bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new ontology‐based multi agent framework for intrusion detection
Authors: Retnaswamy Bharathi , Ponniah Krishna Kumar 
Published: September 2016

SummaryOntologies play an essential role in knowledge sharing and exploration, especially in multiagent systems. Intrusion is an unauthorized activity in a network, which is achieved by either active manner (information gathering) or passive manner (harmful packet forwarding). Most of the existing intrusion detection system (IDS) suffers from the following issues: it is usually adjusted to detect known service level network attacks and leaves from vulnerable to original and novel malicious attacks. Thus, it provides low accuracy and detection rate, which are the important problems of existing IDS. To overwhelm these drawbacks, an ontology‐based multiagent IDS framework is developed in this work for intrusion detection. The main intention of this work is to detect the network attacks with the help of multiple detection agents. In this analysis, there are 3 different types of agents, ie, IDS broker, deputy commander, and response agent, which are used to prevent and detect the attacks in a network. The novel concept of this work is based on the concept of signature matching; it identifies and detects the attackers with the help of multiple agents.
Models of Eucalypt phenology predict bat population flux
Authors: Giles John R. , Plowright Raina K. , Eby Peggy , Peel Alison J. , McCallum Hamish 
Published: September 2016

AbstractFruit bats (Pteropodidae) have received increased attention after the recent emergence of notable viral pathogens of bat origin. Their vagility hinders data collection on abundance and distribution, which constrains modeling efforts and our understanding of bat ecology, viral dynamics, and spillover. We addressed this knowledge gap with models and data on the occurrence and abundance of nectarivorous fruit bat populations at 3 day roosts in southeast Queensland. We used environmental drivers of nectar production as predictors and explored relationships between bat abundance and virus spillover. Specifically, we developed several novel modeling tools motivated by complexities of fruit bat foraging ecology, including: (1) a dataset of spatial variables comprising Eucalypt‐focused vegetation indices, cumulative precipitation, and temperature anomaly; (2) an algorithm that associated bat population response with spatial covariates in a spatially and temporally relevant way given our current understanding of bat foraging behavior; and (3) a thorough statistical learning approach to finding optimal covariate combinations. We identified covariates that classify fruit bat occupancy at each of our three study roosts with 86–93% accuracy. Negative binomial models explained 43–53% of the variation in observed abundance across roosts. Our models suggest that spatiotemporal heterogeneity in Eucalypt‐based food resources could drive at least 50% of bat population behavior at the landscape scale. We found that 13 spillover events were observed within the foraging range of our study roosts, and they occurred during times when models predicted low population abundance. Our results suggest that, in southeast Queensland, spillover may not be driven by large aggregations of fruit bats attracted by nectar‐based resources, but rather by behavior of smaller resident subpopulations. Our models and data integrated remote sensing and statistical learning to make inferences on bat ecology and disease dynamics. This work provides a foundation for further studies on landscape‐scale population movement and spatiotemporal disease dynamics.
How mammalian predation contributes to tropical tree community structure
Authors: Paine C. E. Timothy , Beck Harald , Terborgh John 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe recruitment of seedlings from seeds is the key demographic transition for rain forest trees. Though tropical forest mammals are known to consume many seeds, their effects on tree community structure remain little known. To evaluate their effects, we monitored 8,000 seeds of 24 tree species using exclosure cages that were selectively permeable to three size classes of mammals for up to 4.4 years. Small and medium‐bodied mammals removed many more seeds than did large mammals, and they alone generated beta diversity and negative density dependence, whereas all mammals reduced diversity and shaped local species composition. Thus, small and medium‐bodied mammals more strongly contributed to community structure and promoted species coexistence than did large mammals. Given that seedling recruitment is seed limited for most species, alterations to the composition of the community of mammalian seed predators is expected to have long‐term consequences for tree community structure in tropical forests.
Genetic diversity of seagrass seeds influences seedling morphology and biomass
Authors: Randall Hughes A. , Hanley Torrance C. , Schenck Forest R. , Hays Cynthia G. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractGenetic diversity can influence ecological processes throughout ontogeny, yet whether diversity at early life history stages is important in long‐lived taxa with overlapping generations is unclear. Seagrass systems provide some of the best evidence for the ecological effects of genetic diversity among adult shoots, but we do not know if the genetic diversity of seeds and seedlings also influences seagrass ecology. We tested the effects of seagrass (Zostera marina) seed diversity and relatedness on germination success, seedling morphology, and seedling production by comparing experimental assemblages of seeds collected from single reproductive shoots (“monocultures”) to assemblages of seeds collected from multiple reproductive shoots (“polycultures”). There was no difference in seedling emergence, yet seedlings from polycultures had larger shoots above and below ground than seedlings from monocultures at the end of the 1‐yr experiment. Genetic relatedness of the seedlings predicted some aspects of shoot morphology, with more leaves and longer roots and shoots at intermediate levels of relatedness, regardless of seed diversity. Our results suggest that studies of only adult stages may underestimate the importance of genetic diversity if the benefits at early life history stages continue to accrue throughout the life cycle.
Epoxidation of methyl oleate with molecular oxygen: Implementation of Mukaiyama reaction in flow
Authors: Vanoye Laurent , Hamami Zine Eddine , Wang Jiady , de Bellefon Claude , Fongarland Pascal , Favre‐Réguillon Alain 
Published: September 2016

Continuous‐flow technology with channel dimension in the millimeter region found widespread applications in numerous applications. The epoxidation of methyl oleate with molecular oxygen using an aldehyde as sacrificial reductant (Mukaiyama reaction) was implemented in a segmented flow microreactor. The effect of aldehyde structure and aldehyde/methyl oleate molar ratio on the conversion to epoxides was studied. Total conversion of methyl oleate (0.67 M in heptane) with a selectivity higher than 99% and a cis/trans ratio ∼75/25 was reach in less than 4 min, at room temperature, using three equivalents of 2‐ethylhexanal, 100 ppm of Mn(II) as catalyst and five bar of oxygen.Practical applications: As the result of the small reactor volumes, very high surface‐to‐volume ratio and high heat exchange efficiency compared to classical batch reactors, the overall safety of oxidation processes is significantly improved using continuous‐flow technology. Microreactors also provide better mass transfer, and thus, improve the productivity of the aerobic epoxidation of methyl oleate using aldehyde as sacrificial reductant while maintaining the high selectivity of the process.(i) Epoxidation of methyl oleate with molecular oxygen is performed safely using continuous‐flow technology. (ii) Total conversion is obtained in 4 min at r.t. using 100 ppm of Mn(II) and a sacrificial reductant. (iii) The selectivity and cis/trans ratio are comparable to batch.
Placement of a touchpad and click‐buttons to relieve arm fatigue and discomfort in a laptop PC
Authors: Han Seung Jo , Kim Sun‐Uk 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe investigated the muscle fatigue and degree of discomfort for seven combinations of positions in a touchpad and two click‐buttons (one hand: center, midright, and right in position of touchpad and buttons; two hands: all centered, centered touchpad and left buttons, right touchpad and centered buttons, and right touchpad and left buttons) while using a laptop PC. Sixteen subjects participated in tasks involving the operation of a touchpad and two click‐buttons. The muscle fatigue was evaluated by applying median frequency electromyography (EMG) for 5 minutes to the subjects while they were performing each task, and the overall degree of discomfort was measured by fuzzy logic questions after the completion of each condition. When using only one hand, the right position resulted in the lowest muscle fatigue and degree of discomfort in comparison with the other conditions (p < .05). When using two hands, the right placement of the touchpad and the left one of the buttons showed the lowest results in both the muscle fatigue and degree of discomfort (p < .05). On the other hand, the traditional centered locations in the case of both one hand and two hands were the most disadvantageous for the shoulder and wrist. The results indicate that the traditional location of the touchpad and click‐buttons in the center induced abduction in both the shoulder and the wrist, which was expressed as an increase in muscle fatigue and overall discomfort. Therefore, developing a configuration in which it is possible to adjust the positions of the touchpad and buttons based on the user's preference is required.
The mediating effect of rewarding on the relationship between employee involvement and job satisfaction
Authors: Bayraktar Cahit Ali , Araci Ozlem , Karacay Gaye , Calisir Fethi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEmployee support provides enormous benefits to help sustain a competitive advantage, respond to changes more quickly than competitors, and position the organization ahead of others. Awareness of this fact triggers organizations to prepare new motivational programs and practices. Employee involvement and rewards are among the many ways to achieve employee job satisfaction and motivational needs. Employee involvement entails giving employees an opportunity to influence decisions and actions regarding their jobs. Furthermore, rewards have the potential to prompt employees to act in line with organizational goals. This study aims to examine the relationship between employee involvement and job satisfaction based on the mediation effect of rewarding. Four hundred employees from the financial sector responded to a questionnaire. The relationship between employee involvement and job satisfaction was tested using hierarchical linear regression analysis. Results revealed that rewarding does mediate the relationship between employee involvement and job satisfaction. Organizations that give priority to employee needs and motivational processes should take both employee involvement and rewarding into consideration.
MRI uncovers disrupted hippocampal microstructure that underlies memory impairments after early‐life adversity
Authors: Molet Jenny , Maras Pamela M. , Kinney‐Lang Eli , Harris Neil G. , Rashid Faisal , Ivy Autumn S. , Solodkin Ana , Obenaus Andre , Baram Tallie Z. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTMemory and related cognitive functions are progressively impaired in a subgroup of individuals experiencing childhood adversity and stress. However, it is not possible to identify vulnerable individuals early, a crucial step for intervention. In this study, high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and intra‐hippocampal diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were employed to examine for structural signatures of cognitive adolescent vulnerabilities in a rodent model of early‐life adversity. These methods were complemented by neuroanatomical and functional assessments of hippocampal network integrity during adolescence, adulthood and middle‐age. The high‐resolution MRI identified selective loss of dorsal hippocampal volume, and intra‐hippocampal DTI uncovered disruption of dendritic structure, consistent with disrupted local connectivity, already during late adolescence in adversity‐experiencing rats. Memory deteriorated over time, and stunting of hippocampal dendritic trees was apparent on neuroanatomical analyses. Thus, disrupted hippocampal neuronal structure and connectivity, associated with cognitive impairments, are detectable via non‐invasive imaging modalities in rats experiencing early‐life adversity. These high‐resolution imaging approaches may constitute promising tools for prediction and assessment of at‐risk individuals in the clinic. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Curcumin: An effective adjunct in patients with statin‐associated muscle symptoms?
Authors: Sahebkar Amirhossein , Saboni Nikou , Pirro Matteo , Banach Maciej 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn spite of the unequivocal efficacy of statins in reducing primary and secondary cardiovascular events, the use of these drugs in a considerable number of patients is limited because of statin intolerance, mainly statin‐associated muscle symptoms (SAMS). SAMS encompass a broad spectrum of clinical presentations, including mild muscular aching and other types of myalgias, myopathy with the significant elevation of creatine kinase, and the rare but life‐threatening rhabdomyolysis. Among several pathophysiologic mechanisms of SAMS, mitochondrial dysfunction is thought to be one of the main one. Curcumin is the polyphenolic ingredient of Curcuma longa L., which has various pharmacological properties against a vast range of diseases. Curcumin has several mechanisms of actions relevant to the treatment of SAMS. These effects include the capacity to prevent and reduce delayed onset muscle soreness by blocking the nuclear factor inflammatory pathway, attenuation of muscular atrophy, enhancement of muscle fibre regeneration following injury, and analgesic and antioxidant effects. Curcumin can also increase the levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate, which leads to an increase in the number of mitochondrial DNA duplicates in skeletal muscle cells. Finally, owing to its essential lipid‐modifying properties, curcumin might serve as an adjunct to statin therapy in patients with SAMS, allowing for effective lowering of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and possibly for statin dose reduction. Owing to the paucity of effective treatments, and the safety of curcumin in clinical practice, proof‐of‐concept trials are recommended to assess the potential benefit of this phytochemical in the treatment of SAMS.
Application of texture analysis based on apparent diffusion coefficient maps in discriminating different stages of rectal cancer
Authors: Liu Liheng , Liu Yuhui , Xu Liang , Li Zhenjiang , Lv Han , Dong Ningning , Li Wenwu , Yang Zhenghan , Wang Zhenchang , Jin Erhu 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo explore the potential of texture analysis based on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps, as a predictor of local invasion depth (stage pT1‐2 versus pT3‐4) and nodal status (pN0 versus pN1‐2) of rectal cancer.Materials and MethodsSixty‐eight patients with rectal cancer underwent preoperative magnetic resonance (MR) imaging including diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) at a 3.0 Tesla system. Routine ADC variables (ADCmean, ADCmin, ADCmax), histogram features (skewness, kurtosis) and gray level co‐occurrence matrix features (entropy, contrast, correlation) were compared between pT1‐2 and pT3‐4 stages, between pN0 and pN1‐2 stages.ResultsSkewness, entropy, and contrast were significantly lower in patients with pT1‐2 as compared to those with pT3‐4 tumors (0.166 versus 0.476, P = 0.015; 3.212 versus 3.441 P = 0.004; 10.773 versus 13.596, P = 0.017). Furthermore, skewness and entropy were identified as independent predictors for extramural invasion of tumors (stage pT3‐4). Significant differences were observed between pN0 and pN1‐2 tumors with respect to ADCmean (1.152 versus 1.044, P = 0.029), ADCmax (1.692 versus 1.460, P = 0.006) and entropy (3.299 versus 3.486, P = 0.015). ADCmax. and entropy were independent predictors of positive nodal status.ConclusionTexture analysis on ADC maps could provide valuable information in identifying locally advanced rectal cancer.Level of Evidence: 3J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;45:1798–1808
Uptake of soil mineral nitrogen by Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus urophylla × grandis: No difference in N form preference
Authors: Epron Daniel , Koutika Lydie‐Stella , Tchichelle Sogni Viviane , Bouillet Jean‐Pierre , Mareschal Louis 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe introduction of N2‐fixing tree species in fast growing tree plantations is a sustainable management option aiming to reduce the risk of nitrogen (N) deficiency due to a large and frequent exportation of nutrients at harvest. Differences in soil mineral N preferences between Eucalyptus urophylla × grandis and Acacia mangium may, in addition to facilitation related to atmospheric N2 fixation, contribute to the success of mixed‐species plantations of the two species on nutrient‐poor soils of the coastal Congolese plains. We tested whether these two species differ in their preference for nitrate or ammonium by supplying either ammonium or nitrate enriched in 15N to six‐month‐old potted trees growing in an open‐air nursery. Although the uptake of nitrate tended to be higher than that of ammonium by both species, the difference was not significant and there was no significant difference between the species regarding their preferred form of soil mineral N. Despite much lower N contents in foliage, stems, and roots of eucalypt compared to acacia, the specific rates of N uptake were up to three times higher for eucalypt than acacia, which suggests that atmospheric N2 was the major source of N in the six‐month‐old acacias. We conclude that N2 fixation rather than complementarity for soil mineral nitrogen alleviates the competition between species in successful mixed eucalypt and acacia plantations.
A perceptually optimized mapping technique for display images
Authors: Yang Cheng , Chang Wenjing , Li Jia 
Published: September 2016

AbstractLiquid crystal displays (LCDs) are often viewed in the energy‐saving mode or under high ambient illumination. However, both these conditions compress the tonal dynamic range of the display device, resulting in undesirable visual perception effects. In this paper, we propose a local algorithm for improving the display image quality under either of these conditions. The proposed algorithm is based on a tone mapping technique, and it reproduces the image appearance to almost its original quality with a lower dynamic range. We also develop a more accurate definition of the image distortion, which takes into account the difference in pixel values to reduce the distortion significantly. By minimizing the differences in contrast and pixel intensity between the input and output images, the algorithm preserves the contrast while simultaneously providing brightness compensation. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively maintain image quality while enabling power savings of 30%–50%.
Treatment delay and facility case volume are associated with survival in early‐stage glottic cancer
Authors: Cheraghlou Shayan , Kuo Phoebe , Judson Benjamin L. 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveTo identify and compare treatment and system factors associated with survival in early‐stage glottic cancer.Study DesignRetrospective study of cases in the Commission on Cancer National Cancer Database.MethodsAdult patients with early glottic cancer (stage I or II) diagnosed between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2012, were included. Demographic, tumor, and survival variables were included in the analyses. Multivariate Cox regressions as well as univariate Kaplan‐Meier analyses were conducted.ResultsIn total, 5,627 patients were included in the study. Treatment factors associated with improved survival included larynx‐preserving surgery alone (hazard ratio [HR] 0.740; P = 0.001) and larynx‐preserving surgery with radiation (HR 0.837; P = 0.010) when compared to radiotherapy alone. System factors associated with worse survival included intermediate‐ (HR 1.123; P = 0.047) or low‐ (HR 1.458; P = 0.017) volume centers; Medicaid (HR 1.882; P < 0.001), Medicare (HR 1.532; P < 0.001), or other government insurance (HR 2.041; P < 0.001); and delay between diagnosis and treatment greater than 100 days (HR 1.605; P = 0.006).ConclusionA number of treatment and system factors were found to be significantly associated with survival when controlling for patient and tumor factors. These may present targets for the improvement of outcomes in early‐stage glottic cancers.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 127:616–622, 2017
Legume Grasslands Promote Precipitation Infiltration better than Gramineous Grasslands in arid Regions
Authors: Huang Ze , Tian Fu‐Ping , Wu Gao‐Lin , Liu Yu , Dang Zhi‐Qiang 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPrecipitation infiltration is the most important process for soil water supply of vegetation in the arid regions. Higher infiltration rate is advantageous for vegetation growth and maintenance in the arid areas. Four grassland types (Medicago sativa, Agropyron cristatum, Caragana korshinskii and Stipa capillata) were selected in this study. Results showed that the infiltration capacity in the legume grasslands was about 30% higher than in the gramineous grasslands and the difference was significant (p < 0·05). Furthermore, the infiltration rate in legume shrub‐grassland was 16% less than the legume grasslands, but the difference was not significant (p > 0·05). The below‐ground biomass, total porosity, capillary porosity, soil organic matters and soil aggregate were the main factors to determine the soil infiltration rates. The capillary porosity and soil aggregate of the top soil presented significant negative effects on soil infiltration rate (p < 0·05). The below‐ground biomass in 10–30 cm soil layer was the most important factor, which significantly and positively correlates with the soil infiltration rate (p < 0·01). It is possible to conclude that the legume grasslands presented the higher soil infiltration rate and promoted precipitation infiltration in the studied area. And the legume grasslands might be a more suitable option for vegetation restoration from the perspective of soil infiltration and water supply in the arid regions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Novell compact multiband broadside‐coupled split‐ring‐resonator metamaterial structure loaded fractal slot antenna for 4G communications and wireless systems
Authors: Issa Iman Ben , Essaaidi Mohamed 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTA Novell compact multiband broadside coupled split ring resonator (BC‐SRR) metamaterial structure fractal loaded slot antenna for 4G and other wireless systems is presented in this article. The radiating elements of the proposed antenna are composed of a Perturbed Sierpinski carpet fractal slot printed on the lower face of an FR4 substrate material (εr = 4.4). The slots are fed by a single L‐microstrip line of 50 Ohms characteristic impedance printed on the upper face of the substrate. The operating frequency bands of this antenna are, respectively, centered at 3.62, 6.244, 14.471, and 19.145 GHz and its total size is 28.5 mm × 40.5 mm × 1.5 mm. The introduction of the BC‐SRR structure in the center of this antenna achieved an additional broadband ranging from 2.48 to 3.35 GHz with other additional frequency bands around 5.91, 6.76, 8.33, 10.38, 13.73, and 16.1 GHz (15.74–16.41 GHz). The gain and radiation pattern plots of the antenna are also included and discussed in this article. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2823–2828, 2016