bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verification of a rheological constitutive model for shotcrete through back‐analysis
Authors: Paternesi Alessandra , Schweiger Helmut F. , Schubert Peter 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTunnel excavation represents a particularly challenging problem from the design point of view, mainly due to the uncertainties characterising the soil or rock mass behaviour and to the difficulties in the prediction of the stress state on the structural supports. This explains why tunnel designers mostly rely on observational data, adapting excavation sequences and support measures during the construction phase (at least in the case of traditionally excavated tunnels), especially for deep tunnels, where the geological and geotechnical uncertainties can be significant. However, the observational method requires a reliable monitoring system as well as considerable work to interpret and back‐analyse data measured during construction. On the other hand, this interpretation and back‐analysis represent an important step in gaining better understanding of the system response and allowing improvement of the design, thus avoiding excessively conservative and uneconomical solutions. In this paper, a back‐analysis of stress and displacement measurements is presented for a NATM tunnel excavation in rock, carried out using a rheological model for shotcrete. It is shown, consistently with the previous literature on the topic, that the use of an advanced model improves the prediction of tunnel behaviour compared to the common practice of using quasi‐elastic E‐moduli.
An assessment method for fine‐grained sedimentary materials excavated by EPB TBM
Authors: Tokgöz Nuray 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe aims of this study are to find a solution for the problems (lumping, adhesion, and clogging) encountered with fine‐grained sedimentary materials, minimize the time and cost of excavation, and decrease the potential environmental effects due to soil conditioning chemicals used in the process of excavating a waste water tunnel. Therefore, this study will contribute important technical knowledge regarding design and implementation of excavation with TBM to the mining and construction industries as well as for optimization in mechanical engineering.In this research, real‐time machine operational parameters recorded by EPB TBM and actual geotechnical parameters in an Istanbul‐Büyükcekmece Wastewater Tunnel at seven selected tunnel sections were used as input data for the back analysis and assessment method. The method covers excavated materials with: (1) water and (2) soil conditioning chemicals. The influence of water and soil‐conditioning chemicals of different proportions on torque, thrust, advance rate of the TBM, and plasticity and consistency indices of the material were investigated. Finally, integrated data were evaluated by multiple linear regression models.
Is it better to be happy or not depressed? Depression mediates the effect of psychological well‐being on adverse health outcomes in older adults
Authors: Rao S. K. , Wallace L. M. K. , Theou O. , Rockwood K. 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesTo examine the relationship between psychological well‐being and depression in older adults and the relative contribution these psychological factors have on risk of functional disability, frailty, and mortality.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of 1668 community‐dwelling older adults without dementia who participated in the second wave of the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. Baseline assessments of psychological well‐being (Ryff scale) and depression (Geriatric Depression Scale; GDS) were collected. At 5‐year follow‐up, mortality data were collected; frailty and disability in activities of daily living were evaluated using the frailty index (FI) and the Lawton‐Brody scale, respectively.ResultsArea under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve indicated that GDS and Ryff scores were able to independently discriminate whether individuals were considered frail (C = 0.66; C = 0.59, respectively), had limitations in basic (C = 0.64; C = 0.57, respectively) or instrumental (C = 0.70; C = 0.57, respectively) activities of daily living, or had died (C = 0.63; C = 0.57) at follow‐up (all P < 0.01). Regression models in which the Ryff and GDS were included in the same model demonstrated that the GDS significantly predicted frailty, disability, and mortality, whereas the Ryff effect was not significant. Mediation analysis determined that the effect of psychological well‐being on adverse outcomes was fully mediated by depression.ConclusionsOur results suggest that although both depression and psychological well‐being appear to modulate risk for adverse physical health outcomes, depression mediates this relationship. Detecting and treating depressive symptoms should be of high priority in older patients to mitigate risk of future physical health adversities including mortality. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Doctor Competence and the Demand for Healthcare: Evidence from Rural China
Authors: Fe Eduardo , Powell‐Jackson Timothy , Yip Winnie 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThe agency problem between patients and doctors has long been emphasised in the health economics literature, but the empirical evidence on whether patients can evaluate and respond to better quality care remains mixed and inconclusive. Using household data linked to an assessment of village doctors' clinical competence in rural China, we show that there is no correlation between doctor competence and patients' healthcare utilisation, with confidence intervals reasonably tight around zero. Household perceptions of quality are an important determinant of care‐seeking behaviour, yet patients appear unable to recognise more competent doctors – there is no relationship between doctor competence and perceptions of quality. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Redefining the R1 resection in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Markov Pavel , Satoi Sohei , Kon Masanori 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMost cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are lethal. Margin‐negative surgical resection is a mainstay of treatment and the only chance of a cure. Differences in pathological reporting, surgical technique, definitions of resection margin, and group stratification all affect outcome analyses. Furthermore, there are controversial issues influencing the clinical interpretation of resection margin after pancreatectomy. There is no standardized definition of margin involvement in resected specimens of PDAC. The non‐standardized pathologic approach explains the wide range of positive resection margin rates (13–71%) that have previously been reported. A standardized pathologic evaluation needs to be developed for proper assessment of resection margin after oncologic pancreatectomy. This manuscript reviews the current controversial issues in assessing resection margin in order to enhance understanding of the current status and potential role of pathological evaluation in patients with PDAC.
Effect of gate‐length downscaling on the analog/RF and linearity performance of InAs‐based nanowire tunnel FET
Authors: Baral Biswajit , Biswal Sudhansu Mohan , De Debashis , Sarkar Angsuman 
Published: August 2016

SummaryIn this paper, the analog/radio frequency (RF) and linearity performance of an InAs‐based nanowire (NW) tunnel field‐effect transistor (TFET) is studied and compared with InAs‐based NW MSFET of identical dimension. InAs‐based NW TFETs shows a great promise for high performance digital application because of its superior subthreshold behavior. Different analog/RF and linearity key figure‐of‐merits like cut‐off frequency (ft) and 1‐dB compression point are extracted and the effect of gate length down scaling on those parameters has been studied. The results reveal that down scaled InAs‐based NW TFET shows a significant improvement in its RF and linearity performance. However, this advantage diminishes in terms of poor analog performance with gate‐length downscaling. This clearly indicates the necessity of a trade‐off between analog and RF performance. Moreover, an in‐depth comparison between InAs‐based NW TFET and conventional MOSFET has also been provided in order to demonstrate the superiority of InAs‐based NW TFET to become a competitive contender by replacing conventional MOSFET for Analog/Mixed signal System‐on‐Chip (SOC) applications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distinct impacts of two types of La Niña events on Australian summer rainfall
Authors: Song Linye , Chen Shangfeng , Chen Wen , Chen Xiaolong 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThis study investigates impacts of two types of La Niña events, eastern Pacific (EP) La Niña and central Pacific (CP) La Niña, on Australian summer rainfall during 1951–2009. Results show that Australian summer rainfall is sensitive to the change in the location of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in equatorial Pacific. During CP La Niña, maximum cold SST anomaly is located in the equatorial CP west of 150°W, and significant northeasterly wind anomalies tend to prevail over northeastern Australia during austral summer. This brings more moist and warm flow from the tropics to Australia and leads to significant positive rainfall anomalies over northern and eastern Australia. In contrast, during EP La Niña, maximum cold SST anomaly is confined to equatorial EP east of 150°W and atmospheric circulation anomalies tend to be weak. As a result, rainfall anomalies are generally weak over Australia in EP La Niña. The differences in the Australian summer rainfall anomalies between CP La Niña and EP La Niña are attributed to the differences in atmospheric circulation anomalies. Specifically, the atmospheric circulation anomalies over tropical Pacific tend to be stronger and located more westward in CP La Niña. Higher climatological SST in the equatorial CP than equatorial EP, larger magnitude and westward shift of cold SST anomaly centre in CP La Niña than EP Niña may explain stronger and westward shift of the atmospheric anomalies in CP La Niña. Atmospheric model numerical experiments confirm the contribution of stronger circulation response in CP La Niña to the positive rainfall anomalies in Australia. Results in this study suggest that it is important to classify the La Niña events into different types when predicting Australian summer rainfall.
Ultrafast capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry of controlled substances with optical isomer separation in about a minute
Authors: Rollman Christopher M. , Moini Mehdi 
Published: August 2016

RationaleAnalysis of forensic evidence by information‐rich technologies such as mass spectrometry (MS) is one of the fastest growing areas in forensic analysis. To provide more accurate identification of forensic evidence, in the past few years there has been a growing interest in moving this technology to the field for on‐site, real‐time analysis. To this end, several portable mass spectrometers have been introduced; however, the analysis of controlled substances could be complicated by the existence of various isomers including optical isomers in which sentencing may depend on the identification of the isomer. To date very few portable separation devices are capable of separating and identifying the optical isomers.MethodsIn this study, the application of the portable ultrafast capillary electrophoresis (UFCE) to the separation of controlled substances is presented and the results are compared with the results obtained from a bench‐top CE system. Both a nominal mass ion trap mass spectrometer and an accurate mass orbitrap mass spectrometer were interfaced with CE using a porous tip capillary.ResultsA mixture of several controlled substances can be separated and detected using UFCE/MS in about a minute using field strengths of ≥1000 V/cm. Furthermore, separation and detection of underivatized optical isomers of amphetamine, cathinone, nor‐mephedrone, and pregabalin using UFCE/MS can be achieved with an analysis time of less than two minutes. Resolutions of 1.3, 3.7 and 3.8 were achieved for pregabalin, cathinone and nor‐mephedrone, respectively, under UFCE/MS conditions.ConclusionsAmphetamine, cathinone, nor‐mephedrone and pregabalin were separated and detected in about a minute, demonstrating the utility of the portable CE instrument for the analysis of controlled substances and their optical isomers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
XSS‐immune: a Google chrome extension‐based XSS defensive framework for contemporary platforms of web applications
Authors: Gupta Shashank , Gupta Brij Bhooshan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this paper, the authors analyzed and discussed the performance issues in the existing cross‐site scripting (XSS) filters and based on that, proposed a JavaScript string comparison and context‐aware sanitization‐based framework, XSS‐immune. It is a browser‐resident framework that compares the set of scripts embedded in hypertext transfer protocol request (HREQ) and hypertext transfer protocol response (HRES) for discovering any similar untrusted/malicious JavaScript code. This similar code points towards the untrusted JavaScript code that will be utilized by an attacker to exploit the vulnerabilities of XSS worms. In addition, our technique determines the context of such worms and performs the sanitization on them accordingly for alleviating the effect of such XSS worms from the real world web applications. We have also introduced a mechanism that can detect the injection of malicious parameter values by modifying the existing JavaScript code, that is, partial script injections. The prototype of XSS‐immune was developed in Java and installed as an extension on the Google Chrome. In addition, we have verified the implementation of our design of prototype against five open‐source XSS attack vector repositories, and very few XSS attack worms were able to evade our proposed design. Experimental evaluation and testing of XSS‐immune were performed by adding support from the tested suite of real world web applications. The performance evaluation results revealed that our framework is able to detect the XSS worms with acceptable low false positive and false negative rate in comparison with the performance of existing XSS filters. Experimental results also incurred acceptable runtime overhead because of minor alterations on client‐side browser and computationally fast execution of modules deployed in our browser‐resident framework. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Torsion and its interaction with other internal forces in EN 1993‐1‐1 – a new approach
Authors: Real Esther , Bordallo Jordi , Real Esther 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis paper presents and clarifies the treatments included in EN 1993‐1‐1 [1] relating to checking the resistance of steel cross‐sections under torsion and its interaction with other internal forces. Specifically, the origin of the formulations for shear‐torsion interaction, which has not been found in the literature, is presented. Furthermore, a very simple formulation based on the expressions used for shear‐torsion interaction is developed in order to take into account bending‐warping torsion interaction for symmetrical I‐sections (IP and HE steel profiles). Such a formulation overcomes the overly conservative approach given in EN 1993‐1‐1 [1] for class 1 and class 2 cross‐sections (plastic and compact cross‐sections). Finally, a rigorous method for determining the bending resistance of cross‐sections is proposed considering the interaction with shear and torsion. The proposal is well suited to the concept of cross‐section class and is perfectly consistent with the approaches set out to consider bending‐shear and bending‐warping torsion interactions.
Web crippling capacities of rivet fastened rectangular hollow flange channel beams under one flange load cases
Authors: Steau Edward , Keerthan Poologanathan , Mahendran Mahen 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA new rivet fastened rectangular hollow flange channel beam (RHFCB) was proposed using an intermittently rivet fastening process as an alternative to welded beams. The rivet fastened RHFCB allows greater section optimisation and flexibility in designing suitable combinations of web and flange widths and thicknesses for many industrial applications. In the industrial applications of rivet fastened RHFCBs as flooring, roofing or modular building systems, their flanges will be fastened to supports, which will provide increased capacities. However no research has been conducted to investigate the web crippling capacities of RHFCBs with flanges unfastened and fastened to supports under one‐flange load cases. Similarly the applicability of current design rules for cold‐formed steel sections are not suitable for rivet fastened RHFCBs. Hence to address these issues, an experimental study was conducted to investigate the web crippling behaviour and capacities of RHFCBs based on the new AISI S909 standard test method. This study included rivet fastened RHFCBs with flanges unfastened and fastened to supports under End One Flange (EOF) and Interior One Flange (IOF) load cases. Tests with flanges fastened to supports showed that web crippling capacities increased by 39 and 5 % for EOF and IOF load cases. Comparisons of experimental web crippling capacity results with predictions using the current AS/NZS 4600 and AISI S100 design standards showed that web crippling design equations are conservative for rivet fastened RHFCBs with flanges unfastened and fastened to supports under EOF and IOF load cases. Hence new equations are proposed to determine the web crippling capacities of rivet fastened RHFCBs. This paper presents the details of this web crippling experimental study of rivet fastened RHFCB sections and the results.
A composite dowel bridge in the Czech Republic
Authors: Simon Pavel , Hrdlicka Libor , Dráb Aleš , Zvěřina Vojtěch 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe floods in the Czech Republic in the last few decades have resulted in a significant number of bridges having to be rebuilt. Unfortunately, the work meant long‐term traffic closures for railway bridges, coupled with significant costs for renovation and for providing alternative transport services. As a result, the minimum clear headroom above the design flood level required for new bridges and for reconstructing existing bridges has been increased. This initiated a search for new approaches to designing individual parts of bridge crossings, aiming to comply with the stricter conditions. The research aims to decrease costs in comparison with the costs of raising the finished grade level of the railway, especially at places where adjacent sections such as railway stations etc. are connected.
Mesoporous Silica Layer: Preparation and Opportunity
Authors: Ogawa Makoto 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPeriodic mesoporous silicas, which were prepared from silica‐surfactant mesostructured materials, have been investigated for a wide range of application due to their very large surface area, high porosity, pore size uniformity and variation, periodic pore arrangement and possible pore surface modification, after the pioneering papers on the formation of mesoporous silicas (MCM‐41 and FSM‐16). Morphosyntheses from such macroscopic morphologies as bulk monolith and film to nanoscopic ones, nanoparticles and their stable suspension, make mesoporous materials more attractive for applications and detailed characterization. Mesoporous silicas have been studied initially for such applications as adsorbent and catalyst, and more recently, optical, electronic, and bio‐related applications have been investigated. This review summarizes the studies on mesoporous silica film to highlight the present status and future of the preparation, characterization and application of the mesoporous silica film.
Synthesis of Quinolines via a Metal‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative N‐Heterocyclization
Authors: Chelucci Giorgio , Porcheddu Andrea 
Published: August 2016

AbstractEfficient ruthenium‐, rhodium‐, palladium‐, copper‐ and iridium‐catalysed methodologies have been recently developed for the synthesis of quinolines by the reaction of 2‐aminobenzyl alcohols with carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones) or the related alcohols. The reaction is assumed to proceed via a sequence involving initial metal‐catalysed oxidation of 2‐aminobenzyl alcohols to the related 2‐aminobenzaldehydes, followed by cross aldol reaction with a carbonyl compound under basic conditions to afford α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds. These aldehydes or ketones can be also generated in situ via dehydrogenation of the related primary and secondary alcohols. In the final step cyclodehydration of the α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compound intermediates gives quinolines. Good yields of quinolines were also obtained by reacting 2‐nitrobenzyl alcohols and secondary alcohols in the presence of a ruthenium catalyst. Finally, aniline derivatives afforded also a useful access to quinolines by the reaction with 1,3‐propanediol or 3‐amino‐1‐propanol, or in a three‐component reaction with benzyl alcohol and aliphatic alcohols.
Economic evaluation of Kampo therapy
Authors: Imai Taro , Ikeda Shunya 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTAimThe aim of this study was to investigate the current circumstances of pharmacoeconomic evaluation of Kampo therapy, by carrying out qualitative analysis of articles on the economic evaluation of Kampo therapy published over the last 30 years from an evidence‐based medicine viewpoint.MethodsThe Japan Medical Abstracts Society (JAMAS) Web Ver. 5 was searched for reports relevant to cost‐effectiveness evaluation in Japan published between 1983 and 2013. Search terms used were ‘Kampo’, ‘economics’, and ‘cost’. Cited references were also included.ResultsA total of 22 articles relevant to the economic evaluation of Kampo medicines were extracted. A total of 27 sets of results were ultimately obtained. Of the 27 studies, 16 covered direct costs (pharmaceutical costs only), 7 covered direct costs including non‐pharmaceutical medical costs, and 3 covered direct costs and indirect costs. Costs were reduced by Kampo therapy for 25 studies.ConclusionMany economic evaluation studies of Kampo therapy have small control groups and low evidence levels. The cost‐effectiveness of Kampo medicines needs to be demonstrated through integrated, objective, and proactive evaluations. Implementation of high‐quality economic evaluation studies on various Kampo therapies is therefore needed.
Effect of Experimental Conditions on Cementite Formation During Reduction of Iron Ore Pellets
Authors: Kazemi Mania , Sichen Du 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Experiments have been carried out to study the effect of temperature, gas composition, residence time, and type of iron ore pellets on formation of cementite during gaseous reduction of hematite. Industrial iron ore pellets have been reduced isothermally in a gas mixture with H2 and CO as main components. The presence of Fe3C in the partially reduced pellets shows that reduction and cementite formation take place at the same time. The maximum content of cementite is identified in the samples reduced by H2-CO at 1123 K (850 °C). The decrease in the carbide content due to addition of 1 pct CO2 to the initial gas mixture reveals the major influence of carbon potential in the gas atmosphere. Further increase of CO2 content increases the Fe3C. The variations of the amount of cementite with the CO2 content suggest that both the thermodynamics and kinetics of cementite formation are affected by the gas composition. Cementite decomposes to graphite and iron particles in reducing and inert atmospheres as the residence time of pellets at high temperature is increased above 60 minutes.