bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and risk factors for osteoporosis in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Thailand
Authors: Sribenja Dueanchonnee , Looareesuwan Panu , Siriyotha Sukanya , Srit Chanika , Amnuaywattakorn Sasithorn , Ongphiphadhanakul Boonsong , Thakkinstian Ammarin , Nimitphong Hataikarn 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is documented to alter bone structure and increase fracture risk. This study aimed to determine the risk factors and incidence rate of osteoporosis in Thai adults with T2DM.
Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Ramathibodi Hospital. People aged 18 or above whom were diagnosed with T2DM between January 2010 and December 2019 and started diabetic medication were included. Participants with a history of osteoporosis were excluded. Osteoporosis was diagnosed by BMD T-score ≤ -2.5, ICD10 for osteoporosis, ICD9 for fragility fracture, or prescription of osteoporosis medication. The participants that did not meet the criteria would be categorized as non-osteoporosis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to determine risk factors for osteoporosis.
Results:25,635 participants were recruited. 772 participants were diagnosed with osteoporosis during the study period. The incidence rate was 57/10,000 person-year. Older age and female sex were associated with a greater risk for osteoporosis with hazard ratios (HR) of 1.07 (1.06-1.08) and 4.30 (3.48-5.30) respectively, while higher BMI was associated with a reduction in osteoporosis [HR 0.95 (0.94-0.97)]. For Diabetes-related risk factors, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4-inhibitors), insulin, sulfonylureas, and thiazolidinediones were related with an increased risk of osteoporosis, HR were 1.41 (1.09-1.81), 1.34 (1.07-1.69), 1.22 (1.01-1.48) and 1.45 (1.05-1.99)respectively. Dyslipidemia is also associated with osteoporosis [HR 1.36 (1.12-1.66)].
Conclusion:Older women with T2DM and dyslipidemia had a significantly higher risk of osteoporosis. Furthermore, insulin, sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, and DPP4-inhibitors are associated with increased fracture risk when compared to metformin.
Time Analysis of Hospital Costs for Respiratory Diseases in Brazil, 1998-2021
Authors: Santos Maryelli Laynara Barbosa de Aquino , Fonseca Luiza Gabriela de Araújo , Silva João Pedro de Santana , Gualdi Lucien Peroni , Neto Saint-Clair Gomes Bernardes , Lima Íllia Nadinne Dantas Florentino 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: Respiratory diseases (RD) affect individuals of all age groups, negatively impacting patients' quality of life and incurring significant costs to healthcare services. If not managed properly, they can also lead to mortality. Information provided by DATASUS on RD can be utilized to facilitate professional decision-making, set targets for approach and treatment, and support the creation of public policies aimed at this population.
Objective: To assess the financial costs of hospital admissions in the Brazilian population caused by respiratory diseases from 1998 to 2021.
Methods: This is a descriptive, longitudinal, and quantitative study, with data properly recorded in the Hospital Information System of the Unified Health System (SIH/SUS), regarding the costs generated by respiratory diseases in Brazil, including individuals aged 0 to 80 years. The data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism software version 5.0, and the significance level was set at 5%.
Results: A total of 34,749,023 hospital admissions were observed, representing a total cost of R$23,653,000,000.00 and an average cost of R$760.62 per hospital admission during the study period. The age group between 20 and 80 years showed the highest indices related to the number of admissions. Regarding the list of morbidities, pneumonia presented the highest costs to the public health system (R$11,415,000,000.00 - 48.3%). The Southeast region showed the highest financial support (R$9,192,000,000.00), the highest number of deaths (n= 907434 - 49%), and the highest average hospital stay (5.9 days).
Conclusion: Respiratory diseases, in addition to representing a public health problem, have a significant financial impact on the SUS. It is essential to prioritize strategy plans and actions to combat these diseases, especially pneumonia, targeting the male population and the Southeast region, aiming to reduce inequalities in public health.
Chronic stress increased intolerance of risk but decreased intolerance of ambiguity
Authors: Chen Wangxiao , Xi Yu , Deng Leyou , Yi Wei , Wu Jianhui 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Chronic stress could influence decision-making under uncertain scenarios and cause maladaptation to stressors, ultimately leading to mental illness. Converging evidence distinguished uncertainty between risk and ambiguity, and suggested that risk mainly recruited reward and cognitive systems but ambiguity most likely activated affect-relative regions. However, limited evidence has investigated the relationship between chronic stress and uncertainty attitudes distinguished between risk and ambiguity. To bridge this gap, eighty-six undergraduates preparing for the National Postgraduate Entrance Examination (NPEE) participated in this study, and the perceived stress scale (PSS) was applied to measure their chronic stress levels. They performed a Gambling task wherein an economic model was applied to fit their intolerance of risk (1-α) and ambiguity (β). The results showed that participants’ intolerance of risk was decreased as reward probability increased and intolerance of ambiguity was augmented as the ambiguity level increased. More importantly, as chronic stress levels increased, participants’ intolerance of risk increased but intolerance of ambiguity decreased. These results suggest that chronic stress may blunt reward responsiveness and cognitive systems, leading to augmented intolerance of risk. However, prolonged stress exposure altered cognitive measures of the affective state in the Gambling task, leading to a lower level of intolerance of ambiguity.
Wideband Near-Infrared Absorber with high manufacturing tolerance utilizing MXene Metasurface for industrial thermal applications
Authors: Armghan Ammar , Alsharari Meshari , Baqir Muhammad Abuzar , Wu Xiaohu , saqlain Muhammad , Aliqab Khaled 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This study presents a polarization-insensitive, wideband solar absorber and thermal emitter made of plus-shaped fractal MXene metasurface. The proposed structure shows a high average absorption rate and photon-to-thermal energy conversion efficiency of above 90% from 750 to 3300 nm. The result findings reveal that wideband high absorption and excellent photothermal conversion efficiency is a result of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) exists within the design structure. Besides that, the proposed structure also shows incident wave angular stability over the wide angular range up to 600. Moreover, the proposed structure shows high manufacturing tolerance when different parameters of unit cell design varies up to ± 10–15%. The understanding of high absorption characteristics is explored by surface electric field at various operating wavelengths. The proposed wideband absorption would be useful for energy harvesting applications, thermophotovoltaic, high power electronics devices, and infrared imaging.
Variations of SPI during outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy without muscle relaxants using ANI-guided remifentanil
Authors: Boselli Emmanuel , Allaouchiche B. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose: This study compared ANI and SPI during outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy without muscle relaxants.
Methods: Adult patients were included in this prospective observational study. Induction was performed using propofol, ketamine and remifentanil. All patients received bilateral TAP block. Maintenance of anesthesia was performed using remifentanil targeted to ANI 50-80 and desflurane targeted to MAC 0.8-1.2 without muscle relaxants. The ANI and SPI values were collected at different time-points and analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA. The relationship between ANI and SPI were analyzed by linear regression.
Results: All procedures were performed without muscle relaxants. The mean ± SD ANI values significantly decreased from 70 ± 12 at induction to 57 ± 15 at intubation and 56 ± 17 at extubation and were maintained in the 50-80 target range throughout incision to exsufflation. The mean ± SD SPI values significantly decreased from 60 ± 15 at induction to 38 ± 16 at intubation, increased at 73 ± 14 at extubation and were in the 20-50 target range throughout incision to exsufflation. There was a poor but significant negative linear relationship (r2 = 0.053, p<0.001) between SPI and ANI values.
Conclusion: During laparoscopic cholecystectomy without muscle relaxants, remifentanil titrated to achieve a target ANI range of 50-80 provides SPI values with poor correlation ranging from 20 to 50, corresponding to adequate nociception-antinociception balance. Other studies comparing ANI and SPI guided remifentanil administration are required to determine the effect of each strategy on patient outcomes during laparoscopic cholecystectomy or other types of surgery.
Associations of healthy aging index with dementia: a prospective cohort study of 305,566 individuals
Authors: Tan Shanyuan , Huang Xiaxuan , Ling Yitong , Yuan Shiqi , Bai Zihong , Cheng Hongtao , Xu Anding , Lyu Jun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose: To prospectively assess whether Healthy Aging Index (HAI) is associated with the risk of dementia, and to investigate the potential relationship between HAI and genetic susceptibility in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Methods: The study included 305,566 participants from the UK Biobank, with a median follow-up of 14.01 years. HAI components were systolic blood pressure, reaction time, forced vital capacity, serum cystatin c, and serum glucose. Cox proportional hazard regression models assessed the associations between HAI and dementia risk.
Results: Adjusted analyses showed that each one-point increase in HAI was associated with a 15% higher risk of all-cause dementia (HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.13-1.17), a 10% higher risk of AD (HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.07-1.13), and a 29% higher risk of VD (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.24-1.34). Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses confirmed these results. Further, the combined effects of HAI and AD genetic risk score (AD-GRS) were assessed. Participants with HAI scores of 7-10 had a higher risk of AD at intermediate (HR 1.68, 95% CI 1.16-2.44) and high AD-GRS levels (HR 2.43, 95% CI 1.66-3.56).
Conclusion: Our study indicates that a higher HAI score is associated with an increased risk of dementia. Early intervention to lower HAI scores in early adulthood, such as adopting a healthy lifestyle, can attenuate these associations.
Structural reconfiguration of multi-particle systems through parametric pumping
Authors: Mao Qinghao , Wu Brady , VanSaders Bryan , Jaeger Heinrich 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Processes from crystallization to protein folding to robot self-assembly rely on achieving specific configurations of interacting particles. However, precise manipulation of even a small number of particles into more than one configuration without the use of feedback control is still challenging when controlled externally without feedback loops, especially if the interactions are non-conservative. Here we show how one can select, and switch between, specific structures without relying on tuning the energetic landscape of the system. Exploiting that different particle configurations have different mechanical resonances, we use parametric pumping to selectively excite and destroy undesired structures, making the targeted one an absorbing state. We demonstrate this approach with an acoustically levitated five-particle system in the Rayleigh limit, where the interactions are not only non-reciprocal and thus non-conservative, but also non-pairwise. With results from experiments and simulations on three additional systems ranging up to hundreds of particles, we demonstrate the generality of this method, providing a new path for non-invasive structure control of multi-particle systems.
Myofibre-specific knockout of TGF-β type I receptors triggers muscle hypertrophy and promotes contraction and oxidative metabolism
Authors: Jaspers Richard , Shi Andi , Hillege Michèle , Noort Wendy , Offringa Carla , Wu Gang , Forouzanfar Tim , Hoogaars Willem , Wüst Rob 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling is associated with progressive skeletal muscle wasting and fibrosis, while double knockout of TGF-β type I receptors Acvr1b and Tgfbr1 results in hypertrophy. Gaining insights in how myofibre-specific knockout of these receptors affects muscle transcriptome, strength and mitochondrial activity could aid in the development of therapeutic interventions to improve muscle function. Here, we show that 3 months of myofibre-specific knockout of both receptors (dKO) in mice induced a 1.6-fold increase in gastrocnemius medialis mass and a 1.3-fold increase in maximal force. Soleus muscle mass and maximal force both increased 1.2-fold in dKO mice. Muscle hypertrophy in dKO mice was accompanied by a proportional increase in succinate dehydrogenase enzyme activity. Single receptor knockout caused minor phenotypical alterations. Transcriptome analyses revealed that gastrocnemius medialis had 1811 and soleus had 295 differentially expressed genes, mainly related to muscle contraction, hypertrophy, filament organization and oxidative metabolism. Hgf and Sln genes were strongly upregulated in both muscles of dKO mice, while Sntb1 was downregulated. This in combination of transcriptional changes are associated with muscle hypertrophy and increased mitochondrial biosynthesis. Our study highlights that myofibre-specific interference with both TGF-β type I receptors concurrently stimulates myofibre hypertrophy and mitochondrial activity.
Tip Optofluidic Immunoassay: Evaluating COVID-19 Antibody Protection with 1μL Fingertip Blood
Authors: Tan Xiaotian , Chai Yujuan , Li Ruihan , Zhang Binmao , Li Hao , zhang Jie , Zhu Tianen , Wu Weishu , An Lixiang , Hu Shi , Yang Bin , Wang Li , Cao Zhenqiu , Zhang Hongjiu , Wang Peng , Yu Lingling , Yin Shan , Li Xingyu , Shao Fei , Huang Jianheng , Li Jinze , Yang Fan , Zhao Chao , Guo Jiajia , Zeng Lin , Liang Dong , Zou Zhengting , Zheng Hairong , Fan Xudong , xie Liangzhi , Cao Yunlong , Yang Hui 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Infectious diseases such as COVID-19 pose continuous threats to global health. Effective re-infection management relies heavily on maintaining high circulating binding and neutralizing antibody levels. Traditional methods for antibody protection evaluation such as ELISA and VNT face significant challenges including complicated sample preparation, long assay time, and large sample consumption, hindering their applications in timely and routine disease control. This study introduces a house-developed Tip Optofluidic Immunoassay (TOI), featuring industrial-grade micro-fabricated immuno-reactors and a portable chemiluminescent imaging station, capable of evaluating humoral immunity comprehensively within 20 minutes. The system quantifies SARS-CoV-2 binding and neutralizing antibodies efficiently, offering a large dynamic range (3-4 orders of magnitude), extremely high signal-to-noise ratio (approximately 10,000), and high sensitivity for IgG binding assays. It also integrates an updated version of the Rapid In-Vitro Inhibition Assay for SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody assessment, significantly reducing the sample-to-answer time and cost. In a study, TOI was utilized for quantifying antibody protection for multiple SARS-CoV-2 strains using just 1 µL of fingertip blood, from both binding, affinity, and neutralization perspectives. With TOI, individuals with broad-spectrum antibody protection against the WT and XBB strains, as well as those with strong immune imprints were identified. The precision, efficiency, and minimal sample requirement make TOI a valuable tool for decentralized surveillance, and infectious disease risk prediction, supporting the development of disease control and personalized immunization strategies.
The ‘Hidden Cost’ of Sustainable Debt Financing in Emerging Markets
Authors: Rickman Jamie , Kothari Sumit , Ameli Nadia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

International sustainable debt markets are a critical source of capital for EMDEs progressing sustainable development and climate goals. However, finance provided in ‘hard’ currencies preferred by international investors, rather than local currencies in which borrowers earn revenue, transfers currency risk from developed country lenders to EMDE borrowers. This shift amplifies financial vulnerabilities at both the micro and macroeconomic level. Here we investigate the risk factors influencing the currency composition of EMDE sustainable corporate debt over the past two decades. We show that EMDE borrowers choose hard currency financing as the price for market access during volatile periods, creating a ‘hidden cost’ of sustainable debt. In addition to currency risk, global uncertainty depresses access to local currency financing in a ‘flight-to-safety’ phenomenon. A ‘ratings trap’ further develops whereby improved sovereign credit ratings increase foreign currency borrowing with potentially negative feedback effects on sovereign credit stability and ongoing access to debt markets.
Graph regularized semi-nonnegative matrix factorization under sparse constraints for clustering
Authors: Zhao Junjian , Cai Jiaxi , Qu Guangwei , Wang Caiping , Chen Yasong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is an effective local feature extraction algorithm with non-negative matrix constraints. In order to obtain a NMF-based algorithm with better clustering performance and stronger robustness, this paper propose a new non-negative matrix factorization method called Graph Regularized Semi-NMF under sparse constraints (Semi-GNMFSC). This model embeds a Laplacian regularization term on the basis of Semi-NMF, keeps the correlation information of high-dimensional space samples, and maps effectively to low-dimensional space, thus improving the learning ability of algorithm space and making full use of the inherent geometry of data distribution. Note that GNMF algorithm is deficient in robustness, that is, it is susceptible to problems such as noise. So, by adding ~$l_{1}$ norm sparse constraint to the basis matrix and coefficient matrix of the model respectively, the sparsity of the low-dimensional representation matrix can be improved, clearer data can be obtained to approximate the high-dimensional matrix, and problems such as the influence of noise introduced in data reconstruction and the reduction of data clustering performance can be solved, and the adjustment of data eigenvalues and sparse constraints in the matrix can be realized. More importantly, the iterative optimization scheme of Semi-GNMFSC is derived in this paper, and the convergence of the algorithm is proved theoretically. In addition, clustering experiments have been conducted on 5 different types and sizes of public image datasets, and compared with K-means, PCA, and other NMF variants to verify the superiority of the Semi-GNMFSC algorithm in the three clustering performance indicators of ACC, NMI, and Purity.
Evolution of Oxide Phases and Residual Stress in Haynes 282 Superalloy During Long-Term High-Temperature Oxidation
Authors: Tung Hsiao-Ming , Chen Ting-Li , Lan Kuan-Che , Li Yu-Chen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The long-term oxidation behavior of Haynes 282 superalloy was investigated in air at temperatures ranging from 800 to 950°C for durations up to 720 hours. The oxide phases formed on the alloy surface were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The predominant oxide phase was identified as rhombohedral-Cr2O3, with the presence of rutile-TiO2, spinel-MnCr2O4, and perovskite-CoTiO3 as secondary phases. The external oxide layer thickness increased with oxidation temperature and time, following parabolic kinetics. EDS mapping revealed the formation of an internal oxide layer, consisting of α-Al2O3 and TiO2 precipitates beneath the external Cr2O3 layer. The activation energy for the long-term oxidation of Haynes 282 was calculated to be 210.05 ± 23.30 kJ mol− 1. The residual stress in the Cr2O3 layer was measured using the average X-ray strain (AXS) method. Compressive residual stresses were observed in the Cr2O3 layer formed at 800°C, while tensile residual stresses were found in the layer formed at 950°C. The evolution of intrinsic stress with oxidation time and temperature was discussed in terms of the crystallite coalescence model and the Pilling-Bedworth ratio.
Investigation on Fe310 steel of a drilled surface after cryogenic treatment
Authors: R Selvam , P Saravanan , S Arulmurugan , PT Saravanakumar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This study aims to assess the internal surface properties of drilled hole made in Fe310 steel plate after cryogenic treatment. The objective is to understand how cryogenic treatment, which involves exposing the material to extremely low temperatures, can enhance the mechanical properties and wear resistance of Fe310 steel. The wear characteristics of the materials are determined through a wear test, considering variables such as slurry particles, rotational speed, slurry temperature, and duration of cryogenic treatment. The wear test is performed using a vacuum cavitation system with a power output of 1000W, an adjustable pump suction rate, and a duration set at 60mins. Fe310 steel specimens are used in the experimental procedure to conduct wear test. The data collected is then analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Tools for the Social Sciences) software. The cryogenic treatment process involves cooling the specimens to sub-zero temperatures and maintaining them for a specific duration. Experimental and numerical results are utilized to evaluate the wear rate model, examining the impact of cryogenic treatment and other factors on the wear of Fe310 mild steel surfaces. The model predicts and illustrates the wear behavior of the inner surface, indicating an improvement. From the experiments, more speed and cryogenic time promotes to decrease in wear rate, as well more abrasive content and temperature causes more wear. The wear rate of the cryogenic heat-treated Fe310 mild steel drilled hole surface is 833.33mg/min-mm$^2$.
Highly efficient removal of arsenic using amine-modified silica incorporating in PLA adsorptive membrane
Authors: Shokri Elham , Behmaram Kosar , Hajibabazadeh Sina 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The environmental applications of pristine silica (SiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) for arsenic removal have been limited by their severe aggregation and lack of functional groups. Amine-modified SiO2(NH2) NPs were incorporated in PLA for the removal of 100 ppb of arsenic; a concentration much higher than what has been reported for surface water in Iran. FTIR analysis has demonstrated that the amine modified SiO2 NPs have been successfully prepared. Addition of SiO2 and SiO2(NH2) increased the porosity, water uptake, mechanical strength, hydrophilicity and permeability of the membrane up to 1.0 and 1.5 wt.%, respectively. The batch adsorption experiments were conducted to assess the equilibrium adsorption capacity and kinetics of adsorptive membranes. The Langmuir and Freundlich models demonstrated good correlation for membranes containing SiO2 and SiO2(NH2) NPs, respectively. Both kinds of the membranes demonstrated behavior consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, which can be linked to rapid electrostatic adsorption. Dynamic adsorption of the PLA- SiO2(NH2)-1.0 membrane was assessed through three adsorption-desorption cycles. The results confirmed the favorable properties of the SiO2(NH2), effectively reducing As (V) concentration in contaminated water (100 ppb) to levels below the maximum concentration level (MCL).