bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TARP γ-2 and γ-8 Differentially Control AMPAR Density Across Schaffer Collateral/Commissural Synapses in the Hippocampal CA1 Area
Authors: Yamasaki Miwako , Fukaya Masahiro , Yamazaki Maya , Azechi Hirotsugu , Natsume Rie , Abe Manabu , Sakimura Kenji , Watanabe Masahiko 
Published: April 2016

The number of AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) at synapses is the major determinant of synaptic strength and varies from synapse to synapse. To clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms, the density of AMPARs, PSD-95, and transmembrane AMPAR regulatory proteins (TARPs) were compared at Schaffer collateral/commissural (SCC) synapses in the adult mouse hippocampal CA1 by quantitative immunogold electron microscopy using serial sections. We examined four types of SCC synapses: perforated and nonperforated synapses on pyramidal cells and axodendritic synapses on parvalbumin-positive (PV synapse) and pravalbumin-negative interneurons (non-PV synapse). SCC synapses were categorized into those expressing high-density (perforated and PV synapses) or low-density (nonperforated and non-PV synapses) AMPARs. Although the density of PSD-95 labeling was fairly constant, the density and composition of TARP isoforms was highly variable depending on the synapse type. Of the three TARPs expressed in hippocampal neurons, the disparity in TARP γ-2 labeling was closely related to that of AMPAR labeling. Importantly, AMPAR density was significantly reduced at perforated and PV synapses in TARP γ-2-knock-out (KO) mice, resulting in a virtual loss of AMPAR disparity among SCC synapses. In comparison, TARP γ-8 was the only TARP expressed at nonperforated synapses, where AMPAR labeling further decreased to a background level in TARP γ-8-KO mice. These results show that synaptic inclusion of TARP γ-2 potently increases AMPAR expression and transforms low-density synapses into high-density ones, whereas TARP γ-8 is essential for low-density or basal expression of AMPARs at nonperforated synapses. Therefore, these TARPs are critically involved in AMPAR density control at SCC synapses.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAlthough converging evidence implicates the importance of transmembrane AMPA-type glutamate receptor (AMPAR) regulatory proteins (TARPs) in AMPAR stabilization during basal transmission and synaptic plasticity, how they control large disparities in AMPAR numbers or densities across central synapses remains largely unknown. We compared the density of AMPARs with that of TARPs among four types of Schaffer collateral/commissural (SCC) hippocampal synapses in wild-type and TARP-knock-out mice. We show that the density of AMPARs correlates with that of TARP γ-2 across SCC synapses and its high expression is linked to high-density AMPAR expression at perforated type of pyramidal cell synapses and synapses on parvalbumin-positive interneurons. In comparison, TARP γ-8 is the only TARP expressed at nonperforated type of pyramidal cell synapses, playing an essential role in low-density or basal AMPAR expression.
Monocyte-Derived Macrophages Contribute to Spontaneous Long-Term Functional Recovery after Stroke in Mice
Authors: Wattananit Somsak , Tornero Daniel , Graubardt Nadine , Memanishvili Tamar , Monni Emanuela , Tatarishvili Jemal , Miskinyte Giedre , Ge Ruimin , Ahlenius Henrik , Lindvall Olle , Schwartz Michal , Kokaia Zaal 
Published: April 2016

Stroke is a leading cause of disability and currently lacks effective therapy enabling long-term functional recovery. Ischemic brain injury causes local inflammation, which involves both activated resident microglia and infiltrating immune cells, including monocytes. Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) exhibit a high degree of functional plasticity. Here, we determined the role of MDMs in long-term spontaneous functional recovery after middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice. Analyses by flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry revealed that monocytes home to the stroke-injured hemisphere., and that infiltration peaks 3 d after stroke. At day 7, half of the infiltrating MDMs exhibited a bias toward a proinflammatory phenotype and the other half toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype, but during the subsequent 2 weeks, MDMs with an anti-inflammatory phenotype dominated. Blocking monocyte recruitment using the anti-CCR2 antibody MC-21 during the first week after stroke abolished long-term behavioral recovery, as determined in corridor and staircase tests, and drastically decreased tissue expression of anti-inflammatory genes, including TGFβ, CD163, and Ym1. Our results show that spontaneously recruited monocytes to the injured brain early after the insult contribute to long-term functional recovery after stroke.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTFor decades, any involvement of circulating immune cells in CNS repair was completely denied. Only over the past few years has involvement of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) in CNS repair received appreciation. We show here, for the first time, that MDMs recruited to the injured brain early after ischemic stroke contribute to long-term spontaneous functional recovery through inflammation-resolving activity. Our data raise the possibility that inadequate recruitment of MDMs to the brain after stroke underlies the incomplete functional recovery seen in patients and that boosting homing of MDMs with an anti-inflammatory bias to the injured brain tissue may be a new therapeutic approach to promote long-term improvement after stroke.
Nucleosomal arrays self‐assemble into supramolecular globular structures lacking 30‐nm fibers
Authors: Maeshima Kazuhiro , Rogge Ryan , Tamura Sachiko , Joti Yasumasa , Hikima Takaaki , Szerlong Heather , Krause Christine , Herman Jake , Seidel Erik , DeLuca Jennifer , Ishikawa Tetsuya , Hansen Jeffrey C 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe existence of a 30‐nm fiber as a basic folding unit for DNA packaging has remained a topic of active discussion. Here, we characterize the supramolecular structures formed by reversible Mg2+‐dependent self‐association of linear 12‐mer nucleosomal arrays using microscopy and physicochemical approaches. These reconstituted chromatin structures, which we call “oligomers”, are globular throughout all stages of cooperative assembly and range in size from ~50 nm to a maximum diameter of ~1,000 nm. The nucleosomal arrays were packaged within the oligomers as interdigitated 10‐nm fibers, rather than folded 30‐nm structures. Linker DNA was freely accessible to micrococcal nuclease, although the oligomers remained partially intact after linker DNA digestion. The organization of chromosomal fibers in human nuclei in situ was stabilized by 1 mM MgCl2, but became disrupted in the absence of MgCl2, conditions that also dissociated the oligomers in vitro. These results indicate that a 10‐nm array of nucleosomes has the intrinsic ability to self‐assemble into large chromatin globules stabilized by nucleosome–nucleosome interactions, and suggest that the oligomers are a good in vitro model for investigating the structure and organization of interphase chromosomes.
Correlation between global longitudinal peak systolic strain and coronary artery disease severity as assessed by the angiographically derived SYNTAX score
Authors: Vrettos Apostolos , Dawson David , Grigoratos Chrysanthos , Nihoyannopoulos Petros 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Background In this study, we investigate the correlation between reduced global longitudinal peak systolic strain (GLPSS) and the SYNTAX score (SS) in patients undergoing coronary angiography.
Methods: We examined 71 patients undergoing both echocardiogram and coronary angiography within 15 days. All patients had normal global and/or regional wall motion on resting echocardiogram. We calculated GLPSS using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography. SS was calculated for each group of patients based on the presence and/or the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD): no CAD on angiogram (n=10, control group), low SS (n=36, SS<22) and high SS (n=25, SS≥22). We hypothesised that GLPSS at rest is inversely correlated with the angiographically derived SS.
Age, sex and most of the risk factors were equally distributed among the groups. There was a significant inverse correlation between GLPSS and SS values (r
2=0.3869, P<0.001). This correlation was weaker in the low-SS group (r
2=0.1332, P<0.05), whereas it was lost in the high-SS group (r
2=0.0002, P=NS). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified that the optimal cut-off for the detection of high-SS patients was 13.95% (sensitivity=71%, specificity=90%, P<0.001).
Conclusions: The results of our study suggest that GLPSS might be promising for the detection of patients with high SYNTAX score on coronary angiogram. There is an inverse correlation between resting GLPSS and SS as assessed by coronary angiography. In patients with the highest SS, however, the correlation with GLPSS was less significant.
Depression in Romanian patients with type 2 diabetes: prevalence and risk factors
Authors: Mocan Andreia S. , Iancu Silvia S. , Duma Livia , Mureseanu Camelia , Baban Adriana S. 
Published: April 2016

Background and aims. Co-existing major depression was found to have a negative impact on the diabetes outcome and the quality of life. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms in Romanian diabetes patients and to identify the risk factors associated with depression.Methods. A total of 144 type 2 diabetes patients were included in the study. Five models of presumed predictors were used to assess the risk factors for depressive symptoms, using hierarchical regression analysis. Together with demographics, disease, lifestyle predictors, previous depressive symptoms and diabetes distress were taken into account.Results. In our sample the prevalence of depression was 12.6%. Main risk factors for depressive symptoms were previous depressive symptoms which were associated with depression in both Model 4 (β=0.297, p=0.013) and Model 5 (β=0.239, p=0.017) and diabetes distress in Model 5 (β=0.540, p≤0.001). Employment (β =-0.276, p=0.029) and increased number of diabetes complications (β=0.236, p=0.017) became significant when diabetes distress was added to the analysis.Conclusions. The overall prevalence of depressive symptoms was found to be in range with the prevalence identified in the literature. Previous depression and diabetes distress were both independently associated with depression, confirming the bidirectional relationship between depression and diabetes distress. Due to the consequences for daily living, screening for diabetes distress and depression should be done in primary care units both by physicians and trained nurses.
HPV IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL TESTING AND CERVICAL DYSPLASIA
Authors: Mureşan Daniel , Rotar Ioana Cristina , Apostol Silvana , Coroiu Georgiana , Stamatian Florin 
Published: April 2016

Background and aim. HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) infection represents a necessary condition for cervical carcinogenesis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of HPV testing using an immunohistochemical staining kit with implications upon both diagnosis and treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).Methods. Seventy-nine patients and eighty-six controls were enrolled in the study. Each patient had completed a physical examination, gynecological examination with cervical sampling using a liquid-based cytology system and also colposcopy. The cervical samples were analyzed according to Bethesda terminology and HPV-HR immunohistochemical staining was performed. In all the patients with high-grade lesion a surgical excision procedure was performed followed by pathological examination of the specimen. The collected data were analyzed using statistical software.Results. The colposcopic examination has detected acetowhite modifications of the cervical epithelium in 47% of patients with ASC-US (Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance) in 71% of patients with LSIL (Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion) and in 100% of patients with HSIL ( High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion). The biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of LSIL in 27% of biopsy specimens in patients with ASC-US and in 79.99% of patients with LSIL respectively. In all patients with HSIL the diagnosis was CIN II or higher. The percentage of HPV-HR (Human Papilloma Virus – High Risk) positivity porportionaly increased with the severity of cytological diagnosis: 30% in ASC-US, 42.86% in LSIL and 75% in HSIL patients. The sensitivity of detection of HPV-HR was 50% with CI 95% [17.45;82.55] for ASC-US, 77.77% with CI 95% [51.91;92.62] for LSIL and 81.81% with CI 95% [58.99;94.00] for HSIL.Conclusion. HPV testing can be an important screening tool for cervical dysplasia. The HPV testing targeting high risk types is indicated for ASC-US and LSIL triage. The present work sustains the idea of introducing HPV testing as a primary screening tool for cervical cancer.
Implementation of Electronic Clinical Decision Support for Pediatric Appendicitis
Authors: Kharbanda Anupam B. , Madhok Manu , Krause Ernest , Vazquez-Benitez Gabriela , Kharbanda Elyse O. , Mize William , Schmeling David 
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound (US) are commonly used in patients with acute abdominal pain. We sought to standardize care and reduce CT use while maintaining patient safety through implementation of a multicomponent electronic clinical decision support tool for pediatric patients with possible appendicitis.

METHODS:
We conducted a quasi-experimental study of children 3 to 18 years old who presented with possible appendicitis to the pediatric emergency department (ED) between January 2011 and December 2013. Outcomes were use of CT and US. Balancing measures included missed appendicitis, ED revisits within 30 days, appendiceal perforation, and ED length of stay.

RESULTS:
Of 2803 patients with acute abdominal pain over the 3-year study period, 794 (28%) had appendicitis and 207 (26.1% of those with appendicitis) had a perforation. CT use during the 10-month preimplementation period was 38.8% and declined to 17.7% by the end of the study (54% relative decrease). For CT, segmented regression analysis revealed that there was a significant change in trend from the preimplementation period to implementation (monthly decrease –3.5%; 95% confidence interval: –5.9% to –0.9%; P = .007). US use was 45.7% preimplementation and 59.7% during implementation. However, there was no significant change in US or total imaging trends. There were also no statistically significant differences in rates of missed appendicitis, ED revisits within 30 days, appendiceal perforation, or ED length of stay between time periods.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our electronic clinical decision support tool was associated with a decrease in CT use while maintaining safety and high quality care for patients with possible appendicitis.
Efecto del nitrógeno en los parámetros fotosintéticos y de producción del cultivo de la gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii H. Bolus ex Hook. f.)
Authors: Corrales Gonzáles Maykoll , Rada Fermín , Jaimez Ramón 
Published: April 2016

<p>Actualmente, existe un interés por comprender los aspectos fisiológicos involucrados en la obtención de altas producciones en diferentes cultivos y su relación con la disponibilidad de nutrientes en el sustrato. Este conocimiento ayudará en las recomendaciones de dosis acertadas de nutrientes, evitando problemas asociados a desequilibrios tanto en el suelo como en el medio ambiente. Este trabajo evaluó algunas respuestas fisiológicas de Gerbera jamesonii frente al efecto de cuatro tratamientos de fertilización nitrogenada (75, 56, 94 y 112.5 mgN planta-1 día-1). Al mismo tiempo se buscó relacionar estas posibles respuestas con características de crecimiento. Las plantas se distribuyeron en un diseño completamente al azar con 3 repeticiones, a las cuales se les midieron las variables de intercambio de gases (asimilación de CO2, transpiración, conductancia estomática), potenciales hídricos foliares y rendimiento cuántico del fotosistema II. Estas variables se relacionaron con el crecimiento vegetativo (área foliar total) y las variables de calidad y producción de flores (longitud y diámetro de tallos florales, diámetro del capítulo floral y el número de flores mensuales). Los resultados muestran que el aumento en la dosis de N a nivel del sustrato trajo como consecuencia un aumento en la asimilación de CO2 (de 9.2 a 12.1 μmol m-2 s-1). Sin embargo, es posible reducir la dosis de fertilización de N en un 25% (56 mgN planta-1 día-1) sin afectar la producción mensual de flores ni la calidad de estas (no hubo diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos (P&gt;0.05)). </p>
Mujeres frente a la incidencia de la pobreza e insalubridad pública en Cartagena (Colombia), 1915-1928
Authors: Cera Ochoa Raul Antonio 
Published: April 2016

<p>Este artículo analiza cuál fue el discurrir femenino frente a las incidencias de la pobreza e insalubridad pública en Cartagena durante 1915 y 1928. El autor reconstruye aspectos económicos, políticos y sociales del ámbito local y da cuenta de la participación de mujeres de sectores bajos, medios y altos. En un contexto donde se producen denuncias y quejas sobre problemáticas, —que atentaban contra el orden y el bienestar físico y moral de la población—, como el desaseo, la falta de agua, la mortalidad infantil y la prostitución. Las fuentes primarias analizadas son textos de la prensa oficial y comercial localizados en el Archivo Histórico de Cartagena.</p>
Hypochloremia in cats – prevalence and associated diseases
Authors: Pagitz Maximilian , Friedrich Mona Sarah , Zeugswetter Florian K. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryObjective: To describe the prevalence and possible causes of hypochloremia in the local hospital cat population. Material and methods: Retrospective study consisting of two parts. Data were collected from the local electronic medical records database using the search terms „chloride“ and „cats“ (part A), and „blood gas analysis“ and „cats“ (part B). The medical records of the hypochloremic cats were then reviewed to determine prior treatment or infusions and to identify major underlying disease processes. Part A included an age and gender matched non-hypochloremic control group, whereas in part B acid-base status was assessed. Results: Hypochloremia was detected in 367 (27%) of 1363 blood samples. The application of a correction formula to adjust for free water changes decreased the number of hypochloremic cats to 253 (19%). Only a minority had received glucocorticoids or loop diuretics and the prevalence of vomiting was 44%. Common associated disorders were gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases, as well as azotemia and diabetes mellitus. Polyuria/ polydipsia, dehydration, prednisolone or furosemide pretreatment, azotemia and diabetes mellitus increased, whereas fluid therapy and the diagnosis of neoplasia decreased the prevalence of hypochloremia. An inverse correlation was found between corrected chloride and standar dized base excess (rs = –0.597, p = 0.001) as well as anion gap (rs = –0.4, p = 0.026). 99% of the hypochloremic cats had derangements of acid-base balance. Conclusion: Hypochloremia is a common electrolyte disorder in the local cat population. The correction formula is ne cessary to adjust for changes in plasma osmolality. Although associated with metabolic alkalosis, most of the hypochloremic cats have a normal or decreased pH. The inverse correlation of chloride and anion gap als well as the high proportion of azotemic or diabetic animals support the concept of compensatory acidosis induced hypochlor emia. Clinical relevance: Hypochloremia should prompt the clinician to performe blood-gas analysis. Diabetes mellitus (especially ketoacidosis) and renal disease should be included in current algorithms for the evaluation of hypochloremic patients.
Sharing the unsharable: anclose reading of Henriqueta Lisboa's "do supérfluo"
Authors: Virgillo Carmelo 
Published: April 2016

Resumo: Partindo de pronunciamentos críticos sobre a temática poética de Henriqueta Lisboa, o ensaio passa a uma análise estilística do poema "Do Supérfluo", de Pousada do Ser, com uma cristalização da cosmovisão e do credo artístico do poeta.Abstract: Starting from a survey of critical assesments of Henriqueta Lisboa's poetic themes, the paper moves on to a stylistic analysis of the poem "Do Supérfluo", from Pousada do Ser, as embodying both the poet's worldview and her artistic credo.
Sapos e bodes no apartamento
Authors: Vasconcelos Cláudia , Paulino Maria das Graças Rodrigues 
Published: April 2016

Resumo: Evidenciação da defasagem entre o imaginário rural da literatura infantil brasileira e a vida urbana de seus leitores.Résumé: Mise en évidence du décalage entre l'imaginaire rural de la littérature enfantine brésilienne et la vie urbaine de son public lecteur.
Variación espacio-temporal de los procesos hidrológicos del suelo en viñedos con elevadas pendientes (Valle del Ruwer-Mosela, Alemania)
Authors: Rodrigo-Comino J. , Seeger M. , Senciales J. M. , Ruiz-Sinoga J. D. , Ries J. B. 
Published: April 2016

Los suelos de los viñedos del valle del Ruwer-Mosela (Alemania) cultivados en elevadas pendientes muestran una alta variabilidad espacio-temporal en su dinámica hidrológica. A través del uso del permeámetro de Guelph se realizaron un total de cuarenta y dos experimentos en viñedos jóvenes y viejos para medir las tasas de infiltración, la conductividad hidráulica y el potencial del flujo matricial. Los ensayos fueron realizados antes de la vendimia coincidiendo con la primavera y el verano (con el suelo relativamente seco y sin actividad reciente de pisadas y maquinaria), y tras la cosecha en otoño (con un manto edáfico húmedo, con señales de compactación y un menor contenido de materia orgánica). En general, todos los parámetros analizados fueron mucho más elevados en los viñedos jóvenes que en los viejos y aumentaron tras la vendimia. En las viñas jóvenes los tres parámetros analizados mostraron sus mayores valores en la parte media (398,5 mm h-1 de tasa de infiltración, 89,2 mm h-1 de conductividad hidráulica y 62,8 mm2 h-1 de potencial del flujo matricial). Por su parte, en las viñas viejas se observó un descenso de la infiltración desde la parte superior a la inferior de la parcela (desde 42,5 a 16,8 mm h-1). Los resultados de la conductividad hidráulica y el potencial del flujo matricial marcaron también una dinámica hidrológica parecida: descenso de los parámetros conforme se desciende en la parcela (13,2 a 5,4 mm h-1 y desde 5,5 a 2,5 mm2 h-1). Por ultimo, se observó cómo el factor que mayor coeficiente de determinación obtuvo con estas dinámicas hidrológicas fue la variación del contenido de agua en el suelo y las prácticas agrícolas.