bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flame‐retardant rigid polyurethane foam with a phosphorus‐nitrogen single intumescent flame retardant
Authors: Wang Chao , Wu Yicheng , Li Yingchun , Shao Qian , Yan Xingru , Han Cui , Wang Zhe , Liu Zhen , Guo Zhanhu 
Published: July 2017

A phosphorous‐nitrogen intumescent flame‐retardant, 2,2‐diethyl‐1,3‐propanediol phosphoryl melamine (DPPM), was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. Flame‐retardant rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) with DPPM (DPPM‐RPUF) as fire‐retardant additive were prepared. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and mechanical performance testing showed that DPPM exhibited a favorable compatibility with RPUF and negligibly negative influence on the mechanical properties of RPUF. The flame retardancy of DPPM on RPUF was investigated by the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test and cone calorimeter. The LOI of DPPM‐RPUF could reach 29.5%, and a UL‐94 V‐0 rating was achieved, when the content of DPPM was 25 php. Furthermore, the DPPM‐RPUF exhibited an outstanding water resistance that it could still obtain a V‐0 rating after water soaking. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the residual weight of RPUF was relatively low, while the charring ability of DPPM‐RPUF was improved greatly. Real‐time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was employed to study the thermo‐oxidative degradation reactions of DPPM‐RPUF. The results revealed that the flame‐retardancy mechanism of DPPM in RPUF was based on the surface charred layer acting as a physical barrier, which slowed down the decomposition of RPUF and prevented the heat and mass transfer between the gas and the condensed phases.
Hepatocellular carcinoma‐associated single‐nucleotide variants and deletions identified by the use of genome‐wide high‐throughput analysis of hepatitis B virus
Authors: Liu Wen‐Chun , Wu I‐Chin , Lee Yen‐Chien , Lin Chih‐Peng , Cheng Ji‐Hong , Lin Yih‐Jyh , Yen Chia‐Jui , Cheng Pin‐Nan , Li Pei‐Fu , Cheng Yi‐Ting , Cheng Pei‐Wen , Sun Koun‐Tem , Yan Shu‐Ling , Lin Jia‐Jhen , Yang Jui‐Chu , Chang Kung‐Chao , Ho Cheng‐Hsun , Tseng Vincent S , Chang Bill Chia‐Han , Wu Jaw‐Ching , Chang Ting‐Tsung 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis study investigated hepatitis B virus (HBV) single‐nucleotide variants (SNVs) and deletion mutations linked with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Ninety‐three HCC patients and 108 non‐HCC patients were enrolled for HBV genome‐wide next‐generation sequencing (NGS) analysis. A systematic literature review and a meta‐analysis were performed to validate NGS‐defined HCC‐associated SNVs and deletions. The experimental results identified 60 NGS‐defined HCC‐associated SNVs, including 41 novel SNVs, and their pathogenic frequencies. Each SNV was specific for either genotype B (n = 24) or genotype C (n = 34), except for nt53C, which was present in both genotypes. The pathogenic frequencies of these HCC‐associated SNVs showed a distinct U‐shaped distribution pattern. According to the meta‐analysis and literature review, 167 HBV variants from 109 publications were categorized into four levels (A–D) of supporting evidence that they are associated with HCC. The proportion of NGS‐defined HCC‐associated SNVs among these HBV variants declined significantly from 75% of 12 HCC‐associated variants by meta‐analysis (Level A) to 0% of 10 HCC‐unassociated variants by meta‐analysis (Level D) (P < 0.0001). PreS deletions were significantly associated with HCC, in terms of deletion index, for both genotypes B (P = 0.030) and C (P = 0.049). For genotype C, preS deletions involving a specific fragment (nt2977–3013) were significantly associated with HCC (HCC versus non‐HCC, 6/34 versus 0/32, P = 0.025). Meta‐analysis of preS deletions showed significant association with HCC (summary odds ratio 3.0; 95% confidence interval 2.3–3.9). Transfection of Huh7 cells showed that all of the five novel NGS‐defined HCC‐associated SNVs in the small surface region influenced hepatocarcinogenesis pathways, including endoplasmic reticulum‐stress and DNA repair systems, as shown by microarray, real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Their carcinogenic mechanisms are worthy of further research. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal management of fetal intrapericardial teratoma: a systematic review
Authors: Nassr Ahmed A. , Shazly Sherif A. , Morris Shaine A. , Ayres Nancy , Espinoza Jimmy , Erfani Hadi , Olutoye Olutoyin A. , Sexson Sara K. , Olutoye Oluyinka O. , Fraser Charles D. , Belfort Michael A. , Shamshirsaz Alireza A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this systematic review is to provide a comprehensive overview on the clinical course, perinatal outcome, and effectiveness of prenatal management options for pericardial teratoma.MethodsA comprehensive search including Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, and Scopus was conducted from inception to September 2016. All studies that reported the prenatal course of pericardial teratoma in singleton or twin gestations were considered eligible. Standardized forms were used for data abstraction by two independent reviewers.ResultsOut of 217 screened abstracts, 59 studies reporting 67 fetuses with pericardial teratoma were included. Twenty‐three singleton fetuses and 3 fetuses in twin gestations underwent prenatal treatment, and 20 (76.9%) of them were hydropic at the time of intervention. Of those, 15/20 (75%) had a favorable outcome. In the non‐intervention group (n = 41), 26 (63.4%) developed hydrops, and out of those, 8 (30.8%) had a favorable outcome.ConclusionPrenatal fluid drainage and other prenatal techniques have been utilized in the treatment of intrapericardial teratoma. While most fetuses tolerated pericardiocentesis, the neonatal benefit of this procedure is still uncertain, and outcomes of other interventions had variable success. Prenatal intervention for pericardial teratoma may be an option in specialized units but, given the maternal and fetal risks, needs careful consideration. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aortic isthmus shunt dynamics in normal and complicated monochorionic pregnancies
Authors: Seravalli Viola , Block‐Abraham Dana , McShane Cyrethia , Millard Sarah , Baschat Ahmet , Miller Jena 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo study fetal aortic isthmus (AoI) shunt dynamics in monochorionic (MC) twins.MethodsNormal and complicated MC pregnancies were prospectively enrolled. The relationship of isthmus flow index (IFI) with Doppler parameters of umbilical artery (UA), descending aorta, middle cerebral artery, and ductus venosus and with left and right ventricular cardiac output and stroke volume was studied.ResultsThe IFI was obtained in 180 examinations from 48 pregnancies (24 twin–twin transfusion syndrome, TTTS; 4 selective intrauterine growth restriction, sIUGR; 12 TTTS + sIUGR; and 8 uncomplicated). Median gestational age was 20.9 weeks. AoI diastolic flow was reversed in three cases. UA pulsatility index (PI) and ductus venosus‐PI z‐scores were negatively correlated with the IFI (rs −0.40 and −0.26, respectively, p < 0.001). Regression analysis identified only UA‐PI as a determinant of the IFI (p < 0.001). The IFI was significantly correlated with left ventricular cardiac output and stroke volume. It did not differ between TTTS donors and recipients. sIUGR fetuses had significantly lower IFI compared with normal‐grown counterparts (p < 0.001).ConclusionIn MC gestations, AoI shunting is predominantly determined by placental flow resistance, while cerebral impedance and volume status have no impact. In MC twins, the relationship between AoI flow and outcome deserves further study in the setting of sIUGR. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MCDA swing weighting and discrete choice experiments for elicitation of patient benefit‐risk preferences: a critical assessment
Authors: Tervonen Tommi , Gelhorn Heather , Sri Bhashyam Sumitra , Poon Jiat‐Ling , Gries Katharine S. , Rentz Anne , Marsh Kevin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPurposeMultiple criteria decision analysis swing weighting (SW) and discrete choice experiments (DCE) are appropriate methods for capturing patient preferences on treatment benefit‐risk trade‐offs. This paper presents a qualitative comparison of the 2 methods.MethodsWe review and critically assess similarities and differences of SW and DCE based on 6 aspects: comprehension by study participants, cognitive biases, sample representativeness, ability to capture heterogeneity in preferences, reliability and validity, and robustness of the results.ResultsThe SW choice task can be more difficult, but the workshop context in which SW is conducted may provide more support to patients who are unfamiliar with the end points being evaluated or who have cognitive impairments. Both methods are similarly prone to a number of biases associated with preference elicitation, and DCE is prone to simplifying heuristics, which limits its application with large number of attributes. The low cost per patient of the DCE means that it can be better at achieving a representative sample, though SW does not require such large sample sizes due to exact nature of the collected preference data. This also means that internal validity is automatically enforced with SW, while the internal validity of DCE results needs to be assessed manually.ConclusionsChoice between the 2 methods depends on characteristics of the benefit‐risk assessment, especially on how difficult the trade‐offs are for the patients to make and how many patients are available. Although there exist some empirical studies on many of the evaluation aspects, critical evidence gaps remain.
Polymers as drugs—Advances in therapeutic applications of polymer binding agents
Authors: Connor Eric F. , Lees Inez , Maclean Derek 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTPolymer drugs are those in which a polymer agent has a direct therapeutic effect on the body. A major investigated area of polymer drugs is their use as binding agents, or sequestrants, which can neutralize or remove undesired components from the body. By taking advantage of the unique properties of crosslinked, insoluble polymers, new polymer drugs continue to be developed for oral use, acting in the gastrointestinal tract and excreted in the feces. Soluble polymer binders may be administered by a variety of routes and act at diverse sites of therapeutic action. This article reviews the properties of polymer drugs, particularly sequestrants, with an emphasis on recent advances in polymer properties which may enhance the utility of this class of drugs. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 3146–3157
Managing fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), with Bt maize and insecticides in southern Brazil
Authors: Burtet Leonardo M , Bernardi Oderlei , Melo Adriano A , Pes Maiquel P , Strahl Thiago T , Guedes Jerson VC 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDMaize plants expressing insecticidal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis are valuable options for managing fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, in Brazil. However, control failures were reported, and therefore insecticides have been used to control this species. Based on these, we evaluated the use of Bt maize and its integration with insecticides against FAW in southern Brazil.RESULTSEarly‐planted Agrisure TL, Herculex, Optimum Intrasect and non‐Bt maize plants were severely damaged by FAW and required up to three insecticidal sprays. In contrast, YieldGard VT Pro, YieldGard VT Pro 3, PowerCore, Agrisure Viptera and Agrisure Viptera 3 showed little damage and did not require insecticides. Late‐planted Bt maize plants showed significant damage by FAW and required up to four sprays, with the exceptions of Agrisure Viptera and Agrisure Viptera 3. Exalt (first and second sprays); Lannate + Premio (first spray) and Avatar (second spray); and Karate + Match (first spray) and Ampligo (second spray) were the most effective insecticides against FAW larvae in Bt and non‐Bt maize.CONCLUSIONMaize plants expressing Cry proteins exhibited FAW control failures in southern Brazil, necessitating insecticidal sprays. In contrast, Bt maize containing the Vip3Aa20 protein remained effective against FAW. However, regardless of the insecticide used against FAW surviving on Bt maize, grain yields were similar. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
High‐resolution mass spectrometric analysis of myo‐inositol hexakisphosphate using electrospray ionisation Orbitrap
Authors: McIntyre Catherine A. , Arthur Christopher J. , Evershed Richard P. 
Published: July 2017

RationaleThe phosphorus storage compound in grains, phytic acid, or myo‐inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6), is important for nutrition and human health, and is reportedly the most abundant organic phosphorus compound in soils. Methods for its determination have traditionally relied on complexation with iron and precipitation, acid digestion and measurement of phosphate concentration, or 31P NMR spectroscopy. Direct determination of phytic acid (and its homologues) using mass spectrometry has, as yet, found limited application to environmental or other complex matrices. The behaviour of phytic acid in electrospray ionisation high‐resolution mass spectrometry (ESI‐HRMS) and its fragmentation, both in‐source and via collision‐induced dissociation, have not been studied so far.MethodsThe negative ion mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) of IP6, and the lower inositol pentakisphosphate (IP5), using an ESI‐Orbitrap mass spectrometer is described. The purity of the compounds was investigated using anion‐exchange chromatography.ResultsIP6 is highly anionic, forming multiply charged ions and sodium adduct ions, which readily undergo dissociation in the ESI source. MS/MS analysis of the phytic acid [M−2H]2− ion and fragment ions and comparison with the full MS of the IP5 reference standard, and the MS/MS spectrum of the pentakisphosphate [M−2H]2− ion, confirm the fragmentation pattern of inositol phosphates in ESI. Further evidence for dissociation in the ion source is shown by the effect of increasing the source voltage on the mass spectrum of phytic acid.ConclusionsThe ESI‐HRMS of inositol phosphates is unusual and highly characteristic. The study of the full mass spectrum of IP6 in ESI‐HRMS mode indicates the detection of the compound in environmental matrices using this technique is preferable to the use of multiple reaction monitoring (MRM).
Determination of uranium isotope ratios using a liquid sampling atmospheric pressure glow discharge/Orbitrap mass spectrometer system
Authors: Hoegg Edward D. , Marcus R. Kenneth , Koppenaal David W. , Irvahn Jan , Hager George J. , Hart Garret L. 
Published: July 2017

RationaleThe field of highly accurate and precise isotope ratio analysis, for use in nonproliferation, has been dominated by thermal ionization and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. While these techniques are considered the gold standard for isotope ratio analysis, a downsized instrument capable of accurately and precisely measuring uranium (U) isotope ratios is desirable for field studies or in laboratories with limited infrastructure.MethodsThe developed system interfaces the liquid sampling, an atmospheric pressure glow discharge (LS‐APGD) ion source, with a high‐resolution Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometer. With this experimental setup certified U isotope standards and unknown samples were analyzed. The accuracy and precision of the system were then determined.ResultsThe LS‐APGD/Exactive instrument measured a certified reference material of natural U (235U/238U = 0.007261) with a 235U/238U ratio of 0.007065 and a % relative standard uncertainty of 0.082, meeting the International Target Values for the destructive analysis of U. In addition, when three unknowns were measured and these measurements were compared with the results from an ICP multi‐collector instrument, there were no statistical differences between the two instruments.ConclusionsThe LS‐APGD/Orbitrap system, while still in the preliminary stages of development, offers highly accurate and precise isotope ratio results that suggest a potential paradigm shift in the world of isotope ratio analysis. Furthermore, the portability of the LS‐APGD as an elemental ion source, combined with the small size and smaller operating demands of the Orbitrap, suggests that the instrumentation is capable of being field‐deployable.
Classroom Talk as Writing Instruction for Learning to Make Writing Moves in Literary Arguments
Authors: VanDerHeide Jennifer 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAlthough teaching argumentative writing in schools is often about teaching argumentative forms, this instructional approach limits students’ flexibility and choice as writers, readers, and meaning makers. An alternative method, rooted in tenets of genre theory, offers a different approach. Rather than treating argument as a static form, genre theory assumes that genres (including argumentative genres) are situated, typified ways that people make moves through writing to accomplish goals through language. Taking a genre theory and sociocultural, discourse lens, this article explores how a teacher in an Advanced Placement Literature course approached the teaching of argumentative writing. Through a moves analysis of focal student essays and a discourse analysis of classroom talk, the study asks two questions: (1) How does the teacher, through classroom talk, support students in making moves of literary argument? (2) How do students make these moves in speaking and writing? Findings identify argumentative moves and submoves that students made in their argumentative essays. The teacher supported students’ learning by explicitly pointing to these moves in model essays, posing questions that prompted students to make the same moves in classroom talk, and revoicing student responses in more disciplinary ways. Through small‐ and large‐group discussions, students learned to make moves that they later made in essays. In identifying classroom talk moves that serve argumentative writing instruction in literary studies, these findings have implications for classroom‐based argument writing instruction, for literacy teacher preparation and professional development, and for future research on approaches to teaching literature and writing.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin 3 (NT3) levels in post-mortem brain tissue from patients with depression compared to healthy individuals – a proof of concept study
Authors: Sheldrick A. , Camara S. , Ilieva M. , Riederer P. , Michel T.M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe neurotrophic factors (NTF) hypothesis of depression was postulated nearly a decade ago and is nowadays widely acknowledged. Previous reports suggest that cerebral concentrations of NTF may be reduced in suicide victims who received minimal or no antidepressant pharmacotherapy. Recent evidence suggests that antidepressant treatment may improve or normalise cerebral concentrations of neurotrophic factors. Therefore, we examined the concentration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin 3 (NT3) in different brain regions (cortex, cingulate gyrus, thalamus, hippocampus, putamen and nucleus caudatus) of 21 individuals – 7 patients of which 4 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and overall age 86.8 ± 5 years who received antidepressant pharmacotherapy (selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors [SSRI]; tricyclic antidepressants [TCA]), 3 patients with MDD without antidepressant treatment and overall age 84.3 ± 5 years versus 14 unaffected subjects at age 70.3 ± 13.8. We detected significant elevation of BDNF (parietal cortex) and NT3 (parietal, temporal and occipital cortex, cingulate gyrus, thalamus, putamen and nucleus caudatus regions) in MDD patients who received antidepressant medication compared to MDD untreated patients and controls. Moreover, we detected a significant decrease of NT3 levels in the parietal cortex of patients suffering from MDD non-treated patients without treatment compared to healthy individuals. Although the limited statistical power due to the small sample size in this proof of concept study corroborates data from previous studies, which show that treatment with antidepressants mediates alterations in neuroplasticity via the action of NTF. However, more research using post-mortem brain tissue with larger samples needs to be carried out as well as longitudinal studies to further verify these results.
‘The situation over there really bothers me’: Ronald Reagan and the Northern Ireland conflict
Authors: Cooper James 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe relationship between the Reagan administration and the Northern Ireland conflict is a neglected area of transatlantic history. This article addresses the extent of Ronald Reagan’s interest in the Northern Irish conflict and the manner in which other protagonists sought to secure or prevent his involvement. It will examine the president’s approach in the context of different views within his administration, the State Department’s wish to maintain American neutrality on the issue of Northern Ireland, and the desire of leading Irish-American politicians for the American government to be much more interventionist. These debates coincided with significant developments in Northern Ireland. Therefore, Reagan’s contribution to the Anglo–Irish process encapsulates a variety of issues: the Troubles in Northern Ireland during the 1980s, the 1985 Anglo–Irish Agreement and the internationalisation of the conflict before the election of President Bill Clinton in 1993.
Modeling adult emergence and fecundity of factitious hosts under different food sources supports massive egg production management
Authors: Tavares J. , Silva L. , Oliveira L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEphestia kuehniella(Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) andSitotroga cerealella(Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) are important factitious hosts used for production of biological control agents. Their differences in terms of biology and behavior require adjustments in their mass production, particularly when using corn or barley as food in grain or in bran. We modeled adult emergence, oviposition period and egg production along time after emergence, as a function of the food source. Significant differences between hosts or food type were found for these variables and for adult weight but not for sex ratio. Our results confirm the possibility of mass production of these hosts using corn or barley as food source. Integrating adult emergence patterns and age specific fecundity patterns into a single model, it is clear that rearingE. kuehniellaon barley would result in the highest egg output in much shorter time thanE. kuehniellaon corn orS. cerealellaon barley.