bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Recovery of Valuable Materials from Spent Lithium‐Ion Secondary Batteries Using Organic Acids as Leaching and Precipitating Agents
Authors: Bae Su Ho , Ryoo Keon Sang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this study, the cathode active material was first separated from the aluminum foil through a heat treatment at 500 °C. The separated cathode active material was calcined at a temperature of 1000 °C to remove completely carbon particles generated from the organic adhesive during heat treatment. Then, Co, Mn, and Ni were recovered from the cathode active material using lactic acid and oxalic acid as leaching and precipitating reagents. The lactic acid showed almost similar metal leaching effects from cathode active material compared to sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid. The optimal metal leaching efficiency by lactic acid was obtained when 30 g of the cathode active material was added to the 2 N lactic acid solution. At these conditions, the leaching efficiencies of Li, Mn, Co, and Ni were 90.4%, 89.2%, 92.2%, and 91.8%, respectively. Subsequently, when 5 g of oxalic acid was added to the lactic leachate of 2 N, a phenomenon in which all metals were precipitated was observed. Based on this result, the optimal condition for precipitating the leached metals using oxalic acid was oxalic acid/cathode active material = 1:7 (w/w %). Through XRD and EDX analysis, the precipitate was identified as a polynuclear crystalline material (NiCoMnC2O4·2H2O) in which the three components of Mn, Co, and Ni oxalates were mixed with approximately 7:4:10 in integer ratio of weight. The produced precipitate can be recycled as a raw material of cathode active material through simple heat treatment.
Ultrathin‐N2C‐Deficient Carbon Nitride for Stabilized Enhancement of Electrochemiluminescence
Authors: Zhao Chulei , Ma Chaoyun , Jia Shaorui , Wang Min , Jiang Mingzhe , Ma Junhong , Yu Hui , Hong Chenglin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the realm of electrochemiluminescence (ECL), the issue of weak signal intensity and instability linked with pure graphitic carbon nitride (CN) is widely recognized. This study suggests a method to produce nitrogen‐deficient (N2C) porous ultrathin CN (UACN) using ammonium acetate and ultrasonication. The ultrathin porous nature of UACN provides numerous N2C defects as catalytic sites, aiding in the decomposition of K2S2O8, a conclusion supported by density functional theory (DFT). Importantly, N2C defects serve as electron traps, assisting in electron localization and enhancing the recombination of electron‐hole pairs, thereby achieving stable and intensified luminescence from UACN. In practical use, UACN, acting as an ECL emitter, is utilized in detecting the tumor marker carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), effectively establishing a highly sensitive immunosensing platform. This study elucidates the correlation between UACN structure and ECL performance, offering crucial insights for comprehending ECL mechanisms and designing high‐performance ECL materials.
Ranking guidance actions to support engineers in fulfilling process constraints
Authors: Bilal Anmol , Mayr‐Dorn Christoph , Egyed Alexander 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn safety‐critical systems engineering, regulations such as Automotive SPICE, ISO26262, or ED‐109A mandate software quality assurance measures to provide evidence that the developed system is high quality. The constraints that define quality assurance conditions during the engineering life cycle are often non‐trivial. This paper addresses the challenges, engineers face who are unfamiliar with the precise constraints of various projects (e.g., when newly joining a company or switching between departments). Understanding how to fulfill a constraint is a time‐consuming and challenging task as an engineer needs to determine the most suitable option (out of potentially many) to fulfill a constraint violation. To this end, we propose a guidance action ranking framework to provide engineers with the most relevant guidance actions. Our primary ranking algorithm analyzes in the background the actions that engineers have made in the past to resolve a constraint violation without requiring explicit feedback from them. We evaluated our framework on two real‐world data sets: an open‐source drone management and an industrial air traffic control software system. Concretely, we replay past engineering activities and measured whether, in the case of a constraint violation, our suggested guidance actions were indeed selected by the engineer. The evaluation results revealed that learning from prior guidance actions effectively identifies the most appropriate guidance actions (ranked top 1 or 2) when compared to ranking algorithms based on action simplicity and artifact property change frequency. Specifically, we achieve a median MRR of 0.95 for the first case study and 0.94 for the second case study: an improvement of 80% and 100% over the baseline. Additionally, we observed that the simplicity of a guidance action does not reliably indicate its suitability for fulfilling a constraint, whereas learning from prior change operation property out‐performed simplicity‐based ranking but did not surpass guidance frequency‐based ranking.
Polymerizable Nonionic Perfluorinated Photoacid Generators for High‐Resolution Lithography
Authors: Liu Yue , Wang Dong , Wang Qianqian , Kang Wenbing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAdvanced photoresists must satisfy stringent sensitivity requirements while maintaining the ability to print ever‐shrinking critical dimensions. However, the unavoidable acid diffusion associated with chemically amplified photoresists has led to a trade‐off between resolution, line‐edge roughness, and sensitivity, which presents a significant challenge for high‐resolution lithography. To address this issue, a novel class of alkene‐functionalized nonionic perfluorinated photoacid generators (PAGs) is developed. These fluorine‐rich compounds significantly enhance the photochemical reactivity due to the introduction of abundant F‐elements, thereby improving sensitivity. Upon irradiation by ultraviolet light or electrons, they generate long‐chain perfluorinated sulfonic acids with large sizes and minimal diffusion ranges, effectively suppressing acid diffusion. Furthermore, by employing these polymerizable PAG monomers, PAG‐bound polymers are synthesized that are likely to achieve higher resolution by minimizing acid diffusion. Lithography performance demonstrated patterning of sub‐45 nm lines at an electron beam dose of 29 µC cm−2. Overall, the developed perfluorinated PAGs and PAG‐bound polymer photoresists are promising candidates for achieving high‐sensitivity and high‐resolution nano‐patterning.
Post fire behavior of square and rectangular concrete filled steel tubes with granulated blast furnace slag fine aggregate concrete
Authors: Patra Rakesh Kumar , Gupta Pramod Kumar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe present study investigated the behavior of concrete‐filled steel tubes (CFST) and concrete‐filled double‐skin steel tubes (CFDST) of square and rectangular shapes after exposure to elevated temperatures. The infill concrete was prepared with granulated blast furnace slag (GBS) as fine aggregate, and no natural fine aggregate was used. A total of 20 CFST and CFDST specimens of both square and rectangular shapes were prepared. The specimens were heated at 200, 400, 600, and 800°C temperatures for 2 h and allowed to cool inside the furnace after heating. Axial load was applied to the specimens to check their behavior after exposure to fire. The reduction in the load‐carrying capacity was insignificant for the specimens heated at 200, 400, and 600°C for both square and rectangular CFST and CFDST conditions. The decrease in load‐carrying capacity was slightly higher in the case of CFDST specimens compared to CFST specimens. A three‐dimensional finite element model using ABAQUS software was proposed for predicting the behavior of the tested specimens. The proposed model could predict the behavior of both unheated and heated specimens with acceptable accuracy.
MRI diagnosis of meningioma with marked skeletal hyperostosis and parenchymal infiltration in a 6‐year‐old standard poodle
Authors: Humke Rachael , Troxel Mark , Brisson Jennifer , Donovan Taryn 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA 6‐year‐old, neutered, male standard poodle was presented for evaluation of behaviour change. Neurological examination was consistent with a prosencephalic lesion. A magnetic resonance imaging study of the brain revealed a large non‐uniformly enhancing, extraparenchymal mass (9.2 × 8.7 × 5.0 cm) compressing the underlying brain parenchyma with heterogeneous T2‐weighted, T2‐fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery and T1‐weighted intensities. A meningioma with severe secondary hyperostosis and parenchymal invasion was identified on postmortem histological evaluation. To the authors’ knowledge, the presence of marked hyperostosis and calvarial infiltration to this degree, as well as the magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of these changes, have not previously been described in canine meningioma.
Bedside intubation of a child with a difficult airway—The otolaryngologist perspective
Authors: Hazkani Inbal , Rowland Matthew J. , Serino Maeve A. , Young Ashley , Valika Taher , Ghadersohi Saied , Ida Jonathan B. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesChildren with a difficult airway are prone to severe complications in unplanned intubation events. The otolaryngologist is often required to secure the airway using advanced techniques once the traditional methods have failed to establish safe tracheal intubation. The goal of our study was to describe the otolaryngologist's experience in the management of bedside difficult pediatric airway events.MethodsA case series with chart review of children intubated by the difficult airway response (RaDAR) team in an academic tertiary‐care children's hospital. The electronic medical charts of patients intubated by the RaDAR team between Jan 2020 and Dec 2021 were reviewed. The steps taken to recognize and signal patients with a difficult airway are described.ResultsOf the 78 airway code events managed by the RaDAR team, 28 (37.2%) were intubated by an otolaryngologist. Of these, 20 (71.4%) were recognized and signaled as a “difficult airway” before emergent intubation. The methods to secure the airway were direct laryngoscopy (n = 7), flexible bronchoscopy with/without a laryngeal mask (n = 10), rigid bronchoscopy (n = 8), and video laryngoscopy (n = 1). On average, there were 1.93 attempts to secure the airway following RaDAR activation. The airway was secured by an otolaryngology trainee in 24/28 patients. None of the patients required bedside tracheostomy.ConclusionsOtolaryngologists have unique skills and instruments that may assist with the management of a child with a difficult airway. Close collaboration with anesthesia colleagues, proper training, and proactive recognition and signaling of patients at risk for difficult airway are key factors for safe airway securement.
From Homo academicus activistarum to Homo academicus imaginatus
Authors: Lundgren Mikael , Blom Martin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMany scholars are struggling to find their way in a reality characterised by a growing sense of urgency to solve pressing social problems and a diminishing faith in traditional institutions, such as universities, spreading through society. Some scholars respond by turning towards activism, which manifests in overtly ideological teaching, increasingly radical critical research agendas, and even public actions in the name of science. Others may feel attracted to enter into academia, perhaps as PhD students, primarily in search of a platform to advance deepfelt issues. In this chapter, we problematise the self-proclaimed role and practice of Homo academicus activistarum—i.e., the academic activist—within the scholarly fields of management and organisation. However, our suggested alternative is not the idealistic Homo academicus, devoted to knowledge but detached from managerial and organisational practice. Instead, we propose the role of Homo academicusimaginatus, or the imaginative scholar, who explores, illustrates, and communicates productive and thought-provoking alternatives to current states of affairs and practices. In the chapter, we outline how the imaginative scholar can engage in “imaginative performativity” as an approach to both teaching and research, promoting reflexivity and alternative thinking while simultaneously avoiding the pitfalls and perils of academic activism.
Homo Academicus as Becoming Nomad: Reflections Through a Journey of Pregnancy and Motherhood
Authors: Babri Maira 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis chapter builds on personal experiences and reflections of a transition from a static scholarly position toward a freer, self-acceptingly different, academic positionality of the Nomad. I share how my experiences during pregnancy and early motherhood catalyzed a transition in my academic identity. Exploring my journey as a reflection over my past and my becoming self, I start from a positionality as embedded but on the margins of the dominant and rational ideal academic, accepting a marginalized space for myself as a woman academic. Drawing inspiration from Braidotti’s Nomadic Subject and Nomadic Ethics, I work through awkward encounters which occurred because I so blatantly no longer fit the mold. Through reflection of these encounters between the dominant logic and that which did not fit, I share the story of how I construct an identity as Academic Nomad, both rooted and on the move, and in becoming.
The Future of Crop Improvement in Sweetpotato: Merging Traditional and Genomic-Assisted Breeding Methods
Authors: Oloka Bonny Michael , da Silva Carla Cristina , Azevedo Camila Ferreira , Unzimai Innocent Vulou , Yada Benard , Grüneberg Wolfgang , Andrade Maria , Pecota Kenneth V. , da Silva Pereira Guilherme , Yencho G. Craig 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCrop improvement in sweetpotato has progressed slowly in many parts of the world largely due to its significant genetic complexity arising from its large autohexaploid genome, high heterozygosity, and self and cross-incompatibilities. New breeding tools have been developed to better understand this crop and its important agronomic and culinary traits. These tools and their application are reviewed here, and the path forward has been proposed. By incorporating these new genomic tools into breeding programs routinely alongside the traditional methods, crop improvement can be accelerated, leading to the delivery of clones with better genetics to farmers more quickly. This integration of genomics could propel sweetpotato into a new era, ultimately enhancing its productivity and profitability, which is crucial given the growing global population.
Astrogation and Milestones
Authors: Isaakyan Irina 
Published: September 2024

Abstract‘I cannot live without opera: I always wanted to be an opera star, like Maria Callas or Anna Netrebko, to sing in best theaters and to live in different countries’. This is the de jour statement that I have heard from all my informants. All of them admit longing since childhood to become a global opera star, thus creating the narrative aura of mysticism and magic around their (pre)adolescent ‘elite career desire’. Such statements as ‘I knew I was destined to be an international opera star’ and ‘I always had a gut feeling it was my destiny to sing on best world opera stages’ provoke me to explore how trajectories of their elite migrant networking interact with the flow of their ‘starry’ artistic careers.
To the Memory of a Star
Authors: Isaakyan Irina 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOn 22 November 2017, the world of opera was shell-shocked by the death of the supergiant star Dmitry Hvorostovsky, a famous Russian baritone who died of cancer. His death was not a surprise because he had been terminally ill for a long time. However, the fact of his ‘sudden non-being’ in the world of opera appeared as a shock to all who loved it. My informants were no exception. Most of them had been lucky to attend his performances in Europe and to hear his unrivalled charming voice. ‘It feels like he is still here, still alive’, noted Zosya, ‘I think artists like him never die. They continue to shine even post mortem. Their glory is immortal. Will I ever reach this kind of fame and eternity?’ I did not respond to this question, which I guess was rhetorical—or maybe not. Maybe Zosya truly wanted to hear what a sociologist might think about her career potential. I softly switched the topic because I did not want to disappoint her. To be honest, I did not believe in her futuristic starry career, although miracles can, of course, happen. The reason I am so skeptical about Zosya’s future is that she and her idol Hvorostovsky are the two extra-polar types of global elite migrant.
Considering the Cross-Boundary Environmental and Social Implications of the EU’s Carbon Dioxide Removal Strategy in Brazil
Authors: Portugal-Pereira Joana , Soterroni Aline Cristina , Mazzone Antonella , Pedersen Jiesper Strandsbjerg Tristan 
Published: September 2024

Policy HighlightsTo achieve the recommendation stated in the title, we propose the following:

The European Commission should implement stricter regulations for domestic emission reduction and leverage EU Regulation on monitoring, verification, and reporting (MVR) of GHG emissions.

The European Council should increase the budget for sustainable and regenerative agriculture and restorative forestry initiatives that enhance land-carbon sequestration.

The European Council should revise the Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) on novel CDR strategies and allocate funding to capacity building, and technology transfer to the Global South.

The European Parliament should revisit the Renewable Energy Directive (RED) to establish safeguards and monitoring mechanisms to prevent negative impacts of BECCS projects in the Global South.

Interdisciplinary collaborations for CDR strategies and governance should ensure they are not only technically viable but also socially acceptable, ethically sound, and culturally appropriate.
Reforming Carbon Accounting Mechanisms Around Justice-Based Principles to Promote Societal Sustainability
Authors: Seeland Camilla , Reilly Piers , Perissi Ilaria , Andreucci Diego , Samsó Roger , Solé Jordi 
Published: September 2024

Policy HighlightsTo achieve the recommendation stated in the title, we propose the following:

Societal benefit must replace the current economic-based rationale as the grounds for justifying proactive, targeted, and equitable carbon-reducing interventions in industry sectors.

The policy priorities of the EU Commission and EU Parliamentary Committees must transition away from a focus on GDP expansion, and move towards the promotion of societal sustainability within the EU.

To design policies driven by societal sustainability principles, the opportunity to develop a strong evidence base must be available.

The carbon budget should be equitably divided among industry sectors based on outputs from the developed index.

The inclusion of mixed data, qualitative and quantitative, should be considered across all policy areas to provide richer evidence bases and ensure robust policymaking.
Identification of Tiny Surface Cracks in a Rugged Weld by Signal Gradient Algorithm Using the ACFM Technique
Authors: Li Wei , Yuan Xin’an , Zhao Jianming , Yin Xiaokang , Li Xiao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIt is still a big challenge to identify tiny surface cracks in a rugged weld due to the lift-off variations using the nondestructive testing (NDT) method. In this paper, the signal gradient algorithm is presented to identify the tiny surface crack in the rugged weld using the alternating current field measurement (ACFM) technique. The ACFM simulation model and testing system was set up to obtain the insensitive signal to the lift-off variations. The signal gradient algorithm was presented to process the insensitive signal for the identification of the tiny surface crack in the rugged weld. The results show that the Bz signal is the insensitive signal to lift-off variations caused by the rugged weld. The signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the crack identification signal was greatly improved by the signal gradient algorithm, and a tiny surface crack can be identified effectively in the weld and the heat affected zone (HAZ).
Design and Experimental Study of Inner Uniform Electromagnetic Probe in Stainless Steel Pipe
Authors: Li Wei , Yuan Xin’an , Zhao Jianming , Yin Xiaokang , Li Xiao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAiming at the deficiencies of the traditional uniform electromagnetic detection probes which is not suitable for the stainless pipe inner detection, a Helmholtz coil-type inner detection probe for stainless steel pipe and its experimental system are proposed and built. Through the finite element software Comsol, the finite element model of the uniform electromagnetic in the axial crack in stainless steel pipe inner detection is established, the distribution and variation law of the electromagnetic field in the pipe are explored, the characteristic signals Bx and Bz are selected, and the influence of the length and depth of the crack on the characteristic signal is analyzed. Based on the results of simulation and the characteristics of the inner detection in the pipe, the Hemholtz coil-type pipe detection probe is designed and a stainless steel pipe inner detection experimental system is built. The experimental results show that the detection system can realize the full circumferential scan of the axial crack on the inner surface of the stainless steel pipe.
Effect of underwater friction stir welding parameters on AA5754 alloy joints: experimental studies
Authors: Janeczek Anna , Tomków Jacek , Derazkola Hamed Aghajani , Łyczkowska Katarzyna , Fydrych Dariusz 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe water as a welding environment may generate serious technological and metallurgical problems but in certain cases, the physicochemical properties of water can be used effectively, e.g., to impart the specific properties of welded materials. The purpose of the work was verification of effectiveness of the water cooling of aluminium alloy AA5754 for various sets of technological parameters of underwater friction stir welding (UFSW). For the joints performed with the range of parameters of rotational speed: 475–925 rpm and welding speed: 47.5–95 mm/min, the following examinations were carried out: visual tests, radiographic tests, static tensile test, fractography (SEM, scanning electron microscope) analysis, and surface texture analysis performed with 3D measurement system. All of the joints were characterized with some amount of flash. Besides, depending on the values of selected parameters, the defects arising from inadequate stirring were found—tunnel defects and melting. The best appearance of the joint was obtained for the set of parameters of 925 rpm and 47.5 mm/min. The samples of the same joint were found to be of the highest mechanical properties—ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 194 MPa and elongation (A) of 9.2%. The results were confirmed by the fractography analysis, which in this case indicated the ductile fracture mode. Dynamic plastic behaviour strongly depends on the process parameter values, which was reflected in the results of surface texture analysis. The parameter selection resulted in significant changes in the roughness results (from 8 to 14.2 µm depending on the sample) as well as the flow ring distance of the weld (from 20 to 50 µm depending on the sample).