bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Comorbid Depression and Diabetes Mellitus on Cognitive Decline in Older Mexican Americans
Authors: Downer Brian , Vickers Benjamin N. , Al Snih Soham , Raji Mukaila , Markides Kyriakos S. 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesTo assess the relationship between comorbid depression, diabetes mellitus (DM), and cognitive decline in Mexican Americans aged 65 and older.DesignRetrospective cohort study with longitudinal analysis.SettingTexas, New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, and California.ParticipantsHispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly.MeasurementsCognition was assessed using the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE). Depression was defined as a score of 16 or greater on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. DM was defined as according to self‐reported history or taking insulin or oral hypoglycemic medication.ResultsParticipants with depression and DM declined an average of 6.5 points on the MMSE; depression only, 4.4 points; DM only, 7.8 points; and neither condition, 4.2 points across the six examination waves. Participants with DM declined an average of 0.18 more points on the MMSE per year (P = .001) than those with neither DM nor depression, and those with comorbid DM and depression declined 0.25 more points per year (P = .002). Depression was associated with significantly greater cognitive decline ( = −0.11, P = .05) after excluding participants with baseline cognitive impairment (MMSE score ≤17). Participants with DM were 1.08 (95% CI = 1.03–1.12) times as likely as those with neither DM nor depression, and those with comorbid DM and depression were 1.08 (95% CI = 1.01–1.15) times as likely as those with neither DM nor depression to develop severe cognitive impairment per year.ConclusionDM and comorbid depression and DM are risk factors for cognitive decline in older Mexican Americans. Interventions that reduce the prevalence of depression and DM in Mexican Americans may decrease the number of older adults who experience cognitive decline.
Predictive Validity of the Beers and Screening Tool of Older Persons’ Potentially Inappropriate Prescriptions (STOPP) Criteria to Detect Adverse Drug Events, Hospitalizations, and Emergency Department Visits in the United States
Authors: Brown Joshua D. , Hutchison Lisa C. , Li Chenghui , Painter Jacob T. , Martin Bradley C. 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesTo compare the predictive validity of the 2003 Beers, 2012 American Geriatrics Society (AGS) Beers, and Screening Tool of Older Persons’ potentially inappropriate Prescriptions (STOPP) criteria.DesignRetrospective cohort.SettingManaged care administrative claims data from 2006 to 2009.ParticipantsCommercially insured persons aged 65 and older in the United States (N = 174,275).MeasurementsAssociation between adverse drug events (ADEs), emergency department (ED) visits, and hospitalization outcomes and inappropriate medication use using time‐varying Cox proportional hazard models. Measures of model discrimination (c‐index) and hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated to compare unadjusted and adjusted models for associations.ResultsThe prevalence of inappropriate prescribing was 34.1% for the 2012 AGS Beers criteria, 32.2% for the 2003 Beers criteria, and 27.6% for the STOPP criteria. Each set of criteria modestly discriminated ADEs in unadjusted analyses (STOPP criteria: hazard ratio (HR) = 2.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.68–3.12, C‐index = 0.607; 2012 AGS Beers criteria: HR = 2.51, 95% CI = 2.33–2.70, C‐index = 0.603; 2003 Beers criteria: HR = 2.65, 95% CI = 2.46–2.85, C‐index = 0.605). Similar results were observed for ED visits and hospitalizations. The c‐indices increased to between 0.65 and 0.70 in adjusted analyses. The kappa for agreement between criteria was 0.80 for the 2003 and 2012 AGS Beers criteria, 0.58 for the 2012 AGS Beers and STOPP criteria, and 0.59 for the 2003 Beers and STOPP criteria. For the three outcomes, the 2012 AGS Beers criteria had the highest sensitivity (61.2–71.2%) and the lowest specificity (41.2–70.7%), and the STOPP criteria had the lowest sensitivity (53.8–64.7%) but the highest specificity (47.8–78.1%).ConclusionAll three criteria were modestly prognostic for ADEs, EDs, and hospitalizations, with the STOPP criteria slightly outperforming both Beers criteria. With low sensitivity, low specificity, and low agreement between the criteria, they can be used in a complementary fashion to enhance sensitivity in detecting ADEs.
Driving Cessation and Health Outcomes in Older Adults
Authors: Chihuri Stanford , Mielenz Thelma J. , DiMaggio Charles J. , Betz Marian E. , DiGuiseppi Carolyn , Jones Vanya C. , Li Guohua 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesTo determine what effect driving cessation may have on subsequent health and well‐being in older adults.DesignSystematic review of the evidence in the research literature on the consequences of driving cessation in older adults.SettingCommunity.ParticipantsDrivers aged 55 and older.MeasurementsStudies pertinent to the health consequences of driving cessation were identified through a comprehensive search of bibliographic databases. Studies that presented quantitative data for drivers aged 55 and older; used a cross‐sectional, cohort, or case–control design; and had a comparison group of current drivers were included in the review.ResultsSixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Driving cessation was reported to be associated with declines in general health and physical, social, and cognitive function and with greater risks of admission to long‐term care facilities and mortality. A meta‐analysis based on pooled data from five studies examining the association between driving cessation and depression revealed that driving cessation almost doubled the risk of depressive symptoms in older adults (summary odds ratio = 1.91, 95% confidence interval = 1.61–2.27).ConclusionDriving cessation in older adults appears to contribute to a variety of health problems, particularly depression. These adverse health consequences should be considered in making the decision to cease driving. Intervention programs ensuring mobility and social functions may be needed to mitigate the potential adverse effects of driving cessation on health and well‐being in older adults.
Construction and evaluation of FiND, a fall risk prediction model of inpatients from nursing data
Authors: Yokota Shinichiroh , Ohe Kazuhiko 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimTo construct and evaluate an easy‐to‐use fall risk prediction model based on the daily condition of inpatients from secondary use electronic medical record system data.MethodsThe present authors scrutinized electronic medical record system data and created a dataset for analysis by including inpatient fall report data and Intensity of Nursing Care Needs data. The authors divided the analysis dataset into training data and testing data, then constructed the fall risk prediction model FiND from the training data, and tested the model using the testing data.ResultsThe dataset for analysis contained 1,230,604 records from 46,241 patients. The sensitivity of the model constructed from the training data was 71.3% and the specificity was 66.0%. The verification result from the testing dataset was almost equivalent to the theoretical value.ConclusionAlthough the model's accuracy did not surpass that of models developed in previous research, the authors believe FiND will be useful in medical institutions all over Japan because it is composed of few variables (only age, sex, and the Intensity of Nursing Care Needs items), and the accuracy for unknown data was clear.
Psychometric evaluation of the Diabetes Symptom Checklist–Revised in patients with type 2 diabetes in Turkey
Authors: Terkes Nurten , Bektas Hicran 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimTo evaluate the psychometric properties of the Diabetes Symptoms Checklist–Revised (DSC‐R), as measures of diabetes‐related symptoms, in patients with type 2 diabetes in Turkey.MethodsThis research was carried out on 340 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases of a university hospital in Turkey, between 25 January 2011 and 1 April 2011. Personal information forms developed by the researchers and the DSC‐R were used as the data tools. All data were collected by authors during face‐to‐face interviews.ResultsAccording to the results of the research, the patients had a mean ± standard deviation age 55.9 ± 7.54 years (range, 20–65) and included most patients who were female (64.1%), married (87.1%), housewives (50.3%), and had completed primary education (47.4%). Cronbach's alpha found reliability for the total scale to be 0.92 and subscale alpha coefficients ranged 0.76–0.85. Confirmatory factor analysis resulted in a six factor structure: (i) neurology; (ii) psychology/fatigue; (iii) cardiology; (iv) ophthalmology; (v) psychology/cognition; and (vi) hyperglycemia.ConclusionThe Turkish version of the DSC‐R was found to be a reliable and valid means to measure the level in effect on symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Influence of older primiparity on childbirth, parenting stress, and mother–child interaction
Authors: Sonobe Mami , Usui Masami , Hiroi Kayoko , Asai Hiromi , Hiramatsu Mayumi , Nekoda Yasutoshi , Hirose Taiko 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimDelivery at 35 years and above has increased in Japan. While there is much research concerning obstetrical risk and delivery at advanced age, little research addresses child‐rearing after birth. This study seeks to identify how older primiparas' characteristics of child‐rearing, parenting stress, and mother–child interaction differ from those of younger mothers.MethodsParticipants were primipara women aged 35 years and above and primiparas aged 20–29 years; all delivered in the hospital. Questionnaires were distributed during hospitalization after birth and during home visits at 3 months, 1 year, and 2 years post‐partum. Mother–child interactions during home visits were assessed using the Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale (NCATS).ResultsThe older group included 13 primiparas, and the control group included seven primiparas at the study's end. Some older primiparas used fertility treatment and cesarean section, but primiparas in their 20s used neither. There were no significant differences in terms of depression, psychological health, size of networks, and number of daytime or night‐time feedings. Statistically significant differences were as follows. Older primiparas experienced more social isolation and overall stress, and their children exhibited greater hypersensitivity/lack of adaptability at 3 months. Older mothers were more likely to report little effort by their children to please them at 1 and 2 years after birth. Under observation, older primiparas received higher NCATS caregiver scores, but children of primiparas in their 20s received higher child scores.ConclusionMothers and child‐care specialists should recognize that older primiparas interact more favorably with their children, but have more parenting stress.
INTERTEMPORAL SUBSTITUTION IN CONSUMPTION: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Thimme Julian 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis paper reviews the status quo of the empirical literature about the elasticity of intertemporal substitution (EIS) in consumption. Aiming to answer the question what the true magnitude of the parameter really is, it discusses several recent advances of the theory and highlights challenges for the estimation. Although the general discussion still seems to be prevailed by Hall's early EIS estimates close to zero, we show that several deviations from the time‐additive constant relative risk aversion model speak in favor of considerably higher values. Our treatment is supposed to provide researchers a hint at which parameter is a reasonable and incontrovertible choice for the calibration of models in macroeconomics and finance.
When Passion Fades: Disentangling the Temporal Dynamics of Entrepreneurial Passion for Founding
Authors: Collewaert Veroniek , Anseel Frederik , Crommelinck Michiel , De Beuckelaer Alain , Vermeire Jacob 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis study examines how and why entrepreneurial passion for founding changes over time. In particular, we propose that in the founding phase of a venture's lifecycle entrepreneurs’ founding identity centrality will remain stable over time. We also propose, however, that in our sample and time period studied, entrepreneurs’ intense positive feelings for founding will decrease over time. On the basis of theories of positive illusion, self‐regulation and role theory, we further hypothesize that venture idea change, change in role ambiguity and entrepreneurs’ feedback‐seeking behaviour are factors that help explain the rate of change in entrepreneurs’ intense positive feelings for founding. Using a three‐wave longitudinal research design, we find that among a sample of 112 entrepreneurs’ identity centrality does not change over time, whereas intense positive feelings for founding decrease over time. Moreover, the more entrepreneurs change their venture ideas, the weaker their decrease in intense positive feelings. Further, we show that entrepreneurs who frequently seek feedback suffer less from reduced positive feelings in response to higher increases in role ambiguity as compared to entrepreneurs who seek less feedback.
CEO Succession Origin and Firm Performance: A Multilevel Study
Authors: Georgakakis Dimitrios , Ruigrok Winfried 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThere has been much controversy concerning the relationship between outside CEO succession origin and firm performance. Some scholars take the organizational‐adaptation view to highlight the benefits of outside succession; yet others adopt the organizational‐disruption view to pose the selection of an outsider CEO as a disruptive and disadvantageous event for organizations. In this study, we develop an integrated multilevel framework that reconciles these opposing perspectives and examines the conditions under which the benefits of outside CEO succession outweigh the costs. Data from 109 CEO succession events in large international firms show that the performance advantages of outside succession materialize when the new CEO: (a) socio‐demographically resembles incumbent executives, (b) possesses a variety of experience, and (c) is hired by a well‐performing firm operating in a munificent industry. Overall, our research demonstrates that the performance implications of new CEO origin should not be considered in isolation, but in interaction with multilevel characteristics.
Rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder symptomatic of a brain stem cavernoma
Authors: Felix Sandra , Thobois Stephane , Peter‐Derex Laure 
Published: January 2016

SummaryA 75‐year‐old man complained of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), difficulty falling asleep and nocturnal agitation during sleep. Restless legs syndrome (RLS) was diagnosed and treated. Because of persistent EDS, snoring and nycturia, a nocturnal polysomnography (PSG) was performed. PSG showed high sleep fragmentation related to a moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Continuous positive airway pressure treatment (CPAP) was proposed. Because of the persistence of abnormal nocturnal behaviours, characterized by screaming, punching and falling out of bed, a video‐PSG with CPAP treatment was performed. The recording showed typical chin electromyography (EMG) activity increase associated with violent movements during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, suggesting REM sleep behaviour disorders (RBD). Clinical neurological examination found no parkinsonian syndrome, no dysautonomic sign and no neurological focal sign. Dopamine transporter imaging [123I‐FP‐CIT single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)] did not find any presynaptic dopaminergic pathways degeneration. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a vascular lesion suggestive of cavernoma located in the pons. The present case illustrates the complexity of sleep disturbance diagnosis with a possible entanglement of aetiologies responsible for nocturnal agitation, and confirms that an isolated pons cavernoma should be considered among the rare causes of RBD.
The evolution of expenditure on testes
Authors: Parker G. A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractEvolutionary theory for expenditure on gonads attracted little attention until studies in the past 3–4 decades of allocation to male and female function in hermaphrodites, and of relative testes size (RTS) in animals with separate sexes. RTS appears to have varied enormously over evolutionary time, from extremely high (over 40%) in some broadcast spawners to less than 1% in some taxa with copulation and internal fertilization. Reasons for this wide evolutionary diversity in testes expenditure deserve attention. Sperm demand (the product of expenditure per ejaculate and mating rate) increases expenditure on testes, and is moulded by a number of selective forces: sperm competition, mating rate and sperm limitation are identified as the three typically most powerful. Trade‐offs between somatic and testes expenditures can be complex, particularly those between pre‐ and post‐copulatory expenditure. Theoretical models predict that RTS should correlate positively with sperm demand, and there is much evidence from many taxa that RTS increases with sperm competition level. The relation between RTS and expenditure on each ejaculate is predicted to be positive over low sperm competition (risk) levels, and negative over high (intensity) sperm competition levels. Sexual cascade logic suggests that gonad expenditure should be high and equal for the two sexes soon after the early evolution of anisogamy, but should diverge widely through evolutionary time, with RTS reducing notably in those taxa that have evolved advanced mobility and internal fertilization.
Non‐Uniform B‐Spline Surface Fitting from Unordered 3D Point Clouds for As‐Built Modeling
Authors: Dimitrov Andrey , Gu Rongqi , Golparvar‐Fard Mani 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe three‐dimensional mapping of the built environment is of particular importance for engineering applications such as monitoring work‐in‐progress and energy performance simulation. The state‐of‐the‐art methods for fitting primitives, non‐uniform B‐Spline surface (NURBS) and solid geometry to point clouds still fail to account for all the topological variations or struggle with mapping of physical space to parameter space given unordered, incomplete, and noisy point clouds. Assuming an input of points that can be described by a single non‐self‐intersecting NURBS, this article presents a new method that leverages segmented point clouds and outputs NURBS surfaces. It starts by successively fitting uniform B‐Spline curves in two‐dimensional as planar cross‐sectional cuts on each surface. An intermediate B‐Spline surface is then computed by globally optimizing and lofting over the cross‐sections. This surface is used to parameterize the points and perform final refinement to a NURBS. For cylindrical segments such as pipes, a new supervised method is also introduced to string the fitted segments, identify connection types, standardize the connections, and then refine them using NURBS optimization. Experimental results show the applicability of the proposed methods for as‐built modeling purposes.
Single‐cell characterization of metabolic switching in the sugar phosphotransferase system ofEscherichia coli
Authors: Westermayer Sonja A. , Fritz Georg , Gutiérrez Joaquín , Megerle Judith A. , Weißl Mira P. S. , Schnetz Karin , Gerland Ulrich , Rädler Joachim O. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThe utilization of several sugars inEscherichia coliis regulated by the Phosphotransferase System (PTS), in which diverse sugar utilization modules compete for phosphoryl flux from the general PTS proteins. Existing theoretical work predicts a winner‐take‐all outcome when this flux limits carbon uptake. To date, no experimental work has interrogated competing PTS uptake modules with single‐cell resolution. Using time‐lapse microscopy in perfused microchannels, we analyzed the competition betweenN‐acetyl‐glucosamine and sorbitol, as representative PTS sugars, by measuring both the expression of their utilization systems and the concomitant impact of sugar utilization on growth rates. We find two distinct regimes: hierarchical usage of the carbohydrates, and co‐expression of the genes for both systems. Simulations of a mathematical model incorporating asymmetric sugar quality reproduce our metabolic phase diagram, indicating that under conditions of nonlimiting phosphate flux, co‐expression is due to uncoupling of both sugar utilization systems. Our model reproduces hierarchical winner‐take‐all behaviour and stochastic co‐expression, and predicts the switching between both strategies as a function of available phosphate flux. Hence, experiments and theory both suggest that PTS sugar utilization involves not only switching between the sugars utilized but also switching of utilization strategies to accommodate prevailing environmental conditions.
The rice DUF1620‐containing and WD40‐like repeat protein is required for the assembly of the restoration of fertility complex
Authors: Qin Xiaojian , Huang Qi , Xiao Haijun , Zhang Qiannan , Ni Chenzi , Xu Yanghong , Liu Gai , Yang Daichang , Zhu Yingguo , Hu Jun 
Published: January 2016

Summary

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and restoration of fertility (Rf) are widely distributed in plant species utilized by humans. RF5 and GRP162 are subunits of the restoration of fertility complex (RFC) in Hong‐Lian rice. Despite the fact that the RFC is 400–500 kDa in size, the other proteins or factors in the complex still remain unknown. Here, we identified RFC subunit 3, which encodes a DUF1620‐containing and WD40‐like repeat protein (RFC3) that is present in all tissues but highly expressed in leaves.

We established that RFC3 interacts with both RF5 and GRP162 in vitro and in vivo, and is transported into the mitochondria as a membrane protein. Furthermore, CMS RNA (atp6‐orfH79) and CMS cytotoxic protein (ORFH79) accumulate when RFC3 is silenced in restorer lines.

We presented the analysis with blue‐native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, indicating that RFC is disrupted in the RNAi line. We concluded that RCF3 is indispensable as a scaffold protein for the assembly of the RFC complex.

We unveil a new molecular player of the RFC in the Rf pathway in rice and propose the model of RFC based on these data.
Understanding the role of psychopathology in bariatric surgery outcomes
Authors: Marek R. J. , Ben‐Porath Y. S. , Heinberg L. J. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryBariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for morbid obesity; however, a subset of patients who undergo this procedure regain weight or achieve suboptimal weight loss results. A large number of studies have examined whether psychological variables play a role in weight loss surgery outcome. Although presurgical psychopathology has been found to be associated with suboptimal results in some studies, this literature is equivocal. These inconsistent findings are reviewed and considered in the context of contemporary models of psychopathology. More specifically, the review focuses on the limitations of atheoretical, descriptive diagnostic systems and examines whether comorbidity within the mood/anxiety disorders, impulse control/substance use disorders and thought disorders can account for the inconsistent findings reported to date. Contemporary models of psychopathology are highlighted and linked to the Research Domain Criteria, which have been advanced by the National Institute of Health. Means for assessing psychological constructs congruent with these models are reviewed. Recommendations are made for standardizing approaches to investigating how psychopathology contributes to suboptimal bariatric surgery outcomes.