bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zigzag‐Elongated Fused π‐Electronic Core: A Molecular Design Strategy to Maximize Charge‐Carrier Mobility
Authors: Yamamoto Akito , Murata Yoshinori , Mitsui Chikahiko , Ishii Hiroyuki , Yamagishi Masakazu , Yano Masafumi , Sato Hiroyasu , Yamano Akihito , Takeya Jun , Okamoto Toshihiro 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPrinted and flexible electronics requires solution‐processable organic semiconductors with a carrier mobility (μ) of ≈10 cm2 V−1 s−1 as well as high chemical and thermal durability. In this study, chryseno[2,1‐b:8,7‐b′]dithiophene (ChDT) and its derivatives, which have a zigzag‐elongated fused π‐electronic core (π‐core) and a peculiar highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) configuration, are reported as materials with conceptually new semiconducting π‐cores. ChDT and its derivatives are prepared by a versatile synthetic procedure. A comprehensive investigation reveals that the ChDT π‐core exhibits increasing structural stability in the bulk crystal phase, and that it is unaffected by a variation of the transfer integral, induced by the perpetual molecular motion of organic materials owing to the combination of its molecular shape and its particular HOMO configuration. Notably, ChDT derivatives exhibit excellent chemical and thermal stability, high charge‐carrier mobility under ambient conditions (μ ≤ 10 cm2 V−1 s−1), and a crystal phase that is highly stable, even at temperatures above 250 °C.
Quantitative Galvanostatic Intermittent Titration Technique for the Analysis of a Model System with Applications in Lithium−Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Dibden James W. , Meddings Nina , Owen John R. , Garcia‐Araez Nuria 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) is a powerful characterization tool for batteries, which provides key thermodynamic and kinetic information about battery performance. However, the quantitative analysis of GITT measurements for lithium−sulfur batteries has so far been limited to the evaluation of the internal resistance of the cell and the equilibrium voltage profiles. In this work, we provide the mathematical framework to characterize the mass‐transport kinetics in lithium−sulfur batteries from GITT data, and we demonstrate the validity of the approach through the application to a model and well‐behaved system, ethyl viologen, whose diffusion coefficient is corroborated by cyclic voltammetry data. The present approach is also advantageous for the analysis of ion‐insertion electrodes, where non‐linearity of concentration and voltage changes would produce unrealistic evaluations of the diffusion coefficient by the classical analysis of GITT data.
Statistical challenges in high‐dimensional molecular and genetic epidemiology
Authors: Bull Shelley B. , Andrulis Irene L. , Paterson Andrew D. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMolecular and genetic association studies conducted in well‐characterized longitudinal cohorts offer a powerful approach to investigate factors influencing disease course or complex trait expression. As measurement technologies continue to develop and evolve, studies based on existing cohorts raise methodological challenges. Five such challenges are illustrated in two long‐term inter‐disciplinary collaborations. In one, molecular genetic prognostic factors in the natural history of node‐negative breast cancer are investigated using a combination of hypothesis‐testing and hypothesis‐generating molecular approaches. In the other, genome‐wide association methods are applied to identify genes for multiple traits in extended follow‐up data from participants of a therapeutic RCT in type 1 diabetes. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 46: 24–40; 2018 © 2017 Statistical Society of Canada
Rapid Screening of the Endodermal Differentiation Potential of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Siller Richard , Sullivan Gareth J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHuman pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) hold tremendous promise for regenerative medicine, disease modeling, toxicology screening, and developmental biology. These applications are hindered due to inherent differences in differentiation potential observed among different hPSC lines. This is particularly true for the differentiation of hPSCs toward the endodermal lineage. Several groups have developed methods to screen hPSCs for their endodermal differentiation potential (EP). Particularly notable studies include (i) the use of WNT3A expression as a predictive biomarker, (ii) an embryoid body–based screen, and (iii) a transcriptomics‐based approach. We recently developed a rapid screen to access the EP of hPSCs solely based on morphological analysis. The screen takes 4 days to perform and yields results that are easy to interpret. As the screen is based on our recently developed small molecule protocol for hepatocyte like cell (HLC) differentiation of hPSCs, this method is extremely cost‐effective compared to the aforementioned approaches. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Single‐Cell Functional Analysis of Stem‐Cell Derived Cardiomyocytes on Micropatterned Flexible Substrates
Authors: Kijlstra Jan David , Hu Dongjian , van der Meer Peter , Domian Ibrahim J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHuman pluripotent stem–cell derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC‐CMs) hold great promise for applications in human disease modeling, drug discovery, cardiotoxicity screening, and, ultimately, regenerative medicine. The ability to study multiple parameters of hPSC‐CM function, such as contractile and electrical activity, calcium cycling, and force generation, is therefore of paramount importance. hPSC‐CMs cultured on stiff substrates like glass or polystyrene do not have the ability to shorten during contraction, making them less suitable for the study of hPSC‐CM contractile function. Other approaches require highly specialized hardware and are difficult to reproduce. Here we describe a protocol for the preparation of hPSC‐CMs on soft substrates that enable shortening, and subsequently the simultaneous quantitative analysis of their contractile and electrical activity, calcium cycling, and force generation at single‐cell resolution. This protocol requires only affordable and readily available materials and works with standard imaging hardware. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Biomass‐Derived Carbonyls over Hafnium‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Rojas‐Buzo Sergio , García‐García Pilar , Corma Avelino 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA series of highly crystalline, porous, hafnium‐based metal–organic frameworks (Hf‐MOFs) have been shown to catalyze the transfer hydrogenation reaction of levulinic ester to produce γ‐valerolactone by using isopropanol as a hydrogen donor. The results are compared with their zirconium‐based counterparts. The role of the metal center in Hf‐MOFs has been identified and reaction parameters optimized. NMR studies using isotopically labeled isopropanol provide evidence that the transfer hydrogenation occurs through a direct intermolecular hydrogen transfer route. The catalyst, Hf‐MOF‐808, can be recycled several times with only a minor decrease in catalytic activity. The generality of the procedure has been demonstrated by accomplishing the transformation with aldehydes, ketones, and α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds. The combination of Hf‐MOF‐808 with the Brønsted‐acidic Al‐Beta zeolite gives the four‐step one‐pot transformation of furfural to γ‐valerolactone in good yield of 75 %.
Senescence and carryover effects of reproductive performance influence migration, condition, and breeding propensity in a small shorebird
Authors: Weithman Chelsea , Gibson Daniel , Hunt Kelsi , Friedrich Meryl , Fraser James , Karpanty Sarah , Catlin Daniel 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBreeding propensity, the probability that an animal will attempt to breed each year, is perhaps the least understood demographic process influencing annual fecundity. Breeding propensity is ecologically complex, as associations among a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors may interact to affect an animal's breeding decisions. Individuals that opt not to breed can be more difficult to detect than breeders, which can (1) lead to difficulty in estimation of breeding propensity, and (2) bias other demographic parameters. We studied the effects of sex, age, and population reproductive success on the survival and breeding propensity of a migratory shorebird, the piping plover (Charadrius melodus), nesting on the Missouri River. We used a robust design Barker model to estimate true survival and breeding propensity and found survival decreased as birds aged and did so more quickly for males than females. Monthly survival during the breeding season was lower than during migration or the nonbreeding season. Males were less likely to skip breeding (range: 1–17%) than females (range: 3–26%; βsex = −0.21, 95% CI: −0.38 to −0.21), and both sexes were less likely to return to the breeding grounds following a year of high reproductive success. Birds that returned in a year following relatively high population‐wide reproductive output were in poorer condition than following a year with lower reproductive output. Younger adult birds and females were more likely to migrate from the breeding area earlier than older birds and males; however, all birds stayed on the breeding grounds longer when nest survival was low, presumably because of renesting attempts. Piping plovers used a variety of environmental and demographic cues to inform their reproduction, employing strategies that could maximize fitness on average. Our results support the “disposable soma” theory of aging and follow with predictions from life history theory, exhibiting the intimate connections among the core ecological concepts of senescence, carryover effects, and life history.
Cortical nociceptive processes are reduced by visual alpha‐band entrainment in the human brain
Authors: Ecsy K. , Brown C.A. , Jones A.K.P. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundAcute noxious stimuli induce a suppression of cortical alpha activity, yet little is known about whether increasing alpha activity affects the processing of noxious stimuli. We have previously shown that visual alpha stimulation reduces experimental pain. Here, we demonstrate that increasing alpha power causes a reciprocal suppression of acute nociceptive processing.MethodsWe attempted to increase cortical alpha activity through visual entrainment at 8 Hz, 10 Hz and 12 Hz to investigate the influence on the electrophysiological pain response. Moderately painful laser‐heat stimuli were delivered following 10 minutes of visual entrainment across the alpha range.ResultsAlpha power increased significantly relative to the 1 Hz control condition following 8 Hz and 10 Hz visual stimulation. Significant reductions in the P2 peak amplitude of the laser‐evoked potential were found following visual entrainment at 10 Hz; the frequency stimulation resulting in the largest reduction in pain perception. Source analysis revealed that, following the 10 Hz stimulation, sources of increased alpha power and decreased nociceptive processing overlapped in precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex, with further reductions in nociceptive processing in insula cortex.ConclusionsAs far as we are aware, this is the first study to provide direct evidence that experimental induction of increased alpha power suppresses the cortical processing of acute pain.SignificanceWhile it is known that visual stimulation can increase the brain's oscillatory alpha rhythms, here, we show that this increase in alpha power occurs alongside reduced cortical processing of nociception, as measured with EEG. This establishes an objective marker of alpha entrainment‐based analgesia that may be useful in the development of neuromodulatory treatments for clinical pain.
The Development of Empathic Perspective‐Taking in an Engineering Ethics Course
Authors: Hess Justin L. , Strobel Johannes , Brightman Andrew O. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundPerspective‐taking, a key component of engineering, is particularly salient in engineering ethics. Yet practices for promoting its development in engineering students both within and outside of ethics education remain largely underexplored.PurposeThe objective of this investigation was twofold: first, we explored the aspects of an engineering ethics course that contributed to changes in perspective‐taking among graduate‐level engineering students. Second, we explored the nature of these changes.Design/MethodWe used Critical Incident Technique to explore these two research objectives. To enhance the rigor of this qualitative investigation, we implemented Walther, Sochacka, and Kellam's Quality Framework.ResultsThe analysis of 24 critical incidents extracted from post‐course interviews resulted in five distinct but related themes representing potential causes of changes in perspective‐taking. Themes included the sharing of diverse perspectives, the challenge of ethical decision‐making, projection exercises, repetitive application of Reflexive Principlism, and experiencing cognitive dissonance. Second, we found four themes representing the nature of perspectivetaking changes, including open‐mindedness, holistic perspective‐taking, principle‐based perspective‐taking, and worldview broadening.ConclusionsThese findings elucidate nuances engineering educators might consider when seeking perspective‐taking development among their students, such as the nature of case study prompts and the relationship between perspective‐taking and ethical reasoning processes.
Student Participation in Engineering Practices and Discourse: An Exploratory Case Study
Authors: Selcen Guzey S. , Aranda Maurina 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe integration of science and engineering practices in K‐12 science education provides a platform for students to engage in productive classroom discourse supporting deep student understanding and reasoning in a real‐world context. However, the engineering design discourse in K‐12 science classrooms has not yet been fully examined.PurposeThis article aims to explore the decision‐making processes and verbal interactions of eighth grade students as they engage in a 12‐day engineering design‐based science unit. The following research questions guided the study: (a) How do student discourse patterns and interactions affect design decisions? (b) How do the instructor's discursive interactions in design groups influence student design?MethodIn this exploratory case study, discursive patterns and interaction patterns between four student groups and their instructor were captured through audio and video recordings.ResultsThe design discourse structure and patterns differed among groups, affecting their design decisions. There was also a difference in both the number of new ideas generated and, most notably, the level of student engagement in those groups. In addition, the complexity of design decisions varied, with most groups focusing on financial feasibility rather than scientific reasoning. Finally, it was observed that the instructor discourse influenced student engagement in design discourse and the use of scientific reasoning and justifications in small group discussions.ConclusionsThis discourse study offers insight into students’ scientific reasoning in an effort to help educators more effectively structure instruction discourse and practices in engineering design in K‐12 science education.
Green and Red Fluorescent Dyes for Translational Applications in Imaging and Sensing Analytes: A Dual‐Color Flag
Authors: Oliveira Elisabete , Bértolo Emilia , Núñez Cristina , Pilla Viviane , Santos Hugo M. , Fernández‐Lodeiro Javier , Fernández‐Lodeiro Adrian , Djafari Jamila , Capelo José Luis , Lodeiro Carlos 
Published: November 2017

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the BIOSCOPE group of Professors Carlos Lodeiro and José Luis Capelo at the REQUIMTE/UCIBIO‐LAQv‐FCT University NOVA of Lisbon (Portugal), and their collaborators. The cover picture is devoted to Translational Research, and shows the Portuguese Flag represented by the interaction between cells and Janus gold/silver nanoparticles functionalized with rhodamine (red) and Fluorescein (green) dyes as tools for biomedical translational research. Read the full text of their Review at 10.1002/open.201700135.
Simultaneous Measurements of Geometric and Viscoelastic Properties of Hydrogel Microbeads Using Continuous‐Flow Microfluidics with Embedded Electrodes
Authors: Niu Ye , Zhang Xu , Si Ting , Zhang Yuntian , Qi Lin , Zhao Gang , Xu Ronald X. , He Xiaoming , Zhao Yi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGeometric and mechanical characterizations of hydrogel materials at the microscale are attracting increasing attention due to their importance in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and drug delivery applications. Contemporary approaches for measuring the these properties of hydrogel microbeads suffer from low‐throughput, complex system configuration, and measurement inaccuracy. In this work, a continuous‐flow device is developed to measure geometric and viscoelastic properties of hydrogel microbeads by flowing the microbeads through a tapered microchannel with an array of interdigitated microelectrodes patterned underneath the channel. The viscoelastic properties are derived from the trajectories of microbeads using a quasi‐linear viscoelastic model. The measurement is independent of the applied volumetric flow rate. The results show that the geometric and viscoelastic properties of Ca‐alginate hydrogel microbeads can be determined independently and simultaneously. The bulky high‐speed optical systems are eliminated, simplifying the system configuration and making it a truly miniaturized device. A throughput of up to 394 microbeads min−1 is achieved. This study may provide a powerful tool for mechanical profiling of hydrogel microbeads to support their wide applications.
Biotinylated Photopolymers for 3D‐Printed Unibody Lab‐on‐a‐Chip Optical Platforms
Authors: Credi Caterina , Griffini Gianmarco , Levi Marinella , Turri Stefano 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe present work reports the first demonstration of straightforward fabrication of monolithic unibody lab‐on‐a‐chip (ULOCs) integrating bioactive micrometric 3D scaffolds by means of multimaterial stereolithography (SL). To this end, a novel biotin‐conjugated photopolymer is successfully synthesized and optimally formulated to achieve high‐performance SL‐printing resolution, as demonstrated by the SL‐fabrication of biotinylated structures smaller than 100 µm. By optimizing a multimaterial single‐run SL‐based 3D‐printing process, such biotinylated microstructures are incorporated within perfusion microchambers whose excellent optical transparency enables real‐time optical microscopy analyses. Standard biotin‐binding assays confirm the existence of biotin‐heads on the surfaces of the embedded 3D microstructures and allow to demonstrate that the biofunctionality of biotin is not altered during the SL‐printing, thus making it exploitable for further conjugation with other biomolecules. As a step forward, an in‐line optical detection system is designed, prototyped via SL‐printing and serially connected to the perfusion microchambers through customized world‐to‐chip connectors. Such detection system is successfully employed to optically analyze the solution flowing out of the microchambers, thus enabling indirect quantification of the concentration of target interacting biomolecules. The successful application of this novel biofunctional photopolymer as SL‐material enables to greatly extend the versatility of SL to directly fabricate ULOCs with intrinsic biofunctionality.
Introduction
Authors: Wallis Jennifer 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
In this ‘Introduction’ Wallis highlights the importance of the asylum patient’s body to the study of mental disease in the late nineteenth century. The chapter questions why the body is often left out of histories of psychiatry, arguing that this is due to long-standing perceptions of the Victorian asylum as a place of incarceration and harsh treatment. Wallis asks how we can bring the body more meaningfully into histories of the asylum and suggests that we may achieve this by looking at scientific practices in the asylum. ‘Introduction’ concludes with a case study of the West Riding Lunatic Asylum, showing that this was an institution that fostered a research culture that was particularly concerned with the links between the body and mental disease.
Surface Plots for Cancer Survival
Authors: Rau Roland , Bohk-Ewald Christina , Muszyńska Magdalena M. , Vaupel James W. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWhile previous chapters focused only on the event of death, this chapter investigates the dynamics over age and time for the duration between being diagnosed with a specific cancer and death. We use five year survival as our indicator of survival in general, disease-specific survival and relative survival for selected cancer sites such as breast cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer or pancreatic cancer. The major impact of the stage of the tumor at the time of diagnosis for survival is illustrated using stage 1 and stage 4 of colorectal cancer as an example.
Surface Plots of Age-Specific Contributions to the Increase in Life Expectancy
Authors: Rau Roland , Bohk-Ewald Christina , Muszyńska Magdalena M. , Vaupel James W. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRates of mortality improvement, as presented in the previous two chapters, are an excellent tool to illustrate mortality dynamics. They can not be directly translated to contributions to changes in life expectancy. Using Arriaga’s decomposition approach, we plot maps for selected countries from the Human Mortality Database, showing which ages contributed most to the respective change in life expectanc over time.
A review of social media methods and lessons learned from the National Children’s Study
Authors: Burke-Garcia Amelia , Winseck Kate , Jouvenal Leslie Cooke , Hubble David , Kulbicki Kathryn M. 
Published: November 2017

IntroductionGiven the reach and influence of social media, the National Children’s Study Vanguard Study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and cost of using social media to support participant retention.MethodsWe describe a social media experiment designed to assess the impact of social media on participant retention, discuss several key considerations for integrating social media into longitudinal research, and review factors that may influence engagement in research-related social media.ResultsUser participation varied but was most active when at launch. During the short life of the private online community, a total of 39 participants joined. General enthusiasm about the prospect of the online community was indicated. There were many lessons learned throughout the process in areas such as privacy, security, and Institutional Review Board clearance. These are described in detail.ConclusionsThe opportunity to engage participants in longitudinal research using online social networks is enticing; however, more research is needed to consider the feasibility of their use in an ongoing manner. Recommendations are presented for future research seeking to use social media to improve retention in longitudinal research.