bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Estimates of Resting Energy Expenditure Equations in Haemodialysis Patients
Authors: Hung Rachel , Sridharan Sivakumar , Farrington Ken , Davenport Andrew 
Published: March 2017

Purpose Waste products of metabolism accumulate in patients with chronic kidney disease, and require clearance by haemodialysis (HD). We wished to determine whether there was an association between resting energy expenditure (REE) and total energy expenditure (TEE) in HD patients and body composition. Subjects/Methods We determined REE by recently validated equations (CKD equation) and compared REE with that estimated by standard equations for REE, and TEE calculated from patient reported physical activity, in HD patients with corresponding body composition measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scanning. Results We studied 107 patients, 69 male (64.5%), mean age 62.7 ± 15.1 years. The CKD equation REE was 72.5 ± 13.3 watts (W) and TEE 83.2 ± 9.7 W There was a strong association between REE with body surface area (BSA) (r2 = 0.80), total soft lean and fat lean tissue mass (r2 = 0.69), body mass index (BMI) (r2 = 0.34), all p<0.001. REE estimated using the modified Harris Benedict, Mifflin St. Jeor, Katch McArdle, Bernstein and Robertson equations underestimated REE compared to the CKD equation. TEE was more strongly associated with BSA (r2 = 0.51), appendicular muscle mass (r2 = 0.42), than BMI (r2 = 0.15) all p<0.001. TEE was greater for those employed (104.9 ± 10.7 vs. 83.1 ± 12.3 W, p<0.001), and with no co-morbidity (88.7 ± 14.8 vs. 82.7 ± 12.3 W, P<0.05). Conclusions Standard equations underestimate REE in HD patients compared to the CKD equation. TEE was greater in those with more skeletal muscle mass, in those who were employed and in those with the least comorbidity. More metabolically active patients may well require greater dialytic clearances.
Alternating Air-Medium Exposure in Rotating Bioreactors Optimizes Cell Metabolism in 3D Novel Tubular Scaffold Polyurethane Foams
Authors: Tresoldi Claudia , Stefani Ilaria , Ferracci Gaia , Bertoldi Serena , Pellegata Alessandro F. , Farè Silvia , Mantero Sara 
Published: March 2017

Background In vitro dynamic culture conditions play a pivotal role in developing engineered tissue grafts, where the supply of oxygen and nutrients, and waste removal must be permitted within construct thickness. For tubular scaffolds, mass transfer is enhanced by introducing a convective flow through rotating bioreactors with positive effects on cell proliferation, scaffold colonization and extracellular matrix deposition. We characterized a novel polyurethane-based tubular scaffold and investigated the impact of 3 different culture configurations over cell behavior: dynamic (i) single-phase (medium) rotation and (ii) double-phase exposure (medium-air) rotation; static (iii) single-phase static culture as control. Methods A new mixture of polyol was tested to create polyurethane foams (PUFs) as 3D scaffold for tissue engineering. The structure obtained was morphologically and mechanically analyzed tested. Murine fibroblasts were externally seeded on the novel porous PUF scaffold, and cultured under different dynamic conditions. Viability assay, DNA quantification, SEM and histological analyses were performed at different time points. Results The PUF scaffold presented interesting mechanical properties and morphology adequate to promote cell adhesion, highlighting its potential for tissue engineering purposes. Results showed that constructs under dynamic conditions contain enhanced viability and cell number, exponentially increased for double-phase rotation; under this last configuration, cells uniformly covered both the external surface and the lumen. Conclusions The developed 3D structure combined with the alternated exposure to air and medium provided the optimal in vitro biochemical conditioning with adequate nutrient supply for cells. The results highlight a valuable combination of material and dynamic culture for tissue engineering applications.
Comparison of Post-Creation Procedures and Costs between Surgical and an Endovascular Approach to Arteriovenous Fistula Creation
Authors: Yang Shuo , Lok Charmaine , Arnold Renee , Rajan Dheeraj , Glickman Marc 
Published: March 2017

Introduction Due to early and late failures that may occur with surgically created hemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas (SAVF), post-creation procedures are commonly required to facilitate AVF maturation and maintain patency. This study compared AVF post-creation procedures and their associated costs in patients with SAVF to patients with a new endovascularly created AVF (endoAVF). Methods A 5% random sample from Medicare Standard Analytical Files was abstracted to determine post- creation procedures and associated costs for SAVF created from 2011 to 2013. Medicare enrollment during the 6 months prior to and after the AVF creation was required. Patients’ follow-up inpatient, outpatient, and physician claims were used to identify post-creation procedures and to estimate average procedure costs. Comparative procedural information on endoAVF was obtained from the Novel Endovascular Access Trial (NEAT). Results Of 3764 Medicare SAVF patients, 60 successfully matched to endoAVF patients using 1:1 propensity score matching of baseline demographic and clinical characteristics. The total post-creation procedural event rate within 1 year was lower for endoAVF patients (0.59 per patient-year) compared to the matched SAVF cohort (3.43 per patient-year; p<0.05). In the endoAVF cohort, event rates of angioplasty, thrombectomy, revision, catheter placement, subsequent arteriovenous graft (AVG), new SAVF, and vascular access-related infection were all significantly lower than in the SAVF cohort. The average first year cost per patient-year associated with post-creation procedures was estimated at US$11,240 USD lower for endoAVF than for SAVF. Conclusions Compared to patients with SAVF, patients with endoAVF required fewer post-creation procedures and had lower associated mean costs within the first year.
The effects of teleconnections on carbon fluxes of global terrestrial ecosystems
Authors: Zhu Zaichun , Piao Shilong , Xu Yaoya , Bastos Ana , Ciais Philippe , Peng Shushi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractLarge‐scale atmospheric circulation patterns (i.e., teleconnections) influence global climate variability patterns and can be studied to provide a simple framework for relating the complex response of ecosystems to climate. This study analyzes the effects of 15 major teleconnections on terrestrial ecosystem carbon fluxes during 1951–2012 using an ensemble of nine dynamic global vegetation models. We map the global pattern of the dominant teleconnections and find that these teleconnections significantly affect gross primary productivity variations over more than 82.1% of the global vegetated area, through mediating the global temperature and regional precipitation and cloud cover. The El Niño–Southern Oscillation, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation are strongly correlated with global, hemispherical, and continental carbon fluxes and climatic variables, while the Northern Hemisphere teleconnections have only regional influences. Further research regarding the interactions among the teleconnections and the nonstationarity of the relationship between teleconnections and carbon fluxes is needed.
Disturbance impacts on land surface temperature and gross primary productivity in the western United States
Authors: Cooper L. Annie , Ballantyne Ashley P. , Holden Zachary A. , Landguth Erin L. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractForest disturbances influence forest structure, composition, and function and may impact climate through changes in net radiation or through shifts in carbon exchange. Climate impacts vary depending on environmental variables and disturbance characteristics, yet few studies have investigated disturbance impacts over large, environmentally heterogeneous, regions. We used satellite data to objectively determine the impacts of fire, bark beetles, defoliators, and “unidentified disturbances” (UDs) on land surface temperature (LST) and gross primary productivity (GPP) across the western United States (U.S.). We investigated immediate disturbance impacts, the drivers of those impacts, and long‐term postdisturbance LST and GPP recovery patterns. All disturbance types caused LST increases (°C; fire: 3.45 ± 3.02, bark beetles: 0.76 ± 3.04, defoliators: 0.49 ± 3.12, and UD: 0.76 ± 3.03). Fire and insects resulted in GPP declines (%; fire: −25.05 ± 21.67, bark beetles: −2.84 ± 21.06, defoliators: −0.23 ± 15.40), while UDs resulted in slightly enhanced GPP (1.89 ± 24.20%). Disturbance responses also varied between ecoregions. Severity and interannual changes in air temperature were the primary drivers of short‐term disturbance responses, and severity also had a strong impact on long‐term recovery patterns. These results suggest a potential climate feedback due to disturbance‐induced biophysical changes that may strengthen as disturbance regimes shift due to climate change.
A reconstructed South Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation time series since 1870
Authors: Lopez Hosmay , Goni Gustavo , Dong Shenfu 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis study reconstructs a century‐long South Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (SAMOC) index. The reconstruction is possible due to its covariability with sea surface temperature (SST). A singular value decomposition (SVD) method is applied to the correlation matrix of SST and SAMOC. The SVD is performed on the trained period (1993 to present) for which Expendable Bathythermographs and satellite altimetry observations are available. The joint modes obtained are used in the reconstruction of a monthly SAMOC time series from 1870 to present. The reconstructed index is highly correlated to the observational based SAMOC time series during the trained period and provides a long historical estimate. It is shown that the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) is the leading mode of SAMOC‐SST covariability, explaining ~85% with the Atlantic Niño accounting for less than 10%. The reconstruction shows that SAMOC has recently shifted to an anomalous positive period, consistent with a recent positive shift of the IPO.
B
ayesian Count Models
Authors: Hilbe Joseph M. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Bayesian count models are aligned with frequentist‐based count models; that is, they are based on the same underlying distributions as are standard count models estimated using maximum likelihood and quadrature. The key difference in Bayesian models, however, is that the parameters to be estimated are assumed to be randomly distributed, whereas the data are fixed. In addition, each parameter in the model is mixed with a “prior” distribution defining information related to the parameter but which is external to the data upon which the model likelihood is based. The product of the (log)likelihood and prior distributions define the posterior parameters in the model. Basic Bayesian count models include Poisson, negative binomial, generalized Poisson, zero‐inflated and hurdle models, related hierarchical models, and a variety of other mixture count models. Code is provided using R, JAGS, Python/Stan, INLA, and Stata for a Bayesian Poisson model on synthetic data. JAGS, SAS, and Stata code are provided for a Bayesian negative binomial model; JAGS and Stata code are displayed for a Bayesian zero‐inflated negative binomial model.
Density‐matrix renormalization group study of many‐body localization in floquet eigenstates
Authors: Zhang Carolyn , Pollmann Frank , Sondhi S. L. , Moessner Roderich 
Published: March 2017

We generalize the recently introduced Density‐Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG‐X) [Khemani et al, PRL 2016] algorithm to obtain Floquet eigenstates of one‐dimensional, periodically driven many‐body localized systems. This generalization is made possible by the fact that the time‐evolution operator for a period can be efficiently represented using a matrix‐product operator. We first benchmark the method by comparing to exact diagonalization for small systems. We then obtain Floquet eigenstates for larger systems and show unambiguously that the characteristic area‐law scaling remains robust.
image
Toward Stable Superbenzoquinone Diradicaloids
Authors: Li Guangwu , Phan Hoa , Herng Tun Seng , Gopalakrishna Tullimilli Y. , Liu Chunchen , Zeng Wangdong , Ding Jun , Wu Jishan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSuperbenzoquinone (SBQ) is a quinone derived from a classic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene (so‐called “superbenzene”), and is a challenging synthetic target. Herein we report the successful synthesis and characterization of its derivatives. We reveal that the high reactivity of SBQ is due to its intrinsic open‐shell diradical character. Thus, two kinetically blocked SBQs, SBQ‐Me and SBQ‐Ph, were prepared by different synthetic strategies. 4‐tert‐Butylphenyl‐substituted SBQ‐Ph demonstrated good stability and could be isolated in crystalline form. Both compounds have an open‐shell singlet ground state and show thermally populated paramagnetic activity. Our studies provide effective strategies toward stable quinone‐based diradicaloids.
Chelation versus Non‐Chelation Control in the Stereoselective Alkenyl sp2 C−H Bond Functionalization Reaction
Authors: Liang Qiu‐Ju , Yang Chao , Meng Fei‐Fan , Jiang Bing , Xu Yun‐He , Loh Teck‐Peng 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA hydroxy group chelation‐assisted stereospecific oxidative cross‐coupling reaction between alkenes was developed under mild reaction conditions. In the presence of palladium catalyst, the alkenes tethered with hydroxy functionality can couple efficiently with electron‐deficient alkenes to form the corresponding multi‐substituted olefin products. The hydroxy group on the substrate could play dual roles in reaction, acting as the directing group for alkenyl C−H bond activation and controlling the stereoselectivity of the products.
Three‐Axis Global Magnetic Attitude Control of Earth‐Pointing Satellites in Circular Orbit
Authors: Giri Dipak , Mukherjee Bijoy , T N Bidul , Sinha Manoranjan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis paper addresses the controllability and global stability issues of a magnetically actuated satellite in the geomagnetic field. The variation of the geomagnetic field along the orbit, which is time varying in nature, makes the dynamics of the satellite time varying also. Sufficient conditions for controllability of such a time varying magnetic attitude control system are given. As a major contribution, it is proven that the three‐axis controllability of the spacecraft actuated by the magnetic actuators is possible and it does not depend on the initial angular velocity of the spacecraft. Global controllability is a precursor to global stability. Therefore, exponential stability for an arbitrarily high initial angular velocity and an arbitrary initial orientation is proven next for a proportional‐derivative control law using averaging theory. It is also proven that even an iso‐inertial satellite can be stabilized using the time invariant feedback control, which was hitherto not possible, even using time variant conventional control. Simulation results are presented under different initial orientations and angular velocities of the satellite in the presence of favorable and unfavorable gravity gradient torques to validate the proposed control method.
Evaluation of Culture Time and Media in an In Vitro Testis Organ Culture System
Authors: Nakamura Noriko , Merry Gwenn E. , Inselman Amy L. , Sloper Daniel T. , Del Valle Pedro L. , Sato Takuya , Ogawa Takehiko , Hansen Deborah K. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundThe complexity of spermatogenesis makes development of appropriate in vitro testis models challenging. A novel in vitro mouse testis culture system has been reported but not yet evaluated as an alternative model for male reproductive toxicity testing. We assessed the effects of media composition on sperm differentiation and testis morphology of cultured mouse testis fragments.MethodsTestes from postnatal day 5 B6:CBA‐Tg(Acrv1‐EGFP)2727Redd/J male mice were cultured in knockout serum replacement (KSR) or Albumax I (Albumax) medium. Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression was examined on days 35, 42, 45, and 49 of culture. Histology and flow cytometry were performed for testis morphology and spermatid differentiation.ResultsEGFP signals were first observed in round spermatids on day 22 of culture (corresponding to postnatal day 27) and were observed until the end of culture, indicating testis‐specific protein expression. A‐kinase anchor protein 4 expression, a marker of elongated spermatid (step 15–16) occurred earlier in explants cultured in KSR than Albumax medium (typically day 35 and after day 42 of culture, respectively). The percentage of seminiferous tubules with elongated spermatid was higher in Albumax than KSR medium from days 45 to 49 of culture.ConclusionAlbumax medium may facilitate or support better morphology and spermatid production than KSR medium. Further studies need to improve spermatid production and refinement of this in vitro testis culture system that may be useful as a supplement to current male reproductive toxicity testing or an alternative model in cases where in vivo testing may be unfeasible. Birth Defects Research 109:465–474, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Parents' and children's understanding of their own and others' national identity: The importance of including the family in the national group
Authors: Muldoon Orla T. , O'Donnell Aisling T. , Minescu Anca 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe investigate the role of parents and family in driving children's understanding of their own national identity and their attitudes to other national groups in an increasingly diverse nation. Given the ethical and practical difficulties of sourcing children and their parents, we conducted our study with families visiting the National Museum of Ireland where displays about the Irish state's history facilitated the study of banal issues of Irishness and nationality. Our study included 34 families: 76 children and 46 parents. Parents completed self‐report measures of national identity continuity, national identity strength, and their family's Irishness. Children completed self‐report measures on their family's Irishness, their exploration of national identity, and attitudes to other national groups. National identity continuity and strength drove parents' sense of their family's Irishness. Amongst children, perceiving one's family as Irish, together with higher reported exploration of national identity, impacted on children's attitudes to other national groups. Children with the strongest sense of Irish national identity were most interested in identity exploration and other national practises. We add to the literature findings on the interconnection between parent and child identity and the role of the family in driving interest in national identity and other national groups.
Osteoclast differentiation gene expression profiling reveals chemokine CCL4 mediates RANKL‐induced osteoclast migration and invasion via PI3K pathway
Authors: Xuan Wenhua , Feng Xiaoke , Qian Chen , Peng Liuying , Shi Yumeng , Xu Lingxiao , Wang Fang , Tan Wenfeng 
Published: March 2017

The migration of osteoclasts (OCs) from circulation and bone marrow into bone surface plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of some bone resorptive diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis. To date, how the migration of OCs remains unclear. We investigated gene expression profiling in osteoclastic differentiation of bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMMs) into OCs by microarray analysis. We identified 387 genes overexpressed in osteoclastic differentiation of BMMs. Among them, chemokine CCL4 showed a robust up‐regulation signal. High expression of CCL4 was validated in primary BMMs and OC precursor cell line RAW264.7 during differentiation into OCs. The CCL4 neutralization decreased RANKL‐induced OC precursor cell migration and invasion in Matrigel‐coated transwell membranes assay and in vitro wound healing assay. However, CCL4 inhibition did not affect OCs differentiation and differentiation associated gene expression. The CCL4 inhibition promoted the PI3K phosphorylation at 45 to 60 minutes after RANKL stimulation in RAW264.7. This study indicated that chemokine CCL4 is an important regulator for OCs migration via PI3K pathway, providing a novel therapy target for bone resorptive diseases.
Selective Manipulation of Discrete Mannosidase Activities in the Endoplasmic Reticulum by Using Reciprocally Selective Inhibitors
Authors: Kuribara Taiki , Hirano Makoto , Speciale Gaetano , Williams Spencer J. , Ito Yukishige , Totani Kiichiro 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWithin the endoplasmic reticulum, immature glycoproteins are sorted into secretion and degradation pathways through the sequential trimming of mannose residues from Man9GlcNAc2 to Man5GlcNAc2 by the combined actions of assorted α‐1,2‐mannosidases. It has been speculated that specific glycoforms encode signals for secretion and degradation. However, it is unclear whether the specific signal glycoforms are produced by random mannosidase action or are produced regioselectively in a sequenced manner by specific α‐1,2‐mannosidases. Here, we report the identification of a set of selective mannosidase inhibitors and development of conditions for their use that enable production of distinct pools of Man8GlcNAc2 isomers from a structurally defined synthetic Man9GlcNAc2 substrate in an endoplasmic reticulum fraction. Glycan processing analysis with these inhibitors provides the first biochemical evidence for selective production of the signal glycoforms contributing to traffic control in glycoprotein quality control.
Controlling Heat Release from a Close‐Packed Bisazobenzene–Reduced‐Graphene‐Oxide Assembly Film for High‐Energy Solid‐State Photothermal Fuels
Authors: Zhao Xiaoze , Feng Yiyu , Qin Chengqun , Yang Weixiang , Si Qianyu , Feng Wei 
Published: March 2017

AbstractInvited for this month's cover is the group of Wei Feng at Tianjin University. The image shows that photo‐thermal fuels (PTFs) using a bisazobenzene–graphene assembly can be developed for utilizing solar thermal energy in the space. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201601551.
Characteristics of the pre‐diabetic period in children with high risk of type 1 diabetes recruited from the general Swedish population—The ABIS study
Authors: Åkerman Linda , Ludvigsson Johnny , Swartling Ulrica , Casas Rosaura 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundThere is a need for increased understanding of the pre‐diabetic period in individuals with high risk of type 1 diabetes from the general population.MethodsHigh‐risk children (n = 21) positive for multiple islet autoantibodies were identified by autoantibody screening within the All Babies in Southeast Sweden study. The children and their parents were enrolled in a 2‐year prospective follow‐up study aiming to characterize the pre‐diabetic period. Blood samples were collected every 6 months for measurement of C‐peptide, HbA1c, fasting glucose, and autoantibodies. Human leukocyte antigen‐genotype was determined, and oral glucose tolerance test was performed every 12 months.ResultsDespite positivity for multiple autoantibodies, 9 out of 21 individuals had low‐risk human leukocyte antigen‐genotypes. Children who progressed to manifest diabetes (progressors, n = 12) had higher levels of IA2A and ZnT8A than children who did not (non‐progressors, n = 9). Impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose was observed to the same extent in progressors and non‐progressors, but HbA1c increased over time in progressors in spite of increased C‐peptide.ConclusionsAutoantibodies to IA2 and ZnT8 may be useful discriminators for disease progression in at‐risk children from the general population. Dysglycemia was observed long before diagnosis, and difficulties in maintaining glucose homeostasis despite increased C‐peptide indicate that insulin resistance might be an important accelerator of disease in risk individuals.