bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preserving refrigeration and shelf life quality of hardy kiwifruit (Actinidia arguta) with alginate oligosaccharides preharvest application
Authors: Xiong Siguo , Ma Zihan , Xiong Huan , Yuan Meng , Jiang Aili , Zhang Peng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAlginate oligosaccharide (AOS) is a bioactive carbohydrate known for its preservation properties. However, the efficacy of preharvest AOS treatment in maintaining the postharvest quality of hardy kiwifruit (Actinidia arguta) has not been previously reported. This study explores the effects of preharvest AOS treatment (80 mg L−1) on A. arguta fruit, assessing visual quality, physiological attributes, aroma, and antioxidant capacity during refrigeration and shelf life. Results showed that AOS treatment maintained higher lightness, chroma, firmness, and antioxidant levels (total phenolics, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, and glutathione), along with antioxidant enzyme activities (peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase). Specifically, AOS‐treated fruit had 9% higher chroma and double the firmness after 60 days of refrigeration. AOS treatment reduced ripening and senescence, with 25% lower soluble solids content, 22% lower respiration rate, 30% lower ethylene production, and 35% lower malondialdehyde content. Electronic nose analysis indicated that AOS treatment suppressed changes in fruit aroma and off‐odor development, maintaining significantly higher quality during the shelf life period. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of AOS as a sustainable method to extend shelf life and preserve the quality of A. arguta fruit, enhancing its market value and consumer appeal.Practical ApplicationThe research on using alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) for preharvest treatment of hardy kiwifruit (Actinidia arguta) has practical applications in the food industry. By extending the shelf life and preserving the quality of the fruit during storage, this method can help reduce postharvest losses and improve the market value and consumer appeal of A. arguta fruit. This sustainable preservation technique offers an eco‐friendly alternative to traditional methods, enhancing the freshness and nutritional quality of the fruit available to consumers.
Tracking epidemic viruses in wastewaters
Authors: Girón‐Guzmán Inés , Sánchez Gloria , Pérez‐Cataluña Alba 
Published: October 2024

AbstractClassical epidemiology relies on incidence, mortality rates, and clinical data from individual testing, which can be challenging for many countries. Therefore, innovative, flexible, cost‐effective, and scalable surveillance techniques are needed. Wastewater‐based epidemiology (WBE) has emerged as a highly powerful tool in this regard. WBE analyses substances excreted in human fluids and faeces that enter the sewer system. This approach provides insights into community health status and lifestyle habits. WBE serves as an early warning system for viral surveillance, detecting the emergence of new pathogens, changes in incidence rates, identifying future trends, studying outbreaks, and informing the performance of action plans. While WBE has long been used to study different viruses such as poliovirus and norovirus, its implementation has surged due to the pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. This has led to the establishment of wastewater surveillance programmes at international, national, and community levels, many of which remain operational. Furthermore, WBE is increasingly applied to study other pathogens, including antibiotic resistance bacteria, parasites, fungi, and emerging viruses, with new methodologies being developed. Consequently, the primary focus now is on creating international frameworks to enhance states' preparedness against future health risks. However, there remains considerable work to be done, particularly in integrating the principles of One Health into epidemiological surveillance to acknowledge the interconnectedness of humans, animals, and the environment in pathogen transmission. Thus, a broader approach to analysing the three pillars of One Health must be developed, transitioning from WBE to wastewater and environmental surveillance, and establishing this approach as a routine practice in public health.
Prophylactic cranial irradiation in patients with resected small‐cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Peng Haoning , Hao Jianqi , Dong Bo , Chen Minqi , Li Zongyuan , Chen Cong , Liu Lunxu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractProphylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) was recommended for limited‐stage small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients with complete or partial response to primary chemoradiotherapy. But it is still controversial regarding its role in SCLC patients who have had radical resection. This meta‐analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy of PCI in resected SCLC patients. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CENTRAl, and ClinicalTrials for controlled trials and cohort studies regarding PCI in postoperative SCLC patients. The correlation between PCI and post‐operative outcomes in SCLC patients, including survival and brain metastasis rate (BMR), was examined using hazard ratios (HRs) and risk ratios with corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Quality of studies was assessed by the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS), and publication bias was assessed by Begg's test. Meta‐analysis of eight studies with 2688 patients in total showed PCI was associated with improved overall survival (OS) for resected SCLC (HR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.57–0.75, p < 0.01). In addition, subgroup analysis on three studies including 923 patients confirmed the protective role of postoperative PCI in N0 SCLC patients (HR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.61–0.97, p < 0.05). There was also a significant reduction in BMR in the PCI group pooled from six studies (HR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.40–0.85, p < 0.01). The use of PCI delayed brain recurrence and improved OS in patients with resected, stage I‐III SCLC. Importantly, patients with N0 SCLC can also benefit from postoperative PCI. In future studies, PCI's role in patients with resected N0 SCLC at different T stage may need to be explored.
CaMKIIα‐TARPγ8 signaling mediates hippocampal synaptic impairment in aging
Authors: JianHua Zhao , Li MingCan , Hu Qilin , Donoghue Peter , Jiang Sanwei , Li Junmei , Li Songji , Ren Xinyi , Zhang Ziyuan , Du Jingzhi , Yu Yi , Chazot Paul , Lu Chengbiao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAging‐related decline in memory and synaptic function are associated with the dysregulation of calcium homeostasis, attributed to the overexpression of voltage‐gated calcium channels (VGCC). The membrane insertion of AMPAR governed by the AMPAR auxiliary proteins is essential for synaptic transmission and plasticity (LTP). In this study, we demonstrated the hippocampal expression of the transmembrane AMPAR regulatory proteins γ‐8 (TARPγ8) was reduced in aged mice along with the reduced CaMKIIα activity and memory impairment. We further showed that TARPγ8 expression was dependent on CaMKIIα activity. Inhibition of CaMKIIα activity significantly reduced the hippocampal TARPγ8 expression and CA3‐CA1 LTP in young mice to a similar level to that of the aged mice. Furthermore, the knockdown of hippocampal TARPγ8 impaired LTP and memory in young mice, which mimicked the aging‐related changes. We confirmed the enhanced hippocampal VGCC (Cav‐1.3) expression in aged mice and found that inhibition of VGCC activity largely increased both p‐CaMKIIα and TARPγ8 expression in aged mice, whereas inhibition of NMDAR or Calpains had no effect. In addition, we found that the exogenous expression of human TARPγ8 in the hippocampus in aged mice restored LTP and memory function. Collectively, these results indicate that the synaptic and cognitive impairment in aging is associated with the downregulation of CaMKIIα‐TARPγ8 signaling caused by VGCC activation. Our results suggest that TARPγ8 may be a key molecular biomarker for brain aging and that boosting CaMKIIα‐TARPγ8 signaling may be critical for the restoration of synaptic plasticity of aging and aging‐related diseases.
Validation of drug‐nondrug choice procedure to model maladaptive behavioural allocation to opioid use in rats
Authors: Azizzadeh Setareh , Rahimpour Milad , Rakhshan Kamran , Makkiabadi Bahador , Riahi Esmail 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIncreased allocation of behaviour to substance abuse at the expense of personal and social rewards is a hallmark of addiction that is reflected in several of DSM‐5 criteria for diagnosis of substance use disorder. Previous studies focused on refining the self‐administration (SA) model to better emulate an addictive state in laboratory animals. Here, we employed concurrent SA of sucrose pellets and morphine as two competing natural and drug rewards, respectively, to validate the feasibility of capturing pathological behavioural allocation in rats. A custom‐made three‐lever operant chamber was used. With one active and one inactive lever presented, rats were trained to self‐administer morphine (0.5 mg/kg/infusion; 2 h/day) under a fixed‐ratio 1 (FR‐1) schedule until a stable response was achieved. Next, they were trained to self‐administer morphine in the presence of a third lever dispensing sucrose pellets (20 mg) under FR‐1. Concurrent morphine‐sucrose SA sessions (2 h/day) were continued until stable morphine taking behaviour was re‐established. In another experiment, rats first established stable sucrose pellet SA (2 h/day, FR‐1) and then were trained to take morphine (0.5 mg/kg/infusion; 2 h/day). Subsequently, all rats underwent extinction training, in which morphine was replaced with saline while sucrose pellets were still available upon lever pressing, followed by cue‐induced reinstatement of morphine seeking behaviour. Results showed that rats retained morphine SA when sucrose pellets were also available, but they showed binge‐like sucrose intake when morphine was removed during the extinction sessions. However, morphine SA did not develop in rats that had previously established sucrose pellet SA. In conclusion, morphine SA developed even in the presence of a potent competing nondrug reward in rats. Adding an effort‐based contingent delivery of a natural reward to the standard SA model, this protocol may provide an improved model of drug addiction in laboratory animals.
Development of an evaluation method for addictive compounds based on electrical activity of human iPS cell‐derived dopaminergic neurons using microelectrode array
Authors: Ishibashi Yuto , Nagafuku Nami , Kimura Shingo , Han Xiaobo , Suzuki Ikuro 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAddiction is known to occur through the consumption of substances such as pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs, food, alcohol and tobacco. These addictions can be viewed as drug addiction, resulting from the ingestion of chemical substances contained in them. Multiple neural networks, including the reward system, anti‐reward/stress system and central immune system in the brain, are believed to be involved in the onset of drug addiction. Although various compound evaluations using microelectrode array (MEA) as an in vitro testing methods to evaluate neural activities have been conducted, methods for assessing addiction have not been established. In this study, we aimed to develop an in vitro method for assessing the addiction of compounds, as an alternative to animal experiments, using human iPS cell‐derived dopaminergic neurons with MEA measurements. MEA data before and after chronic exposure revealed specific changes in addictive compounds compared to non‐addictive compounds, demonstrating the ability to estimate addiction of compound. Additionally, conducting gene expression analysis on cultured samples after the tests revealed changes in the expression levels of various receptors (nicotine, dopamine and GABA) due to chronic administration of addictive compounds, suggesting the potential interpretation of these expression changes as addiction‐like responses in MEA measurements. The addiction assessment method using MEA measurements in human iPS cell‐derived dopaminergic neurons conducted in this study proves effective in evaluating addiction of compounds on human neural networks.
Outcomes of a modified technique of partial parotidectomy and novel parotid tumour position classification from a single surgeon prospective database
Authors: Serpell Jonathan W. , Chiu Zelia K. , Forrest Edward , Lee James C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundConservative parotidectomy for benign tumours reduces facial nerve palsy, without increasing local recurrence. We report a modified technique of partial parotidectomy and using a novel description of tumour position, explore relationships between tumour position and histological margins, facial nerve palsy and local recurrence.MethodsA prospectively collected single surgeon parotidectomy database was analysed, including tumour location (superficial/deep lobe; central/peripheral) and outcomes. A partial parotidectomy identified the facial nerve and the proximal portion of its branches with a macroscopically clear resection margin. Mean follow up was 5.9 years for pleomorphic adenomas.ResultsThree hundred and three patients underwent parotidectomy; 257 (84.8%) were superficial and 46 (15.2%) deep lobe. Tumour position was recorded in 291: 236 (81.1%) were peripheral tumours and 55 (18.9%) central. Histological margin involvement was similar in central and peripheral tumours, both overall and for superficial and deep lobe tumours, but was commoner in central deep lobe tumours, (P = 0.003). Temporary partial facial nerve palsy occurred in 21 (6.9%), with one permanent partial nerve palsy (0.3%). Deep lobe tumours and total parotidectomy were associated with facial nerve palsy (P = 0.01). Facial nerve monitoring reduced the risk of palsy (P < 0.01). Local recurrence of pleomorphic adenomas was uncommon, occurring in 3 (2.0%) of 151 patients.ConclusionThis series confirms the safety and adequacy of more conservative partial parotidectomy for benign tumours, highlighting most tumours are peripheral, but not more prone to histological margin involvement or local recurrence, and with routine intraoperative facial nerve monitoring, is achieved with low facial nerve palsy rates.
The Maya Train: Infrastructure and Racial Capitalism in Southeast Mexico
Authors: Fonseca Alfaro Claudia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper, I illustrate the interplay between infrastructure and racialised differentiation through the case of the Maya Train—a contentious megaproject aimed at constructing 1,554 km of rail tracks across southeast Mexico, led by the López Obrador federal administration. Drawing on an analysis of narratives produced by the state, I argue that the Maya Train sustains and reproduces racial capitalism. The argument is developed by putting Gargi Bhattacharyya's and Nancy Fraser's understanding of the racial capitalism framework in conversation with Mónica Moreno Figueroa's conceptualisation of mestizaje. I show how the Maya Train functions as a project of mestizaje by promising homage, social justice, and development while also acting as a homogenising and oppressive force. The racialising practices embedded in the megaproject reproduce and extend colonial legacies in a heartland of expropriation and are transformed into materiality through the power of the state.
Outdoor playing during preschool was associated with a reduced risk of school‐age obesity in Japan
Authors: Tsuge Takahiro , Matsumoto Naomi , Takao Soshi , Yorifuji Takashi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimThis study investigated the association between outdoor play habits during preschool and school‐age obesity.MethodsWe conducted a longitudinal cohort study of all children born in Japan during 2 weeks in January and July 2001. We defined outdoor play habits at age 2.5 years (third survey) as exposure, while parent‐reported height and weight at age 7 years (seventh survey) were defined as overweight and obesity status using the WHO reference. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for associations between preschool outdoor play habits and school‐age obesity, adjusting for parental and child factors.ResultsOf 53 575 children born, 42 812 had data on outdoor play habits at age 2.5 years, with 91% (38 970) having such habits. At age 7 years, 31 743/42 812 (74%) children had height and weight data, with 3249/31 743 (10%) classified as overweight or obesity (BMI SD score ≥1.0). Outdoor play habits were negatively associated with obesity (adjusted OR 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.74–0.97).ConclusionOutdoor play habits in early preschool years are associated with a reduced risk of school‐age obesity. Parents and caregivers may consider encouraging their children to outdoor play habits at an early age to help prevent obesity later in life.
Psychedelic research, assisted therapy and the role of the anaesthetist: A review and insights for experimental and clinical practices
Authors: Lima Gisela , Soares Carla , Teixeira Marta , Castelo‐Branco Miguel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRecent years have witnessed an unprecedented increase in the search for the use of psychedelics in improving physical and mental health. Anaesthesia has evolved since very early times, born from the need to eliminate pain and reduce suffering and there are reports of the use of anaesthetics to achieve mystical states since the nineteenth century. Nowadays, the renaissance of psychedelics in anaesthesia has been inspired by their potential in the treatment of chronic pain syndromes, palliative care and in the emergency department and pre‐hospital care with the administration of psychedelics in cases of ischaemia, given their potential in neuroprotection. Although there are already some published protocols for the administration of psychedelics in patients with mental illness, little has been addressed concerning non‐mental medical applications. In this sense, in patients with multiple comorbidities, functional limitations and polymedicated, the anaesthetist may play a fundamental role, not only in clinical practice, but also in translational research.This article focuses on the description of psychedelics, with a particular focus on dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and ayahuasca pharmacology, effects, safety and toxicity. A detailed description of the role of the anaesthetist in clinical and experimental research is provided, from participant's screening to preparation and dosing session, expected adverse effects and how to manage them, based on the protocol and standard procedures of a current study with neuroimaging during the psychedelic experience. Specific considerations regarding the management of psychedelic toxicity are also provided as well as future directions for safe psychedelic use in clinical practice.
Shwachman–Diamond syndrome due to biallelic EFL1 variants with complex and fatal clinical course in early infancy
Authors: Cario Holger , Bertrand Alexis , Tan Shengjiang , Auber Bernd , Erlacher Miriam , Mair Eva‐Maria , von Hardenberg Sandra , Lebrecht Dirk , Revy Patrick , Warren Alan J. 
Published: October 2024

SummaryShwachman–Diamond syndrome represents a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder. We report on an infant with a very severe, fatal clinical course caused by biallelic EFL1 variants: c.89A>G, p.(His30Arg), and c.2599A>G, p.(Asn867Asp). Functional analysis of patient‐derived B‐lymphoblastoid and SV40‐transformed fibroblast cell lines suggests that the compound heterozygous EFL1 variants impaired mature ribosome formation leading to compromised protein synthesis, ultimately resulting in a severe form of Shwachman–Diamond syndrome.
Generating demand for a downtown lifestyle in Saskatoon, a mid‐size city
Authors: Hagen Zoe , Walker Ryan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDe‐centralization has depleted the vitality of mid‐size city downtowns for years. Growing the downtown residential population will help achieve smart growth and strategic infill objectives. Demand for a downtown residential lifestyle can animate many facets of revitalization (e.g., economic, social, cultural, public space). Resident views on factors that they believe would grow the demand for living downtown is the focus of this article. A survey and focus groups were used to learn how to enhance Downtown Saskatoon as a place to live. Findings indicate a convenient lifestyle close to work, school, retail, services, and nightlife, and preferably housing within a couple of blocks of the river valley, make Downtown Saskatoon desirable. Concerns with safety, lack of food stores, and absence of a sense of shared purpose among residents, businesses, and institutions downtown are barriers. The residential context is potentially quite appealing downtown, and demand can be cultivated if downtown's efforts at revitalization are choreographed by a collaborative multi‐sectoral network of actors with strong leadership.
The novel and potent CD40 agonist KHK2840 augments the antitumor efficacy of anti‐PD‐1 antibody and paclitaxel
Authors: Kobayashi Chiaki , Suzuki‐Imaizumi Minami , Sakaguchi Yasuko , Ishii Toshihiko , Adachi Maiko , Kaneda Ayumi , Ebihara Ritsuko , Saito Masato , Uemori Takeshi , Mori Kiyotoshi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLack of tumor‐reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) limits the antitumor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). CD40 agonists have been expected to overcome this limitation by generating tumor‐reactive CTLs. However, the clinical efficacy of CD40 agonistic antibodies is not as good as in non‐clinical studies. The novel human CD40 (hCD40) agonist KHK2840 is a fully human anti‐CD40 IgG2 agonistic antibody that is Fc‐engineered to minimize complement‐dependent cytotoxicity and antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Compared to other hCD40 agonists, KHK2840 exhibited the most potent hCD40 agonistic signal in tumor‐bearing hCD40 transgenic mice and human peripheral blood B cells. Moreover, KHK2840 enhanced the antitumor efficacy of the antiprogrammed cell death 1 antibody and paclitaxel. Comprehensive immune profiling revealed that the antitumor immune response of the triple combination involved tumor‐draining lymph nodes in addition to tumor microenvironments. This suggests that a coordinated antitumor immune response between tumors and lymph nodes may underlie the synergistic antitumor efficacy of the triple combination therapy. Finally, a toxicology study in cynomolgus monkeys demonstrated that KHK2840 activated the CD40 signal with tolerable toxicological properties. These results indicate that KHK2840 is a novel and potent hCD40 agonistic antibody for cancer immunotherapy, which is expected to augment the antitumor efficacy of ICIs and chemotherapy.