bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Massenanfall von Verletzten auf hoher See
Authors: Weigeld M. , Smolarz N. , Beth P. , Guembel D. , Ekkernkamp A. , Schulz-Drost S. 
Published: January 2017

ZusammenfassungFür die Erfassung von Schiffsunglücken (SU) mit einem Massenanfall von Verletzten (MANV) auf hoher See erfolgte eine systematische Recherche der öffentlich zugänglichen Quellen. Eine einheitliche und systematische Erfassung durch die Stellen der maritimen Gefahrenabwehr existiert bisher nicht.Von 37 Schadenslagen in der Nord- und Ostsee ab 1990 konnten 22 auf die ausschließliche Wirtschaftszone Deutschlands begrenzt werden. Nach Elimination der küstennahen Ereignisse wurden 10 SU identifiziert. Hiervon konnten 7 in die Kategorie MANV eingeordnet werden. Der MANV wurde definiert als Großschadensereignis mit 5 oder mehr beteiligten Personen.Die komplexen Schadenslagen stellen auf hoher See, neben den schon auf Land bestehenden Schwierigkeiten, eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Als Folgen der SU zeigen sich neben Verletzungen und Verbrennungen insbesondere die Rauchgasintoxikationen aufgrund der knappen Ressourcen an medizinischem Sauerstoff als relevant. Zudem besteht aufgrund der Witterung und dem Kontakt mit Wasser bei langen Rettungszeiten die Gefahr der Unterkühlung.Mit dem Havariekommando sind bereits Strukturen zur Bewältigung etabliert worden, welche mit den vorhandenen Organisationen (DGzRS/Bundeswehr/Notschleppkonzept) eng zusammenarbeiten. Eine Einbindung der neu geschaffenen Strukturen für die medizinische Versorgung der Offshore-Windparks erscheint sinnvoll und vielversprechend.
Effects of Passive Integrated Transponder Tags on Survival, Growth, and Swimming Performance of Age‐0 Shovelnose Sturgeon
Authors: Schumann David A. , Deslauriers David , Wagner Matthew D. , Bertrand Katie N. , Graeb Brian D. S. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractInnovative tools that benefit conservation biology are critical because freshwater fishes are being lost at unprecedented rates. Although mark–recapture is important to characterize population ecology and describe life history traits of declining species, techniques for tagging small‐bodied individuals are limited. Recent advances in passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag technology may transform our understanding of fish ecology by providing opportunities to tag small‐bodied fishes and early life stages of larger species. Despite the potential value of new PIT tags (8.4 × 1.4 mm), 30% smaller than those previously available, limited research has evaluated their suitability when implanted into small fishes. We evaluated the effectiveness of these tags when surgically implanted into two size‐classes (small: 40–70 mm FL; and large: 80–120 mm FL) of age‐0 Shovelnose SturgeonScaphirhynchus platorynchus. This species is closely related to the endangered Pallid SturgeonS. albusand is often used as a surrogate in research. We compared by size‐class, tag loss (retention and mortality), growth rates, and swimming performance (Ucrit) of Shovelnose Sturgeon implanted with PIT tags versus control and sham treatment groups. We found that application opportunities for advanced PIT tag technology for larger age‐0 sturgeon (>80 mm) are abundant due to little tag loss, uncompromised growth rates, and unchanged swimming performance. However, managers tagging smaller sturgeon earlier in the growing season should expect high mortality rates, impacts to growth, and worsened swimming performance. These findings provide critical information concerning the suitability of surgically implanted PIT tags in age‐0 sturgeon to study young sturgeon ecology that was previously unavailable.Received June 23, 2016; accepted October 25, 2016 Published online January 20, 2017
Deletion and Copy Number Variation of Y‐Chromosomal Regions in Coho Salmon, Chum Salmon, and Pink Salmon Populations
Authors: Muttray A. F. , Sakhrani D. , Smith J. L. , Nakayama I. , Davidson W. S. , Park L. , Devlin R. H. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe linkage between the Y‐chromosomal DNA marker GH‐Y (growth hormone pseudogene) and the Y‐associated sex‐determining locus was examined in 31 populations of Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch, 29 populations of Chum Salmon O. keta, and 14 populations of Pink Salmon O. gorbuscha from North America (British Columbia [BC] and Yukon, Canada; Oregon and Washington, USA) and Japan to examine the stability of Y‐chromosome sequences in salmonids. This marker is used for genetic sexing of multiple salmon species both for population studies and for aquaculture strain development. We found a strong association between GH‐Y and sex in Coho Salmon (with rare exceptions seen in Washington and Oregon only), whereas the association of GH‐Y and sex was weak in Chum Salmon and Pink Salmon. Up to 100% of males lacking GH‐Y were found in some BC Chum Salmon populations, whereas there were no exceptional (GH‐Y‐negative) males in Japan, the Yukon, or Washington, indicating strong geographic clustering of GH‐Y marker deletion. For Pink Salmon, there was an average of 29% male exceptions in BC populations. For both Pink Salmon and Chum Salmon, many more GH‐Y‐negative males than GH‐Y‐positive females were observed. To investigate whether sex reversal, recombination, or differential mutation and selection mechanisms occur in Pink Salmon, we conducted reciprocal single‐pair crosses using regular males, regular females, and exceptional individuals (GH‐Y‐negative males and GH‐Y‐positive females). The results showed that the GH‐Y locus from GH‐Y‐positive males and females was stably inherited by the F1 progeny independently of the sex‐determining locus and that this chromosomal region was not necessary for male differentiation. The present data suggest that the genomic organization of the salmonid Y‐chromosome is highly dynamic and subject to multiple forms of sequence copy number variation at multiple loci. Whether this variation has fitness implications or is selectively neutral in populations remains to be examined.Received July 13, 2016; accepted October 19, 2016 Published online January 20, 2017
A data citation roadmap for scientific publishers
Authors: Cousijn Helena , Kenall Amye , Ganley Emma , Harrison Melissa , Kernohan David , Lemberger Thomas , Murphy Fiona , Polischuk Patrick , Taylor Simone , Martone Maryann , Clark Tim 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis article presents a practical roadmap for scholarly publishers to implement data citation in accordance with the Joint Declaration of Data Citation Principles (JDDCP), a synopsis and harmonization of the recommendations of major science policy bodies. It was developed by the Publishers Early Adopters Expert Group as part of the Data Citation Implementation Pilot (DCIP) project, an initiative of FORCE11.org and the NIH BioCADDIE program. The structure of the roadmap presented here follows the “life of a paper” workflow and includes the categories Pre-submission, Submission, Production, and Publication. The roadmap is intended to be publisher-agnostic so that all publishers can use this as a starting point when implementing JDDCP-compliant data citation. Authors reading this roadmap will also better know what to expect from publishers and how to enable their own data citations to gain maximum impact, as well as complying with what will become increasingly common funder mandates on data transparency.
Real-time spike sorting platform for high-density extracellular probes with ground-truth validation and drift correction
Authors: Jun James J. , Mitelut Catalin , Lai Chongxi , Gratiy Sergey L. , Anastassiou Costas A. , Harris Timothy D. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractElectrical recordings from a large array of electrodes give us access to neural population activity with single-cell, single-spike resolution. These recordings contain extracellular spikes which must be correctly detected and assigned to individual neurons. Despite numerous spike-sorting techniques developed in the past, a lack of high-quality ground-truth datasets hinders the validation of spike-sorting approaches. Furthermore, existing approaches requiring manual corrections are not scalable for hours of recordings exceeding 100 channels. To address these issues, we built a comprehensive spike-sorting pipeline that performs reliably under noise and probe drift by incorporating covariance-based features and unsupervised clustering based on fast density-peak finding. We validated performance of our workflow using multiple ground-truth datasets that recently became available. Our software scales linearly and processes up to 1000-channel recording in real-time using a single workstation. Accurate, real-time spike sorting from large recording arrays will enable more precise control of closed-loop feedback experiments and brain-computer interfaces.
Ensemble coding of crowd emotion: Differential hemispheric and visual stream contributions
Authors: Im Hee Yeon , Albohn Daniel N. , Steiner Troy G. , Cushing Cody A. , Adams Reginald B. , Kveraga Kestutis 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe visual system takes advantage of redundancies in the scene by extracting summary statistics from a set of items. Similarly, in many social situations where scrutinizing each individual’s expression is inefficient, human observers make snap judgments of crowds of people by reading “crowd emotion” to avoid danger (e.g., mass panic or violent mobs) or to seek help. However, how the brain accomplishes this feat remains unaddressed. Here we report a set of behavioral and fMRI studies in which participants made avoidance or approach decisions by choosing between two facial crowds presented in the left and right visual fields (LVF/RVF). Participants were most accurate for crowds containing task-relevant cues: avoiding angry crowds and approaching happy crowds. This effect was amplified by sex-linked facial cues (angry male/happy female crowds) and highly lateralized, with better recognition of the task-congruent facial crowd when presented in LVF. fMRI results showed that the dorsal visual stream was preferentially activated in crowd emotion processing, with intraparietal sulcus and superior frontal gyrus predicting behavioral crowd emotion efficiency, whereas the ventral visual stream showed greater involvement in individual face emotion processing, with fusiform cortex activity predicting the accuracy of decisions about individual face emotion. Our results shed new light on the distinction between global vs. local processing of face stimuli, revealing differential involvement of the left and right hemispheres and the dorsal and ventral pathways in reading crowd vs. individual emotion.
The shape of the contact-density function matters when modelling parasite transmission in fluctuating populations
Authors: Borremans Benny , Reijniers Jonas , Hens Niel , Leirs Herwig 
Published: January 2017

AbstractModels of disease transmission in a population with changing densities must assume a relation between infectious contacts and density. Typically, a choice is made between a constant (frequency-dependence) and a linear (density-dependence) contact-density function, but it is becoming increasingly clear that intermediate, nonlinear functions intermediate are more realistic. It is currently not clear however what the exact consequences would be of different contact-density functions in fluctuating populations. By combining field data on rodent host (Mastomys natalensis) demography, experimentally-derived contact-density data, and laboratory and field data Morogoro virus infection dynamics, we explored the effects of different contact-density function shapes on transmission dynamics and invasion/persistence. While invasion and persistence were clearly affected by the shape of the function, the effects on outbreak characteristics such as infection prevalence and seroprevalence were less obvious. This means that it may be difficult to distinguish between the different shapes based on how well models fit to real data. The shape of the transmission-density function should therefore be chosen with care, and is ideally based on existing information such as a previously quantified contact- or transmission-density relationship or the underlying biology of the host species in relation to the infectious agent.
Modeling Hormonal Control of Cambium Proliferation
Authors: Oles Vladyslav , Panchenko Alexander , Smertenko Andrei 
Published: January 2017

AbstractRise of atmospheric CO2is one of the main causes of global warming. Catastrophic climate change can be avoided by reducing emissions and increasing sequestration of CO2. Trees are known to sequester CO2during photosynthesis, and then store it as wood biomass. Thus, breeding of trees with higher wood yield would mitigate global warming as well as augment production of renewable construction materials, energy, and industrial feedstock. Wood is made of cellulose-rich xylem cells produced through proliferation of a specialized stem cell niche called cambium. Importance of cambium in xylem cells production makes it an ideal target for the tree breeding programs; however our knowledge about control of cambium proliferation remains limited. The morphology and regulation of cambium differs from stem cell niches that control axial growth. For this reason, translating the knowledge about axial growth to radial growth has limited use. Furthermore, genetic approaches cannot be easily applied because overlaying tissues conceal cambium from direct observation and complicate identification of mutants. To overcome the paucity of experimental tools in cambium biology, we constructed a Boolean network CARENET (CAmbium Regulation gene NETwork) for modelling cambium activity, which includes the key transcription factors WOX4 and HD-ZIP III as well as their potential regulators. Our simulations revealed that: (1) auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, and brassinosteroids act cooperatively in promoting transcription ofWOX4andHD-ZIP III; (2) auxin and cytokinin pathways negatively regulate each other; (3) hormonal pathways act redundantly in sustaining cambium activity; (4) individual cells in the stem cell niches can have diverse molecular identities. CARENET can be extended to include components of other signalling pathways and be integrated with models of xylem and phloem differentiation. Such extended models would facilitate breeding trees with higher wood yield.
Long-term genomic coevolution of host-parasite interaction in the natural environment
Authors: Laanto Elina , Hoikkala Ville , Ravantti Janne , Sundberg Lotta-Riina 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe antagonistic coevolution of parasite infectivity and host resistance alters the biological functionality of species, with effects spanning to communities and ecosystems. Still, studies describing long-term host-parasite coevolutionary dynamics in nature are largely missing. Furthermore, the role of host resistance mechanisms for parasite evolution is poorly understood, necessitating for the molecular and phenotypic characterization of both coevolving parasites and their hosts. We combined long-term field sampling (2007-2014),in vitrocross-infections and time-shift experiments with bacteriophage whole genome sequencing and bacterial (Flavobacterium columnare) CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) profiling to show the molecular details of the phage-bacterium arms race in the environment. Bacteria were generally resistant to phages from the past and susceptible to phages in the future. The bacterial resistance selected for increased phage infectivity and host range, correlating directly with the expansion of phage genome size by 2656 bp. In the bacterial host, two CRISPR loci were identified: a type II-C locus and an RNA-targeting type VI-B locus. While maintaining a core set of conserved spacers, phage-matching spacers appeared in the variable end of both CRISPR loci over time. The appearance of these CRISPR spacers in the bacterial host often corresponded with arms race -manner molecular changes in the protospacers of the coevolving phage population. However, the phenotypic data indicated that the relative role of constitutive defence may be more important in high phage pressure, highlighting the importance of our findings for understanding microbial community ecology and in the development of phage therapy applications.
Myosin II activity is required for structural plasticity at the axon initial segment
Authors: Evans Mark D , Tufo Candida , Dumitrescu Adna S , Grubb Matthew S 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn neurons, axons possess a molecularly defined and highly organised proximal region – the axon initial segment (AIS) – that is a key regulator of both electrical excitability and cellular polarity. Despite existing as a large, dense structure with specialised cytoskeletal architecture, the AIS is surprisingly plastic, with sustained alterations in neuronal activity bringing about significant alterations to its position, length or molecular composition. However, although the upstream activity-dependent signalling pathways that lead to such plasticity have begun to be elucidated, the downstream mechanisms that produce structural changes at the AIS are completely unknown. Here, we use dissociated cultures of rat hippocampus to show that two forms of AIS plasticity in dentate granule cells – long-term relocation, and more rapid shortening – are completely blocked by treatment with blebbistatin, a potent and selective myosin II ATPase inhibitor. These data establish a link between myosin II and AIS function, and suggest that myosin II’s primary role at the structure may be to effect activity-dependent morphological alterations.
TheDrosophilaDosage Compensation Complex activates target genes by chromosome looping within the active compartment
Authors: Schauer Tamás , Ghavi-Helm Yad , Sexton Tom , Albig Christian , Regnard Catherine , Cavalli Giacomo , Furlong Eileen E M , Becker Peter B 
Published: January 2017

AbstractX chromosome dosage compensation inDrosophilarequires chromosome-wide coordination of gene activation. The male-specific-lethal dosage compensation complex (DCC) identifies X chromosomal High Affinity Sites (HAS) from which it boosts transcription. A sub-class of HAS, PionX sites, represent first contacts on the X. Here, we explored the chromosomal interactions of representative PionX sites by high-resolution 4C and determined the global chromosome conformation by Hi-C in sex-sorted embryos. Male and female X chromosomes display similar nuclear architecture, concordant with clustered, constitutively active genes. PionX sites, like HAS, are evenly distributed in the active compartment and engage in short- and long-range interactions beyond compartment boundaries. Byde novoinduction of DCC in female cells, we monitored the extent of activation surrounding PionX sites. This revealed a remarkable range of DCC action not only in linear proximity, but also at megabase distance if close in space, suggesting that DCC profits from pre-existing chromosome folding to activate genes.
How do Party organizations’ boundary-spanning behaviors control worker unrest? A case study on a Chinese resource-based state-owned enterprise
Authors: Lu Jingfu , Li Min 
Published: January 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand the boundary-spanning behaviors of Party organizations, and the processes and constraints of these behaviors in controlling worker unrest in Chinese resource-based state-owned enterprises in the “new work-unit system” using boundary-spanning theory.Design/methodology/approachThis case study was carried out in a resource-based state-owned enterprise in the “new work-unit system” in China. The research utilized interviews and archival documents, and then coded and analyzed the data using NVivo.FindingsIn China, Party organizations’ boundary-spanning behaviors (PBSBs) in labor relations management are identified, and classified into the behaviors of the ambassador, task coordinator, and scout. Worker unrest can be controlled by these behaviors through the mediation effect of the behaviors of agents in the “new work-unit system” but can also be provoked in the transformation of the “new work-unit system.”Originality/valueThe Communist Party plays a key role in labor relations management in China’s SOEs; however, this role has not been explored in any depth. This study builds a model to reveal the “black box” in which the PBSBs influence the agents’ behaviors and how the agents’ behaviors then influence the workers, and in this way control worker unrest.
Corporate social responsibility: reviewed, rated, revised
Authors: Farrington Thomas , Curran Ross , Gori Keith , O’Gorman Kevin D. , Queenan C. Jane 
Published: January 2017

PurposeThis paper is a critical literature review of corporate social responsibility (CSR) research in both general management and hospitality management literature. This paper aims to discuss trends, commonalities and inconsistencies to better understand the state of contemporary scholarship, and it calls for a context-specific conceptual engagement with the phenomenon.Design/methodology/approachSystematic literature review, noting and critiquing a general tendency towards measurement of financial and other internal benefit impacts.FindingsHospitality management is well-positioned to evaluate the opportunities and challenges of CSR; yet, research has uncritically adopted the instrumental emphasis on assessing processes, perceptions and private profitability from the general management literature, without engaging on a contextually specific and/or theoretical level.Research limitations/implicationsCSR research is abundant and therefore difficult to summarise in one paper. The primarily Anglo-American and Asian contextual bias is reflected in this review.Practical implicationsConsistently inconsistent results challenge the portability of financial impact studies. Studies are needed to re-evaluate the concept of CSR, as it pertains to hospitality and measure the effectiveness of CSR activities relative to context and resource availability.Social implicationsFurther research into the scope of CSR in hospitality management, with an emphasis on recuperating social value, would lead to widespread positive social implications.Originality/valueThis critical review offers a new perspective on CSR in the hospitality literature and industry, calling for a reconsideration of the concept in context, and formulates a working definition.
Transformational leadership and employee voices in the hospitality industry
Authors: Liang Tsang-Lang , Chang Hsueh-Feng , Ko Ming-Hsiang , Lin Chih-Wei 
Published: January 2017

PurposeThis study aims to explore the relationship between transformational leadership and employee voice behavior and the role of relational identification and work engagement as mediators in the same.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses structural equation modeling to analyze the data from a questionnaire survey of 251 Taiwanese hospitality industry employees.FindingsThe findings demonstrate that transformational leadership has significant relationships with relational identification, work engagement and employee voice behavior and that relational identification and work engagement sequentially mediate between transformational leadership and employee voice behavior.Practical implicationsThe results of this study provide insights into the intervening mechanisms linking leaders’ behavior with employees’ voices, while also highlighting the potential importance of relational identification in organizations, especially concerning the enhancement of employees’ work engagement and voice.Originality/valueThe findings reveal the mechanisms by which supervisors’ transformational leadership encourages employees to voice their suggestions, providing empirical evidence of the sequential mediation of relational identification and work engagement. The results help clarify the psychological process by which leaders influence their followers.