bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why are Hindu Scheduled Caste/Tribe Children Still Prone to Higher Risk of Undernutrition than Upper Caste in India? A Chronological Study (2005-06 to 2019-21)
Authors: Ghosh Pritam 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background & Objectives: Socioeconomic deprivation among marginalized communities in India before independence necessitates further investigation into the inequality in undernutrition prevalence between upper caste and marginalized children within the framework of SDGs 2, 3, and 10. This study aims to estimate the gap in overall undernutrition prevalence, between upper caste (UC) and Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe (SC/ST) children in traditional Hindu society during the periods 2005–06, 2015–16, and 2019–21. Additionally, it seeks to quantify the contributions of various factors—including child, maternal, household, and regional backgrounds—in explaining the CIAF gap between UC and marginalized children over the past 15 years.
Design: The study employed 3 rounds of the National Family Health Survey Data (NFHS-3, 4, and 5). The Fairlie decomposition method was utilized to estimate persisting inequality and quantified contributions of different background variables in explaining the inequality between UC and SC/ST children in the prevalence of CIAF.
Results: The findings reveal a notable gap in the prevalence of CIAF between Hindu UC and SC/ST children from 2005–06 to 2019–21. Moreover, there has been a gradual reduction in these inequalities over the same period. The influence of background variables in explaining the CIAF gap between Hindu UC and SC/ST children has declined from 2005–06 to 2019–21, indicating an increasing impact of unmeasured determinants over time. This study also highlights the substantial roles of household socioeconomic status, maternal education, household WASH conditions, child anaemia levels, and birth order in explaining the CIAF gap between Hindu UC and SC/ST children over the past decade.
Conclusions: The outcome of the study suggests innervations to reduce socioeconomic inequality between UC and SC/ST sections and adequate measures to improve mothers’ education level, household WASH condition and childhood anaemia among marginalized sections for reducing inter-group difference in the prevalence of childhood undernutrition in India.
Formulation and Characterization of Caesalpinia decapetala Seed Oil Nanoemulsion: Physicochemical Properties, Stability, and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Ashagrie Yenework Nigussie , Tadesse Mesfin Getachew , Bachheti Archana , Nijhawan Ginni , Tyagi Sheetal , Bachheti Rakesh Kumar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Nanoemulsions contain acceptable O/W or W/O dispersions, with droplet sizes ranging from 100 to 500 nm. In the current study, we formulated O/W nanoemulsion using Caesalpinia decapetala seed oil, Tween 20, and Tween 80 surfactant through ultrasonic and spontaneous emulsification methods. C. decapetala is a climbing shrub thorny tree. C. decapetala seed oil contains different chemical constituents predominantly unsaturated fatty acid and has antibacterial, and antioxidant activity. Then physicochemical properties of the prepared nanoemulsion were evaluated using different methods. As a result, the prepared nanoemulsion came to be 132.56 ± 0.49 - 290.033 ± 1.95nm average particle size, 0.028 ± 0.038 - 0.3006 ± 0.04 polydispersive index, -32.27 to -58 mV zeta potentials, 1.334 - 1.380 refractive index, 75 - 90.81% percent of transmittance, 4.38 - 6.5 pH value, 3.922 – 5.2468 mPa.s viscosity value with spherical shape, excellent physical stability and also had good oxidative stability of the molecule. Subsequently, gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains were employed to assess the nanoemulsion's antibacterial efficacy. Therefore, the results indicate that C. decapetala seed oil nanoemulsion has excellent antibacterial activity on both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria strains. This nanoemulsion that was formulated using Tween 80 had higher inhibition zones like 13.5,13, 12, and 11 mm than the other methods on S.aureus E.coli S.pyogenes P. aeruginosa resepectively. Generally, smaller particle size, polydispersive index, stable surface charge, and low value of viscosity indicate that formulated nanoemulsion had better stability and bioavailability activity for antibacterial activity.
Contrasting responses of three tropical hardwood saplings species to a short-term drought experiment in Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Sampaio-Filho Israel de Jesus , Jardine Kolby J. , Gimenez Bruno Oliva , Souza Cacilda Adélia Sampaio , Santos Aline Pinto dos , Souza Daisy C. , Higuchi Niro , Chambers Jeffrey Q. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The global demand for tropical hardwood continues to rise. However, exacerbated by a warming climate, high temperatures, and drought conditions during the dry season in many tropical regions is likely a contributing factor in the low survival rates of some planted hardwood tree seedlings grown under natural field conditions without watering. Here, we present a leaf-gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence experiment with tree seedlings of three species (Astronium fraxinifolium - AF, Cariniana legalis - CL, and Handroanthus serratifolius - HS) under well-watered and water stress conditions. Following the cessation of watering, leaf temperatures increased as soil water content and transpiration rates decreased. A gradual reduction of soil water content over 4-days negatively impacted assimilation net CO2 rates (Anet), stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration (E) with CL showing the greatest reduction in Anet (94%), HS (90%), and AF the smallest reduction (77%). Moreover, the decline in Anet was not solely attributed to partial stomatal closure, as Fv/Fm photosynthetic parameters derived from chlorophyll fluorescence also declining throughout the drought. While HS did not show detectable emissions of volatile isoprenoids, AF and CL maintained leaf isoprene emissions in the light throughout the drought. Drought induced the leaf accumulation of absiscic acid in HS, although an unknown interference following ABA leaf extraction prevented its quantification in AF and CL. The results indicate that common tropical hardwood species in Brazil are highly sensitive to water stress, with partial stomatal closure and isoprenoid synthesis playing an important role in the thermotolerance of photosynthesis during moisture stress.
Predictive methods for CO 2 emissions and energy use in vehicles at intersections
Authors: Mądziel Maksymilian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This study examines CO₂ emissions and vehicle energy consumption at high-traffic intersections in urban areas. Existing emission models at the macro, meso, and microscales often fail to accurately represent real traffic conditions, especially at intersections with frequent stop-and-go maneuvers. New predictive models were developed using methods such as linear regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), Ridge regression, Random Forest, and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), with XGBoost providing the highest accuracy. The density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) algorithm was used to group data specific to intersection areas, enabling targeted analysis. Real-world driving data were collected using portable emissions measurement systems and the Hioki 3390 power analyzer. The developed models were validated and applied in simulations, including Vissim software, to improve road infrastructure planning and traffic management. These methods offer a refined approach to reducing emissions and optimizing energy use in urban transportation networks.
Terahertz photonic heterodyne spectral analysis with (sub-) kHz resolution and 6.5 THz frequency coverage
Authors: Krause Benedikt , Müller Sebastian , Puppe Thomas , Liebermeister Lars , Schwanke Garrit , Deumer Milan , Kohlhaas Robert , Wilk Rafal , Vieweg Nico , Preu Sascha 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Spectrum analyzers and spectrometers are essential for exploring extended spectral ranges, designing sources, analyzing material properties, layer structures and fingerprinting substances. We present an ultra-wideband, continuous-wave photonic receiver with kHz-level spectral resolution in the terahertz domain (100 GHz-10 THz) for both heterodyne and homodyne detection. Employed as a spectrum analyzer front end, it records the emitted spectrum of a source under test assessing spectral purity, spectral shape and undesired frequency components. It outperforms state-of-the-art electronic systems in terms of frequency coverage and system cost with a competitive noise floor and spectral resolution. It covers the important frequencies above 1.5 THz, that are not yet commercially accessible, where sources like quantum cascade lasers operate. When combined with a comb-based photonic source, we demonstrate hetero- and homodyne spectroscopy over an unprecedented frequency range from below 100 GHz to 6.5 THz. The presented setups offer the broadest frequency coverage of their kinds combined with extremely sharp resolution, enabling diverse applications ranging from fast non-destructive testing, astronomic high-resolution spectroscopy, to frequency-modulated RADAR.
Numerical Simulation Analysis of Stress-Seepage Coupling in Surrounding Rock of Loess Tunnels under Water Migration
Authors: Xuan Junjie , Li Ming , Du Yaohui , Lin Jia-qi , Gao Yue , Mao Yun-cheng , Zhang Kun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This paper relies on the Tuanjie Tunnel project of the Tongwei-Dingxi Expressway, employing field monitoring, laboratory experiments, and numerical simulations to establish a coupled numerical model of the stress-seepage field for the shallow-buried segment of loess tunnels. The study analyzes the seepage-stress field in loess tunnels, it reveals the variation patterns of pore water pressure around the tunnel and the deformation of surrounding rock during construction while considering the impact of water migration. The results indicate that when the groundwater level is 10 meters from the tunnel crown, the pressure of pore water at various measurement points follows an order of tunnel invert > arch springing > arch waist > arch haunch > tunnel crown. Within the pipe roof reinforcement zone, pore water pressure increases with distance from the tunnel perimeter, while above the zone, it decreases with distance. When considering water migration, excavation of the upper bench significantly impacts the vertical effective stress at all points. Based on these insights, addressing the challenges encountered during the construction of water-rich loess tunnels, the implementation of pipe roof reinforcement measures for surrounding rock has played a positive role in enhancing the stability of loess tunnels during construction.
Synergistic effects of Rossellomorea marisflavi spp. DAS-SCF02 and Agrococcus spp. RKDAS1 as a probiotic functional feed (PFF) in Nile tilapia: Insights into growth, hemato-biochemical, and immune responses in the face of Vibrio challenges
Authors: Paramashivan Bhavani , Thamarai Rajkumar , Prabhakaran Rajkumar , Subramaniam Kalidass , Al-Ghanim Khalid A. , Kamaraj Chinnaperumal 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Probiotics offer significant health advantages as they enter the digestive system via diet or water intake, playing a crucial role in enhancing immunity, growth, gastrointestinal microbiota, and feed attribute. The main objective of study to focusing in the impact of Probiotic Functional Feed (PFF) on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to challenges from Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The investigation aims to analyze the genes linked to immunity, hemato-biochemical indices, and the immunological response in tilapia. PFF is a vital component of fish feed production, providing suitable nutrition for various ages and stages to promote healthy growth. The study comprises five treatments: Negative Control (NC), Positive Control (PC), Rossellomorea marisflavi sp. DAS-SCF02, Agrococcus sp. RKDAS1, and a dual probiotic mix. A total of 150 Nile tilapia juveniles, weighing 2.56 ± 1.26 g, were administered PFF in triplicates. Significant improvements were observed in hematological indices, encompassing white blood cells (WBC), hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBC), hematocrit (Htc), and blood performance (BP) in probiotic-treated groups compared to control. Biochemical analysis revealed lower levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in fish fed with probiotics, accompanied by increased total protein, albumin, and globulin levels. Furthermore, probiotic-fed fish exhibited heightened blood glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. Immunological assessments demonstrated increased lysozyme activity, intracellular superoxide anion production, reactive nitrogen species synthesis, and myeloperoxidase activity in probiotic-fed groups. Immune gene expression analysis revealed up-regulation of stress response, cytokine signaling, and immune defense-related genes (HSP70, IL-1β, I C3, IFN-α, IFN-γ, GF1, GH, IL-1, and Lyz). In a Vibrio challenge study, probiotic-fed fish exhibited improved survival rates, underscoring the protective effects of probiotics against bacterial infections. Overall, this research underscores the multifaceted benefits of probiotic supplementation in enhancing the health and immunity of tilapia.
A Unified Framework for Crime Prediction Leveraging Contextual and Interaction-Based Feature Engineering
Authors: E Monika , T Rajesh Kumar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The prediction of crime holds significant importance in the realm of law enforcement and public safety endeavors. This research paper presents a framework aimed at improving crime prediction models through the integration of contextual and interaction feature engineering methodologies. This study presents a novel methodology that uses minimal spanning trees (MST) within a directed graph to depict the relationships between crime incidents and specific locations. This approach identifies significant correlations between instances of criminal activity, enabling the creation of more intricate crime forecasting models. The suggested framework's effectiveness is assessed by employing diverse classifiers and performance metrics, such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. The findings indicate that the suggested technique outperforms current methodologies, highlighting its effectiveness in properly forecasting crime incidents and enabling evidence-based decision-making in law enforcement endeavours. The integration of contextual and interaction feature engineering with dimensionality reduction and graph-based modelling in this research helps the progress of crime prediction approaches.
Detecting the occurrence of extreme precipitation events in Southeastern South America from synoptic-scale patterns
Authors: Martinez Daiana M. , Solman Silvina 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This study is focused on the development, implementation and evaluation of a methodology to detect the frequency of occurrence of extreme precipitation events in southeastern South America based on the associated prevailing synoptic scale conditions. The approach is based on the use of synoptic patterns that allow the identification of different large-scale atmospheric conditions associated with local-scale extreme precipitation events. Synoptic patterns were identified after applying a principal component analysis to the 850 hPa geopotential height for extreme precipitation days using ERA5 reanalysis over the period 1979-2013. Two detection criteria were applied to the daily standardized anomaly circulation fields to identify an extreme precipitation day based on the spatial correlation coefficient between the daily standardized anomaly fields and the circulation patterns identified and the consistency over a selected region between the sign of the anomalies of various meteorological variables and the sign of the anomalous patterns identified. The method is capable of capturing the number of observed events and the observed interannual variations in the seasonal frequency of extreme precipitation events. This methodology also allowed understanding the mechanisms leading to higher or lower frequency of extreme precipitation events at the interannual timescales.
CUT&amp;Tag in Bacteria Reveals Unconventional G-Quadruplex Landscape in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A Novel Defense Mechanism Against Oxidative Stress
Authors: Richter Sara , Maurizio Ilaria , Ruggiero Emanuela , Conflitti Marta , Zanin Irene , Nicoletto Giulia , Provvedi Roberta 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis, remains a global health threat due to increasing drug resistance and high mortality rates. To combat tuberculosis effectively, novel therapeutic targets are urgently needed. G-quadruplexes (G4s) represent promising candidates for this purpose. In this study, we successfully applied the cleavage under targets and tagmentation (CUT&Tag) technique for the first time in bacteria, mapping the G4 landscape in Mtb under standard and oxidative stress conditions, the latter mimicking the environment Mtb faces within macrophages. We validated the CUT&Tag protocol using an antibody against the RNA polymerase β-subunit, confirming its association with actively transcribed genes. Employing the anti-G4 antibody BG4, we discovered that Mtb G4s, unlike their eukaryotic counterparts, predominantly localize within gene coding sequences and consist of two-guanine tract motifs. Notably, oxidative stress increased G4 formation, correlating with reduced gene expression. Our findings provide the first evidence of G4 formation in Mtb cells and suggest their potential role in bacterial survival within macrophages. This study demonstrates the successful application of CUT&Tag in bacteria and unveils an unconventional G4 landscape in Mtb, offering new insights into bacterial stress response mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.
Autocrine fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 signaling activates lactate dehydrogenase A-aerobic glycolysis for human prostate cancer DU145 cell growth
Authors: Xu Xiaoming , Peng Tianjun , Wang Li , Pan Jiaren , Pan Huafeng , Gu Tingitng , Cheng Zhongliang , Zhang Jianting 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) signaling is activated by fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) during prostate cancer (PCa) progression. However, the mechanisms by which FGFR1 signaling regulates PCa progression are not fully understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the crosstalk between autocrine FGF/FGFR1 loop and aerobic glycolysis in progression of advanced PCa.
Methods
DU145 cells were used as an advanced PCa model. FGFR1 expression was knockdowned by stable expression of anti-FGFR1 shRNA, and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) levels were rescued by ectopic expression of LDHA cDNA. Protein expression was determined using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Tumorigenicity of DU145 cells was defined by cell growth, invasion and survival in both cultures and xenografts in mice.
Results
DU145 cells in cultures expressed both FGF2 and FGFR1, and knockdown of FGFR1 expression or inactivation of FGFR1 signaling reduced LDHA expression or aerobic glycolysis, which was correlated with suppression of both cell proliferation and invasion and promotion of apoptosis. Ectopic expression of LDHA cDNA rescued LDHA levels in FGFR1 deficient cells, restoring their aerobic glycolysis, cell growth and survival. Similarly, the growth rates of xenografted DU145 cells in mice were decreased by the loss of FGFR1 expression but were rescued by the ectopic expression of LDHA.
Conclusion
Our data indicate autocrine FGF/FGFR1 signaling regulates aerobic glycolysis in PCa DU145 cells via LDHA, suggesting the potential of targeting FGFs/FGFRs-LDHA for the management of advanced PCa. The regulation of aerobic glycolysis by other growth factors in PCa remains further investigation.
Exploring intraspecific morphological variations in Parvocalanus crassirostris (F. Dahl, 1894) (Copepoda: Paracalanidae) in the Gulf of Oman
Authors: Fattahi Razieh , Sari Alireza , Nazari Fatemeh , Attaran-Fariman Gilan , Naderloo Reza 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

In this study, morphological characters instability in adult females of Parvocalanus crassirostris (F. Dahl, 1894) is evaluated. This species shows differences in shape, segmentation, spine size, and presence or absence of spines on 5th legs and serration of outer edge of exopod 2 and 3 in legs 2–4. Accordingly, in female individuals of P. crassirostris more than 28 and five types were observed in P5 and ornamentation of P2–4, respectively. In this study, all observed morphs are described to provide informative data for evaluating diverse characters types. These variations seem to be density-dependent. Among state-of-the-art methods, the confocal laser scanning microscope was used to examine this unresolved phenotypic diversity and refer to the main patterns and hypotheses related to the factors affecting morphological traits inconsistencies in this species.
The impact of ISO 26000 implementation and corporate governance on financial performance of socially responsible firms
Authors: Bakir Emna , wali Senda , khoufi walid 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to test the effect of the commitment of companies to corporate social responsibility (CSR) via the implementation of the ISO 26000 framework on their financial performance and the moderating effect of corporate governance (CG).
Methodology: A number of European socially-responsible listed companies were observed over the period ranging from 2014 to 2020 based on the GLS (Generalized Least Squares) method.
Results: our findings indicated that the individual impacts of CSR and CG on financial performance, measured by the Return on assets and Tobin’s Q, were significant and negative. However, the combined effect of CSR and governance index on financial performance was found to be significant and positive, highlighting an important moderating effect of CG. Overall, this work addresses the discrepancy between the negative individual effect of CSR commitment and CG on the financial performance of the sampled firms despite being recognized as socially responsible and their positive combined effect.
Originality: The results question the validity of CSR engagement in companies operating in European context and call for a differentiated approach to measure CSR engagement based on ISO 26000s. This study also enhances the existing literature on CSR–CFP and makes it more relevant to firms with effective CG system.
JEL classification: M14, G30, L25