bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mobility overestimation due to gated contacts in organic field-effect transistors
Authors: Bittle Emily G. , Basham James I. , Jackson Thomas N. , Jurchescu Oana D. , Gundlach David J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractParameters used to describe the electrical properties of organic field-effect transistors, such as mobility and threshold voltage, are commonly extracted from measured current–voltage characteristics and interpreted by using the classical metal oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor model. However, in recent reports of devices with ultra-high mobility (>40 cm2 V−1 s−1), the device characteristics deviate from this idealized model and show an abrupt turn-on in the drain current when measured as a function of gate voltage. In order to investigate this phenomenon, here we report on single crystal rubrene transistors intentionally fabricated to exhibit an abrupt turn-on. We disentangle the channel properties from the contact resistance by using impedance spectroscopy and show that the current in such devices is governed by a gate bias dependence of the contact resistance. As a result, extracted mobility values from d.c. current–voltage characterization are overestimated by one order of magnitude or more.
Interphase APC/C–Cdc20 inhibition by cyclin A2–Cdk2 ensures efficient mitotic entry
Authors: Hein Jamin B. , Nilsson Jakob 
Published: March 2016

AbstractProper cell-cycle progression requires tight temporal control of the Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C), a large ubiquitin ligase that is activated by one of two co-activators, Cdh1 or Cdc20. APC/C and Cdc20 are already present during interphase but APC/C–Cdc20 regulation during this window of the cell cycle, if any, is unknown. Here we show that cyclin A2–Cdk2 binds and phosphorylates Cdc20 in interphase and this inhibits APC/C–Cdc20 activity. Preventing Cdc20 phosphorylation results in pre-mature activation of the APC/C–Cdc20 and several substrates, including cyclin B1 and A2, are destabilized which lengthens G2 and slows mitotic entry. Expressing non-degradable cyclin A2 but not cyclin B1 restores mitotic entry in these cells. We have thus uncovered a novel positive feedback loop centred on cyclin A2–Cdk2 inhibition of interphase APC/C–Cdc20 to allow further cyclin A2 accumulation and mitotic entry.
A glimpse at the aging eye
Authors: Lin Jonathan B , Tsubota Kazuo , Apte Rajendra S 
Published: March 2016

AbstractExtensive investigations have demonstrated that organismal aging is associated with tissue dysfunction in many organs. The eye is no exception to this rule. Under healthy conditions, the eye is designed like an advanced camera with the central role of translating light from the external world into a coherent neural signal that can be transmitted to the brain for processing into a precise visual image. This complex process requires precisely maintained machinery. At the front of the eye, the transparency of both the cornea and the lens are crucial to allow passage of photons to the light-sensitive portion of the eye. Similarly, the highly organized structure of the retina located at the back of the eye is indispensable to allow for effective signal transduction and efficient signal transmission. Aging affects ocular structures in various ways, and these sequelae have been well defined as distinct clinical entities. In many instances, aging leads to ocular tissue dysfunction and disease. Nonetheless, despite clear evidence that age-associated visual impairment has significant psychosocial consequences, current treatment paradigms for many of these conditions are inadequate. In addition, strategies to decelerate or reverse age-associated deterioration in ocular function are still in their infancy. This review focuses on the cellular and molecular pathophysiology of the aging eye. Ultimately, we hope that a refined understanding of the aging eye can guide targeted therapies against cellular aging and disease.
Enhancing the use of Asthma and COPD Assessment Tools in Balearic Primary Care (ACATIB): a region-wide cluster-controlled implementation trial
Authors: Román-Rodríguez Miguel , Pardo Marina Garcia , López Lucia Gorreto , Ruiz Ana Uréndez , van Boven Job FM 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAsthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) health status assessment tools have demonstrated their value in guiding clinical management. Their use in primary care is still suboptimal. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of an educational intervention programme on the use of the Asthma Control Test (ACT), modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) and COPD Assessment Test (CAT) among primary care settings of the Balearic Islands, Spain. In this region-wide cluster-controlled implementation study, an educational intervention on the use of respiratory health status tools was provided to primary care practices in Mallorca (intervention group). Practices in Ibiza and Menorca functioned as control practices. Written and multimedia materials were provided to all participants to educate their colleagues. Primary outcome was the difference between intervention and control practices in the percentage of practices that increased the use—and recording—of ACT, CAT and mMRC tests between the 6-month period before intervention and the 6-month period after intervention. In the intervention group, 32 out of 45 (71%) centres enhanced the total number of tests, compared with 4 out of 12 (33%) in the non-intervention group (χ2; P=0.02). Before intervention, 399 test scores were recorded in 88,194 patients (asthma: 57,339; COPD: 30,855). After intervention, 1,576 test scores were recorded in 92,714 patients (asthma: 61,841; COPD: 30,873). An educational intervention programme targeted on primary care physicians enhances the use of respiratory health status tools and promotes behavioural changes. However, the effect is very low and difficult to measure in clinical terms.
Effects of Nosema apis, N. ceranae, and coinfections on honey bee (Apis mellifera) learning and memory
Authors: Charbonneau Lise R. , Hillier Neil Kirk , Rogers Richard E. L. , Williams Geoffrey R. , Shutler Dave 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWestern honey bees (Apis mellifera) face an increasing number of challenges that in recent years have led to significant economic effects on apiculture, with attendant consequences for agriculture. Nosemosis is a fungal infection of honey bees caused by either Nosema apis or N. ceranae. The putative greater virulence of N. ceranae has spurred interest in understanding how it differs from N. apis. Little is known of effects of N. apis or N. ceranae on honey bee learning and memory. Following a Pavlovian model that relies on the proboscis extension reflex, we compared acquisition learning and long-term memory recall of uninfected (control) honey bees versus those inoculated with N. apis, N. ceranae, or both. We also tested whether spore intensity was associated with variation in learning and memory. Neither learning nor memory differed among treatments. There was no evidence of a relationship between spore intensity and learning, and only limited evidence of a negative effect on memory; this occurred only in the co-inoculation treatment. Our results suggest that if Nosema spp. are contributing to unusually high colony losses in recent years, the mechanism by which they may affect honey bees is probably not related to effects on learning or memory, at least as assessed by the proboscis extension reflex.
Percolation, sliding, localization and relaxation in topologically closed circuits
Authors: Hurowitz Daniel , Cohen Doron 
Published: March 2016

AbstractConsidering a random walk in a random environment in a topologically closed circuit, we explore the implications of the percolation and sliding transitions for its relaxation modes. A complementary question regarding the “delocalization” of eigenstates of non-hermitian Hamiltonians has been addressed by Hatano, Nelson and followers. But we show that for a conservative stochastic process the implied spectral properties are dramatically different. In particular we determine the threshold for under-damped relaxation and observe “complexity saturation” as the bias is increased.
TXNIP/TRX/NF-κB and MAPK/NF-κB pathways involved in the cardiotoxicity induced by Venenum Bufonis in rats
Authors: Bi Qi-rui , Hou Jin-jun , Qi Peng , Ma Chun-hua , Feng Rui-hong , Yan Bing-peng , Wang Jian-wei , Shi Xiao-jian , Zheng Yuan-yuan , Wu Wan-ying , Guo De-an 
Published: March 2016

AbstractVenenum Bufonis (VB) is a widely used traditional medicine with serious cardiotoxic effects. The inflammatory response has been studied to clarify the mechanism of the cardiotoxicity induced by VB for the first time. In the present study, Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, were administered VB (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) intragastrically, experienced disturbed ECGs (lowered heart rate and elevated ST-segment), increased levels of serum indicators (creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB (CK-MB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST)) and serum interleukin (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) at 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 24 h and 48 h, which reflected that an inflammatory response, together with cardiotoxicity, were involved in VB-treated rats. In addition, the elevated serum level of MDA and the down-regulated SOD, CAT, GSH and GPx levels indicated the appearance of oxidative stress in the VB-treated group. Furthermore, based on the enhanced expression levels of TXNIP, p-NF-κBp65, p-IκBα, p-IKKα, p-IKKβ, p-ERK, p-JNK and p-P38 and the obvious myocardial degeneration, it is proposed that VB-induced cardiotoxicity may promote an inflammatory response through the TXNIP/TRX/NF-κB and MAPK/NF-κB pathways. The observed inflammatory mechanism induced by VB may provide a theoretical reference for the toxic effects and clinical application of VB.
Sex-dependent effects of microcystin-LR on hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis and gametogenesis of adult zebrafish
Authors: Liu Wanjing , Chen Chuanyue , Chen Liang , Wang Li , Li Jian , Chen Yuanyuan , Jin Jienan , Kawan Atufa , Zhang Xuezhen 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWhile microcystins (MCs) have been reported to exert reproductive toxicity on fish with a sex-dependent effect, the underlying mechanism has been rarely investigated. In the present study, zebrafish were exposed to 1, 5 and 20 μg/L MC-LR for 30 d. The gonad-somatic index declined in all treated males. 17β-estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), 11-keto testosterone (11-KT) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels increased in serum from all treated females, while T, FSH and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels changed in all treated males. Histomorphological observation showed that MC-LR exposure evidently retarded oogenesis and spermatogenesis. Transcriptional changes of 22 genes of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis exhibited sex-specific responses and the relationship between gene transcriptions and gametogenesis was evaluated by principle component analysis (PCA). Major contributors to PC1 (gnrh2, gnrhr3, ar, lhr, hmgra, hmgrb and cyp19a) were positively correlated with the number of post-vitellogenic oocytes, while PC1 (gnrh2, lhβ, erβ, fshr, cyp11a and 17βhsd) were positively correlated with the number of spermatozoa. The protein levels of 17βHSD and CYP19a were affected in both females and males. In conclusion, this study first investigated the sex-dependent effects of microcystins on fish reproduction and revealed some important molecular biomarkers related to gametogenesis in zebrafish suffered from MC-LR.
NADPH oxidase promotes Parkinsonian phenotypes by impairing autophagic flux in an mTORC1-independent fashion in a cellular model of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Pal Rituraj , Bajaj Lakshya , Sharma Jaiprakash , Palmieri Michela , Di Ronza Alberto , Lotfi Parisa , Chaudhury Arindam , Neilson Joel , Sardiello Marco , Rodney George G. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractOxidative stress and aberrant accumulation of misfolded proteins in the cytosol are key pathological features associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD). NADPH oxidase (Nox2) is upregulated in the pathogenesis of PD; however, the underlying mechanism(s) of Nox2-mediated oxidative stress in PD pathogenesis are still unknown. Using a rotenone-inducible cellular model of PD, we observed that a short exposure to rotenone (0.5 μM) resulted in impaired autophagic flux through activation of a Nox2 dependent Src/PI3K/Akt axis, with a consequent disruption of a Beclin1-VPS34 interaction that was independent of mTORC1 activity. Sustained exposure to rotenone at a higher dose (10 μM) decreased mTORC1 activity; however, autophagic flux was still impaired due to dysregulation of lysosomal activity with subsequent induction of the apoptotic machinery. Cumulatively, our results highlight a complex pathogenic mechanism for PD where short- and long-term oxidative stress alters different signaling pathways, ultimately resulting in anomalous autophagic activity and disease phenotype. Inhibition of Nox2-dependent oxidative stress attenuated the impaired autophagy and cell death, highlighting the importance and therapeutic potential of these pathways for treating patients with PD.
Gradients in pore size enhance the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells in three-dimensional scaffolds
Authors: Di Luca Andrea , Ostrowska Barbara , Lorenzo-Moldero Ivan , Lepedda Antonio , Swieszkowski Wojcech , Van Blitterswijk Clemens , Moroni Lorenzo 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSmall fractures in bone tissue can heal by themselves, but in case of larger defects current therapies are not completely successful due to several drawbacks. A possible strategy relies on the combination of additive manufactured polymeric scaffolds and human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). The architecture of bone tissue is characterized by a structural gradient. Long bones display a structural gradient in the radial direction, while flat bones in the axial direction. Such gradient presents a variation in bone density from the cancellous bone to the cortical bone. Therefore, scaffolds presenting a gradient in porosity could be ideal candidates to improve bone tissue regeneration. In this study, we present a construct with a discrete gradient in pore size and characterize its ability to further support the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Furthermore, we studied the behaviour of hMSCs within the different compartments of the gradient scaffolds, showing a correlation between osteogenic differentiation and ECM mineralization, and pore dimensions. Alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium content increased with increasing pore dimensions. Our results indicate that designing structural porosity gradients may be an appealing strategy to support gradual osteogenic differentiation of adult stem cells.
Integrated analysis of mRNA-seq and miRNA-seq in the liver of Pelteobagrus vachelli in response to hypoxia
Authors: Zhang Guosong , Yin Shaowu , Mao Jianqiang , Liang Fenfei , Zhao Cheng , Li Peng , Zhou Guoqin , Chen Shuqiao , Tang Zhonglin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPelteobagrus vachelli is a well-known commercial species in Asia. However, a sudden lack of oxygen will result in mortality and eventually to pond turnover. Studying the molecular mechanisms of hypoxia adaptation in fishes will not only help us to understand fish speciation and the evolution of the hypoxia-signaling pathway, but will also guide us in the breeding of hypoxia-tolerant fish strains. Despite this, the genetic regulatory network for miRNA-mRNA and the signaling pathways involved in hypoxia responses in fish have remained unexamined. In the present study, we used next-generation sequencing technology to characterise mRNA-seq and miRNA-seq of control- and hypoxia-treated P. vachelli livers to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of hypoxia adaptation. We were able to find miRNA-mRNA pairs using bioinformatics analysis and miRNA prediction algorithms. Furthermore, we compared several key pathways which were identified as involved in the hypoxia response of P. vachelli. Our study is the first report on integrated analysis of mRNA-seq and miRNA-seq in fishes and offers a deeper insight into the molecular mechanisms of hypoxia adaptation. qRT-PCR analysis further confirmed the results of mRNA-Seq and miRNA-Seq analysis. We provide a good case study for analyzing mRNA/miRNA expression and profiling a non-model fish species using next-generation sequencing technology.
Antioxidant Lignans and Neolignans from Acorus tatarinowii
Authors: Lu Yuanyuan , Xue Yongbo , Chen Shenjie , Zhu Hucheng , Zhang Jinwen , Li Xiao-Nian , Wang Jianping , Liu JunJun , Qi Changxing , Du Guang , Zhang Yonghui 
Published: March 2016

AbstractEleven new lignans and neolignans, named acortatarinowins G–N (1−8), including three pairs of enantiomers (1a/1b−3a/3b) and five optically pure lignans and neolignans (4−8), along with five known analogs (9−14), were isolated from the rhizomes of Acorus tatarinowii Schott. Compounds 1−3 were successfully separated by chiral HPLC to afford 1a/1b−3a/3b. The planar structures of 1−8 were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses including HRESIMS and NMR. Their absolute configurations were determined by analyses of single-crystal X-ray diffraction and a modified Mosher’s method, assisted by experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data. Compounds 1a and 1b were rare 7,8′-epoxy-8,7′-oxyneolignane. Compounds 1−8 were evaluated for their antioxidant activities using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) reducing antioxidant power assay. Compound 6, exhibiting strong DPPH radical scavenging capacity with IC50 value of 16.4 ± 0.22 μg/mL, could interpret the herbal traditional usage.
Efficient network disintegration under incomplete information: the comic effect of link prediction
Authors: Tan Suo-Yi , Wu Jun , Lü Linyuan , Li Meng-Jun , Lu Xin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe study of network disintegration has attracted much attention due to its wide applications, including suppressing the epidemic spreading, destabilizing terrorist network, preventing financial contagion, controlling the rumor diffusion and perturbing cancer networks. The crux of this matter is to find the critical nodes whose removal will lead to network collapse. This paper studies the disintegration of networks with incomplete link information. An effective method is proposed to find the critical nodes by the assistance of link prediction techniques. Extensive experiments in both synthetic and real networks suggest that, by using link prediction method to recover partial missing links in advance, the method can largely improve the network disintegration performance. Besides, to our surprise, we find that when the size of missing information is relatively small, our method even outperforms than the results based on complete information. We refer to this phenomenon as the “comic effect” of link prediction, which means that the network is reshaped through the addition of some links that identified by link prediction algorithms, and the reshaped network is like an exaggerated but characteristic comic of the original one, where the important parts are emphasized.
Conformal Invariance of Graphene Sheets
Authors: Giordanelli I. , Posé N. , Mendoza M. , Herrmann H. J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSuspended graphene sheets exhibit correlated random deformations that can be studied under the framework of rough surfaces with a Hurst (roughness) exponent 0.72 ± 0.01. Here, we show that, independent of the temperature, the iso-height lines at the percolation threshold have a well-defined fractal dimension and are conformally invariant, sharing the same statistical properties as Schramm-Loewner evolution (SLEκ) curves with κ = 2.24 ± 0.07. Interestingly, iso-height lines of other rough surfaces are not necessarily conformally invariant even if they have the same Hurst exponent, e.g. random Gaussian surfaces. We have found that the distribution of the modulus of the Fourier coefficients plays an important role on this property. Our results not only introduce a new universality class and place the study of suspended graphene membranes within the theory of critical phenomena, but also provide hints on the long-standing question about the origin of conformal invariance in iso-height lines of rough surfaces.
Predicting missing links and identifying spurious links via likelihood analysis
Authors: Pan Liming , Zhou Tao , Lü Linyuan , Hu Chin-Kun 
Published: March 2016

AbstractReal network data is often incomplete and noisy, where link prediction algorithms and spurious link identification algorithms can be applied. Thus far, it lacks a general method to transform network organizing mechanisms to link prediction algorithms. Here we use an algorithmic framework where a network’s probability is calculated according to a predefined structural Hamiltonian that takes into account the network organizing principles and a non-observed link is scored by the conditional probability of adding the link to the observed network. Extensive numerical simulations show that the proposed algorithm has remarkably higher accuracy than the state-of-the-art methods in uncovering missing links and identifying spurious links in many complex biological and social networks. Such method also finds applications in exploring the underlying network evolutionary mechanisms.
Optogenetic neurostimulation of auricular vagus using flexible OLED display technology to treat chronic inflammatory disease and mental health disorders
Authors: Smith J. , Shah A. , Lee Y.K. , O'Brien B. , Kullman D. , Sridharan A. , Muthuswamy J. , Blain Christen J. 
Published: March 2016

The viability of a new biophotonic alternative to conventional prescription‐drug‐based treatments is explored for inflammatory disease and mental health disorders using a non‐invasive drug‐free optogenetics‐based therapy to treat patients by optically stimulating selected afferent branches of the auricular vagus nerve transcutaneously via the outer ear using a high‐resolution, addressable array of organic light emitting diodes (OLED) manufactured on a flexible plastic substrate. Preliminary analysis and optical measurements indicate that our 620 nm flexible red OLED display technology is bright enough to induce therapeutic optical stimulation in optogenetically modified neural tissue.
Wo Ärzte sprechen lernen
Authors: Schiekiera Kirsten 
Published: March 2016

Die moderne Placeboforschung zeigt: Eine gute Kommunikation zwischen Arzt und Patient fördert die Genesung. Bei dieser Erkenntnis setzt die Europa-Universität
Viadrina an und macht Ärzten ein kompaktes Angebot: ein neues Masterstudium, das Techniken der sprechenden Medizin sowie komplementäre Heilverfahren vermittelt und anerkannte Qualifikationen ermöglicht.
Verdienen wie ein Niedergelassener
Authors: Ehrhardt Jana 
Published: March 2016

Heime können seit der vergangenen Pflegereform Ärzte anstellen. Doch bis heute werden Schwerkranke in vielen Heime nur notversorgt, weil die Kassenärztlichen Vereinigungen
die Arbeit in den Heimen meiden und zusätzliche Honorare fordern.
Die Kraft der Mikrotröpfchen
Authors: Wiedemann Doris 
Published: March 2016

Hochdruckwassernebel wird als eine zukunftsweisende Technologie zur Brand­bekämpfung in Krankenhäusern gehandelt. Wassereinsatz und damit Schäden durch
Löschwasser sind minimal. Und weil Nebelanlagen Brandschutzwände verzichtbar machen können, erwachsen neue Freiheiten in der Raumaufteilung. Doch Nebelanlagen sind nicht billig, und ihre Genehmigung ist diffizil.
Verbrauchskontrolle im Internet
Authors: Mau Jens 
Published: March 2016

Das Internetportal www.meine-energie. de verspricht Kliniken eine transparente Darstellung des individuellen Energieverbrauchs – je Verbrauchsstelle, für einzelne Energieverbraucher oder auch kumuliert für die ganze Klinik oder für Klinikgruppen mit allen Standorten.