bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic significance of bone only metastasis compared to visceral metastasis in patients with carcinoma cervix treated with platinum-based chemotherapy
Authors: Mallekavu Suresh Babu , Thanky Aditi Harsh , Kanakasetty Govind Babu , Kuntegowdanahalli Lakshmaiah , Dasappa Lokanatha , Jacob Linu A. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Context: Carcinoma cervix is a leading cause of cancer in Indian females where 15%–60% of the cases eventually metastasize. Bone only metastasis is rare, and data on its response and survival with systemic therapy as compared to other visceral metastasis are limited. Settings and Design: The study design was a retrospective analysis. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed our data between May 2013 and April 2015 to identify the cases of bone only metastasis and visceral metastasis and tried to analyze their outcomes with paclitaxel- and carboplatin-based chemotherapy and bisphosphonates (for bone metastasis only). Results: Totally, 12 cases with bone only metastasis (Group 1) and 43 cases with visceral metastasis (Group 2) were identified. Most common sites of bone metastasis were vertebrae (66.67%) and pelvis (25%) while that of visceral metastasis was liver (44.18%) and lung (34.88%). Only 33.33% and 34.88% of cases in Group 1 and Group 2, respectively, could complete all six cycles of chemotherapy. Overall, response rates were 41.67% and 30.32% in Group 1 and Group 2, respectively. Median progression-free survival and overall survival (OS) were 10 months and 14 months, respectively, in Group 1 as compared to 4 months and 9 months, respectively, in Group 2. The difference in survival was statistically significant. Statistical Analysis Used: It was carried out by SPSS software version 20. Conclusion: Bone only metastasis is a rare and distinct entity with favorable outcomes as compared to visceral metastasis. However, disease remains aggressive and poor OS emphasizing the need of further research.
Intrauterine lignocaine versus paracervical block for pain relief during cervical dilatation and endometrial curettage
Authors: Sayed Alaa El Deen Mahmoud , Mohamed Ahmed Shaaban 
Published: January 2018

Background
Dilatation and curettage and fractional curettage are commonly performed gynecological procedures. Randomized-controlled trials have concluded that topical anesthesia effectively reduces pain in endometrial sampling and hysteroscopy. A major obstacle to the successful completion of outpatient gynecologic procedures is pain. Most patients can tolerate pain to complete necessary procedures, but studies show that pain scores are often high.

Objective
The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of intrauterine instillation of lidocaine, paracervical block, and a combination of both techniques to control pain during endometrial curettage in a randomized, double-blinded trial in premenopausal and postmenopausal women.

Patients and methods
A total of 90 patients scheduled for endometrial curettage were allocated randomly to three groups: group L, group P, and group LP according to the type of anesthesia that was administered. Group L received lidocaine 2% injected into the uterine cavity (n=30). Group P received paracervical block (n=30). Group LP received combined intrauterine lidocaine and paracervical block (n=30). Women were observed for pulse rate and the mean arterial blood pressure was monitored continuously and recorded manually. The pain score assessed using 10 mm visual analog scale. Also, types and incidence of adverse events were reported.

Results
In terms of heart rate changes, there was a statistically significant increase in both groups L and P than group LP. The changes in the mean arterial blood pressure showed no statistical significance difference among the study groups. Statistically significant differences were found in the number of patients who received fentanyl and the total fentanyl required among the three groups; this was less in group LP than the other two groups. Also, the number of patients who received propofol was significantly lower in group LP compared with the other groups. In terms of the quality of intraoperative analgesia, there was statistically significant adequate analgesia in group LP compared with the other groups.

Conclusion
This study concluded that intrauterine lidocaine in combination with paracervical block significantly provides adequate intraoperative and postoperative analgesia, whereas intrauterine lidocaine alone or paracervical block alone provides intraoperative analgesia that requires the addition of intraoperative opioid analgesics and sometimes hypnotics and mostly requires immediate postoperative analgesia.
Influence of temperature on the molecular composition of ions and charged clusters during pure biogenic nucleation
Authors: Frege Carla , Ortega Ismael K. , Rissanen Matti P. , Praplan Arnaud P. , Steiner Gerhard , Heinritzi Martin , Ahonen Lauri , Amorim António , Bernhammer Anne-Kathrin , Bianchi Federico , Brilke Sophia , Breitenlechner Martin , Dada Lubna , Dias António , Duplissy Jonathan , Ehrhart Sebastian , El-Haddad Imad , Fischer Lukas , Fuchs Claudia , Garmash Olga , Gonin Marc , Hansel Armin , Hoyle Christopher R. , Jokinen Tuija , Junninen Heikki , Kirkby Jasper , Kürten Andreas , Lehtipalo Katrianne , Leiminger Markus , Mauldin Roy Lee , Molteni Ugo , Nichman Leonid , Petäjä Tuukka , Sarnela Nina , Schobesberger Siegfried , Simon Mario , Sipilä Mikko , Stolzenburg Dominik , Tomé António , Vogel Alexander L. , Wagner Andrea C. , Wagner Robert , Xiao Mao , Yan Chao , Ye Penglin , Curtius Joachim , Donahue Neil M. , Flagan Richard C. , Kulmala Markku , Worsnop Douglas R. , Winkler Paul M. , Dommen Josef , Baltensperger Urs 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. It was recently shown by the CERN CLOUD experiment that biogenic highly
oxygenated molecules (HOMs) form particles under atmospheric conditions in
the absence of sulfuric acid, where ions enhance the nucleation rate by 1–2 orders of magnitude. The biogenic HOMs were produced from ozonolysis of
α-pinene at 5 ∘C. Here we extend this study to compare the
molecular composition of positive and negative HOM clusters measured with
atmospheric pressure interface time-of-flight mass spectrometers (APi-TOFs),
at three different temperatures (25, 5 and −25 ∘C). Most negative HOM clusters include a
nitrate (NO3-) ion, and the spectra are similar to those seen in the nighttime
boreal forest. On the other hand, most positive HOM clusters include an
ammonium (NH4+) ion, and the spectra are characterized by mass bands
that differ in their molecular weight by ∼ 20 C atoms,
corresponding to HOM dimers. At lower temperatures the average oxygen to
carbon (O : C) ratio of the HOM clusters decreases for both polarities,
reflecting an overall reduction of HOM formation with decreasing temperature.
This indicates a decrease in the rate of autoxidation with temperature due to
a rather high activation energy as has previously been determined by quantum
chemical calculations. Furthermore, at the lowest temperature
(−25 ∘C),
the presence of C30 clusters shows that HOM monomers start to
contribute to the nucleation of positive clusters. These experimental
findings are supported by quantum chemical calculations of the binding
energies of representative neutral and charged clusters.
Why Won’t They Exercise More? Development of a Tool to Assess Motivators and Barriers to Exercise in Older Adults
Authors: Moss Lucy , Moss Mark , McInnes Lynn 
Published: January 2018

Objectives
The aim was to develop a quantitative tool to measure perceived motivators and barriers to exercise amongst older adults in order to facilitate the development of bespoke interventions.
Methods
Focus groups conducted with participants over the age of 65 informed the initial development of a 56-item Motivators and Barriers Questionnaire (MBQ). This was administered to a second sample of 72 sedentary and active older adults (65 to 90 years).
Results
Principle components analysis resulted in five factors defined as motivators to exercise and six factors representing barriers to exercise. A subsequent confirmatory factor analysis provided support for the model as assessed by RMSEA criteria.
Discussion
These findings suggest that the MBQ may help to identify an individual’s ‘profile’ of motivators and barriers to exercise, and so inform personalized interventions that might successfully increase activity levels in adults over 65 years of age when compared to standardised approaches.
Schikken, of toch maar niet?
Authors: Knigge M.W. 
Published: January 2018

Schikken, of toch maar niet? Een onderzoek naar het verschil in werking tussen een rechterlijke uitspraak en een schikking neergelegd in een proces-verbaal
Zowel een rechterlijke uitspraak als een schikking neergelegd in een proces-verbaal levert een executoriale titel op. Voor het overige bestaan echter grote verschillen in werking tussen beide. Een schikking neergelegd in een proces-verbaal is een overeenkomst, zodat de rechtsgevolgen worden bepaald door het overeenkomstenrecht. Meer specifiek is sprake van een vaststellingsovereenkomst. In dit artikel is een aantal knelpunten gesignaleerd dat voortvloeit uit dit verschil in werking en zijn suggesties gedaan om deze knelpunten te ondervangen.
Griffierechten vanuit rechtseconomisch oogpunt
Authors: Vleeschhouwer T. 
Published: January 2018

Griffierechten vanuit rechtseconomisch oogpunt
Griffierechten in civiele zaken vormen een bron van debat. Voorstanders wijzen erop dat griffierechten ongefundeerde vorderingen tegengaan. Tegenstanders vrezen ervoor dat de toegang tot de rechter belemmerd wordt. Dit artikel bespreekt de totstandkoming van het Nederlandse griffierechtensysteem en ontwikkelt daarnaast een rechtseconomisch model op basis van gedragseconomische inzichten om te beoordelen of griffierechten inderdaad de toegang tot de rechter beperken. Deze analyse laat zien dat het Nederlandse griffierechtenstelsel degressief is; bij vorderingen met een hogere geldwaarde wordt relatief minder griffierecht geheven. Het rechtseconomische model voorspelt juist dat een progressief stelsel, waarbij de griffierechten laag zijn bij lage vorderingen en relatief steeds hoger worden bij hogere vorderingen, de toegang tot de rechter het minst beperkt. Het verdient dan ook aanbeveling om het stelsel te heroverwegen.
Het sociaal netwerk van een criminele jeugdgroep
Authors: Wolters Gerard , Oosterhuis Matthijs , Dijkstra Jan Kornelis 
Published: January 2018

The social network of a criminal youth gang. Size, core and key players
In this study the authors examined a criminal youth gang of 35 persons in the Netherlands, using social network analysis, to answer the following questions. To what extent is it possible by means of police records to estimate the size of the complete social network of this criminal youth gang? To what extent are members of this original group part of the core of the complete network? To what extent have members of the original group a central position in the complete network (key players) and are, as such, responsible for holding the complete network together? Information is derived from police records. Results show that the size of the total network of this criminal youth gang consists of 593 individuals with a core of around hundred persons. Seven persons were identified as key players, among which six persons belonged to the original group. The social network approach in this study provides police and justice important indications for a more tailored approach regarding individuals within criminal networks.
Klimadebatten: mange stemmer og mange budskap
Authors: Dahl Trine , Fløttum Kjersti 
Published: January 2018

Vi tar for oss klimadebatten i et språklig perspektiv. Innenfor LINGCLIM-prosjektet studerer vi hvordan kunnskap, oppfatninger og holdninger relatert til klimaendringer manifesterer seg i kommunikasjon mellom forskere, politikere, interessegrupper og vanlige borgere. Debatten preges av at mange deltar, og at forskjellige stemmer formidler forskjellige historier. Språket påvirker holdninger og handlinger; det et kommunikasjonsmiddel som åpner for mange tolkninger, og kan skape nye virkeligheter. Lingvistiske virkemidler som terminologi, agens (hvem gjør hva?), pronomenbruk, presupposisjoner og metaforer er noen viktige verktøy i denne prosessen, og denne artikkelen gir eksempler på hvordan disse er brukt i klimadebatten. SummaryThe climate debate involves a variety of actors and voices. The debate constitutes a meeting place for science, politics, culture, ethics and individual interests and values. Knowledge from different academic disciplines, professions and sectors is being mediated to a diverse audience. Language does not just (re)present reality; it is also used to interpret and influence actions and opinions, as well as to create new realities. This article discusses some linguistic tools that are being used in these processes. Examples are terminology, the linguistic concept of the agent (who is undertaking the action?), use of pronouns and presuppositions to create consensus, as well as metaphors framing the issues at hand.
Bedre offentlig sprogbrug: Gode hensigter rammer grum virkelighed
Authors: Kjøller Klaus 
Published: January 2018

Det er en selvfølgelighed at offentlige myndigheder bør udtrykke sig let forståeligt. Men mange monopolorganisationer gør modstand mod forbedringer, og alt forbliver uændret når sprogkonsulenterne er draget videre efter at have modtaget organisationens officielle hyldest. Hvordan undgår vi at konsulenten og hendes produkter: kurser, pjecer, diasshows, innovationsforløb og teambuildingdage, ender som skueværdier og hyldesucceser uden at kommunikationen forbedres? Artiklen svarer på spørgsmålet ved at give et overblik over udviklingen i Danmark inden for sprog- og kommunikationsrådgivningen fra 1970 til i dag. En udvikling frem mod en mere effektiv rådgivning. SummaryIt is a truism that public authorities should express themselves clearly. But many monopoly organisations are resisting improvement, and everything remains unchanged after the language consultants have received official thanks and moved on. How do we prevent the consultants and their products – courses, brochures, slide shows, innovation processes and teambuilding days – ending up as advertised values and hollow successes without communication being improved? This article answers the question with an overview of developments in the field of language and communication consultancy in Denmark from 1970 to today: a trend towards more effective counselling.
Klarere språk i Fredrikstad og Sarpsborg
Authors: Nilsen Morten , Trømborg Ingrid 
Published: January 2018

Kommunene Fredrikstad og Sarpsborg har jobbet med språket i brev som sendes ut fra oppvekstseksjonene i de to kommunene. Resultatet er fornøyde brukergrupper og færre henvendelser fra forvirrede mottakere. Denne suksessen skyldes godt samarbeid, bred forankring og at fag- og språkekspertise ble kombinert på en god måte i skrivearbeidet. SummaryThe municipalities of Fredrikstad and Sarpsborg have improved the wording of letters in the field of childhood and youth services. As a result, citizens are less confused, ask fewer questions and are happier with the municipalities’ services. This success is due to good co-operation, well-designed working groups combining both subject-matter and language experts, and the fact that the plain language work has a good foundation across the whole organisation.
Kultur eller teknik – refleksioner over hvordan domme skrives
Authors: Thorsteinsdottir Ingibjörg 
Published: January 2018

Sandsynligvis er dommere tilbøjelige til at bruge mere uklart og unøjagtigt sprog end nødvendigt, og deres fagterminologi forstås ikke af alle. Årsagerne til dommeres sprogbrug diskuteres i denne artikel. Det hævdes, at årsagerne er mangfoldige og rodfæstet i fagkulturen og traditioner. For at ændre sproget er det nødvendigt at se på flere forskellige faktorer, der ligger dybere end dommeres kendskab til sproget, for eksempel uddannelse, dommeres rolleopfattelse, hvem de skriver til, samt overvejelser over hvorfor domme muligvis er uklare med vilje. Derfor er det tvivlsomt, om formelle retningslinjer kan være til nytte, medmindre man på samme tid ser på de underliggende faktorer. SummaryJudgments are likely to be written in unclear and vague language and frequent use of legal terms can in itself make the text difficult to understand. This article discusses the reasons behind the way judges use language. It argues that the reasons are manifold and deep-rooted in the traditions of the profession. Therefore, any attempt to change the language has to focus on the underlying factors, starting with attitudes fostered in law school, the professional self-image of judges and those for whom judgments are written. We also discuss whether and why the language judges use may to some extent be intentionally vague.
Kommunalt klarspråksarbeid i Norge
Authors: Vågsland Anna Holm , Walstad Kristin Høie 
Published: January 2018

Klarspråksarbeid i kommunesektoren er et nybrottsarbeid. I Norge er det gjennomført et pilotprosjekt som ble avsluttet i april 2015, og nå er det satt i gang et langsiktig nasjonalt program som skal vare fram til 2020. Erfaringene så langt tilsier at det er mye å hente på nasjonal samordning av klarspråksarbeidet, blant annet fordi delingspotensialet for tekster er så stort. Kommunesektoren kommuniserer stort sett om de samme tjenestene, og gode tekster fra én kommune kan derfor gjenbrukes i en annen. Kommunesektoren er mangfoldig, både når det gjelder antallet ansatte i hver kommune og selve forvaltningen og tjenesteytingen. Kommunenes målgrupper er store og sammensatte; her dreier det seg om mennesker i alle samfunnsgrupper – med ulike evner og forutsetninger, og i alle livets faser. SummaryPlain language work in the local government sector is a ground-breaking initiative. A pilot project was run in Norway, finishing in April 2015, and now a long-term national programme has been launched, to go on until 2020. Experience to date shows that there is much to be gained from national coordination of the plain language work, not least because there is such potential for sharing texts. The local government sector generally communicates on the same services, and good texts from one municipality can therefore be reused in another. The local government sector is diverse, in terms of the number of employees and of the actual administration and service provision. The target groups for the municipalities are large and complex; they include people in all parts of society, with different needs and abilities, and in all phases of life.
How to do things with jokes: Speech acts in standup comedy
Authors: Aarons Debra , Mierowsky Marc 
Published: January 2018

How to do things with jokes: Speech acts in standup comedyIn How to Do Things with Words (1962), the philosopher John Austin claimed that we use words to do things in the world, not merely to express a state of affairs. This proposal introduced speech acts, and essentially initiated the study of linguistic pragmatics. Speech acts in everyday communication include persuading, apologizing, criticizing, humiliating, complimenting and a host of other intended behaviours. Austin accentuated the idea of speaker intention, on one hand, and hearer’s response to that intention if successfully conveyed, on the other. We consider some of the speech acts used in the work of selected standup comedians to analyse the way they determine the relationship of performer and audience. We argue that there is a reciprocal relationship between the licensing of certain speech acts in standup comedy, and the success of these speech acts in shaping the social lives of the audience. We show that this relationship is at the forefront of standup comedy’s social impact and that it can generate heightened consciousness of the social and political environment of the time. Finally, we consider the question of whether socially critical standup can have any noticeable effect on the attitudes or behaviour of both live and digitally mediated audiences.
On the exponent in the Von Bertalanffy growth model
Authors: Renner-Martin Katharina , Brunner Norbert , Kühleitner Manfred , Nowak Werner Georg , Scheicher Klaus 
Published: January 2018

Von Bertalanffy proposed the differential equation m′(t) = p × m(t)a − q × m(t) for the description of the mass growth of animals as a function m(t) of time t. He suggested that the solution using the metabolic scaling exponent a = 2/3 (Von Bertalanffy growth function VBGF) would be universal for vertebrates. Several authors questioned universality, as for certain species other models would provide a better fit. This paper reconsiders this question. Based on 60 data sets from literature (37 about fish and 23 about non-fish species) it optimizes the model parameters, in particular the exponent 0 ≤ a < 1, so that the model curve achieves the best fit to the data. The main observation of the paper is the large variability in the exponent, which can vary over a very large range without affecting the fit to the data significantly, when the other parameters are also optimized. The paper explains this by differences in the data quality: variability is low for data from highly controlled experiments and high for natural data. Other deficiencies were biologically meaningless optimal parameter values or optimal parameter values attained on the boundary of the parameter region (indicating the possible need for a different model). Only 11 of the 60 data sets were free of such deficiencies and for them no universal exponent could be discerned.
Cases in Psychiatry: A description of a multi-campus elective course for pharmacy students
Authors: Phan Stephanie V. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Cases in Psychiatry was a multi-campus elective course aimed to expand psychiatry knowledge beyond the required course curriculum. The format of the class included didactic course work, small group discussion of patient cases and article evaluation, submission of written notes, debates, and script concordance test questions delivered via a live online platform. Based on student assessment and feedback at the end of the course, the elective course was determined to meet the prespecified course objectives.