bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MODELING EMERGENCY PLANNING AND RECOVERY
Authors: Campbell Michael , Dam Steven H. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper is to establish the benefit of planning using model‐based systems engineering (MBSE) techniques before a hazard that could affect critical assets and to identify the risks associated after an event has occurred to establish the means of recovery for critical assets. MBSE provides a systematic approach to developing executable plans through visualizing the processes; identifying resource limitations and gaps; identifying investment requirements for mitigating and recovery from disasters; and estimating the costs associated with the entire emergency planning, preparedness, and recovery.The scope of this paper includes the policies that have been set forth by domestic and international government and non‐governmental organizations that cover the methods of planning and recovering from an event. We will also discuss the benefits of modeling and how to utilize systems engineering methods and tools to allocate resources, identify gaps, itemize cost schedules, develop timelines, and use simulation to aid in the planning process. The proper use of technology and protection of networks during an event allows the planning process to transition smartly into recovery.The background for this paper comes from applying MBSE to disaster management and recovery for the United States (US) government, which resulted in the development of the Assessment of Disaster Readiness Tool (ADRT). ADRT is a strategic concept and framework, which includes a measurable baseline assessment of a designated partner nation's disaster readiness / resiliency level, supported by a strategic disaster management (response) plan (DMP/DRP) for improvement. ADRT is free and can be used by planners worldwide.
Femoral Neck External Size but not aBMD Predicts Structural and Mass Changes for Women Transitioning Through Menopause
Authors: Jepsen Karl J , Kozminski Andrew , Bigelow Erin MR , Schlecht Stephen H , Goulet Robert W , Harlow Sioban D , Cauley Jane A , Karvonen‐Gutierrez Carrie 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe impact of adult bone traits on changes in bone structure and mass during aging is not well understood. Having shown that intracortical remodeling correlates with external size of adult long bones led us to hypothesize that age‐related changes in bone traits also depend on external bone size. We analyzed hip dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry images acquired longitudinally over 14 years for 198 midlife women transitioning through menopause. The 14‐year change in bone mineral content (BMC, R2 = 0.03, p = 0.015) and bone area (R2 = 0.13, p = 0.001), but not areal bone mineral density (aBMD, R2 = 0.00, p = 0.931) correlated negatively with baseline femoral neck external size, adjusted for body size using the residuals from a linear regression between baseline bone area and height. The dependence of the 14‐year changes in BMC and bone area on baseline bone area remained significant after adjusting for race/ethnicity, postmenopausal hormone use, the 14‐year change in weight, and baseline aBMD, weight, height, and age. Women were sorted into tertiles using the baseline bone area‐height residuals. The 14‐year change in BMC (p = 0.009) and bone area (p = 0.001) but not aBMD (p = 0.788) differed across the tertiles. This suggested that women showed similar changes in aBMD for different structural and biological reasons: women with narrow femoral necks showed smaller changes in BMC but greater increases in bone area compared to women with wide femoral necks who showed greater losses in BMC but without large compensatory increases in bone area. This finding is opposite to expectations that periosteal expansion acts to mechanically offset bone loss. Thus, changes in femoral neck structure and mass during menopause vary widely among women and are predicted by baseline external bone size but not aBMD. How these different structural and mass changes affect individual strength‐decline trajectories remains to be determined. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Post‐acquisition integration processes in publicly owned professional service companies: Senior professional behaviour and company performance
Authors: Pickering Mark Edward 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThe client relationships and tacit knowledge of professionals are professional service firms' (PSFs') major value creating resources producing challenges in generating post‐merger and acquisition value and risks of reducing the productivity or losing key professionals and their clients. The recent emergence of publicly owned PSFs and rapid growth through consolidating smaller privately owned firms potentially increases this risk by integrating small firms and their professionals into large public companies that may be governed very differently. This study explores post‐acquisition integration processes: professional behaviours and associated performance implications in two highly acquisitive publicly owned accounting companies. In one company, the integration process was rapid and heavily directed by senior management, while in the second company, integration was more gradual, initially undirected but then facilitated by senior management. The findings suggest that integration processes can impact the behaviour of professionals and acquiring firm performance. This research contributes to the understanding of post‐acquisition integration processes in PSFs and decision‐making and professional behaviour in recently emerged publicly owned PSFs. The study contributes to knowledge‐based theory by identifying factors that can affect the decision authority of executives and how organisational behaviour can constrain the implementation of executive integration decisions. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abnormal fetal muscle forces result in defects in spinal curvature and alterations in vertebral segmentation and shape
Authors: Rolfe Rebecca A. , Bezer James H. , Kim Tyler , Zaidon Ahmed Z. , Oyen Michelle L. , Iatridis James C. , Nowlan Niamh C. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe incidence of congenital spine deformities, including congenital scoliosis, kyphosis, and lordosis, may be influenced by the in utero mechanical environment, and particularly by fetal movements at critical time‐points. There is a limited understanding of the influence of fetal movements on spinal development, despite the fact that mechanical forces have been shown to play an essential role in skeletal development of the limb. This study investigates the effects of muscle forces on spinal curvature, vertebral segmentation, and vertebral shape by inducing rigid or flaccid paralysis in the embryonic chick. The critical time‐points for the influence of fetal movements on spinal development were identified by varying the time of onset of paralysis. Prolonged rigid paralysis induced severe defects in the spine, including curvature abnormalities, posterior and anterior vertebral fusions, and altered vertebral shape, while flaccid paralysis did not affect spinal curvature or vertebral segmentation. Early rigid paralysis resulted in more severe abnormalities in the spine than later rigid paralysis. The findings of this study support the hypothesis that the timing and nature of fetal muscle activity are critical influences on the normal development of the spine, with implications for the understanding of congenital spine deformities. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2135–2144, 2017.
Effects of local vanadium delivery on diabetic fracture healing
Authors: Ippolito Joseph A. , Krell Ethan S. , Cottrell Jessica , Meyer Ryan , Clark Devin , Nguyen Daniel , Sudah Suleiman , Muñoz Maximillian , Lim Elisha , Lin Anthony , Lee Thomas Jae Hoon , O'Connor James Patrick , Benevenia Joseph , Lin Sheldon S. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThis study evaluated the effect of local vanadyl acetylacetonate (VAC), an insulin mimetic agent, upon the early and late parameters of fracture healing in rats using a standard femur fracture model. Mechanical testing, and radiographic scoring were performed, as well as histomorphometry, including percent bone, percent cartilage, and osteoclast numbers. Fractures treated with local 1.5 mg/kg VAC possessed significantly increased mechanical properties compared to controls at 6 weeks post‐fracture, including increased torque to failure (15%; p = 0.046), shear modulus (89%; p = 0.043), and shear stress (81%; p = 0.009). The radiographic scoring analysis showed increased cortical bridging at 4 weeks and 6 weeks (119%; p = 0.036 and 209%; p = 0.002) in 1.5 mg/kg VAC treated groups. Histomorphometry of the fracture callus at days 10 and 14 showed increased percent cartilage (121%; p = 0.009 and 45%; p = 0.035) and percent mineralized tissue (66%; p = 0.035 and 58%; p = 0.006) with local VAC treated groups compared to control. Additionally, fewer osteoclasts were observed in the local VAC treated animals as compared to controls at day 14 (0.45% ± 0.29% vs. 0.83% ± 0.36% of callus area; p = 0.032). The results suggest local administration of VAC acts to modulate osteoclast activity and increase percentage of early callus cartilage, ultimately enhancing mechanical properties comparably to non‐diabetic animals treated with local VAC. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2174–2180, 2017.
Detrital input to spring‐fed fen deposits – a problem or an opportunity in palaeoenvironmental studies? A Holocene palaeoclimatic reconstruction from central Europe
Authors: Apolinarska Karina , Gałka Mariusz 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe sedimentary sequence of a spring‐fed fen located in north‐east Poland was investigated to verify the applicability of spring‐fed fen deposits in palaeoenvironmental studies. We hypothesize that spring‐fed fen deposits accumulated on the hill slope are a reliable proxy for regional hydrological changes, although they may be modified by local factors. Results of combined sedimentological, plant macrofossil, geochemical and isotopic analyses were compared with palaeoclimatic reconstructions at the nearby lakes Purwin, Kojle and Perty situated within the same sedimentary basin. The 700‐cm‐long sediment sequence from the fen was deposited between 10 900 cal a BP and recent times. The sequence starts with a lacustrine stage, but ca. 9200 cal a BP the lake changed into a spring‐fed fen functioning within a fen surrounding Lake Purwin. Highly variable SiO2 content and stable isotope (δ13C and δ18O) values of carbonates, both controlled by inwash of detrital material from young glacial deposits, were found to reflect changes in hydrology with major regional shifts in climate humidity being recorded. Links were found with lake level changes and peatland record of humidity in northern and eastern Poland, the Baltic area and Central Europe, and with climatic records in Scandinavia.
A prospective clinical assessment of anatomic variability of the submental vascularized lymph node flap
Authors: Cheng Ming‐Huei , Lin Chia‐Yu , Patel Ketan M. 
Published: January 2017

IntroductionThe vascularized submental lymph node (VSLN) flap has become a popular choice for the treatment of lymphedema. Despite its favorable characteristics, anatomic variability exists, making the harvest of this flap challenging. Knowledge and characterization of anatomic variability can aid the surgeon in safe and effective flap harvest.MethodsA prospective analysis of all patients who underwent VSLN flap transfer for lymphedema was performed. Demographics, operative details, and post‐operative recovery were analyzed for included patients. Intraoperative videography and detailed anatomic drawings of each case were reviewed to accurately account for anatomic variability and details.ResultsForty‐two patients were identified during the study period. Arteriovenous anatomic variability (A1–A2 and V1–V4) existed, with most patients having the artery and vein present superior to the submandibular gland (A1V1; 31%), with other combinations occurring less frequently. Flap harvest time was found to be significantly increased with an intraglandular arterial course (P < 0.01).ConclusionsThe VSLN flap can be safely and effectively harvested with knowledge of arteriovenous anatomic variability. Most commonly, the artery and vein travel together superior to the submandibular gland, but other variations exist, which may add time to surgical flap harvest and increased need for dissection. J. Surg. Oncol. 2017;115:43–47. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Similar community assembly mechanisms underlie similar biogeography of rare and abundant bacteria in lakes on Yungui Plateau, China
Authors: Liao Jingqiu , Cao Xiaofeng , Wang Jie , Zhao Lei , Sun Jinhua , Jiang Dalin , Huang Yi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe revolution of molecular techniques in the field of microbial ecology not only allows an in‐depth exploration of abundant bacteria, but also confirms the existence of “rare biosphere.” However, the mechanisms underlying the assembly process of abundant and rare bacteria in plateau lakes are still poorly understood. In the present study, distribution of abundant and rare bacteria in 21 lakes on Yungui Plateau, China and the relative importance of deterministic and neutral factors to their biogeographic patterns were examined. Results surprisingly showed that similar biogeographic patterns of rare and abundant taxa were generally shaped via similar assembly mechanisms. For both bacterial groups, deterministic process strongly influenced the distribution, while neutral process was not at play. In addition, they both exhibited a weak distance–decay relationship. Nevertheless, environmental drivers of rare and abundant taxa and their importance were not exactly the same. Water physicochemical property was the most dominant driver shaping the biogeographic pattern of rare taxa, followed by lake morphology and watershed land‐use, while for abundant taxa, watershed land‐use was the most dominant driver and lake morphology did not play a significant role. This study suggested that rare bacteria in high‐altitude aquatic ecosystems might experience equally low extinction risk and respond to environmental changes in a similar manner to abundant ones, but their ecological niches and functions were not identical. To fully understand the assembly mechanism of bacterial community, it is necessary to differentiate the community by traits of taxa.
Drugs in Clinical Trials for Alzheimer's Disease: The Major Trends
Authors: Bachurin Sergey O. , Bovina Elena V. , Ustyugov Aleksey A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative process resulting from the intracellular and extracellular accumulation of fibrillary proteins: beta‐amyloid and hyperphosphorylated Tau. Overaccumulation of these aggregates leads to synaptic dysfunction and subsequent neuronal loss. The precise molecular mechanisms of AD are still not fully understood but it is clear that AD is a multifactorial disorder and that advanced age is the main risk factor. Over the last decade, more than 50 drug candidates have successfully passed phase II clinical trials, but none has passed phase III. Here, we summarize data on current “anti‐Alzheimer's” agents currently in clinical trials based on findings available in the Thomson Reuters «Integrity» database, on the public website www.clinicaltrials.gov, and on database of the website Alzforum.org. As a result, it was possible to outline some major trends in AD drug discovery: (i) the development of compounds acting on the main stages of the pathogenesis of the disease (the so‐called “disease‐modifying agents”) — these drugs could potentially slow the development of structural and functional abnormalities in the central nervous system providing sustainable improvements of cognitive functions, which persist even after drug withdrawal; (ii) focused design of multitargeted drugs acting on multiple molecular targets involved in the pathogenesis of the disease; (3) finally, the repositioning of old drugs for new (anti‐Alzheimer's) application offers a very attractive approach to facilitate the completion of clinical trials.
Fractal analysis of visual search activity for mass detection during mammographic screening
Authors: Alamudun Folami , Yoon Hong‐Jun , Hudson Kathleen B. , Morin‐Ducote Garnetta , Hammond Tracy , Tourassi Georgia D. 
Published: January 2017

PurposeThe objective of this study was to assess the complexity of human visual search activity during mammographic screening using fractal analysis and to investigate its relationship with case and reader characteristics.MethodsThe study was performed for the task of mammographic screening with simultaneous viewing of four coordinated breast views as typically done in clinical practice. Eye‐tracking data and diagnostic decisions collected for 100 mammographic cases (25 normal, 25 benign, 50 malignant) from 10 readers (three board certified radiologists and seven Radiology residents), formed the corpus for this study. The fractal dimension of the readers' visual scanning pattern was computed with the Minkowski–Bouligand box‐counting method and used as a measure of gaze complexity. Individual factor and group‐based interaction ANOVA analysis was performed to study the association between fractal dimension, case pathology, breast density, and reader experience level. The consistency of the observed trends depending on gaze data representation was also examined.ResultsCase pathology, breast density, reader experience level, and individual reader differences are all independent predictors of the complexity of visual scanning pattern when screening for breast cancer. No higher order effects were found to be significant.ConclusionsFractal characterization of visual search behavior during mammographic screening is dependent on case properties and image reader characteristics.
Exercise in myasthenia gravis: A feasibility study of aerobic and resistance training
Authors: Rahbek Martin Amadeus , Mikkelsen Erik Elgaard , Overgaard Kristian , Vinge Lotte , Andersen Henning , Dalgas Ulrik 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTIntroduction: It has not been established whether progressive resistance training (PRT) and aerobic training (AT) are feasible and efficient in myasthenia gravis (MG). Methods: Fifteen subjects with generalized MG (Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) clinical classification II–IV) were randomly assigned to 20 training sessions during 8 weeks of either PRT or AT. Feasibility was evaluated based on adherence, drop‐out rate, adverse events, and Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis (QMG) score. Results: Twelve subjects (MGFA II, n = 11; MGFA III, n=1) completed the intervention with a mean adherence of 95 % ± 8. One dropout (PRT) could potentially be related to PRT. Both groups reported adverse events, including bulbar symptoms (n = 2) and increased fatigue (n = 3), but no change in QMG score was observed in either group. The PRT group showed increases in maximal strength and functional capacity. Conclusions: Eight weeks of moderate to high intensity AT and PRT were feasible for most patients with mild MG. Maximal strength and functional capacity increased in the PRT group. Muscle Nerve 56: 700–709, 2017
Changes in spatiotemporal gait parameters following intravenous immunoglobulin treatment for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Authors: Vo Mary L. , Chin Russell L. , Miranda Caroline , Latov Norman 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTIntroductionGait impairment is a common presenting symptom in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). However, gait parameters have not previously been evaluated in detail as potential independent outcome measures.MethodsWe prospectively measured changes in spatiotemporal gait parameters of 20 patients with CIDP at baseline and following treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), using GAITRite® a computerized walkway system with embedded sensors.ResultsOverall, study patients showed significant improvements in gait velocity, cadence, stride length, double support time, stance phase, and swing phase following IVIG treatment. Mean changes in velocity, stance phase, and swing phase, exhibited the greatest statistical significance among the subgroup that exhibited clinically meaningful improvement in Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment disability score, Medical Research Council sum score, and grip strength.ConclusionsAssessment of gait parameters, in particular velocity, step phase and swing phase, is a potentially sensitive outcome measure for evaluating treatment response in CIDP. Muscle Nerve 56: 732–736, 2017
Fuzzy modeling of holding capacity of offshore suction caisson anchors
Authors: Kim Yeesock , Ahn Jaehun , Jung Jongwon 
Published: January 2017

SummaryA fuzzy algorithm, the Takagi–Sugeno model, is implemented to develop a fuzzy inference system for predicting the holding capacity of suction caisson foundations for offshore platforms. The premise parameters of the fuzzy model are optimized by using a subtractive clustering algorithm. The consequent parameters are optimally determined via a weighted least square estimation. The input variables used for training the fuzzy model include the aspect ratio of the caisson, the undrained shear strength of the clay, and the angle that the chain force forms with the horizontal. The output of the proposed fuzzy model is the capacity of the suction caisson anchor. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the fuzzy modeling framework, the results of extensive finite element analyses are investigated. Comparisons of the trained fuzzy model with the data demonstrate that the proposed modeling framework is an effective method to estimate the holding capacity of offshore suction caisson systems. Moreover, the performance of the fuzzy model is robust against higher levels of input data uncertainties. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incidence and risk estimate of drug‐induced agranulocytosis in Hong Kong Chinese. A population‐based case–control study
Authors: Sing Chor‐Wing , Wong Ian C. K. , Cheung Bernard M. Y. , Chan Johnny C. Y. , Chu Jody K. P. , Cheung Ching‐Lung 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPurposeDrug‐induced agranulocytosis is a rare but life‐threatening adverse drug reaction. Its epidemiology in Chinese is largely unknown. This study aimed to estimate the incidence, mortality, and risk of the drugs associated with agranulocytosis in Hong Kong Chinese.MethodsA population‐based case–control study was conducted using the Clinical Data Analysis and Reporting System, a database managed by the Hong Kong Hospital Authority. Patients with drug‐induced agranulocytosis from 1 January 2004 to 31 December 2013 were identified. World Health Organization causality assessment was used to evaluate the possible drug aetiology of each case. Odd ratios (ORs) of the drug exposure were calculated using exact conditional logistic regression.ResultsA total of 155 cases of drug‐induced agranulocytosis were identified. Mean age was 51.4 years, and 95 cases were female. Incidence rate was estimated to be 2.2 cases per million person‐years, and the all‐cause mortality of patients with drug‐induced agranulocytosis was 3.9%. Among the cases, the most common associated drug groups were antithyroid drugs (41.9%), antimicrobials (20%), anticonvulsants (10.3%), and antipsychotics (6.5%). Carbimazole had the highest risk of agranulocytosis (adjusted OR 416.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 51.5–3372.9) with an incidence of 9.2 (95%CI 6.9–12.1) per 10 000 users and 3.6 (95%CI 2.7–4.8) per 10 000 user‐years. Other drugs with significant risk included cephalosporins, clozapine, penicillins, phenytoin, and propyl thiouracil.ConclusionsThe incidence and mortality in Hong Kong Chinese were relatively low compared to Caucasians. Antithyroid drugs were the most common implicated drug class, and carbimazole had the highest risk of agranulocytosis. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.