bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nurse-Supported Self-Directed Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia
Authors: Ulmer Christi S. , Voils Corrine I. , Jeffreys Amy S. , Olsen Maren , Zervakis Jennifer , Goodwin Kaitlyn , Gentry Pamela , Rose Cynthia , Weidenbacher Hollis J. , Beckham Jean C. , Bosworth Hayden B. 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceCognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTi) is the standard of care for treating insomnia disorder, but access is limited. Alternative approaches are needed to expand access to the standard of care.ObjectiveTo examine the effectiveness of a nurse-supported, self-directed behavioral insomnia intervention for decreasing insomnia severity and improving sleep outcomes among veterans, a population with considerable mental health comorbidity.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis randomized clinical trial included 178 patients with insomnia disorder who were recruited from a Veterans Affairs hospital (Durham VA Healthcare System) from September 2019 to April 2022 and randomized following baseline assessment; follow-ups were conducted at 8 weeks (primary end point) and 6 months. Data analysis was primarily conducted during the summer of 2023 and concluded in May 2024.InterventionSix weekly phone calls from a nurse interventionist plus assigned treatment manual readings covering CBTi treatment components. The health education manual focused on health topics but not sleep.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the Insomnia Severity Index (score range, 0-28; remission &amp;lt;8; differential improvement of 3 points targeted) score assessed at 8 weeks postrandomization. Secondary outcomes were sleep outcomes, depression, fatigue, treatment response, and remission.ResultsOf 178 study participants, the mean (SD) age was 55.1 (13.2) years, and 128 (71.9%) identified as men. At 8 weeks, Insomnia Severity Index scores decreased by an estimated mean (SE) of 5.7 (0.51) points in the intervention group and 2.0 (0.47) points in the control group, a differential mean improvement of 3.7 points (95% CI, −5.0 to −2.4; P &amp;lt; .001). Differences were sustained at 6 months (mean, −2.8; 95% CI, −4.4 to −1.3; P &amp;lt; .001). The intervention also resulted in greater improvements at 8 weeks postrandomization in diary sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset, and sleep efficiency and actigraphy sleep efficiency; these differences were sustained at 6 months. At 8 weeks, depression and fatigue were significantly reduced, and the odds of treatment response and remission were greater in the intervention group compared with controls.Conclusions and RelevanceThis randomized clinical trial found that despite greater prevalence of mental health conditions and sleep difficulties among veterans, a nurse-supported self-directed CBTi was more effective than health education control for reducing insomnia severity and improving sleep outcomes. Although less effective than therapist-delivered CBTi, findings were comparable with other trials using modified CBTi protocols.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03727438
Initial Defibrillator Pad Position and Outcomes for Shockable Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Lupton Joshua R. , Newgard Craig D. , Dennis David , Nuttall Jack , Sahni Ritu , Jui Jonathan , Neth Matthew R. , Daya Mohamud R. 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceVentricular fibrillation (VF) or pulseless ventricular tachycardia (pVT) are the most treatable causes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Yet, it remains unknown if defibrillator pad position, placement in the anterior-posterior (AP) or anterior-lateral (AL) locations, impacts patient outcomes in VF or pVT OHCA.ObjectiveTo determine the association between initial defibrillator pad placement position and OHCA outcomes for patients presenting with VF or pVT.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prospective cohort study included patients with OHCA and VF or pVT treated by a single North American emergency medical services (EMS) agency from July 1, 2019, through June 30, 2023. The study included patients with OHCA treated by a large suburban fire-based EMS agency that covers a population of 550 000. Consecutive patients with an initial EMS-assessed rhythm of VF or pVT receiving EMS defibrillation were included. Pediatric patients (younger than 18 years), interfacility transfers, arrests of obvious traumatic etiology, and patients with preexisting do-not-resuscitate status were excluded.ExposureAP or AL pad placement.Main Outcomes and MeasuresReturn of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) at any time with secondary outcomes of pulses present at emergency department (ED) arrival, survival to hospital admission, survival to hospital discharge, and functional survival at hospital discharge (cerebral performance category score of 2 or less). Measures included adjusted odds ratios (aOR), multivariable logistic regressions, and Fine-Gray competing risks regression.ResultsA total of 255 patients with OHCA were included (median [IQR] age, 66 [55-74] years; 63 females [24.7%]), with initial pad positioning documented as either AP (158 patients [62.0%]; median [IQR] age, 65 [54-74] years; 37 females [23.4%]) or AL (97 patients [38.0%]; median [IQR] age, 66 [57-74] years; 26 females [26.8%]). Patients with AP placement had higher adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of ROSC at any time (aOR, 2.64 [95% CI, 1.50-4.65]), but not significantly different odds of pulses present at ED arrival (1.34 [95% CI, 0.78-2.30]), survival to hospital admission (1.41 [0.82-2.43]), survival to hospital discharge (1.55 [95% CI, 0.83-2.90]), or functional survival at hospital discharge (1.86 [95% CI, 0.98-3.51]). Competing risk analysis found significantly greater cumulative incidence of ROSC among those at risk with initial AP placement compared with AL (subdistribution hazard ratio, 1.81 [95% CI, 1.23-2.67]; P = .003).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of patients with OHCA and VF or pVT, AP defibrillator pad placement was associated with higher ROSC compared with AL placement.
Chlorella Vulgaris‐Inspired Versatile Theranostic Nanoparticles for Specific Recognition and Detoxification to Copper (II) In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Qi Xu‐Wei , Tan Min , Zhang Fu‐Zhong , Liao Li‐Guo , Zeng Jing , Zhang Ye‐Tao , Hu Zu‐E , Li Jing , Zhang Sheng , Li Bang‐Jing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSpecific recognition and detoxification for copper is the key step for the early diagnosis and treatment of various diseases such as neurodegenerative disease and Wilson's disease. Herein, a Chlorella vulgaris‐inspired versatile theranostic nanoparticles is facilely and greenly prepared by assembling quercetin into poly(beta‐cyclodextrin) (PQNPs), which is further employed in the specific recognition and detoxification for Cu2+ in vitro and in vivo. PQNPs can be used in the detection of Cu2+ in aqueous solutions with fast response time (<5 s) and low detection limit (6.499 nM). The detection for Cu2+ in water and serum can be achieved by naked eye instantaneously on a PQNPs‐based paper sensor, and PQNPs can also act as a biological diagnostic agent for the Cu2+ imaging. Remarkably, PQNPs significantly enhance cell viability of the cell models induced by Cu2+ through the synergistic capacities of chelating Cu2+ and antioxidation. The detoxification of PQNPs for copper poisoning model is further ascertained in vivo, and it found that poly‐β‐cyclodextrin is capable of crossing the blood–brain barrier. Taken together, the as‐prepared versatile theranostic nanoparticles possess advantages of simple composition, significant theranostic efficacy, and novel treatment pattern, presenting an intriguing avenue to develop therapeutics for tackling abnormal copper metabolism in the clinic.
Seeding Co Atoms on Size Effect‐Enabled V2C MXene for Kinetically Boosted Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Song Yingze , Sun Yingjie , Chen Le , Song Lixian , Yang Qin , Shi Zixiong , Chen Liang , Cai Wenlong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLithium‐sulfur (Li–S) batteries are facing a multitude of challenges, mainly pertaining to the sluggish sulfur redox kinetics and rampant lithium dendrite growth on the cathode and anode side, respectively. In this sense, MXene has shown conspicuous advantages in serving as a dual‐functional promotor for Li–S batteries throughout the morphologic engineering, but still suffers from poor electrocatalytic activity and insufficient lithophilic sites. Herein, atomically dispersed Co sites are seeded onto the size effect‐enabled V2C MXene spheres (Co‐VC), leading to the generation of unique coordination configurations and rich active sites. Electrochemical tests combined with synchrotron radiation X‐ray 3D nano‐computed tomography and theoretical calculations unravel that Co‐VC with optimal coordination environments simultaneously boost sulfur reaction kinetics and lithium nucleation. As a consequence, Li–S batteries with Co‐VC modified separator can sustain a stable operation over 700 cycles with negligible capacity decay at 1.0 C, and delivers an areal capacity of 9.0 mAh cm−2 and desired cyclic performance at a high sulfur loading of 7.6 mg cm−2 with a lean electrolyte dosage of 4.0 µL mgS−1 at 0.1 C. The work opens a new avenue for boosting atomic‐scale site design with the aid of 2D substrates toward pragmatic Li–S batteries.
Strong and Tough Multilayer Heterogeneous Pyrocarbon Based Composites
Authors: Xiao Caixiang , Peng Jingya , Jiao Yameng , Shen Qingliang , Zhao Yuanxiao , Zhao Fei , Li Hejun , Song Qiang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe integration of bio‐inspired hierarchical design into synthetic carbon materials holds promise for developing lightweight, high‐performance structural materials. Hierarchical and heterogeneous nanoscale units are crucial to load bearing and mechanical functionality yet receives limited attention for difficulties in accurate regulation. Herein, one kind of multilayered heterogeneous have proposed pyrocarbon based composite constructed through chemical vapor deposition method with nanoscale graphene orderliness regulation. Sequential construction from orientational graphene sheets to nondirective isotropic networks is achieved through controlling the size and morphology of pyrolysis intermediates with moderate oxidation, being expected to facilitate load transfer and structural stability through dynamically adjustment in heterogeneous interfacial sliding. The resulting multilayer heterogeneous phases exhibit impressive strengthening and toughening mechanisms dominated by microstructural multiscale coupling, which provides new solutions for developing structural composites for high‐temperature aerospace applications. Additionally, the multiple internal reflections arising from the abundant heterogeneous interfaces significantly improve the efficiency of electromagnetic microwave absorption. The multilayered heterogeneous interfaces achieved through orderliness manipulation offer novel insights into the assembly of mechanical functionality integration for wide‐temperature applications and high‐performance macroscopic carbon‐based composites.
N‐Dihydrogalactochitosan Drives Conventional and Alternative Activations of STING to Synergize Type I IFN and IL‐1β Productions for Antitumor Immunity.
Authors: Hoover Ashley R. , Liu Kaili , Furrer Coline , Lam Samuel Siu Kit , Anderson David W. , Zhou Zhijun , Yang Jingxuan , Wong Chun Fung , Medcalf Alexandra D. , Sun Xiao‐Hong , Hode Tomas , Alleruzzo Lu , Delawder Abby , Raker Joseph , Abousleiman Ghainaa , Valerio Trisha I. , Sun Yuanhong , Papin James F. , Li Min , Chen Wei R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractN‐dihydrogalactochitosan (GC) is an immune stimulant/adjuvant. Synthesized from chitosan and galactose, GC is a new chemical entity that significantly enhances the immune‐stimulating properties of its parental material, chitosan, making it a promising therapeutic agent. When used in combination with antigenic material, GC stimulates innate and adaptive antitumor and antiviral immunities. However, its mechanism has not been fully investigated. Herein it is demonstrated that GC drives type I IFN activation in antigen‐presenting cells (APCs). More importantly, GC drives alternative STING pathways, leading to inflammatory cell death that enhances dendritic cell (DC) activation. GC‐activated DCs trigger a variety of nucleic acid sensing pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) pathways and IL‐1β production via the activation of the inflammasome. In vivo, GC induces a potent response of type I IFNs and upregulates genes associated with STING signaling within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Moreover, intratumoral delivery of GC reduces the numbers of M2‐like macrophages and increases M1‐like macrophages residing within the TME, while subsequently increasing the number of activated DCs. This findings demonstrate that GC acts as a multimodal immune stimulant via STING to generate a broad type I IFN response. This uniquely broad response holds therapeutic promise in generating enhanced antitumor and antiviral immunities.
Bacteria‐Mediated Bismuth‐Based Nanoparticles Activate Toll‐Like Receptors for Breast Cancer Photothermal Immunotherapy
Authors: Xiao Susu , Feng Chenqian , Mu Min , Yu Wei , Wang Xiaoxiao , Li Hui , Chen Bo , Fan Rangrang , Chen Nianyong , Han Bo , Guo Gang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOne of the latest immunotherapeutic strategies involves modulating the tumor microenvironment through Toll‐like receptors (TLRs). However, Toll‐like receptor agonists may induce severe systemic inflammation. Bif@PBi‐R, a bacterial nanomotor is developed with tumor‐targeting properties in this study. Bismuth‐based nanoparticles loaded with R848 (Bi‐R NPs) are bound to anaerobic bifidobacteria via polydopamine adhesion. Bif@PBi‐R is designed to deliver bismuth‐based nanoparticles carrying R848 specifically to the tumor area to activate anti‐tumor immunotherapy. Bismuth is an excellent nanomaterial for photothermal conversion. Therefore, Bif@PBi‐R not only enhances the efficacy of photothermal therapy to kill tumor cells directly but also boosts the anti‐tumor immune response through its photothermal therapeutic effect. Combining Bif@PBi‐R with 808 nm laser irradiation significantly promoted dendritic cell (DCs) maturation, leading to a potent anti‐tumor effect. In summary, this bacterial nanomotor effectively enhances the efficacy of immunotherapy when combined with photothermal therapy (PTT).
In Situ Dewetting Assisted Plasma Etching of Large‐Scale Uniform Nanocones on Arbitrarily Structured Glass Elements
Authors: Hu Jin , Li Zongyao , Huang Peilin , Huang Lingyu , Xu Shaolin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNanocones are ideal for wide‐angle antireflection of glass elements, yet their applications often encounter complex geometries and large sizes, bringing serious difficulty in developing a reliable and efficient manufacturing process. Here, an in situ dewetting assisted plasma etching (In situ DAPE) method is proposed to engrave nanocones on arbitrarily structured glass elements in one step. While exposed to high‐energy plasma, pre‐sputtered platinum (Pt) film undergoes dewetting, forming uniformly distributed nanoparticles that act as in situ sacrificial masks for plasma etching to generate nanocones. The nanocone size is decided by nanoparticle size, which can be modified through the Marangoni effect of the melted Pt film. Incorporating a passivation step can improve the aspect ratio of nanocones up to ≈8:1 due to the trench effect. Nanocones with diameters ranging from 62 to 136 nm and heights from 126 to 942 nm can be achieved. The nanocones help to achieve an average transmittance of 98% over the 0.3–2.5 µm spectrum and a 79.4% laser‐induced damage threshold of bare fused silica. The efficient fabrication of nanocones over multiple glass elements is demonstrated including a 2‐inch flat window, cylindrical microlens array, and diffractive grating, highlighting the efficacy of the In situ DAPE method for high‐performance optical elements.
Inkjet‐Printed 2D Heterostructures for Smart Textile Micro‐Supercapacitors
Authors: Islam Md Rashedul , Afroj Shaila , Novoselov Kostya S. , Karim Nazmul 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWearable electronic textiles (e‐textiles) have emerged as promising healthcare solutions, offering point‐of‐care diagnostics while maintaining breathability, comfort, durability, and environmental stability with strong mechanical performance. However, the lack of thin and flexible power supplies hinders their practical adoption. In this regard, textile‐based micro‐energy storage devices present an appealing solution. Inkjet printing offers the capability to produce high‐quality prints with sharp details and versatile substrate compatibility, making it an ideal choice for a wide array of printing applications. Here, the preparation of a range of inkjet‐printable 2D material inks is reported for the fabrication of ultra‐flexible and machine‐washable textile micro‐supercapacitors. Then 2D material heterostructures are proposed to enhance the performance of textile supercapacitors. This study reveals that a unique combination of highly conductive graphene with an insulator hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) can enhance the areal capacitance of graphene‐based textile supercapacitors by ≈82.48%. The heterostructure‐based supercapacitors also demonstrate higher energy (≈18.06 µWh cm−2) and power densities (≈4333.33 µW cm−2) with excellent capacitance retention (≈95% after 1000 cycles). These findings on inkjet‐printed heterostructure‐based supercapacitors may herald a new era for the future application of high‐performance micro‐supercapacitors within textile‐based wearable technology.
Mechanically Differentiated Lithium Versus Sodium Ion Storage in an Alloying‐Type Bismuth Anode
Authors: Li Yun , He Kun , Ren Qingqing , Zeng Xuemei , Li Guanghui , Zhao Shiqiang , Song Wenjun , He Xiaobin , Wang Shun , Yuan Yifei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSodium‐ion battery (SIB) research benefits from lithium‐ion battery (LIB) studies due to Li and Na thermodynamic similarities. However, underneath these thermodynamic considerations lie kinetics factors leading to distinct Na+ versus Li+ storage mechanisms even within the same electrode materials, which is ascribed to either ionic size variations or diffusion path differences. Herein, the library of such non‐negligible factors is extended by targeting an alloying‐type bismuth anode well known for its high volumetric capacity for both Li+ and Na+ storage, showing that the mechanical property of key reaction intermediates also plays a role in differentiating its Na+ versus Li+ storage mechanisms. Applying spatially and temporally resolved in situ transmission electron microscopy to Li+ and Na+ storage within bismuth, it not only demonstrates the thermodynamic similarity in a step‐wise phase transition but also discloses its kinetic distinctions in morphological and structural integrities determined by Young's modulus of involving reaction intermediates and spatial configuration, which well accounts for the surprisingly observed superior Na+ storage performance of Bi anode compared to the inferior Li+ storage. Findings here highlight the role of reaction intermediates’ mechanical properties in regulating the overall cycling durability of electrode materials, and guide future material engineering toward performance enhancement, particularly for SIBs.
Tandem Effect Promotes MXene‐Supported Dual‐Site Janus Nanoparticles for High‐Efficiency Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia and Energy Output through Zn‐Nitrate Battery
Authors: Cui Zhijie , Zhao Pengwei , Wang Honghai , Li Chunli , Peng Wenchao , Liu Jiapeng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractElectrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) can convert nitrate contaminants into ammonia with higher added value. However, due to the NO3RR involving complex multi‐electron reactions, there is an urgent need to develop efficient electrocatalysts. Herein, CoCu Janus nanoparticles loaded on Ti3C2Tx MXene (CoCu‐Ti3C2Tx) is synthesized via the combination of molten salt etching and galvanic replacement strategy. The tandem catalysis of CoCu Janus NPs can maintain the balance between nitrogenous intermediates and active hydrogen (Hads). CoCu‐Ti3C2Tx exhibits a high NH3 yield of 8.08 mg h−1 mgcat.−1 and a satisfactory Faradaic efficiency of 93.6% at −0.7 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). The Zn‐NO3− battery assembled with CoCu‐Ti3C2Tx shows an excellent power density of 10.33 mW cm−2, an NH3 yield of 1.52 mg h−1 mgcat.−1 and a Faradaic efficiency of 95.3% at 10 mA cm−2, which enables the simultaneous elimination of nitrate pollutants, ammonia production, and energy supply. Moreover, a series of verification experiments and density functional theory calculation are combined to reveal the reaction path and tandem catalytic mechanism. This work not only provides a new inspiration for the design of tandem catalysts but also promotes the development of Zn‐nitrate battery.
Bio‐inspired 3D Sub‐Microstructures Coupling of Au Nanoparticles for SERS Detection of Trace Fentanyl
Authors: Wang Junchang , Zhao Jing , Xiao Lu , Zhao Xuejun , He Shan , Zhou Yijun , Liu Jia , Li Yao , Peng Liang , Liu Wenbin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract3D surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platforms with multi‐dimensional hotspots and better tolerance to laser misfocus show great potential for the rapid detection of trace fentanyl. However, the complex fabrication process of 3D fine structures limits the wide‐ranging application of the SERS technique. Herein, a 3D SERS‐active platform is fabricated utilizing a scalable and cost‐effective strategy that involves the electroless deposition of dense Au nanoparticles on natural butterfly wing scales (b‐wings@Au). The resultant b‐wings@Au proves to be sensitive and reliable, with a lower limit of detection of 4× 10−12 m and an enhancement factor (EFexp) of 1.74 × 108 for fentanyl. Furthermore, it exhibits excellent reproducibility, as evidenced by a relative standard deviation of less than 5%, and also demonstrates outstanding stability. The obtained high EFexp is due to the combined effects of the electromagnetic mechanism, involving the enhanced electromagnetic field generated by 3D periodic hotspots, and the chemical mechanism, involving the charge transfer from fentanyl to Au surface. Additionally, the as‐prepared 3D substrate realizes the trace detection of nine fentanyl analogs. This study provides new ideas for the controllable construction of sensitive SERS platforms for drug detection, ultimately advancing the fields of 3D substrates in booming SERS‐based technologies.