bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Lab to Fab — High‐Precision 3D Printing
Authors: Stender Benedikt , Mantei Willi , Houbertz Ruth 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe demand of sophisticated components is continuously increasing, driven by big data, IoT, and Industry 4.0. Reducing process cost is impacting all levels in a vast majority of products. 3D printing is typically restricted to additive fabrication within one material class, structures are limited in size, shape, surface finish, requiring supporting structures. This prevents high quality photonic components. High precision 3D printing is utilizing a multiphoton process which is a powerful tool for prototyping of miniaturized designs in automated, scalable processes for products in photonic or medical packaging. While most of the 3D systems are still working rather on a lab than on an industrial scale with typically very long fabrication times ranging from minutes to hours for a single microlens, the process can be boosted significantly to a fabrication time in the range of seconds per lens using different fabrication strategies, resulting in microlenses with high optical quality. This saves more than 90 % of the fabrication time compared to standard fabrication, and 1 cm2 lens arrays with high filling factors can be fabricated within only a few hours — a big step towards high throughput and industrial scalability.
Auditory processing in the human cortex: An intracranial electrophysiology perspective
Authors: Nourski Kirill V. 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveDirect electrophysiological recordings in epilepsy patients offer an opportunity to study human auditory cortical processing with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. This review highlights recent intracranial studies of human auditory cortex and focuses on its basic response properties as well as modulation of cortical activity during the performance of active behavioral tasks.Data Sources: Literature review.Review Methods: A review of the literature was conducted to summarize the functional organization of human auditory and auditory‐related cortex as revealed using intracranial recordings.ResultsThe tonotopically organized core auditory cortex within the posteromedial portion of Heschl's gyrus represents spectrotemporal features of sounds with high temporal precision and short response latencies. At this level of processing, high gamma (70–150 Hz) activity is minimally modulated by task demands. Non‐core cortex on the lateral surface of the superior temporal gyrus also maintains representation of stimulus acoustic features and, for speech, subserves transformation of acoustic inputs into phonemic representations. High gamma responses in this region are modulated by task requirements. Prefrontal cortex exhibits complex response patterns, related to stimulus intelligibility and task relevance. At this level of auditory processing, activity is strongly modulated by task requirements and reflects behavioral performance.ConclusionsDirect recordings from the human brain reveal hierarchical organization of sound processing within auditory and auditory‐related cortex.Level of EvidenceLevel V
A 1,470 nm diode laser in stapedotomy: Mechanical, thermal, and acoustic effects
Authors: Koenraads Simone P. C. , de Boorder Tjeerd , Grolman Wilko , Kamalski Digna M. A. 
Published: April 2017

Background and ObjectivesMultiple laser systems have been investigated for their use in stapes surgery in patients with otosclerosis. The diode 1,470 nm laser used in this study is an attractive laser system because it is easily transported and relatively inexpensive in use. This wavelength has relative high absorption in water. This study aimed to investigate the mechanical, thermal, and acoustic effects of the diode 1,470 nm laser on a stapes in an inner ear model.Materials and MethodsExperiments were performed in an inner ear model including fresh frozen human stapes. High‐speed imaging with frame rates up to 2,000 frames per second (f/s) was used to visualize the effects in the vestibule during fenestration of the footplate. A special high‐speed color Schlieren technique was used to study thermal effects. The sound produced by perforation was recorded by a hydrophone. Single pulse settings of the diode 1,470 nm laser were 100 ms, 3 W.ResultsDiode 1,470 nm laser fenestration showed mechanical effects with small vapor bubbles and pressure waves pushed into the vestibule. Thermal imaging visualized an increase temperature underneath the stapes footplate. Acoustic effects were limited, but larger sounds levels were reached when vaporization bubbles arise and explode in the vestibule.ConclusionThe diode 1,470 nm laser highly absorbs in perilymph and is capable of forming a clear fenestration in the stapes. An overlapping laser pulse will increase the risk of vapor bubbles, pressure waves, and heating the vestibule. As long as we do not know the possible damage of these effects to the inner ear function, it seems advisable to use the laser with less potential harm. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:619–624, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles for Photoacoustic Imaging
Authors: Cui Dong , Xie Chen , Pu Kanyi 
Published: April 2017

Semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) have evolved into a new class of photonic materials with great potential for biomedical applications. Depending on the polymer structures, SPNs can be developed into optical agents for fluorescence and chemiluminescence imaging, photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy, and heat converters for photothermal therapy. In this feature article, recent work is summarized on the development of SPNs for in vivo photoacoustic (PA) imaging, a state‐of‐the‐art imaging modality that converts light energy into mechanical acoustic waves to provide deep tissue penetration. The structure–property relationship and doping approaches are discussed to reveal the importance of promoting nonradiative decay in amplifying the PA brightness of SPNs. Moreover, their imaging applications, including lymph node mapping, tumor imaging, and monitoring of pathological indexes, are highlighted. These studies demonstrate that SPNs can serve as versatile PA agents for advanced molecular imaging applications.
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High resolution air temperature climatology for Greece for the period 1971–2000
Authors: Mamara A. , Anadranistakis M. , Argiriou A. A. , Szentimrey T. , Kovacs T. , Bezes A. , Bihari Z. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTClimate atlases provide an excellent overview of a region's climate in the form of maps and disclose information about climate change. They constitute a valuable tool for easy access and management of climate information for a wide range of users including scientists, policymakers, resource managers and urban planners.The main aim of this work was the production of high resolution monthly mean air temperature climatology for Greece, determined from a high resolution homogeneous mean temperature dataset. Temperature data were obtained from 52 meteorological stations of the Hellenic National Meteorological Service. High resolution temperature maps were obtained by interpolating the homogenized data. MISH (Meteorological Interpolation based on Surface Homogenized Data), an interpolation method developed for meteorological purposes, was applied twice, once using as topographic model variables the elevation derived from a 90 m digital elevation model (DEM) and the first 15 AURELHY (Analyse Utilisant le Relief pour les Bésoins de l'Hydrométéorologie) principal components, and then using some additional model variables besides the elevation and the 15 AURELHY principal components: latitude, incoming solar irradiance, Euclidean distance from the coastline and land to sea percentage. The spatial interpolation of monthly mean temperature was performed with a 0.5′ resolution (∼730 m at 38 ° N). The results showed that modelling with only the AURELHY variables is not sufficient and the use of additional model variables is necessary.
Estimating potential wind energy from sparsely located stations in a mountainous coastal region
Authors: Um Myoung‐Jin , Kim Yeonjoo 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTFor the spatial planning of a potential wind power plant (WPP) site, the efficient assessment of the wind power potential is important. However, observations are lacking for most potential sites. Here, a statistical three‐step approach is presented to estimate the spatial distribution of potential wind power in a region in which observational stations are sparsely located. First, multiple linear regression is used to fill the gaps in the wind data collected at the stations. Second, spatial interpolation with hybridKriging is used to construct the grid‐based data based on the station‐based, gap‐filled data. Third, the wind power potential is estimated according to the theoretical relationship between wind speed and power. As a case study, the spatial distribution of wind power potential is estimated overJejuIsland, whereWPPscurrently exist. Initially, the selected regression model in this case study showed correlation co‐efficients ranging from 0.48 to 0.82. In a second step, the spatially interpolated data with the gap‐filled data reasonably captured the expected spatial distribution of wind speed than those with the observed data. Finally, the results showed that the coastal region might be the best region forWPPsrather than the high elevation region far from the coast and that all the existingWPPsare located in regions with high potential wind power. The proposed statistical approach is simple and efficient for preliminary spatial planning. Furthermore, it can be applied to other regions with sparsely distributed wind speed data, including mountainous coastal regions.
Improving access to better care for people with knee and/or hip pain: service evaluation of allied health professional‐led primary care
Authors: Walker A. , Williams R. , Sibley F. , Stamp D. , Carter A. , Hurley M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntroductionChronic knee and hip pain is prevalent, impairing mobility, function and quality of life. Allied health professions (AHPs) are better trained and have more time than general practitioners in primary care to advise and support people to adopt healthier lifestyles (maintain healthy weight, increase physical activity) that reduce joint pain. We evaluated whether AHP‐led primary care delivering person‐centred, practical lifestyle coaching was a feasible, effective way to manage chronic knee and/or hip pain.MethodsAt initial assessment the ‘Joint Pain Advisor’ assessed pain, function, quality of life, physical activity, waist circumference and body mass, taught simple self‐management strategies and used behaviour change techniques (motivational interviewing, goal setting, action/coping planning) to alter participants' lifestyles. Participants were invited for 6‐week and 6‐month reviews, when the Advisor reassessed clinical outcomes, fed back progress and reinforced health messages. Feasibility and effectiveness of the service was evaluated using quantitative and qualitative methods.ResultsUptake of the service was good: 498 people used the service. Between initial assessment and reviews, participants' pain, function, quality of life, weight, waist circumference and physical activity improved (p < 0.005). Service user satisfaction was high; they reported easier access to advice and support tailored to their needs that translated into clinical benefits and a more efficient pathway reducing unnecessary consultations and investigations. Relatively few people returned for a 6‐month review as they considered they had received sufficient advice.ConclusionsAHP‐led care is a popular, effective, efficient and sustainable way to manage joint pain, without compromising safety or quality of care.
Influence of Localized Melting on Dynamic Fracture Behaviours of Metallic Shell
Authors: Shen Zheng‐xiang , Yang Hui , Li Ya‐zhe , Wang Fang , Zhou Chun‐hua , Zhou Ke 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe dynamic fracture behaviour of cylindrical shell preformed by localized melting technology was studied experimentally, and the microstructure and performance of melted layers were also analyzed in this paper. The results reveal that the microstructure of melted layer is predominantly needle type and refined martensite by the melted‐solidification process. With the increase of hardness and decrease of impact energy absorbed, the embrittlement tendency of localized melting sample is obviously. Compared with natural fragmentation, the fragments of shell after melting are more regular, and the proportion of effective fragments is high. Due to the sensitivity of shear bands of melted layers, fracture can easily take place along the melting trajectory subjected to internal explosive loading.
Potential of zygotes to produce live births can be identified by the size of the male and female pronuclei just before their membranes break down
Authors: Otsuki Junko , Iwasaki Toshiroh , Tsuji Yuta , Katada Yuya , Sato Haruka , Tsutsumi Yukari , Hatano Kanae , Furuhashi Kohyu , Matsumoto Yukiko , Kokeguchi Shoji , Shiotani Masahide 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimTo determine whether there are differences in size between the male and female pronuclei immediately before the pronuclear membrane breakdown (PNMBD) and to evaluate whether pronuclear size differences influence normal birth rates.MethodsTime‐lapse photography was used to measure the size of each pronucleus, while the outcome of 71 frozen‐thawed single blastocyst transfers in patients receiving hormone therapy was analyzed retrospectively. The pronuclear measurements were made 4 hours before the PNMBD, corresponding to 16‐20 hours after insemination or intracytoplasmic sperm injection, and immediately before the PNMBD. The differences in the areas between the pronuclei in the zygotes that were associated with the live births were compared with those that were associated with the failed pregnancies.ResultsThe average difference in the area between the pronuclei 4 hours before and immediately before the PNMBD in the patients with a live birth was significantly smaller than in the patients with a failed birth. In addition, the average area difference in the patients with a successful birth was significantly smaller when the measurements were made immediately before the PNMBD, compared with the measurements 4 hours before the PNMBD. Such differences were not detected among the patients who did not achieve a birth.ConclusionThe birth of healthy babies resulted from zygotes that contained pronuclei of similar size when the measurements were made immediately before the PNMBD. Evaluating the size of each pronucleus immediately before the PNMBD provides an effective indicator of the embryo's potential at an early stage of development.
Predicting delivery of a small‐for‐gestational‐age infant and adverse perinatal outcome in women with suspected pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Griffin M. , Seed P. T. , Duckworth S. , North R. , Myers J. , Mackillop L. , Simpson N. , Waugh J. , Anumba D. , Kenny L. C. , Redman C. W. G. , Shennan A. H. , Chappell L. C. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the test performance of 47 biomarkers and ultrasound parameters for the prediction of delivery of a small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) infant and adverse perinatal outcome in women presenting with suspected pre‐eclampsia.MethodsThis was a prospective, multicenter observational study in which 47 biomarkers and ultrasound parameters were measured in 397 women with a singleton pregnancy presenting with suspected preterm pre‐eclampsia between 20 + 0 and 36 + 6 weeks' gestation, with the objective of evaluating them as predictors of subsequent delivery of a SGA infant and adverse perinatal outcome. Women with confirmed pre‐eclampsia at enrollment were excluded. Factor analysis and stepwise logistic regression were performed in two prespecified groups stratified according to gestational age at enrollment. The primary outcome was delivery of a SGA infant with a birth weight < 3rd customized centile (SGA‐3), and secondary outcomes were a SGA infant with a birth weight < 10th customized centile and adverse perinatal outcome.ResultsIn 274 women presenting at 20 + 0 to 34 + 6 weeks' gestation, 96 (35%) delivered a SGA‐3 infant. For prediction of SGA‐3, low maternal placental growth factor (PlGF) concentration had a sensitivity of 93% (95% CI, 84–98%) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 90% (95% CI, 76–97%) compared with a sensitivity of 71% (95% CI, 58–82%) and a NPV of 79% (95% CI, 68–87%) for ultrasound parameters (estimated fetal weight or abdominal circumference < 10th centile). No individual biomarker evaluated had a better performance than did PlGF, and marker combinations made only small improvements to the test performance. Similar results were found in 123 women presenting between 35 + 0 and 36 + 6 weeks' gestation.ConclusionIn women presenting with suspected preterm pre‐eclampsia, measurement of PlGF offers a useful adjunct for identifying those at high risk of delivering a SGA infant, allowing appropriate surveillance and timely intervention. © 2017 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
A projection‐based time‐splitting algorithm for approximating nematic liquid crystal flows with stretching
Authors: Cabrales Roberto C. , Guillén‐González Francisco , Gutiérrez‐Santacreu Juan Vicente 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA numerical method is developed for solving a system of partial differential equations modeling the flow of a nematic liquid crystal fluid with stretching effect, which takes into account the geometrical shape of its molecules. This system couples the velocity vector, the scalar pressure and the director vector representing the direction along which the molecules are oriented. The scheme is designed by using finite elements in space and a time‐splitting algorithm to uncouple the calculation of the variables: the velocity and pressure are computed by using a projection‐based algorithm and the director is computed jointly to an auxiliary variable. Moreover, the computation of this auxiliary variable can be avoided at the discrete level by using piecewise constant finite elements in its approximation. Finally, we use a pressure stabilization technique allowing a stable equal‐order interpolation for the velocity and the pressure. Numerical experiments concerning annihilation of singularities are presented to show the stability and efficiency of the scheme.
Surgical Technique: Treatment of Distal Humerus Nonunions
Authors: Donders Johanna C. E. , Lorich Dean G. , Helfet David L. , Kloen Peter 
Published: April 2017

Background Open reduction and internal fixation of distal humerus fractures is standard of care with good to excellent outcome for most patients. However, nonunions of the distal humerus still occur. These are severely disabling problems for the patient and a challenge for the treating physician. Fortunately, a combination of standard nonunion techniques with new plate designs and fixation methods allow even the most challenging distal humeral nonunion to be treated successfully. Questions/Purposes The purpose of this manuscript is to describe our current technique in treating distal humeral nonunion as it has evolved over the last four decades. We have now follow-up on 62 treated patients. Methods A few key steps are essential to obtain bone healing while regaining or preserving elbow motion. These include careful planning, extensile exposure, release of the ulnar nerve, capsular release and mobilization of the distal fragment, debridement, and finally stable fixation after alignment with application of bone graft. Results The vast majority of distal humeral nonunions can be treated successfully with open reduction and internal fixation. Conclusion Important components of the treatment plan are careful preoperative planning, extensile approach, debridement, and solid fixation with—locking—plates and liberal use of bone graft.
Acute Fasting Induces Expression of Acylglycerophosphate Acyltransferase (AGPAT) Enzymes in Murine Liver, Heart, and Brain
Authors: Bradley Ryan M. , Mardian Emily B. , Moes Katherine A. , Duncan Robin E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDuring fasting, cells increase uptake of non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and esterify excess into phosphatidic acid (PtdOH), the common precursor of both triacylglycerols and phospholipids, using acylglycerophosphate acyltransferases/lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases (AGPAT/LPAAT). Knowledge of the regulation of AGPAT enzymes is important for understanding fasting adaptations. Total RNA was isolated from liver, heart, and whole brain tissue of C57BL/6J mice fed ad libitum, or fasted for 16 h. Following fasting, induction of Agpat2, 3, 4, and 5 was observed in the liver, Agpat2 and 3 in heart tissue, and Agpat1, 2, and 3 in whole brain tissue. As a result, the relative abundance profile of the individual homologues within specific tissues was found to be significantly altered depending on the nutritive state of the animal. These data demonstrate tissue‐specific effects of fasting on the regulation of different Agpat that are implicated in supporting unique downstream glycerolipid synthesis pathways.
The use of theatre in medical education in the emergency cases school: an appealing and widely accessible way of learning
Authors: Keskinis Christodoulos , Bafitis Vasileios , Karailidou Panagiota , Pagonidou Christina , Pantelidis Panteleimon , Rampotas Alexandros , Sideris Michail , Tsoulfas Georgios , Stakos Dimitrios 
Published: April 2017

Introduction Theatre models in medical education have been used worldwide in order to train medical students and graduates in managing various situations. However, the literature reports little regarding its appeal to trainees. We conducted a medical seminar, entitled Emergency Cases School, which employed such techniques. Actors simulated the actions of doctors and patients involved in various emergency cases, in front of a large audience, in a specially modified theatre hall which resembled the emergency room environment.
Methods A total of 303 undergraduate medical students participated in the seminar. The audience evaluated the course with the DREEM questionnaire, along with two extra questions: Q1. ‘Do you think that the course will prove itself beneficial to your clinical skills?’ and Q2. ‘Would you suggest the course to another student?’, in a 0–4 scoring scale. Of the attendees, 281 (92.7%) answered the questionnaire.
Results The overall DREEM score was 140.32 (±23.39) out of 150, which is interpreted as ‘More positive than negative’. The results of Q1 and Q2 were 3.07 (±0.78) and 3.65 (±0.61), respectively.
Discussion The Emergency Cases School received positive feedback as a theatre educational tool, targeted to a large audience. With the advantage of the realistic setting of an emergency room, along with its low-budget needs, this course model could function as a creative alternative of the more traditional lecturing teaching techniques.