bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards global management on flight and migration? A comparison of refugee politics in Europe and Asia
Authors: Biedermann Reinhard 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and leading Western and East Asian politicians demand coherent global management of migration and flight. This article wants to explore whether global management on refugees is feasible. It attempts to make these very different regions and regional mechanisms comparable aiming to contribute to a better intraregional understanding to raise common awareness. It compares the data on refugees and migration of the recent years to or within both regions, looking for interconnections. Then, it compares the structure, namely the legal framework in Europe and in Asia. This analysis will be followed by an agency analysis, under consideration of identity politics and discourse. The politicization of identity politics in both regions frames, and is framed by, decision makers towards global management options.This paper concludes that global management of flight and migration has become more probable in recent years since the awareness has risen in both regions about this issue. The legal foundations in many Asian states are strengthened and orientate towards the UN refugee conventions, while the restrictive rich East Asian economies have begun to realise their responsibilities.
Human papillomavirus vaccination: the population impact
Authors: Lee Lai-yang , Garland Suzanne M. 
Published: June 2017

We currently have the knowledge and experience to prevent much of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related disease burden globally. In many countries where prophylactic HPV vaccination programs have been adopted as highly effective public health programs with good vaccine coverage, we are already seeing, in real-world settings, reduction of vaccine-related HPV-type infections, genital warts and cervical pre-cancers with potential reductions in vulvar, vaginal and anal pre-cancers. Moreover, we are seeing a change in cervical screening paradigms, as HPV-based screening programs now have strong evidence to support their use as more sensitive ways to detect underlying cervical abnormalities, as compared with conventional cervical cytology. This article describes the impact of prophylactic vaccination on these outcomes and in settings where these vaccines have been implemented in national immunisation programs. Given the successes seen to date and the availability of essential tools, there has been a global push to ensure that every woman has access to effective cervical screening and every girl has the opportunity for primary prevention through vaccination. A gender-neutral approach by offering vaccination to young boys has also been adopted by some countries and is worthy of consideration given that HPV-related cancers also affect males. Furthermore, vaccination of young boys has the advantage of reducing the risk of HPV transmission to sexual partners, lowering the infectious pool of HPV in the general population and ultimately HPV-related diseases for both genders. Therefore, it is appropriate that all countries consider and promote national guidelines and programs to prevent HPV-related diseases.
Clues to finding correlates of risk/protection for HIV-1 vaccines
Authors: Laderoute Marian P. 
Published: June 2017

Almost a decade later, we still do not understand why in the STEP trial (2008), males with pre-existing antibodies to the Ad5 vector were associated with initial increased risk of HIV-1 acquisition. Similarly, we have little conclusive evidence of why in the RV144 trial (2009), vaccination with the ALVAC-HIV/AIDSVAX B/E was associated initially with almost a 60% vaccine efficacy at year one, which waned over 42 months to 31.2%, and where females were more protected than males. Based on the literature and trial outcomes, it was deduced that the elusive correlate of risk/protection may pertain to a novel, potent, innate protector mechanism launched by alternatively activated macrophages, which is probably induced by viruses and female steroid hormones. It was also suggested this mechanism was not likely amenable to discovery using standard or traditional approaches. A plausible, candidate mechanism was identified with these characteristics, namely the production of human endogenous retrovirus–K102 (HERV-K102) particles, which occurs in, and generates, foamy macrophages in vitro. Accumulating clinical, biological and phylogenetic evidence supports its role in the antagonism of HIV-1 replication and/or in the prevention of HIV-1 acquisition. Thus, it will be important to examine HERV-K102 particle production, increased integration and envelop antibody production as candidate correlates of protection in HIV-1 vaccine trials, as well as in HIV-1 highly exposed seronegative cohorts and elite controllers. The results of such efforts may have important ramifications for the HIV-1 cure in addition to vaccines.
Preliminary assessment of soil contamination by trace metals in peri-urban municipal landfills in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Oyegbile Benjamin , Oyegbile Brian 
Published: June 2017

Background: Soil contamination by trace metals as a result of improper waste management and disposal in Ibadan, Nigeria has been evaluated in this study. Several studies have shown the link between trace metal soil contamination and improper solid waste disposal. Methods: Soil samples were taken from two major landfills in Ibadan, in the south-west of Nigeria, and subjected to laboratory analysis using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) as part of a wider study to evaluate the waste management practices in the city. Results: The results of this investigation, without taking into account the background values of the trace metals at both landfill sites, showed that the quantified levels of lead at both sites exceeded threshold levels. The quantified values of zinc and copper metals exceeded the threshold levels specified in the Finnish government decree on the assessment of soil contamination and remediation needs, at 1098 mg/kg and 233.20 mg/kg in the Aba-Eku landfill site, and 1205 mg/kg and 476.55 mg/kg in the Lapite landfill site, respectively. This calls for a comprehensive risk assessment. Conclusions: It is hoped that the results of this study will serve as a basis for a wider risk assessment of all landfill sites within the city.
Prospective Cohort Study of Hospitalized Adults With Advanced Cancer: Associations Between Complications, Comorbidity, and Utilization
Authors: May Peter , Garrido Melissa M. , Aldridge Melissa D. , Cassel J. Brian , Kelley Amy S. , Meier Diane E. , Normand Charles , Penrod Joan D. , Smith Thomas J. , Morrison R. Sean 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUNDInpatient hospital stays account for more than a third of direct medical cancer care costs. Evidence on factors driving these costs can inform planning of services, as well as consideration of equity in access.OBJECTIVETo measure the association between hospital costs, and demographic, clinical, and system factors, for a cohort of adults with advanced cancer.DESIGNProspective multisite cohort study.SETTINGFour medical and cancer centers.PATIENTSAdults with advanced cancer admitted to a participating hospital between 2007 and 2011, excluding those with dementia. Final analytic sample included 1020 patients.METHODSWith receipt of palliative care controlled for, the associations between hospital cost and patient factors were estimated. Factors covered the domains of demographics (age, sex, race), socioeconomics and systems (education, insurance, living will, proxy), clinical care (diagnoses, complications deemed to pose a threat to life or bodily functions, comorbidities, symptom burden, activities of daily living), and prior healthcare utilization (home help, analgesic prescribing).OUTCOME MEASUREDirect hospital costs.RESULTSA major (markedly abnormal) complication (+$8267; P < 0.01), a minor but not a major complication (+$5289; P < 0.01), and number of comorbidities (+$852; P < 0.01) were associated with higher cost, and admitting diagnosis of electrolyte disorders (–$4759; P = 0.01) and increased age (–$53; P = 0.03) were associated with lower cost.CONCLUSIONSComplications and comorbidity burden drive inhospital utilization for adults with advanced cancer. There is little evidence of sociodemographic associations and no apparent impact of advance directives. Attempts to control growth of hospital cancer costs require consideration of how the most resource‐intensive patients are identified promptly and prioritized for cost‐effective care.
How Can We Develop Contextualized Theories of Effective Use? A Demonstration in the Context of Community-Care Electronic Health Records
Authors: Burton-Jones Andrew , Volkoff Olga 
Published: June 2017

We contribute to the shifting discourse in the literature on information system use, towards context-specific (rather than general) theories and effective use (rather than just use). Organizations are under great pressure to use information systems effectively but they have few theories to turn to for insights. Motivated by this need, we propose an approach for developing context-specific theories of effective use. The approach suggests that effective use can be theorized by: (1) understanding how a network of affordances supports the achievement of organizational goals, (2) understanding how the affordances are actualized, and (3) using inductive theorizing to elaborate these principles in a given context. We demonstrate the approach in the context of a Canadian health authority’s use of a community-care electronic healthcare record (EHR). We discovered that effective use in this context can be viewed at a high level as the accuracy and consistency with which users work with the EHR, and how they engage in reflection-in-action across a network of nine affordances. The key, however, is understanding how those elements interact with the multiple levels of data needed to achieve the organization’s various goals. Overall, we contribute by offering an approach for developing context-specific theories of effective use, demonstrating its usefulness in an important context, and discovering the importance of understanding in a new way the multilevel nature of information systems. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2017.0702 .
RESULTADOS PRELIMINARES EN TAMBOS DEL NORESTE DE LA PROVINCIA DE SANTA FE (ARGENTINA): CALIDAD DE AGUA Y CONTAMINACIÓN
Authors: BADINO O. , THOMAS J. A. , SCHMIDT E. , RAMOS E. , WEIDMANN R. , JAUREGUI J. 
Published: June 2017

El noreste de la provincia de Santa Fe, es un área extracuenca con buen potencial para producir leche.Se evaluó la calidad físico-química y microbiológica del agua para uso en el tambo, como bebida de animales y consumo humano en 10 tambos de los departamentos Vera, General Obligado, Norte de San Justo y San Javier. La calidad físico-química del agua cumple con los estándares para la producción de leche y bebida humana. Se presentó alta incidencia de contaminación microbiológica. El 60 % de los tambos tienen recuentos de Coliformes Totales superiores al límite. En un 20 % y 40 % de los mismos se aisló Escherichia Coli y Pseudomonas Aeruginosa respectivamente, pudiendo dificultar la obtención de leche de calidad. Esto requiere de acciones correctivas tal como limpieza e higiene de tanques de almacenamiento de agua, tendientes a la eliminación de patógenos. Es importante promover la caracterización sistemática de las fuentes de agua en todas las cuencas lecheras.
CARACTERIZACIÓN CARIOTÍPICA Y ANÁLISIS CITOGENÉTICO DE SETARIA LACHNEA (POACEAE)
Authors: EXNER E. , CAPONIO I. 
Published: June 2017

Setaria lachnea (Ness) Kunth es una gramínea nativa que se destaca por su producción y calidad forrajera, por lo que es objeto de diversos estudios y evaluaciones agronómicas. Con relación al estudio de diferentes poblaciones del Norte Argentino se confi rma el número cromosómico para la especie de 2n=4x=36, con un proceso meiótico normal, observándose un alto grado de apareamiento cromosómico en la meiosis con un promedio de 17,7 bivalentes por CMP; no se observaron diferencias entre las poblaciones. Para esta especie se establece la siguiente fórmula cariotípica: 14 m+4sm.
TIPIFICACIÓN DE LOS SISTEMAS DE PRODUCCIÓN AGRÍCOLA Y LA PERCEPCIÓN DE LA VARIABILIDAD CLIMÁTICA EN ANZOÁTEGUI, VENEZUELA
Authors: OLIVARES B. O. , ZINGARETTI M. L. , DEMEY ZAMBRANO J. A. , DEMEY J. R. 
Published: June 2017

En el trópico, los agricultores son considerados como netos observadores de la naturaleza, conocen muy bien los cambios asociados a la variabilidad climática y aunque la modernidad ha ido modifi cando sus prácticas, ellas siguen íntimamente ligadas a estos ciclos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue tipificar los sistemas de producción agrícola y describir la percepción de la variabilidad climática en territorios rurales de Anzoátegui, Venezuela. Se aplicó el análisis de componentes principales no lineal, análisis de conglomerados y evaluación de tablas de contingencias, mediante 100 encuestas realizadas al azar a productores agrícolas. El estudio mostró la tipifi cación de tres grupos de productores, donde las principales variables discriminadoras son las pertenecientes al componte socio-económico y las variables del componente climático no ejercieron una influencia de peso en la discriminación. Sin embargo, se pudo identificar que todos los agricultoresreconocen el fenómeno de la variabilidad climática y lo perciben como un problema nacional y global que afecta negativamente la actividad económica. Adicionalmente, existe una percepción generalizada sobre la variabilidad climática en los últimos años la cual fue explicada a través de la ocurrencia de fenómenos naturales: sequia meteorológica, excesos de agua y erosión hídrica.
Instruments of Science or Conquest? Neocolonialism and Modern American Astronomy
Authors: Swanner Leandra 
Published: June 2017

This essay is indebted to Mary Jo Nye’s scholarship spanning the history and philosophy of the modern physical sciences, particularly her efforts to situate scientists within their social, political, and cultural contexts. Beginning in the second half of the twentieth century, members of the Hawai‘i astronomy community found themselves grappling with opposition to new telescope projects stemming from the rise of environmental and indigenous rights movements. I argue that the debate over the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) can best be understood as an exemplar of “neocolonialist science.” For indigenous groups who object to science on sacred lands, science has effectively become an agent of colonization. As the TMT controversy illustrates, practicing neocolonialist science—even unknowingly—comes at a high cost for all parties involved. Although scientists are understandably reluctant to equate their professional activities with cultural annihilation, dismissing this unflattering neocolonialist image of modern science has both ethical and practical consequences: Native communities continue to report feeling victimized while scientists’ efforts to expand their research programs suffer social, legal, and economic setbacks.
This essay is part of a special issue entitled THE BONDS OF HISTORY edited by Anita Guerrini.
Metformin for Obesity in Prepubertal and Pubertal Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Pastor-Villaescusa Belén , Cañete M. Dolores , Caballero-Villarraso Javier , Hoyos Raúl , Latorre Miriam , Vázquez-Cobela Rocío , Plaza-Díaz Julio , Maldonado José , Bueno Gloria , Leis Rosaura , Gil Ángel , Cañete Ramón , Aguilera Concepción M. 
Published: June 2017

OBJECTIVES:
Metformin has shown its effectiveness in treating obesity in adults. However, little research has been conducted in children, with a lack of attention on pubertal status. The objectives were to determine whether oral metformin treatment reduces BMI z score, cardiovascular risk, and inflammation biomarkers in children who are obese depending on pubertal stage and sex.

METHODS:
This was a randomized, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial, stratified according to pubertal stage and sex, conducted at 4 Spanish clinical hospitals. Eighty prepubertal and 80 pubertal nondiabetic children who were obese aged 7 to 14 years with a BMI &gt;95th percentiles were recruited. The intervention included 1 g/d of metformin versus placebo for 6 months. The primary outcome was a reduction in BMI z score. Secondary outcomes comprised insulin resistance, cardiovascular risk, and inflammation biomarkers.

RESULTS:
A total of 140 children completed the study (72 boys). Metformin decreased the BMI z score versus placebo in the prepubertal group (−0.8 and −0.6, respectively; difference, 0.2; P = .04). Significant increments were observed in prepubertal children treated with metformin versus placebo recipients in the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (0.010 and −0.007; difference, 0.017; P = .01) and the adiponectin–leptin ratio (0.96 and 0.15; difference, 0.81; P = .01) and declines in interferon-γ (−5.6 and 0; difference, 5.6; P = .02) and total plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (−1.7 and 2.4; difference, 4.1; P = .04). No serious adverse effects were reported.

CONCLUSIONS:
Metformin decreased the BMI z score and improved inflammatory and cardiovascular-related obesity parameters in prepubertal children but not in pubertal children. Hence, the differential response according to puberty might be related to the dose of metformin per kilogram of weight. Further investigations are necessary.
Svetlana Aleksiévitch, a Grande Utopia e o cotidiano: testemunhos e memórias do Homo Sovieticus
Authors: Perlatto Fernando 
Published: June 2017

Ao longo das últimas décadas, a historiografia brasileira tem dedicado cada vez mais atenção ao estudo da vida cotidiana, valorizando dimensões e aspectos que foram negligenciados pelas pesquisas influenciadas por abordagens estruturalistas. As pesquisas sobre os regimes autoritários no Brasil, particularmente, têm se beneficiado diretamente deste processo de renovação historiográfica, buscando analisar de forma mais complexa as relações entre Estado e sociedade civil, dedicando atenção especial aos homens e mulheres “comuns” e àqueles segmentos sociais que não participaram diretamente dos embates políticos. Em diálogo com a historiografia brasileira dedicada a essa agenda de pesquisa, o presente artigo objetiva analisar a obra da escritora bielorrussa Svetlana Aleksiévitch no sentido de refletir sobre o cotidiano de homens e mulheres “comuns” durante os anos da experiência autoritária da União Soviética. A partir da mobilização de milhares de testemunhos, os livros de Aleksiévitch, que formam o que ela chamou de “Enciclopédia Vermelha”, contribuem para uma melhor compreensão da relação entre os “grandes” acontecimentos que tiveram curso na URSS impulsionados pela “Grande Utopia” socialista no século XX e o cotidiano do Homo Sovieticus.
Az aktivált VII. faktor – 31 éves klinikai alkalmazás tanulságai
Authors: Udvardy Miklós 
Published: June 2017

Abstract: The author provides an overview of the use of recombinant activated FVII (rFVIIa, Novoseven), which is used over 30 years, based upon international publications and also on some modest own experience. Standard, approved indications (inhibitory cases, Glanzmann thrombasthenia, prophylaxis experience) are in the focus of this paper, emphasizing the specially rapid and efficacious way of Novoseven therapy, drawing attention to excellent safety issues regarding very low immunogenicity along with low number of thrombogenic complications. A careful, cautious and critical evaluation of Novoseven therapy is also provided in rather special forms of critical bleeding conditions considering international recommendations and institutional registry data. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(24): 923–928.
Az ösztrogénmetabolom biológiai és klinikai jelentősége lokális folyamatokban
Authors: Kovács Krisztián , Vásárhelyi Barna , Mészáros Katalin , Patócs Attila , Karvaly Gellért 
Published: June 2017

Abstract: Considerable knowledge has been gathered on the physiological role of estrogens. However, fairly little information is available on the role of compounds produced in the breakdown process of estrone and estradiol wich may play a role in various diseases associated with estrogen impact. To date, approximately 15 extragonadal estrogen-related compounds have been identified. These metabolites may exert protective, or, instead, pro-inflammatory and/or pro-oncogenic activity in a tissue-specific manner. Systemic and local estrogen metabolite levels are not necesserily correlated, which may promote the diagnostic significance of the locally produced estrogen metabolites in the future. The aim of the present study is a bibliographic review of the extragonadal metabolome in peripheral tissues, and to highlight the role of the peripheral tissue homeostasis of estrogens as well as the non-hormonal biological activity and clinical significance of the estrogen metabolome. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(24): 929–937.
PENILAIAN KESIAPAN MALUKU SEBAGAI LUMBUNG IKAN NASIONAL
Authors: Suryawati Siti Hajar , Tajerin Tajerin 
Published: June 2017

Maluku merupakan propinsi kepulauan dengan potensi sumberdaya perikanan tangkap yang besar. Potensi tersebut meliputi kelompok jenis ikan pelagis besar seperti tuna dan cakalang, pelagis kecil, demersal, udang, cumi-cumi dan ikan karang. Hal tersebut mendorong pemerintah menjadikan wilayah Maluku menjadi lumbung ikan nasional (M-LIN). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis status kesiapan Maluku sebagai lumbung ikan nasional. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS) dala bentuk RAP-MLIN (Rapid Appraisal for Maluku as ‘Lumbung Ikan Nasional’) yang merupakan modifikasi dari software RAPFISH (Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries). Hasil analisisnya dinyatakan dalam bentuk indeks dan kesiapan program tersebut. Analisis leverage dan Monte-Carlo digunakan untuk mengetahui faktor pengungkit yang merupakan atribut-atribut yang sensitif terhadap indeks dan status kesiapan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada dimensi ekologi statusnya cukup siap (50,33%), dimensi ekonomi cukup siap (67,62%), dimensi sosial siap (92,37%), dimensi teknologi siap (99,90%), dimensi infrastruktur cukup siap (70,56%), dan dimensi kelembagaan dan kebijakan siap (86,26%). Dari 47 atribut yang dianalisis, terdapat 18 atribut yang merupakan faktor pengungkit terhadap indeks dan status kesiapan, sehingga perlu dilakukan upaya perbaikan atau intervensi terhadap atribut-atribut tersebut. Dengan melakukan intervensi terhadap 18 faktor tersebut diharapkan dapat meningkatkan status kesiapan Maluku sebagai Lumbung Ikan Nasional ke tingkat yang lebih siap.(Evaluation of Readiness for Maluku as “Lumbung Ikan Nasional”)Maluku is an archipilagic province with large potential for fisheries resources including pelagic groups such as tuna and skipjack tuna, small pelagic, demersal, shrimp, squid and reef fish. This situation encourages the government to establish Maluku as “Lumbung Ikan Nasional (M-LIN)”. This study aimed to analyze the status of readiness of Maluku as “Lumbung Ikan Nasional”. Analytical method was used Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS) which is so called RAP-MLIN (Rapid Appraisal for Maluku as Lumbung Ikan Nasional) which is a modification of the software RAPFISH (Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries). Analysis results expressed in terms of index and status of program readiness. Leverage and Monte Carlo analysis was used to determine attributes that are sensitive to the index and readiness status. Results showed that the ecological dimension was quite ready status (50.33%), the economic dimension was quite ready (67.62%), the social dimension ready (92.37%), the dimensions of the technology is ready (99.90%), the dimensions of the infrastructure was quite ready (70.56%), and the institutional and policy dimensions were ready (86.26%). Of the 47 attributes to be analyzed, there were 18 attributes enter during to factor of the index and the readiness status of the project, so that improvement and precise intervention can be made. With those intervention the implementation of Maluku as ‘Lumbung Ikan Nasional’ can be ensured.