bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
C60 AS A PROBE FOR ASTROPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Brieva A. C. , Gredel R. , Jäger C. , Huisken F. , Henning T. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
The C60 molecule has been recently detected in a wide range of astrophysical environments through its four active intramolecular vibrational modes (T
1u) near 18.9, 17.4, 8.5, and 7.0 μm. The strengths of the mid-infrared emission bands have been used to infer astrophysical conditions in the fullerene-rich regions. Widely varying values of the relative intrinsic strengths (RIS) of these four bands are reported in laboratory and theoretical papers, which impedes the derivation of the excitation mechanism of C60 in the astrophysical sources. The spectroscopic analysis of the C60 samples produced with our method delivers highly reproducible RIS values of 100, 25 ± 1, 26 ± 1 and 40 ± 4. A comparison of the inferred C60 emission band strengths with the astrophysical data shows that the observed strengths cannot be explained in terms of fluorescent or thermal emission alone. The large range in the observed 17.4 μm/18.9 μm emission ratios indicates that either the emission bands contain significant contributions from emitters other than C60, or that the population distribution among the C60 vibrational modes is affected by physical processes other than thermal or UV excitation, such as chemo-luminescence from nascent C60 or possibly Poincaré fluorescence resulting from an inverse internal energy conversion. We have carefully analyzed the effect of the weakly active fundamental modes and second order modes in the mid-infrared spectrum of C60, and propose that neutral C60 is the carrier of the unidentified emission band at 6.49 μm which has been observed in fullerene-rich environments.
SUZAKU OBSERVATIONS OF MODERATELY OBSCURED (COMPTON-THIN) ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI SELECTED BY SWIFT/BAT HARD X-RAY SURVEY
Authors: Kawamuro Taiki , Ueda Yoshihiro , Tazaki Fumie , Ricci Claudio , Terashima Yuichi 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
We report the results obtained by a systematic, broadband (0.5–150 keV) X-ray spectral analysis of moderately obscured (Compton-thin,

22
≤
log

N

H

<
24

) active galactic nuclei (AGNs) observed with Suzaku and Swift/Burst Alert Telescope (BAT). Our sample consists of 45 local AGNs at

z
<
0.1

with

log

L

14
−
195

keV

>
42

detected in the Swift/BAT 70-month survey, whose Suzaku archival data are available as of 2015 December. All spectra are uniformly fit with a baseline model composed of an absorbed cutoff power-law component, reflected emission accompanied by a narrow fluorescent iron-Kα line from cold matter (torus), and scattered emission. The main results based on the above analysis are as follows. (1) The photon index is correlated with Eddington ratio, but not with luminosity or black hole mass. (2) The ratio of the luminosity of the iron-Kα line to the X-ray luminosity an indicator of the covering fraction of the torus, shows significant anticorrelation with luminosity. (3) The averaged reflection strength derived from stacked spectra above 14 keV is larger in less luminous (

log

L

10
−
50

keV

≤
43.3

,

R
=

1.04

−
0.19

+
0.17

) or highly obscured (

log

N

H

>
23

,

R
=

1.03

−
0.17

+
0.15

) AGNs than in more luminous (

log

L

10
−
50

keV

>
43.3

,

R
=

0.46

−
0.09

+
0.08

) or lightly obscured (

log

N

H

≤
23

,

R
=

0.59

−
0.10

+
0.09

) objects. (4) The ratio of the luminosity of the

[
O

IV
]

25.89 μm line to the X-ray luminosity is significantly smaller in AGNs with lower soft X-ray scattering fractions, suggesting that the former luminosity underestimates the intrinsic power of an AGN buried in a torus of small opening angle.
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FOOTPOINTS OF SOLAR MAGNETIC FLUX ROPES DURING ERUPTIONS
Authors: Cheng X. , Ding M. D. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
We investigate the footpoints of four erupted magnetic flux ropes (MFRs) that appear as sigmoidal hot channels prior to the eruptions in the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly high temperature passbands. The simultaneous Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager observations disclose that one footpoint of the MFRs originates in the penumbra or penumbra edge with a stronger magnetic field, while the other originates in the moss region with a weaker magnetic field. The significant deviation of the axes of the MFRs from the main polarity inversion lines and associated filaments suggests that the MFRs have ascended to a high altitude, thus becoming distinguishable from the source sigmoidal active regions. Further, with the eruption of the MFRs, the average inclination angle and direct current at the footpoints with stronger magnetic fields tend to decrease, which is suggestive of a straightening and untwisting of the magnetic field in the MFR legs. Moreover, the associated flare ribbons also display an interesting evolution. They initially appear as sporadic brightenings at the two footpoints of the MFRs and in the regions below, and then quickly extend to two slender sheared J-shaped ribbons with the two hooks corresponding to the two ends of the MFRs. Finally, the straight parts of the two ribbons separate from each other, evolving into two widened parallel ones. These features mostly conform to and support the recently proposed three-dimensional standard coronal mass ejection/flare model, i.e., the twisted MFR eruption stretches and leads to the reconnection of the overlying field that transits from a strong to weak shear with increasing height.
A ROBUST MEASURE OF DARK MATTER HALO ELLIPTICITIES
Authors: Evslin Jarah 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
In simulations of the standard cosmological model (ΛCDM), dark matter halos are aspherical. However, so far the asphericity of an individual galaxy’s halo has never been robustly established. We use the Jeans equations to define a quantity that robustly characterizes a deviation from rotational symmetry. This quantity is essentially the gravitational torque and it roughly provides the ellipticity projected along the line of sight. We show that the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), with a single epoch of observations combined with those of the Gaia Space Telescope, can distinguish the ΛCDM value of the torque from zero for each Sculptor-like dwarf galaxy with a confidence between 0 and 5σ, depending on the orientation of each halo. With two epochs of observations, TMT will achieve a 5σ discovery of torque and thus asphericity for most such galaxies, thus providing a new and powerful test of the ΛCDM model.
Q1549-C25: A CLEAN SOURCE OF LYMAN-CONTINUUM EMISSION AT z = 3.15∗
Authors: Shapley Alice E. , Steidel Charles C. , Strom Allison L. , Bogosavljević Milan , Reddy Naveen A. , Siana Brian , Mostardi Robin E. , Rudie Gwen C. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
We present observations of Q1549-C25, an

∼

L

*

star-forming galaxy at z = 3.15 for which Lyman-continuum (LyC) radiation is significantly detected in deep Keck/LRIS spectroscopy. We find no evidence of contamination from a lower-redshift interloper close to the line of sight in the high signal-to-noise spectrum of Q1549-C25. Furthermore, the morphology of Q1549-C25 in V
606, J
125, and H
160
Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging reveals that the object consists of a single, isolated component within 1″. In combination, these data indicate Q1549-C25 as a clean spectroscopic detection of LyC radiation, only the second such object discovered to date at z ∼ 3. We model the spectral energy distribution of Q1549-C25, finding evidence of negligible dust extinction, an age (assuming continuous star formation) of ∼1 Gyr, and a stellar mass of

M

*

=
7.9
×

10

9

M

⊙

. Although it is not possible to derive strong constraints on the absolute escape fraction of LyC emission, f
esc(LyC), from a single object, we use simulations of intergalactic and circumgalactic absorption to infer

f

esc

(
LyC
)
≥
0.51

at 95% confidence. The combination of deep Keck/LRIS spectroscopy and Hubble Space Telescope imaging is required to assemble a larger sample of objects like Q1549-C25, and obtain robust constraints on the average f
esc(LyC) at z ∼ 3 and beyond.
Les réactions en Belgique au traité de Turin de 1860. Enjeux sécuritaires et effervescence patriotique
Authors: Chevalier Christophe 
Published: July 2016

Du jour où Napoléon III a restauré le trône impérial de France, le gouvernement belge n’a plus pu regarder sans inquiétudes les remous provoqués par les velléités annexionnistes de son turbulent voisin. Le traité de Turin est à cet égard un moment clé : l’annexion de Nice et de la Savoie ranime l’ambition séculaire de la politique étrangère française, le rêve quasi mythique des frontières naturelles. Si les autorités belges craignent une manœuvre similaire pour s’emparer de la Belgique, le traité de Turin a aussi eu un impact fondamental dans le développement du sentiment national belge. C’est précisément cette « sécuritisation » du sentiment national dans la politique étrangère belge que cet article se propose d’aborder.
Slipping and holding minds: A psychosocial analysis of maternal subjectivity in relation to childhood disability
Authors: Saville Young Lisa , Berry Jessie 
Published: July 2016

Background: This paper elucidates a methodological approach to interview text that tries to acknowledge the psychosocial nature of disability and thereby ensuring that empirical work in disability studies complements theoretical arguments already developed.Objectives: The aim of this study is to outline a psychosocial conceptualisation of maternal subjectivity in relation to childhood disability and to apply this conceptualisation as an analytic tool to segments of an interview with a mother of a child with physical and developmental disabilities.Method: Drawing on psychoanalysis and attachment literature alongside critical social psychology we take readers through the analysis of an interview extract with a particular mother. Through a fine grained analysis, we demonstrate the value of attending to the affective processes in and around the text rooted in the particular intersubjective exchange (‘here and how’) of the interview and the particular socio-historical context (‘there and then’) in which the mother, child and researcher are located.Findings: The reading draws attention to discourses that position this particular mother and her children in particular ways while also pointing to investments in these discourses such that these discourses are not purely social but play affective functions.Conclusion: This paper demonstrates the value of using multiple lenses to read the text, seeking to understand what is going on from within each lens (discursive/social, interpersonal, intrapsychic), while also seeking to disrupt this understanding as we take up the position of a different lens. This approach enables us to hold onto the complexity and locatedness of maternal subjectivity for mothers of children with disabilities.
Cardiac arrhythmia in Wilson’s disease: An oversighted and overlooked entity!
Authors: Bajaj Bhupender Kumar , Wadhwa Ankur , Singh Richa , Gupta Saurabh 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTWilson’s disease is a multisystem disorder which manifests with hepatic, neurological, musculoskeletal, hematological, renal, and cardiac symptoms. The hepatic and neurological manifestations often overshadow the other system involvement including cardiac symptoms and signs, which may prove fatal. We report a case of a young female who presented with progressive parkinsonian features and dystonia for around 4 months followed 2 months later by the complaint of episodes of light-headedness. She was diagnosed to have Wilson’s disease based on the presence of Kayser–Fleischer ring and laboratory parameters of copper metabolism. Electrocardiography of the patient incidentally revealed 2nd degree Mobitz type-1 atrioventricular block explaining her episodes of light-headedness. She was started on penicillamine and trihexyphenidyl. The heart block improved spontaneously. Cardiac autonomic function tests including blood pressure response to standing and heart rate response to standing were observed to be normal. We review the literature on cardiac manifestations of Wilson’s disease and emphasize that patients with Wilson’s disease should be assessed for cardiac arrhythmia and cardiac dysfunction as these may have therapeutic and prognostic implications.
Simulación numérica de inundación de valles fluviales mediante un modelo difusivo implícito
Authors: Fernández-Pato J. , García-Navarro P. 
Published: July 2016

<p>En este trabajo se presenta un modelo difusivo de flujo superficial para la resolución eficiente de problemas de inundación de valles fluviales. La discretización espacial se realiza mediante un esquema upwind de volúmenes finitos, aplicado en una malla triangular no estructurada. Para la discretización temporal se ha empleado un esquema implícito, lo que conlleva la generación de un sistema de tantas ecuaciones como celdas de cálculo tenga la malla computacional. Para su resolución, se ha empleado el método del Gradiente Biconjugado Estabilizado (BiCGStab). La eficiencia computacional se mide realizando una comparación de tiempos de CPU de las versiones explícita e implícita del mismo esquema numérico aplicado al modelo de onda difusiva. El estudio demuestra que, en general, el modelo difusivo se beneficia de una discretización temporal implícita, aumentando su eficiencia en gran medida frente al uso de un esquema explícito. Debido al carácter no lineal de la ecuación difusiva, un paso de tiempo mayor no siempre garantiza un menor coste computacional y resulta necesario encontrar el paso de tiempo óptimo para cada problema. Se ha aplicado el modelo difusivo a un caso test de inundación de valle fluvial propuesto por la UK Environmetal Agency para evaluar su capacidad predictiva en relación a modelos comerciales. Por último, se han comparado los resultados de calado y nivel de agua proporcionados por el modelo propuesto con los generados por una formulación matemática basada en las ecuaciones completas de aguas poco profundas no encontrándose diferencias relevantes en el ejemplo analizado.</p>
In Vitro Antihepatoma Activity of Novel 3D-Copper Cyanide Supramolecular Coordination Polymers
Authors: Darwish Noura M , Sultan Ahmed S , Malki Ahmed M , Khamis Hossam , El-Ziady Mohamed 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of novel 3D-organocopper supramolecular coordination polymers (SCPs) on the invasive potential of HepG2 cells. Chemoprevention could represent an important means to inhibit the process of hepatocarcinogenesis. The inhibitory effect of an SCP compound on the proliferation of HepG2 hepatoma cells was evaluated by cell vibility assay. DNA ladder bands were observed by DNA agarose gel electrophoresis. The influence of the SCP compound on phosphorylated ERK1/2, Bcl-2, and β-catenin protein expression of HepG2 cells was analyzed by Western blot. The SCP compound exerted an inhibitory effect on HepG2 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. This inhibitory effect was confirmed by examination of cell morphology and DNA fragmentation. Furthermore, Western blot analysis revealed that phosphorylated ERK1/2 and β-catenin protein expression was inhibited after 24 h of treatment with the SCP compound, and that this event was associated with decreased Bcl-2 expression. We concluded that SCP can effectively inhibit the invasive potential of the ERK signaling pathway in HepG2 cells by altering apoptosis and by inhibiting Bcl-2 and β-catenin, which may play a significant role in this process.
Hair Follicle and Sebaceous Gland De Novo Regeneration With Cultured Epidermal Stem Cells and Skin-Derived Precursors
Authors: Wang Xiaoxiao , Wang Xusheng , Liu Jianjun , Cai Ting , Guo Ling , Wang Shujuan , Wang Jinmei , Cao Yanpei , Ge Jianfeng , Jiang Yuyang , Tredget Edward E. , Cao Mengjun , Wu Yaojiong 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Stem cell-based organ regeneration is purported to enable the replacement of impaired organs in the foreseeable future. Here, we demonstrated that a combination of cultured epidermal stem cells (Epi-SCs) derived from the epidermis and skin-derived precursors (SKPs) was capable of reconstituting functional hair follicles and sebaceous glands (SG). When Epi-SCs and SKPs were mixed in a hydrogel and implanted into an excisional wound in nude mice, the Epi-SCs formed de novo epidermis along with hair follicles, and SKPs contributed to dermal papilla in the neogenic hair follicles. Notably, a combination of culture-expanded Epi-SCs and SKPs derived from the adult human scalp were sufficient to generate hair follicles and hair. Bone morphogenetic protein 4, but not Wnts, sustained the expression of alkaline phosphatase in SKPs in vitro and the hair follicle-inductive property in vivo when SKPs were engrafted with neonatal epidermal cells into excisional wounds. In addition, Epi-SCs were capable of differentiating into sebocytes and formed de novo SGs, which excreted lipids as do normal SGs. Thus our results indicate that cultured Epi-SCs and SKPs are sufficient to generate de novo hair follicles and SGs, implying great potential to develop novel bioengineered skin substitutes with appendage genesis capacity.

Significance
In postpartum humans, skin appendages lost in injury are not regenerated, despite the considerable achievement made in skin bioengineering. In this study, transplantation of a combination of culture-expanded epidermal stem cells and skin-derived progenitors from mice and adult humans led to de novo regeneration of functional hair follicles and sebaceous glands. The data provide transferable knowledge for the development of novel bioengineered skin substitutes with epidermal appendage regeneration capacity.
Computational fluid dynamics modelling of left valvular heart diseases during atrial fibrillation
Authors: Scarsoglio Stefania , Saglietto Andrea , Gaita Fiorenzo , Ridolfi Luca , Anselmino Matteo 
Published: July 2016

Background:Although atrial fibrillation (AF), a common arrhythmia, frequently presents in patients with underlying valvular disease, its hemodynamic contributions are not fully understood. The present work aimed to computationally study how physical conditions imposed by pathologic valvular anatomy act on AF hemodynamics.Methods:We simulated AF with different severity grades of left-sided valvular diseases and compared the cardiovascular effects that they exert during AF, compared to lone AF. The fluid dynamics model used here has been recently validated for lone AF and relies on a lumped parameterization of the four heart chambers, together with the systemic and pulmonary circulation. The AF modelling involves: (i) irregular, uncorrelated and faster heart rate; (ii) atrial contractility dysfunction. Three different grades of severity (mild, moderate, severe) were analyzed for each of the four valvulopathies (AS, aortic stenosis, MS, mitral stenosis, AR, aortic regurgitation, MR, mitral regurgitation), by varying–through the valve opening angle–the valve area.Results:Regurgitation was hemodynamically more relevant than stenosis, as the latter led to inefficient cardiac flow, while the former introduced more drastic fluid dynamics variation. Moreover, mitral valvulopathies were more significant than aortic ones. In case of aortic valve diseases, proper mitral functioning damps out changes at atrial and pulmonary levels. In the case of mitral valvulopathy, the mitral valve lost its regulating capability, thus hemodynamic variations almost equally affected regions upstream and downstream of the valve. In particular, the present study revealed that both mitral and aortic regurgitation strongly affect hemodynamics, followed by mitral stenosis, while aortic stenosis has the least impact among the analyzed valvular diseases.Discussion:The proposed approach can provide new mechanistic insights as to which valvular pathologies merit more aggressive treatment of AF. Present findings, if clinically confirmed, hold the potential to impact AF management (e.g., adoption of a rhythm control strategy) in specific valvular diseases.
Europa's surface composition from near‐infrared observations: A comparison of results from linear mixture modeling and radiative transfer modeling
Authors: Shirley James H. , Jamieson Corey S. , Dalton J. Bradley 
Published: July 2016

AbstractQuantitative estimates of the abundance of surface materials and of water ice particle grain sizes at five widely separated locations on the surface of Europa have been obtained by two independent methods in order to search for possible discrepancies that may be attributed to differences in the methods employed. Results of radiative transfer (RT) compositional modeling (also known as intimate mixture modeling) from two prior studies are here employed without modification. Areal (or “checkerboard”) mixture modeling, also known as linear mixture (LM) modeling, was performed to allow direct comparisons. The failure to model scattering processes (whose effects may be strongly nonlinear) in the LM approach is recognized as a potential source of errors. RT modeling accounts for nonlinear spectral responses due to scattering but is subject to other uncertainties. By comparing abundance estimates for H2SO4 · nH2O and water ice, obtained through both methods as applied to identical spectra, we may gain some insight into the importance of “volume scattering” effects for investigations of Europa's surface composition. We find that both methods return similar abundances for each location analyzed; linear correlation coefficients of ≥ 0.98 are found between the derived H2SO4 · nH2O and water ice abundances returned by both methods. We thus find no evidence of a significant influence of volume scattering on the compositional solutions obtained by LM modeling for these locations. Some differences in the results obtained for water ice grain sizes are attributed to the limited selection of candidate materials allowed in the RT investigations.
On the evolution and form of coherent flow structures over a gravel bed: Insights from whole flow field visualization and measurement
Authors: Hardy R. J. , Best J. L. , Parsons D. R. , Marjoribanks T. I. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe microtopography of a gravel bed river has been shown to generate turbulent flow structures that originate from shear flow generated in the near‐bed region. Although field and laboratory measurements have shown that such flows contain a range of coherent flow structures (CFS), the origin, evolution, and characteristics of the turbulent structures are poorly understood. Here we apply a combined experimental methodology using planar laser‐induced fluorescence and particle imaging velocimetry (LIF‐PIV) to measure simultaneously the geometric, kinematic, and dynamic characteristics of these CFS. The flow structures were analyzed by applying standard Reynolds decomposition and Lagrangian vortex detection methods to understand their evolution, propagation, and growth in the boundary layer and characterize their internal dynamical complexity. The LIF results identify large, individual, fluid packets that are initiated at the bed through shear that generate a bursting mechanism. When these large individual fluid packets are analyzed through direct flow measurement, they are found to contain several smaller scales of fluid motion within the one larger individual fluid parcel. Flow measurements demonstrate that near‐bed shear controls the initiation and evolution of these CFS through merging with vortex chains that originate at the bed. The vortex chains show both the coalescence in the formation of the larger structures and also the shedding of vortices from the edges of these packets, which may influence the life span and mixing of CFS in open channels. The life span and geometric characteristics of such CFS are critical in influencing the duration and intensity of near‐bed stresses that are responsible for the entrainment of sediment.