bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Invigoration and Capping of a Convective Rainband ahead of a Potential Vorticity Anomaly
Authors: Vaughan Geraint , Antonescu Bogdan , Schultz David M. , Dearden Christopher 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Deep convection frequently occurs on the eastern side of upper-level troughs, or potential vorticity (PV) anomalies. This is consistent with uplift ahead of a cyclonic PV anomaly, and consequent reduction in static stability and increase of convective available potential energy (CAPE). Nevertheless, the causal link between upper-level PV and deep convection has not been proven, and given that lift, moisture, and instability must all be present for deep convection to occur it is not clear that upper-level forcing is sufficient. In this paper a convective rainband that intensified ahead of a cyclonic PV anomaly in an environment with little CAPE (~10 J kg−1) is examined to determine the factors responsible for its intensification. The key feature was a low-level convergence line, arising from the remnants of an occluded front embedded in the low-level cyclonic flow. The rainband’s intensity and morphology was influenced by the remnants of a tropopause fold that capped convection at midlevels in the southern part of the band, and by a reduction in upper-level static stability in the northern part of the band that allowed the convection to reach the tropopause. Ascent ahead of the trough appears to have played only a minor role in conditioning the atmosphere to convection: in most cases the ascending airstream had previously descended in the flow west of the trough axis. Thus, simple “PV thinking” is not capable of describing the development of the rainband, and it is concluded that preexisting low-level wind and humidity features played the dominant role.
Pathologic Markers in Surgically Treated HPV-Associated Oropharyngeal Cancer: Retrospective Study, Systematic Review, and Meta-analysis
Authors: Tassone Patrick , Crawley Meghan , Bovenzi Cory , Zhan Tingting , Keane William , Cognetti David , Luginbuhl Adam , Curry Joseph 
Published: February 2017

Objective: Human papillomavirus–associated (HPV) oropharyngeal cancer is a unique clinical entity whose incidence is increasing. It is controversial whether traditional pathologic markers of aggressive head and neck cancer also apply in surgically treated HPV-associated disease. Study Design: Retrospective study, systematic review, and meta-analysis Data Sources: PubMed and Cochrane review. Review Methods: PubMed and Cochrane review were searched for published articles on surgically treated HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer. Eligible studies were included in a meta-analysis of survival using several clinicopathologic markers as predictors. Surgically treated HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer patients at our institution were studied retrospectively and added to the meta-analysis. Results: Eight published reports, plus our retrospective series, were included in the meta-analysis. This showed significant impact on event-free survival for T stage, nodal number, perineural invasion, and lymphovascular invasion (all P < .05) but not for N stage extracapsular extension ( P = ns). Conclusions: While many traditional clinico-pathologic markers of aggressive disease in head and neck cancer also impact survival in surgically treated HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer, extracapsular extension may be less important.
An exploratory study of the extent of social inclusion among people with psychosis and psychotic-related conditions
Authors: Turner Niall , Ferguson Lisa , Hill Michele , Nesbitt Tara , O’Callaghan Eadbhard , O’Mahony Paul , Clarke Mary 
Published: February 2017

Background: Understanding social inclusion among at-risk populations will deepen our understanding of their specific needs. Aim: This study explored the level of social inclusion among people with psychotic-related conditions using a standardised interview. Method: The Social Inclusion Interview Schedule was used in two research projects. People with psychosis participated in both studies and had been recruited as part of an Irish programme of research on psychotic conditions. Descriptive statistics were used to quantify participants’ level of social exclusion. Results: Data from 71 participants were available, 38 in one cohort and 33 in the other. The smaller cohort had a shorter mean duration of illness. Participants’ mean age was 40. The majority lived in the community and were satisfied with their living arrangements. In each cohort, the same two areas of community integration emerged as problematic – having something productive to do and being close to someone in the community. There was a higher level of perceived stigma among the cohort with the longer duration of illness. Discussion/Conclusion: While evidence of social inclusion was found among participants, there were areas of concern particularly with regard to integration into work and social connectedness.
Nerve Management and Crime Accomplishment
Authors: Jacobs Bruce A. , Cherbonneau Michael 
Published: February 2017

Objective: To examine the theoretical import of nerve management for offender decision-making and crime accomplishment. Methods: Data were culled from in-depth, semistructured interviews with 35 active auto thieves. Results: Nerve management is best considered an intervening exercise in the threat perception process that moderates the fear-offending relationship through its effect on nervousness. Offenders draw from both cognitive and presentational tactics to this end. Such tactics include self-medication, shunting, fatalism, smoothness, and lens widening. Conclusions: Since nervousness is both caused by sanction threats and produces conduct that potentially neutralizes those threats, nerve management is best considered an agentic response that modifies the perception of risk itself.
Relationship between white matter hyperintensities and retinal nerve fiber layer, choroid, and ganglion cell layer thickness in migraine patients
Authors: Iyigundogdu Ilkin , Derle Eda , Asena Leyla , Kural Feride , Kibaroglu Seda , Ocal Ruhsen , Akkoyun Imren , Can Ufuk 
Published: February 2017

Aim To compare the relationship between white matter hyperintensities (WMH) on brain magnetic resonance imaging and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), choroid, and ganglion cell layer (GCL) thicknesses in migraine patients and healthy subjects. We also assessed the role of cerebral hypoperfusion in the formation of these WMH lesions. Methods We enrolled 35 migraine patients without WMH, 37 migraine patients with WMH, and 37 healthy control subjects examined in the Neurology outpatient clinic of our tertiary center from May to December 2015. RFNL, choroid, and GCL thicknesses were measured by optic coherence tomography. Results There were no differences in the RFNL, choroid, or GCL thicknesses between migraine patients with and without WMH ( p > 0.05). Choroid layer thicknesses were significantly lower in migraine patients compared to control subjects ( p < 0.05), while there were no differences in RFNL and GCL thicknesses ( p > 0.05). Conclusions The ‘only cerebral hypoperfusion’ theory was insufficient to explain the pathophysiology of WMH lesions in migraine patients. In addition, the thinning of the choroid thicknesses in migraine patients suggests a potential causative role for cerebral hypoperfusion and decreased perfusion pressure of the choroid layer.
Previously undescribed vitamin D C-3 epimer occurs in substantial amounts in the blood of cats
Authors: Sprinkle Megan C , Hooper Sarah E , Backus Robert C 
Published: February 2017

Objectives The aim of this report is to describe the identification of a novel vitamin D metabolite, a C-3, alpha-epimer of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (3-epi-25(OH)D3), in serum and plasma extracts of cat blood and compare its abundance in cat, dog and rat serum to 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D3), a conventional marker of vitamin D status. Methods Serum 25(OH)D3 and 3-epi-25(OH)D3 concentrations were measured in healthy cohorts of cats (n = 8), dogs (n = 8) and rats (n = 17) using validated reverse and normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography methods. The methods were verified using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrophotometry. Dietary intake and dietary concentrations of vitamin D were also measured for evaluation of species differences and effect of dietary change on vitamin D metabolite concentrations. Differences between cat serum and plasma metabolite concentrations were determined. Results Detectable concentrations of 3-epi-25(OH)D3 were observed in all cats and rats. No 3-epi-25(OH)D3 was detected in dogs, where our limit of detection was 5 ng/ml. There were significant differences ( P <0.05) in serum concentrations of 25(OH)D3 and 3-epi-25(OH)D3 among species, with cats having the greatest concentrations of both metabolites. Serum and plasma results were not significantly different. A diet change, which resulted in an increase in vitamin D intake among the cats, affected serum concentration with an increase ( P = 0.004) in 3-epi-25(OH)D3 but no significant change in 25(OH)D3. Conclusions and relevance Serum and plasma of cats contain 3-epi-25(OH)D3 in varied and extraordinary concentrations, much greater than in rats and certainly than that of dogs, a species for which the metabolite was not detected. Importantly, this finding indicates a C-3 epimerization pathway is quantitatively significant for vitamin D metabolism in domestic cats, making 3-epi-25(OH)D3 assays essential for the evaluation of vitamin D status in cats and positioning the cat as a novel model for study of this pathway.
The Role of the Home Environment in Dementia Care and Support: Systematic review of Qualitative Research
Authors: Soilemezi Dia , Drahota Amy , Crossland John , Stores Rebecca 
Published: February 2017

Background The domestic home is the preferred site for care provision for people with dementia and their families, therefore creating a dementia and caring friendly home environment is crucial. This systematic review synthesised qualitative studies to explore the role of the home environment and identify potential barriers and facilitators in home dementia care and support to inform future practice and research. Methods A systematic search in 12 databases identified international qualitative literature on perceptions and experiences of community-dwelling people with dementia, family and formal carers regarding the role of the home environment and ways to tackle daily challenges. Results Forty qualitative studies were included and analysed using thematic synthesis. The main three themes were: ‘home as a paradox’, ‘there is no magic formula’ and ‘adapting the physical space, objects and behaviour’. Findings indicate that home is an important setting and is likely to change significantly responding to the changing nature of dementia. Themes were later validated by family carers of people with dementia. Conclusions The home environment is an important setting for care and needs to remain flexible to accommodate changes and challenges. Family carers and people with dementia implement and often improvise, various environmental strategies. Continuous and tailor-made support at home is required.
Effectiveness and safety of daptomycin in patients with infective endocarditis undergoing heart valve replacement: a subgroup analysis from real-world data
Authors: Guleri Achyut , Utili Riccardo , Dohmen Pascal , Hamed Kamal 
Published: February 2017

Background: European Cubicin® Outcomes Registry and Experience (EU-CORE) was a retrospective, non-interventional, multicenter registry that collected real-world clinical outcomes following daptomycin use for the treatment of Gram-positive infections. EU-CORE data from patients with infective endocarditis (IE) who underwent heart valve replacement were analysed. Methods: Clinical outcomes were assessed as success (cured or improved), failure, or non-evaluable. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded for up to 30 days after daptomycin treatment. Results: Of 610 patients with IE, 198 [32.5%; left-sided IE (LIE), 166 (83.8%); right-sided IE (RIE), 21 (10.6%); both LIE and RIE, 11 (5.6%)] underwent heart valve replacement. Other than cardiovascular disease, renal disease (18.2%), sepsis (16.2%), and diabetes mellitus (15.2%) were the most significant underlying diseases. Major pathogens in patients with positive culture results (68.0%) were Staphylococcus aureus [36.8%; methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), 12.8%] and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS; 31.6%). Daptomycin treatment [median duration (range), 21 days (1–112)] resulted in high clinical success in patients with S. aureus (88.4%; MRSA, 80.0%) and CoNS (81.1%) infections, with an overall success rate of 83.3%. Clinical success rate was high (90.0%) in patients who received daptomycin dose >6 mg/kg/day. Overall clinical success rate in patients followed for up to 2 years was 90.7%. AEs and serious AEs possibly related to daptomycin were reported in 6 (3.0%) and 4 (2.0%) patients, respectively. Conclusions: Daptomycin treatment was effective and well tolerated with a sustained response in patients with IE who underwent heart valve surgery. A trend towards better clinical outcomes was observed with higher daptomycin doses.
An intragenic deletion within CTNNA2 intron 7 in a boy with short stature and speech delay: A case report
Authors: Paganelli Valeria , Giordano Mara , Meazza Cristina , Schena Lucia , Bozzola Mauro 
Published: February 2017

Background/Objectives: Deletions on the short arm of chromosome 2 at bands p11 and p12 have been detected in association with short stature, mild mental retardation and speech delay. Results: We describe a 4 year-old boy with some facial dysmorphic traits, congenital malformations and pre- and post-natal growth failure. He also presented marked expressive language problems. The molecular karyotype revealed a 108 Kb deletion within the seventh intron of the CTNNA2 gene at 2p11.2-p12. We observed that some features (short stature, facial dysmorphisms and speech delay) were present in our patient and in patients carrying much larger overlapping deletions. Conclusions: The description of this small intragenic rearrangement might help to elucidate the role of the single genes included in the 2p11.2-p12 critical region.
A biomechanical analysis of tibial ACL reconstruction with graft length mismatch
Authors: Gaines Evan B , Lau Diana , Naziri Qais , Hayes Westley , Jauregui Julio J. , Kapadia Bhaveen H , Urban William P , Zikria Bashir A 
Published: February 2017

Introduction: The incidence of graft length mismatch (GLM) during anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is reported to be up to 13%, with a rate of 20% when using bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) allografts. Multiple techniques have been described to accommodate for the longer BPTB graft. As no study has compared the biomechanical properties of these methods (with cyclic loading), we evaluated the strength of four different surgical techniques used to accommodate for GLM during ACL reconstruction. Methods: A total of 32 fresh-frozen bovine tibiae and patellar tendons were divided into four groups based on the method of tibial graft fixation: (1) sutures tied over a post, (2) bone staples, (3) screws and washers, and (4) soft-tissue conversion with interference screw. Biomechanical testing was performed comparing the tensile properties of graft fixation techniques under cyclic loading. Ability to withstand 1500 cycles of load, the maximum tensile strength at load-to-failure, and the mode-of-failure were evaluated. Results: Only group 4 had all grafts intact after 1500 loading cycles, while the other groups had one graft failure at 338 (group 1), 240 (group 2), and 309 (group 3) cycles. The highest mean load-to-failure was observed in group 3 at 762 ± 173 N, which was found to be significantly higher than the other groups. The mean loads to failure in groups 1–4 were 453 ± 86 N, 485 ± 246 N, 762 ± 173 N, and 458 ± 128 N. Conclusion: While there are multiple viable techniques for fixation of a BPTB graft in the case of GLM, this study demonstrated that direct screw fixation offers the strongest construct.
Proposal of new classification of femoral trochanteric fracture by three-dimensional computed tomography and relationship to usual plain X-ray classification
Authors: Shoda Etsuo , Kitada Shimpei , Sasaki Yu , Hirase Hitoshi , Niikura Takahiro , Lee Sang Yang , Sakurai Atsushi , Oe Keisuke , Sasaki Takeharu 
Published: February 2017

Purpose: Classification of femoral trochanteric fractures is usually based on plain X-ray findings using the Evans, Jensen, or AO/OTA classification. However, complications such as nonunion and cut out of the lag screw or blade are seen even in stable fracture. This may be due to the difficulty of exact diagnosis of fracture pattern in plain X-ray. Computed tomography (CT) may provide more information about the fracture pattern, but such data are scarce. In the present study, it was performed to propose a classification system for femoral trochanteric fractures using three-dimensional CT (3D-CT) and investigate the relationship between this classification and conventional plain X-ray classification. Methods: Using three-dimensional (3D)-CT, fractures were classified as two, three, or four parts using combinations of the head, greater trochanter, lesser trochanter, and shaft. We identified five subgroups of three-part fractures according to the fracture pattern involving the greater and lesser trochanters. In total, 239 femoral trochanteric fractures (45 men, 194 women; average age, 84.4 years) treated in four hospitals were classified using our 3D-CT classification. The relationship between this 3D-CT classification and the AO/OTA, Evans, and Jensen X-ray classifications was investigated. Results: In the 3D-CT classification, many fractures exhibited a large oblique fragment of the greater trochanter including the lesser trochanter. This fracture type was recognized as unstable in the 3D-CT classification but was often classified as stable in each X-ray classification. Conclusions: It is difficult to evaluate fracture patterns involving the greater trochanter, especially large oblique fragments including the lesser trochanter, using plain X-rays. The 3D-CT shows the fracture line very clearly, making it easy to classify the fracture pattern.
Oral Health Care Guidelines, Training, and Resources among Stroke Care Providers
Authors: Ab.Malik N. , M.Yatim S. , Lam O.L.T. , Jin L. , McGrath C. 
Published: February 2017

During a stroke, the mouth tends to become an unhealthy place and may give rise to various life-threatening conditions. To this end, there have been repeated calls to incorporate oral hygiene guidelines and practices for hospitalized stroke patients to prevent aspiration pneumonia and improve patients’ oral health. The objective of the study was to determine health care providers’ practices of oral health care among patients hospitalized after an occurrence of stroke and to determine health care providers’ background and work environment effect on these practices. A cross-sectional study was conducted among stroke care providers in 13 public hospitals in Malaysia. The questionnaires distributed were self-administered, where nursing staff provided details of their oral health care practices for stroke patients. Information on the background of health care providers and work environment was also collected. Overall, a total of 780 responses from the registered nurses were obtained. Almost half of the respondents (48.1%) reported that they recommended toothbrushing twice or more per day to stroke patients. Two-thirds (64.7%) reported that they performed daily mouthwashing on their patient, while less than half (38.8%) reported daily oral hygiene assistance. Result of the analysis revealed that oral hygiene practices were significantly associated with having working wards ( P < 0.05), level of qualification ( P < 0.05), having oral health care guidelines ( P < 0.001), specific resources ( P < 0.05), and attending previous training in oral care ( P < 0.001). Provision of oral hygiene practices for hospitalized stroke patients is important. A lack of oral health care guidelines, support from dental professionals, specific resources, training, and assistance in daily oral care for patients is evident and detrimental to oral hygiene practices. The current findings have significant implications for new initiatives to support health care providers, particularly the registered nurses performing oral health care for hospitalized stroke patients. Knowledge Transfer Statement: This study may provide a basis of information for improving the delivery of oral health care to stroke patients. Enhancement in the training and improvement in the existing guidelines and resources is pivotal for the provision of better oral health care for the potential benefits to these patients, including their improved quality of life and disease prevention.
The cumulative burden of double-stranded DNA virus detection after allogeneic HCT is associated with increased mortality
Authors: Hill Joshua A. , Mayer Bryan T. , Xie Hu , Leisenring Wendy M. , Huang Meei-Li , Stevens-Ayers Terry , Milano Filippo , Delaney Colleen , Sorror Mohamed L. , Sandmaier Brenda M. , Nichols Garrett , Zerr Danielle M. , Jerome Keith R. , Schiffer Joshua T. , Boeckh Michael 
Published: February 2017

Key PointsWe demonstrate frequent plasma detection of multiple double-stranded DNA viruses after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. There was a dose-response relationship of the cumulative burden of virus exposure with early (days 0-100) and late (days 101-365) mortality.
A Partitioning Algorithm for Markov Decision Processes with Applications to Market Microstructure
Authors: Chen Ningyuan , Kou Steven , Wang Chun 
Published: February 2017

We propose a partitioning algorithm to solve a class of linear-quadratic Markov decision processes with inequality constraints and nonconvex stagewise cost; within each region of the partitioned state space, the value function and the optimal policy have analytical quadratic and linear forms, respectively. Compared to grid-based numerical schemes, the partitioning algorithm gives the closed-form solution without discretization error, and in many cases does not suffer from the curse of dimensionality. The algorithm is applied to two applications. In the main application, we present a model for limit order books with stochastic market depth to study the optimal order execution problem; stochastic market depth is consistent with empirical studies and necessary to accommodate various order activities. The optimal execution policy obtained by the algorithm significantly outperforms that of a deterministic market depth model in numerical examples. In the second application, we use the algorithm to compute the exact optimal solution to the renewable electricity management problem, for which previously only an approximate solution was known. As a comparison, we show that the approximate solution can be quite inaccurate for some initial states and thus demonstrate an advantage of the exact solution. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2639 . This paper was accepted by Yinyu-Ye, optimization.