bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progressive cell‐mediated changes in articular cartilage and bone in mice are initiated by a single session of controlled cyclic compressive loading
Authors: Ko Frank C. , Dragomir Cecilia L. , Plumb Darren A. , Hsia Allison W. , Adebayo Olufunmilayo O. , Goldring Steven R. , Wright Timothy M. , Goldring Mary B. , van der Meulen Marjolein C.H. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTWe previously showed that repetitive cyclic loading of the mouse knee joint causes changes that recapitulate the features of osteoarthritis (OA) in humans. By applying a single loading session, we characterized the temporal progression of the structural and compositional changes in subchondral bone and articular cartilage. We applied loading during a single 5‐minute session to the left tibia of adult (26‐week‐old) C57Bl/6 male mice at a peak load of 9.0N for 1,200 cycles. Knee joints were collected at times 0, 1, and 2 weeks after loading. The changes in articular cartilage and subchondral bone were analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry (caspase‐3 and cathepsin K), and microcomputed tomography. At time 0, no change was evident in chondrocyte viability or cartilage or subchondral bone integrity. However, cartilage pathology demonstrated by localized thinning and proteoglycan loss occurred at 1 and 2 weeks after the single session of loading. Transient cancellous bone loss was evident at 1 week, associated with increased osteoclast number. Bone loss was reversed to control levels at 2 weeks. We observed formation of fibrous and cartilaginous tissues at the joint margins at 1 and 2 weeks. Our findings demonstrate that a single session of noninvasive loading leads to the development of OA—like morphological and cellular alterations in articular cartilage and subchondral bone. The loss in subchondral trabecular bone mass and thickness returns to control levels at 2 weeks, whereas the cartilage thinning and proteoglycan loss persist. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1941–1949, 2016.
Solution Behavior of Amphiphilic Glycodendrimers with a Rod‐Like Core
Authors: Ordanini Stefania , Zanchetta Giuliano , Porkolab Vanessa , Ebel Christine , Fieschi Franck , Guzzetti Ileana , Potenza Donatella , Palmioli Alessandro , Podlipnik Črtomir , Meroni Daniela , Bernardi Anna 
Published: February 2016

Glycodendrimers based on aromatic cores have an amphiphilic character and have been reported to generate supramolecuar assemblies in water. A new group of glycodendrimers with an aromatic rod‐like core were recently described as potent antagonists of DC‐SIGN‐mediated viral infections. A full characterization of the aggregation properties of these materials is presented here. The results show that these compounds exist mostly as monomers in water solution, in dynamic equilibrium with small aggregates (dimers or trimers). Larger aggregates observed by dynamic light scattering and transmission Electron Microscopy for some of the dendrimers are found to be portions of materials not fully solubilized and can be removed either by optimizing the dissolution protocol or by centrifugation of the samples.
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Dietary compound α‐asarone alleviates ER stress‐mediated apoptosis in 7β‐hydroxycholesterol‐challenged macrophages
Authors: Park Sin‐Hye , Kang Min‐Kyung , Choi Yean‐Jung , Kim Yun‐Ho , Antika Lucia Dwi , Lim Soon Sung , Kang Young‐Hee 
Published: February 2016

ScopeProlonged endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has lost the function of protein folding capacity and the ER accumulation of unfolded proteins that eventually triggers apoptosis. Oxysterols are emerging as contributing factors in atherogenesis known to involve macrophage apoptosis. This study determined the inhibitory effect of α‐asarone present in purple perilla, on 7β‐hydroxycholesterol‐induced macrophage apoptosis, targeting against ER stress signaling pathway.Methods and resultsJ774A1 murine macrophages were exposed to 28 μM 7β‐hydroxycholesterol and treated with 1–10 μM α‐asarone. Macrophage apoptosis and ER stress were examined by and α‐Asarone blocked 7β‐hydroxycholesterol‐induced DNA fragmentation and apoptosome formation. Immunoblotting showed that the oxysterol activated the ER transmembrane resident kinases of IRE1α, PERK and ATF4 and triggered caspase‐12 signaling cascades, which was reversed by α‐asarone. Additionally, 7β‐hydroxycholesterol activated TRAF2‐ASK1‐JNK1/2 complex following the IRE1α activation, and α‐asarone blunted such IRE1α‐mediated pathway. Real‐time PCR and dual‐luciferase reporter analyses revealed that α‐asarone reduced transcriptional activation of ER stress‐responsive genes including XBP1 and CHOP by 7β‐hydroxycholesterol. Finally, α‐asarone disturbed oxysterol‐elicited signaling of PERK and ATF4 responsible for CHOP induction.Conclusionα‐Asarone blocked 7β‐hydroxycholesterol‐induced macrophage apoptosis through allaying ER stress‐specific signaling involving caspase activation and CHOP induction. α‐Asarone was an anti‐atherosclerotic agent antagonizing ER stress‐mediated macrophage apoptosis by 7β‐hydroxycholesterol.
Follicle cell trypsin‐like protease HrOvochymase: Its cDNA cloning, localization, and involvement in the late stage of oogenesis in the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi
Authors: Mino Masako , Sawada Hitoshi 
Published: February 2016

SUMMARYWe previously reported that the sperm trypsin‐like protease HrAcrosin and its precursor HrProacrosin participate in fertilization of the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi. The HrProacrosin gene is annotated in the H. roretzi genome database as Harore.CG.MTP2014.S89.g15383; our previously reported sequence of HrProacrosin gene appeared to include four nucleotides inserted near the 3′‐end of HrProacrosin, resulting in a frame‐shift mutation and a premature termination codon. The gene architecture of HrProacrosin and Harore.CG.MTP2014.S89.g15383 resembles that of Xenopus laevis ovochymase‐1/OVCH1 and ovochymase‐2/OVCH2, which encode egg extracellular polyproteases. Considering these new observations, we evaluated the cDNA cloning, expression, localization, and function of Harore.CG.MTP2014.S89.g15383, herein designated as HrOvochymase/HrOVCH. We found that HrOVCH cDNA consists of a single open reading frame of 1,575 amino acids, containing a signal peptide, three trypsin‐like protease domains, and six CUB domains. HrOVCH was transcribed by the testis and ovary, but the majority of protein exists in ovarian follicle cells surrounding eggs. An anti‐HrOVCH antibody inhibited elevation of the vitelline coat at a late stage of oogenesis, during the period when self‐sterility is acquired. As trypsin inhibitors are reported to block the acquisition of self‐sterility during oogenesis, whereas trypsin induces the acquisition of self‐sterility and elevation of the vitelline coat in defolliculated ovarian eggs, we propose that HrOVCH may play a role in the acquisition of self‐sterility by late‐stage H. roretzi oocytes. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 347–358, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
3D multimodal spatial fuzzy segmentation of intramuscular connective and adipose tissue from ultrashort TE MR images of calf muscle
Authors: Ugarte Vincent , Sinha Usha , Malis Vadim , Csapo Robert , Sinha Shantanu 
Published: February 2016

PurposeTo develop and evaluate an automated algorithm to segment intramuscular adipose (IMAT) and connective (IMCT) tissue from musculoskeletal MRI images acquired with a dual echo Ultrashort TE (UTE) sequence.Theory and MethodsThe dual echo images and calculated structure tensor images are the inputs to the multichannel fuzzy cluster mean (MCFCM) algorithm. Modifications to the basic multichannel fuzzy cluster mean include an adaptive spatial term and bias shading correction. The algorithm was tested on digital phantoms simulating IMAT/IMCT tissue under varying conditions of image noise and bias and on ten subjects with varying amounts of IMAT/IMCT.ResultsThe MCFCM including the adaptive spatial term and bias shading correction performed better than the original MCFCM and adaptive spatial MCFCM algorithms. IMAT/IMCT was segmented from the unsmoothed simulated phantom data with a mean Dice coefficient of 0.933 ±0.001 when contrast‐to‐noise (CNR) was 140 and bias was varied between 30% and 65%. The algorithm yielded accurate in vivo segmentations of IMAT/IMCT with a mean Dice coefficient of 0.977 ±0.066.ConclusionThe proposed algorithm is completely automated and yielded accurate segmentation of intramuscular adipose and connective tissue in the digital phantom and in human calf data. Magn Reson Med 77:870–883, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Lower urinary tract symptoms and urodynamic findings in children and adults with cerebral palsy: A systematic review
Authors: Samijn Bieke , Van Laecke Erik , Renson Catherine , Hoebeke Piet , Plasschaert Frank , Vande Walle Johan , Van den Broeck Christine 
Published: February 2016

AimsTo systematically review the scientific literature addressing lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and urodynamic findings in adults and children with Cerebral Palsy (CP). Prognostic factors were also investigated.MethodsA systematic research was conducted on the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL. Only full text clinical trials which examined the prevalence of LUTS or urodynamic findings in children or adults with CP were eligible. LUTS and urodynamic findings, defined by the International Children's Continence Society, were extracted from the included studies. Pooled average of extracted data was calculated. Studies were scored on methodological and reporting quality using the Dutch Cochrane Checklist, EBRO guidelines, and the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Statement (STROBE) checklist.ResultsTwenty‐seven studies fulfilled selection criteria. Methodological and reporting quality were moderate to low. An average of 55.5% of subjects with CP experience one or more LUTS. Storage symptoms are more common than voiding symptoms due to the high prevalence of neurogenic detrusor overactivity. Patients with voiding symptoms and pelvic floor overactivity are more prone to progress to upper urinary tract dysfunction in adult life. Urodynamic evaluation can direct management. Negative prognostic factors are the spastic subtype with quadriplegic distribution, moderate to severe functional impairment (GMFCS III or higher) and severe cognitive impairment.ConclusionThe significant prevalence of LUTS, risk for deterioration, and the impact of urinary tract symptoms on quality of life and health status warrants the need for evaluation and treatment in further research.Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:541–549, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A stochastic second‐order and two‐scale thermo‐mechanical model for strength prediction of concrete materials
Authors: Guan Xiaofei , Yu Haitao , Tian Xia 
Published: February 2016

SummaryA stochastic thermo‐mechanical model for strength prediction of concrete is developed, based on the two‐scale asymptotic expressions, which involves both the macroscale and the mesoscale of concrete materials. The mesoscale of concrete is characterized by a periodic layout of unit cells of matrix‐aggregate composite materials, consisting of randomly distributed aggregate grains and cement matrix. The stochastic second‐order and two‐scale computational formulae are proposed in detail, and the maximum normal stress is assumed as the strength criterion for the aggregates, and the cement paste, in view of their brittle characteristics. Numerical results for the strength of concrete obtained from the proposed model are compared with those from known experiments. The comparison shows that the proposed method is validated for strength prediction of concrete. The proposed thermo‐mechanical model is also employed to investigate the influence of different volume fraction of the aggregates on the strength of concrete. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Frequency of self‐weighing and weight loss outcomes within a brief lifestyle intervention targeting emerging adults
Authors: LaRose J. G. , Lanoye A. , Tate D. F. , Wing R. R. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryBackgroundFrequent self‐weighing is associated with better weight loss and maintenance among adults. Emerging adults ages 18–25 rarely enroll in behavioural weight loss trials, and thus, little is known about their willingness to engage in frequent self‐weighing and its association with weight loss in this age group.PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the frequency of self‐weighing among 18–25‐year‐old over the course of a brief lifestyle intervention and to determine the association between frequent self‐weighing and weight loss.MethodsEmerging adults (EA) ages 18–25 [N = 52, 54% racial/ethnic minority, 79% female, BMI = 34.2 (5.4)] enrolled in a 3‐month lifestyle intervention with structure and content modified for EA. Benefits of frequent self‐weighing were presented; participants were encouraged to weigh themselves at least weekly and no more than daily. Assessments occurred at baseline and post‐treatment (3 months).ResultsAt baseline, a majority of participants (63.5%) reported self‐weighing less than once a week. Frequency of self‐weighing increased over treatment (p < 0.001), with 42.9% weighing weekly and 38.2% weighing several times per week or more (i.e. frequent self‐weighing) at 3 months. Frequent self‐weighing was associated with greater weight loss (p = 0.03) and greater likelihood of achieving 5% weight loss (p = 0.01) at post‐treatment.ConclusionsFrequent self‐weighing may be a viable approach to promoting self‐regulation during the high‐risk developmental period of emerging adulthood. Consistent with findings among other adult samples, frequent self‐weighing was associated with greater weight losses.
Parental pre‐pregnancy BMI is a dominant early‐life risk factor influencing BMI of offspring in adulthood.
Authors: Rath S. R. , Marsh J. A. , Newnham J. P. , Zhu K. , Atkinson H. C. , Mountain J. , Oddy W. H. , Hughes I. P. , Harris M. , Leong G. M. , Cotterill A. M. , Sly P. D. , Pennell C. E. , Choong C. S. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryObjectiveWe examined parental and early‐life variables in order to identify risk factors for adulthood overweight and obesity in offspring. We report here on the longitudinal prevalence of overweight and obesity in Australian children born between 1989 and 1991 and followed from birth to age 22.MethodsData were analysed on 1355 participants from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study, with anthropometry collected during pregnancy, at birth, one year and at three yearly intervals thereafter. Multivariate analyses and cross‐sectional logistic regression quantified the timing and contribution of early‐life risk factors for overweight and obesity in young‐adulthood.ResultsAt five years of age 12.6% of children were overweight and 5.2% were obese. By early adulthood, the prevalence of obesity had increased to 12.8%, whilst overweight remained relatively stable at 14.2% (range from early childhood to adulthood 11–16%). Parental pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) was the strongest determinant of adult offspring BMI. Although rapid first year weight gain was associated with increased offspring BMI, the impact of first year weight‐gain diminished over childhood, whilst the impact of parental BMI increased over time.ConclusionsParental pre‐pregnancy BMI and rapid early‐life weight gain predispose offspring to obesity in adulthood.
Initial Evaluation of the Pediatric PROMIS® Health Domains in Children and Adolescents With Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Dampier Carlton , Barry Vaughn , Gross Heather E. , Lui Yang , Thornburg Courtney D. , DeWalt Darren A. , Reeve Bryce B. 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundThe Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) has developed pediatric self‐report scales measuring several unidimensional health attributes (domains) suitable for use in clinical research, but these measures have not yet been validated in sickle cell disease (SCD).ProcedureA convenience sample of SCD children, aged 8–17 years, from two sickle cell programs was recruited at routine clinic visits, including some for hydroxyurea monitoring or monthly transfusions. Children completed PROMIS pediatric items using an online data collection platform, the PROMIS Assessment Center Web site.ResultsA total of 235 participants (mean age 12.5 ± 2.8 years, 49.8% female) participated in the study. Adolescents (ages 12–17 years) reported significantly higher pain interference and depressive symptoms, and worse lower extremity physical functioning domain scores compared to younger children (ages 8–11 years). Female participants reported significantly higher pain interference, fatigue, and depressive symptoms, and worse lower extremity physical functioning domain scores compared with their male counterparts. Participants with hip or joint problems that limited usual activities reported significantly higher pain, fatigue, and depressive symptoms scores, and worse upper/lower extremity physical functioning scores as did participants who had experienced sickle pain in the previous 7 days.ConclusionsPROMIS pediatric measures are feasible in a research setting and identify expected differences in known group comparisons in a sample of SCD children. The large domain score differences between those with or without SCD‐related complications suggest the potential usefulness of these measures in clinical research, but further validation studies are needed, particularly in clinical practice settings.
The establishment of efficient bioconversion, extraction, and isolation processes for the production of phyllodulcin, a potential high intensity sweetener, from sweet hydrangea leaves (Hydrangea macrophyllaThunbergii)
Authors: Jung Chang‐Hwan , Kim Yang , Kim Min‐Soo , Lee Suyong , Yoo Sang‐Ho 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIntroductionHydrangea leaf tea has been traditionally consumed in the far‐east Asian countries and is favoured for its distinct minty‐sweet taste. Phyllodulcin is identified as a key sweet‐tasting compound; it is 400–800 times sweeter than sucrose. However, its extraction has not been well‐documented. In an effort to optimise phyllodulcin production, pretreatment processes to accumulate phyllodulcin as a final metabolite in leaf tissue were studied, and an efficient process was established for the extraction and purification of phyllodulcin.MethodsPhyllodulcin was structurally identified using an LC/MS system. Hydrangea leaves were processed by either hand rolling or mechanical blending, by exposing them at different drying temperatures (25 and 70°C), and even by inducing bioconversion in leaf tissue. The leaf powder was extracted with various solvents (methanol, ethanol, and water) by soaking at 25°C for 12 h, ultrasonication at 35°C for 1 h or accelerated solvent extraction (ASE). Extracts were purified with ion exchange resins and purified using preparative HPLC.ResultsTraditional hand rolling and drying at 70°C significantly increased phyllodulcin accumulation in the leaves. Meanwhile, more phyllodulcin was obtained from the leaves blended mechanically or converted enzymatically compared to traditionally processed ones (P < 0.05). Methanol and ethanol were superior to water as extraction media, and the greatest phyllodulcin yields obtained by ASE, soaking and ultrasonication were 21.28, 21.20 and 19.33 mg/g, respectively, when methanol was used. Highly pure phyllodulcin powder was obtained with a yield of 2.12%.ConclusionsThis promising result would be beneficial to the industrial utilisation of phyllodulcin as a potential high‐intensity sweetener. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Propofol for Treatment of Refractory Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Brotherton Amy L. , Hamilton Eric P. , Kloss H. Grace , Hammond Drayton A. 
Published: February 2016

The authors evaluated all available evidence on the use of propofol as an adjuvant for the treatment of resistant alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) in comparison to other therapies. A comprehensive PubMed search (1966–December 2015) was conducted using the search terms propofol, alcohol withdrawal, and drug therapy. Articles were cross‐referenced for other citations. Clinical studies, case series, and case reports published in the English language assessing the use of propofol in adult patients for treatment of AWS were reviewed for inclusion. Propofol is a sedative‐hypnotic that exerts its actions through agonism of GABAA receptors at a different binding site than benzodiazepines and reduces glutamatergic activity through N‐methyl‐d‐aspartase (NMDA) receptor blockade. Dosages from 5 to 100 μg/kg/minute reduced AWS symptoms with frequent development of hypotension and requirement for mechanical ventilation. Patients on propofol often experienced longer durations of mechanical ventilation and length of stay, which may be attributed to more‐resistant cases of AWS. When propofol was compared with dexmedetomidine as adjuncts in AWS, both agents showed similar benzodiazepine‐ and haloperidol‐sparing effects. Dexmedetomidine was associated with more numerical rates of bradycardia, while propofol was associated with more numerical instances of hypotension. Dexmedetomidine was used more frequently in nonintubated patients. The available data assessing the utility of propofol for AWS exhibited significant heterogeneity. Propofol may be useful in a specific population of patients with AWS, limited to those who are not clinically responding to first‐line therapy with benzodiazepines. Specifically, propofol should be considered in patients who are refractory to or not candidates for other adjuvant therapies, patients already requiring mechanical ventilation, or those with seizure activity or refractory delirium tremens. In severe, refractory AWS, adjuvant therapy with propofol may be considered but requires further research to recommend its use either preferentially or as monotherapy.
Current state and future prospects of research on fear of cancer recurrence
Authors: Lebel Sophie , Ozakinci Gozde , Humphris Gerald , Thewes Belinda , Prins Judith , Dinkel Andreas , Butow Phyllis 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Despite a rapidly growing research interest in fear of cancer recurrence, lack of consensus on definition and measurement including clinical fear of cancer recurrence, sparse model development and testing, and limited available clinical interventions have impeded knowledge transfer into patient services.
To move forward, a 2‐day colloquium was held in Ottawa, Canada in August 2015 to progress knowledge and identify future research directions.
A comprehensive research program was proposed, including development of a clinical definition, an updated review of screening measures, and a review of existing interventions.
A new special interest group was created with the International Psychosocial Oncology Society to facilitate the implementation of this research program and future international collaborations.
Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.