bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oligomerization of the microtubule‐associated protein tau is mediated by its N‐terminal sequences: implications for normal and pathological tau action
Authors: Feinstein H. Eric , Benbow Sarah J. , LaPointe Nichole E. , Patel Nirav , Ramachandran Srinivasan , Do Thanh D. , Gaylord Michelle R. , Huskey Noelle E. , Dressler Nicolette , Korff Megan , Quon Brady , Cantrell Kristi Lazar , Bowers Michael T. , Lal Ratnesh , Feinstein Stuart C. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDespite extensive structure‐function analyses, the molecular mechanisms of normal and pathological tau action remain poorly understood. How does the C‐terminal microtubule‐binding region regulate microtubule dynamics and bundling? In what biophysical form does tau transfer trans‐synaptically from one neuron to another, promoting neurodegeneration and dementia? Previous biochemical/biophysical work led to the hypothesis that tau can dimerize via electrostatic interactions between two N‐terminal ‘projection domains’ aligned in an anti‐parallel fashion, generating a multivalent complex capable of interacting with multiple tubulin subunits. We sought to test this dimerization model directly. Native gel analyses of full‐length tau and deletion constructs demonstrate that the N‐terminal region leads to multiple bands, consistent with oligomerization. Ferguson analyses of native gels indicate that an N‐terminal fragment (tau45–230) assembles into heptamers/octamers. Ferguson analyses of denaturing gels demonstrates that tau45–230 can dimerize even in sodium dodecyl sulfate. Atomic force microscopy reveals multiple levels of oligomerization by both full‐length tau and tau45–230. Finally, ion mobility–mass spectrometric analyses of tau106–144, a small peptide containing the core of the hypothesized dimerization region, also demonstrate oligomerization. Thus, multiple independent strategies demonstrate that the N‐terminal region of tau can mediate higher order oligomerization, which may have important implications for both normal and pathological tau action.
imageThe microtubule‐associated protein tau is essential for neuronal development and maintenance, but is also central to Alzheimer's and related dementias. Unfortunately, the molecular mechanisms underlying normal and pathological tau action remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that tau can homo‐oligomerize, providing novel mechanistic models for normal tau action (promoting microtubule growth and bundling, suppressing microtubule shortening) and pathological tau action (poisoning of oligomeric complexes).
Ruminal phytate degradation of maize grain and rapeseed meal in vitro and as affected by phytate content in donor animal diets and inorganic phosphorus in the buffer
Authors: Haese E. , Lengowski M. , Gräter E. , Föll A. , Möhring J. , Steingass H. , Schollenberger M. , Rodehutscord M. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThe ruminal disappearance of phytate phosphorus (InsP6‐P) from maize grain and rapeseed meal (RSM) was determined in two in vitro studies. In experiment 1, two diets differing in phosphorus (P) and InsP6‐P concentration were fed to the donor animals of rumen fluid (diet HP: 0.49% P in dry matter, diet LP: 0.29% P). Maize grain and RSM were incubated in a rumen fluid/saliva mixture for 3, 6, 12 and 24 h. In experiment 2, a diet similar to diet HP was fed, and the rumen fluid was mixed with artificial saliva containing 120 mg inorganic P/l (Pi) or no inorganic P (P0). Maize grain and RSM were incubated with either buffer for 3, 6, 12 and 24 h. Total P (tP) and InsP6 concentration were analysed in the fermenter fluids and feed residues. The disappearance of InsP6‐P from maize was completed after 12 h of incubation in both experiments. From RSM, 93% (diet LP) and 99% (diet HP) of the InsP6‐P in experiment 1 and 80% (Pi) and 89% (P0) in experiment 2 had disappeared after 24 h of incubation. InsP6‐P disappearance was higher when diet HP was fed (maize: 3 and 6 h; RSM: 6 and 24 h of incubation) and when rumen fluid was mixed with buffer P0 (maize: 6 h; RSM: 12 and 24 h of incubation). InsP6‐P concentration in the fermenter fluids was higher for maize, but no accumulation of InsP6‐P occurred, indicating a prompt degradation of soluble InsP6. These results confirmed the capability of rumen micro‐organisms to efficiently degrade InsP6. However, differences between the feedstuffs and diet composition as well as the presence of inorganic P in the in vitro system influenced the degradation process. Further studies are required to understand how these factors affect InsP6 degradation and their respective relevance in vivo.
Prices In Motion: Towards A Schumpeterian Price Theory
Authors: Bloch Harry 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTo Schumpeter, endogenous development is an essential characteristic of capitalism that disrupts the equilibrium of the circular flow of the economy. Price equilibrium in the circular flow is displaced by an analysis of prices in motion. The diversion of productive inputs from their existing employment through competition from entrepreneurs and the process of creative destruction both impact on prices throughout the economy and generate business cycles. While Schumpeter's theory of the business cycle and, implicitly, his price theory, have been heavily criticized, this article suggests a way forward to a revised theory of prices in motion.
Emergency Response in Complex Buildings: Automated Selection of Safest and Balanced Routes
Authors: Zverovich V. , Mahdjoubi L. , Boguslawski P. , Fadli F. , Barki H. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe extreme importance of emergency response in complex buildings during natural and human‐induced disasters has been widely acknowledged. In particular, there is a need for efficient algorithms for finding safest evacuation routes, which would take into account the 3‐D structure of buildings, their relevant semantics, and the nature and shape of hazards. In this article, we propose algorithms for safest routes and balanced routes in buildings, where an extreme event with many epicenters is occurring. In a balanced route, a trade‐off between route length and hazard proximity is made. The algorithms are based on a novel approach that integrates a multiattribute decision‐making technique, Dijkstra's classical algorithm and the introduced hazard proximity numbers, hazard propagation coefficient and proximity index for a route.
Globalizing Māori Museology: Reconceptualizing Engagement, Knowledge, and Virtuality through Mana Taonga
Authors: Schorch Philipp , McCarthy Conal , Hakiwai Arapata 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis article sets out toglobalize Māori museologythroughmana taonga, a concept that is historically grounded and articulated in contemporary museum practice. Mana taonga can be used to reconceptualize issues of engagement, knowledge, and virtuality by exploring ways in which the mutual, asymmetrical relations underpinning global, scientific entanglements of the past can be transformed into reciprocal, symmetrical forms of cross‐cultural curatorship and anthropology in the present. In doing so, the Cook/Forster Collection held at the Georg‐August‐Universität Göttingen, Germany, is being (re)approached from a Māori perspective. This collection embodies the first material evidence of the remarkable encounter between Pacific and European people in the 1700s and materializes the moment when two worlds of meaning became entangled and mutually constitutive with continuing significance for Pacific people and European understandings. Reconnecting both sides of the encounter through research on the history of the collection, its contemporary legacy, and Māori engagements with Western anthropology and museology allows us to correct lopsided (re)interpretations of indigenous cultures in exhibitionary projects and one‐sided accounts of museums and indigenous people that dominate the literature.
Electromyographic Abnormalities Associated with Symptomatic Sacral Tarlov Cysts
Authors: Hulens Mieke , Bruyninckx Frans , Dankaerts Wim , Vansant Greet , De Mulder Peter A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTarlov or perineural cysts (TC) are commonly overlooked as a cause of sacral and ischial pain, and urogenital and bowel problems. TC can be seen on MRI, but are often considered asymptomatic. This is especially true for smaller cysts. Moreover, there are only few diagnostic characteristics that can be used to confirm that the cysts are the cause of the symptoms. As a consequence, a lot of controversy remains regarding the clinical importance of TC. Because of this underdiagnosed condition, patients often suffer for several years from unrecognized chronic neuropathic pain and neurological conditions. In this article, case reports of three patients with giant and smaller symptomatic sacral cysts are presented, in which electromyographic testing was performed to demonstrate nerve damage.We suggest that electromyography of the sacral nerve roots can be a reasonable tool for the diagnosis of symptomatic TC, as well as for the differentiation from other pathological entities causing sacral and ischial pain. Moreover, using electromyography it was also documented that smaller cysts of < 1 cm can cause nerve damage. Therefore incidence of symptomatic TC may be higher than initially thought.
Juvenile gout in methylmalonic acidemia
Authors: Charuvanij Sirirat , Pattaragarn Anirut , Wisuthsarewong Wanee , Vatanavicharn Nithiwat 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMethylmalonic acidemia (MMA) is an inborn error of metabolism caused by either deficiency of the enzyme methylmalonyl‐CoA mutase or a defect in adenosyl‐cobalamin synthesis. Chronic kidney disease is its common complication and, in combination with persistent acidosis, leads to hyperuricemia. Symptomatic hyperuricemia or gout, however, has not been reported in MMA. We herein report two pediatric cases of MMA caused by MMAB mutations (cblB defect) with renal tubular acidosis, chronic kidney disease, hyperuricemia, and gout. The clinical findings of gout in these cases included recurrent first metatarsophalangeal arthritis and/or tophi. The patients responded to treatment with colchicine and allopurinol.
Chronic active EBV infection with features of granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Authors: Shimomura Masaki , Morishita Hideaki , Meguro Takaaki , Seto Shiro , Kimura Mitsuaki , Hamazaki Minoru , Hashimoto Ayako , Sugiyama Yuka , Kimura Hiroshi 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHerein, we report the case of a 13‐year‐old boy with multiple recurrent ulcers on his legs. He developed severe sinusitis at 10 years of age and had significant weight loss (6 kg) in the 2 months prior to admission. Histology of tissue biopsied from the ulcer indicated small vessel vasculitis and granulomatous inflammation. Given that these findings met the diagnostic criteria for granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), he was treated with immunosuppressive agents. Further pathology, however, indicated Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐encoded RNA (EBER) in most lymphocytes in the same sample. The EBER‐positive lymphocytes were mainly CD4‐positive T cells. The EBV‐DNA load in the peripheral blood was also abnormally increased (1.0 × 104 copies/μg DNA). Thus, the diagnosis was established as chronic active EBV infection (CAEBV). This case illustrates the necessity of careful differential diagnosis of CAEBV owing to its clinical resemblance and pathological overlap with GPA.
Percutaneous closure of pseudoaneurysm in the left ventricle in a young child
Authors: Kim Geena , Ban Gil Ho , Lee Hyoung Doo , Sung Si Chan , Kim Hyungtae , Choi Kwang Ho 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPseudoaneurysm in the left ventricular outflow tract is a rare complication occurring after cardiac surgery. We report on the successful percutaneous device closure of a pseudoaneurysm in the left ventricular outflow tract, which developed in a 23‐month‐old girl after resection of a subaortic ridge. The pseudoaneurysm was closed using an Amplatzer Vascular Plug II.
Reductions of Gauss–Codazzi Equations
Authors: Conte Robert , Grundland A. Michel 
Published: March 2016

We prove that conformally parameterized surfaces in Euclidean space of curvature c admit a symmetry reduction of their Gauss–Codazzi equations whose general solution is expressed with the sixth Painlevé function. Moreover, it is shown that the two known solutions of this type (Bonnet 1867, Bobenko et al. 1997) can be recovered by such a reduction.
Functional network analysis of genes differentially expressed during xylogenesis insoc1fulwoody Arabidopsis plants
Authors: Davin Nicolas , Edger Patrick P. , Hefer Charles A. , Mizrachi Eshchar , Schuetz Mathias , Smets Erik , Myburg Alexander A. , Douglas Carl J. , Schranz Michael E. , Lens Frederic 
Published: March 2016

SummaryMany plant genes are known to be involved in the development of cambium and wood, but how the expression and functional interaction of these genes determine the unique biology of wood remains largely unknown. We used thesoc1fulloss of function mutant – the woodiest genotype known in the otherwise herbaceous model plant Arabidopsis – to investigate the expression and interactions of genes involved in secondary growth (wood formation). Detailed anatomical observations of the stem in combination withmRNAsequencing were used to assess transcriptome remodeling during xylogenesis in wild‐type and woodysoc1fulplants. To interpret the transcriptome changes, we constructed functional gene association networks of differentially expressed genes using theSTRINGdatabase. This analysis revealed functionally enriched gene association hubs that are differentially expressed in herbaceous and woody tissues. In particular, we observed the differential expression of genes related to mechanical stress and jasmonate biosynthesis/signaling during wood formation insoc1fulplants that may be an effect of greater tension within woody tissues. Our results suggest that habit shifts from herbaceous to woody life forms observed in many angiosperm lineages could have evolved convergently by genetic changes that modulate the gene expression and interaction network, and thereby redeploy the conserved wood developmental program.
The anaphase‐promoting complex initiates zygote division in Arabidopsis through degradation of cyclin B1
Authors: Guo Lei , Jiang Li , Zhang Ying , Lu Xiu‐Li , Xie Qi , Weijers Dolf , Liu Chun‐Ming 
Published: March 2016

SummaryAs the start of a new life cycle, activation of the first division of the zygote is a critical event in both plants and animals. Because the zygote in plants is difficult to access, our understanding of how this process is achieved remains poor. Here we report genetic and cell biological analyses of the zygote‐arrest 1 (zyg1) mutant in Arabidopsis, which showed zygote‐lethal and over‐accumulation of cyclin B1 D‐box‐GUS in ovules. Map‐based cloning showed that ZYG1 encodes the anaphase‐promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) subunit 11 (APC11). Live‐cell imaging studies showed that APC11 is expressed in both egg and sperm cells, in zygotes and during early embryogenesis. Using a GFP‐APC11 fusion construct that fully complements zyg1, we showed that GFP‐APC11 expression persisted throughout the mitotic cell cycle, and localized to cell plates during cytokinesis. Expression of non‐degradable cyclin B1 in the zygote, or mutations of either APC1 or APC4, also led to a zyg1‐like phenotype. Biochemical studies showed that APC11 has self‐ubiquitination activity and is able to ubiquitinate cyclin B1 and promote degradation of cyclin B1. These results together suggest that APC/C‐mediated degradation of cyclin B1 in Arabidopsis is critical for initiating the first division of the zygote.
Distribution of Salmonella Serovars and Antimicrobial Susceptibility from Poultry and Swine Farms in Central Vietnam
Authors: Lettini A. A. , Vo Than T. , Marafin E. , Longo A. , Antonello K. , Zavagnin P. , Barco L. , Mancin M. , Cibin V. , Morini M. , Dang Thi Sao M. , Nguyen Thi T. , Pham Trung H. , Le L. , Nguyen Duc T. , Ricci A. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThis study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of Salmonella spp. and their antimicrobial susceptibilities on poultry and swine farms, sampled in 2 regions in Central Vietnam. A total of 67 poultry farms and 46 swine farms were sampled in a period of 5 months (from September 2012 to January 2013). Salmonella spp. was prevalent in 46.3% and 71.7% of poultry and swine farms, respectively. Altogether, 99 non‐typhoidal Salmonella were isolated and the most common serovars were Salmonella Weltevreden (19%), followed by Salmonella Typhimurium (12%) and Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:‐ (11%). Overall, 71 of 99 (72%) Salmonella isolates were resistant to at least one of the 14 antimicrobial agents tested. Both in poultry and swine farms, high levels of resistance were observed for ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, sulphamethoxazole and tetracycline. The presence of Salmonella isolates from poultry and swine farms which were resistant to different classes of antimicrobials suggests that alternative control measures to antimicrobials should be implemented. Moreover, an effective policy should be promoted to encourage a prudent use of these agents in animal farming in Vietnam.
Comparing Methods for Establishing Multiscale Material Properties of 0.2 mm Thick Annealed ASTM 304
Authors: Emblom William J. , Ibne Islam Md. F. S. , Jones Richard J. , Aithal Mitra , Wagner Scott , Pesacreta Thomas , Glass Gary A. 
Published: March 2016

Producing fuel cells bipolar plates and other devices such as microscale heat exchangers for electronics requires both macroscale and microscale forming processes. At the macroscale, typically, mechanical properties of sheet metal are determined by performing tensile tests. In addition, it has long been recognized that bi-axial tension tests, dome tests, and hydroforming or viscous bulge tests provide the basis for improved understanding of the mechanics of sheet metal forming. At the microscale strain gauges are too large for measuring strains in small regions and membrane theory is only valid at the poles of the bulge. Continuum mechanics models are useful but require tedious thickness measurements for multiple work pieces, requiring extensive sample preparation and analysis.
In this paper experimental results from hydroforming tests for 0.2-mm thick annealed ASTM 304 stainless steel sheet in 11 mm, 5 mm, and 1 mm diameter open dies at various pressures were evaluated. The height of the bulge at the pole and strains based upon measurements of 127 micron strain grids were determined. These dies represent the transition from a small macroscale process to a microscale forming process. Two methods were used to estimate material properties: an analytical model and an iterative method which compared experimental strain results with the strains from a finite element model where the Holloman constitutive properties of the sheet were varied. The problems estimating material properties based upon grid strain measurement, membrane theory, and the iterative finite element approaches were investigated and the results were compared. This study indicates that membrane theory will provide adequate predictions for Holloman constructive properties provided the assumptions for membrane theory are not violated. However, using measured microscale grid deformation strains does not produce very good agreement estimates of the Holloman constitutive model when comparing experimental results with FEA strains. It is believed that while the grid strain measurement method used results in strain measurement errors of less than 1.5% of strain, this error is sufficient to result in enough uncertainty to produce results that are inconsistent with other methods.
Avoiding of Self-Loosening in Components With Multiple Screw Joints
Authors: Guggolz D. , Manoharan S. K. , Friedrich C. 
Published: March 2016

Self-loosening of fastened systems is known as a severe damage mechanism besides the loss of preload due to relaxation and as a result of this the failure of the joint. Main problem is, that self-loosening mostly leads to a rapid preload loss when occurs.
In the 1970s first systematic investigations due to this are reported from Junker et al. using a transverse-vibrational test stand [13]. Nowadays numeric calculation approaches are available (e.g. [12]). All approaches show that very small displacements from loading before complete sliding are sufficient to induce self-loosening — which is a screw rotation against its tightening direction without material rupture of the screw.
Today the mechanism of self-loosening under uni-axial transverse load of single-screwed joints with plain bearing surface is understood and predictable. Also combined loads of vibration and rotation became the focus of university-based research. The challenge is to transfer the knowledge about the mechanism to component fastened systems with multi-screw joints. The fundamental mechanism is not sufficient for component design. This is the reason why up to now no prediction in advance is established in guidelines.
First, this paper shows the time-sequence of self-loosening in general with its different stages. The second step is to work out important influences on self-loosening which will be shown by existing calculations. Then a stress-based calculation and a better criterion for self-loosening will be developed.
Next step, if analytics come to their limits, is the numeric simulation of system behavior. With this the critical preload for self-loosening must be determined to ensure safety of the connection. Following from this screw joints can be dimensioned without risk of self-loosening. The simulation procedure includes right modelling with boundary conditions as well as defining evaluation procedure for a ‘self-loosening-safety-margin’. With simulation of a single-screw joint it gets clear that either analytical or numerical approach can be used. But already for two screws in a fastened system the limits of known equations become obvious.
Finally, results of a vibrational test are shown before conclusions and outlook.
CFD Multiphase Flow Modelling of Air Porosity Defect Formation During High-Pressure Die-Casting Filling Process
Authors: Hao J. , Lin Y. J. , Nie Y. 
Published: March 2016

High-Pressure Die-Casting (HPDC) is an important process for manufacturing high-volume and low-cost components. In this process molten metal is injected at high speed under high pressure into the die cavity, which often leads to entrapment of air into the liquid metal. This will cause air porosity after solidification, the main defect in the parts made by HPDC. The aim of this work was to develop a CFD multiphase flow simulation method to numerically study the air porosity defect formation in HPDC.
Some numerical models have been developed to predict the air porosity defect in HPDC. However, most of them are limited to one phase flow model which could only simulate the filling process of liquid metal. In this study both the bulk fluid and surrounding air were modeled by a 3D multiphase flow model. The proposed model can describe the entrapment, advection and coalescence of air bubbles within the melt, and thus has the ability to accurately simulate the air porosity defect formation in HPDC.
In the present paper, an incompressible-compressible two-phase flow model was developed. The numerical benchmark test of a broken dam problem was used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model. Then numerical model was applied to simulate a high speed water filling process. Results of the modeling were compared with corresponding experimental data and good agreement has been found.