bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of tadpole size on cell-mediated competition between anuran larvae Bufo calamita and Rana temporaria) in the laboratory
Authors: Wong Adeline , Beebee Trevor J.C. , Griffiths Richard 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe faeces of tadpoles frequently contain cells that can inhibit the growth of other individuals. We examined the mechanism of such cell-mediated interference competition in interactions between tadpoles of Rana temporaria and Bufo calamita. When R. temporaria and B. calamita tadpoles were exposed to cell-laden faeces from larger R. temporaria tadpoles, growth was inhibited relative to controls. Tadpoles of B. calamita remained susceptible to the inhibitory effects of the cells for longer during development than those of R. temporaria. In the presence of excess food, cell production by both species was related to stage of development. Tadpoles raised with cell-laden faeces from R. temporaria tadpoles produced more cells/tadpole/hour than those raised without competitor faeces, and smaller tadpoles were more inhibited than larger tadpoles.
EFFECTS OF FREQUENCY AND LENGTH OF SEPARATION BOUTS BETWEEN MOTHER AND OFFSPRING ON LATER EXPLORATIVE BEHAVIOUR OF YOUNG GUINEA-PIGS (CAVIA APEREA F.PORCELLUS)
Authors: Albers P.C.H. , Timmermans P.J.A. , Vossen J.M.H. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Previous studies have shown that maternal behaviour is correlated with later explorative behaviour of the young. Exploring the eventual effects of maternal behaviour on the explorative behaviour of young guinea pigs, we examined the effects of frequency and length of separation bouts between mother and offspring. For 39 pups daily duration of contact with the mother was kept constant (17 hours) but the frequency of daily contact (and thus the length of the separation bouts) varied. Using a split-litter design three groups were created that were separated from the mother 3, 6 or 9 times each day from day 3 until day 20. Several precautions were taken to avoid distress of the pups during separation caused by heat loss, social isolation or unfamiliarity with the separation cage. The development of the explorative behaviour was assessed by means of a series of tests representing several aspects of explorative behaviour. All groups showed equal growth during the treatment period. It is shown that the group separated 3 times for a long period scored higher in explorative behaviour than the other groups that were separated more often but for shorter periods. In particular walking, duration of presence, and sniffing in the novel environment were increased compared to the groups separated 6 or 9 times but were also increased when compared to average scores of a previous study. It could be shown that individuals were persistent in time with regard to the maximum distance they entered into a novel environment.
The effect of artificial substrates on the pathogenicity of Steinernema feltiae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) to adult Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: Renn Nick , Wright Elaine 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Effects of some artificial substrates on the ability of the entomopathogenic
nematode Steinernema feltiae to kill adult Musca domestica were studied.
Replicate samples of different substrates were treated with known numbers of
S. feltiae suspended in 0.25 M sucrose. Then 30 adult female flies were
confined above each sample in a crystalizing basin and mortality counts were
carried out 48 h later. The most effective substrates were poplin cotton,
potting compost, silver sand and Fibertex SF250 horticultural capillary
matting, which gave LD50 in the range of 2815 to 8912 S. feltiae.
Conversely, Perlite was the least efficient material and required between
531 450 and 899 930 S. feltiae to achieve the LD50. These effects appeared
to be related to the total porosity (ratio of the volume of air spaces in
each material to its bulk volume) of each material, with the most efficient
materials having total porosities in a median range of between 0.81 and
0.14. The significance of these observations is discussed. Les effets de
certains substrats artificiels sur l’aptitude du nématode entomopathogène
Steinernema feltiae à tuer les adultes de Musca domestica ont été étudiés.
Des sérics d’échantillons de différents substrats ont été traitées avec des
nombres connus de S. feltiae en suspension dans une solution de saccharose
0,25 M. Trente mouches femelles adultes ont été ensuite enfermées au-dessus
de chaque échantillon, dans un cristallisoir, et des dénombrements de
mortalité effectués 48 h plus tard. Les substrats les plus efficaces ont été
la popeline de coton, le terreau de rempotage, le sable micacé et le
Fibertex SF250, une natte capillaire horticole, qui ont permis d’atteindre
la LD50 dans la fourchette de 2815 à 8912 S. feltiae. Par contre, la Perlite
s’est révélée le matériau le moins efficace, et il a fallu entre 531 450 et
899 930 S. feltiae pour atteindre la LD50. Ces effets semblent liés à la
porosité totale (rapport entre le volume des espaces remplis d’air dans
chaque matériau et son volume en vrac) des matériaux, celle des plus
efficaces étant située dans une fourchette médiane de 0,81 et 0,14.
L’importance de ces observations est discutée.
Resistance to rice root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola identified in Oryza longistaminata and O. glaberrima
Authors: Soriano Imelda R. , Schmit Veronique , Brar Darshan S. , Prot Jean-Claude , Reversat Georges 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Accessions of Oryza longistaminata and O. glaberrima, two rice species from
Africa, and O. sativa were screened to identify sources of resistance to
Meloidogyne graminicola. An initial population of 6000 J2/plant was
inoculated to cuttings of the African rice species and 5-day-old seedlings
of O. sativa. Root nematode densities were estimated 60 days after the last
inoculation. O. sativa entries were all susceptible to the rice root-knot
nematode. One accession of O. longistaminata represented by two individuals
(WL02-2 and WL02-15) and three accessions of O. glaberrima (TOG7235, TOG5674
and TOG5675) were resistant to M. graminicola. DL01-1, an O. longistaminata
accession, was susceptible to the rice root-knot nematode. Identification de
sources de resistance a Meloidogyne graminicola chez Oryza longistaminata et
O. glaberrima - Plusieurs accessions d'Oryza longistaminata et d'O.
glaberrima, deux riz africains, et d'O. sativa ont ete criblees pour trouver
des sources de resistance a Meloidogyne graminicola. Des inoculums de 6000
J2 par plante ont ete inocules sur des boutures des deux riz africains et
sur des plantules de 5 jours d'O. sativa. Les populations presentes dans les
racines ont ete evaluees 60 jours apres l'inoculation. Toutes les varietes
testees d'O. sativa etaient sensibles. Une accession d'O. longistaminata,
representee par deux individus (WLO2-2 et WLO2-15), et trois accessions d'O.
glaberrima (TOG7235, TOG5674 et TOG5675) etaient resistantes.
Magnetic anisotropy and X- ray diffraction study of clay minerals in the decollement horizons of the western Helvetic nappes, SW Switzerland
Authors: Dick P. , Burkhard M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAnisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) and X-ray diffraction studies on shale decollement horizons in the Western Helvetic nappes were conducted to delineate the interactions between clay particles and deformation during a non-coaxial thrusting deformation. The reorientation of magnetic lineations in the decollement horizons, from a NW—SW thrusting direction to a NE—SW oriented lateral escape, provides the opportunity to study the evolution of magnetic fabrics and clay mineralogy during a two-step deformation history. The AMS of these shales originates from paramagnetic phyllosilicate minerals: illite, phengite and chlorite. Clay mineral studies indicate that magnetic lineations parallel to the thrust directions correspond to the spatial organization of the basal planes of phengites, whereas those parallel to the lateral escape movement are caused by illites. This work indicates that the change in direction of magnetic lineations from orogenic contraction to lateral escape not only records the strain history but also the dissolution and neoformation of paramagnetic minerals.
Application of phenyl salicylate-sepiolite systems as ultraviolet radiation filters
Authors: del Hoyo C. , Vicente M. A. , Rives V. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe interaction between phenyl salicylate and sepiolite has been studied using drugclay systems obtained by melting and grinding. The samples have been characterized by powder Xray diffraction, differential thermal and thermogravimetric analyses, and Vis-UV and FT-IR spectroscopies. ‘Free’ water molecules are steadily substituted by the drug molecules, without any chemical change as shown by FT-IR. The systems prepared improved the protecting ability of the pure sepiolite or the pure drug against ultraviolet radiation, especially in the so-called ‘C’ range (290-190 nm).
Twin walls and hierarchical mesoscopic structures
Authors: Salje E. K. H. , Bismayer U. , Hayward S. A. , Novak J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractNetworks of interacting twin walls form hierarchical, mesoscopic structures in minerals. The typical thickness of transformation twins at T ≪ TC is ˜3 nm and increases at T → TC as . The internal structure of twin walls is derived to be chiral in systems with coupled order parameters. The effect of wall bending is discussed.
The crystal chemistry of duftite, PbCuAsO4(OH) and the β-duftite problem
Authors: Kharisun  , Taylor Max R. , Bevan D. J. M , Pring Allan 
Published: July 2002

AbstractDuftite, PbCu(AsO4)(OH) is orthorhombic, space groupP212121witha= 7.768(1),b= 9. 211(1),c= 5.999(1) Å, Z = 4; the structure has been refined to R = 4.6% and Rw = 6.5% using 640 observed reflections [F> 2σ(F)]. The structure consists of chains of edge-sharing CuO6‘octahedra’, parallel to c; which are linked via AsO4tetrahedra and Pb atoms in distorted square antiprismatic co-ordination to form a three dimensional network. The CuO6‘octahedra’ show Jahn-Teller distortion with the elongation running approximately along <627>. The hydrogen bonding network in the structure was characterized using bond valence calculations. ‘β-duftite’ is an intermediate in the duftite-conichalcite series, which has a modulated structure based on the intergrowth of the two structures in domains of approximately 50 Å. The origin of the modulation is thought to be associated with displacements in the oxygen lattice and is related to the orientation of the Jahn-Teller distortion of CuO6‘octahedra’. Approximately half of the strips show an elongation parallel to <627> while the other strips are elongated parallel to [010]. This ordering results in an increase in thebcell repeat compared to duftite and conichalcite.
Tamarugite on the Isle of Wight, UK
Authors: King R. J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractTamarugite (NaAl(SO4)2.6H2O) occurs at Compton Chine (NGR SZ 36808513), on the Isle of Wight, U.K., as globular encrustations covering an area of 2.8 m2 on argillaceous
pyritous siltstones of the Lower Greensand Group, Lower Cretaceous. It is proposed that the production of H2SO4 from oxidizing pyrite in the siltstones releases Al ions from the argillaceous sediments, the Na content being acquired from sea spray. An analogy is made between Compton Chine and an occurrence in Victoria, Australia.
Asymmetric zoning profiles in garnet from HP-HT granulite and implications for volume and grain-boundary diffusion
Authors: O’Brien P. J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractDetailed electron-microprobe line profiles and small-area compositional maps of zoned garnets in a sample of high-pressure-high-temperature granulite show features inconsistent with commonly applied diffusion models. Larger grains of an early garnet generation have their highest Ca contents in domains away from the rim or inclusions but show a sharp fall in Ca balanced by increased Mg and Fe (and slightly higher XMg) towards inclusions and the rim. In domains with secondary biotite, the sharp decrease in Ca is accompanied by variations in XMg dependent upon proximity to biotite, thus producing one-sided, asymmetric profiles with XMg lower against biotite. As a consequence, rim compositions of the same grain are different on the sides adjacent and away from biotite and there is no relationship between grain size and rim XMg. Such a zoning pattern requires that grain-boundary diffusion is as slow as volume diffusion and implies the absence of a diffusion-enhancing grain-boundary fluid phase during the majority of the rock's high-temperature exhumation history. Diffusion models ignoring this probability could yield either cooling rates that were too fast, or extrapolated ages based on closure temperature models that were too old.A second garnet generation in the same rock, grown in a Ca-rich domain resulting from kyanite breakdown, has irregularly distributed patches, identified by compositional mapping, containing higher Ca than the first-formed garnet but at lower XMg. Use of such garnet compositions for geothermobarometrical determination of the high-pressure granulite stage would clearly lead to erroneous results. The presence of such contrasting garnet compositions in a granulite-facies rock is clearly evidence of disequilibrium, and further supports the proposition that there was a lack of an effective transport medium even at the mm scale.
Defective spectrin integrity and neonatal thrombosis in the first mouse model for severe hereditary elliptocytosis
Authors: Wandersee Nancy J. , Roesch Amanda N. , Hamblen Nancy R. , de Moes Joost , van der Valk Martin A. , Bronson Roderick T. , Gimm J. Aura , Mohandas Narla , Demant Peter , Barker Jane E. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractMutations affecting the conversion of spectrin dimers to tetramers result in hereditary elliptocytosis (HE), whereas a deficiency of human erythroid α- or β-spectrin results in hereditary spherocytosis (HS). All spontaneous mutant mice with cytoskeletal deficiencies of spectrin reported to date have HS. Here, the first spontaneous mouse mutant,sphDem/ sphDem, with severe HE is described. The sphDem mutation is the insertion of an intracisternal A particle element in intron 10 of the erythroid α-spectrin gene. This causes exon skipping, the in-frame deletion of 46 amino acids from repeat 5 of α-spectrin and alters spectrin dimer/tetramer stability and osmotic fragility. The disease is more severe insphDem/sphDem neonates than in α-spectrin–deficient mice with HS. Thrombosis and infarction are not, as in the HS mice, limited to adults but occur soon after birth. Genetic background differences that exist between HE and HS mice are suspect, along with red blood cell morphology differences, as modifiers of thrombosis timing.sphDem/sphDem mice provide a unique model for analyzing spectrin dimer- to-tetramer conversion and identifying factors that influence thrombosis.
Comparison of effects of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors AG957, AG490, and STI571 on BCR-ABL–expressing cells, demonstrating synergy between AG490 and STI571
Authors: Sun Xuemei , Layton Judith E. , Elefanty Andrew , Lieschke Graham J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractSTI571 (formerly CGP57148) and AG957 are small molecule inhibitors of the protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) p145abland its oncogenic derivative p210bcr-abl. AG490 is an inhibitor of the PTK Janus kinase 2 (JAK2). No direct comparison of these inhibitors has previously been reported, so this study compared their effects on factor-dependent FDC-P1, 32D, and MO7e cells and their p210bcr-abl-expressing factor-independent derivatives. STI571 was a more potent inhibitor of3H-thymidine incorporation in p210bcr-abl-expressing cells than was AG957, and it showed superior discrimination between inhibitory effects on parental cell lines and effects on their p210bcr-abl-expressing derivatives. Assays performed with and without growth factor demonstrated that STI571 but not AG957 reversed the p210bcr-abl-driven factor independence of cell lines. p210bcr-abl-expressing cells were less sensitive to AG490 than to AG957 or STI571. However, for p210bcr-abl-expressing clones from all 3 cell lines, synergistic inhibition was demonstrated between STI571 and concentrations of AG490 with no independent inhibitory effect. Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis with AG957 treatment was associated with reduced cell numbers, reduced viability, and small pyknotic apoptotic cells. At concentrations of STI571 that reversed the p210bcr-abl factor-independent phenotype, STI571 treatment and growth factor deprivation together were sufficient to induce apoptosis. This study concludes that, for the cell lines studied, (1) STI571 is a more potent and more selective inhibitor of a p210bcr-abl-dependent phenotype than AG957; (2) AG490 synergizes with STI571 to enhance its inhibitory effect on p210bcr-abl-driven proliferation; and (3) the combination of p210bcr-abl-tyrosine kinase inhibition and growth factor signal withdrawal can be sufficient to induce apoptotic death of transformed cells.
Erythropoiesis in the absence of janus-kinase 2: BCR-ABL induces red cell formation in JAK2−/− hematopoietic progenitors
Authors: Ghaffari Saghi , Kitidis Claire , Fleming Mark D. , Neubauer Hans , Pfeffer Klaus , Lodish Harvey F. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe receptor-associated protein tyrosine kinase janus-kinase 2 (JAK2) is essential for normal red cell development and for erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) signaling. JAK2−/− embryos are severely deficient in erythropoiesis and die at an early stage of development from fetal anemia. The binding of erythropoietin (Epo) to the EpoR triggers the activation of JAK2, the phosphorylation of the EpoR, and the initiation of the EpoR signaling cascade. In addition to Epo binding to its receptor, signaling pathways downstream of the EpoR can also be stimulated by the BCR-ABL oncoprotein. This study explored whether JAK2 is required for BCR-ABL–mediated stimulation of erythropoiesis. Here, it is shown that JAK2 is constitutively tyrosine phosphorylated in cultured and primary erythroid cells expressing BCR-ABL. However, BCR-ABL effectively supports normal erythroid proliferation, differentiation, and maturation in JAK2-deficient fetal liver cells. Using mutants of BCR-ABL, this study shows that certain signaling pathways activated by BCR-ABL segments distinct from its tyrosine kinase domain are essential for rescue of erythropoiesis in JAK2−/− progenitors. The consequences of these multiple signaling pathways for normal erythroid development are discussed.
Clinical, immunologic, and pathologic correlates of bone marrow involvement in 291 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome–related lymphoma
Authors: Seneviratne Lasika , Espina Byron M. , Nathwani Bharat N. , Chan Joel A. , Brynes Russell K. , Levine Alexandra M. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Bone marrow involvement is reported in approximately 25% of patients with newly diagnosed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome–related lymphoma (ARL). Studied were 291 patients with ARL, diagnosed and treated at one medical center between 1984 and 1998. Clinical, immunologic, and pathologic characteristics of patients with bone marrow involvement were compared with those of patients without marrow involvement. Bone marrow involvement was present in 55 patients (19%). Small noncleaved lymphoma was diagnosed in 38% of the entire group and was the most common pathologic subtype in patients with bone marrow involvement (55% versus 34%;P = .008). Analysis of complete blood counts revealed a median hemoglobin level of 10.6 g/dL in both marrow-positive and marrow-negative groups. In contrast, a platelet count lower than 100 000/μL was more common in patients with bone marrow involvement (27% versus 11%; P = .02). Patients with marrow involvement were more likely to have leptomeningeal (cerebrospinal fluid [CSF]) lymphoma than patients whose marrows were uninvolved (24% versus 7%; P &lt; .001) and were also more likely to have high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (P = .002), bone involvement (P &lt; .001), and/or systemic B symptoms including fever, night sweats, and/or weight loss (P = .05). Median survival did not differ between marrow-positive and marrow-negative groups. On multivariate analysis, factors associated with decreased survival of marrow-positive patients included greater than 50% involvement (P = .002), systemic B symptoms (P = .008), and high-grade histologic type (P = .035). Marrow involvement in ARL correlates with small noncleaved pathology, thrombocytopenia lower than 100 000 mm3, high LDH, and lymphomatous involvement of the CSF. Survival is statistically shorter in patients with greater than 50% marrow involvement, high-grade pathology, and/or systemic B symptoms.
Scabies, Bedbug, and Body Lice Infestations
Authors: Thomas Cristina , Castillo Valladares Herbert , Berger Timothy G. , Chang Aileen Y. 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceScabies, bedbug, and body lice infestations are caused by organisms that live on or in the skin, on clothing, or in the environment and commonly cause pruritus and rash. In 2021, approximately 622 million incident cases of scabies occurred globally. Data on bedbug infestations are limited. Body lice prevalence ranges from 4.1% to 35% among persons experiencing homelessness worldwide.ObservationsScabies is caused by mites (Sarcoptes scabiei) that burrow into the epidermis. Transmission primarily occurs from prolonged skin-to-skin contact with an individual who has an infestation. Common scabies is characterized by excoriated pruritic papules, plaques, and pathognomonic burrows on finger/toe web spaces, volar wrists, ankles, axillae, buttocks, male genitalia, and areolae. Permethrin cream and oral ivermectin are first-line treatments for adults, with similar clearance rates by week 2 (74% with permethrin vs 68% with ivermectin; relative risk, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.76-1.08). Treatment failure can occur with oral ivermectin (11.8%; 95% CI, 8.4%-15.4%) and topical permethrin (10.8%; 95% CI, 7.5%-14.5%). Bedbugs (Cimex lectularius, Cimex hemipterus) are insects that live on mattresses and furniture and feed on blood nocturnally, causing linear pruritic erythematous papules. New skin lesions on waking, cohabitants with similar symptoms, and recently residing in a high-occupancy setting should raise suspicion. Treatment requires eradication with pest management. Body lice (Pediculus humanus humanus) are insects found on clothing that travel to the skin for blood meals. Body lice bites cause pruritic excoriated macules/papules and hyperpigmentation in areas where clothing seams contact skin. Treatment and prevention require at least once-weekly bathing and laundering of clothing and bedding.Conclusions and RelevanceScabies, bedbug, and body lice infestations are common. Accurate diagnosis requires taking a history, including social drivers of health (eg, housing status, living environment), and physical examination. First-line treatments include scabicides for patients with common scabies and their close contacts. Scabies, bedbug, and body lice infestations should be treated with decontamination measures.
Research on the design process of Shizuoka Shinbun Takamatsu Apartment
Authors: Toyokawa Saikaku 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTakamatsu House for the newspaper Shizuoka Shimbun was to be a corporate residence consisting of family and single apartments. The premises are a stone's throw from Totoiseki. The planning for the project took place between 1955 and 1956. The Tange Laboratory was in charge of the design. However, the project was never realized due to the inability to resolve technical issues. This study will clarify the design process for Takamatsu House at that time, and while doing so, we will consider the influence of the public housing standard design, the relationship with the 1960 plan for Tokyo.