bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Different Cross-Training Modalities on Performance and Injury-Related Variables in High School Cross Country Runners
Authors: Paquette Max R. , Peel Shelby A. , Smith Ross E. , Temme Mark , Dwyer Jeffrey N. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Paquette, MR, Peel, SA, Smith, RE, Temme, M, and Dwyer, JN. The impact of different cross-training modalities on performance and injury-related variables in high school cross country runners. J Strength Cond Res 32(6): 1745–1753, 2018—There are many different types of aerobic cross-training modalities currently available. It is important to consider the effects that these different modalities have on running performance and injury risks. The purpose of this study was to compare movement quality, running economy (RE) and performance, injury-related biomechanical variables, and hip muscle strength before and after training with different cross-training modalities in high school runners. Thirty-one high school male runners trained for 4 weeks in 1 of 3 cross-training modalities, in addition to a running-only (n = 9) group, for which training sessions replaced 2 easy runs per week: cycling (CYCLE; n = 6), indoor elliptical (n = 7), and outdoor elliptical bike (EBIKE; n = 9). Functional movement screen (FMS), RE, 3,000-m performance, hip kinematics, and hip muscle strength were assessed. Paired t-tests and Cohen's d effect sizes were used to assess mean differences for each variable before and after training within each group. Elliptical bike training was the only modality that improved FMS scores (d = 1.36) and RE before and after training (d = 0.48). All groups showed improvements in 3,000-m performance, but large effects were found only for the CYCLE (d = 1.50) and EBIKE (d = 1.41) groups. Running-only (d = 1.25), CYCLE (d = 1.17), and EBIKE (d = 0.82) groups showed improvements in maximal hip extensor strength. Outdoor cycling and EBIKE cross-training may be the most effective cross-training modalities to incorporate in early season training to improve running performance in high school runners.
Protease-Mediated Suppression of DRG Neuron Excitability by Commensal Bacteria
Authors: Sessenwein Jessica L. , Baker Corey C. , Pradhananga Sabindra , Maitland Megan E. , Petrof Elaine O. , Allen-Vercoe Emma , Noordhof Curtis , Reed David E. , Vanner Stephen J. , Lomax Alan E. 
Published: November 2017

Peripheral pain signaling reflects a balance of pronociceptive and antinociceptive influences; the contribution by the gastrointestinal microbiota to this balance has received little attention. Disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome, are associated with exaggerated visceral nociceptive actions that may involve altered microbial signaling, particularly given the evidence for bacterial dysbiosis. Thus, we tested whether a community of commensal gastrointestinal bacteria derived from a healthy human donor (microbial ecosystem therapeutics; MET-1) can affect the excitability of male mouse DRG neurons. MET-1 reduced the excitability of DRG neurons by significantly increasing rheobase, decreasing responses to capsaicin (2 μm) and reducing action potential discharge from colonic afferent nerves. The increase in rheobase was accompanied by an increase in the amplitude of voltage-gated K+currents. A mixture of bacterial protease inhibitors abrogated the effect of MET-1 effects on DRG neuron rheobase. A serine protease inhibitor but not inhibitors of cysteine proteases, acid proteases, metalloproteases, or aminopeptidases abolished the effects of MET-1. The serine protease cathepsin G recapitulated the effects of MET-1 on DRG neurons. Inhibition of protease-activated receptor-4 (PAR-4), but not PAR-2, blocked the effects of MET-1. Furthermore,Faecalibacterium prausnitziirecapitulated the effects of MET-1 on excitability of DRG neurons. We conclude that serine proteases derived from commensal bacteria can directly impact the excitability of DRG neurons, through PAR-4 activation. The ability of microbiota-neuronal interactions to modulate afferent signaling suggests that therapies that induce or correct microbial dysbiosis may impact visceral pain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCommercially available probiotics have the potential to modify visceral pain. Here we show that secretory products from gastrointestinal microbiota derived from a human donor signal to DRG neurons. Their secretory products contain serine proteases that suppress excitability via activation of protease-activated receptor-4. Moreover, from this community of commensal microbes,Faecalibacterium prausnitziistrain 16-6-I 40 fastidious anaerobe agar had the greatest effect. Our study suggests that therapies that induce or correct microbial dysbiosis may affect the excitability of primary afferent neurons, many of which are nociceptive. Furthermore, identification of the bacterial strains capable of suppressing sensory neuron excitability, and their mechanisms of action, may allow therapeutic relief for patients with gastrointestinal diseases associated with pain.
Why Do Irrelevant Alternatives Matter? An fMRI-TMS Study of Context-Dependent Preferences
Authors: Chung Hui-Kuan , Sjöström Tomas , Lee Hsin-Ju , Lu Yi-Ta , Tsuo Fu-Yun , Chen Tzai-Shuen , Chang Chi-Fu , Juan Chi-Hung , Kuo Wen-Jui , Huang Chen-Ying 
Published: November 2017

Both humans and animals are known to exhibit a violation of rationality known as “decoy effect”: introducing an irrelevant option (a decoy) can influence choices among other (relevant) options. Exactly how and why decoys trigger this effect is not known. It may be an example of fast heuristic decision-making, which is adaptive in natural environments, but may lead to biased choices in certain markets or experiments. We used fMRI and transcranial magnetic stimulation to investigate the neural underpinning of the decoy effect of both sexes. The left ventral striatum was more active when the chosen option dominated the decoy. This is consistent with the hypothesis that the presence of a decoy option influences the valuation of other options, making valuation context-dependent even when choices appear fully rational. Consistent with the idea that control is recruited to prevent heuristics from producing biased choices, the right inferior frontal gyrus, often implicated in inhibiting prepotent responses, connected more strongly with the striatum when subjects successfully overrode the decoy effect and made unbiased choices. This is further supported by our transcranial magnetic stimulation experiment: subjects whose right inferior frontal gyrus was temporarily disrupted made biased choices more often than a control group. Our results suggest that the neural basis of the decoy effect could be the context-dependent activation of the valuation area. But the differential connectivity from the frontal area may indicate how deliberate control monitors and corrects errors and biases in decision-making.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTStandard theories of rational decision-making assume context-independent valuations of available options. Motivated by the importance of this basic assumption, we used fMRI to study how the human brain assigns values to available options. We found activity in the valuation area to be consistent with the hypothesis that values depend on irrelevant aspects of the environment, even for subjects whose choices appear fully rational. Such context-dependent valuations may lead to biased decision-making. We further found differential connectivity from the frontal area to the valuation area depending on whether biases were successfully overcome. This suggests a mechanism for making rational choices despite the potential bias. Further support was obtained by a transcranial magnetic stimulation experiment, where subjects whose frontal control was temporarily disrupted made biased choices more often than a control group.
Relaxed Selection During a Recent Human Expansion
Authors: Peischl Stephan , Dupanloup Isabelle , Foucal Adrien , Jomphe Michèle , Bruat Vanessa , Grenier Jean-Christophe , Gouy Alexandre , Gilbert K J , Gbeha Elias , Bosshard Lars , Hip-Ki Elodie , Agbessi Mawussé , Hodgkinson Alan , Vézina Hélène , Awadalla Philip , Excoffier Laurent 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPeischl et al. explore the way evolutionary forces shape genetic variability in expanding human populations. Over a few generations of separate evolution...Humans have colonized the planet through a series of range expansions, which deeply impacted genetic diversity in newly settled areas and potentially increased the frequency of deleterious mutations on expanding wave fronts. To test this prediction, we studied the genomic diversity of French Canadians who colonized Quebec in the 17th century. We used historical information and records from ∼4000 ascending genealogies to select individuals whose ancestors lived mostly on the colonizing wave front and individuals whose ancestors remained in the core of the settlement. Comparison of exomic diversity reveals that: (i) both new and low-frequency variants are significantly more deleterious in front than in core individuals, (ii) equally deleterious mutations are at higher frequencies in front individuals, and (iii) front individuals are two times more likely to be homozygous for rare very deleterious mutations present in Europeans. These differences have emerged in the past six to nine generations and cannot be explained by differential inbreeding, but are consistent with relaxed selection mainly due to higher rates of genetic drift on the wave front. Demographic inference and modeling of the evolution of rare variants suggest lower effective size on the front, and lead to an estimation of selection coefficients that increase with conservation scores. Even though range expansions have had a relatively limited impact on the overall fitness of French Canadians, they could explain the higher prevalence of recessive genetic diseases in recently settled regions of Quebec.
Editorial
Authors: Moreira Bruno César de Melo 
Published: November 2017

Prezados leitores,É com grande satisfação que comunico o lançamento de mais uma edição da Revista ForScience: Revista Científica do IFMG – Campus Formiga. A Edição de v. 2, n. 2 de jul./dez 2014 é fruto de uma parceria entre a ForScience e a V Jornada de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia promovida pelo IFMG – Campus Formiga e busca apresentar os melhores trabalhos científicos avaliados, submetidos à Jornada Científica na modalidade de resumos expandidos.Esta parceria reafirma a intenção da ForScience em se manter alinhada com o compromisso IFMG em promover o desenvolvimento científico, tecnológico e cultural da sociedade, com a democratização do conhecimento e com o fortalecimento da pesquisa e a inovação tecnológica em nossa instituição e demais Instituições de Ensino Superior.Aproveito a ocasião para comunicar as mudanças ocorridas na equipe editorial.O professor Ricardo Carrasco Carpio deixa a Edição Geral da Revista e passa a colaborar em nosso Conselho Editorial. É de fundamental importância destacar o trabalho do prof. Ricardo a frente da ForScience ao longo destes primeiros anos de vida. Sua dedicação e perseverança possibilitou transformá-la em uma realidade. E com a colaboração de toda a equipe editorial e científica, procuraremos alçar voos ainda mais altos.Também gostaria de apresentar o prof. José Sérgio Domingues. Com o aumento das submissões e os novos desafios aos quais a ForScience se prontificou em aceitar, foi criada a função de Co-editor.Imbuíos pela vontade de crescer e melhorar a cada dia, a Bibliotecária Lívia Renata Santos assume a Secretaria Executiva da ForScience, atuando diretamente junto aos editores, dando maior celeridade ao processo de avaliação, normalização e publicação dos artigos.Damos boas vindas, também, aos novos colaboradores, bibliotecários César dos Santos Moreira e Natália Leal Santos, que auxiliarão nos processos de normalização. Às professoras Ana Paula Cararro Borges, revisora de língua portuguesa, Thais Lopes Reis, revisora de língua inglesa e o professor Lélis como editor de área da Gestão. Aos nossos novos pareceristas e avaliadores, damos boas vindas e destacamos que a sua atuação é de fundamental importância para o crescimento e melhora contínua dos trabalhos publicados em nossa revista.Como editor chefe procurarei continuar o grande trabalho iniciado pelo prof. Ricardo Carrasco Carpio. Novos desafios virão, mas, junto com toda a equipe editorial e científica, buscaremos firmar a ForScience como um espaço de destaque de disseminação dos conhecimentos resultantes da investigação científica. Boa leitura a todos! Prof. Bruno César de Melo MoreiraEditor Chefe da Revista ForScience
Redes neurais no tratamento de dados para maximização de margem
Authors: Alves Emerson Maurício de Almeida , Santos Francisco Heider Willy dos 
Published: November 2017

Este trabalho propõe uma nova técnica para a maximização de margem, através do tratamento de dados. As várias abordagens de tratamento de dados serão utilizadas no treinamento do Perceptron Espanhol. As distâncias entre os vetores de suporte e a superfície de separação foram utilizadas como métrica para a avaliação da máxima margem. Os vetores de suporte são fornecidos através da Support Vector Machine (SVM), após treinamento com a base de dados sem tratamento. A base utilizada é sintética, linearmente separável, com duas classes, aleatória de distribuição normal. Os resultados sugerem que a nova técnica proporciona uma melhoria na margem gerada com o perceptron espanhol, quando o erro de treinamento é maior.Palavras-chave: Maximização de margens. Perceptron Espanhol. SVM.Neural networks in the data processing for maximizingAbstractThis paper proposes a new technique for maximizing margin, through the processing of data. The various data processing approaches will be used in Spanish Perceptron training. The distances between the support vectors and the separation surface was used as a metric to evaluate the maximum margin. The support vectors are provided by the Support Vector Machine (SVM) after training database without treatment. The base used is synthetic linearly separable, with two classes, random normal distribution. The results suggest that the new technique provides an improvement in margin generated with Spanish Perceptron, when the training error is higher.Keywords: Maximizing margins. Spanish Perceptron. SVM.
Análise da relação entre atitudes e desempenho quanto à matemática em alunos do cursinho Pré-IFMG
Authors: Vilela Nágila Giovanna Silva , Teixeira Rossi Zélia Terezinha 
Published: November 2017

O presente estudo objetivou explorar a relação entre as atitudes (sob a forma de interesse e disposição em relação à Matemática) e o desempenho no que se refere à Matemática em alunos do 9º ano do ensino fundamental de escolas públicas. Participaram 15 estudantes matriculados no Cursinho Pré-IFMG (short course Pre-IFMG), turma de 2015, que estavam presentes na data da aplicação do questionário e que fizeram os dois simulados aplicados durante o curso. Aplicou-se, coletivamente, a Escala de Atitudes em Relação à Matemática (EARM). A média das notas de Matemática nos simulados foi comparada com o score da EARM a fim de comparar atitudes e desempenho. Os resultados revelaram que, de forma moderada, os alunos com maiores scores na EARM, isto é, os mais satisfeitos e que demonstram atitudes positivas quanto à Matemática, são aqueles que obtiveram maiores notas nos simulados. Ao final, é apresentada a limitação da pesquisa quanto ao tamanho da amostra assim como sugestões para pesquisas futuras.Palavras-Chave: Matemática. EARM. Correlação e Análise Estatística.AbstractAnalysis of relationship between attitudes and performance in math of the students of cursinho pré-ifmgThis study aimed to explore the relationship between attitudes (in the form of interest and disposition towards mathematics) and performance in relation to mathematics of students from 9th grade of elementary education in public schools. The participants were 15 students enrolled in Cursinho Pré-IFMG, class of 2015, who were present at the time of the interview and did the two trial tests applied during the course. The Attitude Scale in Relation to Mathematics (MRSA) was applied collectively. The average math scores on the trial tests were compared to the score of MRSA in order to compare attitudes and performance. The results revealed that, in a moderate way, students with higher scores on MRSA, ie, the most satisfied and demonstrate positive attitudes towards mathematics are those who obtained higher scores on the trial tests. Finally, the limitation of the research is presented as the sample size as well as the suggestions for future research.Keywords: Mathematics. MRSA. Correlation and Statistical Analysis.
El periodismo ciudadano. Análisis de opiniones de periodistas profesionales de España, Italia y Bélgica
Authors: Suárez-Villegas Juan Carlos 
Published: November 2017

Uno de los cambios más significativos en el periodismo de la última década ha sido la irrupción de los ciudadanos en el proceso informativo, estableciendo diversas formas de interacción con los profesionales de la información, con los medios de comunicación y también entre ellos. Esta novedad ha establecido una nueva cultura periodística donde la noticia adquiere una dimensión dinámica y en la que la propia interactividad con el público puede contribuir a alimentar distintos aspectos que también han entrado a formar parte de los medios de comunicación. Sin embargo, este papel activo del público no puede sustanciar el denominado periodismo ciudadano, pues adolece de las garantías necesarias de una información de calidad que asegure un debate público ordenado y constructivo.
A Case Study Of Procurement Of Christian Education Teacher In Public Elementary School In Sub-District Of Candisari Of Semarang
Authors: Permana Surja 
Published: November 2017

Purpose : The purpose of this research was to know the reasons or causes of lack or absence of Christian Education teachers
Design/methodology/approach : The method used in this research was explorative-descriptive case study. Case study procedure in this research had four stages: description (observing/studying), analysis (trying to understand), interpretation (interpretation of data), and action (action plan based on the result of research data).
Findings : the main obstacle to procurement of Christian Education teachers as Non-Permanent Teachers was lack or absence of budget
Research limitations/implications : This study was limited to the number of Christian students. Interview means that the researcher asked questions to school administrators to obtain information according to research variables. To complete the information required, the researcher observed on the implementation of Christian Education at Public Elementary School in Sub-district of Candisari, Semarang.
Practical implications : First, in Sub-district of Candisari there were 37 Public Elementary Schools. Thirty-six schools had Christian students. There were only six Christian Education teachers who teaching Christian Education at 16 schools. Six Christian Education teachers for 16 schools, mean 43% of schools had teachers who teaching Christian Education. That mean 57% or 20 Public Elementary Schools in Sub-district of Candisari had no Christian Education teachers.
Originality/value : the Government or the school administrators were less concerned with the implementation of Christian Education, then the church (Christian community) must be willing to assume the responsibility by sending and financing Christian Education teachers to schools that did not have Christian Education teachers yet
Les anxiétés de l’attachement : les liens qui fragilisent et les liens qui oppressent
Authors: Paugam Serge 
Published: November 2017

Revenant à Durkheim, l’article examine en quoi la fragilisation de quatre types de liens sociaux d’attachement qui constituent le tissu social : les liens de filiation, de participation élective, de participation organique et de citoyenneté peut devenir facteur d’anxiété. Chaque type de lien offre aux individus l’assurance d’une protection (« compter sur ») et la satisfaction d’une reconnaissance (« compter pour ») au sein des groupes sociaux et, par là, au sein du système social où ils peuvent éprouver à la fois le sentiment d’une conformité aux normes qui le fondent et un sentiment de liberté. À l’opposé, les configurations sociales qui enlèvent la protection et la reconnaissance créent de l’anxiété : quand les liens sont rompus, quand ils sont fragilisés ou quand ils oppressent, s’il y a protection sans reconnaissance, comme cela peut être le cas dans la sphère du travail.
Penser les peurs avec les habitants des quartiers populaires urbains
Authors: Bordet Joëlle 
Published: November 2017

Depuis 2015, la France est confrontée à des attentats et à leurs effets, événements tragiques qui transforment les rapports sociaux et accentuent des tensions déjà là entre les habitants des quartiers populaires dont nombre d’entre eux sont issus de l’immigration et de confession musulmane. Dans cet article, dans une position de « témoin-interprète », l’auteure rend compte de situations significatives de ces évolutions et de ces tensions à la fois sociales, identitaires et politiques à l’œuvre pour les habitants des quartiers populaires urbains. Elle propose et développe un axe de travail auquel contribuent des psychosociologues : la « réassurance collective », processus mis en œuvre avec les habitants – dont les jeunes adultes, les professionnels et les élus locaux –, qui vise dans ce contexte difficile à soutenir des capacités collectives à transformer les situations de rupture et de fragmentation.
Quand l’autorité du cadre formateur et la relation pédagogique ont à composer avec la présence des téléphones portables en cours
Authors: Trophardy Céline 
Published: November 2017

En institut de formation en soins infirmiers, les formateurs accompagnent les étudiants avec lesquels ils établissent une relation pédagogique, en restant garant du respect du règlement intérieur, concernant notamment l’interdiction des téléphones portables en cours. Objectif : comprendre les mécanismes relationnels en jeu au travers d’une question : comment les formateurs articulent l’exercice de la relation pédagogique avec l’exercice de leur autorité ? Méthode : étude qualitative menée au cours d’une recherche exploratoire par entretiens semi-directifs, auprès de formateurs et d’étudiants. Résultats : les formateurs accordent de l’importance à la qualité de la relation, mais s’arrangent différemment pour lier autorité et missions de formation. Les étudiants acceptent cette autorité si elle s’inscrit dans le cadre du règlement intérieur, ce qui permet de ne pas nuire à la qualité de la relation pédagogique. Le cadre réglementaire contribue à la construction de l’autorité du collectif formateur. Conclusion : ce travail ouvre un espace de réflexion autour des notions de relation, règlement, légitimité et collectif. L’autorité est un phénomène complexe qui s’inscrit, comme la relation pédagogique, dans un cadre réglementaire lui conférant stabilité et légitimité. Ce règlement ne standardiserait pas les conduites, mais permettrait l’expression de la liberté individuelle des formateurs.