bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neutrophils in the tumor microenvironment: trying to heal the wound that cannot heal
Authors: Singel Kelly L. , Segal Brahm H. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryNeutrophils are the first responders to infection and injury and are critical for antimicrobial host defense. Through the generation of reactive oxidants, activation of granular constituents and neutrophil extracellular traps, neutrophils target microbes and prevent their dissemination. While these pathways are beneficial in the context of trauma and infection, their off‐target effects in the context of tumor are variable. Tumor‐derived factors have been shown to reprogram the marrow, skewing toward the expansion of myelopoiesis. This can result in stimulation of both neutrophilic leukocytosis and the release of immature granulocytic populations that accumulate in circulation and in the tumor microenvironment. While activated neutrophils have been shown to kill tumor cells, there is growing evidence for neutrophil activation driving tumor progression and metastasis through a number of pathways, including stimulation of thrombosis and angiogenesis, stromal remodeling, and impairment of T cell‐dependent anti‐tumor immunity. There is also growing appreciation of neutrophil heterogeneity in cancer, with distinct neutrophil populations promoting cancer control or progression. In addition to the effects of tumor on neutrophil responses, anti‐neoplastic treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy, and growth factors, can influence neutrophil responses. Future directions for research are expected to result in more mechanistic knowledge of neutrophil biology in the tumor microenvironment that may be exploited as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Variability in Osmotic Stress Tolerance of Starch Potato Genotypes (Solanum tuberosum L.) as Revealed by an In Vitro Screening: Role of Proline, Osmotic Adjustment and Drought Response in Pot Trials
Authors: Bündig C. , Vu T. H. , Meise P. , Seddig S. , Schum A. , Winkelmann T. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSolanum tuberosum (potato) as a drought sensitive plant is also one of the most promising plants to meet the demands for food and starch of a growing population. Distinguishing genotypes into tolerant and susceptible is therefore of utmost interest. We subjected eighteen potato genotypes and two wild species, S. tarijense and S. chacoense, to osmotic stress applied in vitro by addition of 0.2 m sorbitol to a solid medium. Here, we report that a ratio of root:shoot dry mass (DM) together with the SSI (stress susceptibility index, equivalent to drought susceptibility index by Fischer and Maurer, Aust. J. Agron. Res., 29, 1978) of shoot DM were found to be relevant parameters to characterize genotypes in vitro for their osmotic stress tolerance. Drought stress data from pot trials in a rainout shelter (2013 and 2015) correlated poorly with the data obtained in in vitro experiments. However, the most tolerant and most sensitive genotypes in vitro were also categorized to be more tolerant or sensitive than the average to drought stress in vivo. Both, under in vitro and in vivo conditions, proline displayed an increase under osmotic stress conditions in nearly all potatoes tested, but no direct correlations were found to stress tolerance. However, a genotype classified as tolerant displayed earlier proline accumulation. Proline is thought of as one factor for plants to withstand stressful conditions, but cannot be used to distinguish potato genotypes for their stress tolerance to osmotic stress in vitro. Analysis of the osmotic potential of in vitro and in vivo stressed plants displayed a general increase compared to the control.
Cell surface‐anchored syndecan‐1 ameliorates intestinal inflammation and neutrophil transmigration in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Zhang Yan , Wang Zhongqiu , Liu Jun , Zhang Shaoheng , Fei Jiaxi , Li Jing , Zhang Ting , Wang Jide , Park Pyong W. , Chen Ye 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSyndecan‐1 (SDC1), with a variable ectodomain carrying heparan sulphate (HS) chains between different Syndecans, participates in many steps of inflammatory responses. In the process of proteolysis, theHSchains of the complete extracellular domain can be shed from the cell surface, by which they can mediate most ofSDC1's function. However, the exact impact onSDC1 which anchored on the cell surface has not been clearly reported. In our study, we established the models by transfection with the cleavable resistantSDC1 mutant plasmid, in whichSDC1 shedding can be suppressed during stimulation. Role of membraneSDC1 in inflammatory pathway, pro‐inflammatory cytokine secretion as well as neutrophil transmigration, and how suppressing its shedding will benefit colitis were further investigated. We found that the patients suffered ulcerative colitis had high serumSDC1 levels,presented with increased levels of P65, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) andIL‐1β and higher circulating neutrophils.NF‐κB pathway was activated, and secretion ofTNF‐α, interleukin‐1beta (IL‐1β),IL‐6 andIL‐8 were increased upon lipopolysaccharide stimuli in intestinal epithelial cells. Syndecan‐1,viaits anchored ectodomain, significantly lessened these up‐regulation extents. It also functioned in inhibiting transmigration of neutrophils by decreasingCXCL‐1 secretion. Moreover,SDC1 ameliorated colitis activity and improved histological disturbances of colon in mice. Taken together, we conclude that suppression ofSDC1 shedding from intestinal epithelial cells relieves severity of intestinal inflammation and neutrophil transmigration by inactivating key inflammatory regulatorsNF‐κB, and down‐regulating pro‐inflammatory cytokine expressions. These indicated that compenstion and shedding suppression of cytomembraneSDC1 might be the optional therapy for intestinal inflammation.
CD151 mediates netrin‐1‐induced angiogenesis through the Src‐FAK‐Paxillin pathway
Authors: Yang Xiaosheng , Li Shiting , Zhong Jun , Zhang Wenchuan , Hua Xuming , Li Bin , Sun Hui 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCrosstalk between the nervous and vascular systems is important during development and in response to injury, and the laminin‐like axonal guidance protein netrin‐1 has been studied for its involvement in angiogenesis and vascular remodelling. In this study, we examined the role of netrin‐1 in angiogenesis and explored the underlying mechanisms. The effect of netrin‐1 on brain tissues and endothelial cells was examined by immunohistochemistry and western blotting in a middle cerebral artery occlusion model and in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Cell proliferation and cell cycle progression were assessed by the MTT assay and flow cytometry, and the Transwell and tube formation assays were used to examine endothelial cell motility and function. Netrin‐1 up‐regulated CD151 and VEGF concomitant with the activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Src and Paxillin in vitro and in vivo and the induction of cell proliferation, migration and tube formation in vitro. Silencing of CD151 abolished the effects of netrin‐1 on promoting cell migration and tube formation mediated by the activation of FAK/Src signalling. Netrin‐1 promoted angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo by activating the FAK/Src/Paxillin signalling pathway through a mechanism dependent on the expression of the CD151 tetraspanin, suggesting the existence of a netrin‐1/FAK/Src/CD151 signalling axis involved in the modulation of angiogenesis.
Jessner's solution vs. 30% salicylic acid peels: a comparative study of the efficacy and safety in mild‐to‐moderate acne vulgaris
Authors: Dayal Surabhi , Amrani Ashish , Sahu Priyadarshini , Jain Vijay Kumar 
Published: August 2016

SummaryIntroductionChemical peeling is a well‐identified therapeutic modality for acne vulgaris (AV). Jessner's solution (JS) is a known peeling agent for acne since more than 100 years. Salicylic acid (SA) peel is a well‐established peeling agent for acne. There is paucity of literature comparing the current peeling agents of choice, that is, SA with the older peeling agents, that is, JS for acne.ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and safety of 30% SA vs. JS peels in treatment of mild‐to‐moderate facial acne in Indian patients.Materials and MethodA total of 40 patients with mild‐to‐moderate AV were enrolled for 12 weeks and were randomly divided into two groups: group 1, 30% SA peels and group 2, JS peels were performed 2 weeks apart with total of six peels in 12‐week duration. Clinical improvement was assessed objectively using Michaelsson acne scores (MAS) and clinical photographs. Side effects were observed at each visit.ResultsAt the end of therapy, improvement in MAS and percentage decrease in MAS were significantly higher in group 1 as compared to group 2. Likewise, decrease in mean comedone counts in group 1 was significantly higher as compared to group 2. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the decrease in mean papule and pustule counts between the two groups. Both the groups tolerated the peels well.ConclusionThus, 30% SA peels were more effective than JS peels in treatment of noninflammatory lesions, that is, comedones and in overall improvement of mild‐to‐moderate facial acne vulgaris.
Group B streptococcus antimicrobial resistance in neonates born to group B streptococcus‐colonized mothers: Single‐center survey
Authors: Li Yi‐Ping , Kuok Chi‐Man , Lin Shin‐Yu , Hsieh Wu‐Shiun , Shyu Ming‐Kwang 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimIn this study, we collected group B streptococcus (GBS) screening data and analyzed screening rate, antimicrobial resistance rate, and neonatal observation room (NOR) admission rate due to inadequate chemoprophylaxis.MethodsThe GBS screening data for January 2006–December 2013 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. We also collected data for neonates admitted to NOR due to inadequate chemoprophylaxis during the period 1 April 2010–31 December 2013.ResultsA total of 12 200 pregnant women received rectovaginal culture during the 8‐year study period. The overall screening rate was 53.8% and maternal colonization rate was 20.7%. The GBS screening rate increased remarkably, from 23.2% in 2006 to 70% in 2013. Antimicrobial resistance was common. The resistance rates for each antimicrobial used in pregnancy were as follows: clindamycin, 49.51%; erythromycin, 49.51%. A total of 297 neonates were admitted to NOR due to inadequate antibiotic prophylaxis during 1 April 2010–31 December 2013. The overall NOR admission rate due to inadequate chemoprophylaxis was 2.67%, and the inadequate chemoprophylaxis rate for those GBS colonized mothers was 19.6%. None of these 297 infants had positive blood culture for GBS sepsis.ConclusionThe GBS screening rate increased remarkably, reaching 70% in 2013. The NOR admission rate due to inadequate chemoprophylaxis was 2.67% and there was no early onset GBS disease in a total of 11 123 deliveries in this 4‐year cohort study.
Pregnancy outcomes in liver transplant recipients: A 15‐year single‐center experience
Authors: Kanzaki Yu , Kondoh Eiji , Kawasaki Kaoru , Mogami Haruta , Chigusa Yoshitsugu , Konishi Ikuo 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimThere are an increasing number of reports of pregnancy following liver transplantation, but many questions remain regarding preconception counseling and management of the pregnancy. The aim of this study was to report pregnancy outcomes in women who had undergone liver transplants and to gain insight into these issues.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of liver transplant recipients who had received prenatal care at Kyoto University Hospital between January 2001 and December 2015.ResultsTwenty‐six consecutive pregnancies in 17 liver transplant recipients were identified during the period. The most common indication for liver transplantation was biliary atresia (65%). The median age at transplantation was 19 years (range, 2–38). The median age at conception was 28 years (range, 20–41) with a median time between transplantation and conception of 8 years (range, 0–22). A tacrolimus‐based immunosuppressive regimen (n = 21, 81%) was the most common at the time of conception. There were 13 live births (50%), four spontaneous miscarriages (15%), and nine induced abortions (35%). Median gestational age at delivery was 38 weeks (range, 32–42), and the median birthweight was 2858 g (range, 1815–3864 g). Pregnancy and maternal complications included preterm deliveries (23%), intrauterine growth restriction (23%), pre‐eclampsia (8%), cesarean delivery (23%), bacterial infection (15%), and biopsy‐proven acute cellular rejection (15%). Two infants had congenital anomalies (tetralogy of Fallot and hydronephrosis).ConclusionPregnancy after liver transplantation can achieve relatively favorable outcomes. Obstetricians should be involved in the contraceptive and fertility counseling of female transplant recipients to prevent unintended pregnancies.
Can myometrial elasticity, as determined by elastography at 18–22 weeks of gestation, predict preterm delivery?
Authors: Yilmaz Dogru Hatice , Albayrak Eda , Delibas Ilhan Bahri , Isguder Cigdem Kunt , Ozsoy Asker Zeki , Cakmak Bulent , Ozmen Zafer , Aktas Fatma 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to determine whether elastographic evaluation of uterine myometrium can predict preterm delivery.MethodsThis study was carried out at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gaziosmanpasa University Hospital, Tokat, Turkey. A total of 148 pregnant women matching the inclusion criteria between January 2014 and January 2015 were enrolled. Elastographic measurements were obtained between 18 and 22 weeks of gestation, on real‐time images by a radiologist. Patients were followed up until delivery. A receiver–operator curve was used to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of the elastographic outcomes. All analyses were completed by spss 20.0.ResultsA negative correlation existed between the ratio of myometrium strain to fat tissue strain and delivery week (r = −0.300, P = 0.000214). In addition, a positive correlation was found between the ratio of myometrium strain to fat tissue strain and presence of preterm delivery (r = 0.223, P = 0.006). The multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the ratio of myometrium strain to fat tissue strain (β = 0.233, P = 0.006) was the significant predictor for preterm delivery.ConclusionThe ratio of myometrium strain to fat tissue strain showed a trend towards significance to predict preterm delivery.
Accuracy of a new diagnostic tool in deep infiltrating endometriosis: Positron emission tomography–computed tomography with 16α‐[18F]fluoro‐17β‐estradiol
Authors: Cosma Stefano , Salgarello Matteo , Ceccaroni Marcello , Gorgoni Giancarlo , Riboni Francesca , La Paglia Ernesto , Danese Saverio , Benedetto Chiara 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimPreoperative workup of deep infiltrating endometriosis is limited in the evaluation of extragenital and extrapelvic disease and in distinguishing between the previous surgical scar and active lesion. Histological verification remains the gold standard for diagnosis. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET/CT) with an experimental estrogen receptor tracer (16α‐[18F]fluoro‐17β‐estradiol; [18F]FES) for accurate staging and non‐invasive diagnosis of the disease. The primary endpoint was the feasibility of this tool on comparison with histology. The secondary endpoint was the accuracy of PET/CT in comparison with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsFour eligible subjects with extragenital endometriosis underwent MRI, PET/CT with [18F]FES, and laparoscopic excision of endometriosis in the same month. Region‐by‐region analysis was used to compare the findings of the two diagnostic tools with surgical histological specimens obtained during laparoscopy.ResultsA total of 40 anatomical regions were examined: seven were [18F]FES positive, four were positive on MRI and eight positive on histology. A total of nine regions were discordant. PET/CT agreed with histology in 9/9 of the discrepant findings.ConclusionPET/CT with [18F]FES was feasible and had greater accuracy than MRI, particularly in patients with previous surgery. Further studies are needed, however, to investigate its role in bowel endometriosis in sites other than recto‐sigmoid junction, nerve localization, and subcentimetric disease.
The assessment of the robustness of microRNAs from oral cytological scrapings
Authors: Prasad Gareema , Seers Christine , Reynolds Eric , McCullough Michael J. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundSampling of suspect oral lesions in the general dental clinic may increase early carcinoma detection thus oral cancer survival rates. One means of lesion sampling that is an alternative to incisional biopsy is cytological scraping. MicroRNA alterations are also being explored as a means of diagnosing carcinoma as an alternative to histopathology.MethodsWe obtained cytological scrapings using 10 strokes (‘light’) or 40 strokes (‘heavy’) from the buccal mucosa of one healthy subject using a dermatological curette. MicroRNA was isolated from oral cytological scrapings immediately, or the scrapings were stored in buffer or RNA later, at 4°C, room temperature or 36°C, from 1 to 7 days prior to RNA isolation. All scrape comparisons and test conditions were conducted in triplicate. MicroRNAs were measured using qRT–PCR.ResultsMicroRNAs can be obtained from cytological scrapings independent of the number of strokes and can be measured using qRT–PCR after storage under all conditions tested.ConclusionMicroRNAs are robust to a wide range of storage conditions that bodes well for use of cytological scrapings to be of use in a clinical setting as a chair side sampling method for suspect oral lesions.
Liver mitochondrial oxygen consumption and proton leak kinetics in broilers supplemented with dietary copper or zinc following coccidiosis challenge
Authors: Acetoze G. , Kurzbard R. , Klasing K. C. , Ramsey J. J. , Rossow H. A. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryMitochondrial respiration was assessed in sixteen 7‐day‐old broilers as a subset of a larger study assessing the effects of Cu and Zn supplementation above requirements with a coccidiosis challenge on gain/feed ratio. The birds were selected from four treatments (four birds/treatment): a control diet (Cu 15 mg/kg and Zn 60 mg/kg) + coccidiosis challenge (CC), a Cu diet with 245 mg/kg Cu from tribasic copper chloride (TBCC) + CC, a negative control diet (Cu 15 mg/kg and Zn 60 mg/kg) ‐ CC and a Zn diet with 2000 mg/kg Zn from ZnO. The diets were composed of 49% corn, 40% soybean meal, 6.2% vegetable oil (diet dry matter = 90.62%, crude protein = 21.37%, fat = 7.7%, metabolizable energy = 12.1 MJ/day) and were fed for 14 days. Birds were dissected, and approximately one gram of liver tissue was used for mitochondrial oxygen consumption and proton leak kinetics assays. Respiratory control ratio and mitochondrial proton leak assessed by calculating rates of oxygen consumption at 175mV membrane potential were greater for the negative control group, but there were no differences in average gain/feed among treatments. In summary, broilers that did not undergo coccidiosis challenge had lower proton leak and higher respiratory control ratio. However, the impact of supplementation of Cu and Zn above requirements did not appear to prevent changes in respiratory control ratio and proton leak kinetics with coccidiosis challenge.
Hepatitis C‐specific effector and regulatory CD4 T‐cell responses are associated with the outcomes of primary infection
Authors: Keoshkerian E. , Hunter M. , Cameron B. , Nguyen N. , Sugden P. , Bull R. , Zekry A. , Maher L. , Seddiki N. , Zaunders J. , Kelleher A. , Lloyd A. R. ,   the HITS‐p and HITS‐c investigators
Published: August 2016

SummaryClearance of primary hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been associated with strong and broadly targeted cellular immune responses. This study aimed to characterize HCV‐specific CD4+ effector and regulatory T‐cell numbers and cytokine production during primary infection. Antigen‐specific CD4+ T‐cell responses were investigated in a longitudinal cohort of subjects from pre‐infection to postoutcome, including subjects who cleared [n=12] or became chronically infected [n=17]. A cross‐sectional cohort with previously cleared, or chronic infection [n=15 for each], was also studied. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were incubated with HCV antigens and surface stained for T‐effector (CD4+CD25highCD134+CD39‐) and T‐regulatory (CD4+CD25highCD134+CD39+) markers, and culture supernatants assayed for cytokine production. Contrary to expectations, the breadth and magnitude of the HCV‐specific CD4+ T‐cell responses were higher in subjects who became chronically infected. Subjects who cleared the virus had HCV‐specific CD4+ T‐cell responses dominated by effector T cells and produced higher levels of IFN‐γ, in contrast to HCV‐specific CD4+ T‐cell responses dominated by regulatory T cells and more IL‐10 production in those who became chronically infected. Better understanding of the role of antigen‐specific CD4+ T‐cell responses in primary HCV will further define pathogenesis and help guide development of a preventative vaccine.
Sources of resistance and susceptibility to Septoria tritici blotch of wheat
Authors: Arraiano Lia S. , Brown James K. M. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryAn association genetics analysis was conducted to investigate the genetics of resistance to Septoria tritici blotch, caused by the fungus Zymoseptoria tritici (alternatively Mycosphaerella graminicola), in cultivars and breeding lines of wheat (Triticum aestivum) used in the UK between 1860 and 2000. The population was tested with Diversity Array Technology (DArT) and simple‐sequence repeat (SSR or microsatellite) markers. The lines formed a single population with no evidence for subdivision, because there were several common ancestors of large parts of the pedigree. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling Septoria resistance were postulated on 11 chromosomes, but 38% of variation was not explained by the identified QTLs. Calculation of best linear unbiased predictions (BLUPs) identified lineages of spring and winter wheat carrying different alleles for resistance and susceptibility. Abundant variation in Septoria resistance may be exploited by crossing well‐adapted cultivars in different lineages to achieve transgressive segregation and thus breed for potentially durable quantitative resistance, whereas phenotypic selection for polygenic quantitative resistance should be effective in breeding cultivars with increased resistance. The most potent allele reducing susceptibility to Septoria, on chromosome arm 6AL, was associated with reduced leaf size. Genes which increase susceptibility to Septoria may have been introduced inadvertently into UK wheat breeding programmes from cultivars used to increase yield, rust resistance and eyespot resistance between the 1950s and 1980s. This indicates the need to consider trade‐offs in plant breeding when numerous traits are important and to be cautious about the use of non‐adapted germplasm.
Exploitation of endophytes for sustainable agricultural intensification
Authors: Le Cocq Kate , Gurr Sarah J. , Hirsch Penny R. , Mauchline Tim H. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryIntensive agriculture, which depends on unsustainable levels of agrochemical inputs, is environmentally harmful, and the expansion of these practices to meet future needs is not economically feasible. Other options should be considered to meet the global food security challenge. The plant microbiome has been linked to improved plant productivity and, in this microreview, we consider the endosphere – a subdivision of the plant microbiome. We suggest a new definition of microbial endophyte status, the need for synergy between fungal and bacterial endophyte research efforts, as well as potential strategies for endophyte application to agricultural systems.