bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of the anterior visual input pathway to the Drosophila central complex
Authors: Lovick Jennifer K. , Omoto Jaison J. , Ngo Kathy T. , Hartenstein Volker 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe anterior visual pathway (AVP) conducts visual information from the medulla of the optic lobe via the anterior optic tubercle (AOTU) and bulb (BU) to the ellipsoid body (EB) of the central complex. The anatomically defined neuron classes connecting the AOTU, BU, and EB represent discrete lineages, genetically and developmentally specified sets of cells derived from common progenitors (Omoto et al., Current Biology, 27, 1098–1110, 2017). In this article, we have analyzed the formation of the AVP from early larval to adult stages. The immature fiber tracts of the AVP, formed by secondary neurons of lineages DALcl1/2 and DALv2, assemble into structurally distinct primordia of the AOTU, BU, and EB within the late larval brain. During the early pupal period (P6–P48) these primordia grow in size and differentiate into the definitive subcompartments of the AOTU, BU, and EB. The primordium of the EB has a complex composition. DALv2 neurons form the anterior EB primordium, which starts out as a bilateral structure, then crosses the midline between P6 and P12, and subsequently bends to adopt the ring shape of the mature EB. Columnar neurons of the central complex, generated by the type II lineages DM1‐4, form the posterior EB primordium. Starting out as an integral part of the fan‐shaped body primordium, the posterior EB primordium moves forward and merges with the anterior EB primordium. We document the extension of neuropil glia around the nascent EB and BU, and analyze the relationship of primary and secondary neurons of the AVP lineages.
On Atoms‐in‐Molecules Energies from Kohn–Sham Calculations
Authors: Tognetti Vincent , Joubert Laurent 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHerein, we discuss three methods to partition the total molecular energy into additive atomic contributions within the framework of Bader's atoms‐in‐molecules theory and in the particular context of Kohn–Sham density functional theory. The first method is derived from the virial theorem, whereas the two other schemes, termed “standard” and “model”, are based on Pendás’ interacting‐quantum‐atoms decomposition. The methods are then compared for a dataset of molecules of interest for direct application in organic chemistry and biochemistry. Finally, the relevance of the three methods for the prediction of intrinsic reactivity properties (e.g., electrophilicity) or for unravelling the nature of chemical bonding (e.g., in halogen bonds, beyond the pure electrostatic point of view), is examined and paves the way for their more systematic use for the in silico design of new reactants.
Experiencing health‐related quality of life in paediatric short stature – a cross‐cultural analysis of statements from patients and parents
Authors: Sommer Rachel , Bullinger Monika , Chaplin John , Do Ju‐ky , Power Mick , Pleil Andreas , Quitmann Julia 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesDirect assessment of the patient perspective is necessary to thoroughly understand patients' experiences of disease. We aimed to examine information from children with short stature on their perceived HrQoL within 5 European countries.MethodsPatients, identified through clinical databases, were approached by their clinicians according to the inclusion criteria regarding a diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency or idiopathic short stature and age requirements. A focus group methodology was applied in 84 children and 112 parents. Based on a category system, individual statements were allocated to domains. To evaluate the emerging topics, qualitative content analysis was conducted. Domains and respective coding frequencies per category were compared across countries and respondents.ResultsThe highest number of statements produced by the children and parents were related to social (29%) and emotional needs and concerns (28%). In particular, children stressed their experience of social exclusion but also their perception of social support. Regarding emotional needs, they stated mainly the desire to be taller in order to be less teased by peers. National differences were identified, for example, Swedish (22%) and British (16%) children and their parents (Sweden 26%; Britain 23%) stressed physical HrQoL aspects, whereas German children (21%) strongly focused on treatment aspects, mainly the benefit of treatment.ConclusionComprehensive knowledge of the impact of a chronic condition such as short stature on wellbeing is an important precondition of effective treatment. Because socioemotional topics were rated in all the countries to be most important, interventions aimed at improving HrQoL should target social and emotional responses to short stature.
Blue‐Emitting Electron‐Donor/Acceptor Dyads for Naked‐Eye Fluorescence Detection of Singlet Oxygen
Authors: Kohara Reiko , Yuyama Ken‐ichi , Shigeri Yasushi , Biju Vasudevanpillai 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the group of Prof. V. Biju at the Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University (Japan). The image shows an electron‐donor/acceptor molecular sensor that sensitively responds to UV light or singlet oxygen and emits intense blue light. The butterfly wings carry the sensor and its fluorescent reaction products, and the butterfly bodies represent solutions of products. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/cptc.201700046.
Do Short‐ and Long‐Term Environmental Investments Follow the Same Path?
Authors: de Sousa Gabriel Vítor Manuel , Rodeiro‐Pazos David 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe degree of connection and integration between stock market indices is crucial to identifying the potential benefits associated with international diversification. However, there have been no findings on relationships between sustainability indices. The present study analyses the existence of equilibrium between short‐ and long‐term environmentally sustainable investments through Johansen cointegration tests and based on a model of asymmetric multivariate conditional heteroscedasticity. We selected indices for five segments of environmental investment (alternative energy, clean technology, green building, sustainable water, and pollution prevention) and applied a time period of roughly nine years. The obtained results show that over the long term, the indices' behaviour is autonomous, creating opportunities to diversify investment. Over the short term, environmental segments exhibit similar behaviour, approaching behaviours described by conventional indices. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation Promoted by 3 D Nanoarchitectured Turbostratic δ‐MnOx on Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Zhang Biaobiao , Li Yuanyuan , Valvo Mario , Fan Lizhou , Daniel Quentin , Zhang Peili , Wang Linqin , Sun Licheng 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe development of manganese‐based water oxidation electrocatalysts is desirable for the production of solar fuels, as manganese is earth‐abundant, inexpensive, non‐toxic, and has been employed by the Photosystem II in nature for a billion years. Herein, we directly constructed a 3 D nanoarchitectured turbostratic δ‐MnOx on carbon nanotube‐modified nickel foam (MnOx/CNT/NF) by electrodeposition and a subsequent annealing process. The MnOx/CNT/NF electrode gives a benchmark catalytic current density (10 mA cm−2) at an overpotential (η) of 270 mV under alkaline conditions. A steady current density of 19 mA cm−2 is obtained during electrolysis at 1.53 V for 1.0 h. To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the most efficient manganese‐oxide‐based water oxidation electrode and demonstrates that manganese oxides, as a structural and functional model of oxygen‐evolving complex (OEC) in Photosystem II, can also become comparable to those of most Ni‐ and Co‐based catalysts.
Predicting the abundance of forest types across the eastern United States through inverse modelling of tree demography
Authors: Vanderwel Mark C. , Rozendaal Danaë M. A. , Evans Margaret E. K. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractGlobal environmental change is expected to induce widespread changes in the geographic distribution and biomass of forest communities. Impacts have been projected from both empirical (statistical) and mechanistic (physiology‐based) modelling approaches, but there remains an important gap in accurately predicting abundance across species' ranges from spatial variation in individual‐level demographic processes. We address this issue by using a cohort‐based forest dynamics model (CAIN) to predict spatial variation in the abundance of six plant functional types (PFTs) across the eastern United States. The model simulates tree‐level growth, mortality, and recruitment, which we parameterized from data on both individual‐level demographic rates and population‐level abundance using Bayesian inverse modelling. Across a set of 1° grid cells, we calibrated local growth, mortality, and recruitment rates for each PFT to obtain a close match between predicted age‐specific PFT basal area in forest stands and that observed in 46,603 Forest Inventory and Analysis plots. The resulting models produced a strong fit to PFT basal area across the region (R2 = 0.66–0.87), captured successional changes in PFT composition with stand age, and predicted the overall stem diameter distribution well. The mortality rates needed to accurately predict basal area were consistently higher than observed mortality, possibly because sampling effects led to biased individual‐level mortality estimates across spatially heterogeneous plots. Growth and recruitment rates did not show consistent directional changes from observed values. Relative basal area was most strongly influenced by recruitment processes, but the effects of growth and mortality tended to increase as stands matured. Our study illustrates how both top‐down (population‐level) and bottom‐up (individual‐level) data can be combined to predict variation in abundance from size, environmental, and competitive effects on tree demography. Evidence for how demographic processes influence variation in abundance, as provided by our model, can help in understanding how these forests may respond to future environmental change.
The Global Norm of Large Marine Protected Areas: Explaining variable adoption and implementation
Authors: Alger Justin , Dauvergne Peter 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSince 2006, governments have designated or announced 18 marine protected areas (MPAs) larger than 200 000 km2. Before then there was only one: Australia's Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, established in 1975. To explain this marked shift in state governance of marine biodiversity, this article points to the importance of a gradual strengthening over the past decade of a global norm that large MPAs, especially no‐take reserves, are valuable for meeting conservation objectives and targets. As is true for most global environmental norms, the large MPA norm emerged primarily out of civil society, especially from groups framing large MPAs as an effective way to help stop ocean decline. Importantly, however, the article demonstrates that the adoption of this norm is uneven across states, and implementation of large MPAs varies widely as governmental and non‐governmental forces interact – sometimes clashing, sometimes cooperating – with fishing, tourism and resource industries. For evidence, this article draws on fieldwork and 74 interviews across five large MPA cases: Papahānaumokouākea (2006) and the Pacific Remote Islands in the US (2009); the Coral Sea in Australia (2012); the Palau National Marine Sanctuary (2015); and the UK's Pitcairn reserve (2015). A comparative analysis of these cases reveals the influence of non‐governmental groups (especially The Pew Charitable Trusts and the National Geographic Society) on the gradual strengthening of the large MPA norm; the importance of the large MPA norm for the formation of marine policy; and the significance of domestic political economies for shaping variable norm adoption and state implementation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Haemodynamic monitoring of cardiac status using heart sounds from an implanted cardiac device
Authors: Thakur Pramodsingh H. , An Qi , Swanson Lynne , Zhang Yi , Gardner Roy S. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the haemodynamic correlates of heart sound (HS) parameters such as third HS (S3), first HS (S1), and HS‐based systolic time intervals (HSTIs) from an implantable cardiac device.Methods and resultsTwo unique animal models (10 swine with myocardial ischaemia and 11 canines with pulmonary oedema) were used to evaluate haemodynamic correlates of S1, S3, and HSTIs, namely, HS‐based pre‐ejection period (HSPEP), HS‐based ejection time (HSET), and the ratio HSPEP/HSET during acute haemodynamic perturbations. The HS was measured using implanted cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator devices simultaneously with haemodynamic references such as left atrial (LA) pressure and left ventricular (LV) pressure. In the ischaemia model, S1 amplitude (r = 0.76 ± 0.038; P = 0.002), HSPEP (r = −0.56 ± 0.07; P = 0.002), and HSPEP/HSET (r = −0.42 ± 0.1; P = 0.002) were significantly correlated with LV dP/dtmax. In contrast, HSET was poorly correlated with LV dP/dtmax (r = 0.14 ± 0.14; P = 0.23). In the oedema model, a physiological delayed response was observed in S3 amplitude after acute haemodynamic perturbations. After adjusting for the delay, S3 amplitude significantly correlated with LA pressure in individual animals (r = 0.71 ± 0.07; max: 0.92; min: 0.17) as well as in aggregate (r = 0.62; P < 0.001). The S3 amplitude was able to detect elevated LA pressure, defined as >25 mmHg, with a sensitivity = 58% and specificity = 90%.ConclusionsThe HS parameters such as S1, S3, and HSTIs measured using implantable devices significantly correlated with haemodynamic changes in acute animal models, suggesting potential utility for remote heart failure patient monitoring.
Design and Synthesis of Mesoporous Honeycomb‐Like CoP/Co2P Hybrids as Anode with a High Cyclic Stability in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Guo Qing , Ru Qiang , Wang Bei , Zhang Peng , Hou Xianhua , Ling Francis Chi‐Chung 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this work, a multistep synthetic strategy was exploited to fabricate a new honeycomb‐like metallic phosphide nanohybrid (CoP/Co2P) based on an evaporating reduction and calcination approach. We characterized the as‐prepared samples in terms of crystal structure, morphology, and electrochemical performance by using XRD, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, TEM, charge–discharge tests, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. As an anode material for lithium‐ion batteries, the CoP/Co2P hybrid anode demonstrated a good capacity retention with a specific capacity of 851.2 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1 after 450 cycles and a reversible capacity of 590 mAh g−1 at a high charge/discharge current density of 1000 mA g−1.
Exploring Types of Family Environments in Youth with Eating Disorders
Authors: Darrow Sabrina M. , Accurso Erin C. , Nauman Emily R. , Goldschmidt Andrea B. , Le Grange Daniel 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWhile many studies have explored the relationship between different eating disorder diagnoses and the familial social environment, current evidence does not support associations between distinct family interaction patterns (e.g. high enmeshment) and particular diagnoses (e.g. anorexia nervosa). The current study seeks to move beyond the current literature to explore whether empirically derived subtypes of family environment are associated with clinical features within a transdiagnostic sample of youth seeking treatment for eating disorders (n = 123). Latent class modelling of the Family Environment Scale identified three classes (i.e. different Family Environment Scale profiles): (1) Control‐Oriented; (2) System Maintenance‐Oriented; and (3) Conflict‐Oriented. Data are presented to characterize the classes (e.g. age, gender, rates of different eating disorders, severity of eating disorder pathology and rates of comorbid disorders). These preliminary results suggest that family interaction types may help personalize treatment for eating disorders and encourage future research to guide such efforts. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
The co‐regulatory networks of tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes, and miRNAs in colorectal cancer
Authors: Slattery Martha L. , Herrick Jennifer S. , Mullany Lila E. , Samowitz Wade S. , Sevens John R. , Sakoda Lori , Wolff Roger K. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTumor suppressor genes (TSGs) and oncogenes (OG) are involved in carcinogenesis. MiRNAs also contribute to cellular pathways leading to cancer. We use data from 217 colorectal cancer (CRC) cases to evaluate differences in TSGs and OGs expression between paired CRC and normal mucosa and evaluate how TSGs and OGs are associated with miRNAs. Gene expression data from RNA‐Seq and miRNA expression data from Agilent Human miRNA Microarray V19.0 were used. We focus on genes most strongly associated with CRC (fold change (FC) of ≥1.5 or ≤0.67) that were statistically significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Of the 74 TSGs evaluated, 22 were associated with carcinoma/normal mucosa differential expression. Ten TSGs were up‐regulated (FAM123B, RB1, TP53, RUNX1, MSH2, BRCA1, BRCA2,SOX9, NPM1, andRNF43);six TSGs were down‐regulated (PAX5, IZKF1, GATA3, PRDM1, TET2, andCYLD); four were associated with MSI tumors (MLH1, PTCH1,andCEBPAdown‐regulated andMSH6up‐regulated); and two were associated with MSS tumors (PHF6andASXL1up‐regulated). Thirteen of these TSGs were associated with 44 miRNAs. Twenty‐seven of the 59 OGs evaluated were dysregulated: 14 down‐regulated (KLF4, BCL2, SSETBP1, FGFR2, TSHR, MPL, KIT, PDGFRA, GNA11, GATA2, FGFR3, AR, CSF1R, and JAK3), seven up‐regulated (DNMT1, EZH2, PTPN11, SKP2, CCND1, MET, and MYC); three down‐regulated for MSI (FLT3, CARD11, and ALK); two up‐regulated for MSI (IDH2 and HRAS); and one up‐regulated with MSS tumors (CTNNB1). These findings suggest possible co‐regulatory function between TSGs, OGs, and miRNAs, involving both direct and indirect associations that operate through feedback and feedforward loops.
Reddening of ~2.5 Ga granitoid by high‐temperature fluid linked to mafic dyke swarm in the Bundelkhand Craton, north central India
Authors: Sensarma Sarajit , Matin Abdul , Paul Debajyoti , Patra Abhijit , Madhesiya Abhishek Kumar , Sarkar Goutam 
Published: July 2017

The origin of reddening of granitoid is controversial. Red granitoids, occurring spatially with grey granitoids with a thin transitional zone is a volumetrically significant litho‐type in the Bundelkhand Craton, north central India. Using detailed petrography and microstructure study, and phase compositions and elemental X‐ray maps, we demonstrate for the first time that pervasive infiltration of Fe‐Mg‐Na‐K‐rich fluid caused re‐equilibration of ~2.5 Ga grey monzogranite during both brittle and ductile deformation in the craton. The reddening of granitoid is attributed to replacement and precipitation of tiny Fe‐rich particles in porous feldspars by the high temperature Fe‐Mg‐Na‐K‐rich fluid (~950°C), plausibly from crust–mantle depths.The Fe‐Mg‐Na‐K‐rich fluid with high to moderately high FeO (≤27 wt%), MgO (≤19 wt%), Al2O3 (≤20 wt%), Na2O (<1.59 wt%), K2O (<2.74 wt%), low CaO, (≤0.28 wt%), and FeO/MgO (<1) occurs as discrete interconnected network of green colour veins in the rock. We infer that the veins filled with green‐coloured material along deep shear planes/mylonitic fabric in granitoids and grain boundaries and fractures of felsic minerals (feldspar and quartz) acted as highly permeable network conducive for pervasive fluid activity in the area that influence the normative mineralogy of granitoids yielding pyroxene in the norm. Replacement of original K‐feldspar by plagioclase (albitization), and again by K‐feldspar (K‐feldspathization) by deep fluid took place during which Al2O3 was broadly conserved, with no significant gain or loss in alkalies, a marginal loss in CaO and, but a huge gain in FeO and MgO. The Fe‐Mg‐Na‐K‐rich fluid (with normative olivine + pyroxene) is responsible for near isochemical subsolidus alteration and replacement–precipitation process of feldspars in granitoids. We suggest that the Fe‐Mg‐Na‐K‐rich fluid is of crust–mantle derivation and could intrinsically be linked to Paleoproterozoic dolerite dyke swarm activity in the craton.
Stage of labor at admission among Ugandan women with a prior cesarean, and its impact on management and delivery outcomes
Authors: Boatin Adeline A. , Agaba Elly , Nyongozi Baltazar , Wylie Blair J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo describe stage of labor at admission among women with a prior cesarean, and examine its impact on intrapartum management and delivery mode.MethodsIn a prospective cohort study, women admitted to Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda, for delivery were enrolled between March and June 2015. Rates of vaginal delivery (VBAC) and in‐hospital trial of labor (TOL) were compared between early (<4 cm dilation) and late (≥4 cm) presenters. Women were interviewed after delivery about decision making and labor preferences.ResultsOverall, 188 women comprised the study sample; 98 (52.1%) and 65 (34.6%) women presented at ≥4 cm and ≥6 cm, respectively, and 18 (9.6%) were fully dilated. In‐hospital TOL and VBAC rates were 25.5% (42/165) and 9.6% (18/188), respectively. Compared with early presenters, late presenters were significantly more likely to undergo TOL (28/88 [31.8%] vs 14/77 [18.2%]; odds ratio [OR] 2.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–5.0), and achieve VBAC (16/98 [16.3%] vs 2/90 [2.2%]; OR 7.6, 95% CI 1.7–35.1).ConclusionMost women arrived in active labor, but most had a repeat cesarean. Work is needed to understand the clinical decision making and provider management driving low TOL and VBAC rates.
The moderating role of socially desirable responding in implicit–explicit attitudes toward asylum seekers
Authors: Anderson Joel R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractImplicit and explicit attitudes correlate under certain conditions and researchers are interested in the moderating factors of this relationship. This paper explored the role of socially desirable responding in this relationship by testing the hypothesis that impression management (IM; i.e., deliberate response modification) and self‐deceptive enhancement (SDE; i.e., positive self‐bias) play moderating roles in the relationship of implicit–explicit attitudes toward asylum seekers in Australia. Seventy‐four students responded to a battery of measures and the results revealed that IM (but not SDE) moderated this relationship to the extent that higher IM scores weakened the correspondence between implicit and explicit attitude scores. This suggests that attitudes toward asylum seekers might be susceptible to socially desirable response tendencies and in combination with the finding that IM was negatively related to explicit attitudes, it is argued that self‐presentation concerns result in the deliberate attenuation of reported negative explicit attitudes.