bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An efficient routing protocol for the QoS support of large‐scale MANETs
Authors: Nazhad Seyed Hossein Hosseini , Shojafar Mohammad , Shamshirband Shahaboddin , Conti Mauro 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThe hierarchical routing algorithm is categorized as a kind of routing method using node clustering to create a hierarchical structure in large‐scale mobile ad hoc network (LMANET). In this paper, we proposed a new hierarchical clustering algorithm (HCAL) and a corresponded protocol for hierarchical routing in LMANET. The HCAL is designed based on a cost metric in the form of the link expiration time and node's relative degree. Correspondingly, the routing protocol for HCAL adopts a reactive protocol to control the existing cluster head (CH) nodes and handle proactive nodes to be considered as a cluster in LMANET. Hierarchical clustering algorithm jointly utilizes table‐driven and on‐demand routing by using a combined weight metric to search dominant set of nodes. This set is composed by link expiration time and node's relative degree to establish the intra/intercommunication paths in LMANET. The performance of the proposed algorithm and protocol is numerically evaluated in average end‐to‐end delay, number of CH per round, iteration count between the CHs, average CH keeping time, normalized routing overhead, and packet delivery ratio over a number of randomly generated benchmark scenarios. Furthermore, to corroborate the actual effectiveness of the HCAL algorithm, extensive performance comparisons are carried out with some state‐of‐the‐art routing algorithms, namely, Dynamic Doppler Velocity Clustering, Signal Characteristic‐Based Clustering, Dynamic Link Duration Clustering, and mobility‐based clustering algorithms.
Supra‐Additive Interaction of Docosahexaenoic Acid and Naproxen and Gastric Safety on the Formalin Test in Rats
Authors: Arroyo‐Lira Arlette Guadalupe , Rodríguez‐Ramos Fernando , Ortiz Mario I. , Castañeda‐Hernández Gilberto , Chávez‐Piña Aracely Evangelina 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Preclinical Research

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics—nociception—of naproxen in rats, as well as to determine the gastric safety resulting from this combination versus naproxen alone. Female Wistar rats were orally administered DHA, naproxen or the DHA‐naproxen mixture at fixed‐ratio combination of 1:3. The antinociceptive effect was evaluated using the formalin test. The gastric injury was determined 3 h after naproxen administration. An isobolographic analysis was performed to characterize the antinociceptive interaction between DHA and naproxen. To determine the possibility of pharmacokinetic interactions, the oral bioavailability of naproxen was evaluated in presence and absence of oral DHA. The experimental effective dose ED30 values (Zexp) were decreased from theoretical additive dose values (Zadd; P < 0.05). The isobolographic analysis showed that the combination exhibited supra‐additive interaction. The oral administration of DHA increased the pharmacokinetic parameter AUC0‐t of naproxen (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the gastric damage induced by naproxen was abolished when this drug was combined with DHA. These data suggest that oral administration of DHA‐naproxen combination induces gastric safety and supra‐additive antinociceptive effect in the formalin test so that this combination could be useful to management of inflammatory pain. Drug Dev Res 78 : 332‐339, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genomic timetree and historical biogeography of Caribbean island ameiva lizards (Pholidoscelis: Teiidae)
Authors: Tucker Derek B. , Hedges Stephen Blair , Colli Guarino R. , Pyron Robert Alexander , Sites Jack W. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic history of Caribbean island ameivas (Pholidoscelis) are not well‐known because of incomplete sampling, conflicting datasets, and poor support for many clades. Here, we use phylogenomic and mitochondrial DNA datasets to reconstruct a well‐supported phylogeny and assess historical colonization patterns in the group. We obtained sequence data from 316 nuclear loci and one mitochondrial marker for 16 of 19 extant species of the Caribbean endemic genus Pholidoscelis. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out using both concatenation and species tree approaches. To estimate divergence times, we used fossil teiids to calibrate a timetree which was used to elucidate the historical biogeography of these lizards. All phylogenetic analyses recovered four well‐supported species groups (clades) recognized previously and supported novel relationships of those groups, including a (P. auberi + P. lineolatus) clade (western + central Caribbean), and a (P. exsul + P. plei) clade (eastern Caribbean). Divergence between Pholidoscelis and its sister clade was estimated to have occurred ~25 Ma, with subsequent diversification on Caribbean islands occurring over the last 11 Myr. Of the six models compared in the biogeographic analyses, the scenario which considered the distance among islands and allowed dispersal in all directions best fit the data. These reconstructions suggest that the ancestor of this group colonized either Hispaniola or Puerto Rico from Middle America. We provide a well‐supported phylogeny of Pholidoscelis with novel relationships not reported in previous studies that were based on significantly smaller datasets. We propose that Pholidoscelis colonized the eastern Greater Antilles from Middle America based on our biogeographic analysis, phylogeny, and divergence time estimates. The closing of the Central American Seaway and subsequent formation of the modern Atlantic meridional overturning circulation may have promoted dispersal in this group.
The other white‐nose syndrome transcriptome: Tolerant and susceptible hosts respond differently to the pathogen Pseudogymnoascus destructans
Authors: Davy Christina M. , Donaldson Michael E. , Willis Craig K. R. , Saville Barry J. , McGuire Liam P. , Mayberry Heather , Wilcox Alana , Wibbelt Gudrun , Misra Vikram , Bollinger Trent , Kyle Christopher J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMitigation of emerging infectious diseases that threaten global biodiversity requires an understanding of critical host and pathogen responses to infection. For multihost pathogens where pathogen virulence or host susceptibility is variable, host–pathogen interactions in tolerant species may identify potential avenues for adaptive evolution in recently exposed, susceptible hosts. For example, the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans causes white‐nose syndrome (WNS) in hibernating bats and is responsible for catastrophic declines in some species in North America, where it was recently introduced. Bats in Europe and Asia, where the pathogen is endemic, are only mildly affected. Different environmental conditions among Nearctic and Palearctic hibernacula have been proposed as an explanation for variable disease outcomes, but this hypothesis has not been experimentally tested. We report the first controlled, experimental investigation of response to P. destructans in a tolerant, European species of bat (the greater mouse‐eared bat, Myotis myotis). We compared body condition, disease outcomes and gene expression in control (sham‐exposed) and exposed M. myotis that hibernated under controlled environmental conditions following treatment. Tolerant M. myotis experienced extremely limited fungal growth and did not exhibit symptoms of WNS. However, we detected no differential expression of genes associated with immune response in exposed bats, indicating that immune response does not drive tolerance of P. destructans in late hibernation. Variable responses to P. destructans among bat species cannot be attributed solely to environmental or ecological factors. Instead, our results implicate coevolution with the pathogen, and highlight the dynamic nature of the “white‐nose syndrome transcriptome.” Interspecific variation in response to exposure by the host (and possibly pathogen) emphasizes the importance of context in studies of the bat‐WNS system, and robust characterization of genetic responses to exposure in various hosts and the pathogen should precede any attempts to use particular bat species as generalizable “model hosts.”
Foliar nutrient resorption patterns of four functional plants along a precipitation gradient on the Tibetan Changtang Plateau
Authors: Zhao Guangshuai , Shi Peili , Wu Jianshuang , Xiong Dingpeng , Zong Ning , Zhang Xianzhou 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNutrient resorption from senesced leaves as a nutrient conservation strategy is important for plants to adapt to nutrient deficiency, particularly in alpine and arid environment. However, the leaf nutrient resorption patterns of different functional plants across environmental gradient remain unclear. In this study, we conducted a transect survey of 12 communities to address foliar nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) resorption strategies of four functional groups along an eastward increasing precipitation gradient in northern Tibetan Changtang Plateau. Soil nutrient availability, leaf nutrient concentration, and N:P ratio in green leaves ([N:P]g) were linearly correlated with precipitation. Nitrogen resorption efficiency decreased, whereas phosphorus resorption efficiency except for sedge increased with increasing precipitation, indicating a greater nutrient conservation in nutrient‐poor environment. The surveyed alpine plants except for legume had obviously higher N and P resorption efficiencies than the world mean levels. Legumes had higher N concentrations in green and senesced leaves, but lowest resorption efficiency than nonlegumes. Sedge species had much lower P concentration in senesced leaves but highest P resorption efficiency, suggesting highly competitive P conservation. Leaf nutrient resorption efficiencies of N and P were largely controlled by soil and plant nutrient, and indirectly regulated by precipitation. Nutrient resorption efficiencies were more determined by soil nutrient availability, while resorption proficiencies were more controlled by leaf nutrient and N:P of green leaves. Overall, our results suggest strong internal nutrient cycling through foliar nutrient resorption in the alpine nutrient‐poor ecosystems on the Plateau. The patterns of soil nutrient availability and resorption also imply a transit from more N limitation in the west to a more P limitation in the east Changtang. Our findings offer insights into understanding nutrient conservation strategy in the precipitation and its derived soil nutrient availability gradient.
Warming effects on permafrost ecosystem carbon fluxes associated with plant nutrients
Authors: Li Fei , Peng Yunfeng , Natali Susan M. , Chen Kelong , Han Tianfeng , Yang Guibiao , Ding Jinzhi , Zhang Dianye , Wang Guanqin , Wang Jun , Yu Jianchun , Liu Futing , Yang Yuanhe 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLarge uncertainties exist in carbon (C)‐climate feedback in permafrost regions, partly due to an insufficient understanding of warming effects on nutrient availabilities and their subsequent impacts on vegetation C sequestration. Although a warming climate may promote a substantial release of soil C to the atmosphere, a warming‐induced increase in soil nutrient availability may enhance plant productivity, thus offsetting C loss from microbial respiration. Here, we present evidence that the positive temperature effect on carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes may be weakened by reduced plant nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) concentrations in a Tibetan permafrost ecosystem. Although experimental warming initially enhanced ecosystem CO2 uptake, the increased rate disappeared after the period of peak plant growth during the early growing season, even though soil moisture was not a limiting factor in this swamp meadow ecosystem. We observed that warming did not significantly affect soil extractable N or P during the period of peak growth, but decreased both N and P concentrations in the leaves of dominant plant species, likely caused by accelerated plant senescence in the warmed plots. The attenuated warming effect on CO2 assimilation during the late growing season was associated with lowered leaf N and P concentrations. These findings suggest that warming‐mediated nutrient changes may not always benefit ecosystem C uptake in permafrost regions, making our ability to predict the C balance in these warming‐sensitive ecosystems more challenging than previously thought.
Adaptation of the Experimental Background (ATEB) Method in Voltammetric Determination of Thujone in Herbal Matrices
Authors: Górski Łukasz , Kowalcze Mateusz , Jakubowska Małgorzata 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this work, a new baseline correction method, named the Adaptation of The Experimental Background (ATEB), based on the subtraction of the blank sample signal (registered for solution without an analyte, for example a supporting electrolyte), was introduced. However, the method was something more than the simple subtraction of the blank sample signal. An innovation of the algorithm consisted in improving of the blank sample signal through application of the polynomials. Operation of the algorithm was demonstrated in determination of thujone in the synthetic and real samples. The synthetic samples were composed of two different mixtures of the quasi‐absinthe herbal matrices spiked with 0.7–14 mg L−1 of thujone. The measurements were conducted with or without presence of Cu2+, which is an interfering agent originating from production of absinthe like alcoholic beverages. The real sample was Rodnik's absinthe, likewise spiked with thujone. Application of the ATEB method enabled calculation of the calibration lines with very good correlation (not lower than 0.997).
Schlagrammung von Stahlrohrpfählen für die Offshore‐Windindustrie
Authors: Kortsch Peer , Kirsch Fabian 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDie heute gängigen Gründungsmethoden von Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen (Jacket‐, Tripod‐, oder Monopfahlgründung) werden zum überwiegenden Teil durch gerammte Stahlrohrpfähle realisiert. Vor dem Hintergrund der Wirtschaftlichkeit, zur Auswahl der geeigneten Einbringgeräte sowie als Grundlage für die stahlbauliche Bemessung (Ermüdungsnachweis) ist es dabei von Bedeutung, vor Beginn der Arbeiten Prognosen über den Rammverlauf zu erstellen. Als Rechenergebnisse und Kriterien dienen dabei neben der Unterwasserschallausbreitung, die hier nicht behandelt wird, u. a. die Schlagzahlen und der Zeitraum, der zur Einbringung der Pfähle erforderlich ist, der im Boden während der Rammung (mit oder ohne Rammunterbrechungen) auftretende Bodenwiderstand (Static Resistance to Driving – SRD) und die Druck‐ und Zugspannungen im Pfahl. Während des tatsächlichen Rammvorgangs ist es möglich, rammbegleitende dynamische Messungen vorzunehmen, die u. a. die Aufzeichnung von Schlagzahlen bei der Rammung und die tatsächlich auftretenden Spannungen im Pfahl beinhalten und zum Nachweis der Pfahltragfähigkeit dienen können. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden anhand von Messdaten aus rammbegleitenden Pfahltests in der Nord‐ und Ostsee theoretische Rammprognosen und somit die SRD‐Modelle mit den tatsächlichen Rammvorgängen verglichen und auf ihre Anwendbarkeit bezüglich der mit Sand‐ oder Kreideschichtung dominierten Böden überprüft.
3D Pressure‐limited approach to model and estimate CO2 injection and storage capacity: saline Mount Simon Formation
Authors: Jahediesfanjani Hossein , Warwick Peter D. , Anderson Steven T. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTo estimate the carbon dioxide (CO2) injection and storage capacity of saline formations, we used Tough2‐ECO2N simulation software to develop a pressure‐limited (dynamic) simulation approach based on applying three‐dimensional (3D) numerical simulation only on the effective injection area (Aeff) surrounding each injection well. A statistical analysis was performed to account for existing reservoir heterogeneity and property variations. The accuracy of the model simulation results (such as CO2 plume extension and induced injection well bottomhole pressure values) were tested and verified against the data obtained from the Decatur CO2 injection study of the Mount Simon Formation. Next, we designed a full‐field CO2 injection pattern by populating the core sections of this formation with a series of the simulated effective injection areas such that each simulated Aeff acts as a closed domain. The results of this analysis were used to estimate the optimum number and location of the required CO2 injection wells, along with the dynamic annual CO2 injection rate and overall pressure‐limited storage capacity of this formation. This approach enabled us to model separate CO2 injection activities independently at different sections of the same saline formation and to model and simulate faults and natural barriers by considering them as boundary conditions for each simulated Aeff without constructing full‐field models. Using this approach, a series of modeled Aeff with relevant properties may be redesigned to model any other saline formation with a similar structure. © 2017 The Authors. Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AxTract: Toward microstructure informed tractography
Authors: Girard Gabriel , Daducci Alessandro , Petit Laurent , Thiran Jean‐Philippe , Whittingstall Kevin , Deriche Rachid , Wassermann Demian , Descoteaux Maxime 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDiffusion‐weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tractography has become the tool of choice to probe the human brain's white matter in vivo. However, tractography algorithms produce a large number of erroneous streamlines (false positives), largely due to complex ambiguous tissue configurations. Moreover, the relationship between the resulting streamlines and the underlying white matter microstructure characteristics remains poorly understood. In this work, we introduce a new approach to simultaneously reconstruct white matter fascicles and characterize the apparent distribution of axon diameters within fascicles. To achieve this, our method, AxTract, takes full advantage of the recent development DW‐MRI microstructure acquisition, modeling, and reconstruction techniques. This enables AxTract to separate parallel fascicles with different microstructure characteristics, hence reducing ambiguities in areas of complex tissue configuration. We report a decrease in the incidence of erroneous streamlines compared to the conventional deterministic tractography algorithms on simulated data. We also report an average increase in streamline density over 15 known fascicles of the 34 healthy subjects. Our results suggest that microstructure information improves tractography in crossing areas of the white matter. Moreover, AxTract provides additional microstructure information along the fascicle that can be studied alongside other streamline‐based indices. Overall, AxTract provides the means to distinguish and follow white matter fascicles using their microstructure characteristics, bringing new insights into the white matter organization. This is a step forward in microstructure informed tractography, paving the way to a new generation of algorithms able to deal with intricate configurations of white matter fibers and providing quantitative brain connectivity analysis. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5485–5500, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modulation of convectively coupled equatorial Rossby wave on the western North Pacific tropical cyclones activity
Authors: Zhao Haikun , Wu Liguang 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTThe convectively coupled equatorial Rossby waves (ERWs) how to quantitatively modulate the western North Pacific (WNP) tropical cyclones (TCs) are investigated systematically from observations in this study. Our results show that ERWs can exert a distinct modulation on the WNP TC genesis by altering large‐scale conditions and thus significantly impact on the TC tracks and basin‐wide TC intensity.During the convectively active ERW phase, more TCs and larger daily genesis rate (DGR) can be observed, while fewer TCs and lower DGR are found during the convectively inactive ERW phase. Such changes are mainly attributed to changes of large‐scale parameters modulated by ERWs over the WNP. Budget terms of the total anomalous observed genesis potential index (GPI) indicate that the mid‐level relative humidity and low‐level vorticity are the two largest contributors to ERWs‐composited GPI anomalies. Similar results are further obtained by analyses of the pattern correlations between the total anomalous GPI associated with ERWs and the anomalous GPI with varying environmental factors. Moreover, more TCs with north‐westward tracks and more intense TCs over the WNP can be generally found during the convectively active phases of ERWs in contrast to that during the convectively inactive phases. This study enhances our understanding of intra‐seasonal variability of WNP TC activity and has a substantial implication for its sub‐seasonal prediction.
Extraction of unsaturated fatty acid‐rich oil from common carp (Cyprinus carpio) roe and production of defatted roe hydrolysates with functional, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties
Authors: Ghelichi Sakhi , Shabanpour Bahareh , Pourashouri Parastoo , Hajfathalian Mona , Jacobsen Charlotte 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDCommon carp roe is a rich protein and oil source, which is usually discarded with no specific use. The aims of this study were to extract oil from the discarded roe and examine functional, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of defatted roe hydrolysates (CDRHs) at various degrees of hydrolysis (DH).RESULTSGas chromatography of fatty acid methyl esters revealed that common carp roe oil contained high levels of unsaturated fatty acids. The results of high‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry indicated that enzymatic hydrolysis of defatted roe yielded higher content of essential amino acids. CDRHs displayed higher solubility than untreated defatted roe, which increased with DH. Better emulsifying and foaming properties were observed at lower DH and non‐isoelectric points. Furthermore, water and oil binding capacity decreased with DH. CDRHs exhibited antioxidant activity both in vitro and in 5% roe oil‐in‐water emulsions and inhibited the growth of certain bacterial strains.CONCLUSIONCommon carp roe could be a promising source of unsaturated fatty acids and functional bioactive agents. Unsaturated fatty acid‐rich oil extracted from common carp roe can be delivered into food systems by roe oil‐in‐water emulsions fortified by functional, antioxidant, and antibacterial hydrolysates from the defatted roe. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Determination of fat‐ and water‐soluble vitamins by supercritical fluid chromatography: A review
Authors: Tyśkiewicz Katarzyna , Dębczak Agnieszka , Gieysztor Roman , Szymczak Tomasz , Rój Edward 
Published: August 2017

AbstractVitamins are compounds that take part in all basic functions of an organism but also are subject of number of studies performed by different researchers. Two groups of vitamins are distinguished taking into consideration their solubility. Chromatography with supercritical CO2 has found application in the determination, separation, and quantitative analyses of both fat‐ and water‐soluble vitamins. The methods of vitamins separation have developed and improved throughout the years. Both groups of compounds were separated using supercritical fluid chromatography with different detection on different stationary phases. The main aim of this review is to provide an overview of the studies of vitamins separation that have been determined so far.