bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PCR And Sequencing Technique Detection Of Gardnerella Spp Associated With Urinary Tract Vaginosis
Authors: Mutar Abbas Dakheel 
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Gardnerella is a bacteria originally described in bacterial vaginosis, which can colonize the urinary tract and is often associated with vaginosis when present as a single-species flora. Commonly found in vaginal tracts, and it is also associated genital tract problems.
Methods: The current study was to identify the genetic variation of 16SrRNA gene in Gardnerella spp. which isolated from urine samples. In this study, 100 samples of urine from of women suffering from Urinary tract problems collected between August to September 2023 in Thi-Qar province of Iraq.
Results: The PCR technique results noted that (90%) of urine samples had Gardnerella sp. isolates by 16SrRNA gene. The bacterial samples recorded in NCBI (LC774556, LC774557, LC774558, LC774559, LC774560 LC7745561, LC774562 and LC774563) a 278bp genetic fragment that partially encompassed a coding region of the 16SrRNA gene was enlarged in this study. The phylogenetic tree was built in order to evaluate the precise phylogenetic distances, in addition to other related bacterial genomes. The present results exhibited that Gardnerella spp. sequences showed around 99% homology. Genetic variations of 16SrRNA gene were identified, the major variations were variably distributed in the (LC774556, LC774557) of the studied samples; while the variation in (G176A) was identified only in LC774556 sample. Also, the deletion mutation (A116 del) was noticed in all studied samples, while (T129 del) was showed in (LC774556, LC774558, LC774560) samples.
Conclusion: The infection with Gardnerella vaginalis. may be related with Bacterial vaginosis tract; Also, the DNA sequencing used to detect the genetic variation of Gardnerella vaginalis.
Evaluation of Nurses’ Attitudes toward Human Immuno Deficiency
Authors: Al-Jubouri Namaa Dawoud , Khudur Khalida Mohammed 
Published: October 2024

Background: HIV nursing protocols, including rapid HIV testing, face weaknesses such as improper data collection and ambiguity. To reduce stigmatization, interventions should promote the adoption of nursing practices that influence stigmatization experiences. The International Nursing Network for HIV Research recommends collaboration, global partnerships, and scientific work to increase nurses' impact in HIV research. Nurses' experiences with HIV/AIDS patients can impact their health and the spread of the virus. Barriers to HIV treatment include lack of knowledge, demotivation, resistance, and lack of adherence to treatment guidelines. Nurse involvement in HIV prevention is crucial for improving patient outcomes.
Objective(s): This study aims to evaluate nurses' attitudes toward human Immuno deficiency. Methodology: A quasi-experimental design was conducted in 7 January 2024 to 7 May 2024, The study at Al Musayyib General Hospital in Babylon, Iraq, involved 100 nursing professionals in a health education program. The program aimed to improve nurses' understanding and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS. The program's effectiveness was assessed through questionnaires. Results: The study found that nurses aged 23-less than 30 years, predominantly female, had moderate attitudes towards the human immunodeficiency virus. However, there was no significant relationship between nurses' attitudes and sociodemographic variables or professional variables such as education, years of experience, knowledge development, or participation in training courses. The majority of nurses were urban residents. Conclusion: Healthcare professionals should therefore follow national infection prevention guidelines when working in hospitals. To increase nurses' understanding and proficiency in this area, policy designers ought to train them in infection prevention. Further research should include a qualitative study in order to obtain more detailed information. Recommendation: Institutions may enhance their knowledge of HIV care practices by conducting frequent training sessions for nursing staff, personalizing instructional materials, gauging and reviewing attitude levels, encouraging peer learning, and expanding the scope of research. In order to provide effective HIV care, this will assist nurses in expanding their knowledge and adjusting their attitude.
Pain Management of Cow Before and After Cesarean Surgery
Authors: Hammoud Sura Shakir , Al-Dean Sumaya Loay Mohamed Shams , Jebur Mohammed Adil 
Published: October 2024

Background: On-farm pain reduction treatments are used depending on whether or not they are feasible and how important they are to the producer. The Iraqi beef industry lacks understanding on the various methods of pain treatment. The aim is to management the pain in cows of caesarean section operation. Method: This article provides an overview of agricultural pain techniques as well as producer pain mitigation strategies. A questionnaire covering calving and processing was given to one hundred cow–calf producers in the southern region of Iraq. Interviews on farms were semi-structured, and 25 people who had filled out the questionnaire were chosen to participate. Results: Between fifty and one hundred percent of respondents utilized cesarean pain relief. Reports. In most cases, pain medication was not offered. 66% of them employed branding, while just 7% focused on pain alleviation. The perception of pain by producers is influenced by factors such as common sense, relatability to cattle, visual evidence of suffering, and the age of the animal. The reason for reducing pain was impacted by factors such as the age of the animal, the benefits of operation, costs and logistics, market needs, and personal conscience. The management adhered to the norms of Iraq. Conclusion: The findings of this research might potentially provide future efforts in policy making, research, and extension with a route to follow in order to expand the adoption of pain reduction techniques.
Antibacterial Activity of sonicated Zingiber Officinale Rhizome Extract on Some Bacteria Isolated from Otitis media Patients
Authors: Ameer Duha A. , Deen Wejdan-AL 
Published: October 2024

Background: Zingiber officinale is an herbaceous plant that belongs to the Zingiber officinale family Zingiraceae it is a abundant in the countries of east India, China and Sri Lanka as well as in some Arab countries.
Materials and Procedures: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ethanolic sonicated of zingiber officinale Rhizome against the pathogenic bacteria (Streptococcus) isolated from patient of ear infection. 112 clinical specimens were collected from patient from Babylon hospital of both genders and different ages. From 1/October /2022 to 1/April /2023. The antibiotic susceptibility test was performed. The antimicrobial activity of sonicated ethanolic of zingiber officinale Rhizomes, the (MIC) the (MBC) of sonicated ethanolic of zingiber officinale of all isolates were determined.
Result: The results of isolation 100(899.3%) specimens gave positive growth from 42 females and 58 from males, The isolates of Streptococcus isolates showed sensitivity to [Chloramphenicol, Vancomycin, but show resistance to Gentamycin, Clindamycin, Tetracyclines, Azithromycin, Erythromycin], The antimicrobial activity of sonicated ethanolic They showed (27,40,15) mm for sonicated ethanolic, sonicated aqueous, and (27,40,15) mm for sonicated ethanolic. The antimicrobial agents of sonicated aqueous and ethanolic extract by three different methods first (FESEM) was showed these range of sonicated particles between (10.20-27.28) µm (XRD) that showed (23.601-44.015), third (FTIR) was used in range 400-4000cm- the results were showed 64 Mg/l MIC,128mg/l MBC for Streptococcus
Conclusion: In this study, it was found that the highest infection rate at the (1-15) years category and the number of meals with otitis infections is more than females. It was showed that the otitis infection patients in the Urban regions with highest percentage with the lowest percentage observed in rural regions and rate of chronic otitis infections as more that the rate of acute otitis infections.
Assessment of Women's Knowledge about the Risks of Medication Use During Pregnancy in Al - Najaf Provence
Authors: Rashed Maha Rasool , Aljebor Murtadha Kanim Adea 
Published: October 2024

Objective: The current study aims to assess women's knowledge about the Risks of Medication Use during Pregnancy and determine the relationship between Women's Knowledge about the Risks of Medication Use during Pregnancy and demographic characteristics.
Methodology: A descriptive design /cross sectional study was conducted using analytical utilities to accomplish the stated objectives. In the time frame of 1st November 2023 to 19th July 2024. A non-probability sampling (Purposive sample) approach was used, based on the following criteria: pregnant women in any stage of the pregnancy, including the first, second, and third trimesters (primi gravida and multigravida). A sample of 250 pregnant women was chosen from those admitted to Al-Zahraa Maternity Teaching Hospital/ Al-Furat Teaching Hospital/ AL-Hakim Teaching hospital / primary Health care centers (Maternal, child, and infant care units).
Results: the results show the level of knowledge differs significantly (P<0.05) according to level of education in which women who have institute and above exhibited the highest level of knowledge (MS=2.05). On the other hand, women whose husbands work in free jobs showed the highest level of knowledge (MS=1.97) while those whose husbands are retired exhibited the lowest level of knowledge (MS=1.50). Regarding gestational age, pregnant women within the (18-22) weeks exhibited the highest knowledge (MS=2.03).
Conclusion: The study found that Women knew very little about the possible effects of some medications on fetal development, on the other hand the participants had little awareness of the safety of anticonvulsants and medications for the common cold and flu. Women had moderate levels of knowledge regarding the safety of using paracetamol (acetaminophen) for pain and fever during pregnancy.
Detection Of Proteus Species In Pregnant Women In The North Of Thi-Qar Province
Authors: Shuwaili Iman Neamah Hussein Al , Al-maliky Haydar Khamis 
Published: October 2024

The study included isolation and diagnosis of bacteria Proteus from pregnant women suffering from urinary tract infection (UTI). There are one hundred and fifty urine samples were collected in sterile procedure from pregnant women in north Thiqarprovince. with duration period from September to December 2023. Several data were recorded from such as age, pregnancyduration, occupation and residence.In general they were 40 samples detected as Gram negative bacteria (G-ve). Gram negative bacteria: (20)(13.33%) isolates were Escherichia coli, (8) (5.34%)isolates were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7)(4.67%) isolates were Proteus mirabilis and proteus penneri and finally (5)(3.33%) isolates were Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Effectiveness of laser radiance on Morganella morganaii secluded from malignant tumors (cancer)
Authors: Mohammed Nebras Rada 
Published: October 2024

Objective: The aim of this research to affect study radiation emitted from Nd: YAG laser on Morganella morgana isolated from malignant tumors. Study design: Case –Control study design in Analytical study design by 15 isolates from malignant tumors compared with 15 isolates from normal person. Cross-Sectional study design in descriptive study design for 30 isolates. Backrgound: Morganella morganii is a fermissive anaerobic rod Gram-negative enteric bacterium that was headmost isolated in 1906 via Morgan et al. of a pediatric fecal culture. Cancer evolution is the result of a spectrum of genetic modifications that change the normal control of cell expansion and survival. These genetic modifications can be enhanced by a wide diversity of external factors inclusive smoking, alcohol and sunlight. Methodology: Morganella morganii implanted in Nutrient broth at 37° C for 24 h and rapprochement with MacCfrland 0.5, subsequently exposing 1 ml of suspension to Nd:YAG laser with comparison of control group (without exposure to radiance), each run was done in triplicate and inoculated in Trypton soy agar. Results: Results the collection from sample are 15 isolates of Morganella morganii from patient malignant tumors and 15 isolates from healthy human. The results in this research proved a high rate of killing of bacteria Morganella morganii isolated from malignant tumors after exposure to Nd:YAG laser during 500 pulses per second and the number of live cells was few after exposure to the laser at different times and the more time the higher the killing rate compared to the control of samples not exposed to the laser as well as with repeaters and that. The use of Nd:YAG laser is secure, as it is utilized in cosmetics and there are no side impacts, so the competence of killing Morganella morganii secluded of cancer utilizing secure laser with high competence is very significant and it is an substantial application for treatment. Conclusion: The use of laser is safe as it is used in cosmetics and there are no side effects, and thus the efficiency of killing bacteria isolated from cancer using a safe laser with high efficiency is very important and it is an important application for treatment.
Evaluation of IL- 2 and IFN γ levels in recovered COVID 19 Patients and Vaccinated Participants, Comparative Study in AL-Diwaniyah, Iraq
Authors: Kdhem Esraa Jawad , Ghaidaa Jihadi  
Published: October 2024

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a highly contagious transmittable disease caused by a recently discovered coronavirus, pathogenic SARS-CoV-2. Coronavirus is considered one of the diseases arisen recently, Thus, The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has consequently resulted in a notable rate of morbidity and mortality. There are hopes that vaccination generated immunity or infection generated immunity or from herd achieved through both natural SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination, can control it. So, this study aimed to evaluated of IL- 2 and IFN γ levels in COVID-19 recovered patients, vaccination and hybrid (infected and vaccinated) for three months after infection or vaccination. This study was conducted on 165 COVID-19 Iraqi recovered patients, hybrid and vaccinated (males and females) with age ranged between 15-75 years, and 85 matched healthy control group. The nasopharyngeal swabs was used to confirm recovery via Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) technique. Blood samples collected for ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). There was significant difference in mean age (p = 0.007) among groups and the highest mean age was for recovered group (37.95 ±14.81) years followed by hybrid group(35.80 ±14.96)years and vaccinated group (33.93 ±16.06)years , the least mean age was for control group (29.84 ±12.20) years. While, there was no significant difference in the frequency distribution of subjects according to sex among study groups (p = 0.899). In addition there was significant increase (P< 0.001) 0f IL-2 level in COVID-19 recovered patients that taken vaccines group (210.37 ±36.51 pg/mL) followed by recovered patients (181.52 ±24.54 pg/mL) and vaccinated persons (178.81 ±17.50 pg/mL)as compared to healthy control group(148.91 ±7.14 pg/mL). There was significant difference in mean of IFN-gamma level (p < 0.001) and the level was highest in infected and vaccinated group(213.73 ±77.46 pg/mL) followed by vaccinated (188.99 ±33.31 pg/mL)and recovered groups (186.99 ± 46.11 pg/mL) then lastly by control group(145.06 ±5.34 pg/mL).Moreover, there was a strong positive correlation between IL-2 and IFN-γ (r = 0.534),( P<0.001) in COVID-19 recovered group .
The Association of Overweight and Obesity With Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus At Al-Diwaniyah Province
Authors: Flek Noora Flayyih , Maatook Majid Abdulwahab , Hassan Aqeel Raheem 
Published: October 2024

Background: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) represent a major concern for public health. and one of the main reasons for the global illness burden. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are still the main reason for mortality worldwide and are a major contributor to both health loss and excessive expenditures on healthcare.
Aim of study: to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among hypertensive or diabetic patients and identify the effect of these conditions on them. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study applied a convenient sample of 322 patients diagnosed with Hypertension or Type 2 diabetes, or both, who attended the Specialized Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology (SCDE) and Internal medicine consultant at Al-Diwaniyah province. An interview-based questionnaire is composed of several questions that have been gathered by researchers and assessed by a number of professionals. From the tenth of September to the beginning of February, the data was collected. Results: A total of 322 participants enrolled in this study, we found that the prevalence rate of obesity and overweight in groups of patients was 37.3% and 53.1%, respectively. There was a significant association between control of blood pressure in the diabetic group (p = 0.007), and there was a significant difference in mean age among the diabetes group, the hypertensive group, and the group with both diseases: 51.02 ±9.64 years, 50.58 ±12.06 years, and 54.14 ±9.97 years, respectively (p = 0.018). The difference in mean BMI among study groups was significant (p = 0.003); the highest mean BMI was seen in patients with both type 2 DM and hypertension, followed by the hypertension group, and the least mean BMI was noted in the diabetic group. Conclusions: The prevalence rate of obesity was higher than that of overweight among study groups. Age and education level were important risk factors for the development of comorbidity among patients. people with hypertension and type 2 diabetes had the greatest mean BMI, followed by hypertension patients, while diabetic patients had the lowest mean BMI (p = 0.003). The study discovered a substantial inverse connection between HDL-C, triglyceride, serum creatinine, and cholesterol in hypertensive patients, while A favorable association was identified among VLDL-C “and” cholesterol, whereas in diabetic patients, there was a significant favorable relationship between “LDL-C,” “VLDL-C,” “cholesterol,” and “TG” and an inverse connection between “HDL-C,” cholesterol, and blood urea.
Serological study of Crimean – Congo haemorrhagic fever in Sheep in Thi – Qar province
Authors: H. T Haneen , Ateya Hekmet k. , Abed Nabeel M. 
Published: October 2024

Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) causes a lethal tick – borne zoonotic disease with severe clinical manifestation in humans but does not produce symptomatic disease in wild or domestic animals. It is endemic in a large region of the word. One of the main indicators that the disease is endemic in a region is the presence of antibodies specific to CCHFV in animal populations. The factors contributing to differential outcomes of infection between species are not understood. Serological studies have shown sheep are important to the survival of CCHFV in nature. Nevertheless, need for more studies on this subject in Iraq. Blood samples were taken from 200 sheep of different sex, variable age and physiological status. Only 100 samples used for physiological testes while 186 used for Microbiological test (ELISA) test. The present study was appeared a high level about (144)78.53% of positive carrier sheep while negative samples (42)21.46% in Thi – Qar province which include different regions such as Al-eakihah , Al- rifai and Al- garma region which recorded about 92.85% , 90% and 90 % respectively comparative with another region of thi qar province that appear low level of infected such as Al-fadhliya , Al-tar and Al- manar which recorded about 75%, 50% and 60.71% respectively. The current study focused on and attempted to connect the different physiological states, sex and age with infected animals. The male sex appears ahigh level of infected about 83.92% comparative with female was appeared low level of infected by CCHF virus about 74.61%, while recorded high infected in non – pregnant about 75% comparative with pregnant about 73,80 . Also, the present study was showed ahigh level of infected in age from 5 to nine years about 82.4% comparative with another age ranges which appeared about 71.11, 78.50 %.
Breastfeeding Competency among Expectant Women
Authors: Ghaidan Orooba Hamid Abed , Noori Aysen Kamal Mohammed 
Published: October 2024

Breast milk serves as a vital source of nutrition for infants during the initial six months of life, offering a comprehensive array of essential nutrients.Breast milk serves as the optimal source of nutrition for infants, contributing to enhanced health outcomes throughout their lifespan and offering significant advantages to both families and society as a whole. The advocacy for breastfeeding can lead to a rise in family income through the preservation of infants' growth and development, as well as aiding in the recovery of women following childbirth. Consequently, this could result in increased labor force participation and demographic benefits for society.Moreover, it can contribute to the reduction of family and social medical costs by lowering the likelihood of short-term and long-term illnesses in women and infants. Results: The study results display that total effect of breastfeeding motivation on breastfeeding competency is .4419, p < 0.05. The direct effect of breastfeeding motivation on breastfeeding competency is .4608, p < 0.001. Conclusions: The student’s researcher concluded the following: The older the woman, the better the breastfeeding competency she exhibits. The better the socioeconomic status the family has, the better the breastfeeding competency the woman mirrors. The more perceived valuable breastfeeding to mothers and babies, the better the breastfeeding competency the woman reflects.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of a Novel Herbal Endodontic Irrigant Against Enterococcus Faecalis in Root Canals of Permanent Teeth: An in Vitro Study
Authors: Rashad Hadeel Riyadh , Haidar Aseel Haidar Al 
Published: October 2024

Background: A successful endodontic treatment is aimed at the sterilization of the entire pulp space. The use of extracts from Rhamnus prinoides as a novel irrigating material for root canal has not been studied . Hence, the antimicrobial efficacy of the alcoholic extract of Rhamnus prinoides as an irrigation material against E. faecalis was evaluated in comparison with the 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCL) solution used for root canals of permanent teeth. Methods: A total of 30 single-rooted human permanent teeth were thoroughly cleaned, shaped, and disinfected. Then, each tooth was subjected to a two-week infection with Enterococcus faecalis at 37 °C . Afterward, the samples were divided into three groups (10 teeth per group): 0.9% normal saline, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, and 250 µg/ml Rhamnus prinoides. Paper points were used before and after irrigation to collect samples. Bacterial growth was evaluated after 24 h. Bacterial colonies were counted. The data were examined statistically via one-way analysis of variance, Dunnett’s T3 post hoc test, and Shapiro–Wilk test. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results: The 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 250 µg/ml Rhamnus prinoides demonstrated higher effectiveness against biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis than normal saline (p<0.05). The percentage of antibacterial effectiveness were 94.094 ±3.342, 93.685 ±5.280, and 25.603 ±3.912. Conclusions: Rhamnus prinoides, when used as root canal irrigant solution, was effective the sodium hypochlorite against the E. faecalis biofilm.