bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the Properties of Mixed Micelles of Disodium Salt of 3-({2-[(2-Carboxy-ethyl)-dodecanoyl-amino]-ethyl}-dodecanoyl-amino)-propionic Acid in Solution Systems
Authors: Xu Kai , Xu HuJun , Cao Qin , Yin JinSong 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This study focuses on the properties of mixed micelles of di-sodium salt of 3-({2-[(2-Carboxy-ethyl)-dodecanoyl-amino]-ethyl}-dodecanoyl-amino)-propionic acid (symbolized as DLMC) in solution systems (DLMC/DTAB and DLMC/AEO6). The micro-polarity of the mixed micelles was determined by the fluorospectrophotometer. When the concentration is above CMC, the micellar micro-polarity and the aggregation number (Nm) of the mixed micelles were measured by a steady state fluorescence quenching method. The average hydrodynamic radius (Rh) of the mixed micelles was studied by means of dynamic light scattering. The results show that the micro-polarity of micelle nucleus decreases obviously with increasing concentration. The aggregation number of DLMC mixed systems is smaller than that of single surfactants. The difference of the proportion of the two surfactants has little effect on the aggregation number of mixed systems. It is easy to generate molecular aggregates with lower curvature from DLMC than the corresponding monomeric surfactant (DTAB), and DLMC can generate huge linear micelles at low concentrations when mixed with other surfactants.
Microscopic Evidence for the Correlation of Micellar Structures and Counterion Binding Constant for Flexible Nanoparticle Catalyzed Piperidinolysis of PS− in Colloidal System
Authors: Khalid Khalisanni , Zain Sharifuddin Md. , Suk Vicit Rizal Eh , Khan M. Niyaz 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The interest to determine the ionization degree of counterion initiates the need to study the relationship between counterion binding constant (RX
Br) and the growth of self-assembly micellar structure. This paper discussed the microscopic evidence for the correlation of counterion binding constant values and micellar structure of cationic surfactants in the presence of phenolates and 2-ethyl phenolates ions in flexible nanoparticle (FN)-system of ionized phenyl salicylate-catalyzed piperidinolysis. The sizes of micelles were determined by particle size analysis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results showed a spherical micellar structure for phenolates and 2-ethyl phenolates ions at counterion binding constant values 6.3 ± 1.0 and 24.0 ± 1.1 respectively. A study using a semi-emperical kinetic technique in published article proved that the suggested micellar structures at respective counterion binding constant values corresponded with the present microscopic evidence.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence Studies of Sporadic Inclusion Body Myositis
Authors: Callan Aoife , Capkun Gorana , Vasanthaprasad Vijayalakshmi , Freitas Rita , Needham Merrilee 
Published: May 2017

Background: Sporadic Inclusion Body Myositis (sIBM) is a rare and slowly progressive debilitating muscle disease with symptoms generally developing≥50 years of age. Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of sIBM literature, including a methodological quality assessment of the selected papers. Methods: A systematic search of Medline, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and major Myositis and Neurological conferences was conducted. Articles reporting prevalence and published in English up to March 2017 were assessed for methodology quality using the Loney quality assessment, Downs & Black score, and the Methodological Evaluation of Observational Research checklists. Meta-analyses using random effects were completed on both general population and≥50 years prevalence estimates. Results: 315 articles were retrieved and data were extracted from 10 relevant studies. One study was subsequently excluded due to methodological issues. The meta-prevalence estimate from 9 papers was 24.8/1,000,000 (95% CI: 20.0–29.6). The methodological quality results were consistent across assessment tools with four articles scoring 4 or 5 out of 8 in the Loney assessment. The meta-prevalence of these four articles was 45.6/ 1,000,000 (95% CI: 35.9–55.2). Conclusion: There was high variability in reported sIBM prevalence estimates and the quality of the studies conducted. Existing evidence suggests an increase of prevalence estimates over time, which may be explained by growing disease awareness, improvements in diagnostic criteria and study methodologies. Further high quality studies are needed to understand if prevalence varies across geographies or ethnicities.
Therapeutic effects of oral dimethyl fumarate on stroke induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion: An animal experimental study
Authors: Safari Anahid , Fazeli Mehdi , Namavar Mohammad Reza , Tanideh Nader , Jafari Peyman , Borhani-Haghighi Afshin 
Published: May 2017

Background: Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) has immune-modulatory and neuro-protective characteristics that can be used for treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effects of DMF on histological and functional recovery of rats after transient middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. Methods: 22 Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 275–300 g were randomized into three groups by block randomization. In the sham group ( n = 7), the neck was opened, but neither MCA was occluded, nor any drug was administered. The control group ( n = 7) was treated with vehicle (methocel) by gavage for 14 days after MCA occlusion. In the DMF-treated group ( n = 8), treatment was performed with 15 mg/kg body weight dimethyl fumarate twice a day for 14 days after MCA occlusion. Transient occlusion of the right MCA was performed by intraluminal thread method in the DMF-treated and the control group. Neurological deficit score (NDS), pole test, and adhesive removal test were performed before the surgery, and on post-operative Days 0, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14. After the final behaviour test, the animals’ brains were perfused and removed. Brains were frozen and sectioned serially and coronally using a cryostat. Infract volume and brain volume were estimated by stereology. Results: The percentage of infarct volume was significantly lower in DMF-treated animals (5.76%) than in the control group (22.39%) ( P < 0.0001). Regarding behavioural tests, the DMF-treated group showed better function in NDS on Days 7 ( P = 0.041) and 10 ( P = 0.046), but not in pole and adhesive removal tests. There was no significant correlation between behavioural tests and histological results. Conclusion: Dimethyl fumarate could be beneficial as a potential neuroprotective agent in the treatment of stroke.
Transcranial direct current stimulation combined with visuo-motor training as treatment for chronic stroke patients
Authors: Pavlova Elena L. , Lindberg Påvel , Khan Amirah , Ruschkowski Sigurd , Nitsche Michael A. , Borg Jörgen 
Published: May 2017

Background: Recent studies exploring the combined effect of motor learning and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for stroke rehabilitation have shown partially conflicting results. Objective: To test the efficacy of an optimized hand training approach combined with tDCS in stroke patients. Methods: In the present pilot study we investigated motor effects of four-week training with a visuomotor grip force tracking task combined with tDCS in 11 chronic stroke patients. Anodal (0.5 mA) or sham tDCS was applied over the primary motor cortex of the lesioned side for 20 minutes, twice a day, during training. Results: No difference between the Active and Sham groups in the total upper extremity (UE) Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) score was found. The most prominent recovery occurred in the shoulder-elbow FMA sub-score; in this segment a significantly greater improvement in the Active compared to the Sham group was observed up to two months after the intervention. Mean hold force during the first treatment session predicted the change in the total UE FMA score after treatment. Conclusion: Four-week visuo-motor training combined with tDCS showed no difference between the Active and Sham groups in the total UE FMA score, which may be explained by heterogeneity of the degree of recovery in the Active group. However, the shoulder-elbow FMA sub-score improved significantly more in the Active compared to the Sham group, which deserves further study.
Rigid motion artifact reduction in CT using frequency domain analysis
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Zhang Liyi , Sun Yunshan 
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUND: It is often unrealistic to assume that the subject remains stationary during a computed tomography (CT) imaging scan. A patient rigid motion can be decomposed into a translation and a rotation around an origin. How to minimize the motion impact on image quality is important. OBJECTIVE: To eliminate artifacts caused by patient rigid motion during a CT scan, this study investigated a new method based on frequency domain analysis to estimate and compensate motion impact. METHODS: Motion parameters was first determined by the magnitude correlation of projections in frequency domain. Then, the estimated parameters were applied to compensate for the motion effects in the reconstruction process. Finally, this method was extended to helical CT. RESULTS: In fan-beam CT experiments, the simulation results showed that the proposed method was more accurate and faster on the performance of motion estimation than using Helgason-Ludwig consistency condition method (HLCC). Furthermore, the reconstructed images on both simulated and human head experiments indicated that the proposed method yielded superior results in artifact reduction. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed method is a new tool for patient motion compensation, with a potential for practical application. It is not only applicable to motion correction in fan-beam CT imaging, but also to helical CT.
Patient use of blood pressure self-screening facilities in general practice waiting rooms: a qualitative study in the UK
Authors: Tompson Alice C , Grant Sabrina , Greenfield Sheila M , McManus Richard J , Fleming Susannah , Heneghan Carl J , Hobbs FD Richard , Ward Alison M 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundBlood pressure (BP) self-screening, whereby members of the public have access to BP monitoring equipment outside of healthcare consultations, may increase the detection and treatment of hypertension. Currently in the UK such opportunities are largely confined to GP waiting rooms.AimTo investigate the reasons why people do or do not use BP self-screening facilities.Design and settingA cross-sectional, qualitative study in Oxfordshire, UK.MethodSemi-structured interviews with members of the general public recruited using posters in GP surgeries and community locations were recorded, transcribed, and coded thematically.ResultsOf the 30 interviewees, 20% were hypertensive and almost half had self-screened. Those with no history of elevated readings had limited concern over their BP: self-screening filled the time waiting for their appointment or was done to help their doctor. Patients with hypertension self-screened to avoid the feelings they associated with ‘white coat syndrome’ and to introduce more control into the measurement process. Barriers to self-screening included a lack of awareness, uncertainty about technique, and worries over measuring BP in a public place. An unanticipated finding was that several interviewees preferred monitoring their BP in the waiting room than at home.ConclusionBP self-screening appeared acceptable to service users. Further promotion and education could increase awareness among non-users of the need for BP screening, the existence of self-screening facilities, and its ease of use. Waiting room monitors could provide an alternative for patients with hypertension who are unwilling or unable to monitor at home.
Influences on GP coping and resilience: a qualitative study in primary care
Authors: Cheshire Anna , Ridge Damien , Hughes John , Peters David , Panagioti Maria , Simon Chantal , Lewith George 
Published: May 2017

Background‘Neoliberal’ work policies, austerity, NHS restructuring, and increased GP consultation rates provide the backdrop against increasing reports of GP burnout and an impending shortage of GPs.AimTo explore GPs’ experiences of workplace challenges and stresses, and their coping strategies, particularly focusing on understanding the impact of recent NHS workplace change.Design and settingStudy design was qualitative, with data collected from two focus groups and seven one-to-one telephone interviews.MethodFocus groups and one-to-one telephone interviews explored the experiences of GPs currently practising in England, recruited through convenience sampling. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview approach and analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThere were 22 GP participants recruited: focus groups (n = 15) and interviews (n = 7). Interviewees understood GPs to be under intense and historically unprecedented pressures, which were tied to the contexts in which they work, with important moral implications for ‘good’ doctoring. Many reported that being a full-time GP was too stressful: work-related stress led to mood changes, sleep disruption, increases in anxiety, and tensions with loved ones. Some had subsequently sought ways to downsize their clinical workload. Workplace change resulted in little time for the things that helped GP resilience: a good work–life balance and better contact with colleagues. Although some GPs were coping better than others, GPs acknowledged that there was only so much an individual GP could do to manage their stress, given the external work issues they faced.ConclusionGPs experience their emotional lives and stresses as being meaningfully shaped by NHS factors. To support GPs to provide effective care, resilience building should move beyond the individual to include systemic work issues.
Patients’ preferences for GP consultation for perceived cancer risk in primary care: a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Whitaker Katriina L , Ghanouni Alex , Zhou Yin , Lyratzopoulos Georgios , Morris Stephen 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundContacting a doctor for advice when experiencing a potential cancer symptom is an important step in early diagnosis, but barriers to consultation are commonly reported. Understanding barriers to consulting in primary care within the cancer context provides opportunities to improve earlier diagnosis of cancerAimTo investigate patients’ GP consultation preferences when presented with a potential cancer symptom, and to describe whether these preferences are mediated by variable levels of cancer risk.Design and settingA UK-wide online survey of adults ≥50 years old, using quota sampling to reflect general population characteristics.MethodA discrete choice experiment examined participants’ preferences for primary care consultation for three cancer symptom scenarios: risk level not mentioned, risk designated as ‘low’, or risk designated as ‘high’. Scenarios based on length of consultation, time to getting an appointment, convenience, choice of GP, and GP listening skills were presented in a self-completed online questionnaire.ResultsA total of 9616 observations were obtained from 601 participants. Participants expressed preferences for doctors with better listening skills, the ability to see a GP of their choice, and shorter waiting times. These findings were the same across risk conditions and demographic groups. Participants were willing to wait an extra 3.5 weeks for an appointment with a doctor with good/very good listening skills (versus very poor listening skills) and an extra week for an appointment with a GP of their choice (versus any GP).ConclusionPatient decisions about help seeking seem to be particularly influenced by the anticipated listening skills of doctors. Improving doctors’ communication skills may in the longer term encourage people to seek prompt medical help when they experience a cancer symptom.
Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the A3Π–X3Σ− Transition of OH+
Authors: Hodges James N. , Bernath Peter F. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The OH+ ion is of critical importance to the chemistry in the interstellar medium and is a prerequisite for the generation of more complex chemical species. Submillimeter and ultraviolet observations rely on high quality laboratory spectra. Recent measurements of the fundamental vibrational band and previously unanalyzed Fourier transform spectra of the near-ultraviolet A
3Π−X
3Σ− electronic spectrum, acquired at the National Solar Observatory at Kitt Peak in 1989, provide an excellent opportunity to perform a global fit of the available data. These new optical data are approximately four times more precise as compared to the previous values. The fit to the new data provides updated molecular constants, which are necessary to predict the OH+ transition frequencies accurately to support future observations. These new constants are the first published using the modern effective Hamiltonian for a linear molecule. These new molecular constants allow for easy simulation of transition frequencies and spectra using the PGOPHER program. The new constants improve simulations of higher J-value infrared transitions, and represent an improvement of an order of magnitude for some constants pertaining to the optical transitions.
Growth of Bulges in Disk Galaxies Since z ∼ 1
Authors: Sachdeva Sonali , Saha Kanak , Singh Harinder P. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
We investigate the growth of bulges in bright (

) disk galaxies since

, in rest-frame B and I-band, using images from HST ACS and WFC3 in GOODS-South for high redshifts (

) and SDSS for local (

). The growth history has been traced by performing two-component bulge-disk decomposition and further classifying the bulges into pseudos and classicals using the Kormendy relation. We have about 27% pseudo and 40% classical bulges in our sample. Classical bulges are brighter than pseudo, in both rest-bands, at all redshifts probed here; in fact since

, classicals are about ∼1 mag brighter than pseudo bulges. Both bulges have witnessed substantial growth, more than half of their present-day stellar mass has been gained since

. Their host disks have grown concurrently, becoming progressively brighter in rest-frame I-band. The high-redshift host disks of both pseudo and classical bulges are found to be equally clumpy in rest-frame B-band. In the same band, we found that the growth of classical bulges is accompanied by fading of their host disks—which might be an indication of secular processes in action. However, both host disk as well as the bulge have grown substantially in terms of stellar mass. Our analysis suggests that clump migration and secular processes alone cannot account for the bulge growth, since

, accretion, and minor mergers would be required.
An ALMA Survey of Submillimeter Galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: Spectroscopic Redshifts
Authors: Danielson A. L. R. , Swinbank A. M. , Smail Ian , Simpson J. M. , Casey C. M. , Chapman S. C. , Cunha E. da , Hodge J. A. , Walter F. , Wardlow J. L. , Alexander D. M. , Brandt W. N. , Breuck C. de , Coppin K. E. K. , Dannerbauer H. , Dickinson M. , Edge A. C. , Gawiser E. , Ivison R. J. , Karim A. , Kovacs A. , Lutz D. , Menten K. , Schinnerer E. , Weiß A. , Werf P. van der 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
We present spectroscopic redshifts of

mJy submillimeter galaxies (SMGs), which have been identified from the ALMA follow-up observations of 870 μm detected sources in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South (the ALMA-LESS survey). We derive spectroscopic redshifts for 52 SMGs, with a median of z = 2.4 ± 0.1. However, the distribution features a high-redshift tail, with ∼23% of the SMGs at

. Spectral diagnostics suggest that the SMGs are young starbursts, and the velocity offsets between the nebular emission and UV ISM absorption lines suggest that many are driving winds, with velocity offsets of up to 2000 km s−1. Using the spectroscopic redshifts and the extensive UV-to-radio photometry in this field, we produce optimized spectral energy distributions (SEDs) using Magphys, and use the SEDs to infer a median stellar mass of

= (6 ± 1)× 1010
M

for our SMGs with spectroscopic redshift. By combining these stellar masses with the star formation rates (measured from the far-infrared SEDs), we show that SMGs (on average) lie a factor of ∼5 above the so-called “main sequence” at

. We provide this library of 52 template fits with robust and uniquely well-sampled SEDs as a resource for future studies of SMGs, and also release the spectroscopic catalog of ∼2000 (mostly infrared-selected) galaxies targeted as part of the spectroscopic campaign.
Removing Visual Bias in Filament Identification: A New Goodness-of-fit Measure
Authors: Green C.-E. , Cunningham M. R. , Dawson J. R. , Jones P. A. , Novak G. , Fissel L. M. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Different combinations of input parameters to filament identification algorithms, such as disperse and filfinder, produce numerous different output skeletons. The skeletons are a one-pixel-wide representation of the filamentary structure in the original input image. However, these output skeletons may not necessarily be a good representation of that structure. Furthermore, a given skeleton may not be as good of a representation as another. Previously, there has been no mathematical “goodness-of-fit” measure to compare output skeletons to the input image. Thus far this has been assessed visually, introducing visual bias. We propose the application of the mean structural similarity index (MSSIM) as a mathematical goodness-of-fit measure. We describe the use of the MSSIM to find the output skeletons that are the most mathematically similar to the original input image (the optimum, or “best,” skeletons) for a given algorithm, and independently of the algorithm. This measure makes possible systematic parameter studies, aimed at finding the subset of input parameter values returning optimum skeletons. It can also be applied to the output of non-skeleton-based filament identification algorithms, such as the Hessian matrix method. The MSSIM removes the need to visually examine thousands of output skeletons, and eliminates the visual bias, subjectivity, and limited reproducibility inherent in that process, representing a major improvement upon existing techniques. Importantly, it also allows further automation in the post-processing of output skeletons, which is crucial in this era of “big data.”
Neutral Carbon Emission in Luminous Infrared Galaxies: The [C i] Lines as Total Molecular Gas Tracers∗
Authors: Jiao Qian , Zhao 赵 Yinghe 应和 , Zhu Ming , Lu Nanyao , Gao 高 Yu 煜 , Zhang Zhi-Yu 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
We present a statistical study of the [C i] (3P1

3P0), [C i] (3P2

3P1) lines (hereafter [C i] (1–0) and [C i] (2–1), respectively) and the CO(1–0) line for a sample of (ultra-)luminous infrared galaxies ((U)LIRGs). We explore the correlations between the luminosities of CO(1–0) and [C i] lines, and find that

correlates almost linearly with both

and

, suggesting that [C i] lines can trace total molecular gas mass, at least for (U)LIRGs. We also investigate the dependence of

/

,

/

, and

/

on the far-infrared color of 60-to-100 μm, and find non-correlation, a weak correlation, and a modest correlation, respectively. Under the assumption that these two carbon transitions are optically thin, we further calculate the [C i] line excitation temperatures, atomic carbon masses, and mean [C i] line flux-to-H2 mass conversion factors for our sample. The resulting

masses using these [C i]-based conversion factors roughly agree with those derived from

and CO-to-H2 conversion factor.