bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intensity interrogation near cutoff resonance for label-free cellular profiling
Authors: Nazirizadeh Yousef , Behrends Volker , Prósz Aurél , Orgovan Norbert , Horvath Robert , Ferrie Ann M. , Fang Ye , Selhuber-Unkel Christine , Gerken Martina 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe report a method enabling intensity-based readout for label-free cellular assays and realize a reader device with the same footprint as a microtiter plate. For unambiguous resonance intensity measurements in resonance waveguide grating (RWG) sensors, we propose to apply resonances near the substrate cutoff wavelength. This method was validated in bulk refractive index, surface bilayer and G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) experiments. The significantly reduced size of the reader device opens new opportunities for easy integration into incubators or liquid handling systems.
Managers’ opinions of factors influencing HACCP applications in Italian hotel/restaurant/café (HoReCa) sector
Authors: Casolani Nicola , Del Signore Antonella 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
Managers’ opinions regarding factors influencing the application of HACCP in the Italian HoReCa sector were investigated. Three main topics were analyzed: the general features of HACCP management, the difficulties linked to its application and Managers relations with Food Public Control system.

Design/methodology/approach
Surveys were taken of Managers of Restaurants/Hotel (Re/Ho) and Bars. The questionnaires were completed through personal face-to-face interviews, phone interviews and by email. Respondents evaluated their agreement/disagreement with the statements proposed on a Likert scale.

Findings
The results show HoReCa Managers perceive that the benefits derived from application of HACCP are greater than the costs. In addition they believe that it is impossible to achieve Food Safety without HACCP application. Managers also think that the high turnover of staff constitutes a great barrier to HACCP efficiency. Moreover, they believe that Food Public Control system provides elements that make it possible to continuously improve HACCP.

Originality/value
A contribution on the broad debate on HACCP applications in HoReCa.
Consumer attitudes towards nanotechnology in food products: an attribute-based analysis
Authors: Steenis Nigel Desmond , Fischer Arnout RH 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
Nanotechnology is a technology that holds much promise for food production. It is however not clear to what extent consumers will accept different types of nanotechnologies in food products. The paper researches consumer attitudes towards differing applications of food nanotechnologies.

Design/methodology/approach
Using an attribute-based approach, we compare a product with three different nanotechnology application types (during production, implemented in packaging, and as additive to the food) with the same product without any nanotechnology attributes.

Findings
Adding a nanotechnology attribute is shown to contribute to the overall product attitude, without substantially affecting the contribution of the other product attributes to overall product attitude. There are no indications that nanotechnology provides a non-compensatory barrier against acceptance. Risk perception increased for applications proximate to consumers while benefits remained similar across conditions.

Practical implications
Low distance applications (e.g., nano-additives that enter the body) are perceived as riskier, but not necessarily more beneficial, implying they will be rejected more readily by consumers. Food producers should primarily focus on reducing consumers’ risk perceptions of nanotechnologies and providing (and communicating clearly) the end-user benefits obtained from the technology.

Originality/value
This study shows that introducing nanotechnology into a product has an almost uniquely additive contribution to attitude. The study aimed at relevant nanotechnology applications for food products, as opposed to general attitudes towards technologies.

The study also confirms in an experimental setting earlier exploratory findings that food applications closer to the end user are less acceptable and provides a case for nanotechnology food innovations.
Survival of outward FDI in China’s food industry
Authors: Jian Ciao-Ru , Takahashi Daisuke , Chang Tsaiyu , Wei Chung-Hsuan 
Published: April 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the stability of Taiwanese and Japanese outward foreign direct investment (FDI) in China’s food industry and explore the Cox proportional hazard model to examine the factors that may affect the duration and stability of FDI.Design/methodology/approachThe data used in this study come from firm-level survey conducted in different Chinese provinces. Based on the data, survival analysis on the determinants of FDI in China’s food industry was constructed and used for analysis.FindingsEstimated results from the study show that the survival rates are higher for Taiwanese FDI than for Japanese FDI from 2003 to 2012. In addition, empirical results show a positive relationship between R&D expenditure/domestic investment and the hazard rate, implying that Japanese investments with greater R&D expenditure and domestic investment would decrease the survival of FDI in China. On the contrary, Taiwanese investments with greater R&D expenditure and domestic investment would enhance the survival of FDI in China.Originality/valueIt could be the first that survival comparisons across countries are conducted together in the relevant FDI studies of the food industry. For robustness, survival rates for 10 major provinces and cities where affiliates conducted FDI in the food industry are examined.
Improving the confectionery industry supply chain through second party audits
Authors: Djekic Ilija , Dragojlovic Sladjana , Miloradovic Zoran , Miljkovic-Zivanovic Snezana , Savic Marija , Kekic Vesna 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
This study evaluated benefits and constraints of improving suppliers' quality and food safety systems through second party audits

Design/methodology/approach
A quantitative quality and food safety audit tool was developed to perform second party audits within the confectionery industry supply chain. Nine flour mills and four food packaging producers were included in the audit program. Initial audits were performed at the beginning of the program, with follow-up audits performed after one year.

Findings
Level of implementation of food safety and quality requirements were presented as scores. Flour mills improved their scores from 38.6% to 64.4% during the period of two years. In contrast, at the end of the second year, food packaging producers showed a lower level of improvement from 34.0% to 45.6%. This research confirmed that certification status does not imply high performance of a quality / food safety system. Companies experienced problems in identifying processes, setting performance indicators and objectives and implementing problem solving tools. Quality control has been identified as a dimension where most companies do not document their control methods and have no method in place to verify consistency in their results. Control of risks in terms of HACCP implementation was identified as the main food safety constraint

Research limitations/implications
Limitations of the research stem from the use of results from one part of the confectionery supply chain, from auditing a limited number of companies and from excluding the technological level of the audited companies

Practical implications
This study provides a valuable insight for quality and/or food safety assurance managers on benefits of using second party audits as a supply chain developing tool.

Originality/value
The findings of this study are worthy, as second party audits are identified as slow but effective tools in directing suppliers towards improvements
The effect of leadership styles, rank, and seniority on affective organizational commitment: A comparative study of U.S. and Korean employees
Authors: Hong Gahye , Cho Youngsam , Froese Fabian Jintae , Shin Mannsoo 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to develop and empirically test a conceptual model based on the culturally endorsed implicit leadership theory to comprehend differences in the relationships between consideration, and initiating structure leadership styles and affective organizational commitment for U.S. and Korean employees. Further, we investigate how rank and seniority moderate the relationships between the two leadership styles and affective organizational commitment in both countries.

Design/methodology/approach
We developed and conducted a cross-sectional survey in the U.S. and Korea. To test our hypotheses we performed a series of hierarchical regression analyses.

Findings
Survey results from 452 U.S. and Korean employees show that the positive relationship between consideration leadership (i.e. people-oriented leadership) and affective organizational commitment was stronger among U.S. employees than Korean employees. Initiating structure leadership (i.e. task-oriented leadership) was negatively related to affective organizational commitment in the U.S., whereas this relationship was positive in South Korea (henceforth Korea). Further, these relationships were moderated by rank and seniority in Korea, but not in the U.S. Specifically, the positive relationship between consideration leadership and affective organizational commitment was stronger when Korean employee’s rank was higher and seniority was shorter.

Originality/value
The comparative nature of our study enables us to identify differences in the effects of leadership styles on affective organizational commitment across countries and thus helps us to better understand employees from different cultures. Furthermore, we demonstrate the differential effects of demographic variables such as rank and seniority in the relationships of leadership styles and affective organizational commitment. The findings provide important managerial recommendations for how managers can better lead U.S. and Korean employees.
Assistive Technology in Australia: Integrating theory and evidence into action
Authors: Steel Emily J. , Layton Natasha A. 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundOccupational therapists use a range of strategies to influence the relationship between person, environment and occupation and facilitate people's participation and inclusion in society. Technology is a fundamental environmental factor capable of enabling inclusion, and occupational therapy models articulate a role for assistive technology (AT) devices and services, but there is a gap between theory, research and practice. The context of AT provision in Australia presents systemic barriers that prevent optimal application of AT devices and services for societal health promotion and in individualised solutions.MethodsThe Integrating Theory, Evidence and Action method (ITEA) was used to answer the question ‘How can occupational therapy support AT provision to enable older people and people with disability?’ A wide range of sources were systematically analysed to explore the complexities of AT provision in Australia.ResultsThe International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and IMPACT2 model are used as frameworks to reconstruct evidence into statements that summarise the theory, process and outcomes of AT provision. Analysis of the influence of the global disability rights and local policies and AT provision systems is used to highlight important aspects for occupational therapists to consider in research and practice. Pragmatic recommendations are provided to enable practitioners to translate theory and evidence into action.ConclusionAT provision can be improved by focusing on evidence for and congruence between theory, process and outcomes, rather than isolated interventions. Occupational therapists should consider the influence of contextual factors on practice, and work with consumers to improve access and equity in AT provision systems.
High‐Cost Users of Prescription Drugs: A Population‐Based Analysis from British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Weymann Deirdre , Smolina Kate , Gladstone Emilie J. , Morgan Steven G. 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveTo examine variation in pharmaceutical spending and patient characteristics across prescription drug user groups.Data SourcesBritish Columbia's population‐based linked administrative health and sociodemographic databases (N = 3,460,763).Study DesignWe classified individuals into empirically derived prescription drug user groups based on pharmaceutical spending patterns outside hospitals from 2007 to 2011. We examined variation in patient characteristics, mortality, and health services usage and applied hierarchical clustering to determine patterns of concurrent drug use identifying high‐cost patients.Principal FindingsApproximately 1 in 20 British Columbians had persistently high prescription costs for 5 consecutive years, accounting for 42 percent of 2011 province‐wide pharmaceutical spending. Less than 1 percent of the population experienced discrete episodes of high prescription costs; an additional 2.8 percent transitioned to or from high‐cost episodes of unknown duration. Persistent high‐cost users were more likely to concurrently use multiple chronic medications; episodic and transitory users spent more on specialized medicines, including outpatient cancer drugs. Cluster analyses revealed heterogeneity in concurrent medicine use within high‐cost groups.ConclusionsWhether low, moderate, or high, costs of prescription drugs for most individuals are persistent over time. Policies controlling high‐cost use should focus on reducing polypharmacy and encouraging price competition in drug classes used by ordinary and high‐cost users alike.
Evaluation of the Forensic Utility of Scanning Electron Microscopy‐Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy and Laser Ablation‐Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Mass Spectrometry for Printing Ink Examinations
Authors: Corzo Ruthmara , Subedi Kiran , Trejos Tatiana , Almirall José R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractImprovements in printing technology have exacerbated the problem of document counterfeiting, prompting the need for analytical techniques that better characterize inks for forensic analysis and comparisons. In this study, 319 printing inks (toner, inkjet, offset, and Intaglio) were analyzed directly on the paper substrate using scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS) and Laser Ablation‐Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Mass Spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS). As anticipated, the high sensitivity ofLA‐ICP‐MSpairwise comparisons resulted in excellent discrimination (average of ~ 99.6%) between different ink samples from each of the four ink types and almost 100% correct associations between ink samples known to originate from the same source.SEM‐EDSanalysis also resulted in very good discrimination for different toner and intaglio inks (>97%) and 100% correct association for samples from the same source.SEM‐EDSprovided complementary information toLA‐ICP‐MSfor certain ink types but showed limited utility for the discrimination of inkjet and offset inks.
Farm‐level GM Coexistence Policies in the EU: Context, Concepts and Developments
Authors: Schenkelaars Piet , Wesseler Justus 
Published: April 2016

SummaryMany EU MS have implemented coexistence policies to govern the cultivation of GM crops on their territory but only one GM crop, the Bt maize event MON810, is currently cultivated in the EU. From a practical point of view, a combination of paper traceability and implementation of isolation distances between GM and non‐GM maize are considered as being the most effective way of segregating both types of materials. In general, infringements will however only become apparent after harvesting the crops. Liability issues will then be invoked late in the process restricting or at least limiting flexibility in the marketing of the materials in an appropriate way. Nevertheless, following the general guidelines for coexistence developed by the European Commission, EU Member States are progressively regulating coexistence at the national level. The policies in the EU governing coexistence can be differentiated into ex‐ante regulations and ex‐post liability rules. This differentiation is useful as the economic implications between the two differ. With regard to maize, studies show that the costs of complying with the given threshold values for GM content at farm level range from zero to 2 per cent of the total growing costs for both conventional and organic production.
Replication Improves Sorting‐Task Results Analyzed by DISTATIS in a Consumer Study of American Bourbon and Rye Whiskeys
Authors: Lahne Jacob , Collins Thomas S. , Heymann Hildegarde 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn consumer food‐sensory studies, sorting and closely related methods (for example, projective mapping) have often been applied to large product sets which are complex and fatiguing for panelists. Analysis of sorting by Multi‐Dimensional Scaling (MDS) is common, but this method discards relevant individual decisions; analysis by DISTATIS, which accounts for individual differences, is gaining acceptance. This research posits that replication can improve DISTATIS analysis by stabilizing consumer sensory maps, which are often extremely unstable. As a case study a fatiguing product set was sorted: 10 American whiskeys—5 bourbons and 5 ryes—were sorted into groups by 21 consumers over 2 replications. These products were chosen because American whiskeys are some of the most important distilled beverages in today's market; in particular, “bourbon” (mashbill more than 50% corn) and “rye” (more than 50% rye) whiskeys are important and assumed to be products with distinct sensory attributes. However, there is almost no scientific information about their sensory properties. Data were analyzed using standard and aggregated DISTATIS and MDS. No significant relationship between mashbill and consumer categorization in whiskeys was found; instead, there was evidence of producer and aging effects. aggregated DISTATIS was found to provide more stable results than without replication, and DISTATIS results provided a number of benefits over MDS, including bootstrapped confidence intervals for product separation. In addition, this is the first published evidence that mashbill does not determine sensory properties of American whiskey: bourbons and ryes, while legally distinct, were not separated by consumers.
Possible advantage of imiquimod and diphenylcyclopropenone combined treatment versus diphenylcyclopropenone alone: An observational study of nonresponder patients with alopecia areata
Authors: Wasyłyszyn Tomasz , Borowska Katarzyna 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe topical contact sensitiser diphenylcyclopropenone (DCP) remains one of the most effective treatment modalities for alopecia areata (AA). However, some patients (nonresponders) do not respond to this treatment because they do not have an allergic reaction to DCP. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of imiquimod in inducing an allergic reaction to DCP in nonresponders. In all, 20 nonresponders were recruited from a group of DCP‐treated AA patients. Of these patients, 10 were treated with DCP and topical imiquimod and 10 were treated with DCP alone. A significantly better therapeutic outcome was measured in the DCP plus imiquimod group than in the group treated with DCP alone. The potential mechanism of imiquimod may involve the role of interleukin‐12, as previously suggested in an animal model. These findings suggest that imiquimod may have the potential to improve prognosis in nonresponder AA patients treated with DCP.
Developing the future Indigenous health workforce: The feasibility and impact of a student‐led placement programme in remote Indigenous communities
Authors: Warren Johanna M. , Irish Georgina L. , Purbrick Brydie , Li Joule J. , Li Xi , Fitzpatrick Danielle J. , Faull Randall J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo describe and evaluate a programme where medical students designed and implemented Indigenous health placements for students with an interest in rural/Indigenous health.Design, setting and participantsIn 2011, a student‐led programme at the University of Adelaide was set up to give medical students the opportunity to undertake outreach trips and clinical placements in remote Indigenous communities. Twenty‐four medical students attended trips to remote communities between 2012 and 2014. Here we evaluate our programme using a single‐arm experimental design.Main outcome measuresResponses to questionnaire items before and after attending an outreach placement, scored on 6‐point Likert scales.ResultsFollowing their remote Indigenous health placement, participants expressed a significantly higher mean likelihood of working in an Indigenous community in the future (3.17 (2.69–3.64) versus 4.00 (3.65–4.35); P < 0.007). Furthermore, after their placement participants felt better prepared to work in Indigenous communities (mean 1.79 (1.44–2.14) versus 3.21 (2.88–3.54); P < 0.001).ConclusionsA placement programme initiated and run by medical students can provide meaningful exposure to Indigenous health. Implementation of this student‐led model in other medical schools may encourage nationwide development of the Indigenous health workforce.
Low‐dose effect of developmental bisphenol A exposure on sperm count and behaviour in rats
Authors: Hass U. , Christiansen S. , Boberg J. , Rasmussen M. G. , Mandrup K. , Axelstad M. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryBisphenol A is widely used in food contact materials and other products and is detected in human urine and blood. Bisphenol A may affect reproductive and neurological development; however, opinion of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) on bisphenol A (EFSA J, 13, 2015 and 3978) concluded that none of the available studies were robust enough to provide a point of departure for setting a tolerable daily intake for bisphenol A. In the present study, pregnant Wistar rats (n = 17–21) were gavaged from gestation day 7 to pup day 22 with bisphenol A doses of 0, 25 μg, 250 μg, 5 mg or 50 mg/kg bw/day. In the offspring, growth, sexual maturation, weights and histopathology of reproductive organs, oestrus cyclicity and sperm counts were assessed. Neurobehavioural development was investigated using a behavioural testing battery including tests for motor activity, sweet preference, anxiety and spatial learning. Decreased sperm count was found at the lowest bisphenol A dose, that is 25 μg/kg/day, but not at the higher doses. Reproductive organ weight and histology were not affected and no behavioural effects were seen in male offspring. In the female offspring, exposure to 25 μg/kg bw/day bisphenol A dose resulted in increased body weight late in life and altered spatial learning in a Morris water maze, indicating masculinization of the brain. Decreased intake of sweetened water was seen in females from the highest bisphenol A dose group, also a possible sign of masculinization. The other investigated endpoints were not significantly affected. In conclusion, the present study using a robust experimental study design, has shown that developmental exposure to 25 μg/kg bw/day bisphenol A can cause adverse effects on fertility (decreased sperm count), neurodevelopment (masculinization of spatial learning in females) and lead to increased female body weight late in life. These results suggest that the new EFSA temporary tolerable daily intake of 4 μg/kg bw/day is not sufficiently protective with regard to endocrine disrupting effects of bisphenol A in humans.