bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simplified optical correlation-domain reflectometry employing proximal reflection point
Authors: Shizuka Makoto , Lee Heeyoung , Hayashi Neisei , Mizuno Yosuke , Nakamura Kentaro 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
We develop a new configuration of simplified optical correlation-domain reflectometry using a proximal reflection point. The experimental setup is basically composed of standard silica fibers and includes neither an optical frequency shifter such as an acousto-optic modulator nor an explicit reference path. The light reflected at the proximal reflection point, which is artificially fabricated near an optical circulator, is used as the reference light. Unlike the conventional silica-based setup, this configuration can perform a distributed reflectivity measurement along the distal half of the sensing fiber. After demonstration of the basic operation, the incident optical power dependence of the reflectivity distribution is investigated, and the existence of the optimal incident power is clarified.
Statistical behavior of the longitudinal variations of daytime electron density in the topside ionosphere at middle latitudes
Authors: Su Fanfan , Wang Wenbin , Burns Alan G. , Yue Xinan , Zhu Fuying , Lin Jian 
Published: November 2016

AbstractElectron density in the topside ionosphere has significant variations with latitude, longitude, altitude, local time, season, and solar cycle. This paper focuses on the global and seasonal features of longitudinal structures of daytime topside electron density (Ne) at middle latitudes and their possible causes. We used in situ Ne measured by DEMETER and F2 layer peak height (hmF2) and peak density (NmF2) from COSMIC. The longitudinal variations of the daytime topside Ne show a wave number 2‐type structure in the Northern Hemisphere, whereas those in the Southern Hemisphere are dominated by a wave number 1 structure and are much larger than those in the Northern Hemisphere. The patterns around December solstice (DS) in the Northern Hemisphere (winter) are different from other seasons, whereas the patterns in the Southern Hemisphere are similar in each season. Around March equinox (ME), June solstice (JS), and September equinox (SE) in the Northern Hemisphere and around ME, SE, and DS in the Southern Hemisphere, the longitudinal variations of topside Ne have similar patterns to hmF2. Around JS in the Southern Hemisphere (winter), the topside Ne has similar patterns to NmF2 and hmF2 does not change much with longitude. Thus, the topside variations may be explained intuitively in terms of hmF2 and NmF2. This approach works reasonably well in most of the situations except in the northern winter in the topside not too far from the F2 peak. In this sense, understanding variations in hmF2 and NmF2 becomes an important and relevant subject for this topside ionospheric study.
Continuity of the Alpine slab unraveled by high‐resolution P wave tomography
Authors: Zhao Liang , Paul Anne , Malusà Marco G. , Xu Xiaobing , Zheng Tianyu , Solarino Stefano , Guillot Stéphane , Schwartz Stéphane , Dumont Thierry , Salimbeni Simone , Aubert Coralie , Pondrelli Silvia , Wang Qingchen , Zhu Rixiang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe question of lateral and/or vertical continuity of subducted slabs in active orogens is a hot topic partly due to poorly resolved tomographic data. The complex slab structure beneath the Alpine region is only partly resolved by available geophysical data, leaving many geological and geodynamical issues widely open. Based upon a finite‐frequency kernel method, we present a new high‐resolution tomography model using P wave data from 527 broadband seismic stations, both from permanent networks and temporary experiments. This model provides an improved image of the slab structure in the Alpine region and fundamental pinpoints for the analysis of Cenozoic magmatism, (U)HP metamorphism, and Alpine topography. Our results document the lateral continuity of the European slab from the Western Alps to the central Alps, and the downdip slab continuity beneath the central Alps, ruling out the hypothesis of slab break off to explain Cenozoic Alpine magmatism. A low‐velocity anomaly is observed in the upper mantle beneath the core of the Western Alps, pointing to dynamic topography effects. A NE dipping Adriatic slab, consistent with Dinaric subduction, is possibly observed beneath the Eastern Alps, whereas the laterally continuous Adriatic slab of the Northern Apennines shows major gaps at the boundary with the Southern Apennines and becomes near vertical in the Alps‐Apennines transition zone. Tear faults accommodating opposite‐dipping subductions during Alpine convergence may represent reactivated lithospheric faults inherited from Tethyan extension. Our results suggest that the interpretations of previous tomography results that include successive slab break offs along the Alpine‐Zagros‐Himalaya orogenic belt might be proficiently reconsidered.
Too Big to Solve? Heliophysics Pioneers a New Approach to Intractable Problems
Authors: Guhathakurta M. 
Published: November 2016

Key Points

Heliophysics is combinatorial, encompassing threads of science separated by artificial boundaries of funding and academic labels
To create synergism, NASA/Heliophysics created Working Groups where members from different disciplines are meeting for the first time
First such working group came together in March 2015, to tackle the problem of geomagnetically induced current (GICs)
New Roadmap for the Journey From Internist to Rheumatologist
Authors: Criscione‐Schreiber Lisa G. , Brown Calvin R. , O'Rourke Kenneth S. , Fuchs Howard A. , Putterman Chaim , Tan Irene J. , Valeriano‐Marcet Joanne , Hsieh Evelyn , Zirkle Sarah , Bolster Marcy B. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveMeasurement is necessary to gauge improvement. US training programs have not previously used shared standards to assess trainees’ mastery of the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary to practice rheumatology competently. In 2014, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Next Accreditation System began requiring semiannual evaluation of all medicine subspecialty fellows on 23 internal medicine subspecialty reporting milestones. Since these reporting milestones are not subspecialty specific, rheumatology curricular milestones were needed to guide rheumatology fellowship training programs and fellows on the training journey from internist to rheumatologist.MethodsRheumatology curricular milestones were collaboratively composed by expanding the internal medicine reporting milestones to delineate the specific targets of rheumatology fellowship training within 6 ACGME core competencies. The 2006 American College of Rheumatology core curriculum for rheumatology training programs was updated.ResultsA total of 80 rheumatology curricular milestones were created, defining progressive learning through training; most focus on patient care and medical knowledge. The core curriculum update incorporates the new curricular milestones and rheumatology entrustable professional activities.ConclusionRheumatology curricular milestones are now available for implementation by rheumatology fellowship training programs, providing a clear roadmap for specific training goals and a guide to track each fellow's achievement over a 2‐year training period. The comprehensive core curriculum delineates the essential breadth of knowledge, skills, and attitudes that define rheumatology, and provides a guide for educational activities during fellowship training. These guiding documents are now used to train and assess fellows as they prepare for independent rheumatology practice as the next generation of rheumatologists.
Different Rating of Global Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients With Multiple Morbidities
Authors: Radner Helga , Yoshida Kazuki , Tedeschi Sara , Studenic Paul , Frits Michelle , Iannaccone Christine , Shadick Nancy A. , Weinblatt Michael , Aletaha Daniel , Smolen Josef S. , Solomon Daniel H. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo quantify differences and determine the factors contributing to the difference in patient global assessment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity (PtGA) between RA patients with multiple morbidities (RA‐MM) and those with RA only.MethodsWe compared the PtGA between RA‐MM patients and those with RA only, followed up in a longitudinal cohort (n = 1,040). In analyses performed on RA‐MM patients (n = 575) and those with RA only (matched for swollen joint count, tender joint count, evaluator global assessment, and disease duration), the mean difference in PtGA (ΔPtGA) between the 2 groups was assessed. The contribution of patient characteristics to the explained variation of ΔPtGA in the matched cohort was calculated as semipartial R2 and summarized as the percentage of the total R2 in linear regression models.ResultsRA‐MM patients reported higher (or worse) PtGA, with an increased PtGA associated with more morbidities (P for linear trend < 0.01); this relationship remained significant after adjustment for disease activity, age, and disease duration. After matching 294 RA‐MM patients to those with RA only, the pairwise comparison of mean PtGA (on a scale of 0–100 mm) was significantly higher (worse) for RA‐MM patients (mean ± SD 30.5 ± 24.3) versus those with RA only (25.6 ± 22.9) (mean ΔPtGA 4.9 ± 26.7; P < 0.01 by paired t‐test). Variables uniquely contributing to ΔPtGA were fatigue (18%), pain (17%), and modified Health Assessment Questionnaire scores (9%).ConclusionIn RA patients with multiple morbidities, the perception of RA disease activity as measured by the PtGA might be impacted by the burden of multiple diseases in one individual. RA‐MM patients have higher (worse) levels of PtGA scores compared to patients with RA only. The difference in PtGA is mainly explained by differences in fatigue and pain.
Simple extraction method for quantification of phenothiazine residues in pork muscle using liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Dan , Park Jin‐A , Kim Seong‐Kwan , Cho Sang‐Hyun , Cho Soo‐Min , Shim Jae‐Han , Kim Jin‐Suk , Abd El‐Aty A. M. , Shin Ho‐Chul 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this study, an analytical method was developed for quantification of residues of the anthelmintic drug phenothiazine (PTZ) in pork muscle using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Muscles were extracted using 0.2% formic acid and 10 mm ammonium formate in acetonitrile, defatted and purified using n‐hexane. The drug was well separated on a Waters XBridge™ C18 analytical column using a binary solvent system consisting of 0.2% formic acid and 10 mm ammonium formate in ultrapure water (A) and acetonitrile (B). Good linearity was achieved over a six‐point concentration range in matrix‐matched calibration with determination coefficient =0.9846. Fortified pork muscle having concentrations equivalent to and double the limit of quantification (1 ng/g) yielded recovery ranges between 100.82 and 104.03% and relative standard deviations <12%. Samples (n = 5) collected from large markets located in Seoul City tested negative for PTZ residue. In conclusion, 0.2% formic acid and ammonium formate in acetonitrile can effectively extract PTZ from pork muscle without solid‐phase extraction, a step normally required for cleanup before analysis and the validated method can be used for routine analysis to ensure the quality of animal products.
Comparison of radiation exposure during transradial diagnostic coronary angiography with single‐ or multi‐catheters approach
Authors: Plourde Guillaume , Abdelaal Eltigani , MacHaalany Jimmy , Rimac Goran , Poirier Yann , Arsenault Jean , Costerousse Olivier , Bertrand Olivier F. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo compare radiation exposure during transradial diagnostic coronary angiography (DCA) using standard single‐ or multi‐catheters with different shapes.BackgroundTransradial DCA can be performed using single‐ or multi‐catheters to canulate left and right coronary ostia. To date, it remains unknown whether there are differences in radiation exposure between the two strategies.MethodsFrom November 2012 to June 2014, 3,410 consecutive patients who underwent transradial DCA were recruited. Groups were based on the initial diagnostic catheter used and were dichotomized between single‐ and multi‐catheters approach. All crossovers were excluded. The multi‐catheters approach (Multi) group consisted of Judkins left and right catheters, whereas the single‐catheter (Single) group included Amplatz, Barbeau, or Multipurpose catheters. Fluoroscopy time (FT) as a surrogate end‐point for total radiation exposure and kerma‐area product (KAP; patient radiation exposure) were collected as radiation exposure parameters.ResultsA single‐catheter strategy was used in 439 patients, while 2,971 patients had a multi‐catheters approach. There was no significant difference in FT between groups (2.86 ± 1.48 min for Multi vs. 2.87 ± 1.72 min for Single, P = 0.13). The multi‐catheters approach was associated with a significant 15% reduction in KAP (3,599 ± 2,214 cGy · cm2 vs. 3,073 ± 1,785 cGy · cm2, P < 0.0001) compared to the single‐catheter approach. When pooling all patients, mean FT was 2.86 ± 1.51 min. Mean KAP was 3,141 ± 1,854 cGy · cm2. Reference levels in our institution in both groups were below international diagnostic reference levels. Overall both FT and KAP decreased by 15% and 19%, respectively, over the 2‐year study period.ConclusionsCompared to a single‐catheter approach, a multi‐catheters approach with standard Judkins catheters for DCA significantly reduced patient radiation exposure. Whether single catheter designed for DCA by radial approach can further reduce radiation exposure compared to Judkins catheters remains to be compared in randomized studies. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Single‐center experience in percutaneous closure of arterial duct with Amplatzer duct Occluder II additional sizes
Authors: Mahmoud Heba Talat , Santoro Giuseppe , Gaio Gianpiero , D'Aiello Fabio Angelo , Capogrosso Cristina , Palladino Maria Teresa , Russo Maria Giovanna 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesThis study aimed to report a large, single‐center experience of percutaneous arterial duct (AD) closure using Amplatzer Duct Occluder II Additional Sizes device (ADO II‐AS)(St. Jude Medical Corp, St. Paul, MN, USA).BackgroundTranscatheter closure of AD remains challenging in low body weight patients and those who have a persisting shunt following a previous attempt at interventional closure. Recent technical advances in device design may address these issues.MethodsFrom May 2011 to April 2016, 109 patients underwent attempted percutaneous closure of AD with ADO II‐AS at our Institution. Mean age and weight were 4.8 ± 8.1 years (range 0‐48) and 21.4 ± 20.6 kg (range 3‐93), respectively. Fifteen patients (13.8%) were ≤6 kg (age 3.5 ± 2.0 months; weight 4.7 ± 1.1 kg). Arterial duct morphology was type A in 62 (57%), type B in 1 (1%), type C in 32 (29%), type D in 7 (6%) and type E in 6 patients (6%), respectively. Arterial approach was used to negotiate and deploy the occluding device in 103 patients (94.5%).ResultsAD diameter was 2.2 ± 0.6 (range 1.5–4.5) resulting in QP/QS of 1.9 ± 0.7 (range 1‐3.3). Mean pulmonary artery pressure and PA/aortic pressure ratio were 19.3 ± 5.0 mm Hg (range 12‐38) and 0.34 ± 0.14 (range 0.14‐0.95), respectively. Successful device deployment was achieved in 107 patients (98.2%). Neither procedural morbidity nor mortality was recorded. Immediate, 24h and mid‐term (30 ± 17 months) complete occlusion was recorded in 71%, 98.1%, and 100% of patients, respectively.ConclusionIn our experience, trans‐catheter closure of AD of different sizes and morphologies using ADO II‐AS is highly feasible, safe and effective also in challenging anatomic/clinical settings. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Double trouble: fetal diagnosis of a pulmonary artery sling and vascular ring
Authors: Lee Jesse W. , Printz Beth F. , Hegde Sanjeet R. , Vargas Lisa A. , Sun Heather Y. 
Published: November 2016

Key Clinical MessageLeft pulmonary artery slings and vascular rings are rare congenital anomalies definable by fetal echocardiography. Left pulmonary artery slings are associated with high respiratory morbidity and mortality. Prenatal diagnosis of a left pulmonary artery sling should prompt delivery planning for postnatal management at a pediatric tertiary care center.
Facile fabrication of H2BDC‐NH2 modified anatase TiO2 for effective photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes
Authors: Liu Meiling , Liu Yong , Zhang Dou , Pan Jun , Liu Bowei , Ouyang Sihui 
Published: November 2016

abstractThe 2‐amino benzene dicarboxylic acid (H2BDC‐NH2) modified TiO2 was prepared via hydrothermal method. The surface areas of unmodified and modified TiO2 were 23.206 and 231.908 m2/g, and the according light absorption range changed from 400 nm to 540 nm. The modified TiO2 exhibited 3 times higher visible‐light photocatalytic degradation efficiency for four types of azo dyes than unmodified TiO2 and commercial P25. The ligand H2BDC of modified TiO2 generated photoelectrons and holes under visible light irradiation, producing and active sites for the dye degradation. Moreover, the modified TiO2 showed excellent stability, which suggests the as‐prepared composite to be a promising photocatalyst.
Refuge quality impacts the strength of nonconsumptive effects on prey
Authors: Donelan Sarah C. , Grabowski Jonathan H. , Trussell Geoffrey C. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPrey often retreat into the safety of refuges for protection from predators. This shift into refuge can reduce foraging opportunities, escalating the costs of risk and the strength of nonconsumptive effects. Such costs, however, may be shaped by the variation in resources that refuges harbor for prey foraging (i.e., refuge quality), and change dynamically via impacts on prey state. Despite its potential importance, we lack an explicit understanding of how refuge quality impacts prey performance under risk. Using a rocky intertidal food chain, we examined the interaction between predation risk and the amount of resources available for prey in refuge. We found that refuges with more resources greatly reduce the costs of refuge use, and that nonconsumptive effects are thereby weakened by as much as one‐half, with especially strong impacts on prey growth and growth efficiency. These results suggest that failure to consider refuge quality could result in overestimation of the negative effects associated with prey refuge use.
Cobalt‐Embedded Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanotubes as High‐Performance Bifunctional Oxygen Catalysts
Authors: Hao Yongchao , Lu Zhiyi , Zhang Guoxin , Chang Zheng , Luo Liang , Sun Xiaoming 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are key processes in various renewable‐energy technologies and call for high‐performance bifunctional ORR/OER electrocatalysts. In this study, a highly efficient bifunctional oxygen catalyst, which was made of bamboo‐like nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotubes with embedded cobalt nanoparticles (Co@NCNTs), was fabricated by a one‐step pyrolysis route. Systematic electrochemical results demonstrated that the optimized electrocatalyst only needed a small potential hysteresis of about 0.834 V to achieve 1 mA cm−2 ORR current and 10 mA cm−2 OER current, and simultaneously gave superior stability and methanol tolerance to those of commercial metal catalysts. The major factors that influenced the bifunctional catalyst performance of Co@NCNTs are discussed, among which the nitrogen chemical state and metal element play important roles. Moreover, the catalyst showed good activity and stability in rechargeable zinc–air batteries, which indicated their potential applications in metal–air batteries, fuel cells, and water‐splitting devices.
Valorising the IoT Databox: creating value for everyone
Authors: Perera Charith , Wakenshaw Susan Y. L. , Baarslag Tim , Haddadi Hamed , Bandara Arosha K. , Mortier Richard , Crabtree Andy , Ng Irene C. L. , McAuley Derek , Crowcroft Jon 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe Internet of Things is expected to generate large amounts of heterogeneous data from diverse sources including physical sensors, user devices and social media platforms. Over the last few years, significant attention has been focused on personal data, particularly data generated by smart wearable and smart home devices. Making personal data available for access and trade is expected to become a part of the data‐driven digital economy. In this position paper, we review the research challenges in building personal Databoxes that hold personal data and enable data access by other parties and potentially thus sharing of data with other parties. These Databoxes are expected to become a core part of future data marketplaces. Copyright © 2016 The Authors Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Macropores and preferential flow—a love‐hate relationship
Authors: Weiler Markus 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPreferential flow is of high relevance for runoff generation, transport of chemicals and nutrients, and the transit time distribution of water in the soil or watershed. However, preferential flow effects are generally ignored in lumped hydrological models. And even most physically‐based models ignore macropores and preferential flow features at the soil and hillslope scale. Keith Beven was never satisfied with this situation and he tried again and again to convince the scientific community to focus their research on the complex topic of macropore and preferential flow. Although he recognized how difficult it is to correctly include preferential flow in hydrological models, he made substantial progress defining and describing macropore flow and showing its relevance, developing models to simulate preferential flow, and in particular, the interaction between macropores and the soil matrix. In this short commentary, I reflect on these achievements and outline a vision for research in preferential flow experiments and modeling.
Homogeneity of echo intensity values in transverse ultrasound images
Authors: Varanoske Alyssa N. , Fukuda David H. , Boone Carleigh H. , Beyer Kyle S. , Stout Jeffrey R. , Hoffman Jay R. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionEcho intensity of skeletal muscle measured by means of ultrasonography has been used to assess muscle quality, however, the heterogeneity of echo intensity has not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, this study examined echo intensity in different sections of panoramic ultrasound images captured in the transverse plane.MethodsEcho intensity of the vastus lateralis was assessed in 24 men (20.2 ± 1.6 years) using panoramic ultrasonography. Echo intensity homogeneity was examined by dividing each image into 3 compartments of equal horizontal length (tertiles).ResultsNo differences were found between echo intensity of the anterior tertile (59.1 ± 9.1 AU), posterior tertile (56.4 ± 9.9 AU), lateral tertile (58.7 ± 9.9 AU), or the overall panoramic image (58.0 ± 8.8 AU).ConclusionsEcho intensity of the vastus lateralis appears to be homogeneous as assessed in the transverse plane. Further research is necessary to determine if still imaging is sufficient to obtain an accurate measure of echo intensity. Muscle Nerve 56: 93–98, 2017.