bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anchor Babies and Welfare Queens: An Essay on Political Rhetoric, Gendered Racism, and Marginalization
Authors: Foster Carly Hayden 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The phrases anchor baby and welfare queen are examples of gendered racist political rhetoric publicly used by lawmakers to marginalize vulnerable populations. In the 1980s and 1990s, the phrase welfare queen was used by lawmakers to describe poor single women who had multiple children, allegedly for the purpose of financial gain at the expense of U.S. taxpayers. The term anchor baby has been used more recently to describe the children of unauthorized immigrant women who, some lawmakers assert, come to the United States to have babies for personal gain at the expense of U.S. taxpayers. This essay explores public statements of U.S. lawmakers engaging in anchor baby discourse. By analyzing the ways that these two different but functionally similar phrases have been used by U.S. lawmakers, we gain an understanding of the use of political rhetoric in marginalizing women and families of color.
2017/6 Danish Supreme Court holds there is no duty to reassign an employee during the notice period (DK)
Authors: Norrbom Mariann 
Published: April 2017

2017/6 Danish Supreme Court holds there is no duty to reassign an employee during the notice period (DK)
In a precedent-setting case, the Danish Supreme Court recently ruled that a pregnant employee under notice, who claimed discrimination because she had not been reassigned to a vacant position that arose during the notice period, was not discriminated against.
2017/8 The importance of complying with the appropriate procedure when unilaterally amending material terms of employment, as an alternative to termination (FI)
Authors: Swanljung Kaj , Nurminen Janne 
Published: April 2017

2017/8 The importance of complying with the appropriate procedure when unilaterally amending material terms of employment, as an alternative to termination (FI)
Following consultations with its employees in accordance with the Finnish Codetermination Act (334/2007), a company informed the employees that it would close down its current office premises and move its operations, including all of its employees, to another location. An employee, whose employment contract expressly stipulated the location of the old office as the fixed place of work, refused to transfer and did not arrive at the new place of work after the transfer. The company considered the employee’s absence unjustified and terminated her employment with immediate effect. The Supreme Court held that an employer can, as an alternative to termination of employment, unilaterally amend material terms of employment provided it notifies the employees sufficiently clearly of the terms being amended, the time when the new terms would come into effect, the grounds for termination, and the consequences of not accepting the amendments.
Laparoscopic colorectal surgery for colorectal polyps: experience of ten years
Authors: Dulskas Audrius , Kuliešius Žygimantas , Samalavičius Narimantas E. 
Published: April 2017

Background. Laparoscopy or its combination with endoscopy is the next step for “difficult” polyps. The purpose of the paper was to review the outcomes of the laparoscopic approach to the management of “difficult” colorectal polyps.
Materials and methods. From 2006 to 2016, 58 patients who underwent laparoscopic treatment for “difficult” polyps that could not be treated by endoscopy at the National Cancer Institute, Lithuania, were included. The demographic data, the type of surgery, length of post-operative stay, complications, and final pathology were reviewed prospectively.
Results. The mean patient was 65.9 ± 8.9 years of age. Laparoscopic mobilization of the colonic segment and colotomy with removal of the polyp was performed in 15 (25.9%) patients, laparoscopic segmental bowel resection in 41 (70.7%) cases: anterior rectal resection with partial total mesorectal excision in 18 (31.0%), sigmoid resection in nine (15.5%), left hemicolectomy in seven (12.1%), right hemicolectomies in two (3.4%), ileocecal resection in two (3.4%), resection of transverse colon in two (3.4%), and sigmoid resection with transanal retrieval of specimen in one (1.7%). Two patients (3.4%) underwent laparoscopicassisted endoscopic polypectomy. The mean post-operative hospital stay was 5.7 ± 2.4 days. There were four complications (6.9%). All patients recovered after conservative treatment. The mean polyp size was 3.5 ± 1.9 cm. Final histopathology revealed hyperplastic polyps (n = 2), tubular adenoma (n = 9), tubulovillous adenoma (n = 31), carcinoma in situ (n = 12), and invasive cancer (n = 4).
Conclusions. For the management of endoscopically unresectable polyps, laparoscopic surgery is currently the technique of choice.
Analysis of prognostic factors for melanoma patients
Authors: Lideikaitė Andrė , Mozūraitienė Julija , Letautienė Simona 
Published: April 2017

Introduction. Melanoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer. Morbidity from melanoma is increasing every year. Previous studies have revealed that there are some demographic and clinical factors having effect on melanoma survival prognosis.
Aim of the study. Purpose of our study was to assess melanoma survival depending on prognostic factors, such as age, sex, stage, depth, histology and anatomical site.
Materials and methods. We investigated melanoma-specific survival up to 10 years in 85 primary cases of melanoma from diagnosis at the National Cancer Institute in 2006. Analysis was performed for one-, five-, and ten-year survival. The data were processed with Microsoft Excel, data analysis was conducted using SPSS® software.
Results. Melanomas diagnosed at stage IV or thicker than 4.00 mm had lower survival (five-year survival: 12.5% and 26.66%, respectively). A significant survival difference was observed among the different stages (p = 0.003) and different depths (p = 0.049) of melanoma. Ten-year survival was 32% for men and 61% for women, but melanoma-specific survival dependent on sex did not have a statistically significant difference (p = 0.121). In persons diagnosed at the age of 65 or older, ten-year survival was lower than in those of 40–64 years of age and in the age group of 15–39 years (44.44% and 26.66%, respectively), but melanoma-specific survival in different age groups did not have a statistically significant difference (p = 0.455). Back/breast skin melanoma had lower ten-year survival (37.03%) than other anatomic sites. Nodular melanoma had the poorest five-year and ten-year melanoma-specific survival among histological subtypes (51.67% and 38.75%). The differences between melanoma localizations (p = 0.457) and histological types (p = 0.364) were not statistically significant.
Conclusions. Lower melanoma-specific survival rates were observed among patients diagnosed at a late stage, older age, and when melanomas were thicker than 4.00 mm. Female and younger patients had better melanoma-specific survival than men and older people, and these differences were statistically significant. Melanoma diagnosed at an early stage and of a small depth had higher survival rates. Back/breast skin melanoma had poorer prognosis than other anatomic sites. Nodular melanoma had the lowest melanoma-specific survival, while superficial spreading or lentigo maligna had the best prognosis among histological subtypes. However, differences in melanoma survival in different sex and age groups, localizations and histological types were not statistically significant.
Hemofagocitinė limfohistiocitozė: literatūros apžvalga
Authors: Bereikienė Simona , Rascon Jelena 
Published: April 2017

Hemofagocitinė limfohistiocitozė – tai sindromas, besivystantis dėl sutrikusios imuninio atsako aktyvacijos ir slopinimo pusiausvyros. Išskiriama pirminė (genetinė arba šeiminė) sindromo forma, nulemta genų, dalyvaujančių imuninių ląstelių sąveikoje, mutacijų; ir antrinė (sporadinė) forma, besivystanti dėl infekcijos, navikinio, autoimuninio proceso ar metabolinių sutrikimų. Antrinės hemofagocitinės limfohistiocitozės genetinis pagrindas kol kas nežinomas. Pirminei ir antrinei formoms būdingas toks pats specifinis hiperuždegiminių reakcijų bei klinikinių simptomų kompleksas, kuriuo grindžiama patologijos diagnostika. Tačiau pirminės ir antrinės formų atskyrimas dažnai tampa iššūkiu dėl patologijos retumo, plataus klinikinių požymių spektro, dėl riboto specifinių testų prieinamumo ir, svarbiausia, gydymo taktikos ypatumų. Etiopatogenetinis pirminės formos gydymas yra skubi alogeninė kraujodaros kamieninių ląstelių transplantacija, be kurios išeitis neišvengiamai fatali. Antrinės formos gydymas priklauso nuo klinikinės išraiškos ir ją sukėlusios infekcijos pobūdžio. Labai svarbi laiku atlikta diagnostika norint kuo skubiau pradėti tinkamą gydymą bei pagerinti išgyvenamumą. Hemofagocitinės limfohistiocitozės gydymą komplikuoja didelis su gydymu susijęs mirtingumo dažnis bei ligos polinkis recidyvuoti.
Reconfigurer l’action enseignante pour la (re) découvrir : traces du répertoire didactique évolutif
Authors: Cicurel Francine 
Published: April 2017

Cette étude se propose d’interroger les fondements théoriques et épistémologiques d’une pratique de recherche qui suscite la production d’un commentaire oral et spontané d’enseignants placés devant le visionnement de leur propre action d’enseignement. Sur quels indices s’appuie le chercheur pour pouvoir conférer à ces discours la capacité de dévoiler quelque chose ayant trait au rapport entre discours, action et pensée enseignante ? Pour aborder cette question, on proposera de s’attacher plus particulièrement à des incidents de planification, moments d’accroc, de dilemmes, de regrets où selon l’expression de Schütz (1998), l’enseignant affronte « un monde n’allant pas de soi ». Nous pensons ici à des séquences de corpus où se jouent des rapports au savoir, aux occasions manquées ou à prendre au vol. Dans ces moments de fracture apparaissent des indices d’un répertoire didactique en évolution. Ce qui nous conduira à nous interroger sur les discours d’autoconfrontations comme matériau textuel dont l’étude renseigne sur la construction des savoirs professionnels et leur évolution.
Discours académiques et discours professionnels : positionnement et savoirs des enseignants en formation
Authors: Dobrowolska Dominika , Balslev Kristine , Tominska Edyta , Mosquera Santiago , Vanhulle Sabine 
Published: April 2017

L’une des voies proposées pour former des enseignants réflexifs, consiste à amener les formés à problématiser ou analyser les actions menées en classe à l’aune d’apports théoriques de la formation académique dans des cadres formalisés. Ceci est notamment le cas pour les entretiens tripartites de stage, qui se situent à l’intersection du monde professionnel et du monde académique. Dans ce cadre, les formés produisent des discours complexes dans lesquels ils se positionnent, se réfèrent à de savoirs multiples, tout en décrivant et analysant le travail effectué en stage. Considérant que l’analyse de ces discours éclaire une part du développement professionnel, cette contribution regarde de près ce qui se joue et s’apprend dans ces entretiens. En comparant l’évolution des problématiques professionnelles de deux enseignants en formation, les résultats portent sur trois éléments clés : le positionnement qu’adopte l’EF par rapport à ce qu’il dit et à ses interlocuteurs, la manière dont il intègre les éléments théoriques de la formation dans son discours, et la façon dont il met en récit les situations de travail et les événements vécus en stage. Ils mettent notamment en évidence différentes manières d’analyser les pratiques de stage correspondant à deux formes de discours : une forme académique et une forme professionnelle.
Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas simulation with optimized ocean, sea ice, and thermodynamic ice shelf model parameters
Authors: Nakayama Y. , Menemenlis D. , Schodlok M. , Rignot E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractRecent studies suggest that the thickness of Winter Water (WW), that is, water with potential temperature below ∼−1°C located below Antarctic Surface Water and above Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) is critical in determining the ice shelf melt rate, especially for the Pine Island Glacier (PIG). Existing model studies, however, misrepresent WW thickness and properties in the Amundsen Sea (AS). Here, we adjust a small number of model parameters in a regional Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas configuration of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model in order to reproduce properties and thickness of WW and CDW close to observations, with significant improvement for WW compared to previous studies. The cost, which is defined as weighted model‐data difference squared, is reduced by 23%. Although a previous modeling study points out that the local surface heat loss upstream from Pine Island Polynya could be the reason for the observed 2012 PIG melt decline and WW thickening, they did not show WW freshening, which was observed at the same time. Model sensitivity experiments for surface heat loss, PIG melt rate, and precipitation fail to replicate WW freshening concurrent with PIG melt decline, implying that these processes cannot fully explain the observed PIG melt decrease.
Spatial patterns of mixing in the Solomon Sea
Authors: Alberty M. S. , Sprintall J. , MacKinnon J. , Ganachaud A. , Cravatte S. , Eldin G. , Germineaud C. , Melet A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe Solomon Sea is a marginal sea in the southwest Pacific that connects subtropical and equatorial circulation, constricting transport of South Pacific Subtropical Mode Water and Antarctic Intermediate Water through its deep, narrow channels. Marginal sea topography inhibits internal waves from propagating out and into the open ocean, making these regions hot spots for energy dissipation and mixing. Data from two hydrographic cruises and from Argo profiles are employed to indirectly infer mixing from observations for the first time in the Solomon Sea. Thorpe and finescale methods indirectly estimate the rate of dissipation of kinetic energy (ϵ) and indicate that it is maximum in the surface and thermocline layers and decreases by 2–3 orders of magnitude by 2000 m depth. Estimates of diapycnal diffusivity from the observations and a simple diffusive model agree in magnitude but have different depth structures, likely reflecting the combined influence of both diapycnal mixing and isopycnal stirring. Spatial variability of ϵ is large, spanning at least 2 orders of magnitude within isopycnal layers. Seasonal variability of ϵ reflects regional monsoonal changes in large‐scale oceanic and atmospheric conditions with ϵ increased in July and decreased in March. Finally, tide power input and topographic roughness are well correlated with mean spatial patterns of mixing within intermediate and deep isopycnals but are not clearly correlated with thermocline mixing patterns.
Broadband optical properties of biomass‐burning aerosol and identification of brown carbon chromophores
Authors: Bluvshtein Nir , Lin Peng , Flores J. Michel , Segev Lior , Mazar Yinon , Tas Eran , Snider Graydon , Weagle Crystal , Brown Steven S. , Laskin Alexander , Rudich Yinon 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe radiative effects of biomass‐burning aerosols on regional and global scales can be substantial. Accurate modeling of the radiative effects of smoke aerosols requires wavelength‐dependent measurements and parameterizations of their optical properties in the UV and visible spectral ranges along with improved description of their chemical composition. To address this issue, we used a recently developed approach to retrieve the time‐ and spectral‐dependent optical properties of ambient biomass‐burning aerosols from 300 to 650 nm wavelengths during a regional nighttime bonfire festival in Israel. During the biomass burning event, the overall absorption at 400 nm increased by about 2 orders of magnitude, changing the single scattering albedo from a background level of 0.95 to 0.7. Based on the new retrieval method, we provide parameterizations of the wavelength‐dependent effective complex refractive index from 350 to 650 nm for freshly emitted and slightly aged biomass‐burning aerosols. In addition, PM2.5 filter samples were collected for detailed offline chemical analysis of the water‐soluble organics that contribute to light absorption. Nitroaromatics were identified as major organic species responsible for the increased absorption at 400 to 500 nm. Typical chromophores include 4‐nitrocatechol, 4‐nitrophenol, nitrosyringol, and nitroguaiacol; oxidation‐nitration products of methoxyphenols; and known products of lignin pyrolysis. Our findings emphasize the importance of both primary and secondary organic aerosols from biomass burning in absorption of solar radiation and in effective radiative forcing.
Concentration‐discharge relationships in headwater streams of the Sierra Nevada, California
Authors: Hunsaker Carolyn T. , Johnson Dale W. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe examined stream water concentration‐discharge relationships for eight small, forest watersheds ranging in elevation from 1485 to 2465 m in the southern Sierra Nevada. These headwater streams revealed nearly chemostatic behavior by current definitions for K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, Cl–, and
in most cases but not for
,
, or ortho‐P. The latter ions were somewhat enriched during high flows. All ions studied showed a dilution process at lower flows (<50 L s−1) with the concentration‐discharge relationship being more chemostatic at higher flows. While previous studies in the Sierra Nevada have reported peak concentrations of
,
, and
during snowmelt, the headwater systems of the Kings River Experimental Watersheds experience peak concentrations of these ions during the fall rains after the dry summer. These forested watersheds span the rain‐snow transition zone, are 49–228 ha in size, and have soils derived from granite. A statistically significant relationship between soils and stream water concentrations for ortho‐P, Ca2+, and Na+ strongly suggests that soil chemistry has a major influence on stream water chemistry. Factors controlling stream water
,
, and
concentrations are less clear, but one possible source of spikes in these ions during storm events is input from O‐horizon runoff where high concentrations were measured. Overall, stream water concentration‐discharge relationships for these Sierran watersheds are similar to those found in other watershed systems (nearly chemostatic); however, the dominant processes controlling these relationships are probably localized because of different watershed characteristics like soil chemistry, vegetation cover, hydrologic flow paths, and weather patterns.
Inferring reservoir operating patterns across the Mekong Basin using only space observations
Authors: Bonnema Matthew , Hossain Faisal 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis study explores the operating pattern of artificial reservoirs by examining their impact on streamflow through two parameters, residence time and flow alteration, using a purely satellite‐based technique for the Mekong Basin. Overall residence times of individual reservoirs ranged from 0.09 to 4.04 years, while streamflow was altered between 11 and 130% of its natural variability. The current set of reservoirs appears to have increased the residence time of the entire Mekong basin by about 1 month. However, if subbasin variability is considered, the satellite‐based method depicts a different picture. Residence time increases to 4 months when only regulated flows are considered. If low residence time reservoirs on major rivers are excluded and reservoirs on higher stream‐order rivers considered, residence time increases to 1.3 years. Predictable strong seasonal patterns emerged in residence time, where reservoirs experience higher residence time in the dry season and lower residence time in the wet season and residence time varies inversely with precipitation. High variability in reservoir effects on streamflow between reservoirs could not be explained by any reservoir properties (e.g., size, use, location, etc.), highlighting the variability in the human decisions operating these reservoirs. The take‐home message of this study is that satellite observations, in combination with physical models forced with satellite data, can elucidate the spatiotemporal variability of reservoir behavior in ungauged basins of the developing world. We demonstrate in this study that the requirement for ground data to monitor current or historical behavior of dams is not necessary.
Targeted ocean sampling guidance for tropical cyclones
Authors: Chen Sue , Cummings James A. , Schmidt Jerome M. , Sanabia Elizabeth R. , Jayne Steven R. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA 3‐D variational ocean data assimilation adjoint approach is used to examine the impact of ocean observations on coupled tropical cyclone (TC) model forecast error for three recent hurricanes: Isaac (2012), Hilda (2015), and Matthew (2016). In addition, this methodology is applied to develop an innovative ocean observation targeting tool validated using TC model simulations that assimilate ocean temperature observed by Airborne eXpendable Bathy Thermographs and Air‐Launched Autonomous Micro‐Observer floats. Comparison between the simulated targeted and real observation data assimilation impacts reveals a positive maximum mean linear correlation of 0.53 at 400–500 m, which implies some skill in the targeting application. Targeted ocean observation regions from these three hurricanes, however, show that the largest positive impacts in reducing the TC model forecast errors are sensitive to the initial prestorm ocean conditions such as the location and magnitude of preexisting ocean eddies, storm‐induced ocean cold wake, and model track errors.
Diacetyl (butanedione) – Method for the determination of diacetyl in workplace air using liquid chromatography (HPLC‐UV or HPLC‐MS) [Air Monitoring Methods, 2016]
Authors: Schuh C. , Kirchner M. , Hebisch R. , Brock T.H. , Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: April 2017

This analytical method is a validated measurement procedure for the determination of 2,3‐butanedione (diacetyl) in workplace air in a concentration range of a tenth up to twice the currently valid Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL) or MAK value. Sampling is performed by drawing a defined volume of air through a cartridge filled with silica gel impregnated with 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) using a suitable flow‐regulated pump with a volumetric flow rate of 1 mL/min. For sampling 1 hour or 15 min (checking the short‐term value) can be used. The formed diacetyl‐2,4‐DNPH derivatives are desorbed with acetonitrile containing a defined amount of DNPH and analysed by means of liquid chromatography (HPLC‐UV or HPLC‐MS). Quantitative evaluation is based on a 10‐point calibration using methacrolein‐2,4‐DNPH as internal standard. The limit of quantification for diacetyl is 0.002 mg/m3based on an air sample volume of approx. 60 L or 0.006 mg/m3based on an air sample volume of approx. 15 L (for short‐term value).Joint Publication of the Analytical Subcommittee of the Chemistry Board of Experts of the Expert Committee Raw Materials and Chemical Industry of the German Social Accident Insurance and the Working Group “Air Monitoring Methods” of the Permanent Senate Commission of the DFG for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area.