bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrophobic cellulose fibers via ATRP and their performance in the removal of pyrene from water
Authors: Arteta Sandra M. , Vera Ricardo , Pérez León D. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTIn the present work, cellulose fibers were modified by grafting with poly(lauryl acrylate) and poly(octadecyl acrylate). The grafted materials were prepared by polymerization of the corresponding monomers via surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization, starting from cellulose papers previously modified with 2‐bromoisobutyryl groups. The polymerizations were carried out in the presence of ethyl‐2‐bromoisobutyrate, as a sacrificial initiator, added to control the molecular weight of the anchored segments, and polymerization kinetics. The grafting of both polymers was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The effect of grafting these polymers on the thermal stability, morphology, and surface properties of cellulose fibers was studied using thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and measuring water contact angle, respectively. The results reveal that grafting poly(lauryl acrylate) and poly(octadecyl acrylate) to cellulose confers the filter paper a hydrophobic character, and increases its affinity with pyrene, allowing the removal of this pollutant from water. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44482.
Performance evaluation of sodium alginate–Pebax polyion complex membranes for application in direct methanol fuel cells
Authors: Nagar Harsha , Sumana C. , Rao V. V. Basava , Sridhar S. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTA novel polyion complex membrane was synthesized for direct methanol fuel cell application through the blending of the natural biopolymer sodium alginate (SA) with the synthetic polymer Pebax [poly(ether‐block‐amide)]. The blend was covalently crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GA) and sulfonated with sulfuric acid (H2SO4), after which characterization by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffractometry, thermogravimetric analysis, and universal testing machine techniques was carried out. The SA–Pebax–GA–H2SO4 membrane exhibited a high ion‐exchange capacity of 2.1 mequiv/g, an optimum water sorption of 17.3%, and a low methanol sorption of 9.5%. A desirably low methanol permeability of 9.25 × 10−8 cm2/s and a high proton conductivity of 0.067 S/cm were obtained as against corresponding values of 1.82 × 10−6 cm2/s and 0.077 S/cm reported for a commercial Nafion 117 membrane. Moreover, a high selectivity of 6.5 × 105 Ss/cm3 with a power density of 0.17 W/cm2 was achieved with the indigenous blend membrane at a potential of 0.34 V. Molecular dynamics simulation was performed along with the estimation of fractional free volume to explain the transport behavior of water and methanol molecules through the membrane. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44485.
Preparation and properties of emulsifier‐/solvent‐free polyurethane‐acrylic hybrid emulsions for binder materials: Effect of the glycidyl methacrylate/acrylonitrile content
Authors: Ryu Young‐Su , Lee Young‐Hee , Kim Jung‐Soo , Park Cha‐Cheol , Kim Han‐Do 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTTo obtain binder materials, emulsions of emulsifier‐/solvent‐free waterborne polyurethane‐acrylic hybrids with a fixed acrylic monomer content (30 wt %) were prepared in this study. This study focused on the effect of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)/acrylonitrile (AN) wt % on the shelf stability, mean particle size and viscosity of hybrid emulsion samples, water swelling %/dynamic mechanical thermal properties/mechanical properties of hybrid film samples, and the failure mode and adhesive strength of binder materials prepared in this study. Characterization of the chemical structures of prepolymers, hybrid materials (binder materials), and atmospheric pressure plasma‐treated polyethylene (PE) has been performed by means of Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy to determine the presence/disappearance/peak intensity change of functional groups. Various properties such as mean particle size, viscosity, Tg, water swelling %, hardness and mechanical properties, and failure mode and adhesive strength for leather/leather, control PE/leather, and plasma‐treated PE/leather were found to be significantly dependent on the weight ratio of GMA/AN. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44497.
Sustainable biodegradable coffee grounds filler and its effect on the hydrophobicity, mechanical and thermal properties of biodegradable PBAT composites
Authors: Moustafa Hesham , Guizani Chamseddine , Dufresne Alain 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTPoly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) and coffee grounds (CG) wastes are biodegradable materials. The high cost of PBAT restricts its marketability; the lignocellulosic CG were used as a reinforcing agent for PBAT. Thus, the present work focuses mainly on the preparation and characterization of bio‐based PBAT composites filled with CG bio‐additives with affordable cost, and with potential use in a variety of eco‐friendly fields such as packaging, biomedical devices, and composting. The PBAT polymer was melt blended with various contents of CG powder using twin screw extrusion. The compatibility and dispersion state of investigated biocomposites in presence or absence of PEG as plasticizer were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The effect of the addition of PEG on PBAT/CG was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), tensile properties, contact angle measurements, and thermogravimetric analysis. The chemical interaction between hydroxyl groups of CG particles and PEG plasticizer was achieved by these techniques. A pyrolysis kinetic model was proposed to identify the kinetic parameters of the thermal degradation of PBAT and CG powder. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44498.
Sulfonated polyphenylsulfone asymmetric membranes: Effect of coagulation bath (acetic acid‐NaHCO3/isopropanol) on morphology and antifouling properties
Authors: Yam‐Cervantes M. A. , Santiago‐García J. L. , Loría‐Bastarrachea M. I. , Duarte‐Aranda S. , Alberto Ruiz‐Treviño F. , Aguilar‐Vega M. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTSulfonated polyphenylsulfone porous asymmetric membranes, S‐PPSU with different sulfonation degrees, 21, 33, 50 wt %, were prepared by phase inversion. Two different coagulation baths were explored for asymmetric membrane preparation: acetone/isopropanol and acetic acid (AA)‐NaHCO3/isopropanol. The latter bath allows better morphology control for the nucleation and pore formation of the membrane. Scanning electron microscopy of membranes shows that pore interconnectivity is improved, when the mixture of AA‐NaHCO3/isopropanol was used for asymmetric S‐PPSU ultrafiltration membranes preparation. S‐PPSU asymmetric membranes show an increasing hydrophilicity with increasing sulfonation degree. Asymmetric membrane antifouling properties improve as the concentration of sulfonic groups increases in the membrane showing twice the flux recovery ratio and lower BSA protein absorption in static and dynamic flux tests. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44502.
Structure characterization and adsorption properties of tetraethylenepentamine ion exchange fiber
Authors: Li Mingyu , Ding Kefu , Zeng Qingxuan , Li Zhihao 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTA novel tetraethylenepentamine ion exchange fiber (TAIEF) was prepared using polypropylene grafted styrene (PP‐g‐ST) fiber as raw material. The chemical structure of TAIEF was characterized using infrared spectrum (IR) method. TAIEF had good appearance and shape after reaction in SEM images, the TGA curves revealed that both PP‐g‐ST fiber and acetyl PP‐g‐ST fiber had good thermal stability below 250 °C, and the weight loss rate of TAIEF is 9% from 50 °C to 200 °C obtained by TGA. TAIEF adsorption capacity to Fe(III) is larger than that of In(III) in the pH value 1.00 to 3.00, while the pH value is at 2.50 to 3.00, TAIEF adsorption capacity to Fe(II) and Zn(II) are smaller than that of In(III). The selective adsorption ability to Fe(III) is higher than In(III), and the selective absorptivity to In(III) is better than Fe(II) and Zn(II). The mechanism was explained of TAIEF favorable selective adsorption to In(III) and Fe(III) ions in mixed solutions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44513.
Structural characterization and electrical properties of carbon nanotubes/epoxy polymer composites
Authors: Boukheir Sofia , Len Adél , Füzi János , Kenderesi Viktor , Achour Mohammed Essaid , Éber Nándor , Costa Luis Cadillon , Oueriagli Amane , Outzourhit Abdelkader 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between the electrical and structural characteristics of multiwalled carbon nanotubes dispersed into the polymer matrix of a resin. In a first step, the composites were characterized by small‐angle neutron scattering, which provide information about the bulk dispersion of nanotubes in the matrix and form three‐dimensional networks with a surface fractal behavior. In the second step, a dielectric and electrical study was carried out in the frequency range between 1 Hz and 10 MHz at room temperature. We have found that the electric and dielectric behavior of these composites can be described by Jonscher's universal dielectric response. We show that the critical exponents describing the concentration dependence of the conductivity and the dielectric constant, obtained in the vicinity of the percolation threshold, are in good agreement with the theoretical values. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44514.
Radiographic and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Identification of Thoracolumbar Spine Variants with Implications for the Positioning of the Conus Medullaris in Rhesus Macaques
Authors: Ohlsson Marcus , Nieto Jaime H. , Christe Kari L. , Villablanca J. Pablo , Havton Leif A. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTThe anatomy of the vertebral column in mammals may differ between species and between subjects of the same species, especially with regards to the composition of the thoracolumbar spine. We investigated, using several noninvasive imaging techniques, the thoracolumbar spine of a total of 44 adult rhesus macaques of both genders. Radiographic examination of the vertebral column showed a predominant spine phenotype with 12 rib‐bearing thoracic vertebrae and 7 lumbar vertebrae without ribs in 82% of subjects, whereas a subset of subjects demonstrated 13 rib‐bearing thoracic vertebrae and 6 lumbar vertebrae without ribs. Computer tomography studies of the thoraco‐lumbar spine in two cases with a pair of supernumerary ribs showed facet joints between the most caudal pair of ribs and the associated vertebra, supporting a thoracic phenotype. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies were used to determine the relationship between the lumbosacral spinal cord and the vertebral column. The length of the conus medullaris portion of the spinal cord was 1.5 ± 0.3 vertebral units, and its rostral and caudal positions in the spinal canal were at 2.0 ± 0.3 and 3.6 ± 0.4 vertebral units below the thoracolumbar junction, respectively (n = 44). The presence of a set of supernumerary ribs did not affect the length or craniocaudal position of the conus medullaris, and subjects with13 rib‐bearing vertebrae may from a functional or spine surgical perspective be considered as exhibiting12 thoracic vertebrae and an L1 vertebra with ribs. Anat Rec, 300:300–308, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gene Expression and Pharmacodynamic Changes in 1,760 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients From Two Phase III Trials of BAFF Blockade With Tabalumab
Authors: Hoffman Robert W. , Merrill Joan T. , Alarcón‐Riquelme Marta M. E. , Petri Michelle , Dow Ernst R. , Nantz Eric , Nisenbaum Laura K. , Schroeder Krista M. , Komocsar Wendy J. , Perumal Narayanan B. , Linnik Matthew D. , Airey David C. , Liu Yushi , Rocha Guilherme V. , Higgs Richard E. 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveTo characterize baseline gene expression and pharmacodynamically induced changes in whole blood gene expression in 1,760 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients from 2 phase III, 52‐week, randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind studies in which patients were treated with the BAFF‐blocking IgG4 monoclonal antibody tabalumab.MethodsPatient samples were obtained from SLE patients from the ILLUMINATE‐1 and ILLUMINATE‐2 studies, and control samples were obtained from healthy donors. Blood was collected in Tempus tubes at baseline, week 16, and week 52. RNA was analyzed using Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 and NanoString.ResultsAt baseline, expression of the interferon (IFN) response gene was elevated in patients compared with controls, with 75% of patients being positive for this IFN response gene signature. There was, however, substantial heterogeneity of IFN response gene expression and complex relationships among gene networks. The IFN response gene signature was a predictor of time to disease flare, independent of anti–double‐stranded DNA (anti‐dsDNA) antibody and C3 and C4 levels, and overall disease activity. Pharmacodynamically induced changes in gene expression following tabalumab treatment were extensive, occurring predominantly in B cell–related and immunoglobulin genes, and were consistent with other pharmacodynamic changes including anti‐dsDNA antibody, C3, and immunoglobulin levels.ConclusionSLE patients demonstrated increased expression of an IFN response gene signature (75% of patients had an elevated IFN response gene signature) at baseline in ILLUMINATE‐1 and ILLUMINATE‐2. Substantial heterogeneity of gene expression was detected among individual patients and in gene networks. The IFN response gene signature was an independent risk factor for future disease flares. Pharmacodynamic changes in gene expression were consistent with the mechanism of BAFF blockade by tabalumab.
Rheumatoid Arthritis Naive T Cells Share Hypermethylation Sites With Synoviocytes
Authors: Rhead Brooke , Holingue Calliope , Cole Michael , Shao Xiaorong , Quach Hong L. , Quach Diana , Shah Khooshbu , Sinclair Elizabeth , Graf John , Link Thomas , Harrison Ruby , Rahmani Elior , Halperin Eran , Wang Wei , Firestein Gary S. , Barcellos Lisa F. , Criswell Lindsey A. 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveTo determine whether differentially methylated CpGs in synovium‐derived fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were also differentially methylated in RA peripheral blood (PB) samples.MethodsFor this study, 371 genome‐wide DNA methylation profiles were measured using Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChips in PB samples from 63 patients with RA and 31 unaffected control subjects, specifically in the cell subsets of CD14+ monocytes, CD19+ B cells, CD4+ memory T cells, and CD4+ naive T cells.ResultsOf 5,532 hypermethylated FLS candidate CpGs, 1,056 were hypermethylated in CD4+ naive T cells from RA PB compared to control PB. In analyses of a second set of CpG candidates based on single‐nucleotide polymorphisms from a genome‐wide association study of RA, 1 significantly hypermethylated CpG in CD4+ memory T cells and 18 significant CpGs (6 hypomethylated, 12 hypermethylated) in CD4+ naive T cells were found. A prediction score based on the hypermethylated FLS candidates had an area under the curve of 0.73 for association with RA case status, which compared favorably to the association of RA with the HLA–DRB1 shared epitope risk allele and with a validated RA genetic risk score.ConclusionFLS‐representative DNA methylation signatures derived from the PB may prove to be valuable biomarkers for the risk of RA or for disease status.
Baricitinib, Methotrexate, or Combination in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and No or Limited Prior Disease‐Modifying Antirheumatic Drug Treatment
Authors: Fleischmann Roy , Schiff Michael , van der Heijde Désirée , Ramos‐Remus Cesar , Spindler Alberto , Stanislav Marina , Zerbini Cristiano A. F. , Gurbuz Sirel , Dickson Christina , de Bono Stephanie , Schlichting Douglas , Beattie Scott , Kuo Wen‐Ling , Rooney Terence , Macias William , Takeuchi Tsutomu 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveWe undertook this phase III study to evaluate baricitinib, an orally administered JAK‐1/JAK‐2 inhibitor, as monotherapy or combined with methotrexate (MTX) compared to MTX monotherapy in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who had received no or minimal conventional synthetic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and who were naive to biologic DMARDs.MethodsA total of 588 patients were randomized 4:3:4 to receive MTX monotherapy (once weekly), baricitinib monotherapy (4 mg once daily), or the combination of baricitinib and MTX for 52 weeks. The primary end point assessment was a noninferiority comparison of baricitinib monotherapy to MTX monotherapy based on the proportion of patients meeting the American College of Rheumatology 20% improvement criteria (achieving an ACR20 response) at week 24.ResultsThe study met its primary objective. Moreover, baricitinib monotherapy was found to be superior to MTX monotherapy at week 24, with a higher ACR20 response rate (77% versus 62%; P ≤ 0.01). Similar results were observed for combination therapy. Compared to MTX monotherapy, significant improvements in disease activity and physical function were observed for both baricitinib groups as early as week 1. Radiographic progression was reduced in both baricitinib groups compared to MTX monotherapy; the difference was statistically significant for baricitinib plus MTX. The rates of serious adverse events (AEs) were similar across treatment groups, while rates of some treatment‐emergent AEs, including infections, were increased with baricitinib plus MTX. Three deaths were reported, all occurring in the MTX monotherapy group. Malignancies, including nonmelanoma skin cancer, were reported in 1 patient receiving MTX monotherapy, 1 receiving baricitinib monotherapy, and 4 receiving baricitinib plus MTX.ConclusionBaricitinib alone or in combination with MTX demonstrated superior efficacy with acceptable safety compared to MTX monotherapy as initial therapy for patients with active RA.
Selective Modification of Chitin and Chitosan: En Route to Tailored Oligosaccharides
Authors: Carvalho Luísa C. R. , Queda Fausto , Santos Cátia V. Almeida , Marques M. Manuel B. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractChitin and chitosan are attractive biopolymers with enormous structural possibilities for chemical modification, creating platforms for new chemical entities with a broad scope of applications, ranging from material science to medicine. During the last few years, incredible efforts have been dedicated to the regioselective modification of these biopolymers paving the way for improved properties and tailored activities. Herein, the most recent advances in chitin/chitosan regioselective modification, reaction conditions, selectivity, and the impact on its applications are highlighted. Moreover, the recent focus on chitooligosaccharides, their regioselective and chemoselective functionalization, as well as their role in biological studies, including molecular recognition with several biological targets are also covered.
Bemessung von Gebäuden in Brettsperrholzbauweise unter Erdbebenbeanspruchung
Authors: Andreolli Mauro , Tomasi Roberto 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBei Brettsperrholz (BSP) handelt es sich um ein Massivholzprodukt, welches in Europa seit mehr als zehn Jahren erfolgreich hergestellt und verwendet wird. Die Vorteile in Bezug auf das Tragverhalten, einen konstruktionsbedingt schnelleren Bauablauf und zunehmende qualitative Anforderungen haben zu einer breiten Anwendung dieses Massivholzprodukts im Wohnungsbau geführt. In diesen Gebäuden erfolgt die Aussteifung gegenüber horizontal einwirkenden Kräften wie Wind und Erdbeben über die Wandscheiben der einzelnen Geschosse, wobei die auftretenden Kräfte (Schubfluss und abhebende Kräfte) mittels metallischen Verbindungsmitteln (Schubwinkel und Zuganker) in die Unterkonstruktion eingeleitet werden.Der Einsatz von mechanischen Verbindungsmitteln wie Nägel und Schrauben in den Fugen (Wand–Wand und Wand–Decke) verleiht dem Gebäude ein in sich steifes Tragverhalten. In den folgenden Abschnitten wird das Grundkonzept für die Bemessung von BSP‐Gebäuden gegenüber Horizontallasten veranschaulicht. Insbesondere wird auf das Tragverhalten der Anschlusssysteme und dabei auf die jüngsten Forschungsprojekte, die im Bereich der theoretischen und experimentellen Untersuchungen an der Universität Trient durchgeführt wurden, eingegangen. Die praktische Anwendung der durchgeführten Forschungsarbeiten wurde durch die Entwicklung eines Software‐Tools für die Bemessung von mehrgeschossigen BSP‐Gebäuden ermöglicht.
Dynamische Verformungsmessungen an Eisenbahnbrücken mittels Mikrowelleninterferometrie
Authors: Firus Andrei , Schneider Jens , Becker Matthias , Grunert Günther , Pullamthara Jiny Jose 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDie terrestrische Mikrowelleninterferometrie ist ein im Bauwesen noch wenig bekanntes Messverfahren, das die berührungslose Erfassung von Verformungen einer Struktur mit einer Genauigkeit bis in den Submillimeterbereich und einer Abtastrate von bis zu 4 kHz ermöglicht. Darüber hinaus bietet die Mikrowelleninterferometrie die Möglichkeit, das Bewegungsverhalten mehrerer Punkte entlang eines Profils zeitsynchron zu beobachten. Aufgrund der hohen Messrate kann auch die dynamische Strukturantwort aufgezeichnet werden, die unmittelbar zur Ableitung modaler Strukturkennwerte (Eigenfrequenzen, Dämpfungsmaße) genutzt werden kann, während die Entfernungsauflösung die direkte Ermittlung von Eigenformen ermöglicht. Dieser Beitrag gibt eine kurze Einführung in die Funktionsweise des Messverfahrens und erläutert Randbe dingungen und Grenzen der Messmethode hinsichtlich ihrer Anwendbarkeit bei dynamischen Messungen an Eisenbahn brücken. Die Erkenntnisse wurden anhand umfangreicher und systematischer experimenteller Untersuchungen in Zusammenarbeit mit der Deutschen Bahn AG gewonnen. Hieraus wurde eine Bewertungsmatrix erstellt, die die Eignung der Mikrowelleninterferometrie für unterschiedliche bahnspezifische Mess aufgaben an Baustrukturen veranschaulicht. In Teil 2 werden ausgewählte Messergebnisse im Vergleich mit konventionellen Messverfahren und dynamischen Strukturberechnungen gezeigt, die an Eisenbahnbrücken ermittelt und zur Validierung des Messverfahrens genutzt wurden.
Identification of non‐reported bupropion metabolites in human plasma
Authors: Connarn Jamie N. , Luo Ruijuan , Windak Jim , Zhang Xinyuan , Babiskin Andrew , Kelly Marisa , Harrington Gloria , Ellingrod Vicki L. , Kamali Masoud , McInnis Melvin , Sun Duxin 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBupropion and its three active metabolites exhibit clinical efficacy in the treatment of major depression, seasonal depression and smoking cessation. The pharmacokinetics of bupropion in humans is highly variable. It is not known if there are any non‐reported metabolites formed in humans in addition to the three known active metabolites. This paper reports newly identified and non‐reported metabolites of bupropion in human plasma samples. Human subjects were dosed with a single oral dose of 75 mg of an immediate release bupropion HCl tablet. Plasma samples were collected and analysed by LC–MS/MS at 0, 6 and 24 h. Two non‐reported metabolites (M1 and M3) were identified with mass‐to‐charge (m/z) ratios of 276 (M1, hydration of bupropion) and 258 (M3, hydroxylation of threo/erythrohydrobupropion) from human plasma in addition to the known hydroxybupropion, threo/erythrohydrobupropion and the glucuronidation products of the major metabolites (M2 and M4–M7). These new metabolites may provide new insight and broaden the understanding of bupropion's variability in clinical pharmacokinetics. © 2016 The Authors Biopharmaceutics & Drug Disposition Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.