bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Because family and friends got easily weary of taking care’: a new perspective on the specialization in the elderly care sector in early modern Holland
Authors: Boele Anita , de Moor Tine 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis article investigates the causes of the remarkable growth in and specialization of elderly care institutions in the Netherlands during the early modern period, and relates these developments to a number of major changes in the household formation process, which had both a direct and an indirect impact on the need for elderly care in general and on the relationships between the elderly and next of kin (partners, children, and other family members). Some specific features of the specialization in care, such as the care provisions for couples, point towards an underlying change in these relationships, which may have resulted from a combination of factors such as neolocality, high marriage ages for both men and women, and, related to this, the small spousal age gap and large numbers of singles. In the typical nuclear household society of early modern Holland, even when children lived close enough and were financially capable to provide help, parents often still relied on extra‐familial elderly care provisions. This article also argues that this practice was embedded in a persistent moral culture accentuating independence, agency, self‐help, investment in the younger generation, and community, instead of putting family responsibilities first.
Progression of phosphine resistance in susceptible Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) populations under different immigration regimes and selection pressures
Authors: Rafter Michelle A. , McCulloch Graham A. , Daglish Gregory J. , Walter Gimme H. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractInsecticide resistance is an escalating global issue for a wide variety of agriculturally important pests. The genetic basis and biochemical mechanisms of resistance are well characterized in some systems, but little is known about the ecological aspects of insecticide resistance. We therefore designed a laboratory experiment to quantify the progression of phosphine resistance in Tribolium castaneum populations subject to different immigration regimes and selection pressures. Mated resistant females were added to originally susceptible populations under two distinct migration rates, and in addition, half of the populations in each migration treatment were exposed to selection pressures from phosphine fumigation. The progression of phosphine resistance was assessed by screening beetles for the resistance allele at rph2. Phosphine resistance increased slowly in the low migration treatment and in the absence of selection, as expected. But at the higher migration rate, the increase in frequency of the resistance allele was lower than predicted. These outcomes result from the high levels of polyandry known in T. castaneum females in the laboratory, because most of the Generation 1 offspring (86%) were heterozygous for the rph2 allele, probably because resistant immigrant females mated again on arrival. Phosphine resistance was not fixed by fumigation as predicted, perhaps because susceptible gametes and eggs survived fumigation within resistant females. In terms of phosphine resistance progression in populations exposed to selection, the effect of fumigation negated the difference in migration rates. These results demonstrate how species‐specific traits relating to the mating system may shape the progression of insecticide resistance within populations, and they have broad implications for the management of phosphine resistance in T. castaneum in the field. ​We specify and discuss how these mating system attributes need to be accounted for when developing guidelines for resistance management.
Quality characteristics of angel food cake and muffin using lentil protein as egg/milk replacer
Authors: Jarpa‐Parra Marcela , Wong Leah , Wismer Wendy , Temelli Feral , Han Jay , Huang Weijuan , Eckhart Ewelina , Tian Zhigang , Shi Kaiyong , Sun Tianwei , Chen L. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryReplacement of animal proteins could be interesting for the food industry because it allows long‐term cost savings, among other reasons. Replacing egg/milk protein (50–100 wt%) by lentil protein (LP) was evaluated on angel cake/muffin quality. The replacement did not significantly affect final product volume, neither the muffins nor the angel food cakes. LP did not affect dough formation and contributed to hold crumb structure building an entangled network in both cake products. In addition, angel cakes and muffins containing LP had significantly lower baking loss than the control. Inferior quality for angel cakes and muffins containing LP was observed regarding hardness and chewiness that increased upon storage, compared to the control. For sensory evaluation in angel cakes, appearance of LP formulations showed lower scores than the control, likely due to the change of crumb colour. Other attributes were not significantly impacted by LP presence. For muffins, M‐100‐LPC formulation showed significant differences with the control for most of the attributes, except appearance and flavour. Indeed, consumers preferred muffins with 100% egg/milk protein replacement, which received higher acceptability scores than control. They also appreciated the ‘nutty’ flavour and moisture of angel cake with 50% egg protein replacement. This research suggests that lentil protein can totally or partially substitute egg/milk protein as foam and emulsion stabiliser in cakes, producing products with satisfactory quality.
Sensory profiles of artisan goat cheeses as influenced by the cultural context and the type of panel
Authors: Ramírez‐Rivera Emmanuel de Jesús , Ramón‐Canul Lorena Guadalupe , Díaz‐Rivera Pablo , Juárez‐Barrientos José Manuel , Herman‐Lara Erasmo , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon , Herrera‐Corredor José Andrés 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe research was performed to evaluate influence of the cultural context and the type of panel on sensory profiles of artisan goat cheeses. Two types of sensory panels from the goat cheese‐making region (experienced/trained artisan cheese producers vs. goat cheese consumers) and two types of sensory panels from a city area (trained descriptive panellists vs. cheese consumers) were formed. The sensory profiles generated with QDA® and Flash Profile techniques were compared using the hierarchical multiple factor analysis at two levels: type of panel and geographical area. This study demonstrated that sensory panels from the goat cheese‐making region used lesser attributes for characterising cheeses. Some discrepancies in sensory profiles were found between the two consumer panels. The two experienced/trained panels were more discriminative and their sensory profiles were similar. Recruiting artisan goat cheese producers for sensory profiling of their own products is a reasonable alternative when training is appropriately conducted.
Larval development and post‐larval growth of Branchiomma bairdi (Annelida: Sabellidae) from a Mediterranean population
Authors: Pasqua Michela Del , Lezzi Marco , Licciano Margherita , Giangrande Adriana 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBranchiomma bairdi is a Caribbean fan worm introduced in several localities worldwide, including the Mediterranean Sea, where the species’ range has rapidly expanded. Reproduction in B. bairdi was previously investigated in both extra‐Mediterranean and Mediterranean areas, but no information is available on larval development and post‐larval growth. In the present article, we examined these features for a population from the Mar Grande of Taranto (Ionian Sea). The species is hermaphrodite, and fertilization occurs in situ. Mucus seems to play an important role in fertilization, and also in preserving eggs before fertilization. The trochophore stage develops within the mucus and after hatching, larvae swim for about 3 d before settlement. The trochophore showed a distinct prototroch and two red dorsolateral larval eyes. The pelagic stage takes only 96 h even though prototroch is maintained after settlement, disappearing at 5 d, when larvae showed three chaetigers and branchial crown consisted of four radioles. Some interesting observations concerning changes in the morphology of chaetae and in the number of uncini during growth are also reported, together with discussion of the development of stylodes, an important diagnostic feature in Branchiomma species identification.
Embryogenesis and larval development of the seastar Astropecten armatus
Authors: Pernet Bruno , Livingston Brian T. , Sojka Caitlin , Lizárraga David 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAstropectinid seastars typically develop as either feeding bipinnaria larvae or nonfeeding, barrel‐shaped larvae. Understanding the direction and frequency of evolutionary transitions between these larval nutritional modes requires knowledge of the distribution of developmental diversity in the family, but the development of only a few astropectinids is known. Here we describe embryogenesis, larval development, and metamorphosis of Astropecten armatus, an astropectinid common in soft‐sediment subtidal habitats in southern California. Adults were reproductively mature all year except during the winter months (December–February). Oocytes averaged 137 μm in diameter, the smallest reported in the genus. Fertilized oocytes developed into feeding bipinnaria larvae that fed in the plankton for at least 4 weeks, and in some cases up to 33 weeks, before metamorphosis. The tube feet of juveniles were adhesive, but lacked suckers, contrary to some previous descriptions of suckered tube feet in the juveniles of paxillosidans.
Corticosterone primes the neuroinflammatory response to Gulf War Illness‐relevant organophosphates independently of acetylcholinesterase inhibition
Authors: Locker Alicia R. , Michalovicz Lindsay T. , Kelly Kimberly A. , Miller Julie V. , Miller Diane B. , O'Callaghan James P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractGulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic multi‐symptom disorder affecting veterans of the 1991 Gulf War. Among the symptoms of GWI are those associated with sickness behavior, observations suggestive of underlying neuroinflammation. We have shown that exposure of mice to the stress hormone, corticosterone (CORT), and to diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP), as a nerve agent mimic, results in marked neuroinflammation, findings consistent with a stress/neuroimmune basis of GWI. Here, we examined the contribution of irreversible and reversible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors to neuroinflammation in our mouse model of GWI. Male C57BL/6J mice received 4 days of CORT (400 mg/L) in the drinking water followed by a single dose of chlorpyrifos oxon (CPO; 8 mg/kg, i.p.), DFP (4 mg/kg, i.p.), pyridostigmine bromide (PB; 3 mg/kg, i.p.), or physostigmine (PHY; 0.5 mg/kg, i.p.). CPO and DFP alone caused cortical and hippocampal neuroinflammation assessed by qPCR of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, IL‐6, C–C chemokine ligand 2, IL‐1β, leukemia inhibitory factor and oncostatin M; CORT pretreatment markedly augmented these effects. Additionally, CORT exposure prior to DFP or CPO enhanced activation of the neuroinflammation signal transducer, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). In contrast, PHY or PB alone or with CORT pretreatment did not produce neuroinflammation or STAT3 activation. While all of the CNS‐acting AChE inhibitors (DFP, CPO, and PHY) decreased brain AChE activity, CORT pretreatment abrogated these effects for the irreversible inhibitors. Taken together, these findings suggest that irreversible AChE inhibitor‐induced neuroinflammation and particularly its exacerbation by CORT, result from non‐cholinergic effects of these compounds, pointing potentially to organophosphorylation of other neuroimmune targets.
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Can native shrubs facilitate the early establishment of contrasted co‐occurring oaks in Mediterranean grazed areas?
Authors: Costa A. , Villa S. , Alonso P. , García‐Rodríguez J.A. , Martín F.J. , Martínez‐Ruiz C. , Fernández‐Santos B. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractQuestionsCan shrubs (Cytisus multiflorus) and large herbivore exclusion (fence) facilitate seedling survival and growth of marcescent and sclerophyllous oaks (Quercus pyrenaicavsQ. ilexsubsp.ballota) under a bioclimatic limit in Mediterranean grazed areas?LocationOpen oak woodlands, central‐western Spain.MethodsA 2‐yr field experiment was conducted by planting 200 seedlings of eachQuercusspecies under four different treatments combining the influence of nurse shrubs and fencing onQuercusseedling survival and growth.ResultsCytisus multiflorusenhanced poorQuercusseedling survival found in the study area, at least during the first 2 yr after planting and particularly during the first dry season. The improvement in soil organic matter under the shrub canopy may have contributed to this positive effect, which was more pronounced onQ. pyrenaicaseedlings. Seedling herbivory did not seem to be a limitation to survival. Increased seedling growth in both species was also very low, and no growth was recorded 2 yr after planting without shrubs. The positive shrub effect on seedling growth, especially marked in fenced areas, was more important inQ. pyrenaicain the first growing period and inQ. ilexin the second; 2 yr after planting no difference in shrub effect on growth was found in eitherQuercusspecies. Seedling herbivory was a limitation to seedling growth in areas without shrubs, mainly in the case ofQ. pyrenaica.ConclusionsIn Mediterranean grazed areas with important summer drought and very sandy soil, shrubbyC. multiflorusplants have a clear facilitative effect on seedlings of ecologically contrastedQuercusspecies. The facilitative effect was found in both marcescent and sclerophyllous oak seedlings, but to a different degree depending on the species considered and the variable measured (survival or growth). In terms of survival, the marcescent species was more favoured by shrub cover than the sclerophyllous one, and this effect was accentuated through time. However, in terms of growth, althoughQ. pyrenaicawas initially more favoured by shrubs, differences between the two species were attenuated after 2 yr. Therefore,C. multifloruscan have a key role in restoration of these oak degraded environments.
A test of genomic modularity among life‐history adaptations promoting speciation with gene flow
Authors: Ragland Gregory J. , Doellman Meredith M. , Meyers Peter J. , Hood Glen R. , Egan Scott P. , Powell Thomas H. Q. , Hahn Daniel A. , Nosil Patrik , Feder Jeffrey L. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSpeciation with gene flow may require adaptive divergence of multiple traits to generate strong ecologically based reproductive isolation. Extensive negative pleiotropy or physical linkage of genes in the wrong phase affecting these diverging traits may therefore hinder speciation, while genetic independence or “modularity” among phenotypic traits may reduce constraints and facilitate divergence. Here, we test whether the genetics underlying two components of diapause life history, initial diapause intensity and diapause termination timing, constrain differentiation between sympatric hawthorn and apple‐infesting host races of the fly Rhagoletis pomonella through analysis of 10,256 SNPs measured via genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS). Loci genetically associated with diapause termination timing were mainly observed for SNPs mapping to chromosomes 1–3 in the genome, most notably for SNPs displaying higher levels of linkage disequilibrium (LD), likely due to inversions. In contrast, selection on initial diapause intensity affected loci on all five major chromosomes of the genome, specifically those showing low levels of LD. This lack of overlap in genetically associated loci suggests that the two diapause phenotypes are largely modular. On chromosome 2, however, intermediate level LD loci and a subgroup of high LD loci displayed significant negative relationships between initial diapause intensity and diapause termination time. These gene regions on chromosome 2 therefore affected both traits, while most regions were largely independent. Moreover, loci associated with both measured traits also tended to exhibit highly divergent allele frequencies between the host races. Thus, the presence of nonoverlapping genetic modules likely facilitates simultaneous, adaptive divergence for the measured life‐history components.
Rapid, broad‐scale gene expression evolution in experimentally harvested fish populations
Authors: Uusi‐Heikkilä Silva , Sävilammi Tiina , Leder Erica , Arlinghaus Robert , Primmer Craig R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractGene expression changes potentially play an important role in adaptive evolution under human‐induced selection pressures, but this has been challenging to demonstrate in natural populations. Fishing exhibits strong selection pressure against large body size, thus potentially inducing evolutionary changes in life history and other traits that may be slowly reversible once fishing ceases. However, there is a lack of convincing examples regarding the speed and magnitude of fisheries‐induced evolution, and thus, the relevant underlying molecular‐level effects remain elusive. We use wild‐origin zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model for harvest‐induced evolution. We experimentally demonstrate broad‐scale gene expression changes induced by just five generations of size‐selective harvesting, and limited genetic convergence following the cessation of harvesting. We also demonstrate significant allele frequency changes in genes that were differentially expressed after five generations of size‐selective harvesting. We further show that nine generations of captive breeding induced substantial gene expression changes in control stocks likely due to inadvertent selection in the captive environment. The large extent and rapid pace of the gene expression changes caused by both harvest‐induced selection and captive breeding emphasizes the need for evolutionary enlightened management towards sustainable fisheries.
Meta‐Analysis of the Transcriptome Reveals a Core Set of Shade‐Avoidance Genes in Arabidopsis
Authors: Sellaro Romina , Pacín Manuel , Casal Jorge J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe presence of neighboring vegetation modifies the light input perceived by photo‐sensory receptors, initiating a signaling cascade that adjusts plant growth and physiology. Thousands of genes can change their expression during this process, but the structure of the transcriptional circuit is poorly understood. Here we present a meta‐analysis of transcriptome data fromArabidopsis thalianaexposed to neighbor signals in different contexts, including organs where growth is promoted or inhibited by these signals. We identified a small set of genes that consistently and dynamically respond to neighbor light signals. This group is also affected by light during de‐etiolation and day/night cycles. Among these genes, many of those with positive response to neighbor signals are binding targets ofPHYTOCHROME‐INTERACTING FACTORS(PIFs) and function as transcriptional regulators themselves, but none of these features is observed among those with negative response to neighbor signals. Changes. in neighbor signals can mimic the transcriptional signature of auxin, gibberellins, brassinosteroid, abscisic acid, ethylene, jasmonic acid and cytokinin but in a context‐dependent manner. We propose the existence of a small core set of genes involved in downstream communication ofPIFsignaling status and in the control of light sensitivity and chloroplast metabolism.
Common Structural Elements in the Chromophore Binding Pocket of the Pfr State of Bathy Phytochromes
Authors: Velázquez Escobar Francisco , Buhrke David , Michael Norbert , Sauthof Luisa , Wilkening Svea , Tavraz Neslihan N. , Salewski Johannes , Frankenberg‐Dinkel Nicole , Mroginski Maria Andrea , Scheerer Patrick , Friedrich Thomas , Siebert Friedrich , Hildebrandt Peter 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPhytochromes are bimodal photoreceptors which, upon light absorption by the tetrapyrrole chromophore, can be converted between a red‐absorbing state (Pr) and far‐red‐absorbing state (Pfr). In bacterial phytochromes, either Pr or Pfr are the thermally stable states, thereby constituting the classes of prototypical and bathy phytochromes, respectively. In this work, we have employed vibrational spectroscopies to elucidate the origin of the thermal stability of the Pfr states in bathy phytochromes. Here, we present the first detailed spectroscopic analysis of RpBphP6 (Rhodopseudomas palustris), which together with results obtained for Agp2 (Agrobacterium tumefaciens) and PaBphP (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) allows identifying common structural properties of the Pfr state of bathy phytochromes, which are (1) a homogenous chromophore structure, (2) the protonated ring C propionic side chain of the chromophore and (3) a retarded H/D exchange at the ring D nitrogen. These properties are related to the unique strength of the hydrogen bonding interactions between the ring D N‐H group with the side chain of the conserved Asp194 (PaBphP numbering). As revealed by a comparative analysis of homology models and available crystal structures of Pfr states, these interactions are strengthened by an Arg residue (Arg453) only in bathy but not in prototypical phytochromes.
Influence of Heterogeneity on the Ultrafast Photoisomerization Dynamics of Pfr in Cph1 Phytochrome
Authors: Stensitzki Till , Yang Yang , Wölke Anna Lena , Knapp Ernst‐Walter , Hughes Jon , Mroginski Maria Andrea , Heyne Karsten 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPhotoisomerization of a protein‐bound chromophore is the basis of light sensing and signaling in many photoreceptors. Phytochrome photoreceptors can be photoconverted reversibly between the Pr and Pfr states through photoisomerization of the methine bridge between rings C and D. Ground‐state heterogeneity of the chromophore has been reported for both Pr and Pfr. Here, we report ultrafast visible (Vis) pump–probe and femtosecond polarization‐resolved Vis pump–infrared (IR) probe studies of the Pfr photoreaction in native and 13C/15N‐labeled Cph1 phytochrome with unlabeled PCB chromophore, demonstrating different S0 substates, Pfr‐I and Pfr‐II, with distinct IR absorptions, orientations and dynamics of the carbonyl vibration of ring D. We derived time constants of 0.24 ps, 0.7 ps and 6 ps, describing the complete initial photoreaction. We identified an isomerizing pathway with 0.7 ps for Pfr‐I, and silent dynamics with 6 ps for Pfr‐II. We discuss different origins of the Pfr substates, and favor different facial orientations of ring D. The model provides a quantum yield for Pfr‐I of 38%, in line with ~35% ring D rotation in the electronic excited state. We tentatively assign the silent form Pfr‐II to a dark‐adapted state that can convert to Pfr‐I upon light absorption.