bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prophylactic Postoperative Antibiotics May Not Reduce Pin Site Infections after External Fixation
Authors: Fragomen Austin T. , Miller Andy O. , Brause Barry D. , Goldman Vladimir , Rozbruch S. Robert 
Published: December 2016

Background Pin infection continues to be a nuisance when using definitive external fixation. Prophylactic antibiotic treatment has been proposed in an effort to decrease pin complications. Questions/Purposes We performed a prospective, randomized, single-blinded study to answer the following questions: (1) what was the effect of a 10-day course of oral prophylactic antibiotics administered immediately after external fixation surgery on the incidence of a subsequent pin infection, (2) what was the effect on the severity of a subsequent pin infection, and (3) what was the effect on the timing of a subsequent pin infection? Methods Patients were randomized into antibiotic treatment and control groups, and incidence, severity, and time of onset of pin infection were recorded. Results The incidence of pin infection for the entire cohort during the 90-day observation period was 46/58 (79%) without a statistically significant difference ( p = 0.106). There was no statistical difference found ( p = 0.512) in pin infection severity. There was no significant difference in the time of onset of infection between the two groups from the date of surgery ( p = 0.553). Conclusions Our randomized data do not suggest that oral antibiotics alter the incidence, timing, or severity of pin infection. This study does not support the use of prophylactic oral antibiotics in healthy patients.
Brief report: The role of three dimensions of sexual well‐being in adolescents' life satisfaction
Authors: Espinosa‐Hernández Graciela , Vasilenko Sara A. , McPherson Jenna L. , Gutierrez Estefania , Rodriguez Andrea 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTGuided by theoretical (Brooks‐Gunn & Paikoff, 1997) and empirical work (Horne & Zimmer‐Gembeck, 2005), this cross‐sectional study examined whether sexual well‐being (sexual self‐acceptance, importance of mutual consent, importance of safe sex) was associated with life satisfaction among Mexican adolescents, and whether these associations were moderated by gender, age, and familism. Mexican adolescents (54% girls, 72% middle schoolers, 30% sexually active) completed surveys. Findings indicated that a greater belief in the importance of safe sex was associated with higher levels of life satisfaction. Greater sexual self‐acceptance was associated with life satisfaction, and familism moderated this association. This association was stronger among adolescents who reported low familism. This study contributes to the understanding of sexual adolescent well‐being and psychological adjustment in Mexico, an understudied cultural context.
Back to Basics: Preventing Perioperative Pressure Injuries
Authors: Spruce Lisa 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPressure injury prevention is essential to patient safety in the perioperative setting. Perioperative nurses should be knowledgeable about the risk factors for pressure injury and the safety precautions that can be taken to prevent this injury from occurring. Perioperative nurses should be able to identify patients who are at high risk for developing a pressure injury. Perioperative patients are at risk for developing pressure injuries because they can experience intense or prolonged pressure during lengthy surgical procedures, may have increased pressure on bony prominences from positioning, are exposed to friction or shear during transfer to the OR bed and positioning, and often have significant comorbidities. This Back to Basics article examines the risk factors for pressure injuries in the perioperative patient population and discusses screening and prevention measures that can be implemented.
Transoral Robotic Surgery
Authors: Yee Shokjean 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTransoral robotic surgery (TORS) is a technique used to treat oral, throat, and skull base cancers using a minimally invasive robotic approach through the mouth and throat. The TORS procedure allows deeper access and dissection of suspicious lesions and neoplastic growths in the oral cavity and those that extend from the throat to the base of the skull. Robotic surgery allows the surgeon to operate in tight spaces without a large open incision. This article discusses symptoms and risk factors of oral, throat, and skull base cancers; types of procedures that can be performed using the TORS approach; specialized instrumentation; patient selection; surgical advantages and disadvantages; patient benefits; and the role of the surgical team in preparing to intraoperatively care for the TORS patient.
Application of noninvasive brain stimulation for post‐stroke dysphagia rehabilitation
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Song Wei‐Qun , Wang Liang 
Published: December 2016

AbstractNoninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS), commonly consisting of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct‐current stimulation (tDCS), as well as paired associative stimulation (PAS), has attracted increased interest and been applied experimentally in the treatment of post‐stroke dysphagia (PSD). This review presented a synopsis of the current research for the application of NIBS on PSD. The intention here was to understand the current research progress and limitations in this field and to stimulate potential research questions not yet investigated for the application of NIBS on patients with PSD. Here we successively reviewed advances of repetitive TMS (rTMS), tDCS, and PAS techniques on both healthy participants and PSD patients in three aspects, including scientific researches about dysphagia mechanism, applied studies about stimulation parameters, and clinical trials about their therapeutic effects. The techniques of NIBS, especially rTMS, have been used by the researchers to explore the different mechanisms between swallowing recovery and extremity rehabilitation. The key findings included the important role of intact hemisphere reorganization for PSD recovery, and the use of NIBS on the contra‐lesional side as a therapeutic potential for dysphagia rehabilitation. Though significant results were achieved in most studies by using NIBS on swallowing rehabilitation, it is still difficult to draw conclusions for the efficacy of these neurostimulation techniques, considering the great disparities between studies.
Perceptions of transformational leadership and job satisfaction: The roles of personality traits and psychological empowerment
Authors: Aydogmus Ceren , Metin Camgoz Selin , Ergeneli Azize , Tayfur Ekmekci Ozge 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThrough two studies, this paper investigates the moderating effects of personality traits (i.e., extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness and neuroticism) and the mediating effect of psychological empowerment on the relationship between perceived transformational leadership and job satisfaction. Study 1 searches whether personality traits moderate the effects of perceived transformational leadership on followers’ job satisfaction. Using a sample of 221 R&D employees employed by information technology organizations, the results of Study 1 indicate that the more conscientious the employee, the stronger the relationship between perceived transformational leadership and job satisfaction. Study 2 explores whether psychological empowerment mediates the effects of perceived transformational leadership on followers’ job satisfaction. Based on data from 348 academics, the results support the mediating role of psychological empowerment on job satisfaction, in that when employees perceive their leader as transformational they feel more psychologically empowered, which in turn increases job satisfaction levels. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Dating of Russian Hunting Stations in South Spitsbergen Using Dendrochronological and Radiocarbon Analyses
Authors: Chochorowski Jan , Krąpiec Marek 
Published: December 2016

AbstractExcavations conducted in 1982–1987 by the Polish archaeological expedition of Jagiellonian University in the Sørkappland and Hornsund fjord regions of Spitsbergen encompassed the three Pomor hunting stations of Bjørnbeinflyene, Palffyodden, and Schönningholmane, and included relics from the landing site on the Tørrflya coast used by the Pomors. The wood recovered during the excavations, originating from wooden dwellings, monumental crosses, and a shipwreck, was subjected to dendrochronological analysis. In total, 26 samples were examined, which allowed for the following chronologies to be developed: SPITS_A3 (larch, 9 samples, 208 yr); SPITS_B1 (pine, 5 samples, 222 yr); and SPITS_C1 (spruce, 2 samples, 142 yr). The dendrochronological dating obtained for the spruce sequence was established as AD 1769–1910. The chronological position of the remaining sequences was established by means of wiggle-matching. The results suggest that the youngest rings of the larch sequence cannot be older than AD 1745, and the youngest rings of the pine sequence date within the period of AD 1697–1805 or 1837–1869. Absolute dates obtained for the wood from the huts from the northern part of Sørkappland are consistent with the chronological framework established based on historical data. Thus, the hypothesis positing pre-Barents chronology of the Russianpromyslin the investigated area could not be confirmed.
Age differences in the use of serving size information on food labels: numeracy or attention?
Authors: Miller Lisa M Soederberg , Applegate Elizabeth , Beckett Laurel A , Wilson Machelle D , Gibson Tanja N 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe ability to use serving size information on food labels is important for managing age-related chronic conditions such as diabetes, obesity and cancer. Past research suggests that older adults are at risk for failing to accurately use this portion of the food label due to numeracy skills. However, the extent to which older adults pay attention to serving size information on packages is unclear. We compared the effects of numeracy and attention on age differences in accurate use of serving size information while individuals evaluated product healthfulness.DesignAccuracy and attention were assessed across two tasks in which participants compared nutrition labels of two products to determine which was more healthful if they were to consume the entire package. Participants’ eye movements were monitored as a measure of attention while they compared two products presented side-by-side on a computer screen. Numeracy as well as food label habits and nutrition knowledge were assessed using questionnaires.SettingSacramento area, California, USA, 2013–2014.SubjectsStratified sample of 358 adults, aged 20–78 years.ResultsAccuracy declined with age among those older adults who paid less attention to serving size information. Although numeracy, nutrition knowledge and self-reported food label use supported accuracy, these factors did not influence age differences in accuracy.ConclusionsThe data suggest that older adults are less accurate than younger adults in their use of serving size information. Age differences appear to be more related to lack of attention to serving size information than to numeracy skills.
The Role of Field Independence in Foreign Language Instruction
Authors: De Keyser Robert M. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Based on the educational implications of field (in)dependence as described by Witkin et al. (1977), a series of hypotheses are formulated concerning the role of FI in L2-learning with different methods. Most existing L2-research, in contrast, has studied FI, usually assessed with the EFT, as an aptitude for learning with any particular teaching method, and has yielded somewhat inconsistent results, with a tendency to mild positive correlations between FI and L2-achievement. It is argued that FI in L2-learning should be viewed in the aptitude-treatment interaction paradigm and a series of suggestions are made concerning the assessment of FI as well as the design and the outcome measures for such interaction research.
Bilingual Acquisition of L1 Punjabi and L2 English by Sandwell Primary School Children
Authors: Duncan D.M. , Gibbs D.A. , Noor N.S. , Whittaker H.M. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
Diagnostic Expressive Language (Syntax) Tests of L1 Punjabi and L2 English were devised by a joint Health and Education Department team and administered to 99 Punjabi-speaking sub-jects after 5, 8 and 11 Terms of School in England. Their scores were analysed on a two-dimensional matrix by error analysis to form profiles of their behaviour in the two lanÂguages. Both L1 Punjabi and L2 English were seen to develop with age, the former showing a spurt between 8 and 11 Terms (7 1/2 to 8 1/2 years) and the latter reflecting a steady acquisition. Language 'transfer' of certain features where the formal and developmental axes of the two languages converge was seen to take place from English to Punjabi but not conÂversely
Making Input Comprehensible
Authors: Pica Teresa , Doughty Catherine J. , Young Richard 
Published: December 2016

In view of the evidence that comprehensible input is necessary for language acquisition (Krashen 1980, 1982, Long 1981, 1983, 1985), this study compared the listening comprehension of NNSs' of English on directions to an assembly task given by a NS under two input conditions : (1) Syntactically and semantically premodified input without interaction and (2) Unmodified input with interaction.
Two hypotheses were tested in the study. First, it was predicted that interaction in Condition (2) would lead to even greater syntactic and semantic modification of input than was built in a priori in Condition (1) and second, that NNSs' comprehension of input in Condition (2) would exceed that in Condition (1). Both hypotheses were supported.
Analysis of the data indicated that the most significant aids to comprehension brought about by interaction were increased quantity and redundancy of input. Several specific interactional modifications, such as confirmation and comprehension checks and clarification requests were also shown to be critical factors in input comprehension. However, a reduction in the syntactic complexity of the input was observed to play no significant role in its comprehension.
Textual Cohesion in Hindi
Authors: Singh Rajendra , Kachroo Balkrishan 
Published: December 2016

The purpose of this paper is to summarize some preliminary research on textual cohesion in Hindi. The study of linguistic cohesion attempts to isolate linguistic devices used to ‘link’ sentences in a discourse. The present study was undertaken to find out exactly what cohesion devices are used in Hindi and how the linking texture of Hindi discourses differs from that of English.Although both Hindi and English use some of the same cohesion devices, there are both quantitative and qualitative differences in their textures. This paper focuses on Hindi-particular cohesion devices and on devices differentially exploited to Hindi and English.An example of a Hindi particular cohesion device is ‘Adjective Promotion’. The differential exploitation of the device of co-referential NP provides an example of the second type of difference between the two languages. Hindi uses it far more frequently than English.Our results also provide evidence for the hypothesis that parallel sublanguages of Hindi and English are more alike in their cohesive texture than are different sub-languages of either of these two languages. ‘Stylistic contact’ in the domain of more technical sublanguage may provide an explanation for this.Our study shows not only what some of the Hindi-particular cohesion devies are but also how a large number of shared cohesion devices are differentially exploited by different languages and what sorts of trade-offs are made amongst the major types of cohesion devices (semantic, syntactic, morphological, and lexical).
Morpheme Data Analysis in Second Language Acquisition Research
Authors: Pica Teresa 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This article will review options which confront second language acquisition researchers in their analysis of a learner’s morpheme production. It will first critically examine several different procedures which can be used to compute production accuracy, particularly when assigning values to morpheme oversuppliance, substitution, and regularization, and then review various ways in which morpheme suppliance scores can be computed within individual linguistic contexts or on overall basis, across a speaker’s corpus.
Conversations with 18 native Spanish speaking adult acquirers of English L2 will be used to highlight the often contradictory results obtained when one procedure is chosen over another to quantify the same corpus of morphemes, and to set forth problems which arise when comparisons are made of learners whose morpheme production accuracy has not been computed under the same procedures. Finally, the argument will be made that issues arising from procedural choices in morpheme data analysis are also relevant to research on other dimensions of second language acquisition.
Pre-Reading and the use of Advance Organisers in L2 Reading Instruction
Authors: Tudor Ian 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The article describes an experiment in the use of one category of pre-reading activity, advance organisers, with a population of L2 learners (L2-French; L1-English) at three proficiency levels. Advance organisers, like other pre-reading act)vities, are designed to encourage a more contextually sensitive and schemata driven form of reading strategy usage, and thus counteract the observed tendency of L2 learners to process texts in a too exclusively decoding oriented manner. It was hypothesised that the presence of an advanced organiser would facilitate the text comprehension of the subject L2 learners, particularly with respect to their use of discourse constraints. The results indicated some degree of facultative potential, but not in the dominantly discourse-constraint oriented manner predicted. Levels of facilitation appeared to depend on subject proficiency level and difficulty level of the text. Implications for the use of pre-reading activities and for further research in this area are discussed.
Interference in Second Language Learning
Authors: Henderson Lalitha 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This study deals with the acquisition of English and Tamil as a second language and to explain the errors found in the speech of L2 learners caused by the interference from the first language within the frame of reference of the phonological system of the target language (L2) as perceived and produced by the native speaker of the first language (L1). The overall systems are compared so as to highlight the most genera] similarities and differences. The comparison also focuses on the similarities and contrasts between the phonetic manifestations of each phonological unit of L1 and its counterpart in L2. The data from the actual speech of English and Tamil by the L2 speakers are used to bring out the contrast between the two languages and the L1 interference on L2.
Patterns of Language Use among Nigerian Undergraduate Learners of French in Togo
Authors: Ajiboye Tunde 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Studies in language use have become all the more relevant to Africa since they shifted from unilingual to multilingual situations. Multilingualism which until the 60's was not considered worthy of too serious a study by linguists has since attracted a lot of attention especially in the narrower field of sociolinguistics where attempts are being made to meet some of the challenges posed by the multiplicity of languages in otherwise homogeneous communities. African countries harbour a lot of examples : Nigeria, Kenya and Uganda, among others. There are two main ways in which the present study is different from earlier studies in multilingualism, even though, as we shall see later, the results are basically the same. In the first place, we are dealing here with a temporary situation of multilingualism in the strict sense that subjects are neither i-migrants nor natives but birds of passage whose length of stay is pre-determined (by their mission). The languages included in the interaction should therefore be seen as such. Secondly, while the study of language choice by analysts like A. Tabouret-Keller (1968), Gumperz and Eduardo (1971) and Stark (1989) seems to emphasize the connection between language use and "a variety of social factors such as ethnic identity, age, and sex..., degree of solidarity or confidentiality," (Gumperz et al. 1971:122) the nature of our samples (students) tends to demonstrate that in analysing the pattern of language choice, the effect of an external, super-imposed trigger such as the need to pass an examination may not be over-looked.
Real-World Effectiveness of Simeprevir-containing Regimens Among Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Virus: The SONET Study
Authors: Alam Imtiaz , Brown Kimberley , Donovan Cynthia , Forlenza Jamie , Lauwers Kris , Mah’moud Mitchell A. , Manch Richard , Mohanty Smruti R. , Prabhakar Avinash , Reindollar Robert , DeMasi Ralph , Slim Jihad , Tandon Neeta , Villadiego Shirley , Naggie Susanna 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Background
The Simeprevir ObservatioNal Effectiveness across practice seTtings (SONET) study evaluated the real-world effectiveness of simeprevir-based treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.

Methods
The SONET study was a phase 4, prospective, observational, United States–based study enrolling patients ≥18 years of age with chronic genotype 1 HCV infection. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients who achieved sustained virologic response 12 weeks after the end of treatment (SVR12), defined as HCV ribonucleic acid undetectable ≥12 weeks after the end of all HCV treatments.

Results
Of 315 patients (intent-to-treat [ITT] population), 275 (87.3%) completed the study. Overall, 291 were treated with simeprevir + sofosbuvir, 17 with simeprevir + sofosbuvir + ribavirin, and 7 with simeprevir + peginterferon + ribavirin. The majority of patients were male (63.2%) and white (60.6%); median age was 58 years, 71.7% had genotype/subtype 1a, and 39.4% had cirrhosis. The SVR12 was achieved by 81.2% (255 of 314) of ITT patients (analysis excluded 1 patient who completed the study but was missing SVR12 data); 2 had viral breakthrough and 18 had viral relapse. The SVR12 was achieved by 92.4% (255 of 276) of patients in the modified ITT (mITT) population, which excluded patients who discontinued treatment for nonvirologic reasons before the SVR12 time point or were missing SVR12 assessment data. Among mITT patients, higher SVR12 rates were associated with factors including age ≥65 years, non-Hispanic/Latino ethnicity, and employment status, but not genotype/subtype nor presence of cirrhosis. Simeprevir-based treatment was well tolerated; no serious adverse events were considered related to simeprevir.

Conclusions
In the real-world setting, simeprevir + sofosbuvir treatment was common and 92% of mITT patients achieved SVR12. Simeprevir-based treatment was effective and well tolerated in this cohort, including patients with cirrhosis.
Disseminated Cryptococcosis With Brain Involvement in Patients With Chronic Lymphoid Malignancies on Ibrutinib
Authors: Messina Julia A. , Maziarz Eileen K. , Spec Andrej , Kontoyiannis Dimitrios P. , Perfect John R. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
We report 2 cases of disseminated cryptococcosis with central nervous system involvement in patients with chronic lymphoid malignancies occurring within 1 month of starting on ibrutinib. Characteristically, in both cases, no inflammation was seen in the cerebrospinal fluid. Central nervous system mycoses should be considered as a potential complication of ibrutinib.