bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EXOSC10/Rrp6 is post-translationally regulated in male germ cells and controls the onset of spermatogenesis
Authors: Jamin Soazik P. , Petit Fabrice G. , Kervarrec Christine , Smagulova Fatima , Illner Doris , Scherthan Harry , Primig Michael 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEXOSC10 is a catalytic subunit of the exosome that processes biologically active transcripts, degrades aberrant mRNAs and targets certain long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). The yeast orthologue Rrp6 is required for efficient growth and gametogenesis, and becomes unstable during meiosis. However, nothing is known about the localization, stability and function of EXOSC10 in the rodent male germline. We detect the protein in nucleoli and the cytoplasm of mitotic and meiotic germ cells, and find that it transiently associates with the XY body, a structure targeted by meiotic sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI). Finally, EXOSC10 becomes unstable at later stages of gamete development. To determine Exosc10’s meiotic function, we inactivated the gene specifically in male germ cells using cre recombinase controlled by Stra8 or Ddx4/Vasa promoters. Mutant mice have small testes, show impaired germ cell differentiation and are subfertile. Our results demonstrate that EXOSC10 is post-translationally regulated in germ cells, associate the protein with epigenetic chromosome silencing, and reveal its essential role in germ cell growth and development.
High Energy Conversion Efficiency with 3-D Micro-Patterned Photoanode for Enhancement Diffusivity and Modification of Photon Distribution in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Yun Min Ju , Sim Yeon Hyang , Cha Seung I. , Seo Seon Hee , Lee Dong Y. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDye sensitize solar cells (DSSCs) have been considered as the promising alternatives silicon based solar cell with their characteristics including high efficiency under weak illumination and insensitive power output to incident angle. Therefore, many researches have been studied to improve the energy conversion efficiency of DSSCs. However the efficiency of DSSCs are still trapped at the around 10%. In this study, micro-scale hexagonal shape patterned photoanode have proposed to modify light distribution of photon. In the patterned electrode, the appearance efficiency have been obtained from 7.1% to 7.8% considered active area and the efficiency of 12.7% have been obtained based on the photoanode area. Enhancing diffusion of electrons and modification of photon distribution utilizing the morphology of the electrode are major factors to improving the performance of patterned electrode. Also, finite element method analyses of photon distributions were conducted to estimate morphological effect that influence on the photon distribution and current density. From our proposed study, it is expecting that patterned electrode is one of the solution to overcome the stagnant efficiency and one of the optimized geometry of electrode to modify photon distribution. Process of inter-patterning in photoanode has been minimized.
Cellular information dynamics through transmembrane flow of ions
Authors: Gatenby Robert A. , Frieden B. Roy 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe propose cells generate large transmembrane ion gradients to form information circuits that detect, process, and respond to environmental perturbations or signals. In this model, the specialized gates of transmembrane ion channels function as information detectors that communicate to the cell through rapid and (usually) local pulses of ions. Information in the ion “puffs” is received and processed by the cell through resulting changes in charge density and/or mobile cation (and/or anion) concentrations alter the localization and function of peripheral membrane proteins. The subsequent changes in protein binding to the membrane or activation of K+, Ca2+ or Mg2+-dependent enzymes then constitute a cellular response to the perturbation. To test this hypothesis we analyzed ion-based signal transmission as a communication channel operating with coded inputs and decoded outputs. By minimizing the Kullback-Leibler cross entropy $${{\boldsymbol{H}}}_{{\boldsymbol{K}}{\boldsymbol{L}}}({\boldsymbol{p}}||{\boldsymbol{q}})$$

H

K
L

(
p

|

|

q
)
between concentrations of the ion species inside $${{\boldsymbol{p}}}_{{\boldsymbol{i}}}({\boldsymbol{t}}){\boldsymbol{,}}{\boldsymbol{i}}={\boldsymbol{1}},\ldots ,{\boldsymbol{N}}$$

p

i

(
t
)
,
i
=
1
,
…
,
N
and outside $$\,{{\boldsymbol{q}}}_{{\boldsymbol{i}}}({\boldsymbol{t}})$$

q

i

(
t
)
the cell membrane, we find signal transmission through transmembrane ion flow forms an optimal Shannon information channel that minimizes information loss and maximizes transmission speed. We demonstrate the ion dynamics in neuronal action potentials described by Hodgkin and Huxley (including the equations themselves) represent a special case of these general information principles.
Sialidase inhibitors attenuate pulmonary fibrosis in a mouse model
Authors: Karhadkar Tejas R. , Pilling Darrell , Cox Nehemiah , Gomer Richard H. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFibrosis involves increasing amounts of scar tissue appearing in a tissue, but what drives this is unclear. In fibrotic lesions in human and mouse lungs, we found extensive desialylation of glycoconjugates, and upregulation of sialidases. The fibrosis-associated cytokine TGF-β1 upregulates sialidases in human airway epithelium cells, lung fibroblasts, and immune system cells. Conversely, addition of sialidases to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells induces accumulation of extracellular TGF-β1, forming what appears to be a sialidase - TGF-β1 - sialidase positive feedback loop. Monocyte-derived cells called fibrocytes also activate fibroblasts, and we found that sialidases potentiate fibrocyte differentiation. A sialylated glycoprotein called serum amyloid P (SAP) inhibits fibrocyte differentiation, and sialidases attenuate SAP function. Injections of the sialidase inhibitors DANA and oseltamivir (Tamiflu) starting either 1 day or 10 days after bleomycin strongly attenuate pulmonary fibrosis in the mouse bleomycin model, and by breaking the feedback loop, cause a downregulation of sialidase and TGF-β1 accumulation. Together, these results suggest that a positive feedback loop involving sialidases potentiates fibrosis, and suggest that sialidase inhibitors could be useful for the treatment of fibrosis.
BOT-4-one attenuates NLRP3 inflammasome activation: NLRP3 alkylation leading to the regulation of its ATPase activity and ubiquitination
Authors: Shim Do-Wan , Shin Woo-Young , Yu Sang-Hyeun , Kim Byung-Hak , Ye Sang-Kyu , Koppula Sushruta , Won Hyung-Sik , Kang Tae-Bong , Lee Kwang-Ho 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe ATPase activity of NLRP3 has pivotal role in inflammasome activation and is recognized as a good target for the development of the NLRP3 inflammasome-specific inhibitor. However, signals in the vicinity of the ATPase activity of NLRP3 have not been fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrate NLRP3 inflammasome-specific action of a benzoxathiole derivative, BOT-4-one. BOT-4-one exhibited an inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which was attributable to its alkylating capability to NLRP3. In particular, the NLRP3 alkylation by BOT-4-one led to an impaired ATPase activity of NLRP3, thereby obstructing the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Additionally, we found that NLRP3 alkylators, including BOT-4-one, enhance the ubiquitination level of NLRP3, which might also contribute to the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Finally, BOT-4-one appeared to be superior to other known NLRP3 alkylators in inhibiting the functionality of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its resulting anti-inflammatory activity was confirmed in vivo using a monosodium urate-induced peritonitis mouse model. Collectively, the results suggest that NLRP3 alkylators function by inhibiting ATPase activity and increasing the ubiquitination level of NLRP3, and BOT-4-one could be the type of NLRP3 inhibitor that may be potentially useful for the novel development of a therapeutic agent in controlling NLRP3 inflammasome-related diseases.
Influenza virus segment 5 (+)RNA - secondary structure and new targets for antiviral strategies
Authors: Soszynska-Jozwiak Marta , Michalak Paula , Moss Walter N. , Kierzek Ryszard , Kesy Julita , Kierzek Elzbieta 
Published: November 2017

AbstractInfluenza A virus is a threat for humans due to seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics. This virus can generate new strains that are dangerous through nucleotide/amino acid changes or through segmental recombination of the viral RNA genome. It is important to gain wider knowledge about influenza virus RNA to create new strategies for drugs that will inhibit its spread. Here, we present the experimentally determined secondary structure of the influenza segment 5 (+)RNA. Two RNAs were studied: the full-length segment 5 (+)RNA and a shorter construct containing only the coding region. Chemical mapping data combined with thermodynamic energy minimization were used in secondary structure prediction. Sequence/structure analysis showed that the determined secondary structure of segment 5 (+)RNA is mostly conserved between influenza virus type A strains. Microarray mapping and RNase H cleavage identified accessible sites for oligonucleotides in the revealed secondary structure of segment 5 (+)RNA. Antisense oligonucleotides were designed based on the secondary structure model and tested against influenza virus in cell culture. Inhibition of influenza virus proliferation was noticed, identifying good targets for antisense strategies. Effective target sites fall within two domains, which are conserved in sequence/structure indicating their importance to the virus.
Engineering DNA Backbone Interactions Results in TALE Scaffolds with Enhanced 5-Methylcytosine Selectivity
Authors: Rathi Preeti , Witte Anna , Summerer Daniel 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTranscription activator-like effectors (TALEs) are DNA major-groove binding proteins widely used for genome targeting. TALEs contain an N-terminal region (NTR) and a central repeat domain (CRD). Repeats of the CRD selectively recognize each one DNA nucleobase, offering programmability. Moreover, repeats with selectivity for 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and its oxidized derivatives can be designed for analytical applications. However, both TALE domains also nonspecifically interact with DNA phosphates via basic amino acids. To enhance the 5mC selectivity of TALEs, we aimed to decrease the nonselective binding energy of TALEs. We substituted basic amino acids with alanine in the NTR and identified TALE mutants with increased selectivity. We then analysed conserved, DNA phosphate-binding KQ diresidues in CRD repeats and identified further improved mutants. Combination of mutations in the NTR and CRD was highly synergetic and resulted in TALE scaffolds with up to 4.3-fold increased selectivity in genomic 5mC analysis via affinity enrichment. Moreover, transcriptional activation in HEK293T cells by a TALE-VP64 construct based on this scaffold design exhibited a 3.5-fold increased 5mC selectivity. This provides perspectives for improved 5mC analysis and for the 5mC-conditional control of TALE-based editing constructs in vivo.
Impaired oxidative stress response characterizes HUWE1-promoted X-linked intellectual disability
Authors: Bosshard Matthias , Aprigliano Rossana , Gattiker Cristina , Palibrk Vuk , Markkanen Enni , Backe Paul Hoff , Pellegrino Stefania , Raymond F. Lucy , Froyen Guy , Altmeyer Matthias , Bjørås Magnar , Dianov Grigory L. , van Loon Barbara 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMutations in the HECT, UBA and WWE domain-containing 1 (HUWE1) E3 ubiquitin ligase cause neurodevelopmental disorder X-linked intellectual disability (XLID). HUWE1 regulates essential processes such as genome integrity maintenance. Alterations in the genome integrity and accumulation of mutations have been tightly associated with the onset of neurodevelopmental disorders. Though HUWE1 mutations are clearly implicated in XLID and HUWE1 regulatory functions well explored, currently much is unknown about the molecular basis of HUWE1-promoted XLID. Here we showed that the HUWE1 expression is altered and mutation frequency increased in three different XLID individual (HUWE1 p.R2981H, p.R4187C and HUWE1 duplication) cell lines. The effect was most prominent in HUWE1 p.R4187C XLID cells and was accompanied with decreased DNA repair capacity and hypersensitivity to oxidative stress. Analysis of HUWE1 substrates revealed XLID-specific down-regulation of oxidative stress response DNA polymerase (Pol) λ caused by hyperactive HUWE1 p.R4187C. The subsequent restoration of Polλ levels counteracted the oxidative hypersensitivity. The observed alterations in the genome integrity maintenance may be particularly relevant in the cortical progenitor zones of human brain, as suggested by HUWE1 immunofluorescence analysis of cerebral organoids. These results provide evidence that impairments of the fundamental cellular processes, like genome integrity maintenance, characterize HUWE1-promoted XLID.
Production and Purification of Filovirus Glycoproteins in Insect and Mammalian Cell Lines
Authors: Clarke Elizabeth C. , Collar Amanda L. , Ye Chunyan , Caì Yíngyún , Anaya Eduardo , Rinaldi Derek , Martinez Britney , Yarborough Sarah , Merle Christine , Theisen Manfred , Wada Jiro , Kuhn Jens H. , Bradfute Steven B. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFiloviruses are highly virulent pathogens capable of causing severe disease. The glycoproteins of filoviruses are the only virally expressed proteins on the virion surface and are required for receptor binding. As such, they are the main candidate vaccine antigen. Despite their virulence, most filoviruses are not comprehensively characterized, and relatively few commercially produced reagents are available for their study. Here, we describe two methods for production and purification of filovirus glycoproteins in insect and mammalian cell lines. Considerations of expression vector choice, modifications to sequence, troubleshooting of purification method, and glycosylation differences are all important for successful expression of filovirus glycoproteins in cell lines. Given the scarcity of commercially available filovirus glycoproteins, we hope our experiences with possible difficulties in purification of the proteins will facilitate other researchers to produce and purify filovirus glycoproteins rapidly.
Gender composition mediates social facilitation effect in co-action condition
Authors: Liu Na , Yu Ruifeng , Yang Lindong , Lin Xuelian 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWorking with co-actors is a common work-organization mode. Whether the presence of opposite-sex co-actors (OCs) can induce social facilitation effect and how an actor’s performance is influenced by the gender composition of co-actors remain unknown. The present study aims to examine the influence of the gender composition of co-actors on the intensity of the social facilitation effect. In Experiment 1, participants performed visual search tasks alone and in six co-action conditions with varying gender compositions. In Experiment 2, the participants performed modular arithmetic tasks in three conditions with electroencephalogram activity recorded and salivary cortisol measured: alone, with a same-sex co-actor (SC), and with an OC. Results indicated that the social facilitation effect was stronger in the presence of OCs than in the presence of only SCs. The intensities of social facilitation effect resulting from the varying gender composition of co-actors were obtained and compared. A participant’s power of alpha band was lower, whereas power of beta band and normalised cortisol level were higher in the presence of an OC than in the presence of an SC. These findings provide insights into the influencing mechanisms of gender composition on the intensity of the social facilitation effect in the co-action condition.
Hypochlorite degrades 2D graphene oxide sheets faster than 1D oxidised carbon nanotubes and nanohorns
Authors: Newman Leon , Lozano Neus , Zhang Minfang , Iijima Sumio , Yudasaka Masako , Bussy Cyrill , Kostarelos Kostas 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCarbon nanostructures are currently fuelling a revolution in science and technology in areas ranging from aerospace engineering to electronics. Oxidised carbon nanomaterials, such as graphene oxide, exhibit dramatically improved water dispersibility compared to their pristine equivalents, allowing their exploration in biology and medicine. Concomitant with these potential healthcare applications, the issue of degradability has been raised and has started to be investigated. The aim of the present study was to assess the potential of hypochlorite, a naturally occurring and industrially used ion, to degrade oxidised carbon nanomaterials within a week. Our main focus was to characterise the physical and chemical changes that occur during degradation of graphene oxide compared to two other oxidised carbon nanomaterials, namely carbon nanotubes and carbon nanohorns. The kinetics of degradation were closely monitored over a week using a battery of techniques including visual observation, UV–Vis spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, infra-red spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Graphene oxide was rapidly degraded into a dominantly amorphous structure lacking the characteristic Raman signature and microscopic morphology. Oxidised carbon nanotubes underwent degradation via a wall exfoliation mechanism, yet maintained a large fraction of the sp2 carbon backbone, while the degradation of oxidised carbon nanohorns was somewhat intermediate. The present study shows the timeline of physical and chemical alterations of oxidised carbon nanomaterials, demonstrating a faster degradation of 2D graphene oxide sheets compared to 1D oxidised carbon nanomaterials over 7 days in the presence of an oxidising species.
Enhanced structural properties of In2O3 nanoparticles at lower calcination temperature synthesised by co‐precipitation method
Authors: Goh Kian Wei , Johan Mohd Rafie , Wong Yew Hoong 
Published: November 2017

Indium oxide nanoparticles (In2O3 NPs) were formed by calcining the optimised as‐prepared indium hydroxide (In(OH)3) NPs. The as‐prepared In(OH)3 NPs were synthesised at optimal pH 10 through co‐precipitation method at various calcination temperatures (200, 300, 400, 500, 600°C) for 2 h. Characterisation of the samples was performed by thermogravimetric (TGA and differential thermal, DTA) analysis, high‐resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), X‐ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The complete conversion to In2O3 NPs was reached at 300°C. Besides, the crystallite size of In2O3 NPs calculated by William‐Hall equation had the same trend with the values obtained from Scherrer equation. The HRTEM images also showed that the size of In2O3 NPs was within the range of 15–28 nm. Clearly, their work confirmed that the smallest In2O3 NPs (15 nm) with homogenous particle distribution were formed at a lower calcination temperature of 300°C.
Jugend und Sport
Authors: Goossens Lode 
Published: November 2017

Zusammenfassung
VERLETZUNGSPRÄVENTION Junge Menschen im Sport fördern, Überlastungen
vermeiden und so die Freude an der Bewegung bis ins hohe Alter behalten – das
ist ein Ziel, das sowohl Eltern als auch Trainer und Sportvereine verbindet.
Gerade verletzte Jugendliche neigen jedoch dazu, den Sport aus ihrem Leben zu
streichen. Ein verantwortungsvoller Umgang unterstützt junge Talente in ihrer
sportlichen Entwicklung und kann so dieses Dilemma verhindern.
Cyclopia Extracts Enhance Th1-, Th2-, and Th17-type T Cell Responses and Induce Foxp3+ Cells in Murine Cell Culture
Authors: Murakami Shiho , Miura Yutaka , Hattori Makoto , Matsuda Hiroshi , Malherbe Christiaan , Muller Christo , Joubert Elizabeth , Yoshida Tadashi 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Cyclopia genistoides, one of the traditional South African medicinal plants, and other species of the same genus offer noteworthy phenolic profiles, in particular high levels of the anti-allergic xanthone mangiferin. Hot water and 40% ethanol-water (v/v) extracts, prepared from C. genistoides, Cyclopia subternata, and Cyclopia maculata, were tested for immune-regulating activity in vitro using murine splenocytes and mesenteric lymph node cells. The 40% ethanol-water extracts of C. genistoides and C. subternata significantly enhanced production of several types of cytokines, including IL-4, IL-17, and IFN-γ, by antigen-stimulated splenocytes. A concentration-dependent response was observed, noticeably for IFN-γ production. The activity of the extracts did not correlate with the content of any of the major phenolic compounds, indicative that other extract constituents also play a role in immunomodulation. Additionally, the increased ratio of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells to total CD4+ cells indicated induction of Foxp3+ cells when mesenteric lymph node cells were cultured in the presence of these two extracts. This study is the first reporting immunostimulatory activity for Cyclopia, which are widely consumed as the herbal tea known as honeybush, underpinning further investigations into the potential use of its extracts as adjuvants for mucosal immunotherapy.
NanoStringNormCNV: pre-processing of NanoString CNV data
Authors: Sendorek Dorota H , Lalonde Emilie , Yao Cindy Q , Sabelnykova Veronica Y , Bristow Robert G , Boutros Paul C 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Summary
The NanoString System is a well-established technology for measuring RNA and DNA abundance. Although it can estimate copy number variation, relatively few tools support analysis of these data. To address this gap, we created NanoStringNormCNV, an R package for pre-processing and copy number variant calling from NanoString data. This package implements algorithms for pre-processing, quality-control, normalization and copy number variation detection. A series of reporting and data visualization methods support exploratory analyses. To demonstrate its utility, we apply it to a new dataset of 96 genes profiled on 41 prostate tumour and 24 matched normal samples.

Availability and implementation
NanoStringNormCNV is implemented in R and is freely available at http://labs.oicr.on.ca/boutros-lab/software/nanostringnormcnv.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim (Cotrimoxazole) for Skin and Soft Tissue Infections Including Impetigo, Cellulitis, and Abscess
Authors: Bowen Asha C , Carapetis Jonathan R , Currie Bart J , Fowler Vance , Chambers Henry F , Tong Steven Y C 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSkin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) affect millions of people globally, which represents a significant burden on ambulatory care and hospital settings. The role of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SXT) in SSTI treatment, particularly when group A Streptococcus (GAS) is involved, is controversial. We conducted a systematic review of clinical trials and observational studies that address the utility of SXT for SSTI treatment, caused by either GAS or Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant (MRSA). We identified 196 studies, and 15 underwent full text review by 2 reviewers. Observational studies, which mainly focused on SSTI due to S aureus, supported the use of SXT when compared with clindamycin or β-lactams. Of 10 randomized controlled trials, 8 demonstrated the efficacy of SXT for SSTI treatment including conditions involving GAS. These findings support SXT use for treatment of impetigo and purulent cellulitis (without an additional β-lactam agent) and abscess and wound infection. For nonpurulent cellulitis, β-lactams remain the treatment of choice.