bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Additive‐like amounts of HDPE prevent creep of molten LDPE: Phase‐behavior and thermo‐mechanical properties of a melt‐miscible blend
Authors: Andersson Mattias G. , Hynynen Jonna , Andersson Mats R. , Hagstrand Per‐Ola , Gkourmpis Thomas , Müller Christian 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTLow‐density polyethylene (LDPE) is the preferred type of polyolefin for many medical and electrical applications because of its superior purity and cleanliness. However, the inferior thermo‐mechanical properties as compared to, for example, high‐density polyethylene (HDPE), which arise because of the lower melting temperature of LDPE, constitute a significant drawback. Here, we demonstrate that the addition of minute amounts of HDPE to a LDPE resin considerably improves the mechanical integrity above the melting temperature of LDPE. A combination of dynamic mechanical analysis and creep experiments reveals that the addition of as little as 1 to 2 wt% HDPE leads to complete form stability above the melting temperature of LDPE. The investigated LDPE/HDPE blend is found to be miscible in the melt, which facilitates the formation of a solid‐state microstructure that features a fine distribution of HDPE‐rich lamellae. The absence of creep above the melting temperature of LDPE is rationalized with the presence of tie chains and trapped entanglements that connect the few remaining crystallites. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 146–156
Noninnocence of the ligand atoms in iron‐porphine: Chemical consequences of the delocalized electron spin
Authors: Johansson Adam Johannes 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIt is well recognized that the electronic spin density in transition metal complexes in high‐spin states, tends to delocalize from the metal ion itself to the donor atoms of the ligand. In square planar iron‐porphine [PFe]+ the delocalization occurs even further and spin corresponding to roughly one electron is delocalized over a large part of the ligand. In this article, density functional theory is applied to explore the chemical consequences of the delocalized spin in four‐coordinate iron‐porphine. It is shown that the porphine ligand has a moderate affinity for radicals, and that covalent bonds can form through spin‐pairing of the unpaired delocalized electron on the porphine ligand and the unpaired electron of another radical species. The hydrogen atom is used as a probe to evaluate the radical affinity of the different nitrogen and carbon atoms that constitute the porphine ligand. It is computationally predicted that the porphine ligand of four‐coordinate iron‐porphine is kinetically capable of activating weak CH bonds of, for example, unsaturated organic compounds. Hydrogen atom transfer becomes spontaneous via subsequent homo‐coupling of the organic radical created. Whether or not the radical affinity of the porphine ligand has any mechanistic implications for heme‐containing enzymes is left as an open question.
Improving Patient Safety Through Video Monitoring
Authors: Cournan Michele , Fusco-Gessick Benjamin , Wright Laura 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Purpose:
Falls are a major safety issue in rehabilitation settings. Patients receive mixed messages—try to be as independent as possible, but don’t do anything in your room without calling for assistance. Despite the use of multiple falls interventions at this facility, the fall rate remained high. To impact this rate, the facility implemented a video monitoring system. This system allows for patients at risk for falling to be monitored from a remote location. The monitor technician is able to speak to the patient directly and/or contact staff members to respond to the room, preventing a fall.

Design:
Sequential cohort design.

Method:
Fifteen video monitoring units were installed on high-risk units in a 115-bed inpatient rehabilitation facility. Total falls and falls rates were tracked and reported pre- and postimplementation.

Findings:
Over a 21-month period prior to implementing the video monitoring system, the average hospital-wide rate of falls was 6.34 per 1,000 patient-days (SD = 1.7488). After a year of usage, that average has decreased to 5.099 falls per 1,000 patient-days (SD = 1.524). The reduction in falls was statistically significant. In addition, there have been significant cost savings by reducing sitter usage.

Conclusions:
Video monitoring can improve patient safety by decreasing falls; decreasing sitter usage and cost; and improving patient, family, and staff satisfaction.

Clinical Relevance:
Falls are a significant issue in rehabilitation settings, and current fall prevention strategies fall short of reducing fall rates. Implementation of new video monitoring technology can help reduce fall rates in inpatient rehabilitation settings.
Upgrade of a quantum scheme for authentication and key distribution along with a formal verification based on model checking technique
Authors: Ghilen Aymen , Azizi Mostafa , Bouallegue Ridha 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we review a previous research paper presenting a scheme for quantum key distribution that performs authentication using only quantum means. The authentication mechanism in the protocol runs along with an eavesdropping checking approach. To upgrade security properties, especially against man‐in‐the‐middle attack, we propose a revised and enhanced scheme, so that the probability of detecting eavesdropping is distinctly improved. We use prism tool as a model checker to analyze the security of the quantum system and to emphasize the extent of our contribution. We particularly focus on two security features: (i) the capability of the participants in the protocol to detect any eavesdropping attempt and (ii) any valid knowledge gained on the shared key must be minimized. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A face template protection approach using chaos and GRP permutation
Authors: Nazari Sara , Moin Mohammad‐Shahram , Kanan Hamidreza Rashidy 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn biometric systems, template protection is a vital issue for preventing from identity theft. Fuzzy commitment scheme is a template cryptographic method providing secure templates by binding a uniform random key to a template. Fuzzy commitment scheme suffers from its lacks in privacy, in cancelability, and also in robustness against cross‐matching attacks. To improve both the security and cancelability properties simultaneously, we present a novel template protection approach for face recognition systems based on fuzzy commitment scheme, permutated features, and chaos symmetric key. To permute feature vectors, we produce pseudo random numbers by using nonlinear chaos function to fill the control array of GRP permutation method. Even if the permutated template is compromised, it is possible to substitute it with a new permutated template by changing the initial conditions of chaos map. To evaluate our proposed approach, a series of experiments have been conducted on two well‐known face databases ORL and Yale. We showed that the new feature permutation leads to more secure protected templates against decodability based on cross‐matching attacks. The experimental results also showed that our proposed approach outperforms existing fuzzy commitment methods both in security and privacy aspects without influencing the accuracy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new key agreement protocol based on Chebyshev chaotic maps
Authors: Wang Xingyuan , Wang Siwei , Wang Zhanjie , Zhang Mengcan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractRecently, an enhanced key agreement protocol based on chaotic maps was proposed and it can generate secure session key and resist known key attacks. In this paper, we analyze it and point out some problems existing in this protocol. For example, this protocol cannot ensure perfect forward secrecy and cannot resist stolen‐verifier attack. To overcome these drawbacks, this paper proposes a new key agreement protocol based on enhanced Chebyshev polynomials. We add a new part named the registration center to enhances the security of the protocol and it realizes mutual authentication between the user and the server. The methods of symmetric encryption and asymmetric encryption are both applied into proposed protocal so that the identity information of the users are well protected. By comparing our protocol with other existing protocols, we can conclude that this agreement can effectively complete user authentication and can resist some common attacks, and our protocol perfectly solves the weakness existing in some protocols. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ANU: an ultra lightweight cipher design for security in IoT
Authors: Bansod Gaurav , Patil Abhijit , Sutar Swapnil , Pisharoty Narayan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis paper proposes an ultra lightweight cipher ANU. ANU is a balanced Feistel‐based network. ANU supports 64 bit plaintext and 128/80 bit key length, and it has total 25 rounds. It needs only 1015 gate equivalents for 128 bit key length that is less as compared with all existing lightweight ciphers. Its memory size is minimal, and power consumption is very less. It needs only 22 mW of dynamic power, while PRESENT cipher consumes 39 mW of power. This paper furnishes the complete security analysis of the ANU cipher design. Our security analysis shows that ANU can attain ample security level against linear and differential cryptanalysis, biclique attack, zero‐correlation attack, and algebraic attack. Biclique cryptanalysis provides maximal data complexity of 264. ANU cipher not only needs less gate equivalents but also it consumes very less power and has less memory requirement. ANU cipher is best suited for applications like Internet of Things. The design of ANU cipher will have a positive impact in the field of lightweight cryptography. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CEO political ideologies and pay egalitarianism within top management teams
Authors: Chin M. K. , Semadeni Matthew 
Published: October 2016

Research summary: We examine the influence of CEO and compensation committee liberalism on top management teams (TMT) pay arrangements. Given that politically liberal individuals tend to value egalitarianism, we test whether firms with liberal CEOs tend to (1) reduce pay dispersion among non‐CEO executives; and (2) reduce pay gaps between CEO and non‐CEO executives, and whether compensation committee liberalism moderates these relationships. We find some evidence of a direct effect of CEO liberalism on TMT pay arrangements as well as some interaction between CEO and compensation committee liberalism on the pay arrangements. This study provides a better understanding of the antecedents of TMT pay arrangements and empirical evidence showing the influence of values at the top of organization.Managerial summary: Do the values of the CEO and compensation committee influence the pay of other top managers? Our study provides evidence that political ideology affects top manager pay. We examine whether CEO liberalism produces more egalitarian pay arrangements among top managers, and whether the liberalism of the compensation committee affects that relationship. We find that CEO liberalism reduces differences in the total pay among top managers, but does not influence the difference between CEO total pay and the total pay of top managers. We also find that compensation committee liberalism strengthens the negative influence of CEO liberalism on differences in total pay among top managers. Finally, we find that CEO liberalism reduces the difference between CEO bonus pay and the bonus pay of other top managers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stillbirth and intrauterine fetal death: role of routine histopathological placental findings to determine cause of death
Authors: Man J. , Hutchinson J. C. , Heazell A. E. , Ashworth M. , Jeffrey I. , Sebire N. J. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTObjectivesPlacental abnormalities are a common cause of death in stillbirth, ranking second only to unexplained deaths, though there is wide variation in the proportion attributed to placental disease. In clinical practice, interpretation of the significance of placental findings is difficult, since many placental features in stillbirths overlap with those in live births. Our aim was to examine objectively classified placental findings from a series of > 1000 autopsies following intrauterine death in order to evaluate the role of placental histological examination in determining the cause of death.MethodsAs part of a larger study evaluating several aspects of autopsy findings in intrauterine death, a dedicated database was used to collate antenatal and postmortem examination details for all cases examined between 2005 and 2013 at two tertiary specialist centers in London, UK. Histological findings for placentas were evaluated in relation to the final cause of death.ResultsAmong 1064 intrauterine deaths, 946 (89%) cases had the placenta submitted for examination as part of the autopsy. Of these, 307 (32%) cases had the cause of death assigned to abnormalities of the placenta, cord or membranes. Around one third of stillbirths (≥ 24 weeks) had some isolated placental histological abnormality identified, many of uncertain significance, a significantly greater proportion than in cases of second‐trimester intrauterine fetal demise (P < 0.0001). The cause of death was ascending infection in 176/946 (19%) cases, peaking at 22 weeks' gestation, with significantly more black mothers having ascending infection compared with other ethnicities (P < 0.0001). Maternal vascular malperfusion was the largest category of placental abnormalities in stillbirth, with peak prevalence in the early third trimester. There were 18 (2%) cases with specific histological abnormalities, including chronic histiocytic intervillositis and massive perivillous fibrin deposition.ConclusionsPlacental pathologies represent the largest category of cause of intrauterine death. Placental histological examination is the single most useful component of the autopsy process in this clinical setting. A minority of cases are associated with specific placental pathologies, often with high recurrence rates, that can be diagnosed only on microscopic examination of the placenta. Many deaths remain unexplained, although placental histological lesions may be present which are of uncertain significance. A rigorous, systematic approach to placental pathology research and classification may yield better understanding of the significance of placental findings and reduce the rate of unexplained intrauterine deaths. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Stillbirth and intrauterine fetal death: role of routine histological organ sampling to determine cause of death
Authors: Man J. , Hutchinson J. C. , Ashworth M. , Judge‐Kronis L. , Levine S. , Sebire N. J. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTObjectivesGuidelines for the investigation of intrauterine death and sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) recommend, based on expert opinion, autopsy procedures and tissue sampling strategies for histological analysis. Although stillbirth is much more common than SUDI, there have been no large‐scale studies published which evaluate the usefulness of histological evaluation of specific organs in stillbirth for determining cause of death. Our aim was to evaluate the use of macroscopic and microscopic assessment of internal organs to determine cause of intrauterine death.MethodsAs part of a larger study evaluating several aspects of autopsy findings in intrauterine death, a dedicated database was used to collate antenatal and postmortem examination details for cases of intrauterine death examined between 2005 and 2013 at two tertiary specialist centers in London, UK. Histological findings for all organs were examined in relation to the final cause of death, as determined by objective criteria.ResultsAmong 1064 intrauterine deaths, the majority (> 80%) of cases had internal organs that were normal on both macroscopic and microscopic examination. There was no case in which histological cardiac examination provided the cause of death when the macroscopic appearance of the heart was normal. Microscopic examination of lung tissue revealed 13 (1%) cases with histological abnormalities that provided the cause of death when the macroscopic appearance was normal, but there was only one (0.1%) case in which the diagnosis would not have been apparent on placental examination: a case of congenital cytomegalovirus infection. There was no case in which microscopic examination of macroscopically normal liver, kidneys, adrenals, spleen, thymus, intestines, pancreas, brain or thyroid provided the cause of death.ConclusionIn this large series of autopsies in cases of intrauterine death, only around 1% of cases demonstrated histological abnormalities which provided the cause of death when the internal organs appeared normal macroscopically. There was no case in which routine histological examination of most tissues provided diagnostically useful information that was not apparent from other examinations, such as placental pathology. There is little benefit, purely in terms of determining cause of death, in obtaining tissue from most macroscopically normal organs for routine histological examination. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Trends and Hospital Variations in Surgical Outcomes for Cholangiocarcinoma in New York State
Authors: Liu Han , Cen Xi , Suo Tao , Cai Xueya , Yuan Xuewen , Shen Sheng , Liu Houbao , Li Yue 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundThis population‐based study examined surgical outcomes and hospital and post‐acute care resource use after operations of cholangiocarcinoma during 2005–2012.
Study designUsing New York State hospital claims, we identified subjects with intrahepatic tumor who underwent hepatectomy only (n = 2089), subjects with perihilar tumor who underwent hepatectomy and biliary‐enteric anastomosis (BEA; n = 389) or BEA only (n = 3721), and subjects with distal cholangiocarcinoma undergoing pancreatectomy or pancreaticoduodenectomy (n = 228). We performed trend analyses for each group and calculated overall risk‐adjusted mortality, complication, and 30‐day readmission rates for hospitals using multivariable logistic regressions.ResultsMortality rate was roughly 12 % over years for perihilar cases undergoing hepatectomy and BEA, significantly higher than the rates of other 3 groups (p = 0.000). The overall complication rate was 40 % for subjects undergoing both hepatectomy and BEA, more than doubling the rate for subjects undergoing hepatectomy or BEA alone (p = 0.000). Average LOS declined markedly for perihilar cases undergoing hepatectomy and BEA (from 21 days in 2005 to 16 days in 2012) and subjects with distal cholangiocarcinoma (from 22 days in 2005 to 16 days in 2012), but other outcomes did not change dramatically. Risk‐adjusted hospital outcome rates varied substantially.
ConclusionsSurgical patients with cholangiocarcinoma incur considerable mortality, postoperative complications, and resource uses, especially among those undergoing hepatectomy and BEA for perihilar tumors.
Service Block Time Allocation in the US Army Medical Command
Authors: Welder Matthew D. , Warhurst Keith A. , Anderson Wesley J.L. , Salazar Frank D. , Kertes Steven S. , Baxter Andrew C. , Stoddard Douglas R. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractService block time allocation is a critical requirement for the optimization of patient throughput and access to care in the Surgical Services Service Line of the US Army Medical Command. The procedure complexity, volume, and diversity across 25 facilities create significant variation in service block time. This variation requires the involvement of both the informatics and leadership teams for block time allocation to be effective. This article describes our use of the Army's Surgery Scheduling System, which includes service block time as an embedded function, to develop a standardized process that helps ensure service block time is optimized. We also present guidelines for block time allocation and offer case studies that demonstrate the application of these guidelines.
Physician as a Conscious Leader
Authors: Nabili Vishad 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSurgical practice requires the mastery of modern leadership principles and skills in addition to the acquisition of medical knowledge and technical skills. Previously, there was no formal leadership training in graduate medical education at the David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, and resident physicians identified a lack of leadership skills training as an area of weakness. Leadership education for surgeons can improve the perioperative atmosphere and positively affect interpersonal collaboration with perioperative nurse colleagues. Physicians are leaders in daily patient care, and they need leadership training with an emphasis on consciousness to be successful leaders. This article reviews a leadership program that I instituted at the David Geffen School of Medicine, which teaches leadership skills and techniques that emphasize consciousness as a physician leader. This patient‐based leadership program demonstrates the tools, methods, and techniques that physicians need to be successful as conscious leaders.
Pulling Harder than the Hamate Tolerates: Evaluation of Hamate Injuries in Rock Climbing and Bouldering
Authors: Lutter Christoph , Schweizer Andreas , Hochholzer Thomas , Bayer Thomas , Schöffl Volker 
Published: October 2016

Objective Hamate hook fractures are rare injuries, comprising 2% to 4% of all carpal fractures. Climbing athletes seem to be affected more frequently than others, as they strain the passive and active anatomical structures of their hands and fingers to maximum capacity during training or competing. This stress is transmitted to the hook of the hamate by tightened flexor tendons, which creates high contact pressure to the ulnar margin of the carpal tunnel. Injuries of the hamate hook, caused by contact pressure of the anatomical structures, are rare and occur nearly exclusively during climbing. Methods We diagnosed 12 athletes with hamate hook fractures who presented with diffuse pain in the wrist joint, which occurred either during or after climbing. Radiographs or computed tomography revealed fractures in the hamate bones in most of the patients; therapy consisted of consequent stress reduction. Results Follow-up investigations found that all athletes were free of symptoms after 10.7 ± 5.1 (6–24) (mean ± standard deviation with range) weeks. Resection of the hamate hook was necessary in 3 patients. All patients regained their preinjury climbing level. Conclusion Climbers with an unspecific, diffuse pain in the wrist need to be examined by radiograph and, if radiograph is unclear, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging to detect or exclude the diagnosis of hamate fracture in order to avoid severe complications.