bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peak expiratory flow predicts motoric cognitive risk syndrome: A cohort study
Authors: Ho Jim Q. , Kuschner Ware G. , Verghese Joe 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundPoor respiratory function, including low peak expiratory flow (PEF), is a risk factor for dementia. Motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) is a predementia syndrome characterized by slow gait and subjective cognitive complaints. However, the association between PEF and MCR remains unclear. This study examined the cross‐sectional and longitudinal association between PEF and MCR.MethodsThe National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), which is a nationally representative cohort of adults ≥65 years of age in the United States, was analyzed from 2011 to 2017. Logistic regression and discrete‐time proportional hazards models tested the association of PEF standardized residuals (SR) at baseline with prevalent and incident MCR, respectively. The models adjusted for multiple sociodemographic and health‐related covariates.ResultsAmong 5328 participants (57% women) included at baseline, lower PEF SR was associated with higher prevalence of MCR. Compared with the ≥80 PEF SR percentile group, the <30 and 30–50 percentile groups had significantly higher odds of prevalent MCR (OR 3.04 [95% CI 1.85, 5.01]; OR 2.06 [95% CI 1.19, 3.54], respectively). Over six years of follow‐up, lower PEF SR was also associated with higher incidence of MCR. Compared with the ≥80 PEF SR percentile group, the <30 and 30–50 percentile groups had significantly higher risk of incident MCR (HR 1.81 [95% CI 1.24, 2.66]; HR 1.55 [95% CI 1.02, 2.34], respectively).ConclusionsLower PEF was associated with higher prevalence and incidence of MCR. Poor respiratory function should be further investigated as a potentially modifiable risk factor for MCR and cognitive decline.
Development and Validation of a Novel Holistic Skin Quality Assessment Scale
Authors: Martschin Christoph , Bahhady Ruba , Li Jason , Loureiro Walter , Mansour Wesam , Metelitsa Andrei , Minocha Kuldeep , Somenek Michael , Taghetchian Keywan , Tienthavorn Tanongkiet 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundRadiant skin is a common patient request and the result of multiple contributing factors. Currently, there is no standardized methodological approach that facilitates assessment of skin quality from a holistic perspective.AimTo develop a holistic methodological process to assess skin quality using a scale that helps identify treatment priorities, facilitates conversation with the subject, and helps manage expectations, supports long‐term treatment plans, and tracks treatment progress over time.MethodsTen global experts (dermatologists and esthetic physicians) identified the main measurable aspects that contribute to skin quality, and these were combined to form the Skin Quality Assessment Scale (SQS). The scale comprises four overarching skin quality domains containing nine measurable aspects: texture (pores, lines, scars); discoloration (redness, pigmentation, dullness); firmness (laxity); and hydro‐lipid balance (oiliness, dryness). Each aspect is graded on a 4‐point severity scale (0 = none to 3 = severe). The SQS was validated by a large group of practicing clinicians.ResultsPracticing clinicians (> 40, 78% dermatologists) were surveyed; prior to reviewing the scale, 67% did not use any scale but 81% believed a holistic SQS was needed. After reviewing the scale, 100% agreed the scale provides a holistic assessment of skin quality. In addition, 95% agreed the scale helps assess all key aspects of skin quality with subjects and 98% deemed it valuable for their clinic.ConclusionsThe SQS represents a holistic assessment tool that engages with and manages subjects' expectations, identifies treatment priorities, creates a long‐term treatment plan, and visualizes the skin quality improvement over time.
Prevalence and Predictors of Premature Graying of Hair Before the Age of 30: A Cross‐Sectional Study in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almudimeegh Almuntsrbellah M. , AlObaid Sulaiman O. , Albinhar Turki H. , Alwadany Muhannad M. , Alajlan Ahmed H. , Alhedaithi Nora A. , Alawadh Razan M. , Kadasa Abdulaziz N. , Alobaid Abdulaziz S. , Alshathry Yazeed H. , Alsalhi Rakan H. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundGraying is an inherent and unavoidable consequence of the aging process, impacting individuals of all genders. There are limited studies in Saudi Arabia that have examined the prevalence and predictors of premature graying of hair (PGH).ObjectivesThis study aims to explore the prevalence and predictors of PGH before the age of 30 among the population of Saudi Arabia.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional online survey that was conducted between July 2023 and February 2024 in Saudi Arabia. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors of having gray hair before the age of 30.ResultsA total of 1193 participants were involved in this study. A significant portion of respondents reported having gray hair before the age of 30 (55.9%). The younger population (younger than 44 years), smokers, and those who have comorbidities, have anxiety, have depression, have a family history of gray hair before the age of 30 years, have a dry scalp, suffer from vitamin or mineral deficiencies, have hair loss due to immune diseases (such as alopecia), and use minoxidil or rosemary for hair loss were more likely to have gray hair before the age of 30 years (p < 0.05).ConclusionThis study highlighted the high prevalence rate and associated predictors of PGH in Saudi Arabia. Identified predictors include genetic, health, and lifestyle factors. Healthcare professionals and decision makers are advised to promote the awareness of the general public on its risk factors to enhance the prevention of PGH. Public health initiatives include campaigns on smoking cessation, healthy nutrition, and mental health.
Putting the Price in Asset Pricing
Authors: CHO THUMMIM , POLK CHRISTOPHER 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTWe propose a novel way to estimate a portfolio's abnormal price, the percentage gap between price and the present value of dividends computed with a chosen asset pricing model. Our method, based on a novel identity, resembles the time‐series estimator of abnormal returns, avoids the issues in alternative approaches, and clarifies the role of risk and mispricing in long‐horizon returns. We apply our techniques to study the cross‐section of price levels relative to the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) and find that a single characteristic, adjusted value, provides a parsimonious model of CAPM‐implied abnormal price.
The damaging legacy of damage‐centered LGBTIQ+ research: Implications for healthcare and LGBTIQ+ health
Authors: Cipollina Rebecca , Ruben Mollie A. , Maroney Meredith R. , Fu Chanel , Gonzalez Alejandra , Fogwell Nicole Theiss , Bettergarcia Jay , Levitt Heidi M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractResearch on LGBTIQ+ populations has focused primarily on identifying problems in the community (e.g., health disparities) and their predictors (e.g., minority stressors, discrimination). Scholars have argued that the approach of highlighting “damage” or deficits has been helpful for advocacy but has also harmed this community by perpetuating stereotypes (e.g., LGBTIQ+ individuals are unhealthy), ignoring or devaluing positive LGBTIQ+ experiences, and contributing to negative interactions in healthcare settings. To evaluate the extent to which a damage‐centered approach dominates the body of available research, the authors of this article conducted a content analysis of articles related to LGBTIQ+ health published in the Journal of Social Issues (JSI). The content analysis of 45 years of published manuscripts (1978–2023) revealed a strong emphasis on damage‐centered themes. In response, this article advocates for structural changes that may lead to an increase in research that focuses LGBTIQ+ experiences more holistically, with the overarching goal of reimaging LGBTIQ+ research. Such suggested changes include concentrated research funding and publishing opportunities, medical training that emphasizes a strengths‐based focus, and function‐oriented and autonomy‐promoting LGBTIQ+ research. This article suggests strategies to improve patient‐provider interactions in healthcare and enhance the overall well‐being of LGBTIQ+ communities. It advocates for a deliberate expansion towards a more holistic, less damage‐centered body of research in LGBTIQ+ psychology.
Exploring Bioactive Compounds in Prosopis juliflora Extracts Through Comparative LC–MS Analysis
Authors: Jakatimath Sanjeev , Kumar K. C. Kiran , Mesta R. K. , S. Raghavendra , G. Raghavendra , T. S. Archana , Kumar Devendra 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe current study was carried out to assess the alkaloid‐enriched constituents of Prosopis juliflora (Fabaceae) against bacterial blight of pomegranate. Utilising plant extracts for disease management offers an eco‐friendly approach. In vitro assessment of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for alkaloid‐enriched fractions from the leaves and inflorescence of P. juliflora revealed a 14 mm zone of inhibition, with the lowest MIC value being 30 mg/mL. Untargeted metabolomics analysis of alkaloid‐rich fractions (ARF) from four different tissues of P. juliflora, subjected to LC–MS for alkaloid identification, detected a total of 1489 peaks in positive mode and 240 peaks in negative mode. The highest peaks were detected in the leaves, where 47 metabolites and 9 alkaloids were identified. Ellipticine and ormosanine were found in relatively high concentrations across all four tissues, as indicated by their peak areas. The inflorescence had significantly high concentrations of sparteine, solanidine‐I and puberanidine compared with other parts. Additionally, acetylsolanine was more abundant in the inflorescence, while solasodine‐I was more prevalent in the leaves. A substantial amount of strictosidine was also found in the inflorescence.
Beaver dams in Mediterranean ecosystems: trait‐specific effects on macroinvertebrates
Authors: Mazza G. , Turillazzi F. , Ancillotto L. , Viviano A. , Di Lorenzo T. , Mori E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAfter centuries of extinction due to human persecution, Eurasian beavers Castor fiber L. have been released to Southern Europe in the last decades. Being ecosystem engineers, beavers have attracted great attention regarding restoration of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Nonetheless, the effects of the species on aquatic invertebrates known to date are not univocal and mostly refer to central European riverine systems. Here, we evaluated the effects of beaver presence on aquatic macroinvertebrates for the first time in a Mediterranean riverine ecosystem, by applying a sound control‐impact sampling design and controlling for seasonal variation in macroinvertebrate assemblage composition. A significant variation in response to season was evident for macroinvertebrate communities, revealing distinct assemblages during spring and summer. Furthermore, the presence of beavers was also identified as a significant driver of species composition, as samples near the beaver dam showed significant variation from control sites. Macroinvertebrate community traits changed according to the relative position to the beaver dam, as control sites featured on average higher abundances of taxa with higher values of bioindication score, larger size, lower adaptation to drag, and were less frequently of introduced origins. Yet, these differences were strongly taxon‐ and season‐specific in their intensity and direction. Differences across sites were mainly driven by the relative abundances of few taxa—including both alien species and high environmental quality indicators—such as those from genera Potamopyrgus, Baetis, Habrophlebia, Ephemerella, Leuctra, and Radix, which explained about 70% of the observed divergence among conditions. Our results indicate that beavers and their engineering activity may induce highly variable species‐specific responses in macroinvertebrates, thus possibly representing a driver of environmental heterogeneity along Mediterranean rivers, and that both bioindicators and alien species may exploit such heterogeneity.
Sepsis associated acute kidney injury is common among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders with septic shock and has poor outcomes: A nested cohort study
Authors: Donaldson L. H. , Hammond N. E. , Smyth K. L. , Agarwal S. , Taylor S. , Bompoint S. , Coombes J. , Bennett‐Brook K. , Bellomo R. , Myburgh J. , Venkatesh B. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractExploration of the incidence and outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) broadly, and sepsis associated AKI specifically, in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (First Nations) people has been limited. We compared a nested cohort of First Nations people drawn from a multinational randomised controlled trial of hydrocortisone in septic shock, to a cohort matched for age, sex and severity of illness. Acute Kidney Injury was defined using the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria, as well as incident use of kidney replacement therapy (KRT). Major Adverse Kidney Events (MAKE) were described as the composite of death, new dialysis requirement or persisting kidney dysfunction at hospital discharge. A cohort of 57 Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander patients with septic shock was identified. 91.2% (52) of the First Nations cohort met KDIGO criteria for Stage 1 AKI or greater and 63% (36) met Stage 3 criteria. 59.6% (34) of the First Nations required dialysis as compared to 45.6% (26) in the matched cohort. 60.7% (34) of First Nations participants met criteria for MAKE at hospital discharge. The proportions requiring dialysis at 6, 12 and 24 months were 8.3%, 9.1% and 6.9% respectively. The incidences of AKI and MAKE reported in this First Nations cohort are substantially higher than in previously published cohorts of patients with sepsis, even those that use sensitive definitions of AKI. Measures to promote better management of infectious diseases in First Nations communities are required.
Analysis of the Effect of Early Intensified Follow‐Up on the Treatment of Pediatric Flatfoot With Subtalar Arthroereisis
Authors: Liang Hui , Jiang Feijuan , Yan Han 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAs children are a special group, the optimal management approach for pediatric patients with flatfoot after subtalar arthroereisis remains unclear. This study aims to explore the clinical effects of early intensified follow‐up compared to conventional follow‐up for such patients. We conducted a prospective study on 83 pediatric flatfoot patients from January 2019 to June 2022. Patients were divided into early intensive follow‐up and routine follow‐up groups. The study compared preoperative, 3 months postoperative, and 1‐year postoperative Maryland Foot Function Scores, American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores, and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores, etc. At 3 months postoperatively, the early intensified follow‐up group showed significantly higher Maryland Foot Score and surgery satisfaction compared to the conventional follow‐up group. There were no statistical differences in other indicators at 3 months postoperatively, and all observed indicators at 1 year postoperatively. In conclusion, early intensive follow‐up can accelerate the functional recovery process of pediatric flatfoot patients undergoing subtalar arthroereisis and improve surgical satisfaction. Increasing medical resource investment for enhanced postoperative management is valuable for such patients.
The links between experiential learning and 4E cognition
Authors: Lebert Angélique , Vilarroya Óscar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this article, we explore the connections between two distinct approaches: experiential learning (EL) and 4E cognition. EL emphasizes the role of concrete experiences as the building blocks of learning, whereas 4E cognition views cognition as arising from the interactions that an individual has with their physical and social environment. Despite their divergent theoretical frameworks, methodologies, and interests, we argue that both frameworks share a common vision of cognition and that their integration could mutually enhance their respective fields. This article outlines the historical origins and underlying assumptions of both frameworks, highlighting the potential links that can be established between them. Specifically, we explore the significance of embodiment, embeddedness, extended cognition, and enactive processes in learning and cognition. To bridge these frameworks, we propose employing the concept of “concrete experience” as an active engagement of individuals with their physical and social surroundings. By encompassing the essential aspects assigned to concrete experiences in EL, as well as the embodiment, situatedness, extended cognition, and enactive features of 4E cognition, this notion serves as a unifying element. Ultimately, the article suggests that combining the insights from EL and 4E cognition can offer a richer, more holistic understanding of representation.
Effectiveness of a Triple Antiarrhythmic Drug Strategy for Arrhythmia Recurrence after Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Ablation
Authors: Jin Shuyu , Chen Haowei , Fang Xianhong , Liao Hongtao , Zhan Xianzhang , Fu Lu , Jiang Junrong , Ye Xingdong , Liu Huiyi , Chen Yanlin , Pu Sijia , Wu Shulin , Deng Hai , Lin Weidong , Xue Yumei 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveTreating recurrent atrial arrhythmias after persistent atrial fibrillation (PeAF) ablation is often challenging. This single‐center, prospective study aimed to observe the effectiveness of different combinations of oral antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) in reverting to sinus rhythm (SR) in patients with recurrent atrial arrhythmias after PeAF ablation.MethodsForty‐five patients who experienced recurrent atrial arrhythmias after PeAF ablation were included. Based on their medication regimens, patients were divided into two groups, with the study group being a triple‐drug group (digoxin combined with amiodarone/ propafenone and β‐blocker), and the control group being a non‐triple‐drug group.ResultsThe rate of reversion to SR was significantly higher in the study group (n = 29) than in the control group (n = 16) at 3 weeks (34.48% vs. 0%, p < 0.01) and 1 month (44.84% vs. 6.25%, p = 0.02) after initiating AADs. No patients with asymptomatic bradycardia were observed in either group.ConclusionsFor patients with recurrent atrial arrhythmias after PeAF ablation, a regimen of low‐dose digoxin combined with amiodarone/propafenone and β‐blocker may effectively improve short‐term reversion rates.
Under Pressure: Employee Work Stress, Supervisory Mentoring Support, and Employee Career Success
Authors: Erdogan Berrin , Kudret Selin , Campion Emily D. , Bauer Talya N. , McCarthy Julie , Cheng Bonnie Hayden 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTDespite consistent findings that stressed employees benefit from social support, these employees do not always have access to such support. We propose and test a conceptual model suggesting employee work stress will negatively affect supervisory career and psychosocial mentoring support. Drawing from social exchange theory, we predict this will indirectly affect employee career success (lower career satisfaction and promotability ratings, fewer promotions), and that the relationship between employee work stress and lower supervisory mentoring support can be explained by lower levels of work engagement experienced by, and attributed to, stressed employees. We tested our model across three studies. In Study 1, we collected four waves of multisource field data (254 employees, 127 managers, and company records) at a large postal organization in the United Kingdom (UK). Employee work stress was negatively related to supervisor career and psychosocial mentoring support, and indirectly affected career satisfaction and manager promotability ratings of employees via supervisor career mentoring support. Cross‐lagged panel analyses in a supplemental study additionally supported the proposed directionality of relationships. Study 2 included data across three waves from employees in Hong Kong (n = 137) and showed that employee work stress had indirect effects on supervisor career and psychosocial mentoring via lower employee engagement. In Study 3, using data from supervisors in the UK (n = 240) we showed that supervisor perceived employee stress had indirect effects on their provision of supervisor career and psychosocial mentoring support via lower perceived employee engagement.
Fatal Hyperacute Liver Failure due to Varicella Zoster Virus Immediately After Living‐Donor Liver Transplantation: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Toda Takeo , Kaneko Junichi , Ikemura Masako , Tanaka Mariko , Miyata Akinori , Nishioka Yujiro , Ichida Akihiko , Kawaguchi Yoshikuni , Akamatsu Nobuhisa , Hasegawa Kiyoshi 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAlthough acute hepatitis caused by varicella zoster virus mostly develops in immunocompromised patients, hyperacute liver failure is very rare. To our knowledge, there are no previous reports on liver transplant patients.MethodsWe report the first case of fatal hyperacute liver failure due to varicella zoster virus immediately after living‐donor liver transplantation without cutaneous lesions and review the literature.ResultThe present case exhibited rapid development and progression of acute liver failure from postoperative days 11–13, despite being seropositive for varicella zoster virus but unvaccinated and on immunosuppression before transplantation. Especially in solid organ transplantation, only six cases of severe acute liver failure that included hepatic encephalopathy and/or impaired consciousness and sudden extremely high (> 4000 U/L) serum aspartate aminotransferase levels have been reported in heart, lung, and kidney transplant patients.ConclusionsEarly diagnosis of hyperacute liver failure due to varicella zoster virus is challenging because the disease progresses rapidly and skin lesions are absent.
The ideal worlds objection
Authors: Rumbold Benedict 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Ideal Worlds objection is an objection that purports to identify a potentially fatal flaw in some of our most influential moral theories: including, among others, rule consequentialism, Kant's Law of Nature Formula of the Categorical Imperative and Scanlonian contractualism. In this article, I offer an account of the objection, a survey of some of the ways defenders of affected theories have sought to avoid it, and the problems that those responses can encounter.