bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using web2py Python framework for creating data-driven web applications in the academic library
Authors: Miles Mathew 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– Many libraries have a need to develop their own data-driven web applications, but their technical staff often lacks the required specialized training – which includes knowledge of SQL, a web application language like PHP, JavaScript, CSS, and jQuery. The web2py framework greatly reduces the learning curve for creating data-driven websites by focussing on three main goals: ease of use; rapid development; and security. web2py follows a strict MVC framework where the controls and web templates are all written in pure Python. No additional templating language is required. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– There are many frameworks available for creating database-driven web applications. The author had used ColdFusion for many years but wanted to move to a more complete web framework which was also open source.

Findings
– After evaluating a number of Python frameworks, web2py was found to provide the best combination of functionality and ease of use. This paper focusses on the strengths of web2py and not the specifics of evaluating the different frameworks.

Practical implications
– Librarians who feel that they do not have the skills to create data-driven websites in other frameworks might find that they can develop them in web2py. It is a good web application framework to start with, which might also provide a gateway to other frameworks.

Originality/value
– web2py is an open source framework that could have great benefit for those who may have struggled to create database-driven websites in other frameworks or languages.
Managing and mining historical research data
Authors: Seadle Michael S. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to review how historical research data are managed and mined today.

Design/methodology/approach
– The methodology builds on observations over the last decade.

Findings
– Reading speed is a factor in managing the quantity of text in historical research. Twenty years ago historical research involved visits to physical libraries and archives, but today much of the information is online. The granularity of reading has changed over recent decades and recognizing this change is an important factor in improving acce.

Practical implications
– Computer-based humanities text mining could be simpler if publishers and libraries would manage the data in ways that facilitate the process. Some aspects still need development, including better context awareness, either by writing context awareness into programs or by encoding it in the text.

Social implications
– Future researchers who want to make use of text mining and distant reading techniques will need more thorough technical training than they get today.

Originality/value
– There is relatively little discussion of text mining and distant reading in the LIS literature.
User perceptions of ICT at the American University of Kuwait Library
Authors: Alharbi Awadh 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to describe the student perceptions of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the American University of Kuwait Library (AUK).

Design/methodology/approach
– The study uses a quantitative research method in order to investigate the perceptions of a wide range of students who use the academic library. The sample consists of 95 student volunteers, who provided data that were then analyzed and compared with literature from other authors in this subject field.

Findings
– The study found that the quality of the ICT equipment provided by the AUK library is very good, however training in how to use the library’s ICT is lacking.

Practical implications
– The findings suggest that the academic library looks into the possibility of changing the layout of the library to incorporate more computer terminals, as clearly many students feel there are currently not enough. The academic library must offer a greater amount of ICT training for students, preferably relating to the use of electronic resources and journals for new students.

Originality/value
– This study adds to the current literature on academic libraries in Kuwait, and is one of the first studies to look at students’ perceptions of ICT in a private university institution.
The effect of analyst coverage on CEO compensation structure: evidence from the S & P 1500
Authors: Shiah-Hou Shin-Rong 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– What is the role of analysts in reducing agency problems and information asymmetry between stockholders and managers? The purpose of this paper is to confirm the analyst’s role by examining his or her influence on CEO compensation structure.Design/methodology/approach– The major population for this study consists of publicly traded corporations of the S & P 1500 for which data on CEO compensation is available from Standard & Poor’s Execucomp database, along with the proxy statements of these firms. Regression analysis is used to test hypotheses about the effect of analyst coverage on CEO compensation.Findings– The evidence shows that CEOs of firms with greater analyst coverage or higher analyst coverage quality (analyst coverage index) have higher pay-for-performance (Delta), more compensation incentives to increase firm risk (Vega), more total compensation, and more excess compensation. Even after controlling for the effect of other types of corporate governance, including internal governance and institutional holdings, analysts’ activities still have an incremental effect on CEO compensation structure.Practical implications– The authors findings may be useful to investors who use analyst coverage to evaluate the firm’s CEO compensation, as it suggests that investors may reference the information about analyst coverage of firms to craft appropriate CEO compensation structures.Originality/value– The authors results contribute by showing that the extra effect of analyst activities on CEO compensation structure exists, even after controlling for other types of governance mechanisms, such as internal governance and institutional investors’ holdings.
Factors affecting entrepreneurial intentions among Kuwaitis
Authors: Elali Wajeeh , Al-Yacoub Badriah 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the key influential factors that affect the entrepreneurial intentions of Kuwaiti nationals.Design/methodology/approach– This study was carried out by a survey method, using a questionnaire that targeted all Kuwaiti nationals over 18 who had the possibility of becoming entrepreneurs. The respondents’ perceptions of six antecedents that could influence entrepreneurial intentions were analyzed and assessed using correlation and regression statistics.Findings– The findings of this study clearly show that social networking, risk tolerance, the need for achievement as well as self-efficacy play a significant role in the entrepreneurial intentions of Kuwaiti nationals. The study also found that the need for achievement was the most important factor that affects whether or not these young Kuwaitis would wish to have their own business. It was also ascertained that both opportunity recognition and the accessibility of resources do not have any significant influence over their entrepreneurial intentions.Research limitations/implications– Although this study used a framework that was consistent with previous research studies, it did not include certain factors, which might also impact entrepreneurial intentions. Moreover, the quantitative approach used in this study may tend to obscure the relationship between variables, which could inevitably lead to biased results. However, the results obtained from this study may provide further insight into the subject area and prove beneficial to policymakers, researchers, and educators.Originality/value– Empirical studies that investigate the factors that influence the entrepreneurial intentions among the people of the Middle East and GCC countries are considerably scarce. This study thus serves to augment the currently limited literature on the entrepreneurial intentions among people in developing Middle East countries, particularly that of Kuwaitis.
The effect of highlighting on processing and memory of central and peripheral text information: evidence from eye movements
Authors: Yeari Menahem , Oudega Marja , van den Broek Paul 
Published: March 2016

The present study investigated the effect of text highlighting on online processing and memory of central and peripheral information. We compared processing time (using eye‐tracking methodology) and recall of central and peripheral information for three types of highlighting: (a) highlighting of central information, (b) highlighting of peripheral information and (c) no highlighting. Results indicate that highlighting central information decreased the amount of rereading of peripheral information, whereas highlighting peripheral information increased the amount of rereading of peripheral information. Processing and recall of central information did not differ across highlighting conditions but were higher than the processing and recall of peripheral information (i.e., centrality effects). These findings suggest that highlighting influences processing of text but that this influence occurs after initial processing, interacts with centrality and is strongest for text information that is relatively peripheral to the overall coherence and meaning of the text. Proficient readers apparently selectively process and store central information regardless of what is highlighted in the text.HighlightsThe following issues are already known about the paper's topic:

Text highlighting is a common useful device that students use for coping with reading large amounts of texts.
In most cases, reading time is longer, and memory is better when information is highlighted than when it is not.
In most cases, reading time is longer and memory is better when information is central than when it is not central.
This paper adds the following:

Text highlighting and text centrality affect rereading time but not initial reading time of textual information.
The reading and memory of central information are not affected by highlighting.
Rereading is more frequent when peripheral information is highlighted than when it is not.
Implications for practice and/or policy:

Students should be practised in highlighting central or important information for their study; highlighting peripheral information results in a wasting of time in rereading unimportant information; this is especially relevant for studying under time pressure, when highlighting is mostly needed and helpful.
Proficient adult readers succeed in attending important information even when less‐important information is highlighted; this notion is encouraging regarding texts that are highlighted in an inadequate manner.
Less proficient and/or young readers should receive special care with regard to the quality of highlighting in their texts.
Accounts from behind the Curtain: History and Geography in the Critical Analysis of Urban Theory
Authors: Ferenčuhová Slavomíra 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis article seeks to contribute to the debate on the proposal to decentre urban theory and to develop postcolonial urban studies, and on the related issue of the geography of the production and circulation of knowledge. It focuses on how scholars writing about post‐socialist cities explain why their sub‐field has so far contributed little to urban theory, and it proposes an alternative—historically informed—perspective on the issue. Based on an analysis of the ties and exchanges that existed between urban studies in Central and Eastern Europe and ‘West‐based' urban theory and research during the state‐socialist period, this article argues that the recognized current position of research on post‐socialist cities in relation to international urban scholarship has important historical parallels with the period prior to 1989. The article thus underlines the need to include a historically informed analysis of geography of knowledge production in critical thinking about urban theory and in the project of cosmopolitan urban studies. The capacities of researchers in different localities to contribute to this project are various and shaped by the history of the discipline. The conditions and perspectives in and from which researchers contribute to urban theory should therefore be taken into account if the project of cosmopolitan urban studies is to succeed.
Disaster Warnings in Your Pocket: How Audiences Interpret Mobile Alerts for an Unfamiliar Hazard
Authors: Bean Hamilton , Liu Brooke F. , Madden Stephanie , Sutton Jeannette , Wood Michele M. , Mileti Dennis S. 
Published: March 2016

This study investigates how people interpret Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEAs) and Twitter‐length messages (‘tweets’) delivered over mobile devices for an unfamiliar hazard. Specifically, through four (N = 31) focus groups and 31 think‐out‐loud interviews, participants’ understanding of, belief in and personalisation of WEAs and tweets were assessed for a mock improvised nuclear device detonation in a major U.S. metropolitan area. While participants offered a wide variety of interpretations, WEAs and tweets were often deemed confusing, difficult to believe and impersonal. Participants also consistently found WEAs and tweets to be fear inducing and uninformative. The findings compel improvements in the way that WEAs and tweets are currently written, as well as indicate future directions for applied risk and crisis communication theory development.
Medical scribes in emergency medicine produce financially significant productivity gains for some, but not all emergency physicians
Authors: Walker Katherine J , Ben‐Meir Michael , Phillips David , Staples Margaret 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aims to determine if a scribe in an Australian ED can assist emergency physicians to work with increased productivity and to investigate when and where to allocate a scribe and to whom.MethodsThis was a prospective observational single‐centre study conducted at a private ED in Melbourne. It evaluated one American scribe and five doctors over 6 months. A scribe is a trained assistant who performs non‐clinical tasks usually performed by the doctor. The primary outcomes were patients/hour/doctor and billings/patient. Additional analyses included individual doctor productivity, productivity by ED region, shift time, day of the week and physician learning curves. Door‐to‐doctor time, time spent on ambulance bypass and door‐to‐discharge time were examined, also complaints or issues with the scribe.ResultsThere was an overall increase in doctor consultations of 0.11 (95%CI 0.07–0.15) primary consultations per hour (13%). There was variation seen between individual doctors (lowest increase 0.06 [6%] to highest increase 0.12 [15%]). Billings per patients, door‐to‐doctor, door‐to‐discharge and ambulance bypass times remained the same. There was no advantage to allocating a scribe to a specific time of day, day of week or region of the ED. There was no learning period found.ConclusionsIn the present study, scribe usage was associated with overall improvements in primary consultations per hour of 13% per scribed hour, and this varied depending on the physician. There is an economic argument for allocating scribes to some emergency physicians on days, evenings and weekends, not to trainees.
Burnout among university accounting educators in Australia and New Zealand: determinants and implications
Authors: Vesty Gillian , Sridharan VG , Northcott Deryl , Dellaportas Steven 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIncreased teaching workloads combined with pressures to publish in limited outlets has intensified the burnout potential among accounting educators in Australia and New Zealand. However, amongst the few studies on tertiary accounting education, the focus has so far been only on burnout arising from student contact intensity. We broaden this literature by examining how other worklife characteristics contribute to burnout. Based on 158 responses from Australian and New Zealand accounting academics, we find evidence for emotional exhaustion due to high workload. However, professional efficacy continues to remain high. Qualitative responses offer deeper insights on how various burnout factors are interrelated.
Discretion in bank loan loss allowance, risk taking and earnings management
Authors: Jin Justin , Kanagaretnam Kiridaran , Lobo Gerald J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe study whether banks use the allowance for loan losses (ALL) for efficiency or for opportunistic reasons. We find that banks that had higher abnormal ALL during the period prior to the 2007–2009 crisis engaged in less risk taking during the pre‐crisis period and had a lower probability of failure during the crisis period. In testing earnings management to meet or beat earnings benchmarks, we find that abnormal ALL is unrelated to next period's loss avoidance and just meeting or beating the prior year's earnings. Our results suggest that banks use ALL for efficiency and not for opportunistic purposes.
Radiotelemetry reveals key data for the conservation of Sheppardia gabela (Rand, 1957) in the Angolan Escarpment forest
Authors: Cáceres Aimy , Melo Martim , Barlow Jos , Mills Michael S. L. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBiodiversity information in Angola is limited or nonexistent, hindering the design and implementation of conservation strategies. The Escarpment forest is one of the most important areas for bird diversity in the country. However, there is almost no information about the territorial needs and habitat preferences of its threatened endemic birds. This study evaluated these needs and preferences in Gabela akalat Sheppardia gabela, a range‐restricted endemic to the Central Escarpment. Eighteen individuals of Gabela akalat were captured and radio‐tracked with the objectives of establishing their territory size (through home‐range size estimates) and habitat preferences using compositional analysis. Home‐range sizes were slightly larger than other Sheppardia species and Gabela akalat evidently avoided clearings and preferred forest habitat, although it was also able to use farmland areas and secondary growth to a lesser extent. Conservation measures should focus on the preservation of remaining old‐growth forest through the establishment of a nature reserve in Kumbira. To assure the success of such an initiative, the local population should participate in planning, administration and enforcement. We outline some measures that could help address the economic needs of the local community while maintaining forest cover.
Tree communities of different aged logged areas in an Afrotropical rainforest
Authors: Owiny Arthur A. , Valtonen Anu , Nyeko Philip , Malinga Geoffrey M. , Roininen Heikki 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPredicting the recovery processes in tree communities after logging is critical when developing conservation strategies. We assessed the patterns in tree communities in logged and primary forests in Kibale National Park, Uganda, representing 9‐ to 19‐year‐old clear‐cuts of former conifer plantations, 42‐ to 43‐year‐old logged forests and primary forests. Species density and diversity were lower and dominance higher in the 9‐ to 19‐year‐old forests compared to the 42‐ to 43‐year‐old forests or primary forests. The tree species density, diversity and dominance of 42‐ to 43‐year‐old forests did not differ significantly from primary forests. However, they had a lower stem density, and higher cover of Acanthus pubescens, a shrub known to arrest the succession in Kibale. The tree community compositions of 9‐ to 19‐year‐old, 42‐ to 43‐year‐old and primary forests differed from each other. A large group of tree species (21) were primary forest indicators, that is, they were either missing or relatively rare in logged forests. The results of this study show that even after four decades of natural recovery, logged Afrotropical forests can still be distinguished from primary forests in their tree community compositions, emphasizing the slow community recovery and the important role of primary forests when preserving the tree communities in tropical rainforests.
Ancient islands acted as refugia and pumps for conifer diversity
Authors: Condamine Fabien L. , Leslie Andrew B. , Antonelli Alexandre 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIsland species are thought to be extinction‐prone because of small population sizes, restricted geographical distribution and limited dispersal ability. However, the topographical and environmental heterogeneity, geographical isolation and stability of islands over long timescales could create refugia for taxa whose source area is threatened by environmental changes. We address this possibility by inferring the evolution of the New Caledonia (NC) and New Zealand (NZ) conifer diversity, which represents over 10% of the world's diversity for this group. We estimate speciation and extinction rates in relation to the presence/absence on these islands, and dispersal rates between the islands and surrounding areas. We also test the Eocene submersion of NC and the Oligocene drowning of NZ by comparing the fit of biogeographical scenarios using ancestral area estimations. We find that extinction rates were significantly lower for island species, and dispersal “out of islands” was higher. A model including a diversification shift when NC emerged better explains the diversification dynamics. Biogeographical analyses corroborate that conifers experienced high continental extinctions, but survived on islands. NC and NZ have thus contributed to the world's conifer diversity as “island refugia”, by maintaining early‐diverging lineages from continents during environmental changes on continents. These ancient islands also acted as “species pumps”, providing species into adjacent areas. Our study highlights the important but neglected role of islands in promoting the evolution and conservation of biodiversity.
Evaluation of the insertion torque, implant stability quotient and drilled hole quality for different drill design: an in vitro Investigation
Authors: Gehrke Sergio Alexandre , Guirado José Luis Calvo , Bettach Raphaël , Fabbro Massimo Del , Martínez Carlos Pérez‐Albacete , Shibli Jamil Awad 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the present study was to compare the insertion torque and implant stability quotient between different drill design for implant site preparation.Materials and MethodsSynthetic blocks of bone (type I density) were used for drilling procedures. Three groups were evaluated: Group G1 ‐ drilling with a single bur for a 4.2 mm conical implant; Group G2 and Group G3 ‐ drilling with three consecutive burs for a 4.1 mm cylindrical implant and for a 4.3 mm conical implant respectively. For each group, 15 drilling procedures were performed without irrigation for 10‐mm in‐depth. The drilled hole quality (HQ) after the osteotomy for implant site preparation was measured in the five‐first holes through a fully automated roundness/cylindricity instrument at three levels (top, middle, and bottom of the site). The insertion torque value (ITV) was achieved with a computed torquimeter and the implant stability quotient (ISQ) values were measured using a resonance frequency apparatus.ResultsThe single drill (group 1) achieved a significantly higher ITV and ISQ than the multiple drills for osteotomy (groups 2 and 3). Group 1 and 3 displayed significantly better HQ than group 2.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of the study, the results suggest that the hole quality, in addition to the insertion torque, may significantly affect implant primary stability.