bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic Heterogeneity by Germline Mismatch Repair Gene Defect in Lynch Syndrome Patients
Authors: Hernâni-Eusébio Jorge , Barbosa Elisabete 
Published: October 2016

Introduction: Lynch syndrome is the most common form of hereditary colorectal cancer, being also responsible for endometrial and other types of cancers. It is associated with germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes and microsatellite instability. MLH1 and MSH2 mutations have a “classical” Lynch syndrome phenotype, with MSH2 having a higher association with extracolonic cancer. MSH6 and PMS2 mutations have an atypical phenotype. Clinical expression is heterogeneous, with correlation between mismatch repair mutated gene and phenotypic patterns.Material and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from patients fulfilling Amsterdam criteria or having mismatch repair gene mutations, between September 2012 and October 2015.Results: We identified 28 patients. Seventeen had colorectal cancer with right colon predominance. Five developed endometrial cancer (median age of diagnosis – 53), with no MSH6 mutations. Five developed other cancers. All mutated mismatch repair cases studied had microsatellite instability.Discussion: Most cases had MSH2 mutations despite MLH1 being described in the literature as the most frequently mutated. Interestingly, colorectal cancer patients showed no tendency for high inflammatory infiltrate. Despite the high incidence of synchronous and metachronous tumours, most patients underwent a partial colectomy. Prophylactic hysterectomy and adnexectomy was performed in menopausal/perimenopausal patients.Conclusion: A standardized registration of patient’s data may lead to better management and knowledge about Lynch syndrome. Use of Bethesda Guidelines might identify new cases non-identified by Amsterdam criteria. Microsatellite instability analysis must be performed in a much larger scale. The genotypic/phenotypic correlation described in the literature was not verified in our study with statistical significance, perhaps due to small data sample and insufficient clinical registration.
A reafirmação do Projeto Ético-Político do Serviço Social: um desafio urgente
Authors: Carvalho Fabiana Aparecida de 
Published: October 2016

O presente artigo reflete a necessidade urgente e contemporânea acerca da reafirmação do Projeto Ético-Político da categoria do Serviço Social. Através da participação de alguns fóruns de articulação profissional de base, como reuniões de comissões de conselhos de direito, grupo de estudos e eventos de formação profissional, como palestras e seminários em diversos municípios de diferentes Estados brasileiros, deparei-me com inúmeras assistentes sociais que questionam a legitimidade do Projeto Ético-Político, bem como do próprio Código de Ética da profissão. Trata-se de um evento que destaca um movimento paradoxal entre a academia e a base profissional. Nesse sentido, propõe-se o convite à (re)visitação a esses princípios e à reafirmação dos mesmos. Compreendendo assim, que a práxis profissional deve alcançar a práxis social e materializar-se em lutas políticas em favor de um novo modelo societário, que não seja o capitalismo e a sua insaciável sede de lucro e mais valia. Um modelo que não justifique suas crises capitais para adensar a miséria de muitos seres humanos. Abstract: This article reflects the urgent and contemporary about the reaffirmation of the ethicalpolitical project of the category of Social Work. Through participation in some forums to articulate professional basis, including meetings of committees of boards of law, the study group and training events such as lectures and seminars in various cities of different states of Brazil, I came across numerous social workers who question the legitimacy of the Ethical Political Project, as well as the Code of Ethics of the profession. This is an event that highlights a paradoxical movement between academia and professional basis. Accordingly, it is proposed to call for (re) visitation to the reaffirmation of these principles and the same. Understanding then, that professional practice must achieve social praxis and effect in political struggles in favor of a new corporate model, that is not capitalism and its insatiable thirst for profit and added value. A model that does not justify their attacks to capital deepening the misery of many humans.
Multiphase Forces on Bends – Large Scale 6" Experiments
Authors: Belfroid S. P. , Nennie E. , Lewis M. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Large scale (6") flow experiments have been performed to determine the flow induced forces on a 1.5D horizontal bend in single and multiphase conditions. Multiphase experimens were performed between vsg = 1 – 45 m/s and vsl, =0.004 – 4 m/s at near atmospheric air-water conditions, resulting in a wide range of flow regimes. The bend was fully instrumented with dynamic pressure sensors, force sensors and strain (static and piezo) gauges, upstream and downstream tomography and upstream and downstream video section. Three configurations were evaluated: single bend and upstream Ubend configuration (horizontal and vertical). For the single bend, the upstream holdup characteristics with respect to frequency and wave/slug velocities corresponded well to literature data, indicating developed flow. The force measurements reproduced via F(t)=(p(t)+ρ(t)vwave,slug2)A, in which for the pressure and density the upstream conditions were used. The wave and slug velocity were detetermined via a cross correlation between the upstream and downstream holdup signals. The total force can be estimated via Frms = C(ρl vm2A)We-0.4, with C ~ 25. This is in line with literature data for larger ID pipes but higher than C ~10 for smaller ID tubes. The measured PSD of the force does have the same width as stated in literature.
The Psychological Risk Management of Oil and Gas Workers
Authors: Korneeva Yana , Simonova Natalia , Tyulyubaeva Tamara 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
High-tech manufacturing, production and transportation of hazardous substances in the oil and gas mining are a serious threat to the environment and health of the workers. Most of oil and gas fields are located in remote regions, and therefore the shift work method is applied. This work form requires the group isolation. What contributes to the special attention to the human factor in ensuring safety at oil and gas fields. One way to solve this problem is to define and manage the psychological risks of oil and gas workers. The psychological risk is the probability of professional destruction and formation of unfavorable functional states of shift workers owing to prolonged negative social and industrial factors and having a deficit of personal and environmental recourses. We have developed an approach of qualitative and quantitative risk assessment. Qualitative analysis is to identify the type of risk assessment and bases and quantification is performed by dividing the number of workers who experience the change in the psychological status, the total number of staff in an organization, and multiplied by 100%. The study identified downside risks to the health and development of stress in employees of different professional groups: operators of oil and gas, other operators, drivers, engineers and technical workers and service technicians (maximum different in terms of labor and skill requirements). Risk management should be based on three main areas: control, isolation and decline. The study was sponsored by the Russian President's grant for state support of young Russian scientists - PhD (MK-7500.2016.6).
Application of Pressure Transient Analysis and Rate Transient Analysis to Dynamic Evaluation on Dry-Gas Reinjection in a Gas Condensate Reservoir with Strong Aquifer Support
Authors: Yong Li , Jing Zhang , Yuwei Jiao , Baozhu Li , Jing Xia , Wei Xie 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
For gas condensate reservoirs with high condensate content, cyclic dry-gas reinjection is usually adopted to improve recovery. But cyclic gas reinjection gradually changes the composition and distribution of reservoir fluid, which causes much more difficulties for dynamic evaluation of this kind of reservoirs, especially for the reservoirs with strong bottom or edge aquifer support. This paper presents the dynamic evaluation on dry-gas reinjection in a gas condensate reservoir with strong aquifer support.
The method mainly involves pressure transient analysis and rate transient analysis (RTA). Firstly, pressure transient data are interpreted, and reservoir properties and its variation are evaluated. Then all wells are classified into different types based on well test log-log curve shape and its change. Furthermore, all producers are also analyzed based on RTA, and RTA type curve characteristics and diagnostics for different type of wells are also determined. Finally, results and understandings interpreted from surveillance data are analyzed and compared, from which reasons for well performance variation are determined.
This new method has been applied to Y gas condensate reservoir in China. The massive cyclic dry-gas injection of Y reservoir started in 2001, and current gas condensate recovery is higher than 40%. A total of 145 pressure build-up tests were conducted since then. Through detailed interpretation, reservoir properties and their variation behavior, such as permeability, skin factor, aquifer distance, etc. were evaluated. Based on analysis of the results, producers are classified into four types: performance no change type, condensate banking type, aquifer influx type, and injection gas breakthrough type. Furthermore, the 4 types of producers are also identified based on the type curve diagnostic of rate transient analysis. Through detailed comparison of results from the two methods, the reasons for the difference of different type of wells are analyzed and determined in combination with other production data and surveillance data. The understandings are used for cyclic gas injection adjustment, which improves the performance of Y gas condensate reservoir.
This systematic technique has been successfully applied to Y gas condensate reservoir in Tarim Basin of China, which properly and correctly evaluates the reservoir properties around both producers and injectors. It also provides a reliable method for decision making of cyclic gas injection adjustment, such as producer conversion, well infilling, etc., which is helpful for effective and economic development of this kind of reservoir.
Non-Technical Risks: A Practical Guide for Integration, Execution and Leadership
Authors: Kenzhetayeva Zarina , Holding Peter , Stig Carsten 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In complex high-investment assets, project owners are primarily focused on engineering and geological uncertainties. Non-technical risks (NTRs), misunderstood or mispriced, pose huge impediments to the success in the current energy landscape, on average accounting for 75% performance failures. This paper presents a new integrated approach applied to the capital Project X situated near the Caspian Sea. The case study explores contingency recommendations, heat maps and correlation matrices to integrate NTRs into ongoing venture management.
The proposed methodology is summarized in the following key milestones. 1st Process walkthroughs to obtain snapshot of internal system and identify key areas of NTRs. 2nd Value and interaction maps for visual alignment of identified challenges and the first level insight of potential interfaces. 3rd Development of a macro picture for NTRs integration using risk wheel, heat map, and bow-tie diagram; identification of optimal risk-taking zone and value impact simulation using Monte Carlo approach. 4th A trial assessment and prioritization of NTRs, according to their criticality to the project and potential manageability.
The suggested approach was applied in Project X to amplify the universe of risks that is making up the current risk profile. Risk interactions were mapped in a correlation matrix; NTRs with complex risk nature were broken down into components to identify the root cause of events leading to its occurrence. Using qualitative criteria and speed of onset, risk interactions were evaluated for the highest risks and plotted in a heat map for a further prioritization. Based on simulation of impact, 55% of listed "key" risks are NTRs which confirmed the practical applicability of the suggested method. Full scale implementation of the proposed approach reduced bias towards operational threats across the project spectrum, increased awareness of teams towards potential risk sources, implemented more stringent levers of venture control resulting in better informed and confident investment decisions at the Consortium level.
The novelty of presented work is a coherent approach that is still new for the petroleum industry. While not intended to replace already existing risk strategies, it challenges the technical mindset traditionally adopted in capital projects. The proposed method allows project teams, whether novices or experts, to react more proactively towards NTRs, building a solid foundation for the dynamic process that recognize the diverse nature of risk in the modern petroleum business.
Comprehensive Approach to Job Design for Perforating in Hostile Wells with Advanced Coiled Tubing Gun Deployment System
Authors: Panferov Rostislav , Burov Anton , Zhandin Alexander , Ghioca Gelu , Boulter Derek 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Well commissioning operations offshore encounter multiple organizational, operational and technical challenges that must be safely overcome to efficiently deliver high-quality service. Coiled tubing (CT) perforation and commissioning performed in hostile reservoir conditions and high pressure is one of the most complicated multiservice operations, especially in a sensitive aquifer ecosystem like the shallow Caspian basin. A comprehensive approach used to deploy an innovative solution to the challenges provided experience in such operations and lessons learned.
An innovative perforation technique was selected for the project: electric-line-enabled CT for precise depth control in combination with an advanced gun deployment system for conveyance of long gun strings under pressure. New techniques were incorporated to improve equipment efficiency and reliability: detonation shock-resistant bottomhole assembly, two independent emergency disconnects, software to predict and evaluate shock load and dynamic underbalance, high-pressure H2S-rated and conventional connectors for a specialized tool deployment stack (TDS), rounded scallop guns, and high-tensile CT logging-head-disconnect weak points.
To date, more than 10 well commissioning operations were successfully completed with this innovative method. Integrated service project management was a key approach to achieving successful results by effectively integrating multiple service lines. The technique proved to effectively minimize operational time, associated risks, improper equipment use, and interface failures between different service lines. The developed solution is a seamless integration of electric-line-enabled CT, the CT logging head, the gun deployment system for pressurized well conditions, and a set of wireline tools and specialized perforation equipment. The design was optimized to perforate the well in three or four runs at overbalanced condition (squeeze mode) in one rig-up job instead of the more than 20 wireline runs typical in conventional operations. Additionally, the use of CT provided the flexibility to perform pumping operations for well displacement, injection of an H2S scavenger, and stimulation, as per the operator's plan, without or with only partial rig-down.
This was the first time that integrated service project with the described CT perforation technique was performed in the Caspian region. The acquired experience will facilitate design, preparation, and execution stages for such type of jobs with multiple services involved.
Plunger Lift System Restores Production in Previously Abandoned Gas Condensate Well
Authors: Nurkas Zhassulan 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In mature gas and gas condensate wells, the accumulation of fluids in the well can decrease and sometimes stop gas production. Gas flow is typically maintained by removing the accumulated fluids (also termed liquid loading) through the use of either a reciprocating rod lift (RRL) system or remedial treatments, such as swabbing, soaping, or venting the well to atmospheric pressure (referred to as "blowing down" the well). Installing a plunger lift system is a cost-effective alternative for removing liquids. With proper candidate well selection and plunger lift application, technology can be very effective and reliable to restore and maintain production in naturally flowing wells
This paper discusses the candidate well selection process and application benefits of plunger lift on a well example in Kazakhstan. The use of the plunger-lift system reduced capital costs by more than 3 times compared with using a traditional RRL system.
Successful Classical Production Optimisation Approach to Prolong the Field Life by Means of Well Cycling and Well Rocking in Extremely High Water Cut Gas Wells – A Case Study in Offshore Malaysia
Authors: Mithani Aijaz Hussain , Aziz M Faiz 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
"M" carbonate gas field in central Luconia province, offshore, Sarawak, Malaysia has been on production since 1995. The field is at the end of its life and all the gas producers scattered around the field are watered out having water cuts more than 95%. One of the main issues currently faced by reservoir management team is the prediction and handling of extremely high water breakthroughs at the existing producers. This paper outlines the basic and simple ways on how the team maximise the recovery from wells nearing end of life whilst minimising the cost of replacing water handling facilities at surface by adopting an approach of converting one of deepest gas producer well into Water Disposal Well (WDW), brought in the technique of well cycling and use of well rocking– method of unloading a well with other well.
The field observed an early water breakthrough than expected and thus producing high amount of water. Since then the water imposes threats to gas production and water handling facilities. To cope with this issue various measures were taken. Team then proposes the efficient approach of well cycling, when gas rates decline, conversion of one of gas producer, deepest in formation, to be the WDW to facilitate the water production that is currently at 95% and then using the "well-rocking" for well unloading.
The contribution from above techniques has proven an incremental reserves of 8% from existing wells with minimal additional cost. After the successful implementation and results of above programme, same has been applied to another nearby field which has proven the same results.
The paper summarises the main issue of early water breakthrough and an effort to prolong the field production and results of converting gas producer to WDW, implications of cyclic production and their results, monitoring and example from two (2) fields.
Recovery of Fracture Orientation and Fluid Saturation by Scattered Waves: Numerical Experiments and Field Observations
Authors: Galina Reshetova , Vladimir Almaty Tcheverda , Anastasiya Novosibirsk Merzlikina , Valery Shilikov 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The main peculiarity of hydrocarbon reservoirs in carbonate environment is impermeability of the rock matrix. Oil is concentrated within cavities, but flows through the system of fractures. Hence, it is important not only to identify the presence of fractures, but also to determine their dominant orientation. This knowledge is necessary to optimize location and direction of horizontal wells to guarantee optimal exploration of the reservoir.
The necessary stage to reveal manifestation of fracture corridors and their orientation is detailed analysis of the synthetic seismograms simulated for realistic geological model of the cracked reservoir. We developed special software to do that for 3D realistic heterogeneous multiscale media and applied it for typical model of the fractured carbonate reservoirs of East Siberia. Results of the series of numerical experiment prove that orientation of fracture corridors and fluid saturation of the reservoir have significant impact in the scattered waves. The next stage is to separate scattering and specular reflections. To do that we compute selective images and use them to localize areas with higher fracturing and fluid saturation. To conclude our analysis we present results of real data processing for some oil deposits in East Siberia and their valdation on well test data.
Concerns of Sesmic Data Processing for Scattering Waves Separation in Order to Fracturing Forecast
Authors: Voronin Andrei , Sergeev Sergei , Shevchenko Svetlana 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In the paper authors describe how seismic data disturbances affect scattering wave separation. They provide a set of recommendations for processing procedures that would improve the reliability of results.
The original method based on mathematically precise solution of inverse scattering problem was performed to separate scattered waves from full multifold seismic data.
Input data was modelled 2D seismograms and 3D field seismic data. Authors made observations on scattered wave separation result after adding different disturbances to modeled data and after different processing stages on real 3D data. Some conclusions and recommendations were made based on the observations.
The paper shouldn't be considered as a deepest research of the problem. Only the main kinds of seismic data disturbances are examined.
Hybrid EOR Technology: Carbonated Water and Smart Water Improved Recovery in Oil Wet Carbonate Formation
Authors: Kilybay Alibi , Ghosh Bisweswar , Thomas Nithin Chacko , Aras Priyadarshan 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Search for an alternative, cheap and environmental friendly EOR method has resulted in the development and subsequent field implementation of Smart Water Injection (SWI) and CO2 injection (COI). Though miscible COI has multi-fold advantages, carbonated water injection (CWI) may surpass COI in terms of volume requirement and efficiency. This research work is focused on finding the benefits of combination of SWI & CWI in terms of reduced residual saturations in oil wet carbonate formation.
In order to measure the recovery efficiency, core flooding experiments are conducted with SWI as a tertiary recovery following sea water secondary recovery. This is followed by quaternary recovery using smart water saturated with CO2 (CSWI). Three high potential smart water compositions are screened and the best one is chosen for oil recovery studies. Effluent samples collected at pre-defined pore volume injection intervals are analyzed in ppm level using ICP-MS. The analysis is supported by NMR porosity distribution studies, interfacial tension and zeta-potential studies.
Core flooding results showed that tertiary recovery with SWI resulted in 4.8 - 9.5% recovery, whereas the quaternary recovery with CSWI resulted in 5.7 % to 13.6% additional oil. The underlying physical processes and the pore-scale mechanisms of fluid-fluid and fluid-solid interactions during SWI-CWI are explained in terms of surface potential, electrical double layer, oil swelling factor, droplet coalescence, wettability alteration and flow diversion due to fluid redistribution within the pore network.
From this study it is established that CSWI could be a novel and promising EOR technique among the latest EOR methods. CSWI has an advantage over COI due to the fact that it exists as a dissolved gas instead of free phase. It eliminates the requirement for high pressure system, the problems of gravity segregation and poor sweep efficiency. Combination of CWI with SWI can make it an effective EOR solution with significant cost advantage, higher oil recovery in addition to the environmental benefits of CO2 sequestration.