bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aja'ib, Ghar'aib, Tilismi Qisse, and Salman Rushdie's Tilismi Realism
Authors: Roy Anjali Gera 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Salman Rushdie's writing has been appropriated in both postmodernism and postcolonialism and largely viewed as being influenced by the magic realism of Gabriel Garcia Márquez. Despite Rushdie's self-acknowledged debt to “oriental” storytelling traditions of Dastan-e-Amir Hamza, Dastan-e-Hatim Tai, Panchatantra, Kathasaritsagar, and Arabian Nights, his “Eastern literary ancestors”1 have not been examined in depth. Strongly opposing the perception of Rushdie as a “Third World cosmopolitan” or a “metropolitan intellectual,” Feroza Jussawalla views him as a product of “a post-Mughal Urdu high culture” and suggests that it is “in looking at the form of the dastan that one finally understands the origins of Rushdie's fantastic and what he calls ‘fantabulous’” (1996). This essay focuses on tilism, a key element in qissa or dastan, to locate Rushdie's magic realism within the ontological category of aja'ib wa ghar'ib and traces a continuity between Rushdie's postcolonial English fiction, Urdu translations of dastans, and a new genre of tilismi fiction inaugurated by Rajab Ali Beg Suroor in the first original Urdu romance Fasana-e-Ajaib (1831) that reached its culmination in Devakinandan Khatri's Hindi–Urdu fiction Chandrakanta (1888). It contests the widely held view of Rushdie's fiction as magic realist by proposing that his mix of the real and the marvelous be viewed as “tilismi realism.”
Into Bhasha and English: Comparative Study of Bhasha and English Translation in India
Authors: Chandran Mini 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The paper explores the various aspects of the translation process in India, by comparing regional language and English translations of three particular regional language works, using the Malayalam and English translations of Tarashankar Bandyopadhyaya's Bangla novel Arogyaniketan, U.R. Anantha Murthy's Kannada novel Samskara, and V.S. Khandekar's Marathi novel Yayati. The obvious fluency of a bhasha translation as compared to the English translation, I argue, point to the cultural filiation shared by Indian bhasha works despite their linguistic differences. The English translator in India faces the predicament of having a target language with no cohesive target readership. In fact, without a clear idea of who she is translating for, the English translator is forced to smoothen out the vexatious cultural aspects, which resist being carried over completely across borders. On the other hand, interlingual translation between the regional languages in India is more of an intracultural than an intercultural transference, which leads to less self-conscious translations. Contrary to Lawrence Venuti's argument that ethnocentric violence is the price you pay for fluency, the bhasha translations appear to be more sensitive to cultural nuances than the English ones with all their foreignizing devices of extensive notes and glossary.
The Hindi Postcolonial—Categories and Configurations
Authors: Trivedi Harish 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
By tacit Anglophone collusion, all postcolonial discourse is agreed to be written in English, the language of the colonizer, and not in a language of the colonized such as Hindi. Perhaps for that reason, it has had little impact on Hindi whereas it remains an integral part of the US academy, not always in benign manifestations. A notable recent development is the autonomy from the West that Indian writing in English has won with the rise of writers like Chetan Bhagat and Amish Tripathi in terms of local sales and popularity, and also through deploying non-diasporic local themes and words and phrases from Hindi, etc. Nevertheless, Indian writing in English and works of Hindi literature continue to inhabit widely divergent cultural universes even when addressing similar themes with only a rare borderline foray from one into the other, and it remains debatable whether either postcolonial discourse as currently constituted or Hindi literature has anything to gain from the other.
Can Bengali Literature be Postcolonial?
Authors: Majumder Auritro 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This paper explores the relation between Bengali literature and theories of postcolonialism. Bengali-language literature has been a significant inspiration for South Asian postcolonialist and comparativist concepts in the Anglo-American academy. This paper outlines the key literary figures and genealogies behind the development of postcolonial thought in West Bengal and Bangladesh. Various genres of poetry, drama, and fiction, aesthetic paradigms such as socialist and magical realism, as well as internationalist and indigenous sources, are examined, which enabled such a process across the twentieth century. A consideration of these aspects nuances the intellectual history of metropolitan postcolonialism, I argue, illuminating its erasures and appropriations.
La reforma del procedimiento de reforma constitucional en España
Authors: Vera Santos José Manuel 
Published: August 2016

Resumen:El autor realiza un estudio previo de la regulación constitucional referida a la reforma constitucional en España, para posteriormente establecer pautas que puedan mejorar el procedimiento de reforma.Para ello basa sus propuestas en dos principios: 1. La inclusión de cláusulas de intangibilidad, independientemente del procedimiento a seguir. 2. Establecimiento de un único procedimiento de reforma constitucional, aprovechando la inercia de la actual regulación constitucional, bien siguiendo el sistema de mayoría cualificada (similar al establecido actualmente en el artículo 167 CE), bien el de doble Legislatura (ejemplificado en las previsiones prescritas en el artículo 168 CE), resolviendo las disfunciones que ambos procedimientos podrían atesorar, simplificando los mismos.Abstract:The author conducts a previous study on constitutional regulation concerning the Spanish constitutional reform, in order subsequently to establish guidelines to improve the reform procedure. To this end he bases his proposals in two principles: 1. The inclusion of intangibility clauses, regardless of the procedure to be followed. 2. The establishment of a single constitutional reform procedure, seizing the inertia of the current constitutional regulation, following either thequalified-majority system (similar to the one currently established in article 167) or the double legislature one (exemplified in article 168 stipulations), and resolving and simplifying in both cases the malfunctions that both procedures could present.Summary:Introduction: the housekeeper is evaluating the possibility of refurbishingthe kitchen. 1. Title X of the Spanish Constitution of 1978. 1.1. Constitutional reform initiative and its temporal limits (arts. 166 and 169). 1.2. The reform procedure under article 167. 1.3. The reform procedure under article 168. 2. Possible and desirable reforms or how the sleep of reason can produce monsters, although it should not. 2.1. Previous reflections. 2.2. Regarding the initiative in both procedures. 2.3. Regarding the considerations set out in article 167.2. 2.4. Regarding the stipulations set out in article 168. 3. Provided proposals.
Polar properties of a hexagonally bonded GaN sheet under biaxial compression
Authors: Gao Yanlin , Yayama Tomoe , Okada Susumu 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Using the density functional theory, we study the geometric and electronic structures of a GaN sheet possessing a honeycomb network. The sheet preserves the planar conformation under an equilibrium lattice constant of 3.2 Å, and has a semiconducting electronic structure with an indirect band gap of 2.28 eV. The biaxial compressive strain causes structural buckling, leading to polarization normal to the atomic layer. An external electric field normal to the layer also induces structural buckling with a height proportional to the field strength. The polarity of the buckled GaN sheet is tunable by attaching H atoms on Ga and N atoms.
Penetration of magnetosheath plasma into dayside magnetosphere: 1. Density, velocity, and rotation
Authors: Lyatsky Wladislaw , Pollock Craig , Goldstein Melvyn L. , Lyatskaya Sonya , Avanov Levon 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this study, we examine a large number of plasma structures (filaments), observed with the Cluster spacecraft during 2 years (2007–2008) in the dayside magnetosphere but consisting of magnetosheath plasma. To reduce the effects observed in the cusp regions and on magnetosphere flanks, we consider these events predominantly inside the narrow cone ≤30° about the subsolar point. Two important features of these filaments are (i) their stable antisunward (earthward) motion inside the magnetosphere, whereas the ambient magnetospheric plasma moves usually in the opposite direction (sunward), and (ii) between these filaments and the magnetopause, there is a region of magnetospheric plasma, which separates these filaments from the magnetosheath. The stable earthward motion of these filaments and the presence of a region of magnetospheric plasma between these filaments and the magnetopause show the possible disconnection of these filaments from the magnetosheath, as suggested earlier by many researchers. The results also show that these events cannot be a result of back‐and‐forth motions of magnetopause position or surface waves propagating on the magnetopause. Another important feature of these filaments is their rotation about the filament axis, which might be a result of their passage through the velocity shear on magnetopause boundary. After crossing the velocity shear, the filaments get a rotational velocity, which has opposite directions in the noon‐dusk and noon‐dawn sectors. This rotation velocity may be an important factor, supporting the stability of these filaments and providing their motion into the magnetosphere.
Penetration of magnetosheath plasma into dayside magnetosphere: 2. Magnetic field in plasma filaments
Authors: Lyatsky Wladislaw , Pollock Craig , Goldstein Melvyn L. , Lyatskaya Sonya , Avanov Levon 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we examined plasma structures (filaments), observed in the dayside magnetosphere but containing magnetosheath plasma. These filaments show the stable antisunward motion (while the ambient magnetospheric plasma moved in the opposite direction) and the existence of a strip of magnetospheric plasma, separating these filaments from the magnetosheath. These results, however, contradict both theoretical studies and simulations by Schindler (1979), Ma et al. (1991), Dai and Woodward (1994, 1998), and other researchers, who reported that the motion of such filaments through the magnetosphere is possible only when their magnetic field is directed very close to the ambient magnetic field, which is not the situation that is observed. In this study, we show that this seeming contradiction may be related to different events as the theoretical studies and simulations are related to the case when the filament magnetic field is about aligned with filament orientation, whereas the observations show that the magnetic field in these filaments may be rotating. In this case, the rotating magnetic field, changing incessantly its direction, drastically affects the penetration of plasma filaments into the magnetosphere. In this case, the filaments with rotating magnetic field, even if in each moment it is significantly inclined to the ambient magnetic field, may propagate through the magnetosphere, if their average (for the rotation period) magnetic field is aligned with the ambient magnetic field. This shows that neglecting the rotation of magnetic field in these filaments may lead to wrong results.
Stable isotopes in atmospheric water vapor and applications to the hydrologic cycle
Authors: Galewsky Joseph , Steen‐Larsen Hans Christian , Field Robert D. , Worden John , Risi Camille , Schneider Matthias 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe measurement and simulation of water vapor isotopic composition has matured rapidly over the last decade, with long‐term data sets and comprehensive modeling capabilities now available. Theories for water vapor isotopic composition have been developed by extending the theories that have been used for the isotopic composition of precipitation to include a more nuanced understanding of evaporation, large‐scale mixing, deep convection, and kinetic fractionation. The technologies for in situ and remote sensing measurements of water vapor isotopic composition have developed especially rapidly over the last decade, with discrete water vapor sampling methods, based on mass spectroscopy, giving way to laser spectroscopic methods and satellite‐ and ground‐based infrared absorption techniques. The simulation of water vapor isotopic composition has evolved from General Circulation Model (GCM) methods for simulating precipitation isotopic composition to sophisticated isotope‐enabled microphysics schemes using higher‐order moments for water and ice size distributions. The incorporation of isotopes into GCMs has enabled more detailed diagnostics of the water cycle and has led to improvements in its simulation. The combination of improved measurement and modeling of water vapor isotopic composition opens the door to new advances in our understanding of the atmospheric water cycle, in processes ranging from the marine boundary layer, through deep convection and tropospheric mixing, and into the water cycle of the stratosphere. Finally, studies of the processes governing modern water vapor isotopic composition provide an improved framework for the interpretation of paleoclimate proxy records of the hydrological cycle.
Confidence intervals for time averages in the presence of long‐range correlations, a case study on Earth surface temperature anomalies
Authors: Massah M. , Kantz H. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTime averages, a standard tool in the analysis of environmental data, suffer severely from long‐range correlations. The sample size needed to obtain a desired small confidence interval can be dramatically larger than for uncorrelated data. We present quantitative results for short‐ and long‐range correlated Gaussian stochastic processes. Using these, we calculate confidence intervals for time averages of surface temperature measurements. Temperature time series are well known to be long‐range correlated with Hurst exponents larger than 1/2. Multidecadal time averages are routinely used in the study of climate change. Our analysis shows that uncertainties of such averages are as large as for a single year of uncorrelated data.
Increasing water vapor transport to the Greenland Ice Sheet revealed using self‐organizing maps
Authors: Mattingly Kyle S. , Ramseyer Craig A. , Rosen Joshua J. , Mote Thomas L. , Muthyala Rohi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) has been losing mass in recent decades, with an acceleration in mass loss since 2000. In this study, we apply a self‐organizing map classification to integrated vapor transport data from the ERA‐Interim reanalysis to determine if these GrIS mass loss trends are linked to increases in moisture transport to Greenland. We find that “moist” days (i.e., days featuring anomalously intense water vapor transport to Greenland) were significantly more common during 2000–2015 compared to 1979–1994. Furthermore, the two most intense GrIS melt seasons during the last 36 years were either preceded by a record percentage of moist winter days (2010) or occurred during a summer with a record frequency of moist days (2012). We hypothesize that moisture transport events alter the GrIS energy budget by increasing downwelling longwave radiation and turbulent fluxes of sensible and latent energy.
Projected changes in atmospheric rivers affecting Europe in CMIP5 models
Authors: Ramos Alexandre M. , Tomé Ricardo , Trigo Ricardo M. , Liberato Margarida L. R. , Pinto Joaquim G. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAtmospheric Rivers (ARs) are elongated bands of high water vapor concentration extending to the midlatitudes, which can be associated with intense precipitation and floods over continental areas. We analyze ARs reaching Europe in simulations from six Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) global climate models (GCMs) to quantify possible changes during the current century, with emphasis in five western European prone coastal areas. ARs are represented reasonably well in GCMs for recent climate conditions (1980–2005). Increased vertically integrated horizontal water transport is found for 2074–2099 (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) compared to 1980–2005, while the number of ARs is projected to double on average for the same period. These changes are robust between models and are associated with higher air temperatures and thus enhanced atmospheric moisture content, together with higher precipitation associated with extratropical cyclones. This suggests an increased risk of intense precipitation and floods along the Atlantic European Coasts from the Iberian Peninsula to Scandinavia.
A sequence of flux transfer events potentially generated by different generation mechanisms
Authors: Trenchi L. , Fear R. C. , Trattner K. J. , Mihaljcic B. , Fazakerley A. N. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFlux transfer events (FTEs) are magnetic structures generated by time‐varying reconnection at the dayside magnetopause. Understanding their generation mechanism is important, because it is necessary in order to understand the global contribution of FTEs to the convection process. We present observations of several FTEs sequentially observed by Cluster at the subsolar magnetopause. Cluster detected also several reconnection jets, which seem to be systematically associated with the trailing edge of the FTEs. This association is expected only in the FTEs formed by single X line reconnection but could be compatible also with the multiple X line model, when reconnection at one X line is dominant. Instead, it does not seem compatible with original mechanism proposed by Russell and Elphic (1978). For a large FTE, not associated with any reconnection jet, the Grad‐Shafranov reconstruction obtained from Cluster 1 data recovers a flux rope, indicative of multiple X line reconnection. This same FTE was detected also by Cluster 3, which observed an asymmetric signature in the magnetic field component normal to the magnetopause. We show that this asymmetric signature was caused by an outward motion of the magnetopause. The orientation of the other FTEs, obtained from a Grad‐Shafranov optimization, shows considerable spread, despite the relatively steady conditions. Our interpretation is that a combination of single and multiple X line reconnection generated these FTEs. The FTEs in the first part of the crossing, associated with reconnection jets, are generated by the single X line model and may therefore not satisfy the Grad‐Shafranov assumptions so well. Instead, the last FTE, slower, bigger, and well separated from the previous ones, may be formed by multiple X line reconnection.
Correlation analysis for preseismic total electron content anomalies around the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake
Authors: Iwata Takuya , Umeno Ken 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe can observe the changes of Total Electron Content, TEC, in ionosphere by analyzing the data from Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) satellites. Up to now, preseismic TEC anomalies have been reported in several papers. However, they are not so clear as coseismic TEC anomalies, and their analysis methods have some problems for practical earthquake prediction. One factor making it difficult to detect TEC anomalies is large noises in TEC data. Nonnegligible TEC disturbances are caused by many natural mechanisms. To overcome this difficulty, we propose correlation analyses between one GNSS station and GNSS stations surrounding it. First, we model TEC time series over a few hours using polynomial functions of time. Second, we calculate prediction errors as the departure of the TEC time series from the models over time scale of a few minutes and define it as the TEC anomaly. Third, we calculate the correlation between anomaly of one GNSS station and those at the surrounding stations. Although such a correlation method has long been used for radio communications, in particular for spread spectrum communications and very long baseline interferometry to increase signal‐to‐noise ratio, it has not been widely applied for TEC analysis. As a result of our method, we demonstrate that the correlation analysis can detect preseismic anomalies about 1 h before the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake on 11 March (Mw 9.0), 20 min before the foreshock on 9 March and 40 min before the aftershock on 7 April (Mw 7.3).
Tracing shifts of oceanic fronts using the cryptic diversity of the planktonic foraminifera Globorotalia inflata
Authors: Morard Raphaël , Reinelt Melanie , Chiessi Cristiano M. , Groeneveld Jeroen , Kucera Michal 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe use of planktonic foraminifera in paleoceanographic studies relies on the assumption that morphospecies represent biological species with ecological preferences that are stable through time and space. However, genetic surveys unveiled a considerable level of diversity in most morphospecies of planktonic foraminifera. This diversity is significant for paleoceanographic applications because cryptic species were shown to display distinct ecological preferences that could potentially help refine paleoceanographic proxies. Subtle morphological differences between cryptic species of planktonic foraminifera have been reported, but so far, their applicability within paleoceanographic studies remains largely unexplored. Here we show how information on genetic diversity can be transferred to paleoceanography using Globorotalia inflata as a case study. The two cryptic species of G. inflata are separated by the Brazil‐Malvinas Confluence (BMC), a major oceanographic feature in the South Atlantic. Based on this observation, we developed a morphological model of cryptic species detection in core top material. The application of the cryptic species detection model to Holocene samples implies latitudinal oscillations in the position of the confluence that are largely consistent with reconstructions obtained from stable isotope data. We show that the occurrence of cryptic species in G. inflata can be detected in the fossil record and used to trace the migration of the BMC. Since a similar degree of morphological separation as in G. inflata has been reported from other species of planktonic foraminifera, the approach presented in this study can potentially yield a wealth of new paleoceanographical proxies.