bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of a “Team-focused CPR” Protocol on Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest Survival in a Rural EMS System
Authors: Stopyra Jason P. , Courage Cheryl , Davis Christopher A. , Hiestand Brian C. , Nelson Robert D. , Winslow James E. 
Published: July 2016

Background:
More than 300,000 persons in the United States experience an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest every year. The American Heart Association emphasizes on the rapid, effective delivery of cardiac arrest interventions by bystanders and emergency medical services (EMS) on scene. In July 2013, the EMS of Randolph County, a rural county in central North Carolina, implemented a team-focused cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) protocol. The protocol emphasized early chest compressions and resuscitation on scene until the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) or until efforts were deemed futile.

Methods:
Data were collected on all cardiac out-of-hospital cardiac arrest cases from June 30, 2012 to June 30, 2014. Outcomes for the year before the institution of the team-focused CPR protocol were compared with rates for the year following implementation.

Results:
A significantly higher proportion of patients achieved ROSC after protocol implementation: 25/38 [66%, 95% confidence interval (CI), 49%–80%] versus 19/67 (28%; 95% CI, 18–41%, P < 0.001). More patients survived to hospital admission in the team-focused CPR group (16/38, 42.1%, 95% CI, 26%–59%) versus the preprotocol period (10/67, 14.9%, 95% CI, 7.4%–26%, P = 0.004). Although survival to discharge was higher in the team-focused protocol period (6/38, 15.8%, 95% CI, 6.0%–31%) than the preprotocol period (4/67, 6.0%, 95% CI, 1.7%–14.6%), this did not meet statistical significance (P = 0.16).

Conclusion:
The introduction of a team-focused CPR protocol in a single rural county-based EMS system dramatically improved ROSC and hospital admission rates, but not survival to discharge. Continued surveillance, as well as evaluation and optimization of inpatient care, is warranted.
Outcome of Persistent Low-Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Treated With Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure
Authors: Spinillo Arsenio , Gardella Barbara , Iacobone Anna Daniela , Dominoni Mattia , Cesari Stefania , Alberizzi Paola 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to evaluate the outcome of persistent (≥2 years) low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 1) treated with loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP).Materials and MethodsA study of 252 subjects with persistent biopsy-confirmed CIN 1 diagnosed after low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or atypical squamous lesions of undetermined significance on Papanicolaou test and treated with LEEP. Post-LEEP follow-up cytological, colposcopic, and molecular diagnostic examinations were scheduled at 6 months, 1 year, and yearly thereafter.ResultsThe 252 subjects enrolled had a total number of 1,008 visits per colposcopies (median = 3, range = 1–7) during a median post-LEEP follow-up of 25 months (range = 12–121). The cumulative incidence of CIN 2+ at 2 years and at 3 years of follow-up was 2.3% (4/176) and 5.5% (7/128), respectively, or 1.7 cases (95% CI = 1–2.8) per 100 woman-years. Low-grade cervical lesions during post-LEEP follow-up were diagnosed in 70 subjects (27.8%) or 10 cases (95% CI = 7.9–12.6) per 100 woman-years. Overall, persistent and multiple high-risk HPV infections during follow-up were associated with increased rates of CIN persistence or progression.ConclusionsWomen with persistent CIN 1 after atypical squamous lesions of undetermined significance/low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion treated with LEEP had a low rate of progression to CIN 2+ but remained at a high risk of low-grade cervical abnormalities during follow-up. This information should be taken into account when deciding on the treatment strategy and counseling women with persistent CIN 1.
Mechanisms underpinning remission of albuminuria following bariatric surgery
Authors: Nair Meera , le Roux Carel W. , Docherty Neil G. 
Published: July 2016

Purpose of review
Albuminuria is a biomarker of renal injury commonly used to monitor progression of diabetic kidney disease. The appearance of excess albumin in the urine reflects alterations in the structure and permeability of the glomerular filtration barrier. The present article summarizes the clinical evidence base for remission of albuminuria after bariatric surgery. It furthermore focuses on how beneficial impacts on glomerular podocyte structure and function may explain this phenomenon.

Recent findings
A coherent clinical evidence base is emerging demonstrating remission of albuminuria following bariatric surgery in patients with obesity and diabetes. The impaired metabolic milieu in diabetic kidney disease drives podocyte dedifferentiation and death through glucotoxic, lipotoxic proinflammatory, and pressure-related stress. Improvements in these parameters after surgery correlate with improvements in albuminuria and preclinical studies provide mechanistic data that support the existence of cause–effect relationship.

Summary
The benefits of bariatric surgery extend beyond weight loss in diabetes to encompass beneficial effects on diabetic renal injury. Attenuation of the toxic metabolic milieu that the podocyte is exposed to postbariatric surgery suggests that the restitution of podocyte health is a key cellular event underpinning remission of albuminuria.
King-Devick and Pre-season Visual Function in Adolescent Athletes
Authors: Weise Katherine K. , Swanson Mark W. , Penix Kimberly , Hale Matthew Heath , Ferguson Drew 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The King-Devick test (KD) has been studied as a remove-from-play sideline test in college-age athletes and older; however, studies in younger athletes are limited. A cross-sectional study of the KD and other vision correlates was completed on school-aged athletes during pre-season physicals for a variety of sports to determine the repeatability of the KD. The study also evaluated how convergence, alignment, or pupil function contributed to a slower King-Devick baseline reading.

Methods
Seven hundred eighty-five athletes underwent vision screenings in a hospital or school setting by trained/certified staff as part of pre-season physicals. Six hundred nineteen had KD testing completed per the manufacturer’s suggested protocol and repeated. Other baseline vision testing included visual acuity, Modified Thorington testing for alignment, convergence testing, and pupil function using the NeurOptics (NPI-200) NPi.

Results
The mean fastest, error-minimized KD time for all participants was 43.9 seconds(s) (SD ± 11.6, range 24–120). Median KD time got faster (+) with age (p < 0.0001). The inter-class correlation coefficient for all scores was 0.92. The absolute mean time difference for any two tests was 3.5 s (SD ± 2.5, range 0–23). There was no association between the best KD time and reduced NPC (p = 0.63), Modified Thorington measure of alignment (p = 0.55), or NPi pupil function (p = 0.79). The Bland Altman repeated measure limits of agreement was ±6.5 seconds for those in the 10th to12th grades, and ±10.2 seconds for those in the 6th to 9th grades.

Conclusions
King-Devick score in junior high and high school athletes is variable but gets faster and more repeatable with increasing age. The KD does not correlate significantly with reduced convergence, alignment, or pupil function. Based on grouped data, a slowing of 10 seconds for younger athletes and 6 seconds for older athletes on a second administration represents a true difference in testing speed. Within-player variability should be considered when removal-from-play decisions are influenced by KD results.
Bone Healing Promotion by Negatively Charged Polysterene Microspheres
Authors: Bar Droma Eitan , Shaco-Levy Ruth , Sukmanov Oleg , Rosenberg Lior , Silberstein Eldad 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Bone healing under optimal conditions is fairly predictable. Yet when the healing process is disturbed by inadequate immobilization, inadequate blood supply, or scar tissue, little therapeutic alternatives to surgery exist.
It appears that redistribution of electric charges along the bone during a callus consolidation promotes bone healing. It has been shown in the past that negatively charged polysterene spheres promote bone growth in animal models.
In this preliminary report, we tested weather or not a commercial device of negatively charged polysterene spheres promotes bone healing in a porcine model.
This preliminary study seems to suggest that the negatively charged polystyrene microspheres may have a potential in promoting bone healing, either alone or as an adjunct to other bone graft materials. These speculations should be further validated by large-scale studies in animal models and clinical trials.
Fatal case of co-infection with dengue virus and Neisseria meningitidis during a dengue epidemic in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: de Filippis Ivano , Guerra Nunes Priscila Conrado , de Andrade Claudia Ferreira , Gonçalves Bianca de Santis , de Araújo Eliane Saraiva , Bezerra Itacirema de Oliveira , da Silva Ivan Rocha Ferreira , Nogueira Rita Maria , de Filippis Ana Maria Bispo 
Published: July 2016

Introduction:
Dengue and meningococcal disease are caused by two different agents: a flavivirus and a Gram-negative bacterium, respectively. The first symptoms of both diseases can be indistinct and a rapid and accurate diagnosis is crucial, considering that both diseases are associated with high morbidity and mortality, representing a major public-health problem in Brazil.

Case presentation:
We report a fatal case of co-infection of dengue virus (DENV) and Neisseria meningitidis in a 54-year-old patient. The serum tested positive for DENV NS1 antigen, and N. meningitidis serogroup C was detected by nspA-PCR. Following the initial positive result for DENV infection, rRT-PCRwas performed and DENV-4 was confirmed.

Conclusion:
Our report highlights the importance of accurate differential diagnosis during periods of high circulation of DENV, in order to provide adequate management and an improved outcome.
The Influence of Lymphoid Reconstitution Kinetics on Clinical Outcomes in Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Kobulnicky David J , Sabo Roy T , Sharma Shashank , Shubar Ali Ali S , Kobulnicky Kristen , Roberts Catherine H , Clark William B , Chung Harold , McCarty John M , Toor Amir A 
Published: July 2016

AbstractLymphoid recovery following myeloablative stem cell transplantation (SCT) displays a logistic pattern of exponential growth followed by a plateau. Within this logistic framework, lymphoid recovery is characterized by the parametersR(slope of ascent),a(time of maximal rate of ascent) andK(plateau), the steady state lymphocyte count. A retrospective analysis of allogeneic SCT performed from 2008 to 2013 was undertaken to compare lymphoid recovery and clinical outcomes in 131 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. UsingPrismsoftware, a logistic curve was successfully fit to the absolute lymphocyte count recovery in all patients. Patients were classified according to the magnitude and rate of lymphoid recovery; pattern A achieved an ALC of > 1000/uL by day 45; pattern B an ALC 500 <x< 1000 /uL and pattern C, an ALC <500/uL. Pattern A was characterized by a higher mean K (p < 0.0001) compared with patterns B & C. Patients with patterns B and C were more likely to have mixed T cell chimerism at ninety days following SCT (p=0.01). There was a trend towards improved survival, (and relapse-free survival) in those with pattern A and B at one year compared to pattern C (p = 0.073). There was no difference in cGVHD (p=0.42) or relapse (p=0.45) between pattern types. CMV, aGVHD and relapse all were heralded by deviation from logistic behavior. Pattern C patients were more likely to require donor lymphocyte infusion (p=0.017). Weaning of Tacrolimus post-transplant was associated with a second, separate logistic expansion in some patients. This study demonstrated that lymphoid reconstitution follows a prototypical logistic recovery and that pattern observed correlates with T cell chimerism and need for DLI, and may influence survival.
A generalized quantitative antibody homeostasis model: regulation of B-cell development by BCR saturation and novel insights into bone marrow function
Authors: Prechl József 
Published: July 2016

In a pair of articles we present a generalized quantitative model for the homeostatic function of clonal humoral immune system. In this first paper we describe the cycles of B-cell expansion and differentiation driven by B-cell receptor engagement.The fate of a B cell is determined by the signals it receives via its antigen receptor at any point of its lifetime. We express BCR engagement as a function of apparent affinity and free antigen concentration, using the range of 10−14to 10−3M for both factors. We assume that for keeping their BCR responsive B cells must maintain partial BCR saturation, which is a narrow region defined by [Ag]≈KD. To remain in this region, B cells respond to changes in [Ag] by proliferation or apoptosis and modulate KDby changing BCR structure. We apply this framework to various niches of B-cell development, such as the bone marrow, blood, lymphoid follicles and germinal centers. We propose that clustered B cells in the bone marrow and in follicles present antigen to surrounding B cells by exposing antigen captured on complement and Fc receptors. The model suggests that antigen-dependent selection in the bone marrow results in 1) effector BI cells, which develop in blood as a consequence of the inexhaustible nature of soluble antigens, 2) memory cells that survive in antigen rich niches, identified as marginal zone B cells. Finally, the model implies that memory B cells could derive survival signals from abundant non-cognate antigens.
Genetic heterogeneity in depressive symptoms following the death of a spouse: Polygenic score analysis of the US Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Domingue Benjamin W. , Liu Hexuan , Okbay Aysu , Belsky Daniel W. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractExperience of stressful life events is associated with risk of depression. Yet many exposed individuals do not become depressed. A controversial hypothesis is that genetic factors influence vulnerability to depression following stress. This hypothesis is most commonly tested with a “diathesis-stress” model, in which genes confer excess vulnerability. We tested an alternative model, in which genes may buffer against the depressogenic effects of life stress. We measured the hypothesized genetic buffer using a polygenic score derived from a published genome-wide association study (GWAS) of subjective wellbeing. We tested if married older adults who had higher polygenic scores were less vulnerable to depressive symptoms following the death of their spouse as compared to age-peers who had also lost their spouse and who had lower polygenic scores. We analyzed data from N=9,453 non-Hispanic white adults in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a population-representative longitudinal study of older adults in the United States. HRS adults with higher wellbeing polygenic scores experienced fewer depressive symptoms during follow-up. Those who survived death of their spouses during follow-up (n=1,829) experienced a sharp increase in depressive symptoms following the death and returned toward baseline over the following two years. Having a higher polygenic score buffered against increased depressive symptoms following a spouse's death. Effects were small and clinical relevance is uncertain, although polygenic score analyses may provide clues to behavioral pathways that can serve as therapeutic targets. Future studies of gene-environment interplay in depression may benefit from focus on genetics discovered for putative protective factors.
Robust ergodicity and tracking in antithetic integral control of stochastic biochemical reaction networks
Authors: Briat Corentin , Khammash Mustafa 
Published: July 2016

AbstractControlling stochastic reactions networks is a challenging problem with important implications in various fields such as systems and synthetic biology. Various regulation motifs have been discovered or posited over the recent years, the most recent one being the so-called Antithetic Integral Control (AIC) motif [1]. Several favorable properties for the AIC motif have been demonstrated for classes of reaction networks that satisfy certain irreducibility, ergodicity and output controllability conditions. Here we address the problem of verifying these conditions for large sets of reaction networks with fixed topology using two different approaches. The first one is quantitative and relies on the notion of interval matrices while the second one is qualitative and is based on sign properties of matrices. The obtained results lie in the same spirit as those obtained in [1] where properties of reaction networks are independently characterized in terms of control theoretic concepts, linear programming conditions and graph theoretic conditions.
Microbial Communities are Well Adapted to Disturbances in Energy Input
Authors: Fernandez-Gonzalez Nuria , Huber Julie A. , Vallino Joseph J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAlthough microbial systems are well-suited for studying concepts in ecological theory, little is known about how microbial communities respond to long-term periodic perturbations beyond diel oscillations. Taking advantage of an ongoing microcosm experiment, we studied how methanotrophic microbial communities adapted to disturbances in energy input over a 20 day cycle period. Sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes together with quantification of microbial abundance and ecosystem function was used to explore the long-term dynamics (510 days) of methanotrophic communities under continuous versus cyclic chemical energy supply. We observed that microbial communities appear inherently well-adapted to disturbances in energy input and that changes in community structure in both treatments are more dependent on internal dynamics than on external forcing. Results also show that the rare biosphere is critical to seeding the internal community dynamics, perhaps due to cross-feeding or other strategies. We conclude that in our experimental system, endogenous feedbacks were more important than exogenous drivers in shaping the community dynamics over time, suggesting that ecosystems can maintain their function despite inherently unstable community dynamics.IMPORTANCEWithin the broader ecological context, biological communities are often viewed as stable and only experience succession or replacement when subject to external perturbations, such as changes in food availability or introduction of exotic species. Our findings indicate that microbial communities can exhibit strong internal dynamics that may be more important in shaping community succession than external drivers. Dynamic ”unstable” communities may be important for ecosystem functional stability, with rare organisms playing an important role in community restructuring. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for internal community dynamics will certainly be required for understanding and manipulating microbiomes in both host-associated and natural ecosystems.
Collaboration in the consulting industry
Authors: Martensen Malte , Ryschka Stephanie , Blesik Till , Bick Markus 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
– By studying the drivers of social collaboration the purpose of this paper is to describe how, and for what job-related purposes, social software is employed in the digital workplace. Focussing on consultants, who are considered to be part of a knowledge-intensive and innovative industry, factors that may influence the adoption of professional social software are explored. In addition, insights about socio-demographic differences as well as distinct consulting segments and use categories are provided.

Design/methodology/approach
– The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technologies (UTAUT) is the theoretical backbone of this research. The UTAUT model is expanded to fit the research goals, and the results from a quantitative study (n=341) are used to test the model.

Findings
– The results suggest that the adoption of social software is associated with the expectation that one’s work performance will improve. There are significant differences regarding age and gender in the use of social software for job-related purposes.

Practical implications
– Using the results of the study, social software suites can be tailored to users’ needs and preferences, which, in turn, may lead to higher levels of acceptance and intensity of use.

Originality/value
– Social software is already widely adopted for private purposes, and it is being used more and more within the digital workplace, too. However, little research has been conducted into how, and for what job-related purposes, social software is employed, or into the potential drivers for its adoption. The stakeholders in the research include scholars and practitioners alike.
Country of origin branding: an integrative perspective
Authors: Brodie Roderick J. , Benson-Rea Maureen 
Published: July 2016

PurposeA new conceptualization of the process of country of origin (COO) branding based on fresh theoretical foundations is developed. This paper aims to provide a strategic perspective that integrates extant views of COO branding, based on identity and image, with a relational perspective based on a process approach to developing collective brand meaning.Design/methodology/approachA systematic review of the literature on COO branding and geographical indicators is undertaken, together with a review of contemporary research on branding. Our framework conceptualizes COO branding as an integrating process that aligns a network of relationships to co-create collective meaning for the brand’s value propositions.FindingsAn illustrative case study provides empirical evidence to support the new theoretical framework.Research limitations/implicationsIssues for further research include exploring and refining the theoretical framework in other research contexts and investigating broader issues about how COO branding influences self and collective interests in business relationships and industry networks.Practical implicationsAdopting a broadened perspective of COO branding enables managers to understand how identity and image are integrated with their business relationships in the context of developing collective brand meaning. Providing a sustained strategic advantage for all network actors, an integrated COO branding process extends beyond developing a distinctive identity and image.Originality/valueAccepted consumer, product, firm and place level perspectives of COO branding are challenged by developing and verifying a new integrated conceptualization of branding.