bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: THEORETISCHE UNTERSUCHUNG DER MEROCYANINFORM EINES SPIROPYRANS
Authors: TINLAND BERNARD , DECORET CLAUDE 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFür 4 isomere Merocyanin‐Formen z.B. (I) des Spiropyrans (II) werden die Elektronenübergänge nach der SCF‐ASMO‐CI‐Methode berechnet.
ChemInform Abstract: PHENYLJODOSOACETAT‐LOESUNGEN, ZERS. IN ESSIGSAEURE UND DER EINFLUSS VON PERCHLORSAEURE
Authors: JOHNSON W. D. , SHERWOOD J. E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Titelverbindung liefert bei der Photolyse in Essigsäure nach einem homolytischen Mechanismus Jodbenzol und Methylacetat.
ChemInform Abstract: MIKROBIELLE RED. VON CHOLSAEURE UND 3ALPHA,7BETA,12ALPHA‐TRIHYDROXY‐CHOLANSAEURE
Authors: CANONICA LUIGI , FERRARI ANNAMARIA , RINDONE BRUNO , RUSSO GIOVANNI , SCOLASTICO CARLO 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Steroidsäuren (I) und (II) werden mit einer Mischkultur von Mikroorganismen aus menschlichen Fäces zu Desoxycholsäure (III) reduziert.
ChemInform Abstract: MECHANISMUS DER PYROLYSE VON 1,2,3‐TRIAZOLEN, 1H‐AZIRINE ALS ZWISCHENSTUFEN
Authors: GILCHRIST T. L. , GYMER G. E. , REES C. W. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Pyrolyse der 1,2,3‐Triazole (I) und (III) bei 400‐500°C und 0,02 Torr liefert über die Zwischenstufe (II) die Azirine (IV) und (V), das Indol‐Derivat (VI) sowie N‐Vinyl‐phthalimid (VII) und Benzonitril (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: RK. VON DIAETHYLALKINYL‐ALAN‐REAGENZIEN MIT KONJUGIERTEN ENONEN, METHODE ZUR 1,4‐ADDITION VON ACETYLEN‐EINHEITEN AN EINFACHE ALPHA,BETA‐UNGESAETTIGTE KETONE
Authors: HOOZ JOHN , LAYTON ROBERT B. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAus Hexinyl‐ bzw. Phenyläthinyl‐diäthylalan (I) werden mit entsprechenden Ketonen (II) in Äther/Ligroin durch konjugierte Addition (1,4‐Additionsreaktion, Diskussion des Mechanismus) die Keto‐acetylenverbindungen (III) dargestellt (30‐95% Ausbeute); analog werden die Verbindungen (IV) erhalten (65 bzw. 81%).
ChemInform Abstract: NEUE RINGSYST. MIT KOHLENSTOFF, STICKSTOFF UND CHIRALEM SCHWEFEL
Authors: WILLIAMS TODD R. , CRAM DONALD J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Synthesen einiger neuer Heterocyclen mit Sulfoximid‐Gruppierung werden beschrieben: Aus den Sulfoximiden (I) bzw. (III) werden die Verbindungen (II) bzw. (IV) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: STERISCHE HINDERUNG BEI GRIGNARD‐RK. 21. MITT. NEUE ANOMALIE BEI GRIGNARD‐RK.
Authors: LAPKIN I. I. , RYBAKOVA M. N. , KORIONOV B. V. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAryl‐Mg‐bromide (I) reagieren mit Äthylformiat (II) (Molverhältnis wie 1:2) in Diäthyläther nicht zu Diarylcarbinolen, sondern zu den Diarylmethanen (III) (Ausbeute 40‐60%).
ChemInform Abstract: ALIPHATISCHE AZOXY‐VERBINDUNGEN 1. MITT. PHOTOLYTISCHE ISOMERISIERUNG VON AZOXYALKANEN
Authors: SWIGERT JAMES , TAYLOR K. GRANT 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBei der Bestrahlung der Azoxy‐Verbindung (I) in Pentan mit einer Mitteldrucklampe (Vycor‐Filter) entsteht als Hauptprodukt der Heterocyclus (II).
ChemInform Abstract: RK. VON EISENPENTACARBONYL 6. MITT. RK. MIT AZODICARBONSAEURE‐ UND 1,2‐DIAZETIDIN‐DICARBONSAEURE‐(1,2)‐DIISOPROPYLESTERN
Authors: ENGLIN M. A. , FILATOV A. S. , ALEKSEEVA N. F. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDer Diazetidindicarbonsäureester (I ) reagiert mit Fe‐pentacarbonyl (II) bei 190‐200°C zu Dimethylbutan (III), Propylen (IV), Fe, Stickstoff, Kohlenmonound ‐dioxid; aus den Fluoranalogen (V) erhält man analog neben Fe, F e‐fluorid, Stickstoff, Kohlenoxiden, dem Hexan (III) und den Olefinen (VII) das Fluorpropan (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: METHYL‐BIS‐(CHLORMETHYL)‐AMIN UND TRIS‐(CHLORMETHYL)‐AMIN
Authors: FLUCK E. , MEISER P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTrockenes Erhitzen von Hexamethylentetramin (I) und Phosphor(V)‐chlorid (II) auf 80‐100°C liefert in exothermer Reaktion und guten Ausbeuten Tris‐ (chlormethyl)‐amin (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. UND RK. VON ALKYL‐(4‐HALOGEN‐BUTYL)‐AETHERN DES METHYLENGLYKOLS
Authors: PISHNAMAZZADE B. F. , NABIEV N. N. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Alkylhalogenmethyläther (I) reagieren mit äquimolaren Mengen von Tetrahydrofuran (II) in Gegenwart von Zn‐chlorid bei 25‐70°C zu Gemischen der Alkyl‐halogenbutyl‐äther (III) (Ausbeute 32‐70%) mit den Methylenglykoll1′ dialkyläthern (IV) (bis zu 40%) und Methylenglykol‐bis‐[4‐halogen‐butyl]‐ äthern (bis zu 30%).
ChemInform Abstract: ZUR BEKAEMPFUNG VON INSEKTEN GEEIGNETE, NACHGEAHMTE INSEKTENHORMONE KOMMEN AUF DEN MARKT
Authors: ‐ ‐ 
Published: February 2016

AbstractZwei neue, von der Zoecon Co. entwickelte, zur Bekämpfung von Moskitos geeignete, nachgeahmte Insekteniuyenilygnone werden unter dem Namen "Entocon" in den Handel gebracht.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. UND KRISTALLDATEN VON SALZEN DER TRISELENOCYANAT‐ UND SELEN‐TRISELENOCYANAT‐IONEN
Authors: HAUGE SVERRE 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDrei verschiedene Methoden werden bei der Darstellung der Triselenocyanate (I) angewandt: 1. Oxidation der entsprechenden Selenocyanate (II) in wäßriger Lösung liefert (Ia) (85% Ausbeute), (Ic) (42%) bzw. (Id) (30%); 2. Umsetzung wäßriger Lösungen entsprechender Alkalicyanide (III) mit Se‐diselenocyanat (IV) und Kristallisation in der Kälte gibt (Ia) (31%), (Ib) (38%) bzw. (Ic) (40%); 3. Reaktion von KSeCN (IIa) mit Se‐dicyanid (V) liefert (Ia) in 36%iger Ausbeute.
ChemInform Abstract: AMINO‐PENTALENCARBONITRILE, EINE GRUPPE STABILER PENTALENE
Authors: HARTKE KLAUS , MATUSCH RUDOLF 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDurch Knoevenagel‐Kondensation von Malodinitril (I) und dem Hexandion (II) (Erhitzen in Benzol, Ammoniumacetat‐Katalyse) werden das Cyclopentaen‐ Derivat (III) und daneben das Hexadien (IV) erhalten, die durch kurzes Aufkochen in Äthanol mit wenigen Tropfen eines basischen Reagenzes (NaOH, Piperidin) in das Pyridin (V) übergehen.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON SHYOBUNON UND VERWANDTEN SESQUITERPENEN
Authors: KATO K. , HIRATA Y. , YAMAMURA S. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDas Dihydroxy‐acetal (Ia) wird über das Diacetat (Ib) (86% Ausbeute), Monoacetat (Ic) (88%) und Mesylat (Id) (93%) durch Reaktion von (Id) mit NaJ in das J od‐acetat (IIa) übergeführt (88%), das durch Na‐boranat‐Reduktion zum Isopropyldeiivat (IIb) (90%) und Deketalisierung von (IIb) (Erhitzen mit wäß‐ riger Essigsäure) das Acetoxy‐keton (III) liefert.
ChemInform Abstract: DIE CHLORMETHYLIERUNG VON TERT.‐BUTYL‐O‐XYLOL
Authors: LYUSHIN M. M. , LAPIN V. B. , MEKHTIEV S. D. , GUSEINOVA S. N. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Chlormethylierung von tert.‐Butyl‐o‐xylol mit Paraformaldehyd/Zinkchlorid in Essigsäure wurde systematisch optimiert.
ChemInform Abstract: DARST. VON 1,2‐DIAZETIDINDICARBONSAEURE‐(1,2)‐ESTERN AUS FLUOROLEFINEN UND AZODICARBONSAEUREESTERN
Authors: RODKIN S. A. , YAKUBOVICH A. YA. , MAKAROV S. P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie aus Hydrazin und entsprechenden Chlorameisensäureestern in Wasser bei 50‐60°C dargestellten Hydrazindicarbonsäureester (I) (Ausbeute 79‐100%) lassen sich mit konz. Salpetersäure bei 25°C zu den Azodicarbonsäureestern (II) (78‐92%) oxidieren.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. EINIGER 3‐ARYL‐PROPIOLACTONE
Authors: FOMINA T. B. , ARTEM'EVA V. N. , SAZANOV YU. N. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDurch Reaktion der Aldehyde (I) mit Keten (II) in Gegenwart von B‐trifluorid‐ ätherat in Toluol bei 25°C lassen sich die Arylpropiolactone (III) (Ausbeute bis zu 96%) darstellen.
ChemInform Abstract: RK. VON 2‐ARYLSULFONYLOXY‐TROPONEN MIT AKTIVEN METHYLENVERBINDUNGEN, BLDG. VON 8‐HYDROXY‐2H‐CYCLOHEPTA(B)FURANON‐(2)‐ UND 2‐AMINO‐8H‐CYCLOHEPTA(B)FURANON‐(8)‐DERIVATEN
Authors: NOZOE T. , TAKASE K. , KATO M. , NOGI T. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Reaktion der Tropone (I) mit den Estern (II) in Äthanol in Gegenwart von Na‐äthylat (NAT) bei 0°C führt zu den Furanonen (III) und (IV), und zwar entsteht mit (IIa) als Reaktionspartner als Hauptprodukt das Hydroxy‐Derivat (IVa) und daneben nur sehr wenig (IIIa), mit (IIb) dagegen das Cycloheptafuranon (IIIb) vorrangig vor dem Alkohol (IVb).
ChemInform Abstract: AZACYCLOALKANE 9. MITT. SYNTH. UND ANAESTESIERENDE WIRKUNG VON PYRROMECATIN UND CYCLOMECATIN
Authors: PRYANISHNIKOVA N. T. , LEBEDEVA A. S. , LIKHOSHERSTOV A. M. , GUREVICH G. I. , IZRAELIT M. A. , FEDINA I. V. , RUNOVA M. F. , SHMAR'YAN M. I. , SKOLDINOV A. P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDas aus Mesidin und dem entsprechenden Säurechlorid leicht herstellbare g Mesidid (I) läßt sich mit einem Überschuß an Butylamin oder Cyclohexylamin glatt zu den Pyrrolidinen Pyrromecain (IIIa) und Cyclomecain (IIIb) cyclisieren.
ChemInform Abstract: BLDG. VON 2‐ALKYL‐5‐PHENYL‐TETRAZOLEN AUS 1‐ALKYL‐5‐PHENYL‐TETRAZOLEN
Authors: ISIDA T. , KOZIMA S. , NABIKA K. , SISIDO K. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract1‐Methyl‐5‐phenyl‐tetrazol (I) liefert beim Erhitzen mit Methyljodid das 2‐ Methyl‐5‐phenyl‐tetrazol (IV); unter schonenden Bedingungen entstehen die Dimethyl‐phenyl‐Verbindungen (II) und (III), von denen (III) thermisch instabil ist und sofort in (IV) übergeht, während (II) die Monomethyl‐Verbindung (I) zurückbildet.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMIE DER ADDITION VON N‐ARYLMALEINIMIDEN AN DAS ACRIDIZINIUM‐ION
Authors: BRADSHER C. K. , HARVAN D. J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDas Acridizinium‐Ion (I) reagiert mit N‐Aryl‐maleinimiden (II) zu den anti‐ Addukten (III), die sich thermisch zu den syn‐Formen (IV) umlagern und bei der Pyrolyse z.Tl. die Naphthalin‐2,3‐dicarbonsäureimide (V) ergeben.
ChemInform Abstract: DIE SYNTH. DES BENZO‐1,4‐DIOXINO(2,3‐B)THIOXANTHONS
Authors: BACIU I. , TANASESCU I. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractÜber das Oxim von (I) kommt man durch Beckmann‐Umlagerung zum Z‐Amino‐dibenzo‐l ,4‐dioxin (II), das über die Diazoniumverbindung in das 2‐Jod‐ , bzw. 2‐Mercapto‐Derivat (III) umgewandelt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: NEUE ACETOXYLIERUNGSRK. VON 7‐METHYLCHINOXALIN‐2(1H)‐ON‐4‐N‐OXIDEN
Authors: MASON J. C. , TENNANT G. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie 7‐Methylchinoxalinon‐N‐oxide (I) und (IIIb) werden mit heißem Essigsäureanhydrid in die 7‐Acetoxymethylchinoxalone (II) bzw. die Chinoxalone (IV) (63‐85% Ausbeute) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: LACTAM‐BLDG. BEI DER KONDENSATION VON STILBENDIAMIN MIT GLYOXAL
Authors: DARKO L. L. , KARLINER J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIm Gegensatz zu früheren Untersuchungen führt die Kondensation zwischen D,L‐Stilbendiamin (Ia) und Glyoxal (II), letzteres in Form des Natriumbisulfit‐Addukts, zum trans‐5,6‐Diphenyl‐piperazin‐2‐on (IIIa), die der meso‐Verbindung (Ib) zum cis‐Isomeren (IIIb); die Dihydropyrazine (IV) konnten nicht nachgewiesen werden.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMIE, POLYMERISATION UND HYDROLYSE SECHSGLIEDRIGER CYCLISCHER METHYL‐ UND PHENYL‐PHOSPHONITE
Authors: WHITE D. W. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Konformationen der beiden cyclischen Phosphonite (I) und ihre Hydro: lyse zu (II) werden untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANISCHE PHOSPHORVERBINDUNGEN 46. MITT. ADDITION SEKUNDAERER PHOSPHINSULFIDE AN SCHIFFSCHE BASEN, EIN NEUES VERFAHREN ZUR HERST. TERT. PHOSPHINSULFIDE
Authors: MAIER L. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSekundäre Phosphinsulfide (I) addieren sich glatt an die Schiffschen Basen (II) zu den tert. Phosphinsulfiden (III).
ChemInform Abstract: KINETIK UND SUBSTITUENTENEFFEKTE BEI DER AUSTAUSCHRK. ZWISCHEN ALKOXYTRIORGANYLSTANNANEN UND SI‐H‐VERBINDUNGEN
Authors: PIJSELMAN J. , PEREYRE M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDer Einfluß der Substituenten im Phenylsilan (I) oder im Alkoxystannan (II) auf die Geschwindigkeit der Austauschreaktion wird ermittelt.
ChemInform Abstract: TANTAL(III)
Authors: BLIGHT D. G. , DEUTSCHER R. L. , KEPERT D. L. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Reaktion von Ta(IV)‐chlorid mit Acetonitril führt zu einem diamagnetischen Dimeren mit der vermutlichen Struktur (I), in dem Bipyridyl oder Phenanthrolin das Acetonitril unter Bildung der entsprechenden, wahrscheinlich ebenfalls dimeren Komplexe (II) substituieren.
ChemInform Abstract: OLIGOMERISIERUNG BEI DER ACYLIERUNG VON O‐(BENZYLOXYCARBONYLSARCOSYL‐L‐N‐METHYL‐VALYL)‐L‐THREONYL‐D‐VALYL‐L‐PROLIN (I) MIT 2‐NITRO‐3‐BENZYLOXY‐4‐METHYL‐BENZOESAEURE
Authors: MEIENHOFER J. , COTTON R. , ATHERTON E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBei der Reaktion des β‐Depsipeptids (I) mit dem Benzoylchlorid (II) erhält man Oligomere mit einem Polymerisationsgrad bis 5 aufgrund einer intermediären Anhydridbildung.
ChemInform Abstract: SPIN‐MARKIERTE AKTIVITAETSZENTREN VON ALPHA‐CHYMOTRYPSIN, ESR‐ UND CD‐UNTERSUCHUNGEN DER DENATURIERUNG MIT GUANIDINHYDROCHLORID
Authors: MORRISETT JOEL D. , BROOMFIELD CLARENCE A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie aktiven Seringruppen des α‐Chymotrypsins werden mit den Phosphonsäureesterfluoriden (I) und (II) markiert.
In situ observation of plaster microstructure evolution during thermal loading
Authors: Payraudeau ‐ Le Roux N. , Meille S. , Chevalier J. , Maire E. , Adrien J. 
Published: February 2016

SUMMARYGypsum microstructural evolution at elevated temperatures has been characterized in situ by environmental scanning electron microscopy and high‐temperature X‐ray tomography. As temperature increases, the observed changes in gypsum crystal morphology are related to the consequences of water loss that leads to crystal reorganization in order to minimize the specific surface. The influence of environmental scanning electron microscopy experimental conditions on the mechanisms observed is also discussed. High‐temperature X‐ray tomography gives quantitative information on porosity evolution with thermal loading. The results obtained are successfully correlated with macroscopic shrinkage measurements performed during dilatometry tests. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A spectral/hp least‐squares finite element analysis of the Carreau–Yasuda fluids
Authors: Kim Namhee , Reddy J. N. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryA least‐squares finite element model with spectral/hp approximations was developed for steady, two‐dimensional flows of non‐Newtonian fluids obeying the Carreau–Yasuda constitutive model. The finite element model consists of velocity, pressure, and stress fields as independent variables (hence, called a mixed model). Least‐squares models offer an alternative variational setting to the conventional weak‐form Galerkin models for the Navier–Stokes equations, and no compatibility conditions on the approximation spaces used for the velocity, pressure, and stress fields are necessary when the polynomial order (p) used is sufficiently high (say, p > 3, as determined numerically). Also, the use of the spectral/hp elements in conjunction with the least‐squares formulation with high p alleviates various forms of locking, which often appear in low‐order least‐squares finite element models for incompressible viscous fluids, and accurate results can be obtained with exponential convergence. To verify and validate, benchmark problems of Kovasznay flow, backward‐facing step flow, and lid‐driven square cavity flow are used. Then the effect of different parameters of the Carreau–Yasuda constitutive model on the flow characteristics is studied parametrically. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preservation and promotion of bone formation in the mandible as a response to a novel calcium‐phosphate based biomaterial in mineral deficiency induced low bone mass male versus female rats
Authors: Srinivasan Kritika , Naula Diana P. , Mijares Dindo Q. , Janal Malvin N. , LeGeros Racquel Z. , Zhang Yu 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCalcium and other trace mineral supplements have previously demonstrated to safely improve bone quality. We hypothesize that our novel calcium‐phosphate based biomaterial (SBM) preserves and promotes mandibular bone formation in male and female rats on mineral deficient diet (MD). Sixty Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned to receive one of three diets (n = 10): basic diet (BD), MD or mineral deficient diet with 2% SBM. Rats were sacrificed after 6 months. Micro‐computed tomography (µCT) was used to evaluate bone volume and 3D‐microarchitecture while microradiography (Faxitron) was used to measure bone mineral density from different sections of the mandible. Results showed that bone quality varied with region, gender and diet. MD reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and volume and increased porosity. SBM preserved BMD and bone mineral content (BMC) in the alveolar bone and condyle in both genders. In the alveolar crest and mandibular body, while preserving more bone in males, SBM also significantly supplemented female bone. Results indicate that mineral deficiency leads to low bone mass in skeletally immature rats, comparatively more in males. Furthermore, SBM administered as a dietary supplement was effective in preventing mandibular bone loss in all subjects. This study suggests that the SBM preparation has potential use in minimizing low peak bone mass induced by mineral deficiency and related bone loss irrespective of gender. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 1622–1632, 2016.
Modulatory effects of condensed tannin fractions of different molecular weights from a Leucaena leucocephala hybrid on the bovine rumen bacterial community in vitro
Authors: Saminathan Mookiah , Sieo Chin Chin , Gan Han Ming , Ravi Sharanya , Venkatachalam Karthikkumar , Abdullah Norhani , Wong Clemente Michael Vui Ling , Ho Yin Wan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDCondensed tannin (CT) fractions of different molecular weights (MWs) may affect rumen microbial metabolism by altering bacterial diversity. In this study the effects of unfractionated CTs (F0) and five CT fractions (F1–F5) of different MWs (F1, 1265.8 Da; F2, 1028.6 Da; F3, 652.2 Da; F4, 562.2 Da; F5, 469.6 Da) from Leucaena leucocephala hybrid‐Rendang (LLR) on the structure and diversity of the rumen bacterial community were investigated in vitro.RESULTSReal‐time polymerase chain reaction assay showed that the total bacterial population was not significantly (P > 0.05) different among the dietary treatments. Inclusion of higher‐MW CT fractions F1 and F2 significantly (P < 0.05) increased the Fibrobacter succinogenes population compared with F0 and CT fractions F3–F5. Although inclusion of F0 and CT fractions (F1–F5) significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the Ruminococcus flavefaciens population, there was no effect on the Ruminococcus albus population when compared with the control (without CTs). High‐throughput sequencing of the V3 region of 16S rRNA showed that the relative abundance of genera Prevotella and unclassified Clostridiales was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased, corresponding with increasing MW of CT fractions, whereas cellulolytic bacteria of the genus Fibrobacter were significantly (P < 0.05) increased. Inclusion of higher‐MW CT fractions F1 and/or F2 decreased the relative abundance of minor genera such as Ruminococcus, Streptococcus, Clostridium XIVa and Anaeroplasma but increased the relative abundance of Acinetobacter, Treponema, Selenomonas, Succiniclasticum and unclassified Spirochaetales compared with the control and lower‐MW CT fractions.CONCLUSIONThis study indicates that CT fractions of different MWs may play an important role in altering the structure and diversity of the rumen bacterial community in vitro, and the impact was more pronounced for CT fractions with higher MW. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
The extended structure of the periplasmic region of CdsD, a structural protein of the type III secretion system of Chlamydia trachomatis
Authors: Meriläinen Gitte , Koski M. Kristian , Wierenga Rik K. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe type III secretion system (T3SS) is required for the virulence of many gram‐negative bacterial human pathogens. It is composed of several structural proteins, forming the secretion needle and its basis, the basal body. In Chlamydia spp., the T3SS inner membrane ring (IM‐ring) of the basal body is formed by the periplasmic part of CdsD (outer ring) and CdsJ (inner ring). Here we describe the crystal structure of the C‐terminal, periplasmic part of CdsD, not including the last 60 residues. Two crystal forms were obtained, grown in three different crystallization conditions. In both crystal forms there is one molecule per asymmetric unit adopting a similar extended structure. The structures consist of three periplasmic domains (PDs) of similar αββαβ topology as seen also in the structures of the homologous PrgH (Salmonella typhimurium) and YscD (Yersinia enterocolitica). Only in the C2 crystal form, there is a C‐terminal additional helix after the PD3 domain. The relative orientation of the three subsequent CdsD PD domains with respect to each other is more extended than in PrgH but less extended than in YscD. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering data show that also in solution this CdsD construct adopts the same elongated shape. In both crystal forms the CdsD molecules are packed in a parallel fashion, using translational crystallographic symmetry. The most extensive crystal contacts are preserved in both crystal forms, suggesting a possible mode of assembly of the CdsD periplasmic part into a 24‐mer complex forming the outer ring of the IM‐ring of the T3SS.
Reproduction of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) B biotype in maize fields (Zea mays L.) in Brazil
Authors: Quintela Eliane D , Abreu Aluana G , Lima Julyana F dos S , Mascarin Gabriel M , Santos Jardel B dos , Brown Judith K 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDBemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) was observed to have completed its reproductive cycle from the egg to the adult on maize (Zea mays L.). Field and screenhouse studies were carried out to investigate the durability of this putative and unprecedented adaptation to a grass host.RESULTSAnalysis of the mitochondrial COI gene sequence identified the maize‐associated B. tabaci as the exotic B biotype (major clade North Africa–Mediterranean–Middle East). Results showed that whiteflies migrated from soybean crops and successfully established in maize plants. Females exhibited a preference for oviposition primarily on the first and second leaves of maize, but were also able to colonise developing leaves. A high, natural infestation on maize (193.3 individuals, all developmental stages) was observed within a 7.1 cm2 designated ‘observation area’. Whiteflies collected from naturally infested maize leaves and allowed to oviposit on maize seedlings grown in a screenhouse developed from egg to adulthood in 28.6 ± 0.2 days.CONCLUSIONThis is the first report of the B biotype completing its development on maize plants. This surprising anomaly indicates that the B biotype is capable of adapting to monocotyledonous host plants, and importantly, broadens the host range to include at least one species in the Poaceae. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
An efficient multi‐gateway‐based three‐factor user authentication and key agreement scheme in hierarchical wireless sensor networks
Authors: Das Ashok Kumar , Sutrala Anil Kumar , Kumari Saru , Odelu Vanga , Wazid Mohammad , Li Xiong 
Published: February 2016

AbstractUser authentication in wireless sensor network (WSN) plays a very important role in which a legal registered user is allowed to access the real‐time sensing information from the sensor nodes inside WSN. To allow such access, a user needs to be authenticated by the accessed sensor nodes as well as gateway nodes inside WSNs. Because of resource limitations and vulnerability to physical capture of some sensor nodes by an attacker, design of a secure user authentication in WSN continues to be an important and challenging research area in recent years. In this paper, we propose a new three‐factor user authentication scheme based on the multi‐gateway WSN architecture. Through the widely‐accepted Burrows–Abadi–Needham logic, we prove that our scheme provides the secure mutual authentication. We then present the formal security verification of our proposed scheme using AVISPA tool, which is a powerful validation tool for network security applications, and show that our scheme is secure. In addition, the rigorous informal security analysis shows that our scheme is also secure against possible other known attacks including the sensor node capture attack. Furthermore, we present the additional functionality features that our scheme offers, which are efficient in communication and computation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.