bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2D Titanium Carbide MXene and Single‐Molecule Fluorescence: Distance‐Dependent Nonradiative Energy Transfer and Leaflet‐Resolved Dye Sensing in Lipid Bilayers
Authors: Manzanares Lorena , Spurling Dahnan , Szalai Alan M. , Schröder Tim , Büber Ece , Ferrari Giovanni , Dagleish Martin R. J. , Nicolosi Valeria , Tinnefeld Philip 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDespite their growing popularity, many fundamental properties and applications of MXene materials remain underexplored. Here, the nonradiative energy transfer properties of 2D titanium carbide MXene are investigated and their application in single‐molecule biosensing is explored for the first time. DNA origami positioners are used for single dye placement immobilized by a specific chemistry based on glycine‐MXene interactions, allowing precise control of their orientation on the surface. Each DNA origami structure carries a single dye molecule at predetermined heights. Single‐molecule fluorescence confocal microscopy reveals that energy transfer of an organic emitter (ATTO 542) on transparent thin films made of spincast Ti3C2Tx flakes follows a cubic distance dependence, where 50% of energy transfer efficiency is reached at 2.7 nm (d0). MXenes are applied as short‐distance spectroscopic nanorulers, determining z distances of dye‐labeled supported lipid bilayers fused on MXene's hydrophilic surface. Hydration layer (2.1 nm) and lipid bilayer thickness (4.5 nm) values that agree with the literature are obtained. These results highlight titanium carbide MXenes as promising substrates for single‐molecule biosensing of ultrathin assemblies, owing to their sensitivity near the interface, a distance regime that is typically inaccessible to other energy transfer tools.
Enhancing the Filler Utilization of Composite Gel Electrolytes via In Situ Solution‐Processable Method for Sustainable Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Fan Yanpeng , Feng Yang , Li Guanwu , Bo Yiwen , Wang Cun , Wang Dong , Qian Yumin , Ma Rujun , Hu Zhe , Zhang Kai , Chen Jun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe composite gel electrolyte (CGE), which combines the advantages of inorganic solid‐state electrolytes and solid polymer electrolytes, is regarded as the ultimate candidate for constructing batteries with high safety and superior electrode‐electrolyte interface contact. However, the ubiquitous agglomeration of nanofillers results in low filler utilization, which seriously reduces structural uniformity and ion transport efficiency, thus restricting the development of consistent and durable batteries. Herein, a solution‐processable method to in situ construct CGE with high filler utilization is introduced. The homogeneous metal–organic framework fillers contribute to uniform ionic and electronic filed distribution, realizing a stable electrode‐electrolyte interface. Consequently, the CGE with high filler utilization achieves an ultra‐long lifespan of 10 000 cycles with a capacity retention of 80.2%. This work provides guidance for constructing high‐performance CGEs in electrochemical energy‐storage devices.
Ultra‐Thin Strain‐Relieving Si1−xGex Layers Enabling III‐V Epitaxy on Si
Authors: Smith Trevor R. , McDermott Spencer , Patel Vatsalkumar , Anthony Ross , Hedge Manu , Bierer Sophie E. , Wang Sunzhuoran , Knights Andrew P. , Lewis Ryan B. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe explosion of artificial intelligence, the possible end of Moore's law, dawn of quantum computing, and the continued exponential growth of data communications traffic have brought new urgency to the need for laser integration on the diversified Si platform. While diode lasers on group III‐V platforms have long‐powered internet data communications and other optoelectronic technologies, direct integration with Si remains problematic. A paradigm‐shifting solution requires exploring new and unconventional materials and integration approaches. In this work, it is shown that a sub‐10‐nm ultra‐thin Si1−xGex buffer layer fabricated by an oxidative solid‐phase epitaxy process can facilitate extraordinarily efficient strain relaxation. The Si1−xGex layer is formed by ion implanting Ge into Si(111) and selectively oxidizing Si atoms in the resulting ion‐damaged layer, precipitating a fully strain‐relaxed Ge‐rich layer between the Si substrate and surface oxide. The efficient strain relaxation results from the high oxidation temperature, producing a periodic network of dislocations at the substrate interface, coinciding with modulations of the Ge content in the Si1−xGex layer and indicating the presence of defect‐mediated diffusion of Si through the layer. The epitaxial growth of high‐quality GaAs is demonstrated on this ultra‐thin Si1−xGex layer, demonstrating a promising new pathway for integrating III‐V lasers directly on the Si platform.
3D Printed Metallic Pillar Nanomechanical Resonators Decorated with TiO2 Nanotubes for Highly Sensitive Environmental Applications
Authors: Lamberti Andrea , Laurenti Marco , Manfredi Diego , Ricciardi Carlo , Stassi Stefano 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMicro and nanomechanical devices offer enhanced sensing capabilities for detecting biological and chemical small molecules. However, miniaturization necessitates advanced fabrication processes and complex measurement systems, hindering routine sensor analysis. While alternative methods like 3D printing show promise, challenges such as low device resolution persist due to intrinsic damping of polymer inks. In this study, an array of micrometric pillar resonators is fabricated in Ti6Al4 V alloy using additive manufacturing based on laser powder bed fusion technology. These metallic nanomechanical resonators exhibit a very high quality factor with minimal difference between air and vacuum measurements due to low intrinsic damping. Furthermore, titania nanotubes grown on the pillars via anodic oxidation heighten sensitivity for molecular dye degradation evaluation. Leveraging the weak coupling phenomenon among the pillars in the array, these devices facilitate large‐scale parallelized measurements, here demonstrated with real‐time analysis of dye degradation process. This approach to creating mass sensing devices via metallic additive manufacturing can usher in a new generation of highly performing resonating sensor arrays, offering a cost‐effective and efficient alternative to traditional silicon microfabrication methods.
Laterally Modulating Carrier Concentration by Ion Irradiation in CdO Thin Films for Mid‐IR Plasmonics
Authors: Cleri Angela J. , He Mingze , Tolchin Maxwell J. , Gubbin Christopher , Lang Eric , Hattar Khalid , De Liberato Simone , Caldwell Joshua D. , Maria Jon‐Paul 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis report demonstrates tunable carrier densities in CdO thin films through local ion irradiation, providing lateral control of mid‐IR optical properties. Ion‐solid interactions produce donor‐like defects that boost electron concentrations from the practical minimum of 2.5 × 1019 cm−3 to a maximum of 2.5 × 1020 cm−3 by metered ion exposure. This range is achieved using He, N, Ar, or Au ions at 1–2.8 MeV; when normalized by displacements per atom, all ion species produce comparable results. Since CdO is well‐described by the Drude model, irradiation‐tuned carrier densities directly alter the infrared dielectric function, and in turn, mid‐infrared optical properties. Further, it is demonstrated that by combining irradiation with traditional lithography, CdO films expose to ions in the presence of 3‐µm thick, patterned photoresist exhibit lateral carrier density profiles with ≈400‐nm resolution. Scanning near‐field optical microscopy reveals sharp optical interfaces with almost no companion contrast in surface morphology, microstructure, or crystallinity. Finally, CdO lateral homostructures supporting surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are demonstrated whose dispersion relation can be tuned through periodic patterning in a monolithic platform by simple nanofabrication. Numerical simulations show these polaritons result from strong coupling between excitations at CdO plasma frequencies and SPPs supported by the platinum substrate.
Photoelectrodes with Enhanced Carrier Generation and Collection Through Optical Simulation and Materials Engineering
Authors: Liu Huiya , Shao Jialin , Zhao Jia , Zhao Jingjing , Zhang Zemin , Huo Hongqing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe efficiency of solar‐fuel conversion in photoelectrochemical (PEC) systems is hindered by significant losses of photons and photocarriers within the photoelectrodes. This study introduces an innovative ITO@In2S3 core‐shell nanowire structure designed to overcome these challenges through cutting‐edge materials engineering and sophisticated simulation techniques. Optical modeling and finite element simulations highlight the conflict between photocarrier generation and collection in planar In2S3 thin films and demonstrate how the core‐shell nanowire geometry can significantly enhance light absorption. The developed ITO@In2S3 nanowire photoanodes achieve a photocurrent of 11.3 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus RHE, which is nearly five times greater than that of planar ITO/In2S3 thin films. Characterization techniques, including UV–vis absorption and charge separation efficiency measurements, confirm the enhanced light absorption and improved carrier collection facilitated by broadening the optical absorption range and reducing carrier transport distances. This research not only deepens the understanding of the dynamics within thin‐film photoelectrodes but also paves the way for the development of more efficient technologies for solar fuel conversion.
Amino Acids for Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes: Conformations, Mechanisms, and Applications
Authors: Islam Amjad , Haider Zeeshan , Imran Muhammad , Li Ming‐De , Hassan Rizwan Ul 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAmong the most auspicious and efficient surface ligand candidates or additives to raise the efficiency of perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are amino acids (AAs), possessing a combination of amino group and carboxylic group. The AA molecules exhibit significant promise for coherent tailoring their molecular conformations to yield remarkable advantages and multi‐functional properties. This raises a question that how PeLED devices can benefit greatly from the small amount of AA molecules integrated in perovskite films. In order to set up a structure–property relationship, the mysteries of the extraordinary improvement in performance of PeLEDs through AAs modification are disclosed. Furthermore, there is a critical discussion of workable guidelines for exploring AAs with optimal molecular conformations. Moreover, recent developments in blue, green, and red PeLED devices incorporating AAs are also highlighted in detail. Lastly, suggestions for future directions in research as well as the logical construction of functional AA molecules for potent and more stable PeLED devices are presented.
New Horizons for Temperature Sensing and Bioimaging Using Er3+‐Doped Core@Shell Nanoparticles and Effects of H2O and D2O Solvents on Their Spectroscopic Properties
Authors: Ryszczyńska Sylwia , Soler‐Carracedo Kevin , Ekner‐Grzyb Anna , Jurga Natalia , Ćwierzona Maciej , Piątkowski Dawid , Grzyb Tomasz 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLanthanide‐doped nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit temperature‐dependent luminescence, enabling the design of luminescent nanothermometers for industrial and medical applications. This research demonstrates the temperature‐sensing properties of NaYF4:7.5%Er3+@NaYF4 and NaErF4@NaYF4 NPs, which have a hexagonal shape and average size of 17 nm. Their core@shell structure is confirmed using high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, and they exhibit intense upconversion (UC) emission under 1532 nm excitation in H2O and D2O colloids. The recorded spectra show Er3+ emission bands with varying intensity ratios depending on the Er3+ concentration, chosen solvent, and temperature. The spectroscopic properties of the studied NPs allow for their excitation and observation of emission within biological windows, which makes them useful for bio‐related applications. The emission of prepared NPs is analyzed as a function of temperature from 298 up to 358/363 K in H2O and D2O. The ratios for thermally‐coupled levels and non‐TCLs and their relative sensitivities are studied. For the high dopant concentration sample in water, the O─H vibrations and blue shift in the absorption spectrum lead to a record relative sensitivity of 2.50% K−1 (at 363 K) for the 2H11/2/4I11/2 ratio. The use of synthesized NPs for bioimaging under 1550 nm excitation is also demonstrated to observe their accumulation in the guts of Daphnia magna.
Processable Circularly Polarized Luminescence for the Synthesis of Chiral Plasmonic Nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Zhiyu , Li Anran , Cao Qinxuan , Liang Wenfei , Feng Jianning , Chang Kin Ting , Xu Zewei , Srivastava Abhishek K , Lu Haipeng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCircularly polarized light is previously shown as a chiral bias to enable the synthesis of chiral plasmonic nanomaterials through light‐matter interactions. The traditional approach for circularly polarized light generation relies on a “top‐down” approach by removing undesired light polarization through optics, which suffers from energy loss and compatibility issues. An alternative approach is to develop chiral phosphors that emit efficient circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). However, most materials fail to produce processable CPL with both high quantum yield and dissymmetry factors, let alone the synthesis of chiral nanomaterials. Herein, a liquid‐crystal‐templated framework is developed to assemble halide perovskite nanocrystals, CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I), and achieved efficient CPL with the record‐high figure of merit (FM) for three primary colors (Red, Green, Blue). The fidelity of the CPL is further demonstrated in the synthesis of chiral gold nanoparticles, where a five‐fold increase in optical activity is achieved.
Vertical Hierarchical Architecture of Niobium Diselenide Nanosheets Loaded ZnO Nanorods for High‐Performance Self‐Powered Broadband Photodetection
Authors: Kumar Mahesh , Huang Bohr‐Ran , Saravanan Adhimoorthy , Chen Sheng‐Chi , Hsiao Wesley Wei‐Wen , Sun Hui 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMaterials with low‐dimensional (1D–2D) structures hold significant promise for electronic and optoelectronic applications owing to their distinctive structural features and inherent properties. These characteristics render them of substantial interest across various scientific domains, particularly in applications related to energy storage, such as supercapacitors and lithium‐ion batteries. Due to their high surface‐to‐volume ratios and unique geometric properties, low‐dimensional materials have attracted considerable attention in developing advanced broadband photodetectors (PDs) with enhanced performance capabilities. In this study, for the first time, the study reports self‐powered broadband PDs based on vertical‐core‐shell niobium diselenide (NbSe2)‐ZnO nanorods (ZNRs), which are produced using a hydrothermal method. Remarkably, the NbSe2(3 ml) doped ZNRs‐based device exhibits outstanding responsivity of 0.62, 23.21, 5.35, 1.11, 0.30 AW−1, detectivity of 2.15 × 1010, 4.10 × 1011, 1.62 × 1011, 8.83 × 1010, 1.42 × 1011 Jones, and high sensitivity of 8.74 × 104%, 5.78 × 105%, 2.71 × 105%, 2.79 × 105%, 1.43 × 105% at wavelengths of 365, 456, 532, 632, and 850 nm, respectively, at zero bias. The NbSe2(3ml)‐ZNRs device showed a rapid response and fall times of 37 ms and 40 ms, enabled by NbSe2 superconductivity. The concept introduced in this study is strongly believed to possess significant potential and can be extensively applied in developing next‐generation integrated optoelectronic, clean energy technology, and photodetection devices based on 1D/2D nanostructures.
Multi‐Channel Optical Encryption Film With Strong Circularly Polarized Luminescence and High Quantum Yield
Authors: Jia Shengzhe , Yang Bingbing , Zhang Yongsheng , Du Jing , Tao Tiantian , Tang Jiaxuan , Zhang Jiayin , Liao Peng , Tang Weiwei , Gong Junbo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDeveloping a sustainable security module with multiple optical states is important to deter counterfeits, but is challenging. This work designs a kind of chiral luminescent film through the co‐assembly of the CNCs and d‐glucose, simultaneously doped with the lanthanide complex and organic dye. Superior mechanical performance makes it undertake various deformations, including twist, and tension without breaking. Meanwhile, this film has unique optical characteristics. On the one hand, the chiroptical signals can be manipulated through the matching of the photonic bandgap and fluorescence peak. On the other hand, due to the co‐assembly with two luminophores, the film displays the excitation wavelength (Ex)‐dependent circularly polarized luminescence properties. Under the Ex of 275 nm, the film simultaneously integrates a large dissymmetry factor of −0.3898, a high quantum yield of 69.19%, and a considerable lifetime of 1381 µs, which has exceeded most reported chiral luminescent assemblies. These multimodal and convertible optics endow the film with practical applications in the anti‐counterfeit. It can be designed as a security label or used as a written paper to encrypt the information. Even in humid surroundings, this security effect is still ensured.
Unsupported Nanoporous Copper Catalyzed Insertion of Carbenes from α‐Diazo Compounds into Hydrosilanes
Authors: Jiang Ruyi , Zheng Xiaojun , Wang Cuiping , Wei Wanguo , Jin Tienan , Zhao Yuhui , Zhang Zhiqiang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe insertion of diazo carbene into Si−H bonds with unsupported nanoporous copper (CuNPore) catalyst has been developed. α‐Aryl diazoesters, diazophosphonates, and unstable aryl diazoalkyls can be used as carbene precursors to exquisitely insert into the Si−H bond of silanes. A variety of α‐silylesters, silylphosphonate, and functionalized arylsilane were obtained in 35–82% yields. The reusability feature of the CuNPore catalyst for this insertion reaction demonstrated its high heterogeneous catalytic activity and practicality. Further, mechanistic studies revealed that the insertion of carbene from diazo compounds into the Si−H bond may include a three‐center concerted transition state on CuNPore.
Leveraging Blood Components for 3D Printing Applications Through Programmable Ink Engineering Approaches
Authors: Sobreiro‐Almeida Rita , Santos Sara C. , Decarli Monize C. , Costa Marcelo , Correia Tiago R. , Babilotte Joanna , Custódio Catarina A. , Moroni Lorenzo , Mano João F. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study proposes a tunable ink engineering methodology to allow 3D printing processability of highly bioactive but otherwise low‐viscous and unprintable blood‐derived materials. The hypothesis relies on improving the viscoelasticity and shear thinning behavior of platelet lysates (PL) and albumins (BSA) solutions by covalent coupling, enabling simultaneous extrusion and photocrosslinking upon filament deposition. The available amine groups on proteins (PL and BSA) are exploited for coupling with carboxyl groups present in methacrylated proteins (hPLMA and BSAMA), by leveraging carbodiimide chemistry. This reaction enabled the creation of a pre‐gel from these extremely low‐viscous materials (≈ 1 Pa), with precise tuning of the reaction, resulting in inks with a range of controlled viscosities and elasticities. Shape‐fidelity analysis is performed on 3D‐printed multilayered constructs, demonstrating the ability to reach clinically relevant sizes (>2 cm in size). After photocrosslinking, the scaffolds showcased a mechanically robust structure with sustained protein release over time. Bioactivity is evaluated using human adipose‐derived stem cells, resulting in increased viability and metabolic activity over time. The herein described research methodology widens the possibilities for the use of low‐viscosity materials in 3D printing but also enables the direct application of patient and blood‐derived materials in precision medicine.
Copper Paste Printed Paper‐Based Dual‐Band Antenna for Wearable Wireless Electronics
Authors: Yang Wendong , Zhao Xun , Nan Jingchang , Hengge Michael , List‐Kratochvil Emil J. W. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWearable wireless electronics is becoming a significant research area because of the unique features of this technology. Within this field printed antennas are the key electrical component accomplishing the signal transmission and energy harvesting tasks and at the same these antennas need to be lightweight, environmentally friendly, safe to wear, and easy to conform. Currently, the majority of available paper‐based antennas are designed for RFID, sensing, UWB, WLAN, and medical applications, with just a few being utilized in wearable applications, particularly for wireless body area network (WBAN). Furthermore, few studies have been conducted on the usage of printable copper conductive materials and low‐temperature plasma technique for the fabrication of such antennas. This study demonstrates the realization of a dual‐band paper‐based wearable antenna by screen‐printing of a plasma‐sintered conductive copper paste. The copper paste, composed of 51 wt% solid particles, can easily produce desired conductive patterns on photo paper after printing and a subsequent plasma sintering, with a good adhesion. The antenna designed on photopaper operates in the frequency bands of 1.73–2.55 GHz and 7.66–8.89 GHz. Free‐space simulation and measurement results reveal that the antenna exhibits stable radiation performance in the targeted WBAN (2.4–2.4835 GHz) and X uplink (7.9–8.4 GHz) frequency bands, together with low profile, excellent conformality and acceptable SAR values on the body and no electronic waste formed after disposal, making it a competitive candidate for usage in wearable wireless electronics.
Metal‐Organic Framework Hosted Silicon for Long‐Cycling, Low‐Cost, and Flexible Batteries
Authors: Phiri Isheunesu , Kim Jeong‐Tae , Kennedy Ssendagire , Ryou Sun‐Yul 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDeveloping biodegradable electrodes is a significant step toward environmental sustainability and cost reduction in battery technology. This paper presents a new approach that utilizes metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐encapsulated silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) as the active anode material within a cellulose‐based electrode. The electrode is free‐standing, flexible, biodegradable, and significantly reduces the strain experienced by SiNPs during volume expansion, resulting in improved capacity and cycle life stability of SiNPs. The high porosity of the electrode creates efficient lithium (Li+) ion transport channels and enhances electrolyte absorption, thus promoting effective contact between the electrolyte and active material. The outcome is rapid electrode kinetics and a highly reversible discharge capacity of 1744.6 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 versus Li/Li+ over 1000 cycles. Further, full cell tests are conducted that demonstrate a stable cycle performance exceeding 3400 cycles, with an initial discharge capacity retention of 80.5% at 0.5 A g−1. By employing cellulose and avoiding toxic organic solvents and binders, the proposed approach is promising for a substantial reduction of the production costs of Li‐ion batteries. The scalability of the proposed method further enhances its practical viability, offering intriguing economic implications for the future of battery technology.