bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Dacians, The Wolf Warriors
Authors: Strechie Mădălina 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The Dacians, a very important Indo-European people of the ancient world, were, like all Indo-European peoples, highly trained in the art of war. The legends of the ancient world placed the worship of Ares/Mars, the god of war, in the world of the Thracians, the Dacians being the most important of the Thracians, by the creation of a state and by their remarkable civilization, where war generated rank. The Dacian leaders, military aristocrats, Tarabostes are similar to the Bharathi of the Aryans, therefore the accounts of Herodotus, the father of history, who called the Thracians (including the Dacians, the northern Thracians), “the most important of the Indo-Europeans, after the race of the Indians” (i.e. the Persians and the Aryans, their relatives), also have a military meaning. The totemic symbol of the wolf was much present in Europe, especially with Indo-European peoples, like the Spartans, the aristocrats of war, but mostly with the Romans, the gendarmes of the ancient world. But the Dacians honoured this majestic animal above all, not only as a symbol of the state, but also, apparently, as their eponym. As warriors, the Dacians lay under the sign of the wolf, their battle flag, and acted like real wolves against their enemies, whether they were Celts, during the reign of Burebista, or Romans, during the reign of Decebalus. The Dacians made history in the military art, being perfectly integrated, after the Roman conquest, in the largest and best trained army of the ancient world, the Roman army. Moreover, the wolf warriors, mastering the equestrian art, were a success in the special, though auxiliary troops of the famous equites singulares in the Roman army. If the Romans were the eagles of war, the Dacians were its wolves, these two symbols best illustrating the military art of all times.
The Structure and Methods of Gruppe 6 E from German Secret Service During The Second World War
Authors: Zidaru Marian 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In this paper I present the general background picture of the development of Gruppe (group) 6 E from German Secret Service. As a result, for the personal interest of Ernst Kaltenbrunner in the work of the Gruppe, 6E developed a working basis which differs from the normal functioning of the other Laendergruppen (groups of countries), a tendency which became more marked after the transfer of the central office from Berlin to Vienna in 1943. A liaison officer only remained in Berlin. This paper presents the final structure of the Gruppe and the leading personnel, and it is under this final organization that the work of the Gruppe in the Balkan States. The Gruppe maintained liaison officers with the Herman Neubacher and Altenberg Dienststellen (Altenberg offices), these liaison officers being directly subordinated to the Gruppenleiter (Group leader). In common with the outside offices, with which he kept in personal contact, and an Auswerter (analyst) responsible for the evaluation and dissemination of information. The Referate (Abstrat) conducted their operation through the Hauptbeauftragte (Chief Comissioner) working in the various countries under suitable cover.
Simulation and Gamification in E-Learning Technical Courses
Authors: Bârsan Ghiţă , Năstăsescu Vasile , Bârsan Vlad-Andrei 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe paper is based on the experience gained in creating eLearning courses to keep the student’s interest high, to encourage them to study additional materials in order to achieve the level of complexity proposed by the discipline objectives. The combination of specific gaming-techniques with simulation elements has been combined into designing the e-learning content. The degree of motivation and the interest in the discipline were appreciated by comparing the results obtained by students attending a blending-learning to those students who did the didactic activities in the traditional way. At present, there is a decrease in students’ interest in technical subjects. On one hand, the complexity of these disciplines is high, and moreover, in order for the students to achieve the didactic objectives of the discipline, they must make a sustained effort and combine the individual study with the explanations in the classroom.
Software Define Radio System for HF Noise Measurements
Authors: Bouleanu Iulian , Vasile Vlad-Cosmin 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Accurate noise estimation in the HF band is a defining aspect in the evaluation of SNR for communication links. The reference document that specifies how different types of electromagnetic noise can be taken into account by radio communication system planners is the ITU-R Recommendation P.372.Meanwhile a series of studies have demonstrated that Gaussian noise in the HF band is not always valid because this band noise is strongly affected by atmospheric emission sources such as lightning impulse. This leads to the idea that a distribution suited to express the noise variance is the Bi-Kappa distribution. In addition, over the past decade, SDR devices and real-time spectrum analysers, which can be used to evaluate this noise, have registered explosive growth. This article indicates technical solutions and procedures used to estimate the noise level in the HF subband which can be used for Near Vertical Incidence Skywave (NVIS) communications and proposes a measurement system based on a SDR solution which meets these requirements.
Determining a Particular Solution for n-th Order Linear Differential Equations with Constant Coefficients
Authors: Căruțașu Vasile 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
For n-th order linear differential equations with constant coefficients, the problem to be solved is related to determining a particular solution, and then, with the general solution of n-th homogeneous linear differential equation with constant coefficients attached, to write the general solution of n-th linear differential equation with the given constant coefficients. In all the works that deal with this issue three situations are analyzed: the situation in which the free term is a polynomial P(x), the situation in which the free term is like P(x)· eα·x and lastly, the situation in which the free term is like eω·x · (P(x)· cos(β·x)+ Q(x)·sin(β·x)). In this study we aim to analyze if the free term is a combination of the three cases mentioned.
Study of Operational Capabilities of Chemical Sources of Electricity Influenced by Ambient Factors
Authors: Ivanova Galina 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This study focuses on the possibility of using chemical sources of electricity to power smallsized equipment with a short-term activity. Physical models of the suggested battery were used and their performance was studied according to the requirements for testing the effects of both changes in temperature and reduced atmospheric pressure. Qualitative methods were implemented to define the performance of the test specimens.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Influence of Troops Leading Procedure
Authors: Drozd Jan , Flasar Zdeněk 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Unmanned aerial vehicles, drones and other similar equipment are having a boom nowadays. Moreover, the usage of those modern technologies is also significant within armies. Unmanned aerial vehicles are extensively use within most of the military activities all over the world mainly on the battalion level and above. This paper is focused to discuss the usage of this technology on tactical level, particularly by squad and squad size units. The paper deals mainly with influence of unmanned aerial vehicles on troops leading procedure. The main methods of this paper are outcomes from the realized experiment. It shows on examples specific impact on all steps of the troops leading procedure. The experiment revealed interesting data and some possible conclusion were made. The primarily target of this paper is experience military personnel dealing with this topic. The paper should open broad discussion focused on all steps of troops leading procedure and outline the possible way of troops leading procedure update. Unmanned aerial vehicles, drones and other modern technology providing almost online information to the squad leader could significantly influence all steps of the troop leading procedure, safe preparation time as well as lives of the troops.
Challenges for Sample Preparation and Analysis of New Matrices During the OPCW Proficiency Tests
Authors: Grigoriu Nicoleta , Toader Constantin Nicolae , Deliu Panaghia , Moșteanu Dănuț 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In the OPCW Proficiency Tests usually two sets of three samples each (test sample, control, blank) are sent for analysis, with no indication for the type of the sample. Each set of samples can be prepared in a different matrix, with organic solvent, water and soil as the most frequent ones. Thus each sample has to be analyzed like a test sample. Participants are requested to identify any chemical contained in the schedules of the Chemical Weapons Convention plus all the degradation products that can originate from them; this involves millions of possible chemicals. Usually, a spiking level of ≈10 ppm is applied. Only chemicals that are considered relevant within the scenario of the proficiency test are to be reported. The choice of sample preparation method strongly depends on the composition of the sample and on the requirements for the different analytical techniques employed in the screening and analysis. Because the sample composition of proficiency test samples is unknown, no target compound sample preparation methods can be applied. New matrices, never used in a PT before, required participants to develop new or to adopt existing sample preparation methods. The new matrices from the 38th OPCW PT were linked to food, biodiesel like used cooking oil methyl ester and a 2% Agar-agar solution (solid gel). Aluminium metal and artificial rainwater chosen to provide matrix challenge for the 40th OPCW PT. The paper provides the challenges that are generated by the new and complex matrices, how to work up gel sample, the tendency of biodiesel to form emulsions, how to sub-sample “metal fragments”, and the method of extractions.
Numerical Modelling of Terminal Ballistic for 40 × 46 mm Lesslethal Kinetic Grenade
Authors: Iosif Gabriel , Epure Gabriel , Anghel Laurențiu , Moșteanu Dănuț 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This paper presents the terminal ballistics of a 40×46mm less lethal grenade. The aim of the research was to determine the kinetic energy applied to the surface in the moment of impact and also the non-lethal characteristic of this ammunition. 40 × 46 mm less-lethal kinetic grenade is made of resilient material that increases its surface in the moment of impact in order to dissipate the kinetic energy developed
Resistance of Barrier Materials Against Toxic Compounds Permeation and Its Evaluation in Accordance with New European Norms
Authors: Otřísal Pavel , Florus Stanislav , Karkalić Radovan 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Study of barrier material resistance against permeation of toxic compounds belongs to a category of chemical warfare agents and toxic industrial chemicals are permanently insufficiently solved problems. This work deals with changes in approaches to testing barrier materials against toxic compounds permeation in static and dynamic conditions. An aim of this information is to describe specifications of cancelled norms of ČSN EN ISO 6529 (2002) a ČSN EN 374-3 (2004) with newly established norms ČSN EN 16523-1 a 16523-2 (2015). Authors focused on specification and comments of changes in such parts of norms concerning their scope, terms and definitions. A selected problem was solved with the help of analyse of newly established norms in a form of comments. Conditions for specification of understanding of mentioned problems in a context of established or occasionally prepared methods of testing resistance barrier materials against toxic compounds permeation have been formed with elaborated research.
Experimental Research on the Manufactureof Parts Composing a Technical System Using Polymer Composite Materials
Authors: Popescu Stelian , Dascălu Viorel , Virca Ioan 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The article presents experimental research conducted by the authors for use of polymer composite materials to manufacture pressure parts of subassemblies composition of technical systems, currently manufactured from nonferrous materials. The research aimed to identify and establish a manufacturing technology specific for polymer composite materials and conducting testing and verification of resistance of manufactured parts, including their real operation conditions under pressure. The final part of the article highlights the authors’ conclusions, insisting on the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed method.
Influence of the Shock Wave on the Hybrid Ballistic Gelatin
Authors: Său Ciprian , Zecheru Teodora , Lăzăroaie Claudiu , Alexe Florentina 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Forensic ballistic tests involve the use of various ballistic gelatins and soaps. Their use is restrained due to several important factors: their synthesis strategy, their availability at room temperature and their rapid degradation even when kept in cold places. The importance of human torso surrogates translates in the facility to verify various ballistic factors impact, such as shock wave or fragments. In the first case, the use of piezoelectric transducers and accelerometers inside torso surrogates helps in defining safety distances and materials for individual protection equipment.
The tribological properties of Al-brasses in various environments
Authors: Lovíšek M. , Liptáková T. , Bronček J. , Dundeková S. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Tribological properties of Al-brass pipes of various producers were studied in different environments. The tested brasses have very similar chemical composition, but they differ in microstructure due to mainly by heat treatment after cold drawing. Microstructure as well as roughness of surface influence chemical and mechanical properties which are important in operating conditions. The experiments of tribological behavior were made in various environments, dry air, cooling treated water and 3.5 % solution of NaCl at room temperature 21 ± 2°C. The tribological tests were carried out on the Linear Tribometer at normal loading 5 N by the method ball on plate for the duration of 5500 s. The measured friction coefficients were evaluated by the program DIAdem and the diagrams were created from signal generated by software NSignal Express
Transforming innovation models in European regions: Breaking out of path dependency and growing faster?
Authors: Pylak Korneliusz , Wojnicka-Sycz Elżbieta 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe aim of the paper is to verify whether a change in innovation model by less-developed regions may speed up development processes and if innovativeness plays crucial role in these processes. Cluster analysis conducted for the years 1994-2014 showed that the majority of lessdeveloped regions in 1994-2000 that experienced significant growth by 2011-2014 changed their innovation models. Logit regression confirmed that innovation factors play a crucial role in high growth rates. The findings suggest that less-developed regions can break out of path dependency by increasing their shares of high-tech industries and employment in science and technology and boosting technology transfer, which usually involves changing and improving their innovation models.
Crystal structure of 2-amino-4-(4-bromophenyl)-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile, C16H13BrN2O2
Authors: Yu Yuanyuan 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
C16H13BrN2O2, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 13.9109(14) Å, b = 11.1819(6) Å, c = 19.533(3) Å, β = 109.162(14)°, V = 2870.0(5) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0413, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0957, T = 293(2) K.
Deconvolution of alpha spectra from air filters applied for measurements of the short-lived radon progeny concentration
Authors: Skubacz Krystian 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The paper contains a description of a method for the analysis of the complex alpha spectra generated during the measurement of the activity of filters outside of a vacuum chamber under environmental conditions. The peaks corresponding to the energies of alpha particles emitted by the specific isotopes are particularly large on the low-energy side of the peak maximum, and the energy resolution strongly depended on the applied filters. The analysis was based on the non-linear regression to a function designed for four, six and eight parameters. Satisfactory results were obtained for each of these functions, and the best-fitting results were achieved for the eight-parameter function. In addition, the uncertainties related to the estimated parameters, as well as the signals corresponding to functions that describe the shape of the energy peak, have been evaluated. There are also examples of the implementation of the method with respect to short-lived radon progeny and thoron decay products.
The Dramatic Arc of the Theory of FSP: A Tentative Diachronic Excursion
Authors: Adam Martin 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The theory of functional sentence perspective (FSP) and its research methods have been considered one of the prominent tools of discourse analysis and information processing. It is widely known that, combining the approaches adopted both by formalists and functionalists, the theory of FSP draws on the findings presented by the scholars of the Prague Circle. The father of FSP himself - Jan Firbas - drew on the findings of his predecessor, Vilem Mathesius, who formulated the basic principles of what was to be labelled FSP only later. Apart from the principal FSP representatives and more recent followers (as a rule associated with Prague or Brno universities), this homage paper overviews somewhat less familiar - yet significant - pioneers in the field of theories of information structure, viz. Henri Weil, Samuel Brassai, Georg von der Gabelentz and Anton Marty. It will discuss some of their writings and achievements that were forming (and inspiring) the theory of FSP.
Movement Features Which Describe the Flat Bench Press
Authors: Król Henryk , Garbaciak Bartłomiej 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Introduction. In sport technique studies, motion features can be useful as they have a certain defined measure [1]. In this work, we examined the following three features: the structure of the movement (all the characteristics of the movement), the fluency of the movement, and the rhythm of the movement. The aim of the study was to determine the usefulness of the selected movement features in the evaluation of the flat bench press. The protocol of the study included a flat bench press with free weights and a “touch-and-go” technique. Material and methods. The study involved twenty healthy men; however, only two were selected for analysis. The first subject was a 25-year-old powerlifter (body mass = 95 kg; body height = 182 cm; 1-RM in flat bench press = 145 kg). The second one was a 25-year-old bodybuilder (body mass = 77 kg; body height = 175 cm; 1-RM in flat bench press = 100 kg). The subjects performed consecutive sets of a single repetition of flat bench pressing with an increasing load (70, 80, 90, and 100% 1-RM, with the anticipated maximum weight), until the completion of one repetition maximum. Multidimensional movement analysis was made with the measuring system Smart-E (BTS, Italy), which consisted of six infrared cameras (120 Hz) and a wireless module to measure muscle bioelectric activity (Pocket EMG). Results. It was demonstrated that the internal structure of the bench press performed by the bodybuilder and the powerlifter was different. As the time-history of barbell kinematics (the acceleration-time curve) showed, with increased loading of the barbell, the rhythm of the flat bench press changed, and the fluidity of the movement worsened.
Evaluation of Changes in the Parameters of Body Stability in the Participants of a Nine-Day Snowboarding Course
Authors: Staniszewski Michał , Zybko Przemysław , Wiszomirska Ida 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIntroduction. Snowboarding is a sports discipline in which postural control is key to achieving an effective technique. The body is positioned sideways on the snowboard, with only the head facing forward. This study evaluated the effect of several days of intense snowboarding on the parameters of static and dynamic body stability in persons with different levels of skill. Material and methods. A nine-day snowboarding course was designed and conducted with beginner (N = 16) and advanced snowboarders (N = 14) in the mountains in winter. Before and after the course, dynamic body stability was measured on a Biodex Balance System (USA) platform with an unstable surface, and static body stability was measured on a FreeMed Sensor Medica (Italy) stabilometric platform. Results. Measurements on an unstable surface showed significantly weaker (p < 0.01) values of body stability in a lateral stance in the snowboarding stance than in a forward stance and a significant (p < 0.05) improvement in performance after the course. On a stable surface, the improvement in performance (p < 0.05) occurred only among the beginners, in the snowboard basic position. Conclusions. The results confirm that snowboarding, or continuous unstable balance, improves postural control, which leads to the conclusion that the lateral stance on the snowboard is a clearly disruptive factor in natural postural control. This constitutes a considerable difficulty, especially for beginners, who in addition to learning new technical skills, must adapt to continuously shifting balance.
Selected Coordination Motor Abilities of Students of the University of Physical Education During Survival Training
Authors: Tomczak Andrzej , Różański Paweł , Jówko Ewa 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Introduction. Taking up emergency actions when fighting various types of natural disasters requires appropriate psychophysical preparation. Thanks to the development of technique, coordination motor abilities have gained greater importance than physical strength and endurance in such activities. The purpose of the present work was to assess the impact of 36 hours of survival activities and sleep deprivation on selected coordination motor abilities in students of the University of Physical Education. Material and methods. The study involved 12 male students of the University of Physical Education in Warsaw, specialising in “Physical Education in Uniformed Services”. The age of the participants was 21.0 ± 0.74 years, their body height was 179.5 ± 5.6 cm, and their body mass was 74.6 ± 8.0 kg. The assessment was performed based on the following coordination motor ability tests: a test measuring the differentiation of the use of forearm muscle strength, a running motor adjustment test, and a measurement of divided attention. A test involving shooting from a pneumatic gun and a measurement of the maximal force of the forearm were also carried out. Tests and trials were conducted before training (P1), after 24 hours of training (P2), after completing the training - that is after 36 hours of training (P3), and after 12 hours of rest (P4). During the training, the participants completed 12 km on foot, paddled for approximately 6 hours, rowed kayaks for about 4 hours, and performed survival tasks. Results. The analysis of the results of the study of maximal force and the ability to differentiate forearm muscle strength showed that the forearm muscle strength remained at the same level during the entire training. The ability to differentiate forearm muscle strength deteriorated after night training. There were no statistically significant differences in the results of the running motor adjustment tests and in shooting performance between individual measurements. Conclusions. Participation in long-term survival training with very low intensity, combined with sleep deprivation, caused a temporary deterioration in the ability to differentiate forearm muscle strength. This may indicate that people involved in rescue operations during which the psychophysical load is small will be able to perform tasks correctly for a long time.