bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sorting of molecular shuttles by designing electrical and mechanical properties of microtubules
Authors: Isozaki Naoto , Shintaku Hirofumi , Kotera Hidetoshi , Hawkins Taviare L. , Ross Jennifer L. , Yokokawa Ryuji 
Published: February 2017

AbstractKinesin-driven microtubules have been a focus to serve as molecular shuttles to replace multiple on-chip functions in micro total analysis systems μTAS). Although transport, concentration, and detection of target molecules have been demonstrated, controllability of transport directions is still a major challenge. To define multiple moving directions for selective molecular transport, we integrated the bottom-up molecular design of microtubules and the top-down design of a microfluidic device. The surface charge density and stiffness of microtubules were controlled, allowing us to create three different types of microtubules with different gliding directions corresponding to their electrical and mechanical properties. The measured curvature of gliding microtubules enabled us to optimize the size and design of the device for molecular sorting in a top-down approach. The integrated bottom-up and top-down design achieved separation of stiff microtubules from negatively-charged soft microtubules with approximately 80% efficiency under an electric field. Our method is the first to sort multiple microtubules by integrating molecular control and microfluidic device design, and is applicable to multiplexed molecular sorters.
Optimization of the blowing ratio for film cooling on a flat plate
Authors: Kazemi Kelishami Mojtaba , Lakzian Esmail 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to report the result of a numerical investigation of film cooling performance on a flat plate for finding optimum blowing ratios.

Design/methodology/approach
Steady-state simulations have been performed, and the flow has been considered incompressible. Calculations have been performed with 3D finite-volume method and the k-e turbulence model.

Findings
The adiabatic film cooling effectiveness and the effects of density ratio (DR), blowing ratio (M) and main stream turbulence intensity (Tu), coolant penetration, hole incline and diameter are studied. The temperature and film cooling effectiveness contours, centerline and laterally film cooling effectiveness are presented for these cases. Results show that the cases with smaller Tu have better effectiveness. In the console, using the air coolant and in cylindrical hole cases, using CO2 coolant fluid has higher effectiveness. The results indicated that there is an optimum blowing ratio in the cylindrical hole cases to optimize the performance of new gas turbines.

Research limitations/implications
Investigation of optimum blowing ratio for the convex surfaces and turbine blades is a prospective topic for future studies.

Practical implications
The motivation of this study comes from several industrial applications such as film cooling of gas turbine components. This research gives the best blowing ratio for receiving maximum cooling effectiveness with minimum coolant velocity.

Originality/value
This study optimizes the blowing ratio for film cooling on a flat plate.
Heat generating/absorbing and chemically reacting Casson fluid flow over a vertical cone and flat plate saturated with non-Darcy porous medium
Authors: Durairaj Mythili , Ramachandran Sivaraj , Mehdi Rashidi Mohammad 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
The present investigation aims to deal with the study of unsteady, heat-generating/-absorbing and chemically reacting Casson fluid flow over a vertical cone and flat plate saturated with non-Darcy porous medium in the presence of cross-diffusion effects.

Design/methodology/approach
A numerical computation for the governing equations has been performed using implicit finite difference method of Crank–Nicolson type.

Findings
The influence of various physical parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration distributions is illustrated graphically, and the physical aspects are discussed in detail. Numerical results for average skin-friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are tabulated for the pertaining physical parameters. Results indicate that Soret and Dufour effects have notable influence on heat and mass transfer characteristics of the fluid when the temperature and concentration gradients are high. It is also observed that the consideration of heat generation/absorption plays a vital role in predicting the heat transfer characteristics of moving fluids.

Research limitations/implications
Consider a two-dimensional, unsteady, free convective flow of an incompressible Casson fluid over a vertical cone and a flat plate saturated with non-Darcy porous medium. The fluid properties are assumed to be constant except for density variations in the buoyancy force term. The fluid flow is moderate and the permeability of the medium is assumed to be low, so that the Forchheimer flow model is applicable.

Practical implications
The flow of Casson fluids (such as drilling muds, clay coatings and other suspensions, certain oils and greases, polymer melts and many emulsions), in the presence of heat transfer, is an important research area because of its relevance in the optimized processing of chocolate, toffee and other foodstuffs.

Social implications
In the heat and mass transfer investigations, the Casson fluid model is found to be accurately applicable in many practical situations in the wings of polymer processing industries and biomechanics, etc.; some prominent examples are silicon suspensions, suspensions of bentonite in water and lithographic varnishes used for printing inks.

Originality/value
The motivation of the present study is to bring out the effects of heat source/sink, Soret and Dufour effects on chemically reacting Casson fluid flow over a vertical cone and flat plate saturated with non-Darcy porous medium. The flow of Casson fluids (such as certain oils and greases, polymer melts and many emulsions) in the presence of heat transfer is an important research area because of its relevance in the optimized processing of chocolate, toffee and other foodstuffs. A numerical computation for the governing equations has been performed using implicit finite difference method of the Crank–Nicolson type.
A stochastically weighted operator splitting Monte Carlo (SWOSMC) method for the numerical simulation of complex aerosol dynamic processes
Authors: Liu Shuyuan , Chan Tat L. 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the complex aerosol dynamic processes by using this newly developed stochastically weighted operator splitting Monte Carlo (SWOSMC) method.

Design/methodology/approach
Stochastically weighted particle method and operator splitting method are coupled to formulate the SWOSMC method for the numerical simulation of particle-fluid systems undergoing the complex simultaneous processes.

Findings
This SWOSMC method is first validated by comparing its numerical simulation results of constant rate coagulation and linear rate condensation with the corresponding analytical solutions. Coagulation and nucleation cases are further studied whose results are compared with the sectional method in excellent agreement. This SWOSMC method has also demonstrated its high numerical simulation capability when used to deal with simultaneous aerosol dynamic processes including coagulation, nucleation and condensation.

Originality/value
There always exists conflict and tradeoffs between computational cost and accuracy for Monte Carlo-based methods for the numerical simulation of aerosol dynamics. The operator splitting method has been widely used in solving complex partial differential equations, while the stochastic-weighted particle method has been commonly used in numerical simulation of aerosol dynamics. However, the integration of these two methods has not been well investigated.
Transient two-dimensional natural convection flow of a nanofluid past an isothermal vertical plate using Buongiorno’s model
Authors: Narahari Marneni , Soorapuraju Suresh Kumar Raju , Pendyala Rajashekhar , Pop Ioan 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a numerical investigation of the transient two-dimensional natural convective boundary-layer flow of a nanofluid past an isothermal vertical plate by incorporating the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis in the mathematical model.

Design/methodology/approach
The problem is formulated using the Oberbeck–Boussinesq and the standard boundary-layer approximations. The governing coupled non-linear partial differential equations for conservation of mass, momentum, thermal energy and nanoparticle volume fraction have been solved by using an efficient implicit finite-difference scheme of the Crank–Nicolson type, which is stable and convergent. Numerical computations are performed and the results for velocity, temperature and nanoparticle volume fraction are presented in graphs at different values of system parameters such as Brownian motion parameter, thermophoresis parameter, buoyancy ratio parameter, Prandtl number, Lewis number and dimensionless time. The results for local and average skin-friction and Nusselt number are also presented graphically and discussed thoroughly.

Findings
It is found that the velocity, temperature and nanoparticle volume fraction profiles enhance with respect to time and attain steady-state values as time progresses. The local Nusselt number is found to decrease with increasing thermophoresis parameter, while it increases slightly with increasing Brownian motion parameter. To validate the present numerical results, the steady-state local Nusselt number results for the limiting case of a regular fluid have been compared with the existing well-known results at different Prandtl numbers, and the results are found to be in an excellent agreement.

Research limitations/implications
The present analysis is limited to the transient laminar natural convection flow of a nanofluid past an isothermal semi-infinite vertical plate in the absence of viscous dissipation and thermal radiation. The unsteady natural convection flow of a nanofluid will be investigated for various physical conditions in a future work.

Practical implications
Unsteady flow devices offer potential performance improvements as compared with their steady-state counterparts, and the flow fields in the unsteady flow devices are typically transient in nature. The present study provides very useful information for heat transfer engineers to understand the heat transfer enhancement with the nanofluid flows. The present results have immediate relevance in cooling technologies.

Originality/value
The present research work is relatively original and illustrates the transient nature of the natural convective nanofluid boundary-layer flow in the presence of Brownian motion and thermophoresis.
Nonlinear radiation effects on flow of nanofluid over a porous wedge in the presence of magnetic field
Authors: Khan Umar , Ahmed Naveed , Bin-Mohsen Bandar , Mohyud-Din Syed Tauseef 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to assess the flow of a nanofluid over a porous moving wedge. The passive control model along with the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects is used to formulate the problem. Furthermore, in energy equation, the non-linear thermal radiation has also been incorporated. The equations governing the flow are transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations by using suitable similarity transforms. The reduced system of equations is then solved numerically using a well-known Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method coupled with a shooting technique. The influence of parameters involved on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles is highlighted with the help of a graphical aid. Expressions for skin-friction coefficient, local Nusselt number and Sherwood number are obtained and presented graphically.

Design/methodology/approach
Numerical solution of the problem is obtained using the well-known Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method.

Findings
The analysis provided gives a clear description that the increase in m and magnetic parameter M results in an increased velocity profile. Both these parameters normalize the velocity field. Radiation parameter, Rd, increases the temperature and concentration of the system so does the temperature ratio θω reduces the heat transfer rate at the wall for both stretching and shrinking wedge.

Originality/value
In the study presented, the flow of nanofluid over a moving permeable wedge is considered. The solution of the equations governing the flow is presented numerically. For the validity of results obtained, a comparison is also presented with already existing results. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this investigation is the first of its kind on the said topic.
Mixed convection flow, heat transfer, species concentration near the stagnation point on a vertical flat plate with Stefan coupled blowing
Authors: Rosca Natalia C. , Rosca Alin V. , Merkin John H. , Pop Ioan 
Published: February 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to consider the effects that buoyancy arising from the combination of both thermal and concentration gradients can have on the mixed convection boundary-layer flow near a forward stagnation point with the effect of Stefan blowing being included. Ad suitable choice for the functional forms of the outer flow and the wall temperature and concentration enables the problem to be reduced to a similarity form involving the dimensionless parameters,λ(mixed convection),κ(Stefan blowing) andN(relative strength of concentration driven buoyancy to that of thermal driven), as well as the Prandtl and Schmidt numbers. Numerical solutions to this similarity system for a range of representative parameter values indicate a finite, non-zero range ofκwhere there can be four solutions in opposing flow with only one solution in aiding flow. Asymptotic solutions for large values ofNandκare derived, the latter having two different structures in the opposing flow.Design/methodology/approachThis paper sets up a similarity problem to examine the effects of Stefan blowing on a mixed convection flow with the aims of solving the equations numerically and complementing the results with appropriate asymptotic analysis.FindingsThe findings of the study include multiple solution branches, saddle-node bifurcations and singularities appearing in the solution.Originality/valueThe authors believe that all the results, both numerical and asymptotic, are original and have not been published elsewhere.
Integration of sustainability in engineering education
Authors: Guerra Aida 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
Education for sustainable development (ESD) is one of the challenges engineering education currently faces. Engineering education needs to revise and change its curriculum to integrate ESD principles and knowledge. Problem based learning (PBL) has been one of the main learning pedagogies used to integrate sustainability in engineering education. However, there is a lack of understanding of the relation between ESD and PBL principles and the ways in which they can be integrated and practised in the engineering curricula. This paper aims to investigate the relation between PBL and ESD and the ways in which they are integrated and practised in the engineering curricula.

Design/methodology/approach
The study starts with a review of the literature concerning ESD and PBL theories where relations between both are defined. The literature review is followed by an empirical work in which the PBL and ESD relations are investigated in relation to the PBL engineering curricula. The empirical work involves two engineering master programmes from Aalborg University, Denmark, while documentary analysis and interviews are used as methods for data collection.

Findings
The results show that even though PBL and ESD share common learning principles, their practice presents limitations that challenge the full integration of sustainability, namely, the crowded, strict and academic-centred curriculum, the struggle to balance different contexts with professional, interdisciplinary and collaborative knowledge and the tacit presence of sustainability.

Originality/value
The existence of a PBL curriculum at institutional level, such as at Aalborg University, enables investigation of how the PBL and ESD principles are practised, highlighting the limitations and potentials of integrating sustainability in the engineering curriculum.
A review of efficiency measures for REITS and their specific application for Malaysian Islamic REITS
Authors: Chuweni Nor Nazihah , Eves Chris 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to present a conceptual model on the efficiency of Islamic real estate investment trusts (I-REITs) available in Malaysia. The key difference between the Islamic and their conventional investment vehicle part is mainly its own Shariah framework. For instance, I-REITS must comply with the requirement of Securities Commission Act 1993 as well as the Guidelines on Islamic Real Estate Investment Trusts (Islamic REITs Guidelines).

Design/methodology/approach
The paper reviews and synthesises the relevant literature on the performance analysis and efficiency measurements of REITs. The paper then develops and proposes a conceptual model to measure the efficiency of Malaysian and Islamic REITs.

Findings
The paper identifies and examines the appropriate methods and instruments to measure the efficiency in relation to the risk and profitability of I-REITs. The efficiency measure is important for the fund managers to maximise the shareholders’ return in an investment of property portfolio as well as proposing the best way to allocate resources efficiently.

Research limitations/implications
This is a preliminary review of current work that identifies the issues that will be addressed in future empirical research. The authors will be undertaking this future empirical research in measuring the efficiency of Malaysian real estate investment trusts (M-REITs), particularly the I-REITs, using the non-parametric approach of data envelopment analysis.

Originality/value
To date, there has been very limited research on the efficiency measurement of I-REITs. The current analysis of REIT has been focused on traditional non-Islamic funds. This paper will review and discuss the current literature on efficiency measurement to determine the most appropriate approaches and methodologies for future application in performance analysis of efficiency measure for Malaysian and Islamic REITs.
Poverty alleviation through financing microenterprises with equity finance
Authors: Shaikh Salman Ahmed 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to achieve scale, efficiency and mitigate high monitoring costs, and explores the efficacy of micro equity finance at the enterprise level. The study compares the economic features of the proposed framework with interest-based debt finance.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a mathematical model to highlight the problem of agency costs including adverse selection and moral hazard.

Findings
Debt finance requires frequent repayments and indebtedness for financial inclusion. Conversely, the Islamic equity modes of financing in their current baseline structure suffer from high agency costs. By using enterprise level finance and distinct entry criterion for availing Islamic debt-based and micro equity finance, Islamic microfinance institutions (IMFIs) can reach the right targets and effectively mitigate the problem of adverse selection and high monitoring costs. The study suggests a framework in which equity financing could be used to fund microenterprises that will employ poor people with related skills.

Research limitations/implications
As the preferable modes of Islamic finance, i.e. Musharakah and Mudarabah, are not used by Islamic financial institutions (IFIs), empirical analysis of performance is not possible as they are rarely used.

Practical implications
The study suggests a workable model that can use Islamic equity-based modes of financing to improve microfinance outreach and achieve scale. The use of equity financing will help the Islamic finance industry to move toward its egalitarian vision, and the practical implementation of the model will help in reducing poverty in the Muslim majority countries.

Social implications
Muslim countries host half of global poverty, even though their share in global population is only one-fourth. Hence, there is need for solutions in achieving scale in poverty alleviation efforts.

Originality/value
Using a mathematical model, the paper presents agency problems in Islamic microfinance and proposes a solution through distinct entry criterion and enterprise level micro equity finance.
Decision making in the pre-development stage of residential development
Authors: Kosavinta Satakhun , Krairit Donyaprueth , Khang Do Ba 
Published: February 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the rationality of the decision making of residential developers in Thailand. Exploring its implications in the residential development field, the researchers propose the famous prospect theory as the primary cause of developers’ incompetent decisions during the pre-development stage of residential development.Design/methodology/approachThe methodologies used in this research include literature review, expert interview, and experimental questionnaire.FindingsThe results show that Thai developers exhibit all five aspects of prospect theory: loss aversion, fourfold pattern, bias from rare events, mental accounting, and preference reversals (PR); however, in contrast to previous literature, the researchers found that Thai developers always choose to receive gains, and usually make risky choices to avoid losses, even if the risk of loss is low. Moreover, status quo bias has a low influence on Thai developers: they tend to become attached to the areas they develop, but remain flexible in selecting a project type that fits the land. In addition, PR and the framing effect affect only some groups of developers.Practical implicationsThis research provides awareness to professionals in the residential development field to make sound judgements, using Thailand as a case study.Originality/valueThis paper reveals the existence of the unproven prospect theory in the residential development field using an empirical study in Thailand as a case study.