bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preservation of Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Lentinula edodes treated wheat straw under anaerobic conditions
Authors: Mao Lei , Sonnenberg Anton S M , Hendriks Wouter H , Cone John W 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDNo attention has been paid so far to the preservation of fungal‐treated lignocellulose for longer periods. In the present study, we treated wheat straw (WS) with the white‐rot fungi Ceriporiopsis subvermispora and Lentinula edodes for 8 weeks and assessed changes in pH, chemical composition and in vitro gas production (IVGP) weekly. Fungal‐treated WS was also stored for 64 days ‘as is’, with the addition of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) or with a combination of LAB and molasses in airtight glass jars mimicking ensiling conditions.RESULTSBoth fungi significantly reduced the lignin and hemicellulose content of WS, and increased the cellulose content. The IVGP increased with increasing time of incubation, indicating the increase in digestibility. Both fungi lowered the pH of WS under 4.3, which guarantees an initial and stable low pH during anaerobic storage. Minor changes in fibre composition and IVGP were observed for stored L. edodes treated WS, whereas no change occurred for C. subvermispora.CONCLUSIONIt is possible to conserve C. subvermispora and L. edodes treated straw under anaerobic condition without additives up to 64 days. This finding is important for practical application to supply fungi‐treated feed to ruminant animals for a prolonged period. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Mycoflora assessment, growth and toxigenic features of patulin‐producers in kiwifruit in China
Authors: Wang Yuan , Feng Kewei , Liu Bin , Zhang Zhiwei , Wei Jianping , Yuan Yahong , Yue Tianli 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDFungal development in agricultural products may cause mycotoxin contamination, which is a significant threat to food safety. Patulin (PAT) and PAT‐producer contamination has been established as a worldwide problem. The present study aimed to investigate the mycoflora and PAT‐producers present in kiwifruits and environmental samples collected from orchards and processing plants in Shaanxi Province, China.RESULTSVariations in mycoflora were observed in different samples, with penicillia and aspergilli as the predominant genera. Approximately 42.86% of dropped fruits were contaminated with PAT‐producers, which harbored the 6‐methylsalicylic acid synthase and the isoepoxydon dehydrogenase genes that are involved in PAT biosynthesis. The growth of Penicillium expansum, Penicillium griseofulvum and Penicillium paneum in kiwi puree agar (KPA) medium and kiwi juice well fitted the modified Gompertz and Baranyi and Roberts models (R2 ≥ 0.95). A significant positive correlation between colony diameter and PAT content in KPA medium of P. expansum and P. griseofulvum was observed (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSThe present study analyzed the mycofloral composition and the potential risk for PAT and PAT‐producer contamination in kiwifruit, which may be utilized in the establishment of proper management practices in the kiwifruit industry. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Use of a LYSO‐based Compton camera for prompt gamma range verification in proton therapy
Authors: Jan Meei‐Ling , Hsiao Ing‐Tsung , Huang Hsuan‐Ming 
Published: October 2017

PurposeA Compton camera (CC), which measures prompt gammas (PGs) emitted during proton therapy, is a potentially useful imaging device for proton range verification. The aim of this study was to evaluate how well the reconstructed PG images obtained from various two‐stage CC configurations reproduce the distal falloff of the PG emission.MethodsWe conducted Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate different two‐stage CCs positioned orthogonal to a proton pencil beam irradiating a water phantom. The results were compared with those obtained for a three‐stage CC. In particular, all detectors were made of lutetium–yttrium orthosilicate (LYSO) crystals.ResultsWe found that: (a) the position resolution of the detector led to more uncertainty in predicting the depth of maximum emission and distal falloff positions than did the energy resolution of the detector; (b) reducing the thickness of the absorber detector reduces the effect of position resolution on the quality of reconstructed images and improves falloff position estimates; (c) incomplete absorption of PGs can be filtered by restricting incident gamma energies to known PG energy spectral peaks; and (d) there is greater bias and less accuracy in predicting distal falloff positions with the three‐stage CC compared with the two‐stage CC.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the feasibility of using various CC designs and event selection methods to improve the imaging of PG rays. In our designed two‐stage CCs, the thin LYSO‐based absorber can provide better predictions of the distal falloff positions than the thick one. Compared to three‐stage CCs, two‐stage CCs are less biased and provide more accurate range verification.
Reproducibility of CMRO2 determination using dynamic 17O MRI
Authors: Niesporek Sebastian C. , Umathum Reiner , Lommen Jonathan M. , Behl Nicolas G.R. , Paech Daniel , Bachert Peter , Ladd Mark E. , Nagel Armin M. 
Published: October 2017

PurposeTo assess the reproducibility of 17O MRI‐based determination of the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO2) in healthy volunteers. To assess the influence of image acquisition and reconstruction parameters on dynamic quantification of functional parameters such as CMRO2.MethodsDynamic 17O MRI data were simulated and used to investigate influences of temporal resolution (Δt) and partial volume correction (PVC) on the determination of CMRO2. Three healthy volunteers were examined in two separate examinations. In vivo 17O MRI measurements were conducted with a nominal spatial resolution of (7.5 mm)3 using a density‐adapted radial sequence with golden angle acquisition scheme. In each measurement, 4.0 ± 0.1 L of 70%‐enriched 17O gas were administered using a rebreathing system. Data were corrected with a PVC algorithm, and CMRO2 was determined in gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) compartments using a three‐phase metabolic model (baseline, 17O inhalation, decay phase).ResultsComparison with the ground truth of simulations revealed improved CMRO2 determination after application of PVC and with Δt ≤ 2:00 min. Evaluation of in vivo data yields to CMRO2,GM = 2.31 ± 0.1 μmol/g/min and to CMRO2,WM = 0.69 ± 0.04 μmol/g/min with coefficients of variation (CoV) of 0.3–5.5% and 4.3–5.0% for intra‐volunteer and inter‐volunteer data, respectively.ConclusionThis in vivo 17O inhalation study demonstrated that the proposed experimental setup enables reproducible determination of CMRO2 in healthy volunteers. Magn Reson Med 79:2923–2934, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Accelerated multicontrast volumetric imaging with isotropic resolution for improved peri‐infarct characterization using parallel imaging, low‐rank and spatially varying edge‐preserving sparse modeling
Authors: Zhang Li , Lai Peng , Pop Mihaela , Wright Graham A. 
Published: October 2017

PurposeTo achieve consistent effectiveness in reconstruction of fine image features for cases of varying contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) to facilitate translating accelerated multicontrast volumetric imaging with isotropic resolution toward clinical utility in peri‐infarct characterization.Theory and MethodsA low‐rank and spatially varying edge‐preserving constrained compressed sensing parallel imaging reconstruction method (CP‐LASER) is developed to effectively preserve contrast of small‐scale structures for highly accelerated multicontrast volumetric imaging in CNR‐limited scenarios. CP‐LASER synergistically integrates parallel imaging, low‐rank and spatially varying edge‐preserving sparse modeling to achieve high signal‐to‐noise‐ratio efficiency by leveraging prior knowledge about signal properties including coil sensitivity weighting, spatiotemporally correlated signal relaxation, and spatially varying sparsity.ResultsIn the preclinical study using highly accelerated multicontrast volumetric imaging with an isotropic 1.5‐mm resolution, CP‐LASER demonstrated robust multicontrast reconstruction of peri‐infarct characteristics with excellent correspondence with histopathology. CP‐LASER provides better delineation of the peri‐infarct border zone with improved sharpness than alternative methods in a clinical demonstration on 1.5T with an isotropic 2.2‐mm resolution achieved in a single breath‐hold.ConclusionAccelerated multicontrast volumetric imaging with isotropic resolution using CP‐LASER has demonstrated the potential to improve peri‐infarct characterization in a clinical setting. Magn Reson Med 79:3018–3031, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
4‐node unsymmetric quadrilateral membrane element with drilling DOFs insensitive to severe mesh‐distortion
Authors: Shang Yan , Ouyang Wengen 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThe unsymmetric finite element method is a promising technique to produce distortion‐immune finite elements. In this work, a simple but robust 4‐node 12‐DOF unsymmetric quadrilateral membrane element is formulated. The test function of this new element is determined by a concise isoparametric‐based displacement field that is enriched by the Allman‐type drilling degrees of freedom. Meanwhile, a rational stress field, instead of the displacement one in the original unsymmetric formulation, is directly adopted to be the element's trial function. This stress field is obtained based on the analytical solutions of the plane stress/strain problem and the quasi‐conforming technique. Thus, it can a priori satisfy related governing equations. Numerical tests show that the presented new unsymmetric element, named as US‐Q4θ, exhibits excellent capabilities in predicting results of both displacement and stress, in most cases, superior to other existing 4‐node element models. In particular, it can still work very well in severely distorted meshes even when the element shape deteriorates into concave quadrangle or degenerated triangle.
On stability and reflection‐transmission analysis of the bipenalty method in contact‐impact problems: A one‐dimensional, homogeneous case study
Authors: Kopačka Ján , Tkachuk Anton , Gabriel Dušan , Kolman Radek , Bischoff Manfred , Plešek Jiří 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThe stability and reflection‐transmission properties of the bipenalty method are studied in application to explicit finite element analysis of one‐dimensional contact‐impact problems. It is known that the standard penalty method, where an additional stiffness term corresponding to contact boundary conditions is applied, attacks the stability limit of finite element model. Generally, the critical time step size rapidly decreases with increasing penalty stiffness. Recent comprehensive studies have shown that the so‐called bipenalty technique, using mass penalty together with standard stiffness penalty, preserves the critical time step size associated to contact‐free bodies. In this paper, the influence of the penalty ratio (ratio of stiffness and mass penalty parameters) on stability and reflection‐transmission properties in one‐dimensional contact‐impact problems using the same material and mesh size for both domains is studied. The paper closes with numerical examples, which demonstrate the stability and reflection‐transmission behavior of the bipenalty method in one‐dimensional contact‐impact and wave propagation problems of homogeneous materials.
Topology optimization with multiple materials via moving morphable component (MMC) method
Authors: Zhang Weisheng , Song Junfu , Zhou Jianhua , Du Zongliang , Zhu Yichao , Sun Zhi , Guo Xu 
Published: October 2017

SummaryWith the fast development of additive manufacturing technology, topology optimization involving multiple materials has received ever increasing attention. Traditionally, this kind of optimization problem is solved within the implicit solution framework by using the Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization or level set method. This treatment, however, will inevitably lead to a large number of design variables especially when many types of materials are involved and 3‐dimensional (3D) problems are considered. This is because for each type of material, a corresponding density field/level function defined on the entire design domain must be introduced to describe its distribution. In the present paper, a novel approach for topology optimization with multiple materials is established based on the Moving Morphable Component framework. With use of this approach, topology optimization problems with multiple materials can be solved with much less numbers of design variables and degrees of freedom. Numerical examples provided demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Quantum chemistry benchmarking of binding and selectivity for lanthanide extractants
Authors: Vo Minh Nguyen , Bryantsev Vyacheslav S. , Johnson J. Karl , Keith John A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractComputer‐aided screening methods facilitate the discovery of new extractants for heavy and rare‐earth metal separations. In this work, we have benchmarked the accuracy of different quantum chemistry methods for calculating extractant binding energies and selectivities. Specifically, we compare calculated data from different exchange correlation functionals (B3LYP‐D3, ωB97X‐D3, and M06‐L) and different basis sets (including large‐core effective core potentials and all‐electron basis sets). We report aqueous‐phase binding energy and selectivity trends for 1:1 and 3:1 extractant/lanthanide models for the complexes. We find that binding selectivities are not particularly sensitive to model chemistry, but binding energies are sensitive. Furthermore, calculated trends in selectivity using 3:1 extractant/lanthanide models are in better agreement with available experimental trends than trends using 1:1 extractant/lanthanide models. Lastly, we find that the B3LYP‐D3/6‐31 + G* model chemistry with the Stuttgart large‐core relativistic effective core potentials on the lanthanide sufficiently reproduces results from larger basis set calculations and is confirmed as suitable for relatively fast and efficient screening of lanthanide binding energies and selectivities.
Relationship Between Circulating Fatty Acids and Fatty Acid Ethanolamide Levels After a Single 2‐h Dietary Fat Feeding in Male Sprague–Dawley Rats
Authors: Olatinsu Anthonia O. , Sihag Jyoti , Jones Peter J. H. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPrevious studies show that long term variations in dietary fat consumption impact circulating fatty acid ethanolamide (FAE) concentrations, however, few studies have investigated short term effects of dietary fat feeding on FAE levels. The trial's objective was to explore the effect of acute feeding of varying amounts of dietary n‐9 and n‐3 fatty acids on plasma and organ levels of FAE. Sixty‐four rats were assigned to four groups fed meals containing 40% of energy as either safflower oil (control), canola oil (CO), or DHA rich oil (DRO), each consumed as a bolus within a 2‐h window. Plasma and tissue FAE levels were measured at 3, 6, 12 and 24 h following the bolus. FAE profiles over time exhibited patterns that were specific both to FAE and to dietary fat type provided. At 3 h, plasma and liver OEA levels were higher (p < 0.05) in the 95% CO:5% DRO compared with other groups. At 12 h, plasma PEA levels were lower (p < 0.05) in the 50% CO:50% DRO group compared to the 95% CO group. Plasma DEA levels showed an increase (p < 0.05) only after 24 h of feeding. All four dietary groups manifested increased DEA levels in a dose‐dependent manner. Data demonstrate that a single meal feeding of diets with different ratios of fat types impacts tissue levels of FAE within a short time frame, which could further influence the physiological roles of FAE on appetite regulation and energy expenditure.
Traditional bullying and cyberbullying: Differences in emotional problems, and personality. Are cyberbullies more Machiavellians?
Authors: Resett Santiago , Gamez‐Guadix Manuel 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTFew studies have examined differences in emotional problems and personality of traditional bullies and cyberbullies. The present study aimed to determine whether those engaged in cyberbullying differ in emotional problems, and personality from those engage in traditional bullying perpetration. An Argentinean sample of 898 high school students was recruited (56% female; mean age = 15.2 SD = 1.6). Adolescents completed measures of traditional bullying, cyberbullying, self‐esteem, anxiety, depression, and personality. A 6% were traditional bullies; 8%, cyberbullies; and 4% were involved in both forms; the remainders were non involved. Results indicated that cyberbullies showed less depression and anxiety than traditional bullies. Also, cyberbullies scored low in neuroticism and high in agreeableness compared to traditional bullies. The results suggest that cyberbullies are characterized by an emotional and personality profile different from traditional bullies. In the discussion we analyze the implications of these results.
Latent HIV-1 TAR Regulates 7SK-Responsive P-TEFb Target Genes and Targets Cellular Immune Responses in the Absence of Tat
Authors: Eilebrecht Sebastian , Benecke Bernd-Joachim , Benecke Arndt G. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The transactivating response element (TAR) structure of the nascent HIV-1 transcript is critically involved in the recruitment of inactive positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) to the promoter proximal paused RNA polymerase II. The viral transactivator Tat is responsible for subsequent P-TEFb activation in order to start efficient viral transcription elongation. In the absence of the viral transactivator of transcription (Tat), e.g., during latency or in early stages of HIV transcription, TAR mediates an interaction of P-TEFb with its inhibitor hexamethylene bis-acetamide-inducible protein 1 (HEXIM1), keeping P-TEFb in its inactive form. In this study, we address the function of HIV-1 TAR in the absence of Tat by analyzing consequences of HIV-1 TAR overexpression on host cellular gene expression. An RNA chimera consisting of Epstein-Barr virus-expressed RNA 2 (EBER2) and HIV-1 TAR was developed to assure robust overexpression of TAR in HEK293 cells. The overexpression results in differential expression of more than 800 human genes. A significant proportion of these genes is involved in the suppression of cellular immune responses, including a significant set of 7SK-responsive P-TEFb target genes. Our findings identify a novel role for HIV-1 TAR in the absence of Tat, involving the interference with host cellular immune responses by targeting 7SK RNA-mediated gene expression and P-TEFb inactivation.
Transient vimentin expression during the embryonic development of the chicken cerebellum
Authors: Kommata Vasiliki , Dermon Catherine R. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractComplex morphogenetic events, critical for the development of normal cerebellum foliation and layering, are known to involve type III intermediate filament protein such as vimentin expressed by Bergmann glia. The present study aimed to determine aspects of intermediate and late embryonic pattern of vimentin expression during the corticogenesis of chicken cerebellum at embryonic days 10–19 (E10‐E19), using single and double immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence. Vimentin expression showed partial co‐localization with the glial markers GFAP and BLBP. Within cerebellar cortex, vimentin+ fibers were first found within lobules I and X (E10) and gradually extended to all folia (E15‐E17), located within the external granule (EGL) the molecular cell layer, showing a radial orientation towards the inner granular layer and the cerebellar white matter oriented longitudinally. Interestingly, within the immature fissures base of most lobules, vimentin+ fibers radiate in a fan shape. Short‐term BrdU experiments revealed that EGL cell proliferation was higher in the fissure base compared to folia apex. In addition, following 24‐h survival, BrdU+ cells were found in close association to vimentin+ fibers in the EGL pre‐migratory zone and within immature molecular layer. Paralleling cerebellum development, vimentin expression gradually extended to all folia sub‐regions (base, wall, apex), but, at day E19, it was mainly confined to the folia apex and secondary fissure base. Taken together our data further support the possible role of vimentin+ fibers in the structural events of cerebellum corticogenesis, suggesting the participation of radial/Bergmann glia in chicken cerebellum foliation, similarly to that described for mammalian cerebellum morphogenesis.
Gestational age modulates neural correlates of intentional, but not automatic number magnitude processing in children born preterm
Authors: Klein Elise , Moeller Korbinian , Huber Stefan , Willmes Klaus , Kiechl‐Kohlendorfer Ursula , Kaufmann Liane 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPremature birth is a significant risk factor for learning disabilities in general and mathematics learning difficulties in particular. However, the exact reasons for this relation are still unknown. While typical numerical development is associated with a frontal‐to‐parietal shift of brain activation with increasing age, influences of gestational age have hardly been considered so far. Therefore, we investigated the influence of gestational age on the neural correlates of number processing in 6‐ and 7‐year‐old children born prematurely (n = 16). Only the numerical distance effect – as a measure of intentional number magnitude processing – elicited the fronto‐parietal activation pattern typically observed for numerical cognition. On the other hand, the size congruity effect – as a measure of automatic number magnitude processing – was associated with activation of brain areas typically attributed to cognitive control. Most importantly, however, we observed that gestational age reliably predicted the frontal‐to‐parietal shift of activation observed for the numerical distance effect. Our findings seem to indicate that human numerical development may start even before birth and prematurity might hamper neural facilitation of the brain circuitry subserving numerical cognition. In turn, this might contribute to the high risk of premature children to develop mathematical learning difficulties.