bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supplementing an energy adequate, higher protein diet with protein does not enhance fat-free mass restoration after short-term severe negative energy balance
Authors: Berryman C. E. , Sepowitz J. J. , McClung H. L. , Lieberman H. R. , Farina E. K. , McClung J. P. , Ferrando A. A. , Pasiakos S. M. 
Published: April 2017

Negative energy balance during military operations can be severe and result in significant reductions in fat-free mass (FFM). Consuming supplemental high-quality protein following such military operations may accelerate restoration of FFM. Body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and whole body protein turnover (single-pool [15N]alanine method) were determined before (PRE) and after 7 days (POST) of severe negative energy balance during military training in 63 male US Marines (means ± SD, 25 ± 3 yr, 84 ± 9 kg). After POST measures were collected, volunteers were randomized to receive higher protein (HIGH: 1,103 kcal/day, 133 g protein/day), moderate protein (MOD: 974 kcal/day, 84 g protein/day), or carbohydrate-based low protein control (CON: 1,042 kcal/day, 7 g protein/day) supplements, in addition to a self-selected, ad libitum diet, for the 27-day intervention (REFED). Measurements were repeated POST-REFED. POST total body mass (TBM; −5.8 ± 1.0 kg, −7.0%), FFM (−3.1 ± 1.6 kg, −4.7%), and net protein balance (−1.7 ± 1.1 g protein·kg−1·day−1) were lower and proteolysis (1.1 ± 1.9 g protein·kg−1·day−1) was higher compared with PRE ( P < 0.05). Self-selected, ad libitum dietary intake during REFED was similar between groups (3,507 ± 730 kcal/day, 2.0 ± 0.5 g protein·kg−1·day−1). However, diets differed by protein intake due to supplementation (CON: 2.0 ± 0.4, MOD: 3.2 ± 0.7, and HIGH: 3.5 ± 0.7 g·kg−1·day−1; P < 0.05) but not total energy (4,498 ± 725 kcal/day). All volunteers, independent of group assignment, achieved positive net protein balance (0.4 ± 1.0 g protein·kg−1·day−1) and gained TBM (5.9 ± 1.7 kg, 7.8%) and FFM (3.6 ± 1.8 kg, 5.7%) POST-REFED compared with POST ( P < 0.05). Supplementing ad libitum, energy-adequate, higher protein diets with additional protein may not be necessary to restore FFM after short-term severe negative energy balance. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This article demonstrates 1) the majority of physiological decrements incurred during military training (e.g., total and fat-free mass loss), with the exception of net protein balance, resolve and return to pretraining values after 27 days and 2) protein supplementation, in addition to an ad libitum, higher protein (~2.0 g·kg−1·day−1), energy adequate diet, is not necessary to restore fat-free mass following short-term severe negative energy balance.
Modulation of Bax and mTOR for Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Li Rui , Ding Chunyong , Zhang Jun , Xie Maohua , Park Dongkyoo , Ding Ye , Chen Guo , Zhang Guojing , Gilbert-Ross Melissa , Zhou Wei , Marcus Adam I. , Sun Shi-Yong , Chen Zhuo G. , Sica Gabriel L. , Ramalingam Suresh S. , Magis Andrew T. , Fu Haian , Khuri Fadlo R. , Curran Walter J. , Owonikoko Taofeek K. , Shin Dong M. , Zhou Jia , Deng Xingming 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
A rationale exists for pharmacologic manipulation of the serine (S)184 phosphorylation site of the proapoptotic Bcl2 family member Bax as an anticancer strategy. Here, we report the refinement of the Bax agonist SMBA1 to generate CYD-2-11, which has characteristics of a suitable clinical lead compound. CYD-2-11 targeted the structural pocket proximal to S184 in the C-terminal region of Bax, directly activating its proapoptotic activity by inducing a conformational change enabling formation of Bax homooligomers in mitochondrial membranes. In murine models of small-cell and non–small cell lung cancers, including patient-derived xenograft and the genetically engineered mutant KRAS-driven lung cancer models, CYD-2-11 suppressed malignant growth without evident significant toxicity to normal tissues. In lung cancer patients treated with mTOR inhibitor RAD001, we observed enhanced S184 Bax phosphorylation in lung cancer cells and tissues that inactivates the propaoptotic function of Bax, contributing to rapalog resistance. Combined treatment of CYD-2-11 and RAD001 in murine lung cancer models displayed strong synergistic activity and overcame rapalog resistance in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our findings provide preclinical evidence for a pharmacologic combination of Bax activation and mTOR inhibition as a rational strategy to improve lung cancer treatment. Cancer Res; 77(11); 3001–12. ©2017 AACR.
Phase I Clinical Trial of Autologous Stem Cell–Sheet Transplantation Therapy for Treating Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Miyagawa Shigeru , Domae Keitaro , Yoshikawa Yasushi , Fukushima Satsuki , Nakamura Teruya , Saito Atsuhiro , Sakata Yasushi , Hamada Seiki , Toda Koichi , Pak Kyongsun , Takeuchi Masahiro , Sawa Yoshiki 
Published: April 2017

Background
When transplanted into failing heart, autologous somatic tissue–derived cells yield functional recovery via paracrine effects that enhance native regeneration. However, the therapeutic effects are modest. We developed a method in which scaffold‐free cell sheets are attached to the epicardial surface to maximize paracrine effects. This Phase I clinical trial tested whether transplanting autologous cell–sheets derived from skeletal muscle is feasible, safe, and effective for treating severe congestive heart failure.

Methods and Results

Fifteen ischemic cardiomyopathy patients and 12 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, who were in New York Heart Association functional class
II
or
III
and had been treated with the maximum medical and/or interventional therapies available, were enrolled. Scaffold‐free cell sheets of 3 to 9×10
8
cells derived from autologous muscle were transplanted over the
LV
free wall via left thoracotomy, without additional interventional treatments. There were no procedure‐related major complications during follow‐up. The majority of the ischemic cardiomyopathy patients showed marked symptomatic improvement in New York Heart Association classification (pre: 2.9±0.5 versus 6 months: 2.1±0.4,
P
<0.01; 1 year: 1.9±0.3,
P
<0.01) and the Six‐Minute Walk Test with significant reduction of serum brain natriuretic peptide level (pre: 308±72 pg/mL versus 6 months: 191±56 versus 1 year: 182±46,
P
<0.05), pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, pulmonary vein resistance, and left ventricular wall stress after transplantation instead of limited efficacy in dilated cardiomyopathy patients.

Conclusions
Cell‐sheet transplantation as a sole therapy was feasible for treating cardiomyopathy. Promising results in the safety and functional recovery warrant further clinical follow‐up and larger studies to confirm this treatment's efficacy for severe congestive heart failure.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
http://www.umin.ac.jp/english/
. Unique identifier:
UMIN
000003273.
Composition and Perception in Spatial Audio
Authors: Brümmer Ludger 
Published: April 2017

This article discusses the advantages of spatial audio, in general, followed by strategies for applying spatial components to composition. The discussion then looks ahead to questions that may be solved by future implementations of spatial software and hardware. Despite the fact that technical systems for spatial audio have been in use since the 1950s, spatial concepts have not been widely integrated into the compositional process. This is because they involve a complex interaction of several phenomena, all of which play a role in the construction and perception of music. This article presents an analysis of the advantages of spatial audio for perception and provides examples of the decomposition of sonic material with the help of spatial properties, as well as a discussion of limitations in spatial construction and perception. Archival strategies for spatial audio are also briefly discussed.
Mean-Flow Effects of Thermal Tides in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere
Authors: Becker Erich 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This study addresses the heat budget of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere with regard to the energy deposition of upward-propagating waves. To this end, the energetics of gravity waves are recapitulated using an anelastic version of the primitive equations. This leads to an expression for the energy deposition of waves that is usually resolved in general circulation models. The energy deposition is shown to be mainly due to the frictional heating and, additionally, due to the negative buoyancy production of wave kinetic energy. The frictional heating includes contributions from horizontal and vertical momentum diffusion, as well as from ion drag. This formalism is applied to analyze results from a mechanistic middle-atmosphere general circulation model that includes energetically consistent parameterizations of diffusion, gravity waves, and ion drag. This paper estimates 1) the wave driving and energy deposition of thermal tides, 2) the model response to the excitation of thermal tides, and 3) the model response to the combined energy deposition by parameterized gravity waves and resolved waves. It is found that thermal tides give rise to a significant energy deposition in the lower thermosphere. The temperature response to thermal tides is positive. It maximizes at polar latitudes in the lower thermosphere as a result of poleward circulation branches that are driven by the predominantly westward Eliassen–Palm flux divergence of the tides. In addition, thermal tides give rise to a downward shift and reduction of the gravity wave drag in the upper mesosphere. Including the energy deposition in the model causes a substantial warming in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere.
Process-oriented dynamic group psychotherapy for depression as a teaching modality in a family medicine residency program— A pilot study
Authors: Simon Eric P , McClaflin Richard , Zonca Rachel , Mikuni Karen , Chung Willard , Etnyre Ethan , Faucette Lindsey , Oates David , Merrill Chuck 
Published: April 2017

Background and Objectives This pilot study provides a description and evaluation of process-oriented dynamic group psychotherapy for depression as a teaching modality for family medicine residents. The main purpose of using this modality was to teach family medicine residents a variety of psychological clinical skills. A secondary benefit of this modality was to provide in-house, primary care treatment to depressed patients, although the efficacy of this was not evaluated in the present study. Methods A 10-item, self-report, Likert-type questionnaire was administered to a convenience sample of family medicine residents who had participated in the program. Results Completed questionnaires were received from 100% of the family medicine resident participants. Responses to the questionnaires indicate that the residents felt they acquired a variety of clinical skills from the training modality, to include developing active listening and interviewing skills; methods to improve the doctor–patient relationship; increased skills in empathy, intuitive processes, and emotional support; a depth understanding of how intra-psychic conflicts and interpersonal problems contribute to depression; how to give effective feedback that promotes behavioral change; and how to place interventions at the appropriate level of change. Eighty-eight percent of residents indicated they would recommend this learning modality to a family medicine physician colleague. Conclusions The family medicine residents’ responses to the questionnaires indicate that they perceived process-oriented dynamic group psychotherapy for depression as a constructive and beneficial modality for both patient care and learning a variety of clinical skills.
Prevalence and Predictors of Hypovitaminosis D Among Female University Students in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alzaheb Riyadh A , Al-Amer Osama 
Published: April 2017

Background: A high hypovitaminosis D prevalence has repeatedly been reported in Middle Eastern countries. Previous data regarding the vitamin D status of young women in Saudi Arabia and the related hypovitaminosis D risk factors are scarce, so this research assessed hypovitaminosis D prevalence and its risk factors among apparently healthy female university students in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional research used a convenience sample of healthy female students (n = 180) aged between 19 and 25 years in May 2016. Information was gathered on the participants’ sociodemographics, health, lifestyle, dietary intakes, anthropometry, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), and a logistic regression analysis was performed to assess hypovitaminosis D risk factors. Results: The sample’s hypovitaminosis D prevalence (25(OH)D <30 ng/mL) was 80.6%. The main determinants of hypovitaminosis D were as follows: urban residence (odds ratio [OR] = 6.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.74-5.63), rare sun exposure (OR = 6.14; 95% CI, 2.15-17.55), and insufficient vitamin D intake (OR = 2.50; 95% CI, 1.07-5.81). Conclusions: The findings emphasize that despite plentiful sunshine, Saudi Arabia and the Middle East face a vitamin D deficiency epidemic. Vitamin D status must therefore be assessed at the national level so that strategies aimed at boosting vitamin D levels can be instigated.
Impact of sleep disordered breathing on short-term post-operative outcome after elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a prospective observational study
Authors: Rupprecht Sven , Schultze Torsten , Nachtmann Andreas , Rastan Ardawan Julian , Doenst Torsten , Schwab Matthias , Witte Otto W. , Rohe Sebastian , Zwacka Isabelle , Hoyer Heike 
Published: April 2017

Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is common in patients with coronary disease, but its impact on post-operative recovery after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) is unclear. We therefore determined the effects of SDB on post-operative outcome after elective CABG.In this prospective two-centre study, 219 patients due to receive elective CABG underwent cardiorespiratory polygraphy for SDB prior to surgery and were monitored for post-operative complications. The primary end-point was a composite of 30-day mortality or major post-operative complications (cardiac, respiratory, surgical, infectious, acute renal failure or stroke). Key secondary end-points were single components of the primary end-point.SDB was present in 69% and moderate/severe SDB in 43% of the CABG patients. There was no difference in the composite of 30-day mortality or major postoperative complications between patients with and without SDB (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.49–1.96) and between patients with moderate/severe SDB and no/mild SDB (OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.55–2.06). However, moderate/severe SDB was associated with higher rates of mortality (crude OR 10.1, 95% CI 1.22–83.5), sepsis (OR 2.96, 95% CI 1.17–7.50) and respiratory complications (OR 2.85, 95% CI 1.46–5.55).Although SDB was not associated with higher overall morbidity/mortality, moderate/severe SDB may increase the risk of death, and septic and respiratory complications, after elective CABG.
Attenuation of noise and simultaneous source interference using wavelet denoising
Authors: Yu Zhou , Abma Ray , Etgen John , Sullivan Claire 
Published: April 2017

High-resolution seismic imaging requires noise attenuation to achieve signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) improvements without compromising data bandwidth. Amplitude versus offset analysis requires good amplitude fidelity in premigration processes. Any nonreflected wavefield energy in the data will degrade the seismic image quality. Despite significant progress over the years, preserving low-frequency signals without compromising the S/N and avoiding the smearing of aliased signal are still a challenge for conventional methods. This problem is compounded when additional interference noise is added with simultaneous source acquisition. Because noise characteristics vary from shot to shot and receiver to receiver, we need a method that is robust and effective. In addition, we also want the method to be efficient and easy to use from a practical perspective. We have recently developed an approach using a wavelet transform to deterministically separate the primary signal from the noise, including simultaneous source interference. The goals are (1) improving the S/N without compromising bandwidth, (2) preserving the low-frequency and near-offset primaries without compromising the S/N, and (3) preserving the local primary wavefield while attenuating noise. For distance-separated simultaneous source acquisition, the goal is preserving long-offset primaries while removing interference. This wavelet denoising flow consists of a linear transformation and filtering using the complex wavelet transform (CWT). For reflection signals, normal moveout (NMO) is used. NMO transforms the low-velocity surface waves and the interference noise to where it is easily identified and rejected with a dip filter in the multidimensional CWT domain. Land field data examples have demonstrated significantly improved S/Ns and low-frequency signal preservation in migrated images after wavelet denoising. Since the numerical implementation of the CWT is as fast as a fast Fourier transform, this flow is able to suppress noise and interference simultaneously on the 3D land data much faster than the other inversion methods.
Personality disorder and alcohol treatment outcome: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Newton-Howes Giles M. , Foulds James A. , Guy Nicola H. , Boden Joseph M. , Mulder Roger T. 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundPersonality disorders commonly coexist with alcohol use disorders (AUDs), but there is conflicting evidence on their association with treatment outcomes.AimsTo determine the size and direction of the association between personality disorder and the outcome of treatment for AUD.MethodWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials and longitudinal studies.ResultsPersonality disorders were associated with more alcohol-related impairment at baseline and less retention in treatment. However, during follow-up people with a personality disorder showed a similar amount of improvement in alcohol outcomes to that of people without such disorder. Synthesis of evidence was hampered by variable outcome reporting and a low quality of evidence overall.ConclusionsCurrent evidence suggests the pessimism about treatment outcomes for this group of patients may be unfounded. However, there is an urgent need for more consistent and better quality reporting of outcomes in future studies in this area.
Phase III Prospective Randomized Comparison Trial of Depot Octreotide Plus Interferon Alfa-2b Versus Depot Octreotide Plus Bevacizumab in Patients With Advanced Carcinoid Tumors: SWOG S0518
Authors: Yao James C. , Guthrie Katherine A. , Moran Cesar , Strosberg Jonathan R. , Kulke Matthew H. , Chan Jennifer A. , LoConte Noelle , McWilliams Robert R. , Wolin Edward M. , Mattar Bassam , McDonough Shannon , Chen Helen , Blanke Charles D. , Hochster Howard S. 
Published: April 2017

Purpose Treatment options for neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) remain limited. This trial assessed the progression-free survival (PFS) of bevacizumab or interferon alfa-2b (IFN-α-2b) added to octreotide among patients with advanced NETs. Patients and Methods Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) S0518, a phase III study conducted in a US cooperative group system, enrolled patients with advanced grades 1 and 2 NETs with progressive disease or other poor prognostic features. Patients were randomly assigned to treatment with octreotide LAR 20 mg every 21 days with either bevacizumab 15 mg/kg every 21 days or 5 million units of IFN-α-2b three times per week. The primary end point was centrally assessed PFS. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT00569127. Results A total of 427 patients was enrolled, of whom 214 were allocated to bevacizumab and 213 to IFN-α-2b. The median PFS by central review was 16.6 months (95% CI, 12.9 to 19.6 months) in the bevacizumab arm and was 15.4 months (95% CI, 9.6 to 18.6 months) in the IFN arm (hazard ratio [HR], 0.93; 95% CI, 0.73 to 1.18; P = .55). By site review, the median PFS times were 15.4 months (95% CI, 12.6 to 17.2 months) for bevacizumab and 10.6 months (95% CI, 8.5 to 14.4 months) for interferon (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.72 to 1.12; P = .33). Time to treatment failure was longer with bevacizumab than with IFN (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.89; P = .003). Confirmed radiologic response rates were 12% (95% CI, 8% to 18%) for bevacizumab and 4% (95% CI, 2% to 8%) for IFN. Common adverse events with bevacizumab and octreotide included hypertension (32%), proteinuria (9%), and fatigue (7%); with IFN and octreotide, they included fatigue (27%), neutropenia (12%), and nausea (6%). Conclusion No significant differences in PFS were observed between the bevacizumab and IFN arms, which suggests that these agents have similar antitumor activity among patients with advanced NETs.
Creation of Minimum Requirements Guidelines for Cancer Centers in Kenya
Authors: Brand Nathan R. , Cira Mishka K. , Gathitu Eunice W. , Duncan Kalina , Karagu Alfred K. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract 39 Background: Cancer is a leading cause of mortality worldwide and accounts for nearly 8.5 million deaths—more than malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV combined. In Kenya, the majority of cancer care is provided at two national referral hospitals, but there is growing interest by various counties in managing patients with cancer locally. However, there are currently no national standards to describe the minimum requirements for a health facility that wishes to offer cancer management services. Beginning in 2015, the US National Cancer Institute’s Center for Global Health (CGH) has assisted the Kenyan Ministry of Health (MoH) and the Kenyan National Cancer Institute (NCl-K) in creating national guidelines for minimum requirements for facilities that wish to offer cancer services in Kenya. With this work, we report the MoH and NCI-K minimum requirements in infrastructure, equipment, and human resources needed for facilities that offer cancer services in Kenya. Methods: Technical experts who work with patients with cancer in Kenya were approached to create specific sections of the document. MoH, NCI-K, and CGH collated the various drafts, and CGH connected experts from the US National Cancer Institute community with stakeholders in Kenya to provide insight into specific fields. A final draft document was redistributed to all participants before a stakeholder meeting held in early 2017, during which the document was finalized. Results: Finalization of an MoH and NCI-K document that dictates the minimum requirements for health care facilities that wish to offer cancer services to their patients. Conclusion: After publication, the guidelines will be distributed to health facilities, and monitoring and evaluation will be completed by NCI-K to ensure that guidelines are being followed and updated as needed. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST No COIs from the authors.