bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How do fungal partners affect the evolution and habitat preferences of mycoheterotrophic plants? A case study inGastrodia
Authors: Kinoshita Akihiko , Ogura‐Tsujita Yuki , Umata Hidetaka , Sato Hiroki , Hashimoto Toshimasa , Yukawa Tomohisa 
Published: February 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Since mycoheterotrophic plants (MHPs) completely depend on their mycorrhizal fungi for carbon, selection of fungal partners has an important role in the speciation of MHPs. However, the causes and mechanisms of mycobiont changes during speciation are not clear. We tested fungal partner shifts and changes in mycorrhizal specificity during speciation of three closely related MHPs—Gastrodia confusa(Gc),G. pubilabiata(Gp), andG. nipponica(Gn) (Orchidaceae)—and correlations between these changes and the vegetation types where each species grows.METHODS:We investigated the diversity of mycobionts of the three species by sequencing nrDNA ITS, and the sequence data were subjected to test changes in fungal specificity and fungal partner shifts among the three species. Furthermore, we conducted multivariate analysis to test for differences in mycobiont communities of vegetation types where each species grows.KEY RESULTS:Two saprobic Basidiomycota, Marasmiaceae and Mycenaceae, were dominant fungal partners of the three species, andGnwas simultaneously associated with the ectomycorrhizal Russulaceae and Sebacinaceae. Although mycobiont composition differed among the three species, they also sometimes shared identical fungal species. Multivariate analysis revealed that mycobiont communities of the three species in bamboo thickets differed significantly from those in other vegetation types.CONCLUSIONS:Fungal partner shifts are not necessarily associated with the evolution of MHPs, and fungal specificity ofGcandGpwas significantly higher than that ofGn, implying that the specificity fluctuates during speciation. Further,Gcexclusively inhabits bamboo thickets, which suggests that adaptation to particular fungi specific to bamboo thickets triggered speciation of this species.
Postglacial expansion pathways of red mangrove, Rhizophora mangle, in the Caribbean Basin and Florida
Authors: Kennedy John Paul , Pil Maria W. , Proffitt C. Edward , Boeger Walter A. , Stanford Alice M. , Devlin Donna J. 
Published: February 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) was a period of massive range contraction. Post‐LGM, water‐dispersed coastal species, including the red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle), expanded poleward as propagules were transported by ocean currents. We assessed postglacial marine expansion pathways for R. mangle within the Caribbean Basin and Florida.METHODS:Six microsatellite loci were used to genotype 237 individuals from nine R. mangle populations in the Caribbean, Florida, and Northwest Africa. We evaluated genetic variation, population structure, gene flow along alternative post‐LGM expansion pathways to Florida, and potential long‐distance dispersal (LDD) from West Africa to Caribbean islands.KEY RESULTS:These R. mangle populations had substantial genetic structure (FST = 0.37, P < 0.0001) with three discrete population clusters (Caribbean mainland, Caribbean islands, and Florida). Genetic connectivity along the mainland pathway (Caribbean mainland to Florida) vs. limited gene dispersal along the Antilles Island pathway (Caribbean islands to Florida) supported Florida recolonization from Caribbean mainland sources. Genetic similarity of Northwest Africa and two Caribbean islands provided evidence for trans‐Atlantic LDD. We did not find a pattern of decreasing genetic diversity with latitude.CONCLUSIONS:We outline a complex expansion history for R. mangle, with discrete pathways of recolonization for Florida and Caribbean islands. Contrary to expectation, connectivity to putative Caribbean mainland refugial populations via ocean currents, and not latitude, appears to dictate genetic diversity within Caribbean island and Florida R. mangle. These findings provide a framework for further investigation of additional water‐dispersed neotropical species, and insights for management initiatives.
Contemporary patterns of genetic diversity of cedrela fissilis offer insight into the shaping of seasonal forests in eastern South America
Authors: Mangaravite Érica , Vinson Christina C. , Rody Hugo V. S. , Garcia Magali G. , Carniello Maria A. , Silva Roberta S. , Oliveira Luiz O. 
Published: February 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:We investigated how genetic diversity is distributed across the range of Cedrela fissilis, a tree species associated with seasonal neotropical forests, to gain insights into competing biogeographic scenarios that explain how disjunct distributions of these forests were shaped.METHODS:A total of 250 samples were sampled from 18 sites across the species' range in Brazil and eastern Bolivia and genotyped with 10 microsatellite loci. An array of complementary methods—F statistics, analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA), and clustering analyses—assessed genetic diversity, population differentiation, and structure.KEY RESULTS:Most of the genetic diversity (82.5%) was partitioned within populations, but about 12% was due to differences among groups of populations on either side of the Cerrado or located within the Cerrado; mean expected heterozygosity and mean observed heterozygosity were 0.821 and 0.704, respectively. The 250 samples were sorted into two Bayesian groups: one group for each side of the Cerrado. The populations showed varying levels of admixture, with the greatest admixture evident in populations located toward central Brazil.CONCLUSIONS:In C. fissilis, genetic diversity is structured according to geography: the Atlantic range and the Chiquitano range each harbor a genealogical lineage. Interfertility and varying levels of admixture between lineages provide strong evidence that the lineages evolved under geographic, but not genetic, isolation. Admixture is of recent origin, owing to population expansion. Cedrela fissilis shares this dual pattern of distribution of genetic diversity with other phylogenetically unrelated taxa that are typically associated with seasonal forests.
INFERENCES FROM THE DISTRIBUTIONS OF FAST RADIO BURST PULSE WIDTHS, DISPERSION MEASURES, AND FLUENCES
Authors: Katz J. I. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
The widths, dispersion measures (DMs), dispersion indices, and fluences of Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) impose coupled constraints that all models must satisfy. The non-monotonic dependence of burst widths (after deconvolution of instrumental effects) on DMs excludes the intergalactic medium as the location of scattering that broadens the FRBs in time. Temporal broadening far greater than that of pulsars at similar high Galactic latitudes implies that scattering occurs close to the sources where high densities and strong turbulence or heterogeneity are plausible. FRB energetics are consistent with supergiant pulses from young, fast, high-field pulsars at cosmological distances. The distribution of FRB DMs is: (1) inconsistent with that of expanding clouds (such as SNRs); (2) inconsistent with space-limited source populations (such as the local Supercluster); and (3) consistent with intergalactic dispersion of a homogeneous source population at cosmological distances. Finally, the FRB

–

relation also indicates a cosmological distribution aside from the anomalously bright Lorimer burst.
SELF-TRAPPING OF DISKOSEISMIC CORRUGATION MODES IN NEUTRON STAR SPACETIMES
Authors: Tsang David , Pappas George 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
We examine the effects of higher-order multipole contributions of rotating neutron star (NS) spacetimes on the propagation of corrugation (c-)modes within a thin accretion disk. We find that the Lense–Thirring precession frequency, which determines the propagation region of the low-frequency fundamental corrugation modes, can experience a turnover allowing for c-modes to become self-trapped for sufficiently high dimensionless spin j and quadrupole rotational deformability α. If such self-trapping c-modes can be detected, e.g., through phase-resolved spectroscopy of the iron line for a high-spin low-mass accreting neutron star, this could potentially constrain the spin-induced NS quadrupole and the NS equation of state.
EFFICIENT PRODUCTION OF HIGH-ENERGY NONTHERMAL PARTICLES DURING MAGNETIC RECONNECTION IN A MAGNETICALLY DOMINATED ION–ELECTRON PLASMA
Authors: Guo Fan , Li Xiaocan , Li Hui , Daughton William , Zhang Bing , Lloyd-Ronning Nicole , Liu Yi-Hsin , Zhang Haocheng , Deng Wei 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Magnetic reconnection is a leading mechanism for dissipating magnetic energy and accelerating nonthermal particles in Poynting-flux-dominated flows. In this Letter, we investigate nonthermal particle acceleration during magnetic reconnection in a magnetically dominated ion–electron plasma using fully kinetic simulations. For an ion–electron plasma with a total magnetization of

, the magnetization for each species is

and

, respectively. We have studied the magnetically dominated regime by varying σ

e
= 103–105 with initial ion and electron temperatures

and mass ratio

. The results demonstrate that reconnection quickly establishes power-law energy distributions for both electrons and ions within several (2–3) light-crossing times. For the cases with periodic boundary conditions, the power-law index is

for both electrons and ions. The hard spectra limit the power-law energies for electrons and ions to be

and

, respectively. The main acceleration mechanism is a Fermi-like acceleration through the drift motions of charged particles. When comparing the spectra for electrons and ions in momentum space, the spectral indices s

p
are identical as predicted in Fermi acceleration. We also find that the bulk flow can carry a significant amount of energy during the simulations. We discuss the implication of this study in the context of Poynting-flux dominated jets and pulsar winds, especially the applications for explaining nonthermal high-energy emissions.
Des chevaux et des mousquetaires dans le Paris des XVII e et XVIII e siècles
Authors: Wilmart Julien 
Published: February 2016

La thématique du cheval militaire en ville peut s’appréhender à partir de la seule troupe de cavalerie casernée dans Paris sous l’Ancien Régime, les deux compagnies de Mousquetaires de la Maison du roi. Dans le cadre de cette étude, ce corps nous permet ainsi de présenter tant l’utilisation du cheval que les différentes infrastructures urbaines qu’il fut nécessaire de construire et d’aménager pour lui. Il est possible d’envisager trois aspects afin de dégager la place et l’image du cheval militaire dans Paris aux XVII e et XVIII e siècles : les infrastructures liées à son logement, l’encadrement quotidien des chevaux au sein de leurs casernes parisiennes et l’utilisation extraordinaire des Mousquetaires à cheval en tant que représentants du roi. L’installation et le logement des chevaux des Mousquetaires apparaissaient en effet comme une source de réflexions à l’origine du développement du casernement des troupes de cavalerie.
Quelques éclairages sur l’histoire des relations entre hommes et animaux de zoo,
Authors: Pouillard Violette 
Published: February 2016

Dans la mouvance des dernières évolutions historiographiques dans le champ de l’histoire des animaux, cet article vise à introduire davantage de symétrie dans l’attention prêtée aux hommes et aux bêtes. Prenant pour exemple le cas du jardin zoologique de Londres, fondé en 1828, qui fait longtemps figure de modèle, il s’attache à mettre en évidence les évolutions qui marquent l’approvisionnement de l’institution en animaux ainsi que les infrastructures au sein desquelles vivent les bêtes, spécialement les primates. Il montre que, si la perception des difficultés de la vie captive par les hommes forme une permanence de l’histoire du zoo, les réponses apportées à celles-ci varient au cours du temps, de l’indifférence à la quête croissante d’améliorations. Malgré ces dernières, les recherches contredisent toute lecture finaliste, en mettant en évidence plusieurs permanences jalonnant l’histoire de l’institution.
Kangaroo Rat Population Response to Seismic Surveys for Hydrocarbon Reserves
Authors: Cypher Brian L. , Saslaw Lawrence R. , Van Horn Job Christine L. , Westall Tory L. , Madrid Alexandria Y. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Seismic surveys are a method used to locate commercially producible deposits of crude oil and natural gas. These surveys entail generating energy waves that reflect off of subterranean strata and return to the surface where they are recorded and interpreted. In the southern San Joaquin Valley of California, a region rich in hydrocarbon deposits, the two common methods of creating these energy waves include detonating buried explosive charges (“shot-hole” method) and generating strong ground-penetrating vibrations (“vibroseis” method). However, this region also supports many species of conservation concern, including several endemic species of kangaroo rats (Dipodomys spp.). We investigated the effects of a seismic survey on kangaroo rats, including two rare species, the giant kangaroo rat Dipodomys ingens and the short-nosed kangaroo rat Dipodomys nitratoides brevinasus, to determine whether seismic survey activities reduced kangaroo rat abundance, survival, or condition. In 2011, we established 18 study plots: eight subjected to shot-holes, six subjected to vibroseis, and eight controls with no energy source activities. A live-trap grid consisting of 30 traps was established on each plot, and kangaroo rats were captured and marked for four consecutive nights during trapping sessions 1–2 wk before the seismic survey (presurvey), 1–2 wk after the survey (postsurvey), and 5 mo after the survey (long term). Based on capture rates of unique individuals, abundance was similar among shot-hole, vibroseis, and control plots in each of the trapping sessions. Based on recaptures of marked individuals from previous sessions, survival was similar among treatments. Based on mass measurements, condition was similar among treatments. We did not detect adverse impacts to kangaroo rats from a seismic survey; in part, the lack of impacts detected may have been attributable to mitigation measures implemented to avoid or reduce adverse effects. These measures included restricting vibroseis trucks to existing roads, limiting off-road vehicle activity to small tractor-mounted drilling rigs with balloon tires, and attempting to avoid all kangaroo rat burrows by at least 10 m. Similar measures are recommended for any future seismic surveys in this region and elsewhere when burrowing species of conservation concern may be present.
Managing and Communicating Operational Workflow
Authors: Weinberg Stuart , Danciu Ioana , Unertl Kim , Steitz Bryan 
Published: February 2016

SummaryHealthcare team members in emergency department contexts have used electronic whiteboard solutions to help manage operational workflow for many years. Ambulatory clinic settings have highly complex operational workflow, but are still limited in electronic assistance to communicate and coordinate work activities.To describe and discuss the design, implementation, use, and ongoing evolution of a coordination and collaboration tool supporting ambulatory clinic operational workflow at Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC).The outpatient whiteboard tool was initially designed to support healthcare work related to an electronic chemotherapy order-entry application. After a highly successful initial implementation in an oncology context, a high demand emerged across the organization for the outpatient whiteboard implementation. Over the past 10 years, developers have followed an iterative usercentered design process to evolve the tool.The electronic outpatient whiteboard system supports 194 separate whiteboards and is accessed by over 2800 distinct users on a typical day. Clinics can configure their whiteboards to support unique workflow elements. Since initial release, features such as immunization clinical decision support have been integrated into the system, based on requests from end users.The success of the electronic outpatient whiteboard demonstrates the usefulness of an operational workflow tool within the ambulatory clinic setting. Operational workflow tools can play a significant role in supporting coordination, collaboration, and teamwork in ambulatory healthcare settings.
A 250-year periodicity in Southern Hemisphere westerly winds over the last 2600 years
Authors: Turney C. S. M. , Jones R. T. , Fogwill C. , Hatton J. , Williams A. N. , Hogg A. , Thomas Z. A. , Palmer J. , Mooney S. , Reimer R. W. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Southern Hemisphere westerly airflow has a significant influence on the ocean–atmosphere system of the mid- to high latitudes with potentially global climate implications. Unfortunately, historic observations only extend back to the late 19th century, limiting our understanding of multi-decadal to centennial change. Here we present a highly resolved (30-year) record of past westerly wind strength from a Falkland Islands peat sequence spanning the last 2600 years. Situated within the core latitude of Southern Hemisphere westerly airflow (the so-called furious fifties), we identify highly variable changes in exotic pollen and charcoal derived from South America which can be used to inform on past westerly air strength. We find a period of high charcoal content between 2000 and 1000 cal. years BP, associated with increased burning in Patagonia, most probably as a result of higher temperatures and stronger westerly airflow. Spectral analysis of the charcoal record identifies a pervasive ca. 250-year periodicity that is coherent with radiocarbon production rates, suggesting that solar variability has a modulating influence on Southern Hemisphere westerly airflow. Our results have important implications for understanding global climate change through the late Holocene.
Small Consolation? Goscelin of St. Bertin's Liber confortatorius and the Middle English Pearl
Authors: Watt Diane 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This article explores the evocative parallels between Goscelin of St. Bertin's Liber confortatorius and the Middle English Pearl, focusing in particular on the allusive female figures at the heart of each text. In examining the similarities, it pays close attention to the representation of death and the afterlife. Both Goscelin's Liber and Pearl are consolatory poems, although the Liber is often read primarily as an early guide for a woman recluse. This article argues that placing Pearl within the same anchoritic tradition, a tradition strongly embedded within medieval women's literary culture, throws new light on the poem.
The Sea Ground and the London Street: The Ascetic Self in Julian of Norwich and Thomas Hoccleve
Authors: Appleford Amy 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This article compares aspects of the work of Julian of Norwich and Thomas Hoccleve and argues that they both seek to inhabit the cultural identity of the ascetic. Preoccupied especially with a specific instantiation of that identity—the figure of Job as mediated through the Office of the Dead—Julian's A Revelation of Love and Hoccleve's Series think and move within the terms of a single religious discourse, one neither penitential nor affective. Complicating gender identity in quite explicit and direct ways, this common ascetic discourse self-consciously situates author and work alike at the intersection of the sheer materiality of bodily experience and the production of literary form.
Chaucer, the Chaucer Tradition, and Female Monastic Readers
Authors: Warren Nancy Bradley 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Although the monastic characters in the Canterbury Tales have received considerable critical attention, the engagement of actual monastic readers, especially female monastic readers, with Geoffrey Chaucer's works and works in the Chaucerian tradition has been little studied. This essay considers the ways in which women religious at the Benedictine nunnery of Amesbury and the Brigittine nunnery of Syon read and used works by Chaucer, as well as works by John Lydgate and Thomas Hoccleve that form part of the Chaucerian tradition, in the later medieval and early modern periods. Nuns in these communities read such potentially surprising texts as Chaucer's Parliament of Fowls, Lydgate's Siege of Thebes, and Hoccleve's Regiment of Princes. The women religious of Amesbury and Syon drew upon these texts to develop rhetorical strategies and courses of action in complex political situations. Furthermore, the texts played important roles in the sophisticated devotional cultures of these monastic communities.
Considerações acerca das condições de vida de idosos no Vale do Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Meira Saulo Sacramento , Vilela Alba Benemérita Alves , Casotti Cezar Augusto , Anjos Ana Carolina França dos , Silva Doane Martins da 
Published: February 2016

<p>O objetivo deste estudo<strong> é </strong>descrever as variáveis sociodemográficas, econômicas e das condições de saúde de idosos corresidentes no município de Minas Gerais, vez que, a maior expectativa de vida tem despertado para a necessidade de caracterização das populações idosas. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, de delineamento transversal, tipo inquérito domiciliar de base<strong> </strong>populacional, realizado com 279 idosos através de uma amostragem sistemática sem reposição com intervalo de amostragem de 2, entre os indivíduos residentes na zona urbana e rural com idade maior ou igual a 60 anos, cadastrados nas (3) três Estratégias de Saúde da Família (ESF) que compõe o município de Salto da Divisa e que não apresentavam déficit cognitivo mensurado pelo <em>Mini Exame do Estado Mental</em> (MEEM). Os dados foram obtidos por meio do questionário <em>Brazil Old Age Schedule </em>(BOAS), tabulados no EpiInfo<sup>®</sup> 7.7.0.6 e analisados no SPSS<sup>®</sup> 15.0. Como principais achados houve predominância do sexo feminino (58,8%), sem escolaridade (64,2%), com renda de até 1 SM (81,7%), tenderam a coabitar mais com os netos (71,0%), estavam satisfeitos com os coabitantes (89,6%), possuíram autopercepção de saúde boa (60,6%), consideraram-se felizes com a vida (92,8%) e com boas expectativas para o futuro (52,0%). O estudo revelou que apesar dos baixos determinantes sociais, os idosos em estado de corresidência no município possuíram bons aspectos psicossociais e sentimentos positivos diante a vida, sugerindo que a configuração do ambiente familiar tem sido satisfatório para os participantes.</p>