bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smoking and risk of colonic diverticulosis
Authors: Wijarnpreecha K , Boonpheng B , Thongprayoon C , Jaruvongvanich V , Ungprasert P 
Published: October 2017

Background/Objectives:
The possible relationship between smoking and risk of colonic diverticulosis has been suggested by recent epidemiological studies, although the results were inconsistent. This meta-analysis was conducted to summarize all available data.

Methods:
A comprehensive literature review was conducted using the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases through May 2017 to identify all studies that compared the risk of colonic diverticulosis among current and former smokers versus nonsmokers. Effect estimates from each study were extracted and combined together using the random-effect, generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird.

Results:
Of 465 potentially eligible articles, three prospective cohort studies with 130,520 participants met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The risk of colonic diverticulosis in current smokers was significantly higher than nonsmokers with the pooled risks ratio of 1.46 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13–1.89). However, the risk of colonic diverticulosis in former smokers was not significantly higher than nonsmokers with the pooled risk ratio of 1.13 (95% CI, 0.88–1.44).

Conclusions:
A significantly increased risk of colonic diverticulosis among current smokers is demonstrated in this study.
Teaching High-Value Care in Pediatrics: A National Survey of Current Practices and Guide for Future Curriculum Development
Authors: Tchou Michael J. , Walz Alice , Burgener Elizabeth , Schroeder Alan , Blankenburg Rebecca 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTBackground Health care expenditures in the United States are increasing at an unsustainable pace. There have been calls to incorporate education on resource stewardship into medical training, yet the perceived need for and current use of high-value care (HVC) curricula in pediatrics residency programs is unknown.Objective We described the current national landscape of HVC curricula in pediatrics residencies, including characterization of current programs, barriers to the practice of HVC, and clarification of preferred curricula types.Methods Using a cross-sectional study design, we conducted a national, anonymous, web-based survey of pediatrics residency program directors and pediatrics chief residents in fall 2014.Results We received responses from 85 of 199 (43%) pediatrics program directors and 74 of 199 (37%) pediatrics chief residents. Only 10% (8 of 80) of program directors and 12% (8 of 65) of chief residents reported having a formal curriculum on HVC. Respondents identified the largest barriers to HVC as a lack of cost transparency (program directors) and attending physicians having the final say in treatment decisions (chief residents). The majority of respondents (83%, 121 of 146) agreed their program needs a HVC curriculum, and 90% (131 of 145) reported they would use a curriculum if it was available. Respondents significantly preferred a case-based conference discussion format over other approaches.Conclusions Most pediatrics residency programs responding to a survey lacked formal HVC curricula. There is a desire nationally for HVC education in pediatrics, particularly in a case-based discussion format.
Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) in Primary Care: A Profile of Practice
Authors: Donnelly Catherine , O’Neill Colleen , Bauer Martha , Letts Lori 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. This study aimed to understand how the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) can be used as an outcome measure in primary care and to identify the occupational performance profiles in this setting.
METHOD. First, the COPM was administered to all eligible clients at two sites. Second, a focus group with participating occupational therapists explored the feasibility of using the COPM in primary care.
RESULTS. A total of 161 COPMs were initially administered. Self-care goals were identified most frequently (n = 248), followed by productivity (n = 229) and leisure (n = 179) goals (total goals = 656). Mean initial performance and satisfactions scores were 3.2 and 2.8, respectively. The average change (n = 22) scores were 2.1 and 2.6, respectively.
CONCLUSION. The COPM is an invaluable tool to guide initial assessments and offer an occupation-focused lens. Given the lifespan approach and an emphasis on screening and assessment, the challenge was finding the opportunity for readministration.
La defensa de la educación musical desde las neurociencias
Authors: Peñalba Acitores Alicia 
Published: October 2017

La educación musical actual está atravesando un momento de crisis a nivel global (Aróstegui, 2016). Los modelos curriculares priorizan algunas materias en detrimento de otras consideradas menos importantes o secundarias, como ocurre en el caso de la música. La preocupación desde esta área ha impulsado la publicación de numerosos artículos científicos que abordan la defensa de la educación musical en las escuelas. En este artículo se analizan las aportaciones de las neurociencias presentes en la literatura sobre "defensa de la educación musical" y se discute su solidez como argumento.
The Clown Suicides: The Death and Cinematic Afterlife of Marceline Orbes and Francis “Slivers” Oakley, New York's Superstar Clowns, in Charlie Chaplin's Limelight
Authors: Reid Darren R. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
Although generally seen as an autobiographical piece, a film that reflects on the declining popularity of its director and star, Charlie Chaplin's Limelight (1952) is a sharp, albeit obscured commentary on the lives of two of the twentieth century's most important forgotten comedians. The names of Marceline Orbes and Francis “Slivers” Oakley mean almost nothing today, but these comedians were hugely influential, inspiring not only Chaplin but also Buster Keaton. Orbes and Oakley shared a focus on pathos and the mime that helped to provide Chaplin and Keaton with their comic framework. Though their careers were destroyed by the rise of cinematic comedy (and the performers whom they had helped to inspire), a development that led to their suicides, the influence of Orbes and Oakley was long lasting thanks to those successful big-screen comedians who understood and internalized their works.
High Pressure Experiments on Metal‐Silicate Partitioning of Chlorine in a Magma Ocean: Implications for Terrestrial Chlorine Depletion
Authors: Kuwahara Hideharu , Gotou Hirotada , Shinmei Toru , Ogawa Nobuhiro , Yamaguchi Asuka , Takahata Naoto , Sano Yuji , Yagi Takehiko , Sugita Seiji 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn the bulk silicate Earth, chlorine is more depleted than other elements with similar volatilities; however, the cause of terrestrial chlorine depletion is not well understood. Two major hypotheses have been proposed to explain this depletion: Incorporation into the Earth's metallic core and escape to space. The former hypothesis can be tested by investigating the partitioning of chlorine between iron‐rich metallic liquids and silicate melts. In this study, we investigated the experimental partitioning of chlorine between iron‐rich metallic liquids and silicate melts at pressures from 4 to 23 GPa and temperatures from 1,650 to 2,400°C using multi‐anvil presses. The results demonstrate that chlorine is moderately to highly lithophile under the experimental conditions. In sulfur‐free experiments, chlorine becomes slightly more siderophile as temperature increases and less siderophile as pressure increases. For sulfur‐bearing experiments, no significant effects of pressure or temperature were observed. Based on these data and thermodynamic considerations, we obtained empirical laws to estimate chlorine partition coefficients between iron‐rich metallic liquids and silicate melts. Under the P‐T conditions that would have controlled metal‐silicate equilibration during core segregation in the Earth, the calculated metal‐silicate partition coefficients for chlorine are much lower than unity. This result suggests that terrestrial chlorine that may have been present in the accreting Earth was not partitioned into its core, supporting that escape to space is the more likely hypothesis. If terrestrial chlorine was lost to space, chlorine depletion may have resulted from the loss of the primordial hydrosphere during the formation of the Earth.
Constraints on Water Reservoir Lifetimes From Catchment‐Wide 10Be Erosion Rates—A Case Study From Western Turkey
Authors: Heineke Caroline , Hetzel Ralf , Akal Cüneyt , Christl Marcus 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe functionality and retention capacity of water reservoirs is generally impaired by upstream erosion and reservoir sedimentation, making a reliable assessment of erosion indispensable to estimate reservoir lifetimes. Widely used river gauging methods may underestimate sediment yield, because they do not record rare, high‐magnitude events and may underestimate bed load transport. Hence, reservoir lifetimes calculated from short‐term erosion rates should be regarded as maximum values. We propose that erosion rates from cosmogenic 10Be, which commonly integrate over hundreds to thousands of years, are useful to complement short‐term sediment yield estimates and should be employed to estimate minimum reservoir lifetimes. Here we present 10Be erosion rates for the drainage basins of six water reservoirs in Western Turkey, which are located in a tectonically active region with easily erodible bedrock. Our 10Be erosion rates for these catchments are high, ranging from ∼170 to ∼1,040 t/km2/yr. When linked to reservoir volumes, they yield minimum reservoir lifetimes between 25 ± 5 and 1,650 ± 360 years until complete filling, with four reservoirs having minimum lifespans of ≤110 years. In a neighboring region with more resistant bedrock and less tectonic activity, we obtain much lower catchment‐wide 10Be erosion rates of ∼33 to ∼95 t/km2/yr, illustrating that differences in lithology and tectonic boundary conditions can cause substantial variations in erosion even at a spatial scale of only ∼50 km. In conclusion, we suggest that both short‐term sediment yield estimates and 10Be erosion rates should be employed to predict the lifetimes of reservoirs.
Control of Cooperativity through a Reversible Structural Phase Transition in MoMo‐Methyl/Cu(111)
Authors: Kollamana Jobynson , Wei Zheng , Lyu Lu , Zimmer Manuel , Dietrich Fabian , Eul Tobias , Stöckl Johannes , Maniraj Mahalingam , Ponzoni Stefano , Cinchetti Mirko , Stadtmüller Benjamin , Gerhards Markus , Aeschlimann Martin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe bimetallic molecular compound Dimolybdenum tetraacetate (MoMo‐Methyl) is grown on a Cu(111) surface with submonolayer coverage. Scanning tunneling microscopy experiments reveal that the compound forms two different structural phases on the Cu surface, whose ratio can be reversibly controlled by changing the sample temperature. The so‐called chain‐phase is characterized by tilted MoMo dimers bonded to the Cu surface via the methyl groups. In the so‐called mesh‐phase, on the other hand, the molecules adsorb in a flat lying adsorption configuration with one of the Mo‐atoms in direct contact with the Cu surface. Crucially, the different structural properties of the two phases reflect the different inter‐ and intramolecular interactions between the Mo metal centers, as well as the different interactions between Mo and the Cu surface atoms. In this way, the structural changes result in a modification of the cooperative effects in the system. Therefore, it is proposed that the observed reversible structural phase transition could be used to control the strength of cooperative effects in MoMo‐Methyl on Cu(111).
Built‐In Electric Fields Dramatically Induce Enhancement of Osseointegration
Authors: Liu Yun , Zhang Xuehui , Cao Cen , Zhang Yuelin , Wei Jinqi , Li Yong jun , Liang Weiwei , Hu Zhewen , Zhang Jinxing , Wei Yan , Deng Xuliang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRapid and effective osseointegration is a great challenge in clinical practice. Endogenous electronegative potentials spontaneously appear on bone defect sites and mediate healing. Thus, bone healing can potentially be stimulated using physiologically relevant electrical signals in implants. However, it is difficult to directly introduce physiologically relevant electric fields in bone tissue. In this study, built‐in electric fields are established between electropositive ferroelectric BiFeO3 (BFO) nanofilms and electronegative bone defect walls to trigger implant osseointegration and biological healing. Epitaxial growth technique is used to organize the crystal panel at an atomic scale, and ferroelectric polarization of BFO nanofilms matching the amplitude and direction of endogenous electric potentials on bone defect walls is achieved. In the presence of built‐in electric fields, implants with BFO nanofilms with downward polarization (BFO+) show rapid and superior osseointegration in the rat femur. The mechanism of this phenotypic osteogenic behavior is further studied by protein adsorption and stem cell behavior in different time points. BFO+ promotes protein adsorption and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attachment, spreading, and osteogenic differentiation. Custom‐designed PCR array examination shows sequentially initiated Ca2+ signaling, cell adhesion and spreading, and PI3K‐AKT signaling in MSCs. The results of this study provide a novel strategy for the development of implant surface modification technology.
Graphene Oxide‐Based Lamella Network for Enhanced Sound Absorption
Authors: Nine Md Julker , Ayub Md , Zander Anthony C. , Tran Diana N. H. , Cazzolato Benjamin S. , Losic Dusan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNoise is an environmental pollutant with recognized impacts on the psychological and physiological health of humans. Many porous materials are often limited by low sound absorption over a broad frequency range, delicacy, excessive weight and thickness, poor moisture insulation, high temperature instability, and lack of readiness for high volume commercialization. Herein, an efficient and robust lamella‐structure is reported as an acoustic absorber based on self‐assembled interconnected graphene oxide (GO) sheets supported by a grill‐shaped melamine skeleton. The fabricated lamella structure exhibits ≈60.3% enhancement over a broad absorption band between 128 and 4000 Hz (≈100% at lower frequencies) compared to the melamine foam. The enhanced acoustic absorption is identified to be structure dependent regardless of the density. The sound dissipation in the open‐celled structure is due to the viscous and thermal losses, whereas it is predominantly tortuosity in wave propagation and enhanced surface area for the GO‐based lamella. In addition to the enhanced acoustic absorption and mechanical robustness, the lamella provides superior structural functionality over many conventional sound absorbers including, moisture/mist insulation and fire retardancy. The fabrication of this new sound absorber is inexpensive, scalable and can be adapted for extensive applications in commercial, residential, and industrial building structures.
Using Bulk Heterojunctions and Selective Electron Trapping to Enhance the Responsivity of Perovskite–Graphene Photodetectors
Authors: Qin Liang , Wu Liping , Kattel Bhupal , Li Chunhai , Zhang Yong , Hou Yanbing , Wu Judy , Chan Wai‐Lun 
Published: October 2017

AbstractGraphene field effect transistor sensitized by a layer of semiconductor (sensitizer/GFET) is a device structure that is investigated extensively for ultrasensitive photodetection. Among others, organometallic perovskite semiconductor sensitizer has the advantages of long carrier lifetime and solution processable. A further step to improve the responsivity is to design a structure that can promote electron–hole separation and selective carrier trapping in the sensitizer. Here, the use of a hybrid perovskite–organic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) as the light sensitizer to achieve this goal is demonstrated. Our spectroscopy and device measurements show that the CH3NH3PbI3–PCBM BHJ/GFET device has improved charge separation yield and carrier lifetime as compared to a reference device with a CH3NH3PbI3 sensitizer only. The key to these enhancement is the presence of [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), which acts as charge separation and electron trapping sites, resulting in a 30‐fold increase in the photoresponsivity. This work shows that the use of a small amount of electron or hole acceptors in the sensitizer layer can be an effective strategy for improving and tuning the photoresponsivity of sensitizer/GFET photodetectors.
All‐Dielectric Metasurfaces for Simultaneous Giant Circular Asymmetric Transmission and Wavefront Shaping Based on Asymmetric Photonic Spin–Orbit Interactions
Authors: Zhang Fei , Pu Mingbo , Li Xiong , Gao Ping , Ma Xiaoliang , Luo Jun , Yu Honglin , Luo Xiangang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe control of polarization and wavefront plays an important role in many optical systems. In this work, a monolayer metasurface is proposed to simultaneously realize circular asymmetric transmission (AT) and wavefront shaping based on asymmetric spin–orbit interactions. Circularly polarized incidence, accompanied with arbitrary wavefront modulation, experiences spin‐selected destructive or constructive interference. An extinction ratio of ≈10:1 and an AT parameter of ≈0.69 at 9.6 µm, as well as a full width half‐maximum of ≈2.9 µm (≈30% of the peak wavelength), are measured with the designed metasurface. These measured results are more than four times of those achieved with previous monolayer chiral structures. As far as it is known, this is the first report on the realization of simultaneous giant AT and arbitrary wavefront modulation with only one metasurface. Due to its fabrication simplicity and the multifunctionality of the designed metasurface, this work may provide a promising route to replace bulky cascading optical components with only one ultrathin metasurface for chiroptical spectroscopy, chiral imaging, optical communication, and so forth.
Effects of Defects on the Temperature‐Dependent Thermal Conductivity of Suspended Monolayer Molybdenum Disulfide Grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Yarali Milad , Wu Xufei , Gupta Tushar , Ghoshal Debjit , Xie Lixin , Zhu Zhuan , Brahmi Hatem , Bao Jiming , Chen Shuo , Luo Tengfei , Koratkar Nikhil , Mavrokefalos Anastassios 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIt is understood that defects of the atomic arrangement of the lattice in 2D molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) can have a profound effect on the electronic and optical properties. Beyond these it is a major prerequisite to also understand the fundamental effect of such defects on phonon transport, to guarantee the successful integration of MoS2 into the solid‐state devices. A comprehensive joint experiment‐theory investigation to explore the effect of lattice defects on the thermal transport of the suspended MoS2 monolayer grown by CVD is presented. The measured room temperature thermal conductivity values are 30 ± 3.3 and 35.5 ± 3 W m−1 K−1 for two samples, which are more than two times smaller than that of their exfoliated counterpart. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy shows that these CVD‐grown samples are polycrystalline in nature with low angle grain boundaries, which is primarily responsible for their reduced thermal conductivity. Higher degree of polycrystallinity and aging effects also result in smoother temperature dependency of thermal conductivity (κ) at temperatures below 100 K. First‐principles lattice dynamics simulations are carried out to understand the role of defects such as isotopes, vacancies, and grain boundaries on the phonon scattering rates of our CVD‐grown samples.
Nacre‐Inspired Structural Composites: Performance‐Enhancement Strategy and Perspective
Authors: Zhao Hewei , Guo Lin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFor modern material engineering, one of the most ambitious goals is to develop lightweight structural materials with superior strength and toughness. Nacre, a typical biomaterial with high mechanical performance, has always inspired synthesis of high‐performance structural composites. Here, the synthesis strategies for further enhancing the strength and toughness of novel nacre‐inspired structural composites, including ternary artificial nacre, artificial nacre reinforced by bridges, and those with an ultrahigh content of a hard phase, are reviewed. Also, the challenges and outlook for preparing lighter, stronger, and tougher structural composites are discussed.
Synthesis of Large‐Size 1T′ ReS2xSe2(1−x) Alloy Monolayer with Tunable Bandgap and Carrier Type
Authors: Cui Fangfang , Feng Qingliang , Hong Jinhua , Wang Renyan , Bai Yu , Li Xiaobo , Liu Dongyan , Zhou Yu , Liang Xing , He Xuexia , Zhang Zhongyue , Liu Shengzhong , Lei Zhibin , Liu Zonghuai , Zhai Tianyou , Xu Hua 
Published: October 2017

AbstractChemical vapor deposition growth of 1T′ ReS2xSe2(1−x) alloy monolayers is reported for the first time. The composition and the corresponding bandgap of the alloy can be continuously tuned from ReSe2 (1.32 eV) to ReS2 (1.62 eV) by precisely controlling the growth conditions. Atomic‐resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals an interesting local atomic distribution in ReS2xSe2(1−x) alloy, where S and Se atoms are selectively occupied at different X sites in each Re‐X6 octahedral unit cell with perfect matching between their atomic radius and space size of each X site. This structure is much attractive as it can induce the generation of highly desired localized electronic states in the 2D surface. The carrier type, threshold voltage, and carrier mobility of the alloy‐based field effect transistors can be systematically modulated by tuning the alloy composition. Especially, for the first time the fully tunable conductivity of ReS2xSe2(1−x) alloys from n‐type to bipolar and p‐type is realized. Owing to the 1T′ structure of ReS2xSe2(1−x) alloys, they exhibit strong anisotropic optical, electrical, and photoelectric properties. The controllable growth of monolayer ReS2xSe2(1−x) alloy with tunable bandgaps and electrical properties as well as superior anisotropic feature provides the feasibility for designing multifunctional 2D optoelectronic devices.
One Pot Synthesis of γ‐Benzopyranones via Iron‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation and Subsequent 4‐Dimethylaminopyridine Catalyzed 6‐endo Cyclization
Authors: Zhai Di , Chen Lingzhu , Jia Minqiang , Ma Shengming 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOne‐pot synthesis of γ‐benzopyranones was realized in decent yields and excellent regioselectivities via iron‐catalyzed aerobic oxidation and 4‐dimethylaminopyridine‐catalyzed cyclization of related propargylic alcohols. Derivatizations to aromatic substituted γ‐benzopyranones and synthesis of naturally occurring 3′,4′‐dimethoxyflavone have also been realized.magnified image
Highly Regio‐ and Enantioselective Nitroso Diels−Alder Reaction of 1,3‐Diene‐1‐carbamates Catalyzed by Chiral N,N′‐Dioxide/Copper(II) Complex
Authors: Lu Yan , Zhou Yuhang , Zhang Jingchuan , Lin Lili , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA chiral N,N′‐dioxide/Copper(II) complex‐catalyzed highly regio‐ and enantioselective nitroso Diels−Alder (NDA) reaction of 2‐nitrosopyridines with 1,3‐diene‐1‐carbamates was described. A series of 3,6‐dihydro‐1,2‐oxazines were obtained in good to excellent yields and ee values. On the basis of the control experiments, ESI‐MS analysis and the absolute configuration of the product, a possible transition state model was proposed to explain the stereocontrol.magnified image