bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN SEKOTONG AND KODEK BAY WATERS, WEST LOMBOK
Authors: Sutomo Sutomo 
Published: January 2018

Phytoplankton plays important roles of food weeb in aquatic ecosystem, can absorb and release CO2 which is very useful for other organisms and the environment. The purpose of this research was to study the community structure, including abundance, composition and diversity of phytoplankton in the Sekotong and Kodek Bay, West Lombok. The study was conducted in April 2012 at 10 stations in the Sekotong Bay and six stations in Kodek Bay. Sampling was done vertically by using plankton Kitahara net having mesh size of 80 μm. The results showed that the abundance of phytoplankton from 10 stations in Sekotong Bay ranged between 834,134-6,488,888 sel/m3, while in Code Bay ranged between 53,571-191,642 sel/m3. Phytoplankton dominant in the waters of Sekotong Bay were Chaetoceros and Skeletonema, while in Kodek Bay the dominant phytoplankton were Chaetoceros, Hemialus, Lauderia, and Skeletonema. The results of the analysis of the diversity of phytoplankton genera in Sekotong Bay showed the value of diversity index (H')=0.40-1.13 and dominancy index=0.41-0.85. While in Kode Bay, the diversity of phytoplankton genera showed the value of diversity index (H')=1.53-1.98 and dominancy index=0.03-0.28. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the diversity of phytoplankton genera in the waters Sekotong Bay could be classified as less to moderate and there was a tendency of being dominated by one genera in the population. The diversity of phytoplankton genera in Kodek could be classified as moderate and there were low tendency of domination by certain genera in the population. Keywords: stucture community, phytoplankton, Sekotong Bay, Kodek Bay, West Lombok.
DISTRIBUTION AND PREDICTION ON HEAVY METALS POLLUTION LEVEL (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni) IN SEDIMENT IN BANGKA ISLAND WATERS USING LOAD POLLUTION INDEX AND GEOACCUMULATION INDEX
Authors: Ahmad Fasmi 
Published: January 2018

Bangka Island is rich in natural resources particularly tin minerals. The increasing of tin mining has elevated various wastes such as tailings, oil, and fuel coming from the sand scraper tin boat. These wastes containing toxic heavy metals may harmful to marine organism. Measurement of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni were carried out in September 2010. The purpose of this research was to predict the pollution degree of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni in sediment using two different methods namely geoaccumulation index (I_geo) and pollution load index (PLI). The samples of sediments were collected at 20 stations using Gravity Core. The content of heavy metals in all samples was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer with a mixture of air and acetylene flame. The results showed that there was a different of prediction on sediment pollution level between Load Pollution Index with Geoaccumulation Index. According to Load Pollution Index, sediments in this waters were not polluted by Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni (PLI<1). Based on Geoaccumulation Index, sediment were also not polluted by Pb, Cu, Zn, and Ni (Igeo<0). While for Cd, sediments divided into three categories, namely not polluted (Igeo<0), light polluted (0<Igeo<1), and medium pollued (1<Igeo<2). The concentration of the heavy metals still lower than that sediment quality guideline values. Keywords: Bangka Island, heavy metals, geoaccumulation index, pollution load index.
VARIABILITY AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF TOTAL SCATTERING COEFFICIENTS OF SURFACE WATER IN VARIOUS SEASONS
Authors: Untung Murjat Hi , Nababan Bisman , Siregar Vincentus P. 
Published: January 2018

Variability and spatial distribution data of the total scattering coefficients ares useful in the development of bio-optical algorithms of ocean color satellite. The purpose of this study was to determine the variability and spatial distribution of the total scattering coefficient at 9 wavelengths (λ) in different seasons. Field data collection were conducted in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico (NEGOM) of the spring , summer, and fall in 1999-2000 by using the ac-9 in-situ Spectrophotometer and restricted to coastal waters of 10 m isobath and offshore of 1000 m isobath. The data were filtered using the moving average method and tested with the Kruskal-Wallis. The results showed that the average value of the total scattering coefficients were significantly different among spring, summer, and fall. In general, the total scattering coefficients were relatively high, especially in the coastal waters near the mouth of the river each season and relatively low in offshore waters except during the summer that the total scattering coefficients were also relatively high in offshore watersdue to the intrusion of the Mississippi river flow toward offshore containing high nutrients that can promote the growth of phytoplankton in the offshore, suspended material and lower salinity jointly to increase the total scattering coefficients. Keywords: variability, spatial distribution, total scattering coefficient, bio-optic, NEGOM.
SHALLOW WATER HABITAT MAPPING AND REEF FISH STOCK ESTIMATION USING HIGH RESOLUTION SATELLITE DATA
Authors: Siregar Vincentius P. , Wouthuyzen Sam , Sunuddin Andriani , Anggoro Ari , Mustika Ade Ayu 
Published: January 2018

Shallow marine waters comprise diverse benthic types forming habitats for reef fish community, which important for the livelihood of coastal and small island inhabitants. Satellite imagery provide synoptic map of benthic habitat and further utilized to estimate reef fish stock. The objective of this research was to estimate reef fish stock in complex coral reef of Pulau Pari, by utilizing high resolution satellite imagery of the WorldView-2 in combination with field data such as visual census of reef fish. Field survey was conducted between May-August 2013 with 160 sampling points representing four sites (north, south, west, and east). The image was analy-zed and grouped into five classes of benthic habitats i.e., live coral (LC), dead coral (DC), sand (Sa), seagrass (Sg), and mix (Mx) (combination seagrass+coral and seagrass+sand). The overall accuracy of benthic habitat map was 78%. Field survey revealed that the highest live coral cover (58%) was found at the north site with fish density 3.69 and 1.50 ind/m2at 3 and 10 m depth, respectively. Meanwhile, the lowest live coral cover (18%) was found at the south site with fish density 2.79 and 2.18 ind/m2 at 3 and 10 m depth, respectively. Interpolation on fish density data in each habitat class resulted in standing stock reef fish estimation: LC (5,340,698 ind), DC (56,254,356 ind), Sa (13,370,154 ind), Sg (1,776,195 ind) and Mx (14,557,680 ind). Keywords: mapping, satellite imagery, benthic habitat, reef fish, stock estimation
DISTRIBUTIONAND DIVERSITY OF MACRO ALGAE COMMUNITIES IN THE AMBON BAY
Authors: Litaay Christina 
Published: January 2018

Water conditions affected by natural and anthropogenic parameters such as sedimentation and solid waste disposal can influence the growth and distribution of macro algae. Sustainable management efforts can reduce damage on the Gulf coast of Ambon due to human activities and land clearing. This study was conducted in October 2008 using the transect method with 3 replicates in five locations i.e., Tantui, Air Salobar, Hative Besar, Halong, and Lateri. The interior and exterior waters of Ambon Bay contained different habitat conditions due to sedimentation processes. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution and diversity of macro algae communities in the Ambon Bay. The results found 21 species of macro- algae consisting of 10 species of Rhodhophyceae, 6 species of Chlorophyceae, and 5 species of Phaeophyceae. The highest density value of seaweed in Tantui was 389.0 g/m² of Chlorophyceae of Halimeda genus. In Air Salobar and Halong, the highest density value was Rhodophyceae of Gracilaria genus of 172.0 g/m² and 155.0 g/m², respectively. For the other genus in the Tantui and Lateri regions were dominated by Ulva at 92.10 gr/m2 and Padina of 20.0 gr/m2, respectively. The highest dominance of macro algae in the Hative Besar was found Chlorophyceae of Halimeda genus of 2.93 %, in the Air Salobar of Phaeophyceae of Turbinaria genus of 1.43 %. The difference values in density and the dominance of macro algae indicated an influence of habitat and environment due to seasons, sediment, and solid waste disposal to the diversity of macro algae. Keywords: Diversity, macro algae, Ambon Bay.
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT PREFERENCE OF BIVALVIA IN THE COASTAL WATERS OF SIMPANG PESAK SUB DISTRICT, EAST BELITUNG DISTRICT
Authors: Akhrianti Irma , Bengen Dietriech G , Setyobudiandi Isdradjad 
Published: January 2018

The coastal waters of Simpang Pesak Sub-district, East Belitung Regency considered as a productive region and had a broad range of habitats for bivalvia. However, research on spatial distribution and habitat preference of bivalvia in this region is limited to none. The objectives of this research were to examine the effects of marine biophysical parameters and substrate quality on bivalvia. The research was started from Mei 2013 until June 2013 by using survey method and random systematic sampling approach. The results showed that there were 16 species of bivalves consisted of 14 genus from 7 family and dominated by Gafrarium pectinatum at station I (13.62 ind/m2, C=0.52, H’=0.6, muddy sandy), and station II (28.4 ind/m2, C=0.51, H’=1.04, sandy), Gafrarium tumidum at station III (59.9 ind/m2, C=0.51, H’=1.03, sandy), Scapharca pilula at Stasiun IV (61,6 ind/m2, C=0.5, H’=0.89, clay sandy). Spatial distribution and density of bivalves were influenced by particle size, C-organik, and other environmental factors such as current, dissolved oxygen, TSS, temperature, and salinity. Keywords: bivalves, distribution, habitat preference
INTRA-SEASONAL VARIABILITY OF NEAR-BOTTOM CURRENT IN THE HALMAHERA SEA
Authors: Wattimena Marlin C , Atmadipoera Agus S , Purba Mulia , Koch-Larrouy Ariane 
Published: January 2018

The secondary entry portal of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) from the Pacific to Indian Oceans is considered to be via the Halmahera Sea (HS). However, few ITF studies have been done within the passage. This motivated the Internal Tides and Mixing in the Indonesian Througflow (INDOMIX) program to conduct direct measurements of currents and its variability across the eastern path of the ITF. This study focused on the intra-seasonal variability of near-bottom current in HS (129°E, 0°S), its origin and correlation with surface zonal winds and sea surface height over the equatorial Pacific Ocean. The result showed a strong northwestward mean flow with velocity exceeding 40 cm/s, which represented the current-following topography with the northwest orientation. Meridional current component was much stronger than the zonal component. The energy of power spectral density (PSD) of the current peaked on 14-days and 27-days periods. The first period was presumably related to the tidal oscillation, but the latter may be associated with surface winds perturbation. Furthermore, cross-PSD revealed a significant coherency between the observed currents and the surface zonal winds in the central equatorial Pacific zonal winds (180°E-160°W), which corroborates westward propagation of intra-seasonal sea surface height signals along the 5°S with its mean phase speeds of 50 cm/s, depicting the low-latitude westward Rossby waves on intra-seasonal band. Keywords: current, equatorial Pacific Ocean, zonal winds, sea surface height, Halmahera Sea
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIPID BIOMARKERS (N-ALKANES, FATTY ACIDS, STEROLS, N-ALKANOLS AND ISOPRENOID) IN ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS OF MUARA ANGKE JAKARTA BAY AND CILINTANG-UJUNG KULON
Authors: Nugraha Mohammad Agung , Prartono Tri , Sanusi Harpasis Slamet 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT Lipid biomarkers as specific organic compounds can be used to evaluate the possible contribution of organic carbon from different sources or to trace the biological origin of molecules. The purpose of this research was to assess the contribution of sedimentary organic of origin based on the characteristics of lipid biomarkers in the Muara Angke Estuary-Jakarta Bay and Cilintang-Ujung Kulon. Single sediment sample were collected at the 10 cm deep from the top sediment. Those samples were extracted by soxhlet apparatus and fractioned prior to GC-MS analysis. All of those sediment showed different characteristics of biomarker (n-alkanes, fatty acid, sterol,n-alkanols and isoprenoid). They indicated the different of contribution of organic material inputs influenced by the activity of the upland and surrounding the estuary. Keywords: estuary sediment, GC-MS, lipids biomarkers
MANGROVE COVERAGE CHANGE DETECTION USING LANDSAT IMAGERIES BASED ON HYBRID CLASSIFICATION IN KEMBUNG RIVER, BENGKALIS ISLAND, RIAU PROVINCE
Authors: Jhonnerie Romie , Siregar Vincentius P , Nababan Bisman , Prasetyo Lilik Budi , Wouthuyzen Sam 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT The limited scientific information and lack of attention from stakeholders on the status of mangroves in Kembung River functioned as a basis of this study. Four series of Landsat data recorded in 1996, 2002, 2010, and 2013 were used to map mangrove land cover and changes detection. Hybrid classification technique, a combination of the object-based and random forest classifications, were applied in this study. The result showed that based on hybrid classification, mangrove coverage was detected within 82.6-88.4% overall accuracy. Change detection analyses showed that the mangrove area of Kembung River was relatively stable. For nearly two decades, we found mangrove loss about 197.2 ha, gain of 251.1 ha, and unchanged of 2904.9 ha. Changes in mangrove were generally caused by anthropogenic factors such as mangrove replanting, logging, changes over the function of mangroves into the road, embankment, settlement, shrimp farms, and natural growth. Serious attention from various parties are needed to maintain the existence and sustainablility of mangrove ecosystems in Kembung River. Keywords: Mangrove, Sungai Kembung, monitoring, Landsat, hybrid classification
CHANGE DETECTION OF CORAL REEF HABITAT USING LANDSAT IMAGERY IN MOROTAI ISLAND NORTH MALUKU PROVINCE
Authors: Wahiddin Nurhalis , Siregar Vincentius P , Nababan Bisman , Jaya Indra , Wouthuyzen Sam 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT Scientific information on coral reef habitat changes of Morotai island is very limited to none. This study aimed to detect the change of coral reef habitats between 1996 and 2013, using Landsat imagery integrated with field data in 2012. The research was conducted in the coral reef ecosystem of Morotai Island in North Maluku province. Change detection analyses were conducted using supervised classifications and transformation depth invariant index (DII), with five habitat classes i.e., mixed-habitat, coral, seagrass, sand, and rubble. The result showed that in 1996-2002 there was a significant increase in the mix-habitat and rubble classes (11.3% and 32.5%), however, there was a siginifcant decrease in the sand, seagrass, and coral classes of -14.1%, -14.9%, and -16.6%, respectively. In 2002-2013, mixed-habitat, sand, and seagrass classes were increase by 1.1%, 13.3%, and 24.78%, respectively. Meanwhile, coral and rubble classes were decrease by -22.7% and -27.0%, respectively. Within the period of 1996-2013, there was about 43.6% loss of coral reef of Morotai island. This was probably caused by the increase of seas surface temperature nad and the increase of human activities in the region. Keywords: coral reef habitats, Landsat, change detection, Morotai Island
EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF CARRAGEENAN Kappaphycus alvarezii FROM COAST OF KUTAI TIMUR DISTRICT
Authors: Asikin Andi Noor , Kusumaningrum Indrati , Sutono Doddy 
Published: January 2018

Carrageenan is a gelling form of polysaccharide obtained from extraction process of red seaweeds (Rhodophyceae) including Kappaphycus alvarezii. Carrageenan is widely used for pharmacy, cosmetics, food, gelling, and binding agent as well as emulsifier and stabi-lizer. The quality of carrageenan is affected by several factors, one of them such as concen-tration of KOH. The objectives of this research were to define the best concentration of KOH for extraction and characterize the functional properties. Functional properties of carrageen-an in this research were sulphate content, acid insoluble ash, gell strength, fiber, and whiteness. The experimental design used for this research was completely ran-domized design with four treatments of KOH concentrations i.e. 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7%. The study showed that the use of KOH concentarion of 7% resulted the best of carrageenan quality containing 24.36% sulphate, 1.96% acid insoluble ash, 17.80 g/cm2 gell strength, 8.94% fiber and 58.91% whiteness. Keywords: carrageenan, extraction, functional properties, Kalium Hydroxide, Kappaphycus alvarezii
MANAGEMENT ON CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEM IN THE SIANTAN TENGAH DISTRICT, ANAMBAS ISLANDS
Authors: Ramadhani Rifki Aldi , Damar Ario , Madduppa Hawis 
Published: January 2018

Coral reef ecosystem management in Siantan Tengah District, Anambas Islands need to be improved to obtain the optimal results. Currently, the coral reef ecosystem management is conducted sectorally, therefore, it can cause a damage on coral reef ecosystem. The purposes of this study were to analyze sustainability status of coral reefs managements in the District Central Siantan and to formulate the sustainability of coral reef ecosystem management. Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS) with Rap-Insus COREMAG approach was used to analyze the sustainability status of coral reef management. The results showed that the sustainability status of coral reef management in Siantan Tengah District was sustainable with multidimensional index of 51.457. Dimensions that need to be improved to achieve the optimal management of coral reef ecosystems in a sustainable manner is social dimension to the value of sustainability by 42.324 and institutional dimensions of 49.85 which is classed as less sustainable. This results of this research are expected to be able to facilitate the stakeholders to arrange the sustainability of coral reef ecosystem management in the Siantan Tengah District. Keywords: coral reef management, sustainability analysis, Siantan Tengah District, Anambas Island, Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS)
SURVIVAL AND RESPONSE MOLTING OF MUD CRAB (Scylla olivacea) INJECTED WITH MURBEY (Morus spp.) LEAVE EXTRACT
Authors: Herlinah . , Tenriulo Andi , Septiningsih Early , Suwoyo Hidayat Suryanto 
Published: January 2018

The soft shell crab productivity has been hampered due to the long rearing time and unsimultaneous molting of the crab. This study aimed to determine the effect of murbey (Morus spp.) leave extract as molting stimulant on Scylla olivacea and its best extract dosage to be applied in soft shell crabs production technology. Application of murbey extract was conducted by using injection method with 5 treatments such as (a) 0 ppm (as control); (b) 100 ppm; (c) 125 ppm; and (d) 150 ppm for 12 individual per treatment. The results showed that the highest molting percentage (50%) was obtained at the concentration of 100 ppm. Meanwhile, the control (0 ppm), 125 ppm, and 150 ppm treatments displayed the same molting response (33.3%). The fastest latent molting time (29 days) was found at the treatment of 125 ppm and the slowest one of 44 days at 100 and 150 ppm treatments. The best growth of crabs injected with murbey leaves extract was at the concentration of 100 ppm with the carapace width of 6.0 mm and the body weight of 32.98 g, while the lowest was obtained at the concentration of 150 ppm with the carapace width of 3.8 mm and the body weight of 25.43 g. Crabs treated with murbey extract at the concentrations of 100, 125, and 150 ppm exhibited survival rate of 91.7 % vs. the control of 83.3%. Murbey leaves extract have been proven to be effective in stimulating molting mud crab (Scylla olivacea). The 100 ppm exhibited the best response for growth and molting percentage, while the 125 ppm showed the best performance for latent period molting of the crab. Keywords: molting response, survival rate, Scylla olivacea, murbei leaves, Morus spp.
ON SEAWEED CULTURE BASED COASTAL AREA DEVELOPMENT IN WEST SUMBAWA REGENCY
Authors: Nuryadin Rusmin , Soewardi Kadarwan , Yonvitner . 
Published: January 2018

Seaweed cultivation is one of current coastal development activities in the west Sumbawa regency. Coastal region in the west Sumbawa regency that be used for seaweed cultivation was about 1,550 ha, however, its utilization was still limited of about 536 ha (34.58%). Seaweed farming activities were only carried out in some locations of the subdistrict of Taliwang and Pototano, west Sumbawa. Sustainability analysis of seaweed cultivation was done by Multidimensional scaling method using Rapid Appraisal Seaweed (Rapseaweed). Based on sustainability status of seaweed cultivation, the long line methods was less sustainable with sustanability index of 49.28 and the ‘anchored’ method produced better sustainability of 61.02 index value. A technological dimension is needed for seaweed farming development in order to produce better sustainability. Other dimensions for seaweed farming improvement are ecological, economic, social, and institutional. To reach a sustainable seaweed cultivation in the west Sumbawa regency, farmers and other stake holders should increase the utilization of available coastal region for seaweed farming activities by having the availability of the market and seeds, guarantees access to capital, increasing skills and knowledge of farmers, provide the drying and storage facilities, and develop the seaweed processing industry. Keywords: seaweed, value index, sustainability status, Rapseaweed
LEVEL OF CRABLET PRODUCTION IN MANGROVE CRAB Scylla paramamosain WITH FEEDING ENRICHMENT USING HUFA AND VITAMIN C ON LARVAE STAGES
Authors: Gunarto . , Herlinah . 
Published: January 2018

The objective of the research was to determine the best enrichment of rotifer and the naupli of Artemia as feed for mud crab, S. paramamosain larvae, also to know their increasing of the DHA/EPA ratio and vitamin C content. Four treatments were tested, namely : A) Mud crab larvae every two days were given rotifer and naupli of Artemia enriched with HUFA and vitamin C also added RICA-1 probiotic at 2 mg/L, B) Mud crab larvae every two days were given rotifer and naupli of Artemia enriched with HUFA and vitamin C, C). Mud crab larvae every two days were given rotifer and naupli of Artemia enriched with vitamin C, and D). Mud crab larvae every three days were given rotifer and naupli of Artemia enriched with vitamin C. Result showed that the crablet production from the highest to the lowest was as follows: treatment A (177.5+17.6 ind./tank), treatment B (160+14.1 ind./tank) (A and B showed no significant different results (P>0.05)), treatment C (136+5.6 ind./tank), and treatment D (106+8,5 ind./tank) (C and D results indicated a significantly different (P<0.05) with treatment A). Higher level of DHA/EPA ratio of 69.23% was found on rotifer enriched with HUFA, while on naupliofArtemia only 28,72%. Higher level content of vitamin C was 50.56% in rotifer enriched with vitamin C, while in naupli of Artemia was only increase to 35.56%.Keywords: Scylla paramamosain larvae, enrichment, HUFA, vitamin C, crablet