bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Las fuentes manifiestas (canon explícito) en la tradición gramatical española de los Siglos de Oro y del siglo XVIII
Authors: Zamorano Aguilar Alfonso 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis article investigates the internal canon built by grammarians themselves explicitly shown in its treaties. For this project, a plural corpus has been analysed. This corpus consists of thirty four grammars, prepared for different audiences, written by different senders and presented with different theoretical or didactic discourses. We study occurrences in the corpus, frequencies of each unit, the relationship between canon and senders, canon and receivers and canon and type of grammar as well as the relationship between canon and the parts of grammar where it appears. We also analyse traditions and main sources which are the foundations of Spanish grammar from 1492 (
Méthodes et pratique de la recherche étymologique roumaine (avec une attention particulière à l’« etimologie multiplă »)
Authors: Celac Victor 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAfter briefly presenting the two paradigms of etymology – « étymologie-origine » vs. « étymologie-histoire » –, the article sets forth the main directions of Romanian etymological research throughout the 20th century and the evolution of the relation between the etymological researches at the (micro)-monographic level and their counterpart at the lexicographical stage. The author states his opinions on the fundamental requirements of modern etymological science. The main aim of the article is to precisely evaluate the concept of « multiple etymology » and its influence on present-day Romanian lexicography.
Divergent Modulation of Nociception by Glutamatergic and GABAergic Neuronal Subpopulations in the Periaqueductal Gray
Authors: Samineni Vijay K. , Grajales-Reyes Jose G. , Copits Bryan A. , O’Brien Daniel E. , Trigg Sarah L. , Gomez Adrian M. , Bruchas Michael R. , Gereau Robert W. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) constitutes a major descending pain modulatory system and is a crucial site for opioid-induced analgesia. A number of previous studies have demonstrated that glutamate and GABA play critical opposing roles in nociceptive processing in the vlPAG. It has been suggested that glutamatergic neurotransmission exerts antinociceptive effects, whereas GABAergic neurotransmission exert pronociceptive effects on pain transmission, through descending pathways. The inability to exclusively manipulate subpopulations of neurons in the PAG has prevented direct testing of this hypothesis. Here, we demonstrate the different contributions of genetically defined glutamatergic and GABAergic vlPAG neurons in nociceptive processing by employing cell type-specific chemogenetic approaches in mice. Global chemogenetic manipulation of vlPAG neuronal activity suggests that vlPAG neural circuits exert tonic suppression of nociception, consistent with previous pharmacological and electrophysiological studies. However, selective modulation of GABAergic or glutamatergic neurons demonstrates an inverse regulation of nociceptive behaviors by these cell populations. Selective chemogenetic activation of glutamatergic neurons, or inhibition of GABAergic neurons, in vlPAG suppresses nociception. In contrast, inhibition of glutamatergic neurons, or activation of GABAergic neurons, in vlPAG facilitates nociception. Our findings provide direct experimental support for a model in which excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the PAG bidirectionally modulate nociception.
Depressive-Like Behaviors Are Regulated by NOX1/NADPH Oxidase by Redox Modification of NMDA Receptor 1
Authors: Ibi Masakazu , Liu Junjie , Arakawa Noriaki , Kitaoka Shiho , Kawaji Ai , Matsuda Ken-ichi , Iwata Kazumi , Matsumoto Misaki , Katsuyama Masato , Zhu Kai , Teramukai Satoshi , Furuyashiki Tomoyuki , Yabe-Nishimura Chihiro 
Published: March 2017

Involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been suggested in the development of psychiatric disorders. NOX1 is a nonphagocytic form of NADPH oxidase whose expression in the nervous system is negligible compared with other NOX isoforms. However, NOX1-derived ROS increase inflammatory pain and tolerance to opioid analgesia. To clarify the role of NOX1 in the brain, we examined depressive-like behaviors in mice deficient inNox1(Nox1−/Y). Depressive-like behaviors induced by chronic social defeat stress or administration of corticosterone (CORT) were significantly ameliorated inNox1−/Y. Generation of ROS was significantly elevated in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of mice administrated with CORT, while NOX1 mRNA was upregulated only in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) among brain areas responsible for emotional behaviors. Delivery of miRNA against NOX1 to VTA restored CORT-induced depressive-like behaviors in wild-type (WT) littermates. Administration of CORT to WT, but not toNox1−/Y, significantly reduced transcript levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf), with a concomitant increase in DNA methylation of the promoter regions inbdnf. Delivery of miRNA against NOX1 to VTA restored the level of BDNF mRNA in WT PFC. Redox proteome analyses demonstrated that NMDA receptor 1 (NR1) was among the molecules redox regulated by NOX1. In cultured cortical neurons, hydrogen peroxide significantly suppressed NMDA-induced upregulation of BDNF transcripts in NR1-expressing cells but not in cells harboring mutant NR1 (C744A). Together, these findings suggest a key role of NOX1 in depressive-like behaviors through NR1-mediated epigenetic modification ofbdnfin the mesoprefrontal projection.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNADPH oxidase is a source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurological disorders. We presently showed the involvement of a nonphagocytic type of NADPH oxidase, NOX1, in major depressive disorders, including behavioral, biochemical, and anatomical changes in mice. The oxidation of NR1 by NOX1-derived ROS was demonstrated in prefrontal cortex (PFC), which may be causally linked to the downregulation of BDNF, promoting depressive-like behaviors. Given that NOX1 is upregulated only in VTA but not in PFC, mesocortical projections appear to play a crucial role in NOX1-dependent depressive-like behaviors. Our study is the first to present the potential molecular mechanism underlying the development of major depression through the NOX1-induced oxidation of NR1 and epigenetic modification ofbdnf.
Non‐coding RNAs: the dark side of nuclear–mitochondrial communication
Authors: Vendramin Roberto , Marine Jean‐Christophe , Leucci Eleonora 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMitochondria are critical hubs for the integration of several key metabolic processes implicated in cell growth and survival. They originated from bacterial ancestors through endosymbiosis, following the transfer of more than 90% of their endosymbiont genome to the host cell nucleus. Over time, a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship has been established, which relies on continuous and elaborate signaling mechanisms between this life‐essential organelle and its host. The ability of mitochondria to signal their functional state and trigger compensatory and adaptive cellular responses has long been recognized, but the underlying molecular mechanisms involved have remained poorly understood. Recent evidence indicates that non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs) may contribute to the synchronization of a series of essential cellular and mitochondrial biological processes, acting as “messengers” between the nucleus and the mitochondria. Here, we discuss the emerging putative roles of ncRNAs in various bidirectional signaling pathways established between the host cell and its mitochondria, and how the dysregulation of these pathways may lead to aging‐related diseases, including cancer, and offer new promising therapeutic avenues.
Endocrine Therapy in the Current Management of Postmenopausal Estrogen Receptor-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Kaklamani Virginia G. , Gradishar William J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMetastatic breast cancer (MBC) results in substantial morbidity and mortality for women afflicted with this disease. A majority of MBCs are hormone-responsive and estrogen receptor-positive, making endocrine therapy (ET) an integral component of systemic therapy. With a primary goal of minimizing the effects of estrogen on hormone-responsive MBC, ETs are among the first targeted treatments that aim to inhibit the influence of estrogen receptor activation on tumor proliferation. Several biochemical mechanisms have been the focus of drug development for treatment, including selective estrogen-receptor modulation, aromatase inhibition, and selective estrogen-receptor degradation. Treatments that exploit these mechanisms have improved survival and quality of life for women with MBC. However, in many cases, resistance to ET limits their effectiveness. Elucidation of the complex cellular signal cascades involved in the development of acquired resistance to ET and the interrelationship of growth factor signaling and estrogen responsiveness have characterized components of these pathways as attractive targets for drug development. Based on these insights and with the aim of overcoming hormone resistance, targeted therapies are emerging as useful treatments for MBC. This article reviews current endocrine treatments of MBC as well as recent and ongoing study of combination treatments and targeted therapies that interfere with cellular proliferation pathways as means of overcoming resistance.
On the Interpretation of the Hazard Ratio and Communication of Survival Benefit
Authors: Sashegyi Andreas , Ferry David 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis brief communication will clarify the difference between a relative hazard and a relative risk. We highlight the importance of this difference, and demonstrate in practical terms that 1 minus the hazard ratio should not be interpreted as a risk reduction in the commonly understood sense of the term. This article aims to provide a better understanding of the type of risk reduction that a hazard ratio implies, thereby clarifying the intent in the communication among practitioners and researchers and establishing an accurate and realistic foundation for communicating with patients.
Performance of Mid-Treatment Breast Ultrasound and Axillary Ultrasound in Predicting Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy by Breast Cancer Subtype
Authors: Candelaria Rosalind P. , Bassett Roland L. , Symmans William Fraser , Ramineni Maheshwari , Moulder Stacy L. , Kuerer Henry M. , Thompson Alastair M. , Yang Wei Tse 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe primary objective was to determine whether mid-treatment ultrasound measurements of index breast tumors and index axillary nodes of different cancer subtypes associate with residual cancer burden (RCB).MethodsPatients with invasive breast cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and had pre-treatment and mid-treatment breast and axillary ultrasound were included in this single-institution, retrospective cohort study. Linear regression analysis assessed associations between RCB with (a) change in index breast tumor size, (b) change in index node size, and (c) absolute number of abnormal nodes at mid-treatment. Multivariate linear regression was used to calculate best-fit models for RCB.ResultsOne hundred fifty-nine patients (68 triple negative breast cancer [TNBC], 45 hormone receptor [HR]+/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 [HER2]−, and 46 HR−/HER2+) were included. Median age at diagnosis was 50 years, range 30–76. Median tumor size was 3.4 cm, range 0.9–10.4. Pathological complete response/RCB-I rates were 36.8% (25/68) for TNBC patients, 24.4% (11/45) for HR+/HER2− patients, and 71.7% (33/46) for HR−/HER2+ patients. Linear regression analyses demonstrated associations between percent change in tumor ultrasound measurements at mid-treatment with RCB index score in TNBC and HR+/HER2− (p &lt; .05) but not in HR−/HER2+ (p &gt; .05) tumors and an association between axillary ultrasound assessment of number of abnormal nodes at mid-treatment with RCB index score across all subtypes (p &lt; .05).ConclusionPerformance characteristics of breast ultrasound associated with RCB vary by cancer subtype, whereas the performance characteristics of axillary ultrasound associated with RCB are consistent across cancer subtype. Breast and axillary ultrasound may be valuable in monitoring response to neoadjuvant therapy.
Academic Cancer Center Phase I Program Development
Authors: Frankel Arthur E. , Flaherty Keith T. , Weiner George J. , Chen Robert , Azad Nilofer S. , Pishvaian Michael J. , Thompson John A. , Taylor Matthew H. , Mahadevan Daruka , Lockhart A. Craig , Vaishampayan Ulka N. , Berlin Jordan D. , Smith David C. , Sarantopoulos John , Riese Matthew , Saleh Mansoor N. , Ahn Chul , Frenkel Eugene P. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Multiple factors critical to the effectiveness of academic phase I cancer programs were assessed among 16 academic centers in the U.S. Successful cancer centers were defined as having broad phase I and I/II clinical trial portfolios, multiple investigator-initiated studies, and correlative science. The most significant elements were institutional philanthropic support, experienced clinical research managers, robust institutional basic research, institutional administrative efforts to reduce bureaucratic regulatory delays, phase I navigators to inform patients and physicians of new studies, and a large cancer center patient base. New programs may benefit from a separate stand-alone operation, but mature phase I programs work well when many of the activities are transferred to disease-oriented teams. The metrics may be useful as a rubric for new and established academic phase I programs.
Morphological variation in fruits and seeds of Ceiba aesculifolia and its relationship with germination and seedlings biomass
Authors: Velázquez-Rosas Noé , Ruiz-Guerra Betsabé , Sánchez-Coronado Maria Esther , Gamboa-de Buen Alicia , Orozco-Segovia Alma 
Published: March 2017

Background Morphologic variation in fruits and seeds affects the performance and adaptation of plants. Only a few studies have integrally analyzed these variables and their effects in plant germination and early growth in tropical dry forest (TDF).
Questions Do the size and shape of fruits influence the number and mass of seeds? Is there a positive relation between seed traits, germination and seedling growth?
Species studied Ceiba aesculifolia .
Study site A TDF growing in a lava field in Actopan, Veracruz:
Methods The fruits of 35 individuals of one population were classified into three size categories (small, medium and large), from which fresh fruit mass and length, number and mass of seeds, and seed lipid and water content were determined. In addition, lag time, germination rate (velocity) and percentage, and seedling biomass were assessed.
Results Fruit mass was positively related to seed mass, but fruit weight was negatively related to number of seeds. Larger seeds had higher lipid and water content. No differences were registered in lag time or final germination percentage. Heavier seeds produced seedlings with higher biomass.
ConclusionsThe number and size of seeds in fruits may determine differential capabilities for seedling establishment.
Effects of cadmium on nucleolus in root tips of Hordeum vulgare
Authors: Shi Qiuyue , Wang Junran , Jiang Ze , Wu Hangfeng , Wang Jiayue , Jiang Wusheng , Liu Donghua , Zou Jinhua 
Published: March 2017

Background Hordeum vulgare is an economically important crop that is consumed in large quantities in the world. In a previous investigation, we found that cadmium (Cd) could induce some nucleolar materials containing the argyrophilic proteins scattered in the nuclei and located in the cytoplasm in the root tip cells of H. vulgare . However, what kinds of nucleolar proteins are affected has not been reported. In order to further confirm the cytological effects of Cd on nucleolus and nucleolar proteins, alterations in the cellular localization and expression of two major nucleolar proteins: fibrillarin and nucleolin in the root tips of H. vulgare were studied in the present investigation.
Methods Cytological effects of Cd on nucleolus were observed by silver-staining method and two nucleolarproteins: nucleolin and fibrillarin were observed and analyzed by means of indirect immunofluorescent microscopy and western blotting.
Results Results from the present investigation demonstrated that under Cd stress (cadmium chloride at 50 and 100 ?M), Cd could disturb the nucleolar cycle with the extrusion of silver-stained materials containing argyrophilic proteins from the nucleolus into the cytoplasm. Nucleolar material containing nucleolin and fibrillarin and their movement into the cytoplasm following Cd stress was detected with indirect immunofluorescence techniques. Western blotting revealed higher expression of these two major nucleoproteins in Cd-treated roots, which was consistent with the results obtained by indirect immunofluorescence.
Conclusion The findings of the present study confirm that Cd can have toxic effects on nucleolus and affect the expression of nucleolar proteins, nucleolin and fibrillarin. The data obtained here can provide valuable information for monitoring and forecast early effects of exposure to Cd in polluted environments.
Potencial para la conservación de la geodiversidad de los paisajes del Estado de Michoacán, México
Authors: Ramírez Sánchez Luis Giovanni , Priego Santander Ángel G. , Bollo Manent Manuel , Castelo Agüero Danays del Carmen 
Published: March 2017

La heterogeneidad del paisaje varía en el espacio dependiendo de la proporción entre polígonos y unidades tipológicas. La alta variabilidad del espacio geográfico que posee el estado de Michoacán le confiere una elevada connotación ecológica, lo cual sugiere valores importantes de geodiversidad. Para conocer la heterogeneidad de cada geocomplejo se computó el número de polígonos, así como el número de parajes simples que contenía cada uno de estos y se aplicaron indicadores de complejidad tipológica, corológica, diversidad máxima y de McIntosh, así como riqueza de paisajes. Se calculó un valor único para cada unidad de paisajes con el propósito de elaborar un mapa unificado del potencial natural para la conservación de la geodiversidad. Para ello se calculó un valor promedio entre todos los indicadores por unidades de paisajes y se distinguieron cinco categorías para la conservación de la geodiversidad. Los resultados principales muestran que en la Meseta Purépecha se encuentran potenciales valiosos para la conservación de la geodiversidad.
PROPOSTA DE IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DA MARGEM DE CONTRIBUIÇÃO NO RAMO VAREJISTA: UM ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: Soares Juliano José , Raupp Fabiano Maury , Borba José Tavares de , Ávila Lucas Veiga 
Published: March 2017

<p>O estudo tem por objetivo propor a implementação da margem de contribuição em uma empresa varejista de confecções e calçados, a fim de verificar os benefícios decorrentes do seu uso no processo decisório da empresa. Este estudo caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa descritiva, realizada por meio de estudo de caso, com abordagem qualitativa. Os dados foram coletados utilizando entrevistas abertas com os administradores, buscando entender como ocorre o funcionamento da organização e como é feito o controle dos gastos. Foram coletados também dados de documentos disponibilizados pela empresa, tais como histórico de vendas, categorias de produtos, planilhas com registros internos e informações sobre os gastos incorridos e sobre o faturamento obtido. A análise aplicada ao estudo é do tipo descritiva. A proposta empreendida apresenta vantagens para a organização, podendo ser explorada para conceder descontos especiais, liquidações, entre outros pontos atrativos aos clientes, que podem afetar o faturamento e lucratividade da empresa. As análises feitas se restringem a este estudo de caso e não devem ser generalizadas. Pode-se utilizar este estudo em outras empresas varejistas para fins comparativos, ressalvando a singularidade de cada organização.</p>
Pore-Pressure Estimation by Use of Mechanical Specific Energy and Drilling Efficiency
Authors: Majidi Reza , Albertin Martin , Last Nigel 
Published: March 2017

Summary
Estimates of formation pore pressure before and while drilling are important inputs for well planning and operational decision making.
A method is proposed to determine pore pressure from a combination of downhole drilling-mechanics parameters and in-situ rock data with the concept of mechanical specific energy (MSE) and drilling efficiency (DE). This pore-pressure estimation method (termed DEMSE) is based on the theory that energy spent at the bit to remove a volume of rock is a function of in-situ rock strength and the differential pressure that the rock is subjected to during drilling.
A work flow is provided that illustrates the steps required to estimate pore pressure from drilling parameters and rock-mechanics data by use of the DEMSE method. Pore pressure estimated from the DEMSE method is compared with pore-pressure estimates derived through a conventional sonic log that is based on empirical technique for a deepwater well in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). Pore-pressure estimates from the DEMSE method generally agree in magnitude and trend with the pore-pressure estimates derived from sonic-log data. The results of the DEMSE method have also been compared with pore-pressure estimates from the classical d-exponent (dXc) approach to highlight the advantages of DEMSE over traditional dXc methods.
Finally, the importance of using downhole vs. surface data for pore-pressure estimation purposes, specifically torque measurements at the bit, is illustrated through a field example. These findings suggest that downhole drilling-mechanics data, when properly used, can provide reliable independent estimates of pore pressure in real time at the bit and can be used for post-well-analysis to assist with constructing pore-pressure forecasts.
O valor atribuído à saúde bucal: um estudo com acadêmicos iniciantes de quatro cursos de graduação
Authors: Oliveira-Júnior José Klidenberg de , Barnabé Luan Éverton Galdino , Santos Marisley Layrtha , Macedo Alynne , Rodrigues Rachel Queiroz Ferreira , Macena Maria Carolina Bandeira 
Published: March 2017

A prática da educação em saúde permite promover no indivíduo alterações positiva frente aos hábitos de higiene bucal, estimulando-os a aprender e capaci­tando-os a tomar decisões adequadas quanto à sua saúde bucal. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o nível de conhecimento em saúde bucal de estudantes universitários ao iniciar o curso superior. O estudo procedeu-se com alunos regularmente matriculados no segundo semestre 2015.2 de acordo com a listagem repassada pela coordenação de cada curso pertencente ao Campus de Patos-PB da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande/Paraíba (UFCG). Foram obtidos 128 formulários (n=128) referentes aos quatro cursos analisados. Os dados foram coletados e analisados por meio da estatística descritiva, utilizando software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences(SPSS) versão 22.0. A maioria dos estudantes permanece na instituição de forma integral (Odontologia 61,3%; Ciências Biológicas 79,5%; Medicina Veterinária 60,6% e Engenharia Florestal 60%) e a forma de higienização utilizada durante esse período foi à escovação, o número de acadêmicos que nunca participou de uma atividade de saúde bucal é considerável (Odontologia 51,7%; Ciências Biológicas 51,3%; Medicina Veterinária 60,6% e Engenharia Florestal 48%), e consideram sua saúde bucal boa (Odontologia 74,1%; Ciências Biológicas 69,2%; Medicina Veterinária 69,6% e Engenharia Florestal 60%). De acordo com as respostas obtidas, a amostra do referido estudo apresenta um conhecimento razoável sobre saúde bucal necessitando de medidas preventivas/interceptativas no âmbito da saúde bucal.Descritores: Educação em Saúde Bucal; Estudantes; Saúde Pública.