bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sharp thresholds for half‐random games I
Authors: Groschwitz Jonas , Szabó Tibor 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTWe study biased Maker‐Breaker positional games between two players, one of whom is playing randomly against an opponent with an optimal strategy. In this paper we consider the scenario when Maker plays randomly and Breaker is “clever”, and determine the sharp threshold bias of classical graph games, such as connectivity, Hamiltonicity, and minimum degree‐k. We treat the other case, that is when Breaker plays randomly, in a separate paper.The traditional, deterministic version of these games, with two optimal players playing, are known to obey the so‐called probabilistic intuition. That is, the threshold bias of these games is asymptotically equal to the threshold bias of their random counterpart, where players just take edges uniformly at random. We find, that despite this remarkably precise agreement of the results of the deterministic and the random games, playing randomly against an optimal opponent is not a good idea: the threshold bias tilts significantly more towards the random player. An important qualitative aspect of the probabilistic intuition carries through nevertheless: the bottleneck for Maker to occupy a connected graph is still the ability to avoid isolated vertices in her graph. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 49, 766–794, 2016
Dynamics of task allocation in global software development
Authors: Imtiaz Salma , Ikram Naveed 
Published: October 2016

AbstractContextGlobal software development (GSD) promises high‐quality software at low cost. GSD enables around‐the‐clock development to achieve maximum production in a short period of time by using expertise around the globe. This development is only possible if tasks are effectively distributed among sites to ensure smooth development. Therefore, one of the key challenges of GSD is to design a task allocation strategy.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to identify various factors that influence task allocation decisions in GSD and to assess their relative importance. We also aim to determine the interrelationship between the factors along with role played by product architecture and communication and coordination needs during task allocation.MethodsWe used multiple methods to collect data about the task allocation factors and process. A web‐based survey of 54 GSD practitioners from around the globe was conducted to identify the factors and their relative importance for task allocation decision. The selection of the sample was performed via the snowball sampling technique. To increase the sample size, the survey was also posted on social media, that is, Facebook, LinkedIn, and Twitter. Nonparametric statistical tests were applied on the response data to identify correlations and significance. Interviews were conducted from 11 project managers having 10 to 30 years GSD experience to gain insight into the dynamics of task allocation process.ResultsThe survey results highlight “expertise,” “site characteristics,” and “task site dependency” as the most important factors for a task allocation decision. The interview study has highlighted the importance of situation‐specific decision making during task allocation. The significance of factors varies with the characteristics of task, characteristics of organization, type of GSD, and objective of doing GSD. The culture and time differences between distributed sites have been assigned a low priority by the majority of the practitioners. The most common way of distributing task is functional area of expertise and phase‐based division, where detailed architecture is not considered. Interdependent modules are not allocated to distributed sites because of communication and coordination overhead. Our results also demonstrate a correlation between various factors and support Conway's law.ConclusionsWe have interesting results in which certain factors are ranked differently from the prevalent views in the GSD literature. The survey results have also confirmed the application of Conway's law in practice for task allocation, where interdependent modules are not allocated to distributed sites. The significance of factors varies with characteristics of task, characteristics of organization, type of GSD, and objective of GSD, which require trade‐off between factors. The need of a well‐defined situation‐specific task allocation framework is evident from the results of survey and interview study. The outline of a task allocation framework for GSD is presented.
Platelet‐Activating Factor Quantification Using Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography and Selected Reaction Monitoring in Negative Ion Mode
Authors: Pike Daniel P. , Hartman Celine L. , Weissler Gregory J. , Palladino Elisa N. D. , Albert Carolyn J. , Ford David A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPlatelet‐activating factor (PAF) is a potent biologically active phospholipid that mediates human physiological and pathophysiologic responses. PAF levels increase transiently and are typically assessed by techniques with limitations related to expense, sensitivity, pre‐analysis derivatization and interference with isobaric molecules. This study elucidates a facile, accurate liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analytical method for PAF. In negative ion mode using electrospray ionization, collisionally‐activated dissociation analysis showed a unique product ion for acetate adducts of PAF molecular species representing the loss of methyl acetate from the polar head group and loss of a part of the acetate group from the sn‐2 position. This product ion was exploited for selected reaction monitoring of PAF molecular species following separation by reversed‐phase liquid chromatography. Standard calibration responses were determined, and this method was able to detect as low as 100 fmol of PAF. Finally, PAF molecular species were quantified in human neutrophils and monocytes.
Omic studies reveal the pathogenic lipid droplet proteins in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Zhang Xuelin , Wang Yang , Liu Pingsheng 
Published: October 2016

AbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an epidemic metabolic condition driven by an underlying lipid homeostasis disorder. The lipid droplet (LD), the main organelle involved in neutral lipid storage and hydrolysis, is a potential target for NAFLD therapeutic treatment. In this review, we summarize recent progress elucidating the connections between LD-associated proteins and NAFLD found by genome-wide association studies (GWAS), genomic and proteomic studies. Finally, we discuss a possible mechanism by which the protein 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 13 (17β-HSD13) may promote the development of NAFLD.
Comparación entre 3 modelos para el entrenamiento en el cierre de una herida superficial
Authors: Valderrama-Treviño Alan Isaac , Granados Romero Juan José , Méndez-Celis Carlos Aarón , Chernitzky-Camaño Jonathan , Barrera Mera Baltazar , Montalvo-Javé Eduardo , Argüero Sánchez Rubén 
Published: October 2016

Introducción: La simulación médica ha sido empleada para facilitar la enseñanza de procedimientos diagnósticos y terapéuticos, así como conceptos médicos, toma de decisiones, aspectos éticos y trabajo en equipo con estudiantes de pregrado, posgrado y médicos ya formados así como en otros profesionales de la salud.
Objetivos: Elaborar un simulador de piel para el entrenamiento en competencias básicas quirúrgicas del Pregrado Médico. Evaluar la adquisición de competencias básicas en cirugía en un grupo de alumnos de Pregrado.
Métodos: En un grupo de 90 alumnos de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México del segundo año de la carrera Médico General, se les evaluó durante dos periodos la adquisición de competencias básicas y manejo de instrumental para el cierre de una herida superficial simulada. Se dividieron en tres subgrupos de acuerdo al uso de modelos biológicos/no biológicos. Análisis estadístico: Al comparar más de dos grupos utilizamos el análisis de la varianza con un factor o de una vía, prueba ANOVA.
Resultados: Se construyeron 6 simuladores por cada cartucho de silicón, obteniendo una lámina superficial de 2-4 mm de grosor que posee comportamiento elástico, consistencia blanda, lisa, flexible y resistente. Se compararon las evaluaciones finales de los tres subgrupos. Encontramos que existe diferencia entre el uso de piel sintética y pata de puerco en comparación con el uso del conejo en la evaluación final del punto Sarnoff y subdérmico.
Conclusiones: En nuestro estudio demostramos mejor adquisición de competencias quirúrgicas al utilizar un simulador no biológico, probablemente por el entrenamiento constante y fácil manipulación de dicho modelo.
In-flight wing deformation measurements on a glider
Authors: Bakunowicz J. , Meyer R. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTFlight testing is both vital for collecting data for aeronautic research and at the same time fascinating for its contributors. Taking a glider as a versatile test bed example, this paper presents a transnational measurement campaign within the framework of a collaborative project funded by the European Commission. This project Advanced In-Flight Measurement Techniques 2 (AIM²) is a follow-up of Advanced In-Flight Measurement Techniques (AIM) and dedicated to developing and enhancing promising optical metrology for various flight test applications up to an industrial level.The Image Pattern Correlation Technique (IPCT) and infrared thermography (IRT) are two of these modern non-intrusive measurement methods that were further developed and applied to the glider test bed within the scope of AIM². Focusing on optical deformation measurements with IPCT the experimental setup, the flight testing and results are summarily discussed. Gliders are not commonly used flight test platforms, which is why this contribution concludes with some lessons learned in general and especially related to the presented application. The experience to be shared with the flight testing community addresses equipment preparation, data collection and processing as well as how to meet official requirements and perform test flight operations in a dense controlled airspace.
Robust identification of dynamically distinct regions in stratified turbulence
Authors: Portwood G. D. , de Bruyn Kops S. M. , Taylor J. R. , Salehipour H. , Caulfield C. P. 
Published: October 2016

We present a new robust method for identifying three dynamically distinct regions in a stratified turbulent flow, which we characterise as quiescent flow, intermittent layers and turbulent patches. The method uses the cumulative filtered distribution function of the local density gradient to identify each region. We apply it to data from direct numerical simulations of homogeneous stratified turbulence, with unity Prandtl number, resolved on up to $8192\times 8192\times 4096$ grid points. In addition to classifying regions consistently with contour plots of potential enstrophy, our method identifies quiescent regions as regions where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}/\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}N^{2}\sim O(1)$, layers as regions where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}/\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}N^{2}\sim O(10)$ and patches as regions where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}/\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}N^{2}\sim O(100)$. Here, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}$ is the dissipation rate of turbulence kinetic energy, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}$ is the kinematic viscosity and $N$ is the (overall) buoyancy frequency. By far the highest local dissipation and mixing rates, and the majority of dissipation and mixing, occur in patch regions, even when patch regions occupy only 5 % of the flow volume. We conjecture that treating stratified turbulence as an instantaneous assemblage of these different regions in varying proportions may explain some of the apparently highly scattered flow dynamics and statistics previously reported in the literature.
Englacial latent-heat transfer has limited influence on seaward ice flux in western Greenland
Authors: POINAR KRISTIN , JOUGHIN IAN , LENAERTS JAN T. M. , VAN DEN BROEKE MICHIEL R. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTSurface meltwater can refreeze within firn layers and crevasses to warm ice through latent-heat transfer on decadal to millennial timescales. Earlier work posited that the consequent softening of the ice might accelerate ice flow, potentially increasing ice-sheet mass loss. Here, we calculate the effect of meltwater refreezing on ice temperature and softness in the Pâkitsoq (near Swiss Camp) and Jakobshavn Isbræ regions of western Greenland using a numeric model and existing borehole measurements. We show that in the Jakobshavn catchment, meltwater percolation within the firn warms the ice at depth by 3–5°C. By contrast, meltwater refreezing in crevasses (cryo-hydrologic warming) at depths of ~300 m warms the ice in Pâkitsoq by up to 10°C, but this causes minimal increase in ice motion (<10 m a−1). Pâkitsoq is representative of western Greenland's land-terminating ice, where the slow movement of ice through a wide ablation zone provides ideal conditions for cryo-hydrologic warming to occur. We find that only ~37% of the western Greenland ice flux, however, travels through such areas. Overall, our findings suggest that cryo-hydrologic warming will likely have only a limited effect on the dynamic evolution of the Greenland ice sheet.
New species of the conodontNeogondolellafrom the Anisian (Middle Triassic) of northeastern British Columbia, Canada, and their importance for regional correlation
Authors: Golding Martyn L. , Orchard Michael J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractEight new species of the conodontNeogondolellaare described from the Anisian (Middle Triassic) of northeastern British Columbia. The subtlety of morphological variation in this conodont genus has hampered biostratigraphical correlation, but large, often independently dated collections have enabled the description ofN.cuneiforme,N.curva,N.hastata,N.dilacerata,N.indicta,N.panlaurentia,N.tenera, andN.vellicatan. spp. Several of these species are widespread, as specimens ofN.curva,N.hastata,N.indicta,N.panlaurentia,N.tenera, andN.vellicataare found in contemporary collections from Nevada, whereasN.panlaurentiahas also been recovered from the Canadian Arctic. This distribution promises to significantly improve correlation among Anisian sections in North America.
Exploration for Late Cretaceous turbidites in the Equatorial African and northeast South American margins
Authors: Kelly J. , Doust H. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe Suriname–Guyana and Ghana–Ivorian Basins exhibit strong geological similarities which are of interest from a petroleum exploration point of view. These include (1) a well-developed system of Late Cretaceous erosional canyons allowing coarse-grained shallow-water clastics to enter the deep marine basin to form attractive turbidite exploration targets; (2) a broad shelf with strong longshore currents which sort and transport coarse clastics into the canyon heads; (3) an organic-rich Cenomanian–Turonian hydrocarbon source rock which is thermally mature in the centre of the basin; and (4) a series of extensional fault-networks along the shelf margin that extend upwards from the Rift Sequence into the overlying Drift Sequence and which, along with the canyon geometries, enable migrating oil and gas to accumulate in combination structural and stratigraphic traps. In June 2007, Tullow and its partners made an important discovery in offshore Ghana, at Mahogany, which subsequently became the giant Jubilee field. Tullow is currently applying the same geoscientific technologies in offshore Suriname in the search for analogous subtle combination traps.
Modernity, Islamic Traditions, and the Good Life: An Outline of the Modern Muslim Subjectivities Project
Authors: Jung Dietrich 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article provides a brief overview of the heuristic framework of the Modern Muslim Subjectivities Project that is being conducted at the University of Southern Denmark as of the writing of this article. The project explores ways in which Islamic traditions have played a role in the construction of modern Muslim subjectivities. Applying a problem-driven perspective, it selectively borrows from theories of successive modernities, sociology of religion, and poststructuralist approaches to modern subjectivity formation, introducing a novel heuristic framework to the field of Islamic studies. In posing the question as to the ways in which Muslims have constructed modern selfhoods, the project combines studies on Islamic reform, young Muslims in Egypt and Denmark, (post)modern Sufism, Islamic higher education, and changing notions of intimacy in two Egyptian revolutions. In criticizing the alleged exclusivity of Western modernity, the project wants to make original contributions to both conceptual discussions in the humanities and our knowledge of modern Muslim societies.
Revolutions, Crises of Modernities, and the Production of Gender Subjectivities in Egypt
Authors: Hatem Mervat F. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA primary concern of this project is to integrate the discussion of gender and gender subjectivities in the discussion of the overall dynamics of revolutions including the conditions that led to them, the understanding of their different actors, and their agendas for change. Another focuses on understanding the way revolutions and the crises of modernity to which they responded influenced the production of gender subjectivities and contributed, in turn, to the development of working subjects who were also private actors shaped by technologies of the self that helped them deal with complex tensions and dilemmas.
Video chat technology to remotely quantify dietary, supplement and medication adherence in clinical trials
Authors: Peterson Courtney M. , Apolzan John W. , Wright Courtney , Martin Corby K. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe conducted two studies to test the validity, reliability, feasibility and acceptability of using video chat technology to quantify dietary and pill-taking (i.e. supplement and medication) adherence. In study 1, we investigated whether video chat technology can accurately quantify adherence to dietary and pill-taking interventions. Mock study participants ate food items and swallowed pills, while performing randomised scripted ‘cheating’ behaviours to mimic non-adherence. Monitoring was conducted in a cross-over design, with two monitors watching in-person and two watching remotely by Skype on a smartphone. For study 2, a twenty-two-item online survey was sent to a listserv with more than 20 000 unique email addresses of past and present study participants to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the technology. For the dietary adherence tests, monitors detected 86 % of non-adherent events (sensitivity) in-person v. 78 % of events via video chat monitoring (P=0·12), with comparable inter-rater agreement (0·88 v. 0·85; P=0·62). However, for pill-taking, non-adherence trended towards being more easily detected in-person than by video chat (77 v. 60 %; P=0·08), with non-significantly higher inter-rater agreement (0·85 v. 0·69; P=0·21). Survey results from study 2 (n 1076 respondents; ≥5 % response rate) indicated that 86·4 % of study participants had video chatting hardware, 73·3 % were comfortable using the technology and 79·8 % were willing to use it for clinical research. Given the capability of video chat technology to reduce participant burden and outperform other adherence monitoring methods such as dietary self-report and pill counts, video chatting is a novel and promising platform to quantify dietary and pill-taking adherence.
Energy density of meals and snacks in the British diet in relation to overall diet quality, BMI and waist circumference: findings from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey
Authors: Murakami Kentaro , Livingstone M. Barbara E. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis cross-sectional study examined how energy density (ED) in meals and snacks is associated with overall diet quality, BMI and waist circumference (WC). On the basis of the data from 7-d weighed dietary record, all eating occasions were divided into meals or snacks based on time (meals: 06.00–10.00, 12.00–15.00 and 18.00–21.00 hours; snacks: others) or contribution to energy intake (EI) (meals: ≥15; snacks: <15%) in 1451 British adults aged 19–64 years. Irrespective of the definition of meals and snacks, both meal ED and snack ED (kJ/g; calculated on the basis of solid food only) were inversely associated with overall diet quality assessed by the healthy diet indicator (regression coefficient (β)=−0·29 to −0·21 and −0·07 to −0·04, respectively) and Mediterranean diet score (β=−0·43 to −0·30 and −0·13 to −0·06, respectively) in both sexes (P≤0·002), although the associations were stronger for meal ED. After adjustment for potential confounders, in both men and women, meal ED based on EI contribution showed positive associations with BMI (β=0·34; 95% CI 0·06, 0·62 andβ=0·31; 95% CI 0·01, 0·61, respectively) and WC (β=0·96; 95% CI 0·27, 1·66 andβ=0·67; 95% CI 0·04, 1·30, respectively). In addition, meal ED based on time was positively associated with WC in men (β=0·59; 95% CI 0·07, 1·10) and snack ED based on time was positively associated with BMI in women (β=0·15; 95% CI 0·04, 0·27). In analyses in which only acceptable EI reporters were included, similar results were obtained. In conclusion, the findings suggest stronger associations of meal ED with overall diet quality, BMI and WC compared with snack ED.
Why Islamic ‘Traditionalists’ and ‘Rationalists’ both ought to accept Rational Objectivism
Authors: BALDWIN ERIK 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIslamic ‘Traditionalists’ and ‘Rationalists’ have much in common. They agree that theQur'anis divine revelation and acknowledge the authority of theSunna, accept the value of logical reasoning and argumentation, recognizing the validity of basic logical principles and laws, and affirm that basic empirical and historical facts ought to be taken into consideration when interpreting theQur'an. They disagree in that Rationalists accept but Traditionalists deny that human reason can discern objective moral truths independent of divine revelation. I present an argument for Rationalism that makes use of premises that are equally acceptable to Traditionalists and Rationalists alike.
Resolving referential ambiguity across ambiguous situations in young foreign language learners
Authors: HU CHIEH-FANG 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTFirst language learners can track word-referent co-occurrence information across situations and evaluate co-occurrence probabilities across situations to determine the best-of-fit mappings. However, cross-situational word learning can be difficult to foreign language learners, because in addition to aggregating information across situations, they have to build robust representations for foreign-sounding words. In Experiment 1, third-grade Mandarin-speaking children learned four English word-referent pairs in two conditions, varying in within-trial ambiguity. In one condition, information about word-referent association was determinable across trials but not within a trial. In the other, word-referent association within a trial was inferable. In Experiment 2, participants learned words in a condition where referential ambiguity across trials, though not within a trial, was reduced by successive presentation of certain word-referent pairs. The results revealed that participants learned more word-referent pairs than expected by chance. Reducing ambiguity within a trial facilitated word mapping and word retention (Experiment 1), but reducing ambiguity across trials did not (Experiment 2). Across two experiments, word mapping and retention performance was associated with phonological awareness, whether measured in children's first language or a foreign language, but not with digit span, suggesting that success in cross-situational word learning in a foreign language rests on specification of word forms.