bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Une ville abbatiale bretonne
Authors: Bachelier Julien 
Published: June 2017

Redon est connu pour ses cartulaires carolingiens ; l’abbaye, la région, les conditions socio-économiques ont été étudiées, mais la ville reste dans l’ombre pendant un très long Moyen Âge. Or, nous avons-là un exemple de ville née à côté d’une abbaye sans que le rapport entre l’une et l’autre n’ait été interrogé. On considère qu’après un premier réseau urbain constitué au cours de l’Antiquité, un second se déploie durant le haut Moyen Âge, avant les transformations du Moyen Âge central. Redon apparaît en 834. En Lotharingie ou dans le Languedoc, des recherches, menées sur les IX e -XIV e siècles, ont associé les sources textuelles, archéologiques et planimétriques. Les notions de villes abbatiales ( Abteistädte ) et de bourgs monastiques ont ainsi été revues. C’est dans cette optique que nous avons travaillé, même si Redon demeure en Bretagne un cas original faute d’étude d’envergure.
Encouraging contact with the business world through the final year project: an ex-perience applied to the outsourcing field
Authors: Blanco Beatriz , Sanchez Lidia 
Published: June 2017

<p class="Abstract">The aim of this paper is to present an experience of how a final year project can be designed in order to encourage contact with the business world. This paper the general structure of the final year proyect, whose main topic is outsourcing, the main abilities and competencies developed by students while doing it, and the opinion of the students who have already done it. </p>
Formování inkluzivního prostředí na české škole jako priorita pedagogické antropologie
Authors: Cichá Martina , Preissová Krejčí Andrea , Máčalová Jana 
Published: June 2017

Každý žák by měl bez ohledu na svůj sociální původ, etnicitu, barvu pleti, náboženské vyznání, gender či zdravotní handicap zažívat ve škole pocit rovnosti. To je jeden z předpokladů rozvoje inkluzivního vzdělávání, na jehož formování se v současném českém školství podílí mj. multikulturní výchova. V naší studii reflektujeme roli pedagogů a jejich vliv na formování hodnot a postojů jejich žáků, ve vztahu k jinakosti, přičemž se opíráme jednak o poznatky pedagogické antropologie, která jako aplikační věda podporuje proinkluzivní přístup ve výchově a vzdělávání, a jednak o zjištění plynoucí z našeho výzkumného šetření mezi pedagogy základních a středních škol v České republice. Výsledky ukazují, že pedagogové odmítají odpovědnost za utváření názorů žáků, přitom je zřejmé, že se svými žáky stereotypy o těch tzv. jiných často sdílejí.
Odpovědnost státu a přepracování jaderného paliva v zahraničí
Authors: Handrlica Jakub 
Published: June 2017

Příspěvek se věnuje právnímu rámci nakládání s radioaktivními odpady, které jsou důsledkem přepracování vyhořelého jaderného paliva, vzniklého v tuzemsku, a realizovaného mimo území České republiky. S ohledem na závazky, plynoucí z dvoustranných smluv v oblasti spolupráce v oblasti mírového využívání jaderné energie, uzavřených s Ruskou federací a s Ukrajinou, se věnuje nejenom otázce určení odpovědného subjektu, ale také s tím spojeným parciálním problémům: zejména otázce rozsahu povinností původce odpadů a režimu financování nakládání s těmito odpady.
Kyberútok ako vnútorná informácia alebo kedy s pravdou von
Authors: Abelovský Tomáš 
Published: June 2017

Úvaha sa snaží zodpovedať na otázku, kedy a či vôbec má tuzemský emitent finančného nástroja uverejniť informáciu o kyberútoku na jeho informačný systém? Sú analyzované otázky notifikačnej povinnosti o vnútornej informácii. Úvaha smeruje k záveru, že emitent má povinnosť bezodkladne informovať o prebiehajúcom alebo dokonanom kyberútoku relevantnú verejnosť ak sú splnené niektoré podmienky kladené na kvalitu vnútornej informácie.
Úvod do systému právní ochrany duševního vlastnictví ve Státě Izrael
Authors: Machů Matěj , Pecková Adéla , Adlerová Eva 
Published: June 2017

Článek se zabývá izraelským právním systémem s orientací na právní ochranu duševního vlastnictví. Článek postupuje od stručného představení vývoje izraelského práva s identifikací vlivů, které přispěly k formování jeho současné podoby, až k současné právní úpravě v oblasti práva smluvního, práva na ochranu výsledků technické tvůrčí činnosti jako je oblast práva patentového nebo práva vzorového a v závěru také oblasti ochrany práv na označení. Článek čerpá především z primárních zdrojů, kterými jsou právní předpisy Státu Izrael, jakožto i z rozhodnutí izraelských soudů, které mají v rámci tamního systému nezastupitelnou roli při výkladu, ale také tvorbě práva.
Who are the important predators of sea turtle nests at Wreck Rock beach?
Authors: Lei Juan , Booth David T. 
Published: June 2017

Excessive sea turtle nest predation is a problem for conservation management of sea turtle populations. This study assessed predation on nests of the endangered loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) at Wreck Rock beach adjacent to Deepwater National Park in Southeast Queensland, Australia after a control program for feral foxes was instigated. The presence of predators on the nesting dune was evaluated by tracking plots (2 × 1 m) every 100 m along the dune front. There were 21 (2014–2015) and 41 (2015–2016) plots established along the dune, and these were monitored for predator tracks daily over three consecutive months in both nesting seasons. Predator activities at nests were also recorded by the presence of tracks on top of nests until hatchlings emerged. In addition, camera traps were set to record the predator activity around selected nests. The tracks of the fox (Vulpes vulpes) and goanna (Varanus spp) were found on tracking plots. Tracking plots, nest tracks and camera traps indicated goanna abundance varied strongly between years. Goannas were widely distributed along the beach and had a Passive Activity Index (PAI) (0.31 in 2014–2015 and 0.16 in 2015–2016) approximately seven times higher than that of foxes (PAI 0.04 in 2014–2015 and 0.02 in 2015–2016). Five hundred and twenty goanna nest visitation events were recorded by tracks but no fox tracks were found at turtle nests. Camera trap data indicated that yellow-spotted goannas (Varanus panoptes) appeared at loggerhead turtle nests more frequently than lace monitors (V. varius) did, and further that lace monitors only predated nests previously opened by yellow-spotted goannas. No foxes were recorded at nests with camera traps. This study suggests that large male yellow-spotted goannas are the major predator of sea turtle nests at the Wreck Rock beach nesting aggregation and that goanna activity varies between years.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SAND BEACH BY DEEP-WATER WAVES
Authors: Flinsch Harold 
Published: June 2017

In a previous paper**, it was shown that the mechanism of the trochoidal waves can be used to determine the equilibrium slope of a sand beach under any wave conditions. As a start it was assumed that the beach material was of uniform grain size, and that the waves approached the beach directly with all motion in planes at right angles to the shore line.
In the present paper, the application of the theory is shown in the development of various sand and gravel beaches. The equilibrium theory is studied in the light of the fact that there is usually considerable transportation of material along the shore. In particular, attention is called to the characteristics of beaches with rounded or pointed contours, of beaches whose ends are closed off by rocks or cliffs, or whose ends are open and extend into deep water without barriers of any kind.
A method of study and analysis is demonstrated which can be applied to all beaches. Finally, it is shown that an accurate forecast of the natural development of a beach can be made on the basis of the equilibrium slope equation, as well as a forecast of the effect of any structure placed in a naturally developing beach.
SEA-DEFENCE WORKS OF THE ATLANTIC COAST BETWEEN THE LOIRE AND GIRONDE
Authors: Blondeau F. , Baste A. 
Published: June 2017

Between the Loire and the Gironde, the Atlantic Ocean runs along a succession of zones, the level of which is lower than that of the Spring tides. The main ones are:

In the North, the marsh of Vendee, between the Loire and the Bocage (woody district): 50,000 hectares.
In the Center, the marsh of Poitou, between the Bocage and Aunis; 80,000 hectares.
In the South, the marsh of Saintonge, between Aunis and Saintonge: 50,000 hectares.

Natural defences (sand-hills, shingle beaches) exist in some places. But more often than not, the protection is assured by artificial defences. Seaside resorts (Chetelaillon, Royan) are protected by other works. Ahead of the coast line lie large islands (Noirmoutier, Re, Oleron) which include lowlands even more threatened than those on the continent. Therefore,this coast offers a great number of interesting works for the specialized engineer.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WAVE ACTION AND BEACH PROFILE CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Kemp P.H. 
Published: June 2017

The rational design of coast protection works requires a knowledge of the behaviour of the beach under natural conditions. The understanding of the relationship between the waves acting on the beach and the characteristics of the beach profile produced, is thus a necessary preliminary to the analysis of the causes of beach erosion and the evaluation of the effect of projected remedial measures. The present paper describes the results of a series of preliminary hydraulic model experiments carried out by the author prior to a model study of the behaviour of groynes in stabilising beaches. Most of the beach materials used represented coarse sand or shingle in nature. The results demonstrate the fundamental importance of the "phase difference" in terms of wave period between the break-point and the limit of uprush, in relation to flow conditions, cusp formation, and the change from "step" to "bar" type profiles.
Within the limits of the experiments an expression connecting the breaker height, beach profile length, and grain diameter is developed, and its implications examined in relation to beach slope, and to the previous "wave steepness" criterion for the change from step to bar type profiles. Observations are included on the rate of recession of a shoreline due to the onset of more severe wave conditions.
STABILITY OF COASTAL INLETS
Authors: Bruun P. , Gerritsen F. 
Published: June 2017

This paper is a continuation of papers of earlier date (4) and (5) and is an abstract of (6). Pertinent factors involved in inlet stability are discussed briefly. Results of analysis of existing data are mentioned and a future research program is outlined.
In order to obtain a stable tidal inlet in alluvial material it appears to be an inevitable assumption that littoral drift material is being supplied continuously to the inlet. Part of this material is deposited on the inlet bottom where the tidal currents will move it forward and back as a kind of "rolling carpet."
In order to obtain a relatively stable situation this carpet must not move back and forth too rapidly since it thus runs the risk of being lost at both ends (the ocean and the bay). Nor can it be allowed to move too irregularly, changing its velocity and travel time rapidly, since it may soon "get stuck" at one or at both ends in the form of excessive deposits. If - because of insufficient littoral drift supply -- inadequate amount of material is available for building up this carpet the inlet will be constantly "shaved" and will gradually develop non-scouring open bay or perhaps estuary characteristics. Fig. 1 shows longitudinal sections through inlets of different length. In the first case the (unstable) channel is so short that the rolling carpet extends outside the inlet floor, which in turn causes material to be deposited on shoals in the sea and in the bay by the material-loaded ebb and flood currents. In the second case the (also unstable) channel is so long that material is now deposited inside both ends of the inlet channel because it gradually became so long that currents were too slow to carry the material load out in the sea or in the bay for depositing. The third case demonstrates a stable "status quo" situation between inlet length, current velocities, and material load.
A THEORY FOR WAVES OF FINITE HEIGHT
Authors: Bretschneider Charles L. 
Published: June 2017

A theory for waves of finite height, presented in this paper, is an exact theory, to any order for which it is extended. The theory is represented by a summation liarmdnic series, each term of which is in an unexpanded form. The terms of the series when expanded result in an approximation of the exact theory, and this approximation is identical to Stokes' wave theory extended to the same order. The theory represents irrotational - divergenceless flow. The procedure is to select the form of equations for the coordinates of the particles in anticipation of later operations to be performed in the evaluation of the coefficients of the series. The horizontal and vertical components of these coordinates are given respectively by the following; (equations given).
From the above equations it is possible to deduce the expressions for velocity potential and stream function. The horizontal and vertical components of particle velocity are obtained by differentiating £ and ^with respect to time. Along the free surface z -1?!a 0 and z = Vs and all expressions reduce to simple forms, which in turn saves considerable work in the evaluation of the coefficients. The coefficients are evaluated by use of Bernoulli's equation. The final form of the solution is given by two sets of equations. One set of equations (same as above) is used to compute the particle position and the second set (the first time derivatives of the above) is used to compute the components of particle velocity at the particle position. That is, the particles and velocities are referenced to the lines of the stream function and the velocity potential. Expanding the two sets of equations, by approximation methods, results in one set of equation for computing particle velocity and no equations are required for the particle position.The unexpanded form requiring two sets of equations, being an exact solution, is more accurate theoretically, than the Stokes or the expanded form to the same order. Coefficients have been formulated for all terms of the order one to five for both the unexpanded and the expanded form of the theory, and are presented in tabular form as functions of d/L, as consecutive equations.
LONGSHORE CURRENTS IN ONE AND MULTI-BAR PROFILES RELATION TO LITTORAL DRIFT
Authors: Bruun Per 
Published: June 2017

This paper deals with longshore current theories. Introductorily it gives a brief review of wave theories for breaking waves including theoretical, laboratory as well as field results. Next the longshore current theory based on the momentum inflow over a uniformly sloping beach and bottom (Putnam, Munk and Traylor, 1949) is discussed with special reference to its friction factor. The following chapters deal with two new longshore current theories - both based on the continuity principle. One of them called the rip current approach assumes that all water thrown in by wave breaking runs out in rip currents and will probably be valid for profiles with well developed bars and waves approaching the shore almost perpendicularly. The other theory considers the fact that water from a wave breaking under an angle with the bar flows in with a certain phase difference in time longshore and this will create a longshore slope of the average water table, therefore also a longshore current. The water may return to sea uniformly as undertow or in rip currents or by a combination of both. This theory is particularly valid for waves breaking under a certain, not too small, angle with the bar. In both cases the momentum in the breaking waves is ignored because field observations show that in a well developed bar profile most of the momentum has disappeared inside the bar after wave breaking.
Examples of computation of current velocities for one bar as well as multi-bar profiles are given. Next the possible relation between longshore currents and littoral drift is discussed.
RECENT ADVANCES IN COASTAL STRUCTURE DESIGN
Authors: Lee Charles E. 
Published: June 2017

The type and scope of work accomplished and responsibility and authority of the office to which he is attached is indicative of the interests of an author and of the information available to him. It is therefore pertinent to cover in this general section a summary of the responsibility and the delegated authority of the Corps of Engineers as regards Coastal Engineering.
The subject of recent advances in coastal structures is quite broad and complex and modern design practice incorporates old and new findings. This paper discusses various aspects of proper modern design of breakwaters and jetties with special attention to newer findings, their proper application and the means by which the findings were made. The Corps has the responsibility for the planning, investigation, design and construction of Federal civil works navigation projects. This consists generally of harbor and channel works. Their responsibility extends to the control of all works, private or governmental, to assure that navigation will not be adversely affected. They are also charged with the responsibility of planning, investigation, design and construction of Federal civil works projects involving shore protection from wave and currents, protection from effects of hurricane, tsunamis and tidal flooding, and of beach erosion control. The accomplishment of such a mission therefore includes research of an applied nature to permit advancement in knowledge and technique. Most of this research is based on small scale model studies accomplished at the U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station at Vicksburg, Mississippi, and at the laboratory of the Corps of Engineers Beach Erosion Board in Washington, D. C. In addition a limited number of prototype studies are being initiated in the charge of the staffs of various District Engineers.
THE ANALYSIS OF HARBOR AND ESTUARY SYSTEMS
Authors: Harder J.A. 
Published: June 2017

It is one of the paradoxes of our age that hydraulic engineering is concerned with problems that in many ways exceed in difficulty those encountered in the more glamorous fields of science. One measure of this situation is that classical mathematics, which is a powerful tool when applied to simple systems, has proved to be a rather impotent aid m hydraulic calculations, except when the geometry is simple. Harbor and estuary systems are usually associated with complex geometry, and thus we ordinarily cannot depend on mathematics to give general solutions. Instead of solving the hydraulic equations of flow in the complex geometry, we have sought to reconstruct the geometry of the prototype in a reduced scale, by means of models, and by assuming that the equations governing the full-size and reduced-scale systems are the same, to find specific solutions through direct measurements in the latter. Because of scale effects, the hydraulic model is not perfect, but it does reproduce the complex geometry and some of the complexities of three dimensional flows in the prototype. These cannot at present be described mathematically, and where they are important a properly constructed and adjusted hydraulic model is our most powerful tool in the investigation of estuarial problems, and is likely to remain so.
However, hydraulic models are very expensive, especially if they are built to a reasonably large scale, so it behooves us to be sure that we have not overlooked other, perhaps less powerful, methods when we are confronted with a particular problem. Within the past decade two methods have been developed that will eventually replace hydraulic models for tidal flow and river flood routing investigations. One is based on the use of digital computers to numerically integrate the differential equations of open channel flow; the realization of this method by a digital computer program for a particular system has been called a "mathematical model". The second is based on the use of analog elements that behave with respect to electrical current in the same way as the prototype behaves with respect to flows of water. When an assembly of such elements is adjusted to duplicate the behavior of a hydraulic system in a way similar to the way a hydraulic model is adjusted during its verification period, the result may be called an analog model.
Cytoskeleton during aerenchyma formation in plants
Authors: Kordyum Elizabeth L. , Shevchenko Galina V. , Brykov Vasyl O. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAerenchyma is a plant tissue characterized by prominent intercellular spaces facilitating gas diffusion between roots and the aerial environment. The classical formation of intercellular spaces is thought to be the result of schizogeny and lysogeny during development of wetland species and in some dry‐land species in response to different abiotic stress, including drought, high temperature, and nutrient deficiency. The plant cytoskeleton is known to play a major role in cellular organization and signaling pathways. It is emphasized a lot of ambiguity as to the cytoskeleton function in the constitutive and induced aerenchyma development, especially at the earliest stages of this process. In the present review, we focus on some aspects of the cytoskeleton behavior during the formation of schizogenous and lysigenous aerenchyma in wetland and terrestrial plants growing both in the nature and experimental conditions.
Welfare, wellness, and job satisfaction of Chinese physicians: A national survey of public tertiary hospitals in China
Authors: Sun Jing , Ma Jing , Hu Guangyu , Zhao Qi , Yuan Changzheng , Si Wen , Zhang Xinqing , Liu Yuanli 
Published: June 2017

SummaryLittle national data are available on Chinese physicians' welfare, wellness, and job satisfaction. We conducted a self‐administered smartphone‐based national survey in early 2016 of 17 945 physicians from 136 tertiary hospitals across 31 provinces in China. In addition to collecting the physicians' basic information, we also measured 5 domains (the ethical and working environments, welfare, wellness, and job satisfaction). Half of the physicians reported a hospital‐based annual income of less than RMB 72 000 ($10 300), and 60.31% of them did not think that the current medical pricing system reflects physicians' value. More than half (58.64%) of them did not have or did not know about medical malpractice insurance. These physicians worked long hours (an average of 10 h) and slept short hours (average 6 h). Only 35.78% of them thought that they were in good health, and 51.03% were in good mental health. Approximately, a quarter of them had helped to pay medical bills for patients who could not afford care, and 1 in 7 has been penalised for seeing patients who generated bad debts. Only 33.42% of them thought that their occupation receives social recognition and respect, and 70.98% would not encourage their children to pursue a medical career. The top 3 factors that may influence physician job satisfaction as chosen by the physicians were as follows: (1) the income distribution policy (45.92%), (2) working environment safety (25.86%), and (3) public trust and respect for their job (16.10%). In conclusion, we found that Chinese physicians bear heavy physical, mental, and financial stress, and many of them lack confidence that they receive trust and respect from society.