bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hurricanes and tropical storms: A necessary evil to ensure water supply?
Authors: Zhang Meijing , Chen Xing , Kumar Mukesh , Marani Marco , Goralczyk Michael 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSeveral parts of the globe including Southeast North America, the Caribbean, Southeast Asia, Australia, and China are often hit by hurricanes and tropical storms (HTSs), which can deliver a large amount of rainfall within a period of a few days. Although HTSs are mostly studied as disaster agents, considering that they occur during the period when water supply systems are generally depleted, it is important to ascertain their potential contributions toward sustaining water supply. Using the Lake Michie–Little River reservoir system that supplies water to the city of Durham (North Carolina) as a representative test case, we implemented an integrated watershed and reservoir management model, supported by publicly available observations, to evaluate the extent to which HTSs impact water storages. Results indicate that HTSs can have a significant impact on reservoir water storage, with their effects being felt for more than a year for some storms. The impact on reservoir water storage is identified to be primarily controlled by 3 factors, namely, streamflow response size from HTSs, storage in the reservoir right before the event, and streamflow succeeding the event response to HTS (henceforth referred as postevent streamflow). Although the impact of streamflow response size on water storage is generally proportional to its magnitude, initial water storage in the reservoir and postevent streamflow have a nonmonotonic influence on water storage. As all the 3 identified controls are a function of antecedent hydrologic conditions and meteorological forcings, these 2 factors indirectly influence the impact of HTS on water storage in a reservoir. The identification of controlling factors and assessment of their influence on reservoir response will further facilitate implementation of more accurate estimation and prediction frameworks for within‐year reservoir operations.
A retrospective study of the prevalence and outcomes of syphilis in pregnancy in a 5‐year period
Authors: Ebenezer Emily D. , Benjamin Santosh J. , Sahni Rani D. , Prakash John A.J. , Chelliah Hepsy , Mathews Jiji E. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of syphilis in pregnancy and to assess the effect of syphilis on maternal and perinatal outcomes.MethodsIn a retrospective study, data were reviewed for pregnant women who tested positive for syphilis during routine prenatal screening at a center in India between January 2011 and December 2015. Women with both a positive venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test and a positive Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA) were considered to have syphilis, and their maternal and fetal outcomes were assessed.ResultsAmong 51 164 pregnant women who underwent VDRL testing during the study period, 343 women were VDRL‐positive (seropositivity rate 0.7%) and 18 were both VDRL‐ and TPHA‐positive and were considered to have syphilis (seropositivity rate <0.1%). Among these 18 women, there were two stillbirths, four preterm births, and five small‐for‐gestational‐age neonates.ConclusionAlthough the prevalence of syphilis was low in the study population, women who were affected had adverse perinatal outcomes. Routine screening of all pregnant women for syphilis as early as possible in pregnancy, with appropriate treatment and follow‐up of affected women and newborns, should be done to reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Neonatal delivery weight and risk of future maternal diabetes
Authors: Stuart Andrea E. , Amer‐Wåhlin Isis , Källen Karin B.M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate associations between neonatal delivery weight and future risk of maternal type 1 or type 2 diabetes.MethodsData included in the Swedish Medical Birth Registry and Swedish National Diabetes Registry were merged to include all women born during 1930–1989; patients with pre‐existing diabetes or gestational diabetes were excluded. Cox regression analyses were performed to identify associations between the neonatal delivery weight from the most recent pregnancy and later occurrence of diabetes.ResultsThere were 1 873 440 patients included in the analyses. An increased risk of type 1 (hazard ratio 3.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.23–4.01) or type 2 diabetes (hazard ratio 2.77, 95% CI 2.68–2.87) was observed among patients who had a large for gestational age neonate compared with patients who had neonates within one standard definition of the mean weight for gestational age; the odds of developing type 1 (odds ratio 10.27, 95% CI 7.37–14.31) or type 2 diabetes (odds ratio 8.50, 95% CI 6.01–12.02) within 1 year of delivery was also increased compared with patients who had a neonate within one standard deviation of the mean weight for gestational age.ConclusionsDelivering a large for gestational age neonate was a potent risk factor for the later development of maternal type 1 or type 2 diabetes.
Interleukin‐1 receptor‐associated kinase 1 correlates with metastasis and invasion in endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Wang Yilin , Wang Yanyan , Duan Xianzhi , Wang Yinuo , Zhang Zhenyu 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEndometrial carcinoma (EC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world. Previous studies have investigated the altered expression of interleukin‐1 receptor‐associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) in various cancers. We aimed at exploring the biological function and the underlying molecular mechanism of IRAK1 in EC. In this study, IRAK1 was found elevated in EC compared with normal tissues. Further, high IRAK1 expression level was correlated with higher tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, myometrial invasion, and lower survival rate. Knockdown of IRAK1 in two EC cell lines, HEC‐1‐B and JEC, significantly inhibited cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. We also found that down‐regulation of IRAK1 in EC cells notably induced cell cycle arrest and apoptois, and also inhibited cell migration and invasion. Gene set enrichment analysis on The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset showed that Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) mitotic cell cycle and cell division pathways were correlative with the IRAK1 expression, which was further confirmed in EC cells by Western blot. The expression of mitotic cell cycle (CDK1 and Cdc45) and cell division pathway (Cdc7 and MCM2) related factors was significantly suppressed by IRAK1 knockdown. These collective data indicated that IRAK1 overexpression promotes EC tumorigenesis by activating mitotic cell cycle and cell division pathways, and IRAK1 may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for EC.
Low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation promotes osteoblast differentiation through hedgehog signaling
Authors: Matsumoto Kenichi , Shimo Tsuyoshi , Kurio Naito , Okui Tatsuo , Ibaragi Soichiro , Kunisada Yuki , Obata Kyoichi , Masui Masanori , Pai Pang , Horikiri Yuu , Yamanaka Nobuyuki , Takigawa Masaharu , Sasaki Akira 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLow‐intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been used as an adjunct to fracture healing therapies, but the mechanisms underlying its action are not known. We reported that sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling was activated in osteoblasts at the dynamic remodeling site of a bone fracture. Mechanical stimulation is a crucial factor in bone remodeling, and it is related to the primary cilia as a sensor of hedgehog signaling. Here we observed that LIPUS promoted callus formation in accord with Gli2‐positive cells after 14 days at the mouse femur fractured site compared with a control group. An immunofluorescence analysis showed that the numbers of primary cilia and cilia/osterix double‐positive osteoblasts were increased at the fracture site by LIPUS. LIPUS stimulated not only the number and the length of primary cilia, but also the levels of ciliated protein, Ift88 mRNA, and SHH, Gli1, and Gli2 in MC3T3‐E1 cells. Further experiments revealed that LIPUS stimulated osteogenic differentiation in the presence of smoothened agonist (SAG) treatment. These results indicate that LIPUS stimulates osteogenic differentiation and the maturation of osteoblasts by a primary cilium‐mediated activation of hedgehog signaling.
Phospholipid secretions of organ cultured ciliary body
Authors: Margolis Michael J. , Martinez Mitchell , Valencia Jeffrey , Lee Richard K. , Bhattacharya Sanjoy K. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHomeostasis of intraocular pressure (IOP) is important for the maintenance of anterior eye anatomic integrity, minimizing pressure‐associated damage to the optic nerve, and maintaining a pressure gradient for blood flow to the eye. IOP is regulated by equilibrium between aqueous humor (AH) production and its outflow. The ciliary body (CB) is thought to actively secrete AH. However, whether AH composition and in particular, its phospholipids are entirely due to CB secretion remains uncertain. Comparison of phospholipids released by cultured CB, phospholipids present within CB tissue, within AH, and within blood and serum are consistent with release of most phospholipids into the AH by the CB. Treatment of CB in culture with timolol, a non‐specific beta‐adrenergic antagonist, alters the release of phospholipids by CB into the media. However, dorzalamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that reduces production of AH, does not affect phospholipid release thereby suggesting timolol, which also decreases IOP through decreased AH outflow, affects other physiological homeostatic mechanisms regulating aqueous outflow. These outflow changes also affect the composition of secreted phospholipids. We present evidence that release of lipids by the CB has a prolonged survival effect on cultured primary TM cells and TM tissue.
MiR‐132‐3p regulates ADAMTS‐5 expression and promotes chondrogenic differentiation of rat mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Zhou Xiaozhong , Luo Dixin , Sun Hongtao , Qi Yong , Xu Wangyang , Jin Xunjie , Li Chao , Lin Zhousheng , Li Guitao 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPrevious study showed that miRNA aberrant expression is involved in chondrogenic differentiation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of miR‐132‐3p on chondrogenic differentiation and the underlying mechanisms. First, quantitative PCR were performed to determine the level of MiR‐132‐3p. Then, we used luciferase assay to examine the target of miR‐132‐3p. Proteoglycan was tested by Alcian blue staining assay. Moreover, the sex determining region Y‐box 9 (SOX9), Collagen type II alpha 1 chain (COL2A1) and Aggrecan (ACAN) levels were analyzed by quantitative PCR, immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Our results showed that MiR‐132‐3p level was reduced in rat MSCs (rMSCs) during chondrogenic differentiation. Ectopic expression of miR‐132‐3p induced proteoglycan accumulation and the increase of ACAN, SOX9 and COL2A1 expression, which were involved in inducing chondrogenic differentiation of rMSCs. More importantly, ADAMTS‐5 was identified as the target of MiR‐132‐3p. Knockdown of ADAMTS‐5 increased proteoglycan level, but reduced the SOX9, ACAN, and COL2A1 levels during chondrogenic differentiation of rMSCs. Taken together, our results revels that MiR‐132‐3p promotes rMSCs chondrogenic differentiation, possibly mediated by targeting ADAMTS‐5, which provided new perspective on the chondrogenic differentiation and pathology of osteoarthritis.
Effects of Concomitant Medication Use on Gefitinib‐Induced Hepatotoxicity
Authors: Cho Soyeon , Yee Jeong , Kim Jae Youn , Jeong Rhie Sandy , Gwak Hye Sun 
Published: October 2017

AbstractGefitinib is a drug used for the treatment of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Severe hepatotoxicity was observed, but only a few cases have been reported on the hepatotoxicity of gefitinib. This study aimed to investigate the association between gefitinib‐induced hepatotoxicity and various factors including concomitant medications in lung cancer patients. From January 2013 to December 2014, a retrospective study was performed with NSCLC patients who were treated with gefitinib. Associations between hepatotoxicity and various factors including concomitant drugs were analyzed. Based on multivariate models, it was found that H2 antagonists, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), and H2 antagonists or PPIs increased hepatotoxicity by about 1.5‐ to 1.7‐fold. Patients younger than 65 years showed 1.6 times higher hepatotoxicity than those older than 65 years. Patients with EGFR mutations had around 2‐fold higher hepatotoxicity, and the percentage of incidence of hepatotoxicity because of exon 19 deletion was 32.7%. Our study showed that anti‐acid‐secreting agents in addition to age younger than 65 years and EGFR mutation were associated with gefitinib‐induced hepatotoxicity. Thus, close monitoring of liver function is recommended, especially for patients using anti‐acid‐secreting agents.
Energy efficient harvesting of Arthrospira sp. using ceramic membranes: analyzing the effect of membrane pore size and incorporation of flocculant as fouling control strategy
Authors: Jana Animesh , Ghosh Sourja , Majumdar Swachchha 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDBiomass harvesting is an important issue in commercialization of algal biofuel production. In the present study focus has been given to develop a robust ultrafiltration membrane on low cost ceramic substrate for efficient harvesting of Arthrospira sp. The effect of membrane pore size and flocculant addition as fouling reduction strategy was investigated. The study represents a comparative analysis in terms of flux, fouling, volume reduction factor (VRF) and energy consumption of different processes, viz. microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), guar gum induced bioflocculation followed by MF and bioflocculation followed by UF, respectively.RESULTSThe MF process showed higher volume reduction factor (11.11) and concentration factor (12.5) with stabilized flux of 230 L m‐2 h‐1 under optimized conditions. In terms of fouling, the UF membranes were less prone to fouling, with a flux recovery of about 93% during long‐term operation. Incorporation of bioflocculant caused significant reduction in fouling of both the MF and UF membrane. Energy uptake in the MF process was lower (0.908 kWh m‐3) than that of the UF process (2.625 kWh m‐3). Among the various processes permeate from the UF showed the highest CO2 dissolution capacity (657 ± 7 mg L‐1), hence could be reused for algal cultivation with negligible reduction in growth.CONCLUSIONThe present study reveals that clay‐alumina based ceramic MF and UF membrane can be effectively used in harvesting of algal biomass with suitable fouling control strategy based on the algal species and required biomass concentration. The processes developed exhibited less energy consumption compared with other existing processes. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Sonographic detection of an infected maternal urachal cyst during pregnancy
Authors: Sargent James , Sohaey Roya , Trivedi Neha 
Published: October 2017

AbstractInfection of a maternal urachal cyst during pregnancy is rare; Sonography is an important diagnostic tool that can help minimize maternal and fetal complications. We describe the case of a 35‐year‐old multiparous woman presenting in the third trimester with 2 weeks of fever, abdominal pain, and urinary symptoms. Imaging showed a 5‐cm complex anterior midline mass, found intraoperatively to be eroding into the uterus. Sonographic imaging aided in the diagnosis and management of the urachal cyst, and antepartum sonographic measurements of the lower uterine segment helped to counsel regarding a trial of labor. Following treatment, the patient stabilized and had an uncomplicated vaginal delivery.
Intracellular delivery of nano‐formulated antituberculosis drugs enhances bactericidal activity
Authors: Donnellan Samantha , Stone Vicki , Johnston Helinor , Giardiello Marco , Owen Andrew , Rannard Steve , Aljayyoussi Ghaith , Swift Benjamin , Tran Lang , Watkins Craig , Stevenson Karen 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTuberculosis kills more people worldwide than any other infectious disease. Treatment requires multiple drug therapy administered over long periods (6–24 months). The emergence of multidrug‐resistant strains is a major problem, and with few new drugs in the pipeline, a novel modus operandi is urgently required. Solid drug nanoparticles (SDNs), a new development in nanomedicine, offer a fresh therapeutic approach. Here, we show that SDNs are more effective (50‐fold) at killing pathogenic mycobacteria than aqueous forms of the same drug and can target mycobacteria internalised by macrophages, where bacilli reside. We demonstrate synthesis of dual and triple drug loaded SDNs, facilitating combination tuberculosis therapy. Our results suggest that by employing SDNs of existing antibiotics, it may be possible to improve drug delivery and therefore reduce drug dosage to lessen side effects and fight drug resistance.
Analysis of apple beverages treated with high‐power ultrasound: a quality function deployment approach
Authors: Režek Jambrak Anet , Šimunek Marina , Grbeš Franjo , Mandura Ana , Djekic Ilija 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of this paper was to demonstrate application of quality function deployment in analysing effects of high power ultrasound on quality properties of apple juices and nectars. In order to develop a quality function deployment model, joint with instrumental analysis of treated samples, a field survey was performed to identify consumer preferences towards quality characteristics of juices/nectar.RESULTSBased on field research, the three most important characteristics were ‘taste’ and ‘aroma’ with 28.5% of relative absolute weight importance, followed by ‘odour’ (16.9%). The quality function deployment model showed that the top three ‘quality scores’ for apple juice were treatments with amplitude 90 µm, 9 min treatment time and sample temperature 40 °C; 60 µm, 9 min, 60 °C; and 90 µm, 6 min, 40 °C. For nectars, the top three were treatments 120 µm, 9 min, 20 °C; 60 µm, 9 min, 60 °C; and A2.16 60 µm, 9 min, 20 °C.CONCLUSIONThis type of quality model enables a more complex measure of large scale of different quality parameters. Its simplicity should be understood as its practical advantage and, as such, this tool can be a part of design quality when using novel preservation technologies. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Optical types of inland and coastal waters
Authors: Spyrakos Evangelos , O'Donnell Ruth , Hunter Peter D. , Miller Claire , Scott Marian , Simis Stefan G. H. , Neil Claire , Barbosa Claudio C. F. , Binding Caren E. , Bradt Shane , Bresciani Mariano , Dall'Olmo Giorgio , Giardino Claudia , Gitelson Anatoly A. , Kutser Tiit , Li Lin , Matsushita Bunkei , Martinez‐Vicente Victor , Matthews Mark W. , Ogashawara Igor , Ruiz‐Verdú Antonio , Schalles John F. , Tebbs Emma , Zhang Yunlin , Tyler Andrew N. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractInland and coastal waterbodies are critical components of the global biosphere. Timely monitoring is necessary to enhance our understanding of their functions, the drivers impacting on these functions and to deliver more effective management. The ability to observe waterbodies from space has led to Earth observation (EO) becoming established as an important source of information on water quality and ecosystem condition. However, progress toward a globally valid EO approach is still largely hampered by inconsistences over temporally and spatially variable in‐water optical conditions. In this study, a comprehensive dataset from more than 250 aquatic systems, representing a wide range of conditions, was analyzed in order to develop a typology of optical water types (OWTs) for inland and coastal waters. We introduce a novel approach for clustering in situ hyperspectral water reflectance measurements (n = 4045) from multiple sources based on a functional data analysis. The resulting classification algorithm identified 13 spectrally distinct clusters of measurements in inland waters, and a further nine clusters from the marine environment. The distinction and characterization of OWTs was supported by the availability of a wide range of coincident data on biogeochemical and inherent optical properties from inland waters. Phylogenetic trees based on the shapes of cluster means were constructed to identify similarities among the derived clusters with respect to spectral diversity. This typification provides a valuable framework for a globally applicable EO scheme and the design of future EO missions.
X‐ray spectrum estimation for accurate attenuation simulation
Authors: Leinweber Carsten , Maier Joscha , Kachelrieß Marc 
Published: October 2017

PurposeTo estimate detected x‐ray spectra from transmission measurements of known attenuators that allow to accurately simulate the transmission in unknown attenuators.MethodsStarting from the established spectrum estimation method using the truncated singular value decomposition (TSVD) we extended the algorithm by incorporating prior knowledge about the statistical nature of the transmission data and about high‐frequency spectral components like characteristic peaks. Thereby our proposed approach requires only minimal prior knowledge, namely the energy positions of characteristic peaks or k‐edges, which are typically well‐known. This ensures that the final spectrum is not biased towards a given prior spectrum which is often observed in other methods. The new approach, prior truncated singular value decomposition (PTSVD), is compared to TSVD as well as the expectation–maximization (EM) method in a simulation and a measurement study. The resulting spectra are evaluated according to their ability to reproduce transmission data of attenuators that have not been included into the estimation process.ResultsIn case of noiseless simulated data, the PTSVD approach outperforms the existing methods in both, estimating the shape of the spectrum as well as providing a spectrum that reproduces the transmission data. Not surprisingly for increasing noise the ability of PTSVD to estimate the spectral shape worsens while it still performs best in reproducing the transmission data. This finding is also confirmed in the measurement study.ConclusionOur new approach allows to estimate detected x‐ray spectra that accurately reproduce both transmission measurements that have and have not been included into the estimation process. It is less prone to noise compared to the established TSVD method and potentially leads to smaller transmission errors compared to EM for accurate transmission data while being less biased towards the given prior information.
Underweight vs. overweight/obese: which weight category do we prefer? Dissociation of weight‐related preferences at the explicit and implicit level
Authors: Marini M. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryObjectiveAlthough stigma towards obesity and anorexia is a well‐recognized problem, no research has investigated and compared the explicit (i.e. conscious) and implicit (i.e. unconscious) preferences between these two conditions. The present study conducted this investigation in a sample of 4,806 volunteers recruited at the Project Implicit website (https://implicit.harvard.edu).MethodsExplicit and implicit preferences were assessed among different weight categories (i.e. underweight, normal weight and overweight/obese) by means of self‐reported items and the Multi‐category Implicit Association Test, respectively.ResultsPreferences for the normal weight category were found both at the explicit and implicit levels when this category was compared with overweight/obese and underweight categories. On the contrary, when the underweight category was contrasted with the obese/overweight category, results differed at the explicit and implicit levels: pro‐underweight preferences were observed at the explicit level, while pro‐overweight/obese preferences were found at the implicit level.ConclusionsThese results indicate that preferences between overweight/obese and underweight categories differ at the explicit and implicit levels. This dissociation may have important implications on behaviour and decision‐making.