bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patients’ willingness to utilize a SMS-based appointment scheduling system at a family practice unit in a developing country
Authors: Adedokun Ayoade , Idris Oladipo , Odujoko Tolulope 
Published: April 2016

AimThe investigators aimed to assess the willingness of patients to utilize and pay for a proposed short message service- (SMS) based appointment scheduling service.BackgroundTelecommunication applications have been introduced to improve the delivery of healthcare services in developed countries; however, public-funded healthcare systems in developing countries like Nigeria are mostly unfamiliar with the use of such technologies for improving healthcare access.MethodsWe proposed a SMS-based (text message) appointment scheduling system to consenting subjects at an outpatients’ clinic and explored their willingness to utilize and pay for the service. Using semi-structured interview schedules, we collected information on: estimated arrival time, most important worry when seeking for healthcare services at public hospitals in the study setting, ownership of a mobile phone, willingness to utilize a SMS-based appointment for clinic visits and willingness to pay for the service. In addition, respondents were asked to suggest a tariff for the proposed system.FindingsA total of 500 consecutively recruited patients aged 16–86 (42.1±15.4) years participated; 54% (n=270) were females. Waiting time ranged from 1–7.5 h (3.9±1.1). Two overlapping themes emerged as most important worries: crowded waiting rooms and long waiting time. Ownership of mobile phones was reported by 96.4% (n=482) of subjects. Nearly all favoured the proposed appointment scheduling system (n=486, 97.2%). Majority of patients who favoured the system were willing to pay for the service (n=484, 99.6%). Suggested tariff ranged from 0.03 to 20.83 (1.53±2.11) US dollars; 89.8% (n=349) of the subjects suggested tariffs that were greater than the prevailing retail cost of the proposed service. In sum, our findings indicate that patients in this study were willing to utilize and pay for a proposed SMS-based appointment scheduling system. The findings have implications for policies aimed at improving healthcare access and delivery of healthcare services at the primary care level in developing countries like Nigeria.
Die Anfänge einer differenzierten Neuropsychopharmakotherapie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Untersuchung zur Psycho- und Neuropharmakologie in den 40er und 50er Jahren des vorigen Jahrhunderts
Authors: Gerhard Uwe-Jens , Schönberg Anke 
Published: April 2016

Zusammenfassung. Fragestellung: Die Ansätze einer differenzierten Neuropsychopharmakotherapie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen lassen sich bis in die 40er und 50er Jahre des vorigen Jahrhunderts zurückverfolgen. Bestimmte Störungsbilder aus den Bereichen der Psychiatrie und Neurologie konnte man bereits mit einer Vielzahl von Präparaten behandeln. Methodik: Eine umfangreiche Sichtung von exakt 700 stationären Krankenakten von unter 18-jährigen Patienten der Universitätsnervenklinik Jena der Jahre 1942 bis 1945 und 89 Ambulanzblättern der konsiliarisch betreuten Kinder des Trüperschen Erziehungsheimes in Jena von 1946 bis 1954 wurde unter diesem Gesichtspunkt vorgenommen. Ergebnisse: Eine differenzierte Therapie erfolgte zum Beispiel bei Angst- und Erregungszuständen, hyperkinetischen Syndromen, Enuresis, Migräne, Schlafstörungen, Epilepsie, Chorea minor, Spastik, Neuralgien, Neuritiden, Schwindel, Schmerzzuständen, Tetanien und Lues. Schlussfolgerung: Die Intervention bei psychischen Erkrankungen war allerdings vor der Ära der Entwicklung von Neuroleptika und Antidepressiva relativ unspezifisch. So fand bei neurovegetativen Störungen, Psychoneurosen und verschiedenen Psychopathieformen eine Vielfalt von Präparaten Anwendung. Eingesetzt wurden insbesondere die Barbiturate in reiner Form oder Kombination. Da psychische Störungen häufig durch körperliche Erkrankungen bedingt waren, konnten diese ursächlich durch den Einsatz von Chemotherapeutika behoben bzw. gebessert werden. Auch andere somatische Therapien, wie die Krampfbehandlung mit Kampfer und Cardiazol, die Malariakur und die Insulinschockbehandlung, aber auch die Elektrokrampftherapie, wurden insbesondere bei schizophrenen Patienten eingesetzt. Schlüsselwörter: Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Beginn der Neuropsychopharmakotherapie, Krampfbehandlung, Universitätsnervenklinik Jena, Erziehungsheim von Johannes Trüper
High frequency pacing of edge localized modes by injection of lithium granules in DIII-D H-mode discharges
Authors: Bortolon A. , Maingi R. , Mansfield D.K. , Nagy A. , Roquemore A.L. , Baylor L.R. , Commaux N. , Jackson G.L. , Gilson E.P. , Lunsford R. , Parks P.B. , Chrystal C. , Grierson B.A. , Groebner R. , Haskey S.R. , Makowski M.J. , Lasnier C.J. , Nazikian R. , Osborne T. , Shiraki D. , Van Zeeland M.A. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
A newly installed Lithium Granule Injector (LGI) was used to pace edge localized modes (ELM) in DIII-D. ELM pacing efficiency was studied injecting lithium granules of nominal diameter 0.3–0.9 mm, speed of 50–120 m s−1 and average injection rates up to 100 Hz for 0.9 mm granules and up to 700 Hz for 0.3 mm granules. The efficiency of ELM triggering was found to depend strongly on size of the injected granules, with triggering efficiency close to 100% obtained with 0.9 mm diameter granules, lower with smaller sizes, and weakly depending on granule velocity. Robust ELM pacing was demonstrated in ITER-like plasmas for the entire shot length, at ELM frequencies 3–5 times larger than the ‘natural’ ELM frequency observed in reference discharges. Within the range of ELM frequencies obtained, the peak ELM heat flux at the outer strike point was reduced with increasing pacing frequency. The peak heat flux reduction at the inner strike point appears to saturate at high pacing frequency. Lithium was found in the plasma core, with a concurrent reduction of metallic impurities and carbon. Overall, high frequency ELM pacing using the lithium granule injection appears to be compatible with both H-mode energy confinement and attractive H-mode pedestal characteristics, but further assessment is needed to determine whether the projected heat flux reduction required for ITER can be met.
Conflicting genomic signals affect phylogenetic inference in four species of North American pines
Authors: Koralewski Tomasz E. , Mateos Mariana , Krutovsky Konstantin V. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAdaptive evolutionary processes in plants may be accompanied by episodes of introgression, parallel evolution and incomplete lineage sorting that pose challenges in untangling species evolutionary history. Genus Pinus (pines) is one of the most abundant and most studied groups among gymnosperms, and a good example of a lineage where these phenomena have been observed. Pines are among the most ecologically and economically important plant species. Some, such as the pines of the southeastern USA (southern pines in subsection Australes ), are subjects of intensive breeding programmes. Despite numerous published studies, the evolutionary history of Australes remains ambiguous and often controversial. We studied the phylogeny of four major southern pine species: shortleaf ( Pinus echinata ), slash ( P. elliottii ), longleaf ( P. palustris ) and loblolly ( P. taeda ), using sequences from 11 nuclear loci and maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. Our analysis encountered resolution difficulties similar to earlier published studies. Although incomplete lineage sorting and introgression are two phenomena presumptively underlying our results, the phylogenetic inferences seem to be also influenced by the genes examined, with certain topologies supported by sets of genes sharing common putative functionalities. For example, genes involved in wood formation supported the clade echinata – taeda , genes linked to plant defence supported the clade echinata – elliottii and genes linked to water management properties supported the clade echinata – palustris . The support for these clades was very high and consistent across methods. We discuss the potential factors that could underlie these observations, including incomplete lineage sorting, hybridization and parallel or adaptive evolution. Our results likely reflect the relatively short evolutionary history of the subsection that is thought to have begun during the middle Miocene and has been influenced by climate fluctuations.
Modelling spatially dependent predation mortality of eastern Bering Sea walleye pollock, and its implications for stock dynamics under future climate scenarios
Authors: Spencer Paul D. , Holsman Kirstin K. , Zador Stephani , Bond Nicholas A. , Mueter Franz J. , Hollowed Anne B. , Ianelli James N. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias) are an important predator of juvenile walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogramus) in the eastern Bering Sea (EBS) shelf and have increased 3-fold in biomass from 1977 to 2014. Arrowtooth flounder avoid the summer “cold pool” (bottom water ≤2°C) and variability in cold pool size and location has affected their spatial overlap with juvenile walleye pollock. Developing a method to account for the relationship between climate change and pollock mortality can highlight ecosystem dynamics and contribute to better assessments for fisheries management. Consequently, spatially resolved predation mortality rates were estimated within an age-structured walleye pollock stock assessment population model (based on spatial information on diet and abundance from trawl surveys), along with the effect of sea surface temperature (SST) on pollock recruitment. Projections of SST and cold pool area to 2050 were obtained (or statistically downscaled) from nine global climate models and used within an age-structure population model to project pollock abundance given estimated relationships between environmental variables and predator and prey spatial distributions, pollock recruitment, and maximum rate of arrowtooth flounder consumption. The climate projections show a wide range of variability but an overall trend of increasing SST and decreasing cold pool area. Projected pollock biomass decreased largely due to the negative effect of increased SST on pollock recruitment. A sensitivity analysis indicated that the decline in projected pollock biomass would be exacerbated if arrowtooth flounder increased their relative distribution in the EBS northwest middle shelf (an area of relatively high density of juvenile pollock) in warm years.
Enhanced functional divergence of duplicate genes several million years after gene duplication in theArabidopsislineage
Authors: Hanada Kousuke , Tezuka Ayumi , Nozawa Masafumi , Suzuki Yutaka , Sugano Sumio , Nagano Atsushi J. , Ito Motomi , Morinaga Shi-Ichi 
Published: April 2016

AbstractLineage-specifically duplicated genes likely contribute to the phenotypic divergence in closely related species. However, neither the frequency of duplication events nor the degree of selective pressures immediately after gene duplication is clear in the speciation process. Plants have substantially higher gene duplication rates than most other eukaryotes. Here, using Illumina short reads fromArabidopsis halleri, which has highly qualified plant genomes in close species (Brassica rapa, A. thalianaandA. lyrata), we succeeded in generating orthologous gene groups amongB. rapa, A. thaliana, A. lyrataandA. halleri. The frequency of duplication events in theArabidopsislineage was approximately 10 times higher than the frequency inferred by comparative genomics ofArabidopsis, poplar, rice and moss. Of the currently retained genes inA. halleri, 11–24% had undergone gene duplication in theArabidopsislineage. To examine the degree of selective pressure for duplicated genes, we calculated the ratios of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitution rates (KA/KS) in theA. halleri-lyrataandA. hallerilineages. Using a maximum-likelihood framework, we examined positive (KA/KS> 1) and purifying selection (KA/KS< 1) at a significant level (P < 0.01). Duplicate genes tended to have a higher proportion of positive selection compared with non-duplicated genes. More interestingly, we found that functional divergence of duplicated genes was accelerated several million years after gene duplication at a higher proportion than immediately after gene duplication.
Bayesian Markov models consistently outperform PWMs at predicting motifs in nucleotide sequences
Authors: Siebert Matthias , Söding Johannes 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPosition weight matrices (PWMs) are the standard model for DNA and RNA regulatory motifs. In PWMs nucleotide probabilities are independent of nucleotides at other positions. Models that account for dependencies need many parameters and are prone to overfitting. We have developed a Bayesian approach for motif discovery using Markov models in which conditional probabilities of orderk-1 act as priors for those of orderk. This Bayesian Markov model (BMM) training automatically adapts model complexity to the amount of available data. We also derive an EM algorithm for de-novo discovery of enriched motifs. For transcription factor binding, BMMs achieve significantly (p<0.063) higher cross-validated partial AUC than PWMs in 97% of 446 ChIP-seq ENCODE datasets and improve performance by 36% on average. BMMs also learn complex multipartite motifs, improving predictions of transcription start sites, polyadenylation sites, bacterial pause sites, and RNA binding sites by 26%-101%. BMMs never performed worse than PWMs. These robust improvements argue in favour of generally replacing PWMs by BMMs. TheBayesianMarkovModelmotifdiscovery software BaMM!motif is available under GPL athttp://github.com/soedinglab/BaMMmotif.
Can the metacommunity data matrix predict changes in species incidence and abundance?
Authors: Waller Donald M. , Mudrak Erika L. , Rogers David A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMetacommunity matrices contain data on species incidence or abundance across sites, compactly portraying community composition and how it varies over sites. We constructed models based on an initial metacommunity matrix of either species incidence or abundance to test whether such data suffice to predict subsequent changes in incidence or abundance at each site. We then tested these models against extensive empirical data on vascular plant incidence and abundance collected from 156 forested sites in both the 1950s and 2000s. Predictions from these models parallel observed changes in species incidence and abundance in two distinctly different forest metacommunities and differ greatly from null model predictions. The abundance model shows greater power than the incidence model reflecting its higher information content. Predictions were more accurate for the more diverse forests of southern Wisconsin which are changing faster in response to succession and fragmentation. Simulations demonstrate that these results are fairly robust to variation in sampling intensity. These models, based only on the metacommunity matrix, do not require data on site conditions or species' characteristics. They thus provide a useful baseline for assessing more complex models incorporating data on species' functional traits, local site conditions, or landscape context. They may also prove useful to conservation biologists seeking to predict local population declines and extinction risks.
Physiological and biochemical changes associated with acute experimental dehydration in the desert adapted mouse,Peromyscus eremicus
Authors: Kordonowy Lauren , Lombardo Kaelina D. , Green Hannah L. , Dawson Molly , Bolton Evice A. , LaCourse Sarah , MacManes Matthew D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCharacterizing traits critical for adaptation to a given environment is an important first step in understanding how phenotypes evolve. How animals adapt to the extreme heat and aridity commonplace to deserts represents is an exceptionally interesting example of these processes, and has been the focus of study for decades. In contrast to those studies, where experiments are conducted on either wild animals or captive animals held in non-desert conditions, the study described here leverages a unique environmental chamber that replicates desert conditions for captivePeromyscus eremicus(cactus mouse). Here we establish baseline values for daily water intake and for serum electrolytes, as well as the response of these variables to experimental dehydration. In brief,P. eremicus’ daily water intake is very low. It’s serum electrolytes are distinct from many previously studied animals, and its response to acute dehydration is profound, though not suggestive of renal impairment, which is atypical of mammals.Summary statementThe establishment of baseline values for serum electrolytes and water intake, as well as their response to acute dehydration is critical for characterizing the physiology necessary for desert survival.Conflict of Interest StatementThe authors declare no conflict of interest.
Live Imaging of muscle histolysis inDrosophilametamorphosis
Authors: Kuleesha Yadav , Puah Wee Choo , Wasser Martin 
Published: April 2016

Background:The contribution of programmed cell death (PCD) to muscle wasting disorders remains a matter of debate.Drosophila melanogastermetamorphosis offers the opportunity to study muscle cell death in the context of development. Using live cell imaging of the abdomen, two groups of larval muscles can be observed, doomed muscles that undergo histolysis and persistent muscles that are remodelled and survive into adulthood.Method:To identify and characterize genes that control the decision between survival and cell death of muscles, we developed a method comprisingin vivoimaging, targeted gene perturbation and time-lapse image analysis. Our approach enabled us to study the cytological and temporal aspects of abnormal cell death phenotypes.Results:In a previous genetic screen for genes controlling muscle size and cell death in metamorphosis, we identified gene perturbations that induced cell death of persistent or inhibit histolysis of doomed larval muscles. RNA interference (RNAi) of the genes encoding the helicase Rm62 and the lysosomal Cathepsin-L homolog Cysteine proteinase 1 (Cp1) caused premature cell death of persistent muscle in early and mid-pupation, respectively. Silencing of the transcriptional co-repressorAtrophininhibited histolysis of doomed muscles. Overexpression of dominant-negative Target of Rapamycin (TOR) delayed the histolysis of a subset of doomed and induced ablation of all persistent muscles. RNAi ofAMPKα,which encodes a subunit of the AMPK protein complex that senses AMP and promotes ATP formation, led to loss of attachment and a spherical morphology. None of the perturbations affected the survival of newly formed adult muscles, suggesting that the method is useful to find genes that are crucial for the survival of metabolically challenged muscles, like those undergoing atrophy. The ablation of persistent muscles did not affect eclosion of adult flies.Conclusions:Live imaging is a versatile approach to uncover gene functions that are required for the survival of muscle undergoing remodelling, yet are dispensable for other adult muscles. Our approach promises to identify molecular mechanisms that can explain the resilience of muscles to PCD.
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer and protein-induced fluorescence enhancement as synergetic multi-scale molecular rulers
Authors: Ploetz Evelyn , Lerner Eitan , Husada Florence , Roelfs Martin , Chung SangYoon , Hohlbein Johannes , Weiss Shimon , Cordes Thorben 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTAdvanced microscopy methods allow obtaining information on (dynamic) conformational changes in biomolecules via measuring a single molecular distance in the structure. It is, however, extremely challenging to capture the full depth of a three-dimensional biochemical state, binding-related structural changes or conformational cross-talk in multi-protein complexes using one-dimensional assays. In this paper we address this fundamental problem by extending the standard molecular ruler based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) into a two-dimensional assay via its combination with protein-induced fluorescence enhancement (PIFE). We show that donor brightness (viaPIFE) and energy transfer efficiency (viaFRET) can simultaneously report on e.g., the conformational state of dsDNA following its interaction with unlabelled proteins (BamHI, EcoRV, T7 DNA polymerase gp5/trx). The PIFE-FRET assay uses established labelling protocols and single molecule fluorescence detection schemes (alternating-laser excitation, ALEX). Besides quantitative studies of PIFE and FRET ruler characteristics, we outline possible applications of ALEX-based PIFE-FRET for single-molecule studies with diffusing and immobilized molecules. Finally, we study transcription initiation and scrunching ofE. coliRNA-polymerase with PIFE-FRET and provide direct evidence for the physical presence and vicinity of the polymerase that causes structural changes and scrunching of the transcriptional DNA bubble.
Negotiators’ emotion perception and value-claiming under different incentives
Authors: Kong Dejun Tony , Bottom William P. , Konczak Lee J. 
Published: April 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how negotiators’ self-evaluated emotion perception is related to value claiming under two incentive schemes. Adopting an ability-motivation interaction perspective, the authors hypothesize that the relationship will be stronger in the contingent (upon value-claiming performance) versus fixed (non-contingent upon value-claiming performance) pay condition.Design/methodology/approachMulti-level analysis of data (120 participants, 60 dyads) from a laboratory study provided evidence supporting the hypothesis proposed in this paper.FindingsEmotional perception was indeed more strongly related to value claiming in the contingent pay condition than in the fixed pay condition. Negotiators’ emotion perception also had a direct, positive linkage with relationship satisfaction, regardless of the incentive scheme.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitations of the current paper include self-report measures of emotion perception, a US student sample and a focus on value claiming as the instrumental outcome. The authors urge future research to address these limitations in replicating and extending the current findings.Originality/valueThe present paper is the first to explicitly test the moderating role of incentive schemes on the linkage between negotiators’ emotion perception and performance. The findings not only show the context-dependent predictive value of negotiators’ emotion perception but also shed light on both negotiation and emotional intelligence (EI) research.