bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface-Active Properties of a Trimeric Sulfate-type Surfactant Derived from Glycerol
Authors: Liu Fan , Xu Kai , Xu Chang , Xu Hujun 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA trimeric sulfate-type surfactant was synthesized and the surface chemical properties and micellar behavior of this surfactant were investigated by surface tension and fluorescence measurements. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the surface tension at CMC both decreased with the increase of NaCl concentration. The thermodynamic parameters indicate that the micelle formation is entropy-driven. The micelle aggregation number was determined and changed little between 303 K and 313 K. All the experimental results show that the surface-active properties of the surfactant are insensitive to the temperature compared with conventional surfactants.
Picolinic Acid Promoted Permanganate Oxidation of D-Mannitol in Micellar Medium
Authors: Ghosh Aniruddha , Datta Indukamal , Ghatak Somasree , Mahali Kalachand , Bhattacharyya Subhendu Sekhar , Saha Bidyut 
Published: July 2016

AbstractKinetics of permanganate oxidation of D-mannitol have been investigated spectrophotometrically under pseudo-first-order conditions in aqueous acidic media at 30 °C. The spectral analysis of hydrazone derivative of the product indicates the product to be an aldehyde. The observed rate constant value was found to be relatively slow in the uncatalyzed path, which increases by the presence of four isomeric promoters: 2-picolinic acid (2-PA), 4-picolinic acid (4-PA), 2,3-dipicolinic acid (2,3-diPA) and 2,6-dipicolinic acid (2,6-diPA). The catalytic effect of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) surfactant on the permanganate oxidation of D-mannitol has been also studied in the presence of the promoters. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of SDBS alone and in presence of D-mannitol was determined by conductometry and spectrophotometry. The aggregation and morphological changes during reaction were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The variation of the reaction rates for the different promoters in the presence and absence of SDBS micellar catalyst is discussed qualitatively in the terms of partitioning nature of substrate, charge of surfactant and reactants. 2,3-diPA in association with SDBS as micellar catalyst accelerated the reaction velocity compared to the uncatalyzed path.
Enhanced Soil Remediation via Plant-Based Surfactant Compounds from Acanthophyllum Laxiusculum
Authors: Soltaninejad Hajar , Lotfabad Tayebe Bagheri , Yaghmaei Soheila 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
In the present study, an aqueous root-extract of Acanthophyllum laxiusculum (AREAL) was evaluated for phenanthrene removal from two samples of contaminated soil. AREAL showed a linear solubilization enhancement for phenanthrene with a weight solubilization ratio of 0.05. Batch soil washing experiments caused the removal of phenanthrene with efficiencies of 96.7 % and 78 % from soils with 0.78 % and 2.73 % organic carbon, respectively. Desorption kinetics of phenanthrene exhibited a two-phase pattern, namely, a rapid release as the initial phase and a slower removal as a subsequent phase. A two-compartment exponential model could adequately represent the two phases of the kinetic pattern of phenanthrene desorption. The rise of pH from acidic to basic levels, decreased phenanthrene removal due to changes in the micelle number of the surfactant phase. Maximum achievable yield of removal was 82 % phenanthrene in a column experiment at defined operational conditions. High removal efficiencies show the potential application of AREAL for improving the bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from contaminated soils.
A Classification of Three-dimensional Real Hypersurfaces in Non-flat Complex Space Forms in Terms of their Generalized Tanaka–Webster Lie Derivative
Authors: Kaimakamis George , Panagiotidou Konstantina , de Dios Perez Juan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractOn a real hypersurfaceMin a non-flat complex space form there exist the Levi–Civita and thek-th generalized Tanaka–Webster connections. The aim of this paper is to study three dimensional real hypersurfaces in non-flat complex space forms, whose Lie derivative of the structure Jacobi operatorwith respect to the Levi–Civita connection coincides with the Lie derivative of it with respect to thek-th generalized Tanaka-Webster connection. The Lie derivatives are considered in direction of the structure vector field and in direction of any vector field orthogonal to the structure vector field.
O DESENVOLVIMENTO DAS RELAÇÕES DE PAIS E AVÓS COM UMA CRIANÇA COM CEGUEIRA CONGÊNITA
Authors: Sanches Karla Valente , Alves Zélia M. M. Biasoli 
Published: July 2016

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivos descrever o desenvolvimento das relações sociais de uma criança com deficiência visual e seu contexto familiar, incluindo os pais, avós maternos, paternos e uma tia; analisar as idéias dos pais sobre a educação da criança e as dificuldades que eles assinalam; verificar a influência de eventos extra e intra familiares no comportamento da criança. A coleta de dados foi estruturada em 16 etapas, sendo uma por mês, utilizando-se o Relato Oral e Diário de Campo. Os resultados mostram que certos acontecimentos do contexto familiar influenciaram o desenvolvimento, de determinadas habilidadesda criança, no período investigado. A discussão procura enfatizar a importância de se investigar o contexto porque ele tem uma grande influência no desenvolvimento da criança, ligado à análise do desempenho e característica dela, especialmente quando se tem uma que apresente alguma deficiência.
Agrocombustíveis versus segurança alimentar: o incerto lugar da agricultura familiar nas políticas de incentivo à produção de etanol no sul do Brasil
Authors: Gehardt Cleyton , Santos Casciópia 
Published: July 2016

O artigo foca a controvérsia sobre incentivos públicos ao cultivo de matéria-prima para produção de agrocombustíveis no Rio Grande do Sul (com ênfase no etanol) a partir do cruzamento com a questão da segurança alimentar e o lugar da agricultura familiar no debate. O motivador da pesquisa consiste em um novo programa lançado em 2014 pelo executivo estadual, o RS Mais Etanol, que prevê suprir a demanda de etanol do estado até 2027. Numa primeira parte, faz-se uma breve contextualização sobre o tema da agroenergia para em seguida entrar na discussão a partir de dois eixos centrais: segurança alimentar e os conceitos de “ecoeficiência” e “economia verde”. A seguir são contrapostos, a partir da literatura especializada, argumentos de especialistas sobre potenciais efeitos dos agrocombustíveis nos preços, na produção de alimentos e para a agricultura familiar e o meio ambiente. Por fim, busca-se, com base na análise das entrevistas feitas com os principais interessados no debate, contrastar e discutir as implicações de seus pontos de vista sobre a política de incentivo ao etanol e como ela repercute na agricultura familiar.
Diversidade, educação e relações étnico-raciais na CONAE-PR
Authors: Silva Paulo Vinicius B da , Espejo Trigo Rosa Amália , Dias Lucimar Rosa 
Published: July 2016

Este artigo focaliza a relação entre diversidade e educação tratada na Conferência Estadual de Educação do Estado do Paraná (CONAE-PR). Compreende-se a diversidade a partir das propostas vindas dos movimentos sociais e outras esferas do espaço social como sendo um fator importante para o reconhecimento das diferenças e a superação das desigualdades. Foram definidos como objeto de análise o documento referência da II Conferência Nacional de Educação – CONAE e as propostas para a CONAE-PR organizadas no Caderno de Emendas. A análise parte de uma discussão sobre o conceito de diversidade e suas expressões nos documentos e converge para as relações étnico-raciais, em especial as proposições dirigidas para o estabelecimento de igualdade étnico-racial e para buscar equalizar os resultados educacionais dos grupos de raça/cor brancos(as) e negros(as). No processo da análise revela-se um alongamento da agenda da diversidade, que se estendem nos diversos eixos, nas metas e estratégias para especificações que atendem a educação do campo, quilombolas, escolas indígenas, pessoas com deficiências, relação étnico-raciais, relações de gênero e orientação sexual. Evidencia-se um debate muito intenso de posições inclusive antagônicas, que acabaram retirando propostas de promoção de igualdade étnico-racial. No entanto o que prevalece é a reafirmação e aumento das políticas educacionais voltadas para as minorias, em uma tendência que busca combinar políticas focais com avanços das políticas universalistas.
Effect of Fe coating of nucleation sites on epitaxial growth of Fe oxide nanocrystals on Si substrates
Authors: Ishibe Takafumi , Watanabe Kentaro , Nakamura Yoshiaki 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
We studied the effect of Fe coating on the epitaxial growth of Fe3O4 nanocrystals (NCs) over Fe-coated Ge epitaxial nuclei on Si(111). To completely cover Ge nuclei with Fe, some amount of Fe (>8 monolayers) must be deposited. Such covering is a key to epitaxial growth because an Fe coating layer prevents the oxidation of Ge surfaces during Fe3O4 formation, resulting in the epitaxial growth of Fe3O4 on them. This study demonstrates that an appropriate Fe coating of nucleation sites leads to the epitaxial growth of Fe3O4 NCs on Si substrates, indicating the realization of environmentally friendly and low-cost Fe3O4 NCs as the resistance random access memory material.
Gap plasmon excitation in plasmonic waveguide using Si waveguide
Authors: Okuda Koji , Kamada Shun , Okamoto Toshihiro , Haraguchi Masanobu 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Plasmonic waveguides have attracted considerable attention for application in highly integrated optical circuits since they can confine light to areas smaller than the diffraction limit. In this context, in order to realize a highly integrated optical circuit, we fabricate and evaluate the optical characteristics of a poly(methyl methacrylate) junction positioned between Si and plasmonic waveguides. For the plasmonic waveguide, we employ a gap plasmonic waveguide in which the energy of the plasmonic wave can be confined in order to reduce the scattering loss at the junction. By experimental measurement, we determine the coupling efficiency between the Si and gap plasmonic waveguides and the propagation length at the gap plasmonic waveguide to be 52.4% and 11.1 µm, respectively. These values agree with those obtained by the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulation. We believe that our findings can significantly contribute to the development of highly integrated optical circuits.
Racial and Ethnic Representation in Food Allergen Immunotherapy Trial Participants
Authors: Suffian Hannah , Pandya Aarti , Davidson Lauren , Staggs Vincent , Jones Bridgette L. 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceThe lack of inclusion of diverse population samples in food allergy immunotherapy clinical trials not only leads to decreased applicability to the general population in terms of results and treatments but can also be seen as a broader social injustice contributing to inequity within the health care system.ObjectivesTo investigate the racial and ethnic distribution of participants included in food allergy immunotherapy clinical trials, and determine whether the racial and ethnic representation in trials accurately reflects the patients who experience food allergy.Evidence ReviewData were collected from articles found on PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov using key terms of food hypersensitivity, food allergy, and immunotherapy, while also incorporating specific criteria such as clinical trials conducted within the last 5 years with children aged from birth to 18 years old. Articles were selected based on their relevance to the research question. Main outcomes were totals and percentages of trial participants by race and ethnicity, stratified by pediatric trials, site of study, and National Institutes of Health funding.FindingsThirty-five articles were initially identified, of which 34 were classified as human clinical trials. Of these trials, 26 met criteria of an original randomized clinical trial and included racial and ethnic demographics for analysis in the study. Among trials included, the majority of the 3689 participants identified as White (2640 participants [72.0%]), followed by Black or African American (293 participants [8.0%]), Asian (239 participants [6.0%]), multiple races or other (210 participants [6.0%]), Hispanic or Latino (96 participants [3.0%]), American Indian (3 participants [&amp;lt;1.0%]), and Native American or Pacific Islander (3 participants [&amp;lt;1.0%]). We observed differences in racial and ethnic inclusion by study site (US vs external to US) and funding support (National Institutes of Health vs industry or other non–National Institutes of Health sources).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this systematic review of racial and ethnic diversity in food allergy immunotherapy trials, there was a lack of diversity relative to the overall food allergy burden among Black and Hispanic patients, indicating important gaps in the conduct of pediatric clinical trials, especially for treatments that are meant for use in broad populations where significant race- and ethnicity-related disparities exist. Working to correct this disparity will not only increase the usefulness of future clinical trial data but can further assist in alleviating public health inequities.
Sleep Disturbance and Subsequent Suicidal Behaviors in Preadolescence
Authors: Gowin Joshua L. , Stoddard Joel , Doykos Ted K. , Sammel Mary D. , Bernert Rebecca A. 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceSuicide is a leading cause of death among adolescents, who demonstrate high rates of sleep disturbance. Poor sleep appears to confer risk for suicide, but longitudinal investigation of suicidal behaviors remains rare, particularly in the transition from childhood to early adolescence.ObjectiveTo evaluate sleep disturbances in preadolescent children (aged 9 and 10 years) in association with longitudinal risk for suicidal ideation and suicide attempts at the 2-year follow-up.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study between June 2016 and January 2021. This dataset included children aged 9 or 10 years at baseline and their parents or caregivers who were recruited at 21 sites across the US. Data were analyzed July 2023 to June 2024.ExposuresThe Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children, a 26-item parent-reported inventory, was administered at baseline, generating a total score and 6 subscales. Central covariates included the Child Behavior Checklist Anxiety and Depression subscale and demographic variables.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe computerized Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS-COMP) assessed parent- and youth-reported suicidal behaviors and outcomes (none; passive, active nonspecific, and active specific suicidal ideation; and suicide attempt) at the 2-year follow-up. Sleep disturbance was further grouped by symptom severity (minimal, moderate, elevated, high, and severe).ResultsOf the 10 136 youths who reported no baseline suicidal ideation or behavior, 8807 youths (mean [SD] age, 9.9 [0.6] years; 4507 males [51.2%]; 197 Asian individuals [2.2%], 1273 Black individuals [14.5%], and 5775 White individuals [65.6%]) completed the K-SADS-COMP assessment at the 2-year follow-up and were included in the analysis. At the follow-up, 8044 participants (91.3%) had no suicidal behavior, 317 (3.6%) had passive suicidal ideation, 258 (2.9%) had active nonspecific suicidal ideation, 130 (1.5%) had active specific suicidal ideation, and 58 (0.7%) had a first-time suicide attempt. Baseline sleep disturbance was associated with increased incidence risk for suicidal behavior at age 12 years (odds ratio, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.44-4.98; P = .002), adjusting for covariates. Individual subscales or items demonstrating associations with risk included disorders of excessive somnolence and frequency of nightmares.Conclusions and RelevanceResults of this longitudinal cohort study revealed that disturbed sleep at age 10 years was associated with risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors in the next 2 years. The findings highlight the potential importance of sleep as a visible risk factor and intervention target in the prevention of youth suicide.
Janus Swarm Metamaterials for Information Display, Memory, and Encryption
Authors: Zhang Zenghao , Raymond Jeffery E. , Lahann Joerg , Pena‐Francesch Abdon 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMetamaterials are emerging as an unconventional platform to perform computing abstractions in physical systems by processing environmental stimuli into information. While computation functions have been demonstrated in mechanical systems, they rely on compliant mechanisms to achieve predefined states, which impose inherent design restrictions that limit their miniaturization, deployment, reconfigurability, and functionality. Here, a metamaterial system is described based on responsive magnetoactive Janus particle (MAJP) swarms with multiple programmable functions. MAJPs are designed with tunable structure and properties in mind, that is, encoded swarming behavior and fully reversible switching mechanisms, to enable programmable dynamic display, non‐volatile and semi‐volatile memory, Boolean logic, and information encryption functions in soft, wearable devices. MAJPs and their unique swarming behavior open new functions for the design of multifunctional and reconfigurable display devices, and constitute a promising building block to develop the next generation of soft physical computing devices, with growing applications in security, defense, anti‐counterfeiting, camouflage, soft robotics, and human‐robot interaction.
Hybrid Powder‐Based Additive Manufacturing of Laser‐Induced Graphene 3D Architectures with Tunable Porous Microstructures from Waste Sources of Black Liquor and White Pollution
Authors: Gao Yan , Wang Yanan , Cao Yujie , Hu Yajie , Wang Guantao , Han Mingguang , Luo Sida 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMacroscopic 3D‐controllable graphene (3D‐CG) architectures not only retain the intrinsic properties of graphene sheets but also exhibit structural advantages for pollutant adsorption and energy storage. This paper proposes a novel hybrid powder‐based additive manufacturing method to fabricate 3D biomass‐derived laser‐induced graphene (3D B‐LIG) structures with customizable geometries and microporous features. This method utilizes two waste sources as feedstock precursors for sustainable graphene production: “black liquor” (sodium lignosulfonate, NaLS) and “white pollution” (polypropylene, PP). Employing a computer‐aided design process, this method allows for the synchronous creation of various freeform macrostructures, with either identical or variable sections. To optimize the formability and processing efficiency of 3D B‐LIG, systematic studies have been conducted. These studies establish the relationship between processing parameters and the resulting structures by controlling the laser parameters and the mixing ratio of NaLS and PP. By leveraging tunable microporous structures with a maximized specific surface area of 485.3 m2 g−1, 3D B‐LIG demonstrates exceptional performance in pollutant adsorption (with a maximum adsorption capacity of 283.3 mg g−1 for methylene blue) and energy storage (with a gravimetric specific capacitance value of 194.9 F g−1).
Yield gap analysis for rainfed grain sorghum in Kansas
Authors: Sexton‐Bowser Sarah , Patrignani Andres 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the United States, grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] production is concentrated in the US Great Plains region, with the state of Kansas accounting for ∼50% of the planted area. In Kansas, state‐level grain yields steadily increased at a rate of 0.07 Mg ha−1 year−1 from 1957 to 1990. However, since 1990, sorghum yield trends across the United States and Kansas have been exhibiting signs of yield stagnation. The objectives of this study were to (1) quantify the magnitude of the yield gap and (2) identify possible reasons for yield stagnation of rainfed sorghum in Kansas. Current yield (Yc) was estimated as the average yield of the most recently reported 10 years. Maximum attainable yield (Ya) and water‐limited potential yield (Yw) were estimated with a frontier yield function using an extensive dataset of crop performance trials, yield contest data, and county‐level survey yield data totaling 2997 site‐years. State‐level Yc was 4.7 Mg ha−1, which represents 77% of Ya and 49% of Yw. At a regional level, there is a trend of increasing yield gap in central and western Kansas sorghum‐producing regions. Sorghum yield in Kansas appears to be stagnant due to a small exploitable yield gap relative to Ya rather than Yw, a statewide shift in planting area to environments more vulnerable to water deficits, and cultivation in soils with moderate to severe limitations.
Applying a community‐engaged participatory machine learning model
Authors: Asabor Emmanuella Ngozi , Aneni Kammarauche , Weerakoon Sitara , Opara Ijeoma 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAlthough predictive algorithms have been described as the definitive solution to bias in health care, machine learning techniques may also propagate existing health inequities within the community context. However, there may be ways in which machine learning techniques can help community psychologists, public health researchers and practitioners identify patterns in data in a way that empowers improved outcomes. Incorporating community insight in all stages of machine learning research mitigates bias by positioning members of underrepresented communities as the experts of their lived experiences. As community psychologists already prioritize community‐based participatory practices, we propose three core guiding principles for a community‐engaged participatory model for research using machine learning techniques: shared decision‐making, reflexivity and structural humility, and flexibility and adaptability. Guided by these three principles, we emphasize grounding priority setting, problem formation, model assumptions, and interpretation of the resulting algorithmic patterns in the truths born from the lived experiences of people closest to the problem. We also suggest opportunities for bidirectional and mutually empowering partnerships between algorithmic scientists and the communities to which their algorithms will be applied. Inclusion of community stakeholders in all stages of machine learning for health research provides an opportunity to develop algorithms that are both highly effective and ethically grounded in the lived experiences of target populations.