bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic analysis of the regulatory roles of microRNAs in postnatal maturation and metergasis of liver of breeder cocks
Authors: Wu Shengru , Guo Wei , Liang Saisai , Lu Hong , Sun Wenqiang , Ren Xiaochun , Sun Qingzhu , Yang Xiaojun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe liver function of chickens is intensively remodeled from birth to adult, which was validated by metabolomics research in the present study. In order to understand the roles of microRNAs (miRNA) in liver maturation and metergasis, miRNA expression profiles in livers of 20 male chicks aged one day and five adult cocks aged 35 weeks were determined. A total of 191 differentially expressed miRNAs with the criteria of P < 0.05 and fold changes either >1.5 or <0.67 and 32 differentially expressed miRNAs with the criteria of false discovery value (FDR) < 0.05 and fold changes either >1.5 or <0.67 were detected. Subsequently, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses of the targets revealed that candidate miRNAs may involve in the regulation of hepatic metabolism and immune functions, and some pathways including cell cycle which were implicated in postnatal liver development. Furthermore, 1211 differentially expressed mRNAs (messenger RNA) in livers between the postnatal and matured chickens were used to define the roles of differentially expressed miRNAs in regulating the expression of target genes. Our results revealed the first miRNA profile related to the adaption of mature liver functions after birth in breeder cock.
The Evolving Role of MicroRNAs in Endothelial Cell Dysfunction in Response to Infection
Authors: Watkin Rebecca , Fitzpatrick Glenn , Kerrigan Steve 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe microRNAs are short noncoding RNA molecules responsible for translational repression and silencing of target genes via binding to the mRNA. They are found in all eukaryotic cells and play a critical role in virtually all physiological processes, including within the cardiovascular system where they influence cellular development, differentiation, cardiovascular function, hemostasis, and programmed cell death. Dysregulated microRNA expression is associated with several conditions ranging from cancer and autoimmune disease to infection. Progressively, it has become increasingly clear that microRNAs are important components of the host response to microbes. The cardiovascular system, coupled with cells of the innate immune system, provide the initial interaction and first response to microbial infection, respectively. This review presents the current state of knowledge regarding the role of microRNAs with emphasis on their role in controlling endothelial cell function.
Metabolic Responses of Meniscus to IL-1β
Authors: Cook Alex , Cook James , Stoker Aaron 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis article identifies the potential mechanisms of action for meniscal degeneration in response to joint inflammation and potential contributions of the meniscus to the development and progression of osteoarthritis (OA). It was hypothesized that interleukin-1β (IL-1β) stimulation of meniscal explants would result in significant increases in nitric oxide (NO), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) production and activity, and relevant cytokine production compared with controls. Canine meniscal explants (4 mm) were cultured for 21 days with (IL-1) or without (negative control [NC]) 50 ng/mL rcIL-1β (n = 6/group). Media were changed every 3 days and analyzed for MMP activity, ADAMTS-4 activity, MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-13, NO, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), IL-6, IL-8, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC) concentrations. Media NO and PGE2 concentrations were significantly higher in the IL-1 group at all time points except for days 9 and 12. The concentrations of MMP-13 were significantly higher in the IL-1 group at days 3, 6, 9, and 12. The production of MMP-2 was significantly lower in the IL-1 group on days 3 through 15. ADAMTS4 activity was significantly higher in the IL-1 group on days 6 through 18. MMP-3 concentrations and general MMP activity were significantly higher in the IL-1 group at all time points. Concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and KC were significantly higher in the IL-1 group at most time points. Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) content decreased significantly (p = 0.009) in the IL-1 group compared with the NC group. Proinflammatory mediators appear to directly influence degradative processes in the meniscus, which in turn contribute to development and progression of OA by production of proinflammatory and degradative mediators. These findings have important clinical implications for the management of the degenerative meniscus and the osteoarthritic knee.
Preservation of the genetic diversity of a local common carp in the agricultural heritage rice–fish system
Authors: Ren Weizheng , Hu Liangliang , Guo Liang , Zhang Jian , Tang Lu , Zhang Entao , Zhang Jiaen , Luo Shiming , Tang Jianjun , Chen Xin 
Published: January 2018

Significance
This paper contributes to understanding how traditional agriculture can maintain large genetic diversity. We quantify the effects of traditional farmer activities on the genetic diversity of an indigenous common carp in the 1,200-y-old agriculture heritage rice−fish system. We show that small farmer households interdependently incubating fish fry for their rice−fish farming shape the genetic pattern and help to maintain high genetic diversity of this local common carp. We also show how the traditional practice of mixed culturing of diverse color types potentially promotes genetic diversity. We suggest that the locally adapted ways of traditional farmers obtaining and using local genetic resources for their farming play an important role in the biodiversity of farmed crops and animals. It can become a “hotspot” for genetic diversity conservation in agriculture.
Lymphocytes eject interferogenic mitochondrial DNA webs in response to CpG and non-CpG oligodeoxynucleotides of class C
Authors: Ingelsson Björn , Söderberg Daniel , Strid Tobias , Söderberg Anita , Bergh Ann-Charlotte , Loitto Vesa , Lotfi Kourosh , Segelmark Mårten , Spyrou Giannis , Rosén Anders 
Published: January 2018

Significance
Release of pathogen- and danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs and DAMPs) contributes to inflammatory responses and antiviral signaling. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a potent DAMP molecule observed in blood circulation of trauma, autoimmune, HIV, and certain cancer patients. Here, we report a previously unrecognized lymphocyte feature that CpG and non-CpG oligodeoxynucleotides of class C promptly induce release of mtDNA as extracellular web-like structures. Lymphocyte mtDNA webs provoked antiviral type I IFN production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells but were devoid of bactericidal proteins. Notably, cells remained viable after the release. Our findings imply an alternative role for lymphocytes in antiviral signaling by utilizing their mtDNA as a rapid signaling molecule to communicate danger.
Graphene-based bimorphs for micron-sized, autonomous origami machines
Authors: Miskin Marc Z. , Dorsey Kyle J. , Bircan Baris , Han Yimo , Muller David A. , McEuen Paul L. , Cohen Itai 
Published: January 2018

Significance
We build origami machines the size of cells by folding them out of atomically thin paper. At the heart of our approach is an actuator technology made from graphene and a nanometer-thick layer of glass. We use these actuators to fold 2D patterns into targeted 3D structures. The resulting machines are freely deployed in solutions, can change shape in fractions of a second, carry loads large enough to support embedded electronics, and can be fabricated en masse. This work opens the door to a generation of small machines for sensing, robotics, energy harvesting, and interacting with biological systems on the cellular level.
High fire-derived nitrogen deposition on central African forests
Authors: Bauters Marijn , Drake Travis W. , Verbeeck Hans , Bodé Samuel , Hervé-Fernández Pedro , Zito Phoebe , Podgorski David C. , Boyemba Faustin , Makelele Isaac , Cizungu Ntaboba Landry , Spencer Robert G. M. , Boeckx Pascal 
Published: January 2018

Significance
Atmospheric N deposition affects productivity and biodiversity of forests worldwide. However, field-based estimates of atmospheric N deposition for tropical forests are extremely sparse. Our results from a monitoring network in the central Congo Basin exceed current regional N deposition simulations. Ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry and modeling techniques reveal that savannah biomass burning is the main source for this elevated atmospheric N deposition. Furthermore, a large fraction is deposited as organic N, which is typically not simulated or measured in monitoring networks. These high levels of N deposition have clear ramifications for the ecology and biogeochemistry of the Congo Basin.
Gene regulation and suppression of type I interferon signaling by STAT3 in diffuse large B cell lymphoma
Authors: Lu Li , Zhu Fen , Zhang Meili , Li Yangguang , Drennan Amanda C. , Kimpara Shuichi , Rumball Ian , Selzer Christopher , Cameron Hunter , Kellicut Ashley , Kelm Amanda , Wang Fangyu , Waldmann Thomas A. , Rui Lixin 
Published: January 2018

Significance
We demonstrate that STAT3 is a critical transcriptional regulator of the activated B cell–like subtype of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (ABC DLBCL), the most common, aggressive, non-Hodgkin lymphoma. By genome-wide assessment, we have identified target genes of STAT3. Gene regulation by STAT3 in ABC DLBCL accentuates survival signaling pathways while dampening the lethal type I interferon pathway. Knowledge of these STAT3-regulated genes has led to our demonstration that a small-molecule inhibitor in the JAK1-STAT3 signaling pathway synergizes with the type I interferon inducer lenalidomide, suggesting a new therapeutic strategy for ABC DLBCL, a subtype that is particularly difficult to treat and has poor prognosis.
Transcription factor Pebbled/RREB1 regulates injury-induced axon degeneration
Authors: Farley Jonathan E. , Burdett Thomas C. , Barria Romina , Neukomm Lukas J. , Kenna Kevin P. , Landers John E. , Freeman Marc R. 
Published: January 2018

Significance
Known regulators of Wallerian degeneration appear to function locally in distal axons after axotomy to drive axon destruction. How competence to undergo axon death is established, and whether different subsets of neurons use alternate genetic programs to execute axon death, remains unclear. In this study, we show the transcription factor Pebbled (Peb) is required primarily in glutamatergic, but not cholinergic neurons, for appropriate axon degeneration after axotomy. Analysis of Peb mutant phenotypes also revealed an axon death phenotype where axon shafts initially broke into large fragments, but then failed to disintegrate. Peb is unique as a transcription factor shown to regulate Wallerian degeneration, and our analysis identifies a genetically accessible step in axon death signaling in vivo.
The prodrug of 7,8-dihydroxyflavone development and therapeutic efficacy for treating Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Chen Chun , Wang Zhihao , Zhang Zhentao , Liu Xia , Kang Seong Su , Zhang Ying , Ye Keqiang 
Published: January 2018

Significance
In this study, we used a prodrug strategy to improve the druggability of 7,8-DHF, which mimics the physiological actions of BDNF in a variety of animal models but with modest oral bioavailability, by improving its PK profiles. In 5XFAD mouse model, we demonstrate that the optimal prodrug R13 increases the half-life, oral bioavailability, and brain exposure of 7,8-DHF. Most importantly, R13 robustly displays promising therapeutic efficacy by strongly activating TrkB and repressing AEP, which plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), leading to elimination of senile plaques in the AD mouse brain.
A dashboard-based system for supporting diabetes care
Authors: Dagliati Arianna , Sacchi Lucia , Tibollo Valentina , Cogni Giulia , Teliti Marsida , Martinez-Millana Antonio , Traver Vicente , Segagni Daniele , Posada Jorge , Ottaviano Manuel , Fico Giuseppe , Arredondo Maria Teresa , De Cata Pasquale , Chiovato Luca , Bellazzi Riccardo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the development, as part of the European Union MOSAIC (Models and Simulation Techniques for Discovering Diabetes Influence Factors) project, of a dashboard-based system for the management of type 2 diabetes and assess its impact on clinical practice.MethodsThe MOSAIC dashboard system is based on predictive modeling, longitudinal data analytics, and the reuse and integration of data from hospitals and public health repositories. Data are merged into an i2b2 data warehouse, which feeds a set of advanced temporal analytic models, including temporal abstractions, care-flow mining, drug exposure pattern detection, and risk-prediction models for type 2 diabetes complications. The dashboard has 2 components, designed for (1) clinical decision support during follow-up consultations and (2) outcome assessment on populations of interest. To assess the impact of the clinical decision support component, a pre-post study was conducted considering visit duration, number of screening examinations, and lifestyle interventions. A pilot sample of 700 Italian patients was investigated. Judgments on the outcome assessment component were obtained via focus groups with clinicians and health care managers.ResultsThe use of the decision support component in clinical activities produced a reduction in visit duration (P ≪ .01) and an increase in the number of screening exams for complications (P &lt; .01). We also observed a relevant, although nonstatistically significant, increase in the proportion of patients receiving lifestyle interventions (from 69% to 77%). Regarding the outcome assessment component, focus groups highlighted the system’s capability of identifying and understanding the characteristics of patient subgroups treated at the center.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that decision support tools based on the integration of multiple-source data and visual and predictive analytics do improve the management of a chronic disease such as type 2 diabetes by enacting a successful implementation of the learning health care system cycle.
Trends in oral and vaginally administered estrogen use among US women 50 years of age or older with commercial health insurance
Authors: Weissfeld Joel L. , Liu Wei , Woods Corinne , Zhang Rongmei , Li Jie , van der Vlugt Theresa H. , Slaughter Shelley R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Objective:
We aimed to provide information through 2015 about use in the United States of estrogen products, including orally and vaginally administered products, in postmenopausal women.

Methods:
We used prescription claims for US commercial health insurance to calculate, in women 50 years of age or older (n = 12,007,364), the age-standardized and age-specific annual prevalence of estrogen use, by formulation and route of administration, for the period 2006 through 2015.

Results:
The age-standardized annual prevalence of a prescription claim for oral estrogens declined over time, from 83 per 1,000 women in 2007 to 42 per 1,000 women in 2015. The age-standardized annual prevalence of a prescription claim for vaginal estrogens peaked in 2011, at 42 per 1,000 women, before declining to 35 per 1,000 women in 2015. The age-standardized annual prevalence of a prescription claim for transdermal estrogen fluctuated between 15 and 17 per 1,000 women. In age groups under 65 years of age, annual prevalence rates for vaginal rings and inserts declined over the latter half of the study period.

Conclusions:
Analyses of US prescription claims data between 2006 and 2015 for women 50 years of age or older showed declining use of oral estrogen generally and vaginally administered estrogen products specifically in age groups less than 65 years of age.
Silicone Migration after Buttock Augmentation
Authors: Biguria Rafael , Ziegler Otto Rolando 
Published: December 2017

Summary:
We present the case of a 30-year-old woman who presented with enlarged inguinal lymph nodes and sacral hyperpigmentation 4 months after gluteal augmentation with silicone implants. Inguinal lymph node biopsy revealed granulomatous lymphadenitis due to foreign material. Upon right buttock implant revision, a 1.5-cm-thick capsule was noted with the absence of peri-implant inflammatory fluid and no macroscopic implant defects. Analysis of the implant by the manufacturer revealed a microscopic silicone leak. The patient’s recovery was uneventful, and her symptoms resolved shortly after her reoperation.
Reflective Narratives by Student Physical Therapists on Their Early Clinical Experiences: An Inductive and Deductive Analysis—The Use of a Reflective Framework
Authors: Greenfield Bruce H. , Bridges Patricia H. , Carter Vincent , Barefoot Travis , Dobson Alycia , Eldridge Elizabeth , Nicoletti Lindsay , Ng Nancy , Phillips Tami 
Published: December 2017

Introduction.
Written narratives are used to develop reflective skills in health care students during clinical education. The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of using a framework in narrative writing to facilitate reflection in physical therapy students during their initial short-term clinical experiences.

Subjects.
Each of 20 written narratives by physical therapy students was explored during their first clinical short-term experience.

Methods.
Data analysis was an iterative process consisting of eight individual researchers and cross-group researcher analyses for the development of themes and levels of reflection. Descriptive statistics, percent agreement between pairs of researchers, was calculated based on the number of times the identical rating was assigned to a narrative by pairs of raters. The strength of agreement between researchers was measured using inferential statistics.

Results.
Five themes emerged; these were patient-centered care, professional role, ethical issues, critical thinking, and student and clinical instructor relationship. Researchers determined that all 20 narratives contained reflection compared with a previous study in which only 64% of the narratives examined contained reflective writing. Analysis showed percent agreement between eight researchers ranged from 60% to 85%, with a mean of 73%. The weighted Kappa scores ranged from fair to substantial agreement, with the exception of one rater who demonstrated poor agreement relative to the consensus.

Conclusion.
The results of this study support the use of a framework in narrative writing to foster reflection in physical therapy students during their initial clinical experiences. Consistent levels of reflection occur through the use of a model that helps students connect specific experiences with their thoughts and feelings about those experiences. There was moderate agreement among researchers in choosing levels of reflection across narratives.
Numerical assessment in the wild: insights from social carnivores
Authors: Benson-Amram Sarah , Gilfillan Geoff , McComb Karen 
Published: January 2018

Playback experiments have proved to be a useful tool to investigate the extent to which wild animals understand numerical concepts and the factors that play into their decisions to respond to different numbers of vocalizing conspecifics. In particular, playback experiments have broadened our understanding of the cognitive abilities of historically understudied species that are challenging to test in the traditional laboratory, such as members of the Order Carnivora. Additionally, playback experiments allow us to assess the importance of numerical information versus other ecologically important variables when animals are making adaptive decisions in their natural habitats. Here, we begin by reviewing what we know about quantity discrimination in carnivores from studies conducted in captivity. We then review a series of playback experiments conducted with wild social carnivores, including African lions, spotted hyenas and wolves, which demonstrate that these animals can assess the number of conspecifics calling and respond based on numerical advantage. We discuss how the wild studies complement those conducted in captivity and allow us to gain insights into why wild animals may not always respond based solely on differences in quantity. We then consider the key roles that individual discrimination and cross-modal recognition play in the ability of animals to assess the number of conspecifics vocalizing nearby. Finally, we explore new directions for future research in this area, highlighting in particular the need for further work on the cognitive basis of numerical assessment skills and experimental paradigms that can be effective in both captive and wild settings.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The origins of numerical abilities’.
Understanding the origin of number sense: a review of fish studies
Authors: Agrillo Christian , Bisazza Angelo 
Published: January 2018

The ability to use quantitative information is thought to be adaptive in a wide range of ecological contexts. For nearly a century, the numerical abilities of mammals and birds have been extensively studied using a variety of approaches. However, in the last two decades, there has been increasing interest in investigating the numerical abilities of teleosts (i.e. a large group of ray-finned fish), mainly due to the practical advantages of using fish species as models in laboratory research. Here, we review the current state of the art in this field. In the first part, we highlight some potential ecological functions of numerical abilities in fish and summarize the existing literature that demonstrates numerical abilities in different fish species. In many cases, surprising similarities have been reported among the numerical performance of mammals, birds and fish, raising the question as to whether vertebrates' numerical systems have been inherited from a common ancestor. In the second part, we will focus on what we still need to investigate, specifically the research fields in which the use of fish would be particularly beneficial, such as the genetic bases of numerical abilities, the development of these abilities and the evolutionary foundation of vertebrate number sense.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The origins of numerical abilities’.
Counting insects
Authors: Skorupski Peter , MaBouDi HaDi , Galpayage Dona Hiruni Samadi , Chittka Lars 
Published: January 2018

When counting-like abilities were first described in the honeybee in the mid-1990s, many scholars were sceptical, but such capacities have since been confirmed in a number of paradigms and also in other insect species. Counter to the intuitive notion that counting is a cognitively advanced ability, neural network analyses indicate that it can be mediated by very small neural circuits, and we should therefore perhaps not be surprised that insects and other small-brained animals such as some small fish exhibit such abilities. One outstanding question is how bees actually acquire numerical information. For perception of small numerosities, working-memory capacity may limit the number of items that can be enumerated, but within these limits, numerosity can be evaluated accurately and (at least in primates) in parallel. However, presentation of visual stimuli in parallel does not automatically ensure parallel processing. Recent work on the question of whether bees can see ‘at a glance’ indicates that bees must acquire spatial detail by sequential scanning rather than parallel processing. We explore how this might be tested for a numerosity task in bees and other animals.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The origins of numerical abilities’.