bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The expectations gap for engineering field in Malaysia in the 21st century
Authors: Tan Alena Y.T. , Chew Esyin , Kalavally Vineetha 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the expectations of relevant stakeholders in the engineering field to better understand the demands of the twenty-first century. As the number of unemployed continues to grow in Malaysia, it is evident that as industries continue to develop, demands and new requirements for skilled workers change over time.

Design/methodology/approach
Through face-to-face interviews, the study explored the expectations of accreditation bodies, industry operators and academics in the engineering field.

Findings
Three major findings were documented: mismatch of expectations in engineering field across the stakeholders; the expected “must-have-skills” from the perspectives of the stakeholders; and the need to reassess how information transmission is cascaded to all stakeholders and remains relevant to market demand.

Research limitations/implications
It is recognized that the findings from this study may only be relevant to the engineering field and not to the other different disciplines, but the qualitative findings provide some key issues in understanding the gap between relevant stakeholders that may motivate future studies to further extend into the other disciplines.

Practical implications
With this mismatch drawn out clearly, all relevant stakeholders would be able to revisit and revaluate their existing strategy in addressing, cascading crucial information and equipping graduates with analytical skills to gain immediate employment in the market.

Originality/value
A clearer understanding on the expectations and the “must-have-skills” required in the engineering field in the twenty-first century.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis found at both skin lesions and Mantoux testing site in a patient with erythema induratum of Bazin
Authors: Xu Hui , Li Yu‐Mei , Ma Hong , Gu Wen‐Tao , Chen Zhi‐Qiang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis is very rarely found in erythema induratum of Bazin; recently, we found an unusual case with positive acid‐fast bacilli and polymerase chain reaction for detecting M. tuberculosis in both skin lesions of the extremities and the site of Mantoux test.
Effectiveness of curcuminoids in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Onakpoya Igho J. , Spencer Elizabeth A. , Perera Rafael , Heneghan Carl J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimTo critically appraise and evaluate the evidence for effectiveness of curcuminoids in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) in adults.MethodsWe conducted electronic searches in Medline, Embase,AMED, Cinahl and the Cochrane library. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the effectiveness of orally‐administered curcuminoids inOAin adults, and assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane risk of bias criteria. We used a random‐effect model for meta‐analysis.ResultsWe included seven studies with a total of 797 participants with primarily kneeOA. All studies were conducted in Asia. The overall risk of bias was moderate. Compared with placebo, curcuminoids significantly reduced knee pain (visual analogue scale): (standardized mean difference: −3.45; 95%CI: −5.52 to −1.38;I2 = 95%P = 0.001), and improved quality of life (Lequesne pain‐function index): (mean difference: −2.69; 95%CI: −3.48 to −1.90;I2 = 0%P < 0.00001). There were significantly fewer effects on pain relief, knee stiffness and physical function with curcuminoids compared with ibuprofen. Significant improvements in Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index total scores, with significant reductions in the use of rescue medication were also observed with curcuminoids. No serious adverse events were reported.ConclusionsCurcuminoids may have some beneficial effects on knee pain and quality of life in patients with kneeOA. However, they are less effective at relieving pain compared with ibuprofen. Curcuminoids appear safe on the short‐term, and may reduce the need for rescue medication. PublishedRCTs vary in reporting quality, are characterized by small sample sizes, and have all been conducted in Asia. Further clinical trials are therefore warranted.
Large scale Agriotes spp. click beetle (Coleoptera: Elateridae) invasion of crop land from field margin reservoirs
Authors: Blackshaw Rod P. , Vernon Robert S. , Thiebaud Florent 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Mark–release–recapture was used to investigate the dispersal of click beetles in spring wheat or fallow fields using edge or centre field releases. Three types of pitfalls were used: gutter traps near field margins, as well as conventional pitfall traps or cross‐traps consisting of four gutter trap arms leading to a central pitfall. Capture of naturally occuring beetles was concurrently recorded.
In total, 6952 marked Agriotes obscurus (males and females) and Agriotes lineatus (males) were released and 14.74% were recaptured at some time during the present study. Recovery rates ranged from 3.54% to 28.5%.
Agriotes obscurus dominated wild populations, with 4011 males and 1672 females trapped compared with 17 males and three females for A. lineatus. Males dominated early in the period, although the sex ratio tended towards equality as the season progressed.
Generally, captures of A. obscurus males released in equal numbers at field edges followed a uniform distribution. There were differences for wild beetles caught in the same traps.
Spatial trapping patterns of wild and marked beetles across the fields were similar. Within 19 h of release at the field edges A. obscurus males were captured >30 m away.
The crop type had a significant interspecific effect on trap counts for males and an intraspecific effect on A. obscurus females, reinforcing the need for caution when using trapping systems to monitor adult stages of these pests.
The results of the present study demonstrate that uncropped field margins comprise sources of click beetles. We also conclude that click beetles disperse much further than reported previously.
The ties that bind: what's in a title?
Authors: Neuhaus Susan J. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundMany Australian and New Zealand surgeons use the title ‘Mister’ rather than ‘Doctor’, a practice dating back to traditions established over 600 years ago. The Royal Australasian College of Surgeons is currently undergoing a period of critical self‐reflection, embodied by its ‘Respect’ campaign. Active measures to embrace diversity and encourage women into surgery are underway.MethodsThis paper reviews the historical basis to the use of gendered titles and their current use amongst fellows. De‐identified demographic data from the college register of active fellows was searched by self‐identified title, country or state, and gender. Data were further reviewed by surgical sub‐specialty and year of fellowship.ResultsThe college dataset suggests that there is significant variance in the preference for gendered titles, determined predominantly by geography rather than specialty. The highest use of gendered titles (by male and female surgeons) was in Victoria/Tasmania (58% male, 22% female) and New Zealand (81% male, 17% female). By contrast, only 2% of female surgeons in other states elected a gendered title (Miss/Mrs/Ms).ConclusionSurgery is the only profession that continues to use gendered titles. As the College of Surgeons moves towards greater equity and diversity, consideration should be given to phasing out the use of gendered titles, which serve to divide rather than unite our profession.
European Academy of Paediatric consensus statement on successful transition from paediatric to adult care for adolescents with chronic conditions
Authors: Mazur Artur , Dembinski Lukasz , Schrier Lenneke , Hadjipanayis Adamos , Michaud Pierre‐André 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAround one in ten adolescents suffer from chronic conditions and disabilities, and the transition from paediatric to adult care can be particularly challenging. Unplanned transfers can complicate education, work and health and result in patients being lost to follow‐up, poor treatment adherence and more frequent hospitalisation. The Adolescent Health and Medicine Working Group of the European Academy of Paediatrics has developed a consensus statement for a successful transition. Conclusion: This statement will help paediatricians, adult care specialists, policymakers and other stakeholders to handle chronic care transitions so that they meet the expectations and needs of adolescents and their families.
DIVESTMENT OF COMMONWEALTH PUBLIC ENTERPRISES IN AUSTRALIA: THE CUPBOARD IS BARE1
Authors: AULICH Chris , JONES Stephen , HEAD Brian 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTPublic enterprises have played a major role in the national development of Australia since the early years of European settlement. More recently, especially since the 1980s, Australian governments at national and state levels, involving political parties of both the left and right, have undertaken a program of major reform of their public sectors. The relentless pace of reform has been driven by a variety of motives from pragmatic through to ideological, within a broad consensus that private delivery of services should be privileged over public. As a result, discourse about public enterprises in Australia has tended to focus on divestment and windfall revenues to assist governments to balance their budgets. The analysis in this paper will detail the major players at the national level, their governance arrangements and some consideration of how these enterprises have performed. We will also outline how the public mission of public enterprises has transformed in recent decades from a role as nation builder to one as enabler of services. In conclusion we will consider the long‐term outlook including the loss of public value with declining standards of service and the reduced opportunities for further divestments with pressure on governments to seek alternative savings and revenue arrangements.
The benefit of combination therapy depends on disease phenotype and duration in Crohn's disease
Authors: Ananthakrishnan A. N , Sakuraba A. , Barnes E. L. , Pekow J. , Raffals L. , Long M. D. , Sandler R. S. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryBackgroundThe impact of combination therapy on disease‐related morbidity in patients with established Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) remains to be well‐defined.AimTo examine the effect of combination therapy on disease outcomes in CD and UC.MethodsUsing a multicenter prospective cohort, we classified CD and UC patients as being on monotherapy with anti‐TNF or on combination with an immunomodulator. The primary outcome was a composite of new IBD‐related surgery, hospitalisations, penetrating complications, need for corticosteroids or new biological at 1 year. Multivariable regression models adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsWe included 707 patients with CD (45% combination therapy) and 164 with UC (38% combination therapy). Combination therapy was not associated with reduction in the composite outcome in either CD (OR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.63‐1.22) or UC (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 0.63‐3.38). However, while no difference was noted in those with nonstricturing, nonpenetrating CD, a significant reduction in the likelihood of the outcome was seen in those with stricturing or penetrating CD (30% vs 39%, OR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.37‐0.90). A stronger effect was also observed in those with disease duration <5 years (OR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.14‐0.87) compared to those with a longer duration (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.45‐1.27). A similar reduction in occurrence of composite outcome was noted with infliximab and with other anti‐TNF biologics.ConclusionThe benefit of combination immunomodulator‐biological therapy is stronger in those with complicated Crohn's disease, particularly early on in their disease course.
Pharmacogenomics and Efficacy of Risperidone Long‐Term Treatment in Thai Autistic Children and Adolescents
Authors: Nuntamool Nopphadol , Ngamsamut Nattawat , Vanwong Natchaya , Puangpetch Apichaya , Chamnanphon Monpat , Hongkaew Yaowaluck , Limsila Penkhae , Suthisisang Chuthamanee , Wilffert Bob , Sukasem Chonlaphat 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of pharmacogenomic factors and clinical outcome in autistic children and adolescents who were treated with risperidone for long periods. Eighty‐two autistic subjects diagnosed with DSM‐IV and who were treated with risperidone for more than 1 year were recruited. Pharmacogenomics and clinical outcome (CGI‐I, aggressive, overactivity and repetitive score) were evaluated. Almost all patients showed stable symptoms on aggressive behaviour (89.02%), overactivity (71.95%), repetitive (70.89%) behaviour and all clinical symptoms (81.71%). Only 4.48% of patients showed minimally worse CGI‐I score. Patients in the non‐stable symptom group had DRD2 Taq1A non‐wild‐type (TT and CT) frequencies higher than the clinically stable group (p = 0.04), whereas other gene polymorphisms showed no significant association. Haplotype ACCTCAT (rs6311, rs1045642, rs1128503, rs1800497, rs4436578, rs1799978, rs6280) showed a significant association with non‐stable clinical outcome (χ2 = 6.642, p = 0.010). Risperidone levels showed no association with any clinical outcome. On the other hand, risperidone dose, 9‐OH risperidone levels and prolactin levels were significantly higher in the non‐stable compared to the stable symptom group (p = 0.013, p = 0.044, p = 0.030). Increased appetite was the most common adverse drug reaction and associated with higher body‐weight, whereas it was not significantly associated with genetic variations and non‐genetic information. In conclusion, risperidone showed efficacy to control autism, especially aggressive symptoms in long‐term treatment. However, Taq1A T – carrier of dopamine 2 receptor gene – is associated with non‐stable response in risperidone‐treated patients. This study supports pharmacogenomics testing for personalized therapy with risperidone in autistic children and adolescents.
Evolution of Novel 3D Culture Systems for Studies of Human Liver Function and Assessments of the Hepatotoxicity of Drugs and Drug Candidates
Authors: Andersson Tommy B. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe pharmaceutical industry urgently needs reliable pre‐clinical models to evaluate the efficacy and safety of new chemical entities before they enter the clinical trials. Development of in vitro model systems that emulate the functions of the human liver organ has been an elusive task. Cell lines exhibit a low drug‐metabolizing capacity and primary liver cells rapidly dedifferentiate in culture, which restrict their usefulness substantially. Recently, the development of hepatocyte spheroid cultures has shown promising results. The proteome and transcriptome in the spheroids were similar to the liver tissue, and hepatotoxicity of selected substances was detected at in vivo‐relevant concentrations.
Partitioning Surfaces Into Quadrilateral Patches: A Survey
Authors: Campen M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe efficient and practical representation and processing of geometrically or topologically complex shapes often demands a partitioning into simpler patches. Possibilities range from unstructured arrangements of arbitrarily shaped patches on the one end, to highly structured conforming networks of all‐quadrilateral patches on the other end of the spectrum. Due to its regularity, this latter extreme of conforming partitions with quadrilateral patches, called quad layouts, is most beneficial in many application scenarios, for instance enabling the use of tensor‐product representations based on splines or Bézier patches, grid‐based multi‐resolution techniques and discrete pixel‐based map representations. However, this type of partition is also most complicated to create due to the strict inherent structural restrictions. Traditionally often performed manually in a tedious and demanding process, research in computer graphics and geometry processing has led to a number of computer‐assisted, semi‐automatic, as well as fully automatic approaches to address this problem more efficiently. This survey provides a detailed discussion of this range of methods, treats their strengths and weaknesses and outlines open problems in this field of research.
An investigation into the relationship between heart rate variability and the ventilatory threshold in healthy moderately trained males
Authors: Grannell Andrew , De Vito Giuseppe 
Published: May 2017

Summary
BackgroundDuring incremental exercise, heart rate variability (HRV) has been shown to display distinct stabilization and inflection points, which have been used to indirectly detect the ventilatory threshold (VT).MethodsTen moderately trained males (26·5 ± 5·9 years: VO2peak 48·7 ± 4·1 ml min−1 kg−1) performed an incremental test on a cycle ergometer until volitional exhaustion with both R‐R intervals and respiratory indices recorded. HRV was quantified using both nonlinear (Poincare plot; short‐term variability SD1) and spectral analysis of the R‐R intervals (high‐frequency component; HFp). The VT was identified using the V‐slope method. The relationship between HRV parameters and the VT was assessed using both a paired t‐test and Pearson's product correlation. In addition, Bland and Altman plots were used to quantify the mean difference along with a 95% confidence interval.ResultsWhen expressed as the corresponding heart rate values, both the SD1 and the HFp stabilization points revealed a strong (r = 0·86 and 0·087, respectively) correlation with the VT. However, only for SD1 this relationship was different to the VT (t‐test). The Bland–Altman plots supported these findings showing wide limits of agreement present for SD1 and the VT whilst the relationship between HFp and the VT revealed narrower limits.ConclusionThere does not appear to be a relationship present between the VT and the SD1 stabilization point in moderately trained healthy males, whereas the HFp stabilization point revealed a strong relationship with the VT when expressed as heart rate.
Intra‐institutional second opinion diagnosis can reduce unnecessary surgery for indeterminate thyroid FNA: A preliminary report on 34 cases
Authors: Bellevicine C. , Migliatico I. , Vigliar E. , Serra N. , Troncone G. 
Published: May 2017

IntroductionIndeterminate diagnoses are rendered on 15%‐30% of thyroid fine‐needle aspirates (FNA). Thus, a second diagnostic opinion given by an outside expert pathologist is a common practice that facilitates a more appropriate clinical management. Conversely, the role of an intra‐institutional second opinion diagnosis (iSOD), which is usually informally performed in‐house, has not been well established.MethodsTo assess the contribution of iSOD, a retrospective series of 34 thyroid FNA diagnosed as follicular neoplasm/suspicious follicular neoplasm (FN/SFN) with matched histological follow‐up and a malignancy rate of 17.6% was selected and independently reviewed by two cytopathologists (CYT1 and 2). Cases with discrepant diagnoses were referred to a third in‐house senior cytopathologist for the iSOD. The malignancy rates (MR) obtained after single independent reviews and iSOD were compared.ResultsMR obtained after CYT1 and CYT2 re‐screening was similar (14.28% and 19.04%, respectively) and did not improve the original MR (17.64%). Conversely, after the iSOD of discrepant diagnoses, the overall malignancy rate increased up to the 27.27%, potentially sparing unnecessary surgical procedures.ConclusionsIntra‐institutional second opinion practice for “indeterminate” thyroid FNA avoids unnecessary surgeries and maximises the detection of malignant cases diagnosed as FN/SFN.
Anxiety and depressive disorders in people with epilepsy: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Scott Amelia J. , Sharpe Louise , Hunt Caroline , Gandy Milena 
Published: May 2017

SummaryObjectiveComorbid anxiety and depressive disorders in people with epilepsy (PWE) are highly prevalent and associated with various adverse outcomes. However, the prevalence of anxiety disorders in PWE across studies is highly variable. Our aim was to estimate the prevalence and moderating factors of anxiety and depressive disorders in PWE.MethodsFollowing prospective registration (PROSPERO; CRD42015027101), electronic databases were searched for studies that reported the prevalence of both anxiety and depressive disorders in samples of PWE up until July 2016. Data extracted included the prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders, and moderators of interest (e.g., method of diagnosis, prevalence of drug‐resistant epilepsy). Meta‐analysis of the overall pooled prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders was conducted.ResultsThe search yielded 8,636 unique articles, with 27 studies meeting final inclusion criteria (3,221 PWE). The pooled prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders was 20.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 15.3–26.0%) and 22.9% (95% CI 18.2–28.4%), respectively. Method of diagnosis significantly moderated anxiety disorder prevalence (Q statistic with one degree of freedom [Q1] = 36.29, p < 0.0001); the prevalence of anxiety disorders based on unstructured clinician assessment was 8.1% (95% CI 5.7–11.4%), compared to a prevalence of 27.3% (95% CI 22.1–33.3%) based on a structured clinical interview. There were no significant moderators of depressive disorder diagnosis.SignificanceFindings suggest the prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders in PWE are equivalent, and variability in prevalence of anxiety disorders across studies can be attributed partly to the method of diagnosis. These findings also challenge widely held assumptions that psychiatric comorbidity is more common in people with drug‐resistant epilepsy. Future research should aim to improve the detection and management of these comorbidities in PWE, particularly anxiety disorders, which have remained relatively neglected.
Phenological responses of Icelandic subarctic grasslands to short‐term and long‐term natural soil warming
Authors: Leblans Niki I. W. , Sigurdsson Bjarni D. , Vicca Sara , Fu Yongshuo , Penuelas Josep , Janssens Ivan A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe phenology of vegetation, particularly the length of the growing season (LOS; i.e., the period from greenup to senescence), is highly sensitive to climate change, which could imply potent feedbacks to the climate system, for example, by altering the ecosystem carbon (C) balance. In recent decades, the largest extensions of LOS have been reported at high northern latitudes, but further warming‐induced LOS extensions may be constrained by too short photoperiod or unfulfilled chilling requirements. Here, we studied subarctic grasslands, which cover a vast area and contain large C stocks, but for which LOS changes under further warming are highly uncertain. We measured LOS extensions of Icelandic subarctic grasslands along natural geothermal soil warming gradients of different age (short term, where the measurements started after 5 years of warming and long term, i.e., warmed since ≥50 years) using ground‐level measurements of normalized difference vegetation index. We found that LOS linearly extended with on average 2.1 days per °C soil warming up to the highest soil warming levels (ca. +10°C) and that LOS had the potential to extend at least 1 month. This indicates that the warming impact on LOS in these subarctic grasslands will likely not saturate in the near future. A similar response to short‐ and long‐term warming indicated a strong physiological control of the phenological response of the subarctic grasslands to warming and suggested that genetic adaptations and community changes were likely of minor importance. We conclude that the warming‐driven extension of the LOSs of these subarctic grasslands did not saturate up to +10°C warming, and hence that growing seasons of high‐latitude grasslands are likely to continue lengthening with future warming (unless genetic adaptations or species shifts do occur). This persistence of the warming‐induced extension of LOS has important implications for the C‐sink potential of subarctic grasslands under climate change.