bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ayasofya yeniyken... Açılışı yapıldığında Bazilikanın renkli Süslemeleri (24 Aralık 562)
Authors: Chuvin Pierre 
Published: October 2016

Nous avons la chance unique de posséder le poème qui fut récité lors de la cérémonie de seconde inauguration de Sainte-Sophie, à la Noël 562, presque à la fin du règne de Justinien. Ce poème est un panégyrique de l’empereur et du patriarche, et une description, sur certains points très fouillée, de la basilique. Il a le caractère d’une œuvre officielle. Nous pouvons donc être sûrs de son exactitude, étant donné l’importance de l’occasion et son caractère immédiatement vérifiable, qui fait de Sainte-Sophie le seul monument de l’Antiquité dont l’aspect initial nous soit connu avec un tel détail.Or on est frappé, en lisant le poème de Paul, par la place très limitée qui est faite à la décoration figurée : celle-ci n’est mentionnée qu’à la barrière du chœur. La seule conclusion que l’on puisse et doive en tirer, c’est que, pour l’essentiel au moins, la décoration de Sainte-Sophie, initialement, n’était pas figurée. Comme aujourd’hui, elle résultait surtout d’un assemblage savant de marbres polychromes et du jeu de la lumière sur ceux-ci. Paul l’indique de manière tout à fait explicite.Bien plus : il nous donne lui-même un certain nombre de clés pour interpréter ce décor abstrait dans un sens religieux et même mystique. À travers les expressions qu’il emploie, l’église, par les couleurs et les veines de ses matériaux, par ses formes et ses volumes, devient à la fois une métaphore du corps du Christ, triomphant et souffrant, et une réduction de l’univers. Les images de Paul trouvent leur répondant dans la littérature religieuse des siècles suivants et nous invitent à ne jamais oublier que nous nous trouvons dans un édifice sacré, chargé d’une spiritualité qui dépasse de loin la prouesse technique et la glorification impériale, l’une et l’autre néanmoins présentes dans l’immense vaisseau.
Missionnaires de l’Islam en Asie centrale
Authors: Balcı Bayram 
Published: October 2016

À l’heure où la Turquie frappe aux portes de l’Union Européenne, elle développe en parallèle une stratégie d’influence dans les républiques turcophones de l’ex-URSS, où sa présence économique et culturelle se renforce depuis le début des années 90. Cette présence turque en Asie centrale est largement l’œuvre d’une puissante organisation religieuse, dirigée par l’énigmatique Fethullah Gülen, longtemps prêcheur officiel au service de l’État turc et actuellement en exil volontaire aux États-Unis.

Charismatique et visionnaire, Gülen a choisi l’éducation comme vecteur de son expansion. Aujourd’hui, son mouvement est présent dans toutes les républiques d’Asie centrale : Ouzbékistan, Kazakhstan, Kirghizistan, Turkménistan et Tadjikistan où ses disciples animent un vaste réseau d’écoles privées. À long terme, ces « jésuites de l’islam turc » projettent de former les nouvelles élites centre-asiatiques qui réislamiseront les populations locales, longtemps soumises à la propagande athée soviétique. Cette entreprise a su se concilier l’appui tacite des gouvernement locaux et des puissances extérieures – Turquie et États-Unis notamment – qui craignent l’implantation d’éléments islamistes plus radicaux, d’obédience saoudienne.

L'ouvrage a été traduit en turc sous le titre Orta Asya'da İslâm misyonerleri. Fethullah Gülen okulları aux éditions Iletişim.
Noblesse seconde et pouvoir en Champagne aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles
Authors: Bourquin Laurent 
Published: October 2016

À cause de sa situation frontalière, la Champagne des XVIe et XVIIe siècles revêt une importance stratégique de premier ordre pour la monarchie. Afin d'en organiser la défense pour protéger le coeur de son royaume, François I er confie à quelques nobles provinciaux, dès les années 1530, de solides pouvoirs militaires tout en les comblant de faveurs pour s'en attacher la loyauté. Cette « noblesse seconde », qui connaît bien le terrain et les réseaux nobiliaires de son pays, parvient très vite à se rendre indispensable, car au cours des guerres de religion, elle réussit à préserver l'influence du roi en Champagne.

Étoffée et soutenue par la couronne jusqu'au premier tiers du XVIIe siècle, elle est alors le relais essentiel entre l'État, les grands et les gentilshommes ruraux, animée par une conception du pouvoir qui conjugue la protection de son territoire et la fidélité envers le souverain. Les premières atteintes à son prestige régional se produisent à l'époque de richelieu, même si elle joue encore un rôle déterminant pour encadrer l'armée qui doit faire face aux Habsbourg dans le Nord-Est. Dès lors, et malgré la Fronde, qui la rétablit un temps comme pilier de l'autorité royale en Champagne, elle ne parvient pas à s'intégrer solidement dans les nouveaux rouages de l'absolutisme.

Sous Louis XIV, alors que les conflits s'éloignent, la noblesse seconde se voit contrainte de prendre part à des opérations qui la déracinent de ses terres. Elle se dilue ainsi dans les troupes du roi et perd ce qui faisait jusqu'alors son originalité : le pouvoir local. Étayé par les sources les plus diverses, cet ouvrage balise des pistes nouvelles permettant de mieux comprendre le rôle politique tenu par la noblesse au cours de la première modernité.
Infirmières parisiennes
Authors: Chevandier Christian 
Published: October 2016

En 1900, les mots « infirmier » et « infirmière » étaient utilisés pour nommer le personnel non qualifié de l’hôpital et avaient le même sens que « garçon desalle » et « fille de salle ». En 1950, le terme n’est plus que féminin et désigne des travailleuses qualifiées dont la formation initiale assez longue a été certifiée par un diplôme d’État. Quelles ont été les raisons de cette mutation, qui a accompagné l’évolution de la médecine hospitalière et du droit de l’assistance ? Comment ce phénomène s’inscrit-il dans l’évolution de la société française de la première moitié du XXe siècle ? Pourquoi est-ce dans les hôpitaux de l’Assistance publique de Paris que cette dynamique a été forte au point que ses choix ont entraîné l’ensemble du secteur hospitalier du pays ? Comment cette professionnalisation s’est-elle effectuée ? Quelles ont été ses conséquences sur la vie de ces femmes ?

Cet ouvrage associe une approche quantitative précise de l’institution hospitalière parisienne à l’étude des destins individuels de seize femmes soignantes. Par un jeu d’échelles, l’auteur définit le rôle de différents facteurs (l’origine géographique, le milieu social, la formation, le marché du travail, les guerres, etc.) dans la conception d’un métier qualifié.

Afin de préciser les spécificités parisiennes, un chapitre est consacré à un autre grand ensemble hospitalier, les Hospices civils de Lyon, ce qui nous permet de suivre jusqu’à nos jours un groupe professionnel proche de celui des infirmières créé dans les années 1930 pour se substituer aux religieuses qui disparaissaient. L’auteur présente un groupe social de femmes dynamiques, confrontées aux difficultés de la vie mais aussi à un exercice professionnel passionnant, dont le tableau nous est ainsi brossé, sans que soit laissé de côté l’impact de la gestion menée par l’administration hospitalière.
Accumulation of CD11c+CD163+ Adipose Tissue Macrophages through Upregulation of Intracellular 11β-HSD1 in Human Obesity
Authors: Nakajima Shotaro , Koh Vivien , Kua Ley-Fang , So Jimmy , Davide Lomanto , Lim Kee Siang , Petersen Sven Hans , Yong Wei-Peng , Shabbir Asim , Kono Koji 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) macrophages (ATMs) are key players for regulation of AT homeostasis and obesity-related metabolic disorders. However, the phenotypes of human ATMs and regulatory mechanisms of their polarization have not been clearly described. In this study, we investigated human ATMs in both abdominal visceral AT and s.c. AT and proposed an 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1)–glucocorticoid receptor regulatory axis that might dictate M1/M2 polarization in ATMs. The accumulation of CD11c+CD163+ ATMs in both visceral AT and s.c. AT of obese individuals was confirmed at the cellular level and was found to be clearly correlated with body mass index and production of reactive oxygen species. Using our in vitro system where human peripheral blood monocytes (hPBMs) were cocultured with Simpson–Golabi–Behmel syndrome adipocytes, M1/M2 polarization was found to be dependent on 11β-HSD1, an intracellular glucocorticoid reactivating enzyme. Exposure of hPBMs to cortisol-induced expression of CD163 and RU-486, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, significantly abrogated CD163 expression through coculture of mature adipocytes with hPBMs. Moreover, 11β-HSD1 was expressed in crown ATMs in obese AT. Importantly, conditioned medium from coculture of adipocytes with hPBMs enhanced proliferation of human breast cancer MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. In summary, the phenotypic switch of ATMs from M2 to mixed M1/M2 phenotype occurred through differentiation of adipocytes in obese individuals, and upregulation of intracellular 11β-HSD1 might play a role in the process.
Circulating Soluble IL-6R but Not ADAM17 Activation Drives Mononuclear Cell Migration in Tissue Inflammation
Authors: Schumacher Neele , Schmidt Stefanie , Schwarz Jeanette , Dohr Dana , Lokau Juliane , Scheller Jürgen , Garbers Christoph , Chalaris Athena , Rose-John Stefan , Rabe Björn 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Neutrophil and mononuclear cell infiltration during inflammatory processes is highly regulated. The first cells at the site of infection or inflammation are neutrophils, followed by mononuclear cells. IL-6 plays an important role during inflammatory states. It has been shown in several models that the soluble form of IL-6R (sIL-6R) is involved in the recruitment of mononuclear cells by a mechanism called IL-6 trans-signaling. It had been speculated that sIL-6R was generated at the site of inflammation by shedding from neutrophils via activation of the metalloprotease ADAM17. Attempts to genetically delete the floxed ADAM17 gene selectively in myeloid cells infiltrating an air pouch cavity upon injection of carrageenan failed because in transgenic mice, LysMcre did not lead to appreciable loss of the ADAM17 protein in these cells. We therefore used ADAM17 hypomorphic mice, which only express ∼5% of ADAM17 wild-type levels in all tissues and show virtually no shedding of all tested ADAM17 substrates, to clarify the role of ADAM17 during local inflammation in the murine air pouch model. In the present study, we demonstrate that although IL-6 and the trans-signaling mechanism is mandatory for cellular infiltration in this model, it is not ADAM17-mediated shedding of IL-6R within the pouch that orchestrates this inflammatory process. Instead, we demonstrate that sIL-6R is infiltrating from the circulation in an ADAM17-independent process. Our data suggest that this infiltrating sIL-6R, which is needed for IL-6 trans-signaling, is involved in the controlled resolution of an acute inflammatory episode.
What Matters in Higher Education A meta-analysis of a decade of learning design
Authors: Lloyd Margaret , Bahr Nan 
Published: October 2016

<p class="JLDAbstract">The Journal of Learning Design (JLD) has had a relatively short history of open-access peer-reviewed publication in the broad field of multidisciplinary pedagogy and learning design in higher education with a focus on the innovative use of technology. It began in 2005 and its decade of publication has coincided with a period of great volatility in higher education largely wrought by technology and changes in the demographics and location of our student populations. During this decade, learning design has received growing attention as educational institutions have grappled with shifts to blended learning, incorporation of Web 2.0 technologies in course offerings, and conduct of fully online program suites. MOOCs, certification and badging have swept us off our feet at the same time as increasing scrutiny has been applied to ensure program quality and more efficient delivery methods. The Journal of Learning Design (JLD) has been a contemporaneous witness to this period of change and, along with others of its ilk, has provided an authentic discourse of how our authors, who identify as system leaders, academics and learning designers, have addressed the challenge of a changing learning environment.</p>
De Wet raadgevend referendum in de praktijk
Authors: Weesing-Loeber L.H.M. , Breunese H.M.B. 
Published: October 2016

De Wet raadgevend referendum in de praktijk
Iets meer dan een jaar geleden is de Wet raadgevend referendum (Wrr) in werking getreden. In dit artikel wordt teruggekeken op dat jaar. Allereerst wordt kort de systematiek van de Wrr uiteengezet. Daarna wordt bezien hoe de wetgever omgaat met de referendabiliteit van wetten en het gebruik van de spoedprocedure uit artikel 12 Wrr. De bijdrage beschrijft tevens in hoeveel gevallen er daadwerkelijk verzoeken tot het houden van een referendum zijn gedaan. Ten slotte gaat het artikel in op de praktische lessen die geleerd kunnen worden van het eerste referendum dat op grond van deze wet is gehouden en op de suggesties die zijn gedaan om de Wrr aan te passen.
Chromatographic Analysis of a Multicomponent Mixture of B1, B6, B12, Benfotiamine, and Diclofenac; Part I: HPLC and UPLC Methods for the Simultaneous Quantification of These Five Components in Tablets and Capsules
Authors: Fayed Ahmed Salah , Hegazy Maha Abdel-Monem , Wahab Nada Sayed Abdel 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
New, simple, highly sensitive, precise, and accurate gradient reversed-phase chromatographic methods were developed using HPLC and ultra-HPLC (UPLC) systems for the determination of five components, namely thiamine, pyridoxine, cyanocobalamin, benfotiamine, and diclofenac in tablets and capsules. The methods were compared for their efficiency in the separation and determination of these five compounds using two different C18 columns (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm; and 100 × 4.6 mm, 2.6 μm) for HPLC and UPLC, respectively. Chromatographic separation was performed with a mobile phase containing acetonitrile and 0.025 M phosphate buffer (pH 3.5), with a gradient program and a flow rate of 1.5 and 1.0 mL/min for both methods, respectively. The methods were validated according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. Linearity was achieved in the range of 5.00 to 150.00 μg/mL for each of the five compounds. Ruggedness and intermediate precision were confirmed by different analysts on different columns on different days. Moreover, the components were subjected to an accelerated stability study under acidic, alkaline, and oxidative stress conditions and no interfering peaks were observed. The five compounds were efficiently separated in &lt;20 min by HPLC, whereas for UPLC, separation was achieved in &lt;8 min, which dramatically decreased the consumption of organic solvents.
Determination of Withanolides in Withania somnifera by Liquid Chromatography: Single-Laboratory Validation, First Action 2015.17
Authors: Koshy Rojison , Anand Mayachari Shivanand , Murali Balasubramanian , Brunelle Sharon L 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
An LC method was developed and validated in 2007 for analyzing Withania somnifera raw material (root) and dried extracts for withanolide content, including withanoside IV, withanoside V, withaferin A, 12-deoxywithastromonolide, withanolide A, and withanolide B. The method involved the extraction of the analytes with methanol, their subsequent filtration, and then analysis on a C18 column with an acetonitrile gradient and UV detection. Single-laboratory validation yielded linearity generally in the range of 20 to 200 μg/mL for each analyte, with a repeatability precision of RSD &lt; 3% in most cases, and recovery in the range of 90 to 105%. These results compare well with the performance criteria recently detailed in AOAC Standard Method Performance Requirement 2015.007. The method was shown to be rugged with respect to different analysts, equipment, and days of analysis, and the sample solution was shown to be stable for 24 h at room temperature after extraction. The method was reviewed by the AOAC Expert Review Panel on Dietary Supplements (Set 2 Ingredients) and approved for First Action Official MethodSM status.
A microbiological and physical-chemical based evaluation of artisanal Minas cheese production in Rio Paranaíba city, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Guimarães Nasser Vinícius , Evangelista Visôtto Liliane , Martins Campos Fábio , De Barros Fernandes Regiane Victória , Alvarenga Botrel Diego 
Published: October 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological and physical-chemical features of the water and milk used in the preparation of artisanal cheese produced in seven dairies, located in Rio Paranaíba, Minas Gerais, Brazil, in order to ascertain the conformity of these parameters with the current legislation. Physical-chemical analyzes of water (alkalinity, acidity, residual chlorine, chlorine and pH), milk (fat, protein, total solids, nonfat dry extract, acidity, cryoscopy and density) and cheese (moisture content, presence of starch and alkaline phosphatase) were performed. Also, it was determined the most probable number of coliform at 30 °C, at 45 °C and mesophilic count in the samples of water, milk and cheese. Cheese weight, diameter and height were also determined to verify the patterning of the physical format of cheeses. The water used by dairies showed satisfactory microbiological characteristics. However, the water in properties 2 and 7 showed mean values of alkalinity approximately 2 times higher and lower than the recommended range (10 to 50 mg CaCO3.L-1), respectively. Considering the confidence intervals, no water sample showed satisfactory results for alkalinity and residual chlorine determinations. With regards to raw milk samples, three samples showed mesophilic bacteria count greater than 1 x 105 CFU/mL (property 1, 5 and 7), whereas four and two samples showed number of coliforms at 30 °C and at 45 °C higher than 1100 NMP/mL, respectively. The milk produced in the property 2 showed confidence interval values for density (1.033 to 1.035), above the recommended limit. In addition, the confidence interval for the freezing point of milk in all properties were out of recommended values (-0.550 to -0.530 °H). Seventy-five percent of the cheeses had coliform counts at 30 °C greater than 1 x 103 MPN/g and 100% of the samples had humidity valueabove 45.9% (maximum allowed after maturation). The weight of cheeses from the properties 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7 also exceeded the recommended limit (1-1.2 kg). The artisanal cheese-making process requires some adjustments to meet the standards of current legislation, aiming to bring added value and greater product safety.
Comportamento humano na criação de cães e a prevalência de parasitos intestinais com potencial zoonótico
Authors: Lallo Maria Anete , Spadacci-Morena Diva Denelle , Dall´Acqua Coutinho Selene 
Published: October 2016

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a natureza das relações estabelecidas em cães de estimação e seus donos em áreas urbanas com pequenos espaços de convivência como a cidade de São Paulo e seu papel na prevalência de parasitos intestinais com potencial zoonótico. Para tal, amostras fecais de cães atendidos em clínicas veterinárias (n = 500), residentes em abrigos (n = 250) e em canis comerciais (n = 250) foram examinadas para detecção de parasitos intestinais por microscopia de luz e por imunofluorescência direta.Para avaliar as relações estabelecidas entre cães e os responsáveis por eles, foi aplicado questionário aos responsáveis pelos cães atendidos nas clínicas veterinárias pesquisadas. Do total de amostras testadas, 45%foram positivas para parasitos intestinais, sendo que os cães criados coletivamente em abrigos (57,2%) e canis (48%) apresentaram as maiores prevalências de parasitos intestinais, especialmente infecções por protozoários. O questionário revelou que a maioria dos cães foi adotada a partir de abrigos públicos, tinham acesso livre a casa e aos quartos, dormiam na cama com seus donos e não recebiam tratamentos antiparasitários regulares. Concluiu-se que os parasitos intestinais foram muito prevalentes em cães. A presença de G. duodenalis, Cryptosporidium sp., Toxocara canis e Ancylostoma sp., todos agentes de zoonoses, sugere que os cães podem ser fonte de infecção para os seres humanos ou para o ambiente. As estreitas relações estabelecidas com os seus cães, demonstrada por hábitos de criação e estilo de vida dos proprietários, podem favorecer a transmissão de zoonoses parasitárias, especialmente pelos hábitos de dormir com o cão ou ser lambido pelo mesmo.
Resistive Index Variability in Anterior Cerebral Artery Measurements During Daily Transcranial Duplex Sonography
Authors: Zamora Carlos A. , Oshmyansky Alexander , Bembea Melania , Berkowitz Ivor , Alqahtani Eman , Liu Shen , McGree James , Stern Steven , Huisman Thierry A. G. M. , Tekes Aylin 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine the value of resistive index (RI) variability in predicting cerebrovascular complications during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).MethodsThis retrospective study included 36 infants treated by ECMO. The RI was measured on daily transfontanellar duplex sonography, obtained first without fontanel compression and then after gentle compression with the transducer. The age at ECMO cannulation, sex, gestational age at birth, method of delivery, indication, and type and duration of ECMO were recorded.ResultsThere was a statistically significant difference in RI variability in infants who developed cerebrovascular complications as opposed to those who did not (P = .002). Resistive index variability of 10% or greater on any day was associated with an increased risk for cerebrovascular complications (P = .0482; χ2 = 3.9). Variability in the first 5 days was significantly higher than on following days (P < .0001). The age at ECMO cannulation showed a significant difference, with mean ± SD values of 1.1 ± 0.9 days in the complications group and 2.7 ± 2.2 days in the no‐complications group (P = .043).ConclusionsResistive index variability of 10% or greater on any day had a statistically significant risk of cerebrovascular complication development. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannulation at younger than 3 days conferred an increased risk of cerebrovascular complications.