bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing Your Research Pipeline
Authors: Lebo Matthew J. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTA researcher’s “pipeline” refers to the progression of papers from the idea stage to the publication stage. Tenure-track faculty and graduate students often are advised that a busy pipeline is the way to tenure. However, beyond the simple encouragement to “work harder,” “write more,” and “publish more,” not much direction is given to junior scholars regarding how they should think about and manage their research pipeline. How does one develop a large number of papers from their first stages to the pages of respected journals? This article discusses the author’s system for pipeline management. The system works (1) by separating the difficult exercise of publishing a paper into eight manageable stages; and (2) by organizing a set of papers using these steps according to a practicable timeline.
Gender, Teaching Evaluations, and Professional Success in Political Science
Authors: Martin Lisa L. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTEvaluations of teaching effectiveness rely heavily on student evaluations of teaching. However, an accumulating body of evidence shows that these evaluations are subject to gender bias. Theories of leadership and role incongruity suggest that this bias should be especially prominent in large courses. This article examines publicly available data from two large political science departments and finds that female instructors receive substantively and significantly lower ratings than male instructors in large courses. The author discusses the implications of apparent gender bias in teaching evaluations for the professional success of female faculty. Findings of gender bias in evaluations in other fields also hold in political science and are particularly problematic in the evaluation of large courses.
Pre-Law Advising and the Political Science Major: Evidence from Pre-Law Advisors
Authors: Knotts H. Gibbs , Wofford Claire B. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTPolitical science is one of the most popular majors for law school applicants, and studies show that political science majors have high rates of law school admission. In addition, many political science departments have a pre-law advisor. However, little is known about the status of pre-law advising on college campuses or the views of pre-law advisors on political science. This article presents the results of a February 2015 survey of 313 college pre-law advisors from across the United States. The authors discovered that the majority of pre-law advisors hold faculty appointments and serve as pre-law advisors without additional compensation or course releases. Pre-law advisors also rate political science as the second-best major, among 14 popular majors, for preparing students for both admission to and academic success in law school. These findings should be of interest to political scientists as well as other faculty and administrators who are concerned with pre-law advising.
Negotiating the Transatlantic Relationship: An International, Interdisciplinary Simulation of a Real-World Negotiation
Authors: Nance Mark T. , Suder Gabriele , Hall Abigail 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThis article analyzes the effectiveness of an international, interdisciplinary simulation of an ongoing trade negotiation. It thoroughly describes the simulation, provides links to background information for public use, and offers suggestions on ways to further strengthen the learning outcomes achieved.
Movement Commitment among Progressive and Conservative Religio-Political Activists in the United States
Authors: Olson Laura R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this article, I compare progressive and conservative religio-political activists' commitment to their movements (the religious left and right, respectively). I rely on data from the Public Religion Research Institute's 2009 surveys of individuals they identified as religious left activists and religious right activists. Do these activists actually say they identify with the movement with which pollsters assume them to affiliate? How potentially influential do they perceive their movements to be? Third, to what extent do activists support their movement's core social movement organizations? I conclude by arguing that the evidence is mixed that the American religious left lacks influence because its activists tend not to be unified.
Wer gestaltet mein Leben?
Authors: Hopf Alexandra , Büssing Arndt , Elbing Ulrich , Heußner Pia 
Published: April 2016

Zusammenfassung. In der Onkologie ist die psychosoziale Belastung der betreuten Patienten aufgrund der potentiell lebensbedrohlichen Erkrankung erheblich. Während der akuten Behandlung wird der Einfluss auf die eigene Lebensgestaltung eingeschränkt wahrgenommen und sollte thematisiert werden. Es wurde eine kunsttherapeutische Intervention, die KSKT®, speziell für den klinisch-onkologischen Behandlungskontext entwickelt. Ziel der vorgestellten Studie ist die Identifizierung und Beschreibung der Wirkung der KSKT® aus Patientenperspektive. Daten aus Leitfaden gestützten Interviews, die zu drei Messzeitpunkten erhoben wurden (n = 5; vor der Intervention (VDI, T 0) direkt nach der Intervention (NDI, T 1) und nach drei Monaten (NDI 2, T 2), wurden mit Hilfe der Qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse (nach Mayring 2002 , 2008b ) ausgewertet. Aus dem umfangreichen Datenmaterial liessen sich insgesamt sechs Kategorien ermitteln. Die Sinnhaftigkeit der Erkrankung (Kat. 1) war eine der drei meistgenannten Kategorien. Diese wurde vor allem in einer Veränderung der bisherigen eigenen Einstellung gesehen. Auch nahmen die Patientinnen nur geringe Einflussmöglichkeiten auf ihre aktuelle Situation (Kat. 2), aber eine positive Wirkung der kunsttherapeutischen Intervention (Kat. 3) wahr. Die positive Bewertung der KSKT® beruht darauf, dass Patientinnen mit Hilfe der Intervention mehr Einflussmöglichkeiten wahrnahmen.
Polarization-controlled directional scattering for nanoscopic position sensing
Authors: Neugebauer Martin , Woźniak Paweł , Bag Ankan , Leuchs Gerd , Banzer Peter 
Published: April 2016

AbstractControlling the propagation and coupling of light to sub-wavelength antennas is a crucial prerequisite for many nanoscale optical devices. Recently, the main focus of attention has been directed towards high-refractive-index materials such as silicon as an integral part of the antenna design. This development is motivated by the rich spectral properties of individual high-refractive-index nanoparticles. Here we take advantage of the interference of their magnetic and electric resonances to achieve strong lateral directionality. For controlled excitation of a spherical silicon nanoantenna, we use tightly focused radially polarized light. The resultant directional emission depends on the antenna’s position relative to the focus. This approach finds application as a novel position sensing technique, which might be implemented in modern nanometrology and super-resolution microscopy set-ups. We demonstrate in a proof-of-concept experiment that a lateral resolution in the Ångström regime can be achieved.
Experimental realization of Bloch oscillations in a parity-time synthetic silicon photonic lattice
Authors: Xu Ye-Long , Fegadolli William S. , Gan Lin , Lu Ming-Hui , Liu Xiao-Ping , Li Zhi-Yuan , Scherer Axel , Chen Yan-Feng 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAs an important electron transportation phenomenon, Bloch oscillations have been extensively studied in condensed matter. Due to the similarity in wave properties between electrons and other quantum particles, Bloch oscillations have been observed in atom lattices, photonic lattices, and so on. One of the many distinct advantages for choosing these systems over the regular electronic systems is the versatility in engineering artificial potentials. Here by utilizing dissipative elements in a CMOS-compatible photonic platform to create a periodic complex potential and by exploiting the emerging concept of parity-time synthetic photonics, we experimentally realize spatial Bloch oscillations in a non-Hermitian photonic system on a chip level. Our demonstration may have significant impact in the field of quantum simulation by following the recent trend of moving complicated table-top quantum optics experiments onto the fully integrated CMOS-compatible silicon platform.
Quantum simulation of the Hubbard model with dopant atoms in silicon
Authors: Salfi J. , Mol J. A. , Rahman R. , Klimeck G. , Simmons M. Y. , Hollenberg L. C. L. , Rogge S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn quantum simulation, many-body phenomena are probed in controllable quantum systems. Recently, simulation of Bose–Hubbard Hamiltonians using cold atoms revealed previously hidden local correlations. However, fermionic many-body Hubbard phenomena such as unconventional superconductivity and spin liquids are more difficult to simulate using cold atoms. To date the required single-site measurements and cooling remain problematic, while only ensemble measurements have been achieved. Here we simulate a two-site Hubbard Hamiltonian at low effective temperatures with single-site resolution using subsurface dopants in silicon. We measure quasi-particle tunnelling maps of spin-resolved states with atomic resolution, finding interference processes from which the entanglement entropy and Hubbard interactions are quantified. Entanglement, determined by spin and orbital degrees of freedom, increases with increasing valence bond length. We find separation-tunable Hubbard interaction strengths that are suitable for simulating strongly correlated phenomena in larger arrays of dopants, establishing dopants as a platform for quantum simulation of the Hubbard model.
Cell-cycle-independent transitions in temporal identity of mammalian neural progenitor cells
Authors: Okamoto Mayumi , Miyata Takaki , Konno Daijiro , Ueda Hiroki R. , Kasukawa Takeya , Hashimoto Mitsuhiro , Matsuzaki Fumio , Kawaguchi Ayano 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDuring cerebral development, many types of neurons are sequentially generated by self-renewing progenitor cells called apical progenitors (APs). Temporal changes in AP identity are thought to be responsible for neuronal diversity; however, the mechanisms underlying such changes remain largely unknown. Here we perform single-cell transcriptome analysis of individual progenitors at different developmental stages, and identify a subset of genes whose expression changes over time but is independent of differentiation status. Surprisingly, the pattern of changes in the expression of such temporal-axis genes in APs is unaffected by cell-cycle arrest. Consistent with this, transient cell-cycle arrest of APs in vivo does not prevent descendant neurons from acquiring their correct laminar fates. Analysis of cultured APs reveals that transitions in AP gene expression are driven by both cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic mechanisms. These results suggest that the timing mechanisms controlling AP temporal identity function independently of cell-cycle progression and Notch activation mode.
Whi5 phosphorylation embedded in the G1/S network dynamically controls critical cell size and cell fate
Authors: Palumbo Pasquale , Vanoni Marco , Cusimano Valerio , Busti Stefano , Marano Francesca , Manes Costanzo , Alberghina Lilia 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn budding yeast, overcoming of a critical size to enter S phase and the mitosis/mating switch—two central cell fate events—take place in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Here we present a mathematical model of the basic molecular mechanism controlling the G1/S transition, whose major regulatory feature is multisite phosphorylation of nuclear Whi5. Cln3–Cdk1, whose nuclear amount is proportional to cell size, and then Cln1,2–Cdk1, randomly phosphorylate both decoy and functional Whi5 sites. Full phosphorylation of functional sites releases Whi5 inhibitory activity, activating G1/S transcription. Simulation analysis shows that this mechanism ensures coherent release of Whi5 inhibitory action and accounts for many experimentally observed properties of mitotically growing or conjugating G1 cells. Cell cycle progression and transcriptional analyses of a Whi5 phosphomimetic mutant verify the model prediction that coherent transcription of the G1/S regulon and ensuing G1/S transition requires full phosphorylation of Whi5 functional sites.
A nine-atom rhodium–aluminum oxide cluster oxidizes five carbon monoxide molecules
Authors: Li Xiao-Na , Zhang Hua-Min , Yuan Zhen , He Sheng-Gui 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNoble metals can promote the direct participation of lattice oxygen of very stable oxide materials such as aluminum oxide, to oxidize reactant molecules, while the fundamental mechanism of noble metal catalysis is elusive. Here we report that a single atom of rhodium, a powerful noble metal catalyst, can promote the transfer of five oxygen atoms to oxidize carbon monoxide from a nine-atom rhodium–aluminum oxide cluster. This is a sharp improvement in the field of cluster science where the transfer of at most two oxygen atoms from a doped cluster is more commonly observed. Rhodium functions not only as the preferred trapping site to anchor and oxidize carbon monoxide by the oxygen atoms in direct connection with rhodium but also the primarily oxidative centre to accumulate the large amounts of electrons and the polarity of rhodium is ultimately transformed from positive to negative.
Direct Synthesis of Novel and Reactive Sulfide-modified Nano Iron through Nanoparticle Seeding for Improved Cadmium-Contaminated Water Treatment
Authors: Su Yiming , Adeleye Adeyemi S. , Huang Yuxiong , Zhou Xuefei , Keller Arturo A. , Zhang Yalei 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMagnetic sulfide-modified nanoscale zerovalent iron (S-nZVI) is of great technical and scientific interest because of its promising application in groundwater remediation, although its synthesis is still a challenge. We develop a new nanoparticle seeding method to obtain a novel and reactive nanohybrid, which contains an Fe(0) core covered by a highly sulfidized layer under high extent of sulfidation. Syntheses monitoring experiments show that seeding accelerates the reduction rate from Fe2+ to Fe0 by 19%. X-ray adsorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy and extended X-ray absorption fine structure analyses demonstrate the hexahedral Fe-Fe bond (2.45 and 2.83 Å) formation through breaking down of the 1.99 Å Fe-O bond both in crystalline and amorphous iron oxide. The XANES analysis also shows 24.2% (wt%) of FeS with bond length of 2.4 Å in final nanohybrid. Both X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer analyses further confirm that increased nanoparticle seeding results in formation of more Fe0 crystals. Nano-SiO2 seeding brings down the size of single Fe0 grain from 32.4 nm to 18.7 nm, enhances final Fe0 content from 5.9% to 55.6%, and increases magnetization from 4.7 to 65.5 emu/g. The synthesized nanohybrid has high cadmium removal capacity and holds promising prospects for treatment of metal-contaminated water.
Rapid, controllable growth of silver nanostructured surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates for red blood cell detection
Authors: Zhang Shu , Tian Xueli , Yin Jun , Liu Yu , Dong Zhanmin , Sun Jia-Lin , Ma Wanyun 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSilver nanostructured films suitable for use as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates are prepared in just 2 hours by the solid-state ionics method. By changing the intensity of the external direct current, we can readily control the surface morphology and growth rate of the silver nanostructured films. A detailed investigation of the surface enhancement of the silver nanostructured films using Rhodamine 6G (R6G) as a molecular probe revealed that the enhancement factor of the films was up to 1011. We used the silver nanostructured films as substrates in SERS detection of human red blood cells (RBCs). The SERS spectra of RBCs on the silver nanostructured film could be clearly detected at a laser power of just 0.05 mW. Comparison of the SERS spectra of RBCs obtained from younger and older donors showed that the SERS spectra depended on donor age. A greater proportion of the haemoglobin in the RBCs of older donors was in the deoxygenated state than that of the younger donors. This implies that haemoglobin of older people has lower oxygen-carrying capacity than that of younger people. Overall, the fabricated silver substrates show promise in biomedical SERS spectral detection.
Twist-mediated Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition Promotes Breast Tumor Cell Invasion via Inhibition of Hippo Pathway
Authors: Wang Yifan , Liu Jingyi , Ying Xuhua , Lin Pengnian Charles , Zhou Binhua P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTwist is a key transcription factor for Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is a cellular de-differentiation program that promotes invasion and metastasis, confers tumor cells with cancer stem cell (CSC)-like characteristics and increases therapeutic resistance. However, the mechanisms that facilitate the functions of Twist remain unclear. Here we report that Twist overexpression increased expression of PAR1, an upstream regulator of the Hippo pathway; PAR1 promotes invasion, migration and CSC-like properties in breast cancer by activating the transcriptional co-activator TAZ. Our study indicates that Hippo pathway inhibition is required for the increased migratory and invasiveness ability of breast cancer cells in Twist-mediated EMT.
Bi1−xLaxCuSeO as New Tunable Full Solar Light Active Photocatalysts
Authors: Wang Huanchun , Li Shun , Liu Yaochun , Ding Jinxuan , Lin Yuan-Hua , Xu Haomin , Xu Ben , Nan Ce-Wen 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPhotocatalysis is attracting enormous interest driven by the great promise of addressing current energy and environmental crises by converting solar light directly into chemical energy. However, efficiently harvesting solar energy for photocatalysis remains a pressing challenge and the charge kinetics and mechanism of the photocatalytic process is far from being well understood. Here we report a new full solar spectrum driven photocatalyst in the system of a layered oxyselenide BiCuSeO with good photocatalytic activity for degradation of organic pollutants and chemical stability under light irradiation and the photocatalytic performance of BiCuSeO can be further improved by band gap engineering with introduction of La. Our measurements and density-functional-theory calculations reveal that the effective mass and mobility of the carriers in BiCuSeO can be tuned by the La-doping, which are responsible for the tunable photocatalytic activity. Our findings may offer new perspectives for understanding the mechanism of photocatalysis through modulating the charge mobility and the effective mass of carriers and provide a guidance for designing efficient photocatalyts.
Voxel-based analysis of grey and white matter degeneration in cervical spondylotic myelopathy
Authors: Grabher Patrick , Mohammadi Siawoosh , Trachsler Aaron , Friedl Susanne , David Gergely , Sutter Reto , Weiskopf Nikolaus , Thompson Alan J. , Curt Armin , Freund Patrick 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this prospective study, we made an unbiased voxel-based analysis to investigate above-stenosis spinal degeneration and its relation to impairment in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). Twenty patients and 18 controls were assessed with high-resolution MRI protocols above the level of stenosis. Cross-sectional areas of grey matter (GM), white matter (WM) and posterior columns (PC) were measured to determine atrophy. Diffusion indices assessed tract-specific integrity of PC and lateral corticospinal tracts (CST). Regression analysis was used to reveal relationships between MRI measures and clinical impairment. Patients showed mainly sensory impairment. Atrophy was prominent within the cervical WM (13.9%, p = 0.004), GM (7.2%, p = 0.043) and PC (16.1%, p = 0.005). Fractional anisotropy (FA) was reduced in the PC (−11.98%, p = 0.006) and lateral CST (−12.96%, p = 0.014). In addition, radial (+28.47%, p = 0.014), axial (+14.72%, p = 0.005) and mean (+16.50%, p = 0.001) diffusivities were increased in the PC. Light-touch score was associated with atrophy (R2 = 0.3559, p = 0.020) and FA (z score 3.74, p = 0.003) in the PC, as was functional independence and FA in the lateral CST (z score 3.68, p = 0.020). This study demonstrates voxel-based degeneration far above the stenosis at a level not directly affected by the compression and provides unbiased readouts of tract-specific changes that relate to impairment.
Room temperature electrocompetent bacterial cells improve DNA transformation and recombineering efficiency
Authors: Tu Qiang , Yin Jia , Fu Jun , Herrmann Jennifer , Li Yuezhong , Yin Yulong , Stewart A. Francis , Müller Rolf , Zhang Youming 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBacterial competent cells are essential for cloning, construction of DNA libraries, and mutagenesis in every molecular biology laboratory. Among various transformation methods, electroporation is found to own the best transformation efficiency. Previous electroporation methods are based on washing and electroporating the bacterial cells in ice-cold condition that make them fragile and prone to death. Here we present simple temperature shift based methods that improve DNA transformation and recombineering efficiency inE. coliand several other gram-negative bacteria thereby economizing time and cost. Increased transformation efficiency of large DNA molecules is a significant advantage that might facilitate the cloning of large fragments from genomic DNA preparations and metagenomics samples.
NLRP3 Localizes to the Tubular Epithelium in Human Kidney and Correlates With Outcome in IgA Nephropathy
Authors: Chun Justin , Chung Hyunjae , Wang Xiangyu , Barry Rebecca , Taheri Zohreh Mohammad , Platnich Jaye M. , Ahmed Sofia B. , Trpkov Kiril , Hemmelgarn Brenda , Benediktsson Hallgrimur , James Matthew T. , Muruve Daniel A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of experimental renal injury, yet its characterization in human kidney disease remains largely unexplored. NLRP3 expression was evaluated in human kidney biopsies, primary renal tubular cells (HPTC) and correlated to disease outcomes in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN). NLRP3 localized to renal tubules in normal human kidney tissue and to mitochondria within HPTC by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence microscopy. Compared to control kidneys, NLRP3 gene expression was increased in biopsies of patients with IgAN. While NLRP3 expression in IgAN was detected in glomeruli, it remained largely confined to the tubular epithelial compartment. In vitro NLRP3 mRNA and protein expression were transiently induced in HPTC by TGF-β1 but subsequently diminished over time as cells lost their epithelial phenotype in a process regulated by transcription and ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Consistent with the in vitro data, low NLRP3 mRNA expression in kidney biopsies was associated with a linear trend of higher risk of composite endpoint of doubling serum creatinine and end stage renal disease in patients with IgAN. Taken together, these data show that NLRP3 is primarily a kidney tubule-expressed protein that decreases in abundance in progressive IgAN.