bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Codeine Plus Acetaminophen for Pain After Photorefractive Keratectomy: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Add-On Trial
Authors: Pereira Vinicius B. P. , Garcia Renato , Torricelli Andre A. M. , Mukai Adriana , Bechara Samir J. 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Pain after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) is significant, and the analgesic efficacy and safety of oral opioids in combination with acetaminophen has not been fully investigated in PRK trials.

Purpose:
To assess the efficacy and safety of the combination of codeine plus acetaminophen (paracetamol) versus placebo as an add-on therapy for pain control after PRK.

Study design:
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Setting:
Single tertiary center.

Methods:
One eye was randomly allocated to the intervention, whereas the fellow eye was treated with a placebo. Eyes were operated 2 weeks apart. The participants were adults older than 20 years with refractive stability for ≥1 year, who underwent PRK for correction of myopia or myopic astigmatism. Codeine (30 mg) plus acetaminophen (500 mg) was given orally 4 times per day for 4 days after PRK. The follow-up duration was 4 months. The study outcomes included pain scores at 1 to 72 hours, as measured by the visual analog scale, McGill Pain Questionnaire, and Brief Pain Inventory, as well as adverse events and corneal wound healing.

Results:
Of the initial 82 eyes, 80 completed the trial (40 intervention, 40 placebo). Median (interquartile range) pain scores as measured by the visual analog scale were statistically and clinically lower during treatment with codeine/acetaminophen compared with the placebo: 1 hour: 4 (2–4) versus 6 (3–6), P < 0.001; 24 hours: 4 (3–6) versus 7 (6–9), P < 0.001; 48 hours: 1 (0–2) versus 3 (2–5), P < 0.001; and 72 hours: 0 (0–0) versus 0 (0–2), P = 0.001. Virtually identical results were obtained by the McGill Pain Questionnaire and Brief Pain Inventory scales. The most common adverse events with codeine/acetaminophen were drowsiness (42%), nausea (18%), and constipation (5%). No case of delayed epithelial healing was observed in both treatment arms.

Conclusions:
When added to the usual care therapy, the oral combination of codeine/acetaminophen was safe and significantly superior to the placebo for pain control after PRK.

Clinical Trial Registration:
URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02625753.
Sexual Violence Among College Students: An Examination of Individual and Institutional Level Factors Associated With Perpetration
Authors: Porta Carolyn M. , Mathiason Michelle A. , Lust Katherine , Eisenberg Marla E. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Background:
Sexual violence incidents involving college students have received media attention and increased awareness of this public health problem in the United States; prevention efforts are needed that target potential perpetrators. We examined characteristics of self-reported perpetrators of sexual violence on campuses.

Methods:
This study used a secondary data analysis of the 2015 College Student Health Survey, an annual survey, which was completed by students attending 17 colleges/universities in Minnesota. The analytic sample included 6,548 18-to 24-year-old college students who answered at least one of two questions assessing perpetration in the past 12 months (i.e., sex/sexual touch without consent). Chi-square tests were used to detect associations between perpetration and individual (e.g., age, race, substance use, victimization) and institutional (e.g., school type, location) level characteristics. Multiple logistic regression analyses identified predictive models for being a perpetrator of sexual violence.

Results:
Fifty-two students reported perpetration of sexual violence in the past year, including 29 rapes. Overall, self-reported perpetrators of sexual violence are more likely to be men, to have been a victim in his or her lifetime, to have smoked marijuana in the past 12 months (but not the past month), and to be younger (18 or 19 years old). Institutional level characteristics, including school type and location, did not yield significant associations with perpetration.

Discussion:
Sexual violence prevention and response efforts toward college students need to be inclusive, especially targeting individual level factors, and considerate of the victimization–perpetration comorbidity experienced by many students.
Shank-to-Vertical Angle in Ankle-Foot Orthoses: A Comparison of Static and Dynamic Assessment in a Series of Cases
Authors: Eddison Nicola , Healy Aoife , Needham Robert , Chockalingam Nachiappan 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Background
Tuning of ankle-foot orthosis footwear combinations (AFO-FC) has been shown to be effective in aligning the ground reaction force (GRF) closer to the joint rotation center of the lower limbs. The notion of “tuning” the AFO-FC is largely dependent on the shank-to-vertical angle (SVA), which is measured while the subject is static but is meant to represent the SVA in mid-stance.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to compare the SVA measured in standing position with the SVA at temporal mid-stance (TMST) in a series of cases.

Study Design
This study is a case series.

Methods
Four participants had their AFO-FC tuned to optimum SVA using video-based gait analysis with GRF overlay. Initially, the SVA was measured with the subject standing in relaxed stance on the force plate with approximately equal weight on both feet. The SVA was then assessed at TMST.

Results
The measurement of the SVA of the AFO-FC in relaxed stance seems to be the same as the measurement of the SVA in TMST.

Conclusions
Measuring the SVA of the AFO-FC in relaxed stance is an accurate way of determining the SVA at TMST.

Clinical Relevance
Ankle-foot orthosis footwear combination tuning is considered an essential aspect of AFO prescriptions. The SVA is a key principle of AFO-FC tuning. The method for determining the SVA has yet to be tested to ensure that the static measurement correlates to the dynamic measurement during gait.
Feasibility of a Powered Knee Joint in Providing Stance and Swing Phase Knee Flexion when Using a Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthosis
Authors: Rafiaei Masoud , Arazpour Mokhtar , Bahramizadeh Mahmood , Farahmand Farzam , Jamshidi Nima , Samadian Mohammad 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Background
The aim of this study was to develop a new stance control knee-ankle-foot orthosis (SCKAFO) and determine its efficacy on specific spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters.

Method
Seven healthy volunteer subjects participated in this study. After orthotic gait training, subjects participated in a four-part data collection session that consisted of gait evaluation with normal walking, SCKAFO with locked knee joint, SCKAFO without initial flexion (IF) mode, and SCKAFO with IF mode.

Results
Walking with any of the control knee-ankle-foot orthoses (KAFOs) produced a significant reduction in walking speed compared with normal walking. There was no significant difference in walking speed between the SCKAFO with and without IF. There was significantly higher knee flexion in stance phase when walking with the SCKAFO with IF compared with the other types of KAFO, but there was no significant difference between normal walking and SCKAFO with IF. In wearing SCKAFO with IF, the mean of the hip flexion was not significantly altered compared with normal walking. Hip abduction was also significantly reduced during walking with stance control (SC) mode compared to KAFO with locked knee joint.

Conclusion
Knee-ankle-foot orthosis with new powered knee joint has benefits over existing assistive KAFOs with locked and SC knee joints.
Intrarater Reliability of Muscle Strength and Hamstring to Quadriceps Strength Imbalance Ratios During Concentric, Isometric, and Eccentric Maximal Voluntary Contractions Using the Isoforce Dynamometer
Authors: Mau-Moeller Anett , Gube Martin , Felser Sabine , Feldhege Frank , Weippert Matthias , Husmann Florian , Tischer Thomas , Bader Rainer , Bruhn Sven , Behrens Martin 
Published: August 2017

Objective:
To determine intrasession and intersession reliability of strength measurements and hamstrings to quadriceps strength imbalance ratios (H/Q ratios) using the new isoforce dynamometer.

Design:
Repeated measures.

Setting:
Exercise science laboratory.

Participants:
Thirty healthy subjects (15 females, 15 males, 27.8 years).

Main Outcome Measures:
Coefficient of variation (CV) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated for (1) strength parameters, that is peak torque, mean work, and mean power for concentric and eccentric maximal voluntary contractions; isometric maximal voluntary torque (IMVT); rate of torque development (RTD), and (2) H/Q ratios, that is conventional concentric, eccentric, and isometric H/Q ratios (Hcon/Qcon at 60 deg/s, 120 deg/s, and 180 deg/s, Hecc/Qecc at −60 deg/s and Hiso/Qiso) and functional eccentric antagonist to concentric agonist H/Q ratios (Hecc/Qcon and Hcon/Qecc). High reliability: CV <10%, ICC >0.90; moderate reliability: CV between 10% and 20%, ICC between 0.80 and 0.90; low reliability: CV >20%, ICC <0.80.

Results:
(1) Strength parameters: (a) high intrasession reliability for concentric, eccentric, and isometric measurements, (b) moderate-to-high intersession reliability for concentric and eccentric measurements and IMVT, and (c) moderate-to-high intrasession reliability but low intersession reliability for RTD. (2) H/Q ratios: (a) moderate-to-high intrasession reliability for conventional ratios, (b) high intrasession reliability for functional ratios, (c) higher intersession reliability for Hcon/Qcon and Hiso/Qiso (moderate to high) than Hecc/Qecc (low to moderate), and (d) higher intersession reliability for conventional H/Q ratios (low to high) than functional H/Q ratios (low to moderate).

Conclusions:
The results have confirmed the reliability of strength parameters and the most frequently used H/Q ratios.
Disclosure of Diagnosis in Early Recognition of Psychosis
Authors: Blessing Andreas , Studer Anna , Gross Amelie , Gruss L. Forest , Schneider Roland , Dammann Gerhard 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
There is a debate concerning risks and benefits of early intervention in psychosis, especially concerning diagnosis disclosure. The present study reports preliminary findings on self-reported locus of control and psychological distress after the disclosure of diagnosis in an early recognition center. We compared the ratings of the locus of control and psychological distress before and after communication of diagnosis. The study included individuals with an at-risk mental state (ARMS) (n = 10), schizophrenia (n = 9), and other psychiatric disorders (n = 11). Results indicate greater endorsement of the internal locus of control in individuals with ARMS after communication of diagnosis in contrast to the other groups. Our results suggest that disclosure of diagnosis in an early recognition center leads to a reduction of psychological distress and increased feelings of control over one's health. Persons with ARMS seem to particularly benefit from disclosure of diagnosis as part of early intervention.
Brief Report: Inflammatory Colonic Innate Lymphoid Cells Are Increased During Untreated HIV-1 Infection and Associated With Markers of Gut Dysbiosis and Mucosal Immune Activation
Authors: Dillon Stephanie M. , Castleman Moriah J. , Frank Daniel N. , Austin Gregory L. , Gianella Sara , Cogswell Andrew C. , Landay Alan L. , Barker Edward , Wilson Cara C. 
Published: August 2017

Background:
HIV-1 infection is associated with intestinal inflammation, changes in the enteric microbiota (dysbiosis), and intestinal epithelial cell damage. NKp44+ innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) play an important role in epithelial barrier maintenance through the production of interleukin (IL)-22 but also display functional plasticity and can produce inflammatory cytokines [eg, interferon gamma (IFNγ)] in response to cytokine milieu and stimulatory signals. The objective of this pilot study was to enumerate frequencies of IL-22 and IFNγ-expressing colonic NKp44+ ILCs during untreated, chronic HIV-1 infection.

Setting:
A cross-sectional study was performed to compare numbers of cytokine-expressing ILCs in colonic biopsies of untreated, chronic HIV-1 infected (n = 22), and uninfected (n = 10) study participants. Associations between cytokine+ ILC and previously established measures of virological, immunological, and microbiome indices were analyzed.

Methods:
Multicolor flow cytometry was used to measure the absolute number of colonic CD3−NKp44±CD56± ILCs expressing IL-22 or IFNγ after in vitro mitogenic stimulation.

Results:
Numbers of colonic NKp44+ ILCs that expressed IFNγ were significantly higher in HIV-1 infected versus uninfected persons and positively correlated with relative abundances of dysbiotic bacterial species in the Xanthomonadaceae and Prevotellaceae bacterial families and with colonic myeloid dendritic cell and T-cell activation.

Conclusion:
Higher numbers of inflammatory colonic ILCs during untreated chronic HIV-1 infection that associated with dysbiosis and colonic myeloid dendritic cell and T-cell activation suggest that inflammatory ILCs may contribute to gut mucosal inflammation and epithelial barrier breakdown, important features of HIV-1 mucosal pathogenesis.
Impact of SMS/GPRS Printers in Reducing Time to Early Infant Diagnosis Compared With Routine Result Reporting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Vojnov Lara , Markby Jessica , Boeke Caroline , Penazzato Martina , Urick Brittany , Ghadrshenas Anisa , Harris Lindsay , Ford Nathan , Peter Trevor 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Despite significant gains made toward improving access, early infant diagnosis (EID) testing programs suffer from long test turnaround times that result in substantial loss to follow-up and mortality associated with delays in antiretroviral therapy initiation. These delays in treatment initiation are particularly impactful because of significant HIV-related infant mortality observed by 2–3 months of age. Short message service (SMS) and general packet radio service (GPRS) printers allow test results to be transmitted immediately to health care facilities on completion of testing in the laboratory.

Methods:
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the benefit of using SMS/GPRS printers to increase the efficiency of EID test result delivery compared with traditional courier paper–based results delivery methods.

Results:
We identified 11 studies contributing data for over 16,000 patients from East and Southern Africa. The test turnaround time from specimen collection to result received at the health care facility with courier paper–based methods was 68.0 days (n = 6835), whereas the test turnaround time with SMS/GPRS printers was 51.1 days (n = 6711), resulting in a 2.5-week (25%) reduction in the turnaround time.

Conclusions:
Courier paper–based EID test result delivery methods are estimated to add 2.5 weeks to EID test turnaround times in low resource settings and increase the risk that infants receive test results during or after the early peak of infant mortality. SMS/GPRS result delivery to health care facility printers significantly reduced test turnaround time and may reduce this risk. SMS/GPRS printers should be considered for expedited delivery of EID and other centralized laboratory test results.
Missing Value Imputation Approach for Mass Spectrometry-based Metabolomics Data
Authors: Wei Runmin , Wang Jingye , Su Mingming , Jia Erik , Chen Tianlu , Ni Yan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIntroductionMissing values exist widely in mass-spectrometry (MS) based metabolomics data. Various methods have been applied for handling missing values, but the selection of methods can significantly affect following data analyses and interpretations. According to the definition, there are three types of missing values, missing completely at random (MCAR), missing at random (MAR), and missing not at random (MNAR).ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to comprehensively compare common imputation methods for different types of missing values using two separate metabolomics data sets (977 and 198 serum samples respectively) to propose a strategy to deal with missing values in metabolomics studies.MethodsImputation methods included zero, half minimum (HM), mean, median, random forest (RF), singular value decomposition (SVD), k-nearest neighbors (kNN), and quantile regression imputation of left-censored data (QRILC). Normalized root mean squared error (NRMSE) and NRMSE-based sum of ranks (SOR) were applied to evaluate the imputation accuracy for MCAR/MAR and MNAR correspondingly. Principal component analysis (PCA)/partial least squares (PLS)-Procrustes sum of squared error were used to evaluate the overall sample distribution. Student’st-test followed by Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of imputation on univariate statistical analysis.ResultsOur findings demonstrated that RF imputation performed the best for MCAR/MAR and QRILC was the favored one for MNAR.ConclusionCombining with “modified 80% rule”, we proposed a comprehensive strategy and developed a public-accessible web-tool for missing value imputation in metabolomics data.
Feed-forward and Feedback Control in Astrocytes for Ca2+-based Molecular Communications Nanonetworks
Authors: Barros Michael Taynnan , Dey Subhrakanti 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSynapses plasticity depends on the gliotransmitters’ concentration in the synaptic channel. And, an abnormal concentration of gliotransmitters is linked to neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Epilepsy. In this paper, a theoretical investigation of the cause of the abnormal concentration of gliotransmitters and how to achieve its control are presented through a Ca2+-signalling-based molecular communications framework. A feed-forward and feedback control technique is used to manipulate IP3 values to stabilise the concentration of Ca2+ inside the astrocytes. The theoretical analysis of the given model aims i) to stabilize the Ca2+ concentration around a particular desired level in order to prevent abnormal gliotransmitters’ concentration (extremely high or low concentration can result in neurodegeneration), ii) to improve the molecular communication performance that utilises Ca2+ signalling, and maintain gliotransmitters’ regulation remotely. It shows that the refractory periods from Ca2+ can be maintained to lower the noise propagation resulting in smaller time-slots for bit transmission, which can also improve the delay and gain performances. The proposed approach can potentially lead to novel nanomedicine solutions for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, where a combination of nanotechnology and gene therapy approaches can be used to elicit the regulated Ca2+ signalling in astrocytes, ultimately improving neuronal activity.
Genomics of Natural Populations: Evolutionary Forces that Establish and Maintain Gene Arrangements inDrosophila pseudoosbscura
Authors: Fuller Zachary L. , Haynes Gwilym D. , Richards Stephen , Schaeffer Stephen W. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe evolution of complex traits in heterogeneous environments may shape the order of genes within chromosomes.Drosophila pseudoobscurahas a rich gene arrangement polymorphism that allows one to test evolutionary genetic hypotheses about how chromosomal inversions are established in populations.D. pseudoobscurahas >30 gene arrangements on a single chromosome that were generated through a series of overlapping inversion mutations with > 10 inversions with appreciable frequencies and wide geographic distributions. This study analyzes the genomic sequences of 54 strains ofDrosophila pseudoobscurathat carry one of six different chromosomal arrangements to test whether (1) genetic drift, (2) hitchhiking with an adaptive allele, (3) direct effects of inversions to create gene disruptions caused by breakpoints, or (4) indirect effects of inversions in limiting the formation of recombinant gametes are responsible for the establishment of new gene arrangements. We found that the inversion events do not disrupt the structure of protein coding genes at the breakpoints. Population genetic analyses of 2,669 protein coding genes identified 277 outlier loci harboring elevated frequencies of arrangement-specific derived alleles. Significant linkage disequilibrium occurs among distant loci interspersed between regions with low levels of association indicating that distant allelic combinations are held together despite shared polymorphism among arrangements. Outlier genes showing evidence of genetic differentiation between arrangements are enriched for sensory perception and detoxification genes. The data presented here support the indirect effect of inversion hypothesis where chromosomal inversions are favored because they maintain linked associations among multi-locus allelic combinations among different arrangements.
Structural and functional MRI from a cross-sectional Southwest University Adult lifespan Dataset (SALD)
Authors: Wei Dongtao , Zhuang Kaixiang , Chen Qunlin , Yang Wenjing , Liu Wei , Wang Kangcheng , Sun Jiangzhou , Qiu Jiang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRecently, the field of developmental neuroscience has aimed to uncover the developmental trajectory of the human brain and understand the changes that occur as a function of aging. Here we present an adult lifespan dataset of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data including structural MRI and resting-state functional MRI. 494 healthy adults (age range: 19-80 years; Males=187) were recruited and completed two multi-modal MRI scan sessions in the Brain Imaging Central of Southwest University, Chongqing, China. The goals of the dataset are to give researchers the opportunity to map the developmental trajectory of structural and functional changes of human brain and to replicate previous findings.