bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy is effective as relapse prevention for patients with recurrent depression in Scandinavian primary health care
Authors: Lilja Josefine L. , Zelleroth Clara , Axberg Ulf , Norlander Torsten 
Published: June 2016

This study examined the effectiveness of mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in primary care for patients with recurrent depression (major depressive disorder: MDD). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), MDD is now the leading cause of disease burden in middle‐ and high‐income countries. Patients (N = 45) with three or more previous depressive episodes were recruited to participate in MBCT as a preventative intervention. Using a benchmarking approach, outcome data was compared with data from a recent efficacy study. The methodology is a rigorous approach to assessing effectiveness when evidence‐based UK protocols are transferred into the existing Scandinavian service delivery. Additionally, a person‐centred methodological approach was used to assess clinical significance on the Reliable Change Index (RCI). The analysis revealed comparable or larger effects from pre‐test to post‐test in reduced psychiatric symptoms, increased quality of life and level of mindfulness, and the effects were maintained over 14 months. Analysis of the relapse rate in the current study (16%) compared to the TAU in the efficacy study (68%) yielded an h value of 0.78, a moderate effect size. Only 13% dropped out of the treatment. According to the RCI findings, 65% to 67% of participants in the clinical group improved, no individual worsened, and women showed a significantly greater improvement of depression and anxiety than men. Therapeutic alliance and motivation had no impact on the outcome. The overall result suggests that MBCT can be implemented successfully in Scandinavian primary health care as a preventive intervention for patients with recurrent depression.
Examining Innovation for Sustainability from the Bottom Up: An Analysis of the Permaculture Community in England
Authors: Maye Damian 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article applies the transition approach to a novel food production context, via an examination of the food production side of permaculture. More specifically, it examines attempts by the permaculture community in England to interact and influence the Agriculture Knowledge System of the mainstream agro‐food regime. Strategic Niche Management and Communities of Practice theory are combined to examine the ways in which the permaculture community has evolved and has sought to develop its agro‐ecology message and influence the agro‐food regime. Evidence of second order learning and networking with stakeholders outside the community of practice is limited. A tension between internal activities that reinforce a boundary between the permaculture knowledge system and the wider Agriculture Knowledge System are evident. Some external activities designed to cross boundaries are noted. However, activities designed to translate permaculture ideas into mainstream agriculture have had limited success. There is some evidence of interaction and lateral linkage with sub‐regimes to enhance capacity but this is usually in individual capacities. Examining the evolution of radical niche innovations such as permaculture thus reveals the way that beliefs, values and epistemologies make the process of sustainability transition challenging and complex, particularly when different knowledge systems clash with one another.
A New Combined Assessment of Mixed Uncertainty in Spatial Models: Conceptualization and Implementation
Authors: Rios J. Fernando , Renschler Chris S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractUncertainty quantification is not often performed in spatial modeling applications, especially when there is a mixture of probabilistic and non‐probabilistic uncertainties. Furthermore, the effect of positional uncertainty is often not assessed, despite its relevance to geographical applications. Although there has been much work in investigating the aforementioned types of uncertainty in isolation, combined approaches have not been much researched. This has resulted in a lack of tools for conducting mixed uncertainty analyses that include positional uncertainty. This research addresses the issue by first presenting a new, flexible, simulation‐oriented conceptualization of positional uncertainty in geographic objects called F‐Objects. F‐Objects accommodates various representations of uncertainty, while remaining conceptually simple. Second, a new Python‐based framework is introduced, termed Wiggly and capable of conducting mixed uncertainty propagation using fuzzy Monte Carlo simulation (FMCS). FMCS combines both traditional Monte Carlo with fuzzy analysis in a so‐called hybrid approach. F‐Objects is implemented within the Wiggly framework, resulting in a tool capable of considering any combination of: (1) probabilistic variables; (2) fuzzy variables; and (3) positional uncertainty of objects (probabilistic/fuzzy). Finally, a realistic GIS‐based groundwater contamination problem demonstrates how F‐Objects and Wiggly can be used to assess the effect of positional uncertainty.
Whole blood for the acutely haemorrhaging civilian trauma patient: a novel idea or rediscovery?
Authors: Bahr M. P. , Yazer M. H. , Triulzi D. J. , Collins R. A. 
Published: June 2016

SUMMARYThe concept of whole blood (WB) as a treatment modality for trauma patients requiring transfusion therapy is not new. Successfully employed in the early 20 century, WB was the product of choice for military trauma resuscitation until the advent of component therapy changed the landscape of transfusion medicine. However, the recognition of the success of WB in the military operational setting has provided some enthusiasm to explore its revival as a cold‐stored option in the civilian trauma resuscitation sector. Concerns continue to exist over potential limitations for its application in regards to the efficacy of platelets after cold storage, the risk of haemolytic transfusion reactions following the transfusion of un‐cross‐matched WB and the logistical issues for civilian blood banks in providing WB. This review aims to reconcile these concerns with data available in the literature, with a view to establishing that there is in vitro evidence supporting the haemostatic effects of cold‐stored WB as a potential therapeutic option in both the pre‐hospital and in‐hospital civilian trauma resuscitation settings.
Risk of transfusion‐transmitted chikungunya infection and efficacy of blood safety implementation measures: experience from the 2009 epidemic in Songkhla Province, Thailand
Authors: Appassakij Hatsadee , Promwong Charuporn , Rujirojindakul Pairaya , Khuntikij Paiwon , Silpapojakul Khachornsakdi 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUNDTo date, neither is there a standard guideline for maintaining a safe blood supply during a chikungunya fever (CHIKF) outbreak nor has a study been performed on actual transfusion‐transmitted CHIKF to recipients. This study estimated the potential incidence of transfusion‐transmitted CHIKF and compared the efficacies of various blood safety intervention strategies to mitigate the transfusion‐transmitted CHIKF risk.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA Web‐based tool named the European Up‐Front Risk Assessment Tool (EUFRAT) was used to estimate the risk of transfusion‐transmitted CHIKF using data inputs from the 2009 Songkhla epidemic in Thailand.RESULTSThe mean and maximal risks of viremic donations during the entire epidemic period were estimated to be 0.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.0‐2.7) and 4.8 (95% CI, 0.5‐9.1), respectively. This meant that the potential risk of transfusion‐transmitted CHIKF to recipients receiving all infective end products in the absence of blood safety measures was from 10.9 (95% CI, 1.8‐20.4) to 57.6 (95% CI, 36.4‐79.5). Based on experience from the 2009 Thai epidemic, the proportion of 10% asymptomatic cases, for instance, with predonation screening for CHIKF‐related symptoms and follow‐up observation in donors at risk was estimated to be 88.4% (95% CI, 69.9%‐100.0%) to 99.1% (95% CI, 79.6%‐100.0%) effective in reducing this transfusion risk compared to 83.7% (95% CI, 65.8%‐100.0%) to 90.7% (95% CI, 72.1%‐100.0%) by predonation screening for donors at risk of chikungunya virus infection alone.CONCLUSIONThis study suggests that prompt blood screening measures can reduce the risk of transfusion‐transmitted CHIKF and maintain a safe blood supply during an outbreak.
Feasibility of Stifle Medial Meniscal Release in Toy Breed Dogs with and without a Joint Distractor
Authors: Kim Kwan , Lee Haebeom , Ragetly Guillaume R. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of medial meniscal release (MMR) during stifle arthroscopy in toy breed dogs with and without a joint distractor.Study DesignExperimental cadaveric study.Sample PopulationStifles (n = 40) from 20 canine cadavers (1.8–5.1 kg).MethodsPaired stifles were randomly assigned to the joint distractor group and the control group (n = 20 each). All stifles underwent arthroscopic transection of the cranial cruciate ligament followed by a release of the caudomedial meniscotibial ligament. After the procedures, all stifles were disarticulated. The degree of released meniscus was recorded subjectively by 5% increments. A MMR success was defined as a complete transection. The areas of femoral and tibial articular cartilage damage were calculated using india ink staining and digital imaging. The results were compared between groups and odds ratios were calculated.ResultsAll stifle arthroscopies were successful. The success rate of MMR was significantly higher (P = .013) with a joint distractor than without a joint distractor. MMR was 7.4 times more likely to succeed with a joint distractor than without a joint distractor. The distal femoral articular cartilage was significantly more damaged (P = .011) in the stifles without a joint distractor than in the stifles with a distractor. No difference was found between the 2 groups for damage to the tibial cartilage (P = .058).ConclusionStifle arthroscopic MMR is feasible in toy breed dogs. Using a joint distractor is recommended for arthroscopic treatment based on our results because it significantly reduced the rate of incomplete release as well as iatrogenic cartilage damage.
Complication Rates After Bilateral versus Unilateral Total Ear Canal Ablation with Lateral Bulla Osteotomy for End‐Stage Inflammatory Ear Disease in Dogs: 79 Ears
Authors: Coleman Kristin A. , Smeak Daniel D. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveTo determine whether perioperative complication rates are different between unilateral (ULS) versus single‐stage bilateral (BLSS) total ear canal ablation‐lateral bulla osteotomy (TECA‐LBO) surgeries.Study DesignRetrospective case series.AnimalsFifity‐seven dogs (79 ears) undergoing TECA‐LBO at a single institution over 14 years.MethodsMedical records of dogs undergoing TECA‐LBO for end‐stage inflammatory non‐neoplastic ear disease from March 1999 to September 2013 at the Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital were evaluated for intraoperative and early postoperative complications associated with the procedure. Inclusion criteria were clinical and/or histopathologic diagnosis of chronic otitis externa, surgical treatment by TECA‐LBO, and a minimum of 2 week follow‐up data.ResultsTwenty dogs (40 ears) underwent BLSS and 37 dogs (39 ears) had ULS. Complications were recorded for 29 of 40 ears (72.5%) in the BLSS group (40.0% facial nerve, 15.0% ocular, and 32.5% minor incisional complications) and 25 of 39 ears (64.1%) in the ULS group (33.3% facial nerve, 12.8% ocular, and 23.1% minor incisional complications). Dogs undergoing BLSS did not have a significantly higher total complication rate, or higher neurologic, ocular, or incisional complication rates, than the ULS procedure. No major anesthetic complications affecting outcome were recorded for either group.ConclusionAnesthetic and early surgical complication rates after ULS and BLSS were not significantly different in our study. Offering single‐stage bilateral TECA‐LBO procedures for otherwise healthy dogs with end‐stage inflammatory otitis externa is a viable treatment option without additional risk for complication.
Expert Opinion to Identify High‐Risk Entry Routes of Canine Rabies into Papua New Guinea
Authors: Brookes V. J. , Ward M. P. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThe proximity of Papua New Guinea (PNG) to canine rabies‐endemic countries in South‐East Asia presents a risk of incursion of this disease into PNG and the rest of the Oceanic region. The objective of this study was to identify the highest risk routes for entry of dogs – associated with movement of people – into PNG from canine rabies‐endemic countries. A structured, in‐country expert‐elicitation workshop was used, and 20 entry routes were identified. The highest risk routes were three land routes from Papua, Indonesia (hunters, traditional border crossers and unregulated, unchecked ‘shopper‐crossers’) and two sea routes (fishing and logging). These results will be used to direct more detailed risk assessments to develop surveillance strategies and incursion response plans.
A NOVEL MODEL OF PZT ACTUATOR AND ITS APPLICATION IN HYSTERESIS AND VIBRATION CONTROLS
Authors: Muhammad Bashir Bala , Rahman Md Habibur , Ahmad Mohd Ridzuan , Bashir Muhammad 
Published: June 2016

The piezoelectric actuator is a voltage spring system that behaves in a similar characteristic to mechanical mass spring system. The displacements profile of the piezoelectric actuator shifts due to hysteresis and creep during actuation. The static (non-dynamics) models of piezoelectric actuator developed in the past consisted of a number of equations which could not be simplified in the form of a single transfer function. Furthermore, the modelling of dynamic (vibrating) piezoelectric actuator was not considered. In this work, we present the behaviour of the piezoelectric actuator in terms of mechanical displacement from applied electric potential. The single transfer function mathematical model is generated representing the actuator characteristics. The dynamic (vibration) model that can vibrate at a desired frequency of the actuator is also developed. The models are developed by system identification from experimental results. A high resolution microscope together with the image processing technique were used to obtain the system characteristics. Simulation using Matlab Simulink is used to validate the experiment (The hysteresis was reduced by 90 % and the vibration was reduced to 97 %).
CALIBRATION OF A DRAG TILT CURRENT VELOCIMETER FOR AN OPEN CHANNEL APPLICATION
Authors: Ismail Zool Hilmi , Muharram Ibnu Akil Maitar 
Published: June 2016

Water is one of the prime elements responsible for life on earth with two thirds of the earth's surface covered by it. Managing water resources effectively can promote conservation and make the best use of our limited water resources. Having knowledge about flow information on the river networks can be very beneficial for applications such as hydropower, transportation, irrigation, flood mitigation, water treatment, industrial and domestic needs. The development of simple and inexpensive instrument (<RM500) is to help researchers to produce and measure flows on spatial river at a very low cost. The analytic approximation was derived for giving relationship of the instrument’s tilting behavior on water velocity. Calibration process was held and the data are used to investigate the relationship between the measurement collected from the experiment and the known values. Analyzing the experiment results, it was concluded that the instrument tilting in response to the water velocities but not up to the expected known values. Random and systematic errors arise during calibration processes which contribute to the high uncertainties of the instrument. The documented experiments, procedure and facility used for the calibration are given in this paper. It is shown that the accuracy relationship of this instrument against the analytic approximation identified is 66.45%.
Xanthine oxidoreductase mediates membrane docking of milk‐fat droplets but is not essential for apocrine lipid secretion
Authors: Monks Jenifer , Dzieciatkowska Monika , Bales Elise S. , Orlicky David J. , Wright Richard M. , McManaman James L. 
Published: June 2016

Key points
Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) modulates milk lipid secretion and lactation initiation.
XOR is required for butyrophilin1a1 clustering in the membrane during milk lipid secretion.
XOR mediates apical membrane reorganization during milk lipid secretion.
Loss of XOR delays milk fat globule secretion.
XOR loss alters the proteome of milk fat globules.
AbstractApocrine secretion is utilized by epithelial cells of exocrine glands. These cells bud off membrane‐bound particles into the lumen of the gland, losing a portion of the cytoplasm in the secretion product. The lactating mammary gland secretes milk lipid by this mechanism, and xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) has long been thought to be functionally important. We generated mammary‐specific XOR knockout (MGKO) mice, expecting lactation to fail. Histology of the knockout glands showed very large lipid droplets enclosed in the mammary alveolar cells, but milk analysis showed that these large globules were secreted. Butyrophilin, a membrane protein known to bind to XOR, was clustered at the point of contact of the cytoplasmic lipid droplet with the apical plasma membrane, in the wild‐type gland but not in the knockout, suggesting that XOR mediates ‘docking’ to this membrane. Secreted milk fat globules were isolated from mouse milk of wild‐type and XOR MGKO dams, and subjected to LC‐MS/MS for analysis of protein component. Proteomic results showed that loss of XOR leads to an increase in cytoplasmic, cytoskeletal, Golgi apparatus and lipid metabolism proteins associated with the secreted milk fat globule. Association of XOR with the lipid droplet results in membrane docking and more efficient retention of cytoplasmic components by the secretory cell. Loss of XOR then results in a reversion to a more rudimentary, less efficient, apocrine secretion mechanism, but does not prevent milk fat globule secretion.
Newly Identified Enterovirus C Genotypes, Identified in the Netherlands through Routine Sequencing of All Enteroviruses Detected in Clinical Materials from 2008 to 2015
Authors: Van Leer-Buter Coretta C. , Poelman Randy , Borger Renze , Niesters Hubert G. M. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
Enteroviruses (EVs) are a group of human and animal viruses that are capable of causing a variety of clinical syndromes. Different genotypes classified into species can be distinguished on the basis of sequence divergence in the VP1 capsid-coding region. Apparently new genotypes are discovered regularly, often as incidental findings in studies investigating respiratory syndromes or as part of poliovirus surveillance. Recently, some EVs have become recognized as significant respiratory pathogens, and a number of new genotypes belonging to species C have been identified. The circulation of these newly identified species C EVs, such as EV-C104, EV-C105, EV-C109, and EV-C117, nevertheless appears to be limited. In this report, we show the results of routine genotyping of all enteroviruses detected in our tertiary care hospital between January 2008 and April 2015. We detected 365 EVs belonging to 40 genotypes. Interestingly, several newly identified species C EVs were detected during the study period. Sequencing of the 5′ untranslated region (5′ UTR) of these viruses shows divergence in this region, which is a target region in many detection assays.
Stimulation of Bovine Whole-Blood Samples Cultured in Media Supplemented with Recombinant Interleukin-7 (IL-7) and IL-12 Extends the Life Span of the Gamma Interferon Assay To Detect Mycobacterium bovis-Infected Cattle
Authors: Gerace E. , Pasquali P. , Oesch B. , Falduto M. , Mandanici F. , Fiasconaro M. , Vitale M. , Di Marco Lo Presti V. , Amato B. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

The gamma interferon (IFN-γ) assay is widely used to measure cell-mediated immune (CMI) response for the early detection of tuberculosis infection. Processing whole-blood samples for CMI-based diagnostics is time sensitive and usually must occur within 8 h of collection to ensure optimal assay performance. In this study, we developed and tested a modified protocol, in which whole-blood samples from
Mycobacterium bovis
-infected cattle were diluted 1:1 in RPMI medium containing 0.3% fetal bovine serum (FBS) added or not to recombinant mouse interleukin-7 (rmIL-7) or rmIL-12, alone or in combination, and stored at 4°C. At 3 and 6 days postcollection, the diluted blood samples were adjusted to 10% FBS, dispensed into culture trays, stimulated with a bovine purified protein derivative from
M. bovis
, and incubated at 37°C in 5% CO
2
in air. Plasma was removed and assayed for an IFN-γ response using bovine IFN-γ enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Bovigam). The results were then compared with those obtained from the conventional procedure. The IFN-γ responses of the samples stored up to 6 days postcollection in the supplemented RPMI medium were similar to those observed in the samples processed within 8 h after sampling, indicating that lymphocyte vitality and response were preserved. The addition of rmIL-7 and rmIL-12, alone or in combination, to culture medium can enhance lymphocyte survival and thus extends the time limit within which the IFN-γ assay can be applied as a diagnostic tool in bovine tuberculosis surveillance and eradication.
Development of a Real-Time PCR Protocol Requiring Minimal Handling for Detection of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci with the Fully Automated BD Max System
Authors: Dalpke Alexander H. , Hofko Marjeta , Zimmermann Stefan 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are an important cause of health care-associated infections, resulting in significant mortality and a significant economic burden in hospitals. Active surveillance for at-risk populations contributes to the prevention of infections with VRE. The availability of a combination of automation and molecular detection procedures for rapid screening would be beneficial. Here, we report on the development of a laboratory-developed PCR for detection of VRE which runs on the fully automated Becton Dickinson (BD) Max platform, which combines DNA extraction, PCR setup, and real-time PCR amplification. We evaluated two protocols: one using a liquid master mix and the other employing commercially ordered dry-down reagents. The BD Max VRE PCR was evaluated in two rounds with 86 and 61 rectal elution swab (eSwab) samples, and the results were compared to the culture results. The sensitivities of the different PCR formats were 84 to 100% for
vanA
and 83.7 to 100% for
vanB
; specificities were 96.8 to 100% for
vanA
and 81.8 to 97% for
vanB
. The use of dry-down reagents and the ExK DNA-2 kit for extraction showed that the samples were less inhibited (3.3%) than they were by the use of the liquid master mix (14.8%). Adoption of a cutoff threshold cycle of 35 for discrimination of
vanB
-positive samples allowed an increase of specificity to 87.9%. The performance of the BD Max VRE assay equaled that of the BD GeneOhm VanR assay, which was run in parallel. The use of dry-down reagents simplifies the assay and omits any need to handle liquid PCR reagents.
Multicenter Evaluation of the Solana Group A Streptococcus Assay: Comparison with Culture
Authors: Uphoff Timothy S. , Buchan Blake W. , Ledeboer Nathan A. , Granato Paul A. , Daly Judy A. , Marti Tara N. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

We compared group A
Streptococcus
(GAS) culture with a rapid helicase-dependent amplification (HDA) method using 1,082 throat swab specimens. The HDA method demonstrated 98.2% sensitivity and 97.2% specificity. GAS prevalence by culture was 20.7%, and it was 22.6% using the HDA method. In 35 min, the HDA method provided rapid, sensitive GAS detection, making culture confirmation unnecessary.