bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inferring speciation history in the Andes with reduced‐representation sequence data: an example in the bay‐backed antpittas (Aves; Grallariidae; Grallaria hypoleuca s. l.)
Authors: Winger Benjamin M. , Hosner Peter A. , Bravo Gustavo A. , Cuervo Andrés M. , Aristizábal Natalia , Cueto Luis E. , Bates John M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn the Andes, humid‐forest organisms frequently exhibit pronounced genetic structure and geographic variation in phenotype, often coincident with physical barriers to dispersal. However, phylogenetic relationships of clades have often been difficult to resolve due to short internodes. Consequently, even in taxa with well‐defined genetic structure, the temporal and geographic sequences of dispersal and vicariance events that led to this differentiation have remained opaque, hindering efforts to test the association between diversification and earth history and to understand the assembly of species‐rich communities on Andean slopes. Here, we use mitochondrial DNA and thousands of short‐read sequences generated with genotyping by sequencing (GBS) to examine the geographic history of speciation in a lineage of passerine birds found in the humid forest of the Andes, the ‘bay‐backed’ antpitta complex (Grallaria hypoleuca s. l). Mitochondrial DNA genealogies documented genetic structure among clade but were poorly resolved at nodes relevant for biogeographic inference. By contrast, relationships inferred from GBS loci were highly resolved and suggested a biogeographic history in which the ancestor originated in the northern Andes and dispersed south. Our results are consistent with a scenario of vicariant speciation wherein the range of a widespread ancestor was fragmented as a result of geologic or climatic change, rather than a stepping‐stone series of dispersal events across pre‐existing barriers. However, our study also highlights challenges of distinguishing dispersal‐mediated speciation from static vicariance. Our results further demonstrate the substantial evolutionary timescale over which the diverse biota of the Andes was assembled.
Natural killer cell‐mediated damage of clinical isolates of mucormycetes
Authors: Schmidt Stanislaw , Schneider Andreas , Demir Asuman , Lass‐Flörl Cornelia , Lehrnbecher Thomas 
Published: November 2015

SummaryHaematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients are at high risk for mucormycosis, which has a mortality of up to 90%. The adoptive transfer of Natural killer (NK) cells is a promising therapeutic option in order to improve the reconstitution of host immunity after HSCT and to directly combat the fungal pathogen. As a number of fungal pathogens have developed strategies to evade the innate immune system, we investigated the interaction of human NK cells with various clinical isolates of different species of mucormycetes. Our results show that human IL‐2 prestimulated NK cells damaged all mucormycetes tested. The extent of the damage depended, at least in part, on the growth curve characteristics of the individual fungal isolate. All isolates decreased the secretion of interferon‐γ by NK cells to a similar extent. Our data suggest that NK cells damage a wide spectrum of mucormycetes, but that the antifungal effect is higher if NK cells are administered at an early time point of infection.
The tomato mutant ars1 (altered response to salt stress 1) identifies an R1‐type MYB transcription factor involved in stomatal closure under salt acclimation
Authors: Campos Juan F. , Cara Beatriz , Pérez‐Martín Fernando , Pineda Benito , Egea Isabel , Flores Francisco B. , Fernandez‐Garcia Nieves , Capel Juan , Moreno Vicente , Angosto Trinidad , Lozano Rafael , Bolarin Maria C. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryA screening under salt stress conditions of a T‐DNA mutant collection of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) led to the identification of the altered response to salt stress 1 (ars1) mutant, which showed a salt‐sensitive phenotype. Genetic analysis of the ars1 mutation revealed that a single T‐DNA insertion in the ARS1 gene was responsible of the mutant phenotype. ARS1 coded for an R1‐MYB type transcription factor and its expression was induced by salinity in leaves. The mutant reduced fruit yield under salt acclimation while in the absence of stress the disruption of ARS1 did not affect this agronomic trait. The stomatal behaviour of ars1 mutant leaves induced higher Na+ accumulation via the transpiration stream, as the decreases of stomatal conductance and transpiration rate induced by salt stress were markedly lower in the mutant plants. Moreover, the mutation affected stomatal closure in a response mediated by abscisic acid (ABA). The characterization of tomato transgenic lines silencing and overexpressing ARS1 corroborates the role of the gene in regulating the water loss via transpiration under salinity. Together, our results show that ARS1 tomato gene contributes to reduce transpirational water loss under salt stress. Finally, this gene could be interesting for tomato molecular breeding, because its manipulation could lead to improved stress tolerance without yield penalty under optimal culture conditions.
Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of opportunistic infections in pediatric renal transplant recipients
Authors: Jordan Cameron L. , Taber David J. , Kyle Maggee O. , Connelly James , Pilch Nicole W. , Fleming James , Meadows Holly B. , Bratton Charles F. , Nadig Satish N. , McGillicuddy John W. , Chavin Kenneth D. , Baliga Prabhakar K. , Shatat Ibrahim F. , Twombley Katherine 
Published: November 2015

AbstractOIs present significant risks to patients following solid organ transplantation. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for the development of OIs after kidney transplantation in pediatric patients and to evaluate the impact of OIs on outcomes in this patient population. A single‐center retrospective longitudinal cohort analysis including pediatric patients 21 yr of age or younger transplanted from July 1999 to June 2013 at an academic medical center was conducted. Patients were excluded if they received multi‐organ transplant. A total of 175 patients were included in the study. Patients who developed OIs were more likely to be female and younger at the time of transplant. A six‐factor risk model for OI development was developed. Death, disease recurrence, and PTLD development were similar between groups but trended toward increased incidence in the OI group. Incidence of rejection was significantly higher in the OI group (p = 0.04). Patients who developed OIs had several important risk factors, including younger age, EBV‐negative serostatus, CMV donor (+)/recipient (−), biopsy‐proven acute rejection, ANC <1000, MMF dose >500 mg/m2, and any infection. Incidence of rejection was higher in the OI group, but rate of graft loss was not statistically different.
Asymmetric Linkages between BRICS Stock Returns and Country Risk Ratings: Evidence from Dynamic Panel Threshold Models
Authors: Mensi Walid , Hammoudeh Shawkat , Yoon Seong‐Min , Nguyen Duc Khuong 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis study investigates the asymmetric linkages between the five BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) countries’ stock markets and three country risk ratings (financial, economic and political risk) in the presence of major global economic and financial factors. Using the dynamic panel threshold models, we find evidence of asymmetry in most cases. However, the significance and the signs of the effects of these risk ratings on the BRICS market returns differ across the lower and upper regimes. Furthermore, improvements in the global stock, West Texas Intermediate (WTI) and gold markets enhance the BRICS stock market performance. Increases in implied volatility indices lead to drops in the BRICS markets.
Spillovers from Foreign Exporters
Authors: Bohnstedt Anna 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe develop a general equilibrium model of international trade with heterogeneous firms that accounts for productivity spillovers transmitted by foreign exporters. Everything else equal, stronger spillovers increase welfare. We embed the model framework into a trade policy scenario where countries strategically set inter‐country variable trade costs for the trading partner. In the strategic Nash‐equilibrium policy, governments trade‐off welfare gains from protectionism and those that are due to spillovers from foreign exporters. The equilibrium degree of protectionism is decreasing in the strength of the spillover. Policy coordination induces welfare gains but these gains can be hump‐shaped in the spillover strength.
Overborrowing and Balance of Payments Imbalances in a Monetary Union
Authors: Sy Mouhamadou 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe sources of the balance of payments imbalances in the Euro area can be characterized by a combination of four phenomena: (i) the credit imbalances between the core and the periphery of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) (ii) the credit misallocation between the tradable and the nontradable sectors in the periphery (iii) the rapid increase in the output and the price of nontradable goods in the periphery since the beginning of the EMU and (iv) the current account imbalances within the EMU. This paper explains all four of these stylized facts within a single model as a result of the interaction between the common monetary policy, inflation heterogeneity and a relaxation of the credit constraint in the nontradable sector of the periphery. When nontradable goods are used as collateral, an increase in their prices can initiate an overborrowing spiral and lead to a balance of payment imbalances. Furthermore, the model endogenizes differences in unit labor costs between the core and the periphery of the Euro area.
Correction of the HLA‐DQB1*04:01:01 sequence at position 79 in exon 1
Authors: Okudaira Y. , Hosomichi K. , Ozaki Y. , Shiina T. , Mitsunaga S. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe HLA‐DQB1*04:01:01 sequence is corrected at position 79 in exon 1 (G > A, Ala > Thr).
A genome‐scale metabolic network reconstruction of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and its application to photorespiratory metabolism
Authors: Yuan Huili , Cheung C.Y. Maurice , Poolman Mark G. , Hilbers Peter A. J. , van Riel Natal A. W. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryTomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) has been studied extensively due to its high economic value in the market, and high content in health‐promoting antioxidant compounds. Tomato is also considered as an excellent model organism for studying the development and metabolism of fleshy fruits. However, the growth, yield and fruit quality of tomatoes can be affected by drought stress, a common abiotic stress for tomato. To investigate the potential metabolic response of tomato plants to drought, we reconstructed iHY3410, a genome‐scale metabolic model of tomato leaf, and used this metabolic network to simulate tomato leaf metabolism. The resulting model includes 3410 genes and 2143 biochemical and transport reactions distributed across five intracellular organelles including cytosol, plastid, mitochondrion, peroxisome and vacuole. The model successfully described the known metabolic behaviour of tomato leaf under heterotrophic and phototrophic conditions. The in silico investigation of the metabolic characteristics for photorespiration and other relevant metabolic processes under drought stress suggested that: (i) the flux distributions through the mevalonate (MVA) pathway under drought were distinct from that under normal conditions; and (ii) the changes in fluxes through core metabolic pathways with varying flux ratio of RubisCO carboxylase to oxygenase may contribute to the adaptive stress response of plants. In addition, we improved on previous studies of reaction essentiality analysis for leaf metabolism by including potential alternative routes for compensating reaction knockouts. Altogether, the genome‐scale model provides a sound framework for investigating tomato metabolism and gives valuable insights into the functional consequences of abiotic stresses.
Load-based Exergetic Assessment of an Offshore Thermal Power Plant in an Equatorial Environment
Authors: Adumene Sidum 
Published: November 2015

The Load-based exergetic assessment of a thermal power plant for offshore utilization was carried out. The gas turbine systems were split into sub-systems and simplified into control volume to show inflow and outflow of exergy at different loading. The operating parameters of the plant were monitored for 12 months through human machine interface (HMI), and the data collected were used with thermodynamic relations to carry out the assessment. MATLAB 7.3 ® Software was used to evaluate the various model equations and results tabulated. The results show that for every 1% drop in the operational load, the thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency drop by 0.17% and 0.25% respectively. It further shows that there is about 0.006% decrease in fuel consumption under the same conditions, and at 44% loading the system has the highest percentage of exergy loss of about 21.3%. This means that as the operational load decrease, the percentage exergy loss increase proportionally. Enormous exergy is lost in the exhaust system due to absence of heat recovery steam generator. The assessment established that the components of the power plant degrade in the quality of exergy and performance at different loading of the plant due to mechanical loss and irreversibility.
A State-of-the-Art Review on Pool Boiling on Nanostructure Surfaces
Authors: Ignácio Isabela , Cardoso Elaine Maria , Gasche José Luiz , Ribatski Gherhardt 
Published: November 2015

The differences in the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) and critical heat flux (CHF) behaviors between nanostructured and smooth surfaces are attributed to modifications on the surface wettability and capillarity effects through the porous matrix generated by the nanostructure layer. Both act in order of improving rewetting effects, explaining the CHF augmentation. The fact that the contact angle decreases is commonly considered to justify the HTC reduction for nanostructured surfaces.
In this context, this study presents a critical review of the literature concerning the boiling phenomena on nanostructures surfaces. Care is exercised in order of characterizing the nanostructuring methods and compare heat transfer results obtained under almost similar conditions by different authors. Heat transfer mechanisms pointed in the literature as responsible for the heat transfer behaviors are also contrasted.
Heat Transfer Performance of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide in Microchannels
Authors: Yang Chien-Yuh , Liao Kun-Chieh 
Published: November 2015

This paper provides an experimental investigation of heat transfer performance and pressure drop of supercritical carbon dioxide cooling in microchannel heat exchanger. An extruded flat aluminum tube with 37 parallel channels and each channel of 0.5 mm × 0.5 mm cross section was used as the test section. Super critical carbon dioxide at pressure of 7.5 MPa and inlet temperature varied from 55 to 25 °C was tested. The temperature drops of CO2 cooled inside the test section was controlled at 2, 4 and 8 °C separately for each test to investigate the effect of properties change on the friction and heat transfer performance at various temperature cooling ranges near the critical point.
The test results showed that while the test conditions were away from (approximately 5 °C higher or lower) the critical point, both heat transfer and pressure drop performance agreed very well with those predicted by convention correlations. However, while the test conditions near the critical point, the difference between the present test results and the prediction values is very high. From the experiment results of various temperature change range inside the test section, we can find that both heat transfer and pressure drop were strongly affected by the temperature cooling ranges near the critical point.
Since there is a drastic peak of the properties change near the critical point, neither fluid properties at the average temperature nor the average properties at the inlet and exit temperatures may appropriately present the actual properties change in the test process. If we use the properties integrated but not averaged from inlet to the exit temperatures, we may obtain the results that agree well with the values predicted by conventional correlations. The heat transfer and pressure drop performance of super critical carbon dioxide are indeed similar to these at normal conditions if its properties were appropriately evaluated.
Experimental Investigation of a Cost Effective Skived Microchannel Cold Plate for Mass Production
Authors: Steinke Mark E. , Kamath Vinod 
Published: November 2015

A liquid cold plate that utilizes skived microchannels has been developed to gain the benefits of direct liquid cooling, but minimize the expensive cost of such cold plates. The construction, application, and experimental results of the skived cold plate will be presented. Skiving is a mechanical process that cuts thin layers of material. It is an established process for making air cooled heat sinks. In this application, the fin field is skived and placed inside a housing that allows for liquid flow through the resulting fins.
The design boundary conditions and parameters will be described and performance per cost metric will be presented and used to evaluate future optimization possibilities. The objective of the present work was to minimize the thermal resistance while maintaining a low manufacturing cost. The design goal was to produce a cold plate that had sufficient thermal performance and the ability to be mass produced at a reasonable cost.
The resulting cold plate would also need to support warm water cooling of microprocessors. Warm water is a working fluid that has not been chilled below ambient temperatures. Therefore, the water temperature could be up to 45 degrees Celsius. The cold plate had a thermal resistance less than 0.3 °Ccm2/W. The pressure drop was minimized to lower the required pumping power and was less than 6 kPa at 1.0 liter per minute. Using a skiving process, it is possible to develop a cold plate that delivers good thermal performance and maintains a low production cost.
Exploration of Phase Change Within a Capillary Flow Driven Square Micro-Channel Using Lattice Boltzmann Method and Experimental Boundary Conditions
Authors: Borquist E. , Smith G. , Weiss L. 
Published: November 2015

Previously published research examined the overall efficiency of heat transfer through a copper plated micro-channel heat exchanger. However, since the device is sealed and composed entirely of copper, understanding the phase change, temperature field, and density field of the working fluid is difficult empirically. Given that the efficiency was shown to be greatly increased by the working fluid phase change, this understanding within the device is important to designing devices of greater efficiency and different working fluids. One method of determining device and component performance is numerical modeling of the system.
Fluids that undergo phase change have long frustrated those attempting to successfully numerically model systems with acceptable stability. Over the past twenty years, the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) has transformed the simulation of multicomponent and multiphase flows. Particularly with multiphase flows, the LBM “naturally” morphs the phase change interface throughout the model without excessive computational complexity. The relative ease with which LBM has been applied to some multicomponent/multiphase systems inspired the use of LBM to track phase change within the previously recorded experimental boundary conditions for the copper plated heat exchanger.
In this paper, the LBM was used to simulate the evaporation and condensation of HFE-7200 within a capillary flow driven square micro-channel heat exchanger (MHE). All initial and boundary conditions for the simulation are exactly those conditions at which the empirical data was measured. These include temperature and heat flux measurements entering and leaving the MHE. Working fluid parameters and characteristics were given by the manufacturer or measured during experimental work. Once the lattice size, initial conditions, and boundary conditions were input into MATLAB®, the simulations indicated that the working fluid was successfully evaporating and condensing which, coupled with the capillary driven flow, allowed the system to provide excellent heat transfer characteristics without the use of any external work mechanism.
Results indicated successive instances of stratified flow along the channel length. Micro-channel flow occurring due to capillary action instead of external work mechanisms made differences in flow patterns negligible. Coupled with the experimentally measured thermal characteristics, this allowed simulations to develop a regular pattern of phase interface tracking. The agreement of multiple simulations with previously recorded experimental data has yielded a system where transport properties are understood and recognized as the primary reasons for such excellent energy transport in the device.
Is higher serum cholesterol associated with altered tendon structure or tendon pain? A systematic review
Authors: Tilley Benjamin J , Cook Jill L , Docking Sean I , Gaida James E 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundTendon pain occurs in individuals with extreme cholesterol levels (familial hypercholesterolaemia). It is unclear whether the association with tendon pain is strong with less extreme elevations of cholesterol.ObjectiveTo determine whether lipid levels are associated with abnormal tendon structure or the presence of tendon pain.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. Relevant articles were found through an electronic search of 6 medical databases—MEDLINE, Cochrane, AMED, EMBASE, Web of Science and Scopus. We included all case–control or cross-sectional studies with data describing (1) lipid levels or use of lipid-lowering drugs and (2) tendon structure or tendon pain.Results17 studies (2612 participants) were eligible for inclusion in the review. People with altered tendon structure or tendon pain had significantly higher total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; with mean difference values of 0.66, 1.00, 0.33, and −0.19 mmol/L, respectively.ConclusionsThe results of this review indicate that a relationship exists between an individual’s lipid profile and tendon health. However, further longitudinal studies are required to determine whether a cause and effect relationship exists between tendon structure and lipid levels. This could lead to advancement in the understanding of the pathoaetiology and thus treatment of tendinopathy.