bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-bee insects are important contributors to global crop pollination
Authors: Rader Romina , Bartomeus Ignasi , Garibaldi Lucas A. , Garratt Michael P. D. , Howlett Brad G. , Winfree Rachael , Cunningham Saul A. , Mayfield Margaret M. , Arthur Anthony D. , Andersson Georg K. S. , Bommarco Riccardo , Brittain Claire , Carvalheiro Luísa G. , Chacoff Natacha P. , Entling Martin H. , Foully Benjamin , Freitas Breno M. , Gemmill-Herren Barbara , Ghazoul Jaboury , Griffin Sean R. , Gross Caroline L. , Herbertsson Lina , Herzog Felix , Hipólito Juliana , Jaggar Sue , Jauker Frank , Klein Alexandra-Maria , Kleijn David , Krishnan Smitha , Lemos Camila Q. , Lindström Sandra A. M. , Mandelik Yael , Monteiro Victor M. , Nelson Warrick , Nilsson Lovisa , Pattemore David E. , de O. Pereira Natália , Pisanty Gideon , Potts Simon G. , Reemer Menno , Rundlöf Maj , Sheffield Cory S. , Scheper Jeroen , Schüepp Christof , Smith Henrik G. , Stanley Dara A. , Stout Jane C. , Szentgyörgyi Hajnalka , Taki Hisatomo , Vergara Carlos H. , Viana Blandina F. , Woyciechowski Michal 
Published: December 2015

SignificanceMany of the world’s crops are pollinated by insects, and bees are often assumed to be the most important pollinators. To our knowledge, our study is the first quantitative evaluation of the relative contribution of non-bee pollinators to global pollinator-dependent crops. Across 39 studies we show that insects other than bees are efficient pollinators providing 39% of visits to crop flowers. A shift in perspective from a bee-only focus is needed for assessments of crop pollinator biodiversity and the economic value of pollination. These studies should also consider the services provided by other types of insects, such as flies, wasps, beetles, and butterflies—important pollinators that are currently overlooked.
Conservatives negatively evaluate counterstereotypical people to maintain a sense of certainty
Authors: Stern Chadly , West Tessa V. , Rule Nicholas O. 
Published: December 2015

Significance
People often evaluate others in a negative manner when they do not fit the stereotypes that are generally believed about their group. Here, we not only show that political conservatives are more likely to negatively evaluate people who deviate from stereotypes than are liberals, but also explain why. Previous research has heavily emphasized that people endorse stereotypes because they hold negative attitudes toward members of minority groups and because doing so helps to maintain the current structure of society. In contrast to these perspectives, we demonstrate that conservatives negatively evaluate and economically penalize people who deviate from stereotypes because those stereotypes help them to efficiently categorize people into groups, which provides a greater sense of certainty about the world.
Nck influences preosteoblastic/osteoblastic migration and bone mass
Authors: Aryal A.C Smriti , Miyai Kentaro , Izu Yayoi , Hayata Tadayoshi , Notomi Takuya , Noda Masaki , Ezura Yoichi 
Published: December 2015

Significance
Osteoporosis is a major health problem worldwide, as the aging population is soaring. However, molecules involved in the regulation of bone remodeling are still incompletely understood. Nck (noncatalytic region of tyrosine kinase) is an adaptor molecule linking cytoskeleton and cell motility. We now identify that Nck regulates cell migration in vitro as well as in vivo and regulates bone mass via bone formation activity. Nck positively regulates repair of bone injury. This discovery provides a unique insight into the understanding of bone remodeling.
Human genetic basis of interindividual variability in the course of infection
Authors: Casanova Jean-Laurent 
Published: December 2015

SignificancePasteur’s germ theory of disease initially seemed to have resolved the long-standing antagonism between the proponents of intrinsic and extrinsic disease mechanisms. However, by the turn of the 20th century, it had become clear that each microbe killed only a small minority of infected individuals. Infectious diseases killed half of all children before the age of 15 y, but this enormous burden was caused by the dazzling diversity of pathogens rather than by the potency of individual pathogens. The key problem concerning pediatric infectious diseases thus was identified: their pathogenesis. A human genetic theory of infectious diseases has emerged gradually from clinical and epidemiological studies, building on many elegant studies in plants and animals.
Severe infectious diseases of childhood as monogenic inborn errors of immunity
Authors: Casanova Jean-Laurent 
Published: December 2015

SignificanceThe key problem concerning pediatric infectious diseases, and more generally clinical diseases during primary infection, is their pathogenesis. A plausible and testable human genetic theory of primary infectious diseases has recently emerged, building on elegant studies in plants and animals. Three examples of monogenic resistance to common infections have been discovered. Moreover, a growing range of monogenic single-gene inborn errors of immunity, rarely Mendelian (with complete clinical penetrance) but more commonly non-Mendelian (with incomplete penetrance), have been found to underlie severe infectious diseases striking otherwise healthy children during primary infection. These findings provide a synthetic framework for inherited and infectious diseases and, more generally, for inborn and environmental conditions.
Structure–activity relationship of crustacean peptide hormones
Authors: Katayama Hidekazu 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn crustaceans, various physiological events, such as molting, vitellogenesis, and sex differentiation, are regulated by peptide hormones. To understanding the functional sites of these hormones, many structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies have been published. In this review, the author focuses the SAR of crustacean hyperglycemic hormone-family peptides and androgenic gland hormone and describes the detailed results of our and other research groups. The future perspectives will be also discussed.
Effects of simulated cosmological magnetic fields on the galaxy population
Authors: Marinacci Federico , Vogelsberger Mark 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
We investigate the effects of varying the intensity of the primordial magnetic seed field on the global properties of the galaxy population in ideal magnetohydrodynamic cosmological simulations performed with the moving-mesh code arepo. We vary the seed field in our calculations in a range of values still compatible with the current cosmological upper limits. We show that above a critical intensity of ≃10−9 G, the additional pressure arising from the field strongly affects the evolution of gaseous structures, leading to a suppression of the cosmic star formation history, which is stronger for larger seed fields. This directly reflects into a lower total galaxy count above a fixed stellar mass threshold at all redshifts, and a lower galaxy number density at fixed stellar mass and a less massive stellar component at fixed virial mass at all mass scales. These signatures may be used, in addition to the existing methods, to derive tighter constraints on primordial magnetic seed field intensities.
Immigration rates during population density reduction in a coral reef fish
Authors: Turgeon Katrine , Kramer Donald L. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAlthough the importance of density-dependent dispersal has been recognized in theory, few empirical studies have examined how immigration changes over a wide range of densities. In a replicated experiment using a novel approach allowing within-site comparison, we examined changes in immigration rate following the gradual removal of territorial damselfish from a limited area within a much larger patch of continuous habitat. In all sites, immigration occurred at intermediate densities but did not occur before the start of removals and only rarely as density approached zero. In the combined data and in 5 of 7 sites, the number of immigrants was a hump-shaped function of density. This is the first experimental evidence for hump-shaped, density-dependent immigration. This pattern may be more widespread than previously recognized because studies over more limited density ranges have identified positive density dependence at low densities and negative density dependence at high densities. Positive density dependence at low density can arise from limits to the number of potential immigrants and from behavioral preferences for settling near conspecifics. Negative density dependence at high density can arise from competition for resources, especially high quality territories. The potential for non-linear effects of local density on immigration needs to be recognized for robust predictions of conservation reserve function, harvest impacts, pest control, and the dynamics of fragmented populations.
An Improved Genome Assembly ofAzadirachta indicaA. Juss
Authors: Krishnan Neeraja M. , Jain Prachi , Gupta Saurabh , Hariharan Arun K. , Panda Binay 
Published: December 2015

AbstractNeem (Azadirachta indicaA. Juss.), an evergreen tree of theMeliaceaefamily, is known for its medicinal, cosmetic, pesticidal and insecticidal properties. We had previously sequenced and published the draft genome of the plant, using mainly short read sequencing data. In this report, we present an improved genome assembly generated using additional short reads from Illumina and long reads from Pacific Biosciences SMRT sequencer. We assembled short reads and error-corrected long reads using Platanus, an assembler designed to perform well for heterozygous genomes. The updated genome assembly (v2.0) yielded 3- and 3.5-fold increase in N50 and N75, respectively; 2.6-fold decrease in the total number of scaffolds; 1.25-fold increase in the number of valid transcriptome alignments; 13.4-fold less mis-assembly and 1.85-fold increase in the percentage repeat, over the earlier assembly (v1.0). The current assembly also maps better to the genes known to be involved in the terpenoid biosynthesis pathway. Together, the data represents an improved assembly of theA. indicagenome.The raw data described in this manuscript are submitted to the NCBI Short Read Archive under the accession numbers SRX1074131, SRX1074132, SRX1074133, and SRX1074134 (SRP013453).
Does Fair Value Accounting Exacerbate the Procyclicality of Bank Lending?
Authors: XIE BIQIN 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThis study investigates whether fair value accounting contributes to the procyclicality of bank lending. Using banks’ approval/denial decisions on residential mortgage applications to capture banks’ supply of credit, I find no evidence that fair value accounting has procyclical effects on bank lending over the past two business cycles. I further identify two reasons for this result. First, the main accounting item distinguishing fair value accounting from historical cost accounting—unrealized gains and losses on available‐for‐sale securities—does not affect lending decisions. Second, unrealized gains and losses on available‐for‐sale securities are not procyclical, as the risk‐free interest rate rises during some expansionary periods, resulting in unrealized losses, while the risk‐free interest rate (and sometimes the default spread) falls during some recessionary periods, resulting in unrealized gains.
An Ethnographer Goes to Career Day
Authors: YURY CARRIE 
Published: December 2015

As a working mother it's important to me that my 5 year old knows what I do. This isn't just so that she understands where mommy goes all day. It's also because I feel that it is critical that I provide her as many examples as possible of women who are taking leadership roles and making an impact in the world. And I know that, as her primary role model, it's important to both of us that I include myself among those impactful women. So without any hesitation when the form came home from my daughter's elementary school asking for volunteers for career day, I filled it out. In the field for occupation I wrote “Ethnographer.” A few weeks later I received a formal invitation telling me that I would be giving a half hour presentation to two classes about what I do for a living.That is when panic struck. Everyone in this room knows how difficult ethnographic praxis can be to explain. In fact, sometimes I feel like I've spent my entire professional career as a researcher trying to explain–mostly unsuccessfully—what I do for a living. And I'm not only an ethnographer, I'm also head of experience research at an innovation agency. I have a hard time explaining what that means to educated 45 year olds. So here I had set myself up to do this impossible thing in front of five‐year‐olds and fifth graders. What was I thinking? And how was I going to compete with the police officer who was bringing his real live squad car?
The Carbon Footprint of Academic Conferences: Evidence from the 14thEAAE Congress in Slovenia
Authors: Desiere Sam 
Published: December 2015

SummaryAgricultural economists recognise that climate change is one of the key challenges of our time. Yet, the carbon footprint of research activities has received little attention to date. Air travel from and to academic conferences is a major contributor to the carbon footprint of researchers. This article calculates the carbon emissions due to air travel of the 14th Congress of the European Association of Agricultural Economists (EAAE) in Ljubljana, Slovenia in 2014 and proposes strategies to reduce them. Total CO2 emissions are estimated at around 300 tonnes or 0.5 tonne per participant. There are, however, large differences between participants, with 10 per cent of the participants accounting for 50 per cent of the emissions. Strategies to reduce the carbon footprint of the Congress are considered. Reducing the number of participants from non‐European countries that attend the conference could significantly reduce emissions. Organising the Congress at a more central location in Europe in combination with promoting travelling by train could reduce greenhouse gas emissions by another 20 per cent. It is argued that researchers, including agricultural economists, should lead by example and undertake actions to reduce the carbon footprint of their profession.
Ten Years of EU Membership: How Agricultural Performance Differs in the New Member States
Authors: Csaki Csaba , Jambor Attila 
Published: December 2015

SummaryTen years have passed since the 2004 accession round to the EU. The 10th anniversary provides a good opportunity for stocktaking and assessing the agricultural development of the New Member States (NMS). Using mainly Eurostat, FAO and World Bank data we constructed 15 indices to assess agricultural performances of the NMS for the period 1999–2013. Using these performance measures we identify the winners of accession and those who have performed less well. By ranking individual country performances, our results suggest that Poland and the Baltic countries can be considered the winners of EU accession in agriculture, while Romania, Slovenia and Bulgaria proved to have used their potentials to least effect. It seems that a large number of drivers influenced post‐accession performance including, pre‐accession fund management, differences in initial agricultural conditions, the nature consistency and transparency of agricultural policies, and the extent of privatisation and foreign ownership. On the whole, all countries gained from EU membership, though individual NMS used their possibilities to different extents. Future research might change the indices and periods analysed to test the validity of our results as well as quantify the factors which had the biggest impact on different country performances.
A randomized clinical trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of sitagliptin added to the combination of sulfonylurea and metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and inadequate glycemic control
Authors: Moses Robert G. , Round Elizabeth , Shentu Yue , Golm Gregory T. , O'neill Edward A. , Gantz Ira , Engel Samuel S. , Kaufman Keith D. , Goldstein Barry J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatment generally requires multiple antihyperglycemic agents. When diet, exercise, and treatment with sulfonylurea and metformin do not achieve glycemic goals, several options are available. The present study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of sitagliptin 100 mg/day added to therapy with sulfonylurea and metformin.MethodsPatients with HbA1c ≥7.5% and ≤10.5% while on a sulfonylurea and metformin were randomized 1: 1 to sitagliptin 100 mg/day or placebo for 24 weeks. At Week 24, patients in the placebo group switched to pioglitazone 30 mg/day and both groups continued treatment for another 30 weeks.ResultsOf 427 patients randomized, 339 (79.4%) completed the study. At Week 24, significantly greater (P < 0.001) mean reductions from baseline were seen in the sitagliptin versus placebo group for HbA1c (−0.84% vs −0.16%, respectively), 2‐h post‐meal glucose (−2.0 vs −0.2 mmol/L, respectively) and fasting plasma glucose (−0.7 vs 0.3 mmol/L, respectively). At Week 54, improvements in glycemic control continued. At Week 24, the incidence of adverse events (AEs) was numerically greater with sitagliptin than placebo, primarily because of a higher incidence of hypoglycemia. At Week 54, the incidence of AEs was similar in both groups, primarily because of a higher incidence of hypoglycemia and edema in the placebo/pioglitazone group after Week 24. The only meaningful change in body weight was an increase in the placebo/pioglitazone group at Week 54.ConclusionsIn this study, sitagliptin 100 mg/day was generally well tolerated and provided improvement in glycemic control when added to the combination of sulfonylurea and metformin in patients with T2DM.
Relationship between prevalence and severity of restless legs syndrome and anemia in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Kucuk Adem , Uslu Ali Ugur , Yilmaz Ramazan , Salbas Ender , Solak Yalcin , Tunc Recep 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimOur aim was to evaluate the relationship between the prevalence and severity of restless legs syndrome (RLS) and the anemia in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsThis was a case‐control study which was conducted at the rheumatology clinic of a university affiliated hospital, including 62 patients with SLE and 62 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. The patients were divided into two groups in terms of their hemoglobin levels. The criterion for anemia was hemoglobin level lower than 12 g/dL in females and 13 g/dL in males.ResultsNineteen patients (30.6%) in the patient group were diagnosed with RLS, and International RLS Study Group Rating Scale (IRLSSG‐RS) score was 10.7 ± 9.5 (median:10.0 [range:0.0–30.0]). Three subjects (4.8%) in the control group had RLS, and the IRLSSG‐RS score was 0.7 ± 3.3 (median:0.0 [range:0.0–18.0]). The prevalence of RLS and the IRLSSG‐RS score were higher in the patient group than those in the control group (P < 0.001). Ten SLE patients (50%) with anemia had RLS, and their IRLSSG‐RS score was 14.5 ± 9.9 (median:21.0 [range:11.0–30.0]). Nine SLE patients (21.4%) without anemia had RLS and their IRLSSG‐RS was 9.0 ± 8.9 (median:21.0 [range:11.0–24.0]). Significant differences were present in the prevalence of RLS and the IRLSSG‐RS score between SLE patients with and without anemia (P = 0.024, P = 0.044, respectively).ConclusionThe present study demonstrated that the prevalence of RLS was higher in patients with SLE than that of the normal population. Results of this study also suggested that anemia was associated with higher frequency of and more severe RLS in patients with lupus.
Association between the serum level of vitamin D and systemic sclerosis in a Chinese population: a case control study
Authors: Zhang Li , Duan Yu , Zhang Tian‐Ping , Huang Xiao‐Lei , Li Bao‐Zhu , Ye Dong‐Qing , Wang Jing 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimSeveral autoimmune diseases have been associated with reduced vitamin D levels. However, the serum level of vitamin D in Chinese systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients have not been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of vitamin D in Chinese SSc patients and analyze the association between vitamin D and SSc.Methods25‐hydroxy vitamin D 125I RIA kit was applied to evaluate the serum levels of vitamin D in 60 SSc patients and 60 healthy controls from Anhui Provincial Hospital, China. The data of epidemiological and clinical characteristics of SSc patients were also collected.ResultsThe serum levels of vitamin D were significantly lower in SSc patients than that in healthy controls (26.51 ± 6.27 vs. 36.29 ± 14.24 ng/mL, P < 0.001). The ratio of pulmonary involvement in vitamin D insufficiency patients was higher than that in normal vitamin D patients, but the difference missed statistical significance. The differences in other aspects were not statistically significant in the two groups.ConclusionSerum levels of vitamin D in patients with SSc were lower than that in healthy controls. Further studies are needed to determine whether vitamin D supplement could provide some positive effects.
D14 repeat polymorphism of the asporin gene is associated with primary osteoarthritis of the knee in a Mexican Mestizo population
Authors: González‐Huerta Norma Celia , Borgonio‐Cuadra Verónica Marusa , Zenteno Juan Carlos , Cortés‐González Socorro , Duarte‐Salazar Carolina , Miranda‐Duarte Antonio 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundAsporin is a novel extracellular matrix protein (ECM) with an important role in the development of osteoarthritis (OA), because it has been reported that functional polymorphisms in the aspartic acid repeat (D) of the asporin gene (ASPN) are associated with susceptibility to OA.AimThis study was planned to investigate the association of the ASPN polymorphism with primary OA of the knee in a Mexican population, including several countryside regions.MethodsWe conducted a case‐control study in which 93 cases with primary OA of the knee and 118 controls were included. Cases included patients > 40 years of age, with a body mass index (BMI) ≤ 27 and a radiologic score for OA of the knee of ≥ 2. Controls were subjects > 40 years of age with a radiologic score of < 2. The D repeat polymorphism was genotyped and logistic regression was developed to evaluate risk magnitude.ResultsThe D14 allele was more common in our cases and was associated with an increased risk for developing OA, while the frequencies of the remaining alleles did not exhibit differences.ConclusionOur data suggest that the D14 allele of the ASPN polymorphism could exert an influence on primary OA of the knee etiology in a Mexican Mestizo population.
Simultaneously increased expression of microRNA‐155 and suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) gene in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Chen Ji‐Qing , Zilahi Erika , Papp Gábor , Sipka Sándor , Zeher Margit 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimThe microRNA‐155 (miR‐155) is regarded as a central modulator of T‐cell responses and could be a potential therapeutic target for certain inflammatory diseases. In our present study we analyzed the expression rate of miR‐155 and its functionally linked gene, the suppressor gene of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS).MethodWe enrolled 23 pSS patients and 10 healthy individuals in the study. The expression of miR‐155 and SOCS1 gene were measured by real‐time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsWe observed the over‐expression of miR‐155 in the peripheral mononuclear cells of patients with pSS. Surprisingly, SOCS1 gene was also over‐expressed in pSS patients.ConclusionThis unanticipated phenomenon might be a laboratory characteristic of Sjögren's syndrome, and presumably a consequence of the noteworthy difference in the pSS immune system reacting with Epstein–Barr virus.