bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The radial distribution of radio emission from SN 1993J: Magnetic field amplification due to the Rayleigh-Taylor instability
Authors: Martí-Vidal I. , Björnsson C.-I. , Pérez-Torres M. A. , Lundqvist P. , Marcaide J. M. 
Published: October 2024

Context. Observations of radio emission from young core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) allow one to study the history of the pre-supernova stellar wind, trace the density structure of the ejected material, and probe the magnetohydrodynamics that describe the interaction between the two, as the forward shock expands into the circumstellar medium. The radio shell of supernova SN 1993J has been observed with very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) for ∼20 years, giving one of the most complete pictures of the evolution of a CCSN shock. However, different results about the expansion curve and properties of the radio-emitting structure have been reported by different authors, likely due to systematics in the data calibration and/or model assumptions made by each team.
Aims. We aim to perform an analysis of the complete set of VLBI observations of SN 1993J that accounts for different instrumental and source-intrinsic effects, in order to retrieve robust conclusions about the shock expansion and physics in SN 1993J.
Methods. We have explored the posterior probability distribution of a complete data model, using a technique based on Markov chains. Our model accounts for antenna calibration effects, as well as different kinds of radio-emission structures for the supernova.
Results. The posterior parameter distributions strongly favor a spherical shell-like radio structure with a nonuniform radial intensity profile, with a broad brightness distribution that peaks close to or just above the region where the contact discontinuity is expected to be located. Regarding the shell expansion, the full dataset can be well described using one single deceleration parameter, β ∼ 0.80, being the shell outer radius R ∝ tβ. There is clear evidence of a relative widening of the shell width beyond day 2600−3300 after the explosion, which is due to an increased deceleration of the inner shell boundary. This is similar to findings previously reported by other authors.
Conclusions. The radial intensity profile and the late evolution of the shell suggest a scenario in which the magnetic field is amplified mainly by the Rayleigh-Taylor instability, which emanates from the contact discontinuity. Furthermore, the increased deceleration of the inner boundary indicates that the reverse shock enters a region of the ejecta at around 3000 days, where the density distribution is substantially flatter. Such a weakening of the reverse shock can also explain the achromatic break in the radio light curves, which occurs at the same time. The deduced radial intensity distribution for SN 1993J is quite similar to that observed in the spatially well-resolved supernova remnant Cassiopeia A.
ASTRODEEP-JWST: NIRCam-HST multi-band photometry and redshifts for half a million sources in six extragalactic deep fields
Authors: Merlin E. , Santini P. , Paris D. , Castellano M. , Fontana A. , Treu T. , Finkelstein S. L. , Dunlop J. S. , Arrabal Haro P. , Bagley M. , Boyett K. , Calabrò A. , Correnti M. , Davis K. , Dickinson M. , Donnan C. T. , Ferguson H. C. , Fortuni F. , Giavalisco M. , Glazebrook K. , Grazian A. , Grogin N. A. , Hathi N. , Hirschmann M. , Kartaltepe J. S. , Kewley L. J. , Kirkpatrick A. , Kocevski D. D. , Koekemoer A. M. , Leung G. , Lotz J. M. , Lucas R. A. , Magee D. K. , Marchesini D. , Mascia S. , McLeod D. J. , McLure R. J. , Nanayakkara T. , Napolitano L. , Nonino M. , Papovich C. , Pentericci L. , Pérez-González P. G. , Pirzkal N. , Ravindranath S. , Roberts-Borsani G. , Somerville R. S. , Trenti M. , Trump J. R. , Vulcani B. , Wang X. , Watson P. J. , Wilkins S. M. , Yang G. , Yung L. Y. A. 
Published: October 2024

Aims. We present a set of photometric catalogues primarily aimed at providing the community with a comprehensive database for the study of galaxy populations in the high-redshift Universe. The set gathers data from eight JWST NIRCam observational programs, targeting the Abell 2744 (GLASS-JWST, UNCOVER, DDT2756, and GO3990), EGS (CEERS), COSMOS and UDS (PRIMER), and the GOODS North and South (JADES and NGDEEP) deep fields. This dataset covers a total area of ≃0.2 sq. degrees.
Methods. We obtained photometric estimates by means of well-established techniques, including tailored improvements designed to enhance the performance on the specific dataset. We also included new measurements from HST archival data, spanning 16 bands from 0.44 to 4.44 µm.
Results. A grand total of ~530 thousand sources were detected on stacks of NIRCam 3.56 and 4.44 µm mosaics. We assessed the photometric accuracy by comparing fluxes and colours against archival catalogues. We also provide photometric redshift estimates, statistically validated against a large set of robust spectroscopic data.
Conclusions. The catalogues are publicly available on the ASTRODEEP website.
Wie wirkt Psychotherapie? Einflussfaktoren auf die therapeutische Beziehung
Authors: Hanke Theresa , Sanwald Simon , Bosch Julia 
Published: October 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Gegenstand und Ziel Die therapeutische Beziehung stellt einen zentralen Wirkfaktor in der Psychotherapie dar. Einflussfaktoren auf die therapeutische Beziehung sowie zugrunde liegende neurobiologische Marker sind wenig untersucht.
Material und Methoden Die Übersicht basiert auf einer Recherche in den zentralen Datenbanken (Pubmed und Psycinfo) zu den verschiedenen patienten-, therapeuten- und settingbezogenen Einflussfaktoren auf die therapeutische Beziehung und den Therapieerfolg sowie deren biologische Marker.
Ergebnisse Studienergebnisse zu den Einflussfaktoren auf die therapeutische Beziehung sind heterogen. Die Erfahrung von Kindesmisshandlung sowie die Diagnose einer Persönlichkeitsstörung stellen einen patientenbezogenen Einflussfaktor auf die therapeutische Beziehung dar, wobei beide Faktoren mit einer schlechteren therapeutischen Beziehung assoziiert sind. Die Passung zwischen den Persönlichkeiten von Patienten und Therapeuten scheint für den Therapieerfolg relevant zu sein. Erste Hyperscanning-Studien zeigen einen Zusammenhang zwischen einer besseren therapeutischen Beziehung und der neuronalen Synchronisierung zwischen dem Therapeuten und dem Patienten.
Schlussfolgerungen und klinische Relevanz Physiologische und neurobiologische Daten sowie detaillierte Videoanalysen können künftig die Auswahl von psychotherapeutischen Behandlungsmethoden, die Fallkonzeption und die Anpassung des therapeutischen Vorgehens verbessern.
Epidemiologie der Myopie: Prävalenz, Risikofaktoren und Auswirkungen der Myopie
Authors: Hopf Susanne , Schuster Alexander 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungMyopie ist die häufigste Ursache für eine Sehbeeinträchtigung bei Kindern und jungen Erwachsenen. Um die Folgen für die Gesellschaft abzuschätzen, ist es notwendig, zeitliche Veränderungen der Prävalenz, Inzidenz und assoziierte Faktoren im Kindes- und jungen Erwachsenenalter sowie die Geschwindigkeit der Myopieprogression anhand epidemiologischer Forschungsarbeiten zu kennen. In dieser Arbeit wird eine Literaturübersicht über Publikationen der Jahre 2020 bis einschließlich März 2024 präsentiert sowie um weitere relevante Publikationen ergänzt. Die Myopieprävalenz bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland ist annähernd stabil und liegt deutlich unter der in Asien. Die Entstehung von Myopie wird durch Tageslichtexposition im Freien, elterliche Myopie, Genetik und Naharbeit beeinflusst, wobei zu wenig Zeit im Freien in der Kindheit ein wesentlicher und beeinflussbarer Risikofaktor ist, um späteren myopiebedingten Komplikationen, wie myoper Makulopathie, Glaukom und
Netzhautablösung, vorzubeugen.
Alzheimer-Demenz und Antidementiva-Verordnungen 2010–2021 in 357
Hausarzt- und 71 Facharztpraxen
Authors: Bohlken Jens , Kostev Karel , Michalowsky Bernhard 
Published: October 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die prognostizierte Anzahl der Menschen mit Demenz (MmD) ist
in Deutschland auf 1,8 Mio. MmD angestiegen. In naher Zukunft wird die Zulassung
einer Antikörper-Therapie erwartet. Ziel der Studie ist es, die bisherige
Antidementiva-Versorgung im Verhältnis zur Diagnoseprävalenz darzustellen.
Methode Auf Basis von Abrechnungsdaten von 357 Haus- und 71 Facharztpraxen
(1,1 Mio. Versicherte) wurde die dokumentierte Demenzdiagnose- und die
Antidementiva Verordnungsprävalenz von 2010 bis 2021 analysiert.
Ergebnisse In Hausarztpraxen blieb die Diagnoseprävalenz der MmD
(Alzheimer-Demenz) mit 1,0–1,3% (0,19–0,21%) relativ konstant. Bei Fachärzten
zeigte sich ein Prävalenzanstieg von 4,9% (2,8%) auf 5,9% (3,6%). Die
Antidementiva-Verordnungsrate nahm in Hausarztpraxen ab (von 0,14% auf 0,10%)
und in Facharztpraxen zu (von 2,1% auf 2,4%).
Diskussion Das Diagnose- und Verordnungsgeschehen blieb, vor allem in
Hausarztpraxen, hinter den Prognosen und Erwartungen zurück.
Die Entdeckung der Bedeutung von Bedeutung
Authors: Kätzel Dennis 
Published: October 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDas Konzept der „aberranten Salienzattribution“ erklärt die Entstehung von psychotischen Symptomen der Schizophrenie damit, dass die Zuordnung von Bedeutsamkeit („Salienz“) zu Gedanken und Sinnesreizen keinen sinnvollen Regeln mehr folgt, sondern quasi chaotisch („aberrant“) ist. Unwichtige Dinge können plötzlich bedeutsam erscheinen. Wahnvorstellungen sind demnach der Versuch des Verstandes, ein kohärentes Weltbild aus Eindrücken und Gedanken zu erzeugen, deren Bedeutung stark verzerrt ist. Ein wichtiger Mechanismus dieser aberranten Salienzattribution ist eine verstärkte Signalwirkung des Botenstoffs Dopamin. In der Entwicklung der Erkrankung erzeugt eine dysregulierte Dopamin-Ausschüttung wiederholt falsche Lernsignale und somit eine „deformierte Struktur“ der Salienzattibution, die zu chronischen Wahnvorstellungen führt. Diese Theorie wurde ursprünglich von Manfred Spitzer in seiner Publikation „A computational approach to delusions“ 2 entwickelt. Sie hat weitreichende Beziehung zu Modellen von implizitem Lernen (v. a. Kurzzeithabituation, Konditionierung und Verstärkungslernen) und hat neue Perspektiven für die Therapie und die systematische Untersuchung der mechanistischen Grundlagen der Symptome der Schizophrenie eröffnet. Solche Studien haben die aberrante Salienzattribution bei Patienten – auch bereits vor Erstdiagnose der Krankheit – auf psychologischer und physiologischer Ebene nachgewiesen.
Insights Into Modern Undergraduate Ultrasound Education: Prospective Comparison of Digital and Analog Teaching Resources in a Flipped Classroom Concept – The DIvAN Study
Authors: Weimer Johannes M. , Recker Florian , Horn Leonie , Kuenzel Julian , Dirks Klaus , Ille Carlotta , Buggenhagen Holger , Börner Norbert , Weimer Andreas Michael , Vieth Thomas , Lorenz Liv , Rink Maximilian , Merkel Daniel , Dionysopoulou Anna , Ludwig Michael , Kloeckner Roman , Weinmann-Menke Julia , Müller Lukas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose  Sonography training has become an important part of university medicine courses. This study explores the impact of digital and analog teaching resources on learning outcomes, knowledge retention, and student preferences and motivation in a flipped classroom setting.
Materials and Methods  This prospective controlled study involving two groups of third-year medical students included a voluntary three-day compact ultrasound course given in a flipped classroom, comprising 26 teaching units of 45 minutes each. Hardcopy lecture notes (control group) and E-learning (study group) were used as teaching resources. Evaluations were conducted before (pre) and during the preparation phase (intermediate), and after (post) the face-to-face course. Likert scale responses, written theory tests with very short answer questions (Theorypre, Theoryinter, Theorypost), and practical examinations (Practiceinter, Practicepost) were used for student self-assessment and to measure attitude, motivation, as well as theoretical and practical skills.
Results  A total of N=236 complete data sets (study group n=136; control group n=100) were analyzed. Both groups showed an equivalent initial level of, and a continuous and significant (p<0.01) increase in, subjective and objective skills over the evaluated time frame. The study group achieved significantly (p<0.05) better results in Theoryinter, Theorypost, Practiceinter, and Practicepost. The study group evaluated their teaching resource and the training concept significantly (p<0.05) better.
Conclusion  The integration of digital resources into sonography education provides comparable learning outcomes to traditional analog materials, enhancing the preparatory phase. In the future, digitally supported training should be used more.
Ist die Biotypisierung der Depression der Beginn einer neuen Ära in der Psychiatrie?
Authors: Kammer Thomas , Grön Georg 
Published: October 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie herkömmlichen Diagnosesysteme wie ICD und DSM haben Schwierigkeiten, die Vielfältigkeit der Manifestationen beispielsweise der depressiven Störung reliabel abzubilden. Dies ist aber eine Voraussetzung für die Entwicklung neuer Therapiestrategien, die differenziell die unterschiedlichen Manifestationen berücksichtigt. Mit funktioneller Bildgebung, insbesondere mit Konnektivitätsmessungen zwischen verschiedenen Arealen, erscheint eine neurobiologische Binnendifferenzierung der Depression möglich geworden. Es werden 2 Arbeiten vorgestellt, in denen depressive Patienten aufgrund ihrer Konnektivitässignaturen aus fMRT-Messungen verschiedenen Biotypen zugeordnet werden. Drysdale et al. 12 legen Unterschiede in der Psychopathologie ihrer Typisierung zugrunde und erarbeiten einer Lösung mit 4 Biotypen. Diese Lösung hat sich mittlerweile als statistisch nicht haltbar herausgestellt. Tozzi et al. 15 nutzen Konnektivitäts- und Aktivierungssignaturen und zeigen eine statistisch robuste Lösung mit 6 Biotypen. Allerdings gibt es nur schwache Bezüge zur Psychopathologie. Beide Konzeptionen tragen vielversprechende Ansätze in sich, müssen sich aber in der therapeutischen Praxis bewähren.
Win Your Race Goal: A Generalized Approach to Prediction of Running
Performance
Authors: Dash Sandhyarani 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe introduce a novel approach for predicting running performance, designed to
apply across a wide range of race distances (from marathons to ultras),
elevation gains, and runner types (front-pack to back of the pack). To achieve
this, the entire running logs of 15 runners, encompassing a total of 15,686
runs, were analyzed using two approaches: (1) regression and (2) time series
regression (TSR). First, the prediction accuracy of a long short-term memory
(LSTM) network was compared using both approaches. The regression approach
demonstrated superior performance, achieving an accuracy of 89.13% in contrast,
the TSR approach reached an accuracy of 85.21%. Both methods were evaluated
using a test dataset that included the last 15 runs from each running log.
Secondly, the performance of the LSTM model was compared against two benchmark
models: Riegel formula and UltraSignup formula for a total of 60 races. The
Riegel formula achieves an accuracy of 80%, UltraSignup 87.5%, and the LSTM
model exhibits 90.4% accuracy. This work holds potential for integration into
popular running apps and wearables, offering runners data-driven insights during
their race preparations.
Cholangioscopy-based convoluted neuronal network vs. confocal laser endomicroscopy in identification of neoplastic biliary strictures
Authors: Robles-Medranda Carlos , Baquerizo-Burgos Jorge , Puga-Tejada Miguel , Cunto Domenica , Egas-Izquierdo Maria , Mendez Juan Carlos , Arevalo-Mora Martha , Alcivar Vasquez Juan , Lukashok Hannah , Tabacelia Daniela 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background and study aims Artificial intelligence (AI) models have demonstrated high diagnostic performance identifying neoplasia during digital single-operator cholangioscopy (DSOC). To date, there are no studies directly comparing AI vs. DSOC-guided probe-base confocal laser endomicroscopy (DSOC-pCLE). Thus, we aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of a DSOC-based AI model with DSOC-pCLE for identifying neoplasia in patients with indeterminate biliary strictures.
Patients and methods This retrospective cohort-based diagnostic accuracy study included patients ≥ 18 years old who underwent DSOC and DSOC-pCLE (June 2014 to May 2022). Four methods were used to diagnose each patient's biliary structure, including DSOC direct visualization, DSOC-pCLE, an offline DSOC-based AI model analysis performed in DSOC recordings, and DSOC/pCLE-guided biopsies. The reference standard for neoplasia was a diagnosis based on further clinical evolution, imaging, or surgical specimen findings during a 12-month follow-up period.
Results A total of 90 patients were included in the study. Eighty-six of 90 (95.5%) had neoplastic lesions including cholangiocarcinoma (98.8%) and tubulopapillary adenoma (1.2%). Four cases were inflammatory including two cases with chronic inflammation and two cases of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Compared with DSOC-AI, which obtained an area under the receiver operator curve (AUC) of 0.79, DSOC direct visualization had an AUC of 0.74 (P = 0.763), DSOC-pCLE had an AUC of 0.72 (P = 0.634), and DSOC- and pCLE-guided biopsy had an AUC of 0.83 (P = 0.809).
Conclusions The DSOC-AI model demonstrated an offline diagnostic performance similar to that of DSOC-pCLE, DSOC alone, and DSOC/pCLE-guided biopsies. Larger multicenter, prospective, head-to-head trials with a proportional sample among neoplastic and nonneoplastic cases are advisable to confirm the obtained results.
Evaluation of an Outpatient Cervical Ripening Program Using Osmotic Dilators and Foley Balloon Catheters
Authors: Sidebottom Abbey C. , Wunderlich Whitney L. , Vacquier Marc C. , Drake Kelly A. , Goering Mary P. , Hoffman Sandra I. , Watson David A. , Colicchia Laura C. 
Published: October 2024

Objective This study aimed to describe patient characteristics, satisfaction, and outcome measures for patients undergoing outpatient cervical ripening.
Study Design A retrospective cohort study using electronic health record data from March 2020 to March 2022 from a large health system. The sample included patients with a low-risk singleton pregnancy undergoing outpatient cervical ripening with either an osmotic dilator or Foley balloon catheter. A subset of patients completed satisfaction surveys. Frequencies and means were used to describe the population and conduct comparisons by device type. Inverse probability of treatment weighted estimates were generated to address baseline differences between patients in the two device groups.
Results Outpatient cervical ripening was completed by 120 patients (80 osmotic dilators and 40 Foley balloon catheters). The mean time from insertion to inpatient admission was 16.2 ± 4.8 hours. The mean change in simplified Bishop score (SBS) was 1.8 ± 1.4 and the mean change in dilation was 1.8 ± 1.1 cm. There were no differences in the amount of cervical change by device type. Patients returned earlier than planned 16.7% of the time, primarily for contractions or rupture of membranes. Following outpatient cervical ripening, the time from admission to delivery was 19.9 ± 10.3 hours, with no difference by device type. Vaginal delivery occurred for 74.8% of patients. Patients reported overall satisfaction with the outpatient cervical ripening experience, with the highest satisfaction among those with osmotic dilators. Patients with both device types stated they would recommend outpatient cervical ripening to others, and experienced low levels of stress and discomfort at home prior to hospital admission.
Conclusion Patients participating in outpatient cervical ripening with osmotic dilators or Foley balloon catheters experienced clinically meaningful changes in dilation and SBSs while at home and reported general satisfaction with the outpatient program experience.
Key Points
Konzept zur wissenschaftlichen Begleitung und Evaluation von
Modellversuchen nach dem Cannabis-Gesetz – Säule 2
Authors: Krüger Wolfgang , Schulenburg Johann-Matthias Graf von der 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungDas im April 2024 verabschiedete Gesetz zur Legalisierung des Cannabiskonsums
sieht in der Säule 2 die Durchführung von wissenschaftlich begleiteten und
evaluierten Modellversuchen zur Einrichtung lizensierter Fachgeschäfte für
Cannabis vor. Bis jetzt ist die praktische Umsetzung völlig offen. Einerseits
stimuliert die Legalisierung des Cannabis-Konsums eine verstärkte Nachfrage, die
aber nur auf dem Schwarzmarkt befriedigt werden kann. Dies erscheint
kontraproduktiv zu den Zielen des Gesetzes. Ein Rahmen für die Evaluation von
Fachgeschäften für Cannabis scheint dringend erforderlich.
Unexpected Intracameral Foreign Bodies During Regular Cataract Surgeries
Authors: Goldblum David , Tandogan Tamer 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background Unexpected intracameral foreign bodies during regular cataract surgery appear relatively often but seem to be underreported, since they are almost often immediately removed. They rarely remain in the anterior chamber and can be the source of inflammation, infections, or lead to corneal endothelial decompensation. We report two series of cases with different materials of different origins and review the literature.
Patients and Methods During several cases of uncomplicated phacoemulsifications under topical anesthesia, unknown foreign bodies visibly flushed in through the sleeve of the phaco handpiece. The material was always removed and submitted to the (Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt; Federal Institute for Materials Testing and Research) for further investigations.
Results Spectral analysis revealed that, in our cases, the foreign bodies were remnants of otherwise intact phaco sleeves that had not been cleaned properly during production. In another case series, the resin granules from the water filtration system for the instrument washing machine had found their way into the phaco handpieces.
Conclusion Many shapes and materials of different origins might unexpectedly appear during cataract surgery in the eye. Their immediate extraction is necessary, as they might cause corneal endothelial damage, chronic inflammation, or could be the source of infections. Vigilance reporting is also important for the controlling medicinal organizations and companies to assure early recognition of systematic problems.