bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Academic Functioning and Peer Influences: A Short‐Term Longitudinal Study of Network–Behavior Dynamics in Middle Adolescence
Authors: Rambaran J. Ashwin , Hopmeyer Andrea , Schwartz David , Steglich Christian , Badaly Daryaneh , Veenstra René 
Published: August 2016

In this study, the associations between peer effects and academic functioning in middle adolescence (N = 342; 14–15 years old; 48% male) were investigated longitudinally. Similarity in achievement (grade point averages) and unexplained absences (truancy) was explained by both peer selection and peer influence, net of acceptance, and connectedness. Friendships were formed and maintained when adolescents had low levels of achievement or high levels of truancy. Friends influenced one another to increase rather than decrease in achievement and truancy. Moreover, friends’ popularity moderated peer influences in truancy in reciprocal friendships but not in unilateral friendships, whereas friends’ acceptance moderated peer influences in achievement in both unilateral and reciprocal friendships. The findings illustrate the dynamic interplay between peer effects and academic functioning.
Dynamin‐Related Protein 1 Promotes Mitochondrial Fission and Contributes to The Hippocampal Neuronal Cell Death Following Experimental Status Epilepticus
Authors: Chen Shang‐Der , Zhen Yen‐Yi , Lin Jui‐Wei , Lin Tsu‐Kung , Huang Chin‐Wei , Liou Chia‐Wei , Chan Samuel H.H. , Chuang Yao‐Chung 
Published: August 2016

SummaryAimsProlonged seizure activity may result in mitochondrial dysfunction and lead to cell death in the hippocampus. Mitochondrial fission may occur in an early stage of neuronal cell death. This study examined the role of the mitochondrial fission protein dynamin‐related protein 1 (Drp1) in the hippocampus following status epilepticus.MethodsKainic acid (KA) was microinjected unilaterally into the hippocampal CA3 area in Sprague Dawley rats to induce prolonged seizure activity. Biochemical analysis, electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence staining were performed to evaluate the subsequent molecular and cellular events. The effects of pretreatment with a mitochondrial fission protein inhibitor, Mdivi‐1 (2 nmol), were also evaluated.ResultsPhosphorylation of Drp1 at serine 616 (p‐Drp1(Ser616)) was elevated from 1 to 24 h after the elicited seizure activity. Pretreatment with Mdivi‐1 decreased the Drp1 phosphorylation at Ser616 and limited the mitochondrial fission. Mdivi‐1 rescued the Complex I dysfunction, decreased the levels of oxidized proteins, decreased the activation of cytochrome c/caspase‐3 signaling, and blunted cell death in CA3 neurons.ConclusionOur findings suggest that activation of p‐Drp1(Ser616) is related to seizure‐induced neuronal damage. Modulation of p‐Drp1(Ser616) expression is accompanied by decreases in mitochondrial fission, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidation, providing a neuroprotective effect against seizure‐induced hippocampal neuronal damage.
All that glitters is not gold: prevalence and relevance of psychotic‐like experiences in clinical sample of children and adolescents aged 8–17 years old
Authors: Pontillo Maria , De Luca Maria , Pucciarini Maria Laura , Vicari Stefano , Armando Marco 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimRecent studies have examined the prevalence of psychotic‐like experiences (PLEs) and their relationship with functioning, psychopathology and distress in adult and mixed young adult and adolescent samples. There is, however, a lack of knowledge about the prevalence and clinical weight of PLEs in clinical child and adolescent (CAD) populations. Available research has primarily been conducted on community populations, and even clinical samples mostly used self‐reported questionnaires. These studies also recruited participants 12 years old and older, with a consequent lack of information on children from 8 to 11 years old. We examined the prevalence of PLEs and their relationship with psychiatric diagnosis, functioning, intelligence quotient (IQ), anxiety and depressive symptoms in a clinical sample aged 8–17 years old.MethodsThe study was conducted on a clinical sample of 46 CAD with PLEs compared to a clinical sample of 60 CAD without PLEs. The two groups were compared on global, social and role functioning, IQ, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and number of psychiatric diagnoses.ResultsGlobal, role and social functioning were significantly lower in the CAD clinical sample with PLEs. These significant differences were maintained when the covariate IQ, number of psychiatric diagnoses or level of anxiety or depression was added. No significant age‐related differences in the presence of PLEs were found.ConclusionThe findings of this study show that PLEs are common in a clinical sample of CAD, even those under 12 years old. The presence of PLEs should therefore be investigated and considered in planning treatment of non‐psychotic psychiatric disorders in CAD.
What general medicine students of University of Rijeka know about dental avulsion?
Authors: Ivancic Jokic N. , Bakarcic D. , Grzic R. , Majstorovic M. , Sostarek M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIntroductionInjuries of decidouos and premanent teeth can be rather hard, esspecially in combinatin if they involve adjacent supportive tissue. Among all injuries, the loss of the teeth is considered the most stressful for both a child and its parents. Tooth injury usually involves soft tissue damage, which means severe bleeding. As parents often look for help from their family general practitioners, it is very important that general practitioner is acquainted with the first aid in order to preserve the tooth and enable further skeletal development.Materials and methodsThis study was carried out in the form of a questionnaire, which was distributed among general medical students at the Medical studies of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Rijeka, Croatia. The study included 86 pre‐doctoral students of the 3rd, 4th and 5th years of studies. The questionnaire consisted of 23 questions, which were related to demographics, personal experience in treating dental injuries, theoretical knowledge about dental injuries and their interest in additional training on the subject.ResultsThe results showed that only 32.6% of the students heard of ‘tooth avulsion’. Replacement of the avulsed tooth in its original position in the jaw was considered by 77.6% of the students. In their entire education, 84.9% students didn't acquire any knowledge about dental injuries.ConclusionThe study showed that medical students have very poor knowledge about dental injuries. Also, the vast majority of the students were neither informed nor educated about it during their studies.
miRNA miR‐17‐92 cluster is differentially regulated in the imiqumod‐treated skin but is not required for imiqumod‐induced psoriasis‐like dermatitis in mice
Authors: Wu Dinghong , Bi Xinling , Qu Le , Han Ling , Yin Congcong , Deng Jingwen , Dong Zheng , Mi Qing‐Sheng , Zhou Li 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) play very important roles in the control of immune cell and keratinocyte development and function and are implicated in skin inflammatory diseases, including psoriasis. miRNA miR‐17‐92 was reported to promote the differentiation of Th1 and Th1 cells and to regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis. Here we showed that imiquimod (IMQ) differentially regulates the expression of miR‐17‐92 cluster in the mouse skin, upregulating miR‐17 and miR‐19 families and downregulating miR‐92. To investigate whether miR‐17‐92 cluster is functionally involved in the psoriasis, we have generated three mutant mice with specific deletion or overexpression of miR‐17‐92 cluster in keratinocytes, or with deletion of miR‐17‐92 cluster in T cells. Interestingly, deletion or overexpression of miR‐17‐92 cluster in keratinocytes, or deletion of miR‐17‐92 in T cells did not significantly affect IMQ‐induced psoriasis‐like dermatitis development in the mutant mice compared with wild‐type littermates. Thus, miRNA miR‐17‐92 cluster may not be a key factor regulating imiqumod‐induced psoriasis‐like dermatitis.
Native English Speakers’ Perception of Arabic Emphatic Consonants and the Influence of Vowel Context
Authors: Hayes‐Harb Rachel , Durham Kristie 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNative English speakers experience difficulty acquiring Arabic emphatic consonants. Arabic language textbooks have suggested that learners focus on adjacent vowels for cues to these consonants; however, the utility of such a strategy has not been empirically tested. This study investigated the perception of Arabic emphatic‐plain contrasts by means of cross‐language vowel identification and perceptual discrimination tasks. It was found that native English speakers relied more on following vowels than on the consonants themselves when discriminating Arabic emphatic and plain consonants, and that their accuracy was greatest when the following vowel was /æ/, followed by /u/ and /i/. The cross‐language vowel identification task revealed that Arabic /æ/ was identified as a systematically different English vowel (/ɑ/) when following emphatics than when following plain consonants (/æ/), while Arabic /i/ and /u/ failed to exhibit a differential identification pattern. Together these findings indicate that following vowel quality moderates Arabic emphatic consonant perception by English speakers, who may exploit their sensitivity to the English /ɑ/‐/æ/ contrast to perceive emphatic‐plain contrasts in the context of Arabic /æ/. However, such a strategy is less likely to be successful when the following vowel is /i/ or /u/. Implications and pedagogical suggestions for the teaching of Arabic to native speakers of English are offered.
Health‐related quality of life of older Asian patients with multimorbidity in primary care in a developed nation
Authors: Quah Joanne Hui Min , Wang Pei , Ng Roderica Rui Ge , Luo Nan , Tan Ngiap Chuan 
Published: August 2016

AimOlder adults are susceptible to two or more chronic ailments or multimorbidity. The present study aimed to establish the relationship between multimorbidity and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) amongst Asian elderly patients in primary care in a developed nation. It also assessed how functional disability and chronic musculoskeletal pain are associated with HRQoL.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was carried out in a Singapore public primary care clinic. An interviewer‐administered questionnaire was used to collect data on chronic disease profile, HRQoL (using the European Quality of Life 5 Dimension), basic activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, musculoskeletal pain and sociodemographic characteristics. The association of multimorbidity, functional disability and chronic musculoskeletal pain with HRQoL was assessed using multivariate linear regression analysis.ResultsA total of 498 outpatients aged 65 years and older with multimorbidity were enrolled. Their mean age was 73.9 years, and approximately 75% had between two and four chronic conditions. The most commonly reported chronic conditions were hypertension (86.1%), hyperlipidemia (80.7%), diabetes (40.2%) and arthritis (33.3%). The European Quality of Life 5 Dimension index score decreased significantly when the number of comorbidities was more than five. Chronic hip and knee pain, one or more “dependent” activities of daily living dimensions and two or more “dependent” IADL dimensions were independently associated with worse HRQoL.ConclusionsMultimorbidity is associated with poorer HRQoL amongst older adults in Singapore. Review of chronic musculoskeletal pain and functional disabilities should be integrated into the comprehensive assessment of older adults in an enhanced model of primary care to improve the HRQoL of these older patients.Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1429–1437.
Near falls predict substantial falls in older adults: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Nagai Koutatsu , Yamada Minoru , Komatsu Miyuki , Tamaki Akira , Kanai Mizuki , Miyamoto Toshiaki , Tsukagoshi Rui , Tsuboyama Tadao 
Published: August 2016

AimLittle is known about the relationship between near falls and substantial falls in older adults. Clarifying this relationship would be helpful to assess fall risk in greater detail. The purpose of the present study was to clarify whether near falls predict future falls.MethodsThis was designed to be a prospective cohort study. Participants were recruited from a community apartment for older adults. After a baseline physical assessment, participants were asked to record the incidence of near falls in a diary for 3 months. After the survey period, participants were followed for 6 months by telephone contact every 2 months. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analyze the association between near falls and falls.ResultsA total of 60 participants were included in the analysis. During the initial 3 months, 23 participants (38%) experienced near falls. Eight participants (13%) experienced substantial falls during the following 6 months. Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for age, body mass index, sex and physical frailty showed that experience of near falls (hazards regression 6.0, 95% confidence intervals 1.1–31.7; P < 0.05) was significantly associated with incidence of future falls.ConclusionsExperience of near falls among older adults is an independent predictor of substantial falls irrespective of the physical frailty status. Clinicians might need to focus on near falls to appropriately assess the fall risk in older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1477–1480.
Air contamination during hemodialysis should be minimized
Authors: Stegmayr Bernd 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDuring preparation of the hemodialysis (HD) extracorporeal circuit (ECC) a priming solution is used to remove air from the tubes and dialyzer. Ultra sound techniques have verified micro embolic signals (MES) in the ECC that may derive from clots or gas embolies. In vitro studies could clarify that embolies of air develop within the ECC and also pass the safety systems such as air traps and enter the venous line that goes into the patient. Clinical studies have confirmed the presence of MES within the ECC that pass into the return—venous—line during conventional HD without inducing an alarm. In addition, studies confirmed that such MES were present within the AV fistula and subclavian vein, but also detected within the carotid artery. Autopsy studies revealed the presence of gas embolies surrounded by clots within the lung but also brain and myocardial tissue. This review will focus on how the MES develop and measures of how the exposure can be limited.
Immunohistochemistry for trimethylated H3K27 in the diagnosis of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours
Authors: Asano Naofumi , Yoshida Akihiko , Ichikawa Hitoshi , Mori Taisuke , Nakamura Masaya , Kawai Akira , Hiraoka Nobuyoshi 
Published: August 2016

AimsThe diagnosis of a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST) can be challenging, as the morphological criteria and existing immunohistochemical markers are not entirely specific. The recent discovery of frequent inactivation of polycomb repressive complex 2 in MPNSTs suggests that immunohistochemical detection of histone 3 trimethylated on lysine 27 (H3K27me3) could be of diagnostic help. This study aimed to clarify the utility of this marker.Methods and resultsWe performed immunostaining studies, with monoclonal (C36B11) and polyclonal antibodies in parallel. With the monoclonal antibody, 56% of 54 conventional MPNSTs showed complete loss of staining, whereas 17% showed mosaic loss and 28% showed intact staining. Three MPNSTs showed a novel geographical pattern of complete loss. All three epithelioid MPNSTs retained intact staining. Among 232 non‐MPNSTs, only two (0.9%) showed complete loss of staining. Mosaic loss was observed in 38% of non‐MPNSTs, whereas the remaining 61% retained intact staining. For conventional MPNSTs, complete loss of H3K27me3 was significantly associated with a higher TNM stage (P = 0.013), a deeper location (P = 0.004), and the presence of heterologous differentiation (P = 0.003). Polyclonal antibodies did not recognize 34% of cases that showed complete loss with the use of monoclonal antibodies.ConclusionsWe confirmed that complete loss of H3K27me3 immunohistochemical staining is moderately sensitive and highly specific for MPNSTs. In contrast to prior studies, we found that mosaic loss of H3K27me3 staining is non‐specific, and caution that such a pattern should not be considered to be diagnostic. We recommend the use of a monoclonal antibody to obtain better performance.
Factors of detection of Bacillus cereus strains in eye cream
Authors: Yossa N. , Arce G. , Huang M.‐C. J. , Yin L. , Brown E. , Hammack T. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBacillus cereus has been associated with clinical infections and is also the cause of post‐traumatic endophthalmitis as well as endogenous eye infections, which can result in blindness. Cosmetics, although preserved, can be contaminated during manufacture or use and thus cause serious health issues.ObjectiveWe investigated the detection factors of Bacillus in eye cream preserved with parabens, including the non‐ionic surfactants used as neutralizers such as Tween 80, a blend of Tween 60 and Span 80, Tween 20 and selective media.MethodsEye‐cream samples were first mixed with neutralizers and individually inoculated with B. cereus strains, B. mycoides, B. subtilis or B. thuringiensis at a final concentration of 5 log CFU per g. The inoculated samples with and without neutralizers were analysed after 30 min and during 84‐day storage at room temperature. Presumptive colonies of Bacillus were enumerated on the varieties of Bacillus agar by spiral‐plating techniques and most probable number (MPN) method.ResultsThe recovery counts of all Bacillus strains were between 4.10 and 4.58 log CFU per g in samples with Tween 80 and from 3.62 to 4.53 CFU per g in samples with TS after 30 min. Tween 20 was the least effective neutralizer. The challenged organisms, in samples without neutralizer, B. subtilis ATCC 15563 and B. cereus 4227A were detected at 1.83 and 1.49 log CFU per g after 30 min, respectively.ConclusionThis study showed that Tween 80 was the best neutralizer for reducing the antimicrobial effect of parabens. BACARA® and R&F plating media showed typical reaction of Bacillus cereus strains.
Climate Change, Agriculture and Water Resources in the Southwestern United States
Authors: Elias Emile , Rango Al , Smith Ryann , Maxwell Connie , Steele Caiti , Havstad Kris 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn February 2014 the USDA established regional climate hubs across the United States to assist farmers, ranchers and foresters in adapting to the effects of climate change. The Southwest (SW) region encompasses six states which provide highly diverse agricultural crops including cotton, stone fruit and grapes. Here we report on the hydrologic context within which SW working landowners operate, with focus on regional water resources and likely impacts of climate change. Water is a critical component of agricultural vulnerability in the SW, where high agricultural production can occur with sufficient irrigation. Since 1978, crop yield declines were reported on 11–21% of total irrigated acres, mostly due to surface water shortage. Southwestern agriculture relies on groundwater, using it to supply at least one‐third of the agricultural water demand across the region since 1955. Regional groundwater use varies over time, with a decline in the agricultural groundwater fraction in Arizona, but an increase in the fraction in Nevada and Utah. Observed and predicted changes in the southwestern hydrologic cycle can impact regional agriculture. Observed records show an increase in the fraction of precipitation falling as rain, which is expected to continue with future warming, and decrease the natural high‐mountain storage reservoir provided by snowpack. Warming causes the snowmelt to peak earlier in the season than observed in historical records, and can reduce water available to crops during the summer months without additional water storage. Observed records indicate streamflow has shifted earlier in the year, most notably in snow dominated watersheds. A continuation of this trend may challenge regional agriculture by further limiting water supplies.
Economic Value of Nature and Ecosystems in the Delaware River Basin
Authors: Kauffman Gerald J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe Delaware River basin is a valuable ecological and economic resource that supplies drinking water to five percent of the population of the United States. Located in Delaware, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania, the basin supplies drinking water to the nation's first (New York City) and seventh (Philadelphia) largest metropolitan economies, and supports the largest freshwater port in the world while sustaining a recovering anadromous shad and striped bass fishery. The Delaware basin contributes over $22 billion in annual economic activity from potential Marcellus Shale gas extraction ($425 million), recreation ($1.2 billion), fish/wildlife ($1.5 billion), public parks ($1.8 billion), water quality ($2.5 billion), navigation ($2.6 billion), agriculture ($3.4 billion), water supply ($3.8 billion), and forest ($5.1 billion) benefits. The value of natural goods and services from Delaware basin ecosystems is $21 billion ($2010) with net present value of $683 billion with contributions from Delaware ($2.5 billion), New Jersey ($6.6 billion), New York ($3.5 billion), and Pennsylvania ($8.6 billion). The Delaware basin supports 600,000 direct/indirect jobs with $10 billion in wages in the coastal, farm, ecotourism, water/wastewater, ports, and recreation industries. This research demonstrates that the Delaware River basin provides significant economic benefits to the region and is worthy of priority investments by elected officials and decision‐makers to protect and restore these natural resources.