bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interventional Pharmacoepidemiology: Origins, Current Status, and Future Possibilities
Authors: Avorn Jerry 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Interventional pharmacoepidemiology applies quantitative analysis of patterns of medication use and outcomes to help design, guide and then evaluate programs to improve prescription drug use and outcomes. Surveillance of prescribing and drug-taking in large populations is increasingly practical because of the proliferation of detailed data on medication use decisions, often based on paid claims billing data. At the same time, increasingly granular clinical information is available on patient characteristics and outcomes. This can offer important opportunities to identify problematic use, focus interventions to address them, and measure their impact. Alexander et al (Am J Epidemiol. 0000;000(00):0000–0000) review the need for such research and provide methodological guidance for its performance. While randomized controlled trials of such interventions are ideal, real-world considerations often require other evaluation strategies, including stepped-wedge designs and interrupted time-series analysis. As drug therapy becomes more powerful and more costly, and the risks of poor medication choices as well as under-use of effective treatments become even better understood, the health care system will increasingly rely on such approaches to assess current patterns of prescribing and patient adherence, target programs to address problem areas, and measure the effectiveness of such interventions.
Characterisation and modification of the porous metal foams used for the EN 15051-2 dustiness rotating drum test
Authors: Bard Delphine , Hunwin Graeme , Thorpe Andrew , Dewberry Kirsty , Burdett Garry , Hemingway Michael 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Two approaches were used to evaluate the performance of the reticulated metal foams used to size select and collect dust generated in the dustiness rotating drum tester according to the EN 15051-2 standard “Workplace exposure—Measurement of the dustiness of bulk materials—Rotating drum test”. Firstly, the detailed performance of the metal foams was measured in a calm air chamber using a polydisperse aerosol of glass particles and assessed against the respirable conventions described in the EN 481 standard “Workplace atmospheres—Size fraction definitions for measurement of airborne particles”. Secondly, the performance of the EN 15051-2 metal foam size selection for the respirable fraction was compared using the rotating drum dustiness test, with that of a cyclone set-up, using 4 polydisperse glass powders of different size distribution and dustiness potential. The research discusses further improvements to the EN 15051-2 standard and an approach to more closely match the EN 481 convention. In general, for the respirable fraction, the tests in this study demonstrated a conservative oversampling by the current EN 15051-2 metal foam set-up in comparison with the EN 481 convention. Calculations and tests showed an improved fit was achieved by reducing the inner diameter of the flanges separating the metal foams and the filter. This study also showed the importance of sealing the circumference of the metal foams when testing highly dusty powders. A direct comparison of the respirable dustiness fraction, measured by the current EN 15051-2 metal foams set-up and by a cyclone set-up, showed broad agreement. However, for extremely dusty powders, the metal foams can clog, and dust can accumulate between the 20 and 80 pores per inch foams.
Novel therapeutic strategy for intractable keloids: suppression of intracellular mechanotransduction and actin polymerization via Rho-kinase pathway inhibition
Authors: Min Sally , Kim Ki-Myo , Park Jun Ho , Lee Mihyun , Hwang Joseph , Park Ji-Ung 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Keloid is a dermal fibrotic disorder characterized by excessive extracellular matrix production by fibroblasts. Despite the significance of mechanostimulation in fibrotic diseases, its association with keloid pathophysiology or treatment remains unexplored.

Objectives
To investigate the role of mechanical force in keloid formation and elucidate the significance of Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing kinase 1 (ROCK1) as a mechanoresponsive target for keloid treatment.

Methods
Patient-derived keloid fibroblasts (KFs) were subjected to cyclic stretching ranging from 0% to 20% elongation using a cell-stretching system. We observed the inhibitory effects of the ROCK1 inhibitor Y27632 on KFs and keloid formation. Validation was performed using a keloid xenograft severe combined immune-deficient (SCID) mouse model.

Results
ROCK1 was overexpressed in KFs isolated from patients. Cyclic stretching induced fibroblast proliferation and actin polymerization by activating Rho/ROCK1 signalling. Treatment with Y27632 downregulated fibrotic markers reduced the migration capacity of KFs and induced extensive actin cytoskeleton remodelling. In the keloid xenograft SCID mouse model, Y27632 effectively suppressed keloid formation, mitigating inflammation and fibrosis.

Conclusions
The ROCK1 inhibitor Y27632 is a promising molecule for keloid treatment, exerting its effects through actin cytoskeleton remodelling and nuclear inhibition of fibrotic markers in keloid pathogenesis.
Memory-related brain potentials for visual objects in early AD show impairment and compensatory mechanisms
Authors: Xia Jiangyi , Kutas Marta , Salmon David P , Stoermann Anna M , Rigatuso Siena N , Tomaszewski Farias Sarah E , Edland Steven D , Brewer James B , Olichney John M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Impaired episodic memory is the primary feature of early Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but not all memories are equally affected. Patients with AD and amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) remember pictures better than words, to a greater extent than healthy elderly. We investigated neural mechanisms for visual object recognition in 30 patients (14 AD, 16 aMCI) and 36 cognitively unimpaired healthy (19 in the “preclinical” stage of AD). Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded while participants performed a visual object recognition task. Hippocampal occupancy (integrity), amyloid (florbetapir) PET, and neuropsychological measures of verbal & visual memory, executive function were also collected. A right-frontal ERP recognition effect (500–700 ms post-stimulus) was seen in cognitively unimpaired participants only, and significantly correlated with memory and executive function abilities. A later right-posterior negative ERP effect (700–900 ms) correlated with visual memory abilities across participants with low verbal memory ability, and may reflect a compensatory mechanism. A correlation of this retrieval-related negativity with right hippocampal occupancy (r = 0.55), implicates the hippocampus in the engagement of compensatory perceptual retrieval mechanisms. Our results suggest that early AD patients are impaired in goal-directed retrieval processing, but may engage compensatory perceptual mechanisms which rely on hippocampal function.
Neural representations of beat and rhythm in motor and association regions
Authors: Hoddinott Joshua D , Grahn Jessica A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Humans perceive a pulse, or beat, underlying musical rhythm. Beat strength correlates with activity in the basal ganglia and supplementary motor area, suggesting these regions support beat perception. However, the basal ganglia and supplementary motor area are part of a general rhythm and timing network (regardless of the beat) and may also represent basic rhythmic features (e.g. tempo, number of onsets). To characterize the encoding of beat-related and other basic rhythmic features, we used representational similarity analysis. During functional magnetic resonance imaging, participants heard 12 rhythms—4 strong-beat, 4 weak-beat, and 4 nonbeat. Multi-voxel activity patterns for each rhythm were tested to determine which brain areas were beat-sensitive: those in which activity patterns showed greater dissimilarities between rhythms of different beat strength than between rhythms of similar beat strength. Indeed, putamen and supplementary motor area activity patterns were significantly dissimilar for strong-beat and nonbeat conditions. Next, we tested whether basic rhythmic features or models of beat strength (counterevidence scores) predicted activity patterns. We found again that activity pattern dissimilarity in supplementary motor area and putamen correlated with beat strength models, not basic features. Beat strength models also correlated with activity pattern dissimilarities in the inferior frontal gyrus and inferior parietal lobe, though these regions encoded beat and rhythm simultaneously and were not driven by beat alone.
Cycles of Susceptibility: Immunity Debt Explains Altered Infectious Disease Dynamics Post-Pandemic
Authors: Munro Alasdair P S , House Thomas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The concept of immunity debt is a phenomenon resulting from the suppression of endemic pathogens during the COVID-19 pandemic due to non-pharmaceutical interventions. The reduced circulation of various pathogens during the pandemic, particularly respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), altered typical infectious disease dynamics by reducing levels of population immunity usually acquired through exposure to infection. This concept is demonstrated through the post-pandemic resurgence of diseases such as RSV and group A Streptococcus, and highlights the interplay between reduced pathogen exposure and increased susceptibility in populations. The complexities and nonlinear dynamics of seasonal transmission are observed in differences in pathogen resurgence across regions. These issues highlight the importance of comprehensive disease surveillance and public health strategies in mitigating these long-term epidemiological impacts.
Proteomic Signature of BMI and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Ma Hao , Wang Xuan , Heianza Yoriko , Manson JoAnn E , Qi Lu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Obesity, defined by body mass index (BMI) alone, is a metabolically heterogeneous disorder with distinct cardiovascular manifestations across individuals. This study aimed to investigate the associations of a proteomic signature of BMI with risk of major subtypes of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods
A total of 40 089 participants from UK Biobank, free of CVD at baseline, had complete data on proteomic data measured by the Olink assay. A BMI-proteomic score (pro-BMI score) was calculated from 67 pre-identified plasma proteins associated with BMI.

Results
A higher pro-BMI score was significantly associated with higher risks of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and heart failure (HF), but not with risk of stroke. Comparing the highest with the lowest quartiles, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for IHD was 1.49 (95% CI, 1.32–1.67) (P-trend &lt; 0.001), and the adjusted HR for HF was 1.52 (95% CI, 1.25–1.85) (P-trend &lt; 0.001). Further analyses showed that the association of pro-BMI score with HF risk was largely driven by the actual BMI, whereas the association of the pro-BMI score with IHD risk was independent of actual BMI and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). The association between pro-BMI score and IHD risk appeared to be stronger in the normal BMI group than other BMI groups (P-interaction = 0.004) and stronger in the normal WHR group than the high WHR group (P-interaction = 0.049).

Conclusions
Higher pro-BMI score is significantly associated with higher IHD risk, independent of actual BMI levels. Our findings suggest that plasma proteins hold promise as complementary markers for diagnosing obesity and may facilitate personalized interventions.
Self-supervised learning of seismological data reveals new eruptive sequences at the Mayotte submarine volcano
Authors: Rimpot Joachim , Hibert Clément , Retailleau Lise , Saurel Jean-Marie , Malet Jean-Philippe , Forestier Germain , Weber Jonathan , Stangeland Tord S , Turquet Antoine , Pelleau Pascal 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARY
Continuous seismological observations provide valuable insights to deepen our understanding of geological processes and geohazards. We present a systematic analysis of two months of seismological records using an AI-based Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) approach revealing previously undetected seismic events whose physical causes remain unknown but that are all associated with the dynamics of the Mayotte submarine volcano. Our approach detects and classifies known and new event types, including two previously unknown eruptive sequences displaying properties similar to other sequences observed at underwater and aerial volcanoes. The clustering workflow identifies seismic events that would be difficult to observe using conventional classification approaches. Our findings contribute to the understanding of submarine eruptive processes and the rare documentation of such events. We further demonstrate the potential of SSL methods for the analysis of seismological records, providing a synoptic view and facilitating the discovery of rarely observed events. This approach has wide applications for the comprehensive exploration of diverse geophysical data sets.
A parallel recursive framework for modelling time series
Authors: Filelis-Papadopoulos Christos , Morrison John P , O’Reilly Philip 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Time series modelling is of significance to several scientific fields. Several approaches based on statistics, machine learning or combinations have been utilized. In order to model and forecast time series a novel parallel framework based on recursive pseudoinverse matrices is proposed. This framework enables the design of arbitrary statistical and machine learning models, adaptively, from a set of potential basis functions. This unification enables compact definition of existing and new models as well as easy implementation for new massively parallel architectures. The choice of appropriate basis functions is analysed and the fitting accuracy, termination criteria and model update operations are presented. A block variant for multivariate time series is also proposed. Parallel GPU implementation and performance optimization of the framework are provided, based on mixed precision arithmetic and matrix operations. The use of different basis functions is showcased with respect to various model univariate and multivariate time series for applications such as regression, frequency estimation and automatic trend detection. Discussions on limitations and future directions of research are also provided.
Automorphism Groups of Parafermion Vertex Operator Algebras: General Case
Authors: Hung Lam Ching , Lin Xingjun , Shimakura Hiroki 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We complete the program for determining the full automorphism groups of all parafermion vertex operator algebras associated with simple Lie algebras and positive integral levels. We show that the full automorphism group of the parafermion vertex operator algebra is isomorphic to the automorphism group of the associated root system for the remaining cases: (i) the level is at least $3$; and (ii) the level is $2$ and the simple Lie algebra is non-simply laced.
Peace at the Margins? Peacebuilding and Patriarchal World Ordering in Sierra Leone
Authors: Rinck Patricia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper, I offer a feminist lens on international peacebuilding as a means of world ordering. I argue that looking at peacebuilding as a world-ordering process through a feminist lens uncovers the patriarchal assumptions underlying world-order conceptions that shape how peace is approached and (the gender) order upheld in externally supported war-to-peace transitions. Taking a closer look at the peacebuilding process in postconflict Sierra Leone, which has been portrayed as one of the most successful cases of international peacebuilding and statebuilding, the feminist lens makes visible how peacebuilding worked as a conservative form of world ordering that strengthened the patriarchal, gerontocratic order. It can be used to reconceptualize important concepts used in peacebuilding-as-world ordering, to analyze how these world-ordering processes unfold in practice, and to problematize current injustices and point to alternatives. The feminist lens on world ordering can then be understood as an attempt at reordering from the margins (of conventional discourse) by grounding epistemology in the experiences of those at the margins of society.
Democracy and Clustered Models of Global Economic Engagement
Authors: Kim ByungKoo , Osgood Iain 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
One of the most fundamental economic policy choices a society makes is how to order its global economic relations. What models do states use to structure this multifaceted decision, and how do they choose among these alternatives? We combine data on trade policies, foreign investment, exchange rates, capital flows, and international treaties to discover states’ strategies of global economic engagement. We identify five distinct strategies through dynamic clustering. We then examine the economic and political drivers of states’ choices among these competing strategies, focusing on the tradeoffs between public and private goods activated by differing styles of openness. In particular, we uncover a model of high global integration favored by (party-based) nondemocracies that emphasizes sacrificing consumption for production and embraces the risk of tight integration with global markets. We also uncover a cautious model of partial globalization favored by (large) democracies. Decisions over global economic engagement are clustered and multidimensional: Uncovering this variety unlocks new findings about the nonlinear effects of democracy on foreign economic policy.
Landscape factors affect relative abundance of rootworm species and pod injury in Georgia peanuts
Authors: Sutton Kemper L , Skipper April L , Fair Conor G , Abney Mark R 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The southern corn rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber, is native to the US where it is a pest of peanut, Arachis hypogaea. The banded cucumber beetle, Diabrotica balteata LeConte, is native to the neotropics, but its range has expanded and currently includes most of the US peanut production area. The purpose of this study was to: (i) define seasonal variation in adult rootworm populations in peanut fields, and (ii) determine the effect(s) of proximity to a putative early season host (i.e., corn, Zea mays) and the presence of irrigation on rootworm infestation and pod injury in peanut. Seasonal abundance of adult rootworms in commercial peanut fields in Georgia was monitored in 2021 and 2022 using plant volatile lures attached to yellow sticky traps. Traps were located at 45, 90, and 180 m from the field edge in irrigated and nonirrigated peanut fields with and without a corn border. Two peaks in abundance were observed for both species in each year. Though peak abundance for the two species occurred nearly simultaneously, D. balteata was more abundant than D. u. howardi. Beetle abundance was highest in fields bordered by corn, but presence of irrigation was not as important for D. balteata as it was for D. u. howardi. Pod injury was greater in fields bordered by corn in both years, but there was no difference in pod injury between irrigated and nonirrigated fields. The number of beetles captured and incidence of pod injury within a field did not differ with distance from the field border.
Emergence, Panpsychism, and Manifestation (Abhivyakti)
Authors: Timalsina Sthaneshwar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes the model of “manifestation” (abhivyakti) as an alternative to panpsychism while countering the model of hard emergence. First, it examines the passages from the Mahābhārata to contextualize the model of “manifestation” (abhivyakti). Second, it explores contemporary panpsychism and engages the examples from the Mahābhārata in this light. In conclusion, the paper advances the argument that the “manifestation” (abhivyakti) model accommodates cosmopsychism without contradicting the theory of emergence while rejecting physicalism.
The protective role of transcription factor Nrf2 in murine macrophage activation syndrome
Authors: Gallo Paul M , Elliott Em , Ford Grace C , Biswas Chhanda , Wheaton Jadyn M , Kim Jihwan , Jiang Connie L , Chu Niansheng , Kreiger Portia A , Lambert Michele P , Behrens Edward M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is characterized by multilineage cytopenias, hypercytokinemia, and tissue hemophagocytosis. Transcription factor Nrf2 is a master regulator of redox homeostasis. In this work, we aim to investigate the role of Nrf2 in murine hyperinflammation and the mechanisms by which Nrf2 activation by red blood cell products regulates proinflammatory cytokine production.

Methods
We induced murine MAS in wild-type and Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2−/−) mice by repeat administration of TLR9-agonist CpG. Clinical and biochemical markers of disease were measured including complete blood counts, liver and spleen pathology, serum free heme, ferritin, and cytokine profiles. In vitro bone marrow–derived macrophages and dendritic cells were used to investigate regulation of CpG-induced cytokine expression by oxidized red blood cells and hemin.

Results
Patients with hyperinflammatory disease had higher levels of Nrf2 gene expression. Mice with CpG-induced hyperinflammation had elevated systemic lipid peroxidation, which was exacerbated in Nrf2−/− mice. Compared with wild-type control mice, Nrf2−/− mice developed significantly worse organomegaly, organ pathology, and reticulocytosis. Nrf2−/− mice had exacerbated hypercytokinemia in cytokines central MAS physiology: interleukin (IL)-12, interferon γ, and IL-10. In vitro, we found that oxidized red blood cell lysates and hemin were able to suppress IL-12 transcription and protein production from bone marrow–derived dendritic cells in an Nrf2-dependent manner.

Conclusion
Together, our findings show that transcription factor Nrf2 is highly expressed in patients with hyperinflammatory disease and demonstrate a protective role for Nrf2 in a murine model of MAS in part due to Nrf2-mediated suppression of proinflammatory cytokine production.
The intersecting time, administrative, and financial burdens of a cancer diagnosis
Authors: Parsons Helen M , Gupta Arjun , Jewett Patricia , Vogel Rachel I 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Cancer and its care create substantial financial, time, and administrative burdens both for patients and their loved ones. Although cancer-related financial burdens have been well documented in the past decade, time and administrative burdens of cancer care have received substantially less attention. We define time burdens as the burden patients and caregivers experience due to the time needed to complete cancer-related treatment and tasks that take away from other life responsibilities. Relatedly, we conceptualize administrative burdens as those burdens patients and caregivers experience due to cancer-related, resource-consuming bureaucratic and logistical tasks. Finally, financial hardship can be conceptualized as problems patients experience related to the cost of medical care. These burdens do not exist in isolation; time, administrative, and financial burdens intersect with and compound each other. Currently, we have limited evidence-based measures on the objective (eg, scheduling time, transportation, wait time) and subjective (eg, mental, emotional and physical stress) measures of time and administrative burden. We have even more limited evidence of the risk factors for and outcomes from increased time and administrative burdens, and how they differentially impact populations across social and demographic groups. In this commentary, we present a research agenda to map, measure, evaluate, and mitigate the time, administrative, and financial burdens of cancer and its care.