bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of epicuticular waxes from triticale on the feeding behaviour and mortality of the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Wójcicka Agnieszka 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSurface waxes from wax-covered triticale plants (RAH 122) were sprayed on plants of the waxless genotype RAH 366 or the surface waxes were used to make artificial diet preparations. The results were significant increases in the mortality of apterous adults of the grain aphid Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) at all concentrations tested in comparison with those aphids which fed on the control plants or aphids which were reared on the diets. In the choice tests, most aphids settled on plants without surface waxes or on diet preparations which did not have surface waxes (the controls). When the concentration of the surface waxes was increased on one of the plants or surface waxes were increased in the diet preparation, the number of wandering aphids increased. Those aphids which did not wander were mainly on the waxless control plants or on the waxless diet preparations. Aphids did settle on those plants or on the diet preparations which had 100 and 1,000 μg · g-1of surface wax. The aphids rarely settled on the diet preparations containing 10,000 μg ∙ g-1of surface waxes. From these observations it appears that surface waxes can act as a feeding deterrent. Since aphids on plants with surface waxes, or aphids which settled on diet preparations with surface waxes, started to die earlier than aphids fed only the control plants or the control diet preparations, it is possible that the surface waxes had a toxic effect that led to early mortality. Thus, it can be said that the surface waxes caused feeding deterrence and had a toxic effect on the aphids.
Fluid construction grammar as a biological system
Authors: Steels Luc , Szathmáry Eörs 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMapping insights and frameworks from one scientific domain to another is often useful because it encourages communication between different scientific fields and acts as a conduit for the exchange of mathematical and computational tools. This paper introduces analogies between concepts and mechanisms from molecular biology and language processing. The main purpose is to find ways for understanding language as a ‘living’, dynamically evolving, self-organizing system. The analogies have been the main source of inspiration for a computational implementation of construction grammar, called Fluid Construction Grammar (FCG). The paper describes briefly the biological analogies underlying FCG and discusses the opportunities for further research that these analogies open up.
Pudendal Nerve Block in Male Goats: Comparison of Ischiorectal Fossa and Ischial Arch Approaches Using Low Volume 1% Lignocaine Hydrochloride
Authors: Fazili Mujeebur Rehman , Handoo Nida , Mir Mohd Younus , Qureshi Beenish 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Thirty (30) adult male goats were injected xylazine (0.05 mg/kg, IM) and randomly divided into three equal groups. Internal pudendal nerve block was tried using 3.5 ml (on each side) of 1% lignocaine hydrochloride byischiorectal fossa or ischial arch approaches in goats from Group 1 and Group 2 respectively, 15 minutes after giving xylazine. Inadvertent puncture of the rectal wall and prick to the finger placed in the rectum was experienced once in Group 1 animal. None of the animals showed protrusion of the penis without manual manipulation. Prolapse of the prepucial ring was noticed in three animals from Group 1 and two each from Group 2 and 3. The application of mild manual push percutaneously resulted in the exposure of the penis in eight and six animals belonging to Group 1 and Group 2 respectively, 15 minutes after injection of the local anaesthetic. Statistically significant (P>0.05) difference between Group 1 and 2 values was detected only once at 90 minutes following injection of the local anaesthetic. The block lasted longer in animals of Group 1. The exposed organ was flaccid and insensitive. The organ retracted into the prepucial cover within five minutes of its release in all the animals. The penile exposure could not be achieved by similar manipulation in any of the Group 3 animals. From this study it was concluded that the ischiorectal fossa approach is cumbersome and may lead to inadvertent punctures, but the block develops in more number of animals for a longer period than with the ischial arch approach. The outcome of the two techniques did not show statistically significant (P>0.05) difference for most of the assessment period. Reducing the concentration of lignocaine hydrochloride may reduce the chances of continued relaxation of the penis beyond the required period and also the drug toxicity. However, studies using larger volume of 1% lignocaine hydrochloride may be undertaken for short term exposure of the penis without manual manipulation.
Morphology and mitochondrial gene divergence in Hipposideros armiger armiger occurs only in China
Authors: Bu Yanzhen , He Xinping , Zhou Huixian , Zhou Hongwei , Zhang Zongxiao , Zhang Chan , Niu Hongxing 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In China, the status of Hipposideros armiger subspecies remains controversial. To elucidate the H. armiger taxonomy, we conducted a series of surveys of bats in different areas of China between 2011 and 2014. Bats were characterized by 16 external measurements, 25 skull measurements and the sequence analysis of two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome-b and D-loop). Our research indicated that the external and cranial measurements were similar in the samples from the six geographic regions. No obvious differences were detected in H. armiger morphology. Additionally, no significant cytochrome-b sequence divergence existed between the samples within a region (0–0.9%) and among the six regions (0–1.8%). The results obtained for the D-loop were similar, with 0–3.4% divergence within a region and 0–4.5% among the six regions. Moreover, no significant geographic differentiation was observed in the phylogenetic trees. Based on these morphological and molecular results, H. armiger is represented in China by only one subspecies, H. a. armiger.
Generalized Morphology using Sponges
Authors: van de Gronde Jasper J. , Roerdink Jos B. T. M. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Mathematical morphology has traditionally been grounded in lattice theory. For non-scalar data
lattices often prove too restrictive, however. In this paper we present a more general alternative, sponges,
that still allows useful definitions of various properties and concepts from morphological theory. It turns
out that some of the existing work on “pseudo-morphology” for non-scalar data can in fact be considered
“proper” mathematical morphology in this new framework, while other work cannot, and that this correlates
with how useful/intuitive some of the resulting operators are.
N-ary Mathematical Morphology
Authors: Chevallier Emmanuel , Chevallier Augustin , Angulo Jesús 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Mathematical morphology on binary images can be fully described by set theory. However, it is not
sufficient to formulate mathematical morphology for grey scale images. This type of images requires the introduction
of the notion of partial order of grey levels, together with the definition of sup and inf operators.
More generally, mathematical morphology is now described within the context of the lattice theory. For a few
decades, attempts are made to use mathematical morphology on multivariate images, such as color images,
mainly based on the notion of vector order. However, none of these attempts has given fully satisfying results.
Instead of aiming directly at the multivariate case we propose first an extension of binary mathematical morphology
to an intermediary situation: images composed of a finite number of independent unordered labels.
We propose then an second extension to a continuous case.
Agricultural land cover changes in metropolitan areas of Poland for the period 1990–2012
Authors: Nalej Marta 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Agricultural land covers more than half the area of metropolitan areas in Poland, and is therefore particularly prone to the influences of the processes associated with their development. The aim of the study was to analyse changes in agricultural land cover within the metropolitan areas of Poland for the years 1990–2012; and to capture their dynamics, types and directions. The percentage share of the total study area, for each of the forms of agricultural land cover and their changes were traced, with the spatial distribution of the changes also being determined. The results of the study show that in metropolitan areas, agricultural land cover is undergoing transformations that do not result in the loss of agricultural lands, or that involve a decrease in surface area due to their change into anthropogenic forms of land cover. The greatest transitions occurred between 2000 and 2006 and were observed in the outer zones of metropolitan areas.
Powers, Double Prevention and Mental Causation
Authors: Davies Kim 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
S. C. Gibb holds that some mental events enable physical events to take place by acting as ‘double preventers’ which prevent other mental events from effecting change in the physical domain. She argues that this enables a dualist account of psychophysical interaction consistent with the causal relevance of mental events, their distinctness from physical events, the causal closure of the physical and the exclusion of systematic overdetermination. While accepting the causal powers metaphysic, this paper argues that: Closure is maintained only on the assumption of an implausible pre-ordained harmony between preventing and double-preventing mental events. Distinctness is preserved only at the cost of positing brute unexplained powers of mental and physical events to causally interact with each other. Exclusion is systematically violated in a substantial number of everyday cases. The case for Relevance made by the Double Prevention model is accordingly too weak to sustain a dualist approach to mental causation.
Synthesis of structural analogues of GGT1-DU40, a potent GGTase-1 inhibitor
Authors: Mansha Muhammad , Ullah Nisar , Alhooshani Khalid 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
A series of new substituted pyrazoles 2–12 have been synthesized. The synthesized compounds are structural analogues of GGT1-DU40 1, a highly potent and selective inhibitor of protein geranylgeranyltransferase I (GGTase-I) both in vitro and in vivo. The implications of GGTase-I in oncogenesis have highlighted its potential as a cancer therapeutic target. Accordingly, the development of GGTase-I inhibitors has been a subject of much interest. The synthesis of 2–12 stemmed from the acetylation or acylation of N-function of amino acids to produce suitably modified amino acids. Meanwhile, the substituted pyrazole subunit originated from the reaction of ethyl nicotinate with γ-butyrolactone followed by condensation of the resultant β-keto lactone with (3,4-dichlorophenyl)hydrazine. The operations of O-alkylation and thioetherification on the resultant intermediate eventually produced the substituted pyrazole fragment. The amidation of the latter with amino acid derivatives finally rendered 2–12 in good to excellent yields.
Multicomponent Phases with CeAl2Ga2- and Y0.5Co3Ge3-Type Structures in the Gd–Ca–Fe–Co–Ge System
Authors: Gvozdetskyi V. Ya. , Gladyshevskii R. E. , German N. V. 
Published: March 2016

New quinary phases with the CeAl2Ga2 (tI10, I4/mmm) and Y0.5Co3Ge3 (hP8-2, P6/mmm) structure types were found at 500 ºC in the Gd–Ca–Fe–Co–Ge system based on X-ray powder diffraction data. They are Gd1‑xCaxFe2‑yCoyGe2 (x = 0.085(7)-0.551(6), y = 0.25-0.75, a = 3.99468(6)-4.00003(8), c = 10.1279(2)-10.3981(5) Å) and Ca0.5‑xGdxFe3‑yCoyGe3 (x = 0.031(1)-0.314(8), y = 0.75-2.25, a = 5.1081(1)-5.1218(1), c = 3.9751(1)-4.0451(2) Å). The c-parameter of the tetragonal CeAl2Ga2-type (122) phase cell depends much more on the Fe/Co and Gd/Ca ratios, than the a-parameter (which remains nearly the same). The volume of the 122 cell increases with increasing Fe and Ca content. The c-parameter of the hexagonal cell of the Y0.5Co3Ge3-type (0.533) phase also depends more strongly on the Fe/Co content than the a-parameter, but Gd/Ca substitutions have little effect on the cell parameters. The following new quaternary and ternary phases were also discovered: GdFe2‑yCoyGe2 (y = 0.5-1.5, a = 3.99419(5)-3.99750(7), c = 10.3271(2)-10.1173(3) Å) with CeAl2Ga2-type structure and Gd0.5Fe3‑yCoyGe3 (y = 0.75-1.5, a = 5.1247(8)-5.1225(7), c = 4.052(1)-4.010(1) Å), Ca0.5Fe3‑yCoyGe3 (y = 0.75-2.25, a = 5.1153(2)-5.1066(2), c = 4.0451(2)-3.9839(3) Å), Ca0.5Fe3Ge3 (a = 5.10167(9), c = 4.06565(7) Å), and Ca0.5Co3Ge3 (a = 5.0899(2), c = 3.9199(1) Å) with Y0.5Co3Ge3-type structure.
Dynamics of Properties of Laser Beams for Surface Hardening of Metals and Enrichment of Uranium and Transuranic Elements (Review)
Authors: Zavoiko A.S. 
Published: March 2016

In this article considered consequence scientific achievement in laser technology which carry out in last time,and actual in development electron trreat equipment material analisis basic position warmth model evaporation and condensation film, sphere be form.
Discass and analisis problem pass wave interaction and absorb energetic impuls situation, powerful condition on emition characteristics concentration source in they manyfoton ionisation and complex connection for the tecnology regim, and kreterial laser obtaind. This problem developed practical making gas,solution dipping with obtaind new composite tipe will continue of protective coating based on metals with new mechanical and physical-chemical process of need in laser technology.
Biotic factors associated with the spatial distribution of the mistletoe Psittacanthus calyculatus in a tropical deciduous forest of central Mexico
Authors: Arce- Ácosta Ileana , Suzán Azpiri Humberto , García-Rubio Oscar Ricardo 
Published: March 2016

Psittacanthus calyculatus (DC.) G. Don (Loranthaceae) is a neotropical hemiparasitic mistletoe and one of the most abundant and widely distributed species of the genus. Like most mistletoes, the interaction with its hosts and dispersers are directly related with its distribution and community dynamics. For the last decade, the infested areas in central México have increased, becoming a potential plant health problem. The aim of this study was to investigate three main biotic factors associated with the distribution of P. calyculatus in a tropical deciduous forest: (1) the plant community structure, (2) the host spatial distribution and level of association with P. calyculatus , and (3) bird consumers. Modified Whittaker plots were used to analyze the structure and composition of the plant community, comparing a highly infected mistletoe sites with non-infected sites. The spatial distribution and association of P. calyculatus with its most frequent hosts were calculated through a spatial analysis by distance indices. Study sites differed in plant diversity and species composition, showing a positive relation of mistletoe abundance with low diversity sites. The distance indices analysis presented a clumped distribution of P. calyculatus and Acacia hosts, as well as a high association with leguminous species such as A. farnesiana (X = 0.31, P = 0.0041) and A. schaffneri (X = 0.3977, P = 0.001). Three species consumed P. calyculatus’ berries: the Northern mockingbird, the Silky-Flycatcher and the Scott’s Oriole.
«O retorno é o movimento do TAO»: Uma abordagem dialéctica da eficácia organizacional
Authors: Cunha Miguel Pina , Rego Arménio 
Published: March 2016

Frequentemente, as discussões sobre a eficácia organizacional transmitem a ideia de que algumas organizações são mais eficazes do que outras. Neste trabalho, o ponto de partida é distinto: algumas organizações estão mais eficazes que outras. A eficácia é vista, por conseguinte, como um processo e não como um resultado estável. Para explorar esta perspectiva dinâmica, recorremos à filosofia chinesa do taoísmo. Algumas noções simples são usadas para discutir como eficácia e ineficácia, mais do que estados independentes, podem afinal ser duas faces de um mesmo projecto.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17575/rpsicol.v21i1.359
Aceitação da mudança e desempenho dos enfermeiros: A importância do cumprimento das obrigações por parte do hospital
Authors: Chambel Maria José , Sousa Luís 
Published: March 2016

Neste trabalho analisámos a aceitação da mudança no sector da saúde por parte dos enfermeiros. Este estudo procurou integrar a perspectiva que considera a interpretação das razões da mudança (Rousseau & Tijoriwala, 1999; Shapiro, Butter & Burry, 1994) e aquela que considera a ruptura no cumprimento das obrigações da organização (Robinson, 1996) como cruciais para explicar a aceitação da mudança por parte de empregados. Salientámos a importância dessa aceitação, analisando a sua influência no desempenho e Comportamentos de Cidadania Organizacional (CCO) dos empregados. Com uma amostra de 467 enfermeiros de diferentes hospitais da região de Lisboa, verificamos que a aceitação desta mudança hospitalar, com repercussões nas práticas de gestão dos recursos humanos, era não só influenciada pelas razões comunicadas pela hierarquia, mas também pela percepção do cumprimento das obrigações por parte do hospital durante este processo. No entanto, não se verificou o efeito pressuposto de moderação do cumprimento das obrigações sobre a relação entre o tipo de razão e sua aceitação. Além disso, verificou-se que a aceitação desta mudança por parte dos enfermeiros era uma variável com influência nos seus comportamentos da cidadania organizacional (avaliados pela chefia directa).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17575/rpsicol.v21i1.362
Insegurança em meio urbano: o espaço na mediação de oportunidades delituosas
Authors: Heitor Teresa V. 
Published: March 2016

O risco de insegurança em meio urbano, entendido quer como o medo do crime, quer como a falta de adesão ao sistema normativo da sociedade, constitui um factor inibidor de qualidade de vida. Daí decorrem fortes penalizações para a população, condicionando o modo como usufrui o espaço urbano e exerce a sua quotidianidade. Parte-se do princípio que a ocorrência de delitos em meio urbano está relacionada com a “oportunidade” da acção ser cometida. A oportunidade ocorre do confronto entre o delinquente e o alvo ou vítima, numa situação vulnerável. Neste processo, o espaço urbano constitui-se como um mediador de oportunidades, emitindo informações sobre a situação. A ausência de sinais de vigilância (activa ou passiva) facilita a ocorrência de delitos. No artigo, analisam-se as condições espaciais responsáveis por fomentar o controlo informal do espaço urbano, i.e., os mecanismos de “vigilância natural”, e exploram-se as formas de maximizar os seus efeitos. O artigo está organizado em duas partes. Na primeira caracteriza-se o conceito de vigilância natural e as formas de a exercer. Na segunda faz-se uma revisão crítica das diferentes abordagens ao conceito de vigilância natural, focalizada nos trabalhos pioneiros de Jacobs (1962) e Newman (1972). Discute-se as medidas de intervenção e de prevenção por eles sugeridas e introduzem-se as metodologias posteriormente desenvolvidas por Jefferey (1978) e Hillier (1984). Conclui-se que essa vigilância esta relacionada com as condições de interacção física e social presentes no espaço urbano e depende da acção conjunta de vigilantes activos e/ou passivos.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17575/rpsicol.v21i2.365
Embodied Piety: Sacrament Houses and Iconoclasm in the Sixteenth-Century Low Countries
Authors: Van Bruaene Anne-Laure 
Published: March 2016

On the eve of the Beeldenstorm, a great number of churches in the Low Countries had a sacrament house, a shrine for the Corpus Christi, often metres high. These monstrance-like tabernacles were nearly all destroyed by iconoclasts between 1566 and 1585. This essay discusses the dialectics between the construction and destruction of sacrament houses before and after the Beeldenstorm. It argues against a strict divide between material devotion and spiritual belief by highlighting the intertwining of Catholic and Calvinist embodied pieties. Fuelled by their opposing conceptions of the Eucharist, Catholic devotees and Protestant iconoclasts both engaged with sacrament houses and other expressions of the Corpus Christi devotion (processions, miracle cults et cetera) in a deliberate and intensely physical manner. This article is part of the special issue 'Beeldenstorm'. Aan de vooravond van de Beeldenstorm stond in heel wat kerken in de Nederlanden een sacramentshuis, een vaak metershoge toren met het uiterlijk van een reusachtige monstrans, waarin het Corpus Christi werd tentoongesteld. Deze tabernakels werden haast allemaal vernield door iconoclasten tussen 1566 en 1585. Dit artikel bestudeert het samenspel tussen het optrekken en afbreken van sacramentshuizen voor en na de Beeldenstorm. De centrale stelling luidt dat we af moeten van een strikte scheiding tussen materiële devotie en spiritueel geloof. Zowel katholieken als calvinisten beleefden hun geloof op een belichaamde manier en hun handelingen waren steeds verweven. Vrome katholieke leken en protestantse beeldenstormers hadden sterk conflicterende ideeën over de eucharistie, maar juist daarom gingen ze op een heel bewuste en uiterst lichamelijke manier om met de sacramentshuizen en andere uitingen van sacramentsvroomheid zoals ommegangen en mirakelcultussen. Dit artikel maakt deel uit van het themanummer 'Beeldenstorm'.