bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synaptic Inhibition in Avian Interaural Level Difference Sound Localizing Neurons
Authors: Curry Rebecca J. , Lu Yong 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSynaptic inhibition plays a fundamental role in the neural computation of the interaural level difference (ILD), an important cue for the localization of high-frequency sound. Here, we studied the inhibitory synaptic currents in the chicken posterior portion of the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (LLDp), the first binaural level difference encoder of the avian auditory pathway. Using whole-cell recordings in brain slices, we provide the first evidence confirming a monosynaptic inhibition driven by direct electrical and chemical stimulation of the contralateral LLDp, establishing the reciprocal inhibitory connection between the two LLDps, a long-standing assumption in the field. This inhibition was largely mediated by GABAAreceptors; however, functional glycine receptors were also identified. The reversal potential for the Cl−channels measured with gramicidin-perforated patch recordings was hyperpolarizing (−88 mV), corresponding to a low intracellular Cl−concentration (5.2 mm). Pharmacological manipulations of KCC2 (outwardly Cl−transporter) activity demonstrate that LLDp neurons can maintain a low intracellular Cl−concentration under a high Cl−load, allowing for the maintenance of hyperpolarizing inhibition. We further demonstrate that hyperpolarizing inhibition was more effective at regulating cellular excitability than depolarizing inhibition in LLDp neurons.
Compensatory Activation of Cannabinoid CB2 Receptor Inhibition of GABA Release in the Rostral Ventromedial Medulla in Inflammatory Pain
Authors: Li Ming-Hua , Suchland Katherine L. , Ingram Susan L. 
Published: December 2016

The rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) is a relay in the descending pain modulatory system and an important site of endocannabinoid modulation of pain. Endocannabinoids inhibit GABA release in the RVM, but it is not known whether this effect persists in chronic pain states. In the present studies, persistent inflammation induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) increased GABAergic miniature IPSCs (mIPSCs). Endocannabinoid activation of cannabinoid (CB1) receptors known to inhibit presynaptic GABA release was significantly reduced in the RVM of CFA-treated rats compared with naive rats. The reduction in CFA-treated rats correlated with decreased CB1 receptor protein expression and function in the RVM. Paradoxically, the nonselective CB1/CB2 receptor agonist WIN55212 inhibited GABAergic mIPSCs in both naive and CFA-treated rats. However, WIN55212 inhibition was reversed by the CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant in naive rats but not in CFA-treated rats. WIN55212-mediated inhibition in CFA-treated rats was blocked by the CB2 receptor-selective antagonist SR144528, indicating that CB2 receptor function in the RVM is increased during persistent inflammation. Consistent with these results, CB2 receptor agonists AM1241 and GW405833 inhibited GABAergic mIPSC frequency only in CFA-treated rats, and the inhibition was reversed with SR144528. When administered alone, SR144528 and another CB2 receptor-selective antagonist AM630 increased mIPSC frequency in the RVM of CFA-treated rats, indicating that CB2 receptors are tonically activated by endocannabinoids. Our data provide evidence that CB2 receptor function emerges in the RVM in persistent inflammation and that selective CB2 receptor agonists may be useful for treatment of persistent inflammatory pain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThese studies demonstrate that endocannabinoid signaling to CB1 and CB2 receptors in adult rostral ventromedial medulla is altered in persistent inflammation. The emergence of CB2 receptor function in the rostral ventromedial medulla provides additional rationale for the development of CB2 receptor-selective agonists as useful therapeutics for chronic inflammatory pain.
Disease Progression-Dependent Effects of TREM2 Deficiency in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Jay Taylor R. , Hirsch Anna M. , Broihier Margaret L. , Miller Crystal M. , Neilson Lee E. , Ransohoff Richard M. , Lamb Bruce T. , Landreth Gary E. 
Published: December 2016

Neuroinflammation is an important contributor to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, as underscored by the recent identification of immune-related genetic risk factors for AD, including coding variants in the geneTREM2(triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2). Understanding TREM2 function promises to provide important insights into how neuroinflammation contributes to AD pathology. However, studies so far have produced seemingly conflicting results, with reports that amyloid pathology can be both decreased and increased in TREM2-deficient AD mouse models. In this study, we unify these previous findings by demonstrating that TREM2 deficiency ameliorates amyloid pathology early, but exacerbates it late in disease progression in the APPPS1–21 mouse model of AD. We also demonstrate that TREM2 deficiency decreases plaque-associated myeloid cell accumulation by reducing cell proliferation, specifically late in pathology. In addition, TREM2 deficiency reduces myeloid cell internalization of amyloid throughout pathology, but decreases inflammation-related gene transcript levels selectively late in disease progression. Together, these results suggest that TREM2 plays distinct functional roles at different stages in AD pathology.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder and there are currently no effective treatments that modify disease progression. However, the recent identification of genetic risk factors for AD promises to provide new insight into AD biology and possible new therapeutic targets. Among these risk factors, variants in the geneTREM2(triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2) confer greatly elevated risk for developing the disease. We demonstrate that TREM2 deficiency has opposing effects on AD-related pathologies at early and late stages of disease progression, unifying previous work in the field. In addition, we examine how TREM2 affects the function of the brain immune cell populations in which it is expressed throughout disease progression to understand possible mechanisms underlying its differential impacts on pathology.
Differential Vulnerability of CA1 versus CA3 Pyramidal Neurons After Ischemia: Possible Relationship to Sources of Zn2+Accumulation and Its Entry into and Prolonged Effects on Mitochondria
Authors: Medvedeva Yuliya V. , Ji Sung G. , Yin Hong Z. , Weiss John H. 
Published: December 2016

Excitotoxic mechanisms contribute to the degeneration of hippocampal pyramidal neurons after recurrent seizures and brain ischemia. However, susceptibility differs, with CA1 neurons degenerating preferentially after global ischemia and CA3 neurons after limbic seizures. Whereas most studies address contributions of excitotoxic Ca2+entry, it is apparent that Zn2+also contributes, reflecting accumulation in neurons either after synaptic release and entry through postsynaptic channels or upon mobilization from intracellular Zn2+-binding proteins such as metallothionein-III (MT-III). Using mouse hippocampal slices to study acute oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)-triggered neurodegeneration, we found evidence for early contributions of excitotoxic Ca2+and Zn2+accumulation in both CA1 and CA3, as indicated by the ability of Zn2+chelators or Ca2+entry blockers to delay pyramidal neuronal death in both regions. However, using knock-out animals (of MT-III and vesicular Zn2+transporter, ZnT3) and channel blockers revealed substantial differences in relevant Zn2+sources, with critical contributions of presynaptic release and its permeation through Ca2+- (and Zn2+)-permeable AMPA channels in CA3 and Zn2+mobilization from MT-III predominating in CA1. To assess the consequences of the intracellular Zn2+accumulation, we used OGD exposures slightly shorter than those causing acute neuronal death; under these conditions, cytosolic Zn2+rises persisted for 10–30 min after OGD, followed by recovery over ∼40–60 min. Furthermore, the recovery appeared to be accompanied by mitochondrial Zn2+accumulation (via the mitochondrial Ca2+uniporter MCU) in CA1 but not in CA3 neurons and was markedly diminished in MT-III knock-outs, suggesting that it depended upon Zn2+mobilization from this protein.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe basis for the differential vulnerabilities of CA1 versus CA3 pyramidal neurons is unclear. The present study of events during and after acute oxygen glucose deprivation highlights a possible important difference, with rapid synaptic entry of Ca2+and Zn2+contributing more in CA3, but with delayed and long-lasting accumulation of Zn2+within mitochondria occurring in CA1 but not CA3 pyramidal neurons. These data may be consistent with observations of prominent mitochondrial dysfunction as a critical early event in the delayed degeneration of CA1 neurons after ischemia and support a hypothesis that mitochondrial Zn2+accumulation in the early reperfusion period may be a critical and targetable upstream event in the injury cascade.
Impaired liver regeneration in aged mice can be rescued by silencing Hippo core kinases MST1 and MST2
Authors: Loforese Giulio , Malinka Thomas , Keogh Adrian , Baier Felix , Simillion Cedric , Montani Matteo , Halazonetis Thanos D , Candinas Daniel , Stroka Deborah 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe liver has an intrinsic capacity to regenerate in response to injury or surgical resection. Nevertheless, circumstances in which hepatocytes are unresponsive to proliferative signals result in impaired regeneration and hepatic failure. As the Hippo pathway has a canonical role in the maintenance of liver size, we investigated whether it could serve as a therapeutic target to support regeneration. Using a standard two‐thirds partial hepatectomy (PH) model in young and aged mice, we demonstrate that the Hippo pathway is modulated across the phases of liver regeneration. The activity of the core kinases MST1 and LATS1 increased during the early hypertrophic phase and returned to steady state levels in the proliferative phase, coinciding with activation of YAP1 target genes and hepatocyte proliferation. Moreover, following PH in aged mice, we demonstrate that Hippo signaling is anomalous in non‐regenerating livers. We provide pre‐clinical evidence that silencing the Hippo core kinases MST1 and MST2 with siRNA provokes hepatocyte proliferation in quiescent livers and rescues liver regeneration in aged mice following PH. Our data suggest that targeting the Hippo core kinases MST1/2 has therapeutic potential to improve regeneration in non‐regenerative disorders.
Exploiting native forces to capture chromosome conformation in mammalian cell nuclei
Authors: Brant Lilija , Georgomanolis Theodore , Nikolic Milos , Brackley Chris A , Kolovos Petros , van Ijcken Wilfred , Grosveld Frank G , Marenduzzo Davide , Papantonis Argyris 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMammalian interphase chromosomes fold into a multitude of loops to fit the confines of cell nuclei, and looping is tightly linked to regulated function. Chromosome conformation capture (3C) technology has significantly advanced our understanding of this structure‐to‐function relationship. However, all 3C‐based methods rely on chemical cross‐linking to stabilize spatial interactions. This step remains a “black box” as regards the biases it may introduce, and some discrepancies between microscopy and 3C studies have now been reported. To address these concerns, we developed “i3C”, a novel approach for capturing spatial interactions without a need for cross‐linking. We apply i3C to intact nuclei of living cells and exploit native forces that stabilize chromatin folding. Using different cell types and loci, computational modeling, and a methylation‐based orthogonal validation method, “TALE‐iD”, we show that native interactions resemble cross‐linked ones, but display improved signal‐to‐noise ratios and are more focal on regulatory elements and CTCF sites, while strictly abiding to topologically associating domain restrictions.
Kajian Yuridis terhadap Kedudukan Dana Asuransi dari Sudut Pandang Perjanjian Perkawinan.
Authors: Permana Sugiri 
Published: December 2016

The Judicial Assessment of the Insurance Fund Status in the Perspective of Marriage Covenant. Ideally, if a legal case comes from the same sources of law, the solution must also be the same although examined by different courts. This case happened on the assessment of the insurance fund. In one hand, the religious courts assessed the insurance fund as heritage while the public court considered the insurance fund as absolute rights of individuals. This article examines the legal differences using treaty law approach. To enrich this analysis, the author presents several court decisions concerning the insurance fund.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v16i2.4448
Kesehatan dan Perobatan dalam Tradisi Islam: Kajian Kitab Shahih Al-Bukhârî.
Authors: Nurhayati Nurhayati 
Published: December 2016

Health and Medicine Treatment in Islamic Tradition: a Study on Sahîh al-Bukhârî. The main objective of medical treatment in Islam is to maintain health rather than curing the disease. This article specifically discusses the views of Imam Bukhari on health coverage and medicine treatment in Islam as stated in his book, Sahih al- Bukhari. Sahih al-Bukhari is one of the most important and authentic collection books of Hadith. The description of health and medicine in Saheeh al-Bukhari discussed in the chapter of al-Tibb. The Hadiths collected in the book are more associated with the prevention treatment (preventive medicine) rather than the healing treatment (therapeutic medicine).DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v16i2.4452
Kecenderungan Masyarakat Memilih Lembaga Penyelesaian Sengketa Ekonomi Syariah.
Authors: Nurhasanah Nurhasanah , Nasution Hotnidah 
Published: December 2016

The People’s Choice in The Completion of Sharia Economic Dispute. Background research is the fact that lack of sharia economic cases filed and decided by the institution of litigation and non-litigation. This research is exploratory research that uses a qualitative approach to explore facts sharia law in an economic context. Data in the form of a questionnaire/questionnaire is processed only to describe the percentage of sharia economic community propensity choose dispute resolution institutions. This description is preliminary data that drove researchers to explore the points required questions in the interview. Mismatch between quantitative data processed by the facts on the ground shows that people choose a wide selection of sharia economy in resolving disputes.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v16i2.4457
INFLUENCE OF WASTE DUMP “CHROBRÓW” IN POLAND ON GROUND - AND SURFACE WATER
Authors: Gontaszewska Agnieszka , Krainski Andrezej 
Published: December 2016

In paper an influence of waste dump “Chrobrów” on groundwater and tributary of the Bóbr river was described. This waste dump was installed in former gravel excavation. For first 10 years it had no leak stopper and sewage water could freely infiltrate. Geological structure of the waste dump subsoil is unfavourable because garbage are directly stored on gravels with high filtration coefficient which make migration of pollutants easy. At the moment the waste dump has a leak stopper made from bentonite composite but there are still polluted groundsunderneath. In this paper was analyzed data about ground- and surface water quality from years 1994 – 2004. It was found that the quality of groundwater deteriorated, especially in years 1999 and 2002. The most worsening was noted in case of chlorides, ammonia nitrogen, sodium and potassium. Unfortunately there is no data before 1994 so there is no information about hydrogeochemical background. Increased values of all groundwater components infirst period of investigation are results of exploitation in years 1984 – 1994, when waste dump had no leak stopper.But later deterioration of groundwater quality can not be explained in this way. It should be drawn a conclusion that the seal of waste dump bottom does not work correctly. It was found that there is no negative impact of waste dump on surface water what is caused by absence of hydraulic contact between river and groundwater on investigated area.
Enhancing Students' Reaction Writing via Short Stories: A Pedagogical Perspective
Authors: Omar Ainon , Marini Mohd. Ghazali Ezatul 
Published: December 2016

Studies have shown that literary texts such as short stories have been able to develop students’ interpretative skills as well as provide opportunities for students to enhance their critical thinking skills. This study aimed at investigating the use of short stories on enhancing students’ reaction writing. The purpose of the study was to look into a new method that can assist students in expressing their views and opinions about current issues. Thus, a study was conducted to investigate whether the use of short stories as an authentic material can assist students in enhancing their reaction writing. An experimental study was employed on a group of technical students. A pre-test was administered followed by treatment sessions and finally a post-test before a semi-structured interview was conducted on lecturers. The study gathered data on the lecturers’ perceptions towards the idea of incorporating literary texts in their English language lessons. The findings showed that the use of the short story had assisted students to generate ideas to write their reaction paper although a lot of guidance had to be given by the lecturer. The students as well as the lecturers were optimistic on the idea of incorporating literature in the English language course. However, the choice of literary texts needs to be carefully selected and also students’ interests and needs are taken into consideration in order for them to write their reaction paper.
Autonomous Learning for Proficiency Level İn Foreign Language Development of Graduate Students
Authors: Küçükler Halil 
Published: December 2016

Also called student-centred learning, autonomous learning is a multifaceted and self-motivated study skill that relates to a change in focus in the learning environment from the teacher to the student or from teaching to learning (Taylor 2000, p. 107). Its impact on linguistic competence has been investigated over time and the two have been found to be correlated. This survey was conducted in Balıkesir University in academic years of 2014-2015. The survey analyses graduate (Master of Arts) students’ foreign language learning styles and strategies to find out to what extent they are autonomous. The aim of the study is to investigate the impacts of graduate students’ proficiency attitudes on autonomous learning in foreign language learning. Two kinds of questionnaires were administered: the first one was learner autonomy survey questionnaire developed by Zhang and Li (2004), which was administered to investigate how autonomous the participants were in learning English as a foreign language. The second one was the perceptual learning style preference questionnaire (PLSPQ), developed by Reid (1987). The two questionnaires were administered to 600 graduate students enrolled in the Institutions of Social Sciences and the Institution of Health at Balıkesir University in the academic years of 2014-2015. Only 504 graduate students responded. Then it was announced that there would be two types of English YDS preparation courses for the participants enrolled at Balıkesir University, Institute of M.A programs. 30 participants applied to join the courses. The participants are assigned to two groups, as instructed and non-instructed on voluntary bases. The study involved the YDS test that measured the performance of the control and experimental groups to find out the differences. The study involved 15 sample YDS tests that were administered after every two weeks of instructions. Before the training commenced, there were some preliminaries that were being applied to determine the advancement in the level of proficiency and the level of trainees. The results indicate that the male graduate students from both groups performed better than the female learners. The results also reveal that the control group scored a mean of 38, 86 while the experimental group recorded 38, 06 in the first test. Throughout all tests, the experimental group only scores a few points less. The ultimate YDS (The formal Proficiency Exam) score was (control group= 48; experimental group =47), which is almost the same. There is no meaningful difference between the control and experimental group.
Electrochemical treatment of spent tan bath solution for reuse
Authors: Benhadji Amel , Taleb Ahmed Mourad , Djelal Hayet , Maachi Rachida 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
A spent tanning bath contains high concentration of salts, chromium and protein. The treatment system for removal of chlorides or chromium from this effluent is expensive. In this context this waste has to be reused. Our study focuses on the application of advanced oxidation processes for protein removal present in a tanning bath. To improve the quality of the chromium tanning bath, two electrochemical processes (electrooxidation and peroxi-electrocoagulation process, PEP) are investigated in a batch reactor. The effects of operational parameters such as reactor configuration, current density and electrolysis time on chemical oxygen demand (COD) and protein removal efficiency are examined. Results indicated that under the optimum operating range for process, the COD and protein removal efficiency reached 53 and 100%, respectively. The optimum values are determined for the hybrid process (PEP) under 0.13 A·cm−2 over 2 h. The treated tanning bath is used as a tanning solution in leather processing. The influence of chromium salt dose, pH solution, stirring time and contact time on the leather characteristic is evaluated. The hides tanned after the addition of 0.25% of commercial chromium salt, at pH solution, leaving them stirring for 4 h with a contact time of 2 days, and showed good hydrothermal stability and physical characteristics of leather.
Developing formative authentic assessment instruments based on learning trajectory for elementary school
Authors: Surya Anesa , Aman Aman 
Published: December 2016

This research aims to (1) develop research formative authentic assessment instruments based on learning trajectory that is eligible for the fourth grade students of elementary schools; and (2) develop formative authentic assessment instruments based on learning trajectory that is effective for the fourth grade students of elementary schools. This developmental study refers to the model developed by Borg Gall. The developmental design was grouped into four development procedures, consisting of: (a) Exploration, (b) development of the draft/prototype, (c) product testing and revisions, and (d) final validation. The experimental subjects are some pilot project elementary schools which used Curriculum 2013 in Ngawi Regency. The data were collected using interview guides, documentation, assessment sheets of the product instrument of authentic assessment, observation sheets of the students, achievement test, questionnaire responses of teachers and students. The data of the instrument reliability were analyzed in terms of item discrimination and item difficulty, and the agreement index was employed for the reliability of the instrument. The research finding reveals that the research instrument in terms of attitude assessment, assessment of knowledge and skills according to subject-matter experts and experts in evaluation is categorized as ‘very good’. The results of the item discrimination analysis show that nonnegative and item difficulties range from easy to hard. The formative authentic assessment instruments are categorized as ‘reliable’ by the agreement index of ≥ 0.75.