bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Missionaries as Communicators of Foreign Cultures
Authors: Räsänen Antti , Helander Eila 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This article examines the writings of Finnish missionaries: what the missionaries wrote about local people and cultures and how the content of their writings changed during the latter part of the 20th century, which was a period of major political and cultural change in the countries where the missionaries worked. The data consists of 526 writings published in the major Finnish mission journal Suomen Lähetyssanomat during the years 1946-1989. The primary methodological approach is quantitative, and the data is mainly analysed in a descriptive manner. Statistical tests are utilized to show the association between independent and dependent variables. The results are interpreted with the help of the concept of otherness. Missionaries’ writings reveal a more positive attitude towards local people than local cultures, but during the study period a change towards a more positive attitude to culture can be detected. The longer the history of Finnish missions in a particular region, the more positive the missionaries’ attitudes towards local people are. During the study period, the problem-oriented descriptions of cultures shift to solution-oriented descriptions. These changes indicate efforts towards a positive interpretation of otherness. The study reveals the possibilities that quantitative analysis may open up for mission studies.
Pilot study of orphenadrine as a novel treatment for muscle cramps in patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Abd-Elsalam Sherief , El-Kalla Ferial , Ali Lobna A , Mosaad Samah , Alkhalawany Walaa , Elemary Berihan , Badawi Rehab , Elzeftawy Asmaa , Hanafy Amr , Elfert Asem 
Published: September 2017

Background and aims Muscle cramps markedly affect the quality of life in cirrhotic patients with no available highly effective treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of orphenadrine in the treatment of muscle cramps in cirrhotic patients. Methods The study enrolled 30 liver cirrhosis patients complaining of frequent muscle cramps (≥3 per week), who were randomized to receive either orphenadrine 100 mg or calcium carbonate 500 mg twice daily as a control for one month. Severity, frequency, and duration of the muscle cramps were assessed before and after treatment as well as recurrence after washout of the drug for two weeks. Side effects were recorded. Results One month after treatment with orphenadrine; the frequency of muscle cramps decreased significantly to 0.6 ± 0.74 per week compared to 12.53 ± 6.01 at baseline ( p < 0.001), the duration of muscle cramps decreased from 1 min to 0.1 min after treatment ( p < 0.001). The pain score improved significantly from a score of 8/10 to 0/10 ( p < 0.001). The side effects were few, such as dry mouth, drowsiness, and nausea, with no significant difference between their occurrences in the two groups. Conclusion Orphenadrine is safe and effective in treatment of muscle cramps in patients with liver cirrhosis.
Changing communication ecologies in rural, peri-urban and urban Kenya
Authors: Gustafsson Jessica , Nielsen Poul Erik 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This article aims to discuss changing media ecologies in rural, peri-urban and urban Kenya. The article is based on a comprehensive baseline survey of 799 individuals carried out in October 2014 in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. The survey recorded media access and media use in relation to demographic data. The findings suggest that media ecologies in rural, peri-urban as well as urban Kenya have undergone dramatic changes. The much hyped and unprecedented spread of mobile telephony has taken place simultaneously with the introduction of or increased access to radio and television, including satellite television. Different emerging communication ecologies can be identified, often with radio providing a solid foundation and combining in different ways with television and mobile phones. Even though mobile ownership, for example, has increased in all segments and areas, gender inequalities are reproduced in relation to mobile phone access especially in the rural areas, while in urban areas the inequalities are less significant. This pattern is also visible in connection with television and social media use, thereby highlighting the fact that the urban–rural and gender divides often intersect.
Proposed Square Lattice Photonic Crystal Fiber for Extremely High Nonlinearity, Birefringence and Ultra-High Negative Dispersion Compensation
Authors: Islam Md. Ibadul , Ahmed Kawsar , Sen Shuvo , Paul Bikash Kumar , Islam Md. Shadidul , Chowdhury Sawrab , Hasan Md. Rabiul , Uddin Muhammad Shahin , Asaduzzaman Sayed , Bahar Ali Newaz 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
A photonic crystal fiber in square lattice architecture is numerically investigated and proposed for broadband dispersion compensation in optical transmission system. Simulation results reveal that it is possible to obtain an ultra-high negative dispersion of about −571.7 to −1889.7 (ps/nm.km) in the wavelength range of 1340 nm to 1640 nm. Experimentally it is demonstrated that the design fiber covers a high birefringence of order 4.74×10‒3 at the wavelength of 1550 nm. Here, numerical investigation of guiding properties and geometrical properties of the proposed PCF are conducted using the finite element method (FEM) with perfectly match layers. Moreover, it is established more firmly that the proposed fiber successfully compensates the chromatic dispersion of standard single mode in entire band of interest. Our result is attractive due to successfully achieve ultra-high negative dispersion that is more promisor than the prior best results.
Blink and you’ll miss it: a new biosensing strategy with nucleic acids
Authors: Sajja Sameer , Roark Brandon K. , Chandler Morgan , Jones Marcus 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFluorescent biosensors typically use energy or electron transfer to modulate the emission from a fluorophore. This requirement often makes it difficult to change the biosensor to make it selective to a difference target. In this research highlight we describe a recently reported strategy that relies, for the first time, on fluorescence blinking from nucleic acid-coupled quantum dots to report the presence of a target molecule. This strategy produces a decoupled biosensor, whose fluorescence output is not directly modulated by interaction with the target. The resulting biosensor can be readily modified to sense any target that can be selectively bound to nucleic acids and is therefore much more widely applicable than the vast majority of fluorescent sensors that have been reported.
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in human immunodeficiency virus-infected men: uncommonly low testosterone levels
Authors: Gomes Ana Coelho , Aragüés José Maria , Guerra Sílvia , Fernandes Joana , Mascarenhas Mário Rui 
Published: September 2017

Summary
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) is common and occurs prematurely in HIV-infected men. However, HH with very low testosterone has not been described. Three men with normal pubertal development and HIV1 diagnosis at the ages of 22, 34 and 35 years. All complained of decreased libido, anejaculation and erectile dysfunction thirteen years, six months and one year after HIV diagnosis, respectively. Two had depressive syndrome and two were treated with antiretroviral therapy. Laboratory tests revealed isolated HH in all. Sellar and head CT scans were normal and all had normal CD4 count. They started testosterone replacement therapy, with symptoms improvement. Causes of HH in HIV-infected men include undernutrition, severe illness, drugs, pituitary dysfunction and comorbidities. Despite having none of these conditions (except two that were treated with low-dose psychotropics), our patients had HH with uncommonly low testosterone. This suggests that a different mechanism contributes to severe HH in HIV-infected men.

Learning points:

The pathogenesis of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in HIV-infected men is multifactorial and androgen deficiency is more often a consequence of secondary hypogonadism than primary hypogonadism.

Causes of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in HIV-infected men include undernutrition, severe illness, drugs (psychotropics, opiates, megestrol acetate or steroids), pituitary dysfunction (tumor, hyperprolactinemia), an AIDS-related lesion (very rarely) and comorbid conditions, such as antibody to hepatitis C virus seropositivity and injection drug use.

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), particularly protease inhibitor therapy has been associated with sexual dysfunction in men, but the causal nature of this relation has not been clearly established.

Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with uncommonly low testosterone levels are not usually associated with the conditions referred and this suggests that a different mechanism could contribute to severe hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in HIV-infected men.

Screening for hypogonadism in all HIV-infected men might help to understand its etiology.
Shakhṣīyat Sunan Kalijaga fī taqālīd Mataram al-Islāmīyah
Authors: Nasuhi Hamid 
Published: September 2017

Sunan Kalijaga is one of the Wali (The Saint) who is very popular in Java. His name is increasingly popular because he was mentioned many times in a myriad of chronicles (babad) composed in the Islamic Mataram period, particularly since 17th century. Text written on the chronicles are hagiographic so that enormous things in the current Java, especially in the field of politic, culture, and religious is always cited as the creation of this Wali. The appearance and the story modification of puppet story, Lir-ilir song, bedug usage as salat signal, the legend of tatal (woodchips) in the establishment of the Demak Great Mosque, the sacrad cloth of Antakusuma, and etcetera, is deemed as the Sunan Kalijaga’s legacy. Therefore, he is being regarded as the representation of perfect human in view of the Javanese, not even less perfect than the kings who had ever ruled in Mataram Kingdom.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v24i1.5222
Effect of a low rank coal inoculated with coal solubilizing bacteria for the rehabilitation of a saline-sodic soil in field conditions
Authors: Cubillos Hinojosa Juan Guillermo , Valero Valero Nelson Osvaldo , Peralta Arnaldo De Jesús 
Published: September 2017

The aim of this research was to assessing changes on some chemical, biological and physical properties of a Salidic Calciustolls, in response enhanced by treatment with low rank coal (LRC) and coal solubilizing bacteria (CSB): Bacillus mycoides, Microbacterium sp and Acinetobacter baumannii, that release humified organic matter (HOM) due to biotrasnsformation of this coal. Over field conditions, plots of 5m2 were treated with the addition of LRC at a dose of 5kg/m2 and the inoculum of coal solubilizing bacteria in suspension of 1x108 bacteria.mL-1 at a dose of 100 mL/m2. Soil respiration, microbiological activity, lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase (MnP) and laccase (Lac) enzyme activities were determined. The variables associated with saline sodic soils (electrical conductivity – EC, sodium adsorption ratio – SAR and exchangeable sodium percentage – ESP), cation exchange capacity (CEC) and bulk density (BD) also were determined. The LRC application contributed to the decrease of EC, SAR and ESP, but were not observed significant changes in pH. No significant changes were found in the BD; however, treatment was able to increase soil respiration, microbiological activity, and stimulation of LiP, MnP and Lac enzymes activity, as well as an increase in soil CEC. These results suggest the possibility of using the LRC as HOM source for the rehabilitation of degraded saline soils, considering that this kind of involvement is a common problem in soils of the Cesar River Valley in the Colombian Caribbean dry lands influenced by coal mining opencast. Keywords: lignite, humic substances, biotransformation coal, soil salinity
Sistema de avaliação de desempenho logístico: proposta para uma rede de suprimentos de uma Instituição Pública de Ensino Superior
Authors: Neto Alberto de Oliveira Cardoso , Neto Francisco Pereira Ferreira , Nunes Denilson Ricardo de Lucena , Melo André Cristiano Silva , Martins Vitor 
Published: September 2017

A recente busca por eficiência nas empresas públicas no Brasil foi um dos motivadores da elaboração deste artigo, que teve como objeto de estudo uma Intituição de Ensino Superior (IES) pública. A IES estudada apresenta uma estrutura multi-campi e a distribuição de seus itens de consumo é realizada pelo almoxarifado da própria instituição. A partir de uma pesquisa de campo, foi possível observar que o suprimento desses itens apresentava alguns problemas, por exemplo, falta de itens nos estoques das unidades, pedidos com entrega atrasada, itens no estoque de algumas unidades com validade vencida, etc. Diante disso, este artigo teve o objetivo de propor um sistema de avaliação do serviço logístico na IES estudada, a partir de indicadores de desempenho elaborados mediante a percepção dos gestores quanto à problemática na distribuição de itens de consumo. Além disso, foi proposto um índice, calculado a partir dos indicadores, capaz de expressar o desempenho do serviço logístico da IES estudada, que reflete a percepção dos principais usuários esse serviço.Entende-se que a solução aqui proposta pode ser aplicada em qualquer rede de suprimentos com duas camadas.
Efecto de un protocolo de ejercicio por cuatro semanas sobre el peso corporal y la glucemia en rata Wistar
Authors: Alcantar González Blanca Viridiana , Trujillo Xóchitl , Huerta Miguel 
Published: September 2017

Durante el ejercicio, los requerimientos de glucosa por los tejidos se incrementan, particularmente en el músculo esquelético; durante el ejercicio de intensidad moderada (60-75% VO2máx); el incremento de glucosa es debido a un aumento en la relación glucagon venoso-insulina (Engler 2006). En el presente trabajo se determinó el efecto del ejercicio de resistencia aeróbica durante cuatro semanas sobre el peso corporal y los niveles de glucosa sanguínea en ratas Wistar. Los animales recibieron entrenamiento en una banda sinfín (Modular Enclosed Treadmill; Columbus Instrument, Columbus, OH, USA), cero grados de inclinación, con incorporación de dispositivo eléctrico de 10 mV. El protocolo de marcha se aplicó en sesiones de 30 min/día, a una velocidad de 10 m/min con una frecuencia de 5 veces/semana durante 4 semanas. Se midió el peso corporal y la glucosa sanguínea. Se determinó la Curva de Tolerancia Oral a la Glucosa (CTOG) en sangre en ayuno de 12 horas al inicio y al fin de cuatro semanas de ejercicio. La diferencia entre los grupos se analizó mediante la prueba estadística t de Student para comparación de medias, considerando una p≤0.05 como significativa. Después de cuatro semanas de entrenamiento, los grupos no mostraron diferencias significativas en el peso corporal 262.0±31.78 g al inicio y 292.01±35.62 g al final en el grupo control (p>0.05) vs. 282.75±25.91 g al inicio y 301.47±31.38 al final en el grupo de ratas entrenadas (p>0.05). Asimismo, los niveles de glucosa sanguínea antes y después del protocolo de ejercicio no se modificaron significativamente entre los grupos de estudio, siendo en el grupo control de 73.5±3.8 g/dL al inicio y 83.5±2.38 g/dL después de las 4 semanas de estudio; mientras que en el grupo experimental el nivel de glucosa sanguíneo disminuyó de 91.0±7.43 g/dL al inicio a 85.7±7.0 g/dL al final de las 4 semanas del protocolo de entrenamiento; sin embargo, esta diferencia no fue significativa entre los grupos (p>0.05). La CTOG antes y después del protocolo de ejercicio tendió a ser similar en ambos grupos de estudio.
Práctica de actividad física y deporte, asociacionismo e intención de práctica futura en un grupo de adolescentes de 12 a 16 años
Authors: Luis-de Cos Izaskun , Luis-de Cos Gurutze , Arribas-Galarraga Silvia 
Published: September 2017

Resumen
El presente estudio analiza la frecuencia de práctica físico-deportiva de adolescentes que cursan Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria, fijándose en el nivel de pertenencia a un club organizado y su intención de práctica futura. La muestra la componen 986 jóvenes vascos de entre 12 y 16 años. Se empleó una metodología cuantitativa de naturaleza descriptiva y correlacional. Entre los resultados obtenidos podemos destacar que el 84,4% de los sujetos analizados realiza práctica de actividad físico-deportiva; el 58,4% realiza su actividad físico-deportiva asociado a un club, siendo las relaciones entre ambas variables estadísticamente significativas. Se concluye que los adolescentes que realizan actividad físico-deportiva con mayor frecuencia son quienes están asociados a clubes, siendo este colectivo el que presenta mayor intención de práctica futura.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN LEARNING CYCLE 5E TERHADAP PENGUASAAN KONSEP SISTEM PEREDARAN DARAH MANUSIA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 19 PALEMBANG
Authors: Choirunniswah Choirunniswah , Afriansyah Dini , Veronika Titin 
Published: September 2017

This study aims to determine the effect of Learning Cycle 5E learning model on the mastery ofthe concept of human circulatory system. This research was conducted at State Junior HighSchool 19 Palembang on January 04 until February 19, 2017. The research method used in thisresearch is a quasi experiment with Noquivalent Control Group Design research design.Population in this study all students of class VIII SMP Negeri 19 Palembang consisting of 8classes, amounting to 298 students. Sampling was used by using purvosive sampling technique.The sample of this study class VIII.7 as the experiment amounted to 38 and class VIII.8 as acontrol class amounted to 35 students. In the learning process, experimental class is taught byusing Learning Cycle 5E model and control class is taught with Direct Intruction model. Dataretrieval uses conception master test with open multiple choice form which has been tested forits validity and reliability. The results of this study indicate that the average N-gain of theexperimental class is 0.69 which belongs to the medium category and the average N-gain forthe control class is 0.30 which belongs to the low category. Data analysis using t-test withsignificant level 0,05 obtained tcount = 6,568 while ttabel = 1,669 seen that tcount. Therefore(Ha) accepted and (H0) rejected thus can be concluded that there is a significant influence onLearning Cycle 5E learning model on the mastery of the concept of circulation system ofhuman class VIII SMP Negeri 19 Palembang
Studi Populasi Owa Jawa (Hylobates moloch) di Lereng Gunung Slamet Jawa Tengah
Authors: Wahyuni Sri , Nasution Erie Kolya 
Published: September 2017

Javanese Gibbon (Hylobates moloch) is the endemic primate species in Indonesia. IUCN - World Concervation has given this species an endangered status. The habitat Hylobates moloch’s were found at Slamet Mountain in Central Java. The study entitled "Study of Javanese Gibbon (Hylobates moloch) Population in Slopes of Slamet Mountain, Central Java" aimed to determine the number of population in slopes of Mount Slamet. This research was conducted in the exact line these July -November 2013, the survey method with stratified sampling base on line transect method was used in this research. Transects pathway in this study used existing pathways wich the passed and cut the contour of research sites. Javanese Gibbon (Hylobates moloch) obtained along the transect was calculated and analyzed using perpendiculars distance approach (DISTANCE 5.0’s software). Analysis by DISTANCE 5.0 showed that the density of Javanese Gibbon (Hylobates moloch) at Slamet Mountain in 170 km2 area was 0.26 individual/km2, coefficient of variation was 34.88 % , lower limit of 95 % confidence interval was 0.13365 to 0.51981. Based on the analysis, total number of javanese gibbon population at Slamet Mountain was 45 individuals of the density 0.26 individuals/km2.
Efektivitas Bacillus thuringiensis dalam Pengendalian Larva Nyamuk Anopheles sp.
Authors: Wibowo Citra Inneke 
Published: September 2017

Nyamuk Anopheles sp adalah vektor penyakit malaria. Pengendalian vektor penyakit malaria dapat dilakukan secara biologis yaitu dengan menggunakan Bacillus thuringiensis. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas konsentrasi Bacillus thuringiensis dalam pengendalian larva nyamuk Anopheles sp.Penelitian ini dilakukan secara eksperimental menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial (RAL Faktorial) yang terdiri atas dua faktor yaitu konsentrasi Bacillus thuringiensis dan stadia larva Anopheles dengan pengulangan tiga kali.Perlakuan yang dicobakan adalahkonsentrasi Bacillus thuringiensis (A) yang terdiri atas 5 taraf:A0: konsentrasi B.thuringiensis 0 CFU.mL-1, A1: konsentrasi B.thuringiensis 102 CFU.mL-1, A2: konsentrasi B.thuringiensis 104 CFU.mL-1, A3: konsentrasi B.thuringiensis 106CFU.mL-1, A4: konsentrasi B.thuringiensis 108CFU.mL-1. Perlakuan tahapan instar larva Anopheles sp. (B) adalah sebagai berikut:B1: stadia larva instar I, B2: stadia larva instar II, B3: stadia larva instar III, B4: stadia larva instar IVsehingga terdapat 60 satuan percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi B. thuringiensis isolat CK dan IPB CC yang paling berpengaruh dalam pengendalian larva Anopheles sp adalah 108 CFU.mL-1 . Instar larva yang paling peka terhadap B. thuringiensis isolat IPB CC adalah instar I dan II sedangkan instar yang peka terhadap isolat CK adalah instar II, Perlakuan konsentrasi isolat B. thuringiensis dan tingkat instar larva yang paling baik dalam pengendalian larva Anopheles sp. adalah 108 CFU.mL-1, dan instar I dan II.
An Asset Allocation Model and Its Solving Method
Authors: Zhang Qingye , Gao Yan 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Asset allocation is an important issue in finance, and both risk and return are its fundamental ingredients. Rather than the return, the measure of the risk is complicated and of controversy. In this paper, we propose an appropriate risk measure which is precisely a convex combination of mean semi-deviation and conditional value-at-risk. Based on this risk measure, investors can trade-off flexibly between the volatility and the loss to tackle the incurring risk by choosing different convex coefficients. As the presented risk measure contains nonsmooth term, the asset allocation model based on it is nonsmooth. To employ traditional gradient algorithms, we develop a uniform smooth approximation of the plus function and convert the model into a smooth one. Finally, an illustrative empirical study is given. The results indicate that investors can control risk efficiently by adjusting the convex coefficient and the confidence level simultaneously according to their perceptions. Moreover, the effectiveness of the smoothing function proposed in the paper is verified.
Performance Analysis of a Discrete-Time Queue with Working Breakdowns and Searching for the Optimum Service Rate in Working Breakdown Period
Authors: Lan Shaojun , Tang Yinghui 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This paper deals with a discrete-time Geo/Geo/1 queueing system with working breakdowns in which customers arrive at the system in variable input rates according to the states of the server. The server may be subject to breakdowns at random when it is in operation. As soon as the server fails, a repair process immediately begins. During the repair period, the defective server still provides service for the waiting customers at a lower service rate rather than completely stopping service. We analyze the stability condition for the considered system. Using the probability generating function technique, we obtain the probability generating function of the steady-state queue size distribution. Also, various important performance measures are derived explicitly. Furthermore, some numerical results are provided to carry out the sensitivity analysis so as to illustrate the effect of different parameters on the system performance measures. Finally, an operating cost function is formulated to model a computer system and the parabolic method is employed to numerically find the optimum service rate in working breakdown period.