bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childbirth Fear: Relation to Birth and Care Provider Preferences
Authors: Stoll Kathrin , Fairbrother Nichole , Thordarson Dana S. 
Published: January 2018

IntroductionThe purpose of this study was to assess how preferences for place of birth and mode of birth relate to different dimensions of childbirth fear and whether there is an association between Canadian women's prenatal fear of childbirth and the type and quality of prenatal care they received.MethodsA link to an online survey was posted on Canadian pregnancy and birth websites; 409 women completed the survey that included sociodemographic questions, questions about the current pregnancy and previous pregnancy experiences (if applicable), and the Childbirth Fear Questionnaire, a validated 40‐item scale that measures 9 dimensions of childbirth fear.ResultsWomen under physician care and those with a preference for cesarean birth were generally more fearful of pain associated with vaginal birth, fear of loss of sexual pleasure and attractiveness, and fear of harm to themselves or their infant. Conversely, women under the care of midwives and women who preferred to give birth vaginally were more fearful of interventions. Women who preferred a cesarean birth were significantly more likely to report that fear of childbirth interfered with daily functioning, compared to women who preferred a vaginal birth. Satisfaction with care was associated with lower scores on the Childbirth Fear Questionnaire full and subscales, especially among midwifery clients.DiscussionAt present there are no guidelines in Canada or the United States for the treatment and/or referral of pregnant women who suffer from childbirth fear. Until such guidelines are developed, findings from the current study can help maternity care providers identify and address specific fears among women in their care and understand how different fear domains relate to care provider choice, satisfaction with care, and women's preferences for place and mode of birth.
Melatonin ameliorates Aβ42‐induced alteration of βAPP‐processing secretases via the melatonin receptor through the Pin1/GSK3β/NF‐κB pathway in SH‐SY5Y cells
Authors: Chinchalongporn Vorapin , Shukla Mayuri , Govitrapong Piyarat 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMelatonin is involved in the physiological regulation of the β‐amyloid precursor protein (βAPP)‐cleaving secretases which are responsible for generation of the neurotoxic amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide, one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. In this study, we aimed to determine the underlying mechanisms of this regulation under pathological conditions. We establish that melatonin prevents Aβ42‐induced downregulation of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain‐containing protein 10 (ADAM10) as well as upregulation of β‐site APP‐cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and presenilin 1 (PS1) in SH‐SY5Y cell cultures. We also demonstrate that the intrinsic mechanisms of the observed effects occurred via regulation of nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB) and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)‐3β as melatonin reversed Aβ42‐induced upregulation and nuclear translocation of NF‐κBp65 as well as activation of GSK3β via its receptor activation. Furthermore, specific blocking of the NF‐κB and GSK3β pathways partially abrogated the Aβ42‐induced reduction in the BACE1 and PS1 levels. In addition, GSK3β blockage affected α‐secretase cleavage and modulated nuclear translocation of NF‐κB. Importantly, our study for the first time shows that peptidyl‐prolyl cis‐trans isomerase NIMA‐interacting 1 (Pin1) is a crucial target of melatonin. The compromised levels and/or genetic variation of Pin1 are associated with age‐dependent tau and Aβ pathologies and neuronal degeneration. Interestingly, melatonin alleviated the Aβ42‐induced reduction of nuclear Pin1 levels and preserved the functional integrity of this isomerase. Our findings illustrate that melatonin attenuates Aβ42‐induced alterations of βAPP‐cleaving secretases possibly via the Pin1/GSK3β/NF‐κB pathway.
The effects of late gestation nutrient restriction of dams on beef heifer intake, metabolites and hormones during an ad libitum feeding trial
Authors: Tipton J. E. , Ricks R. E. , LeMaster C. T. , Long N. M. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThis study's objective was to determine if nutrient restriction during late gestation affected beef heifer feed intake, body weight (BW) gain and endocrine regulation during a 10‐week feeding trial. During the last 100 days of gestation, control (CON) dams were fed to increase body condition score (BCS). Whereas, nutrient‐restricted dams (NR) and NR dams protein supplemented 3 days/week (NRS) were fed to decrease BCS by 1.2. After parturition, all cow‐calf pairs were moved to a common pasture and fed in excess of requirements until weaning. At 15 months of age, heifers were randomly sorted into two pens and adjusted to a commercial total mixed ration over a 2‐week period. Blood samples and BW were taken at the initiation of feeding and on a biweekly basis for the duration of the feeding trial. Feed intake was monitored for 10 weeks using a GrowSafe System. After 10 weeks, an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed on 21 randomly subsampled heifers. During the feeding trial, NR heifers consumed more feed than CON and NRS heifers. Heifers from NR dams tended to increase BW compared to NRS and CON heifers when adjusted for initial BW. Heifers from NR and NRS dams had a greater increase in BCS compared to heifers from CON dams. Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations during the feeding trial increased in NR heifers compared to the other groups beginning at 2 and 4 weeks respectively. Plasma leptin concentrations were increased in the NR and NRS heifers compared to the CON heifers beginning at week 4 of feeding. During the IVGTT at the conclusion of the feeding challenge, plasma glucose and insulin were increased in NR heifers compared to other treatment groups. These results show that nutrient restriction during late gestation alters appetite and endocrine regulation in heifer offspring.
Redox potential: An intrinsic parameter of the rumen environment
Authors: Huang Y. , Marden J. P. , Julien C. , Bayourthe C. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThe ruminal ecosystem is a fermentative milieu which is interesting to discuss in terms of its redox status as a reflection of an intense bacterial activity. The objective of this systematic literature review is to quantitatively analyze data collected on redox potential (Eh) in the rumen and to explore relationship between ruminal Eh, nature of the diet fed to ruminants, and ruminal fermentation parameters. Data obtained from 15 studies comprising 24 different diets was used in the analysis. Studies included in the data file were selected based on the criteria of: (i) the nature of the reference electrode was specified, (ii) the ruminal Ehwas recorded simultaneously topH, (iii) animal body weight (BW) and dry matter intake (DMI) were reported and (iv) the composition of the diet was precisely described. Results showed a high variability in ruminal Ehvalues. However, all recorded values are markedly negative reflecting the absence of oxygen and the strong reducing power of the rumen environment. The main factors contributing to the variation were the method of Ehmeasurement and the nature of the diet fed to ruminants. Redox potential was positively correlated withDMIand proportion of concentrate in the diet, and tended to be positively correlated with soluble carbohydrates content. In contrast, it was negatively correlated with neutral detergent fibre from forages. The hierarchical ascendant classification discriminated two groups of diets leading to significant change in ruminal Ehlevel. Ruminal Ehwas negatively correlated withpH, total volatile fatty acids produced and proportion of acetate, and positively correlated with proportion of propionate. This review revealed Ehto be dependent on the diet composition andDMI, at least within the range of diets included in the database.
Effect of dietary manipulation and vaccination of turkey breeder hens on immunoglobulin levels of yolk, yolk sac and neonate poults
Authors: Bhattacharyya A. , Majumdar S. , Bhanja S. K. , Mandal A. B. , Dash B. B. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryTwo hundred turkey breeder hens and 24 viable toms of 30–35 weeks age of small white variety were distributed into two treatment groups having four replicates of 25 hens and three toms in each treatment. First four replicates were offered a turkey breeder diet (Diet A) (Nutrient requirements of poultry, 1994, National Academic Press, Washington, DC) and the rest four replicates were maintained on a higher plane of nutrition (Diet B) for 8‐week duration. After 6 weeks of experimental feeding, two replicates from each treatment groups were vaccinated with ND (R2B) vaccine. Yolk sac of embryo from birds fed Diet B had a significantly higher (p < .05) IgG, IgM level and HI titre (log 2) than those fed Diet A. HI titre values of embryonic yolk sac from the vaccinated birds fed Diet B were significantly higher (p < .05) than that of the control groups. In addition, HI titre values were significantly higher (p < .05) in the day‐old poults of the birds fed Diet B than that of those fed Diet A. There was significantly (p < .01) positive correlation between serum IgG and IgM of the breeder birds and day‐old chicks. Similarly, there was significantly (p < .05) positive correlation between yolk IgG and IgM after 1‐month experimental feeding and yolk sac IgG and IgM. Positive correlation (p < .05) also existed between yolk sac IgM and day‐old chick serum IgM. Furthermore, the HI titres of breeder birds' serum at 14 days post‐vaccination were positively correlated with their egg yolk after 10 and 15 days post‐vaccination, yolk sac and day‐old chicks. Thus, the study envisaged that a higher immunity in neonate poults from turkey breeders maintained on a higher plane of nutrition may be elicited as there was maternal transfer of antibodies from the serum of breeder birds to their offsprings through their yolk sac.
Clinical and microbiological evaluation of the effect of Lactobacillus reuteri in the treatment of mucositis and peri‐implantitis: A triple‐blind randomized clinical trial
Authors: Galofré M. , Palao D. , Vicario M. , Nart J. , Violant D. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveOral probiotics appear to improve the treatment of periodontal diseases but there is limited evidence on their efficacy in the treatment of peri‐implant diseases. The objective of the present study was to evaluate, clinically and microbiologically, the effect of the oral probiotic, Lactobacillus reuteri Prodentis, as adjuvant to non‐surgical mechanical therapy in implants with mucositis or peri‐implantitis, placed in patients with a history of periodontal disease.Material and MethodsA randomized, controlled, parallel‐design, triple‐blind prospective clinical study was designed. Patients included in the study were partially edentulous and had implants with mucositis or peri‐implantitis. Implants with radiographic bone loss of ≥5 mm and/or ≥50% of the implant length were excluded, and only one implant per patient was included. After non‐surgical mechanical therapy, subjects were randomly assigned to take either 1 probiotic lozenge or 1 placebo lozenge every day for 30 days. Clinical measurements were taken in the whole mouth (general plaque index and general bleeding on probing) and at the implant site (probing pocket depth, plaque index and bleeding on probing) at baseline and 30 and 90 days Microbiological examination (to identify Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Prevotella intermedia, Peptostreptococcus micros, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Campylobacter rectus and Eikenella corrodens) was performed at the same study time points that clinical measurements were made.ResultsA total of 44 patients – 22 with mucositis and 22 with peri‐implantitis – randomly received treatment with either probiotic or placebo. The probiotic L. reuteri, together with mechanical therapy, produced an additional improvement over treatment with mechanical therapy alone, both in the general clinical parameters of patients with mucositis (bleeding on probing) and at the level of implants with mucositis (probing pocket depth) or peri‐implantitis (bleeding on probing and probing pocket depth). However, L. reuteri had a very limited effect on the peri‐implant microbiota because the only parameter in which a significant decrease was found was the bacterial load of P. gingivalis in implants with mucositis (P = .031).ConclusionThe administration of a daily lozenge of L. reuteri for 30 days, together with mechanical debridement of the whole mouth, improved the clinical parameters of implants with mucositis or peri‐implantitis over a period of at least 90 days, but the microbiological effect was much more limited. Probiotics provide an alternative therapeutic approach to consider in the prevention and treatment of peri‐implant diseases, but further long‐term prospective studies with standardized variables are needed.
Efficacy of local phytotherapy in the nonsurgical treatment of periodontal disease: A systematic review
Authors: Moro M. G. , Silveira Souto M. L. , Franco G. C. N. , Holzhausen M. , Pannuti C. M. 
Published: January 2018

Herbal drugs are commonly used in the treatment of several diseases, including periodontitis. So far, no systematic review had evaluated the evidence regarding the efficacy of these agents in the treatment of periodontal disease. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to evaluate the effect of local application of phytotherapic agents as adjuncts to scaling and root planing (SRP), compared to SRP alone, on clinical parameters of chronic periodontal patients. Only randomized controlled trials of at least 3 months follow‐up, of SRP alone in association with local phytotherapic agents were included. MEDLINE (PubMed), Google Scholar and LILACS databases were searched for articles published up to October 2016. Random‐effects meta‐analyses were conducted for clinical attachment level and probing pocket depth (PPD) change after treatment. Of 1861 papers potentially relevant, 7 were included. All studies showed that periodontal treatment in association with local phytotherapic delivery promotes a significant PPD reduction and the majority of them showed clinical attachment level gain. The local use of phytotherapy as an adjunct to SRP may promote additional benefits in PPD reduction and clinical attachment level gain. However, these results must be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size, high risk of bias and heterogeneity of the studies.
The bioequivalence of a single intravenous administration of the anesthetic alfaxalone in cyclodextrin versus alfaxalone in cyclodextrin plus preservatives in cats
Authors: Pasloske K. , Ranasinghe M. G. , Sauer S. , Hare J. 
Published: January 2018

To demonstrate the bioequivalence of alfaxalone in cyclodextrin (Reference Product) to a formulation of alfaxalone in cyclodextrin also containing the preservatives ethanol, chlorocresol, and benzethonium chloride (Test Product) when administered for the purpose of inducing anesthesia in the cat. Blinded, single‐dose, randomized, two‐period, two‐sequence, cross‐over bioequivalence study with a 7‐day washout period between treatments. Twenty‐four (12 neutered males and 12 intact females), healthy, adult cats weighing 4.1±0.9 kg. Cats were administered 5 mg/kg IV of alfaxalone in the Reference or Test Product using a randomized cross‐over design. One‐milliliter venous blood samples were collected at predetermined time points to 12 hr after drug administration to determine alfaxalone plasma concentration over time. Alfaxalone concentrations were determined by a validated analytical testing method using HPLC‐MS/MS. Plasma profiles of alfaxalone concentration against time were analyzed by noncompartmental analysis. The pivotal variables for bioequivalence were AUClast and Cmax. Equivalence was achieved if the 90% confidence interval for AUClast and Cmax fell into the asymmetric ±20% interval (0.80–1.25). Physiological variables, quality of anesthesia visual analog scale (VAS) scoring and anesthetic event times were recorded. ANOVA or ANCOVA (single time point), RMANOVA or RMANCOVA (multiple time point) was used for normally distributed data. GLIMMIX was used for nonnormally distributed data. VAS scores were analyzed as for blood bioequivalence data. Variables were evaluated for safety and assessed at alpha = 0.10. Cmax and AUClast for Reference and Test Products were statistically bioequivalent. No physiological variables except for a drug by time interaction for respiratory rate differed between treatment groups, and this difference was not clinically relevant. No anesthetic event times or VAS scores for quality of anesthesia were different between treatment groups. Neither formulation caused pain upon injection. The Reference and Test Products are pharmaceutically bioequivalent formulations when administered as a single intravenous administration for the purpose of induction of anesthesia in cats.
The impact ofMK‐467 on plasma drug concentrations, sedation and cardiopulmonary changes in sheep treated with intramuscular medetomidine and atipamezole for reversal
Authors: Adam M. , Raekallio M. R. , Keskitalo T. , Honkavaara J. M. , Scheinin M. , Kajula M. , Mölsä S. , Vainio O. M. 
Published: January 2018

The effect ofMK‐467, a peripheral α2‐adrenoceptor antagonist, on plasma drug concentrations, sedation and cardiopulmonary changes induced by intramuscular (IM) medetomidine was investigated in eight sheep. Additionally, the interactions with atipamezole (ATI) used for reversal were also evaluated. Each animal was treated four times in a randomized prospective crossover design with 2‐week washout periods. Medetomidine (MED) 30 μg/kg alone or combined in the same syringe withMK‐467 300 μg/kg (MMK) was injected intramuscular, followed byATI150 μg/kg (MED + ATIandMMK + ATI) or saline intramuscular 30 min later. Plasma was analysed for drug concentrations, and sedation was subjectively assessed with a visual analogue scale. Systemic haemodynamics and blood gases were measured before treatments and at intervals thereafter. WithMK‐467, medetomidine plasma concentrations were threefold higher prior toATI, which was associated with more profound sedation and shorter onset. No significant differences were observed in early cardiopulmonary changes between treatments. Atipamezole reversed the medetomidine‐related cardiopulmonary changes after both treatments. Sedation scores decreased more rapidly whenMK‐467 was included. In this study,MK‐467 appeared to have a pronounced effect on the plasma concentration and central effects of medetomidine, with minor cardiopulmonary improvement.
Pharmacokinetics of single‐dose sildenafil administered orally in clinically healthy dogs: Effect of feeding and dose proportionality
Authors: Akabane R. , Sato T. , Sakatani A. , Miyagawa Y. , Tazaki H. , Takemura N. 
Published: January 2018

Basic information related to the pharmacokinetics of sildenafil in dogs is scarce. This study aimed to describe the pharmacokinetic properties of oral sildenafil and determine the effect of feeding and dose proportionality. The effect of feeding on pharmacokinetics of sildenafil (1 mg/kg) was investigated using a crossover study with six dogs. In addition, the dose proportionality of sildenafil ranging 1–4 mg/kg was evaluated using five dogs in the fasted states. The plasma concentrations of sildenafil were determined using high‐performance liquid chromatography, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a noncompartmental analysis. Sildenafil administrations were well tolerated in all studies. Feeding reduced the area under the curve extrapolated to infinity (AUCinf) and the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) significantly. The elimination half‐life (T1/2) did not differ between the fasted and the fed states. For dose proportionality, nonproportional increases in AUCinf and Cmax at 1–4 mg/kg doses were detected by a power model analysis.
Individual species–area relationships in temperate coniferous forests
Authors: Das Adrian J. , Larson Andrew J. , Lutz James A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractQuestionsWhat drives individual species–area relationships in temperate coniferous forests?LocationTwo 25.6‐ha forest plots on the Pacific Slope of North America, one in California, and one in Washington State.MethodsWe mapped all trees ≥1 cm in diameter and examined tree species diversity of their local neighbourhoods by calculating the individual species–area relationship for each species and for each of three diameter classes (saplings, mature trees and large‐diameter trees).ResultsIn the California plot, small trees in four of the five major species occurred in neighbourhoods with higher levels of diversity than would be expected at random. In the Washington plot, small trees for four of five abundant species had neighbourhoods with lower than expected diversity at distances ≤5 m for small trees. However, at distances >5 m, all five species showed higher than expected diversity in their neighbourhoods. Larger trees at both plots tended to occur in neighbourhoods with lower than expected diversity, and no large‐diameter focal species had neighbourhoods with higher than expected diversity.ConclusionDiversity and co‐existence in temperate conifer‐dominated forests do not appear to be the result of random processes. Competitive interactions appear to dominate for the largest trees of most species, resulting in neighbourhoods with lower diversity. For smaller trees, we suggest that a positive response to environmental heterogeneity is the likely driver of neighbourhoods with higher than expected diversity, although we cannot rule out the possibility that facilitation or conspecific negative density dependence (CNDD) also play a role.
Effect of metabolites on stress, adaptation and longevity in laboratory populations of Drosophila flies
Authors: Yadav J. P. , Singh P. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMetabolites like lipid and carbohydrate have significant roles on starvation, desiccation and longevity and differ in natural and laboratory populations of Drosophila. Five laboratory populations of Drosophila ananassae have been subjected to paraquat‐induced mortality and longevity, desiccation resistance, body size and ovariole number and tested for different metabolites (lipid, carbohydrate and water), fecundity and polymorphic chromosome inversions in each sex. Paraquat dose–response has clinal variation and means that paraquat mortality at different concentrations is significantly altered among males only. The overall mean ovariole number varies significantly (P ≪ 0.001) among different populations and one‐way ANOVA suggests significant variations (P ≪ 0.001) with mean fecundity and latitude. Only female longevity varies significantly among five different populations (P ≪ 0.001). Fecundity shows positive correlations with the longevity and suggests a possible role of different metabolites in keeping the cost effect. Two‐way ANOVA among mean water, lipid and carbohydrate contents in both sexes of different populations suggest significant differences among metabolites (P ≪ 0.001), between males and females (P ≪ 0.001, d.f. = 1) and for their interactions with each other (P ≪ 0.001) also. Significant differences are found for mean longevity, lipid and carbohydrate contents in both sexes of different populations in a two‐way ANOVA analysis (P ≪ 0.001), which suggests possible roles in their utilization at different levels during adaptation and stress. Longevity is affected significantly (P ≪ 0.001) by desiccation resistance also. Different chromosome inversions and their combinations show significant variations and sexual dimorphism with latitude and thorax length (P ≪ 0.001) and their roles are discussed in achieving adaptation, stress resistance and longevity.