bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myeloid differentiation primary response gene (MyD) 88 signalling is not essential for intestinal fibrosis development
Authors: Lutz C. , Weder B. , Hünerwadel A. , Fagagnini S. , Lang B. , Beerenwinkel N. , Rossel J. B. , Rogler G. , Misselwitz B. , Hausmann M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDysregulation of the immune response to microbiota is associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which can trigger intestinal fibrosis. MyD88 is a key component of microbiota signalling but its influence on intestinal fibrosis has not been clarified. Small bowel resections from donor-mice were transplanted subcutaneously into the neck of recipients C57BL/6 B6-MyD88tm1 Aki (MyD88−/−) and C57BL/6-Tg(UBC-green fluorescence protein (GFP))30Scha/J (GFP-Tg). Grafts were explanted up to 21 days after transplantation. Collagen layer thickness was determined using Sirius Red stained slides. In the mouse model of fibrosis collagen deposition and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) expression was equal in MyD88+/+ and MyD88−/−, indicating that MyD88 was not essential for fibrogenesis. Matrix metalloproteinase (Mmp)9 expression was significantly decreased in grafts transplanted into MyD88−/− recipients compared to MyD88+/+ recipients (0.2 ± 0.1 vs. 153.0 ± 23.1, respectively, p < 0.05), similarly recruitment of neutrophils was significantly reduced (16.3 ± 4.5 vs. 25.4 ± 3.1, respectively, p < 0.05). Development of intestinal fibrosis appears to be independent of MyD88 signalling indicating a minor role of bacterial wall compounds in the process which is in contrast to published concepts and theories. Development of fibrosis appears to be uncoupled from acute inflammation.
New microsatellite markers for population studies of Phytophthora cinnamomi, an important global pathogen
Authors: Engelbrecht J. , Duong T. A. , Berg N. v. d. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPhytophthora cinnamomiis the causal agent of root rot, canker and dieback of thousands of plant species around the globe. This oomycete not only causes severe economic losses but also threatens natural ecosystems. In South Africa,P. cinnamomiaffects eucalyptus, avocado, macadamia and indigenous fynbos. Despite being one of the most important plant pathogens with a global distribution, little information is available regarding origin, invasion history and population biology. This is partly due to the limited number of molecular markers available for studyingP. cinnamomi. Using available genome sequences for three isolates ofP. cinnamomi, sixteen polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed as a set of multiplexable markers for both PCR and Gene Scan assays. The application of these markers onP. cinnamomipopulations from avocado production areas in South Africa revealed that they were all polymorphic in these populations. The markers developed in this study represent a valuable resource for studying the population biology and movement ofP. cinnamomiand will aid in the understanding of the origin and invasion history of this important species.
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and its Associated Factors among Multi-ethnic Adults in Rural Areas in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Guo Heng , Gao Xiang , Ma Rulin , Liu Jiaming , Ding Yusong , Zhang Mei , Zhang Jingyu , Mu Lati , He Jia , Yan Yizhong , Ma Jiaolong , Guo Shuxia , Wei Sheng 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMetabolic syndrome (MetS) has become a global public health problem affecting all nations and races. Few studies on the epidemic of metabolic syndrome (MetS) examined multi-ethnic adults in rural areas in Xinjiang, China. We thus investigated the prevalence and risk factors of MetS there. A cross-sectional study was performed in a representative sample of 15020 rural multi-ethnic adults from 2009 to 2010. Four widely used criteria (ATPIII\IDF\JIS\CDS) were used to measure the prevalence of MetS. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to explore the risk factors of MetS. The age-adjusted prevalence of MetS was 14.43%, 21.33%, 26.50%, and 19.89% based on the ATP III, IDF, JIS and CDS criterion, respectively. The prevalence of MetS was higher in women and increased with age. According to JIS criterion, the prevalence of components in MetS was 57.75% for abdominal obesity, 44.05% for elevated blood pressure, 40.98% for reduced HDL-cholesterol, 23.33% for elevated triglycerides, 18.95% for raised fasting plasma glucose. Lower consumption of vegetables, milk, and higher consumption of red meat were associated with higher likelihood of having MetS. The prevalence of MetS in Xinjiang rural multi-ethnic adults was high. Diet factors were associated with the prevalence of MetS.
Peripersonal space representation develops independently from visual experience
Authors: Ricciardi Emiliano , Menicagli Dario , Leo Andrea , Costantini Marcello , Pietrini Pietro , Sinigaglia Corrado 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOur daily-life actions are typically driven by vision. When acting upon an object, we need to represent its visual features (e.g. shape, orientation, etc.) and to map them into our own peripersonal space. But what happens with people who have never had any visual experience? How can they map object features into their own peripersonal space? Do they do it differently from sighted agents? To tackle these questions, we carried out a series of behavioral experiments in sighted and congenitally blind subjects. We took advantage of a spatial alignment effect paradigm, which typically refers to a decrease of reaction times when subjects perform an action (e.g., a reach-to-grasp pantomime) congruent with that afforded by a presented object. To systematically examine peripersonal space mapping, we presented visual or auditory affording objects both within and outside subjects’ reach. The results showed that sighted and congenitally blind subjects did not differ in mapping objects into their own peripersonal space. Strikingly, this mapping occurred also when objects were presented outside subjects’ reach, but within the peripersonal space of another agent. This suggests that (the lack of) visual experience does not significantly affect the development of both one’s own and others’ peripersonal space representation.
An Implantable Micro-Caged Device for Direct Local Delivery of Agents
Authors: Son Alexander I. , Opfermann Justin D. , McCue Caroline , Ziobro Julie , Abrahams John H. , Jones Katherine , Morton Paul D. , Ishii Seiji , Oluigbo Chima , Krieger Axel , Liu Judy S. , Hashimoto-Torii Kazue , Torii Masaaki 
Published: December 2017

AbstractLocal and controlled delivery of therapeutic agents directly into focally afflicted tissues is the ideal for the treatment of diseases that require direct interventions. However, current options are obtrusive, difficult to implement, and limited in their scope of utilization; the optimal solution requires a method that may be optimized for available therapies and is designed for exact delivery. To address these needs, we propose the Biocage, a customizable implantable local drug delivery platform. The device is a needle-sized porous container capable of encasing therapeutic molecules and matrices of interest to be eluted into the region of interest over time. The Biocage was fabricated using the Nanoscribe Photonic Professional GT 3D laser lithography system, a two-photon polymerization (2PP) 3D printer capable of micron-level precision on a millimeter scale. We demonstrate the build consistency and features of the fabricated device; its ability to release molecules; and a method for its accurate, stable delivery in mouse brain tissue. The Biocage provides a powerful tool for customizable and precise delivery of therapeutic agents into target tissues.
Satellite Observations of Imprint of Oceanic Current on Wind Stress by Air-Sea Coupling
Authors: Renault Lionel , McWilliams James C. , Masson Sebastien 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMesoscale eddies are present everywhere in the ocean and partly determine the mean state of the circulation and ecosystem. The current feedback on the surface wind stress modulates the air-sea transfer of momentum by providing a sink of mesoscale eddy energy as an atmospheric source. Using nine years of satellite measurements of surface stress and geostrophic currents over the global ocean, we confirm that the current-induced surface stress curl is linearly related to the current vorticity. The resulting coupling coefficient between current and surface stress (sτ [N s m−3]) is heterogeneous and can be roughly expressed as a linear function of the mean surface wind. sτ expresses the sink of eddy energy induced by the current feedback. This has important implications for air-sea interaction and implies that oceanic mean and mesoscale circulations and their effects on surface-layer ventilation and carbon uptake are better represented in oceanic models that include this feedback.
Vitamin K epoxide reductase and its paralogous enzyme have different structures and functions
Authors: Sinhadri Balaji Chandra Sekhar , Jin Da-Yun , Stafford Darrel W. , Tie Jian-Ke 
Published: December 2017

AbstractVitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR) is an essential enzyme for vitamin K-dependent carboxylation, while the physiological function of its paralogous enzyme VKOR-like (VKORL) is yet unknown. Although these two enzymes share approximately 50% protein sequence homology, the membrane topology of VKOR is still in debate. Here, we explored the differences in the membrane topology and disulfide-linked oligomerization of these two enzymes. Results from mutating the critical amino acid residues in the disputed transmembrane (TM) regions revealed that the second TM domain in the proposed 4-TM model of VKOR does not function as an authentic TM helix; supporting VKOR is a 3-TM protein, which is different from VKORL. Additionally, altering the loop sequence between the two conserved cysteine residues of VKORL affects its activity, supporting the notion that the conserved loop cysteines of VKORL are involved in its active site regeneration. However, a similar mutation in VKOR does not affect its enzymatic activity. Finally, our results show that although both VKOR and VKORL form disulfide-linked oligomers, the cysteine residues involved in the oligomerization appear to be different. Overall, the structural and functional differences between VKOR and VKORL shown here indicate that VKORL might have a different physiological function other than recycling vitamin K.
Attribution of recent temperature behaviour reassessed by a neural-network method
Authors: Pasini Antonello , Racca Paolo , Amendola Stefano , Cartocci Giorgio , Cassardo Claudio 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAttribution studies on recent global warming by Global Climate Model (GCM) ensembles converge in showing the fundamental role of anthropogenic forcings as primary drivers of temperature in the last half century. However, despite their differences, all these models pertain to the same dynamical approach and come from a common ancestor, so that their very similar results in attribution studies are not surprising and cannot be considered as a clear proof of robustness of the results themselves. Thus, here we adopt a completely different, non-dynamical, data-driven and fully nonlinear approach to the attribution problem. By means of neural network (NN) modelling, and analysing the last 160 years, we perform attribution experiments and find that the strong increase in global temperature of the last half century may be attributed basically to anthropogenic forcings (with details on their specific contributions), while the Sun considerably influences the period 1910–1975. Furthermore, the role of sulphate aerosols and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation for better catching interannual to decadal temperature variability is clarified. Sensitivity analyses to forcing changes are also performed. The NN outcomes both corroborate our previous knowledge from GCMs and give new insight into the relative contributions of external forcings and internal variability to climate.
Aedes aegypti microRNA miR-2b regulates ubiquitin-related modifier to control chikungunya virus replication
Authors: Dubey Sunil Kumar , Shrinet Jatin , Jain Jaspreet , Ali Shakir , Sunil Sujatha 
Published: December 2017

AbstractArboviruses that replicate in mosquitoes activate innate immune response within mosquitoes. Regulatory non-coding microRNAs (miRNA) are known to be modulated in mosquitoes during chikungunya infection. However, information about targets of these miRNAs is scant. The present study was aimed to identify and analyze targets of miRNAs that are regulated during chikungunya virus (CHIKV) replication in Aedes aegypti cells and in the mosquito. Employing next-generation sequencing technologies, we identified a total of 126 miRNAs from the Ae. aegypti cell line Aag2. Of these, 13 miRNAs were found to be regulated during CHIKV infection. Putative targets of three of the most significantly regulated miRNAs- miR-100, miR-2b and miR-989 were also analyzed using quantitative PCRs, in cell lines and in mosquitoes, to validate whether they were the targets of the miRNAs. Our study expanded the list of miRNAs known in Ae. aegypti and predicted targets for the significantly regulated miRNAs. Further analysis of some of these targets revealed that ubiquitin-related modifier is a target of miRNA miR-2b and plays a significant role in chikungunya replication.
NIH support of mobile, imaging, pervasive sensing, social media and location tracking (MISST) research: laying the foundation to examine research ethics in the digital age
Authors: Dunseath Sarah , Weibel Nadir , Bloss Cinnamon S. , Nebeker Camille 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMobile Imaging, pervasive Sensing, Social media and location Tracking (MISST) tools used in research are raising new ethical challenges for scientists and the Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) charged with protecting human participants. Yet, little guidance exists to inform the ethical design and the IRB’s regulatory review of MISST research. MISST tools/methods produce personal health data that is voluminous and granular and, which may not be subject to policies like the Health Information Portability and Accessibility Act (HIPAA). The NIH Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools (RePORTER) database was used to identify the number, nature and scope of MISST-related studies supported by the NIH at three time points: 2005, 2010 and 2015. The goal was to: 1-examine the extent to which the NIH is supporting this research and, 2-identify how these tools are being used in research. The number of funded MISST research projects increased 384% from 2005 to 2015. Results revealed that while funding of MISST research is growing, it only represented about 1% of the total NIH budget in 2015. However, the number of institutes, agencies, and centers supporting MISST research increased by roughly 50%. Additionally, the scope of MISST research is diverse ranging from use of social media to track disease transmission to personalized interventions delivered through mobile health applications. Given that MISST research represents about 1% of the NIH budget and is on an increasing upward trajectory, support for research that can inform the ethical, legal and social issues associated with this research is critical.
Is the Role of External Feedback in Auditory Skill Learning Age Dependent?
Authors: Zaltz Yael , Roth Daphne Ari-Even , Kishon-Rabin Liat 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of external feedback in auditory perceptual learning of school-age children as compared with that of adults.

Method
Forty-eight children (7–9 years of age) and 64 adults (20–35 years of age) conducted a training session using an auditory frequency discrimination (difference limen for frequency) task, with external feedback (EF) provided for half of them.

Results
Data supported the following findings: (a) Children learned the difference limen for frequency task only when EF was provided. (b) The ability of the children to benefit from EF was associated with better cognitive skills. (c) Adults showed significant learning whether EF was provided or not. (d) In children, within-session learning following training was dependent on the provision of feedback, whereas between-sessions learning occurred irrespective of feedback.

Conclusions
EF was found beneficial for auditory skill learning of 7–9-year-old children but not for young adults. The data support the supervised Hebbian model for auditory skill learning, suggesting combined bottom-up internal neural feedback controlled by top-down monitoring. In the case of immature executive functions, EF enhanced auditory skill learning. This study has implications for the design of training protocols in the auditory modality for different age groups, as well as for special populations.
[3]Dendralenes: Synthesis, Reactivity Studies and Employment in Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of Complex Polycyclic Scaffolds
Authors: Ghosh Sunil , Naidu Gonna , Singh Rekha 
Published: December 2017

[3]Dendralenes are exquisite molecules as they exhibit enormous potential for the rapid generation of architecturally esoteric scaffolds when subjected to tandem Diels–Alder reactions, but their synthesis is a tall order. In conjunction with diversity-oriented synthesis, [3]dendralenes satisfy the potential demand for simultaneous and efficient synthesis of intricate collections of molecules that exhibit a range of activities for lead generation in drug discovery. This account chronicles our roller-coaster journey and systematic approach beginning from the synthesis of extremely unstable, non-isolable [3]dendralenes through moderately stable examples and then finally, highly functionalized, stable [3]dendralenes via sequential methylenation (using dimethylsulfonium methylide) and Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons olefination. It also describes the study of the attributes affecting their stability and reactivity with various dienophiles. In addition, it reports on how these dendralenes, upon astute maneuvering, can be engaged in a diene-transmissive Diels–Alder (DTDA) sequence, thus harnessing their full potential by construction of a small but diverse library of complex frameworks in a quick and efficient manner, with step and atom economy.1	Introduction2	Literature Methods for [3]Dendralene Synthesis3	Our Tryst with [3]Dendralenes3.1	Serendipitous Olefination with the Corey–Chaykovsky Ylide3.2	Synthesis of [3]Dendralenes and Reactivity/Stability Studies3.3	Diels–Alder Reactions of [3]Dendralenes3.4	Tuning of [3]Dendralenes for the DTDA Reactions3.5	Diversity-Oriented Synthesis with [3]Dendralenes3.6	Rationalization of Factors Governing the Stability and Reactivity of [3]Dendralenes4	Conclusions
Petroclival Meningiomas: Factors Determining the Choice of Approach
Authors: Isolan Gustavo , Wayhs Sâmia , Lepski Guilherme , Dini Leandro , Lavinsky Joel 
Published: December 2017

Objectives To review a surgical series of petroclival meningiomas and the factors considered in the choice of approach.
Design Retrospective review.
Setting The study was conducted in a university hospital in southern Brazil.
Participants Twenty-two patients with petroclival meningioma originating from the upper two-thirds of the clivus medial to the fifth cranial nerve.
Main Outcome Measures Gross-total resection, mortality, major morbidity, new cranial nerve deficits and tumor progression or recurrence.
Results Retrosigmoid approach was used in tumors <3 cm and in those at or below the internal auditory meatus. Posterior petrosectomy was performed for tumors extending into the middle fossa. Gross-total resection was performed in 11 patients (50%). The mean follow-up time was 32 months (6–75 months). There were four cases of tumor progression or recurrence, which were treated with radiosurgery.
Conclusions Resection of petroclival meningiomas remains challenging. In most cases, the retrosigmoid approach was sufficient, without affecting the degree of tumor resection. Petrosal approaches were reserved for patients with tumor extension into the middle fossa.
Chondrocyte Viability at Time of Transplantation for Osteochondral Allografts Preserved by the Missouri Osteochondral Preservation System versus Standard Tissue Bank Protocol
Authors: Stoker Aaron , Stannard James , Cook James 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe Missouri Osteochondral Preservation System (MOPS) has been reported to effectively preserve osteochondral allografts (OCAs) twice as long as current tissue bank protocols in preclinical studies. However, viability of OCAs preserved using the MOPS protocol at the time of clinical implantation compared with the current standard of care (SOC) is not known. Viable chondrocyte density (VCD) at time of transplantation will be significantly higher in OCAs preserved using the MOPS protocol compared with OCAs preserved using the current tissue bank protocol and will significantly affect clinical complication rates. Femoral condyle OCAs were obtained from American Association of Tissue Banks accredited tissue banks for clinical use. The OCAs were stored using the current SOC protocol for each respective tissue bank (n = 26) or the MOPS protocol (n = 50). Nonimplanted femoral condyle OCA tissue normally discarded after surgery was collected and assessed for VCD within 1 hour after surgery. Control OCA samples (n = 34) were obtained from one tissue bank. VCD was determined using a validated cell viability assay. Patients (n = 76) had in-clinic follow-up at least 6 months after OCA transplantation. At the time of clinical implantation, mean storage time for OCAs in the SOC cohort was 20.4 days, and in the MOPS cohort was 44.2 days, after procurement. VCD in OCAs in the MOPS cohort was not significantly different from normal healthy cartilage VCD and 100% were above the desired minimum essential level 70% of control VCD at the time of transplantation. VCD in OCAs in the SOC cohort was significantly (p < 0.001) lower than controls and MOPS, and only 27% were above 70% of control VCD at the time of transplantation. MOPS preserves OCA chondrocyte viability at significantly higher levels than current tissue bank storage protocols for a longer period of time after procurement. All MOPS-preserved OCAs exceeded minimum essential VCD levels for up to 56 days after procurement.
Isolated Subscapularis Tendon Tear in a Skeletally Immature Soccer Player
Authors: Avanzi Paolo , Dei Giudici Luca , Giovarruscio Roberto , Gigante Antonio , Zorzi Claudio 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSubscapularis injury in adolescents, usually associated to an avulsion fracture of the lesser humeral tuberosity, accounts for less than 2% of all fractures of the proximal humerus. Isolated tears of the subscapularis tendon without a history of dislocation and associated avulsion fractures are an even rarer occurrence, and treatment is controversial. This article describes a rare case of a 12-year-old suffering from an isolated subscapularis tear and discusses its management. The patient was evaluated at presentation, and at 1 to 2.5 months after he underwent a cuff tear arthroscopic repair with a single “all suture” anchor loaded with two wires, active/passive range of motion (A/PROM), Constant–Murley score, and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score were noted. Patient reported an excellent outcome, recovered the whole ROM, was pain free, and returned to the previous level of activity. Isolated avulsion of the subscapularis tendon requires a high index of suspicion for a proper diagnosis as early treatment is required for a good recovery. Arthroscopy reserves more advantages in proper hands, restoring the previous levels of function and activity. An increase in attention for this condition is mandatory in a society where many adolescents are getting more and more active in high levels of sport activities.