bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early-Life Gut Microbiota: A Possible Link Between Maternal Exposure to Non-Nutritive Sweeteners and Metabolic Syndrome in Offspring
Authors: Yin Xiaoxiao , Shi Yujie , Sheng Tongtong , Ji Chenbo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is recognized as a group of metabolic abnormalities, characterized by clustered interconnected traits that elevate the risks of obesity, cardiovascular and atherosclerotic diseases, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are commonly consumed by those with imbalanced calorie intake, especially in the perinatal period. In the past, accumulating evidence showed the transgenerational and mediated roles of human microbiota in the development of early-life MetS. Maternal exposure to NNS has been recognized as a risk factor for filial metabolic disturbance through various mechanisms, among which gut microbiota and derived metabolites function as nodes linking NNS and MetS in early life. Despite the widespread consumption of NNS, there remain growing concerns about their transgenerational impact on metabolic health. There is growing evidence of NNS being implicated in the development of metabolic abnormalities. Intricate complexities exist and a comprehensive understanding of how the gut microbiota interacts with mechanisms related to maternal NNS intake and disrupts metabolic homeostasis of offspring is critical to realize its full potential in preventing early-life MetS. This review aims to elucidate the effects of early-life gut microbiota and links to maternal NNS exposure and imbalanced offspring metabolic homeostasis and discusses potential perspectives and challenges, which may provide enlightenment and understanding into optimal perinatal nutritional management.
Transcription factor SlSTOP1 regulates Small Auxin-Up RNA Genes for tomato root elongation under aluminum stress
Authors: Dong Danhui , Deng Qilin , Zhang Jialong , Jia Congyang , Gao Ming , Wang Yiran , Zhang Lei , Zhang Na , Guo Yang-Dong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Aluminum (Al) stress, a prevalent constraint in acidic soils, inhibits plant growth by inhibiting root elongation through restricted cell expansion. The molecular mechanisms of Al-induced root inhibition, however, are not fully understood. This study aimed to elucidate the role of Small Auxin-up RNAs (SlSAURs), which function downstream of the key Al stress-responsive transcription factor SENSITIVE TO PROTON RHIZOTOXICITY 1 (SlSTOP1) and its enhancer STOP1-INTERACTING ZINC-FINGER PROTEIN 1 (SlSZP1), in modulating root elongation under Al stress in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Our findings demonstrated that tomato lines with knocked-out SlSAURs exhibited shorter root lengths when subjected to Al stress. Further investigation into the underlying mechanisms revealed that SlSAURs interact with Type 2C Protein Phosphatases (SlPP2Cs), specifically D-clade Type 2C Protein Phosphatases (SlPP2C.Ds). This interaction was pivotal as it suppresses the phosphatase activity, leading to the degradation of SlPP2C.D's inhibitory effect on plasma membrane H+-ATPase. Consequently, this promoted cell expansion and root elongation under Al stress. These findings increase our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which Al ions modulate root elongation. The discovery of the SlSAUR-SlPP2C.D interaction and its impact on H+-ATPase activity also provides a perspective on the adaptive strategies employed by plants to cope with Al toxicity, which may lead to the development of tomato cultivars with enhanced Al stress tolerance, thereby improving crop productivity in acidic soils.
The ‘Predelinquent’ and the Community: Psychiatric Surveillance and Predictive Policing in Interwar Berkeley
Authors: Shepherd John 
Published: September 2024

Summary
Through the 1920s and 1930s, the Berkeley Police Department, renowned as a centre of scientific training and investigation, developed new programmes of predictive policing targeting ‘predelinquent’ youth. Led by Chief August Vollmer, schools, charities, social services and families throughout Berkeley were coordinated in the ongoing detection of early signs of developing psychoses and personality disorders believed to lead to future criminality. Implying a malleable trajectory of habit formation which might be perverted or corrected, predelinquency warranted psychiatric surveillance across the community to assist Berkeley’s police in identifying, mapping and correcting at-risk children. This paper examines how, through the psychiatric category of predelinquency, law enforcement enrolled the community in networks of pre-emptive surveillance with new responsibilities for reporting and correction. In turn, I examine how predelinquency shifted to accommodate various local priorities and anxieties, whereby predictive policing’s conceptions of potential threat or improvability reproduced the boundaries of the normative American community.
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Initiatives from Providers of Continuing Pharmacy Education
Authors: Murry Logan T. , Gettig Jacob P. , Catledge Kimberly , Janis Steve , Travlos Dimitra V. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract:
Although continuing education (CE) plays an important role in educating health care providers on diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI), little is known about the DEI initiatives promoted and implemented by providers of CE. Surveys were electronically administered to accredited pharmacy continuing education providers (CEPs) from 2021 to 2023. Survey items were assessed providers' current efforts and best practices for incorporating DEI into organizational culture and educational programming. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for categorical responses, and a general interpretivist approach was used to code open-ended response items and describe themes. Overall, 50 and 33 responses were received in 2021/2022 and 2023, respectively. The most common step taken by programs to advance DEI was to engage pharmacists and/or pharmacy technicians in DEI discussions. Qualitative analysis described categories and themes as follows: best practices (CE programming DEI strategies, organizational DEI strategies), DEI goals (mission statement and DEI strategic plan, developing CE, continuing pharmacy education committee and task force, and faculty development and guidance), and accrediting body support (sharing best practices and training and technical support). Although CEPs described current efforts and best practices related to DEI in CE, organizations involved in CE accreditation can continue to explore ways to support DEI initiatives.
Intensive Outpatient Programs for Pediatric Feeding Disorder: A Qualitative Study of Current Challenges and Future Directions
Authors: Baranwal Navya , Hodges Abby , Breiner Courtney E. , Malugen Emily , Estrem Hayley H. , Sharp William G. , Raol Nikhila 
Published: September 2024

Abstract:

Background:
Although intensive multidisciplinary interventions (IMIs) provide benefits for patients with pediatric feeding disorders (PFD), access to these programs is limited and challenges faced by the programs remain unclear.

Objective:
To better understand the barriers faced by existing day programs that provide IMI, disparities in patient care, and areas for improvement to better inform policy and improve access to treatment for PFD.

Methods:
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a leader of outpatient programs providing IMI in the United States. Data regarding leader's perspectives on disparities in patient care, barriers faced by the intensive multidisciplinary feeding day programs, and future goals and directions for their programming were collected. Afterward, a qualitative content analysis was conducted to consolidate and categorize information related to patient care, access, and barriers faced by day programs and patients with PFD.

Results:
Barriers and challenges were identified at the patient, program, and systems levels. Patient-level barriers included familial resources or socioeconomic status, geographic distance from the program site, and difficulty with the time commitment, whereas program-level barriers included limited site personnel and capacity and long wait times. System-level barriers primarily center on insurance, with inconsistent coverage of services and limited payer knowledge about PFD and IMI.

Conclusion:
IMIs are effective in managing PFD; however, a variety of patient-level, program-level, and systems-level factors serve as barriers for patient access to care and program success. Further research, improved reimbursement, and consensus statements on effective treatments can help improve access to and coverage for care, allowing for the development and sustainability of more programs.
Unilateral Surgical Treatment of Severe Deviated Condylar Base Fracture in Pediatric Bilateral Condylar Fracture: 12-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Sasaki Ryo , Nagahama Ryo , Okamoto Toshihiro 
Published: September 2024

Pediatric condylar fractures are commonly managed conservatively, as the condyle typically exhibits spontaneous remodeling. However, should conservative treatment be administered for severe deviated condylar processes? In a case involving a 7-year-5-month-old girl who fell from a height of 3 m, she sustained a mandibular parasymphysis fracture and bilateral condylar fractures, including a condylar base fracture with 60-degree medial deviation on the right side and a condylar head fracture, Neff type A, on the left side. To address the fractures, internal fixation was performed on the right condyle via a classical retromandibular approach, and a mini-plate was removed four months postsurgery. At a follow-up 12 years and 7 months later, the patient showed normal occlusion, TMJ function, and no visible scars. In addition, there was no facial deviation, although the surgical site condyle was larger than the nonsurgical site, suggesting that the surgical site facilitated normal growth while the nonsurgical site impeded it.
High-stakes Technical Performance Assessments Across the Continuum of Surgical Training
Authors: Toale Conor , Kavanagh Dara O. , Devine Michael , Morris Marie 
Published: September 2024

Objective:
The aim of this article to outline proposals for the use of high stakes technical performance assessments, defined as assessments of technical skill that take place outside of the operating theatre, across the continuum of surgical training.

Summary Background Data:
Technological advancements have allowed for the assessment of operative technical skill outside of the workplace environment, developed and evaluated in line with modern concepts of assessment validity. With the introduction of competency-based education principles across surgical training curricula, increasing scrutiny is being placed on the validity and reliability of assessments used to inform high-stakes training decisions regarding selection, progression through training, autonomy granting and end-of-training certification. The role of performance assessments, conducted outside of the workplace environment, is yet to be fully established.

Methods:
This article discusses the use of high-stakes performance assessments across the continuum of surgical training, with reference to relevant theories of surgical skill acquisition and assessment, along with contemporary evidence from the performance science literature.

Results:
Assessments of increasing professional authenticity are required across the continuum of surgical training. In an attempt to capture inherent ability rather than skill at the time of trainee selection, assessments should be of deliberately low levels of professional authenticity. Assessment in early surgical training should focus on ensuring competence in core surgical skills, and then assessing for canonical competence across a series of commonly encountered procedures. Baseline competence in these procedures should ideally be assessed prior to the transition to (supervised) lead operator, with a view to ensuring patient safety and improving the efficiency of in-theatre training. Assessment later in training relies more heavily on the workplace, with simulation offering a complimentary role in ensuring a minimum competency standard in procedures less likely to be encountered in the workplace.

Conclusion:
High-stakes performance assessments can play an important role as part of a programmatic approach to surgical training and certification. They can and should be designed with an appropriate level of professional authenticity to ensure adequate and appropriate representation of the assessment construct.
α-Synuclein seeding activity and progression in sporadic and genetic forms of Parkinson’s disease in the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative cohort
Authors: Schumacher Jackson G. , Zhang Xinyuan , Wang Jian , Bayati Armin , Dijkstra Johannes M. , Watanabe Hirohisa , Schwarzschild Michael A. , Cortese Marianna , Zhang Xuehong , Chen Xiqun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundα-Synuclein (α-syn) seed amplification assays (SAAs) have shown remarkable potential as a diagnostic tool for Parkinson’s disease (PD). Using data from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) cohort, we aimed to assess whether baseline α-syn seeding and seed concentration are associated with progression in sporadic PD,LRRK2-associated PD (LRRK2PD), andGBA-associated PD (GBAPD).MethodsUsing a linear mixed-effects model adjusted for potential confounding factors, we analyzed 14 years of motor and cognitive assessments and five years of dopamine transporter imaging data from 878 PPMI participants to establish comprehensive progression profiles for sporadic PD (n=473),LRRK2PD (n=275), andGBAPD (n=130). By introducing α-syn SAA results from 586 participants (n=351 sporadic PD, 163LRRK2PD, and 72GBAPD), we determined whether baseline α-syn seeding positivity (95% sporadic PD, 69%LRRK2PD, and 94%GBAPD) and the time to 50% of the maximum fluorescence (T50), an indicator of seed concentration, are associated with progression in PD.FindingsParticipants with sporadic PD (yearly change in MDS-UPDRS III: 1.50 points; 95% confidence interval 1.41–1.58) andGBAPD (1.52; 1.31–1.72)(p=0.873) progressed similarly while those withLRRK2PD progressed slower (1.05; 0.89–1.20)(p<0.001). There was no significant difference between α-syn SAA+ sporadic PD (1.48; 1.03–1.92) andLRRK2PD (1.09; 0.76–1.44) participants and their negative counterparts (1.25; 0.81–1.70)(p=0.347)(0.80; 0.50–1.10)(P=0.087). Similarly, α-syn seeding activity was not significantly associated with progression inGBAPD. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference in progression between sporadic PD participants with high (1.46; 1.33–1.59), medium (1.45; 1.30–1.61)(p=0.948), and low seed concentration (1.42; 1.11–1.73)(p=0.804). Similarly, seed concentration was not significantly associated with progression inLRRK2orGBAPD.InterpretationBaseline α-syn seeding activity and seed concentration were not statistically significantly associated with PD progression in the PPMI cohort. More longitudinal investigations into the relationship between α-syn seeding activity, seed concentration, and progression are needed before concretely establishing α-syn aggregation as the primary driver of PD.FundingThis study was funded in part by Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s No. ASAP-237603 through the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research and the National Institute of Health through the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke grant R01NS102735.
FASER: A TOOL TO SIMULATE PSF DISTORTIONS IN STED MICROSCOPY
Authors: Bancelin Stephane , Roos Johannes , Nägerl U. Valentin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe introduce Faser, a software package developed in Python as a plugin for the open-source napari platform, designed to simulate the excitation point spread functions (PSFs) of microscopes. Using a full-vectorial computational approach to simulate the electromagnetic fields within the focal region, it makes precise predictions and allows detailed analyses of excitation PSFs. Faser is intended as a pedagogical tool enabling users to explore the impact of various geometrical and optical parameters of practical importance on imaging performance. It supports the modeling of complex beam profiles, including donut and bottle-shaped beams, which are instrumental in advanced microscopy techniques such as Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) microscopy. Through specific simulations and accessible illustrations, we showcase Faser’s capabilities in replicating the distinctive properties of STED beams, making it a valuable resource for researchers and students in optical microscopy to explore and optimize high-resolution imaging techniques.
Chronic treatment with fluoxetine downregulates mitochondrial activity in parvalbumin interneurons of prefrontal cortex
Authors: Jetsonen Elias , Suleymanova Ilida , Castrén Eero , Umemori Juzoh 
Published: September 2024

AbstractChronic treatment with fluoxetine, a widely prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), is known to promote neural plasticity. The role of fluoxetine in plasticity has been particularly tied to parvalbumin-positive interneurons (PV-INs), which are critical regulators of inhibitory tone and synaptic plasticity. Our previous studies have highlighted behavioral plasticity and gene expression changes in the visual cortex and hippocampus after chronic treatment with fluoxetine. However, the impact of fluoxetine treatment on gene expression and neuronal function in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic fluoxetine treatment on PV-INs in the PFC. Using Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification (TRAP), we found that fluoxetine treatment downregulated pathways involved in mitochondrial energy production, including multiple steps of the respiratory chain. Upregulated genes were associated with phosphatase activity, voltage-gated potassium channels, and amino acid transmembrane transport. Mitochondrial analysis for sorted cells demonstrated mitochondrial membrane potential was reduced in PV-INs, but increased in non-PV-INs in the PFC. These observations indicate altered mitochondrial dynamics between the cell types and reduced mitochondrial activity in PV-INs, potentially contributing to their disinhibition. Immunohistochemical analyses further demonstrated reduced PV expression and weakened perineuronal nets in specific PFC regions, suggesting elevated plasticity, and potentially explaining the modulation of fear and anxiety-related behaviors that were previously observed. Our results underscore the differential impact of chronic fluoxetine on gene expression and mitochondrial function in PV-INs, suggesting region-specific disinhibition and enhanced synaptic plasticity in the PFC.
A Water Relaxation Atlas for Age- and Region-specific Metabolite Concentration Correction
Authors: Simegn Gizeaddis Lamesgin , Song Yulu , Murali-Manohar Saipavitra , Zöllner Helge J. , Davies-Jenkins Christopher W. , Simičić Dunja , Hupfeld Kathleen E. , Gudmundson Aaron T. , Muska Emlyn , Carter Emily , Hui Steve C.N. , Yedavalli Vivek , Oeltzschner Georg , Dean Douglas C. , Ceritoglu Can , Ratnanather Tilak , Porges Eric , Edden Richard 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMetabolite concentration estimates from Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) are typically quantified using water referencing, correcting for relaxation-time differences between metabolites and water. One common approach is to correct the water reference signal for differential relaxation within three tissue compartments (gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid) using fixed literature values. However, water relaxation times (T1andT2) vary between brain locations, in pathology, and with age. MRS studies, even those measuring metabolite levels across the lifespan, often ignore these effects, because of a lack of reference data. The purpose of this study is to develop a water relaxometry atlas and to integrate location- and age-appropriate relaxation values into the MRS analysis workflow. 101 volunteers (51 men, 50 women; ∼10 male and 10 female participants per decade (from the 20s to 60s), were recruited.T1-weighted MPRAGE images ((1-mm)3isotropic resolution) were acquired. Whole-brain waterT1andT2measurements were made with DESPOT ((1.4 mm)3isotropic resolution).T1andT2maps were registered to the JHU MNI-SS/EVE atlas using affine and LDDMM transformation. The atlas’s 268 parcels were reduced to 130 by combining homologous parcels. MeanT1andT2values were calculated for each parcel in each subject. Linear models ofT1andT2as functions of age were computed, usingage – 30as the predictor. Reference atlases of “age-30-intercept” and age-slope forT1andT2were generated. The atlas-based workflow was integrated into Osprey, which co-registers MRS voxels to the atlas and calculates location- and age-appropriate water relaxation parameters for quantification.The water relaxation aging atlas revealed significant regional and tissue differences in water relaxation behavior across adulthood. Using location- and subject-appropriate reference values in the MRS analysis workflow removes a current methodological limitation and is expected to reduce quantification biases associated with water-referenced tissue correction, especially for studies of aging.
AFG3L2-mediated proteolysis restricts mitochondrial biogenesis and gene expression in hypoxia
Authors: Chandragiri Srikanth , Grotehans Nils , Lasarzewski Yvonne , Patron Maria , MacVicar Thomas , Ohba Yohsuke , Hermans Steffen , Rugarli Elena , Nolte Hendrik , Langer Thomas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMitochondria are metabolically rewired in hypoxia when cells switch to glycolytic growth. In addition to the well-established role of transcriptional and translational programs, there is increasing evidence that post-translational mechanisms contribute to the rapid adaptation of the mitochondrial proteome to hypoxia. Here, we have used a proteomic survey to define how the m-AAA protease AFG3L2, a proteolytic complex in the inner mitochondrial membrane, regulates mitochondrial proteostasis. Our experiments identify a broad spectrum of mitochondrial substrate proteins and show that AFG3L2 is activated in hypoxia along an HIF1α-mTORC1 signaling axis. AFG3L2-mediated proteolysis restricts mitochondrial biogenesis and gene expression by degrading proteins, which are involved in mitochondrial protein import, mitochondrial transcription, mRNA processing, mRNA modification and stability, and RNA granule formation. Our experiments highlight the important contribution of proteolytic rewiring of the mitochondrial proteome for the adaptation to low oxygen tension and shed new light on the pathophysiology of several neurodegenerative disorders associated with mutations inAFG3L2.