bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poduction of Biotin by Microbial Transformation of dl-cis-Tetrahydro-2-oxo-4-n-pentyl-thieno-(3,4-d)-imidazoline (dl-TOPTI)
Authors: Ogino Shigeo , Fujimoto Shigehisa , Aoki Yasuhiko 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The conditions for biotin production were investigated. Urea was a more effective nitrogen source than ammonium chloride and ammonium sulfate. About 60% conversion from dl-cis-tetrahydro-2-oxo-4-n-pentyl-thieno-(3,4-d)-imidazoline (dl-TOPTI) to biotinol and biotin occurred using Corynebacterium sp. B–321. Strain M–6318 which derived from B–321 as a mutant incapable of assimilating n-alkane produced large amounts of dl-biotin from dl-TOPTI. The inability of the microbe to assimilate n-alkane resulted in repression of biotin degradation. Maximum conversion (80%) was obtained by growing cultures of strain M–6318 in the constant presence of n-paraffin.
Studies on Substances Which Increase RNA Content of Yeast Cells
Authors: Yamashita Toshiaki , Hidaka Takayoshi , Watanabe Kiyoshi 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Active substances which increased RNA content and RNA productivity in yeast culture without affecting the growth rate of yeast were investigated.
The remarkable effect of zinc ion on RNA accumulation was found in flask cultures of Candida utilis.
The active substance of culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was isolated from the culture filtrate of Streptomyces sp. S–22 and it was identified as anisomycin, an antiprotozoal and antifungal antibiotic. The effect of anisomycin on the enhancement of yeast RNA formation was shown only with the Saccharomyces genus, which was more sensitive to the antibiotic than other genus. This phenomenon was exhibited only in the case of anisomycin and cycloheximide, whose modes of action were similar among various antibiotics. The ratio of four nucleotides in RNA fraction was almost equal to that of ribosomal RNA.
Production of Ceratonova shasta Myxospores from Salmon Carcasses: Carcass Removal Is Not a Viable Management Option
Authors: Foott J. S. , Stone R. , Fogerty R. , True K. , Bolick A. , Bartholomew J. L. , Hallett S. L. , Buckles G. R. , Alexander J. D. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Severe infection by the endemic myxozoan parasite, Ceratonova (synonym, Ceratomyxa) shasta, has been associated with declines in and impaired recovery efforts of populations of fall-run Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the Klamath River, California. The parasite has a complex life cycle involving a polychaete worm host as well as a salmon host. Myxospore transmission of this parasite, from salmon to polychaete, is a life cycle step during which there is a potential for applied disease management. A 3-year data set on prevalence, intensity, and spore characteristics of C. shasta myxospores was obtained from adult Chinook Salmon carcasses surveyed in the main stem of the Klamath River and three of its tributaries, Bogus Creek and the Shasta and Trinity rivers. Annual prevalence of myxospore detection in salmon intestines ranged from 22% to 52%, and spore concentration values per intestinal scraping ranged from 3.94 × 102 to 1.47 × 107 spores. A prevalence of 7.3% of all carcasses examined produced &gt;5.0 × 105 spores, and these carcasses with “high” spore counts accounted for 76–95% of the total spores in a given spawning season. Molecular analysis of visually negative carcasses showed that 45–87% of these samples had parasite DNA, indicating they contained either low spore numbers or presporogonic stages of the parasite. Myxospores were rarely found in carcasses of freshly spawned adults but were common in decomposed carcasses of both sexes. The date of collection or age (based indirectly on FL) did not influence detection. The longer prespawn residence time for spring-run Chinook Salmon compared with that for fall-run Chinook Salmon in the Trinity River was associated with higher spore loads. The dye exclusion method for assessing spore viability in fresh smears indicated an inverse relationship in spore integrity and initial spore concentration. A carcass-removal pilot project in Bogus Creek for 6 weeks in the fall of 2008 (907 carcasses removed) and 2009 (1,799 carcasses removed) failed to measurably influence the DNA quantity of C. shasta in targeted waters. Combined with the high numbers of carcasses that contributed myxospores, we therefore deemed that this labor-intensive approach is not a viable management option to reduce the infectivity of C. shasta in Chinook Salmon in the Klamath River.
Received January 23, 2015; accepted September 28, 2015
Bilateral comparison on volume of mass standards
Authors: Vámossy C , Davidson S , Zelenka Z 
Published: April 2016

This project was a European regional bilateral comparison of volume determination of stainless steel standards of 10 g, 20 g, and 200 g and 1 kg carried out under the auspices of EURAMET (project 1356, EURAMET.M.D-S2).
The objectives of the present comparison were to check the measurement capabilities of the participants in the field of volume measurements of weights and provide a basis for the calibration measurement capabilities (CMC).
BEV (Austria) was the pilot laboratory and the provider of the transfer standards. MKEH was the other participant in the bilateral comparison and NPL collected the measurement data ensuring the impartiality.
The objectives of the comparison were achieved.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Leukemic Transdifferentiation of Follicular Lymphoma Into an Acute Histiocytic Leukemia in a 52-Year-Old Caucasian Woman
Authors: Steussy Bryan , Lekostaj Jacqueline , Qian Qining , Rosenthal Nancy , Holman Carol J. , Syrbu Sergei , Darbro Benjamin , Bossler Aaron , Karandikar Nitin J. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTWe report an instructive case of acute myeloid leukemia with histiocytic differentiation (acute histiocytic leukemia) arising in a patient, a 52-year-old woman with a history of follicular lymphoma. The results of genetic studies proved a clonal relationship between the lymphoma and the leukemic cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report of leukemic transdifferentiation of follicular lymphoma into modified base 5-methylcytosine (M5c)–like acute histiocytic leukemia and the first reported karyotype on a transdifferentiated neoplasm.
Quantifying Culture
Authors: Demorest Steven M. , Morrison Steven J. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
All normally developing children acquire an understanding of the music and language of their culture without explicit instruction. This is known as enculturation. The process of musical enculturation is not well understood, but researchers have hypothesized that some form of statistical learning similar to that which influences language acquisition may underlie musical enculturation as well. We propose a “cultural distance hypothesis” that posits predictable expectation and memory responses for out-of-culture music based on a statistical comparison of that music with the listener’s first music. The hypothesis is based on work in computer modeling of melodic expectancy as well as our own work in cross-cultural music understanding. We propose a series of studies to critically test the hypothesis and discuss implications for other domains of cultural neuroscience.
Nutrition and Bone Loss in Antiquity
Authors: Agarwal Sabrina C. , Miller Melanie J. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Human diet and nutrition have been the focus of decades of archaeological research, with studies increasingly investigating the multiple variables affecting bone maintenance - diet, genetics, sex, age, physical activity, pregnancy and lactation. Patterns of severe bone loss in modern populations have prompted scholars to investigate how skeletal systems may have responded under different biocultural contexts in the past. Here we review literature from modern clinical studies, which have mainly focused on the effects of calcium, vitamin D, and protein, and archaeological studies, which have traditionally viewed bone loss as a pathological condition related to nutritional status and stress. The complexity of interactions of diet, physical activity, and hormonal status on bone health are now being recognized, as we illustrate in a case study from medieval England. Finally, we discuss the potential for combining multiple approaches to investigate ancient human dietary practices and extract maximum information from skeletal tissues.
Religious Responses to the 2011 Tsunami in Japan
Authors: McLaughlin Levi 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Scholars have recently begun synthesizing data on the massive aid response by religious organizations after the March 11, 2011, compound earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear disasters in northeast Japan. This article begins with a summary of recent statistical assessments that detail how much money religions raised, the kinds of material aid they provided, and the numbers of volunteers they mobilized. It then provides two contrasting ethnographic case studies of grassroots-level religious responses that reveal aspects that do not fit a statistical framework. The article highlights the importance of reading ethnographic accounts in combination with quantified data about Japanese religion to complicate reliance on assessments provided by institutional administrators in order to better understand how aid efforts take shape in local communities.
Can anaerobes be acid fast? A novel, clinically relevant acid fast anaerobe
Authors: Navas Maria E. , Jump Robin , Canaday David H. , Wnek Maria D. , SenGupta Dhruba J. , McQuiston John R. , Bell Melissa 
Published: April 2016

Introduction:
Anaerobic acid fast bacilli (AFB) have not been previously reported in clinical microbiology. This is the second case report of a novel anaerobic AFB causing disease in humans.

Case presentation:
An anaerobic AFB was isolated from an abdominal wall abscess in a 64–year-old Caucasian diabetic male, who underwent distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy for resection of a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour. The isolated bacteria were gram-variable and acid-fast, consisting of small irregular rods. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the isolate is a novel organism described in the literature only once before. The organism was studied at the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) by the same group that worked with the isolates from the previous report; their findings suggest that the strain belongs to the suborder Corynebacterineae.

Conclusion:
This is the fifth reported case of an anaerobic AFB involved in clinical disease; its microbiological features and 16S RNA sequence are identical to previously reported cases. Clinical disease with this organism seems to be associated with recent history of surgery and abscess formation in deep soft tissues. Acquisition from surgical material is uncertain but seems unlikely.
Phylogenetic incongruence and the origins of cardenolide-resistant forms of Na+, K+- ATPase in North AmericanDanausbutterflies
Authors: Aardema Matthew L. , Andolfatto Peter 
Published: April 2016

AbstractRapid species radiations can obscure phylogenetic relationships between even distantly related species and lead to incorrect evolutionary inferences. For this reason, we examined evolutionary relationships among the three North American milkweed butterflies,Danaus plexippus, D. gilippusandD. eresimususing >400 orthologous gene sequences assembled from transcriptome data. Contrary to previous phylogenetic assessments, our results indicate thatD. plexippusandD. eresimusare the sister taxa among these species. This result explains many previously noted phylogenetic incongruences such as an amino acid substitution in the sodium-potassium pump (Na+,K+-ATPase) ofD. eresimusandD. plexippus, which increases resistance to the toxins found in these butterflies’ host plants. In accordance with a rapid radiation ofDanausbutterflies, we also find evidence that both incomplete lineage sorting and post-speciation genetic exchange have contributed significantly to the evolutionary histories of these species. Furthermore, our findings suggest thatD. plexippusis highly derived both morphologically and behaviorally.
Fast haplotype matching in very large cohorts using the Li and Stephens model
Authors: Lunter Gerton 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe Li and Stephens model, which approximates the coalescent describing the pattern of variation in a population, underpins a range of key tools and results in genetics. Although highly efficient compared to the coalescent, standard implemen-tations of this model still cannot deal with the very large reference cohorts that are starting to become available, and practical implementations use heuristics to achieve reasonable runtimes. Here I describe a new, exact algorithm (“fastLS”) that implements the Li and Stephens model and achieves runtimes independent of the size of the reference cohort. Key to achieving this runtime is the use of the Burrows-Wheeler transform, allowing the algorithm to efficiently identify partial haplotype matches across a cohort. I show that the proposed data structure is very similar to, and generalizes, Durbin’s positional Burrows-Wheeler transform.
DNA from fecal immunochemical test can replace stool for microbiota-based colorectal cancer screening
Authors: Baxter Nielson T. , Koumpouras Charles C. , Rogers Mary A.M. , Ruffin Mack T. , Schloss Patrick D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackground:There is a significant demand for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening methods that are noninvasive, inexpensive, and capable of accurately detecting early stage tumors. It has been shown that models based on the gut microbiota can complement the fecal occult blood test and fecal immunochemical test (FIT). However, a barrier to microbiota-based screening is the need to collect and store a patient’s stool sample.Methods:Using stool samples collected from 404 patients we tested whether the residual buffer containing resuspended feces in FIT cartridges could be used in place of intact stool samples.Results:We found that the bacterial DNA isolated from FIT cartridges largely recapitulated the community structure and membership of patients’ stool microbiota and that the abundance of bacteria associated with CRC were conserved. We also found that models for detecting CRC that were generated using bacterial abundances from FIT cartridges were equally predictive as models generated using bacterial abundances from stool.Conclusions:These findings demonstrate the potential for using residual buffer from FIT cartridges in place of stool for microbiota-based screening for CRC. This may reduce the need to collect and process separate stool samples and may facilitate combining FIT and microbiota-based biomarkers into a single test. Additionally, FIT cartridges could constitute a novel data source for studying the role of the microbiome in cancer and other diseases.
A practice-based exploration of the enactment of information literacy among PhD students in an interdisciplinary research field
Authors: Pilerot Ola 
Published: April 2016

Purpose– The study aims to explore the interaction between the students, the material objects surrounding them, and their social site. The purpose of this paper is to identify and elucidate information literacy as it is being enacted within a complex and heterogeneous community of PhD students.Design/methodology/approach– The study is conducted from a practice-based perspective, according to which information literacy is conceived as learnt through interaction within the socio-material practice where the learner is active. In order to produce empirical material, semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten doctoral students in an interdisciplinary research network, and their workplaces were visited.Findings– The PhD students in this interdisciplinary network are more or less constantly engaged in the enactment of information literacy. It takes place in dialogue with others who can be both co-located and distantly located, and occurs through discussions about work in progress, through processes of evaluation and assessment of texts and authors, and through mundane everyday activities such as participating in meetings, which offer insights into how to navigate, in the broadest sense, the world of academia. A crucial part of the enactment of information literacy, which in practice is inseparable from interaction with others, is to pay attention to physical surroundings and material objects.Practical implications– The findings have implications for prospective PhD students in interdisciplinary fields, for their supervisors, and potentially also for librarians who are supposed to serve these groups.Originality/value– Research on the information literacies of PhD students in interdisciplinary fields is scarce. The practice-based approach applied in this study offers an extended and deepened understanding of the enactment of information literacy among PhD students in one interdisciplinary research practice.
Trends in quality management research in higher education institutions
Authors: Tarí Juan José , Dick Gavin 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to determine the state of research in quality management in higher education institutions based on a review of the academic literature. The aim is to provide universities with the best evidence for informing their focus and models for quality improvement. Despite quality’s role growing in importance as universities strive to compete in an increasingly underfunded market for students and research funds the review shows that current research is limited in volume and scope.

Design/methodology/approach
To ensure the widest coverage in our systematic literature review we use three databases: ScienceDirect, ABI/Inform, and Emerald.

Findings
The findings show that the three most common topics are quality management implementation issues, quality management models, techniques and tools, and quality management dimensions. The key quality management enabling dimensions found are: people management, process management and information and analysis, while the results dimension is predominantly focused on an understanding of stakeholders’ requirements and feedback on their perceptions of performance. We find in this literature that students are discussed as both end customers as graduates and participants in the learning process who have views on their experience. Also provided is an analysis that shows popular journal outlets, research methodologies used and country focus. The paper concludes with recommendations for the development of quality management for universities, and a future research agenda.

Originality/value
This article is the first literature of research in quality management in Higher Education Institutions following the model used in previous literature reviews on quality management and operations management.
Plasma Modification of Wool Fabric: Effect on Fabric Properties
Authors: Kan C.W. , Chan K. , Yuen C.W.M. 
Published: April 2016

Previous studies showed that the feltability and wettability of wool fabrics were improved after the application of plasma treatment. In the present paper, further study on the plasma treatment was carried out to investigate its effect on other fabric properties including (i) performance properties (tearing strength, tensile strength and elongation), (ii) aesthetic properties (pilling resistance and crease recovery) and (iii) comfort properties (air permeability, wettability and antistatic).
Pure wool 2/1 twill fabrics were treated by plasma using three non-polymerising gases namely oxygen, nitrogen and 25% hydrogen / 75% nitrogen gas mixture. The operation conditions, i.e. power, pressure and treatment duration, were the same for all plasma treatments. Different tests were conducted to investigate the effect of plasma treatment on the properties of treated fabrics.
The results of experiments showed that plasma treatment did give different degrees of
influence on the properties of wool fabric. In addition, the effectiveness of different gases plasma treatment was compared of which the gas mixture plasma gave the best modification effect.
Becoming biophilic: challenges and opportunities for biophilic urbanism in urban planning policy
Authors: Littke Helene 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
This paper discusses challenges and opportunities for the implementation of biophilic urbanism in urban green planning policy through a case study of the Green living Spaces plan in Birmingham, UK.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper is based on document analysis and semi structured interviews as a strategy of qualitative inquiry to identify the key tenets of biophilic urbanism and its implementation in Birmingham’s urban green space planning.

Findings
Biophilic urbanism has its strength as an approach to create common visions and understandings of the many benefits of nature in cities, thus strengthening the position of urban green space planning. In Birmingham the potential for integrated policies connected to urban green space are shown and the concept can also be understood as a pragmatic tool to strengthen the position of urban green space policies locally as well as positioning Birmingham globally as a leading green city. At the same time challenges are connected to legal status, path dependency and leadership.

Originality/value
Biophilic urbanism has gotten increased attention in academia and practice and this paper contributes with a novel case study discussing how the concept has been used and understood in the Birmingham context to discuss opportunities and challenges for actual implementation.
Graduate perspectives of fieldwork placements in developing countries: Contributions to occupational therapy practice
Authors: Sim Isabel , Mackenzie Lynette 
Published: April 2016

Background/aimFieldwork placements are central to occupational therapy programmes. A variety of placements assists occupational therapy students by increasing their exposure to a range of experiences. Placements in developing countries extend and offer alternative learning opportunities and can enable unique personal and professional competencies. However, it is unknown how placement experiences of occupational therapy students in developing countries have made an impact on their practice as graduates. This exploratory investigation aimed to identify the perceptions of occupational therapy graduates about the experiences and outcomes of fieldwork placements they had completed in developing countries.MethodsNine occupational therapy graduates who had completed a fieldwork placement in a developing country were recruited. Qualitative data were gathered using semi‐structured interviews and were analysed to code and construct relationships and highlight key categories.ResultsBeing immersed outside of personal comfort zones was a primary mechanism to produce lasting benefits after placement. The process of overcoming challenges was supported and fuelled by personal characteristics and environmental features of the placement. The experience resulted in gains of personal qualities, professional skills and insights, which translated to practice as graduates.ConclusionsUnique outcomes were gleaned from placements in developing countries as students that contributed personally and professionally to current and future practice as graduates. A larger national or international study would provide further evidence to inform education providers and future students about the value of placements in developing countries for student learning and development, and graduate outcomes.