bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial neural network EMG classifier for functional hand grasp movements prediction
Authors: Gandolla Marta , Ferrante Simona , Ferrigno Giancarlo , Baldassini Davide , Molteni Franco , Guanziroli Eleonora , Cotti Cottini Michele , Seneci Carlo , Pedrocchi Alessandra 
Published: September 2016

Objective To design and implement an electromyography (EMG)-based controller for a hand robotic assistive device, which is able to classify the user's motion intention before the effective kinematic movement execution. Methods Multiple degrees-of-freedom hand grasp movements (i.e. pinching, grasp an object, grasping) were predicted by means of surface EMG signals, recorded from 10 bipolar EMG electrodes arranged in a circular configuration around the forearm 2–3 cm from the elbow. Two cascaded artificial neural networks were then exploited to detect the patient's motion intention from the EMG signal window starting from the electrical activity onset to movement onset (i.e. electromechanical delay). Results The proposed approach was tested on eight healthy control subjects (4 females; age range 25–26 years) and it demonstrated a mean ± SD testing performance of 76% ± 14% for correctly predicting healthy users' motion intention. Two post-stroke patients tested the controller and obtained 79% and 100% of correctly classified movements under testing conditions. Conclusion A task-selection controller was developed to estimate the intended movement from the EMG measured during the electromechanical delay.
Ethical climate and missed nursing care in cancer care units
Authors: Vryonides Stavros , Papastavrou Evridiki , Charalambous Andreas , Andreou Panayiota , Eleftheriou Christos , Merkouris Anastasios 
Published: September 2016

Background: Previous research has linked missed nursing care to nurses’ work environment. Ethical climate is a part of work environment, but the relationship of missed care to different types of ethical climate is unknown. Research objectives: To describe the types of ethical climate in adult in-patient cancer care settings, and their relationship to missed nursing care. Research design: A descriptive correlation design was used. Data were collected using the Ethical Climate Questionnaire and the MISSCARE survey tool, and analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation and analysis of variance. Participants and research context: All nurses from relevant units in the Republic of Cyprus were invited to participate. Ethical considerations: The research protocol has been approved according to national legislation, all licenses have been obtained, and respondents participated voluntarily after they have received all necessary information. Findings: Response rate was 91.8%. Five types identified were as follows: caring (M = 3.18, standard deviation = 1.39); law and code (M = 3.18, standard deviation = 0.96); rules (M = 3.17, standard deviation = 0.73); instrumental (M = 2.88, standard deviation = 1.34); and independence (M = 2.74, standard deviation = 0.94). Reported overall missed care (range: 1–5) was M = 2.51 (standard deviation = 0.90), and this was positively (p < 0.05) related to instrumental (r = 0.612) and independence (r = 0.461) types and negatively (p < 0.05) related to caring (r = −0.695), rules (r = −0.367), and law and code (r = −0.487). Discussion: The reported levels of missed care and the types of ethical climates present similarities and differences with the relevant literature. All types of ethical climate were related to the reported missed care. Conclusion: Efforts to reduce the influence of instrumental and independence types and fostering caring, law and code, and rules types might decrease missed nursing care. However, more robust evidence is needed.
Violence and self-harm in severe mental illness: inpatient study of associations with ethnicity, cannabis and alcohol
Authors: Dharmawardene Vajira , Menkes David B 
Published: September 2016

Objective: We examined the extent to which ethnicity, cannabis and alcohol use could predict prevalence of violence and self-harm in an inpatient psychiatric sample. Method: We collected demographic and clinical data in a series of 141 adult psychiatric inpatients in Hamilton, New Zealand. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and Cannabis Use Disorders Identification Test, Revised (CUDIT-R) were used to measure substance use. Clinical assessment and file review were used to verify histories of self-harm and violence. Results: It was found that 66% had a history of violence, 54% of self-harm, and 40% of both; only 20% had neither. Cannabis use was found to significantly predict lifetime history of violence ( p = 0.02); other independent variables (gender, age, ethnicity, alcohol use, psychiatric diagnosis) did not. Self-harm was strikingly predicted by female gender ( p < 0.001), as well as by measures both of cannabis ( p = 0.025) and alcohol use ( p = 0.036); age, ethnicity and diagnosis did not reach significance. Less than 10% of patients were engaged with drug or alcohol services. Conclusions: Cannabis use is a significant predictor of lifetime violence among the severely mentally ill, while both alcohol and cannabis use predict self-harm. Few affected patients receive specific treatment for substance use comorbidity.
The misleading concept of initial severity in depression clinical trials: development and results from a mathematical model
Authors: Fountoulakis Konstantinos N 
Published: September 2016

Objective: Recently, meta-analytic studies have suggested a positive relationship between initial severity and magnitude of treatment efficacy. The aim of the current study was to develop a mathematical model to test the assumption concerning the role of initial severity in treatment response. Methods: A number of experimental artificial datasets were developed on the basis of three different scenarios which reflect a pre-determined effect of initial severity. They were used to test for correlations at the patient level as well as at the meta-analysis level (trial level). Results: The results suggested that in all scenarios and analyses the correlations were so high that a ceiling effect was obvious. The testing concerned changes from baseline, but not differences between arms. Conclusions: Overall the data suggest that the question concerning the role of initial severity cannot be answered. Any allegations on such a role are based on flawed methodology and do not take into consideration the true nature of data.
The infant observation task as a tool in psychiatric practice
Authors: Ng Lillian , Bampton Chris , Stevens Seonaigh , Woods Penny 
Published: September 2016

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the method and relevance of infant observation as a unique and powerful learning tool for psychiatrists. Conclusion: Infant observation provides a privileged entry into an infant’s internal world to observe its earliest mental life. Weekly consecutive observations of the mother–baby dyad, combined with the process of supervision, enable identification of emergent and changing patterns in the relationship. The discipline of observation encourages attunement to the nuances of relationships, which provides a potent tool for application in other clinical settings.
Establishment and implementation of a psychiatry enrichment programme for medical students
Authors: Lyons Zaza 
Published: September 2016

Objective: There has been a growing interest in psychiatry enrichment programmes such as summer schools and institutes for medical students in the last 10 years. Evaluation of enrichment programmes shows that they can be an effective method of increasing students’ interest in psychiatry as a career. However, despite initial enthusiasm and motivation within an academic department, establishing a programme can be a daunting task. The aim of this paper is to provide a background of how to establish and implement a psychiatry summer school or institute. The steps that can be taken to establish and implement a psychiatry enrichment programme such as a summer school or institute are described and discussed. This includes how to structure a programme, content to include, costs and budget, programme promotion, selection of students and programme evaluation. Conclusion: Establishing an enrichment programme can provide academic departments of psychiatry with the opportunity to demonstrate excellence and innovation in teaching and positively promote psychiatry to students and other non-medical academics involved in medical education. For students interested in psychiatry, enrichment programmes have the potential to extend interest and knowledge beyond the curriculum and encourage serious consideration of psychiatry as a career.
Randomized Clinical Trial on Preventing Root Caries among Community-Dwelling Elders
Authors: Li R. , Lo E.C.M. , Liu B.Y. , Wong M.C.M. , Chu C.H. 
Published: September 2016

Dental root caries is a common disease among elders. More efforts on preventing this disease are needed. Silver diammine fluoride (SDF) is known to prevent dental caries in primary teeth. However, clinical evidence of its efficacy in preventing root surface caries is limited. This clinical trial aimed to compare the effectiveness of SDF in preventing root caries among elders in a water fluoridated area. A total of 323 elders who had at least 5 teeth with exposed root surfaces and who had self-care ability were randomly allocated into 3 intervention groups: group 1 (placebo control), annual application of tonic water; group 2, annual application of SDF solution; group 3, annual application of SDF solution, immediately followed by potassium iodide (KI) solution. Oral hygiene instructions and fluoride toothpaste were provided to all subjects. Status of dental root surface was assessed every 6 mo by the same independent examiner. After 30 mo, 257 (79.6%) elders were reviewed. The mean numbers of root surface with new caries experience in the control, SDF, and SDF/KI groups were 1.1, 0.4, and 0.5, respectively (analysis of variance, P < 0.001). Scheffe’s multiple comparison showed that elders who received placebo developed more new root caries lesions ( P < 0.05), while the difference between the SDF and SDF/KI groups was not statistically significant ( P > 0.05). Moreover, elders who had higher visible plaque index scores at 30-mo examination (analysis of covariance, P < 0.001) and those who had higher baseline DMFT scores (analysis of covariance, P = 0.005) developed more new root caries. It is concluded that annual application of SDF or SDF/KI solution is effective in preventing root caries among community-dwelling elders in a fluoridated area ( ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02360124). Knowledge Transfer Statement: Annual topical application of silver diammine fluoride or silver diammine fluoride / potassium iodide solution is effective in preventing dental root surface caries among community-dwelling elders in a fluoridated area.
The EMT transcription factor Zeb2 controls adult murine hematopoietic differentiation by regulating cytokine signaling
Authors: Li Jin , Riedt Tamara , Goossens Steven , Carrillo García Carmen , Szczepanski Sabrina , Brandes Maria , Pieters Tim , Dobrosch Linne , Gütgemann Ines , Farla Natalie , Radaelli Enrico , Hulpiau Paco , Mallela Nikhil , Fröhlich Holger , La Starza Roberta , Matteucci Caterina , Chen Tong , Brossart Peter , Mecucci Cristina , Huylebroeck Danny , Haigh Jody J. , Janzen Viktor 
Published: September 2016

Key Points
Zeb2 controls stem cell pool size and lineage fidelity. Zeb2 deletion promotes a myeloproliferative phenotype resembling the early stage of primary myelofibrosis.
Frontline Science: Human bone cells as a source of IL-27 under inflammatory conditions: role of TLRs and cytokines
Authors: Larousserie Frédérique , Bsiri Laura , Dumaine Valérie , Dietrich Céline , Audebourg Anne , Radenen-Bussière Brigitte , Anract Philippe , Vacher-Lavenu Marie-Cécile , Devergne Odile 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIL-27 regulates immune responses as well as hematopoiesis and bone remodeling, but its cellular sources in the bone remain unknown. In this study, we investigated whether osteoclasts and osteoblasts—the 2 cell types orchestrating bone homeostasis—could be a source of IL-27 and identified stimuli that induce its expression in vitro. We observed that human monocyte-derived osteoclasts expressed a broader range of TLRs than did human primary osteoblasts and that both cell types exhibited a differential induction of IL-27 expression in response to TLR or cytokine stimulation. Whereas several TLR agonists, notably TLR4 and TLR7/8 agonists, induced substantial expression of IL-27 by osteoclasts, stimulation of osteoblasts with agonists of TLR3 and/or TLR4—the 2 TLRs selectively expressed by these cells—resulted in no or low IL-27 expression. In addition, IL-27 increased TLR3 expression in osteoclasts and enhanced poly(I:C)-mediated induction of IL-27 in these cells. IFN-γ, when combined with either IL-1β plus TNF-α, IL-11, or CNTF, induced significant levels of IL-27 in osteoclasts but not in osteoblasts. In the latter cells, the addition of type I IFN, together with proinflammatory cytokines, was necessary to induce substantial levels of IL-27. Immunohistochemical studies of inflamed and remodeling bone tissue, including cases of infectious osteomyelitis and bone metastases, provided evidence that osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and occasionally osteocytes or chondrocytes, could express IL-27 in situ. This autocrine production of IL-27 by TLR- or cytokine-activated bone cells might constitute a negative-feedback mechanism to limit bone erosion and to dampen T cell–mediated immune pathology during bone inflammation.
Autoimmune Diseases in Children and Adults With Type 1 Diabetes From the T1D Exchange Clinic Registry
Authors: Hughes Jing W. , Riddlesworth Tonya D. , DiMeglio Linda A. , Miller Kellee M. , Rickels Michael R. , McGill Janet B. ,   for the T1D Exchange Clinic Network
Published: September 2016

Background and Aims:Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with other autoimmune diseases (AIDs), but the prevalence and associated predictive factors for these comorbidities of T1D across all age groups have not been fully characterized.Materials and Methods:Data obtained from 25 759 participants with T1D enrolled in the T1D Exchange Registry were used to analyze the types and frequency of AIDs as well as their relationships to gender, age, and race/ethnicity. Diagnoses of autoimmune diseases, represented as ordinal categories (0, 1, 2, 3, or more AIDs) were obtained from medical records of Exchange Registry participants.Results:Among the 25 759 T1D Exchange participants, 50% were female, 82% non-Hispanic white, mean age was 23.0 ± 16.9 years and mean duration of diabetes was 11 years. Of these participants, 6876 (27%) were diagnosed with at least one AID. Frequency of two or more AIDs increased from 4.3% in participants aged younger than 13 years to 10.4% in those aged 50 years or older. The most common AIDs were thyroid (6097, 24%), gastrointestinal (1530, 6%), and collagen vascular diseases (432, 2%). Addison’s disease was rare (75, 0.3%). The prevalence of one or more AIDs was increased in females and non-Hispanic whites and with older age.Conclusions:In the T1D Exchange Clinic Registry, a diagnosis of one or more AIDs in addition to T1D is common, particularly in women, non-Hispanic whites, and older individuals. Results of this study have implications for both primary care and endocrine practice and will allow clinicians to better anticipate and manage the additional AIDs that develop in patients with T1D.
Antibacterial properties and reduction of MRSA biofilm with a dressing combining polyabsorbent fibres and a silver matrix
Authors: Desroche N. , Dropet C. , Janod P. , Guzzo J. 
Published: September 2016

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of a wound dressing which combines polyacrylate fibres and a silver lipido-colloid matrix (UrgoClean Ag, silver polyabsorbent dressing), against biofilm of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Method: Samples of silver polyabsorbent dressing and the neutral form of this dressing (UrgoClean) were applied to biofilms of MRSA formed on a collagen I-coated surface, cultured for 24 hours. Different exposure times were tested (1, 2, 4 and 7 days) without dressing change. The biofilm reduction was quantified by using culture methods and by confocal laser scanning microscopy experiments. Results: The application of the silver polyabsorbent dressing resulted in a significant decrease of the biofilm population by a log reduction of 4.6, after 24 hours of exposure. Moreover, the antibiofilm activity was maintained for 7 days with reduction values up to 4 log (reduction of biofilm superior to 99.99%). The application of the neutral dressing also induced a significant reduction of the concentration of sessile cells after 1 day (about 0.90 log). The results obtained with this neutral form of the dressing showed that the polyacrylate fibres were able to exert a mechanical disruption of the biofilm architecture. Conclusion: These in vitro experiments demonstrated that silver polyabsorbent dressing was able to strongly reduce the biofilm of MRSA. The antibiofilm mechanism of this dressing can be explained by a dual action of the polyabsorbent fibres (based on ammonium polyacrylate polymer around an acrylic core) which induced a mechanical disruption of the biofilm matrix and/or a sequestration of sessile cells, and the diffusion of silver ions which produced bactericidal activity. Declaration of interest: This study was supported by Laboratoires Urgo (Dijon). P. Janod is an employee of Laboratoires Urgo. The company had no influence on the experimental design and the interpretation of the results.
Strontium-Modified Bacterial Cellulose and a Polyvinylidene Fluoride Composite as an Electroactive Material
Authors: Ummartyotin S. , Thiangtham S. , Manuspiya H. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Sr2+ was chemically grafted onto the hydroxyl position of bacterial cellulose. Fourier transform infrared and UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to evaluate the chemical bonding of the modified bacterial cellulose structure. Then a chemical bond between Sr-O was formed. The presence of strontium was confirmed using X-ray fluorescence. A significant enhancement in the dielectric properties was observed. Next, a small amount of modified bacterial cellulose was prepared as a binary blend composite. The ratio between polyvinylidene fluoride and the modified bacterial cellulose was investigated. They had superior thermal stability and mechanical properties compared with the neat modified bacterial cellulose. The degradation temperature was higher than 300°C. The outstanding property of the composite was its flexibility. The excellent properties of the composite of modified bacterial cellulose and polyvinylidene fluoride make it a good electroactive biocomposite candidate.
Nachhaltige Entwicklung und Globalisierung
Authors: Bartmann Hermann , Schwaab Jan 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Nachhaltigkeit und Beschäftigung werden in der Literatur und Politik vorwiegend als Spannungsfeld diskutiert. Diese Sicht ist unseres Erachtens vordergründig und beruht auf einer verkürzten Wahrnehmung der Beziehungen zwischen Ökologie und Ökonomie. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird herausgearbeitet, dass sich die Kontroverse primär auf paradigmatische Gründe zurückführen lässt. Vor dem Hintergrund einer ökologisch-ökonomischen Auseinandersetzung mit dem neoklassischen Wachstumsparadigma werden dann die Grundlinien einer sozial-ökologischen Beschäftigungsstrategie erarbeitet. Diese umfasst – außer einer Beachtung von Ressourcen- und Tragfähigkeitsgrenzen – auch Effizienz- und Suffizienzansätze in Richtung technischer, sozialer und institutioneller Innovationsstrategien. Dabei wird auch auf die im Globalisierungszeitalter zu beachtenden internationalen Interdependenzen eingegangen.
Arbeit, Nachhaltigkeit und Beschäftigung
Authors: Zinn Karl Georg 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Die Analyse der Zusammenhänge von nachhaltigem Wirtschaften einerseits und Wachstum, Beschäftigung und Strukturwandel andererseits steht im Mittelpunkt. Anhand jüngst publizierten makroökonomischen Szenarien sowie einem mesoökonomischen Beispiel aus dem Wohnungsbau werden die Wachstums- und Beschäftigungswirkungen ökologisch orientierten Interventionismus auch quantitativ umrissen. Die Integration der Nachhaltigkeitspolitik in den langfristigen Strukturwandel bietet die Möglichkeit, der säkularen Wachstumsabschwächung zumindest temporär entgegen zu wirken.
UCA1, a long noncoding RNA, promotes the proliferation of CRC cells via p53/p21 signaling
Authors: Yi Shen , Xiao-jiang Ying , Zhen-jun Li , Gang Li , Wu-jin Xue , Wei-xia Jie 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectiveRecently, the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in human colorectal cancer (CRC) has been a subject of intense focus. We set out to determine the function of one lncRNA, termed urothelial carcinoma-associated 1 (UCA1) in CRC cell proliferation and its underlying mechanisms.MethodsQuantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was applied to detect the expression level of UCA1 in 50 pairs of CRC samples compared with non-tumor colon tissues. Cell growth was determined using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). Western blotting was carried out to analyze the related protein expression. Flow cytometry was done to evaluate cell apoptosis by UCA1 inhibition.ResultsWe found an increased expression of UCA1 in CRC samples. Knockdown of UCA1 in HCT116 cells induced a decrease in cell proliferation rate compared to control samples. This oncogenic activity may be enhanced through p53/ p21 signaling.ConclusionOur results supported the hypothesis that upregulation of UCA1 contributes to the unlimited proliferation rate of CRC cells, at least partially through the negative regulation of p53/p21 signaling pathway. Finally, we found that UCA1 merely influenced CRC cell apoptosis.
Hydrodynamic aspects of flotation separation
Authors: Peleka Efrosyni N. , Matis Kostas A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractFlotation separation is mainly used for removing particulates from aqueous dispersions. It is widely used for ore beneficiation and recovering valuable materials. This paper reviews the hydrodynamics of flotation separations and comments on selected recent publications. Units are distinguished as cells of ideal and non-ideal flow. A brief introduction to hydrodynamics is included to explain an original study of the hybrid flotation-microfiltration cell, effective for heavy metal ion removal.
Biomimetic superhydrophobic polyolefin surfaces fabricated with a facile scraping, bonding and peeling method
Authors: Feng Huanhuan , Zheng Tingting , Wang Huiliang 
Published: September 2016

AbstractInspired by the superhydrophobicity of juicy peach surface, on which microscale hairs are standing vertically to the surface plane, an extremely simple, inexpensive physical method is developed for fabrication of superhydrophobic polyolefin surfaces over large areas. This method includes three steps: abrasive paper scraping, adhesive tape bonding and 90° peeling. Scraping increases the roughness and enhence water contact angles (CAs) on polyolefin surfaces. It increases more when the scraped surface are bonded with adhesive types and then then 90° peeled. The CA variation depends on the types of polyolefin and abrasive paper. Superhydrophobic lowdensity polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP) surfaces (CA>150°) are obtained and they all exhibit very low adhesive force and high resistance to strong acids and bases.