bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photovoltaic–Pyroelectric Coupled Effect Based Nanogenerators for Self‐Powered Photodetector System
Authors: Qi Jia , Ma Nan , Yang Ya 
Published: December 2017

AbstractFerroelectric material BiFeO3 with narrow bandgap of 2.67 eV can be more suitable to fabricate photodetectors instead of solar energy harvesters because of low energy conversion efficiency. Herein, a BiFeO3 film‐based self‐powered photodetector is reported by using the photovoltaic–pyroelectric coupled effect to enable a fast sensing of 450 nm light illumination. Compared with photovoltaic effect, the photosensitivity parameters including photoconductive gain, responsivity, and specific detectivity can be enhanced by more than 9.7 times at light intensity of 0.86 mW cm−2 by utilizing light‐induced photovoltaic–pyroelectric coupled effect. Moreover, a self‐powered photodetector array system is achieved to detect 450 nm light by analyzing the real‐time recorded output voltage signals as a mapping figure. In this work a new route to realize the performance enhancement of photodetector via photovoltaic–pyroelectric coupled effect on ferroelectric materials, which has great significance in extending the field of self‐powered photodetectors is described.
WO3‐Based Electrochromic Distributed Bragg Reflector: Toward Electrically Tunable Microcavity Luminescent Device
Authors: Xiao Lili , Lv Ying , Lin Jie , Hu Yongsheng , Dong Wenjie , Guo Xiaoyang , Fan Yi , Zhang Nan , Zhao Jialong , Wang Yunjun , Liu Xingyuan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe electroresponsive WO3‐based electrochromic distributed Bragg reflectors (ECDBRs) are fabricated by means of one‐step, room temperature glancing‐angle electron‐beam evaporation. The reflectance and Bragg wavelength of ECDBRs can be precisely and reversibly tailored on a large scale by simply applying a small bias voltage (±1.1 V) due to the electrochromic effect of the WO3 layer, and this unique character is utilized to construct an electrically tunable microcavity luminescent device with embedded green CdSe@ZnS quantum dots (QDs). Therefore, large and reversible modulation in terms of photoluminescence (PL) peak intensity (18–335%), PL peak position (from 510.3 to 525.8 nm), and full width at half maximum (from 21.8 to 11.4 nm) from QDs in microcavity are achieved under electrical stimulus. The results will potentially provide a straightforward voltage‐control route toward broadband tunable microcavity electroluminescent and lasing devices.
Swimming Back and Forth Using Planar Flagellar Propulsion at Low Reynolds Numbers
Authors: Khalil Islam S. M. , Tabak Ahmet Fatih , Hamed Youssef , Mitwally Mohamed E. , Tawakol Mohamed , Klingner Anke , Sitti Metin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPeritrichously flagellated Escherichia coli swim back and forth by wrapping their flagella together in a helical bundle. However, other monotrichous bacteria cannot swim back and forth with a single flagellum and planar wave propagation. Quantifying this observation, a magnetically driven soft two‐tailed microrobot capable of reversing its swimming direction without making a U‐turn trajectory or actively modifying the direction of wave propagation is designed and developed. The microrobot contains magnetic microparticles within the polymer matrix of its head and consists of two collinear, unequal, and opposite ultrathin tails. It is driven and steered using a uniform magnetic field along the direction of motion with a sinusoidally varying orthogonal component. Distinct reversal frequencies that enable selective and independent excitation of the first or the second tail of the microrobot based on their tail length ratio are found. While the first tail provides a propulsive force below one of the reversal frequencies, the second is almost passive, and the net propulsive force achieves flagellated motion along one direction. On the other hand, the second tail achieves flagellated propulsion along the opposite direction above the reversal frequency.
Applications of Phosphorene and Black Phosphorus in Energy Conversion and Storage Devices
Authors: Pang Jinbo , Bachmatiuk Alicja , Yin Yin , Trzebicka Barbara , Zhao Liang , Fu Lei , Mendes Rafael G. , Gemming Thomas , Liu Zhongfan , Rummeli Mark H. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe successful isolation of phosphorene (atomic layer thick black phosphorus) in 2014 has currently aroused the interest of 2D material researchers. In this review, first, the fundamentals of phosphorus allotropes, phosphorene, and black phosphorus, are briefly introduced, along with their structures, properties, and synthesis methods. Second, the readers are presented with an overview of their energy applications. Particularly in electrochemical energy storage, the large interlayer spacing (0.53 nm) in phosphorene allows the intercalation/deintercalation of larger ions as compared to its graphene counterpart. Therefore, phosphorene may possess greater potential for high electrochemical performance. In addition, the status of lithium ion batteries as well as secondary sodium ion batteries is reviewed. Next, each application for energy generation, conversion, and storage is described in detail with milestones as well as the challenges. These emerging applications include supercapacitors, photovoltaic devices, water splitting, photocatalytic hydrogenation, oxygen evolution, and thermoelectric generators. Finally the fast‐growing dynamic field of phosphorene research is summarized and perspectives on future possibilities are presented calling on the efforts of chemists, physicists, and material scientists
“Double‐hit” chronic lymphocytic leukemia: An aggressive subgroup with 17p deletion and 8q24 gain
Authors: Chapiro Elise , Lesty Claude , Gabillaud Clémentine , Durot Eric , Bouzy Simon , Armand Marine , Le Garff‐Tavernier Magali , Bougacha Nadia , Struski Stéphanie , Bidet Audrey , Laharanne Elodie , Barin Carole , Veronese Lauren , Prié Nolwen , Eclache Virginie , Gaillard Baptiste , Michaux Lucienne , Lefebvre Christine , Gaillard Jean‐Baptiste , Terré Christine , Penther Dominique , Bastard Christian , Nadal Nathalie , Fert‐Ferrer Sandra , Auger Nathalie , Godon Catherine , Sutton Laurent , Tournilhac Olivier , Susin Santos A. , Nguyen‐Khac Florence ,   GroupeFrancophone de Cytogénétique Hématologique(GFCH) and the French Innovative Leukemia Organization (FILO) group
Published: December 2017

AbstractChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with 17p deletion (17p‐) is associated with a lack of response to standard treatment and thus the worst possible clinical outcome. Various chromosomal abnormalities (including unbalanced translocations, deletions, ring chromosomes and isochromosomes) result in the loss of 17p and one copy of the TP53 gene. The objective of the present study was to determine whether the type of chromosomal abnormality leading to 17p‐ and the additional aberrations influenced the prognosis in a series of 195 patients with 17p‐CLL. Loss of 17p resulted primarily from an unbalanced translocation (70%) with several chromosome partners (the most frequent being chromosome 18q), followed by deletion 17p (23%), monosomy 17 (8%), isochromosome 17q [i(17q)] (5%) and a ring chromosome 17 (2%). In a univariate analysis, monosomy 17, a highly complex karyotype (≥5 abnormalities), and 8q24 gain were associated with poor treatment‐free survival, and i(17q) (P = .04), unbalanced translocations (P = .03) and 8q24 gain (P = .001) were significantly associated with poor overall survival. In a multivariate analysis, 8q24 gain remained a significant predictor of poor overall survival. We conclude that 17p deletion and 8q24 gain have a synergistic impact on outcome, and so patients with this “double‐hit” CLL have a particularly poor prognosis. Systematic, targeting screening for 8q24 gain should therefore be considered in cases of 17p‐ CLL.
Survival following salvage therapy for primary refractory peripheral T‐cell lymphomas (PTCL)
Authors: Zhang Janie Y. , Briski Robert , Devata Sumana , Kaminski Mark S. , Phillips Tycel J. , Mayer Tera L. , Bailey Nathanael G. , Wilcox Ryan A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOptimal salvage therapy for primary refractory peripheral T‐cell lymphomas (PTCL) and the role of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (SCT) remain poorly defined. We conducted a retrospective review of clinical outcomes and prognostic factors in a single‐center cohort of 93 patients with primary refractory PTCL, defined as progression during first‐line therapy or relapse within 6 months of its completion. Clinical outcomes were poor in this population, with median event‐free survival (EFS) of 3.5 months, median overall survival (OS) of 9.1 months, and 34% 3‐year survival. Outcomes were comparable in patients who progressed through first‐line therapy and patients who achieved CR/PR and subsequently relapsed within 6 months. A majority exhibited high‐risk features and had intermediate to high risk IPI, which correlated with inferior outcomes. There was no difference in outcomes between patients who received single‐agent salvage regimens and patients who underwent traditional, multi‐agent salvage regimens. Thus, participation in well‐designed clinical trials should be encouraged in this population. Additionally, there may be a trend toward improved EFS and OS in patients who underwent autologous or allogeneic SCT compared to patients who achieved CR or PR but were not transplanted.
Photobiokatalyse: Aktivierung von Redoxenzymen durch direkten oder indirekten Transfer photoinduzierter Elektronen
Authors: Lee Sahng Ha , Choi Da Som , Kuk Su Keun , Park Chan Beum 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBiokatalytische Umsetzungen rücken aufgrund der Vielfältigkeit der Enzyme, ihrer hohen katalytischen Aktivität und Spezifität und der milden Reaktionsbedingungen zunehmend in den Fokus einer “grünen” Synthesechemie. Der Ansatz, Sonnenenergie durch Kombination von Photokatalyse und Biokatalyse für die chemische Synthese nutzbar zu machen, bietet eine Möglichkeit, diesen “grünen” Prozess noch nachhaltiger zu gestalten. Oxidoreduktasen katalysieren die Umsetzung verschiedener Substrate durch den Austausch von Elektronen am aktiven Zentrum des Enzyms, meist mithilfe von Elektronenmediatoren. Aktuelle Fortschritte auf diesem Gebiet zeigen, dass photoinduzierter Elektronentransfer unter Einsatz organischer (oder anorganischer) Photosensibilisatoren ein breites Spektrum von Redoxenzymen aktivieren kann, welche in Folge wichtige Brennstoffe liefern (z. B. H2‐Bildung, CO2‐Reduktion) oder synthetisch relevante Reduktionen vermitteln (z. B. asymmetrische Reduktionen, Oxygenierungen, Hydroxylierungen, Epoxidierungen, Bayer‐Villiger‐Oxidation). Dieser Aufsatz gibt einen Überblick über aktuelle Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der Photoaktivierung von Redoxenzymen mittels direkter oder indirekter Übertragung photoinduzierter Elektronen.
Artificial β‐Double Helices from Achiral γ‐Peptides
Authors: Misra Rajkumar , Dey Sanjit , Reja Rahi M. , Gopi Hosahudya N. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDouble helices are not common in polypeptides and proteins except in the peptide antibiotic gramicidin A and analogous l,d‐peptides. In contrast to natural polypeptides, remarkable β‐double‐helical structures from achiral γ‐peptides built from α,β‐unsaturated γ‐amino acids have been observed. The crystal structures suggest that they adopted parallel β‐double helical structures and these structures are stabilized by the interstrand backbone amide H‐bonds. Furthermore, both NMR spectroscopy and fluorescence studies support the existence of double‐helical conformations in solution. Although a variety of folded architectures featuring distinct H‐bonds have been discovered from the β‐ and γ‐peptide foldamers, this is the first report to show that achiral γ‐peptides can spontaneously intertwine into β‐double helical structures.
Photobiocatalysis: Activating Redox Enzymes by Direct or Indirect Transfer of Photoinduced Electrons
Authors: Lee Sahng Ha , Choi Da Som , Kuk Su Keun , Park Chan Beum 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBiocatalytic transformation has received increasing attention in the green synthesis of chemicals because of the diversity of enzymes, their high catalytic activities and specificities, and mild reaction conditions. The idea of solar energy utilization in chemical synthesis through the combination of photocatalysis and biocatalysis provides an opportunity to make the “green” process greener. Oxidoreductases catalyze redox transformation of substrates by exchanging electrons at the enzyme′s active site, often with the aid of electron mediator(s) as a counterpart. Recent progress indicates that photoinduced electron transfer using organic (or inorganic) photosensitizers can activate a wide spectrum of redox enzymes to catalyze fuel‐forming reactions (e.g., H2 evolution, CO2 reduction) and synthetically useful reductions (e.g., asymmetric reduction, oxygenation, hydroxylation, epoxidation, Baeyer–Villiger oxidation). This Review provides an overview of recent advances in light‐driven activation of redox enzymes through direct or indirect transfer of photoinduced electrons.
Thermomechanical and electroactive behavior of a thermosetting styrene‐based carbon black shape‐memory composite
Authors: Lan Xin , Liu Liwu , Liu Yanju , Leng Jinsong 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTA thermosetting styrene‐based shape memory polymer (SMP) filled with nanoscale (30 nm) carbon black are prepared to reinforce the thermomechanical performances and realize the high‐efficient electronic actuation at macro scale due to the carbon–carbon network morphology at nano/micro scale. The elastic modulus of this thermosetting SMP composite is significant strengthened and can maintain at 1–2.5 GPa at around the room temperature, which is suitable for used as a structural material. The electronic resistivity decreases sharply at a quite low percolation threshold range (2–5%), and maintains at a relatively low and stable level of electronic resistivity. Furthermore, the electronic resistivity also exhibits relative stability in terms of the resistivity–temperature–time relationship and the evolution of resistivity upon heating–cooling cycles. This shape memory styrene‐based composite is suitable to be used as an electroactive functional material in realistic engineering. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45978.
Conformational changes after foaming in a protein‐based thermoplastic
Authors: Gavin Chanelle , Lay Mark C. , Verbeek Casparus J. R. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTNovatein is a biopolymer produced from blood meal and can be foamed for use as a packaging material. The effect of foaming on protein ordered structures such as α‐helices and β‐sheets was investigated using synchrotron Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Foaming caused a reduction in ordered structures due to an increase in random coils. FTIR also revealed a higher proportion of plasticizer (triethylene glycol, TEG) and β‐sheets toward the surface of enclosed bubbles. Increased TEG will assist foaming with greater plasticization aiding nucleation, while β‐sheets contribute to bubble stabilization. These structural changes occur as foaming takes place close to the degradation temperature of Novatein, and coincide with melting of α‐helices and/or β‐sheets. A more amorphous polymer is therefore produced which is subsequently easier to foam due to its increased elasticity. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46005.
Multilayer coextrusion of graphene polymer nanocomposites with enhanced structural organization and properties
Authors: Gao Yuqing , Picot Olivier T. , Tu Wei , Bilotti Emiliano , Peijs Ton 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTA potential advantage of platelet‐like nanofillers as nanocomposite reinforcements is the possibility of achieving two‐dimensional (2D) stiffening through planar orientation of the platelets. Forced assembly by multilayer coextrusion, which enables the in‐plane orientation of platelet‐like fillers in alternating layers, was used in this work to produce poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/graphene multilayer films. These films exhibited a multilayer structure made of alternating layers of neat PLA and PLA containing graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs). Electron microscopy revealed information on the orientation of the individual GNPs. X‐ray diffraction results indicated that the thickness of the individual GNPs was reduced during the multilayer coextrusion process. A significant reinforcement of 120% at an overall GNP loading of 1 wt % in PLA was achieved. This high effective reinforcement was attributed to the high degree of planar alignment, improved dispersion and exfoliation and increased aspect ratio of the GNPs in the composite layers after multilayer coextrusion. Improved water vapor barrier properties were also achieved as a result of the highly organized 2D nanofillers in the multilayer films. These industrial scalable multilayer nanocomposite films open up possibilities for lightweight and strong packaging materials for food and industrial applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46041.
Novel pyridine‐2,4,6‐tricarbohydrazide thiourea compounds as small key organic molecules for the potential treatment of type‐2 diabetes mellitus: In vitro studies against yeast α‐ and β‐glucosidase and in silico molecular modeling
Authors: Rehman Tanzeel Ur. , Riaz Sadaf , Khan Islam Ullah , Ashraf Muhammad , Bajda Marek , Gawalska Alicja , Yar Muhammad 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA range of novel pyridine‐2,4,6‐tricarbohydrazide thiourea compounds (4a–i) were synthesized in good to excellent yields (63–92%). The enzyme inhibitory potentials of these compounds were investigated against α‐ and β‐glucosidases because these enzymes play a crucial role in treating type‐2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). As compared to the reference compound acarbose (IC50 38.22 ± 0.12 μM), compounds 4i (IC50 25.49 ± 0.67 μM), 4f (IC50 28.91 ± 0.43 μM), 4h (IC50 30.66 ± 0.52 μM), and 4e (IC50 35.01 ± 0.45 μM) delivered better inhibition against α‐glucosidase and were quite inactive/completely inactive against β‐glucosidase. The structure–activity relationship of these compounds was developed and elaborated with the help of molecular docking studies.
Schutzzielbetrachtungen zum Brandverhalten von Außenwandbekleidungen (Teil 2)
Authors: Hauswaldt Sebastian , Kaudelka Sven 
Published: December 2017

AbstractInfolge der im ersten Teil vorgestellten Untersuchungsergebnisse zum Brandverhalten EPS‐basierter Wärmedämmverbundsysteme (WDVS) wurden Brandschutzanforderungen im Rahmen nationaler bauaufsichtlicher Zulassungen geändert. Im vorliegenden zweiten Teil wird eine Schutzzielbetrachtung zum Brandverhalten von Außenwandbekleidungen durchgeführt. Dazu wird der Zusammenhang zwischen Brandschutzanforderungen an Außenwandbekleidungen sowie Baustoffklassen dargestellt. Darüber hinaus werden die verwendeten Prüfverfahren verglichen und Unterschiede zwischen dem Schutzziel und der baurechtlichen Anforderung herausgearbeitet. Abschließend wird eine Möglichkeit der technischen Untersuchung einer begrenzten Brandausbreitung aufgezeigt.
Untersuchung der natürlichen Lüftung in traditionellen Gebäuden
Authors: Zhao Mosha , Mehra Schew‐Ram 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTraditionelle Gebäude sind durch die Verbindung baulicher Anforderungen und soziokultureller Bedürfnissen einer Gesellschaft gekennzeichnet. Die Nutzung natürlicher Ressourcen, wie Wind zur Kühlung und Lüftung, stellt dabei ein besonderes Merkmal traditioneller Bauweisen dar. In diesem Beitrag werden vorhandene analytische und numerische Methoden zur Untersuchung der natürlichen Lüftung in Gebäuden vorgestellt und diskutiert. Schwächen gängiger analytischer Methoden, wie die Volumenstrommodelle („Envelope flow models”), für Bauwerke mit großen Öffnungen werden aufgezeigt. Bei komplexen Gebäudestrukturen sind Methoden dieser Art nicht einfach anwendbar. Hierfür sollen andere Methoden, wie die CFD‐Simulation, zum Einsatz kommen. Für die Validierung der CFD‐Simulation wird im Anschluss auf zwei bereits durchgeführte Experimente zurückgegriffen. Die Ergebnisse können das Strömungsverhalten infolge des Windes sowie den thermischen Auftrieb in den untersuchten Beispielen realitätsnah wiedergeben. Im Anwendungsbeispiel wird für den weiteren Einsatz der CFD‐Simulation ein Gebäude mit Windturm dargestellt und diskutiert. Somit sollen Grundlagen für weitere Untersuchungen der natürlichen Lüftung für klima‐ und kulturgerechte Bauten geschaffen werden.
Zuschrift: Bauphysik 6/2017
Authors: Schmidt Christoph 
Published: December 2017

AbstractZu: Schmidt, C., Luther, G., Altgeld, H., Maas, S. Groß, B., Scholzen, F.: „Außenliegende Wandtemperierung” – LowEx‐Anwendung zur Temperierung von Bestandsgebäuden und thermischen Aktivierung der Bestandswand: theoretische Grundlagen und Kennwerte Bauphysik 39 (2017), H. 4, S. 215–223.
Birth defect survival for hispanic subgroups
Authors: Lopez Keila N. , Nembhard Wendy N. , Wang Ying , Liu Gang , Kucik James E. , Copeland Glenn , Gilboa Suzanne M. , Kirby Russell S. , Canfield Mark 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundPrevious studies demonstrate that infant and childhood mortality differ among children with birth defects by maternal race/ethnicity, but limited mortality information is published for Hispanic ethnic subgroups.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study using data for children with birth defects born to Hispanic mothers during 1999–2007 from 12 population‐based state birth defects surveillance programs. Deaths were ascertained through multiple sources. Survival probabilities were estimated by the Kaplan‐Meier method. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine the effect of clinical and demographic factors on mortality risk.ResultsAmong 28,497 Hispanic infants and children with major birth defects, 1‐year survival was highest for infants born to Cuban mothers at 94.6% (95% confidence intervals [CI] 92.7–96.0) and the lowest for Mexicans at 90.2% (95% CI 89.7–90.6; p < .0001). For children aged up to 8 years, survival remained highest for Cuban Americans at 94.1% (95% CI 91.8–95.7) and lowest for Mexican Americans at 89.2% (95% CI 88.7–89.7; p = .0002). In the multivariable analysis using non‐Hispanic White as the reference group, only infants and children born to Mexican mothers were noted to have a higher risk of mortality for cardiovascular defects.ConclusionsThis analysis provides a better understanding of survival and mortality for Hispanic infants and children with selected birth defects. The differences found in survival, particularly the highest survival rates for Cuban American children and lowest for Mexican American children with birth defects, underscores the importance of assessing Hispanic ethnic subgroups, as differences among subgroups appear to exist.