bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of extraocular muscle transpositions in various types of strabismus
Authors: Shwetha Hebbale Ramakrishna , Ramesh Tyamagondlu Krishnamoorthy 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Transposition surgery of extraocular muscles helps in paralytic strabismus by altering the direction of force in relation to the center of rotation of the eye. Hence, the study was done to report the outcome of muscle transpositions.

Materials and Methods:
This was a prospective interventional study of 20 patients conducted at our tertiary ophthalmic institute over a period of 2 years and included ten patients with “V” pattern and four patients with “A” pattern strabismus, two patients with monocular elevation deficiency (MED), two patients with third nerve palsy, and one patient each with Duane’s retraction syndrome (DRS) and Crouzon’s syndrome. Fourteen patients underwent correction of horizontal strabismus with vertical transposition of horizontal recti, four patients underwent upward transposition of lateral rectus (LR) muscle, one patient underwent modified Knapp’s procedure, and one patient had “Y” split of LR muscle with transposition.

Results:
Ten patients with “V” pattern strabismus and four patients with “A” pattern strabismus had satisfactory collapse of pattern postoperatively with <10 prism diopters (PD) and 15 PD of mean residual horizontal strabismus, respectively. Both patients with MED had good improvement in primary position alignment. Upshoot in DRS patient was corrected. Two out of six patients who had preoperative limitation of duction had improvement postoperatively.

Conclusion:
Extraocular muscle transposition resulted in alignment of eyes, collapse of alphabet pattern, and improvement in ocular motility in these patients. Proper patient selection and planning of the suitable type of transposition surgery helps in achieving the desired outcome.
Impact of dispensing optical, nonoptical, and electronic devices on the visual function of students attending the schools for the blind
Authors: Deepika C. , Phadke Supriya , Telap Sharad , Shitole Apoorva , Kaur Hardeep , Shinde Amit , Gogate Parikshit 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Many students attending schools for the blind have some vision that can be made use of to improve their vision function.

Aims:
Our study aimed to assess the impact of optical, nonoptical, and electronic devices on vision function of visually impaired students.

Setting and Design:
This prospective interventional study was conucted in schools for the blind in western Maharashtra, India.

Methods:
Students attending schools for the blind were evaluated with history-taking, visual acuity tests, ocular examinations, fundoscopy, and low vision workup in 2022–2023. The LV Prasad Functional Vision Questionnaire assessed impact on vision function, before and after 3-month adaptation period.

Results:
Five hundred and thirty-five students aged 5–25 years with visual acuity <6/60 in the better eye from eight schools were evaluated. Among them, 172 (31.77%) received low vision aids, with 144 (84.70%) using nonoptical devices such as NoIR filters, Caps, Typo scopes, and White canes. Optical devices such as telescopes and magnifiers in 35 and electronic devices like portable video magnifier in 11 students. Forty-six received all three types. There was a significant enhancement (P < 0.001) in tasks related to distance, near vision, mobility, and outdoor lighting conditions for students using nonoptical devices alone or combined with optical aids and video magnifiers. Among the 119 (70%) students using nonoptical devices, 80 (67.22%) exclusively used them, while 42 (32.77%) combined them with other aids, showing even more substantial improvement.

Conclusion:
Optical, nonoptical and electronic, when used together improved vision function of visually impaired students.
A comparative study of central corneal thickness using an ultrasonic pachymeter and a noncontact specular microscope in adult patients coming to the ophthalmology outpatient department in a tertiary care hospital in Western India
Authors: Nankani Krutika H. , Tandel Twisha M. , Sapre Ashwini A. , Patel Hemali A. 
Published: September 2024

Objective:To evaluate and compare the accuracy of measuring central corneal thickness (CCT) using an ultrasonic pachymeter and a noncontact specular microscope and whether they can be used interchangeably in adult patients with healthy cornea.Methodology:A comparative and observational study was carried out in adult patients coming to the ophthalmology outpatient department (OPD) in a tertiary care hospital in Western India. In all patients, CCT is measured using an ultrasonic pachymeter and a noncontact specular microscope to perform a comparative study. Statistical analysis was done using pairedt-test. Two-tailed hypothesis was applied.Results:This study included a sample size of 300 eyes of 150 adult patients. We want to test whether CCT values by Ultrasound Pachymeter and Noncontact specular Microscope is significantly different for right eyes and left eyes of the same patients, therefor we applied pairedt-test for statistical analysis.Tvalue for the right eye CCT measurement was −0.4 and the value ofPwas 0.69.Tvalue for the left eye CCT measurement was −0.79 and the value ofPwas 0.43.P> 0.05 suggested that the results were nonsignificant.Conclusion:Our study suggests that the noncontact specular microscope produces CCT values that do not vary significantly from ultrasonic pachymeter. In subjects with healthy cornea, ultrasound pachymeter and specular microscope can be used interchangeably.
Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Thoracoscopic Surgery and Conventional Open Surgery for Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia in Neonates: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Srivastav Saurabh , Singh Shrikesh , Khan Tanvir Roshan 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Thoracoscopic surgery is an increasingly popular surgical technique for the repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernias. We performed a meta-analysis to compare the efficacy, safety of thoracoscopic surgery and the conventional open surgical approach for congenital diaphragmatic hernia in neonates.

Materials and Methods:
A systematic search of electronic databases such as PubMed, Google, and Web of Science was performed to identify studies comparing thoracoscopic surgery and open surgery for congenital diaphragmatic hernia. A total of 6 studies with 3348 patients were found. Parameters such as operation time, hospital stay, recurrence rate, postoperative mortality, and postoperative complications were pooled and compared by meta-analysis.

Results:
Of the 3348 children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia included in the 6 studies, 615 underwent thoracoscopic surgery and 2733 underwent open surgery. All studies were nonrandomized controlled trials. The operation times were shorter for thoracoscopic surgery than for open surgery in three studies, but there was no significant difference (standard mean difference = 1.25, confidence interval [CI] = [−0.48–2.98], P = 0.16). In the thoracoscopic surgery group, the rate of postoperative deaths was significantly lower (95% CI = 1.24–2.75), but the occurrence of recurrences was more frequent (95% CI = 0.08–0.23). The hospital stay varied significantly across studies. There was a statistically significant difference (standard mean difference = −1.47, CI = [−2.24–−0.70], P < 0.001) in the overall effect between the groups. The complication rate was significantly lower with thoracoscopic surgery compared to open surgery (odds ratio = 0.26, CI = [0.10–0.66], P = 0.004) for the overall effect between the groups. The thoracoscopic procedure, however, was planned for milder and stable cases.

Conclusion:
Thoracoscopic repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in neonates is associated with a shorter length of hospital stay, fewer complications, and less postoperative mortality than traditional open repair. However, the rate of recurrence was found to be higher in those who underwent thoracoscopic surgery.
Management of Thoracic Empyema in Children: A Survey of Indian Pediatricians, Pediatric Surgeons, Pulmonologists, and Intensivists
Authors: Medhi Priyanka , Loganathan Arun Kumar , Jehangir Susan 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Empyema thoracis poses a clinical conundrum due to its diverse clinical presentations and management options.

Aims and Objectives:
The study aimed to investigate the variability in clinical practice across centres and disciplines in the management of empyema in children.

Materials and Methods:
An online questionnaire focusing on paediatric empyema management was circulated among clinicians in India. Data on demographics, clinical experience, treatment modalities, and intervention indications were collected, and responses were analysed.

Results:
The survey amongst 252 participants uncovered notable discrepancies in the viewpoints of pediatricians and pediatric surgeons on the use of fibrinolytic and the indication for video assisted thoracoscopic surgery in pediatric thoracic empyema. While surgeons tended to favour surgical interventions, paediatricians leaned towards conservative management and fibrinolytic therapy.

Conclusion:
This study highlights substantial differences in clinical practice and underscores the need for standardized guidelines and interdisciplinary collaboration to optimize patient care and outcomes.
Oral health status and oral health-related quality of life among children with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the age group of 11–14 years in Delhi-NCR Region
Authors: Kulkarni Shruti , Khatri Amit , Tyagi Rishi , Kalra Namita , Raizada Nishant , Khandelwal Deepak 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of oral health status (OHS) and sociodemographic indicators on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) aged 11–14 years and compare it with age-matched nondiabetic children.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study included 80 children aged between 11 and 14 years with T1DM and 80 age-matched nondiabetic children. The OHRQoL was measured using a validated structured Hindi version of the child perception questionnaire (CPQ11-14) questionnaire. The clinical OHS was assessed using the decayed, missing, or filled teeth index, plaque index (PI), and gingival index (GI). Associations between OHRQoL and independent predictors were analyzed with the log-linear Poisson model regression method.

Results:
CPQ11-14 scores were significantly lower in nondiabetic children than diabetic children, indicating better OHRQoL among nondiabetic children than diabetic children (P ≤ 0.05). The GI score exhibited a significantly lower value in nondiabetic children than in diabetic children (P = 0.014). In contrast, the mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth score showed a significantly higher value in nondiabetic children than in diabetic children (P ≤ 0.001). There was no difference in the mean PI of diabetic and nondiabetic children (P = 0.096).

Conclusion:
The result of the present study highlighted the detrimental effect of T1DM on OHRQoL in children.
Association between periapical odontogenic lesions and maxillary sinus mucosal thickening: A retrospective computed tomography analysis
Authors: Althobiti Ghadah A. , Alzaidi Tahani A. , Almingash Jumana M , Alobaida Rahaf M. , ALYahya Reema Ebrahim , Binthunayyan Sarah N 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
The maxillary sinuses are located in the middle of the nasal cavity and are thought to have the greatest air gaps. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging was used to characterize the radiographic connection between the apices of posterior maxillary teeth and the floor of the maxillary sinus. This study aims to evaluate the degree of apical periodontitis and the sinus mucosal thickness and find the associations between the patient’s age and gender and the degree of apical periodontitis with sinus mucosal thickness.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective analysis of 364 individuals with maxillary sinuses which appears clearly within limited-field CBCT images was performed. It was also categorized and noted how the maxillary sinus floor related to the root tips and periapical lesions. In addition, the patient’s age gender, side, and level of apical periodontitis in relation to maxillary sinus mucosal (MSM) thickness were evaluated.

Results:
The MSM class and periapical index (PAI) were statistically significantly correlated (P 0.001). In comparison to respondents with PAI score I, respondents with PAI score V had 47.89 times the odds of having a higher MSM class (odds ratio [OR] =47.89, P = 0.05). Age and MSM thickening were not substantially correlated (P = 0.298), whereas gender and MSM thickening were strongly correlated (OR = 1.56, P = 0.05).

Conclusions:
The result of this study showed a clear association between the periapical lesions and MSM thickening.
Cyclic fatigue resistance of ProTaper gold and two replicalike rotary systems. An in vitro study
Authors: Alnoury Arwa 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
As a new phenomenon in endodontics, it was observed that nickel–titanium (NiTi) rotary systems closely replicate the systems created by the original companies are manufactured and available in the market for clinicians. These replica systems are usually sold at lower prices than the original rotary systems, which attracted end-user clinicians. Although clinicians widely use these replica systems, their mechanical performance has not been evaluated in any scientific literature. The aim of the current study was to analyze the cyclic fatigue resistance of two lower prices replica NiTi rotary file systems involving 0.25/0.08 v of MG3 Gold Perfect® and V TAPER Gold Fanta versus ProTaper Gold®.

Materials and Methods:
The NiTi rotary instruments (n = 15 of each) were allowed to rotate continuously, in dynamic mode, in a simulated stainless steel canal having a 6 mm radius and 60° curve till fracture. Time to fracture (TTF) in seconds was recorded, and the number of cycles to failure (NCF) was calculated. TTF and NCF were compared between the three groups.

Results:
The V TAPER Gold Fanta instrument showed significantly longer TTF than the ProTaper Gold instrument (mean = 1130.30 ± 244.42 vs. 354.30 ± 52.01 s), accounting for a three-fold difference in NCF (mean = 6593.42 ± 1425.79 vs. 2066.75 ± 303.40 cycles, P < 0.001). However, an insignificant difference in TTF was observed between the MG3 Gold Perfect® and ProTaper Gold instruments (P = 1.00).

Conclusions:
The V TAPER Gold Fanta instrument is a safe and cost-effective alternative to the ProTaper Gold instrument.
Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding artificial intelligence in histopathology
Authors: Indu M. , Shankar Vidya Gurram , Cherian Latha Mary , Krishna Revathi , Paul Sabu , Sathyan Pradeesh 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
The era of artificial intelligence (AI) has dawned, and its influence on different aspects of our lives is now tremendously evident. The introduction of whole slide imaging in digital pathology has changed the face of histopathology (HP) and is in the process of paving a smooth platform towards the far-reaching telepathology.

Aim:
The present study was aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of Oral Pathologists (OPs) in India regarding the incorporation of AI in diagnostic HP.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted among OPs across India. A structured online questionnaire comprising 27 questions was sent to each participant through email and social media platforms and responses were collected and analyzed. The relationship between demographic variables and good KAP was analyzed using Chi-square and Fisher's exact test.

Results and Discussion:
One hundred and seventy-one OPs participated in the study, with 8.8% having good knowledge, 70.2% having a positive attitude, and only 4.1% using AI in diagnostic HP. Knowledge regarding AI in pathology increased in a statistically significant way (P = 0.001) with respect to years of experience. 43.9% of OPs expect AI to be integrated into HP in India over the next ten years.

Conclusion:
OPs in India have a positive attitude towards the incorporation of AI in their pathology practice. Vital measures to enable the integration of AI into diagnostic HP and to improve its awareness are an absolute requisite in our scenario.
Incidence of a relationship between mandibular third molar impaction and different skeletal facial types
Authors: Gabhane Chetna , Gupta Akshat , Singh Vijayata 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
It is seen that the failure of mandibular third molars to erupt is most affected by lack of space in the alveolar arch between the distal of the second molar and the ascending ramus. Variation in growth pattern in different facial forms affects the space available for tooth eruption; therefore, the mandibular third molar impaction has correlation with different skeletal facial types.

Aim:
The study aimed to investigate the relationship between mandibular third molar impaction and different skeletal facial types.

Materials and Methods:
The study sample consisted of lateral cephalometric and orthopantomogram of 350 individuals, aged 17–35 years who had visited the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Facial Surgery, Daswani Dental College, Kota. The angulation of impaction was determined by the winter's classification and the facial type categorized by the facial axis angle.

Results and Discussion:
The overall rate of mandibular third molar impaction was 66.85%. Our study showed that mandibular third molar impaction is 3.3 times more common with the dolichofacial (38.7%) whereas brachyfacial (12.7%).

Conclusion:
After comparing the data with multiple studies, we found that the greater horizontal facial growth pattern of brachyfacial subjects over dolichofacial subjects provides increased space for full eruption of the mandibular third molar. Furthermore, bilateral mesioangular third molar impaction was more common with female predilection.
Role of stress in periodontal disease in a population of Al-Qassim region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Bhattacharjee Sumona , Shamsher Madiha , Harun Hind , Harun Hadeel 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Periodontitis is a plaque-induced inflammatory disease affecting the alveolar bone in the jaw and supporting soft tissues, it is a multifactorial disease, initiated by bacteria but modulated by several other factors, including stress. Stress is an equated response to constant adverse stimuli.

Aim:
The purpose of the present clinical study was to identify a possible relationship between life stress and periodontal condition.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty patients were given a predesigned questionnaire (Perceived Stress Scale) to measure their stress levels, and clinical examination was carried out using Community Periodontal Index for periodontal status.

Results and Discussion:
High stress was observed among males, obese, married individuals, people engaged in fieldwork, individuals having monthly work time >40 h, daily sleep <8 h, smokers, participants with irregular brushing habits, and participants who did not undergo regular dental checkups. The present study showed a statistically significant relationship between the regular dental checkup and Russell's periodontal index.

Conclusion:
Stress is a prominent factor that deteriorates periodontal conditions among normal healthy individuals. The several factors leading to a stressful condition include regular lifestyle practices such as altered sleep hours, working conditions, and social and economic status. Thus, it is important to recognize the plausible relationship of stress and periodontal diseases. Hence, stress should be identified in patients and considered an important component during treatment planning.
Prevalence of dental fluorosis in relation to fluoride concentration in two Southern states of India – A comprehensive review
Authors: Abhishek Gopala 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Regarding the lack of comprehensive systematic review, efficacy of water fluoridation and prevalence of dental fluorosis in southern Indian states. The aim of the current research was to systematically study the prevalence of dental fluorosis and different levels of water fluoride in the south Indian states of and lay emphasis on the amount of fluoride in drinking water.

Aim:
To conduct a systematic review of the literature on the prevalence of dental fluorosis and exposure to fluoride in drinking water.

Materials and Methods:
A systematic search was carried out in the MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane databases and Google scholar from 1986 to 2022 using the term the prevalence of dental fluorosis and exposure to fluoride in drinking water.

Results and Discussion:
The study found highest caries prevalence in low fluoride areas (0.3 ppm) and very high fluoride areas (10.4 ppm).

Conclusion:
Conc. of fluoride plays an important role in prevalence of dental caries.
Parental perceptions of dental health in children with neurological disorders
Authors: Alyazidi Anas S. , Muthaffar Sara Y. , Muthaffar Arwa Y. , Muthaffar Osama Y. , Gaddoury Mahmoud A. 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Neurological disorders present in different age groups. In children, the spectrum of neurological diseases is multifactorial and varies between motor delay, speech delay, cognitive delay, and global developmental delay. Dental caries constitutes a public health problem that impacts approximately 80% of children nationwide.

Aims:
This study aims to evaluate the magnitude of dental problems in children with neurological disorders.

Materials and Methods:
An epidemiological investigation using a cross-sectional design was conducted. A total number of 2451 electronic surveys were sent to parents of children attending the pediatric neurology clinic. Children who attended the clinic from January 2017 to January 1, 2021, were included. Six hundred and seventy-five parents (28%) answered the survey.

Statistical Analysis Used:
For statistical analysis, IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows (Version 21.0; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) software was used. Categorical variables were presented using numbers, associated frequencies, and percentages (%). Categorical variables were correlated using the Chi-square test.

Results and Discussion:
A total number of 2451 surveys were distributed. The response rate was 28%. A total of 675 patients were labeled eligible. Patients' gender characteristics were as follows: 389 (58%) were male while 286 (42%) were female. Patients were distributed into two age groups, a group aged <7 years old and 7–14 years old.

Conclusions:
Neurological disorders proved to be a burden on patients with dental caries and their families. Socioeconomic status was an important aspect in the families' ability to manage dental caries. Patients with complicated seizures and require multiple drugs were more prone to worse states of oral hygiene. Multidisciplinary care that combines dentists and medical physicians is required.