bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The cranial nerve zero – mini review
Authors: Vrapciu Alexandra Diana , Popescu Maria Viorela 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The terminal nerve (cranial nerve zero, cranial nerve XIII, the nerve “N”) was discovered in fish in 1894. In the early 90’s, it was found in human embryos and human adults. In the anterior fossa, it courses on the inner side of the olfactory tract and bulb; it then spreads fibers through the cribriform plate to distribute beneath the nasal septum mucosa. Being provided with intrinsic ganglion cells, its functions are weakly suggested by studies in different species. It may be connected with the visual system, it could act upon the intracranial vascular system, or it could ensure the pathway for pheromone-mediated behaviours. The cranial nerve zero deserves a better attention equally from anatomists and ENT specialists.
Equi-Cliquishness and The Hahn Property
Authors: Nesterenko Vasyl’ 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
We study the joint continuity of mappings of two variables. In particular, we show that for a Baire space X, a second countable space Y and a metric space Z, a map f : X × Y → Z has the Hahn property (i.e., there is a residual subset A of X such that A × Y ⊆ C(f)) if and only if f is locally equi-cliquish with respect to y and {x ∈ X: fx is continuous} is a residual subset of X.
Some Algebraic Properties of Finite Binary Sequences
Authors: Filipczak Małgorzata , Filipczak Tomasz 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
We study properties of differences of finite binary sequences with a fixed number of ones, treated as binary numbers from ℤ (2m).We show that any binary sequence consisting of m terms (except of the sequence (1, 0, . . . , 0)) can be presented as a difference of two sequences having exactly n ones, whenever

.
On Semi-Open Sets and Mutual Correspondence Between Properties of Functions Considered with Respect to Different Topological Structures
Authors: Korczak-Kubiak Ewa , Pawlak Ryszard J. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
At the end of the twentieth century, Á. Császár pointed out the possibility of the transition from topology to generalized topology and vice versa. One of the tools used for this purpose are semi-open sets. In this paper, we investigate properties of functions in GTS in the context of semi-open sets, and problems connected with transfer of properties of functions defined and assuming their values in primal spaces to functions considered as mappings in the spaces generated by primal spaces.
Fubini Property for Microscopic Sets
Authors: Paszkiewicz Adam , Wagner-Bojakowska Elżbieta 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
In 2000, I. Recław and P. Zakrzewski introduced the notion of Fubini Property for the pair (I,J) of two σ-ideals in the following way. Let I and J be two σ-ideals on Polish spaces X and Y, respectively. The pair (I,J) has the Fubini Property (FP) if for every Borel subset B of X×Y such that all its vertical sections Bx = {y ∈ Y : (x, y) ∈ B} are in J, then the set of all y ∈ Y, for which horizontal section By = {x ∈ X : (x, y) ∈ B} does not belong to I, is a set from J, i.e.,
{y ∈ Y : By ∉ I} ∈ J.
The Fubini property for the σ-ideal M of microscopic sets is considered and the proof that the pair (M,M) does not satisfy (FP) is given.
Corrigendum to a Category Analogue of The Generalization of Lebesgue Density Topology
Authors: Wojdowski Wojciech 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The notion of AI -density point introduced in Wojdowski, W. A topology stronger than the Lebesgue density topology, in: Real Functions, Density Topology and Related Topics, Łódź Univ. Press, 2011, pp. 73-80 [WO1]. leads to the operator ΦAI (A) which is not a lower density operator. We present a counterexample giving a corrected definition which should be used in [WO1] to keep all results valid.
Histone Deacetylases with Antagonistic Roles inSaccharomyces cerevisiaeHeterochromatin Formation
Authors: Thurtle-Schmidt Deborah M , Dodson Anne E , Rine Jasper 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAs the only catalytic member of the Sir-protein gene-silencing complex, Sir2’s catalytic activity is necessary for silencing. The only known role for Sir2’s catalytic activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae silencing is to deacetylate N-terminal tails of histones H3 and H4, creating high-affinity binding sites for the Sir-protein complex, resulting in association of Sir proteins across the silenced domain. This histone deacetylation model makes the simple prediction that preemptively removing Sir2’s H3 and H4 acetyl substrates, by mutating these lysines to unacetylatable arginines, or removing the acetyl transferase responsible for their acetylation, should restore silencing in the Sir2 catalytic mutant. However, this was not the case. We conducted a genetic screen to explore what aspect of Sir2’s catalytic activity has not been accounted for in silencing. Mutation of a nonsirtuin histone deacetylase, Rpd3, restored Sir-protein-based silencing in the absence of Sir2’s catalytic activity. Moreover, this antagonism could be mediated by either the large or the small Rpd3-containing complex. Interestingly, this restoration of silencing appeared independent of any known histone H3 or H4 substrates of Rpd3. Investigation of Sir-protein association in the Rpd3 mutant revealed that the restoration of silencing was correlated with an increased association of Sir proteins at the silencers, suggesting that Rpd3 was an antagonist of Sir2’s function in nucleation of Sir proteins to the silencer. Additionally, restoration of silencing by Rpd3 was dependent on another sirtuin family member, Hst3, indicating multiple antagonistic roles for deacetylases in S. cerevisiae silencing.
A Non-Planar Iodinated Pyrrole Study
Authors: Valenzuela-Hermosillo E.A. , Pacheco-Sánchez J.H. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTNon-planar iodinated pyrrole structures were found through DFT calculations of geometry optimization, when doping one pyrrole molecule with iodine atoms. This take us to a new mono-iodinated pyrrole structure in which one pyrrole molecule is attacked with one iodine atom in a pyramidal configuration. Then, the pyrrole molecule was attacked with two and until four optimized linear iodine atoms in a pyramidal structure configuration. The corresponding potential energy curves were also constructed in order to know what kind of adsorption (physisorption or chemisorption) is obtained, considering physisorption as lower than ten kcal/mol, and chemisorption greater than twenty kcal/mol according to the literature. Finally, it is known that halogenated pyrrole is a highly conductive material required in several fields.
MENGINTEGRASIKAN PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA BERBASIS BUDAYA BANTEN PADA PENDIRIAN SD LABORATORIUM UPI KAMPUS SERANG
Authors: Supriadi - - , Arisetyawan Andika , Tiurlina - - 
Published: August 2016

This study focused on the characteristics of the development of teaching materials, teachers and students in mathematics learning based on Banten's culture. The Method which is used in this research are didactical Design Research and experimental study, the subject of the study is a second grade of primary school student in the city of Serang where this research was taking place in academic year 2015/2016. The study stated that: Characteristics of teachers in mathematics learning based on Banten’s culture,the teachers have the ability of metapedagogical skill in preparing the learning process which are divided into three stages: before, during and after learning. Meanwhile, before learning the subject, The Students have to learn more about Banten’s culture, Also They discussed and solved the problems using it. On the last stage, the students reflected their knowledge and shared their impressions after learning.
Butterfly diversity of Satara Tehsil, District Satara Maharashtra
Authors: P. A. Pawar , V Y Deshpande 
Published: August 2016

<div><p><em>Butterflies and moths belong to the order Lepidoptera (scaly winged insects) The butterfly species of family Nymphalidae were identified as indicators of disturbance in any area. In the present study a total of 52 individuals belonging to 9 sub families 28 genera were identified and were recorded. Among which </em><em>Limenitidiae</em><em> was found to be the most dominant subfamily followed by</em><em>Satyrinae</em><em>. The area of study having rich diversity of butterflies, therefore this study may be of great importance for the conservation ofbutterflies. This study being the pioneer study in the area is of immense importance.</em><em></em></p></div>
Love for the rails; Paul Theroux’s Travelogues
Authors: Mathews Neema Susan 
Published: August 2016

<div><p><em>In Paul Theroux’s writings railways do not just provide a background or a theme, but become a functional and structural part of their plot and narration. For Theroux railways offer a cross section of a society</em><em>.</em><em>The references in his writings are interesting findings in cultural study. The co-travellers create a temporary cultural aura in the compartment. When the narrator involves in conversation with the co-passengers, he acts as a mediator between the readers and the native. A train is both mobile and stationary at the same time. It is mobile for it takes passengers one place to another, at the same time it offers the traveller a stable platform to observe and socialise. Stating the insignificance of destinations, Theroux invites attention to the ‘being in a train’ experience.</em><em></em></p></div><p> </p>
New Functions of Higher Education in Achieving Education for all
Authors: Chaurasia Niranjani 
Published: August 2016

<div><p class="BodyText1"><em>Higher education is at the top of the education pyramid and determines to a large extent the state of the education system of the country, especially its quality. As such it has a responsibility towards the whole education system as it has towards the whole of society.</em></p><p class="BodyText1"><em>The World Conference on Higher Education has one of the missions and functions of higher education: “to contribute to the development and improvement of education at all levels, including through training of teachers.”</em></p><p class="BodyText1"><em>Higher education has an important role to play through its graduates who should provide leadership roles in education as researchers, teachers, consultants and managers, who should create and apply new knowledge and innovations, and who should provide analytical perspectives on development problems and service to public and private sectors.</em></p><p class="BodyText1"><em>Higher education through its research function could identify the preconditions for a supportive policy context for the development of basic education and explore techniques of mobilizing resources. Through its research, training and service programmes (the three principal functions), it could contribute to build national technical capacity and contribute to strengthening international solidarity.</em></p><p class="BodyText1"><em>In particular, to promote basic education for all, higher education through its three principal functions, could improve access and equity in basic education, its quality and relevance and improve its efficiency and management. </em></p></div>
Spatio‐Temporal Nitrogen Fertilizer Response in Maize: Field Study and Modeling Approach
Authors: Albarenque Susana M. , Basso Bruno , Caviglia Octavio P. , Melchiori Ricardo J.M. 
Published: August 2016

Maize (Zea mays L.) yield and its response to nitrogen (N) are affected by the spatial variability of the interaction between weather, management, and soil properties. The objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate the response of spatial variability of maize yield by homogeneous zones (HZs) to different N fertilizer rates under rainfed conditions, (ii) to test the ability of the SALUS (System Approach to Land Use Sustainability) model to simulate the effects of N rates on maize yield under rainfed and irrigated conditions, and (iii) to estimate spatial and temporal N fertilizer response risk in maize through the use of long‐term simulations. In two field experiments in Parana, Argentina (−31.8333°, −60.5167°) in 2011 (Field 1) and 2012 (Field 2), four fertilization treatments (0, 70, 140, and 210 kg ha−1) were evaluated in different HZs. The SALUS model was used to evaluate spatial variability in yield, N response, and net revenue over the long‐term period (1971–2012). Results showed that yield was significantly affected by N rate (p < 0.01) in both fields and by HZ in Field 2 (p < 0.05), whereas N response was only affected by N rate. Simulated yield was significantly affected by N. The model accounted for the spatial variability, showing HZ effect (p < 0.001) and a significant HZ × N interaction (p < 0.0001). The optimal economic return N rate differed between HZs in both fields. Our procedure demonstrated the ability to improve N management by the selection of appropriate N rates across the field, thereby improving N use efficiency and growers’ profits and reducing the potential for negative environmental impacts.Core Ideas

Model‐based approach accounted for spatio‐temporal variability of maize N response.
Temporal variability of grain yield, N response, and net revenue increased with N rate.
The N rate required to reach the highest net revenue differed between homogenous zones within fields.
Selecting N rate by homogenous zones might reduce environmental and economic risk.
Evaluation of Some Fungicides and Bio-Agents against Sclerotium rolfsii and Foot and Root Rot Disease of Eggplant (<i>Solanum melongena</i> L.)
Authors: Nuray Alam Siddique Mohammad , Noman Faruq Ahmmed Abu , Golam Hasan Mazumder Md. , Khaiyam M O , Rafiqul Islam Md. 
Published: August 2016

Two experiments were conducted in a complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications to evaluate the efficacy of some fungicides and bio-agents against foot and root rot of eggplant. Ten treatments including five fungicides, two plant extracts, one poultry manure and an antagonist were evaluated against the disease and its causal agent. Fungicides and plant extracts were sprayed at the base of each plant and adjacent soil at 40, 50 and 60 days after transplanting (DAT). Poultry manure and bio-agent were applied to the soil before transplanting. The highest reduction of mycelium growth (74.44 %) and sclerotia production (77.13 %) were recorded in Bavistin 50 WP by poison food technique. Topgan 50 WP and Ridomil Gold also had similar effects. The lowest incidence (7.10 %) of foot rot was observed in Bavistin 50 WP at 120 DAT that was similar with Topgan 50 WP and Ridomil Gold. The lowest disease severity (stem lesion area) was also found in each of Bavistin 50 WP (0.71 cm) and Topgan 50 WP which resulted in higher yield (18.07 ton/ha). Application of bio-agent (Trichoderma harzianum) also showed promising effect against foot and root rot disease. Bavistin 50 WP is therefore recommended for controlling the foot and root rot of eggplant.The Agriculturists 2016; 14(1) 92-97
WITNESSING THE BIRTH OF THE RED SEQUENCE: ALMA HIGH-RESOLUTION IMAGING OF
AND DUST IN TWO INTERACTING ULTRA-RED STARBURSTS AT z = 4.425
Authors: Oteo I. , Ivison R. J. , Dunne L. , Smail I. , Swinbank A. M. , Zhang Z-Y. , Lewis A. , Maddox S. , Riechers D. , Serjeant S. , Werf P. Van der , Biggs A. D. , Bremer M. , Cigan P. , Clements D. L. , Cooray A. , Dannerbauer H. , Eales S. , Ibar E. , Messias H. , Michałowski M. J. , Pérez-Fournon I. , Kampen E. van 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Exploiting the sensitivity and spatial resolution of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, we have studied the morphology and the physical scale of the interstellar medium—both gas and dust—in SGP 38326, an unlensed pair of interacting starbursts at z = 4.425. SGP 38326 is the most luminous star bursting system known at z > 4, with a total IR luminosity of L
IR ∼ 2.5 × 1013
L
⊙ and a star formation rate of ∼ 4500 M
⊙ yr−1. SGP 38326 also contains a molecular gas reservoir among the most massive yet found in the early universe, and it is the likely progenitor of a massive, red-and-dead elliptical galaxy at z ∼ 3. Probing scales of ∼0.″1 or ∼800 pc we find that the smooth distribution of the continuum emission from cool dust grains contrasts with the more irregular morphology of the gas, as traced by the [C ii] fine structure emission. The gas is also extended over larger physical scales than the dust. The velocity information provided by the resolved [C ii] emission reveals that the dynamics of the two interacting components of SGP 38326 are each compatible with disk-like, ordered rotation, but also reveals an ISM which is turbulent and unstable. Our observations support a scenario where at least a subset of the most distant extreme starbursts are highly dissipative mergers of gas-rich galaxies.
ON ELECTRON-SCALE WHISTLER TURBULENCE IN THE SOLAR WIND
Authors: Narita Y. , Nakamura R. , Baumjohann W. , Glassmeier K.-H. , Motschmann U. , Giles B. , Magnes W. , Fischer D. , Torbert R. B. , Russell C. T. , Strangeway R. J. , Burch J. L. , Nariyuki Y. , Saito S. , Gary S. P. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
For the first time, the dispersion relation for turbulence magnetic field fluctuations in the solar wind is determined directly on small scales of the order of the electron inertial length, using four-point magnetometer observations from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission. The data are analyzed using the high-resolution adaptive wave telescope technique. Small-scale solar wind turbulence is primarily composed of highly obliquely propagating waves, with dispersion consistent with that of the whistler mode.
MAGE-C2–Specific TCRs Combined with Epigenetic Drug-Enhanced Antigenicity Yield Robust and Tumor-Selective T Cell Responses
Authors: Kunert Andre , van Brakel Mandy , van Steenbergen-Langeveld Sabine , da Silva Marvin , Coulie Pierre G. , Lamers Cor , Sleijfer Stefan , Debets Reno 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapy has shown significant clinical success for patients with advanced melanoma and other tumors. Further development of T cell therapy requires improved strategies to select effective, yet nonself-reactive, TCRs. In this study, we isolated 10 TCR sequences against four MAGE-C2 (MC2) epitopes from melanoma patients who showed clinical responses following vaccination that were accompanied by significant frequencies of anti-MC2 CD8 T cells in blood and tumor without apparent side effects. We introduced these TCRs into T cells, pretreated tumor cells of different histological origins with the epigenetic drugs azacytidine and valproate, and tested tumor and self-reactivities of these TCRs. Pretreatment of tumor cells upregulated MC2 gene expression and enhanced recognition by T cells. In contrast, a panel of normal cell types did not express MC2 mRNA, and similar pretreatment did not result in recognition by MC2-directed T cells. Interestingly, the expression levels of MC2, but not those of CD80, CD86, or programmed death-ligand 1 or 2, correlated with T cell responsiveness. One of the tested TCRs consistently recognized pretreated MC2+ cell lines from melanoma, head and neck, bladder, and triple-negative breast cancers but showed no response to MHC-eluted peptides or peptides highly similar to MC2. We conclude that targeting MC2 Ag, combined with epigenetic drug-enhanced antigenicity, allows for significant and tumor-selective T cell responses.
Fluorescent biological aerosol particle measurements at a tropical
high-altitude site in southern India during the southwest
monsoon season
Authors: Valsan A. E. , Ravikrishna R. , Biju C. V. , Pöhlker C. , Després V. R. , Huffman J. A. , Pöschl U. , Gunthe S. S. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract. An ultraviolet aerodynamic particle sizer (UV-APS) was continuously operated for the first time during two seasons to sample the contrasting winds during monsoon and winter to characterize the properties of fluorescent biological aerosol particles (FBAPs), at a high-altitude site in India. Averaged over the entire monsoon campaign (1 June–21 August 2014), the arithmetic mean number and mass concentrations of coarse-mode (> 1 µm) FBAPs were 0.02 cm−3 and 0.24 µg m−3, respectively, which corresponded to  ∼  2 and 6 % of total aerosol loading, respectively. Average FBAP number size distribution exhibited a peak at  ∼  3 µm, which is attributed to the fungal spores, as supported by scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, and these results are consistent with previous studies made for FBAPs. During 11 weeks of measurements the variability of the total coarse-mode particle number (TAP) concentration was high compared to that observed in FBAP number concentrations. The TAP and FBAP number concentrations measured at this site were strongly dependent on changes in wind direction and rainfall. During periods of westerly/southwesterly winds with heavy persistent rainfall, the TAP and FBAP concentrations exhibited very low values (1.3 and 0.005 cm−3, respectively) with no significant diurnal variations, whereas during periods of northerly winds with scattered rainfall FBAPs exhibited relatively high concentration values (0.05 cm−3) with pronounced diurnal variations, which were strongly coupled with diurnal variations in meteorological parameters. The campaign-averaged FBAP number concentrations were shown to correlate with daily patterns of meteorological parameters and were positively correlated with relative humidity (RH; R2  =  0.58) and negatively with temperature (R2  =  0.60) and wind speed (R2  =  0.60). We did not observe any significant positive correlation with precipitation as reported by previous researchers from selected areas. These measurement results confirm the fact that the ratio of PBAPs to TAP is strongly dependent on particle size and location and thus may constitute a significant proportion of total aerosol particles.
The Applicability of Plantar Padding in Reducing Peak Plantar Pressure in the Forefeet of Healthy Adults
Authors: Gatt Alfred , Briffa Andrea , Chockalingam Nachiappan , Formosa Cynthia 
Published: August 2016

Background: We investigated the effectiveness and durability of two types of plantar padding, the plantar metatarsal pad and the single wing plantar cover, which are commonly used for reducing forefoot plantar pressures.Methods: Mean peak plantar pressure and impulse at the hallux and at the first, second, third, and fourth metatarsophalangeal joints across both feet were recorded using the two-step method in 18 individuals with normal asymptomatic feet. Plantar paddings were retained for 5 days, and their durability and effectiveness were assessed by repeating the foot plantar measurement at baseline and after 3 and 5 days.Results: The single wing plantar cover devised from 5-mm felt adhesive padding was effective and durable in reducing peak plantar pressure and impulse at the first metatarsophalangeal joint (P = .001 and P = .015, respectively); however, it was not found to be effective in reducing peak plantar pressure and impulse at the hallux (P = .782 and P = .845, respectively). The plantar metatarsal pad was not effective in reducing plantar forefoot pressure and impulse at the second, third, and fourth metatarsophalangeal joints (P = .310 and P = .174, respectively).Conclusions: These results imply limited applicability of the single wing plantar cover and the plantar metatarsal pad in reducing hallux pressure and second through fourth metatarsophalangeal joint pressure, respectively. However, the single wing plantar cover remained durable for the 5 days of the trial and was effective in reducing the peak plantar pressure and impulse underneath the first metatarsophalangeal joint.