bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process Optimization of Dual-Laser Beam Welding of Advanced Al-Li Alloys Through Hot Cracking Susceptibility Modeling
Authors: Tian Yingtao , Robson Joseph D. , Riekehr Stefan , Kashaev Nikolai , Wang Li , Lowe Tristan , Karanika Alexandra 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Laser welding of advanced Al-Li alloys has been developed to meet the increasing demand for light-weight and high-strength aerospace structures. However, welding of high-strength Al-Li alloys can be problematic due to the tendency for hot cracking. Finding suitable welding parameters and filler material for this combination currently requires extensive and costly trial and error experimentation. The present work describes a novel coupled model to predict hot crack susceptibility (HCS) in Al-Li welds. Such a model can be used to shortcut the weld development process. The coupled model combines finite element process simulation with a two-level HCS model. The finite element process model predicts thermal field data for the subsequent HCS hot cracking prediction. The model can be used to predict the influences of filler wire composition and welding parameters on HCS. The modeling results have been validated by comparing predictions with results from fully instrumented laser welds performed under a range of process parameters and analyzed using high-resolution X-ray tomography to identify weld defects. It is shown that the model is capable of accurately predicting the thermal field around the weld and the trend of HCS as a function of process parameters.
4‐Hydroxyderricin, as a PPARγ Agonist, Promotes Adipogenesis, Adiponectin Secretion, and Glucose Uptake in 3T3‐L1 Cells
Authors: Li Yongjia , Goto Tsuyoshi , Yamakuni Kanae , Takahashi Haruya , Takahashi Nobuyuki , Jheng Huei‐Fen , Nomura Wataru , Taniguchi Masahiko , Baba Kimiye , Murakami Shigeru , Kawada Teruo 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAdipocyte differentiation plays a pivotal role in maintaining the production of small‐size adipocytes with insulin sensitivity, and impaired adipogenesis is implicated in insulin resistance. 4‐Hydroxyderricin (4‐HD), a phytochemical component of Angelica keiskei, possesses diverse biological properties such as anti‐inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antitumor. In the present study, we investigated the effects of 4‐HD on adipocyte differentiation. 4‐HD promoted lipid accumulation in 3T3‐L1 cells, upregulated both peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)‐γ mRNA and protein expression, and acted as a ligand for PPARγ in the luciferase assay. Moreover, 4‐HD increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of adiponectin. Additionally, it promoted insulin‐dependent glucose uptake into 3T3‐L1 adipocytes and increased Akt phosphorylation and glucose transporter (GLUT) 4 mRNA expression. In summary, these findings suggest that 4‐HD, which promoted adipogenesis and insulin sensitivity in 3T3‐L1 cells, might be a phytochemical with potent insulin‐sensitizing effects.
CAEP/9-agreed certification requirement for the Aeroplane CO2Emissions Standard: a comment on ICAO Cir 337
Authors: Green J.E. , Jupp J.A. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThe International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Circular Cir 337 is the first step towards ICAO establishing an Aeroplane CO2Emissions Standard to form part of Annex 16, Volume III to the Chicago Convention. It describes itself as ‘a work in progress’. This paper reviews Cir 337 against the background of flight physics, the published literature on aircraft fuel burn and CO2emissions and the current practices of the aircraft and engine manufacturers and the airline operators. We have taken, as our starting point, the aim of ICAO to reduce the fuel used per revenue tonne-kilometre performed and argue that the Breguet range equation, which captures all the relevant flight physics, should be the basis of the metric system underpinning the standard. Our overall conclusion is that Cir 337 provides an excellent basis for the initial regulation of aviation's CO2emissions and, further in the future, for developing measures to increase the fuel efficiency of the operational side of civil aviation. Our main criticism of the circular in its current form is that it does not address the ICAO goal of reducingfuel used per revenue tonne-kilometre performedand makes no reference to payload. This defect could be eliminated simply by omission of the exponent 0.24 of the Reference Geometric Factor (RGF) in the formula for the metric given in Chapter 2 (paragraph 2.2) of the circular. Retaining theRGFto the power unity in the metric and multiplying it by an appropriate value of the effective floor loading would convert it to what the 37thAssembly of ICAO called for – a statement of fuel used per revenue tonne-kilometre performed. Finally, correlating the amended metric against design range, as determined from the measured specific air range and the key certificated masses, provides a sound scientific basis for an initial regulation to cap passenger aircraft emissions.
A SHORT NOTE ON RUTILIUS NAMATIANUS 1.632
Authors: Rocchi Stefano 
Published: April 2016

Near the end of the first book of his De reditu the poet Rutilius is delayed in Triturrita, on the Tuscan coast, because of the dark and stormy weather. The South-West Wind with its dripping wings—says the poet in an Ovidian imitation—does not cease from summoning pitch-black clouds and obfuscating the sun's light for several days (631–2). Elegant images of constellations (633–8)—perhaps not just ornamental, but also indicating the dates and the duration of the delay—and the reference to the tempestuous sea and to two possible explanations of ocean's tides (639–44) round the first book off (1.631-9):
interea madidis non desinit Africus aliscontinuos picea nube negare dies.iam matutinis Hyades occasibus udae;iam latet hiberno conditus imbre Lepus,exiguum radiis, sed magnis fluctibus, astrum, 635quo madidam nullus nauita linquat humum;namque procelloso subiungitur Orioniaestiferumque Canem roscida praeda fugit.632 negare B: necare VR
Although the meaning of the first couplet (631–2) is clear, a textual difficulty seems to affect the pentameter. Since the editio princeps by Giovanni Battista Pio (B, dated to 1520), a well-established tradition of scholars has preferred the vulgate reading negare to necare, a reading found in V (Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, lat. 277, dated to 1502) and R (Rome, Bibl. Corsiniana, Caetani 158; c.1520/30). However we reconstruct the stemma (bipartite: VB R, V BR; tripartite: V B R), necare was the reading of the archetype, whereas negare could be a banalization of necare or a conjecture of the editor princeps.
Occult level IV metastases in clinically node-negative patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Motiee-Langroudi M , Amali A , Saedi B , Emami H , Ensani F , Lotfi A , Rabbani Anari M 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjective:The present study was conducted to determine the rate of level IV lymph node involvement among node-negative (N0) necks in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue.Methods:The study comprised 32 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue, with tumour–node–metastasis staging of T1–3N0M0, who were admitted to the Otolaryngology Department at Tehran University of Medical Sciences from March 2012 to March 2014. After a complete diagnostic evaluation, wide primary tumour excision (with 1.5–2 cm margins) and extended supraomohyoid neck dissection (levels I–IV) were accomplished.Results:Occult metastasis was found in 28 per cent of the patients. Level I, II and III metastases were the most common (18.75, 18.75 and 15.62 per cent, respectively). Level IV metastasis was found in 6.25 per cent of patients.Conclusion:Supraomohyoid neck dissection appears to be an appropriate treatment for N0 tongue squamous cell carcinoma and there is no need for level IV lymph node dissection in a N0 patient.
Latest trends in the assessment and management of paediatric snoring and sleep apnoea
Authors: Sharma S D , Kanona H , Kumar G , Kotecha B 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjective:To investigate the assessment and management of paediatric snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea in UK otolaryngology departments.Method:A telephone questionnaire survey of UK otolaryngology departments was conducted over a 16-week period.Results:The response rate was 61 per cent (85 out of 139 trusts). Use of pre-operative pulse oximetry was reported by 84 per cent of respondents, mainly to diagnose obstructive sleep apnoea (73 per cent) or stratify post-operative risk (46 per cent). Thirty-one per cent of respondents reported using post-operative pulse oximetry. Twenty-five per cent of respondents have a dedicated management protocol for paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea and snoring. Thirty-four per cent require prior clinical commissioning group approval before performing surgery. Fifty-eight per cent of respondents reported following up their obstructive sleep apnoea patients after surgery. The mean follow-up period (±standard deviation) was 6.8 ± 1.2 weeks.Conclusion:There is variation in the assessment and management of paediatric snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea across the UK, particularly in the use of pre- and post-operative pulse oximetry monitoring, and further guidelines regarding this are necessary.
Extracranial internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm in a two-year-old child: case report
Authors: Roos M , Butler I 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackground:Extracranial internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm is very rare in children.Method:This paper discusses the case of a boy, aged two years and six months, who presented with an enlarging neck mass and unilateral bloody otorrhoea. Special investigations revealed an extracranial internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm.Results:The patient made a full recovery after endovascular occlusion of the internal carotid artery and pseudoaneurysm using coils. At six months’ follow up, the internal carotid artery and pseudoaneurysm remained excluded from the circulation. The patient did not display any neurological deficits during hospital stay or follow up.Conclusion:This paper reports on one of the youngest patients documented to date who presented with an internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm, possibly secondary to ear infection. Although rare, this condition should be excluded in children presenting with a mass of the neck or pharynx because of the dire consequences if left undiagnosed and untreated.
Addressing the ageing workforce: a critical examination of legal policy objectives and values in the United Kingdom
Authors: BLACKHAM ALYSIA 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTPopulation ageing is a key challenge confronting European policy makers. Ageing is a complex issue, requiring a value-driven approach to law and policy. However, there has been limited consideration of what values are driving ageing law and policy in the European Union, or if these values are appropriate. Drawing on an empirical study of United Kingdom (UK) legal policy documents, this paper identifies and critiques the primary values and objectives driving ageing law and policy in the field of employment. It is argued that the values driving UK law and policy are often contested, contradictory and under-defined, and there has been limited thought given to how they should be prioritised in the event they conflict. Thus, there is a serious need to reconsider the approach to age and employment taken by policy makers, and to clarify better the key values on which law and policy rest.
Legislative Error and the “Politics of Haste”
Authors: Lewallen Jonathan 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTLegislative error is an important and understudied element of the policy process. Even simple clerical mistakes—if unnoticed before enactment—can lead to ambiguity about a law’s meaning, spark political battles concerning rulemaking and implementation, and involve the courts in statutory interpretation. Understanding how and why error occurs can help us better understand how political institutions are intertwined in the design, enactment, and implementation of public policy. This article analyzes the sources of legislative error using data on corrected legislation in the US Senate from 1981 to 2012. The author finds that Senate drafting error is related to unified control of Congress and new majority parties, inexperienced committee members, and committee workload. In addition to bringing in different perspectives and preferences, elections can affect a legislature’s ability to draft clear, error-free statutes.
How Are We Doing? Data Access and Replication in Political Science
Authors: Key Ellen M. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTData access and research transparency (DA-RT) is a growing concern for the discipline. Technological advances have greatly reduced the cost of sharing data, enabling full replication archives consisting of data and code to be shared on individual websites, as well as journal archives and institutional data repositories. But how do we ensure that scholars take advantage of these resources to share their replication archives? Moreover, are the costs of research transparency borne by individuals or by journals? This article assesses the impact of journal replication policies on data availability and finds that articles published in journals with mandatory provision policies are 24 times more likely to have replication materials available than articles those with no requirements.
Planetary science and exploration in the deep subsurface: results from the MINAR Program, Boulby Mine, UK
Authors: Payler Samuel J. , Biddle Jennifer F. , Coates Andrew J. , Cousins Claire R. , Cross Rachel E. , Cullen David C. , Downs Michael T. , Direito Susana O. L. , Edwards Thomas , Gray Amber L. , Genis Jac , Gunn Matthew , Hansford Graeme M. , Harkness Patrick , Holt John , Josset Jean-Luc , Li Xuan , Lees David S. , Lim Darlene S. S. , Mchugh Melissa , Mcluckie David , Meehan Emma , Paling Sean M. , Souchon Audrey , Yeoman Louise , Cockell Charles S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe subsurface exploration of other planetary bodies can be used to unravel their geological history and assess their habitability. On Mars in particular, present-day habitable conditions may be restricted to the subsurface. Using a deep subsurface mine, we carried out a program of extraterrestrial analog research – MINe Analog Research (MINAR). MINAR aims to carry out the scientific study of the deep subsurface and test instrumentation designed for planetary surface exploration by investigating deep subsurface geology, whilst establishing the potential this technology has to be transferred into the mining industry. An integrated multi-instrument suite was used to investigate samples of representative evaporite minerals from a subsurface Permian evaporite sequence, in particular to assess mineral and elemental variations which provide small-scale regions of enhanced habitability. The instruments used were the Panoramic Camera emulator, Close-Up Imager, Raman spectrometer, Small Planetary Linear Impulse Tool, Ultrasonic drill and handheld X-ray diffraction (XRD). We present science results from the analog research and show that these instruments can be used to investigate in situ the geological context and mineralogical variations of a deep subsurface environment, and thus habitability, from millimetre to metre scales. We also show that these instruments are complementary. For example, the identification of primary evaporite minerals such as NaCl and KCl, which are difficult to detect by portable Raman spectrometers, can be accomplished with XRD. By contrast, Raman is highly effective at locating and detecting mineral inclusions in primary evaporite minerals. MINAR demonstrates the effective use of a deep subsurface environment for planetary instrument development, understanding the habitability of extreme deep subsurface environments on Earth and other planetary bodies, and advancing the use of space technology in economic mining.
Deep data science to prevent and treat growth faltering in Maya children
Authors:   the Healthy Birth, Growth, and Development – Knowledge Integration (HBGDki) Initiative, Varela-Silva M I , Bogin B , Sobral J A G , Dickinson F , Monserrat-Revillo S 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The Maya people are descended from the indigenous inhabitants of southern Mexico, Guatemala and adjacent regions of Central America. In Guatemala, 50% of infants and children are stunted (very low height-for-age), and some rural Maya regions have >70% children stunted. A large, longitudinal, intergenerational database was created to (1) provide deep data to prevent and treat somatic growth faltering and impaired neurocognitive development, (2) detect key dependencies and predictive relations between highly complex, time-varying, and interacting biological and cultural variables and (3) identify targeted multifactorial intervention strategies for field testing and validation. Contributions to this database included data from the Universidad del Valle de Guatemala Longitudinal Study of Child and Adolescent Development, child growth and intergenerational studies among the Maya in Mexico and studies about Maya migrants in the United States.
Low excitatory innervation balances high intrinsic excitability of immature dentate neurons
Authors: Dieni Cristina V. , Panichi Roberto , Aimone James B. , Kuo Chay T. , Wadiche Jacques I. , Overstreet-Wadiche Linda 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPersistent neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus produces immature neurons with high intrinsic excitability and low levels of inhibition that are predicted to be more broadly responsive to afferent activity than mature neurons. Mounting evidence suggests that these immature neurons are necessary for generating distinct neural representations of similar contexts, but it is unclear how broadly responsive neurons help distinguish between similar patterns of afferent activity. Here we show that stimulation of the entorhinal cortex in mouse brain slices paradoxically generates spiking of mature neurons in the absence of immature neuron spiking. Immature neurons with high intrinsic excitability fail to spike due to insufficient excitatory drive that results from low innervation rather than silent synapses or low release probability. Our results suggest that low synaptic connectivity prevents immature neurons from responding broadly to cortical activity, potentially enabling excitable immature neurons to contribute to sparse and orthogonal dentate representations.
Nanostructured photoelectrochemical solar cell for nitrogen reduction using plasmon-enhanced black silicon
Authors: Ali Muataz , Zhou Fengling , Chen Kun , Kotzur Christopher , Xiao Changlong , Bourgeois Laure , Zhang Xinyi , MacFarlane Douglas R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAmmonia (NH3) is one of the most widely produced chemicals worldwide. It has application in the production of many important chemicals, particularly fertilizers. It is also, potentially, an important energy storage intermediate and clean energy carrier. Ammonia production, however, mostly uses fossil fuels and currently accounts for more than 1.6% of global CO2 emissions (0.57 Gt in 2015). Here we describe a solar-driven nanostructured photoelectrochemical cell based on plasmon-enhanced black silicon for the conversion of atmospheric N2 to ammonia producing yields of 13.3 mg m−2 h−1 under 2 suns illumination. The yield increases with pressure; the highest observed in this work was 60 mg m−2 h−1 at 7 atm. In the presence of sulfite as a reactant, the process also offers a direct solar energy route to ammonium sulfate, a fertilizer of economic importance. Although the yields are currently not sufficient for practical application, there is much scope for improvement in the active materials in this cell.
Mutations in human C2CD3 cause skeletal dysplasia and provide new insights into phenotypic and cellular consequences of altered C2CD3 function
Authors: Cortés Claudio R. , McInerney-Leo Aideen M. , Vogel Ida , Rondón Galeano Maria C. , Leo Paul J. , Harris Jessica E. , Anderson Lisa K. , Keith Patricia A. , Brown Matthew A. , Ramsing Mette , Duncan Emma L. , Zankl Andreas , Wicking Carol 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCiliopathies are a group of genetic disorders caused by defective assembly or dysfunction of the primary cilium, a microtubule-based cellular organelle that plays a key role in developmental signalling. Ciliopathies are clinically grouped in a large number of overlapping disorders, including the orofaciodigital syndromes (OFDS), the short rib polydactyly syndromes and Jeune asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy. Recently, mutations in the gene encoding the centriolar protein C2CD3 have been described in two families with a new sub-type of OFDS (OFD14), with microcephaly and cerebral malformations. Here we describe a third family with novel compound heterozygous C2CD3 mutations in two fetuses with a different clinical presentation, dominated by skeletal dysplasia with no microcephaly. Analysis of fibroblast cultures derived from one of these fetuses revealed a reduced ability to form cilia, consistent with previous studies in C2cd3-mutant mouse and chicken cells. More detailed analyses support a role for C2CD3 in basal body maturation; but in contrast to previous mouse studies the normal recruitment of the distal appendage protein CEP164 suggests that this protein is not sufficient for efficient basal body maturation and subsequent axonemal extension in a C2CD3-defective background.
Drug target identification using network analysis: Taking active components in Sini decoction as an example
Authors: Chen Si , Jiang Hailong , Cao Yan , Wang Yun , Hu Ziheng , Zhu Zhenyu , Chai Yifeng 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIdentifying the molecular targets for the beneficial effects of active small-molecule compounds simultaneously is an important and currently unmet challenge. In this study, we firstly proposed network analysis by integrating data from network pharmacology and metabolomics to identify targets of active components insinidecoction (SND) simultaneously against heart failure. To begin with, 48 potential active components in SND against heart failure were predicted by serum pharmacochemistry, text mining and similarity match. Then, we employed network pharmacology including text mining and molecular docking to identify the potential targets of these components. The key enriched processes, pathways and related diseases of these target proteins were analyzed by STRING database. At last, network analysis was conducted to identify most possible targets of components in SND. Among the 25 targets predicted by network analysis, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) was firstly experimentally validated in molecular and cellular level. Results indicated that hypaconitine, mesaconitine, higenamine and quercetin in SND can directly bind to TNF-α, reduce the TNF-α-mediated cytotoxicity on L929 cells and exert anti-myocardial cell apoptosis effects. We envisage that network analysis will also be useful in target identification of a bioactive compound.