bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MAKNA SAPATHA PADA PRASASTI SUKAWANA
Authors: Sumerata I Wayan 
Published: April 2017

Weak social control in the past caused the king issued sapatha which listed in an inscription. This research aims to reveal the meaning of sapatha and the elements which influence it. Therefore, understanding of sapatha will be known overall and understood by people especially those who inherited it. Data were collected through observation, direct reading and literature study related to inscription researches in Kintamani area. The data were analized based on inscription analysis technic with some steps namely source identification through transliteration and translation. Data interpretation was done by generally describing groups of inscription which contain sapatha and presented descriptive-qualitatively. Groups of Sukawana Inscription which contain sapatha are inscriptions of Sukawana AII which was issued by King Anak Wungsu dated from 976 Saka or 1054 A.D and Sukawana D which was issued by King Patih Kebo Parud. Sapatha is a social control which contains several meanings namely power, religion, and law. Those meanings show the greatness of the power domination in any interest. Kontrol sosial yang sangat lemah pada masa lalu menyebabkan raja mengeluarkan sapatha yang dicantumkan dalam sebuah prasasti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami makna yang terkandung dalam sapatha dan unsur-unsur yang mempengaruhinya. Dengan demikian pemahaman terhadap sapatha akan diketahui secara menyeluruh dan dapat memberikan pengertian terhadap masyarakat, khususnya masyarakat yang mewarisinya. Tahap pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pengamatan dan pembacaan langsung, serta studi kepustakaan terhadap berbagai literatur yang berkaitan dengan penelitian prasasti di wilayah Kintamani. Tahap analisis data dilakukan berdasarkan teknik analisis prasasti dengan tahapan seperti identifikasi sumber melalui alih aksara dan alih bahasa. Tahap penafsiran data dilakukan dengan memaparkan isi secara umum kelompok Prasasti yang memuat tentang sapatha, dan disajikan secara deskriptifkualitatif. Kelompok Prasasti Sukawana yang memuat tentang sapatha adalah prasasti Sukawana AII yang dikeluarkan oleh raja Anak Wungsu berangka tahun 976 Saka atau 1054 dan prasasti Sukawana D yang dikeluarkan oleh Raja Patih Kebo Parud. Sapatha merupakan sebuah kontrol sosial yang mengandung beberapa makna seperti makna kekuasaan, religi, dan hukum. Semua makna tersebut menunjukan, besarnya dominasi kekuasaan dalam bebagai kepentingan.
Comparative study on management of acute moderate and severe lateral ankle sprain using immobilization in below knee slab versus stirrup ankle brace
Authors: Bhandari Prawesh Singh , KC G. , Uprety S. 
Published: April 2017

Introduction: Amongst musculoskeletal injuries, ankle ligament sprains are the single most common sports injury. However, there often appears to be no common regimen for their management, with a wide spectrum of treatment options available. The purpose of this study is to determine the functional outcome of the ankle joint after a moderate or severe inversion injury, comparing standard treatment with a Below Knee Slab Splint against a Stirrup ankle brace.Method: Prospective study conducted at the emergency department at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital. Fifty patients presenting consecutively were randomized into two equal groups: one group was treated with Below Knee Slab Splint and the other with an Stirrup ankle brace. All patients were given a standardized advice sheet referring to rest, ice, compression, and elevation, NSAIDS and support. Patients were reviewed after 48–72 hours, 14 days, and 3 week. Primary outcome measure: Ankle joint function assessed at 3 week using the modified Karlsson scoring method (maximum score 90). Secondary outcome measure: The difference in ankle girth (swelling) at 3 weeks. Results: Twenty-five patients in Below Knee Slab Splint group and twenty-five patients in the stirrup ankle brace group. The age of the patients ranged from 16 to 55 years with the mean of 30.68±9.33 years.The difference in mean age in years was not different in both groups (P>0.05).The distribution of gender and occupation in both groups were homogeneous (P>0.05). The karlsson’s score mean for brace group is 79.8±5.3 and for other group is 72.0±10.3 (p-value: 0.002). Thus there was a significant difference in Karlssons score between the two groups showing better functional improvement in patients receiving Stirrup ankle brace. There is significant difference in the swelling of clients in between application of the brace (1.00±0.48 and slab (1.70±0.50) the at end of the third week with p value 0.000.Conclusion: The use of Stirrup ankle brace for the treatment of lateral ligament ankle sprains produces a significant improvement in ankle joint function at three weeks compared with standard management with aimmobilization in below knee posterior slab splint.JSSN 2015; 18 (1), Page: 10-16
Ocular Morbidity at High Altitude in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Sabina , Manoranjan Aparajita , Shresthatha Sushan Man 
Published: April 2017

Introduction: Certain changes occur in high altitude which can be organic, motor or functional. This study was conducted to find out ocular morbidity at high altitude in Nepal.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at four different places at altitudes of 2710 m (Jomsom), 2900 m (Kagbeni), 3500 m (Jharkot) and 3800 m (Muktinath) of Mustangdistrict of Nepal using convenient sampling method. A total of 222 subjects (444 eyes) were included. They were examined for vascular engorgement and tortuosity, arteriovenous ratio changes, retinal hemorrhages, cataract, pterygium, color vision and intraocular pressure. The motor changes like esodeviation and exodeviation were studied.Results: Of the total 222 participants, 164 (77.5%) were more than 40 years of age and 58 (22.5%) were less than 40 years. The male to female ratio was 1:1.1. The duration of stay at high altitude was >10 years in 96.6%, >15 years 88.3% and >20 years 83.8%. The prevalence of cataract was 19.8% and pseudophakia 17.1%. Other organic changes like venous engorgement, arterio-venous ratio changes and venous tortuosity was also found at high altitude. There was no significant change in intraocular pressure at high altitude. Esodeviation was present in 14%. The prevalence of pterygium was present in 39.6%. Similarly, the prevalence of red green color vision deficiency was 45.1%.Conclusion: Cataract, pterygium, red green color vision deficiency, esodeviation, venous engorgement and venous tortuosity were found to be prevalent at high altitude of Nepal.
Predictors of Surgical Outcome of Abdominal Trauma in Tertiary Care Centres of Nepal
Authors: Thapa Bikash Bikram , Gurung Rajan , Basnet Robin , Thapa Narayan 
Published: April 2017

Introduction: The abdominal trauma is a surgical emergency most of which are preventable and many of them could have good outcome with timely management by dedicated trauma system. It is not only the rising health problem but also the social and economic burden. A study on abdominal trauma can guide to cost-effective quality management of the patients. This study is undertaken to study and evaluate the predictors of surgical outcome in abdominal trauma patients in tertiary care centers in Nepal.Methods: Seventy five patients with abdominal trauma who underwent surgical intervention were evaluated prospectively inside the inclusion criteria. Ethical approval was obtained. The data on demographic pattern, clinic-radiological findings, abdominal trauma index, injury severity scale, operative findings, infectious complications, and mortality were collected. Chi square test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Out of 75 patients male to female ratio was 4.6 : 1. Blunt trauma (49) was the common cause of abdominal injury. Accidental abdominal injury happened in 73% (55) and fall from height was common mode of abdominal organ injury 40% (30). The overall morbidity and mortality were 30.6% and 9.3% respectively. Age > 30 years, Shock at presentation, Operative Delay > 24 hours, and trauma score (ATI>15 and ISS>15) were all good predictors of surgical outcome of patients with abdominal trauma (p <0.05).Conclusion: The predictors of surgical outcome were patient’s age, clinical status at presentation and delay in surgical intervention. Trauma score (both ATI and ISS) are equally important in predicting outcome which are necessary for monitoring patients care and the quality of trauma systems.
Clinical practice guidelines on the evidence‐based use of integrative therapies during and after breast cancer treatment
Authors: Greenlee Heather , DuPont‐Reyes Melissa J. , Balneaves Lynda G. , Carlson Linda E. , Cohen Misha R. , Deng Gary , Johnson Jillian A. , Mumber Matthew , Seely Dugald , Zick Suzanna M. , Boyce Lindsay M. , Tripathy Debu 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAnswer questions and earn CME/CNEPatients with breast cancer commonly use complementary and integrative therapies as supportive care during cancer treatment and to manage treatment‐related side effects. However, evidence supporting the use of such therapies in the oncology setting is limited. This report provides updated clinical practice guidelines from the Society for Integrative Oncology on the use of integrative therapies for specific clinical indications during and after breast cancer treatment, including anxiety/stress, depression/mood disorders, fatigue, quality of life/physical functioning, chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting, lymphedema, chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy, pain, and sleep disturbance. Clinical practice guidelines are based on a systematic literature review from 1990 through 2015. Music therapy, meditation, stress management, and yoga are recommended for anxiety/stress reduction. Meditation, relaxation, yoga, massage, and music therapy are recommended for depression/mood disorders. Meditation and yoga are recommended to improve quality of life. Acupressure and acupuncture are recommended for reducing chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting. Acetyl‐L‐carnitine is not recommended to prevent chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy due to a possibility of harm. No strong evidence supports the use of ingested dietary supplements to manage breast cancer treatment‐related side effects. In summary, there is a growing body of evidence supporting the use of integrative therapies, especially mind‐body therapies, as effective supportive care strategies during breast cancer treatment. Many integrative practices, however, remain understudied, with insufficient evidence to be definitively recommended or avoided. CA Cancer J Clin 2017;67:194–232. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Delayed or No Feedback? Gas Outflows in Type 2 AGNs. III.
Authors: Woo Jong-Hak , Son Donghoon , Bae Hyun-Jin 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
We present gas kinematics based on the [O iii]λ5007 line and their connection to galaxy gravitational potential, active galactic nucleus (AGN) energetics, and star formation, using a large sample of ∼110,000 AGNs and star-forming (SF) galaxies at z < 0.3. Gas and stellar velocity dispersions are comparable to each other in SF galaxies, indicating that the ionized gas kinematics can be accounted by the gravitational potential of host galaxies. In contrast, AGNs clearly show non-gravitational kinematics, which is comparable to or stronger than the virial motion caused by the gravitational potential. The [O iii] velocity–velocity dispersion (VVD) diagram dramatically expands toward high values as a function of AGN luminosity, implying that the outflows are AGN-driven, while SF galaxies do not show such a trend. We find that the fraction of AGNs with a signature of outflow kinematics, steeply increases with AGN luminosity and Eddington ratio. In particular, the majority of luminous AGNs presents strong non-gravitational kinematics in the [O iii] profile. AGNs with strong outflow signatures show on average similar specific star formation rates (sSFRs) to those of star-forming galaxies. In contrast, AGNs with weak or no outflows have an order of magnitude lower sSFRs, suggesting that AGNs with current strong outflows do now show any negative AGN feedback and that it may take dynamical time to impact on star formation over galactic scales.
Lyα Absorbers and the Coma Cluster
Authors: Yoon 윤 Joo Heon 주헌 , Putman M. E. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The spatial and kinematic distribution of warm gas in and around the Coma Cluster is presented through observations of Lyα absorbers using background QSOs. Updates to the Lyα absorber distribution found in Yoon et al. for the Virgo Cluster are also presented. At 0.2–2.0R
vir of Coma we identify 14 Lyα absorbers (

) toward 5 sightlines and no Lyα absorbers along 3 sightlines within

. For both Coma and Virgo, most Lyα absorbers are found outside the virial radius or beyond 1σ
v consistent with them largely representing the infalling intergalactic medium. The few exceptions in the central regions can be associated with galaxies. The Lyα absorbers avoid the hot ICM, consistent with the infalling gas being shock heated within the cluster. The massive dark matter halos of clusters do not show the increasing column density with decreasing impact parameter relationship found for the smaller mass galaxy halos. In addition, while the covering fraction within R
vir is lower for clusters than galaxies, beyond R
vir the covering fraction is somewhat higher for clusters. The velocity dispersion of the absorbers compared to the galaxies is higher for Coma, consistent with the absorbers tracing additional turbulent gas motions in the cluster outskirts. The results are overall consistent with cosmological simulations, with the covering fraction being high in the observations standing out as the primary discrepancy.
On the Statistical Properties of the Lower Main Sequence
Authors: Angelou George C. , Bellinger Earl P. , Hekker Saskia , Basu Sarbani 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Astronomy is in an era where all-sky surveys are mapping the Galaxy. The plethora of photometric, spectroscopic, asteroseismic, and astrometric data allows us to characterize the comprising stars in detail. Here we quantify to what extent precise stellar observations reveal information about the properties of a star, including properties that are unobserved, or even unobservable. We analyze the diagnostic potential of classical and asteroseismic observations for inferring stellar parameters such as age, mass, and radius from evolutionary tracks of solar-like oscillators on the lower main sequence. We perform rank correlation tests in order to determine the capacity of each observable quantity to probe structural components of stars and infer their evolutionary histories. We also analyze the principal components of classic and asteroseismic observables to highlight the degree of redundancy present in the measured quantities and demonstrate the extent to which information of the model parameters can be extracted. We perform multiple regression using combinations of observable quantities in a grid of evolutionary simulations and appraise the predictive utility of each combination in determining the properties of stars. We identify the combinations that are useful and provide limits to where each type of observable quantity can reveal information about a star. We investigate the accuracy with which targets in the upcoming TESS and PLATO missions can be characterized. We demonstrate that the combination of observations from GAIA and PLATO will allow us to tightly constrain stellar masses, ages, and radii with machine learning for the purposes of Galactic and planetary studies.
The 2015–2016 Outburst of the Classical EXor V1118 Ori
Authors: Giannini T. , Antoniucci S. , Lorenzetti D. , Munari U. , Causi G. Li , Manara C. F. , Nisini B. , Arkharov A. A. , Dallaporta S. , Di Paola A. , Giunta A. , Harutyunyan A. , Klimanov S. A. , Marchetti A. , Righetti G. L. , Rossi A. , Strafella F. , Testa V. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
After a quiescence period of about 10 years, the classical EXor source V1118 Ori has undergone an accretion outburst in 2015 September. The maximum brightness (

mag) was reached in 2015 December and was maintained for several months. Since 2016 September, the source is in a declining phase. Photometry and low/high-resolution spectroscopy were obtained with MODS and LUCI2 at the Large Binocular Telescope, with the facilities at the Asiago 1.22 and 1.82 m telescopes, and with GIANO at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo. The spectra are dominated by emission lines of H i and neutral metallic species. From line and continuum analysis we derive the mass accretion rate and its evolution during the outburst. Considering that extinction may vary between 1.5 and 2.9 mag, we obtain

= 0.3–2.0 10−8
M

yr−1 in quiescence and

= 0.2–1.9 10−6
M

yr−1 at the outburst peak. The Balmer decrement shape has been interpreted by means of line excitation models, finding that from quiescence to outburst peak, the electron density has increased from ∼2 109 cm−3 to ∼4 1011 cm−3. The profiles of the metallic lines are symmetric and narrower than 100 km s−1, while H i and He i lines show prominent wings extending up to ±500 km s−1. The metallic lines likely originate at the base of the accretion columns, where neutrals are efficiently shielded against the ionizing photons, while faster ionized gas is closer to the star. Outflowing activity is testified by the detection of a variable P Cyg-like profile of the Hα and He i 1.08 μm lines.
Grandeur et décadence de la fonction déontologie. Une perspective sur le contrôle interne bancaire et financier
Authors: Lenglet Marc , Taupin Benjamin 
Published: April 2017

Cet article propose une étude des évolutions subies par la fonction déontologie au sein des établissements de crédit et des entreprises d’investissement entre 2003 et 2006. Partant d’une approche qualitative associant observation-participante et analyse de données secondaires, nous mettons en évidence la coexistence de deux conceptions du contrôle interne : l’une trouvant ses racines dans la déontologie financière (intervenant ex ante ), l’autre dans le contrôle effectué a posteriori (intervenant ex post ). Sur le plan théorique, l’analyse se fonde sur les travaux consacrés par Paul Ricœur à l’articulation des notions d’éthique et de morale, et entend contribuer à la littérature en contrôle interne dans le secteur bancaire et financier. Nous montrons ainsi comment l’introduction de la notion de risque de non-conformité dans les textes réglementaires en 2005 a modifié la fonction déontologie. Cette analyse permet enfin de mettre en perspective les conséquences de cette évolution, qui consacre la conformation démonstrative à la norme aux dépens de la capacité à reconnaître en pratique dans les normes une prétention légitime à régler les conduites.
L’audit législatif aux frontières du pouvoir et de la politique
Authors: Malsch Bertrand , Morin Danielle 
Published: April 2017

En étudiant le mandat de Sheila Fraser comme Vérificatrice générale (VG) du Canada de 2001 à 2011, cet article analyse la façon dont l’exercice de son pouvoir a permis de briser la structure de complicité qui tend généralement à lier l’action des Auditeurs législatifs aux intérêts du champ politique. Notre étude s’articule en particulier autour du scandale du programme des commandites dévoilé par la VG en 2004 et des événements qui ont suivi. Nos résultats mettent en évidence l’exercice d’un pouvoir multidimensionnel impliquant : 1) La mobilisation des armes réglementaires et législatives permettant de provoquer des conflits ouverts avec le champ politique ; 2) La défense du territoire réglementaire du VG et une pratique des missions d’audit de performance échappant au cadre restrictif d’une approche purement « technicienne » ; 3) La production d’un discours installant dans l’imaginaire collectif une représentation de l’action du VG comme un « justicier » indépendant des jeux politiques et au service de la population. Notre étude contribue ainsi à la littérature sur l’audit législatif en mettant en évidence la complexité de la dynamique de pouvoir exercé par le Vérificateur général et la porosité des frontières des territoires réglementaires et politiques.
Non-Parametric Method for Estimating Extreme N-Year Profiles for Loop Current and Eddies
Authors: Agarwal Puneet , Forristall George 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Extreme N-year current profiles for Loop Current and Eddies (LCE) are required for the strength and fatigue assessment of the risers and wellhead/casing systems. The profiles for different return periods (i.e., N = 1, 10, 100, etc.) are derived from an extreme value analysis (EVA) of the available data.
The traditional derivation of N-year profiles is based on the parametric EVA. These methods consist of fitting a parametric joint probability distribution to two or three mode amplitudes from an Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis. The parametric method is intended for and most used when statistical extrapolation is required, i.e., the duration of available data is shorter than the desired return period. The parametric methods often require the user to make a few subjective choices relating to the distribution fitting.
In the present paper, a new non-parametric method is introduced to derive N-year current profiles from a multivariate EVA of the three EOF mode amplitudes. The method is completely objective and no subjective decisions are required. The method is applied to 1,000 years of hindcast current data that is simulated from GEM42 model for a site in the Gulf of Mexico. The current data consists of mode shapes and amplitudes of the first three empirical orthogonal functions. Profiles for return period up to 100 years are computed so the statistical extrapolation is not required.
In the non-parametric method, a peaks-over-threshold (POT) technique is first used to extract extremes of a controlling variable such as the surface current velocity or total energy of the current profile. The mode amplitudes at the time steps of those extremes are then extracted; the mode superposition relationship among the mode amplitudes is thus maintained. The set of mode amplitudes for a return period of N years is obtained from the empirical cumulative distribution function of the controlling variable, i.e., only the order statistics are utilized. The uncertainty associated with using only the order statistics is minimized by using the bootstrap technique. It is shown that N-year values thus derived are largely independent of threshold choice, which is also an advantage of this method. N-year current profiles derived from the non-parametric method are found to be similar as those derived from a parametric method; however, non-parametric estimates have the advantage of being objective.