bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Case of Dichorionic Twin Pregnancy with Maternal Propylthiouracil Induced Hypothyroid Goiter in Both Fetuses Treated with Intramniotic Levothyroxine
Authors: Balakrishnan Bijoy , Vikraman Seneesh Kumar , Batra Meenu , Sreeja P. S. , Patil Swapneel Neelkanth , Kannoly Gopinathan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFetal hypothyroid goiters are observed in 1:40,000 births. They are usually attributed to underlying thyroid glandular dysgenesis, dyshormonogenesis, or an adverse effect of maternal anti-thyroid drugs. The objective of the present case report is to outline the details of a twin gestation with hypothyroid goiter in both fetuses managed by intramniotic levothyroxine administration. The index pregnancy was of dichorionic twin gestation in which the mother was receiving oral propylthiouracil. Fetal goiters were first detected in ultrasound performed at 31 weeks of gestation. The hypothyroid nature of goiters was confirmed by cordocentesis from both sacs. Intramniotic administration of 100 μg of levothyroxine into both sacs was performed twice at the interval of two weeks. The response to treatment was assessed by amniotic fluid thyroid hormone levels, and serial measurement of thyroid gland volume. Emergency cesarean section was performed at 35 weeks due to preterm labor. Both fetuses were euthyroid at birth and were discharged in good health.
Tensile strength comparison between peroneus longus and hamstring tendons: A biomechanical study
Authors: Rudy  , Mustamsir Edi , Phatama Krisna Yuarno 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Introduction
Soft tissue injuries, particularly ligaments and tendons, are the most common injuries in sports, account for more than 50% of all injuries and often require orthopedic surgery. According to data in the general population, the incidence rate of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury was 1:3500. The treatment option of ACL injury cases include physical exercise and reconstruction surgery. Graft options for the ACL reconstruction include:autograft and allograft. One of the most popular autograft is hamstring. The use of hamstrings in ACL reconstruction still arguing among the expert. The choice of autograft that can be chosen as a new alternative is the peroneus longus tendon. Currently, there is very few biomechanical study on peroneus longus strength as an alternative choice of autograft in ACL reconstruction. The study to determine the tensile strength of the peroneus longus tendon was conducted by the researcher as a preliminary study that could bring new perspective for future studies.

Materials and methods
This is an experimental research. Six human cadaveric specimens as research material. Each cadaver was treated by taking hamstring and peroneus from both lower limbs. The hamstring and peroneal tendons were then measured by applying the Hydraulic Servo Pulser tensile test apparatus. Data on tensile strength comparison between peroneal tendon and hamstring were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics.

Result
From the measurement results, it is known that hamstring has lower average tensile strength value compared to peroneus without significant difference (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
The tensile strength of the peroneus longus tendon, which is similar to that of hamstring, gives information that both have the same biomechanic properties. Peroneus longus should not be used as a first option in ACL reconstruction, but may be used as an alternative donor in cases involving multiple instability that require more tendon donors in the reconstruction.

Highlights
Radiocarbon Dating Wooden Carvings and Skeletal Remains from Pitch Lake, Trinidad
Authors: Brock Fiona , Ostapkowicz Joanna , Wiedenhoeft Alex C , Bull Ian D 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTSince the mid-19th century, rare prehistoric wooden carvings and human skeletal remains have been dredged from Pitch Lake, Trinidad, during commercial asphalt mining. Establishing a chronology for these objects is challenging, due to both a lack of stratigraphic and contextual information and the necessity to completely remove any pitch to ensure accurate radiocarbon (14C) dates. A range of solvent extraction protocols was tested to identify the most suitable one for pretreating the Pitch Lake artifacts, and then applied to ten wooden objects and a human cranium recovered from the lake. Several of these objects yielded earlier dates than expected, raising concerns that pitch had remained after pretreatment and had affected the dates. Pyrolysis-GC/MS and optical microscopy techniques were applied to material from the human cranium, a weaving tool, and a small bowl. These techniques, as well as routinely applied laboratory quality assurance procedures, indicated that there was no residual pitch within the cranium or the weaving tool after pretreatment, giving confidence to the dates. However, the small bowl was observed to still be contaminated with pitch after extensive pretreatment, indicating that the date is too old and can only be considered as aterminus post quem.
The Minoan Santorini Eruption and its14C Position in Archaeological Strata: Preliminary Comparison Between Ashkelon and Tell El-Dabca
Authors: Bruins Hendrik J , van der Plicht Johannes 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTThe volcanic mega event of the Minoan Santorini eruption constitutes a time anchor in the 2nd millennium BCE that is inherently independent of archaeology and political history. It was a geological event. Yet the dimension of time in geology is not different than in archaeology or human history. Why then does archaeological dating usually place the Minoan Santorini eruption in the 18th Dynasty around 1500 BCE, whilst radiocarbon dating of the volcanic event at Akrotiri (Thera) yielded a calibrated age of 1646–1603 cal BCE, a difference of more than a century? The crux of the problem lies apparently in the correlation between archaeological strata and political history. We present radiocarbon dates of Ashkelon Phases 10 and 11 in comparison to Tell el-Dabca and the Santorini eruption, based only on14C dating. Tell el-Dabca Phase D/2 is slightly older than the volcanic event. But Phase D/1 or Phase C/2-3 could have witnessed the eruption. Ashkelon Phase 11 has similar radiocarbon dates as Tell el-Dabca Phases E/2, E/1 and D/3, all being significantly older than the Minoan eruption. It seems that the duration of Ashkelon Phase 10 includes the temporal occurrence of the Minoan Santorini eruption within the Second Intermediate Period.
Entrepreneurial Litigation and Venture Capital Finance
Authors: Cumming Douglas , Haslem Bruce , Knill April 
Published: October 2017

This article empirically examines the interaction between entrepreneurial plaintiff firm litigation and venture capital (VC). The data indicate that, relative to nonplaintiffs, firms that litigate prior to (after) obtaining VC i) receive financing from less (more) reputable venture capitalists (VCs), ii) are subject to greater (similar) oversight by VCs, iii) receive less (more) VC funding, iv) are more likely to exit through an initial public offering than through an acquisition, and v) are less likely to be liquidated when litigation occurs after VC financing. The results are robust to different specifications, methodologies, and endogeneity checks.
Smad3 initiates oxidative stress and proteolysis that underlies diaphragm dysfunction during mechanical ventilation
Authors: Tang Huibin , L. Kennedy Catherine , Lee Myung , Gao Yang , Xia Hui , Olguin Francesca , Fraga Danielle A. , Ayers Kelsey , Choi Sehoon , Kim Michael , Tehrani Amir , Sowb Yasser A. , Rando Thomas A. , Shrager Joseph B. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractProlonged use of mechanical ventilation (MV) leads to atrophy and dysfunction of the major inspiratory muscle, the diaphragm, contributing to ventilator dependence. Numerous studies have shown that proteolysis and oxidative stress are among the major effectors of ventilator-induced diaphragm muscle dysfunction (VIDD), but the upstream initiator(s) of this process remain to be elucidated. We report here that periodic diaphragm contraction via phrenic nerve stimulation (PNS) substantially reduces MV-induced proteolytic activity and oxidative stress in the diaphragm. We show that MV rapidly induces phosphorylation of Smad3, and PNS nearly completely prevents this effect. In cultured cells, overexpressed Smad3 is sufficient to induce oxidative stress and protein degradation, whereas inhibition of Smad3 activity suppresses these events. In rats subjected to MV, inhibition of Smad3 activity by SIS3 suppresses oxidative stress and protein degradation in the diaphragm and prevents the reduction in contractility that is induced by MV. Smad3’s effect appears to link to STAT3 activity, which we previously identified as a regulator of VIDD. Inhibition of Smad3 suppresses STAT3 signaling both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, MV-induced diaphragm inactivity initiates catabolic changes via rapid activation of Smad3 signaling. An early intervention with PNS and/or pharmaceutical inhibition of Smad3 may prevent clinical VIDD.
Ullmann Coupling Reactions on Ag(111) and Ag(110); Substrate Influence on the Formation of Covalently Coupled Products and Intermediate Metal-Organic Structures
Authors: Judd Chris J. , Haddow Sarah L. , Champness Neil R. , Saywell Alex 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOn-surface reactions based on Ullmann coupling are known to proceed on coinage-metal substrates (e.g. Au, Ag, Cu), with the chemistry of the surface strongly influencing the reaction progression. In addition, the topography of the surface may be expected to affect the local adsorption geometry of the reactants as well as the intermediate and final structures. Here, we investigate the effect of two different surface facets of silver, Ag(111) and Ag(110) on the formation of organometallic and covalent structures for Ullmann-type coupling reactions. Deposition of 4,4”-diiodo-m-terphenyl molecules onto either Ag(111) or Ag(110) surfaces leads to the scission of C-I bonds followed by the formation of organometallic zigzag structures, consisting of molecules connected by coordination bonds to Ag adatoms. The covalently coupled product is formed by annealing each surface, leading to the removal of Ag atoms and the formation of covalently bonded zigzag poly(m-phenylene) structures. Comparisons of the adsorption model of molecules on each surface before and after annealing reveal that on Ag(111), structures rearrange by rotation and elongation of bonds in order to become commensurate with the surface, whereas for the Ag(110) surface, the similarity in adsorption geometry of the intermediate and final states means that no rotation is required.
Application of Cre-lox gene switch to limit the Cry expression in rice green tissues
Authors: Chen Hao , Luo Ju , Zheng Peng , Zhang Xiaobo , Zhang Cuicui , Li Xinyuan , Wang Mugui , Huang Yuqing , Liu Xuejiao , Jan Mehmood , Liu Yujun , Hu Peisong , Tu Jumin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe presence of genetically modified (GM) protein in the endosperm is important information for the public when considering the biological safety of transgenic rice. To limit the expression of GM proteins to rice green tissues, we developed a modified Cre-lox gene switch using two cassettes named KEY and LOCK. KEY contains a nuclear-localized Cre recombinase driven by the green-tissue-specific promoter rbcS. LOCK contains a Nos terminator (NosT), which is used to block the expression of the gene of interest (GOI), bounded by two loxP sites. When KEY and LOCK are pyramided into hybrid rice, a complete gene switch system is formed. The Cre recombinase from KEY excises loxP-NosT in LOCK and unlocks the GOI in green tissues but keeps it locked in the endosperm. This regulatory effect was demonstrated by eYFP and Bt expression assays. The presence of eYFP and Cre were confirmed in the leaf, sheath, stem, and glume but not in the root, anther or seed of the gene-switch-controlled eYFP hybrids. Meanwhile, gene switch-controlled Bt hybrid rice not only confined the expression of Bt protein to the green tissues but also showed high resistance to striped stem borers and leaffolders.
Evidence for Human Streptococcus pneumoniae in wild and captive chimpanzees: A potential threat to wild populations
Authors: Köndgen Sophie , Calvignac-Spencer Sebastien , Grützmacher Kim , Keil Verena , Mätz-Rensing Kerstin , Nowak Kathrin , Metzger Sonja , Kiyang John , Lübke-Becker Antina , Deschner Tobias , Wittig Roman M. , Lankester Felix , Leendertz Fabian H. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHabituation of wild great apes for tourism and research has had a significant positive effect on the conservation of these species. However, risks associated with such activities have been identified, specifically the transmission of human respiratory viruses to wild great apes, causing high morbidity and, occasionally, mortality. Here, we investigate the source of bacterial-viral co-infections in wild and captive chimpanzee communities in the course of several respiratory disease outbreaks. Molecular analyses showed that human respiratory syncytial viruses (HRSV) and human metapneumoviruses (HMPV) were involved in the etiology of the disease. In addition our analysis provide evidence for coinfection withStreptococcus (S.) pneumoniae. Characterisation of isolates from wild chimpanzees point towards a human origin of these bacteria. Transmission of these bacteria is of concern because – in contrast to HRSV and HMPV -S. pneumoniaecan become part of the nasopharyngeal flora, contributing to the severity of respiratory disease progression. Furthermore these bacteria have the potential to spread to other individuals in the community and ultimately into the population. Targeted vaccination programs could be used to vaccinate habituated great apes but also human populations around great ape habitats, bringing health benefits to both humans and wild great apes.
Smoking induces DNA methylation changes in Multiple Sclerosis patients with exposure-response relationship
Authors: Marabita Francesco , Almgren Malin , Sjöholm Louise K. , Kular Lara , Liu Yun , James Tojo , Kiss Nimrod B. , Feinberg Andrew P. , Olsson Tomas , Kockum Ingrid , Alfredsson Lars , Ekström Tomas J. , Jagodic Maja 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCigarette smoking is an established environmental risk factor for Multiple Sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease, although a mechanistic basis remains largely unknown. We aimed at investigating how smoking affects blood DNA methylation in MS patients, by assaying genome-wide DNA methylation and comparing smokers, former smokers and never smokers in two Swedish cohorts, differing for known MS risk factors. Smoking affects DNA methylation genome-wide significantly, an exposure-response relationship exists and the time since smoking cessation affects methylation levels. The results also show that the changes were larger in the cohort bearing the major genetic risk factors for MS (female sex and HLA risk haplotypes). Furthermore, CpG sites mapping to genes with known genetic or functional role in the disease are differentially methylated by smoking. Modeling of the methylation levels for a CpG site in the AHRR gene indicates that MS modifies the effect of smoking on methylation changes, by significantly interacting with the effect of smoking load. Alongside, we report that the gene expression of AHRR increased in MS patients after smoking. Our results suggest that epigenetic modifications may reveal the link between a modifiable risk factor and the pathogenetic mechanisms.
Developing a Black Carbon-Substituted Multimedia Model for Simulating the PAH Distributions in Urban Environments
Authors: Wang Chunhui , Zhou Shenglu , He Yue , Wang Junxiao , Wang Fei , Wu Shaohua 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA multimedia fugacity model with spatially resolved environmental phases at an urban scale was developed. In this model, the key parameter, organic matter, was replaced with black carbon (BC) and applied to simulate the distributions of phenanthrene (Phe), pyrene (Pyr) and benzo[α]pyrene (BaP) in Nanjing, China. Based on the estimated emissions and measured inflows of air and water, the Phe, Pyr and BaP concentrations in different environment media were calculated under steady-state assumptions. The original model (OC-Model), BC-inclusive model (dual C-Model) and improved model (BC-Model) were validated by comparing observed and predicted Phe, Pyr and BaP concentrations. Our results suggested that lighter polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were more affected by BC substitution than their heavier counterparts. We advocate the utilization of sorption with BC in future multimedia fate models for lighter PAHs based on the comparison of the calculated and observed values from measured and published sources. The spatial distributions of the Phe, Pyr and BaP concentrations in all phases were rationally mapped based on the calculated concentrations from the BC-Model, indicating that soil was the dominant sink of PAHs in terrestrial systems, while sediment was the dominant sink of PAHs in aquatic systems.
Waterlogging accelerates the loss of soil organic carbon from abandoned paddy fields in the hilly terrain in subtropical China
Authors: Xie Xiao Li , Wang Wei , Tian Wen Wen , Xie Ke Jun 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPaddy soils have been widely recognized as important carbon sinks. However, paddy field abandonment is increasing in the hilly area in subtropical China. Soil waterlogging and weed burning are common practices in abandoned paddy fields, which could affect vegetation cover and carbon sequestration. An rice cultivation experiment was ceased in 2006, and four new treatments were applied as waterlogging (W), drainage (D), waterlogging combined with burning (WB), and drainage combined with burning (DB). Waterlogging altered the vegetation cover and caused an associated change in biomass. Paspalum paspaloides, Murdannia triquetra, and Bidens frondosa dominated W and WB plots, and Microstegium vimineum and Bidens frondosa dominated D and DB plots. Abandonment of paddy fields led to a rapid decrease in soil organic carbon (SOC), and waterlogging accelerates SOC loss which should be attributed mainly to alteration of the vegetation cover. Six years’ rice cultivation increased SOC content by 13.5% (2.4 g kg−1) on average. In contrast, six years’ abandonment reduced SOC content by 14.5% (3.0 g kg−1) on average. Decline rate of SOC was 0.38, 0.64, 0.30, and 0.65 g kg−1 a−1 for D, W, DB, and WB, respectively. Such results indicate a significant risk of SOC loss from abandoned paddy fields.
A multi-component discrete Boltzmann model for nonequilibrium reactive flows
Authors: Lin Chuandong , Luo Kai Hong , Fei Linlin , Succi Sauro 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe propose a multi-component discrete Boltzmann model (DBM) for premixed, nonpremixed, or partially premixed nonequilibrium reactive flows. This model is suitable for both subsonic and supersonic flows with or without chemical reaction and/or external force. A two-dimensional sixteen-velocity model is constructed for the DBM. In the hydrodynamic limit, the DBM recovers the modified Navier-Stokes equations for reacting species in a force field. Compared to standard lattice Boltzmann models, the DBM presents not only more accurate hydrodynamic quantities, but also detailed nonequilibrium effects that are essential yet long-neglected by traditional fluid dynamics. Apart from nonequilibrium terms (viscous stress and heat flux) in conventional models, specific hydrodynamic and thermodynamic nonequilibrium quantities (high order kinetic moments and their departure from equilibrium) are dynamically obtained from the DBM in a straightforward way. Due to its generality, the developed methodology is applicable to a wide range of phenomena across many energy technologies, emissions reduction, environmental protection, mining accident prevention, chemical and process industry.
The subpolar gyre regulates silicate concentrations in the North Atlantic
Authors: Hátún H. , Azetsu-Scott K. , Somavilla R. , Rey F. , Johnson C. , Mathis M. , Mikolajewicz U. , Coupel P. , Tremblay J.-É. , Hartman S. , Pacariz S. V. , Salter I. , Ólafsson J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe North Atlantic is characterized by diatom-dominated spring blooms that results in significant transfer of carbon to higher trophic levels and the deep ocean. These blooms are terminated by limiting silicate concentrations in summer. Numerous regional studies have demonstrated phytoplankton community shifts to lightly-silicified diatoms and non-silicifying plankton at the onset of silicate limitation. However, to understand basin-scale patterns in ecosystem and climate dynamics, nutrient inventories must be examined over sufficient temporal and spatial scales. Here we show, from a new comprehensive compilation of data from the subpolar Atlantic Ocean, clear evidence of a marked pre-bloom silicate decline of 1.5–2 µM throughout the winter mixed layer during the last 25 years. This silicate decrease is primarily attributed to natural multi-decadal variability through decreased winter convection depths since the mid-1990s, a weakening and retraction of the subpolar gyre and an associated increased influence of nutrient-poor water of subtropical origin. Reduced Arctic silicate import and the projected hemispheric-scale climate change-induced weakening of vertical mixing may have acted to amplify the recent decline. These marked fluctuations in pre-bloom silicate inventories will likely have important consequences for the spatial and temporal extent of diatom blooms, thus impacting ecosystem productivity and ocean-atmosphere climate dynamics.
ALS Associated Mutations in Matrin 3 Alter Protein-Protein Interactions and Impede mRNA Nuclear Export
Authors: Boehringer Ashley , Garcia-Mansfield Krystine , Singh Gurkaran , Bakkar Nadine , Pirrotte Patrick , Bowser Robert 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMutations in Matrin 3 have recently been linked to ALS, though the mechanism that induces disease in these patients is unknown. To define the protein interactome of wild-type and ALS-linked MATR3 mutations, we performed immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry using NSC-34 cells expressing human wild-type or mutant Matrin 3. Gene ontology analysis identified a novel role for Matrin 3 in mRNA transport centered on proteins in the TRanscription and EXport (TREX) complex, known to function in mRNA biogenesis and nuclear export. ALS-linked mutations in Matrin 3 led to its re-distribution within the nucleus, decreased co-localization with endogenous Matrin 3 and increased co-localization with specific TREX components. Expression of disease-causing Matrin 3 mutations led to nuclear mRNA export defects of both global mRNA and more specifically the mRNA of TDP-43 and FUS. Our findings identify a potential pathogenic mechanism attributable to MATR3 mutations and further link cellular transport defects to ALS.