bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co-construire l’autopoïèse organisationnelle : le Laboratoire Développemental comme modèle et comme moyen de l’intervention capacitante
Authors: Carta Gianna , Falzon Pierre 
Published: October 2017

Ce papier présente une intervention ergonomique portant sur la reconception participative des processus organisationnels dans le milieu ferroviaire. L’intervention est déclenchée suite à l’internalisation partielle de l’activité de maintenance de la signalisation du métro. La conduite davantage techno-centrée de ce changement a impacté la fiabilité et la performance organisationnelle. L’intervention misait le développement de l’organisation dans une visée durable. L’ingénierie des dispositifs d’intervention a été conçue comme un « Laboratoire Développemental ». Ce dernier vise à outiller les acteurs organisationnels dans la construction et la mise en marche de mécanismes autopoïétiques, autrement dit, qui permettent à l’organisation de se renouveler de manière autonome selon les besoins émergents de l’activité. Ainsi, la dimension constructive de l’activité est prise comme levier pour le développement de l’organisation. L’analyse réflexive a posteriori de cette expérience vise à mettre en évidence les conditions, les stratégies et la multiplicité des rôles que l’ergonome peut jouer en tant que manager de la transformation organisationnelle.
Des apports d’une formation-action à l’analyse ergonomique du travail dans l’intervention ergonomique. Réflexions d’un praticien
Authors: Girardot Pascal , Forrierre Justine 
Published: October 2017

Cet article vise à présenter le retour réflexif d’un praticien quant à la mise en œuvre d’une formation-action à l’analyse ergonomique du travail au sein d’une intervention ergonomique. Nous présentons tout d’abord différents éléments concernant les liens entre formation-action et ergonomie pour arriver à la construction d’une première réflexion sur l’intégration de la formation-action au sein d’une intervention ergonomique. Puis, nous présentons une étude de cas au sein de laquelle une formation-action à l’analyse ergonomique du travail a été mise en œuvre au cours d’une intervention ergonomique portant sur la prévention des troubles musculo-squelettiques au sein d’un service d’aide à domicile. Cette formation-action a été mise en place en réponse à différentes contraintes, dont celles de la temporalité et d’un accès au terrain limités, avec pour objectifs le recueil de données et la participation des acteurs à la démarche de construction des pistes d’action. L’analyse a posteriori de ce cas montre que la formation-action a permis d’autres apports : celle-ci a constitué un outil pour le développement des acteurs, a contribué à favoriser leur participation et a mené à une meilleure appropriation de la démarche. Elle a ainsi participé à rendre l’intervention plus capacitante.
L’acceptation de la voiture électrique : un agent transformateur des pratiques socio-domestiques
Authors: Poupon Lénaïc , Philipps-Bertin Chrystèle , Bobillier Chaumon Marc-Éric , Kalampalikis Nikos 
Published: October 2017

L’étude de l’acceptation de la voiture électrique (VE) nous montre comment cet artefact technique vient transformer les activités socio-domestiques dans un contexte d’usage réel. Des données issues d’entretiens d’explicitation et d’incidents critiques, réalisés auprès de possesseurs/conducteurs de VE (n =9) montrent que les spécificités de la VE vont amener les conducteurs à repenser leurs pratiques de déplacement et de régulation de leur système d’activité. Ainsi pour faire face à son autonomie limitée, ils développent un certain nombre de stratégies telles que des activités de planification et des comportements d’éco-conduite. De même, les conducteurs affirment qu’ils vont accroitre leur vigilance au volant en réponse à la perception de la dangerosité de l’absence de bruit. Ces ajustements vont participer à la genèse instrumentale de la VE et donc à son appropriation. Les différents systèmes d’activité auxquels appartient le conducteur vont également être affectés. Les règles régissant les déplacements du foyer vont ainsi évoluer, tout comme celles régissant les rapports avec autrui (entourage, usagers de la route, professionnels de l’automobile).
Poupées japonaises. Présenter le Japon aux enfants français au début des années 1960
Authors: Lozerand Emmanuel 
Published: October 2017

En janvier 1961 furent publiés deux livres destinés à présenter le Japon aux enfants francophones : J’irai à Nagasaki, un roman de Paul-Jacques Bonzon, l’auteur de la série « Les Six compagnons », dans la « Bibliothèque verte » des éditions Hachette ; et Noriko la petite Japonaise, un album avec un texte et des photographies de Dominique Darbois, dans la collection « Les Enfants du Monde » de Fernand Nathan.Ces deux ouvrages apparaissent au croisement de deux phénomènes caractéristiques de l’après-guerre : le renouvellement de la perception occidentale du Japon, les nouveaux développements de la littérature pour la jeunesse. Tous deux sont centrés sur la figure d’une fillette. Alors que dans Noriko la petite Japonaise, celle-ci est assimilée à une poupée, J’irai à Nagasaki confronte un Japon imaginaire à un Japon réel et remet partiellement en cause cette thématique de la poupée japonaise. Les deux ouvrages progressent sur une ligne de crête étroite puisqu’ils tentent de présenter la civilisation japonaise dans sa particularité tout en l’intégrant à une humanité commune. Ils incitent également à réfléchir aux rôles respectifs de la fiction et du documentaire, du roman et de l’album de photographies, dans la représentation du réel.
Le populisme aux Etats-Unis : la question du peuple
Authors: Jamin Jérôme 
Published: October 2017

Dans cet article, nous étudions la signification du populisme aux Etats-Unis dans une perspective historique. Nous montrons que si le populisme n’est pas une idéologie, il propose cependant une vision très spécifique du monde et de la politique. Dans la rhétorique populiste, l’histoire et les enjeux politiques sont réduits à une opposition agressive entre un peuple majoritaire, homogène et travailleur et une élite minoritaire, hétérogène et paresseuse. Cela étant dit, nous montrons que si le populisme n’est pas une idéologie, il se greffe sur des idéologies, de droite et de gauche, et parfois aux extrêmes. Nous illustrons notre propos avec des exemples aux Etats-Unis tels que People’s Party, Huey Long et Jesse Jackson à gauche, Arnold Schwarzenegger et Donald Trump à droite, et Pat Buchanan à l’extrême droite. Nous réalisons également une analyse des discours de Ross Perot et du Tea Party pour illustrer la spécificité du populisme fiscal. En conclusion, nous montrons que le populisme est profondément ancré dans la vie politique américaine depuis la naissance des Etats-Unis et le débat entre les Pères fondateurs sur la forme que le futur Etat fédéral allait prendre. Cela nous permettra de considérer que le populisme n’est pas systématiquement une menace pour la démocratie aux Etats-Unis, et qu’il ne se résume certainement pas à une de ses formes les plus connues : le populisme d’extrême droite.
Modeling of X‐ray Images and Energy Spectra Produced by Stepping Lightning Leaders
Authors: Xu Wei , Marshall Robert A. , Celestin Sebastien , Pasko Victor P. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRecent ground‐based measurements at the International Center for Lightning Research and Testing (ICLRT) have greatly improved our knowledge of the energetics, fluence, and evolution of X‐ray emissions during natural cloud‐to‐ground (CG) and rocket‐triggered lightning flashes. In this paper, using Monte Carlo simulations and the response matrix of unshielded detectors in the Thunderstorm Energetic Radiation Array (TERA), we calculate the energy spectra of X‐rays as would be detected by TERA and directly compare with the observational data during event MSE 10‐01. The good agreement obtained between TERA measurements and theoretical calculations supports the mechanism of X‐ray production by thermal runaway electrons during the negative corona flash stage of stepping lightning leaders. Modeling results also suggest that measurements of X‐ray bursts can be used to estimate the approximate range of potential drop of lightning leaders. Moreover, the X‐ray images produced during the leader stepping process in natural negative CG discharges, including both the evolution and morphological features, are theoretically quantified. We show that the compact emission pattern as recently observed in X‐ray images is likely produced by X‐rays originating from the source region, and the diffuse emission pattern can be explained by the Compton scattering effects.
First Observations of Short‐Period Eastward Propagating Planetary Waves From the Stratosphere to the Lower Thermosphere (110 km) in Winter Antarctica
Authors: Lu Xian , Chu Xinzhao , Chen Cao , Nguyen Vu , Smith Anne K. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractUnique Fe lidar observations in May 2014 at McMurdo, combined with Aura‐Microwave Limb Sounder measurements, lead to a new discovery that the amplitudes of 4 day and 2.5 day planetary waves (PWs) grow rapidly from 1–2 K at 100 km to over 10 K at 110 km. This report is also the first observation of short‐period (1–5 days) eastward propagating PWs from 30 km all the way to 110 km. The Specified Dynamics‐Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model reproduces the observed three dominant peaks of amplitudes in temperature and coherent vertical phase structures. The data‐model comparison indicates a possible mechanism: After PWs originated from the stratosphere dissipate along the critical level, the surviving waves are amplified by in situ instability in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere, resulting in the second (third) peak in geopotential (temperature). This third peak in temperature explains the PW amplitude growth from 100 to 110 km.
Dynamics of Sill and Laccolith Emplacement in the Brittle Crust: Role of Host Rock Strength and Deformation Mode
Authors: Schmiedel T. , Galland O. , Breitkreuz C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIgneous intrusions in sedimentary basins exhibit a great diversity of shapes from thin sheets (e.g., dikes, sills and cone sheets) to massive intrusions (e.g., laccoliths and plugs). Presently, none of the established models of magma emplacement have the capability to simulate this diversity because they account for either purely elastic or purely plastic or purely viscous host rocks, whereas natural rocks are complex visco‐elasto‐plastic materials. In this study, we investigate the effects of elasto‐plastic properties of host rock on magma emplacement using laboratory experiments made of dry granular materials of variable cohesion. Our results show how the deformation mechanism of the host rock controls the emplacement of magma: thin sheet sills form in high‐cohesion materials, which dominantly deform by elastic bending, whereas massive intrusions such as punched laccoliths form in low‐cohesion materials, which dominantly deform by shear failure. Our models also suggest that combined elastic/shear failure deformation modes likely control the emplacement of cone sheets. Our experiments are the first to spontaneously produce diverse, geologically relevant intrusion shapes. Our models show that accounting for the elasto‐plastic behavior of the host rock is essential to filling the gap between the established elastic and plastic models of magma emplacement, and so to reveal the dynamics of magma emplacement in the Earth's brittle crust.
Effects of Magnetic Anisotropy on Total Magnetic Field Anomalies
Authors: Biedermann Andrea R. , McEnroe Suzanne A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractModeling of magnetic anomaly data is a powerful technique to gain information on the shape of subsurface rock bodies. Most models are based on the assumption that the magnetization in the source body is parallel to the direction of the Earth's magnetic field. It has long been recognized that remanent magnetization affects the magnetization direction, intensity and shape of the anomaly, and therefore the interpreted structure. The effects of anisotropy, however, have only received little attention so far. This study uses synthetic models and a case study to investigate how anisotropy affects magnetization and anomalies over a thick dipping sheet and determines expected errors in interpreted magnetic properties and geometry of the source body for various anisotropy degrees and field inclinations. Anisotropy affects both the shape and amplitude of anomalies. For an oblate uniaxial fabric with the minimum susceptibility normal to the sheet and P = 1.5, errors in interpreted dip are up to 12°, depending on the field inclination, dip, and profile orientation, and errors in estimated mean susceptibility are up to −30%/+20%, if anisotropy is not taken into account during modeling. These effects are larger for higher degrees of anisotropy. A case study over the megacyclic unit IVe′ layer in the Bjerkreim Sokndal layered intrusion, Norway, investigates the contributions of (an)isotropic induced and remanent magnetizations to the total field anomalies. There, the influence of anisotropy is mainly related to remanence deflection. The results shown here will help to further improve interpretation of magnetic potential field data.
Temporal Characteristics of CH4 Vertical Profiles Observed in the West Siberian Lowland Over Surgut From 1993 to 2015 and Novosibirsk From 1997 to 2015
Authors: Sasakawa M. , Machida T. , Ishijima K. , Arshinov M. , Patra P. K. , Ito A. , Aoki S. , Petrov V. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe have carried out monthly flask sampling using aircraft, in the altitude range of 0–7 km, over the boreal wetlands in Surgut (61°N, 73°E; since 1993) and a pine forest near Novosibirsk (55°N, 83°E; since 1997), both located in the West Siberian Lowland (WSL). The temporal variation of methane (CH4) concentrations at all altitudes at both sites exhibited an increasing trend with stagnation during 2000–2006 as observed globally from ground‐based networks. In addition to a winter maximum as seen at other remote sites in northern middle to high latitudes, another seasonal maximum was also observed in summer, particularly in the lower altitudes over the WSL, which could be attributed to emissions from the wetlands. Our measurements suggest that the vertical gradient at Surgut has been decreasing; the mean CH4 difference between 5.5 km and 1.0 km changed from 64 ± 5 ppb during 1995–1999 to 37 ± 3 ppb during 2009–2013 (mean ± standard error). No clear decline in the CH4 vertical gradient appeared at Novosibirsk. Simulations using an atmospheric chemistry‐transport model captured the observed decrease in the vertical CH4 gradient at Surgut when CH4 emissions from Europe decreased but increased from the regions south of Siberia, for example, East and South Asia. At Novosibirsk, the influence of the European emissions was relatively small. Our results also suggest that the regional emissions around the WSL did not change significantly over the period of our observations.
Chemical Characteristics of Organic Aerosols in Shanghai: A Study by Ultrahigh‐Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled With Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Wang Xinke , Hayeck Nathalie , Brüggemann Martin , Yao Lei , Chen Hangfei , Zhang Ci , Emmelin Corinne , Chen Jianmin , George Christian , Wang Lin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractParticulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) filter samples were collected in July and October 2014 and January and April 2015 in urban Shanghai and analyzed using ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to Orbitrap mass spectrometry. The measured chromatogram‐mass spectra were processed by a nontarget screening approach to identify significant signals. In total, 810–1,510 chemical formulas of organic compounds in the negative polarity (negative electrospray ionization (ESI−)) and 860–1,790 in the positive polarity (ESI+), respectively, were determined. The chemical characteristics of organic aerosols (OAs) in Shanghai varied among different months and between daytime and nighttime. In the January samples, organics were generally richer in terms of both number and abundance, whereas those in the July samples were far lower. More CHO− (compounds containing only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and detected in ESI−) and CHOS− (sulfur‐containing organics) were found in the daytime samples, suggesting a photochemical source, whereas CHONS− (nitrogen‐ and sulfur‐containing organics) were more abundant in the nighttime samples, due to nocturnal nitrate radical chemistry. A significant number of monocyclic and polycyclic aromatic compounds, and nitrogen‐ and sulfur‐containing heterocyclic compounds, were detected in all samples, indicating that biomass burning and fossil fuel combustion made important contributions to the OAs in urban Shanghai. Additionally, precursor‐product pair analysis indicates that the epoxide pathway is an important formation route for organosulfates observed in Shanghai. Moreover, a similar analysis suggests that 35–57% of nitrogen‐containing compounds detected in ESI+ could be formed through reactions between ammonia and carbonyls. Our study presents a comprehensive overview of OAs in urban Shanghai, which helps to understand their characteristics and sources.
A Framework for Estimating the 30 m Thermal‐Infrared Broadband Emissivity From Landsat Surface Reflectance Data
Authors: Cheng Jie , Liu Hao , Liang Shunlin , Nie Aixiu , Liu Qiang , Guo Yamin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe land surface thermal‐infrared broadband emissivity (BBE) is a vital variable for estimating land surface radiation budgets (SRBs). We develop a framework for retrieving the 30 m BBE from Landsat surface reflectance data to estimate SRBs at finer scales and validate coarse resolution data. In the developed framework, the land surface is classified as bare soils and vegetated surfaces to allow different algorithms to be used for the BBE estimation. We propose a downscaling algorithm that uses the empirical relationship between the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflectance Radiometer (ASTER) BBE and Landsat surface reflectance at 90 m to retrieve the 30 m BBE over bare soils. A look‐up table (LUT)‐based algorithm is proposed for vegetated surfaces. The BBE is interpolated from a LUT that is constructed from the 4SAIL radiative transfer model with inputs of the leaf BBE, the soil background BBE, and the leaf area index (LAI). Ground measurements that were collected at 11 relatively homogeneous sandy sites during three independent field campaigns are used to validate the proposed algorithm over bare soils. The average difference between the retrieved and field‐measured BBEs is 0.012. We produce the land surface BBE of China in 2008 by using the developed framework and composited winter and summer seasonal BBE maps. The composited seasonal BBE maps are compared to the seasonal BBE maps derived from the ASTER emissivity product. The bias is within ±0.005 over bare soils and ranges from 0.012 to 0.019 over vegetated surfaces. Combined with the validated results in this study and published references, the comparison results demonstrate the good performance of the developed framework. This study provides a new perspective on estimating BBEs from sensors with only a thermal‐infrared channel.
No Coincident Nitrate Enhancement Events in Polar Ice Cores Following the Largest Known Solar Storms
Authors: Mekhaldi F. , McConnell J. R. , Adolphi F. , Arienzo M. M. , Chellman N. J. , Maselli O. J. , Moy A. D. , Plummer C. T. , Sigl M. , Muscheler R. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractKnowledge on the occurrence rate of extreme solar storms is strongly limited by the relatively recent advent of satellite monitoring of the Sun. To extend our perspective of solar storms prior to the satellite era and because atmospheric ionization induced by solar energetic particles (SEPs) can lead to the production of odd nitrogen, nitrate spikes in ice cores have been tentatively used to document both the occurrence and intensity of past SEP events. However, the reliability of the use of nitrate in ice records as a proxy for SEP events is strongly debated. This is partly due to equivocal detection of nitrate spikes in single ice cores and possible alternative sources, such as biomass burning plumes. Here we present new continuous high‐resolution measurements of nitrate and of the biomass burning species ammonium and black carbon, from several Antarctic and Greenland ice cores. We investigate periods covering the two largest known SEP events of 775 and 994 Common Era as well as the Carrington event and the hard SEP event of February 1956. We report no coincident nitrate spikes associated with any of these benchmark events. We also demonstrate the low reproducibility of the nitrate signal in multiple ice cores and confirm the significant relationship between biomass burning plumes and nitrate spikes in individual ice cores. In the light of these new data, there is no line of evidence that supports the hypothesis that ice cores preserve or document detectable amounts of nitrate produced by SEPs, even for the most extreme events known to date.
Comparing the effects of age, pubertal development, and symptom profile on cortisol rhythm in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Muscatello Rachael A. , Corbett Blythe A. 
Published: October 2017

Previous studies in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have shown elevated evening cortisol; however, few studies have examined diurnal rhythm in adolescents with ASD. Adolescence is a time of significant physical and psychological change, and dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis may put adolescents with ASD at increased risk for internalizing disorders, such as anxiety and depression. The extent to which cortisol levels are associated with age, puberty and symptom profile was examined in 113 youth (ages 7–17) with ASD and typical development. Salivary samples were collected over 3 days in the home, 4 times per day (waking, 30‐min post‐waking, afternoon, evening). Results showed youth with ASD had higher evening cortisol and a blunted diurnal slope relative to TD youth. Pubertal development and age were significant predictors of evening cortisol, and adolescents with ASD had higher evening cortisol levels compared to children with ASD. The study extends previous reports of elevated evening cortisol in children with ASD to reveal high levels in adolescence as well. Adolescents with ASD also show a significantly blunted diurnal slope, which may be associated with risk of internalizing symptoms. Findings suggest elevated evening cortisol persists across development in youth with ASD, thus emphasizing a need to identify potential negative effects of excess cortisol exposure on health in ASD individuals. Autism Res 2018, 11: 110–120. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryElevations in stress hormone, cortisol, during the evening may indicate increased stress from changes throughout the day in youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The current study shows that age and pubertal development are also related to increases in evening cortisol, and this maladaptive elevation in cortisol in ASD is not going away with age. These cortisol elevations may also be associated with other psychological symptoms and warrant further investigation in adolescents with ASD.