bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Testing on the Formation of Children's and Adults' False Memories
Authors: Brackmann Nathalie , Otgaar Henry , Sauerland Melanie , Howe Mark L. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryWitnesses are frequently questioned immediately following a crime. The effects of such testing on false recall are inconclusive: Testing may inoculate against subsequent misinformation or enhance false memory formation. We examined whether different types of processing can account for these discrepancies. Drawing from Fuzzy‐trace and Associative‐activation theories, immediate questions that trigger the processing of the global understanding of the event can heighten false memory rates. However, questions that trigger the processing of specific details can inoculate memories against subsequent misinformation. These effects were hypothesized to be more pronounced in children than in adults. Seven/eight‐, 11/12‐, 14/15‐year‐olds, and adults (N = 220) saw a mock‐theft film and were tested immediately with meaning or item‐specific questions. Test results on the succeeding day replicated classic misinformation and testing effects, although our processing hypothesis was not supported. Only adults who received meaning questions benefited from immediate testing and, across all ages, testing led to retrieval‐enhanced suggestibility. © 2016 The Authors. Applied Cognitive Psychology Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Das Radikalanion und Dianion von Tetraazapentacen
Authors: Ji Lei , Haehnel Martin , Krummenacher Ivo , Biegger Philipp , Geyer Florian L. , Tverskoy Olena , Schaffroth Manuel , Han Jie , Dreuw Andreas , Marder Todd B. , Bunz Uwe H. F. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDas Mono‐ und das Dianion von 6,13‐Bis((triisopropylsilyl)ethinyl)chinoxalino[2,3‐b]phenazin wurden durch Reduktion mit Kaliumanthracenid in THF synthetisiert und anschließend charakterisiert. Sowohl das Radikalanion, 1.−, als auch das Dianion, 12−, konnten isoliert sowie durch optische Methoden und Einkristallstrukturanalyse charakterisiert werden. Lösungen des Radikalanions 1.− sind mehrere Stunden lang luftstabil und wurden durch EPR‐Spektroskopie charakterisiert. Das Dianion 12− ist hochfluoreszierend und photostabil.
Towards a DNA Nanoprocessor: Reusable Tile‐Integrated DNA Circuits
Authors: Gerasimova Yulia V. , Kolpashchikov Dmitry M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractModern electronic microprocessors use semiconductor logic gates organized on a silicon chip to enable efficient inter‐gate communication. Here, arrays of communicating DNA logic gates integrated on a single DNA tile were designed and used to process nucleic acid inputs in a reusable format. Our results lay the foundation for the development of a DNA nanoprocessor, a small and biocompatible device capable of performing complex analyses of DNA and RNA inputs.
Realignment of Nanocrystal Aggregates into Single Crystals as a Result of Inherent Surface Stress
Authors: Liu Zhaoming , Pan Haihua , Zhu Genxing , Li Yaling , Tao Jinhui , Jin Biao , Tang Ruikang 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCrystallization by particle attachment is widely observed in both natural and synthetic environments. Although this form of nonclassical crystallization is generally described by oriented attachment, random aggregation of building blocks to give single‐crystal products is also observed, but the mechanism of crystallographic realignment is unknown. We herein reveal that random attachment during aggregation‐based growth initially produces a nonoriented growth front. Subsequent evolution of the orientation is driven by the inherent surface stress applied by the disordered surface layer and results in single‐crystal formation by grain‐boundary migration. This mechanism is corroborated by measurements of orientation rate versus external stress, which demonstrated a predictive relationship between the two. These findings advance our understandings about aggregation‐based growth via nanocrystal blocks and suggest an approach to material synthesis that takes advantage of stress‐induced coalignment.
Ungewöhnlich effiziente strukturdirigierte Phosphoreszenz in Silber(I)‐Clustern, realisiert mit Carba‐closo‐dodecaboranylethinyl‐Liganden
Authors: Hailmann Michael , Wolf Natalia , Renner Rebecca , Schäfer Thomas C. , Hupp Benjamin , Steffen Andreas , Finze Maik 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAusgehend von {Ag2(12‐C≡C‐closo‐1‐CB11H11)}n und ausgewählten Pyridinliganden wurden photostabile AgI‐Cluster synthetisiert, die, mit einer Ausnahme, eine für AgI‐Verbindungen ungewöhnliche Raumtemperaturphosphoreszenz zeigen. Eine besonders intensive Phosphoreszenz wurde für einen verzerrt pentagonal‐bipyramidalen AgI7‐Cluster mit einer für AgI‐Cluster präzedenzlosen Quantenausbeute von Φ=0.76 beobachtet. Das Lumineszenzverhalten korreliert mit der Struktur des zentralen AgIn‐Motivs, was anhand des Vergleichs der Emissionseigenschaften der Cluster mit unterschiedlicher Anzahl von AgI‐Ionen, unterschiedlicher Ladung und elektronisch unterschiedlichen Pyridinliganden deutlich wird.
Reagent‐Controlled α‐Selective Dehydrative Glycosylation of 2,6‐Dideoxy‐ and 2,3,6‐Trideoxy Sugars
Authors: Nogueira Jason M. , Bylsma Marissa , Bright Danielle K. , Bennett Clay S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe have found that activating either 2,3‐bis(2,3,4‐trimethoxyphenyl)cyclopropenone or 2,3‐bis(2,3,4‐trimethoxyphenyl)cyclopropene‐1‐thione with oxalyl bromide results in the formation of a species that promotes the glycosylation between 2,6‐dideoxy‐sugar hemiacetals and glycosyl acceptors in good yield and high α‐selectivity. Both reactions are mild and tolerate a number of sensitive functional groups including highly acid‐labile 2,3,6‐trideoxy‐sugar linkages.
The Radical Anion and Dianion of Tetraazapentacene
Authors: Ji Lei , Haehnel Martin , Krummenacher Ivo , Biegger Philipp , Geyer Florian L. , Tverskoy Olena , Schaffroth Manuel , Han Jie , Dreuw Andreas , Marder Todd B. , Bunz Uwe H. F. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe mono‐ and bis‐reduction of 6,13‐bis((triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl)quinoxalino[2,3‐b]phenazine (1) with potassium anthracenide in THF is reported. Both the radical anion 1.− and the dianion 12− were isolated and characterized by optical and structural (single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction) methods. Solutions of the radical anion 1.− were stable in air for several hours and characterized by EPR spectroscopy. Dianion 12− is highly fluorescent and photostable.
Regioselective Transition‐Metal‐Free Allyl–Allyl Cross‐Couplings
Authors: Ellwart Mario , Makarov Ilya S. , Achrainer Florian , Zipse Hendrik , Knochel Paul 
Published: July 2016

AbstractReadily prepared allylic zinc halides undergo SN2‐type substitutions with allylic bromides in a 1:1 mixture of THF and DMPU providing 1,5‐dienes regioselectively. The allylic zinc species reacts at the most branched end (γ‐position) of the allylic system furnishing exclusively γ,α′‐allyl–allyl cross‐coupling products. Remarkably, the double bond stereochemistry of the allylic halide is maintained during the cross‐coupling process. Also several functional groups (ester, nitrile) are tolerated. This cross‐coupling of allylic zinc reagents can be extended to propargylic and benzylic halides. DFT calculations show the importance of lithium chloride in this substitution.
Unprecedented Efficient Structure Controlled Phosphorescence of Silver(I) Clusters Stabilized by Carba‐closo‐dodecaboranylethynyl Ligands
Authors: Hailmann Michael , Wolf Natalia , Renner Rebecca , Schäfer Thomas C. , Hupp Benjamin , Steffen Andreas , Finze Maik 
Published: July 2016

Abstract{Ag2(12‐C≡C‐closo‐1‐CB11H11)}n and selected pyridine ligands have been used for the synthesis of photostable AgI clusters that, with one exception, exhibit for AgI compounds unusual room‐temperature phosphorescence. Extraordinarily intense phosphorescence was observed for a distorted pentagonal bipyramidal AgI7 cluster that shows an unprecedented quantum yield of Φ=0.76 for AgI clusters. The luminescence properties correlate with the structures of the central AgIn motifs as shown by comparison of the emission properties of the clusters with different numbers of AgI ions, different charges, and electronically different pyridine ligands.
Design and Applications of Protein‐Cage‐Based Nanomaterials
Authors: Zhang Yu , Ardejani Maziar S. , Orner Brendan P. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMaterials science is beginning to focus on biotemplation, and in support of that trend, it is realized that protein cages—proteins that assemble from multiple monomers into architectures with hollow interiors—can instill a number of unique advantages to nanomaterials. In addition, the structural and functional plasticity of many protein‐cage systems permits their engineering for specific applications. In this review, the most commonly used viral and non‐viral protein cages, which exhibit a wide diversity of size, functionality, and chemical and thermal stabilities, are described. Moreover, how they have been exploited for nanomaterial and nanotechnology applications is summarized.
Boundary Control of a Flexible Robotic Manipulator With Output Constraints
Authors: Liu Zhijie , Liu Jinkun 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this study, we consider a boundary control problem of a flexible manipulator with input disturbances and output constraints, achieving pre‐set performance attributes on position tracking error and the deflection error at the end of the beam. The dynamics of the system are represented by partial differential equations (PDEs). With the Lyapunov's direct method, a boundary controller with disturbance observer is designed to regulate the angular position and suppress elastic vibration simultaneously. The proposed control scheme allows the errors to converge to an arbitrarily small residual set, with convergence rate larger than a pre‐specified value. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Hydro‐aza‐(C59N)fullerenes: Formation Mechanism and Hydrogen Substitution
Authors: Eigler Regina , Heinemann Frank W. , Hirsch Andreas 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAzafullerenes are as yet the only synthetically available heterofullerenes. Herein, we present plausible reaction pathways towards pentaaryl azafullerenes, focusing on the reactivity of hydro‐azafullerene intermediates and their regiochemistry. The X‐ray structure of a β′‐hydro‐tetraaryl adduct is presented for the first time. The reactivity of dihydro‐azafullerene adducts is demonstrated here through H‐abstraction in mass spectrometric experiments. Moreover, hydride abstraction and subsequent hydroxylation is possible, as well as deprotonation followed by alkylation.
Smart Solution Chemistry to Sn‐Containing Intermetallic Compounds through a Self‐Disproportionation Process
Authors: Zhang Yuelan , Li Liping , Li Qi , Fan Jianming , Zheng Jing , Li Guangshe 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDeveloping new methods to synthesize intermetallics is one of the most critical issues for the discovery and application of multifunctional metal materials; however, the synthesis of Sn‐containing intermetallics is challenging. In this work, we demonstrated for the first time that a self‐disproportionation‐induced in situ process produces cavernous Sn−Cu intermetallics (Cu3Sn and Cu6Sn5). The successful synthesis is realized by introducing inorganic metal salts (SnCl2⋅2 H2O) to NaOH aqueous solution to form an intermediate product of reductant (Na2SnO2) and by employing steam pressures that enhance the reduction ability. Distinct from the traditional in situ reduction, the current reduction process avoided the uncontrolled phase composition and excessive use of organic regents. An insight into the mechanism was revealed for the Sn−Cu case. Moreover, this method could be extended to other Sn‐containing materials (Sn−Co, Sn−Ni). All these intermetallics were attempted in the catalytic effect on thermal decompositions of ammonium perchlorate. It is demonstrated that Cu3Sn showed an outstanding catalytic performance. The superior property might be primarily originated from the intrinsic chemical compositions and cavernous morphology as well. We supposed that this smart solution reduction methodology reported here would provide a new recognition for the reduction reaction, and its modified strategy may be applied to the synthesis of other metals, intermetallics as well as some unknown materials.
Dehydrogenative Coupling Reactions with Oxidized Guanidino‐Functionalized Aromatic Compounds: Novel Options for σ‐Bond Activation
Authors: Wild Ute , Federle Stefanie , Wagner Arne , Kaifer Elisabeth , Himmel Hans‐Jörg 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe present a new option for metal‐free σ‐bond activation, making use of oxidized, guanidino‐functionalized aromatic compounds (GFAs). We demonstrate this new option by the homocoupling reactions of thiols and phosphines. The kinetics and the reaction pathway were studied by a number of experiments (including heterocoupling of thiols and phosphines), supported by quantum‐chemical computations. Reaction of the oxidized GFA with p‐dihydrobenzoquinone to give p‐benzoquinone shows that typical proton‐coupled electron‐transfer reactions are also possible.
Design and Synthesis of 2,2′‐Diindolylmethanes to Selectively Target Certain G‐Quadruplex DNA Structures
Authors: Livendahl Madeleine , Jamroskovic Jan , Ivanova Svetlana , Demirel Peter , Sabouri Nasim , Chorell Erik 
Published: July 2016

AbstractG‐quadruplex (G4) structures carry vital biological functions, and compounds that selectively target certain G4 structures have both therapeutic potential and value as research tools. Along this line, 2,2′‐diindolylmethanes have been designed and synthesized in this work based on the condensation of 3,6‐ or 3,7‐disubstituted indoles with aldehydes. The developed class of compounds efficiently stabilizes G4 structures without inducing conformational changes in such structures. Furthermore, the 2,2′‐diindolylmethanes target certain G4 structures more efficiently than others and this G4 selectivity can be altered by chemical modifications of the compounds.
Divergent Reactivity of Thioalkynes in Lewis Acid Catalyzed Annulations with Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes
Authors: Racine Sophie , Hegedüs Bence , Scopelliti Rosario , Waser Jérôme 
Published: July 2016

AbstractEfficient methods for the convergent synthesis of (poly)cyclic scaffolds are urgently needed in synthetic and medicinal chemistry. Herein, we describe new annulation reactions of thioalkynes with phthalimide‐substituted donor–acceptor cyclopropanes, which gave access to highly substituted cyclopentenes and polycyclic ring systems. With silyl‐thioalkynes, the Lewis acid catalyzed [3+2] annulation reaction with donor–acceptor cyclopropanes took place to afford 1‐thio‐cyclopenten‐3‐amines. On the other hand, an unprecedented polycyclic compound was formed with alkyl‐thioalkynes through a reaction pathway directly involving the phthalimide group. The two transformations proceeded in good yields and tolerated a large variety of functional groups.
Solution Structure of Turbo‐Hauser Base TMPMgCl⋅LiCl in [D8]THF
Authors: Neufeld Roman , Stalke Dietmar 
Published: July 2016

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are D. Stalke and R. Neufeld from the University of Göttingen. The image symbolizes for the authors′ navigation to the solution structure of the turbo‐Hauser base, TMPMgCl⋅LiCl. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201601494.
Association Between Body Mass Index and Age of Presentation With Symptomatic Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Atique Syed M. , Shadbolt Bruce , Marley Paul , Farshid Ahmad 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundObesity is increasingly recognized as an important risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD).HypothesisPatients with increased body mass index (BMI) present at a younger age with symptomatic CAD.MethodsWe analyzed data on 2137 consecutive patients admitted for treatment of CAD proven on angiography from 2010 to 2013, excluding those with prior coronary intervention or bypass surgery.ResultsMean age was 64.1 ± 12.4 years; 75% were male; 43.6% were overweight (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2) and 31.6% were obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). Patients with BMI ≥25 kg/m2 compared with <25 kg/m2 were more likely to have diabetes (24.5% vs 13.6%), hypertension (56.2% vs 45.5%), and hyperlipidemia (42.4% vs 31.6%; P < 0.0001 for all). On multivariate analysis adjusted for sex and cardiovascular risk factors, patients in higher BMI categories had lower mean age in a linear and stepwise fashion compared with those with normal BMI (P < 0.0001). For example, compared with patients with normal BMI, those with BMI of 35 to 39.9 kg/m2 were on average 9.2 years younger (P < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis examining the interaction between sex and BMI produced similar results for effect of BMI on age of presentation (P = 0.97 for interaction).ConclusionsAfter multivariate adjustment, patients with increased BMI presented at an earlier age with symptomatic CAD compared with patients with normal BMI. Primary prevention efforts in those with increased BMI to reduce risk‐factor burden, including evidence‐based treatments for weight reduction, promise to reduce risk or delay onset of CAD.
Fragment Screening of RORγt Using Cocktail Crystallography: Identification of Simultaneous Binding of Multiple Fragments
Authors: Xue Yafeng , Guo Hongwei , Hillertz Per 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe retinoic‐acid‐related orphan receptor γ t (RORγt), as a master regulator of Th17 cell pathology, has become an attractive target for small‐molecule drug discovery for the treatment of Th17‐cell‐related autoimmune diseases. A crystallographic fragment screening was carried out for RORγt using the ligand binding domain. An overall hit rate of 5.5 % was obtained by screening 384 compounds in 96 cocktails. Five distinct hotspots were identified, and four regions of anchoring polar interactions were observed. In addition, significant induced fit was found for the binding of several fragments. Strikingly, a simultaneous binding of three fragments was revealed which presents interesting features including π–π stacking, multiple hydrogen bonds to the protein, and significant induced fit. Overall, the results offer a complete mapping of the ligand binding pocket and provide valuable inspiration in structure‐based design for RORγt lead generation and optimization. The crystallographic screening also resulted in fragment hits that bind at the surface away from the ligand binding pocket. This surface site is near the plausible dimer interface by analogy with other nuclear receptor systems, which can provide initial hints to explore alternative ways to modulate RORγt through protein–protein interactions.
Randomized trial finds that prostate cancer genetic risk score feedback targets prostate‐specific antigen screening among at‐risk men
Authors: Turner Aubrey R. , Lane Brian R. , Rogers Dan , Lipkus Isaac , Weaver Kathryn , Danhauer Suzanne C. , Zhang Zheng , Hsu Fang‐Chi , Noyes Sabrina L. , Adams Tamara , Toriello Helga , Monroe Thomas , McKanna Trudy , Young Tracey , Rodarmer Ryan , Kahnoski Richard J. , Tourojman Mouafak , Kader A. Karim , Zheng S. Lilly , Baer William , Xu Jianfeng 
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUNDProstate‐specific antigen (PSA) screening may reduce death due to prostate cancer but leads to the overdiagnosis of many cases of indolent cancer. Targeted use of PSA screening may reduce overdiagnosis. Multimarker genomic testing shows promise for risk assessment and could be used to target PSA screening.METHODSTo test whether counseling based on the family history (FH) and counseling based on a genetic risk score (GRS) plus FH would differentially affect subsequent PSA screening at 3 months (primary outcome), a randomized trial of FH versus GRS plus FH was conducted with 700 whites aged 40 to 49 years without prior PSA screening. Secondary outcomes included anxiety, recall, physician discussion at 3 months, and PSA screening at 3 years. Pictographs versus numeric presentations of genetic risk were also evaluated.RESULTSAt 3 months, no significant differences were observed in the rates of PSA screening between the FH arm (2.1%) and the GRS‐FH arm (4.5% with GRS‐FH vs. 2.1% with FH: χ2 = 3.13, P = .077); however, PSA screening rates at 3 months significantly increased with given risk in the GRS‐FH arm (P = .013). Similar results were observed for discussions with physicians at 3 months and PSA screening at 3 years. Average anxiety levels decreased after the individual cancer risk was provided (P = .0007), with no differences between groups. Visual presentation by pictographs did not significantly alter comprehension or anxiety.CONCLUSIONSThis is likely the first randomized trial of multimarker genomic testing to report genomic targeting of cancer screening. This study found little evidence of concern about excess anxiety or overuse/underuse of PSA screening when multimarker genetic risks were provided to patients. Cancer 2016;122:3564–3575. © 2016 American Cancer Society
National sociodemographic disparities in the treatment of high‐risk prostate cancer: Do academic cancer centers perform better than community cancer centers?
Authors: Mahal Brandon A. , Chen Yu‐Wei , Muralidhar Vinayak , Mahal Amandeep R. , Choueiri Toni K. , Hoffman Karen E. , Hu Jim C. , Sweeney Christopher J. , Yu James B. , Feng Felix Y. , Kim Simon P. , Beard Clair J. , Martin Neil E. , Trinh Quoc‐Dien , Nguyen Paul L. 
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUNDMost major cancer organizations seek to reduce sociodemographic disparities in high‐risk cancers partly by increasing access to theoretically high‐quality, academic‐oriented cancer care. The objective of this study was to determine whether academic centers have less sociodemographic treatment disparities than community centers using high‐risk prostate cancer as a test case.METHODSThe National Cancer Data Base was used to identify 138,019 patients who were diagnosed with nonmetastatic, high‐risk prostate cancer from 2004 to 2012. Multivariable logistic analysis was used to identify independent determinants of definitive therapy. The Gray test and multivariable Cox regression were used to analyze the timing of therapy. All analyses were stratified by academic versus community cancer center.RESULTSCompared with white or privately insured patients, black, Hispanic, and uninsured patients with prostate cancer were less likely to receive definitive therapy at both community centers (adjusted odds ratio: 0.60 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.56‐0.64], 0.69 [95% CI, 0.61‐0.78], and 0.25 [95% CI, 0.22‐0.30], respectively) and academic cancer centers (adjusted odds ratio: 0.50 [95% CI, 0.46‐0.54], 0.56 [95% CI, 0.50‐0.64], and 0.31 [95% CI, 0.28‐0.36], respectively). Among patients who received definitive therapy, black, Hispanic, and uninsured patients were more likely to experience treatment delays at both community centers (≥15, ≥ 10, and ≥19 days, respectively; all Gray P < .001) and academic centers (≥19, ≥ 11, and ≥18 days, respectively); treatment delays were observed among the aforementioned groups even after multivariable Cox regression analysis (P < .001 for all adjusted hazard ratios).CONCLUSIONSNationally, academic cancer centers demonstrate similarly high rates of sociodemographic disparities in cancer treatment patterns as community cancer centers. Making community centers conform to academic center standards may not necessarily reduce treatment disparities. Cancer 2016;122:3371–3377. © 2016 American Cancer Society.