bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Gait Speed on Muscle Activity Patterns and Magnitude During Stance
Authors: Sousa Andreia S. P. , Tavares João Manuel R. S. 
Published: August 2016

This study aims to assess the influence of gait speed (manipulated through cadence) on muscle activity patterns and activation degree during stance.Methods:Thirtyfive healthy individuals participated in this study. Surface electromyographic activity from the gastrocnemius medialis (GM), gluteus maximus (GMax), biceps femoris (BF) and rectus femoris (RF) was acquired with subjects walking at three different speeds.Results:Speed influenced: (1) relative motor activity patterns at heel strike, midstance-propulsion transition and propulsion; (2) the activity level of RF, GMax, GM and BF, in decreasing order, with higher activity at the fastest and slowest speeds.Conclusions:In general, muscle activity was higher at the fastest and slowest speeds than at the self-selected speed and only the activity of the main actions in each subphase remained stable. These findings suggest that gait speeds different from the self-selected speed influence not only activity levels but also relative muscle activity patterns. As a result, caution is advised when choosing standard speeds in gait studies, as this can lead to increased variability in relative muscle activity patterns.
On Scientific Truth and Evidence-Based Practice
Authors: Rowland Thomas 
Published: August 2016

Science is based on the idea that there is a truth, whether or not we have access to it. What we know depends on systems of knowledge, and we may never be able to get to specific truths, but the idea is that there is a reality; there is a way humans evolved or cancers grow, for instance. And science is a way to get to that.Ariel Ruiz I Altaba (2010)
Aerobic Fitness and Physical Activity in Children
Authors: Armstrong Neil 
Published: August 2016

In Volume 1 of Pediatric Exercise Science (PES), a paper by Fenster et al. (25) investigated the relationship between peak oxygen uptake (peak V̇O2) and physical activity (PA) in 6- to 8-year-old children. They used both questionnaires and large-scale integrated activity monitors (LSIs) to estimate daily PA and determined peak V̇O2 using an incremental treadmill test to volitional exhaustion. They concluded that peak V̇O2 correlated well with PA as measured by LSIs but commented that questionnaire data were only weakly and nonsignificantly associated with LSI and peak V̇O2 data. Peak V̇O2 and PA are the most researched and reported variables in the 25-year history of PES. Yet, the assessment and interpretation of young people’s aerobic fitness and PA remain problematic and any meaningful relationship between them during childhood and adolescence is shrouded with controversy. The present paper uses Fenster et al.’s (25) report as an indicator of where we were 25 years ago, outlines how far we have advanced since then, and suggests future directions of research in the study of aerobic fitness and PA.In the first volume of PES, Fenster et al. (25) investigated the relationship between 6- to 8-year-old children’s peak oxygen uptake (peak V̇O2) and physical activity (PA). Five boys and 13 girls participated in the study and their data were pooled for analysis. Peak V̇O2 was determined during an incremental treadmill test to voluntary exhaustion and PA was estimated using both questionnaires and large-scale integrated activity monitors (LSIs). On the basis of a significant interclass correlation coefficient of r = .59 between peak V̇O2 and the log of LSI average counts per hour Fenster et al. (25) concluded that “aerobic capacity, as measured by peak V̇O2 correlated well with physical activity as measured by LSI” (p.134).They also commented that questionnaire data were only weakly and nonsignificantly associated with LSI and peak V̇O2 data. Young people’s peak V̇O2 and PA are the most researched and reported variables in the 25-year history of PES and yet the assessment and interpretation of peak V̇O2 and PA and any meaningful relationship between them during growth and maturation are still shrouded with controversy. The present paper uses Fenster et al.’s (25) work as an indicator of our understanding of young people’s peak V̇O2 and PA in 1989, briefly reviews what we know in 2013, and suggests future directions of research.
Risk Management Practices at Higher Educational Sport and Recreation Centers
Authors: Mulrooney Aaron , Styles Alvy , Green Eric 
Published: August 2016

Risk management is an issue that has been previously addressed in recreation and athletic professions. The litigious nature of today's society requires that risk management procedures and policies be in place in recreation and athletic facilities. An institution that has implemented risk management procedures will better protect itself from costly litigation. This article is a follow-up to a 1997 article by Mulrooney & Green that discussed the overall risk management process and presented a risk management paradigm for recreational sport facilities. The purpose of this study was to examine college recreation facilities to elucidate if risk management procedures were in place in light of Spiegler v. State of Arizona (1996). This case resulted in a $5,000,000 verdict for the plaintiff, a result that might have been avoided with a properly developed and implemented risk management program. The study also examined the importance administrative personnel placed on having a risk management policy, and to what degree risk procedures and risk management training were implemented. A questionnaire designed and validated for utilization in a previous study was sent to 178 Division 1 universities throughout the United States. One hundred and twenty-three respondents completed and returned the survey. Based upon the results of the study, it is evident that the importance of risk management and its impact on liability reduction has not reached the administration of campus recreation and sport programs.
Introduction to the National Conference on Girls and Women in Sport and Physical Activity: Discovering Strengths of Body and Mind
Authors: Reifsteck Erin J. , Gill Diane L. , Duffy Donna M. 
Published: August 2016

The Program for the Advancement of Girls and Women in Sport and Physical Activity (PAGWSPA) at University of North Carolina at Greensboro UNCG), in collaboration with the National Association for Girls and Women in Sport (NAGWS), hosted a joint National Conference on Girls and Women in Sport and Physical Activity on the UNCG campus, October 20-22, 2011. The conference brought together over 100 scholars, coaches, teachers, and students from across the country to share research, programs and relevant issues related to girls and women’s sport and physical activity. Reflecting the theme, “Discovering Strengths of Body and Mind,” the conference offered a wide variety of sessions including invited scholarly addresses, panel discussions, submitted research, program information, hands-on workshops and special events.The following sections provide an overview of the conference, starting with summaries of the keynote presentations by Jan Todd, Nicole LaVoi and Carole Oglesby. The next sections provide summaries of the invited speakers, two panel sessions, and selected additional information. Brief bios for each of the invited speakers and panelists are provided at the end of the paper.
Does Gender Influence Physical Activity and Psychosocial Factors in Older Exercisers? A Pilot Study
Authors: Orsega-Smith Elizabeth , Getchell Nancy , Palkovitz Lindsay 
Published: August 2016

How does gender influence physical and psychosocial characteristics in physically active older adults? Much of the previous research on physical function in older women focuses on either the frailty of older women or on physical function irrespective of gender. These studies leave unknown the specific influence of regular physical activity on older women.Furthermore, few studies have examined the relationship between physical activity and psychosocial characteristics in older exercisers. We wanted to investigate whether differences exist between groups of older female and male adults who maintain a physically active lifestyle. Twenty-three female and 14 male physically active older adults performed physical function tests (i.e., chair stands, timed up-and-go, 6-minute walk) and filled out questionnaires related to psychosocial measures (i.e., social support, self-esteem, satisfaction with life). There were no differences in any physical function between the groups, and only one psychosocial measure (guidance) statistically differed (F (1, 31) = 4.14, p = .044). These results suggest that physically active women may not necessarily follow the trajectory towards frailty. More research needs to be done with a greater range of ages and physical activity levels.
A Derivation of Aharonov–Casher Phase and Another Adiabatic Approximation for Pure Gauge Under General Rashba Effects
Authors: Kondo Kenji 
Published: August 2016

Spin filters using spin–orbit interaction (SOI) are very important in the field of spintronics. Therefore, a theory of devices using SOI is necessary for designing the spin filters. The spin-filtering devices can be used to generate and detect spin polarized currents. Many researchers have reported on the spin-filters using linear Rashba SOI. However, the spin-filters using square and cubic Rashba SOIs are not yet reported. This is surely because the Aharonov–Casher (AC) phases acquired under square and cubic Rashba SOIs are ambiguous. In this paper, we try to derive the AC phases acquired under [Formula: see text]th order Rashba SOIs, which we call general Rashba SOIs, using non-Abelian SU (2) gauge theory. As a result, we have successfully derived these AC phases without completing the square methods which is useless except for linear Rashba SOI. In the process of derivation of AC phases, we have also found another expression of adiabatic approximation for a pure gauge. This finding will lead to the starting point for deeply understanding the adiabatic approximation. Using the above AC phases under general Rashba SOIs, we investigate the spin filter effect in Aharonov–Bohm (AB) ring with double quantum dots (QDs) under general Rashba SOIs. The spin transport is investigated from left nanowire to right nanowire in this structure within tight binding approximation. Especially, we focus on the difference of spin filter effects among general Rashba SOIs. We have obtained the penetrating magnetic flux dependence of spin polarization for the AB ring subject to general Rashba SOIs. It is found that the perfect spin filtering is achieved for all the Rashba SOIs. This result indicates that this AB ring under general Rashba SOIs can be a promising device for spin current generation without ferromagnetic metals. Moreover, this device under different order Rashba SOI behaves in totally different ways in response to penetrating magnetic flux, which is attributed to [Formula: see text] times rotation of directions of the effective magnetic field in the in-plane momentum. This fact means that we can determine the order of Rashba SOIs according to the peak position. We consider that this is very useful for many researchers.
Bücher aus der Bibliothek Friedrich von Logaus in Weimar
Authors: Seelbach Ulrich 
Published: August 2016

The article deals with the lost library of the poet Friedrich von Logau. Although an heir of a handsome collection, which he expanded vigorously, he left to his son no more than a dozen books, which are preserved in the Herzogin Anna Amalia Library at Weimar today – among thousands of new purchases by the son, Balthasar Friedrich von Logau.
Der Beitrag spricht über die verschwundene Bibliothek des Dichters Friedrich von Logau. Obwohl er Erbe einer stattlichen Büchersammlung war, diese selbst nach Kräften vermehrte, hinterließ er seinem Sohn nicht mehr als ein Dutzend Bücher, die heute in der Herzogin Anna Amalia Bibliothek in Weimar – unter Tausenden Neuerwerbungen des Sohnes Balthasar Friedrich von Logau – aufbewahrt werden.
Transformationen Vergils in der spätmittelalterlichen Literatur: Sangspruchdichtung und Ablassverzeichnisse
Authors: Mierke Gesine 
Published: August 2016

The narrative complex about Vergil the magician, which is increasingly present in the Latin literature since the 11th century as well as in the vernacular literature since the 13th century, gave rise to various researches. Not all testimonials of reception are however documented, especially those of the late medieval literature. Primarily genres like the Mirabilia Romae or the Indulgentiae ecclesiarum Urbis Romae remained widely unconsidered on that premise although several facets of Vergil as a literary figure were being invoked here. Moreover, only little attention is paid so far to the question of the function that corresponds to the Vergil-narratives within the individual texts. This contribution focuses on the transformations of Vergil as a literary figure within the Indulgentiae ecclesiarum Urbis Romae as well as their functionalization in these texts. With a view to the Sangspruchdichtung of the 14th and 15th century, the possible interpretations of the narratives are being explored.
Der narrative Komplex um den Zauberer Vergil, der in der lateinischen Literatur ab dem 11. Jahrhundert und in den volkssprachigen Literaturen ab dem 13. Jahrhundert zunehmend präsent ist, hat zu verschiedenen Untersuchungen Anlass gegeben. Dennoch sind nicht alle Rezeptionszeugnisse vor allem der spätmittelalterlichen Literatur erfasst. Insbesondere Gattungen wie die Mirabilia Romae oder die Ablassverzeichnisse (Indulgentiae ecclesiarum urbis Romae) blieben unter dieser Prämisse weitgehend unberücksichtigt, obwohl hier verschiedene Facetten Vergils als literarische Figur aufgerufen werden. Überdies hat man der Frage, welche Funktion den Vergil-Narrativen in den Einzeltexten zukommt, bisher nur wenig Beachtung geschenkt. Im Zentrum des Beitrags stehen die Transformationen Vergils als literarische Figur in den Indulgentiae ecclesiarum urbis Romae und deren Funktionalisierung in diesen Texten. Mit Blick auf die Sangspruchdichtung des 14. und 15. Jahrhunderts werden die Deutungsmöglichkeiten der Narrative ausgelotet.
Pretransplantation Anti-CCR4 Antibody Mogamulizumab Against Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma Is Associated With Significantly Increased Risks of Severe and Corticosteroid-Refractory Graft-Versus-Host Disease, Nonrelapse Mortality, and Overall Mortality
Authors: Fuji Shigeo , Inoue Yoshitaka , Utsunomiya Atae , Moriuchi Yukiyoshi , Uchimaru Kaoru , Choi Ilseung , Otsuka Eiichi , Henzan Hideho , Kato Koji , Tomoyose Takeaki , Yamamoto Hisashi , Kurosawa Saiko , Matsuoka Ken-ichi , Yamaguchi Takuhiro , Fukuda Takahiro 
Published: August 2016

PurposeAllogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is one important treatment option for patients with aggressive adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). Mogamulizumab (anti-CCR4 monoclonal antibody; Mog) was recently approved as a treatment for ATLL in Japan. Major concerns exist about the possible adverse effects of pretransplantation Mog because Mog depletes regulatory T cells for several months. We assessed the impact of pretransplantation Mog on clinical outcomes after allo-HSCT.Patients and MethodsWe included 996 allo-HSCT recipients age 70 years or younger with aggressive ATLL who were given the diagnosis between 2000 and 2013 and who received intensive chemotherapy by multiple chemotherapeutic drugs as first-line therapy. Before allo-HSCT, 82 patients received Mog with a median interval of 45 days from the last Mog to allo-HSCT.ResultsPretransplantation Mog was associated with an increased risk of grade 3 to 4 acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD; relative risk, 1.80; P < .01) and refractoriness to systemic corticosteroid for acute GVHD (relative risk, 2.09; P < .01). One-year cumulative incidence of nonrelapse mortality was significantly higher in patients with pretransplantation Mog compared with those without (43.7% v 25.1%; P < .01). The probability of 1-year overall survival was also significantly inferior in patients with pretransplantation Mog compared with those without (32.3% v 49.4%; P < .01). In particular, use of Mog with intervals < 50 days to allo-HSCT was associated with a dismal clinical outcome.ConclusionPretransplantation Mog was significantly associated with an increased risk of GVHD-related mortality, which supports the relevance of CCR4-expressing Tregs after allo-HSCT in humans. In clinical practice, Mog should be cautiously used for patients with ATLL who are eligible for allo-HSCT.
Applying Computer Models to Realize Closed-Loop Neonatal Oxygen Therapy
Authors: Morozoff Edmund , Smyth John A. , Saif Mehrdad 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND:
Within the context of automating neonatal oxygen therapy, this article describes the transformation of an idea verified by a computer model into a device actuated by a computer model. Computer modeling of an entire neonatal oxygen therapy system can facilitate the development of closed-loop control algorithms by providing a verification platform and speeding up algorithm development.

METHODS:
In this article, we present a method of mathematically modeling the system’s components: the oxygen transport within the patient, the oxygen blender, the controller, and the pulse oximeter. Furthermore, within the constraints of engineering a product, an idealized model of the neonatal oxygen transport component may be integrated effectively into the control algorithm of a device, referred to as the adaptive model. Manual and closed-loop oxygen therapy performance were defined in this article by 3 criteria in the following order of importance: percent duration of SpO2 spent in normoxemia (target SpO2 ± 2.5%), hypoxemia (less than normoxemia), and hyperoxemia (more than normoxemia); number of 60-second periods <85% SpO2 and >95% SpO2; and number of manual adjustments.

RESULTS:
Results from a clinical evaluation that compared the performance of 3 closed-loop control algorithms (state machine, proportional-integral-differential, and adaptive model) with manual oxygen therapy on 7 low-birth-weight ventilated preterm babies, are presented. Compared with manual therapy, all closed-loop control algorithms significantly increased the patients’ duration in normoxemia and reduced hyperoxemia (P < 0.05). The number of manual adjustments was also significantly reduced by all of the closed-loop control algorithms (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:
Although the performance of the 3 control algorithms was equivalent, it is suggested that the adaptive model, with its ease of use, may have the best utility.
Significant Published Articles for Pharmacy Nutrition Support Practice in 2014 and 2015
Authors: Dickerson Roland N. , Kumpf Vanessa J. , Blackmer Allison B. , Bingham Angela L. , Tucker Anne M. , Ybarra Joseph V. , Kraft Michael D. , Canada Todd W. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose To assist the pharmacy clinician engaged in nutrition support in staying current with the most pertinent literature. Methods Several experienced board-certified clinical pharmacists engaged in nutrition support therapy compiled a list of articles published in 2014 and 2015 that they considered to be important to their practice. Only those articles available in print format were considered for potential inclusion. Articles available only in preprint electronic format were not evaluated. The citation list was compiled into a single spreadsheet where the author participants were asked to ascertain whether they considered the paper important to nutrition support pharmacy practice. A culled list of publications was then identified whereby the majority of author participants (at least 5 out of 8) considered the paper to be important. Results A total of 108 articles were identified; 36 of which were considered to be of high importance. An important guideline article published in early 2016, but not ranked, was also included. The top-ranked articles from the primary literature were reviewed. Conclusion It is recommended that the informed pharmacist, who is engaged in nutrition support therapy, be familiar with the majority of these articles.
The automaton in all of us: GIFs, cinemagraphs and the films of Martin Arnold
Authors: Bering-Porter David 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The work of the experimental film-maker, Martin Arnold, has been described as part structural film, part rap, and part seizure or stutter. Using an optical printer to manipulate 16mm films, Arnold plays with the movement and timing of a film to create an effect like that of a DJ scratching a record: the motion of the film seems to seize, to convulse in repetitive patterns of time. This article focuses on the first and last of a trio of Arnold’s experimental films that include Pièce Toucheé (1989), Passage à l’acte (1993), and Alone. Life Wastes Andy Hardy (1998). The perverse motions studies that Arnold creates are generated through footage taken from Hollywood and detourned to reveal another set of meanings that appear beneath the surface of the original narrative. Arnold’s films belong both to experimental film and to new media and they reveal something about a distinctive pattern of time: a tightening temporal loop that is characteristic of both new media and global capitalism, both of which exhibit a temporality that serves to manage the status quo and to deny real change. This article will trace out the connections between Arnold’s films and certain digital moving images, such as the gif and cinemagraph, in order to better understand the small temporal loop, which expresses something important and unique about the temporality of our time.
A contribution to the sociology of modern work
Authors: de Almeida Paulo Pereira 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This article presents several results of the author’s ten-year research into the world of work at the end of the twentieth century and at the dawn of the 21st, and is also a contribution to the sociology of modern work. The article focuses on current divisions and boundaries in the sociology of work, reflects on the post-Taylor paradigms in modern work, work in the digital age and work in networks, and depicts the logic and organization of modern work in services. The article ends with a reflection on the current issues involved in a specific phenomenon: the ‘servicelization’ of modern work.
‘A trick with rebounds’: Portugal, Zambia and the Rhodesian crisis (1967–1968)
Authors: Barroso Luís 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This article analyses the Portuguese government’s political approach to Zambia between 1967 and 1968. During this time, South Africa was assuming its strategic preponderance in southern Africa while Zambia was the country most affected by the sanctions imposed on Southern Rhodesia. This provided the Portuguese government with an opportunity to persuade the Zambian prime minister Kenneth Kaunda to reject the presence of African liberation movements in Zambia in exchange for transport facilities during the boycott of Southern Rhodesia. However, Kaunda refused to collaborate in this way. Kaunda did not want Portuguese involvement with South Africa and Rhodesia in Angola and Mozambique and sought to offer his good offices in an attempt to end the war in those territories. The firmness of his decision was down to three main reasons: he did not want to be branded a collaborator with the ‘white redoubt’; he did not want Angola and Mozambique to become ‘new Rhodesias’; and he was absolutely sure of the unconditional support of the United Kingdom and the United States.
“É trabalho de Formiguinha”: Hernani Heffner, conservação e preservação na Cinemateca do Museu de Arte Moderna do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Blank Thaís 
Published: August 2016

Entrevista com Hernani Heffner, conservador-chefe da Cinemateca do Museu de Arte Moderna do Rio de Janeiro. A entrevista aborda a trajetória profissional do conservador, os desafios e conquistas vividos na Cinemateca do MAM, as especificidades deste acervo e os dilemas enfrentados pelas instituições que trabalham pela conservação e difusão da memória audiovisual brasileira.