bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating evolutionary dynamics into treatment of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Zhang Jingsong , Cunningham Jessica J. , Brown Joel S. , Gatenby Robert A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAbiraterone treats metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer by inhibiting CYP17A, an enzyme for testosterone auto-production. With standard dosing, evolution of resistance with treatment failure (radiographic progression) occurs at a median of ~16.5 months. We hypothesize time to progression (TTP) could be increased by integrating evolutionary dynamics into therapy. We developed an evolutionary game theory model using Lotka–Volterra equations with three competing cancer “species”: androgen dependent, androgen producing, and androgen independent. Simulations with standard abiraterone dosing demonstrate strong selection for androgen-independent cells and rapid treatment failure. Adaptive therapy, using patient-specific tumor dynamics to inform on/off treatment cycles, suppresses proliferation of androgen-independent cells and lowers cumulative drug dose. In a pilot clinical trial, 10 of 11 patients maintained stable oscillations of tumor burdens; median TTP is at least 27 months with reduced cumulative drug use of 47% of standard dosing. The outcomes show significant improvement over published studies and a contemporaneous population.
Hepatic protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor gamma links obesity-induced inflammation to insulin resistance
Authors: Brenachot Xavier , Ramadori Giorgio , Ioris Rafael M. , Veyrat-Durebex Christelle , Altirriba Jordi , Aras Ebru , Ljubicic Sanda , Kohno Daisuke , Fabbiano Salvatore , Clement Sophie , Goossens Nicolas , Trajkovski Mirko , Harroch Sheila , Negro Francesco , Coppari Roberto 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObesity-induced inflammation engenders insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) but the inflammatory effectors linking obesity to insulin resistance are incompletely understood. Here, we show that hepatic expression of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Gamma (PTPR-γ) is stimulated by inflammation in obese/T2DM mice and positively correlates with indices of inflammation and insulin resistance in humans. NF-κB binds to the promoter of Ptprg and is required for inflammation-induced PTPR-γ expression. PTPR-γ loss-of-function lowers glycemia and insulinemia by enhancing insulin-stimulated suppression of endogenous glucose production. These phenotypes are rescued by re-expression of Ptprg only in liver of mice lacking Ptprg globally. Hepatic PTPR-γ overexpression that mimics levels found in obesity is sufficient to cause severe hepatic and systemic insulin resistance. We propose hepatic PTPR-γ as a link between obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance and as potential target for treatment of T2DM.
The power of monitoring: optimizing survey designs to detect occupancy changes in a rare amphibian population
Authors: Barata Izabela M. , Griffiths Richard A. , Ridout Martin S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBiodiversity conservation requires reliable species assessments and rigorously designed surveys. However, determining the survey effort required to reliably detect population change can be challenging for rare, cryptic and elusive species. We used a tropical bromeliad-dwelling frog as a model system to explore a cost-effective sampling design that optimizes the chances of detecting a population decline. Relatively few sampling visits were needed to estimate occupancy and detectability with good precision, and to detect a 30% change in occupancy with 80% power. Detectability was influenced by observer expertise, which therefore also had an effect on the sampling design – less experienced observers require more sampling visits to detect the species. Even when the sampling design provides precise parameter estimates, only moderate to large changes in occupancy will be detected with reliable power. Detecting a population change of 15% or less requires a large number of sites to be surveyed, which might be unachievable for range-restricted species occurring at relatively few sites. Unless there is high initial occupancy, rare and cryptic species will be particularly challenging when it comes to detecting small population changes. This may be a particular issue for long-term monitoring of amphibians which often display low detectability and wide natural fluctuations.
Function of capric acid in cyclophosphamide-induced intestinal inflammation, oxidative stress, and barrier function in pigs
Authors: Lee Sang In , Kang Kyung Soo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe small intestine is not only critical for nutrient absorption, but also serves as an important immune organ. Medium-chain fatty acids have nutritional and metabolic effects and support the integrity of the intestinal epithelium. However, their roles in intestinal immunity in pigs are not fully understood. We investigated the effects of a medium-chain fatty acid, capric acid, on intestinal oxidative stress, inflammation, and barrier function in porcine epithelial cells and miniature pigs after treatment with the immune suppressant cyclophosphamide. Capric acid alleviated inflammatory cytokine production (TNF-α and IL-6) and related gene expression (NF-κB, TNF-α, IFN-γ), alleviated oxidative stress (GSSG/GSH ratio, H2O2, and malondialdehyde), and increased oxidative stress-related gene expression (SOD1 and GCLC) in cyclophosphamide-treated IPEC-J2 cells. The permeability of FD-4 and expression of ZO-1 and OCLN in cyclophosphamide-treated IPEC-J2 cells were reduced by capric acid. Dietary capric acid reduced TNF-α, IL-6, and MDA levels and increased SOD, GPx, and the expression of genes related to pro-inflammatory, oxidative stress, and intestinal barrier functions in cyclophosphamide-treated miniature pigs. These results revealed that capric acid has protective effects against cyclophosphamide-induced small intestinal dysfunction in pigs.
All-trans retinoic acid enhances cytotoxicity of CIK cells against human lung adenocarcinoma by upregulating MICA and IL-2 secretion
Authors: Fan Xiao-yan , Wang Peng-yu , Zhang Chao , Zhang Yu-long , Fu Yun , Zhang Cong , Li Qiao-xia , Zhou Jie-na , Shan Bao-en , He Dong-wei 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTo determine the growth inhibition capability of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) with cytokine-induced killer cells (CIKs), we evaluated their effects, alone and in combination, on human lung carcinoma A549 cells. CIKs treated with ATRA significantly inhibited cell growth. Additionally, CIK with ATRA synergistically inhibited migration and invasiveness, colony formation of A549 and NCI-H520 cells. Furthermore, analysis of apoptosis markers Bcl-2, Bax, Survivin and cleaved Caspase-3 showed that Bcl-2 and Survivin mRNA levels significantly decreased, and that Bax mRNA significantly increased, in the CIK + ATRA-treated cells, with corresponding effects on their respective proteins. The involved mechanisms may be associated with upregulated expression of MHC class I-Related Chain (MICA) and interleukin (IL)-2. These results suggest that administration of combined CIK and ATRA is a potentially novel treatment for lung carcinoma.
Association between antibodies against group B Streptococcus surface proteins and recto-vaginal colonisation during pregnancy
Authors: Dzanibe Sonwabile , Kwatra Gaurav , Adrian Peter V. , Kimaro-Mlacha Sheila Z. , Cutland Clare L. , Madhi Shabir A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGroup B Streptococcus (GBS) recto-vaginal colonisation in pregnant women is the major risk factor for early-onset invasive GBS disease in their newborns. We aimed to determine the association between serum antibody levels against 11 GBS surface proteins and recto-vaginal acquisition of GBS colonisation during pregnancy. Sera collected from pregnant women at 20–25 weeks and ≥37 weeks of gestation age were measured for IgG titres against GBS surface proteins using a multiplex immunoassay. Women were evaluated for recto-vaginal colonisation every 4–5 weeks. We observed that the likelihood of becoming colonised with GBS during pregnancy was lower in women with IgG titres ≥200 U/mL against gbs0233 (adjusted OR = 0.47 [95% CI: 0.25–0.89], p = 0.021) and ≥85 U/mL for gbs1539 (adjusted OR = 0.44 [95% CI: 0.24–0.82], p = 0.01) when comparing between women who acquired GBS colonisation and those that remained free of GBS colonisation throughout pregnancy. IgG titres (U/mL) specific to BibA and Sip were higher in pregnant women colonised with GBS (380.19 and 223.87, respectively) compared to women with negative GBS cultures (234.42 and 186.21, respectively; p < 0.01) at ≥37 weeks gestation. Antibodies induced by gbs0233 and gbs1539 were associated with a reduced likelihood of recto-vaginal GBS acquisition during pregnancy and warrant further investigation as vaccine targets.
DC‐16 GHz GaAs track‐and‐hold amplifier using sampling rate and linearity enhancement techniques
Authors: Lin Y.‐A. , Chang H.‐Y. , Wang Y.‐C. 
Published: November 2017

A DC‐16 GHz track‐and‐hold amplifier (THA) using 0.15‐μm enhancement‐mode GaAs pseudomorphic high‐electron mobility transistor process is presented. A switched source follower (SSF) track‐and‐hold (T/H) stage is modified to enhance the sampling rate and linearity. The input‐dependent timing jitter is highly reduced using the modified topology as compared to the conventional SSF T/H stage. Moreover, the even harmonics are successfully suppressed using the differential topology, and the spurious‐free dynamic range (SFDR) and total harmonic distortion (THD) are improved. To widen bandwidth (BW), the input and output buffers are designed using the distributed amplifier and source follower, respectively. With a sampling rate of 13.5 GS/s, the proposed THA features a measured 3‐dB BW of 16 GHz, an SFDR of 46 dB, and a THD of −45 dB.
Modified R–L model‐based protection for VSC‐DC distribution lines
Authors: Jia Ke , Li Meng , Bi Tianshu , Liu Bohan , Li Wei , Yang Qixun 
Published: November 2017

An R–L model‐based line protection algorithm is proposed for the voltage source converter (VSC)‐DC distribution systems. Overviews of DC distribution topology and the fault characteristics are investigated. The feasibility of the R–L model for DC distribution networks is analysed. To decrease errors and increase numerical stability, a new variable acquisition method and a new fault distance estimation equation are proposed with the characteristics of VSC‐DC distribution systems. Simulation results on power systems Computer Aided Design/Electromagnetic Transients including DC (PSCAD/EMTDC) verify the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed protection. It is shown that the protection can efficiently distinguish the internal faults with an operation time < 20 ms and error within 1%. For nearby faults, the protection can trip within 8 ms. The proposed protection can meet both the speed and the selectivity requirements with a low sampling frequency and therefore can be a potential option for the industry application.
Discovery of a stellar companion to HD 131399A
Authors: Lagrange A.-M. , Keppler M. , Beust H. , Rodet L. , Meunier N. , Lillo-Box J. , Bonnefoy M. , Galland F. 
Published: November 2017

Context. The giant exoplanets imaged on wide orbits (≥10 au) around young stars challenge the classical theories of planet formation. The presence of perturbing bodies could have played a role in the dynamical evolution of the planets once formed.
Aims. We aim to search for close companions to HD 131399, a star around which a giant planet has been discovered, at a projected separation of about 80 au. The star also appears to be a member of a wide (320 au) binary system.
Methods. We recorded HARPS high resolution spectra in January 2017.
Results. We find that HD 131399A is probably seen close to pole-on. We discover a low mass star companion that orbits with a period of about 10 days on a misaligned orbit. Even though the companion does not have an impact on the current dynamical evolution of the planet, it could have played a role in its setting and in clearing the circumstellar disk from which the planet may originate.
Non-equilibrium ionization by a periodic electron beam
Authors: Dzifčáková Elena , Dudík Jaroslav 
Published: November 2017

Context. Transition region (TR) spectra typically show the Si IV 1402.8 Å line to be enhanced by a factor of 5 or more compared to the neighboring O IV 1401.2 Å, contrary to predictions of ionization equilibrium models and the Maxwellian distribution of particle energies. Non-equilibrium effects in TR spectra are therefore expected.
Aims. To investigate the combination of non-equilibrium ionization and high-energy particles, we apply the model of the periodic electron beam, represented by a κ-distribution that recurs at periods of several seconds, to plasma at chromospheric temperatures of 104 K. This simple model can approximate a burst of energy release involving accelerated particles.
Methods. Instantaneous time-dependent charge states of silicon and oxygen were calculated and used to synthesize the instantaneous and period-averaged spectra of Si IV and O IV.
Results. The electron beam drives the plasma out of equilibrium. At electron densities of Ne = 1010 cm−3, the plasma is out of ionization equilibrium at all times in all cases we considered, while for a higher density of Ne = 1011 cm−3, ionization equilibrium can be reached toward the end of each period, depending on the conditions. In turn, the character of the period-averaged synthetic spectra also depends on the properties of the beam. While the case of κ = 2 results in spectra with strong or even dominant O IV, higher values of κ can approximate a range of observed TR spectra. Spectra similar to typically observed spectra, with the Si IV 1402.8 Å line about a factor 5 higher than O IV 1401.2 Å, are obtained for κ = 3. An even higher value of κ = 5 results in spectra that are exclusively dominated by Si IV, with negligible O IV emission. This is a possible interpretation of the TR spectra of UV (Ellerman) bursts, although an interpretation that requires a density that is 1–3 orders of magnitude lower than for equilibrium estimates.
Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Reactions Involving Arynes
Authors: Mhaske Santosh , Dhokale Ranjeet 
Published: November 2017

The plethora of transformations attainable by the transition-metal-catalyzed reactions of arynes has found immense contemporary interest in the scientific community. This review highlights the scope and importance of transition-metal-catalyzed aryne reactions in the field of synthetic organic chemistry reported to date. It covers transformations achieved by the combination of arynes and various transition metals, which provide a facile access to a biaryl motif, fused polycyclic aromatic compounds, different novel carbocycles, various heterocycles, and complex natural products.1	Introduction2	Insertion of Arynes3	Annulation of Arynes4	Cycloaddition of Arynes5	Multicomponent Reactions of Arynes6	Miscellaneous Reactions of Arynes7	Total Synthesis of Natural Products Using Arynes8	Conclusion
Treatment of Morbidly Adherent Placentation Utilizing a Standardized Multidisciplinary Approach in the Community Hospital–Private Practice Setting
Authors: Mansouri Mahsa , DeStefano Kim , Monks Brian , Singh Jasbir , McDonnold Mollie , Morgan Jamison , Hale Richard , Adusumalli Jasvant , Horton Amanda , Haeri Sina 
Published: November 2017

Objective Morbidly adherent placentation is associated with increased maternal morbidity and mortality. Recently, there has been mounting evidence supporting the benefits of a standardized multidisciplinary approach at tertiary teaching hospitals. Our objective was to estimate the impact of the implementation of a similar program at a high-volume private community hospital.
Study Design In this retrospective cohort study, we evaluated maternal outcomes in all cases of histopathologically confirmed morbidly adherent placentation since the initiation of our multidisciplinary program (2012–2016). Our data were compared with the previously published outcomes of two large cohorts from tertiary teaching hospitals in Utah and Texas.
Results In the 28 cases included for evaluation, our group's median estimated blood loss, median packed red blood cells transfused, median anesthesia time, median length of stay, or rates of maternal morbidity did not statistically differ from the published data in Utah or Texas.
Conclusion Our data demonstrate the feasibility and utility of a multidisciplinary morbidly adherent placentation program in the private practice/community hospital setting with outcomes similar to those at tertiary teaching hospitals. Implementation of such program may prove beneficial in remote centers, where various factors may prohibit patient travel to a larger center.
Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Plastic Surgeons: A Systematic Review
Authors: Epstein Sherise , Tran Bao , Capone Avery , Ruan Qing , Lee Bernard , Singhal Dhruv 
Published: November 2017

Background To date, no review has been conducted on the growing body of literature describing various work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), ergonomic hazards, and potential interventions relevant to plastic surgeons. This systematic review sought to (1) define the scope of coverage of this important issue in the peer-reviewed literature; (2) critically assess the evidence; and (3) provide recommendations for future directions.
Methods We conducted a literature search of MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and PubMed from the inception of each database until 2016. All articles reporting on work-related MSDs or ergonomics among plastic surgeons were reviewed, summarized, and assessed for trends.
Results Sixteen articles met our inclusion criteria including five expert opinions, four cross-sectional studies and case reports/series, one review, and six experimental studies. Four articles presented evidence on disease burden. The most commonly described work-related MSD was cervical spine disease, for which one study reported a career prevalence of 24.7% (point prevalence in the general population: 0.1–0.4%); three studies reported 64 cases of surgeon work-related MSD resulting in surgical intervention, decreased productivity, or involuntary early retirement. Eight studies described interventions, most of which aimed to improve the ergonomics of microsurgery.
Conclusion This review found low-level evidence of plastic surgeons' vulnerability to a work-related MSD at times severe enough to end careers. Further investigation is needed to clearly define this important problem in plastic surgery. Specifically, future directions should include more methodologically rigorous epidemiologic studies evaluating disease burden.
Update Opportunistic Infections of the Central Nervous System in Patients with Iatrogenic Immunosuppression
Authors: Arendt Gabriele , Maschke Matthias 
Published: November 2017

AbstractOpportunistic infections of the central nervous system (CNS) with bacteria, parasites, fungi or viruses due to iatrogenic immunosuppression are of immense importance because of rising numbers of organ transplantations and immunomodulating treatments. Besides transplantation medicine, the most frequently involved medical subspecialties are dermatology (interferons, rituximab, fingolimod, among others), hematology/oncology (rituximab, among others), neurology (beta-interferon, glatiramer acetate, natalizumab, rituximab, teriflunomide, fingolimod, alemtuzumab, daclizumab, among others) and rheumatology (rituximab).In Europe, typical infections affecting the immunocompromised host are due to herpes viruses and, especially in immunomodulated patients, JC virus (JCV); frequently occurring fungi are Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. An important parasite is Toxoplasma gondii (TG). Typical bacterial infections of the immunocompromised patient are caused by Nocardia asteroides, Listeria monocytogenes and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Modern diagnostic and therapeutic procedures will be described.
Somatotrope Pituitary Function in Professional Soccer Players
Authors: Roser Pia , Wehrhahn Tatiana , Krogmann Henry , Riedel Nina , Marshall Robert , Gille Justus , Flitsch Jörg , Aberle Jens 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Background and objective Soccer is associated with repetitive head trauma, which, as it is known from sports like football and boxing, can result in hypopituitarism. Gonadotropins and GH are the most common pituitary hormones to become deficient. GH deficiency is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and has negative influence on body mass index, visceral fat mass, insulin resistance and sensitivity, bone mineral density and inflammatory markers. Therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the somatotrope pituitary function in professional soccer players.
Research design and methods This clinical study included 15 male, professional soccer players with at least 10 years of professional training. Basal hormonal parameters of the pituitary axis were obtained from the participants. To assess GH-IGF-I axis, glucagon stimulation tests were used. Rise in growth hormone during glucagon test was analyzed and the prevalence of newly diagnosed hormone deficiencies was evaluated.
Results Mean age of all participants was 31±10 years. None of the 15 soccer players had GH deficiency. Mean rising factor of GH after stimulation with glucagon was 100 in all participants. We did not find signs of ACTH, TSH or LH/FSH deficiency in any player.
Conclusions In this small collective of soccer players we did not find playing soccer to be a risk factor for the development of GH-deficiency. According to our data screening for somatotrope deficiency is not necessary. Further investigations in larger cohorts are needed.
The commercialization of sociological research: on the how and why (not)
Authors: Komp Kathrin 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
Recent budget cuts in academia and the spread of neoliberal thought has put pressure on sociology. Unlocking new funding sources is a major concern for sociologists and focusing on funding from the market is a prominent suggestion. Such funding can be generated through research commercialization, that is, developing research findings into products and services that can be sold on the market. This study explores how a commercialization of sociological research can be achieved, and what advantages and disadvantages it has. Methods are expert interviews and participant observation. Findings show that a commercialization of sociological research can be achieved through studies on companies or products, and through the participation in multidisciplinary research projects. The proponents of commercialization are mainly university administrations, consultants, and economists, who see advantages in the acquisition of funding and the improvement of products. The adversaries of commercialization are sociologists, who find a commercialization antithetical to their disciplinary identity, have ethical concerns about aggravating social problems as a side-effect, and fear for their academic careers. In conclusion, a commercialization of sociological research needs to proceed circumspectly, considering that it could internally erode the discipline of sociology.