bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Possibilities for preservation of coarse particles in pelleting process to improve feed quality characteristics
Authors: Vukmirović D. , Fišteš A. , Lević J. , Čolović R. , Rakić D. , Brlek T. , Banjac V. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryPoultry diets are mainly used in pelleted form because pellets have many advantages compared to mash feed. On the other hand, pelleting causes reduction of feed particle size. The aim of this research was to investigate the possibility of increasing the content of coarse particles in pellets, and, at the same time, to produce pellets with satisfactory quality. In this research, the three grinding treatments of corn were applied using hammer mill with three sieve openings diameter: 3 mm (HM‐3), 6 mm (HM‐6) and 9 mm (HM‐9). These grinding treatments were combined in pelleting process with three gaps between rollers and the die of pellet press (roller‐die gap, RDG) (0.30, 1.15 and 2.00 mm) and three moisture contents of the pelleted material (14.5, 16.0 and 17.5%). The increased coarseness of grinding by the hammer mill resulted in the increased amount of coarse particles in pellets, especially when the smallest RDG was applied (0.30 mm), but pellet quality was greatly reduced. Increasing of RDG improved the quality of pellets produced from coarsely ground corn, but reduced the content of coarse particles in pellets and increased specific energy consumption of the pellet press. Increasing the moisture content of material to be pelleted (MC) significantly reduced energy consumption of the pellet press, but there was no significant influence of MC on particle size after pelleting and on the pellet quality. The optimal values of the pelleting process parameters were determined using desirability function method. The results of optimization process showed that to achieve the highest possible quantity of coarse particles in the pellets, and to produce pellets of satisfactory quality, with the lowest possible energy consumption of the pellet press, the coarsest grinding on hammer mill (HM‐9), the largest RDG (2 mm) and the highest MC (17.5%) should be applied.
Oxygen desaturation during night sleep affects decision‐making in patients with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Delazer Margarete , Zamarian Laura , Frauscher Birgit , Mitterling Thomas , Stefani Ambra , Heidbreder Anna , Högl Birgit 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThis study assessed decision‐making and its associations with executive functions and sleep‐related factors in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Thirty patients with untreated obstructive sleep apnea and 20 healthy age‐ and education‐matched controls performed the Iowa Gambling Task, a decision‐making task under initial ambiguity, as well as an extensive neuropsychological test battery. Patients, but not controls, also underwent a detailed polysomnographic assessment. Results of group analyses showed that patients performed at the same level of controls on the Iowa Gambling Task. However, the proportion of risky performers was significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group. Decision‐making did not correlate with executive functions and subjective ratings of sleepiness, whereas there was a significant positive correlation between advantageous performance on the Iowa Gambling Task and percentage of N2 sleep, minimal oxygen saturation, average oxygen saturation and time spent below 90% oxygen saturation level. Also, the minimal oxygen saturation accounted for 27% of variance in decision‐making. In conclusion, this study shows that a subgroup of patients with obstructive sleep apnea may be at risk of disadvantageous decision‐making under ambiguity. Among the sleep‐related factors, oxygen saturation is a significant predictor of advantageous decision‐making.
Do experiments exploring plant diversity–ecosystem functioning relationships inform how biodiversity loss impacts natural ecosystems?
Authors: Wardle David A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAn enormous recent research effort focused on how plant biodiversity (notably species richness) influences ecosystem functioning, usually through experiments in which diversity is varied through random draws of species from a species pool. Such experiments are increasingly used to predict how species losses influence ecosystem functioning in ‘real’ ecosystems. However, this assumes that comparisons of experimental communities with low vs high species richness are analogous to comparisons of natural communities from which species either have or have not been lost. I explore the validity of this assumption, and highlight difficulties in using such experiments to draw conclusions about the ecosystem consequences of biodiversity loss in natural systems. Notably, these experiments do not mimic what happens in real ecosystems either when local extinctions occur or when species losses are offset by gains of new species. Despite limitations, this single experimental approach for studying how biodiversity loss affects ecosystems has often been advocated and implemented at the expense of other approaches; this limits understanding of how natural ecosystems respond to biodiversity loss. I conclude that a broader spectrum of approaches, and more explicit consideration of how species losses and gains operate in concert to influence ecosystems, will help progress this field.
Maternal mental health symptoms are positively related to emotional and restrained eating attitudes in a statewide sample of mothers participating in a supplemental nutrition program for women, infants and young children
Authors: Emerson Jillian A. , Hurley Kristen M. , Caulfield Laura E. , Black Maureen M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPostpartum, low‐income mothers are at risk for mental health symptoms and obesity, and disordered eating attitudes may be associated with both mental health and obesity in this vulnerable population. The study objective is to determine whether higher levels of mental health symptoms are associated with increased odds of emotional and restrained eating attitudes in this sample of Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) participants. Data on 711 mothers of infants <13 months from a statewide sample of Maryland WIC participants were collected via telephone survey. Maternal mental health symptoms were measured on continuous scales for depression (PRIME‐MD), stress (Perceived Stress Scale) and anxiety (Spielberger State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory). Emotional and restrained eating attitudes were measured with questions adapted from the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used. Obesity [body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30] was explored as a moderating variable. Mothers reporting higher levels of depression symptoms [odds ratio (OR) = 3.93, 95%CI: 2.71–5.69], anxiety symptoms (OR = 1.96, 95%CI: 1.47–2.65), stress symptoms (OR = 2.09, 95%CI: 1.67–2.61) and high overall mental health symptomatology (OR = 3.51, 95%CI: 2.43–5.3) had increased odds of emotional eating attitudes. There were significant associations between symptoms of depression (OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.12–2.25) and increased odds of restrained eating attitudes. Obesity did not moderate the association. Mothers with mental health symptoms are at risk for disordered eating attitudes, which may increase risk of poor diet. These findings underscore the need for greater focus on addressing maternal mental health status and eating attitudes in the postpartum period.
Effect of organic solvents and ultrasound on the removal of orthodontic brackets
Authors: Santana R. M. , Rached R. N. , Souza E. M. , Guariza‐Filho O. , Camargo E. S. , Pithon M. M. , Tanaka O. M. 
Published: February 2016

Structured AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of organic gel solvents (70% acetone and 90% ethanol) and ultrasound in the removal of metallic brackets.Materials and MethodsMetallic brackets were bonded with light‐cured orthodontic composite (Transbond XT) in 120 human bicuspids and divided into 6 groups for the enamel etch‐and‐rinse adhesive system (XT) and 6 groups to self‐etching system (SEPT) according to pretreatment to removal test: control, 70% acetone, 90% ethanol, ultrasound, 70% acetone+ultrasound, and 90% ethanol+ultrasound. The brackets were subjected to removal by shear testing and Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) evaluation. Some specimens were prepared and its adhesive interface and etching ability observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).ResultsOnly the factor ‘ultrasound’ and its interaction with ‘adhesive’ were detected as a source of variance, with the SEPT/ultrasound showing the lowest shear strength than the other groups. Regardless the factor ‘ultrasound’, XT showed a higher ARI than SEPT; however, when the solvents were used, no differences were detected between XT and SEPT.ConclusionThe organic solvents were not effective in reducing shear bond strength. The etch‐and‐rinse adhesive system showed a higher and more favorable ARI score than the self‐etching primer. The behavior of the organic solvents on ARI showed to be better when associated with the self‐etching primer. The ultrasound was effective in reducing the shear bond strength of the self‐etching adhesive system but not in affecting the ARI of the adhesive systems.
Genetic analysis and QTL mapping of oil content and seed index using two recombinant inbred lines and two backcross populations in Upland cotton
Authors: Shang Lianguang , Abduweli Abdugheni , Wang Yumei , Hua Jinping 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCottonseed is one of the main by‐products of cotton. To explore the genetic composition of oil content (OC) and seed index (SI) is helpful for utilizing the cottonseed. Under multiple environmental conditions, the genetic structures of OC and SI were explored using two recombinant inbred lines (RILs) and corresponding backcross (BC) populations in Upland cotton. Twenty‐four and 31 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for OC and SI, respectively, were detected using composite interval mapping, in which 9 QTLs for OC and 18 QTLs controlling SI were simultaneously identified in more than two environments or two populations. Forty‐seven and 37 QTLs with main effects (M‐QTLs) for OC and SI and 114 and 74 QTLs involved in digenic interactions (E‐QTLs), respectively, identified by inclusive composite interval mapping. On average, the E‐QTLs explained a larger portion of the phenotypic variation than the M‐QTLs did. It was concluded that additive effects of single‐locus and epistasis derived from complementary loci with few detectable single‐locus effects played an important role in oil content and seed index in Upland cotton.
Intra‐arterial nitroglycerin for intra‐operative arterial vasospasm during pediatric renal transplantation
Authors: Penna Frank J. , Harvey Elizabeth , John Philip , Armstrong Derek , Luginbuehl Igor , Odeh Rakan I. , Alyami Fahad , Koyle Martin A. , Lorenzo Armando J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIntra‐operative arterial vasospasm during pediatric renal transplantation is an urgent clinical situation resulting in end‐organ ischemia, associated changes in parenchymal turgor and color, diminished flow on ultrasound, and if left untreated, allograft loss. We hypothesized that intra‐operative intra‐arterial injection of nitroglycerin would reverse vasospasm and improve renal perfusion. A three‐yr‐old girl with end‐stage renal disease due to autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease on peritoneal dialysis underwent deceased donor renal transplantation. After optimal immediate reperfusion and hemodynamic parameters, the kidney lost turgor and became mottled in appearance despite adequate hilar arterial and venous Doppler waveforms. Two aliquots of 40 μg (0.4 mL of a 100 μg/mL) nitroglycerin solution were injected directly into the renal artery 10 min apart. Nitroglycerin resulted in dramatic change in the consistency and appearance of the allograft. An improvement in renal blood flow was demonstrated by ultrasound after the second intra‐arterial nitroglycerin injection with only a transient decrease in systemic arterial blood pressure. The child experienced normal allograft perfusion on serial postoperative ultrasounds, with a prompt decrease in serum creatinine and excellent diuresis. Intra‐arterial nitroglycerin is a promising option for intra‐operative arterial vasospasm during pediatric renal transplantation with objective improvement in blood flow and perfusion.
Cognitive flexibility, heart rate variability, and resilience predict fine‐grained regulation of arousal during prolonged threat
Authors: Hildebrandt Lea K. , McCall Cade , Engen Haakon G. , Singer Tania 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEmotion regulation in the ongoing presence of a threat is essential for adaptive behavior. Threatening situations change over time and, as a consequence, require a fine‐tuned, dynamic regulation of arousal to match the current state of the environment. Constructs such as cognitive flexibility, heart rate variability, and resilience have been proposed as resources for adaptive emotion regulation, especially in a moment‐to‐moment fashion. Nevertheless, none of these constructs has been empirically related to the dynamic regulation of arousal as it unfolds over the course of a prolonged threatening episode. Here, we do so by placing participants in a threatening and evolving immersive virtual environment called Room 101, while recording their skin conductance. Subsequently, participants rated their subjective arousal continuously over the course of the experience. Participants who had shown greater cognitive flexibility in a separate task (i.e., fewer task‐switching costs when switching to evaluating the valence of positive stimuli) showed better regulation of physiological arousal (skin conductance level), during less‐threatening phases of Room 101. Individuals with higher trait resilience and individuals with higher resting heart rate variability showed more regulation in terms of their subjective arousal experience. The results indicate that emotional, cognitive, and physiological flexibility support nuanced adaptive regulation of objective and experienced arousal in the ongoing presence of threats. Furthermore, the results indicate that these forms of flexibility differentially affect automatic and objective versus reflective and subjective processes.
The Politics of Higher Education: University President Ideology and External Networking
Authors: Rabovsky Thomas , Rutherford Amanda 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWhile the importance of networking is increasingly recognized by practitioners and scholars alike, little is known about why significant variance is observed in how often and with whom organizational leaders network. Further, while we know that political ideology plays a critical role in shaping decision making within public organizations, current models of networking have largely failed to consider the importance of ideology in driving networking efforts. Using data from a 2012 survey of U.S. university presidents and the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, this article explores the role that president ideology plays in shaping networking behavior with political principals. Findings suggest that the effect of ideology on external networking efforts is moderated by state policy maker ideology.
Weight Gain Alters Adiponectin Receptor 1 Expression on Adipose Tissue‐Resident Helios+ Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Ramos‐Ramírez P. , Malmhäll C. , Johansson K. , Lötvall J. , Bossios A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAdipose tissue produces multiple mediators that modulate the immune response. Adiponectin is an adipocyte‐derived cytokine that exhibits metabolic and anti‐inflammatory effects. Adiponectin acts through binding to adiponectin receptor 1 and 2 (AdipoR1/AdipoR2). AdipoR1 is ubiquitously expressed, whereas AdipoR2 is restricted to skeletal muscle and liver. AdipoR1 expression has been reported on a small percentage of T cells; nevertheless, it is still unknown whether Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) express AdipoR1. Recently, it has been shown that Tregs accumulate in adipose tissue and that they play a potential role in modulating adipose tissue inflammation. Our aim was to evaluate AdipoR1 expression in adipose tissue‐resident Tregs and to evaluate the effect of weight gain on this expression. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed with a high‐fat diet for 14 weeks (to develop overweight) or 21 weeks (to develop obesity). Mice on a standard diet were used as age‐matched controls. Helios expression was evaluated as a marker to discriminate thymic‐derived from peripherally induced Tregs. The majority of Tregs in both adipose tissue and the spleen expressed Helios. Adipose tissue Tregs expressed higher levels of AdipoR1 than Tregs in the spleen. AdipoR1 expression on adipose tissue Helios+ Tregs was negatively correlated with epididymal fat. Overall, we show that AdipoR1 is expressed on adipose tissue‐resident Tregs, mainly Helios+ Tregs, and that this expression is dependent on weight and fat accumulation. Because both adiponectin and Tregs play roles in anti‐inflammatory mechanisms, our data propose a new mechanism through which weight gain might alter immunoregulation.
A selected reaction monitoring‐based analysis of acute phase proteins in interstitial fluids from experimental equine wounds healing by secondary intention
Authors: Bundgaard Louise , Bendixen Emøke , Sørensen Mette Aa. , Harman Victoria M. , Beynon Robert J. , Petersen Lars J. , Jacobsen Stine 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn horses, pathological healing with formation of exuberant granulation tissue (EGT) is a particular problem in limb wounds, whereas body wounds tend to heal without complications. Chronic inflammation has been proposed to be central to the pathogenesis of EGT. This study aimed to investigate levels of inflammatory acute phase proteins (APPs) in interstitial fluid from wounds in horses. A novel approach for absolute quantification of proteins, selected reaction monitoring (SRM)‐based mass spectrometry in combination with a quantification concatamer (QconCAT), was used for the quantification of five established equine APPs (fibrinogen, serum amyloid A, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, and plasminogen) and three proposed equine APPs (prothrombin, α‐2‐macroglobulin, and α‐1‐antitrypsin). Wound interstitial fluid was recovered by large pore microdialysis from experimental body and limb wounds from five horses at days 1, 2, 7, and 14 after wounding and healing without (body) and with (limb) the formation of EGT. The QconCAT included proteotypic peptides representing each of the protein targets and was used to direct the design of a gene, which was expressed in Escherichia coli in a media supplemented with stable isotopes for metabolically labeling of standard peptides. Co‐analysis of wound interstitial fluid samples with the stable isotope‐labeled QconCAT tryptic peptides in known amounts enabled quantification of the APPs in absolute terms. The concentrations of fibrinogen, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, prothrombin, and α‐1‐antitrypsin in dialysate from limb wounds were significantly higher than in dialysate from body wounds. This is the first report of simultaneous analysis of a panel of APPs using the QconCAT‐SRM technology. The microdialysis technique in combination with the QconCAT‐SRM‐based approach proved useful for quantification of the investigated proteins in the wound interstitial fluid, and the results indicated that there is a state of sustained inflammation in equine wounds healing with formation of EGT.
Multimodal endocavitary ultrasound versus MRI and clinical findings in pre- and post-treatment advanced cervical cancer. Preliminary report.
Authors: Csutak Csaba , Badea Radu , Bolboacă Sorana D. , Ordeanu Claudia , Nagy Viorica M. , Fekete Zsolt , Chiorean Liliana , Dudea Sorin M. 
Published: February 2016

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of pre and post-therapy transrectal and transvaginal ultrasonography (TRUS, TVUS) with contrast enhancement and strain elastography compared with clinical examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the assessment of advanced stage cervical cancer. Material and methods: This was a prospective study, carried out over a period of nine months on subjects with advanced-stage cervical cancer (stage ≥IIB). All included patients were examined clinically and underwent abdomino-pelvic contrast enhanced MRI and multimodal US examinations (TRUS with strain elastography and contrast enhanced TVUS) at the time of diagnosis and after radiochemotherapy. Tumor size and staging at TRUS and TVUS was compared with the same data obtained by clinical examination and MRI. Pathology was the golden standard. Results: Eight patients accomplished the inclusion criteria. In five cases the tumor stage was identical on clinical and MRI examinations. In all cases parametrial infiltration was diagnosed by all pre-treatment examinations. No significant differences were observed in tumor size between clinical, US and MRI exams either at baseline or post-therapy, in native or post-contrast examinations. The size of the tumor evaluated pre-treatment proved to be significantly smaller post-contrast in both US and MRI examinations compared with the native images. Post-therapy, no significant differences were observed on US measured tumor dimensions when comparing native with post-contrast images. Oppositely, significant smaller dimensions were observed on post-contrast MRI compared with native scans. Conclusions: TRUS is accurate in the estimation of pre-therapy cervical cancer dimension. The post therapy tumor evaluation is better performed with MRI. The use of intravenous contrast agents on both examinations did not improved the accuracy of tumor evaluation pre or post-therapy.
EFSUMB COMPASS for Rheumatologists dissemination and implementation – an international survey.
Authors: Janta Iustina , Terslev Lene , Ammitzbøll-Danielsen Mads , Kosevoi-Tichie Alexandra , Berner-Hammer Hilde , Naredo Esperanza 
Published: February 2016

Aim: The European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB) competency assessment (COMPASS) for rheumatologists performing musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) was developed and published 2 years ago. It consists of a 3 level competency system. The objective of this study was to evaluate how the EFSUMB COMPASS has been disseminated and implemented and to assess the potential obstacles encountered. Materials and methods: A questionnaire was developed and distributed by e-mail to all rheumatologists certified as EFSUMB level 3. Results: Seventeen (85%) rheumatologists considered that the EFSUMB COMPASS is useful for training MSUS. The majority of them (17; 85%) had informed their colleagues or national rheumatology societies about the EFSUMB COMPASS. The most common obstacle encountered for the implementation of the COMPASS was the lack of time for supervision of the trainees (9; 45%). A total of 83 rheumatologists had been trained and assessed for competency in the three EFSUMB levels. Conclusion: This survey highlights the current status of EFSUMB COMPASS implementation in European countries with an expected increased number of rheumatologists being able to train and assess new trainees. Still, more efforts should be done for a higher implementation of EFSUMB COMPASS across European countries.