bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Auroral 3D structure retrieval from the Juno/UVS data
Authors: Benmahi B. , Bonfond B. , Benne B. , Hue V. , Grodent D. , Barthélemy M. , Sinclair J. A. , Moirano A. , Head L. A. , Gladstone R. , Gronoff G. , Sicorello G. , Simon Wedlund C. , Giles R. , Greathouse T. K. 
Published: October 2024

Context. Jovian auroras, the most powerful in the Solar System, result from the interaction between the magnetosphere and atmosphere of Jupiter. While the horizontal morphology of these phenomena has been widely studied, their vertical structure, determined by the penetration depth of the magnetospheric electron into the auroral regions, remains relatively unexplored. Previous observations, including those from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), have addressed this question to a limited extent.
Aims. In this study we aim to map the vertical structure of Jovian auroral emissions.
Methods. Using observations from Juno’s UltraViolet Spectrograph (UVS), we examined the vertical structure of the auroral emissions. Building on a recent study of auroral energy mapping based on UVS observations that mapped the average energy of precipitating electrons in the Jovian auroral regions, we find a relationship between this average energy and the volume emission rate (VER) of H2 for two types of electron energy distributions: monoenergetic and a kappa distribution with κ = 2.5.
Results. Using brightness maps, we derived the 3D VER structure of Jovian auroras in both northern and southern regions, across multiple spacecraft perijoves (PJs). By considering the example of PJ11, we find that the average altitude of the VER peak in the polar emission region is approximately ~250 km for the monoenergetic distribution case and ~190 km for kappa distribution case. In the main emission region, we find that the average altitude of the VER peak is approximately ~260 km for the case of monoenergetic distribution and ~197 km for kappa distribution case. For the other PJs, we obtained results that are very similar to those of PJ11.
Conclusions. Our findings are, on average, consistent with measurements from the Galileo probe and the HST observations. This study contributes to a better understanding of the complexity of Jovian auroras and highlights the importance of using Juno observations when probing their vertical structure. Considering the variability in the κ parameter in the auroral region, we also studied the impact of this variability on the vertical structure of the auroral emission. This sensitivity study reveals that the influence of the κ parameter on our results was very weak. However, the impact of the κ variability on the VER amplitude shows that there is an influence on the thermal structure and chemical composition of the atmosphere in the auroral regions.
Forgotten and Found: Neglected Omphalocele - Vital Role of Imaging
Authors: Mohan Ruchika , Meena Priyanka , Bagri Neha , Gupta Jyoti 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background Omphalocele is a congenital abnormality of the abdominal wall consisting of protrusion of the abdominal contents at the base of the umbilical cord. It is associated with genetic and structural defects, which significantly affect its prognosis and survival outcomes.
Case Presentation Prenatal diagnosis of this condition is crucial for apt management; however, we present two cases of neglected and giant omphaloceles in early childhood. It is usually a disease of neonatal age, and presentation at such a late age is quite rare. The management of such cases is quite challenging, and multiple strategies have been described. In our case, the giant omphalocele was managed with an external surgical skin closure system as a component of a staged closure strategy.
Conclusion The expert surgical technique played a decisive role, allowing the coordination of a multidisciplinary team, which was crucial for optimal management.
Psychiatric Etiologies and Approaches in Altered Mental Status Presentations: Insights from Consultation Liaison Psychiatry
Authors: Hamm Brandon , Rosenthal Lisa J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractConsultation liaison psychiatrists are frequently asked to evaluate patients with altered mental status (AMS). Psychiatrists have unique perspectives and approaches to care for confused patients, particularly optimizing facilitation of care and maintaining vigilance for diagnostic overshadowing. Psychiatrists also offer expertise in primary psychiatric illnesses that can overlap with AMS, and the most common etiology of AMS is delirium. In this article, we provide a consultation liaison psychiatrist perspective on AMS and related psychiatric conditions in addition to delirium. Manic and psychotic episodes have primary and secondary etiologies, with some symptoms that can overlap with delirium. Catatonia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and serotonin syndrome are potentially fatal emergencies, and require prompt index of suspicion to optimize clinical outcomes. Trauma sequelae, functional neurologic disorders, and dissociative disorders can present as puzzling cases that require psychiatric facilitation of care. Additionally, AMS is sometimes due to substance intoxication and withdrawal in the hospital. A nonstigmatizing approach to evaluation and management of delirium and AMS can ensure optimal patient care experiences and outcomes.
Building democratic resilience: the impact of political engagement during education on xenophobia and political trust
Authors: Kiess Johannes 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study examines the relationships between political engagement in school or university such as serving as speaker of class or organizing political events and xenophobia and political trust. Following interactionist socialization theory, political engagement during adolescence should shape ideas of citizenship, democracy, and equality and, thus, foster democratic resilience. Schools and universities are arguably key institutions to build trust in political systems and counter-authoritarian dynamics if they provide space for learning democracy by doing. The paper shows that, indeed, political engagement in the context of school or university limits xenophobic views and increases political trust. It further affirms that experiencing efficacy prevents perceiving immigrants as a threat. The original finding that political trust mediates the association between democratic experience and xenophobia further supports this reading. The paper provides evidence from nine European countries (including quotas for young people) for the importance of experiencing democracy through direct engagement at a young age.
Xylanase and phytase supplementation of Moringa oleifera diets: effects on the performance, egg quality and blood profile of laying hens
Authors: Macambira G. M. , Rabello C. B. V. , Oliveira H. S. H. , Santos M. J. B. , Silva D. A. , Santos A. C. F. , Ribeiro A. G. , Lins Júnior O. S. , Sousa L. D. N. , Máximo I. L. C. , Navarro M. V. 
Published: October 2024

Context Moringa oleifera leaves present enormous potential as an alternative feedstuff for laying hens. The utilisation of the leaves can be improved by exogenous enzymes owing to the presence of non-starch polysaccharides and phytate. Aims This study evaluated the influence of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOL) in diets supplemented with xylanase and phytase on laying hen performance and egg quality at peak production. Methods In total, 288 Dekalb White laying hens (32 weeks old) were distributed in a completely randomised design, following a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement (with or without MOL × 4 enzyme supplementations). Each treatment comprised six repetitions, each containing six hens. The control diet was based on ground corn and soybean meal, and the treatment diets were supplemented with 5% MOL, followed by three enzyme additives (xylanase, phytase and a xylanase + phytase blend). Key results The enzyme supplementation in MOL diets positively influenced egg production (P = 0.012), egg weight (P = 0.021) and egg mass (P = 0.009). The birds offered xylanase-supplemented diets had higher feed intakes (P = 0.015) than did those fed other diets. Moringa oleifera increased the albumen height (P < 0.001) and Haugh unit (P < 0.001), whereas MOL and phytase improved eggshell thickness (P < 0.001) and the candling score (P = 0.049), compared with treatments without phytase supplementation. MOL and enzyme supplementation improved yolk colour intensity (L, A and R parameters) and decreased plasma total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol concentrations. The inclusion of 5% MOL in diets did not impair laying performance. However, when MOL diets were supplemented with exogenous enzymes, there was an increase in egg weight. Conclusions MOL can be included at 5% in layer diets without affecting performance. When used in combination with xylanase and phytase, they improve performance, intensify yolk colour, and improve shell thickness, candling score, as well as serum biochemical profile. Implications These findings suggest that the combination of dietary MOL + xylanase + phytase can improve performance and egg quality in laying hens at peak production.
Fe(OH)3/Ti3C2Tx nanocomposites for enhanced ammonia gas sensor at room temperature
Authors: Zhao Zhihua , Zhang Hepeng , Chen Pu , Jin Guixin , Wu Lan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Two-dimensional material (2D material) MXene has great application potential in gas sensors because of its excellent controllable performance and vast specific surface area. In this study, we used a straightforward in-situ electrostatic self-assembly technique to create Fe(OH)3/Ti3C2Tx nanocomposites, which were then used to fabricate gas sensors for ammonia detection at room temperature (25 °C). Several characterization methods were performed aimed at determining the surface appearance and construction of the nanocomposites, and the sensing characteristics and mechanism were also systematically examined. The findings demonstrate the effective incorporation of amorphous Fe(OH)3 nanoparticles on the surface of Ti3C2Tx. Additionally the nanocomposites of Fe(OH)3/Ti3C2Tx have considerably higher specific surface area than pure Ti3C2Tx, hence offering more active NH3 adsorption sites. The response of the sensor to 100 ppm NH3 was 48.6% at room temperature, which was 9.3 times more higher than that of pure Ti3C2Tx. The sensors also have the advantages of long-term stability (33 d), low NH3 detection limit (500 ppb), and rapid recovery time (85 s) and response times (78 s). It is anticipated that this work will be helpful for developing the new generation of wearable ammonia sensors at room temperature.
Study on UV-VIS characteristics of Aluminum Zinc Oxide nanoparticles through manganese substitution using Wemple-Di domenico method and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy
Authors: Norouzzadeh P , Mabhouti Kh , Rahmani Z 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this research Manganese-substitution impact on linear and nonlinear (NL) optical properties of Aluminum-doped ZnO (AlZnO) Nanoparticles (NPs) are investigated. Utilizing measured data of reflectance acquired from the DRS, the higher-order NL optical characteristics of the provided NPs are examined. The maximum quantity of NL susceptibility

χ

3

is measured to be around 3.945 × 10−10 esu at wavelength λ = 520 nm and 7.467 × 10−11 esu at wavelength λ = 530 nm for AlZnO and Manganese-substituted Aluminum-doped Zinc-Oxide (Mn-also) NPs, for particle sizes 14−67 nm and 11−54 nm, consecutively. Consequently, the synthesis method (sol–gel) which is used in this work concluded a decrease in particle size and different optical behavior especially in UV spectral regions during the substitution with Manganese in comparison with the AlZnO. This decrement assures that a decrease in the size of crystallite induces a decline in the

χ

3

.

The obtained optical parameters are red shifted with the Manganese substitution. Also, the NL absorption coefficient (β
c(m/W)) is enhanced in the UV range. The maximum of the NL absorption coefficient (β
c(m/W)), for AlZnO and Mn-AlZnO NPs, are determined (at λ = 250 nm) 2.24 × 10−18 (m/W) and 5.76 × 10−15 (m/W) respectively.
New periodic solutions and solitary wave solutions for the time-fractional differential equations
Authors: Liu Meina , Lu Lin , Chen Yujing , Zhang Chao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we obtain many different types of exact solutions to the time-fractional Klein–Gordon equation and the time-fractional generalized Hirota-Satsuma coupled KdV system by using the modified rational function approach. Some new solutions such as the kink-periodic solution, the anti-kink-periodic solution and the concave-convex-periodic solution are constructed. Furthermore, the kink and the singular kink waves, the bell shaped soliton and the singular soliton solutions of the two equations also are found. Some numerical simulations are presented, these works can effectively reflect the propagation phenomena of time-fractional nonlinear systems, and also enable us to understand time-fractional nonlinear physical phenomena more clearly.
Applications of molecular beam epitaxy in optoelectronic devices: an overview
Authors: Hidayat Wagma , Usman Muhammad 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) is a crystal growth technique used to manufacture ultra-thin semiconducting layers with nearly flawless control over layer their compositions, dimensions, and doping concentrations. Initially, this growth technique has been extensively employed to III-V semiconducting alloys. MBE has found widespread application in the growth of semiconducting compounds (i.e., silicon, germanium, II-VI, IV-VI), dielectrics, epitaxial metallic films, as well as superconducting materials. For a comprehensive overview of MBE, in this work, we will first go over some of the fundamentals of MBE, followed by its brief history, and its significance in the production of various electronic and optoelectronic devices, including light-emitting diodes (LEDs), laser diodes (LDs) photodiodes/photodetectors, and solar cells.
Generation of scalar and vector beams with longitudinally varying polarization based on all-silicon metasurfaces
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Jun , Wu Qiaohua , Zhang Tian , Lin Jie , Jin Peng , Liu Shutian , Zhou Keya 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Beams with longitudinally continuously varying polarization provide a new application dimension in fields such as optical communication and optical manipulation. The small-sized and multifunctional metasurfaces have been used to generate scalar or vector beams whose polarizations vary along the propagation direction within a single polarization mode. However, dual-mode beams with longitudinally varying polarization can further increase the dimension of manipulation, but they have been rarely explored. Here, we propose a scheme based on the spatial partitioning method for designing dual-mode beams with longitudinally evolving polarization. To validate the proposed scheme, we demonstrate three dual-mode beams generated by all-silicon metasurfaces which have evolving polarization from scalar to vector, scalar vortex to vector vortex, and first-order to second-order cylindrical vector, respectively. The transverse polarization distributions of these beams depend on their longitudinal position. The different focal lengths of the orthogonal circularly polarized components and the design of long focal depth make it possible to change the polarization distribution longitudinally. The optical fields generated based on the proposed scheme are expected to be applied in depth detection and optical manipulation.
First-principles studies on the electronic and thermal transport properties of twin graphene and its analogues
Authors: Li Wentao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The novel two-dimensional (2D) carbon allotropes with various carbon networks have provided an unprecedented platform to explore fascinating device applications beyond graphene. In this work, the electronic and thermal transport properties of the twin graphene and its structural analogues, i.e., γ-graphyne, twin T-graphene, and twin 4–8 graphene, have been systematically revealed through first-principles calculations. Our results confirm the energetic and dynamical stability of the twin graphene family, and the intrinsic semiconducting nature of these 2D carbon sheets superior to graphene. Based on the solution of the phonon Boltzmann transport equation, the evaluated thermal conductivity of the considered 2D carbon sheets indicates that the absence of acetylenic linkages in carbon networks leads to a relatively enhanced heat transfer capacity, i.e., a higher thermal conductivity in the twin graphene family than the γ-graphyne case. More interestingly, a way to effectively tune thermal transport properties in the twin graphene family has been proposed via the utilization of atom-embedded carbon nanocages. Our results indicate that a notable 63.8% reduction in thermal conductivity can be achieved for twin graphene through the embedding of Ti atoms into the nanocages, exhibiting great potential for robust thermal management in low-dimensional carbon networks.
Multiple solitons, multiple lump solutions, and lump wave with solitons for a novel (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear partial differential equation
Authors: Ma Zhimin , Han Hongwei , Tian Lin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The primary aim of this paper is to explore exact solutions to a novel (2+1)-dimensional water wave equation that models oceanic wave phenomena. We begin by applying the Hirota bilinear transformation method to derive multi-soliton solutions, including 3-soliton and 4-soliton solutions. Then, utilizing the bilinear form of the equation and the long-wave limit method, we identify multiple lump solutions and interaction solutions between lumps and solitons. These include 1-lump, 2-lump, and 3-lump solutions, as well as interactions between a 1-lump and a 1-soliton, and between a 1-lump and 2-solitons. The physical dynamics of these solutions are visually represented, offering insight into the corresponding oceanic wave phenomena.
Entropy analysis of mixed convective electro-magnetohydrodynamic couple-stress hybrid nanofluid flow with variable electrical conductivity in a porous channel
Authors: Mushahary Pungja , Ontela Surender 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The paper presents a novel study to examine the irreversibility of quadratically mixed convective electro-magnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) flow of a couple-stress hybrid nanofluid (CSHNF) with variable properties in a vertical porous channel. The channel walls are exposed to an applied electric field effect and a uniform transverse magnetic field. The hybrid nanofluid considered is an ethylene glycol (C
2
H
6
O
2) base mixed with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs), assuming the base fluid and nanoparticles to be in a state of thermal equilibrium following the Tiwari-Das nanofluid model. The potential applications of the study can be in microfluidics to nanofluidics, particularly in developing cooling technologies, EMHD pumps, high-end microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), and lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices used in bioengineering. A constant pressure gradient acting in the flow direction and the buoyancy effect under the quadratic Boussinesq approximation drive the flow. The governing momentum and energy equations are nondimensionalized using pertinent dimensionless parameters and solved by the semi-analytical homotopy analysis method (HAM). The entropy generation and the Bejan numbers are derived to examine the irreversibilities in the system. To investigate the rate of shear stresses and heat transfer, skin friction coefficients and Nusselt numbers on the channel walls are determined. The analysis emphasizes the influence of nanoparticle concentration and electromagnetic field on the flow dynamics, temperature distribution, and system irreversibilities in the presence of porous media. It reveals the enhancement of fluid velocity and temperature degradation for higher concentrations. In contrast, both reduce for higher magnetic and electrical strength. With the enhancement of electrical joule heating and quadratic convection, a higher entropy generation rate is attained with a low rate of heat transfer irreversibility. However, it reduces with higher nanoparticle concentration, electrical strength, porosity, and variable electrical conductivity parameters under the dominance of heat transfer irreversibility.
Resonant transport in a double-barrier heterostructure AlxGa1−xAs/GaAs and mass discontinuity: a semiclassical path integral approach
Authors: Douvropoulos Theodosios Geo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the dependence of the resonant carrier transport in an AlGaAs/GaAs double-barrier heterostructure on the electron’s effective mass discontinuity between the well and the barrier layer. We use a one-dimensional model for the effective potential and consider the activation of the resonant tunneling mechanism when a bias is applied between the emitter and the collector. We calculate the system’s Green’s function through semiclassical path integration to obtain the complex spectrum. Electron’s effective mass discontinuity affects our calculations through the contributions of the various propagations inside the heterostructure and the multiple reflections from the turning points. Our findings show that the lowest resonance energy decreases linearly with increasing bias, while the real energy shift of the resonance decreases in a non-linear manner with the mass discontinuity. We also observe that the resonant transport time increases nearly linearly with the mass discontinuity. These results demonstrate the impact of the carrier’s inertia enhancement on the resonance characteristics and are consistent with established concepts in quantum mechanics and previously published works. Furthermore, we identify a critical bias value that distinguishes the behavior of the symmetric and asymmetric heterostructure. Additionally, the derivative of the transport time with respect to mass discontinuity is found to be independent of the applied bias. Our results provide concise analytical relationships involving parameters such as barrier and well thickness and shape, enabling the prediction and optimization of various nanoscale devices’ performance.
Effect of nano-Cu-loaded graphene fillers on tribological properties of PTFE based composite coatings
Authors: Huang Shan , Yin Yanguo , Fang Xiaoliang , Miao Jilin , Lu Zheng , Zhang Guotao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)-based composite coating has been widely used in the tribology field due to the high strength of graphene(GNS) and the self-lubricating property of PTFE. However, the weak interfacial bonding between GNS and PTFE inhibits the tribological performance of PTFE-based composite coatings. In this study, the composite coating is in situ fabricated by loading Cu nanoparticles on the GNS surface, and the microstructure, bonding, friction, and wear properties of the composite coating were investigated. The results showed that the interfacial bond strength, friction, and wear properties of Cu@GNS-PTFE coating are higher than those of pure PTFE and GNS-PTFE coating. Compared with the PTFE coating, the Cu@GNS-PTFE coating with the optimal ratio(5%) can increase the bond strength by 24.6% and reduce the wear rate by 42.2%. The lubrication mechanism of the Cu@GNS-PTFE coating is the Cu nanoparticle can increase the interfacial bonding property of GNS and PTFE from both mechanical interlocking and chemical activity, which can promote the synergistic lubrication of GNS and PTFE, and provide a theoretical basis for the further application of PTFE and GNS.