bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of deep rTMS for neuropathic pain in the lower limb: a randomized, double-blind crossover trial of an H-coil and figure-8 coil
Authors: Shimizu Takeshi , Hosomi Koichi , Maruo Tomoyuki , Goto Yuko , Yokoe Masaru , Kageyama Yu , Shimokawa Toshio , Yoshimine Toshiki , Saitoh Youichi 
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVEElectrical motor cortex stimulation can relieve neuropathic pain (NP), but its use requires patients to undergo an invasive procedure. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the primary motor cortex (M1) using a figure-8 coil can relieve NP noninvasively, but its ability to relieve lower limb pain is still limited. Deep rTMS using an H-coil can effectively stimulate deep brain regions and has been widely used for the treatment of various neurological diseases; however, there have been no clinical studies comparing the effectiveness of figure-8 coils and H-coils. This study assessed the clinical effectiveness of 5 once-daily stimulations with H-coils and figure-8 coils in patients with NP.METHODSThis randomized, double-blind, 3-way crossover trial examined 18 patients with NP who sequentially received 3 types of stimulations in the M1 for 5 consecutive days; each 5-day stimulation period was followed by a 17-day follow-up period before crossing over to the next type of stimulation. During each rTMS session, patients received a 5-Hz rTMS to the M1 region corresponding to the painful lower limb. The visual analog scale (VAS) and the Japanese version of the short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire 2 (SF-MPQ2-J) were used to measure pain intensity. The primary outcome was VAS score reduction immediately after and 1 hour after intervention.RESULTSBoth the VAS and SF-MPQ2-J showed significant pain improvement immediately after deep rTMS with an H-coil as compared with the sham group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.049, respectively). However, neither outcome measure showed significant pain improvement when using a figure-8 coil. The VAS also showed significant pain improvement 1 hour after deep rTMS with an H-coil (p = 0.004) but not 1 hour after rTMS using a figure-8 coil. None of the patients exhibited any serious adverse events.CONCLUSIONSThe current findings suggest that the use of deep rTMS with an H-coil in the lower limb region of the M1 in patients with NP was tolerable and could provide significant short-term pain relief.Clinical trial registration no.: UMIN000010536 (http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/)
Metabolite and functional profile of patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy
Authors: Aleksanderek Izabela , Stevens Todd K. , Goncalves Sandy , Bartha Robert , Duggal Neil 
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVEThe goal of this study was to compare the recovery of neuronal metabolism and functional reorganization in the primary motor cortex (M1) between mild and moderate cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) following surgical intervention.METHODSTwenty-eight patients with CSM underwent 3-T MRI scans that included spectroscopy and functional MRI, before surgery and 6 months postsurgery. The classification of severity was based on the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association questionnaire. Mild and moderate myelopathy were defined by modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores > 12 of 18 (n = 15) and 9–12 (n = 13), respectively. Ten healthy control subjects underwent 2 MRI scans 6 months apart. Metabolite levels were measured in the M1 contralateral to the greater deficit side in patients with CSM and on both sides in the controls. Motor function was assessed using a right finger–tapping paradigm and analyzed with BrainVoyager QX.RESULTSPatients with mild CSM had a lower preoperative N-acetylaspartate to creatine (NAA/Cr) ratio compared with moderate CSM, suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction. Postsurgery, NAA/Cr in moderate CSM decreased to the levels observed in mild CSM. Preoperatively, patients with mild CSM had a larger volume of activation (VOA) in the M1 than those with moderate CSM. Postoperatively, the VOAs were comparable between the mild and moderate CSM groups and had shifted toward the primary sensory cortex.CONCLUSIONSThe NAA/Cr ratio and VOA size in the M1 can be used to discriminate between mild and moderate CSM. Postsurgery, the metabolite profile of the M1 did not recover in either group, despite significant clinical improvement. The authors proposed that metabolic impairment in the M1 may trigger the recruitment of adjacent healthy cortex to achieve functional recovery.
18F-FDG PET/CT in the detection of asymptomatic malignant melanoma recurrence
Authors: Lawal Ismaheel , Lengana Thabo , Ololade Kehinde , Boshomane Tebatso , Reyneke Florette , Modiselle Moshe , Vorster Mariza , Sathekge Mike 
Published: February 2017

SummaryAim: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of FDG PET/CT in the detection of asymptomatic recurrence in patients with malignant melanoma who have had resection of their primary lesion. We also aimed to determine the pattern and factors predisposing to disease recurrence. Methods: Patients with malignant melanoma who have had surgical resection of their disease and without any clinical evidence of disease recurrence were followed- up with FDG PET/CT. The diagnostic accuracy of FDG PET/CT, pattern of recurrence and factors predictive of disease recurrence were determined. Results: A total of 144 patients were followed-up for a median period of 50.50 months. Asymptomatic recurrence was seen in 37 patients (25.7 %) with a median time to recurrence of 20 months. Lymph node was the commonest site of asymptomatic recurrence. Sex, tumour depth, histology type and presence of nodal metastasis were significant predictors of tumour recurrence. Age, race, site of primary lesion, type of lymph node resection were not significant predictors of disease recurrence. Race has a significant effect on the histological subtype of tumour (nodular maligna was more common in Caucasian while acral lentiginous was more prevalent in the Blacks) and the site of the primary lesion (lower limb in Blacks and trunk in Caucasians). Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of FDG PET/CT for the detection of disease recurrence were 94.5 %, 87.6 % and 89.6 % respectively. Conclusion: FDG PET/CT is a suitable modality for early detection of asymptomatic recurrence of malignant melanoma. Asymptomatic recurrence most commonly occurs in lymph nodes. Sex, nodal metastasis and tumour pathologic features are predictors of recurrence.
Molecular Outflows in Local ULIRGs: Energetics from Multitransition OH Analysis
Authors: González-Alfonso E. , Fischer J. , Spoon H. W. W. , Stewart K. P. , Ashby M. L. N. , Veilleux S. , Smith H. A. , Sturm E. , Farrah D. , Falstad N. , Meléndez M. , Graciá-Carpio J. , Janssen A. W. , Lebouteiller V. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We report on the energetics of molecular outflows in 14 local ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) that show unambiguous outflow signatures (P Cygni profiles or high-velocity absorption wings) in the far-infrared lines of OH measured with the Herschel/PACS spectrometer. All sample galaxies are gas-rich mergers at various stages of the merging process. Detection of both ground-state (at 119 and 79 μm) and one or more radiatively excited (at 65 and 84 μm) lines allows us to model the nuclear gas (≲300 pc) and the more extended components using spherically symmetric radiative transfer models. Reliable models and the corresponding energetics are found in 12 of the 14 sources. The highest molecular outflow velocities are found in buried sources, in which slower but massive expansion of the nuclear gas is also observed. With the exception of a few outliers, the outflows have momentum fluxes of (2–5) × L
IR/c and mechanical luminosities of (0.1–0.3)% of L
IR. The moderate momentum boosts in these sources (≲3) suggest that the outflows are mostly momentum driven by the combined effects of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and nuclear starbursts, as a result of radiation pressure, winds, and supernova remnants. In some sources (∼20%), however, powerful (1010.5–11
L
⊙) AGN feedback and (partially) energy-conserving phases are required, with momentum boosts in the range of 3–20. These outflows appear to be stochastic, strong AGN feedback events that occur throughout the merging process. In a few sources, the outflow activity in the innermost regions has subsided in the past ∼1 Myr. While OH traces the molecular outflows at subkiloparsec scales, comparison of the masses traced by OH with those previously inferred from tracers of more extended outflowing gas suggests that most mass is loaded (with loading factors of

) from the central galactic cores (a few × 100 pc), qualitatively consistent with an ongoing inside-out quenching of star formation. Outflow depletion timescales are <108 yr, shorter than the gas consumption timescales by factors of 1.1–15, and are anticorrelated with the AGN luminosity.
Asteroseismic Diagram for Subgiants and Red Giants
Authors: Gai Ning , Tang Yanke , Yu Peng , Dou Xianghua 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Asteroseismology is a powerful tool for constraining stellar parameters. NASA’s Kepler mission is providing individual eigenfrequencies for a huge number of stars, including thousands of red giants. Besides the frequencies of acoustic modes, an important breakthrough of the Kepler mission is the detection of nonradial gravity-dominated mixed-mode oscillations in red giants. Unlike pure acoustic modes, mixed modes probe deeply into the interior of stars, allowing the stellar core properties and evolution of stars to be derived. In this work, using the gravity-mode period spacing and the large frequency separation, we construct the ΔΠ1–Δν asteroseismic diagram from models of subgiants and red giants with various masses and metallicities. The relationship ΔΠ1–Δν is able to constrain the ages and masses of the subgiants. Meanwhile, for red giants with masses above 1.5 M
⊙, the ΔΠ1–Δν asteroseismic diagram can also work well to constrain the stellar age and mass. Additionally, we calculate the relative “isochrones” τ, which indicate similar evolution states especially for similar mass stars, on the ΔΠ1–Δν diagram.
Label Transfer from APOGEE to LAMOST: Precise Stellar Parameters for 450,000 LAMOST Giants
Authors: Ho Anna Y. Q. , Ness Melissa K. , Hogg David W. , Rix Hans-Walter , Liu Chao , Yang Fan , Zhang Yong , Hou Yonghui , Wang Yuefei 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In this era of large-scale spectroscopic stellar surveys, measurements of stellar attributes (“labels,” i.e., parameters and abundances) must be made precise and consistent across surveys. Here, we demonstrate that this can be achieved by a data-driven approach to spectral modeling. With The Cannon, we transfer information from the APOGEE survey to determine precise

,

,

, and

from the spectra of 450,000 LAMOST giants. The Cannon fits a predictive model for LAMOST spectra using 9952 stars observed in common between the two surveys, taking five labels from APOGEE DR12 as ground truth

,

,

,

, and K-band extinction

. The model is then used to infer

,

,

, and

for 454,180 giants, 20% of the LAMOST DR2 stellar sample. These are the first

values for the full set of LAMOST giants, and the largest catalog of

for giant stars to date. Furthermore, these labels are by construction on the APOGEE label scale; for spectra with S/N > 50, cross-validation of the model yields typical uncertainties of 70 K in

, 0.1 in

, 0.1 in

, and 0.04 in

, values comparable to the broadly stated, conservative APOGEE DR12 uncertainties. Thus, by using “label transfer” to tie low-resolution (LAMOST R ≈ 1800) spectra to the label scale of a much higher-resolution (APOGEE R ≈ 22,500) survey, we substantially reduce the inconsistencies between labels measured by the individual survey pipelines. This demonstrates that label transfer with The Cannon can successfully bring different surveys onto the same physical scale.
Requiring students to justify answer changes during collaborative testing may be necessary for improved academic performance*
Authors: Zhang Niu , Henderson Charles N.R. 
Published: February 2017

Objective:Three hypotheses were tested in a chiropractic education program: (1) Collaborative topic-specific exams during a course would enhance student performance on a noncollaborative final exam administered at the end-of-term, compared to students given traditional (noncollaborative) topic-specific exams during the course. (2) Requiring reasons for answer changes during collaborative topical exams would further enhance final-exam performance. (3) There would be a differential question-type effect on the cumulative final exam, with greater improvement in comprehension question scores compared to simple recall question scores.Methods:A total of 223 students participated in the study. Students were assigned to 1 of 2 study cohorts: (1) control – a traditional, noncollaborative, exam format; (2) collaborative exam only (CEO) – a collaborative format, not requiring answer change justification; and (3) collaborative exam with justification (CEJ) – a collaborative exam format, but requiring justification for answer changes.Results:Contrary to expectation (hypothesis 1), there was no significant difference between control and CEO final exam scores (p = .566). However, CEJ final exam scores were statistically greater (hypothesis 2) than the control (p = .010) and CEO (p = .011) scores. There was greater collaboration benefit when answering comprehension than recall questions during topic-specific exams (p = .000), but this did not differentially influence study cohort final exam scores (p = .571, hypothesis 3).Conclusion:We conclude that test collaboration with the requirement that students explain the reason for making answer changes is a more effective learning tool than simple collaboration that does not require answer change justification.
Relationships among climatological vertical moisture structure, column water vapor, and precipitation over the central Amazon in observations and CMIP5 models
Authors: Lintner Benjamin R. , Adams David K. , Schiro Kathleen A. , Stansfield Alyssa M. , Amorim Rocha Alciélio A. , Neelin J. David 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBias and spread in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 simulated vertical specific humidity (q) structure are examined and related to both precipitation and column water vapor (cwv) near Manaus, Brazil, site of the recent Green Ocean Amazon campaign. Simulated seasonal mean q profiles are typically too dry, especially at low levels and during the local dry season, consistent with previously identified surface hydroclimate biases in the Amazon. Multimodel empirical orthogonal function analysis of the models' monthly climatological q profiles indicates two significant modes of ensemble spread in moisture vertical structure, with the leading mode peaked at low levels and the second mode in the lower free troposphere (LFT). While both modes project onto simulated cwv spread, only the first projects on precipitation, suggesting inconsistent sensitivity of simulated rainfall to LFT moisture. Relative to observations, models with high cwv and low‐level moisture errors tend to exhibit high precipitation error.
Influences of various magnetospheric and ionospheric current systems on geomagnetically induced currents around the world
Authors: de Villiers J. S. , Kosch M. , Yamazaki Y. , Lotz S. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractGround‐based observations of geomagnetic field (B field) are usually a superposition of signatures from different source current systems in the magnetosphere and ionosphere. Fluctuating B fields generate geoelectric fields (E fields), which drive geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) in technological conducting media at the Earth's surface. We introduce a new Fourier integral B field model of east/west directed line current systems over a one‐dimensional multilayered Earth in plane geometry. Derived layered‐Earth profiles, given in the literature, are needed to calculate the surface impedance, and therefore reflection coefficient in the integral. The 2003 Halloween storm measurements were Fourier transformed for B field spectrum Levenberg‐Marquardt least squares inversion over latitude. The inversion modeled strengths of the equatorial electrojets, auroral electrojets, and ring currents were compared to the forward problem computed strength. It is found the optimized and direct results match each other closely and supplement previous established studies about these source currents. Using this model, a data set of current system magnitudes may be used to develop empirical models linking solar wind activity to magnetospheric current systems. In addition, the ground E fields are also calculated directly, which serves as a proxy for computing GIC in conductor‐based networks.
Amplification of a FRET Probe by Lipid–Water Partition for the Detection of Acid Sphingomyelinase in Live Cells
Authors: Pinkert Thomas , Furkert David , Korte Thomas , Herrmann Andreas , Arenz Christoph 
Published: February 2017

AbstractReal‐time monitoring of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) activity is crucial for investigating its role in lipid‐mediated signaling processes. In this study, we synthesized fluorescent phosphosphingolipids capable of FRET by phosphorodichloridate chemistry. These sphingomyelin analogues are substrates for recombinant human ASM and can be used to monitor ASM activity by fluorescence spectroscopy. Incubation with cell lysates from wild‐type and knock‐out mice further confirmed probe cleavage to be exclusive to ASM. We also systematically exploited the environmental sensitivity of the fluorophores to achieve significant increases in responsiveness. This concept may be transferred to other lipid probes in the future. The ASM activity in live cells was imaged by two‐photon‐excitation microscopy.
Randomized Controlled Trial Demonstrating Cost‐Effective Method of Olfactory Training in Clinical Practice: Essential Oils at Uncontrolled Concentration
Authors: Patel Zara M. , Wise Sarah K. , DelGaudio John M. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivesPublished data examining the efficacy of olfactory training (OT) has used standardized concentrations of odorants and the Sniffin’ Sticks testing method. Although well‐validated, these methods are costly and time‐intensive for the average otolaryngology practice. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of using essential oils at random concentrations and the University of Pennsylvania Smell Test (UPSIT) for training and testing, and compare this with the existing data on OT.Study DesignRandomized Clinical TrialMethods: Patients presenting to a tertiary care rhinology center with subjective loss of smell and olfactory loss measured by UPSIT were randomized to OT or control for 6 months. Only patients with loss of smell greater than one‐year duration, and loss associated with post‐infectious and idiopathic etiologies were included. Baseline UPSIT was compared to 6‐month UPSIT. An accepted 10% change or better was used to establish a significant improvement on UPSIT.Results43 patients were enrolled. Eight patients were lost to follow‐up, with a total of 35 completing the study. Age ranged from 39–71 with an average of 56. Of 19 patients in the OT group, 6 showed significant improvement (32%), while only two out of 16 patients (13%) in the control group improved. Increasing age and duration of loss were significantly correlated to lack of improvement.ConclusionAllowing patients to use random concentrations of essential oils to perform OT is as effective as published data using controlled concentrations of odorants for post‐infectious and idiopathic olfactory loss.Level of Evidence1b.
Investigating Photocurable Thiol‐Yne Resins for Biomedical Materials
Authors: Oesterreicher Andreas , Moser Andreas , Edler Matthias , Griesser Heidi , Schlögl Sandra , Pichelmayer Margit , Griesser Thomas 
Published: February 2017

This study deals with the investigation of photocurable thiol‐yne resins covering several important aspects for the production of medical devices by UV‐based manufacturing processes. In this context, the performance of different low‐toxic photoinitiators (PIs) and stabilizers are evaluated in thiol‐yne formulations based on di(but‐1‐yn‐4‐yl) carbonate and various multifunctional thiol monomers. Photodifferential scanning calorimetry measurements reveal that the conversion of all resin formulations is mostly independent on the type and concentration of the applied photoinitiator; however, significant differences in their curing speed are observed. It turns out that the migration of an alkyne derivatized photoinitiator is significantly reduced while providing almost similar photoactivity as its nonfunctionalized reference. Moreover, it is found that lauryl gallate and butylated hydroxytoluene lead to significant stabilization without affecting the overall photoreactivity. Notably, the thermomechanical properties of the investigated photopolymers are only slightly affected by water absorption. Using ester free thiols, water absorption can be reduced and hydrolytically stable polymers are realized. These results highlight the versatility of the present thiol‐yne system for the production of medical materials by photopolymerization.
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Acute recapitulation of the hyperinsulinemia and hyperlipidemia characteristic of metabolic syndrome suppresses gonadotropins
Authors: Chosich Justin , Bradford Andrew P. , Allshouse Amanda A. , Reusch Jane E. B. , Santoro Nanette , Schauer Irene E. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of lipid/heparin versus saline infusion, with or without concurrent euglycemic hyperinsulinemia, on serum follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Obesity is associated with hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and relative hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. It was hypothesized that acutely elevated fatty acids and insulin would impair gonadotropin secretion.MethodsRegularly cycling women and men without obesity underwent a crossover 6‐hour infusion study over four visits. Participants received infusions of saline‐control, lipid/heparin, insulin, and lipid/heparin plus insulin. Serum FSH and LH were measured by immunoassay.ResultsIn women (n = 10), infusion of lipid plus insulin significantly reduced LH, from 4.6 IU/L (3.7‐5.4) (mean [95% confidence interval]) to 3.3 IU/L (2.3‐4.4); P = 0.03, and FSH, from 3.9 IU/L (3.2‐4.6) to 3.1 IU/L (2.3‐3.8); P = 0.03, compared to saline‐control. Similarly, in men (n = 10), LH, 3.3 IU/L (2.4‐4.1), and FSH, 2.1 IU/L (1.4‐2.8), were significantly reduced after the combined infusion (2.2 [1.3‐3.1] IU/L and 1.5 [0.8‐2.1] IU/L; P = 0.03, P = 0.02, respectively). Neither lipid nor insulin alone significantly impacted gonadotropin levels compared to saline‐control.ConclusionsHyperinsulinemia combined with elevated lipids acutely suppresses LH and FSH, providing a possible mechanism underlying the relative hypogonadotropic hypogonadism of obesity. Effects of insulin on the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal axis may be dependent on the concomitant metabolic environment.