bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FPGA-realization of a speed control IC for induction motor drive
Authors: Kung Ying-Shieh , Chen Seng-Chi , Lin Jin-Mu , Tseng Tsung-Chun 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to integrate the function of a speed controller for induction motor (IM) drive, such as the speed PI controller, the current vector controller, the slip speed estimator, the space vector pulse width modulation scheme, the quadrature encoder pulse, and analog to digital converter interface circuit, etc. into one field programmable gate array (FPGA).

Design/methodology/approach
– First, the mathematical modeling of an IM drive, the field-oriented control algorithm, and PI controller are derived. Second, the very high speed IC hardware description language (VHDL) is adopted to describe the behavior of the algorithms above. Third, based on electronic design automation simulator link, a co-simulation work constructed by ModelSim and Simulink is applied to verify the proposed VHDL code for the speed controller intellectual properties (IP). Finally, the developed VHDL code will be downloaded to the FPGA for further control the IM drive.

Findings
– In realization aspect, it only needs 5,590 LEs, 196,608 RAM bits, and 14 embedded 9-bit multipliers in FPGA to build up a speed control IP. In computational power aspect, the operation time to complete the computation of the PI controller, the slip speed estimator, the current vector controller are only 0.28 μs, 0.72 μs, and 0.96 μs, respectively.

Practical implications
– Fast computation in FPGA can speed up the speed response of IM drive system to increase the running performance.

Originality/value
– This is the first time to realize all the function of a speed controller for IM drive within one FPGA.
Agency theory and financial crime: the paradox of the opportunistic executive
Authors: Dion Michel 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to philosophically address the issue of managerial opportunism and to describe the paradox of the opportunistic executive, particularly when the CEO could be considered as a “criminal-to-be”.

Design/methodology/approach
It will be seen to what extent governance mechanisms really contribute to prevent managerial opportunism, particularly through compensation packages (“financial carrots”). Then, Oliver E. Williamson’s viewpoint will be analyzed on opportunism, as his theory has largely influenced the way agency theories actually define managerial opportunism. Williamson was thinking opportunism without referring to philosophical works. The gap in exploring three basic types of opportunism will be filled: the Smithian egoist, the Hobbesian egoist and the Machiavellian egoist.

Findings
The Smithian egoist tries to reach an equilibrium between self-interest and compassion, while the Hobbesian egoist is motivated by self-interest, desire of power and the attitude of prudence. The Machiavellian egoist is always searching for power and makes followers’ fear arising. The way governance mechanisms and structures should be designed and implemented could be quite different if the CEO actually behaves as a Smithian, Hobbesian or Machiavellian egoist. CEO’s propensity to commit financial crime could largely vary from one type to another: low risk (Smithian egoist), medium risk (Hobbesian egoist) or high risk (Machiavellian egoist).

Research limitation/implications
Smith’s, Hobbes’ and Machiavelli’s philosophy was chosen because the agency theory sometimes refers to it, when defining the notion of opportunism. Other philosophies could also be analyzed to see to what extent they are opening the door to opportunism (for example, Spinoza).

Originality/value
The paper analyzes managerial opportunism from a philosophical viewpoint. Whether executives are Smithian, Hobbesian or Machiavellian egoists, their opportunism cannot give birth to similar behaviors.
Can complexity science inform physician leadership development?
Authors: Grady Colleen Marie 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe research that examined physician leadership development using complexity science principles.

Design/methodology/approach
Intensive interviewing of 21 participants and document review provided data regarding physician leadership development in health-care organizations using five principles of complexity science (connectivity, interdependence, feedback, exploration-of-the-space-of-possibilities and co-evolution), which were grouped in three areas of inquiry (relationships between agents, patterns of behaviour and enabling functions).

Findings
Physician leaders are viewed as critical in the transformation of healthcare and in improving patient outcomes, and yet significant challenges exist that limit their development. Leadership in health care continues to be associated with traditional, linear models, which are incongruent with the behaviour of a complex system, such as health care. Physician leadership development remains a low priority for most health-care organizations, although physicians admit to being limited in their capacity to lead. This research was based on five principles of complexity science and used grounded theory methodology to understand how the behaviours of a complex system can provide data regarding leadership development for physicians. The study demonstrated that there is a strong association between physician leadership and patient outcomes and that organizations play a primary role in supporting the development of physician leaders. Findings indicate that a physician’s relationship with their patient and their capacity for innovation can be extended as catalytic behaviours in a complex system. The findings also identified limiting factors that impact physicians who choose to lead, such as reimbursement models that do not place value on leadership and medical education that provides minimal opportunity for leadership skill development.

Practical Implications
This research provides practical applications for physician leadership development and emphasizes that it is incumbent upon physicians and organizations to focus attention on this to achieve improved patient and organizational outcomes.

Originality/value
This study pairing complexity science and physician leadership represents a unique way to view the development of physician leaders within the context of the complex system that is health care.
Ovulatory disorders are an independent risk factor for pregnancy complications in women receiving assisted reproduction treatments
Authors: Barua Sumita , Hng Tien‐Ming , Smith Howard , Bradford Jennifer , McLean Mark 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundConception using assisted reproduction treatments (ART) has been associated with an increased risk of pregnancy complications. It is uncertain if this is caused by ART directly, or is an association of the underlying factors causing infertility.AimsWe assessed the relationship between assisted conception (AC) and maternal or fetal complications in a large retrospective cohort study. In a nested cohort of women receiving infertility treatment, we determined if such risk rests predominantly with certain causes of infertility.Materials and MethodsRetrospective database analysis of 50 381 women delivering a singleton pregnancy in four public hospital obstetric units in western Sydney, and a nested cohort of 508 women receiving ART at a single fertility centre, in whom the cause of infertility was known.ResultsA total of 1727 pregnancies followed AC; 48 654 were spontaneous conceptions. Adjusted for age, body mass index and smoking, AC was associated with increased risk of preterm delivery (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.50–2.02), hypertension (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.34–1.82) and diabetes (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.30–1.75). In the nested cohort, ovulatory dysfunction was present in 145 women and 336 had infertility despite normal ovulatory function. Ovulatory dysfunction was associated with increased risk of diabetes (OR 2.94, 95% CI 1.72–5.02) and hypertension (OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.15–5.00) compared to women with normal ovulatory function.ConclusionsAssisted conception is associated with increased risk of pregnancy complications. This risk appears greatest for women whose underlying infertility involves ovulatory dysfunction. Such disorders probably predispose towards diabetes and hypertension, which is then exacerbated by pregnancy.
Seizure outcome after switching antiepileptic drugs: A matched, prospective study
Authors: Finamore Jon Marc , Sperling Michael R. , Zhan Tingting , Nei Maromi , Skidmore Christopher T. , Mintzer Scott 
Published: July 2016

SummaryObjectiveOutcomes after changing antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have largely been studied in single cohort series. We recently reported the first study to examine this question in a controlled manner. Here we expand on these results by using a matched, prospective methodology applied to both uncontrolled and well‐controlled patients taking any AED.MethodsWe reviewed all outpatient notes over a 9‐month period and identified patients with focal epilepsy who were on monotherapy. We classified those who switched AEDs as case patients, with those remaining on the same drug serving as controls. We matched cases with controls for seizure status (seizure‐free in the preceding 6 months or not), current AED, and number of failed AEDs. We subsequently assessed outcome 6 months later.ResultsSeizure‐free patients who switched drug (n = 12) had a 16.7% rate of seizure recurrence at 6 months, compared to 2.8% among controls remaining on the same drug (n = 36, p = 0.11). There was a 37% remission rate among uncontrolled patients who switched drug compared to 55.6% among controls (n = 27 per group, p = 0.18). Uncontrolled patients who had previously tried more than one AED were somewhat less likely to enter remission (p = 0.057). Neither AED mechanism of action nor change in dosage impacted outcome.SignificanceHerein we provide further estimation of the modest risk (~14%) associated with switching AEDs in patients in remission compared to being maintained on the same regimen. Uncontrolled patients were no more likely to enter remission after a drug switch than they were after remaining on the same drug, suggesting that spontaneous changes in disease state, and not drug response, underlie remission in this population.
Biogenic manganese oxides as reservoirs of organic carbon and proteins in terrestrial and marine environments
Authors: Estes E. R. , Andeer P. F. , Nordlund D. , Wankel S. D. , Hansel C. M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractManganese (Mn) oxides participate in a range of interactions with organic carbon (OC) that can lead to either carbon degradation or preservation. Here, we examine the abundance and composition of OC associated with biogenic and environmental Mn oxides to elucidate the role of Mn oxides as a reservoir for carbon and their potential for selective partitioning of particular carbon species. Mn oxides precipitated in natural brackish waters and by Mn(II)‐oxidizing marine bacteria and terrestrial fungi harbor considerable levels of organic carbon (4.1–17.0 mol OC per kg mineral) compared to ferromanganese cave deposits which contain 1–2 orders of magnitude lower OC. Spectroscopic analyses indicate that the chemical composition of Mn oxide‐associated OC from microbial cultures is homogeneous with bacterial Mn oxides hosting primarily proteinaceous carbon and fungal Mn oxides containing both protein‐ and lipopolysaccharide‐like carbon. The bacterial Mn oxide‐hosted proteins are involved in both Mn(II) oxidation and metal binding by these bacterial species and could be involved in the mineral nucleation process as well. By comparison, the composition of OC associated with Mn oxides formed in natural settings (brackish waters and particularly in cave ferromanganese rock coatings) is more spatially and chemically heterogeneous. Cave Mn oxide‐associated organic material is enriched in aliphatic C, which together with the lower carbon concentrations, points to more extensive microbial or mineral processing of carbon in this system relative to the other systems examined in this study, and as would be expected in oligotrophic cave environments. This study highlights Mn oxides as a reservoir for carbon in varied environments. The presence and in some cases dominance of proteinaceous carbon within the biogenic and natural Mn oxides may contribute to preferential preservation of proteins in sediments and dominance of protein‐dependent metabolisms in the subsurface biosphere.
Solutions for ecosystem‐level protection of ocean systems under climate change
Authors: Queirós Ana M. , Huebert Klaus B. , Keyl Friedemann , Fernandes Jose A. , Stolte Willem , Maar Marie , Kay Susan , Jones Miranda C. , Hamon Katell G. , Hendriksen Gerrit , Vermard Youen , Marchal Paul , Teal Lorna R. , Somerfield Paul J. , Austen Melanie C. , Barange Manuel , Sell Anne F. , Allen Icarus , Peck Myron A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Paris Conference of Parties (COP21) agreement renewed momentum for action against climate change, creating the space for solutions for conservation of the ocean addressing two of its largest threats: climate change and ocean acidification (CCOA). Recent arguments that ocean policies disregard a mature conservation research field and that protected areas cannot address climate change may be oversimplistic at this time when dynamic solutions for the management of changing oceans are needed. We propose a novel approach, based on spatial meta‐analysis of climate impact models, to improve the positioning of marine protected areas to limit CCOA impacts. We do this by estimating the vulnerability of ocean ecosystems to CCOA in a spatially explicit manner and then co‐mapping human activities such as the placement of renewable energy developments and the distribution of marine protected areas. We test this approach in the NE Atlantic considering also how CCOA impacts the base of the food web which supports protected species, an aspect often neglected in conservation studies. We found that, in this case, current regional conservation plans protect areas with low ecosystem‐level vulnerability to CCOA, but disregard how species may redistribute to new, suitable and productive habitats. Under current plans, these areas remain open to commercial extraction and other uses. Here, and worldwide, ocean conservation strategies under CCOA must recognize the long‐term importance of these habitat refuges, and studies such as this one are needed to identify them. Protecting these areas creates adaptive, climate‐ready and ecosystem‐level policy options for conservation, suitable for changing oceans.
Rapid detection and subtyping of European swine influenza viruses in porcine clinical samples by haemagglutinin‐ and neuraminidase‐specific tetra‐ and triplex real‐time RT‐PCRs
Authors: Henritzi Dinah , Zhao Na , Starick Elke , Simon Gaelle , Krog Jesper S. , Larsen Lars Erik , Reid Scott M. , Brown Ian H. , Chiapponi Chiara , Foni Emanuela , Wacheck Silke , Schmid Peter , Beer Martin , Hoffmann Bernd , Harder Timm C. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundA diversifying pool of mammalian‐adapted influenza A viruses (IAV) with largely unknown zoonotic potential is maintained in domestic swine populations worldwide. The most recent human influenza pandemic in 2009 was caused by a virus with genes originating from IAV isolated from swine. Swine influenza viruses (SIV) are widespread in European domestic pig populations and evolve dynamically. Knowledge regarding occurrence, spread and evolution of potentially zoonotic SIV in Europe is poorly understood.ObjectivesEfficient SIV surveillance programmes depend on sensitive and specific diagnostic methods which allow for cost‐effective large‐scale analysis.MethodsNew SIV haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) subtype‐ and lineage‐specific multiplex real‐time RT‐PCRs (RT‐qPCR) have been developed and validated with reference virus isolates and clinical samples.ResultsA diagnostic algorithm is proposed for the combined detection in clinical samples and subtyping of SIV strains currently circulating in Europe that is based on a generic, M‐gene‐specific influenza A virus RT‐qPCR. In a second step, positive samples are examined by tetraplex HA‐ and triplex NA‐specific RT‐qPCRs to differentiate the porcine subtypes H1, H3, N1 and N2. Within the HA subtype H1, lineages “av” (European avian‐derived), “hu” (European human‐derived) and “pdm” (human pandemic A/H1N1, 2009) are distinguished by RT‐qPCRs, and within the NA subtype N1, lineage “pdm” is differentiated. An RT‐PCR amplicon Sanger sequencing method of small fragments of the HA and NA genes is also proposed to safeguard against failure of multiplex RT‐qPCR subtyping.ConclusionsThese new multiplex RT‐qPCR assays provide adequate tools for sustained SIV monitoring programmes in Europe.
Epigenetic silencing of TIMP4 in heart failure
Authors: Chaturvedi Pankaj , Tyagi Suresh C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTissue inhibitor of matrix metalloprotease 4 (TIMP4) is endogenously one of the key modulators of matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP9) and we have reported earlier that cardiac specific TIMP4 instigates contractility and helps in differentiation of cardiac progenitor cells. Although studies show that the expression of TIMP4 goes down in heart failure but the mechanism is unknown. This study aims to determine the mechanism of silencing of TIMP4 in heart failure progression created by aorta‐vena cava (AV) fistula. We hypothesize that there is epigenetic silencing of TIMP4 in heart failure. To validate this hypothesis, we created heart failure model by creating AV fistula in C57BL/6 mice and looked into the promoter methylation (methylation specific PCR, high resolution melting, methylation sensitive restriction enzyme and Na bisulphite treatment followed by sequencing), histone modification (ChIP assay) and microRNAs that regulate TIMP4 (mir122a) and MMP9 (mir29b and mir455‐5p). The physiological parameters in terms of cardiac function after AV fistula were assessed by echocardiography. We observed that there are 7 CpG islands in the TIMP4 promoter which get methylated during the progression of heart failure which leads to its epigenetic silencing. In addition, the up‐regulated levels of mir122a in part, contribute to regulation of TIMP4. Consequently, MMP9 gets up‐regulated and leads to cardiac remodeling. This is a novel report to explain the epigenetic silencing of TIMP4 in heart failure.
P‐glycoprotein overexpression in bone marrow–derived multipotent stromal cells decreases the risk of steroid‐induced osteonecrosis in the femoral head
Authors: Han Ning , Li Zengchun , Cai Zhengdong , Yan Zuoqin , Hua Yingqi , Xu Chong 
Published: July 2016

AbstractP‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) plays a role in steroid‐induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. We hypothesized that P‐gp overexpression can preventONFHby regulating bone marrow–derived multipotent stromal cell (BMSC) adipogenesis and osteogenesis.BMSCs from Sprague–Dawley rats were transfected with green fluorescent protein (GFP) or the multidrug resistance gene 1 (MDR1) encodingGFPand P‐gp. Dexamethasone was used to induceBMSCdifferentiation. Adipogenesis was determined by measuring peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR‐γ) expression and the triglyceride level. Osteogenesis was determined by measuring runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) expression and alkaline phosphatase activity. Forin vivoexperiments, rats were injected with saline,BMSCs expressingGFP(GFP‐BMSCs) orBMSCs expressingGFP‐P‐gp (MDR1‐GFP‐BMSCs). After dexamethasone induction, adipogenesis was determined by measuringPPAR‐γ expression and fatty marrow, whereas osteogenesis was detected by measuring Runx2 expression, trabecular parameters and the mineral apposition rate, followed by evaluation of the incidence ofONFH. Overexpression of P‐gp inBMSCs resulted in markedly decreased expression of adipogenic markers and increased expression of osteogenic markers. Compared with rats injected with saline, rats injected withGFP‐BMSCs showed reducedONFH, and the injectedGFP‐positiveBMSCs attached to trabecular surfaces and exhibited an osteoblast‐like morphology. Compared with the rats injected withBMSCs expressingGFPalone, rats injected withBMSCs overexpressingGFPand P‐gp showed lower adipocytic variables, higher osteogenic variables and lower incidence ofONFH. Overexpression of P‐gp inhibitedBMSCadipogenesis and promoted osteogenesis, which reduced the incidence of steroid‐inducedONFH.
Cost‐effectiveness of regularversusirregular supportive periodontal therapy or tooth removal
Authors: Schwendicke Falk , Stolpe Michael , Plaumann Anna , Graetz Christian 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimFor periodontitis patients, regular supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) decreases risks of tooth loss, with savings for tooth replacement possibly compensatingSPT‐costs. We aimed to assess the cost‐effectiveness of regularversusirregularSPT, and to compare both strategies with immediate tooth removal.MethodsA private payer perspective within German healthcare was adopted. A tooth‐level Markov model was constructed. Replacement of 50% of removed teeth via implant‐supported crowns was modelled in the base case. Cost‐effectiveness was estimated as Euro/tooth retention year using Monte Carlo microsimulations. Scenario analyses were performed.ResultsRegularSPTwas more effective (tooth retention 28.7versus26.1 years), but more costly (806versus731 Euro per tooth), with an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (additional costs per tooth retention year) of 29 Euro/year. RegularSPTwas less costly if costs forSPTper tooth and visit were <5.03 Euro, patients had high risk of tooth loss, or teeth were regularly replaced. Immediately removing and replacing teeth was usually most costly.ConclusionsWithin the chosen healthcare setting and on the basis of current evidence, regularSPTretains teeth longer than irregularSPT, but does not necessarily reduce expenses. Decision‐making should consider the subjective value placed on retaining teeth, the technical feasibility of replacement, and the impact of periodontal on general health.
Tooth loss and alveolar bone crest loss during supportive periodontal therapy in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis: retrospective study with follow‐up of 8 to 15 years
Authors: Díaz‐Faes Lucía , Guerrero Adrián , Magán‐Fernández Antonio , Bravo Manuel , Mesa Francisco 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimTo determine the incidence of tooth loss in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) during supportive periodontal therapy (SPT), identify tooth loss risk factors, and quantify alveolar crest height changes on periapical X‐ray during follow‐up.Material and MethodsThis retrospective study included 25 GAgP patients with 656 teeth after periodontal treatment (baseline). Data were gathered on sociodemographic, periodontal, and radiological variables at baseline and at the end of follow‐up. Linear regression models were used to assess the association of risk factors with tooth loss.ResultsTwenty‐eight teeth were extracted during SPT. The mean tooth loss per patient was 1.12 ± 2.01 for all causes and 0.9 ± 2.0 for periodontal disease after a mean follow‐up of 10.9 ± 2 years. Clinical variables were improved at the end of follow‐up, with a mean reduction of −1 ± 0.8 mm in probing pocket depth (−0.7 to −1.3, 95% CI) and −0.6 ± 0.9 mm in clinical attachment loss (−0.9 to −0.2, 95% CI). Mean alveolar bone crest loss at the end of follow‐up was 0.36 ± 0.56 mm (0.10–0.61, 95% CI). Smoking was associated with tooth loss (p = 0.052).ConclusionsTooth loss rate was low in GAgP in a regular supportive care programme. Clinical variables improved, and bone loss was minimal over time. Smoking was associated with tooth loss.