bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Later life and public policies in time of crisis: Portugal, 2008–13
Authors: Gouveia Odília Maria Rocha , Schouten Maria Johanna , Matos Alice Delerue 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This article presents an analysis of public policies implemented in Portugal between 2008 and 2013 affecting the older segments of the population, specifically those aged 50 years and over. Research on this period is relevant because it was a time of economic and financial crisis and concomitant changes in government policy. By making a content analysis of the laws published on the website of the Diário da República (Portuguese State Gazette) three periods could be distinguished: January 2008 to May 2010, which was dominated by an emancipatory logic reflecting respect for social rights; June 2010 to September 2012; and then October 2012 to December 2013, in which a logic of austerity prevailed, especially in the last period, with negative consequences for the quality of life of senior citizens.
MODELO PARA UNA RED HIBRIDA ÓPTICA INALÁMBRICA
Authors: Quiroz Luis Alejandro , Moreno Néstor , Vera Nelson Enrique 
Published: August 2017

Este artículo propone un modelo de red hibrida óptica - inalámbrica mediante la tecnología free space optics (FSO) para el desarrollo de una red de acceso de nueva generación, que represente una solución a los proveedores para diferenciación de servicios, ofrecimiento de ancho de banda bajo demanda y uso compartido de infraestructura con otros proveedores de servicios. Se describe el principio de funcionamiento y las características técnicas de la tecnología FSO, se expone y analiza la arquitectura y el algoritmo de reconfiguración propuesto.
PROCESAMIENTO DE IMÁGENES PARA LA PLANEACIÓN DE RUTAS PARA ROBOTS MÓVILES BASADOS EN LEGO MINDSTORMS NXT
Authors: Torres Velásquez Jesús Alberto , Viáfara Avila Rafael Ricardo , Martínez Santa Fernando 
Published: August 2017

El presente artículo contiene el procedimiento para implementar diferentes técnicas de procesamiento de imágenes y principalmente el algoritmo de esqueletización con el objetivo de planificar rutas libres de obstáculos para robots móviles; mediante una fotografía tomada sobre un área determinada con los obstáculos y el robot (construido con el kit de robótica LEGO MINDSTORMS NXT). Se realiza el debido procesamiento a dicha imagen, para luego, de forma remota enviar una serie de órdenes vía Bluetooth desde un computador usando MATLAB; ordenes generadas por el algoritmo aplicado sobre la imagen ya procesada, con el fin de obtener el desplazamiento de la plataforma móvil a un punto de llegada determinado por el usuario.
Vorausschauende Störgrößenaufschaltung für die Schwingungsdämpfung am Viertelfahrzeug
Authors: Strohm Johannes N. , Lohmann Boris 
Published: August 2017

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag zeigt eine neuartige Störgrößenaufschaltung und deren Anwendung zur Schwingungsdämpfung am Viertelfahrzeug. Dazu präsentieren wir zunächst die optimale vorausschauende Vorsteuerung. Diese basiert auf einem Impulsantwortmodell der Regelstrecke und kann analytisch berechnet werden. Der große Vorteil der Vorsteuerung liegt in der vorausschauenden Arbeitsweise und der einfachen Parametrierbarkeit über ein Gütemaß. Auf dieser Vorsteuerung aufbauend, wird eine Möglichkeit zum Entwurf einer Störgrößenaufschaltung dargestellt. Im zweiten Schritt wenden wir letztere zur Dämpfung der durch Straßenunebenheiten erregten Schwingungen am Viertelfahrzeug an. Dazu wird zunächst der Einfluss verschiedener Parameter auf die Leistungsfähigkeit der Aufschaltung untersucht. Abschließend zeigen wir, dass diese Störgrößenaufschaltung sowohl in der Simulation als auch im Versuch zu deutlich gedämpften Schwingungen führt.
Effect of TMS coil orientation on the spatial distribution of motor evoked potentials in an intrinsic hand muscle
Authors: Souza Victor Hugo , Vieira Taian Martins , Peres André Salles Cunha , Garcia Marco Antonio Cavalcanti , Vargas Claudia Domingues , Baffa Oswaldo 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Previous reports on the relationship between coil orientation and amplitude of motor evoked potential (MEP) in transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) did not consider the effect of electrode arrangement. Here we explore this open issue by investigating whether TMS coil orientation affects the amplitude distribution of MEPs recorded from the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscle with a bi-dimensional grid of 61 electrodes. Moreover, we test whether conventional mono- and bipolar montages provide representative MEPs compared to those from the grid of electrodes. Our results show that MEPs with the greatest amplitudes were elicited for 45° and 90° coil orientations, i.e. perpendicular to the central sulcus, for all electrode montages. Stimulation with the coil oriented at 135° and 315°, i.e. parallel to the central sulcus, elicited the smallest MEP amplitudes. Additionally, changes in coil orientation did not affect the spatial distribution of MEPs over the muscle extent. It has been shown that conventional electrodes with detection volume encompassing the APB belly may detect representative MEPs for optimal coil orientations. In turn, non-optimal orientations were identified only with the grid of electrodes. High-density electromyography may therefore provide new insights into the effect of coil orientation on MEPs from the APB muscle.
L’énonciation, la praxis énonciative et le discours
Authors: Rabatel Alain 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The present article reviews the concepts of enunciation in Greimas’s and other semioticians’ works; it examines the way in which these latter revisit Benveniste, the reorientations they propose or the aspects they leave aside, such as the distinction between speaker (as the source of an actualized utterance) and enunciator (as the source of a point of view in a propositional content composed of a modus and a dictum), distinction which, though not present in Benveniste’s work, has been developed afterwards. The article discusses: the link between enunciation and phenomenology, sensoriality and passions; the cognitive processes engaged in the subject’s confrontation to the world which have played a major role in the “post-Greimas” trend and especially in the case of an enunciative praxis that goes beyond narrativity. Nevertheless, this unquestionable enlargement of the notion of enunciation contradicts neither Greimas’s earlier concepts, nor a textual and essentially semiotic approach, due to the attention paid to the structures and to an overall analysis of the materiality of discourse.
Primary aldosteronism as a cause of secondary osteoporosis
Authors: Salcuni Antonio Stefano , Carnevale Vincenzo , Battista Claudia , Palmieri Serena , Eller-Vainicher Cristina , Guarnieri Vito , Pugliese Flavia , Guglielmi Giuseppe , Desina Gaetano , Minisola Salvatore , Chiodini Iacopo , Scillitani Alfredo 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivePatients with primary aldosteronism (PA) have a high prevalence of osteoporosis (OP) and fractures (Fx). We evaluated the presence of PA in patients admitted to our metabolic bone disease outpatient clinic.DesignStudy conducted on an in- and outpatient basis in a referral Italian endocrinology unit.MethodsA total of 2632 patients were evaluated. 2310 were excluded because they were taking drugs known to affect bone or mineralocorticoids metabolism or were diagnosed to have a secondary cause of osteoporosis. The remaining 322 subjects (304 females, 18 males) took part in the study. Bone mineral density (BMD) and thoracic and lumbar spine vertebral morphometry were performed by dual X-ray absorptiometry. All patients were screened for PA with aldosterone-to-renin ratio. In those who had positive results, confirmatory tests were performed.ResultsAmong 322 subjects, 213 were osteoporotics and 109 were not. PA was diagnosed in eleven out of 213 osteoporotic patients (5.2%) and one out of 109 non-osteoporotic subjects (0.9%,P = 0.066). PA was observed in the 26.1% of patients with the concomitant presence of osteoporosis, hypertension and hypercalciuria. Compared with patients without PA, patients with PA had mean values of urinary calcium excretion, 4.8 ± 2.5 mmol/day vs 7.6 ± 3.2 mmol/day,P < 0.001 and serum PTH levels, 5.4 pmol/L vs 7.3 pmol/L,P < 0.01, significantly higher.ConclusionsPA should be considered among the causes of secondary OP.
High-Quality de Novo Genome Assembly of the Dekkera bruxellensis Yeast Using Nanopore MinION Sequencing
Authors: Fournier Téo , Gounot Jean-Sébastien , Freel Kelle , Cruaud Corinne , Lemainque Arnaud , Aury Jean-Marc , Wincker Patrick , Schacherer Joseph , Friedrich Anne 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Genetic variation in natural populations represents the raw material for phenotypic diversity. Species-wide characterization of genetic variants is crucial to have a deeper insight into the genotype-phenotype relationship. With the advent of new sequencing strategies and more recently the release of long-read sequencing platforms, it is now possible to explore the genetic diversity of any nonmodel organisms, representing a fundamental resource for biological research. In the frame of population genomic surveys, a first step is to obtain the complete sequence and high-quality assembly of a reference genome. Here, we sequenced and assembled a reference genome of the nonconventional Dekkera bruxellensis yeast. While this species is a major cause of wine spoilage, it paradoxically contributes to the specific flavor profile of some Belgium beers. In addition, an extreme karyotype variability is observed across natural isolates, highlighting that D. bruxellensis genome is very dynamic. The whole genome of the D. bruxellensis UMY321 isolate was sequenced using a combination of Nanopore long-read and Illumina short-read sequencing data. We generated the most complete and contiguous de novo assembly of D. bruxellensis to date and obtained a first glimpse into the genomic variability within this species by comparing the sequences of several isolates. This genome sequence is therefore of high value for population genomic surveys and represents a reference to study genome dynamic in this yeast species.
Very Preterm Birth and Parents’ Quality of Life 27 Years Later
Authors: Wolke Dieter , Baumann Nicole , Busch Barbara , Bartmann Peter 
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Parents of preterm children experience increased distress early in their children’s lives. Whether the quality of life of parents of preterm children is comparable to that of parents of term children by the time their offspring reach adulthood is unknown. What precursors in their offspring’s childhood predict parental quality of life?

METHODS:
A prospective whole-population study in Germany followed very preterm (VP) (&lt;32 weeks gestation) or very low birth weight (VLBW) (&lt;1500 g) (N = 250) and term-born individuals (N = 230) and their parents (VP or VLBW: N = 219; term: N = 227) from birth to adulthood. Parental quality of life was evaluated with the World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment and the Satisfaction with Life questionnaire when their offspring were adults (mean age 27.3 years, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 27.2 to 27.3). Childhood standard assessments of VP or VLBW and term offspring included neurosensory disability, academic achievement, mental health, and parent-child and peer relationships.

RESULTS:
Overall quality of life of parents of VP or VLBW adults was found to be comparable to parents of term individuals (P &gt; .05). Parental quality of life was not predicted by their children being born VP or VLBW, experiencing disability, academic achievement, or the parent-child relationship in childhood but by their offspring’s mental health (B = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.22) and peer relationships (B = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.16) in childhood.

CONCLUSIONS:
As a testament to resilience, parents of VP or VLBW adults had quality of life comparable to parents of term adults. Support and interventions to improve mental health and peer relationships in all children are likely to improve parents’ quality of life.
Estimación de varianzas genéticas en ocho variedades criollas de maíz para el Bajío mexicano.
Authors: Muñoz Romero Luis Ángel , Navarro Guerrero Enrique , De la Rosa Ibarra Manuel , Pérez Romero Luis , Caamal Dzul Ángel Enrique 
Published: August 2017

The aim of this work was to estimate the combinatory aptitude, genetic variance and heterosis of eight creole corn varieties. The research work was carried in Irapuato, Guanajuato, México, during 2008 and 2009. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used to evaluate the twenty-eight crosses under method 4 Griffing (1956). Each experimental plot included four rows five meters long with a separation of 0,75 m. The general combing ability and specific (ACG and ACE) were highly significant (P<0.01) for all traits except flowering days. The dominance variance (σ2D) was larger and more important than additive variance (σ2A) for most of the traits, indicating that non- additive genetic genes were important on the expression of those traits on crosses. It was observed that varieties P6 (creole #5), P7 (creole #2) and P8 (creole San Antonio) had larger variance effects (σ2ACE) for long cob, number of rows per cob, total cob number, and grain yield. Some outstanding crosses were identified for their high grain yield as well as heterosis, mainly those that included germoplasm of creole #5, #2 and San Antonio. According to the aforementioned we recommend to draw lines from the above populations and cross them to produce hybrids.
Уровни охраны природного наследия: взгляд культуролога
Authors: Калита Светлана Павловна 
Published: August 2017

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">В статье предпринимается попытка с позиций культурологии рассмотреть уровни охраны природного наследия; задачи, которые ставятся на этих уровнях, также<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>основные тенденция развития данного направления. </span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Данная статья не ставит перед собой задачу перечислить полный перечень правовых актов, принятых в разное время с целью сохранения природного наследия. В статье<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>делается попытка в первом приближении пунктирно выделить международный, государственный и региональный уровни охраны природного наследия и проследить, каким образом на разных из уровней решаются вопросы сохранения природного наследия. <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Делается предположение, что проблемы, связанные с охраной природного наследия влекут за собой необходимость активизации гражданского общества и повышению экологической культуры населения. </span></span></p>
The effectiveness of sharp end and rounded end bristle toothbrush
Authors: Januar Paulus , Susetyo Anastasia , Widyastuti Ratih 
Published: August 2017

Background: Numerous designs of manual toothbrush are available in the market with the claims of superiority in plaque removal. It often makes the public confuse which is the best design. The sharp end bristle toothbrush is a modification that commercially available in the market. Purpose: The objective of the study was to compare the effectiveness in plaque removal of the sharp end bristle toothbrush and the rounded end bristle toothbrush. Methods: This clinical trial was a double blind crossover design. The subjects were 65 dental students, divided into two groups for comparing the 2 types of toothbrush. On the 1st day, the allocated toothbrushes were distributedto each group according to their designation, and the subjects were instructed to use the toothbrushes according their normal daily practices. On the 1st, 7th, and 14th day, the subjects were scored using the patient hygiene performance index (PHP index) and the gingival index. Based on cross over design, the same procedure was repeated during the 2 week second test periods using different type of toothbrush respectively. Results: The mean scores of the 2 groups showed no significant difference on the beginning the study. Though minor differences were observed in the effectiveness of toothbrush, but the comparison of the two types of toothbrush showed no statistically significant differences on 7th and 14th day. Conclusion: There were no significant differences between sharp end and rounded end bristle toot brusher. There is no manual toothbrush superiorly designed than the others single superior design of manual toothbrush.Latar belakang: Berbagai jenis desain sikat gigi saat ini terdapat di pasaran, dengan masing-masing menyatakan keunggulannya dalam membersihkan plak. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap dua jenis sikat gigi manual yaitu sikat gigi dengan ujung bulu sikat runcing dan ujung bulus sikat bulat. Tujuan: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membandingkan efektivitas membersihkan plak antara 2 jenis sikat gigi. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan percobaan klinis dengan desain penyilangan (crossover) secara tertutup ganda (double blind). Subyek penelitian 65 mahasiswa dibagi 2 kelompok. Pada hari pertama, sikat gigi dibagikan pada masing-masing kelompok yang telah ditentukan jenis sikat giginya, dan diinstruksikan untuk menggunakannya sesuai kebiasaan mereka. Pada hari ke 1, 7, dan 14 dilakukan pengukuran indeks PHP dan indeks gingiva. Berdasarkan desain penyilangan, proses yang sama diulangi pada masing-masing kelompok dengan menggunakan jenis sikat gigi yang berbeda. Hasil: Pada awal penelitian tidak terdapat perbedaan skor pada ke 2 kelompok. Meski terdapat sedikit perbedaan, namun tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna dalam efektivitas kedua jenis sikat gigi setelah penggunaan selama 7 dan 14 hari. Kesimpulan: Tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara sikat gigi jenis ujung bulu sikat bulat dan ujung bulu sikat runcing. Tidak terdapat satupun jenis sikat gigi yang paling baik.
Pore Connectivity Between Different Wettability Systems in Organic-Rich Shales
Authors: Tinni Ali , Sondergeld Carl , Rai Chandra 
Published: August 2017

Summary
Pore connectivity controls fluid flow in porous media. Well-established methods such as permeability measurements or mercury-injection porosimetry are used to evaluate pore connectivity. However, these methods have limits in unconventional shale formation mainly because of the presence of different-wettability pores with large capillary pressures associated with them. In the present study, we have used the sequential spontaneous imbibition of brine and dodecane to study pore connectivity in shales.
The present study shows the presence of water-wet pores, hydrocarbon-wet pores, and mixed-wettability pores. The water-wet pores are the continuous phase, and are controlled by the amount and distribution of inorganic water-wet minerals. The hydrocarbon-wet pores are essentially contained within the organic matter and require a minimum amount of total organic carbon (TOC), ≈3 wt%, to form a connected network of hydrocarbon wet pores. The ≈3 wt% of TOC is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for developing connectivity throughout organic bodies. The mixed-wettability pores appear to enhance the systems connectivity.
Yield, Nutritive Value, and Preference of Annual Warm‐Season Grasses Grazed by Horses
Authors: DeBoer Michelle L. , Sheaffer Craig C. , Grev Amanda M. , Catalano Devan N. , Wells M. Scott , Hathaway Marcia R. , Martinson Krishona L. 
Published: August 2017

Core Ideas
Teff, sudangrass, and sorghum sudangrass have potential as pasture forage for horses.
Japanese and Siberian millet have little regrowth and are not ideal for pastures.
Inverted Ca/P and high NO3–N were observed and should be determined prior to grazing.
Annual warm‐season grasses have the potential to provide forage, but are rarely evaluated under horse (Equus caballus) grazing. The objectives were to determine yield, forage nutritive values, and preference of annual warm‐season grasses at different maturities under horse grazing. Horses grazed Japanese millet [Echinochloa esculenta (A. Braun) H. Scholz], Siberian millet (E. frumentacea L.), teff [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter], sorghum sudangrass brown midrib (BMR) (Sorghum bicolor × S. bicolor L. var. sudanese), sudangrass [S. bicolor (L.) Moench ssp. drummondii], and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) at vegetative and mature stages in Minnesota; annual ryegrass served as a control. Sudangrass had the highest yield (P ≤ 0.01), producing ≥5.5 Mg ha−1 at the vegetative stage and ≥9.7 Mg ha−1 at the mature stage. Siberian millet produced the lowest yields at the vegetative (≤2.5 Mg ha−1) and mature (≤6.0 Mg ha−1) stages. While all grasses met the nutritional requirements of many classes of adult horses, an inverted Ca to P ratio and high nitrate‐nitrogen (NO3–N) levels were observed. Annual ryegrass was most preferred (P ≤ 0.01) with ≥60% removal at the vegetative stage and ≥40% removal at the mature stage. Siberian millet was least preferred with ≤40% removal at the vegetative stage and ≤5% removal at the mature stage. Based on maximizing yield, forage nutritive values, and preference, teff, sudangrass, and sorghum sudangrass show potential as annual warm‐season horse pasture forages; however, Ca/P and NO3–N should be determined before initiating grazing.
Optimizing Agronomic Practices for Clover Persistence and Corn Yield in a White Clover–Corn Living Mulch System
Authors: Sanders Z. P. , Andrews J. S. , Saha U. K. , Vencill W. , Lee R. D. , Hill N. S. 
Published: August 2017

Core Ideas
Living mulch cover crops help stabilize erosive soils during corn production.
Wide rows enable the living mulch cover crop to re‐establish for subsequent cropping.
Herbicide bands must be kept to a minimum width to permit living mulch.
Removal of crop residue is essential for white clover to perenniate in the living mulch system.
White clover can supply over 100 kg ha−1 N to corn in the living mulch system.
The area dedicated to corn (Zea mays L.) production increased 50% in the southeastern United States between 2006 and 2016, but producers need to find production systems that mitigate environmental impacts on erosive soils. Utilizing a perennial legume in a living mulch system may help stabilize the soil. The objectives of this study were to identify the most successful herbicide banding pattern (20 or 40 cm), corn row spacing (75 or 90 cm), and corn population density (60,000 or 90,000 plants ha−1) to optimize potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN) from white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and maximize clover regrowth in a living mulch system. Plots were established at Floyd and Oconee Counties, Georgia, and tested over 2014 and 2015. Clover persistence and regrowth was best when initial clover suppression used a 20‐cm band and corn was planted on 90‐cm rows. Herbicide‐induced PMN was greater for the wide herbicide band width, but shade‐induced PMN was greater from the narrow band width. Corn shaded the clover at approximately 40 d after planting (DAP) and clover responded by senescing biomass as shading increased. Shading resulted in the majority of PMN regardless of other treatments variables. Corn grain yields were greater in the high population treatments, but there was a year × location × herbicide band width interaction. Considering clover persistence, PMN, and corn grain yield, we conclude that corn planted on 90‐cm rows in 20‐cm wide herbicide bands of dead clover is the best treatment for the living mulch system.