bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of DC‐bus control modes and impacts on energy yield for a modular HVDC wind drive train
Authors: da Rocha Lorrana Faria , Verkroost Lynn , Vansompel Hendrik , Olsen Pål Keim 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article aims to investigate different dc‐bus voltage balancing control modes for a modular HVDC drive train applied to offshore wind energy. The modular structure discussed consists of a stacked polyphase bridge converter connected to the modules of a segmented generator. Three voltage control modes are analysed: non‐voltage balancing, voltage balancing allowing overcurrent, and voltage balancing with power derating. Assembly imperfections and operation differences can cause parametric deviations across modules leading to generation unbalance. When operating with voltage balancing with power derating, none has ac overcurrent or dc overvoltage. However, when the turbine is already operating at nominal power, a reduction in total power is required for this to occur. On the other hand, non‐voltage balancing or voltage balancing allowing overcurrent could bring more generated power to the system as the optimal output power allows dc overvoltage or ac overcurrent in some of the modules, respectively. Therefore, there is a trade‐off between efficiency and oversizing the system's components. A sensitivity analysis is performed to identify the expected dc‐bus voltage deviation. Experimental results in a low‐power prototype validate the voltage balancing control modes and a case study demonstrates the impact on energy yield in an offshore wind turbine.
Design optimization of inner and outer‐rotor PMSGs for X‐ROTOR wind turbines
Authors: Yazdanpanah Reza , Mortazavizadeh Seyed Abolfazl , Salehian Mohammad , Campos‐Gaona David , Anaya‐Lara Olimpo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article presents an analytical design approach for the inner and outer rotor Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators (PMSGs) that are a key component of wind turbines. By developing the analytical model, sensitivity analysis has been performed to determine the effect of some important geometrical and electromagnetic parameters on the generator's output characteristics. The GA optimization algorithm was used to find optimized designs in terms of efficiency, weight, cost, and temperature rise. In order to find the global optimization solution within the allowed variable range and in accordance with the constraints, a combined objective function has also been defined. In order to validate the analytical model, ANSYS electromagnetic and thermal simulations have been used. With this approach, the designer is provided with a good understanding of the input parameters and constraints in light of the application requirements.
Deception mechanisms of FDA‒AWACS against passive monopulse angle measurements
Authors: Wang Bo , Wang Gang , Li Yonglin , Yang Rennong , Zhao Yu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAirborne warning and control systems (AWACS) serve as critical command and control centres in air combat operations, making them prime targets for strategic attacks. These enemy attacks typically rely on the accurate determination of AWACS combat positions using different direction‐finding devices. In particular, passive monopulse angle measurement systems locate AWACS by measuring the angles of signals emitted by AWACS radiation sources, thus rendering them vulnerable to attacks. Given the criticality of the airborne radars of AWACS in battle command and control operations, they must function continuously to monitor air and sea targets. Hence, AWACS cannot effectively evade electronic reconnaissance systems through tactics such as radar shutdown. To explore alternative measures, the authors investigate the deception mechanisms of an integrated frequency diverse array AWACS (FDA‒AWACS) against passive monopulse angle measurements. Using an established FDA signal model, the principles underlying two common monopulse angle measurement methods are first outlined. Subsequently, the angle estimation formulae typically used by these monopulse angle measurement systems to interpret received FDA radiation signals are derived. Additionally, the transmit beampatterns, amplitude patterns, and angle measurement deception capabilities of several typical FDAs are examined. Simulation results indicate that the FDA‒AWACS can theoretically deceive passive monopulse angle measurement systems to a certain extent. However, one‐dimensional uniform linear FDAs and other arrays using sinusoidal frequency offsets exhibit limited deception abilities. In contrast, arrays utilising cubic and quartic frequency offset achieve angle measurement errors exceeding 2° in far‐field scenarios.
Typ-I-Allergien ganzheitlich behandeln
Authors: Hinteregger-Männel Jessica 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungImmer mehr Menschen leiden an Allergien. Neben genetischen Faktoren spielen
Umwelteinflüsse und das Darmmikrobiom, aber auch das vegetative Nervensystem eine
entscheidende Rolle bei der Entwicklung von Allergien. Neben einer mikrobiologischen
Therapie und einer Ernährungsumstellung kann auch die Osteopathie eingesetzt werden.
Eine osteopathische Behandlung unterstützt die Selbstregulation und hat einen
vielfältigen Einfluss auf das vegetative Nervensystem und Autoregulationsprozesse,
die bei allergischen Erkrankungen gestört sind.
Evaluation of Lysosphingolipid Analysis for the Diagnosis of
Lysosomal Storage Disease
Authors: Civelek-Ürey Burcu , Kasapkara Cigdem Seher , Biberoğlu Gürsel , Öktem Rıdvan Murat , Gunduz Mehmet , Kıreker-Köylü Oya , Yürek Burak , Bilginer Gürbüz Berrak , Tumer Leyla 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLysosomal storage disorders (LSD) are a group of inherited inborn metabolism
errors that are characterized by a deficiency in the lysosomal enzyme. In
patients with suspected lipid storage disorders, confirmation of the diagnosis
relies predominantly on the measurement of specific enzymatic activities and
molecular genetic studies. New approaches to the measurement of
lysosphingolipids have been developed that may serve as a rapid first-tier
screening tests for the evaluation of lysosomal storage disorders. The present
study evaluates the results of lysosphingolipid screening tests in patients with
suspected lysosomal storage diseases. Lysosphingolipid elevation was detected in
five patients examined with suspected lysosomal storage disease, and a
definitive diagnosis was reached based on genetic analysis. Our data support
recent evidence of the primary role of LysoSLs in the diagnosis of
sphingolipidosis, and suggest that these biomarkers may be used for diagnosis
and treatment monitoring in the future.
Die Kosten der Lipödem-Behandlung übersteigen den DRG-Erlös –
Evaluation der operativen Behandlungskosten des Lipödems (Stadium III) an einer
deutschen Universitätsklinik
Authors: Moog Philipp , Gawlik Edith , Eisenreich Stefan , Schoeffski Oliver , Machens Hans-Günther , Jiang Jun , Kükrek Haydar 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Liposuktion des Lipödems Stadium III ist eine
leitliniengerechte Behandlung, welche seit dem Beschluss des Gemeinsamen
Bundesausschusses 09/2019 (G-BA) unter bestimmten Bedingungen zu Lasten der
gesetzlichen Krankenkasse (GKV) durchgeführt werden kann. Wir vertreten die
These, dass die Behandlung im universitären Kostensystem nicht kostendeckend
abgebildet wird.
Material und Methoden In dieser monozentrischen, retrospektiven Studie
konnten die ökonomischen Aspekte von 92 Fällen bei 48 Lipödem-Patientinnen, die
im Zeitraum vom 09/2019–08/2023 zu Lasten der GKV stationär behandelt wurden,
untersucht werden. Diese Fälle wurden anhand der DRG-Kodierung und des
Operationen- und Prozedurenschlüssels (OPS) herausgefiltert und die Kosten und
Erlöse pro Patienten anhand der Daten unserer Innerbetrieblichen
Leistungsverrechnung (IBVL) berechnet.
Ergebnisse Es zeigte sich nach einem stationären Aufenthalt von 2,64±1,33
Tagen ein Gesamt-Erlös von 4.726,79±680,98 €. Hiervon mussten klinikintern
1.532,92±856,99 € stationäre Kosten, 2.686,02±1.174,70 € OP-Verrechnungskosten,
940,76±189,18 € Anästhesie Kosten sowie 63,19±125,38 € übrige Kosten bezahlt
werden. Im Mittelwert aller Behandlungen ergab das einen Verlust von
875,22 €/Fall. In 54 Fällen (59%) überstiegen die Kosten den Erlös. Insgesamt
ergab die Kalkulation aller Fälle einen Verlust von 80.520,63 €. Unter
Einbeziehung der ärztlichen Personalkosten steigt dieser Betrag auf über
100.000 €.
Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die operative Behandlung des
Lipödems im deutschen DRG- und im universitären Kostensystem nicht kostendeckend
ist, was für die abschließende wirtschaftliche Bewertung des G-BA und die
Anpassung des DRG-Entgeltes relevant sein kann.
Dysphagia with recurrent severe aspiration due to cervical diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (Forestier’s disease)
Authors: Shahvaran Seyed Alireza , Kliment Martin , Prax Stefan , Paul Tobias , Heese Oliver , Schmitz Daniel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDysphagia is a common symptom in patients presenting to the gastroenterologist. However, extraluminal causes of dysphagia may be missed by endoluminal diagnosis alone. This case report presents a 72-year-old man with slowly progressive dysphagia that occurred with the ingestion of certain solid foods and was intermittently associated with severe aspiration. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and barium swallow study were both normal. However, a conventional x-ray and computed tomography (CT) scan of the neck revealed diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (Forestier's disease) of the anterior cervical spine (C2–C7). Fiber endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) revealed functionally incomplete emptying of the oral cavity during swallowing, and the patient reported dysphagia score (EAT-10) was 23 (normal < 3). Surgical removal of the hyperostosis (C3–C6) resulted in immediate and sustained improvement in dysphagia at 3 months.
Kritischer Verschlussdruck (Pcrit) und negativer (subatmosphärischer) exspiratorischer Druck (NEP) zur Diagnostik der pharyngealen Kollapsibilität bei Patienten mit obstruktiver Schlafapnoe (OSA)
Authors: Degerli Mikail Aykut , Hildebrandt Olaf , Koehler Ulrich , Viniol Christian , Garben Klara Mia , Koehler Niklas , Stenger Manuel , Sambale Janine , Korbmacher-Steiner Heike , Kesper Karl 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Bestimmung des kritischen Verschlussdrucks (Pcrit) ist der diagnostische Goldstandard hinsichtlich der Beurteilung des Schweregrads der pharyngealen Instabilität. Pcrit-Messungen werden im Regelfall im natürlichen Nachtschlaf (NREM Stadium 2) in Kombination mit der Polysomnografie durchgeführt. Die Bestimmung von Pcrit im Schlaf ist jedoch zeitintensiv und in der Routine kaum umsetzbar. Alternativ können Pcrit-Messungen auch im medikamenteninduzierten Schlaf durchgeführt werden. Nachteilig sind die unterschiedlichen Propofoldosen, die zum Induzieren des Schlafes benötigt werden und den Muskeltonus unterschiedlich beeinflussen. Alternativ zu diesen Methoden hat sich die Applikation von Negativdruck im Wachen (NEP-Test) bewährt. Bei diesem Test wird dem Patienten via Maske ein subatmosphärischer Druck von –5 oder –10 cmH2O mit Beginn der Exspiration appliziert und die Veränderung des exspiratorischen Atemflusses im Pharynx gemessen. Der NEP-Test kann sowohl im Sitzen als auch im Liegen durchgeführt werden. Nach aktuellem Wissensstand scheint der NEP-Test ein dem kritischen Verschlussdruck Pcrit durchaus vergleichbares diagnostisches Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Kollapsibilität des oberen Atemwegs.
WHO-Leitlinie zur nicht-operativen Behandlung chronisch
unspezifischer Kreuzschmerzen bei Erwachsenen in der
Primärversorgung
Authors: Moser Isabel , Sommer Isolde , Gartlehner Gerald 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Bei Kreuzschmerzen handelt es sich um ein sehr häufiges
Krankheitsbild, von dem die meisten Menschen im Laufe ihres Lebens betroffen
sind. Kreuzschmerzen führen zu einer zunehmenden gesundheitlichen Belastung und
wirtschaftlichen Kosten, sowie einer reduzierten Teilhabe.
Zielsetzung Das Ziel der Leitlinie war es zur Verbesserung der
Auswirkungen von Kreuzschmerzen bei Erwachsenen beizutragen sowie den WHO-Ansatz
zur integrierten Versorgung älterer Menschen in der Primärversorgung zu
unterstützen.
Methodik Im Dezember 2023 wurde von der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO)
die Leitlinie „WHO guideline for non-surgical management of chronic primary low
back pain in adults in primary and community care settings“ veröffentlicht. Die
Leitlinie wurde gemäß dem im WHO-Handbuch zur Entwicklung von Leitlinien
beschriebenen Prozess entwickelt. Das Team des WHO Collaborating Centers für
Evidenzbasierte Medizin an der Universität für Weiterbildung Krems (Österreich)
übersetzte die Zusammenfassung dieser Leitlinie für den Einsatz im
deutschsprachigen Raum.
Ergebnisse/Schlussfolgerungen Die Leitlinie berücksichtigt 37
Interventionen zur Versorgung von chronisch unspezifischen Kreuzschmerzen in der
Primärversorgung und gibt 24 Empfehlungen und ein „Good Practice Statement“ ab.
Für zwölf Interventionen konnten aufgrund von Uneindeutigkeit oder fehlender
Evidenz keine Empfehlungen abgegeben werden. Die empfohlenen Interventionen
sollen als Reihe von Möglichkeiten dienen, um Erwachsene mit chronisch
unspezifischen Kreuzschmerzen zu unterstützen und individuell zu betreuen.
Mirikizumab for the treatment of chronic antibiotic-refractory pouchitis
Authors: Reiner Johannes , Becker Anne-Sophie , Huth Astrid , Lamprecht Georg , Witte Maria 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe current standard of care for the definitive surgical treatment of complicative ulcerative colitis is a continence-preserving proctocolectomy with the creation of an ileal pouch anal anastomosis. In addition to structural and functional disorders, pouchitis of the J-pouch is a common phenomenon, typically well responsive to antimicrobial therapy. However, sometimes chronic antibiotic-refractory pouchitis occurs, most often due to not completely understood multifactorial pathomechanisms. While high-quality evidence is available only for anti-integrin therapy, the role of advanced therapy, i.e., cytokine-antibodies or small molecules in the treatment of chronic antibiotic-refractory pouchitis (CARP), is emerging.This case demonstrates a successful induction treatment of CARP with the novel p19-selective IL-23-targeted antibody mirikizumab.
Basic Requirements and Framework Conditions of Real-World Data (RWD) on Herbal Medicinal Products
Authors: Hölzle Salome Sophie , Reineke Thorsten , Hoch Stefan , Roether Bernd , Francis Matthew , Anquez-Traxler Christelle , Symma Nico 
Published: September 2024

AbstractReal-world data (RWD) is becoming increasingly relevant for evaluating safety and effectiveness of medicinal products, including non-prescription medicines and herbal medicinal products in particular. In order to use real-world data for regulatory decision-making in the field of herbal medicinal products, it is crucial to have an accurate description the herbal substances and preparations, as herbal medicinal products, in contrast to chemically defined medicinal products, contain a complex mixture of natural compounds. However, it remains challenging to get standardised information on herbal products from current literature. This publication gives a brief overview of necessary information of herbal medicinal products in scientific literature and data sources to ensure high-quality real-world data.
Forensic Obstetrics and Clinical Risk Factors
Authors: Habek Dubravko , Petrovečki Vedrana , Cerovac Anis , Orešković Nika 
Published: September 2024

AbstractForensic obstetrics attracts much attention from forensic experts and the public
owing to the professional, legal, public health, and not inconsiderable
social-emotional aspects and directly correlates with maternal, fetoneonatal,
and iatrogenic risk factors. Modern obstetrics and fetomaternal medicine must
not be quantified and qualified based only on perinatal disease but also
according to current obstetric problems that burden forensic obstetrics.
Therefore, high-risk obstetrics as a significant medico-legal problem should be
viewed from the point of view of the entire perinatal period with possible
long-term consequences, hence the monitoring of complete perinatal and infant
morbidity is of immediate importance for quality control and risk control in the
profession. The task of forensic obstetrics is to assess the impact of risk
factors on the occurrence of an adverse event and to assess whether it is an
obstetric complication or obstetric malpractice. Acknowledging the mentioned
facts is the only way we will develop high obstetric awareness, and we and
pregnant women, birth attendants, midwives and patients, fetuses, and newborns
will have professional safety with imminent but controlled obstetric risk and
controlled expected complications. On the other hand, the fact that the
statistics of perinatal (obstetrical) malpractice globally is not abating
requires a change in obstetrical philosophy, especially the unreasonable
epidemic increase of cesarean sections with a significant percentage of cesarean
sections without medical indication and complications. It is necessary to
introduce and maintain solid professionalism and bioethical norms in obstetrics
with constant training of skills, which is emphasized by numerous authors and
with which we fully agree. Forensic obstetrics is based on the principles of
good clinical practice, professional guidelines of modern obstetrics, and
ethical and deontological principles. It clearly shows the perfection and
imperfection of biological systems that we can and cannot influence. However, we
must act according to the rules of the clinical profession, deontological rules,
and health laws to reduce clinical risk to the smallest possible extent.
Attention should certainly be focused on reducing the disproportion between
iatrogenic and maternal-fetoneonatal risk factors, which is the most common
reason for litigation today.
Antibiotic prophylaxis in digestive endoscopy: Guidelines from the French Society of Digestive Endoscopy
Authors: Karsenti David , Gincul Rodica , Belle Arthur , Vienne Ariane , Weiss Emmanuel , Vanbiervliet Geoffroy , Gronier Olivier 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDigestive endoscopy is a highly dynamic medical discipline, with the recent adoption of new endoscopic procedures. However, comprehensive guidelines on the role of antibiotic prophylaxis in these new procedures have been lacking for many years. The Guidelines Commission of the French Society of Digestive Endoscopy (SFED) convened in 2023 to establish guidelines on antibiotic prophylaxis in digestive endoscopy for all digestive endoscopic procedures, based on literature data up to September 1, 2023. This article summarizes these new guidelines and describes the literature review that fed into them.
C–H Activation: A Versatile Tool for the Synthesis of Niclosamide and Its Derivatives
Authors: Reddy B. V. Subba , Gundamalla Rachel , Bantu Rajashaker , Sridhar B. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA novel strategy has been developed for the direct and regioselective ortho-acetoxylation of N-(2-benzoylphenyl)benzamides through C–H activation using a catalytic amount of Pd(OAc)2 (5 mol%) and a stoichiometric amount of PhI(OAc)2 in a mixture of acetic anhydride and acetic acid. By using this protocol, a new series of niclosamide derivatives was produced in good yields. This is the first report on the synthesis of niclosamide and its derivatives by means of C–H functionalization. This newly developed method offers several advantages such as high regioselectivity, operational simplicity, and good to excellent yields. It provides a short three-step process for the synthesis of niclosamide involving acid–amine coupling, ortho-acetoxylation through C–H activation, and deacylation.
A Urease-Catalyzed Three-Component Reaction for the Efficient and Sustainable Synthesis of Highly Substituted 4H-Pyrans in Water as the Solvent
Authors: Beifuss Uwe , Saleh Mahmoud Abo El Makarim , Conrad Jürgen , Frey Wolfgang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAn efficient urease-catalyzed approach for the synthesis of highly substituted 6-amino-4H-pyran-3-carbonitriles based on the formation of three bonds in one step is developed. This unprecedented three-component reaction between one molecule of an aromatic aldehyde and two molecules of an aroylacetonitrile proceeds by employing commercially available urease from jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) as the catalyst in water at 65 °C to deliver the desired 4H-pyrans in yields of up to 92%. The transformation is proposed to occur via a domino Knoevenagel condensation/1,4-addition/O-cyclization/tautomerization sequence, providing a practical and sustainable approach to 6-amino-4H-pyran-3-carbonitriles from commercially available substrates. Full and unambiguous structural elucidation of all the products is achieved by means of NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystal structure analysis.
1,5-Diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctanes (P2N2): An Underappreciated Ligand Class for Nickel- and Palladium-Catalyzed Heck-Type Cross-Couplings
Authors: Newman Stephen G. , Isbrandt Eric S. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract1,5-Diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane (P2N2) scaffolds represent a readily accessible, tunable ligand class for transition metals. However, despite their prevalence in areas such as electrocatalysis and coordination chemistry, P2N2 ligands have been rarely used to make catalysts for organic synthesis. Research into Mizoroki–Heck-type aldehyde, alcohol, and alkene arylation reactions has revealed that the P2N2 family outperforms many commonly used phosphines. This Synpacts article summarizes our work and provides a broad overview on the preparation and application of P2N2 ligands in organic synthesis. It also serves to highlight how a simple, modular class of ligands can solve contemporary challenges with transition-metal catalysis, including novel reactivity and exceptional regioselectivity.