bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low protein diet protects the liver from Salmonella Typhimurium-mediated injury by modulating the mTOR/autophagy axis in macrophages
Authors: Wojtowicz Edyta E. , Hampton Katherine , Moreno-Gonzalez Mar , Utting Charlotte L. , Lan Yuxuan , Ruiz Paula , Beasy Gemma , Bone Caitlin , Hellmich Charlotte , Maynard Rebecca , Acton Luke , Markham Matthew , Troeberg Linda , Telatin Andrea , Kingsley Robert A. , Macaulay Iain C. , Rushworth Stuart A. , Beraza Naiara 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWestern diets are the underlying cause of metabolic and liver diseases. Recent trend to limit the consumption of protein-rich animal products has become more prominent. This dietary change entails decreased protein consumption; however, it is still unknown how this affects innate immunity. Here, we studied the influence of a low protein diet (LPD) on the liver response to bacterial infection in mice. We found that LPD protects from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium)-induced liver damage. Bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing of murine liver cells showed reduced inflammation and upregulation of autophagy-related genes in myeloid cells in mice fed with LPD after S. Typhimurium infection. Mechanistically, we found reduced activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, whilst increased phagocytosis and activation of autophagy in LPD-programmed macrophages. We confirmed these observations in phagocytosis and mTOR activation in metabolically programmed human peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages. Together, our results support the causal role of dietary components on the fitness of the immune system.
Spontaneous reversal of spin chirality and competing phases in the topological magnet EuAl4
Authors: Vibhakar Anuradha M. , Khalyavin Dmitry D. , Orlandi Fabio , Moya Jamie M. , Lei Shiming , Morosan Emilia , Bombardi Alessandro 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMaterials exhibiting a spontaneous reversal of spin chirality have the potential to drive the widespread adoption of chiral magnets in spintronic devices. Unlike the majority of chiral magnets that require the application of an external field to reverse the spin chirality, we observe the spin chirality to spontaneously reverse in the topological magnet EuAl4. Using resonant elastic x-ray scattering we demonstrate that all four magnetic phases in EuAl4 are single-k, where the first two magnetic phases are characterized by spin density wave order and the last two by helical spin order. A single spin chirality was stabilised across the 1mm2 sample, and the reversal of spin chirality occurred whilst maintaining a helical magnetic structure. At the onset of the helical magnetism, the crystal symmetry lowers to a chiral monoclinic space group, explaining the asymmetry in the chiral spin order, and establishing a mechanism by which the spin chirality could reverse via magnetostructural coupling.
Mechanical force-switchable aqueous organocatalysis
Authors: Das Nikita , Maity Chandan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractControl over the catalytic activity of artificial catalytic systems in aqueous media is of high interest for biomimetic artificial catalysts. The activity of catalytic systems can be controlled via introducing stimuli-responsive feature in the structure of the catalytic systems. However, temperature, pH or light have been predominantly used as stimulus. Aqueous catalytic system whose activity can be turned ‘ON/OFF’ employing mechanical force has not been demonstrated. Here we show how catalytic activity of an aqueous catalytic system can be switched ‘ON/OFF’ via the application/ceasing ultrasound stimulus. We demonstrate that the accessibility of imidazole, a catalyst moiety, can be modulated via the presence/absence of the ultrasound stimulus, resulting temporal control over the rate of ester hydrolysis reactions in aqueous buffer solution. This generic approach enables using a large range of organocatalysts for the preparation of molecules and/or materials in aqueous media for their application to material science, and in biomedical field.
Accelerating solar-powered desalination deployment through transferable learning
Authors: Wang Ruoqing , He Wei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSolar desalination offers a promising solution to the global water shortage, yet it is underutilized compared to traditional fossil fuel-driven methods. Past solar desalination research prioritized efficiency enhancement and cost reduction, overlooking critical knowledge gaps and specific needs for facilitating the technology’s adoption. Here we apply lessons from the successful development of photovoltaics and lithium-ion batteries to enhance the solar desalination impact’s on water scarcity. We analyze four decades of research, noting consistent cost decreases in key solar desalination technologies, alongside variable efficiency trends. Investigating cost reduction strategies in photovoltaics and batteries reveals opportunities to accelerate solar desalination uptake. Our findings reveal cost-saving potential through economies-of-scale and learning-by-doing particularly in system-level innovations, which could yield benefits already seen in the photovoltaics, batteries and some membrane materials but not yet in solar desalination systems. We also propose adopting standardized metrics to monitor consistent progress across different technologies but distinct learning curves tailored to application scenarios, promoting targeted advancements for widespread adoption.
Decreasing trend in destructive potential of tropical cyclones in the South Indian Ocean since the mid-1990s
Authors: Tu Shifei , Hu Zhenzhen , Liang Mei , Zhou Wen , Chan Johnny C. L. , Xu Jianjun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTropical cyclone activity often leads to many adverse impacts and assessing their destructiveness is a crucial scientific concern. Here we investigated changes in the destructiveness of tropical cyclones worldwide using the power dissipation index and found that there is no clear trend in most basins, but a significant decrease in power dissipation index has been detected in the South Indian Ocean basin since 1994, which is almost entirely due to a decrease in both tropical cyclone frequency and duration in this basin. The decrease in tropical cyclone frequency is influenced by increased atmospheric stability. The decrease in tropical cyclone duration can be attributed to the changes in tropical cyclone locations. In addition, the weakened subtropical high is only observed in the South Indian Ocean (i.e., the Mascarene High), which is also associated with the decrease in tropical cyclone destructiveness. These findings have implications for assessing the destructive potential of future tropical cyclones.
Cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention of CVD: time to think about cardiovascular health rather than rehabilitation
Authors: Redfern Julie , Gallagher Robyn , Maiorana Andrew , Candelaria Dion , Hollings Matthew , Gauci Sarah , O’Neil Adrienne , Chaseling Georgia K. , Zhang Ling , Thomas Emma E. , Ghisi Gabriela L. M. , Gibson Irene , Hyun Karice , Beatty Alexis , Briffa Tom , Taylor Rod S. , Arena Ross , Jennings Catriona , Wood David , Grace Sherry L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDuring the past century, there have been major developments in the medical and surgical treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD). These advancements have resulted in more people surviving initial events and having reduced length of stay in hospital; consequently, there is an increasing number of people in need of ongoing and lifelong cardiovascular risk management. The physical and emotional effects of living with CVD are ongoing with broad challenges ranging from the individual to system level. However, post-discharge care of people with coronary disease continues to follow a 50-year-old cardiac rehabilitation model which focuses on the sub-acute phase and is of a finite in duration. The aim of this paper is to consider the concept of supporting survivors to live well with CVD rather than ‘rehabilitating’ them and propose factors for consideration in reframing secondary prevention towards optimizing cardiovascular health. We discuss deeply-held potential considerations and challenges associated with the concept of supporting survivors achieve optimal cardiovascular health and live well with CVD rather than ‘rehabilitating’ them. We propose the concept of 5 x P’s for reframing traditional cardiac rehabilitation towards the concept of cardiovascular health for survivors beyond ‘rehabilitation’. These include the need for personalization, processes, patient-centered care, parlance, and partnership. Taken together, consideration of challenges at the systems and population level will ultimately improve engagement with secondary prevention as well as outcomes for all people who need it.
Recent advances in understanding the roles of T cells in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Pu Jiu , Du Yimei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia associated with severe outcomes like heart failure and stroke. Recent studies highlight the crucial role of T in AF. Clinical studies have observed elevated levels of CD4+CD28null T cells, Th17/Treg cells, CD8+ cells, and related markers in the peripheral blood or atrial tissue of AF patients, correlating with disease severity and cardiovascular events. These T cell subsets contribute to AF through: (1) releasing inflammatory factors like TNF-α and IL-17 which affect calcium homeostasis and electrical activity in atrial myocytes and/or promote atrial fibrosis; (2) recruiting inflammatory cells such as macrophages, causing local inflammation, oxidative stress, and atrial remodeling; (3) secreting cytotoxic proteins like perforin and granzymes, inducing apoptosis in atrial myocytes and affecting their action potentials; (4) direct contact, influencing atrial myocyte electrophysiology. Understanding these T cell-mediated mechanisms may uncover new therapeutic targets for AF.
Vehicle-to-grid response to a frequency contingency in a national grid
Authors: Sturmberg Bjorn C. P. , Hapuarachchi Lahiru , Jones Laura , Lucas-Healey Kathryn , van Biljon Justus 
Published: September 2024

AbstractVehicle-to-grid technology enables electric vehicles to contribute their large, high-power batteries to power systems reserves. Here we report the first demonstration of a fleet of vehicles discharging to support system security after a frequency contingency in a national grid. Our results highlight the potential of vehicle-to-grid, with vehicles discharging within 6 s of the contingency event, and shortcomings, with vehicles recommencing charging before the power system had fully recovered.
Transmission scheme for collaborative‐RIS‐aided NOMA system with multiple channels
Authors: Li Heyi , Wang Hong , Li Peiqi , Wang Peiyu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the combination of collaborative reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) with non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) to enhance the quality of service (QoS) in communication systems. By introducing collaborative RIS, a virtual line‐of‐sight (LoS) link can be established between the base station (BS) and the users. In this article, the aim is to minimize the total transmit power under the constraint of each user's QoS by optimizing the phase shifts and the power allocation coefficients. To proceed, two approaches are proposed with different complexities to solve the formulated power minimization problem. Specifically, in the first method, a sub‐channel allocation scheme based on the user locations is developed, and the phase shifts are optimized to obtain the minimum transmit power for fixed channel assignment, which is further addressed by using the alternating optimization and the sequence rotation methods. In the second approach, a joint optimization algorithm that achieves the channel assignment vectors and the phase shift coefficients in an alternative manner, and a sub‐channel assignment algorithm based on the equivalent channel gain is developed. The simulation results show that the proposed transmission scheme has the capability of improving system performance significantly compared with the conventional schemes.
Can Peripheral Arterial Tonometry and Biomarkers Help Identify Women Who Will Have Progressively Worsening Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy?
Authors: Clifford Caitlin M. , Hesson Ashley M. , Sangtani Ajleeta , Ganesh Santhi K. , Langen Elizabeth S. 
Published: September 2024

Objective This study aimed to (1) evaluate whether endothelial dysfunction, as measured by peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT) indices and biomarker (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 [sFLT], brain natriuretic peptide [BNP]) levels at 34 weeks gestation, can predict progression from nonsevere to severe hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs); and (2) develop a clinical risk model for prediction of progression from nonsevere to severe HDP.
Study Design We prospectively enrolled patients with a singleton gestation carrying a nonsevere HDP diagnosis. Forty-five participants were enrolled for PAT evaluation and serum collection between 340/7 and 366/7 weeks. PAT indices (e.g., Augmentation Index normalized to a heart rate of 75 bpm [AI75]) and biomarker concentrations were assessed at enrollment. The primary outcome was progression from a nonsevere diagnosis in the late preterm period to a diagnosis of preeclampsia with severe features or superimposed preeclampsia. Statistical analyses included two-sample t-tests, Fisher's exact tests, and multivariate modeling.
Results Thirteen subjects (30%) progressed to severe disease. No significant differences in mean PAT indices between the outcome groups were found. We found a significant difference in mean sFLT values between the two groups (p = 0.02, area under the curve [AUC] of 0.609), but not in mean BNP values. An endothelial dysfunction index (presence of fetal growth restriction, “high” AI75, and positive systolic blood pressure slope) discriminated between progression and nonprogression (p = 0.03, AUC of 0.707).
Conclusion sFLT level was a marker of progression from nonsevere to severe HDP. Further, a novel endothelial dysfunction index discriminated between progression and nonprogression to severe disease with good performance.
Key Points
Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy and De-escalation of Surgery in Locally Advanced Breast Implant-associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Salgarello Marzia , Krupa Jaroslaw , Allchin Rebecca , Pilgrim Simon , Miall Fiona , Napoli Arianna Di , Martelli Maurizio , Tarantino Giulio 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBreast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare form of non-Hodgkin T-cell lymphoma diagnosed in patients with a history of breast implants. Most patients develop a periprosthetic effusion at early stages of disease while less common presentations include a palpable mass, severe capsular contracture, lymphadenopathy, or cutaneous erythema. Due to the complex nature of this disease, a multidisciplinary approach is necessary for optimal management, particularly in locally advanced disease or inoperable patients. We present the successful use of neoadjuvant therapeutic protocols in two cases of locally advanced BIA-ALCL. The first case was a 52-year-old patient with a left breast mass-like stage III disease who underwent combined targeted immunotherapy and chemotherapy (brentuximab vedotin [BV]–cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, prednisone [CHP]). Following a complete radiological and metabolic response, the patient underwent bilateral implant removal, right total intact capsulectomy, left en bloc capsulectomy, and skin resection from the left inframammary fold in continuity with the capsule. The second case was a 65-year-old patient with right breast swelling and mass-like stage IIA disease who received targeted immunotherapy, BV. Following a complete metabolic response, she underwent bilateral implant removal and en bloc capsulectomy. A literature review and the reported cases suggest the effectiveness of targeted immunotherapy as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy in locally advanced BIA-ALCL in disease downstaging, surgical de-escalation, reduction of significant postoperative complications, and an acceptable tolerance profile. Although surgery is an essential part of treatment, the timing and type of intervention should be carefully planned, especially when primary, radical resection is uncertain.
Iron-Catalyzed Deboronation/Cyanoalkylation of Vinyl Boronic Acids with Cyclobutanone Ketoximes
Authors: Zhang Hua-Wei , Wang Yu-Zhao , Li Yan , Cheng Xiu-Fen , Zhang Han-Yue , Wang Zi-Ying , Xu Nuo , Su Yan-Qi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this paper, an iron-catalyzed deboronation/cyanoalkylation of vinyl boronic acids for the preparation of distal cyanoalkyl alkenes with vinyl boronic acids as radical acceptor and activator is reported. In this reaction, various cyclobutanone oximes and substituted vinyl boronic acids can be transformed into the corresponding cyanoalkylated alkenes in moderate to good yields under these conditions. Mechanistic studies indicated that a single-electron transfer process may be involved in this transformation.
A Novel Synthesis of Substituted Benzo[1,2,4]triazine Derivatives via Copper-Catalyzed Intermolecular N-Arylation of 2-Iodoaniline and Hydrazonoyl Chlorides
Authors: Nematpour Manijeh , Nouri Reihane 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this contribution, a speedy and direct approach for the synthesis of benzo[1,2,4]triazine derivatives via a copper-catalyzed intermolecular N-arylation of 2-iodoaniline and hydrazonoyl chlorides is described. The reaction proceeds in THF at room temperature with no need for any ligand. The use of simple and readily available starting materials, mild copper-catalytic reaction conditions, and good yields (72–92%) are remarkable specifications of this protocol.
Do speakers’ gestures affect listeners’ understanding of temporal relationships between events?
Authors: Yoshida Kai , Sekine Kazuki 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study investigated how the direction and movement of gestures affect mental representations of time. Previous
research by Tversky and Jamalian (2021) demonstrated that gestures influence how people
perceive temporal relationships, with participants’ drawings reflecting the shape (circular or linear) of the gestures they
observed. However, the influence of gesture direction was not examined. In the present study, 50 Japanese adults were exposed to
different types of gestures, including leftward and rightward linear or circular gestures. Participants were then asked to draw
diagrams representing the temporal flow of events. The results showed significant associations between the type of gesture and the
participants’ drawings. Specifically, the direction and form of the gestures — whether leftward or rightward, linear or circular —
significantly influenced how participants depicted temporal relationships. These findings highlight the importance of both gesture
direction and movement in shaping individuals’ mental representations of time.
Observation of Zero-Energy Modes with Possible Time-Reversal Symmetry Breaking on Step Edge of CaKFe4As4
Authors: Cao 曹 Lu 路 , Li 李 Geng 更 , Liu 刘 Wenyao 文尧 , Liu 刘 Ya-Bin 亚彬 , Chen 陈 Hui 辉 , Xing 邢 Yuqing 宇庆 , Kong 孔 Lingyuan 令元 , Yang 杨 Fazhi 发枝 , Hu 胡 Quanxin 全欣 , Li 李 Meng 萌 , Zhou 周 Xingtai 兴泰 , Chen 陈 Zichao 子超 , Ke 柯 Chenhang 晨航 , Hu 胡 Lunhui 仑辉 , Cao 曹 Guang-Han 光旱 , Wu 吴 Congjun 从军 , Ding 丁 Hong 洪 , Gao 高 Hong-Jun 鸿钧 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Topologically nontrivial Fe-based superconductors attract extensive attentions due to their ability of hosting Majorana zero modes (MZMs) which could be used for topological quantum computation. Topological defects such as vortex lines are required to generate MZMs. Here, we observe the robust edge states along the surface steps of CaKFe4As4. Remarkably, the tunneling spectra show a sharp zero-bias peak (ZBP) with multiple integer-quantized states at the step edge under zero magnetic field. We propose that the increasing hole doping around step edges may drive the local superconductivity into a state with possible spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking. Consequently, the ZBP can be interpreted as an MZM in an effective vortex in the superconducting topological surface state by proximity to the center of a tri-junction with different superconducting order parameters. Our results provide new insights into the interplay between topology and unconventional superconductivity, and pave a new path to generate MZMs without magnetic field.
Computational electron–phonon superconductivity: from theoretical physics to material science
Authors: Chen Shiya , Zheng Feng , Zhang Zhen , Wu Shunqing , Ho Kai-Ming , Antropov Vladimir , Sun Yang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe search for room-temperature superconductors is a major challenge in modern physics. The discovery of copper-oxide superconductors in 1986 brought hope but also revealed complex mechanisms that are difficult to analyze and compute. In contrast, the traditional electron–phonon coupling (EPC) mechanism facilitated the practical realization of superconductivity (SC) in metallic hydrogen. Since 2015, the discovery of new hydrogen compounds has shown that EPC can enable room-temperature SC under high pressures, driving extensive research. Advances in computational capabilities, especially exascale computing, now allow for the exploration of millions of materials. This paper reviews newly predicted superconducting systems in 2023–2024, focusing on hydrides, boron–carbon systems, and compounds with nitrogen, carbon, and pure metals. Although many computationally predicted high-Tcsuperconductors were not experimentally confirmed, some low-temperature superconductors were successfully synthesized. This paper provides a review of these developments and future research directions.
Multivariate growth analysis on D019–phase Mn3Ga kagome–based topological antiferromagnets
Authors: Chang Wei-Chih , Cheng Anqi , Gao Yangjun , Xu Feiya , Li Xu , Wu Yaping , Wu Zhiming , Kang Junyong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The combination of antiferromagnetism and topological properties in Mn3X (X = Sn,Ge,Ga) offers a unique platform to explore novel spin–dependent phenomena and develop innovative spintronic devices. Here, we have systematically investigated the phase transition of Mn3Ga thin films on SiO2(001)/Si substrates under various growth parameters such as seeding layer structure, annealing conditions, and film thickness. The relatively thick Mn3Ga films grown with Ru seeding exhibit a variety of polycrystalline hexagonal phases, including (002), and (201). The addition of a Ta layer to the conventional Ru seeding layer promotes the formation of nearly single–crystal antiferromagnetic (AF) Mn3Ga(002) phase from the relatively thin Mn3Ga films after annealing at 773 K. The investigation of the growth mechanism of Mn3Ga polycrystalline thin films provides a reference strategy for exploring Mn–based AF spintronic devices.
Reciprocal or nonreciprocal bimolecular interface and quantum entanglement
Authors: Wang Xing-Chen , Wang Jing-Wei , Cao Lian-Zhen , Zhao Jia-Qiang , Lü Dong-Yan , Sui Ji-Xiang , Dong Xiu-Juan , Li Bo , Wang Guang-Hui , Zhou Yuan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We study a hybrid system of a plasmonic cavity coupled to a pair of different molecular vibration modes with the strong optomechanical-like interactions. Here, this plasmonic cavity is considered as a quantum data bus and then assist several applications. For instance, it can first establish a bimolecular interface to ensure the reciprocal or non-reciprocal information transmission, and then engineer both molecules into the steady-state quantum entanglement of the continuous variable through the dissipative method. In contrast to the traditional optomechanical system, this hybrid system can provide the stronger optomechanical-like interactions and more convenient controls to the molecular quantum units. This investigation is believed to be able to further expand the practical application range of quantum technology.