bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Green Power: The Role of Plant‐Based Biochar in Advanced Energy Storage
Authors: Simon Shilpa , Harikumar Parvathy , Sreeja P. B. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis comprehensive review aims to provide an overview of recent progress in utilizing plant‐based biochar for supercapacitors. It specifically focuses on biochar derived from plant biomass such as agricultural residues, weeds and aquatic plants, examining their potential in energy storage applications. It explores various synthesis methods like pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization and evaluates their impact on biochar's structure and electrochemical properties. Additionally, it examines the electrochemical performance of biochar‐based supercapacitors, focusing on parameters such as capacitance, cycling stability, and rate capability. Strategies to enhance biochar's electrochemical performance, such as surface modification and composite fabrication, are also discussed. Furthermore, it addresses existing challenges and prospects in harnessing plant‐based biochar for supercapacitor applications, highlighting its potential as a sustainable and efficient electrode material for next‐generation energy storage devices.
On the Solvation Properties of Menthol‐Thymol Mixtures. A Molecular Dynamics Investigation
Authors: Dorosh T. , Mangin T. , Engler E. , Schurhammer R. , Chaumont A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUsing classical molecular dynamics, we have investigated the solvation of catechol, resorcinol, hydroquinone and 1,4‐benzoquinone at infinite dilution, in a series of menthol ‐ thymol mixtures in which the molar fraction of thymol (xTHY) has been increased by steps of 0.1, from 0 (pure menthol) to 1 (pure thymol). The evolution of the solvation shell around the solutes reveals that when xTHY is increased, the average number of hydrogen bonds (HB) where the solute acts as HB acceptor (HBA) and the solvent as HB donor (HBD) increases, while the amount of HB, in which the solute acts as HBD and the solvent as HBA, decreases. Overall, the total number of HBs between the different benzenediols and the solvent decreases with an increase of xTHY, while for benzoquinone the total number of HB increases. This points to the fact that “acidic” or HBD molecules are better solvated in mixtures with high menthol proportion, while “basic” or HBA molecules, are better solvated in thymol rich mixtures. The results reported herein follow the same trends as experimentally reported Kamlet‐Taft parameters and present insights on how the composition of these “deep eutectic” mixtures maybe tweaked in order to optimize their solvation properties.
Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Conversion Of N‐Troponyl‐Amino Acid Derivatives Into Cationic Troponyl‐Oxazolidines
Authors: Jena Chinmay K. , Sharma Nagendra K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBenzoxazole and benzoxazolidine are constituents of various bioactive natural/synthetic molecules comprising benzenoid aromatic residue. However, non‐benzenoid aromatic scaffolds such as tropone and tropolone are also found in natural products. This report describes the synthesis of unusual cationic troponyl‐oxazolidine derivatives from N‐troponyl‐amino acids/peptides by Pd(II)‐catalyzed transformation. X‐ray studies confirm the formation of the first tropylium cation annelated oxazolidine structures and support the formation of unique supramolecular self‐assembly structures owing to the H‐bonding. The CV studies of new tropylium cations reveal their reduction potential ca −1.2 V. Hence, cationic troponyl‐oxazolidinyl amino acids/peptides could be promising analogs of benzoxazolidine for the development of therapeutic drugs.
Illicit drug use in Limerick City: A stakeholder and policy analysis using multiple streams model
Authors: Duopah Yaa Asuaba , Moran Lisa , Elmusharaf Khalifa , Kelly Dervla 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe changing drug situation in Ireland has led to the development of various drug policies. This paper aims to use Limerick City as a case study to examine approaches to policy development.MethodologyThe study is qualitative and uses a hybrid technique that combines document, content, and stakeholder analysis. Kingdon's multiple streams model underpins this study. In addition, guidelines for the systematic search for grey literature were adopted as the search strategy.ResultsProblem Stream: Illicit drug use and its related problems have changed. The increasing availability of drugs, increasing usage and changes in the types of drugs being used have led to increased drug‐related crimes, adverse health outcomes and elevated demand for treatment services. Local drug policies and initiatives emerge by recognising drug‐related problems in the region.Policy Stream: The current national drug strategy 2017–2025 which informs action plans in Limerick is the first to focus on a unified health approach. Some national policies have evolved to ensure that guidelines meet current service needs. However, these changes have occurred in some cases with no clear actions.Political Stream: Statutory, voluntary and community stakeholders provide drug addiction and drug addiction‐related services, which have evolved rapidly since their first introduction. The Mid‐West Regional Drug Task Force was identified as essential in coordinating stakeholders locally. One area for improvement is limited evidence of the voices of persons who take drugs included in service/policy development. This regional analysis also suggests that local implementation of policies concerning dual diagnosis and supervised injection facilities can be further expanded. Despite the challenges experienced by stakeholders in Limerick, a hands‐on approach has been adopted in the creation of strategies to tackle the drug problem.ConclusionThe approaches to drug policy development have delivered continuous development of services. However, services remain underdeveloped in areas removed from the capital city of Dublin. Navigating the complex drug landscape reveals that inclusivity, adaptation, and ongoing research are critical components of successful and long‐lasting drug policies.
Optimizing heat transfer within a rectangular channel through intermittent metal foam block configurations: A numerical study
Authors: Al‐Chlaihawi Kadhim , Hasan Moayed , Ekaid Ali 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA thorough numerical investigation was carried out to examine the heat transfer characteristics within a rectangular channel integrated with metal foam blocks for solar air heating applications. The study employed numerical simulations using the extended Darcy–Forchheimer model with the assumption that there exist local thermal nonequilibrium conditions within the porous foam region. Four configurations, denoted as P–A, P–P, A–P, and A–A, were explored based on the presence or absence of foam blocks relative to the heated section. The study meticulously analyzed the influence of key parameters, such as the number of foam blocks (N = 1–5), permeability (quantified by pore density, ), and Reynolds number (), on the thermohydraulic performance. The results were promising, indicating a significant increase in the average Nusselt number () with the inclusion of foam blocks, albeit accompanied by an undesirable increase in the friction factor. Among the various configurations, the P–A arrangement, where porous blocks are situated at the entrance of the heating channel, exhibited superior thermal performance. Furthermore, the optimal heat transmission rate was attained with a single porous block (N = 1) in the P–A configuration, at a Reynolds number of 16,000 and high permeability (). Conversely, the maximum friction factor was observed with five porous blocks (N = 5) in the A–P configuration, at a Reynolds number of 4000 and low permeability (). The exhaustive analysis of thermohydraulic performance was evaluated using the performance evaluation criterion (PEC), which optimizes the trade‐off between increased heat transfer rate and consequent pressure loss. The P–A arrangement, particularly with higher permeability and a minimal number of porous blocks, demonstrated the highest PEC value of 2.71, representing a significant 171% improvement compared with an empty channel. This study underscores the effectiveness of strategically placing and optimizing metal foam blocks to improve the thermal performance of heat exchanger systems.
The correlation between tumoral CD8 expression and clinical course in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer using tissue samples acquired by endoscopic ultrasound‐guided tissue acquisition
Authors: Tanisaka Yuki , Ryozawa Shomei , Mizuide Masafumi , Fujita Akashi , Jinushi Ryuhei , Watanabe Ryuichi , Sato Ryo , Yasuda Masanori 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between tumoral CD8 expression and the clinical course in patients with unresectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) using tissue samples acquired by endoscopic ultrasound‐guided tissue acquisition (EUS‐TA).MethodsPatients with unresectable PDAC who underwent EUS‐TA prior to treatment between September 2017 and October 2021 were included. The localization of the CD8‐positive areas was qualitatively evaluated. We divided the patients into high and low groups based on the median percentage of CD8‐positive areas. The correlation between the number of CD8‐positive areas and overall survival was assessed. Furthermore, the response to chemotherapy was assessed in patients who underwent chemotherapy.ResultsA total of 169 patients were included in the analysis. The median overall survival was 171 days (95% confidence interval [CI]: 86–401). The median CD8‐positive area was 0.10% (95% CI: 0.05–0.26). The median overall survival in the high (≥0.1%) and low (<0.1%) CD8‐positive groups were 156 and 213.5 days, respectively (p = .33). The number of CD8‐positive areas was not correlated with the overall survival and response to chemotherapy (p = .69).ConclusionsTissue samples acquired using EUS‐TA from patients with unresectable PDAC showed that CD8 expression did not affect the clinical course of patients.
HIV‐negative HHV8‐positive multicentric Castleman's disease coexistent with atypical Kaposi's sarcoma
Authors: Scattone Anna , Loseto Giacomo , Mennuni Biagina Gisella , Mastrandrea Valentina , Buquicchio Rosalba , Foti Caterina , Zito Francesco Alfredo , Filotico Raffaele 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe co‐occurence of multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD) and Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) represents a rare clinical entity, mostly observed in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV‐8) is attributed a crucial etiological role in both conditions. This study presents the case of a 75‐year‐old woman who manifested an angiomatous lesion on the right thigh and erythematous firm plaques on the trunk and limbs, accompanied by asthenia, weight loss, and recurrent febrile episodes. Serological markers for HIV yielded negative results. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CT) and fluorine‐18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18 F FDG PET/CT) revealed multiple enlarged and intensely hypermetabolic lymph nodes in the supraclavicular, cervical, thoracic, and abdominopelvic regions. Subsequent excisional biopsy and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the diagnosis of HIV‐negative HHV8‐positive MCD coexisting with KS.
The impact of alopecia areata on patients' daily lives: A study using social media in France
Authors: Barbarot S. , Reguiai Z. , Voillot P. , Malaab J. , Schück S. , Tamzali A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlopecia areata (AA) significantly affects patients' quality of life, leading them to seek community and support on social media platforms.ObjectivesThis study aims to explore the disease's impact on patients' lives by analyzing their discussions on these platforms.MethodsThrough a retrospective analysis of French social media posts from January 2011 to October 2022, the study employed algorithm‐based methods and machine learning to identify how AA affects patients' quality of life across physical, psychological, social, and financial dimensions. Additionally, qualitative methods (i.e., saturation) were used to detail the main difficulties faced by patients.ResultsThe analysis covered 5075 posts by 4061 patients, primarily from Twitter/X (59.5% of messages) and YouTube (12.9%). It revealed that 81.8% of patients experienced physical impacts, closely linked to psychological issues (66.1%), with many reporting a detrimental cycle of stress and hair loss leading to anxiety and mental fatigue. This cycle adversely affected their self‐image and confidence, resulting in social and professional isolation for 52.0% of patients. Financial strain was also significant, with 35.9% discussing the high costs of treatments and aesthetic maintenance. The primary difficulties included managing stress related to AA (32.1% of messages), handling the disease's duration and relapses (14.1%), and coping with damaged self‐image and self‐esteem issues, such as femininity and societal judgments (11.1%).ConclusionsThis study highlights the profound and multifaceted impact of AA on patients, who often turn to social media for support. The findings underscore the importance of a holistic approach to managing AA, considering its extensive physical, psychological, social, and financial effects. Integrating insights from social media with traditional healthcare and epidemiological research could offer new directions for improving patient support and treatment strategies.
Honey and Aloe vera Solution Increases Survival and Modulates the Tumor Size In Vivo
Authors: Tomasin Rebeka , Ferreira Ianca Carneiro , Sawaya Alexandra Christine Helena Frankland , Mazzafera Paulo , Pascoal Aislan Cristina Rheder Fagundes , Salvador Marcos Jose , Gomes‐Marcondes Maria Cristina Cintra 
Published: September 2024

ScopeThe combination of honey and Aloe vera is used as a popular complementary treatment for cancer due to their nutraceutical properties. This study aims to investigate the anticancer activity of honey and A. vera solution and its ethanolic extraction through in vitro and in vivo approaches.Methods and resultsAfter comparisons of honey and A. vera (HA) solution and its ethanolic extraction solution (E) samples by UPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS, the study verifies HA‐treatment affected only Walker tumor cells viability at the highest dose, and E‐treatment has a more cytotoxic/antiproliferative effect in MCF‐7 and Walker‐256 cells. The in vivo results show a higher survival rate in Walker‐256 tumor‐bearing rats (WHA), with higher NK cell infiltration in tumor tissue and a tendency in the WE group. These results are possible due to decreased mannose‐based immunomodulatory polysaccharides and aloin‐A contents in the ethanolic extract solution compared to HA solution.ConclusionThe current study provides compelling evidence of selectively cytotoxic against tumor cells under honey and A. vera solution and ethanolic extraction solution treatment, due to the cytotoxic/antiproliferative compounds. Therefore, the use of honey and A. vera solution could be used as a basis for coadjuvant therapy in cancer treatment.
An automated commissioning method based on virtual source models: Customizing Monte Carlo dose verification models for individual accelerators
Authors: Cheng Bo , Xu Yuan , Li Shijun , Ren Qiang , Pei Xi , Men Kuo , Dai Jianrong , Xu Xie George 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn pursuit of precise dose calculation and verification, the importance of beam modelling cannot be overstated, as it ensures an accurate distribution of particles incident upon the human body. The virtual source model, as one of the beam modelling methods, offers the advantage of not requiring detailed accelerator information. Although various virtual source models exist, manual adjustment to these models demands a substantial investment of time and computational resources. There has long been a desire to develop an efficient and automated approach for model commissioning.PurposeTo develop an automatic commissioning method for the virtual source model to customize the accelerator model for independent Monte Carlo dose verification.MethodsInitially, the accelerator model is established using the virtual source model and self‐developed Jaw and MLC models. Then, a fully automated iteration process is employed to adjust the parameters of the virtual source model. Three types of objective functions are designed to represent differences from water tank measurements. Each objective function is paired with a specific parameter for adjustment, and their effectiveness is demonstrated through physical evidence. In each iteration, parameters with the highest objective function percentage are chosen for adjustment, and step length is determined based on current objective function values. Iteration is terminated when changes in any direction from the optimal solution no longer produce an improvement. Dose verification model for nine accelerators has been accomplished using this method. Additionally, under the same initial conditions, verification models for Versa HD accelerator (FF and FFF modes) are established using this method, Nelder‐Mead Simplex optimization method, and the Bayesian optimization method to compare the efficiency and quality of these three iterative approaches.ResultsIterations for all nine accelerators are completed within 30 iterations. The relative dose differences in dose fall‐off region compared to water tank measurements are all less than 2%, and the average gamma passing rates (3%/2 mm) for ArcCHECK measurements in QA plans are all higher than 97%. For Versa HD accelerator in FFF and FF modes, the proposed method achieves an average relative dose difference below 1% within 11 and 13 iterations, respectively. In contrast, the Simplex optimization reached 1% within 78 iterations in FFF mode. Furthermore, the Simplex optimization in FF mode and Bayesian optimization in both modes failed to achieve a 1% difference within 100 iterations.ConclusionsThe proposed iterative method achieves fast and automated commissioning of dose verification models, contributing to accurate and reliable clinical dose verification.
Toward a Track‐Fin Hybrid Driven Bionic Amphibious Robot: Design, Development, and Experiments
Authors: Xia Minghai , Yin Qian , Zhu Qunwei , Zeng Haisen , Lu Zhongyue , Luo Zirong 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAmphibious robots offer promising applications in field scenarios such as search and rescue, exploration and reconnaissance, and environment monitoring. However, achieving high locomotion performance in terrestrial, aquatic, and soft muddy transition areas remains challenging. This study presents a novel amphibious robot based on the hybrid drive of tracks and bionic fins. The robot is driven by a pair of tracks on land and by a pair of undulating fins underwater, without the need for switching operating modes due to the simultaneous drive of the two components. The structure design is introduced and the united operating strategies are derived for propulsion in multiple environments propulsion. A land–water united controller for the heading angle and track/fin frequency is designed based on a mathematical model. In field experiments, the robot achieved the maximum linear velocities of 2 m/s on land and 0.51 m/s underwater, with maximum yaw rates of 225  and 100 , respectively. The robot could transition seamlessly between land and water in less than 2 s. The closed‐loop control experiments demonstrated that the robot could quickly follow the desired angle with minimal error in both media using the same controller and parameters. The proposed simultaneous drive method enhances the multi‐terrain motion capacity and cross‐medium performance while reducing control complexity of amphibious robot, providing a new perspective for the development of self‐adaptive and high‐performance amphibious robots for practical application.
Isolation, Molecular Characterisation, and Pathogenicity Analysis of a Novel Recombinant ALV‐J Strain Isolated From Chinese Hetian Chickens
Authors: Lei Tianyu , Zhuang Liyun , Dai Tingting , Niu Qun , Bao Yinli , Lin Weiming , Huang Cuiqin , Zheng Xintian 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAvian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV‐J) primarily affects poultry, particularly chickens, leading to tumourigenesis and immunosuppression, which results in substantial economic losses. It is important to note that ALV‐J is commonly found in indigenous chicken breeds in China, and the virus's vertical transmission characteristics present a significant threat to the preservation of local chicken breeds.ObjectivesThe study aimed to investigate the characteristics and effects of the recombinant ALV‐J strain LY2021J, with a focus on its genetic composition and its potential influence on virulence and pathogenicity.MethodsLY2021J was isolated using DF‐1 cells and validated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and IFA. The proviral genome was amplified using segmented PCR and then spliced together using DNASTAR software. Genome‐wide genes, including gag, pol, gp85, and long terminal repeat (LTR), were compared. Recombination sites were analysed using RDP5 and SimPlot software. Pathogenicity was evaluated by monitoring symptoms and conducting examinations on SPF chickens.ResultsThe outbreak of ALV‐J in China has caused significant economic losses in the poultry industry. Although largely controlled in white‐feather broilers and egg‐laying chickens, ALV‐J has spread to yellow‐feather broilers and local breeds. A strain, LY2021J, isolated from Hetian chickens, showed lower mortality despite severe dysplasia. Genetic analysis revealed high similarity between LY2021J and the Chinese strains JS14NT01 and NX0101, suggesting a shared origin. Recombination with strain ev‐1 and specific 3′ UTR deletions may explain LY2021J's reduced virulence. Continued monitoring and prevention strategies are essential to mitigate ALV‐J's impact.
Giant graviton expansion for general Wilson line operator indices
Authors: Imamura Yosuke , Sei Akihiro , Yokoyama Daisuke 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We propose a giant graviton expansion for Wilson line operator indices in general representations. The inserted line operators are specified by power sum symmetric polynomials pλ labeled by partitions λ. We interpret the partitions as the structure of fundamental string worldsheets wrapping around the temporal circle. The strings may or may not end on giant gravitons, and by summing the contributions from all brane configurations consistent with the specified partitions, we obtain the finite N line operator index. The proposed formula is consistent with known results and passes highly non-trivial numerical tests.
Cybersecurity work at Swedish administrative authorities: taking action or waiting for approval
Authors: Andreasson Annika , Artman Henrik , Brynielsson Joel , Franke Ulrik 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the Swedish public sector has undergone rapid digitalization, while cybersecurity efforts have not kept even steps. This study investigates conditions for cybersecurity work at Swedish administrative authorities by examining organizational conditions at the authorities, what cybersecurity staff do to acquire the cyber situation awareness required for their role, as well as what experience cybersecurity staff have with incidents. In this study, 17 semi-structured interviews were held with respondents from Swedish administrative authorities. The results showed the diverse conditions for cybersecurity work that exist at the authorities and that a variety of roles are involved in that work. It was found that national-level support for cybersecurity was perceived as somewhat lacking. There were also challenges in getting access to information elements required for sufficient cyber situation awareness.