bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of percutaneous cholecystostomy and predictors of eventual cholecystectomy
Authors: Yeo Charleen Shan Wen , Tay Vivyan Wei Yen , Low Jee Keem , Woon Winston Wei Liang , Punamiya Sundeep J , Shelat Vishal G 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundPercutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) is an established treatment for high surgical risk patients with acute cholecystitis. This paper studies factors predictive of mortality and eventual cholecystectomy.MethodsA retrospective review of all patients who underwent PC from March 2005 to March 2015 was performed. Patient demographics, clinical features, comorbidity profile, grade of cholecystitis, interval between cholecystitis diagnosis and PC, and method of PC were studied. Length of stay, complications, readmission rate, mortality and eventual cholecystectomy were studied. For patients with eventual cholecystectomy, operative data and perioperative outcomes were studied.ResultsOne hundred and three patients with median age of 80 years (range 43–105) underwent PC. Median interval to PC was 2 days (range 0–15). 9.7% of patients had complications. Median length of stay was 19 days (range 3–206). 41% underwent eventual cholecystectomy. 30‐day mortality rate was 10.7%. Higher APACHE II scores (P = 0.004), higher Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) (P = 0.009), and longer interval from diagnosis to PC (P = 0.037) were associated with in‐hospital mortality. Younger age (P = 0.015), lower APACHE II scores (P = 0.043) and lower CCI (P = 0.002) were associated with eventual cholecystectomy.ConclusionPercutaneous cholecystostomy is safe and effective in treatment of acute cholecystitis. Prompt PC improves survival in high risk surgical patients. Comorbidity severity is associated with mortality. Patients with lesser comorbidity are likely to receive eventual cholecystectomy.
Pathological spectrum of bile duct lesions from chronic bile duct injury to invasive cholangiocarcinoma corresponding to bile duct imaging findings of occupational cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Kinoshita Masahiko , Kubo Shoji , Nakanuma Yasuni , Sato Yasunori , Takemura Shigekazu , Tanaka Shogo , Hamano Genya , Ito Tokuji , Terajima Hiroaki , Yamada Terumasa , Nakamori Shoji , Arimoto Akira , Fujikawa Masahiro , Sugawara Yasuhiko , Yamamoto Takatsugu , Abue Makoto , Nakagawa Kei , Unno Michiaki , Mizuguchi Toru , Takenaka Kenji , Shirabe Ken , Shibata Toshihiko 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to identify the pathological characteristics of occupational cholangiocarcinoma.MethodsWe examined the location and distribution of the carcinomas: atypical epithelium including biliary intraepithelial neoplasia (BilIN) and intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB); and chronic bile duct injuries in operative or autopsy liver specimens from 16 patients. We examined the detailed pathological findings and diagnostic imaging of three patients. Immunohistochemical analysis using primary antibodies against γH2AX and S100P was performed.ResultsBilIN and chronic bile duct injury were observed in 16 patients, and IPNB or invasive IPNB was observed in 11 patients. BilIN, IPNB, and/or chronic bile duct injury were observed in almost all the large bile ducts. Regional dilatation of the bile ducts without tumor‐induced obstruction revealed such pathological changes. Highly positive results for the γH2AX and S100P markers were noted in invasive carcinoma, BilIN, and IPNB, whereas positive results for γH2AX and negative results for S100P were noted in non‐neoplastic biliary epithelium.ConclusionsThe carcinogenic process of occupational cholangiocarcinoma comprised chronic bile duct injury and DNA damage in almost all the large bile ducts, along with induction of precancerous lesions and development of invasive carcinoma. Such pathological findings reflected radiological changes on diagnostic imaging.
Effect of surgical delay on bacterial colonization in proximal humeral fractures
Authors: Blonna Davide , Barbasetti di Prun Nicola , Bellato Enrico , Manino Laura , Rossi Roberto , Banche Giuliana , Allizond Valeria , Cuffini Anna Maria , Castoldi Filippo 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTPostoperative infection is a severe complication after proximal humeral fracture surgical treatment. The aim of this study was to determine if the surgical delay could modify the number and type of bacteria on the surgical site. A two stages study was set up. In the first stage the effect of delay was simulated in 20 patients affected by proximal humeral fracture treated conservatively. In a second stage, the effect of delay was measured in 20 patients that underwent surgery. In stage 1, three skin culture swabs were taken in correspondence of the deltopectoral approach, the day of the fracture (day 0), the day after (day 1), and five days after fracture (day 5). In stage 2, skin swab cultures were taken the day of trauma and immediately before surgery and cultured on various media suitable for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The number of bacteria increased over the course of the study, from day 0 to day 5, both considering the total number of colony‐forming units and individual species of pathogen bacteria. The second stage of the study confirmed these data. An increasing number of bacteria was observed in patients that underwent surgery later than 2 days from trauma. The delay of surgery increased bacterial colonization of the skin in the deltopectoral approach area including common pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase‐negative staphylococci and Propionibacterium acnes. This might justify the correlation between delay to surgery and risk of infection. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:942–948, 2016.
Anger and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Severity in a Trauma‐Exposed Military Population: Differences by Trauma Context and Gender
Authors: Worthen Miranda , Rathod Sujit D. , Cohen Gregory , Sampson Laura , Ursano Robert , Gifford Robert , Fullerton Carol , Galea Sandro , Ahern Jennifer 
Published: November 2015

AbstractStudies have found a stronger association between anger and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity in military populations than in nonmilitary populations. Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain this difference: Military populations are more prone to anger than nonmilitary populations, and traumas experienced on deployment create more anger than nondeployment traumas. To examine these hypotheses, we evaluated the association between anger and PTSD severity among never‐deployed military service members with nondeployment traumas (n = 226) and deployed service members with deployment traumas (n = 594) using linear regression. We further examined these associations stratified by gender. Bivariate associations between anger and PTSD severity were similar for nondeployment and deployment events; however, gender modified this association. For men, the association for deployment events was stronger than for nondeployment events (β = .18, r = .53 vs. β = .16, r = .37, respectively), whereas the reverse was true for women (deployment: β = .20, r = .42 vs. nondeployment: β = .25, r = .65). Among men, findings supported the hypothesis that deployment traumas produce stronger associations between PTSD and anger and are inconsistent with hypothesized population differences. In women, however, there was not a clear fit with either hypothesis.
Borderline Personality Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder at Psychiatric Discharge Predict General Hospital Admission for Self‐Harm
Authors: Mellesdal Liv , Gjestad Rolf , Johnsen Erik , Jørgensen Hugo A. , Oedegaard Ketil J. , Kroken Rune A. , Mehlum Lars 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe investigated whether posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was predictor of suicidal behavior even when adjusting for comorbid borderline personality disorder (BPD) and other salient risk factors. To study this, we randomly selected 308 patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital because of suicide risk. Baseline interviews were performed within the first days of the stay. Information concerning the number of self‐harm admissions to general hospitals over the subsequent 6 months was retrieved through linkage with the regional hospital registers. A censored regression analysis of hospital admissions for self‐harm indicated significant associations with both PTSD (β = .21, p < .001) and BPD (β = .27, p < .001). A structural model comprising two latent BPD factors, dysregulation and relationship problems, as well as PTSD and several other variables, demonstrated that PTSD was an important correlate of the number of self‐harm admissions to general hospitals (B = 1.52, p < .01). Dysregulation was associated directly with self‐harm (B = 0.28, p < .05), and also through PTSD. These results suggested that PTSD and related dysregulation problems could be important treatment targets for a reduction in the risk of severe self‐harm in high‐risk psychiatric patients.
The Feasibility of Using Large‐Scale Text Mining to Detect Adverse Childhood Experiences in a VA‐Treated Population
Authors: Hammond Kenric W. , Ben‐Ari Alon Y. , Laundry Ryan J. , Boyko Edward J. , Samore Matthew H. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractFree text in electronic health records resists large‐scale analysis. Text records facts of interest not found in encoded data, and text mining enables their retrieval and quantification. The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) clinical data repository affords an opportunity to apply text‐mining methodology to study clinical questions in large populations. To assess the feasibility of text mining, investigation of the relationship between exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and recorded diagnoses was conducted among all VA‐treated Gulf war veterans, utilizing all progress notes recorded from 2000–2011. Text processing extracted ACE exposures recorded among 44.7 million clinical notes belonging to 243,973 veterans. The relationship of ACE exposure to adult illnesses was analyzed using logistic regression. Bias considerations were assessed. ACE score was strongly associated with suicide attempts and serious mental disorders (ORs = 1.84 to 1.97), and less so with behaviorally mediated and somatic conditions (ORs = 1.02 to 1.36) per unit. Bias adjustments did not remove persistent associations between ACE score and most illnesses. Text mining to detect ACE exposure in a large population was feasible. Analysis of the relationship between ACE score and adult health conditions yielded patterns of association consistent with prior research.
Small‐scale Geodiversity Regulates Functioning, Connectivity, and Productivity of Shrubby, Semi‐arid Rangelands
Authors: Stavi Ilan , Rachmilevitch Shimon , Yizhaq Hezi 
Published: November 2015

AbstractGeodiversity has recently been attracting increasing attention as a measure of diversity for the physical components of natural environments. It has shown positive relations with biodiversity, as well as with several ecosystem services. Yet, so far, geodiversity studies have focused on relatively large spatial scales, ranging between hillslope, basin, and landform scales. It is proposed that either natural‐induced or anthropogenic‐induced, small‐scale (centimeter‐scale to few decimeter‐scale) geodiversity has a large impact on the hydrological connectivity and overall functioning of semi‐arid rangelands and other shrubby and woody drylands. It is further proposed that greater small‐scale geodiversity increases the on‐site retention of water and soil resources, decreasing the vulnerability of rangelands to prolonged droughts and climatic changes. Particularly, positive impact of moderate grazing intensity on rangelands functioning is demonstrated by the formation of livestock trampling routes, which transect hillslopes, increase ecosystem geodiversity, and modify the spatial redistribution of scarce water and soil resources at the patch scale. Numerical simulations of a mathematical model for vegetation patterns in water‐limited systems show that the trampling routes increase the survivability of vegetation patches under prolonged droughts. In practical terms, the concept of small‐scale geodiversity is relevant for the determination, monitoring, and assessment of land degradation, as well as for restoration projects of eroded lands and degraded ecosystems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Super‐resolution deep imaging with hollow Bessel beam STED microscopy
Authors: Yu Wentao , Ji Ziheng , Dong Dashan , Yang Xusan , Xiao Yunfeng , Gong Qihuang , Xi Peng , Shi Kebin 
Published: November 2015

AbstractStimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy has become a powerful imaging and localized excitation method, breaking the diffraction barrier for improved spatial resolution in cellular imaging, lithography, etc. Because of specimen‐induced aberrations and scattering distortion, it is a great challenge for STED to maintain consistent lateral resolution deep inside specimens. Here we report on deep imaging STED microscopy using a Gaussian beam for excitation and a hollow Bessel beam for depletion (GB‐STED). The proposed scheme shows an improved imaging depth of up to about 155 μm in a solid agarose sample, 115 μm in polydimethylsiloxane, and 100 μm in a phantom of gray matter in brain tissue with consistent super resolution, while standard STED microscopy shows a significantly reduced lateral resolution at the same imaging depth. The results indicate the excellent imaging penetration capability of GB‐STED, paving the way for deep tissue super‐resolution imaging and three‐dimensional precise laser fabrication.
image
Deferoxamine stimulates LDLR expression and LDL uptake in HepG2 cells
Authors: Guillemot Johann , Asselin Marie‐Claude , Susan‐Resiga Delia , Essalmani Rachid , Seidah Nabil G. 
Published: November 2015

ScopeIron overload contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and iron chelators are beneficial through their antioxidant properties. Hepatic iron loading increases cholesterol synthesis. Whether iron depletion could affect hepatic cholesterol metabolism is unknown.Methods and resultsWe examined the effect of the iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO) on mRNA expression of genes involved in cholesterol metabolism and/or cholesterol uptake. Our results revealed that DFO increases LDL receptor (LDLR) mRNA levels in human hepatocyte‐derived cell lines HepG2 and Huh7 cells, and in K562 cells. In HepG2 cells, we observed that DFO increases (i) LDLR‐mRNA levels in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner, (ii) LDLR‐protein levels; (iii) cell surface LDLR; and (iv) LDL uptake. In contrast, the mRNA levels of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐coenzyme A reductase, sterol regulatory element‐binding proteins, and the mRNA/protein levels of proprotein convertase subtilisin‐kexin 9 were not modulated by DFO, suggesting that the LDLR regulation by DFO is not at the transcriptional or posttranslational levels. Since LDLR‐mRNA was stabilized by DFO, a posttranscriptional mechanism is suggested for the DFO‐mediated upregulation of LDLR.ConclusionDFO induced an increase in LDLR expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism resulting in an enhancement of LDL uptake in HepG2 cells, suggesting increased LDLR activity as one of the underlying causes of the hypocholesterolemic effect of iron reduction.
Endo180 at the cutting edge of bone cancer treatment and beyond
Authors: Sturge Justin 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSkeletal bone is an attractive site for secondary tumour growth and is also home to spontaneous primary cancer. Treatment of bone metastasis is focused on limiting the vicious cycle of bone destruction with bisphosphonates or inhibition of receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL) with the fully human monoclonal antibody denosumab. The estimated 1 million deaths/year where bone metastasis is present, and the high healthcare costs required for its management, have ignited intensive research into the cellular and molecular pathology of osteolysis, involving interplay between tumour cells, bone‐forming osteoblasts and bone‐degrading osteoclasts. Compared to bone metastasis, knowledge about the pathology of primary bone cancers is limited. In recent work published in this journal, Engelholm et al provide a unique insight into how this poorly understood disease manifests and destroys bone. For the first time they have demonstrated that a mouse monoclonal antibody targeting the collagen receptor Endo180 (CD280, MRC2 uPARAP) can prevent osteolysis and bone destruction in a syngeneic model of advanced osteosarcoma. Their convincing findings make an important contribution towards Endo180‐based therapy being developed as an option for the treatment of bone cancer amongst other malignancies. © 2015 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Activity of the novel fungicide oxathiapiprolin against plant‐pathogenic oomycetes
Authors: Miao Jianqiang , Dong Xue , Lin Dong , Wang Qiushi , Liu Pengfei , Chen Furu , Du Yixin , Liu Xili 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDOxathiapiprolin was the first of the piperidinyl thiazole isoxazoline class of fungicides to be discovered and developed by DuPont in 2007. Although oxathiapiprolin has been reported to have high activity against plant‐pathogenic oomycetes, such as Peronospora belbahrii, Phytophthora nicotianae and Ph. capsici, little is known about its effectiveness against other plant‐pathogenic oomycetes and its protective and curative properties.RESULTSOxathiapiprolin exhibited substantial inhibitory activity against all of the plant‐pathogenic oomycetes tested, with EC90 values ranging from 0.14 to 3.36 × 10−3 µg mL−1, except the Pythium species Py. aphanidermatum and Py. deliense. Furthermore, doses as low as 10 µg mL−1 were found to inhibit zoospore release and motility in Ph. capsici, while the mycelial development and sporangial production of Pseudoperonospora cubensis were restrained by an EC50 of 3.10 × 10−4 and 5.17 × 10−4 µg mL−1 respectively. It was also found that oxathiapiprolin exhibited both protective and curative activity against the development of Ph. capsici infection in pepper plants under greenhouse conditions and in field tests.CONCLUSIONThe present study demonstrated that the novel fungicide oxathiapiprolin exhibits strong inhibitory activity against a range of agriculturally important plant‐pathogenic oomycetes, including Phytophthora spp., Peronophythora litchii, Plasmopara viticola, Pe. parasitica, Ps. cubensis and Py. ultimum. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Large‐eddy simulation study of the dissipation of radiation fog
Authors: Bergot Thierry 
Published: November 2015

Large‐eddy simulations (LES) of radiation fog were performed to study the dissipation phase of fog in detail. These LES were carried out with the Meso‐NH research model at a resolution of 4.5 m in the horizontal and 1 m in the vertical, over a domain of dimensions 4.5 × 1.5 km2.The dissipation phase is characterized by a large scatter of the liquid water path and there is evidence that dry downdraughts at the top of the fog layer have a large impact on the liquid water content (LWC) variability inside the layer. These downdraughts promote an increase in solar radiation reaching the ground over small areas, leading to an increase of turbulence near the ground, through an increase of wind variance and an increase of the convective structure of the fog layer. However, downdraughts can also move strong LWC located at the top of the fog layer, transporting it to the ground. These coupled processes between the ground and the top of the fog layer can explain the spatial variability of fog during dissipation of the layer.Sensitivity studies proved that small‐scale surface heterogeneities have no impact on the range of dissipation times, but do have an impact on the horizontal structure of fog at small scales. The wind intensity modifies the balance between warming of the surface and wind shear at the fog top, thus impacting the dissipation time of the fog, but it has little impact on the fog heterogeneity during the dissipation phase.
Open Repair of Primary Versus Recurrent Male Unilateral Inguinal Hernias: Perioperative Complications and 1‐Year Follow‐up
Authors: Köckerling F. , Koch A. , Lorenz R. , Reinpold W. , Hukauf M. , Schug‐Pass C. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe recommendation in the European Hernia Society Guidelines for the treatment of recurrent inguinal hernias is to modify the technique in relation to the previous technique, and use a new plane of dissection for mesh implantation. However, the registry data show that even following previous open suture and mesh repair to treat a primary inguinal hernia, open suture and mesh repair can be used once again for a recurrent hernia. It is therefore important to know what the outcome of open repair of recurrent inguinal hernias is compared with open repair of primary inguinal hernias, while taking the previous operation into account.Patients and methodsIn the Herniamed Registry, a total of 17,594 patients with an open primary or recurrent unilateral inguinal hernia repair in men with a 1‐year follow‐up were prospectively documented between September 1, 2009 and August 31, 2013. Of these patients, 15,274 (86.8 %) had an open primary and 2320 (13.2 %) open recurrent repair. In the unadjusted and multivariable analyses, the dependent variables were intra‐ and postoperative complications, reoperations, recurrences, pain at rest, pain on exertion, and pain requiring treatment.ResultsOpen recurrent repair compared with the open primary operation is a significant influence factor for higher intraoperative (p = 0.01) and postoperative (p = 0.05) complication rates, recurrence rate (p < 0.001), and pain rates (p < 0.001). With regard to repair of recurrent inguinal hernia, previous open mesh repair was associated with the least favorable outcome, and with the highest odds ratio, for all outcome criteria. Open recurrent repair following previous endoscopic operation presented the least risk for postoperative complications, complication‐related reoperations, and re‐recurrences. The pain rates identified on follow‐up after open recurrent repair were lower following previous open suture operation compared with following open and endoscopic mesh repair.SummaryA significantly less favorable perioperative and 1‐year follow‐up outcome must be expected for open repair of recurrent inguinal hernia in comparison with open primary inguinal hernia repair. After open recurrent repair, the most favorable perioperative complication and recurrence rates were identified following previous endoscopic repair, and the lowest pain rates following previous open suture repair. Open recurrent repair following previous open mesh operation was associated with the highest risks for perioperative complications, re‐recurrences, and pain.
Natural product derived insecticides: discovery and development of spinetoram
Authors: Galm Ute , Sparks Thomas C 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This review highlights the importance of natural product research and industrial microbiology for product development in the agricultural industry, based on examples from Dow AgroSciences. It provides an overview of the discovery and development of spinetoram, a semisynthetic insecticide derived by a combination of a genetic block in a specific O-methylation of the rhamnose moiety of spinosad coupled with neural network-based QSAR and synthetic chemistry. It also emphasizes the key role that new technologies and multidisciplinary approaches play in the development of current spinetoram production strains.