bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved Solar-Driven Photocatalytic Performance of Highly Crystalline Hydrogenated TiO2 Nanofibers with Core-Shell Structure
Authors: Wu Ming-Chung , Chen Ching-Hsiang , Huang Wei-Kang , Hsiao Kai-Chi , Lin Ting-Han , Chan Shun-Hsiang , Wu Po-Yeh , Lu Chun-Fu , Chang Yin-Hsuan , Lin Tz-Feng , Hsu Kai-Hsiang , Hsu Jen-Fu , Lee Kun-Mu , Shyue Jing-Jong , Kordás Krisztián , Su Wei-Fang 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHydrogenated titanium dioxide has attracted intensive research interests in pollutant removal applications due to its high photocatalytic activity. Herein, we demonstrate hydrogenated TiO2 nanofibers (H:TiO2 NFs) with a core-shell structure prepared by the hydrothermal synthesis and subsequent heat treatment in hydrogen flow. H:TiO2 NFs has excellent solar light absorption and photogenerated charge formation behavior as confirmed by optical absorbance, photo-Kelvin force probe microscopy and photoinduced charge carrier dynamics analyses. Photodegradation of various organic dyes such as methyl orange, rhodamine 6G and brilliant green is shown to take place with significantly higher rates on our novel catalyst than on pristine TiO2 nanofibers and commercial nanoparticle based photocatalytic materials, which is attributed to surface defects (oxygen vacancy and Ti3+ interstitial defect) on the hydrogen treated surface. We propose three properties/mechanisms responsible for the enhanced photocatalytic activity, which are: (1) improved absorbance allowing for increased exciton generation, (2) highly crystalline anatase TiO2 that promotes fast charge transport rate, and (3) decreased charge recombination caused by the nanoscopic Schottky junctions at the interface of pristine core and hydrogenated shell thus promoting long-life surface charges. The developed H:TiO2 NFs can be helpful for future high performance photocatalysts in environmental applications.
CoFe2O4@MIL-100(Fe) hybrid magnetic nanoparticles exhibit fast and selective adsorption of arsenic with high adsorption capacity
Authors: Yang Ji-Chun , Yin Xue-Bo 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this study, we report the synthesis and application of mesoporous CoFe2O4@MIL-100(Fe) hybrid magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for the simultaneous removal of inorganic arsenic (iAs). The hybrid adsorbent had a core-shell and mesoporous structure with an average diameter of 260 nm. The nanoscale size and mesoporous character impart a fast adsorption rate and high adsorption capacity for iAs. In total, 0.1 mg L−1 As(V) and As(III) could be adsorbed within 2 min, and the maximum adsorption capacities were 114.8 mg g−1 for As(V) and 143.6 mg g−1 for As(III), higher than most previously reported adsorbents. The anti-interference capacity for iAs adsorption was improved by the electrostatic repulsion and size exclusion effects of the MIL-100(Fe) shell, which also decreased the zero-charge point of the hybrid absorbent for a broad pH adsorption range. The adsorption mechanisms of iAs on the MNPs are proposed. An Fe-O-As structure was formed on CoFe2O4@MIL-100(Fe) through hydroxyl substitution with the deprotonated iAs species. Monolayer adsorption of As(V) was observed, while hydrogen bonding led to the multi-layer adsorption of neutral As(III) for its high adsorption capacity. The high efficiency and the excellent pH- and interference-tolerance capacities of CoFe2O4@MIL-100(Fe) allowed effective iAs removal from natural water samples, as validated with batch magnetic separation mode and a portable filtration strategy.
Electrolytic ammonia removal and current efficiency by a vermiculite-packed electrochemical reactor
Authors: Li Liang , Yao Ji , Fang Xueyou , Huang Yuanxing , Mu Yan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe ammonia removal as well as the current efficiency during electrolysis was investigated by using a vermiculite-packed electrochemical reactor under continuous mode. Experimental results showed that adsorption of ammonia by vermiculite and electrolytic desorption of ammonia simultaneously existed in the reactor, leading to 89% removal of initial 30 mg N/L ammonia and current efficiency of 25% under the condition of 2.0 A, 6.0 min hydraulic retention time with 300 mg Cl/L chloride as the catalyst. The ammonia removal capacity had a linear relationship with the products of hydraulic retention time, current and chloride concentration within experimental conditions. The treatment results of secondary effluent indicated that 29.9 mg N/L ammonia can be reduced to 4.6 mg N/L with 72% removal of total nitrogen and a current efficiency of 23%, which was 2% less than synthetic wastewater due to the reducing components in the real wastewater.
Motor control by precisely timed spike patterns
Authors: Srivastava Kyle H. , Holmes Caroline M. , Vellema Michiel , Pack Andrea R. , Elemans Coen P. H. , Nemenman Ilya , Sober Samuel J. 
Published: January 2017

SignificanceA crucial problem in neuroscience is understanding how neural activity (sequences of action potentials or “spikes”) controls muscles, and hence motor behaviors. Traditional theories of brain function assume that information from the nervous system to the muscles is conveyed by the total number of spikes fired within a particular time interval. Here, we combine physiological, behavioral, and computational techniques to show that, at least in one relatively simple behavior—respiration in songbirds—the precise timing of spikes, rather than just their number, plays a crucial role in predicting and causally controlling behavior. These findings suggest that basic assumptions about neural motor control require revision and may have significant implications for designing neural prosthetics and brain–machine interfaces.
A Quantitative Chronology of Diurnal Feeding in Juvenile Pacific Salmon
Authors: Munsch Stuart H. , Cordell Jeffery R. , Toft Jason D. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDaily cycles in feeding intensity are common among fish and suggestive of ecological trade‐offs and constraints. However, feeding chronologies are typically estimated from diets rather than in situ observations. As a consequence, our understanding of daily feeding patterns is often imprecise, which limits our ability to infer connections between these patterns and their drivers. Here we quantify in unprecedented temporal resolution the real‐time diurnal feeding behavior of a fish assemblage. Snorkelers observed juvenile Pacific salmonOncorhynchusspp. in estuarine waters between dawn and early evening. Fish fed throughout the day, with intake declining after dawn, and individuals allocated about 20% of their time to feeding at sunrise, declining to about 5% in the early evening. Many factors potentially influenced this behavior, including predation avoidance, physiological constraints, prey availability, and mandates for growth and migration. Prey mass in the stomachs of these fish increased shortly after dawn, reaching relatively stable levels through the afternoon. Thus, diet metrics detected the presence of feeding but not temporal changes in feeding intensity. Diets appear to provide limited information on the timing and intensity of feeding, and we may therefore only vaguely understand daily feeding patterns of fish when examining diets alone.Received June 17, 2016; accepted October 31, 2016 Published online January 19, 2017
Relay exchanges in elite short track speed skating
Authors: Hext Andrew , Heller Ben , Kelley John , Goodwill Simon 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn short track speed skating, the relay exchange provides an additional strategic component to races by allowing a team to change the skater involved in the pack race. Typically executed every 1½ laps, it is the belief of skaters and coaches that during this period of the race, time can be gained or lost due to the execution of the relay exchange. As such, the aim of this study was to examine the influence of the relay exchange on a team's progression through a 5000 m relay race. Using data collected from three World Cup relay events during the 2012–2013 season, the time taken to complete the straight for the scenarios with and without the relay exchange were compared at different skating speeds for the corner exit prior to the straight. Overall, the influence of the relay exchange was found to be dependent on this corner exit speed. At slower corner exit speeds (12.01–13.5 m/s), relay exchange straight times were significantly faster than the free skating scenario (P < 0.01). While at faster corner exit speeds (14.01–15 m/s), straight times were significantly slower (P < 0.001). The findings of this study suggest that the current norm of executing relay exchanges every 1½ laps may not be optimal. Instead, varying the frequency of relay exchange execution throughout the race could allow: (1) time to be gained relative to other teams; and (2) facilitate other race strategies by providing an improved opportunity to overtake.
Using the self‐determination theory to understand Chinese adolescent leisure‐time physical activity
Authors: Wang Lijuan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPurposes: This study applies the self‐determination theory (SDT) to test the hypothesized relationships among perceived autonomy support from parents, physical education (PE) teachers, and peers, the fulfilment of psychological needs (i.e., autonomy, competence, and relatedness), autonomous motivation, and leisure‐time physical activity of Chinese adolescents. Method: There are 255 grade six to eight student participants from four middle schools around Shanghai, China included in this study. An accelerometer was used to measure the moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The participants completed the questionnaires regarding SDT variables. The structural equation modelling was applied to examine the hypothesized relationships among the study variables. Results: The model of hypothesized relationships demonstrated a good fit with the data [X2 = 20.84, df = 9, P = .01; CFI = 0.98; IFI = 0.98; SRMR = 0.04; RMSEA = 0.05]. The findings revealed that autonomy support from parents, PE teachers, and peers foster social conditions in which the three basic psychological needs can be met. In turn, autonomy, competence, and relatedness are positively associated with autonomous motivation for MVPA. The autonomous motivation positively relates to the MVPA time of adolescents. The three psychological needs partially mediate the influence of autonomy support from parents (β = 0.18, P < .01; Bootstrap 95% CI = 0.06–0.33) and teachers (β = 0.17, P < .01; Bootstrap 95% CI = 0.03–0.26) in the autonomous motivation. Conclusion: In conclusion, these findings support the applicability of SDT in understanding and promoting physical activity of Chinese adolescents.
Relation between arterial stiffness and aerobic capacity: Importance of proximal aortic stiffness
Authors: Tomoto Tsubasa , Maeda Seiji , Sugawara Jun 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBrachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) has become a popular modality of arterial stiffness measurement. However, its projected arterial segment does not include the proximal aorta which plays important roles for attenuating cardiac pulsation and reducing afterload. We hypothesised that aerobic capacity would be more strongly associated with PWV including the proximal aorta than that omitting the proximal aorta. To test our hypothesis, we compared the association between aerobic capacity and arterial stiffness parameters omitting vs. including the proximal aorta (i.e. baPWV vs. heart‐ankle PWV [haPWV]) in 82 apparently healthy men (18–64 years). Estimated VO2max significantly correlated with baPWV (r = −0.394, P < .001), and more strongly with haPWV (r = −0.546, P < .001). The forward stepwise multi‐regression analysis revealed that haPWV (β = −0.335), as well as age, heart rate, and body mass index (β = −0.280 to −0.297), was a significant independent determinant explaining variance of estimated VO2max. These results suggest that aerobic capacity is influenced more strongly by the proximal aortic stiffness than distal aortic stiffness.
Influence of cold‐water immersion on limb blood flow after resistance exercise
Authors: Mawhinney Chris , Jones Helen , Low David A. , Green Daniel J. , Howatson Glyn , Gregson Warren 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis study determined the influence of cold (8°C) and cool (22°C) water immersion on lower limb and cutaneous blood flow following resistance exercise. Twelve males completed 4 sets of 10‐repetition maximum squat exercise and were then immersed, semi‐reclined, into 8°C or 22°C water for 10‐min, or rested in a seated position (control) in a randomized order on different days. Rectal and thigh skin temperature, muscle temperature, thigh and calf skin blood flow and superficial femoral artery blood flow were measured before and after immersion. Indices of vascular conductance were calculated (flux and blood flow/mean arterial pressure). The colder water reduced thigh skin temperature and deep muscle temperature to the greatest extent (P < .001). Reductions in rectal temperature were similar (0.2–0.4°C) in all three trials (P = .69). Femoral artery conductance was similar after immersion in both cooling conditions, with both conditions significantly lower (55%) than the control post‐immersion (P < .01). Similarly, there was greater thigh and calf cutaneous vasoconstriction (40–50%) after immersion in both cooling conditions, relative to the control (P < .01), with no difference between cooling conditions. These findings suggest that cold and cool water similarly reduce femoral artery and cutaneous blood flow responses but not muscle temperature following resistance exercise.
“How Does He Get His Magic?”
Authors: Rocha Cristina 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis chapter investigates John of God’s healing practices and beliefs and their place in the Brazilian religious arena. The author argues that they derive from a hybrid set of beliefs from popular Catholicism, Kardecist Spiritism, and Umbanda (a Brazilian religion that itself blends Catholicism, Kardecist Spiritism, and African and Amerindian religions). The chapter explains the arrival and dissemination of French Kardecist Spiritism in Brazil, and then explores Kardecist Spiritism’s concepts of illness and healing, which are used to explain healings (and also their absence) at Casa de Dom Inácio, John of God’s “spiritual hospital.” Subsequently, it addresses Kardecist Spiritism’s historical relationship with Umbanda, the Catholic Church, and biomedicine in Brazil, and the ways in which the law has persecuted psychic healers, including John of God. Finally, it examines John of God’s charismatic authority and his hybrid religious practices.
Abadiânia as a “Touristic Borderzone”
Authors: Rocha Cristina 
Published: January 2017

AbstractChapter 4 explores the relationships between locals and foreigners in the town of Abadiânia. Following Bruner (1996), the author deploys the concept of touristic borderzone, that is, the place of contact between the West and the borders of the developing world. She argues that Abadiânia has become a stage where Westerners and locals develop a creative cultural coproduction and are transformed by this encounter, although on unequal terms. Furthermore, this chapter demonstrates that global cities are not the only places profoundly transformed by globalization. Smaller towns may also participate in this process and become centers of international flows. The author contends that the economic hothousing of Abadiânia is a consequence of it being drawn into a global network of sites of pilgrimage. As a consequence, it resembles a global village, rather than a little town in central Brazil.
Flows into the Global North
Authors: Rocha Cristina 
Published: January 2017

AbstractChapter 6 examines the transnationalization of the John of God movement, focusing particularly on the ways it puts down roots in the West. It argues that, in a seeming paradox, the John of God movement is able to grow outside Brazil because there is a strong pull in the opposite direction—toward Abadiânia. Because followers come to regard the Casa as their “spiritual home,” they work on ways of keeping their transnational connection to the Casa when they are away from Brazil. To this end, the chapter analyzes their feelings of being at home in the Casa and Abadiânia, their nostalgia when they are away, and the ways in which they address this nostalgia. In brief, the author contends that it is the spiritual and community belonging they find in Abadiânia, but not where they live, which has generated the movement’s quick global growth in the past decade.
Localizing Flows
Authors: Rocha Cristina 
Published: January 2017

AbstractChapter 7 analyzes the particular ways in which the John of God movement takes root in Australia and New Zealand in order to show how the process of glocalization takes place. It investigates how white Australians and New Zealanders deploy the beliefs they acquire at the Casa in relation to their own countries’ history. The author argues that their appropriation of Spiritism fulfills a romantic yearning for a world that does not suffer the negative effects of the highly industrialized society they live in. Such romantic yearning is inflected by the dark history of the European and Indigenous encounter in these settler societies. Importantly, this chapter also argues that there is a much more complex relationship between New Agers and Aborigines, which cannot be regarded as simple “appropriation.” In sum, it demonstrates the ways in which Indigenous peoples are enmeshed in modernity and the process of globalization.
Conclusion
Authors: Rocha Cristina 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn the conclusion, the author tries to think beyond her work, pointing to the broader issues this book addresses. Her multi-sited fieldwork reveals the complex ways in which the Global North engages with the Global South; the importance of globalization and transnationalism in the shaping of new ideas and spiritual practices in late modernity; the ways in which modernity is articulated with tradition, both in the West and in Brazil; the appeal and efficacy of alternative healing practices; and the ways in which the global is profoundly enmeshed in the local. Finally, she suggests future likely developments for the John of God movement, as well as for studies of spirituality and healing in an era of globalization.
A New Birth of Poverty
Authors: Hirota Hidetaka 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This chapter analyzes how the problem of idle poverty provoked the expansion of immigration policy in New York and Massachusetts during the Civil War and Reconstruction. In the 1860s states faced the burgeoning presence of vagrants, who lived on streets begging despite their physical ability to work. In northeastern states, vagrancy was closely associated with immigration, as the Irish accounted for a large portion of the vagrant population. When an economic depression in the early 1870s exacerbated the already alarming state of vagrancy and pauperism in New York City, the New York legislature increased the number of officials charged with immigration control. Massachusetts also expanded state immigration policy by making immigrant vagrants deportable, just like paupers and lunatics. New York and Massachusetts officials’ uninterrupted determination to exclude and deport destitute foreigners during Reconstruction eventually triggered the introduction of national immigration legislation in the early 1880s.
Radio talk, pranks, and multilingualism
Authors: Spilioti Tereza 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis chapter examines how language use in the media can reveal processes of sociolinguistic change but may also constitute sociolinguistic change in its own right. By focusing on radio pranks targeting members of the public during the Greek financial crisis, the chapter shows how language-ideological change can be tracked through shifts in the language forms and practices people laugh at. It also argues that language-ideological change is associated with processes of sociocultural (re)alignment of languages, as well as acute sociopolitical changes. More specifically, fluency in English is used as a resource for styling Greek identities and for recasting intra-national political differences that have resurged during the crisis. Such media stylizations of ‘English’ elements not only contribute to reinforcing indexical relations between linguistic forms and social meanings but also attest to increasing visibility and social awareness of new socioculturally meaningful contrasts.
Brand styling, enregisterment, and change
Authors: Kelly-Holmes Helen 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMarketing and advertising texts are important sites for signaling and also contributing to sociolinguistic change. For example, advertising language can maintain, challenge, or create new linguistic norms as well as document usage and practices. Linguistic fetish and styling in advertisements both rely on and contribute to enregisterment processes. This chapter explores one particular example of brand styling using ‘fake French’ and the French linguistic fetish in advertising, namely an advertisement for a cider produced by European lager brand Stella Artois. The analysis highlights how the brand is in fact making use of a metaparodic frame, simultaneously asserting and parodying its stylized ‘fake French’ style, and how the consumer is complicit in co-constructing this metaparody.
Poverty Trends in Pakistan
Authors: Whitney Edward , Nazli Hina , Mahrt Kristi 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The official estimates of poverty in Pakistan have shown a remarkable and consistent decline in the poverty headcount during the previous decade. This chapter examines trends in poverty between 2001 and 2011 using the official food energy intake and the cost of basic needs approaches, both of which are modified to allow poverty lines to vary over time and space. The first method is the basis for the official government methodology for estimating poverty; the latter method provides utility-consistent poverty lines through the imposition of revealed preference conditions in maximum-entropy adjustments. Evidence from both methods suggests that poverty incidence increased rather than declined as indicated in the official estimates.
Multidimensional Assessment of Child Welfare for Tanzania
Authors: Arndt Channing , Leyaro Vincent , Mahrt Kristi , Tarp Finn 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Identifying trends in living standards in Tanzania has been a subject of considerable interest. Analysis of a household budget survey conducted in 2007 revealed consumption poverty rates approximately similar to the rates calculated from a comparable survey conducted in 2001. This stagnation in consumption poverty occurred despite relatively high published rates of economic growth over the same period and little change in measured inequality. Price inflation over the same period as measured by the household budget survey also differed drastically from inflation rates derived from the published consumer price index (CPI) and the GDP deflator. The growth–poverty–inequality conundrum alongside the wide divergences in measured inflation provoked a great deal of analysis. More recently in 2015, the World Bank published a poverty assessment based on a household budget survey conducted in 2011/12 and found a reduction in consumption poverty of about six percentage points.