bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative single‐cell transcriptomic analysis across tissues of aging primates reveals specific autologous activation of ZNF281 to mitigate oxidative stress in cornea
Authors: Xiao Yuhua , Chen Xu , Chen Zheyao , Dai Wangxuan , Hu Xing , Zhang Shuyao , Zhong Jiawei , Chen Jia , Liu Xu , Liang Lingyi , Hu Youjin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress accelerate cellular aging, but their impact on different tissues varies. The cornea, known for its robust antioxidant defense systems, is relatively resistant to age‐related diseases like cancer. However, the precise mechanisms by which the cornea maintains ROS homeostasis during aging remain unclear. Through comparative single‐cell transcriptomic analysis of the cornea and other tissues in young and old nonhuman primates, we identified that a ZNF281 coding transcriptomic program is specifically activated in cornea during aging. Further investigation revealed that ZNF281 forms a positive feedback loop with FOXO3 to sense elevated levels of ROS and mitigate their effects potentially by regulating the mitochondrial respiratory chain and superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression. Importantly, we observed that overexpression of ZNF281 in MSCs prevented cellular senescence. In summary, these findings open up possibilities for understanding tissue‐specific aging and developing new therapies targeting ROS damage.
Plasma proteomics for risk prediction of Alzheimer's disease in the general population
Authors: Yang Sisi , Ye Ziliang , He Panpan , Zhang Yuanyuan , Liu Mengyi , Zhou Chun , Zhang Yanjun , Gan Xiaoqin , Huang Yu , Xiang Hao , Qin Xianhui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe aimed to develop and validate a protein risk score for predicting Alzheimer's disease (AD) and compare its performance with a validated clinical risk model (Cognitive Health and Dementia Risk Index for AD [CogDrisk‐AD]) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes. The development cohort, consisting of 35,547 participants from England in the UK Biobank, was randomly divided into a 7:3 training–testing ratio. The validation cohort included 4667 participants from Scotland and Wales in the UK Biobank. In the training set, an AD protein risk score was constructed using 31 proteins out of 2911 proteins. In the testing set, the AD protein risk score had a C‐index of 0.867 (95% CI, 0.828, 0.906) for AD prediction, followed by CogDrisk‐AD risk factors (C‐index, 0.856; 95% CI, 0.823, 0.889), and APOE genotypes (C‐index, 0.705; 95% CI, 0.660, 0.750). Adding the AD protein risk score to CogDrisk‐AD risk factors (C‐index increase, 0.050; 95% CI, 0.008, 0.093) significantly improved the predictive performance for AD. However, adding CogDrisk‐AD risk factors (C‐index increase, 0.040; 95% CI, −0.007, 0.086) or APOE genotypes (C‐index increase, 0.000; 95% CI, −0.054, 0.055) to the AD protein risk score did not significantly improve the predictive performance for AD. The top 10 proteins with the highest coefficients in the AD protein risk score contributed most of the predictive power for AD risk. These results were verified in the external validation cohort. EGFR, GFAP, and CHGA were identified as key proteins within the protein network. Our result suggests that the AD protein risk score demonstrated a good predictive performance for AD risk.
Implications of the shift to DSM‐5 for alcohol use disorder prevalence estimates in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health
Authors: Bailey Allen J. , Quinn Patrick D. , McHugh R. Kathryn 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsThe Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's annual National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) is a commonly used source for estimating trends in alcohol use disorders (AUD) in the United States. From 2015 to 2019 the annual prevalence of people diagnosed with either Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 4th edition (DSM‐IV) alcohol abuse or dependence ranged from 5.3 to 5.9%. More recent estimates, using the DSM 5th edition (DSM‐5) AUD diagnostic formulation, have been higher, with AUD base rates ranging from 10.1 to 10.7% from 2020 to 2022. This study aimed to compare the past 12‐month base rates of AUD in the United States general population when using the DSM‐5 versus DSM‐IV AUD (i.e. abuse or dependence) and assess the AUD severity of individuals captured with each diagnostic formulation using DSM‐5 AUD symptom counts.MethodsWe examined descriptive trends in the rate of past‐year NSDUH AUD diagnoses from 2015 to 2022. We contrasted them with trends in drinking behavior: the percentage of individuals who had ever reported drinking and the number of drinking days and binge drinking days for those who drink. We also analyzed the concordance between DSM‐IV and DSM‐5 AUD diagnoses in the 2020 NSDUH, which concurrently assessed AUD with both diagnostic formulations.ResultsThe transition to DSM‐5 AUD formulation coincided with a drastic increase in AUD prevalence rates that occurred without increases in drinking behavior. In 2020 NSDUH data, the estimated past‐year DSM‐5 AUD prevalence rate was 10.1% compared with a 5.4% rate of past‐year DSM‐IV abuse or dependence. The DSM‐5 AUD formulation captured more mild‐severity individuals than the DSM‐IV formulation.ConclusionsHigher recent base rates of alcohol use disorders (AUD) in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health are likely, at least partially, explained by measurement changes in AUD; specifically, the shift from DSM‐IV abuse or dependence to DSM‐5 AUD. The DSM‐5 formulation appears substantially more inclusive than the DSM‐IV formulation, leading to a larger number of mild severity individuals being captured.
Micro‐computed tomography evaluation of minimally invasive root canal preparation in 3D‐printed C‐shaped canal
Authors: Supavititpattana Nutcha , Suebnukarn Siriwan , Phumpatrakom Panupat , Budsaba Kamon 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate and compare the shaping abilities and minimum dentin thickness of minimally invasive rotary instruments via micro‐computed tomography. Twelve 3D‐printed C‐shaped canal models from a mandibular molar were divided into two groups, and root canals were prepared with either XP‐endo Rise (XR) or TruNatomy (TN) systems. Pre‐ and post‐preparation evaluations included canal volume, prepared area and minimum dentin thickness. No significant differences were found in canal volume change (XR: 22.66 ± 4.28%, TN: 23.02 ± 5.10%), prepared canal area (XR: 31.86 ± 10.72%, TN: 30.26 ± 11.59%) and minimum dentin thickness (XR: 0.30 ± 0.05 mm, TN: 0.28 ± 0.05 mm) between groups (p > 0.05). The canal volume change in the middle third was significantly higher than that in the coronal and apical thirds (p < 0.05) in both groups. In conclusion, XR demonstrated comparable shaping abilities and minimum dentin thickness to TN in preparing 3D‐printed C‐shaped canals.
The reality of rurality: Understanding the impact of remoteness on out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest in Western Australia – A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Smith Ashlea , Ball Stephen , Stewart Karen , Finn Judith 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionWestern Australia (WA) spans a large, sparsely‐populated area of Australia, presenting a challenge for the provision of Emergency Medical Service (EMS), particularly for time‐critical emergencies such as out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).ObjectiveTo assess the impact of rurality on the epidemiology, incidence and survival of OHCA in WA.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of EMS‐attended OHCA in WA from 2015 to 2022. Incidence was calculated on all OHCAs, but the study cohort for the multivariable regression analysis of rurality on survival outcomes consisted of OHCAs of medical aetiology with EMS resuscitation attempted. Rurality was categorised into four categories, derived from the Australian Standard Geographic Classification – Remoteness Areas.ResultsThe age‐standardised incidence of EMS‐attended OHCA per 100 000 population increased with increasing remoteness: Major Cities = 104.9, Inner Regional = 123.3, Outer Regional = 138.0 and Remote = 103.9. Compared to Major Cities, the adjusted odds for return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) at hospital were lower in Inner Regional (aOR = 0.71, 95%CI 0.53–0.95), Outer Regional (aOR = 0.62, 95%CI 0.45–0.86) and Remote areas (aOR = 0.52, 95%CI 0.35–0.77) but there was no statistically significant difference for 30‐day survival. Relative to Major Cities, Regional and Remote areas had longer response times, shorter transport‐to‐hospital times, and higher rates of bystander CPR and automated external defibrillator use.ConclusionsOut‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest in rural areas had lower odds of ROSC at hospital compared to metropolitan areas, despite adjustment for known prognostic covariates. Despite WA's highly sparse regional population, these differences in ROSC are consistent with those reported in other international studies.
Oncoplastic breast surgery – a pictorial classification system for surgeons and radiation oncologists (OPSURGE)
Authors: Binks Matthew , Boyages John , Suami Hiroo , Ngui Nicholas , Meybodi Farid , Hughes T. Michael , Edirimanne Senarath 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionChanges to the tumour bed following oncoplastic breast surgery complicate the administration of adjuvant radiotherapy. Consensus guidelines have called for improved interdisciplinary communication to aid adjuvant boost radiotherapy. We propose a framework of tumour bed classification following oncoplastic surgery to enhance understanding and communication between the multidisciplinary breast cancer team and facilitate effective and more precise delivery of adjuvant boost radiotherapy.MethodsA classification system was devised by grouping oncoplastic procedures based on skin incision, tissue mobilization, tumour bed distortion, seroma formation and flap reconstruction. The system is supplemented by a colour‐coded pictorial guide to tumour bed rearrangement with common oncoplastic procedures.ResultsA 5‐tier framework was developed. Representative images were produced to describe tumour bed alterations.ConclusionThe proposed framework (OPSURGE) improves the identification of the primary tumour bed after initial breast‐conserving surgery, which is imperative to both the surgeon in planning re‐excision and the radiation oncologist in planning boost radiotherapy.
Is a patient self‐recorded 6 minute walk test equivalent to a formally recorded 6 minute walk test
Authors: van Bavel Dirk , de Steiger Richard , McKenzie Dean 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundFunctional tests such as the 6‐minute walk test (6MWT) are used in many areas of medicine to monitor disease progression and outcomes of treatment. They are particularly helpful in Orthopaedic surgery as the outcomes have been shown to be responsive to recovery over time. The 6MWT is typically performed in a controlled supervised environment which may limit its widespread use (Terwee et al., Rheumatology (Oxford), 2006, 45, 890–902). The primary aim is to investigate if a patient measured 6MWT is comparable to a 6MWT performed under formal testing conditions (Täger et al., Int. J. Cardiol. 2014, 176, 94–98).MethodsA total of 55 patients undergoing elective primary hip or knee replacement were instructed to use a smart watch to record a 6MWT in their home community environment (C‐6MWT). These measurements were compared to a formally tested 6MWT (F‐6MWT) at 2 separate time periods—6 and 12 weeks post‐surgery.ResultsAt 6 weeks post operation the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient between a formally tested and a patient self‐administered 6MWT was 0.928 (95% CI 0.832–0.970) and at 12 weeks it was 0.831 (0594–0.935).ConclusionA patient recorded 6 minute walk test shows high agreement with a formally recorded one under research conditions. This makes this test a suitable way to monitor rehabilitation progression and research outcomes at multiple time periods and in remote situations.
Antepartum vs postpartum amoxicillin oral challenge in pregnant patients with a reported penicillin allergy: A two‐center prospective cohort study
Authors: Wong Jeffrey Man Hay , Liu Xiaoqing , Mak Raymond , Erdle Stephanie C. , Barber Colin , van Schalkwyk Julianne , Watt Melissa , Ande Sudharsana Rao , Ochulor Dozie , Elwood Chelsea , Poliquin Vanessa 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionWhile 10% of pregnant individuals report a penicillin allergy, there is no established best practice for penicillin allergy delabeling in pregnancy. To better understand options for penicillin delabeling, we aimed to evaluate two penicillin allergy delabeling protocols in pregnancy regarding efficacy, adverse events, and patient satisfaction.Material and MethodsFrom July 2019 to December 2022, we completed a two‐center prospective cohort study, where each site recruited pregnant patients over 24 weeks gestational age with a reported penicillin allergy. One center offered antepartum amoxicillin oral challenges, either directly or after negative skin testing (i.e., antepartum oral challenge site). Our other centers completed a two‐step approach with antepartum penicillin skin testing only and deferred oral challenges to the postpartum period (i.e., postpartum oral challenge site). Our primary outcome was the rate of penicillin allergy delabeling, defined as tolerating an antibiotic challenge with penicillin or amoxicillin. Univariate analyses were completed using chi‐squared, Fisher's exact, and Wilcoxon rank tests.ResultsDuring the study period, 276 pregnant patients were assessed, with 207 in the antepartum oral challenge site and 69 in the postpartum oral challenge site. Among the 204 patients who completed antepartum oral challenges, 201 (98%) passed without reactions. Deferring oral challenges to the postpartum period led to a loss of follow‐up for 37/53 (70%) of eligible individuals. Overall, 97% (201/207) of patients at the antepartum oral challenge site were delabeled from their penicillin allergy—compared to 38% (26/69) of patients referred to the postpartum oral challenge site (p < 0.0001). Three antepartum oral challenge reactions were noted, including two mild cutaneous reactions and a case of transient abdominal discomfort.ConclusionsAntepartum amoxicillin oral challenge is a more effective method to delabel pregnant patients from their penicillin allergy. Deferral of oral challenges to the postpartum period introduces a significant barrier for penicillin allergy delabeling.
Letter: Bisphosphonate effectiveness in patients with cirrhosis—an emulated clinical trial. Authors' reply
Authors: Tapper Elliot B. , Parikh Neehar D. 
Published: September 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Tapper et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18127 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18257
Changes in the plasma protein‐binding rate of remifentanil during cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Ueda Hiroshi , Kurita Tadayoshi , Kawashima Shingo , Kitamoto Takuya , Suzuki Masako , Nakajima Yoshiki 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimsCardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) reduces the plasma protein‐binding rate of some anaesthetics and can enhance their pharmacological effects by increasing the unbound drug fraction. However, whether these changes occur with remifentanil remains to be explored. We investigated the changes in the protein‐binding rate of remifentanil during CPB compared with propofol.MethodsThirteen patients (≥18 years old) who were scheduled to undergo cardiovascular surgery with CPB were included. Arterial blood samples were collected to measure the plasma concentrations of remifentanil and propofol before CPB (T1), 30 (T2) and 60 (T3) minutes after the start of CPB, and 30 min after CPB discontinuation (T4). The samples were immediately centrifuged to separate the plasma after blood collection. Equilibrium dialysis was used to separate the unbound fraction. The remifentanil and propofol concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. The protein‐binding rate was calculated based on the total and unbound fraction of each drug.ResultsThe remifentanil protein‐binding rates at each time point were 27.9% ± 11.2% (T1), 13.5% ± 4.4% (T2), 14.0% ± 3.3% (T3) and 24.5% ± 6.9% (T4). The propofol protein‐binding rates were 97.5% ± 0.7% (n = 4; T1), 95.8% ± 1.4% (T2), 95.3% ± 1.3% (T3) and 95.8% ± 1.1% (T4). The protein binding rates of both drugs decreased during CPB and reversed after CPB. The change in the unbound fraction was 1.2‐fold for remifentanil and 1.7‐1.9‐fold for propofol.ConclusionsUnlike propofol, remifentanil might not demonstrate significantly enhanced pharmacological effects during CPB.
Religious contestation and Islamophobia among Iranian communities residing in the Greater Toronto area and York region
Authors: Khayambashi Shirin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractReligion is an omnipresent concern for the Iranian community residing in the Greater Toronto Area and York Region (GTA and YR). While the experience of Islamophobia appears to be a unidirectional attitude from the host onto the diasporic community, this research indicates the complexities of Canada's Muslim experience. According to this research, the Iranian Diasporas present an ingroup Islamophobia by expressing anger and hostility toward Iranian Muslim community members. In an attempt to set communal boundaries by restructuring one's ethnic identity, the historical and environmental factors simultaneously influence social interaction between the Iranian Muslim community and other Iranian‐Canadians. This paper examines the Iranian religious identity and its relationship with Iranian history, Western Islamophobia, and non‐Islamiosity to examine the Iranian Muslims’ experience in Canada.
The Accuracy of Dental Implant Placement With Different Methods of Computer‐Assisted Implant Surgery: A Network Meta‐Analysis of Clinical Studies
Authors: Mahardawi Basel , Jiaranuchart Sirimanas , Arunjaroensuk Sirida , Dhanesuan Kanit , Mattheos Nikos , Pimkhaokham Atiphan 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveComputer‐assisted implant surgery (CAIS) has been introduced as a tool to aid in reaching a more accurate implant position. The aim of this network meta‐analysis was to compare all the available CAIS techniques and obtain collective evidence on the method that offers the highest accuracy compared to freehand implant placement.Materials and MethodsDatabase search was done in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane library in addition to extensive search in the gray literature and related systematic reviews, aiming to find clinical studies that compared any CAIS technique with another, or with freehand implant placement. The outcomes evaluated were angle, platform, and apex deviation. The search process ended on March 18, 2024.ResultsThirty‐three studies were included. All CAIS techniques (static with partial or full guidance, dynamic with partial or full guidance, the combination of static and dynamic CAIS) showed significantly less deviation than freehand implant placement, except for the static CAIS with guidance for the pilot drill only. The combination of static and dynamic CAIS ranked best among all other methods. Based on the GRADE system, the certainty of evidence in the outcomes of the meta‐analysis was judged as low or moderate.ConclusionsThe current study demonstrates that computer‐assisted implant surgery provides significantly higher accuracy in implant placement, with the combination of static and dynamic CAIS being the most precise. Nevertheless, future studies are needed, considering the different types, locations, and extents of edentulism in the analyzed investigations, as well as the necessity of obtaining stronger evidence.Trial RegistrationPROSPERIO number: CRD42023482030
Incidence of allergic contact dermatitis in Finland 1998–2021: A nationwide registry‐based study
Authors: Wikström Ville , Sinikumpu Suvi‐Päivikki , Jokelainen Jari , Huilaja Laura 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundAllergic contact dermatitis (ACD) may be chronic and can cause distress, disability, and absence from work. Nationwide epidemiological studies of ACD are sparse.ObjectivesTo use national registry data to study the incidence and aetiology of ACD in the working age population of Finland.MethodsPatient records from the years 1998–2021 were obtained from the Finnish Care Register for Health Care. Study subjects aged 18–65 years were selected on the basis of a diagnosis of ACD.ResultsTotal number of study subjects was 26 701. The incidence of ACD increased until 2016 after which it started to decrease. The increase was more marked in females and ACD was particularly common in women reporting reactions to cosmetics and other chemical products and in people of both sexes reacting to adhesives. The incidence ‘ACD of unspecific cause’ has decreased since 2016. The most commonly reported allergens were metals, followed by cosmetics. One fourth of subjects had ≥2 ACD diagnoses.ConclusionsThe incidence of ACD in working age subjects rose from 1998 to 2016, especially in females. However, the incidence has been decreasing since 2016. Our findings highlight the ongoing and even increasing burden of ACD among the working age population.
1117. Crepidiastrum grandicollum (Koidz.) Nakai: Compositae
Authors: Hind Nicholas , Yamanaka Masumi , Yasue Naoko 
Published: September 2024

SummaryCrepidiastrum grandicollum (Koidz.) Nakai (Compositae: Lactuceae: Crepidinae) is described and illustrated. The current synonymy is provided, together with type citations for each of the names and statements of the type material. A selection of verified illustrations of the species in the literature is provided. Statements of the species' distribution, habitat and ecological preferences (with observations on the phytosociological classification), phenology, conservation status, and the etymology of both generic and specific epithets are given along with vernacular names, some of which are apparently literal translations of the Latin binomial. Cultivation, propagation, and availability notes are provided, although the species is Critically Endangered and currently only cultivated Koishikawa Botanical Garden, University of Tokyo, Japan, as part of the Ministry of the Environment's Rare Wild Fauna and Flora Species Protection and Breeding Project. Discussions include pollination syndromes in Crepidiastrum in the Bonin Islands, the intricacies of the involvement of the Honey Bee in their pollination (compared with conservation measures) and the displacement of native insect pollinators, mention of seed/achene dispersal and evolution within the genus, conservation proposals, including the use of exclosures to prevent destruction by feral goats (Capra hircus), and electric fences, adhesive traps and Teflon™ sheets to help control the lizard known as the Green Anole (Anolis carolinensis); typhoon damage and the potential for issues with ants ‐ Pheidole (Westwood) spp. (including the African Big‐headed Ant, P. megacephala) are also mentioned. Some consideration for the rôle of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) associations with the endemics in conservation programmes should not be overlooked. Attention is drawn to observations on some bizarre web sites with somewhat bogus information on the species, and why they should be disregarded.