bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of polyester/epoxy binder coating system – studies on coating resistance, adhesion and differential scanning calorimetry
Authors: Ismail L. , Ramesh K. , Mat Nor N.A. , Jamari S.K.M. , Vengadaesvaran B. , Arof A.K. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the electrochemical, mechanical and thermal characteristics of polyester – epoxy coating systems using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), pull-off test and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). These are very important properties to evaluate the performance of a coating system. Proper measurement and analysis techniques are needed for a proper evaluation of these properties to ensure the coating performance.

Design/methodology/approach
Different ratios of polyester and epoxy resins have been blended to formulate good anticorrosive, mechanically strong and thermally stable binder coating system. EIS, pull-off test and DSC were used to evaluate these properties.

Findings
The sample containing 90 wt.% polyester exhibited the best corrosion resistance from the beginning until the end of exposure time. The value of corrosion resistance (Rc) obtained on the 30th day of exposure was found to be 2.89 × 108 ohm cm−2. The glass transition temperature (Tg) was found to be increasing with the incorporation of epoxy to the binder system. The result from pull-off test showed the best adhesion with the sample containing 90 wt.% polyester which also has the lowest Tg promoted better adhesion properties.

Practical implications
The curing time must be reduced for practical applications.

Originality/value
Hybrid coatings systems have been formulated. This paper discusses on the highest coating resistance obtained polymer-substrate mechanical properties and thermal characteristic of the polyester/epoxy binder resin using DSC.
Preparation and properties of natural gallic acid based rust conversion emulsion
Authors: Jia Yuanfeng , Ren Nana , Yue Huadong , Deng Jianru , Liu Yali 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
The paper developed a novel gallic acid-based rust conversion emulsion (RCE) that is applied in the treatment of rusted steels. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the methods for the synthesis of RCE and study the mechanism of rust conversion.

Design/methodology/approach
Conversion emulsion was prepared using styrene, acrylate and self-developed gallic acid (GA)-based rust converter (GRC) via seed emulsion polymerisation. The polymerisable GRC was synthesised by the ring-opening reaction of glycidyl methacrylate with natural GA. The effects of the GRC dosage and its feeding modes on the RCE synthesis were analysed. The corrosion resistance, surface morphology, composition and mechanism of rust conversion coatings were studied using electrochemical tests, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively.

Findings
The results showed that conversion coating on rusted steels treated with RCE, with various dosages of GRC (weight per cent), synthesised using seed emulsion polymerisation, exhibited the best adhesion and corrosion resistance. Raman spectroscopy revealed that RCE converted the original multiphase rust into stable crystalline phases of α-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4. According to XPS and energy dispersive X-ray analysis, the phenolic hydroxyl groups of RCE were proposed to chelate with Fe ions to form macromolecular ferrum compounds.

Research limitations/implications
The pre-rusted steels demonstrated a better corrosion resistance than rust-free steels after treatment with RCE.

Practical implications
The paper developed a novel GA-based RCE with high efficiency and environment-friendly method.

Originality/value
This work is expected to replace the conventional rust conversion paints and cause a significant impact on extending the service life of rusted steels.
Distinguishing features of body mass index and psoriasis in men and women in Japan: A hospital‐based case–control study
Authors: Naito Reiko , Imafuku Shinichi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease and recent studies reported an association between obesity and psoriasis. To further investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and psoriasis, a hospital‐based retrospective case–control study was conducted in patients at the Department of Dermatology, Fukuoka University Hospital in 1998–2012. BMI values of psoriatic patients were compared with those of controls, who had skin diseases other than psoriasis. A total of 429 psoriatic patients (295 male, 134 female) and 16 028 controls were enrolled. The number of male patients with psoriasis sharply increased in their 30s, peaked in their 50s and remained relatively high through the 60s. The number of female patients showed a gradual increase to their 60s. Mean BMI was higher in psoriatic patients (23.96 ± 4.46) than in controls (22.22 ± 3.98, P < 0.0001). Age‐stratified mean BMI in psoriatic patients was significantly higher at different ages in each sex. The odds ratio for psoriasis was significantly higher in obese patients. Stratified by age, there was a high odds ratio for psoriasis in men in their 40s, 70s and 80s, and in women in their 20s, 30s and 70s. The study suggests that, apart from those with a genetic predisposition, young women are less likely to develop psoriasis unless they have a high BMI, while men are more likely to acquire psoriasis if they have mild obesity in middle or older age. Our data may partially explain the higher male : female ratio (usually 2:1) in Japanese psoriatic patients.
Two cases of genital neutrophilic sebaceous adenitis
Authors: Tohyama Mikiko , Matsumoto Keiko , Sayama Koji 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSebaceous glands without a follicular structure are present in the eyelid margin (meibomian glands), lip, glans penis and vulva. Inflammatory disease of a sebaceous gland lacking follicles is rare, except for meibomitis. We report the first two cases of vulval sebaceous adenitis. Painful, yellowish‐orange papules/nodules recurred at the vulval mucocutaneous junction or mucosa during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Histopathologically, a dense neutrophilic infiltration was observed within the sebaceous ducts. In both cases, oral minocycline improved the condition. They had been treated with antiherpetic agents. It is possible that women diagnosed with recurrent genital herpes have genital neutrophilic sebaceous adenitis.
The Use of Very Low Concentrations of High‐sensitivity Troponin T to Rule Out Acute Myocardial Infarction Using a Single Blood Test
Authors: Body Richard , Mueller Christian , Giannitsis Evangelos , Christ Michael , Ordonez‐Llanos Jorge , de Filippi Christopher R. , Nowak Richard , Panteghini Mauro , Jernberg Tomas , Plebani Mario , Verschuren Franck , French John K. , Christenson Robert , Weiser Silvia , Bendig Garnet , Dilba Peter , Lindahl Bertil ,   the TRAPID‐AMI Investigators
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundRecent single‐center and retrospective studies suggest that acute myocardial infarction (AMI) could be immediately excluded without serial sampling in patients with initial high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs‐cTnT) levels below the limit of detection (LoD) of the assay and no electrocardiogram (ECG) ischemia.ObjectiveWe aimed to determine the external validity of those findings in a multicenter study at 12 sites in nine countries.MethodsTRAPID‐AMI was a prospective diagnostic cohort study including patients with suspected cardiac chest pain within 6 hours of peak symptoms. Blood drawn on arrival was centrally tested for hs‐cTnT (Roche; 99th percentile = 14 ng/L, LoD = 5 ng/L). All patients underwent serial troponin sampling over 4–14 hours. The primary outcome, prevalent AMI, was adjudicated based on sensitive troponin I (Siemens Ultra) levels. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) including AMI, death, or rehospitalization for acute coronary syndrome with coronary revascularization were determined after 30 days.ResultsWe included 1,282 patients, of whom 213 (16.6%) had AMI and 231 (18.0%) developed MACE. Of 560 (43.7%) patients with initial hs‐cTnT levels below the LoD, four (0.7%) had AMI. In total, 471 (36.7%) patients had both initial hs‐cTnT levels below the LoD and no ECG ischemia. These patients had a 0.4% (n = 2) probability of AMI, giving 99.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 96.7% to 99.9%) sensitivity and 99.6% (95% CI = 98.5% to 100.0%) negative predictive value. The incidence of MACE in this group was 1.3% (95% CI = 0.5% to 2.8%).ConclusionsIn the absence of ECG ischemia, the detection of very low concentrations of hs‐cTnT at admission seems to allow rapid, safe exclusion of AMI in one‐third of patients without serial sampling. This could be used alongside careful clinical assessment to help reduce unnecessary hospital admissions.
Are native cyprinids or introduced salmonids stronger regulators of benthic invertebrates in South African headwater streams?
Authors: Shelton Jeremy M. , Samways Michael J. , Day Jenny A. , Woodford Darragh J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe introduction of nonnative salmonids in the Southern Hemisphere generally leads to a reduction in invertebrate abundance and changes in assemblage composition. In the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa, introduced rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss is the dominant predator in many headwater streams, where they have replaced small‐bodied native fishes such as Breede River redfin Pseudobarbus burchelli. To examine the consequences of this species replacement on food web structure, we used a month‐long field experiment to compare the top‐down effects of Breede River redfin and rainbow trout on benthic invertebrate assemblages (abundance and composition) and basal resources (periphyton and particulate organic matter) in 1 × 1.5 m of plastic cages. Benthic invertebrate abundance was more strongly depleted in the cages with redfin than in the cages with trout, and redfin and trout had distinct effects on invertebrate assemblage composition. On the other hand, neither redfin nor trout had a significant influence over standing stocks of periphyton or organic matter, implying that their differential effects on benthic invertebrates did not cascade down to the base of the stream food web in our experiment. Gut content analysis showed that aquatic invertebrates contributed more to the diet of redfin, while terrestrial invertebrates contributed more to the diet of trout, which may be responsible for the relatively weak effect of trout on aquatic invertebrates. This pattern contrasts with nonnative salmonid impacts elsewhere in the Southern Hemisphere. That trout can strongly alter the structure of benthic invertebrate assemblages, in addition to severely depleting native fish abundance, in Cape Floristic Region headwater streams should be weighed into management decisions, and our findings highlight the need for a detailed understanding of species‐specific top‐down effects where native predators are replaced by invasive predators.
An appraisal of sampling methods and effort for investigating moth assemblages in a Fijian forest
Authors: Tikoca Siteri , Hodge Simon , Tuiwawa Marika , Brodie Gilianne , Pene Sarah , Clayton John 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe moth assemblages in forest ecosystems are often used as indicators of forest quality and to monitor the effects of habitat degradation or ecological restoration and management. However, to provide meaningful data on nocturnal moth faunas, it is important to evaluate the efficacy of available sampling methods and identify the minimum number of samples needed to obtain a reliable estimate of moth diversity. This study compared three light‐based collecting methods to sample nocturnal moths in Colo‐i‐Suva Forest Reserve, a lowland mixed forest 8 km north of Suva, Fiji Islands. On average, over eight nights collecting, a mercury vapour light (MV) with manual capture obtained approximately 14 times more individuals and five times more species than a white fluorescent light with automatic capture and ultraviolet light with automatic capture. Of the 84 moth taxa recorded in total, only two were not obtained by the MV trap, suggesting the moth assemblages obtained by the fluorescent light and ultraviolet light methods were subsets of the larger MV collection. Using a bootstrap method to estimate the total species collected after successive nights sampling, we found that after four nights almost 90% of the predicted total moth species would be obtained by the MV method. These results identify the MV method as a high‐performing technique to investigate nocturnal moth diversity in Fijian forests, and that a minimum of four nights sampling with this protocol would produce reliable data for use in habitat evaluation.
Preparation, characterization, and cytotoxic effects of liposomal nanoparticles containing cisplatin: an in vitro study
Authors: Poy Donya , Akbarzadeh Azim , Ebrahimi Shahmabadi Hasan , Ebrahimifar Meysam , Farhangi Ali , Farahnak Zarabi Maryam , Akbari Azam , Saffari Zahra , Siami Fatemeh 
Published: May 2016

Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent used for treating various malignancies. The study aimed to prepare pegylated liposomal cisplatin and evaluate its efficacy against human breast cancer cell line MCF‐7. Drug‐loaded nanoparticles were synthesized by reverse phase evaporation technique. The study is highlighted by extensive characterization of nanoparticles in terms of nanoparticle morphology, type of drug entrapment, cisplatin retention capability, and cytotoxicity effects. The size, size distribution, and zeta potential of nanodrug were estimated 142 nm, 0.33, and −22 mV, respectively. Drug‐loading efficiency was equal to 48% that occurred physically. Furthermore, high retention capability (39% of drug was released after 72 h) with significantly enhanced cytotoxicity of nanodrug (1.75 times more than the standard drug) confirmed the potency of liposomal nanoparticles as proper cisplatin carrier.
Dynamic response of C‐type natriuretic peptide and its aminoterminal propeptide (NTproCNP) to growth hormone treatment in children with short stature
Authors: Olney Robert C. , Salehi Parisa , Prickett Timothy C.R. , Lima John J. , Espiner Eric A. , Sikes Kaitlin M. , Geffner Mitchell E. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryObjectiveC‐type natriuretic peptide (CNP) and its aminoterminal propeptide (NTproCNP) are potential biomarkers of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) efficacy. The objective of this study was to describe the pharmacodynamics of plasma CNP and NTproCNP levels in response to rhGH treatment and to identify the optimal time of sampling after starting rhGH.DesignThis was a prospective, observational study. Subjects were treated with rhGH for 1 year, with blood sampled at regular intervals.PatientsEighteen prepubertal children, eight with low levels of GH on biochemical testing and ten with idiopathic short stature, completed the study.MeasurementsBlood levels of CNP, NTproCNP, GH, insulin‐like growth factor‐I, leptin and bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase were measured. Anthropometrics were obtained.ResultsPlasma levels of both CNP and NTproCNP reached peak levels 7–28 days after starting rhGH treatment and then declined to intermediate levels through the first year. Plasma NTproCNP levels after 14 days trended towards a correlation with height velocity after 6 and 12 months of treatment. Unexpectedly, serum GH levels measured 2 and 28 days after starting rhGH correlated strongly with height velocity after 6 and 12 months of treatment.ConclusionsThis study identified 14 days after starting rhGH treatment as the optimal time for assessing CNP and NTproCNP levels as biomarkers of rhGH efficacy. Additionally, we identified GH levels as a potential biomarker. Larger, prospective studies are now needed to test the clinical utility of these biomarkers.
Long‐term outcome of ovarian function in women with intermittent premature ovarian insufficiency
Authors: Bachelot Anne , Nicolas Carole , Bidet Maud , Dulon Jérôme , Leban Monique , Golmard Jean Louis , Polak Michel , Touraine Philippe 
Published: May 2016

SummaryContextSpontaneous resumption of ovarian function is not a rare phenomenon in patients with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). The outcome of this resumption is not known.ObjectiveTo describe the outcome following the resumption of ovarian function in POI patients.DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingUniversity medical centre.Patients and main outcome measuresCumulative incidence of ovarian function resumption and risk factors arresting this resumption during follow‐up were determined in a large cohort of POI women.ResultsFive hundred and seven patients were included in the study, with a follow‐up of 3·44 ± 4·05 years (0–29). Of these, 117 (23%) had features of ovarian function resumption. The cumulative incidence of pregnancy was 3·5% among the whole cohort and 15·3% among patients with resumption of ovarian function. Fifty‐five patients (47%) experienced an arrest of their resumption during the follow‐up period. In univariate analysis, high FSH and DHEA levels at initial evaluation were risk factors for the arrest of the resumption of ovarian function. In multivariate analysis, high FSH levels at the initial evaluation [1·89 (1·10–3·23), P = 0·03] and older age at diagnosis [1·53 (1·01–2·33), P = 0·04] were risk factors for the arrest of this resumption.ConclusionResumption of ovarian function is not a rare or brief phenomenon in POI women. The identification of predictive factors of this resumption, as well as its duration, increases our knowledge of the natural history of POI, and will improve the medical management, especially infertility counselling of these patients.
Systematic review of the diagnostic value of laryngeal stroboscopy in excluding early glottic carcinoma
Authors: van Balkum M. , Buijs B. , Donselaar E.J. , Erkelens D.C.A. , Goulin Lippi Fernandes E. , Wegner I. , Grolman W. , Janssen L.M. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveLaryngeal stroboscopy is an important diagnostic tool in the work‐up of patients with phoniatric complaints. The aim of this article was to evaluate the diagnostic value of laryngeal stroboscopy in excluding glottic carcinoma in patients with suspected glottic carcinoma.Data sourcesPubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library.Review methodsA systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library. Studies reporting original study data were included. Studies were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria and were consequently systematically assessed for their relevance and risk of bias. Studies with low relevance, high risk of bias or both were excluded from analysis. The prevalences, sensitivities, specificities and post‐test probabilities of laryngeal stroboscopy for detecting glottic carcinoma were extracted or calculated with data supplied in the articles.ResultsSeven studies, with high relevance and moderate risk of bias, were selected for data extraction. The baseline risk of glottic carcinoma was 25–49% in the included studies. Sensitivity ranged between 80% and 100% and specificity between 25% and 100%. Post‐test probabilities of malignancy in case of an abnormal stroboscopy ranged between 35% and 100%. Post‐test probabilities of malignancy in case of a normal stroboscopy ranged between 0% and 29%.ConclusionA normal laryngeal stroboscopic result predicts the absence of invasive carcinoma. Laryngeal stroboscopy can therefore be suggested as a useful supplemental examination in the standard diagnostic work‐up for all patients with suspected glottic carcinoma.
Risk factors for wound complications after abdominoperineal excision: analysis of the ACS NSQIP database
Authors: Althumairi A. A. , Canner J. K. , Gearhart S. L. , Safar B. , Fang S. H. , Wick E. C. , Efron J. E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimThe perineal wound following abdominoperineal excision (APR) is associated with a high complication rate. We aimed to evaluate the risk factors for wound complications and examine the effect of flap reconstruction on wound healing.MethodThe American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database was searched for patients who underwent APR for rectal adenocarcinoma. They were divided into two groups: primary closure of the perineal wound and flap reconstruction. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for deep surgical site infection (SSI) and wound dehiscence.ResultsA total of 8449 (94%) patients from the database underwent primary closure and 550 (6%) underwent flap reconstruction. Patients who underwent flap reconstruction had a longer operation time, a higher incidence of deep SSI, wound dehiscence, more blood transfusion requirement and a higher rate of return to the operating room (all P < 0.001). Risk factors for deep SSI were African American race (OR 1.5, P = 0.02), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification ≥ 4 (OR 3.2, P < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m2 (OR 1.7, P = 0.006), weight loss (OR 2, P < 0.001) and closure with a flap (OR 1.9, P < 0.001). Risk factors for wound dehiscence included ASA classification ≥ 4 (OR 2.2, P = 0.003), history of smoking (OR 2.2, P < 0.001), history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 1.7, P = 0.03), BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 (OR 1.9, P = 0.001) and closure with a flap (OR 2.9, P < 0.001).ConclusionPerineal wound complications are related to a patient's race, ASA classification, smoking, obesity and weight loss. Compared with primary closure, closure with a flap was associated with higher odds of wound infection and dehiscence and was not protective of wound complications in the presence of other risk factors. Therefore optimizing the patient's medical condition will lead to a better outcome irrespective of the technique used for perineal wound closure.
Serotonin 5‐HT1B receptor‐mediated calcium influx‐independent presynaptic inhibition of GABA release onto rat basal forebrain cholinergic neurons
Authors: Nishijo Takuma , Momiyama Toshihiko 
Published: May 2016

AbstractModulatory roles of serotonin (5‐HT) in GABAergic transmission onto basal forebrain cholinergic neurons were investigated, using whole‐cell patch‐clamp technique in the rat brain slices. GABAA receptor‐mediated inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) were evoked by focal stimulation. Bath application of 5‐HT (0.1–300 μm) reversibly suppressed the amplitude of evoked IPSCs in a concentration‐dependent manner. Application of a 5‐HT1B receptor agonist, CP93129, also suppressed the evoked IPSCs, whereas a 5‐HT1A receptor agonist, 8‐OH‐DPAT had little effect on the evoked IPSCs amplitude. In the presence of NAS‐181, a 5‐HT1B receptor antagonist, 5‐HT‐induced suppression of evoked IPSCs was antagonised, whereas NAN‐190, a 5‐HT1A receptor antagonist did not antagonise the 5‐HT‐induced suppression of evoked IPSCs. Bath application of 5‐HT reduced the frequency of spontaneous miniature IPSCs without changing their amplitude distribution. The effect of 5‐HT on miniature IPSCs remained unchanged when extracellular Ca2+ was replaced by Mg2+. The paired‐pulse ratio was increased by CP93129. In the presence of ω‐CgTX, the N‐type Ca2+ channel blocker, ω‐Aga‐TK, the P/Q‐type Ca2+ channel blocker, or SNX‐482, the R‐type Ca2+ channel blocker, 5‐HT could still inhibit the evoked IPSCs. 4‐AP, a K+ channel blocker, enhanced the evoked IPSCs, and CP93129 had no longer inhibitory effect in the presence of 4‐AP. CP93129 increased the number of action potentials elicited by depolarising current pulses. These results suggest that activation of presynaptic 5‐HT1B receptors on the terminals of GABAergic afferents to basal forebrain cholinergic neurons inhibits GABA release in Ca2+ influx‐independent manner by modulation of K+ channels, leading to enhancement of neuronal activities.