bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Vancomycin Dose for Recommended Trough Concentrations in Pediatric Patients With Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Amin Raid W. , Guttmann Rodney P. , Harris Quianna R. , Thomas Janesha W. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractVancomycin is a key antibiotic used in the treatment of multiple conditions including infections associated with cystic fibrosis and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The present study sought to develop a model based on empirical evidence of optimal vancomycin dose as judged by clinical observations that could accelerate the achievement of desired trough level in children with cystic fibrosis. Transformations of dose and trough were used to arrive at regression models with excellent fit for dose based on weight or age for a target trough. Results of this study indicate that the 2 proposed regression models are robust to changes in age or weight, suggesting that the daily dose on a per‐kilogram basis is determined primarily by the desired trough level. The results show that to obtain a vancomycin trough level of 20 μg/mL, a dose of 80 mg/kg/day is needed. This analysis should improve the efficiency of vancomycin usage by reducing the number of titration steps, resulting in improved patient outcome and experience.
Feedforward control application in aerobic and anoxic biotrickling filters for H2S removal from biogas
Authors: López Luis R , Brito Javier , Mora Mabel , Almenglo Fernando , Baeza Juan A , Ramírez Martín , Lafuente Javier , Cantero Domingo , Gabriel David 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDFeedforward control was implemented at laboratory scale in an aerobic and an anoxic biotrickling filter (BTF) operating under fluctuating H2S loading rate (LR) conditions in order to show the capabilities and added value of this control strategy. Dynamic, long‐term tests with variable H2S LR were performed to simulate disturbances in the inlet gas concentration with and without the implementation of a feedforward control loop based on trickling liquid velocity (TLV) and nitrate feeding rate manipulation for the aerobic and anoxic BTFs, respectively.RESULTSAn average LR of 80 g S‐H2S m–3 h–1 with peaks and valleys of 141 and 28 gS‐H2S m–3 h–1 were tested. At the highest H2S LR, a 68.4% and 62.6% reduction of maximum outlet H2S concentration, and 50.0% and 26.6% reduction of H2S cumulative mass emitted were reached in the aerobic and anoxic BTFs, respectively, thanks to the application of feedforward control strategies. The sulfate selectivity in the aerobic BTF was enhanced up to 100.6 ± 5.0% under controlled conditions. In the anoxic BTF the sulfate selectivity was kept constant at 32.8% ± 0.8%.CONCLUSIONDespite demonstrating that the feedforward controller significantly reduced the impact of disturbances, the utilization of TLV as manipulated variable in the aerobic reactor showed performance problems. However, the feedforward control through nitrate addition was shown to be an adequate, robust strategy for reducing the impact of load perturbation in anoxic BTFs. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Physiological significance of gravity receptors on larval cephalic cuticle in the silk moth, Antheraea proylei Jolly
Authors: Dey Sudip , Choudhury S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe lateral aspects of larval cephalic cuticle of oak tasar moth, Antheraea proylei, a hybrid between Antheraea pernyi and Antheraea roylei exhibited the presence of gravity receptors in the form of dorsal campaniform sensilla. The distribution pattern and number of dome shaped dorsal campaniform sensilla were found to vary in different larval stages. In the first and second larval stages, 4‐5 sensilla were localized near the apex of the lateral aspects of the cephalic cuticle on either side of the head. From the third larval stage onwards, on the other hand, both the right and left lateral aspects of the cephalic cuticle were covered with innumerable dome shaped dorsal campaniform sensilla. The sensilla were found to be arranged in groups of 3 to 5 on the cephalic cuticle with dome‐free cuticular portion of about 50–100 µm in length between two adjacent groups of the sensilla. The individual dome shaped dorsal campaniform sensillum was either smooth surfaced or was covered with smaller domes through out the surface. The significance of differences in the number and distribution pattern of the dorsal campaniform sensilla among different larval stages in relation to gravity reception and preferred feeding posture are discussed in the light of available literature.
Histological, histochemical, and ultrastructural investigation of the male copulatory apparatus of Haminoea navicula (Gastropoda, Cephalaspidea)
Authors: Lobo‐da‐Cunha Alexandre , Alves Ângela , Oliveira Elsa , Malaquias Manuel António E. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDue to its biological and systematic importance, the morphology and function of the male copulatory apparatus of Haminoea navicula, a Cephalaspidea gastropod mollusk, was investigated by light and electron microscopy. These systems are poorly understood in haminoids, but are often used in the taxonomy of the genus. In H. navicula, the male copulatory apparatus comprises the penis within a penial sheath, a seminal duct and the prostate with two lobes. The penis is a muscular structure with a tip covered by spikes formed by muscular cells. The penial sheath consists of muscular tissue folds lined by an epithelium. Below this epithelium, polysaccharide‐secreting cells and pigment cells were observed. A large number of vacuolar cells were found below the ciliated epithelium of the seminal duct. The proximal lobe of the prostate was formed by tubules that could be divided in basal, middle and apical zones, containing cells that secrete polysaccharides and proteins. The tubules of the prostate distal lobe contained a single type of secretory cells with vesicles that were stained by histochemical techniques for detection of polysaccharides and proteins. Ciliated cells were present along the tubules in both lobes of the prostate. This study revealed a complex prostate with five types of secretory cells, which secrete substances that should be involved in the maintenance and eventually also in the maturation of spermatozoa. A comparison with previous publications, shows that the male copulatory apparatus can differ substantially among cephalaspideans, even between H. navicula and non‐European species attributed to this genus.
Sexual harassment training effectiveness: An interdisciplinary review and call for research
Authors: Roehling Mark V. , Huang Jason 
Published: January 2018

SummaryAlthough sexual harassment (SH) training is widespread, has many important consequences for individuals and organizations, and is of demonstrated interest to researchers across a wide range of disciplines, there has never been a comprehensive, interdisciplinary attempt to identify and systematically evaluate relevant research findings. This article addresses that need in the literature. It discusses the legal context of SH training and its relevance to research issues, provides an organizing framework for understanding the primary factors influencing SH training effectiveness, critically reviews empirical research providing evidence of the effectiveness of SH training, and sets forth a research agenda.
Nutrition Delivery and Growth Outcomes in Infants With Gastroschisis
Authors: Hong Charles R. , Zurakowski David , Fullerton Brenna S. , Ariagno Katelyn , Jaksic Tom , Mehta Nilesh M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to describe nutrient intake and growth in infants with gastroschisis and identify factors associated with impaired growth.MethodsRetrospective study of neonates who underwent gastroschisis repair from 2010 to 2015. Nutrient intake and weight‐for‐age z scores (WAZ) were recorded.ResultsData from 60 eligible infants with median (Q1, Q3) gestational age of 36 weeks (35, 37) and birth weight 2418 g (2098, 2665) were analyzed. Median WAZ decreased from −0.71 (−1.08, −0.17) at birth to −1.08 (−1.58, −0.63) at discharge (P < .001); 30% experienced a >1.0 decline in WAZ. Parenteral nutrition (PN) was initiated soon after birth, and 14 (23%) patients had severe intestinal failure. Fourteen patients (23%) experienced central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) at a rate of 5.0 per 1000 catheter days. Factors independently associated with lower discharge WAZ and greater WAZ decline were CLABSI (P = .02) and prematurity (P = .02). By day 7, energy and protein intake were 90–100 kcal/kg/day and 3 g/kg/day, respectively. Median age to achieve enteral autonomy was 36 days (22, 82). Atresias, CLABSI, prematurity, and staged closure were associated with delayed enteral autonomy (P < .01). Among 34 patients with 1‐year follow‐up, WAZ improved from −1.16 (−1.74, −0.65) at discharge to 0.19 (−0.80, 0.61) at 12 months (P < .001).ConclusionInfants with gastroschisis are dependent on PN and have a significant decline in WAZ during their hospital stay, predicted by prematurity and CLABSI. Efforts to prevent CLABSI and optimize enteral autonomy must be prioritized in this cohort.
Soluble Mediators From Lactobacillus rhamnosus Gorbach‐Goldin Support Intestinal Barrier Function in Rats After Massive Small‐Bowel Resection
Authors: Wu Jiang , Yang Kefeng , Wu Wenjie , Tang Qingya , Zhong Yan , Gross Gabriele , Lambers Tim T. , van Tol Eric A. F. , Cai Wei 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundIntestinal barrier plays an essential role in maintaining gastrointestinal health. This study aimed to explore the effects of a soluble mediator preparation derived from Lactobacillus rhamnosus Gorbach‐Goldin (LGG) on intestinal barrier function in a rat model of short bowel syndrome (SBS).MethodsSix‐week‐old male Sprague‐Dawley rats underwent 80% small‐bowel resection (SBR) and then were supplemented with water (SBS), 5 × 108 colony‐forming unit viable LGG (SBS+LGG), or the LGG soluble mediators (SBS+LSM) in an equivalent dose to LGG by intragastric gavage daily from day 2 throughout day 14 after operation. Rats that underwent bowel transection and reanastomosis were used as the sham group. Body weight, ileum histology, intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation, inflammatory cytokines, and tight junction protein expressions of ileum were evaluated.ResultsAnimals undergoing SBR showed higher intestinal permeability and decreased expression of tight junction proteins in the ileum than sham group. Both SBS+LGG and SBS+LSM groups had reduced bacterial translocation and intestinal permeability as compared with the SBS group, with lower levels of serum endotoxin and tumor necrotizing factor alpha in ileum tissues. Moreover, the SBS+LSM group showed better body weight gain, lower endotoxin and FD‐40 levels, and higher expressions of claudin‐1 and claudin‐4 in ileum than the SBS+LGG group.ConclusionEnteral supplementation of LSMs or viable LGG can ameliorate intestinal barrier disruption in a rat model of SBS. The LSM preparation not only mimicked biological effects of viable LGG but also was revealed to be more effective in reducing inflammation and supporting intestinal barrier function.
Magnetic dispersive solid‐phase extraction based on graphene oxide/Fe3O4@polythionine nanocomposite followed by atomic absorption spectrometry for zinc monitoring in water, flour, celery and egg
Authors: Babaei Azar , Zeeb Mohsen , Es‐haghi Ali 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDMagnetic graphene oxide nanocomposite has been proposed as a promising and sustainable sorbent for the extraction and separation of target analytes from food matrices. Sample preparation based on nanocomposite presents several advantages, such as desired efficiency, reasonable selectivity and high surface‐area‐to‐volume ratio.RESULTSA new graphene oxide/Fe3O4@polythionine (GO/Fe3O4@PTh) nanocomposite sorbent was introduced for magnetic dispersive solid‐phase extraction and flame atomic absorption spectrometric detection of zinc(II) in water, flour, celery and egg. To fabricate the sorbent, an oxidative polymerization of thionine on the surface of magnetic GO was applied, while polythionine was simply employed as a surface modifier to improve extraction yield. The properties of the sorbent were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis, vibrating sample magnetometry and Fourier transform–infrared spectroscopy. The calibration curve showed linearity in the range of 0.5–30 ng mL−1. Limits of detection (S/N = 3) and quantification (S/N = 10) were 0.08 and 0.5 ng mL−1, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe method was applied for trace‐level determination of Zn(II) in water and food samples, and its validation was investigated by recovery experiments and analyzing certified reference material. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
American cranberries and health benefits – an evolving story of 25 years
Authors: Zhao Shaomin , Liu Haiyan , Gu Liwei 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCranberries contain various types of bioactive components. Scientists have been studying cranberries' beneficial effects on urinary tract health since the 20th century. In the 21st century, the protection provided by cranberry phytochemicals against cancer and vascular diseases has drawn more attention from researchers. Anthocyanins, procyanidins, and flavonols in cranberries were all documented to have potential effects on cancer prevention. The cardiometabolic effects of cranberries have been investigated in several clinical trials. It was found that cranberries positively affect atherosclerotic cholesterol profiles and that they reduced several cardiometabolic risk factors. Nowadays, growing evidence suggests other important roles of cranberries in maintaining digestive health. Cranberry juice or cranberries have been shown to inhibit the colonization of H. pylori in stomach, and protect against intestinal inflammation. For future research, clinical trials with improved study design are urgently needed to demonstrate cranberries' benefits on urinary tract health and cardiometabolic diseases. Hypothesis‐driven studies using animals or cell culture are needed to elucidate the mechanisms of cranberries' effects on digestive health. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Validation of clinical prognostic scores for patients treated with curative‐intent for recurrent colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Dupré Aurélien , Rehman Adeeb , Jones Robert P. , Parker Alex , Diaz‐Nieto Rafael , Fenwick Stephen W. , Poston Graeme J. , Malik Hassan Z. 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundScoring systems were developed to stratify patients with colorectal liver metastases considered for liver resection into different risk groups. Such scores have never been evaluated in recurrent liver metastases. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether these scores are applicable to patients with recurrent colorectal liver metastases and treated with curative intent.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from 375 consecutive patients who underwent liver surgery for colorectal liver metastases between June 2010 and August 2015. Seventy‐three patients developed liver‐limited recurrence treated with curative intent. The predictive value of 6 scores (Fong, Sofocleous, Nagashima, Nordlinger, Konopke, and the Basingstoke index) was assessed in this set of patients.ResultsMedian follow‐up was 36.2 months. Overall survival and progression‐free survival were 33.6 and 5.6 months, respectively. When scores were applied for OS, none showed a significant stratification between patients, although Nagashima's score showed a significant difference in overall survival between patients from the low‐risk group and those from the intermediate‐ and high‐risk groups (40.8 vs 30.5 months, P = 0.039). For PFS, only Fong's score showed a statistically significant stratification (6.6 vs 4.7 months, P = 0.027).ConclusionScoring systems are of limited‐value in stratifying patients operated on for recurrent colorectal liver metastases.
Trends of genetic screening in patients with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: 15‐year experience in a high‐volume tertiary referral center
Authors: Asban Ammar , Kluijfhout Wouter P. , Drake Frederick T. , Beninato Toni , Wang Elizabeth , Chomsky‐Higgins Kate , Shen Wen T. , Gosnell Jessica E. , Suh Insoo , Duh Quan‐Yang 
Published: January 2018

Background and ObjectivesGenetic testing for pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma allows for early detection of hereditary syndromes and enables close follow‐up of high‐risk patient. We investigated the trends in genetic testing among patients at a high‐volume referral center and evaluated the prevalence of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas.MethodsWe reviewed the charts of 129 patients who underwent adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma between January 2000 and July 2015. To evaluate for trends in genetic testing, patients were divided by year of diagnosis: 2000‐2005 (group 1, n = 35), 2006‐2010 (group 2, n = 44), and 2011‐2015 (group 3, n = 50).ResultsAmong 129 patients the mean age was 47 years and 56% were women. Groups 2 and 3 were more frequently referred for genetic consultation than group 1, 73%, and 94% versus 26% (P < 0.001). A total of 67% followed up on the referral. The prevalence of genetic mutation was 50% (21/42 tested). The percentage with a genetic syndrome was 23%, 28%, and 22% respectively for groups 1, 2, and 3.ConclusionsReferral for genetic counseling significantly increased in the past 15 years. However, only two‐thirds of patients followed up with genetic counselors and, therefore, clinicians can do more to improve the adherence rate for genetic counseling.
Extraction and identification of matrine‐type alkaloids from Sophora moorcroftiana using double‐templated molecularly imprinted polymers with HPLC–MS/MS
Authors: Ma Xingbin , Lin Hongling , Zhang Jiyu , She Yongxin , Zhou Xuzheng , Li Xiaozhong , Cui Yan , Wang Jing , Rabah Tsdan , Shao Yong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDouble‐templated molecularly imprinted polymers with specific recognition of three matrine‐type alkaloids were prepared using matrine and oxymatrine as the template molecules. An approach based on double‐templated molecularly imprinted solid‐phase extraction coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry was then developed to extract and purify matrine, oxymatrine, and sophocarpine from Sophora moorcroftiana in the Tibetan plateau herbs. The polymers were characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Their adsorption characteristics were evaluated using adsorption kinetics, isotherms, selectivity, and recycling experiments. This polymer exhibited excellent molecular recognition ability and good selectivity. The obtained polymers as adsorbent was further used for the determination of three matrine‐type alkaloids coupled to high‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, the recoveries of three matrines spiked at three concentration levels in samples were 73.25–98.42% (n = 5) with a relative standard deviation less than 6.82%. The limits of detection for the method were 9.23–15.42 μg/kg (S/N = 3). This proposed method was assessed to be an effective method for simultaneous extraction, isolation, and identification of matrine, oxymatrine, and sophocarpine from Sophora moorcroftiana.
Flotation/ultrasound‐assisted microextraction followed by HPLC for determination of fat‐soluble vitamins in multivitamin pharmaceutical preparations
Authors: Shahdousti Parvin , Aghamohammadi Mohammad 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDissolved carbon dioxide flotation–emulsification microextraction technique coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography was developed for separation and determination of fat‐soluble vitamins (A, D3, E, and K3) in multivitamin pharmaceutical preparations. Dissolved carbon dioxide flotation was used to break up the emulsion of extraction solvent in water and to collect the extraction solvent on the surface of aqueous sample in narrowed capillary part of extraction cell. Carbon dioxide bubbles were generated in situ through the addition of 300 μL of concentrated hydrochloric acid into the alkaline sample solution at pH = 11.5 (1% w/v sodium carbonate), which was sonicated to intensify the carbon dioxide bubble generation. Several factors affecting the extraction process were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the limits of detection were 0.11, 0.47, 0.20 and 0.35 μg/L for A, E, D3, and K3 vitamins in water samples, respectively. The inter‐day and intra‐day precision of the proposed method were evaluated in terms of the relative standard deviation and were <10.5%.
A convenient ultrasound‐assisted saponification for the simultaneous determination of vitamin E isomers in vegetable oil by HPLC with fluorescence detection
Authors: Yang Yi , Lu Dan , Yin Shuo , Yang Danni , Chen Yaling , Li Yongxin , Sun Chengjun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAn efficient ultrasound‐assisted saponification was developed for simultaneous determination of vitamin E isomers in vegetable oil by high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The samples were saponified ultrasonically with potassium hydroxide solution for only 7 min, then the analytes were extracted with ether. Vitamin E isomers were separated on a C18 column at 25°C with a mobile phase of methanol/acetonitrile (81:19, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. Fluorescence detection was operated at 290 nm of excitation wavelength and 327 nm of emission wavelength. Under the optimized conditions, good linearities over the range of 0.001–8.00 μg/mL (r > 0.999) were obtained. Mean recoveries of the method were 88.0–106%, with intra‐ and interday RSDs less than 11.8 and 12.8%, respectively. The detection limits and quantification limits of the method were 0.30–1.8 and 1.0–6.1 μg/kg, respectively. The recoveries of this method were much higher than that of the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method and direct dilution method, but were similar to those of hot saponification. This proposed method provides reliable, simple, and rapid quantification of vitamin E isomers in vegetable oils. Five kinds of vegetable oils were analyzed, the quantification results were within the ranges reported by other authors.
Ethical issues in pragmatic trials of “standard‐of‐care” interventions in learning health care systems
Authors: Kim Scott Y.H. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionLearning health care systems (LHS) hold the promise of improving medical care by systematically and continuously integrating the delivery of medical services with clinical research. One important type of integration would involve embedding trials that compare interventions that are already commonly in use (as “accepted” or “standard of care”) into the clinical setting—trials that could cost‐effectively improve care. But the traditional requirement of informed consent for clinical trials stands in tension with the conduct of such trials.MethodNarrative analysis.ResultsAlthough some have suggested that the idea of LHS makes the distinction between research and ordinary clinical care obsolete, the distinction remains ethically relevant even when it comes to randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that compare standard‐of‐care interventions. This paper presents an ethical framework for analyzing standard‐of‐care RCTs in resolving the tension between such trials and traditional requirements of research ethics.ConclusionIt is important not to treat all standard‐of‐care RCTs as a monolithic category of special ethical status. Close attention to ethical issues in specific standard‐of‐care RCTs is crucial if the LHS movement is to avoid ethical lapses that could be counterproductive to its long term vision.