bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MicroRNA-34a alleviates steroid-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head by targeting Tgif2 through OPG/RANK/RANKL signaling pathway
Authors: Peng Wu-Xun , Ye Chuan , Dong Wen-Tao , Yang Lei-Luo , Wang Chun-Qing , Wei Ze-An , Wu Jian-Hua , Li Qing , Deng Jin , Zhang Jian 
Published: April 2017

The study aims to investigate the effect of microRNA-34a (miR-34a) targeting Tgif2 on steroid-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head (SANFH) by regulating OPG/RANK/RANKL signaling pathway. SD rats were divided into normal control and model (RNAKL rat models) groups. The model group was further assigned into model control, negative control, miR-34a mimics and miR-34a inhibitors groups. QRT-PCR was applied to detect miR-34a, Tgif2, OPG, RANK and RNAKL mRNA expressions. Femoral head tissues were collected for Micro-CT scanning and HE staining. QRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect expressions of miR-34a, Tgif2, OPG, RANK, RANKL and Runx2, OPN and OC in bone tissues. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was used to testify the target relationship between miR-34a and Tgif2. Compared with the normal control group, the model group showed increased Tgif2, RANK and RANKL mRNA expressions, but decreased miR-34a and OPG mRNA expressions. Tgif2 mRNA expression was negatively correlated with miR-34a and OPG mRNA expressions. Micro-CT showed cystic degeneration of femoral head, with decreased bone volume/total volume (BV/TV), bone surface area/bone volume and trabecular number in the model control group compared with the normal control group. Compared with the model control group, the miR-34a mimics group showed increased BV/TV and trabecular thickness and Runx2, OPN and OC expressions, while the parameters decreased in the miR-34a inhibitors group. Compared with the normal control group, the other groups showed increased Tgif2, RANK and RANKL expressions but decreased miR-34a and OPG expressions. Compared with the model control group, Tgif2, RANK and RANKL expressions decreased and miR-34a and OPG expressions increased in the miR-34a mimics group, while the miR-34a inhibitors group had a reverse trend in contrast to the miR-34a mimics group. Tgif2 is a target gene of miR-34a. In conclusion, miR-34a can alleviate SANFH through targeting Tgif2 and further regulating OPG/RANK/RANKL signaling pathway. Impact statement miR-34a can alleviate SANFH through targeting Tgif2 and further regulating OPG/RANK/RANKL signaling pathway, which can be used as a new theoretical basis for SANFH treatment.
Aquaporin-1 Expression in Herniated Human Lumbar Intervertebral Discs
Authors: Hoffman Haydn , Choi Aaron W. , Chang Victor , Kimball Jon , S. Verkman Alan , Virani Rubeen , Kim Brian , Niu Tianyi , Lu Daniel C. 
Published: May 2017

Study Design: Case series. Objective: Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is the cause of spondylosis. The pathogenesis is poorly understood, but disc dehydration often plays a role. In this study, we aim to identify and quantify aquaporin-1 (AQP1) in ex vivo human degenerated IVDs obtained intraoperatively and to investigate the relationship between AQP1 levels and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2 intensity of the disc. Methods: Ex vivo samples of nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue from lumbar IVDs were obtained from 18 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for disc herniation at L4/5 and L5/S1 level. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the presence of AQP1 expression, and this was quantified by Western blot analysis. AQP1 expression was compared to preoperative IVD signal intensity on T2-weighted MRI. Results: NP tissue was obtained from 18 patients (9 for L4/5 level and 9 for L5/S1 level). AQP1 expression was detected in all samples by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. AQP1 expression had a linear correlation with the preoperative IVD signal intensity on T2-weighted MRI at L4/5 level ( R2 = 0.90) and at L5/S1 level ( R2 = 0.92). AQP1 expression was 52.2 ± 59.0 at L5/S1 level and 15.9 ± 20.6 at L4/5 ( P = .10). Conclusions: Our results show that AQP1 can be detected in IVD obtained from live human subjects. Increased AQP1 expression is associated with greater disc hydration as measured by signal intensity on T2-weighted MRI. AQP1 may have a role in the dehydration associated with disc degeneration.
Objective Quantification of Trochlea Dysplasia: Assessment of Morphology Difference Between Control and Chronic Patellofemoral Instability Patients
Authors: Voss Andreas , Achtnich Andrea , Sanghin Shin , Murakami Akin M. , Edgar Cory 
Published: May 2017

Aims and Objectives: Trochlear dysplasia is an important risk factor associated with patellofemoral instability, but it remains difficult to classify with consistency. Currently there is no objective way to quantify the dysplasia. The purpose of this study to define and quantify objectively the trochlea morphology by volume and length via computed tomography (CT). Hypothesis: A significant difference in trochlea groove volume and length is present within a cohort of patients with recurrent patellofemoral instability if compared to a control cohort of similar patients. Materials and Methods: One-hundred control patients (136 knees) were retrospectively reviewed and compared to 36 consecutive patients (72 knees) who were treated surgically for recurrent patella instability and known trochlea dysplasia based on a lateral x-ray. Trochlea morphology was analyzed from a pre-operative CT and data presented as trochlear sulcus volume trochlea length. To determine where along the trochlea length dysplasia is most variable, the trochlea length was radiographically divided into thirds, volume was quantified along that section and compared to control trochlea. Results: A significant difference in trochlea morphology exists between cohorts, volume (1.98 vs 3.77 cm3) and length (31.97 vs 34.66 mm). However, there appears to be a gender based difference in trochlea morphology. The trochlea volumetric analysis between the female cohorts (L: 2.02 cm3 vs. 2.94 cm3, R: 1.95 cm3 vs. 2.93 cm3) demonstrated significant less volume in instability patients (p<0.001). The proximal 30% of trochlea contributed the majority of dysplasia difference determined by comparing mean trochlea volume, 95% of the difference. This difference decreased in distal sections, 53% and 32% respectively. The total trochlea length did not appear to be significant (L: p=0.858, R: p=0.913). It appears dysplasia alone may not directly lead to symptoms demonstrated by trochlea volumetric comparisons within symptomatic recurrent patella instability and contralateral asymptomatic patella (p=0.274). Conclusion: The authors believe this reproducible technique can be used to quantify the trochlea morphology into measurements to be used describing the severity of the dysplasia. The data confirms that symptomatic trochlea dysplasia is a “proximal” process affecting early knee flexion contact between patella and trochlea.
High impact sport after autologous chondrocyte implantation in the knee
Authors: Müller Peter E. , Gülecyüz Mehmet F. , Pietschmann Matthias F. , Niethammner Thomas R. 
Published: May 2017

Aims and Objectives: Matrix-based autologous chondrocyte implantation is a well-established treatment for full cartilage defects. When to resume to high impact sports after matrix-based autologous chondrocyte implantation is controversial. Materials and Methods: Forty-four patients with cartilage defects of the knee were treated with autologous chondrocyte implantation (Novocart®3D). All patients were assessed preoperatively and after a period of 24 months with the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Activity score. The return to high impact sports (soccer, basketball, running, etc.) after matrix-based autologous chondrocyte implantation was documented. Patients were evaluated using the International Knee Documentation Committee Knee Examination Form and visual analogue scale for pain after 6, 12 and 24 months. Results: The average return to physical activities or sports after matrix-based autologous chondrocyte implantation procedure was 10.2 months. Patients with a later return of high impact sports after 12 months showed significantly better clinical results after two years. Fifty-five percent showed an unchanged level of physical activity in the UCLA Activity score in the postoperative course. About 35% showed a lower level and 10% a higher level of physical activity. Conclusion: Resuming to high impact sport in the first 12 months after ACI procedure leads to inferior outcomes up to 24 months after matrix-based autologous chondrocyte implantation.
Up-regulated expression of substance P in CD8+ T cells and NK1R on monocytes of atopic dermatitis
Authors: Zhang Zenan , Zheng Wenjiao , Xie Hua , Chai Ruonan , Wang Junling , Zhang Huiyun , He Shaoheng 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundLarge numbers of CD8+T cells were observed in atopic dermatitis (AD) skin, and monocytes from AD patients showed increased prostaglandin E2 production. However, little is known about the expression of substance P (SP) and its receptor NK1R in blood leukocytes of patients with AD.ObjectiveTo explore the expression of SP and NK1R in leukocytes of AD and the influence of allergens on SP and NK1R expression.MethodsThe expression levels of SP and NK1R in patients with AD were examined by flow cytometry, ELISA and a mouse AD model.ResultsThe plasma SP level was 4.9-fold higher in patients with AD than in HC subjects. Both the percentage of SP expression in the population and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of SP expression were elevated in CD8+T cells in the blood of AD patients. However, both the CD14+NK1R+population and MFI of NK1R expression on CD14+cells were enhanced in the blood of AD patients. Allergens ASWE, HDME and PPE failed to up-regulate SP expression in CD8+T cells. However, allergens ASWE and HDME both enhanced NK1R expression on CD14+blood leukocytes regardless of AD or HC subjects. OVA-sensitized AD mice showed an elevated proportion and MFI of SP-expressing CD8+T cells in the blood, which agrees with the SP expression situation in human AD blood. Injection of SP into mouse skin did not up-regulate NK1R expression on monocytes.ConclusionsAn elevated plasma SP level, up-regulated expression of SP and NK1R indicate that the SP/NK1R complex is important in the development of AD. Therefore, SP and NK1R antagonist or blocker agents may help to treat patients with AD.Trial registrationRegistration number: ChiCTR-BOC-16010279; Registration date: Dec., 28, 2016; retrospectively registered
Old Spelling and the Forging of Spenser’s Readers
Authors: Nicholson Catherine 
Published: May 2017

AbstractUnlike the works of contemporaries like William Shakespeare and John Donne, Edmund Spenser’s Faerie Queene (1590 and 1596) is almost invariably reproduced by modern editors with its peculiar sixteenth-century spellings intact, on the grounds that orthographic modernization would violate the poem’s deliberately archaic style and obscure its densely encoded verbal wit. Drawing on the resources of traditional bibliography, intellectual history, and digital database analysis, this essay proposes that the “old spelling” Faerie Queene is as much an artifact of the mid-eighteenth century as it is of the late sixteenth—and that its relation to Spenser’s intentions is less clear than the role it has played in securing norms of scholarly rigor, historical accuracy, and textual precision. Despite what most modern editions imply, attending to “Spenser’s spelling” tells us less about the poet and his poem than it does about the history of our own disciplinary formation.
War and the Domestic Interior: Pater, Curtius, and Praz in the House of Life
Authors: Siegel Jonah 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This essay is a study of two interrelated phenomena, the influence of Walter Pater on two notable postwar European critics, Ernst Robert Curtius and Mario Praz, and the place of war on the imagination of cultural continuity and rupture in the work of the later authors. The surprising presence of Pater in texts shaped by brutal military conflict not only demonstrates the power of models of cultural transmission he developed at a point when his reputation was at a far lower ebb in the English-speaking world than it was on a war-ravaged continent, but also opens up the possibility of recognizing elements that are still galvanizing and disturbing in his work.
The Invisible Hand of the Lyric: Emily Dickinson’s Hypermediated Manuscripts and the Debate over Genre
Authors: Zino Dominique 
Published: May 2017

The guiding force at work is no longer that of the intentional patriarchic editor behind the scenes that Howe condemned three decades ago. Rather, in a moment in which print and electronic versions coexist, an "invisible hand" guiding Dickinson textual scholarship is that of the enduring influence of the lyric genre itself. As the next generation of readers encounter Dickinson primarily in virtual environments, viewing scanned typed texts from various editions alongside manuscript versions­, efforts to read Dickinson in traditional generic terms will be unsettled. Thirty years after Howe's important intervention, this essay describes how critics have come to consider media environments as a constitutive element of genre-making rather than an afterthought. After recounting a recent debate over the relationship between genre and medium among Dickinson scholars, I revisit Thomas Wentworth Higginson's preface to the first edition of Dickinson's Poems (1890) to demonstrate that knowledge structures in a digital age—what new media scholars call "folksonomies"—require us to conceptualize media and genre side by side. As readers encounter Dickinson's work exposed, transcribed, and described down to the smallest material detail in electronic environments, a next generation of Dickinson textual scholars will need to keep one eye on contextualizing and historicizing Dickinson's materials and another on understanding how generic classifications are established and how they endure.
The Composition of 'The Depressed Person'
Authors: Morsia Elliott 
Published: May 2017

Despite moving away from a predominant focus upon his most renowned novel Infinite Jest (1996) in recent years, David Foster Wallace studies has yet to broach more far-reaching questions regarding the textual status of Wallace’s work. This essay introduces the methodology of genetic criticism to Wallace studies, studying the composition of the short story ‘The Depressed Person’ in order to provide a template for much further genetic enquiry into Wallace’s canon. Genetic criticism involves the study of manuscripts and rough drafts with the aim of describing a process of writing. By treating text as process rather than as product, genetic criticism critiques the traditional notion of “the text itself.” Wallace’s writing shares a resistance to “finished products,” particularly after the publication of Infinite Jest, beginning with the volume of short stories Brief Interviews With Hideous Men (1999), in which the ‘The Depressed Person’ is collected; this is most emphatically the case for Wallace’s “unfinished” and posthumously published final novel The Pale King (2011), “the text” of which exists only in draft form. While reflecting on the relationship between the eponymous depressed person’s predicament and the story’s mode of composition, this essay moves on to consider the context for Wallace’s writing process in relation to influential modes of revision in modernism.
An optional C-terminal domain is ancestral in α-amylases of bilaterian animals
Authors: Da Lage Jean-Luc 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe modular structure and organization of most proteins is a fascinating aspect of their origin and evolution. α-Amylases are known to be formed of at least three domains. In a number of bacterial α-amylases, one or several additional domains may exist, which are carbohydrate binding modules, interacting with raw substrates. In animal α-amylases, however, no additional domain has been described. Here we report the presence of a C-terminal domain, previously described only in the bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis. This domain is widely distributed in invertebrate α-amylases and must be ancestral, although it has been lost in important phyla or groups, such as vertebrates and insects. Its function is still unknown. In a single genome, enzymes with and without the terminal domain may coexist. In a few instances, this domain has been recruited by other proteins in both bacteria and animals through domain shuffling.
Rhadinoviral interferon regulatory factor homologues
Authors: Koch Sandra , Schulz Thomas F. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), or human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) is a gammaherpesvirus and the etiological agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric Castleman disease. The KSHV genome contains genes for a unique group of proteins with homology to cellular interferon regulatory factors, termed viral interferon regulatory factors (vIRFs). This review will give an overview over the oncogenic, antiapoptotic and immunomodulatory characteristics of KSHV and related vIRFs.
An overview of computational methods for chemical equilibrium and kinetic calculations for geochemical and reactive transport modeling
Authors: Leal Allan M. M. , Kulik Dmitrii A. , Smith William R. , Saar Martin O. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
We present an overview of novel numerical methods for chemical equilibrium and kinetic calculations for complex non-ideal multiphase systems. The methods we present for equilibrium calculations are based either on Gibbs energy minimization (GEM) calculations or on solving the system of extended law of mass-action (xLMA) equations. In both methods, no a posteriori phase stability tests, and thus no tentative addition or removal of phases during or at the end of the calculations, are necessary. All potentially stable phases are considered from the beginning of the calculation, and stability indices are immediately available at the end of the computation to determine which phases are actually stable at equilibrium. Both GEM and xLMA equilibrium methods are tailored for computationally demanding applications that require many rapid local equilibrium calculations, such as reactive transport modeling. The numerical method for chemical kinetic calculations we present supports both closed and open systems, and it considers a partial equilibrium simplification for fast reactions. The method employs an implicit integration scheme that improves stability and speed when solving the often stiff differential equations in kinetic calculations. As such, it requires compositional derivatives of the reaction rates to assemble the Jacobian matrix of the resultant implicit algebraic equations that are solved at every time step. We present a detailed procedure to calculate these derivatives, and we show how the partial equilibrium assumption affects their computation. These numerical methods have been implemented in Reaktoro (reaktoro.org), an open-source software for modeling chemically reactive systems. We finish with a discussion on the comparison of these methods with others in the literature.
¿Resulta procedente una propuesta de armonización legislativa en el marco de la CAN, por el derecho a la pensión?*
Authors: Ferreira Amaya Melisa , Londoño Ospina Diana 
Published: May 2017

<p>El presente artículo pretende estudiar la viabilidad de una propuesta de armonización<br />legislativa en materia pensional en el marco de la CAN con base en el principio<br />integrador, rector de los países que conforman la unidad y por medio del cual se<br />pretende fomentar el desarrollo equilibrado de los países miembros en condición<br />de equidad, reflejada en la distribución equitativa, que permitirá trascender a una<br />alianza que vaya más allá de lo económico y de esta manera permitir a los Estados<br />miembros enfrentarse a los nuevos desafíos de la realidad mundial.<br />En ese sentido, en las presentes páginas se pudo determinar la importancia de la<br />armonización legislativa en materia pensional en el marco de la CAN, estableciendo<br />la naturaleza jurídica de dicha armonización legislativa, determinando su importancia<br />en materia pensional y, finalmente, puntualizando los temas que podrán ser<br />objeto de armonización legislativa frente al derecho a la pensión. </p><p>El anterior ejercicio académico permitió adelantar una investigación con enfoque<br />cualitativo mediante el método comparativo, por medio de la cual se pretendió captar<br />la realidad jurídica que en materia pensional ocurre en los países que conforman<br />la Comunidad Andina de Naciones.</p>
Predictive Genomic Analyses Inform the Basis for Vitamin Metabolism and Provisioning in Bacteria-Arthropod Endosymbioses
Authors: Serbus Laura R , Rodriguez Brian Garcia , Sharmin Zinat , Momtaz A J M Zehadee , Christensen Steen 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The requirement of vitamins for core metabolic processes creates a unique set of pressures for arthropods subsisting on nutrient-limited diets. While endosymbiotic bacteria carried by arthropods have been widely implicated in vitamin provisioning, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. To address this issue, standardized predictive assessment of vitamin metabolism was performed in 50 endosymbionts of insects and arachnids. The results predicted that arthropod endosymbionts overall have little capacity for complete de novo biosynthesis of conventional or active vitamin forms. Partial biosynthesis pathways were commonly predicted, suggesting a substantial role in vitamin provisioning. Neither taxonomic relationships between host and symbiont, nor the mode of host-symbiont interaction were clear predictors of endosymbiont vitamin pathway capacity. Endosymbiont genome size and the synthetic capacity of nonsymbiont taxonomic relatives were more reliable predictors. We developed a new software application that also predicted that last-step conversion of intermediates into active vitamin forms may contribute further to vitamin biosynthesis by endosymbionts. Most instances of predicted vitamin conversion were paralleled by predictions of vitamin use. This is consistent with achievement of provisioning in some cases through upregulation of pathways that were retained for endosymbiont benefit. The predicted absence of other enzyme classes further suggests a baseline of vitamin requirement by the majority of endosymbionts, as well as some instances of putative mutualism. Adaptation of this workflow to analysis of other organisms and metabolic pathways will provide new routes for considering the molecular basis for symbiosis on a comprehensive scale.