bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Martian aeolian activity at the Bagnold Dunes, Gale Crater: The view from the surface and orbit
Authors: Bridges N. T. , Sullivan R. , Newman C. E. , Navarro S. , van Beek J. , Ewing R. C. , Ayoub F. , Silvestro S. , Gasnault O. , Le Mouélic S. , Lapotre M. G. A. , Rapin W. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe first in situ investigation of an active dune field on another planetary surface occurred in 2015–2016 when the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover investigated the Bagnold Dunes on Mars. High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment images show clear seasonal variations that are in good agreement with atmospheric model predictions of intra‐annual sand flux and migration directions that together indicate that the campaign occurred during a period of low wind activity. Curiosity surface images show that limited changes nevertheless occurred, with movement of large grains, particularly on freshly exposed surfaces, two occurrences of secondary grain flow on the slip face of Namib Dune, and a slump on a freshly exposed surface of a large ripple. These changes are seen at Martian solar day (sol)‐to‐sol time scales. Grains on a rippled sand deposit and unconsolidated dump piles show limited movement of large grains over a few hours during which mean friction speeds are estimated at 0.3–0.4 m s−1. Overall, the correlation between changes and peak Rover Environmental Monitoring Station (REMS) winds is moderate, with high wind events associated with changes in some cases, but not in others, suggesting that other factors are also at work. The distribution of REMS 1 Hz wind speeds shows a significant tail up to the current 20 m s−1 calibration limit, indicating that even higher speed winds occur. Nonaeolian triggering mechanisms are also possible. The low activity period at the dunes documented by Curiosity provides clues to processes that dominated in the Martian past under conditions of lower obliquity.
Comparisons of global land surface seasonality and phenology derived from AVHRR, MODIS, and VIIRS data
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyang , Liu Lingling , Yan Dong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLand surface seasonality has been widely investigated from satellite observations for monitoring the dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems in response to climate change. A great deal of efforts has focused on the characterization of interannual variation and long‐term trends of vegetation phenological metrics derived from the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data across regional and global scales. Recently, Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) data have become available for the detections of global land surface phenology. These data sets provide us a potential opportunity to generate a consistent long‐term climate data record of land surface phenology. However, to bridge the multiple‐sensor‐based phenology measurements, we need to understand their consistency and discrepancy across various geographical and ecological regions. To this end, we collected daily AVHRR, MODIS, and VIIRS data (~5 km) globally, compared their temporal trajectories of two band enhanced vegetation index (EVI2) during 2013 and 2014, examined their discrepancy of phenology retrievals, and explored the influence of EVI2 data quality from the three satellite sensors on phenology detections. The results revealed the similarity and discrepancy of EVI2 time series and land surface phenology retrievals globally. Specifically, EVI2 time series from VIIRS and MODIS observations were similar with some discrepancies mainly arising from unsystematic impact factors. In contrast, VIIRS EVI2 was systematically higher than AVHRR EVI2, in which their differences could be greatly reduced by intersensor calibration. Further, the quality of EVI2 time series among AVHRR, MODIS, and VIIRS varied largely across the globe, which was generally better in Northern Hemisphere than in Southern Hemisphere. Their differences in EVI2 data quality led to the inconsistencies in the detections of phenological dates. On average, the absolute difference of phenological transition dates among the three products was larger than 10 days in about 30% of pixels in Northern Hemisphere and more than 40% in Southern Hemisphere.
Ar–ArF Self‐Assembly of Star‐Shaped Second‐Order Nonlinear Optical Chromophores Achieving Large Macroscopic Nonlinearities
Authors: Li Zhong'an , Chen Pengyu , Xie Yujun , Li Zhen , Qin Jingui 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this communication, a new series of multibranched second‐order nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores T1–T3 are prepared using triphenylamine moiety as the core to link different number of pentafluorobenzene groups modified chromophores. Upon increasing the number of branched chromophore arms attached to the triphenylamine core, the NLO coefficients (d33) can be significantly improved accordingly, due to an integrated effect of enhanced site isolation and Ar–ArF self‐assembly. As a result, the star‐shaped T3 consisting of three‐branched chromophore arms realizes an impressive d33 value, up to 191.8 pm V−1, making it an excellent potential material candidate for second‐order NLO applications.
Mild C(sp3)−H Alkylation of 8‐Methylquinolines with α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds by Rhodium(III) Catalysis
Authors: Han Shengnan , Ma Wenbo , Zhang Zhao , Liu Lei , Tang Mengyao , Li Jie 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA straightforward approach to the synthesis of γ‐quinolyl carbonyl compounds has been developed by a rhodium(III)‐catalyzed C(sp3)−H alkylation of 8‐methylquinolines with conjugated C=C multiple bonds. Remarkably, this C(sp3)−H functionalization proceeds under mild reaction conditions, obviates the need for external oxidants, features high atom‐economy, ample substrate scope and wide functional group tolerance. Mechanistic studies provided strong support for an irreversible C(sp3)−H bond activation.
Identification of β‐chain of FoF1‐ATPase in apoptotic cell population induced by Microplitis bicoloratus bracovirus and its role in the development of Spodoptera litura
Authors: Kou Tian‐Chao , Liu Yue‐Tong , Li Ming , Yang Yang , Zhang Wei , Cui Ji‐Hui , Zhang Xue‐Wen , Dong Shu‐Mei , Xu Sha , You Shan , Yu Dong‐Shuai , Pang Zun‐Yu , Luo Kai‐Jun 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTwo physiological changes of Spodoptera litura parasitized by Microplitis bicoloratus are hemocyte‐apoptosis and retarded immature development. β‐Chain of FoF1‐ATPase was found from a S. litura transcriptome. It belongs to a conserved P‐loop NTPase superfamily, descending from a common ancestor of Lepidopteran clade. However, the characterization of β‐chain of ATPase in apoptotic cells and its involvement in development remain unknown. Here, the ectopic expression and endogenous FoF1‐ATPase β‐chain occurred on S. litura cell membrane: in vivo, at the late stage of apoptotic hemocyte, endogenous FoF1‐ATPase β‐chain was stably expressed during M. bicoloratus larva development from 4 to 7 days post‐parasitization; in vitro, at an early stage of pre‐apoptotic Spli221 cells by infecting with M. bicoloratus bracovirus particles, the proteins were speedily recover expression. Furthermore, endogenous FoF1‐ATPase β‐chain was localized on the apoptotic cell membrane. RNA interference (RNAi) of FoF1‐ATPase β‐chain led to significantly decreased head capsule width. This suggested that FoF1‐ATPase β‐chain positively regulated the development of S. litura. The RNAi effect on the head capsule width was enhanced with parasitism. Our research found that FoF1‐ATPase β‐chain was expressed and localized on the cell membrane in the apoptotic cells, and involved in the development of S. litura.
Morphologic characterization of residual DNA methylation in the gastric mucosa after Helicobacter pylori eradication
Authors: Tahara Sayumi , Tahara Tomomitsu , Tuskamoto Tetsuya , Horiguchi Noriyuki , Kawamura Tomohiko , Okubo Masaaki , Ishizuka Takamitsu , Nagasaka Mitsuo , Nakagawa Yoshihito , Shibata Tomoyuki , Kuroda Makoto , Ohmiya Naoki 
Published: May 2017

AbstractResidual DNA methylation in the gastric mucosa after Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication may have a role in gastric carcinogenesis. We examined the association between morphologic features and promoter methylation status of non‐neoplastic gastric mucosa especially after H. pylori eradication. A total of 140 gastric specimens from 99 participants who had at least 6 months of post‐eradication period were examined. The magnifying narrow‐band imaging (NBI) endoscopic feature of gastric mucosa was divided into two types: restored‐small, round pits, accompanied with honeycomb‐like subepithelial capillary networks; atrophic‐well‐demarcated oval or tubulovillous pits with clearly visible coiled or wavy vessels. Methylation status of five candidate genes (MYOD1, SLC16A12, IGF2, RORA, and PRDM5) were examined by bisulfite pyrosequencing. The atrophic type, informative endoscopic features of intestinal metaplasia, demonstrated higher methylation levels in all five genes compared to the restored type (all P < 0.0001). In the restored type, methylation levels were significantly lower among the samples with longer post‐eradication period (for all genes, P < 0.0001), which was not observed in atrophic type (for all genes, P > 0.1). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that atrophic type or presence of intestinal held an independent factor for hyper methylation (odds ratio: 24.69, 95% confidence interval: 6.95–87.76, P < 0.0001). The atrophic type by the magnifying NBI and presence of intestinal metaplasia are the morphologic characteristics of residual DNA methylation of after H. pylori eradication, regardless of the post‐eradication period and it might be considered as the epigenetic irreversible point with H. pylori eradication.
Longitudinal study of quality of life in advanced cancer patients on home parenteral nutrition
Authors: Cotogni Paolo , De Carli Luca , Passera Roberto , Amerio Maria Luisa , Agnello Elena , Fadda Maurizio , Ossola Marta , Monge Taira , De Francesco Antonella , Bozzetti Federico 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSince there is little knowledge regarding the quality of life (QoL) of cancer patients on home parenteral nutrition (HPN), we planned a prospective, longitudinal, double‐center study to investigate the changes of QoL in these patients. One hundred and eleven adult cancer patients who were candidates for HPN following the indications of the European guidelines were consecutively enrolled. For QoL analysis, EORTC QLQ‐C30 questionnaires were filled at the HPN start and after 1, 2, 3, and 4 months, and scores changes over time were analyzed according to the univariate mixed‐effects linear model for repeated measures. Most patients had gastrointestinal cancers, were severely malnourished, and were in stage IV; two‐thirds were still receiving oncologic treatments. Median weight loss over 3 months and body mass index were 11.7% and 20.7, respectively. Median survival was 4.7 (1–42) months; 67 and 34% of patients survived 3 and 6 months, respectively. Global QoL, physical functioning, role functioning, emotional functioning, appetite loss, and fatigue scores had a statistically significant trend over time (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.007, P < 0.001, P = 0.004, P = 0.022, respectively). At the univariate analyses, the determinants significantly associated with changes in trend over time for physical, role, and emotional functioning were oncologic treatments (P < 0.001, P = 0.014, P = 0.040, respectively) and for appetite loss they were weight loss and Karnofsky performance status (P = 0.003, P = 0.023, respectively). Global QoL, physical, role, and emotional functioning improved during HPN even in advanced cancer patients on oncologic treatments.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrogenation/Lactonization of 2‐Acylarylcarboxylates: Direct Access to Chiral 3‐Substituted Phthalides
Authors: Lu Bin , Zhao Mengmeng , Ding Guangni , Xie Xiaomin , Jiang Lili , Ratovelomanana‐Vidal Virginie , Zhang Zhaoguo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHighly enantioselective tandem hydrogenation/lactonization of various 2‐acylarylcarboxylates including 2‐aroylarylcarboxylates were realized by using [RuCl(benzene)(S)‐SunPhos]Cl as the catalyst under mild reaction conditions. Excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99.6 % ee) and activities (S/C=1000) were obtained. This convenient and practical method enables a direct access to a series of highly optically pure 3‐substituted phthalides that are very important molecules as valuable pharmacological compounds and diversified synthons for medicinal chemistry. Moreover, a gram‐scale reaction was performed to further demonstrate the practicality of this approach.
CRISPR‐Cas
Authors: Tetsch Larissa , Böhm Hartmut , Hartung Markus 
Published: May 2017

ZusammenfassungCRISPR‐Cas ist ein adaptives und vererbbares Immunsystem, mit dem sich Prokaryoten gegen invasive genetische Elemente wie Viren wehren. Es eignet sich aber auch hervorragend zur Manipulation von Genomen. Die Nuklease Cas9 wird durch eine Leit‐RNA zu einem bestimmten DNA‐Abschnitt geführt und fügt dort einen Doppelstrangbruch ein. Dieser wird durch ein zelleigenes Reparatursystem verknüpft, wobei Fehler entstehen, die das Gen zerstören. In unserem Experiment wird ein Knockout des stabil in eine menschliche Glioblastomzelllinie eingefügten, viralen Thymidinsynthase‐Gens durchgeführt. Da letzteres mit dem Gen des Grün Fluoreszierenden Proteins fusioniert ist, lässt sich der Erfolg des Experiments an der abnehmenden grünen Fluoreszenz verfolgen. Gleichzeitig fluoreszieren Zellen, die Cas9 produzieren, orange‐rot, da Cas9 immer zusammen mit dem Orange Fluoreszierenden Protein produziert wird. Aus grün wird rot
Corporate Social Responsibility Engagement as a Determinant of Bank Reputation: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Dell'Atti Stefano , Trotta Annarita , Iannuzzi Antonia Patrizia , Demaria Federica 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe relationships between sustainable behavior, firm reputation, and economic performance are significant issues that continue to become more important. Corporate reputation has important implications for economic performance while corporate social responsibility engagement is considered a key determinant of reputation. The aim of this study is to empirically test such relationships regarding the banking sector and for the sub‐prime crisis period (2008–2012). We apply our hypothesis to 75 large international banks using Reputation Institute and ASSET4 data and adopting a multiple econometric approach. Our initial results are encouraging and consistent with the existing literature: bank reputation is positively related to accounting performance and is negatively related to leverage and riskiness profiles. However, while a positive relationship between reputation and social performance exists, relationships between reputation, corporate governance, and environmental performance are always negative. We discuss these results by identifying related causes and by presenting avenues for future research. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Exploring the distribution of groundwater Crustacea (Copepoda and Ostracoda) to disentangle aquifer type features—A case study in the upper Tajo basin (Central Spain)
Authors: Iepure S. , Rasines‐Ladero R. , Meffe R. , Carreño F. , Mostaza D. , Sundberg A. , Di Lorenzo T. , Barroso J.L. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractOne of the most challenging questions in the assessment of groundwater ecosystem health is whether assemblages of groundwater biota can be used reliably as biomarkers. In this study, we aimed to (a) explore the diversity, distribution, and ecological composition of groundwater Crustacea, Copepoda, and Ostracoda communities from six aquifers in Central Spain and (b) relate the structure of the species assemblages to the aquifers' hydrogeological conditions, habitat features, and hydrochemistry. The datasets were simultaneously collected from 24 boreholes drilled in six unconfined aquifers from the upper part of the Tajo catchment. Our results show that the assemblages are primarily influenced by the specific hydrogeological conditions of the aquifer, determined by groundwater flow, supply of organic matter from the surface, and habitat features, whereas the aquifer's hydrochemistry has only a marginal effect. The assemblages from the Tertiary detrital aquifer were the most diverse, containing a mixture of stygobiont and nonstygobiont species distributed preferentially in the recharge area of the aquifer, characterized by medium hydraulic conductivity, high surface input and relatively high water renewal. The Quaternary alluvial aquifer type was found to have a moderate richness with several hyporheic dwellers, indicating an active surface/groundwater exchange with the adjacent stream channel. In contrast, the carbonate aquifer type was less diverse but markedly distinct owing to the high occurrence of stygobionts. Our results provide a step forward in exploring the groundwater biodiversity of aquifers in Spain and towards incorporating an ecological perspective into overall assessments of groundwater status.
Ecosystem consequences of plant genetic divergence with colonization of new habitat
Authors: Mueller Liam O. , Breza Lauren C. , Genung Mark A. , Giardina Christian P. , Stone Nathan E. , Sidak‐Loftis Lindsay C. , Busch Joseph D. , Wagner David M. , Bailey Joseph K. , Schweitzer Jennifer A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWhen plants colonize new habitats altered by natural or anthropogenic disturbances, those individuals may encounter biotic and abiotic conditions novel to the species, which can cause plant functional trait divergence. Over time, site‐driven adaptation can give rise to population‐level genetic variation, with consequences for plant community dynamics and ecosystem processes. We used a series of 3000‐yr‐old, lava‐created forest fragments on the Island of Hawai`i to examine whether disturbance and subsequent colonization can lead to genetically differentiated populations, and where differentiation occurs, if there are ecosystem consequences of trait‐driven changes. These fragments are dominated by a single tree species, Metrosideros polymorpha (Myrtaceae) or ʻōhiʻa, which have been actively colonizing the surrounding lava flow created in 1858. To test our ideas about differentiation of genetically determined traits, we (1) created rooted cuttings of ʻōhiʻa individuals sampled from fragment interiors and open lava sites, raised these individuals in a greenhouse, and then used these cuttings to create a common garden where plant growth was monitored for three years; and (2) assessed genetic variation and made QST/FST comparisons using microsatellite repeat markers. Results from the greenhouse showed quantitative trait divergence in plant height and pubescence across plants sampled from fragment interior and matrix sites. Results from the subsequent common garden study confirmed that the matrix environment can select for individuals with 9.1% less shoot production and 17.3% higher leaf pubescence. We found no difference in molecular genetic variation indicating gene flow among the populations. The strongest QST level was greater than the FST estimate, indicating sympatric genetic divergence in growth traits. Tree height was correlated with ecosystem properties such as soil carbon and nitrogen storage, soil carbon turnover rates, and soil phosphatase activity, indicating that selection for growth traits will influence structure, function, and dynamics of developing ecosystems. These data show that divergence can occur on centennial timescales of early colonization.
Responses of bottlenose dolphins and harbor porpoises to impact and vibration piling noise during harbor construction
Authors: Graham Isla M. , Pirotta Enrico , Merchant Nathan D. , Farcas Adrian , Barton Tim R. , Cheney Barbara , Hastie Gordon D. , Thompson Paul M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe development of risk assessments for the exposure of protected populations to noise from coastal construction is constrained by uncertainty over the nature and extent of marine mammal responses to man‐made noise. Stakeholder concern often focuses on the potential for local displacement caused by impact piling, where piles are hammered into the seabed. To mitigate this threat, use of vibration piling, where piles are shaken into place with a vibratory hammer, is often encouraged due to presumed impact reduction. However, data on comparative responses of cetaceans to these different noise sources are lacking. We studied the responses of bottlenose dolphins and harbor porpoises to both impact and vibration pile driving noise during harbor construction works in northeast Scotland, using passive acoustic monitoring devices to record cetacean activity and noise recorders to measure and predict received noise levels. Local abundance and patterns of occurrence of bottlenose dolphins were also compared with a five‐year baseline. The median peak‐to‐peak source level estimated for impact piling was 240 dB re 1 μPa (single‐pulse sound exposure level [SEL] 198 dB re 1 μPa2 s), and the r.m.s. source level for vibration piling was 192 dB re 1 μPa. Predicted received broadband SEL values 812 m from the piling site were markedly lower due to high propagation loss: 133.4 dB re 1 μPa2 s (impact) and 128.9 dB re 1 μPa2 s (vibration). Bottlenose dolphins and harbor porpoises were not excluded from sites in the vicinity of impact piling or vibration piling; nevertheless, some small effects were detected. Bottlenose dolphins spent a reduced period of time in the vicinity of construction works during both impact and vibration piling. The probability of occurrence of both cetacean species was also slightly less during periods of vibration piling. This work provides developers and managers with the first evidence of the comparative effects of vibration and impact piling on small cetaceans, enabling more informed risk assessments, policy frameworks, and mitigation plans. In particular, our results emphasize the need for better understanding of noise levels and behavioral responses to vibration piling before recommending its use to mitigate impact piling.
Governance in Shaky Societies: Experiences and lessons from Christchurch after the earthquakes
Authors: Bakema Melanie M. , Parra Constanza , McCann Philip , Dalziel Paul , Saunders Caroline 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDisasters have the potential to shake societies and their governance systems not only temporarily, but often for years afterwards as well. Studying disaster governance through lenses of social–ecological systems can provide essential insights in disaster contexts, as disasters occur through the interactions between nature and societies. Drawing upon debates on environmental governance, we examine the interactions between different spatial and temporal levels of governance in the face of disasters. Our analysis is based on an in‐depth case study of Christchurch, New Zealand, in the aftermath of the 2010 and 2011 earthquakes. International experts usually regard Christchurch as an exemplary recovery process. However, frustration is widespread among people in the city as they call for a more socially inclusive process. These diverging views can be explained by the variety of challenges that the earthquakes pose on the society and the consequent different needs and wishes related to different temporal stages and geographical areas. Homogenous governance approaches for post‐disaster recovery for all stages and areas are therefore inadequate, calling for hybrid, more flexible and sustainable governance constellations. A social–ecological approach highlights the dynamic and complex interactions between nature and society, and the hybrid, multi‐level character of governance, which both shapes and is shaped by the behaviour and responses of citizens. Regarding hybrid governance as a social–ecological system can therefore help to better understand post‐disaster realities and support the design of tailored, time‐ and place‐specific governance systems aiming for enhanced resilience and sustainability. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment