bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the structure and behavior of Afghanistan’s routine childhood immunization system using system dynamics modeling
Authors: Schuh Holly B. , Merritt Maria W. , Igusa Takeru , Lee Bruce Y. , Peters David H. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how public health and systems science methods can be combined to examine the structure and behavior of Afghanistan’s routine childhood immunization system to identify the pathways through which health system readiness to deliver vaccination services may extend beyond immunization outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach
Using findings from an ecological study of Afghanistan’s immunization system and a literature review on immunization program delivery, the routine immunization system was mapped using causal loop diagrams. Next, a stock-and-flow diagram was developed and translated to a system dynamics (SD) model for a system-confirmatory exercise. Data are from annual health facility assessments and two cross-sectional household surveys. SD model results were compared with measured readiness and service outcomes to confirm system structure.

Findings
Readiness and demand-side components were associated with improved immunization coverage. The routine immunization system was mapped using four interlinking readiness subsystems. In the SD model, health worker capacity and demand-side factors significantly affected maternal health service coverage. System readiness components affected their future measures mostly negatively, which may indicate that the reinforcing feedback drives current system-structured behavior.

Originality/value
The models developed herein are useful to explore the potential impact of candidate interventions on service outcomes. This paper documents the process through which public health and systems investigators can collaboratively develop models that represent the feedback-driven behavior of health systems. Such models allow for more realistically addressing health policy and systems-level research questions.
Role of the national regulatory authority for vaccines
Authors: Baylor Norman W. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
Before vaccines are marketed and used, they must be evaluated and approved by a national regulatory authority (NRA). The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is the NRA in the USA responsible for overseeing and regulating the manufacturing, marketing, and distribution of vaccines. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
Expert review.

Findings
Developed countries have established governmental regulatory agencies to review and determine the safety and effectiveness of vaccines to ensure that the manufacture, sale, and use of vaccines are adequately regulated. However, even today, many developing countries do not have established NRAs. Furthermore, despite similarities, there are still substantial differences in how regulatory authorities in different countries perform minimum functions required for effective regulation of pharmaceutical products, including vaccines. The World Health Organization (WHO), although not a governmental NRA, uses a consultative approach involving its Expert Committee on Biological Standardization and Biologicals Unit to develop regulatory criteria and identify and consolidate current consensus opinions on key regulatory issues. It is through this approach that WHO informs NRAs on the necessary scientific background required to assess and advise on optimal regulatory approaches and methodologies. This paper will focus on the evolution of the US FDA and its role in regulation of vaccines to illustrate the function of a vaccine NRA.

Originality/value
Vaccines are an important resource for protecting people and communities from the mortality and morbidity associated with many infectious diseases. The assessment, licensure, control and surveillance of vaccines are the responsibilities of government regulatory authorities.
Improving immunization practices in United States hospitals and health systems
Authors: Kufel Wesley D. , M. Williams Dennis , Weber David Jay 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
Payment for healthcare services in the USA has shifted from fee for service to compensation based on value and quality. The indicators used for payments are a variety of clinical measures, including administration of vaccines to patients. The purpose of this paper is to describe the implementation of programs in health systems to improve vaccination rates and patient outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach
A search of the literature was conducted to find examples of vaccine programs in US health systems, and also to identify policies to improve immunization rates.

Findings
Successful programs for improving vaccination rates require advocacy and support of leadership, a systematic and multidisciplinary approach, and an evaluation of local resources and capacity. Numerous examples exist of medical, nursing, and pharmacy led programs that improve vaccination rates. The department in charge has relied on the support of other groups to ensure the success.

Social implications
Mandatory vaccination of healthcare personnel (HCP) in the health system has been a growing trend in the USA. Although there has been some resistance to mandatory vaccinations for HCP, the standards and requirements have resulted in improved rates in health systems, which ultimately improve efficiency and protects patients.

Originality/value
This review describes considerations for implementing a successful vaccination program in a health system and provides examples of specific strategies. An overview of mandatory vaccinations for HCP is also described.
Evaluation of project success: a structured literature review
Authors: Albert Matthias , Balve Patrick , Spang Konrad 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
Barnes’ Iron Triangle was one of the first attempts to evaluate project success based on time, cost and performance, which were portrayed as interdependent dimensions. Over time, these criteria were expanded and especially criteria taking the satisfaction of stakeholder groups into account are becoming more and more popular. The purpose of this paper is to find out whether specific patterns for the selection of project success criteria across various fields of applications emerged which has not been regarded in literature before. Furthermore, the authors seek to identify of additional key factors influencing project success assessment next to the choice of project success criteria.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper uses a review of recent literature published in academic journals, in standard references and in widespread project management frameworks (Organisational Competence Baseline, PRINCE2 and PMBoK Guide).

Findings
The findings show that Barnes’ ideas are an integral part of all approaches investigated in the study. Additionally, the relevance of the so-called “soft criteria” related to the satisfaction of stakeholder groups, could be substantiated. However, the authors found no indications that patterns for the selection of project success criteria have emerged across various fields of applications. Factors influencing project success assessment are not taken into account in the examined articles in a systematic manner. This motivates for further research in this field.

Research limitations/implications
Access limitations, papers not yet digitally available or the interpretations have an impact on the results.

Practical implications
For appropriate project assessment the sound and well-rounded selection of hard and soft criteria and the consideration that not the field of application, but influencing factors yet to be analysed influence the selection of project success criteria are crucial. Project management professionals should choose the criteria suitable for their projects individually on a project-by-project basis.

Originality/value
This paper reveals that no patterns have so far been developed to assess project success in various fields of application. Furthermore, factors influencing project success assessment are not considered in a systematic manner.
Factor analyzing project management practices in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Ajmal Mian , Malik Mohsin , Saber Hussein 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the underlying dimensional structure of project management practices to identify key factors that underpin the successful completion of projects.

Design/methodology/approach
It employs exploratory factor analyses to investigate the interrelationships of the survey items synthesized from the literature by retaining and reorganizing the important information from the original data while redundant information is removed.

Findings
The nine theoretical constructs comprising 64 items were coalesced onto five latent constructs comprising 50 items while explaining 50.914 percent of the total variance. The extracted five constructs that describe the best project management practices have been labelled risk management, organizational culture, stakeholder approach, management approach, and project leadership.

Practical implications
The study results benefit both practitioners and the academic community as five broad categories of best project management practices are identified and their interdependencies are established. Project management professionals can use the latent factors as the critical factors for project success, whereas the research community can use the authors’ results to build higher order structural models and to test hypotheses by linking the latent variables with project performance measures.

Originality/value
The study contributes to the discourse on project management by identifying critical practices that contribute to the successful completion of projects.
Viable system model structuring of success factors in software projects
Authors: Puche Regaliza Julio César , Jiménez Alfredo , Val Pablo Arranz 
Published: July 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the principal success factors of a software project structured upon the basis of the viable system model (VSM).Design/methodology/approachTo do so, an exploratory empirical analysis is conducted of a set of software projects, in which the degree of compliance with the requirements set down by the VSM and the success rating of their development are identified.FindingsThe results of the study indicate that the most influential factors in achieving global viability in a software project are the local environment, the organizational units and the intelligent system. Building on those factors, a mathematical prediction model is developed, reaching an accuracy of 63.16 percent in its predictions.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors wish to point out that due to the number of projects employed in the statistical analysis, the results have to be interpreted with caution and are of an exploratory nature.Practical implicationsThe authors seek to show that the VSM is an extremely useful tool for the management of software projects and, by extension, projects of a general nature. The authors therefore suggest that knowledge of VSM would be of incalculable value for managers wishing to manage projects successfully and to survive in such a complex and rapidly changing environment as the software project environment is. Its application allows us to diagnose and to detect the critical factors to achieve such success.Social implicationsIn addition, the research seeks to increase the universality of VSM, contributing to a better understanding of it and a better and greater formalization of it in favor of its acceptance and its practical use, seeking in this way to palliate some critical principals related to its abstraction and limited applicability and to increase its rigor and validity as an instrument for the diagnosis and the design of viable organizations.Originality/valueThe novelty of this study is therefore principally found in the application of the VSM to the organizational structure of a software project in such a way that it allows us to detect key factors in its success. Besides, building on the validation of this proposal through the completion of a quantitative empirical analysis, this study also offers a prediction mathematical model that relates key factors with the success of the project.
The final state convergence model
Authors: Usher Gregory , Whitty Stephen Jonathan 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to expand project management theory about practice and theory for practice through a new conceptual model developed from the transformational production management, strategic management and complexity bodies of theory.

Design/methodology/approach
This research uses a grounded theory methodology. A preliminary model is developed and tested against two case studies. The model is revised and tested using a purposively selected focus group before being presented in this paper.

Findings
The research indicates that the “final state convergence model” which has been synthesized from the transformational production management, strategic management and complexity theories. The model illuminates the complexities that can exist within the practice of project management.

Research limitations/implications
The final state convergence model provides a novel approach to synthesizing new bodies of theory into traditional project management theory.

Practical implications
The model challenges practitioners to think beyond their current conceptual base of traditional project management methodologies, systems, and processes toward a broader conceptualization of project management.

Originality/value
The research adds to the theory about practice and theory for practice through the development of a new model which not only illuminates the complexities of project management but enriches and extends the understanding of the actual reality of projects and project management practices.
Global virtual teams’ education: experiential learning in the classroom
Authors: Magnier-Watanabe Remy , Watanabe Yoshiaki , Aba Olivier , Herrig Harald 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to examine how students can learn how to work in multi-cultural global virtual teams in a classroom-based setting using experiential learning. The students from two graduate programs in France and Japan were given relevant reading materials, individual and joint team assignments on virtual team work and were asked to evaluate their work using previously identified global virtual team key success factors.

Design/methodology/approach
Text-mining and co-word analyses of students’ assignments, and correlations of keyword frequencies with student culture scores provide insights on how students first experience this novel setting, raising their awareness and providing them skills for future application in an organizational setting.

Findings
The process experienced by virtual student teams has many similarities with the team formation stage in virtual teams in organizational settings. Such experiential learning is useful for global virtual team education, as students will have already experienced and solved typical challenges in a safer non-work-related setting.

Research limitations/implications
This study is based on a small sample of respondents and therefore presents inherent limitations in terms of significance and generalizability.

Originality/value
The rise of information and communication technologies has facilitated the creation of new approaches for coordinating work and, subsequently, for new collaborative organizational forms. Little research has been conducted to address education or training for these new and essential forms of collaboration.
Born global firms and accidental internationalists: Has Hennart (2014) opened a can of worms?
Authors: Dow Douglas 
Published: July 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to respond to Hennart’s (2014) challenge to the existing born global literature. In his challenge, Hennart proposes a simpler explanation of why some firms internationalize earlier and more aggressively than others. However, such a parsimonious model of born global firms raises the awkward question of whether born global firms are indeed any different from firms that internationalize more gradually.Design/methodology/approachUsing two extensive surveys of Australian exporters, this paper first explores the degree to which a set of six “facilitating factors” that Hennart puts forward are different across born global and non-born global firms. Next, it tests the second aspect of the debate highlighted above – i.e. whether born global firms behave differently from non-born global firms. This is done by testing for differences in the patterns of early market selection for born global and non-born global firms.FindingsSupport is found for both the role of facilitating factors and for the view that born global firms behave differently from non-born global firms. As a result, it is proposed that the Hennart and the RBV-oriented explanations of born global firms need to be viewed as complementary, rather than competing. Each may represent a necessary but not sufficient condition with respect to born global firms.Originality/valueA systematic testing for differences in facilitating factors and market selection patterns across born global and non-born global firms are both issues that have major implications for the born global literature, and yet have been left largely unexplored to date.
Large numbers of interleukins‐22‐ and ‐17A‐producing T helper cells in cholangiocarcinoma related to liver fluke infection
Authors: Su Si‐Biao , Zhang Jian‐Feng , Huang Fei‐Fei , Cen Yu , Jiang Hai‐Xing 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTCholangiocarcinoma (CCA) associated with liver fluke infection involves inflammatory and immune processes; however, whether these involve the proinflammatory cytokine IL‐17A and proliferative cytokine IL‐22 remains unclear. Here, numbers of IL‐22‐ and IL‐17A‐producing Th cells and cytokine concentrations in 30 patients with CCA and long‐term liver fluke infection, 40 patients with liver‐fluke infection but not CCA, and 16 healthy controls were compared. Analyses were performed using immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, ELISA and RT‐PCR. Immunohistochemical staining showed weaker expression of IL‐22 and IL‐17A in patients with CCA with than in those without liver fluke infection (P < 0.01). Flow cytometry revealed significantly greater median proportions of IL‐22‐producing T helper cells in patients with CCA (2.2%) than in those without it (0.69%) or controls (0.4%, P < 0.001). Similar results were obtained for IL‐17A‐producing T helper cells. ELISA revealed plasma concentrations of IL‐22 were 1.3‐fold higher in patients with CCA than in those without it and 4.6‐fold higher than in controls (P < 0.001). Plasma concentrations of IL‐17A were 2.5‐fold higher in patients with CCA than in those without it, and 21‐fold higher than in controls (P < 0.001). Amounts of IL‐22 and IL‐17A mRNAs in blood were significantly higher in patients with CCA than in the other two groups. Proportions of CD4+CD45RO+ T cells producing IL‐22 correlated with proportions producing IL‐17A (r = 0.759; P < 0.001), and plasma concentrations of IL‐22 correlated with those of IL‐17A (r = 0.726; P < 0.001). These results suggest that both IL‐17A and IL‐22 affect development of CCA related to liver fluke infection.
Planting accelerates restoration of tropical forest but assembly mechanisms appear insensitive to initial composition
Authors: Li Lanping , Cadotte Marc W. , Martínez‐Garza Cristina , de la Peña‐Domene Marinés , Du Guozhen 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Central to the success of restoration is how applied activities influence community assembly mechanisms. Phylogenetic and trait‐based approaches to community ecology are increasingly being used to test for non‐random community assembly and are now being applied to assessments of habitat restoration. A critical question for the restoration of tropical forests is how plantings influence the recruitment of new species, and specifically the phylogenetic and functional diversity of restored habitats.

We examined 8 years (2006–2014) of tropical‐forest recruitment in two restoration planting compositions (12 animal‐dispersed and 12 wind‐dispersed tree species), with a control (no planting) in 24 plots in Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. Specifically, we assessed the influence of plantings on newly arriving individuals’ phylogenetic, functional, taxonomic diversity, abundance and the change of these measures during early succession.

The recruiting individuals’ phylogenetic, functional, taxonomic diversity and abundance increased through succession. Both animal‐dispersed planting and wind‐dispersed planting appeared to accelerate forest succession more than controls (natural succession), and diversity in the animal‐dispersed plantings was marginally higher after 8 years. We did not find any difference in recruiting individuals’ phylogenetic and functional dispersion (measured as standardized effect sizes) in any given year, or when measured as turnover between successive pairs of years, measuring planting composition and control plots.

Recruiting individuals were phylogenetically clustered during early forest restoration regardless of treatment. At the same time, the recruits transitioned from appearing randomly constructed to clustering according to functional traits, which suggests an increase in recruits’ functional similarity during early succession.

Synthesis and applications. Both the animal and wind‐dispersed plantings accelerated the increase of recruiting individuals’ phylogenetic, functional, taxonomic diversity and abundance during early succession. However, planting treatment did not appear to alter community assembly mechanisms of recruiting individuals. Our findings support restoration planting by showing that planting trees with animal dispersal syndrome could accelerate forest restoration more than unassisted forest regeneration. Furthermore, communities appeared to be phylogenetically and functionally clustered during early succession regardless of initial planted composition. Thus, while overall diversity increased with planting, if a restoration goal is to maximize phylogenetic or functional dispersion, the planting composition tested did not provide means to achieve this goal, at least during early succession.
Creating a space to think in adversarial contexts: researching network meetings in statutory childcare interventions
Authors: Mandin Philippe 
Published: July 2017

This research investigated complex relationships between parents and professionals involved in care proceedings, through detailed observations of network meetings – a practice developed in a Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service to engage with families and professionals in adversarial contexts. These take place at the border between the domain of court, often dominated by structural preoccupations, and the clinic valuing experience and relationships. Six meetings were recorded and observed by the researcher in the room. The methodology drew on a number of epistemological traditions to capture the complexity and multi‐layered nature of knowledge and experience. The study evolved into an ethnography‐inspired exploration of structures, relationships and emotions emerging in meetings and the adversarial context of care proceedings. Successful meetings managed tensions between a structure‐dominated domain and the experience‐near domain of the clinic while avoiding being dominated by either.Practitioner points

Structure can be both enabling and constraining
Direct observation and bringing stakeholders together without legal representatives can allow new information and a deeper understanding of human stories to emerge
Chairs have to emphasize the need to work together in order to create a genuine space to think
A three‐phase approach to meetings and assessments can provide a level of containment in order to move between the security of structure and the domain of experience.