bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reading as a Nursing Intervention for Agitation in Patients With Anoxic Brain Injury
Authors: Schwark James , Fields Willa 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Purpose:
The purpose of this article is to describe and recommend reading as a nursing intervention for agitated patients with anoxic brain injury.

Design:
The design of this study is a case report of the results from reading to an agitated patient with anoxic brain injury.

Methods:
Observation of the effects of reading to an agitated patient.

Findings:
Fifteen minutes of reading to an agitated patient during the evening hours had a calming effect.

Conclusions:
Reading to agitated patients is an additional nursing intervention with little risk and represents efficient, patient-centered care.

Clinical Relevance:
Reading is a successful nursing intervention that has a calming effect on agitated patients.
An Introduction to Recording, Editing, and Streaming Picture‐in‐Picture Ultrasound Videos
Authors: Rajasekaran Sathish , Hall Mederic M. , Finnoff Jonathan T. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis paper describes the process by which high‐definition resolution (up to 1920 × 1080 pixels) ultrasound video can be captured in conjunction with high‐definition video of the transducer position (picture‐in‐picture). In addition, we describe how to edit the recorded video feeds to combine both feeds, and to crop, resize, split, stitch, cut, annotate videos, and also change the frame rate, insert pictures, edit the audio feed, and use chroma keying. We also describe how to stream a picture‐in‐picture ultrasound feed during a videoconference.
PAIR CORRELATION OF LOW-LYING ZEROS OF QUADRATIC -FUNCTIONS
Authors: SONO KEIJU 
Published: August 2016

In this paper, we investigate the nontrivial zeros of quadratic $L$-functions near the real axis. Assuming the generalized Riemann hypothesis, we give an asymptotic formula for the weighted pair correlation function of quadratic $L$-functions associated to the Kronecker symbols. From this formula, we obtain several results on the rate of simple zeros of quadratic $L$-functions and on the average distance of such nontrivial zeros.
Cognitive reserve lessens the burden of white matter lesions on executive functions in bipolar disorder
Authors: Rolstad S. , Abé C. , Olsson E. , Eckerström C. , Landén M. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundThe concept of cognitive reserve (CR) hypothesizes that intellectually stimulating activities provide resilience against brain pathology/disease. Whereas brain abnormalities and cognitive impairment are frequently reported in bipolar disorder (BD), it is unknown whether the impact of brain alterations can be lessened by higher CR in BD.MethodWe tested if higher CR would reduce the influence of total volumes of deep white matter hypointensities (WMH), ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and prefrontal cortex on memory, executive, and attention/speed functions in patients with BD (n= 75). Linear regression models with interaction terms for CR and brain volumes were applied to directly test if CR reduces the influence of brain pathology on cognitive domains.ResultsCR reduced the influence of total volumes of deep WMH (β = −0.38,Q= 0.003) and ventricular CSF (β = −41,Q= 006) on executive functions.ConclusionsThe interactions between CR and total volumes of deep WMH/ventricular CSF appear to account for executive functioning in BD. The results suggest that the concept of CR is applicable in BD. Higher reserve capacity in BD alters the relationship between brain pathology and clinical presentation.
Achromobacter xylosoxidans is the predominant Achromobacter species isolated from diverse non-respiratory samples
Authors: AMOUREUX L. , BADOR J. , VERRIER T. , MJAHED H. , DE CURRAIZE C. , NEUWIRTH C. 
Published: August 2016

SUMMARYAchromobacter spp. are emerging opportunistic Gram-negative rods responsible for diverse nosocomial or community-acquired infections. We describe, for the first time, the distribution of Achromobacter spp., defined by nrdA gene sequencing, and their antimicrobial susceptibility in a variety of non-respiratory samples recovered from hospitalized patients from 2010 to 2015. Of the 63 isolates studied, A. xylosoxidans was the most prevalent (41 isolates), and with the exception of A. insuavis (four isolates), the remaining 10 species identified were represented by one or two isolates only. All isolates were uniformly susceptible to piperacillin and piperacillin-tazobactam and 97% to meropenem, but 76% showed resistance to ciprofloxacin. This study confirms the diversity of Achromobacter spp. in non-cystic fibrosis (CF) isolates and the predominance of A. xylosoxidans, as previously reported for CF sputum isolates. There was no apparent link between the clinical site of infection and the species of Achromobacter.
Impact and long-term protection of hepatitis B vaccination: 17 years after universal hepatitis B vaccination in Tunisia
Authors: CHAOUCH H. , HACHFI W. , FODHA I. , KALLALA O. , SAADI S. , BOUSAADIA A. , LAZRAG F. , BOUGMIZA I. , AOUNI M. , TRABELSI A. , BEN JAZIA E. , LETAIEF A. 
Published: August 2016

SUMMARYHepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination has been part of the Expanded Programme of Immunization (EPI) in Tunisia since 1995. The aim of this study was to evaluate, for the first time, the impact of mass vaccination in Tunisia 17 years after this programme was implemented, and in parallel, assess the long-term persistence of anti-HBs antibody in the vaccinated Tunisian population. A total of 1422 students were recruited (703 vaccinated, 719 non-vaccinated). HBV seromarkers were checked. None of the students from either group had positive HBsAg. The overall prevalence of anti-HBc was 0·8%. A Significantly higher prevalence of anti-HBc was noted in unvaccinated students than in vaccinated (1·4% vs. 0·3%, P = 0·02). The overall seroprotection rate (anti-HBs titre ⩾10 mIU/ml) was 68·9% in vaccinated subjects. Seroprotection rates and geometric mean titres decreased significantly with increasing age, reflecting waning anti-HBs titre over time. No significant difference was detected between seroprotection rates and gender or students’ area of origin. Incomplete vaccination was the only factor associated with an anti-HBs titre <10 mIU/ml. This study demonstrates the excellent efficacy of the HBV vaccination programme in Tunisia 17 years after its launch. However, a significant decline of anti-HBs seroprotection has been observed in ⩾15-year-old adolescents which places them at risk of infection. Additional studies are needed in hyperendemic regions in Tunisia.
Estimating minimal important differences for several scales assessing function and quality of life in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Hodgkins Paul , Lloyd Andrew , Erder M. Haim , Setyawan Juliana , Weiss Margaret D. , Sasané Rahul , Nafees Beenish 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveDefining minimal important difference (MID) is critical to interpreting patient-reported outcomes data and treatment efficacy in clinical trials. This study estimates the MID for the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale–Parent Report (WFIRS-P) and the Child Health and Illness Profile–Parent Report (CHIP-CE-PRF76) among parents of young people with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the UK.MethodsParents of children (6–12 years; n=100) and adolescents (13–17 years; n=117) with ADHD completed a socio-demographic form, the CHIP-CE-PRF76, the WFIRS-P, and the Pediatric Quality of Life scale at baseline and 4 weeks later. At follow-up, a subset of parents completed anchor questions measuring change in the child/adolescent from baseline. MIDs were estimated using anchor-based and distribution-based methods, and separately for children and adolescents.ResultsThe MID estimates for overall change in the WFIRS-P total score ranged from 11.31 (standard error of measurement) to 13.47 (anchor) for the total sample. The range of MID estimates for the CHIP-CE-PRF76 varied by domain: 6.80–7.41 (satisfaction), 6.18–7.34 (comfort), 5.60–6.72 (resilience), 6.06–7.57 (risk avoidance), and 4.00–5.63 (achievement) for the total sample. Overall, MID estimates for WFIRS-P MID and CHIP-CE-PRF76 were slightly higher for adolescents than for children.ConclusionThis study estimated MIDs for these instruments using several methods. The observed convergence of the MID estimates increases confidence in their reliability and could assist clinicians and decision makers in deriving meaningful interpretations of observed changes in the WFIRS-P and CHIP-CE in clinical trials and practice.
Optimal policy for value-based decision-making
Authors: Tajima Satohiro , Drugowitsch Jan , Pouget Alexandre 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFor decades now, normative theories of perceptual decisions, and their implementation as drift diffusion models, have driven and significantly improved our understanding of human and animal behaviour and the underlying neural processes. While similar processes seem to govern value-based decisions, we still lack the theoretical understanding of why this ought to be the case. Here, we show that, similar to perceptual decisions, drift diffusion models implement the optimal strategy for value-based decisions. Such optimal decisions require the models’ decision boundaries to collapse over time, and to depend on thea prioriknowledge about reward contingencies. Diffusion models only implement the optimal strategy under specific task assumptions, and cease to be optimal once we start relaxing these assumptions, by, for example, using non-linear utility functions. Our findings thus provide the much-needed theory for value-based decisions, explain the apparent similarity to perceptual decisions, and predict conditions under which this similarity should break down.
Past and estimated future impact of invasive alien mammals on insular threatened vertebrate populations
Authors: McCreless Erin E. , Huff David D. , Croll Donald A. , Tershy Bernie R. , Spatz Dena R. , Holmes Nick D. , Butchart Stuart H. M. , Wilcox Chris 
Published: August 2016

AbstractInvasive mammals on islands pose severe, ongoing threats to global biodiversity. However, the severity of threats from different mammals, and the role of interacting biotic and abiotic factors in driving extinctions, remain poorly understood at a global scale. Here we model global extirpation patterns for island populations of threatened and extinct vertebrates. Extirpations are driven by interacting factors including invasive rats, cats, pigs, mustelids and mongooses, native species taxonomic class and volancy, island size, precipitation and human presence. We show that controlling or eradicating the relevant invasive mammals could prevent 41–75% of predicted future extirpations. The magnitude of benefits varies across species and environments; for example, managing invasive mammals on small, dry islands could halve the extirpation risk for highly threatened birds and mammals, while doing so on large, wet islands may have little benefit. Our results provide quantitative estimates of conservation benefits and, when combined with costs in a return-on-investment framework, can guide efficient conservation strategies.
Responses of sequential and hierarchical phenological events to warming and cooling in alpine meadows
Authors: Li Xine , Jiang Lili , Meng Fandong , Wang Shiping , Niu Haishan , Iler Amy M. , Duan Jichuan , Zhang Zhenhua , Luo Caiyun , Cui Shujuan , Zhang Lirong , Li Yaoming , Wang Qi , Zhou Yang , Bao Xiaoying , Dorji Tsechoe , Li Yingnian , Peñuelas Josep , Du Mingyuan , Zhao Xinquan , Zhao Liang , Wang Guojie 
Published: August 2016

AbstractOrganisms’ life cycles consist of hierarchical stages, from a single phenological stage (for example, flowering within a season), to vegetative and reproductive phases, to the total lifespan of the individual. Yet phenological events are typically studied in isolation, limiting our understanding of life history responses to climate change. Here, we reciprocally transfer plant communities along an elevation gradient to investigate plastic changes in the duration of sequential phenological events for six alpine species. We show that prolonged flowering leads to longer reproductive phases and activity periods when plants are moved to warmer locations. In contrast, shorter post-fruiting leaf and flowering stages led to shorter vegetative and reproductive phases, respectively, which resulted in shorter activity periods when plants were moved to cooler conditions. Therefore, phenological responses to warming and cooling do not simply mirror one another in the opposite direction, and low temperature may limit reproductive allocation in the alpine region.
Mechanosensing by the α6-integrin confers an invasive fibroblast phenotype and mediates lung fibrosis
Authors: Chen Huaping , Qu Jing , Huang Xiangwei , Kurundkar Ashish , Zhu Lanyan , Yang Naiheng , Venado Aida , Ding Qiang , Liu Gang , Antony Veena B. , Thannickal Victor J. , Zhou Yong 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMatrix stiffening is a prominent feature of pulmonary fibrosis. In this study, we demonstrate that matrix stiffness regulates the ability of fibrotic lung myofibroblasts to invade the basement membrane (BM). We identify α6-integrin as a mechanosensing integrin subunit that mediates matrix stiffness-regulated myofibroblast invasion. Increasing α6-expression, specifically the B isoform (α6B), couples β1-integrin to mediate MMP-2-dependent pericellular proteolysis of BM collagen IV, leading to myofibroblast invasion. Human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis lung myofibroblasts express high levels of α6-integrin in vitro and in vivo. Genetic ablation of α6 in collagen-expressing mesenchymal cells or pharmacological blockade of matrix stiffness-regulated α6-expression protects mice against bleomycin injury-induced experimental lung fibrosis. These findings suggest that α6-integrin is a matrix stiffness-regulated mechanosensitive molecule which confers an invasive fibroblast phenotype and mediates experimental lung fibrosis. Targeting this mechanosensing α6(β1)-integrin offers a novel anti-fibrotic strategy against lung fibrosis.
Asthma prescribing, ethnicity and risk of hospital admission: an analysis of 35,864 linked primary and secondary care records in East London
Authors: Hull Sally A , McKibben Shauna , Homer Kate , Taylor Stephanie JC , Pike Katy , Griffiths Chris 
Published: August 2016

AbstractInappropriate prescribing in primary care was implicated in nearly half of asthma deaths reviewed in the UK’s recent National Review of Asthma Deaths. Using anonymised EMIS-Web data for 139 ethnically diverse general practices (total population 942,511) extracted from the North and East London Commissioning Support Unit, which holds hospital Secondary Uses Services (SUS)–linked data, we examined the prevalence of over-prescribing of short-acting β2-agonist inhalers (SABA), under-prescribing of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) inhalers and solo prescribing of long-acting β2-agonists (LABA) to assess the risk of hospitalisation for people with asthma for 1 year ending August 2015. In a total asthma population of 35,864, multivariate analyses in adults showed that the risk of admission increased with greater prescription of SABA inhalers above a baseline of 1–3 (4–12 SABA: odds ratio (OR) 1.71; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20–2.46, ⩾13 SABA: OR 3.22; 95% CI 2.04–5.07) with increasing British Thoracic Society step (Step 3: OR 2.90; 95% CI 1.79–4.69, Step 4/5: OR 9.42; 95% CI 5.27–16.84), and among Black (OR 2.30; 95% CI 1.64–3.23) and south Asian adult populations (OR 1.83; 95% CI 1.36–2.47). Results in children were similar, but risk of hospitalisation was not related to ethnic group. There is a progressive risk of hospital admission associated with the prescription of more than three SABA inhalers a year. Adults (but not children) from Black and South Asian groups are at an increased risk of admission. Further work is needed to target care for these at-risk groups.
Traffic noise reduces foraging efficiency in wild owls
Authors: Senzaki Masayuki , Yamaura Yuichi , Francis Clinton D. , Nakamura Futoshi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAnthropogenic noise has been increasing globally. Laboratory experiments suggest that noise disrupts foraging behavior across a range of species, but to reveal the full impacts of noise, we must examine the impacts of noise on foraging behavior among species in the wild. Owls are widespread nocturnal top predators and use prey rustling sounds for localizing prey when hunting. We conducted field experiments to examine the effect of traffic noise on owls’ ability to detect prey. Results suggest that foraging efficiency declines with increasing traffic noise levels due to acoustic masking and/or distraction and aversion to traffic noise. Moreover, we estimate that effects of traffic noise on owls’ ability to detect prey reach >120 m from a road, which is larger than the distance estimated from captive studies with bats. Our study provides the first evidence that noise reduces foraging efficiency in wild animals and highlights the possible pervasive impacts of noise.
Multi-host model and threshold of intermediate host Oncomelania snail density for eliminating schistosomiasis transmission in China
Authors: Zhou Yi-Biao , Chen Yue , Liang Song , Song Xiu-Xia , Chen Geng-Xin , He Zhong , Cai Bin , Yihuo Wu-Li , He Zong-Gui , Jiang Qing-Wu 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSchistosomiasis remains a serious public health issue in many tropical countries, with more than 700 million people at risk of infection. In China, a national integrated control strategy, aiming at blocking its transmission, has been carried out throughout endemic areas since 2005. A longitudinal study was conducted to determine the effects of different intervention measures on the transmission dynamics of S. japonicum in three study areas and the data were analyzed using a multi-host model. The multi-host model was also used to estimate the threshold of Oncomelania snail density for interrupting schistosomiasis transmission based on the longitudinal data as well as data from the national surveillance system for schistosomiasis. The data showed a continuous decline in the risk of human infection and the multi-host model fit the data well. The 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles and the mean of estimated thresholds of Oncomelania snail density below which the schistosomiasis transmission cannot be sustained were 0.006, 0.009, 0.028 and 0.020 snails/0.11 m2, respectively. The study results could help develop specific strategies of schistosomiasis control and elimination tailored to the local situation for each endemic area.
Revisit the Correlation between the Elastic Mechanics and Fusion of Lipid Membranes
Authors: Fan Zih-An , Tsang Kuan-Yu , Chen Si-Han , Chen Yi-Fan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMembrane fusion is a vital process in key cellular events. The fusion capability of a membrane depends on its elastic properties and varies with its lipid composition. It is believed that as the composition varies, the consequent change in C0 (monolayer spontaneous curvature) is the major factor dictating fusion, owing to the associated variation in GEs (elastic energies) of the fusion intermediates (e.g. stalk). By exploring the correlations among fusion, C0 and Kcp (monolayer bending modulus), we revisit this long-held belief and re-examine the fusogenic contributions of some relevant factors. We observe that not only C0 but also Kcp variations affect fusion, with depression in Kcp leading to suppression in fusion. Variations in GEs and inter-membrane interactions cannot account for the Kcp-fusion correlation; fusion is suppressed even as the GEs decrease with Kcp, indicating the presence of factor(s) with fusogenic importance overtaking that of GE. Furthermore, analyses find that the C0 influence on fusion is effected via modulating GE of the pre-fusion planar membrane, rather than stalk. The results support a recent proposition calling for a paradigm shift from the conventional view of fusion and may reshape our understanding to the roles of fusogenic proteins in regulating cellular fusion machineries.
Validation of the Medication Adherence Rating Scale in homeless patients with schizophrenia: Results from the French Housing First experience
Authors: Zemmour K. , Tinland A. , Boucekine M. , Girard V. , Loubière S. , Resseguier N. , Fond G. , Auquier P. , Boyer L. ,   French Housing First Study Group, Apostolidis T. , Birmes P. , Bossetti T. , Bouloudnine R. , Combes B. , Debieve J. , Falissard B. , Greacen T. , Laval C. , Lancon C. , Le Cardinal P. , Mantovani J. , Moreau D. , Naudin J. , Rhunter P. , Videau B. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) is one of the most widely used measurements of adherence in schizophrenia (SZ), but there is no available data regarding its psychometric properties in homeless SZ patients (HSZ). The aim of this study was therefore to assess the psychometric properties of the MARS in a large multicenter sample of HSZ subjects. This multi-centre prospective study was conducted in the following 4 French cities: Lille, Marseille, Paris and Toulouse. Three hundred and fifty-three patients were included. The 3-factor structure of the MARS was confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis: RMSEA = 0.045, CFI = 0.98, TLI = 0.97 and WRMR = 0.76. The unidimensionality of each factor was supported by the satisfactory INFIT statistics. Item internal consistencies were all higher than 0.20 and the Kuder–Richardson were higher than to 0.6, except for factor 2, which was closed to 0.5. Significant associations with symptoms, functioning and quality of life showed satisfactory external validity. The acceptability was satisfactory with missing data lower than 5% for each dimension. The MARS is a short self-administered instrument with acceptable psychometric properties in homeless SZ patients that yields interesting information about medication adherence.
Endovascular ischemic stroke models of adult rhesus monkeys: a comparison of two endovascular methods
Authors: Wu Di , Chen Jian , Wang Bincheng , Zhang Mo , Shi Jingfei , Ma Yanhui , Zhu Zixin , Yan Feng , He Xiaoduo , Li Shengli , Dornbos III David , Ding Yuchuan , Ji Xunming 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTo further investigate and improve upon current stroke models in nonhuman primates, infarct size, neurologic function and survival were evaluated in two endovascular ischemic models in sixteen rhesus monkeys. The first method utilized a micro-catheter or an inflatable balloon to occlude the M1 segment in six monkeys. In the second model, an autologous clot was injected via a micro-catheter into the M1 segment in ten monkeys. MRI scanning was performed on all monkeys both at baseline and 3 hours after the onset of ischemia. Spetzler neurologic functions were assessed post-operatively, and selective perfusion deficits were confirmed by DSA and MRI in all monkeys. Animals undergoing micro-catheter or balloon occlusion demonstrated more profound hemiparesis, larger infarct sizes, lower Spetzler neurologic scores and increased mortality compared to the thrombus occlusion group. In animals injected with the clot, there was no evidence of dissolution, and the thrombus was either near the injection site (M1) or flushed into the superior division of the MCA (M2). All animals survived the M2 occlusion. M1 occlusion with thrombus generated 50% mortality. This study highlighted clinically important differences in these two models, providing a platform for further study of a translational thromboembolic model of acute ischemic stroke.