bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Camera characterization for improving color archaeological documentation
Authors: Molada‐Tebar Adolfo , Lerma José Luis , Marqués‐Mateu Ángel 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDetermining the correct color is essential for proper cultural heritage documentation and cataloging. However, the methodology used in most cases limits the results since it is based either on perceptual procedures or on the application of color profiles in digital processing software. The objective of this study is to establish a rigorous procedure, from the colorimetric point of view, for the characterization of cameras, following different polynomial models. Once the camera is characterized, users obtain output images in the sRGB space that is independent of the sensor of the camera. In this article we report on pyColorimetry software that was developed and tested taking into account the recommendations of the Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage (CIE). This software allows users to control the entire digital image processing and the colorimetric data workflow, including the rigorous processing of raw data. We applied the methodology on a picture targeting Levantine rock art motifs in Remigia Cave (Spain) that is considered part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Three polynomial models were tested for the transformation between color spaces. The outcomes obtained were satisfactory and promising, especially with RAW files. The best results were obtained with a second‐order polynomial model, achieving residuals below three CIELAB units. We highlight several factors that must be taken into account, such as the geometry of the shot and the light conditions, which are determining factors for the correct characterization of a digital camera.
The “C test” for tritan discrimination
Authors: Littlewood Franzco Ross , Hyde Doba Francine 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a clinical standard capable of generating ordinal measures of monocular tritan discrimination. A novel pseudoisochromatic plate test was developed, called the “C test.” It contains 10 progressively desaturated plates arranged in perceptually distinct steps that provide a standard for analyzing the threshold for tritan discrimination. The most difficult plate that can be detected is the “C score.” Relevant diagnostic findings including the C score, Logmar acuity, Pelli‐Robson score, and LOCS III lens grading were prospectively recorded in 568 eyes. A total of 355 normal eyes were selected for statistical analysis. The correlations between C score, Logmar acuity, and Pelli‐Robson score with LOCS III grading were analyzed with Spearman rank analysis. The strongest correlations were between the Logmar acuity with posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC) (0.68), the C score with nuclear colour (NC) (–0.58), and the Logmar acuity with NC (0.57). The lower normal limit for the C score was 9 in pseudophakes and phakic eyes with NC < 3, 7 for eyes with NC = 3, but undetermined for eyes with NC > 3. A comparison of C score distribution between three distinct age ranges of pseudophakic eyes (n = 136) showed no significant variation (P = .486). The Spearman rank correlation between C score and Logmar acuity was 0.028, and between C score and Pelli‐Robson score was 0.012. The normal limit for the C score used under 800 Lux is 9 when NC < 3 and 7 when NC = 3 in all age groups.
Multi‐to One‐Dimensional Optimal Transport
Authors: Chiappori Pierre‐André , McCann Robert J. , Pass Brendan 
Published: July 2017

We consider the Monge‐Kantorovich problem of transporting a probability density on to another on the line, so as to optimize a given cost function. We introduce a nestedness criterion relating the cost to the densities, under which it becomes possible to solve this problem uniquely by constructing an optimal map one level set at a time. This map is continuous if the target density has connected support. We use level‐set dynamics to develop and quantify a local regularity theory for this map and the Kantorovich potentials solving the dual linear program. We identify obstructions to global regularity through examples.More specifically, fix probability densities f and g on open sets and with . Consider transporting f onto g so as to minimize the cost . We give a nondegeneracy condition on that ensures the set of x paired with [g‐a.e.] y ∈ Y lie in a codimension‐n submanifold of X. Specializing to the case m > n = 1, we discover a nestedness criterion relating s to (f,g) that allows us to construct a unique optimal solution in the form of a map . When and g and f are bounded, the Kantorovich dual potentials (u,υ) satisfy , and the normal velocity V of with respect to changes in y is given by . Positivity of V locally implies a Lipschitz bound on f; moreover, if intersects transversally. On subsets where this nondegeneracy, positivity, and transversality can be quantified, for each integer the norms of and are controlled by these bounds, , and the smallness of . We give examples showing regularity extends from $X to part of , but not from Y to . We also show that when s remains nested for all (f,g), the problem in reduces to a supermodular problem in . © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Signs of eclampsia during singleton deliveries and early neonatal mortality in low‐ and middle‐income countries from three WHO regions
Authors: Bellizzi Saverio , Sobel Howard L. , Ali Mohamed M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of eclampsia symptoms and to explore associations between eclampsia and early neonatal mortality.MethodsThe present secondary analysis included Demographic and Health Surveys data from 2005 to 2012; details of signs related to severe obstetric adverse events of singleton deliveries during interviewees’ most recent delivery in the preceding 5 years were included. Data and delivery history were merged for pooled analyses. Convulsions—used as an indicator for having experienced eclampsia—and early neonatal mortality rates were compared, and a generalized random effect model, adjusted for heterogeneity between and within countries, was used to investigate the impact of presumed eclampsia on early neonatal mortality.ResultsThe merged dataset included data from six surveys and 55 384 live deliveries that occurred in Colombia, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Mali, Niger, and Peru. Indications of eclampsia were recorded for 1.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0–1.3), 1.7% (95% CI 1.5–2.1), and 1.7% (95% CI 1.5–2.1) of deliveries reported from the American, South East Asian, and African regions, respectively. Pooled analyses demonstrated that eclampsia was associated with increased risk of early neonatal mortality (adjusted risk ratio 2.1 95% CI 1.4–3.2).ConclusionIncreased risk of early neonatal mortality indicates a need for strategies targeting the early detection of eclampsia and early interventions.
Retracted: Down‐regulation of microRNA let‐7d inhibits the proliferation and invasion of trophoblast cells in preeclampsia
Authors: Dai Xu , Cai Yan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPreeclampsia (PE) is a serious pregnancy complication that continues to adverse effects on mother and the fetus. The study investigated the effect of microRNA let‐7d (miR‐let‐7d) on the proliferation and invasion of trophoblast cells (TC) in PE. In situ hybridization techniques were employed to evaluate the miR‐let‐7d expressions in the placental tissues from 63 PE patients as well as 65 normal placental tissues. Transfection of pre‐let‐7d, anti‐let‐7d, and their corresponding control sequences was performed in TCs obtained from PE. The blank group was composed of TCs no transfection and normal group consisted of normal TCs. Expressions of proliferation and invasion markers in TCs were detected by qRT‐PCR. Proliferation, apoptosis, and the invasion ability of the TCs were determined using a CCK‐8 assay, flow cytometry, and Transwell assay. In comparison to the normal placental tissues, PE placental tissues exhibited increased levels of let‐7d expression. Following transfection of anti‐let‐7d, when compared with the blank group, the anti‐let‐7d group displayed increased levels of proliferation ability, expression of proliferation labeling proteins PCNA and Ki67, number of TCs as well as expressions of the invasion related proteins MMP‐2, MMP‐9, and TIMP‐1. In contrast declines in cell apoptosis rate were observed. Compared with the blank group, the changes of the indexes were reversed in the pre‐let‐7d group. The study provided evidence suggesting that low expression levels of miR‐let‐7d plays a central role in suppressing apoptosis in addition to promoting the proliferation and invasion of PE TCs.
A novel RUNX2 mutation in exon 8, G462X, in a patient with Cleidocranial Dysplasia
Authors: Jung Yu‐Jin , Bae Han‐Sol , Ryoo Hyun‐Mo , Baek Seung‐Hak 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTo identify a novel mutation of Runx2 gene in Cleidocranial Dysplasia (CCD) patients and to characterize the functional consequences of this mutation. The subjects consisted of 12 Korean CCD patients. After oral epithelial cells were collected using a mouthwash technique, genomic DNA was extracted. Screening for Runx2 mutation was performed using direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products for exons 1‐8. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was performed to confirm the novel mutation. For functional studies, we performed luciferase assay for Runx2 transacting activity, cyclohexamide chase assay for Runx2 protein stability, real‐time PCR for mRNA level of Runx2 downstream bone marker genes, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining assay in mesenchymal stem cells for osteoblast differentiation. Of the 12 patients, seven showed Runx2 mutations reported previously and four showed no mutation. A novel mutation, G462X in exon 8, which was located in the C‐terminus of proline/serine/threonine‐rich (PST) domain, was found in one patient. In the luciferase assay, Runx2 transacting activity was decreased in Runx2‐G462X transfected cells. In the cyclohexamide chase assay, Runx2‐G462X mutation reduced the stability of Runx2 protein. Expression of the bone marker genes (osteocalcin, ALP, Type I collagen αI, matrix metalloproteinase‐13, bone sialoprotein, and osteopontin) decreased in G462X‐transfected cells. In the ALP staining assay, osteoblast differentiation was reduced in Runx2‐G462X overexpressed cell. The G462X mutation might reduce the Runx2 transacting activity, lower the protein stability, downgrade the expression of bone marker genes, and eventually diminish osteoblast differentiation in CCD patients.
Correlation between TLR2,TLR3,TLR4, and TLR9 polymorphisms and susceptibility to and prognosis of severe hepatitis among the newborns
Authors: Qiu Xiao , Dong Yubin , Cao Yaqin , Luo Yingmei 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundThis study was aimed to explore how toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2), TLR3, TLR4 and TLR9 influenced the risk and prognosis of severe hepatitis among the Chinese newborns.MethodsAltogether 135 newborns diagnosed with severe hepatitis and 140 healthy newborns were included in this study. Totally 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR9 were chosen and genotyped by polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the logistic regression. The univariate and multivariate analyses were used to analyze independent factors for prognosis of severe hepatitis among the Chinese newborns.ResultsThe SNPs within TLR2 [ie, rs1898830 (A>G) and rs3804100 (T>C)], TLR3 [ie, rs1879026 (G>T)], TLR4 [ie, rs2149356 (T>G)], and TLR9 [ie, rs187084 (T>C), rs352139 (A>G), and rs352140 (C>T)] were significantly associated with modified risk of neonatal severe hepatitis (all P<.05). Furthermore, rs1898830, rs1879026, rs187084 and rs352139 were also demonstrated to modulate the prognosis [ie, aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine transaminase (ALT)>1.5] of newborns with severe hepatitis (all P<.05). Interestingly, the haplotype A‐C‐G‐G‐C‐A‐T were associated with higher susceptibility to neonatal severe hepatitis, and the newborns carrying haplotype A‐C‐G‐G‐C‐A‐T appeared to be correlated with more favorable prognosis (all P<.05).ConclusionsCertain SNPs and haplotypes within TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR9 can be considered as the potentially treatment targets for neonatal severe hepatitis.
Measurement of absolute copy number variation of Glutathione S‐Transferase M1 gene by digital droplet PCR and association analysis in Tunisian Rheumatoid Arthritis population
Authors: Achour Yosser , Ben Kilani Mohamed Sahbi , Ben Hamad Mariem , Marzouk Sameh , Mahfoudh Nadia , Bahloul Zouheir , Keskes Leila , Petit‐Teixeira Elisabeth , Maalej Abdellatif 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundThe investigation of copy number variations (CNVs) analysis of candidate genes is currently an important research area in modulating human diseases. We aimed to quantify CNVs in glutathione S‐transferase M1 (GSTM1) gene and determine its genetic contribution in Tunisian rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its subsets through an innovative technique for quantification.MethodsA total of 165 RA cases and 102 healthy controls were included in the study. Using a recently powerful approach of digital droplet PCR (ddPCR), we quantified GSTM1 gene to determine the presence of no, one, or multiple copy number (CN) at high levels of sensitivity and specificity. Odds ratio and Fisher exact test were performed to estimate the association risk for GSTM1CNVs in RA.ResultsCopy number identified by ddPCR was 0, 1, and 2 copies per diploid genome. A high frequency of ‘0’ copy was revealed with 54% in RA patients. The deletion (‘0’ copy) of GSTM1 was found to be a significant risk factor for anti‐cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti‐CCP) positive RA (OR=4.16, CI95%=[1.17‐14.7]). In addition, a lack of association was found when comparing between the CNVs of RA patients and those of controls.ConclusionThis study highlights the powerful accuracy of ddPCR for the quantification of CNVs and suggests that the variation in the CN of GSTM1 is associated with anti‐CCP positivity in RA. However, it does not indicate a specific role in the susceptibility to the disease in our Tunisian sample.
A new precipitation and drought climatology based on weather patterns
Authors: Richardson Douglas , Fowler Hayley J. , Kilsby Christopher G. , Neal Robert 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTWeather‐pattern, or weather‐type, classifications are a valuable tool in many applications as they characterize the broad‐scale atmospheric circulation over a given region. This study analyses the aspects of regional UK precipitation and meteorological drought climatology with respect to a new set of objectively defined weather patterns. These new patterns are currently being used by the Met Office in several probabilistic forecasting applications driven by ensemble forecasting systems. Weather pattern definitions and daily occurrences are mapped to Lamb weather types (LWTs), and parallels between the two classifications are drawn. Daily precipitation distributions are associated with each weather pattern and LWT. Standardized precipitation index (SPI) and drought severity index (DSI) series are calculated for a range of aggregation periods and seasons. Monthly weather‐pattern frequency anomalies are calculated for SPI wet and dry periods and for the 5% most intense DSI‐based drought months. The new weather‐pattern definitions and daily occurrences largely agree with their respective LWTs, allowing comparison between the two classifications. There is also broad agreement between weather pattern and LWT changes in frequencies. The new data set is shown to be adequate for precipitation‐based analyses in the UK, although a smaller set of clustered weather patterns is not. Furthermore, intra‐pattern precipitation variability is lower in the new classification compared to the LWTs, which is an advantage in this context. Six of the new weather patterns are associated with drought over the entire UK, with several other patterns linked to regional drought. It is demonstrated that the new data set of weather patterns offers a new opportunity for classification‐based analyses in the UK.
Lymph node station ratio: Revised nodal category for resected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Fu Xiayu , Liu Qianwen , Luo Kongjia , Wen Jing , Yang Hong , Hu Yi , Wang Xinye , Lin Peng , Fu Jianhua 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to evaluate a revised nodal category based on the value of the lymph node (LN) station ratio (SR, metastatic LN stations/examined LN stations) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients.MethodsData were obtained from 857 ESCC patients who underwent primary radical esophagectomy. Prognostic performance was evaluated using the Harrell concordance index (C‐index), Akaike information criterion (AIC), and likelihood ratio χ2 test (LR χ2 test).ResultsEach subgroup among the SR categories demonstrated discriminatory results, whereas no significant survival difference was observed between the N2 versus N3 classifications under the AJCC pN system. Using the AJCC TNM staging system, the survival curves separated between stages IIIA‐IIIB and IIIB‐IVA. However, when the T‐SR‐M scheme category was applied, the survival curves between stages IIA‐IIB, IIIA‐IIIB, and IIIB‐IVA were significantly different. Furthermore, both the SR category and the T‐SR‐M staging system showed superior performance with higher C‐index and LR χ2 test values and lower AIC values compared with the pN category and TNM staging system, respectively.ConclusionsFollowing radical esophagectomy, the SR category demonstrated superior prognostic ability relative to the AJCC pN category in ESCC patients.
Performance of prognostic scores and staging systems in predicting long‐term survival outcomes after surgery for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Buettner Stefan , Galjart Boris , van Vugt Jeroen L. A. , Bagante Fabio , Alexandrescu Sorin , Marques Hugo P. , Lamelas Jorge , Aldrighetti Luca , Gamblin T. Clark , Maithel Shishir K. , Pulitano Carlo , Margonis Georgios A. , Weiss Matthew , Bauer Todd W. , Shen Feng , Poultsides George A. , Marsh J. Wallis , IJzermans Jan N. M. , Groot Koerkamp Bas , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: July 2017

IntroductionWe sought to validate the commonly used prognostic models and staging systems for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) in a large multi‐center patient cohort.MethodsThe overall (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) prognostic discriminatory ability of various commonly used models were assessed in a large retrospective cohort. Harrell's concordance index (c‐index) was used to determine accuracy of model prediction.ResultsAmong 1054 ICC patients, median OS was 37.7 months and 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year survival, were 78.8%, 51.5%, and 39.3%, respectively. Recurrence of disease occurred in 454 (43.0%) patients with a median DFS of 29.6 months. One‐, 3‐ and 5‐ year DFS were 64.6%, 46.5 % and 44.4%, respectively. The prognostic models associated with the best OS prediction were the Wang nomogram (c‐index 0.668) and the Nathan staging system (c‐index 0.639). No model was proficient in predicting DFS. Only the Wang nomogram exceeded a c‐index of 0.6 for DFS (c‐index 0.602). The c‐index for the AJCC staging system was 0.637 for OS and 0.582 for DFS.ConclusionsWhile the Wang nomogram had the best discriminatory ability relative to OS and DFS, no ICC staging system or nomogram demonstrated excellent prognostic discrimination. The AJCC staging for ICC performed reasonably, although its overall discrimination was only modest‐to‐good.
Rapid genetic counseling and testing in newly diagnosed breast cancer: Patients’ and health professionals’ attitudes, experiences, and evaluation of effects on treatment decision making
Authors: Wevers Marijke R. , Aaronson Neil K. , Bleiker Eveline M. A. , Hahn Daniela E. E. , Brouwer Titia , van Dalen Thijs , Theunissen Evert B. , van Ooijen Bart , de Roos Marnix A. , Borgstein Paul J. , Vrouenraets Bart C. , Vriens Eline , Bouma Wim H. , Rijna Herman , Vente Johannes P. , Kuenen Marianne A. , van der Sanden‐Melis Jacoline , Witkamp Arjen J. , Rutgers Emiel J. Th. , Verhoef Senno , Ausems Margreet G. E. M. 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundRapid genetic counseling and testing (RGCT) in newly diagnosed high‐risk breast cancer (BC) patients may influence surgical treatment decisions. To successfully integrate RGCT in practice, knowledge of professionals’, and patients’ attitudes toward RGCT is essential.MethodsBetween 2008 and 2010, we performed a randomized clinical trial evaluating the impact of RGCT. Attitudes toward and experience with RGCT were assessed in 265 patients (at diagnosis, 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up) and 29 medical professionals (before and after the recruitment period).ResultsAt 6‐month follow‐up, more patients who had been offered RGCT felt they had been actively involved in treatment decision‐making than patients who had been offered usual care (67% vs 48%, P = 0.06). Patients who received DNA‐test results before primary surgery reported more often that RGCT influenced treatment decisions than those who received results afterwards (P < 0.01). Eighty‐seven percent felt that genetic counseling and testing (GCT) should preferably take place between diagnosis and surgery. Most professionals (72%) agreed that RGCT should be routinely offered to eligible patients. Most patients (74%) and professionals (85%) considered surgeons the most appropriate source for referral.ConclusionsRGCT is viewed as helpful for newly diagnosed high‐risk BC patients in choosing their primary surgery and should be offered routinely by surgeons.
Silver ion coordination countercurrent chromatography: Separation of β‐elemene from the volatile oil of Curcumae Rhizoma
Authors: Lu Mengxia , Wang Xiaoping , Bu Zhisi , Lv Liqiong , Tong Shengqiang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this work, the antitumor constituent β‐elemene was selectively separated from the volatile oil of the Curcumae Rhizoma by countercurrent chromatography with silver nitrate as selective reagent based on the formation of coordination complexes. A biphasic solvent system composed of n‐hexane/methanol/water (2:1.5:0.5, v/v/v) was selected, in which 0.15 mol/L of silver nitrate was added to the aqueous phase. The aqueous phase was used as the stationary phase for separation of β‐elemene by countercurrent chromatography after it was partially purified from the volatile oil by silica gel column chromatography. An enriched β‐elemene fraction was obtained by silica gel column chromatography to improve the percentage of β‐elemene from 16.5 to 46.1%. Subsequently, β‐elemene was further purified from 445 mg of the partially purified sample of volatile oil by countercurrent chromatography with silver nitrate as a selective reagent, yielding 145 mg of β‐elemene with greater than 99% purity, as determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The recovery of β‐elemene from the crude volatile oil through two steps was around 63.6%.