bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UNA FORMA DE RELEER A ADAM SMITH
Authors: Valle Baeza Alejandro 
Published: October 2024

RESUMEN
Las relecturas que motivan este ensayo son el objeto de la economía política y la medida del valor. Releer a Adam Smith siempre nos lleva a encontrar algo nuevo en la medida que avancemos en alguno de los temas que trata. Mostraré que frecuentemente se vulgariza a Smith en el sentido que le dio Marx al término de economía vulgar: un cuerpo teórico donde la propaganda domina sobre la búsqueda de la verdad. El proceso de vulgarización de la obra de Smith empezó con Walras y continúa hoy en los think tanks que lo presentan como un adalid del mercado omnipotente. El tema de la medición del valor ha seguido dos rutas, una marxista y otra ricardiana. Nuestro análisis muestra las diferencias enormes que hay entre ambas. El planteamiento de Smith es más ricardiano que marxista, aunque se distingue de ambos por su interés práctico. Esto lo ilustramos con una sugerencia del escocés que se ha visto realizada.

A WAY TO REREAD ADAM SMITH
ABSTRACT
Revisiting Adam Smith always leads us to find something new as we advance in some of the topics addressed. Here motivations to revisit Smith are twofold, the object of Political Economy and the problem of the measure of value. Smith is often vulgarized in Marx's sense of the term vulgar economics: a body of theory where propaganda dominates over the search for truth. The process of vulgarization of his work began with Walras and continues today with the think tanks that present him as a champion of the omnipotent market. On the other hand, the subject of the measurement of value has followed two routes, one that I call Marxist, and the other Ricardian. The analysis here presented seeks to show the enormous differences between the two. Smith’s approach would be more Ricardian than Marxist, although it differs from both by its practical interest. An example is given to illustrate the practical relevance of the great Scotsman’s argument.
Synthetic and Natural Polymers Enhancing Drug Delivery and Their Treatment: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Saini Lakshit , Dubey Anshita , Pal Rahul , Pandey Prachi , Mandal Raj Kumar 
Published: October 2024

Polymers, both synthetic and natural, play a critical role in modern drug delivery systems by enhancing the efficacy, targeting, and release profiles of therapeutic agents. This comprehensive review delves into the various types of synthetic polymers such as poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), as well as natural polymers like chitosan, alginate, and gelatin. These polymers are explored for their potential to improve solubility, bioavailability, and controlled release of drugs. Moreover, their application in targeted drug delivery, particularly for cancer, cardiovascular, and inflammatory diseases, is highlighted. The review also compares the advantages and limitations of synthetic versus natural polymers, discussing their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and regulatory considerations. Advances in polymer-based drug delivery platforms such as nanoparticles, hydrogels, and micelles are also examined, offering insights into future directions in personalized medicine. The highlights of provide in the review article, initially basics of drug delivery, polymer, polymerization with role of polymer in polymerization. At intermediate, classification, sources of polymer with that some advanced approached in drug delivery and lastly, marketed, recent available products with future challenges and current status in the drug delivery.
Keywords: Biodegradable polymer; natural; compatible; drug delivery; treatment; enhancing; polymers.
Evaluation of the protective effect of Nigella sativa oil’s unsaponifiable fraction in carbon tetrachloride-kidney damage model
Authors: Guergouri Fatima Zohra , Sobhi Widad 
Published: October 2024

Background/Aim: Kidney diseases is a global public health problem. This study was conducted to evaluate the renoprotective effect of the total oil’s unsaponifiable fraction (UF) of a medicinal plant called Nigella sativa.
Methods: The extraction of unsaponifiables from the total seed oil of the medicinal plant Nigella sativa was carried out according to the standardized methods of the European Pharmacopoeia (Edition 5.0). Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is known to induce kidney toxicity. Acute poisoning of Male albino rats with 1:1 (v/v) mixture of CCl4 and olive oil (3 ml/Kg b.w. of rat by subcutaneous injection) induces considerable kidney pain.
Results: Nigella sativa UF is found to be rich in tocopherols, its administration as a curative or preventive treatment to poisoned animals results in a very significant reduction in renal markers (CREA, URE). Histological study shows that kidneys are in better condition than those of intoxicated rats.
Conclusion: Measurable biological evidence has been given to the use of such extract as effective substance against kidney diseases.
Keywords: CCl4, Renoprotective activity, Nigella sativa, total oil, Unsaponifiable fraction
Huntington's Disease: Pathogenesis, Therapies, and Emerging Technologies
Authors: Moazzen Amir , Çağlar Emre Şefik , Cevher Erdal 
Published: October 2024

Huntington’s Disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder that is primarily manifested by motor, cognitive, and behavioral symptoms due to an expanded CAG trinucleotide repeat in the HTT gene. Currently, most of the therapeutic strategies in HD are largely centered on the pharmacological management of the symptoms. These treatments are linked to some disadvantages such as being partially effective, having adverse effects, and their inability to alter the natural course of the disease. Recent developments in HD research are exploring the use of novel pharmacological agents, nanoparticles, cell therapies, gene therapies, and RNA-based therapies, which have shown promise in preclinical and clinical studies. This literature review explores various aspects of HD, from its pathogenesis and etiology to emerging novel approaches for its treatment.
Keywords: Huntington's Disease, HTT Gene, Nanotechnology, Neurodegeneration, Emerging Therapies, Mutant Huntingtin Protein
Advances in Mucoadhesive drug Delivery System: Enhancing Efficacy and Patient Compliance
Authors: Patil Kiran H. , Mobin Salman A. 
Published: October 2024

The goal of mucoadhesive drug delivery systems (MDDS) is to improve drug delivery effectiveness by adhering to the body's mucosal tissues. The material used in this approach adheres to mucosal surfaces, including those in the mouth, gastrointestinal system, nasal passages, and vaginal walls. The most important goal is to extend the medication's residence duration at the absorption site in order to improve drug absorption and provide a more regulated and prolonged release. Mucoadhesion refers to the adhesion between two materials, one of which is biological, through interfacial forces over an extended period. This characteristic provides an effective solution to challenges in traditional drug delivery systems, such as avoiding first-pass metabolism and facilitating localized delivery of biomolecules, including proteins, peptides, and oligonucleotides. It holds significant promise for delivering compounds via routes like ocular, nasal, vaginal, and buccal administration This study addresses the introduction, benefits, drawbacks, mechanisms, and theories of mucoadhesion in addition to polymer categorization, mucoadhesive dosage forms, assessment, and factors affecting mucoadhesion and several kinds of mucoadhesive dosage forms.
Keywords: Mucoadhesion, Theories, Mucoadhesive Dosage Form, bio adhesion
In vitro Cyclooxygenase inhibitory activity and GC-MS profiling of bioactive compounds in Bauhinia racemosa Lam.
Authors: Yadav Ankit , Vaidya Meenakshi 
Published: October 2024

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a common treatment for chronic pain and inflammation. While NSAIDs have been shown to reduce inflammation and pain associated with them, they have an array of side effects. Researchers investigated the COX inhibitory action of NSAIDs. They revealed that there are two distinct COX enzymes: COX-1 and COX2. Developing COX inhibitors has remained critical for producing innovative and safe anti-inflammatory drugs. Bauhinia racemosa Lam belonging to the family Fabaceae has a wide range of medicinal properties. The plant is used to treat various diseases in traditional medicine, but there is less knowledge based on clinical efficacy as an anti-inflammatory agent. In the present study Bauhinia racemosa Lam hydroalcoholic extract were screened for COX inhibition and GC-MS analysis was done to screen phytochemicals. The results obtained were found to inhibit 89% of COX activity significantly as compared to standard drug (Diclofenac sodium). GC-MS analysis revealed a total of ten potent bioactive compounds. The samples were identified by comparing retention time and peak area to literature and interpreting mass spectra. Results observed from the study suggest that the hydroalcoholic extract of Bauhinia racemosa Lam possess anti-inflammatory activity and can be utilized as an alternate source for NSAIDs.
Keywords: COX, Bauhinia racemosa Lam, Anti-inflammatory, NSAIDs.
Características clínicas de la linfohistiocitosis hemofagocítica en un hospital universitario de tercer nivel en Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Terán-Ibarra Francisco S. , Moreno-Arciniegas Ana M. , Tuta-Quintero Eduardo , Enciso-Olivera Leonardo José , Martin-Arsanios Daniel , Calderón-Vargas Carlos M. , Forero Yenifer , Bastidas-Goyes Alirio Rodrigo 
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Analizar las características clínicas de los pacientes diagnosticados con linfohistiocitosis hemofagocítica (HLH) en un hospital universitario de Bogotá, Colombia, durante el período comprendido entre 2012 y 2022. Material y métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo en pacientes con sospecha de síndrome hemofagocítico, a quienes se les realizó una biopsia de médula ósea, y se aplicaron retrospectivamente los criterios HLH-2004 y el HScore for Reactive Hemophagocytic Syndrome. Resultados: Se identificaron 21 pacientes con diagnóstico de HLH La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 42 años (DE = 16.68) y el 71.4% (15/21) eran hombres. La fiebre se presentó en el 85,7 % (18/21), seguido de la pérdida de peso no voluntaria se presentó en el 81% (17/21) y diaforesis nocturna en el 57,1 % (12/21). La infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) se presentó en el 57 % (12/21) de la población de estudio. Los pacientes fallecidos tuvieron una carga viral de 556.320,4 copias (DE: 558.295,12) frente a 128.9124,6 copias (DE: 1440545,81) en los pacientes que sobrevivieron. Conclusión: La mayoría de los pacientes diagnosticados con HLH presentaron infección por VIH como el principal desencadenante, además de estar asociados con infecciones oportunistas virales, como citomegalovirus y virus de Epstein-Barr.
Análisis de sobrevida en Pediatría por COVID-19 en Colombia
Authors: Pinilla Gacharná Diana Liceth , Rojas Hernández Juan Pablo , Lambraño Barrera Rafael , Pacheco Robinson , Mesa Monsalve Juan Gonzalo , Díaz Díaz Alejandro , Gutiérrez Tobar Iván Felipe , Hoyos Orrego Álvaro Darío , Garcés Samudio Carlos Guillermo , Vinasco Sánchez Luis Gabriel , López Cubillos Juan Francisco , Araque Muñoz Paula Andrea , Mejía Rivera Luis Fernando , Calle Giraldo Juan Pablo , López Medina Eduardo , Sarmiento Wilches Patrick Eliana , Sosa Ávila Luis Miguel , Jaramillo Jaramillo Catalina , Chaucanez Bastidas Yamile , Mendoza Rosado Laura , Londoño Ruiz Juan Pablo , Beltrán Arroyave Claudia Patricia , Ortiz Marín Diana Cristina , Hernández Moreno Derly Carolina 
Published: October 2024

Introducción: La mortalidad asociada al SARS-CoV-2 en la población pediátrica aún es poco conocida. Esto se debe a que los niños suelen presentar síntomas leves o incluso pueden ser asintomáticos, lo que dificulta la identificación y el seguimiento de los casos graves que puedan llevar a la muerte. Así mismo, la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en la población pediátrica se comporta de manera diferente a como lo hace en los adultos. Esta falta de conocimiento es particularmente preocupante en países de ingresos medios y bajos como Colombia, en donde los sistemas de salud pueden no tener la infraestructura necesaria para recopilar y analizar datos de manera efectiva. Objetivo: Describir la supervivencia por infección por SARS CoV-2/ COVID-19 en población pediátrica diagnosticada en instituciones de salud de atención pediátrica colombianas. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo longitudinal con datos retrospectivos en pacientes menores de 17 años que consultaron en 23 instituciones de salud de Colombia entre enero de 2020 y diciembre 2020. Tamaño de la muestra: 23 pacientes. Resultados: Se registraron 23 casos de pacientes fallecidos por COVID-19 en la población pediátrica en Colombia. La mortalidad fue del 1,9%. El 60,9% de los pacientes fueron menores de 5 años. %, el 56,5% de sexo femenino, el 60,8% de los pacientes presentaban una condición clínica de base asociada y de estos el 17,4% presentaba malnutrición. El uso de antibióticos en casos de coinfección bacteriana se asoció con mayor supervivencia, mientras que el Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria (SDR) aguda y las convulsiones se relacionaron con una menor supervivencia con respecto al desenlace final. Conclusión: La mortalidad por COVID-19 en esta población fue del 1,9%, con una mayor prevalencia en pacientes de sexo femenino menores de 5 años con condición clínica de base asociada, principalmente estado de malnutrición. El síntoma cardinal de presentación fue la dificultad respiratoria y el 100% de los pacientes requirió soporte de oxígeno. El uso de antibióticos en casos de coinfección bacteriana se relacionó con mayor sobrevida, mientras que el síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda y las convulsiones contribuyeron a menor tiempo de supervivencia. La variable edad también fue significativa, encontrando mayor riesgo de llegar al desenlace final en menor tiempo en los pacientes menores de 5 años.
Campagnoli, Mabel Alicia (Comp.) (2023). Destellos de una biopolítica afirmativa: andar y desandar las violencias contemporáneas. Buenos Aires: Biblos, 231 páginas
Authors: Lucero Rodríguez Alaide 
Published: October 2024

Reseña sobre el libro Destellos de una biopolítica afirmativa: andar y desandar las violencias contemporáneas, compilado por Mabel Alicia Campagnoli. En este texto se presenta un recorrido de lectura crítica sobre los diferentes capítulos que componen el libro y las reflexiones que me han sucitado. El objetivo ha sido rastrear los hilos principales de la compilación, el marco que les une, así como la singularidad que aportan les diferentes autores.
Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents Analysis of North American ENDS
Authors: Smith Cameron , Jamison Brian , Jongsma Candice , Carter Karen , Wang Jiaming , Bates Austin , Ullah Sifat , Cook David , Gene Gillman I. 
Published: October 2024

Summary
The objective of this study was to create a North American e-cigarette, or electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS), market map representative of the 2020 and 2021 commercial market for analysis of harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) and other chemicals in aerosol. The study consisted of 14 brands (seven closed pod-based, four open (refillable) pod-based, two cigalike, one disposable) and analyzed multiple e-liquid formulations per brand with varying labelled nicotine concentrations and flavors, equating to 35 unique tested ENDS. Aerosol was generated using two puffing regimes (ISO 27068 and intense) and analyzed for primary constituents, metals, carbonyls, and glycidol in a head-to-head comparison in the same testing laboratory. Nicotine yields per puff ranged from 0.045 mg/puff for the lowest yielding ENDS under the ISO 27068 puffing regime to 1.11 mg/puff for the highest yielding ENDS under intense puffing conditions. For carbonyls, all ENDS generated quantifiable amounts of acetaldehyde, acrolein, and formaldehyde in collected aerosol, irrespective of puffing regime, with an increase in yields observed under intense puffing compared to ISO 27068 puffing for the majority of tested ENDS. For metals, the ENDS aerosol yielded nickel (Ni) ranging from below limits of detection (BLOD) to >30 ng/puff, while quantifiable levels of chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb) were only associated with select ENDS. All tested ENDS aerosol contained quantifiable glycidol ranging from 0.003 to >1.00 µg/puff for ISO 20768 and 0.005 to 1.10 µg/puff for intense puffing regimes. As a category, ENDS aerosol showed significantly reduced levels of HPHCs compared to 1R6F combustible cigarette (CC) smoke on a per nicotine basis. However, there was variability among ENDS and the aerosol of some ENDS products produced increased levels of specific HPHCs (e.g., formaldehyde and nickel) compared to 1R6F CC smoke. The observed HPHC variations appear to be primarily dependent on device design. In summary, this work is one of the most comprehensive analyses of HPHCs for North American ENDS using validated analytical methods in the same test facility for a head-to-head comparison.
Corporate Social Responsibility in the Missions and Visions of Research Institutes
Authors: Szulc Urszula , Bugaj Justyna 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
The concept of scientific social responsibility is appealed to in the context of research institutes more often than the concept of corporate social responsibility. Although the objective of research institutes is largely to act on behalf of the economy, for social good, and to support social activities and innovations, little research has been done on their sense of social responsibility. The aim of this article is to identify elements of social responsibility in the mission and vision of Polish research institutes (including both formal mission and vision statements, as well as informal “declarations” to similar effect). First, a critical analysis of the literature on the subject (66) was carried out, which served as the basis for developing a critical analysis of social responsibility in research institutes. This was followed by a content analysis of 88 mission and vision statements of Polish research institutes. The results, presented using R and WordArt, indicate that the missions and vision statements of Polish research institutes rarely include elements of social responsibility, despite the fact that members of the institutes’ community make such declarations. This implies the need for further research: 1) from the perspective of the institutes’ employees, concerning the diagnosis of informal activities that can be qualified as socially responsible activity; 2) from the perspective of the directors of research institutes. The purpose of further research should be to prepare recommendations that can be used in the development and implementation of the institutes’ strategies.
Stride Length and Torso Biomechanics As They Relate To Medial Elbow Injuries In Adolescent Aged Baseball pitchers: A Clinical Commentary
Authors: Dietz Zachary , DeWeese Dylan , Shaw Neil , Huth Cody , Ball Jacob , Reeves Victoria , Monti Ryan , Bitzel Ryan 
Published: October 2024

There is a limited amount of literature examining torso biomechanics and stride length while addressing their relationship to medial elbow injuries in the adolescent baseball pitcher. Anatomical changes, growth, early sport specialization, multiple team participation, mound distance, mound height, and high pitch counts place adolescent pitchers at an exceptionally higher risk for medial elbow injuries. Existing evidence indicates that decreased stride length and altered trunk rotation is correlated with increased medial elbow loading for the adolescent overhead athlete. Further research is required to quantify adequate parameters for torso kinematics, control, and their correlation to stride length, in order to positively affect the biomechanical transfer of energy and potentially prevent injuries during the overhead throwing motion. The purpose of this clinical commentary is to examine and summarize the role of torso biomechanics and stride length in relation to medial elbow injuries in adolescent baseball pitchers. Level of Evidence 5
IoT Attacks Detection Using Supervised Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Aljabri Malak , Shaahid Afrah , Alnasser Fatima , Saleh Asalah , Alomari Dorieh , Aboulnour Menna , Al-Eidarous Walla , Althubaity Areej 
Published: October 2024

In recent times, the growing significance of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in people's lives is undeniable, driven by their myriad benefits. However, these devices confront cybersecurity threats akin to traditional network devices, as they depend on networks for connectivity and synchronization. Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques, specifically Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL), have demonstrated notable reliability in the field of cyberattack detection. This study focuses on detecting Flood and Brute Force cyberattacks using Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) models. The primary emphasis lies in identifying traffic features that significantly detect these types of attacks. The experimental study incorporates eight models: Decision Tree (DT), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Logistic Regression (LR), Gradient Boosting (GB), Naïve Bayes (NB), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Two sets of experiments were conducted, with the first set involving six features and the subsequent set, after feature selection, focusing on a reduced set of three features. The evaluation of the proposed model's efficiency and performance relied on metrics such as Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1-score. Remarkably, all proposed models exhibited high performance in both sets of experiments. However, the Gradient Boosting (GB) classifier suppressed others, attaining an impressive accuracy level of 95.94% and 95.28% in the sets with six features and three features, respectively. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2024-05-03-01 Full Text: PDF
Digital Skills of Human Resources: Exploratory Research of Innovations in Enterprises
Authors: Pham Thi Thanh Hong , Ngoc Tran Thi Bich , Cuong Duong Manh , Binh Dao Thanh , Si Lam Tran 
Published: October 2024

Background: This study is conducted in the context of the remarkable development of digital technology that has a profound impact on many facets of life, including the comprehensive transformation of abilities and the working style of businesses and the workforce. To survive and develop in an emerging digital society and ever-changing digital environment, workers and business leaders need to equip themselves with the necessary digital skills to adapt to job requirements. Objective: This study explores the current status of the digital skills of human resources and its impact on the level of digital transformation readiness of Vietnamese enterprises. At the same time, the inverse relationship between digital skills and the digital divide was explored for the first time in Vietnam. Methodology: A secondary research method was used to summarize and analyze the results of surveys conducted by Vietnamese government agencies and previous studies to investigate the current status of digital skills of human resources and factors affecting the digital readiness of Vietnamese enterprises in the context of ongoing DX. Results: The results show that the digital skills of enterprise HR are weak, the level of DX readiness is low, and there is a reciprocal relationship between digital skills and the digital divide. The principal findings contribute to policy implications aimed at enhancing digital skills for the workforce and enterprises’ HR, and bridging the digital divide within the population in the long term. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2024-05-03-013 Full Text: PDF