bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Half a century of coastal temperature records reveal complex warming trends in western boundary currents
Authors: Shears Nick T. , Bowen Melissa M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAccelerated warming of western boundary currents due to the strengthening of subtropical gyres has had cascading effects on coastal ecosystems and is widely expected to result in further tropicalization of temperate regions. Predicting how species and ecosystems will respond requires a better understanding of the variability in ocean warming in complex boundary current regions. Using three ≥50 year temperature records we demonstrate high variability in the magnitude and seasonality of warming in the Southwest Pacific boundary current region. The greatest rate of warming was evident off eastern Tasmania (0.20 °C decade−1), followed by southern New Zealand (0.10 °C decade−1), while there was no evidence of annual warming in northeastern New Zealand. This regional variability in coastal warming was also evident in the satellite record and is consistent with expected changes in regional-scale circulation resulting from increased wind stress curl in the South Pacific subtropical gyre. Warming trends over the satellite era (1982–2016) were considerably greater than the longer-term trends, highlighting the importance of long-term temperature records in understanding climate change in coastal regions. Our findings demonstrate the spatial and temporal complexity of warming patterns in boundary current regions and challenge widespread expectations of tropicalization in temperate regions under future climate change.
Neural basis of forward flight control and landing in honeybees
Authors: Ibbotson M. R. , Hung Y.-S. , Meffin H. , Boeddeker N. , Srinivasan M. V. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe impressive repertoire of honeybee visually guided behaviors, and their ability to learn has made them an important tool for elucidating the visual basis of behavior. Like other insects, bees perform optomotor course correction to optic flow, a response that is dependent on the spatial structure of the visual environment. However, bees can also distinguish the speed of image motion during forward flight and landing, as well as estimate flight distances (odometry), irrespective of the visual scene. The neural pathways underlying these abilities are unknown. Here we report on a cluster of descending neurons (DNIIIs) that are shown to have the directional tuning properties necessary for detecting image motion during forward flight and landing on vertical surfaces. They have stable firing rates during prolonged periods of stimulation and respond to a wide range of image speeds, making them suitable to detect image flow during flight behaviors. While their responses are not strictly speed tuned, the shape and amplitudes of their speed tuning functions are resistant to large changes in spatial frequency. These cells are prime candidates not only for the control of flight speed and landing, but also the basis of a neural ‘front end’ of the honeybee’s visual odometer.
Elimination of a signal sequence-uncleaved form of defective HLA protein through BAG6
Authors: Yamamoto Koki , Hayashishita Mizuki , Minami Setsuya , Suzuki Kanji , Hagiwara Takumi , Noguchi Aya , Kawahara Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA portion of newly synthesized transmembrane domain proteins tend to fail to assemble correctly in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, thus resulting in the production of a signal sequence-uncleaved form of the defective species. Although the efficient degradation of these mistargeted polypeptides is crucial, the molecular mechanism of their elimination pathway has not been adequately characterized. In this study, we focused on one such cryptic portion of a defective transmembrane domain protein, HLA-A, and show that a part of HLA-A is produced as a signal sequence-uncleaved labile species that is immediately targeted to the degradation pathway. We found that both BAG6 and proteasomes are indispensable for elimination of mislocalized HLA-A species. Furthermore, defective HLA-A is subjected to BAG6-dependent solubilization in the cytoplasm. These observations suggest that BAG6 acts as a critical factor for proteasome-mediated degradation of mislocalized HLA-A with a non-cleaved signal sequence at its N-terminus.
Extremely low frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields cause antioxidative defense mechanisms in human osteoblasts via induction of •O2
− and H2O2
Authors: Ehnert Sabrina , Fentz Anne-Kristin , Schreiner Anna , Birk Johannes , Wilbrand Benjamin , Ziegler Patrick , Reumann Marie K. , Wang Hongbo , Falldorf Karsten , Nussler Andreas K. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRecently, we identified a specific extremely low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (ELF-PEMF) that supports human osteoblast (hOBs) function in an ERK1/2-dependent manner, suggesting reactive oxygen species (ROS) being key regulators in this process. Thus, this study aimed at investigating how ELF-PEMF exposure can modulate hOBs function via ROS. Our results show that single exposure to ELF-PEMF induced ROS production in hOBs, without reducing intracellular glutathione. Repetitive exposure (>3) to ELF-PEMF however reduced ROS-levels, suggesting alterations in the cells antioxidative stress response. The main ROS induced by ELF-PEMF were •O2− and H2O2, therefore expression/activity of antioxidative enzymes related to these ROS were further investigated. ELF-PEMF exposure induced expression of GPX3, SOD2, CAT and GSR on mRNA, protein and enzyme activity level. Scavenging •O2− and H2O2 diminished the ELF-PEMF effect on hOBs function (AP activity and mineralization). Challenging the hOBs with low amounts of H2O2 on the other hand improved hOBs function. In summary, our data show that ELF-PEMF treatment favors differentiation of hOBs by producing non-toxic amounts of ROS, which induces antioxidative defense mechanisms in these cells. Thus, ELF-PEMF treatment might represent an interesting adjunct to conventional therapy supporting bone formation under oxidative stress conditions, e.g. during fracture healing.
Oral administration of cannabis with lipids leads to high levels of cannabinoids in the intestinal lymphatic system and prominent immunomodulation
Authors: Zgair Atheer , Lee Jong Bong , Wong Jonathan C. M. , Taha Dhiaa A. , Aram Jehan , Di Virgilio Daisy , McArthur Joshua W. , Cheng Yu-Kit , Hennig Ivo M. , Barrett David A. , Fischer Peter M. , Constantinescu Cris S. , Gershkovich Pavel 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCannabidiol (CBD) and ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) have well documented immunomodulatory effects in vitro, but not following oral administration in humans. Here we show that oral co-administration of cannabinoids with lipids can substantially increase their intestinal lymphatic transport in rats. CBD concentrations in the lymph were 250-fold higher than in plasma, while THC concentrations in the lymph were 100-fold higher than in plasma. Since cannabinoids are currently in clinical use for the treatment of spasticity in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and to alleviate nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy in cancer patients, lymphocytes from those patients were used to assess the immunomodulatory effects of cannabinoids. The levels of cannabinoids recovered in the intestinal lymphatic system, but not in plasma, were substantially above the immunomodulatory threshold in murine and human lymphocytes. CBD showed higher immunosuppressive effects than THC. Moreover, immune cells from MS patients were more susceptible to the immunosuppressive effects of cannabinoids than those from healthy volunteers or cancer patients. Therefore, administering cannabinoids with a high-fat meal or in lipid-based formulations has the potential to be a therapeutic approach to improve the treatment of MS, or indeed other autoimmune disorders. However, intestinal lymphatic transport of cannabinoids in immunocompromised patients requires caution.
Indication of band flattening at the Fermi level in a strongly correlated electron system
Authors: Melnikov M. Yu. , Shashkin A. A. , Dolgopolov V. T. , Huang S.-H. , Liu C. W. , Kravchenko S. V. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractUsing ultra-high quality SiGe/Si/SiGe quantum wells at millikelvin temperatures, we experimentally compare the energy-averaged effective mass, m, with that at the Fermi level, m
F
, and verify that the behaviours of these measured values are qualitatively different. With decreasing electron density (or increasing interaction strength), the mass at the Fermi level monotonically increases in the entire range of electron densities, while the energy-averaged mass saturates at low densities. The qualitatively different behaviour reveals a precursor to the interaction-induced single-particle spectrum flattening at the Fermi level in this electron system.
Changes in the soil bacterial community along a pedogenic gradient
Authors: Sánchez-Marañón Manuel , Miralles Isabel , Aguirre-Garrido José F. , Anguita-Maeso Manuel , Millán Vicenta , Ortega Raul , García-Salcedo José A. , Martínez-Abarca Francisco , Soriano Miguel 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCurrent research on the influence of environmental and physicochemical factors in shaping the soil bacterial structure has seldom been approached from a pedological perspective. We studied the bacterial communities of eight soils selected along a pedogenic gradient at the local scale in a Mediterranean calcareous mountain (Sierra de María, SE Spain). The results showed that the relative abundance of Acidobacteria, Canditate division WPS-1, and Armatimonadetes decreased whereas that of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria increased from the less-developed soils (Leptosol) to more-developed soils (Luvisol). This bacterial distribution pattern was also positively correlated with soil-quality parameters such as organic C, water-stable aggregates, porosity, moisture, and acidity. In addition, at a lower taxonomic level, the abundance of Acidobacteria Gp4, Armatimonadetes_gp4, Solirubrobacter, Microvirga, Terrimonas, and Nocardioides paralleled soil development and quality. Therefore, our work indicates that the composition of bacterial populations changes with pedogenesis, which could be considered a factor influencing the communities according to the environmental and physicochemical conditions during the soil formation.
High-level heterologous production and Functional Secretion by recombinant Pichia pastoris of the shortest proline-rich antibacterial honeybee peptide Apidaecin
Authors: Chen Ximing , Li Juan , Sun Haili , Li Shiweng , Chen Tuo , Liu Guangxiu , Dyson Paul 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDrug resistance is a major problem in antibacterial chemotherapy. Apidaecins, which refer to a series of small, proline-rich antimicrobial peptides, are predominantly active against many drug-resistant bacteria. The apidaecins have special antibacterial mechanisms, and are non-toxic for human cells, a prerequisite for using them as novel antibiotic drugs. However, no efficient non-tagged apidaecin expression system has been reported, which is the limiting factor for their application. Here we successfully generated a Pichia pastoris transformant expressing and secreting apidaecin. However, expression was unstable and poor. Analysis of this revealed that the integration plasmid was frequently lost and that apidaecin expression resulted in cell death. Using N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitroso-guanidine mutagenesis and selection, a mutant strain Apmu4 was derived, in which the rate of loss of the integration plasmid was much lower after induction, and which produced improved titres of apidaecin. Additionally, we discovered that using glucose as the sole carbon source to pre-culture the strain before induction could greatly enhance apidaecin production. A pilot-scale 10 L fermentation yielded 418 mg/L of recombinant apidaecin, which represents the highest reported yield of apidaecin. Consequently, this study reports the first super heterologous expression and secretion of apidaecin in yeast.
Transcriptomic profiling in human mesangial cells using patient-derived lupus autoantibodies identified miR-10a as a potential regulator of IL8
Authors: Tangtanatakul Pattarin , Thammasate Boonyakiat , Jacquet Alain , Reantragoon Rangsima , Pisitkun Trairak , Avihingsanon Yingyos , Leelahavanichkul Asada , Hirankarn Nattiya 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAutoantibody-mediated inflammation directed at resident kidney cells mediates lupus nephritis (LN) pathogenesis. This study investigated the role of miRNA in human mesangial cells (HMCs) stimulated with auto anti-dsDNA immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibodies. HMCs were treated with antibodies purified from active LN patients or non-specific IgG controls in the presence of normal serum. Aberrant miRNA was screened using high throughput sequencing. Anti-dsDNA IgG up-regulated 103 miRNAs and down-regulated 30 miRNAs. The miRNAs regulated genes in the cell cycle, catabolic processes, regulation of transcription and apoptosis signalling. miR-10a was highly abundant in HMCs but was specifically downregulated upon anti-dsDNA IgG induction. Interestingly, the expression of miR-10a in kidney biopsies from class III and IV LN patients (n = 26) was downregulated compared with cadaveric donor kidneys (n = 6). Functional studies highlighted the downstream regulator of miR-10a in the chemokine signalling and cell proliferation or apoptosis pathways. Luciferase assay confirmed for the first time that IL8 was a direct target of miR-10a in HMCs. In conclusion, anti-dsDNA IgG Ab down-regulated miR-10a expression in HMCs resulting in the induction of various target genes involved in HMC proliferation and chemokine expression.
The first draft reference genome of the American mink (Neovison vison)
Authors: Cai Zexi , Petersen Bent , Sahana Goutam , Madsen Lone B. , Larsen Knud , Thomsen Bo , Bendixen Christian , Lund Mogens Sandø , Guldbrandtsen Bernt , Panitz Frank 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe American mink (Neovison vison) is a semiaquatic species of mustelid native to North America. It’s an important animal for the fur industry. Many efforts have been made to locate genes influencing fur quality and color, but this search has been impeded by the lack of a reference genome. Here we present the first draft genome of mink. In our study, two mink individuals were sequenced by Illumina sequencing with 797 Gb sequence generated. Assembly yielded 7,175 scaffolds with an N50 of 6.3 Mb and length of 2.4 Gb including gaps. Repeat sequences constitute around 31% of the genome, which is lower than for dog and cat genomes. The alignments of mink, ferret and dog genomes help to illustrate the chromosomes rearrangement. Gene annotation identified 21,053 protein-coding sequences present in mink genome. The reference genome’s structure is consistent with the microsatellite-based genetic map. Mapping of well-studied genes known to be involved in coat quality and coat color, and previously located fur quality QTL provide new knowledge about putative candidate genes for fur traits. The draft genome shows great potential to facilitate genomic research towards improved breeding for high fur quality animals and strengthen our understanding on evolution of Carnivora.
The shape of density dependence in fragmented landscapes explains an inverse buffer effect in a migratory songbird
Authors: Taylor Caz M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIt is well known that forest fragmentation reduces fecundity in several avian species, including wood thrush, Hylocichla mustelina, a migratory songbird that has been declining for several decades. However, I found that landscape-scale density in wood thrush was lower and population declines steeper in higher quality, less-fragmented landscapes (an inverse buffer effect) than in poor quality landscapes. These patterns suggest that wood thrush was not limited by availability of breeding habitat but that declines were primarily driven by non-breeding season events. A two-season model predicts that if this hypothesis is correct, breeding population trends will be negatively related to the strength of density dependence (b’) in the breeding season. To test this, a site-dependence model was used to construct fecundity-density curves and showed that landscape fragmentation affected the shape of density dependence. In good quality landscapes, the onset of strong density dependence was much more abrupt than in poorer quality landscapes and the realized strength of density dependence, b’, was lower in good quality landscapes. Population trends were negatively associated with b’, providing support for the non-breeding limitation hypothesis. The combination of the negative associations of trends with b’ and b’ with landscape quality explain the inverse buffer effect.
Proteomic analysis reveals an impaired Ca2+/AQP5 pathway in the submandibular gland in hypertension
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zhong Li-Jun , Wang Yang , Liu Li-mei , Cong Xin , Xiang Ruo-Lan , Wu Li-Ling , Yu Guang-Yan , Zhang Yan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHypertension is a systemic disorder that affects numerous physiological processes throughout the body. Improper sodium transport is a common comorbidity of hypertension, and sodium transport is also critical for maintaining the secretion of submandibular glands, whether the function of submandibular glands is affected by hypertension remains unclear. To determine whether hypertension induces changes in the protein expression of submandibular glands, we compared the proteome of submandibular glands from 14-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats using LC-MS/MS. The results revealed that 95 proteins displayed different levels of expression between the submandibular glands from the SHRs and WKYs. Among these, 35 proteins were more abundant, and 60 proteins were less abundant in the SHR compared with the WKY rats. Specifically, aquaporin 5 and parvalbumin, which are correlated with water transport and intracellular Ca2+ signal transduction, were verified to exhibit differences in protein abundance. Impaired Ca2+ response to carbachol was confirmed in the acinar cells from SHRs, and hyposecretion by the submandibular glands was further confirmed by in vivo saliva collection. In conclusion, the proteomic analysis of the submandibular glands of SHRs revealed novel changes in protein abundance that provides possible mechanisms connecting hypertension and hyposecretion in submandibular glands.
Various response of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. regeneration in artifical gaps
Authors: Wang Zhibin , Zhao Kuangji , Yang Haijiao , Ma Lvyi , Jia Zhongkui 
Published: October 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the influence of gaps in promoting canopy recruitment will help to maintain structural stability and achieve continuous forest cover. We established three control plots and experimental plots with three replications each (gap sizes L-I, L-II, L-III, and L-IV) in a Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) plantation to test the short-term effects of gap size on the age distribution, density and growth, and annual height and ground diameter growth for regeneration established before (REBG) and after (REAG) gap creation. Age distribution exhibited an approximately normal distribution, with the numbers of REBG and REAG decreasing and increasing, respectively, as the age increased. Although there was no difference in density among gap size classes, regeneration growth positively responded to gap size, with maximum values observed in class L-III. Annual average height growth after (AAH-A) gap creation was significantly greater than that before (AAH-B) gap creation for REBG among gap sizes, suggesting that gaps promote the rapid growth of regeneration. However, the responses of height and ground diameter growth in REBG to gap size were not immediate and exhibited a response delay of 2–4 years. Similarly, for the height and ground diameter growth of REAG, significant differences were first observed within years 2–4 after germination in the same growing season for all gap size classes.
The Frequency and Nature of Communication Between School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists and Caregivers of Children With Language Impairment
Authors: Tambyraja Sherine R. , Schmitt Mary Beth , Justice Laura M. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The present study investigates the extent to which school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) communicate with the caregivers of children with language impairment and the factors that are significantly associated with frequent communication. In addition, this study investigates the extent to which frequent SLP–caregiver communication is associated with change in language and literacy abilities of children.

Method
To address the study aims, weekly communication logs from 73 SLPs, serving 3–5 children with language impairment in grades K-2, were collected for a complete academic year. Logs detailed the frequency and nature of SLP–caregiver communication. Information regarding children's age, language ability, and socioeconomic status were gathered at study onset; additionally, SLPs completed a questionnaire about their work experience and current work conditions (e.g., caseload size and job satisfaction). Finally, children were administered grammar, vocabulary, and early literacy assessments at the beginning and end of the academic year.

Results
Descriptive results indicate that (a) the most common type of communication was via homework, (b) children's socioeconomic status was related to communication frequency, and (c) increased SLP–caregiver communication related to increased grammar gains over the academic year.

Conclusion
These results suggest that SLP–caregiver communication may be important for children's language outcomes; further studies exploring ways to support these communicative efforts are warranted.
Synthesis of glycolurils and their analogues
Authors: Kravchenko Angelina N. , Baranov Vladimir V. , Gazieva Galina A. 
Published: October 2017

Glycolurils — tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d]imidazole-2,5(1H,3H)-diones — have found widespread applications in various fields of science and technology. Among them, there are pharmacologically active compounds (antibacterial, nootropic, neurotropic agents, etc.), explosives, gelators, etc. They are used as building blocks in supramolecular chemistry. Therefore, the development of new methods for the synthesis of glycolurils and their analogues has constantly attracted the attention of researchers. In this review, we analyze various approaches to the synthesis of glycolurils and their analogues. The review covers both classical reactions of ureas and related compounds with α-dicarbonyl compounds or with 4,5-dihydroxyimida-zolidin-2-ones (-thiones) and their imino analogues and new original reactions of 4,5-dihydroxyimidazolidin-2-ones (-thiones), imidazolinones and their bicyclic analogues with ureas and KNCS in the presence of acids, condensations of 1,4-disubstituted 1,4-diaza-1,3-dienes with isocyanic and/or isothiocyanic acids or isocyanates, triazine ring contraction in imidazotriazines to give the imidazolidine ring, and transformations of urazoles.
The bibliography includes 129 references.
Methods for the synthesis of O-, S- and N-vinyl derivatives
Authors: Ledovskaya Maria S. , Voronin Vladimir V. , Rodygin Konstantin S. 
Published: October 2017

The currently known methods for the preparation of vinyl ethers, vinyl sulfides and enamines are analyzed and described systematically. The published data on the reactions of alcohols, thiols and various nitrogen-containing compounds with acetylene, resulting in the corresponding vinyl derivatives, are considered. The attention is focused on the application of convenient acetylene sources. Other modern approaches to the synthesis of vinyl derivatives are described in detail, including vinyl exchange and metathesis reactions, various types of cross-coupling and cleavage of organic compounds. Some specific synthetic routes to vinyl ethers, vinyl sulfides and enamines are presented in the last Section.
The bibliography includes 262 references.