bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iron acquisition and siderophore production in the fish pathogen Renibacterium salmoninarum
Authors: Bethke J , Poblete‐Morales M , Irgang R , Yáñez A , Avendaño‐Herrera R 
Published: January 2016

AbstractRenibacterium salmoninarum is the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease, which significantly affects salmonid farming worldwide. Despite this impact, there is scarce data on its iron uptake ability, a factor of pathogenesis. This study investigated the iron acquisition mechanisms of R. salmoninarum and its capacity to uptake iron from different sources. Thirty‐two Chilean isolates and the DSM20767T type strain grew in the presence of 2,2′‐Dipyridyl at varying concentrations (250–330 μm), and all isolates positively reacted on chrome azurol S agar. Subsequently, inocula of four Chilean isolates and the type strain were prepared with or without 200 μm of 2,2′‐Dipyridyl for uptake assays. Assay results revealed differences between the isolates in terms of iron acquisition. While a prior iron‐limited environment was, for most isolates, not required to activate the uptake of iron (II) sulphate, ammonium iron (III) citrate or iron (III) chloride at higher concentrations (100 μm), it did facilitate growth at lower iron concentrations (10 μm and 1 μm). An exception was the H‐2 isolate, which only grew with 100 μm of iron sulphide. In turn, 100 μm of haemin was toxic when isolates were grown in normal KDM‐2. In silico R. salmoninarumATCC 33209T genome analysis detected various genes coding iron uptake‐related proteins. This is the first study indicating two iron acquisition systems in R. salmoninarum: one involving siderophores and another involving haem group utilization. These data represent a first step towards fully elucidating this virulence factor in the pathogenic R. salmoninarum.
Changes in decision‐making among Italian nurses and nursing students over the last 15 years
Authors: Canova Cristina , Brogiato Giorgio , Roveron Gabriele , Zanotti Renzo 
Published: January 2016

Aims and objectivesThe study aimed at identifying the cognitive strategies used by nurses and nursing students in using information for clinical decision‐making and comparing such abilities retrospectively, over the past 15 years.BackgroundWithin the context of Italian healthcare professions, a process of cultural role development has been ongoing for several years, in the wake of normative and institutional changes. However, the ability to use information for clinical nursing decision‐making has been little studied.DesignThree independent observational studies, with convenience samples of Italian clinical nurses and nursing students recruited at three time‐points (1997, 2007, 2012).MethodsThe total sample consisted of 2855 subjects (1406 Nurses and 1449 Nursing Students). Nurses from various clinical realities were subdivided into two classes (less or more than 10 years of experience). Data were collected according to Jenkins' ‘Clinical Decision Making in Nursing Scale’.ResultsA trend of decreasing skills in information strategies emerged in both nurses and nursing students from 1997–2012. All subjects totalled values in the lowest class (0–130) of the Clinical Decision Making in Nursing Scale of final scoring. Particularly evident were the decreased scores for nursing students from 1997 to 2007–2012. Comparing nurses with nursing students, the former had significantly higher scores. Comparing experienced nurses with novices, the former again had significantly higher scores. Interestingly, in 1997, nursing students had higher scores than nurses, although this result was not confirmed for the other 2 years.ConclusionsResults showed consistently decreased competence in the use of information skills, particularly among nursing students.Relevance to clinical practiceAll transformations in training in university‐level teaching of nursing show that decision‐making skills are continually and significantly worsening. These results are of special interest in view of changes in professional and educational systems.
Lesbian, gay and bisexual college student perspectives on disparities in weight‐related behaviours and body image: a qualitative analysis
Authors: VanKim Nicole A , Porta Carolyn M , Eisenberg Marla E , Neumark‐Sztainer Dianne , Laska Melissa N 
Published: January 2016

Aims and objectivesTo (1) explore college students' perceived sexual orientation‐related barriers to engaging in physical activity, eating healthfully and maintaining healthy body images and (2) identify types of campus resources on physical activity, healthy eating and body image available to lesbian, gay and bisexual college students.BackgroundPrevious research has highlighted sexual orientation disparities in weight status, physical activity, healthy eating and body image. Despite this, little is known about the context surrounding these disparities.DesignCross‐sectional study using individual interviews.MethodsThirty (15 males, 15 females) lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer and pansexual‐identified college students, aged 18–30 years participated in the study. Quasi‐inductive coding was used to analyse transcribed interview data and an iterative coding process was used to organise data into themes.ResultsMany felt their sexual orientation helped them be physically active, engage in healthful eating habits and have a positive body image. However, sexual orientation was also identified as a stressor that adversely impacted physical activity and eating habits.ConclusionsLesbian, gay and bisexual students may have to negotiate their sexuality in ways that could adversely influence their physical activity, eating habits and body image. Both clinical and institutional interventions should be inclusive of all people, including lesbian, gay and bisexual, queer, and pansexual students. Further, tailored interventions to meet the specific health needs of sexual minority populations are needed.Relevance to clinical practiceClinicians need to understand the context in which sexual minority young adults experience health promotion messaging and programming. Clinic‐based tailored interventions are critical as part of a multi‐faceted approach in promoting physical activity and healthier eating habits for all young people, including lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer and pansexual, to more effectively address the prevention of chronic diseases.
Gaining perspective on own illness – the lived experiences of a patient education programme for women with treated coeliac disease
Authors: Ring Jacobsson Lisa , Milberg Anna , Hjelm Katarina , Friedrichsen Maria 
Published: January 2016

Aims and ObjectivesTo explore the lived experiences of women with coeliac disease after attending a patient education programme, to gain a broader perspective of its influence.BackgroundAdults, particularly women, with coeliac disease report suffering from poor well‐being and reduced quality of life in terms of health. Patient education programmes might support and encourage them in the search for possible improvements in lifestyle and in their approach to the disease.DesignA qualitative phenomenological study.MethodsPersonal narrative interviews with 14 women suffering from coeliac disease who had participated in an educational programme. Data analysis in accordance with Giorgi was performed.ResultsThe essential structure of women's lived experiences following their participation in the patient education programme was found to be an interaction with others with the same disease, which left the women feeling individually strengthened. The interaction enabled the participants to acquire a broader view of their life with coeliac disease. As a result, this realigned their sense of self in relation to their own disease.ConclusionIn coping with coeliac disease, it seems that women need interaction with others with the disease to experience togetherness within a group, get the opportunity to compare themselves with others and to exchange knowledge. The interaction appears to result in that women acquire an overview of life with the disease, develop a greater confidence and dare to try new things in life.Relevance to clinical practiceWhen designing a patient education programme it seems important to consider the needs of persons to meet others with the same disease, and to ask them about their need for knowledge, rather than simply assuming that health care professionals know what they need.
Sociodemographic and clinical factors affecting body image, sexual function and sexual satisfaction in women with breast cancer
Authors: de Morais Fernanda Dorneles , Freitas‐Junior Ruffo , Rahal Rosemar Macedo Sousa , Gonzaga Carolina Maciel Reis 
Published: January 2016

Aims and objectivesTo evaluate the effect of sociodemographic and clinical factors on body image, sexual function and sexual satisfaction in women following breast cancer treatment.BackgroundWomen with breast cancer may experience a wide range of symptoms associated with body image and sexuality that can severely affect their quality of life. Therefore, the health care professional's ability to understand the patient's complaints and her sexual history is highly relevant in specialised multidisciplinary care.DesignA cross‐sectional survey.MethodsSeventy‐seven participants were included. Body image, sexual function and sexual satisfaction were evaluated using the EORTC QLQ‐BR23 questionnaire. Results were shown as means, standard deviations, frequencies and percentages. Cronbach's alpha was calculated. Spearman's correlation test, the chi‐square test and multivariate logistic regression were used in the statistical analysis, conducted using the spss statistical software package, version 17.0.ResultsLow scores were found in the desire (34·63), frequency (32·03) and sexual satisfaction (45·91) domains, while body image scores were higher (63·57). No strong correlation was found between body image and any of the other domains. Patients without a steady partner experienced more sexual desire (p < 0·04) and more frequent sexual activity (p < 0·01). Sexual activity was also more frequent (p < 0·03) in women with a higher education level and in those using aromatase inhibitors.ConclusionsSexual function and satisfaction were affected to a greater extent than body image. No association was found between body image and sexual performance. The effect of marital status and education level on sexual function merits particular attention.Relevance to clinical practiceA well‐trained multidisciplinary team should be available to evaluate women's need for support and to provide information on the disease, its treatment and its impact on their lives and on their sexuality.
Correction for Susceptibility Distortions Increases the Performance of Arterial Spin Labeling in Patients with Cerebrovascular Disease
Authors: Madai Vince I. , Martin Steve Z. , von Samson‐Himmelstjerna Federico C. , Herzig Cornelius X. , Mutke Matthias A. , Wood Carla N. , Thamm Thoralf , Zweynert Sarah , Bauer Miriam , Hetzer Stefan , Günther Matthias , Sobesky Jan 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEArterial spin labeling (ASL) is an MRI technique to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF) without the need of exogenous contrast agents and is thus a promising alternative to the clinical standard dynamic susceptibility‐weighted contrast‐enhanced (DSC) perfusion imaging. Latest international guidelines encourage its application in the clinical setting. However, susceptibility‐induced image distortions impair ASL with fast readout modules (eg Echo Planar Imaging, EPI; gradient and spin echo, GRASE). In the present study, we investigated the benefit of a distortion correction for ASL compared to DSC.METHODSA pulsed ASL (PASL) sequence combined with a 3D‐GRASE readout at multiple inflow times (multi‐TI) was used and was corrected for susceptibility distortions using a FMRIB Software Library (FSL) implemented tool TOPUP. We performed qualitative (three expert raters) and quantitative (volume of interest [VOI]‐based) comparisons of ASL and DSC imaging in 13 patients with chronic steno‐occlusive disease.RESULTSIn the qualitative analysis, distortion correction of the images led to a strong increase in diagnostic precision of ASL compared to DSC in the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) perfusion territory, where the susceptibility artifact was most pronounced (specificity 8% vs. 75%). In the quantitative analysis, the correlation between ASL and DSC values increased for all perfusion territories with the best improvement for the ACA territory (for anterior, middle and posterior cerebral artery: ACA: rho −0.22 vs. 0.71; MCA: rho 0.58 vs. 0.76; PCA: rho 0.58 vs. 0.63).CONCLUSIONSWe showed that susceptibility distortion correction strongly improves the comparability of multi‐TI ASL 3D‐GRASE to DSC in steno‐occlusive disease. We suggest it to be implemented in ASL postprocessing routines.
First Report of Leaf Spot Disease in Angelica dahurica Caused by Phoma bellidis in China
Authors: Xu Haijiao , Cui Jianchao , Zhou Rujun , Fu Junfan , Hao Ning 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAngelica dahurica is a perennial herb belonging to the Umbelliferae family that has been used as a valuable traditional Chinese medicine. In August 2013, leaf spot disease in A. dahurica was first observed at the Medicinal Herb Garden in Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China. Morphological assessment, evaluation of culture characteristics, internal transcribed spacer and beta‐tubulin sequence analysis and pathogenicity identified the causal agent as Phoma bellidis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf spot disease in A. dahurica that was caused by P. bellidis.
Antagonistic Effects of Trichoderma harzianum Isolates against Ceratocystis radicicola: pioneering a Biocontrol Strategy against Black Scorch Disease in Date Palm Trees
Authors: Al‐Naemi Fatima A. , Ahmed Talaat A. , Nishad Resna , Radwan Osman 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDate palm is an important subsistence crop in arid regions due to its ability to grow under adverse environmental conditions such as high temperature, salinity and drought. Nevertheless, ideal conditions for its growth and production are also favourable to fungal diseases such as black scorch disease caused by Ceratocystis radicicola. The aim of this study was to develop a method of biological control through the isolation, identification and examination of the effectiveness of bioagents in controlling black scorch disease. Twenty‐five isolates of Trichoderma spp. were isolated from the rhizosphere of healthy date palm trees and morphological, microscopic and molecular approaches confirmed the identity of 11 isolates as Trichoderma harzianum species complex (THSC). In vivo study, application of both spore suspension and culture filtrates of T. harzianum decreased the size of necroses caused by C. radicicola. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed lysis of the hyphal pathogen and phialoconidia along with scattered aleurioconidia. Results from the volatile metabolic assay and SEM suggested potential roles of cell wall degradation enzymes and volatile substances produced by T. harzianum as two collective mechanisms leading to degrade the cell wall of the pathogen and inhibit fungal growth. Altogether, results from our study demonstrated the efficacy and utility of using bioagents to control black scorch disease which could improve date palm yield.
Diagnosis and management of meniscal injury in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture: a systematic literature review
Authors: McCready D. J. , Ness M. G. 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the evidence reporting the frequency and risk factors of meniscal injury in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament failure.Study DesignSystematic literature review.Materials and MethodsResearch questions were defined. An electronic database search ofPubMedandCABAbstracts was performed during November 2013. Data were extracted for study participants, design, intervention, outcome measures and results. Studies were evaluated using a validated instrument for assessing methodological quality and assigned a quality index score. A level of evidence was then assigned to each study.ResultsSixty‐two studies were identified. The median quality index score was 14 out of a possible 26. Twenty‐four studies were prospective case series, 37 retrospective case series and 1 animal research study. There were no class I or classIIstudies, 24 classIIIstudies and 38 classIVstudies.Clinical SignificanceDespite a large number of publications the quality of evidence was generally low. No one study or combination of studies provided high quality evidence to establish the true frequency or risk factors for meniscal injury in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament failure.
Texture and Microstructure of Enzyme‐Treated Chicken Breast Meat for People with Difficulties in Mastication
Authors: Takei Ryo , Hayashi Masahiro , Umene Shingo , Kobayashi Yasunori , Masunaga Hiroaki 
Published: January 2016

AbstractChanges in texture, protein content, protein composition and microstructure of enzymatically softened chicken were investigated. This chicken meat was prepared for people with difficulties in mastication. Normally cooked chicken breast (NC) and homogeneous enzyme permeation (HEP)‐treated chicken breast (HEPC) were compared in terms of firmness, fibrous texture and protein content. Protein composition and the microstructure of muscle fibers were examined by using SDS‐PAGE and electron microscope. HEPC had less firmness than 1/11 of that of NC (P < 0.001), more than 1.4 times of the protein content of restructured product and fibrous texture. HEPC had lower molecular weight due to the enzyme reaction as shown by SDS‐PAGE. The structure of myofibrils in HEPC was maintained while the microstructure of the section was sponge‐like, sparse and weak. By using the HEP method and controlling the enzyme reaction adequately, softening was attained while retaining fibrous texture of chicken.Practical ApplicationsWith these features, chicken made using the homogeneous enzyme permeation method is expected to expand the applicability of oral nutrition and help establish a new approach to nutritional management for people with difficulty masticating. This technology has already been used for food products named “iEat” (EN Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Japan), which are produced for patients with masticatory difficulties.
Differentiation of Cardiac from Noncardiac Pleural Effusions in Cats using Second‐Generation Quantitative and Point‐of‐Care NT‐proBNP Measurements
Authors: Hezzell M.J. , Rush J.E. , Humm K. , Rozanski E.A. , Sargent J. , Connolly D.J. , Boswood A. , Oyama M.A. 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundPleural effusion is a common cause of dyspnea in cats. N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) measurement, using a first‐generation quantitative ELISA, in plasma and pleural fluid differentiates cardiac from noncardiac causes of pleural effusion.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo determine whether NT‐proBNP measurements using second‐generation quantitative ELISA and point‐of‐care (POC) tests in plasma and pleural fluid distinguish cardiac from noncardiac pleural effusions and how results compare to the first‐generation ELISA.AnimalsThirty‐eight cats (US cohort) and 40 cats (UK cohort) presenting with cardiogenic or noncardiogenic pleural effusion.MethodsProspective cohort study. Twenty‐one and 17 cats in the US cohort, and 22 and 18 cats in the UK cohort were classified as having cardiac or noncardiac pleural effusion, respectively. NT‐proBNP concentrations in paired plasma and pleural fluid samples were measured using second‐generation ELISA and POC assays.ResultsThe second‐generation ELISA differentiated cardiac from noncardiac pleural effusion with good diagnostic accuracy (plasma: sensitivity, 95.2%, specificity, 82.4%; pleural fluid: sensitivity, 100%, specificity, 76.5%). NT‐proBNP concentrations were greater in pleural fluid (719 pmol/L (134–1500)) than plasma (678 pmol/L (61–1500), P = 0.003), resulting in different cut‐off values depending on the sample type. The POC test had good sensitivity (95.2%) and specificity (87.5%) when using plasma samples. In pleural fluid samples, the POC test had good sensitivity (100%) but low specificity (64.7%). Diagnostic accuracy was similar between first‐ and second‐generation ELISA assays.Conclusions and clinical importanceMeasurement of NT‐proBNP using a quantitative ELISA in plasma and pleural fluid or POC test in plasma, but not pleural fluid, distinguishes cardiac from noncardiac causes of pleural effusion in cats.
Metronidazole pharmacokinetics during rapid growth in turkeys – relation to changes in haemodynamics and drug metabolism
Authors: Świtała M. , Poźniak B. , Pasławska U. , Grabowski T. , Motykiewicz‐Pers K. , Bobrek K. 
Published: January 2016

Whereas interspecies variation in pharmacokinetics is a commonly investigated issue, variations in drug kinetics within a species are less documented. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of age‐related changes in haemodynamics on the pharmacokinetics of metronidazole (MTZ) and its hydroxy metabolite (MTZ‐OH) in turkeys.MTZwas administered intravenously and orally at a dose of 25 mg/kg. Plasma drug and metabolite concentrations were assessed by high‐performance liquid chromatography, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by noncompartmental analysis. Haemodynamic parameters (heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output) were assessed by echocardiography and extraction ratio forMTZwas calculated based on total body clearance (ClB). Between the 5th and 15th week of age, ClBofMTZdecreased from 3.6 to 1.2 mL/min/kg causing a twofold increase in the mean residence time (MRT) and elimination half‐life (T1/2el). TheMTZ‐OHproduction decreased threefold and itsMRTand T1/2elincreased. Although heart rate significantly decreased with age, cardiac output increased. Extraction ratio was low in all age groups. It is concluded that significant age‐dependent decrease in ClBofMTZin turkeys resulted from decreased perfusion of the clearing organs and their reduced metabolic capacity. This phenomenon is probably species specific and may apply to other therapeutic agents.
Development of a Model to Simulate Nitrogen Dynamics in an Integrated Shrimp–Macroalgae Culture System with Zero Water Exchange
Authors: Sánchez‐Romero Adolfo , Miranda‐Baeza Anselmo , Rivas‐Vega Martha Elisa , López‐Elías José Antonio , Martínez‐Córdova Luis Rafael , Tejeda‐Mansir Armando 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe effluents of traditional shrimp monoculture cause pollution and promote eutrophication and hypernutrification of the receiving coastal ecosystems. Integrated aquaculture and a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) have been proposed as an alternative to address these problems. In this study, we developed a dynamic model to simulate the concentration of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrite, and nitrate in an integrated culture of whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, and seaweed, Gracilaria vermiculophylla, in a recirculating and zero water exchange system, and the effect of nitrifying and heterotrophic bacteria was also included. The experiments demonstrated that a dynamic model can explain the concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and variations in these concentrations over time in the integrated culture. The results also suggest that nitrifying and heterotrophic bacteria play an important role in the transformation of dissolved nitrogenous compounds; therefore, these bacteria should be considered within the dynamics of nitrogen in integrated systems with low water exchange.