bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
External radiation or ablation for solitary hepatocellular carcinoma: A survival analysis of the SEER database
Authors: Berger Nicholas G. , Tanious Michael N. , Hammad Abdulrahman Y. , Miura John T. , Mogal Harveshp , Clarke Callisia N. , Christians Kathleen K. , Tsai Susan , Gamblin T. Clark 
Published: May 2017

Background and ObjectivesHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients are often not candidates for resection. This study hypothesized that external beam radiation (XRT) could be equally effective compared to ablation therapy (AT) for selected HCC patients.MethodsThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used to identify HCC patients (2004‐2012) undergoing XRT or AT for solitary HCC lesions. Propensity score modeling was utilized to adjust for baseline characteristics.ResultsPropensity matching identified 784 patients: 157 (20%) XRT and 627 (80%) AT. Median OS for XRT and AT was 22, and 32 months (P < 0.001), respectively. AT demonstrated improved OS for tumors 3‐5 cm (30 vs 16 m, P < 0.001) and >5 cm (25 vs 9 m, P < 0.001). Similar survival was found in patients with tumor size <3 cm (37 vs 47 m P = 0.508). Following multivariate analyses, XRT was associated with an increased hazard ratio (HR = 1.64, P < 0.001). Elevated AFP at diagnosis (HR = 1.54, P = 0.001) and tumor size >3 were identified as negative predictors of survival.ConclusionsSimilar survival for solitary HCC lesions <3 cm exists between XRT and AT. However, AT demonstrates improved survival rates compared to XRT for lesions >3 cm. This 3 cm reference point may serve as a valuable metric to guide treatment decisions and future investigations.
Methodological biases in estimates of macroalgal macromolecular composition
Authors: Fiset Catherine , Liefer Justin , Irwin Andrew J. , Finkel Zoe V. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractInterest surrounding the use of macroalgae macromolecules for food products, biofuels, or other industrial applications is growing. As researchers search for macroalgae with especially high protein, lipid, carbohydrate or fibre content, the demand for a suite of standardized and unbiased methods for quantifying macroalgae macromolecules increases. Using data from available scientific literature, we evaluated the biases of the major methods used to determine macroalgal macromolecular content, as well as the sample drying methods employed. We found that drying at room temperature prior to analysis resulted in the highest estimates of protein and carbohydrate, and that freeze‐drying provided the highest estimates of lipid. Using nitrogen content and the standard conversion factor to calculate protein in macroalgae (N × 6.25 method) overestimates protein content compared to protein assays such as the Bradford () or Lowry () assays. The Bligh and Dyer () lipid extraction method was found to have a yield nearly two‐fold higher than other standard methods. For carbohydrates, the By Difference and Prosky et al. () methods provide estimates up to five‐fold higher than other common methods used to determine carbohydrate and fibre. Based on these results we recommend using protein assays as opposed to nitrogen content assays to determine protein content, the Bligh and Dyer lipid extraction method for lipids, and the By Difference and Prosky method for carbohydrate and fibre, respectively.
Multiple same day cryolipolysis treatments for the reduction of subcutaneous fat are safe and do not affect serum lipid levels or liver function tests
Authors: Klein Kenneth B. , Bachelor Eric P. , Becker Edward V. , Bowes Leyda E. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveCryolipolysis is a safe and effective non‐surgical procedure for reducing subcutaneous fat. It spares adjacent structures, is associated with few adverse events, and is well‐tolerated by patients. Previous studies involving one or two simultaneous treatment sites have shown no effect on serum lipid levels or liver tests. The purpose of this study was to determine whether multiple same day treatments (abdomen plus both flanks) result in changes in these blood tests, and is safe.Study DesignThirty‐five adult males and females underwent same‐day cryolipolysis (CoolSculpting System, ZELTIQ Aesthetics) of the lower abdomen and flanks for reduction of subcutaneous fat. Serum lipids and liver tests were measured prior to treatment and at 1, 4, and 12 weeks post‐treatment. Expected treatment side‐effects were assessed immediately post‐treatment and at the 12‐week follow‐up visit. Adverse events were also monitored.MethodsTreatment consisted of one cycle to the lower abdomen using a large vacuum applicator and simultaneous treatment of both flanks, one cycle each, with medium vacuum applicators .Time between the abdomen and flanks procedures was not to exceed 30 minutes.ResultsThe procedures were well‐tolerated by patients; expected treatment effects were in general mild or moderate, and resolved without intervention. There were no clinically meaningful changes from baseline to any subsequent time point in any serum lipid test. This was also true for all liver tests. There were no treatment‐related adverse events.ConclusionMultiple cycle, same day cryolipolysis treatment of the lower abdomen and both flanks is well‐tolerated and safe. It does not lead to changes in serum lipids or liver tests at any of the measured time points following the procedure. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:640–644, 2017. © 2017 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc.
An Injectable System for Local and Sustained Release of Antimicrobial Agents in the Periodontal Pocket
Authors: Morelli Laura , Cappelluti Martino Alfredo , Ricotti Leonardo , Lenardi Cristina , Gerges Irini 
Published: May 2017

Periodontitis treatments usually require local administration of antimicrobial drugs with the aim to reduce the bacterial load inside the periodontal pocket. Effective pharmaceutical treatments may require sustained local drug release for several days in the site of interest. Currently available solutions are still not able to fulfill the clinical need for high‐quality treatments, mainly in terms of release profiles and patients' comfort. This work aims to fill this gap through the development of an in situ gelling system, capable to achieve controlled and sustained release of antimicrobial agents for medium‐to‐long‐term treatments. The system is composed of micrometer‐sized β‐cyclodextrin‐based hydrogel (bCD‐Jef‐MPs), featured by a strong hydrophilic character, suspended in a synthetic block‐co‐polymer solution (Poloxamer 407), which is capable to undergo rapid thermally induced sol–gel phase transition at body temperature. The chemical structure of bCD‐Jef‐MPs was confirmed by cross‐correlating data from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, swelling test, and degradation kinetics. The thermally induced sol–gel phase transition is demonstrated by rheometric tests. The effectiveness of the described system to achieve sustained release of antimicrobial agents is demonstrated in vitro, using chlorhexidine digluconate as a drug model. The results achieved in this work disclose the potential of the mentioned system in effectively treating periodontitis lesions.
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A Segregation and Deprotection Approach for Hydrophilic Surfaces Using Amphiphilic Block Copolymers Possessing Polystyrene and Poly[(tri(ethylene glycol) methacrylate)] Segments
Authors: Seki Akiko , Ishizone Takashi , Oyane Ayako , Yokoyama Hideaki 
Published: May 2017

This paper fabricates spontaneously formed hydrophilic polymer brushes composed of poly[(tri(ethylene glycol) methacrylate)] (POH3MA) through spontaneous surface segregation of polystyrene‐block‐poly[(tri(ethylene glycol) tert‐butyldimethylsilyl ether methacrylate)] (PS‐b‐PSi3MA) in a polystyrene (PS) matrix followed by deprotection of PSi3MA to POH3MA at the PS/water interface. When protected, the tert‐butyl‐terminated hydrophilic PSi3MA blocks segregate at the air or vacuum surface at elevated temperatures. The surface‐segregated structures can be fixed by cooling to room temperature followed by deprotection of the PSi3MA groups to provide surfaces fully covered by unprotected POH3MA, with OH groups on glassy robust PS. Such hydrophilic POH3MA brushes prevent the adsorption of human serum albumin and are expected to be useful in antifouling surfaces.
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Fluorophobic Effect Driven Self‐Organization of Semifluorinated Alkyl Chain Substituted Conjugated Polymer
Authors: Heo Youn‐Jung , Kim Jihong , Jeong Hyung‐Gu , Jang Soo‐Young , Hwang Hansu , Kim Yeong‐A , Lim Dae‐Hee , Kim Dong‐Yu 
Published: May 2017

This paper reports on the effect of a semifluorinated alkyl side chain for achieving a self‐organized nanostructure to facilitate the efficient charge carrier transport. So far, semifluorinated alkyl side chains have rarely been introduced into semiconducting polymers, despite their interesting properties such as hydrophobicity, thermal stability, and solvent resistance, as well as self‐organization. Herein, this study synthesizes the semifluorinated alkyl chain introduced poly(3‐dodecylthiophene), SFA‐P3DT, and demonstrates that self‐organization of SFA‐P3DT is intensely induced in nonfluorous solvent by the so‐called fluorophobic effect, resulting in the formation of nanofibrillar structure. In presence of the semifluorinated alkyl side chain, organic thin film transistor (OTFT) devices exhibit the improved charge carrier mobility than that of poly(3‐dodecylthiophene) with hydrocarbon alkyl chain. Moreover, higher charge carrier mobility can be obtained from the nonfluorous solvent, in comparison to the fluorous solvent, confirming the crucial role of fluorophobic effect. These observations suggest that the introduction of semifluorinated alkyl chains into a conjugated polymer may enhance the performance of OTFTs through the development of a well‐ordered nanostructure via self‐organization by fluorophobic effect, which, in turn, facilitates the efficient charge carrier transport.
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The ∞‐Besov capacity problem
Authors: Milman M. , Xiao J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA theory of ∞‐Besov capacities is developed and several applications are provided. In particular, we solve an open problem in the theory of limits of the ∞‐Besov semi‐norms, we obtain new restriction‐extension inequalities, and we characterize the pointwise multipliers acting on the ∞‐Besov spaces.
Hospitalizations of Children with Huntington's Disease in the United States
Authors: Mendizabal Adys , Ngo Vu Anh‐Thu , Thibault Dylan , Gonzalez‐Alegre Pedro , Willis Allison 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundJuvenile Huntington's disease (JHD) is a childhood‐onset neurodegenerative disorder. Although it is caused by the same pathologic expansion of CGA repeats as adult‐onset Huntington's disease, JHD has distinct clinical features. Most clinical research in HD focuses in the adult‐onset disease; therefore, little is known about acute care outcomes for patients with JHD.MethodsThe Kids' Inpatient Database (KID) was used to examine hospitalizations of children with JHD and to determine the diagnoses and procedures associated with inpatient care for JHD. Regression models were built to examine acute care outcomes, including death, length of stay, and disposition at discharge in patients with JHD compared with patients in the general KID data.ResultsThe proportion of JHD cases among hospitalized children was 1.23 per 100,000 KID inpatient stays. Seizures/convulsions (58.5%) and psychiatric conditions (26.1%) were the most common primary or secondary diagnoses among JHD patient hospitalizations. The most common procedure was percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement (8.6%). Compared with hospitalizations of the general population, hospitalizations of patients with JHD had a lower odds of discharge to home (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.14–0.37) and an increased likelihood of death (AOR, 8.03; 95% CI, 2.98–21.60) or discharge to a short‐term care facility (AOR, 4.44; 95% CI, 2.59–7.61). A diagnosis of JHD was associated with increased length of stay (7.04 vs. 3.75 days; P < 0.01).ConclusionsChildren with JHD have unique acute care patterns. Future studies are needed to determine the extent to which coordinated care may impact inpatient and disposition needs.
Wohin mit den Forschungsdaten?
Authors: Kraft Angelina , Engel Thomas , van den Broek Karina 
Published: May 2017

AbstractForschungsergebnisse und die zugehörigen Rohdaten so zu archivieren, dass Wissenschaftler sie finden und weiternutzen können, erfordert eine Infrastruktur. Damit auch kleinere Forschungseinrichtungen eine solche aufbauen können, haben mehrere Forschungsinstitute zusammengearbeitet und ein entsprechendes System entwickelt.
Wandel – welcher Wandel?
Authors: Fleßner Timo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIm Jahr 1867 gründete sich die Deutsche Chemische Gesellschaft, die ältere der beiden Vorgängerorganisationen der GDCh. Die Welt ist seitdem eine andere geworden, doch manche Probleme, die uns heute als typisch neuzeitlich erscheinen, sind in Wahrheit gar nicht so neu, wie wir denken.
Structured behavioral treatment research protocol for women with mixed urinary incontinence and overactive bladder symptoms
Authors: Newman Diane K. , Borello‐France Diane , Sung Vivian W. 
Published: May 2017

AimsThe primary aim is to provide detailed rationale and methodology for the development and implementation of a perioperative behavioral/pelvic floor exercise research protocol for women who self‐chose surgical intervention and who may or may not have been offered behavioral treatments initially. This protocol is part of the ESTEEM trial (Effects of Surgical Treatment Enhanced with Exercise for Mixed Urinary Incontinence Trial) which was designed to determine the effect of a combined surgical and perioperative behavioral/pelvic floor exercise intervention versus surgery alone on improving mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) and overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms.MethodsAs part of a multi‐site, prospective, randomized trial of women with MUI electing midurethral sling (MUS) surgical treatment, participants were randomized to a standardized perioperative behavioral/pelvic floor exercise intervention + MUS versus MUS alone. The specific behavioral intervention included: education on voiding habits, pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT), bladder training (BT), strategies to control urgency and reduce/prevent urinary symptoms, and monitoring/promoting adherence to behavioral recommendations. To ensure consistency across all eight research sites in the pelvic floor disorders network (PFDN), selective behavioral treatments sessions were audiotaped and audited for protocol adherence.ResultsThe behavioral intervention protocol includes individualization of interventions using an algorithm based on pelvic floor muscle (PFM) assessment, participant symptoms, and findings from the study visits. We present, here, the specific perioperative behavioral/pelvic floor exercise interventions administered by study interventionists.ConclusionsThis paper details a perioperative behavioral/pelvic floor exercise intervention research study protocol developed for women undergoing surgery for MUI.
Retropubic versus transobturator tension‐free vaginal tape (TVT vs TVT‐O): Five‐year results of the Austrian randomized trial
Authors: Tammaa Ayman , Aigmüller Thomas , Hanzal Engelbert , Umek Wolfgang , Kropshofer Stephan , Lang Peter F. J. , Ralph George , Riss Paul , Koelle Dieter , Jundt Katharina , Tamussino Karl , Bjelic‐Radisic Vesna ,   for the Austrian Urogynecology Working Group
Published: May 2017

AimsTo compare outcomes of the retropubic versus the transobturator tension‐free vaginal tape (TVT vs TVT‐O) at 5 years.MethodsA total of 569 women undergoing surgery for primary stress incontinence were randomized to receive a retropubic or a transobturator tensionfree vaginal tape (TVT or TVT‐O). Follow‐up at 5 years included clinical examination, urodynamic studies and quality of life. The primary outcome measure was continence defined as a negative cough stress test at a volume of 300 mL. Secondary outcomes included urodynamic parameters, complications and quality of life.ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT 0041454).ResultsThree hundred and thirty‐one patients (59%) were evaluated at 5 years (277 were seen, examined and completed questionnaires; 54 only completed questionnaires). No significant differences were seen in rates of a negative cough stress test (83% vs 76%, respectively), urodynamic parameters and complications. Quality‐of‐life improved significantly in both groups, without significant differences between the groups. Erosion rates were 5.2% and 4.5%, and reoperation rates were 4.1% and 3.2% respectively.ConclusionsAt 5 years, subjective and objective results after TVT and TVT‐O are stable and similar, without statistical significant differences between the procedures. Major long‐term problems appear rare.
Does deep brain stimulation improve lower urinary tract symptoms in Parkinson's disease?
Authors: Witte Lambertus P. , Odekerken Vincent J. J. , Boel Judith A. , Schuurman P. Richard , Gerbrandy‐Schreuders Lara C. , de Bie Rob M. A. ,   on behalf of the NSTAPS study group
Published: May 2017

AimsTo investigate whether deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus pars interna (GPi) or the subthalamic nucleus (STN) improve lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD).MethodsAn exploratory post‐hoc analysis was performed of specific LUTS items of questionnaires used in a randomized clinical trial with 128 patients (NSTAPS study). First, we compared scores on LUTS items at baseline and 12 months for the GPi DBS and STN DBS group separately. Second, we divided the group by sex, instead of DBS location; to assess a possible gender associated influence of anatomical and pathophysiological differences, again comparing scores at baseline and 12 months. Third, we reported on Foley‐catheter use at baseline and after 12 months.ResultsUrinary incontinence and frequency improved after both GPi DBS and STN DBS at 12 months, postoperatively, but this was only statistically significant for the STN DBS group (P = 0.004). The improvements after DBS were present in both men (P = 0.01) and women (P = 0.05). Nocturia and urinary incontinence did not improve significantly after any type of DBS, irrespective of sex. At 12 months, none of the patients had a Foley‐catheter.ConclusionsUrinary incontinence and frequency significantly improved after STN DBS treatment in male and female patients with PD. Nocturia and nighttime incontinence due to parkinsonism did not improve after DBS, irrespective of gender.
A GPU‐accelerated nodal discontinuous Galerkin method with high‐order absorbing boundary conditions and corner/edge compatibility
Authors: Modave A. , Atle A. , Chan J. , Warburton T. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryDiscontinuous Galerkin finite element schemes exhibit attractive features for accurate large‐scale wave‐propagation simulations on modern parallel architectures. For many applications, these schemes must be coupled with nonreflective boundary treatments to limit the size of the computational domain without losing accuracy or computational efficiency, which remains a challenging task. In this paper, we present a combination of a nodal discontinuous Galerkin method with high‐order absorbing boundary conditions for cuboidal computational domains. Compatibility conditions are derived for high‐order absorbing boundary conditions intersecting at the edges and the corners of a cuboidal domain. We propose a GPU implementation of the computational procedure, which results in a multidimensional solver with equations to be solved on 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D spatial regions. Numerical results demonstrate both the accuracy and the computational efficiency of our approach.
Solubility characteristics of poly(3‐hexylthiophene)
Authors: Roesing Miranda , Howell Jason , Boucher David 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTSolubility data for poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) in 29 pure solvents are presented and discussed in detail. Functional solubility parameter (FSP) and convex solubility parameter (CSP) computations are performed and the CSP and FSP results are compared to previously reported Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs) and to the parameters calculated using additive functional group contribution methods. The empirical data reveals experimental solubility parameters with substantial polar (δP) and hydrogen‐bonding (δH) components, which are not intrinsic to the structure of the P3HT polymer. Despite these apparent irregularities, it is shown that the predictor method based on the solubility function, f, does provide a reliable way to quantitatively evaluate the solubility of P3HT in other solvents in terms of a given set of empirical solubility data. The solubility behavior is further investigated using linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) modeling and COSMO‐RS computations of the activity coefficients of P3HT. The LSER model reveals that (1) the cavity term, δT, is the dominant factor governing the solubility behavior of P3HT and (2) the solvent characteristics that dictate the structural order (crystallinity) of P3HT aggregates do not similarly influence the overall solubility behavior of the polymer. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 1075–1087
A Novel Method to Prepare Nano‐sized CL‐20/NQ Co‐crystal: Vacuum Freeze Drying
Authors: Gao Han , Du Ping , Ke Xiang , Liu Jie , Hao Gazi , Chen Teng , Jiang Wei 
Published: May 2017

AbstractNano‐sized energetic co‐crystal consisting of the most powerful used military explosive 2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexanitro‐2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL‐20) and a typical insensitive explosive used in propellants nitroguanidine (NQ) was prepared by vacuum freeze drying method. Material studio 6.1 was used to simulate the hydrogen bonds between CL‐20 and NQ molecules. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to reveal the morphology and size of the product. Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and X‐ray diffraction spectrum (XRD) proved the formation of the co‐crystal at the molecular level. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was employed to characterize the thermal behavior of the co‐crystal. The result of mechanical sensitivity test indicated the sensitivity was effectively reduced compared to neat CL‐20.
Argumentation Tasks in Secondary English Language Arts, History, and Science: Variations in Instructional Focus and Inquiry Space
Authors: Litman Cindy , Greenleaf Cynthia 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study drew on observations of 40 secondary English language arts, history, and science lessons to describe variation in opportunities for students to engage in argumentation and possible implications for student engagement and learning. The authors focused their analysis on two broad dimensions of argumentation tasks: (1)Instructional focuscategorized tasks as learning to argue, arguing to learn, or interactive argumentation focused on evaluating different possible meanings and interpretations of text. (2)Inquiry spacedescribed the degree to which the question, possible claims, and knowledge and skills needed to accomplish an argumentation task were predetermined. Findings point to task characteristics as a potentially powerful influence on instruction and resultant student engagement. Although most of the argumentation tasks focused on arguing to learn, the authors found that both arguing‐to‐learn and learning‐to‐argue tasks were frequently based on predetermined questions, answers, and content. In contrast, interactive argumentation was generally shaped by student questions and interpretations. Using contrasting illustrations from observed lessons, the authors theorize about the role of inquiry space in argumentation teaching and learning. Given that students’ interactive argumentation often revealed important argumentative reasoning, the authors argue for recognizing these activities as argumentation and exploring their potential in the development of argumentation literacy skills.