bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bambara–wheat composite flour: rheological behavior of dough and functionality in bread
Authors: Erukainure Ochuko L. , Okafor Jane N.C. , Ogunji Akinyele , Ukazu Happiness , Okafor Ebele N. , Eboagwu Ijeoma L. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe rheological behavior and functional properties of doughs from bambara–wheat composite flour was investigated. Bambara–wheat composite flour was prepared by substituting wheat with 0%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of bambara flour. The rheological behavior of their dough was analyzed with Mixolab. Breads produced from the flour were analyzed for physical characteristics. Organoleptic analysis was carried out by 20 panelists. Mixolab analysis revealed, except for stability time, depreciating values for dough consistency (C1), protein weakening (C2), starch gelatinization (C3), amylase activity (C4), and retrogradation (C5) as the inclusion of bambara flour increased. Physical characteristics of the loaves revealed significant (P < 0.05) decreasing bread volume and increasing specific volume, respectively, as bambara inclusion increased. There was significant (P < 0.05) difference between wheat bread and the bambara–wheat composites in all the studied quality attributes. 15% bambara–wheat composite bread was the most accepted amongst the composite breads. Inclusion of bambara flour improved the protein behavior of the composite, but did not evidently show benefits in the baking characteristics.
Particulate carbon and nitrogen dynamics in a headwater catchment in Northern Thailand: hysteresis, high yields, and hot spots
Authors: Ziegler Alan D. , Benner Shawn G. , Kunkel Melvin L. , Phang Valerie X.H. , Lupascu Massimo , Tantasirin Chatchai 
Published: March 2016

AbstractRivers of South and Southeast Asia disgorge large suspended sediment loads, reflecting exceptionally high rates of erosion promoted by natural processes (tectonic and climatic) and anthropogenic (land‐use change) activities that are characteristic of the region. While particulate carbon and nitrogen fluxes have been characterized in some large Asian rivers, less is known about the headwater systems where much sediment and organic material are initially mobilized. This study, conducted in the 74‐km2 Mae Sa Experimental Catchment in northern Thailand, shows that the Sa River is an important source for particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate organic nitrogen (PON) transported to larger river systems and downstream reservoirs. However, the yields during three years of investigation varied greatly: 5.0–22.3 Mg POC km−2 y−1 and 0.48–2.02 Mg PON km−2 y−1. The 22.3 Mg POC km−2 y−1 yield is the highest reported for any river on the Asian continent. Stream samples collected during 12 storms showed that almost 3% of the total suspended solid load is POC 0.7 µm to 2.0 mm in size. This percentage is higher than other values for most large rivers on the continent. Further, we documented a strong pulse hysteretic behaviour in the stream, whereby peak fluxes of POC and PON are often delayed (anticlockwise hysteresis) or accelerated (clockwise hysteresis) relative to stream flow peaks (or are complex), complicating the prediction of storm‐based or annual particulate carbon and nitrogen fluxes. Stream turbidity and total suspended sediment are reasonable proxies for POC and PON concentrations, while stream discharge is not a good predictor variable. Observed C:N ratios for measured particulate samples range from 3 to 83, with the high‐end values likely associated with fresh (non‐decomposed) vegetative material greater than 2 mm in diameter. The C:N ratio (weighted based on three sediment sizes) for 12 events ranges from 7.5 to 15.3. These modest values reflect the relatively low C:N ratios for small size fractions (0.7–0.63 µm) that comprise 50–90% of the TSS load in the events. Overall, organic material <0.63 µm contribute about 75% of the total POC load and 80% of the PON load. The annual C:N ratio for the river is approximately 10–11. Collectively, our findings indicate the occasionally high yields make the Sa River—and potentially other similar headwater rivers—a hot spot for POC and PON transported to downstream water bodies. Complex hysteresis patterns and high year‐to‐year variability hinders our ability to calculate and predict these yields without continuous, automated monitoring of discharge and turbidity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Survey results on daily practice in open and laparoscopic liver resections from 27 centers participating in the second International Consensus Conference
Authors: Kawaguchi Yoshikuni , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Wakabayashi Go , Cherqui Daniel , Geller David A. , Buell Joseph F. , Kaneko Hironori , Han Ho‐Seong , Strasberg Steven M. , Kokudo Norihiro 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe proportions of laparoscopic approach and surgical procedures in liver resections have been unknown in clinical practice. The aim of this study is to investigate liver resections performed in select centers worldwide and analyze the ratios of laparoscopic approach, major liver resection, and left lateral sectionectomy.MethodsA questionnaire‐based survey on proportions of liver resections performed between 2008 and 2013 was conducted. The data collected from 27 respondents, which joined the conference committee of the second International Consensus Conference on Laparoscopic Liver Resection (LLR), were analyzed by the working group.ResultsBetween 2008 and 2013, 11,712 liver resections were performed in the 27 centers. Of all of these liver resections, laparoscopic approach was selected in 32.1% (n = 3,765), whereas open approach was selected in 67.9% (n = 7,947). The ratio of laparoscopic approach taken in all left lateral sectionectomy (61.8%) is higher, compared with that of laparoscopic approach taken in all liver resections (32.1%), in all minor liver resections (35.9%), and in all major liver resections (24.8%).ConclusionsLaparoscopic approach was clinically chosen for approximately 30% of all liver resections and for more than 60% of left lateral sectionectomy in selected centers worldwide.
Role of intratumoral infiltrating macrophages after transarterial immunoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kenjo Akira , Sato Tetsu , Marubashi Shigeru , Saito Takuro , Tsuchiya Takao , Kimura Takashi , Sato Naoya , Takahashi Atsushi , Ohira Hiromasa , Gotoh Mitsukazu 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundPreoperative transarterial immunoembolization (TIE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is effective for preventing recurrence. We aimed to investigate the intratumoral and peritumoral M1 macrophage‐induced immune response following TIE treatment.MethodsWe compared 13 patients treated with TIE between 2003 and 2009 (TIE group) and 13 patients treated with surgery alone during the same period of time at our institute (control group) using an immunohistological study with CD68 and CD163 antibodies.ResultsNo significant differences in clinicopathological characteristics, except for surgical time, were observed between the two groups. The 3‐year recurrence‐free survival outcome of the TIE group was quite different from that of the control group (100% vs. 38.5%, P = 0.034). In the histological investigation, lytic necrosis and coagulation necrosis of the main tumor along with the presence of multinuclear giant cells were observed in 10 of the 13 patients in the TIE group. The immunohistological study showed that not only the numbers of intratumoral CD68+ cells, but also the numbers of intratumoral and peritumoral CD8+ cells were significantly increased in the TIE group.ConclusionsThe suppression of tumor recurrence induced by preoperative TIE might be induced by intratumoral M1 macrophages that are activated by OK‐432 and fibrinogen.
Native myocardial longitudinal (T1) relaxation time: Regional, age, and sex associations in the healthy adult heart
Authors: Rauhalammi Samuli M.O. , Mangion Kenneth , Barrientos Pauline Hall , Carrick David J.A. , Clerfond Guillaume , McClure John , McComb Christie , Radjenovic Aleksandra , Berry Colin 
Published: March 2016

PurposeTo use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at two field strengths to assess healthy adults' regional myocardial noncontrast (native) T1 relaxation time distribution, and global myocardial native T1 between sexes and across age groups.Materials and MethodsIn all, 84 healthy volunteers underwent MRI at 1.5T and 3.0T. T1 maps were acquired in three left ventricular short axis slices using an optimized modified Look–Locker inversion recovery investigational prototype sequence. T1 measurements in msec were calculated from 16 regions‐of‐interest, and a global T1 value from all evaluable segments per subject. Associations were assessed with a multivariate linear regression model.ResultsIn total, 1297 (96.5%) segments were evaluable at 1.5T and 1263 (94.0%) segments at 3.0T. Native T1 was higher in septal than lateral myocardium (1.5T: 956.3 ± 44.4 vs. 939.2 ± 54.2 msec; P < 0.001; 3.0T: 1158.2 ± 45.9 vs. 1148.9 ± 56.9 msec; P = 0.012). Native T1 decreased with increasing age in females but not in males. Among lowest age tertile (<33 years) global native T1 was higher in females than in males at 1.5T (960.0 ± 20.3 vs. 931.5 ± 22.2 msec, respectively; P = 0.003) and 3.0T (1166.5 ± 19.7 vs. 1130.2 ± 20.6 msec; P < 0.001). No sex differences were observed in upper age tertile (≥55 years) at 1.5T (937.7 ± 25.4 vs. 934.7 ± 22.3 msec; P = 0.762) or 3.0T (1153.0 ± 30.0 vs. 1132.3 ± 23.5 msec; P = 0.056). Association of global native T1 to age (P = 0.002) and sex (P < 0.001) was independent of field strength and body size.ConclusionIn healthy adults, native T1 values are highest in the ventricular septum. Global native T1 was inversely associated with age in women, but not in men. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:541–548.
Physiologically induced changes in bound phenolics and antioxidants, DNA/cytoprotective potentials in pectic poly/oligosaccharides of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)
Authors: Kapoor Sabeeta , Dharmesh Shylaja M 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDAntioxidant, cyto/DNA protective potentials are known to offer significant protection against free radical induced injury to cells or tissues and cellular damages that are envisaged in various diseases including chronic diseases like cancer, diabetes, etc, while galectin‐3 inhibitory potentials are known to block or delay the process of metastasis in cancer. Antioxidant, cyto/DNA protection and galectin‐3 inhibitory potentials were examined in pectic polysaccharides (PPs) and pectic oligosaccharides (POs) from four types of two varieties of tomatoes such as Sour (Mallika local variety) raw (SrRT–SrRTPP, SrRTPO), Sour ripe (SrRIT–SrRITPP, SrRITPO), Sweet (Rashmi local variety) raw (SwRT–SwRTPP, SwRTPO) and Sweet ripe (SwRIT–SwRITPP and SwRITPO).RESULTSResults indicate that unripe PPs and POs show approximately four‐ to five‐fold better galectin‐3 inhibitory property than ripe ones. An approximately nine‐ to 10‐fold increase in galectin‐3 inhibitory activity in sour variety was observed. The IC50 as determined by free radical scavenging (FRS), red blood cell (RBC) and DNA protection assays revealed reduction in FRS and RBC protective potencies in pectic oligosaccharides (POs) than pectic polysaccharides (PPs), supporting the fact that phenolics contribute towards these activities. Loss of activity could be attributed to the hydrolysis of certain phenolics during the ripening process as well as during conversion of PPs to POs.CONCLUSIONThis study, for the first time, showed changes in bioactivity profiling in unripened and ripened conditions in tomato. Precise alterations in biomolecular components, such as bound cinnamyl/ferulyl and vanillic acid derivatives, along with alterations in sugar composition that reflect changes in antioxidants, cyto/DNA protective and antimetastatic potentials, have been delineated. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Chemical Modification, Thermal Characterization and Dielectric Spectroscopy of Polystyrene‐block‐Polyisoprene Diblock Copolymers
Authors: Georgopanos Prokopios , Filiz Volkan , Handge Ulrich A. , Abetz Volker 
Published: March 2016

In this work, synthesis and chemical modification of a polystyrene‐block‐polyisoprene (PS‐b‐PI) diblock copolymer is presented. The modification reactions result in hydroxyl, amine, and carboxyl end‐functional groups, respectively. Thermal analysis reveals a shift of the glass transition temperature of the polystyrene block to lower temperatures with respect to the polystyrene precursor because of the partial miscibility of the PS and the PI blocks. Comparing the glass transition temperature of the PS block of the three different end‐functionalized diblock copolymers, the analysis in this work shows that a large end‐group (i.e., the amine end‐group) yields a lower glass transition temperature of the polystyrene block. The modified diblock copolymers were characterized by means of broadband dielectric spectroscopy in order to compare the results of thermal analysis and to monitor the dielectric relaxation behavior which is associated with the different end‐functional groups. Comparing the dielectric loss of the pristine and the functionalized diblock copolymers, the segmental relaxation of the PS microphase is significantly influenced by the presence of these polar end‐functional groups.
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The Interaction of CORM‐2 with Block Copolymers Containing Poly(4‐vinylpyridine): Macromolecular Scaffolds for Carbon Monoxide Delivery in Biological Systems
Authors: Nguyen Diep , Adnan Nik Nik M. , Oliver Susan , Boyer Cyrille 
Published: March 2016

CORM‐2, tricarbonyldichlororuthenium(II) dimer (Ru2Cl4(CO)6), is a common carbon monoxide releasing molecule (CORM) studied both in vitro and in vivo, but this compound possesses poor water solubility and a short half‐life, which hinders its clinical development. Herein, for the first time the conjugation of CORM‐2 is reported with a copolymer containing poly(4‐vinylpyridine) to yield water‐soluble CO‐releasing polymeric nanoparticles. CORM‐2 is rapidly conjugated to copolymers through pyridine groups as confirmed by inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy. In comparison with free CORM‐2, the copolymers functionalized with CORM‐2 display better water solubility and the CO release from the polymer‐based CORM is slow and sustained. This study paves the way for the potential use of a copolymer encapsulating CORM‐2 as a therapeutic agent.
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Glycation in Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Vicente Miranda Hugo , El‐Agnaf Omar M. A. , Outeiro Tiago Fleming 
Published: March 2016

AbstractGlycation is a spontaneous age‐dependent posttranslational modification that can impact the structure and function of several proteins. Interestingly, glycation can be detected at the periphery of Lewy bodies in the brain in Parkinson's disease. Moreover, α‐synuclein can be glycated, at least under experimental conditions. In Alzheimer's disease, glycation of amyloid β peptide exacerbates its toxicity and contributes to neurodegeneration. Recent studies establish diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for several neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying this connection remain unclear. We hypothesize that hyperglycemia might play an important role in the development of these disorders, possibly by also inducing protein glycation and thereby dysfunction, aggregation, and deposition. Here, we explore protein glycation as a common player in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases and propose it may constitute a novel target for the development of strategies for neuroprotective therapeutic interventions. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Simultaneous dynamic R2, and measurement using periodic π pulse shifting multiecho asymmetric spin echo sequence moving estimation strategy: A feasibility study for lower extremity muscle
Authors: Wang Chengyan , Zhang Rui , Zhang Xiaodong , Wang He , Zhao Kai , Jin Lixin , Zhang Jue , Wang Xiaoying , Fang Jing 
Published: March 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of simultaneous dynamic R2,
, and
measurement of lower extremity muscle by means of a new method in which the periodic π pulse shifting multiecho asymmetric spin echo (psMASE) sequence is adopted together with a moving estimation (ME) strategy.Theory and MethodsThe psMASE sequence is a modification of the multiecho asymmetric spin echo sequence determined by shifting the 180 ° refocusing pulse periodically. ME strategy is introduced to improve the temporal resolution of the simultaneous dynamic measurement of R2,
, and
. Reproducibility measurements and comparison with reference methods were conducted. Furthermore, this method was tested on 10 healthy volunteers with the dynamic imaging of lower extremity muscles during a cuff occlusion release paradigm.ResultsBoth phantom and in vivo comparisons demonstrated that psMASE‐ME–based R2 and
had good agreement with those calculated by multiecho spin echo and gradient echo sequences. Scan–rescan tests showed good reproducibility. Moreover, muscle R2,
, and
increased obviously from rest to cuff occlusion and decreased significantly after cuff release.ConclusionIt is feasible to obtain high temporally resolved R2,
, and
simultaneously with the proposed psMASE‐ME method. Magn Reson Med 77:766–773, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
A microscale mesh numerical method for simulating tribological characteristics of sealing materials
Authors: Gong Ran , Zhang He , Che Huajun , Zhu Maotao , Xu Yi 
Published: March 2016

SummaryA numerical method based on the movable cellular automata (MCA) is presented. The proposed method aims to investigate the tribological characteristics of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyimide, and polyetheretherketone sealing polymer materials in the microscale. The microscale frictional behavior and wear processes of four sealing materials are vividly shown through this grid method. The formation of a mechanically mixed layer is visualized, and the rotation angles of the automata and number of worn cellular automata are obtained. Friction coefficients of the four sealing materials are calculated and compared on a microscale mesh. Tests are conducted on a special test rig of the seal. Scanning electron microscopy investigations reveal the wear patterns of the four sealing composites. Results indicate that the MCA simulations are consistent with the scanning electron microscopy investigations in terms of the wear mechanism. The proposed MCA method can be used to investigate and compare the tribological characteristics of different sealing materials, which will significantly improve the efficiency of sealing material selection. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shared decision‐making on a ‘life‐and‐care plan’ in long‐term care facilities: research protocol
Authors: Mariani Elena , Engels Yvonne , Koopmans Raymond , Chattat Rabih , Vernooij‐Dassen Myrra 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimTo determine whether the number of residents' preferences and needs together with the actions taken to satisfy them recorded into their ‘life‐and‐care plans’ will increase and the process of shared decision‐making will improve the residents' psychosocial well‐being.BackgroundShared decision‐making is defined as a process where healthcare professionals and patients make decisions together, using the best available evidence.The aims of the present study were to assess the feasibility and acceptability of an SDM framework for care planning in long‐term care facilities and its potential effectiveness on the proportion of dementia residents whose own preferences and needs and the related actions, are known, satisfied and documented in their ‘life‐and‐care plans’.DesignThe current project is a feasibility trial and it was approved in November 2013.MethodsResearch subjects are triads composed of the resident with dementia, a family caregiver and the professional usually taking care for the resident. Professional caregivers of two nursing homes, one located in Italy and one in the Netherlands, will receive a specific training in SDM principles and will guide the SDM interview in the triad. The primary outcome will be the proportion of residents whose preferences and needs, together with the related actions to meet them, are known, documented and satisfied in their ‘life‐and‐care plans’.Trial registrationNCT02118701.
Medication Discrepancies Associated With a Medication Reconciliation Program and Clinical Outcomes After Hospital Discharge
Authors: Shiu Jennifer R. , Fradette Miriam , Padwal Raj S. , Majumdar Sumit R. , Youngson Erik , Bakal Jeffrey A. , McAlister Finlay A. 
Published: March 2016

Study ObjectiveTo identify the frequency of unintended medication discrepancies 30 days postdischarge from medicine wards with interprofessional medication reconciliation processes and clinical import.MethodsProspective cohort study of adults discharged between October 2013 and November 2014 from two teaching hospitals in Edmonton, Canada. The Best Possible Medication Discharge Plan (BPMDP) was prepared for all patients. Patients were called 30 days postdischarge to determine the medication discrepancy rate from the BPMDP and whether this was intentional or unintentional; three clinicians used standardized criteria to determine if the discrepancy was inconsequential. Electronic health records and patient contact were used to ascertain death, hospital readmissions, and emergency department (ED) visits at 90 days.ResultsOf 433 patients (mean age 64 yrs, 52% female, median discharge prescriptions 6 [interquartile range 4–9]), 168 (38.8%) had at least one unintentional medication discrepancy at 30 days (325 total discrepancies; median one [interquartile range 1–2 discrepancies per patient]). Patients with unintentional medication discrepancies were older (65.9 vs 61.9 yrs, p=0.03) with more discharge medications (7 vs 6, p=0.03). Most unintentional discrepancies (91.1%) were judged inconsequential. The presence of an unintentional medication discrepancy was not associated with 90‐day readmission or death (42/167 [25.1%] vs 64/263 [24.3%], adjusted odds ratio 0.96 [95% confidence interval 0.60–1.54]) or ED visits (69 [41.3%] vs 101 [38.4%], adjusted odds ratio 1.11 [95% confidence interval 0.74–1.67].ConclusionDespite the presence of an interprofessional medication reconciliation process, over one‐third of patients had a medication discrepancy within 30 days of discharge, although most were inconsequential and there was no association between unintended medication discrepancies and risk of readmission, ED visit, or death 3 months after discharge.
Poly(lactic acid)‐based nanocomposites filled with cellulose nanocrystals with modified surface: all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Glova Artem D , Falkovich Stanislav G , Larin Sergey V , Mezhenskaia Daria A , Lukasheva Natalia V , Nazarychev Victor M , Tolmachev Dmitrii A , Mercurieva Anna A , Kenny José M , Lyulin Sergey V 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPolymer bio‐nanocomposites are widely used nowadays in various applications. One of the most promising polymers for producing such materials is poly(lactic acid) (PLA) filled with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). To increase the compatibility of hydrophobic PLA and hydrophilic cellulose, the surface of the latter can be chemically modified. Among the various surface modifications, the grafting of lactic acid oligomers (OLAs) is of special interest. In this paper, the first all‐atom molecular dynamics simulation of nanocomposites of PLA filled with CNCs with surface‐grafted OLAs is presented. The influence of the degree of modification of the CNCs with OLA chains on the PLA structure near the CNC surface and on the grafted OLA, as well as on the thermal and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites is studied. It is demonstrated that a 50% modification of CNCs with OLA chains leads to PLA expulsion from the CNC surface. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry