bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stahlbautechnische Problemlösung bei einer Kurvenstütze einer Dreiseilbahn – Penkenbahn im Zillertal
Authors: Bischofberger Markus , Köss Walter 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBei Kurven in Seilbahntrassen kommt es bei der Fahrt des Laufwerks sowohl zu einer horizontalen als auch zu einer vertikalen Seilauslenkung. Für Dreiseilbahnen (3S‐Bahnen) mit zwei Tragseilen als Fahrbahn für die Kabine und einem Zugseil entwickelte die Firma Doppelmayr Seilbahnen eine Kurvenstütze, bei der die Seilschuhe eine horizontale und eine vertikale Winkelablenkung des Zugseils bei der Fahrt über die dreidimensionale – also um zwei Achsen gekrümmte – Kurve ermöglichen. Diese Konstruktion wurde erstmals bei der Penkenbahn in Mayrhofen im Zillertal realisiert.
Effectiveness of rikkosan gargling for burning mouth syndrome
Authors: Nakazawa Seitaro , Okada Kazutaka , Matsushita Takae , Hegozaki Seiji , Sakata Ken‐ichiro , Kitagawa Yoshimasa , Yamazaki Yutaka 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
CaseBurning mouth syndrome (BMS) is characterized by a burning sensation or other dysesthesias of the oral mucosa, without accompanying abnormal clinical or laboratory findings. Although various treatment options have been proposed, there is currently no optimal approach. This report describes the cases of two women, aged 65 and 75 years, with BMS. The first patient had tongue pain, which disappeared after treatment with antidepressants, but which recurred 9 months later. The second patient had burning pain in the tongue and a continual phantom sensation of bitterness. Both patients were prescribed rikkosan as a mouthwash.OutcomeInitial gargling with rikkosan relieved the burning pain in both patients for approximately 60 min. Continuous treatment gradually reduced the frequency of symptoms, while also increasing the duration of symptom‐free periods. Symptoms disappeared after 4 and 10 months, respectively.ConclusionRikkosan gargling may be a useful adjuvant treatment for BMS.
Language Identity in the Elementary English Language Arts Classroom
Authors: Brownell Cassie J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn response to the growing number of linguistically diverse students in elementary classrooms, this Teaching Tip centers stories of students exploring language identity and use in one fourth‐grade classroom in the Midwestern United States. Specifically, the author situates this Teaching Tip by first telling how students engaged in a discussion about the Navajo code talkers before nuancing stories of two linguistically diverse elementary students as they navigated and negotiated the intricacies of language identity in their school. The author then illuminates how teachers can open new spaces for dialogue about and the practice of a multiplicity of languages.
Temporary streams in temperate zones: recognizing, monitoring and restoring transitional aquatic‐terrestrial ecosystems
Authors: Stubbington Rachel , England Judy , Wood Paul J. , Sefton Catherine E.M. 
Published: May 2017

Temporary streams are defined by periodic flow cessation, and may experience partial or complete loss of surface water. The ecology and hydrology of these transitional aquatic‐terrestrial ecosystems have received unprecedented attention in recent years. Research has focussed on the arid, semi‐arid, and Mediterranean regions in which temporary systems are the dominant stream type, and those in cooler, wetter temperate regions with an oceanic climate influence are also receiving increasing attention. These oceanic systems take diverse forms, including meandering alluvial plain rivers, ‘winterbourne’ chalk streams, and peatland gullies. Temporary streams provide ecosystem services and support a diverse biota that includes rare and endemic specialists. We examine this biota and illustrate that temporary stream diversity can be higher than in comparable perennial systems, in particular when differences among sites and times are considered; these diversity patterns can be related to transitions between lotic, lentic, and terrestrial instream conditions. Human impacts on temperate‐zone temporary streams are ubiquitous, and result from water‐resource and land‐use‐related stressors, which interact in a changing climate to alter natural flow regimes. These impacts may remain uncharacterized due to inadequate protection of small temporary streams by current legislation, and hydrological and biological monitoring programs therefore require expansion to better represent temporary systems. Novel, temporary‐stream‐specific biomonitors and multi‐metric indices require development, to integrate characterization of ecological quality during lotic, lentic, and terrestrial phases. In addition, projects to restore flow regimes, habitats, and communities may be required to improve the ecological quality of temporary streams.WIREs Water2017, 4:e1223. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1223This article is categorized under:Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and AwarenessWater and Life > Nature of Freshwater EcosystemsWater and Life > Stresses and Pressures on EcosystemsScience of Water > Water Extremes
Molecular ‘time‐machines’ to unravel key biological events for drug design
Authors: Ganesan Aravindhan , Coote Michelle L. , Barakat Khaled 
Published: May 2017

Molecular dynamics (MD) has become a routine tool in structural biology and structure‐based drug design (SBDD). MD offers extraordinary insights into the structures and dynamics of biological systems. With the current capabilities of high‐performance supercomputers, it is now possible to perform MD simulations of systems as large as millions of atoms and for several nanoseconds timescale. Nevertheless, many complicated molecular mechanisms, including ligand binding/unbinding and protein folding, usually take place on timescales of several microseconds to milliseconds, which are beyond the practical limits of standard MD simulations. Such issues with traditional MD approaches can be effectively tackled with new generation MD methods, such as enhanced sampling MD approaches and coarse‐grained MD (CG‐MD) scheme. The former employ a bias to steer the simulations and reveal biological events that are usually very slow, while the latter groups atoms as interaction beads, thereby reducing the system size and facilitating longer MD simulations that can witness large conformational changes in biological systems. In this review, we outline many of such advanced MD methods, and discuss how their applications are providing significant insights into important biological processes, particularly those relevant to drug design and discovery. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2017, 7:e1306. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1306This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Computational Biochemistry and Biophysics
Molecular and Statistical Mechanics > Free Energy Methods
Software > Simulation Methods
ELISA‐type assays of trace biomarkers using microfluidic methods
Authors: Dong Jinhua , Ueda Hiroshi 
Published: May 2017

Recently, great progress has been achieved for analytical technologies for biological substances. Traditionally, detection methods for analytes mainly rely on large instrumental analyses. These methods require costly equipment, skilled operators and long measurement time despite their generally low sensitivity. In contrast, immunoassays are becoming more and more popular for it is powerful, inexpensive, and convenient nature. Immunoassay has a range of applications, because it employs antibody, a protein produced by plasma cells in the acquired immune system to identify and neutralize diverse pathogens and other exogenous substances. However, the sensitivity of conventional immunoassays so far is limited by their reaction principles and detection methods. The microfluidics technology is the one that manipulates small volumes of fluid and flow, which has the potential to miniaturize many laboratory procedures. Immunoassays on microfluidic devices have been studied extensively and have gained significant attention owing to intrinsic advantages offered by the assay platforms. The techniques have allowed the miniaturization of conventional immunoassay and bring the advantages such as small volumes of samples and reagents as well as the decrease of contamination, which results in the decline of false‐positive results. Ultimately, the combination of immunoassays with microfluidics affords a promising platform for multiple, sensitive, and automatic point‐of‐care diagnostics. Recent achievements on microfluidic devices and immunoassay detection systems including digital assay employing single molecule will be introduced in detail and the strategies for faster and more sensitive configurations in microfluidic immunosensors will be highlighted. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1457. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1457This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing
Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices
The Identification, Preservation and Classification of the External Branch of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve in Thyroidectomy
Authors: Wang Kun , Cai Huilan , Kong Deguang , Cui Qiuxia , Zhang Dan , Wu Gaosong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundAvoiding injury to the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve is one of the major challenges during thyroid operation. The aim of this study was to propose a practical classification of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve.MethodsA retrospective study of total thyroidectomy was performed. Totally 240 patients were included, with 480 external branches of the superior laryngeal nerves explored by intraoperative neuromonitoring. The classification of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve was determined by the distance between the upper edge of the superior thyroid pole and the lowest point of the nerve when the thyroid lobe was retracted in the lateral and inferior direction. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was run to predict the type of the nerve from several variables.ResultsThe identification rate of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve was 98.54% (473 of 480 nerves). Higher ratio of longitudinal size of the thyroid lobe to ipsilateral neck length increased the likelihood of that both the type 2 and 3 nerve with respect to type 1 nerve, with OR 2.72, 95% CI = 1.21–6.12 and OR 5.30, 95% CI = 2.09–13.44, respectively. (1a) The nerve whose lowest point (entry into the muscle) was located more than 1 cm above the horizontal plane passing the upper border of superior thyroid pole. (1b) The nerve whose lowest point (the point right above the superior thyroid pole) was located more than 1 cm above the plane. (2a) The nerve whose lowest point (entry into the muscle) was located within 1 cm above the plane. (2b) The nerve whose lowest point (the point right above the superior thyroid pole) was located within 1 cm above the plane. (3a) The nerve whose lowest point (entry into the muscle) was located below the plane. (3b) The nerve whose lowest point (the point right below the superior thyroid pole) was located anterior to the gland. (3c) The nerve whose lowest point (the point right below the superior thyroid pole) was located posterior to the gland.ConclusionsIdentification rate of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve by intraoperative neuromonitoring was significantly high. Understanding the new practical classification of the nerve allows for better identification and function preservation of this nerve during thyroidectomy.
Relationship between seasonal progression of floral meristem development and FLOWERING LOCUS T expression in the deciduous tree Fagus crenata
Authors: Miyazaki Yuko , Satake Akiko 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEstimating the timing of flower bud formation in plants is essential to identify environmental factors that regulate floral transition. The presence of winter dormancy between the initiation of flowers and anthesis, characteristic of most trees in the temperate forests, hampers accurate estimation of the timing of floral transition. To overcome this difficulty, expression levels of flowering‐time genes could be used as indicators of the timing of floral transition. Here, we evaluated the usefulness of molecular markers in estimating the timing of floral transition in Fagus crenata, a deciduous tree that shows intermittent and synchronized flowering at the population level. We selected FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) as a candidate molecular marker and quantified the expression levels of its ortholog in F. crenata (FcFT). Subsequently, we analyzed the relationship between morphogenetic changes that occur between the vegetative state of the buds and the initiation of floral organs, and compared the FcFT expression levels in reproductive and vegetative buds, collected from spring to autumn. FcFT expression in leaves peaked at least two weeks before the morphological changes associated with flowering were visible in the buds in late July. FcFT expression levels were significantly higher in the reproductive buds than in the vegetative buds in July. These results suggest that the FcFT expression in July is a reliable indicator of the timing and occurrence of floral transition. This study highlights the utility of molecular tools in unraveling reproductive dynamics in plants, in combination with ecological and physiological approaches.
Non-Heterosexuality, Relationships, and Young Women’s Contraceptive Behavior
Authors: Ela Elizabeth J. , Budnick Jamie 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Non-heterosexual young women have a higher rate of unintended pregnancy than their heterosexual peers, but their fertility behaviors are understudied. We use longitudinal data from the Relationship Dynamics and Social Life study to investigate mechanisms contributing to non-heterosexual women’s higher pregnancy risk. These data include weekly reports of relationships, sex, and contraceptive use over 30 months. We compare the relationships and fertility behaviors of three groups: exclusively heterosexual (consistent heterosexual behavior, identity, and attraction); mostly heterosexual (heterosexual identity with same-sex behavior and/or same-sex attraction); and LGBTQ (any non-heterosexual identity). We find that mostly heterosexual and LGBTQ women behave differently from exclusively heterosexual women in ways likely to elevate their risk of unintended pregnancy: more distinct partners during the study period, more sexual intercourse with men, less frequent contraceptive use, less use of a dual method (condom plus hormonal method), and more gaps in contraceptive coverage. Mostly heterosexual women resemble LGBTQ women in their contraceptive behavior but have significantly more intercourse with men, which may increase their pregnancy risk relative to both LGBTQ and exclusively heterosexual women. We conclude by considering implications for LGBTQ health and the measurement of sexual minority populations.
Eclipsed by Orthodoxy: The Vanishing Point of Consideration and the Forgotten Ingenuity of the Indian Contract Act 1872
Authors: SWAMINATHAN Shivprasad 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe definition of consideration in Section 2(d) of the Indian Contract Act 1872 substantially anticipated the far-reaching reforms to the orthodox doctrine of consideration that were proposed by the English Law Revision Committee (1937). These included making enforceable, through the doctrine of promissory estoppel, promises without consideration in the traditional sense that were meant to and did induce reliance; making enforceable a promise to perform a pre-existing duty; and making binding a promise to keep an offer open. The pivots of the definition in Section 2(d) were: a ‘subjective’ conception of consideration on which value was to be measured by the desire of the contractors alone, as opposed to an external standard; a concomitant purging of the traditional requirements of benefit and detriment; and the recognition of induced reliance as a form of consideration. The definition was designed to mark the vanishing point of consideration without having to formally abolish it. This design, however, went awry as courts and scholars in India projected the orthodox English model of consideration, replete with benefit and detriment, and external standards of value, upon this provision. Consequently, an ingenious piece of draftsmanship came to be eclipsed by orthodoxy.
Disinfectant Susceptibility Profiling of Glutaraldehyde-Resistant Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
Authors: Burgess Winona , Margolis Alyssa , Gibbs Sara , Duarte Rafael Silva , Jackson Mary 
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVEActivated alkaline glutaraldehyde (GTA) remains one of the most widely used high-level disinfectants worldwide. However, several reports have highlighted the potential for nontuberculous mycobacteria to develop high-level resistance to this product. Because aldehyde resistance may lead to cross-resistance to other biocides, we investigated the susceptibility profile of GTA-resistantMycobacterium chelonaeandM. abscessusisolates to various disinfectant chemistries.METHODSHigh-level disinfectants commonly used in the reprocessing of endoscopes and other heat-sensitive, semicritical medical equipment, including different formulations of aldehyde-based products and oxidizing agents, were tested against 10 slow- and fast-growing, GTA-susceptible and GTA-resistant,Mycobacteriumisolates in suspension tests and carrier tests at different temperatures.RESULTSWhile peracetic acid– and hydrogen peroxide–based disinfectants (S40, Resert XL, Reliance DG) efficiently killed all of theMycobacteriumisolates, GTA- and ortho-phthalaldehyde-based products (ie, Cidex, Aldahol, Cidex OPA) showed variable efficacy against GTA-resistant strains despite the ability of some formulations (Aldahol) to overcome the resistance of some of these isolates, especially when the temperature was increased from 20°C to 25°C.CONCLUSIONSApplication permitting, oxidizing chemistries may provide a safe alternative to aldehyde-based products, particularly in GTA-resistant mycobacterial outbreaks.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2017;38:784–791
Anaesthesia for electroconvulsive therapy – new tricks for old drugs: a systematic review
Authors: Stripp Tobias Kvist , Jorgensen Martin Balslev , Olsen Niels Vidiendal 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveThe objective of this review is to investigate existing literature in order to delineate whether the use of anaesthesia and timing of seizure induction in a new and optimised way may improve the efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).MethodsPubMed/MEDLINE was searched for existing literature, last search on 24 June 2015. Relevant clinical studies on human subjects involving choice of anaesthetic, ventilation and bispectral index (BIS) monitoring in the ECT setting were considered. The references of relevant studies were likewise considered.ResultsPropofol yields the shortest seizures, etomidate and ketamine the longest. Etomidate and ketamine+propofol 1 : 1 seems to yield the seizures with best quality. Seizure quality is improved when induction of ECT is delayed until the effect of the anaesthetic has waned – possibly monitored with BIS values. Manual hyperventilation with 100% O2may increase the pO2/pCO2-ratio, which may be correlated with better seizure quality.ConclusionEtomidate or a 1 : 1 ketamine and propofol combination may be the best method to achieve general anaesthesia in the ECT setting. There is a need for large randomised prospective studies comparing the effect of methohexital, thiopental, propofol, ketamine, propofol+ketamine 1 : 1 and etomidate in the ECT treatment of major depressed patients. These studies should investigate safety and side effects, and most importantly have antidepressant efficacy and cognitive side effects as outcome measures instead of seizure quality.
The microbial community of the gut differs between piglets fed sow milk, milk replacer or bovine colostrum
Authors: Poulsen Ann-Sofie R. , de Jonge Nadieh , Sugiharto Sugiharto , Nielsen Jeppe L. , Lauridsen Charlotte , Canibe Nuria 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to characterise the gut microbiota composition of piglets fed bovine colostrum (BC), milk replacer (MR) or sow milk (SM) in the post-weaning period. Piglets (n36), 23-d old, were randomly allocated to the three diets. Faecal samples were collected at 23, 25, 27 and 30 d of age. Digesta from the stomach, ileum, caecum and mid-colon was collected at 30 d of age. Bacterial DNA from all samples was subjected to amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Bacterial enumerations by culture and SCFA analysis were conducted as well. BC-piglets had the highest abundance ofLactococcusin the stomach (P<0·0001) and ileal (P<0·0001) digesta, whereas SM-piglets had the highest abundance ofLactobacillusin the stomach digesta (P<0·0001). MR-piglets had a high abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in the ileal digesta (P<0·0001) and a higher number of haemolytic bacteria in ileal (P=0·0002) and mid-colon (P=0·001) digesta than SM-piglets. BC-piglets showed the highest colonic concentration of iso-butyric and iso-valeric acid (P=0·02). Sequencing and culture showed that MR-piglets were colonised by a higher number of Enterobacteriaceae, whereas the gut microbiota of BC-piglets was characterised by a change in lactic acid bacteria genera when compared with SM-piglets. We conclude that especially the ileal microbiota of BC-piglets had a closer resemblance to that of SM-piglets in regard to the abundance of potential enteric pathogens than did MR-piglets. The results indicate that BC may be a useful substitute for regular milk replacers, and as a feeding supplement in the immediate post-weaning period.
Bread making technology influences postprandial glucose response: a review of the clinical evidence
Authors: Stamataki Nikoleta S. , Yanni Amalia E. , Karathanos Vaios T. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLowering postprandial glucose and insulin responses may have significant beneficial implications for prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders. Bread is a staple food consumed worldwide in a daily basis, and the use of different baking technologies may modify the glucose and insulin response. The aim of this review was to critically record the human studies examining the application of different bread making processes on postprandial glucose and insulin response to bread. Literature is rich of results which show that the use of sourdough fermentation instead of leavening with Saccharomyces cerevisiae is able to modulate glucose response to bread, whereas evidence regarding its efficacy on lowering postprandial insulin response is less clear. The presence of organic acids is possibly involved, but the exact mechanism of action is still to be confirmed. The reviewed data also revealed that the alteration of other processing conditions (method of cooking, proofing period, partial baking freezing technology) can effectively decrease postprandial glucose response to bread, by influencing physical structure and retrogradation of starch. The development of healthier bread products that benefit postprandial metabolic responses is crucial and suggested baking conditions can be used by the bread industry for the promotion of public health.