bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hétérogénéité et pensée frontalière dans la littérature amérindienne
Authors: Beauclair Nicolas 
Published: July 2017

Cet article montre comment certaines théories provenant de l’Amérique latine peuvent être utilisées pour analyser la littérature amérindienne au Québec. L’auteur présente d’abord le concept d’hétérogénéité tel que développé par le critique littéraire péruvien Antonio Cornejo Polar, qui prétend que la réalité socioculturelle des sociétés américaines peut se concevoir comme un « tout » dans lequel s’opèrent divers niveaux de tensions et de conflits dérivant de l’expérience coloniale, et sa convergence avec certaines des propositions des études coloniales et « décoloniales » latino-américaines. Par la suite, ces théories sont appliquées au champ littéraire amérindien du Québec et montrent comment l’hétérogénéité manifeste une pensée frontalière décolonisatrice dans la littérature actuelle à travers divers dispositifs comme lagnosis frontalière, lapensée autreet lalangue autre. Le propos de l’auteur est illustré par une analyse de l’autobiographie d’An Antane KapeshJe suis une maudite sauvagesseet du recueil de poésieBâtons à messagede Joséphine Bacon.
Pengembangan Model Persediaan Continuous Review dengan All-Unit Discount dan Faktor Kadaluwarsa
Authors: Rikardo Cherish , Lesmono Dharma , Limansyah Taufik 
Published: July 2017

Paper ini membahas suatu model matematika untuk suatu sistem persediaan dengan mempertimbangkan adanya all-unit discount dan faktor kadaluwarsa. Permintaan barang bersifat deterministik yang merupakan fungsi dari waktu dan bergantung pada jumlah persediaan yang ada (inventory dependent demand), laju kadaluwarsa barang juga bergantung pada waktu dan tidak ada lead time. Model yang dibahas merupakan pengembangan dari Nagare dan Dutta [9] dengan menambah faktor all-unit discount dan laju kadaluwarsa yang bergantung pada waktu. Dari model yang dikembangkan akan ditentukan kuantitas pemesanan (economic order quantity) dan waktu antar pemesanan yang optimum yang meminimumkan total biaya persediaan tahunan. Algoritma penentuan solusi optimum dari model yang dikembangkan dan contoh numerik sebagai ilustrasi dari permasalahan persediaan ini diberikan. Analisis sensitivitas model dengan melihat pengaruh laju kadaluwarsa dan laju permintaan terhadap kuantitas dan waktu antar pemesanan yang optimal juga diberikan. Dari hasil analisis sensitivitas diperoleh bahwa semakin besar laju kadaluwarsa, maka waktu antar pemesanan menjadi semakin singkat dan kuantitas pemesanan menjadi semakin sedikit. Hal yang sama terjadi jika laju permintaan barang semakin besar. Kata kunci: Persediaan, kadaluwarsa, all-unit discount.
Variability, trends, and drivers of regional fluctuations in Australian fire activity
Authors: Earl Nick , Simmonds Ian 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThroughout the world fire regimes are determined by climate, vegetation, and anthropogenic factors, and they have great spatial and temporal variability. The availability of high‐quality satellite data has revolutionized fire monitoring, allowing for a more consistent and comprehensive evaluation of temporal and spatial patterns. Here we utilize a satellite based “active fire” (AF) product to statistically analyze 2001–2015 variability and trends in Australian fire activity and link this to precipitation and large‐scale atmospheric structures (namely, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)) known to have potential for predicting fire activity in different regions. It is found that Australian fire activity is decreasing (during summer (December–February)) or stable, with high temporal and spatial variability. Eastern New South Wales (NSW) has the strongest decreasing trend (to the 1% confidence level), especially during the winter (JJA) season. Other significantly decreasing areas are Victoria/NSW, Tasmania, and South‐east Queensland. These decreasing fire regions are relatively highly populated, so we suggest that the declining trends are due to improved fire management, reducing the size and duration of bush fires. Almost half of all Australian AFs occur during spring (September–November). We show that there is considerable potential throughout Australia for a skillful forecast for future season fire activity based on current and previous precipitation activity, ENSO phase, and to a lesser degree, the IOD phase. This is highly variable, depending on location, e.g., the IOD phase is for more indicative of fire activity in southwest Western Australia than for Queensland.
Dryland climate change: Recent progress and challenges
Authors: Huang J. , Li Y. , Fu C. , Chen F. , Fu Q. , Dai A. , Shinoda M. , Ma Z. , Guo W. , Li Z. , Zhang L. , Liu Y. , Yu H. , He Y. , Xie Y. , Guan X. , Ji M. , Lin L. , Wang S. , Yan H. , Wang G. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDrylands are home to more than 38% of the world's population and are one of the most sensitive areas to climate change and human activities. This review describes recent progress in dryland climate change research. Recent findings indicate that the long‐term trend of the aridity index (AI) is mainly attributable to increased greenhouse gas emissions, while anthropogenic aerosols exert small effects but alter its attributions. Atmosphere‐land interactions determine the intensity of regional response. The largest warming during the last 100 years was observed over drylands and accounted for more than half of the continental warming. The global pattern and interdecadal variability of aridity changes are modulated by oceanic oscillations. The different phases of those oceanic oscillations induce significant changes in land‐sea and north‐south thermal contrasts, which affect the intensity of the westerlies and planetary waves and the blocking frequency, thereby altering global changes in temperature and precipitation. During 1948–2008, the drylands in the Americas became wetter due to enhanced westerlies, whereas the drylands in the Eastern Hemisphere became drier because of the weakened East Asian summer monsoon. Drylands as defined by the AI have expanded over the last 60 years and are projected to expand in the 21st century. The largest expansion of drylands has occurred in semiarid regions since the early 1960s. Dryland expansion will lead to reduced carbon sequestration and enhanced regional warming. The increasing aridity, enhanced warming, and rapidly growing population will exacerbate the risk of land degradation and desertification in the near future in developing countries.
A microscopic model of rate and state friction evolution
Authors: Li Tianyi , Rubin Allan M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWhether rate‐ and state‐dependent friction evolution is primarily slip dependent or time dependent is not well resolved. Although slide‐hold‐slide experiments are traditionally interpreted as supporting the aging law, implying time‐dependent evolution, recent studies show that this evidence is equivocal. In contrast, the slip law yields extremely good fits to velocity step experiments, although a clear physical picture for slip‐dependent friction evolution is lacking. We propose a new microscopic model for rate and state friction evolution in which each asperity has a heterogeneous strength, with individual portions recording the velocity at which they became part of the contact. Assuming an exponential distribution of asperity sizes on the surface, the model produces results essentially similar to the slip law, yielding very good fits to velocity step experiments but not improving much the fits to slide‐hold‐slide experiments. A numerical kernel for the model is developed, and an analytical expression is obtained for perfect velocity steps, which differs from the slip law expression by a slow‐decaying factor. By changing the quantity that determines the intrinsic strength, we use the same model structure to investigate aging‐law‐like time‐dependent evolution. Assuming strength to increase logarithmically with contact age, for two different definitions of age we obtain results for velocity step increases significantly different from the aging law. Interestingly, a solution very close to the aging law is obtained if we apply a third definition of age that we consider to be nonphysical. This suggests that under the current aging law, the state variable is not synonymous with contact age.
Decarbonation in an intracratonic setting: Insight from petrological‐thermomechanical modeling
Authors: Gonzalez Christopher M. , Gorczyk Weronika 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCratons form the stable core roots of the continental crust. Despite long‐term stability, cratons have failed in the past. Cratonic destruction (e.g., North Atlantic Craton) due to chemical rejuvenation at the base of the lithosphere remains poorly constrained numerically. We use 2‐D petrological‐thermomechanical models to assess cratonic rifting characteristics and mantle CO2 degassing in the presence of a carbonated subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM). We test two tectonothermal SCLM compositions: Archon (depleted) and Tecton (fertilized) using 2 CO2 wt % in the bulk composition to represent a metasomatized SCLM. We parameterize cratonic breakup via extensional duration (7–12 Ma; full breakup), tectonothermal age, TMoho (300–600°C), and crustal rheology. The two compositions with metasomatized SCLMs share similar rifting features and decarbonation trends during initial extension. However, we show long‐term (>67 Ma) stability differences due to lithospheric density contrasts between SCLM compositions. The Tecton model shows convective removal and thinning of the metasomatized SCLM during failed rifting. The Archon composition remained stable, highlighting the primary role for SCLM density even when metasomatized at its base. In the short‐term, three failed rifting characteristics emerge: failed rifting without decarbonation, failed rifting with decarbonation, and semifailed rifting with dry asthenospheric melting and decarbonation. Decarbonation trends were greatest in the failed rifts, reaching peak fluxes of 94 × 104 kg m−3. Increased TMoho did not alter the effects of rifting or decarbonation. Lastly, we show mantle regions where decarbonation, mantle melting in the presence of carbonate, and preservation of carbonated mantle occur during rifting.
Estimation of optimal dispersion model source parameters using satellite detections of volcanic ash
Authors: Zidikheri Meelis J. , Lucas Christopher , Potts Rodney J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this paper we demonstrate how parameters describing the geometry of the volcanic ash source for a particular volcanic ash dispersion model (Hybrid Single‐Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT)) may be inferred by the use of satellite data and multiple trial simulations. The areas of space likely to be contaminated by ash are identified with the aid of various remote sensing techniques, and polygons are drawn around these areas as they would be in an operational setting. Dispersion model simulations are initialized by either a cylindrical source or a specified ash distribution depending on the context. Parameters of interest such as the base and top height, diameter, and optimal release time of the cylindrical source or the height of the specified ash distribution are inferred by forming a parameter grid and running multiple simulations for each parameter grid point value. Optimal values of the parameter values are identified by calculating spatial correlations between the model simulations and observations. We demonstrate that the methodology can be used to correctly infer various model parameters and improve volcanic ash forecasts in various eruption case studies.
Toward quantitative forecasts of volcanic ash dispersal: Using satellite retrievals for optimal estimation of source terms
Authors: Zidikheri Meelis J. , Lucas Christopher , Potts Rodney J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAirborne volcanic ash is a hazard to aviation. There is an increasing demand for quantitative forecasts of ash properties such as ash mass load to allow airline operators to better manage the risks of flying through airspace likely to be contaminated by ash. In this paper we show how satellite‐derived mass load information at times prior to the issuance of the latest forecast can be used to estimate various model parameters that are not easily obtained by other means such as the distribution of mass of the ash column at the volcano. This in turn leads to better forecasts of ash mass load. We demonstrate the efficacy of this approach using several case studies.
Effectiveness of different kinds of antioxidants in resin‐cured bromobutyl rubber vulcanizates
Authors: Lu Na , Shen Mei , Hou Zhanfeng , K Prakashan , Xin Zhenxiang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAntioxidants are customarily used in elastomer compounds to enhance the service life of vulcanizates enduring high temperatures, but proper selection and dosage of the antioxidant is critical to obtain maximum beneficial effect. In this study, the effectiveness of several commercially available antioxidants on the performance of a resin‐cured bromobutyl rubber (BIIR) vulcanizate was investigated. The antioxidants investigated belonged to different chemical classes such as p‐phenylene diamine (antioxidant 4010NA), secondary amine (antioxidant 445), quinoline (antioxidant RD), and phenolic (antioxidants BHT, 1010, and 2246). The physicomechanical properties of the BIIR vulcanizates containing the various antioxidants were tested at room temperature, at higher temperatures, after subjecting to heat aging, and after storage. The results show that the physicomechanical properties of the BIIR vulcanizate severely deteriorate when antioxidant 4010NA is used. Among the other antioxidants used, the phenolic‐type antioxidant BHT is found to be better for the resin‐cured BIIR vulcanizate of this study.
Anti‐Markovnikov Hydrofunctionalization of Alkenes: Use of a Benzyl Group as a Traceless Redox‐Active Hydrogen Donor
Authors: Lonca Geoffroy Hervé , Ong Derek Yiren , Tran Thi Mai Huong , Tejo Ciputra , Chiba Shunsuke , Gagosz Fabien 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA protocol for the anti‐Markovnikov hydrofunctionalization of alkenes has been developed by the use of a benzyl group as a traceless redox‐active hydrogen donor. Under copper catalysis and in the presence of CF3‐ or N3‐containing hypervalent iodine reagents, a series of homoallylic alcohol derivatives were hydrofunctionalized regioselectivity. A similar principle was also applied to the hydrofunctionalization of alkenols.
Efficient Access to All‐Carbon Quaternary and Tertiary α‐Functionalized Homoallyl‐type Aldehydes from Ketones
Authors: Pace Vittorio , Castoldi Laura , Mazzeo Eugenia , Rui Marta , Langer Thierry , Holzer Wolfgang 
Published: July 2017

Abstractβ,γ‐Unsaturated aldehydes with all‐carbon quaternary or tertiary α‐centers were rapidly assembled from ketones through a unique synthetic operation consisting of 1) C1 homologation, 2) Lewis acid mediated epoxide–aldehyde isomerization, and 3) electrophilic trapping. The synthetic equivalence of a vinyl oxirane and a β,γ‐unsaturated aldehyde is the key concept of this previously undisclosed tactic. Mechanistic studies and labeling experiments suggest that an aldehyde enolate is a crucial intermediate. The homologating carbenoid formation plays a critical role in determining the chemoselectivity.
Branched Aramid Nanofibers
Authors: Zhu Jian , Yang Ming , Emre Ahmet , Bahng Joong Hwan , Xu Lizhi , Yeom Jihyeon , Yeom Bongjun , Kim Yoonseob , Johnson Kyle , Green Peter , Kotov Nicholas A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractInterconnectivity of components in three‐dimensional networks (3DNs) is essential for stress transfer in hydrogels, aerogels, and composites. Entanglement of nanoscale components in the network relies on weak short‐range intermolecular interactions. The intrinsic stiffness and rod‐like geometry of nanoscale components limit the cohesive energy of the physical crosslinks in 3DN materials. Nature realizes networked gels differently using components with extensive branching. Branched aramid nanofibers (BANFs) mimicking polymeric components of biological gels were synthesized to produce 3DNs with high efficiency stress transfer. Individual BANFs are flexible, with the number of branches controlled by base strength in the hydrolysis process. The extensive connectivity of the BANFs allows them to form hydro‐ and aerogel monoliths with an order of magnitude less solid content than rod‐like nanocomponents. Branching of nanofibers also leads to improved mechanics of gels and nanocomposites.
RadH: A Versatile Halogenase for Integration into Synthetic Pathways
Authors: Menon Binuraj R. K. , Brandenburger Eileen , Sharif Humera H. , Klemstein Ulrike , Shepherd Sarah A. , Greaney Michael F. , Micklefield Jason 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFlavin‐dependent halogenases are useful enzymes for providing halogenated molecules with improved biological activity, or intermediates for synthetic derivatization. We demonstrate how the fungal halogenase RadH can be used to regioselectively halogenate a range of bioactive aromatic scaffolds. Site‐directed mutagenesis of RadH was used to identify catalytic residues and provide insight into the mechanism of fungal halogenases. A high‐throughput fluorescence screen was also developed, which enabled a RadH mutant to be evolved with improved properties. Finally we demonstrate how biosynthetic genes from fungi, bacteria, and plants can be combined to encode a new pathway to generate a novel chlorinated coumarin “non‐natural” product in E. coli.
Role of palmitoylation of cysteine 415 in functional coupling CB1 receptor to Gαi2 protein
Authors: Oddi Sergio , Totaro Antonio , Scipioni Lucia , Dufrusine Beatrice , Stepniewski Tomasz Maciej , Selent Jana , Maccarrone Mauro , Dainese Enrico 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the role of CB1 palmitoylation in modulating the functional interaction with G proteins both in the absence and presence of agonist binding. Our data show that the nonpalmitoylated CB1 receptor significantly reduced its association with Gαi2. The agonist stimulation induced a partial dissociation of Gαi2 proteins from the wild‐type receptor, while on the C415A mutant the agonist binding was not able to induce a significant dissociation of Gαi2 from the receptor. The lack of palmitoyl chain seems to hamper the ability of the receptor to functionally interact with the Gαi2 and indicate that the palmitoyl chain is responsible for the functional transmission of the agonist‐induced conformational change in the receptor of the G protein. These data were further corroborated by molecular dynamics simulations. Overall these results suggest that palmitoylation of the CB1 receptor finely tunes its interaction with G proteins and serves as a targeting signal for its functional regulation. Of note, the possibility to reversibly modulate the palmitoylation of CB1 receptor may offer a coordinated process of regulation and could open new therapeutic approaches.
Role of Q177A and K173A/Q177A substitutions in thermostability and activity of the ELBn12 lipase
Authors: Farrokh Parisa , Yakhchali Bagher , Karkhane Ali Asghar 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThermostable lipases have many applications in detergent industries and in organic synthesis. There are many ways to improve thermal stability of enzymes, for example, higher hydrophobicity, greater structural packing, higher content of the charged residues, and lower thermolabile ones. In this study, thermolabile Gln (sensitive to higher temperatures) was substituted with Ala in native ELBn12 and mutated K173A lipases to examine its effect on thermal stability and activity of the lipases. Single (Q177A) and double mutants (K173A/Q177A) were expressed in Escherichia coli pLysS. The Q177A variant increased both activity and thermostability of the lipase, whereas K173A/Q177A had a negative effect on the lipase activity and only had better thermal stability than the native at 50 °C. pH stability of the double mutant between 9.0 and 11 was also lower than the other variants. Stability analysis in the presence of chemicals showed that Q177A mutant had better activity with 50% (v/v) organic solvents. On the other hand, K173A lipase showed increased activity with 1% (w/v) nonionic surfactant, and finally K173A/Q177A had better stability with 10 mM metal ions compared to the native lipase.
Discrimination of Polygoni Multiflori radix and Cynanchi Auriculati radix using ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography fingerprints and chemical pattern recognition
Authors: Sun Lili , Wang Meng , Liu Yali , Zhang Huijie , Liu Yanan , Ren Xiaoliang , Deng Yanru 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this work, a strategy was proposed to discriminate Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR) and its adulterant (Cynanchi Auriculati Radix, CAR). Ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) fingerprints were established to analyze samples containing PMR, CAR and mixtures simultaneously. Multivariate classification methods were applied to analyze the obtained UHPLC fingerprints, including principal component analysis (PCA), partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA), soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA), support vector machine discriminant analysis (SVMDA) and counter‐propagation artificial neural network (CP‐ANN). A plot of PCA score showed that PMR and CAR samples belonged to separate clusters (PMR class and CAR class), and samples of mixtures were located near PMR or CAR classes. Analysis by PLS‐DA, SVMDA and CP‐ANN performed well for recognition and prediction in terms of PMR and CAR samples. Moreover, the PLS‐DA method performed best in the detection of adulterated samples, even if the adulterant was about 25%.
A Chemoproteomics Approach to Investigate Phosphopantetheine Transferase Activity at the Cellular Level
Authors: Konno Sho , Ishikawa Fumihiro , Suzuki Takehiro , Dohmae Naoshi , Kakeya Hideaki , Tanabe Genzoh 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPhosphopantetheinylation is an essential post‐translational protein modification to primary and secondary metabolic pathways that ensures bacterial cell viability and virulence, and it is used in the production of many pharmaceuticals. Traditional methods have not provided a comprehensive understanding of these modifications. By using chemical proteomic probes for adenylation and thiolation domains in nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), chemoproteomics has been applied to survey and validate the cellular activity of 4‐[3‐chloro‐5‐(trifluoromethyl)pyridin‐2‐yl]‐N‐(4‐methoxypyridin‐2‐yl)piperazine‐1‐carbothioamide (ML267), which is a potent and selective small‐molecule 4′‐phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PPTase) inhibitor that attenuates secondary metabolism and viability of bacterial cells. ML267 inhibited Sfp‐type PPTase and antagonized phosphopantetheinylation in cells, which resulted in a decrease in phosphopantetheinylated NRPSs and the attenuation of Sfp‐PPTase‐dependent metabolite production. These results indicate that this chemoproteomics platform should enable a precise interpretation of the cellular activities of Sfp‐type PPTase inhibitors.