bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hard Coal in the Fuel-Mix Of Poland: The Long-Term Perspective
Authors: Gawlik Lidia , Kaliski Maciej , Kamiński Jacek , Sikora Andrzej P. , Szurlej Adam 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper reviews the coal policy of Poland. It analyzes the forecasts of production and consumption of hard coal, the size of exports and imports and its importance for the energy sector on the basis of strategic documents. The main aim of the article is to show the role of hard coal in the fuel - energy balance of Poland until 2050. The adoption of appropriate assumptions for each scenario, including the maximum supply of hard coal from domestic mines, coal price curves, CO2emission allowances and several calculations performed allowed to obtain certain results on the basis of which the future role of hard coal was determined.
Tests and Examination of Drive Sheave in Mine Skip Hoist
Authors: Rokita Tomasz 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This article describes a certain stage of work aimed at strength analysis of the structure of drive sheaves in mine shaft hoists. The work was initiated in connection with the emergence of cracks in those sheaves as a result of operation, and is an attempt to develop a new improved design of the drive sheave.
The first stage involved several series of strain gauge measurements of stress in the drive sheaves of machines exposed to their rated load. Measurement technology and results are described in detail in (Rokita & Wójcik, 2013). The results of those measurements were the basis for FEM stress analysis and discussion of the changes in the structure of those sheaves.
This article focuses on a description of the developed computational models for the currently used sheaves, and presents the results of strength calculations. As a result of those actions, a new drive sheave design was developed, for which a computational model was also prepared and FEM calculations were performed.
Comparison of the results of calculations for both sheave models is, therefore, also an assessment of the impact of the proposed changes to the design of the drive sheave on its strength and durability. It was decided to adopt the results of strength analysis of the sheave assembly currently in service as the baseline for this assessment. This required not only the performance of a strength analysis on the basis of a specially developed drive sheave calculation model, but also identification and assessment of the allowable stress values for the analysed structure.
Road infrastructure in the regions of the Slovak Republic and Poland
Authors: Masárová Jana , Ivanová Eva 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
One of the important assumptions and factors of social and economic development of countries and their regions is road infrastructure. This is particularly true in countries where road transport is the largest component of overall transportation, such as in Slovakia and Poland. Road infrastructure as part of the transport infrastructure is here regarded as one of the main pillars for achieving economic growth, to increase competitiveness and prosperity, contributing to the development of the Trans-European transport network and the improvement of transport infrastructure in support of a single European market in order to ensure the free flow of goods, people and overall competitiveness of the EU. This article offers a comparison of road infrastructure in Slovakia and Poland, highlighting regional disparities in road infrastructure in these countries.
Multiple-land use practices in transfrontier conservation areas: the case of Greater Mapungubwe straddling parts of Botswana, South Africa and Zimbabwe
Authors: Sinthumule Ndidzulafhi Innocent 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Transfrontier Conservation Areas (TFCAs) have recently emerged as the 21st century approach to managing protected areas in southern Africa. Unlike national parks and other protected areas that place emphasis only on the protection of plant and animal species within their borders, transfrontier conservation areas promote conservation beyond the borders of protected areas. Consequently, this mega-conservation initiative encourage multiple land-use practices with the purpose of improving rural livelihoods whilst promoting biodiversity conservation. Thus, land parcels under different forms of tenure are brought together into a common nature conservation project. This study argues that the integration of various land-use practices within one area benefits conservation goals at the expense of local communities and irrigation farmers. To substantiate this argument, the study draws on fieldwork material collected in the Greater Mapungubwe Transfrontier Conservation Area spanning parts of Botswana, South Africa and Zimbabwe. The study concludes that multiple-land use practices in transfrontier conservation areas is only promoted by wildlife managers to gain access to extra land.
Method validation and determination of total iodine in seaweed bathwater
Authors: Westby Tarha , Duignan Geraldine , Smyth Thomas , Cadogan Aodhmar 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Seaweeds are a well-known natural source of iodine, although the quantity present varies depending on species, geographical location and season. Traditional seaweed baths contain hot water and seaweed but to date this bathwater matrix has not been studied. The objective of this study was to validate and apply the classical spectrophotometric Sandell-Kolthoff (SK) method for the analysis of total iodine in simulated seaweed bathwater. The principle of the method is based on the catalytic activity of iodide in the reduction of ceric ammonium sulphate being directly proportional to its concentration in the sample. Linear working range was from 30 μg l-1 to 300 μg l-1 iodine. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were determined to be 9 μg l-1 and 29 μg l-1, respectively. The intra-assay repeatability indicated a mean coefficient of variation (CV) <2.5%. Inter-assay precision over 7 days indicated a CV of 6.7%. Recovery ranged from 87% to 114%. Addition of seaweed to simulated bathwater results in an increase in iodine which was found to be dependent on the length of contact time and on the temperature, with higher amounts released at longer immersion times and higher temperatures. The data confirms that traditional seaweed baths containing Fucus serratus stimulate the release of iodine into bathwater.
Case Study Regarding Financial Performance in Terms of Cash Flow Return on Investment (CFROI) for Companies Listed and Traded on the Bucharest Stock Exchange, During 2006-2013
Authors: Balteş Nicolae , Vasiu Diana Elena 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The specialized literature suggests the modern analytical indicators of the listed companies’ potential, in their construction starting from the concept of value creation. One of this indicators is Cash Flow Return on Investment (CFROI-Rli), considered as the best measuring indicator of value creation. It represents an internal rate of return on investment, expressing in percentage the ratio between the gross cash flow for the period, after deducting amortization and total gross investments of the same period. This paper presents a case study regarding financial performance in terms of cash flow return on investment (CFROI), of Companies listed and traded on the Bucharest Stock Exchange, during 2006-2013.
The European Union and Minorities
Authors: Irimia Ana Irina 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
We are currently in the process of making a Europe where the elements of national sovereignty will be narrowed through the sharing of sovereignty and for collective security. Another trend in the field was that of regionalization of the importance and implications of this issue, explicitly or implicitly considered as belonging to Central and Eastern Europe. Such an assessment neglects the significance of a number of factors pertaining to the historical and political developments has on the matter, particularly regarding economic development of Central and Eastern Europe areas, and that the conflictual degeneration of perceiving ethnical, cultural and regional otherness is not a phenomenon which affects this space alone, but also the West. In contradiction with this point of view, some foreign experts in the field say it is a social reality that discrimination and intolerance connected to religion and ethnicity can be found in all meetings of the world and in countries with different economic development phases.
An Overview of Standards and Regulation Concerning Exposure to Radiofrequency Fields
Authors: Paljanos Annamaria , Munteanu Călin 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Technological development put international organisations to effort in order to issue and continuously reassess standards concerning electromagnetic radiation protection issues. Protection standards have to be continuously reviewed as new data become available. This article provides a brief overview of updates implemented by the latest available protection standards. Currently, standards do not incorporate appropriate safety factors for protection against long-term effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields, thus protection is provided only for the established short term effects of electromagnetic fields on the human body. However, there is still a great deal of questions related to differences in limitations set by international organisations that have issued recommendations for personnel protection against electromagnetic fields.
Tactics Used by the Terrorist Organisation Boko Haram
Authors: Pricopi Marius 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Boko Haram is no regular terrorist organization; although not as widely-known as the Islamic State or Al-Qaeda, Boko Haram has been declared the deadliest terror group of 2014. Fortunately, the organization seems to currently be on the run; and the successes of the Nigerian government in countering it have been founded on a timely understanding of its modus operandi.
This paper represents an inventory and an analysis of the main tactics employed by Boko Haram in Nigeria and Cameroon during the spike of its insurgence, between the years 2009-2014. Acknowledging these tactics in a timely manner did not only contribute in a significant manner to the present defeat of Boko Haram, as it may also be of use to governments from other countries in anticipating and efficiently thwarting future terrorist plots.
Mukai flops and ℙ-twists
Authors: Addington Nicolas , Donovan Will , Meachan Ciaran 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Associated to a Mukai flop

X
⇢

X
′

{X\dashrightarrow X^{\prime}}

is on the one hand a sequence of equivalences

D
b

⁢

(
X
)

→

D
b

⁢

(

X
′

)

{D^{b}(X)\to D^{b}(X^{\prime})}

, due to Kawamata and Namikawa, and on the other hand a sequence of autoequivalences of

D
b

⁢

(
X
)

{D^{b}(X)}

, due to Huybrechts and Thomas. We work out a complete picture of the relationship between the two. We do the same for standard flops, relating Bondal and Orlov’s derived equivalences to spherical twists, extending a well-known story for the Atiyah flop to higher dimensions.
The research and development in the engineering field in the higher education system of the Czech Republic and its international comparison
Authors: Kučera Zdeněk , Vondrák Tomáš 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The Czech Republic is at the forefront of the EU in the contribution of the manufacturing to the total gross value added. The Czech industry contributes significantly to the positive balance of trade of the country. The overall international competitiveness of the Czech Republic will depend upon the innovation performance of the manufacturing sector and its competitiveness on the foreign markets. A necessary condition for extending the share on the foreign markets is the effective harnessing of the national R&D capacity and a strong qualified local workforce. This contribution uses a bibliometric and a patent analysis for the assessment of the R&D carried out by the Czech higher education institutions (HEIs) oriented towards the engineering fields, and selected more general universities, and compares them with similar HEIs in a selected group of developed countries. The analysis indicates that the Czech publication activity in the field of engineering grows. The Czech publications in engineering are cited below the world average which indicates that their impact (and to some extent the quality of the underlying R&D) lags behind the world. The patent activity of the Czech HEIs is on the international scale rather weak. The patenting activity of the Czech HEIs strongly grows since the middle of the last decade. This may by a side effect of the new evaluation methodology which takes into account also the patents. The number of patents registered with the Czech Industrial Property Office increases but on the other hand the international patenting activities tend to stagnate. This gives rise to questions about the real value of the produced patents from the point of their importance for the export competitiveness of the Czech industry.
Are Stakeholders in Slovakia Ready for Community-Led Local Development? Case Study Findings
Authors: Bumbalová Monika , Takáč Ivan , Tvrdoňová Jela , Valach Martin 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
In the EU new programming period 2014-2020 the Leader approach become part of community-led local development (CLLD). Under Slovak conditions, partnerships, which intend to get the legal status of local action group (LAG), are currently in the process of preparing and formulating their CLLD Strategies. Leader approach is characterised by 7 principles, which should be horizontally presented throughout the implementation process. The multilevel governance presented in the implementation of Leader approach includes the management and implementation of rural development programme, through which the Leader is implemented, as well as, formation of LAGs, as the mediators of the approach at local level. Both levels may have supporting or constraining effects on the application of Leader principles in the Leader delivery. The paper focuses on analysing the differences between theory and practice in the conditions of the Slovak Republic when answering the evaluation question: Are stakeholders in Slovakia ready for community led local development? To answer the question, six LAGs were assessed using the focus group as the assessment tool. Representatives of the national authorities were interviewed in order to complete the picture of the evaluated topic. The study pointed out several shortcomings in basic preconditions allowing smooth application of the CLLD.
The Pygmalion Effect in Distance Learning: A Case Study at the Hellenic Open University
Authors: Niari Maria , Manousou Evaggelia , Lionarakis Antonis 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The Pygmalion Effect is the positive form of self-fulfilling prophecy and shows how teacher expectations influence student performance. According to this phenomenon, higher expectations can lead to an increase in performance. In this research qualitative methodology was adopted both in data collection, and in analysis, in order to investigate the impact of the Pygmalion Effect in distance adult learning. Observation was held in two Contact Sessions of the Postgraduate Module for Open and Distance Education (EKP65) of the School of Humanities at the Hellenic Open University (HOU). Also, 22 interviews were conducted, 6 with Tutors/Advisors and 16 with students of the same Postgraduate Module. The data analysis indicates that both Tutors/Advisors and postgraduate students shape form their expectations based on the behaviour as reflected in their first contact (telephone contact, face-to-face contact, written contact through the CV). Expectations originally are positive, though this could change due to mismatched following behaviour. Tutor’s expectations are expressed in verbal and non-verbal ways both in written and face-to-face communication. However, it is the non-verbal behaviour - and mainly the encouragement and the support towards the students - that influences their positive mood and attitude towards the learning object and distance learning itself. In conclusion, not to reject the educational trend according to which the adult learner has developed selfmotivation, we accept that Tutor’s expectations reflected in encouragement and support towards the student may influence the learning process.
Anticalins directed against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR-3) with picomolar affinities show potential for medical therapy and in vivo imaging
Authors: Richter Antonia , Skerra Arne 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMembers of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) family play a central role in angiogenesis as well as lymphangiogenesis and are crucial for tumor growth and metastasis. In particular, VEGFR-3 expression is induced in endothelial cells during tumor angiogenesis. We report the design of anticalins that specifically recognize the ligand-binding domains 1 and 2 of VEGFR-3. To this end, a library of the lipocalin 2 scaffold with 20 randomized positions distributed across its binding site was subjected to phage display selection and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) screening using the VEGF-C binding fragment (D1-2) or the entire extracellular region (D1-7) of VEGFR-3 as target proteins. Promising anticalin candidates were produced inEscherichia coliand biochemically characterized. Three variants with different receptor binding modes were identified, and two of them were optimized with regard to target affinity as well as folding efficiency. The resulting anticalins show dissociation constants down to the single-digit picomolar range. Specific recognition of VEGFR-3 on cells was demonstrated by immunofluorescence microscopy. Competitive binding versus VEGF-C was demonstrated for two of the anticalins withKivalues in the low nanomolar range. Based on these data, VEGFR-3 specific anticalins provide promising reagents for the diagnosis and/or therapeutic intervention of tumor-associated vessel growth.
Do we know what we are asking? Individual and group cognitive interviews1
Authors: Popper Miroslav , Petrjánošová Magda 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The paper deals with cognitive interview, a method for pre-testing survey questions that is used in pilot testing to develop new measures and/or adapt ones in foreign languages. The aim is to explore the usefulness of the method by looking at two questionnaires measuring anti-Roma prejudice. The first, the Stereotype Content Model (SCM), contains questions that are dominantly used to test two dimensions of social perceptions of various groups: warmth and competence. The second, Interventions for Reducing Prejudice against Stigmatized Minorities (INTERMIN) consists of the items most frequently used in contact research to measure attitudes, social distance, anxiety, trust and behavioural intentions towards outgroups. Two rounds of cognitive interviews were held on both questionnaires to verbally evaluate participants’ understanding and/or interpretation of the draft questions. The first round was attended by university students, while the second round (with improved versions of the questionnaires) was done with high school students, as they are the target group for planned interventions based on the contact paradigm. The paper explains the problems/difficulties the participants had answering some of the questions and our attempts at improving the questionnaires. The problems can be grouped around six issues: The first two deal with the strategies participants used to answer our questions – whom exactly did they have in mind when answering the questionnaires and whose viewpoint did they represent in their answers. The next four problems are around nuances in the formulations of our questions and generally have to do with how the participants interpreted our questions – they concern assumptions that distinct items were logically interconnected, the period of time and locality referred to in our questions, translation and transferability of meanings from one language to another and double negation.
Re-negotiating an ethics of care in Kenyan childhoods1
Authors: Arndt Sonja , Tesar Marek , Pupala Branislav , Kaščák Ondrej , Mbugua Tata 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Childhoods in contemporary Kenya are entangled with discourses of care in a post-colonial landscape. Such imaginaries of childhoods through discourses of ‘care’ and ‘charity’ are well established through Western lenses. Another lens that is often enacted is the lens of de-commercialised, un-spoilt, pure and innocent childhoods in the Kenyan landscape. In this study, the authors utilize Nel Nodding’s concept of an ethics of care, and a feminist lens, to explore this binary of Western views through real experiences of childhoods. This paper provides an analysis of childhoods as lived experiences in Kenya, and challenges constructions of children/childhoods as vulnerable, based upon observations and interviews conducted in Kenya in the remote area of Kwale County.
Teaching as a political act: The role of critical pedagogical practices and curriculum
Authors: Sinha Chetan 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The present paper is an inquiry into the role of the teacher in the context of the dominant Indian value system, an imposed curriculum and teacher-students interactions from the social psychological and critical interdisciplinary perspectives. The role of the school in the present modernist worldview is to frame and impart knowledge which may lead to economic growth. In this context, the role of the teacher is observed as being limited to a bearer of information rather than a leader who visualizes change and develops critical ability among students. Based on the theoretical framework of postformalism and collective/social identity, the current work argues that the role of the teacher is not limited to passively following and communicating mainstream values but involves constructing a new participative identity through critical pedagogical engagement and by acting as an active agent of social change.
The Gravity Model Approach: An Application on the Eco Was Trading Bloc
Authors: Luqman Afolabi O. , Abu Bakar Nor Aznin , Mukhriz Izraf Azman Aziz 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This study aims to examine bilateral trade flows across ECOWAS-15 nations with the use of a panel and cross section for the period of 1981-2013. The methodology carried out to achieve this objective involves the use of various techniques of estimation for the gravity model (Static and dynamic). More specifically, this study aims to investigate the formational impact of regional trade integration agreements on trade flows within a group of countries using the same currencies and ECOWAS at large. The main use of regional variables into gravity models is intended to determine whether RTAs lead to trade creation, or diversion. The results show the presence of a strong relationship among the factors of both RIAs and trade flows.