bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of thermal cameras and human observers to estimate population density of fallow deer (Dama dama) from aerial surveys in Tasmania, Australia
Authors: Lethbridge Mark R. , Sharp Andy , Shute Elen , Freeman Ellen 
Published: October 2024

Context The population of introduced fallow deer (Dama dama) is thought to have increased exponentially across much of the island of Tasmania, Australia, since 2000. Historically, deer management decisions have relied on population trend data from vehicular spotlight surveys. Renewed focus on the contemporary management of the species requires development of more robust and precise population estimation methodology. Aims This study demonstrates two aerial survey methods – conventional counts by trained human observers, and thermal imaging footage recorded during the same flights – to inform future survey practices. Methods Conventional counts were carried out by three observers, two seated on the left side of the helicopter, and one on the right. A high-resolution thermal camera was fitted to the helicopter and was orientated to meet the assumptions of distance sampling methodologies. Both survey methods were used to generate deer population density estimates. Spatial distribution of deer was also analysed in relation to patches of remnant native vegetation across an agricultural landscape. Mark–recapture distance sampling was used to estimate density from human observer counts and provide a comparison to the distance sampling estimates derived from the thermal camera. Key results Human observer counts gave a density estimate of 2.7 deer per km2, while thermal camera counts provided an estimate of 2.8 deer per km2. Deer population density estimates calculated via both methods were similar, but variability of the thermal camera estimate (coefficient of variation (CV) of 36%) was unacceptably high. Human observer data was within acceptable bounds of variability (CV, 19%). The estimated population size in central and north-eastern Tasmania for 2019 approximated 53,000 deer. Deer were primarily congregated within 200 metres of the interface between canopy cover and open pasture. Conclusions The population density estimate provides a baseline for monitoring and managing the Tasmanian deer population. Human observer data was more precise than thermal camera data in this study, but thermal counts could be improved by reducing sources of variability. Implications Improvements for the collection of thermal imagery are recommended. Future control efforts may be more efficient if they preferentially target habitat edges at this time of year, paired with random or grid-based searches where population density is lower.
Giving space for self-direction
Authors: Kornfeld Laurenz 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article examines the sanctioning of problem behavior during family breakfasts. Such sanctionings are commonly
initiated with declarative TCUs. These declarative TCUs work as a vehicle for flagging the problem, and thereby occasion behavior
modification ‘indirectly’. While declaratives canonically ‘inform’, it will be shown that not all declarative TCUs in sanctioning
turns are well analyzed as ‘informing’. What they share is an orientation to the wrongdoer’s agency: They give space for the other
person to adjust their behavior ‘themselves’, without having been told to. The prioritization of flagging a problem (as opposed to
telling the other what to do) is explored on the basis of sanctioning moves that are built with both an imperative and a
declarative TCU. Both distributional and qualitative (self-repair) data support the analysis of a preference for self-direction
(Hepburn, 2020). Data are in German and come from the Parallel European
Corpus of Informal Interaction.
Physics-guided full waveform inversion using Encoder-Solver convolutional neural networks
Authors: Goren Matan M , Treister Eran 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) is an inverse problem for estimating the wave velocity distribution in a given domain, based on observed data on the boundaries. The inversion is computationally demanding because we are required to solve multiple forward problems, either in time or frequency domains, to simulate data that are then iteratively fitted to the observed data. We consider FWI in the frequency domain, where the Helmholtz equation is used as a forward model, and its repeated solution is the main computational bottleneck of the inversion process. To ease this cost, we integrate a learning process of an Encoder-Solver preconditioner that is based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The Encoder-Solver is trained to effectively precondition the discretized Helmholtz operator given velocity medium parameters. Then, by re-training the CNN between the iterations of the optimization process, the Encoder-Solver is adapted to the iteratively evolving velocity medium as part of the inversion. Without retraining, the performance of the solver deteriorates as the medium changes. Using our light retraining procedures, we obtain the forward simulations effectively throughout the process. We demonstrate our approach to solving FWI problems using 2D geophysical models with high-frequency data.
Realization of topological Bragg and locally resonant interface states in one-dimensional metamaterial beam-resonator-foundation system
Authors: Zhang Hanqing , Tang Lihua , Hu Guobiao , Li Yingli , Aw Kean 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this study, the one-dimensional (1D) metamaterial beam-foundation system is innovatively improved into a metamaterial beam-resonator-foundation system by inserting resonators into the elastic foundation for ultra-low frequency vibration attenuation and enhanced topological energy trapping. Abundant band gap characteristics are obtained including quasi-static band gap starting from 0 Hz, Bragg scattering band gaps (BSBGs), and local resonance band gaps (LRBGs). Five band folding points are obtained through the band folding mechanism which can be opened by tuning inner and outer resonance parameters. However, only three band folding induced band gaps support mode inversion and Zak phase transition, including one BSBG and two LRBGs. The topological inversion in LRBGs is rarely reported in the 1D mechanical system, which can induce topological locally resonant interface states. The underlying physical mechanism of the topological phase transition in LRBG is revealed, which results from the topological inversion band gap transition from an initial BSBG to a LRBG with resonance parameters changes. Different from conventional 1D topological metamaterials that merely utilize local resonance to lower the band frequency and achieve subwavelength topological states in BSBGs, the topological interface states in LRBGs can localize wave energy to fewer unit cells near the interface, exhibiting enhanced energy localization capacity. The topologically protected interface states are validated with defective cases, demonstrating the potential of topological metamaterials for robust energy harvesting. This study provides new insights into the topological theory of 1D mechanical systems and contributes to the development and implementation of multi-functional devices integrating vibration attenuation and energy trapping.
High-responsivity photoelectrochemical ultraviolet photodetector based on SnO2 nanosheets-Ga2O3
Authors: Chen Haoyan , Huang Yucheng , Yao Rihui , Zhang Kangping , Guo Chenxiao , Liu Dingrong , Hou Mingyue , Deng Zeneng , Ning Honglong , Peng Junbiao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Tin oxide (SnO2) has garnered significant attention for its high spectral selectivity when used as an ultraviolet photodetector (PD). In this study, SnO2 nanosheets (NSs) were synthesized via a hydrothermal method, followed by spin-coating a layer of Ga2O3 thin film to construct a heterojunction photoelectrochemical ultraviolet PD (PEC UV PD). Initially, we investigated the effect of precursor composition on the properties of the Ga2O3 thin films. It was observed that the thickness of the films increased with higher precursor concentrations, while the optical bandgap decreased. Based on these findings, we successfully fabricated the SnO2 NSs-Ga2O3 PEC UV PD. Electrochemical analysis revealed that as the precursor concentration used for spin-coating Ga2O3 increased, the device’s responsivity and detectivity initially increased and then decreased. After optimization, the device prepared with a 0.2 M Ga(NO3)3 solution spin-coated on SnO2 exhibited excellent spectral selectivity (R
265nm/R
420nm ∼ 4472), a responsivity of 4.86 mA W−1, and a detectivity of 2.72 × 109 Jones. This study demonstrates that coating Ga2O3 is an effective approach to constructing high-performance SnO2-based UV PDs.
The Scope of Perception
Authors: Stroud Barry 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter draws out the sceptical implications of an overly restrictive conception of the scope of perception (see chapter 3) and asks whether that conception can be proved to be incorrect. Kant’s transcendental idealism offers such a proof; but we can accept it only at the cost of endorsing idealism. A more modest type of transcendental argument exploits Kant’s insight that making judgements of a certain kind can be a necessary condition of making judgements of a certain other kind, while nonetheless eschewing idealism. Such an argument can show, not that the overly restrictive conception of perception is false, but that it cannot be consistently embraced by anyone who also believes that we have knowledge of the world through perception. For you cannot consistently claim to believe something while also accepting something that implies that the thing you say you believe is not true. That would be just like the agent in Moore’s paradox, who asserts both ‘I believe it is raining’ and ‘It is not raining’.
Seeing and Thereby Knowing
Authors: Pfisterer Christoph C 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Understanding the relation between perception and knowledge is an intricate affair if only because profound questions can arise at both ends. What, if anything, can we know by perception? And what knowledge, if any, do we need to have in order to perceive? The aim of the chapter is not so much to try and answer these traditional questions as to examine the way they converge in the later work of Barry Stroud. I think Stroud is perfectly right that in order to know the things we know by perception we must be capable of perceiving that such-and-such is so. However, the explanation of this fundamental perceptual capacity is prone to an understanding, according to which propositional perception can be analysed by means of objectual perception. Based on a comparison with Fred Dretske’s definition of ‘propositional seeing’, I argue that this is a mistake resulting from the ill-founded belief that propositional seeing is not perceptual. Relatedly, I also address the question of whether propositional seeing just is a way of knowing, dispelling Quassim Cassam’s concern that propositional seeing without objectual seeing is explanatorily idle.
Appearances, Perceptual Knowledge, and Self-Knowledge
Authors: Soldati Gianfranco 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter articulates a view about perceptual appearances, perceptual knowledge, and self-knowledge that rests on the assumption that in perceptual experiences we are directly aware of appearances, the ways things appear in certain contextual circumstances. In perceptual knowledge, appearances are not treated as evidence used in order to infer something about the world, but as manifestations of the very facts one gains perceptual knowledge about. A perceptual judgement of the form ‘a is F’ is justified by the fact that an object appears ∂ because under normal circumstances ∂ is the manifestation of the fact that a is F. The self-attribution of perceptual experiences involves the capacity to use the reasons they make available for judgement. Knowledge of one’s own perceptual experiences is not based on introspective evidence.
Perception, Perceptual Knowledge, and Perceptual Self-Knowledge
Authors: Campbell Lucy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Generally speaking, three distinct phenomena tend to hang together in human perception: perceiving that p, knowing that p, and knowing that one is perceiving that p. This chapter considers how these phenomena are related. I argue that understanding them in the context of a ‘Two-Tier’ epistemological framework, which I have developed in earlier work, automatically delivers an account of these relationships. In short, both perceptual knowledge (that p) and perceptual self-knowledge (that I am perceiving that p) are—in different ways, and for different reasons—explanatorily (but not epistemically) grounded in perceiving that p. The explanation turns in part on understanding perceptual self-knowledge as an aspect of our capacity for rational expression of our states of epistemic perception. We can get a feel for the nature of this capacity, I suggest, by focussing on its exercise in basic invitations to joint perceptual attention.
Sudden death in epilepsy: the overlap between cardiac and neurological factors
Authors: Shlobin Nathan A , Thijs Roland D , Benditt David G , Zeppenfeld Katja , Sander Josemir W 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
People with epilepsy are at risk of premature death, of which sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), sudden cardiac death (SCD) and sudden arrhythmic death syndrome (SADS) are the primary, partly overlapping, clinical scenarios. We discuss the epidemiologies, risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms for these sudden death events. We reviewed the existing evidence on sudden death in epilepsy. Classification of sudden death depends on the presence of autopsy and expertise of the clinician determining aetiology. The definitions of SUDEP, SCD and SADS lead to substantial openings for overlap. Seizure-induced arrhythmias constitute a minority of SUDEP cases. Comorbid cardiovascular conditions are the primary determinants of increased SCD risk in chronic epilepsy. Genetic mutations overlap between the states, yet whether these are causative, associated or incidentally present is often unclear. Risk stratification for sudden death in people with epilepsy requires a multidisciplinary approach, including a review of clinical history, toxicological analysis and complete autopsy with histologic and, preferably, genetic examination. We recommend pursuing genetic testing of relatives of people with epilepsy who died suddenly, mainly if a post-mortem genetic test contained a Class IV/V (pathogenic/likely pathogenic) gene variant. Further research may allow more precise differentiation of SUDEP, SCD and SADS and the development of algorithms for risk stratification and preventative strategies.
Community development, the carceral state and the necessary challenge of penal abolitionism
Authors: Kiely Elizabeth , Meade Rosie R , Swirak Katharina 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article introduces and explains the key concerns that have informed and inspired this Special Issue of the Community Development Journal. It sees punishment and prisons as troubling issues for community development despite the comparative lack of attention they have received in the journal to date. The article acknowledges that the specific forms that punishment, incarceration and their alternatives take have profound implications for the lives people live in communities; but that those forms of punishment, as well as resistances to them, are also shaped by collective activism and actors operating from, on, through or on behalf of communities, both real and imagined. We reflect on changing conceptions of the carceral state, positing that ‘carceral community development’ is playing an increasingly prominent role in the extension, outsourcing and normalization of punishment internationally. Against such tendencies, we consider the potential for abolitionist theory and practice to contribute to a critically self-reflexive community development that is committed to anti-carceral or de-carceral futures, and to the building of concrete forms of community in the here and now.
Leveraging metabolism for better outcomes in heart failure
Authors: Ng Yann Huey , Koay Yen Chin , Marques Francine Z , Kaye David M , O’Sullivan John F 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Whilst metabolic inflexibility and substrate constraint have been observed in heart failure for many years, their exact causal role remains controversial. In parallel, many of our fundamental assumptions about cardiac fuel use are now being challenged like never before. For example, the emergence of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor therapy as one of the four ‘pillars’ of heart failure therapy is causing a revisit of metabolism as a key mechanism and therapeutic target in heart failure. Improvements in the field of cardiac metabolomics will lead to a far more granular understanding of the mechanisms underpinning normal and abnormal human cardiac fuel use, an appreciation of drug action, and novel therapeutic strategies. Technological advances and expanding biorepositories offer exciting opportunities to elucidate the novel aspects of these metabolic mechanisms. Methodologic advances include comprehensive and accurate substrate quantitation such as metabolomics and stable-isotope fluxomics, improved access to arterio-venous blood samples across the heart to determine fuel consumption and energy conversion, high quality cardiac tissue biopsies, biochemical analytics, and informatics. Pairing these technologies with recent discoveries in epigenetic regulation, mitochondrial dynamics, and organ-microbiome metabolic crosstalk will garner critical mechanistic insights in heart failure. In this state-of-the-art review, we focus on new metabolic insights, with an eye on emerging metabolic strategies for heart failure. Our synthesis of the field will be valuable for a diverse audience with an interest in cardiac metabolism.
Lateral atrial septal defect closure with induced ventricular fibrillation versus cardioplegic arrest
Authors: Carstens Henning , Biermann Daniel , Sachweh Jörg , Munz Martin , Hüners Ida , Kozlik-Feldmann Rainer , Hübler Michael 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Minimally invasive surgical closure of atrial septal defects is gaining widespread acceptance and can be performed via a right midaxillary thoracotomy. In addition, the procedure can be performed in ischaemic cardiac arrest or fibrillation with a core body temperature between 34°C and 36°C.

OBJECTIVES
We present our single-centre results of paediatric patients who underwent surgical atrial septal defect II closure via lateral thoracotomy.

METHODS
Retrospective analysis. Patients were divided into a cardiac arrest group and a cardiac fibrillation group. All procedures were performed via right midaxillary thoracotomy through a single incision without side ports.

RESULTS
All 37 consecutive patients between March 2019 and August 2022 (median age 3 years; percentile 25th: 2; 75th: 5 years) in both groups were free of mortality and postoperative morbidity such as haemodynamically relevant residual shunt or malignant arrhythmias. Cardiopulmonary bypass time was significantly shorter in the fibrillation group (mean: 34.7 min vs 52.6 min, P = 0.01), and all patients were weaned off the ventilator immediately postoperatively. Length of the intensive care unit stay was not different between the 2 groups. Postoperative hospital stay was significantly longer in patients with cardiac arrest (mean: 5.6 days vs 4.9 days, P = 0.04). Postoperative laboratory parameters did not differ between the 2 groups. All patients were discharged with normal left ventricular function and normalized cardiac enzymes.

CONCLUSIONS
Minimally invasive closure of an atrial septal defect during atrial fibrillation is a safe procedure with results comparable to those of an induced cardiac arrest procedure.
Algebraic Aspects and Functoriality of the Set of Affiliated Operators
Authors: Ghosh Indrajit , Nayak Soumyashant 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this article, we aim to provide a satisfactory algebraic description of the set of affiliated operators for von Neumann algebras. Let $\mathscr{M}$ be a von Neumann algebra acting on a Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$, and let $\mathscr{M}_{\text{aff}}$ denote the set of unbounded operators of the form $T = AB^{\dagger }$ for $A, B \in \mathscr{M}$ with $\text{null} (B) \subseteq \text{null} (A)$, where $(\cdot )^{\dagger }$ denotes the Kaufman inverse. We show that $\mathscr{M}_{\text{aff}}$ is closed under sum, product, Kaufman-inverse, and adjoint, and has the structure of a (right) near-semiring. Moreover, the above quotient representation of an operator in $\mathscr{M}_{\text{aff}}$ is essentially unique. Thus, we may view $\mathscr{M}_{\text{aff}}$ as the multiplicative monoid of unbounded operators on $\mathcal{H}$ generated by $\mathscr{M}$ and $\mathscr{M}^{\dagger }$. We further show that our definition of affiliation, as reflected in $\mathscr{M}_{\text{aff}}$, subsumes the traditional one. Let $\Phi $ be a unital normal *-homomorphism between represented von Neumann algebras $(\mathscr{M}; \mathcal{H})$ and $(\mathscr{N}; \mathcal{K})$. Using the quotient representation, we obtain a canonical extension of $\Phi $ to a mapping $\Phi _{\text{aff}}: \mathscr{M}_{\text{aff}} \to \mathscr{N}_{\text{aff}}$ which is a near-semiring homomorphism that respects Kaufman-inverse and adjoint; in addition, $\Phi _{\text{aff}}$ respects Murray–von Neumann affiliation of operators and also respects strong sum and strong product. Thus, $\mathscr{M}_{\text{aff}}$ is intrinsically associated with $\mathscr{M}$ and transforms functorially as we change representations of $\mathscr{M}$. Furthermore, $\Phi _{\text{aff}}$ preserves operator properties such as being symmetric, or positive, or accretive, or sectorial, or self-adjoint, or normal, and also preserves the Friedrichs and Krein–von Neumann extensions of densely defined closed positive operators. As a proof of concept, we transfer some well-known results about closed unbounded operators to the setting of closed affiliated operators for properly infinite von Neumann algebras, via “abstract nonsense”.