bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discrete adipose-derived stem cell subpopulations may display differential functionality after in vitro expansion despite convergence to a common phenotype distribution
Authors: Nielsen Frederik Mølgaard , Riis Simone Elkjær , Andersen Jens Isak , Lesage Raphaëlle , Fink Trine , Pennisi Cristian Pablo , Zachar Vladimir 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Background
Complex immunophenotypic repertoires defining discrete adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) subpopulations may hold a key toward identifying predictors of clinical utility. To this end, we sorted out of the freshly established ASCs four subpopulations (SPs) according to a specific pattern of co-expression of six surface markers, the CD34, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD146, and CD271, using polychromatic flow cytometry.

Method
Using flow cytometry-associated cell sorting and analysis, gating parameters were set to select for a CD73+CD90+CD105+ phenotype plus one of the four following combinations, CD34−CD146−CD271− (SP1), CD34−CD146+CD271− (SP2), CD34+CD146+CD271− (SP3), and CD34−CD146+CD271+ (SP4). The SPs were expanded 700- to 1000-fold, and their surface repertoire, trilineage differentiation, and clonogenic potential, and the capacity to support wound healing were assayed.

Results
Upon culturing, the co-expression of major epitopes, the CD73, CD90, and CD105 was maintained, while regarding the minor markers, all SPs reverted to resemble the pre-sorted population with CD34−CD146−CD271− and CD34−CD146+CD271− representing the most prevalent combinations, followed by less frequent CD34+CD146−CD271− and CD34+CD146+CD271− variants. There was no difference in the efficiency of adipo-, osteo-, or chondrogenesis by cytochemistry and real-time RT-PCR or the CFU capacity between the individual SPs, however, the SP2CD73+90+105+34-146+271- outperformed others in terms of wound healing.

Conclusions
Our study shows that ASCs upon culturing inherently maintain a stable distribution of immunophenotype variants, which may potentially disguise specific functional properties of particular downstream lines. Furthermore, the outlined approach suggests a paradigm whereby discrete subpopulations could be identified to provide for a therapeutically most relevant cell product.
Bile acid: a potential inducer of colon cancer stem cells
Authors: Farhana Lulu , Nangia-Makker Pratima , Arbit Evan , Shango Kathren , Sarkar Sarah , Mahmud Hamidah , Hadden Timothy , Yu Yingjie , Majumdar Adhip P. N. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Background
Although the unconjugated secondary bile acids, specifically deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA), are considered to be risk factors for colorectal cancer, the precise mechanism(s) by which they regulate carcinogenesis is poorly understood. We hypothesize that the cytotoxic bile acids may promote stemness in colonic epithelial cells leading to generation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that play a role in the development and progression of colon cancer.

Methods
Normal human colonic epithelial cells (HCoEpiC) were used to study bile acid DCA/LCA-mediated induction of CSCs. The expression of CSC markers was measured by real-time qPCR. Flow cytometry was used to isolate CSCs. T-cell factor/lymphoid-enhancing factor (TCF/LEF) luciferase assay was employed to examine the transcriptional activity of β-catenin. Downregulation of muscarinic 3 receptor (M3R) was achieved through transfection of corresponding siRNA.

Results
We found DCA/LCA to induce CSCs in normal human colonic epithelial cells, as evidenced by the increased proportion of CSCs, elevated levels of several CSC markers, as well as a number of epithelial–mesenchymal transition markers together with increased colonosphere formation, drug exclusion, ABCB1 and ABCG2 expression, and induction of M3R, p-EGFR, matrix metallopeptidases, and c-Myc. Inhibition of M3R signaling greatly suppressed DCA/LCA induction of the CSC marker ALDHA1 and also c-Myc mRNA expression as well as transcriptional activation of TCF/LEF.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that bile acids, specifically DCA and LCA, induce cancer stemness in colonic epithelial cells by modulating M3R and Wnt/β-catenin signaling and thus could be considered promoters of colon cancer.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of ultrasound-guided Seldinger peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC)
Authors: Tan Jianghong , Liu Liping , Xie Jing , Hu Lingli , Yang Qiaolan , Wang Honghong 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Background
Ultrasound-guided cannulation of deep mid-arm veins by a modified Seldinger (US-Seldinger) technique has been demonstrated to yield better puncture success rates and lower postoperative complication rates than direct cannulation of superficial veins near the elbow with a short peripheral cannula and peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) insertion through the cannula (non-US conventional method). Economic factors have been evaluated across different operators (i.e. nurses, radiologists, and general practitioners) and different venous catheter types (i.e. PICCs vs. central venous catheters). However, to our knowledge, data describing the economic evaluation on the aforementioned modified Seldinger technique are lacking. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of US-Seldinger technique (experimental group) compared with that of the non-US conventional method based on direct vein visualization (control group).

Results
A cohort of 360 subjects were assigned randomly to the experimental and control groups. Cost-effectiveness ratio (CER) analyses indicated that the effectiveness index (EI) for the experimental group was 89.29% (final CER = 3732.75), whereas that for the control group was 59.18% (final CER = 2492.98).

Conclusion
The US-Seldinger technique was found to be more cost-effective than the non-US conventional method. These findings support the use of the former in place of the traditional latter technique as a routine puncture technique and suggest that the update would improve intravenous therapy treatment for patients needing PICCs. This study should serve as a reference for national healthcare policy.
Trial registration ChiCTR-TRC-14004993
The MAX IV imaging concept
Authors: Matěj Zdeněk , Mokso Rajmund , Larsson Krister , Hardion Vincent , Spruce Darren 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe MAX IV Laboratory is currently the synchrotron X-ray source with the beam of highest brilliance. Four imaging beamlines are in construction or in the project phase. Their common characteristic will be the high acquisition rates of phase-enhanced images. This high data flow will be managed at the local computing cluster jointly with the Swedish National Computing Infrastructure. A common image reconstruction and analysis platform is being designed to offer reliable quantification of the multidimensional images acquired at all the imaging beamlines at MAX IV.
Physician heal thyself (Luke
4:23)
Authors: Hughes Jamie Hacker , Rao Amra Saleem , Dosanjh Neelam , Cohen-Tovée Esther , Clarke Jeremy , Bhutani Gita 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThe performance culture of the health service means that the psychological
well-being of staff is becoming paramount in maintaining the workforce and
in sustaining psychological health and morale. A Charter for Psychological
Staff Wellbeing and Resilience is introduced that puts the onus on us and on
employers to make the necessary adjustments to their workplace cultures and
encourage professionals – us – to break through the barrier of stigma.
Job stress and burnout in the care staff of Leros PIKPA Asylum 25 years after the first Deinstitutionalisation and Rehabilitation Greek Project
Authors: Bougea Anastasia , Kleisarchakis Manolis Kostas , Spantideas Nikolaos , Voskou Panagiota , Thomaides Thomas , Chrousos George , Belegri Sophia Andreas 
Published: December 2016

Aims and methodTo identify correlates between burnout and job stress of care staff at Leros PIKPA Asylum. Forty-nine asylum employees were assessed by Maslach's Burnout Inventory, a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Perceived Stress Scale and the Job Content Questionnaire.ResultsEmotional exhaustion is related negatively to social support (P = 0.010, r = −0.362). Lack of job achievements is related positively to overall job responsibility (P =0.040) and negatively to lack of job satisfaction (r = −0.430). Depersonalisation was negatively associated with support from superiors (P = 0.036). Employees with high levels of perceived stress reported higher levels of fatigue (P = 0.050). Positive associations of perceived stress with depression (P = 0.011) and sleep problems (P < 0.001) were also detected. Positive correlation was found between monthly salary and lack of sense of personal achievement (P = 0.020).Clinical implicationsIt is necessary to address these issues through staff education and stress management.
Long-term antidepressant treatment in general practice: changes in body mass index
Authors: Chiwanda Laura , Cordiner Matthew , Thompson Anne T. , Shajahan Polash 
Published: December 2016

Aims and methodTo discern changes in body mass index (BMI) in patients on long-term antidepressant treatment in a general practice population and establish BMI changes in patients with and without a diagnosis of diabetes. We used a retrospective observational method and identified patients on four antidepressants of interest. We excluded those who did not have start and current BMI readings within the past 3 years and noted whether or not patients had a diagnosis of diabetes.ResultsLong-term treatment with citalopram, fluoxetine, mirtazapine and sertraline was associated with increased BMI in two-thirds of patients. There was reduction in BMI in patients with diabetes and an increase in BMI for patients who did not have diabetes.Clinical implicationsAwareness of environmental factors and their impact on individuals is important. Medication is not the only cause of abnormal metabolic effects. Overall monitoring of physical health is important in all groups of patients.
Antiinflammatory and ROS Suppressive Effects of the Addition of Fiber to a High-Fat High-Calorie Meal
Authors: Ghanim Husam , Batra Manav , Abuaysheh Sanaa , Green Kelly , Makdissi Antoine , Kuhadiya Nitesh D. , Chaudhuri Ajay , Dandona Paresh 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Background:
Fiber intake is associated with a reduction in the occurrence of cardiovascular events and diabetes.

Objective:
To investigate whether the addition of fiber to a high-fat, high-calorie (HFHC) meal prevents proinflammatory changes induced by the HFHC meal.

Design:
Ten normal fasting subjects consumed an HFHC meal with or without an additional 30 g of insoluble dietary fiber on 2 separate visits. Blood samples were collected over 5 hours, and mononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated.

Results:
Fiber addition to the HFHC meal significantly lowered glucose excursion in the first 90 minutes and increased insulin and C-peptide secretion throughout the 5-hour follow-up period compared with the meal alone. The HFHC meal induced increases in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentrations, MNC reactive oxygen species generation, and the expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, and CD14. The addition of fiber prevented an increase in LPS and significantly reduced the increases in ROS generation and the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, TLR-4, and CD14. In addition, the meal increased Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-3 and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP-1B) messenger RNA and protein levels, which were inhibited when fiber was added.

Conclusions:
The addition of fiber to a proinflammatory HFHC meal had beneficial anti-inflammatory and metabolic effects. Thus, the fiber content of the American Heart Association meal may contribute to its noninflammatory nature. If these actions of dietary fiber are sustained following long-term intake, they may contribute to fiber’s known benefits in the prevention of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis.
Social Indicators and the Effectiveness of Social Transfers in Greece over the Recent Crisis
Authors: Botsari Maria , Mitrakos Theodoros 
Published: December 2016

<p>In this paper we present key statistics on poverty, inequality and social exclusion in Greece and the eurozone over the crisis period 2009-2014. The data presented in this paper reveal that six years of economic recession and usterity in Greece have had a significant negative impact on rates of poverty and social exclusion, which have reached historically unprecedented and socially unacceptable high levels. Our data and analyses suggest that the Welfare State, one of the major functions of which is to redistribute income collected through taxation via social transfers, is the least effective in Greece, among all eurozone countries, in alleviating poverty and income inequality. Greece is ranked last in the Eurozone in terms of trust in government, freedom of choice, perceived levels of public sector corruption, and happiness, and third and second to last, respectively, in terms of trust in others and social support. We argue that the erosion of the social fabric and the perceived quality of the Greek climate of trust appear to be part of the story of Greece being the biggest happiness loser among 125 countries from 2005-2007 to 2012-2014.</p>
Education in Conditions of Crisis in Greece: An Empirical Exploration (2000-2013)
Authors: Kantzara Vasiliki 
Published: December 2016

<p>The article aims at exploring the ramification of the crisis on education in terms of access to education, educational attainment of the population, funding, schools, teachers and students. These and other aspects of education are examined on basis of statistical data that has been collected and published by international agencies and Greek sources. In order to analyse fluctuations and trends, the data examined covers a period before and after the onset of the crisis (in 2009), namely from 2000 to 2013. In addition, socio-political developments and educational policy are taken into consideration, for they form the context in which education operates.The concept guiding this endeavour is equity; it is defined normatively as equality of opportunity and meritocracy, the two principles upon which social institutions function in a democratic society.The results point to differences in the ways education has been affected by the crisis: at micro and meso level, for example, the funding, the school units and the education personnel have been reduced; at macro level, access to education and education attainment continues to rise, but to a lesser degree than before the onset of the crisis. </p>
Updating Darwin: Information and entropy drive the evolution of life
Authors: Cohen Irun R. 
Published: December 2016

The evolution of species, according to Darwin, is driven by struggle – by competition between variant autonomous individuals forsurvival of the fittestand reproductive advantage; the outcome of this struggle for survival isnatural selection. The Neo-Darwinians reframed natural selection in terms of DNA: inherited genotypes directly encode expressed phenotypes; a fit phenotype means a fit genotype – thus the evolution of species is the evolution of selfish, reproducing individual genotypes. Four general characteristics of advanced forms of life are not easily explained by this Neo-Darwinian paradigm: 1) Dependence on cooperation rather than on struggle, manifested by the microbiome, ecosystems and altruism; 2) The pursuit of diversity rather than optimal fitness, manifested by sexual reproduction; 3) Life’s investment in programmed death, rather then in open-ended survival; and 4) The acceleration of complexity, despite its intrinsic fragility. Here I discuss two mechanisms that can resolve these paradoxical features; both mechanisms arise from viewing life as the evolution ofinformation. Information has two inevitable outcomes; it increases by autocatalyis and it is destroyed by entropy. On the one hand, the autocalalysis of information inexorably drives the evolution of complexity, irrespective of its fragility. On the other hand, only those strategic arrangements that accommodate the destructive forces of entropy survive – cooperation, diversification, and programmed death result from the entropic selection of evolving species. Physical principles of information and entropy thus fashion the evolution of life.
Ein Bibliotheksgesetz für Nordrhein-Westfalen. Bibliothekspolitischer Mythos, bibliothekspolitische Utopie oder realistische Perspektive?
Authors: Pilzer Harald 
Published: December 2016

Zusammenfassung
Das Land Nordrhein-Westfalen begeht 2016 seinen 70. Geburtstag. 1946 aus den ehemaligen preußischen Provinzen Rheinland und Westfalen hervorgegangen und 1947 um das ehemals selbständige Land Lippe erweitert, war die Bibliotheksstruktur des neuen Bundeslandes von wenigen Hochschulbibliotheken und in den verstädterten Kernbereichen an Rhein und Ruhr von großen kommunalen Bibliotheken geprägt, jedoch ohne zentrale landesbibliothekarische Strukturen. Diese mussten erst aufgebaut und arbeitsfähig gestaltet werden.
Der Artikel verfolgt die Absicht, anlässlich der durch einen neuerlich vorgelegten Entwurf zu einem „Landesbibliotheksgesetz“ im März 2016 ausgelösten Diskussion nachzuspüren, auf welche Situation der Gesetzentwurf reagiert. Dazu muss in der gebotenen Kürze die historische Entwicklung der landesbibliothekarischen Strukturen resümiert und breiter die jüngere Debatte um ein allgemeines Bibliotheksgesetz ab 2008 beleuchtet werden, um anschließend die strukturelle und fachliche Berechtigung und Aussage des neuen Gesetzentwurfs bewerten zu können. Der Artikel beleuchtet die Fokus- und Akzentverschiebungen unterschiedlicher Entwürfe und Vorhaben aus knapp 70 Jahren bibliothekarischer Gesetzesdiskussion. Dabei steht die Frage im Mittelpunkt, ob nicht anhängige landesbibliothekarische Grundsatzentscheidungen nicht nur dilatorisch sondern nahezu peremptorisch behandelt wurden, so dass jetzt wieder vermeintlich längst bei Seite Gelegtes als Grundsatz- und Strukturfrage wieder auftaucht. Angemerkt sei noch, dass der Tätigkeit des Autors entsprechend der Blickwinkel aus dem Öffentlichen Bibliothekswesen überwiegt.
Factors associated with a delayed diagnosis of pulmonary embolism
Authors: Nishiguchi Sho , Inada Haruka , Kitagawa Izumi , Tokuda Yasuharu 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Background: Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is frequently a fatal disease. The clinical presentation of PE is variable and frequently nonspecific, and there is commonly a diagnostic delay. We aimed to investigate factors associated with the delay in the diagnosis of PE.

Methods: Data from patients with PE were collected from January 2011 to December 2013 in an acute care teaching hospital. Time-to-diagnosis, evaluated by obtaining a diagnostic computed tomography scan, was then analyzed by the Cox proportional hazard model for examining factors associated with time to the diagnosis of PE. Independent variables included age, gender, activities of daily living, means of transport to the hospital, body temperature, hypoxemia, typical symptoms for PE, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations, infiltration on chest radiograph, Wells score, classification of patients with PE based on early mortality risk, patients referred from other specialties, daytime versus nighttime arrival, diagnosed by an emergency physician, and diagnosed by a medical resident.

Results: Sixty patients were included. The time to diagnosis was significantly delayed in low-risk patients (hazard ratio [HR], 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2–4.1) and in patients who did not use an ambulance (HR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.0–3.7). In an analysis of the latter subgroup, higher serum CRP concentrations were associated with a delayed diagnosis (HR, 1.1; 95% CI, 1.0–1.2).

Conclusion: The time to the diagnosis of PE was delayed in low-risk patients and in patients who attended the hospital by means other than an ambulance. In such patients, a delayed diagnosis was associated with higher serum CRP concentrations.
Reliability of IP Tunnels in Military Networks
Authors: Pólkowski Marcin , Laskowski Dariusz 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The military networks, contrary to commercial ones, require standards which provide the highest level of security and reliability. The process to assuring redundancy of the main connections through applying various protocols and transmission media causes problem with time needed to re-establish virtual tunnels between different locations in case of damaged link. This article compares reliability of different IP (Internet Protocol) tunnels, which were implemented on military network devices.
Network Reliability with Use of Various Transmission Media
Authors: Polak Rafał , Laskowski Dariusz 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The article refers to the impact of damage and dynamic variables on operation of routing protocols and consequently to the whole network (Technical Object - TO) determining its reliability and effectiveness. On this purpose, there was introduced the characteristic of the routing protocols and both an internal and an exterior gateway. Then, it was built the network architecture based on the TCP/IP stack. In the stack, there were created three autonomous systems and one of them was the backbone of the network. What is more, reliability tests, which have been performed, consisted of a resistance to physical damage to the network and dynamically changing parameters of the network as well as performance test.
Micromorphology of modern tills in southwestern Spitsbergen – insights into depositional and post-depositional processes
Authors: Skolasińska Katarzyna , Rachlewicz Grzegorz , Szczuciński Witold 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTextural properties and microstructures are commonly used properties in the analysis of Pleistocene and older glacial deposits. However, contemporary glacial deposits are seldom studied, particularly in the context of post-depositional changes. This paper presents the results of a micromorphological study of recently deposited tills in the marginal zones of Hansbreen and Torellbreen, glaciers in southwestern Spitsbergen. The main objectives of this study were to compare modern tills deposited in subglacial and supraglacial conditions, as well as tills that were freshly released from ice with those laid down several decades ago. The investigated tills are primarily composed of large clasts of metamorphic rocks and represent coarse-grained, matrix-supported diamictons. The tills reveal several characteristic features for ductile (e.g.turbate structures) and brittle (e.g.lineations, microshears) deformations, which have been considered to be indicative of subglacial conditions. In supraglacial tills, the same structures are common as in the subglacial deposits, which points to the preservation of the primary features, though the sediment was transferred up to the glacier surface due to basal ice layer deformation and redeposited as slumps, or to formation of similar structures due to short-distance sediment re-deposition by mass flows. This study revealed that it might not be possible to distinguish subglacial and supraglacial tills on the basis of micromorphology if the latter are derived from a subglacial position. The only noted difference was the presence of iron oxide cementation zones and carbonate dissolution features in supraglacial tills. These features were found in tills that were deposited at least a few years ago and are interpreted to be induced by early post-depositional processes involving porewater/sediment interactions.