bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Which Amount of BMI-SDS Reduction Is Necessary to Improve Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Overweight Children?
Authors: Reinehr Thomas , Lass Nina , Toschke Christina , Rothermel Juliane , Lanzinger Stefanie , Holl Reinhard W. 
Published: June 2016

Context:Knowing the changes of cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) in relation to weight loss would be helpful to advise overweight children and their parents and to decide whether drugs should be prescribed in addition to lifestyle intervention.Objective:The objective of the study was to determine the body mass index (BMI)-SD score (SDS) reduction to improve CRFs in overweight children.Design:This was a prospective observation study.Setting:The study was conducted at a specialized outpatient obesity clinic.Patients:A total of 1388 overweight children (mean BMI 27.9 ± 0.1 kg/m2, mean age 11.4 ± 0.1 y, 43.8% male, 45.5% prepubertal) participated in the study.Intervention:The study included a 1-year lifestyle intervention.Main Outcome Measures:We studied changes of blood pressure (BP), fasting high-density lipoprotein- and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) of insulin resistance index. Change of weight status was determined by δBMI-SDS based on the recommended percentiles of the International Task Force of Obesity.Results:BMI-SDS change was associated with a significant improvement of all CRFs except fasting glucose and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol after adjusting for multiple confounders such as baseline CRFs, age, gender, BMI, pubertal stage, and its changes. BMI-SDS reduction of 0.25–0.5 was related to a decrease of systolic blood pressure (BP) (−3.2 ± 1.4 mm Hg), diastolic BP (−2.2 ± 1.1 mm Hg), triglycerides (−6.9 ± 5.8 mg/dL), HOMA (−0.5 ± 0.3), and triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein)-cholesterol (−0.3 ± 0.2), whereas high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol increased (+1.3 ± 1.2 mg/dL). A reduction of greater than 0.5 BMI-SDS led to more pronounced improvement (systolic BP −6.0± 1.3 mm Hg, diastolic BP −5.1 ± 1.3 mm Hg, triglycerides −16.4 ± 7.1 mg/dL, HDL-cholesterol +1.6 ± 1.5 mg/dL, HOMA −0.9 ± 0.3). Per 0.1 BMI-SDS reduction in systolic BP (−1.0 mm Hg), diastolic BP (−0.8 mm Hg), triglycerides (−2.3 mg/dL), HOMA (−0.2), and triglyceride/HDL-cholesterol (−0.5) decreased significantly, whereas HDL-cholesterol (0.2 mg/dL) increased significantly in linear regression analyses and accounted for multiple confounders.Conclusions:A BMI-SDS reduction of 0.25 or greater significantly improved hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL-cholesterol, whereas a BMI-SDS greater than 0.5 doubled the effect.
Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and the Change of Regional Cerebral Oxygen Saturation in Elderly Patients Undergoing Spinal Surgery
Authors: Kim Jeongmin , Shim Jae-Kwang , Song Jong Wook , Kim Eui-kyung , Kwak Young Lan 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUND:
In this study, we examined the relationship between postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and intraoperative regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) in elderly patients undergoing spinal surgery.

METHODS:
We enrolled 87 patients older than 65 years. All patients were tested using a battery of cognitive function tests (Korean Mini-Mental State Examination and visuomotor test of Dynamic Lowenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment–Geriatric Version) the day before their surgical operation and on the seventh postoperative day. Our threshold for defining POCD for a given patient was a Reliable Change Index score of <−1.96 occurring on 2 tests.

RESULTS:
POCD was detected in 20 patients (23%) at the seventh postoperative day. Between-patient baseline characteristics, surgical data, and baseline cognitive function were similar for both those who developed POCD and those who did not. A univariate analysis that included age, female sex, education level, presence of diabetes, and duration of intraoperative decline in rSO2 to a level of <60% of baseline revealed that only diabetes and duration of rSO2 <60% (odds ratio, 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.005–1.010) were found to be risk factors for POCD. After multivariate logistic regression analysis of these 2 variables, only the duration of rSO2 <60% (odds ratio, 1.006; 95% CI, 1.00–1.01, P = 0.014) remained as an independent risk factor for POCD. The area under the receiver operation characteristic of the duration of rSO2 <60% was 0.70 (95% CI, 0.57–0.82; P = 0.008). The optimal cutoff value was 157 minutes with a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 72%.

CONCLUSIONS:
This study showed that the duration of decline in rSO2 <60% during lumbar spinal surgery was correlated with the development of POCD at the seventh postoperative day in elderly patients.
A new mechanism for nuclear import by actin-based propulsion used by a baculovirus nucleocapsid
Authors: Au Shelly , Wu Wei , Zhou Lixin , Theilmann David A. , Panté Nelly 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
The transport of macromolecules into the nucleus is mediated by soluble cellular receptors of the importin β superfamily and requires the Ran-GTPase cycle. Several studies have provided evidence that there are exceptions to this canonical nuclear import pathway. Here, we report a new unconventional nuclear import mechanism exploited by the baculovirus Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV). We found that AcMNPV nucleocapsids entered the nucleus of digitonin-permeabilized cells in the absence of exogenous cytosol or under conditions that blocked the Ran-GTPase cycle. AcMNPV contains a protein that activates the Arp2/3 complex and induces actin polymerization at one end of the rod-shaped nucleocapsid. We show that inhibitors of Arp2/3 blocked nuclear import of nucleocapsids in semi-permeabilized cells. Nuclear import of nucleocapsids was also reconstituted in purified nuclei supplemented with G-actin and Arp2/3 under actin polymerization conditions. Thus, we propose that actin polymerization drives not only migration of baculovirus through the cytoplasm but also pushes the nucleocapsid through the nuclear pore complex to enter the cell nucleus. Our findings point to a very distinct role of actin-based motility during the baculovirus infection cycle.
Case Report: Prune perineum syndrome: a rare case with an unfavourable outcome
Authors: Lopes Roberto I. , Dénes Francisco T. , Messi Gustavo B. , Machado Marcos G. 
Published: June 2016

Prune perineum syndrome (PPS) is a rare anomaly, with only two previous case reports, both dying in the perinatal period. We report the first case of PPS that reached childhood. The patient presented with a hypoplastic genitalia and bilateral cryptorchidism. There was no evidence of an anal orifice. A significant prune-like mass was observed, extending from the perineum to both gluteal regions and to a cephalic mid-line bony prominence, with a 1cm central orifice that discharged urine. MRI confirmed the previous findings and revealed a right crossed ectopic kidney, intestinal malrotation, a hypoplastic infrarenal inferior vena cava and a hypoplastic right iliac artery. Endoscopic evaluation through the orifice revealed a cavity lined by urothelial mucosa, with a small communication to the anterior urethra in its anterior wall. A staged reconstruction was planned, with a first-step urinary diversion through a continent abdominal reservoir associated to bilateral orchiopexy. He was discharged from the hospital three weeks later under intermittent catheterization. The next surgical step would be the resection of the perineal mass and its cavity associated to the removal of the prominent sacrococcygeal bones. Unfortunately, four months after the first surgery the patient developed an acute abdomen and was submitted to a laparotomy that revealed a necrotic ileal segment secondary to obstructive adherences. He developed severe malabsorption followed by septic shock, dying five weeks after the procedure. Due to the lack of literature, there is no consensus for the management of these cases. The wish of the family for a better quality of life and social acceptance, compelled us to perform a urinary diversion, to be followed by a plastic and orthopedic reconstruction. Despite the successful initial result, the patient developed a late abdominal obstruction that was misdiagnosed, precipitating his untimely death five months after the first procedure.
Les apports néo-schumpéteriens au débat sur les modèles de croissance de l’économie brésilienne au XXI? siècle
Authors: Fonseca Pedro Cezar Dutra , Arend Marcelo 
Published: June 2016

Il existe actuellement au Brésil un vif débat académique concernant le modèle de croissance économique que le pays devrait suivre : « wage-led » ou « exported-led ». Le premier est défendu car il donnerait de la continuité à la croissance économique notamment grâce à la distribution des revenus alors que le second cherche à palier les déséquilibres dans la balance des paiements. Dans cet article, il s’agit de montrer que ces deux modèles de croissance présentent des limites quant à la croissance économique durable avec la distribution des revenus comme conséquence de ne pas tenir compte des aspects structurels de l’économie brésilienne comme sa structure productive et son modèle de commerce extérieur.
Judicialización de la política y grupos de presión en Brasil: intereses, estrategias y resultados
Authors: Carvalho Ernani , Santos Manoel Leonardo , Gomes Neto José Mário Wanderley , Barbosa Leon Victor de Queiroz 
Published: June 2016

Después de 24 años de un orden constitucional en Brasil, ¿qué se puede aprender sobre la interacción entre los grupos de presión y el Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF)?, ¿cuáles son los actores políticos que logran los mejores resultados?, ¿qué temas se juzgan más por el STF?, ¿el Supremo Tribunal privilegia específicamente algún tema o las decisiones son tomadas teniendo en cuenta más al demandante que al tema tratado? Si es así, ¿quiénes son los privilegiados por sus decisiones? Este artículo analiza la interacción entre la sociedad civil y el Poder Judicial, con base en la observación del uso de las Acciones Directas de Inconstitucionalidad (ADI). El artículo estudia, también, las demandas judiciales de los industriales sometidas al STF a través de la Confederación Nacional de la Industria (CNI), y busca evidenciar que: (1) los grupos más poderosos tienen mayor éxito a la hora de proponer las ADI; (2) aunque tenga baja probabilidad de éxito, merece la pena judicializar el conflicto de sus intereses, y (3) la judicialización de los grupos de presión es una estrategia complementaria y articulada con el conflicto de intereses en la arena legislativa.
Current status of iodine deficiency-related disorders prophylaxis in Slovakia – the life’s work of Julian Podoba remained unfinished
Authors: Podoba J , Racova K , Urbankova H , Srbecky M 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Objective. Prophylaxis of iodine deficiency-related disorders with iodized salt in Slovakia was introduced in 1951. This prophylactic measure yielded remarkably good results. Endemic goiter and endemic cretinism disappeared. Sufficient iodine intake, mainly in children and adolescents, was confirmed in several local and international studies carried out in the period 1991–95. Unfortunately, since seventies, there has been no institution which would have dealt with iodine prophylaxis in such an extent as this important measure of Slovak preventive medicine would require. Neither systematic monitoring of iodine intake nor systematic population epidemiological studies have been carried out. We do not have any data on the iodine intake in pregnant women, the most vulnerable population group in relation to the iodine deficiency. During the period June 2014 – October 2015, we examined iodine excretion in 426 probands from three regions of Slovakia with an emphasis on the pregnant women.

Results. Iodine intake was found to be sufficient, even more than adequate, in all age groups of Slovak population. The only population group with iodine intake borderline or very mild iodine deficiency are pregnant women.

Conclusions: 1/ Iodine nutrition in Slovakia is generally sufficient, even oversteps the requirement, with the exception of pregnant women. Iodine intake in pregnant women should be fortified by iodine containing multivitamin preparations. 2/ We recommend to include the examination of urinary iodine into the screening of thyropathies in early pregnancy. 3/ It is not enough to implement the iodine deficiency-related disorders prevention programs, it is also necessary to stabilize such programs over time and balance the benefits with possible side effects of this program.
Predicting pauses in L1 and L2 speech: the effects of utterance boundaries and word frequency
Authors: de Jong Nivja H 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis paper compares the distribution of silent and filled pauses in first (L1) and second language (L2) speech. The occurrence of pauses of 52 L2 and 18 L1 Dutch speakers was evaluated with respect to utterance boundaries and word frequency. We found that L2 speakers paused more often than L1 speakers within utterances; but not between utterances. Similarly, only within utterances, L2 pauses were longer than L1 pauses. Regarding word frequency, both L1 and L2 speakers are more likely to pause before lower frequency words as compared to higher frequency words. These findings imply that L1 and L2 speakers’ production processes may be similar in that (1) pauses at utterance boundaries are used for conceptual planning mostly and (2) lexical retrieval difficulties are comparable for L1 and L2 speakers. These findings furthermore imply that when using fluency for L2 testing, pause locations must be taken into account.
A qualitative analysis of perceptions of fluency in second language French
Authors: Préfontaine Yvonne , Kormos Judit 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn the field of second language (L2) fluency, there is a common adherence to quantitative methods to examine characteristics and features of speech. This study extends the field by reporting on an investigation that analyzed native-speaker listeners’ perceptions of L2 fluency in French from a qualitative perspective. Three untrained judges rated students’ performance on speech tasks varying in cognitive demand and provided justifications for their perceptions of fluency. The goal of the research was to examine the factors that affect raters’ evaluations of fluency in response to three oral performances from 40 adult learners of French of varying proficiency. Qualitative analysis revealed that the main speech features that influenced native listeners’ perceptions of L2 fluency were speed, rhythm, pause phenomena, self-correction and efficiency/effortlessness in word choice, but also in target-like rhythm and prosody. The results of using such qualitative methodology highlights the important role that rhythm plays in fluency judgements in syllable-timed languages such as French, a factor which has not always been given much prominence in previous L2 fluency quantitative research.
On the skew-morphisms of dihedral groups
Authors: Zhang Jun-Yang , Du Shaofei 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
A skew-morphism φ of a finite group G is a permutation on G such that

φ
⁢

(
1
)

=
1

${\varphi(1)\hskip-0.853583pt=\hskip-0.853583pt1}$

and

φ
⁢

(

g
⁢
h

)

=

φ
⁢

(
g
)

⁢

φ

π
⁢

(
g
)

⁢

(
h
)

${\varphi(gh)=\varphi(g)\varphi^{\pi(g)}(h)}$

for all

g
,
h

∈
G

${g,h\in G}$

, where π is a function from G to

𝐙

|
φ
|

${\mathbf{Z}_{|\varphi|}}$

, called the power function of φ.
Furthermore, we say φ is of skew-type
k, provided π takes on exactly k values in

𝐙

|
φ
|

${\mathbf{Z}_{|\varphi|}}$

,
and call the set

Ker
⁡
φ

=

{

g
∈
G

∣

π
⁢

(
g
)

=
1

}

${\operatorname{Ker}\varphi=\{g\in G\mid\pi(g)=1\}}$

the kernel of φ, which is actually a subgroup of G (see [6]).
Though skew-morphism is a pure group theoretical concept, it is closely related to regular Cayley maps. We have a long term goal to classify all regular
Cayley maps for dihedral groups. In this paper, we mainly work on the skew-morphisms of dihedral groups. Let φ be a skew-morphism of the dihedral groups

D

2
⁢
n

=

〈

a
,
b

∣

a
n

=

b
2

=

(

a
⁢
b

)

2

=
1

〉

${D_{2n}=\langle a,b\mid a^{n}=b^{2}=(ab)^{2}=1\rangle}$

.
We prove that the kernel of φ is contained in the cyclic subgroup

〈
a
〉

${\langle a\rangle}$

if and only if φ is of skew-type 4 and preserves

〈
a
〉

${\langle a\rangle}$

. In the case of φ preserving

〈
a
〉

${\langle a\rangle}$

, we give some characterizations of φ, in particular, we prove that φ is of skew-type 1, 2 or 4. Working from these characterizations, an infinite family of skew-morphisms of

D

2
⁢
n

${D_{2n}}$

are constructed, all of which are of skew-type 4 and have kernel

〈

a
2

〉

${\langle a^{2}\rangle}$

, which gives a positive answer to an open problem raised recently by M. Conder [1].
Crystal structure of 4-[(E)-(2-chloro-6-fluorobenzylidene)amino]-1,2-dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-1-phenylpyrazol-5-one, C18H15ClFN3O
Authors: Aljohar Haya I. , Ghabbour Hazem A. , Al-Tamimi Abdul-Malek S. , AlRabiah Haitham , El-Emam Ali A. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
C18H15ClFN3O, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 7.5459(3) Å, b = 25.4267(9) Å, c = 17.0478(6) Å, β = 91.718(2)°, V = 3269.4(2) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt
(F) = 0.0669, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1263, T = 100 K.
Crystal structure of 2-amino-4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile, C17H13F3N2O2
Authors: Bu Xian-Zhong , Shi Juan-Juan , Gao Ke , Long Tao 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
C17H13F3N2O2, triclinic, P1̅ (No. 2), a = 8.2615(7) Å, b = 8.7262(7) Å, c = 11.6521(9) Å, α = 105.872(7)°, β = 104.107(7)°, γ = 95.738(7)°, V = 771.02(11) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0548, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1332, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of 3-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one, C10H8O2
Authors: Fan-Xin Zeng , Xu-Liang Nie , Xin-Chen Shang-guan , Zhong-Ping Yin , Da-Yong Peng 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
C10H8O2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 6.524(3) Å, b = 17.561(9) Å, c = 6.989(4) Å, β = 100.058(7)°, V = 788.4(7) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0418, wR
ref
(F
2) = 0.1069, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of 1-(3-chloropropyl)piperidin-1-ium tetraphenylborate, C32H37BClN
Authors: Mostafa Gamal A.E. , Ghabbour Hazem A. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
C32H37BClN, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 15.7303(6) Å, b = 9.1129(3) Å, c = 19.9295(8) Å, β = 109.143(2)°, V = 2698.9(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0483, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1265, T = 100 K.
Key Factors for the Successful Operation of Clusters: The Case for Slovenia
Authors: Gajšek Brigita , Kovač Jure 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Background and Purpose: Companies are increasingly specializing and developing those key areas with which they can compete on the global market and are linking in clusters that are ingredient of territorial competitiveness. Clusters can play a competitive role in global value chains but once being successful, they may decline. For this reason, researching key factors for the successful operation of clusters in Slovenia is beneficial.
Methodology: This study is based on an extensive review of scientific literature. Theoretical findings are tested by a study of clustering in Slovenia. In practice, we determine the number of operating clusters fifteen years after they were initiated by the institutional environment with help of web pages, e-mails and telephone calls. Using interviews, we determine reasons for the cessation of operations on the part of former directors and factors of successful operations with directors of successful clusters.
Results: The institutional environment initiated start-up processes of creating clusters in Slovenia. After the termination of institutional financial support, Slovenian clusters, which have failed to develop their own financing system, ceased operation. Directors of still operating clusters confirmed that trust between cluster members is the most important success factor in the operation of clusters.
Conclusion: The institutional environment in Slovenia adopted cluster policy and successfully leveraged the establishment of clusters using start-up financing. Less than half of these clusters continue to prosper under their own stream after policy retreatment. Clusters were not prepared for a dramatically different way of working. Trust has become a major driving force of adjusting to new conditions.
Spatial data processing for the purpose of video games
Authors: Chądzyńska Dominika , Gotlib Dariusz 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Advanced terrain models are currently commonly used in many video/computers games. Professional GIS technologies, existing spatial datasets and cartographic methodology are more widely used in their development. This allows for achieving a realistic model of the world. On the other hand, the so-called game engines have very high capability of spatial data visualization. Preparing terrain models for the purpose of video games requires knowledge and experience of GIS specialists and cartographers, although it is also accessible for non-professionals. The authors point out commonness and variety of use of terrain models in video games and the existence of a series of ready, advanced tools and procedures of terrain model creating. Finally the authors describe the experiment of performing the process of data modeling for “Condor Soar Simulator”.
Severe Endothelial Damage in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Prior to Haemodialysis Vascular Access Surgery
Authors: Pushevski Vladimir , Dejanov Petar , Gerasimovska Vesna , Petrushevska Gordana , Oncevski Angel , Sikole Aleksandar , Popov Zivko , Ivanovski Ninoslav 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Background: Hemodialysis as an efficient therapy for advanced CKD is the most used treatment modality all over the world. Even though primary AVF is widely accepted as a best permanent vascular access in hemodialysis patients, up to 60% of all fistulas fail to mature. The pathogenesis of early fistula failure is not very well understood. Many general and local factors are involved: patient′s age, sex, primary renal disease, small vessel′s diameter, presence of accessory veins, prior venipunctures, surgical skill, genetics, etc. Histological investigations have confirmed the neointimal venous hyperplasia as a major pathological finding in stenotic lesions of AVF failure, due to local inflammation, oxidative stress and migration and proliferation of myofibroblasts, fibroblasts and endothelial cells.
Materials and methods: A total of 89 patients with stadium 4-5 of CKD are involved in the study. A typical radio-cephalic AVF is created in all patients. Part of the fistula vein was taken for histological, immunohistochemical (Vimentin, TGF β and KI67) and morphometric analysis. Appriopriate statistical method was applied.
Results: Up to 80% of the patients showed some degree of endothelial changes at the time of creation of AVF, among them 19 pts with substantial intimal hyperplasia, 51 with medial hypertrophy and 19 pts with normal histology. Almost two thirds of the patients did not have expression of TGFβ. More than 95% had some expression of Vimentin. None of the patients had expression of the marker KI 67.
Conclusion: Medial hypertrophy is predominant preexisting pathohistological lesion prior the AVF creation, despite the presence of neointimal hyperplasia. The absence of TGFβ expression in majority of our patients could suggest that inflammation and oxidative stress are developing later, after vascular access surgery. The dominant cells within the stenosis in the veins are myofibroblasts. Their increased presence maybe a reason why some patients are prone to developing venous endothelial changes as a results of exaggerated vascular endothelial response to the effect of uremia, hypertension and other insults.