bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Filters of floristic exchange: How traits and climate shape the rain forest invasion of Sahul from Sunda
Authors: Yap Jia‐Yee S. , Rossetto Maurizio , Costion Craig , Crayn Darren , Kooyman Robert M. , Richardson James , Henry Robert 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimTo evaluate how biogeographical and ecological processes influenced species distributions and community assembly in a continental rain forest flora with mixed biogeographical origins.LocationContinental Australia.MethodsWe identified 795 species with Sahul ancestry (Australian rain forest flora of Gondwanan origin) and 604 species with Sunda ancestry (rain forest plant lineages of Indo‐Malaysian origin) from a total of 1,872 free‐standing Australian woody rain forest taxa. We then compared the distribution of Sunda to Sahul species in relation to variation in species richness and phylogenetic endemism at continental scale, and local species distributions in available plot data from the Tropics (Cape York and the Australian Wet Tropics in northern Queensland) and subtropics (Nightcap‐Border Ranges, Washpool and Dorrigo, in northern New South Wales). We compared the dispersal and persistence characteristics, and key functional traits (leaf size, fruit size, wood density and maximum height at maturity) of the Sunda and Sahul components of the continental rain forest flora. The influence of climate (temperature) and local environmental (altitude) factors in driving fine‐scale distributional patterns was evaluated.ResultsSunda rain forest species richness decreased with increasing latitude but maintained high levels of endemism, including in the south. Sunda species traits suggest more efficient dispersal and faster growth than Sahul lineages. Resprouting (persistence) was less evident in species with Sunda than Sahul ancestry. We show that Sunda lineage distributions were influenced by interacting environmental and climatic factors, as well as historical contingencies.Main conclusionsEfficient dispersal and relatively fast growth likely facilitated the establishment and spread of Sunda lineages in Australia. However, the Sunda invasion was resisted in stable, saturated communities of Sahul lineages, and in the temperate south where climate acted as a strong filter. The results highlight the importance of integrating historical biogeography and contemporary ecological processes to study continental‐scale rain forest distribution and assembly.
Vicariance versus dispersal across Beringian land bridges to explain circumpolar distribution: A case study in plants with high dispersal potential
Authors: Maguilla Enrique , Escudero Marcial , Luceño Modesto 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimTo disentangle the importance of the Beringian land bridges during the Pliocene and Quaternary periods in order to explain the current distribution of circumpolar plants with potential for long‐distance dispersal.LocationCircumpolar (Arctic and Antarctic).MethodsWe sampled all extant species in Carex section Glareosae (26 species and 2 subspecies) and analysed 14 DNA regions, including the nrDNA regions ETS and ITS, three nuclear single‐copy genes (CATP, G3PDH and GZF), and nine cpDNA regions: 5′trnK intron, atpIH, matK, ndhJ‐trnF, psbA‐trnH, rpl32‐trnL, rps16, trnC‐ycf6 and ycf6‐psbM. After testing for outlier proportions, we used Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood and a species‐tree approach to infer phylogenetic relationships between species; divergence times were estimated using Beast2. We then performed biogeographical analyses using “BioGeoBEARS” to estimate ancestral areas by means of reticulate models. Finally, lineage through time (LTT) and diversification pattern analyses were performed using Bamm.ResultsCarex section Glareosae is a monophyletic group that diverged c. 6.56 Ma (4.54–8.51 Ma at 95% highest posterior density interval). We show that within‐area cladogenetic speciation events and anagenetic dispersal (including some vicariance events) play an important role in shaping distribution in species with potential for long‐distance dispersal. Diversification patterns show constant diversification rates over time.Main conclusionsThe Bering Strait may have played an important role in shaping the current distribution of the species in the section, facilitating dispersal between Asia and North America during glacial periods when the Beringian land bridges were open. Nevertheless, we cannot discount long‐distance dispersal as an alternative major force shaping the species distribution in the section.
Great theories of species diversity in space and why they were forgotten: The beginnings of a spatial ecology and the Nordic early 20th‐century botanists
Authors: Tjørve Even , Calf Tjørve Kathleen M. , Šizlingová Eva , Šizling Arnošt Leoš 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSometimes, we stumble over literature revealing that well‐known and groundbreaking theories have previously been proposed by earlier researchers. Going back to the 1920s and a group of Nordic botanists, we discovered that they had already accomplished much of what theoretical ecologists and biographers, especially Americans, did half a century later. In order to restore their legacy and understand why the work of the early spatial ecologists in Scandinavia and Finland was forgotten, we examined their publications, recalculated some of their results from their original data and compared these to the more recent independent discoveries of these theories. These Nordic early 20th‐century botanists worked with sample areas (mainlands) as well as island systems, examining spatial patterns and foreseeing or even building probabilistic approaches to species–area relationships (SARs), occupancy‐frequency distributions (OFDs) and species‐to‐genus (S/G) ratios. Many theories in spatial ecology and biogeography are linked to the SAR, such as MacArthur and Wilson's equilibrium theory of island biogeography (based on colonization and extinction), Darlington's rule of thumb, Preston's canonical hypothesis, Diamond's rules of reserve design, and Coleman's random‐placement theory. However, many of the most important SAR‐based theories—as the mathematical shape of both mainland and island SARs as well as rules of thumb, colonization rates on islands, and the random‐placement theory—had already been discovered or discussed in the 1920s by members of the Stockholm group which included the Swedes Gunnar Romell, Olof Arrhenius, Harald Kylin, and The Svedberg, and a Finn, Widar Brenner. The notion of stochastic S/G ratios and the idea that distance affects colonization rates can be traced back to another Finn, Alvar Palmgren. Great theories like these may disappear, if they are, as these, buried in obscure journals or written in languages other than English. There was also almost no audience in the 1920s and 30s, as mathematical theories were less acceptable at that time. Perhaps even more importantly, a devastating dispute (“The Great Polemic”) arose between the Stockholm group of theoretically and mathematically inclined botanists and the Uppsala group of descriptive phytosociologists. The fight, in which the Uppsala group won, was more a political and sociological than an intellectual one. As a result, not only the budding discipline of spatial ecology faded into oblivion but also the researchers were lost to science, at least to spatial ecology and biogeography, and descriptive and taxonomic approaches came to dominate Nordic ecology right up to the 1960s.
Rock art provides new evidence on the biogeography of kudu (Tragelaphus imberbis), wild dromedary, aurochs (Bos primigenius) and African wild ass (Equus africanus) in the early and middle Holocene of north‐western Arabia
Authors: Guagnin Maria , Shipton Ceri , el‐Dossary Sarah , al‐Rashid Moudhy , Moussa Farès , Stewart Mathew , Ott Florian , Alsharekh Abdullah , Petraglia Michael D. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimOur knowledge of the prehistoric distribution of animal species is so far largely dependent on the location of excavated archaeological and palaeontological sites. In the absence of excavated faunal remains, many species that were present in the Levant and North Africa have been assumed to have been absent on the Arabian Peninsula. Here, we explore representations of four species that were identifiable in the rock art, but had not previously been reported in north‐western Arabia.LocationJubbah and Shuwaymis UNESCO world heritage rock art sites in Ha'il province, north‐western Saudi Arabia.MethodsIn total, the rock art panels surveyed and recorded in Jubbah and Shuwaymis contain 6,618 individual animal depictions. Species were identified based on diagnostic features of the anatomy. The resulting dataset was then compared to the faunal spectrum reported in the (archaeo)zoological literature.ResultsThe rock art dataset provides evidence that the distributions of lesser kudu (Tragelaphus imberbis), wild camel and African wild ass (Equus africanus) extended into the north‐west of Arabia and that the engravers may have had knowledge of aurochs (Bos primigenius).Main conclusionsThe presence of previously undocumented mammal species in Arabia provides new information regarding their distribution, as well as the types of habitat and vegetation that were available in prehistoric landscapes. Moreover, the presence of kudu on the Arabian Peninsula indicates that the identification of palaeo‐distributions based exclusively on faunal remains may miss key species in the Afro‐Eurasian faunal exchange.
Spatial patterns and climate relationships of major plant traits in the New World differ between woody and herbaceous species
Authors: Šímová Irena , Violle Cyrille , Svenning Jens‐Christian , Kattge Jens , Engemann Kristine , Sandel Brody , Peet Robert K. , Wiser Susan K. , Blonder Benjamin , McGill Brian J. , Boyle Brad , Morueta‐Holme Naia , Kraft Nathan J. B. , van Bodegom Peter M. , Gutiérrez Alvaro G. , Bahn Michael , Ozinga Wim A. , Tószögyová Anna , Enquist Brian J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimDespite several recent efforts to map plant traits and to identify their climatic drivers, there are still major gaps. Global trait patterns for major functional groups, in particular, the differences between woody and herbaceous plants, have yet to be identified. Here, we take advantage of big data efforts to compile plant species occurrence and trait data to analyse the spatial patterns of assemblage means and variances of key plant traits. We tested whether these patterns and their climatic drivers are similar for woody and herbaceous plants.LocationNew World (North and South America).MethodsUsing the largest currently available database of plant occurrences, we provide maps of 200 × 200 km grid‐cell trait means and variances for both woody and herbaceous species and identify environmental drivers related to these patterns. We focus on six plant traits: maximum plant height, specific leaf area, seed mass, wood density, leaf nitrogen concentration and leaf phosphorus concentration.ResultsFor woody assemblages, we found a strong climate signal for both means and variances of most of the studied traits, consistent with strong environmental filtering. In contrast, for herbaceous assemblages, spatial patterns of trait means and variances were more variable, the climate signal on trait means was often different and weaker.Main conclusionTrait variations for woody versus herbaceous assemblages appear to reflect alternative strategies and differing environmental constraints. Given that most large‐scale trait studies are based on woody species, the strikingly different biogeographic patterns of herbaceous traits suggest that a more synthetic framework is needed that addresses how suites of traits within and across broad functional groups respond to climate.
Preoperative Cognitive Impairment As a Predictor of Postoperative Outcomes in a Collaborative Care Model
Authors: Zietlow Kahli , McDonald Shelley R. , Sloane Richard , Browndyke Jeffrey , Lagoo‐Deenadayalan Sandhya , Heflin Mitchell T. 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesTo compare postoperative outcomes of individuals with and without cognitive impairment enrolled in the Perioperative Optimization of Senior Health (POSH) program at Duke University, a comanagement model involving surgery, anesthesia, and geriatrics.DesignRetrospective analysis of individuals enrolled in a quality improvement program.SettingTertiary academic center.ParticipantsOlder adults undergoing surgery and referred to POSH (N = 157).MeasurementsCognitive impairment was defined as a score less than 25 out of 30 (adjusted for education) on the St. Louis University Mental Status (SLUMS) Examination. Median length of stay (LOS), mean number of postoperative complications, rates of postoperative delirium (POD, %), 30‐day readmissions (%), and discharge to home (%) were compared using bivariate analysis.ResultsSeventy percent of participants met criteria for cognitive impairment (mean SLUMS score 20.3 for those with cognitive impairment and 27.7 for those without). Participants with and without cognitive impairment did not significantly differ in demographic characteristics, number of medications (including anticholinergics and benzodiazepines), or burden of comorbidities. Participants with and without cognitive impairment had similar LOS (P = .99), cumulative number of complications (P = .70), and 30‐day readmission (P = .20). POD was more common in those with cognitive impairment (31% vs 24%), but the difference was not significant (P = .34). Participants without cognitive impairment had higher rates of discharge to home (80.4% vs 65.1%, P = .05).ConclusionOlder adults with and without cognitive impairment referred to the POSH program fared similarly on most postoperative outcomes. Individuals with cognitive impairment may benefit from perioperative geriatric comanagement. Questions remain regarding the validity of available measures of cognition in the preoperative period.
Advances and current challenges in calcium signaling
Authors: Kudla Jörg , Becker Dirk , Grill Erwin , Hedrich Rainer , Hippler Michael , Kummer Ursula , Parniske Martin , Romeis Tina , Schumacher Karin 
Published: January 2018

Content

Summary
414

I.
Introduction
415

II.
Ca2+ importer and exporter in plants
415

III.
The Ca2+ decoding toolkit in plants
415

IV.
Mechanisms of Ca2+ signal decoding
417

V.
Immediate Ca2+ signaling in the regulation of ion transport
418

VI.
Ca2+ signal integration into long‐term ABA responses
419

VII
Integration of Ca2+ and hormone signaling through dynamic complex modulation of the CCaMK/CYCLOPS complex
420

VIII
Ca2+ signaling in mitochondria and chloroplasts
422

IX
A view beyond recent advances in Ca2+ imaging
423

X
Modeling approaches in Ca2+ signaling
424

XI
Conclusions: Ca2+ signaling a still young blooming field of plant research
424

Acknowledgements
425

ORCID
425

References
425

SummaryTemporally and spatially defined changes in Ca2+ concentration in distinct compartments of cells represent a universal information code in plants. Recently, it has become evident that Ca2+ signals not only govern intracellular regulation but also appear to contribute to long distance or even organismic signal propagation and physiological response regulation. Ca2+ signals are shaped by an intimate interplay of channels and transporters, and during past years important contributing individual components have been identified and characterized. Ca2+ signals are translated by an elaborate toolkit of Ca2+‐binding proteins, many of which function as Ca2+ sensors, into defined downstream responses. Intriguing progress has been achieved in identifying specific modules that interconnect Ca2+ decoding proteins and protein kinases with downstream target effectors, and in characterizing molecular details of these processes. In this review, we reflect on recent major advances in our understanding of Ca2+ signaling and cover emerging concepts and existing open questions that should be informative also for scientists that are currently entering this field of ever‐increasing breath and impact.
Intraspecific differences in plant defense induction by fall armyworm strains
Authors: Acevedo Flor E. , Peiffer Michelle , Ray Swayamjit , Meagher Robert , Luthe Dawn S. , Felton Gary W. 
Published: January 2018

Summary

The underlying adaptive mechanisms by which insect strains are associated with specific plants are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of herbivore‐induced defenses in the host plant association of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) strains.

We tested the expression of herbivore‐induced defense‐related genes and the activity of plant‐defensive proteins in maize and Bermuda grass upon feeding by fall armyworm strains.

The rice strain caterpillars induced greater accumulation of proteinase inhibitors in maize than the corn strain caterpillars. In Bermuda grass, feeding by the corn strain suppressed induction of trypsin inhibitor activity whereas the rice strain induced greater activity levels. Differences in elicitation of these plant defenses by the two strains seems to be due to differences in the activity levels of the salivary enzyme phospholipase C. The levels of plant defense responses were negatively correlated with caterpillar growth, indicating a fitness effect.

Our results indicate that specific elicitors in the saliva of fall armyworm stains trigger differential levels of plant defense responses that affect caterpillar growth and thus may influence host plant associations in field conditions. The composition and secretion of plant defense elicitors may have a strong influence in the host plant association of insect herbivores.
How leaves of mycoheterotrophic plants evolved – from the view point of a developmental biologist
Authors: Tsukaya Hirokazu 
Published: January 2018

SummaryHow mycoheterotrophs have evolved and how they are sustained are enigmas. Structural analyses of the plastid genome and phylogenetic analyses of mycoheterotrophs have been used to identify mycorrhizal fungi. Molecular genetic studies have also revealed the mechanism for plant–fungi interactions. However, the evolution of the small, scale‐like vegetative leaves of mycoheterotrophs is unknown. As almost all genes determining leaf size affect the floral organ sizes, it is highly implausible that loss‐of‐function mutations in leaf size regulators caused the evolution of smaller foliage leaves in mycoheterotrophs. In this Viewpoint, possible evolutionary scenarios of scale‐like leaves in mycoheterotrophs are discussed from the perspective of developmental genetics of leaves in model plants, including: vegetative phase‐specific changes in expression of leaf size regulator(s); the change from foliage leaves to scale‐like lateral organs; and expression of suppressor(s) involved in organ development. These possibilities can be tested in future studies. This approach will provide a new research field in the developmental biology of plants.
Routine use of Day 6 and Day 7 platelets with rapid testing: two hospitals assess impact 1 year after implementation
Authors: Harm Sarah K. , Szczepiorkowski Zbigniew M. , Dunbar Nancy M. 
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUNDIn March 2016 the US Food and Drug Administration published a draft guidance to enhance the safety of platelets (PLTs) for transfusion. Options for hospital transfusion services include the use of rapid testing to extend apheresis PLT dating for up to 7 days. This report describes the impact of routine use of Day 6 and Day 7 PLTs at two hospital transfusion services 1 year after implementation of rapid testing for outdate extension.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSPLT transfusion and inventory data were obtained from two hospital‐based transfusion services for 12 months before and 12 months after implementation of rapid testing to extend the outdate of apheresis PLTs to 7 days.RESULTSThe outdate rate decreased from 5% to 2% (p < 0.0001) at Hospital 1 and 28% to 14% (p < 0.001) at Hospital 2 after implementation of routine use of Day 6 and Day 7 PLTs. The proportion of apheresis PLT units that underwent secondary screening for bacterial contamination before transfusion in the postimplementation period increased from 33% to 54% at Hospital 1 and from 0% to 31% at Hospital 2.CONCLUSIONA significant decrease in outdate rate was observed after routine use of Day 6 and Day 7 PLTs. Use of rapid testing to extend PLT outdate also resulted in a larger proportion of PLTs that underwent secondary testing for bacterial contamination before transfusion. These observations demonstrate that use of rapid testing to extend apheresis PLT dating up to 7 days enhances the safety of PLTs for transfusion and decreases wastage of a limited resource.
How to Profit From Declines of Share Prices without Shorting Them
Authors: Zaremba Leszek 
Published: January 2018

We present a 1-period model of the Polish financial market from the view point of the largest Polish company KGH, whose share prices declined from 119 PLN on June 1, 2015 to 68 PLN on December 2, 2015. Our goal is to show how KGHM might create portfolios (with practically zero cost), which would (almost) fully compensate these declines without, what is very important, short sale of KGHM’s shares. The presented methodology is equally suitable in any country for all those companies for which options on their shares are also tradable. We employ here a matrix model of a fraction of the Polish financial market and make use of the Black–Scholes formula to valuate 3 portfolios replicating 3 desired by KGHM, but not available on the market, financial instruments. To give more insight to the readers, we distinguish two cases. In one of them, volatility of KGHM’s share prices is 33%, and in the other case it equals 20%.
Intimate partner violence and pregnancy spacing: results from a meta-analysis of individual participant time-to-event data from 29 low-and-middle-income countries
Authors: Maxwell Lauren , Nandi Arijit , Benedetti Andrea , Devries Karen , Wagman Jennifer , García-Moreno Claudia 
Published: January 2018

IntroductionInadequately spaced pregnancies, defined as pregnancies fewer than 18 months apart, are linked to maternal, infant, and child morbidity and mortality, and adverse social, educational and economic outcomes in later life for women and children. Quantifying the relation between intimate partner violence (IPV) and women’s ability to space and time their pregnancies is an important part of understanding the burden of disease related to IPV.MethodsWe applied Cox proportional hazards models to monthly data from the Demographic and Health Surveys’ Reproductive Health Calendar to compare interpregnancy intervals for women who experienced physical, sexual and/or emotional IPV in 29 countries. We conducted a one-stage meta-analysis to identify the periods when women who experienced IPV were at the highest risk of unintended and incident pregnancy, and a two-stage meta-analysis to explore cross-country variations in the magnitude of the relation between women’s experience of IPV and pregnancy spacing.ResultsFor the one-stage analysis, considering 52 959 incident pregnancies from 90 446 women, which represented 232 394 person-years at risk, women’s experience of IPV was associated with a 51% increase in the risk of pregnancy (95% CI 1.38 to 1.66), although this association decreased over time. When limiting our inference to unintended pregnancies that resulted in live births, women’s experience of IPV was associated with a 30% increase in the risk of unintended pregnancy (95% CI 1.25 to 1.34; n=13 541 pregnancies, 92 848 women, 310 319 person-years at risk). In the two-stage meta-analyses, women’s experience of IPV was associated with a 13% increase in the probability of incident pregnancy (95% CI 1.07 to 1.20) and a 28% increase in the likelihood of unintended pregnancy (95% CI 1.19 to 1.38).ConclusionsAcross countries, women’s experience of IPV is associated with a reduction in time between pregnancies and an increase in the risk of unintended pregnancy; the magnitude of this effect varied by country and over time.