bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Child‐Adolescent Teasing Scale: psychometric properties of the Turkish version
Authors: Mutlu Banu , Yilmaz Medine 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundThe tools to measure teasing are not available in Turkish literature. This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties and performance of a Turkish version of the Child‐Adolescent Teasing Scale (CATS) among a sample of Turkish children.MethodsFour hundred middle school (grades 5‐6‐7‐8) students comprised the sample. CATS is composed of four subfactors and 32 items. Language equivalence and content validity were assessed by five experts. Psychometric testing included internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient and item‐total correlations), test–retest reliability, construct validity (principal component analysis via oblique rotation and confirmatory factor analysis), and variability (floor and ceiling effects).ResultsOf the participants, 52.5% were female. Their mean age was 12.54 ± 1.11. Language equivalence and content validity were assessed by five experts. The Content Validity Index of the scale was .87. The correlation coefficient ranged between .34 and .70. Cronbach's alpha was .92 for the total scale. The test–retest correlation value was r = .87. The scale confirmatory factor analysis showed that the scale had a four‐factor structure. These four factors explained 55.51% of the total variance. The reliability coefficient of the relationship between each subscale in relation to the total scores of the scale ranged from .56 to .93.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the Turkish version of the CATS which has good psychometric properties similar to those of the original English version is a valid and reliable tool. While the original scale has 32 items, the Turkish version of the CATS has four factors and 23 items. It can be used to assess teasing in children and adolescents.
A novel three‐dimensional printed guiding device for electrode implantation of sacral neuromodulation
Authors: Cui Z. , Wang Z. , Ye G. , Zhang C. , Wu G. , Lv J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimThe aim was to test the feasibility of a novel three‐dimensional (3D) printed guiding device for electrode implantation of sacral neuromodulation (SNM).MethodA 3D printed guiding device for electrode implantation was customized to patients’ anatomy of the sacral region. Liquid photopolymer was selected as the printing material. The details of the device designation and prototype building are described. The guiding device was used in two patients who underwent SNM for intractable constipation. Details of the procedure and the outcomes are given.ResultsWith the help of the device, the test needle for stimulation was placed in the target sacral foramen successfully at the first attempt of puncture in both patients. The time to implant a tined SNM electrode was less than 20 min and no complications were observed. At the end of the screening phase, symptoms of constipation were relieved by more than 50% in both patients and permanent stimulation was established.ConclusionThe customized 3D printed guiding device for implantation of SNM is a promising instrument that facilitates a precise and quick implantation of the electrode into the target sacral foramen.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA quantification in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of immunocompromised patients with CMV pneumonia
Authors: Beam Elena , Germer Jeffrey J. , Lahr Brian , Yao Joseph D.C. , Limper Andrew Harold , Binnicker Matthew J. , Razonable Raymund R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonia causes major morbidity and mortality. Its diagnosis requires demonstration of viral cytopathic changes in tissue, entailing risks of lung biopsy. This study aimed to determine CMV viral load (VL) thresholds in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) for diagnosis of CMV pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. CMV VL in BALF was studied in 17 patients (83% transplant recipients) and 21 control subjects with and without CMV pneumonia, respectively, using an FDA‐approved PCR assay (Cobas® AmpliPrep/Cobas TaqMan® CMV Test, Roche Molecular Systems, Inc.) calibrated to the WHO International Standard for CMV DNA (NIBSC: 09/162). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis produced a BALF CMV VL threshold of 34 800, IU/mL with 91.7% sensitivity and 100.0% specificity for diagnosis of possible, probable, and proven CMV pneumonia in transplant patients, while a threshold of 656 000 IU/mL yielded 100% sensitivity and specificity among biopsy‐proven cases. For all immunocompromised patients, a VL threshold of 274 IU/mL was selected. VL thresholds also were normalized to BALF cell count yielding a threshold of 0.32 IU/106 cells with 91.7% sensitivity and 90.5% specificity for possible, probable, and proven CMV pneumonia in transplant recipients. Monitoring CMV VL in BALF may be a less invasive method for diagnosing CMV pneumonia in immunocompromised patients.
Na+/H+ exchanger 3 blockade ameliorates type 2 diabetes mellitus via inhibition of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 1‐mediated glucose absorption in the small intestine
Authors: Chan Leo K. Y. , Wang Yi , Ng Enders K. W. , Leung Po Sing 
Published: November 2017

AimTo elucidate the role of Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3) in sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 1 (SGLT1)‐mediated small intestinal brush border membrane (BBM) glucose absorption and its functional implications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Materials and MethodsHuman jejunal samples were obtained from patients undergoing gastrectomy. 14C‐glucose absorption was measured by liquid scintillation counting. NHE3 expression was suppressed by siRNA‐mediated knockdown or augmented in Caco2 cells. Glucose and insulin tolerance in db/db and m+/db mice was assessed with oral and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests, and an intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test. Insulin resistance and β‐cell function were assessed using homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance and β‐cell function.ResultsNHE3 expression was upregulated in db/db mouse jejunal BBM and high‐glucose‐treated Caco2 cells. NHE3 blockade impaired SGLT1‐mediated glucose absorption in human jejunum, m+/db and db/db mouse jejunums, and Caco2 cells, via serum/glucocorticoid‐regulated kinase 1 (SGK1). NHE3 knockdown suppressed SGLT1‐mediated glucose uptake and reduced mRNA and protein levels of SGK1 and SGLT1, which were conversely enhanced by NHE3 overexpression. Chronic S3226 treatment diminished postprandial glucose levels and ameliorated glucose intolerance in db/db mice.ConclusionNHE3 is essential in the modulation of small intestinal BBM glucose absorption. Our findings provide a rationale for future possible clinical application of NHE3 for treatment of T2DM through reducing intestinal glucose uptake and counteracting postprandial hyperglycaemia.
Empirical and theoretical investigation into the potential impacts of insecticide resistance on the effectiveness of insecticide‐treated bed nets
Authors: Glunt Katey D. , Coetzee Maureen , Huijben Silvie , Koffi A. Alphonsine , Lynch Penelope A. , N'Guessan Raphael , Oumbouke Welbeck A. , Sternberg Eleanore D. , Thomas Matthew B. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn spite of widespread insecticide resistance in vector mosquitoes throughout Africa, there is limited evidence that long‐lasting insecticidal bed nets (LLINs) are failing to protect against malaria. Here, we showed that LLIN contact in the course of host‐seeking resulted in higher mortality of resistant Anopheles spp. mosquitoes than predicted from standard laboratory exposures with the same net. We also found that sublethal contact with an LLIN caused a reduction in blood feeding and subsequent host‐seeking success in multiple lines of resistant mosquitoes from the laboratory and the field. Using a transmission model, we showed that when these LLIN‐related lethal and sublethal effects were accrued over mosquito lifetimes, they greatly reduced the impact of resistance on malaria transmission potential under conditions of high net coverage. If coverage falls, the epidemiological impact is far more pronounced. Similarly, if the intensity of resistance intensifies, the loss of malaria control increases nonlinearly. Our findings help explain why insecticide resistance has not yet led to wide‐scale failure of LLINs, but reinforce the call for alternative control tools and informed resistance management strategies.
The Role of Parental Support and Family Variables in L1 and L2 Vocabulary Development of Japanese Heritage Language Students in the United States
Authors: Mori Yoshiko , Calder Toshiko M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis study investigated the role of parental support and selected family variables in the first (L1) and second language (L2) vocabulary development of Japanese heritage language (JHL) high school students in the United States. Eighty‐two JHL students ages 15–18 from eight hoshuukoo (i.e., supplementary academic schools for Japanese‐speaking children) were assessed for their L1 Japanese and L2 English vocabulary knowledge. Simultaneously, the students’ parents, at least one of whom was a Japanese native, completed a family background questionnaire. An exploratory factor analysis identified five components that the parents considered effective for supporting their children's language development: Japanese pop culture, reading for pleasure in Japanese, use of Japanese at home, reading to the child, and family conversation. Regression analyses revealed that reading for pleasure in Japanese positively predicted the students’ L1 Japanese vocabulary and that Japanese pop culture negatively predicted their L2 English vocabulary. L1 Japanese vocabulary was also predicted by students’ dominant language and parents’ goals for their children's achievement, whereas L2 English vocabulary was predicted by future residency plan, mother's self‐rated English proficiency, and home language use. In short, JHL students’ L1 Japanese and L2 English vocabulary development involves different family factors. Consequently, different approaches should be recommended to support HL students’ L1 and L2 development.
Shrub encroachment and vertebrate diversity: A global meta‐analysis
Authors: Stanton Richard A. , Boone Wesley W. , Soto‐Shoender Jose , Fletcher Robert J. , Blaum Niels , McCleery Robert A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimAcross the planet, grass‐dominated biomes are experiencing shrub encroachment driven by atmospheric CO2enrichment and land‐use change. By altering resource structure and availability, shrub encroachment may have important impacts on vertebrate communities. We sought to determine the magnitude and variability of these effects across climatic gradients, continents, and taxa, and to learn whether shrub thinning restores the structure of vertebrate communities.LocationWorldwide.Time periodContemporary.Major taxa studiedTerrestrial vertebrates.MethodsWe estimated relationships between percentage shrub cover and the structure of terrestrial vertebrate communities (species richness, Shannon diversity and community abundance) in experimentally thinned and unmanipulated shrub‐encroached grass‐dominated biomes using systematic review and meta‐analyses of 43 studies published from 1978 to 2016. We modelled the effects of continent, biome, mean annual precipitation, net primary productivity and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) on the relationship between shrub cover and vertebrate community structure.ResultsSpecies richness, Shannon diversity and total abundance had no consistent relationship with shrub encroachment and experimental thinning did not reverse encroachment effects on vertebrate communities. However, some effects of shrub encroachment on vertebrate communities differed with net primary productivity, amongst vertebrate groups, and across continents. Encroachment had negative effects on vertebrate diversity at low net primary productivity. Mammalian and herpetofaunal diversity decreased with shrub encroachment. Shrub encroachment also had negative effects on species richness and total abundance in Africa but positive effects in North America.Main conclusionsBiodiversity conservation and mitigation efforts responding to shrub encroachment should focus on low‐productivity locations, on mammals and herpetofauna, and in Africa. However, targeted research in neglected regions such as central Asia and India will be needed to fill important gaps in our knowledge of shrub encroachment effects on vertebrates. Additionally, our findings provide an impetus for determining the mechanisms associated with changes in vertebrate diversity and abundance in shrub‐encroached grass‐dominated biomes.
Cholesterol‐α‐glucosyltransferase gene is present in most Helicobacter species including gastric non‐Helicobacter pylori helicobacters obtained from Japanese patients
Authors: Kawakubo Masatomo , Horiuchi Kazuki , Matsumoto Takehisa , Nakayama Jun , Akamatsu Taiji , Katsuyama Tsutomu , Ota Hiroyoshi , Sagara Junji 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundNon‐Helicobacter pylori helicobacters (NHPHs) besides H. pylori infect human stomachs and cause chronic gastritis and mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Cholesteryl‐α‐glucosides have been identified as unique glycolipids present in H. pylori and some Helicobacter species. Cholesterol‐α‐glucosyltransferase (αCgT), a key enzyme for the biosynthesis of cholesteryl‐α‐glucosides, plays crucial roles in the pathogenicity of H. pylori. Therefore, it is important to examine αCgTs of NHPHs.Materials and MethodsSix gastric NHPHs were isolated from Japanese patients and maintained in mouse stomachs. The αCgT genes were amplified by PCR and inverse PCR. We retrieved the αCgT genes of other Helicobacter species by BLAST searches in GenBank.ResultsαCgT genes were present in most Helicobacter species and in all Japanese isolates examined. However, we could find no candidate gene for αCgT in the whole genome of Helicobacter cinaedi and several enterohepatic species. Phylogenic analysis demonstrated that the αCgT genes of all Japanese isolates show high similarities to that of a zoonotic group of gastric NHPHs including Helicobacter suis, Helicobacter heilmannii, and Helicobacter ailurogastricus. Of 6 Japanese isolates, the αCgT genes of 4 isolates were identical to that of H. suis, and that of another 2 isolates were similar to that of H. heilmannii and H. ailurogastricus.ConclusionsAll gastric NHPHs examined showed presence of αCgT genes, indicating that αCgT may be beneficial for these helicobacters to infect human and possibly animal stomachs. Our study indicated that NHPHs could be classified into 2 groups, NHPHs with αCgT genes and NHPHs without αCgT genes.
Physicochemical characterisation and α‐amylase inhibitory activity of tea polysaccharides under simulated salivary, gastric and intestinal conditions
Authors: Li Weiwei , Wang Cong , Yuan Guoqi , Pan Yuxiang , Chen Haixia 
Published: November 2017

SummaryTea polysaccharides (TPS) are one of the main components of tea with various bioactivities. Digestion could result in the changes of the physicochemical properties and bioactivities of polysaccharides. The objective of this study was to determine the changes in physicochemical properties and α‐amylase inhibitory activities of TPS after simulated digestion. The structure of TPS determined by UV, IR and SEM showed that no obvious changes after salivary digestion, but significant changes after gastrointestinal digestion were observed. After intestinal digestion, the contents of reducing sugar were increased from 0.650 ± 0.011 to 1.594 ± 0.078 mm, and the centre molecular weight was decreased from 540.57 to 375.35 KDa. The molar ratio of monosaccharide was changed after digestion. And α‐amylase inhibition rate was significantly increased (P < 0.05). The results could provide information on the digestibility of TPSin vitro and contribute to the development of related functional foods or medicines.
Deodorisation of fish oil by nanofiltration membrane process: focus on volatile flavour compounds and fatty acids composition
Authors: Fang Yizhou , Gu Saiqi , Zhang Jianyou , Liu Shulai , Ding Yuting , Liu Jianhua 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThis study focuses on the investigations for the deodorisation of tuna oil and squid oil through n‐hexane extraction and nanofiltration membrane process with a molecular weight cut‐off of 360 Da. The change of the odour and the fatty acids composition were analysed. Volatile components analysed by monolithic material sorptive extraction (MMSE) combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) suggested that nanofiltration membrane process could remove the majority of the volatile components, and the removal rate was approximate to 80%. The odour activity values (OAVs) of the volatile components in tuna oil and squid oil were significantly reduced from 125.23 to 17.47 and 129.76 to 10.06 (P < 0.05), respectively. On the other hand, the contents of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were increased as expected. These results indicated that the organic solvent nanofiltration technique had obvious effects on deodorisation of fish oil, and it would be a promising deodorisation method in fish oil refining industry.
Optimisation of experimental conditions for binding of divalent iron to bioactive casein phosphopeptides
Authors: Delshadian Zohre , Mortazavian Amir Mohammad , Tabarzad Maryam , Hosseini Seyede Marzieh , Mohammadi Reza , Rouhi Milad , Salami Maryam , Khosravi‐Darani Kianoush 
Published: November 2017

SummaryCasein phosphopeptides (CPPs) are mineral‐binding bioactive peptides derived from enzymatic digestion of casein. They have been shown to increase iron bioavailability due to increasing iron solubility at the alkaline pH of the intestine. Thus, they are potentially applicable as an advantageous preparation for iron fortification of food. This study aimed to characterise a commercially available CPP and determines optimum experimental conditions for binding it with ferrous iron. The effect of three variables – pH (5–7.5), mass ratio of iron to CPP (MR) (0.04–0.16) and holding time (40–80 min) – on the CPP's iron content was investigated using the central composite design (CCD) in response surface methodology (RSM), and a quadratic model was developed. The optimisation in this survey was based on the maximum response. Among all the regression's terms, the main and quadratic effects of pH represented the most significant influences on the iron content (P‐value <0.05). The obtained optimum conditions were as follows: pH 6.5, MR 0.14 and holding time 72 min, resulting in binding 68.66 mg iron per gram of the CPP. The quantity of iron bound to the CPP depended considerably on the experimental conditions and proved the importance of optimisation.
Cashew nut oil: effect of kernel grade and a microwave preheating extraction step on chemical composition, oxidative stability and bioactivity
Authors: de Carvalho Joelia Marques , de Figueiredo Raimundo Wilane , de Sousa Paulo Henrique Machado , de Luna Francisco Murilo Tavares , Maia Geraldo Arraes 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThe cashew nut kernels can be broadly classified by colour, size, quality and integrity, into whole (W), butts (B), splits (S) and P (pieces). This work evaluated seven sizes and qualities of cashew kernel (B1, S1, W4, SP1, SP2, P2 and W240), for oil extraction. Then, two oil extraction methods, using cold pressing (CP) and microwave preheating (MP), respectively, were investigated. In evaluation of cashew kernel grades, the fat content varied between 51.6 and 57.6 g 100 g−1, and the acidity and peroxide were low, indicating good chemical quality for all grades. The oil extracted by MP showed a higher induction time in the Rancimat test (46.25 h). The cashew nut oil showed bioactivity, mainly associated with the level of total phenolic compounds (CP: 202.17 mg 100 g−1; MP: 371.95 mg 100 g−1), and showed antiproliferative activity against cancer cells (lung, breast and liver) but only at high concentrations. The MP extraction preserved many components and increased the phenolic compounds in the cashew kernel oil, without promoting negative changes in its physicochemical and oxidative qualities.
Leaf, canopy and agronomic water‐use efficiency of field‐grown sugar beet in response to potassium fertilization
Authors: Jákli B. , Hauer‐Jákli M. , Böttcher F. , Meyer zur Müdehorst J. , Senbayram M. , Dittert K. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPotassium (K) fertilization is important to maintain adequate concentrations of plant available K in agricultural soils to achieve best yields and improve crop stress tolerance and water‐use efficiency (WUE). Water‐use efficiency (WUE) can be expressed on various spatiotemporal scales, and it is known that responses of WUE to external stress are not uniform across scales. Multiscale evaluations of the impact of varying K fertilization on the WUE of C3 crops under field conditions are missing so far. In the present field study, we evaluated effects of K fertilization on WUE of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) on short‐termed leaf‐ (WUELeaf) and canopy‐scales (WUECanopy) and as the agronomic ratio of white sugar yield (WSY) to in‐season water use (i.e. WUEWSY). In K‐fertilized plots, WUEWSY was enhanced by 15.9%. This effect is attributed to increased beet yield and WSY, as no differences in total in‐season water use between fertilized and unfertilized plots were observed. Potassium (K) fertilization significantly enhanced the leaf area index, resulting in a more efficient depletion of soil moisture by roots in K‐fertilized plots. As a consequence, WUELeaf was increased due to stomatal adjustment. Potassium (K) improved WUECanopy only by tendency. It is concluded that K fertilization improves the WUE of field‐grown sugar beet across scales, but processes that regulate WUE are highly scale dependent.
New Institutionalization in Long‐Term Care After Hospital Discharge to Skilled Nursing Facility
Authors: Middleton Addie , Li Shuang , Kuo Yong‐Fang , Ottenbacher Kenneth J. , Goodwin James S. 
Published: November 2017

Background/ObjectivesApproximately half of individuals newly admitted to long‐term care (LTC) nursing homes (NHs) experienced a prior hospitalization followed by discharge to a skilled nursing facility (SNF). The objective was to examine characteristics associated with new institutionalizations of older adults on this care trajectory.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingSNFs and LTC NHs.PatientsMedicare fee‐for‐service beneficiaries admitted to 7,442 SNFs in 2013 (N = 597,986).MeasurementsWe used demographic and clinical characteristics from Medicare data and the Minimum Data Set. We defined “new institutionalization” as LTC NH residence for longer than 90 non‐SNF days, starting within 6 months of hospital discharge.ResultsFor individuals who survived 6 months after hospital discharge, the overall rate of new LTC institutionalizations was 10.0% (N = 59,736). Older age, white race, being unmarried, Medicaid eligibility, higher income, more comorbidities, cognitive impairment, depression, functional limitations, hallucinations and delusions, aggressive behavior, incontinence, and pressure ulcers were associated with higher adjusted odds of new LTC institutionalization. In analyses stratified according to race and ethnicity, higher income was associated with lower odds of LTC institutionalization for whites (odds ratio (OR) = 0.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.89–0.96) and greater odds for blacks (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.27–1.55) and Hispanics (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.25–1.66). Moderate or severe depression, functional limitations, hallucinations and delusions, aggressive behavior, and being unmarried were stronger risk factors for LTC for cognitively intact individuals than for those with moderate to severe cognitive impairment. Being unmarried and having more comorbidities were stronger predictors in those aged 66 to 70 than in those aged 81 to 85 and 91 and older.ConclusionAssociations between risk factors and new LTC institutionalizations varied according to race and ethnicity, age, and level of cognitive function. Programs that target older adults at greater risk may be an effective strategy for reducing new institutionalizations and fostering aging in place.