bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meditation and vacation effects have an impact on disease-associated molecular phenotypes
Authors: Epel E S , Puterman E , Lin J , Blackburn E H , Lum P Y , Beckmann N D , Zhu J , Lee E , Gilbert A , Rissman R A , Tanzi R E , Schadt E E 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMeditation is becoming increasingly practiced, especially for stress-related medical conditions. Meditation may improve cellular health; however, studies have not separated out effects of meditation from vacation-like effects in a residential randomized controlled trial. We recruited healthy women non-meditators to live at a resort for 6 days and randomized to either meditation retreat or relaxing on-site, with both groups compared with ‘regular meditators’ already enrolled in the retreat. Blood drawn at baseline and post intervention was assessed for transcriptome-wide expression patterns and aging-related biomarkers. Highly significant gene expression changes were detected across all groups (the ‘vacation effect’) that could accurately predict (96% accuracy) between baseline and post-intervention states and were characterized by improved regulation of stress response, immune function and amyloid beta (Aβ) metabolism. Although a smaller set of genes was affected, regular meditators showed post-intervention differences in a gene network characterized by lower regulation of protein synthesis and viral genome activity. Changes in well-being were assessed post intervention relative to baseline, as well as 1 and 10 months later. All groups showed equivalently large immediate post-intervention improvements in well-being, but novice meditators showed greater maintenance of lower distress over time compared with those in the vacation arm. Regular meditators showed a trend toward increased telomerase activity compared with randomized women, who showed increased plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 ratios and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels. This highly controlled residential study showed large salutary changes in gene expression networks due to the vacation effect, common to all groups. For those already trained in the practice of meditation, a retreat appears to provide additional benefits to cellular health beyond the vacation effect.
Broadband design of planar circular tag antenna for UHF RFID system
Authors: Lu J.H. , Zheng G.T. 
Published: September 2016

A planar broadband circular tag antenna operated at ultra‐high frequency (UHF) band for radio‐frequency identification (RFID) system is proposed. By adding a pair of T‐arc‐shaped strips and parasitic step strips, excitation of multi‐resonant modes can approximate reach with the operating half‐power band from 848 to 963 MHz, which covers the required bandwidth for worldwide UHF RFID (860–960 MHz) system. Moreover, the measured read distance of this design can reach 3.8 m, and exhibits good unidirectional radiation patterns in the X–Z and X–Yplanes.
Acoustic shooter localisation using a network of asynchronous acoustic nodes
Authors: Hengy Sébastien , Duffner Pascal , DeMezzo Sébastien , Heck Stéphane , Gross Laurent , Naz Pierre 
Published: September 2016

The present study focuses on the acoustical detection and localisation of shots using a network of wireless asynchronous acoustic nodes. The first sections describe the detection and classification schemes of the developed real‐time acoustic nodes and the asynchronous shooter localisation principle. This localisation method is evaluated in free field and in complex propagation conditions, where obstacles affect the propagation of the muzzle blast and shock waves. More than 600 shots with calibre 5.56 to 12.7mm weapons at distances varying from 100 to 800 m constitute the database used for the evaluation of the localisation performance. It shows that the localisation of shooters in complex environments is possible when the group of acoustic nodes is near to the shot trajectory.
A novel orvinol analog, BU08028, as a safe opioid analgesic without abuse liability in primates
Authors: Ding Huiping , Czoty Paul W. , Kiguchi Norikazu , Cami-Kobeci Gerta , Sukhtankar Devki D. , Nader Michael A. , Husbands Stephen M. , Ko Mei-Chuan 
Published: August 2016

Significance
A potent opioid analgesic without addictive and respiratory adverse effects has been a predominant goal for opioid medicinal chemistry since the isolation of morphine from opium in the 19th century. Here we report a functional profile of a unique analog, BU08028, targeting a combination of a classical and nonclassical opioid receptors in monkeys. By examining behavioral, physiological, and pharmacologic factors, the present study demonstrates that BU08028 exhibits full antinociception and antihypersensitivity without reinforcing effects (i.e., abuse liability), respiratory depression, pruritus, adverse cardiovascular events, or acute physical dependence. Because monkey models provide the most phylogenetically appropriate evaluation of opioid receptor functions and drug effects, these findings provide a translational bridge for such ligands as effective analgesics without safety and abuse liability concerns.
Leptin promotes systemic lupus erythematosus by increasing autoantibody production and inhibiting immune regulation
Authors: Lourenço Elaine V. , Liu Aijing , Matarese Giuseppe , La Cava Antonio 
Published: September 2016

SignificanceLeptin is an adipocytokine whose activity has been associated with the development and maintenance of proinflammatory immune responses. Here we show that genetic deficiency of leptin protected mice from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and reduced production of autoantibodies and renal disease. In a spontaneous animal model of SLE, the administration of leptin promoted an acceleration of the disease, whereas leptin blockade protected from autoimmunity. We suggest that these effects of leptin on SLE could possibly be exploited therapeutically in the disease.
Anatomy of the β-branching enzyme of polyketide biosynthesis and its interaction with an acyl-ACP substrate
Authors: Maloney Finn P. , Gerwick Lena , Gerwick William H. , Sherman David H. , Smith Janet L. 
Published: August 2016

Significance
Polyketides are a chemically diverse class of natural products with broad pharmaceutical applications. β-Branching in modular polyketide synthase pathways contributes to this diversity by introducing alkyl branches into polyketide intermediates, ranging from simple methyl groups to more unusual structures, including the curacin A cyclopropane ring. Branching replaces the β-carbonyl of a polyketide intermediate, which is more commonly reduced and/or methylated. Furthermore, β-branching is catalyzed by cassettes of standalone enzymes and is targeted to a specific point in a polyketide synthase PKS pathway by specialized acyl carrier proteins (ACPs). In these structural studies, we have begun to elucidate the mechanisms of ACP selectivity by the initiating enzyme of β-branching. This work may be essential for rational efforts to diversify polyketides using unnatural β-branching schemes.
Functional role of T-cell receptor nanoclusters in signal initiation and antigen discrimination
Authors: Pageon Sophie V. , Tabarin Thibault , Yamamoto Yui , Ma Yuanqing , Nicovich Philip R. , Bridgeman John S. , Cohnen André , Benzing Carola , Gao Yijun , Crowther Michael D. , Tungatt Katie , Dolton Garry , Sewell Andrew K. , Price David A. , Acuto Oreste , Parton Robert G. , Gooding J. Justin , Rossy Jérémie , Rossjohn Jamie , Gaus Katharina 
Published: August 2016

SignificanceT-cell activation requires the translation of antigen binding to the T-cell receptor (TCR) into intracellular signaling. However, how antigen recognition and signal transduction are mechanistically linked is poorly understood. Here, we used single-molecule localization microscopy to link TCR clustering to signaling. We found that the likelihood of a single receptor to initiate signaling upon ligand binding depended on receptor-to-receptor spacing, with TCRs in dense clusters having the highest signaling efficiency. This means that antigen recognition must first be translated into a spatial reorganization of receptors into dense, signaling-competent clusters before signaling can begin. Thus, the quality of an antigen in terms of signaling is given by its ability to densely cluster receptors.
Class II major histocompatibility complex mutant mice to study the germ-line bias of T-cell antigen receptors
Authors: Silberman Daniel , Krovi Sai Harsha , Tuttle Kathryn D. , Crooks James , Reisdorph Richard , White Janice , Gross James , Matsuda Jennifer L. , Gapin Laurent , Marrack Philippa , Kappler John W. 
Published: September 2016

SignificanceThe evolutionary hypothesis for T-cell antigen receptor–peptide major histocompatibility complex (TCR–pMHC) interaction posits the existence of germ-line–encoded rules by which the TCR is biased toward recognition of the MHC. Understanding these rules is important for our knowledge of how to manipulate this important interaction at the center of adaptive immunity. In this study, we highlight the flexibility of thymic selection as well as the existence of these rules by generating knockin mutant MHC mice and extensively studying the TCR repertoires of T cells selected on the mutant MHC molecules. Identifying novel TCR subfamilies that are most evolutionarily conserved to recognize specific areas of the MHC is the first step in advancing our knowledge of this central interaction.
Mortality Estimates for Red Snapper Based on Ultrasonic Telemetry in the Northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Williams-Grove Laura Jay , Szedlmayer Stephen T. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
We used the Vemco Positioning System (VPS) to estimate mortalities from the fine-scale movements (~1-m accuracy) of Red Snapper Lutjanus campechanus on four artificial reef sites in the northern Gulf of Mexico in 2012, 2013, and 2014. Additional receivers on surrounding reef sites validated emigrations of tagged Red Snapper from the VPS-monitored sites. We tagged and released 86 Red Snapper and tracked 59 fish for extended periods (17 to 1,096 d). Telemetry tracking patterns identified fish status as active, emigrated, caught (F), or dead (M) at monthly intervals. At the end of the study, 17 fish had emigrated, 24 were caught by fishers, and 18 were active on VPS-monitored reef sites. For all years combined, annual fishing mortality was F = 0.44 (0.27–0.65, 95% confidence limit). In 2012, F = 0.72 (0.35–1.31) and was higher than other years, but the number of fish available for recapture at the start of the sportfishing season was low (n = 15). In 2013, F = 0.18 (0.07–0.42; n = 30), and in 2014, F = 0.42 (0.22–0.76; n = 28). One natural mortality (M) was detected in 2012, and M = 0.12 (0.02–0.69); no subsequent natural mortalities were detected in 2013 and 2014 (M = 0). Total instantaneous mortality (Z) for all years was Z = 0.48 (0.30–0.70). We attributed the low M to high fishing mortality but caution that sample sizes were small, which is typical of telemetry studies. The fates of 58 (98%) transmitter-tagged Red Snapper were successfully identified based on the VPS technology. Increases in F from 0.18 (2013) to 0.42 (2014) occurred when the length of the fishing season was decreased (42 to 9 d) and indicated that fishers increased effort during the shortened fishing season, and the management goal of reducing catch may not have been achieved.
Received July 20, 2015; accepted April 20, 2016 Published online August 30, 2016
Neighbourhood renewal, participation, and social capital in deprived areas: unintended consequences in a Nordic context
Authors: Hindhede Anette Lykke 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
This paper addresses the use of the concept of social capital in neighbourhood renewal programmes which aim to influence social and health-related processes. Based on a social network analysis of 17 groups comprising 133 members, qualitative interviews were conducted with 22 participants to consider the kinds of patterns and connections that build up in a neighbourhood renewal project in a small, deprived neighbourhood of a provincial town in Denmark. Results show that outcomes of community participation depend on the kind of social capital generated and on who is excluded from these resources or capital. Problems hindering inclusive participatory processes include self-exclusion and exclusionary dynamics in the neighbourhood. These dynamics centre on power struggles that lead the least powerful to opt out. Thus, the Danish ‘Ghetto Strategy’, which aims to increase local community participation and volunteering, could have the unintended consequence of increasing social and health inequalities rather than reducing them.
Observation of the loss of pre-disruptive runaway electrons in KSTAR ohmic plasma disruptions
Authors: Cheon MunSeong , Kim Junghee , An YoungHwa , Seo Dongcheol , Kim Hyunseok 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
A newly-developed fast neutron detector revealed a close relationship between the loss of pre-disruptive runaway electrons and the plasma disruption in KSTAR ohmic plasmas. It is observed that a burst of photoneutrons is generated exactly before the start of thermal quenches, indicating a bunch of runaway electrons which had existed before the disruption impacts the first wall at the time. The loss of runaway electrons could be identified also as a decrease in the measured electron temperature, forming a typical two-stage thermal quench trace. From the MHD pattern in the neutron signal during a low-q disruption, it could be identified that pre-disruptive runaway electrons are localized in the plasma, especially on the q  =  2 drift surface. These new findings suggest the pre-disruptive runaway electrons might play an important role in the plasma disruption mechanism.
The influence of temperature dynamics and dynamic finite ion Larmor radius effects on seeded high amplitude plasma blobs
Authors: Held M. , Wiesenberger M. , Madsen J. , Kendl A. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Thermal effects on the perpendicular convection of seeded pressure blobs in the scrape-off layer of magnetised fusion plasmas are investigated. Our numerical study is based on a four field full-F gyrofluid model, which entails the consistent description of high fluctuation amplitudes and dynamic finite Larmor radius effects. We find that the maximal radial blob velocity increases with the square root of the initial pressure perturbation and that a finite Larmor radius contributes to highly compact blob structures that propagate in the poloidal direction. An extensive parameter study reveals that a smooth transition to this compact blob regime occurs when the finite Larmor radius effect strength, defined by the ratio of the magnetic field aligned component of the ion diamagnetic to the

E

×

B

vorticity, exceeds unity. The maximal radial blob velocities agree excellently with the inertial velocity scaling law over more than an order of magnitude. We show that the finite Larmor radius effect strength affects the poloidal and total particle transport and present an empirical scaling law for the poloidal and total blob velocities. Distinctions to the blob behaviour in the isothermal limit with constant finite Larmor radius effects are highlighted.
Chronic Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Authors: Kershaw Kiarri N. , Lane-Cordova Abbi D. , Carnethon Mercedes R. , Tindle Hilary A. , Liu Kiang 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Endothelial dysfunction may represent an important link between chronic stress and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, few studies have examined the impact of chronic stress on endothelial dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to examine whether chronic stress was associated with flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and 2 biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction (intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and E-selectin) in a multiethnic sample of adults (ages 45–84 years).

METHODS
Data come from the baseline examination of Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis participants. Chronic stress was assessed based on self-report of the presence and severity of ongoing problems in 5 domains. FMD was obtained using high-resolution ultrasound; biomarkers were assayed in different subsets of participants.

RESULTS
Higher chronic stress was associated with lower absolute FMD (mm FMD) in models adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics (0.169mm in high-stress participants vs. 0.178 and 0.179mm in medium and low-stress participants; P for trend = 0.04). This association remained unchanged with further adjustment for behavioral and biological CVD risk factors. Higher stress was related to higher ICAM-1 in models adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and biological risk factors (P for trend = 0.005), but this association attenuated with adjustment for cigarette smoking (P for trend = 0.07). Chronic stress was not associated with E-selectin.

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest chronic stress is related to endothelial dysfunction, possibly in part through other stress-associated CVD risk factors such as cigarette smoking.
Highly enriched 7Be in the ejecta of Nova Sagittarii 2015 No. 2 (V5668 Sgr) and the Galactic 7Li origin
Authors: Molaro P. , Izzo L. , Mason E. , Bonifacio P. , Della Valle M. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
We report on the evidence of highly blueshifted resonance lines of the singly ionized isotope of 7Be ii in high resolution UVES spectra of Nova Sagittarii 2015 No. 2 (V5668 Sgr). The resonance doublet lines 7Be ii at λλ313.0583, 313.1228 nm are clearly detected in several non-saturated and partially resolved high velocity components during the evolution of the outburst. The total absorption identified with Be ii has an equivalent width much larger than all other elements and comparable to hydrogen. We estimate an atomic fraction N(7Be)/N(Ca) ≈ 53–69 from unsaturated and resolved absorption components. The detection of 7Be in several high velocity components shows that 7Be has been freshly created in a thermonuclear runaway via the reaction 3He(α, γ)7Be during the Nova explosion, as postulated by Arnould & Norgaar, however in much larger amounts than predicted by current models. 7Be ii decays to 7Li ii with a half-life of 53.22 d, comparable to the temporal span covered by the observations. The non-detection of 7Li i requires that 7Li remains ionized throughout our observations. The massive Be ii ejecta result into a 7Li production that is ≈ 4.7–4.9 dex above the meteoritic abundance. If such a high production is common even in a small fraction (≈5 per cent) of Novae, they can make all the stellar7Li of the Milky Way.
Wide Variation of Surgical Cost in the Treatment of Periarticular Lower Extremity Injuries Between 6 Fellowship-Trained Trauma Surgeons
Authors: Wetzel Robert J. , Kempton Laurence B. , Lee Edwin S. , Zlowodzki Michael , McKinley Todd O. , Virkus Walter W. 
Published: August 2016

Objectives:
We hypothesized that negligible surgical material cost variation exists between traumatolgists for treatment of bimalleolar ankle and bicondylar tibial plateau fractures.

Design:
Retrospective medical record review.

Setting:
Academic level 1 Trauma Center; 2-year period.

Patients/Participants:
Current Procedure Terminology codes for open treatment of bimalleolar ankle and bicondylar tibial plateau fractures identified patients. Patients who had operative treatment of other injuries under the same anesthetic session were excluded. Only definitive treatment procedures were analyzed.

Intervention:
We analyzed the intraoperative material costs of these procedures and compared them between surgeons. This analysis was done with a newly developed proprietary program designed for inventory and cost analysis.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Mean and median total case material costs were compared using one-way analysis of variance. Individual items that significantly increased costs were identified.

Results:
We identified 88 bimalleolar ankle and 46 bicondylar tibial plateau fractures treated by 6 surgeons. The mean intraoperative material cost per bimalleolar ankle fracture was $1099. The least expensive surgeon's mean case cost was $613, which was significantly less than the most expensive surgeon's $2243 (P = 0.009). The median cost range was $598–$784. The top quartile of cases resulted in 57% of overall material cost for ankle fractures. The mean intraoperative material cost per bicondylar tibial plateau fracture was $3219 (range $1839–$4088, P = 0.064). The range of median costs ($1826–$3989) was significantly wider than for ankle fractures. Bone void fillers, locking plates, adjunctive external fixators, mini-fragment locking plates, cannulated screws, single-use taps, guidewires, and drill bits all substantially increased costs.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrated variation in intraoperative material cost between 6 traumatologists resulting from practice variations despite similar specialty training. The cost differences resulting from practice variation reveal potential savings through increased standardization of surgical care for similar injuries. We identified high-cost items, which could lead to cost savings if used only when they will have clinical benefit.
Limb Salvage With Intrepid Dynamic Exoskeletal Orthosis Versus Transtibial Amputation: A Comparison of Functional Gait Outcomes
Authors: Mangan Katharine I. , Kingsbury Trevor D. , Mazzone Brittney N. , Wyatt Marilynn P. , Kuhn Kevin M. 
Published: August 2016

Objectives:
To determine if there is a difference in functional gait outcomes between patients with limb injuries treated with either transtibial amputation or limb preservation with the Intrepid Dynamic Exoskeletal Orthosis.

Design:
Retrospective prognostic study.

Setting:
Tertiary referral military hospital.

Patients:
This study included 10 transtibial amputees and 10 limb preservation patients using the Intrepid Dynamic Exoskeletal Orthosis who were matched by body mass index after excluding for nontraumatic, proximal ipsilateral, contralateral, spine, or traumatic brain injuries. Transtibial amputation patients were also excluded if they did not have a gait study between 6 and 12 months after independent ambulation. Limb preservation were excluded if they did not complete the “Return to Run” program.

Interventions:
An observational study of functional outcomes using instrumented gait analysis.

Outcome Measures:
Spatiotemporal, kinetic (vertical ground reaction force), unified deformable power, work, and efficiency.

Results:
Limb preservation patients walked with a significantly slower cadence (P = 0.036) and spent less time on their affected limb in stance (P = 0.045), and longer in swing (P = 0.019). Amputees had significantly increased maximum positive power in both limbs (P = 0.004 and P = 0.029) and increased maximum negative power on the unaffected limb (P = 0.035). Amputees had significantly increased positive and negative work in the affected limb (P = 0.0009 and P = 0.014) and positive work in the unaffected limb (P = 0.042). There was no significant difference in the kinetic data or efficiency.

Conclusions:
Limb preservation patients spend less time on their affected limb as a percentage of the gait cycle. The unified deformable power demonstrated more dynamic gait in amputees, with peak values closer to normative data.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.