bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The invisible fish: hydrodynamic constraints for predator-prey interaction in fossil fishSaurichthyscompared to recent actinopterygians
Authors: Kogan Ilja , Pacholak Steffen , Licht Martin , Schneider Jörg W. , Brücker Christoph , Brandt Sebastian 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTRecent pike-like predatory fishes attack prey animals by a quick strike out of rest or slow movement. This fast-start behaviour includes a preparatory, a propulsive and a final phase, and the latter is crucial for the success of the attack. To prevent prey from escape, predators tend to minimise the duration of the interaction and the disturbance caused to surrounding water in order to not be detected by the prey's lateral line sensory system. We compared the hydrodynamic properties of the earliest fossil representative of the pike-like morphotype, the Triassic actinopterygian Saurichthys, with several recent pike-like predators by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Rainbow trout has been used as a control example of a fish with a generalist body shape. Our results show that flow disturbance produced by Saurichthys was low and similar to that of the recent forms Belone and Lepisosteus, thus indicative of an effective ambush predator. Drag coefficients are low for all these fishes, but also for trout, which is a good swimmer over longer distances but generates considerable disturbance of flow. Second-highest flow disturbance values are calculated for Esox, which compensates the large disturbance with its extremely high acceleration performance (i.e. attacks at high speeds) and the derived teleostean protrusible mouth that allows prey catching from longer distances compared to the other fishes. We show CFD modelling to be a useful tool for palaeobiological reconstruction of fossil fishes, as it allows quantification of impacts of body morphology on a hypothesised lifestyle.
Some Aspects of Teaching Graphic Disciplines at Specialist School of Technical University
Authors: Мухина  , Mukhina Milena , Погодин  , Pogodin E. 
Published: November 2015

The article considers pre-university graphic teaching in technical educational institutions on the example of secondary school “Lyceum № 38” in Nizhny
Novgorod, taking into account requests of Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University named after R.E. Alekseev.
The article possesses concreteness, technological eff ectiveness and systematic approach of conceptual framework and terminology intuitively clear
to experts, teachers and people with engineering education who make the majority of teachers of graphic disciplines at schools and higher education
institutions. Methodological approach, which is the basis for selection of educational elements, conforms to the requirements of modern pedagogical
technologies. The purpose of methodological approach is teaching schoolchildren to read and execute drawings of details and assembly units of
machine building and construction plans, and to apply graphic knowledge to solving creative tasks. That promotes mastering the basic knowledge
and engineering graphics receptions both in «manual technologies» and in using computer technologies. A basic graphics package is AutoCAD. It will
provide further study of special disciplines according to technologies of modern engineering.
Presenting Students’ Knowledge Asmind Mapping Based Frames
Authors: Бершадская  , Bershadskaya E. , Бершадский  , Bershadskiy Mikhail 
Published: November 2015

The article considers the problem of diagnosing individual characteristics of students’ knowledge. It is shown that an adequate model for knowledge
representation is the model of frames. The article describes the psychological processes underlying the formation of frames, and the role of implicit
processes in the development of cognitive representation of the world in the mind of the student. Frames of diff erent are classifi ed, its brief descriptions
are provided, essential features are highlighted, the role of frames as a way of presenting various components of training content is described. It is shown
that adequate means of diagnostics of basic frames formation is the method of mind mapping. A specifi c example describes all the stages of building
mind maps. The paper analyzes the features of mind maps, which allow interpreting them as a visual image of individual frames. Examples of students’
mind maps, confi rming the validity of this conclusion, are provided.
The Structure of the Professional Competence of the Teacher
Authors: �����������  , Zhurakovskaya V. , ������  , Meychik Galina , �����  , Karma A. 
Published: November 2015

The article has a substantiation of an urgency to solve the problem associated with the defi nition of the structure of professional competence of teachers.
This structure is represented by species competencies. The problem was determined by the needs of the teacher training system of teachers in the knowledge
of these competencies. This requirement is related with the design of additional vocational training programs of teachers. The authors off er an
analysis of psychological and educational literature disclosing the problem of determining the structure of professional competence of teachers of secondary
schools and the structure of professional competence of future teachers (students). An analysis of the scientifi c literature shows that in modern
pedagogical science is not developed a unifi ed structure of professional competence of the teacher. The authors off er an original solution to the problem
of determining the structure of professional competence of teachers from the position active approach, which is based on the basis of the structure of
pedagogical activity of the teacher (V.A. Slastenin, N.V. Kuzmin, A.I. Shcherbakov). The authors have developed and proposed a &#34;list&#34; of professional
competencies of teachers of basic and secondary education. The authors point out that the �list� of professional competence of the teacher of primary
education, pre-school education can be represented in a similar way. Issues that need to be further resolution, were identifi ed by the authors.
Risk, Uncertainty, and Entrepreneurship: Evidence from a Lab-in-the-Field Experiment
Authors: Koudstaal Martin , Sloof Randolph , van Praag Mirjam 
Published: November 2015

Theory predicts that entrepreneurs have distinct attitudes toward risk and uncertainty, but empirical evidence is mixed. To better understand the unique behavioral characteristics of entrepreneurs and the causes of these mixed results, we perform a large “lab-in-the-field” experiment comparing entrepreneurs to managers (a suitable comparison group) and employees (n = 2,288). The results indicate that entrepreneurs perceive themselves as less risk averse than managers and employees, in line with common wisdom. However, when using experimental incentivized measures, the differences are subtler. Entrepreneurs are only found to be unique in their lower degree of loss aversion, and not in their risk or ambiguity aversion. This combination of results might be explained by our finding that perceived risk attitude is not only correlated to risk aversion but also to loss aversion. Overall, we therefore suggest using a broader definition of risk that captures this unique feature of entrepreneurs: their willingness to risk losses. This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.
The effect of female volleyball players’ leg volume and mass on balance and reaction time<p>Bayan voleybolcuların bacak hacim ve kütlesinin denge ve reaksiyon zamanına etkisi
Authors: İbiş Serkan , İri Rüçhan , Aktuğ Zait Burak 
Published: November 2015

<p>In this study, it is aimed to investigate the relationship between leg volume - mass and balance – reaction time of the third league female volleyball players. 20 volunteer third league volleyball players, who are still active, are participated in this study. The average age of participant female volleyball players is 23,20±3,42 years, average height 176,30±7,78 cm, average weight 65.11±8,22 kg. Participant female volleyball players’ leg volume by Frustum method, leg mass by Hanavan method, static and dynamic balance by Biodex Balance System and visual reaction time by MOART Lafayette Reaction Measuring Device were measured. In analyzing the relation among the measurements, Pearson Product Moment Correlation coefficient was used. As a result of analysis of the obtained data; significant moderate correlation was found between the legs mass and dynamic balance (r=0.654, p&lt;0,05). It was determined with a highly significant relationship between leg mass and foot volume (r=0.913, p&lt;0,01) and foot mass (r=0.917, p&lt;0,01). Also a significant relationship was found between leg volume and foot volume (r=0.800, p&lt;0,01) and foot mass (r=0.644, p&lt;0,05).</p><p>Consequently; it can be said that there is a highly significant relationship between leg volume-mass and foot volume-mass, and there is a relationship between dynamic balance and leg mass of the third league female volleyball players.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Bu çalışmada, üçüncü lig bayan voleybolcuların bacak hacimleri ile denge ve reaksiyon zamanları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya üçüncü ligde oynayan toplam 20 gönüllü bayan voleybolcu katılmıştır. Çalışmaya katılan bayan voleybolcuların yaş ortalamaları 23,20±3,42 yıl, boy ortalamaları 176,30±7,78 cm, ağırlık ortalamaları 65.11±8,22 kg’dır. Çalışmada katılan bayan voleybolcuların bacak hacmi Frustum yöntemi, bacak kütlesi Hanavan yöntemi, statik-dinamik denge ölçümü Biodex Denge Sistemi ve görsel reaksiyon zamanı ölçümleri MOART Lafayette Reaksiyon Ölçüm cihazı ile ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen ölçümler arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek amacıyla Pearson Çarpımlar Moment Korelasyon katsayısı kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizi sonucunda; bacak kütlesi ile dinamik denge arasında orta düzeyde (r=0.654, p&lt;0,05), bacak kütlesi ile ayak hacmi (r=0.913, p&lt;0,01) ve ayak kütlesi (r=0.917, p&lt;0,01) arasında yüksek düzeyde ilişki bulunurken; bacak hacmi ile ayak hacmi (r=0.800, p&lt;0,01) ve ayak kütlesi (r=0.644, p&lt;0,05) arasında ilişki tespit edilmiştir.</p><p>Sonuç olarak; çalışmadaki bulgular 3. Ligde oynayan bayan voleybolcuların bacak hacmi ve bacak kütlesinin ayak kütlesi ve ayak hacmi ile yüksek düzeyde ilişki gösterdiği, dinamik dengenin de bacak kütlesiyle ilişkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir.</p>
Reading motivation and engagement scale: Turkish adaptation study<p>Okuma motivasyonu ve okumaya adanmışlık ölçeği: Türkçeye uyarlama çalışması
Authors: Yıldız Mustafa , Aktaş Nurhan 
Published: November 2015

<p>The purpose of this study was to examine the adaptation, reliability and validity of “the reading motivation and reading engagement scale” that was developed by Guthrie and Klauda (2014) to determine the reading motivation and reading engagement levels of students. The study was conducted with 376 students attending to 5<sup>th,</sup>, 6<sup>th</sup>, 7<sup>th</sup> and 8<sup>th </sup>grades in the province of Ankara. The scale includes 39 items and 7 factors namely intrinsic motivation, perceived competence, perceived difficulty, value, devalue dedication and avoidance. SPSS 17.00 and AMOS 18 softwares were used for data analysis.The factor structure of the scale was faithful to the original. The reliability coefficient of the scale was found to be .84 using the internal consistency method.According to the results of the analysis, the psychometric properties of the scale were suitable to use, valid, and reliable.According to the results of the analysis, the psychometric properties of the scale were suitable to use, valid, and reliable.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p><strong></strong>Bu çalışmanın amacı, öğrencilerin okuma motivasyonlarını ve okumaya adanmışlık düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla Guthrie ve Klauda (2014) tarafından geliştirilmiş olan “Okuma Motivasyonu ve Okumaya Adanmışlık Ölçeği”nin uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmasını yapmaktır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Ankara ilinde eğitim görmekte olan ve 5,6,7 ve 8. sınıfa devam eden 376 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır.Ölçek 39 madde ve içsel motivasyon, yeterlilik, güçlük, değer verme, değer vermeme, bağlılık ve kaçınma olarak adlandırılan 7 faktörden oluşmaktadır. Verilerin analizi SPSS 17.00 ve AMOS 18 programlarıyla yapılmıştır.Ölçek orjinaline uygun faktör yapısında oluşturulmuştur. Ölçeğin güvenirlik katsayısı iç tutarlılık yöntemiyle .84 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Yapılan analizlerin sonuçlarına göre, ölçeğin psikometrik özelliklerinin kullanılmaya elverişli, geçerli ve güvenilir olduğu tespit edilmiştir.</p>
A solutıon for unemployment: Green jobs and green employment Tokat example<p>İşsizlik için bir çözüm: Yeşil işler ve yeşil istihdam Tokat örneği
Authors: Topgül Seda 
Published: November 2015

<p>Green economy can be defined as an economy providing a sustainable economic growth by reducing environmental damage and aiming economic development based on eco-friendly green employment by creating proper and decent green jobs. The most important element of the green economy is green jobs that are created. Green jobs are proper and decent jobs that provide an adequate income and social security satisfy occupational health and safety requirements and respect workers' rights. Green jobs have various positive or negative effects on employment. This study discusses the effects of green jobs on employment and evaluates the employment fueled by green jobs in the renewable energy industry in the province of Tokat. Accordingly, the number of individuals employed in renewable energy plants in the province of Tokat, which is one of the leading emigrant provinces. Thus, it can be suggested that green jobs provide employment on a significant level for the province of Tokat.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Yeşil ekonomi çevresel zararları azaltarak sürdürülebilir bir ekonomik büyüme sağlayan ve insana yakışır düzgün yeşil işler yaratarak çevre dostu yeşil istihdama dayalı kalkınmayı amaçlayan bir ekonomi olarak tanımlanabilir. Yeşil ekonominin en önemli unsuru yaratılan yeşil işlerdir. Yeşil işler yeterli gelir ve sosyal korumayı sağlayan, iş sağlığı ve güvenliği koşullarının yerine getirildiği işçi haklarına saygılı insana yakışır düzgün işlerdir. Yeşil işlerin istihdam üzerinde olumlu ya da olumsuz çeşitli etkileri bulunmaktadır. Bu araştırmada, yeşil işlerin istihdama etkileri tartışılmakta ve Tokat ili özelinde yenilenebilir enerji sektörlerinde yaratılan yeşil işlerin sağladığı istihdam değerlendirilmektedir. Buna göre, sürekli göç veren illerin başında gelen Tokat ilinde yenilenebilir enerji alanındaki santrallerde sağlanan istihdam sayısı yüksektir. Böylece, yaratılan yeşil işlerin Tokat için önemli bir istihdam sağladığı söylenebilir.</p>
A Novel Approach to Photonic Generation and Modulation of Ultra-Wideband Pulses
Authors: Xiang Peng , Guo Hao , Chen Dalei , Zhu Huatao 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA novel approach to photonic generation of ultra-wideband (UWB) signals is proposed in this paper. The proposed signal generator is capable of generating UWB doublet pulses with flexible reconfigurability, and many different pulse modulation formats, including the commonly used pulse-position modulation (PPM) and bi-phase modulation (BPM) can be realized. Moreover, the photonic UWB pulse generator is capable of generating UWB signals with a tunable spectral notch-band, which is desirable to realize the interference avoidance between UWB and other narrow band systems, such as Wi-Fi. A mathematical model describing the proposed system is developed and the generation of UWB signals with different modulation formats is demonstrated via computer simulations.
Glutamate Receptors within the Mesolimbic Dopamine System Mediate Alcohol Relapse Behavior
Authors: Eisenhardt Manuela , Leixner Sarah , Luján Rafael , Spanagel Rainer , Bilbao Ainhoa 
Published: November 2015

Glutamatergic input within the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) pathway plays a critical role in the development of addictive behavior. Although this is well established for some drugs of abuse, it is not known whether glutamate receptors within the mesolimbic system are involved in mediating the addictive properties of chronic alcohol use. Here we evaluated the contribution of mesolimbic NMDARs and AMPARs in mediating alcohol-seeking responses induced by environmental stimuli and relapse behavior using four inducible mutant mouse lines lacking the glutamate receptor genesGrin1orGria1in either DA transporter (DAT) or D1R-expressing neurons. We first demonstrate the lack of GluN1 or GluA1 in either DAT- or D1R-expressing neurons in our mutant mouse lines by colocalization studies. We then show that GluN1 and GluA1 receptor subunits within these neuronal subpopulations mediate the alcohol deprivation effect, while having no impact on context- plus cue-induced reinstatement of alcohol-seeking behavior. We further validated these results pharmacologically by demonstrating similar reductions in the alcohol deprivation effect after infusion of the NMDAR antagonist memantine into the nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area of control mice, and a rescue of the mutant phenotype via pharmacological potentiation of AMPAR activity using aniracetam. In conclusion, dopamine neurons as well as D1R-expressing medium spiny neurons and their glutamatergic inputs via NMDARs and AMPARs act in concert to influence relapse responses. These results provide a neuroanatomical and molecular substrate for relapse behavior and emphasize the importance of glutamatergic drugs in modulating relapse behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHere we provide genetic and pharmacological evidence that glutamate receptors within the mesolimbic dopamine system play an essential role in alcohol relapse. Using various inducible and site-specific transgenic mouse models and pharmacological validation experiments, we show that critical subunits of NMDARs and AMPARs expressed either in dopamine neurons or in dopamine receptor D1-containing neurons play an important role in the alcohol deprivation effect (the increase in alcohol intake after a period of abstinence) while having no impact on context- plus cue-induced reinstatement of alcohol-seeking responses. Medications targeting glutamatergic neurotransmission by selective inactivation of these glutamate receptors might have therapeutic efficacy.
Comparison of universal screening with targeted high-risk case finding for diagnosis of thyroid disorders
Authors: Nazarpour Sima , Tehrani Fahimeh Ramezani , Simbar Masoumeh , Tohidi Maryam , AlaviMajd Hamid , Azizi Fereidoun 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveDebate about the need for universal screening of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy is ongoing. The present study aimed to compare universal screening with targeted high-risk case findings for early diagnosis of thyroid disorders in Iranian pregnant women.Study designThis cross-sectional prospective study was carried out on 1600 pregnant women in their first trimester. A checklist, including all related risk factors recommended by The American Thyroid Association, was completed for all participants. Serum concentrations of thyroxine (T4), T-uptake, TSH and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) were measured and thyroid status was documented, based on hormonal measurements and clinical examinations.ResultsThere were 656 women (44.3%) that had at least one risk factor for thyroid diseases and were eligible for the targeted high-risk case finding (high-risk group) approach, while 55.7% had no risk factors (low-risk group). Using the universal screening approach, there were 974 women (65.8%) with normal thyroid status and 506 participants (34.2%) with thyroid disturbances, including overt hyperthyroidism (0.7%), overt hypothyroidism (1.1%), subclinical hypothyroidism (30.1%; positive TPOAb (5.5%) and negative TPOAb (24.6%); and euthyroid and positive TPOAb (2.3%). Of women with thyroid dysfunction, 64.4% were in the high-risk group and 35.6% were in the low-risk group (P<0.0001).ConclusionsThe targeted high-risk case finding approach overlooks about one-third of pregnant women with thyroid dysfunction. If ongoing prospective trials provide evidence on the efficacy of treating subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy, in populations with a low prevalence of presumed risk factors, the targeted high-risk case finding approach will be proven inefficient.
Fish, upper Purus River, state of Acre, Brazil
Authors: Dos Anjos Helio Daniel Beltrão , Zuanon Jansen , Braga Tony Marcos Porto , Sousa Keid Nolan Silva 
Published: November 2015

The ichthyofauna of the headwaters of the main tributaries of the mighty Solimões/Amazonas River has been little studied. Considering the importance of those environments for the overall fish diversity in that river system, we surveyed the composition of the fish fauna of the upper portion of Purus River and two of its tributaries (Caeté and Macapá rivers), state of Acre, Brazil. The collections were done in November 2004, using a seine net and a set of gillnets of different mesh sizes. A total of 735 specimens belonging to 86 species and 28 families were collected. Eight species, Creagrutus occidaneus, Phenacogaster pectinatus, Prionobrama filigera, Moenkhausia cf. lepidura, Leptagoniates pi (Characidade), Henonemus punctatus (Trichomycteridae), Toracocharax stellatus (Gateropelecidae), and Eigenmannia macrops (Sternopygidae) composed nearly half of the specimens collected. This survey adds 48 new records to the ichthyofauna of Purus River and elevates to 243 the number of known fish species in that river, but a greater sampling effort is necessary to produce a reasonably complete picture of the fish diversity in the basin.
Fish, lower Ivinhema River basin streams, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Súarez Yzel Rondon 
Published: November 2015

The Ivinhema River basin is one of the main tributaries of the western portion of Paraná River. However,few data are available on the fish communities of its streams. Monthly samples were made in seven streams of the lower portion of the basin, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, using a rectangular sieve 1.2 x 0.8 m, with 2 mm mesh size. Forty-six fish species were found in these streams. The richness estimated according to the bootstrap procedure was 50 species. At least two of the captured species were not previously recorded for the upper Paraná basin, indicating the need of new sampling effort in this region.
Fish, Barra Bonita River, upper Paraná River basin, state of Paraná, Brazil
Authors: Maier Álvaro , Zawadzki Cláudio Henrique , Graça Weferson Júnio da , Bifi Alessandro Gasparetto 
Published: November 2015

The Barra Bonita River is an affluent of the left margin of the Ivaí River, upper Paraná River basin. Fish samples were conduced in November 2006 (spring) and in February 2007 (summer), in three sampling stations along the Barra Bonita River, using gill nets, casting nets, and sieves. Thirty one fish species were collected, which belong to five orders, 14 families, and 25 genera. Among them, five are probably new to science.