bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro efficacy of aquaculture antimicrobials and genetic determinants of resistance in bacterial isolates from tropical aquaculture disease outbreaks
Authors: Gopakumar Sumithra T , Ramachandra Krupesha Sharma S , Gangadharan Suja , Nair Anusree V , Sachidanandan Suryagayathri , Prasad Vishnu , Purakal Lailaja V , Chakkalakkal George J , Patil Prasanna K 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Understanding the efficacy of antimicrobials against pathogens from clinical samples is critical for their responsible use. The manuscript presents in vitro efficacy and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in seven species of fish pathogens from the disease outbreaks of Indian aquaculture against oxytetracycline, florfenicol, oxolinic acid, and enrofloxacin. In vitro efficacy was evaluated by minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration. The gene-specific PCR screened AMR genes against quinolones (qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS) and tetracyclines (tetM, tetS, tetA, tetC, tetB, tetD, tetE, tetH, tetJ, tetG, and tetY). The results showed that Aeromonas veronii (45%) showed the maximum resistance phenotype, followed by Streptococcus agalactiae (40%), Photobacterium damselae (15%), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (10%), and Vibrio vulnificus (5%). There was no resistance among Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio alginolyticus against the tested antimicrobials. The positive association between tetA, tetB, tetC, tetM, or a combination of these genes to oxytetracycline resistance and qnrS to quinolone resistance indicated their potential in surveillance studies. The prevalence of resistance phenotypes (16.43%) and evaluated AMR genes (2.65%) against aquaculture antimicrobials was low. The resistance phenotype pattern abundance was 0.143. All the isolates showed susceptibility to florfenicol. The results help with the appropriate drug selection against each species in aquaculture practices.
Unfruitful chemical pathway for interstellar furan: formation of the four isomers of 1-butenol-3-yne
Authors: García de la Concepción J , Rivilla V M 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Heterocycles have not been detected in the interstellar medium (ISM) yet. However, the direct involvement of some pentagonal heterocycles within the formation of key biomolecules for the origin of life makes the search for these systems in the ISM relevant for understanding whether some of the bricks of life could be formed in the ISM. We have explored the possible formation of the simple heterocycle furan (c-C$_{4}$H$_{4}$O) under interstellar conditions, through the reaction between two interstellar species, $\mathrm{syn}$-vinyl alcohol ($\mathrm{syn}$-VA) and the CCH radical. We employed state-of-the-art quantum-chemical calculations to elucidate the reaction mechanism between the reaction of CCH radical and $\mathrm{syn}$-VA. Kinetic simulations were carried out aiming to quantitatively assess the viability of this reaction in the ISM. We have found a reaction pathway to furan where all energy barriers are submerged. However, the formation of this heterocycle is not feasible because the intermediates leading to furan can evolve through more favourable routes. In contrast, we have found viable pathways for the formation of the four isomers of 1-butenol-3-yne (HCCCHCHOH) (Z-$\mathrm{syn}$, E-$\mathrm{syn}$, E-$\mathrm{anti}$, and Z-$\mathrm{anti}$), which thus are promising species to be detected in the ISM. Our theoretical work indicates that the four isomers of 1-butenol-3-yne should be present in the ISM because the precursors are known interstellar species, and the kinetic simulations indicate that their formation is very likely. We then encourage the observational search of these molecules in the ISM.
The only inflated brown dwarf in an eclipsing white dwarf–brown dwarf binary: WD1032+011B
Authors: French Jenni R , Casewell Sarah L , Amaro Rachael C , Lothringer Joshua D , Mayorga L C , Littlefair Stuart P , Lew Ben W P , Zhou Yifan , Apai Daniel , Marley Mark S , Parmentier Vivien , Tan Xianyu 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Due to their short orbital periods and relatively high-flux ratios, irradiated brown dwarfs in binaries with white dwarfs offer better opportunities to study irradiated atmospheres than hot Jupiters, which have lower planet-to-star flux ratios. WD1032+011 is an eclipsing, tidally locked white dwarf–brown dwarf binary with a 9950 K white dwarf orbited by a 69.7 M$_{\text{Jup}}$ brown dwarf in a 0.09 d orbit. We present time-resolved Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 spectrophotometric data of WD1032+011. We isolate the phase-dependent spectra of WD1032+011B, finding a 210 K difference in brightness temperature between the dayside and nightside. The spectral type of the brown dwarf is identified as L1 peculiar, with atmospheric retrievals and comparison to field brown dwarfs showing evidence for a cloud-free atmosphere. The retrieved temperature of the dayside is 1748$^{+66}_{-67}$ K, with a nightside temperature of 1555$^{+76}_{-62}$ K, showing an irradiation-driven temperature contrast coupled with inefficient heat redistribution from the dayside to the nightside. The brown dwarf radius is inflated, likely due to the constant irradiation from the white dwarf, making it the only known inflated brown dwarf in an eclipsing white dwarf–brown dwarf binary.
A calibrated model for N-body dynamical friction acting on supermassive black holes
Authors: Genina Anna , Springel Volker , Rantala Antti 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Black holes are believed to be crucial in regulating star formation in massive galaxies, which makes it essential to faithfully represent the physics of these objects in cosmological hydrodynamics simulations. Limited spatial and mass resolution and the associated discreteness noise make following the dynamics of black holes especially challenging. In particular, dynamical friction, which is responsible for driving massive black holes towards the centres of galaxies, cannot be accurately modelled with softened N-body interactions. A number of subgrid models have been proposed to mimic dynamical friction or directly include its full effects in simulations. Each of these methods has its individual benefits and shortcomings, while all suffer from a common issue of being unable to represent black holes with masses below a few times the simulated dark matter particle mass. In this paper, we propose a correction for unresolved dynamical friction, which has been calibrated on simulations run with the code ketju, in which gravitational interactions of black holes are not softened. We demonstrate that our correction is able to sink black holes with masses greater than the dark matter particle mass at the correct rate. We show that the impact of stochasticity is significant for low-mass black holes ($M_{\rm BH} \le 5 M_{\rm DM}$) and propose a correction for stochastic heating. Combined, this approach is applicable to next generation cosmological hydrodynamics simulations that jointly track galaxy and black hole growth with realistic black hole orbits.
Using the simba cosmological simulations to measure the planar relation between stellar specific angular momentum, mass, and effective surface brightness
Authors: Elson E 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Stellar mass and specific angular momentum are two properties of a galaxy that are directly related to its formation history, and hence morphology. In this work, the tight planar relationship between stellar specific angular momentum ($j_*$), mass ($M_*$), and mean effective surface brightness ($\left\langle \mu _\mathrm{eff}\right\rangle $) that was recently constrained using ALFALFA (Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA) galaxies is measured more accurately using galaxies from the simba cosmological simulation. The distribution of 179 simba galaxies in $\log _{10}j_* \!-\! \log _{10}M_*$−$\left\langle \mu _\mathrm{eff}\right\rangle $ space is shown to be very tightly planar with $j_*\propto M_*^{0.694}$ and the distribution of perpendicular distances between the galaxies and the plane being approximately Gaussian with $\mathrm{RMS}=0.057$ dex. The parametrized distribution is used with existing $j_*$ and $\left\langle \mu _\mathrm{eff}\right\rangle $ measurements of 3607 ALFALFA galaxies and 84 SPARC (Spitzer Photometry and Accurate Rotation Curves) galaxies to reliably predict their published stellar masses to within $\sim 0.1$–0.2 dex over several decades of stellar mass. Thus, this work presents a new method of easily generating accurate galaxy stellar mass estimates for late-type galaxies and provides a new measurement of the fundamental link between galaxy morphology, mass, and angular momentum.
Transit timing variation of K2-237b: hints toward planet disc migration
Authors: Yang Fan , Long Richard J , Kerins Eamonn , Awiphan Supachai , Shan Su-Su , Zhang Bo , Joshi Yogesh C , A-thano Napaporn , Jiang Ing-Guey , Priyadarshi Akshay , Liu Ji-Feng 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Hot Jupiters should initially form at considerable distances from host stars and subsequently migrate towards inner regions, supported directly by transit timing variation (TTV). We report the TTV of K2-237b, using reproduced timings fitted from Kepler K2 and TESS data. The timings span from 2016 to 2021, leading to an observational baseline of 5 yr. The timing evolution presents a significant bias to a constant period scenario. The model evidence is evaluated utilizing the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), which favours the scenario of period decay with a $\Delta$BIC of 14.1. The detected TTV induces a period decay rate ($\dot{P}$) of −1.14$\pm 0.28\times 10^{-8}$ d per day ($-$0.36 s/yr). Fitting the spectral energy distribution, we find infrared excess at the significance level of 1.5 $\sigma$ for WISE W1 and W2 bands, and 2 $\sigma$ level for W3 and W4 bands. This potentially reveals the existence of a stellar disc, consisting of hot dust at 800 $\pm$ 300 K, showing a $L_{\mathrm{ dust}}/L_{\ast }$ of 5 $\pm\ 3\times 10^{-3}$. We obtain a stellar age of 1.0$^{+1.4}_{-0.7}\, \times 10^{9}$ yr from isochrone fitting. The properties of K2-237b potentially serve as a direct observational support to the planet disc migration though more observation are needed.
Low Genetic Impact of the Roman Occupation of Britain in Rural Communities
Authors: Scheib Christiana L , Hui Ruoyun , Rose Alice K , D’Atanasio Eugenia , Inskip Sarah A , Dittmar Jenna , Cessford Craig , Griffith Samuel J , Solnik Anu , Wiseman Rob , Neil Benjamin , Biers Trish , Harknett Sarah-Jane , Sasso Stefania , Biagini Simone A , Runfeldt Göran , Duhig Corinne , Evans Christopher , Metspalu Mait , Millett Martin J , O’Connell Tamsin C , Robb John E , Kivisild Toomas 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The Roman period saw the empire expand across Europe and the Mediterranean, including much of what is today Great Britain. While there is written evidence of high mobility into and out of Britain for administrators, traders, and the military, the impact of imperialism on local, rural population structure, kinship, and mobility is invisible in the textual record. The extent of genetic change that occurred in Britain during the Roman military occupation remains underexplored. Here, using genome-wide data from 52 ancient individuals from eight sites in Cambridgeshire covering the period of Roman occupation, we show low levels of genetic ancestry differentiation between Romano-British sites and indications of larger populations than in the Bronze Age and Neolithic. We find no evidence of long-distance migration from elsewhere in the Empire, though we do find one case of possible temporary mobility within a family unit during the Late Romano-British period. We also show that the present-day patterns of genetic ancestry composition in Britain emerged after the Roman period.
Identification of an RNA-binding perturbing characteristic for thiopurine drugs and their derivatives to disrupt CELF1–RNA interaction
Authors: Tan Yang , Zhao Zhibo , Han Qingfang , Xu Peipei , Shen Xiaopeng , Jiang Yajun , Xu Qiang , Wu Xingxin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are attractive targets in human pathologies. Despite a number of efforts to target RBPs with small molecules, it is still difficult to develop RBP inhibitors, asking for a deeper understanding of how to chemically perturb RNA-binding activity. In this study, we found that the thiopurine drugs (6-mercaptopurine and 6-thioguanine) effectively disrupt CELF1–RNA interaction. The disrupting activity relies on the formation of disulfide bonds between the thiopurine drugs and CELF1. Mutating the cysteine residue proximal to the RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), or adding reducing agents, abolishes the disrupting activity. Furthermore, the 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, a thiopurine analogue, was identified with 20-fold higher disrupting activity. Based on this analogue, we found that compound 9 disrupts CELF1–RNA interaction in living cells and ameliorates CELF1-mediated myogenesis deficiency. In summary, we identified a thiol-mediated binding mechanism for thiopurine drugs and their derivatives to perturb protein-RNA interaction, which provides novel insight for developing RBP inhibitors. Additionally, this work may benefit the pharmacological and toxicity research of thiopurine drugs.
Silver hair in a neonate: a tale of 2 fatal cases
Authors: Kumar Lakshmi Satish , Raghavendra Prashanth Ranya , Nair Sruthi , Vijaya Nathan D Muthu , Bargir Umair Ahmed , Haribalakrishna Anitha , Mahajan Sunanda Arun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Silver hair in a neonate is an uncommon occurrence. The aetiology of this condition is varied and is associated with immunodeficiency disorders such as Griscelli syndrome and Chédiak-Higashi syndrome. A preterm neonate with Griscelli syndrome type 2 might present with just silver colour staining of hair including the lanugo hair with no other complications. In those with associated systemic abnormalities such as congenital pulmonary airway malformation, further evaluation for conditions such as Menke-Kinke hair syndrome is required. In this case series, we describe two unique cases of silver hair syndrome in preterm neonates with their clinical description, course in the hospital, role of hair mount and genetic testing for further identification and diagnosis of this disorder.
Medicines for children: A global gift of trusted accessible information for parents
Authors: Tuthill David P , Rossiter Anna , Tse Yincent 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
To engender safer medication practice the Government of Canada encourages families to, “Ask your doctor about your child’s medication.” Medicines for Children (MFC) was established in 2006 when the U.K.’s Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH), Wellchild charity, and the Neonatal and Paediatric Pharmacy Group (NPPG) listened to parents’ concerns that they needed better information on children’s medicines. Each one of the &gt;200 information sheets available on the website has gone through a standardized, audited development. When launched in 2009 there were 10,500 hits by 7000 unique users which has grown to 4.5 million hits from 3.6 million individuals in 2022. Although the UK has the largest number of users; its worldwide importance is demonstrated by the fact that there are 430,000 users in Canada. For parents of a child who needs to take medicines safely, MFC provides high-quality, reliable family-centred information accessible 24/7 across the globe.
Hydraulic mechanism of limiting growth and maintaining survival of desert shrubs in arid habitats
Authors: Huo Jianqiang , Li Chengyi , Zhao Yang , Han Gaoling , Li Xinrong , Zhang Zhishan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The growth and survival of woody plant species is mainly driven by evolutionary and environmental factors. However, little is known about the hydraulic mechanisms that respond to growth limitation and enable desert shrub survival in arid habitats. To shed light on these hydraulic mechanisms, 9-, 31-, and 56-yr-old Caragana korshinskii plants that had been grown under different soil water conditions at the southeast edge of the Tengger Desert, Ningxia, China, were used in this study. The growth of C. korshinskii was mainly limited by soil water rather than shrub age in nonwatered habitats, which indicated the importance of maintaining shrub survival prior to growth under drought. Meanwhile, higher vessel density, narrower vessels, and lower xylem hydraulic conductivity indicated that shrubs enhanced hydraulic safety and reduced their hydraulic efficiency in arid conditions. Importantly, xylem hydraulic conductivity is mediated by variation in xylem hydraulic architecture–regulated photosynthetic carbon assimilation and growth of C. korshinskii. Our study highlights that the synergistic variation in xylem hydraulic safety and hydraulic efficiency is the hydraulic mechanism of limiting growth and maintaining survival in C. korshinskii under drought, providing insights into the strategies for growth and survival of desert shrubs in arid habitats.
Natural diversifying evolution of nonribosomal peptide synthetases in a defensive symbiont reveals nonmodular functional constraints
Authors: Li Zhiyuan , Ióca Laura P , He Ruolin , Donia Mohamed S 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The modular architecture of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) has inspired efforts to study their evolution and engineering. In this study, we analyze in detail a unique family of NRPSs from the defensive intracellular bacterial symbiont, Candidatus Endobryopsis kahalalidifaciens (Ca. E. kahalalidifaciens). We show that intensive and indiscriminate recombination events erase trivial sequence covariations induced by phylogenetic relatedness, revealing nonmodular functional constraints and clear recombination units. Moreover, we reveal unique substrate specificity determinants for multiple enzymatic domains, allowing us to accurately predict and experimentally discover the products of an orphan NRPS in Ca. E. kahalalidifaciens directly from environmental samples of its algal host. Finally, we expanded our analysis to 1,531 diverse NRPS pathways and revealed similar functional constraints to those observed in Ca. E. kahalalidifaciens’ NRPSs. Our findings reveal the sequence bases of genetic exchange, functional constraints, and substrate specificity in Ca. E. kahalalidifaciens’ NRPSs, and highlight them as a uniquely primed system for diversifying evolution.
Comment on “A New Boson Expansion Theory Utilizing a Norm Operator”
Authors: Sakamoto Hideo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Claims in a recent paper by Taniguchi for the normal-ordered linked-cluster expansion of the modified Marumori boson mapping are based on a flawed argument. Several papers not cited by the author have explained this weakness in detail and concluded that, in order to construct a meaningful boson expansion theory, the unphysical components must be removed from the fermion space before mapping it onto the boson space.
Anti-ulcerative effect and antioxidant effects of Garcinia kola Heckel (Clusiaceae) seed infusate
Authors: Hzounda Fokou Jean Baptiste , Tenda Marion Mambo , Sone Bertin , Yinyang Jaques , Bamal Denis Hans , Manaoda Antoine Vayarai , Kouopmtchop Sado Joseph Crépin , Fomesseng Negoue Arnold , Loe Gisele Etame , Clement Assob Jules 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Peptic ulcer (PU) is a condition in which the gastric lining breaks down, causing bleeding. This study investigates the anti-ulcer effects of Garcinia kola seed infusate in a rat model.

Material and methods
Garcinia kola seeds were harvested, freeze-dried, ground, and stored in the freezer. Ulcers were induced using 96% ethanol. After 2 h of ulcer formation, they received; 20 mg/kg omeprazole for group 2 and 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg body weight Garcinia kola infusate by oral gavage for 3 days. On day 4 the stomachs were removed and analysed. Levels of oxidative stress markers were assessed.

Results
There was no evidence of acute or subacute toxicity of the infusate. Histological analysis of the stomach showed a healing effect of the infusate in both male and female rats. With regard to nitrite malonyl dialdehyde and reduced glutathione levels, there was no statistical difference between the rats of both sexes receiving Garcinia kola compared to the normal rats. The catalase level tended to be similar between treated and untreated females. The treated male with both Garcinia kola and omeprazole tended to normalize the level of catalase when compared to the normal animal.

Conclusion
The Garcinia kola seed infusate was found to possess anti-ulcer and antioxidant properties.
The role of the somatosensory system in the feeling of emotions: a neurostimulation study
Authors: Giraud Michelle , Javadi Amir-Homayoun , Lenatti Carmen , Allen John , Tamè Luigi , Nava Elena 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Emotional experiences deeply impact our bodily states, such as when we feel ‘anger’, our fists close and our face burns. Recent studies have shown that emotions can be mapped onto specific body areas, suggesting a possible role of the primary somatosensory system (S1) in emotion processing. To date, however, the causal role of S1 in emotion generation remains unclear. To address this question, we applied transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on the S1 at different frequencies (beta, theta, and sham) while participants saw emotional stimuli with different degrees of pleasantness and levels of arousal. Results showed that modulation of S1 influenced subjective emotional ratings as a function of the frequency applied. While theta and beta-tACS made participants rate the emotional images as more pleasant (higher valence), only theta-tACS lowered the subjective arousal ratings (more calming). Skin conductance responses recorded throughout the experiment confirmed a different arousal for pleasant versus unpleasant stimuli. Our study revealed that S1 has a causal role in the feeling of emotions, adding new insight into the embodied nature of emotions. Importantly, we provided causal evidence that beta and theta frequencies contribute differently to the modulation of two dimensions of emotions—arousal and valence—corroborating the view of a dissociation between these two dimensions of emotions.
The phylogenetic position of Hyperolius sankuruensis (Anura: Hyperoliidae) reveals biogeographical affinity between the central Congo and West Africa, and illuminates the taxonomy of Hyperolius concolor
Authors: Nečas Tadeáš , Kielgast Jos , Chinemerem Ikechukwu G , Rödel Mark-Oliver , Dolinay Matej , Gvoždík Václav 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
African reed frogs (Hyperolius, Hyperoliidae) represent a hyperdiverse genus of arboreal frogs, known for their high intraspecific variation and interspecific similarity. Many recent publications have offered phylogenetic reconstructions and revisions of the genus or specific species groups or complexes. However, there are still many taxa known only from a limited number of localities and collected material that still await molecular evaluation and validation. Among these is H. sankuruensis, a species formally known only from the type locality in the central Congo Basin. The results of our phylogenetic analyses showed this central Congolian taxon to be related to an undescribed species from southwestern Gabon, and unexpectedly to a group of West African species. The West African species also include the widespread H. concolor, which presently comprises three geographically separated subspecies, H. c. concolor occurring west of the Dahomey Gap, H. c. ibadanensis known from Nigeria, and H. c. guttatus from southwestern Cameroon. Species delimitation based on both mitochondrial and nuclear data, together with morphological analyses, found sufficient differences among the three subspecies to elevate them to species status. In addition, the species groups of one of the three major clades within the genus Hyperolius are revised.