bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging the innermost circumstellar environment of the red supergiant WOH G64 in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Ohnaka K. , Hofmann K.-H. , Weigelt G. , van Loon J. Th. , Schertl D. , Goldman S. R. 
Published: October 2024

Context. Significant mass loss in the red supergiant (RSG) phase has great influence on the evolution of massive stars and their final fate as supernovae.
Aims. We present near-infrared interferometric imaging of the circumstellar environment of the dust-enshrouded RSG WOH G64 in the Large Magellanic Cloud.
Methods. WOH G64 was observed with the GRAVITY instrument at ESO’s Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) at 2.0–2.45 μm. We succeeded in imaging the innermost circumstellar environment of WOH G64 – the first interferometric imaging of an RSG outside the Milky Way.
Results. The reconstructed image reveals elongated compact emission with a semimajor and semiminor axis of ∼2 and ∼1.5 mas (∼13 and 9 R⋆), respectively. The GRAVITY data show that the stellar flux contribution at 2.2 μm at the time of our observations in 2020 is much lower than predicted by the optically and geometrically thick dust torus model based on the VLTI/MIDI data taken in 2005 and 2007. We found a significant change in the near-infrared spectrum of WOH G64: while the (spectro)photometric data taken at 1–2.5 μm before 2003 show the spectrum of the central RSG with H2O absorption, the spectra and JHK′ photometric data taken after 2016 are characterized by a monotonically rising continuum with very weak signatures of H2O. This spectral change likely took place between December 2009 and 2016. On the other hand, the mid-infrared spectrum obtained in 2022 with VLT/VISIR agrees well with the spectra obtained before 2007.
Conclusions. The compact emission imaged with GRAVITY and the near-infrared spectral change suggest the formation of hot new dust close to the star, which gives rise to the monotonically rising near-infrared continuum and the high obscuration of the central star. The elongation of the emission may be due to the presence of a bipolar outflow or effects of an unseen companion.
Radiative acceleration calculation methods and abundance anomalies in Am stars
Authors: Hui-Bon-Hoa Alain 
Published: October 2024

Context. Atomic diffusion with radiative levitation is a major transport process to consider to explain abundance anomalies in Am stars. Radiative accelerations vary from one species to another, yielding different abundance anomalies at the stellar surface.
Aims. Radiative accelerations can be computed using different methods: some evolution codes use an analytical approximation, while others calculate them from monochromatic opacities. We compared the abundance evolutions predicted using these various methods.
Methods. Our models were computed with the Toulouse-Geneva evolution code, in which both an analytical approximation (the single-valued parameter method) and detailed calculations from Opacity Project (OP) atomic data are implemented for the calculation of radiative accelerations. The time evolutions of the surface abundances were computed using macroscopic transport processes that are able to reproduce observed Am star surface abundances in presence of atomic diffusion, namely an ad hoc turbulent model or a global mass loss.
Results. The radiative accelerations obtained with the various methods are globally in agreement for all the models below the helium convective zone, but can be much greater between the bottom of the hydrogen convective zone and that of helium. The time evolutions of the surface abundances mostly agree within the observational error, but the abundance of some elements can exceed this error for the least massive mass-loss model. The gain in computing time from using analytical approximations is significant compared to sequential calculations from monochromatic opacities for the turbulence models and for the least massive wind model; the gain is small otherwise. Test calculations of turbulence models with the tabulated OPAL opacities yield quite similar abundances as OP for most elements but in a much shorter time, meaning that determining Am star parameters can be done using a two-step method.
Interdisziplinäre Empfehlungen für die Entwicklung von
Gesundheitskiosken als niedrigschwellige, kommunale
Versorgungsstrukturen
Authors: Kutschke Geraldine , Kutschke Lea , Sauder Lena , James Alice , Woelwer Stefan , Gehr Sinje 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungDas Bundesministerium für Gesundheit hat in einem Eckpunktepapier vom 31. August
2022 den Aufbau von 1.000 Gesundheitskiosken bundesweit ausgerufen [1]. Das Ziel
dieser Initiative ist es, den Zugang zur gesundheitlichen Versorgung
insbesondere für Menschen mit besonderem Unterstützungsbedarf in sozial
benachteiligten Regionen sicherzustellen und gezielt zu koordinieren. Das
Initiativrecht zur Errichtung und Trägerschaft derartiger Gesundheitskioske
obliegt den Kommunen, die Finanzierung soll jedoch mehrheitlich von den
gesetzlichen und privaten Krankenkassen übernommen werden. Offen ist jedoch, wie
diese Gesundheitskioske konkret regional ausgestaltet werden sollen. Das hier
vorgestellte interdisziplinäre Mixed-Methods-Forschungsprojekt aus der
gesundheitsbezogenen Sozialen Arbeit und den Designwissenschaften geht der
Forschungsfrage nach, wie ein Gesundheitskiosk unter den derzeitigen
Voraussetzungen ausgestaltet werden kann. Es liefert den Kommunen im
Ergebnisteil einen Methodenkatalog zur Förderung interdisziplinärer
Zusammenarbeit sowie praktische Empfehlungen und prototypische
Gestaltungsvorschläge im Sinne einer Blaupause für die eigenständige Entwicklung
und Einführung von regional angepassten Gesundheitskiosken.
Gender- and personality-specific differences in academic qualifications, research motivation, and attractiveness of leadership positions: a survey among radiologists from Germany
Authors: Molwitz Isabel , Kemper Christoph , Stahlmann Katharina , Yamamura Jin , Adam Gerhard , Langenbach Marcel Christian , Reim Martin , Wegner Franz , Bannas Peter , Lotz Joachim , Can Elif , Zagrosek-Regitz Vera , Hamm Bernd , Keller-Yamamura Sarah 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study investigated gender- and personality-specific differences in academic qualifications, research motivation, and options to increase the attractiveness of leadership positions in radiology.A validated questionnaire with 66 questions was distributed via the German Roentgen Society and individually sent to 4,500 radiologists in Germany. Participants were asked about their gender. Personality dimensions were assessed using the OCEAN (Big Five) model. Multivariable regression analyses were employed.Of 510 included participants (women 237 (46.5%)), men were four times more likely to have acquired an associated professorship (AP, Habilitation Privatdozent) ((odds ratio (OR) 4.39 (2.22–8.67)). Also, they planned to achieve an AP more frequently (OR 2.87 (1.47–5.61)). The only gender-specific motivator for an AP was the option to become eligible for the position of chief physician (men OR 2.56 (1.07–6.15)). Mentors increased the probability of acquiring an AP (OR 2.07 (1.13–3.80)) or striving for an AP (4.82 (2.39–9.73)). Female mentees were likelier to have female mentors (OR 4.62 (1.68–12.73)). To increase the attractiveness of leadership positions, female radiologists perceived gender balance at the management level (OR 3.32 (2.28–4.82)), top sharing (OR 2.22 (1.48–3.32)), and better work-life balance (OR 2.02 (1.19–3.43)) as more relevant than male radiologists. More pronounced openness (OR 1.62 (1.10–2.38)) and extroversion (OR 1.45 (1.07–1.97)) were positively associated with planning an AP. More pronounced agreeableness (OR 0.67 (0.50–0.91)) was negatively associated.Research motivation is mainly independent of gender. Academic qualification varies with gender and personality dimensions. Mentoring, female role models, top sharing, and better work-family compatibility could motivate women to pursue academic leadership.
Duty of Candour legislation in post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Saunsbury Emma , Burr Nicholas E. , Beaton David , McSweeney Kate , Mason-Higgins Jo , Trudgill Nigel , Morris Eva J. A. , Valori Roland 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background This study investigated the application of Duty of Candour (DoC) legislation in the context of post-colonoscopy colorectal cancers (PCCRCs). DoC mandates transparent disclosure of notifiable safety incidents to patients in the English National Health Service, including incidences leading to severe or moderate harm. This study aimed to analyze the application of DoC in PCCRCs, improve understanding of the legislation, and identify challenges in DoC implementation.
Methods A national audit of PCCRCs was conducted between September 2021 and May 2022. PCCRCs were identified using linked administrative datasets, and root-cause analyses were performed using structured templates. “Avoidability” and harm were categorized into specific levels, and guidance was provided on improving consistency in judgments.
Results 16% of 1724 PCCRCs resulted in major harm or death, of which 27% (75) were probably or definitely avoidable. Hospitals deemed DoC discharge necessary in only 53% of these cases. When including moderate harm, 11% of all PCCRCs would trigger DoC discharge, yet this was deemed necessary in only 45% of such cases.
Conclusions There is inconsistent application of DoC in PCCRC cases. Challenges include determining “avoidability” and harm, particularly when diagnosis is delayed. Clearer guidance and definitions of harm are needed to improve adherence to regulations.
Rare-Earth-Metal-Catalyzed Regioselective Hydrosilylation of Internal Alkenes and Alkynes
Authors: Dong Shunxi , Zhu Chenhao , Mao Tao , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA highly regioselective hydrosilylation reaction of internal alkenes was achieved by using commercially available lanthanum hexamethyldisilazane (La(HMDS)3). Notably, the Z- or E-configuration of internal alkenes has negligible influence on either the reactivity or regioselectivity. Internal alkynes could also be used, affording the mono di-hydrosilylation product in the presence of La(HMDS)3 or mono-hydrosilylation product with Y(HMDS)3 as the promoter.
Asymmetric Synthesis of 3,3′-Pyrrolidonyl Spirooxindole-5′-Carboxylic Ester from l-Tryptophan
Authors: Hajra Saumen , Hazra Atanu , Maity Dhananjoy , Bhosale Suhas S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA highly efficient, multi-gram scale asymmetric synthesis of 3,3′-pyrrolidonyl spirooxindole-5′-carboxylic ester, which could be a potential precursor for the synthesis of cyanogramide, is accomplished from commercially available l-1-methyltryptophan in two pots. Fluoride-promoted desilylative spiro-cyclization of (semi) in situ generated isocyanate derived from l-1-methyltryptophan is the key reaction. Further, a variety of arene-substituted 3,3′-pyrrolidonyl spirooxindole-5′-carboxylxic acid esters were synthesized by late stage functionalization of easily accessible 3,3′-pyrrolidonyl spirooxindole-5′-carboxylic ester.
Pattern and Predictors of Neurologic Comorbidities Among African Children with Epilepsy
Authors: Uhunmwangho-Courage Aderonke O. , Lagunju Ikeoluwa A. , Ejeliogu Emeka U. , Bode-Thomas Fidelia , Uhunmwangho Courage U. , Ofakunrin Akinyemi O.D. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background Epilepsy is the most common neurologic disorder affecting children in Nigeria. It is often associated with other neurologic comorbidities in addition to epileptic seizures, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and cognitive, visual, and hearing impairments, which can be unrecognized while focusing on the seizures.
Methods This cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence, pattern, and predictors of neurologic comorbidities among 100 children with epilepsy (CWE) attending the pediatric neurology clinic of Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria, and age- and sex-matched controls selected consecutively. Data were summarized using frequencies and proportions. Chi-squared and Mann–Whitney U tests were used to test the categorical values, while logistic regression was used to determine the predictive factors for neurologic comorbidities.
Results The prevalence of neurologic comorbidities among CWE versus controls was 65 vs. 15% (p < 0.001). Factors associated with neurologic comorbidities in CWE include younger age at onset of epileptic seizures (p < 0.003), severity of seizures (p < 0.001), history of status epilepticus (p < 0.044), background history of intracranial infections (p < 0.029), and the use of combination antiepileptic drugs (p < 0.001). Predictors of comorbidities in CWE were treatment with sodium valproate and polytherapy.
Conclusion Neurologic comorbidities are more frequent among CWE than controls; therefore, screening for neurologic comorbidities should be routine when assessing and managing CWE.
Interventions for Fluid Collections in Acute Pancreatitis: Expanding Horizon
Authors: Kulariya Manit , Gupta Pankaj , Jearth Vaneet , Singh Harjeet , Singh Anupam , Shah Jimil , Samanta Jayanta , Mandavdhare Harshal , Sharma Vishal , Sinha Saroj K. , Dutta Usha 
Published: October 2024

AbstractManaging pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) in acute pancreatitis has undergone a paradigm shift. Endoscopic and surgical advancements have led to the development of safer and more effective techniques for draining PFCs and performing necrosectomy. These techniques have been effectively incorporated into the step-up approach. Percutaneous catheter drainage remains the cornerstone for managing PFCs, although its role has changed with the advent of endoscopic ultrasound-guided techniques. PFC management relies heavily on interdisciplinary collaboration. All the techniques must be considered complementary rather than competitive. The preference for one method over the other must consider the patient factors and availability of expertise. This review entails a detailed discussion of the intervention of PFCs with the latest available evidence.
Strong vs. stable: the impact of ESG ratings momentum and their volatility on the cost of equity capital
Authors: Magnani Monia , Guidolin Massimo , Berk Ian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe test whether in the cross-section of European stocks, the cost of equity capital is more strongly affected by the (upward) “slope” (identified as momentum over a period of time) of their ESG scores or by their “stability” (identified as the volatility of the scores over a period of time), measured around a given slope. We find that short-term ESG momentum is priced in the cross-section of stock returns but that it may increase or decrease the ex-ante cost of capital depending on the specific sample investigated. While short-term ESG momentum may represent a novel, priced systematic risk factor, there is also strong evidence that a ESG spread strategy that buys (sells) low (high) ESG score volatility stocks leads to a significant alpha and lower the ex-ante cost of capital. This suggests that ESG rating stability may carry a more reliable reward than improvements do, in terms of ex-ante equity cost of capital. These results are robust to the use of different sub-samples (over firms and sub-periods) and to forming the two quantitative ESG signals on the basis of alternative rating data.
Screening participants with inflammatory bowel disease or high colorectal cancer risk in Denmark: a cohort study
Authors: Therkildsen Signe Bülow , Larsen Pernille Thordal , Njor Sisse Helle 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIndividuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBC) and high-risk individuals are advised to discuss participation with their doctor and not to participate in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. Yet a substantial proportion still participate in the Danish faecal immunochemical test (FIT) screening and have a higher positive FIT rate than the average-risk population. We estimated the risk of false-positive screening among individuals with inflammatory bowel disease and high-risk individuals to improve recommendations regarding screening participation. We included 71,871 FIT-positive participants (2014–2017) who had a subsequent colonoscopy within 3 months. Screening outcome within 180 days was established by using registers. We determined that 26,591 of the included participants had a false-positive screening. Participants with IBC or high CRC risk had a significantly higher risk of getting a false-positive screening than the average risk population, resulting in too many screening-related colonoscopies being performed among these individuals, indicating a need to update the screening protocols.
Epitaxial RuO2 and IrO2 films by pulsed laser deposition on TiO2(110)
Authors: Keßler P. , Waldsauer T. , Jovic V. , Kamp M. , Schmitt M. , Sing M. , Claessen R. , Moser S. 
Published: October 2024

We present a systematic growth study of epitaxial RuO2(110) and IrO2(110) on TiO2(110) substrates by pulsed laser deposition. We describe the main challenges encountered in the growth process, such as a deteriorating material flux due to laser-induced target metallization or the delicate balance of under- vs over-oxidation of the “stubborn” Ru and Ir metals. We identify growth temperatures and oxygen partial pressures of 700 K, 1 × 10−3 mbar for RuO2 and 770 K, 5 × 10−4 mbar for IrO2 to optimally balance between metal oxidation and particle mobility during nucleation. In contrast to IrO2, RuO2 exhibits layer-by-layer growth up to 5 unit cells if grown at high deposition rates. At low deposition rates, the large lattice mismatch between film and substrate fosters initial 3D island growth and cluster formation. In analogy to reports for RuO2 based on physical vapor deposition [He et al., J. Phys. Chem. C 119, 2692 (2015)], we find these islands to eventually merge and grow to continue in a step flow mode, resulting in highly crystalline, flat, stoichiometric films of RuO2(110) (up to 30 nm thickness) and IrO2(110) (up to 13 nm thickness) with well-defined line defects.
A dual-stator threaded linear ultrasonic motor with preload mechanism
Authors: Zhang Gaoren , Qin Hongfei , Wang Zhongying , Liu Menghui , Yu Zhengxiang , You Lei , Yang Yuhan 
Published: October 2024

The cylindrical ultrasonic motor, noted for its straightforward design, ease of miniaturization, and high precision, has significant potential in fields such as optics, healthcare, and precision engineering. However, miniaturization presents challenges, including diminished output force and complications in applying preloading stress. To address the reduced output force, this study presents a dual-stator, high-thrust cylindrical linear ultrasonic motor. This innovative motor features two stators, a mover, and a mechanism for applying preloading stress. A key design element is the parallel arrangement of the two stators along a threaded output shaft, separated by elastic components. This setup enables axial preloading via the threads’ engagement. Simulations were conducted to refine the stators’ parameters, assess their operational modes, and evaluate their in-plane paths. A prototype was subsequently built to test its impedance characteristics and mechanical performance. Test results showed that under a 200 Vpp drive, the single-stator motor generated a maximum force of 4.3 N, while the dual-stator configuration produced 6.8 N. After applying preloading stress, the output force of the dual-stator motor increased to 9.4 N.
Cathodic arc deposited tetrahedral amorphous carbon as thin film contact pressure sensing material
Authors: Haikola Juha , Kolehmainen Jukka , Tervakangas Sanna , Tittonen Ilkka 
Published: October 2024

Tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) film was deposited using the filtered pulsed cathodic arc deposition method. The ta-C structures deposited on high velocity oxygen fuel thermally sprayed steel beam substrates were investigated for piezoresistive properties under direct contact pressing. A load of up to 1.4 GPa was applied with point contact, with no detrimental influence on the material. The linear response for the strain applied homogeneously on the whole film surface and on the local portion of the film surface under a cylindrical contact was observed. A high gauge factor of the measured system of 305 was measured, showing the potential of the material as a good candidate for sensing applications on direct contact measurement devices.
Cyclotron resonance imaging at cryogenic temperatures enabled by electric field modification in a microwave cavity
Authors: Akimoto Ikuko , Suzuki Takayuki , Naka Nobuko , Matsuoka Hideto 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Cyclotron resonance (CR) is a standard but emerging technique for investigating carrier properties of semiconductors. We have succeeded in CR measurements by employing a microwave cavity designed for electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Here, we demonstrate CR imaging to visualize the spatial distribution of carriers at cryogenic temperatures for the first time. To realize CR imaging, it is necessary to account for the electric field modification in the microwave cavity of a cylindrical TM110 mode, which is designed for EPR imaging and is inherently unsuitable for CR measurements. CR detection requires the oscillating electric field perpendicular to the external static magnetic field (B
0) at the sample position, which is not designed for the unloaded cavity. It has been challenging to verify the electric field distribution inside the cavity experimentally, but we show that the observation of the CR signals provides evidence of modification in the electric field. Analysis of the electromagnetic field explains the results, revealing a field distribution whose strength and direction are perturbed due to the lensing effect by the inserted dielectric materials.
Gate-driven transition temperatures of electron hopping behaviors in Hubbard bands formed by dopant-induced QD array in silicon nanowire
Authors: Shang Zimeng , Wang Bowei , Han Weihua 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Dopant atoms confined in silicon nanoscale channel can be ionized to form quantum dots (QDs). Several dopant atoms couple with each other forming energy bands, where the electron hopping behavior can be described by the Hubbard model. This characteristic renders dopant-induced QDs particularly appealing for applications in nanoelectronic and quantum devices. Herein we study the gate-driven transition temperatures of electron hopping behavior in the upper Hubbard bands (UHBs) and lower Hubbard bands (LHBs) formed by dopant-induced QD array in junctionless silicon nanowire transistors. The gate-dependent transition temperatures are calculated for three stages of electron hopping behaviors including Efros–Shklovskii Variable Range Hopping (ES-VRH), Mott VRH and Nearest Neighbor Hopping (NNH). Our experimental results indicate that the ES-VRH in arrays of dopant atoms occurs in the domination of a long-range Coulomb interaction, in which the hopping distance relies on the Coulomb gap. Furthermore, the localization length of ES-VRH can be modulated by gate voltages. Those factors lead to the significant difference of transition temperatures between the UHBs and LHBs. In addition, we find that the source–drain bias voltage can effectively modulate the transition temperatures between VRH and NNH by thermal activation energies under different bias voltages Vds.