bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward a critical politics of precarity
Authors: Millar Kathleen M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn recent years, the term precarity has proliferated in the social sciences at the risk of losing its analytical purchase. This review considers the value and limitations of precarity in the various ways it has operated as both a theoretical and political concept. It first traces the historical development of the term in sociology and cognate fields, ultimately arguing for a relational approach to the concept rooted in the analysis of specific labor conditions. It then examines emergent critiques of the (often hidden) political work that the concept of precarity performs. That is, the denunciatory discourse of precarity, ironically, has the potential to uphold normative forms of work and life, including the ideal of full‐time wage labor. Instead, a critical politics of precarity leaves open the question of how precarious labor relates to precarious life and attends to ruptures that offer alternatives to the valorization of waged work.
Bridging critical race theory and migration: Moving beyond assimilation theories
Authors: García San Juanita 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCritical race scholars have shifted the sociological migration literature from addressing how immigrants incorporate into the host society to instead asking how immigrants, their children, and communities are racialized. They also shift the focus from “ethnic” descriptions of immigrants of color by bringing race and racism to the forefront. This article provides an overview of critical race theory to document the racialized lives of Mexican immigrants and their communities. I bring attention to one of the dominant approaches to the study of sociological migration, segmented assimilation theory. In doing so, I use critical race theory as a framework to bring race and other axes of stratification such as undocumented status to light.
Measuring contact area in a sliding human finger‐pad contact
Authors: Liu X. , Carré M. J. , Zhang Q. , Lu Z. , Matcher S. J. , Lewis R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackground/PurposeThe work outlined in this paper was aimed at achieving further understanding of skin frictional behaviour by investigating the contact area between human finger‐pads and flat surfaces.MethodsBoth the static and the dynamic contact areas (in macro‐ and micro‐scales) were measured using various techniques, including ink printing, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Digital Image Correlation (DIC).ResultsIn the studies of the static measurements using ink printing, the experimental results showed that the apparent and the real contact area increased with load following a piecewise linear correlation function for a finger‐pad in contact with paper sheets. Comparisons indicated that the OCT method is a reliable and effective method to investigate the real contact area of a finger‐pad and allow micro‐scale analysis. The apparent contact area (from the DIC measurements) was found to reduce with time in the transition from the static phase to the dynamic phase while the real area of contact (from OCT) increased.ConclusionsThe results from this study enable the interaction between finger‐pads and contact object surface to be better analysed, and hence improve the understanding of skin friction.
A study of optimum aeration efficiency of a lab‐scale air‐diffused system
Authors: Al Ba'ba'a Hasan B. , Amano Ryoichi S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractUp to now, tremendous efforts have been devoted to modelling the oxygen transfer coefficient (kLa) for diffused aeration systems, while not considering the corresponding energy consumption. Enhancing kLa is favorable for an exemplary oxygenation process, but may come at the cost of greater energy withdrawal, an unwelcome tradeoff. Assessing the aeration efficiency (the rate of oxygen delivered per unit energy) reflects the overall effectiveness of an aeration process and guarantees a superior system performance. Presented here is a lab‐scale study that investigates the effect of the orifice diameter, the airflow rate and the water column on the aeration efficiency. Various combinations of the studied parameters were tested using a cylindrical tank with a single orifice for air injection. An optimal performance of the aeration efficiency was observed at an orifice diameter of 0.3 mm when tested under 0.91 m water column and an airflow rate of 0.05 SLPM. Furthermore, a new empirical formula of aeration efficiency was established with a high correlation index (R2 = 0.97) to allow preliminary prediction of aeration efficiency.
Draft Genome Sequences of Mycobacterium kansasii Clinical Strains
Authors: Borówka Paulina , Lach Jakub , Bakuła Zofia , van Ingen Jakko , Safianowska Aleksandra , Brzostek Anna , Dziadek Jarosław , Strapagiel Dominik , Jagielski Tomasz 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium kansasii
is a nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) pathogen, frequently isolated from clinical samples and responsible for a large part of NTM infections in the human population. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of 12
M. kansasii
strains isolated from clinical and host-associated sources from the Netherlands, Germany, and Poland.
Draft Genome Sequence of Blood Disease Bacterium A2 HR-MARDI, a Pathogen Causing Banana Bacterial Wilt
Authors: Badrun Rafidah , Abu Bakar Norliza , Laboh Rozeita , Redzuan Rohaiza , Bala Jaganath Indu 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Blood disease bacterium A2 HR-MARDI was isolated from banana plants infected with banana blood disease and which were planted in Kuala Kangsar, Malaysia. Here, we report a draft genome sequence of blood disease bacterium A2 HR-MARDI, which could provide important information on the virulence mechanism of this pathogen.
Complete Genome Sequences of Two Geographically Distinct Legionella micdadei Clinical Isolates
Authors: Osborne Amy J. , Jose Bethany R. , Perry Jasper , Smeele Zoe , Aitken Jack , Gardner Paul P. , Slow Sandy 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Legionella
is a highly diverse genus of intracellular bacterial pathogens that cause Legionnaire’s disease (LD), an often severe form of pneumonia. Two
L. micdadei
sp. clinical isolates, obtained from patients hospitalized with LD from geographically distinct areas, were sequenced using PacBio SMRT cell technology, identifying incomplete phage regions, which may impact virulence.
Complete Genome Sequence of Escherichia coli BLR(DE3), a
recA
-Deficient Derivative of E. coli BL21(DE3)
Authors: Goffin Philippe , Dehottay Philippe 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Escherichia coli
BLR(DE3) is a commercially available
recA
-deficient derivative of BL21(DE3), one of the most widely used strains for recombinant protein expression. Here, we present the full-genome sequence of BLR(DE3) and highlight additional differences with its parent strain BL21(DE3) which were previously unreported but may affect its physiology.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Recombinant Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Strain from Two Genotype 1 Modified Live Virus Vaccine Strains
Authors: Renson Patricia , Touzain Fabrice , Lebret Arnaud , Le Dimna Mireille , Quenault Hélène , Normand Valérie , Claude Jean-Baptiste , Pez Floriane , Rose Nicolas , Blanchard Yannick , Bourry Olivier 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
This paper provides information on the complete genome sequence of a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) strain isolated on a French pig farm which was identified as a recombinant strain from two commercial modified live virus vaccine strains of genotype 1 (VP-046BIS and DV strains).
Complete Genome Sequences of Three Salmonella enterica subsp.
enterica
Serovar Saintpaul Isolates Associated with a 2013 Multistate Outbreak in the United States
Authors: Yao Kuan , Muruvanda Tim , Allard Marc W. , Hoffmann Maria 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

In 2013, a multistate outbreak of
Salmonella enterica
subsp.
enterica
serovar Saintpaul from cucumber caused 84 cases of salmonellosis in the United States. In this announcement, we report the complete genome sequences of three clinical
Salmonella
Saintpaul isolates associated with the 2013 outbreak.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Hypervirulent Strain, USA300-C2406, Isolated from a Patient with a Lethal Case of Necrotizing Pneumonia
Authors: McClure Jo-Ann , Zhang Kunyan 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

USA300 is a predominant community-associated methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
strain causing significant morbidity and mortality. We present here the full annotated genome of a USA300 hypervirulent clinical strain, USA300-C2406, isolated from a patient with a lethal case of necrotizing pneumonia, to gain a better understanding of USA300 hypervirulence.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Strain of
Bacillus intestinalis
sp. nov., a New Member of Sporobiota Isolated from the Small Intestine of a Single Patient with Intestinal Cancer
Authors: Tetz Victor , Tetz George 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

We report here the draft genome sequence of
Bacillus intestinalis
strain 1731, a novel spore-forming bacterium isolated from the small intestine of a patient with intestinal cancer. The genome comprised 4,047,276 bp, with 43.9% G+C content. There were 3,913 predicted protein-coding genes, including those associated with antibiotic resistance and virulence.
Fine-Tuning of the Cpx Envelope Stress Response Is Required for Cell Wall Homeostasis in Escherichia coli
Authors: Delhaye Antoine , Collet Jean-François , Laloux Géraldine 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

The envelope of Gram-negative bacteria is an essential compartment that constitutes a protective and permeability barrier between the cell and its environment. The envelope also hosts the cell wall, a mesh-like structure made of peptidoglycan (PG) that determines cell shape and provides osmotic protection. Since the PG must grow and divide in a cell-cycle-synchronized manner, its synthesis and remodeling are tightly regulated. Here, we discovered that PG homeostasis is intimately linked to the levels of activation of the Cpx system, an envelope stress response system traditionally viewed as being involved in protein quality control in the envelope. We first show that Cpx is activated when PG integrity is challenged and that this activation provides protection to cells exposed to antibiotics inhibiting PG synthesis. By rerouting the outer membrane lipoprotein NlpE, a known Cpx activator, to a different envelope subcompartment, we managed to manipulate Cpx activation levels. We found that Cpx overactivation leads to aberrant cellular morphologies, to an increased sensitivity to β-lactams, and to dramatic division and growth defects, consistent with a loss of PG homeostasis. Remarkably, these phenotypes were largely abrogated by the deletion of
ldtD
, a Cpx-induced gene involved in noncanonical PG cross-linkage, suggesting that this transpeptidase is an important link between PG homeostasis and the Cpx system
.
Altogether our data show that fine-tuning of an envelope quality control system constitutes an important layer of regulation of the highly organized cell wall structure.

IMPORTANCE
The envelope of Gram-negative bacteria is essential for viability. First, it includes the cell wall, a continuous polymer of peptidoglycan (PG) that determines cell morphology and protects against osmotic stress. Moreover, the envelope constitutes a protective barrier between the cell interior and the environment. Therefore, mechanisms called envelope stress response systems (ESRS) exist to monitor and defend envelope integrity against harmful conditions. Cpx is a major ESRS that detects and manages the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the envelope of
Escherichia coli
. We found that this protein quality control system also plays a fundamental role in the regulation of PG assembly. Strikingly, the level of Cpx response is critical, as an excessive activation leads to phenotypes associated with a loss of cell wall integrity. Thus, by contributing to PG homeostasis, the Cpx system lies at the crossroads between key processes of bacterial life, including cell shape, growth, division, and antibiotic resistance.
Host-Primed Ebola Virus GP Exposes a Hydrophobic NPC1 Receptor-Binding Pocket, Revealing a Target for Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies
Authors: Bornholdt Zachary A. , Ndungo Esther , Fusco Marnie L. , Bale Shridhar , Flyak Andrew I. , Crowe James E. , Chandran Kartik , Saphire Erica Ollmann 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

The filovirus surface glycoprotein (GP) mediates viral entry into host cells. Following viral internalization into endosomes, GP is cleaved by host cysteine proteases to expose a receptor-binding site (RBS) that is otherwise hidden from immune surveillance. Here, we present the crystal structure of proteolytically cleaved Ebola virus GP to a resolution of 3.3 Å. We use this structure in conjunction with functional analysis of a large panel of pseudotyped viruses bearing mutant GP proteins to map the Ebola virus GP endosomal RBS at molecular resolution. Our studies indicate that binding of GP to its endosomal receptor Niemann-Pick C1 occurs in two distinct stages: the initial electrostatic interactions are followed by specific interactions with a hydrophobic trough that is exposed on the endosomally cleaved GP
1
subunit. Finally, we demonstrate that monoclonal antibodies targeting the filovirus RBS neutralize all known filovirus GPs, making this conserved pocket a promising target for the development of panfilovirus therapeutics.

IMPORTANCE
Ebola virus uses its glycoprotein (GP) to enter new host cells. During entry, GP must be cleaved by human enzymes in order for receptor binding to occur. Here, we provide the crystal structure of the cleaved form of Ebola virus GP. We demonstrate that cleavage exposes a site at the top of GP and that this site binds the critical domain C of the receptor, termed Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1). We perform mutagenesis to find parts of the site essential for binding NPC1 and map distinct roles for an upper, charged crest and lower, hydrophobic trough in cleaved GP. We find that this 3-dimensional site is conserved across the filovirus family and that antibody directed against this site is able to bind cleaved GP from every filovirus tested and neutralize viruses bearing those GPs.
Estimated total costs from non-fatal and fatal bicycle crashes in the USA: 1997–2013
Authors: Gaither Thomas W , Sanford Thomas A , Awad Mohannad A , Osterberg E Charles , Murphy Gregory P , Lawrence Bruce A , Miller Ted R , Breyer Benjamin N 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionEmergency department visits and hospital admissions resulting from adult bicycle trauma have increased dramatically. Annual medical costs and work losses of these incidents last were estimated for 2005 and quality-of-life losses for 2000.MethodsWe estimated costs associated with adult bicycle injuries in the USA using 1997–2013 non-fatal incidence data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System with cost estimates from the Consumer Product Safety Commission's Injury Cost Model, and 1999–2013 fatal incidence data from the National Vital Statistics System costed by similar methods.ResultsApproximately 3.8 million non-fatal adult bicycle injuries were reported during the study period and 9839 deaths. In 2010 dollars, estimated adult bicycle injury costs totalled $24.4 billion in 2013. Estimated injury costs per mile bicycled fell from $2.85 in 2001 to $2.35 in 2009. From 1999 to 2013, total estimated costs were $209 billion due to non-fatal bicycle injuries and $28 billion due to fatal injuries. Inflation-free annual costs in the study period increased by 137% for non-fatal injuries and 23% for fatal injuries. The share of non-fatal costs associated with injuries to riders age 45 and older increased by 1.6% (95% CI 1.4% to 1.9%) annually. The proportion of costs due to incidents that occurred on a street or highway steadily increased by 0.8% (95% CI 0.4% to 1.3%) annually.ConclusionsInflation-free costs per case associated with non-fatal bicycle injuries are increasing. The growth in costs is especially associated with rising ridership, riders 45 and older, and street/highway crashes.
The Role of CtBP1 in Oncogenic Processes and Its Potential as a Therapeutic Target
Authors: Blevins Melanie A. , Huang Mingxia , Zhao Rui 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTranscriptional corepressor proteins have emerged as an important facet of cancer etiology. These corepressor proteins are often altered by loss- or gain-of-function mutations, leading to transcriptional imbalance. Thus, research directed at expanding our current understanding of transcriptional corepressors could impact the future development of new cancer diagnostics, prognostics, and therapies. In this review, our current understanding of the CtBP corepressors, and their role in both development and disease, is discussed in detail. Importantly, the role of CtBP1 overexpression in adult tissues in promoting the progression of multiple cancer types through their ability to modulate the transcription of developmental genes ectopically is explored. CtBP1 overexpression is known to be protumorigenic and affects the regulation of gene networks associated with “cancer hallmarks” and malignant behavior, including increased cell survival, proliferation, migration, invasion, and the epithelial–mesenchymal transition. As a transcriptional regulator of broad developmental processes capable of promoting malignant growth in adult tissues, therapeutically targeting the CtBP1 corepressor has the potential to be an effective method for the treatment of diverse tumor types. Although efforts to develop CtBP1 inhibitors are still in the early stages, the current progress and the future perspectives of therapeutically targeting this transcriptional corepressor are also discussed. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(6); 981–90. ©2017 AACR.
Colony-Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor Blockade Inhibits Tumor Growth by Altering the Polarization of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Ao Jian-Yang , Zhu Xiao-Dong , Chai Zong-Tao , Cai Hao , Zhang Yuan-Yuan , Zhang Ke-Zhi , Kong Ling-Qun , Zhang Ning , Ye Bo-Gen , Ma De-Ning , Sun Hui-Chuan 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) and its receptor, CSF-1R, regulate the differentiation and function of macrophages and play an important role in macrophage infiltration in the context of hepatocellular carcinoma. The therapeutic effects of CSF-1R blockade in hepatocellular carcinoma remain unclear. In this study, we found that CSF-1R blockade by PLX3397, a competitive inhibitor with high specificity for CSF-1R tyrosine kinase, significantly delayed tumor growth in mouse models. PLX3397 inhibited the proliferation of macrophages in vitro, but intratumoral macrophage infiltration was not decreased by PLX3397 in vivo. Gene expression profiling of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) showed that TAMs from the PLX3397-treated tumors were polarized toward an M1-like phenotype compared with those from vehicle-treated tumors. In addition, PLX3397 treatment increased CD8+ T-cell infiltration, whereas CD4+ T-cell infiltration was decreased. Further study revealed that tumor cell–derived CSF-2 protected TAMs from being depleted by PLX3397. In conclusion, CSF-1R blockade delayed tumor growth by shifting the polarization rather than the depletion of TAMs. CSF-1R blockade warrants further investigation in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(8); 1544–54. ©2017 AACR.
FLT3 Inhibitors in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Current Status and Future Directions
Authors: Larrosa-Garcia Maria , Baer Maria R. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), involved in regulating survival, proliferation, and differentiation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, is expressed on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells in most patients. Mutations of FLT3 resulting in constitutive signaling are common in AML, including internal tandem duplication (ITD) in the juxtamembrane domain in 25% of patients and point mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain in 5%. Patients with AML with FLT3-ITD have a high relapse rate and short relapse-free and overall survival after chemotherapy and after transplant. A number of inhibitors of FLT3 signaling have been identified and are in clinical trials, both alone and with chemotherapy, with the goal of improving clinical outcomes in patients with AML with FLT3 mutations. While inhibitor monotherapy produces clinical responses, they are usually incomplete and transient, and resistance develops rapidly. Diverse combination therapies have been suggested to potentiate the efficacy of FLT3 inhibitors and to prevent development of resistance or overcome resistance. Combinations with epigenetic therapies, proteasome inhibitors, downstream kinase inhibitors, phosphatase activators, and other drugs that alter signaling are being explored. This review summarizes the current status of translational and clinical research on FLT3 inhibitors in AML, and discusses novel combination approaches. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(6); 991–1001. ©2017 AACR.
Preclinical Efficacy and Molecular Mechanism of Targeting CDK7-Dependent Transcriptional Addiction in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Zhang Zhenfeng , Peng Huixin , Wang Xiaojie , Yin Xia , Ma Pengfei , Jing Ying , Cai Mei-Chun , Liu Jin , Zhang Meiying , Zhang Shengzhe , Shi Kaixuan , Gao Wei-Qiang , Di Wen , Zhuang Guanglei 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains a significant cause of gynecologic cancer mortality, and novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed in clinic as new treatment options. We previously showed that BET bromodomain inhibitors displayed promising efficacy for the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer by downregulating pivot transcription factors. However, the potential antitumor activities and molecular mechanisms of other epigenetic or transcriptional therapies have not been systematically determined. Here, by performing an unbiased high-throughput drug screen to identify candidate compounds with antineoplastic effects, we identified THZ1, a recently developed covalent CDK7 inhibitor, as a new transcription-targeting compound that exerted broad cytotoxicity against ovarian tumors. Mechanistically, CDK7 represented a previously unappreciated actionable vulnerability in ovarian cancer, and CDK7 inhibition led to a pronounced dysregulation of gene transcription, with a preferential repression of E2F-regulated genes and transcripts associated with super-enhancers. Our findings revealed the molecular underpinnings of THZ1 potency and established pharmaceutically targeting transcriptional addiction as a promising therapeutic strategy in aggressive ovarian cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(9); 1739–50. ©2017 AACR.