bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparedness for hospital discharge and prediction of readmission
Authors: Mixon Amanda S. , Goggins Kathryn , Bell Susan P. , Vasilevskis Eduard E. , Nwosu Samuel , Schildcrout Jonathan S. , Kripalani Sunil 
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUND, OBJECTIVEPatients' self‐reported preparedness for discharge has been shown to predict readmission. It is unclear what differences exist in the predictive abilities of 2 available discharge preparedness measures. To address this gap, we conducted a comparison of these measures.DESIGN, SETTING, PATIENTSAdults hospitalized for cardiovascular diagnoses were enrolled in a prospective cohort.MEASUREMENTSTwo patient‐reported preparedness measures assessed during postdischarge calls: the 11‐item Brief Prescriptions, Ready to re‐enter community, Education, Placement, Assurance of safety, Realistic expectations, Empowerment, Directed to appropriate services (B‐PREPARED) and the 3‐item Care Transitions Measure (CTM‐3). Cox proportional hazard models analyzed the relationship between preparedness and time to first readmission or death at 30 and 90 days, adjusted for readmission risk using the administrative database‐derived Length of stay, Acuity, Comorbidity, and Emergency department use (LACE) index and other covariates.RESULTSMedian preparedness scores were: B‐PREPARED 21 (interquartile range [IQR] 18–22) and CTM‐3 77.8 (IQR 66.7–100). In individual Cox models, a 4‐point increase in B‐PREPARED score was associated with a 16% decrease in time to readmission or death at 30 and 90 days. A 10‐point increase in CTM‐3 score was not associated with readmission or death at 30 days, but was associated with a 6% decrease in readmission or death at 90 days. In models with both preparedness scores, B‐PREPARED retained an association with readmission or death at both 30 and 90 days. However, neither preparedness score was as strong a predictor as the LACE index when all were included in the model predicting 30‐ and 90‐day readmission or death.CONCLUSIONThe B‐PREPARED score was more strongly associated with readmission or death than the more widely adopted CTM‐3, but neither predicted readmission as well as the LACE index. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:603–609. © 2016 Society of Hospital Medicine
Can the identification of an idle line facilitate its removal? A comparison between a proposed guideline and clinical practice
Authors: Kara Areeba , Johnson Cynthia S. , Murray Michelle , Dillon Jill , Hui Siu L. 
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUNDThere are 250,000 cases of central line–associated blood stream infections in the United States annually, some of which may be prevented by the removal of lines that are no longer needed.OBJECTIVETo test the performance of criteria to identify an idle line as a guideline to facilitate its removal.METHODSPatients with central lines on the wards were identified. Criteria for justified use were defined. If none were met, the line was considered “idle.” We proposed the guideline that a line may be removed the day following the first idle day and compared actual practice with our proposed guideline.RESULTSOne hundred twenty‐six lines in 126 patients were observed. Eighty‐three (65.9%) were peripherally inserted central catheters. Twenty‐seven percent (n= 34) were placed for antibiotics. Seventy‐six patients had lines removed prior to discharge. In these patients, the line was in place for 522 days, of which 32.7% were idle. The most common reasons to justify the line included parenteral antibiotics and meeting systemic inflammatory response (SIRS) criteria. In 11 (14.5%) patients, the line was removed prior to the proposed guideline. Most (n = 36, 47.4%) line removals were observed to be in accordance with our guideline. In another 29 (38.2%), line removal was delayed compared to our guideline.CONCLUSIONSIdle days are common. Central line days may be reduced by the consistent daily reevaluation of a line's justification using defined criteria. The practice of routine central line placement for prolonged antibiotics and the inclusion of SIRS criteria to justify the line may need to be reevaluated. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:489–493. © 2016 Society of Hospital Medicine
Lipid profile of human synovial fluid following intra‐articular ankle fracture
Authors: Leimer Elizabeth M. , Pappan Kirk L. , Nettles Dana L. , Bell Richard D. , Easley Mark E. , Olson Steven A. , Setton Lori A. , Adams Samuel B. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThis study characterizes the metabolic profile of synovial fluid after intra‐articular ankle fracture with an emphasis on changes in the lipid profile. Bilateral ankle synovial fluid from 19 patients with unilateral intra‐articular ankle fracture was submitted for metabolic profiling. Contralateral ankle synovial fluid from each patient served as a matched control. Seven patients participated in a second bilateral synovial fluid collection after 6 months. Random forest classification, matched pairs t‐tests (α < 0.01), repeated measures ANOVA with post‐test contrasts (α < 0.01), correlation to cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases, and fracture and injury classification analyses yielded key lipid biomarkers in synovial fluid following intra‐articular fracture. Free fatty acids, sphingomyelins, and lysolipids demonstrated significant elevation in fractured ankles at baseline. Fatty acids and sphingomyelins showed a significant decrease 6 months post‐surgery. Random forest analysis showed predominantly fatty acids differentiating between groups. Significant correlations included fatty acids, sphingomyelins, and lysolipids with inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases. Fracture classification showed increased fatty acids, lysolipids, and inositol metabolites as fracture severity increased. Fatty acid and sn‐1 lysolipid elevation could be detrimental to the joint, as these strongly correlated with matrix metalloproteinases and TNF‐α. This elevation also suggests involvement of phospholipase A2, a potential target for therapeutic intervention. Together with elevated 2‐hydroxyl fatty acids, these findings suggest elevated sn‐1 lysolipids, sphingomyelins, and subsequent lipid metabolites in synovial fluid as biomarkers of ankle injury. Reversal of this signature after 6 months suggests temporary involvement of these metabolites in disease progression, although they may activate signaling pathways which drive progression to osteoarthritis. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:657–666, 2017.
Methane concentrations increase in bottom waters during summertime anoxia in the highly eutrophic estuary, Chesapeake Bay, U.S.A.
Authors: Gelesh Lauren , Marshall Kathleen , Boicourt William , Lapham Laura 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe Chesapeake Bay is a eutrophic estuary that undergoes seasonal bottom water hypoxia. Methane (CH4) gas bubbles are found within the upper sediment layers, but whether this greenhouse gas escapes to the water column or the atmosphere is not well known. Here, we hypothesize that when bottom waters become anoxic, CH4 is released from the sediments, builds up under the pycnocline, and escapes to the atmosphere at the end of hypoxia. Osmotically powered pumps (OsmoSamplers) were used for the first time to test this hypothesis. They were deployed from April to October 2013 and continuously collected bottom water into small diameter, copper tubing. Upon recovery, the tubing was cut into 4 d increments, and the enclosed water extracted and measured for CH4 concentrations. Results showed that in April, CH4 concentrations were low (∼1 μM) when bottom waters were fully oxygenated and increased as anoxic conditions set in. By mid‐July, CH4 concentrations peaked and reached as high as 40 μM, most likely coming from the sediments. By early August, concentrations decreased until they returned to background levels when normal oxygen conditions returned in late September. While most of the built‐up CH4 was gone by the end of anoxia, CH4 concentrations measured in discrete surface water samples in June and September suggest that there was still a significant flux of CH4 to the atmosphere. Taken together, our time‐series data shows that the CH4 flux from the Chesapeake Bay is temporally variable, potentially significant, and dependent on physical processes (e.g., storms) occurring in the Bay.
The Effects of Amide Groups on the Thermal and Optical Properties of Poly(amide‐imide)s with Low Residual Stress for Microelectronic Devices
Authors: Kim Kwangin , Yoo Taewon , Ha Hyemin , Kim Jinyoung , Han Patrick , Han Haksoo 
Published: February 2016

In this study, poly(amide‐imide)s are synthesized for electronic materials by adding amide groups into polyimide. As it is expected, poly(amide‐imide) shows an amorphous structure with a lower glass transition temperature and residual stress than the neat polyimide due to the high steric hindrance of the amide group. Also, the modification to the polyimide structure leads to higher transmittance and enhances colorless properties. Consequently, successful synthesis of poly(amide‐imide)s is demonstrated which has wide applicability in the electronic industries due to their low glass transition temperature. It is expected that semiconductor and integrated circuit products can be manufactured utilizing poly(amide‐imide)s with high reliability and a low chance of cracking due to their lower residual stress. Furthermore, it envisioned that the improved optical properties of poly(amide‐imide) materials will allow for their applications in transparent displays and coating products.
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WaterControl: self‐diffusion based solvent signal suppression enhanced by selective inversion
Authors: Zheng Gang , Torres Allan M. , Price William S. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSelective inversion/excitation based solvent signal suppression techniques are widely used in various NMR experiments because of their high efficiency and general applicability. However, these techniques generate a ‘null’/suppression region containing (non‐quantitatively) degraded solvent and desired resonances because of their reliance on the rejection of the coherence transfer pathway corresponding to all the resonances within the suppression region. To address this issue, the WaterControl technique was developed by inserting a (pulsed gradient – selective inversion pulse – pulsed gradient) unit into each ‘transverse’ period of a standard stimulated echo pulse sequence so that the coherence transfer pathways corresponding to both the suppression and non‐suppression regions can be selected in one transient. The new sequence affords a diffusion based and quantifiable solvent signal suppression with no or minimal loss of features of interest. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of the effect of different vitrification solutions on human ovarian tissue after short‐term xenotransplantation onto the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane
Authors: Zeng Yu‐Cui , Tang Hui‐Ru , Zeng Li‐Ping , Chen Yun , Wang Guo‐Ping , Wu Rui‐Fang 
Published: February 2016

SUMMARYChemotherapy can lead to the loss of fertility and premature ovarian failure in young women who suffer from malignant diseases. Freezing ovarian tissue by vitrification allows for the preservation of a large number of follicles prior to treatment, yet no established protocols have been optimized with respect to the vitrification solution. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the early stage of human ovarian tissue xenotransplantated onto the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane after vitrification, and to determine the effect of different vitrification solutions on ovarian tissue quality—as defined by morphology and viability of follicles, neovascularization, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Each vitrification protocol had a different impact on ovarian tissue at the early transplantation stage; one process using the lowest concentrations of ethylene glycol and dimethylsulfoxide, plus sucrose, demonstrated a moderate advantage compared to the other protocols. We also demonstrated that the chorioallantoic membrane model can be a useful alternative for short‐term xenotransplantation studies of angiogenesis into human ovarian cortical tissue. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 359–369, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new paramagnetically shifted imaging probe for MRI
Authors: Senanayake P. Kanthi , Rogers Nicola J. , Finney Katie‐Louise N.A. , Harvey Peter , Funk Alexander M. , Wilson J. Ian , O'Hogain Dara , Maxwell Ross , Parker David , Blamire Andrew M. 
Published: February 2016

PurposeTo develop and characterize a new paramagnetic contrast agent for molecular imaging by MRI.MethodsA contrast agent was developed for direct MRI detection through the paramagnetically shifted proton magnetic resonances of two chemically equivalent tert‐butyl reporter groups within a dysprosium(III) complex. The complex was characterized in phantoms and imaged in physiologically intact mice at 7 Tesla (T) using three‐dimensional (3D) gradient echo and spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) sequences to measure spatial distribution and signal frequency.ResultsThe reporter protons reside ∼6.5 Å from the paramagnetic center, resulting in fast T1 relaxation (T1 = 8 ms) and a large paramagnetic frequency shift exceeding 60 ppm. Fast relaxation allowed short scan repetition times with high excitation flip angle, resulting in high sensitivity. The large dipolar shift allowed direct frequency selective excitation and acquisition of the dysprosium(III) complex, independent of the tissue water signal. The biokinetics of the complex were followed in vivo with a temporal resolution of 62 s following a single, low‐dose intravenous injection. The lower concentration limit for detection was ∼23 μM. Through MRSI, the temperature dependence of the paramagnetic shift (0.28 ppm.K−1) was exploited to examine tissue temperature variation.ConclusionsThese data demonstrate a new MRI agent with the potential for physiological monitoring by MRI. Magn Reson Med 77:1307–1317, 2017. © 2016 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Urinary tract infections, urologic surgery, and renal dysfunction in a contemporary cohort of traumatic spinal cord injured patients
Authors: Welk Blayne , Liu Kuan , Winick‐Ng Jennifer , Shariff Salimah Z. 
Published: February 2016

AimsThe objective of this study was to measure the incidence of urinary tract infections (UTIs), urologic reconstruction/urinary diversion, and renal dysfunction after a traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI).MethodsRetrospective cohort study using administrative data from Ontario, Canada. All incident adult TSCI patients (2002–2013) admitted to a rehabilitation center were included. The impact of lesion level on each outcome was assessed. The rate of outcomes was further compared to an age and sex matched sample from the general population.ResultsA total of 2,023 incident TSCI patients were identified (median follow‐up of 4.8 years). Most patients (73%) were male and median age was 50 years. Lesion level included cervical (39%), thoracolumbar (44%), and unknown (17%). The incidence of serious UTIs (requiring emergency room visit or hospital admission) was 40%. Thoracolumbar lesion TSCI patients had significantly greater risk of serious UTIs (HR 1.3, 95%CI 1.1–1.7, P < 0.01) compared to those with a cervical lesion. Urologic reconstruction/urinary diversion was carried out on 2.4% of patients. New onset renal dysfunction was identified in 4.2% (84) TSCI patients. The rate ratios for serious UTIs (10.59, 95%CI 8.71–12.89), urologic reconstruction/urinary diversion (6.48, 95%CI 3.07–13.68), and renal dysfunction (2.55, 95%CI 1.70–3.83) were significantly increased among TSCI patients compared to matched controls.ConclusionsUrologic disease is still an important source of morbidity for contemporary TSCI patients, and is more common compared to the general population. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:640–647, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On convergence of iterative methods for maximal correlation problems
Authors: Liu Xin‐Guo , Wang Wei‐Guo 
Published: February 2016

SummarySeveral iterative methods for maximal correlation problems (MCPs) have been proposed in the literature. This paper deals with the convergence of these iterations and contains three contributions. Firstly, a unified and concise proof of the monotone convergence of these iterative methods is presented. Secondly, a starting point strategy is analysed. Thirdly, some error estimates are presented to test the quality of a computed solution. Both theoretical results and numerical tests suggest that combining with this starting point strategy these methods converge rapidly and are more likely converging to a global maximizer of MCP. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal control of a system of reaction–diffusion equations modeling the wine fermentation process
Authors: Merger Juri , Borzì Alfio , Herzog Roland 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThe investigation of a reaction–diffusion system with new nonlinear reactions kinetics to model the fermentation of wine is presented. The reactive part extends existing ordinary differential models by taking into account oxygen availability and ethanol toxicity. The presence of spatial diffusion and the inclusion of a heat equation allow geometrical and thermal effects in the model. Existence, uniqueness, and regularity of solutions to this system of reaction–diffusion partial differential equations are discussed. A boundary optimal control problem is formulated with the purpose of steering an ideal fermentation process. This optimal control problem is theoretically investigated and numerically solved in the adjoint method framework. The existence of an optimal control is proved, and its solution is characterized by means of the corresponding optimality system. To solve this system, an implicit–explicit splitting approach is considered, and a Broyden‐Fletcher‐Goldfarb‐Shanno (BFGS) optimization scheme is implemented. Results of numerical experiments demonstrate the validity of the fermentation model and of the proposed control strategy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recent advances in photorefractive and photoactive polymers for holographic applications
Authors: Tsutsumi Naoto 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe current state‐of‐the‐art of photorefractive and photoactive polymers for holographic applications is summarized and reviewed. Photorefractive polymers and some kinds of photoactive materials based on the azobenzene chromophore have great potential for updatable holographic applications. Updatable three‐dimensional holographic displays of large size have been developed using photorefractive polymers as well as photoactive azobenzene materials. Time responses of photorefractive polymers of the order of seconds and hundreds of milliseconds are currently improved to be of the order of milliseconds to hundreds of microseconds with high diffraction efficiency and high optical gain. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Enhancing the impact of IASI observations through an updated observation‐error covariance matrix
Authors: Bormann Niels , Bonavita Massimo , Dragani Rossana , Eresmaa Reima , Matricardi Marco , McNally Anthony 
Published: February 2016

This article investigates the use of an updated observation‐error covariance matrix for the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) in the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) system. The new observation‐error covariance matrix is based on observation‐space diagnostics and includes interchannel error correlations, but also assigns significantly altered error standard deviations. The update is investigated in detail in assimilation experiments, including an assessment of the role of error inflation and taking interchannel error correlations into account.The updated observation‐error covariance leads to a significant improvement in the use of IASI data, especially in the Tropics and the stratosphere and particularly for humidity and ozone. The benefits are especially strong for short‐range forecasts, whereas the impact in the medium range is less pronounced.The study highlights the benefits of taking interchannel error correlations into account, which allows the use of an observation‐error covariance for IASI that is overall more consistent with departure statistics. At the same time, the study also demonstrates that error inflation can be used to compensate partially, though not fully, for neglected error correlations. Adjustments such as scaling of the originally diagnosed observation‐error estimates are also found to be beneficial when the diagnosed interchannel error correlations are taken into account.
Translating the ARM Neon and VFP instructions in a binary translator
Authors: Guo Yu‐Chuan , Yang Wuu , Chen Jiunn‐Yeu , Lee Jenq‐Kuen 
Published: February 2016

SummaryBinary translation attempts to emulate one instruction set with another on the same or different platforms. The important technique is widely used in modern software. Vector and floating‐point instructions are widely used in many applications, including multimedia, graphics, and gaming. Although these instructions are usually simulated with software in a binary translator, it is important to support them such that the host single‐instruction, multiple‐data (SIMD) and floating‐point hardware are efficiently used during emulation. We report our design and implementation of the emulation of ARM Neon and vector floating point (VFP) instructions in the machine‐code‐to‐low‐level‐virtual‐machine (MC2LLVM) binary translator. The Neon and VFP instructions are first translated into carefully chosen sequences of LLVM intermediate representation (IR), and later, the IR sequences are optimized and translated into the host native binary by the existing LLVM backend. Because MC2LLVM makes use of the vector and floating‐point types in LLVM IR, the generated host native binary can take full advantage of the vector and floating‐point functional units, if present, of the host machine. To be fully compliant with Neon and VFP instruction sets, all the features are supported, including the flush‐to‐zero mode, default not a number mode, and floating‐point exceptions. The experimental results show that code generated by MC2LLVM with the Neon and VFP extensions achieves an average speedup of 1.174× in SPEC 2006 benchmark suites and exhibits a floating‐point throughput of 12.05× in LINPACK, compared with code generated by MC2LLVM without the Neon and VFP extensions. Furthermore, MC2LLVM is 3.36× faster than QEMU for processing Neon/VFP instructions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.