bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of structural integrity assessment procedure on an axle pin of a wind turbine
Authors: Gubeljak N. , Cvetic M. , BOŽIĆ Ž. , Predan J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe axle pin is one of the most critical components of a wind turbine. Because 2 bearings are mounted on the axle pin, it is not subjected to torque and is designed only to carry bending stresses. The axle is usually made by a casting process, which can induce defects. After casting of the axle pin, radial surface cracks were detected outside by ultrasonic and magnetic particle inspection. The first goal of this paper is to establish defect tolerance in the design of the axle pin, ie, at what critical crack size can we expect failure of the axle pin? The second aim is assessing the remaining lifetime of the defected axle pin used in operation of a wind turbine. Both issues are important to prevent unexpected failure and establish a system for on‐line structural health monitoring. This paper presents a procedure for the structural integrity assessment of axle pins by considering their material properties and fatigue crack growth parameters and comparing them with their fatigue design curve.
Changes in the short‐term intake rate of herbage by heifers grazing annual grasses throughout the growing season
Authors: Guzatti Gabriela Cristina , Duchini Paulo Gonçalves , Sbrissia André Fischer , Mezzalira Jean Carlos , Almeida João Gabriel Rossini , Carvalho Paulo César de Faccio , Ribeiro‐Filho Henrique Mendonça Nunes 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAnnual temperate grasses go through abrupt changes in morphological composition during the growing season, which can affect ingestive behavior of grazing cattle. However, few studies have examined the effects of gradual structural changes in annual temperate pastures on the herbage intake rate during the growing season. We hypothesized that lenient grazing (removal of 40% of the initial pre‐grazing height) maintains short‐term intake rate (STIR) of grazing cattle over the entire growing season, even with decreased leaf/stem ratios. The studied pastures contained Avena strigosa, Lolium multiflorum and a mixture of the two species. Short‐term intake rate was measured using the double weighing technique, evaluating both bite rate and bite mass. The percentage of stem + pseudostem and leaf lamina lengths in the herbage mass were measured. Relationships between sward structure and animal ingestive behavior were also examined. As the pasture growing season progressed, the STIR of heifers grazing annual temperate grass swards was affected more by the time required to take a bite than by bite mass. Moreover, the sward structure also changed after each grazing cycle, reducing the pre‐grazing leaf/stem ratio. However, reductions in the pre‐grazing leaf lamina mass (up to 37% of the sward herbage mass) and/or in the leaf lamina length (up to 52% of the extended tiller height) did not affect the STIR of grazing heifers, since the animals maintained their bite mass and time per bite. In summary, with a grazing down target of 40% of the pre‐grazing height, reductions in STIR of heifers grazing annual temperate grasses occurred when the pre‐grazing leaf lamina percentage was <37% of the sward herbage mass and/or <52% of the extended tiller height. These results suggested that to avoid STIR reductions during the last grazing cycles, managements to stimulate tillering and delay stem + pseudostem elongation are necessary and should be investigated.
In vitro release and antioxidant activity of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. unshiu) peel flavonoids encapsulated by pectin nanoparticles
Authors: Hu Yan , Zhang Wenlin , Ke Zunli , Li Yan , Zhou Zhiqin 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThe flavonoids of citrus peel extracts (CPE) were encapsulated by pectin nanoparticles (PNs), in an attempt to control the releasing property and improve their antioxidant activity. The physiochemical properties of the obtained PNs were characterised. Flavonoid composition in CPE before and after encapsulation were determined. In vitro release profiles and antioxidant activity of CPE were further evaluated. Results showed the size of spherical PNs obtained was 271.5 ± 5.3 nm. Interestingly, in simulated gastric fluid (SGF), 73% flavonoids were released from the naked CPE after 2 h, while only 28.78% from the CPE‐loaded PNs (E‐PNs). The releasing rate of flavonoids reached 91.47% from E‐PNs after 24 h in the simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). Moreover, DPPH and ABTS assay revealed that E‐PNs showed higher antioxidant activity than blank PNs and free CPE. These data showed that the controlled release of CPE might potentially increase its bioaccessibility and there was a synergistic effect between citrus PNs and CPE on the antioxidant activity.
Empowerment of family caregivers of adults and elderly persons: A concept analysis
Authors: Sakanashi Sayori , Fujita Kimie 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimThis concept analysis defined and described the components of empowerment of family caregivers who care for adults and the elderly.MethodsRodgers evolutionary method of concept analysis was used. Data sources included Pub Med, CINAHL, Scopus, and Igaku Chuo Zasshi. Thirty articles published between 1995 and 2015 focusing on the empowerment of family caregivers providing care to adults and the elderly were selected.ResultThe analysis reveals 6 attributes, 5 antecedents, and 5 consequences. In addition, the results reveal structured aspects of family caregivers, care receivers, and other people surrounding them, and their relationships. Empowerment of adults' and elders' family caregivers may be defined as
“positive control of one's mind and body, cultivating a positive attitude, proactively attempting to understand one's role as a caregiver to improve caregiving capabilities, focusing on others as well as oneself, supporting the independence of the care receiver, and creating constructive relationships with other people surrounding them.”ConclusionThe components of empowerment clarified in this research can be used for the measurement of and interventions aimed at improving empowerment among family caregivers. Furthermore, clarifying the definition of empowerment among family caregivers enables researchers to better distinguish empowerment from similar concepts in the future.
A simple approach to manufacture ceramic coils based on liquid rope coiling effect
Authors: Xing Chen , Yi Meiyu , Wang Guowei , Wang Xin , Guo Fangwei , Zhao Xiaofeng , Xiao Ping 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA micrometer scale method based on the principle of liquid rope coiling with the assistance of nonsolvent‐induced phase inversion is introduced to fabricate YSZ coils. The YSZ coils with the filament diameter of several hundreds of micrometer exhibit stable spring properties and excellent elongation at failure. With the spring rate in the range from ~2 N/mm to ~21 N/mm and the elongation up to 4.36%, both the two properties can be effectively controlled and tailored since they both strongly depend on the geometric dimensions varied with the process parameters. Besides, the simple method provides an alternative method for the large‐scale production and customization of ceramic coils with diverse applications.
Nutritional monitoring of patients post‐bariatric surgery: implications for smartphone applications
Authors: Elvin‐Walsh L. , Ferguson M. , Collins P. F. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundOptimal results from bariatric surgery are contingent on patient commitment to dietary and lifestyle changes and follow‐up care. The present study aimed to investigate the attitudes and use of mobile health (mHealth) smartphone applications (apps) as a potential tool for maintaining connectivity between dietitians and patients post‐bariatric surgery.MethodsA cross‐sectional online survey was developed and distributed to a purposeful sample of bariatric dietitians and bariatric patients in Australia. The survey questions explored technology penetration (smartphone and app use), communication preferences, nutrition monitoring methods, professional relationship expectations and reasons for loss to follow‐up.ResultsSurvey completion rate was 85% (n = 50/59) for dietitians and 80% (n = 39/49) for patients. Smartphone ownership was 98% and 95% for dietitians and patients, respectively. Common reasons given for losing patients to follow‐up suggest that a traditional in‐clinic practice setting could be a barrier for some. Most dietitians (n = 48; 91%) prefer to see patients face‐to‐face in their clinic, whereas patient preferences extended to e‐mail and mobile messaging. Sixty‐eight percent of bariatric patients were receptive to two‐way communication with dietitians via an app between clinic visits. Both cohorts recognised the potential for emerging technologies to be used in practice, although there was no single routinely recommended mHealth app.ConclusionsThe present study provides the first insight into the use of mobile devices and apps by post‐bariatric patients and the dietitians who support them. A mixture of traditional methods and smartphone technology is desirable to both dietitians and patients. The utility and effectiveness of such technologies should be confirmed in future intervention studies.
Significance of pathological examination of the placenta, with a focus on intrauterine infection and fetal growth restriction
Authors: Nakayama Masahiro 
Published: July 2017

AbstractChorioamnionitis (CAM) is associated with abortion, premature labor and neonatal disorders. In this condition, precise pathological diagnosis of the placenta is very important. Besides histological examination, macroscopic examination of the placenta is indispensable. Diagnostic points and complications of CAM are emphasized in this paper. Blanc's classification (revised by Nakayama) is introduced for the accurate determination of CAM stage. Principles of classification based on the causes of fetal growth restriction (FGR) (mainly resulting from placental pathology) are also described. Children born with FGR have high disease‐related morbidity. In these cases, placental examination can be a useful prognostic tool. Placental pathology is associated not only with the underlying cause of FGR, but also with infant prognosis.
Attitudes, Norms, and the Effect of Social Connectedness on Adolescent Sexual Risk Intention
Authors: Cederbaum Julie A. , Rodriguez Aubrey J. , Sullivan Kathrine , Gray Kandice 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDRisky sexual behaviors put adolescents at increased risk of adverse outcomes. Parents, school‐based adults, and peers play important roles in influencing these sex intentions.METHODSThis work explored the influence of parent‐child sex communication on adolescent attitudes, perceived norms, and intentions to have sex, including the moderating role of social support from school‐based adults, in a sample of 21,731 adolescents in California.RESULTSAlthough increased parent‐child sex communication was associated with intentions to have sex, it also exhibited protective effects, increasing abstinence attitudes among youth that led to decreased intention directly and via support from school‐based adults.CONCLUSIONSAlthough many factors influencing sexual behaviors are largely intrapersonal, these findings indicate the importance of an ecological approach to reducing adolescent sexual risk behaviors through engagement of parents and increased school connectedness.
Combined myocardial deformation to predict cardiac resynchronization therapy response in nonischemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Yang Ning , Liang Zhao‐Guang , Wang Zhao‐Jun , Liu Hui , Chi Chao , Tian Yan‐Feng , Qi Shu‐Han , Wang Bi‐Yu , Han Wei 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackground20–30% of patients do not benefit from cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) when the established selection criteria were applied. We hypothesized that a combined assessment of mechanical dyssynchrony, myocardial deformation, and diastolic function would identify patients who would benefit most from CRT.MethodIn 36 CRT patients, clinical evaluation and echocardiography were performed before and after CRT. Patients were classified into three subgroups according to their amount of response: echocardiographic responders, clinical responders, and nonresponders. Radial dyssynchrony and left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal, radial, and circumferential peak strain was assessed by speckle‐tracking image. Diastolic function was quantified by conventional echocardiography.ResultIn addition to left bundle branch block, nonspecific intraventricular conduction disturbance with intraventricular dyssynchrony could also improve LV remodeling. Echocardiographic responders had better global longitudinal strain, global circumferential peak strain, and global radial strain at baseline which significantly increased at 12‐month follow‐up. An improvement in estimates of LV filling pressure and a decrease in mitral regurgitation and left atrial dimensions were observed only in echocardiographic responders to CRT. Patients with clinical but without echocardiographic response showed a significant improvement in atrioventricular (AV) synchrony and a nonsignificant improvement in other parameters. The nonresponder group did not improve the AV and intraventricular dyssynchrony. CRT could not improve restrictive filling pattern with normal filling time.Overall, those patients with AV and intraventricular dyssynchrony and those with best contractile function and short diastolic filling time of restrictive filling pattern at baseline demonstrated the greatest benefit from CRT.ConclusionsMechanical dyssynchrony, contractile function, and filling pattern are important determinants of the benefits in CRT.
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity in serum, follicular fluid and seminal plasma of sheep
Authors: Pradieé J , de Campos FT , Rincon JAA , Collares L , Goularte K , Silveira PAS , Pegoraro LMC , Schneider A 
Published: July 2017

ContentsThis work aimed to describe the activity of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) in serum, follicular fluid and seminal plasma of sheep. Average serum PON1 activity was 286.8 ± 96.2 U/ml in females and 237.6 ± 18.9 U/ml in males. There was a positive correlation between PON1 activity in serum and follicular fluid in females, being twice higher in serum than in follicular fluid (148.8 ± 15.7 U/ml). PON1 activity in males’ serum was 10‐fold higher than in seminal plasma (21.18 ± 14.2 U/ml), and there was no correlation between PON1 activity in both compartments. Finally, this work suggests that PON1 activity of in sheep is higher compared to other mammalian species, and there is an association between PON1 in serum and follicular fluid only.
The recurrence coefficients of a semi-classical Laguerre polynomials and the large n asymptotics of the associated Hankel determinant
Authors: Han Pengju , Chen Yang 
Published: July 2017

In this paper, we study the recurrence coefficients of a deformed or semi-classical Laguerre polynomials orthogonal with respect to the weight [Formula: see text] Here [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. We will describe this problem in terms of the ratio [Formula: see text] where ultimately [Formula: see text] is bounded away from 0, and close to 1. From the ladder operator approach, and the associated compatibility conditions, the recurrence coefficients satisfy a second order ordinary differential equation (ODE) when viewed as functions of the parameter [Formula: see text] in the weight. Then we work out the large degree asymptotics of their recurrence coefficients. We also discuss the associated Hankel determinant. We show that the logarithmic derivative of [Formula: see text] can be expressed in terms of the recurrence coefficients, and obtained the large degree asymptotics of [Formula: see text]. Based on this result, we compute the probability that an [Formula: see text] (or [Formula: see text]) random matrix from a generalized Gaussian Unitary Ensemble (gGUE) is positive definite.
Black-White Differences in Incident Fatal, Nonfatal, and Total Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Colantonio Lisandro D. , Gamboa Christopher M. , Richman Joshua S. , Levitan Emily B. , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Howard George , Safford Monika M. 
Published: July 2017

Background:
Blacks have higher coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality compared with whites. However, a previous study suggests that nonfatal CHD risk may be lower for black versus white men.

Methods:
We compared fatal and nonfatal CHD incidence and CHD case-fatality among blacks and whites in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (ARIC), the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), and the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study (REGARDS) by sex. Participants 45 to 64 years of age in ARIC (men=6479, women=8488) and REGARDS (men=5296, women=7822), and ≥65 years of age in CHS (men=1836, women=2790) and REGARDS (men=3381, women=4112), all without a history of CHD, were analyzed. Fatal and nonfatal CHD incidence was assessed from baseline (ARIC=1987–1989, CHS=1989–1990, REGARDS=2003–2007) through up to 11 years of follow-up.

Results:
Age-adjusted hazard ratios comparing black versus white men 45 to 64 years of age in ARIC and REGARDS were 2.09 (95% confidence interval, 1.42–3.06) and 2.11 (1.32–3.38), respectively, for fatal CHD, and 0.82 (0.64–1.05) and 0.94 (0.69–1.28), respectively, for nonfatal CHD. After adjustment for social determinants of health and cardiovascular risk factors, hazard ratios in ARIC and REGARDS were 1.19 (95% confidence interval, 0.74–1.92) and 1.09 (0.62–1.93), respectively, for fatal CHD, and 0.64 (0.47–0.86) and 0.67 (0.48–0.95), respectively, for nonfatal CHD. Similar patterns were present among men ≥65 years of age in CHS and REGARDS. Among women 45 to 64 years of age in ARIC and REGARDS, age-adjusted hazard ratios comparing blacks versus whites were 2.61 (95% confidence interval, 1.57–4.34) and 1.79 (1.06–3.03), respectively, for fatal CHD, and 1.47 (1.13–1.91) and 1.29 (0.91–1.83), respectively, for nonfatal CHD. After multivariable adjustment, hazard ratios in ARIC and REGARDS were 0.67 (95% confidence interval, 0.36–1.24) and 1.00 (0.54–1.85), respectively, for fatal CHD, and 0.70 (0.51–0.97) and 0.70 (0.46–1.06), respectively, for nonfatal CHD. Racial differences in CHD incidence were attenuated among older women. CHD case fatality was higher among black versus white men and women, and the difference remained similar after multivariable adjustment.

Conclusions:
After accounting for social determinants of health and risk factors, black men and women have similar risk for fatal CHD compared with white men and women, respectively. However, the risk for nonfatal CHD is consistently lower for black versus white men and women.
From Articulation Tests Toward Formulas for Intelligibility
Authors: Griggs Thurston 
Published: July 2017

From a project concerning radiotelephone messages in aviation, a procedure was developed for the formulation of hypotheses respecting more intelligible and less intelligible speech sounds. From an analysis of words with poor ratings in articulation tests, several hypotheses are made, and as those same words appear subsequently in articulation tests of phrases and meaningful clusters of words, a study is made of the speech sounds undetected and of the mistaken responses of the listeners. Those missing or misinterpreted elements then are sorted and classified, and are related, when possible, to appropriate hypotheses concerning particular speech sounds. New hypotheses thus are formulated as a guide for selecting the vocabulary of a language of stock-phrases or clichés for specialized use. It is suggested that the formulation can be further tested by means of specially designed articulation tests and possibly by means of a separate quantitative analysis combining intensity and duration of various speech sounds. Meanwhile the present formulation can be used in working toward immediate pragmatic improvement of recorded or stock messages; and operational tests can be conducted on the endresults achieved for various sets of fixed messages or for languages having specialized applications.
High-Green-Strength Silicone Rubber
Authors: Monroe Carl M. 
Published: July 2017

A high-green-strength silicone rubber has been developed which can be processed on equipment designed to handle organic rubber in the uncured state. This paper describes the processing of silicone rubber for curved radiator hose where green strength is needed. A correlation between green strength, room temperature Mooney viscosity, and plasticity has been established and found to be strict enough to allow green strength to be estimated from room temperature Mooney viscosity and plasticity data. Good shelf life along with excellent processing properties on a 2-roll mill are characteristic of this silicone rubber stock. Data will be presented covering handling properties, immersion tests, typical physical and thermal properties. Currently, this silicone rubber is being used in hose applications and could be considered for others where green strength is a requirement.
The myelotoxicity of chloramphenicol: in vitro and in vivo studies: II: in vivo myelotoxicity in the B6C3F mouse
Authors: Holt D E , Andrews C M , Payne J P , Williams T C , Turton J A 
Published: July 2017

1 Chloramphenicol continues to be widely used in many parts of the world despite its known haematotoxicity. Until now, elucidation of the mechanisms involved and any attempt at amelioration of the toxic effects have been hampered by the lack of an animal model. 2 In this study neither acute nor chronic administration of chloramphenicol as its succinate ester in the drinking water produced anaemia in mice as assessed by changes in peripheral blood parameters. 3 Chloramphenicol could not be detected in the bone marrow when the antibiotic was administered either in the drinking water or by gavage, although it was detected in the serum. 4 In marrow taken from mice after chloramphenicol succinate administration and cultured in vitro, depression of the differentiation of immature committed erythroid progenitors occurred 15 min after administration of the antibiotic by gavage. However, recovery was beginning to occur at 48 h after administration of chloramphenicol succinate at 50 and 200 mg/kg and this was then followed by an `overshoot' response at the higher dose. A toxic effect was therefore achieved in the bone marrow but this was probably masked in the peripheral blood by enhanced proliferation. 5 Morphological evidence of apoptosis was seen in erythroid and myeloid precursors in mice treated with 200 mg/kg. 6 The data suggest that the effect of chloramphenicol was at the differentiation stage of the committed marrow progenitor cells rather than at the replication stage of the stem cells and therefore this response appears to mimic the reversible bone marrow depression seen in the treated patient.
Cost-Effectiveness Analyses: A Basic Overview for Dermatologists
Authors: Chen Suephy C. 
Published: July 2017

Background: In the current age of limited health care resources, cost-effectiveness analyses are important since they provide information that can be used by decisionmakers for prioritizing and setting health care policies. Objective: This article gives a conceptual overview of cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs) by discussing their strengths and limitations, introducing the calculations and variables involved, and outlining the issues in interpreting CEAs using dermatological examples. Conclusion: Cost-effectiveness analyses are important tools that dermatologists can use to compare medical interventions using costs, effectiveness, and health outcomes.