bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photogrammetric Analysis of Attractiveness in Indian Faces
Authors: Duggal Shveta , Kapoor DN , Verma Santosh , Sagar Mahesh , Lee Yung-Seop , Moon Hyoungjin , Rhee Seung Chul 
Published: March 2016

Background The objective of this study was to assess the attractive facial features of the Indian population. We tried to evaluate subjective ratings of facial attractiveness and identify which facial aesthetic subunits were important for facial attractiveness.
Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted of 150 samples (referred to as candidates). Frontal photographs were analyzed. An orthodontist, a prosthodontist, an oral surgeon, a dentist, an artist, a photographer and two laymen (estimators) subjectively evaluated candidates' faces using visual analog scale (VAS) scores. As an objective method for facial analysis, we used balanced angular proportional analysis (BAPA). Using SAS 10.1 (SAS Institute Inc.), the Turkey's studentized range test and Pearson correlation analysis were performed to detect between-group differences in VAS scores (Experiment 1), to identify correlations between VAS scores and BAPA scores (Experiment 2), and to analyze the characteristic features of facial attractiveness and gender differences (Experiment 3); the significance level was set at P=0.05.
Results Experiment 1 revealed some differences in VAS scores according to professional characteristics. In Experiment 2, BAPA scores were found to behave similarly to subjective ratings of facial beauty, but showed a relatively weak correlation coefficient with the VAS scores. Experiment 3 found that the decisive factors for facial attractiveness were different for men and women. Composite images of attractive Indian male and female faces were constructed.
Conclusions Our photogrammetric study, statistical analysis, and average composite faces of an Indian population provide valuable information about subjective perceptions of facial beauty and attractive facial structures in the Indian population.
Ten Years of Results of Modified Frontalis Muscle Transfer for the Correction of Blepharoptosis
Authors: Kim Woo Jeong , Park Dae Hwan , Han Dong Gil 
Published: March 2016

Background Conventional frontalis transfer may cause a range of complications. In order to overcome complications, we made modifications to the surgical technique, and compared the outcomes of patients who underwent conventional frontalis transfer with those of patients who underwent modified frontalis transfer.
Methods We conducted a retrospective study of 48 patients (78 eyes) who underwent conventional frontalis transfer between 1991 and 2003 (group A) and 67 patients (107 eyes) who underwent modified frontalis transfer between 2004 and 2014 (group B). The frontalis transfer procedures were modified conform to the following principles. The tip of the frontalis muscle flap included soft tissue that was as thick as possible and the soft tissue on the tarsal plate was removed to the greatest extent possible. A double fold was created in cases of unilateral ptosis. In order to evaluate the objective effects of modification, preoperative and postoperative values of the marginal distance reflex 1 (MRD1), the corneal exposure area, and the decrease in eyebrow height were compared between the two groups.
Results In group A, patients showed an improvement of 1.19 mm in the MRD1, a 6.31% improvement in the corneal exposure area, and a 7.82 mm decrease in eyebrow height. In group B, patients showed an improvement of 2.17 mm in the MRD1, an 8.39% improvement in the corneal exposure area, and an 11.54 mm decrease in eyebrow height. The improvements in group B were significantly greater than those in group A.
Conclusions Modified frontalis transfer showed better results than the conventional procedure and provided satisfactory outcomes.
A Modified, Direct Neck Lift Technique: The Cervical Wave-Plasty
Authors: Parsa Fereydoun Don , Castel Nikki , Parsa Natalie Niloufar 
Published: March 2016

Background Major problems with cervicoplasty by direct skin excision include the subjective nature of skin markings preoperatively and the confusing array of procedures offered. This technique incorporates curved incisions, resulting in a wave-like scar, which is why the procedure is called a "wave-plasty".Methods This prospective study includes 37 patients who underwent wave-plasty procedures from 2004 to 2015. Skin pinching technique was used to mark the anterior neck preoperatively in a reproducible fashion. Intra-operatively, redundant skin was excised, along with excess fat when necessary, and closed to form a wave-shaped scar. Patients were asked to follow up at 1 week, 6 weeks, and 6 months after surgery.Results The mean operation time was 70.8 minutes. The majority (81.3%) was satisfied with their progress. On a scale of 1 to 10 (1 being the worst, and 10 being the best), the scars were objectively graded on average 5.5 when viewed from the front and 7.3 when seen from the side 6 months after surgery. Complications consisted of one partial wound dehiscence (2.3%), one incidence of hypertrophic scarring (2.3%), and two cases of under-resection requiring revision (5.4%).Conclusions In select patients, surgical rejuvenation of the neck may be obtained through wave-like incisions to remove redundant cervical skin when other options are not available. The technique is reproducible, easily teachable and carries low morbidity and high patient satisfaction in carefully chosen patients.
Detailhandel på museum. Om arbejdet med Den Gamle Bys butikker og gademiljø.
Authors: Andersen Berit Guldmann , Frandsen Allan Leth 
Published: March 2016

<p>I 2002 besluttede Den Gamle By at fortælle 1900-tallets Danmarkshistorie ved at udvide museet med to nye bykvarterer – et 1927-kvarter og et 1974-kvarter. Indtil da havde museet i al væsentlighed arbejdet med 16-, 17- og 1800-tallets historie, og der forestod (og forestår) derfor et stort arbejde med vidensopsamling og -generering i form af forskning og undersøgelser om den moderne bys udseende. Da detailhandelen er en meget synlig nyskabelse i den moderne by i forhold til de perioder, museet allerede præsenterer, var behovet for viden på ikke mindst dette område af stor betydning. I artiklen giver vi et overblik over 1900-tallets butiksudvikling i Danmark, og vi gør rede for de undersøgelser, der er gået forud for etableringen af butikkerne i Den Gamle Bys nye bykvarterer.</p><p><em><strong>Abstract</strong></em></p><p><em>In connection with the development of two new town districts – for 1927 and 1974 respectively – at the open-air museum, Den Gamle By (”The Old Town”) in Århus, its staff undertook a number of studies, one of which concerned the history of retail trade in Denmark.</em></p><p><em>Retail trade is an important factor in the formation of the modern urban streetscape. Urbanisation and industrialisation prompted an increase in shops from the mid-19<sup>th</sup> century onwards. By the end of World War 1, retailing had developed from merchant’s houses offering a wide assortment of goods, to strictly specialised shops.</em></p><p><em>In tandem with this development, the visual appearance of the shops in the streetscape changed: from being next to invisible, marked only by a discrete sign on the wall around 1850, to the almost obtrusively large window sections, glossy advertisements and rich illumination of the interwar shop fronts.</em></p><p><em>The retail trade continued to develop significantly in the 20<sup>th</sup> century: from relatively small establishments of independent grocers, greengrocers, butchers and bakers to large supermarkets offering all such goods under one roof. Consequently, food shops were largely replaced by service enterprises. From the 1960s onwards, the pedestrian streets in the city centres, as well as the assemblages of large supermarkets and other businesses on the outskirts, came to characterise the larger cities.</em></p>
Inherent instability by antibonding coupling in AgSbTe2
Authors: Shinya Hikari , Masago Akira , Fukushima Tetsuya , Katayama-Yoshida Hiroshi 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In the present paper, an inherent instability in the ternary chalcogenide compound AgSbTe2 is described from the electronic structure viewpoint. Our calculations, which are based on the cluster expansion method, suggest nine stable crystal structures involving the most stable structure with

symmetry. The effective pair interactions calculated by the generalized perturbation method point out that the stability of these structures originates from the number of linear arrangements of the Ag–Te–Sb atomic bonds. Moreover, it is found that AgSbTe2 has a special electronic structure, where the dominant components of the top of the valence band are the Te-5p antibonding states. Such an antibonding contribution leads to an inherent instability, such that the system spontaneously forms various mutation phases caused by charge-compensated defect complexes. We propose that these mutation phases play an important role in the thermal conductivity and thermoelectric efficiency in AgSbTe2.
Behavior of incorporated nitrogen in plasma-nitrided silicon oxide formed by chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Shinoda Nao , Itokawa Hiroshi , Fujitsuka Ryota , Sekine Katsuyuki , Onoue Seiji , Tonotani Junichi 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The behavior of nitrogen (N) atoms in plasma-nitrided silicon oxide (SiO2) formed by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) was characterized by physical analysis and from electrical properties. The changes in the chemical bonding and distribution of N in plasma-nitrided SiO2 were investigated for different subsequent processes. N–Si3, N–Si2O, and N2 are formed in a SiO2 film by plasma nitridation. N2 molecules diffuse out during annealing at temperatures higher than 900 °C. NH species are generated from N2 molecules and H in the SiO2 film with subsequent oxide deposition using O3 as an oxidant. The capacitance–voltage (C–V) curves of metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) capacitors are obtained. The negative shift of the C–V curve is caused by the increase in the density of positive fix charge traps in CVD-SiO2 induced by plasma nitridation. The C–V curve of plasma-nitrided SiO2 subjected to annealing shifts to the positive direction and that subjected to the subsequent oxide deposition shifts markedly to the negative direction. It is clarified that the density of positive charge fixed traps in plasma-nitrided SiO2 films decrease because the amount of N2 molecules is decreased by annealing, and that the density of traps increases because NH species are generated and move to the interface between SiO2 and the Si substrate with the subsequent oxide deposition.
Effect of current stress during thermal CVD of multilayer graphene on cobalt catalytic layer
Authors: Ueno Kazuyoshi , Ichikawa Hiroyasu , Uchida Takaki 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
To improve the crystallinity of multilayer graphene (MLG) by CVD at a low temperature, the effect of current stress during thermal CVD on a cobalt (Co) catalytic layer was investigated. The crystallinity of MLG obtained by CVD with current was higher than that without current at the same temperature. This indicates that current has effects besides the Joule heating effect. The current effects on the Co catalytic layer and the MLG growth reaction were investigated, and it was found that current had small effects on the grain size and crystal structure of the Co catalyst and large effects on the MLG growth reaction such as large grain growth and a low activation energy of 0.49 eV, which is close to the value reported for carbon surface diffusion on Co. It is considered that the enhancement of MLG growth reaction by current leads to the improved crystallinity of MLG at a relatively low temperature.
Analysis of gate-induced drain leakage characteristics and threshold voltage modulation of plasma-doped FinFETs for low-power applications
Authors: Lee Ji-myoung , Cho Keun Hwi , Kim Dong-won , Chung Ilsub 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
FinFET devices were fabricated using plasma doping both at the source and drain extensions and in the channel region. In an effort to overcome dopant loss after the strip process, oxide buffer layers were deposited prior to plasma doping. Owing to the oxide buffer, 76% of the dopants were retained after the strip process and even after ashing, thereby keeping a high doping concentration of over 1 × 1020 atoms/cm3 on the surface of the Si fin. The gate-induced drain leakage (GIDL) current was decreased by 2 orders of magnitude due to the shallow and abrupt plasma doping, compared to the performance with an ion implantation method. The threshold voltage (V
th) was shifted by 250 mV through plasma doping of the channel. The doping conformality was evaluated using electrical measurements and a newly-proposed method based on the GIDL data with various fin widths. The conformal doping profile with a smaller dopant loss provides a smaller GIDL current.
Estimation of local built-in potential of amorphous silicon thin-film solar cells by Kelvin force microscopy
Authors: Itoh Takashi , Ito Takanori , Kuriyama Hiroshi , Nonomura Shuichi 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The local surface potential of pin-type hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin-film solar cells has been evaluated by Kelvin force microscopy (KFM). We have also estimated the local built-in potential of the solar cells by KFM. In the surface morphology image of the solar cells, large convex grains related to the textured structure of the substrate were found. The surface potential distribution related to the surface morphology was observed in the solar cells. A similar surface potential distribution was also found in an n-type hydrogenated microcrystalline Si (µc-Si:H) film. The surface potential of the solar cells was not the same as that of the n-type film. The difference in average surface potential between the n-type hydrogenated microcrystalline Si (µc-Si:H) film and the solar cells increased with increasing built-in potential. The difference in local surface potential on large convex grains was smaller than that in the region between the large convex grains.
Chemically‐Modified 2D Covalent Organic Framework as an HTL Dopant for High‐Performance, Stable, and Sustainable Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules
Authors: Li Fuqiang , Huang Xiaofeng , Li Ying , Du Xiangrui , Yang Eunhye , Ahn Yoomi , Lee Bo Ram , Wu Binghui , Park Sung Heum 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDespite significant advances in perovskite solar cells (PeSCs), the operational instability and susceptibility to Pb leakage of PeSCs severely limit their widespread application. To address these issues, this study investigates the effect of doping the Spiro‐OMeTAD hole‐transporting layer (HTL) with a chemically‐modified 2D conjugated covalent organic framework (Tp‐Azo‐COF) on the photovoltaic performance and stability of PeSCs. Enriched with abundant carbonyl (C═O) groups and azo (N═N) nodes, Tp‐Azo‐COF has excellent chelation and adsorption capabilities, and experimental results confirm that Tp‐Azo‐COF effectively decreases Pb leakage and Li‐ion migration, improving the environmental safety and operational stability of PeSCs. The optimized PeSCs (0.12 cm2) exhibit an efficiency of 24.25%, a new benchmark for COF‐modified devices, and maintain robust performance in large‐area modules (18 cm2) with an efficiency of 21.96%. Under accelerated aging tests, including continuous light irradiation at maximum power point tracking for 980 h, the module demonstrated exceptional durability, with near‐100% efficiency retention. The COF doping strategy developed in this study significantly enhances operational stability and minimizes Pb leakage in PeSCs, paving the way for the sustainable, large‐scale deployment of perovskite photovoltaics.
Effect of Nanoscale Surface Modification on the Interfacial Mechanics of Carbon Fibers
Authors: Srihari Sriraj , Sathyanath Rahul , Kalpathy Sreeram K. , Al‐Haik Marwan , Namilae Sirish 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEnhancing fiber surfaces through in situ growth of nanomaterials is known to improve fiber composite properties by enhancing the interface between the fiber and matrix. In this study, hydrothermal processes are used to achieve two types of interfacial modification for carbon fiber: zinc oxide nanowires (ZnO NWs) and nickel‐based metal–organic frameworks (MOF). The interfacial strengths are evaluated using single fiber push‐in tests via nanoindentation and the interfaces are analyzed through dynamic modulus‐mapping. It is found that ZnO modification increases the interface strength by 9.40%, while MOF modification yields an even higher improvement of 16.34%. The load‐displacement plots exhibit distinctive inflection points, elucidated through microstructural observations. Examining the modulus map of the interface region, a transition in the storage modulus from the fiber to the matrix is identified. A capillary flow‐based model is developed to explain the resin penetration through nanoscale features. The findings reported here indicate that the timescale for resin absorption is significantly shorter than the curing timescales for the surface modifications explored in this study.
Effectiveness of Essential Oil Component Cocrystals Against Food Spoilage Bacteria
Authors: Montisci Fabio , Menicucci Felicia , Carraro Claudia , Prencipe Michele , Pelagatti Paolo , Ienco Andrea , Palagano Eleonora , Raio Aida , Michelozzi Marco , Mazzeo Paolo P. , Bacchi Alessia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractImproving food preservation technologies is a key aspect in the struggle to reduce global food waste, and natural antimicrobial substances, such as essential oil (EO) components represent very promising food preserving agent. However, their intrinsic chemico‐physical properties, such as the low melting point, low water solubility and high volatility, pose some practical difficulties in exploiting them for practical applications. Cocrystallization is used to stabilize liquid or volatile EO components providing them whit a crystalline environment, thus improving their potential application as antibacterial agents. Five EO active ingredients (THY = thymol, CAR = carvacrol, EUG = eugenol, CAD = trans‐cinnamaldehyde, and VAN = o‐vanillin) and two coformers (INA = Isonicotinamide, and HBA = 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid) have been combined and the corresponding cocrystals have been studied for their potential inhibiting effect against four food spoilage bacteria (Bacillus thuringiensis, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Serratia marcescens). The structures of the five cocrystals have been used to derive structure‐activity relationships in terms of release energy of the active ingredients form the crystalline environment, and a correlation has been derived with the Intermolecular Interaction Energies of the EO molecules.
Therapeutic Potential of Inulin‐Coated MCT Microcapsules in Modulating the Gut Microbiome for Effective Treatment of Diet‐Induced Obesity
Authors: Ariaee Amin , Wardill Hannah R. , Wignall Anthony , Elz Aurelia S. , Wright Leah , Prestidge Clive , Joyce Paul 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObesity, a global epidemic, leads to metabolic dysregulation and systemic inflammation. Recently, therapies targeting the gut microbiome have garnered attention for metabolic health regulation. This study evaluates the potential of inulin‐coated medium‐chain triglyceride (InuMCT) microcapsules in rats with diet‐induced obesity (DIO). Inulin prebiotic fibers have been shown to promote the gut microbiome, while the digestion products of medium chain triglycerides (MCTs), free fatty acids, and mono‐/diglycerides, can attenuate pro‐inflammatory outcomes. It is hypothesized that encapsulating MCTs within inulin via spray drying creates a solid dosage form that can exert multifunctional effects in ameliorating inflammation in DIO. Inulin and InuMCT treatments not only reduce DIO weight gain but also improve metabolic markers in high‐fat diet (HFD) fed rats. Specifically, inulin attenuates the reduction of high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) by 55% and lowers glucose levels by 21%. Meanwhile, InuMCT increases HDL by 23% and reduces glucose levels by 15%. Furthermore, inulin decreases serum proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) by 35%, while InuMCT further reduces TNF‐α to normal diet levels within 21 days. These results highlight InuMCT's superior efficacy, offering a promising strategy for combating obesity and related metabolic diseases.
Integrated Electrochemical Aptamer Biosensing and Colorimetric pH Monitoring via Hydrogel Microneedle Assays for Assessing Antibiotic Treatment
Authors: Keyvani Fatemeh , GhavamiNejad Peyman , Saleh Mahmoud Ayman , Soltani Mohammad , Zhao Yusheng , Sadeghzadeh Sadegh , Shakeri Arash , Chelle Pierre , Zheng Hanjia , Rahman Fasih A. , Mahshid Sarah , Quadrilatero Joe , Rao Praveen P. N. , Edginton Andrea , Poudineh Mahla 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCurrent methods for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) have a long turnaround time as they involve collecting patients' blood samples followed by transferring the samples to medical laboratories where sample processing and analysis are performed. To enable real‐time and minimally invasive TDM, a microneedle (MN) biosensor to monitor the levels of two important antibiotics, vancomycin (VAN) and gentamicin (GEN) is developed. The MN biosensor is composed of a hydrogel MN (HMN), and an aptamer‐functionalized flexible (Flex) electrode, named HMN‐Flex. The HMN extracts dermal interstitial fluid (ISF) and transfers it to the Flex electrode where sensing of the target antibiotics happens. The HMN‐Flex performance is validated ex vivo using skin models as well as in vivo in live rat animal models. Data is leveraged from the HMN‐Flex system to construct pharmacokinetic profiles for VAN and GEN and compare these profiles with conventional blood‐based measurements. Additionally, to track pH and monitor patient's response during antibiotic treatment, an HMN is developed that employs a colorimetric method to detect changes in the pH, named HMN‐pH assay, whose performance has been validated both in vitro and in vivo. Further, multiplexed antibiotic and pH detection is achieved by simultaneously employing the HMN‐pH and HMN‐Flex on live animals.
Sequential Deactivation Across the Hippocampus‐Thalamus‐mPFC Pathway During Loss of Consciousness
Authors: Chen Xiaoai , Cramer Samuel R. , Chan Dennis C.Y. , Han Xu , Zhang Nanyin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHow consciousness is lost in states such as sleep or anesthesia remains a mystery. To gain insight into this phenomenon, concurrent recordings of electrophysiology signals in the anterior cingulate cortex and whole‐brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are conducted in rats exposed to graded propofol, undergoing the transition from consciousness to unconsciousness. The results reveal that upon the loss of consciousness (LOC), there is a sharp increase in low‐frequency power of the electrophysiological signal. Additionally, fMRI signals exhibit a cascade of deactivation across a pathway including the hippocampus, thalamus, and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) surrounding the moment of LOC, followed by a broader increase in brain activity across the cortex during sustained unconsciousness. Furthermore, sliding window analysis demonstrates a temporary increase in synchrony of fMRI signals across the hippocampus‐thalamus‐mPFC pathway preceding LOC. These data suggest that LOC may be triggered by sequential activities in the hippocampus, thalamus, and mPFC, while wide‐spread activity increases in other cortical regions commonly observed during anesthesia‐induced unconsciousness may be a consequence, rather than a cause of LOC. Taken together, the study identifies a cascade of neural events unfolding as the brain transitions into unconsciousness, offering insight into the systems‐level neural mechanisms underpinning LOC.