bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iodine‐Mediated Defect Engineering of Vanadyl Phosphate Cathodes for High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lin Yulai , Meng Jianming , Hei Peng , Wang Yuqing , Li Bo , Sun Xiaoqi , Song Yu , Liu Xiao‐Xia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractVanadyl phosphate (VOPO4) is extensively studied as a cathode material for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs). However, due to sluggish ion migration and low electrical conductivity, VOPO4 typically exhibits moderate specific capacity below 200 mAh g−1. To address these issues, an iodine (I2)‐mediated etching method is proposed to enhance the electrochemical performance of VOPO4 for AZIBs. This method effectively regulates structural defects in VOPO4. Initially, I2 undergoes a disproportionation reaction with interlayer H2O in VOPO4, inducing crystal defects in the nanosheet structure. Additionally, the generated HI reduces V5+, further introducing oxygen vacancies in VOPO4. Both experimental and computational results indicate that moderate structural defects in VOPO4 can synergistically improve the electron transfer and ion diffusion kinetics of the electrode. However, excessive structural defects lead to crystalline amorphization and structural pulverization of VOPO4, impeding Zn2+ migration within the material. Therefore, the iodine‐mediated etched VOPO4 electrode (VOP‐I4) exhibits a high specific capacity of 249 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.2 A g−1 and a large energy density of 300 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 246.2 W kg−1, outperforming most reported VOPO4‐based materials for AZIBs. This study provides a new avenue for developing high‐performance VOPO4 materials for energy storage applications.
Lattice Match‐Enabled Covalent Heterointerfaces with Built‐in Electric Field for Efficient Hydrogen Peroxide Photosynthesis
Authors: Hu Jundie , Li Binrong , Li Xue , Yang Tingyu , Yang Xiaogang , Qu Jiafu , Cai Yahui , Yang Hongbin , Lin Zhiqun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCrafting semiconducting heterojunctions represents an effective route to enhance photocatalysis by improving interfacial charge separation and transport. However, lattice mismatch (δ) between different semiconductors can significantly hinder charge dynamics. Here, meticulous lattice tailoring is reported to create a covalent heterointerface with a built‐in electric field (BIEF), imparting markedly improved hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) photosynthesis. Specifically, an In2S3/CdS heterojunction with a coherent heterointerface, characterized by covalent In─S─Cd bridge and exceptionally low lattice mismatch of 0.27%, and a BIEF from In2S3 to CdS, is rationally designed. This heterojunction entails rapid charge separation and transfer, achieving an outstanding H2O2 production rate of 2.09 mmol g−1 h−1 without the need for scavengers and oxygen bubbling, and a high apparent quantum efficiency of 17.73% at 400 nm. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further reveal that this Z‐scheme heterojunction facilitates the adsorption of *O2 and the generation of *OOH intermediates during the 2e− oxygen reduction reaction, associated with a low Gibbs free energy. This study underscores the significance of fine‐tuning interfacial lattices and integrating BIEF to accelerate photocatalysis. The simple yet robust strategy can be conveniently leveraged to enhance device performance in optoelectronics, electrocatalysis, photoelectrocatalysis, and sensing.
In Situ Molecular Reconfiguration of Pyrene Redox‐Active Molecules for High‐Performance Aqueous Organic Flow Batteries
Authors: Ge Guangxu , Li Fan , Yang Min , Zhao Ziming , Hou Guangjin , Zhang Changkun , Li Xianfeng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAqueous organic flow batteries (AOFBs) hold great potential for large‐scale energy storage, however, scalable, green, and economical synthetic methods for stable organic redox‐active molecules (ORAMs) are still required for their practical applications. Herein, pyrene‐based ORAMs are obtained via an in situ organic electrolysis strategy in a flow cell. It is revealed that the water attacking pyrenes restructured molecules to produce a variety of isomers and dimers during the electrolysis, which can be modulated by regulating the local electron cloud density and steric hindrance of pyrene precursors. As a result, the molecularly reconfigured pyrene‐based catholytes, even without any further purification, achieved a high electrolyte utilization of ≈96% and volumetric capacity above 50 Ah L−1. Inspiringly, remarkable cell stability with almost no capacity decay for ≈70 days is achieved, benefiting from the robust aromatic structure of the pyrene cores. The insights into the in situ electrosynthesis of pyrene‐based ORAMs provided in the work will provide guidance for designing ultra‐stable ORAMs for AOFB applications.
Cellulose‐Templated Nanomaterials for Nanogenerators and Self‐Powered Sensors
Authors: Qian Weiqi , Yang Ya 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEnergy crisis inspires the development of renewable and clean energy sources, along with related applications such as nanogenerators and self‐powered devices. Balancing high performance and environmental sustainability in advanced material innovation is a challenging task. Addressing the global challenges of sustainable development and carbon neutrality lead to increased interest in biopolymer research. Nanocellulose materials, derived from biopolymers, demonstrate potential as template candidates for advanced materials, due to their unique properties, including high strength, high surface area, controllable pore structures and high‐water retention. In recent years, cellulose‐templated nanomaterials enable delicate nano‐/microscale structural construction, thus promoting developments in the field of nanogenerators and self‐powered sensors. However, there is still a limited number of reviews focused on cellulose‐templated nanomaterials for applications in nanogenerators and self‐powered sensors. This review aims to fill this research gap by introducing various cellulose‐templated nanomaterials and providing a detailed analysis of their fashionable applications in nanogenerators and self‐powered sensors. The goal is to present cellulose‐templated nanomaterials as highly promising template and guest materials for templating technologies, offering sustainable nano‐/microscale control over advanced materials for the foreseeable future. This potential is promising for new applications in the fields of nanogenerators and self‐powered sensors.
Nonstoichiometry Promoted Solventless Recrystallization of a Thick and Compact CsPbBr3 Film for Real‐Time Dynamic X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Wang Jian , Yu Shanshan , Jin Handong , Li Yu , Zhang Kai , Phillips David Lee , Yang Shihe 
Published: October 2024

AbstractInorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite emerges as a promising material for the development of next‐generation X‐ray detectors. However, the formation of a high‐quality thick film of CsPbBr3 has been challenging due to the low solubility of its precursor and its high melting point. To address this limitation, a nonstoichiometry approach is taken that allows lower‐temperature crystallization of the target perovskite under the solventless condition. This approach capitalizes on the presence of excess volatile PbBr2 within the CsPbBr3 film, which induces melting point depression and promotes recrystallization of CsPbBr3 at a temperature much lower than its melting point concomitant with the escape of PbBr2. Consequently, thick and compact films of CsPbBr3 are formed with grains ten times larger than those in the pristine films. The resulting X‐ray detector exhibits a remarkable sensitivity of 4.2 × 104 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 and a low detection limit of 136 nGyair s−1, along with exceptional operational stability. Notably, the CsPbBr3‐based flat‐panel detector achieves a high resolution of 0.65 lp pix−1 and the first demonstration of real‐time dynamic X‐ray imaging for perovskite‐based devices.
Radical‐Scavenging Violet Phosphorus Nanosheets for Attenuating Hyperinflammation and Promoting Infected Wound Healing
Authors: Dai Zhuo , Li Qiang , Dang Meng , Li Xiaoye , He Ao , Xiu Weijun , Wang Minjin , Zhang Yu , Ding Meng , Dong Heng , Mou Yongbin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAntibacterial therapy targeting the regulation of macrophage polarization may be a useful approach for normalizing the immune environment and accelerating wound healing. Inspired by black phosphorus‐based nanoplatforms, more stable yet less‐explored violet phosphorus nanosheets (VPNSs) are expected to provide a superior solution for effectively combating bacterial infections. In this study, an average thickness of 5–7 nm VPNSs are fabricated through the liquid‐phase exfoliation method to serve as an immunoregulatory dressing for the treatment of infected wounds. VPNSs attenuated excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced the accumulation of proinflammatory M1 macrophages, showing notable antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties. Comprehensive RNA sequencing further elucidated the potential immunoregulatory mechanisms of VPNSs, including modulation of the inflammatory response and enzyme regulator activity. Additionally, the inherent photothermal properties of the VPNSs contributed significantly to their antibacterial efficacy. When combined with near‐infrared laser irradiation, VPNSs showed remarkable effectiveness in reducing infection‐related complications and expediting wound healing in infected skin wound models. The rapid promotion of wound healing through ROS clearance, the regulation of macrophage polarization, and hyperthermia generation underscores the potential of the violet‐phosphorus‐based nanoplatforms as clinically viable agents for treating infected wounds. This study suggests that VPNSs are promising candidates for clinical anti‐infective and anti‐inflammatory applications.
Scent‐mediated bee pollination and myrmecochory in an enigmatic geophyte with pyrogenic flowering and subterranean development of fleshy fruits
Authors: Kiepiel Ian , Johnson Steven D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPremiseVolatile emissions from flowers and fruits play a key role in signalling to animals responsible for pollination and seed dispersal. Here, we investigated the pollination biology and chemical ecology of reproduction in Apodolirion buchananii, an African amaryllid that flowers in a leafless state soon after grassland vegetation is burnt in the dry late‐winter season.MethodsPollinators were identified through field collection and pollen loads were quantified. Floral traits including spectral reflectance and scent chemistry were documented. Bioassays using cup traps were used to test the function of floral volatiles. Fruiting biology was investigated using controlled hand‐pollination experiments and chemical analysis of fruit scent. Seed germination was scored in greenhouse trials. Seed dispersal was monitored using observations and camera trapping.ResultsThe sweetly scented white flowers of A. buchananii are pollen‐rewarding and pollinated mainly by a diverse assemblage of bees. Cup‐trap experiments demonstrated that pollinators are attracted to phenylacetaldehyde, the dominant volatile in the floral scent. Plants are shown to be self‐incompatible, and the fleshy fruits were found to emerge from the soil six months after pollination during the peak of the summer rains. Fruits emit a diverse blend of aliphatic and aromatic esters and contain large fleshy recalcitrant seeds which germinate within days of fruits splitting open. Seed dispersal by ants was recorded.ConclusionsThis first account of the reproductive biology of a species in the genus Apodolirion highlights an outcrossing mating system involving bees attracted to color and scent as well as the unusual fruiting biology and ant‐mediated system of seed dispersal.
The roles of root‐nodulating bacterial associations and cyanogenesis in the freezing sensitivities of herbaceous legumes
Authors: Rycroft Samuel L. , Henry Hugh A. L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPremiseReduced snow cover and increasing temperature variability can increase freezing stress for herbaceous plants in northern temperate regions. Legumes have emerged as a plant functional group that is highly sensitive to these changes relative to other herbaceous species in these regions. We explored root‐nodulating bacterial associations and cyanogenesis as potential mechanisms explaining this relatively low freezing tolerance of legumes.MethodsTo examine the influence of bacterial associations, we grew four legume species with or without crushed‐nodule inoculum at three severities of freezing, and three concentrations of nitrogen to disambiguate the direct benefits of increased nitrogen from the total bacterial effect. We quantified cyanogenesis via hydrogen cyanide production in both true leaves and cotyledons for nine legume species.ResultsRoot nodulation generally only affected legume survival under low nitrogen, when freezing severity was moderate or low. However, for the frost‐surviving plants, the growth advantage provided by nodulation decreased (it was often no longer significant with increasing freezing severity), and greater freezing severity reduced total nodule mass. In contrast, cyanogenesis was only detected in two of the nine species.ConclusionsThe diminished performance of nodulated plants in response to freezing could place legumes at a competitive disadvantage and potentially explain their high sensitivity to freezing relative to other herbaceous species in northern temperate regions. Overall, this result has important implications for changes in soil fertility, community composition, and plant productivity in these ecosystems in the context of a changing winter climate.
Whole‐genome sequencing study in Koreans identifies novel loci for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Kang Moonil , Farrell John J. , Zhu Congcong , Park Hyeonseul , Kang Sarang , Seo Eun Hyun , Choi Kyu Yeong , Jun Gyungah R. , Won Sungho , Gim Jungsoo , Lee Kun Ho , Farrer Lindsay A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe genetic basis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in Koreans is poorly understood.METHODSWe performed an AD genome‐wide association study using whole‐genome sequence data from 3540 Koreans (1583 AD cases, 1957 controls) and single‐nucleotide polymorphism array data from 2978 Japanese (1336 AD cases, 1642 controls). Significant findings were evaluated by pathway enrichment and differential gene expression analysis in brain tissue from controls and AD cases with and without dementia prior to death.RESULTSWe identified genome‐wide significant associations with APOE in the total sample and ROCK2 (rs76484417, p = 2.71×10−8) among APOE ε4 non‐carriers. A study‐wide significant association was found with aggregated rare variants in MICALL1 (MICAL like 1) (p = 9.04×10−7). Several novel AD‐associated genes, including ROCK2 and MICALL1, were differentially expressed in AD cases compared to controls (p < 3.33×10−3). ROCK2 was also differentially expressed between AD cases with and without dementia (p = 1.34×10−4).DISCUSSIONOur results provide insight into genetic mechanisms leading to AD and cognitive resilience in East Asians.Highlights
Novel genome‐wide significant associations for AD identified with ROCK2 and MICALL1.
ROCK2 and MICALL1 are differentially expressed between AD cases and controls in the brain.
This is the largest whole‐genome‐sequence study of AD in an East Asian population.
Pyrrolizwilline, a Unique Bacterial Alkaloid Assembled by a Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase and non‐Enzymatic Dimerization
Authors: Effert Juliana , Westphalen Margaretha , Calderari Andrea , Shi Yi‐Ming , Elamri Isam , Najah Soumaya , Grün Peter , Li Yanyan , Gruez Arnaud , Weissman Kira J. , Bode Helge B. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are a structurally diverse group of heterocyclic specialized metabolites characterized by a core structure comprising a hexahydro‐1H‐pyrrolizine. PAs are synthesized through two main pathways. In plants, assembly occurs via a homospermidine synthase, and in bacteria, through combined action of a nonribosomal peptide synthetase and a Baeyer–Villiger monooxygenase. While the toxic properties of plant‐derived PAs and their prevalence in animal and human foods have been extensively studied, the biological roles and biosynthesis of more complex bacterial PAs are not well understood. Here, we report the identification and characterization of a bacterial biosynthetic gene cluster from Xenorhabdus hominickii, xhpA‐G, which is responsible for producing the PA pseudo‐dimer pyrrolizwilline. Analysis of X. hominickii promoter exchange mutants together with heterologous expression of xhpA‐G in E. coli, revealed a set of pathway intermediates, two of which were chemically synthesized, as well as multiple derivatives. This information was leveraged to propose a detailed biosynthetic pathway to pyrrolizwilline. Furthermore, we have characterized the hydrolase XhpG, the key enzyme in the conversion of the pathway intermediate pyrrolizixenamide to pyrrolizwilline, using X‐ray crystallography and small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS).
An Algebraic Approach to Light–Matter Interactions
Authors: Fernandez‐Corbaton Ivan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA theoretical and computational framework for the study and engineering of light–matter interactions is reviewed in here. The framework rests on the invariance properties of electromagnetism, and is formalized in a Hilbert space whose conformally invariant scalar product provides connections to physical quantities, such as the energy or momentum of a given field, or the outcome of measurements. The light–matter interaction is modeled by the polychromatic scattering operator, which establishes a natural connection to a popular computational formalism, the transition matrix, or T‐matrix. This review contains a succinct yet comprehensive description of the main theoretical ideas, and illustrates some of the practical benefits of the approach.
Targeted connective tissue resection with the dual‐flap surgical approach in the treatment of drug‐induced gingival enlargement: Case study
Authors: Sabbah David , Santana Ronaldo B. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundDrug‐induced gingival enlargement (DIGE) is a common side effect of medications such as anticonvulsants, calcium channel blockers, and immunosuppressants. The treatment of choice for the condition is drug withdrawal or substitution in combination with the nonsurgical phase. In some cases, additional internal or external bevel gingivectomy is needed to achieve periodontal health. Special approaches may be needed in severe DIGE cases superimposed on periodontitis. The aim of this report is to describe the dual‐flap internal gingivectomy (DFIG) approach for the simultaneous management of soft and hard tissues via the simultaneous reduction of the connective tissue bulkiness from the superficial flap and preservation of keratinized tissues.MethodsA generalized Stage IV grade C periodontitis with DIGE was treated. An initial partial thickness flap was elevated and thinned out to a thickness of 1.0–1.5 mm. Then, a second partial‐thickness flap was raised, and a thick band of connective tissue was removed. Proper positioning of the primary flap onto the periosteum was obtained and flap adaptation was achieved with localized gingivoplasty.ResultsHealthy soft tissue was developed with DFIG by debulking the enlarged connective tissues and apical gingival margin positioning with a predictable wide band of keratinized attached gingiva was achieved. ConclusionsThe DFIG surgical approach provides adequate access for root instrumentation and preserves KT width. The procedure effectively reduces soft tissue thickness and improves soft tissue contours, in DIGE cases superimposed to periodontitis.Key points
Gingival enlargement is related to excessive production and deposition of collagen in the inner layer of the connective tissue and the surface of the alveolar bone.
The dual‐flap internal gingivectomy (DFIG) approach allows for targeted excision of the inner layer of the connective tissue from the buccal primary flap while preserving the width of the keratinized tissue.
Adequate soft tissue contours and volume are obtained following the DFIG procedure.
Water‐Soluble Curcumin Derivatives Including Aza‐Crown Ether Macrocycles as Enhancers of Their Cytotoxic Activity
Authors: Arenaza‐Corona Antonino , Sánchez‐Portillo Paola , González‐Sebastián Lucero , Sánchez‐Mora Arturo , Monroy‐Torres Brian , Ramírez‐Apan Teresa , Puentes‐Díaz Nicolás , Alí‐Torres Jorge , Barba Victor , Reyes‐Marquez Viviana , Morales‐Morales David 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe synthesis of three novel curcumin derivative compounds, featuring aza‐crown ether macrocycles of various sizes (aza‐12‐crown‐4, aza‐15‐crown‐5, and aza‐18‐crown‐6), is described. The incorporation of these aza‐crown macrocycles significantly enhances their water solubility, positioning them as groundbreaking instances of curcumin derivatives that are fully soluble in aqueous environments. These curcumin ligands (L1, L2, and L3) were then reacted with zinc acetate to afford the coordination metal complexes (L1‐Zn, L2‐Zn, and L3‐Zn). Comprehensive characterization of all compounds was achieved using various analytical techniques, including 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (ESI+), elemental analysis and UV‐Vis spectroscopy. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of both, ligands and complexes were evaluated on three human cancer cell lines (U‐251, MCF‐7, and SK‐LU‐1). Compared to conventional curcumin, these compounds demonstrated improved antiproliferative potential. Additionally, a wound healing assay was conducted to assess their antimigration properties. The obtained results suggest that these modifications to the curcumin structure represent a promising approach for developing therapeutic agents with enhanced cytotoxic properties.
Glass Microfiber Interlayer for Polysulfide Retention in Lithium‐sulfur Cathodes
Authors: Jahan Georgina , Motevalian Saeme , Hamal Dambar , Awadallah Osama , Claus Ana , Rodrigues de Oliveira Natalia , Safa Meer , El‐Zahab Bilal 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this study, a glass microfibers interlayer (GMI) was used at the interface of the cathode and electrolyte in lithium‐sulfur batteries to prevent polysulfides loss from the cathode which contributes to capacity and coulombic efficiency fades during cycling. The interlayer's performance was evaluated using full‐cell studies and various visual experiments at commercially relevant sulfur areal loadings. Cells with sulfur loading of 4 mg cm−2 consistently had initial capacities exceeding 1200 mAh g−1 and reached a stable performance at around 900 mAh g−1 after 2 cycles at 2.23 mA cm−2. After 200 cycles the capacity retention remained robust at 95 %, marking an average decay rate of only 0.016 % per cycle. Cathodes with 2.8 mg cm−2 at 1.57 mA cm−2 rate and cathodes with 2 mg cm−2 at 3.3 mA cm−2 high rate exhibit improved rate capability and excellent stability over 400 cycles and 500 cycles respectively with 20 % more capacity retention than non‐GMI cells. Post‐failure analyses of the cell components revealed the GMI's role in controlling the concentration of soluble polysulfides at the anode and a suitable candidate that can be used alone or in tandem with other approaches to help overcome one of the major problems in lithium‐sulfur batteries.