bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional interaction of low-homology FRPs from different cyanobacteria with Synechocystis OCP
Authors: Slonimskiy Yury B. , Maksimov Eugene G. , Lukashev Evgeny P. , Moldenhauer Marcus , Jeffries Cy M. , Svergun Dmitri I. , Friedrich Thomas , Sluchanko Nikolai N. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPhotosynthesis requires a balance between efficient light harvesting and protection against photodamage. The cyanobacterial photoprotection system uniquely relies on the functioning of the photoactive orange carotenoid protein (OCP) that under intense illumination provides fluorescence quenching of the light-harvesting antenna complexes, phycobilisomes. The recently identified fluorescence recovery protein (FRP) binds to the photoactivated OCP and accelerates its relaxation into the basal form, completing the regulatory circle. The molecular mechanism of FRP functioning is largely controversial. Moreover, since the available knowledge has mainly been gained from studying Synechocystis proteins, the cross-species conservation of the FRP mechanism remains unexplored. Besides phylogenetic analysis, we performed a detailed structural-functional analysis of two selected low-homology FRPs by comparing them with Synechocystis FRP (SynFRP). While adopting similar dimeric conformations in solution and preserving binding preferences of SynFRP toward various OCP variants, the low-homology FRPs demonstrated distinct binding stoichiometries and differentially accentuated features of this functional interaction. By providing clues to understand the FRP mechanism universally, our results also establish foundations for upcoming structural investigations necessary to elucidate the FRP-dependent regulatory mechanism.
Seasonal physiological responses to heat in an alpine range-restricted bird: the Cape Rockjumper
Authors: Oswald Krista N , Lee Alan TK , Smit Ben 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHot, dry summer conditions impose physiological stress on endotherms, yet we have a poor understanding of how endotherms seasonally adjust their costs of thermoregulation under hot conditions. We determined whether seasonal phenotypic plasticity in evaporative cooling capacity at high temperatures explained how the range-restricted Cape Rockjumper (Chaetops frenatus; hereafter “Rockjumper”), copes with hot and dry summer temperatures of the temperate mountain peaks of southwest South Africa. We measured evaporative water loss (EWL), resting metabolic rate (RMR), and body temperature (Tb) at high air temperatures (30 to 42°C) of individuals from a wild population of Rockjumpers during winter and summer (n = 11 winter, 4 females, 7 males; n = 10 summer, 6 females, 4 males). We found Rockjumper evaporative cooling in summer imposes higher EWL (i.e. greater water costs) compared to winter, although an accompanying lack of change in RMR resulted in increased summer cooling efficiency. These patterns are similar to those observed in species that inhabit regions where summer temperatures are routinely hot but not water stressed. Our findings show that avian seasonal physiological adjustments to heat can be diverse. Further seasonal studies on thermoregulation in the heat will greatly improve our knowledge of the functional value traits such as evaporative cooling efficiency and heat tolerance hold and how they contribute to the physiological stress organisms experience in heterogenous environments.
Isolation and characterization of bacteriophages that infect Citrobacter rodentium, a model pathogen for investigating human intestinal diseases
Authors: Mizuno Carolina M. , Luong Tiffany , Cedarstrom Robert , Krupovic Mart , Debarbieux Laurent , Roach Dwayne R. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEnteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a major etiology for diarrheal diseases among children. Antibiotics, when used appropriately, are effective; however, their overuse and misuse has led to the rise of antibiotic resistance worldwide. Thus, there are renewed efforts into the development of phage therapy. Due to the drawbacks of EPEC in vivo models, a surrogate is the mouse-restricted gut pathgoen Citrobacter rodentium. In this study, two new phages CrRp3 and CrRp10, which infect C. rodentium, were isolated and characterized. CrRp3 was found to be a new species within the genus Vectrevirus and CrRp10 is a new strain within the genus Tequatrovirus. Neither phage carries known genes associated with bacterial virulence, antibiotic resistance, or lysogeny. CrRp3 and CrRp10 appear to have independently evolved from E. coli phages. CrRp3 appears to be the more ‘potent’ being 24x more likely to find a host cell and has a shorter lytic cycle, while CrRp10 at MOI 0.001 was able to maintain bacterial density below the limit of detection after 18 h. We found that hypoxia (5% O2 and 5% CO2) inhibited CrRp3 ability to reverse exponential bacterial growth. It is unclear whether the subtle characteristic differences between CrRp3 and CrRp10 will influence treatment efficacy in future phage therapy in vivo investigations.
Identification of loci where DNA methylation potentially mediates genetic risk of type 1 diabetes
Authors: Ye Jody , Richardson Tom G , McArdle Wendy L , Relton Caroline L , Gillespie Kathleen M , Suderman Matthew , Hemani Gibran 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe risk of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) comprises both genetic and environmental components. We investigated whether genetic susceptibility to T1D could be mediated by changes in DNA methylation, an epigenetic mechanism that potentially plays a role in autoimmune diabetes. Using data from a non-diabetic population comprising blood samples taken at birth (n=844), childhood (n=911) and adolescence (n=907), we evaluated the associations between 65 top GWAS single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genome-wide DNA methylation levels. We identified 159 proximal SNP-cytosine phosphate guanine (CpG) pairs (cis), and 7 distal SNP-CpG associations (trans) at birth, childhood, and adolescence. There was also a systematic enrichment for methylation related SNPs to be associated with T1D across the genome, after controlling for genomic characteristics of the SNPs, implying that methylation could either be on the causal pathway to T1D or a non-causal biomarker. Combining the principles of Mendelian Randomization and genetic colocalization analysis, we provided evidence that at 5 loci,ITGB3BP,AFF3,PTPN2,CTSHandCTLA4, DNA methylation is potentially on the causal pathway to T1D.
Caenorhabditis elegans locomotion is affected by internalized paramagnetic nanoparticles in the presence of magnetic field
Authors: Gourgou Eleni , Zhang Yang , Mirzakhalili Ehsan , Epureanu Bogdan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractC. elegans nematodes are a model organism used broadly to investigate the impact of environmental factors on physiology and behavior. Here, C. elegans with internalized paramagnetic nanoparticles were placed inside magnetic field to explore effects on locomotion. We hypothesize that internalized paramagnetic nanoparticles combined with external magnetic field affect C. elegans’ locomotion machinery. To test our hypothesis, we used young adult C. elegans fed on bacteria mixed with paramagnetic nanoparticles of 1 μm, 100 nm and 40 nm diameter. The presence of nanoparticles inside the worms’ body (alimentary canal, body muscle) was verified by fluorescent and electron microscopy. A custom-made software was used to track freely moving C. elegans in the absence or presence of magnetic field sequentially for 200+200 sec. We used established metrics to quantify locomotion-related parameters, including posture, motion and path features. Key features of C. elegans locomotion (increased body bends and stay ratio, decreased range, forward movement, and speed along the magnetic field) were affected in worms with internalized nanoparticles of 100 nm and 1 μm in the presence of magnetic field, in contrast to untreated worms. Our work contributes on clarifying the effect of internalized paramagnetic nanoparticles, combined with magnetic field, on C. elegans locomotion.Summary StatementC. elegans with internalized paramagnetic nanoparticles are placed inside magnetic field to explore effects on locomotion. Results support the potential of C. elegans to investigate the impact of the above environmental factors on behavior.
The USA as a good comparator for UK in corporate governance
Authors: Nyombi Chrispas 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the reasons why the USA makes a good comparator for the UK when it comes to corporate governance.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper is largely theoretical.

Findings
The paper finds that the USA has become a laboratory for ideas in corporate governance and the UK can learn a lot in areas such as takeovers and shareholders’ rights.

Originality/value
The paper explains the reasons why the UK and the USA have dominated research literature in corporate governance. The findings and arguments raised throughout the paper are very original.
The role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) toward the development micro and small and entrepreneurs using partnership and community development program (PKBL) in Pekanbaru
Authors: Indarti Sri 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to determine the roles of corporate social responsibility (CSR) or social responsibility practiced by state-owned enterprises (SOEs) toward the development of entrepreneurial attitude and revenue of micro and small entrepreneurs in Pekanbaru.

Design/methodology/approach
This research used quantitative analysis with t-test (different test) to view the differences in entrepreneurial attitude and revenue before and after receiving the CSR fund through Partnership and Community Development Program (PKBL program).

Findings
PKBL aid by a state-owned company is highly effective and helps small and micro entrepreneurs in increasing revenue. It is seen from the significance of sales turnover and cost efficiency development. Some positive impacts of receiving PKBL fund on the development of entrepreneurial attitude towards positivity are significant and some are not. A significant change is found in the development of entrepreneurial attitude in the aspect of planning and leadership that show that micro and small entrepreneurs have a plan and a good leadership after receiving PKBL fund. There appears a significant difference before and after PKBL fund distribution. Confidence, task orientation, risk taking and honesty dimensions show no signs of significant difference before and after receiving PKBL fund, as they are related to someone’s nature, which is attached to each individual, and it requires time, processes and optimal treatment to change.

Originality/value
No study has investigated the roles of CSR or social responsibility practiced by SOEs towards the development of entrepreneurial attitude and revenue of micro and small entrepreneurs in Pekanbaru, Riau.
Is the learning economy a viable concept for understanding the modern economy?
Authors: Cotsomitis John A. 
Published: January 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the conceptual adequacy of the learning economy and its ability to describe the modern globalised economy. It is argued that unlike many fleeting catchwords and phrases found in economics, the learning economy represents a superior conceptual and heuristic starting point that reflects a new and emerging economic regime.Design/methodology/approachThe paper examines those features of the learning economy which makes it a useful conceptualization and highlights some preconditions that are functional for its emergence. The paper then assesses the empirical validity of the learning economy and gauges its performance across 16 EU countries.FindingsThe learning economy represents a viable and useful concept in economics and the broader social sciences, which synthesizes recent attempts to depict what is new in the world economy into an internally coherent whole while overcoming previous shortcomings. It reflects a tangible reality that has taken hold most firmly in a small but significant part of the world, the Nordic countries of Northwestern Europe.Social implicationsBecause it has already emerged in some advanced countries, the learning economy offers a concrete exemplar for other countries to emulate. If one has to ask people and communities to sacrifice, save and invest for the future, it is more convincing to do so for a concrete and credible future that does exist than for some conjectural future.Originality/valueThe paper uses an epistemological perspective to analyse the concept of the learning economy as articulated by Bengt-Äke Lundvall.
Effects of income inequality on the economic growth of Brazilian states
Authors: Besarria Cássio Nobrega , Araujo Jevuks Matheus , Silva Andrea Ferreira da , Sobral Erika Fernanda Miranda , Pereira Thiago Geovane 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of income inequality on the economic growth of Brazilian states in the period from 1994 to 2014. The transmission mechanism of the effects of income inequality on economic growth is derived from the model proposed by Halter et al. (2014).

Design/methodology/approach
The empirical formulation adopted to achieve this goal is divided into two stages. The first stage is limited to short-term analysis, and panel data models with fixed effects, random effects, and instrumental variables are used. In the second stage, the discussion turns to the use of the error correction model for a cointegrated panel.

Findings
The findings of this study suggest that inequalities in income and educational level are the principal determinants of different growth rates among Brazilian states. More specifically, it is found that additional years of schooling positively influence growth. By contrast, income inequality negatively affects this indicator.

Originality/value
The present study differs from the others in that it adapts the discussion proposed by Halter et al. (2014) to the analysis of Brazilian states. Halter et al. (2014) derive the transmission channel between income inequality and economic growth, showing a non-monotonic adjustment trajectory of production that leads to a linear theoretical model of income inequality and economic growth that is similar to those used in this type of approach.
Assessment of ambient dust pollution status at selected point sources (residential and commercial) of Mingaladon area, Yangon region, Myanmar
Authors: Tun Sai Nyan Lin , Aung Than Htut , Mon Aye Sandar , Kyaw Pyay Hein , Siriwong Wattasit , Robson Mark , Htut Than 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
Dust (particulate matters) is very dangerous to our health as it is not visible with our naked eyes. Emissions of dust concentrations in the natural environment can occur mainly by road traffic, constructions and dust generating working environments. The purpose of this paper is to assess the ambient dust pollution status and to find out the association between PM concentrations and other determinant factors such as wind speed, ambient temperature, relative humidity and traffic congestion.

Design/methodology/approach
A cross-sectional study was conducted for two consecutive months (June and July, 2016) at a residential site (Defence Services Liver Hospital, Mingaladon) and a commercial site (Htouk-kyant Junction, Mingaladon) based on WHO Air Quality Reference Guideline Value (24-hour average). Hourly monitoring of PM2.5 and PM10 concentration and determinant factors such as traffic congestion, wind speed, ambient temperature and relative humidity for 24 hours a day was performed in both study sites. CW-HAT200 handheld particulate matters monitoring device was used to assess PM concentrations, temperature and humidity while traffic congestion was monitored by CCTV cameras.

Findings
The baseline PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations of Mingaladon area were (28.50±11.49)µg/m3 and (52.69±23.53)µg/m3, means 61.48 percent of PM2.5 concentration and 54.92 percent of PM10 concentration exceeded than the WHO reference value during the study period. PM concentration usually reached a peak during early morning (within 3:00 a.m.-5:00 a.m.) and at night (after 9:00 p.m.). PM2.5 concentration mainly depends on traffic congestion and temperature (adjusted R2=0.286), while PM10 concentration depends on traffic congestion and relative humidity (adjusted R2=0.292). Wind speed played a negative role in both PM2.5 and PM10 concentration with r=−0.228 and r=−0.266.

Originality/value
The air quality of the study area did not reach the satisfiable condition. The main cause of increased dust pollution in the whole study area was high traffic congestion (R2=0.63 and 0.60 for PM2.5 and PM10 concentration).
Morphology transformation on Cu3Sn grains during the formation of full Cu3Sn solder joints in electronic packaging
Authors: Yao Peng , Li Xiaoyan , Jin Fengyang , Li Yang 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to analyze the morphology transformation on the Cu3Sn grains during the formation of full Cu3Sn solder joints in electronic packaging.

Design/methodology/approach
Because of the infeasibility of analyzing the morphology transformation intuitively, a novel equivalent method is used. The morphology transformation on the Cu3Sn grains, during the formation of full Cu3Sn solder joints, is regarded as equivalent to the morphology transformation on the Cu3Sn grains derived from the Cu/Sn structures with different Sn thickness.

Findings
During soldering, the Cu3Sn grains first grew in the fine equiaxial shape in a ripening process until the critical size. Under the critical size, the Cu3Sn grains were changed from the equiaxial shape to the columnar shape. Moreover, the columnar Cu3Sn grains could be divided into different clusters with different growth directions. With the proceeding of soldering, the columnar Cu3Sn grains continued to grow in a feather of the width growing at a greater extent than the length. With the growth of the columnar Cu3Sn grains, adjacent Cu3Sn grains, within each cluster, merged with each other. Next, the merged columnar Cu3Sn grains, within each cluster, continued to merge with each other. Finally, the columnar Cu3Sn grains, within each cluster, merged into one coarse columnar Cu3Sn grain with the formation of full Cu3Sn solder joints. The detailed mechanism, for the very interesting morphology transformation, has been proposed.

Originality/value
Few researchers focused on the morphology transformation of interfacial phases during the formation of full intermetallic compounds joints. To bridge the research gap, the morphology transformation on the Cu3Sn grains during the formation of full Cu3Sn solder joints has been studied for the first time.
Recurrence of vulval intraepithelial neoplasia following treatment with cidofovir or imiquimod: results from a multicentre, randomised, phase II trial (RT3VIN)
Authors: Hurt CN , Jones SEF , Madden T‐A , Fiander A , Nordin AJ , Naik R , Powell N , Carucci M , Tristram A 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveTo compare the recurrence rates after complete response to topical treatment with either cidofovir or imiquimod for vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) 3.DesignA prospective, open, randomised multicentre trial.Setting32 general hospitals located in Wales and England.Population or Sample180 patients were randomised consecutively between 21 October 2009 and 11 January 2013, 89 to cidofoovir (of whom 41 completely responded to treatment) and 91 to imiquimod (of whom 42 completely responded to treatment).MethodsAfter 24 weeks of treatment, complete responders were followed up at 6‐monthly intervals for 24 months. At each visit, the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v3.0 was assessed and any new lesions were biopsied for histology.Main outcome measuresTime to histologically confirmed disease recurrence (any grade of VIN).ResultsThe median length of follow up was 18.4 months. At 18 months, more participants were VIN‐free in the cidofovir arm: 94% (95% CI 78.2–98.5) versus 71.6% (95% CI 52.0–84.3) [univariable hazard ratio (HR) 3.46, 95% CI 0.95–12.60, P = 0.059; multivariable HR 3.53, 95% CI 0.96–12.98, P = 0.057). The number of grade 2+ events was similar between treatment arms (imiquimod: 24/42 (57%) versus cidofovir: 27/41 (66%), χ2 = 0.665, P = 0.415), with no grade 4+.ConclusionsLong‐term data indicates a trend towards response being maintained for longer following treatment with cidofovir than with imiquimod, with similar low rates of adverse events for each drug. Adverse event rates indicated acceptable safety of both drugsTweetable abstractLong‐term follow up in the RT3VIN trial suggests cidofovir may maintain response for longer than imiquimod.
Fatal Hemorrhage from an Arteriovenous Fistula
Authors: Handlos Petr , Marecová Klára , Smatanová Margita , Dvořáček Igor , Dobiáš Martin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this study, we present two cases of sudden deaths of people with end‐stage kidney with arteriovenous fistulas for long‐term hemodialysis treatment. This procedure is associated with a number of known complications. While stenosis, thrombosis, and infection are well known, lethal hemorrhage from arteriovenous fistula is much less commonly encountered. Inspection of the bodies at the scene of the death by a medical examiner suggested that the deaths were due to exsanguination. Autopsies revealed visible defects on the front wall of the arteriovenous fistulas. Microscopic examination showed wall necrosis with infiltration of various inflammatory cells. Deaths were due to exsanguination from the ulcerated arteriovenous fistulas in patients with chronic renal failure. Further investigation revealed that complications in the area around the arteriovenous fistulas were known and were being treated until a sudden rupture of the vessels and hemorrhage from the arteriovenous fistulas resulted in the deaths.
Discrimination of Geographical Origin of Asian Garlic Using Isotopic and Chemical Datasets under Stepwise Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Liu Tsang‐Sen , Lin Jhen‐Nan , Peng Tsung‐Ren 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIsotopic compositions of δ2H, δ18O, δ13C, and δ15N and concentrations of 22 trace elements from garlic samples were analyzed and processed with stepwise principal component analysis (PCA) to discriminate garlic's country of origin among Asian regions including South Korea, Vietnam, Taiwan, and China. Results indicate that there is no single trace‐element concentration or isotopic composition that can accomplish the study's purpose and the stepwise PCA approach proposed does allow for discrimination between countries on a regional basis. Sequentially, Step‐1 PCA distinguishes garlic's country of origin among Taiwanese, South Korean, and Vietnamese samples; Step‐2 PCA discriminates Chinese garlic from South Korean garlic; and Step‐3 and Step‐4 PCA, Chinese garlic from Vietnamese garlic. In model tests, countries of origin of all audit samples were correctly discriminated by stepwise PCA. Consequently, this study demonstrates that stepwise PCA as applied is a simple and effective approach to discriminating country of origin among Asian garlics.