bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in food and nutrient intakes between Australian‐ and Asian‐born women living in Australia: Results from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health
Authors: Liu Huaqing , Hall John J. , Xu Xiaoyue , Mishra Gita D. , Byles Julie E. 
Published: December 2017

AimTo determine differences in food and nutrient intakes between Australian‐ and Asian‐born women living in Australia.MethodsData were obtained from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health, including 6461 women born in Australia or Asia who completed food frequency questionnaires in 2001 and 2013. Diet was assessed using the Dietary Questionnaire for Epidemiological Studies version 2. Longitudinal generalised estimating‐equation modelling was performed to determine the effect of country of birth and survey year on fruit and vegetable intake.ResultsAsian‐born women ate more cereals, soybeans and fish but less vegetables, legumes, dairy, meat and meat products than Australian‐born women both in 2001 and in 2013. Asian‐born women ate less cereals, rice and noodles, meat and its products (P < 0.05) in 2013 than in 2001. The earlier people came to Australia, the less their rice and noodle intake per day. However, the reverse was demonstrated regarding vegetable intake. Asian‐born women had a lower daily intake of fat, calcium, zinc, thiamin, riboflavin, folate and retinol compared with those born in Australia.ConclusionsAsian‐born women living in Australia show different food and nutrient intakes from Australian‐born women, although their diets tend to deviate from typical Asian characteristics and approach a Western diet.
Exenatide exhibits anti‐inflammatory properties and modulates endothelial response to tumor necrosis factor α‐mediated activation
Authors: Garczorz Wojciech , Gallego‐Colon Enrique , Kosowska Agnieszka , Kłych‐Ratuszny Agnieszka , Woźniak Michał , Marcol Wiesław , Niesner K.J. , Francuz Tomasz 
Published: December 2017

SummaryIntroductionCardiovascular disease is the main cause of mortality and morbidity in the industrialized world. Incretin‐mimetic compounds such as exenatide are currently used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.AimsWe investigated the effects of incretin drugs on apoptosis, adhesion molecule expression, and concentration of extracellular matrix (ECM) metalloproteinases under inflammatory conditions within the context of atherosclerotic plaque formation of both human coronary artery endothelial cells (hCAECs) and human aortic endothelial cells (hAoECs). TNF‐α‐stimulated hCAEC and hAoEC were treated with exenatide (1 and 10 nmol/L) and GLP‐1 (10 and 100 nmol/L) then evaluated for caspase 3/7 activity and assayed for protein levels of adhesion molecules sICAM‐1, sVCAM‐1, and P‐selectin. Concentrations of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) MMP‐1, MMP‐2, MMP‐9, and their inhibitors—tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), TIMP‐1, TIMP‐2 were also measured to evaluate the effects on extracellular matrix turnover within an inflammatory environment. Intracellular signaling pathways were evaluated via transfection of endothelial cells with a GFP vector under the NF‐κB promoter.ResultsOur experimental data suggest that GLP‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R) agonists downregulate activation of NF‐κB and adhesion molecules ICAM and VCAM, but not P‐selectin, in both endothelial cell lines. Exendin‐4 and GLP‐1 modulate the expression of MMPs and TIMPs, with statistically significant effects observed at high concentrations of both incretins. Expressive modulation may be mediated by NF‐κB as observed by activation of the vector when stimulated under inflammatory conditions.ConclusionThese findings indicate that GLP‐1 analogs have anti‐inflammatory properties in endothelial cells that may play an important role in preventing atherosclerosis.
Early Eocene Radiolarian Fauna from the Sangdanlin, Southern Tibet: Constraints on the Timing of Initial India‐Asia Collision
Authors: WANG Tianyang , LI Guobiao , LI Xinfa , NIU Xiaolu 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis is a new report on the early Eocene radiolarian fauna from the Sangdanlin section in the Gyirong region, along the southern margin of the Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone. The Sangdanlin section measured in this study is divided into three lithostratigraphic units from bottom to top: the Zongzhuo, Sangdanlin, and Zheya formations. Abundant radiolarian fossils were obtained from the Sangdanlin section and 54 species of 30 genera were identified and assigned as follows: Cryptamphorella conara‐C. macropora the late Cretaceous Zone and Amphisphaera coronate, Buryella tetradica‐Bekoma campechensis, and B. bidartensis‐B. divaricata the Paleocene‐early Eocene Interval Zones. The Paleocene‐early Eocene radiolarian zones are comparable to the radiolarian zones RP4‐RP8 in New Zealand. Based on the data of radiolaria and lithofacies, it is suggested that the Zongzhuo Formation should be deposited along the base of the north‐facing, continental slope of the Greater Indian continental margin, and the Sangdanlin Formation should be a deep marine, sedimentary sequence located in a foreland basin. The early Eocene radiolarian fauna in the Sangdanlin Formation constrains the initial age of the India‐Asia collision to no later than 53.6 Ma.
Archean‐Paleoproterozoic Lithospheric Mantle at the Northern Margin of the North China Craton Represented by Tectonically Exhumed Peridotites
Authors: TIAN Wei , WANG Shuangyue , LIU Fenglin , CHU Zhuyin , WANG Bin , CHEN Mimi , PRICHARD Jennifer 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTectonically emplaced peridotites from North Hebei Province, North China Craton, have retained an original harzburgite mineral assemblage of olivine (54%–58%) + orthopyroxene (40%–46%) +minor clinopyroxene (<1%)+spinel. Samples with boninite‐like chemical compositions also coexist with these peridotites. The spinels within the peridotites have high‐Al end‐members with Al2O3content of 30 wt%–50 wt%, typical of mantle spinels. When compared with experimentally determined melt extraction trajectories, the harzburgites display a high degree of melting and enrichment of SiO2, which is typical of cratonic mantle peridotites. The peridotites display variably enriched light rare earth elements (REEs), relatively depleted middle REEs and weakly fractionated heavy REEs, which suggest a melt extraction of over 25% in the spinel stability field. The occurrence of arc‐ and SSZ‐type chromian spinels in the peridotites suggests that melt extraction and metasomatism occurred mostly in a subduction‐related setting. This is also supported by the geochemical data of the coexisting boninite‐like samples. The peridotites have187Os/188Os ratios ranging from 0.113–0.122, which is typical of cratonic lithospheric mantle. These187Os/188Os ratios yield model melt extraction ages (TRD) ranging from 981 Ma to 2054 Ma, which may represent the minimum estimation of the melt extraction age. The Al2O3–187Os/188Os‐proxy isochron ages of 2.4 Ga‐2.7 Ga suggest a mantle melt depletion age between the Late Achaean and Early Paleoproterozoic. Both the peridotites and boninite‐like rocks are therefore interpreted as tectonically exhumed continental lithospheric mantle of the North China Craton, which has experienced mantle melt depletion and subduction‐related mantle metasomatism during the Neoarchean‐ Paleoproterozoic.
Geological and Geochemical Constraints on the Newly Discovered Yangchongli Gold Deposit in Tongling Region, Lower Yangtze Metallogenic Belt
Authors: DUAN Liu'an , GU Huangling , YANG Xiaoyong 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe newly discovered Yangchongli gold deposit is a unique independent gold deposit in the Tongling ore‐cluster region controlled by the tectonic alteration firstly discovered in the Lower Yangtze Metallogenic Belt (LYMB). The host magmatic rocks mainly consist of monzodiorite and K‐feldspar granite. The LA‐ICP‐MS U‐Pb zircons dating yielded weighted mean 206Pb/238U ages of 140.7 ± 1.8 Ma and 126.4 ± 1.2 Ma for the monzodiorite and K‐feldspar granite, respectively. Monzodiorites are enriched in Sr, Ba, Rb, and depleted in Y, Yb with high Sr/Y and La/Yb ratios, similar to the geochemical features of adakite, considered as products of differentiation of mafic magmas originating from lithospheric mantle melt/fluids caused by metasomatism during paleo‐Pacific Plate subduction in the Mesozic. In contrast, the compositions of K‐feldspar granites are A‐type granites, indicating an extensional tectonic background. Gold ores hosted in the fracture zone occurred as quartz vein within cataclastic rock. Sulfur and lead isotopes from pyrites show crust‐mantle mixing characteristics. Metal components from strata also took part in the gold mineralization, and resulted from two episodes of magmatism that were probably related to tectonic transition from a compressive to an extensional setting between 140–126 Ma, which led to the Mesozoic large‐scale polymetallic mineralization events in eastern China.
Geochronological Constraints on the Haftcheshmeh Porphyry Cu‐Mo‐Au Ore Deposit, Central Qaradagh Batholith, Arasbaran Metallogenic Belt, Northwest Iran
Authors: HASSANPOUR Shohreh , MOAZZEN Mohsen 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe Haftcheshmeh porphyry Cu‐Mo‐Au deposit in the Arasbaran metallogenic belt (AMB) of NW Iran contains more than 185 Mt of ore, with a grade ranging from 0.3% to 0.4%. It is hosted within a porphyritic diorite to granodiorite intruded into an older gabbro ‐ diorite intrusion. 40Ar/39Ar analyses of primary magmatic hornblende from the granodiorite porphyry and gabbro ‐ diorite show plateau ages of 26.41 ± 0.59 Ma, with an inverse isochron age of 25.9 ± 1.0 Ma and a plateau age of 27.47 ± 0.17 Ma, with an inverse isochron age of 27.48 ± 0.35 Ma for these two rock types, respectively. Comparing these new age data with those from the nearby Sungun (20.69 ± 0.35 Ma) and Kighal porphyry deposits defines a northwest‐southeast Cu‐Mo‐Au mineralization zone extending for 20 km over the time span of ∼27 to 20 Ma. Geochemically, Haftcheshmeh rocks are calc‐alkaline with high potassium affinities with tectonic setting in relation to volcanic arc setting. Large ion lithophile elements (LILE) such as Th, U and K show enrichment on a primitive mantle normalized diagram (specially Pb), and are depleted in high field strength elements (HFSE) such as Ti and Nb, pointing to a mantle magma source contamination with crustal materials by subducted oceanic crust.
Geochemical Characteristics and Genetic Types of Natural Gas in the Xinchang Gas Field, Sichuan Basin, SW China
Authors: WU Xiaoqi , LIU Quanyou , LIU Guangxiang , WANG Ping , LI Huaji , MENG Qingqiang , CHEN Yingbin , ZENG Huasheng 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe molecular compositions and stable carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of natural gas from the Xinchang gas field in the Sichuan Basin were investigated to determine the genetic types. The natural gas is mainly composed of methane (88.99%–98.01%), and the dryness coefficient varies between 0.908 and 0.997. The gas generally displays positive alkane carbon and hydrogen isotopic series. The geochemical characteristics and gas‐source correlation indicate that the gases stored in the 5th member of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation are coal‐type gases which are derived from source rocks in the stratum itself. The gases reservoired in the 4th member of the Xujiahe Formation and Jurassic strata in the Xinchang gas field are also coal‐type gases that are derived from source rocks in the 3rd and 4th members of the Xujiahe Formation. The gases reservoired in the 2nd member of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation are mainly coal‐type gases with small amounts of oil‐type gas that is derived from source rocks in the stratum itself. This is accompanied by a small amount of contribution brought by source rocks in the Upper Triassic Ma'antang and Xiaotangzi formations. The gases reservoired in the 4th member of the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation are oil‐type gases and are believed to be derived from the secondary cracking of oil which is most likely to be generated from the Upper Permian source rocks.
Extinction and reinstatement of an operant responding maintained by food in different models of obesity
Authors: Burokas Aurelijus , Martín‐García Elena , Espinosa‐Carrasco Jose , Erb Ionas , McDonald Jerome , Notredame Cedric , Dierssen Mara , Maldonado Rafael 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA major problem in treating obesity is the high rate of relapse to abnormal food‐taking habits after maintaining an energy balanced diet. Alterations of eating behavior such as compulsive‐like behavior and lack of self‐control over food intake play a critical role in relapse. In this study, we used an operant paradigm of food‐seeking behavior on two different diet‐induced obesity models, a free‐choice chocolate‐mixture diet and a high‐fat diet with face validity for a rapid development of obesity or for unhealthy food regularly consumed in our societies. A reduced operant performance and motivation for the hedonic value of palatable chocolate pellets was revealed in both obesity mouse models. However, only mice exposed to high‐fat diet showed an increased compulsive‐like behavior in the absence of the reinforcer further characterized by impaired operant learning, enhanced impulsivity and intensified inflexibility. We used principal component analysis to globally identify the specific behaviors responsible for the differences among diet groups. Learning impairment and inflexible behaviors contributed to a first principal component, explaining the largest proportion of the variance in the high‐fat diet mice phenotype. Reinforcement, impulsion and compulsion were the main contributors to the second principal component explaining the differences in the chocolate‐mixture mice behavioral phenotype. These behaviors were not exclusive of chocolate group because some high‐fat individuals showed similar values on this component. These data indicate that extended access to hypercaloric diets differentially modifies operant behavior learning, behavioral flexibility, impulsive‐like and compulsive‐like behavior, and these effects were dependent on the exposure to each specific diet.
A novel mutation in the HPGD gene causing primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy with digital clubbing in a Pakistani family
Authors: Khan Anwar Kamal , Muhammad Noor , Khan Sher Alam , Ullah Waheed , Nasir Abdul , Afzal Sibtain , Ramzan Khushnooda , Basit Sulman , Khan Saadullah 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPrimary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (PHO) is a congenital multisystemic entity characterized by three major clinical symptoms: pachydermia, periostosis, and digital clubbing. Recently it has been reported that pathogenic mutations in two genes are known to be associated with PHO: HPGD and SLCO2A1. In the present study, a five‐generation consanguineous Pakistani family harboring primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in autosomal‐recessive pattern was ascertained. Whole genome single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyping and sequence analysis revealed a novel homozygous missense mutation (c.577T˃C) of the human HPGD gene in all affected members of the family. The study presented here demonstrate the first case of primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy reported in Pashtun population.
Repeated doses of salbutamol and aeroallergen sensitisation both increased salbutamol‐induced hypoxia in children and adolescents with acute asthma
Authors: Ozer Murat , Buyuktiryaki Betul , Sahiner Umit Murat , Teksam Ozlem , Karaatmaca Betul , Soyer Ozge , Sekerel Bulent Enis 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimWe aimed to identify the frequency, magnitude and risk factors of salbutamol‐induced hypoxia in children with acute asthma.MethodsThis study was conducted at Hacettepe University on children who presented to the paediatric allergy clinic or the paediatric emergency room with acute asthma between July 2014 and June 2015. Vital signs, pulse oximetry‐defined oxygen saturation and modified pulmonary index scores were evaluated before and after the first, second and third doses of nebulised salbutamol and repeated one and 10 days later.ResultsWe included 304 patients (65.7% male) from median age of 5.3 years (range 1–18 years). Salbutamol‐induced hypoxia was detected in 14.7%, 3.9% and 1.3%, respectively, after the first, second and third doses of salbutamol. The risk factors for hypoxia were younger age and a higher modified pulmonary index score, but the risk factors for salbutamol‐induced hypoxia were the number of salbutamol doses given in the last six hours and the presence of aeroallergen sensitisation. The maximum decrease in oxygen saturation after salbutamol was %5.ConclusionAlthough bronchodilators are the first‐line treatment for acute asthma, they caused modest hypoxaemia, especially at repeated doses and, or, in patients with aeroallergen sensitisation.
Uniaxial strain of cultured mouse and rat cardiomyocyte strands slows conduction more when its axis is parallel to impulse propagation than when it is perpendicular
Authors: Buccarello A. , Azzarito M. , Michoud F. , Lacour S. P. , Kucera J. P. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimCardiac tissue deformation can modify tissue resistance, membrane capacitance and ion currents and hence cause arrhythmogenic slow conduction. Our aim was to investigate whether uniaxial strain causes different changes in conduction velocity (θ) when the principal strain axis is parallel vs perpendicular to impulse propagation.MethodsCardiomyocyte strands were cultured on stretchable custom microelectrode arrays, and θ was determined during steady‐state pacing. Uniaxial strain (5%) with principal axis parallel (orthodromic) or perpendicular (paradromic) to propagation was applied for 1 minute and controlled by imaging a grid of markers. The results were analysed in terms of cable theory.ResultsBoth types of strain induced immediate changes of θ upon application and release. In material coordinates, orthodromic strain decreased θ significantly more (P < .001) than paradromic strain (2.2 ± 0.5% vs 1.0 ± 0.2% in n = 8 mouse cardiomyocyte cultures, 2.3 ± 0.4% vs 0.9 ± 0.5% in n = 4 rat cardiomyocyte cultures, respectively). The larger effect of orthodromic strain can be explained by the increase in axial myoplasmic resistance, which is not altered by paradromic strain. Thus, changes in tissue resistance substantially contributed to the changes of θ during strain, in addition to other influences (eg stretch‐activated channels). Besides these immediate effects, the application of strain also consistently initiated a slow progressive decrease in θ and a slow recovery of θ upon release.ConclusionChanges in cardiac conduction velocity caused by acute stretch do not only depend on the magnitude of strain but also on its orientation relative to impulse propagation. This dependence is due to different effects on tissue resistance.
Hard tissue volume stability of guided bone regeneration during the healing stage in the anterior maxilla: A clinical and radiographic study
Authors: Jiang Xi , Zhang Yu , Di Ping , Lin Ye 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundGuided bone regeneration (GBR) is currently the most widely used technique to reconstruct localized peri‐implant bone defects.ObjectivesTo evaluate hard tissue volume stability during the healing stage of GBR with particulate bone graft and resorbable collagen membrane.Materials and methodsTwenty‐eight patients who were missing a single maxillary incisor and required implant placement combined with GBR were randomly assigned to 2 groups: submerged (n = 14) and transmucosal (n = 14) healing groups. Cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed before, immediately after and 6 months post‐surgery. The 3 sets of CBCT data were three‐dimensionally reconstructed and superimposed. Horizontal hard tissue alterations at different vertical levels were recorded. The relative position and distances from the boundary line of the bony defect envelope to the outlines of the augmented ridge were determined immediately post‐augmentation and 6 months after healing.ResultsAugmented ridge underwent horizontal volume reduction during the healing period. Vertical levels (P = .000) rather than healing strategies (submerged or transmucosal) (P = .182) had statistically significant impacts on the reduction width. The boundary line of the ridge defect envelope located within the bony profile immediately after surgery, but outside of the bony profile after 6 months.ConclusionsGBR with resorbable membrane and particulate bovine bone would undergo horizontal volume reduction during the healing stage. New bone formation at the coronal site may only be predictable within the bony envelope.
Implications of the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement for Processed Food Markets
Authors: Devadoss Stephen , Luckstead Jeff 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCanada and the European Union (EU) recently completed the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) to liberalize bilateral trade. Processed food trade between Canada and the EU is one of the fastest growing markets, in spite of large trade restrictions due to high tariffs and egregious nontariff barriers (NTB). The processed food sector is characterized by firms which differ in size, productivity, produce differentiated products, and engage in monopolistic competition. We implement a four‐region (Canada, the EU, the United States, and the Rest of the World) model of the processed food industry, incorporating these firm characteristics to study the effects of CETA. The results show Canadian and EU bilateral trade flows expand, the number of exporting firms rises, and net welfare in both these countries increases. Though CETA does not liberalize NTBs, we examine the impacts of a 40% cut in NTBs to highlight the benefits that would have accrued had CETA also covered NTBs. Under this scenario, the trade flows would have expanded significantly, and, more importantly, Canadian and EU welfare would have risen by 11.8‐ and 39.4‐fold, respectively. Since CETA excludes the United States, the U.S. processed food industry loses due to greater competition in Canadian and the EU markets, and the net U.S. welfare declines.
Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound using bolus injections of contrast agent for assessment of postprandial microvascular blood volume in human skeletal muscle
Authors: Mertz Kenneth H. , Bülow Jacob , Holm Lars 
Published: December 2017

SummaryMethods capable of measuring blood flow in a tissue‐specific manner are needed. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) using bolus injections of SonoVue® is an useful method for assessing postprandial changes in microvascular perfusion in the vastus lateralis muscle. Ten healthy, young subjects were recruited for this study. Six subjects participated in washout and reproducibility protocols to assess washout time of SonoVue® and the reproducibility of the method when measuring microvascular blood volume (MBV). Six subjects (two of which also participated in the washout and reproducibility protocols) participated in exercise and nutrition protocols, to assess the ability of the method to detect changes in MBV in response to these interventions. Intraday variation (coefficients of variation) for MBV indices, as assessed by peak signal intensity (PI) or mean plateau signal intensity (mPI), was high (PI: 19 ± 4·2%; mPI: 23 ± 3·3%). The exercise protocol induced significant increases in MBV indices (PI:+113%, P˂0·0001; mPI:+218%, P˂0·0001) acutely after exercise cessation. There were no changes in MBV indices in response to feeding during the nutrition protocol (PI: P = 0·51; mPI: P = 0·51). We conclude that CEUS using bolus injections of SonoVue® is not capable of detecting changes in MBV of vastus lateralis in response to feeding. This is probably due to the low reproducibility of the method. However, the method is capable of measuring changes in MBV in response to exercise. This method could therefore be used when investigating exercise‐induced changes in microvascular perfusion.