bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Library in One Volume – The Notebook of the Nineteenth-Century Ismāʿīlī Scholar Sayyidī Muḥammad ʿAlī al-Hamdānī from Surat
Authors: Klemm Verena 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The focus of this article is the eminent Ismāʿīlī scholar Sayyidī Muḥammad ʿAlī al-Hamdānī (1833–98) and his private notebook, which over time he filled with a wide variety of content, ranging across religions, history, the sciences and mathematics, literature, and the occult. The multiple-text manuscript (majmūʿa) is part of the Hamdani Manuscript Collection, now at the Institute of Ismaili Studies in London (Ms. 1662). Al-Hamdānī, who is known as an important protagonist in the history of this family library, was also a “moving spirit” in the Daʿwa, the religious and political mission of the Ismāʿīlī Dāʾūdī Bohra Ṭayyibīs in Gujarat. As most of his epistles and his memoirs are not accessible and have not been researched until now, the notebook provides a preliminary testimony, opening a window to his intellectual world. In this article, this unique document is presented in its historical context and described in terms of its materiality, content and use. It is considered as a rich source of information about its owner and the literary holdings a nineteenth-century Bohra scholar could draw on. We also ask what role the personal manuscript might have played with respect to Muḥammad ʿAlī al-Hamdānī’s religious commitments in the Ṭayyibī Daʿwa.
A Jewish Gladiator at Pompeii: Reassessing the Evidence
Authors: Rocca Samuele 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article reconsiders the iconography of a gladiator helmet found at Pompeii, which is decorated with a relief depicting a palm tree on its forehead. New evidence demonstrates that this helmet can be reasonably associated with a Jew from Judea. The first part examines the difference between the palm branch awarded to victorious athletes and gladiators as a prize and the palm tree, which in Greco-Roman art was primarily understood as a geographic indicator. Given the dating of the helmet to slightly after the end of the Great Revolt and the fact that the Iudaea Capta coinage was minted in this period in large quantities, it is quite probable that the palm tree depicted on the helmet was a reference to Judea. The second part focuses on the griffin that decorates the crest. While images depicting animals were at odds with the tendency to aniconism, which became almost dominant in late Second Temple period Judea, a passage of the Tosefta and the relief of the Triumphal Arch of Titus, which depicts similar creatures, raise the possibility that this mythological creature could be associated with a Jew from Judea after all. The third part demonstrates that the owner of this helmet was a gladiator known as a thraex, who was typically armed with the sica. This weapon, in turn, could associate the owner of the helmet with the sicarii, a rebel group active in Judea in the last years of Roman rule and during the Great Revolt. The fact that the term sicarius is associated in Roman law with crimes often related to banditry could suggest that the owner of the helmet was sentenced to become a gladiator because of his activities as a Jewish rebel.
“This Tribute by an Irishman”
Authors: Öpengin Ergin , Çelik Adnan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Alan Ward, an Irishman newly graduated from Oxford, arrived in Diyarbakir in the autumn of 1960 to teach at an elite high school. Within four months of his stay, though, he was deported from Turkey due to his interest in Kurdish. Back in Europe, he wrote a poem about the Kurds and Diyarbakir in the Occitan language, with the title La Còrda Roja (The Red Rope) in reference to Kurds hanged under the Turkish state. Discovered by Kurdish solidarity movements in the mid-1960s, he was drawn into Kurdish language and literature studies and produced several works, part of which have remained unpublished in archives. This article introduces Alan Ward as a little-known protagonist of the Kurdology of the 1960s based on both published and unpublished works authored by him as well as his correspondence with Silvio van Rooy, the founder of the International Society Kurdistan.
Understanding Indian Doctors’ Attitudes Toward Alcohol Pharmacotherapy and Prescription: A Mediational Analysis
Authors: Ghosh Sanjukta , Modak Tamonud , Rozatkar Abhijit Ramdas 
Published: September 2024

Background: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) causes significant morbidity and mortality. Prescription of AUD pharmacotherapies remains low. Attitudes toward AUD pharmacotherapies influence their prescription rates. We conducted an online survey to assess how attitudes modulate the association between knowledge and prescription rates for four commonly used AUD medications among Indian clinicians. Methods: An online survey was sent nationwide to Indian physicians between February and April 2023 to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices of various AUD medications. An a priori model was defined to indicate the relationship between study variables. Bootstrapped correlation analysis was conducted to determine confidence intervals of the correlation coefficients between knowledge, attitudes, and prescription practices. Additional subgroup analysis was conducted for faculty and private psychiatrists to assess if they prescribed differently. Results: A total of 387 physicians responded to the survey. Bootstrapped correlation analysis indicated that safety and acceptability played a moderated prescription rates for acamprosate and naltrexone while they mediating role among faculty. For Disulfiram, perceived efficacy had a mediating effect, especially among private psychiatrists. Among faculty, perceived safety negatively mediated Disulfiram prescriptions. There was no indirect effect of attitudes on the association between knowledge and prescription practices for Baclofen. Conclusion: The role of attitudes varied across medications. For acamprosate and naltrexone, perceived safety and acceptability significantly moderated prescription rates. For Disulfiram, perceived efficacy played a significant mediating effect. Attitudes did not influence Baclofen prescriptions as a whole, but acceptability significantly mediated prescriptions for private psychiatrists. This might indicate that physicians prescribe Baclofen as an ineluctable option.
How disinhibition explains reward omission leadership
Authors: Jackson Chris , Criado-Perez Christian , Walker Benjamin R. , Purvee Anar 
Published: September 2024

Disinhibition is a lack of restraint manifesting as tactless, uncivil, and inappropriate behavior; reward omission leadership is the failure of a leader to reward desirable behavior. We hypothesize disinhibition is associated with reward omission leadership. We test this possibility by associating an objective measure of disinhibition and personality models of disinhibition with reward omission leadership. In S1 ( N = 166), the go/no-go task and personality models of disinhibition were generally associated with reward omission leadership. In S2 ( N = 176), using multi-actor ratings, personality models of disinhibition were generally associated with reward omission leadership. In S3 ( N = 91 junior managers; 273 employees), the tested personality model of disinhibition was associated with reward omission leadership using employee ratings from a non-Western organization. Results suggest disinhibition predicts reward omission leadership and sheds light on what is meant by disinhibition. JEL Classification: D23
An Authentic Learning Experience for Medical Students on Conducting a Family Meeting
Authors: Khawand-Azoulai Mariana , Kavensky Elisse , Sanchez Julia , Leyva Ileana M. , Ferrari Corinne , Soares Marcio , Zaw Khin M. , van Zuilen Maria H. 
Published: September 2024

Background Medical schools often lack training for serious illness conversations with patients and caregivers. We developed a curriculum in our elective Transitioning to Residency medical student course, focused on end-of-life discussions. This paper provides an overview of the curriculum and outcomes from an advanced preparation assignment and student evaluations. Methods The curriculum included a “hands-on” skills session delivered via Zoom. Small groups of students (3-4) assumed roles on an interprofessional team (Intensivist, cardiologist, nurse, social worker). They met with two adult children, played by palliative/geriatric clinical staff, of a 79-year-old patient with a complex cardiac history and on ventilator support to address: (1) the patient’s status, (2) goals of care, and (3) withdrawal of ventilator support. Using a flipped classroom format, students reviewed the case, role assignments, a family meeting webinar, and other materials in advance. They completed a survey reflecting on the upcoming family meeting. Afterwards, students evaluated the session. Results Eighty students (19.6%) participated in 2021 and 2022. The reflection survey shows students agreed the patient’s prognosis was poor and decision-making should be shared. They anticipated difficulty accepting prognosis, discordance between family members and/or the team, and challenging emotions. Results show a difference between the anticipated roles of the assigned physicians compared to the other disciplines. Post-session evaluations ranged from 4.7 to 4.9/5 (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree). Conclusion The pre-session reflection helped students prepare for their roles. The training was well received, and we hope it prepares students to take on serious illness discussions during residency.
Analysis of the Complications of Mandibular Cortical Bone with/without Particulate Artificial Bone Graft for Alveolar Cleft Reconstruction: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Pang Xuefei , Zhao Xinran , Xie Jiahui , Cai Ming 
Published: September 2024

Objectives To investigate postoperative complications in patients who underwent alveolar bone graft surgery using mandibular cortical bone (MCB) with/without particulate artificial bone (PAB). Design Retrospective study. Setting Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery in the hospital from August 2020 to August 2023. Patients Patients who underwent alveolar bone graft using MCB were reviewed. They were diagnosed with unilateral or bilateral alveolar cleft, and some of them developed postoperative complications after MCB with/without PAB repair surgery. Interventions No interventions. Main Outcome Measure(s) Complications. Results Complications occurred in 12 of 149 patients who underwent surgery (8.05%). Among these evaluated patients, 10 had surgical site infection, 8 had mucosal dehiscence, 2 had discharge of resorbable plate debris, and 6 had grafted bone necrosis. Patients with bilateral alveolar clefts were more likely to experience complications (P = 0.033). Conclusion MCB with/without PAB grafting is effective enough for patients to undergo reconstruction of the alveolar process.
Status of quality indicators in a mycobacteriology culture laboratory, Hawassa, Sidama, Ethiopia
Authors: Geda Wolde Abreham , Anticho Tariku Lambiyo , Ormago Moges Desta 
Published: September 2024

Objective: We aimed to assess performance parameters in a Hawassa Tuberculosis Culture Laboratory, in the Sidama Regional Public Health Institute. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between 27 October 2020 and 31 May 2021, on 439 clinical specimens. The specimens were processed using standard procedures, and the final suspension was inoculated into a Microbial Growth Indicator Tube and Lowenstein–Jensen media slant. Ziehl–Neelsen staining and the Bioline test kit were used to identify and confirm Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The data were analyzed using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 26). Results: Out of a total of 439 specimens that were processed, the recovery rates for smear-positive specimens were 61% (25 out of 41) and 58.5% (24 out of 41) for the Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tube, and the Lowenstein–Jensen methods, respectively. For smear-negative samples, the recovery rates were 4.5% (18 out of 398) for both methods. Only 4 (0.9%) specimens were rejected. The mean turnaround times to detect mycobacteria from smear-positive samples were 14 and 32 days for the Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tube and Lowenstein–Jensen methods, respectively. The standard deviations were ±6.3 days and ±9.7 days, respectively. For smear-negative samples, the mean turnaround times were 17.7 and 31 days for the Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tube and Lowenstein–Jensen methods, respectively. The standard deviations were ±9.2 days and ±9.6 days, respectively. The contamination rates for the Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tube and Lowenstein–Jensen methods were 9.8% (43 out of 439) and 9.6% (42 out of 439), respectively. The detection rate of nontuberculosis mycobacteria was 1.4% (6 out of 439). Conclusion: It demands attention to improve the low recovery rate among smear-negative cultures and culture contamination rates.
Implementing an early-life nutrition intervention through primary healthcare: staff perspectives
Authors: Osorio Natalie Garzon , Vik Frøydis Nordgård , Helle Christine , Hillesund Elisabet Rudjord , Øverby Nina Cecilie , Helland Sissel H. , Love Penelope , Barker Mary Elizabeth , van Daele Wim , Abel Marianne Hope , Rutter Harry , Bjørkkjær Tormod , Gebremariam Mekdes Kebede , Lian Henrik , Medin Anine Christine 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Nutrition interventions targeting early childhood can be cost-effective and may provide lifelong, intergenerational benefits. From October 2022 to April 2023 the Nutrition Now (NN) e-learning resource was implemented within Early Childhood Education and Care centres and the Maternal and Child Healthcare Centre (MCHC) in a southern Norwegian municipality. As part of the NN project, the present study aims to explore the MCHC staff’s experiences with implementing the NN resource, to gain insights into measures important to scale up digital early-life nutrition interventions.

Methods
Three group interviews were conducted among public health nurses and midwives alongside one individual interview with the department leader of a MCHC in May 2023. An inductive thematic analysis, as described by Braun and Clarke, was conducted to generate the key themes and subthemes regarding the implementation process of NN within the MCHC.

Results
Three main themes were generated: [1] Important resource but not always utilized; [2] Parents are interested but had issues with access; and [3] Staff and stakeholder buy-in and commitment needed from the start. Overall, the staff viewed the NN resource as a potential tool for promoting diet-related topics and believed it could support the guidance they were already providing parents. However, few staff members fully familiarized themselves with the resource. While staff perceived parents as positive when informed about NN, they believed issues such as access challenges, competing platforms, and time constraints reduced parental engagement. Lastly, staff suggested improvements for NN’s implementation, including enhanced training, better planning, assigning champions, and lowering the threshold for access.

Conclusion
The findings of this study suggest that the real-world implementation of digital evidence-based health behaviour interventions is feasible but would be enhanced by employing strategies focusing on engagement and utilization.

Trial registration
The main study is registered in the ISRCTN registry with ID ISRCTN10694967, https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN10694967. (Registration date: 19-06-2022).
Anatomy, digital radiography and cone-beam computed tomography of Western European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) skull
Authors: Ruszkowski Jakub Jędrzej , Zdun Maciej , Arciszewski Marcin Bartłomiej 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) are small insectivorous mammals common in Europe. With increased urbanization, the species become more frequent in the cities and near other human dwellings. The anatomy of the species with the use of diagnostic imaging techniques along with the classical anatomical methodology has not been researched before. In addition to the description of this species' skull, the data may contribute to progress in hedgehog medicine, delivering a basis for diagnosing and treating head trauma in this species.

Results
Cadavers of 30 European hedgehogs have been used to study the anatomy of the head of the species. Along with classical anatomical techniques – latex and corrosion cast specimens, x-ray, and cone-bean computed tomography scans were performed. The methods were then compared, and the detailed anatomy of the head was described. The skull of the Western European hedgehog was elongated and oval in shape, and could be divided into two distinct regions: one formed of neurocranial bones and the other of facial bones. The neurocranium was composed of the following bones: the occipital, interparietal, parietal, frontal, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and pterygoid bones. The following facial bones were identified: the incisive, nasal, maxilla, zygomatic, palatine, vomer, and the mandible. The most important findings include the primitive tympanic bullae, the absence of a supraorbital foramen, and the lacrimal bones, which were indistinguishably fused with the maxillae.

Conclusions
The results of the study may be used in future research on the comparative anatomy of the other members of the Eulipotyphla order. With the increase of hedgehogs in the cities, it is important to establish new diagnostic and treatment protocols for wildlife rehabilitation centers. Anatomical and radiological descriptions may be used as a base for such work. The anatomical features of the hedgehog skull described in the study may prove useful for further studies from a comparative anatomical perspective. Additionally, the data may serve as a basis for developing identification guidelines for archaeological studies and forensic research.
Why are healthcare professionals leaving NHS roles? A secondary analysis of routinely collected data
Authors: Leary Alison , Maxwell Elaine , Myers Rebecca , Punshon Geoffrey 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundMuch policy attention focuses on increasing the supply of workers in the English NHS but there has been less attention paid to the rise in leavers. This paper seeks to explore how existing data sets can illuminate the decision-making of leavers and inform actions that could mitigate this.MethodSecondary analysis of routinely collected data from 79 workforce projects in the UK (n = 46 339 participants) over a 4-year (2019–2023) period was undertaken. Free text data we extracted and analysed using content analysis, sentiment analysis and text mining. Inclusion criteria were those who stated they had resigned, had confirmed retirement date, and had secured employment elsewhere either within or without the sector but had not yet resigned. Exclusion criteria were those who had not indicated they were leaving or indicated intention to leave. These findings were then compared with themes from Herzberg’s work hygiene theory and Hoffat and Woods’s professional practice environment theory.ResultsMultiple reasons were given for leaving. Findings were congruent with Herzberg’s two factor work hygiene theory and demonstrate that leavers are driven by the inability to meet their intrinsic motivation to practice according to their professional standards as much as by terms and conditions. Leavers describe suboptimal professional practice environments which produce obstacles to achieving their work objectives and leaving their intrinsic motivation frustrated.ConclusionWhilst reasons for leaving differ between people, there is a relationship between intrinsic motivation (why they want to do the job) and the conditions in which they try to do the job. This study suggests that looking beyond the primary reason for leaving given in the national dataset could identify how the practice environment influences the decision.
Miniaturized protein profiling permits targeted signaling pathway analysis in individual circulating tumor cells to improve personalized treatment
Authors: Rivandi Mahdi , Franken André , Yang Liwen , Abramova Anna , Stamm Nadia , Eberhardt Jens , Gierke Berthold , Beer Meike , Fehm Tanja , Niederacher Dieter , Pawlak Michael , Neubauer Hans 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Traditional genomic profiling and mutation analysis of single cells like Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) fails to capture post-translational and functional alterations of proteins, often leading to limited treatment efficacy. To overcome this gap, we developed a miniaturized ‘protein analysis on the single cell level’ workflow—baptized ZeptoCTC. It integrates established technologies for single-cell isolation with sensitive Reverse Phase Protein Array (RPPA) analysis, thus enabling the comprehensive assessment of multiple protein expression and activation in individual CTCs.

Methods
The ZeptoCTC workflow involves several critical steps. Firstly, individual cells are labeled and isolated. This is followed by cell lysis and the printing of true single cell lysate preparations onto a ZeptoChip using a modified micromanipulator, CellCelector™. The printed lysates then undergo fluorescence immunoassay RPPA protein detection using a ZeptoReader. Finally, signal quantification is carried out with Image J software, ensuring precise measurement of multiple protein levels.

Results
The efficacy of ZeptoCTC was demonstrated through various applications. Initially, it was used for measuring EpCAM protein expression, a standard marker for CTC detection, revealing higher levels in single MCF-7 over MDA-MB-231 tumor cells. Furthermore, in Capivasertib (Akt-inhibitor)-treated MCF-7 single cells, ZeptoCTC detected a 2-fold increase in the pAkt/Akt ratio compared to control cells, and confirmed co-performed bulk-cell western blot analysis results. Notably, when applied to individual CTCs from metastasized breast cancer patients, ZeptoCTC revealed significant differences in protein activation levels, particularly in measured pAkt and pErk levels, compared to patient-matched WBCs. Moreover, it successfully differentiated between CTCs from patients with different Akt1 genotypes, highlighting its potential to determine the activation status of druggable cancer driving proteins for individual and targeted treatment decision making.

Conclusions
The ZeptoCTC workflow represents a valuable tool in single cell cancer research, crucial for personalized medicine. It permits detailed analysis of key proteins and their activation status of targeted, cancer-driven signaling pathways in single cell samples, aiding in understanding tumor response, progression, and treatment efficacy beyond bulk analysis. The method significantly advances clinical investigations in cancer, improving treatment precision and effectiveness. The workflow will be applicable to protein analysis on other types of single cells like relevant in stem cell, neuropathology and hemopoietic cell research.