bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FOPID Controlled Three Stage Interleaved Boost Converter Fed DC Motor Drive
Authors: Bharathi M.L , Kirubakaran D. 
Published: January 2018

Three stage Interleaved boost converter is a good choice between DC source and DC motor. This work deals with enhancement of response of three stage ILBC fed DC motor drive system using FOPID controller. Closed loop ILBCDCM systems controlled by PI &amp; FOPID are modeled and simulated. The results are presented for PI &amp; FOPID controlled ILBCDCM systems. The comparison of response is done in terms of settling time and steady state error in speed of ILBCDCM. The results indicate that FOPID controlled ILBCDCM gives better response than PI controlled ILBCDCM system.
LumenRECON Guidewire
Authors: Nair Pradeep K. , Carr Jeffrey G. , Bigelow Brian , Bhatt Deepak L. , Berwick Zachary C. , Adams George 
Published: January 2018

Background—
Proper vessel sizing during endovascular interventions is crucial to avoid adverse procedural and clinical outcomes. LumenRECON (LR) is a novel, nonimaging, 0.035-inch wire-based technology that uses the physics-based principle of Ohm’s law to provide a simple, real-time luminal size while also providing a platform for therapy delivery. This study evaluated the accuracy, reliability, and safety of the LR system in patients presenting for a femoropopliteal artery intervention.

Methods and Results—

This multicenter, prospective pilot study of 24 patients presenting for peripheral intervention compared LR measurements of femoropopliteal artery size to angiographic visual estimation, duplex ultrasound, quantitative angiography, and intravascular ultrasound. The primary effectiveness and safety end point was comparison against core laboratory adjudicated intravascular ultrasound values and major adverse events, respectively. Additional preclinical studies were also performed in vitro and in vivo in swine to determine the accuracy of the LR guidewire system. No intra- or postprocedure device-related adverse events occurred. A balloon or stent was successfully delivered in 12 patients (50%) over the LR wire. Differences in repeatability between successive LR measurements was 2.5±0.40% (
R
2
=0.96) with no significant bias. Differences in measurements of LR to other modalities were 0.5±1.7%, 5.0±1.8%, −1.5±2.0%, and 6.8±3.4% for intravascular ultrasound core laboratory, quantitative angiography, angiographic, and duplex ultrasound, respectively.

Conclusions—
This study demonstrates that through a physics-based principle, LR provides a real-time, safe, reproducible, and accurate vessel size of the femoropopliteal artery during intervention and can additionally serve as a conduit for therapy delivery over its wire-based platform.
Impact of Clopidogrel Therapy on Mortality and Cancer in Patients With Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease
Authors: Elmariah Sammy , Doros Gheorghe , Benavente Oscar R. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Connolly Stuart J. , Yusuf Salim , Steinhubl Steven R. , Liu Yuyin , Hsieh Wen-Hua , Yeh Robert W. , Mauri Laura 
Published: January 2018

Background—
Clinical trial data associate extended clopidogrel therapy with increased mortality and cancer. We sought to determine the impact of continued clopidogrel use on mortality and cancer within a patient-level meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Methods and Results—

Meta-analytic clinical event rates for all-cause, cardiovascular, noncardiovascular, and cancer-related mortality; cancer; myocardial infarction; stroke; and fatal and major nonfatal bleeding were generated using patient-level data from 6 randomized trials comparing prolonged versus no or short-duration clopidogrel on a background of aspirin in patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Among 48 817 randomized patients (median follow-up 546 days), there was no difference in all-cause (7.23% versus 7.26%;
P
=0.97), cardiovascular (5.25% versus 5.22%;
P
=0.86), noncardiovascular (1.98% versus 2.03%;
P
=0.73), and cancer-related (0.93% versus 0.99%;
P
=0.59) mortality or in new cancer diagnoses (2.97% versus 2.96%;
P
>0.99). Rates of myocardial infarction (3.21% versus 4.05%;
P
<0.0001) and stroke (3.04% versus 3.75%;
P
<0.0001) were significantly lower in patients receiving continued clopidogrel. Fatal bleeding was more common with continued clopidogrel use (0.39% versus 0.27%;
P
=0.03), as were major nonfatal bleeding (4.06% versus 2.68%;
P
<0.0001) and intracranial hemorrhage (0.43% versus 0.30%;
P
=0.02).

Conclusions—
Across trials of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, extended-duration clopidogrel on a background of aspirin has no overall effect on mortality or cancer but does reduce rates of myocardial infarction and stroke and increase rates of bleeding. These findings emphasize the need for selective use of extended clopidogrel therapy in patients in whom the risks of ischemia are not fully counterbalanced by the risks of bleeding.
Species composition and distribution of thrips (Thysanoptera) in mango orchards of China
Authors: Chen Jun-yu , Gao Yu-lin , Han Dong-yin , Li Lei , Zhang Fang-ping , Niu Li-ming , Fu Yue-guan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMango is an important tropical fruit, and thrips are important pests that have threatened mango yield and quality in recent years. It is important to determine the dominant species and distribution of thrips in mango for effective thrips control. In the present study, the species of thrips in mango flowers in the five main mango-producing provinces of China, and the species of thrips in different phenological stages of mango in Hainan Province were investigated. Thrips species on weeds in mango agroecosystems were also determined. The results indicated that in total there are 41 species of thrips in mango orchards in the five main mango-producing provinces of China, belonging to 21 genera, five subfamilies and three families. These are 31 species in 13 genera of Thripidae, nine species in seven genera of Phlaeothripidae, and one species in one genus of Aeolothripidae. The major species of thrips differed across the main mango production areas. Thus, 26, 17, 23, 12 and 7 species of thrips were collected in mango orchards in Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan, Sichuan and Fujian, respectively.Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande), an important invasive pest in China, was only discovered in mango orchards in Yunnan and Sichuan. Thrips species and population dynamics are closely related to the phenological stage of mango. In Hainan, the dominant thrips species during the shoot period and young fruit stage wasScirtothrips dorsalisHood. In the flowering period, the thrips population increased significantly and species composition became complicated in the field, withThrips hawaiiensisandF. intonsabeing the dominant species.Frankliniella intonsaandT. hawaiiensiswere the dominant species on weeds in the mango ecosystem, which was consistent with them being dominant thrips species on mango. It is speculated that in mango ecosystems, weeds provide refuge to thrips and removing weeds benefits thrips control in mango orchards during the flowering period.
The Global N2O Model Intercomparison Project
Authors: Tian Hanqin , Yang Jia , Lu Chaoqun , Xu Rongting , Canadell Josep G. , Jackson Robert B. , Arneth Almut , Chang Jinfeng , Chen Guangsheng , Ciais Philippe , Gerber Stefan , Ito Akihiko , Huang Yuanyuan , Joos Fortunat , Lienert Sebastian , Messina Palmira , Olin Stefan , Pan Shufen , Peng Changhui , Saikawa Eri , Thompson Rona L. , Vuichard Nicolas , Winiwarter Wilfried , Zaehle Sönke , Zhang Bowen , Zhang Kerou , Zhu Qiuan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractNitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas and also an ozone-depleting substance that has both natural and anthropogenic sources. Large estimation uncertainty remains on the magnitude and spatiotemporal patterns of N2O fluxes and the key drivers of N2O production in the terrestrial biosphere. Some terrestrial biosphere models have been evolved to account for nitrogen processes and to show the capability to simulate N2O emissions from land ecosystems at the global scale, but large discrepancies exist among their estimates primarily because of inconsistent input datasets, simulation protocol, and model structure and parameterization schemes. Based on the consistent model input data and simulation protocol, the global N2O Model Intercomparison Project (NMIP) was initialized with 10 state-of-the-art terrestrial biosphere models that include nitrogen (N) cycling. Specific objectives of NMIP are to 1) unravel the major N cycling processes controlling N2O fluxes in each model and identify the uncertainty sources from model structure, input data, and parameters; 2) quantify the magnitude and spatial and temporal patterns of global and regional N2O fluxes from the preindustrial period (1860) to present and attribute the relative contributions of multiple environmental factors to N2O dynamics; and 3) provide a benchmarking estimate of N2O fluxes through synthesizing the multimodel simulation results and existing estimates from ground-based observations, inventories, and statistical and empirical extrapolations. This study provides detailed descriptions for the NMIP protocol, input data, model structure, and key parameters, along with preliminary simulation results. The global and regional N2O estimation derived from the NMIP is a key component of the global N2O budget synthesis activity jointly led by the Global Carbon Project and the International Nitrogen Initiative.
Seasonal Winter Forecasts of the Northern Stratosphere and Troposphere: Results from JMA Seasonal Hindcast Experiments
Authors: Taguchi Masakazu 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This study investigates winter forecasts of the northern stratosphere and troposphere using seasonal hindcast experiments of the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). A main focus is placed on the seasonal forecasts of the December–February (DJF)-mean northern annular mode (NAM) when the forecasts are initialized in late fall. Results demonstrate that the hindcast data have significant skill for both ensemble-mean and category (probability) forecasts of the NAM but only in the stratosphere. Probability forecasts for DJF major stratospheric sudden warmings (MSSWs) are also suggested to be significant (higher probabilities for actual MSSW years) near the 90% confidence level. The forecast skill of the stratospheric NAM changes with the observed phase of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), although the QBO is not simulated but is only included in initial conditions. The skill is higher for the easterly phase, characterized by hits of negative NAM states (weaker-than-normal polar vortex), whereas it is lower for the westerly phase, reflecting misses of positive NAM states. It is finally shown that a verification score for category forecasts of the stratospheric and tropospheric NAM tends to covary as a whole. The tropospheric forecast skill is significant when the stratosphere has large NAM anomalies in the real world and they are well forecasted. In contrast, the tropospheric forecasts are sometimes poor when the stratospheric forecasts fail to capture observed NAM conditions. It is speculated that stratospheric and tropospheric forecasts could be improved together through the stratosphere–troposphere coupling for such cases, that is, by successfully forecasting anomalous vortex states in the stratosphere.
Turbulence from Breaking Surface Waves at a River Mouth
Authors: Zippel Seth F. , Thomson Jim , Farquharson Gordon 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObservations of surface waves, currents, and turbulence at the Columbia River mouth are used to investigate the source and vertical structure of turbulence in the surface boundary layer. Turbulent velocity data collected on board freely drifting Surface Wave Instrument Float with Tracking (SWIFT) buoys are corrected for platform motions to estimate turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and TKE dissipation rates. Both of these quantities are correlated with wave steepness, which has previously been shown to determine wave breaking within the same dataset. Estimates of the turbulent length scale increase linearly with distance from the free surface, and roughness lengths estimated from velocity statistics scale with significant wave height. The vertical decay of turbulence is consistent with a balance between vertical diffusion and dissipation. Below a critical depth, a power-law scaling commonly applied in the literature works well to fit the data. Above this depth, an exponential scaling fits the data well. These results, which are in a surface-following reference frame, are reconciled with results from the literature in a fixed reference frame. A mapping between free-surface and mean-surface reference coordinates suggests 30% of the TKE is dissipated above the mean sea surface.
Applying Stavenhagen’s Analytical Approach to Research on Argentine Agrarian Social Structure
Authors: Chazarreta Adriana 
Published: January 2018

Rodolfo Stavenhagen’s analytical approach, as laid out in his 1965 “Seven Erroneous Theses about Latin America,” prioritized a dialectical perspective and relationships of functionality between two dynamics within a single structure and crystallized in fundamental conceptual proposals such as internal colonialism and a focus on the analysis of agrarian social structure. Application of the approach to current research problems in Argentina sheds light on the changes in agrarian social structure that have taken place in recent decades, in particular changes in dominant forms of land tenure, the relations of production, and the functional relationships between areas at different levels of development. La perspectiva analítica que Rodolfo Stavenhagen desarrolla en “Siete tesis equivocadas sobre América Latina ” prioriza la perspectiva dialéctica y las relaciones de funcionalidad entre dos dinámicas de una misma estructura y cristalizada en propuestas como el concepto de “colonialismo interno” y en el análisis de la estructura social agraria. La actualidad de este abordaje para definir algunos problemas de investigación que remiten a los cambios ocurridos en las últimas décadas en la estructura social agraria de Argentina arroja luz sobre cambios a las formas dominantes de propiedad y tenencia de la tierra, a las relaciones de producción en el agro y a las relaciones de funcionalidad que se establecen entre zonas o áreas de diferentes niveles de desarrollo.
Effect of Adipose‐Derived Stem Cells on Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Danan Deepa , Lehman Christine E. , Mendez Rolando E. , Langford Brian , Koors Paul D. , Dougherty Michael I. , Peirce Shayn M. , Gioeli Daniel G. , Jameson Mark J. 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivePatients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have significant wound‐healing difficulties. While adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) facilitate wound healing, ASCs may accelerate recurrence when applied to a cancer field. This study evaluates the impact of ASCs on HNSCC cell lines in vitro and in vivo.Study DesignIn vitro experiments using HNSCC cell lines and in vivo mouse experiments.SettingBasic science laboratory.Subjects and MethodsImpact of ASCs on in vitro proliferation, survival, and migration was assessed using 8 HNSCC cell lines. One cell line was used in a mouse orthotopic xenograft model to evaluate in vivo tumor growth in the presence and absence of ASCs.ResultsAddition of ASCs did not increase the number of HNSCC cells. In clonogenic assays to assess cell survival, addition of ASCs increased colony formation only in SCC9 cells (maximal effect 2.3‐fold, P <. 02) but not in other HNSCC cell lines. In scratch assays to assess migration, fluorescently tagged ASCs did not migrate appreciably and did not increase the rate of wound closure in HNSCC cell lines. Addition of ASCs to HNSCC xenografts did not increase tumor growth.ConclusionUsing multiple in vitro and in vivo approaches, ASCs did not significantly stimulate HNSCC cell proliferation or migration and increased survival in only a single cell line. These findings preliminarily suggest that the use of ASCs may be safe in the setting of HNSCC but that further investigation on the therapeutic use of ASCs in the setting of HNSCC is needed.
Diagnostic bone imaging in patients with prostate cancer: patient experience and acceptance of NaF-PET/CT, choline-PET/CT, whole-body MRI, and bone SPECT/CT
Authors: Dyrberg Eva , Larsen Emil L , Hendel Helle W , Thomsen Henrik S 
Published: January 2018

Background Patient acceptance is an important factor when implementing imaging methods in clinical practice in line with availability, diagnostic accuracy, and cost-effectiveness. Purpose To investigate patient experience and acceptance regarding18F-sodium fluoride (NaF) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), 11 C-choline-PET/CT, whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI), and 99mTc-hydroxymethane diphosphonate (HDP) single photon emission/computed tomography (SPECT/CT). Material and Methods One hundred and forty-nine patients with prostate cancer filled in a questionnaire regarding their experience of the imaging procedures they had been undergoing as part of a diagnostic accuracy study. Each patient had been undergoing a NaF-PET/CT, a WB-MRI, and either a SPECT/CT (group A) or a choline-PET/CT (group B). Results All four imaging methods received overall experience ratings at the favorable end of a 5-point Likert scale with the two PET/CT scans receiving marginally better average ratings (2.0) compared to SPECT/CT (2.2) and WB-MRI (2.3). The arm positioning above the head was the most uncomfortable part of the three nuclear medicine scans, whereas the acoustic noise was the most unpleasant part of the WB-MRI. The experience of staff instruction was relatively strongly correlated to the overall scanning experience of all four imaging modalities. Overall, the patients were willing to repeat the four imaging methods and NaF-PET/CT was the method most preferred in both groups. Conclusion Four imaging procedures were evaluated from the perspective of a selected group of prostate cancer patients. NaF-PET/CT, choline-PET/CT, WB-MRI, and bone SPECT/CT are well accepted imaging methods, and most patients prefer NaF-PET/CT.
Safety of galcanezumab in patients with episodic migraine: A randomized placebo-controlled dose-ranging Phase 2b study
Authors: Oakes Tina Marie Myers , Skljarevski Vladimir , Zhang Qi , Kielbasa William , Hodsdon Michael E , Detke Holland C , Camporeale Angelo , Saper Joel R 
Published: January 2018

Background Safety findings from a Phase 2b study of galcanezumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against calcitonin gene-related peptide, for prevention of migraine (NCT02163993) are reported here. Methods Patients aged 18–65 years with episodic migraine were evaluated in this multicenter, double-blind, randomized study. After randomization, 410 patients were administered 5, 50, 120 or 300 mg of galcanezumab or placebo subcutaneously once every 4 weeks for 12 weeks, followed by a post-treatment off-drug period lasting 12 weeks. Results Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were primarily rated as mild to moderate. Serious adverse events reported in galcanezumab dose groups were appendicitis, Crohn’s disease, suicidal ideation, and congenital ankyloglossia in an infant of a paternal pregnancy; each of these were reported by one patient. Adverse events leading to discontinuation with galcanezumab treatment were abdominal pain, visual impairment, and upper limb fracture, each reported by one patient. Treatment-emergent injection-site reactions were reported significantly more frequently ( p = 0.013) with galcanezumab (13.9%) than with placebo (5.8%). Injection-site pain was the most common injection-site reaction (galcanezumab 11.4%; placebo 2.9%, p = 0.004). Upper respiratory tract infection (galcanezumab 10.0%; placebo 8.8%) and nasopharyngitis (galcanezumab 7.0%; placebo 2.2%) also occurred more frequently with galcanezumab treatment. Potential hypersensitivity events were reported at similar frequencies in galcanezumab (3.3%) and placebo (5.1%) groups. Incidence of treatment-emergent anti-drug antibodies in galcanezumab dose groups (4.6% of patients during treatment period) did not appear to have any meaningful effects on safety, the pharmacokinetics of galcanezumab, or its ability to bind to the target ligand. Conclusion The results from this 3-month Phase 2b study support the initiation of larger Phase 3 trials of longer duration.
Risk Factors for Infection After Shoulder Arthroscopy in a Large Medicare Population
Authors: Cancienne Jourdan M. , Brockmeier Stephen F. , Carson Eric W. , Werner Brian C. 
Published: January 2018

Background: Shoulder arthroscopy is well established as a highly effective and safe procedure for the treatment for several shoulder disorders and is associated with an exceedingly low risk of infectious complications. Few data exist regarding risk factors for infection after shoulder arthroscopy, as previous studies were not adequately powered to evaluate for infection. Purpose: To determine patient-related risk factors for infection after shoulder arthroscopy by using a large insurance database. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The PearlDiver patient records database was used to query the 100% Medicare Standard Analytic Files from 2005 to 2014 for patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopy. Patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopy for a diagnosis of infection or with a history of prior infection were excluded. Postoperative infection within 90 days postoperatively was then assessed with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes for a diagnosis of postoperative infection or septic shoulder arthritis or a procedure for these indications. A multivariate binomial logistic regression analysis was then utilized to evaluate the use of an intraoperative steroid injection, as well as numerous patient-related risk factors for postoperative infection. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were calculated for each risk factor, with P < .05 considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 530,754 patients met all inclusion and exclusion criteria. There were 1409 infections within 90 days postoperatively (0.26%). Revision shoulder arthroscopy was the most significant risk factor for infection (OR, 3.25; 95% CI, 2.7-4.0; P < .0001). Intraoperative steroid injection was also an independent risk factor for postoperative infection (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.2-1.9; P = .002). There were also numerous independent patient-related risk factors for infection, the most significant of which were chronic anemia (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.4-1.8; P < .0001), malnutrition (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.2-1.7; P = .001), male sex (OR, 2.71; 95% CI, 2.4-3.1; P < .0001), morbid obesity (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.2-1.6; P < .0001), and depression (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.2-1.5; P < .0001). Conclusion: Intraoperative steroid injection was a significant independent risk factor for postoperative infection after shoulder arthroscopy. There were also numerous significant patient-related risk factors for postoperative infection, including revision surgery, obesity, male sex, chronic anemia, malnutrition, depression, and alcohol use, among others.