bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Situ Growth of Sn‐Doped Ni3S2 Nanosheets on Ni Foam as High‐Performance Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Yu Jing , Ma Fei‐Xiang , Du Yue , Wang Pan‐Pan , Xu Cheng‐Yan , Zhen Liang 
Published: December 2016

AbstractNickel sulfides have been widely employed as high‐performance electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with high activity and low cost, and their performance could be tremendously promoted by elaborate design. Herein, we report a simple solvothermal route for the in situ growth of a three‐dimensional network structure of Sn‐doped Ni3S2, assembled by using ultrathin nanosheets on Ni foam. The ultrathin nanosheets with thicknesses of approximately 5–9 nm could provide more exposed active edges and a shorter electron transfer path. The Sn‐doped sample exhibited efficient and durable electrocatalytic HER activity both in acid and alkaline conditions, much better than that of undoped Ni3S2 nanorods. Nyquist plots indicated that the electrochemical impendence reduced with the introduction of elemental Sn, which was another critical factor for the enhanced catalytic performance.
Electrochemical Aspects of Mass Spectrometry: Atmospheric Pressure Ionization and Ambient Ionization for Bioanalysis
Authors: Yuill Elizabeth M. , Baker Lane A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis MiniReview details the evolution and present state of combined electrochemical (EC) and atmospheric pressure sampling/ionization mass spectrometric (MS) techniques, with an emphasis on biologically relevant investigations. Particular attention is paid to how innate EC processes can be exploited to gain additional information about an analyte, and how these effects influence experimental design. A general overview of EC‐MS techniques underscores the complementary nature of the two techniques.
Preparation of high quality Microgranulate CrO3 based on green process design
Authors: Cui Wenwen , Li Ping , Chen Yongan , Liu Chuang , Zhang Hailin , Wang Shulei , Wang Hongyan , Zheng Shili , Zhang Yi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA mild crystallization process was proposed to prepare chromium trioxide (CrO3) by reaction between K2Cr2O7 and HNO3 aqueous solutions. Through ICP, XRPD, SEM, and EDS analysis, key factors and mechanisms that influenced the preparation of CrO3 were studied. Large spherical particles of CrO3 (d50 ≥ 300 µm) with high purity (CrO3 ≥ 0.99 g/g, K ≤ 2 mg/g) were prepared when the initial concentration of K2Cr2O7 was kept at 80 g/100 mL HNO3, the acid feeding rate and the cooling rate were set at 1 mL · min−1 and 0.1 °C · min−1, respectively, and the direct recovery of Cr6+ was up to more than 95 %. Kinetic analysis indicated that low nucleation rate and high growth rate would favour the increase of CrO3 particle size in this process. As a high‐valued byproduct, Cr(VI)‐free KNO3 was further prepared with the designed crystallization steps. Additionally, green characteristics of the process were also discussed.
A Mild and Rapid Synthesis of (Z)‐β‐Sulfonyl Enoates from Sodium Sulfinates and Propargyl Esters
Authors: Jiang Jun , Zou Huaxu , Yi Niannian , Wang Ruijia , Zhang Hao , Lan Lixin , Xiang Jiannan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWater‐promoted sulfonylation of propargyl esters leading to highly regioselective and stereoselective formation of (Z)‐β‐sulfonyl enoates in excellent yields, by a simple, mild, rapid and environmentally benign reaction procedure is reported.
Metal NHC Complexes with Naphthalimide Ligands as DNA‐Interacting Antiproliferative Agents
Authors: Streciwilk Wojciech , Terenzi Alessio , Misgeld Rainer , Frias Corazon , Jones Peter G. , Prokop Aram , Keppler Bernhard K. , Ott Ingo 
Published: December 2016

AbstractNaphthalimide‐based N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes of the type [(1,5‐cyclooctadiene)(NHC)RhCl)] (4 a–c), [(p‐cymene)(NHC)RuCl2)] (5 a–c), and [(NHC)CuBr] (6 a–c) were synthesized and investigated as antiproliferative agents that target DNA. The cytotoxic effects were largely driven by the naphthalimide structure, which is a DNA‐intercalating moiety. Regarding the metal center, the highest activities were observed with the rhodium complexes, and cytotoxic activity was significantly lower for the ruthenium derivatives. The stable coordination of the NHC ligands of selected complexes 4 b and 5 b in solution was confirmed, and their DNA binding properties were studied by UV/Vis spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and circular dichroism. Stable intercalative binding into the DNA for all selected naphthalimide‐based complexes is indicated by high DNA binding constants. Particularly efficient binding was observed in the case of the rhodium complex 4 b. More detailed biological studies on 4 b showed promising activities against multidrug‐resistant Nalm‐6 cells and confirmed an important role for mitochondrial pathways in 4 b‐induced apoptosis.
The organization of frequency and binaural cues in the gerbil inferior colliculus
Authors: Graña Gilberto David , Hutson Kendall A. , Badea Alexandra , Pappa Andrew , Scott William , Fitzpatrick Douglas C. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe inferior colliculus (IC) is the common target of separate pathways that transmit different types of auditory information. Beyond tonotopy, little is known about the organization of response properties within the 3‐dimensional layout of the auditory midbrain in most species. Through study of interaural time difference (ITD) processing, the functional properties of neurons can be readily characterized and related to specific pathways. To characterize the representation of ITDs relative to the frequency and hodological organization of the IC, the properties of neurons were recorded and the sites recovered histologically. Subdivisions of the IC were identified based on cytochrome oxidase (CO) histochemistry. The results were plotted within a framework formed by an MRI atlas of the gerbil brain. The central nucleus was composed of two parts, and lateral and dorsal cortical areas were identified. The lateral part of the central nucleus had the highest CO activity in the IC and a high proportion of neurons sensitive to ITDs. The medial portion had lower CO activity and fewer ITD‐sensitive neurons. A common tonotopy with a dorsolateral to ventromedial gradient of low to high frequencies spanned the two regions. The distribution of physiological responses was in close agreement with known patterns of ascending inputs. An understanding of the 3‐dimensional organization of the IC is needed to specify how the single tonotopic representation in the IC central nucleus leads to the multiple tonotopic representations in core areas of the auditory cortex.
Detection and prevention of spam over Internet telephony in Voice over Internet Protocol networks using Markov chain with incremental SVM
Authors: Vennila G. , Manikandan M. S. K. , Suresh M. N. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThis paper is mainly focused on the detection and prevention of the spammers such as telemarketing callers in Voice over Internet Protocol networks. The existing spam over Internet telephony (SPIT) detection mechanisms use call characteristics features such as reputation rate, call rejection rate, and user feedback that might increase the computation overhead and communication overhead. In this paper, a 2‐tier model is proposed and implemented for detecting, preventing, and mitigating SPIT callers. The 2‐tier model consists of a Markov chain (MC) and an incremental support vector machine (ISVM). The MC, in the first tier, detects the telemarketing callers, whereas the ISVM classifier in the second tier segregates these callers from the legitimate users. Also, the ISVM gradually mitigates the arrival of telemarketing callers at the recipient side. The performance of the proposed MC‐ISVM classifier is tested using an experimental test bed, and the results show that the 2‐tier model reports a promising blockage probability rate of 0.9 against spammers with a false positive rate of less than 0.01.
Is xenodontine snake reproduction shaped by ancestry, more than by ecology?
Authors: Bellini Gisela P. , Arzamendia Vanesa , Giraudo Alejandro R. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractOne of the current challenges of evolutionary ecology is to understand the effects of phylogenetic history (PH) and/or ecological factors (EF) on the life‐history traits of the species. Here, the effects of environment and phylogeny are tested for the first time on the reproductive biology of South American xenodontine snakes. We studied 60% of the tribes of this endemic and most representative clade in a temperate region of South America. A comparative method (canonical phylogenetic ordination—CPO) was used to find the relative contributions of EF and PH upon life‐history aspects of snakes, comparing the reproductive mode, mean fecundity, reproductive potential, and frequency of nearly 1,000 specimens. CPO analysis showed that PH or ancestry explained most of the variation in reproduction, whereas EF explained little of this variation. The reproductive traits under study are suggested to have a strong phylogenetic signal in this clade, the ancestry playing a big role in reproduction. The EF also influenced the reproduction of South American xenodontines, although to a lesser extent. Our finding provides new evidence of how the evolutionary history is embodied in the traits of living species.
Calling at the highway: The spatiotemporal constraint of road noise on Pacific chorus frog communication
Authors: Nelson Danielle V. , Klinck Holger , Carbaugh‐Rutland Alexander , Mathis Codey L. , Morzillo Anita T. , Garcia Tiffany S. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractLoss of acoustic habitat due to anthropogenic noise is a key environmental stressor for vocal amphibian species, a taxonomic group that is experiencing global population declines. The Pacific chorus frog (Pseudacris regilla) is the most common vocal species of the Pacific Northwest and can occupy human‐dominated habitat types, including agricultural and urban wetlands. This species is exposed to anthropogenic noise, which can interfere with vocalizations during the breeding season. We hypothesized that Pacific chorus frogs would alter the spatial and temporal structure of their breeding vocalizations in response to road noise, a widespread anthropogenic stressor. We compared Pacific chorus frog call structure and ambient road noise levels along a gradient of road noise exposures in the Willamette Valley, Oregon, USA. We used both passive acoustic monitoring and directional recordings to determine source level (i.e., amplitude or volume), dominant frequency (i.e., pitch), call duration, and call rate of individual frogs and to quantify ambient road noise levels. Pacific chorus frogs were unable to change their vocalizations to compensate for road noise. A model of the active space and time (“spatiotemporal communication”) over which a Pacific chorus frog vocalization could be heard revealed that in high‐noise habitats, spatiotemporal communication was drastically reduced for an individual. This may have implications for the reproductive success of this species, which relies on specific call repertoires to portray relative fitness and attract mates. Using the acoustic call parameters defined by this study (frequency, source level, call rate, and call duration), we developed a simplified model of acoustic communication space–time for this species. This model can be used in combination with models that determine the insertion loss for various acoustic barriers to define the impact of anthropogenic noise on the radius of communication in threatened species. Additionally, this model can be applied to other vocal taxonomic groups provided the necessary acoustic parameters are determined, including the frequency parameters and perception thresholds. Reduction in acoustic habitat by anthropogenic noise may emerge as a compounding environmental stressor for an already sensitive taxonomic group.
Global ecological success of Thalassoma fishes in extreme coral reef habitats
Authors: Fulton Christopher J. , Wainwright Peter C. , Hoey Andrew S. , Bellwood David R. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPhenotypic adaptations can allow organisms to relax abiotic selection and facilitate their ecological success in challenging habitats, yet we have relatively little data for the prevalence of this phenomenon at macroecological scales. Using data on the relative abundance of coral reef wrasses and parrotfishes (f. Labridae) spread across three ocean basins and the Red Sea, we reveal the consistent global dominance of extreme wave‐swept habitats by fishes in the genus Thalassoma, with abundances up to 15 times higher than any other labrid. A key locomotor modification—a winged pectoral fin that facilitates efficient underwater flight in high‐flow environments—is likely to have underpinned this global success, as numerical dominance by Thalassoma was contingent upon the presence of high‐intensity wave energy. The ecological success of the most abundant species also varied with species richness and the presence of congeneric competitors. While several fish taxa have independently evolved winged pectoral fins, Thalassoma appears to have combined efficient high‐speed swimming (to relax abiotic selection) with trophic versatility (to maximize exploitation of rich resources) to exploit and dominate extreme coral reef habitats around the world.
Effects of temperature on transcriptome and cuticular hydrocarbon expression in ecologically differentiated populations of desert Drosophila
Authors: Etges William J. , de Oliveira Cássia C. , Rajpurohit Subhash , Gibbs Allen G. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe assessed the effects of temperature differences on gene expression using whole‐transcriptome microarrays and cuticular hydrocarbon variation in populations of cactophilic Drosophila mojavensis. Four populations from Baja California and mainland Mexico and Arizona were each reared on two different host cacti, reared to sexual maturity on laboratory media, and adults were exposed for 12 hr to 15, 25, or 35°C. Temperature differences influenced the expression of 3,294 genes, while population differences and host plants affected >2,400 each in adult flies. Enriched, functionally related groups of genes whose expression changed at high temperatures included heat response genes, as well as genes affecting chromatin structure. Gene expression differences between mainland and peninsular populations included genes involved in metabolism of secondary compounds, mitochondrial activity, and tRNA synthases. Flies reared on the ancestral host plant, pitaya agria cactus, showed upregulation of genes involved in metabolism, while flies reared on organ pipe cactus had higher expression of DNA repair and chromatin remodeling genes. Population × environment (G × E) interactions had widespread effects on the transcriptome where population × temperature interactions affected the expression of >5,000 orthologs, and there were >4,000 orthologs that showed temperature × host plant interactions. Adults exposed to 35°C had lower amounts of most cuticular hydrocarbons than those exposed to 15 or 25°C, including abundant unsaturated alkadienes. For insects adapted to different host plants and climatic regimes, our results suggest that temperature shifts associated with climate change have large and significant effects on transcriptomes of genetically differentiated natural populations.
Residual slip of sliding blocks induced by near‐fault ground motions
Authors: Meza Fajardo Kristel C. , Papageorgiou Apostolos S. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThe response of a rigid block supported on a horizontally moving foundation through a dry‐friction contact is investigated to near‐fault ground motions. Such motions can be thought of as consisting of a coherent component (‘pulse’) and an incoherent component, which can be described as a band‐limited ‘random noise’. The equation of motion of this strongly nonlinear system is reduced to a normalized form that reveals important parameters of the problem such as the critical acceleration ratio. The response of the sliding block to a set of uniformly processed near‐fault motions, covering a sufficiently wide range of magnitudes, is evaluated numerically for selected discrete values of the acceleration ratio. For each value of the critical acceleration ratio, the numerically computed residual slips are fitted with a Weibull (Gumbel type III) extreme value probability distribution. This allows the establishment of regression equations that describe accurately design sliding curves corresponding to various levels of non‐exceedance probability. The analysis reveals that the coherent component of motion contributes significantly to the response of the sliding block. Furthermore, the relevant acceleration in specifying the critical acceleration ratio is the (normalized) amplitude, αH_pulse, of the pulse and not the (normalized) amplitude of the incoherent component αH. Finally, the incoherent component is described quantitatively in terms of the root‐mean‐square acceleration aRMS, and an attempt is made to understand its influence on the response of the sliding block. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organocatalyzed synthesis of functionalized vinylphosphonates in water
Authors: Seingeot Adeline , Charmasson Yolande , Attolini Mireille , Maffei Michel 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe reaction between diethyl(α‐acetoxymethyl)vinylphosphonate 1 and nitrogen‐ or sulfur‐based nucleophiles occurs easily at room temperature in water as a solvent in the presence of 1,4‐diazabicyclo [2.2.1]octane (DABCO) as an organocatalyst. This simple procedure enables the synthesis of nitrogen‐ and sulfur substituted vinylphosphonates, and also allows a convenient use of water‐soluble salts as nucleophiles.
PREDICTORS OF INFANT AND TODDLER BLACK BOYS’ EARLY LEARNING: SEIZING OPPORTUNITIES AND MINIMIZING RISKS
Authors: Iruka Iheoma U. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTUsing the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort (ECLS‐B) data set (U.S. Department of Education Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, 2001), this study examined child, family, and community factors in the early years (infant and toddler years) to predict the cognitive and language outcomes for preschool‐age Black boys in relation to Black girls and White boys. Findings indicate that Black children face many challenges, with Black boys experiencing less sensitive parenting as compared to their peers. We live in a highly complex, racialized environment. While there are universal indicators that predict children's preschool outcomes such as strong social positioning and positive parenting, there are, in addition, some indicators that are more beneficial for Black boys’ early development, including a stable, less urban home environment with parents engaging in “tough love.”
Phenotypic assays for analyses of pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes
Authors: Pesl Martin , Pribyl Jan , Caluori Guido , Cmiel Vratislav , Acimovic Ivana , Jelinkova Sarka , Dvorak Petr , Starek Zdenek , Skladal Petr , Rotrekl Vladimir 
Published: December 2016

AbstractStem cell–derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) hold great hopes for myocardium regeneration because of their ability to produce functional cardiac cells in large quantities. They also hold promise in dissecting the molecular principles involved in heart diseases and also in drug development, owing to their ability to model the diseases using patient‐specific human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)–derived CMs. The CM properties essential for the desired applications are frequently evaluated through morphologic and genotypic screenings. Even though these characterizations are necessary, they cannot in principle guarantee the CM functionality and their drug response. The CM functional characteristics can be quantified by phenotype assays, including electrophysiological, optical, and/or mechanical approaches implemented in the past decades, especially when used to investigate responses of the CMs to known stimuli (eg, adrenergic stimulation). Such methods can be used to indirectly determine the electrochemomechanics of the cardiac excitation‐contraction coupling, which determines important functional properties of the hPSC‐derived CMs, such as their differentiation efficacy, their maturation level, and their functionality. In this work, we aim to systematically review the techniques and methodologies implemented in the phenotype characterization of hPSC‐derived CMs. Further, we introduce a novel approach combining atomic force microscopy, fluorescent microscopy, and external electrophysiology through microelectrode arrays. We demonstrate that this novel method can be used to gain unique information on the complex excitation‐contraction coupling dynamics of the hPSC‐derived CMs.
PPI‐G4 Glycodendrimers Upregulate TRAIL‐Induced Apoptosis in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells
Authors: Franiak‐Pietryga Ida , Ostrowska Kinga , Maciejewski Henryk , Appelhans Dietmar , Misiewicz Małgorzata , Ziemba Barbara , Bednarek Michał , Bryszewska Maria , Borowiec Maciej 
Published: December 2016

Although chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common adult leukemia in Western world, it remains incurable with conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) is an antitumor candidate in cancer therapy. This study examines the proapoptotic effects of poly(propylene imine) (PPI) glycodendrimers modified with the maltotriose residues (PPI‐G4‐OS‐Mal‐III and PPI‐G4‐DS‐Mal‐III) on the TNF family in CLL cells. The combination of an understanding of the signaling pathways associated with CLL and the development of a molecular profiling is a key issue for the design of personalized approaches to therapy. Gene expression is determined with two‐color microarray 8 × 60K. The findings indicate that PPI‐G4‐OS/DS‐Mal‐III affect gene expression from the TRAIL apoptotic pathway and exert a strong effect on CLL cells comparable with fludarabine. Dendrimer‐targeted technology may well prove to bridge the gap between the ineffective treatment of today and the effective personalized therapy of the future.
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AIE Polymers: Synthesis, Properties, and Biological Applications
Authors: Zhan Ruoyu , Pan Yutong , Manghnani Purnima Naresh , Liu Bin 
Published: December 2016

Aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) is a general phenomenon that is faced by traditional fluorescent polymers. Aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) is exactly opposite to ACQ. AIE molecules are almost nonemissive in their molecularly dissolved state, but they can be induced to show high fluorescence in the aggregated or solid state. Incorporation of AIE phenomenon into polymer design has yielded various polymers with AIE characteristics. In this review, the recent progress of AIE polymers for biological applications is summarized.
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