bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Chemical Potential of Water in Soils and Sediments
Authors: Riedel Thomas , Weber Tobias K.D. 
Published: January 2016

Core Ideas
Measurements of the true chemical potential of water in soils are presented.
The thermodynamic state of water is not uniform in up to 80% of the pore spaces of soils and sediments.
Application of the chemical potential of water in biogeochemical studies of soils is discussed.
The chemical potential of water characterizes the thermodynamic state of the aqueous environment in soils and sediments. In the presence of clay minerals and other fines, such as organic matter and silt, it is lower than at standard state (less than −237.18 kJ mol‐1). As a result, chemical reactions may proceed rather differently than in an ideal aqueous solution. This is currently not considered in biogeochemical models of soils and sediments. Therefore, we conducted a series of quantitative measurements of water's chemical potential in soils of various clay content. We can show that the amount of pore water in soils traditionally determined gravimetrically from water loss after drying at 105°C, overestimates the pore water that is thermodynamically at standard state. We discuss implications for biogeochemical processes in soils and sediments and give evidence that clay content is a good predictor for an estimate of chemical potential. Although the accurate chemical potential of water has so far received little attention, it may emerge as a useful tool in soils sciences, geochemistry, and other related disciplines.
Organic Amendment and Plant Growth Improved Aggregation in Cu/Pb‐Zn Tailings
Authors: Yuan Mingrui , Xu Zhi Ping , Baumgartl Thomas , Huang Longbin 
Published: January 2016

Core Ideas
Organic matters rich in functional groups (e.g. amines, carboxylic, and hydroxylic) stimulated the microaggregation of fine silt/silt particles in Cu/Pb‐Zn tailings.
Plant growth favored the formation of macroaggregates and large macroaggregates in the silty tailings.
Microbial activities and amorphous Fe/Al/Si in the rhizosphere tailings galvanized the stability of aggregates in the tailings.
Improving aggregation in base metal mine tailings is an important step in stimulating the formation of technosols for successful phytostabilization. The present study aimed at evaluating the effects of organic amendments and the growth of pioneer plant species on aggregation of Cu/Pb‐Zn tailings under glasshouse conditions. The tailings were amended with sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) residue (SR) and its compost (SC) at 5% (w/w), and were incubated with or without red flinders (Iseilema vaginiflorum Domin) growth in a pot‐culture experiment for 40 d. The organic amendments mainly stimulated tailings microaggregation through organo‐mineral interactions, due to increased aggregate‐associated organic C (OC) contents. The plant colonization in the amended tailings further induced macroaggregation. Organic functional groups involved in the aggregation were identified as amine, carboxylic, and hydroxylic groups in the SR and SC. The SC contained higher levels of these groups than the SR, resulting in its greater effects on microaggregation. The addition of organic matters (OM) and plant colonization increased the contents of microbial biomass and poorly crystalline Fe in the rhizosphere, which were correlated well with the aggregate stability. As a result, both OMs containing functional groups and pioneer plant culture were found to stimulate aggregation and the development of technosols in Cu/Pb‐Zn tailings.
Stress Distribution under Forestry Machinery and Consequences for Soil Stability
Authors: Riggert R. , Fleige F. , Kietz B. , Gaertig T. , Horn R. 
Published: January 2016

Core Ideas
Stress impacts of forestry machinery exceed soil stability and cause soil degradation.
Special forestry machinery is able to reduce stress impacts significantly.
Only weight reduction and cleat tracks combined lead to stable soil conditions in topsoil.
The major principal stress (σ1) of modern wheels and cleat‐track forestry machinery was evaluated regarding changes in soil strength during multiple traffic experiments. Four heavy machines up to 32 Mg and three smaller machines up to 6.5 Mg were tested on soils derived from loess and glacial till in Lower Saxony, northwest Germany. The σ1 was measured at different soil depths by a stress‐state transducer system. Undisturbed soil samples were also taken to identify precompression stress (Pc) in order to quantify the ratio of Pc and actual σ1. This ratio is used to describe soil stability responses to specific machinery impacts and offers additional physical soil parameters useful for estimating soil structural changes. The value of σ1 generally decreased with depth and with an increasing number of traffic events. The findings show considerable differences in σ1 (up to 43%) following the first and second passes. A specially designed cleat‐track lumber hauler was able to reduce σ1 by about 64% compared with the typical wheeled forwarder. Although Pc/σ1 ratios developed in the surface soils following traffic by both light and heavy machinery, this ratio dramatically increased for heavy machinery. While on the one hand trafficking during harvesting did not change the soil strength in the subsoil, the negative outcome of these tests on the other hand indicated that only one of the seven tested machines equipped with a special dynamic driving system and containing a lower load was able to maintain σ1 smaller than the internal strength of the soil at all depths and did not exceed the site‐specific strength history.
Does Cattle Grazing and Baling of Corn Residue Increase Water Erosion?
Authors: Blanco-Canqui Humberto , Stalker Aaron L. , Rasby Rick , Shaver Tim M. , Drewnoski Mary E. , van Donk Simon , Kibet Leonard 
Published: January 2016

Core Ideas
Water erosion did not increase after one season of grazing, but it significantly increased after seven seasons of grazing.
Baling increased water erosion and its effects were larger than grazing.
Water erosion increased as residue cover decreased.
A better understanding of the implications of corn (Zea mays L.) residue grazing and baling on soil and environmental quality is needed to develop sustainable integrated crop–livestock production systems. We studied how corn residue grazing and baling impacted water erosion in a rainfed and an irrigated site in Nebraska after one and seven grazing seasons, respectively. Treatments were grazing (4.4 animal unit mo [AUM] ha−1), baling, and control (no residue removal) in triplicate at the rainfed site on a Yutan silty clay loam (6% slope) and light grazing (2.5 AUM ha−1), heavy grazing (5 AUM ha−1), baling, and control in duplicate at the irrigated site on Duroc loam and Satanta loam (5.3% slope). We measured erosion under simulated rainfall for 30 min at an intensity of 6.3 ± 1.2 cm h−1. Erosion did not increase after one season of grazing at the rainfed site, but it significantly increased after seven seasons of grazing at the irrigated site. At this site, both heavy and light grazing increased runoff by 3.3 mm and sediment loss by 0.26 Mg ha−1. Baling had larger effects on water erosion than grazing. Across both sites, baling reduced time to runoff start by 14 min and increased runoff by 13 mm and sediment loss by 2.7 Mg ha−1. While grazing after seven seasons increased nutrient loss, baling caused larger nutrient losses at both sites. Overall, grazing caused runoff losses of sediment, C, and nutrients in the long term, but baling consistently increased such losses in both short and long term.
Hog‐Manure‐Recovered Struvite: Effects on Canola and Wheat Biomass Yield and Phosphorus Use Efficiencies
Authors: Katanda Yeukai , Zvomuya Francis , Flaten Don , Cicek Nazim 
Published: January 2016

Core Ideas
Struvite recovered from liquid hog manure is a slow‐release P source.
Recovered struvite produced yields that matched or exceeded those from MAP fertilizers.
Despite its slow‐release properties, struvite supplied adequate P to the crops.
Recovery of manure P as magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate (MgNH4PO4∙6H2O), commonly known as struvite, can mitigate the risk of P contamination of surface water bodies from hog operations. The slow release of P from struvite may help improve crop P use efficiency. This greenhouse bioassay evaluated the agronomic effectiveness of liquid hog manure recovered struvite. Struvite, monoammonium phosphate (MAP), and polymer‐coated MAP (CMAP) were evaluated for canola (Brassica napus L.) grown in rotation with spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in two low soil test P (Olsen P < 6 mg kg−1) soils: a sandy Gleyed Regosol (Typic Haplaquent) and a clay loamy Orthic Black Chernozem (Udic Boroll). The fertilizers were applied either in the seed row or in a sideband at 1.1 and 2.2 g P m−2 rates. In both soils, struvite produced canola dry matter (DM) yield (DMY, 2.4 g kg−1 soil), P uptake (5.9 mg P kg−1 soil), P recovery efficiency (43%), and agronomic efficiency (0.15 g DM mg−1 P) that were similar to those of MAP and CMAP in the first crop phase. Moreover, at the 2.2 g P m−2 rate, struvite produced significantly greater canola DMY than MAP in the second crop phase and both MAP and CMAP in the third crop phase. Overall, wheat did not produce significant responses to P fertilization. These results indicate that struvite recovered from liquid hog manure can supply sufficient P to sustain yields and P use efficiency matching or exceeding those for MAP.
Evaluation of possible mechanisms of three plants for blood glucose control in diabetes
Authors: Dalu Damayanthi , Dhulipala Satyavati 
Published: January 2016

<p class="Abstract">This study was conducted to provide the evidence for the mechanism of anti-diabetic activity of <em>Cocculus orbiculatus, Leea indica</em> and <em>Ventilago maderaspatana</em>. This was accomplished by employing methods like uptake of glucose, glycogen synthesis and inhibition of α-glucosidase. For uptake of glucose, diaphragms were dissected out in Tyrode solution with 2% glucose and assayed for glucose content. In glycogen synthesis methodology liver, skeletal muscle and cardiac muscles were isolated, homogenized and glycogen content was analyzed. In α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition procedure involved estimation of α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition. All the three plant extracts exhibited significant (p&lt;0.05 - p&lt;0.01) anti-diabetic activity by increasing glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis and inhibiting α-glucosidase enzyme. Among the three plants, <em>V. maderaspatana</em> (500 mg/kg) exhibited higher glucose uptake, glycogen content and α-glucosidase inhibition activity (IC<sub>50</sub> 145 µg/mL). The present experimental results evidenced the anti-diabetic activity of three plants by all the three mechanisms.</p><p> </p>
Les états-limites chez l’enfant et l’adolescent
Authors: Golse Bernard 
Published: January 2016

Le concept d’état-limite est l’héritier des concepts d’hétérochronie du développement (A. Freud) puis de dysharmonie évolutive (R. Misès). On le retrouve aujourd’hui sous le terme de MDD ( Multiple Developmental Disorder ) chez l’enfant et l’adolescent, et les MSDD ( Multi-System Developmental Disorder ) en sont peut-être le signe précurseur chez le très jeune enfant. Quelle continuité entre ces distorsions interactives initiales du bébé et les pathologies-limites de l’adolescent ?
Fonctionnements limites de l’enfance à l’adolescence
Authors: Richard François 
Published: January 2016

Chez un adolescent de seize ans, l’après-coup adolescent rend possible l’analyse d’une dysharmonie d’évolution recouverte par des défenses névrotiques. La cure permet une symbolisation satisfaisante puis interviennent un trouble subjectal et un moment délirant, ce qui amène à faire l’hypothèse d’une pathologie infantile de proximité – à la fois incestueuse et symbiotique avec l’objet maternel – qui n’était jusqu’alors perceptible qu’indirectement dans une sensation de vide et des dérobades face aux relations amoureuses.
Le cas Bernard
Authors: Bonaminio Vincenzo 
Published: January 2016

Cet article présente une prise en charge clinique qui se développe de l’enfance à l’âge de jeune adulte en passant par l’adolescence, selon trois perspectives : diagnostic, psychothérapie psychanalytique et supervision. S’agit-il d’une pathologie traumatique familiale, d’une psychose infantile évoluant en état-limite à l’adolescence, d’un trouble de la subjectivation ? La technique interprétative est étudiée en détail dans son rapport aux modalités de transfert.
Discussion du cas Bernard
Authors: Richard François 
Published: January 2016

Cet article discute la présentation clinique de Vincenzo Bonaminio en trois temps : diagnostic et histoire clinique, multifocalité, et interprétation du trouble de l’identification primaire – afin d’introduire une discussion sur le diagnostic différentiel entre psychose, dysharmonie d’évolution et état-limite. À partir de là, sont proposées des hypothèses sur le maniement de l’interprétation.
Winnicott, entre dedans et dehors. Extraits de correspondance
Authors: Houssier Florian , Vlachopoulou Xanthie 
Published: January 2016

À partir de deux lettres inédites envoyées par D. W. Winnicott à A. Freud en février 1957, nous remettons en question la représentation selon laquelle, malgré des désaccords théoriques, D. W. Winnicott serait resté plus proche des idées proposées par M. Klein et plus à l’écart de celles d’A. Freud. Nous mettons en exergue l’intérêt de D. W. Winnicott pour l’adolescence qui, loin d’être un sujet secondaire pour lui, traverse différentes époques de son parcours et sera davantage partagé avec A. Freud.
Interprétations agonistiques, dialogiques et élitistes : participation et conflit dans trois cas en Italie
Authors: Pomatto Gianfranco 
Published: January 2016

Le débat sur les relations entre processus participatifs et conflits s’organise autour de trois interprétations : une lecture dialogique qui considère que la participation résout ou réduit les conflits en dégageant des bénéfices collectifs ; une lecture antagoniste qui soutient, au contraire, que l’atténuation du conflit que ces processus engendrent est négative, car elle sert les politiques conservatrices ; et une lecture élitiste qui, en revanche, craint qu’ils conduisent à l’intensification des conflits. Reposant sur un bilan des études empiriques et sur une analyse de trois cas en Italie, cet article soutient que chacune de ces trois interprétations est insuffisante, et que pour faire progresser la compréhension de la relation entre processus participatifs et conflits, il est nécessaire d’élargir l’analyse empirique, en adoptant une approche qui soit capable d’appréhender les pratiques à la lumière des principales interprétations disponibles, montrant dans quelle mesure chacune d’elles est en capacité d’expliquer une partie des évidences empiriques.
Le conflit comme mode de participation. Les habitants contestataires de la politique de prévention des risques industriels
Authors: Martinais Emmanuel 
Published: January 2016

Cet article s’intéresse aux contestations riveraines qui, depuis le tournant des années 2010, visent la politique de prévention des risques industriels. Il porte plus précisément sur la mobilisation d’une cinquantaine d’associations d’habitants en colère qui s’opposent à l’élaboration et à la mise en œuvre des plans de prévention des risques technologiques (PPRT) instaurés par la loi du 30 juillet 2003 suite à la catastrophe d’AZF de Toulouse (2001). L’immersion au cœur de ce vaste mouvement contestataire est l’occasion d’une analyse des relations entre conflit et participation qui conduit à considérer le premier comme une modalité spécifique de la seconde.
Une participation conflictuelle : la trajectoire territoriale des mobilisations contre le gaz de schiste au Québec
Authors: Fortin Marie-José , Fournis Yann 
Published: January 2016

Au conflit, souvent considéré comme un blocage aux projets de développement, devrait se substituer une « bonne » participation, selon des formes cadrées assurant un évitement des tensions. À l’encontre de ce postulat, cet article vise à revaloriser les dimensions politique, participative et conflictuelle des dynamiques entourant les grands projets, en prenant le cas du gaz de schiste au Québec. L’analyse des phases de la mobilisation territoriale contre ce mégaprojet énergétique montre l’influence de l’appropriation par les leaders locaux des dispositifs de participation, de la reconfiguration des collectifs ainsi que de la structure d’opportunité politique (le régime de ressources).
Rire du passé nazi en Allemagne
Authors: Oeser Alexandra 
Published: January 2016

Rire du passé nazi, un sacrilège ? Que signifient les comportements d'élèves qui nous choquent, nous mettent mal à l'aise ou nous paraissent incompréhensibles ? L'article se fonde sur une enquête en milieu scolaire auprès d'adolescents de deux écoles de la périphérie des villes de Hambourg et Leipzig. S'appuyant sur un travail d'observation ethnographique, il analyse les réactions déviantes (pitreries, rires) des élèves à propos du passé nazi et du savoir scolaire qui leur est transmis. Le concept d'Eigensinn permet de comprendre comment des actes à la fois individuels et collectifs, parfois dirigés à l'encontre de l'institution scolaire, contribuent à maintenir l'ordre scolaire. Il insiste également sur la nécessité d'inscrire l'Eigensinn dans un cadre collectif (ici dans l'entre soi masculin des groupes de pairs) et de le resituer socialement tant les agents sociaux ne s'avèrent pas égaux face à l'Eigensinn. L'article tente ainsi de comprendre, à travers l'exemple de l'école, le fonctionnement de l'ordre social, comme une (re) invention au quotidien des relations de pouvoir.
Contestation et coproduction du changement social à Cuba
Authors: Geoffray Marie-Laure 
Published: January 2016

Cet article discute la pertinence de l' uvre d'Alf Lüdtke pour appréhender les frontières de la contestation dans le contexte autoritaire cubain depuis la chute du mur de Berlin. Il montre que l'approche de Lüdtke est heuristique sur le terrain cubain car elle permet de penser ensemble contestation et acceptation des règles et des normes dominantes dans un contexte marqué par l'incertitude. Contre la réification de la domination d'un côté et de la résistance de l'autre, elle donne à voir les ambiguïtés et les ambivalences des comportements observés, en ce qu'ils contribuent à la fois au questionnement et au maintien de l'ordre social et politique.
C1P Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Preventing NF-κB Activation in Neutrophils
Authors: Baudiß Kristin , de Paula Vieira Rodolfo , Cicko Sanja , Ayata Korcan , Hossfeld Madelon , Ehrat Nicolas , Gómez-Muñoz Antonio , Eltzschig Holger K. , Idzko Marco 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Recently, ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) has been shown to modulate acute inflammatory events. Acute lung injury (Arnalich et al. 2000. Infect. Immun. 68: 1942–1945) is characterized by rapid alveolar injury, lung inflammation, induced cytokine production, neutrophil accumulation, and vascular leakage leading to lung edema. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of C1P during LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice. To evaluate the effect of C1P, we used a prophylactic and therapeutic LPS-induced ALI model in C57BL/6 male mice. Our studies revealed that intrapulmonary application of C1P before (prophylactic) or 24 h after (therapeutic) LPS instillation decreased neutrophil trafficking to the lung, proinflammatory cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage, and alveolar capillary leakage. Mechanistically, C1P inhibited the LPS-triggered NF-κB levels in lung tissue in vivo. In addition, ex vivo experiments revealed that C1P also attenuates LPS-induced NF-κB phosphorylation and IL-8 production in human neutrophils. These results indicate C1P playing a role in dampening LPS-induced acute lung inflammation and suggest that C1P could be a valuable candidate for treatment of ALI.
Critical Role of Antimicrobial Peptide Cathelicidin for Controlling Helicobacter pylori Survival and Infection
Authors: Zhang Lin , Wu William K. K. , Gallo Richard L. , Fang Evandro F. , Hu Wei , Ling Thomas K. W. , Shen Jing , Chan Ruby L. Y. , Lu Lan , Luo Xiao M. , Li Ming X. , Chan Kam M. , Yu Jun , Wong Vincent W. S. , Ng Siew C. , Wong Sunny H. , Chan Francis K. L. , Sung Joseph J. Y. , Chan Matthew T. V. , Cho Chi H. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin is critical for protection against different kinds of microbial infection. This study sought to elucidate the protective action of cathelicidin against Helicobacter pylori infection and its associated gastritis. Exogenous cathelicidin was found to inhibit H. pylori growth, destroy the bacteria biofilm, and induce morphological alterations in H. pylori membrane. Additionally, knockdown of endogenous cathelicidin in human gastric epithelial HFE-145 cells markedly increased the intracellular survival of H. pylori. Consistently, cathelicidin knockout mice exhibited stronger H. pylori colonization, higher expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and ICAM1, and lower expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in the gastric mucosa upon H. pylori infection. In wild-type mice, H. pylori infection also stimulated gastric epithelium-derived cathelicidin production. Importantly, pretreatment with bioengineered Lactococcus lactis that actively secretes cathelicidin significantly increased mucosal cathelicidin levels and reduced H. pylori infection and the associated inflammation. Moreover, cathelicidin strengthened the barrier function of gastric mucosa by stimulating mucus synthesis. Collectively, these findings indicate that cathelicidin plays a significant role as a potential natural antibiotic for H. pylori clearance and a therapeutic agent for chronic gastritis.
Proresolving Actions of Synthetic and Natural Protease Inhibitors Are Mediated by Annexin A1
Authors: Vago Juliana P. , Tavares Luciana P. , Sugimoto Michelle A. , Lima Graziele Letícia N. , Galvão Izabela , de Caux Thais R. , Lima Kátia M. , Ribeiro Ana Luíza C. , Carneiro Fernanda S. , Nunes Fernanda Freire C. , Pinho Vanessa , Perretti Mauro , Teixeira Mauro M. , Sousa Lirlândia P. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAnnexin A1 (AnxA1) is a glucocorticoid-regulated protein endowed with anti-inflammatory and proresolving properties. Intact AnxA1 is a 37-kDa protein that may be cleaved in vivo at the N-terminal region by neutrophil proteases including elastase and proteinase-3, generating the 33-kDa isoform that is largely inactive. In this study, we investigated the dynamics of AnxA1 expression and the effects of synthetic (sivelestat [SIV]; Eglin) and natural (secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor [SLPI]; Elafin) protease inhibitors on the resolution of LPS-induced inflammation. During the settings of LPS inflammation AnxA1 cleavage associated closely with the peak of neutrophil and elastase expression and activity. SLPI expression increased during resolving phase of the pleurisy. Therapeutic treatment of LPS-challenge mice with recombinant human SLPI or Elafin accelerated resolution, an effect associated with increased numbers of apoptotic neutrophils in the pleural exudates, inhibition of elastase, and modulation of the survival-controlling proteins NF-κB and Mcl-1. Similar effects were observed with SIV, which dose-dependently inhibited neutrophil elastase and shortened resolution intervals. Mechanistically, SIV-induced resolution was caspase-dependent, associated to increased levels of intact AnxA1 and decreased expression of NF-κB and Mcl-1. The proresolving effect of antiproteases was also observed in a model of monosodium urate crystals–induced inflammation. SIV skewed macrophages toward resolving phenotypes and enhanced efferocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils. A neutralizing antiserum against AnxA1 and a nonselective antagonist of AnxA1 receptor abolished the accelerated resolution promoted by SIV. Collectively, these results show that elastase inhibition not only inhibits inflammation but actually promotes resolution, and this response is mediated by protection of endogenous intact AnxA1 with ensuing augmentation of neutrophil apoptosis.