bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Properties of Lion Roars and Electron Dynamics in Mirror Mode Waves Observed by the Magnetospheric MultiScale Mission
Authors: Breuillard H. , Le Contel O. , Chust T. , Berthomier M. , Retino A. , Turner D. L. , Nakamura R. , Baumjohann W. , Cozzani G. , Catapano F. , Alexandrova A. , Mirioni L. , Graham D. B. , Argall M. R. , Fischer D. , Wilder F. D. , Gershman D. J. , Varsani A. , Lindqvist P.‐A. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , Marklund G. , Ergun R. E. , Goodrich K. A. , Ahmadi N. , Burch J. L. , Torbert R. B. , Needell G. , Chutter M. , Rau D. , Dors I. , Russell C. T. , Magnes W. , Strangeway R. J. , Bromund K. R. , Wei H. , Plaschke F. , Anderson B. J. , Le G. , Moore T. E. , Giles B. L. , Paterson W. R. , Pollock C. J. , Dorelli J. C. , Avanov L. A. , Saito Y. , Lavraud B. , Fuselier S. A. , Mauk B. H. , Cohen I. J. , Fennell J. F. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMirror mode waves are ubiquitous in the Earth's magnetosheath, in particular behind the quasi‐perpendicular shock. Embedded in these nonlinear structures, intense lion roars are often observed. Lion roars are characterized by whistler wave packets at a frequency ∼100 Hz, which are thought to be generated in the magnetic field minima. In this study, we make use of the high time resolution instruments on board the Magnetospheric MultiScale mission to investigate these waves and the associated electron dynamics in the quasi‐perpendicular magnetosheath on 22 January 2016. We show that despite a core electron parallel anisotropy, lion roars can be generated locally in the range 0.05–0.2fce by the perpendicular anisotropy of electrons in a particular energy range. We also show that intense lion roars can be observed up to higher frequencies due to the sharp nonlinear peaks of the signal, which appear as sharp spikes in the dynamic spectra. As a result, a high sampling rate is needed to estimate correctly their amplitude, and the latter might have been underestimated in previous studies using lower time resolution instruments. We also present for the first‐time 3‐D high time resolution electron velocity distribution functions in mirror modes. We demonstrate that the dynamics of electrons trapped in the mirror mode structures are consistent with the Kivelson and Southwood (1996) model. However, these electrons can also interact with the embedded lion roars: first signatures of electron quasi‐linear pitch angle diffusion and possible signatures of nonlinear interaction with high‐amplitude wave packets are presented. These processes can lead to electron untrapping from mirror modes.
Energetic Electron Acceleration and Injection During Dipolarization Events in Mercury's Magnetotail
Authors: Dewey Ryan M. , Slavin James A. , Raines Jim M. , Baker Daniel N. , Lawrence David J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEnergetic particle bursts associated with dipolarization events within Mercury's magnetosphere were first observed by Mariner 10. The events appear analogous to particle injections accompanying dipolarization events at Earth. The Energetic Particle Spectrometer (3 s resolution) aboard MESSENGER determined the particle bursts are composed entirely of electrons with energies ≳ 300 keV. Here we use the Gamma‐Ray Spectrometer high‐time‐resolution (10 ms) energetic electron measurements to examine the relationship between energetic electron injections and magnetic field dipolarization in Mercury's magnetotail. Between March 2013 and April 2015, we identify 2,976 electron burst events within Mercury's magnetotail, 538 of which are closely associated with dipolarization events. These dipolarizations are detected on the basis of their rapid (~2 s) increase in the northward component of the tail magnetic field (ΔBz ~30 nT), which typically persists for ~10 s. Similar to those at Earth, we find that these dipolarizations appear to be low‐entropy, depleted flux tubes convecting planetward following the collapse of the inner magnetotail. We find that electrons experience brief, yet intense, betatron and Fermi acceleration during these dipolarizations, reaching energies ~130 keV and contributing to nightside precipitation. Thermal protons experience only modest betatron acceleration. While only ~25% of energetic electron events in Mercury's magnetotail are directly associated with dipolarization, the remaining events are consistent with the Near‐Mercury Neutral Line model of magnetotail injection and eastward drift about Mercury, finding that electrons may participate in Shabansky‐like closed drifts about the planet. Magnetotail dipolarization may be the dominant source of energetic electron acceleration in Mercury's magnetosphere.
Influence of the Ambient Electric Field on Measurements of the Actively Controlled Spacecraft Potential by MMS
Authors: Torkar K. , Nakamura R. , Andriopoulou M. , Giles B. L. , Jeszenszky H. , Khotyaintsev Y. V. , Lindqvist P.‐A. , Torbert R. B. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSpace missions with sophisticated plasma instrumentation such as Magnetospheric Multiscale, which employs four satellites to explore near‐Earth space benefit from a low electric potential of the spacecraft, to improve the plasma measurements and therefore carry instruments to actively control the potential by means of ion beams. Without control, the potential varies in anticorrelation with plasma density and temperature to maintain an equilibrium between the plasma current and the one of photoelectrons produced at the surface and overcoming the potential barrier. A drawback of the controlled, almost constant potential is the difficulty to use it as convenient estimator for plasma density. This paper identifies a correlation between the spacecraft potential and the ambient electric field, both measured by double probes mounted at the end of wire booms, as the main responsible for artifacts in the potential data besides the known effect of the variable photoelectron production due to changing illumination of the surface. It is shown that the effect of density variations is too weak to explain the observed correlation with the electric field and that a correction of the artifacts can be achieved to enable the reconstruction of the uncontrolled potential and plasma density in turn. Two possible mechanisms are discussed: the asymmetry of the current‐voltage characteristic determining the probe to plasma potential and the fact that a large equipotential structure embedded in an electric field results in asymmetries of both the emission and spatial distribution of photoelectrons, which results in an increase of the spacecraft potential.
Ushering in a New Frontier in Geospace Through Data Science
Authors: McGranaghan Ryan M. , Bhatt Asti , Matsuo Tomoko , Mannucci Anthony J. , Semeter Joshua L. , Datta‐Barua Seebany 
Published: November 2017

AbstractOur understanding and specification of solar‐terrestrial interactions benefit from taking advantage of comprehensive data‐intensive approaches. These data‐driven methods are taking on new importance in light of the shifting data landscape of the geospace system, which extends from the near Earth space environment, through the magnetosphere and interplanetary space, to the Sun. The space physics community faces both an exciting opportunity and an important imperative to create a new frontier built at the intersection of traditional approaches and state‐of‐the‐art data‐driven sciences and technologies. This brief commentary addresses the current paradigm of geospace science and the emerging need for data science innovation, discusses the meaning of data science in the context of geospace, and highlights community efforts to respond to the changing landscape.
Three Types of Flower Structures in a Divergent‐Wrench Fault Zone
Authors: Huang Lei , Liu Chi‐yang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFlower structures are typical features of wrench fault zones. In conventional studies, two distinct kinds of flower structures have been identified based on differences in their internal structural architecture: (1) negative flower structures characterized by synforms and normal separations and (2) positive flower structures characterized by antiforms and reverse separations. In addition to negative and positive flower structures, in this study, a third kind of flower structure was identified in a divergent‐wrench fault zone, a hybrid characterized by both antiforms and normal separations. Negative flower structures widely occur in divergent‐wrench fault zones, and their presence indicates the combined effects of extensional and strike‐slip motion. In contrast, positive and hybrid flower structures occur only in fault restraining bends and step overs. A hybrid flower structure can be considered as product of a kind of structural deformation typical of divergent‐wrench zones; it is the result of the combined effects of extensional, compressional, and strike‐slip strains under a locally appropriate compressional environment. The strain situation in it represents the transition stage that in between positive and negative flower structures. Kinematic and dynamic characteristics of the hybrid flower structures indicate the salient features of structural deformation in restraining bends and step overs along divergent‐wrench faults, including the coexistence of three kinds of strains (i.e., compression, extension, and strike‐slip) and synchronous presence of compressional (i.e., typical fault‐bend fold) and extensional (normal faults) deformation in the same place. Hybrid flower structures are also favorable for the accumulation of hydrocarbons because of their special structural configuration in divergent‐wrench fault zones.
Carbon Inputs From Riparian Vegetation Limit Oxidation of Physically Bound Organic Carbon Via Biochemical and Thermodynamic Processes
Authors: Graham Emily B. , Tfaily Malak M. , Crump Alex R. , Goldman Amy E. , Bramer Lisa M. , Arntzen Evan , Romero Elvira , Resch C. Tom , Kennedy David W. , Stegen James C. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn light of increasing terrestrial carbon (C) transport across aquatic boundaries, the mechanisms governing organic carbon (OC) oxidation along terrestrial‐aquatic interfaces are crucial to future climate predictions. Here we investigate the biochemistry, metabolic pathways, and thermodynamics corresponding to OC oxidation in the Columbia River corridor using ultrahigh‐resolution C characterization. We leverage natural vegetative differences to encompass variation in terrestrial C inputs. Our results suggest that decreases in terrestrial C deposition associated with diminished riparian vegetation induce oxidation of physically bound OC. We also find that contrasting metabolic pathways oxidize OC in the presence and absence of vegetation and—in direct conflict with the “priming” concept—that inputs of water‐soluble and thermodynamically favorable terrestrial OC protect bound‐OC from oxidation. In both environments, the most thermodynamically favorable compounds appear to be preferentially oxidized regardless of which OC pool microbiomes metabolize. In turn, we suggest that the extent of riparian vegetation causes sediment microbiomes to locally adapt to oxidize a particular pool of OC but that common thermodynamic principles govern the oxidation of each pool (i.e., water‐soluble or physically bound). Finally, we propose a mechanistic conceptualization of OC oxidation along terrestrial‐aquatic interfaces that can be used to model heterogeneous patterns of OC loss under changing land cover distributions.
Memristive Logic‐in‐Memory Integrated Circuits for Energy‐Efficient Flexible Electronics
Authors: Jang Byung Chul , Nam Yunyong , Koo Beom Jun , Choi Junhwan , Im Sung Gap , Park Sang‐Hee Ko , Choi Sung‐Yool 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA memristive nonvolatile logic‐in‐memory circuit can provide a novel energy‐efficient computing architecture for battery‐powered flexible electronics. However, the cell‐to‐cell interference existing in the memristor crossbar array impedes both the reading process and parallel computing. Here, it is demonstrated that integration of an amorphous In‐Zn‐Sn‐O (a‐IZTO) semiconductor‐based selector (1S) device and a poly(1,3,5‐trivinyl‐1,3,5‐trimethyl cyclotrisiloxane) (pV3D3)‐based memristor (1M) on a flexible substrate can overcome these problems. The developed a‐IZTO‐based selector device, having a Pd/a‐IZTO/Pd structure, exhibits nonlinear current–voltage (I–V) characteristics with outstanding stability against electrical and mechanical stresses. Its underlying conduction mechanism is systematically determined via the temperature‐dependent I–V characteristics. The flexible one‐selector−one‐memristor (1S–1M) array exhibits reliable electrical characteristics and significant leakage current suppression. Furthermore, single‐instruction multiple‐data (SIMD), the foundation of parallel computing, is successfully implemented by performing NOT and NOR gates over multiple rows within the 1S–1M array. The results presented here will pave the way for development of a flexible nonvolatile logic‐in‐memory circuit for energy‐efficient flexible electronics.
Naphthodithiophene‐Based Nonfullerene Acceptor for High‐Performance Organic Photovoltaics: Effect of Extended Conjugation
Authors: Zhu Jingshuai , Ke Zhifan , Zhang Qianqian , Wang Jiayu , Dai Shuixing , Wu Yang , Xu Ye , Lin Yuze , Ma Wei , You Wei , Zhan Xiaowei 
Published: November 2017

AbstractNaphtho[1,2‐b:5,6‐b′]dithiophene is extended to a fused octacyclic building block, which is end capped by strong electron‐withdrawing 2‐(5,6‐difluoro‐3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐inden‐1‐ylidene)malononitrile to yield a fused‐ring electron acceptor (IOIC2) for organic solar cells (OSCs). Relative to naphthalene‐based IHIC2, naphthodithiophene‐based IOIC2 with a larger π‐conjugation and a stronger electron‐donating core shows a higher lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level (IOIC2: −3.78 eV vs IHIC2: −3.86 eV), broader absorption with a smaller optical bandgap (IOIC2: 1.55 eV vs IHIC2: 1.66 eV), and a higher electron mobility (IOIC2: 1.0 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1 vs IHIC2: 5.0 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1). Thus, IOIC2‐based OSCs show higher values in open‐circuit voltage, short‐circuit current density, fill factor, and thereby much higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) values than those of the IHIC2‐based counterpart. In particular, as‐cast OSCs based on FTAZ: IOIC2 yield PCEs of up to 11.2%, higher than that of the control devices based on FTAZ: IHIC2 (7.45%). Furthermore, by using 0.2% 1,8‐diiodooctane as the processing additive, a PCE of 12.3% is achieved from the FTAZ:IOIC2‐based devices, higher than that of the FTAZ:IHIC2‐based devices (7.31%). These results indicate that incorporating extended conjugation into the electron‐donating fused‐ring units in nonfullerene acceptors is a promising strategy for designing high‐performance electron acceptors.
A Highly Sensitive Capacitive‐Based Soft Pressure Sensor Based on a Conductive Fabric and a Microporous Dielectric Layer
Authors: Atalay Ozgur , Atalay Asli , Gafford Joshua , Walsh Conor 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this paper, the design and manufacturing of a highly sensitive capacitive‐based soft pressure sensor for wearable electronics applications are presented. Toward this aim, two types of soft conductive fabrics (knitted and woven), as well as two types of sacrificial particles (sugar granules and salt crystals) to create micropores within the dielectric layer of the capacitive sensor are evaluated, and the combined effects on the sensor's overall performance are assessed. It is found that a combination of the conductive knit electrode and higher dielectric porosity (generated using the larger sugar granules) yields higher sensitivity (121 × 10−4 kPa−1) due to greater compressibility and the formation of air gaps between silicone elastomer and conductive knit electrode among the other design considerations in this study. As a practical demonstration, the capacitive sensor is embedded into a textile glove for grasp motion monitoring during activities of daily living.
“I'm Having a Little Struggle With This, Can You Help Me Out?”: Examining Impacts and Processes of a Social Capital Intervention for First‐Generation College Students
Authors: Schwartz Sarah E. O. , Kanchewa Stella S. , Rhodes Jean E. , Gowdy Grace , Stark Abigail M. , Horn John Paul , Parnes McKenna , Spencer Renée 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSocial capital plays a key role in college and career success, and research indicates that a dearth of on‐campus connections contributes to challenges first‐generation college students face in effectively navigating the college environment. This study investigates a novel intervention that focuses on the development of skills and attitudes to empower first‐generation college students to cultivate social capital and on‐campus connections during the transition to college. A mixed methods, explanatory design was used to evaluate impacts and processes of the intervention among first‐generation college students (n = 164) in the context of an ethnically diverse, urban, public university in the Northeast. Results indicated that students who participated in the intervention demonstrated improved attitudes and behaviors around seeking support in college, closer relationships with instructors, and higher GPAs at the end of their first year in college. These results suggest the potential benefits of a relatively scalable approach to supporting the needs of first‐generation college students.
Attribute Dismissal and Valence Effects in Preferential Decision Processing
Authors: Hair Michael L. , Bond Samuel D. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe processing of attribute information during preference‐based decision making is affected by both the valence of that information and its importance to the decision. Although these two factors have typically been examined separately, we propose that their effects on elaboration and encoding are often codependent. Results of four experiments demonstrate that the traditional negativity effect, whereby negative attribute information is processed more extensively than positive attribute information, obtains only for the subset of attributes perceived to be most important. Among other attributes, the negativity effect is reduced or even reversed (a positivity effect). Our findings suggest important qualifications to prevailing notions of selective information processing. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystallographic insights into the self‐assembly of KLVFF amyloid‐beta peptides
Authors: Pizzi Andrea , Dichiarante Valentina , Terraneo Giancarlo , Metrangolo Pierangelo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAmyloidogenic peptide fragment KLVFF (H2N‐Lys‐Leu‐Val‐Phe‐Phe‐COOH, Aβ16‐20), the core‐sequence of the polypeptide Aβ40, is a well‐studied model for amyloid formation. However, due to its low crystallinity, detailed atomic information of KLVFF structure is lacking. Here we report the high‐resolution single‐crystal X‐ray structure of two monohalogenated KLVFF derivatives, KLVFF(I) and KLVFF(Br). The obtained results highlight how halogenation is a good strategy to promote crystallization and facilitate the phase determination of KLVFF(I) and KLVFF(Br) fragments. Detailed structural studies on the packing features of both monohalogenated derivatives reveal the role of the halogen atoms showing that when they are positioned on the Phe aromatic moiety at the C‐terminus they do not form halogen bonds and thus do not produce any extra stabilization of the β‐sheet in the self‐assembly process. The structural evidences gained from these studies corroborate the various polymorphic nanostructures of the halogenated variants of KLVFF and confirm the possibility to use halogenation as innovative strategy to tune the morphology of this pentapeptide.
Paranasal gossypiboma mimicking an aggressive tumor: a case report
Authors: Guerrouani Alae , Kairouani Mouna 
Published: November 2017

Key Clinical MessageEven if gossypibomas are extremely rare in the Oro‐Maxillofacial region, they should be evoked in bizarre tumors when repeated histology tests are not contributive, especially in patients with a history of dento‐sinusal surgery. As it is recommended in general surgery, gauzes should be carefully counted when used in dentistry.
Phosphonate‐Mediated Immobilization of Rhodium/Bipyridine Hydrogenation Catalysts
Authors: Forato Florian , Belhboub Anouar , Monot Julien , Petit Marc , Benoit Roland , Sarou‐Kanian Vincent , Fayon Franck , Jacquemin Denis , Queffelec Clémence , Bujoli Bruno 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRhL2 complexes of phosphonate‐derivatized 2,2′‐bipyridine (bpy) ligands L were immobilized on titanium oxide particles generated in situ. Depending on the structure of the bipy ligand—number of tethers (1 or 2) to which the phosphonate end groups are attached and their location on the 2,2′‐bipyridine backbone (4,4′‐, 5,5′‐, or 6,6′‐positions)—the resulting supported catalysts showed comparable chemoselectivity but different kinetics for the hydrogenation of 6‐methyl‐5‐hepten‐2‐one under hydrogen pressure. Characterization of the six supported catalysts suggested that the intrinsic geometry of each of the phosphonate‐derivatized 2,2′‐bipyridines leads to supported catalysts with different microstructures and different arrangements of the RhL2 species at the surface of the solid, which thereby affect their reactivity.
Expanding the Toolbox of Photoswitches for DNA Nanotechnology Using Arylazopyrazoles
Authors: Adam Volker , Prusty Deepak K. , Centola Mathias , Škugor Marko , Hannam Jeffrey S. , Valero Julián , Klöckner Bernhard , Famulok Michael 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPhotoregulation is among the most promising tools for development of dynamic DNA nanosystems, due to its high spatiotemporal precision, biocompatibility, and ease of use. So far, azobenzene and its derivatives have shown high potential in photocontrolling DNA duplex hybridization by light‐dependent photoisomerization. Despite many recent advances, obtaining sufficiently high photoswitching efficiency under conditions more suitable for work with DNA nanostructures are challenging. Here we introduce a pair of arylazopyrazoles as new photoswitches for efficient and reversible control of DNA hybridization achieved even at room temperature with a low number of required modifications. Their photophysical properties in the native state and in DNA strands result in near‐quantitative isomerization rates by irradiation with UV and orange light. To demonstrate the applicability of these photoswitches, we have successfully applied one of them to open and close a DNA hairpin by light at room temperature.
Significant Fluorescence Enhancement of N,N‐Dimethylaminobenzophenone after Embedding as a C‐Nucleoside in DNA
Authors: Schweigert Caroline , Gaß Nadine , Wagenknecht Hans‐Achim , Unterreiner Andreas‐Neil 
Published: November 2017

AbstractN,N‐dimethylaminobenzophenone (DMABP) represents an intramolecular donor–π–acceptor system resulting in luminescent properties that are highly sensitive to the local surrounding due to twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT). In this study, DMABP was covalently linked to a single (ss) or double‐stranded (ds) DNA and studied by a combination of UV/Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy as well as femtosecond pump–probe measurements. As a result of embedding DMABP into a DNA environment, a drastic increase of the fluorescence quantum yield (QY) by a factor of more than 100 was detected, as further evidenced by an increase of the lifetime of the relevant excited states from less than 10 ps to more than 100 ps. A direct comparison between the ss‐ and ds‐DNA systems further demonstrates the high sensitivity to the surrounding area by means of a two‐fold difference in QY and fluorescence lifetimes. As a consequence, the respective DNA moiety (stacking and folding knot) affects significantly the competition between radiationless relaxation processes and fluorescence by interacting with DMABP.