bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Child Murder by A Depressed Mother: A Case Report*
Authors: Rodenburg Martin 
Published: April 2017

There is a risk that children may be killed by parents suffering from a severe depressive illness. This risk becomes grave when the patient is actively suicidal. A case has been presented in detail in an attempt to illustrate some of the factors previously reviewed. Many features of the patient's personality seem to fit. the characteristics outlined by other authors. Here, however, the aggressive impulses were not directed primarily toward the child, but the daughter had become part of an increasing conflict situation which the patient attempted to solve by destroying her. It is a sad fact that this tragedy might have been prevented if both the husband and the patient had been aware of the early symptoms and the homicidal risk involved.
Psychiatric Patients in the General Hospital Casualty Service
Authors: Harvey Michael L. , Brown James H. 
Published: April 2017

Data are presented regarding the psychiatric patients seen in the Casualty-Emergency Service of the Winnipeg General Hospital during a fifteen-day period, and this group is compared with the general casualty intake, and to a lesser extent with the population of the area served. The psychiatric patients had a higher proportion of: 1) admissions to hospital 2) females 3) persons aged 40 - 49 4) persons divorced or legally separated 5) newcomers to the Province 6) visits between 2:00 a.m. and 6:00 a.m. In the psychiatric group there was a preponderance of women among those diagnosed as neurotic and of men among those diagnosed as alcoholic. These findings are discussed and compared with those in the literature.
Effectiveness of Ward Meetings
Authors: Shamsie S. J. , Clark J. E. 
Published: April 2017

A study was undertaken to investigate the reasons for dissatisfaction with ward meetings on the part of the staff who attend them. The research situation was a children's unit of a large psychiatric hospital. The study was carried out by giving a questionnaire to all the ward staff including the chief-of-service for each ward. The findings indicated that in general the meetings were not well defined in terms of their goals, and it was felt that changes were necessary for all meetings. At the same time the staff thought the meetings were worthwhile, though the majority felt they were not conclusive in solving ward problems.
Migration of Canadian Physicians to Psychiatry in the United States
Authors: Powles William E. , Gysbertsen Johanna B. , Robertson John F. 
Published: April 2017

The brain drain — the contemporary striking pattern of migration of skilled professions — is, according to Grubel and Scott, “… an international transfer of resources … completely unrecorded in any official balance-of-payments statistics.” They emphasize the necessity of estimating a net brain drain for a country such as Canada. Canada has, in fact, benefited from the migration of economists. This study examines these questions for psychiatrists: how many Canadians have settled in the United States, how many have come to Canada from other countries and what is the net benefit or loss to Canada? It is estimated that 550 Canadian psychiatrists were working in the United States in 1969. This was more than half the number of psychiatrists (1,095) then working in Canada. In turn, 444 of Canada's psychiatrists were immigrants and only five were from the United States. The estimated net brain drain to Canada is thus a loss of about 100 psychiatrists.
What is a Sasquatch — or, the Problematics of Reality Testing
Authors: Jilek-Aall Louise M. 
Published: April 2017

This investigation indicates that it is more difficult for people living in the isolation of remote areas and surrounded by dark forests and mountains to distinguish hearsay, fantasy, imagination and reality than it is for those who walk through illuminated city streets amidst noisy neighbours. A lonely Euro-Canadian farmer when asked about Sasquatches said, “When it is daylight I don't believe in them but at night when I am alone in the mountains or in the bush they could be real.” It is also obvious that formal education is an important factor in determining whether a person has unwavering belief in mythology, and the higher the level of formal education the less a person believes in these phenomena.
Psychiatric Services: Organization of a Psychiatric Ambulatory Care Service in a General Hospital
Authors: Watters W.W. , Goodman A. , Molnar J.G. 
Published: April 2017

A psychiatric ambulatory care service in a general hospital which has attempted to incorporate in the program design many of the modern concepts of community psychiatry is described. There is indication that the theoretical orientation of such a program must be discriminatingly eclectic and that the general systems approach, in addition to being operationally useful, offers a framework within which different behavioural models can be accommodated. The value of program monitoring to provide ongoing feedback to the administrators of such programs and to provide a data base for studies of outcome and cost effectiveness is emphasized.
Dream Content Analysis of Male Schizoprhenic Patients
Authors: Kramer Milton , Trinder John , Roth Thomas 
Published: April 2017

This study explored two hypotheses — that the dream report content of groups are different from each other; and that with significant psychological change in a group there will be significant alteration in their dream report content. This study supported the first hypothesis — different groups do indeed have different dream report content (male paranoid schizophrenics compared to male college students); but did not support the second hypothesis — that with significant psychological change, dream report content altered (male paranoid schizophrenics before treatment and after improvement). The failure to support the second hypothesis may be related to the small number of content items compared and to the psychological states of the patients not being sufficiently different. It was possible to extract from the dream reports some areas of concern for the male paranoid schizophrenic patient, which suggested an avoidance of and a withdrawal from bodily concerns and interpersonal relationships. If there are before and after differences in dream report content they may be mostly related to the increase of active activities relative to passive ones following improvement and to a decrease in negative statements in the dream reports.
Instrumental Control of Autonomic Responses with the Use of a Cognitive Strategy
Authors: Corson J.A. , Bouchard C. , Scherer M.W. , Amit Z. , Hisey L.G. , Cleghorn R.G. , Golden M. 
Published: April 2017

The technique included some unusual features. Instructions were written specifically for the patient in order to attach motivational significance to the signalling stimulus, to be compatible with his conceptualization of the problem and to instruct him in the use of a specific cognitive strategy to gain control of the biological process. Before instrumental control training per se the patient was instructed concerning progressive relaxation, and the relaxation process was eventually used as the cognitive strategy in the control sessions. Treatment was completed in 10 weeks, and follow-up over a period of 15 months shows no relapse in terms of perspiration or social behaviour.
Long-Acting Phenothiazines in the Prevention of Relapse of Schizophrenic Patients
Authors: Denham John , Adamson Leslie 
Published: April 2017

The development of the depot fluphenazine preparations has been a major advance in the drug treatment of schizophrenia, ensuring continuous medication and stimulating the development of adequate community care services, resulting in significant reduction of relapse and readmission. This report compares the incidence of readmissions and the duration of hospital stay in a group of chronic schizophrenic patients who had first received oral medication and then long-acting injectable fluphenazine enanthate and decanoate over identical periods of time. A percentage of 93.3 of the subjects were maintained on continuous treatment for twelve to forty months. The readmission rate was reduced from 191 to 50, and the time spent in hospital from 8,713 to 1,335 days.
On Maybe Becoming a Psychotherapist, Perhaps
Authors: Book Howard E. 
Published: April 2017

Learning the art of psychotherapy can be an anxiety-provoking endeavour. These anxieties are engendered by the loss of the medical model, with attendant feelings of anger, doubt and alienation, and by the development of a psychodynamic model which facilitates the rising into consciousness of the resident's own warded-off wishes. Transient overidentification with the patient, inability to handle silences and counter-transference feelings of anger, lust or envy are other phenomena which stimulate anxiety in the neophyte therapist. The conflictual dual role of the supervisor, as seen by the resident, is one other source of anxiety. It is necessary for the resident to deal with and, hopefully, work through these stresses so that he may learn and practise psychotherapy in a non-constricted, non-distorted manner.
Auditory Discrimination during Rem and Non-Rem Sleep in Women before and after Delivery
Authors: Poitras R. , Thorkildsen A. , Gagnon M.A. , Naiman J. 
Published: April 2017

Pregnant and postpartum women were presented with auditory stimuli, of from 10 to 70 decibels, of baby's cries, a woman's voice saying “baby is crying” and a speech noise during stage 2, stage REM and slow-wave stages of sleep. The subjects were awakened with increasing difficulty in the above-given order of stages, and with increasing facility going from speech noise to human voice to baby's cry, in that order. There was an overall lowering of awakening threshold after delivery. All the differences found were statistically significant, except that the difference between the voice saying “baby is crying” and the tape-recorded baby's cry was not significant. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
Diagnostic Practice in a Psychiatric Unit
Authors: Meikle Stewart , Gerritse Richard , Pearce Keith 
Published: April 2017

This study takes the view that although psychiatric diagnosis has frequently been criticized as being deficient in terms of both reliability and validity, as long as it remains in use as a classification scheme its limitation should continue to be investigated. In line with this approach the present investigation examined three questions: What are the frequencies of major diagnostic groupings on admission to hospital? Do these frequencies change by the time discharge arrives? Are there differences in the stability of initial diagnosis for the various diagnostic sub-groupings? It was found that the most frequently used admitting diagnoses in order were: affective psychoses, neuroses and schizophrenia. Both personality disorders and other psychoses were relatively rarely used. In general the same ranking also held on discharge. However some diagnoses applied on admission appeared much more stable than others. For example 80 percent of those patients initially diagnosed as schizophrenic remained so classified on discharge. In contrast the equivalent figure for diagnoses listed under ‘other conditions’ was 46 percent. Although practitioners often talk as though diagnosis is a meaningless ritual, in fact the present study suggests a differential degree to selection and consideration in their application of psychiatric categories.
A Metabolic Basis for Drug Dependence
Authors: Doust J. W. Lovett 
Published: April 2017

In man, incessant, compulsive sexual activity may follow an increase in brain serotonin simultaneously with a decrease in brain noradrenalin. In animals a similar compulsive aphrodisiac effect on behaviour can occur with the use of an antiserotonin drug permitting a relative increase in noradrenalin. Five commonly used drugs of dependence, including morphine, have been shown to increase brain serotonin, thus disturbing the ratio of this monoamine, to noradrenalin. It is argued that drug dependence is a phenomenon of learning and that this learning depends upon stimulation of the reward system of the lateral hypothalamus, medial forebrain bundle and midbrain reticular formation. Drug dependence could follow if the balance of brain serotonin and noradrenalin were seriously disturbed by the drug in either direction. It is suggested that normalization of this metabolic balance might be a logical goal for treatment in drug addiction.
Explorations in Co-Psychotherapy
Authors: Watterson Donald , Collinson Sara 
Published: April 2017

Publications regarding the joint psychotherapy of individual patients or couples describe a variety of therapist-pairings, many styles of treatment approach, and an increasing interest, in the last two decades, in a treatment tool which impresses workers as having particular therapeutic effect with both research and training potential. The pairings of therapists show many permutations by profession, previous experience, and relatedness. In this ongoing study the partners are a male psychoanalytically trained psychiatrist and a female social psychology graduate. The style used has been referred to as multiple therapy although the term co-psychotherapy is less ambiguous and more specific. Patients seen in private practice readily accepted the joint participation of the junior partner, no matter whether they were already underway in psychotherapy or were newly referred. Co-psychotherapy appears to be more effective than single-handed psychotherapy, especially in the treatment of psychotic and borderline patients. When one member of a therapeutic pair is a trainee, co-psychotherapy offers an apprenticeship in psychotherapy by direct and intense immersion. Its value as part of psychotherapy training would seem to warrant more extensive deployment.
Intensive Individual Psychotherapy of Adolescents: The Dilemmas and the Delights
Authors: Kline Carl 
Published: April 2017

Intensive psychotherapy with adolescents requires, first of all, a therapist with extensive training in child, adult, and family psychotherapy. The therapist must be imaginative, flexible, and mature in judgement. Versatility in the use of therapeutic techniques allows variation in keeping with the psychological needs of the patient. Therapy of the adolescent must be as changeable as the adolescent himself, but always based upon sound psychoanalytic principles. Anna Freud (2) has stated that, “The role of the therapist is to keep him [the patient] from getting sicker while he is growing up.” It is also the therapist's role to help the adolescent to grow out of his childhood, not to free him from it. With all of this, and a little luck, the therapist can play an exciting role in the ‘all O.K.’ termination of adolescent therapy.
Comparison of Depression Inventories in a Clinical Population
Authors: Schnurr Rosina , Hoaken P.C.S. , Jarrett F.J. 
Published: April 2017

Summary Using a general hospital psychiatric population (CN =158) the following psychometric measures of depression were assessed: Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, D. Scale; Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; Beck Inventory for Measuring Depression; Wechsler Depression Rating Scale; and Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale. The patients were grouped according to diagnoses in The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM II): Depressive Neurosis; Severe Depression (Manic-Depressive, Depressed and Psychotic Depressive Reaction); Schizophrenia and Organic Brain Syndrome; Personality Disorder; and Neuroses other than Depressive (mainly anxiety). A group comprising those who attempted suicide was also formed from the above groups. All the measures correlated well with one another. Younger patients tended to score higher on the Zung SDS and the Beck. Females scored higher on the D Scale (MMPI) and males scored higher on the Beck. The group of suicidal patients were predominantly young females. The Hamilton and the D Scale differentiated the groups clinically. These two scales and the Wechsler may be the inventories of choice, expecially since the Hamilton and Wechsler have the advantage of being completed by a psychiatrist.
Treatment of Drug-Induced Psychosis with Diphenylhydantoin†
Authors: Ifabumuyi O. I. , Jeffries J. J. 
Published: April 2017

Summary This paper introduces an alternative to the major tranquilizers in the treatment of acute psychotic breakdown following multiple drug abuse. All the patients described had been taking hallucinogenic drugs for over five years. Only three of several successfully treated cases are described. Two of these cases were followed by EEG recordings, which did not show any localized epileptiform activity. The response to diphenylhydantoin is described both clinically and as recorded by EEG. An initial two-week period is necessary in order that the effects of the drugs can be demonstrated clinically or on EEG tracing. It cannot be concluded from this that the antiepileptic drugs are the drugs of choice in drug-induced psychosis; but, diphenylhydantoin has shown dramatic effectiveness in these previously refractory cases. In view of the response, some abnormal cerebral discharge from an as yet undiscovered locus may be involved in the pathogenesis of drug-induced hallucinations.
A Case of Homosexuality Treated by in Vivo Desensitization and Assertive Training
Authors: Latimer Paul 
Published: April 2017

Sexual deviation is not a unitary condition, amenable to a single treatment approach. Deviant sexual arousal has been overemphasized while inadequate attention has been given to associated behavioural problems such as deficient heterosexual arousal, deficient heterosexual skills and gender role deviation. A client with homosexual arousal and requesting aversion therapy was treated successfully and rapidly using in vivo desensitization and assertive training. The treatment is described and the importance of the behavioural analysis in directing the course of therapy is stressed.
The Clinical Audit in a Psychiatric Setting: Is Big Brother Watching You?
Authors: Thompson M. G. G. 
Published: April 2017

This paper summarizes five methods for clinical auditing that are carried out concurrently at the London Psychiatric Hospital. The first type of audit is carried out by the Medical Records Department and consists of a check-off list of items that for accreditation purposes must be included in the record. The second and third types of audit compare the content of the records from samples of similarly diagnosed or treated patients to criteria previously specified by a committee of professionals. The fourth type of audit is really a collection of audits in which each of the clinical departments: Nursing, Social Work, Occupational Therapy, and Psychology, check random samples of files on a monthly basis for the contribution to the record made by their own departmental members. These files are checked against specific questions laid out on a departmental audit form, and feedback is given directly to the departmental member. The four preceding types of audits all have the advantage of large-scale “screening” of charts. They, however, do not allow for crosschecking recorded data with the condition of the actual patient. The fifth type of audit, the “in-depth single patient care audit” corrects this deficit, and allows for more dialogue with the treatment team. The detailed form that is used for this audit procedure is described in the text. The audit is carried out by a senior clinician from the Department of Medicine in conjunction with a senior member of another discipline. The physician interviews the patient before reading and checking the chart. Both the physician and the senior member of the other clinical department then discuss the charting and the case with the entire treatment team. This last method of auditing has helped considerably in re-designing a system for charting at London Psychiatric Hospital. The chief drawback of the audit, time consumption, is far outweighed by the advantages that accrue. The procedure affords the unit staff and the auditors opportunities for an ongoing educational experience.
LSD in a Coercive Milieu Therapy Program
Authors: Barker E.T. , Buck M.F. 
Published: April 2017

Over a five-year period, thirty patients in a maximum security mental hospital were treated with LSD (500 mcmg. I.M.).Three different styles of interviewing procedure evolved with experience: a medical model, a “responsible street model”, and a non-directive model. The interviewer's orientation appeared to significantly affect the patient's perception of the LSD experience. Since it was felt by the authors that no one set of biased inputs has any demonstrable merit over any other, (except in satisfying the interviewer), the non-directive model was deemed most reasonable.Although all patients reported that the experience was of great benefit, no one else could see changes for better — or worse. Chromosomal studies showed the usual increased frequency of breaks. It is noted that cytogenetic experts do not now see this finding as a contraindication to the use of the drug. It was not thought that the LSD administration in hospital was a significant factor leading to use of street drugs after release. The only difference on administration to psychopaths and schizophrenics was that one-third of the psychopaths (6 of 18) acted out by punching or kicking at someone nearby.When used with the safeguards described, the drug seemed safe and valuable to use in our communities of long-stay patients, because of the high morale engendered.
A Short Encounter with Anna Freud at Berggasse 19
Authors: Fraser George A. 
Published: April 2017

This article discusses a short encounter with Dr. Anna Freud in her former consulting office in Vienna at 19 Berggasse in May 1977. Dr. Freud had gone to Vienna for the laying of a marble plaque at the site of the former Belle Vue Hotel where Sigmund Freud had first started his work on the ‘interpretation of dreams’. In 1900 Dr. Sigmund Freud had written to Wilhelm Fliess “Do you suppose that some day a marble tablet will be placed on the house, inscribed with the words: ‘in this house on July 24, 1895, The Secret of Dreams was revealed to Dr. Sigmund Freud’ At this moment I see little prospect of it”. This request was realized on 6 May 1977 and the author who was present at the ceremonies, describes some of the events.
The Authoritarian Family and its Adolescents
Authors: Danesh Hossain B. 
Published: April 2017

Authoritarian Families possess characteristics similar to those of the Authoritarian Personality. They are power oriented, tend to have dichotomous conceptions, have emotional and intellectual rigidity and submit easily to authoritarian forces. The adolescents in such families are deprived of their basic needs for stability, flexibility and guidance. Consequently they feel frustrated and angry. Their anger manifests itself in various forms. A large percentage of these adolescents adopt their parents' attitudes and develop similar authoritarian personality characteristics. The second group are those who experience considerable conflict and tend to become aggressive and hostile in their interpersonal relationships. Still, there are adolescents who become withdrawn, depressed and apathetic and display great difficulty in dealing effectively with the ordinary demands of their lives. These adolescents and their families are difficult to treat. Several case histories are provided and brief outlines of a treatment approach are given.