bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Model Tracks in Present and Future Climates
Authors: Nakamura Jennifer , Camargo Suzana J. , Sobel Adam H. , Henderson Naomi , Emanuel Kerry A. , Kumar Arun , LaRow Timothy E. , Murakami Hiroyuki , Roberts Malcolm J. , Scoccimarro Enrico , Vidale Pier Luigi , Wang Hui , Wehner Michael F. , Zhao Ming 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWestern North Pacific tropical cyclone (TC) model tracks are analyzed in two large multimodel ensembles, spanning a large variety of models and multiple future climate scenarios. Two methodologies are used to synthesize the properties of TC tracks in this large data set: cluster analysis and mass moment ellipses. First, the models' TC tracks are compared to observed TC tracks' characteristics, and a subset of the models is chosen for analysis, based on the tracks' similarity to observations and sample size. Potential changes in track types in a warming climate are identified by comparing the kernel smoothed probability distributions of various track variables in historical and future scenarios using a Kolmogorov‐Smirnov significance test. Two track changes are identified. The first is a statistically significant increase in the north‐south expansion, which can also be viewed as a poleward shift, as TC tracks are prevented from expanding equatorward due to the weak Coriolis force near the equator. The second change is an eastward shift in the storm tracks that occur near the central Pacific in one of the multimodel ensembles, indicating a possible increase in the occurrence of storms near Hawaii in a warming climate. The dependence of the results on which model and future scenario are considered emphasizes the necessity of including multiple models and scenarios when considering future changes in TC characteristics.
Relating anomaly correlation to lead time: Clustering analysis of CFSv2 forecasts of summer precipitation in China
Authors: Zhao Tongtiegang , Liu Pan , Zhang Yongyong , Ruan Chengqing 
Published: August 2017

AbstractGlobal climate model (GCM) forecasts are an integral part of long‐range hydroclimatic forecasting. We propose to use clustering to explore anomaly correlation, which indicates the performance of raw GCM forecasts, in the three‐dimensional space of latitude, longitude, and initialization time. Focusing on a certain period of the year, correlations for forecasts initialized at different preceding periods form a vector. The vectors of anomaly correlation across different GCM grid cells are clustered to reveal how GCM forecasts perform as time progresses. Through the case study of Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) forecasts of summer precipitation in China, we observe that the correlation at a certain cell oscillates with lead time and can become negative. The use of clustering reveals two meaningful patterns that characterize the relationship between anomaly correlation and lead time. For some grid cells in Central and Southwest China, CFSv2 forecasts exhibit positive correlations with observations and they tend to improve as time progresses. This result suggests that CFSv2 forecasts tend to capture the summer precipitation induced by the East Asian monsoon and the South Asian monsoon. It also indicates that CFSv2 forecasts can potentially be applied to improving hydrological forecasts in these regions. For some other cells, the correlations are generally close to zero at different lead times. This outcome implies that CFSv2 forecasts still have plenty of room for further improvement. The robustness of the patterns has been tested using both hierarchical clustering and k‐means clustering and examined with the Silhouette score.
Flexible Active Skin: Large Reconfigurable Arrays of Individually Addressed Shape Memory Polymer Actuators
Authors: Besse Nadine , Rosset Samuel , Zarate Juan Jose , Shea Herbert 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA high‐resolution flexible active skin with a matrix of 32 × 24 individually addressable tactile pixels on a 4 mm pitch is reported, based on shape memory polymer (SMP) actuators. The intrinsic multistable nature of SMPs, and their more than 100‐fold variation in stiffness over a narrow temperature range, enables dense arrays of actuators exhibiting simultaneously large strokes and high holding forces. The control challenge of addressing a very large number of soft actuators is solved by patterning an array of miniature stretchable heaters on a thin SMP membrane, so that one single pneumatic supply is sufficient to rapidly and selectively reconfigure any or all elements. The device consists of a 40 µm thick SMP layer, on which 32 × 24 stretchable heaters are integrated, interconnected by a flexible printed circuit board, and bonded to a stretchable 3D‐printed pneumatic chamber. Each taxel can be individually controlled via row/column addressing, and requires 2.5 s to latch to a different state. The active skin weighs only 55 g and is 2 mm thick. More than 99% of the 768 taxels are fully functional, with a lifetime in excess of 20 000 cycles. This architecture enables applications in haptic displays, active camouflage, biomimetic robots, microfluidics, and new human machine interfaces.
Synthesis of Ag Nanorods with Highly Tunable Plasmonics toward Optimal Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrates Self‐Assembled at Interfaces
Authors: Tian Xiang‐Dong , Lin Ying , Dong Jin‐Chao , Zhang Yue‐Jiao , Wu Si‐Rong , Liu Si‐Ying , Zhang Yun , Li Jian‐Feng , Tian Zhong‐Qun 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAg nanorods receive intensive attention due to the excellent plasmonic properties. However, the difficulty in synthesis of monodisperse Ag nanorods with broad aspect ratios has limited their in‐depth applications. Here, a seed‐mediated method is reported for the synthesis of Ag nanorods with lengths from 65 to 5000 nm, corresponding to aspect ratios from 2 to 156. The plasmonic resonance is tuned from visible to mid‐infrared wavelength. The synthesis protocol relies on robust Au seeds synthesized in N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF), which induces the one‐dimensional (1D) growth of Ag atoms. To maintain symmetry breaking initiated by the Au seeds, the reduction rate of Ag+ is decreased by adding hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) to form AgCl particles. The optimized conditions to prevent the homogeneous nucleation of Ag nanoparticles and residue of AgCl particles in products are identified, under which the conversion efficiency of Ag ions to Ag nanorods is evaluated about 48%. More importantly, the anisotropic Ag nanorods are self‐assembled into monolayers at interfaces with the long axis of Ag nanorods perpendicular or parallel to the interfaces, respectively. The as‐fabricated monolayers exhibit uniform and reproducible surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activities. The optimal SERS performance is achieved from Ag nanorod monolayer with vertical orientation and the longest rod length.
Asymmetric Intermolecular Rauhut−Currier Reaction for the Construction of 3,3‐Disubstituted Oxindoles with Quaternary Stereogenic Centers
Authors: Wang Hongyu , Wang Kaiye , Man Yunquan , Gao Xiaonan , Yang Limin , Ren Yanfei , Li Na , Tang Bo , Zhao Gang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA remote cross Rauhut−Currier reaction utilizing vinyl ketones and para‐quinone methides derived from isatins was realized, which was successfully catalyzed using bifunctional phosphines, furnishing chiral 3,3‐disubstituted oxindoles in excellent enantioselectivities and high yields. The mechanistic studies demonstrated the key role of the alkyl hydrogen of the vinyl ketones, which conceivably interacted with the para‐quinone methide carbonyl group via the hydrogen bond, offering a new insight for the design of novel asymmetric reactions.magnified image
International aggregate agricultural supply for grain and oilseed: The effects of efficiency and technological change
Authors: Le Clech Nestor , Fillat‐Castejón Carmen 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper analyses the effects of the main determinants of international aggregate agricultural supply. We propose a new model that captures the farmers’ expectations through the storage approach, instead of using Nerlove's basic model. As an innovation, we add the effects of efficiency and technological change directly, thus achieving a more powerful and informative estimation than with the usual dynamic model. Moreover, we consider the effect of climate and construct a sowing and harvesting calendar for each country and each crop to measure the supply more precisely. We also analyze the effects of agricultural prices and their volatility, of commercial policy and of changes in inventories on the suppliers’ decisions. Finally, we examine the differences in these determinants depending on the level of development of the countries. [EconLit citations: Q11, Q16, Q18].
Synthesis of Indolizine‐Containing Diaryl‐ and Triarylmethanes through a Cu‐Catalyzed Domino Cyclization of 2‐(2‐Enynyl)pyridines
Authors: Mahesh Sriram , Paluru Dilip K. , Ahmad Feroz , Patil Swati , Kant Guddi , Anand Ramasamy Vijaya 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA Cu‐catalyzed protocol for the synthesis of indolizine‐containing diaryl‐ and triarylmethane derivatives through a 5‐endo‐dig cyclization of 2‐(2‐enynyl)pyridines, followed by a remote addition of nucleophiles, such as hydride and 2‐naphthols, is described.
Total Synthesis of Actinophyllic Acid
Authors: Yoshii Yu , Tokuyama Hidetoshi , Chen David Y.‐K. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHerein we report a total synthesis of the indolohydroazocine natural product actinophyllic acid. The target molecule was retrosynthetically deconvoluted to render a greatly simplified and symmetrical [4.4.1] bicyclic trienone, the desymmetrization of which was carefully examined under a variety of conditions, including oxidative, reductive, and transition‐metal‐catalyzed transformations. Ultimately, the successful synthetic strategy featured chemoselective catalytic dihydroxylation, desymmetrizing nitrile oxide dipolar cycloaddition, and palladium‐catalyzed aminoarylation to sequentially modify the three olefins within the trienone, followed by a late‐stage reductive cascade indolization and alkylation to complete the target molecule.
Nanocarbons for Catalytic Desulfurization
Authors: Gu Qingqing , Lin Yangming , Heumann Saskia , Su Dangsheng 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNanocarbon catalysts are green and sustainable alternatives to metal‐based catalysts for numerous catalytic transformations. The application of nanocarbons for environmental catalysis is an emerging research discipline and has undergone rapid development in recent years. In this focus review, we provide a critical analysis of state‐of‐the‐art nanocarbon catalysts for three different catalytic desulfurization processes. In particular, we focus on the advantages and limitations as well as the reaction mechanisms of the nanocarbon catalysts at the molecular level.
New Bounded Real Lemma Formulation and Control for Continuous‐Time Descriptor Systems
Authors: Chadli M. , Shi P. , Feng Z. , Lam J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis note proposes a new bounded real lemma, involving slack variables, for continuous‐time descriptor systems. The derived result gives necessary and sufficient admissibility conditions in strict linear matrix inequality form. Then, an
control is designed for the underlying systems. The work in this paper extends the results for discrete‐time descriptor systems to continuous‐time case and generalize the standard ones. Illustrative examples are given to verify the effectiveness of the developed results.
Fault‐Tolerant Control Allocation for Overactuated Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Cristofaro Andrea , Polycarpou Marios M. , Johansen Tor Arne 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper addresses the problem of fault‐tolerant control allocation for input affine nonlinear systems. The proposed scheme is divided in three main tasks: fault detection and estimation using a nonlinear observer, fault isolation through a bank of unknown input observers with a resetting policy to reduce the effects of nonlinearities and control reconfiguration based on reduced order allocation. Analytical results regarding the isolability and reconfigurability of actuator faults are derived and a simulation example is used to illustrate the the proposed fault tolerant control methodology.
Oxiracetam or fastigial nucleus stimulation reduces cognitive injury at high altitude
Authors: Hu ShengLi , Shi JianTao , Xiong Wei , Li WeiNa , Fang LiChao , Feng Hua 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundCognitive impairment is common in people travelling to high altitude. Oxiracetam and electrical stimulation of cerebellar fastigial nucleus may have beneficial impacts. This study was to investigate the effects of preconditioning with Oxiracetam or fastigial nucleus stimulation (FNS) on cognitive decline following the ascension to high altitude.MethodsThe study was conducted on 60 male military voluntary members who were divided into control group, Oxiracetam group, and fastigial nucleus stimulation group. Transcranial doppler sonography, auditory evoked potential, electroencephalogram (EEG), and cognitive assessments were performed.ResultsPeople could still suffer cognitive dysfunction at 4,000 m high altitude despite that they have lived at 1,800 m altitude for several years. The 4,000 m altitude environment also prolonged P300 and N200 latencies. Both Oxiracetam and FNS improved cognitive function, reduced the prolonged latencies of Event Related Potentials (P300 and N200), decreased the average velocity of brain arteries, and enhanced EEG power spectral entropy at 4,000 m altitude.ConclusionsNeurophysiological evidences suggest the underlying mechanism of cognitive impairments. Both Oxiracetam and FNS can reduce cognitive decline post arrival at high altitude. They could be a potential pretreatment method for cognitive dysfunction resulted from high altitude.
Coronary artery rotation in native and stented porcine coronary arteries
Authors: Challa Karthik K. , Kansal Mayank M. , Frazin Leon , Nikanorov Alex , Kohler Robert , Martinsen Brad J. , Vidovich Mladen I. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIntroductionCoronary arteries are exposed to several complex biomechanical forces during the cardiac cycle. These biomechanical forces potentially contribute to both native coronary artery disease, development of atherosclerosis and eventual stent failure. The aim of the present study was to characterize and define coronary artery axial rotation and the effect of stent implantation on this biomechanical factor.MethodsIntravascular ultrasound (IVUS) images were obtained from porcine coronary arteries and analyzed in ultrasound analysis software used to evaluate myocardial strain and torsion in echocardiography. In this study the software was utilized for a novel application to evaluate coronary artery rotation and time‐to‐peak (TTP) rotation in porcine coronary arteries. Clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW) rotation of coronary arteries during the cardiac cycle and (TTP) rotation were measured.ResultsA total of 11 (4 LAD, 4 LCX, 3 RCA) coronary artery segments were independently analyzed pre‐ and post‐stent implantation for a total of 22 IVUS runs. CW and CCW rotation and TTP varied widely within coronary artery segments and between different coronary arteries. Stent implantation impacted degree, direction and TTP of coronary rotation. Measurement reliability was assessed and the intraclass correlation coefficient for maximum average CCW was 0.990 (95% confidence interval 0.980–0.996, P < 0.0001), indicating excellent agreement.ConclusionsCoronary arteries display wide spectrum of CW and CCW rotation during the cardiac cycle. Coronary stents impact the degree and direction of coronary artery rotation. The implications of these findings on development of atherosclerosis and stent failure require further investigation.
The trap and occlude technique for retrograde wire externalization during chronic total occlusion revascularization
Authors: Gasparini Gabriele L. , Oreglia Jacopo A. , Garbo Roberto 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDifferent strategies of retrograde approach were introduced in recent years to improve the success rate of percutaneous coronary intervention for coronary chronic total occlusions. The aim of this report is to describe a new technique, called “Trap and Occlude Technique,” for retrograde wire externalization during CTO percutaneous revascularization. This technique may save time and reduce radiation exposure and procedure‐related bleeding.
Expanded phenotype in a patient with spastic paraplegia 7
Authors: Gass Jennifer , Blackburn Patrick R. , Jackson Jessica , Macklin Sarah , van Gerpen Jay , Atwal Paldeep S. 
Published: August 2017

Key Clinical MessageHereditary spastic paraplegia is a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders, often characterized by weakness and spasticity in the lower limbs. In our study, we describe a spastic paraplegia type 7 patient with an expanded phenotype who was diagnosed after the discovery of pathogenic variants in SPG7.
Developmental progression of intellectual disability, autism, and epilepsy in a child with an IQSEC2 gene mutation
Authors: Zipper Rachelle , Baine Sherri D. , Genizi Jacob , Maoz Hen , Levy Nina S. , Levy Andrew P. 
Published: August 2017

Key Clinical MessageThe neurodevelopmental progression of a school‐aged child with a spontaneous IQSEC2 mutation has demonstrated apparent regression of milestones and language. Seizures associated with the disorder have been refractory to medical treatment. Late treatment of autism in this child has led to improved social skills.
Local Mass Transfer Phenomena and Chemical Selectivity of Gas‐Liquid Reactions in Capillaries
Authors: Krieger Waldemar , Lamsfuß Jan , Zhang Wei , Kockmann Norbert 
Published: August 2017

AbstractGas‐liquid reactions in microreactors play an important role in scientific research and industry. Enhancing heat and mass transfer allows overcoming mass transfer limitations in gas‐liquid reactions. Mass transfer can be further increased by employing helically coiled capillaries, which induce Dean vortices and improve radial mixing. A colorimetric technique is proposed for gas‐liquid reactions in straight and helically coiled capillaries in order to visualize local mass transfer phenomena and concentration distributions. This method is based on the consecutive oxidation of leuco‐indigo carmine and enables noninvasive investigation of mass transfer and chemical selectivity in microchannels with high temporal and spatial resolution.
Cyclohexyl Bromide and Iodide: Direct Reduction at Vitreous Carbon Cathodes together with Nickel(I) Salen‐ and Cobalt(I) Salen‐Catalyzed Reductions in Dimethylformamide
Authors: Gerroll Benjamin H. R. , Bird Sean P. , Martin Erin T. , Mubarak Mohammad S. , Peters Dennis G. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCyclic voltammetry and controlled‐potential (bulk) electrolysis have been used to study the direct electrochemical reduction of cyclohexyl bromide (1) and cyclohexyl iodide (2) at glassy carbon cathodes in dimethylformamide (DMF) containing 0.10 M tetramethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TMABF4). Direct reduction of 1 is a one‐step process that affords a carbanion intermediate, whereas 2 undergoes stepwise reduction to a radical and then a carbanion intermediate. Mixtures of cyclohexane, cyclohexene, and bicyclohexyl arise from bulk electrolyses of both 1 and 2. Catalytic reduction of 1 and 2 by nickel(I) salen and cobalt(I) salen electrogenerated at glassy carbon cathodes in DMF‐TMABF4 has been investigated with the aid of both cyclic voltammetry and bulk electrolysis. Products arising from these catalytic reductions are cyclohexane, cyclohexene, and bicyclohexyl, although significant amounts of unreduced 1 are found when cobalt(I) salen is utilized as the catalyst. Mechanistic aspects of the direct and catalyzed reductions of 1 and 2 are discussed.
Towards effective scheduling policies for many‐task applications: Practice and experience based on HTCaaS
Authors: Kim Jik‐Soo , Quang Bui , Rho Seungwoo , Kim Seoyoung , Kim Sangwan , Breton Vincent , Hwang Soonwook 
Published: August 2017

SummaryIn this paper, we conduct a comparative study of relatively simple yet effective scheduling policies for many‐task applications where multiple users with varying numbers of tasks are actively sharing a common system infrastructure. We have implemented three different scheduling mechanisms that can address fairness and user response time respectively in a common middleware stack called HTCaaS, which is a pilot‐job–based multi‐level scheduling system running on top of production‐level clusters. As a representative case of our many‐task applications, we have leveraged the virtual screening application, which is a computational technique used in drug discovery process to select the most promising candidate drugs for in vitro testing from millions of chemical compounds, which typically requires a substantial amount of computing resources and efficient processing of docking simulations. Our comparative experimental results of different scheduling policies show how we can effectively support multiple users in a shared resource environment by balancing between user satisfaction and overall system performance, provide guidelines to improve system utilization, and address additional technical challenges to support various many‐task applications.
Naphthalimide‐Containing Isomeric Urea Derivatives: Mechanoluminescence and Fluoride Recognition
Authors: Devi Kakali , Sarma Rupam J 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIsomeric ortho, meta and para naphthalimide–urea derivatives ND‐2U, ND‐3U and ND‐4U were synthesized and characterized. Upon gentle mechanical stimulation, the weakly emissive ortho isomeric sample ND‐2U was transformed into a yellow‐green emissive material (λem=500 nm), with Δλ≈125 nm. The mechanoluminescent emission of this isomer could be “switched off” by exposing the sample to solvent vapour. Moreover, ND‐2U could respond to fluoride anions in solution with a dramatic enhancement of fluorescence at λ=446 nm. The sigmoidal nature of the binding isotherm suggested cooperative binding of fluoride to the ortho isomer. 1H NMR spectroscopic studies provided vital insights into the nature of ND‐2U/F−complexation, highlighting the role of the proximal 1,8‐naphthalimide motif.
Fast iterative WSVT algorithm in WNN minimization problem for multiuser massive MIMO channel estimation
Authors: Vanidevi M. , Selvaganesan N. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryIn this paper, channel estimation for multiuser massive MIMO system is addressed for the scenario, where the number of scatterers is small compared to the base station antennas and single antenna users in the cell. If the number of scatterers is limited, then the corresponding angle of arrivals are finite. Moreover, if all the users share the same angle of arrivals, then the correlation among the channel vector increases. Thus, the high‐dimensional channel is approximated to the low‐rank matrix. This rank minimization problem is formulated as the weighted nuclear norm problem and is estimated using iterative weighted singular value thresholding (IWSVT) algorithm. To increase the convergence rate, fast IWSVT algorithm is proposed and the performance is measured based on mean square error and uplink and downlink achievable sum‐rate. The simulation study shows that the proposed weighted nuclear norm minimization method with fast IWSVT algorithm performs better than the conventional least square and the nuclear norm minimization method for various finite scatterers in different signal‐to‐noise ratio levels.