bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pentacene Transistors with Polymer Gate Dielectrics on Metallized Optical Fibers
Authors: Granstrom Jimmy , Katz Howard E. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIt is difficult to deposit a very thin polymer layer onto a fiber-shaped substrate from solution because the high interfacial energy can lead to dewetting. This difficulty presents itself when attempting to apply a gate dielectric to conductive fiber substrates during the fabrication of fiber transistors for use in applications such as “electrotextiles” and optical switches. We present a dip coating process that applies a gate dielectric to metal-coated optical fibers with high uniformity and reproducibility, resulting in pentacene field-effect transistors (FETs) with excellent transistor characteristics including mobilities up to 0.4 cm2/Vs and on/off ratios up to 7000. In one case, a memory effect was demonstrated. Several gate dielectrics were successfully applied to the optical fibers, suggesting a baseline set of suitable materials for this purpose. A thorough study of the dip coating conditions is presented, including proposed explanations of the effects of different coating procedures and solution physical properties.
Radiotracer Diffusion Measurements of Noble Metal Atoms in Semiconducting Organic Films.
Authors: Scharnberg Michael , Kanzow Jörn , Rätzke Klaus , Adelung Rainer , Faupel Franz , Meyer Stephan , Pflaum Jens 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe application of organic field effect transistors (OFETs) for large scale low-cost electronic devices has lead to intense research. Diindenoperylene (DIP) thin films on SiO2 are a prominent system due to their high structural out-of-plane order. While bottom contact OFET structures can be realized easily, preparation of top contacts might cause diffusion of metal atoms (typically Ag or Au) deep into the organic film changing the injection properties at the interface. These properties are of great importance for device fabrication. Therefore, only by understanding the diffusion behaviour of metals into the organic layer, formation of well defined interfaces and control of their properties will become possible. For a better understanding of the diffusion of noble metal atoms into crystalline organic films, a radiotracer technique has been used to obtain diffusion profiles for Ag and Au diffusion in crystalline DIP films. For Ag diffusion in DIP, the decrease in Ag concentration of four orders of magnitude within the first few nanometers indicates that most of the metal atoms remain near the surface while small amounts can penetrate deep into the thin film and can even accumulate at the interface between organic film and the silicon substrate. A comparison with diffusion profiles obtained for polymers indicates that the interplay between diffusion and immobilization by aggregation also determine the diffusion behaviour of metals in organic crystalline materials. Latest experiments support this interpretation of the diffusion profiles. Single atoms are highly mobile in the organic crystalline material due to the weak interaction between the metal and the organic material. Therefore, most of the single atoms that penetrate into the material do so during the initial phase of the deposition. When more and more atoms arrive at the surface, cluster formation sets in. Due to the high cohesive energy of the metal the atoms can not leave the cluster and become immobilized. After deposition of a closed surface layer no further metal diffusion should be observed. With the knowledge about the diffusion processes gained by the radiotracer measurements control of process parameters and development of barrier layers in sub-monolayer range should be possible.
Photoresponse Of Organic Field-Effect Transistors Based On Soluble Semiconductors And Dielectrics
Authors: Marjanović Nenad , Singh Th. B. , Günes Serap , Neugebauer Helmut , Sariciftci Niyazi Serdar 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPhotoactive organic field-effect transistors, photOFETs, based on a conjugated polymer/fullerene blend, MDMO-PPV: PCBM (1:4), and polymeric dielectrics as polyvinylalcohol (PVA) or divinyltetramethyldisiloxane-bis(benzocyclobutene) (BCB) with top source and drain electrodes were fabricated and characterized in dark and under AM1.5 illumination. With LiF/Al as top source and drain contacts the devices feature n-type transistor behavior in dark with electron mobility of 10-2cm2/Vs. Under illumination, a large free carrier concentration from photo-induced charge transfer at the polymer/fullerene bulk heterojunction (photodoping) is created. The device performance was studied with different illumination intensities and showed to be strongly influenced by the nature of the organic dielectric/organic semiconductor interface resulting in phototransistor behavior in BCB-based photOFETs and in phototransistor or photoresistor behavior for PVA-based photOFETs.
Novel Dielectric Materials for Organic Electronics
Authors: Facchetti Antonio , Yoon Myung-Han , Yan He , Marks Tobin J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe present our latest results on the design and fabrication of very high capacitance dielectric materials for organic field-effect transistors. We will show that utilization of appropriate self-assembling siloxane building blocks and polymer matrices allows solution-processed, pinhole-free organic dielectrics. Electrical (MIS, TFT) data demonstrate that these insulators can be efficiently integrated into large TFT structures. These devices function for both p- and n-channel semiconductors, the molecular components of which exhibit greatly different core structures and substituent functionalities. Substantial TFT response is achieved at very low operational biases (<1V), without serious leakage currents (<10-8 A/cm at 1V).
Effects of Polarized Organosilane Self-Assembled Monolayers on Organic Single-Crystal Field-Effect Transistors
Authors: Takey J. , Nishikaw T. , Takenobu T. , Shimotani H. , Kobayashi S. , Mitani T. , Iwasa Y. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractOrganosilane self-assembled monolayers, embedded in organic single-crystal field-effect transistors, significantly affect subthreshold properties in the transfer characteristics. The monolayer of either polarized or nearly unpolarized molecules is deposited on a SiO2/doped Si substrate before softly attaching a rubrene thin single crystal to form the “laminated crystal” transistors. As a result of effective passivation of the SiO2 surface, the device has achieved a subthreshold swing as low as 0.11 V/decade. It is also demonstrated that threshold gate voltage is shifted by polarization of the monolayers, indicating that threshold of the device is adjustable by the choice of silane materials. Both of the functions are closely associated with low-power applications such as logic-circuit components.
Organic Thin-Film Transistor Sensors: Interface Dependent and Gate Bias Enhanced Responses
Authors: Tanese Maria C. , Fine Daniel , Dodabalapur Ananth , Torsi Luisa 
Published: September 2016

AbstractOrganic Thin Film Transistors are a new class of sensors potentially capable of outperforming chemiresistors. They can be operated at room temperature, offer the advantage of remarkable response repeatability and can function as multi-parameter sensors. In this paper evidence of OTFT response dependence on important parameters such as the chemical nature of the organic semiconductor active layer and the gate-dielectric/organic-semiconductor interface are produced. A sizable response enhancement of an OTFT sensor operated in the enhancement mode is also presented indicating that an OTFT can in principle lead to a lower detection limit than a resistor-type sensor with the same organic semiconductor.
Optical Interference as a Tool to Describe the Spectral Changes Created by a Tunable and Controllable Excitons Confinement
Authors: Féry Christophe , Ciná Salvatore , Doyeux Henri , Geffroy Bernard , Denis Christine , Maisse Pascal 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn this paper we address the optical process occurring in a standard Alq3 based OLED device using a classical electromagnetic framework. A comprehensive comparison with experimental results is made with an excellent agreement. The insertion of a hole blocking layer (HBL) is used to confine excitons formation and relaxation within a well defined region allowing us to separate optical effects from other mechanisms. By tuning the cavity thickness, we can demonstrate destructive interference into the wavelength region corresponding to Alq3peak emission. Electroluminescence measurements in an integrating sphere further supports the idea that the interferences scheme used here describes well the optical behaviour of our samples.
Dielectric Properties of Electrostatic Self-Assembled (ESA) Films
Authors: Asmatulu Ramazan , Geist Brian , Spillman William B. , Claus Richard O. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCapacitance measurements were conducted to determine the dielectric constant of electrostatic self assembly (ESA) films over various temperature and frequency ranges at 1 mV and 15% relative humidity. Measurement electrodes were fabricated on the ESA films using silver grease and a brass bar. In these tests, polymeric nanofilms were fabricated on gold-coated glass slides using the ESA process. Thicknesses of the films were between 100 nm and 600 nm obtained by depositing different number bilayers of negatively charged Poly s-119 (PS-119) or heparin and positively charged poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA). The test results showed that dielectric constant values were around 2. Based on the test results, we concluded that this is a technique that might prove useful to estimate the capacitance and dielectric constant values of nanostructured ESA films, which can be largely used in the near future.
Transverse Electrical Transport in Pentacene Photodiodes
Authors: Voz Cristobal , Puigdollers Joaquim , Fonrodona Marta , Martin Isidro , Orpell Albert , Vetter Michael , Fabregat Francisco , Garcia Germa , Bisquert Juan , Alcubilla Ramon 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe microstructure of pentacene thin films deposited by thermal evaporation is studied by X-ray diffraction. The transmittance of these films evidences different molecular orbital levels and their related excitonic states. Pentacene photodiodes have been also fabricated on ITO-coated glass substrates with aluminium top electrodes. The current voltage characteristics of such devices are discussed paying special attention to the strongly marked space-charge limited regime. This has been related to trapping in an exponential distribution of localised states in the gap of pentacene. The analysis of the characteristic offers valuable information about such distribution of traps. Finally, the external-quantum-efficiency of these photodiodes shows antibatic features, which evidence the importance of excitonic states in the photovoltaic conversion in pentacene.
Dual-Gate SiO2/P3HT/SiNx OTFT
Authors: Li Flora , Koul Sarswati , Vygranenko Yuri , Servati Peyman , Nathan Arokia 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis paper reports on a new organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) based on a dual-gate configuration. This dual-gate OTFT is useful in circuit applications from the standpoint of providing control over selected device parameters for enhanced circuit reliability. Moreover, the dual-gate structure can shield parasitic effects in vertically integrated electronics, making it particularly promising for active matrix display and imaging applications. The dual-gate OTFT also lends itself as a highly functional test structure for characterization of interface integrity of the active organic and dielectric layers. In this work, the dual-gate OTFT is fabricated using regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as the organic semiconductor layer. The bottom-gate employs silicon dioxide (SiO2) as the gate dielectric, whereas the top-gate employs a low-temperature amorphous silicon nitride (SiNx) as the passivation dielectric. The voltage on the bottom-gate has a distinct influence on the threshold voltage, subthreshold slope, on-current, and leakage current of the top-gate TFT. Similar dependence of the bottom-gate TFT characteristics on the top-gate voltage is observed. This design provides a means of characterizing the density of states of the bottom P3HT/SiO2 and top P3HT/SiNx interfaces, and conveys insight into the underlying transport mechanisms. The ability to control selected TFT parameters (e.g., threshold voltage) using the dual-gate OTFT structure is attractive for circuit integration applications in active matrix displays and imagers.
Electrical Properties of ITO/CdSe/P3OT/Metal Heterojunction
Authors: Salinas Oscar H. , Hu Hailin , Nicho-Díaz Ma.Elena , López-Mata Cecilia , Gomez-Daza Oscar 
Published: September 2016

AbstractConducting polymer based heterojunctions have been intensively studied because of prominent application in photovoltaic solar cells. It is reported in this work the formation, environmental conditions, of hybrid heterojunctions of cadmium selenide (CdSe) poly 30 ctylthiophene (P3OT) by casting a chemically synthesized P3OT solution onto chemical bath deposited (CBD) or screen-printed (SP) CdSe coatings. By using ITO as contact and gold (Au), silver (Ag) or copper (Cu) as metal contact, the electrical properties CdSe–P3OT heterojunctions were studied at room temperature under environmental conditions. In the case of Au contact, the curves of current density (J) vs. applied potential (V) of both (SP) and CdSe (CBD) coatings indicate that the contacts are quasi ohmic. However, with same metal contact the electrical behavior of CdSe (SP)-doped P3OT heterojunction rectifying and the rectification ratio increases as the weight percentage of P3OT increases in heterojunction structure. Furthermore, a small photovoltage (39 mV) was observed in the hybrid structure for Cu contact. On the other hand, for a CdSe (CBD)-pristine heterojunction Au contact gives an ohmic behavior, but rectifying J-V curves are found with contact.
Dielectrics for Organic Transistors with Low Threshold Voltage
Authors: Brill Jochen , Goettling Silke , Balbás Eduardo Margallo 
Published: September 2016

AbstractOrganic thin film transistors for display applications are investigated. Different dielectric materials – inorganic and organic – have been studied with respect to their electrical performance It was found that anodic oxidation is an excellent process to achieve smooth high-k dielectrics with high breakthrough field strength. With the proposed electrolyte electrical properties were further improved. The alignment of pentacene on different insulators as well as transistors characteristics is presented.
Special Issue on the Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster: Part V
Authors: Takiguchi Katsuki ,   Professor Emeritus, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
Published: September 2016

Journal of Disaster Research (JDR) published its first issue in August, 2006. Since then, we have published six issues a year on a bimonthly basis. JDR is an academic journal aimed at bringing a broad, comprehensive discussion to the subject of disasters, and thus contributing to the field of disaster prevention and reduction.
Its comprehensive coverage harbors the risk of becoming unfocussed or fostering unsubstantiated conclusions. At JDR, we have dealt with this risk by making most issues special feature issues, and inviting specialists in the relevant fields as guest editors.
The Great East Japan Earthquake occurred on March, 2011, five years after our first issue was published. It was a Mw9.0 earthquake that occurred off the Pacific coast of the Tohoku region. The earthquake triggered a tsunami which produced huge casualties, amounting to over 18,000 dead or missing persons. The disaster was accompanied by a nuclear plant accident, an unprecedented event in mankind’s history. The catastrophic accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, operated by Tokyo Electric Company, resulted in core meltdown and the release of radioactive material.
At JDR, we considered it our responsibility to publish, apart from our regular issues, special issues on the Great East Japan Earthquake consisting of five yearly issues beginning with the first issue in 2012. This issue, Part 5, is the final issue. We would like to thank all of the authors who submitted articles for the five special issues, the reviewers, and many others who contributed. The special issues project on the Great East Japan Earthquake will be passed down to a special issue on the 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes occurred on April, 2016 in Kumamoto, Japan.
Co-Editors:
Suminao Murakami (Editor-in-Chief; Representative, Laboratory of Urban Safety Planning, Japan)
Haruo Hayashi (Editor-in-Chief; President, National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention, Japan)
Hideaki Karaki (President, Foundation of Food Safety and Security, Japan)
PERLAKUAN BENIH AIR PANAS, EKSTRAK MIMBA DAN JARAK KEPYAR UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN NEMATODA (Meloidogyne spp.) TERBAWA RIMPANG JAHE
Authors: Djiwanti Setyowati Retno 
Published: September 2016

<p class="IsiabstrakIndonesia">Benih rimpang jahe dapat membawa organisme pengganggu tanaman berbahaya seperti nematoda buncak akar, <em>Meloidogyne</em> spp. Tujuan penelitian adalah menguji pengaruh metode perlakuan benih dalam menekan serangan nematoda terbawa rimpang jahe<em> Meloidogyne</em> spp. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, Bogor sejak 2005 sampai 2006. Rimpang jahe terinfeksi <em>Meloidogyne</em> spp. dicuci bersih, dipotong seberat 30-40 g, kemudian diberi perlakuan (1) perendaman dalam air panas (40°C selama 20 menit dan 50°C selama 10 menit), (2) perendaman dalam larutan ekstrak nabati mimba (2,5 dan 7,5%) dan jarak (2,5 dan 7,5%), (3) perendaman dalam larutan kimia karbosulfan EC (2 ml l<sup>-1</sup> air), (4) pelapisan dengan tepung kimia karbosulfan ST (20 g kg<sup>-1</sup> rimpang) dan (5) direndam air selama dua jam (kontrol). Rimpang setelah diperlakukan, ditanam dalam polibag berisi media tanah steril di rumah kaca. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 10 ulangan. Pertumbuhan tanaman dan populasi nematoda diamati setelah jahe berumur empat bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan air panas 50°C selama 10 menit paling baik dalam menekan populasi nematoda sebesar 80,86%, diikuti perlakuan perendaman dalam larutan 2,5% ekstrak mimba (25,24%) dan pelapisan dengan tepung karbosulfan ST (23,66%). Perlakuan benih yang diuji umumnya tidak menekan pertumbuhan tanaman. Parameter tingkat populasi nematoda (dalam akar, rimpang dan tanah) lebih sensitif untuk merefleksikan keefektifan suatu perlakuan benih rimpang jahe dibandingkan parameter indeks buncak. Pada perlakuan benih terbaik yaitu air panas 50<sup>0</sup>C selama 10 menit, penekanan populasi nematoda menghasilkan nilai yang signifikan dibandingkan penekanan indeks buncak pada akar dan rimpang.</p>
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN KAPUR DAN KOMPOS TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI JAHE PUTIH BESAR PADA TANAH PODSOLIK MERAH KUNING
Authors: Burhanuddin NFN , Yudarfis NFN , Idris Herwita 
Published: September 2016

<p class="IsiabstrakIndonesia">Produktivitas tanaman jahe (<em>Zingiber officinale)</em> di Indonesia umumnya masih rendah, ini disebabkan beberapa faktor antara lain karena pemupukan yang kurang optimal, kondisi lingkungan tumbuh, baik iklim maupun kesuburan tanah, serta teknik budidaya belum mengacu kepada teknik budidaya anjuran. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian kapur dan kompos terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman jahe (<em>Z. officinale)</em> pada tanah Podsolik Merah Kuning. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balittro Laing Solok, Sumatera Barat sejak Maret sampai Desember 2014. Perlakuan disusun dengan rancangan acak kelompok dalam pola faktorial tiga ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah penggunaan kapur (0; 100; dan 200 g lubang tanam<sup>-</sup>¹) sebagai faktor ke 1, kompos (0; 1; 2 dan 3 kg lubang tanam<sup>-</sup>¹) sebagai faktor ke 2, varietas jahe putih besar yang digunakan berasal dari kebun petani. Parameter yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, panjang daun, lebar daun dan bobot rimpang rumpun<em><sup>-1</sup></em>. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian kapur 200 g yang dikombinasikan dengan kompos 2 kg lubang<em><sup>-1</sup></em> menghasilkan pertumbuhan tanaman yang terbaik, dengan tinggi tanaman 66,20 cm, jumlah anakan 9,96 buah, panjang daun 22,31 cm, lebar daun 3,13 cm dengan bobot rimpang segar 541,50 g rumpun<sup>-</sup>¹, sedangkan pertumbuhan terendah terdapat pada perlakuan tanpa kapur dan kompos (tinggi tanaman 31,12 cm, jumlah anakan 3,38 buah, panjang daun 13,36 cm, lebar daun 2,12 cm dan rimpang segar 130,83 g rumpun<sup>-1</sup> ).</p>
PENGARUH MINYAK ATSIRI TERHADAP MORTALITAS DAN PENGHAMBATAN PENELURAN Crocidolomia Pavonana F
Authors: Balfas Rodiah , Mardiningsih Tri Lestari 
Published: September 2016

<p class="IsiabstrakIndonesia">Kubis, brokoli, dan bunga kol merupakan tanaman sayuran yang cukup penting, termasuk dalam famili Brassicaceae. Kendala utama dalam budidaya tanaman tersebut adalah serangan hama <em>Crocidolomia pavonana</em>. Minyak atsiri merupakan salah satu produk tanaman yang dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif pengendalian organisme pengganggu tumbuhan. Penelitian telah dilakukan di Rumah Kaca Kelompok Peneliti Proteksi Tanaman Balittro, sejak Maret sampai Desember 2014. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh minyak atsiri terhadap mortalitas telur, larva dan imago <em>C. pavonana</em>. Minyak atsiri yang diuji adalah minyak babadotan, cengkeh, laja gowah, seraidapur, seraiwangi, dan temulawak, masing-masing pada konsentrasi 0,5%. Selain itu, digunakan mimba sebagai pembanding. Pengujian ovisidal dilakukan dengan mencelupkan telur dalam masing-masing larutan uji. Untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap larva (larvasidal) telah dilakukan aplikasi bahan-bahan tersebut pada larva dan daun brokoli. Penelitian penghambatan peneluran dilakukan dengan menyemprotkan larutan ini pada tanaman, dikeringanginkan kemudian tanaman dikurung, dan serangga dewasa dimasukkan ke dalam kurungan. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap penetasan telur dan mortalitas larva serta jumlah kelompok telur yang diletakkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan minyak seraidapur dan temulawak bersifat toksik terhadap telur. Minyak babadotan, mimba, dan seraiwangi yang diaplikasikan pada daun, mengakibatkan mortalitas larva lebih dari 90% tetapi, pada aplikasi langsung pada larva, mortalitas tertinggi berkisar antara 28% pada perlakuan mimba dan seraiwangi. Minyak babadotan, seraidapur, dan seraiwangi serta mimba memberikan pengaruh yang sama terhadap penghambatan peneluran pada 96 jam setelah aplikasi. Pengaruh terhadap peneluran juga terlihat pada perlakuan minyak temulawak yang telah diformulasikan. Minyak seraiwangi, seraidapur, babadotan, dan mimba serta temulawak berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai insektisida nabati untuk mengendalikan <em>C. pavonana</em>.</p>