bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics‐based adherence measures for antiretroviral therapy in HIV‐infected Kenyan children
Authors: Tu Wanzhu , Nyandiko Winstone M , Liu Hai , Slaven James E , Scanlon Michael L , Ayaya Samuel O , Vreeman Rachel C 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackground: Traditional medication adherence measures do not account for the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of the drugs, potentially misrepresenting true therapeutic exposure.Methods: In a population of HIV‐infected Kenyan children on antiretroviral therapy including nevirapine (NVP), we used a one‐compartment model with previously established PK parameters and Medication Event Monitoring Systems (MEMS®)‐recorded dosing times to estimate the mean plasma concentration of NVP (Cp) in individual patients during 1 month of follow‐up. Intended NVP concentration (Cp’) was calculated under a perfectly followed dosing regimen and frequency. The ratio between the two (R = Cp/Cp’) characterized the patient's NVP exposure as compared to intended level. Smaller R values indicated poorer adherence. We validated R by evaluating its association with MEMS®‐defined adherence, CD4%, and spot‐check NVP plasma concentrations assessed at 1 month.Results: In data from 152 children (82 female), children were mean age 7.7 years (range 1.5–14.9) and on NVP an average of 2.2 years. Mean MEMS® adherence was 79%. The mean value of R was 1.11 (SD 0.37). R was positively associated with MEMS® adherence (p < 0.0001), and lower‐than‐median R values were significantly associated with lower NVP drug concentrations (p = 0.0018) and lower CD4% (p = 0.0178), confirming a smaller R value showed poorer adherence.Conclusion: The proposed adherence measures, R, captured patient drug‐taking behaviours and PK properties.
“Now that you are circumcised, you cannot have first sex with your wife”: post circumcision sexual behaviours and beliefs among men in Wakiso district, Uganda
Authors: Kibira Simon Peter Sebina , Atuyambe Lynn Muhimbuura , Sandøy Ingvild Fossgard , Makumbi Fredrick Edward , Daniel Marguerite 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIntroduction: Safe male circumcision is an important biomedical intervention in the comprehensive HIV prevention programmes implemented in 14 sub‐Saharan African countries with high HIV prevalence. To sustain its partial protective benefit, it is important that perceived reduced HIV risk does not lead to behavioural risk compensation among circumcised men and their sexual partners. This study explored beliefs that may influence post circumcision sexual behaviours among circumcised men in a programme setting.Methods: Forty‐eight in‐depth interviews were conducted with newly circumcised men in Wakiso district, central Uganda. Twenty‐five men seeking circumcision services at public health facilities in the district were recruited from May to June 2015 and, interviewed at baseline and after 6 months. Participants’ beliefs and sexual behaviours were compared just after circumcision and at follow up to explore changes. Data were managed using atlas.ti7 and analysed following a thematic network analysis framework.Results: Four themes following safe male circumcision emerged from this study. Beliefs related to: (1) sexual cleansing, (2) healing, (3) post SMC sexual capabilities and (4) continued HIV transmission risk. Most men maintained or adopted safer sexual behaviour; being faithful to their partner after circumcision or using condoms with extramarital partners following the knowledge that there was continued HIV risk post circumcision. The most prevalent risky belief was regarding sexual cleansing post circumcision, and as a result of this belief, some men had one off condom‐less sexual intercourse with a casual partner. Some resumed sex before the recommended period due to misunderstanding of what comprised healing.Conclusions: Although most men maintained or adopted safer sexual behaviour, there were instances of risky sexual behaviour resulting from beliefs regarding the first sexual intercourse after circumcision or misunderstandings of what comprised wound healing. If not addressed, these may attenuate the safe male circumcision benefits of risk reduction for HIV.
Methanol as a Hydrogen Source in the PdII−Bis(N‐Heterocyclic Carbene)‐Mediated Catalytic Semireduction of Alkynes Under Mild Reaction Conditions
Authors: Prabusankar Ganesan , Sathyanarayana Arruri , Raju Gembali , Nagababu Chatla 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA series of six new mono‐organopalladium complexes of the form [LPdX2] (L=1,2‐bis[(N‐methylimidazol‐2‐ylidene)methyl]ethane (6), 1,2‐bis[(N‐vinylimidazol‐2‐ylidene)methyl]ethane (7), 1,2‐bis[(N‐isopropylimidazol‐2‐ylidene)methyl]ethane (8), 1,2‐bis[(N‐2,6‐dimethylphenylimidazol‐2‐ylidene)methyl]ethane (9), 1,2‐bis[(N‐4‐ethyl benzoate imidazol‐2‐ylidene)methyl]ethane (10), 4,5‐bis[(N‐isopropylimidazol‐2‐ylidene)methyl]acridine (11); X=Br for complexes 6–9 and 11, X=Cl for complex 10) were synthesized and characterized by using FTIR spectroscopy, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X‐ray crystallography. In the solid state, complexes 6–11 were of neutral charge and each contained one bis(NHC) ligand (L) and two halide ligands in an almost‐ideal square‐planar geometry. These molecules were catalytically competent for the semihydrogenation of diphenylacetylene. Notably, MeOH was used as a hydrogen source in catalytic processes for the first time. Among these six new catalysts, the acridine‐bridged palladium−bis(N‐heterocyclic carbene) complex gave excellent selectivity for the formation of Z alkenes from internal alkynes. A range of 15 different alkynes were tested under our optimized conditions and the reactions all proceeded with very high diastereoselectivities under mild conditions.
A simplified chemorheological model of viscosity evolution for solvent containing resol resin in RTM process
Authors: Yi Xiaolin , Kuang Xiao , Kong Lei , Dong Xia , Feng Zhihai , Wang Dujin 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThe solvent content‐dependent chemorheology of the solvent containing resol resin for resin transfer molding (RTM) was investigated. The curing behavior of the resol resin was studied by in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy together with rheology tests. The chemorheological behavior of resol resins with a series of solvent contents was measured under isothermal conditions. The four parameters of empirical dual‐Arrhenius equation regarding isothermal resin viscosity and reaction rate constant were found to be functions of the solvent content. A simplified chemorheological model involving only three parameters of curing temperature, time, and solvent content was first established to facilely describe the viscosity during precuring process. The simulated viscosity results during isothermal curing process agreed well with the experimental data which shows the simplified chemorheological model can be utilized to describe the viscosity evolution and offer guidance for optimizing the injection process and improving the design flexibility of RTM process. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45282.
In situ doping of PANI nanocomposites by gold nanoparticles for high‐performance electrochemical energy storage
Authors: Tan Yongtao , Liu Yuansen , Kong Lingbin , Kang Long , Xu Changan , Ran Fen 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTPolyaniline (PANI) in situ doped with gold nanoparticles (Au/PANI) is synthesized by oxidative polymerization as electrode material for supercapacitor. The morphologies and structure of the obtained products are characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; and electrochemical behaviors were measured by electrochemical workstation. The results show that the nanocomposites of Au/PANI are fabricated with gold nanoparticles (nano‐Au) dispersed well in PANI bulk; and specific capacitance (SC) and rate ability of Au/PANI are improved compared to the pristine PANI due to the introduction of nano‐Au. With nano‐Au content increasing, SC first increase and then decrease and the maximum SC of Au/PANI nanocomposite is up to 462 F g−1 with the nano‐Au content of 1.64 wt %. Finally, both asymmetric and symmetric supercapacitor devices are assembled, exhibiting high energy densities of 8.95 and 4.17 Wh kg−1, respectively. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45309.
Do ad metaphors enhance or dilute the consumers' brand preferences? Exploring the moderating role of goal orientation
Authors: Kao Danny Tengti , Zhang Lei , Yu Annie Pei‐I , Wu Pei‐Hsun 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis research aims to explore the impacts of ad metaphors and goal orientation on the relationship between brand commitment and attitudes toward the competitor brands. Results show that prevention‐focused consumers with high brand commitment do not exhibit differentially favorable attitudes toward the competitor brands, regardless of ad metaphors. In contrast, prevention‐focused consumers with low brand commitment exhibit more favorable attitudes toward competitor brands advocated by highly metaphorical ads than those advocated by low metaphorical ads. Moreover, promotion‐focused consumers exhibit more favorable attitudes toward competitor brands advocated by highly metaphorical ads than those advocated by low metaphorical ads, regardless of brand commitment.
New Prenylated ortho‐Dihydroxycoumarins from the Fruits of Ficus nipponica
Authors: Akihara Yui , Ohta Emi , Nehira Tatsuo , Ômura Hisashi , Ohta Shinji 
Published: June 2017

Two new prenylated ortho‐dihydroxycoumarins, designated fipsomin (1) and fipsotwin (2), were isolated from the fruits of Ficus nipponica together with a known prenylated coumarin, apigravin (3). Their structures were established by spectroscopic data and X‐ray crystallographic analysis. Compound 1 exhibited antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis with an MIC value of 61 μm, while 2 and 3 showed very weak activity.
Menopause transition promotes distinct modulation of mRNAs and miRNAs expression in calvaria and bone marrow osteoblastic cells
Authors: Semeghini Mayara Sgarbi , de Azevedo Fernanda Grilo , Fernandes Roger Rodrigo , Assis Amanda Freire , Dernowsek Janaína Andrea , Rosa Adalberto Luiz , Siéssere Selma , Passos Geraldo Aleixo , Bombonato‐Prado Karina Fittipaldi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractInvestigation on functional genome research may contribute to the knowledge of functional roles of different mRNAs and miRNAs in bone cells of osteoporotic animals. Currently, few studies indicate the changes in gene modulation that osteoporosis causes in osteoblastic cells from different sites. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to evaluate cell viability, alkaline phosphatase activity and modulation of mRNAs/miRNAs in osteoblastic cells from calvaria and bone marrow by means of microarray technology. Wistar female rats were divided in sham operated and ovariectomized groups. After 150 days of ovariectomy, cells were isolated from both sites to perform cell culture. Results showed that calvaria cells from ovariectomized rats had a decrease in viability when compared to control groups and to bone marrow cells from osteoporotic rats after 3 days. Alkaline phosphatase activity decreased in calvaria cells from ovariectomized rats whereas it was increased in bone marrow osteoblastic cells in the same group. Microarray data analysis showed 5447 differentially expressed mRNAs and 82 differentially expressed miRNAs in calvaria cells. The same way, 4399 mRNAs and 54 miRNAs were expressed in bone marrow cells. mRNAs associated with bone metabolism such as Anxa5, Sp7, Spp1, Notch1 were distinctively modulated in both sites, as well as miRNAs such as miR‐350, miR‐542‐3p, miR‐204‐5p, and miR‐30e‐3p. The RNA species identified in this study could be further used as targets for treatment or prevention of osteoporosis.
Monodisperse Nano‐Fe3O4 on α‐Al2O3 Catalysts for Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis to Lower Olefins: Promoter and Size Effects
Authors: Yuan Yong , Huang Shouying , Wang Hongyu , Wang Yifan , Wang Jian , Lv Jing , Li Zhenhua , Ma Xinbin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe Fischer–Tropsch synthesis to lower olefins (FTO) is a desirable nonpetroleum‐based route to produce basic chemicals. A novel two‐step method was applied to synthesize iron‐based supported catalysts, which is to prepare nano‐Fe3O4 first by thermal decomposition method and sequentially load them on α‐Al2O3 by impregnation. TEM and XRD results manifested that the controllable, uniform Fe3O4 nanoparticles are monodispersed on the surface of α‐Al2O3. H2‐TPR demonstrated that the reduction of Fe species was facilitated because of the weak interaction between Fe species and the support. These superior properties contribute to an enhanced catalytic activity and stability compared with the catalyst prepared by directly impregnating ammonium iron citrate on α‐Al2O3. Then, the effect of promoters was investigated at the same Fe loading and nanoparticle size. The appropriate addition of K could enhance the catalytic activity and suppress the secondary hydrogenation. On the contrary, S has a negative impact on CO conversion and strongly decreases C5+ selectivity. Particularly, the combination of K and S could obtain more pronounced CO conversion and higher lower olefins selectivity (≈40 %). Furthermore, size effects were explored by precisely tailoring the iron oxide particle size with the Fe loading kept constant. It was found that 12.0 nm nano‐Fe3O4 on α‐Al2O3 with or without K plus S promoters showed the best catalytic activity among the catalysts with different particle size.
Biodiesel Production from Waste Frying Oil by Ultrasound‐Assisted Transesterification
Authors: Maceiras Rocio , Alfonsín Víctor , Cancela Ángeles , Sánchez Ángel 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe production of biodiesel as renewable, easily biodegradable, and nontoxic alternative to fossil fuels is expensive when it is derived from virgin vegetable oils. In this study, waste frying oil was used to produce biodiesel by ultrasound‐assisted transesterification. The reaction was carried out with methanol, and sodium hydroxide was used as catalyst. This method is an efficient, timesaving, and economically functional tool since the process can be carried out in a shorter reaction time, at lower temperature, and with a lower quantity of catalysts compared to other techniques. The biodiesel produced by this method was analyzed for its fatty acid methyl ester composition, density, moisture and volatile matter content, acid value, saponification value, iodine value, distillation curves, and cetane number.
Multilayer‐Cake WS2/C Nanocomposite as a High‐Performance Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: “Regular” and “Alternate”
Authors: Zou Jiaming , Liu Cheng , Yang Zhanxu , Qi Chengyuan , Wang Xiaorong , Qiao Qingdong , Wu Xian , Ren Tieqiang 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA multilayer‐cake WS2/C nanocomposite was successfully synthesized through an intercalation‐transformation method, in which few‐layered WS2 and carbon were sandwiched in an alternating sequence. As a benefit of the electronic conductivity enhanced by the interlayer carbon and the unique “regular” and “alternate” architecture, the WS2/C nanocomposite showed promising performance as an anode material for lithium‐ion batteries. The nanocomposite demonstrated a high capacity of 829.4 mAh⋅g−1 at 0.3 A⋅g−1 after 140 cycles and it could still deliver a stable capacity of about 326.8 mAh⋅g−1 at a current density of 8.0 A⋅g−1.
Design and Synthesis of a Series of Novel Mixed Borate and Carbonate Halides
Authors: Liu Lili , Yang Yun , Huang Junben , Dong Xiaoyu , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCombining different functional units together has been regarded as the most ideal strategy to design and synthesize new inorganic materials. Based on numerous experiments, it was possible to assemble three kinds of anion groups together and find a series of novel mixed borate and carbonate halides, Rb9[B4O5(OH)4]3(CO3)X⋅7 H2O (X=Cl, Br, and I) and K9[B4O5(OH)4]3(CO3)X⋅7 H2O (X=OH and I). Based on the structural template of these compounds, we also obtained the NaRb6[B4O5(OH)4]3X (X=OH, I) crystals through replacement of the CO3 group with the NaO6 octahedron, which results in the crystal structural changes from P
2c to R32. In addition, it has been confirmed that the replacement of the CO3 group by the alkali cation has an influence on the band gaps, according to the experimental results and theoretical calculations. Meanwhile, millimeter‐scale crystals of Rb9[B4O5(OH)4]3(CO3)I⋅7 H2O, K9[B4O5(OH)4]3(CO3)I⋅7 H2O, K9[B4O5(OH)4]3(CO3)OH⋅7 H2O and NaRb6[B4O5(OH)4]3OH were also obtained after adjusting their growing conditions.
Mesoporous Silica Scaffolds as Precursor to Drive the Formation of Hierarchical SAPO‐34 with Tunable Acid Properties
Authors: Miletto Ivana , Paul Geo , Chapman Stephanie , Gatti Giorgio , Marchese Leonardo , Raja Robert , Gianotti Enrica 
Published: June 2017

AbstractUsing a distinctive bottom‐up approach, a hierarchical silicoaluminophosphate, SAPO‐34, has been synthesized using cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) encapsulated within ordered mesoporous silica (MCM‐41) that serves as both the silicon source and mesoporogen. The structural and textural properties of the hierarchical SAPO‐34 were contrasted against its microporous analogue, and the nature, strength, and accessibility of the Brønsted acid sites were studied using a range of physicochemical characterization tools; notably probe‐based FTIR and solid‐state magic angle spinning (SS MAS) NMR spectroscopies. Whilst CO was used to study the acid properties of hierarchical SAPO‐34, bulkier molecular probes (including pyridine, 2,4,6‐trimethylpyridine and 2,6‐di‐tert‐butylpyridine) allowed particular insight into the enhanced accessibility of the acid sites. The activity of the hierarchical SAPO‐34 catalyst was evaluated in the industrially‐relevant, acid‐catalyzed Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime to ϵ‐caprolactam, under vapor‐phase conditions. These catalytic investigations revealed a significant enhancement in the yield of ϵ‐caprolactam using our hierarchical SAPO‐34 catalyst compared to SAPO‐34, MCM‐41, or a mechanical mixture of these two phases. The results highlight the merits of our design strategy for facilitating enhanced mass transfer, whilst retaining favorable acid site characteristics.
Identification of robust focus measure functions for the automated capturing of focused images from Ziehl–Neelsen stained sputum smear microscopy slide
Authors: Shah M.I. , Mishra S. , Sarkar M. , Rout C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCapturing of the best‐focused image using focus measure function (FMF) from a stack of images acquired at different focus distances is a crucial step in automatic microscopy development. Detection of bacilli present in Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN) stained sputum smears conventional microscope (CM) images is critical to disease diagnosis. Studies have revealed that the performances of FMFs are sensitive to image contents and background noise. In this article, 24 diverse FMFs were implemented on 31 stacks of CM's field of view images acquired from three different microscopes to determine the best‐focused one. Seven FMFs achieved the accuracies of greater than 90%. Accuracy, focus error, and false maxima were calculated for each FMF, and overall score and ranking were also calculated for better interpretation. Preprocessing techniques such as filtering and image distortions (noise, contrast, saturation, illumination, etc.) were performed to evaluate the robustness of every FMF. Gaussian derivative, steerable filters, Tenengrad, and Hemli and Scherer's mean FMFs were identified as the most robust and accurate functions with the accuracy >90%. These FMFs have a relatively less focus error and false maxima rate. Full widths at half maximum of these four FMFs were also computed to determine their efficacy for the optimization process. These four FMFs can be implemented for automated capturing of the image from ZN‐stained sputum smear slide. Gaussian derivative FMF can also be used effectively for both CM and fluorescence microscope's field of view image stacks to determine the best‐focused one from each stack. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Standardized high‐sensitivity flow cytometry testing for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria in children with acquired bone marrow failure disorders: A single center US study
Authors: Donohue Rachel E. , Marcogliese Andrea N. , Sasa Ghadir S. , Elghetany M. Tarek , Redkar Alka A. , Bertuch Alison A. , Curry Choladda V. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundParoxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare, acquired hematopoietic stem cell disorder that has not been well‐documented in children, particularly those with acquired bone marrow failure disorders (ABMFD)—acquired aplastic anemia (AAA) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Therefore, we sought to determine the prevalence of PNH populations in children with ABMFD.MethodsPNH testing was performed in children with an ABMFD diagnosis using high sensitivity (≥0.01%) fluorescent aerolysin (FLAER)‐based assay according to 2010 International Clinical Cytometry Society (ICCS) PNH Consensus Guidelines and 2012 Practical PNH Guidelines. FLAER/CD64/CD15/CD24/CD14/CD45 and CD235a/CD59 panels were used for white blood cell and red blood cell testing, respectively.ResultsThirty‐seven patients with ABMFD (34 AAA, 3 MDS) were included (17M/20F, age 2–18 years, median 9 years). PNH populations were identified in 17 of 37 (46%) patients. Of the 17 patients with PNH populations identified, 7 were PNH clones (>1% PNH population), and 10 had minor PNH population or rare cells with PNH phenotype (≤1% PNH population).ConclusionsThis is the first study to use a standardized high‐sensitivity FLAER‐based flow cytometry assay and the recommended cutoff of 0.01% to identify cells with PNH phenotype in pediatric patients with ABMFD in the United States. The identification of a PNH population in 46% of ABMFD supports the recommendation for high sensitivity PNH testing in children with these disorders. As a less sensitive assay using a cutoff of ≥ 1% PNH population would have missed 10 (27%) patients with minor PNH population or rare cells with PNH phenotype. © 2017 International Clinical Cytometry Society
On detecting TCP path saturation in LTE networks
Authors: Schulte Lennart , Boz Eren , Varis Nuutti , Manner Jukka 
Published: June 2017

SummaryA significant part of the data in mobile networks is transferred as bulk data with transmission control protocol (TCP) as apps or video downloads. When the video takes too long to start, users are more prone to abandon watching, which eventually leads to decreased revenue for the content provider. While it is widely known that TCP has performance issues in mobile networks, end‐to‐end measurement studies, especially based on real data, should be studied further.In this paper, we measure the efficiency of TCP in long term evolution (LTE) networks and provide an analysis on the reasons of unoptimal performance based on 235 000 measurements from deployed mobile networks. For this purpose, we propose an algorithm for LTE networks that detects the periods during a TCP connection where the path is saturated, ie, the network is the limiting factor. From this data, we find that TCP is a source for unoptimal performance, and assumed reasons from other papers are partly confirmed and partly refuted. Most importantly, we find that the amount of queueing on the path has significant impact on the achieved protocol performance. Lastly, we learn from the LTE experience and put the findings into a 5G context.