bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new rectangular window based image cropping method for generalization of brain neoplasm classification systems
Authors: Zia Razia , Akhtar Pervez , Aziz Arshad 
Published: December 2017

AbstractClassification of brain neoplasm images is one of the most challenging research areas in the field of medical image processing. The main objective of this study is to design a brain neoplasm classification system that can be trained using multiple various sized MR images of different institutions. The proposed method is a generalized classification system; it can be used in a single institute or in a number of institutions at the same time, without any restriction on image size. The generalization and unbiased capability of the proposed method can bring researchers on a single platform to work on some standard forms of computer aided diagnosis system with more efficient diagnostic capabilities. In this study, a suitable size of moveable rectangular window is used between segmentation and feature extraction stages. A semiautomatic, localized region based active contour method is used for segmentation of brain neoplasm region. Discrete wavelet transform for feature extraction, principal component analysis for feature selection and support vector machine is used as classifier. For the first time MR images of 2 sizes and from different institutions are used in training and testing of brain neoplasm classifier. Three glioma grades were classified using 92 MR images. The proposed method achieved the highest accuracy of 88.26%, the highest sensitivity of 92.23% and the maximum specificity of 93.93%. In addition, the proposed method is computationally less complex, requires shorter processing time and is more efficient in terms of storage capacity.
Development of hafnium metal and titanium‐hafnium alloys having apatite‐forming ability by chemical surface modification
Authors: Miyazaki Toshiki , Sueoka Masaya , Shirosaki Yuki , Shinozaki Nobuya , Shiraishi Takanobu 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHafnium (Hf) has attracted considerable attention as a component of biomedical titanium (Ti) alloys with low Young's moduli and/or shape‐memory functionalities, because its cytotoxicity is as low as that of Ti. The drawback of metals is that their bone‐bonding ability is generally low. It is known that apatite formation in the body is a prerequisite for bone‐bonding. Although several chemical treatments have been proposed for preparing Ti for bone‐bonding, there have been no similar investigations for Hf. In the present study, NaOH‐ and heat‐treatments were applied to pure Hf and Ti‐Hf alloys and their bone‐bonding ability was assessed in vitro with the use of simulated body fluid (SBF). After NaOH‐ and heat‐treatments, anatase formed on alloys with low Hf content (20–40% (atom%) Hf); mixtures of sodium titanate and hafnium titanate formed on alloys with similar Ti and Hf content (60% Hf); and hafnium oxide formed on alloys with high Hf content (80% Hf and pure Hf). Precipitates of apatite were observed on all the metals in SBF, except for the alloy with 60% Hf. We speculated that the hafnium titanate formed on this alloy had a low apatite‐forming ability owing to its high negative surface charge, which inhibited P adsorption. The apatite‐forming abilities of the Ti‐Hf alloys strongly depended on their Hf content. The present results indicate that Hf‐based materials have good potential for bone‐bonding. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2519–2523, 2018.
Butyrate and docosahexaenoic acid interact in alterations of specific lipid classes in differentiating colon cancer cells
Authors: Tylichová Zuzana , Slavík Josef , Ciganek Miroslav , Ovesná Petra , Krčmář Pavel , Straková Nicol , Machala Miroslav , Kozubík Alois , Hofmanová Jiřina , Vondráček Jan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDocosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and sodium butyrate (NaBt) exhibit a number of interactive effects on colon cancer cell growth, differentiation, or apoptosis; however, the molecular mechanisms responsible for these interactions and their impact on cellular lipidome are still not fully clear. Here, we show that both dietary agents together induce dynamic alterations of lipid metabolism, specific cellular lipid classes, and fatty acid composition. In HT‐29 cell line, a model of differentiating colon carcinoma cells, NaBt supported incorporation of free DHA into non‐polar lipids and their accumulation in cytoplasmic lipid droplets. DHA itself was not incorporated into sphingolipids; however, it significantly altered representation of individual ceramide (Cer) classes, in particular in combination with NaBt (DHA/NaBt). We observed altered expression of enzymes involved in Cer metabolism in cells treated with NaBt or DHA/NaBt, and exogenous Cer 16:0 was found to promote induction of apoptosis in differentiating HT‐29 cells. NaBt, together with DHA, increased n‐3 fatty acid synthesis and attenuated metabolism of monounsaturated fatty acids. Finally, DHA and/or NaBt altered expression of proteins involved in synthesis of fatty acids, including elongase 5, stearoyl CoA desaturase 1, or fatty acid synthase, with NaBt increasing expression of caveolin‐1 and CD36 transporter, which may further promote DHA incorporation and its impact on cellular lipidome. In conclusion, our results indicate that interactions of DHA and NaBt exert complex changes in cellular lipidome, which may contribute to the alterations of colon cancer cell differentiation/apoptotic responses. The present data extend our knowledge about the nature of interactive effects of dietary fatty acids.
Retracted: CUL4B promotes metastasis and proliferation in pancreatic cancer cells by inducing epithelial‐mesenchymal transition via the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway
Authors: He Yue‐Ming , Xiao Yu‐Sha , Wei Lei , Zhang Jia‐Qiang , Peng Cheng‐Hong 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis study determines whether cullin 4B (CUL4B) promotes pancreatic cancer (PC) metastasis by inducing epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) via the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway. A total of 64 PC patients were enrolled in this study. Human PC cell lines were distributed into blank, negative control, shCUL4B, PLOC, PLOC‐CUL4B, and PLOC‐CUL4B + siRNA‐β‐catenin groups. The expressions of CUL4B, Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway‐related proteins, and EMT‐related proteins were determined using RT‐qPCR and Western blotting. The positive expressions of CUL4B and β‐catenin protein in tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. MTT assay and flow cytometry was performed for cell proliferation and cell cycle, scratch test, and transwell assay for cell migration and invasion ability. CUL4B and β‐catenin were expressed at a higher level in PC tissues than in paracancerous tissues though paracancerous tissues had higher expressions of CUL4B and β‐catenin than normal tissues. The PLOC‐CUL4B group showed increased CUL4B, Wnt, β‐catenin, LEF‐1, c‐Jun, Cyclin D1, N‐cadherin, Vimentin, Snail, and ZEB1 expression; decreased E‐cadherin expression; accelerated cell proliferation; increased S‐phase cell percentages; increased cell migration ability; more liver metastases; and enlarged tumor than the PLOC and PLOC‐CUL4B + siRNA‐β‐catenin groups. The shCUL4B group showed decreased CUL4B, Wnt, β‐catenin, LEF‐1, c‐Jun, Cyclin D1, N‐cadherin, Vimentin, Snail, and ZEB1 expression; increased E‐cadherin expression; decelerated cell proliferation; decreased S‐phase cell percentages; reduced cell migration ability; less liver metastases; and decreased tumor weight than the blank and negative control groups. We demonstrate that CUL4B promotes PC metastasis by inducing EMT via the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway. Therefore, CUL4B might be the clinical target for treating PC.
The prevention of latanoprost on osteoclastgenesis in vitro and lipopolysaccharide‐induced murine calvaria osteolysis in vivo
Authors: Xu Xing , Yan Yufei , Liu Zhuochao , Qi Jin , Qian Niandong , Zhou Hanbing , Zhou Qi , Wang Tianqi , Huang Ping , Guo Lei , Jiang Min , Deng Lianfu 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIdentification of agents that inhibit osteoclast formation and function is important for the treatment of osteolytic diseases which feature excessive osteoclast formation and bone resorption. Latanoprost (LTP), an analog of prostaglandin F2α, is a medication which works to lower pressure inside the eyes. Prostaglandin F2α was reported to regulate bone metabolism, however, the effect of LTP in osteoclastogenesis is still unknown. Here, we found that LTP suppressed RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis in a dose‐dependent manner as illustrated by TRAP activity and TRAP staining. In addition, the osteoclast function was also reduced by LTP treatment, as indicated in less osteoclastic resorption pit areas. Furthermore, LTP inhibited the mRNA expressions of osteoclast marker genes such as TRAP and cathepsin K. In order to illustrate its molecular mechanism, we examined the changing of mRNA and protein levels of NFATc1 and c‐fos by LTP treatment, as well as the phosphorylation of ERK, AKT, JNK, and p38. The results suggested that LTP inhibited RANKL‐induced osteoclastgenesis and function by inhibiting ERK, AKT, JNK, and p38 cascade, following by the c‐fos/NFATc1 pathway. In agreement with in vitro results, using an in vivo lipopolysaccharide‐induced murine calvaria osteolysis mouse model, we found that administration of LTP was able to reverse the lipopolysaccharide‐induced bone loss. Together, these data demonstrated that LTP attenuated the bone loss in lipopolysaccharide‐induced murine calvaria osteolysis mice through inhibiting osteoclast formation and function. Our study thus provided the evidences that LTP was a potential treatment option against osteolytic bone diseases.
Sonographic appearance of an eccrine spiradenoma: A case report
Authors: Kwon Ki Eon , Kim Seon‐Jeong , Choi Hyun Jeong , Jung Yoon Yang , Park Noh Hyuck , Park Ji Yeon , Baek Soo Heui 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEccrine spiradenoma is a rare, benign, adnexal skin tumor of the sweat gland, which may manifest in any part of the body. It is typically located in the dermal or the subcutaneous fat layer. Eccrine spiradenomas rarely progress to malignant transformation and only a few cases of malignant transformation have been reported. Due to its rarity, there have been few reports about the sonographic appearances of eccrine spiradenoma. We report the sonographic findings in one case of eccrine spiradenoma, located in the subcutaneous fat and the deep dermal layers of the upper arm in a middle‐aged woman.
Dereplication‐guided isolation of a new indole alkaloid triglycoside from the hooks of Uncaria rhynchophylla by LC with ion trap time‐of‐flight MS
Authors: Zhang Jian‐Gang , Huang Xiao‐Yan , Ma Yun‐Bao , Zhang Xue‐Mei , Chen Ji‐Jun , Geng Chang‐An 
Published: December 2017

AbstractUncaria rhynchophylla (Gou‐Teng) as the monarch herb of many formulae (Fufang), e.g. “Tian‐Ma‐Gou‐Teng‐Yin,” “Ling‐Jiao‐Gou‐Teng‐Yin,” and “Yi‐Gan‐San”, is a famous traditional Chinese medicine documented in the Chinese pharmacopoeia for mental and cardiovascular diseases. In the traditional Chinese medicine system, only the hook‐bearing stems are used as the crude materials for Gou‐Teng, and the hooks are always considered more effective than the stems. Focusing on the mono‐herb and its active constituents from combinatorial formulae is the core idea of reductionism of traditional Chinese medicine theory. Detailed liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry analysis on the hooks of U. rhynchophylla was performed to profile the chemical constituents based on tandem mass spectrometry fragmentation and UV absorption. Under the guidance of liquid chromatography with ion trap/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, one new indole alkaloid triglycoside (1), together with five known compounds 2–6 as the main constituents, were isolated from the hooks of U. rhynchophylla by various column chromatography methods. Compound 1 showed moderate activity on MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors with agonistic rates of 79.6 and 46.3% at the concentration of 1 mM. This dereplication strategy can be equally applicable to rapidly disclose the active constituents of other Chinese herbs through targeted purification.
Calcium channel autoimmunity: Cerebellar ataxia and lambert‐eaton syndrome coexisting
Authors: Zalewski Nicholas , Lennon Vanda A. , Pittock Sean J. , Mckeon Andrew 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Neuronal calcium channel antibodies are a biomarker of Lambert‐Eaton syndrome (LES) and cerebellar ataxia. We have encountered several patients with LES and cerebellar ataxia coexisting, and we sought to further define this association. Methods: We reviewed records of patients at our institution with a diagnosis of “Lambert‐Eaton syndrome” and “cerebellar ataxia.” Results: Seventeen patients were identified with LES and ataxia. Presenting symptoms were weakness (8), concurrent weakness and ataxia (4), ataxia (4), and other (1). Nine patients had small‐cell lung carcinoma, 3 of whom had survival greater than 100 months. Immunotherapy responses were best among patients without cancer. Nine of 17 (53%) patients were alive at last follow‐up (median survival 62 months; range, 8–240). Discussion: Calcium channel autoimmunity should be considered in patients with coexisting cerebellar ataxia and myasthenic weakness. Affected patients may survive small‐cell carcinoma or have immunotherapy‐responsive neurological symptoms. Muscle Nerve 58: 29–35, 2018
Tag Effects on Prespawn Mortality of Chinook Salmon: A Field Experiment Using Passive Integrated Transponder Tags, Radio Transmitters, and Untagged Controls
Authors: Naughton George P. , Keefer Matthew L. , Clabough Tami S. , Knoff Matthew J. , Blubaugh Timothy J. , Caudill Christopher C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
We conducted a field experiment to test the hypothesis that intragastric radio-tagging contributed to increased prespawn mortality (PSM) of adult Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha after collection and transport to spawning sites above high-head hydroelectric dams. We assessed PSM rates of 970 wild and hatchery Chinook Salmon collected during trap-and-haul operations that were released untagged, tagged with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags only, or double tagged with PIT tags and radio transmitters, and then recovered as carcasses in two Willamette River, Oregon, tributaries from 2009 to 2015. Results revealed no evidence that PSM rates were higher in PIT-tagged samples than in untagged (but not unhandled) control samples. The PSM rates in double-tagged samples were variable among years and between locations and indicated that radio-tagging effects were absent or small in effect size, on average, within each population. While we did not detect a consistent negative double-tagging effect across locations and years, results suggest that the potential for radio-tagging effects should be incorporated in study planning and design. We recommend that researchers use experimental designs that include control groups for directly evaluating tagging and handling effects on study outcomes.
An initial health economic evaluation of pharmacogenomic testing in patients treated for childhood cancer with anthracyclines
Authors: Dionne Francois , Aminkeng Folefac , Bhavsar Amit P. , Groeneweg Gabriella , Smith Anne , Visscher Henk , Rassekh Shahrad Rod , Ross Colin , Carleton Bruce 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundAnthracyclines are a class of highly effective chemotherapeutic drugs commonly used to treat cancer patients. Anthracyclines, however, are associated with the development of serious adverse reactions, including anthracycline‐induced cardiotoxicity (ACT). It is not possible, within current practice, to accurately individualize treatment to minimize risk.ProcedureRecently, genetic variants have been associated with the risk of ACT in children. Building on these findings and the related genetic test, a predictive model was developed which classifies pediatric patients by their risk of developing ACT. We assessed the value of this ACT‐predictive risk classification in addressing ACT.ResultsWith current care, the estimated average lifetime cost of ACT is $8,667 per anthracycline‐treated patient and approximately 7% of patients are expected to die from ACT. The projected impact of the information from the new predictive model is a 17% reduction in the risk of mortality from ACT and savings of about 6%: lives saved and lower costs.ConclusionThe newly identified genetic variants associated with the risk of ACT provide information that allows a more reliable prediction of the risk of ACT for a given patient and can be obtained at a very moderate cost, which is expected to lead to meaningful progress in reducing harm and costs associated with ACT.
Pediatric oncology clinical trial participation where the geography is vast: Development of a clinical research system for tertiary and satellite centers in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Alexander Sarah , Greenberg Mark , Malkin David , Portwine Carol , Johnston Donna , Silva Mariana , Zelcer Shayna , Sonshine Samantha , Manzo Janet , Bennett Carla , Brodeur‐Robb Kathy , Deveault Catherine , Ramachandran Nivetha , Gibson Paul 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOpportunities for participation in clinical trials are a core component of the care of children with cancer. In Ontario, many pediatric patients live long distances from their cancer center. This paper describes the work that was done in order to allow patients participating in Children's Oncology Group trials to receive care, including research protocol related care, jointly between the tertiary pediatric cancer center and the closer‐to‐home satellite center. The system is a pragmatic risk‐based model, supporting excellence in care while ensuring good conduct of the research in compliance with applicable regulations and guidelines, including ethics oversight.
Cell Wall Proteome of Sugarcane Young and Mature Leaves and Stems
Authors: Fonseca Juliana G. , Calderan‐Rodrigues Maria J. , de Moraes Fabrício E. , Cataldi Thaís R. , Jamet Elisabeth , Labate Carlos A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBy characterizing the cell wall proteomes of different sugarcane organs (leaves and stems) at two developmental stages (young vs mature/apical vs basal), it is possible to address unique characteristics in each of them. Four‐month‐old leaves show a higher proportion of oxido‐reductases and proteins related to lipid metabolism (LM), besides a lower proportion of proteins acting on polysaccharides, in comparison to 4‐month‐old internodes. It is possible to note that sugarcane leaves and young stems have the highest LM rate than all species, which is assumed to be linked to cuticle formation. The data generated enrich the number of cell wall proteins (CWPs) identified in sugarcane, reaching 277. To our knowledge, sugarcane has now the second higher coverage of monocot CWP in plants.
Concise Review: Translating Regenerative Biology into Clinically Relevant Therapies: Are We on the Right Path?
Authors: Simkin Jennifer , Seifert Ashley W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Despite approaches in regenerative medicine using stem cells, bio-engineered scaffolds, and targeted drug delivery to enhance human tissue repair, clinicians remain unable to regenerate large-scale, multi-tissue defects in situ. The study of regenerative biology using mammalian models of complex tissue regeneration offers an opportunity to discover key factors that stimulate a regenerative rather than fibrotic response to injury. For example, although primates and rodents can regenerate their distal digit tips, they heal more proximal amputations with scar tissue. Rabbits and African spiny mice re-grow tissue to fill large musculoskeletal defects through their ear pinna, while other mammals fail to regenerate identical defects and instead heal ear holes through fibrotic repair. This Review explores the utility of these comparative healing models using the spiny mouse ear pinna and the mouse digit tip to consider how mechanistic insight into reparative regeneration might serve to advance regenerative medicine. Specifically, we consider how inflammation and immunity, extracellular matrix composition, and controlled cell proliferation intersect to establish a pro-regenerative microenvironment in response to injuries. Understanding how some mammals naturally regenerate complex tissue can provide a blueprint for how we might manipulate the injury microenvironment to enhance regenerative abilities in humans.
Polycystin-2 Plays an Essential Role in Glucose Starvation-Induced Autophagy in Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Lu Jun , Boheler Kenneth R. , Jiang Liwen , Chan Camie W. , Tse Wan Wai , Keung Wendy , Poon Ellen Ny , Li Ronald A. , Yao Xiaoqiang 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Autophagy is a process essential for cell survival under stress condition. The patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, which is caused by polycystin-1 or polycystin-2 (PKD2) mutation, display cardiovascular abnormalities and dysregulation in autophagy. However, it is unclear whether PKD2 plays a role in autophagy. In the present study, we explored the functional role of PKD2 in autophagy and apoptosis in human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. HES2 hESC line-derived cardiomyocytes (HES2-CMs) were transduced with adenoviral-based PKD2-shRNAs (Ad-PKD2-shRNAs), and then cultured with normal or glucose-free medium for 3 hours. Autophagy was upregulated in HES2-CMs under glucose starvation, as indicated by increased microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II level in immunoblots and increased autophagosome and autolysosome formation. Knockdown of PKD2 reduced the autophagic flux and increased apoptosis under glucose starvation. In Ca2+ measurement, Ad-PKD2-shRNAs reduced caffeine-induced cytosolic Ca2+ rise. Co-immunoprecipitation and in situ proximity ligation assay demonstrated an increased physical interaction of PKD2 with ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) under glucose starvation condition. Furthermore, Ad-PKD2-shRNAs substantially attenuated the starvation-induced activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inactivation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). The present study for the first time demonstrates that PKD2 functions to promote autophagy under glucose starvation, thereby protects cardiomyocytes from apoptotic cell death. The mechanism may involve PKD2 interaction with RyR2 to alter Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum, consequently modulating the activity of AMPK and mTOR, resulting in alteration of autophagy and apoptosis.
Minimum covariance determinant and extensions
Authors: Hubert Mia , Debruyne Michiel , Rousseeuw Peter J. 
Published: December 2017

The minimum covariance determinant (MCD) method is a highly robust estimator of multivariate location and scatter, for which a fast algorithm is available. Since estimating the covariance matrix is the cornerstone of many multivariate statistical methods, the MCD is an important building block when developing robust multivariate techniques. It also serves as a convenient and efficient tool for outlier detection. The MCD estimator is reviewed, along with its main properties such as affine equivariance, breakdown value, and influence function. We discuss its computation, and list applications and extensions of the MCD in applied and methodological multivariate statistics. Two recent extensions of the MCD are described. The first one is a fast deterministic algorithm which inherits the robustness of the MCD while being almost affine equivariant. The second is tailored to high‐dimensional data, possibly with more dimensions than cases, and incorporates regularization to prevent singular matrices.This article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Multivariate Analysis
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Robust Methods
Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Knowledge Discovery