an ionizing wavefront created by accelerated suprathermal electrons appears to be in accordance with the data. The strong Langmuir turbulence (SLT) regime is revealed by the specific spectral features of incoherent radar backscatter and stimulated electromagnetic emissions. Theory predicts that the SLT acceleration is facilitated in the presence of photoelectrons. This agrees with the intensified artificial plasma production and the greater speeds of descent but weaker incoherent radar backscatter in the sunlit ionosphere. Numerical investigation of propagation of O‐mode waves and the development of SLT and descending layers have been performed. The greater extent of the SLT region at the magnetic zenith than that at vertical appears to make magnetic zenith injections more efficient for electron acceleration and descending layers. At high powers, anomalous absorption is suppressed, leading to the Langmuir and upper hybrid processes during the whole heater on period. The data suggest that parametric upper hybrid interactions mitigate anomalous absorption at heating frequencies far from electron gyroharmonics and also generate SLT in the upper hybrid layer. The persistence of artificial plasma at the terminal altitude depends on how close the heating frequency is to the local gyroharmonic.
Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Griffis Eric R 
Published: March 2016

AbstractFluorescence microscopy is an essential technique that allows scientists to visualise molecules (proteins, nucleic acids, ions, metabolites, carbohydrates and lipids), large structures and whole cells in fixed and living specimens as well as single molecules, assemblies and enzymesin vitro. Using multiple different imaging modalities, scientists have adapted fluorescence microscopy to advance our knowledge in all areas of biology and across length scales that range from tens of millimetres to a few nanometres.Key ConceptsFluorescence is an intrinsic property of some molecules and proteins that causes them to absorb and then emit light at given wavelengths.Fluorescence imaging systems are built to excite molecules and then collect the emitted photons.There are many different imaging techniques that can be used for interrogating different types of specimens and obtaining different kinds of data.Localisation of molecules is only one of many readouts that scientists can obtain from fluorescence microscopy.Imaging resolution has been limited to a diffraction limit based on the nature of our ability to collect fluorescence light through the objective, but new techniques have allowed for imaging to almost arbitrary precision.
Asymmetric Cell Division inDrosophilaNeuroblasts
Authors: Koe Chwee Tat , Wang Hongyan 
Published: March 2016

AbstractNeuronal diversity provides the basis for brain complexity. Asymmetric division of neural stem cells is a fundamental strategy for generating such diversity.Drosophilaneural stem cells called neuroblasts emerge as a key model for in‐depth understanding of asymmetric division. Asymmetric division of neuroblasts is regulated by a group of highly conserved intrinsic factors through three critical steps: establishment of cortical polarity, mitotic spindle orientation and asymmetric localisation/segregation of cell fate determinants. With each round of asymmetric division, a neuroblast generates a new neuroblast to self‐renew and a ganglion mother cell (GMC) that divides terminally giving rise to two neurons. In addition, neuroblasts acquire different temporal identities that contribute to the differential neurons subtypes generated.Key ConceptsAsymmetric cell division is regulated by intrinsic machinery.Par complex establishes cortical polarity of neuroblasts.Pins–Gαi complex regulates spindle orientation.Basal cell fate determinants promote neuronal differentiation.Cell cycle regulators regulate asymmetric division of neuroblasts.Positioning of cleavage furrow is regulated by two temporally independent pathways.Temporal regulation of neuroblasts generates neuronal diversity.
The Role of Phytochromes in Triggering Plant Developmental Transitions
Authors: Kaiserli Eirini , Chory Joanne 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Light is an essential stimulus for energy production, plant growth, development and adaptation to constantly changing environmental conditions. Plants sense different wavelengths of light through the action of specialised families of photoreceptor proteins. The molecular and physiological role of the phytochrome family of red/far‐red light receptors is well characterised. Upon light activation, phytochromes trigger multicomponent signalling cascades to induce fundamental cellular processes ranging from gene expression to protein abundance and nuclear architecture to regulate various aspects of plant development. Phytochrome responses are cell autonomous but in some cases mediate interorgan communication to control major developmental and adaptive responses such as flowering initiation and shade avoidance. Reciprocal interactions and integration between phytochrome and circadian signalling pathways are essential for optimising growth and reproductive success during the life cycle of the model plant
Arabidopsis thaliana
.

Key Concepts

Light is a vital informational signal for plant survival and growth.

The phytochrome family of plant photoreceptors acts as molecular photoswitches in response to red and far‐red light.

Plant phytochrome signal transduction regulates molecular and cellular processes.

Phytochromes induce cell‐autonomous responses and interorgan communication.

Phytochromes regulate light‐induced developmental transitions as well as adaptation to growth under dense canopy.

Plant phytochromes have antagonistic and synergistic roles in regulating photoperiodic flowering in
Arabidopsis
.

Phytochromes inform the endogenous clock about seasonal and daily changes to optimise plant growth and establish reproductive success.
Depression
Authors: Kaska Sophia , Mazei‐Robison Michelle 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDepression, a debilitating illness characterised by a persistent depressed mood that impairs normal function, exerts an enormous health and financial cost worldwide. Diagnosis of depression is complex, as not all people experience the same symptoms, with diagnosis based on a series of questions as no biological test is currently available. This is due to the fact that the causes of depression have yet to be fully elucidated, although development of depression appears to be dependent on both genetic and environmental factors. While there is no cure for depression, psychological, pharmacological and brain stimulation approaches successfully manage the symptoms of many patients. However, there are patients that are refractive to current treatments, highlighting the need for improved diagnostics and therapeutics. For this, increased understanding of the neurobiology underlying depression is necessary, requiring further research utilising both animal models of depression and human clinical studies.Key ConceptsThe diagnosis of depression is complex, is based on the types and duration of the symptoms and is commonly complicated by the presence of comorbid conditions.While there is no cure for depression, symptoms of depression can be managed through a variety of cognitive, pharmacological and brain stimulation approaches.Depression is thought to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors.Human imaging studies suggest that depression is correlated with activity changes in multiple brain regions.Animal models are necessary to investigate the neurobiological mechanisms that lead to depression and to test novel therapeutic strategies.
Network Theory and Models
Authors: Oh Poong , Monge Peter 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This entry introduces the theory and models of communication networks as a powerful tool for examining the structural complexity and underlying dynamics of human communication. The first section provides a brief overview of the historical background on which network thinking was born and discusses its implications. The second section reviews early studies on communication networks and introduces several important network concepts such as centrality and structural holes. The third section focuses on the recent developments in network research, which has been facilitated by the availability of digital data since the 1990s.
Multifunktionale Beschichtung verbessert Zelladhäsion auf Titan durch kooperativ wirkende Peptide
Authors: Pagel Mareen , Hassert Rayk , John Torsten , Braun Klaus , Wießler Manfred , Abel Bernd , Beck‐Sickinger Annette G. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Verbesserung der Zelladhäsion auf einer Biomaterialoberfläche ist entscheidend für den Langzeiterfolg eines Titanimplantats. Ein neues Konzept ist die Kombination aus sehr affiner und stabiler Adhäsion an Titanoberflächen mit spezifisch zellbindenden Motiven in einem Molekül. Ein l‐3,4‐Dihydroxyphenylalanin‐haltiges Peptid wurde synthetisiert und auf seine Affinität für Titan untersucht. Die Modifizierung mit einem cyclischen RGD‐Peptid und einem Heparin‐Bindepeptid (HBP) gelang mittels einer effizienten Festphasenkombination aus einer Diels‐Alder‐Reaktion mit inversem Elektronenbedarf und einer CuI‐katalysierten Azid‐Alkin‐Cycloaddition. Darüber hinaus wurde das Peptid durch Thiol‐Michael‐Addition fluoreszenzmarkiert. Die Konjugation von RGD und HBP in einem Molekül führte zu verbesserter Ausbreitung, Proliferation, Viabilität und Entstehung eines gut ausgebildeten Aktinzytoskeletts sowie fokaler Adhäsionskomplexe von Osteoblast‐ähnlichen Zellen.
Total Syntheses of the Tetracyclic Cyclopiane Diterpenes Conidiogenone, Conidiogenol, and Conidiogenone B
Authors: Hou Si‐Hua , Tu Yong‐Qiang , Wang Shuang‐Hu , Xi Chao‐Chao , Zhang Fu‐Min , Wang Shao‐Hua , Li Yan‐Tao , Liu Lin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTotal syntheses of the biologically important and structurally unique tetracyclic diterpenes conidiogenone, conidiogenol, and conidiogenone B of the cyclopiane class are reported. The absolute configuration of naturally occurring conidiogenone B was also corrected. The key step of our strategy involved the highly efficient construction of both ring C and the quaternary carbon center shared by rings A and C through a one‐step regioselective and diastereoselective cycloenlargement in the form of a semipinacol‐type rearrangement. In particular, the desired regioselectivity was made possible by properly adjusting the migratory aptitude of the migrating carbon atom through the introduction of an electron‐donating phenylthio group at this position.
Zooarchaeology in Oceania: An overview
Authors: CRABTREE PAM J. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper explores several main themes in the zooarchaeology of Oceania, including the question of Pleistocene “overkill” and its relationship to island biogeography, human impacts on the indigenous faunal communities of Remote Oceania, the spread of the Pacific faunal package – pigs, dogs, chickens and the Pacific rat – throughout Oceania, and the impact of European colonialism on traditional hunting, foraging, fishing and animal husbandry regimes. The methodological implications of some of these big‐picture questions are also discussed briefly.
Causal Reasoning Under Ambiguity: An Illustration of Modeling Mixture Strategies
Authors: Shou Yiyun , Smithson Michael 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCausal reasoning with ambiguous observations requires subjects to estimate and evaluate the ambiguous observations. Detecting how people process ambiguous observations can be complicated by individual differences in causal reasoning. This paper proposes a hierarchical model that accounts for the uncertainty in both the distribution of the functional form selection and the distribution of the ambiguity treatment selection. The model provides an alternative to self‐report measures for identifying subjects' strategic choices in reasoning about causal relationships under ambiguity. The posterior distribution of the causal estimates is determined by both the functional form and the ambiguity processing strategy adopted by the reasoner. Our model is tested in a simulation study where it demonstrates its ability to recover the strategies and functional forms adopted by simulated subjects across a range of hypothetical conditions. In addition, the model is applied to the results of an experimental study. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigations on luminescence behaviour of Ce‐activated BaMgAl10O17 phosphor
Authors: Tigga Shalinta , Brahme Nameeta , Bisen D. P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe present paper describes the synthesis of cerium‐doped barium magnesium aluminate phosphor by combustion method. The crystal structure of synthesized phosphor belongs to the P63/mmc space group and is related to the β‐alumina structure. The photoluminescence emission spectra exhibited a broad peak centered at 440 nm showing the Ce3+ emission. The thermoluminescence properties of phosphors under ultraviolet irradiation were investigated. The activation energy was calculated by Chen's empirical method. Fracto‐mechanoluminescence properties were also investigated. The phosphor showed mechanoluminescence (ML) properties without irradiation and the ML intensity increased linearly with the impact height of the moving piston. Therefore this compound may have a use as a damage sensor. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of fluoxetine in pharmaceutical and biological samples based on the silver nanoparticle enhanced fluorescence of fluoxetine–terbium complex
Authors: Lotfi Ali , Manzoori Jamshid L. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn this study, a simple and sensitive spectrofluorimetric method is presented for the determination of fluoxetine based on the enhancing effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the terbium–fluoxetine fluorescence emission. The AgNPs were prepared by a simple reduction method and characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It was indicated that these AgNPs have a remarkable amplifying effect on the terbium‐sensitized fluorescence of fluoxetine. The effects of various parameters such as AgNP and Tb3+ concentration and the pH of the media were investigated. Under obtained optimal conditions, the fluorescence intensity of the terbium–fluoxetine–AgNP system was enhanced linearly by increasing the concentration of fluoxetine in the range of 0.008 to 19 mg/L. The limit of detection (b + 3s) was 8.3 × 10‐4 mg/L. The interference effects of common species found in real samples were also studied. The method had good linearity, recovery, reproducibility and sensitivity, and was satisfactorily applied for the determination of fluoxetine in tablet formulations, human urine and plasma samples. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generation and characterization of bovine bone marrow‐derived macrophage cell line
Authors: Xiao Jiajia , Xie Rongxia , Li Qiaoqiao , Chen Wuju , Zhang Yong 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMacrophages, as the forefront of innate immune defense, have an important role in the host responses to mycobacterial infection. Therefore, a stable macrophage cell line is needed for future bovine immune system research on the bacterial infection. In this study, we established a bovine macrophage cell line by introducing the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene into bovine bone marrow‐derived macrophages (bBMMs). The TERT‐bBMMs cells expressed macrophage surface antigen (CD11b, CD282) and upregulated expression of the cytokines IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐12, TNF‐α in response to bacterial invasion. These results demonstrate that this cell line provide reliable cell model system for future studies on interactions between the bovine macrophages and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Alumina‐Supported Metal Catalysts inside a Mesoporous Aluminum‐Silicate Shell: Nanoscale Reactors Prepared through the Transformation of MIL‐96(Al) Nanocrystals
Authors: Zhou Yao , Zeng Hua Chun 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPermeable mesoporous shells with a hollow interior are an important class of materials for the design and synthesis of nanoscale reactors and delivery vehicles. We started from Al‐based metal–organic framework MIL‐96(Al) nanocrystals, and herein we report a transformative method to prepare submicron reactors in which metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are supported by γ‐Al2O3 nanosheets and confined within a thin shell of mesoporous Al‐silicate (i.e., NPs/Al2O3@mAl‐silicate). As an example, such Pd/Al2O3@mAl‐silicate nanoreactors demonstrate a much higher catalytic stability than Pd protected within the hollow mAl‐silicate nanoshell and Pd supported on commercial Al2O3. As γ‐Al2O3 is an important catalyst support, such robust catalyst devices promise broad applications in catalysis.
Platinum‐Containing Polyoxometalates: syn‐ and anti‐[PtII2(α‐PW11O39)2]10− and Formation of the Metal–Metal‐Bonded di‐PtIII Derivatives
Authors: Lin Zhengguo , Izarova Natalya V. , Kondinski Aleksandar , Xing Xiaolin , Haider Ali , Fan Linyuan , Vankova Nina , Heine Thomas , Keita Bineta , Cao Jie , Hu Changwen , Kortz Ulrich 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe first examples of dimeric, di‐PtII‐containing heteropolytungstates are reported. The two isomeric di‐platinum(II)‐containing 22‐tungsto‐2‐phosphates [anti‐PtII2(α‐PW11O39)2]10− (1 a) and [syn‐PtII2(α‐PW11O39)2]10− (2 a) were synthesized in aqueous pH 3.5 medium using one‐pot procedures. Polyanions 1 a and 2 a contain a core comprising two face‐on PtO4 units, with a Pt⋅⋅⋅Pt distance of 2.9–3 Å. Both polyanions were investigated by single‐crystal XRD, IR, TGA, UV/Vis, 31P NMR, ESI‐MS, CID‐MS/MS, electrochemistry, and DFT. On the basis of DFT and electrochemistry, we demonstrated that the {Pt2II} moiety in 1 a and 2 a can undergo fully reversible two‐electron oxidation to {Pt2III}, accompanied by formation of a single Pt−Pt bond. Hence we have discovered the novel subclass of PtIII‐containing heteropolytungstates.
ChemInform Abstract: V2O2F4 (H2O)2·H2O: A New V4+ Layer Structure Related to VOF3.
Authors: Black Cameron , Lightfoot Philip 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSingle crystals of the title compound are prepared by hydrothermal reaction of VF3 and H2SeO3 in ethylene glycol/HF (40%) in the presence of Et2NH (autoclave, 393 K, 4 d).