bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study of Venous Return from the Leg during Exercise
Authors: Dickey James W. 
Published: January 2017

Bi-directional ultrasound velocity detector tracings were made of venous blood flow through the popliteal vein in the following situations: (1) walking normally; (2) walking in place; (3) sitting, foot on floor, with rhythmic plantar and dorsi-flexion; (4) sitting, foot on a treadle device requiring 20 degrees of plantar-flexion and 20 degrees of dorsi-flexion to complete a cycle; (5) using the treadle device while in recumbent position, and (6) pushing the foot in plantar flexion against a pedal equipped with a spring resistance. These studies show that active walking, which consists of both plantar flexion and dorsi-flexion, produces cephalad return of venous blood from the foot and leg. When the walking cycle is accompanied by weight bearing, plantar flexion produces a greater blood velocity. However, when there is no weight bearing, dorsi-flexion produces a greater blood velocity than plantar flexion. Therefore, when not bearing weight on the foot, a full range of dorsi-flexion as well as a full range of plantar flexion is essential to utilizing maximum efficiency of the lower extremity muscle pump.
Leg Ulcers and Oedema: A Study Exploring the Prevalence, Aetiology, and Possible Significance of Oedema in Venous Ulcers
Authors: Prasad A. , Ali-Khan A. , Mortimer P. 
Published: January 2017

Oedema is commonly associated with venous leg ulcers, and is thought to discourage wound healing. However, little attention has been paid to the mechanism or significance of oedema in this condition. This study assessed the prevalence of oedema and lymphatic insufficiency and their influence on wound healing amongst 56 patients. Two populations were studied – community and hospital-managed, with an almost equal number of cases in each. The presence of oedema and lymphatic insufficiency was assessed clinically and, the duration of the current ulcer was used as an indicator of healing rate. Oedema was present in 55% of patients, but its prevalence in the community-treated group was much greater than in the hospital-treated group. Lymphatic insufficiency was present in 22% of patients with an equal prevalence in the two groups. The presence of oedema was associated with a longer duration of ulcer whereas the use of diuretics was associated with a shorter duration. This suggests that oedema may be an important factor in discouraging the healing of ulcers. Greater attention should be paid clinically to the prevention of oedema, as its presence suggests inadequate treatment and a failure to heal.
Haemodynamic Correction of Varicose Veins (CHIVA): An Effective Treatment?
Authors: Zamboni P. , Feo C.V. , Marcellino M. G. , Vasquez G. , Mari C. 
Published: January 2017

Objective: Evaluation of the feasibility and utility of haemodynamic correction of primary varicose veins (French acronym: CHIVA). Design: Prospective, single patient group study. Setting: Department of Surgery, University of Ferrara, Italy (teaching hospital). Patients: Fifty-five patients with primary varicose veins and a normal deep venous system (ultrasonographic criteria) were studied. Interventions: Fifty-five haemodynamic corrections by the CHIVA method described by Franceschi were undertaken. Seven patients were treated for short saphenous vein varices (group A) while 48 patients were treated for long saphenous vein varices (group B). Main outcome measures: Clinical: presence of varices and reduction in symptoms. Duplex and continuous-wave Doppler detection of re-entry through the perforators and identification of recurrences or new sites of reflux. Postoperative ambulatory venous pressure and refilling time measurements. Patients were studied for 3 years following surgery. Results: In group A, 57% short saphenous vein occlusions with no re-entry through the gastrocnemius and soleal veins were recorded. In group B the long saphenous vein thrombosis rate was 10%. In this group 15% of the patients showed persistence of reflux instead of re-entry at the perforators. Early recurrences were also observed. Overall CHIVA gave excellent results in 78% of the patients. Statistically significant ambulatory venous pressure and refilling time changes were recorded ( p<0.001). Conclusions: CHIVA treatment is inadvisable for short saphenous vein varices. Long saphenous vein postoperative thrombosis is related to development of recurrences
Ambulatory Phlebectomy in the Elderly: Review of 100 Consecutive Cases
Authors: Olivencia J. A. 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To analyse the results of ambulatory phlebectomy performed in elderly patients. Design: Two-year study of 100 consecutive patients on whom ambulatory phlebectomy was performed in 140 limbs as part of the treatment for varicose veins. Setting: Private practice, specialist vein clinic. Patients: 100 patients over 65 years of age, involving 140 limbs. Results: Ambulatory phlebectomy performed as part of the overall treatment of varicose veins in elderly patients has proven to be a satisfactory procedure when performed in an office setting and under local anaesthesia. Conclusions: Ambulatory phlebectomy is a most satisfactory procedure for the treatment of varicose veins in the elderly. The patients in this study tolerated the procedure extremely well. Complications were minimal and no different from those encountered in younger patients. Results were most gratifying to both the patient and the surgeon.
The impact of cardiac arrest on the long-term wellbeing and caregiver burden of family caregivers: a prospective cohort study
Authors: van Wijnen Helena GFM , Rasquin Sascha MC , van Heugten Caroline M , Verbunt Jeanine A , Moulaert Véronique RM 
Published: January 2017

Objective: The purpose was to gain insight in the functioning of caregivers of cardiac arrest survivors at 12 months after a cardiac arrest. Secondly, the course of the wellbeing of the caregivers during the first year was studied. Finally, factors that are associated with a higher care burden at 12 months after the cardiac arrest were investigated. Subjects: A total of 195 family caregivers of cardiac arrest survivors were included. Main measures: Quality of life (SF-36, EuroQol-VAS), caregiver strain (CSI) and emotional functioning (HADS, IES) were measured at two weeks, three months and one year after the cardiac arrest. Thereby, the caregiver was asked to fill out the cognitive failure questionnaire (CFQ) to evaluate their view on the cognitive status of the patient. Results: Caregiver strain was high in 16 (15%) of the caregivers at 12 months. Anxiety was present in 33 (25%) caregivers and depression in 18 (14%) caregivers at 12 months. The repeated measures MANOVA showed that during the first year the following variables improved significantly: SF-36 domains social and mental health, role physical, role emotional and vitality, caregiver strain, HADS and IES ( P<0.001). At 12 months caregiver strain correlated significantly (explained variance 63%, P=0.03) with caregiver HADS ( P=0.01), EuroQol-VAS ( P=0.02), and the CFQ ( P<0.001), all measured at 12 months after the cardiac arrest. Conclusions: Overall wellbeing of the caregivers improves during the first year up to normal levels, but caregivers with emotional problems or perceived cognitive problems at 12 months are at risk for developing a higher care burden.
Psychotropic drugs and ventricular repolarisation: The effects on QT interval, T-peak to T-end interval and QT dispersion
Authors: Acciavatti Tiziano , Martinotti Giovanni , Corbo Mariangela , Cinosi Eduardo , Lupi Matteo , Ricci Fabrizio , Di Scala Rosa , D’Ugo Emilia , De Francesco Viola , De Caterina Raffaele , di Giannantonio Massimo 
Published: January 2017

Objective: We aimed to investigate in a clinical setting, the effects of different classes of psychotropic drugs on cardiac electrophysiological measures linked with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in a population of 1059 psychiatric inpatients studying the effects of various psychotropic drugs on the T-peak to T-end (TpTe) interval, QT dispersion and QT interval. Results: Methadone use showed a strong association with TpTe prolongation (odds ratio (OR)=12.66 (95% confidence interval (CI), 3.9–41.1), p<0.001), an effect independent from action on QT interval. Mood stabilisers showed significant effects on ventricular repolarisation: lithium was associated with a TpTe prolongation (OR=2.12 (95% CI, 1.12–4), p=0.02), while valproic acid with a TpTe reduction (OR=0.6 (95% CI, 0.37–0.98), p=0.04). Among antipsychotics, clozapine increased TpTe (OR=9.5 (95% CI, 2.24–40.39), p=0.002) and piperazine phenothiazines increased QT dispersion (OR=2.73 (95% CI, 1.06–7.02), p=0.037). Conclusions: Treatment with psychotropic drugs influences TpTe and QT dispersion. These parameters might be considered to better estimate the sudden cardiac death risk related to specific medications. Beyond antipsychotics and antidepressants, mood stabilisers determine significant effects on ventricular repolarisation.
Isoxsuprine in Primary Dysmenorrhoea Its Effectiveness in Premenstrual Tension
Authors: Gallegos-Torres Juan , Flores-Mercado Francisco 
Published: January 2017

The drug combination including isoxsuprine 10 mg, acetaminophen 250 mg and caffeine 30 mg was administered to 80 patients divided into two groups, 40 with premenstrual tension and 40 with clinically diagnosed primary dysmenorrhoea. The study was carried out by the double-blind method and the patients were distributed at random. The results obtained show an excellent or very good response in 95% of cases of premenstrual tension and in 92·5% of cases of dysmenorrhoea. When the overall effectiveness of the compound in both conditions is considered, we find it to be 93·75%. A general discussion of the findings is presented in relation to age, civil status, time of appearance of dysmenorrhoea, nature of pain, accompanying symptoms, previous treatment, other non-drug therapies, results obtained, time within which symptoms were alleviated, total dose of the drug and side-effects. It is concluded that the orally-administered therapeutic combination is effective in both dysmenorrhoea and premenstrual tension.
A Profile for Trimipramine
Authors: Valentine M 
Published: January 2017

A series of sixty-one patients with depressive symptoms were treated with trimipramine in single nightly dosages. Analysis of the data indicated that a favourable outcome was likely to be associated with the following features: absence of gastro-intestinal complaints; absence of hypochondriasis; a level of anxiety not more than the average for psychiatric patients; absence of situational palpitation; possession of a stable work record; and possession of a family history positive for psychiatric disorder. These features are not claimed to be specific to treatment with trimipramine. Age, sex, out-patient/in-patient status and the over-all degree of depression were not found to be relevant. Trimipramine was associated with a favourable outcome in 64% of all cases treated, and in 73% of primarily depressive conditions.
Alkalinisation in the Management of Cystitis
Authors: Spooner J B 
Published: January 2017

A study is described in which 205 women aged 18 to 60 years presenting with symptoms of cystitis and for whom there was no clear clinical evidence of a bacterial infection were treated with a 48-hour course of sodium citrate in the form of Cymalon granules. Significant bacteriuria was present in forty-three (21·3%) of the 202 patients for whom assessment was possible. Continuing or assumed bacteriuria was evident in twenty-one patients after treatment for whom an antibacterial agent was indicated. The average pre-treatment symptom score was higher for those with initial bacteriuria, than those without. In patients with persisting bacteriuria, symptom severity remained unchanged or worsened. In patients with pre-treatment bacteriuria whose symptoms improved, the bacteriuria was cleared. In those patients who were abacteriuric initially, symptoms were relieved in about 80% of cases. It is concluded that a 48-hour course of sodium citrate can provide good symptomatic relief for most women with cystitis for whom there is no definite clinical evidence of a bacterial infection. Failure to respond adequately is very suggestive evidence of persisting bacteriuria for which a course of antibacterial therapy is indicated.
Nasal Mucosal Involvement in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Histopathologic and Immunopathologic Study
Authors: Bruno E. , Russo S. , Nucci R. , Alessandrini M. , Di Girolamo S. 
Published: January 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of nasal mucosal involvement in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). The authors selected patients affected by SLE with a symptomatology based on bad nasal breathing, in absence of anatomical deformities of the nose. Specimens representing eighteen histological sections of nasal mucosa were examined under the light microscope to establish a set of histopathologic and immunopathologic features. A number of significant alterations were identified. The authors indicate the possible physiopathogenetic relationship between nasal mucosal involvement and systemic disease.
Evaluation of Allergenicity of Constituents of Myoga Using the Murine Local Lymph Node Assay
Authors: Wei Q.J. , Wei C.N. , Harada K. , Minamoto K. , Okamoto Y. , Otsuka M. , Ueda A. 
Published: January 2017

Myoga ( Zingiber Myoga Roscoe) is a perennial plant with a pungent smell from its flower buds. It is native to East Asia and has been reported to cause allergic contact dermatitis. The purpose of this study is to assess the allergenicity of myoga related to its major chemical components, α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, limonene oxide and β-phellandrene, which are supposed to be the causative agents of contact dermatitis among myoga cultivators. We performed a toxicity study of the volatile constituents of myoga using the local lymph node assay (LLNA), in which limonene, limonene oxide and β-phellandrene had positive responses and the EC3 was 35.8%, 8.22%, and 0.54%, respectively. EC3 for both α-pinene and β-pinene was over 100%. Both chemicals failed to induce positive responses in the LLNA. While the maximization rating of limonene, limonene oxide and phellandrene were evaluated as moderate, extreme, and extreme respectively, α-pinene and β-pinene were evaluated as weak in the previously reported GPMT. The usage of LLNA was also confirmed by comparing with previously reported GPMT results to detect the allergenicity of myoga constituents. The actual risk of humans developing an allergy to myoga constituents depends on many factors. The concentration of the compounds, the frequency and duration of exposure and the condition of the skin are supposed to be important factors. In conclusion, limonene, limonene oxide and β-phellandrene are constituents of myoga which revealed their allergenicity by the LLNA. The usefulness of the LLNA to detect the allergenicity of myoga constituents was also confirmed when considering the differences between the LLNA in the present study and the previously reported GPMT. The actual risk of humans developing an allergy to myoga constituents depends on many factors. The concentration of the compounds, the frequency and duration of exposure and condition of the skin are all important factors.
Anxiety, Significant Losses, Depression, and Irrational Beliefs in First-Offence Shoplifters
Authors: Lamontagne Yves , Boyer Richard , Hétu Céline ILL , Lacerte-Lamontagne Céline 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To evaluate the relationship among demographic data, anxiety, significant losses, depression, and irrational beliefs reported by first-offence shoplifters. Method: One hundred and six adult shoplifters who were first-time offenders completed a self-administered questionnaire. Results: Men and women were equally likely to be arrested for this offence. The majority of offenders were poor and unemployed. Depression, but not anxiety, was the most common psychiatric disorder associated with shoplifting. Subjects with depression presented the greatest number of irrational beliefs related to shoplifting. Conclusions: The authors suggest 2 categories of shoplifters: those who shoplift through rational choice; and those for whom shoplifting is a response to depression or leads to the fulfilment of some psychological needs. In conclusion, shoplifting does not have a unitary motive, and the clinical implications are that the affective and cognitive aspects of shoplifters' behaviours must be taken into account.
The Predictive Value of Dysgraphia and Constructional Apraxia for Delirium in Psychiatric Inpatients
Authors: Baranowski Susan L , Patten Scott B 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To evaluate the predictive value of dysgraphia and constructional apraxia for delirium among psychiatric inpatients. Method: Data were collected from 2 sources. First, a series of nondelirious psychiatric inpatients that had participated in a previous study was selected to determine the specificity of various indices of dysgraphia and constructional apraxia. Second, a series of 56 psychiatric inpatients with delirium as identified using electronic administrative data and clinical records was selected to evaluate sensitivity. Results: Of the various indices of dysgraphia examined, only a global rating of writing quality and evidence of jagged or angled letter loops were informative clinical signs. The predictive value of constructional apraxia resembled the predictive value of the 2 dysgraphia indices. Conclusions: Dysgraphia and constructional apraxia are useful clinical signs of delirium in the psychiatric inpatient population. Evaluation of these functions can substantially impact diagnostic decisions where diagnostic uncertainty exists. An evaluation of writing and constructional praxis can be easily incorporated into bedside mental status examinations.
Childhood Depressive Symptoms Predict Psychiatric Problems in Young Adults
Authors: Aronen Eeva T , Soininen Mika 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To evaluate the predictive value of childhood depressive symptoms for psychiatric symptoms, adaptive functioning, and self-performance in young adults. Method: The study sample consisted of 111 young adults born during 1975–1976 in the Helsinki region. The young adults were assessed in childhood (10 to 11 years of age) using the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and at the age of 20 to 21 years using Achenbach's Young Adult Self Report (YASR), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Wallston Self-Performance Survey. Results: Self-reported depressive symptoms in childhood predicted psychiatric symptoms (especially aggression), poor adaptive functioning, and low self-esteem in young adulthood. Conclusions: Depressive symptoms in children should be addressed to prevent later psychiatric problems. The CDI may be a measure of nonspecific psychopathology rather than of pure depression—thus, it may be a good screening tool for child populations.
Conduct Disorder: A Biopsychosocial Review
Authors: Bassarath Lindley 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To review published works on the epidemiology, risk factors, protective factors, typologies, and genetic aspects of conduct disorder (CD). Method: Findings from refereed journal articles and current texts in the field are briefly summarized. Results: CD is commonly encountered in clinical practice. Factors strongly predictive of future delinquency include past offenses, antisocial peers, impoverished social ties, early substance use, male sex, and antisocial parents. Factors that moderately predict recidivism include early aggression, low socioeconomic status (SES), psychological variables such as risk taking and impulsivity, poor parent–child relationships, poor academic performance, early medical insult, and neuropsychological variables such as poor verbal IQ. Mildly predictive variables include other family characteristics such as large family size, family stress, discord, broken home, and abusive parenting, particularly neglect. Protective factors include individual factors such as skill competence (in social and other arenas), adult relationships, prosocial and proeducational values, and strong social programs and supports. Conclusions: We know a great deal about psychosocial risk factors for CD. Some research into protective factors and genetic contributions exists but is in its early stages. Future work will increase our knowledge about subtypes, developmental pathways, and CD treatment.
Supportive-Expressive Group Psychotherapy for Persons with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Maunder Robert G , Esplen Mary Jane 
Published: January 2017

Objective: Supportive-expressive (SE) group psychotherapy is designed to be applicable to medically ill populations. In this open trial, SE therapy was adapted for use in treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Method: Thirty subjects with Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) were enrolled in 4 psychotherapy groups. Each group met weekly for 20 weeks to discuss emotional and interpersonal issues associated with illness. Physical and psychological variables were measured at the onset and at the finish of the group sessions. Results: There was no mean group change in quality of life (QL), anxiety, or depression over the course of treatment, although there was a mean group reduction in maladaptive coping. Conclusion: Although the trial was uncontrolled and the sample size small, which limits interpretation, the results are consistent with an ineffective intervention. Because a null result would be consistent with previously reported psychotherapeutic trials in cases of IBD, and because SE therapy has been effective in treating other medically ill populations, we discuss characteristics of IBD that may account for a relative resistance to psychotherapeutic support. Objectif: La thérapie de soutien par l'expression (SE) en groupe peut s'appliquer à des populations souffrant de maladies somatiques. Dans cet essai ouvert, la thérapie de SE a été adaptée au traitement de la maladie intestinale inflammatoire (MII). Méthode: Trente sujets souffrant de la maladie de Crohn (MC) ou de colite ulcéreuse (CU) se sont inscrits dans 4 groupes de psychothérapie. Chaque groupe s'est réuni chaque semaine pendant 20 semaines pour discuter des questions émotionnelles et interpersonnelles liées à la maladie. Les variables physiques et psychologiques ont été mesurées au début et à la fin des séances de groupe. Résultats: Il n'y avait pas de moyenne dans le groupe concernant le changement de qualité de vie (QV), d'anxiété ou de dépression en cours de traitement, mais il y avait une réduction moyenne des mécanismes d'adaptation mésadaptés. Conclusion: Même s'il s'agit d'un essai non contrôlé et d'un petit échantillon, ce qui limite l'interprétation, les résultats sont conformes à une intervention inefficace. Étant donné qu'un résultat nul serait conforme aux essais psychothérapeutiques déjà rapportés dans des cas de MII, et que la thérapie de SE a traité efficacement d'autres populations souffrant de maladies somatiques, nous présentons les caractéristiques de la MII auxquelles on peut attribuer une résistance relative au soutien thérapeutique.