bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative cranial ontogeny of Tapirus (Mammalia: Perissodactyla: Tapiridae)
Authors: Moyano S. Rocio , Giannini Norberto P. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSkull morphology in tapirs is particularly interesting due to the presence of a proboscis with important trophic, sensory and behavioral functions. Several studies have dealt with tapir skull osteology but chiefly in a comparative framework between fossil and recent species of tapirs. Only one study examined an aspect of cranial ontogeny, development of the sagittal crest (Holbrook. J Zool Soc Lond 2002; 256; 215). Our goal is to describe in detail the morphological changes that occur during the postnatal ontogeny of the skull in two representative tapir species, Tapirus terrestris and Tapirus indicus, and to explore possible functional consequences of their developmental trajectories. We compared qualitative features of the skull on a growth series of 46 specimens of T. terrestris ordered on the basis of the sequence of eruption and tooth wear, dividing the sample into three age classes: class Y (very young juvenile), class J (from young juvenile to young adult) and class A (full and old adult). The qualitative morphological analysis consisted of describing changes in the series in each skull bone and major skull structure, including the type and degree of transformation (e.g. appearance, fusion) of cranial features (e.g. processes, foramina) and articulations (sutures, synchondroses, and synovial joints). We then measured 23 cranial variables in 46 specimens of T. terrestris that included the entire ontogenetic series from newborn to old adults. We applied statistical multivariate techniques to describe allometric growth, and compared the results with the allometric trends calculated for a sample of 25 specimens of T. indicus. Results show that the skull structure was largely conserved throughout the postnatal ontogeny in T. terrestris, so class Y was remarkably similar to class A in overall shape, with the most significant changes localized in the masticatory apparatus, specifically the maxillary tuber as a support of the large‐sized permanent postcanine dentition, and correlated changes in diastemata, mandibular body, and sagittal and nuchal crests. In the nasal region, ontogenetic remodeling affected the space for the meatal diverticulum and the surfaces for the origin of the proboscis musculature. Overall, ontogenetic trajectories exhibited more negative allometric components in T. indicus than in T. terrestris, and they shared 47.83% of allometric trends. Tapirus indicus differed most significantly from T. terrestris in the allometry of postcanine toothrows, diastemata and mandibular body. Thus, some allometric trends seem to be highly conserved among the species studied, and the changes observed showed a strong functional and likely adaptive basis in this lineage of ungulates.
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the scalp extending to the skull: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Handler Marc Z , Goldberg David J 
Published: July 2017

SummarySquamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the scalp has increased prevalence in older patients and often presents later in life. Mohs micrographic surgery remains the most effective treatment in most cases. Delayed presentation may result in localized bony invasion or distant metastases. We present a case of an elderly woman presenting with extension of SCC into the parietal bone of the skull.
Hypoxia: Animal experiments and clinical implications
Authors: Kawagoe Yasuyuki , Sameshima Hiroshi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe developing fetus has some unique physiological properties that differ from properties in extra‐uterine life. The fetus exists in a hypoxemic condition as a result of the presence of the placenta, which serves as a limiting interface between maternal and fetal circulation. In addition, the fetus is prone to be exposed to uterine contractions, which place it under a further hypoxic burden. Thus, the fetal response to hypoxic insults is important. There has been marked progression in the understanding of fetal physiology since the introduction of the ‘chronic preparation model’. Based upon information from animal research, we now utilize medical technologies in daily medical care, for example, fetal heart rate monitoring and high‐resolution ultrasonographic devices. In this review, we discuss the main findings in relation to fetal physiology and their clinical relevance.
Factors associated with the severity of premenstrual syndrome among Iranian college students
Authors: Farahmand Maryam , Ramezani Tehrani Fahimeh , Khalili Davood , Amin Gholamreza , Negarandeh Reza 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimPremenstrual syndrome (PMS) is characterized by physical, cognitive, and behavioral symptoms that occur cyclically, from several days to 2 weeks before menses, which resolve either quickly or during the early days of menstruation. The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with the severity of PMS in Iranian college students.MethodsThe cross‐sectional study was performed among 298 college students (aged 18–35 years) with PMS, of whom, 271 college students completed the Iranian version of the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool questionnaire to determine the severity of PMS. Factors associated with PMS severity were identified using linear regression analysis with a stepwise method.ResultsFactors associated with severity of PMS were age (years), family income (low vs high income), marital status (unmarried vs married), and familial history of dysmenorrhea or PMS after adjustment for dysmenorrheal severity with β (95% confidence interval) of 0.31 (0.45–0.57), 11.6 (1.2–23.54), 3.2 (0.4–5.2), and 2.22 (0.04–4.4), respectively.ConclusionIn this study, factors associated with severity of PMS were age, marital status, family income, and familial history of PMS. We observed that some outcomes were consistent with some previously reported results, which indicates the need for further studies.
Mental Well‐Being Differences in Cohabitation and Marriage: The Role of Childhood Selection
Authors: Perelli‐Harris Brienna , Styrc Marta 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPrior studies have found that marriage benefits well‐being, but cohabitation may provide similar benefits. An analysis of the British Cohort Study 1970, a prospective survey following respondents to age 42, examines whether partnerships in general, and marriage in particular, influence mental well‐being in midlife. Propensity score matching indicates whether childhood characteristics are a sufficient source of selection to eliminate differences in well‐being between those living with and without a partner and those cohabitating and married. The results indicate that matching on childhood characteristics does not eliminate advantages to living with a partner; however, matching eliminates differences between marriage and cohabitation for men and women more likely to marry. On the other hand, marriage may provide benefits to women less likely to marry unless they have shared children and are in long‐lasting partnerships. Hence, childhood selection attenuates differences between cohabitation and marriage, except for women less likely to marry.
Validation of the albumin‐bilirubin grade‐based integrated model as a predictor for sorafenib‐failed hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lee Pei‐Chang , Chen Yi‐Tzen , Chao Yee , Huo Teh‐Ia , Li Chung‐Pin , Su Chien‐Wei , Lee Mei‐Hsuan , Hou Ming‐Chih , Lee Fa‐Yauh , Lin Han‐Chieh , Huang Yi‐Hsiang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackground & AimsSorafenib is the standard treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) but is challenging after treatment failure. Appropriate criteria for enrolling patients into second‐line trials are still limited. In this study, we aimed to establish more objective criteria based on Albumin‐Bilirubin (ALBI) grade to select patients with better post‐progression survival (PPS) for second‐line treatment.MethodsConsecutive 404 advanced HCC patients receiving sorafenib were retrospectively enrolled. All patients were in Child‐Pugh class A and BCLC stage C with either portal vein invasion or extrahepatic metastasis at the beginning of sorafenib treatment. Radiological evaluation based on mRECIST criteria and clinical assessments with compliance were performed on schedule.ResultsDuring the median follow‐up period of 5.8 months, 310 patients developed progressive disease (PD) and 350 deaths occurred. The PD patients were randomized into derivation and validation cohorts by a 1:1 ratio. The independent predictors of poor PPS in derivation cohort were ALBI grade 3 at PD (hazard ratio [HR]=3.24, P = .002), new extrahepatic lesions (NEH) (HR=1.75, P = .011), and early PD within 4 months (HR=1.88, P = .037). ALBI‐PD criteria were proposed by incorporating these three risk factors. In the validation cohort, PPS could be independently predicted by presence of early PD, NEH as well as ALBI grade 3 at PD. Patients within ALBI‐PD criteria had significant longer median PPS than those beyond it even in Child‐Pugh A (9.7 vs 4.9 months, P = .005) subpopulations.ConclusionsThe ALBI‐PD criteria can differentiate PPS and stratify the patients with advanced HCC for the second‐line trials or salvage therapy.
Shock fabrics in fine‐grained micrometeorites
Authors: Suttle M. D. , Genge M. J. , Russell S. S. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe orientations of dehydration cracks and fracture networks in fine‐grained, unmelted micrometeorites were analyzed using rose diagrams and entropy calculations. As cracks exploit pre‐existing anisotropies, analysis of their orientation provides a mechanism with which to study the subtle petrofabrics preserved within fine‐grained and amorphous materials. Both uniaxial and biaxial fabrics are discovered, often with a relatively wide spread in orientations (40°–60°). Brittle deformation cataclasis and rotated olivine grains are reported from a single micrometeorite. This paper provides the first evidence for impact‐induced shock deformation in fine‐grained micrometeorites. The presence of pervasive, low‐grade shock features in CM chondrites and CM‐like dust, anomalously low‐density measurements for C‐type asteroids, and impact experiments which suggest CM chondrites are highly prone to disruption all imply that CM parent bodies are unlikely to have remained intact and instead exist as a collection of loosely aggregated rubble‐pile asteroids, composed of primitive shocked clasts.
Invasive fungal infection following chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukaemia—Experience from a developing country
Authors: Korula Anu , Abraham Aby , Abubacker Fouzia N. , Viswabandya Auro , Lakshmi Kavitha M. , Abraham O. C. , Rupali Priscilla , Varghese George M. , Michael Joy S. , Srivastava Alok , Mathews Vikram , George Biju 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThe incidence of invasive fungal infections (IFI) is believed to be higher in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) undergoing chemotherapy in non‐HEPA‐filtered rooms. The aim of this study is to review the incidence of IFI in a large cohort of patients with AML treated at a single centre in India. Two hundred and twenty‐two patients with AML treated with either induction chemotherapy or salvage chemotherapy between 2008 and 2013 were studied retrospectively. IFI was defined as per the revised EORTC‐MSG criteria. Data on type of chemotherapy, prophylactic strategies, engraftment (ANC>500), the presence of IFI and survival were collected. IFI was diagnosed in 86 patients (38.7%) with proven IFI in 12 (5.4%). Use of posaconazole prophylaxis (P=.001) was the only factor associated with reduced incidence of IFI. Survival in patients with proven IFI was lower than those without proven IFI, but not statistically significant (59.4% vs 78.5%; P=.139). There is a high incidence of IFI during induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukaemia in developing countries. Posaconazole prophylaxis was associated with a significantly lower incidence of IFI. Optimal yet cost‐effective strategies for prevention and early diagnosis of IFI are required to improve survival in patients undergoing chemotherapy for AML.
Evaluating the efficacy of pentoxifylline in the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu J , Chen F , Wei Z , Qiu M , Li Z , Dan H , Chen Q , Jiang L 
Published: July 2017

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), a potentially malignant oral cavity disorder that causes speech and mastication problems, lacks an established treatment regimen; moreover, no treatment can effectively reverse the course of OSMF. A meta‐analysis was conducted to investigate the efficacy of the peripheral vasodilator, pentoxifylline, in the treatment of OSMF. We searched five different databases for studies meeting our eligibility criteria (up to June 30, 2017). Statistical analyses were performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Three randomized controlled trials (247 OSMF patients) were selected. Pentoxifylline increased the objective sign maximal mouth opening (MMO; WMD: −4.59, 95% CI: −8.65, −0.53; p < 0.05) following short‐term (under 1 month; WMD: −1.94, 95% CI: −3.12, −0.77; p < 0.05) and long‐term (over 1 month; WMD: −5.44, 95% CI: −6.81, −4.07; p < 0.05) application. Pentoxifylline improved the subjective symptom burning sensation (WMD: −0.11, 95% CI: −0.17, −0.05; p < 0.05) only following long‐term application (WMD: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.18, 0.96; p < 0.05). The efficacy on MMO and burning sensation increased with time. Although OSMF lacks definitive treatment modalities, our meta‐analysis shows that pentoxifylline effectively improves the objective signs and subjective symptoms of OSMF and its therapeutic efficacy increases with time.
Intraoperative hemodynamic factors predicting early postoperative renal function in pediatric kidney transplantation
Authors: Michelet Daphné , Brasher Christopher , Marsac Lucile , Zanoun Nabil , Assefi Mona , Elghoneimi Alaa , Dauger Stephane , Dahmani Souhayl 
Published: July 2017

SummaryBackgroundThe anesthetic management of kidney transplantation in children remains somewhat empirical. The goal of the present study was to investigate intraoperative hemodynamic factors affecting posttransplantation kidney function.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of data from patients undergoing kidney transplantation in our pediatric teaching hospital from 2000 to 2014. Data collected included: donor and recipient demographic data, recipient comorbidities, fluids administered intraoperatively, and intraoperative blood pressure and central venous pressure. The main outcome of the study was the creatinine clearance at day 1 corrected to a body surface area of 1.73 m². Analysis was performed using Classification Tree Analysis with 10‐fold cross‐validation.ResultsOne hundred and two patients were included. The following predictors of increased postoperative creatinine clearance at day 1 were identified: decreasing recipient weight, mean blood pressure‐to‐weight ratio 10 minutes after reperfusion, reduced cold ischemia duration, and increased intraoperative albumin infusion. Increased creatinine clearance was observed when mean blood pressure‐to‐weight ratio 10 minutes after reperfusion was ≥4.3 in patients weighing 13‐21 kg and ≥2.5 in those ≥22 kg. Overall, the model explained 64% (and at cross‐validation 60%) of creatinine clearance variability at day 1.ConclusionIntraoperative hemodynamics during kidney transplantation should be optimized in order to increase mean blood pressure according to values indicated by our analyses. Cold ischemia duration should be shortened as far as possible.
Position and relative size of the vertebral artery according to age: Implications for internal jugular vein access
Authors: Jung Chul‐Woo , Jalilov Gulomjon , Song In‐Kyung , Kim Eun‐Hee , Kim Hee‐Soo , Kim Jin‐Tae , Lee Ji‐Hyun 
Published: July 2017

SummaryAimThe purpose of this retrospective observational study was to investigate the anatomical characteristics of the vertebral artery in pediatric patients using computed tomography images.MethodsWe evaluated anatomical characteristics of the right and left vertebral artery at the cricoid level and at a lower level, which was mid‐level between the cricoid cartilage and the origin of vertebral artery from the subclavian artery. At each level, the cross‐sectional areas of the vertebral artery and internal jugular vein, the relative size of vertebral artery to internal jugular vein, the minimum distance between them, and the extent of overlap between them were investigated.ResultsAccording to the chest computed tomography images of 344 patients, the sizes of internal jugular vein and vertebral artery were found to increase with age. On the other hand, the relative size of the vertebral artery to internal jugular vein was found to increase conversely with decreasing age. The distance between the vertebral artery and internal jugular vein increased with age at both sides and levels. The vertebral artery was mostly located at the medial side of the internal jugular vein, and overlapped with the internal jugular vein in at least 54% of the patients at the cricoid level and in 74% at the lower level.ConclusionThe theoretical risk of vertebral artery puncture is higher in younger children during internal jugular vein catheterization.
Exteroceptive stimuli override interoceptive state in reaction time control
Authors: Yang Xiao , Jennings J. Richard , Friedman Bruce H. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe processing of reaction time (RT) stimulus is modulated by its timing relative to the cardiac cycle. RT stimulus processing is also influenced by task‐irrelevant stimuli: a sensory stimulus speeds RT when it accompanies a cue to react in another sensory modality. Different theories have been proposed to explain this accessory stimulus effect (ASE). However, it is unclear whether the ASE interacts with the cardiac timing effect. In the present study, the relationship of the ASE, cardiac timing, and stimulus valence was examined. Fifty‐two subjects performed 400 trials of a simple RT task. Images of neutral and fear faces served as visual accessory stimuli; the RT stimulus was a 75 dB tone. Electrocardiography was recorded. Visual and auditory stimuli were presented at either cardiac systole or diastole. The stimulus onset asynchrony between visual and auditory stimuli was either 0 or 75 ms. Repeated measures ANOVAs showed that cardiac timing modulated RT, but only when accessory stimuli were absent. RT was shorter when the accessory stimulus preceded the imperative stimulus with respect to simultaneous presentation. The ASE was not influenced by visual stimulus valence or cardiac timing. Results indicate that the ASE overrides cardiac timing effects, suggesting a dynamic balance between exteroceptive stimuli and interoceptive states, and highlight the importance of embodied information processing.
A relational study of the Black middle classes and globalised White hegemony: Identities, interactions, and ideologies in the United States, United Kingdom, and South Africa
Authors: Meghji Ali 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this paper, I explore the experiences of the Black middle classes across the United States, United Kingdom (UK), and South Africa. I argue that the similar experiences the Black middle classes face across these nations are not coincidental but represent the process of globalised White hegemony. Globalised White hegemony refers to how the middle class, transnationally, is often understood as a symbolic category informed by specific White norms, identifications, and practices. I explore globalised White hegemony through three areas of Black middle‐class experience: identity, interactions, and ideologies. Thus, I examine how across the UK, United States, and South Africa, the Black middle classes construct public identities according to White norms, encounter interactions through which their blackness negatively trumps their middle‐class status, and confront classed‐racialised ideologies, which construe the Black middle class as inauthentic. I argue in this paper that central to fleshing out the similarities in Black middle‐class experiences across the globe is engaging in relational sociology, which stresses the globalised nature of contemporary raciality.
Electrochemical disinfection of repeatedly recycled blackwater in a free‐standing, additive‐free toilet
Authors: Hawkins Brian T. , Sellgren Katelyn L. , Klem Ethan J. D. , Piascik Jeffrey R. , Stoner Brian R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDecentralized, energy‐efficient waste water treatment technologies enabling water reuse are needed to sustainably address sanitation needs in water‐ and energy‐scarce environments. Here, we describe the effects of repeated recycling of disinfected blackwater (as flush liquid) on the energy required to achieve full disinfection with an electrochemical process in a prototype toilet system. The recycled liquid rapidly reached a steady state with total solids reliably ranging between 0.50 and 0.65% and conductivity between 20 and 23 mS/cm through many flush cycles over 15 weeks. The increase in accumulated solids was associated with increased energy demand and wide variation in the free chlorine contact time required to achieve complete disinfection. Further studies on the system at steady state revealed that running at higher voltage modestly improves energy efficiency, and established running parameters that reliably achieve disinfection at fixed run times. These results will guide prototype testing in the field.
Reuse of treated municipal wastewater in irrigation: a case study from Lebanon and Jordan
Authors: Mcheik Majida , Toufaily Joumana , Haj Hassan Bachar , Hamieh Tayssir , Abi Saab Marie Therese , Rouphael Youssef , Ferracin Enrico , da shio Berardo , Bashabshah Ibrahim , Al Hadidi Luna 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this study, we present the results of scenarios where secondary‐treated municipal wastewater was used for table grapes irrigation in the region of Ablah, Bekaa valley in Lebanon, and fodder crops irrigation (vetch and barley) in the region of Ramtha in Jordan. In Lebanon, we carried out experiments to assess the response of drip‐irrigated table grapes grown under two water quality regimes (Freshwater (FW) and treated wastewater (TW) and two water levels (100% of evapotranspiration (ETc) and 75% of ETc). While in Jordan, we carried out experiments to assess the response of drip‐irrigated fodder crops considering 4 irrigation levels (Q1: Rain fed; Q2: 80% of ETc; Q3: 100% of ETc; Q4: 120% of ETc) and three crop patterns (C1: Barley 100%; C2: Vetch 100%; C3: Mix 50% barley and 50% vetch). Based on the production and quality components, table grapes were successfully grown on plots that are supplied with TW. Fodder crops were successfully grown using TW with remarkable increase in biomass and grain yield production for the irrigated treatments.
Analysis of microbiota in rhizosphere, water and gut of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) in ponds treated with artificial floating beds
Authors: Li Jian , Hu Jun , Wu Kang , Chen Yuanyuan , Wang Li , Zhang Xuezhen 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWith the increasing demand for environment friendly aquaculture, artificial floating beds have been now widely applied. However, there are few data available on the effect on microbiota in ponds. This study assessed the rhizobacteria community of artificial floating beds with three different kinds of aquatic plants [water spinach (Ipomoea aquatic), water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides)]. We used Polymerase Chain Reaction‐Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis to assess whether artificial floating beds would result in changes in microbiota of pond water and gut of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The results showed that there existed no significant differences in rhizobacterial composition, and artificial floating beds would not greatly affect the microbiota of pond water. The dominant microbiota in the guts of grass carp changed from Aeromonas jandaei to Paenibacillus sp. Our results indicated that artificial floating beds may serve as a candidate of modulating fish gut microbiota.