bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vesicle distribution in acidic lava flow units in the rift basins of NE China: implications for petroleum reservoir exploration
Authors: Yi Jian , Sun Fengyue , Wang Pujun , Shan Xuanlong 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAcidic lava flows comprise a large proportion of the total volcanic succession in the rift basins of northeast China. The objective of this study was to explore the vesicle distribution in the acidic lava flows in those basins. Two representative areas with acidic lava flow outcrops in NE China were selected for study. These lava flows share similar magma sources and chemistries. The types and inner structures of the acidic lava flows were determined in detail by measuring the shape of the flows (thickness and lateral extent) and the vertical sequences in the outcrops and shallow coring well Y1D1 in the two outcrop areas. Furthermore, the interpretation of deep borehole data and 3D seismic data from the Changling Graben of the Songliao Basin provided additional thickness and geometry data as a robust complement to the outcrop data. This study revealed that the shapes of the acidic lava flows transition from dome to tabular to braided with decreasing size. Furthermore, the vertical sequences can be classified into three zones: the upper vesicle zone, the massive core zone and the basal zone. The borehole thickness data indicate a trend in the maximum proportions occupied by the upper vesicle zone: thick flows have a relatively low proportion occupied by upper vesicle zones, whereas thin flows display a wide range in the proportion represented by upper vesicle zones. Therefore, braided acidic lava flows are more likely to have a high proportion of upper vesicle zones. Upper vesicle zones usually have high porosity and permeability and represent the primary effective gas reservoir system. The greatest lateral extents of gas reservoirs are usually in the tabular acidic lava flows, but the largest proportions occupied by gas reservoirs are usually in stacked braided lava flows. This study can help us to better understand the distribution of volcanic petroleum reservoirs in acidic lava successions where hydrocarbons are encountered but borehole data are limited. Furthermore, this study is useful for interpreting acidic lava flows in logs and seismic data from basins. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calculating Ramsey Numbers by Partitioning Colored Graphs
Authors: Pokrovskiy Alexey 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this article we prove a new result about partitioning colored complete graphs and use it to determine certain Ramsey numbers exactly. The partitioning theorem we prove is that for , in every edge coloring of with the colors red and blue, it is possible to cover all the vertices with k disjoint red paths and a disjoint blue balanced complete ‐partite graph. When the coloring of is connected in red, we prove a stronger result—that it is possible to cover all the vertices with k red paths and a blue balanced complete ‐partite graph. Using these results we determine the Ramsey number of an n‐vertex path, , versus a balanced complete t‐partite graph on vertices, , whenever . We show that in this case , generalizing a result of Erdős who proved the case of this result. We also determine the Ramsey number of a path versus the power of a path . We show that , solving a conjecture of Allen, Brightwell, and Skokan.
Carbon‐14 radiolabelling and tissue distribution evaluation of a potential anti‐TB compound
Authors: Sonopo Molahlehi S. , Venter Kobus , Winks Susan , Marjanovic‐Painter Biljana , Morgans Garreth L. , Zeevaart Jan R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper describes a five‐step synthesis of a carbon‐14‐labelled pyrazole compound (11). A total of 2.96 MBq of 11 was obtained with the specific activity of 2242.4 MBq/mmol. The radiochemical purity was >99%, and the overall radiochemical yield was 60% based on the [14C6] 4‐bromoaniline starting material. Biodistribution results showed that the radiotracer (administrated orally) has a high accumulation in the small intestine, large intestine and liver of both non‐infected and tuberculosis (TB)‐infected mice. Therefore, this suggests that compound 11 undergoes hepatobiliary clearance. The compound under investigation has been found to be slowly released from the liver between 2 and 8 h. The study revealed that 11 has no affinity for TB cells.
Prognostic significance of TIE2‐expressing monocytes in hilar cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Atanasov Georgi , Hau Hans‐Michael , Dietel Corinna , Benzing Christian , Krenzien Felix , Brandl Andreas , Englisch Julianna P. , Wiltberger Georg , Schierle Katrin , Robson Simon C. , Reutzel‐Selke Anja , Jonas Sven , Pascher Andreas , Pratschke Johann , Schmelzle Moritz 
Published: April 2016

Background and ObjectivesAngiopoietins (Angs) play a pivotal role in angiogenesis and inflammation, and are associated with prognosis in malignancies. Monocyte express Ang‐receptor TIE2 and correlate with prognosis in cancer. We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of Angs and TIE2‐expressing monocytes (TEMs) in cholangiocarcinoma.MethodsWe analyzed surgically resected tumor specimens of hilar cholangiocarcinoma (n = 47) for distribution of Angs (Ang 1/Ang 2) and TEMs, as defined by co‐expression of CD14 and Ang receptor TIE2. Ang expression and abundance of TEMs were correlated with clinicopathologic characteristics, tumor recurrence and patients' survival.ResultsHigh Ang 1 expression correlated with reduced metastasis (P < 0.05). Patients characterized by invading Ang‐receptor bearing TEMs in tumor showed lower tumor recurrence (P < 0.05). Furthermore, TEMs in tumor and tumor invasive front correlated with increased survival (P < 0.05). TEMs in tumor invasive front were confirmed as independent prognosticator in multivariate survival analysis (P < 0.05).ConclusionsHigh Ang 1 expression in hilar cholangiocarcinoma and infiltration of TEMs defines a subgroup of patients with beneficial tumor characteristics and prolonged survival. Besides suggested functional links between Ang expression and recruitment of TEMs, our data have possible clinical implications as novel diagnostic tools. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:91–98. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Outcomes of one‐side versus two‐sides recipient vessels for bilateral breast reconstructions with bilateral DIEP flaps
Authors: Qiu Shan Shan , Huang Jung‐Ju , Wu Chih‐Wei , Kolios Georgios , Cheng Ming‐Huei 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundThis study was to compare the use of one‐side versus two‐sides recipient vessels in either bilateral breast reconstructions or unilateral breast reconstruction with contralateral augmentation using bilateral DIEP flaps.Patients and MethodsA retrospective review including all cases of bilateral breast reconstructions and unilateral reconstruction with contralateral augmentation with DIEP flaps was performed. Patient's demographics, surgical variables, and outcome were collected. Two distinct cohorts based on the recipient vessel techniques, one‐side versus two‐sides, were compared.ResultsA total of 25 patients with 50 split‐DIEP flaps were included, with one‐side recipient vessels used in 19 patients and two‐sides recipient vessels in 6 patients. Ischemia time was significantly reduced in one‐side recipient group compared to two‐sides recipient vessels group (62.4 ± 21.3 vs. 105.9 ± 32.5, P < 0.001). There was no statistic difference in venous congestion, partial flap loss, or fat necrosis in both groups.ConclusionsUsing one‐side recipient vessels for bilateral breast reconstructions with unilateral breast reconstruction with contralateral augmentation using differentially split DIEP flaps presents a high success rate, acceptable ischemia time, and minimal complications for small to medium volume breast reconstructions. Utilizing this method can reduce the ischemia time and spare one side internal mammary vessels. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:5–10. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Out of the blue: semiconductor laser pumped visible rare‐earth doped lasers
Authors: Kränkel Christian , Marzahl Daniel‐Timo , Moglia Francesca , Huber Günter , Metz Philip Werner 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe rise of semiconductor‐based pump sources such as InxGa1‐xN‐laser diodes or frequency‐doubled optically pumped semiconductor lasers with emission wavelengths in the blue encourages a revisitation of the rare‐earth ions Pr3+, Sm3+, Tb3+, Dy3+, Ho3+ and Er3+ with respect to their properties as active ions in crystalline solid‐state laser materials with direct emission in the visible spectral range. Nowadays, some of these blue‐pumped visible lasers compete with Nd3+‐lasers in terms of efficiency and direct lasing at various colors from the cyan‐blue to the deep red can be addressed in very simple and compact laser setups. This paper highlights the spectroscopic properties of suitable rare‐earth ions for visible lasing and reviews the latest progress in the field of blue‐pumped visible rare‐earth doped solid‐state lasers.
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Single mode lasing in transversely multi‐moded PT‐symmetric microring resonators
Authors: Hodaei Hossein , Miri Mohammad‐Ali , Hassan Absar U. , Hayenga William E. , Heinrich Matthias , Christodoulides Demetrios N. , Khajavikhan Mercedeh 
Published: April 2016

Conventional techniques for transverse mode discrimination rely on introducing differential external losses to the different competing mode sets, enforcing single‐mode operation at the expense of additional losses to the desirable mode. We show how a parity‐time (PT) symmetric design approach can be employed to achieve single mode lasing in transversely multi‐moded microring resonators. In this type of system, mode selectivity is attained by judiciously utilizing the exceptional point dynamics arising from a complex interplay of gain and loss. The proposed scheme is versatile, robust to deviations from PT symmetry such as caused by fabrication inaccuracies or pump inhomogeneities, and enables a stable operation considerably above threshold while maintaining spatial and spectral purity. The experimental results presented here were obtained in InP‐based semiconductor microring arrangements and pave the way towards an entirely new class of chip‐scale semiconductor lasers that harness gain/loss contrast as a primary mechanism of mode selectivity.
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Economic MPC with a contractive constraint for nonlinear systems
Authors: He Defeng , Sun Jing , Yu Li 
Published: April 2016

SummaryIn this paper, we consider the stability issue of economic model predictive control (EMPC) for constrained nonlinear systems and propose a new contractive constraint formulation of nonlinear EMPC schemes. This formulation is one of Lyapunov‐based approaches in which the contractive function chosen a priori can be used as a Lyapunov function. Some conditions are given to guarantee recursive feasibility and asymptotic stability of the EMPC. Moreover, we analyze the transient economic performance of the EMPC closed‐loop system in some finite‐time intervals. The proposed EMPC scheme is applied to a chemical reactor model to illustrate its utility and benefits. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Natural Objects
Authors: BROWN JOSHUA D. K. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT:This paper introduces a framework for thinking about ontological questions—in particular, the Special Composition Question—and shows how the framework might help support something like an account of restricted composition. The framework takes the form of an account of natural objects, in analogy with David Lewis's account of natural properties. Objects, like properties, come in various metaphysical grades, from the fundamental, fully objective, perfectly natural objects to the nomologically otiose, maximally gerrymandered, perfectly non-natural objects. The perfectly natural objects, I argue, are the mereological simples, and (roughly) a collection composes an object of degree-n naturalness if and only if its members are arranged F-wise, for some property F that appears in the degree-n natural laws. Arbitrary composites turn out to be perfectly non-natural objects and are metaphysical bystanders. Ordinary composite objects fall in between. Some—e.g., atoms—are very (though not perfectly) natural; others—e.g., tables—are highly non-natural.
Nosocomial Outbreak of a Novel Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Salmonella enterica Serotype Isangi Among Surgical Patients
Authors: Suleyman Geehan , Tibbetts Robert , Perri Mary Beth , Vager Dora , Xin Yuan , Reyes Katherine , Samuel Linoj , Chami Eman , Starr Patricia , Pietsch Jennifer , Zervos Marcus J. , Alangaden George 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVENosocomial outbreaks caused by Salmonella are rare. We describe the investigation and control of a cluster of novel extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) Salmonella enterica serotype Isangi in a hospital in southeastern Michigan.METHODSAn epidemiologic investigation, including case-control study, assessment of infection control practices and environmental cultures, was performed to identify modes of transmission. Healthcare workers (HCWs) exposed to case patients were screened. Strain relatedness was determined using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE); ESBL confirmation was conducted using real-time PCR. Control measures were implemented to prevent further transmission.RESULTSBetween September 2 and October 22, 2015, 19 surgical patients, including 10 organ transplant recipients and 1 HCW, had positive S. Isangi cultures. Of these case patients and HCW, 13 had gastroenteritis, 2 had bacteremia, 1 had surgical-site infection, and 4 were asymptomatic. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) showed 89.5% similarity among the isolates in these cases. Isolates with resistant-phenotypes possessed plasmid-mediated CTX-M15 ESBL. A total of 19 case patients were compared with 57 control participants. Case patients had significantly higher odds of exposure to an intraoperative transesophageal (TEE) probe (adjusted odds ratio 9.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.12–72.60; P=.02). Possible cross-transmission occurred in the HCW and 2 patients. Cultures of TEE probes and the environment were negative. The outbreak ended after removal of TEE probes, modification of reprocessing procedures, implementation of strict infection control practices, and enhanced environmental cleaning.CONCLUSIONSWe report the first nosocomial ESBL S. Isangi outbreak in the United States. Multiple control measures were necessary to interrupt transmission of this gastrointestinal pathogen. Exposure to possibly contaminated TEE probes was associated with transmission. Periodic monitoring of reprocessing procedures of TEE probes may be required to ensure optimal disinfection.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:954–961
Research Methods in Healthcare Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Stewardship: Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Anderson Deverick J. , Juthani-Mehta Manisha , Morgan Daniel J. 
Published: April 2016

Randomized controlled trials (RCT) produce the strongest level of clinical evidence when comparing interventions. RCTs are technically difficult, costly, and require specific considerations including the use of patient- and cluster-level randomization and outcome selection. In this methods paper, we focus on key considerations for RCT methods in healthcare epidemiology and antimicrobial stewardship (HE&AS) research, including the need for cluster randomization, conduct at multiple sites, behavior modification interventions, and difficulty with identifying appropriate outcomes. We review key RCTs in HE&AS with a focus on advantages and disadvantages of methods used. A checklist is provided to aid in the development of RCTs in HE&AS.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:629–634
Theory of the formation of a collisionless Weibel shock: pair vs. electron/proton plasmas
Authors: Bret A. , Stockem Novo A. , Narayan R. , Ruyer C. , Dieckmann M. E. , Silva L. O. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCollisionless shocks are shocks in which the mean-free path is much larger than the shock front. They are ubiquitous in astrophysics and the object of much current attention as they are known to be excellent particle accelerators that could be the key to the cosmic rays enigma. While the scenario leading to the formation of a fluid shock is well known, less is known about the formation of a collisionless shock. We present theoretical and numerical results on the formation of such shocks when two relativistic and symmetric plasma shells (pair or electron/proton) collide. As the two shells start to interpenetrate, the overlapping region turns Weibel unstable. A key concept is the one of trapping time τp, which is the time when the turbulence in the central region has grown enough to trap the incoming flow. For the pair case, this time is simply the saturation time of the Weibel instability. For the electron/proton case, the filaments resulting from the growth of the electronic and protonic Weibel instabilities, need to grow further for the trapping time to be reached. In either case, the shock formation time is 2τp in two-dimensional (2D), and 3τp in 3D. Our results are successfully checked by particle-in-cell simulations and may help designing experiments aiming at producing such shocks in the laboratory.
Enhanced nonlinear interactions in quantum optomechanics via mechanical amplification
Authors: Lemonde Marc-Antoine , Didier Nicolas , Clerk Aashish A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe quantum nonlinear regime of optomechanics is reached when nonlinear effects of the radiation pressure interaction are observed at the single-photon level. This requires couplings larger than the mechanical frequency and cavity-damping rate, and is difficult to achieve experimentally. Here we show how to exponentially enhance the single-photon optomechanical coupling strength using only additional linear resources. Our method is based on using a large-amplitude, strongly detuned mechanical parametric drive to amplify mechanical zero-point fluctuations and hence enhance the radiation pressure interaction. It has the further benefit of allowing time-dependent control, enabling pulsed schemes. For a two-cavity optomechanical set-up, we show that our scheme generates photon blockade for experimentally accessible parameters, and even makes the production of photonic states with negative Wigner functions possible. We discuss how our method is an example of a more general strategy for enhancing boson-mediated two-particle interactions and nonlinearities.
Contrasting effects of defaunation on aboveground carbon storage across the global tropics
Authors: Osuri Anand M. , Ratnam Jayashree , Varma Varun , Alvarez-Loayza Patricia , Hurtado Astaiza Johanna , Bradford Matt , Fletcher Christine , Ndoundou-Hockemba Mireille , Jansen Patrick A. , Kenfack David , Marshall Andrew R. , Ramesh B. R. , Rovero Francesco , Sankaran Mahesh 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDefaunation is causing declines of large-seeded animal-dispersed trees in tropical forests worldwide, but whether and how these declines will affect carbon storage across this biome is unclear. Here we show, using a pan-tropical data set, that simulated declines of large-seeded animal-dispersed trees have contrasting effects on aboveground carbon stocks across Earth’s tropical forests. In our simulations, African, American and South Asian forests, which have high proportions of animal-dispersed species, consistently show carbon losses (2–12%), but Southeast Asian and Australian forests, where there are more abiotically dispersed species, show little to no carbon losses or marginal gains (±1%). These patterns result primarily from changes in wood volume, and are underlain by consistent relationships in our empirical data (∼2,100 species), wherein, large-seeded animal-dispersed species are larger as adults than small-seeded animal-dispersed species, but are smaller than abiotically dispersed species. Thus, floristic differences and distinct dispersal mode–seed size–adult size combinations can drive contrasting regional responses to defaunation.
Mechanical cell competition kills cells via induction of lethal p53 levels
Authors: Wagstaff Laura , Goschorska Maja , Kozyrska Kasia , Duclos Guillaume , Kucinski Iwo , Chessel Anatole , Hampton-O’Neil Lea , Bradshaw Charles R. , Allen George E. , Rawlins Emma L. , Silberzan Pascal , Carazo Salas Rafael E. , Piddini Eugenia 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCell competition is a quality control mechanism that eliminates unfit cells. How cells compete is poorly understood, but it is generally accepted that molecular exchange between cells signals elimination of unfit cells. Here we report an orthogonal mechanism of cell competition, whereby cells compete through mechanical insults. We show that MDCK cells silenced for the polarity gene scribble (scribKD) are hypersensitive to compaction, that interaction with wild-type cells causes their compaction and that crowding is sufficient for scribKD cell elimination. Importantly, we show that elevation of the tumour suppressor p53 is necessary and sufficient for crowding hypersensitivity. Compaction, via activation of Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) and the stress kinase p38, leads to further p53 elevation, causing cell death. Thus, in addition to molecules, cells use mechanical means to compete. Given the involvement of p53, compaction hypersensitivity may be widespread among damaged cells and offers an additional route to eliminate unfit cells.
Foldamer-mediated manipulation of a pre-amyloid toxin
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Birol Melissa , Schlamadinger Diana E. , Wojcik Slawomir P. , Rhoades Elizabeth , Miranker Andrew D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDisordered proteins, such as those central to Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, are particularly intractable for structure-targeted therapeutic design. Here we demonstrate the capacity of a synthetic foldamer to capture structure in a disease relevant peptide. Oligoquinoline amides have a defined fold with a solvent-excluded core that is independent of its outwardly projected, derivatizable moieties. Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) is a peptide central to β-cell pathology in type II diabetes. A tetraquinoline is presented that stabilizes a pre-amyloid, α-helical conformation of IAPP. This charged, dianionic compound is readily soluble in aqueous buffer, yet crosses biological membranes without cellular assistance: an unexpected capability that is a consequence of its ability to reversibly fold. The tetraquinoline docks specifically with intracellular IAPP and rescues β-cells from toxicity. Taken together, our work here supports the thesis that stabilizing non-toxic conformers of a plastic protein is a viable strategy for cytotoxic rescue addressable using oligoquinoline amides.