bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geodetic Evidence for Distributed Shear Below the Brittle Crust of the Walker Lane, Western United States
Authors: Miller N. M. , Kreemer C. , Hammond W. C. , Blewitt G. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractModels of active deformation of the Earth's crust are predominantly represented with dislocations having a downdip continuation into the lower crust, where the fault slips continuously. This model predicts surface strain accumulation concentrated near the fault during the interseismic period. In an alternative model, faults do not extend beneath the elastic portion of the crust and are accompanied by a wide zone of distributed shear underneath, predicting a more constant strain rate lacking concentrations at the faults. We use high‐precision GPS data collected across the northern and central Walker Lane, USA— a region of complex faulting near the western edge of the Basin and Range Province to evaluate which model is appropriate. Despite the existence of dense continuous and semi‐continuous geodetic networks that have been surveyed for ∼20 years, the horizontal velocities reveal no evidence of localized strain accumulation across the fault surface expressions. Instead, deformation within the Walker Lane is uniformly linear, suggesting that the surface deformation reflects distributed shear within the ductile crust rather than focused deformation at faults. This suggests no downdip extension of the faults below the seismogenic layer. The shear zone is 172 ± 6 km wide in the northernmost Walker Lane narrowing to 116 ± 4 km in the central Walker Lane. The total velocity budget across the shear zone is 7.2 ± 0.1 mm/yr in the north, increasing to 10.1 ± 0.1 mm/yr in the central Walker Lane. We conclude that assuming the presence of lower crustal dislocations when estimating geodetic faults slip rates may be inappropriate.
Seawater Intrusion Inhibits Nitrate Removal in Tidal Marsh Aquifers
Authors: Luo Zhaoyang , Kong Jun , Yu Xiayang , Gao Chao , Barry D. A. , Fatichi Simone 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTidal freshwater marshes are threatened by seawater intrusion globally due to freshwater discharge reduction and sea‐level rise. However, terrestrial nitrate (NO3−) transport responding to seawater intrusion remains poorly understood in tidal marshes. After validation against laboratory experiments, numerical simulations were conducted to analyze seawater intrusion effects on terrestrial NO3− transport and transformation in tidal marsh aquifers. Results reveal that seawater intrusion noticeably affects NO3− transport from the marsh aquifer to the tidal creek. Seawater intrusion results in an upper saline plume and a saltwater wedge within the aquifer, which markedly narrows the discharge outlet width of the NO3− plume and intensifies the peak NO3− flux across the creek bank. Consequently, both the NO3− removal efficiency and total nitrogen gas load to the creek decrease substantially after seawater intrusion. This is because the reduction of the transit time and the mixing zone width of the NO3− plume after seawater intrusion weakens denitrification. Sensitivity analyses indicate that the difference of the NO3− removal efficiency before and after seawater intrusion depends on soil properties. A larger unsaturated flow effect, saturated hydraulic conductivity or effective porosity leads to a greater difference of the NO3− removal efficiency before and after seawater intrusion. The predicted decrease of the NO3− removal efficiency after seawater intrusion is consistent with existing field data.
Uncovering convergence and divergence between autism and schizophrenia using genomic tools and patients’ neurons
Authors: Romanovsky Eva , Choudhary Ashwani , Peles David , Abu-Akel Ahmad , Stern Shani 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are highly heritable and result in abnormal repetitive behaviors and impairment in communication and cognitive skills. Previous studies have focused on the genetic correlation between ASDs and other neuropsychiatric disorders, but an in-depth understanding of the correlation to other disorders is required. We conducted an extensive meta-analysis of common variants identified in ASDs by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and compared it to the consensus genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Schizophrenia (SCZ). We found approximately 75% of the GWAS genes that are associated with ASD are also associated with SCZ. We further investigated the cellular phenotypes of neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) models in ASD and SCZ. Our findings revealed that ASD and SCZ neurons initially follow divergent developmental trajectories compared to control neurons. However, despite these early diametrical differences, both ASD and SCZ neurons ultimately display similar deficits in synaptic activity as they mature. This significant genetic overlap between ASD and SCZ, coupled with the convergence towards similar synaptic deficits, highlights the intricate interplay of genetic and developmental factors in shaping the shared underlying mechanisms of these complex neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders.
Highly sensitive magnetic particle imaging of abdominal aortic aneurysm NETosis with anti-Ly6G iron oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Heng , Zhang Ruijing , Jia Xiaohua , Gao Siqi , Gao Tingting , Fan Keyi , Li Yaling , Wang Shule , Qiao Maolin , Yan Sheng , Hui Hui , Dong Honglin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAbdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are a significant health concern in developed countries due to their considerable mortality rate. The crucial factor of the progression of AAA is the release of neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a new imaging technique that offers the capability to detect superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) with exceptional sensitivity. We aimed to investigate the functional imaging of MPI for the detection and monitoring of neutrophil infiltration within AAA. A novel multimodal imaging agent targeting neutrophils, PEG-Fe3O4-Ly6G–Cy7 nanoparticles (Ly6G NPs), were designed by coupling Fe3O4 nanoparticles with Ly6G antibodies and Cy7. The targeting and sensitivity of Ly6G NPs were assessed using MPI and fluorescence imaging (FLI) in the AAA mouse model. After the inhibition of NETosis, the degree of neutrophil infiltration and AAA severity were assessed using MPI with Ly6G NPs. Ly6G NPs accurately localized and quantitatively analyzed AAA lesion sites in mice using MPI/FLI/CT. Compared to the control group, elevated MPI and FLI signal intensities were detected at the abdominal aortic lesion site, and neutrophil infiltration and NETs accumulation were detected by histological analysis in the AAA models. After the inhibition of NETs accumulation in vivo, pathological damage in the abdominal aorta was significantly reduced, along with a decrease in the accumulation of Ly6G NPs and MPI signals. This multimodal MPI strategy revealed that nanoparticles targeting Ly6G can be used to detect neutrophil infiltration within AAA and monitor AAA severity.
Opportunities and challenges for global food safety in advancing circular policies and practices in agrifood systems
Authors: Pearson Andrew J. , Mukherjee Keya , Fattori Vittorio , Lipp Markus 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSustainable agrifood systems are needed to provide safe and nutritious food for the growing world’s population. To improve sustainability, transforming linear policies and practices in agrifood systems into circularity will be critical, with food safety considerations key for the success of this shift. This review provides a synthesis of the current and emerging risks, data gaps, and opportunities for food safety in agrifood initiatives aiming to advance circular economy models.
Dynamic scheduling of hybrid flow shop problem with uncertain process time and flexible maintenance using NeuroEvolution of Augmenting Topologies
Authors: Chen Yarong , Zhang Junjie , Rauf Mudassar , Mumtaz Jabir , Huang Shenquan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA hybrid flow shop is pivotal in modern manufacturing systems, where various emergencies and disturbances occur within the smart manufacturing context. Efficiently solving the dynamic hybrid flow shop scheduling problem (HFSP), characterised by dynamic release times, uncertain job processing times, and flexible machine maintenance has become a significant research focus. A NeuroEvolution of Augmenting Topologies (NEAT) algorithm is proposed to minimise the maximum completion time. To improve the NEAT algorithm's efficiency and effectiveness, several features were integrated: a multi‐agent system with autonomous interaction and centralised training to develop the parallel machine scheduling policy, a maintenance‐related scheduling action for optimal maintenance decision learning, and a proactive scheduling action to avoid waiting for jobs at decision moments, thereby exploring a broader solution space. The performance of the trained NEAT model was experimentally compared with the Deep Q‐Network (DQN) and five classical priority dispatching rules (PDRs) across various problem scales. The results show that the NEAT algorithm achieves better solutions and responds more quickly to dynamic changes than DQN and PDRs. Furthermore, generalisation test results demonstrate NEAT's rapid problem‐solving ability on test instances different from the training set.
SpeechMatch—A novel digital approach to supporting communication for neurodiverse groups
Authors: Lennard Sarah , Tromans Samuel J. , Taub Robert , Mitchell Sarah , Shankar Rohit 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCommunication can be a challenge for a significant minority of the population. Those with intellectual disability, autism, or Stroke survivors can encounter significant problems and stigma in their communication abilities leading to worse health and social outcomes. SpeechMatch (https://www.speechmatch.com/) is a digital App which is a pragmatic mobile language training platform that teaches individuals to “match” critical components of conversation and looks to provides subjects with immediate visual feedback to shape identification and expression of emotion in speech. While it has been used in autistic people there has been no systematic exploration of its strengths and weaknesses. Further, it's potential to afford improvements in communication to other vulnerable groups such as intellectual disability or Stroke survivors has not been explored. This study looked to understand acceptability from people with intellectual disability and/or autism and those recovering from a stroke on the utility and scope of SpeechMatch using co‐production techniques using experts by experience and a mixed methods evaluation. Results across four domains suggest high acceptability levels but highlighting needs for platform capabilities improvement and better user engagement. The study outlines a vital and essential aspect for improving SpeechMatch. It gives a template for evidenced based quality improvement of similar devices.
An efficient and secure quantum blind signature‐based electronic cash transaction scheme
Authors: Gupta Aman , Chandra Gunja Venkat , Das Nayana , Paul Goutam 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe authors present a novel token exchange scheme with an example of an electronic cash (eCash) transaction scheme that ensures quantum security, addressing the vulnerabilities of existing models in the face of quantum computing threats. The authors’ comprehensive analysis of various quantum blind signature mechanisms revealed significant shortcomings in their applicability to eCash transactions and their resilience against quantum adversaries. In response, the authors drew inspiration from D. Chaum's original classical eCash scheme and innovated a quantum‐secure transaction framework. The authors detail the developed protocol and rigorously evaluate its security aspects. The protocol's adherence to critical security requirements such as blindness, non‐forgeability, non‐deniability, and prevention of double spending is analysed. Moreover, the scheme against Intercept and Resend, Denial of Service, Man‐in‐the‐Middle, and Entangle‐and‐Measure attacks is rigorously tested. The authors’ findings indicate a robust eCash transaction model capable of withstanding the challenges posed by quantum computing advancements.
RedDots: Limits on habitable and undetected planets orbiting nearby stars GJ 832, GJ 674, and Ross 128
Authors: Liebing F. , Jeffers S. V. , Gorrini P. , Haswell C. A. , Dreizler S. , Barnes J. R. , Hartogh C. , Koseleva V. , Del Sordo F. , Amado P. J. , Caballero J. A. , López-González M. J. , Morales N. , Reiners A. , Ribas I. , Quirrenbach A. , Rodríguez E. , Tal-Or L. , Tsapras Y. 
Published: September 2024

Context. The nearby (d < 5 pc) M dwarfs GJ 832, GJ 674, and Ross 128 each host a single exoplanet, with Ross 128 b located within the optimistic habitable zone. Due to their low mass and close proximity, these three systems are prime candidates for further characterization studies.
Aims. Using HARPS spectroscopic data obtained by the RedDots campaign, as well as archival data from HARPS and CARMENES, supplemented with ASH2 and T90 photometry, we aim to search for additional planets in the three systems. We also aim to determine limits on possible undetected, habitable planets. We investigate (i) the reliability of the recovered orbital eccentricities and (ii) the reliability of Bayesian evidence as a diagnostic for selecting the best model.
Methods. We employed Markov-chain Monte Carlo, nested sampling, and Gaussian process (GP) analyses to fit a total of 20 different models comprising 0–2 Keplerian signals and three different GP kernels for stellar activity. We used the residuals to create grids for injection-recovery simulations to obtain detection limits on potentially undiscovered planets.
Results. Our refined orbital elements for GJ 832 b, GJ 674 b, and Ross 128 b confirm (GJ 832, GJ 674) or increase (Ross 128) prior eccentricity determinations. No additional planets were found in any of the systems. The detection limits obtained for all three systems are between 30 and 50 cm s−1 for orbital periods in the range of 1–10 000 days. This corresponds to habitable planet masses of <1.5M⊕for GJ 832 and < 1M⊕ for GJ 674 and Ross 128. Using N-body simulations, we find that undiscovered secondary planets are unlikely (Ross 128) or incapable (GJ 674) of having caused the observed eccentricities of the known planets. We find that the eccentricity of GJ 832b is not significantly different from zero.
Conclusions. GJ 832 b, GJ 674 b, and Ross 128 b retain their status as hosting lonely and (for the latter two) eccentric planets (e = 0.04, 0.24, 0.21; respectively). This is unexpected in classical planet formation scenarios, which favor circular orbits and multiplanet configurations, demonstrating that planet formation in these cases is more complicated than traditionally thought. Additionally, the eccentricity of Ross 128 indicates that it spends some of its orbit outside of the optimistic habitable zone. Finally, our results show that Bayesian evidence, when used in conjunction with GP, is not a robust diagnostic for selecting the best model in cases of low- activity stars. In such cases, we advise an inspection of the shapes of the posterior distributions and to ensure that relevant simulations are performed to assess the validity of the perceived best model.
ESPRESSO reveals blueshifted neutral iron emission lines on the dayside of WASP-76 b
Authors: Costa Silva A.R. , Demangeon O. D. S. , Santos N. C. , Ehrenreich D. , Lovis C. , Chakraborty H. , Lendl M. , Pepe F. , Cristiani S. , Rebolo R. , Zapatero-Osorio M. R. , Adibekyan V. , Alibert Y. , Allart R. , Allende Prieto C. , Azevedo Silva T. , Borsa F. , Bourrier V. , Cristo E. , Di Marcantonio P. , Esparza-Borges E. , Figueira P. , González Hernández J. I. , Herrero-Cisneros E. , Lo Curto G. , Martins C. J. A. P. , Mehner A. , Nunes N. J. , Palle E. , Pelletier S. , Seidel J. V. , Silva A. M. , Sousa S. G. , Sozzetti A. , Steiner M. , Suárez Mascareño A. , Udry S. 
Published: September 2024

Context. Ultra hot Jupiters (gas giants with Teq > 2000 K) are intriguing exoplanets due to the extreme physics and chemistry present in their atmospheres. Their torrid daysides can be characterised using ground-based high-resolution emission spectroscopy.
Aims. We search for signatures of neutral and singly ionised iron (Fe I and Fe II, respectively) in the dayside of the ultra hot Jupiter WASP-76 b, as these species were detected via transmission spectroscopy in this exoplanet. Furthermore, we aim to confirm the existence of a thermal inversion layer, which has been reported in previous studies, and attempt to constrain its properties.
Methods. We observed WASP-76 b on four epochs with ESPRESSO at the VLT, at orbital phases shortly before and after the secondary transit, when the dayside is in view. We present the first analysis of high-resolution optical emission spectra for this exoplanet. We compare the data to synthetic templates created with petitRADTRANS, using cross-correlation function techniques.
Results. We detect a blueshifted (−4.7 ± 0.3 km s−1) Fe I emission signature on the dayside of WASP-76 b at 6.0σ. The signal is detected independently both before and after the eclipse, and it is blueshifted in both cases. The presence of iron emission features confirms the existence of a thermal inversion layer. Fe II was not detected, possibly because this species is located in the upper layers of the atmosphere, which are more optically thin. Thus the Fe II signature on the dayside of WASP-76 b is too weak to be detected with emission spectroscopy.
Conclusions. We propose that the blueshifted Fe I signature is created by material rising from the hot spot to the upper layers of the atmosphere, and discuss possible scenarios related to the position of the hotspot. This work unveils some of the dynamic processes ongoing on the dayside of the ultra hot Jupiter WASP-76 b through the analysis of the Fe I signature from its atmosphere, and complements previous knowledge obtained from transmission studies. It also highlights the ability of ESPRESSO to probe the dayside of this class of exoplanets.
The GAPS Programme at TNG
Authors: Filomeno S. , Biazzo K. , Baratella M. , Benatti S. , D’Orazi V. , Desidera S. , Mancini L. , Messina S. , Polychroni D. , Turrini D. , Cabona L. , Carleo I. , Damasso M. , Malavolta L. , Mantovan G. , Nardiello D. , Scandariato G. , Sozzetti A. , Zingales T. , Andreuzzi G. , Antoniucci S. , Bignamini A. , Bonomo A. S. , Claudi R. , Cosentino R. , Fiorenzano A. F. M. , Fonte S. , Harutyunyan A. , Knapic C. 
Published: September 2024

Context. The study of exoplanets at different evolutionary stages can shed light on their formation, migration, and evolution. The determination of exoplanet properties depends on the properties of their host stars. It is therefore important to characterise the host stars for accurate knowledge on their planets.
Aims. Our final goal is to derive, in a homogeneous and accurate way, the stellar atmospheric parameters and elemental abundances of ten young TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite) transiting planet-hosting GK stars followed up with the HARPS-N (High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher for the Northern hemisphere) at TNG (Telescopio Nazionale Galileo) spectrograph within the Global Architecture of Planetary Systems (GAPS) programme.
Methods. We derived stellar kinematic properties, atmospheric parameters, and abundances of 18 elements. Depending on stellar parameters and chemical elements, we used methods based on line equivalent widths and spectral synthesis. Lithium line measurements were used as approximate age estimations. We exploited chemical abundances and their ratios to derive information on planetary composition.
Results. Elemental abundances and kinematic properties are consistent with the nearby Galactic thin disk. All targets show C/O<0.8 and 1.0<Mg/Si<1.5, compatible with an interpretation of silicate mantles made of a mixture of pyroxene and olivine assemblages for any rocky planets around them. The Fe/Mg ratios, with values of ~0.7–1.0, show a propensity for the planets to have big (iron) cores. All stars hosting very low-mass planets show Mg/Si values consistent with the Earth values, thus demonstrating their similar mantle composition. Hot Jupiter host stars show a lower content of O/Si, which could be related to the lower presence of water content. We confirm a trend found in the literature between stellar [O/Fe] and total planetary mass, implying an important role of the O in shaping the mass fraction of heavy elements in stars and their disks.
Conclusions. Exploring the composition of planets through the use of elemental abundances of their hosting stars holds promise for future investigations, particularly with large samples. Meanwhile, the detailed host star abundances provided can be employed for further studies on the composition of the planets within the current sample, when their atmospheres will be exploited.
A comprehensive study of five candidate δ Scuti-type pulsators in detached eclipsing binaries
Authors: Pawar T. , Hełminiak K. G. , Moharana A. , Pawar G. , Pyatnytskyy M. , Lala H. N. , Konacki M. 
Published: September 2024

Context. Pulsating stars in eclipsing binaries (EBs) provide an excellent opportunity to obtain precise, model-independent stellar parameters for studying these oscillations in detail. One of the most common classes of pulsators found in such EBs exhibits δ Scuti-type oscillations. Characterising these pulsators using the precise stellar parameters obtained using EB modelling can help us better understand such stars, and provide strong anchors for asteroseismic studies.
Aims. We performed a comprehensive photometric and spectroscopic analysis of candidate pulsators in detached EBs, to add to the sample of such systems with accurately determined absolute parameters.
Methods. We performed radial velocity and light curve modelling to estimate the absolute stellar parameters, and detailed spectroscopic modelling to obtain the global metallicity and temperatures. Frequency power spectra were obtained using residuals from binary modelling. Finally, we used isochrones to determine the age of the stars, and compared the estimated physical parameters to the theoretically obtained values.
Results. We present a detailed analysis of four candidate δ Scuti-type pulsators in EBs, and update the light curve analysis of the previously studied system TIC 308953703. The masses and radii of components are constrained to a high accuracy, which helps us constrain the age of the systems. We perform a Fourier analysis of the observed oscillations, and try to explain their origin. For TIC 81702112, we report tidal effects causing amplitude variation in the oscillation frequencies over the orbital phase.