bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Report of the results of the International Clinical Cytometry Society and American Society for Clinical Pathology workload survey of clinical flow cytometry laboratories
Authors: Wolniak Kristy , Goolsby Charles , Choi Sarah , Ali Asma , Serdy Nina , Stetler‐Stevenson Maryalice 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundThorough review of current workload, staffing, and testing practices in clinical laboratories allows for optimization of laboratory efficiency and quality. This information is largely missing with regard to clinical flow cytometry laboratories. The purpose of this survey is to provide comprehensive, current, and accurate data on testing practices and laboratory staffing in clinical laboratories performing flow cytometric studies.MethodsSurvey data was collected from flow cytometry laboratories through the ASCP website. Data was collected on the workload during a 1‐year time period of full‐time and part‐time technical and professional (M.D./D.O./Ph.D. or equivalent) flow cytometry employees. Workload was examined as number of specimens and tubes per full time equivalent (FTE) technical and professional staff. Test complexity, test result interpretation, and reporting practices were also evaluated.ResultsThere were 205 respondent laboratories affiliated predominantly with academic and health system institutions. Overall, 1,132 FTE employees were reported with 29% professional FTE employees and 71% technical. Fifty‐one percent of the testing performed was considered high complexity and 49% was low complexity. The average number of tubes per FTE technologist was 1,194 per year and the average number of specimens per FTE professional was 1,659 per year. The flow cytometry reports were predominantly written by pathologists (57%) and were typically written as a separate report (58%).ConclusionsThis survey evaluates the overall status of the current practice of clinical flow cytometry and provides a comprehensive dataset as a framework to help laboratory departments, directors, and managers make appropriate, cost‐effective staffing decisions. © 2016 International Clinical Cytometry Society
The effects of prenatal “psychological” stressor exposure on lung inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in adult rat offspring
Authors: Barreto do Carmo Maria Beatriz , Righetti Renato Fraga , Tibério Iolanda de Fátima Lopes Calvo , Hunziker Maria Helena Leite 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to establish whether exposure of pregnant rats to uncontrollable (psychological) stressors might change the likelihood of their offspring to exhibit functional and histopathological abnormalities suggestive of asthma in adulthood. Pregnant rats (n = 16) underwent one of three treatments: electric shocks of a maximum duration of 10 s that could be escaped (controllable group; C) those that could not be escaped (uncontrollable group; U) or no shocks (control group; N). The offspring (n = 54) were kept in animal house under standard conditions until 3 months of age, when lung hyperresponsiveness, histopathology, immunohistochemical measurements of the cytokines interleukin (IL) 2, IL‐4, IL‐5, and IL‐13 and actin as well as oxidative stress based on iNOS‐positive cell counts and isoprostane PGF2α contents were assessed. The results showed that prenatal exposure to physical stressors (shocks) caused lung hyperresponsiveness and increased cytokine expression; exposure to uncontrollable shock (group U) had a differential effect on the expression of IL‐2, IL‐5, and IL‐13 in inflammatory cells compared to exposure to controllable shock (group C), which characterizes the “psychological” aspect of stress. The results show that not only stress but also its uncontrollability during gestation might increase the likelihood that the offspring will exhibit functional and histopathological abnormalities suggestive of asthma. These findings strengthen the importance of psychological control with regard to environmental stimuli for the occurrence of several illnesses, suggesting the desirability of integration among various fields of science.
A shift from exploitation to interference competition with increasing density affects population and community dynamics
Authors: Holdridge Erica M. , Cuellar‐Gempeler Catalina , terHorst Casey P. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIntraspecific competition influences population and community dynamics and occurs via two mechanisms. Exploitative competition is an indirect effect that occurs through use of a shared resource and depends on resource availability. Interference competition occurs by obstructing access to a resource and may not depend on resource availability. Our study tested whether the strength of interference competition changes with protozoa population density. We grew experimental microcosms of protozoa and bacteria under different combinations of protozoan density and basal resource availability. We then solved a dynamic predator–prey model for parameters of the functional response using population growth rates measured in our experiment. As population density increased, competition shifted from exploitation to interference, and competition was less dependent on resource levels. Surprisingly, the effect of resources was weakest when competition was the most intense. We found that at low population densities, competition was largely exploitative and resource availability had a large effect on population growth rates, but the effect of resources was much weaker at high densities. This shift in competitive mechanism could have implications for interspecific competition, trophic interactions, community diversity, and natural selection. We also tested whether this shift in the mechanism of competition with protozoa density affected the structure of the bacterial prey community. We found that both resources and protozoa density affected the structure of the bacterial prey community, suggesting that competitive mechanism may also affect trophic interactions.
The eco‐hydrologic influence of the Three Gorges Reservoir on the abundance of larval fish of four carp species in the Yangtze River, China
Authors: Ban Xuan , Chen Si , Pan Bao‐Zhu , Du Yun , Yin Da‐Cong , Bai Mu‐Chen 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe natural abundance of larval fish of four carp species has been affected adversely by the Three Gorges Reservoir in the Yangtze River. One of the methods to conserve fish is to regulate hydrology regimes to keep them optimal for species spawning. Thirty‐two hydrologic indicators (HIs) associated with the hydrologic regime of the spawning sites at the Jianli reach were analyzed with the range of variability approach. Outputs were correlated with abundance of larval fish by a genetic programming approach to explore the relationship between the hydrologic regime and fish abundance. Results showed that rate of rise for discharge and average monthly discharge in June, October, and December; rate of rise for water level, average monthly water level in May, June, July, October, and November, and 1‐, 3‐, 7‐, and 30‐day maximum water level; and high pulse duration for sediment concentration and average monthly sediment concentration in June, July, and October were key factors that affected fish species abundance. All of these HIs changed greatly after impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir since 2003. Discharge and water level played the dominant role in reproduction of four carp species when the change of sediment concentration kept stable. However, when the sediment concentration declined over the limited range, it replaced discharge and water level as having the dominant role in reproduction. Two relationships between abundance of larval fish and HIs were identified from genetic programming results to explore an indicator impact matrix for use in eco‐hydrologic management through change of some HIs to improve fish abundance.
Does avoidance‐attachment style attenuate the benefits of being listened to?
Authors: Castro Dotan R. , Kluger Avraham N. , Itzchakov Guy 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe tested both Rogers's hypothesis that listening enables speakers to experience psychological safety and our hypothesis that the benefit of listening for psychological safety is attenuated by avoidance‐attachment style. We tested these hypotheses in six laboratory experiments, a field correlational study, and a scenario experiment. We meta‐analyzed the results of the laboratory experiments and found that listening increased psychological safety on average but that the variance between the experiments was also significant. The between experiment variance in the effect of listening manipulation on psychological safety exposes a methodological challenge in choosing a research paradigm of good‐versus‐normal listening, as opposed to normal‐versus‐poor listening. More importantly, we found, as expected and across all designs, that the higher the avoidance‐attachment style was, the lower the effect of listening on psychological safety. This finding has implications both for practice and for placing a theoretical boundary on Rogers's theory.
Predicting aggressive collective action based on the efficacy of peaceful and aggressive actions
Authors: Saab Rim , Spears Russell , Tausch Nicole , Sasse Julia 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe examine whether aggressive forms of collective action are predicted by their perceived efficacy and the perceived efficacy of peaceful collective action, and whether the two predictors interact. We present data from surveys examining support for and tendencies toward aggressive collective action among university students who are opposed to increases in tuition fees in Britain (Study 1) and support for suicide bombings against Israeli civilians among Palestinians during the Second Intifada (Study 2). Our results reveal an interaction between the efficacy of peaceful and aggressive collective actions: The more efficacious aggression is perceived to be, the greater its appeal and the less it is assuaged by the efficacy of peaceful action. This implies that (i) people may consider aggressive action whenever it works, even if peaceful action is efficacious, and (ii) people may consider aggressive action even when it seems unpromising, if peaceful action is not efficacious, in an apparent nothing‐to‐lose strategy.
The good, the bad and the central of group identification: Evidence of a U‐shaped quadratic relation between in‐group affect and identity centrality
Authors: Kachanoff Frank J. , Ysseldyk Renate , Taylor Donald M. , de la Sablonnière Roxane , Crush Jonathan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe present research investigates the interrelation between two widely studied dimensions of social group identity—in‐group affect and centrality. Specifically, we test the validity of a quadratic curvilinear relation between in‐group affect and identity centrality. We propose that group members who feel either decidedly positive affect or decidedly negative affect towards their group are more likely to feel that their identity is a central component of their self‐concept relative to group members with neutral affect. We find evidence for a quadratic relation between in‐group affect and identity centrality with respect to people's cultural identity (N = 512), ethnic identity (N = 462), religious identity (N = 61,N = 384) and racial identity (N = 3600,N = 2400). Theoretical and practical implications for the measurement and conceptualization of group identification are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Opportunistic vector channel estimation based on scalar feedback
Authors: Kakşi Ömer , Özdemir Özgür , Torlak Murat 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMulti‐user diversity exploits channel fluctuations by favouring the user with the best channel. In slow fading environments, channel fluctuations are artificially created by the use of random beamforming at the transmitter, a technique called opportunistic beamforming. One drawback of opportunistic beamforming is that, it needs large number of users to achieve the capacity of a true beamforming system. On the other hand, if partial channel state information is available at the transmitter, this can be used to reduce the necessary number of users to reach this capacity. Opportunistic beamforming systems require scalar feedback from users in the system instead of the complete channel vector to reduce the feedback load. In conventional systems, these feedback values are used for scheduling only. In this letter, we propose three channel estimation methods that solely rely on the scalar feedback already available at the transmitter. We also propose an accompanying scheduling method where these estimates are used to form the beamforming vectors. Although we use the same information available in a conventional opportunistic beamforming system, the proposed scheduling scheme in conjunction with channel estimation is able to achieve higher throughput and also achieve better fairness which is verified by simulations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Haptic contents of a movie dynamically engage the spectator's sensorimotor cortex
Authors: Lankinen Kaisu , Smeds Eero , Tikka Pia , Pihko Elina , Hari Riitta , Koskinen Miika 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObservation of another person's actions and feelings activates brain areas that support similar functions in the observer, thereby facilitating inferences about the other's mental and bodily states. In real life, events eliciting this kind of vicarious brain activations are intermingled with other complex, ever‐changing stimuli in the environment. One practical approach to study the neural underpinnings of real‐life vicarious perception is to image brain activity during movie viewing. Here the goal was to find out how observed haptic events in a silent movie would affect the spectator's sensorimotor cortex. The functional state of the sensorimotor cortex was monitored by analyzing, in 16 healthy subjects, magnetoencephalographic (MEG) responses to tactile finger stimuli that were presented once per second throughout the session. Using canonical correlation analysis and spatial filtering, consistent single‐trial responses across subjects were uncovered, and their waveform changes throughout the movie were quantified. The long‐latency (85–175 ms) parts of the responses were modulated in concordance with the participants’ average moment‐by‐moment ratings of own engagement in the haptic content of the movie (correlation r = 0.49; ratings collected after the MEG session). The results, obtained by using novel signal‐analysis approaches, demonstrate that the functional state of the human sensorimotor cortex fluctuates in a fine‐grained manner even during passive observation of temporally varying haptic events. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4061–4068, 2016. © 2016 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Progressive Temporal Change in Serum SHBG, But Not in Serum Testosterone or Estradiol, Is Associated With Bone Loss and Incident Fractures in Older Men: The Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project
Authors: Hsu Benjumin , Seibel Markus J , Cumming Robert G , Blyth Fiona M , Naganathan Vasi , Bleicher Kerrin , Le Couteur David G , Waite Louise M , Handelsman David J 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to examine progressive temporal relationships between changes in major reproductive hormones across three waves of a cohort study of older men and (1) changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and (2) incident fractures (any, hip or non-vertebral) over an average of 6 years of follow-up. The CHAMP cohort of men aged 70 years and older were assessed at baseline (2005 to 2007, n = 1705), 2-year follow-up (n = 1367), and 5-year follow-up (n = 958). Serum testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), estradiol (E2), and estrone (E1) (by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry [LC-MS/MS]), and sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (by immunoassay) were measured at all time-points, whereas free testosterone (cFT) was calculated using a well-validated formula. Hip BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at all three time-points, and fracture data were verified radiographically. Statistical modeling was done using general estimating equations (GEEs). For total hip BMD, univariable analyses revealed inverse associations with temporal changes in serum SHBG, FSH, and LH and positive associations for serum E1 and cFT across the three time-points. In models adjusted for multiple covariables, serum SHBG (β = –0.029), FSH (β = –0.065), LH (β = –0.049), E1 (β = 0.019), and cFT (β = 0.033) remained significantly associated with hip BMD. However for femoral neck BMD, only FSH (β = –0.048) and LH (β = –0.036) remained associated in multivariable-adjusted models. Temporal change in serum SHBG, but not T, E2, or other hormonal variables, was significantly associated with any, nonvertebral or hip fracture incidence in univariable analyses. In multivariable-adjusted models, temporal increase in serum SHBG over time remained associated with any fracture (β = 0.060) and hip fracture (β = 0.041) incidence, but not nonvertebral fracture incidence. These data indicate that a progressive increase in circulating SHBG over time predicts bone loss and fracture risk in older men. Further studies are warranted to further characterize changes in circulating SHBG as a mechanism and/or biomarker of bone health during male ageing. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Utility of Model‐Based Approaches for Informing Dosing Recommendations in Specific Populations: Report From the Public AAPS Workshop
Authors: Younis Islam R. , Robert Powell J. , Rostami‐Hodjegan Amin , Corrigan Brian , Stockbridge Norman , Sinha Vikram , Zhao Ping , Jadhav Pravin , Flamion Bruno , Cook Jack 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis report summarizes the discussions and recommendations of the workshop titled “Specific Population Drug Dosing Recommendations: Shifting from Clinical Studies to Predict and Confirm,” which preceded the 2015 American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists annual meeting. Participants from the pharmaceutical industry, regulatory agencies (FDA and EMA), and academia discussed the current state, challenges, opportunities, and future direction of utilizing model‐based approaches to inform dosing recommendations in specific populations.
Espindolol for the treatment and prevention of cachexia in patients with stage III/IV non‐small cell lung cancer or colorectal cancer: a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, international multicentre phase II study (the ACT‐ONE trial)
Authors: Stewart Coats Andrew J. , Ho Gwo Fuang , Prabhash Kumar , von Haehling Stephan , Tilson Julia , Brown Richard , Beadle John , Anker Stefan D. ,   for and on behalf of the ACT‐ONE study group
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundCancer cachexia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality with no widely approved treatment.MethodsThe ACT‐ONE trial is a randomized, double‐blind, parallel group, placebo‐controlled, phase II multicentre trial in patients (25‐80 years) with stages III or IV colorectal cancer or non‐small cell lung cancer‐related cachexia that tested two doses of espindolol (a novel non‐selective β blocker with central 5‐HT1a and partial β2 receptor agonist effects). The primary endpoint was the difference in the rate of weight change over 16 weeks (linear mixed‐effect model for repeated measures) between high‐dose espindolol and placebo.ResultsEighty‐seven patients were randomized centrally in blocks in a ratio 3:2:1 [42 high dose, 10 mg twice daily (bd):31 placebo:14 low dose, 2.5 mg bd]. High‐dose espindolol produced a statistically and clinically significant weight gain (+0.54 kg/4 weeks, 95% CI 0.38–0.70) compared with a weight loss on placebo (−0.21 kg/4 weeks, 95% CI ‐0.37–0.05); P < 0.0001. High‐dose espindolol produced a statistically significant increase in lean body mass, whilst changes in fat mass were neutral. Hand grip strength significantly (high dose −1.15 ± 0.7 kg, placebo −3.51 ± 0.8 kg change per 4 weeks; P = 0.0134), stair climbing power, and 6‐min walk test non‐significantly were all directionally in favour of high‐dose espindolol. There were no clinically significant differences in safety signals or survival between treatment groups, although a numerical excess of dyspnoea was seen with high‐dose espindolol (19.1%) compared with placebo (3.2%).ConclusionsThis positive trial showed that espindolol 10 mg bd significantly reversed weight loss, improved fat free mass, and maintained fat mass in advanced colorectal cancer and non‐small cell lung cancer‐related cachexia. This was associated with a significant improvement in handgrip strength, supporting the further investigation of 10 mg bd espindolol for the treatment of cancer cachexia. Although not powered to look at dose response, most treatment effects for low dose lay between high dose and placebo, suggesting that there may be a dose response in the effects of espindolol.
Successful Black Men From Absent‐Father Homes and Their Resilient Single Mothers: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Wilson Angie D. , Henriksen Richard C. , Bustamante Rebecca , Irby Beverly 
Published: July 2016

The phenomenon of absent fathers is a common occurrence in today's homes that appears to be escalating, especially in Black households across the United States. The purpose of this study was to describe the lived experiences of successful Black men who were raised in absent‐father homes as well as the lived experiences of their resilient single mothers. The authors share themes that captured the participants' experiences and provide recommendations for community counselors, school counselors, and counselor educators.El fenómeno de padres ausentes es una situación común en los hogares actuales que parece estar en crecimiento, especialmente en hogares de familias negras en Estados Unidos. El propósito de este estudio era describir las experiencias vividas por hombres negros exitosos que fueron educados en hogares con padres ausentes, además de las experiencias vividas por sus resilientes madres solteras. Los autores comparten temas que capturaron las experiencias de los participantes y proporcionan recomendaciones para consejeros comunitarios, consejeros en escuelas y capacitadores de consejeros.
Rapid biochemical profiling of endothelial dysfunction in diabetes, hypertension and cancer metastasis by hierarchical cluster analysis of Raman spectra
Authors: Pacia Marta Z. , Mateuszuk Lukasz , Buczek Elzbieta , Chlopicki Stefan , Blazejczyk Agnieszka , Wietrzyk Joanna , Baranska Malgorzata , Kaczor Agnieszka 
Published: July 2016

Raman spectroscopy is a label free, versatile, simple and fast method that is increasingly used to detect pathological changes in the cells and tissues that could be useful in medical diagnostics. In this work, we tested the hypothesis that Raman spectroscopy may serve to detect endothelial dysfunction in murine models of lifestyle diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction.For that purpose, we analysed spectra from ex vivo vessels taken from mice with diabetes, hypertension and cancer metastasis. We extracted 50–70 random, single spectra, recorded in 0.2 s, from endothelium of mice with diseases and respective control animals and subjected them to hierarchical cluster analysis. Independently on the sample preparation protocol, very good discrimination was obtained for three‐tested murine models, i.e. diabetes, hypertension and cancer metastasis. Obtained sensitivity and specificity parameters were between 93% and 96% (with the exception of sensitivity in the diabetes model equalled to 88%). Our results show that single, random spectra of endothelium, recorded in less than a second, contains enough information on biochemical content of the endothelium to detect endothelial dysfunction. Furthermore, we demonstrated that biochemical profile of the endothelial dysfunction in diabetes, hypertension or cancer metastasis differs with a very high specificity and sensitivity. This conclusion can be a good starting point for the development of in vivo fast diagnostic methodology of endothelium in the future. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.