bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Thickness of the Adhesive Layer Increases the Misdiagnosing of the Radiolucent Zones and Restoration Replacement Indication
Authors: Fröhlich Tatiana Tambara , Nicoloso Gabriel Ferreira , Lenzi Tathiane Larissa , Soares Fabio Zovico Maxnuck , De Oliveira Rocha Rachel 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of the thickness of the adhesive layer and demineralized dentin on the decision to replace composite restoration.Materials and MethodsEighty human third molars with occlusal preparations (Class I) were randomly assigned to eight groups (n = 10): adhesive system (Clearfil SE Bond [CSE] or Scotchbond Universal Adhesive [SBU]); the number of adhesive layers (one or two); and substrate (sound or demineralized dentin). A blinded examiner evaluated radiographs of each restored tooth. Obtained scores for the presence or absence of radiolucent zone under restoration were submitted to a relative risk (RR) calculus and Z‐test, and the scores for the decision to replace restorations were submitted to Fisher's exact test (p < 0.05).ResultsThe relative risk of identifying a radiolucent zone under restoration in sound and demineralized dentin were, respectively, 2 and 1.85 times higher when two layers of adhesive were applied. Demineralized dentin did not increase the probability of identifying a radiolucent zone. A higher relative (1.6, p = 0.01) was observed when two layers of SBU were applied. The number of layers did not influence the relative risk for CSE (RR = 1.3, p = 0.13).ConclusionThicker layers of SBU increase the relative risk of identifying a radiolucent layer under restoration and the decision to replace a/composite restoration, irrespective of the substrate. The presence of demineralized dentin did not increase the probability of identifying a radiolucent zone when compared to sound dentin.Clinical SignificanceThe results of this in vitro study suggest that thicker layers of a particular adhesive under resin composite restorations can negatively influence the decision to replace them. (J Esthet Restor Dent 29:193–200, 2017)
Morphology and Phylogeny of the Soil Ciliate Metopus yantaiensis n. sp. (Ciliophora, Metopida), with Identification of the Intracellular Bacteria
Authors: Omar Atef , Zhang Qianqian , Zou Songbao , Gong Jun 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe morphology and infraciliature of a new ciliate, Metopus yantaiensis n. sp., discovered in coastal soil of northern China, were investigated. It is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following features: nuclear apparatus situated in the preoral dome; 18–21 somatic ciliary rows, of which three extend onto the preoral dome (dome kineties); three to five distinctly elongated caudal cilia, and 21–29 adoral polykinetids. The 18S rRNA genes of this new species and two congeners, Metopus contortus and Metopus hasei, were sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. The new species is more closely related to M. hasei and the clevelandellids than to other congeners; both the genus Metopus and the order Metopida are not monophyletic. In addition, the digestion‐resistant bacteria in the cytoplasm of M. yantaiensis were identified, using a 16S rRNA gene clone library, sequencing, and fluorescence in situ hybridization. The detected intracellular bacteria are affiliated with Sphingomonadales, Rhizobiales, Rickettsiales (Alphaproteobacteria), Pseudomonas (Gammaproteobacteria), Rhodocyclales (Betaproteobacteria), Clostridiales (Firmicutes), and Flavobacteriales (Bacteroidetes).
Early Functional Limitations in Cognitively Normal Older Adults Predict Diagnostic Conversion to Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Farias Sarah Tomaszewski , Lau Karen , Harvey Danielle , Denny Katherine G. , Barba Cheyanne , Mefford Anthony N. 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesTo examine whether specific types of early functional limitations in cognitively normal older adults are associated with subsequent development of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), as well as the relative predictive value of self versus informant report in predicting diagnostic conversion to MCI.DesignAs a part of a longitudinal study design, participants underwent baseline and annual multidisciplinary clinical evaluations, including a physical and neurological examination, imaging, laboratory work, and neuropsychological testing.SettingData used in this study were collected as part of longitudinal research at the University of California, Davis Alzheimer's Disease Center.ParticipantsIndividuals diagnosed as having normal cognition at study baseline who had an informant who could complete informant‐based ratings and at least one follow‐up visit (N = 324).MeasurementsParticipants and informants each completed the Everyday Cognition Scale (ECog), an instrument designed to measure everyday function in six cognitively relevant domains.ResultsSelf‐ and informant‐reported functional limitations on the ECog were associated with significantly greater risk of diagnostic conversion to MCI (informant: hazard ratio (HR) = 2.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.3–3.2, P = .002), with self‐report having a slightly higher hazard (HR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.4–3.6, P < .001). When controlling for baseline cognitive abilities, the effect remained significant for self‐ and informant‐reported functional limitations.ConclusionDeficits in everyday memory and executive function domains were the strongest predictors of diagnostic conversion to MCI. Detection of early functional limitations may be clinically useful in assessing the future risk of developing cognitive impairment in cognitively normal older adults.
Transport of chemical signals in systemic acquired resistance
Authors: Singh Archana , Lim Gah‐Hyun , Kachroo Pradeep 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSystemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a form of broad‐spectrum resistance induced in response to local infections that protects uninfected parts against subsequent secondary infections by related or unrelated pathogens. SAR signaling requires two parallel branches, one regulated by salicylic acid (SA), and the other by azelaic acid (AzA) and glycerol‐3‐phosphate (G3P). AzA and G3P function downstream of the free radicals nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). During SAR, SA, AzA and G3P accumulate in the infected leaves, but only a small portion of these is transported to distal uninfected leaves. SA is preferentially transported via the apoplast, whereas phloem loading of AzA and G3P occurs via the symplast. The symplastic transport of AzA and G3P is regulated by gating of the plasmodesmata (PD). The PD localizing proteins, PDLP1 and PDLP5, regulate SAR by regulating PD gating as well as the subcellular partitioning of a SAR‐associated protein.
The Social Psychology of the Great Recession and Social Class Divides
Authors: Moya Miguel , Fiske Susan T. 
Published: March 2017

The Great Recession, a marked global economic decline that began in December 2007 in the United States, has affected the entire world economy, although more in some countries than others. It has increased income inequality, intergenerational tensions, and anti‐immigrant prejudices.This issue aims to discuss social psychological effects of economic downturns on intergroup and interpersonal relations. Two lines of research, closely related, converge in this issue because the Great Recession has brought social‐class inequality into the foreground of worldwide contention. The first line of research here explores how social‐class membership influences interpersonal and intergroup processes: trust, deservingness, identity, educational attainment, stereotypes, ideologies, and group behaviors. The second line analyzes how the Great Recession has been affecting people's own lives and their psychological reactions, depending on their social class. Throughout this overview, we introduce the contributions to this special issue. The volume contributes to social psychological ideas about both social classes and the recession.
Utilization of potato peels and sugar beet pulp with and without enzyme supplementation in broiler chicken diets: effects on performance, serum biochemical indices and carcass traits
Authors: Abdel‐Hafeez H. M. , Saleh E. S. E. , Tawfeek S. S. , Youssef I. M. I. , Abdel‐Daim A. S. A. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of including potato peels (PP) and sugar beet pulp (SBP), as unconventional feeds, with and without enzyme in broiler diets from 1 to 42 days of age by observing the growth performance, blood parameters and carcass characteristics. A total of 150, 1‐day old, chicks were randomly assigned into five groups, each with 30 chicks. Birds in group 1 were fed on the control diet. Chicks in groups 2 and 3 were offered diets containing PP and SBP at the rate of 15% and 7.5%, respectively, while those in groups 4 and 5 were fed the same diets but with adding an enzyme mixture. Using the unconventional feeds in the diets was found to decrease the body weight (BW). However, the feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion did not differ from the control in PP at the grower period, but decreased in SBP throughout the experiment. Addition of enzyme greatly improved the BW in PP and SBP to a degree that it surpasses the control and also increased the feed intake and conversion. The total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol serum levels were decreased in all tested groups. Carcass yield was not affected by treatments, but the carcass fat content was reduced using the unconventional feeds with or without enzyme. In conclusion, PP can be used at a rate of 15% in the grower diets of broilers. Furthermore, 15% PP or 7.5% SBP can be included in starter and grower diets, but with the addition of enzymes. This can help in solving the problem of current shortage and rising costs of conventional feeds.
Distal skin vasodilation promotes rapid sleep onset in preterm neonates
Authors: Barcat Lucile , Decima Pauline , Bodin Emilie , Delanaud Stephane , Stephan‐Blanchard Erwan , Leke Andre , Libert Jean‐Pierre , Tourneux Pierre , Bach Veronique 
Published: March 2017

SummaryAlthough sleep is of paramount importance for preterm neonates, care of the latter in a neonatal intensive care unit does not favour sleep. Given that several studies in adults have described a ‘vegetative preparedness to sleep’ (in which distal skin vasodilation before lights‐out promotes rapid sleep onset), we looked at whether or not this process operates in preterm neonates. Sleep propensity was assessed in terms of the duration of a spontaneous episode of wakefulness (W). Skin temperatures at six body sites (the abdomen, pectoral region, eye, hand, thigh and foot) were measured (using infrared thermography) during nocturnal polysomnography in 29 9‐day‐old preterm neonates (postmenstrual age: 209 ± 9 days). We then determined whether the duration of the W episode depended upon the local skin temperatures measured at the start, during and end of the episode. The W episode was shorter when distal skin temperatures (thigh, hand and foot) and the pectoral temperature were higher at the end of the episode (i.e. at sleep onset). The relationship with the duration of the W episode was not significant for temperatures measured at the start of the W episode. We observed gradual distal vasodilation at the pectoral region, the thigh, hand and foot (i.e. affecting most of the body's skin surface) during W episodes. Our results constitute initial evidence to show that distal vasodilation may have a key role in facilitating sleep onset in very preterm neonates.
Influence of caudal block on postoperative oliguria in infants undergoing bilateral ureteroneocystostomy: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Lee Hyun Jeong , Choi Yong Seon , Koo Bon‐Nyeo , Han Sang Won , Cho Young Eun , Im Young Jae , Lee Jae Hoon 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundCaudal block has been widely used in children undergoing genitourinary surgery. However, the influence of caudal block on postoperative oliguria is unclear.AimThe aim of this study was to assess the effect of caudal block on urinary flow through the reimplanted ureter after ureteroneocystostomy and the incidence of postoperative oliguria in infants.MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed the medical records of 121 infants aged less than 12 months who underwent bilateral ureteroneocystostomy for vesicoureteral reflux at a tertiary medical center. In all study infants, a ureteral catheter was placed in one of the two ureters in order to relieve the clinical consequences of transient ureteral obstruction and a urethral catheter was placed at the end of the ureteroneocystostomy procedure. Urinary output was assessed separately for each catheter. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for oliguria from the urethral catheter.ResultsAmong the 121 patients, 63 (52%) received caudal block (caudal block group) and 58 (48%) did not (no caudal block group). Patient characteristics, preoperative vesicoureteral reflux grade and renal function, and intraoperative profiles were comparable between the groups. The incidence of oliguria from the urethral catheter for 8 h after the surgery was significantly higher in the caudal block group than in the no caudal block group. However, the incidence of oliguria from the ureteral catheter was comparable between the groups. In multivariate analysis, oliguria from the urethral catheter was associated with caudal block, anesthesia duration, and intraoperative dexamethasone administration. The odds for oliguria was 3.069‐fold greater in patients who received caudal block than in those who did not (95%CI, 1.303–7.228, P = 0.010). On the other hand, intraoperative dexamethasone reduced the risk of oliguria.ConclusionCaudal block may be associated with postoperative oliguria in infants undergoing ureteroneocystostomy.
Geochemical Characterization of Magnetite and Geological Setting of the Iron Oxide ± Iron Silicate ± Iron Carbonate Rich Pb–Zn Sulfides from the La Unión and Mazarrón Stratabound Deposits (SE Spain)
Authors: López‐García José Ángel , Oyarzun Roberto , Lillo Javier , Manteca José Ignacio , Cubas Paloma 
Published: March 2017

AbstractFrom a mineralogical point of view the La Unión ore field (SE Spain) can be regarded as an oddity as some of its hydrothermal, stratabound type deposits display an extremely unusual paragenesis comprising magnetite ± greenalite ± minnesotaite ± siderite and galena ± sphalerite (IOSC – LZS). Recent mineralogical studies have shown that this paragenesis is also present at the neighboring Mazarrón ore field. These ore fields share a similar geologic setting, involving metamorphic and sedimentary rocks (Paleozoic s.l. to Permian) hosting late Miocene high‐K calc‐alkaline volcanic and subvolcanic rocks. The latter have andesitic to dacitic composition, and triggered hydrothermal activity and ore deposition. This study discusses the detailed mineral chemistry of magnetite samples from Mazarrón and La Unión and provides some hints for the origin of the IOSC – LZS paragenesis. We performed electron microprobe (EPMA) analyses in magnetite samples from La Unión and Mazarrón to determine the contents of minor and trace elements (Zn, Ni, Mn, Cr, V, K, Ca, Ti, Al, Si, Mg). Given that some results fell below the detection limit for the EPMA instrumental conditions we used robust regression on order statistics (robust ROS), with the NADA package in R to deal with these data sets. The Ca + Al + Mn contents in magnetites from San Cristóbal and Emilia are equivalent to the mean contents of those of IOCG, Kiruna, BIF, Cu porphyry, skarn, VMS, hydrothermal and clastic Pb–Zn deposits, but they are low in Ti + V and Ni + Cr. The principal components analysis indicates that Zn, Ni, Cr, V, K, Ca, Ti, and Mg are roughly collinear, therefore correlated, being also independent from Fe. Besides, the function discriminant analysis of data shows that the magnetites from Emilia and San Cristóbal cluster in differentiated groups, thus probably reflecting some differences related to the distance to the magmatic source that triggered the hydrothermal system: proximal in the case of San Cristóbal and distal in Emilia.
Engaging with Comparative Risk Appraisals: Public Views on Policy Priorities for Environmental Risk Governance
Authors: Rocks Sophie A. , Schubert Iljana , Soane Emma , Black Edgar , Muckle Rachel , Petts Judith , Prpich George , Pollard Simon J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCommunicating the rationale for allocating resources to manage policy priorities and their risks is challenging. Here, we demonstrate that environmental risks have diverse attributes and locales in their effects that may drive disproportionate responses among citizens. When 2,065 survey participants deployed summary information and their own understanding to assess 12 policy‐level environmental risks singularly, their assessment differed from a prior expert assessment. However, participants provided rankings similar to those of experts when these same 12 risks were considered as a group, allowing comparison between the different risks. Following this, when individuals were shown the prior expert assessment of this portfolio, they expressed a moderate level of confidence with the combined expert analysis. These are important findings for the comprehension of policy risks that may be subject to augmentation by climate change, their representation alongside other threats within national risk assessments, and interpretations of agency for public risk management by citizens and others.
“These Power Lines Make Me Ill”: A Typology of Residents’ Health Responses to a New High‐Voltage Power Line
Authors: Porsius Jarry T. , Claassen Liesbeth , Woudenberg Fred , Smid Tjabe , Timmermans Danielle R. M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractLittle attention has been devoted to the potential diversity in residents’ health responses when exposed to an uncertain environmental health risk. The present study explores whether subgroups of residents respond differently to a new high‐voltage power line (HVPL) being put into operation. We used a quasi‐experimental prospective field study design with two pretests during the construction of a new HVPL, and two posttests after it was put into operation. Residents living nearby (0–300 m, n = 229) filled out questionnaires about their health and their perception of the environment. We applied latent class growth models to investigate heterogeneity in the belief that health complaints were caused by a power line. Classes were compared on a wide range of variables relating to negative‐oriented personality traits, perceived physical and mental health, and perceptions of the environment. We identified five distinct classes of residents, of which the largest (49%) could be described as emotionally stable and healthy with weak responses to the introduction of a new power line. A considerable minority (9%) responded more strongly to the new line being activated. Residents in this class had heard more about the health effects of power lines beforehand, were more aware of the activation of the new line, and reported a decrease in perceived health afterwards. Based on our findings we can conclude that there is a considerable heterogeneity in health responses to a new HVPL. Health risk perceptions appear to play an important role in this typology, which has implications for risk management.
Bayesian Mixed Treatment Comparisons Meta-Analysis for Correlated Outcomes Subject to Reporting Bias
Authors: Liu Yulun , DeSantis Stacia M. , Chen Yong 
Published: March 2017

SummaryMany randomized controlled trials report more than one primary outcome. As a result, multivariate meta-analytic methods for the assimilation of treatment effects in systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials have received increasing attention in the literature. These methods show promise with respect to bias reduction and efficiency gain compared with univariate meta-analysis. However, most methods for multivariate meta-analysis have focused on pairwise treatment comparisons (i.e. when the number of treatments is 2). Current methods for mixed treatment comparisons meta-analysis (i.e. when the number of treatments is more than 2) have focused on univariate or, very recently, bivariate outcomes. To broaden their application, we propose a framework for mixed treatment comparisons meta-analysis of multivariate (two or more) outcomes where the correlations between multivariate outcomes within and between studies are accounted for through copulas, and the joint modelling of multivariate random effects respectively. We consider a Bayesian hierarchical model using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods for estimation. An important feature of the framework proposed is that it allows for borrowing of information across correlated outcomes. We show via simulation that our approach reduces the effect of outcome reporting bias in a variety of missing outcome scenarios. We apply the method to a systematic review of randomized controlled trials of pharmacological treatments for alcohol dependence, which tends to report multiple outcomes potentially subject to outcome reporting bias.
Markov Models for Ocular Fixation Locations in the Presence and Absence of Colour
Authors: Kashlak Adam B. , Devane Eoin , Dietert Helge , Jackson Henry 
Published: March 2017

SummaryIn response to the 2015 Royal Statistical Society's statistical analytics challenge, we propose to model the fixation locations of the human eye when observing a still image by a Markov point process in R2. Our approach is data driven using k-means clustering of the fixation locations to identify distinct salient regions of the image, which in turn correspond to the states of our Markov chain. Bayes factors are computed as the model selection criterion to determine the number of clusters. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the behaviour of the human eye differs from this model when colour information is removed from the given image.
Tonometer validation and intraocular pressure reference values in the normal chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera)
Authors: Snyder Kevin C. , Lewin Andrew C. , Mans Christoph , McLellan Gillian J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo determine accuracy and precision of three commonly used tonometers (TonoVet®and TonoLab®(ICare Oy, Finland)—rebound tonometers, and Tono‐PenVET™ (Reichert,NY)—applanation tonometer) in normal chinchillas, and to establish a normal intraocular pressure (IOP) reference range in this species.MethodsThe anterior chambers of three chinchilla eyes were cannulatedex vivoand readings obtained at manometricIOPs from 5 to 80 mmHg, using each of the three tonometers in random order. Data were analyzed by linear regression,ANOVA, and Bland–Altman plots. Tonometry was performed in both eyes of 60 chinchillas (age 8 weeks–16.2 years) using the TonoVet®and relationship between age andIOPanalyzed using linear regression. For all statistical tests,P< 0.05 was significant.ResultsIntraocular pressure values obtained using the Tono‐PenVET™ and TonoVet®(in dog calibration mode;‘d’) showed strong linear correlation with manometry within the physiologic and clinically relevant range ofIOP(0–50 mmHg). The TonoVet®‘d’ setting displayed significantly greater precision over the full range ofIOPevaluated than the Tono‐PenVET™, and both TonoVet and Tono‐PenVET™ were significantly more accurate than the TonoLab®tonometer. Mean ±SD IOP(TonoVet®‘d’) in chinchillas was 9.7 ± 2.5 mmHg, and the 95% reference interval was 4.7–14.7 mmHg.ConclusionsBoth the Tono‐PenVET™ and TonoVet®provided clinically acceptable estimates ofIOPin chinchillas. The TonoVet®provides accurate and preciseIOPvalues, while Tono‐PenVET™ derived measurements showed greater variability. Values obtained either with the TonoLab®or TonoVet®used in the ‘unspecified’ calibration setting were inaccurate in this species.