bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tackling Food Waste in Urban Landscapes: A Systematic Review of Household Food Waste in Asian Countries
Authors: Andik Silvia Dewi Sagita , Rakowska Joanna 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The concern surrounding food waste is influenced by, among others, societal factors. Previous research suggests that urbanization has a significant impact on the food system, leading to increased food waste. Moreover, reducing food waste leads to sustainable production and consumption. Thus the aims of this research are to analyse the factors that influence food waste behavior in urban landscapes and to develop a solution to tackle food waste behavior among households in Asian countries. According to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, 41 articles were selected out of 7.058 papers retrieved from the Scopus database and Web of Sciences database and reviewed.. The results indicated that there were five domains essential in reducing household food waste, namely household attributes, psychological factors, behavioural factors, situational factors, and food attributes. The systematic review suggests that understanding the consumer needs, family needs, consumption pattern and increase the awareness of negative impact on food waste enables mitigating household food waste production in urban landscape.
JEL Codes : D12, D13, N35, Q01
Spheroid Morphology of Lung Cancer Cell Lines Correlates with Oncological Profiles
Authors: Oishi Kaido , Matsumoto Keitaro , Hashimoto Shintaro , Uchida Fumitake , Hara Ryosuke , Nishimuta Masato , Matsumoto Takamune , Iwatake Mayumi , Tomoshige Koichi , Doi Ryoichiro , Machino Ryusuke , Obata Tomohiro , Nagayasu Takeshi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

We assessed the correlation between Multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) morphology and the oncological profile of lung cancer cells. MCTS were generated in five lung cancer cell lines and classified into Type–A MCTS, which showed strong aggregation, and Type–B MCTS, which showed weak aggregation. Drug resistance was higher in Type–A MCTS, and invasive ability was higher in Type–B MCTS. The oncologic profile of lung cancer cell lines correlated with MCTS morphology. MCTS morphology could thus be used in basic oncology research and as a clinical prognostic tool.
Psychometric properties of the Arabic Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-5) in a non- clinical sample of Arabic-speaking adults
Authors: Sawma Toni , Nour Pio BD El , Malaeb Diana , Sakr Fouad , Dabbous Mariam , El-Khatib Sami , Fekih-Romdhane Feten , Hallit Souheil , Obeid Sahar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a highly prevalent psychological disorder with a frequent distribution among the general population and in primary care configurations. GAD-5 is one of the many present scales with little research on, but has the potential to orient clinical decisions due to its unique features. Validating a simple and cost-effective tool to assess the GAD in the Arabic-speaking population, primarily residing in the Middle-East and North-Africa (MENA) region, would be highly beneficial. The study aimed to translate GAD-5 into Arabic and evaluate its psychometric properties, including internal reliability, sex invariance, composite reliability, and correlation with a measure of psychological distress.
Methods: A total of 629 Arabic-speaking adults were recruited in May 2023. A self-administered anonymous survey was distributed through social media using a Google Forms link. We used the SPSS AMOS software v.28 to conduct the confirmatory factor analysis of the GAD-5 scale.
Results: The fit indices deriving from the confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the one-factor model of the GAD items was acceptable. The convergent validity for this model and the internal consistency of the scale were good. Configural, metric, and scalar invariance was supported across sex. A higher mean anxiety score was seen in females compared to males. Higher GAD-5 scores were significantly associated with higher anxiety, depression and stress as measured by the Depression, Anxiety and Stress 8 items (DASS-8) scale, showing convergent and concurrent validity.
Conclusion: Our findings confirmed the briefness, validity and reliability of the Arabic version of the GAD-5 scale which support its employment as a screening tool in the general population. Considering these results, we advise using it for therapeutic and research motives among the Arabic-speaking individuals.
Anatomical and Histological Analyses of Ankle Plantar Flexors: Insights into Connective Tissue Composition and Muscle Architecture
Authors: Yeo In-Seung , Kim Miri , Lee Hyung-Jin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The tibialis posterior (TP), flexor digitorum longus (FDL), and flexor hallucis longus (FHL) are muscles that contribute to the stability of foot and ankle movements, playing a crucial role in achieving optimal gait. However, a comprehensive examination of the anatomical characteristics and histological variances of each muscle has not been conclusively established.
Methods
A total of 10 un-embalmed cadavers were dissected, and muscles from each cadaver were consistently harvested from the musculotendon junction. The ratio of collagen and elastic fibers was assessed through three immunohistological analyses, focusing on distinct histological characteristics in type I (slow twitch) and type II (fast twitch) fibers. Additionally, Ultrasonography was utilized to compare and analyze the thickness, fascicle angle, and muscle fiber length of each muscle.
Results
Concerning the relative proportion of elastic fibers to collagen, the TP exhibited the highest collagen content (21.9 ± 0.30%, mean ± standard deviation), while the FHL had the highest elastic fiber proportion (48.4 ± 0.44%). The TP predominantly comprised slow type muscle fibers (36.88 ± 0.83%), whereas the FHL contained a higher density of fast type muscle fibers (32.46 ± 4.02%). US analysis indicated that the TP had a relatively thick thickness (2.0 ± 0.2mm), compared to the FDL (1.2 ± 0.1mm) and FHL (1.1 ± 0.1mm). Additionally, the fascicle length was notably longer in the TP (25.6 ± 4.1mm).
Conclusion
Our anatomical and histological findings indicate that the tibialis posterior (TP) is the thickest with a significant physiological angle and a high collagen content. This characteristic enables the TP to provide stability by transmitting a constant force to the calf. On the other hand, the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) exhibits the highest elastic fiber content, confirming its ability to exert instantaneous, swift, and powerful force.
Design of Cryptographic Based Secured Medical Applications Using Iot Enabled Mobile Edge Computing
Authors: Anandh Sugel , Narayan S.R.Sylaja Vallee , Mathew Tina Elizabeth 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The universally built Internet of Things (IoT) devices are operated promptly for the processing of data with the interconnected real time external objects. The devices are connected with the sensors or microprocessors to transfer the information to the cloud. While Cogitate the real time medical applications IoT are the privileged technology which can be used to update the data frequently without the help of human beings. This improves the productivity of the medical employees with the automation. Nevertheless, the security of the information transferring is the crucial task in this field since attackers can easily steal the data that are sensitive and this would mislead the treatment. Herewith, we propose an innovative Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) based secured transmission of data which utilizes the Blockchain for the cryptographic process. The proposed employs process such as pre-processing the data acquired from the medical IoT sensors for cleaning and brims the missing data. The initial and advanced statistical order is used to extract the features from the pre-processed data followed by the Sooty Tern optimization (STO) based feature selection. Apparently, the selected features are transmitted to the clinics or cloud or the patient relatives through the highly secured blockchain based MEC. Previously, the collected data from the sensors are transmitted to the block via the communication layer. simulations are executed to analyse the productiveness of the proposed work and made the compaartive study. The security of the proposed work is advanced than the earlier approaches.
Beyond Traditional Techniques: Utilizing Neural Networks to Improve and Compare the Performance of OFDM and OTFS
Authors: Chennamsetty Sneha , Boddu Subbarao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Two popular modulation techniques for current 4G, 5G, and beyond wireless communication systems are Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and Orthogonal Time Frequency Space (OTFS). While OFDM performs quite well in static channels, it suffers greatly in situations with excessive mobility. On the other hand, OTFS operates in the delay-Doppler domain providing robustness in these kinds of high-mobility channels. The potential of neural network (NN) models for OFDM and OTFS performance improvement and comparison analysis is investigated in this work. We proposed a framework for analyzing and contrasting the effectiveness of both modulations in different NN models. To compare and enhance the performance of OFDM and OTFS systems, this paper explores the wide range of Neural Network (NN) models, such as feedforward Neural Networks (NNs), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) with particular architectures like Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs), and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) networks. Out of the four proposed models, the RNN model promises better performance when compared to the rest and the traditional method which is the non-NN model. Furthermore, the proposed framework optimizes some features of OFDM and OTFS by utilizing NNs’ learning capabilities, which results in higher performance. The results show that this strategy can improve wireless communication performance, especially in dynamic channel conditions.
The Value of 3D Printed Bolus in Adjuvant Intensity-modulated Radiotherapy After Radical Mastectomy for Breast Cancer--A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Yaxue , Hu Wendie , Li Bohan , Du Yujie , Zhou Xinhui , Li Fengyan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Breast cancer patients may use a bolus to increase the dose of skin in radiotherapy after radical mastectomy. The 3D printed bolus (3DPB) made by individual customization has better fit and conformance. This study aims to provide some reference value for the treatment by analyzing the dosage advantages of 3DPB in radiotherapy after radical mastectomy of breast cancer.
Materials and Methods
The study included breast cancer patients who received post-mastectomy radiotherapy with 3DPB between January 1, 2022 and April 30, 2023. Researchers retrospectively collected dosage data related to patients' radiotherapy plans, prospectively observed acute and late radiotherapy side-effects in patients of this cohort. Matched sample T-test was used for data conforming to normal distribution, and non-parametric test was used for data not conforming to normal distribution. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
A total of 35 patients were included in this cohort and median follow-up time was 16 months. In the side-effects of radiotherapy, no level 4 acute side-effects occurred. A total of 82.2% of the patients had no obvious side-effects, and 2.7% had a level 3 acute skin side-effects. Level 3 leukocytes, platelets, and erythrocytes decreased in 5.7%, 2.9%, and 2.9%, respectively. No late radiotherapy side-effects of level 2 or higher occurred. In terms of dosage, radiotherapy plans using 3DPB had better conformance (P<0. 001) and dose homogeneity (P<0. 001). The results showed that the V95% dose was higher for the CTV1, CTV2, P-CTV, P-CTV1, and P-CTV2 that covered the 3DPB (all P< 0. 001).
Conclusions
Overall, the use of 3DPB in radiotherapy of breast cancer is safe and feasible, with low incidence of acute and late side-effects. At the same time, the use of 3DPB can make the dose distribution higher and more uniform, while obtaining a more conformal target area.
A survey on bias in machine learning research
Authors: Mikołajczyk-Bareła Agnieszka , Grochowski Michał 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Current research on bias in machine learning often focuses on fairness, while overlooking the roots or causes of bias. Bias was originally defined as a ”system-atic error” often caused by humans at different stages of the research process. This paper aims to bridge the gap between past and present literature on bias in research by providing taxonomy for potential sources of bias and errors in data and models, with special focus paid on bias in machine learning pipelines. Survey analyses over forty potential sources of bias in the machine learning (ML) pipeline, providing clear examples for each. By understanding the sources and consequences of bias in machine learning, better methods can be developed for its detection and mitigation, which lead to fairer, more transparent, and more accurate ML models.
Cytomegalovirus-Associated Pancytopenia in a Four-Month-Old Infant: A Case Report
Authors: Gyawali Jeevan , Pudasainee-Kapri Sangita , Agrawal Sumit , Khatri Dhan Bahadur , Adhikari Sugat , Dhunagana Prem Prasad 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a beta-herpes virus causing common infections, often asymptomatic in healthy individuals. However, it poses increased risks to immunocompromised individuals and can cause congenital infections, leading to severe disabilities. CMV infection can cause significant hematological abnormality. A four-month-old female infant was admitted for decreased feeding for two days. She was severely pale, without hepatosplenomegaly. Initial laboratory investigations revealed profound pancytopenia: white blood count of 3,000 cells/µL, hemoglobin of 4.5 g/dL, and platelets of 10,000 cells/µL. The patient was transfused with whole blood and referred to a tertiary care center. Further workup, including bone marrow biopsy, showed hypocellular marrow. The Urine CMV Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test returned highly positive with a viral load of 1,700,000 copies/mL. Genetic testing was unremarkable. This patient was diagnosed with CMV-associated bone marrow suppression, and she was prescribed valganciclovir at a dosage of 16 mg/kg/dose every 12 hours. She had shown significant hematologic parameter improvement during subsequent follow-up. Pancytopenia in infancy should include a differential diagnosis for CMV infection. The early recognition and correct infection management, including antiviral therapy and symptomatic treatment, yield a better prognosis.
Iteratively Designed Nanocarrier for Cell Cycle Arrest, Immune Boost, and T Cell Access
Authors: Meng Huan , Feng Zhenhan , Qin Mengmeng , Jiang Jinhong , Wang Meng , Zhang Tianyu , Li Yibo , Liu Xiangsheng , Zhang Jinfang , Zhao Yuliang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Recent advancements in cancer therapy have highlighted the dual role of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) in both cell cycle regulation and immune activation. However, applying CDK4/6i to immunologically unfavorable tumors is challenging due to the complex tumor microenvironment (TME), characterized by inadequate T cell recruitment and exclusion mechanisms that hinder an effective anti-tumor immunity. Here, we iteratively designed prodrug liposomal nanocarriers that integrate multiple functions: cell cycle inhibition through CDK4/6i encapsulation, immune activation via concurrent delivery of an immunogenic cell death-inducing chemotherapy agent, and overcoming T cell exclusion through the incorporation of a cholesterol prodrug. This iterative nanocarrier design effectively improves the pharmacokinetic profile of CDK4/6i, overcomes the immunosuppressive TME, achieves superior anti-tumor efficacy, and synergizes with immune checkpoint inhibitors to provide lasting effects in various colon cancer animal models.
A Personalised 3D+t Mesh Generative Model for Unveiling Normal Heart Dynamics
Authors: Qiao Mengyun , McGurk Kathryn , Wang Shuo , Matthews Paul , O'Regan Declan , Bai Wenjia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Understanding the structure and motion of the heart is crucial for diagnosing and managing cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of global death. There is wide variation in cardiac shape and motion patterns, that are influenced by demographic, anthropometric and disease factors. Unravelling the normal patterns of shape and motion, as well as understanding how each individual deviates from the norm, would facilitate accurate diagnosis and personalised treatment strategies. To this end, we developed a novel conditional generative model, MeshHeart, to learn the distribution of cardiac shape and motion patterns. MeshHeart is capable of generating 3D+t cardiac mesh sequences, taking into account clinical factors such as age, sex, weight and height. To model the high-dimensional and complex spatio-temporal mesh data, MeshHeart employs a geometric encoder to represent cardiac meshes in a latent space, followed by a temporal Transformer to model the motion dynamics of latent representations. Based on MeshHeart, we investigate the latent space of 3D+t cardiac mesh sequences and propose a novel distance metric termed latent delta, which quantifies the deviation of a real heart from its personalised normative pattern in the latent space. In experiments using a large dataset of 38,309 subjects, MeshHeart demonstrates a high performance in cardiac mesh sequence reconstruction and generation. Features defined in the latent space are highly discriminative for cardiac disease classification, whereas the latent delta exhibits strong correlation with clinical phenotypes in phenome-wide association studies. The codes and models of this study will be released to benefit further research on digital heart modelling.
Global increases of salt intrusion in estuaries under future environmental conditions
Authors: Lee Jiyong , Biemond Bouke , Keulen Daan van , Huismans Ymkje , Westen René van , de Swart Huib , Dijkstra Henk , Kranenburg Wouter 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

In recent years, increased salt intrusion in surface waters has threatened freshwater availability in coastal regions worldwide. Yet, current future projections of salt intrusion are limited to local regions or changes to single forcing agents. Here, we quantify compounding contributions from changes in river discharge and relative sea level to changing future salt intrusion under a high emission scenario (Shared Socioeconomic Pathways, SSP3-7.0) for 18 estuaries around the world. We find that the annual 90th percentile future salt intrusion is projected to increase between 1.3% and 18.2% (median 9.1%) in 89% of the studied estuaries worldwide. Our analysis also indicates that, on average, sea-level rise contributes approximately two times more to increasing future salt intrusion than reduced river discharge. We further show that return levels of present day 100-year salt intrusion events are projected to increase between 3.2% and 25.2% (median 10.2%) in 83% of the studied estuaries.
Optimum Operational Conditions for Power Generation for Ngong Hill Wind Farm
Authors: OMBOTO JANE KWAMBOKA , Ngugi Kamau Joseph , Churchil Saoke , David Wekesa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The Ngong Hill Wind Farm, in Kenya, represents a significant investment in renewable energy aimed at reducing the country's dependence on fossil fuels and enhancing sustainable power generation. In order to model an optimized wind farm layout, it is crucial to accurately measure, describe, and analyze the statistical properties of the wind available in the site. This research investigates the optimal operational conditions for effective power generation at the Ngong Hill Wind Farm. The analysis is based on long-term data spanning from 2010 to 2019 and consists of ten-minute mean wind measurements and validation data collected for three months of the year 2022. The power loss due to wake effects is analysed using the Jensen wake models, and simulation for power output done with simulations in PHYTON libraries. The study shows that the yearly average Weibull shape and scale parameters are 3.29 and 9.81 m/s, respectively. The maximum power extractable at optimum efficiency is 509 W/m², corresponding to wind power class V. Predominant wind directions are from North-East to South-East. The simulation for Annual Energy Produced (AEP) at the Ngong wind farm under wake interference conditions shows a significant power loss of 28.209%, reducing AEP from 61.86 GWh to 44.41 GWh. The actual net output is 12 GWh, much lower than expected due to wake effects and turbine downtime. From the study, turbine efficiency and the overall wind farm performance is maximized by addressing wake interference and optimizing maintenance scheduling.
Finanzielle Folgen des Schwarzfahrens
Authors: Schoop Luca 
Published: October 2024

Wer ohne gültigen Fahrschein öffentliche Verkehrsbetriebe benutzt, hat den eigentlichen Fahrpreis und den sog. Zuschlag zu bezahlen. Wer dies wiederholt tut, muss auch noch eine Staffelungsgebühr entrichten. Daneben ist auch eine strafrechtliche Ahndung möglich. Die Verkehrsbetriebe haben die Möglichkeit, die mit dem Schwarzfahren zusammenhängenden Forderungen im Strafverfahren geltend zu machen. Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit der Frage, ob es sich bei diesen regelmässig geltend gemachten Forderungen um adhäsionsfähige Zivilforderungen im Sinne der Strafprozessordnung handelt. Diese Frage hat in der Praxis Relevanz, zumal seit dem 1. Januar 2024 auch im Strafbefehlsverfahren bei gegebenen Voraussetzungen über Zivilforderungen entschieden werden kann respektive muss.
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Les personnes utilisant les transports publics sans titre de transport valable sont tenues de payer le prix du billet, accompagné d'un supplément. En cas de récidive, elles s'exposent à une amende progressive. Une sanction pénale peut également être prononcée. Les entreprises de transport ont la possibilité de faire valoir les créances liées à la fraude dans le cadre de la procédure pénale. Cet article examine si ces créances, régulièrement invoquées, peuvent être considérées comme des créances civiles susceptibles d'adhésion au sens du code de procédure pénale. Cette question revêt une importance pratique, d'autant plus que, depuis le 1er janvier 2024, le ministère public peut, voire doit, statuer sur les prétentions civiles par ordonnance pénale lorsque les conditions légales sont remplies.
Penggunaan Podcast BELAPER (Belajar Asik Tanpa Baper) sebagai Media Pembelajaran Keterampilan Menyimak Siswa Kelas IX SMPN 2 Sampang
Authors: Irmawati Irmawati 
Published: October 2024

Abstrak:
Keterampilan menyimak merupakan keterampilan yang begitu penting bagi siswa. Akan tetapi, pada saat ini keterampilan menyimak kurang mendapatkan perhatian yang cukup khususnya di tingkat Sekolah Menengah Pertama yaitu pada siswa kelas IX SMPN 2 Sampang pada materi teks cerita sejarah. Hal ini terjadi karena kurangnya perhatian terhadap media yang digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pemanfaatan media podcast dalam pembelajaran menyimak teks cerita sejarah dan untuk mengetahui hasil belajar siswa dengan penggunaan media podcast dalam pembelajaran teks cerita sejarah. Penggunaan media dalam pembelajaran harus benar-benar diperhatikan karena hal tersebut bisa berpengaruh terhadap keberhasilan dalam proses pembelajaran. Podcast baru-baru ini dijadikan sebagai inovasi baru sebagai media pembelajaran. Dalam penelitian ini, media podcast diharapkan dapat meningkatkan keterampilan menyimak siswa. Metode dalam penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi, angket, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu podcast dapat dijadikan sebagai media evaluasi pembelajaran, karena dengan penggunaan media podcast ini siswa jadi lebih bersemangat dalam proses pembelajaran sehingga menarik minat siswa untuk belajar dan guru juga terlihat lebih nyaman dengan penggunaan media podcast dalam pembelajaran.