bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Carrot Firmness with Acoustic Signal Characteristics
Authors: Liu Yang , Sun Yong‐Hai , Yang Liu , Yu Li‐Bo , Mao Qian , Hou Ju‐Min , Huang Bi‐Zhu , Liu Chao 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between carrot firmness with acoustic signal characteristics. The results showed that carrot firmness was positively related with the wave form index (r = 0.72, P < 0.01) and sound intensity (r = 0.81, P < 0.01) of the acoustic signals in the time domain. The overall frequency bands were distributed around 0–10,000 Hz by Hilbert‐Huang transform. The carrot firmness was negatively related with the relative energy in high‐frequency domain (r = −0.73, P < 0.01).Practical ApplicationsTextural properties, defined by “firmness,” “crispness” and so on, are key quality attributes in assessing the quality and acceptability of fresh and processed food products. Texture study is one of the most important aspects of food sciences and engineering. Acoustic technology is new and convenient method and can be applicable to evaluate crisp food or crisp processed food, such as watermelon, apple, chips and so on. In this study, the relationships between carrot firmness with acoustic signal characteristics were investigated. The firmness was positively related with the wave form index, and sound intensity in the time domain was negatively related with the relative energy in high‐frequency domain. These conclusions could be useful for evaluating the carrot or other process food texture by acoustic technology.
Association between serum adalimumab concentrations and endoscopic disease activity in patients with Crohn's disease
Authors: Morita Yukihiro , Imaeda Hirotsugu , Nishida Atsushi , Inatomi Osamu , Bamba Shigeki , Sasaki Masaya , Tsujikawa Tomoyuki , Sugimoto Mitsushige , Andoh Akira 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackground and AimsThe serum trough level of adalimumab (ADA) associated with mucosal healing (MH) remains unclear. Our objective was to determine the association between ADA trough levels and the endoscopic activity in Crohn's disease.Materials and MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study including 42 patients with Crohn's disease. Endoscopic activity was assessed using the modified Rutgeerts scoring system. The primary outcome was mucosal healing, and the secondary outcomes were serum levels of C‐reactive protein and albumin.ResultsEndoscopic disease activity negatively correlated with serum ADA trough levels (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) = −0.42, P < 0.01). MH was achieved in 14 of 42 patients (33.3%). Serum ADA trough levels were significantly higher in the MH group than in the no‐MH group (ADA mean trough level, 11.7 vs 7.5 µg/mL). The proportion of patients with ADA as the first biologic was significantly higher in the MH group than in the no‐MH group (85.7% vs 53.5%, P = 0.04). The ADA trough levels that were best associated with normal C‐reactive protein and albumin levels were 5.57 µg/mL (odds ratio [OR] 16.0, specificity 0.80) and 6.95 µg/mL (OR 9.2, specificity 0.81), respectively. The ADA trough level that was best associated with MH was 7.9 µg/mL (OR 13.5, specificity 0.86). The endoscopic disease activity was significantly higher in the patients with ADA as the second biologic as compared with those with ADA as the first biologic (P < 0.05).ConclusionMucosal healing requires higher ADA trough levels, compared with those required to normalization of routine clinical markers.
Economic evaluation of fecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of recurrentClostridium difficileinfection in Australia
Authors: Merlo Gregory , Graves Nicholas , Brain David , Connelly Luke B 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackground and AimClostridium difficileis the most common cause of hospital‐acquired diarrhea in Australia. In 2013, a randomized controlled trial demonstrated the effectiveness of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for the treatment of recurrentClostridium difficileinfection (CDI). The aim of this study is to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of fecal microbiota transplantation—via either nasoduodenal or colorectal delivery—compared with vancomycin for the treatment of recurrent CDI in Australia.MethodsA Markov model was developed to compare the cost‐effectiveness of fecal microbiota transplantation compared with standard antibiotic therapy. A literature review of clinical evidence informed the structure of the model and the choice of parameter values. Clinical effectiveness was measured in terms of quality‐adjusted life years. Uncertainty in the model was explored using probabilistic sensitivity analysis.ResultsBoth nasoduodenal and colorectal FMT resulted in improved quality of life and reduced cost compared with vancomycin. The incremental effectiveness of either FMT delivery compared with vancomycin was 1.2 (95% CI: 0.1, 2.3) quality‐adjusted life years, or 1.4 (95% CI: 0.4, 2.4) life years saved. Treatment with vancomycin resulted in an increased cost of AU$4094 (95% CI: AU$26, AU$8161) compared with nasoduodenal delivery of FMT and AU$4045 (95% CI: −AU$33, AU$8124) compared with colorectal delivery. The mean difference in cost between colorectal and nasoduodenal FMT was not significant.ConclusionsIf FMT, rather than vancomycin, became standard care for recurrent CDI in Australia, the estimated national healthcare savings would be over AU$4000 per treated person, with a substantial increase in quality of life.
Free will perceptions and psychiatric symptoms in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia
Authors: Weisman de Mamani A. , Gurak K. , Maura J. , Martinez de Andino A. , Weintraub M. J. , Mejia M. 
Published: April 2016

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

Some research suggests that holding a free will perspective may offer mental health and physical health benefits.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

This study is the first to examine links between free will perceptions and psychiatric symptoms in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia.

What are the implications for practice?

Study results suggest that helping people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia to recognize situations where they do have some freedom of choice over their actions and emotional reactions (free will) may assist them in improving their experiences and better managing their symptoms.

AbstractIntroductionSome research indicates that having a strong sense that one possesses free will may be associated with better psychological and physical health. This study is the first to examine the relationship between free will perceptions and psychiatric symptoms in patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia.MethodThirty‐two participants were interviewed using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale to assess symptom severity and the Free Will Subscale of the Free Will and Determinism Scale to assess free will perceptions.ResultsAs hypothesized, a negative association was found between free will perceptions and total symptom severity, though it appears that this was mainly accounted for by positive symptoms. A content analysis was also conducted to qualitatively examine how patients conceptualize the construct of free will and its role in coping with their own mental illness.DiscussionStudy results suggest that holding a free will perspective may mitigate psychiatric symptoms in patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Thus, psychiatric nurses and other mental health clinicians may improve current treatments for schizophrenia by helping patients recognize situations where they do have some freedom of choice over their actions and emotional reactions (free will) to stressful life events.
Developing Discussion of Language Change Into a Three‐Dimensional Model of Linguistic Phenomena
Authors: Hawkey James 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe concepts of change from above (CFA) and change from below (CFB) have been employed by sociolinguists for decades: but ‘above’ and ‘below’ what exactly? Popularised by William Labov, these terms are most frequently used to describe complementary, highly distinct processes of language change. Subsequent interpretations have subtly altered the definitions of these terms, and as a result, CFA and CFB have been used to refer to different things by different people. Often, the resultant phenomena are not as complementary or distinct as they first seem. This article analyses the various interpretations of CFA and CFB with an aim to clarify how the terms have been used, and to propose a new and thorough taxonomical model for linguistic phenomena. Leading scholarly viewpoints are examined (Labov , Crystal , Ferguson , Wolfram and Schilling‐Estes , Ellis , Romaine inter alia), and three bifurcating axes are formed, revealing what ‘above’ and ‘below’ variously relate to. The axes of +/– metacommentary, +/– overt prestige and +/– planned will be explained and formed into a three‐dimensional model of linguistic phenomena, thus constituting an innovative development in the ongoing debate surrounding CFA and CFB.
A Gunpowder Tattoo in a 6‐Year‐Old Girl
Authors: Bernstein Seth , Barros Brittany , Zaenglein Andrea L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractGunpowder tattoos result from explosion and subsequent traumatic implantation of pigmented granules into varying layers of the skin. This report details the case of a 6‐year‐old with a gunpowder tattoo on the face.
Tolerability of 2.5% Lidocaine/Prilocaine Hydrogel in Children Undergoing Cryotherapy for Molluscum Contagiosum
Authors: Gobbato André A.M. , Babadópulos Tainah , Gobbato Cintia A.R.S. , Moreno Ronilson A. , Gagliano‐Jucá Thiago , De Nucci Gilberto 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe tolerability of a 2.5% lidocaine/prilocaine hydrogel (Nanorap, Biolab Indústria Farmacêutica Ltd., Sao Paulo, Brazil) was evaluated in 20 children ages 2 to 11 years undergoing cryotherapy for molluscum contagiosum (MC). The product was well tolerated, with only two children presenting with eczema at the application site. These adverse reactions were considered unlikely to be related to the test product, because a patch test was negative in one of the individuals and the other event occurred in only one of the two treated areas. Nanorap is an efficacious and well‐tolerated option for topical anesthesia in children undergoing cryotherapy for MC.
NAB2‐STAT6 gene fusion and STAT6 immunoexpression in extrathoracic solitary fibrous tumors: the association between fusion variants and locations
Authors: Chuang I‐Chieh , Liao Kuan‐Cho , Huang Hsuan‐Ying , Kao Yu‐Chien , Li Chien‐Feng , Huang Shih‐Chiang , Tsai Jen‐Wei , Chen Ko‐Chin , Lan Jui , Lin Po‐Chun 
Published: April 2016

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm harboring NAB2‐STAT6 fusion, which drives STAT6 nuclear relocation. For extrathoracic SFTs, the clinical relevance of this molecular hallmark remains obscure. We assessed STAT6 immunoexpression for 61 extrathoracic SFTs exclusive of the meninges and head and neck, and 25 had analyzable RNAs to distinguish fusion variants by RT–PCR. The immunohistochemical and molecular findings were correlated with clincopathological features and disease‐free survival (DFS). Twenty‐eight males and 33 females had SFTs in the body cavities (n = 31), extremities (n = 17), and trunk (n = 13), categorized into 53 non‐malignant and 8 malignant tumors. The vast majority (n = 57, 93%) exhibited distinctive STAT6 nuclear expression, including malignant ones. The common fusion variants were NAB2ex6‐STAT6ex16/17 in 13 SFTs and NAB2ex4‐STAT6ex2 in 8, while miscellaneous variants were detected only in 4 SFTs in the limbs and trunk but not in any body cavity‐based cases (P = 0.026). The worse DFS was univariately associated with malignant histology (P = 0.04) but unrelated to tumor size, location, or fusion variant. Conclusively, extrathoracic SFTs mostly harbor NAB2ex6‐STAT6ex16/17, followed by NAB2ex4‐STAT6ex2. Miscellaneous variants are significantly rare in SFTs within the body cavities. The clinical aggressiveness of extrathoraic SFTs is associated with malignant histology but unrelated to the NAB2‐STAT6 fusion variants.
General practitioners’ experiences as nursing home medical consultants
Authors: Kirsebom Marie , Hedström Mariann , Pöder Ulrika , Wadensten Barbro 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveTo describe general practitioners’ experiences of being the principal physician responsible for a nursing home.MethodFifteen general practitioners assigned to a nursing home participated in semi‐structured qualitative interviews. Data were analysed using systematic text condensation.ResultMedical assessment is the main duty of general practitioners. Advance care planning together with residents and family members facilitates future decisions on medical treatment and end‐of‐life care. Registered Nurses’ continuity and competence are perceived as crucial to the quality of care, but inadequate staffing, lack of medical equipment and less‐than‐optimal IT systems for electronic healthcare records are impediments to patient safety.ConclusionThe study highlights the importance of advance care planning together with residents and family members in facilitating future decisions on medical treatment and end‐of‐life care. To meet the increasing demands for more complex medical treatment at nursing homes and to provide high‐quality palliative care, there would seem to be a need to increase Registered Nurses’ staffing and acquire more advanced medical equipment, as well as to create better possibilities for Registered Nurses and general practitioners to access each other's healthcare record systems.
Perceptions and Practices: Employers, Educators, and Students on GIS Internships
Authors: Craig Thomas R. , Wikle Thomas A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWithin an increasingly competitive job market, academic internships have become an important source of work experience for students with career interests involving geographic information systems (GIS) and related geospatial technologies. However, while GIS internships offer benefits to employers and students, their structure and objectives may be viewed differently across stakeholder groups such as private industry, government, and academia. In this article we evaluate how GIS internships are valued and perceived by employers, educators, and the interns themselves using quantitative and qualitative measures collected though web‐based surveys and semi‐structured telephone interviews. Data analysis helped us determine the relative importance of technical and non‐technical skills needed by students in preparation for GIS internships. Our findings reveal relatively few differences in scores assigned to technical and non‐technical skills when comparing employer and educator ratings. Educator ratings were higher for nearly all technical and non‐technical skills. In comparison, employers placed greater emphasis on technical skills involving data entry/manipulation and non‐technical skills such as flexibility/adaptability. The survey also revealed differences in employer and educator perceptions of internship goals and administration. Telephone surveys with former interns supplemented information from employer and educator surveys in developing “best practices” that may be useful in the design and administration of GIS internships.
Identification of new KLF1 and LU alleles during the resolution of Lutheran typing discrepancies
Authors: Garcia‐Sanchez Felix , Pardi Cecilia , Kupatawintu Pawinee , Thornton Nicole , Rodriguez Miguel‐Angel , Lucea Irene , Sood Chhavi , Ochoa‐Garay Gorka 
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUNDThe Lub antigen is expressed on red blood cells (RBCs) of the majority of individuals in all populations. Its absence in transfused patients may lead to alloantibody production and mild‐to‐moderate transfusion reactions, and in pregnancies to mild hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. This report describes the results of discrepancy resolution between apparent LU*A/LU*B or LU*B/LU*B genotypes and apparent Lu(b–) or Lu(b+ weak) phenotypes in one Asian and 10 Caucasian blood donors.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWhole blood samples were analyzed by molecular methods to resolve discrepancies between Lu(b–) phenotypes detected by serology and Lu(b+) phenotypes predicted by genotyping. RBC agglutination assays were performed with commercial and patient antisera by tube or gel column methods. Genotyping was performed on commercial arrays that target the LU*A/LU*B polymorphism at Position c.230. The discrepancies were resolved by sequencing of genomic DNA and in some cases by sequencing of cloned DNA fragments.RESULTSEleven new alleles with coding sequence variants were identified, seven in the KLF1 gene, which are presumed to act dominantly to silence LU expression, and four in the LU gene itself. The alleles are KLF1*114delC, KLF1*298T, KLF1*304C,484insC, KLF1*304C,1000del2, KLF1*621G, KLF1*948delC, KLF1*1040A,1045delT, LU*B(559T,711T,714T), LU*B(611A,638T), LU*B(1049del2ins3), and LU*B(1306T,1340T,1671T,1742T).CONCLUSIONBesides confirming common phenotypes and detecting rare antigen‐negative phenotypes, the use of molecular methods in blood donor typing can prompt the identification of new alleles through discrepancy resolution.
Fatal transfusion‐transmitted infection due to Citrobacter koseri
Authors: Hauser Lisette , Menasie Senbetta , Bonacorsi Stéphane , Raoult Laurence , AitOubelli Nourredine , Belloy Marie , Avran David , Beyloune Alexandre , Simonet Marion , Billard‐Pomares Typhaine , Pangon Béatrice , Bierling Philippe 
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUNDTransfusion‐transmitted bacterial infection (TTBI) is still one of the most feared complications of blood transfusion.CASE REPORTWe report a fatal case involving an 8‐year‐old child with congenital dyskeratosis complicated by severe aplastic anemia who was regularly transfused with platelet (PLT) concentrates for 5 years. The patient received an apheresis PLT concentrate (APC) on Day 0 due to thrombocytopenia complicated by mucocutaneous hemorrhage. Thirty minutes after the start of the transfusion, bradycardia and dyspnea appeared, quickly followed by chills, nausea, vomiting, headache, and hyperthermia. TTBI was suspected and the patient was immediately treated with intravascular antibiotherapy. On Day 3, the patient developed severe acute respiratory distress syndrome leading to death on Day 7. Patient blood cultures and APC cultures were both positive for Citrobacter koseri.RESULTSThe donor was a 19‐year‐old woman. She had previously given blood. No infectious symptom was reported during the medical interviews before and after the donation and no postdonation information was received. On the day of the donation (Day −2), her white blood cell count was 5.83 × 109/L. She came back on Day 8 to undergo additional tests. The cultures from blood, stool, urine, the skin of the inside of the elbow at the point of needle insertion, and ear samples were all negative for C. koseri. However, a nasal sample was positive for C. koseri.CONCLUSIONThe isolates from the donor's blood cultures, the APC bag, the attached tube, and the donor's nasal sample all gave identical profiles; they were thus identified as the same strain and the TTBI was confirmed.
Protective T Cell and Antibody Immune Responses against Hepatitis C Virus Achieved Using a Biopolyester-Bead-Based Vaccine Delivery System
Authors: Martínez-Donato G. , Piniella B. , Aguilar D. , Olivera S. , Pérez A. , Castañedo Y. , Alvarez-Lajonchere L. , Dueñas-Carrera S. , Lee J. W. , Burr N. , Gonzalez-Miro M. , Rehm B. H. A. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major worldwide problem. Chronic hepatitis C is recognized as one of the major causes of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure. Although new, directly acting antiviral therapies are suggested to overcome the low efficacy and adverse effects observed for the current standard of treatment, an effective vaccine would be the only way to certainly eradicate HCV infection. Recently, polyhydroxybutyrate beads produced by engineeredEscherichia colishowed efficacy as a vaccine delivery system. Here, an endotoxin-freeE. colistrain (ClearColi) was engineered to produce polyhydroxybutyrate beads displaying the core antigen on their surface (Beads-Core) and their immunogenicity was evaluated in BALB/c mice. Immunization with Beads-Core induced gamma interferon (IFN-γ) secretion and a functional T cell immune response against the HCV Core protein. With the aim to target broad T and B cell determinants described for HCV, Beads-Core mixed with HCV E1, E2, and NS3 recombinant proteins was also evaluated in BALB/c mice. Remarkably, only three immunization with Beads-Core+CoE1E2NS3/Alum (a mixture of 0.1 μg Co.120, 16.7 μg E1.340, 16.7 μg E2.680, and 10 μg NS3 adjuvanted in aluminum hydroxide [Alum]) induced a potent antibody response against E1 and E2 and a broad IFN-γ secretion and T cell response against Core and all coadministered antigens. This immunological response mediated protective immunity to viremia as assessed in a viral surrogate challenge model. Overall, it was shown that engineered biopolyester beads displaying foreign antigens are immunogenic and might present a particulate delivery system suitable for vaccination against HCV.
Novel Structure and Unexpected RNA-Binding Ability of the C-Terminal Domain of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Tegument Protein UL21
Authors: Metrick Claire M. , Heldwein Ekaterina E. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
Proteins forming the tegument layers of herpesviral virions mediate many essential processes in the viral replication cycle, yet few have been characterized in detail. UL21 is one such multifunctional tegument protein and is conserved among alphaherpesviruses. While UL21 has been implicated in many processes in viral replication, ranging from nuclear egress to virion morphogenesis to cell-cell spread, its precise roles remain unclear. Here we report the 2.7-Å crystal structure of the C-terminal domain of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) UL21 (UL21C), which has a unique α-helical fold resembling a dragonfly. Analysis of evolutionary conservation patterns and surface electrostatics pinpointed four regions of potential functional importance on the surface of UL21C to be pursued by mutagenesis. In combination with the previously determined structure of the N-terminal domain of UL21, the structure of UL21C provides a 3-dimensional framework for targeted exploration of the multiple roles of UL21 in the replication and pathogenesis of alphaherpesviruses. Additionally, we describe an unanticipated ability of UL21 to bind RNA, which may hint at a yet unexplored function.

IMPORTANCE
Due to the limited genomic coding capacity of viruses, viral proteins are often multifunctional, which makes them attractive antiviral targets. Such multifunctionality, however, complicates their study, which often involves constructing and characterizing null mutant viruses. Systematic exploration of these multifunctional proteins requires detailed road maps in the form of 3-dimensional structures. In this work, we determined the crystal structure of the C-terminal domain of UL21, a multifunctional tegument protein that is conserved among alphaherpesviruses. Structural analysis pinpointed surface areas of potential functional importance that provide a starting point for mutagenesis. In addition, the unexpected RNA-binding ability of UL21 may expand its functional repertoire. The structure of UL21C and the observation of its RNA-binding ability are the latest additions to the navigational chart that can guide the exploration of the multiple functions of UL21.