bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature regulation of marine heterotrophic prokaryotes increases latitudinally as a breach between bottom‐up and top‐down controls
Authors: Morán Xosé Anxelu G. , Gasol Josep M. , Pernice Massimo C. , Mangot Jean‐François , Massana Ramon , Lara Elena , Vaqué Dolors , Duarte Carlos M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPlanktonic heterotrophic prokaryotes make up the largest living biomass and process most organic matter in the ocean. Determining when and where the biomass and activity of heterotrophic prokaryotes are controlled by resource availability (bottom‐up), predation and viral lysis (top‐down) or temperature will help in future carbon cycling predictions. We conducted an extensive survey across subtropical and tropical waters of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans during the Malaspina 2010 Global Circumnavigation Expedition and assessed indices for these three types of controls at 109 stations (mostly from the surface to 4,000 m depth). Temperature control was approached by the apparent activation energy in eV (ranging from 0.46 to 3.41), bottom‐up control by the slope of the log‐log relationship between biomass and production rate (ranging from −0.12 to 1.09) and top‐down control by an index that considers the relative abundances of heterotrophic nanoflagellates and viruses (ranging from 0.82 to 4.83). We conclude that temperature becomes dominant (i.e. activation energy >1.5 eV) within a narrow window of intermediate values of bottom‐up (0.3–0.6) and top‐down 0.8–1.2) controls. A pervasive latitudinal pattern of decreasing temperature regulation towards the Equator, regardless of the oceanic basin, suggests that the impact of global warming on marine microbes and their biogeochemical function will be more intense at higher latitudes. Our analysis predicts that 1°C ocean warming will result in increased biomass of heterotrophic prokaryoplankton only in waters with <26°C of mean annual surface temperature.
Hydrochar enhances growth of poplar for bioenergy while marginally contributing to direct soil carbon sequestration
Authors: Baronti Silvia , Alberti Giorgio , Camin Federica , Criscuoli Irene , Genesio Lorenzo , Mass Robert , Vaccari Francesco P. , Ziller Luca , Miglietta Franco 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has been proposed as an alternative method to pyrolysis for producing C‐rich amendments for soil C sequestration. However, the use of hydrochar (HC) as soil amendment is still controversial due to the limited information on the potential benefits and trade‐offs that may follow its application into soil. This study investigated the effects of HC starting from maize silage on plant growth in a 2‐year controlled experiment on poplar for bioenergy and evaluated HC stability in soil by periodic soil respiration and isotopic (δ13C) measurements. HC application caused a substantial and significant increase in plant biomass after one and two years after planting, and no evident signs of plant diseases were evident. Isotopic analysis on soil and CO2 efflux showed that slightly less than half of the C applied was re‐emitted as CO2 within 12 months. On the contrary, considering that the difference in the amount of N fixed in wood biomass in treated and not‐treated poplars was 16.6 ± 4.8 g N m−2 and that the soil N stocks after one year since application did not significantly change, we estimated that approximately 85% of the N applied with HC could have been potentially lost as leachate or volatilized into the atmosphere as N2O, in response to nitrification/denitrification processes in the soil. Thus, the permanence, additionality and leakage of C sequestration strategy using HC are deeply discussed.
Urea and composted cattle manure affect forage yield and nutritive value in sandy soils of south‐central Vietnam
Authors: McRoberts K. C. , Parsons D. , Ketterings Q. M. , Hai T. T. , Quan N. H. , Ba N. X. , Nicholson C. F. , Cherney D. J. R. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractImproved forage management can support increased production in smallholder beef systems. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of mineral nitrogen (urea) and composted cattle manure on Brachiaria cv. Mulato II yield and nutritive value in south‐central coastal Vietnam. Study design was a randomized complete block on six farms (blocks), with treatments derived from the factorial combination of five rates of composted cattle manure (0, 4, 8, 12 and 24 Mg DM ha−1 year−1) and three urea rates (0, 60 and 120 kg N ha−1 year−1), split into six yearly applications. Yield was measured from 2011 to 2013 with 36‐day average harvest intervals. Forage nutritive value was measured in September 2011 and December 2012. Highest yields were achieved when both compost and urea were applied at high rates. The initial yield and tiller responses to urea application were not sustained over the duration of the study when no compost was applied. Compost applied in isolation did not increase yield. Compost application increased ash concentration. Urea increased nutrient yield for all forage nutritive value parameters measured. Composted cattle manure combined with urea benefits grass yield, but high application rates are needed for sustained high yields on sandy soils.
Interpersonal Emotion Regulation in the Workplace: A Conceptual and Operational Review and Future Research Agenda
Authors: Troth Ashlea C. , Lawrence Sandra A. , Jordan Peter J. , Ashkanasy Neal M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEmployees need to regulate their own emotions as well as the emotions of others to enhance the quality of interactions with their colleagues. How well this is achieved has important outcomes for both employees and the organizations in which they work. In the field of organizational science, however, differing approaches have emerged regarding the conceptualization and operationalization of emotion regulation (ER) particularly in terms of interpersonal interactions. The present review examines contemporary theoretical perspectives of ER and its measurement with a view to resolving the confusion that currently exists around interpersonal ER in a workplace context. To understand how this field of research has developed so diversely, the authors begin by demonstrating the influence of three major individual‐level ER models on interpersonal‐level approaches: (1) the ER process model; (2) emotional labor; and (3) emotional intelligence. Moreover, to make sense of the range of interpersonal‐level research underpinned by these theories, the authors present a 2×2 categorization, developed by Zaki and Williams (2013), which shows how workplace researchers have variously approached interpersonal ER as an intrinsic vs. extrinsic process, with activation of either response‐dependent or response‐independent categories. This categorization broadly shows interpersonal ER theory used in work contexts tends to fall into four groupings as: (1) a purely extrinsic process; (2) a differentiation of extrinsic interpersonal from intrinsic individual ER; (3) co‐occurring intrinsic and extrinsic interpersonal ER; or (4) interpersonal coregulation. This paper also discusses the measurement of interpersonal ER and concludes by highlighting emerging research directions.
Identification of risk factors predicting febrile neutropenia in patients with metastatic germ cell tumors receiving cisplatin‐based combination chemotherapy
Authors: Nishikawa Masatomo , Miyake Hideaki , Fujisawa Masato 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesTo identify clinical features and predictive factors of febrile neutropenia in Japanese patients with metastatic germ cell tumors undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy.MethodsBetween April 2007 and May 2016, 86 consecutive Japanese patients with metastatic germ cell tumors were treated with cisplatin‐based combination chemotherapy, including bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin, and paclitaxel, ifosfamide and cisplatin. A total of 378 chemotherapy cycles administered for these 86 patients were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsDuring the 378 cycles, consisting of 212 for bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin, and 166 for paclitaxel, ifosfamide and cisplatin, 81 episodes of febrile neutropenia (21.4%) developed in 34 patients (39.5%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low estimated glomerular filtration rate and albumin levels were independent risk factors for the development of febrile neutropenia. Furthermore, a significant difference in the incidence of febrile neutropenia was noted according to positive numbers of these two independent risk factors; that is, febrile neutropenia occurred in 13 of 171 courses in patients negative for any risk factors (7.6%), 44 of 155 courses in those positive for a single risk factor (28.4%) and 24 of 52 courses in those positive for two risk factors (46.2%).ConclusionsThe incidence of febrile neutropenia in Japanese metastatic germ cell tumor patients receiving cisplatin‐based combination chemotherapy appears to be higher than reported previously by studies in Western countries. When carrying out cytotoxic chemotherapy, special attention should be paid to patients with low estimated glomerular filtration rate and/or albumin levels considering the high probability of febrile neutropenia.
Benefits of clinical facilitators on improving stroke care in acute hospitals: a new programme for Australia
Authors: Purvis Tara , Moss Karen , Francis Linda , Borschmann Karen , Kilkenny Monique F. , Denisenko Sonia , Bladin Christopher F. , Cadilhac Dominique A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundCare gaps for stroke lead to preventable disability and deaths. The Victorian State Government implemented a programme of employing clinical Facilitators on a fixed‐term basis for up to 3 years (2008–2011) in eight hospitals to improve stroke care. The Facilitators were to establish stroke units where absent, implement evidence‐based management protocols and provide staff education within an agreed work plan.AimTo determine if the Facilitator role was associated with improved stroke care and to describe factors supporting or mitigating enhancements to care.MethodsA mixed methods design was employed with historical control using patient‐level audit data (pre‐Facilitator: n = 600; post‐Facilitator: n = 387) and qualitative data from independently conducted semistructured interviews with hospital staff, including clinicians, executives and facilitators (n = 10 focus groups; 75 respondents).ResultsStroke units, clinical pathways and outpatient clinics for managing transient ischaemic attacks (TIA) were established. Compared with the pre‐Facilitator period, significant increases in patient access to stroke unit care (53% vs 86%, P < 0.001) and intravenous thrombolysis (2% vs 9%, P < 0.001) were achieved. Hospital staff reported that the Facilitator was integral to system improvements by fostering communication, encouraging team motivation and cohesiveness and increasing interest in stroke care. Ongoing barriers included limited resources to operate TIA clinics effectively, staff turnover requiring ongoing education, inconsistency in compliance with protocols and, in some hospitals, the need for formalised medical leadership.ConclusionFixed‐term employment of Facilitators was effective in positively influencing stroke care in hospitals through a range of change management strategies where stroke‐specific expertise had been previously limited.
Childhood maltreatment and adulthood poor sleep quality: a longitudinal study
Authors: Abajobir Amanuel A. , Kisely Steve , Williams Gail , Strathearn Lane , Najman Jake M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundAvailable evidence from cross‐sectional studies suggests that childhood maltreatment may be associated with a range of sleep disorders. However, these studies have not controlled for potential individual‐, familial‐ and environmental‐level confounders.AimTo determine the association between childhood maltreatment and lower sleep quality after adjusting for potential confounders.MethodsData for the present study were obtained from a pre‐birth cohort study of 3778 young adults (52.6% female) of the Mater Hospital‐University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy follow up at a mean age of 20.6 years. The Mater Hospital‐University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy is a prospective Australian pre‐birth cohort study of mothers consecutively recruited during their first obstetric clinic visit at Brisbane's Mater Hospital in 1981–1983. Participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index at the 21‐year follow up. We linked this dataset to agency‐recorded substantiated cases of childhood maltreatment. A series of separate logistic regression models was used to test whether childhood maltreatment predicted lower sleep quality after adjustment for selected confounders.ResultsSubstantiated physical abuse significantly predicted lower sleep quality in males. Single and multiple forms of childhood maltreatment, including age of maltreatment and number of substantiations, did not predict lower sleep quality in either gender in both crude and adjusted models. Not being married, living in a residential problem area, cigarette smoking and internalising were significantly associated with lower sleep quality in a fully adjusted model for the male–female combined sample.ConclusionsChildhood maltreatment does not appear to predict young adult poor sleep quality, with the exception of physical abuse for males. While childhood maltreatment has been found to predict a range of mental health problems, childhood maltreatment does not appear to predict sleep problems occurring in young adults. Poor sleep quality was accounted for by concurrent social disadvantage, cigarette smoking and internalising.
Mesenteric lymph node CD11b− CD103+ PD‐L1High dendritic cells highly induce regulatory T cells
Authors: Shiokawa Aya , Kotaki Ryutaro , Takano Tomohiro , Nakajima‐Adachi Haruyo , Hachimura Satoshi 
Published: April 2017

SummaryDendritic cells (DCs) in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) induce Foxp3+ regulatory T cells to regulate immune responses to beneficial or non‐harmful agents in the intestine, such as commensal bacteria and foods. Several studies in MLN DCs have revealed that the CD103+ DC subset highly induces regulatory T cells, and another study has reported that MLN DCs from programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) ‐deficient mice could not induce regulatory T cells. Hence, the present study investigated the expression of these molecules on MLN CD11c+ cells. Four distinct subsets expressing CD103 and/or PD‐L1 were identified, namely CD11b+ CD103+ PD‐L1High, CD11b− CD103+ PD‐L1High, CD11b− CD103+ PD‐L1Low and CD11b+ CD103− PD‐L1Int. Among them, the CD11b− CD103+ PD‐L1High DC subset highly induced Foxp3+ T cells. This subset expressed Aldh1a2 and Itgb8 genes, which are involved in retinoic acid metabolism and transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) activation, respectively. Exogenous TGF‐β supplementation equalized the level of Foxp3+ T‐cell induction by the four subsets whereas retinoic acid did not, which suggests that high ability to activate TGF‐β is determinant for the high Foxp3+ T‐cell induction by CD11b− CD103+ PD‐L1High DC subset. Finally, this subset exhibited a migratory DC phenotype and could take up and present orally administered antigens. Collectively, the MLN CD11b− CD103+ PD‐L1High DC subset probably takes up luminal antigens in the intestine, migrates to MLNs, and highly induces regulatory T cells through TGF‐β activation.
Differential Age‐Related Effects on Visual‐ and Associative‐Based Semantic Encoding
Authors: Tan Davynn G. H. , Tsang Eric W. , Tang Kin‐chung , Chan Chetwyn C. H. , Liu Karen P. Y. , Wu Yi 
Published: April 2017

This study investigated how aging modulates semantic encoding. We used a task where participants were required to determine the semantic relatedness between the cue and target stimuli. Single‐character Chinese words were the cues, whereas two‐character words describing the cues were the targets. The targets can be visual‐based (appearance) or associative‐based (meaning). Experiment One compared the reaction times on the two types of targets between older (n = 29) and younger participants (n = 31). Older participants performed significantly slower on the visual‐ than associative‐based trials, while the younger participants showed no difference. The results suggest that aging would hinder semantic encoding of visual‐ rather than associative‐based processes. The slowness in processing is likely attributable to age‐related decline in attentional control. Experiment Two tested the aging effect on top‐down attentional control by presenting pre‐cue before each trial on older (n = 26) and younger participants (n = 49). The results indicated that valid pre‐cue reduced the latency differences between the visual‐ and associative‐based trials among the older participants. The valid pre‐cues were found to effectively shorten the reaction time of the visual‐based trials suggesting possible facilitation of attentional control among the older adults. Our findings substantiate age‐related attentional control decline only in visual‐ but not associative‐based processing. Future studies should explore the mechanisms underlying such differential age‐related effect.
High‐energy storage density and excellent temperature stability in antiferroelectric/ferroelectric bilayer thin films
Authors: Zhang Tiandong , Li Weili , Hou Yafei , Yu Yang , Song Ruixuan , Cao Wenping , Fei Weidong 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe antiferroelectric/ferroelectric (PbZrO3/PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3) bilayer thin films were fabricated on a Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate using sol‐gel method. PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 layer acts as a buffered layer and template for the crystallization of PbZrO3 layer. The PbZrO3 layer with improved quality can share the external voltage due to its smaller dielectric constant and thinner thickness, resulting in the enhancements of electric field strength and energy storage density for the PbZrO3/PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 bilayer thin film. The greatly improved electric breakdown strength value of 2615 kV/cm has been obtained, which is more than twice the value of individual PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 film. The enhanced energy storage density of 28.2 J/cm3 at 2410 kV/cm has been achieved in PbZrO3/PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 bilayer film at 20°C, which is higher than that of individual PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 film (15.6 J/cm3). Meanwhile, the energy storage density and efficiency of PbZrO3/PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 bilayer film increase slightly with the increasing temperature from 20°C to 120°C. Our results indicate that the design of antiferroelectric/ferroelectric bilayer films may be an effective way for developing high power energy storage density capacitors with high‐temperature stability.
Sintering behavior, structural phase transition, and microwave dielectric properties of La1‐xZnxTiNbO6‐x/2 ceramics
Authors: Zhang Jian , Zuo Ruzhong 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLa1‐xZnxTiNbO6‐x/2 (LZTN‐x) ceramics were prepared via a conventional solid‐state reaction route. The phase, microstructure, sintering behavior, and microwave dielectric properties have been systematically studied. The substitution of a small amount of Zn2+ for La3+ was found to effectively promote the sintering process of LTN ceramics. The corresponding sintering mechanism was believed to result from the formation of the lattice distortion and oxygen vacancies by means of comparative studies on La‐deficient LTN ceramics and 0.5 mol% ZnO added LTN ceramics (LTN+0.005ZnO). The resultant microwave dielectric properties of LTN ceramics were closely correlated with the sample density, compositions, and especially with the phase structure at room temperature which depended on the orthorhombic‐monoclinic phase transition temperature and the sintering temperature. A single orthorhombic LZTN‐0.03 ceramic sintered at 1200°C was achieved with good microwave dielectric properties of εr~63, Q×f~9600 GHz (@4.77 GHz) and τf ~105 ppm/°C. By comparison, a relatively high Q × f~80995 GHz (@7.40 GHz) together with εr~23, and τf ~−56 ppm/°C was obtained in monoclinic LTN+0.005ZnO ceramics sintered at 1350°C.
A qualitative study of community nurses’ decision‐making around the anticipatory prescribing of end‐of‐life medications
Authors: Bowers Ben , Redsell Sarah A 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to explore community nurses’ decision‐making processes around the prescribing of anticipatory medications for people who are dying.BackgroundCommunity nurses frequently initiate the prescribing of anticipatory medications to help control symptoms in those who are dying. However, little is known about their decision‐making processes in relation to when they instigate anticipatory prescribing and their discussions with families and General Practitioners.DesignA qualitative interpretive descriptive enquiry.MethodsA purposive sample of 11 Community Palliative Nurses and District Nurses working in one geographical area participated. Data were collected between March and June 2016 via audio recorded semi‐structured interviews and analysed inductively using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis.ResultsThree themes were identified: (1) Drugs as a safety net. Anticipatory medications give nurses a sense of control in last days of life symptom management; (2) Reading the situation. The nurse judges when to introduce conversations around anticipatory medications, balancing the need for discussion with the dying person and their family's likely response; (3) Playing the game. The nurse owns the decision to initiate anticipatory medication prescribing and carefully negotiates with the General Practitioner.ConclusionNurses view pain control through prescribed medication as key to symptom management for dying people. Consequently, they own the role of ascertaining when to initiate discussions with families about anticipatory medicines. Nurses believe they advocate for dying person and their families’ needs and lead negotiations with General Practitioners for medications to go into the home. This nurse led care alters the traditional boundaries of the General Practitioners‐nurse professional relationship.
In vivo validation of a novel algorithm for automatic premature ventricular contractions recognition
Authors: Kosiuk Jedrzej , Portugal Guilherme , Hilbert Sebastian , John Silke , Oliveira Mario , Hindricks Gerhard , Bollmann Andreas 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntroductionTemplate‐matching algorithms are routinely used in the catheter ablation of patients with premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). However, systematic analysis of the accuracy and spatial resolution of such systems is lacking.Therefore, the aim of this evaluation was to perform a systematic in vivo validation of performance of a novel automated template‐matching algorithm.Methods and resultsIn a porcine model, paced beats simulating PVCs from different origins were investigated. The ability to discriminate between sinus rhythm and PVCs was tested by simulating PVCs using sequential pacing from different cardiac chambers. The accuracy of the algorithm in correctly classifying PVCs was reviewed by an independent investigator. In addition, the spatial resolution of pace matching was evaluated by assessing the QRS morphology discrimination at a distance of 0, 2, 4, and 6 mm of a simulated PVCs focus. The specificity of the algorithm for recognizing simulated PVCs was 99.6% and the sensitivity was 85.3%. There was a significant difference in the discrimination metric discrimination metric (with 0% being a perfect match and 100% being no correlation) between PVC origin (median 0%, interquartile range (IQR) 0–2%) versus at 2 mm (5%, IQR 2–7%), 4 mm (16%, IQR 11–21%), and 6 mm (24%, IQR 19–28%, P < 0.001 for all). The c‐statistic for discrimination between PVC origin and a distance ≥ 2 mm was 0.93.ConclusionsAutomated template matching had high specificity and sensitivity, with good spatial discrimination and a pace‐mapping resolution in range of 2 mm. Clinical application of this algorithm may assist in the interventional treatment of patients with PVCs.