bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“A New Poblador Is Being Born”: Housing Struggles in a Gentrified Area of Santiago
Authors: Pérez Miguel 
Published: September 2016

Since the early 1990s, Chilean democratic governments after Augusto Pinochet’s dictatorship have made an effort to allocate publicly subsidized housing to the lower classes. Nevertheless, the dominance of market principles in urban policies has contributed to the formation of highly segregated neighborhoods and the gentrification of peripheral neighborhoods. As a result, Chilean public opinion is witnessing the rearticulation of what in the mid-twentieth century was known as the pobladores movement—social mobilizations demanding housing solutions for the poor. In the old working-class municipality of Peñalolén, severe gentrification since the late 1980s has triggered the appearance of autonomous grassroots organizations such as the Movimiento de Pobladores en Lucha (MPL). The movement has been able to fight social and spatial injustice in Santiago through a subversive appropriation of state policies. Its experience reveals the potentialities of such mobilizations for democratizing cities under a neoliberal regime. Desde principios de los noventa, los gobiernos democráticos chilenos que siguieron a la dictadura de Augusto Pinochet han intentado proveer vivienda social subsidiada a las clases populares. Sin embargo, el predominio de principios de libre mercado en las políticas urbanas ha contribuido a la formación de barrios altamente segregados y a la gentrificación (o “aburguesamiento”) de los vecindarios periféricos. Por consiguiente, la opinión pública chilena está presenciando la rearticulación de lo que a mediados del siglo 20 se conoció como el movimiento de pobladores —movilizaciones sociales que demandaban soluciones habitacionales para los pobres. En el otrora municipio popular de Peñalolén, la importante gentrificación que se ha venido desarrollando desde finales de los 80 ha redundado en la aparición de organizaciones de base autónomas como el Movimiento de Pobladores en Lucha (MPL). Este movimiento ha sido capaz de combatir la injusticia social y espacial en Santiago mediante una apropiación subversiva de políticas estatales, experiencia que revela el potencial de dichas movilizaciones para la democratización de las ciudades bajo un régimen neoliberal.
Epidermal growth factor prevents oligomeric amyloid-β induced angiogenesis deficits in vitro
Authors: Koster Kevin P , Thomas Riya , Morris Alan WJ , Tai Leon M 
Published: September 2016

Cerebrovascular dysfunction is a critical component of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. Oligomeric amyloid-β42 (oAβ42) is considered a major contributor to AD progression. However, data are limited on the role of oAβ42 in brain endothelial cell vessel degeneration/angiogenesis, including the interaction with angiogenic mediators. Thus, the current study determined the effect of oAβ42 on angiogenesis in vitro, utilizing single brain endothelial cell cultures and triple cultures mimicking the microvascular unit (MVU: brain endothelial cells, astrocytes, and pericytes). oAβ42 dose-dependently reduced angiogenesis and induced vessel disruption. Critically, epidermal growth factor prevented oAβ42-induced deficits, implicating angiogenic pathways as potential therapeutics for AD.
The J-Shaped Bone Graft for Anatomic Glenoid Reconstruction
Authors: Deml Christian , Kaiser Peter , van Leeuwen Wouter F. , Zitterl Magdalena , Euler Simon A. 
Published: September 2016

Background: The J-shaped bone graft procedure is one of the recommended methods to reconstruct significant glenoid rim defects. Purpose: To evaluate long-term (minimum 10-year) clinical outcomes and show further details of the remodeling effects on the articular cavity of the glenoid after J-shaped bone grafting. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A total of 14 patients treated with a J-shaped bone graft procedure were observed clinically. Additionally, bilateral preoperative and postoperative follow-up computed tomography (CT) scans were used for CT-osteoabsorptiometry (OAM) to evaluate the bony remodeling processes. Results: The follow-up rate was 93% at a mean follow-up time of 10.7 years (range, 10.08-11.75 years). Patients exhibited a mean Constant score of 92.5 (range, 80-100) on the clinical evaluation. All patients had free range of motion and were pain free without any recurrence of instability. Based on CT-OAM, comparable and almost anatomically reconstructed, bilaterally equal glenoid cavities were found postoperatively. The distribution patterns of glenoid subchondral mineralization were bilaterally equal in 85.7% of the patients. Conclusion: The surgical treatment of recurrent shoulder instability with a significant bony Bankart lesion using the J-shaped bone graft procedure provided excellent long-term results. This study lends evidence to support the capability of the J-shaped bone graft procedure to restore the normal glenoid shape due to physiological remodeling processes.
Rising Indigenous suicide rates in Kimberley and implications for suicide prevention
Authors: Campbell Anita , Chapman Murray , McHugh Cate , Sng Adelln , Balaratnasingam Sivasankaran 
Published: September 2016

Objectives: This audit examined the demographics of Indigenous Australians dying by suicide in the Kimberley region of Western Australia during the period 2005–2014. Methods: This is a de-identified retrospective audit of reported suicide deaths provided to Kimberley Mental Health and Drug Service during the period 2005–2014. Variables such as age, sex, method of suicide, previous engagement with mental health services, locality and ethnicity were assessed. Results: Indigenous suicide rates in the Kimberley region have dramatically increased in the last decade. There is also an overall trend upwards in Indigenous youth suicide and Indigenous female suicides. Conclusions: These findings highlight the need for culturally informed, and youth focussed, suicide prevention interventions within the Kimberley region.
Reconfigure
Authors: Worren Nicolay , Eger Tido , Hærem Thorvald 
Published: September 2016

Background. Organization design is a subject that is covered in business school courses such as strategy implementation, organizational theory, and organizational behaviour. However, students sometimes perceive organization design concepts as abstract. Aim. To develop and pilot a simulation that may improve participants’ understanding of two key organization design concepts - work process interdependency and coordination cost. In addition, to develop an approach that may contribute to better operationalization of these concepts in future research. Method. Participants are divided into groups representing departments and are then asked to reconfigure the groups while considering both benefits (reduced coordination costs) and costs (of reconfiguration). The exercise is supported by a MicrosoftExcelTM tool, quantifying the concepts of interdependency and coordination cost. Results. The pilot application of the simulation achieved its pedagogical aims. The participants performed somewhat better than anticipated (some possible causes are discussed). Conclusions. Experiential simulations can be used to convey complex organization design principles to students and managers. They may also be used to study the capacity of individuals and groups to take into account multiple interdependencies in optimizing a design at the individual, group and system level. Recommendation. Simulations should be used to enhance the pedagogical value of organization design lectures (or seminars for employees in organizations).
The role of mobile devices in doctor-patient communication: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kashgary Abdullah , Alsolaimani Roaa , Mosli Mahmoud , Faraj Samer 
Published: September 2016

Introduction In the last few years, the use of telecommunication and mobile technology has grown significantly. This has led to a notable increase in the utilization of this telecommunication in healthcare, namely phone calls and text messaging (SMS). However, evaluating its global impact on improving healthcare processes and outcomes demands a more comprehensive assessment. In this study, we focused on the role of mobile devices via phone calls and SMS in patient–doctor communication, and aimed to assess its impact on various health outcomes. Methods Major databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Global Health, and Cochrane CENTRAL, were searched for clinical trials that investigated mobile-device technology in any facet of doctor–patient communication published between 1990 and April 2015. A meta-analysis was performed where appropriate. Results Sixty-two articles met our inclusion criteria. Of those, 23 articles investigated mobile appointment reminder technologies, 19 investigated medication adherence, 20 investigated disease-control interventions, and two investigated test-result reporting. Patients who received an appointment reminder were 10% less likely to miss an appointment (relative risk [RR] = 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–1.15). Mobile interventions increased medication adherence by 22% (RR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.09–1.36). Ten of 20 studies examining disease control reported statistically significant reductions in clinically meaningful endpoints. The use of mobile-device interventions improved forced expiratory volume in one second and hemoglobin A1c percentage in meta-analyses. Conclusion The use of mobile-device technologies exerted modest improvements in communication and health outcomes. Further research is needed to determine the true effect of these technologies on doctor–patient communication.
Gathering Meaningful Data From Novices and or in Simplified Operating Environments to Inform Us About Highly Complex Operational Environments
Authors: Hughes Niav , D’Agostino Amy 
Published: September 2016

Much of the basis for current U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Human Factors Engineering (HFE) guidance comes from data from other domains (e.g. aviation, defense), qualitative data from operational experience in NPPs, and a limited amount from empirical studies in a nuclear environment. A simulator is one tool that can be used to gather more empirical nuclear specific human performance data. Although this may seem like a simple undertaking, getting trained operators for human-performance testing can be very challenging. In addition, when operators can be secured for human performance testing the operator sample is quite small, allowing for only qualitative analysis or limited quantitative analysis. Thus, the NRC initiated research to determine: 1) if novices can successfully perform realistic operator tasks, 2) if a simulator can create a cognitively similar environment to that which NPP operators face, and if 1 and 2 are successful, 3) how the resulting performance data can be used and interpreted. For our research, we determined that the environment needed to be simplified in such a way that would induce participants to experience both the complexity and cognitive requirements incurred by trained operators. In other words, the methodological approach adhered to the principal of different but equal; the roles, procedures and interface are different, but they are different in such a way that is controlled and meant to induce the same type of cognition and level of workload that would be experienced by an operator population. The simplification of the NPP environment has been very challenging and there have been many lessons learned. The panelists are challenged to make recommendations for investigators for best practices for gathering meaningful data from novices and or in simplified operating environments to inform us about highly complex operational environments. Some discussion questions relevant to this topic include: What type of research questions should we ask of the novice population? How can we use the data in a meaningful way? What type of research questions should be avoided with this population? How can we use novices to inform us about the “human” (not the trained operator) piece of performance? How can we simplify operational environments and still gain valuable data and insights? How can we use a trained operator population in these simplified environments?
An Oceanic Trajectory Based Operations Concept Shaped by Operational Influences
Authors: Fernandes Alicia , Rebollo Juan 
Published: September 2016

Oceanic operations suffer from multiple inefficiencies, including large separation requirements relative to domestic airspace, time-consuming processes for amending en route trajectories, difficulties exchanging data between Flight Information Regions (FIRs), and restrictions on User Preferred Routes (UPRs). The result is that aircraft fly suboptimal trajectories, burning fuel and time that could be conserved. Transitioning to Trajectory Based Operations (TBO) is expected to improve operational efficiency. However, few TBO research initiatives involve operational personnel before it is too late for operational feedback to do more than de-scope the implementation to a single dimension. A human-centered approach to developing a concept for applying TBO to improve trajectory efficiency in oceanic airspace yielded a concept that explicitly incorporates uncertainty in strategic planning and requires careful consideration of the fourth dimension – in this case, altitude – in trajectory negotiation and conformance monitoring.
GoodGovUX
Authors: Deaven Keith , Kabel Margo , Sun Norm , Pass Jeff , Stoner Jason , Gartland Emily 
Published: September 2016

The mission of GoodGovUX is: “to drive the adoption of a common set of UX best practices within the government agency and government contracting communities.” The initiative is an effort between private and public sector UI/UX professionals to drive conversation, and more importantly, action, between the private and public sectors to improve the user experience of government-owned web and digital properties. The group consists of working teams focused on three key areas of improvement: terminology and definitions, the Request for Proposal (RFP) process, and standards and best practices. The Terminology and Definitions Team is primarily focused on consolidating and defining the myriad of words and phrases that are unique to the UX profession. The goal of this effort, in addition to simply getting everyone speaking the same language, is to allow for non-UX professionals to author portions of RFP’s to better request UX services. In concert, the RFP Team is working to ensure UX is a critical consideration of any RFP that contains digital properties that users will need to interact with. They are integrated into the TechFAR process, and are creating tools to help RFP authors better recognize the need for, and incorporate, UX requirements. The focus of the Standards and Best Practices Team is to provide resources to guide the improvement of UX deliverables, and to facilitate a conversation around industry best practices. Currently under development is a decision support tool to assist users in determining UX best practices for a given topic and providing links to examples. Future deliverables from this team could be aggregating and showcasing examples of excellent UX work, partnerships with other government agencies to drive standards (i.e., USDS and their digital style guide) and other initiatives geared toward the specifics of UX quality and methodology. The discussion by this panel will center on the GoodGovUX effort, and progress made to date, in the context of the changing UX landscape within the government and private sector. The panel will engage the audience for feedback and suggestions for improvement, give the audience a chance to participate in the overall effort, and facilitate a general Q&A session on the state of UX within the federal government. The panel will consist of UX professionals from both the public and private sectors, representing each of the working teams. Each of the panelists has a unique perspective on the evolution of UX and its intersection with digital government.
Digital Human Models for Automated Ultrasound User Interface Design
Authors: Andreoni Giuseppe , Mazzola Marco , Atzori Tiziana , Vannetti Federica , Modi Lucia , D’Onofrio Sara , Forzoni Leonardo 
Published: September 2016

The purpose of this theoretical paper is to describe the development of a new technology for the automated analysis and design definition of Ultrasound (US) system User Interfaces (UI) and US transducers. US examination is a real-time multi-factor approach, which involves the whole sonographer’s body; its automated evaluation, analysis and design must take into account many different factors and aspects which need to be evaluated and implemented. The proposed technology, based on Digital Human Modeling (DHM) systems, would get input from multi-factor technologies such as Motion Analysis, Eye Tracking, Superficial Electromyography, Stereo Imaging and also physical information such as temperature, ECG, respiration activity, etc., applied to different US users for different clinical applications and protocols. The utilization of DHM to manage and analyze these diverse requirements would drive the automated optimization of system design, in terms of ergonomics and workflow.
An Electronic Task Management (ETM) system for after hours hospital work and subsequent socially mediated effects of task completion
Authors: Marshall Stuart , Warren Benjamin , Roodenburg Owen , Smolenaers Frank , Leon Graciela , McKimm Amy , Keogh Martin , Stuart Josh , Logan Maria , Stripp Andrew 
Published: September 2016

Modern Hospitals are under ever increasing efficiency pressures; patient safety and flow are paramount. In the after-hours period, many tasks such as transfers between clinical areas and procedures are delayed because the resources may be limited or poorly distributed compared to in hours. An Electronic Task Management (ETM) system was iteratively designed to support the redesign of the after hours staffing and task distribution model that addressed these delays and improved staff efficiency. The solution consisted of a task controller program installed on desktop PCs in the clinical areas and similar software on smart phones for the clinical staff (operatives) undertaking the clinical tasks. In a system without clinical leadership and workload transparency, the forced reallocation of tasks to operatives was strongly resisted by the operatives. The development of an interface that allowed workloads of all operatives to be visualized by all other operatives led to a socially mediated, cooperative solution that was readily accepted. The quality of the information sent by the ETM was superior to the previous paging system and workloads were more equitable among operatives with the introduction of the ETM.
Disconnects in design and infection prevention and control – how the design of products and the environment in neonatal intensive care may be undermining infection prevention practice
Authors: Trudel Chantal , Cobb Sue , Momtahan Kathryn , Brintnell Janet , Mitchell Ann 
Published: September 2016

This study examined the role design plays in infection prevention and control within an existing neonatal intensive care unit. Methods from human-centred design such as planning, stakeholder meetings and naturalistic observation were used to obtain infection prevention information related to the existing unit design, interactions with products and the environment, and perspectives of front-line staff on design. Thematic analysis was used to categorize and structure the issues that were identified. The analysis revealed that the design of products and the environment may be undermining best practice in infection prevention. Health care workers experience a variety of difficulties in maintaining the recommended barriers to infection transmission, difficulties which stem from deficiencies in products and the environment. Various aspects of the neonatal care design lack the feedback or supports needed to help health care workers differentiate or work between infection transmission zones making the design challenging to use or maintain in a manner that supports best practice in infection prevention. Identifying issues in the design of products and the environment related to infection prevention practice led to the development of a ‘Design Exploration Guide’. The guide outlines issues and strategies for remediation based on feasibility within the project constraints.
A Conversation with National Academy of Engineering President Dan Mote
Authors: Mote C. D. , Imada A. S. 
Published: September 2016

Learn directly from the president of the National Academy of Engineering about the NAE’s Grand Challenges for the 21st Century, which identifies 14 major issues confronting our future. The NAE Grand Challenges have been embraced widely across research, educational, and professional communities as a way to structure our thinking, direct our resources, and devote our energies going forward. In this conversational session, Imada will pose questions to President Mote about the thinking that went into the Grand Challenges, progress being made, and, most important, how human factors/ergonomics can contribute to addressing these issues. As HFES President William Marras has suggested, the Grand Challenges could be an important platform from which we can realize our Society's vision to be more relevant and make a significant contribution to the world. We encourage you to come and learn about these issues and consider this paradigm for guiding future efforts in our field.
ASPREE-NEURO study protocol: A randomized controlled trial to determine the effect of low-dose aspirin on cerebral microbleeds, white matter hyperintensities, cognition, and stroke in the healthy elderly
Authors: Ward Stephanie A , Raniga Parnesh , Ferris Nicholas J , Woods Robyn L , Storey Elsdon , Bailey Michael J , Brodtmann Amy , Yates Paul A , Donnan Geoffrey A , Trevaks Ruth E , Wolfe Rory , Egan Gary F , McNeil John J 
Published: September 2016

Rationale Cerebral microbleeds seen on brain magnetic resonance imaging are markers of small vessel disease, linked to cognitive dysfunction and increased ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke risk. Observational studies suggest that aspirin use may induce cerebral microbleeds, and associated overt intracranial hemorrhage, but this has not been definitively resolved. Aims ASPREE-NEURO will determine the effect of aspirin on cerebral microbleed development over three years in healthy adults aged 70 years and over, participating in the larger ‘ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE)’ primary prevention study of aspirin. Sample size Five hundred and fifty-nine participants provide 75% power (two-sided p value of 0.05) to determine an average difference of 0.5 cerebral microbleed per person after three years. Methods and design A multi-center, randomized placebo-controlled trial of 100 mg daily aspirin in participants who have brain magnetic resonance imaging at study entry, one and three years after randomization and who undergo cognitive testing at the same time points. Study outcomes The primary outcome is the number of new cerebral microbleeds on magnetic resonance imaging after three years. Secondary outcomes are the number of new cerebral microbleeds after one year, change in volume of white matter hyperintensity, cognitive function, and stroke. Discussion ASPREE-NEURO will resolve whether aspirin affects the presence and number of cerebral microbleeds, their relationship with cognitive performance, and indicate whether consideration of cerebral microbleeds alters the risk-benefit profile of aspirin in primary prevention for older people. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12613001313729.