bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biosynthetically Guided Structure–Activity Relationship Studies of Merochlorin A, an Antibiotic Marine Natural Product
Authors: López‐Pérez Borja , Pepper Henry P. , Ma Rong , Fawcett Benjamin J. , Pehere Ashok D. , Wei Qi , Ji Zengchun , Polyak Steven W. , Dai Huanqin , Song Fuhang , Abell Andrew D. , Zhang Lixin , George Jonathan H. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe onset of new multidrug‐resistant strains of bacteria demands continuous development of antibacterial agents with new chemical scaffolds and mechanisms of action. We present the first structure–activity relationship (SAR) study of 16 derivatives of a structurally novel antibiotic merochlorin A that were designed using a biosynthetic blueprint. Our lead compounds are active against several Gram‐positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (SA), methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) and Bacillus subtilis, inhibit intracellular growth of Mycobacterium bovis, and are relatively nontoxic to human cell lines. Furthermore, derivative 12 c {(±)‐(3aR,4S,5R,10bS)‐5‐bromo‐7,9‐dimethoxy‐4‐methyl‐4‐(4‐methylpent‐3‐en‐1‐yl)‐2‐(propan‐2‐ylidene)‐1,2,3,3a,4,5‐hexahydro‐6H‐5,10b‐methanobenzo[e]azulene‐6,11‐dione} was found to inhibit the growth of Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG)‐infected cells at concentrations similar to rifampicin. These results outperform the natural product, underscoring the potential of merochlorin analogues as a new class of antibiotics.
Nonlinear micro‐CT based FE modeling of trabecular bone—Sensitivity of apparent response to tissue constitutive law and bone volume fraction
Authors: Sabet F.A. , Jin O. , Koric S. , Jasiuk I. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this study, the sensitivity of the apparent response of trabecular bone to different constitutive models at the tissue level was investigated using finite element (FE) modeling based on micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT). Trabecular bone specimens from porcine femurs were loaded under a uniaxial compression experimentally and computationally. The apparent behaviors computed using von Mises, Drucker‐Prager, and Cast Iron plasticity models were compared. Secondly, the effect of bone volume fraction was studied by changing the bone volume fraction of a trabecular bone sample while keeping the same basic architecture. Also, constitutive models' parameters of the tissue were calibrated for porcine bone, and the effects of different parameters on resulting apparent response were investigated through a parametric study. The calibrated effective tissue elastic modulus of porcine trabecular bone was 10±1.2 GPa, which is in the lower range of modulus values reported in the literature for human and bovine trabecular bones (4–23.8 GPa). It was also observed that, unlike elastic modulus, yield properties of tissue could not be uniquely calibrated by fitting an apparent response from simulations to experiments under a uniaxial compression. Our results demonstrated that using these 3 tissue constitutive models had only a slight effect on the apparent response. As expected, there was a significant change in the apparent response with varying bone volume fraction. Also, both apparent modulus and maximum stress had a linear relation with bone volume fraction.
Synthesis and Characterization of Tb‐Doped Nanoferrites
Authors: Rękorajska Aleksandra , Cichowicz Grzegorz , Cyranski Michal K. , Grden Michal , Pekala Marek , Blanchard Gary J. , Krysinski Pawel 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTb3+‐substituted superparamagnetic iron‐oxide‐based nanoparticles (NPs) that can be promising for possible multimodal drug carrier and radiotherapy are presented. These NPs were obtained using a reverse micelle template method with controlled micelle size. The atomic ratio of Tb/Fe ions was found to be very close to that expected from the stoichiometry of the reagents used. Aqueous suspensions of Tb‐doped nanoferrites are emissive with emission peaks characteristic for the Tb3+ dopant. Time‐resolved fluorescence decay data revealed two populations occupying inequivalent matrix sites. Above 80 K the Tb‐doped nanoferrites were superparamagnetic, which is a prerequisite for their use as carriers in magnetic‐field‐driven targeted therapies. The incorporation of up to 15 at.% of Tb3+ in their core resulted in a decrease of magnetization. Nevertheless, this magnetization appears to be sufficient for their use as carriers in an external magnetic field, and, of equal importance, stable isotope 159Tb3+ could be replaced by radioactive 161Tb3+, yielding multimodal NPs, suitable for conjugated therapies such as radiotherapy and magnetothermal therapy, as well as targeted drug delivery.
Physical layer security for dual‐hop FSO/RF system using generalized ΓΓ/η−μ fading channels
Authors: Kumar Ambrish , Garg Parul 
Published: November 2017

SummaryWe investigate the physical layer security of decode‐and‐forward–relayed free space optics (FSO)/radio frequency (RF) communication system. In this network, the eavesdropper exists after relay node and overhears RF transmission. Further, FSO being a line‐of‐sight transmission is assumed to be secure from eavesdroppers. Here, we have the Gamma‐Gamma (ΓΓ) distribution for FSO link and generalized η−μ distribution for RF link. The security for information transmission to the legitimate user in the presence of an eavesdropper is measured in terms of secrecy capacity and secrecy outage probability. Deriving the probability density function and cumulative distribution function of end‐to‐end signal‐to‐noise ratio, the closed‐form expressions for security parameters are achieved. The numerical analysis of the proposed system is done under the influence of atmospheric turbulence effects and various fading conditions. The results have been verified through simulation.
Mitral valve pressure gradient after percutaneous mitral valve repair: every beat counts
Authors: Lavall Daniel , Scheller Bruno , Werner Christian , Buob Axel , Mahfoud Felix 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA patient presented with symptoms of decompensated heart failure 2 months after percutaneous mitral valve (MV) repair. Echocardiography demonstrated impaired left ventricular function with elevated MV pressure gradients and pulmonary pressures during rapid atrial fibrillation. Heart rate control was achieved by implantation of a biventricular pacemaker with subsequent His‐bundle ablation because atrial fibrillation was refractory to medical treatment. During biventricular pacing at different rates (50–110 b.p.m.), heart rate correlated positively with both MV mean pressure gradient and global longitudinal strain and negatively with stroke volume. MV pressure gradients directly translated into elevated pulmonary pressures. Thus, rate control and biventricular pacing improved cardiac haemodynamics.
Halo effects from agency behaviors and communion behaviors depend on social context: Why technicians benefit more from showing tidiness than nurses do
Authors: Gräf Michael , Unkelbach Christian 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe investigate halo effects from agency behaviors and communion behaviors in different social contexts. According to the salient dimension model, attributes elicit halo effects on the ratings of other, unrelated attributes when they are relevant in a situation. Given that communion behaviors are more relevant in social and care‐related jobs, they should elicit stronger halo effects than agency behaviors in this context. In the context of scientific and technical jobs, this difference should be weakened or even reversed. Three experiments support the predicted interaction of context and behavior on halo effects. This interaction was stronger for negative than for positive behaviors. These results have implications for understanding the basic processes of halo effects as well as their real‐world effects in job‐related contexts.
Framing Smallholder Irrigation in a New Business Context
Authors: Madramootoo Chandra A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSmallholder irrigators in large publicly funded irrigation schemes are poorly linked to markets and input supplies of fertilizers, seeds, machinery, pumps, etc., as well as to credit and extension services. Consequently, there is very low crop water productivity and large amounts of water wasted in smallholder irrigation. A new irrigation business model is proposed, which is linked to markets and value chains. In addition, the business model incorporates aspects of capacity building, innovation and entrepreneurship in the rural sector. It is hoped that through application of this irrigation business model, vastly improved water use efficiency, as well as higher incomes and economic benefits, can be realized by smallholder irrigators. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of subchronic immunotoxicity of four different types of aluminum‐based nanoparticles
Authors: Park Eun‐Jung , Lee Sang Jin , Lee Gwang‐Hee , Kim Dong‐Wan , Yoon Cheolho , Lee Byoung‐Seok , Kim Younghun , Chang Jaerak , Lee Kyuhong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractNanoparticles (NPs) have recently emerged as an inhalable pollutant, owing to their applications, aluminum‐based NPs (Al‐NPs) have been prioritized for toxicity testing. In the current study, we compared the pulmonary biopersistence and subsequent toxicity of four different types of Al‐NPs (two rod‐type aluminum oxide NPs [AlONPs] with different aspect ratios [short (S)‐ and long (L)‐AlONPs], spherical aluminum cerium oxide NPs [AlCeO3, AlCeONPs] and spherical γ‐aluminum oxide hydroxide nanoparticles [AlOOHNPs]) 13weeks after a single intratracheal instillation, considering the importance of their properties in their toxicity. We found that the pulmonary biopersistence of Al‐NPs was strengthened by a high aspect ratio in the rod‐type AlONPs and by the presence of hydroxyl groups in the spherical‐type Al‐NPs. The highest toxicity was observed in the mice treated with AlOOHNPs, which showed low biostability. More importantly, we identified that the commercially available AlCeONPs were Al2O3‐coated CeO2 NPs, but not AlCeO3 NPs, although they have been sold under the trade name of AlCeONPs. In conclusion, the aspect ratio and biostability may be important factors in the determination of the biopersistence of NPs and the subsequent biological response. In addition, the physicochemical properties of NPs should be examined in detail before their release into the market to prevent unexpected adverse health effects.
Hemolysis and IgA‐antibodies against tissue transglutaminase: When are antibody test results no longer reliable?
Authors: Wolf Johannes , Haendel Norman , Remmler Johannes , Kutzner Carl Elias , Kaiser Thorsten , Mothes Thomas 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundAntibodies against tissue transglutaminase (TTG) of isotype IgA (IgA‐aTTG) represent reliable diagnostic markers to confirm or exclude celiac disease (CD). Hemolysis (HL) is an important pre‐analytical factor. HL can be quantified as HL index (HI) correlating with the concentration of free hemoglobin. TTG is abundant in erythrocytes and released upon HL. In immunoassays, the released TTG may interfere with binding of IgA‐aTTG to the coated TTG.MethodsWe selected 17 HL‐free sera from children with biopsy‐confirmed CD: 7 with low‐positive (1‐5 multiples of upper limit of normal [×ULN]), 5 with intermediate (5‐10 × ULN) and 5 with high IgA‐aTTG (10‐15 × ULN). Sera were spiked with hemolysates resulting in HIs ranging from 12.5 to 800 (12.5‐800 mg/dL free hemoglobin).ResultsIgA‐aTTG values were significantly decreased (>10%) after addition of hemolysates even if HL was invisible (HI <50). This effect is diagnosis‐relevant if IgA‐aTTG values are measured just below the cut‐offs: (i) 0.4‐1 × ULN at HI ≥25 (CD not excludable) and (ii) 8.5‐10 × ULN at HI ≥200 (diagnosis of CD without biopsy not possible). Antibodies against deamidated gliadin were not influenced by HL.ConclusionsIgA‐aTTG results in sera with HI ≥25 can yield inconclusive results. Therefore, those antibody results should be assessed only under consideration of the HI.
χ‐bounds, operations, and chords
Authors: Trotignon Nicolas , Pham Lan Anh 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA long unichord in a graph is an edge that is the unique chord of some cycle of length at least 5. A graph is long unichord free if it does not contain any long unichord. We prove a structure theorem for long unichord free graph. We give an time algorithm to recognize them. We show that any long unichord free graph G can be colored with at most colors, where ω is the maximum number of pairwise adjacent vertices in G.
Role of MJO in modulating rainfall characteristics observed over India in all seasons utilizing TRMM
Authors: Anandh P. C. , Vissa Naresh Krishna , Broderick Ciarán 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTThe present study aims to understand the influence of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) on the seasonal and diurnal characteristics (amplitude and phase) of rainfall over the Indian subcontinent (lat. 10°S–38°N, long. 60°–100°E). The study is conducted for the period 1998–2015 and for each Indian season. To accomplish this, the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data set (3B42, version 7) is examined using indices quantifying rainfall frequency percentage and rainfall octet contribution, respectively. The real‐time multivariate (RMM) index developed by Wheeler and Hendon (2004) is used to partition the MJO into active, weak and suppressed phases. The results show that during active and weak phases (suppressed), positive (negative) rainfall anomalies are observed and the frequency of rainfall events is enhanced (lessened) over the most of the geometrically distinct regions. This finding is common to all seasons but is most prominent for weak phases (restricted to RMM phases 2–5) of the MJO during the monsoon season. Results suggest that the eastward propagation of the MJO over the Indian Ocean modulates rainfall across the India and neighbouring seas and countries – irrespective of the RMM index amplitude. Most works previously published focuses on the diurnal rainfall characteristics of the Indian summer monsoon (JJAS). The present study extends current understanding by investigating diurnal variation in rainfall related to the mean, active, weak and suppressed phases of MJO for each Indian season. Possible drivers of the diurnal cycle of rainfall over the oceans and continental regions were explored using recently reported observational and modelling studies. Our findings help understand rainfall processes for the Indian subcontinent and have practical application for numerical weather prediction, flood forecasting and water resource management regionally.
Pharmacist‐led therapeutic drug monitoring: implementation of a successful credentialing model
Authors: Cairns Kelly A. , O'Brien Daniel JW. , Corallo Carmela E. , Guidone Daniel M. , Dooley Michael J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractExtended scope of practice roles for pharmacists are relatively new in the Australian hospital setting; however they are increasing in uptake. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) represents a critical area for the involvement of pharmacists. The Alfred Health Pharmacy Department introduced a pharmacist‐led TDM program in 2012 for the vancomycin and aminoglycoside antibiotics. Following the development of an in‐house credentialing program, nearly 160 pharmacists have been successfully credentialed through the initial program and 95 pharmacists through annual re‐credentialing to date. The credentialing program consists of both initial credentialing (including a didactic lecture, pre‐reading, multiple choice questions and real‐life clinical cases) and annual re‐credentialing (including multiple choice questions and real‐life clinical cases). This paper aims to describe the innovative credentialing program that has been developed and sustained to meet the needs of a vancomycin and aminoglycoside pharmacist‐led therapeutic drug monitoring program.
Effect of ultra‐superheated steam on aflatoxin reduction and roasted peanut properties
Authors: Pukkasorn Parawee , Ratphitagsanti Wannasawat , Haruthaitanasan Vichai 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDAflatoxins are carcinogenic toxins produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus that are found naturally in peanut. It requires extremely high temperatures to eliminate aflatoxins from the nuts. The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of ultra‐superheated steam (USS) on the reduction of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) accompanying the roasting process and to determine roasted peanut qualities that affected consumer acceptance.RESULTSWhole peanut kernels were intentionally contaminated by AFB1 standard solution at the level of 50 ± 10 µg kg−1 before subjecting to USS treatment at 300–400 °C between 10 and 80 s. The high temperature of USS could significantly decrease AFB1 level to 9.83 ± 3.51, 15.33 ± 2.23 and 8.95 ± 2.32 µg kg−1 when 300 °C for 80 s, 350 °C for 40 s and 400 °C for 40 s were employed, respectively. AFB1 was reduced as much as 83.86 ± 2.66% when 400 °C for 40 s was applied. The moisture content of treated peanuts was decreased to less than 3% and browning index was developed from 30.96 ± 1.59 to 95.76 ± 7.23.CONCLUSIONHigher roasting degree was obtained according to the increase in browning index. Oil quality showed that peroxide values and acid values were greatly below the allowance level. USS could effectively decrease AFB1 and render expectable roasting qualities of peanut. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Assessment of ecosystems: A system for rigorous and rapid mapping of floodplain forest condition for Australia's most important river
Authors: Cunningham Shaun C. , Griffioen Peter , White Matt D. , Nally Ralph Mac 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMethods that provide rapid assessments of changing ecosystems at multiple scales are needed to inform management to address undesirable change. We developed a remote‐sensing method in partnership with, and for use by, natural resource managers to predict annually stand condition of floodplain forests along Australia's longest river, the Murray River. A measure of stand condition, which was developed in collaboration with responsible natural resource managers, is a function of plant area index, crown extent, and the percentage live basal area. We surveyed a broad range of spatial and temporal variation in condition, built predictive stand‐condition models using satellite‐derived variables, and validated predictions with surveys of new sites. A multiyear model using data from 2 drought years and a year following extensive floods provided better predictions of stand condition than did models on the basis of the data for individual years. The model provided good predictions for data collected after the build for 50 sites and for resurveys of build sites in later years (R2 ≥ 0.86). There was limited, temporary improvement in stand condition after the extensive flooding (2010 to late 2010) that followed a 13‐year (1997 to early 2010) drought. Forest condition can be mapped accurately and annually at medium resolution (25 × 25 m) for large areas (100,000s ha) if quantitative ground surveys, satellite imagery, machine learning, and future validation are combined. Regular assessments of forest condition can be related to likely causes of change by using regular, rapid assessments and hence can provide important management information.
Relation between denaturation time measured by optical coherence reflectometry and thermal lesion depth during radiofrequency cardiac ablation: Feasibility numerical study
Authors: González‐Suárez Ana , Herranz David , Berjano Enrique , Rubio‐Guivernau Jose L. , Margallo‐Balbás Eduardo 
Published: November 2017

Background/ObjectiveRadiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation is a minimally invasive medical procedure used to thermally destroy the focus of cardiac arrhythmias. Novel optical techniques are now being integrated into RF catheters in order to detect the changes in tissue properties. Loss of birefringence due to fiber denaturation at around 70°C is related to changes in accumulated phase retardation and can be measured by polarization‐sensitive optical coherence reflectometry (PS‐OCR). Since irreversible thermal lesions are produced when the tissue reaches 50°C, our goal was to seek the mathematical relationship between both isotherms.Materials and MethodsA two‐dimensional model based on a coupled electric‐thermal problem was built and solved using the finite element method. The model consisted of cardiac tissue, blood, and a non‐irrigated electrode with a sensor embedded in its tip to maintain a specific target electrode temperature. Computer simulations were conducted by varying the tissue characteristics. Lesion depth was estimated by the 50°C isotherm, while the denaturation time (TD) was taken as the time at which the 70°C isotherm reached a depth of 0.75 mm (which corresponds to the optical depth reached by PS‐OCR technology).ResultsA strong correlation (R2 > 0.83) was found between TD and lesion depth and an even stronger correlation (R2 > 0.96) was found between TD and the time required to achieve a specific lesion depth. For instance, the ablation time required to ensure a minimum lesion depth of 3 mm was 1.33 × TD + 3.93 × seconds.ConclusionsThe computer results confirmed the strong relationship between denaturation time and lesion depth and suggest that measuring denaturation time by PS‐OCR could provide information on the ablation time required to reach a specific lesion depth. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:222–229, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Photo‐Decomposable Sub‐Micrometer Albumin Particles Cross‐Linked by ortho‐Nitrobenzyl Derivatives
Authors: Li Huiying , Xiong Yu , Zhang Yixian , Tong Weijun , Georgieva Radostina , Bäumler Hans , Gao Changyou 
Published: November 2017

AbstractStimuli‐responsive particles are widely used as carriers for on‐demand delivery of drugs, genes, proteins, etc., due to their response to environmental stimuli. In this study, photoresponsive albumin sub‐micrometer particles are fabricated by using ortho‐nitrobenzyl derivative 4‐bromomethyl‐3‐nitrobenzoic acid (BNBA) as a cross‐linker. Bovine serum albumin (BSA)‐doped MnCO3 particles are used as the sacrificial template, in which the BSA molecules are cross‐linked by BNBA under the activation of 4‐(4,6‐dimethoxy‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)‐4‐methylmorpholinium chloride. After removal of MnCO3 particles by ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, photoresponsive BSA–BNBA sub‐micrometer particles are obtained. Since the CN bond formed via reaction of benzyl bromide and amine is photocleavable, the particles can be decomposed upon UV irradiation at 365 nm under acidic environment. The loaded macromolecules can be released upon UV irradiation, exhibiting great potential applications of the particles in the field of controlled release.
A Prerequisite of the Poly(ε‐Caprolactone) Self‐Induced Nanohybrid Shish–Kebab Structure Formation: An Ordered Crystal Lamellae Orientation Morphology of Fibers
Authors: Wang Xiaofeng , Gao Yanhong , Xu Yiyang , Li Xuyan , Jiang Jing , Hou Jianhua , Han WenJuan , Li Qian , Shen Changyu 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe shish–kebab structure has been extensively applied in many fields; however, the formation mechanism is still an open question. In this study, different electrospun poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) fibers are applied as the shish material in a self‐induced crystallization process, and two different self‐induced crystal structures are obtained. The PCL fibers with an ordered crystalline morphology lead to an induced crystalline structure with the crystal lamellae perpendicular to the fiber axis. However, the PCL fibers with a disordered structure induce a complicated (less ordered) crystalline lamellae morphology. Investigation of the surface crystalline structure reveals that the self‐induced nanohybrid shish–kebab (SINSK) structure follows a lattice matching and epitaxial growth mechanism. The internal crystalline structure of PCL nanofibers plays a dominant role in the formation of the SINSK structure. This study may prove helpful in screening materials for formation of the SINSK structure.