bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human resource education in the Middle East region
Authors: Dirani Khalil M. , Hamie Christine Silva 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of human resource development (HRD) education in Middle Eastern countries. In particular, the authors discuss the current state of HRD education, country readiness and challenges that hinder HRD progress in Middle Eastern countries. They argue that HRD programs need to prepare young employees for leadership roles through adapting constructivist pedagogy, including problem-solving, critical thinking and creativity.

Design/methodology/approach
The design of this paper followed a qualitative approach. The authors conducted in-depth interviews with five HRD experts in Middle Eastern countries and conducted integrative literature review and secondary data analysis.

Findings
Data analysis provided an overview of HRD education, looked at options individuals interested in HRD education might have, provided views on constructivism vs instructivism as education pedagogies and discussed cultural factors that impede critical reflection in the workplace.

Research limitations/implications
To understand how to introduce constructivist elements to instructivist learning cultures, and to sustain it, HRD scholars in the Middle Eastern countries need to diminish the misalignment between instructional philosophies of trainers, trainees and national or institutional systems.

Practical implications
Understanding how policy, resources, infrastructure and culture influence learning expectations is vital to introducing innovative training activities or scaling them up to other workshops and systems.

Originality/value
This research sheds light on HRD education in the Middle Eastern countries; provides an overview of employment challenges and opportunities to improve workplace learning; and provides scholars, practitioners and other stakeholders interested in HRD with suggestions to develop successful workforce education.
Stage-based healthy lifestyles program for non-college young adults
Authors: Walsh Jennifer , Kattelmann Kendra , White Adrienne 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to test the feasibility of implementing a healthy lifestyles intervention to maintain or achieve healthy weight for low-income young adults in vocational education.

Design/methodology/approach
Non-randomized, quasi-experimental feasibility test of a ten-week intervention with follow-up assessment designed using PRECEDE-PROCEED. A convenience sample included low-income young adults (n=165), 18-24 years recruited from two vocational training facilities. The intervention had weekly: online educational modules, targeting the non-dieting approach through healthful eating, and physical activity; and messages to promote fruit and vegetable intake, increased physical activity and stress management. Anthropometrics were measured, and an online survey on physical activity and eating behavior (e.g. self-regulation, self-instruction, emotional eating) was administered at baseline, post-, and follow-up.

Findings
At baseline, males were overweight and females were obese based on average BMI; no significant change in BMI, food intake, physical activity, or stress management were noted following the intervention. Eating behavior changed in treatment vs control group; food self-regulation was higher (p=0.025) for high use treatment group compared to the control group.

Practical implications
Lifestyle interventions are critical for low-income young adults who are overweight or obese by 18-24 years of age. Young adults who engage in such interventions can make food behavior changes that can have a mediating effect on healthy weight management. Models like PRECEDE-PROCEED are vital to success when working toward sustainable programs within communities.

Originality/value
Few healthy lifestyle programs have been reported for low-income, non-college young adults, specifically with a largely male population, and none with PRECEDE-PROCEED.
Food and nutrition education in private Indian secondary schools
Authors: Rathi Neha , Riddell Lynn , Worsley Anthony 
Published: January 2017

PurposeThe current Indian secondary school curriculum has been criticised for its failure to deliver relevant skills-based food and nutrition education for adolescents. The purpose of this paper is to understand the views of adolescents, their parents, teachers and school principals on the present food and nutrition curriculum and the role of the schools in developing food skills.Design/methodology/approachSemi-structured interviews were held with 15 students aged 14-15 years, 15 parents, 12 teachers and ten principals in ten private schools in Kolkata, India. The interview questions were primarily based on the content, merits and demerits of the curriculum. The digitally recorded data were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.FindingsAll the 52 interviewees observed that the food and nutrition curriculum created awareness in students about the importance of healthy eating. However, they also described certain weaknesses of the curriculum. These included lack of practical assignments, an out-dated and a limited curriculum, which failed to initiate critical thinking and was contradicted by sales practices in the school food environment. The interviewees prioritised the inclusion of food skills in the curriculum.Practical implicationsThe emerging evidence suggests the need for the development of a skills-focussed food and nutrition curriculum to encourage healthy eating behaviours among adolescents.Originality/valueMost of the work on food and nutrition education has come from developed nations – this is the first study in the Indian context of the secondary school food and nutrition curriculum.
Effect of nature of the game on ad-persuasion in online gaming context
Authors: Vashisht Devika , S. Sreejesh 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of nature of advergame and moderating roles of game-product congruence and need for cognition (NFC) on gamers’ ad-persuasion from attention and elaboration perspectives.

Design/methodology/approach
A 2 (nature of game: fast or slow)×2 (game-product congruence: high or low)×2 (NFC: high or low) between measures design is used. In total, 224 graduate students participated in the study. A 2×2×2 between subjects ANOVA is used to test the hypotheses.

Findings
The results show that slow-paced advergames result in high persuasion than fast-paced advergames. A 2 way-interaction indicates that for a slow-paced advergame, low game-product congruence result in high persuasion than in high game-product congruence. Furthermore, findings reveal that for a slow-paced advergame with low game-product congruence, subjects with high NFC report high persuasion than subjects with low NFC. For a fast-paced advergame with low game-product congruence, subjects with high NFC report high persuasion than subjects with low NFC.

Practical implications
The findings of the study are very important for advertising practitioners as selection of media that fit the advertised product with reference to the content of the media is a planning strategy that has been widely used by media planners. Thus, if high brand recall and recognition is the primary goal for advertisers, then, slow-paced advergames with low-congruent brand placements can be considered a better media strategy for in-game advertising. Furthermore, advertising managers can design advergames by taking into account NFC factor to make sure that the implementation has the strongest positive effect on consumers’ persuasion. Furthermore, advertising managers can design advergames by taking into account NFC factor to make sure that the implementation has the strongest positive effect on consumers’ persuasion.

Originality/value
This research contributes to the literature of non-traditional online advertising, specifically advergaming context by exploring the impact of nature of game and game-product congruence on gamers’ ad-persuasion. Also, this study is the first attempt toward understanding the moderating role of NFC on gamers’ ad-persuasion in the context of online advertising.
In the name of others: an investigation of earnings management motives in Egypt
Authors: Makhaiel Nargis , Sherer Michael 
Published: January 2017

PurposePrevious literature on earnings management (EM) indicates that managers are motivated to adjust reported income to serve their own self-interests, and to try and influence capital markets. However, previous research has failed to provide an appropriate theoretical underpinning for EM and has ignored the effect of cultural and environmental factors on shaping managers’ motivations. Therefore the purpose of this paper is to draw on interpretive methodology and new institutional sociology (NIS) theory to identify the external factors that motivate managers of Egyptian companies to use EM to modify financial statements.Design/methodology/approachThe research adopted an interpretative methodology and interview methods. Interviewees were conducted with 34 participants, who were divided into four different categories; executives, financial analysts, auditors and stock exchanges’ authorities.FindingsThis paper provides empirical evidence on the range of external factors that motivate Egyptian corporate executives to adjust the earnings number in financial statements. These external factors include the expectations of investors, lenders and employees, the impact of stock exchange listing rules, beating an earnings target, and the privatisation of key state-owned companies.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors recognise that the paper has a number of limitations. The research is concerned solely with EM in Egypt and, therefore, it would not be safe to generalise the results to other contexts, even in the Middle East. Further research on the behaviour of managers towards EM in other countries would be useful to test validity of the results reported in this paper.Originality/valueThe principal contribution of this paper is to build on the previous EM literature to include external factors within the Egyptian context which motivate Egyptian managers to manage the earnings of companies in an upward direction. It adds additional EM motives to available literature including: employees, stock exchange’s rules, privatisation and meeting industrial norms. Also, the paper provides evidence of the effect of concentrated share ownership on managers’ likelihood to engage in EM behaviour. The paper also extends NIS theory to recognise the importance of the interplay between institutional and economic environment by including economic reform, and non-financial providers as factors that can explain the EM behaviour.
Stimulating learning by empowering leadership
Authors: Li Mingze , Zhang Pengcheng 
Published: January 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to answer the theoretical and practical calls for an examination of the multi-level effects of empowering leadership on creativity. In addition, it attempts to link empowering leadership to creativity from the perspective of information processing, which is different from traditional mechanisms of psychology.Design/methodology/approachBased on the perspective of information processing, the authors tested how and why different levels of empowering leadership may relate to team and individual creativity. Multi-source data were collected from 62 team leaders and 295 team members. Statistical methods, such as the hierarchical linear model, hierarchical regression analysis, and bootstrapping tests, were used to analyze the data.FindingsThe results show that team and individual learning mediate the effects of empowering leadership on creativity at the team and individual levels. Interestingly, the authors also found that team learning negatively moderates the indirect and positive effect of individual empowering leadership on individual creativity.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation of this study is that the authors used cross-section data instead of longitudinal data to analyze the causal relationship. As such, the results may not truly reveal the causality.Practical implicationsThe findings indicate that empowering leadership is important for stimulating both individual and team learning; thus, it benefits different levels of creativity. In addition, the results also suggest that there are interplay between different level mechanisms, and empowering team leader should trade-off individual and team learning effects in order to promote both team and individual creativity effectively.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the existing literature by providing a multi-level and cross-level analysis of empowering leadership and creativity. It clarifies how empowering leadership stimulates individual and team creativity at different levels simultaneously.
Evolution of copper resistance in the kiwifruit pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae through acquisition of integrative conjugative elements and plasmids
Authors: Colombi Elena , Straub Christina , Künzel Sven , Templeton Matthew D. , McCann Honour C. , Rainey Paul B. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryHorizontal gene transfer can precipitate rapid evolutionary change. In 2010 the global pandemic of kiwifruit canker disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) reached New Zealand. At the time of introduction, the single clone responsible for the outbreak was sensitive to copper, however, analysis of a sample of isolates taken in 2015 and 2016 showed that a quarter were copper resistant. Genome sequences of seven strains showed that copper resistance – comprising czc/cusABC and copABCD systems – along with resistance to arsenic and cadmium, was acquired via uptake of integrative conjugative elements (ICEs), but also plasmids. Comparative analysis showed ICEs to have a mosaic structure, with one being a tripartite arrangement of two different ICEs and a plasmid that were isolated in 1921 (USA), 1968 (NZ) and 1988 (Japan), from P. syringae pathogens of millet, wheat and kiwifruit respectively. Two of the Psa ICEs were nearly identical to two ICEs isolated from kiwifruit leaf colonists prior to the introduction of Psa into NZ. Additionally, we show ICE transfer in vitro and in planta, analyze fitness consequences of ICE carriage, capture the de novo formation of novel recombinant ICEs, and explore ICE host‐range.
Distribution and ecological preferences of the freshwater lineage LimA (genus Limnohabitans) revealed by a new double hybridization approach
Authors: Shabarova Tanja , Kasalický Vojtěch , Šimek Karel , Nedoma Jiří , Znachor Petr , Posch Thomas , Pernthaler Jakob , Salcher Michaela M. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThe ecological relevance and factors shaping dynamics of Limnohabitans sp. have been largely studied by fluorescence in situ hybridization with a 16S rRNA probe targeting the R‐BT group (lineages LimBCDE), but not lineage LimA. Consequently, ecology and distribution of LimA remained unknown. We developed a double hybridization strategy using a novel 23S rRNA probe specifically targeting LimA and LimE that in combination with the existing R‐BT probe can discriminate LimA populations. This technique was applied for more than 1000 samples from 46 freshwater sites including long‐term data sets from oligo‐mesotrophic Lake Zurich, CH and meso‐eutrophic Římov reservoir, CZ. LimA was ubiquitously distributed and highly abundant. Observed ecological preferences of LimA in Lake Zurich were in general similar to already reported for Limnohabitans with highest numbers in surface waters during growing seasons. Three times higher densities of LimA were detected in Římov reservoir, where they were significantly more abundant at the riverine zone especially after flood events that introduced fresh terrestrial DOM (dissolved organic matter). Moreover, statistical analyses of biological and physicochemical parameters obtained from small dynamic water bodies confirmed a correspondence between LimA and allochthonous DOM, in opposite to R‐BT that was more related to algal primary production.
Labour induction near term for women aged 35 or over: an economic evaluation
Authors: Walker KF , Dritsaki M , Bugg G , Macpherson M , McCormick C , Grace N , Wildsmith C , Bradshaw L , Smith GCS , Thornton JG 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveInduction of labour at 39 weeks for nulliparous women aged 35 years and over may prevent stillbirths and does not increase caesarean births, so it may be popular. But the overall costs and benefits of such a policy have not been compared.DesignA cost–utility analysis alongside a randomised controlled trial (the 35/39 trial).SettingObstetric departments of 38 UK National Health Service hospitals and one UK primary‐care trust.PopulationNulliparous women aged 35 years or over on their expected due date, with a singleton live fetus in a cephalic presentation.MethodsCosts were estimated from the National Health Service and Personal Social Services perspective and quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs) were calculated based on patient responses to the EQ‐5D at baseline and 4 weeks.Main outcome measuresData on antenatal care, mode of delivery, analgesia in labour, method of induction, EQ‐5D (baseline and 4 weeks postnatal) and participant‐administered postnatal health resource use data were collected.ResultsThe intervention was associated with a mean cost saving of £263 and a small additional gain in QALYs (though this was not statistically significant), even without considering any possible QALY gains from stillbirth prevention.ConclusionA policy of induction of labour at 39 weeks for women of advanced maternal age would save money.Tweetable abstractA policy of induction of labour at 39 weeks of gestation for women of advanced maternal age would save money.
Constitutive NOS uncoupling and NADPH oxidase upregulation in the penis of type 2 diabetic men with erectile dysfunction
Authors: Musicki B. , Burnett A. L. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryErectile dysfunction (ED) associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) involves dysfunctional nitric oxide (NO) signaling and increased oxidative stress in the penis. However, the mechanisms of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) dysregulation, and the sources of oxidative stress, are not well defined, particularly at the human level. The objective of this study was to define whether uncoupled eNOS and nNOS, and NADPH oxidase upregulation, contribute to the pathogenesis of ED in T2DM men. Penile erectile tissue was obtained from 9 T2DM patients with ED who underwent penile prosthesis surgery for ED, and from six control patients without T2DM or ED who underwent penectomy for penile cancer. The dimer‐to‐monomer protein expression ratio, an indicator of uncoupling for both eNOS and nNOS, total protein expressions of eNOS and nNOS, as well as protein expressions of NADPH oxidase catalytic subunit gp91phox (an enzymatic source of oxidative stress) and 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal [4‐HNE] and nitrotyrosine (markers of oxidative stress) were measured by western blot in this tissue. In the erectile tissue of T2DM men, eNOS and nNOS uncoupling and protein expressions of NADPH oxidase subunit gp91phox, 4‐HNE‐ and nitrotyrosine‐modified proteins were significantly (p < 0.05) increased compared to control values. Total eNOS and nNOS protein expressions were not significantly different between the groups. In conclusion, mechanisms of T2DM‐associated ED in the human penis may involve uncoupled eNOS and nNOS and NADPH oxidase upregulation. Our description of molecular factors contributing to the pathogenesis of T2DM‐associated ED at the human level is relevant to advancing clinically therapeutic approaches to restore erectile function in T2DM patients.
The role of female directors in promoting CSR practices: An international comparison between family and non‐family businesses
Authors: Rodríguez‐Ariza Lázaro , Cuadrado‐Ballesteros Beatriz , Martínez‐Ferrero Jennifer , García‐Sánchez Isabel‐María 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis article analyzes a panel of 550 international firms, for the period 2004 to 2010, to compare the role of female directors in family and non‐family firms in promoting responsible practices. Many studies have associated the presence of women on the board with a higher degree of socially responsible commitment. However, we found that this is much less so in family firms than in non‐family firms. In family firms, corporate social responsibility (CSR) commitment does not vary significantly with the presence of female directors, as the latter tend to behave in accordance with the family orientation toward CSR. This orientation depends on the stakeholders being addressed, with greater social responsibility shown toward external stakeholders than internal ones.
TOPK (T‐LAK cell‐originated protein kinase) inhibitor exhibits growth suppressive effect on small cell lung cancer
Authors: Park Jae‐Hyun , Inoue Hiroyuki , Kato Taigo , Zewde Makda , Miyamoto Takashi , Matsuo Yo , Salgia Ravi , Nakamura Yusuke 
Published: January 2017

T‐lymphokine‐activated killer cell‐originated protein kinase (TOPK) plays critical roles in cancer cell proliferation as well as maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSC). Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has highly aggressive phenotype, reveals early spread to distant sites, and results in dismal prognosis with little effective treatment. In this study, we demonstrate that TOPK expression was highly upregulated in both SCLC cell lines and primary tumors. Similar to siRNA‐mediated TOPK knockdown effects, treatment with a potent TOPK inhibitor, OTS514, effectively suppressed growth of SCLC cell lines (IC50; 0.4–42.6 nM) and led to their apoptotic cell death. TOPK inhibition caused cell morphologic changes in SCLC cells, elongation of intercellular bridges caused by cytokinesis defects or neuronal protrusions induced by neuronal differentiation in a subset of CSC‐like SCLC cells. Treatment with OTS514 suppressed forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) activity, which was involved in stemness of CSC. Furthermore, OTS514 treatment reduced CD90‐positive SCLC cells and showed higher cytotoxic effect against lung sphere‐derived CSC‐like SCLC cells. Collectively, our results suggest that targeting TOPK is a promising approach for SCLC therapy.
How to define successful transition? An exploration of consensus indicators and outcomes in young adults with chronic conditions
Authors: Sattoe J. N. T. , Hilberink S. R. , van Staa A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundIn this short report, we use data from a previous cohort study to explore the relationship between five out of eight consensus indicators for successful transition and patient‐reported outcomes in young adulthood.MethodsData came from a 6‐year cohort study that consisted of a survey among 518 young adults with various chronic conditions and a review of their electronic patient records. Associations between five indicators for successful transition and background variables and patient‐reported outcomes were explored with Spearman's r. Significant variables were included in stepwise (logistic) regression analyses with transition outcomes as dependent variables.ResultsThe indicators relate to some extent to better healthcare‐related transition outcomes, but not to autonomy in participation. The explained variance of the models varied from 9.7% to 26.4%. The change in explained variance after adding indicators varied from 2% to 16%.ConclusionsThe challenge of translating the definition of transition into holistic indicators remains. The current consensus indicators are a good start, but there is more to transition than transfer.