bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost-Optimized Exploration Drilling, Offshore South West Java: Recipe of a Successful Jack Up Switch
Authors: Eddyarso Harry , Manja Ramly , Johnstone Kris , Bianchi Nicolas , Harahap Halim , Dave Robb , Fitriyani Erawati 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The offshore SW Java constitutes one of the few remaining frontier petroleum provinces of Western Indonesia. Open to the Indian Ocean, the area is also subject to disruptive sea and weather conditions, lack infrastructure for logistics support, and neighbours a protected national park. A handful of exploration wells in the 50m water depth range have been drilled previously in the area. While all past operators have opted for high-cost drillship or semi-submersible rigs, does a cost-optimized solution can be evidenced and can it be implemented successfully?
An extensive and high resolution digital database of the last 25 years of sea and weather data from the offshore SW Java was assembled and used to perform an advanced statistical assessment of the area. The objective of the study was to constrain the uncertainties around the actual environmental conditions during the most favourable window of December-March, and feed an operational and financial risk model associated with the mobilization of a Jack Up rig during this period.
The assessment was able to evidence the low risks associated with the use of a Jack Up rig during this given period to drill shallow to medium deep targets (&lt;2500m) in shallow water (&lt;100m). On this basis, the Cula-1 wildcat well was eventually spudded early February 2016, in 65m of water and with a target at approximately 2400m-ss, using the Soehanah Jack Up rig. The operational phase lasted less than 2 months and within the Jack Up rig based approved budget. The environmental assessment was notably instrumental in getting it right first time, avoiding any waiting on weather during rig mobilization and demobilization, and bringing efficiency for jacking up and jacking down. No Lost Time Incident were experienced during the operations, drilling being even performed faster than planned. All operational objectives were met, and the well delivered key geological inputs to the exploration team.
Performance Evaluations of the Different Sucker Rod Artificial Lift Systems
Authors: Dave M. Kennedy , Ghareeb Mustafa M.. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe majority of oil wells operated throughout the world requires some form of artificial lift during their life cycle. Wells lifted by reciprocating sucker rod pumping systems represent almost more than 70 % of the total artificially lifted oil wells worldwide.As consequence of previous and current global crisis, the pressure on the operators is to maximizing production and net profit out in a very safe and environmentally controlled manner. The primary challenge is to select the suitable system capable to achieve these goals over the life cycle of the well. For years, operators have been looking for reliable, flexible and intelligent lifting systems to improve their operating costs, reservoir recovery factor by maximizing well production and filed safety.There are several sucker rod-pumping systems applied all over the world. Each has its different advantages and disadvantage. Selecting the right system technology requires detailed analysis, including well, fluids, reservoir and location.This study will present detailed comparisons between the different systems in the area of production, depth, downhole failures, power saving, safety related to system operations. The comparison will be between the conventional beam, enhanced geometry beam, linear vertical mechanical Long Stroke pumping units and long stroke Wellhead Mounted Hydraulic pumping units systems. This study was undertaken using advanced predictive methods. The results compared with actual field applications from Canada, USA, Latin America and Middle East. The latest technology in sucker rod pumping systems regarding the system’s capabilities as production, depth, optimization, power consumption and control considered in this study.
Comparative Financial Analysis of IPC, the New Iran's Oil Fields Development and Production Enhancement Framework IPC vs. Buyback Contracts
Authors: Soleimani M.. , Tavakolian M.. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Iran’s petroleum industry with a great potential and need for production enhancement, valued about $100 billion is in necessity of international cooperation by absorbing IOCs’ technology and investment through new Iranian petroleum contracts. This study compares the financial aspects of new Iran's oil fields development and production enhancement framework, called IPC, with the former Iran’s upstream contracts based on Buyback scheme. In this study, a financial analysis was performed aiming to compare the efficiency of fiscal regime of Buyback with IPC by applying cash flow model on three oil field sizes, as case studies. For this purpose, some influential indices such as IRR, NPV, DPP, PVR, and GT have been selected under three scenarios of base, high and low price. The conceptual investigation shows that IPC covers all costs and expenses incurred for the benefit of better reservoir recovery factor, as per best E&P practices and reservoir behavior in production period. Therefore, the expenses are Open Capex and will be chargeable as Petroleum Costs fully recoverable based on Field Development Plan estimations, tender results or authorized yearly budgets. Furthermore, the financial analyses results demonstrate that IPC is not only more eligible for the contractors compared to the Buyback contracts, but also supports adequate and noticeable, however reduced, Government Take. Nevertheless, this might not happen in small and big fields with low price scenario. It is notable that out of the discussed variables that affect GT in IPC, contractual agreed Fee/bbl plays the most crucial role. This study, as the first public analysis that compares the efficiency of fiscal regimes of Buyback and IPC for all types of oil fields from both IOC’s and HG’s viewpoints, can help to simultaneously meet both IOC/contractor and GT expectations by optimizing Fee/bbl which is one of the most important negotiable term in IPC.
Managing Wellbore Pressures by Modeling of Narrow Margin Deepwater Exploration Well in Malaysia
Authors: Ezzatty Nurul Nadia , Shada Ismatul Hani , Khazali-Rosli Khairul Amir , Prasertamporn Praisont , Arathoon Mark , Yusof M Syahmi , Goo Jia Jun 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Dynamic hydraulics modeling and multi-phase kick tolerance analysis on a narrow margin deepwater well in offshore Malaysia created realistic and accurate pressure predictions, enabling the well to be drilled safely and efficiently and ultimately gave access to additional potential reserves. If conventional modelling alone had been used in the well design, then the well would have been deemed un-drillable, with a predicted drilling window as low as 0.46 ppg. Dynamic modeling delivered greater insight into the pressure and temperature transients throughout the drilling, tripping, casing, cementing and well killing operations.
The well planning process took into account pore pressure and wellbore stability predictions and the drilling risks identified in offset wells, but also included dynamic ECD/ESD simulations and dynamic multiphase kick tolerance modeling to evaluate the drill-ability of each casing seat design. The operational effects of frictional pressure losses through the RCD and MPD lines, mud properties, booster pump rate management and detailed mud rollover plan were also included. The transient analysis increased the drillers’ confidence in accessing this challenging horizon safely. The dynamic simulations included many drilling input parameters, such as pump rates, mud weight schedules, tripping rates, well control events and cementing schedules, giving greater insight to the operations team, allowing for smoother well construction activities. Operational decision trees and a pore pressure communication protocol established during the well planning stage helped optimize overall performance. During execution of the drilling operations, the pre-drill models were continually updated based on the actual parameters observed, including real time pore pressures, leak off tests and mud temperatures, to ensure wellbore pressures were well managed, thereby minimizing drilling risks related to wellbore stability and pore pressure. Pre-section modeling and real-time monitoring assisted the operations team in decision making, saving costs and allowing the well to reach maximum drillable depth safely. Overall two casing strings were eliminated, which translated to 21% drilling cost reduction and 9.5 days saving. This narrow margin well pushed the well engineers to look beyond the traditional methods of well planning using steady state modeling, which is inherrantly conservative. Through the use of dynamic modeling, replicating the real drilling operations more accurately, increased operational margins were identified, allowing the well to be drilled safely and efficiently.
Aligning Field Development Options to Stringent Economic Conditions in an Offshore Brownfield
Authors: Kumaran Prashanth Nair , Chen Law Chew , Yaakob M Taufiq , Ibrahim Ramli , Sosiawan Yopy , Moreno Juan Carlos , Maldonado Jorge , Sharma Sachin Kumar , Rahman Nor Nabilah , Iskenova Gulnara 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
To create opportunities for economic development in an offshore brown field with well-known subsurface and operational complexities, in an industry downturn. This paper describes the technical, commercial, and operational aspects that helped in achieving an established economical cut-off for project sanction. The project will enable sustaining field average oil production above operational economic limits thereby maximizing field life. With the prevalent low oil price conditions, the economic threshold for projects sanction and execution has reduced. The asset team faced a challenge to achieve a UDC threshold of USD16/bbl. A Multi-disciplinary team was tasked to look at key aspects to improve project commerciality. Subsurface recovery potential was assessed thoroughly to evaluate the impact of subsurface uncertainty, and evaluate the impact on well designs on project cash flow. Wells were designed to tap in multiple reservoir targets to minimize subsurface risk through existing facilities to maximize ullage. The wells were drilled from new slots via small deck extension to optimize cost instead of high risk slot recovery, which helped to reduce CAPEX. Fit-for-purpose and cost optimized wells were designed by minimizing automation (i.e.: ICVs, PDGs, etc.) which also reduce Operating risk and cost. Multiple sands were targeted in different compartments having different pressure support, did not allow commingle production. Hence, only one primary reservoir was completed, with other zones kept behind casing for future intervention with bottom-up production strategy. This helped deferring the project investment as this was in the intervention cost in Operating Expenditure which helped to improve the project economics. Further savings were achieved by accelerating the project in order to achieve synergy with an upcoming drilling campaign. The reduction of the overall project CAPEX allowed the project to be commercially feasible and technically sound for execution. In addition, the team has also established a reservoir management plan with mitigation plan to deal with the main subsurface and surface risks. The out of box solution of optimized field development plan for complex offshore Brownfield with limited facilities modification, while being cost conscious but technically sound concept proved to provide the answer for sustainable production growth in S Field at low oil price environment.
Innovative Solutions to Increase Banyu Urip Production at Lower Cost
Authors: Anisa Puti Ratna , Bahri Syamsul 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The Banyu Urip field has been producing crude oil since 2009. The initial development used a temporary Early Production Facilities (EPF) with 20,000 BPD capacity. The EPF was retired in late 2015 followed by the start-up of the permanent Central Processing Facilities (CPF). The CPF is designed to handle 185,000 BPD of crude oil. Soon after the CPF start-up, efforts to increase production capacity beyond 200,000 BPD were initiated.
This paper will share the Banyu Urip process to increase production capacity with minimal incremental investment. The Banyu Urip production optimization effort focused on two aspects – engineering studies to identify the limitations of the existing facilities (modelling as-built conditions from inlet facilities to the sales point at higher rates using a multi-disciplinary approach) and field tests to validate simulation results and identify required facility modifications.
One of the key foundations for facility bottleneck identification was a field high rate test. The field test indicated that the facility was able to sustain higher rates, however it was constrained by warmer crude oil exceeding export temperature limits. This challenge was overcame by utilizing an existing facility, initially intended for crude desalting, instead being leveraged to deliver ambient temperature deaerated water and mixing with hot crude streams to provide sufficient cooling and reduce heat exchanger duty.
Banyu Urip field continues to deliver a significant portion of Indonesia's oil production by maintaining a high level production efficiency. The field continues to see strong production from the oil wells and the plant has a proven capability to produce up to 220,000 BPD. The capability to increase production was achieved in less than a year after start-up and used a cost efficient approach from the beginning. The crude oil export temperature is managed by creatively leveraging existing facilities.
Channel Fracturing Boosts Production in Structurally Complex Brownfields of Upper Assam
Authors: Sharma Lovely , Shah Arpit , Mukku Vinil Kumar , Bordeori Krishna 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Field G in Upper Assam, India is a highly faulted basin, under decline phase since its first production in 1974. The region is characterized by heterogeneous distribution of in-situ stress, depleted pressure gradient (0.25psi/ft) and low permeability (&lt;1mD). Previous conventional fracturing attempts in the area were unsatisfactory. This paper describes the lifecycle of production enhancement project carried-out in this field starting from fit-for-purpose candidate selection methodology to implementation and success of infinite conductivity channel fracturing.
Reducing pressure drop within fracture and enhancing fracture effectiveness is fundamental to take the production to next level in this field. Meticulous well-centric-study approach was implemented to rank 5 best candidate wells (including injectors) from plethora of wells lying in tectonically complex field. Formation petro-physical properties and off-set wells data was interpreted to synthesize mechanical-earth-model for selected wells. Detailed geo-mechanical formation evaluation using various Injection tests and Planar-3D model were applied to decide correct well completion and fracturing technique. Best practices were developed to overcome inherent challenges of this region involving deep, tight sands with mid-field tortuosity and high-pressure operations.
This study specifies the results of over 15 injection tests (Step Rate tests, Re opening tests, Calibration injection tests) carried out in the field and how the injection test methodology was customized from well to well, catering to specific challenges from each well. By understanding the unique pressure decline response from the formations, insight was gained into rock deformation that generated particular stress field during the geologic past. The fluid leak-off response, rock mechanical properties and net pressure development in Calibration injection were used to estimate the final fracture geometry. An all-inclusive approach for well completions and the use of channel fracturing instead of conventional fracturing techniques have reduced the screen-out risk, ensured successful fracture placement and increased production up to 100% increment in oil.
The Oligocene-Eocene aged reservoir facies, marred by various strike/slip faults has developed an uneven stress regime in this field that makes fracturing treatments very challenging. The paper covers a comprehensive research on the analysis of first-ever-application of channel fracturing in Assam basin. This study incorporates a novel practical guide to address issues of multiple complexities occurring simultaneously in a reservoir like presence of tectonic stress, fracture misalignment and high tortuosity.
Development and Application of a Model to Study Water Technology Adoption
Authors: O'Callaghan Paul , Daigger Glen , Adapa Lakshmi , Buisman Cees 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT: This paper develops a set of criteria that can be used to study industry adoption and dissemination of water technologies through various stages of a market adoption model. It tests the applicability of these criteria on a diverse array of over 488 water technologies. Based on case studies, it seeks to define the typical and reasonable time frames in which a water technology moves through these defined stages of industry adoption and dissemination. The development of these criteria, and the definition of reasonable industry average timelines to move through these stages, is an important contribution to the understanding of the process of water technology development. The criteria and defined timelines described in this paper are foundational, and will be used as the basis for subsequent research and analysis to examine the success rates for different water technologies, and common factors linked to why some technologies succeed and others fail.
Xantine oxidase inhibition activity of infusion and ethanol extract of white tea
Authors: Rustamsyah Ardi , Islami Sarah Nur , Fitriana Fitriana , Kusmiyati Mimin 
Published: November 2017

Research of xantine oxidase enzyme inhibition activity of infusion and ethanol extract of white tea were done. The aim of this research was to evaluateÂ xantine oxidase inhibitory activity of infusion and ethanol extract of white tea. Phytochemical screening on dry tea, infusion and ethanol extract of white tea showed that all samples contained alkaloid, flavonoid, quinone, tannin and tritherpenoid/ steroide. The IC50 value of samples were 76,64 Î¼g/ml and 31,11Î¼g/ml respectivelly. This study used allopurinol as standard with IC50 was 0,60 Î¼g/ml.
Effect of simulator orientation during skills training on performance of basic laparoscopic tasks by veterinary students
Authors: Lencioni Rachael D. , Ragle Claude A. , Kinser Mathew L. , Coffey Todd , Fransson Boel A. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether basic laparoscopic skills acquired during training in the horizontal plane would transfer to the vertical plane and vice versa.
DESIGN Evaluation study.
SAMPLE POPULATION 26 first- and second-year veterinary students with no prior laparoscopic skills training or surgical experience.
PROCEDURES Participants were nonrandomly assigned to 2 groups. Group 1 (n = 15) underwent laparoscopic skills training in the horizontal plane, and group 2 (17) underwent laparoscopic skills training in the vertical plane. Following training, participants were tested on their ability to perform 5 laparoscopic tasks, first in the horizontal plane and then the vertical plane (group 1) or first in the vertical plane and then in the horizontal plane (group 2). All training and testing were performed with an augmented-reality laparoscopic simulator.
RESULTS 3 participants in each group did not complete the study. For group 1, scores for 3 of the 5 tasks were significantly worse when tested in the vertical plane than when tested in the horizontal plane. For group 2, scores for 2 of the 5 tasks were significantly worse when tested in the horizontal plane than when tested in the vertical plane. For 3 tasks, the difference in scores for the training versus orthogonal plane was significantly lower for group 2 than for group 1.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that basic laparoscopic skills acquired in 1 plane frequently did not transfer to the orthogonal plane. Because veterinary surgeons may be required to treat patients in various positions, development of laparoscopic training models to simulate the vertical plane is recommended.
La ficcionalización de la voz autoral y sus efectos en la recepción
Authors: Swiderski Liliana Noemí 
Published: November 2017

Este artículo analiza los efectos que el desdoblamiento de la voz autoral y los juegos con la atribución de la obra provocan en el lector. Puede observarse que, en estos casos, la multiplicación de la instancia de la enunciación genera, especularmente, un desdoblamiento en la figura del lector. Este fenómeno será analizado mediante conceptos nucleares de la teoría literaria, como los de contrato, lector ideal, metáfora, palabra bivocal. Por otra parte, se establecerán cruces entre las personalidades literarias, los modos de lectura y los géneros abordados en cada caso (poesía, drama o ensayo). This article discusses the effects the unfolding of the authorial voice and plays with the attribution of the work provokes in the reader. It may be noted that in these cases, the multiplication of the instance of enunciation generates, specularly, a split in the figure of the reader. This phenomenon will be analyzed by nuclear concepts of literary theory, such as contract, ideal reader, metaphor or bivocal word. On the other hand, crosses between literary personalities, ways of reading and gender addressed in each case (poetry, drama or essay).
La antipoesía en relación con la posmodernidad
Authors: Serna Arnaiz Mercedes 
Published: November 2017

Parra como escritor posmoderno destruye la verosimilitud poética y se apoya en la intertextualidad, al contemplar la literatura como práctica de relectura de textos precedentes en los cuales se reconoce o de los que se distancia. Al mismo tiempo, se refugia en el pasado, en la época antigua, las saturnalia romana, y recoge, como mecanismo de escritura, el espíritu y las formas de la cultura medieval y carnavalesca en donde aparecen los más variados géneros literarios, frecuentemente en una dialéctica irónica y paródica con los más serios, para bucear en la condición humana, ante un supuesto cierre del horizonte histórico.Palabras clave: antipoesía, contratexto, posmodernidad, deconstrucción, grotesco, realismo. As a post-modern writer, Parra rejects poetic verisimilitude and espouses intertextuality, contemplating literature as the practice of rereading previous texts in which he sees himself reflected or from which he distances himself. At the same time, he seeks refuge in the past, in ancient times, in Roman saturnalia, and as a mechanism of writing revives the spirit and the forms of the medieval and carnivalesque culture in which the most varied literary genres appear, often in an ironic or parodic dialectic with more serious genres, to explore the human condition as the historical horizon appears to close. Key words: antipoetry, contratext, post-modernity, deconstruction, grotesque, realism.