bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Removal of molybdate anions from contaminated waters by brown algae biomass in batch and continuous processes
Authors: Carnevale Betina , Blanes Patricia , Sala Luis F , Bellú Sebastián E 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn recent years, the discharge of heavy metal ions in natural waters has become a serious problem. Among the various techniques that have been employed for heavy metal removal, adsorption is highly effective and economical because low‐cost adsorbents can be employed. Brown algae are a potential biosorbent because of their high uptake capacities for various heavy metal ions. Petalonia fascia biomass immobilized in an agar matrix was tested as a new removal agent of MoVI from contaminated waters.RESULTSSorption studies were performed in batch and continuous systems. Petalonia fascia has a high adsorption capacity (1376 ± 2 mg g−1) at 20 °C and pH 1.0. Participation of hydroxyl and carboxylate functional groups in the adsorption of molybdate anions was confirmed by FT‐IR analysis. SEM images showed that morphological surface changes happen after MoVI sorption. Mean free energies of sorption and activation parameters demonstrate that the sorption mechanism was chemical sorption. MoVI sorption onto brown seaweed surface was spontaneous and exothermic. Petalonia fascia has an energetically heterogeneous surface. Continuous sorption data were best fitted by a modified dose–response model. Scale‐up of the sorption processes was achieved applying a bed depth service time (BDST) model. The critical bed depth, Z0 was 1.7 cm.CONCLUSIONSPetalonia fascia biomass is a good adsorbent material for MoVI and it can be used in fixed bed columns for the purification of MoVI contaminated effluents. The high value of qmax and the low cost of this seaweed make this biomass a good sorbent for use in continuous treatment of groundwater and effluents contaminated with molybdate anions. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Selecting Effective Examples to Train Students for Peer Review of Open‐Ended Problem Solutions
Authors: Verleger Matthew A. , Rodgers Kelsey J. , Diefes‐Dux Heidi A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundStudents conducting peer review on open‐ended problem solutions require training. For that training, the selection of training examples is critical.PurposeThis study explored how the characteristics of five example solutions used in training and their associated expert evaluations affected students' abilities to score peer team solutions on a model‐eliciting activity (MEA).Design/MethodFor this training, individual students reviewed a randomly selected example solution to an MEA. They were then asked to compare their review and an expert's review. Students were then assigned a peer team solution to review. An expert later rated the five training examples and 147 team solutions that had been peer reviewed. Differences between the scores assigned by the expert and a student to a training example and a peer team solution were used to compute the student's improvement as reviewer from training to peer review. ANOVA testing with Tukey's post hoc analysis identified differences in improvement based on the training example students saw during training.ResultsStatistically significant differences were found in the number of errors students made during peer review depending on the quality of the example they reviewed in training. Specifically, a low‐quality example and associated expert evaluation resulted in more accurate scoring during peer review.ConclusionsWhile students typically ask to see exemplar solutions, this research suggests that there is likely greater value, for the purpose of training for peer reviewing, in having students see expert evaluations of lower‐quality examples.
Multisite bias correction of precipitation data from regional climate models
Authors: Hnilica Jan , Hanel Martin , Puš Vladimír 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTThe characteristics of precipitation in regional climate model simulations deviate considerably from those of the observed data; therefore, bias correction is a standard part of most climate change impact assessment studies. The standard approach is that the corrections are calibrated and applied separately for individual spatial points and meteorological variables. For this reason, the correlation and covariance structures of the observed and corrected data differ, although the individual observed and corrected data sets correspond well in their statistical indicators. This inconsistency may affect impact studies using corrected simulations.This study presents a new approach to the bias correction utilizing principal components in combination with quantile mapping, which allows for the correction of multivariate data sets. The proposed procedure significantly reduces the bias in covariance and correlation structures, as well as that in the distribution of individual variables. This is in contrast to standard quantile mapping, which only corrects the individual distributions, and leaves the dependence structure biased.
Optimization of polyphenol removal from kiwifruit juice using a macroporous resin
Authors: Gao Zhenpeng , Yu Zhifang , Yue Tianli , Quek Siew Young 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe separation of polyphenols from kiwifruit juice is essential for enhancing sensory properties and prevent the browning reaction in juice during processing and storage.RESULTSThe present study investigated the dynamic adsorption and desorption of polyphenols in kiwifruit juice using AB‐8 resin. The model obtained could be successfully applied to predict the experimental results of dynamic adsorption capacity (DAC) and dynamic desorption quantity (DDQ). The results showed that dynamic adsorption of polyphenols could be optimised in a juice concentration of 19 °Brix, with a feed flow‐rate of 1.3 mL min−1 and a feed volume of 7 bed volume (BV). The optimum conditions for dynamic desorption of polyphenols from the AB‐8 resin were an ethanol concentration of 43% (v/v), an elute flow‐rate of 2.2 mL min−1 and an elute volume of 3 BV. The optimized DAC value was 3.16 g of polyphenols kg−1 resin, whereas that for DDQ was 917.5 g kg−1, with both values being consistent with the predicted values generated by the regression models. The major polyphenols in the dynamic desorption solution consisted of seven compositions.CONCLUSIONThe present study could be scaled‐up using a continuous column system for industrial application, thus contributing to the improved flavor and color of kiwifruit juice. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of browning ratio in an image analysis of apple slices at different stages of instant controlled pressure drop‐assisted hot‐air drying (AD‐DIC)
Authors: Gao Kun , Zhou Linyan , Bi Jinfeng , Yi Jianyong , Wu Xinye , Zhou Mo , Wang Xueyuan , Liu Xuan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDComputer vision‐based image analysis systems are widely used in food processing to evaluate quality changes. They are able to objectively measure the surface colour of various products since, providing some obvious advantages with their objectivity and quantitative capabilities. In this study, a computer vision‐based image analysis system was used to investigate the colour changes of apple slices dried by instant controlled pressure drop‐assisted hot air drying (AD‐DIC).RESULTSThe CIE L* value and polyphenol oxidase activity in apple slices decreased during the entire drying process, whereas other colour indexes, including CIE a*, b*, ΔE and C* values, increased. The browning ratio calculated by image analysis increased during the drying process, and a sharp increment was observed for the DIC process. The change in 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) and fluorescent compounds (FIC) showed the same trend with browning ratio due to Maillard reaction. Moreover, the concentrations of 5‐HMF and FIC both had a good quadratic correlation (R2 > 0.998) with the browning ratio.CONCLUSIONBrowning ratio was a reliable indicator of 5‐HMF and FIC changes in apple slices during drying. The image analysis system could be used to monitor colour changes, 5‐HMF and FIC in dehydrated apple slices during the AD‐DIC process. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparing resource selection and demographic models for predicting animal density
Authors: Street Garrett M. , Rodgers Arthur R. , Avgar Tal , Vander Vennen Lucas M. , Fryxell John M. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTHabitat‐based prediction of population density relies on relationships between landscape configuration (i.e., abundance of land‐cover types) and equilibrium density. This may be accomplished by estimating resource selection probability functions (RSPFs) based on presence–absence data, or by relating carrying capacity to landscape covariates. We used RSPFs for moose (Alces alces) from 2 study sites and carrying capacities from 34 wildlife management units across northern Ontario, Canada, to create 2 estimators of moose density. We compared the predictions of both models to moose density in a novel site obtained via aerial census. We also projected the RSPF across 34 management units and compared predicted density to estimated carrying capacity of each unit. The RSPF and carrying capacity models predicted moose equilibrium densities that were statistically indistinguishable from the estimated density of moose at the novel study site, but the carrying capacity model generated uninformatively broad prediction intervals. The RSPF failed to predict carrying capacities in management units across Ontario; however, the differences between RSPF estimates and carrying capacities varied predictably with differences in covariates related to forage availability, suggesting habitat selection strength and RSPF transferability vary with landscape quality. Estimating densities using RSPFs relies on a consistent relationship between habitat selection and animal density; thus, RSPF applicability across space will depend heavily on similarity between the novel and original sites. Demographic projection benefits from broad spatiotemporal datasets that improve reliability but that are relatively rare and subject to broad error. Our findings suggest that selection‐based population estimation is preferable to demographically based models because of increased precision of estimates, the immediacy of available data (e.g., single survey or radio‐telemetry in multiple sites vs. many generations of population estimates in a time series across space), and the capacity to predict fine‐scale patterns of distribution and abundance. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
A Two‐Step Method for Transferring Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes onto a Hydrogel Substrate
Authors: Imaninezhad Mozhdeh , Kuljanishvili Irma , Zustiak Silviya Petrova 
Published: October 2016

Carbon nanotube (CNT)‐hydrogel nanocomposites are beneficial for various biomedical applications, such as nerve regeneration, tissue engineering, sensing, or implant coatings. Still, there are impediments to developing nanocomposites, including attaining a homogeneous CNT‐polymer dispersion or patterning CNTs on hydrogels. While few approaches have been reported for patterning CNTs on polymeric substrates, these methods include high temperature, high vacuum or utilize a sacrificial layer and, hence, are incompatible with hydrogels as they lead to irreversible collapse in hydrogel structure. In this study, a novel two‐step method is designed to transfer CNTs onto hydrogels. First, dense CNTs are grown on quartz substrates. Subsequently, hydrogel solutions are deposited on the quartz‐grown CNTs. Upon gelation, the hydrogel with transferred CNTs is peeled from the quartz. Successful transfer is confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and indirectly by cell attachment. The efficient transfer is attributed to π‐interactions pregelation between the polymers in solution and the CNTs.image
Fabrication of Thermally Stable Polysulfone Microcapsules Containing [EMIm][NTf2] Ionic Liquid for Enhancement of In Situ Self‐Lubrication Effect of Epoxy
Authors: Li Haiyan , Wang Qing , Wang Huaiyuan , Cui Yexiang , Zhu Yanji , Wang Baohui 
Published: October 2016

Microcapsules containing an ionic liquid (IL) are potential candidate materials for preparing in situ self‐lubricating composites with excellent tribological properties. 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl) sulfonyl]imide ([EMIm]NTf2) IL encapsulated polysulphone microcapsules are synthesized. The mean diameter and wall thickness are about 128 μm and 10 μm, respectively. Microcapsules have excellent thermal stability, with a thermal degradation onset temperature of 440 °C compared to traditional lubricants‐loaded microcapsules. In situ self‐lubricating composites are prepared by incorporating the IL‐encapsulated microcapsules into epoxy matrix. When the concentration of the IL microcapsules is 20 wt%, the frictional coefficient and specific wear rate of composites are reduced by 66.7% and 64.9% under low sliding velocity and middling applied load conditions, respectively, as compared to the neat epoxy. The tribological behavior of the self‐lubricating composites is further assessed in different applied load and sliding velocity conditions. The in situ self‐lubricating mechanism of composites is proposed.image
Minimally clinically important decline in the parkinsonian variant of multiple system atrophy
Authors: Krismer Florian , Seppi Klaus , Wenning Gregor K. , Abler Victor , Papapetropoulos Spyridon , Poewe Werner 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionWe provide the first characterization of the minimally clinically important difference on the Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale in patients with the parkinsonian variant of early MSA.MethodsData from a randomized controlled trial of rasagiline were analyzed using clinical global impression as an anchor. Because too few patients improved with treatment, analyses were limited to defining scale cutoffs that discriminated between minimal worsening and no change.ResultsBased on receiver operating characteristic curves, minimally clinically important differences were 1.5 points on the activities of daily living scale, 1.5 points on the motor scale, and 3.5 points on the total scale.ConclusionsAppreciation of the minimally clinically important difference is important when deciding if statistically significant effects should influence practice. For the Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale, further work is required to establish cutoffs for improvement, extend relevance to cerebellar‐predominant disease, and characterize progression rates at different disease stages. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Increased basal ganglia binding of 18F‐AV‐1451 in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: Smith Ruben , Schain Martin , Nilsson Christer , Strandberg Olof , Olsson Tomas , Hägerström Douglas , Jögi Jonas , Borroni Edilio , Schöll Michael , Honer Michael , Hansson Oskar 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundProgressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is difficult to diagnose accurately. The recently developed tau PET tracers may improve the diagnostic work‐up of PSP.MethodsRegional tau accumulation was studied using 18F‐AV‐1451 PET in 11 patients with PSP and 11 age‐matched healthy controls in the Swedish BioFinder study.Results18F‐AV‐1451 standard uptake volume ratios were significantly higher in the basal ganglia in PSP patients when compared with controls (globus pallidus 1.75 vs 1.50; putamen 1.51 vs 1.35). Retention in the basal ganglia was correlated with age in both groups (r = .43–.78, P < .05). In PSP, we observed a significant correlation between clinical deterioration measured with the PSP rating scale and standard uptake volume ratios in the globus pallidus (r = .74, P < .05). However, no 18F‐AV‐1451 retention was observed in the cerebral cortex or white matter of either PSP patients or controls, and autoradiography did not reveal any specific binding of AV‐1451 to PSP tau aggregates.ConclusionWe found higher 18F‐AV‐1451 retention in the basal ganglia of PSP patients when compared with healthy elderly controls, but also increases with age in both controls and patients. As a result of the overlap in retention between diagnostic groups and the age‐dependent increase present also in controls, 18F‐AV‐1451 PET might not reliably distinguish individual patients with PSP from controls. However, further studies are needed to evaluate whether 18F‐AV‐1451 PET might be useful as a progression marker in clinical PSP trials. © The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Donor nerve sources in free functional gracilis muscle transfer for elbow flexion in adult brachial plexus injury
Authors: Nicoson Michael C. , Franco Michael J. , Tung Thomas H. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundWith complete plexus injuries or late presentation, free functional muscle transfer (FFMT) becomes the primary option of functional restoration. Our purpose is to review cases over a 10‐year period of free functioning gracilis muscle transfer after brachial plexus injury to evaluate the effect of different donor nerves used to reinnervate the FFMT on functional outcome.MethodsA retrospective study from April 2001 to January 2011 of a single surgeon's practice was undertaken. During this time period 22 patients underwent FFMT at Washington University in St Louis, Missouri for elbow flexion.ResultsThirteen patients for whom FFMT was performed for elbow flexion met all of the requirements for inclusion in this study. Average time from injury to first operation was 12.8 months (range 4–60), and average time from injury to FFMT was 29 months (range 8–68). Average follow‐up was 31.8 months (range 11–84). The nerve donors utilized included the distal accessory nerve, intercostal with or without rectus abdominis nerves, medial pectoral nerves, thoracodorsal nerve, and flexor carpi ulnaris fascicle of ulnar nerve. Functional recovery of elbow flexion was measured using the MRC grading system which showed 1 M5/5, 5 M4, 4 M3, and 3 M2 outcomes.ConclusionIntraplexal donor motor nerves if available will provide better transferred muscle function because they are higher quality donors closer to the muscle and can be done in one stage without a nerve graft. Otherwise, intercostal, rectus abdominis, or the distal accessory nerve should be used in a staged fashion. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 37:377–382, 2017.
Translation and reliability and validity testing of a Japanese version of the Intermittent Self‐Catheterization Questionnaire among disposable and reusable catheter users
Authors: Yoshida Mikako , Igawa Yasuhiko , Higashimura Shiho , Suzuki Motofumi , Niimi Aya , Sanada Hiromi 
Published: October 2016

AimsQuality of life in the context of intermittent self‐catheterization varies depending on the type of catheter used. This study translated into Japanese, evaluated the feasibility, reliability, and validity of the Intermittent Self‐Catheterization Questionnaire (ISC‐Q) among users of both reusable and disposable catheters, and examined the differences of it between them.MethodsSeventy patients (age mean ± SD: 62.8 ± 17.7 years) completed the Japanese version of the ISC‐Q (J‐ISC‐Q) at baseline and 4 weeks later. Spearman's correlation coefficients between the J‐ISC‐Q, and Qualiveen® and the SF‐12 were used for the translated scale's discriminant and convergent validity. Reliability was evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), the Bland–Altman method, and Cronbach's alpha.ResultsParticipants answered all questionnaire items with no difficulties. Scores on the convenience domain were significantly higher among reusable compared to disposable catheter users (P = 0.039). The J‐ISC‐Q had significantly strong correlations with the Qualiveen® total scale (ρ = −0.712 to −0.237), but weak correlations with the SF‐12 total scale (ρ = −0.231 to 0.474). Internal consistency was good (Cronbach's alphas > 0.706), and test–retest reliability was acceptable (ICC > 0.6) for the total scale and the four J‐ISC‐Q domains. The Bland–Altman analysis showed no systematic error between scores at baseline and 4 weeks later for the total scale and four domains of the J‐ISC‐Q.ConclusionsThe J‐ISC‐Q has acceptable reliability and validity for assessing both reusable and disposable catheter users, and can be used to promote tailored individualized interventions based on the impact of catheter use.
Incontinence in persons with Down Syndrome
Authors: Niemczyk Justine , von Gontard Alexander , Equit Monika , Medoff David , Wagner Catharina , Curfs Leopold 
Published: October 2016

AimsTo assess the rates of incontinence and associated psychological problems in children, adolescents and adults with Down Syndrome, a genetic syndrome caused by partial or complete triplication (trisomy) of chromosome 21 and characterized by typical facial features, a physical growth delay and mild or moderate intellectual disability.MethodsThree hundred and seventeen persons with Down Syndrome (4‐51 years) were recruited through a German parent support group (59.6% male, mean age 19.2 years). The Parental Questionnaire: Enuresis/Urinary Incontinence, the Incontinence Questionnaire‐Pediatric Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms, as well as the Developmental Behavior Checklist (DBC) for parents or for adults were filled out by parents or care‐givers.Results17.2% of the sample had nocturnal enuresis, 15.9% had daytime urinary incontinence, and 14.2% had fecal incontinence. Incontinence was present in 64.0% of young children (4‐12 years), 10.3% of teens (13‐17 years), 12.8% of young adults (18‐30 years) and in 22.4% of older adults (>30 years). 13.6% of children and 8.4% of adults had a DBC score in the clinical range. 19.5% of children and 27.8% of adults with incontinence had behavioral problems. There was a significant association between nocturnal enuresis, daytime urinary incontinence and clinical DBC scores in adults.ConclusionsIncontinence in Down Syndrome is mainly present in young children and increases in older adults. Behavioral comorbidity is associated with incontinence only in adults with Down Syndrome. Screening and treatment of incontinence in individuals with Down Syndrome is recommended.
Impact of intravesical onabotulinumtoxinA on sexual function in women with OAB
Authors: Miotla Pawel , Cartwright Rufus , Skorupska Katarzyna , Bogusiewicz Michal , Markut‐Miotla Ewa , Futyma Konrad , Rechberger Tomasz 
Published: October 2016

AimsUrgency urinary incontinence (UUI), and the symptoms of overactive bladder (OAB) have a negative impact on female sexual function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intravesical onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox) injection on sexual function in women with OAB, using the multi domain Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire.MethodsSixty‐eight sexually active women with idiopathic OAB with at least one episode of UUI and ≥8 micturitions per 24 h were recruited. Patients completed the FSFI questionnaire before and 12 weeks after treatment with intravesical onabotulinumtoxinA injections. Baseline scores were compared with a control group of age‐matched healthy women.ResultsFifty‐six women completed the study. At baseline OAB patients reported decreased quality of sexual function in all domains measured with FSFI, in comparison to healthy women (median 21.8 vs. 26.3, P < 0.001). Over 90% of participants reported clinically relevant improvements in sexual function, with statistically significant changes in mean scores in all six domains.ConclusionsIntravesical Botox injections provide improvement in sexual function in women with OAB. Neurourol. Urodynam. 9999:XX–XX, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.