bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the impact of an applied axial magnetic field on efficient current coupling on the
Z
machine
Authors: Zimmer D. , Gomez M. R. , Bennett N. , Jennings C. A. , Myers C. E. , Lamppa D. C. , Conti F. , Beg F. N. 
Published: October 2024

Magnetized liner inertial fusion (MagLIF) is an attractive concept for producing thermonuclear fusion reactions. The MagLIF platform involves the operation of Helmholtz coils to apply a 15 Tesla axial magnetic field to the load region, where a cylindrical, fuel-filled metal liner is imploded by a ∼20  MA current pulse. The fringe field from these coils extends into the transmission line that delivers the current to the target. We investigated the extent to which this applied field disturbs the nominal power flow within that transmission line. A simplified model of the geometry shows that adding the applied magnetic field results in magnetic field lines that connect the cathode to the anode, suggesting electrons may not be magnetically insulated in this region. Particle-in-cell simulations indicated the addition of the applied magnetic field would not significantly impact the current delivery to the load. Velocimetry was used to experimentally assess the current delivery with and without the applied magnetic field. We find no measurable effects of the applied field on current delivery in the configuration investigated in this study.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
I=2

ππ

s
-wave scattering length from lattice QCD
Authors: Fu Ziwen , Wang Jun 
Published: October 2024

The I=2 ππ elastic s-wave scattering phase shift is measured by lattice quantum chromodynamics with Nf=3 flavors of the Asqtad-improved staggered fermions. The lattice-calculated energy-eigenvalues of ππ systems at one center of mass frame and some moving frames using the moving wall source technique are utilized to secure phase shifts by Lüscher’s formula. Our computations are fine enough to obtain threshold parameters: scattering length a, effective range r, and shape parameter P, which can be extrapolated at the physical point by next-to-leading order in chiral perturbation theory, and our relevant next-to-next-to-leading order predictions from expanding nuclear physics with lattice quantum chromo dynamics collaboration’s works are novelly considered as the systematic uncertainties. Our outcomes are consistent with Roy equation determinations, newer experimental data, and lattice estimations. Numerical computations are performed with a coarse (a≈0.12  fm, L3T=32364), two fine (a≈0.09  fm, L3T=40396) and a superfine (a≈0.06  fm, L3T=483144) lattice ensembles at four pion masses of mπ∼247  MeV, 249 MeV, 275 MeV, and 384 MeV, respectively.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Audit report lag and the cost of equity capital
Authors: Bhuiyan Md. Borhan Uddin , Man Yimei , Lont David H. 
Published: October 2024

PurposeThis research investigates the effect of audit report lag on the cost of equity capital. We argue that an extended audit report lag reduces the value of information and raises concerns for investors, resulting in an increased cost of equity capital.Design/methodology/approachWe hypothesize that audit report lag increases the firm cost of equity capital. We conduct ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analyses to examine our hypothesis. Finally, we also perform a range of sensitivity tests to examine the hypothesis and robustness of findings.FindingsUsing a sample of the listed US firms from 2003 to 2018, we find that firms with higher audit report lag have a higher cost of equity capital. Our findings are economically significant as one standard deviation increase in audit report lag raises 3.82 basis points of cost of equity capital. Furthermore, our results remain robust to endogeneity concerns and alternative proxies for the cost of equity capital measures. Finally, we confirm that audit report lag increases the firm cost of equity capital through increasing information asymmetry and future financial restatement as a mediating channel.Originality/valueWe contribute to the theoretical discussion about the role of audit report lag and investors' perceptions. Overall, our results suggest that audit report lag affects a firm cost of equity capital.
Building cybersecurity resilience: integrating defense and recovery investment strategies in an expected resilience framework
Authors: Dong Kunxiang , Zhen Jie , Xie Zongxiao , Chen Lin 
Published: October 2024

PurposeTo remain competitive in an unpredictable environment where the complexity and frequency of cybercrime are rapidly increasing, a cyber resiliency strategy is vital for business continuity. However, one of the barriers to improving cyber resilience is that security defense and accident recovery do not combine efficaciously, as embodied by emphasizing cyber security defense strategies, leaving firms ill-prepared to respond to attacks. The present study thus develops an expected resilience framework to assess cyber resilience, analyze cyber security defense and recovery investment strategies and balance security investment allocation strategies.Design/methodology/approachBased on the expected utility theory, this paper presents an expected resilience framework, including an expected investment resilience model and an expected profit resilience model that directly addresses the optimal joint investment decisions between defense and recovery. The effects of linear and nonlinear recovery functions, risk interdependence and cyber insurance on defense and recovery investment are also analyzed.FindingsAccording to the findings, increasing the defense investment coefficient reduces defense and recovery investment while increasing the expected resilience. The nonlinear recovery function requires a smaller defense investment and overall security investment than the linear one, reflecting the former’s advantages in lowering cybersecurity costs. Moreover, risk interdependence has positive externalities for boosting defense and recovery investment, meaning that the expected profit resilience model can reduce free-riding behavior in security investments. Insurance creates moral hazard for firms by lowering defensive investment, yet after purchasing insurance, expanded coverage and cost-effectiveness incentivize firms to increase defense and recovery spending, respectively.Originality/valueThe paper is innovative in its methodology as it offers an expected cyber resilience framework for integrating defense and recovery investment and their effects on security investment allocation, which is crucial for building cybersecurity resilience but receives little attention in cybersecurity economics. It also provides theoretical advances for cyber resilience assessment and optimum investment allocation in other fields, such as cyber-physical systems, power and water infrastructure – moving from a resilience triangle metric to an expected utility theory-based method.
How tie strength and face consciousness moderate the impact of social media on impulsive travel intentions: a social-technical perspective
Authors: Li Lin , Leung Xi Yu , Yang Liyu 
Published: October 2024

Purpose
The surge of social media as a pivotal platform for individuals to access travel-related information has become increasingly significant. Drawing upon social-technical theory and weak tie theory, this study aims to delve into the antecedents and moderating variables shaping impulsive travel intentions within social media.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected from 696 Chinese social media users and travelers and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).

Findings
The findings indicate that information quality and social network interaction significantly influence spatial presence, thereby increasing users’ impulsive travel intentions. The moderating roles of tie strength and face consciousness are confirmed. For travelers with strong ties, their spatial presence is impacted more by social network interaction. Conversely, for individuals with weak ties, spatial presence is more influenced by information quality. In addition, travelers with heightened face consciousness exhibit a diminished susceptibility to the influence of spatial presence on their travel intentions compared to those with lower face consciousness.

Originality/value
The study endeavors to extend the application of the social-technical theory in the domain of tourism social media marketing by examining the interplay of technological and social attributes on impulsive travel intention. It integrates weak tie theory into the socio-technical perspective, emphasizing the importance of weak ties in the social media environment and their influence on travel behavior. In addition, this study introduces face consciousness to the mechanism, seeking to broaden the research scope and capture the nuances of specific cultural contexts. The insights contribute valuable knowledge for destinations and tourism companies to optimize social media marketing.
Competitive intelligence in tourism: charting future directions through bibliometric analysis
Authors: Aljaafreh Nisreen Abd ALrhman , De-Pablos-Heredero Carmen , Orea-Giner Alicia 
Published: October 2024

PurposeThis study explores the crucial role of competitive intelligence (CI) in the tourism sector’s strategic decision-making. CI has significantly transformed the tourism sector through new insights and sophistication in data analysis and strategic planning. The rise in tourism-related competition, due to new destinations, varied tourist preferences and sustainability emphasis, makes competitive intelligence essential for understanding future market trends and making informed strategic choices.Design/methodology/approachUtilising PRISMA techniques for bibliometric analysis, the study examines literature from 1998 to 2023 (WoS), focusing on service innovation, customer experience management and sustainable strategies. It presents an analysis of the evolution of CI in tourism, its impact, influential works and future research directions.FindingsFindings show that the multidisciplinary nature of CI in tourism is further evidenced by studies on quality cues, travellers’ information needs and the utilisation of big data. Future studies need to understand both global trends and regional specifics, as shown in investigations of spatial-temporal tourism dynamics.Originality/valueThis study represents a novel contribution to the field of tourism research by offering a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of CI literature from 1998 to 2023. It uniquely integrates service innovation, customer experience management and sustainable strategies within the context of CI, highlighting its multidisciplinary impacts and evolution. These insights collectively emphasise the need for future innovation and a comprehensive understanding of the global-local nexus to inform future tourism research and practice.
Lactobacillus rhamnosusGG and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactisBB‐12 promote infected wound healing via regulation of the wound microenvironment
Authors: Yin Zhe , Wang Yilin , Feng Xiaojuan , Liu Changqing , Guan Xiaoyang , Liu Shuyan , Long Zhanyi , Miao Zhonghua , He Fang , Cheng Ruyue , Han Yanting , Li Ka 
Published: October 2024

AbstractInfected wounds can result in complex clinical complications and delayed healing, presenting a significant global public health challenge. This study explored the effects of topical application of two probiotics, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB‐12, on the microenvironment of infected wounds and their impact on wound healing. LGG and BB‐12 were applied separately and topically on the Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)‐infected skin wounds of the rat model on a daily basis. Both probiotics significantly accelerated wound healing, demonstrated by enhanced granulation tissue formation and increased collagen deposition, with BB‐12 showing superior efficacy. LGG and BB‐12 both effectively inhibited neutrophil infiltration and decreased the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6). Notably, BB‐12 markedly reduced IL‐6 levels, while LGG significantly lowered TNF‐α, transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Additionally, both probiotics promoted macrophage polarization towards the anti‐inflammatory M2 phenotype. Microbiota analysis revealed that LGG and BB‐12 significantly decreased the abundance of pathogenic bacteria (e.g. Staphylococcus and Proteus) and increased the proportion of beneficial bacteria (e.g. Corynebacterium). Particularly, BB‐12 was more effective in reducing Staphylococcus abundance, whereas LGG excelled in promoting Corynebacterium growth. These findings suggest the ability of LGG and BB‐12 to modulate the wound microenvironment, enhance wound healing and provide valuable insights for the management of infected wounds.
Mass cytometry identifies imbalance of multiple immune‐cell subsets associated with biologics treatment in ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Lin Li , Luo Jing , Cai Yue , Wu Xin , Zhou Ling , Li Ting , Wang Xiaobing , Xu Huji 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to comprehensively investigate immune‐cell landscapes in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients and explore longitudinal immunophenotyping changes induced by biological agents.MethodsWe employed mass cytometry with 35 cellular markers to analyze blood samples from 34 AS patients and 13 healthy controls (HC). Eleven AS patients were re‐evaluated 1 month (4 patients) and 3 months (7 patients) after treatment with biological agents. Flow Self‐Organizing Maps (FlowSOM) clustering was performed to identify specific cellular metaclusters. We compared cellular abundances across distinct subgroups and validated subset differences using gating strategies in flow cytometry scatter plots, visualized with FlowJo software. The proportions of differential subsets were then used for intercellular and clinical correlation analysis, as well as for constructing diagnostic models based on the random forest algorithm.ResultsIn AS patients, we identified and validated nine different immune‐cell subsets compared to HC. Three subsets increased: helper T‐cell 17 (Th17), mucosa‐associated invariant T‐cell (MAIT), and classical monocytes (CM). Six subsets decreased: effector memory T‐cell (TEM), naïve B cells, transitional B cells, IL10+ memory B cells, non‐classical monocytes (NCM), and neutrophils. Treatments with biological agents could rectify cellular abnormalities, particularly the imbalance of CM/NCM. Furthermore, these subsets may serve as biomarkers for assessing disease activity and constructing effective diagnostic models for AS.ConclusionThese findings provide novel insights into the specific patterns of immune cell in AS, facilitating the further development of novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for AS patients.
Possibility of early pregnancy detection in alpacas (Vicugna pacos) based on fecal steroid hormone concentrations
Authors: Egi Toru , Hanada Masaaki , Tokura Yuji , Flores Alejandro Bonifacio , Acosta Tomás J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEarly pregnancy detection in alpacas, whose breeding season is limited to the rainy season and has a long gestation period, is important for reproductive management. Conventional detection methods such as ultrasonography cannot be used to detect pregnancy before 30 days after mating. In this study, we examined the feasibility of using fecal steroid hormones as an early detection method in pregnant and non‐pregnant alpacas. Fecal and blood samples were collected from pregnant and non‐pregnant alpacas after mating. Progesterone (P4) and estradiol 17‐β were extracted and quantified from blood and fecal samples. A positive correlation exists between the steroid hormones in serum and feces, indicating that serum steroid hormone concentrations can be estimated from fecal steroid hormones. Within 10 days after mating, both pregnant and non‐pregnant alpacas had fecal P4 concentrations greater than 1.0 ng/mg dry matter (DM), but by 15 days after mating, fecal P4 concentrations decreased to the pre‐mating concentration in non‐pregnant alpacas. From 15 days after mating, non‐pregnant alpacas had a low fecal P4 concentration (< 1 ng/mg DM), whereas a high fecal P4 concentration indicated the possibility of pregnancy, suggesting that this test is clinically beneficial as a supportive test for pregnancy detection.
Drug‐induced liver injury associated with pretomanid, bedaquiline, and linezolid: Insights from FAERS database analysis
Authors: He Qingfeng , Li Yang , Liu Sifan , Xue Hao , Xiang Xiaoqiang , Wang Tao , Feng Zhen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimsThe emergence of drug‐resistant tuberculosis has necessitated novel treatments like the pretomanid, bedaquiline and linezolid (BPaL) regimen. This study investigated the association of drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) with the BPaL regimen compared to first‐line antituberculosis drugs (isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol [HRZE]).MethodsA retrospective pharmacovigilance analysis was conducted using data from the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System database from July 2019 to June 2023. Disproportionality analysis was employed to calculate the reporting odds ratio (ROR) of DILI for each component of the BPaL regimen. Onset time and mortality rates of DILI across different regimens were also compared.ResultsWe identified 1242 cases of BPaL‐related DILI. Most cases occurred in individuals under 65 years of age (63.8%), with more male patients affected than females (51.4% vs 39.5%). The association between antituberculosis drugs and DILI was stronger for the HRZE regimen (ROR = 7.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.74‐8.25) than the BPaL regimen (ROR = 4.75, 95% CI 4.55‐4.97). The median onset time for DILI was significantly shorter with the BPaL regimen (8 days, interquartile range [IQR] 3‐28) compared to the HRZE regimen (20 days, IQR 6‐48) (P < .001). Additionally, the BPaL regimen was associated with a higher risk of death due to DILI compared to the HRZE regimen (14.1% vs 10.4%, P = .003).ConclusionsAlthough the BPaL regimen had a lower overall risk of DILI compared to the HRZE regimen, it was significantly associated with DILI, indicating a need for careful monitoring during treatment.
Collective bargaining about corporate social responsibility
Authors: Goerke Laszlo , Paulus Nora 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIf a profit‐maximizing firm credibly commits to an employment‐enhancing corporate social responsibility objective in negotiations with a trade union, the union can reduce its wage demands. Lower wages, ceteris paribus, raise profits, while the increase in employment enhances the payoff of a wage‐setting trade union. Therefore, both the firm and the trade union can be better off in the presence of a collectively bargained corporate social responsibility objective than in its absence. Accordingly, establishing a corporate social responsibility objective can give rise to a Pareto improvement and mitigate the inefficiency resulting from collective wage negotiations.
Identification of a Plasma Exosomal lncRNA‐ and circRNA‐Based ceRNA Regulatory Network in Patients With Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhu Wangyu , Zhang Huafeng , Tang Liwei , Fang Kexin , Lin Nawa , Huang Yanyan , Zhang Yongkui , Le Hanbo 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundExosomes have been established to be enriched with various long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) that exert various biological effects. However, the lncRNA‐ and circRNA‐mediated coexpression competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network in exosomes derived from the plasma of patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains elusive.Methods and ResultsThis study enrolled nine patients with lung adenocarcinoma and three healthy individuals, and the differential expression of messenger RNAs (mRNAs), lncRNAs, and circRNAs was detected using microarray analysis, while microRNAs (miRNAs) were detected through RNA sequencing. Additionally, bioinformatics algorithms were applied to evaluate the lncRNA–miRNA–mRNAs/circRNA–miRNA–mRNA network. Differentially expressed cicRNAs were identified via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). A total of 1016 lncRNAs, 1396 circRNAs, 45 miRNAs, and 699 mRNAs were differentially expressed in the plasma exosomes of patients with LUAD compared with healthy controls. Among them, 881 lncRNAs were upregulated and 135 were downregulated, 916 circRNAs were upregulated while 480 were downregulated, 45 miRNAs were upregulated while none were downregulated, and 591 mRNAs were upregulated while 108 were downregulated (p ≤ 0.05, and fold change ≥ 2). Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed the biological functions of differentially expressed RNAs. Meanwhile, the RNA networks displayed the regulatory relationship between dysregulated RNAs. Finally, RT‐qPCR validated that the expression of circ‐0033861, circ‐0043273, and circ‐0011959 was upregulated in the plasma exosome of patients with LUAD compared to healthy controls (p = 0.0327, p = 0.0002, p = 0.0437, respectively).ConclusionThis study proposed a newly discovered ncRNA–miRNA–mRNA/circRNA–miRNA–mRNA ceRNA network and identified that the expression of circulating circ‐0033861, circ‐0043273, and circ‐0011959 was up‐regulated in the plasma exosomes of patients with LUAD, offering valuable insights for exploring the potential function of exosomal noncoding RNA and identifying potential biomarkers for LUAD.
Clinical Examples of the Additive Value of Absolute Quantification of Cell‐Free DNA After Heart Transplantation
Authors: Böhmer Jens , Wåhlander Håkan , Karason Kristjan , Sunnegårdh Jan , Wasslavik Carina , Jonsson Marianne , Asp Julia , Ricksten Anne , Dellgren Göran 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveCell‐free DNA (cfDNA) is used as a biomarker after transplantation to detect graft injury, relying on the donor fraction (DF). We have established a PCR‐based approach allowing us to separately quantify absolute values of dd‐cfDNA and recipient‐derived cfDNA (rd‐cfDNA). We aimed to present typical clinical scenarios after heart transplantation (HTx) to illustrate the advantages of absolute cfDNA values over DF.MethodsWe used the cfDNA results of our cohort (509 samples of 52 patients followed during the first year after HTx) as background and determined the trajectories of cfDNA in specific clinical situations. We profiled an uncomplicated clinical course, viral and bacterial infections, acute and chronic rejection, and false‐negative and false‐positive rejections in six patients (five adults, one child).ResultsThere was a substantial discrepancy between relative (DF) and absolute cfDNA‐levels in several clinical situations. Rd‐ and dd‐cfDNA were independently elevated during episodes of rejection and infection and were better suited to depict treatment response than DF alone.ConclusionsAbsolute quantification of cfDNA may offer clinically relevant information additive to DF in various situations after HTx and could be helpful for more accurate monitoring of diagnosis and treatment of rejection.