bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside-induced autophagy flux during differentiation of monocytic leukemia cells
Authors: Dembitz Vilma , Lalic Hrvoje , Visnjic Dora 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPharmacological modulators of AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK) have been suggested in treatment of cancer. The biguanide metformin and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) have been reported to inhibit proliferation of solid tumors and hematological malignancies, but their role in differentiation is less explored. Our previous study demonstrated that AICAR alone induced AMPK-independent expression of differentiation markers in monocytic U937 leukemia cells, and no such effects were observed in response to metformin. The aim of this study was to determine the mechanism of AICAR-mediated effects and to test for the possible role of autophagy in differentiation of leukemia cells. The results showed that AICAR-mediated effects on the expression of differentiation markers were not mimicked by A769662, a more specific direct AMPK activator. Long-term incubation of U937 cells with AICAR and other differentiation agents, all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, increased the expression of the autophagy marker LC3B-II, and these effects were not observed in response to metformin. Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses of U937 cells treated with bafilomycin A1 or transfected with mRFP-GFP-LC3 proved that the increase in the expression of LC3B-II was due to an increase in autophagy flux, and not to a decrease in lysosomal degradation. 3-Methyladenine inhibited the expression of differentiation markers in response to all inducers, but had stimulatory effects on autophagy flux at dose that effectively inhibited the production of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. The small inhibitory RNA-mediated down-modulation of Beclin 1 and hVPS34 had no effects on AICAR and ATRA-mediated increase in the expression of differentiation markers. These results show that AICAR and other differentiation agents induce autophagy flux in U937 cells and that the effects of AICAR and ATRA on the expression of differentiation markers do not depend on the normal levels of key proteins of the classical or canonical autophagy pathway.
Innovative Sturzprävention
Authors: Rogan Slavko 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungÄltere Menschen haben ein erhöhtes Sturzrisiko: Ihre Sensomotorik nimmt ebenso ab wie kognitive Leistungen und Aufmerksamkeitsspanne.
Anspruchsvolle Doppelaufgaben halten fit und trainieren körperliche Leistungsfähigkeit und Gedächtnis. In der Therapie finden heute auch
elektronische Tanz-Videospiele ihren Platz.
A panorama of valency changing operations in Seri
Authors: Marlett Stephen A. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The Seri language displays several valency changing operations, most of which are robustly attested and used. This paper presents a panorama of these operations. Evidence from the morphology, sensitive as it is to transitivity, helps in the consideration of possible analyses. Some of the operations, such as passive, unspecified subject, antipassive (implicit argument type) and causative, are straightforward in their respective analyses, as well as being common cross-linguistically. Other operations, including the impersonal passive of transitive verbs, the age construction, the times construction and the Experiencer subject construction, do not have counterparts in many other languages.
Geosmithia morbida, Thousand Cankers Disease of Black Walnut Pathogen, Was Found for the First Time in Southwestern Ohio
Authors: Fisher John R. , McCann David P. , Taylor Nancy J. 
Published: October 2017

Thousand cankers disease of walnut is a recently described disease caused by a newly described phytopathogenic fungus, Geosmithia morbida. G. morbida is now established in the Ohio landscape and has likely been present longer than initially suspected. Accepted for publication 28 October 2012. Published 1 December 2013.
Aberrant Patterns of Key Epithelial Basement Membrane Components in Keratoconus
Authors: Greene Carol Ann , Kuo Charisse , Sherwin Trevor 
Published: October 2017

Purpose:
In the cornea, the epithelial basement membrane (BM) plays an important role in maintaining corneal integrity and homeostasis. Aberrations in this vital structure are associated with several corneal pathologies including keratoconus. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of key structural components of the epithelial BM in keratoconic corneas and to identify and describe any aberrant patterns.

Methods:
Immunohistochemical labeling of key BM components including fibronectin, laminin, and type IV and VII collagen was performed in healthy and keratoconic corneas.

Results:
Clear changes in the BM components in the keratoconic corneas were seen with the key structural components either being absent or forming a discontinuous pattern. Another aberrant pattern, the expression of BM proteins, particularly fibronectin, laminin, and type IV collagen, in the anterior stroma of keratoconic corneas was also observed.

Conclusions:
These results indicate the activation of keratocytes into the fibroblast and myofibroblast wound phenotypes and the potential source of corneal scarring commonly observed in keratoconic corneas. Our data also support the hypothesis of dysregulated collagen synthesis and breakdown in the keratoconic cornea, in particular, the BM, and suggest a role for the BM in initiation and progression of keratoconus.
The Impact of Random Models on Clustering Similarity
Authors: Gates Alexander J. , Ahn Yong-Yeol 
Published: October 2017

AbstractClustering is a central approach for unsupervised learning. After clustering is applied, the most fundamental analysis is to quantitatively compare clusterings. Such comparisons are crucial for the evaluation of clustering methods as well as other tasks such as consensus clustering. It is often argued that, in order to establish a baseline, clustering similarity should be assessed in the context of a random ensemble of clusterings. The prevailing assumption for the random clustering ensemble is the permutation model in which the number and sizes of clusters are fixed. However, this assumption does not necessarily hold in practice; for example, multiple runs of K-means clustering returns clusterings with a fixed number of clusters, while the cluster size distribution varies greatly. Here, we derive corrected variants of two clustering similarity measures (the Rand index and Mutual Information) in the context of two random clustering ensembles in which the number and sizes of clusters vary. In addition, we study the impact of one-sided comparisons in the scenario with a reference clustering. The consequences of different random models are illustrated using synthetic examples, handwriting recognition, and gene expression data. We demonstrate that the choice of random model can have a drastic impact on the ranking of similar clustering pairs, and the evaluation of a clustering method with respect to a random baseline; thus, the choice of random clustering model should be carefully justified.
Carbon pool trends and dynamics within a subtropical peatland during long-term restoration
Authors: Julian Paul , Gerber Stefan , Wright Alan L. , Gu Binhe , Osborne Todd Z. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe Florida Everglades has undergone significant ecological change spanning the continuum of disturbance to restoration. While the restoration effort is not complete and the ecosystem continues to experience short duration perturbations, a better understanding of long-term C dynamics of the Everglades is needed to facilitate new restoration efforts. This study evaluated temporal trends of different aquatic carbon (C) pools of the northern Everglades Protection Area over a 20-year period to gauge historic C cycling patterns. Dissolved inorganic C (DIC), dissolved organic C (DOC), particulate organic C (POC), and surface water carbon dioxide (pCO2(aq)) were investigated between May 1, 1994 and April 30, 2015.ResultsAnnual mean concentrations of DIC, DOC, POC, and pCO2(aq)significantly decreased through time or remained constant across the Water Conservation Areas (WCAs). Overall, the magnitude of the different C pools in the water column significantly differed between regions. Outgassing of CO2was dynamic across the Everglades ranging from 420 to 2001 kg CO2yr-1. Overall the historic trend in CO2flux from the marsh declined across our study area while pCO2(aq)largely remained somewhat constant with the exception of Water Conservation Area 2 which experienced significant declines in pCO2(aq). Particulate OC concentrations were consistent between WCAs, but a significantly decreasing trend in annual POC concentrations were observed.ConclusionsHydrologic condition and nutrient inputs significantly influenced the balance, speciation, and flux of C pools across WCAs suggesting a subsidy-stress response in C dynamics relative to landscape scale responses in nutrient availability. The interplay between nutrient inputs and hydrologic condition exert a driving force on the balance between DIC and DOC production via the metabolism of organic matter which forms the base of the aquatic foodweb. Along the restoration trajectory as water quality and hydrology continues to improve it is expected that C pools will respond accordingly.
Saving motives, gender, and the use of financial advisory services
Authors: Hermansson Cecilia 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand if and how saving motives can predict bank customers’ use of financial advisory services. In addition, it analyzes possible gender differences regarding this relationship.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a large and unique sample of Swedish bank customers, combining objective bank register data with subjective data from a questionnaire. A probit regression is used. Since decisions regarding the use of financial advisory services can be influenced by, e.g., age, wealth, gender and marital status, the author analyzes results at both the overall level and the group level.FindingsAll three saving motives are found to be predictors, i.e., motives to save for wealth, retirement, and a rainy day (with opposite sign). Only the motive to save for retirement is significant for both women and men. Wealth differences seem more important than gender differences, except for the rainy day motive where gender differences are observed also among the wealthy.Practical implicationsThe study is important since there is a need for financial advisors to understand their customers’ context, including motives to save. Saving motives involving longer time horizons and more uncertainty are likely to predict the use of financial advisory services.Originality/valueThis paper is original because it deepens the understanding of the relationship between saving motives and customers’ use of financial advisory services, focusing also on the aspect of gender differences, while controlling for demographics and socioeconomics, and customers’ interest and confidence in financial matters, risk tolerance, and financial literacy.
Chatbots for troubleshooting: A survey
Authors: Thorne Camilo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractChatbots are artificial agents designed to engage in text‐based conversations (chats) with end users. They can be seen as a restricted kind of dialog system that deals with written rather than spoken language. They have been an object of research in academia and industry since the early days of artificial intelligence and computational linguistics. This paper intends to survey a specific subtype of chatbots, troubleshooting chatbots, which are chatbots that aim at automating troubleshooting contact centers and services. Troubleshooting chatbots have inspired considerable interest in industry due to their cost savings potential.
Two Methods to Calibrate the Total Travel Demand and Variability for a Regional Traffic Network
Authors: Wen Tao , Gardner Lauren , Dixit Vinayak , Waller S. Travis , Cai Chen , Chen Fang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis article proposes a novel methodology that uses the bi‐level programming formulation to calibrate the expected total demand and the corresponding demand variability of traffic networks. In the bi‐level formulation the upper‐level is either a new maximum likelihood estimation method or a least squares method and the lower‐level is the strategic user equilibrium assignment model (StrUE) which accounts for the day‐to‐day demand volatility. The maximum likelihood method proposed in this article has the ability to utilize information from day‐to‐day observed link flows to provide a unique estimation of the total demand distribution, whereas the least squares method is capable of capturing link flow variations. The lower‐level StrUE model can take the total demand distribution as input, and output a set of link flow distributions which can then be compared to the link‐level observations. The mathematical proof demonstrates the convexity of the model, and the sensitivity to the prediction error is analytically derived. Numerical analysis is conducted to illustrate the efficiency and sensitivity of the proposed model. Some possible future research is discussed in the conclusion.
Studying Religions with the Iron Curtain Closed and Open
Authors: Alles Gregory D. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This essay reflects especially on the insights that the volume under discussion offers to someone who grew up in the United States during the 1960s and for whom the region behind the Iron Curtain was largely unfamiliar territory. It notes the overarching political frame of the volume, both geographically—the study of religions in various nations—and chronologically—the study of religions in the pre-Communist, Communist, and post-Communist periods. It comments on the different political role that the study of religions played in Eastern Europe, where it contributed to movements of liberation, as distinct from the role it played in Western Europe and North America, where it was often the servant of colonialism. It also suggests that the volume leaves open for future research various questions about the enterprise of scientific atheism during the Communist period and its relation to the study of religions on both sides of the former Iron Curtain today.
Community Global Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) Package (CGOP): Perfect Observations Simulation Validation
Authors: Boukabara Sid-Ahmed , Ide Kayo , Shahroudi Narges , Zhou Yan , Zhu Tong , Li Ruifang , Cucurull Lidia , Atlas Robert , Casey Sean P. F. , Hoffman Ross N. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe simulation of observations—a critical Community Global Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) Package (CGOP) component—is validated first by a comparison of error-free simulated observations for the first 24 h at the start of the nature run (NR) to the real observations for those sensors that operated during that period. Sample results of this validation are presented here for existing low-Earth-orbiting (LEO) infrared (IR) and microwave (MW) brightness temperature (BT) observations, for radio occultation (RO) bending angle observations, and for various types of conventional observations. For sensors not operating at the start of the NR, a qualitative validation is obtained by comparing geographic and statistical characteristics of observations over the initial day for such a sensor and an existing similar sensor. The comparisons agree, with no significant unexplained bias, and to within the uncertainties caused by real observation errors, time and space collocation differences, radiative transfer uncertainties, and differences between the NR and reality. To validate channels of a proposed future MW sensor with no equivalent existing spaceborne sensor channel, multiple linear regression is used to relate these channels to existing similar channels. The validation then compares observations simulated from the NR to observations predicted by the regression relationship applied to actual real observations of the existing channels. Overall, the CGOP simulations of error-free observations from conventional and satellite platforms that make up the global observing system are found to be reasonably accurate and suitable as a starting point for creating realistic simulated observations for OSSEs. These findings complete a critical step in the CGOP validation, thereby reducing the caveats required when interpreting the OSSE results.
Implementing magnetic resonance imaging into clinical routine screening in patients with psychosis?
Authors: Borgwardt Stefan , Schmidt André 
Published: October 2017

SummaryIn this issue, Falkenberg et al explore the practicability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as part of the initial clinical assessment in patients with first-episode psychosis and the prevalence, nature and clinical significance of radiological abnormalities in these patients. They provide evidence for the use of MRI data to detect gross brain abnormalities. In addition, improvements in quantitative analyses makes MRI an indispensable tool to elucidate the neurobiological substrates that might underlie primary (or idiopathic) psychotic illness.
Mental capacity legislation in the UK: systematic review of the experiences of adults lacking capacity and their carers
Authors: Wilson Sam 
Published: October 2017

Aims and methodCapacity legislation in the UK allows substitute decision-making for adults lacking capacity. Research has explored the experiences of such adults and their carers in relation to the Adults with Incapacity (Scotland) Act 2000, and the Mental Capacity Act 2005 in England and Wales. A systematic review of the relevant research was performed using a framework method.ResultsThe legislation provided mechanisms for substitute decision-making which were seen as useful, but there were negative experiences. Decision-making did not always seem to follow the legislative principles. Awareness of the legislation was limited. Most research was qualitative and some was of low methodological quality. Data were too heterogeneous to allow comparisons between English and Scottish law.Clinical implicationsCapacity legislation was generally viewed positively. However, some experiences were perceived negatively, and the potential benefits of the legislation were not always utilised.
The cognitive therapy of depression rests on substantial theoretical, empirical and clinical foundations: a reply to Dr Gipps
Authors: Moorey Stirling 
Published: October 2017

SummaryDr Gipps claims that the cognitive therapy for depression rests on a mistake. But his anachronistic analysis of Beck's early research from the perspective of current psychoanalytic theory misses the point. The value of the research was not that it disproved psychoanalytic theory, but that it generated a model of depression that has revolutionised psychotherapy research. Psychoanalysts are belatedly adopting research methods that Beck pioneered half a century ago. The cognitive model of depression has explanatory power for both maintenance and vulnerability and has substantial research underpinning it. Cognitive therapy for depression has a larger body of evidence for its efficacy and relapse prevention effect than any other psychotherapy. Transference-focused approaches to depression have yet to establish themselves in the same way.
Post-Earnings-Announcement Drift and the Return Predictability of Earnings Levels: One Effect or Two?
Authors: Kausar Asad 
Published: October 2017

This paper examines whether earnings levels predict future returns distinct from earnings changes. I find that the predictive ability of earnings levels is subsumed by and is not incremental to the predictive ability of earnings changes. Specifically, I find that trading strategies based on net income, operating profitability, and gross profitability do not earn significant abnormal returns after controlling for earnings changes. My evidence suggests that these anomalies are an artifact of post-earnings-announcement drift and the failure to properly control for earnings changes. Data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2838 . This paper was accepted by Mary Barth, accounting.
Toxic shock in children with bone and joint infections: A review of seven years of patients admitted to one intensive care unit
Authors: Kerr D. L. , Loraas E. K. , Links A. C. , Brogan T. V. , Schmale G. A. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose The objective of this study was to compare the frequency of severe systemic, multi-organ involvement and toxic shock syndrome (TSS) in patients with Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Group A β-haemolytic Streptococcus pyogenes (GABS) bone and joint infections. Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients treated for septic arthritis or osteomyelitis at one children's hospital between 2002 and 2009. The rates of intensive care unit (ICU) admission for methicillin-sensitive SA (MSSA), methicillin-resistant SA (MRSA) and GABS infections were compared, as were the lengths of stay, number of surgeries, operative procedures and cases of TSS. Results A total of 16 of 208 patients (7.7%) with culture-positive bone or joint infections were admitted to the ICU for critical illness: more commonly for patients with GABS infection (7/21 or 33%) than those with SA infection (6/132 or 5%) (odds ratio 10.55, 95% confidence interval 3.093 to 35.65, p = 0.0002). Patients with MRSA infections were significantly more likely to need ICU care than those with MSSA infection (p = 0.0009). Six of the ICU patients met the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for TSS. ICU patients with MRSA and GABS bone and joint infections had similar hospital courses: numerous surgeries (mean three per patient); procedures performed (mean 11 per patient); and prolonged hospital stays. Conclusion We found a greater likelihood of patients developing severe, multi-system involvement with bone and joint infections caused by GABS or MRSA when compared with MSSA. Early aggressive treatment of systemic shock and liberal decompressions of infected joints may limit the sequelae of these serious infections.