bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the sociology of identities and selves with discursive resources
Authors: Cousineau Matthew J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn recent years, a growing body of multidisciplinary research has used the concept of the discursive resource. Discursive psychologists, communications scholars, and sociologists have all used this concept. Discursive resources are clusters of categories supplied by culture that present explanations for past and future activities, provide individual and collective identities for self‐construction, and enable and constrain texts. In this essay, I describe how this research contributes to sociological theorizing of identity, and make some recommendations for researchers who wish to use these concepts or improve these concepts. Studies using the concept of the discursive resource contribute to sociological theorizing of identity by showing how discursive resources are related to important features of social life such as future talk; collective identities; space and time; and complex and political divisions of labor, culture, and postmodernity. I then conclude by suggesting that future research analyze the social distribution of discursive resources across different kinds of social environments.
Tectonic indentation in the central Alboran Sea (westernmost Mediterranean)
Authors: Estrada Ferran , Galindo‐Zaldívar Jesús , Vázquez Juan Tomás , Ercilla Gemma , D'Acremont Elia , Alonso Belén , Gorini Christian 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe Alboran Sea constitutes a Neogene–Quaternary basin of the Betic–Rif Cordillera, which has been deformed since the Late Miocene during the collision between the Eurasian and African plates in the westernmost Mediterranean. NNE–SSW sinistral and WNW–ESE dextral conjugate fault sets forming a 75° angle surround a rigid basement spur of the African plate, and are the origin of most of the shallow seismicity of the central Alboran Sea. Northward, the faults decrease their transcurrent slip, becoming normal close to the tip point, while NNW–SSE normal and sparse ENE–WSW reverse to transcurrent faults are developed. The uplifting of the Alboran Ridge ENE–WSW antiform above a detachment level was favoured by the crustal layering. Despite the recent anticlockwise rotation of the Eurasian–African convergence trend in the westernmost Mediterranean, these recent deformations—consistent with indenter tectonics characterised by a N164°E trend of maximum compression—entail the highest seismic hazard of the Alboran Sea.
Perceptions on Healthy Eating, Nutrition and Obesity among Select Groups of the Population in Trinidad
Authors: Singh-Ackbarali Dimple , Maharaj Rohanie 
Published: October 2017

This paper examined local self-reported perceptions on healthy eating, nutrition and obesity among select groups of the population and how these varied with gender, age, socioeconomic status/professional/educational training, and ethnicity. 97% of participant volunteers believed that what you eat is one of the most important factors for maintaining health, there were a number of attitudinal and perceived environmental barriers to healthy eating and increasing physical activity. Results showed that while 85.8% of participant volunteers declared that they would like to get in better shape 65.8% reported that they are currently trying to improve their weight and 48.3% confessed to having poor or only ok eating habits. Busy schedule, cost of healthy foods and lack of convenience to eat or shop healthy were found to be the main barriers to healthy eating. There are significant differences in these barriers for the different age categories. The lack of motivation to do physical activity, insufficient support from friends, and lack of time to do physical activity were the main barriers to physical activity. The difference between the different age categories were significant for several of the barriers while the difference between males and females was only significant for one barrier. Finally it was found that the perceived barriers to healthy eating and physical activity did not vary by socio-economic status or overweight status. A limitation of this study was that the barriers were not assessed objectively, but rather through self-reports. It can be concluded that more efficient measure to reduce obesity might require a shift away from the traditional focus on individual behavior change towards strategies which deal with the environment in which such behaviors occur. The successful challenge to obesity therefore lies not in interventions at the individual level but in the public policy domain.
Nurse initiated protocols for spontaneous breathing trials in adult intensive care unit patients: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Starnes Elizabeth , Palokas Michelle 
Published: October 2017

Review objectives/questions:
The objectives of this scoping review are to explore the existing literature regarding protocols initated by nurses for a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) in adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients, to examine and conceptually map the evidence, and to identify any gaps in the literature.
The questions of this review are:What outcomes have been reported with the use of protocols initiated by nurses for Spontaneous Breathing Trials in the adult ICU patient?What elements are found in protocols initiated by nurses for Spontaneous Breathing Trials in the adult ICU patient?
Competition Level Not Associated With Diet Quality in Marching Artists
Authors: McConnell Colleen , McPherson Alyssa , Woolf Kathleen 
Published: October 2017

Marching artists are a unique group of athletes whose performance can be influenced by nutrition. Because physical demands are thought to be moderate to high, adequate energy and a variety of nutrient-dense foods are needed. The purpose of this study was to examine diet quality, physical activity, and eating behavior of marching artists across elite and nonelite competition levels. This cross-sectional analysis used the validated National Cancer Institute Diet History Questionnaire II, International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and Eating Behavior Patterns Questionnaire. Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2010. Marching artists who participated in marching band in 2015 were eligible. Those in Drum Corps International (DCI) were considered part of the elite level; all others were considered nonelite. Chi-square analyses assessed associations between categorical variables and competition level, and independent sample t-tests assessed differences between continuous variables among competition level. Participants (n = 323) included 228 (71%) DCI members and 95 (29%) non-DCI members who reported a mean age of 19.8 ± 1.9 years. DCI members reported higher physical activity levels (p < 0.001) and fewer meal-skipping behaviors compared to non-DCI members (p < 0.001). The overall mean HEI score was 58.8 ± 10.3, with no difference between competition levels. Only one participant overall (<1%) met the recommended intake level of whole grains. Additionally, 2% of participants met the sodium restriction recommendation and 7% met the empty calorie upper limit. Suboptimal diet quality combined with high levels of physical activity is a problem for marching artists that should be addressed through carefully planned interventions.
Improving Mobility Performance in Wheelchair Basketball
Authors: Veeger Thom T.J. , de Witte Annemarie M.H. , Berger Monique A.M. , van der Slikke Rienk M.A. , Veeger Dirkjan (H.E.J.) , Hoozemans Marco J.M. 
Published: October 2017

Objective: This study aimed to investigate which characteristics of athlete, wheelchair and athlete-wheelchair interface are the best predictors of wheelchair basketball mobility performance. Design: A total of 60 experienced wheelchair basketball players performed a wheelchair mobility performance test to assess their mobility performance. To determine which variables were the best predictors of mobility performance, forward stepwise linear regression analyses were performed on a set of 33 characteristics, including 10 athlete, 19 wheelchair, and 4 athlete-wheelchair interface characteristics. Results: A total of 8 of the characteristics turned out to be significant predictors of wheelchair basketball mobility performance. Classification, experience, maximal isometric force, wheel axis height, and hand rim diameter—which both are interchangeable with each other and wheel diameter—camber angle, and the vertical distance between shoulder and rear wheel axis—which was interchangeable with seat height—were positively associated with mobility performance. The vertical distance between the front seat and the footrest was negatively associated with mobility performance. Conclusion: With this insight, coaches and biomechanical specialists are provided with statistical findings to determine which characteristics they could focus on best to improve mobility performance. Six out of 8 predictors are modifiable and can be optimized to improve mobility performance. These adjustments could be carried out both in training (maximal isometric force) and in wheelchair configurations (eg, camber angle).
Permanent Draft Genome Sequences for
Mesorhizobium
sp. Strains LCM 4576, LCM 4577, and ORS3428, Salt-Tolerant, Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria Isolated from Senegalese Soils
Authors: Diagne Nathalie , Swanson Erik , Pesce Céline , Fall Fatoumata , Diouf Fatou , Bakhoum Niokhor , Fall Dioumacor , Faye Mathieu Ndigue , Oshone Rediet , Simpson Stephen , Morris Krystalynne , Thomas W. Kelley , Moulin Lionel , Diouf Diegane , Tisa Louis S. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

The genus
Mesorhizobium
contains many species that are able to form nitrogen-fixing nodules on plants of the legume family. Here, we report the draft genome sequences for three
Mesorhizobium
strains. The genome sizes of strains LCM 4576, LCM 4577, and ORS3428 were 7.24, 7.02, and 6.55 Mbp, respectively.
Transmission in the Origins of Bacterial Diversity, From Ecotypes to Phyla
Authors: Cohan Frederick M. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTAny two lineages, no matter how distant they are now, began their divergence as one population splitting into two lineages that could coexist indefinitely. The rate of origin of higher-level taxa is therefore the product of the rate of speciation times the probability that two new species coexist long enough to reach a particular level of divergence. Here I have explored these two parameters of disparification in bacteria. Owing to low recombination rates, sexual isolation is not a necessary milestone of bacterial speciation. Rather, irreversible and indefinite divergence begins with ecological diversification, that is, transmission of a bacterial lineage to a new ecological niche, possibly to a new microhabitat but at least to new resources. Several algorithms use sequence data from a taxon of focus to identify phylogenetic groups likely to bear the dynamic properties of species. Identifying these newly divergent lineages allows us to characterize the genetic bases of speciation, as well as the ecological dimensions upon which new species diverge. Speciation appears to be least frequent when a given lineage has few new resources it can adopt, as exemplified by photoautotrophs, C1 heterotrophs, and obligately intracellular pathogens; speciation is likely most rapid for generalist heterotrophs. The genetic basis of ecological divergence may determine whether ecological divergence is irreversible and whether lineages will diverge indefinitely into the future. Long-term coexistence is most likely when newly divergent lineages utilize at least some resources not shared with the other and when the resources themselves will coexist into the remote future.
Appropriateness of cases presenting in the emergency department following ambulance service secondary telephone triage: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Eastwood Kathryn , Smith Karen , Morgans Amee , Stoelwinder Johannes 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveTo investigate the appropriateness of cases presenting to the emergency department (ED) following ambulance-based secondary telephone triage.DesignA pragmatic retrospective cohort analysis of all the planned and unplanned ED presentations within 48 hours of a secondary telephone triage.SettingThe secondary telephone triage service, called the Referral Service, and the hospitals were located in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia and operated 24 hours a day, servicing 4.25 million people. The Referral Service provides an in-depth secondary triage of cases classified as low acuity when calling the Australian emergency telephone number.PopulationCases triaged by the Referral Service between September 2009 and June 2012 were linked to ED and hospital admission records (N=44,523). Planned ED presentations were cases referred to the ED following the secondary triage, unplanned ED presentations were cases that presented despite being referred to alternative care pathways.Main outcome measuresAppropriateness was measured using an ED suitability definition and hospital admission rates. These were compared with mean population data which consisted of all of the ED presentations for the state (termed the ‘average Victorian ED presentation’).ResultsPlanned ED presentations were more likely to be ED suitable than unplanned ED presentations (OR 1.62; 95% CI 1.5 to 1.7; p<0.001) and the average Victorian ED presentation (OR 1.85; 95% CI 1.01 to 3.4; p=0.046). They were also more likely to be admitted to the hospital than the unplanned ED presentation (OR 1.5; 95% CI 1.4 to 1.6; p<0.001) and the average Victorian ED presentation (OR 2.3, 95% CI 2.24 to 2.33; p<0.001). Just under 15% of cases diverted away from the emergency care pathways presented in the ED (unplanned ED attendances), and 9.5% of all the alternative care pathway cases were classified as ED suitable and 6.5% were admitted to hospital.ConclusionsSecondary telephone triage was able to appropriately identify many ED suitable cases, and while most cases referred to alternative care pathways did not present in the ED. Further research is required to establish that these were not inappropriately triaged away from the emergency care pathways.
Sociodemographic variations in the amount, duration and cost of potentially preventable hospitalisation for chronic conditions among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Australians: a period prevalence study of linked public hospital data
Authors: Banham David , Chen Tenglong , Karnon Jonathan , Brown Alex , Lynch John 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesTo determine disparities in rates, length of stay (LOS) and hospital costs of potentially preventable hospitalisations (PPH) for selected chronic conditions among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal South Australians (SA), then examine associations with area-level socioeconomic disadvantage and remoteness.SettingPeriod prevalence study using linked, administrative public hospital records.ParticipantsParticipants included all SA residents in 2005–2006 to 2010–2011. Analysis focused on those individuals experiencing chronic PPH as defined by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.Primary outcome measuresNumber and rates (unadjusted, then adjusted for sex and age) of chronic PPH, total LOS and direct hospital costs by Aboriginality.ResultsAboriginal SAs experienced higher risk of index chronic PPH compared with non-Aboriginals (11.5 and 6.2 per 1000 persons per year, respectively) and at younger ages (median age 48 vs 70 years). Once hospitalised, Aboriginal people experienced more chronic PPH events, longer total LOS with higher costs than non-Aboriginal people (2.6 vs 1.9 PPH per person; 11.7 vs 9.0 days LOS; at $A17 928 vs $A11 515, respectively). Compared with population average LOS, the standardised rate ratio of LOS among Aboriginal people increased by 0.03 (95% CI 0.00 to 0.07) as disadvantage rank increased and 1.04 (95% CI 0.63 to 1.44) as remoteness increased. Non-Aboriginal LOS also increased as disadvantage increased but at a lower rate (0.01 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.01)). Costs of Aboriginal chronic PPH increased by 0.02 (95% CI 0.00 to 0.06) for each increase in disadvantage and 1.18 (95% CI 0.80 to 1.55) for increased remoteness. Non-Aboriginal costs also increased as disadvantage increased but at lower rates (0.01 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.01)).ConclusionAboriginal people’s heightened risk of chronic PPH resulted in more time in hospital and greater cost. Systematic disparities in chronic PPH by Aboriginality, area disadvantage and remoteness highlight the need for improved uptake of effective primary care. Routine, regional reporting will help monitor progress in meeting these population needs.
Spectre d'émission de la molécule PO : Etude des états 2Σ+ situés dans le domaine énergétique 50 000–58 000 cm−1 des molécules P16O et P18O
Authors: Ngo T. A. , Paz M. Da , Coquart B. , Couet C. 
Published: October 2017

The rotational analysis of bands of P16O and P18O molecules has been carried out by emission experiments. These bands, all perturbed, correspond to transitions from A2Σ+, F2Σ+, G2Σ+, H2Σ+ and I2Σ+ to B2Σ+, A2Σ+ and X2Π states in the respective regions 3850–5300, 6500–7000, and 1800–2000 Å. The results of first- and second-order deperturbations for the observed interactions give the values of the constants of the F, G, H, and I states with a better accuracy than that obtained previously by Verma et al. Particularly, they infirm the hypothesis of a predissociation of some vibrational levels by the repulsive A′2Σ+ state and permit the assignment of a new quantum specification to the H2Σ+ state. The electronic structure and the order in energy of the Rydberg states considered are then consistent to those which have been proposed by Ackermann et al.
Positron Annihilation in Teflon and Polyethylene
Authors: Kerr Donald P. 
Published: October 2017

Both the time spectra and the angular distributions of the annihilation gamma rays have been measured for positrons annihilating in Teflon and polyethylene in an attempt to clarify which annihilation mechanisms account for the various lifetimes in these materials. Some authors have suggested that, in addition to the longest lifetime component, one of the shorter lived components also arises from the pickoff annihilation of orthopositronium. If this were the case, substantially more positronium would be formed than is indicated by the intensity of the longest lived component alone, and should be detectable through a measurement of the intensity of the low momentum portion of the momentum distribution obtained from the angular correlation data. In the present work, four lifetimes are apparent in the time spectra although there is considerable uncertainty in resolving the two shortest components. The angular distribution data, in both cases, yielded a low momentum component whose intensity indicates that only the longest lifetime component arises from pickoff annihilation of orthopositronium. The three shorter lifetime components are discussed.
Electron Correlation Functions in Liquids from Scattering Data
Authors: Egelstaff P. A. , March N. H. , McGill N. C. 
Published: October 2017

Recent work on the theory of liquid metals has involved correlation functions for the ion–electron density and the electron–electron density. The experimental determination of these functions is discussed for a general homonuclear fluid. It is shown that the electronic correlation functions may be extracted, in principle, by combining X-ray, neutron, and electron scattering data, though the smallness of the differences between the normalized data makes this difficult to do at present. After reviewing the published scattering data, we conclude that the most useful procedure is to compare scattered intensities at a significant reference point, namely the principal maximum of the liquid structure factor. X-ray and neutron data are presented for liquified rare gases, molecular liquids, and liquid metals, and their averages considered. Systematic differences are found between these groups, which prompt the conclusion that electrons in molecular liquids are delocalized by chemical bonding, but that the conduction electrons in a liquid metal have a higher degree of short range order than the nuclei. In this event an electron liquid, rather than an electron gas, exists in liquid metals.
Model-assisted machine-code synthesis
Authors: Srinivasan Venkatesh , Vartanian Ara , Reps Thomas 
Published: October 2017

Binary rewriters are tools that are used to modify the functionality of binaries lacking source code. Binary rewriters can be used to rewrite binaries for a variety of purposes including optimization, hardening, and extraction of executable components. To rewrite a binary based on semantic criteria, an essential primitive to have is a machine-code synthesizer---a tool that synthesizes an instruction sequence from a specification of the desired behavior, often given as a formula in quantifier-free bit-vector logic (QFBV). However, state-of-the-art machine-code synthesizers such as McSynth++ employ naive search strategies for synthesis: McSynth++ merely enumerates candidates of increasing length without performing any form of prioritization. This inefficient search strategy is compounded by the huge number of unique instruction schemas in instruction sets (e.g., around 43,000 in Intel's IA-32) and the exponential cost inherent in enumeration. The effect is slow synthesis: even for relatively small specifications, McSynth++ might take several minutes or a few hours to find an implementation.
In this paper, we describe how we use machine learning to make the search in McSynth++ smarter and potentially faster. We converted the linear search in McSynth++ into a best-first search over the space of instruction sequences. The cost heuristic for the best-first search comes from two models---used together---built from a corpus of 〈QFBV-formula, instruction-sequence〉 pairs: (i) a language model that favors useful instruction sequences, and (ii) a regression model that correlates features of instruction sequences with features of QFBV formulas, and favors instruction sequences that are more likely to implement the input formula. Our experiments for IA-32 showed that our model-assisted synthesizer enables synthesis of code for 6 out of 50 formulas on which McSynth++ times out, speeding up the synthesis time by at least 549X, and for the remaining formulas, speeds up synthesis by 4.55X.
Orca: GC and type system co-design for actor languages
Authors: Clebsch Sylvan , Franco Juliana , Drossopoulou Sophia , Yang Albert Mingkun , Wrigstad Tobias , Vitek Jan 
Published: October 2017

ORCA is a concurrent and parallel garbage collector for actor programs, which does not require any STW steps, or synchronization mechanisms, and that has been designed to support zero-copy message passing and sharing of mutable data. ORCA is part of a runtime for actor-based languages, which was co-designed with the Pony programming language, and in particular, with its data race free type system. By co-designing an actor language with its runtime, it was possible to exploit certain language properties in order to optimize performance of garbage collection. Namely, ORCA relies on the guarantees of absence of race conditions in order to avoid read/write barriers, and it leverages the actor message passing, for synchronization among actors.
In this paper we briefly describe Pony and its type system. We use pseudo-code in order to introduce how ORCA allocates and deallocates objects, how it shares mutable data without requiring barriers upon data mutation, and how can immutability be used to further optimize garbage collection. Moreover, we discuss the advantages of co-designing an actor language with its runtime, and we demonstrate that ORCA can be implemented in a performant and scalable way through a set of micro-benchmarks, including a comparison with other well-known collectors.