bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The linear response of turbulent flow to a volume force: comparison between eddy-viscosity model and DNS
Authors: Russo S. , Luchini P. 
Published: February 2016

We identify a benchmark problem simple enough that it can be solved both by an eddy-viscosity model and by direct numerical simulation: this is the linear response of a turbulent flow’s mean-velocity profile to an external volume force. An example of such a force was found in a study of the perturbation induced by bottom topography by Luchini & Charru (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 656, 2010, pp. 337–341). On the other hand, a modification of the method by Quadrio & Luchini (Proceedings of the IX European Turbulence Conference, Southampton, UK, 2002, pp. 715–718) and Luchiniet al. (Phys. Fluids, vol. 18, 2006, 121702) to compute the linear impulse response of a wall-bounded turbulent flow allows the response to a volume force to be computed directly. The comparison exhibits significant differences and suggests that there might be fundamental obstacles to designing an eddy-viscosity model that provides the correct result.
The Frequency of Anomalously Red Galaxies in SDSS Clusters
Authors: Shearman O. , Pimbblet K. A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe present a systematic photometric search for spectroscopically confirmed anomalously red galaxies members of 748 low redshift clusters between 0.03 z 0.17 from the SDSS-C4 cluster catalogue (Miller et al. 2005). For each cluster we spectroscopically determine cluster membership, construct a colour-magnitude diagram and fit the red sequence using a robust bi-weight fit. We define an “anomalously red galaxy” as having a (g - r) colour of greater than 3σ redward of the fitted cluster colour-magnitude relation. We find that of 7485 galaxies at r ≤ 17.77 in (g - r), 7 galaxies are anomalously red – 0.0935 per cent of all galaxies in our sample. We show that two of the red outliers are caused by red contamination from nearby sources and are therefore not intrinsically anomalous red. However, 5 have no underlying cause to be so red and we speculate that they may have a high internal dust content. These intrinsically red galaxies are rare – comprising no more than 0.0668 per cent of all cluster galaxies. Most are morphologically early type galaxies, with a few probable late type galaxies that are viewed edge-on and one low surface brightness late type. One of our anomalously red galaxies appears to be a dust-shrouded starburst and we speculate that this may be a unique galaxy amoungst this galaxy set.
Peridotites and basaltic rocks within an ophiolitic mélange from the SW igneous province of Puerto Rico: relation to the evolution of the Caribbean Plate
Authors: CINTRON FRANQUI NADJA OMARA , CHOI SUNG HI , LEE DER-CHUEN 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe geology of Puerto Rico is divided into three regions: the north, central and SW igneous provinces. Characterized by its Jurassic ophiolitic mélange basement, lithology of the SW Igneous Province (SIP) is not related to either of the other two provinces. The ophiolitic mélange is exposed in three peridotite belts: Monte del Estado, Rio Guanajibo and Sierra Bermeja. We present geochemical data to identify the tectonic setting of the SIP peridotite formation and its relation to the evolution of the Caribbean Plate. Comparisons of spinel Cr no. (13–21), Mg no. (63.3–69.6) and TiO2suggest an abyssal peridotite origin; however, only Sierra Bermeja presents high TiO2characteristics of a mid-ocean-ridge-basalt- (MORB-) like melt reaction. Temperatures determined with two-pyroxene geothermometers indicated a cold thermal regime ofc. 800–1050°C, with characteristics of large-offset transform fault abyssal peridotites. The geochemistry and Sr–Nd–Hf–Pb isotopic compositions of basalts within the mélange were also analysed. Las Palmas amphibolites exhibited normal-MORB-like rare earth element (REE) and trace-element patterns, whereas metabasalts and Lower Cajul basalts exhibited island-arc tholeiitic-like patterns. Highly radiogenic Sr isotopes (0.70339–0.70562) of the basalts suggest seawater alteration; however, Pb–Pb and Nd–Hf isotope correlations represent the primary compositions of a Pacific/Atlantic MORB source for the amphibolites, metabasalts and Lower Cajul basalts. We propose that the SIP ophiolitic mélange was formed along a large-offset transform fault, which initiated subduction and preserved both proto-Pacific and proto-Caribbean lithospheric mantle. Younger Upper Cajul basalts exhibited enriched-MORB-like geochemical and isotopic signatures, which can be attributed to a tectonized Caribbean ocean plateau.
Suitability of loci for multiple-locus variable-number of tandem-repeats analysis of Cryptosporidium parvum for inter-laboratory surveillance and outbreak investigations
Authors: CHALMERS RACHEL M. , ROBINSON GUY , HOTCHKISS EMILY , ALEXANDER CLAIRE , MAY SOPHIE , GILRAY JANICE , CONNELLY LISA , HADFIELD STEPHEN J. 
Published: February 2016

SUMMARYCryptosporidium parvum is the major cause of livestock and zoonotically-acquired human cryptosporidiosis. The ability to track sources of contamination and routes of transmission by further differentiation of isolates would assist risk assessment and outbreak investigations. Multiple-locus variable-number of tandem-repeats (VNTR) analysis provides a means for rapid characterization by fragment sizing and estimation of copy numbers, but structured, harmonized development has been lacking for Cryptosporidium spp. To investigate potential for application in C. parvum surveillance and outbreak investigations, we studied nine commonly used VNTR loci (MSA, MSD, MSF, MM5, MM18, MM19, MS9-Mallon, GP60 and TP14) for chromosome distribution, repeat unit length and heterogeneity, and flanking region proximity and conservation. To investigate performance in vitro, we compared these loci in 14 C. parvum samples by capillary electrophoresis in three laboratories. We found that many loci did not contain simple repeat units but were more complex, hindering calculations of repeat unit copy number for standardized reporting nomenclature. However, sequenced reference DNA enabled reproducible fragment sizing and inter-laboratory allele assignation based on size normalized to that of the sequenced fragments by both single round and nested polymerase chain reactions. Additional Cryptosporidium loci need to be identified and validated for robust inter-laboratory surveillance and outbreak investigations.
Application of GIS technology in public health: successes and challenges
Authors: FLETCHER-LARTEY STEPHANIE M. , CAPRARELLI GRAZIELLA 
Published: February 2016

SUMMARYThe uptake and acceptance of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology has increased since the early 1990s and public health applications are rapidly expanding. In this paper, we summarize the common uses of GIS technology in the public health sector, emphasizing applications related to mapping and understanding of parasitic diseases. We also present some of the success stories, and discuss the challenges that still prevent a full scope application of GIS technology in the public health context. Geographical analysis has allowed researchers to interlink health, population and environmental data, thus enabling them to evaluate and quantify relationships between health-related variables and environmental risk factors at different geographical scales. The ability to access, share and utilize satellite and remote-sensing data has made possible even wider understanding of disease processes and of their links to the environment, an important consideration in the study of parasitic diseases. For example, disease prevention and control strategies resulting from investigations conducted in a GIS environment have been applied in many areas, particularly in Africa. However, there remain several challenges to a more widespread use of GIS technology, such as: limited access to GIS infrastructure, inadequate technical and analytical skills, and uneven data availability. Opportunities exist for international collaboration to address these limitations through knowledge sharing and governance.
Asymptotic prime divisors over complete intersection rings
Authors: GHOSH DIPANKAR , PUTHENPURAKAL TONY J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractLet A be a local complete intersection ring. Let M, N be two finitely generated A-modules and I an ideal of A. We prove that
$$\bigcup_{i\geqslant 0}\bigcup_{n \geqslant 0}{\rm Ass}_A\left({\rm Ext}_A^i(M,N/I^n N)\right)$$
is a finite set. Moreover, we prove that there exist i0, n0 ⩾ 0 such that for all i ⩾ i0 and n ⩾ n0, we have
$$\begin{linenomath}\begin{subeqnarray*}
{\rm Ass}_A\left({\rm Ext}_A^{2i}(M,N/I^nN)\right) &=& {\rm Ass}_A\left({\rm Ext}_A^{2 i_0}(M,N/I^{n_0}N)\right), \\
{\rm Ass}_A\left({\rm Ext}_A^{2i+1}(M,N/I^nN)\right) &=& {\rm Ass}_A\left({\rm Ext}_A^{2 i_0 + 1}(M,N/I^{n_0}N)\right).
\end{subeqnarray*}\end{linenomath}$$
We also prove the analogous results for complete intersection rings which arise in algebraic geometry. Further, we prove that the complexity cxA(M, N/InN) is constant for all sufficiently large n.
Seroprevalence and associated risk factors ofToxoplasma gondiiinfection in the Korean, Manchu, Mongol and Han ethnic groups in eastern and northeastern China
Authors: ZHANG X.-X. , ZHAO Q. , SHI C.-W. , YANG W.-T. , JIANG Y.-L. , WEI Z.-T. , WANG C.-F. , YANG G.-L. 
Published: February 2016

SUMMARYA cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2013 to August 2015 to determine the seroprevalence and possible risk factors for humanToxoplasma gondiiinfection in Korean, Manchu, Mongol and Han ethnic groups in eastern and northeastern China. A total of 1842 serum samples, including Han (n= 802), Korean (n= 520), Manchu (n= 303) and Mongol (n= 217) groups, were analysed using enzyme-linked immunoassays to detect IgG and IgMT. gondiiantibodies. The overallT. gondiiIgG and IgM seroprevalences were 13·79% and 1·25%, respectively. Of these groups, Mongol ethnicity had the highestT. gondiiseroprevalence (20·74%, 45/217), followed by Korean ethnicity (16·54%, 86/520), Manchu ethnicity (13·86%, 42/303) and Han ethnicity (11·35%, 98/802). Multiple analysis showed that the consumption of raw vegetables and fruits, the consumption of raw/undercooked meat and the source of drinking water were significantly associated withT. gondiiinfection in the Han group. Likewise, having a cat at home was identified as being associated withT. gondiiinfection in the Korean, Manchu and Mongol groups. Moreover, the consumption of raw/undercooked meat was identified as another predictor ofT. gondiiseropositivity in the Mongol group. The results of this survey indicate thatT. gondiiinfection is prevalent in Korean, Manchu, Mongol and Han ethnic groups in the study region. Therefore, it is essential to implement integrated strategies with efficient management measures to prevent and controlT. gondiiinfection in this region of China. Moreover, this is the first report ofT. gondiiinfection in Korean, Manchu, and Mongol ethnic groups in eastern and northeastern China.
Effective case/infection ratio of poliomyelitis in vaccinated populations
Authors: BENCSKÓ G. , FERENCI T. 
Published: February 2016

SUMMARYRecent polio outbreaks in Syria and Ukraine, and isolation of poliovirus from asymptomatic carriers in Israel have raised concerns that polio might endanger Europe. We devised a model to calculate the time needed to detect the first case should the disease be imported into Europe, taking the effect of vaccine coverage – both from inactivated and oral polio vaccines, also considering their differences – on the length of silent transmission into account by deriving an ‘effective’ case/infection ratio that is applicable for vaccinated populations. Using vaccine coverage data and the newly developed model, the relationship between this ratio and vaccine coverage is derived theoretically and is also numerically determined for European countries. This shows that unnoticed transmission is longer for countries with higher vaccine coverage and a higher proportion of IPV-vaccinated individuals among those vaccinated. Assuming borderline transmission (R = 1·1), the expected time to detect the first case is between 326 days and 512 days in different countries, with the number of infected individuals between 235 and 1439. Imperfect surveillance further increases these numbers, especially the number of infected until detection. While longer silent transmission does not increase the number of clinical diseases, it can make the application of traditional outbreak response methods more complicated, among others.
WHERE DOES AVICENNA DEMONSTRATE THE EXISTENCE OF GOD?
Authors: De Haan Daniel D. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis study examines a number of different answers to the question: where does Avicenna demonstrate the existence of God within the Metaphysics of the Healing? Many interpreters have contended that there is an argument for God's existence in Metaphysics of the Healing I.6–7. In this study I show that such views are incorrect and that the only argument for God's existence in the Metaphysics of the Healing is found in VIII.1–3. My own interpretation relies upon a careful consideration of the scientific order and first principles of the Metaphysics of the Healing, paying attention to Avicenna's own explicit statements concerning the goals and intentions of different books and chapters, and a close analysis of the structure of the different arguments found in the relevant texts of the Metaphysics of the Healing. I conclude that Avicenna's explicit goal in I.6–7 is to establish the properties that belong to necessary existence and possible existence, which consists, not in a demonstration of God's existence, but in a dialectical treatment of the first principles of metaphysics.
Survey of Emergency Department Chemical Hazard Preparedness in Michigan, USA: A Seven Year Comparison
Authors: Belsky Justin B. , Klausner Howard A. , Karson Jeffrey , Dunne Robert B. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the state of chemical hazard preparedness in emergency departments (EDs) in Michigan, USA between 2005 and 2012.MethodsThis was a longitudinal study involving a 30 question survey sent to ED directors at each hospital listed in the Michigan College of Emergency Physician (MCEP) Directory in 2005 and in 2012. The surveys contained questions relating to chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosive events with a focus on hazardous material capabilities.ResultsOne hundred twelve of 139 EDs responded to the 2005 survey compared to 99/136 in 2012. Ten of 27 responses were statistically significant, all favoring an enhancement in disaster preparedness in 2012 when compared to 2005. Questions with improvement included: EDs with employees participating in the Michigan voluntary registry; EDs with decontamination rooms; MARK 1 and cyanide kits available; those planning to use dry decontamination, powered air purifiers, surgical masks, chemical gloves, and surgical gowns; and those wishing for better coordination with local and regional resources. Forty-two percent of EDs in 2012 had greater than one-half of their staff trained in decontamination and 81% of respondents wished for more training opportunities in disaster preparedness. Eighty-four percent of respondents believed that they were more prepared in disaster preparedness in 2012 versus seven years prior.ConclusionsEmergency departments in Michigan have made significant advances in chemical hazard preparedness between 2005 and 2012 based on survey responses. Despite these improvements, staff training in decontamination and hazardous material events remains a weakness among EDs in the state of Michigan.BelskyJB, KlausnerHA, KarsonJ, DunneRB. Survey of emergency department chemical hazard preparedness in Michigan, USA: a seven year comparison. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(2):224–227.
PINNING ON A DEFECT LINE: CHARACTERIZATION OF MARGINAL DISORDER RELEVANCE AND SHARP ASYMPTOTICS FOR THE CRITICAL POINT SHIFT
Authors: Berger Quentin , Lacoin Hubert 
Published: February 2016

The effect of disorder for pinning models is a subject which has attracted much attention in theoretical physics and rigorous mathematical physics. A peculiar point of interest is the question of coincidence of the quenched and annealed critical point for a small amount of disorder. The question has been mathematically settled in most cases in the last few years, giving in particular a rigorous validation of the Harris criterion on disorder relevance. However, the marginal case, where the return probability exponent is equal to $1/2$, that is, where the interarrival law of the renewal process is given by $\text{K}(n)=n^{-3/2}\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}(n)$ where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$ is a slowly varying function, has been left partially open. In this paper, we give a complete answer to the question by proving a simple necessary and sufficient criterion on the return probability for disorder relevance, which confirms earlier predictions from the literature. Moreover, we also provide sharp asymptotics on the critical point shift: in the case of the pinning of a one-dimensional simple random walk, the shift of the critical point satisfies the following high temperature asymptotics $$\begin{eqnarray}\lim _{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}\rightarrow 0}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}^{2}\log h_{c}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD})=-\frac{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}}{2}.\end{eqnarray}$$ This gives a rigorous proof to a claim of Derrida, Hakim and Vannimenus (J. Stat. Phys. 66 (1992), 1189–1213).
Cdh1 inhibits WWP2-mediated ubiquitination of PTEN to suppress tumorigenesis in an APC-independent manner
Authors: Liu Jia , Wan Lixin , Liu Jing , Yuan Zhu , Zhang Jinfang , Guo Jianfeng , Malumbres Marcos , Liu Jiankang , Zou Weiguo , Wei Wenyi 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAnaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome/Cdh1 is a multi-subunit ubiquitin E3 ligase that drives M to G1 cell cycle progression through primarily earmarking various substrates for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation by the 26S proteasome. Notably, emerging evidence suggested that Cdh1 could also function in various cellular processes independent of anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome. To this end, we recently identified an anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome-independent function of Cdh1 in modulating osteoblast differentiation through activating Smurf1, one of the NEDD4 family of HECT domain-containing E3 ligases. However, it remains largely unknown whether Cdh1 could exert its tumor suppressor role through similarly modulating the E3 ligase activities of other NEDD4 family members, most of which have characterized important roles in tumorigenesis. Here we report that in various tumor cells, Cdh1, conversely, suppresses the E3 ligase activity of WWP2, another NEDD4 family protein, in an anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome-independent manner. As such, loss of Cdh1 activates WWP2, leading to reduced abundance of WWP2 substrates including PTEN, which subsequently activates PI3K/Akt oncogenic signaling to facilitate tumorigenesis. This study expands the non-anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome function of Cdh1 in regulating the NEDD4 family E3 ligases, and further suggested that enhancing Cdh1 to inhibit the E3 ligase activity of WWP2 could be a promising strategy for treating human cancers.
Affinity and competition for TBP are molecular determinants of gene expression noise
Authors: Ravarani Charles N. J. , Chalancon Guilhem , Breker Michal , de Groot Natalia Sanchez , Babu M. Madan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCell-to-cell variation in gene expression levels (noise) generates phenotypic diversity and is an important phenomenon in evolution, development and disease. TATA-box binding protein (TBP) is an essential factor that is required at virtually every eukaryotic promoter to initiate transcription. While the presence of a TATA-box motif in the promoter has been strongly linked with noise, the molecular mechanism driving this relationship is less well understood. Through an integrated analysis of multiple large-scale data sets, computer simulation and experimental validation in yeast, we provide molecular insights into how noise arises as an emergent property of variable binding affinity of TBP for different promoter sequences, competition between interaction partners to bind the same surface on TBP (to either promote or disrupt transcription initiation) and variable residence times of TBP complexes at a promoter. These determinants may be fine-tuned under different conditions and during evolution to modulate eukaryotic gene expression noise.
A light-driven three-dimensional plasmonic nanosystem that translates molecular motion into reversible chiroptical function
Authors: Kuzyk Anton , Yang Yangyang , Duan Xiaoyang , Stoll Simon , Govorov Alexander O. , Sugiyama Hiroshi , Endo Masayuki , Liu Na 
Published: February 2016

AbstractNature has developed striking light-powered proteins such as bacteriorhodopsin, which can convert light energy into conformational changes for biological functions. Such natural machines are a great source of inspiration for creation of their synthetic analogues. However, synthetic molecular machines typically operate at the nanometre scale or below. Translating controlled operation of individual molecular machines to a larger dimension, for example, to 10–100 nm, which features many practical applications, is highly important but remains challenging. Here we demonstrate a light-driven plasmonic nanosystem that can amplify the molecular motion of azobenzene through the host nanostructure and consequently translate it into reversible chiroptical function with large amplitude modulation. Light is exploited as both energy source and information probe. Our plasmonic nanosystem bears unique features of optical addressability, reversibility and modulability, which are crucial for developing all-optical molecular devices with desired functionalities.
A collection of non-human primate computed tomography scans housed in MorphoSource, a repository for 3D data
Authors: Copes Lynn E. , Lucas Lynn M. , Thostenson James O. , Hoekstra Hopi E. , Boyer Doug M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA dataset of high-resolution microCT scans of primate skulls (crania and mandibles) and certain postcranial elements was collected to address questions about primate skull morphology. The sample consists of 489 scans taken from 431 specimens, representing 59 species of most Primate families. These data have transformative reuse potential as such datasets are necessary for conducting high power research into primate evolution, but require significant time and funding to collect. Similar datasets were previously only available to select research groups across the world. The physical specimens are vouchered at Harvard’s Museum of Comparative Zoology. The data collection took place at the Center for Nanoscale Systems at Harvard. The dataset is archived on MorphoSource.org. Though this is the largest high fidelity comparative dataset yet available, its provisioning on a web archive that allows unlimited researcher contributions promises a future with vastly increased digital collections available at researchers’ finger tips.