bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of stress appraisal on the quality of life of adult patients with multiple myeloma and their primary family caregivers in Korea
Authors: La In Seo , Yun Eun Kyoung 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundModern treatment for multiple myeloma (MM) has improved disease control and prolonged survival; thus, maintenance of quality of life (QoL) is considered a great concern for MM patients and their caregivers. The purpose of this study was to identify dyadic associations between stress appraisal and the QoL of patients with MM and their caregivers in Korea.MethodsA total of 102 MM patient‐caregiver dyads participated in this study. They independently reported their stress appraisal and QoL. The study was guided by a transactional model of stress and coping, and analyzed by using the actor‐partner interdependence model.ResultsThe results revealed good data adjustment with acceptable indices: χ2 = 6.211 (df = 6), CFI = 0.999, TLI = 0.994, RMSEA = 0.019, and SRMR = 0.043. MM patients' QoL were significantly correlated with caregivers' QoL. The stress appraisals of patients and caregivers mutually influenced each other's QoL. The patients' illness perception and the caregivers' burden were strong predictors for their QoL. The self‐efficacy of patients and caregivers was also associated with their QoL.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the way patients and caregivers perceive and respond to stress plays a significant role in their QoL during the treatment experience. Interventions designed to reconstruct negative perspectives and improve self‐efficacy may help both patients and caregivers to improve their QoL.
Imidacloprid seed treatments affect individual ant behavior and community structure but not egg predation, pest abundance or soybean yield
Authors: Penn Hannah J , Dale Andrew M 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDNeonicotinoid seed treatments are under scrutiny because of their variable efficacy against crop pests and for their potential negative impacts on non‐target organisms. Ants provide important biocontrol services in agroecosystems and can be indicators of ecosystem health. This study tested for effects of exposure to imidacloprid plus fungicide or fungicide‐treated seeds on individual ant survival, locomotion and foraging capabilities and on field ant community structure, pest abundance, ant predation and yield.RESULTSCohorts of ants exposed to either type of treated seed had impaired locomotion and a higher incidence of morbidity and mortality but no loss of foraging capacity. In the field, we saw no difference in ant species richness, regardless of seed treatment. Blocks with imidacloprid did have higher species evenness and diversity, probably owing to variable effects of the insecticide on different ant species, particularly Tetramorium caespitum. Ant predation on sentinel eggs, pest abundance and soybean growth and yield were similar in the two treatments.CONCLUSIONBoth seed treatments had lethal and sublethal effects on ant individuals, and the influence of imidacloprid seed coating in the field was manifested in altered ant community composition. Those effects, however, were not strong enough to affect egg predation, pest abundance or soybean yield in field blocks. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Robust non‐fragile control for delayed singular Markovian jump systems with actuator saturation and partially unknown transition probabilities
Authors: Yang Guowei , Xie Jing , Kao Yonggui , Wang Changhong 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThe paper is devoted to the investigation of the problem of robust non‐fragile
control for singular Markovian jump systems with time‐varying delay and saturating actuators under partially unknown transition probabilities. By employing a Lyapunow function, a mode‐dependent robust non‐fragile
state feedback controller, as well as an estimate of the domain of attraction in the mean square sense, is derived to guarantee stochastic admissibility of the corresponding closed‐loop system with actuator saturation. The controller parameters can be obtained by solving a series of linear matrix inequalities. An illustrative example is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Random access schemes for satellite networks, from VSAT to M2M: a survey
Authors: De Gaudenzi Riccardo , Del Rio Herrero Oscar , Gallinaro Gennaro , Cioni Stefano , Arapoglou Pantelis‐Daniel 
Published: December 2016

SummaryIn this survey paper, we review the random access (RA) techniques with particular emphasis on the issues and the possible solutions applicable to satellite networks. RA dates back to the 1970s when the ALOHA protocol was developed to solve the problem of interconnecting university computers located in different Hawaiian islands. Since then, several evolutions of the ALOHA protocol have been developed. In particular, solutions were devised to mitigate the problem of packet collisions severely degrading the RA protocols performance. The approach followed for many years has been to avoid the occurrence of collisions rather than solving them. More recently, techniques tackling the RA packet collision problem have appeared triggered by the need of improving RA performance in satellite and terrestrial wireless networks. In particular, satellite networks large propagation delay does not allow the adoption of enhanced terrestrial RA techniques based on channel sensing. Adopting conventional demand assignment multiple access protocols is not suitable for supporting a large number of sensors or devices transmitting small‐size low duty cycle packets as required for machine‐to‐machine communications. This provided the stimulus to exploit successive interference cancelation schemes to solve packet collision issues. The use of successive interference cancelation in RA is relatively new and has opened up a promising research area. We provide an extensive review of recent high‐performance RA techniques achieving more than three orders of magnitude throughput increase compared with the original ALOHA at low packet loss rate. In this survey, we cover both slotted and unslotted techniques. Finally, we review the use of RA in satellite systems and related standards including recent proposals for machine‐to‐machine applications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zur katalytischen Bildung von Nitrilen aus Kohlenwasserstoffen, Ammoniak und Luft in der Gasphase (Ammoxydation);: Zum Reaktionsverlauf der Ammoxydation
Authors: Seeboth Helmuth , Rieche Alfred 
Published: December 2016

AbstractEs wird zusammenfassend über eigene Arbeiten zum Reaktionsablauf der Ammoxydation berichtet. Unter optimalen Bedingungen ist diese Dreikomponentenreaktion als eine dehydrierende Ammonolyse aufzufassen, bei der sauerstoffhaltige Zwischenstufen keine entscheidende Rolle spielen.
Medical Image Retrieval Using Vector Quantization and Fuzzy S-tree
Authors: Nowaková Jana , Prílepok Michal , Snášel Václav 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe aim of the article is to present a novel method for fuzzy medical image retrieval (FMIR) using vector quantization (VQ) with fuzzy signatures in conjunction with fuzzy S-trees. In past times, a task of similar pictures searching was not based on searching for similar content (e.g. shapes, colour) of the pictures but on the picture name. There exist some methods for the same purpose, but there is still some space for development of more efficient methods. The proposed image retrieval system is used for finding similar images, in our case in the medical area – in mammography, in addition to the creation of the list of similar images – cases. The created list is used for assessing the nature of the finding – whether the medical finding is malignant or benign. The suggested method is compared to the method using Normalized Compression Distance (NCD) instead of fuzzy signatures and fuzzy S-tree. The method with NCD is useful for the creation of the list of similar cases for malignancy assessment, but it is not able to capture the area of interest in the image. The proposed method is going to be added to the complex decision support system to help to determine appropriate healthcare according to the experiences of similar, previous cases.
The correlation between white matter hyperintensity and balance disorder and fall risk: An observational, prospective cohort study
Authors: Shen Dong‐Chao , Wu Shuo‐Lin , Shi Yu‐Zhi , Wang Shuo , Zhang Yu‐Mei , Wang Chun‐Xue 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe presence of an association between white matter hyperintensity (WMH) and the risk of falls in older people is uncertain, with little supporting prospective evidence available at present. We aimed to determine whether WMH was associated with dysfunctions of balance and gait, and other sensorimotor factors leading to falls, and the independent factors related to falls in older Chinese people. The protective effect of exercise against falls was also addressed.MethodsIn a representative sample of hospital‐based individuals aged 50 years and older in China, the patients' history of falls, magnetic resonance imaging data, scores on the 9‐item Berg Balance Scale (BBS‐9) test and timed up‐and‐go test (TUGT), and sensorimotor measures of computerized dynamic posturography (CDP) were analyzed. Incident falls were recorded prospectively over a 12‐month period. Using regression modeling, the association between the risk of falls and baseline WMH was estimated.ResultsOnly individuals with severe WMH were at an increased risk of falls, and CDP was more sensitive than BBS‐9 in detecting WMH‐related balance and gait dysfunction. However, WMH was not an independent predictor of falls. Taller height and overweight or obese body habitus were identified as novel protective factors for falls. Female, fall history, and increased TUGT score were identified as independent risk factors for falls in older Chinese people.ConclusionAlthough WMH was associated with an increased risk of falls, it was not an independent predictor.
Effect of BKCa Channel Opener LDD175 on Erectile Function in an In Vivo Diabetic Rat Model
Authors: Sung Hyun Hwan , Kang Su Jeong , Chae Mee Ree , Kim Hye Kyung , Park Jong Kwan , Kim Chul Young , Lee Sung Won 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Introduction
The development of novel therapeutic options is imperative in patients with erectile dysfunction, especially those non-responsive to phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors. LDD175, a potent BKCa channel opener, has a relaxation effect on the in vitro cavernosal smooth muscle strip.

Aim
To investigate the effect of LDD175 on erectile function using in vivo animal disease model.

Methods
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to a normal control group and seven diabetic groups: diabetic control, sildenafil (1 and 5 mg/kg), LDD175 (5 and 10 mg/kg), LDD175 5 mg/kg plus sildenafil 1 mg/kg, and LDD175 10 mg/kg plus tetraethylammonium.

Main Outcome Measures
Intracavernosal pressure (ICP), ratio of ICP to mean arterial pressure (MAP), and the area under curve of ICP/MAP of eight groups were compared using in vivo pelvic nerve stimulation.

Results
The ICP, ICP/MAP ratio, and area under curve of the ICP/MAP ratio of the normal control rats increased with an increase in electrical field stimulation voltage. All parameters in the diabetic control group were significantly lower than those in the normal control rats, with an electrical field stimulation ranging from 1 to 5 V (P &lt; .05). LDD175 improved the erectile response in diabetic rats in a dose-dependent manner. The combination of sildenafil (1 mg/kg) and LDD175 (5 mg/kg) showed a significant additive effect (P &lt; .05) on the improvement of erectile function compared with sildenafil (1 mg/kg) alone. The enhancement of erectile function by LDD175 was completely blocked by tetraethylammonium.

Conclusion
The results showed that the BKCa channel opener LDD175 improved erectile function in an in vivo diabetic rat model. Furthermore, combination therapy of LDD175 and sildenafil had an additive effect on the improvement of erectile function in diabetic rats. LDD175 could be a new candidate for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.
Dynamic swallowing study for globus patients
Authors: Li Jinrang , Zhang Jie , Guo Pengfei , Tian Shiyu , Li Keliang 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveTo examine whether pharyngeal swallowing function is impaired in globus patients with swallowing difficulty by dynamic swallowing study.MethodsDynamic swallowing studies were performed on 80 normal adult volunteers and 33 globus patients with swallowing difficulty. Objective parameters such as maximum displacement of the hyoid bone, pharyngeal transit time, pharyngeal constriction ratio, and maximum opening of the esophageal entrance were measured, which were closely associated with the pharyngeal swallowing function in the swallowing process.ResultsThere were no significant differences between globus patients and normal adults in hyoid bone displacement, pharyngeal transit time, pharyngeal constriction ratio, or maximum opening of the esophageal entrance (p > 0.05).ConclusionThe results of the dynamic swallowing study indicated that the pharyngeal swallowing function of globus patients was not impaired.
“Providing a Roof” and More to Communities Affected by Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines: the Médecins Sans Frontières Experience
Authors: Ali Engy , Ferir Marie-Christine , Reid Tony , Gray Henry , Van Den Boogaard Wilma , Gonzales Christopher , Zachariah Rony 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectivesTyphoon Haiyan hit the Philippines in November 2013 and left a trail of destruction. As part of its emergency response, Médecins Sans Frontières distributed materials for reconstructing houses and boats as standardized kits to be shared between households. Community engagement was sought and communities were empowered in deciding how to make the distributions. We aimed to answer, Was this effective and what lessons were learned?MethodsA cross-sectional survey using a semi-structured questionnaire was conducted in May 2014 and included all community leaders and 269 households in 22 barangays (community administrative areas).ResultsAll houses were affected by the typhoon, of which 182 (68%) were totally damaged. All households reported having received and used the housing material. However, in 238 (88%) house repair was incomplete because the materials provided were insufficient or inappropriate for the required repairs.ConclusionThis experience of emergency mass distribution of reconstruction or repair materials of houses and boats led by the local community was encouraging. The use of “standardized kits” resulted in equity issues, because households were subjected to variable degrees of damage. A possible way out is to follow up the emergency distribution with a needs assessment and a tailored distribution. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:285–289)
REASONS TO BELIEVE AND REASONS TO ACT
Authors: Cohen Stewart 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTI consider the structural differences between reasons to believe and reasons to act. I argue that Mark Schroeder's project of providing a unified account of reasons to believe and reasons to act faces serious difficulties. I also investigate the difference between rational requirement and rational permission. While the difference between these notions in the case of action is a matter of the strength of one's reasons, I argue that in the case of belief, the difference depends on what one is attending to.
WHAT IS TRANSMISSION*?
Authors: Greco John 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTAlmost everyone agrees that knowledge can be transmitted via testimony, but only some think that transmission is a special phenomenon, and one that has been largely neglected in epistemology. Let's call this “special transmission,” or transmission*. This paper offers a positive proposal for characterizing transmission*, and then considers a radical theoretical option: that an adequate account of transmission* cannot be given in traditional epistemological categories. In that case, traditional epistemological theories are best conceived as explaining knowledge generation rather than knowledge transmission*.
DELIBERATION AND PREDICTION: IT'S COMPLICATED
Authors: Vavova Katia 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTAlan Hájek launches a formidable attack on the idea that deliberation crowds out prediction – that when we are deliberating about what to do, we cannot rationally accommodate evidence about what we are likely to do. Although Hájek rightly diagnoses the problems with some of the arguments for the view, his treatment falls short in crucial ways. In particular, he fails to consider the most plausible version of the view, the best argument for it, and why anyone would ever believe it in the first place. In doing so, he misses a deep puzzle about deliberation and prediction – a puzzle which all of us, as agents, face, and which we may be able to resolve by recognizing the complicated relationship between deliberation and prediction.
WHAT DOES “EPISTEMIC” MEAN?
Authors: Hazlett Allan 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTIn this paper I consider the meaning of the term “epistemic.” I discuss the idea that “epistemic” means “of or relating to knowledge,” and consider some uses of “epistemic” that do not jibe with this characterization of its meaning. I argue that “epistemic” is ambiguous: it is sometimes used to mean “of or relating to knowledge” and sometimes to mean “of or relating to belief.” I raise some worries about this ambiguity, and sympathetically consider the prospects for eliminating “epistemic” from our philosophical lexicon.
EPISTEMIC AUTHORITY, EPISTEMIC PREEMPTION, AND THE INTELLECTUAL VIRTUES
Authors: Wright Sarah 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTHow does the intellectually virtuous person respond to the beliefs of those whom they judge to be their epistemic superiors? Linda Zagzebski argues that we ought to take the beliefs of those we judge to be our epistemic authorities as a preemptive reason to believe the same. Zagzebski's argument for this preemption is intended to be an extension of Joseph Raz's argument for political authority. After exploring Zagzebski's specific formulation of epistemic preemption, I argue that epistemic authority is significantly different from political authority; hence Raz's arguments cannot be extended to the epistemic case. Further, I demonstrate that a virtue epistemic perspective will recommend against epistemic preemption. Such preemption brings about a problematic closed-mindedness to ourselves and is an extreme reaction more suited to epistemic vice than to epistemic virtue.
CONCILIATIONISM AND MORAL SPINELESSNESS
Authors: Fritz James 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a challenge to conciliationist views of disagreement. I argue that conciliationists cannot satisfactorily explain why we need not revise our beliefs in response to certain moral disagreements. Conciliationists can attempt to meet this challenge in one of two ways. First, they can individuate disputes narrowly. This allows them to argue that we have dispute-independent reason to distrust our opponents’ moral judgment. This approach threatens to license objectionable dogmatism. It also inappropriately gives deep epistemic significance to superficial questions about how to think about the subject matter of a dispute. Second, conciliationists can individuate disputes widely. This allows them to argue that we lack dispute-independent reason to trust our opponents’ moral judgment. But such arguments fail; our background of generally shared moral beliefs gives us good reason to trust the moral judgment of our opponents, even after we set quite a bit of our reasoning aside. On either approach, then, conciliationists should acknowledge that we have dispute-independent reason to trust the judgment of those who reject our moral beliefs. Given a conciliationist view of disagreement's epistemic role, this has the unattractive result that we are epistemically required to revise some of our most intuitively secure moral beliefs.
SELF-REGULATION AND KNOWLEDGE HOW
Authors: Elzinga Benjamin 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTIn the 1940s, Gilbert Ryle argued for anti-intellectualism about know how. More recently, new intellectualists have challenged the canonical status of Ryle's arguments, and in the ensuing debate Ryleans appear to be on their back foot. However, contributors on both sides of the debate tend to ignore or misconstrue Ryle's own positive account of know how. In this paper, I develop two aspects of Ryle's positive account that have been overlooked. For Ryle, S knows how to Φ iff (1) S is able to reliably live up to the norms for Φ-ing, and (2) S Φ’s responsibly. In the first half of the paper, I argue that the two conditions rule out the various counter-examples to the simple ability view attributed to Ryle. In the second half of the paper, I argue that Ryle's second condition provides us with an account of warrant related to know how.
Investigation of symmetry breaking in periodic gravity–capillary waves
Authors: Gao T. , Wang Z. , Vanden-Broeck J.-M. 
Published: December 2016

In this paper, fully nonlinear non-symmetric periodic gravity–capillary waves propagating at the surface of an inviscid and incompressible fluid are investigated. This problem was pioneered analytically by Zufiria (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 184, 1987c, pp. 183–206) and numerically by Shimizu & Shōji (Japan J. Ind. Appl. Maths, vol. 29 (2), 2012, pp. 331–353). We use a numerical method based on conformal mapping and series truncation to search for new solutions other than those shown in Zufiria (1987c) and Shimizu & Shōji (2012). It is found that, in the case of infinite-depth, non-symmetric waves with two to seven peaks within one wavelength exist and they all appear via symmetry-breaking bifurcations. Fully exploring these waves by changing the parameters yields the discovery of new types of non-symmetric solutions which form isolated branches without symmetry-breaking points. The existence of non-symmetric waves in water of finite depth is also confirmed, by using the value of the streamfunction at the bottom as the continuation parameter.
Herbivorous dinosaur jaw disparity and its relationship to extrinsic evolutionary drivers
Authors: MacLaren Jamie A. , Anderson Philip S. L. , Barrett Paul M. , Rayfield Emily J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMorphological responses of nonmammalian herbivores to external ecological drivers have not been quantified over extended timescales. Herbivorous nonavian dinosaurs are an ideal group to test for such responses, because they dominated terrestrial ecosystems for more than 155 Myr and included the largest herbivores that ever existed. The radiation of dinosaurs was punctuated by several ecologically important events, including extinctions at the Triassic/Jurassic (Tr/J) and Jurassic/Cretaceous (J/K) boundaries, the decline of cycadophytes, and the origin of angiosperms, all of which may have had profound consequences for herbivore communities. Here we present the first analysis of morphological and biomechanical disparity for sauropodomorph and ornithischian dinosaurs in order to investigate patterns of jaw shape and function through time. We find that morphological and biomechanical mandibular disparity are decoupled: mandibular shape disparity follows taxonomic diversity, with a steady increase through the Mesozoic. By contrast, biomechanical disparity builds to a peak in the Late Jurassic that corresponds to increased functional variation among sauropods. The reduction in biomechanical disparity following this peak coincides with the J/K extinction, the associated loss of sauropod and stegosaur diversity, and the decline of cycadophytes. We find no specific correspondence between biomechanical disparity and the proliferation of angiosperms. Continual ecological and functional replacement of pre-existing taxa accounts for disparity patterns through much of the Cretaceous, with the exception of several unique groups, such as psittacosaurids that are never replaced in their biomechanical or morphological profiles.