bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silencing of homeobox A5 gene in the stratum corneum of psoriasis
Authors: Nobeyama Yoshimasa , Umezawa Yoshinori , Nakagawa Hidemi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAnalysis of psoriatic parakeratotic cells is helpful for understanding the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Methylation analysis can be performed on psoriatic scales, but it is unclear whether genes can be silenced by DNA methylation in psoriatic stratum corneum. The present study was conducted to detect genes silenced in psoriatic stratum corneum. Methylation array analysis with 485 577 probes, quantitative real‐time methylation‐specific PCR (RT‐MSP) and bisulphite sequencing were performed for 30 psoriatic scale samples, 6 fully developed psoriatic skin samples and 12 normal skin samples. Immunohistochemical staining of HOXA5 was performed for 29 psoriatic epidermal samples and 13 normal epidermal samples. The genome‐wide methylation array detected two CpG sites within CpG islands (CGIs) located in promoter regions of HOXA5 and LIAS that had methylation levels of >0.6 in at least one of the three psoriatic scale samples and of <0.2 in all three normal skin tissue samples (methylation rate range, 0.0‐1.0). RT‐MSP for HOXA5CGI, in which the primers were successfully developed, revealed that the average methylation level of 27 psoriasis scales (60.2%) is significantly higher than that of 9 normal skin samples (34.6%) (P=.013). Immunohistochemical staining revealed that HOXA5 protein was not expressed in the stratum corneum of fully developed psoriatic epidermis, but the protein was expressed in the stratum corneum of incompletely developed epidermis and normal epidermis. In conclusion, HOXA5 can be silenced in the stratum corneum of psoriasis. The silenced gene was identified by non‐invasive methylation analysis of psoriatic scales.
Autoantigens ADAMTSL5 and LL37 are significantly upregulated in active Psoriasis and localized with keratinocytes, dendritic cells and other leukocytes
Authors: Fuentes‐Duculan Judilyn , Bonifacio Kathleen M. , Hawkes Jason E. , Kunjravia Norma , Cueto Inna , Li Xuan , Gonzalez Juana , Garcet Sandra , Krueger James G. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPsoriasis is a common immune‐mediated disease that affects 2%‐4% of individuals in North America and Europe. In the past decade, advances in research have led to an improved understanding of immune pathways involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and has spurred the development of targeted therapeutics. Recently, three psoriasis autoantigens have been described: cathelicidin (LL37), a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain containing thrombospondin type 1 motif‐like 5 (ADAMTSL5), and lipid antigens generated by phospholipase A2 (PLA2) group IVD (PLA2G4D). It is important to establish the expression, regulation and therapeutic modulation of these psoriasis autoantigens. In this study, we performed immunohistochemistry and two‐colour immunofluorescence on non‐lesional and lesional psoriasis skin to characterize ADAMTSL5 and LL37, and their co‐expression with T cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils and macrophages, which are the main immune cells that drive this disease. Our results showed that ADAMTSL5 and LL37 are significantly (P<.05) increased in lesional skin and are co‐expressed by many dendritic cells, macrophages and some T cells in the dermis. Gene expression analysis showed significant (P<.05) upregulation of LL37 in lesional skin and significant downregulation following treatment with etanercept. ADAMTSL5 and LL37 are also significantly decreased by IL‐17 or TNF‐α blockade, suggesting feed‐forward induction of psoriasis autoantigens by disease‐related cytokines.
Adipocyte‐myofibroblast transition as a possible pathophysiological step in androgenetic alopecia
Authors: Kruglikov Ilja L. , Scherer Philipp E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAppearance of local fibrotic structures around and beneath hair follicles during their involution is a known hallmark of androgenetic alopecia (AGA). We hypothesise that this fibrosis can be connected with recently uncovered adipocyte‐myofibroblast transition (AMT) involving the dermal adipocytes. This reflects that AMT is at least partially androgen‐dependent, and we propose that AMT may play a role in AGA.
Effects of two chronic stresses on mental state and hair follicle melanogenesis in mice
Authors: Liao Sha , Lv Jinpeng , Zhou Jia , Kalavagunta Praveen Kumar , Shang Jing 
Published: May 2017

AbstractGrowing bodies of data show that psychological stress can be associated with hair loss and vitiligo. Researchers have revealed that stress could indeed inhibit hair growth in vivo, but the relationship between chronic stress and melanogenesis remains unknown. In this study, we established two types of stress models, chronic restraint stress (CRS) and chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS) mice models, and explored the possible role of stress in mice hair follicle melanogenesis. We found that stress changed hippocampal morphology, decreased 5‐HT level in brain and skin and down‐regulated 5‐HT1A receptor expression in hippocampal CA1 region and skin. The alterations of 5‐HT and 5‐HT1A receptor might be a threshold of central stress to associate with the behaviour changes. Both two stresses caused cellular damage of melanocytes and inhibition of keratinocytes proliferation in HF, which made the synthetic pigment loss. CRS which was considered primarily as a “psychological” stressor had the lower melanin production in HF, as well as the level of 5‐HT in skin was down‐regulated more than those in CUMS group.
The relative influence of temperature and size‐structure on fish distribution shifts: A case‐study on Walleye pollock in the Bering Sea
Authors: Thorson James T , Ianelli James N , Kotwicki Stan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractResearch has estimated associations between water temperature and the spatial distribution of marine fishes based upon correlations between temperature and the centroid of fish distribution (centre of gravity, COG). Analysts have then projected future water temperatures to forecast shifts in COG, but often neglected to demonstrate that temperature explains a substantial portion of historical distribution shifts. We argue that estimating the proportion of observed distributional shifts that can be attributed to temperature vs. other factors is a critical first step in forecasting future changes. We illustrate this approach using Gadus chalcogrammus (Walleye pollock) in the Eastern Bering Sea, and use a vector‐autoregressive spatiotemporal model to attribute variation in COG from 1982 to 2015 to three factors: local or regional changes in surface and bottom temperature (“temperature effects”), fluctuations in size‐structure that cause COG to be skewed towards juvenile or adult habitats (“size‐structured effects”) or otherwise unexplained spatiotemporal variation in distribution (“unexplained effects”). We find that the majority of variation in COG (including the north‐west trend since 1982) is largely unexplained by temperature or size‐structured effects. Temperature alone generates a small portion of primarily north–south variation in COG, while size‐structured effects generate a small portion of east–west variation. We therefore conclude that projections of future distribution based on temperature alone are likely to miss a substantial portion of both the interannual variation and interdecadal trends in COG for this species. More generally, we suggest that decomposing variation in COG into multiple causal factors is a vital first step for projecting likely impacts of temperature change.
Developing L2 Pragmatic Competence in Mandarin Chinese: Sequential Realization of Requests
Authors: Su Yunwen , Ren Wei 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe present study explored the development of second language (L2) Chinese learners' ability to negotiate requests in interactions. It investigated the effect of proficiency on learners' use of request strategies and internal modifications and on their sequential realization of requests in L2 Chinese. Twenty‐four American English learners of L2 Mandarin Chinese at three different proficiency levels completed a three‐scenario role‐play task. The scenarios were kept low in imposition and social distance but variable in power relations. Each participant interacted with a native speaker interlocutor who assumed different roles in those scenarios. Baseline data were provided by 10 native speakers (NSs) of Chinese. A total of 102 role‐plays were coded for request strategies, internal modifications, and supportive moves, as well as the sequential placement of supportive moves in pre‐, insert, and postexpansions. Situational variations as reflected in role‐play production were considered alongside. The results showed that learners across proficiencies had the same range of pragmatic strategies as in NSs' repertoire, but they showed a general incompetence in employing internal modifications. Learners' ability to delay the requests improved with increasing proficiency, but learner production in general did not show the same level of situational variations as observed in the NS data.
Faster turnover of new soil carbon inputs under increased atmospheric CO2
Authors: van Groenigen Kees Jan , Osenberg Craig W. , Terrer César , Carrillo Yolima , Dijkstra Feike A. , Heath James , Nie Ming , Pendall Elise , Phillips Richard P. , Hungate Bruce A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRising levels of atmospheric CO2 frequently stimulate plant inputs to soil, but the consequences of these changes for soil carbon (C) dynamics are poorly understood. Plant‐derived inputs can accumulate in the soil and become part of the soil C pool (“new soil C”), or accelerate losses of pre‐existing (“old”) soil C. The dynamics of the new and old pools will likely differ and alter the long‐term fate of soil C, but these separate pools, which can be distinguished through isotopic labeling, have not been considered in past syntheses. Using meta‐analysis, we found that while elevated CO2 (ranging from 550 to 800 parts per million by volume) stimulates the accumulation of new soil C in the short term (<1 year), these effects do not persist in the longer term (1–4 years). Elevated CO2 does not affect the decomposition or the size of the old soil C pool over either temporal scale. Our results are inconsistent with predictions of conventional soil C models and suggest that elevated CO2 might increase turnover rates of new soil C. Because increased turnover rates of new soil C limit the potential for additional soil C sequestration, the capacity of land ecosystems to slow the rise in atmospheric CO2 concentrations may be smaller than previously assumed.
Aplasia cutis congenita type V: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Perry Benjamin M. , Maughan Cory B. , Crosby Matthew S. , Hadenfeld Scott D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAplasia cutis congenita (ACC) is a relatively rare congenital anomaly that most commonly occurs as a solitary cutaneous defect on the scalp. Depth of involvement varies, and involvement of deeper calvarium and dural structures can be seen in more severe cases. Multiple classification systems have been devised with the Frieden Classification System being the most widely adopted. Using this system, we describe a patient that developed Type V ACC with associated fetal papyraceous. The child healed remarkably well with the application of petrolatum impregnated gauze and topical silver sulfadiazine twice daily for approximately 4 weeks. The child was noted to have no significant contractures or complications at 6‐months and 1‐year follow‐up exams. Herein, we review the current literature on type V ACC including a discussion of treatment options.
Radical scavenging and anti‐proliferative capacity of three freeze‐dried tropical fruits
Authors: Olivas‐Aguirre Francisco J. , González‐Aguilar Gustavo A. , Velderrain‐Rodríguez Gustavo R. , Torres‐Moreno Heriberto , Robles‐Zepeda Ramón E. , Vázquez‐Flores Alma A. , de la Rosa Laura A. , Wall‐Medrano Abraham 
Published: May 2017

SummaryTropical fruits are rich in antioxidant and anticancer phytochemicals, but their nutraceutical potential could be enhanced by drying technologies. Mango cv. Ataulfo, papaya cv. Maradol and pineapple cv. Esmeralda ripe pulps were freeze‐dried (−42 °C, 0.12 torr, 48 h) and their physicochemical and phytochemical profile, radical scavenging and antiproliferative capacity evaluated. The content of soluble solids, phenolic compounds and ascorbic acid was higher in mango (16.1oBrix, 9.9 mg GAE per g and 9.6 mg g−1) than in papaya/pineapple, but the later had more flavonoids (0.45 ± 0.05 mg QE per g). A fruit‐specific phenolic profile was detected by HPLC‐ESI‐QTOF‐MS, being shikimic (mango), chlorogenic (papaya), and protocatechuic (pineapple) acids the most abundant. Mango was the strongest radical scavenger and showed antiproliferative capacity (IC50, μg mL−1) in RAW 264.7 (100.7), HeLa (193.1) and L929 (138.5) cell lines. Papaya and pineapple extracts showed no antiproliferative activity. Freeze‐dried mango is a ready‐to‐eat functional food with better cancer preventing properties than papaya or pineapple.
The frequency of occurrence of atypical lymphocytes in peripheral blood smears of natalizumab‐treated patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Robier C. , Amouzadeh‐Ghadikolai O. , Bregant C. , Diez J. , Melinz K. , Quehenberger F. , Quasthoff S. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryIntroductionAside from the extensive published data on immunophenotypic lymphocyte subsets in natalizumab‐treated patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), an impact of natalizumab on lymphocyte morphology has rarely been studied. As patients treated with immunomodulating or immunosuppressive drugs are at risk for infectious disorders such as viral infections, knowledge of drug‐derived changes in lymphocyte morphology may be beneficial in the diagnostic work‐up in such clinical situations. This study aimed to determine the frequency of occurrence of atypical lymphocytes and defined subtypes of variant lymphocytes in natalizumab‐treated patients with MS.MethodsWe compared eight defined morphological lymphocyte subtypes in peripheral blood smears between 14 natalizumab‐treated, 13 interferon‐treated and 10 untreated subjects with relapse‐remitting MS.ResultsAtypical lymphocytes were significantly enhanced in natalizumab‐treated patients compared to the interferon and control group (P<.0001). Binucleated lymphocytes were restricted to the natalizumab group (P=.0058, P=.018), and plasmacytoid lymphocytes were more frequently found in the natalizumab group (P<.0001).ConclusionOur data indicate that natalizumab enhances the fraction of atypical lymphocytes, and thereby especially the binucleated and plasmacytoid lymphocytes. Knowledge of these natalizumab‐associated changes in lymphocyte morphology may be relevant in clinical routine, to avoid unnecessary diagnostic procedures or even a discontinuation of natalizumab treatment.
The pastoral crowd: Exploring self‐hosted crowdfunding using activity theory and social capital
Authors: Gleasure Rob , Morgan Lorraine 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAs crowdfunding technologies mature, designers and practitioners are continuing to discover new paradigms for fund‐raising activities. One such paradigm seeks to complement or replace third‐party crowdfunding websites by embedding crowdfunding technologies directly into fund seekers' personal websites. This promises more control and customisation for fund seekers yet also distances fund‐seeking activities from the established crowds on websites such as Kickstarter and Indiegogo. Consequently, fund seekers adopting this paradigm must be capable of gathering and sustaining a suitable crowd that does not already exist in any one location. However, not all organisations are likely to possess the social resources to meet this challenge. Of those that do, little is known about how they might leverage these resources or the manner in which specific resources have an impact. Thus, the objective of this study is to explore the social resources that enable self‐hosted crowdfunding activities. In particular, this research models these activities by leveraging 2 a priori theoretical lenses: activity theory and social capital theory. These are applied to analyse an extreme case of self‐hosted crowdfunding, the funding of Star Citizen. Observations from this case are used to develop a propositional model that links different types of social capital with specific elements of self‐hosted crowdfunding.
Assessing Biomineral Formation by Iron‐oxidizing Bacteria in a Circumneutral Creek
Authors: Almaraz Nohemi , Whitaker Andrew H. , Andrews Megan Y. , Duckworth Owen W. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIron oxidizing bacteria and environmental conditions influence the formation of iron biominerals in aquatic environments. This 10‐week Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) study focused on elucidating how water chemistry and iron oxidizing bacteria affect the formation of iron oxides in creeks with circumneutral pH. Two locations, each with multiple microenvironments containing abundant iron oxide deposits, were studied. Water chemistry was assessed via both in situ and laboratory analysis over a 5‐week period, revealing correlations between aqueous components that indicate differing groundwater sources may feed nearby discharge points. Microscopy of iron oxide deposits reveals morphologies consistent with the presence of iron oxidizing bacteria. Although efforts to isolate iron oxidizing bacteria did not produce pure cultures, 16S ribosomal DNA analysis also suggests the presence of iron oxidizing bacteria in these sites. Taken together, these results show the diversity of iron oxide forming microenvironments in spatially collocated sites, which may result in unique formations of iron oxide structures, microbial communities, and aqueous chemical cycling.
Design and Manufacturing of High Surface Area 3D‐Printed Media for Moving Bed Bioreactors for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Elliott Olivia , Gray Stephanie , McClay Michael , Nassief Bakr , Nunnelley Ann , Vogt Eric , Ekong Joseph , Kardel Kamran , Khoshkhoo Ali , Proaño Gabriel , Blersch David M. , Carrano Andres L. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe specific surface area and topology of a biofilter media carrier is one of the most important parameters that determines the performance and efficiency of the system. In this work, mathematical models and 3D printing technologies were used to design and fabricate complex media designs that provide high specific surface area and refugia to protect biofilm from premature sloughing. Several gyroid based designs were proposed with specific surface area well beyond 2300 m2/m3. However, wall thicknesses and pore sizes that are prone to clogging determined a design that yields 1168 m2/m3 (133% larger than the baseline commercial K1 Kaldnes). Several moving bed bioreactors were constructed for laboratory testing with inoculation provided by wastewater from a fisheries operation. Preliminary results indicate that the 3D printed media can withstand the prevalent conditions in moving bed bioreactors, and that the NH3 removal rate of gyroid media is comparable to that of K1 Kaldnes. This work establishes the feasibility of using 3D printing for bioreactor media fabrication and allows for future topology optimization for enhanced operation. Future work is needed to investigate how these complex media designs might stimulate novel microbial assemblages and community metabolism that translate into yield efficiency gains in reactor performance.
Time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry of wet and dry chemically treated display glass surfaces
Authors: Cushman Cody V. , Zakel Julia , Sturgell Brandon S. , Major George I. , Lunt Barry M. , Brüner Philipp , Grehl Thomas , Smith Nicholas J. , Linford Matthew R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDisplay glasses meet the demands of the flat panel display industry vis‐à‐vis their composition, flatness, and forming processes. Here, we report the high‐resolution time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) characterization of Corning® EAGLE XG®, a widely used display glass, and subsequent chemometric analyses of these data. Samples analyzed included the as‐formed glass, fracture surfaces from remelt bars, and as‐formed surfaces subsequently exposed to process‐relevant treatments, including strong acids and bases, two industrial detergents, and an atmospheric‐pressure plasma treatment. Elemental signals in the positive ion ToF‐SIMS spectra respond to surface treatments. Acidic conditions leach non‐silica components from the surfaces, while basic treatments extract these species less efficiently. The detergents leave residues of Na+ and K+. The atmospheric pressure (AP) plasma treatment had little effect on the surface composition, while the melt surface differs significantly from the bulk fracture surface. Above ca. 75 m/z, the negative ion spectra are dominated by two series of homologous cluster ions with compositions of SinO2n+2Al− and SimHO2m+1H−. The presence of these clusters suggests that analogous structures exist at the near surface regions of the samples. In a series of multivariate curve resolution (MCR) analyses, two or three MCR components captured >95% of the variance in the data for these samples.
Preparation of safflower oil microcapsules with gelatin and a novel exopolysaccharide as wall matrix
Authors: Ye Shuhong , Fan Yu , Cui Yuna , Chen Dun , Kong Lingxi , Liu Yan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractGelatin and exopolysaccharide (EPS) as wall matrix were investigated for safflower oil microcapsules using complex coacervation. The EPS from Pseudomonas PT‐8 was negatively charged, which can react with positive charge of gelatin electrostatic to yield polymer rich phases. Single factor and orthogonal tests were carried out to determine optimal preparation conditions, mixing gelatin (30 g/L) and EPS (30 g/L) with a ratio of 5:4 at pH3.6 firstly, then coating safflower oil with 50 g/L gelatin‐EPS, 60 g/L Tween 80, and Span 80 (1:1) as emulsifier and 3‰ transglutaminase (TG) as cross‐linking agent, encapsulation efficiency of microcapsules reached 81.27% by cross‐linking for 120 min at 20,000 rpm. Free flowing spherical microcapsules were made up of small round particles whose diameters were between 1 and 20 µm. When microcapsule powder dissolved in water, it can be dyed well by safranin due to its good dispersivity. Evaluation of endotoxin suggested that gelatin–EPS was not contaminated by endotoxin.Practical applicationsGelatin and a novel microbial polysaccharide as shell matrix are used in safflower oil microcapsules. It can be easily digested by the body and effectively decrease undesirable taste and odor. It also can keep the ability of reducing blood viscosity, improving blood circulation and enhancing memory, due to the special shell.