bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New-onset arrhythmias following transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Siontis George C M , Praz Fabien , Lanz Jonas , Vollenbroich René , Roten Laurent , Stortecky Stefan , Räber Lorenz , Windecker Stephan , Pilgrim Thomas 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence and clinical impact of new-onset arrhythmias in patients following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).MethodWe systematically identified studies reporting new-onset arrhythmias after TAVI other than atrioventricular conduction disturbances. We summarised monitoring strategies, type and prevalence of arrhythmias and estimated their effect on risk of death or cerebrovascular events by using random-effects meta-analysis. The study is registered withInternational prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD42017058053).ResultsSixty-five studies (43 506 patients) reported new-onset arrhythmias following TAVI. The method of arrhythmia detection was specified only in 31 studies (48%). New-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) (2641 patients), bradyarrhythmias (182 patients), supraventricular arrhythmias (29 patients), ventricular arrhythmias (28 patients) and non-specified major arrhythmias (855 patients) were reported. In most studies (52 out of 65), new-onset arrhythmia detection was limited to the first month following TAVI. The most frequently documented arrhythmia was NOAF with trend of increasing summary prevalence of 11%, 14%, 14% and 25% during inhospital, 30-day, 1-year and 2-year follow-ups, respectively (P for trend=0.011). Summary prevalence estimates of NOAF at 30-day follow-up differ significantly between studies of prospective and retrospective design (8% and 21%, respectively, P=0.002). New episodes of bradyarrhythmias were documented with a summary crude prevalence of 4% at 1-year follow-up. NOAF increased the risk of death (relative risk 1.61, 95% CI 1.35 to 1.98, I2=47%) and cerebrovascular events (1.79, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.64, I2=0%). No study commented on therapeutic modifications following the detection of new-onset arrhythmias.ConclusionsSystematic identification of new-onset arrhythmias following TAVI may have considerable impact on subsequent therapeutic management and long-term prognosis in this patient population.
Assessment of human placenta as an ex-vivo vascular model for testing of liquid embolic agent injections with adjunctive techniques
Authors: Okada Hideo , Chung Joonho , Heiferman Daniel M , Lopes Demetrius K 
Published: December 2017

PurposeThis project sought to test the utility of post-delivery human placenta (HP) as a vascular model for liquid embolic agent (LEA) simulation, along with adjunctive techniques.Materials and methodsTwelve LEA injections were performed under fluoroscopy in HP with two reflux control methods: dual lumen ‘mini’ balloon-catheter (n=9); and injection after proximal nBCA plug formation through a second microcatheter (‘pressure cooker’) (n=3). Measured outcomes included liquid embolic agent (LEA) advancement and reflux. Reflux was categorized into three grades: grade 0=no reflux; grade 1=occlusion of side branches without reflux beyond the balloon or plug; and grade 2=reflux beyond the balloon or plug.ResultsSimulation success was greater when a balloon was used rather than with a nBCA plug (89% vs 33%, P=0.054). In eight successful balloon-assisted injections, the reflux grades were: 50% grade 0; 12.5% grade 1; and 37.5% grade 2. The one successful nBCA plug injection had grade 2 reflux. All grade 2 balloon injections occurred when the balloon was positioned across a vessel bifurcation.ConclusionsHP provides excellent simulation for liquid embolic agents with a dual lumen balloon catheter.
Regulation of ATP-dependent surfactant secretion and activation of second-messenger systems in alveolar type II cells
Authors: Voyno-Yasenetskaya T. A. , Dobbs L. G. , Williams M. C. 
Published: December 2017

Several different classes of agonists are known to stimulate exocytosis in type II cells. These agonists cause increases in second messengers, such as adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) or cytosolic Ca2+, and/or stimulate protein kinase C. We studied generation of cAMP and phosphoinositide (PI) turnover in monolayer cultures of type II cells and measured [Ca2+]i in single cultured cells. ATP [10-4 M], which stimulates secretion of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and increases cellular cAMP, also stimulated PI turnover and increased [Ca2+]i. 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), which stimulates PC secretion and activates protein kinase C, did not increase [Ca2+]i. Pretreatment of type II cells with the calmodulin antagonist N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7) inhibited the PC secretion induced by ATP and TPA and blocked the increase in PI turnover caused by ATP. ATP-dependent surfactant secretion and stimulation of PI turnover could also be inhibited by pretreatment of the cells with pertussis toxin. We used the fluorescent probe indo-1 to measure [Ca2+]i in single cultured type II cells. ATP produced rapid transient increases in [Ca2+]i, which could be prevented by pretreatment of the cells with either TPA or W-7. Our data suggest that pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein(s) are involved in ATP-dependent activation of PI turnover and in secretion of surfactant in type II cells. Activation of protein kinase C blocks the ATP-stimulated increase in [Ca2+]i. Finally, calmodulin may be involved in the regulation of ATP-dependent increase in [Ca2+]i, the activation of PI turnover, and the secretion of surfactant in type II cells. lung; exocytosis; cell calcium; G proteins; phosphoinositide turnover
Control of growth in the neonatal pig heart
Authors: Beinlich Cathy J. , Baker Kenneth M. , White Gloria J. , Morgan Howard E. 
Published: December 2017

The newborn heart is an excellent model in which to study cardiac growth because the neonatal period is a normal situation in which the left ventricle (LV) grows rapidly and the right ventricle grows slowly. Accelerated LV growth is in response to mechanical, neural, and endocrine changes at birth. Faster growth of the LV is accounted for by greater capacity for protein synthesis, as evidenced by greater RNA content. At 18 h of life, ribosomes are formed in preference to total heart protein, but at 48 h of life, faster rates of both ribosome formation and total protein synthesis are observed. In the LV of hearts from 2-day-old pigs, these rates are insensitive to the addition of glucagon, 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine, or a combination of norepinephrine and propranolol. These observations could result because of maximal growth stimulation already present in the LV of the newborn heart. To restrain LV growth in the neonatal period, we treated pigs with enalapril maleate, an angiotensin II-converting enzyme inhibitor. Enalapril blocked growth of the LV as well as the increase in RNA content. When hearts from enalapril-treated pigs were perfused in vitro, rates of protein synthesis and ribosome formation in the LV were lower. These studies suggest that angiotensin II is an important factor accounting for rapid growth of the neonatal heart in response to pressure overload at birth. adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate; angiotensin II; cardiac hypertrophy; glucagon; norepinephrine; protein synthesis; ribosome formation
Thyroid control over membrane processes in rat heart
Authors: Seppet Enn K. , Kadaya Lumme Y. , Hata Tomoji , Kallikorm Ants P. , Saks Valdur A. , Vetter Roland , Dhalla Naranjan S. 
Published: December 2017

We have studied the effects of hypo- and hyperthyroidism on sarcolemmal (SL) and sarcoplasmic reticular (SR) ion transport processes and mitochondrial energy production in rat heart. The following conclusions were derived. 1) Compared with euthyroid state, hyperthyroidism led to increased SR Ca+-accumulation. In SL, the activities of Ca2+-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), ATP-dependent Ca+ pumping, and Na+-Ca2+ exchanger were not affected; but ouabain-sensitive Na+-K+-ATPase activity was enhanced. 2) Hypothyroidism resulted in depressed activities of Ca2+ pumps both in SL and SR. In SL, the Na+-K+-ATPase activity was decreased, but Na+-Ca2+ exchange was unaltered. 3) Thus slower relaxation of the hypothyroid myocardium may be attributed to depressed functioning of Ca2+ pumps in SR and SL, whereas faster relaxation of the hyperthyroid heart may be based on increased Ca2+-pumping activity of SR. 4) Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, respectively, led to enhanced and decreased rates of mitochondrial phosphocreatine synthesis. The thyroid state appears to control the functional coupling between mitochondrial creatine kinase and ATP-ADP translocase: the energy of oxidative phosphorylation was transformed into phosphocreatine more effectively in mitochondria from hypothyroid hearts than in those from hyperthyroid hearts. euthyroid; hyperthyroid; hypothyroid; mitochondrial creatine kinase; myocardium; oxidative phosphorylation; phosphocreatine synthesis; sarcolemma; sarcoplasmic reticulum
Cellular adaptation during chronic neonatal hypoxic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Stenmark Kurt R. , Aldashev Almas A. , Orton Ernest C. , Durmowicz A. G. , Badesch D. B. , Parks W. C. , Mecham R. P. , Voelkel N. F. , Reeves J. T. 
Published: December 2017

Newbor animals develop more severe hypoxic pulmonary hypertension than do adults, their vascular changes are greater, and both the hypertension and vascular changes occur more rapidly. We hypothesize that this differential developmentally controlled response may arise from either a difference in the type or quantity of endogenously secreted mediators in response to a given injury or a difference in the replicative and/or matrix-producing response of the vascular cells to physical or chemical stimuli. We investigated the effect of chronic hypoxia (14 days) on the proliferative and matrix-producing phenotype of the neonatal (14-day-old) pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (SMC) and examined the heterogeneity and potential mechanisms responsible for this response. In situ hybridization studies demonstrated a remarkable change in the distribution of cells hybridizing with a tropoelastin cRNA probe after 14 days of hypoxia. Studies also demonstrated a population of SMC that did not hybridize with the elastin or collagen probes, indicating that the pulmonary artery contains SMC of multiple phenotypes and that the response to hypoxic and hemodynamic stress is not uniform for the various types. Bromodeoxyuridine labeling experiments indicated a large increase in DNA synthesis in hypertensive vessels, which, again, was not uniform either across or along the arterial wall. In vitro experiments with neonatal SMC suggested that hypoxia alone could not be responsible for the proliferative or matrix changes. These observations were supported by in vivo experiments in which coarctation of the left pulmonary artery, which markedly decreased pressure and flow to the left lung in hypoxic animals (14 days), resulted in significant decreases in collagen and elastin message levels in the left pulmonary artery distal to the coarctation compared with location-matched vessels from the right lung. Finally, we noted marked decreases in B-receptor density and adenyl cyclase activity in right atrial and pulmonary artery tissue from the chronically hypoxic animals. Decreases in the ability of the cell to produce adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate could significantly affect both the proliferative and matrix-producing potential of the SMC. We conclude that in vivo adaptation of the pulmonary artery SMC to chronic hypoxia includes changes in protein synthesis, cell proliferation, receptor expression, and enzyme activity. Further, there is a marked heterogeneity of these responses both across and along the arterial wall. hypoxia; phenotype; signal transductions; smooth muscle cells
Time course of thrombin-induced increase in endothelial permeability: relationship to Cai2+ and inositol polyphosphates
Authors: Lum Hazel , Aschner Judy L. , Phillips Patricia G. , Fletcher Paul W. , Malik Asrar B. 
Published: December 2017

Pages L219–L225: Hazel Lum, Judy L. Aschner, Patricia G. Phillips, Paul W. Fletcher, and Asrar B. Malik. “Time course of thrombin-induced increase in endothelial permeability: relationship to Cai2+ and inositol polyphosphates. ” Page L222: the first duration after control should be 0.5 min. The corrected table appears below. (See PDF)
Time course of thrombin-induced increase in endothelial permeability: relationship to Cai2+ and inositol polyphosphates
Authors: Lum Hazel , Aschner Judy L. , Phillips Patricia G. , Fletcher Paul W. , Malik Asrar B. 
Published: December 2017

Pages L219–L225: Hazel Lum, Judy L. Aschner, Patricia G. Phillips, Paul W. Fletcher, and Asrar B. Malik. “Time course of thrombin-induced increase in endothelial permeability: relationship to Cai2+ and inositol polyphosphates.” Page L222: the first duration after control should be 0.5 min. The corrected table appears below. (See PDF)
Cigarette smoking, emphysema, and damage to α1-proteinase inhibitor
Authors: Evans Mark D. , Pryor William A. 
Published: December 2017

Pages L593–L611: Mark D. Evans and William A. Pryor. Invited Review, “Cigarette smoking, emphysema, and damage to α1-proteinase inhibitor.” On p. L600, Fig. 4 B should appear as shown below, with S (sulfur) and not C (carbon) in the formula for methionine oxidation to the sulfoxide. (See PDF)
Presence and possible role of a renal brush-border Gly-Pro-X-releasing exopeptidase
Authors: Andersen Knut-Jan , McDonald J. Ken 
Published: December 2017

Differential pelleting of a rat renal cortical homogenate clearly demonstrated the microsomal localization of an N-terminal exopeptidase of the tripeptidyl peptidase (TPP) class that typically requires a free N-terminus to catalyze the release of collagen-related (Gly-Pro-X) “triplets” at pH 7.0 (TPP 7). Once fractionated by differential pelleting, microsomal populations of different size were subfractionated by equilibrium banding in sucrose gradients for the purpose of comparing the distribution profiles and the isopycnic banding densities of TPP 7 to those for known marker enzymes. This analytical approach permitted the localization of these enzymes to specific membrane domains in the renal cortex and provided evidence for the brush-border location of TPP 7. Notably, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV), an established plasma membrane exopeptidase with a prolyl-bond specificity, gave banding densities and distributions that were consistent with the presence of both TPP 7 and DPP IV in the same membrane compartment. Because triplets of the Gly-Pro-X type released by TPP 7 would be ideal substrates for DPP IV, a coupled TPP 7-DPP IV exopeptidase mechanism at the luminal surface (brush border) of proximal tubule cells could therefore make a major contribution to the renal degradation and reabsorption of filtered collagen fragments. tripeptidyl peptidase; aminopeptidase; collagen; rat kidney cortex Submitted on February 11, 1987 Accepted on May 13, 1987
Contemporary Trends in the Use and Outcomes of Surgical Treatment of Tricuspid Regurgitation
Authors: Alqahtani Fahad , Berzingi Chalak O. , Aljohani Sami , Hijazi Mohamad , Al‐Hallak Ahmad , Alkhouli Mohamad 
Published: December 2017

Background

Tricuspid regurgitation (
TR
), if untreated, is associated with an adverse impact on long‐term outcomes. In recent years, there has been an increasing enthusiasm about surgical and transcatheter treatment of patients with severe
TR
. We aim to evaluate the contemporary trends in the use and outcomes of tricuspid valve (TV) surgery for
TR
using the National Inpatient Sample.

Methods and Results

Between January 1, 2003 and December 31, 2014, an estimated 45 477 patients underwent
TV
surgery for
TR
in the United States, of whom 15% had isolated
TV
surgery and 85% had
TV
surgery concomitant with other cardiac surgery. There was a temporal upward trend to treat sicker patients during the study period. Patients who underwent isolated
TV
repair or replacement had a distinctly different clinical risk profile than those patients who underwent
TV
surgery simultaneous with other surgery. Isolated
TV
replacement was associated with high in‐hospital mortality (10.9%) and high rates of permanent pacemaker implantation (34.1%) and acute kidney injury requiring dialysis (5.5%). Similarly, isolated
TV
repair was also associated with high in‐hospital mortality (8.1%) and significant rates of permanent pacemaker implantation (10.9%) and new dialysis (4.4%). Isolated
TV
repair and
TV
replacement were both associated with protracted hospitalizations and substantial cost.

Conclusions

In contemporary practice, surgical treatment of
TR
remains underused and is associated with high operative morbidity and mortality, prolonged hospitalizations, and considerable cost.
Canada’s Growing Interest in the Far Away West Asia
Authors: Mondal Kamaran M. K. 
Published: December 2017

West Asian region is known for the presence of the Arab oil-rich countries. In the post-Second World War, Arab–Israeli conflict was one of the major international issues of the world. This Arab–Israel region of the West Asia was under the British control. Britain failed to handle the conflict and handed it over to the newly formed United Nations (UN) and through the UN mediation, the state of Israel was created in 1948. All the major powers of the world got involved in one way or other in the process of creation of the state of Israel in the midst of the Arab countries. Canada as a member of the UN Special Committee on Palestine (UNSCOP) became involved in the West Asian region. In the post-Second World War period, Canada had virtually no commercial or strategic interests in any countries of the region. Now Canada works closely with its network of diplomatic missions across the region to promote and defend Canadian values and interests and strengthen development and trade cooperation with a range of government, private sector and civil society partners, as well as regional organizations. The West Asian region—the Arab countries and Israel—is one of the areas where merchandise trade as well as arms trade is a significant area of interest of Canada. This article discusses Canada’s involvement in West Asia since the creation of the state of Israel. Canada supported Israel and their relations are multifaceted and have been enhanced in recent years through increased cooperation in several areas, including arms trade, investment and innovation. Canada has also many trade agreements including the arms trade to West Asian Arab countries. This article shows various issues of Canada and West Asia trade relations, particularly arms trade with Israel and other West Asia Arab countries, which has more of a political orientation rather than an economic one.
Trends in Special Education Eligibility Among Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, 2002-2010
Authors: Rubenstein Eric , Daniels Julie , Schieve Laura A. , Christensen Deborah L. , Van Naarden Braun Kim , Rice Catherine E. , Bakian Amanda V. , Durkin Maureen S. , Rosenberg Steven A. , Kirby Russell S. , Lee Li-Ching 
Published: December 2017

Objective: Although data on publicly available special education are informative and offer a glimpse of trends in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and use of educational services, using these data for population-based public health monitoring has drawbacks. Our objective was to evaluate trends in special education eligibility among 8-year-old children with ASD identified in the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network. Methods: We used data from 5 Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network sites (Arizona, Colorado, Georgia, Maryland, and North Carolina) during 4 surveillance years (2002, 2006, 2008, and 2010) and compared trends in 12 categories of special education eligibility by sex and race/ethnicity. We used multivariable linear risk regressions to evaluate how the proportion of children with a given eligibility changed over time. Results: Of 6010 children with ASD, more than 36% did not receive an autism eligibility in special education in each surveillance year. From surveillance year 2002 to surveillance year 2010, autism eligibility increased by 3.6 percentage points ( P = .09), and intellectual disability eligibility decreased by 4.6 percentage points ( P < .001). A greater proportion of boys than girls had an autism eligibility in 2002 (56.3% vs 48.8%). Compared with other racial/ethnic groups, Hispanic children had the largest increase in proportion with autism eligibility from 2002 to 2010 (15.4%, P = .005) and the largest decrease in proportion with intellectual disability (–14.3%, P = .004). Conclusion: Although most children with ASD had autism eligibility, many received special education services under other categories, and racial/ethnic disparities persisted. To monitor trends in ASD prevalence, public health officials need access to comprehensive data collected systematically, not just special education eligibility.
The Use of a Shared Services Model for Mycobacteriology Testing: Lessons Learned
Authors: Stafford Cortney , Atkinson-Dunn Robyn , Buss Sarah N. , Dalton Tracy , Gibson Debbie , Johnston Stephanie , King Ewa , Grace Lin Shou-Yean , Mitchell Kara K. , Murtaugh William A. , Sease Heather , Southern Timothy R. , Tans-Kersten Julie L. , Travanty Emily A. , Triplett Laura R. , Wroblewski Kelly , Starks Angela M. 
Published: December 2017

Objectives: Public health laboratories (PHLs) provide essential services in the diagnosis and surveillance of diseases of public health concern, such as tuberculosis. Maintaining access to high-quality laboratory testing is critical to continued disease detection and decline of tuberculosis cases in the United States. We investigated the practical experience of sharing tuberculosis testing services between PHLs through the Shared Services Project. Methods: The Shared Services Project was a 9-month-long project funded through the Association of Public Health Laboratories and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention during 2012-2013 as a one-time funding opportunity to consortiums of PHLs that proposed collaborative approaches to sharing tuberculosis laboratory services. Submitting PHLs maintained testing while simultaneously sending specimens to reference laboratories to compare turnaround times. Results: During the 9-month project period, 107 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex submissions for growth-based drug susceptibility testing and molecular detection of drug resistance testing occurred among the 3 consortiums. The median transit time for all submissions was 1.0 day. Overall, median drug susceptibility testing turnaround time (date of receipt in submitting laboratory to result) for parallel testing performed in house by submitting laboratories was 31.0 days; it was 43.0 days for reference laboratories. The median turnaround time for molecular detection of drug resistance results was 1.0 day (mean = 2.8; range, 0-14) from specimen receipt at the reference laboratories. Conclusions: The shared services model holds promise for specialized tuberculosis testing. Sharing of services requires a balance among quality, timeliness, efficiency, communication, and fiscal costs.