bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recalibration Techniques for Accurate Determinations of Formation Pore Pressures From Shale Resistivity
Authors: Weakley R. R. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Techniques for estimating formation pore pressures from relative changes in log derived shale properties have been in the industry and accepted for years. The basic premise, of course, is that, at depth, shale porosity is a function of the pore fluid pressure and the log derived shale properties are a function of the shale porosity. There are difficulties, however, in that there are other factors which can influence the log properties of shales than just porosity alone. For this reason, the determination of formation pore pressures from log properties can be difficult and inaccurate.
Recalibration techniques and considerations have been developed for the various log derived properties typically used in the industry, however this paper will focus on those affecting shale resistivity, or conductivity if you prefer. In particular, the effects of changes in formation salinities and the effects of multiple log runs are the significant factors which have been addressed and dealt with. As increasing pore pressures are encountered, shale resistivities decrease as an indication of increasing pressure. However, if the formation water salinity increases, the shale resistivity will also drop, complicating the analysis. Also, as we set each string of casing, we log each subsequently smaller hole with a different log tool, probably a different logging engineer and in many cases with an entirely different logging unit. These changes which occur at each log run also result in difficulty in pore pressure determinations across these intervals.
This method addresses the effect of changing salinities and log runs and enables one to accurately determine formation pore pressures from shale resistivity and conductivity trends. The technique has been utilized on hundreds of wells throughout the Gulf of Mexico with great success. Typically pore pressure determinations are within a few tenths of a pound per gallon of measured pore pressures in the adjacent virgin sands.
Impact of Solvent Injection Strategy and Reservoir Description on Hydrocarbon Miscible EOR for the Prudhoe Bay Unit, Alaska
Authors: Dawson A. G. , Jackson D. D. , Buskirk D. L. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
A large hydrocarbon miscible flood of the Sadlerochit and Sag River sandstones is now in progress at the Prudhoe Bay Unit. The current miscible flood area includes more than 50 patterns, with the potential for flooding more than 100 patterns. Process design is complicated by a highly variable reservoir description and an uncertain level of vertical communication. A reservoir simulation study was made to determine EOR sensitivity to reservoir description, solvent injection rate, and solvent bank size. Results from this study were used to develop a solvent injection strategy that maximized EOR benefits within the limitations of solvent availability.
The simulation study used 11 basic models. Each model was designed to represent a geological subset of the actual EOR patterns. The design sensitivity matrix consisted of two vertical permeability assumptions, two solvent injection rates, and at least two solvent bank sizes. Solvent efficiency as a function of solvent bank size was determined for half of the above cases.
Miscible EOR was shown to be a strong function of reservoir description and vertical permeability. Permeability distribution within the formation was a key variable in determining the relative performance of a pattern. Less important was the impact of solvent injection rate (WAG ratio) on miscible EOR. A procedure was developed to estimate the optimum solvent bank size for each of the project patterns as a function of the cumulative solvent supply.
MAPPING CO GAS IN THE GG TAURI A TRIPLE SYSTEM WITH 50 au SPATIAL RESOLUTION
Authors: Tang Ya-Wen , Dutrey Anne , Guilloteau Stéphane , Chapillon Edwige , Pietu Vincent , Di Folco Emmanuel , Bary Jeff , Beck Tracy , Beust Hervé , Boehler Yann , Gueth Fréderic , Huré Jean-Marc , Pierens Arnaud , Simon Michal 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
We aim to unveil the observational imprint of physical mechanisms that govern planetary formation in the young, multiple system GG Tau A. We present ALMA observations of 12CO and 13CO 3–2 and 0.9 mm continuum emission with 0.″35 resolution. The 12CO 3–2 emission, found within the cavity of the circumternary dust ring (at radius <180 au) where no 13CO emission is detected, confirms the presence of CO gas near the circumstellar disk of GG Tau Aa. The outer disk and the recently detected hot spot lying at the outer edge of the dust ring are mapped both in 12CO and 13CO. The gas emission in the outer disk can be radially decomposed as a series of slightly overlapping Gaussian rings, suggesting the presence of unresolved gaps or dips. The dip closest to the disk center lies at a radius very close to the hot spot location at ∼250–260 au. The CO excitation conditions indicate that the outer disk remains in the shadow of the ring. The hot spot probably results from local heating processes. The two latter points reinforce the hypothesis that the hot spot is created by an embedded proto-planet shepherding the outer disk.
PLUTO’S ATMOSPHERE FROM THE 2015 JUNE 29 GROUND-BASED STELLAR OCCULTATION AT THE TIME OF THE NEW HORIZONS FLYBY*
Authors: Sicardy B. , Talbot J. , Meza E. , Camargo J. I. B. , Desmars J. , Gault D. , Herald D. , Kerr S. , Pavlov H. , Braga-Ribas F. , Assafin M. , Benedetti-Rossi G. , Dias-Oliveira A. , Gomes-Júnior A. R. , Vieira-Martins R. , Bérard D. , Kervella P. , Lecacheux J. , Lellouch E. , Beisker W. , Dunham D. , Jelínek M. , Duffard R. , Ortiz J. L. , Castro-Tirado A. J. , Cunniffe R. , Querel R. , Yock P. C. , Cole A. A. , Giles A. B. , Hill K. M. , Beaulieu J. P. , Harnisch M. , Jansen R. , Pennell A. , Todd S. , Allen W. H. , Graham P. B. , Loader B. , McKay G. , Milner J. , Parker S. , Barry M. A. , Bradshaw J. , Broughton J. , Davis L. , Devillepoix H. , Drummond J. , Field L. , Forbes M. , Giles D. , Glassey R. , Groom R. , Hooper D. , Horvat R. , Hudson G. , Idaczyk R. , Jenke D. , Lade B. , Newman J. , Nosworthy P. , Purcell P. , Skilton P. F. , Streamer M. , Unwin M. , Watanabe H. , White G. L. , Watson D. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
We present results from a multi-chord Pluto stellar occultation observed on 2015 June 29 from New Zealand and Australia. This occurred only two weeks before the NASA New Horizons flyby of the Pluto system and serves as a useful comparison between ground-based and space results. We find that Pluto's atmosphere is still expanding, with a significant pressure increase of 5 ± 2% since 2013 and a factor of almost three since 1988. This trend rules out, as of today, an atmospheric collapse associated with Pluto's recession from the Sun. A central flash, a rare occurrence, was observed from several sites in New Zealand. The flash shape and amplitude are compatible with a spherical and transparent atmospheric layer of roughly 3 km in thickness whose base lies at about 4 km above Pluto's surface, and where an average thermal gradient of about 5 K km−1 prevails. We discuss the possibility that small departures between the observed and modeled flash are caused by local topographic features (mountains) along Pluto's limb that block the stellar light. Finally, using two possible temperature profiles, and extrapolating our pressure profile from our deepest accessible level down to the surface, we obtain a possible range of 11.9–13.7 μbar for the surface pressure.
Prevalence of Type of Frenal Attachment and Morphology of Frenum in Children, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Christabel S Linda 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Background
Labial frenum is a dynamic structure and is subject to variation in size, shape and position. The type of the maxillary labial frenal attachment and its morphology in children in Chennai has not been studied extensively. The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to examine the prevalence of the various types of maxillary frenal attachments and its morphology in children in Chennai.

Materials and methods
A study involving 931 Children between 3 and 12 years of age attending schools in Chennai were clinically examined for maxillary labial frenal attachment location and morphology under direct visual method. Parents were provided with informed consent. Demographic details including age and sex were recorded.

Results
Total number of children who were examined were 931. The most prevalent type of frenal attachment among all is gingival type followed by mucosal type of attachment. 49.5% were gingival type, 38.8% were mucosal type, 9.8% were papillary type and 1.9% were papillary penetrating type. The prevalence type had no gender difference but the age had significant association. The occurrence of papillary penetrating type decreases with age. The most prevalent morphological type is simple frenum 97% followed by simple frenum with nodule which is 2.6% and bifid labial frenum which is 0.4%.

Conclusion
The prevalent type among Chennai children is gingival type. The papillary penetrating type of frenal attachment decreases with age. The dentists should correlate the age of the child and type of frenal attachment and morphological variations during their clinical examination to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment.

How to cite this article
Christabel SL, Gurunathan D. Prevalence of Type of Frenal Attachment and Morphology of Frenum in Children, Chennai, Tamil Nadu. World J Dent 2015;6(4):203-207.
Root Canal Irrigants in Primary Teeth
Authors: Vora Miloni S , Nihal Nidhi K , Ramachandra Jaya Agali 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
The endodontic triad consists of cleaning and shaping, disinfection and obturation. Success of root canal therapy in primary teeth is mainly achieved by thorough removal of debris and necrotic tissue. However, complete elimination of bacterial contaminants as well as necrotic debris require adjunctive use of root canal irrigants along with mechanical instrumentation. As we know from literature that none of the available irrigating solutions alone provides all the ideal requirements. Studies have shown that a combination of two or more irrigating solutions in a specific sequence will help to achieve optimal irrigation. This review article mainly highlights the mechanism of action, safety and biocompatibility of currently used irrigation solutions and also the other materials that can be used as a potent irrigants, their advantages and limitations in future of endodontics.

How to cite this article
Ramachandra JA, Nihal NK, Nagarathna C, Vora MS. Root Canal Irrigants in Primary Teeth. World J Dent 2015;6(3):229-234.
Sterile Feminine Hygiene Sanitary Napkin Dressing in the Management of Ludwig's Angina
Authors: Waknis Pushkar , Prasad GSV , Limaye Gandhali 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Dry environment plays a very important role in the healing of infections. Commercially available sanitary pads were sterilized individually using ethylene trioxide (ETO) for 24 hours and used as dressing material in 10 Ludwig's angina patients. When compared with conventional gauze dressing, it showed significantly less number of dressing changes. We recommend its use as an alternative absorbent wound material for head and neck infections.

How to cite this article
Waknis P, Sarode SC, Prasad GSV, Limaye G, Sarode GS. Sterile Feminine Hygiene Sanitary Napkin Dressing in the Management of Ludwig's Angina. World J Dent 2015;6(4):239-240.
True Pulp Stones in Compound Odontome: An Unusual Finding
Authors: Anand Rahul , Waknis Pushkar 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Calcifications within dental pulp are not a rare phenomenon. Rarely, they can be seen in association with dentin dysplasia type II, pulpal dysplasia, tumoral calcinosis, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type I, Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, Elfin-Facies syndrome, familial expansile osteolysis, osteogenesis imperfecta type I and otodental syndrome. We came across a case of compound odontome in the maxillary posterior region with multiple true pulp stone formation at the microscopic level. Such an unusual association has not been reported in the English medical literature till date.

How to cite this article
Sarode GS, Sarode SC, Anand R, Waknis P. True Pulp Stones in Compound Odontome: An Unusual Finding. World J Dent 2015;6(4):241-242.
Re-anatomization of Conoid and Deciduous Lateral Incisors with Direct Composite Resin
Authors: Santezi Carolina , de Andrade Marcelo Ferrarezi , Bortolatto Janaína Freitas , Floros Michael Christopher , Dovigo Lívia Nordi 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Discrepancies in tooth size and shape are commonly encountered in the dental clinic, and the conoids lateral incisors are among the most affected. This anomaly affects approximately 1% of the population and it strongly influences the disharmonic characteristics in the smile. This paper reports a clinical case describing a correct diagnosis, planning and the subsequent esthetic treatment of asymmetric lateral incisors using direct composite resin.

How to cite this article
Santezi C, Bortolatto JF, Floros MC, de Andrade MF, Dovigo LN. Reanatomization of Conoid and Deciduous Lateral Incisors with Direct Composite Resin. World J Dent 2016;7(1):4146.
Especificação de sistema de informação de microáreas de risco utilizando a abordagem orientada a objetos
Authors: Stein Júnior Altair Von , Malucelli Andreia , Bastos Laudelino Cordeiro 
Published: March 2016

O programa de saúde da família é uma estratégia que norteia a assistência à saúde por meio de ações assistenciais, educacionais, de promoção e prevenção aos agravos à saúde. Como método de trabalho as equipes realizam o reconhecimento da comunidade buscando identificar áreas de maior risco à saúde para planejarem ações. Para isso são obtidos dados de diversos sistemas de informação, entretanto, esses sistemas nem sempre permitem a aquisição de dados atualizados ou referentes às condições de áreas específicas. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é apresentar a especificação de um sistema de informação referente às condições ambientais e de infra-estrutura contidas na microárea contribuindo para o armazenamento e recuperação de informações de maneira atualizada e específica. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de desenvolvimento realizada em Curitiba de Janeiro a Junho/2007, onde foi realizado brainstorm para definir os requisitos do sistema e a linguagem de modelagem unificada (UML) para a sua especificação. Como resultados foram obtidos os diagramas de casos de uso, diagramas de sequência e diagrama de classes. A implantação de um sistema com as características propostas neste estudo pode agilizar o processo de planejamento local e auxiliar na análise da relação entre ambiente e saúde, com dados atualizados.
Deep Sclerectomy in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and Exfoliative Glaucoma
Authors: Suominen Sakari M.A. , Harju Mika P. , Vesti Eija T. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose To study the effect of deep sclerectomy (DS) in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and exfoliative glaucoma (EXG). Methods We retrospectively analyzed the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effect of DS in 235 consecutive eyes. Eyes were divided into 2 groups according to glaucoma subtype: POAG (127 eyes) and EXG (108 eyes). Postoperative IOP was the main outcome measurement. We recorded complete and qualified surgical success, need for YAG-laser goniopuncture, and need for postoperative glaucoma medication. We studied factors related to outcome of surgery in a Cox regression model. Results In the POAG group, the mean (SD) IOP decreased from 22.6 (5.1) mm Hg preoperatively to 16.8 (7.5) mm Hg, with qualified success achieved in 70% of eyes. Postoperatively, 57% were without medication. In the EXG group, IOP decreased from 25.5 (6.5) mm Hg preoperatively to 16.5 (7.8) mm Hg postoperatively, with qualified success achieved in 66% of eyes. Postoperatively, 50% were without medication. Decrease in IOP was statistically significant in both groups (p<0.001). In the POAG group, 12%, and in the EXG group, 24% needed a reoperation in the follow-up period (p = 0.037). In the Cox regression model, 1 week IOP between 2 and 14 mm Hg without medication lowered the hazard rate of losing complete success by 34% (p = 0.031) and the hazard rate of losing qualified success by 54% (p = 0.004). Conclusions The IOP 1 week postoperatively seems to be a prominent indicator of surgical success. Deep sclerectomy is effective in reducing IOP in POAG and EXG subgroups, with reoperations more common in EXG eyes.
Risk Factors for Visual Impairment in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease in London
Authors: Saidkasimova Shohista , Shalchi Zaid , Mahroo Omar A. , Shunmugam Manoharan , Laidlaw D. Alistair H. , Williamson Tom H. , Howard Joanna , Mohamed Moin D. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose Dramatically improved health care in recent years has increased the life expectancy of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) as well as the prognosis for its ocular complications. We sought to identify risk factors for visual impairment in patients with SCD in London 4 decades after Goldberg's seminal studies. Methods Patients 16 years and older with SCD (genotypes HbSS, HbSC, HbSβ-thalassemia) attending hematology and ophthalmology services were offered ocular examination. Retinopathy was graded according to the Goldberg classification. Visual impairment was defined as corrected distance visual acuity of 20/40 or poorer. Results In total, 182 eyes of 182 patients (mean ± SD age, 37.2 ± 12.8 years; female, 65.9%) were included. Women were significantly older than men (mean ± SD age, 38.8 ± 13.1 vs 34.2 ± 11.8 years; p = 0.0174). There was no difference in mean age of each genotype group (p>0.15). Risk factors for sight-threatening proliferative sickle retinopathy (PSR) were age over 35 years (odds ratio [OR] 2.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-3.89; p = 0.0359) and HbSC genotype (OR 4.06; 95% CI 2.07-7.98; p<0.0001). Although visual impairment was related to the presence of sight-threatening PSR (OR 7.23; 95% CI 1.50-35.0; p = 0.0138), it was not related to hemoglobin genotype (p>0.50). Conclusions We present the largest study of ocular findings in SCD in the United Kingdom. Sight-threatening PSR is a risk factor for visual impairment, but hemoglobin genotype status is not.
Efficacy and Safety of Postvitrectomy Intravitreal Triamcinolone Therapy for Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Costa José F. , Sousa Keissy , Marques João P. , Marques Marco , Cachulo Maria Luz , Silva Rufino , Gomes Nuno , Figueira João 
Published: March 2016

Purpose After vitrectomy, diffusion and clearance rates of numerous drugs are increased, leading to a shorter intravitreal half-life. This raises doubts about the efficacy of intravitreal therapies, as retina specialists generally believe that a shorter half-life compromises the drugs’ therapeutic effect. We conducted a study to evaluate the functional and anatomical effect of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide therapy (IVTA) in previously vitrectomized eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods In this retrospective, multicenter case series study including vitrectomized patients with DME who underwent IVTA injections, central macular thickness (CMT) measured with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters were evaluated after each procedure. All relevant medical data were collected, including previous ophthalmologic treatments and comorbidities. Results Twenty vitrectomized eyes of 20 patients, mean age 58.1 years (range 40-72 years), were enrolled in the study. All patients presented DME and received at least one IVTA injection. Mean time between pars plana vitrectomy and IVTA was 12.9 ± 8.7 months. Mean pretreatment and posttreatment CMT was 438.8 ± 90.8 μm and 301.2 ± 76.2 μm, respectively, a difference that reached statistical significance (p<0.001). Mean gain in BCVA letter score was 7.83 ± 14.9 letters after treatment (p = 0.039). Mean intraocular pressure was significantly increased after IVTA (17.2 ± 1.9 mm Hg at baseline vs 21.2 ± 4.59 mm Hg after IVTA, p = 0.002). Conclusions A positive anatomical and functional effect was observed in our cohort. Our results suggest that, despite prior vitrectomy, triamcinolone remains a valid therapeutic approach for eyes with persistent DME. Further prospective randomized studies with larger patient samples are needed to validate this conclusion.
Expectation and Quality of Life after Aortic Valve Replacement over 85 Years of Age Match those of the Contemporary General Population
Authors: Salsano Antonio , Regesta Tommaso , Viganò Gaia , Rapetto Filippo , Boeddu Serena , Sportelli Elena , Pansini Stefano , Risso Paolo , Onorati Francesco , Passerone Giancarlo , Santini Francesco 
Published: March 2016

Background In the transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) years, very elderly patients with aortic stenosis (AS) are referred to surgery with reluctance despite excellent hospital outcomes. A poorly assessed outcome of discharged survivors might further overlook the actual efficacy of the surgical strategy in this cohort. We thus evaluated life-expectancy and functional results in discharged survivors over 85 years operated on for AS. Methods Between January 2001 and December 2013, 57 consecutive patients aged ≥85 years underwent aortic valve replacement (AVR) with or without concomitant procedures at our institution. Late survival rate (SR), New York Heart Associaion (NYHA) functional class and quality of life (RAND SF-36) were assessed. SR and quality of life (QoL) were than compared to the contemporary general population matched for age and gender, as calculated by the Italian National Institute of Statistics. Results Overall in-hospital mortality was 8.8% (5 pts). In patients without concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), in-hospital mortality was 2.9%. Survival at 5 and 9 years was 57.7 ± 8.4% and 17.9 ± 11.4%, respectively. No predictors of late mortality including concomitant CABG were identified at Cox analysis. The mean NYHA class for long-term survivors improved from 3.1 to 1.6 (p<0.001). Survivors reported better QoL-scores compared to the age- and gender-matched contemporary general population in 4 RAND SF-36 domains. Life-expectancy resulted comparable to that predicted for the age and gender-matched general population. Conclusions Isolated AVR in patients aged ≥85 years can be performed with acceptable risk. Survivors improve in NYHA class and, when compared to age- and gender-matched individuals, show a similar life expectancy and a no lower QoL.