bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a three-dimensional scoring model for the assessment of continuous glucose monitoring data in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Dawnbringer Jeanie , Hill Henrik , Lundgren Markus , Catrina Sergiu-Bogdan , Caballero-Corbalan José , Cederblad Lars , Carlsson Per-Ola , Espes Daniel 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionDespite the improvements in diabetes management by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) it is difficult to capture the complexity of CGM data in one metric. We aimed to develop a clinically relevant multidimensional scoring model with the capacity to identify the most alarming CGM episodes and/or patients from a large cohort.Research design and methodsRetrospective CGM data from 2017 to 2020 available in electronic medical records were collected from n=613 individuals with type 1 diabetes (total 82 114 days). A scoring model was developed based on three metrics; glycemic variability percentage, low blood glucose index and high blood glucose index. Values for each dimension were normalized to a numeric score between 0–100. To identify the most representative score for an extended time period, multiple ways to combine the mean score of each dimension were evaluated. Correlations of the scoring model with CGM metrics were computed. The scoring model was compared with interpretations of a clinical expert board (CEB).ResultsThe dimension of hypoglycemia must be weighted to be representative, whereas the other two can be represented by their overall mean. The scoring model correlated well with established CGM metrics. Applying a score of ≥80 as the cut-off for identifying time periods with a ‘true’ target fulfillment (ie, reaching all targets for CGM metrics) resulted in an accuracy of 93.4% and a specificity of 97.1%. The accuracy of the scoring model when compared with the CEB was high for identifying the most alarming CGM curves within each dimension of glucose control (overall 86.5%).ConclusionsOur scoring model captures the complexity of CGM data and can identify both the most alarming dimension of glycemia and the individuals in most urgent need of assistance. This could become a valuable tool for population management at diabetes clinics to enable healthcare providers to stratify care to the patients in greatest need of clinical attention.
Adolescent and youth-friendly health interventions in low-income and middle-income countries: a scoping review
Authors: Jakobsson Cecilia , Sanghavi Rhea , Nyamiobo Joseph , Maloy Caitlin , Mwanzu Arnold , Venturo-Conerly Katherine , Mostert Cyprian , Peterson Stefan , Kumar Manasi 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundAdolescents comprise one-sixth of the world’s population, yet there is no clear understanding of the features that promote adolescent-friendly services (AFS). The lack of clarity and consistency around a definition presents a gap in health services.MethodsThe review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. We conducted a scoping review of peer-reviewed empirical studies to explore AFS in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) published between January 2000 and December 2022. The databases searched were CAB Direct (n=11), CINAHL (n=50), Cochrane Databases (n=1103), Embase (n=1164), Global Health Medicus (n=3636) and PsycINFO (n=156). The title, abstract and full text were double screened by three independent reviewers. Three independent reviewers assessed the study’s quality using the Joanna Briggs Initiative Quality Appraisal and Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tools.ResultsWe identified the key components, barriers and facilitators of AFS. The following emerged from our review: a non-judgmental environment, culturally appropriate and responsive interventions and a focus on supporting marginalised communities often living in high-poverty settings. Using these components, we have extended guidance around a possible framework and tool assessing quality of AFS.InterpretationAs LMICs are heterogeneous and unique, it was assumed that the operational definition of ‘adolescent-friendly’ might vary depending on different contexts, but there must be core components that remain consistent. Possible limitations of our review include a lack of grey literature. Potential future implications include training healthcare providers, testing these attributes for service improvement and future development and localisation of policy guidelines.Key highlightsOur review has mapped the research framing of AFS and provided a comprehensive review of barriers and facilitators to implementing a holistic outlook of AFS set-up in a tightly controlled research and real-world context. Our paper is one of the few efforts to synthesise behavioural and mental health elements underpinning AFS.
Mixed-methods protocol for the WiSSPr study: Women in Sex work, Stigma and psychosocial barriers to Pre-exposure prophylaxis in Zambia
Authors: Kumar Ramya , Rao Deepa , Sharma Anjali , Phiri Jamia , Zimba Martin , Phiri Maureen , Zyambo Ruth , Kalo Gwen Mulenga , Chilembo Louise , Kunda Phidelina Milambo , Mulubwa Chama , Ngosa Benard , Mugwanya Kenneth K , Barrington Wendy E , Herce Michael E , Musheke Maurice 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionWomen engaging in sex work (WESW) have 21 times the risk of HIV acquisition compared with the general population. However, accessing HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) remains challenging, and PrEP initiation and persistence are low due to stigma and related psychosocial factors. The WiSSPr (Women in Sex work, Stigma and PrEP) study aims to (1) estimate the effect of multiple stigmas on PrEP initiation and persistence and (2) qualitatively explore the enablers and barriers to PrEP use for WESW in Lusaka, Zambia.Methods and analysisWiSSPr is a prospective observational cohort study grounded in community-based participatory research principles with a community advisory board (CAB) of key population (KP) civil society organi sations (KP-CSOs) and the Ministry of Health (MoH). We will administer a one-time psychosocial survey vetted by the CAB and follow 300 WESW in the electronic medical record for three months to measure PrEP initiation (#/% ever taking PrEP) and persistence (immediate discontinuation and a medication possession ratio). We will conduct in-depth interviews with a purposive sample of 18 women, including 12 WESW and 6 peer navigators who support routine HIV screening and PrEP delivery, in two community hubs serving KPs since October 2021. We seek to value KP communities as equal contributors to the knowledge production process by actively engaging KP-CSOs throughout the research process. Expected outcomes include quantitative measures of PrEP initiation and persistence among WESW, and qualitative insights into the enablers and barriers to PrEP use informed by participants’ lived experiences.Ethics and disseminationWiSSPr was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of the University of Zambia (#3650-2023) and University of North Carolina (#22-3147). Participants must give written informed consent. Findings will be disseminated to the CAB, who will determine how to relay them to the community and stakeholders.
Associations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with hsCRP and other novel inflammatory biomarkers in children: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Dong Hongli , Wang Feiying , Gao Liang , Xu Xiaojing , Ni Yufei 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivePrevious studies have shown the anti-inflammatory effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and the crucial roles of high-sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP) and novel inflammatory markers (red blood cell distribution width–platelet count ratio (RDWPCR), mean platelet volume–platelet count ratio (MPVPCR), neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and white blood cell–neutrophil ratios (WBCNR)) in several diseases, but scarce data explored the associations of 25(OH)D with hsCRP and novel inflammatory markers. This study aimed to investigate these associations in children.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingChildren in China.Participants10141 children (mean age 14.6 months) were included.Primary and secondary outcome measuresHsCRP, red blood cell distribution width, platelet count, mean platelet volume, neutrophil, lymphocyte and white blood cell were measured.ResultsOverall, serum 25(OH)D was inversely associated with hsCRP and novel inflammatory biomarkers. In multivariable analysis, serum 25(OH)D was inversely associated with hsCRP and novel inflammatory biomarkers (Q quartile (Q) 4 vs Q1: 1129.75 vs 2090.99 for hsCRP; 4246.94 vs 6829.89 for RDWPCR; 4863.57 vs 5545.66 for MPVPCR; 4345.76 vs 6507.46 for NLR; 2418.84 vs 2868.39 for WBCNR). Similar results also were observed in stratified analyses by sex (boys and girls). Moreover, serum 25(OH)D was inversely associated with elevated inflammation levels. After adjustment for other potential covariates, inverse associations between serum 25(OH)D and elevated inflammation levels were still observed. The corresponding ORs (95% CI) were 0.05 (0.04, 0.06) for hsCRP, 0.13 (0.11, 0.15) for RDWPCR, 0.74 (0.64, 0.85) for MPVPCR, 0.11 (0.09, 0.13) for NLR and 0.57 (0.49, 0.66) for WBCNR in the fourth quartile compared with the first quartile, respectively.ConclusionsGenerally, the graded and inverse associations of serum 25(OH)D with hsCRP and four novel inflammatory markers (RDWPCR, MPVPCR, NLR and WBCNR) were observed. The present study provided further support for the anti-inflammatory effects of 25(OH)D.
Comparison of specialist ataxia centres with non-specialist services in terms of treatment, care, health services resource utilisation and costs in the UK using patient-reported data
Authors: Vallortigara Julie , Greenfield Julie , Hunt Barry , Hoffman Deborah , Booth Suzanne , Morris Stephen , Giunti Paola 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivesThis study aims to assess the patient-reported benefits and the costs of coordinated care and multidisciplinary care at specialist ataxia centres (SACs) in the UK compared with care delivered in standard neurological clinics.DesignA patient survey was distributed between March and May 2019 to patients with ataxia or carers of patients with ataxia through the Charity Ataxia UK’s mailing list, website, magazine and social media to gather information about the diagnosis, management of the ataxias in SAC and non-specialist settings, utilisation of various healthcare services and patients’ satisfaction. We compared mean resource use for each contact type and health service costs per patient, stratifying patients by whether they were currently attending a SAC or never attended one.SettingSecondary care including SACs and general neurology clinics.ParticipantsWe had 277 participants in the survey, aged 16 years old and over, diagnosed with ataxia and living in the UK.Primary outcome measuresPatient experience and perception of the two healthcare services settings, patient level of satisfaction, difference in healthcare services use and costs.ResultsPatients gave positive feedback about the role of SAC in understanding their condition (96.8% of SAC group), in coordinating referrals to other healthcare specialists (86.6%), and in offering opportunities to take part in research studies (85.2%). Participants who attended a SAC reported a better management of their symptoms and a more personalised care received compared with participants who never attended a SAC (p<0.001). Costs were not significantly different in between those attending a SAC and those who did not. We identified some barriers for patients in accessing the SACs, and some gaps in the care provided, for which we made some recommendations.ConclusionsThis study provides useful information about ataxia patient care pathways in the UK. Overall, the results showed significantly higher patient satisfaction in SAC compared with non-SAC, at similar costs. The findings can be used to inform policy recommendations on how to improve treatment and care for people with these very rare and complex neurological diseases. Improving access to SAC for patients across the UK is one key policy recommendation of this study.
Probing the regular black hole with an asymptotically Minkowski core by precessing motion of S2 star and OJ 287
Authors: Yang Bo , He Guansheng , Xie Yi , Lin Wenbin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe investigate the precessing motion around the the regular black hole with an asymptotically Minkowski core which has a suppression parameter $$\ell $$
ℓ
. We obtain the third-order post-Newtonian quasi-Keplerian motion of a test particle in this spacetime and find its relativistic periastron advance. Then, we test this model with the precessing motion of the star S2 and of OJ 287 and determine the upper limits of the dimensionless suppression parameter as $$\ell /m \sim 10^{-3}$$

ℓ
/
m
∼

10

-
3

, where m is the mass of the black hole. Compared with the bound given by the shadow of Sgr A*, our bound on $$\ell /m$$

ℓ
/
m

is reduced by 2 orders of magnitude, although our upper limit of $$\ell $$
ℓ
still needs further improvement.
Combined Oxygen-Enhanced MRI and Perfusion Imaging Detect Hypoxia Modification from Banoxantrone and Atovaquone and Track Their Differential Mechanisms of Action
Authors: O’Connor James P.B. , Tessyman Victoria , Little Ross A. , Babur Muhammad , Forster Duncan , Latif Ayşe , Cheung Susan , Lipowska-Bhalla Grazyna , Higgins Geoff S. , Asselin Marie-Claude , Parker Geoff J.M. , Williams Kaye J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Oxygen-enhanced MRI (OE-MRI) has shown promise for quantifying and spatially mapping tumor hypoxia, either alone or in combination with perfusion imaging. Previous studies have validated the technique in mouse models and in patients with cancer. Here, we report the first evidence that OE-MRI can track change in tumor oxygenation induced by two drugs designed to modify hypoxia. Mechanism of action of banoxantrone and atovaquone were confirmed using in vitro experiments. Next, in vivo OE-MRI studies were performed in Calu6 and U87 xenograft tumor models, alongside fluorine-18–fluoroazomycin arabinoside PET and immunohistochemistry assays of hypoxia. Neither drug altered tumor size. Banoxantrone reduced OE-MRI hypoxic fraction in Calu6 tumors by 52.5% ± 12.0% (P = 0.008) and in U87 tumors by 29.0% ± 15.8% (P = 0.004) after 3 days treatment. Atovaquone reduced OE-MRI hypoxic fraction in Calu6 tumors by 53.4% ± 15.3% (P = 0.002) after 7 days therapy. PET and immunohistochemistry provided independent validation of the MRI findings. Finally, combined OE-MRI and perfusion imaging showed that hypoxic tissue was converted into necrotic tissue when treated by the hypoxia-activated cytotoxic prodrug banoxantrone, whereas hypoxic tissue became normoxic when treated by atovaquone, an inhibitor of mitochondrial complex III of the electron transport chain. OE-MRI detected and quantified hypoxia reduction induced by two hypoxia-modifying therapies and could distinguish between their differential mechanisms of action. These data support clinical translation of OE-MRI biomarkers in clinical trials of hypoxia-modifying agents to identify patients demonstrating biological response and to optimize treatment timing and scheduling.
Significance: For the first time, we show that hypoxic fraction measured by oxygen-enhanced MRI (OE-MRI) detected changes in tumor oxygenation induced by two drugs designed specifically to modify hypoxia. Furthermore, when combined with perfusion imaging, OE-MRI hypoxic volume distinguished the two drug mechanisms of action. This imaging technology has potential to facilitate drug development, enrich clinical trial design, and accelerate clinical translation of novel therapeutics into clinical use.
The SAFEST Study: Survey on Antiplatelets in Flow Diversion for Aneurysm Endovascular Treatment
Authors: Hohenstatt Sophia , Vollherbst Dominik F. , Nguyen Thanh N. , Miao Zhongrong , Ton Mai Duy , Yamagami Hiroshi , Dmytriw Adam A. , Maliandi Gabriele , Bendszus Martin , Jesser Jessica , Möhlenbruch Markus A. 
Published: September 2024

Background
Flow diversion has emerged as a promising treatment strategy for intracranial aneurysms, yet the influence of antiplatelet therapy on treatment outcomes remains uncertain. Regional and institutional variability in antiplatelet regimens further complicates treatment standardization. This survey aimed to investigate common practices of antiplatelet medication usage in flow diversion for intracranial aneurysms worldwide.

Methods
An anonymous online survey explored antiplatelet therapy regimens in flow diverter implantations, including agent selection, dosing, and duration. The survey was distributed through international neurointerventional societies and mailing lists.

Results
Participants included 442 from 53 countries, revealing that most practitioners agree on using dual antiplatelet therapy, with 67% combining low‐dose aspirin with clopidogrel. However, alternative P2Y12 inhibitors are increasingly being used with the main reasons for preferring ticagrelor (21%) over prasugrel (10%) being its availability and bleeding risk, whereas the main reason for using prasugrel over ticagrelor is patient compliance. Resistance testing for antiplatelet agents was conducted by 62% of survey respondents, with the VerifyNow system being the most common method. Strategies to manage resistance included dose escalation (17%) and switching (83%) to alternative agents. Interest in participating in future trials investigating antiplatelet therapy duration and dual antiplatelet therapy versus single antiplatelet therapy was high (77% and 58%, respectively).

Conclusion
Antiplatelet treatment strategies following flow diversion procedures vary globally, with a growing interest in alternative agents and a willingness to participate in future trials. Standardization efforts and further investigation are warranted for optimizing neurointerventional outcomes.
Gender Features and Coordination Resolution in Greek and Other Three-Gendered Languages: Implications for the Cross-Linguistic Representation of Gender
Authors: Adamson Luke James , Anagnostopoulou Elena 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Many three-gendered languages have in common that some nouns are assigned conceptual gender – where the value of gender correlates with the interpretation of the noun – while other nouns are assigned arbitrary gender – where there is no such correlation. Strikingly, however, such languages do not always pattern together in how they resolve agreement with gender-mismatched coordinated nominals. If coordination resolution reflects feature representation, variation across languages with similar gender categories presents a puzzle. We hypothesize that resolution with gender-mismatched human and inanimate coordinated nominals is predictable from how properties like animacy and individuation are encoded within a language’s gender system. Focusing on Greek and contrasting patterns in Icelandic and Bosnian/Coratian/Serbian (BCS), we capture resolved agreement patterns through i) an interpretable vs. uninterpretable feature distinction, ii) a feature-geometric account à la Harley and Ritter 2002; and iii) universal coordination resolution mechanisms we refer to as percolation and conversion. Our system correlates resolution with other language-internal properties for gender agreement across the languages we investigate and captures complex patterns of resolution that have not been fully appreciated.
Manifestation of the Socio-Psychological Impact of COVID-19 in Selected Contexts around the Globe
Authors: Ketwa A. , Kang’ethe Simon Murote 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (2020), the COVID-19 pandemic has had significant psychological and social effects on the population. Research has highlighted the impact on the psychological well-being of the most exposed groups, including children, college students, and health workers who are more likely to develop post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, and other symptoms of distress. This article aims to investigate the socio-psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in selected contexts of the globe. The researchers have used a literature review method by using various research engines such as the Web of Science, ResearchGate, Scopus, Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), and Google Scholar. The environment of COVID-19 was associated with the following thematic information: immense grief and bereavement; increased mental health illnesses; detrimental effects on family life; high demands on health care; and the application of online psychotherapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to address the health care doldrums caused by the disease. Further, the disease resulted in deaths, loss of jobs, drastic stigmatization, domestic violence, suicidal ideation, and various spates of depression. The article concludes by advocating for psycho-emotional education in different country contexts as a way of increasing disease resilience and coping.
Evaluating Extremes in Climatology with Average Value-at-Risk Measure: Example of Precipitation Data from Upper Vistula Region in Poland
Authors: Czarnowska Joanna , Bochenek Bogdan , Pyrc Robert 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The ability to predict changes in the right tail of daily precipitation distributions over short time periods, as well as the probability of clustering extreme values, is critical for current risk management. In the present study, we apply the well-established metric average value-at-risk (AVaR) for the first time within the field of climatology. We also investigate the evolution of the return level (RL) and the extremal index (EI), which we refer to as risk measures. In the case of precipitation processes, a rise in the first two and a reduction in the third may result in increased hazards. These methods were applied to the new data on the daily sum of precipitation from the region of Upper Vistula in Poland from 1951 to 2020 to analyze the dynamics of changes across time. We found that AVaR and RL have the smallest values for the middle of the analyzed period (years 1971–2010), while EI has a maximal value around 1963–92. Both the beginning and the end of the investigated period are characterized by more extreme and clustered precipitation events. Furthermore, this paper includes some recommendations for the tools used to compute the measures.