bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Civic Freedom out of the Sources of Judaism: Mendelssohn, Maimonides, and Law's Promise
Authors: Sacks Elias 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT
This conversation brings together contributors from the fields of Jewish and Christian thought to explore ways of understanding law as a blessing rather than a burden—as an expression of a community's own commitments, for instance, rather than a coercive imposition by an external authority. I recover a legal theory that addresses such concerns, focusing on a neglected text by a figure who is frequently cited yet too little understood: Moses Mendelssohn. Exploring a little-known essay on Jewish property law, I argue that Mendelssohn emphasizes the role of human communities in authorizing divine norms and the role of such norms in promoting freedom, and I suggest that his position continues to possess relevance for twenty-first century readers. Covertly appropriating Maimonides, Mendelssohn casts Jewish law as capable of producing a certain type of civic subject—as a communally authorized means of forming adherents into individuals who contribute to the preservation of freedom.
The Relationship between Capital Structure and Performance in Gulf Countries Banks: A Comparative Study between Islamic Banks and Conventional Banks
Authors: Meero Abdelrhman Ahmad 
Published: December 2015

<p>This paper mainly has two objectives: the first one is to identify the similarity of capital structure between Islamic and Conventional banks; Second objective is to detect the relationship between capital structure variables and performance of Islamic and Conventional Banks in Gulf Countries (GC). This investigation has been performed on a sample of 16 GC Banks (8 Islamic Banks and 8 Conventional Banks) for the period 2005-2014. ROE (return on equity) and ROA (return of asset) have been used as performance measures. Total debt to total assets, Equity to total assets, Debt to equity ratios have been used as capital structure measures. Size of the bank has been considered as dependent variable to identify its relationship with bank performance. Data collected were analyzed by using SPSS software. The results of the research indicate a similarity of capital structure of Islamic banks and Conventional banks in Gulf Countries. ROA as performance measurement has a significant negative relationship with financial leverage and a positive relationship with equity to assets ratio. This relationship is identified at Islamic banks, Conventional banks and all the banks of the sample. Bank size has a positive relationship with ROA and ROE as performance measures in Islamic and Conventional banks. modifications on the market of 122 equity indices and 39 commodities in the eight approaches, depending on the investment time horizon (October-15<sup>th</sup> May, November-15<sup>th</sup> May, October-1<sup>st</sup> May, November-1<sup>st</sup>May) and types of computed rates of return (accrued rates of return and average daily geometric rates of return). Calculations presented in this paper indicate the presence of the sell-in-May-and-go-away effect on the analyzed markets in the classic time frame, as well as in the different time frames. ation in the country. Markets determine nominal exchange rate should prevail in the economy. The country should regulate its foreign reserve policy by setting a threshold, above which excess deposit should be plough back to the domestic economy inform of investments rather than support excessive importation.</p><p> </p>
Realized Volatility Analysis from Various Perspectives Based on Hilbert Huang Transform
Authors: Hou Sizhe , Chen Jiangrui , Yin Lianqian , Zhang Wei , Liu Xiaojie , Li Haoting 
Published: December 2015

<p>In this paper, based on results of the volatility of stock returns after the Hilbert Huang Transform, to research the influential factors of volatility composition, the influential factor model of yield volatility is established. This model studies the volatility from three angles respectively: the hysteresis of impact, the influence degree and the affect correlation. For the hysteresis of impact, this paper uses the model to determine lag phases of different <em>IMF</em> of volatility. For the influence degree, after using principal component analysis to eliminate the multicollinearity between different <em>IMF</em>, we calculate direct contribution, correlation coefficient and variable coefficient to quantify the influence degree of <em>IMF</em> on <em>RV</em>, <em>BV </em>and <em>JV</em>, the independence degree and the information abundance. For affect correlation, this paper adopts four different distance calculating methods and grey correlation method to depict the connection degree between <em>RV</em> and <em>IMF</em>in different dimensions. Finally, this paper uses the data of China's financial markets to carry on the empirical analysis, and explores various characteristics of realized volatility through comprehensive influence degree, in order to provide new perspectives and ideas for financial analysis and forecast. provide new perspectives and ideas for financial analysis and forecast.</p><p> </p>
Modulation characteristics of graphene-based thermal emitters
Authors: Mahlmeister Nathan Howard , Lawton Lorreta Maria , Luxmoore Isaac John , Nash Geoffrey Richard 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
We have investigated the modulation characteristics of the emission from a graphene-based thermal emitter both experimentally and through simulations using finite element method modelling. Measurements were performed on devices containing square multilayer graphene emitting areas, with the devices driven by a pulsed DC drive current over a range of frequencies. Simulations show that the dominant heat path is from the emitter to the underlying substrate, and that the thermal resistance between the graphene and the substrate determines the modulation characteristics. This is confirmed by measurements made on devices in which the emitting area is encapsulated by hexagonal boron nitride.
Phononic bandgaps peculiar to solid–fluid superlattices
Authors: Mizuno Seiji 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
We theoretically study the phonons propagating through a superlattice consisting of alternating layers of an elastic solid and a fluid. In this structure, there exist phononic bandgaps not originating from Bragg reflections. We examine the origin of these non-Bragg gaps and show that they are peculiar to the solid–fluid superlattices, where the number of allowed modes varies periodically. Even a single solid layer immersed in fluid contains discrete frequencies at which incident waves are perfectly reflected. We demonstrate the resonant reflection process at these frequencies. In the multilayered structure, these transmission zeros are gathered and form a bandgap. This is similar to the relation between atomic levels and an electronic energy band, though the allowed and forbidden states are interchanged. This non-Bragg gap introduces novel degrees of freedom to the design of phononic bandgap structures.
The utility of polarized heliospheric imaging for space weather monitoring
Authors: DeForest C. E. , Howard T. A. , Webb D. F. , Davies J. A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA polarizing heliospheric imager is a critical next generation tool for space weather monitoring and prediction. Heliospheric imagers can track coronal mass ejections (CMEs) as they cross the solar system, using sunlight scattered by electrons in the CME. This tracking has been demonstrated to improve the forecasting of impact probability and arrival time for Earth‐directed CMEs. Polarized imaging allows locating CMEs in three dimensions from a single vantage point. Recent advances in heliospheric imaging have demonstrated that a polarized imager is feasible with current component technology.Developing this technology to a high technology readiness level is critical for space weather relevant imaging from either a near‐Earth or deep‐space mission. In this primarily technical review, we developpreliminary hardware requirements for a space weather polarizing heliospheric imager system and outline possible ways to flight qualify and ultimately deploy the technology operationally on upcoming specific missions. We consider deployment as an instrument on NOAA's Deep Space Climate Observatory follow‐on near the Sun‐Earth L1 Lagrange point, as a stand‐alone constellation of smallsats in low Earth orbit, or as an instrument located at the Sun‐Earth L5 Lagrange point. The critical first step is the demonstration of the technology, in either a science or prototype operational mission context.
Evaluation of theoretical and empirical water vapor sorption isotherm models for soils
Authors: Arthur Emmanuel , Tuller Markus , Moldrup Per , de Jonge Lis W. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe mathematical characterization of water vapor sorption isotherms of soils is crucial for modeling processes such as volatilization of pesticides and diffusive and convective water vapor transport. Although numerous physically based and empirical models were previously proposed to describe sorption isotherms of building materials, food, and other industrial products, knowledge about the applicability of these functions for soils is noticeably lacking. We present an evaluation of nine models for characterizing adsorption/desorption isotherms for a water activity range from 0.03 to 0.93 based on measured data of 207 soils with widely varying textures, organic carbon contents, and clay mineralogy. In addition, the potential applicability of the models for prediction of sorption isotherms from known clay content was investigated. While in general, all investigated models described measured adsorption and desorption isotherms reasonably well, distinct differences were observed between physical and empirical models and due to the different degrees of freedom of the model equations. There were also considerable differences in model performance for adsorption and desorption data. While regression analysis relating model parameters and clay content and subsequent model application for prediction of measured isotherms showed promise for the majority of investigated soils, for soils with distinct kaolinitic and smectitic clay mineralogy predicted isotherms did not closely match the measurements.
Grammar and Evaluation
Authors: Hidalgo‐Downing Laura 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe grammar of a language like English provides language users with linguistic (lexicogrammatical, specifically morphosyntactic) resources to express meaning, construct sentences and texts, and to communicate with other speakers. Prosodic, phraseological, and discourse‐pragmatic features are also included in numerous grammars. These grammatical resources are used by speakers to express evaluation.
Concise Total Synthesis of Dehaloperophoramidine
Authors: Popov Kirill , Hoang Anita , Somfai Peter 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPerophoramidine, dehaloperophoramidine, and communesin F are structurally related alkaloids having intriguing polycyclic structures. A strategy for the synthesis of dehaloperophoramidine has been developed. In this synthesis all skeletal atoms and all functional groups required to reach the target molecule are incorporated early in the sequence. This approach led to the discovery of two novel substrate‐specific domino processes, one encompassing four steps and the other comprising five steps, thus resulting in an eight‐step synthesis of dehaloperophoramidine.
Die komplexe Dielektrizitätskonstante wäßriger Lösungen einiger 1‐1‐wertiger Elektrolyte (Salze) im Frequenzbereich 0,5 bis 38 GHz
Authors: Pottel Reinhard , Lossen Ortwin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAus interferometrischen Messungen der Dämpfung und Phase elektromagnetischer Wellen in Frequenz‐bereich 0,5‐38 GHz wurde die komplexe Dielektrizitätskonstante (DK) wäßriger Lösungen der Elektrolyte (CnH2n+1) NBr, n = 1 bis 4, CsJ, LiBr und LiJ bestimmt. Mittels einer genauen Analyse des Frequenzgangs der DK von Lösungen verschiedener Salzkonzentration wird die Änderung folgender Daten des Lösungswassers durch die gelosten Salze festgestellt: der auf Frequenz Null extrapolierten DK, der dielektrischen Hauptrelaxationszeit sowie der Breite und Form des Relaxationszeitspektrums. Diese Daten ermöglichen einige Angaben über die Beeinflussung der Wasserstruktur durch die gelösten Teilchen. Im Frequenzgang der DK aller untersuchten Lösungen deutet sich unterhalb des Wasser‐Dispersions‐Absorptions‐Bereichs ein schwächerer Polarisationsprozeß an, der sich der Wechselwirkung zwischen den lonen zuordnen läßt.
Über den Tunneleffekt des Protons im Doppelminimumpotential von Wasserstoff brückenbindungen: 3. Mitteilung: Protonenübertragung durch Protonensprung und Tunneleffekt
Authors: Brickmann J. , Zimmermann H. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn einem symmetrischen Doppelminimumpotential einer Wasserstoffbrückenbindung kann Protonenübertragung zwischen den beiden Potentialmulden (a) und (b) durch Protonensprung über oder durch Tunneleffekt durch den Potentialwall stattfinden. Die beiden Protonenübertragungsmechanismen werden diskutiert. Insbesondere werden die energetischen Verhältnisse eines Systems erörtert, bei dem Protonensprung‐ und Tunneleffektmechanismus nebeneinander ablaufen.Bei genügend tiefen Temperaturen ist die Protonenübertragung durch Tunneleffekt im allgemeinen schneller als die durch Protonensprung. Das Termschema des Systems ist durch paarweise aufgespaltene Protonenzustände charakterisiert. Die Termaufspaltung †E12 der Zustände niedrigster Energie E1, E2 beschreibt die mittlere Tunnelfrequenz des Protons zwischen (a) und (b).Bei mittleren Temperaturen können die Geschwindigkeiten der Protonenübertragungen durch Tunneleffekt bzw. durch Protonensprung annähernd gleich sein. Durch den Protonensprungmechanismus werden die Lebensdauern der stationären Zustände E1, E2 verkürzt. Die Unschärferelation erzeugt eine Verbreiterung von E1 bzw. E2 um IR, †E1 bzw. †E2. Die Energieunschärfen †E1, †E2 haben die gleiche Größenordnung wic †E12. Die Terme E1, E2 verschmelzen zu einem Zustand.Der Protonentransport wird bei genügend hohen Temperaturen schließlich vorwiegend durch Protonensprünge bestimmt. In diesem Fall werden die Energieunschärfen Δ, Δ großer als ΔE12. An Stelle der getrennten Terme E1, E2 beobachtet man nur noch einen, jedoch stark verbreiterten Zustand.
IR‐Intensitätsmessungen der aromatischen CH‐Valenzschwingungen monosubstituierter Pyridinderivate in flüssiger Phase und in Tetrachlorkohlenstofflösung
Authors: Joeckle R. , Mecke R. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDie Absorptionsdaten der aromatischen CH‐Valenzschwingungen monosubstituierter Pyridinderivate sind unterschiedlich, je nachdem ob die Messungen in flüssigem Aggregatzustand oder in CCl4‐Lösung vorgenommen wurden. In flüssiger Phase verschieben sich sowohl die Einzelbanden als auch der Bandenschwerpunkt ins Langwellige, während die Intensitäten im allgemeinen größer sind als die in CCl4‐Lösung gemessenen Werte. Mit zunehmender elektronensaugender Wirkung der Substituenten verstärken sich die Unterschiede zwischen den Intensitäten IB und I, Dies deutet auf eine Zunahme der intermolekularen Wechselwirkungen hin. Eine Beziehung zwischen ICH und den Taftschen Substituentenparametern ß1, wie sie in CCl4‐Lösung besteht, findet sich auch noch in flüssiger Phase, wenngleich sie durch das sich ständig ändernde Reaktionsfeld bedingt nicht mehr streng erfüllt ist.
Die Differential‐Thermoanalyse zur Bestimmung der Schmelzenthalpien von Metallen und Legierungen bei Temperaturen bis 1200 °C
Authors: Lugscheider Walter 
Published: December 2015

AbstractNach der Beschreibung der apparativen Lösung einer Hochtemperatur‐Differential‐Thermoanalyse (OTA) für hochreaktive Legierungen wird eine quantitative Auswertung der DTA‐Kurven zur Bestimmung von Schmelzenthalpien diskutiert. Es werden die bei der DTA auftretenden Fehlermöglichkeiten dargestellt und unter Berücksichtigung des Einflusses der Temperaturstrahlung der Proportionalitätswert zur quantitativen Auswertung berechnet und durch Eichmessungen kontrolliert. Die entsprechend dem T1‐Gesetz starke Zunahme des Proportionalitätswertes verursacht bei 1100°C bereits eine Verdoppelung des Meßfehlers, weshalb eine Bestimmung von Reaktionswarmen auf differentialthermoanalytischem Weg nur bis etwa 1000 °C sicher erscheint. Bei höheren Temperaturen, vor allem über 1200 °C, müßten die Ergebnisse jedoch als Abschätzungen gewertet werden.Die Eigenart der Meßmethode ergibt eine hohe Trennschärfe für Reaktionen innerhalb sehr kleiner Temperaturintervalle, wodurch auch die Bestimmung von Schmelzenthalpien inkongruent schmelzender intermetallischer Phasen gelingt.Als Beispiele sind thermochemische Daten peritektisch reagierender Verbindungen in den Systemen Samarium‐Quecksilber und Gadolinium‐Mangan gemessen worden.
New Methods for Measurement of Complex Permittivity up to 13 GHz and their Application to the Study of Dielectric Relaxation of Polar Liquids Including Aqueous solutions
Authors: Loeb H. W. , Young G. M. , Quickenden P. A. , Suggett A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractHigh frequency dielectric measurements, until recently the exclusive prerogative of point‐by‐point frequency domain methods, can now be made with very reasonable precision in the time domain. These novel methods which are an extension of the earlier reported Time Domain Reflectometry technique yield dielectric information over a range equivalent in frequency to about 10 MHz to 13 GHz. The theoretical basis of these methods is given and their accuracy demonstrated by reference to measurements on water and ethanol. An example of their application to aqueous systems is also given.
Excess Volumes of Mixtures of Cycloalkanes and Methylcycloalkanes
Authors: Siddiqi M. A. , Götze G. , Kohler Friedrich 
Published: December 2015

AbstractExcess volumes vE have been obtained for mixtures of cyclopentane, methylcyclopentane, methylcyclohexane + n‐heptane, n‐decane, n‐tetradecane, carbon tetrachloride: methylcyclopentane + benzene, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane and methylcyclo‐hexane + cyclopentane at 293.15 K and 313.15 K, and cyclohexane + benzene at 293.15 K. The excess volumes of cyclopentane mixtures are much smaller than those of cyclohexane mixtures. Addition of a methyl group to cyclopentane enhances vE, to cyclohexane decreases vE. This behaviour seems to be caused by packing effects due to molecular structure, as yet not sufficiently accounted for by theories of mixtures.
Thermodynamic Data of Equilibrium Reactions of Solvated Electrons in Ammonia and the Dissociation Constant of Ammonia — an Electrochemical Study
Authors: Werner M. , Schindewolf U. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWith an electrochemical cell (without transference) responding reversible to Na+ ‐ions and solvated electrons e− or NH4+‐ions resp. in liquid ammonia the thermodynamic data were obtained for the following reactions: 1) Nas ⇌ Na+ + e−, 2) Nas + NH4+ ⇌ Na+ + 1/2 H2 + NH3, 3) e− + NH4+ ⇌ 1/2 H2 + NH3, 4) 1/2 H2 + NH2− ⇌ e− + NH3. The data are combined to yield the dissociation constant of ammonia 6) 2NH3 ⇌ NH4+ + NH2−: K = 9 · 10−31 (+25°C) and δH° = 94 kJ/mol. The excellent agreement of δH0 for reaction 3) and 6) determined here by electrochemical means with those from direct calorimetric determinations proves the high reliability of the reported data.
Spectrofluorimetric determination of thioridazine and flupentixol in dosage forms; application to content uniformity test
Authors: Attia Tamer Z. , Omar Mahmoud A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA reliable, sensitive, cheap and non‐extractive spectrofluorimetric method has been developed and validated for determination of thioridazine and flupentixol based on ternary complex formation with eosin and lead(II) in the presence of methylcellulose as surfactant at pH 3.2. Under the optimum conditions, the quantitative quenching effect of investigated drugs on the native fluorescence of eosin has been investigated. The quenching of the eosin fluorescence was measured at 517 nm after excitation at 462 nm. The different experimental parameters affecting the development and stability of the reaction products were carefully studied and optimized, and the results were satisfactory. The calibration plots were constructed over the range of 0.5–3.0 µg mL−1. The developed method was successfully applied for determination of investigated drugs in commercial tablets without interference from common excipients. It was further applied for content uniformity testing of flupentixol in its tablets. Statistical comparisons of the results with those of the reference methods revealed excellent agreement and indicated no significant difference in accuracy and precision. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Fluorescence Properties of Pyrimidine‐Based Diboron Complexes with Donor–π–Acceptor Structures
Authors: Kubota Yasuhiro , Kasatani Kouhei , Niwa Takahiro , Sato Hiroyasu , Funabiki Kazumasa , Matsui Masaki 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPyrimidine‐based diboron complexes bearing β‐iminoenolate ligands and phenyl groups as bulky substituents on the boron atoms were synthesized as novel fluorescent dyes, and their fluorescence properties were investigated in solution and in the solid state. The diboron complexes with donor–π–acceptor structures showed positive solvatochromism in the fluorescence spectra. The cyano derivative exhibited the most dramatic redshift of the fluorescence maximum Fmax with increasing solvent polarity (from 551 nm in n‐hexane to 710 nm in acetonitrile). The diboron complexes showed solid‐state fluorescence in the range of 578–706 nm with fluorescence quantum yields of 0.06–0.28. Additionally, the trifluoromethyl derivative exhibited solvent‐inclusion solid‐state fluorescence. The trifluoromethyl derivative formed toluene‐inclusion and ethyl acetate‐inclusion crystals. The toluene‐inclusion crystal (Fmax=668 nm, Φf=0.16) showed a blueshifted Fmax and higher Φf value compared to the original trifluoromethyl derivative (Fmax=694 nm, Φf=0.08) in the solid state. On the other hand, the Fmax (709 nm) and Φf (0.04) values of the ethyl acetate‐inclusion crystal were redshifted and lower, respectively.
Structural Control of Cell Permeability with Highly Emissive Europium(III) Complexes Permits Different Microscopy Applications
Authors: Starck Matthieu , Pal Robert , Parker David 
Published: December 2015

AbstractFour anionic europium complexes are described based on triazacyclononane tris‐carboxylate or phosphinate ligands. In each case, the three sensitising chromophores comprise a substituted aryl–alkynyl pyridine group, with complex brightness in water falling in the range 4 to 23 mM−1 cm−1. para‐Substitution of the aryl ring with carboxymethyl groups gives complexes that are taken into cells, stain the lysosomes selectively and unexpectedly permit lifetime measurements of lysosomal pH. In contrast, the introduction of sulfonate groups inhibits cell uptake enabling the Eu complex to be used as an extracellular donor for FRET applications at the membrane surface. Using time‐gated FRET microscopy, the cell membrane structure was highlighted, in which Cell Mask Deep Red was used as a membrane‐ localized FRET acceptor.