bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transferability between Isolated Joint Torques and a Maximum Polyarticular Task: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Costes Antony , Villeger David , Moretto Pierre , Watier Bruno 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The aims of this study were to determine if isolated maximum joint torques and joint torques during a maximum polyarticular task (i.e. cycling at maximum power) are correlated despite joint angle and velocity discrepancies, and to assess if an isolated joint-specific torque production capability at slow angular velocity is related to cycling power. Nine cyclists completed two different evaluations of their lower limb maximum joint torques. Maximum Isolated Torques were assessed on isolated joint movements using an isokinetic ergometer and Maximum Pedalling Torques were calculated at the ankle, knee and hip for flexion and extension by inverse dynamics during cycling at maximum power. A correlation analysis was made between Maximum Isolated Torques and respective Maximum Pedalling Torques [3 joints x (flexion + extension)], showing no significant relationship. Only one significant relationship was found between cycling maximum power and knee extension Maximum Isolated Torque (r=0.68, p<0.05). Lack of correlations between isolated joint torques measured at slow angular velocity and the same joint torques involved in a polyarticular task shows that transfers between both are not direct due to differences in joint angular velocities and in mono-articular versus poly articular joint torque production capabilities. However, this study confirms that maximum power in cycling is correlated with slow angular velocity mono-articular maximum knee extension torque.
Application of A Physiological Strain Index in Evaluating Responses to Exercise Stress – A Comparison Between Endurance and High Intensity Intermittent Trained Athletes
Authors: Pokora Ilona , Żebrowska Aleksandra 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The study evaluated differences in response to exercise stress between endurance and high-intensity intermittent trained athletes in a thermoneutral environment using a physiological strain index (PSI). Thirty-two subjects participated in a running exercise under normal (23°C, 50% RH) conditions. The group included nine endurance trained athletes (middle-distance runners - MD), twelve high-intensity intermittent trained athletes (soccer players - HIIT) and eleven students who constituted a control group. The exercise started at a speed of 4 km·h–1 which was increased every 3 min by 2 km·h–1 to volitional exhaustion. The heart rate was recorded with a heart rate monitor and aural canal temperature was measured using an aural canal temperature probe. The physiological strain index (PSI) and the contribution of the circulatory and thermal components to the overall physiological strain were calculated from the heart rate and aural canal temperature. The physiological strain index differed between the study and control participants, but not between the MD and HIIT groups. The physiological strain in response to exercise stress in a thermoneutral environment was mainly determined based on the circulatory strain (MD group - 73%, HIIT group – 70%). The contribution of the circulatory and thermal components to the physiological strain did not differ significantly between the trained groups (MD and HIIT) despite important differences in morphological characteristics and training-induced systemic cardiovascular and thermoregulatory adaptations.
Differences in Physiological Responses to Interval Training in Cyclists With and Without Interval Training Experience
Authors: Hebisz Rafal , Hebisz Paulina , Borkowski Jacek , Zatoń Marek 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine differences in glycolytic metabolite concentrations and work output in response to an all-out interval training session in 23 cyclists with at least 2 years of interval training experience (E) and those inexperienced (IE) in this form of training. The intervention involved subsequent sets of maximal intensity exercise on a cycle ergometer. Each set comprised four 30 s repetitions interspersed with 90 s recovery periods; sets were repeated when blood pH returned to 7.3. Measurements of post-exercise hydrogen (H+) and lactate ion (LA-) concentrations and work output were taken. The experienced cyclists performed significantly more sets of maximal efforts than the inexperienced athletes (5.8 ± 1.2 vs. 4.3 ± 0.9 sets, respectively). Work output decreased in each subsequent set in the IE group and only in the last set in the E group. Distribution of power output changed only in the E group; power decreased in the initial repetitions of set only to increase in the final repetitions. H+ concentration decreased in the third, penultimate, and last sets in the E group and in each subsequent set in the IE group. LA- decreased in the last set in both groups. In conclusion, the experienced cyclists were able to repeatedly induce elevated levels of lactic acidosis. Power output distribution changed with decreased acid–base imbalance. In this way, this group could compensate for a decreased anaerobic metabolism. The above factors allowed cyclists experienced in interval training to perform more sets of maximal exercise without a decrease in power output compared with inexperienced cyclists.
The Influence of High-Altitude Acclimatization on Ventilatory and Blood Oxygen Saturation Responses During Normoxic and Hypoxic Testing
Authors: Ušaj Anton , Burnik Stojan 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We investigated how acclimatization effects achieved during a high-altitude alpinist expedition influence endurance performance, ventilation (

V
˙

E

${\dot V_E}$

) and blood oxygen saturation (SaO2) in normoxic (NOR) and hypoxic conditions (HYP). An incremental testing protocol on a cycle ergometer was used to determine the power output corresponding to the Lactate (PLT) and Ventilatory Threshold (PVT) in NOR and HYP (FiO2=0.13) as indirect characteristics of endurance performance in both conditions. Furthermore, changes in

V
˙

E

${\dot V_E}$

, SaO2, blood pH and Pco2 were measured at a similar absolute exercise intensity of 180 W in NOR and HYP conditions. Seven experienced alpinists (mean ± SD: age: 50 ± 6 yrs; body mass: 76 ± 5 kg; body height: 175 ± 8 cm) volunteered to participate in this study after they had reached the summit of Gasherbrum II and Ama Dablam. They had therefore experienced the limitations of their acclimatization. Individual differences of PLT between values reached after and before the expedition (∆PLT) correlated (r = 0.98, p = 0.01) with differences of SaO2 (∆SaO2) in HYP, and differences of PVT (∆PVT) correlated (r = -0.83, p = 0.02) with differences of

V
˙

E

(

Δ

V
˙

E

)

${\dot V_E}\left( {\Delta {{\dot V}_E}} \right)$

in HYP. The results suggest that the acclimatization may not have an equivocal and simple influence on the performance in hypoxia: enhanced blood oxygen saturation may be accompanied by increased endurance only, when the increase exceeded 2-3%, but enhanced ventilation, when increased more than 10 l/min in HYP, could detrimentally influence endurance.
Lower Limb Neuromuscular Asymmetry in Volleyball and Basketball Players
Authors: Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe Azahara , Gual Gabriel , Romero-Rodriguez Daniel , Unnitha Viswanath 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The primary objective of the present study was to evaluate the agreement between the dominant leg (DL) (determined subjectively) and the stronger leg (SL) (determined via a functional test) in a group of basketball and volleyball players. The secondary objective was to calculate lower limb neuromuscular asymmetry when comparing the DL vs the non-dominant leg (NDL) and the SL vs the weaker (WL) leg in the whole group and when differentiating by sex. Seventy-nine male and female volleyball and basketball players (age: 23.7 ± 4.5 years) performed three single-leg vertical countermovement jumps (SLVCJ) on a contact mat. Vertical jump height and an inter-limb asymmetry index (ASI) were determined. Only 32 (40%) of the subjects had a concordance between the perception of their dominant leg and the limb reaching the highest jump height. Using the DL as the discriminating variable, significant (p<0.05) inter-limb differences were found in the total group of players. When comparing between sexes, significant differences (p<0.05) arose in the female group only. With regard to the WL vs. the SL, significant (p<0.05) differences were noted in the whole group and when stratified into males and females. The mean ASI ranged from 9.31% (males) to 12.84% (females) and from 10.49% (males) to 14.26% (females), when comparing the DL vs. the NDL and the SL vs. the WL, respectively. Subjective expression of leg dominance cannot be used as a predictor of limb jump performance. Vertical jump asymmetry of 10-15% exists and this can be considered as a reference value for male and female basketball and volleyball players.
Acute Effect of Different Combined Stretching Methods on Acceleration and Speed in Soccer Players
Authors: Amiri-Khorasani Mohammadtaghi , Calleja-Gonzalez Julio , Mogharabi-Manzari Mansooreh 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of different stretching methods, during a warm-up, on the acceleration and speed of soccer players. The acceleration performance of 20 collegiate soccer players (body height: 177.25 ± 5.31 cm; body mass: 65.10 ± 5.62 kg; age: 16.85 ± 0.87 years; BMI: 20.70 ± 5.54; experience: 8.46 ± 1.49 years) was evaluated after different warm-up procedures, using 10 and 20 m tests. Subjects performed five types of a warm-up: static, dynamic, combined static + dynamic, combined dynamic + static, and no-stretching. Subjects were divided into five groups. Each group performed five different warm-up protocols in five non-consecutive days. The warm-up protocol used for each group was randomly assigned. The protocols consisted of 4 min jogging, a 1 min stretching program (except for the no-stretching protocol), and 2 min rest periods, followed by the 10 and 20 m sprint test, on the same day. The current findings showed significant differences in the 10 and 20 m tests after dynamic stretching compared with static, combined, and no-stretching protocols. There were also significant differences between the combined stretching compared with static and no-stretching protocols. We concluded that soccer players performed better with respect to acceleration and speed, after dynamic and combined stretching, as they were able to produce more force for a faster execution.
The El Dorado of Handball? Foreign Female Players Stay, while Domestic Players Return from Abroad
Authors: Bon Marta , Topič Mojca Doupona , Šibila Marko 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The main purpose of this research was to study the characteristics of migration in European women’s handball based on the Slovenian example and to find the differences between the foreigners coming to Slovenia and the Slovenians transferring to foreign clubs. The research was based on 16 open face-to-face semi-structured interviews (8 Slovenians (age 29.5 ± 6.2 years) and 8 foreigners (age 35.5 ± 8.7 years)). We found out that the most powerful factor in foreigners was the financial one, while within Slovenian players it was their personal desire for progression within their sport, the club’s reputation and poor conditions in their previous club. The results confirm that when making a decision on transfer, all players had the support of family and friends, while the clubs of foreign players were not as supportive. Most interviewees considered their careers successful and did not regret going abroad. The research indicates that the largest differences discovered between Slovenians and foreigners were that foreign female players chose to stay in the new country (Slovenia), while domestic players returned home after few years playing abroad. In conclusion, the results show that in top-level handball there are important differences between migration models which are based on nationality and also that the migration models change throughout time, which is largely connected with the socioeconomic events in the country of origin or transfer.
Coaches’ Preferences for Continuing Coaching Education in South Africa
Authors: Kubayi Alliance , Coopoo Yoga , Morris-Eyton Heather 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine coaches’ preferences for continuing coaching education. The sample consisted of 122 male and 102 female coaches from the Gauteng Province of South Africa who were purposively recruited to participate in this study. The results of this study showed that the coaches wanted to learn more about motivational techniques, advanced instructional drills, advanced first aid, goal setting, character building and conditioning drills. The results further indicated that sport coaches would be more likely to continue their coaching education if they had a desire to coach at a high level, if topics were relevant and if courses were in line with league requirements and were available online. The practical implications of the findings for the development of coaching education programmes in South Africa were discussed.
Case Study of Mental Skills Training for a Taekwondo Olympian
Authors: Lim TaeHee , O’Sullivan David Michael 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to identify the effect of systematic mental skills training (MST) for a taekwondo gold medallist. Based on MST of other sports, this programme was designed for a single subject who competed in the Olympics. The Korean test of performance strategies, Sport Attributional Style in Korean Athletes, and a few sessions of interviews were applied to investigate the effect of MST. The pre and post-test mean scores of both the Korean test of performance strategies and Sport Attributional Style in Korean Athletes were compared. Interviews recorded the athlete’s psychological characteristics. Excluding the ‘activation’ variable, all of the psychological skills, e.g. self-talk (4.25–5), emotional control (3.75–4.5), automaticity (3.75–4.25), goal setting (4.5–5), imagery (4.25–5), negative thinking (3.25–4.75), anxiety management (4.5–5), and physical and mental condition (4.5–5) improved. MST is believed to have helped the athlete succeed.
The apophonic chain and the form of weak and strong verbs in Palestinian Arabic
Authors: Faust Noam 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper explores the logic behind the various morpho-phonological subdivisions in the verbal system of Palestinian Arabic. It argues for the importance in the understanding of Palestinian Arabic of the apophonic chain proposed for Classical Arabic in Guerssel and Lowenstamm (1993). In Palestinian, it is first argued, the Measure 1 perfective template includes a hard-wired association of its two vocalic positions; the main differences in vocalization between the Palestinian and Classic varieties follow from this fact. The account is then extended to include three large subclasses of weak verbs. Following the analysis of Classical Arabic in Chekayri and Scheer (1996), it is argued that such verbs involve a null element ø, whose realization is determined by the apophonic chain. The second part of the paper provides an account of the entire inflectional paradigms of each of the verbs discussed, a task that was not fully undertaken in previous work. The mechanism of apophony is shown to be at work in this domain, too. An interesting case is discussed of an apparent shift in inflectional paradigm in some forms of the biradical verb. This shift is again shown to follow from the general mechanisms used in the analysis.
Generäle auf Abwegen?
Authors: Fröhlich Paul , Kranz Alexander 
Published: April 2016

Vorspann
Was für eine Art von totalitärer Herrschaft war das Dritte Reich? Welche Rolle spielte Adolf Hitler? Und wie kam es zu der tödlichen Dynamik, die zwischen 1939 und 1945 fast die ganze Welt in Atem hielt? Antworten auf diese Fragen hat es viele gegeben, nicht zuletzt im Zuge der Kontroverse zwischen den Strukturalisten und den Funktionalisten unter den NS-Historikern. Mit dem Vorschlag eines erweiterten Polykratiemodells ist unter dem Schlagwort „Neue Staatlichkeit“ wieder Bewegung in die Debatte gekommen. Paul Fröhlich und Alexander Kranz greifen diesen Vorschlag auf und prüfen seine Tauglichkeit am Beispiel der Karrieren zweier Generäle, die heute fast vergessen sind, Ende der 1930er/Anfang der 1940er Jahre aber eine wichtige Rolle bei der Neuordnung des politisch-militärischen Komplexes auf dem Weg in den Totalen Krieg spielten.
Visuomotor Learning Generalizes Around the Intended Movement
Authors: Day Kevin A. , Roemmich Ryan T. , Taylor Jordan A. , Bastian Amy J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractHuman motor learning is useful if it generalizes beyond the trained task. Here, we introduce a new idea about how human visuomotor learning generalizes. We show that learned reaching movements generalize around where a person intends to move (i.e., aiming direction) as opposed to where they actually move. We used a visual rotation paradigm that allowed us to disentangle whether generalization is centered on where people aim to move, where they actually move, or where visual feedback indicates they moved. Participants reached to a visual target with their arm occluded from view. The cursor feedback was rotated relative to the position of their unseen hand to induce learning. Participants verbally reported their aiming direction, reached, and then were shown the outcome. We periodically introduced single catch trials with no feedback to measure learning. Results showed that learning was maximal at the participants’ aiming location, and not at the actual hand position or where the cursor was displayed. This demonstrates that visuomotor learning generalizes around where we intend to move rather than where we actually move, and thus introduces a new role for cognitive processes beyond simply reducing movement error.
Un viaje a las intimidades del guión y del guionista. Sobre El guión como profecía, de Gabrio Zapelli-Cerri.
Authors: Ovares-Gutiérrez Tobías 
Published: April 2016

<p>Recensión. </p><p>Zapelli-Cerri, Gabrio. (2014) El guión como profecía. Costa Rica: EUNA.</p>
Contribuciones teóricas para la construcción de epistemologías otras no androcéntricas: una aproximación al planteamiento feminista de Gloria Comesaña Santalices
Authors: Stephen-Chaves María Laura 
Published: April 2016

<p>Pretendo identificar, mediante el estudio de algunos de sus textos, las principales contribuciones teóricas que ha realizado la pensadora Gloria Comesaña Santalices para el proceso de construcción de una/s epistemología/s feminista/s, mediante el acercamiento a propuestas alternativas a las epistemologías androcéntricas que se han constituido como dominantes a lo largo de la historia. Asimismo, haré referencia a aspectos claves de la epistemología feminista que plantea la autora Comesaña Santalices, mediante un recorrido por la terminología con que desarrolla sus planteamientos.<strong></strong></p>
Infraestructura Vial y crecimiento económico: Caso Parroquias Sevilla Don Bosco y San Isidro, Provincia de Morona Santiago, Ecuador
Authors: Zurita Vaca Mauricio , Amboya Soqueb Renato , Barba Castro Elizabeth 
Published: April 2016

<p align="center"><strong>RESUMEN</strong></p><p>Las parroquias mencionadas en esta investigación son eminentemente agrícolas y han mostrado un crecimiento de su producción en los últimos años gracias al cultivo de tubérculos (yuca y malanga) destinados a la exportación, esta situación se complementa con la ejecución de proyectos de asfaltado de carreteras por parte del Gobierno Autónomo de Morona Santiago, por ello la investigación realizada se canalizó hacia la determinación del nivel de influencia de esta infraestructura vial sobre el crecimiento económico de las parroquias Sevilla Don Bosco y San Isidro entre los años 2011 y 2014, con el desarrollo de un modelo econométrico de crecimiento endógeno, que considera a la mano de obra y la inversión en insumos agrícolas como pilares de la producción y los kilómetros de vías asfaltadas, como resultado del análisis. La investigación determina, que la infraestructura la infraestructura vial Sevilla Seipa y Proaño San Isidro tuvo una influencia positiva en el crecimiento económico de las parroquias antes mencionadas, sin embargo, en contraste con la literatura económica analizada al respecto, no tuvo una influencia determinante debido a que la inversión privada fue fundamental para determinar sus posibilidades de producción y generar crecimiento económico.</p><p> </p><p><em> </em></p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>The parishes mentioned in this research are predominantly agricultural and have shown economic growth recently based on in two products of exportation: cassava and malanga; this situation is complemented by the implementation of asphalt roads projects by the Morona Santiago´s Autonomous Government, so the research was oriented to determinate the influence level of road infrastructure over economic growth in the Sevilla Don Bosco and San Isidro´s parishes between 2011 and 2014, through the development of an econometric model of endogenous growth, which considers work force and investment in agricultural inputs as pillars of the production additionally paved road kilometers, as an enhancer factor of economic growth. The conclusion is about the road infrastructure Sevilla Seipa and Proaño San Isidro had a positive influence on the economic growth of these parishes, however, in contrast to the economic literature discussed, it didn´t have a great influence because the private investment was essential to determine the potential production and generates economic growth.</p>
Virus asociados al amarillamiento de Hibiscus sabdariffa en Guerrero, México
Authors: Velázquez-Fernández Patricia , Zamora-Macorra Erika Janet , Ochoa-Martínez Daniel Leobardo , Negrete-Fernández Grisel , Hernández-Morales Javier 
Published: April 2016

En la zona productora de jamaica (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) del estado de Guerrero en el ciclo otoño-invierno 2014 se observaron cinco parcelas con una incidencia de 90 a 100 % de plantas con aclaramiento de nervaduras, mosaico y amarillamiento. Se colectaron plantas asintomáticas y con los síntomas antes descritos y se injertaron en plantas sanas de jamaica observándose clorosis de venas y mosaico 17 días después en las plantas injertadas con hojas que mostraban síntomas. Se extrajo DNA y RNA de tejido de las plantas colectadas en campo y de las injertadas que mostraron síntomas y se analizó para fitoplasmas, begomovirus, virus de la familia Potyviridae y Okra mosaic virus (OkMV). Los resultados para fitoplasmas, virus de la familia Potyviridae y Okra mosaic virus fueron negativos. Sólo se tuvo el amplicón esperado en el caso de begomovirus. Las secuencias de ocho plantas con síntomas colectadas en campo tuvieron una similitud del 95 % con Okra yellow mosaic Mexico virus (OkYMMV). Dos plantas con síntomas colectadas en campo mostraron un porcentaje de similitud menor a otros begomovirus. Los resultados obtenidos indican que el amarillamiento de la jamaica está asociado a un complejo de begomovirus en el que se encuentra presente el OkYMMV.