bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cut‐off value of nuchal translucency as indication for chromosomal microarray analysis
Authors: Maya I. , Yacobson S. , Kahana S. , Yeshaya J. , Tenne T. , Agmon‐Fishman I. , Cohen‐Vig L. , Shohat M. , Basel‐Vanagaite L. , Sharony R. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTObjectivesAn association between isolated, increased nuchal translucency thickness (NT) and pathogenic findings on chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) has been reported. A recent meta‐analysis reported that most studies use a NT cut‐off value of 3.5 mm. However, considering NT distribution and the commonly accepted 5% false‐positive rate in maternal serum screening, NT cut‐off levels should be reconsidered. The aim of this study was to assess different NT cut‐off levels as indication for CMA and to determine whether CMA should be recommended for mildly increased NT of 3.0–3.4 mm.MethodsThis was a retrospective, multicenter study of singleton pregnancies with CMA results and either normal NT and no other finding or with increased NT as the only medical indication for CMA at the time of an invasive procedure (increased NT was considered an isolated finding in cases of advanced maternal age). Women with normal fetal NT who underwent CMA did so at their own request. A single laboratory performed all genetic analyses. Comparative genomic hybridization microarray analysis or single nucleotide polymorphism array technology was used for CMA. If combined first‐trimester screening (NT and biochemistry) indicated increased risk for common aneuploidies, the case was excluded. NT was used to divide cases into three groups (≤ 2.9 mm, 3.0–3.4 mm and ≥ 3.5 mm) and their CMA results were compared.ResultsCMA results were recorded in 1588 pregnancies, among which 770 fetuses had either normal NT with no other finding or isolated increased NT. Of these, 462 had NT ≤ 2.9 mm, 170 had NT of 3.0–3.4 mm and 138 had NT ≥ 3.5 mm. Pathogenic copy number variants were found in 1.7%, 6.5% and 13.8% of cases, respectively.ConclusionOur results suggest that CMA should be recommended when fetuses have isolated, mildly increased NT (3.0–3.4 mm). Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Fetal megacystis: prediction of spontaneous resolution and outcome
Authors: Fontanella F. , Duin L. , Adama van Scheltema P. N. , Cohen‐Overbeek T. E. , Pajkrt E. , Bekker M. , Willekes C. , Bax C. J. , Bilardo C. M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the natural history of fetal megacystis from diagnosis in utero to postnatal outcome, and to identify prognostic indicators of spontaneous resolution and postnatal outcome after resolution.MethodsThis was a national retrospective cohort study. Fetal megacystis was defined in the first trimester as a longitudinal bladder diameter (LBD) ≥ 7 mm, and in the second and third trimesters as an enlarged bladder failing to empty during the entire extended ultrasound examination. LBD and gestational age (GA) at resolution were investigated with respect to likelihood of resolution and postnatal outcome, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver–operating characteristics curve (AUC) were calculated.ResultsIn total, 284 cases of fetal megacystis (93 early megacystis, identified before the 18th week, and 191 late megacystis, identified at or after the 18th week) were available for analysis. Spontaneous resolution occurred before birth in 58 (20%) cases. In cases with early megacystis, LBD was predictive of the likelihood of spontaneous resolution (sensitivity, 80%; specificity, 79%; AUC, 0.84), and, in the whole population, GA at regression was predictive of postnatal outcome, with an optimal cut‐off at 23 weeks (sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 82%; AUC, 0.91). In the group with early megacystis, the outcome was invariably good when resolution occurred before the 23rd week of gestation, whereas urological sequelae requiring postnatal surgery were diagnosed in 3/8 (38%) cases with resolution after 23 weeks. In the group with late megacystis, spontaneous resolution was associated with urological complications after birth, ranging from mild postnatal hydronephrosis in infants with resolution before 23 weeks, to more severe urological anomalies requiring postnatal surgery in those with resolution later in pregnancy. This supports the hypothesis that an early resolution of megacystis is often related to a paraphysiological bladder enlargement that resolves early in pregnancy without consequences, while antenatal resolution occurring later in pregnancy (after the 23rd week of gestation) should suggest a pathological condition with urological sequelae.ConclusionsIn fetal megacystis, LBD and GA at regression can be used as predictors of resolution and outcome, respectively. These parameters could help in fine‐tuning the prognosis and optimizing the frequency of follow‐up scans. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Enteral Diet Enriched with ω‐3 Fatty Acid Improves Oxygenation After Thoracic Esophagectomy for Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Matsuda Yasunori , Habu Daiki , Lee Sigeru , Kishida Satoru , Osugi Harushi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the anti‐inflammatory effects of immunomodulating diets (IMDs) have recently attracted attention, the efficacy of enteral feeding of such diets after radical surgery remains controversial. Thus, we conducted a new prospective, randomized controlled study to elucidate any beneficial effect of an IMD containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and γ‐linolenic acid (GLA) in patients undergoing radical esophagectomy for thoracic esophageal cancer.MethodsFrom November 2009 to July 2011, 87 consecutive patients were randomized to receive either an IMD enriched with EPA, GLA, and antioxidants (n = 42) or a standard isocaloric, isonitrogenous diet (control group, n = 45) after esophagectomy with radical lymphadenectomy. The primary outcome measure was changes in the oxygenation status (PaO2/FIO2 ratio), and the secondary outcome measures were body composition, inflammation‐related factors, coagulation markers, cholesterol concentrations, and major clinical outcomes.ResultsOxygenation was significantly better on postoperative days (PODs) 4, 6, and 8 in the IMD than control group (366.5 ± 63.3 vs. 317.3 ± 58.8, P = 0.001; 361.5 ± 52.6 vs. 314.0 ± 53.2, P < 0.001; 365.4 ± 71.2 vs. 315.2 ± 56.9, P = 0.001, respectively). Changes in the ratio of body weight on PODs 14 and 21 and lean body weight on POD 21 were significantly greater in the IMD than control group. No significant differences were observed in other measures.ConclusionsAn enteral IMD enriched with EPA and GLA improved oxygenation and maintained the body composition of patients undergoing radical esophagectomy, indicating the potential efficacy of such a diet after esophagectomy.
Limited Value of Ga‐68‐DOTATOC‐PET‐CT in Routine Screening of Patients with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1
Authors: Albers Max B. , Librizzi Damiano , Lopez Caroline L. , Manoharan Jerena , Apitzsch Jonas C. , Slater Emily P. , Bollmann Carmen , Kann Peter H. , Bartsch Detlef K. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundRoutine screening is recommended for patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) to enable early detection and treatment of associated neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN). Gallium68‐DOTATOC‐Positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (Ga‐68‐DOTATOC‐PET‐CT) is a very sensitive and specific imaging technique for the detection of sporadic neuroendocrine tumors. The present study evaluated the value of Ga‐68‐DOTATOC‐PET‐CT in routine screening of patients with MEN1.MethodsBetween January 2014 and March 2016, all MEN1 patients underwent Ga‐68‐DOTATOC‐PET‐CT in addition to conventional imaging (computed tomography of the thorax, magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen and pituitary, endoscopic ultrasonography). The diagnostic yield of conventional imaging and Ga‐68‐DOTATOC‐PET‐CT was prospectively documented and compared, and treatment changes caused by the addition of Ga‐68‐DOTATOC‐PET‐CT were recorded.ResultsConventional imaging detected 145 NENs, mainly pancreaticoduodenal NENs (n = 117, 81%), in 31 of 33 MEN1 patients. Ga‐68‐DOTATOC‐PET‐CT detected 55 NENs in 23 of the 33 patients (p = 0.0001). Ninety (62%) NENs detected by conventional imaging were missed by DOTATOC‐PET‐CT. The majority of missed lesions were pNEN (n = 68; 74%). The sensitivity of Ga‐68‐DOTATOC‐PET‐CT for NENs <5, 5–9, 10–19 and ≥20 mm was 0, 29, 81 and 100%, respectively. However, Ga‐68‐DOTATOC‐PET‐CT detected more liver and lymph node metastases in patients with known metastatic disease, which did not lead to a change of patients’ management. In one patient (3%), Ga‐68‐DOTATOC‐PET‐CT was the only imaging modality that detected a small intestine NEN and led to potentially curative surgery.ConclusionGa‐68‐DOTATOC‐PET‐CT cannot be recommended for routine screening of MEN1 patients. It might provide important additional information in patients with suspected or known metastatic disease.
“It was an Emotional Baby”: Previvors’ Family Planning Decision‐Making Styles about Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Risk
Authors: Dean Marleah , Rauscher Emily A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWomen who test positive for a BRCA genetic mutation are at an increased risk for developing hereditary breast and ovarian cancer and have a 50% chance of passing on their genetic mutation to their children. The purpose of this study was to investigate how women who test positive for a BRCA mutation but have not been diagnosed with cancer make decisions regarding family planning. Analysis of interviews with 20 women revealed they engage in logical and emotional decision‐making styles. Although women want to be logical to reduce their hereditary cancer risk, emotions often complicate their decision‐making. Women experience fear and worry about a future cancer diagnosis, yet also desire to create a family, particularly having children through natural conception. That is, women negotiate having preventative surgeries in a logical doctor‐recommended timeframe but also organize those decisions around emotional desires of motherhood. Overall, this study demonstrates the complex decisions women who test positive for a BRCA mutation must make in regards to genetic testing timing, family planning, and overall quality of life.
VOTE BUYING IN INDONESIA: CANDIDATE STRATEGIES, MARKET LOGIC AND EFFECTIVENESS
Authors: Aspinall Edward , Rohman Noor , Hamdi Ahmad Zainul , Rubaidi  , Triantini Zusiana Elly 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWhat underlying logic explains candidate participation in vote buying, given that clientelist exchange is so difficult to enforce? We address this question through close analysis of campaigns by several dozen candidates in two electoral districts in Java, Indonesia. Analyzing candidates’ targeting and pricing strategies, we show that candidates used personal brokerage structures that drew on social networks to identify voters and deliver payments to them. But these candidates achieved vote totals averaging about one quarter of the number of payments they distributed. Many candidates claimed to be targeting loyalists, suggestive of “turnout buying,” but judged loyalty in personal rather than partisan terms, and extended their vote-buying reach through personal connections mediated by brokers. Candidates were market sensitive, paying prices per vote determined not only by personal resources, but also by constituency size and prices offered by competitors. Accordingly, we argue that a market logic structures Indonesia's system of vote buying.
Agent and stewardship behavior: How do they differ?
Authors: Martin John A. , Butler Frank C. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study is examine how agency theory and stewardship theory lead to different firm-level outcomes on an array of different outcomes. Based on these differences, we argue for the development of an agent–steward measurement scale, which will help researchers classify chief executive officers (CEOs) along an agent–steward continuum. This, in turn, will spur research to predict and test CEO behaviors and firm-level outcomes. Agency theory suggests CEOs take advantage of their powerful positions to maximize their personal economic utility, whereas stewardship theory suggests CEOs are motivated through intrinsic awards and will balance their interests with those of other stakeholders. We use these theories to examine possible differences in CEO behaviors. This is important because different CEO behaviors might lead to differing impacts on important firm-level outcomes. This paper reviews the relevant agency and stewardship literatures, then offers propositions regarding CEO behaviors from agent and steward perspectives.
CROWN OF SNAKES: EURIPIDES, BACCHAE 101-2
Authors: Lane Nicholas 
Published: January 2017

ἔτεκεν δ᾽, ἁνίκα Μοῖραιτέλεϲαν, ταυρόκερων θεὸν 100ϲτεφάνωϲέν τε δρακόντωνϲτεφάνοιϲ, ἔνθεν ἄγραν θηρότροφον μαι-νάδεϲ ἀμφιβάλλονται πλοκάμοιϲ.102-3 θηρότροφον praeeunte Musgrave (-τρόφον) Allen : -τρόφοι ‹L›P
The subject of ἔτεκεν (99) and ϲτεφάνωϲεν (101) is Zeus (95). If the text is right, Zeus gave birth to Dionysus, and Zeus then crowned him with snakes. This note argues that the text is corrupt because (i) vase painting shows Dionysus born already crowned, and (ii) the notion that Zeus should crown anyone is quite exceptional. I conclude that in 101 Euripides probably wrote ϲτεφανωθέντα, not ϲτεφάνωϲέν τε.
Iterating Bilinear Hardy Inequalities
Authors: Křepela Martin 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAn iteration technique for characterizing boundedness of certain types of multilinear operators is presented, reducing the problem to a corresponding linear-operator case. The method gives a simple proof of a characterization of validity of the weighted bilinear Hardy inequalityfor all non-negative f, g on (a, b), for 1 < p1, p2, q < ∞. More equivalent characterizing conditions are presented.The same technique is applied to various further problems, in particular those involving multilinear integral operators of Hardy type.
A revised and improved age model for the middle Miocene part of IODP Site U1318 (Porcupine Basin, offshore southwestern Ireland)
Authors: QUAIJTAAL WILLEMIJN , TESSEUR STEVEN , DONDERS TIMME H. , CLAEYS PHILIPPE , LOUWYE STEPHEN 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIntegrated Ocean Drilling Program Leg 307 Site U1318 is one of the few relatively complete middle Miocene drillcores from the North Atlantic (Porcupine Basin, offshore southwestern Ireland). Using benthic foraminiferal stable carbon and oxygen isotopes, the existing age model for Site U1318 was improved. The stable isotope record displays globally recognized isotope events, used to revise the existing magnetostratigraphy-based age model. Two intervals contained misidentified magnetochrons which were corrected. The sampled interval now has a refined age of 12.75–16.60 Ma with a temporal resolution of c. 29 ka.
HOBBES'S CONVENTIONALIST THEOLOGY, THE TRINITY, AND GOD AS AN ARTIFICIAL PERSON BY FICTION
Authors: ABIZADEH ARASH 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBy the time Hobbes wrote Leviathan, he was a theist, but not in the sense presumed by either side of the present-day debate concerning the sincerity of his professed theism. On the one hand, Hobbes's expressed theology was neither merely deistic, nor confined to natural theology: the Hobbesian God is not merely a first mover, but a person who counsels, commands, and threatens. On the other hand, the Hobbesian God's existence depends on being constructed artificially by human convention. The Hobbesian God is not a natural person; he exists as a person only insofar as he is by fiction represented. Like the state and pagan gods, he is an artificial person by fiction. The upshot is that Hobbes was a sincere theist and that his seventeenth-century critics were right to think that, in their sense, he was an atheist: he did not steadfastly believe in an independently existing deity who precedes human convention. Hobbes was agnostic on this question. He nevertheless believed that God is brought into being as an artificial person. This ‘personal theology’ not only involved a heretical interpretation of the Trinity, it also came to play a significant role in his moral and political philosophy.
‘IRELAND AS A WEAPON OF WARFARE’: WHIGS, TORIES, AND THE PROBLEM OF IRISH OUTRAGES, 1835 TO 1839
Authors: ROSZMAN JAY R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis article contends that the Irish policy of both the Whig and Tory parties has received rather short shrift in the historiography surrounding Britain's decade of reform. In an attempt to rectify this gap, the article traces the emergence of the Whig policy of ‘justice to Ireland’ between 1835 and 1839; a policy championed by an emerging activist leadership within the party that promoted Catholics in Irish administration and attempted to pass substantial legislative reform. This ambitious Whig agenda upended a thirty-five-year consensus that relied on coercion to rule Ireland's recalcitrant population. Tories vehemently opposed this change, and used Irish agrarian violence – so-called ‘outrages’ – to undermine the success of the Whigs’ novel approach to governing Ireland through remedial legislation. This confrontation over Irish policy led to an 1839 House of Lords committee on Irish crime that passed a vote of censure on the Whigs’ Irish policy and nearly toppled Melbourne's government. However, the article demonstrates how the Whigs’ Irish policy was the one question that held together their big tent coalition of Whigs, English radicals, and O'Connellites, thus extending their administration for another two years.
Copro-PCR prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus infection in dogs in Kerman, south-eastern Iran
Authors: Mirbadie S.R. , Kamyabi H. , Mohammadi M.A. , Shamsaddini S. , Harandi M.F. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of taeniid parasites and the specific detection of Echinococcus granulosus using copro-DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis in the stray dogs of Kerman, south-eastern Iran. From September 2013 to May 2014, faecal samples of stray dogs were collected from different parts of the city of Kerman and its suburbs. Faecal samples from dogs were collected randomly within 24 h of defecation. All samples were transferred to the research lab and coprological examinations were conducted by the formalin–ether concentration method. In the microscopically positive samples, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) specific primers were used to determine the taeniid identity of the infection. In addition, another set of primers was used for the specific diagnosis of E. granulosus sensu lato. In total, 307 faecal samples from stray dogs were examined for the presence of the parasites. Taeniidae eggs were detected in 34 dogs (11.07%). All 34 taeniid-positive specimens were PCR positive for cox1 (444 bp). Of all taeniid-positive specimens, 21 samples (6.8% of all dog specimens) were positive according to primers specific for E. granulosus. The findings of the present study revealed that canine echinococcosis is prevalent in the stray dogs in Kerman. The findings of the present study have important implications for hydatid control programmes in the area.
Effect of host diversity and species assemblage composition on bovine tuberculosis (bTB) risk in Ethiopian cattle
Authors: SINTAYEHU DEJENE W. , HEITKÖNIG IGNAS M. A. , PRINS HERBERT H. T. , TESSEMA ZEWDU K. , DE BOER WILLEM F. 
Published: January 2017

SUMMARYCurrent theories on diversity–disease relationships describe host species diversity and species identity as important factors influencing disease risk, either diluting or amplifying disease prevalence in a community. Whereas the simple term ‘diversity’ embodies a set of animal community characteristics, it is not clear how different measures of species diversity are correlated with disease risk. We therefore tested the effects of species richness, Pielou's evenness and Shannon's diversity on bovine tuberculosis (bTB) risk in cattle in the Afar Region and Awash National Park between November 2013 and April 2015. We also analysed the identity effect of a particular species and the effect of host habitat use overlap on bTB risk. We used the comparative intradermal tuberculin test to assess the number of bTB-infected cattle. Our results suggested a dilution effect through species evenness. We found that the identity effect of greater kudu – a maintenance host – confounded the dilution effect of species diversity on bTB risk. bTB infection was positively correlated with habitat use overlap between greater kudu and cattle. Different diversity indices have to be considered together for assessing diversity–disease relationships, for understanding the underlying causal mechanisms. We posit that unpacking diversity metrics is also relevant for formulating disease control strategies to manage cattle in ecosystems characterized by seasonally limited resources and intense wildlife–livestock interactions.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory is more effective than anti-oxidant therapy in counteracting oxidative/nitrosative stress and heart disease inT. cruzi-infected mice
Authors: NOVAES RÔMULO D. , SANTOS ELIZIÁRIA C. , FIALHO MARIA DO CARMO Q. , GONÇALVES WAGNER G. , SEQUETTO PRISCILA L. , TALVANI ANDRÉ , GONÇALVES REGGIANI V. 
Published: January 2017

SUMMARYWe compared the relevance of ibuprofen, vitamins C and E to control oxidative/nitrosative stress and heart disease in mice infected byTrypanosoma cruzi. Swiss mice were randomized into five groups: control, uninfected; infected without treatment; and infected treated with vitamins C, E or ibuprofen. Animals were inoculated with 2000 trypomastigote forms ofT. cruzi. After 20 days, infected mice presented reduced vitamin C and E tissue levels, high cytokines (interferon gamma, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin 10 and chemokine ligand 2), prostaglandin F2α(PGF2α) and nitric oxide (NO) cardiac production, intense myocarditis and reactive tissue damage, which was directly correlated with the intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate and the degree of pathological cardiac remodelling. Vitamins C and E supplementation were irrelevant to counteract reactive tissue damage and myocarditis in infected animals. Conversely, ibuprofen reduced tissue levels of cytokines, PGF2αand NO, as well as lipid and protein oxidation, antioxidant enzyme activity and the cardiac damage, without interfering with heart parasitism. Our results do not support the applicability of vitamin C and E supplementation in the management of acute Chagas cardiomyopathy. By controlling the inflammatory infiltrate, anti-inflammatory-based therapy proved to be a more rational strategy than a direct antioxidant therapy in attenuating oxidative/nitrosative stress and cardiac damage.