bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Analysis of AcrySof Intraocular Lens Glistening
Authors: Shiba T. , Mitooka K. , Tsuneoka H. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose The authors studied the effects of changes in packaging solution temperature on the development of glistening in acrylic intraocular lenses (AcrySof, Alcon). Methods Glistening was examined by slit lamp at each condition. In Experiment 1, Aciy S o f lenses were soaked in physiologic saline adjusted to 15°C and 37°C in an incubator. In Experiment 2, AcrySof lenses were soaked in physiologic saline adjusted to 37°C and 60°C for 5 min, then stored in physiologic saline adjusted to 15°C. In Experiment 3, glistening formation was induced in AcrySof lenses by soaking them in warm water (37°C). The lenses were allowed to dry at 15°C and then soaked in physiologic saline adjusted to 15°C. After storage of dry AcrySof lenses at 37°C in an incubator for 10 months followed by soaking in physiologic saline adjusted to 15°C, glistening formation was evaluated in Experiment 4. Results Glistening became observable after 1 month, despite the temperature having been lowered to 15°C. No glistening was observed in the lenses soaked in physiologic saline adjusted to 37°C after 5 min, but glistening was observed 1 month after soaking. When allowed to dry at 15°C, the glistening decreased. After 1 month of soaking at 15°C, glistening was again observable. Conclusions AcrySof lenses soaked in warm water for a short time may change characteristics, and therefore, close monitoring of the temperature and time of soaking is necessary to prevent glistening formation.
The Effect of Intraoperative Antibiotics in Irrigating Solutions on Aqueous Humor Contamination and Endophthalmitis after Phacoemulsification Surgery
Authors: Sobaci G. , Tuncer K. , Taş A. , Özyurt M. , Bayer A. , Kutlu U. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To determine the efficacy of intraoperative antibiotic use in irrigating solutions on aqueous humor contamination during phacoemulsification surgery and to evaluate the corresponding risk of postoperative endophthalmitis. Methods 644 eyes of 640 patients who underwent phacoemulsification surgery with foldable intraocular lens (IOL) implantation were included in this study. Preoperative conjunctival smears were taken and eyes were allocated to receive irrigating infusion fluid containing either balanced salt solution (BSS)-only (group 1; 322 eyes) or BSS with antibiotics (vancomycin and gentamycin) during surgery (group 2; 322 eyes). Bacterial contamination rates of aqueous humor samples taken in the beginning and at the end of operation were compared. Predictive factors for the development of postoperative endophthalmitis were determined by clinical and microbiologic analyses. Results The rates of culture-positivity were similar between group 1 and group 2 for both preoperative conjunctival smears and aqueous samples (p > 0.05). Aqueous samples taken at the end of operation were found to be contaminated in 68 (21.1%) eyes in group 1 and 22 (6.8%) eyes in group 2, and the difference was significant (p = 0.0001; OR = 3.65 (2.1–6.0)). Capsular rupture was associated with higher rate of contamination in both groups (p = 0.0001; OR = 7.7 and p = 0.0001; OR = 8.1). Two eyes in the BSS-only group developed postoperative endophthalmitis and these cases had posterior capsular rupture during the surgery and culture-positivity forstaphylococcus epidermidis throughout the study. Conclusions Intraoperative antibiotic irrigation decreases aqueous humor contamination during phacoemulsification. Further studies are warranted to determine the interrelationship between aqueous humor contamination and endophthalmitis in eyes with posterior capsular rupture.
Malondialdehyde and Antioxidant Enzyme Levels in the Aqueous Humor of Rabbits in Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis
Authors: Satici A , Guzey M. , Gurler B. , Vural H. , Gurkan T. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To investigate the role of oxidative stress in endotoxin-induced uveitis. Methods Lipopolysaccharide was injected intravitreally into the right eyes of rabbits. Sterile saline was injected intravitreally into the left eyes as a control. Inflammation was assessed according to clinical score, aqueous humor cell count, and protein levels. Malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and nitrite levels were measured in the aqueous humor. Results The clinical grade (p<0.01), inflammatory cell count (p<0.001), and protein content (p<0.001) were significantly higher in the aqueous humor of eyes with uveitis than in that of controls. Malondialdehyde (p<0.01) and nitrite (p<0.001) levels in the aqueous humor of eyes with uveitis were significantly higher than in the control group. Superoxide dismutase (p<0.001), glutathione peroxidase (p<0.001), and catalase (p<0.001) levels were significantly lower in the aqueous humor of eyes with uveitis than in that of the controls. Conclusions Oxygen free radicals may be implicated as a mediator of inflammation in endotoxin-induced uveitis. The increase in free radicals in the aqueous humor may play a role in the pathogenesis of endotoxin-induced uveitis.
Ocular Complication of Intralesional Corticosteroid Injection of a Chalazion
Authors: Hoşal B.M. , Zilelioğlu G. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report a major complication of intralesional corticosteroid injection for the treatment of a chalazion. Methods A 28-year-old woman presented with a 4-day history of decreased vision in her left eye that developed after corticosteroid injection to her upper eyelid for the treatment of chalazion. The visual acuity was 20/20 in her right and finger counting in her left eye. Anterior segment examination showed an inferior corneal opacity with positive Seidel test and cataract. Results A soft contact lens was applied to cornea and antibiotic therapy was given to prevent endophthalmitis. Cataract was removed by lens aspiration and a posterior chamber intraocular lens was implanted. After surgery, the visual acuity increased to 20/20 in her left eye. Conclusions Inadvertent corneal penetration and traumatic cataract are possible and serious complications of intralesional corticosteroid injection.
Endophthalmitis Caused by Mycobacterium Abscessus
Authors: Marín-Casanova P. , Calandria Amiguetti J.L. , GarcíA-Martos P. , Lozano Dominguez C. , Hoyos Sanabria B. , Puerto Alonso J.L. , GarcíA-Tapia A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To describe the clinical and laboratory features of a case of endophthalmitis caused by Mycobacterium abscessus in a patient immunocompetent. Methods case report. A 65-year-old woman with bilateral cataracts was treated by surgery with phacoemulsification and posterior chamber lens implantation. Results The funduscopic examination showed vitreous cells over the optic nerve head, chorioretinal infiltrates, and focal vasculitis. Vitreous humor aspirate disclosed acid-fast bacilli. In the culture on Löwenstein-Jensen medium grew colonies identified as M. abscessus. Conclusions M. abscessus is cause of endophthalmitis and crystalline keratopathy. Risk factor include surgical intervention or exogenous contamination. Our patient has no systemic pathology predisposing to the development of endophthalmitis.
Persistency and Clinical Outcomes Associated with Latanoprost and Beta-Blocker Monotherapy: Evidence from a European Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Diestelhorst M. , Schaefer C.P. , Beusterien K.M. , Plante K.M. , Fain J.M. , Mozaffari E. , Dhawan R. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate persistency (time on initial therapy) and the clinical impact of latanoprost versus beta-blocker monotherapy in treating glaucoma. Methods This observational, multicenter, retrospective medical chart review study conducted in four European countries included patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension who began their first glaucoma treatment with latanoprost or a beta-blocker between November 1996 and November 1998. Persistency and glaucoma-related clinical outcomes data were abstracted for the 2 years following treatment initiation. Results In all, 260 patient charts were analyzed (94 latanoprost, 166 beta-blocker). Patients in the latanoprost group stayed on therapy twice as long as those who received a beta-blocker (p<0.0001). After adjusting for baseline characteristics, patients receiving a beta-blocker as initial therapy were 3.8 times more likely to change therapy than those initially treated with latanoprost (p<0.0001). Patients in the latanoprost group also experienced greater mean decreases in intraocular pressure (IOP) than those receiving a beta-blocker (7.4 mmHg versus 4.6 mmHg, respectively; p<0.0001), and fewer had worsened optic nerve head excavation (1.7% versus 14.2%, respectively; p<0.05) by the time of their first therapy change or last study visit, whichever came first. Conclusions Over a 2-year period, latanoprost was associated with significantly greater persistency and better clinical IOP outcomes compared with beta-blocker therapy.
Comparative Study of Vitrectomy with and without Vein Decompression for Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion: A Pilot Study
Authors: Figueroa M.S. , Torres R. , Alvarez M.T. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report the clinical outcomes in patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy with and without vein decompression for treatment of branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). METHODS Thirty-five eyes with macular edema and visual acuity worse than 20/100 secondary to BRVO were prospectively evaluated. Vitrectomy with posterior hyaloid removal and vein decompression at the arteriovenous crossing was performed on 15 eyes (Group 1); consecutively, the same technique without vein decompression was performed on 20 eyes (Group 2). Primary outcome was visual acuity and secondary outcomes were resolution of macular edema and development of neovascularization. Results No differences were found between groups in either patient age (p=0.566) or preoperative visual acuity (p=0.505). No differences were found in visual acuity at 3 (p=0.651), 6 (p =0.697), 9 (p =0.763), 12 (p=0.881), or 18 (p=0.748) months. Mean time for macular edema resolution and visual acuity improvement was 9 months in both groups, with a mean improvement of 3.5 ± 2.35 lines in Group 1 and 3.2 ± 2.97 lines in Group 2. No eyes in either group developed new vessels. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that vitrectomy with posterior hyaloid removal without vein decompression can resolve macular edema, improve vision, and prevent development of new vessels in BRVO.
Optical Coherence Tomography and Retinal Thickness Analyzer Features of Spontaneous Resolution of Vitreomacular Traction Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Carpineto P. , Ciancaglini M. , Aharrh-gnama A. , Agnifili L. , Mastropasqua L. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report optical coherence tomography (OCT) and retinal thickness analyzer (RIA) findings in a case of spontaneous resolution of vitreomacular traction syndrome. METHODS Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the macular region was performed with OCT and RTA. Results In the left eye of a 34-year-old woman with blurred vision, OCT and RTA examination showed a discrete linear signal anterior to the retina with attachment at the macula and secondary cystoid macular changes. OCT and RTA examination showed an increase in macular thickness (350 μm). Six months later the patient showed a spontaneous complete recovery of visual acuity. Vitreomacular traction and cystoid changes were no longer detectable at OCT and RTA examination; retinal thickness was normal (205 μm) and a posterior vitreous detachment was visible. CONCLUSIONS Both OCT and RTA were useful tools for making the diagnosis of vitreomacular traction syndrome and demonstrating the effect of spontaneous vitreomacular traction release with resolution of cystoid macular changes.
Corneal Surface Changes in Thygeson's Superficial Punctate Keratitis: A Clinical and Noncontact Photomicrographic in Vivo Study in the Human Cornea
Authors: Tabery H.M. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To elucidate mechanisms behind the morphology of Thygeson's superficial punctate keratitis (TSPK). METHODS Sixteen patients were examined with the slit lamp and photographed by noncontact photomicrography. The results were compared with morphology of epithelial keratitis in herpes simplex type 1 (HSV1), varicella zoster (VZV), and adenovirus type 8 (Ad8) infections, all previously studied by the same method, and with published histologic findings in TSPK. Results In the photographs, the corneal epithelium showed various numbers of abnormal subsurface cells measuring about 10 μm in diameter, present individually, in small groups, or aggregated in larger lesions (coarse lesions with the slit lamp). The surface epithelium was well preserved, except in larger lesions, which showed surface debris. The morphology was unlike HSV1 and VZV epithelial keratitis, but strongly resembled epithelial changes occurring in Ad8 infections on day 5, and later, after the onset of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS TSPK shows a more widespread epithelial involvement than suspected with the slit lamp. Its morphology seems to reflect an action of a noxious agent targeted at the deeper epithelial layers, with the appearance of abnormal cells as a result. These might represent invading inflammatory cells, damaged intraepithelial ones, or both. The coarse lesions visualize areas of major involvement showing discernible signs of cell destruction. The similarity to Ad8 keratitis suggests that the source of the noxious agent might be located outside the cornea. The morphology, in conjunction with clinical features, is compatible with an immunologically mediated injury. The etiology remains unknown.
Ultrasound Biomicroscopy Findings in Peripheral Vitreoretinal Toxocariasis
Authors: Cella W. , Ferreira E. , Torigoe A.M.S. , Macchiaverni-filho N. , Balarin V. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To describe the morphologic alterations in ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) present in peripheral vitreoretinal toxocariasis. METHODS An observational prospective study of case series. Fifteen eyes of 15 patients with clinical and laboratory diagnosis of peripheral vitreoretinal toxocariasis were enrolled. The patients were submitted to UBM examination of the region corresponding to the pars plana of the affected eye. Results The most common morphologic alterations found by UBM in patients with peripheral vitreoretinal toxocariasis were as follows: vitreal membranes (13 cases), toxocara granuloma (11 cases), and pseudocysts (8 cases). Other less frequent findings were thickening of the ciliary body (6 cases), cystic formation (2 cases), peripheral retinal detachment (2 cases), rectification of the iris root (1 case), and posterior synechiae (1 case). CONCLUSIONS UBM allows detection of well-defined morphologic alterations associated with peripheral vitreoretinal toxocariasis, being useful to reinforce the clinical diagnosis
Ocular Injuries Secondary to Motor Vehicle Accidents
Authors: Panagiotidis D.N. , Theodossiadis P.G. , Petsias C.B. , Kyriaki T.E. , Marakis T.P. , Friberg T.R. , Moschos M.N. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Ocular trauma is one of the main causes of visual reduction or loss, particularly in the younger population. METHODS In this prospective study the authors included 67 consecutive patients with ocular trauma secondary to motor vehicle accidents who were hospitalized in the Athens University Eye Clinic from September 1993 to December 1996. The mean follow-up time was 31 months, the mean age was 31.7 years, and the ratio between men and women was 2.7:1. Results Thirty-two of the accidents (47.76%) took place in populated areas. Among the 67 injured persons, 58 (86.56%) were car passengers, 8 (11.95%) were on motorcycles, and 1 (1.49%) was a pedestrian. Only 3 (5.2%) of the 58 persons injured inside automobiles used safety belts and none of the motorcyclists used crash helmets during the accidents. Fifty-three (79.1%) ocular traumas were penetrating in nature, with glass fragments being the main cause in 36 of them (67.9%). Among the 53 injured persons experiencing penetrating ocular trauma, 49 had a follow-up time of more than 6 months. Twenty of them (40.8%) underwent one surgical procedure, 22 (44.9%) were submitted to two surgical procedures, and the remaining 7 persons (14.3%) needed three or more operations. Eighteen (36.7%) of the 49 patients with penetrating ocular trauma and with 6 months follow-up had a final visual acuity of less than 1/20, 21 (42.9%) had a visual acuity of more than 5/10, and 3 (6.1%) underwent enucleation. Among the 67 patients, 61 had a follow-up time of more than 6 months, regardless of their history of penetrating ocular trauma. Eighteen of them (29.5%) had a final visual acuity of less than 1/20, 8 (13.1%) had a visual acuity between 2/10 and 4/10, and 22 (52.5%) had a visual acuity of more than 5/10. CONCLUSIONS Because motor vehicle accidents can cause severe ocular trauma, it would be helpful for drivers to be more careful and aware of motor vehicle regulations. There seems to be a great need of enforcement of seatbelt laws in Greece.
Pigmented Congenital Vitreous Cyst
Authors: Bayraktar Z. , Kapran Z. , Ozdogan S. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To describe the clinical findings in a case with a typical pigmented congenital vitreous cyst and to discuss its differential diagnosis. METHODS/CASE REPORT A 24-year-old woman complaining of floaters and blurring of vision during eye movements in the right eye was examined. Results A diagnosis of congenital vitreous cyst was made after detailed viteoretinal examination, B-scan ultrasonography (eye and abdomen), computerized tomography of brain, chest radiogram, serologic tests for Echinococcosis and Cysticercosis in the serum, and complete blood count for eosinophilia. Clinical presentation and the patient's complaints remained unchanged during 3 years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Congenital vitreous cysts are benign lesions. Differential diagnosis from acquired cysts requires careful clinical examination and appropriate laboratory tests.
Duplication of the Optic Disc: True or Pseudo? A Coloboma or not a Coloboma?
Authors: McLoone E.M. , Buchanan T.A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To present an unusual case of optic disc pseudoduplication with colobomata. METHODS Clinical evaluation, fundus photography and literature review. Results Optic disc duplication is a rare clinical entity. CONCLUSIONS We report what we believe to be the first case of pseudoduplication of the optic disc with coexistent bilateral optic disc colobomata.
Retinal Detachment in Focal Dermal Hypoplasia
Authors: Prenner J.L. , Ciaccia S. , Capone A. , Trese M.T. 
Published: January 2018

Background Focal dermal hypoplasia is a systemic disease that includes well recognized ocular abnormalities. Retinal detachment has not previously been reported as a part of this syndrome. Purpose To report a case of focal dermal hypoplasia with an associated retinal detachment. METHODS Single case report of a child with a colobomatous retinal detachment and the focal dermal hypoplasia syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Retinal detachments may occur as part of the focal dermal hypoplasia syndrome. Expanding knowledge of this syndrome may help ophthalmologists diagnose this rare condition.
Effects of Betaxolol and Latanoprost on Ocular Blood flow and Visual Fields in Patients with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Erkin E.F. , Tarhan S. , Kayikçioğlu Ö.R. , Devecı H. , Güler C. , GÖktan C. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the effects of betaxolol and latanoprost on ocular blood flow and visual fields in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) by means of an obseiver-masked, prospective clinical study. METHODS Thirty-two patients with newly diagnosed POAG were included in the study. The patients were randomized into two groups. The first group was treated with betaxolol 0.50% twice daily and the second group with latanoprost 0.005% once daily. Baseline and post-treatment examinations on the first and third months of treatment included intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, automated visual field testing, and ocular blood flow assessment. For evaluation of visual fields, mean defect and pattern standard deviation indices were used. Ocular blood flow was assessed by means of color Doppler imaging of the central retinal artery (CRA) and the temporal short posterior ciliary artery (PCA). For each vessel, peak systolic (PSV) and end-diastolic (EDV) blood flow velocities were measured and resistivity index (RI) calculated. Results After exclusion of one noncompliant patient, the study was completed with 31 eyes of 31 patients. Both drugs significantly reduced IOP (p<0.05). The mean IOP lowering effect of latanoprost was significantly higher than that of betaxolol (p=0.03). Visual field indices exhibited no significant changes in either group (p>0.05). There were no significant changes in PSV or EDV measurements of CRA or PCA in either group (p>0.05). RI decreased in both CRA and PCA with both drugs. The mean changes between baseline and 3 month blood flow measurements were not significantly different between betaxolol and latanoprost (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Over a treatment period of 3 months, both betaxolol and latanoprost tended to improve ocular blood flow without one of them being superior to the other. The results suggest that the direct (non IOP-dependent) influence on ocular circulation is better for betaxolol than for latanoprost. In addition, neither drug caused significant generalized improvements in visual fields during this period.
Indications and Outcome of Carotid Doppler Ultrasound: An Ophthalmic Perspective
Authors: Mukherji S. , Kurli M. , Sandramouli S. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess indications and outcome of carotid Doppler ultrasound requested by ophthalmologists from an eye hospital over a period of three years. METHODS This retrospective study was designed to analyse data for all patients referred to have carotid Doppler ultrasound from 1999 to 2001. Colour fundus photograph was used to ascertain diagnosis of ocular condition. Detailed case note analysis was done to correlate patient details, indication, results of carotid Doppler, and status of anti-platelet treatment as well as presence of other risk factors. Results 107 patients were included in the study. 46.7% had normal internal carotid on Doppler while 53.3% patients had stenosis, 22.8% of which were significant. 15 out of 24 patients with retinal artery occlusion had internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis. 2 out of 6 patients with migraine had significant stenosis. 12 patients had retinal vein occlusion (5 were bilateral), 9 of whom showed ICA stenosis. 14 of 15 patients with retinal emboli had stenosis of ICA. Other diagnoses included anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy, cranial nerve palsy, etc. 42 patients had 1 to 3 risk factors, and 11 patients had more than 3 risk factors. Ophthalmologists started anti-platelet management in 24 patients (42.1%) with some degree of ICA stenosis. CONCLUSIONS Approximately 55% of our patients referred for carotid Doppler were positive for ICA stenosis with nearly a fifth of such referrals having more than 70% stenosis, which is considered to be clinically significant. Our results highlight the importance of such referrals for carotid Doppler for various ophthalmic conditions by the ophthalmologists.