bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental Health First Aid in Rural Communities: Appropriateness and Outcomes
Authors: Talbot Jean A. , Ziller Erika C. , Szlosek Donald A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPurposeMental Health First Aid (MHFA), an early intervention training program for general audiences, has been promoted as a means for improving population‐level behavioral health (BH) in rural communities by encouraging treatment‐seeking. This study examined MHFA's appropriateness and impacts in rural contexts.MethodsWe used a mixed‐methods approach to study MHFA trainings conducted from November 2012 through September 2013 in rural communities across the country. Data Sources: (a) posttraining questionnaires completed by 44,273 MHFA participants at 2,651 rural and urban trainings in 50 US states; (b) administrative data on these trainings; and (c) interviews with 16 key informants who had taught, sponsored, or participated in rural MHFA. Measure of Rurality: Rural‐Urban Commuting Area Codes. Analyses: Chi‐square tests were conducted on questionnaire data. Structural, descriptive, and pattern coding techniques were used to analyze interview data.FindingsMHFA appears aligned with some key rural needs. MHFA may help to reduce unmet need for BH treatment in rural communities by raising awareness of BH issues and mitigating stigma, thereby promoting appropriate treatment‐seeking. However, rural infrastructure deficits may limit some communities’ ability to meet new demand generated by MHFA. MHFA may help motivate rural communities to develop initiatives for strengthening infrastructure, but additional tools and consultation may be needed.ConclusionsThis study provides preliminary evidence that MHFA holds promise for improving rural BH. MHFA alone cannot compensate for weaknesses in rural BH infrastructure.
Serial magnetic resonance angiography in a patient with angioinvasive aspergillosis
Authors: Araki Kunihiko , Ito Mizuki , Atsuta Naoki , Katsuno Masahisa , Sobue Gen 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAngioinvasive aspergillus can lead to acute infarction. A 74‐year old man complained about mild weakness of the left limbs; based on diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging, he was diagnosed with acute infarction in the right caudate and anterior limb of the internal capsule. After admission, he had a fever with disturbance of consciousness. Elevated serum β‐D‐glucan, elevated galactomannan antigen titers in cerebrospinal fluid and histopathological analysis on a biopsy specimen of the right sphenoid sinus enabled a diagnosis of Aspergillus infection. Serial magnetic resonance angiography showed the progressing stenosis of the major cerebral artery by angioinvasive aspergillosis with the spread of the cerebral infarction. Our case suggests that serial magnetic resonance angiography might be useful for monitoring progression of aspergillus vasculopathy.
Associations between conflictual relationships, psychopathology, and the use of psychotropic drugs among older people living in residential facilities
Authors: Scocco Paolo , Toffol Elena , Frasson Alberto , Cavrini Giulia , Argentino Paola , Azzarito Caterina , Federici Stefano , Putzu Paolo F. , de Girolamo Giovanni 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundPsychiatric symptoms and conflictual relationships (CR) may negatively affect the delivery of care in residential facilities (RF). This study aims to analyze neuropsychiatric symptoms, their correlations with CR among older people living in RF, and their associations with the prescription of psychotropic drugs.MethodsA total of 1215 RF residents in five Italian regions were selected for this cross‐sectional study. Psychiatric symptoms and CR were assessed with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory and the Resident Assessment Instrument, respectively. Associations between Neuropsychiatric Inventory items, CR, and the use of psychotropic drugs were tested via multiple logistic regressions.ResultsAbout half (52.7%) of the RF residents experienced one or more clinically relevant neuropsychiatric symptoms. At least one category of CR was reported for 223 residents (19%). Although reciprocal associations were found between different categories of CR, only conflictuality with other residents was associated with the use of antipsychotics (odds ratio (OR) = 2.12). Significant associations were found with irritability (with staff: OR = 2.35; with relatives: OR = 3.09), aberrant motor behaviour (with staff: OR = 2.02), and elation (with relatives: OR = 10.55).ConclusionsNeuropsychiatric symptoms and CR are common among RF residents and are reciprocally associated. Further research with longitudinal design is needed to better understand this relationship.
Successful Cryopreservation of Domestic Cat (Felis catus) Epididymal Sperm after Slow Equilibration to 15 or 10°C
Authors: Klaus C , Eder S , Franz C , Müller K 
Published: January 2016

ContentsTo support conservation strategies in wild species, simple but highly reproducible procedures of sperm cryopreservation are required for an application under field conditions. We used epididymal sperm of the domestic cat to optimize a sperm freezing procedure for felid species, particularly questioning the demand for sperm cooling to 4°C. We equilibrated sperm during slow cooling to only 15 or 10°C in a Tes–Tris–fructose extender with final concentrations of 4.7% (v/v) glycerol and 10% (v/v) of the water‐soluble fraction of hen's egg yolk (low‐density lipoproteins). Subsequently, sperm were frozen over liquid nitrogen. Total and progressive motility (mean ± SD) after thawing was 60.7 ± 8.6% and 53.9 ± 9.6% in samples cooled to 15°C or 61.6 ± 9.5% and 55.3 ± 9.9% in samples cooled to 10°C. Therefore, a one‐step addition of glycerol to sperm at room temperature together with the freezing extender, the use of cryovials (loaded with diluted sperm aliquots of 300 μl), an equilibration period of 40 min comprising slow cooling to 15°C at a rate of approximately −0.14 K/min before rapid freezing over liquid nitrogen, yielded satisfying results. Cooling, freezing and thawing rates were exactly characterized as a prerequisite for further optimization and to provide a repeatable protocol to other practitioners.
FDI, Industry Heterogeneity and Employment Elasticity in China
Authors: Chen Bo , Li Yao , Yin Yuming 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe investigate the different impacts of foreign direct investment (FDI) on employment elasticity with China's firm level data from 1998 to 2007. Our analysis shows that the inclusion of FDI does significantly affect firms' employment elasticity when facing wage, capital and output shocks. These effects vary dramatically across industries with different factor intensities and export status. Specifically, we find that non‐exporters with FDI tend to increase employment elasticity more than exporters when wage, capital input or output changes. However, FDI firms that are engaging in labor‐intensive production tend to have larger output and capital input elasticity of employment while smaller wage elasticity of employment. Our findings help to explain the contradicting results in existing literature and provide important references for China's policy makers to design proper industry policies towards FDI.
Local Institutions, Foreign Direct Investment and Productivity of Domestic Firms
Authors: Hong Junjie , Sun Xiaonan , Huang Wei 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis paper examines the linkage between foreign direct investment (FDI) and the productivity of domestic firms, paying particular attention to local institutions. Using Chinese manufactures from 1998 to 2007, we find strong evidence that FDI negatively affects the productivity of domestic firms. Firm in regions with better institutions suffers more from foreign presence owing to production contraction, labor cost increases and innovation deterrence.
Antidumping under International Fragmentation: Evidence from China
Authors: Liu Yi , Deng Jun 
Published: January 2016

AbstractApplying a negative binomial regression model, this paper investigates how Chinese exports have reshaped the global value chain and the use of antidumping. We use trade in value‐added statistics to distinguish between Chinese exports of intermediate and final products to its main trading partners, including the USA, Mexico, South Korea, the UK, Germany, France and Italy, among others, and find that other countries welcome China as an intermediate producer, although not necessarily as a final good producer. We also find that a higher level of fragmentation reduces the likelihood of antidumping initiation and measures.
On Mergers and Agglomeration
Authors: Beladi Hamid , Oladi Reza 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe formulate a model of mergers and acquisitions assuming a monopolistic competitive industry that exhibits agglomeration economies. We provide the conditions for the existence of a non‐trivial Nash equilibrium in the acquisition market at which the most productive firm acquires a range of less‐productive firms. Most importantly, we show that domestic merger and acquisition activities are international trade promotionary. We also show that such types of mergers and acquisition will improve the competitive position of foreign firms leading to an increase in their market share. In addition, domestic mergers and acquisitions will increase the number of imported varieties.
Epidemiology of tuberculosis after kidney transplantation in a developing country
Authors: Meinerz G. , da Silva C.K. , Goldani J.C. , Garcia V.D. , Keitel E. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundTuberculosis (TB) is a great challenge in kidney transplantation, and is often associated with high morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and impact of TB in kidney transplant (KT) recipients.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of a cohort of adult KT recipients from 2000 to 2012, with follow‐up until July 2014.ResultsAmong the 1737 KT recipients evaluated, 60 developed TB: a 5% cumulative incidence, and an incidence rate of 589.4 cases/100,000 patient‐years. Median time to diagnosis was 13.4 months, with 40% of the cases occurring in the first year. New‐onset diabetes was significantly associated with post‐transplant TB (P = 0.018). Pulmonary TB represented 78% of the cases, including disseminated disease. Two patients received latent TB treatment and developed active infection. TB was associated with a significant reduction in patient and graft survival (74% vs. 90.2% in 5 years for patient survival, P = 0.001; and 58.6% vs. 80.2% in 5 years for graft survival, P < 0.001). Death and graft loss occurred in the first 6 months after diagnosis in one‐third of the patients, 38.8% of them with disseminated disease. Disseminated disease was significantly associated with mortality compared to local disease (41.8% vs. 9.7%, P = 0.035).ConclusionTB continues to be a great challenge in KT, especially in developing countries, with significant impact on patient and graft survival.
Propionibacterium acnes: Disease-Causing Agent or Common Contaminant? Detection in Diverse Patient Samples by Next-Generation Sequencing
Authors: Mollerup Sarah , Friis-Nielsen Jens , Vinner Lasse , Hansen Thomas Arn , Richter Stine Raith , Fridholm Helena , Herrera Jose Alejandro Romero , Lund Ole , Brunak Søren , Izarzugaza Jose M. G. , Mourier Tobias , Nielsen Lars Peter , Hansen Anders Johannes 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

Propionibacterium acnes
is the most abundant bacterium on human skin, particularly in sebaceous areas.
P. acnes
is suggested to be an opportunistic pathogen involved in the development of diverse medical conditions but is also a proven contaminant of human clinical samples and surgical wounds. Its significance as a pathogen is consequently a matter of debate. In the present study, we investigated the presence of
P. acnes
DNA in 250 next-generation sequencing data sets generated from 180 samples of 20 different sample types, mostly of cancerous origin. The samples were subjected to either microbial enrichment, involving nuclease treatment to reduce the amount of host nucleic acids, or shotgun sequencing. We detected high proportions of
P. acnes
DNA in enriched samples, particularly skin tissue-derived and other tissue samples, with the levels being higher in enriched samples than in shotgun-sequenced samples.
P. acnes
reads were detected in most samples analyzed, though the proportions in most shotgun-sequenced samples were low. Our results show that
P. acnes
can be detected in practically all sample types when molecular methods, such as next-generation sequencing, are employed. The possibility of contamination from the patient or other sources, including laboratory reagents or environment, should therefore always be considered carefully when
P. acnes
is detected in clinical samples. We advocate that detection of
P. acnes
always be accompanied by experiments validating the association between this bacterium and any clinical condition.
Diagnosis of Bloodstream Infections in Children
Authors: Dien Bard Jennifer , McElvania TeKippe Erin 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
Identification of bloodstream infections is among the most critical tasks performed by the clinical microbiology laboratory. While the criteria for achieving an adequate blood culture specimen in adults have been well described, there is much more ambiguity in pediatric populations. This minireview focuses on the available pediatric literature pertaining to the collection of an optimal blood culture specimen, including timing, volume, and bottle selection, as well as rapid diagnostic approaches and their role in the management of pediatric bloodstream infections.
MicroRNA-33a-5p Modulates Japanese Encephalitis Virus Replication by Targeting Eukaryotic Translation Elongation Factor 1A1
Authors: Chen Zheng , Ye Jing , Ashraf Usama , Li Yunchuan , Wei Siqi , Wan Shengfeng , Zohaib Ali , Song Yunfeng , Chen Huanchun , Cao Shengbo 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a typical mosquito-borne flavivirus responsible for acute encephalitis and meningitis in humans. However, the molecular mechanism for JEV pathogenesis is still unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that act as gene regulators. They are directly or indirectly involved in many cellular functions owing to their ability to target mRNAs for degradation or translational repression. However, how cellular miRNAs are regulated and their functions during JEV infection are largely unknown. In the present study, we found that JEV infection downregulated the expression of endogenous cellular miR-33a-5p. Notably, artificially transfecting with miR-33a-5p mimics led to a significant decrease in viral replication, suggesting that miR-33a-5p acts as a negative regulator of JEV replication. A dual-luciferase reporter assay identified eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1A1 (
EEF1A1
) as one of the miR-33a-5p target genes. Our study further demonstrated that
EEF1A1
can interact with the JEV proteins NS3 and NS5 in replicase complex. Through this interaction,
EEF1A1
can stabilize the components of viral replicase complex and thus facilitates viral replication during JEV infection. Taken together, these results suggest that miR-33a-5p is downregulated during JEV infection, which contributes to viral replication by increasing the intracellular level of
EEF1A1
, an interaction partner of JEV NS3 and NS5. This study provides a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of JEV pathogenesis.

IMPORTANCE
MiRNAs are critical regulators of gene expression that utilize sequence complementarity to bind to and modulate the stability or translation efficiency of target mRNAs. Accumulating data suggest that miRNAs regulate a wide variety of molecular mechanisms in the host cells during viral infections. JEV, a neurotropic flavivirus, is one of the major causes of acute encephalitis in humans worldwide. The roles of cellular miRNAs during JEV infections are widely unexplored. The present study explores a novel role of miR-33a-5p as a negative regulator of JEV replication. We found
EEF1A1
as a direct target of miR-33a-5p. We also demonstrated that
EEF1A1
interacts with and stabilize the components of JEV replicase complex, which positively regulates JEV replication. These findings suggest a new insight into the molecular mechanism of JEV pathogenesis and provide a possible therapeutic entry point for viral encephalitis.
Architectural adaptations of muscle to training and injury: a narrative review outlining the contributions by fascicle length, pennation angle and muscle thickness
Authors: Timmins Ryan G , Shield Anthony J , Williams Morgan D , Lorenzen Christian , Opar David A 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundThe architectural characteristics of muscle (fascicle length, pennation angle muscle thickness) respond to varying forms of stimuli (eg, training, immobilisation and injury). Architectural changes following injury are thought to occur in response to the restricted range of motion experienced during rehabilitation and the associated neuromuscular inhibition. However, it is unknown if these differences exist prior to injury, and had a role in injury occuring (prospectively), or if they occur in response to the incident itself (retrospectively). Considering that the structure of a muscle will influence how it functions, it is of interest to understand how these architectural variations may alter how a muscle acts with reference to the force-length and force-velocity relationships.ObjectivesOur narrative review provides an overview of muscle architectural adaptations to training and injury. Specifically, we (1) describe the methods used to measure muscle architecture; (2) detail the impact that architectural alterations following training interventions, immobilisation and injury have on force production and (3) present a hypothesis on how neuromuscular inhibition could cause maladaptations to muscle architecture following injury.
Unwanted detachment of the Solitaire device during mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Castaño C , Dorado L , Remollo S , García-Bermejo P , Gomis M , Pérez de la Ossa N , Millán M , García-Sort M R , Hidalgo C , López-Cancio E , Cubells C , Dávalos A 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundThe use of retrievable stents for endovascular clot retrieval has dramatically improved successful revascularization and clinical outcome in selected patients with acute stroke.ObjectiveTo describe the rate and clinical consequences of unwanted spontaneous detachment of these devices during mechanical thrombectomy.MethodsWe studied 262 consecutive patients treated with the retrievable stent, Solitaire, for acute ischemic stroke between November 2008 and April 2015. Clinical, procedural, and outcome variables were compared between patients with and without unexpected detachment of this device. Detachment was classified as proximal to the stent proximal marker (type A) or distal to the marker (type B). Poor functional outcome was defined as modified Rankin scale score >2 at 90 days.ResultsUnwanted detachment occurred in 6/262 (2.3%) cases, four of type A and two of type B. Stent recovery was possible in three patients, all of ‘type A’, but in none of ‘type B’. The number of prior passes was higher in patients with undesired detachment (3 (2–5) vs 2 (1–3), p=0.007). Detachment was associated with higher rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (SICH) (33.3% vs 4.3%, p=0.001), poorer outcome (100% vs 54.8%, p=0.028), and higher mortality rate at 90 days (50% vs 17%, p=0.038).ConclusionsUnwanted detachment of a Solitaire is an uncommon complication during mechanical thrombectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke and is associated with the clot retrieval attempts, SICH, poor outcome, and higher mortality.
NDUFA4L2 Fine-tunes Oxidative Stress in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Lai Robin Kit-Ho , Xu Iris Ming-Jing , Chiu David Kung-Chun , Tse Aki Pui-Wah , Wei Larry Lai , Law Cheuk-Ting , Lee Derek , Wong Chun-Ming , Wong Maria Pik , Ng Irene Oi-Lin , Wong Carmen Chak-Lui 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Purpose: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) lacks effective curative therapy. Hypoxia is commonly found in HCC. Hypoxia elicits a series of protumorigenic responses through hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF1). Better understanding of the metabolic adaptations of HCC cells during hypoxia is essential to the design of new therapeutic regimen.
Experimental Design: Expressions of genes involved in the electron transport chain (ETC) in HCC cell lines (20% and 1% O2) and human HCC samples were analyzed by transcriptome sequencing. Expression of NDUFA4L2, a less active subunit in complex I of the ETC, in 100 pairs of HCC and nontumorous liver tissues were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Student t test and Kaplan–Meier analyses were used for clinicopathologic correlation and survival studies. Orthotopic HCC implantation model was used to evaluate the efficiency of HIF inhibitor.
Results: NDUFA4L2 was drastically overexpressed in human HCC and induced by hypoxia. NDUFA4L2 overexpression was closely associated with tumor microsatellite formation, absence of tumor encapsulation, and poor overall survival in HCC patients. We confirmed that NDUFA4L2 was HIF1-regulated in HCC cells. Inactivation of HIF1/NDUFA4L2 increased mitochondrial activity and oxygen consumption, resulting in ROS accumulation and apoptosis. Knockdown of NDUFA4L2 markedly suppressed HCC growth and metastasis in vivo. HIF inhibitor, digoxin, significantly suppressed growth of tumors that expressed high level of NDUFA4L2.
Conclusions: Our study has provided the first clinical relevance of NDUFA4L2 in human cancer and suggested that HCC patients with NDUFA4L2 overexpression may be suitable candidates for HIF inhibitor treatment. Clin Cancer Res; 22(12); 3105–17. ©2016 AACR.
Prospective Evaluation of Cetuximab-Mediated Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients Predicts Treatment Efficacy
Authors: Trotta Anna Maria , Ottaiano Alessandro , Romano Carmela , Nasti Guglielmo , Nappi Anna , De Divitiis Chiara , Napolitano Maria , Zanotta Serena , Casaretti Rossana , D'Alterio Crescenzo , Avallone Antonio , Califano Daniela , Iaffaioli Rosario Vincenzo , Scala Stefania 
Published: January 2016

AbstractCetuximab is a monoclonal antibody to the EGFR that induces antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) through Fcγ receptors on immune cells. Although SNPs in genes encoding Fcγ receptors are functionally relevant to cetuximab-mediated ADCC in colorectal cancer, a direct correlation between in vitro ADCC and clinical response to cetuximab is not defined. We therefore enrolled 96 consecutive metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients at diagnosis in a study that assessed FcγR status and cetuximab-mediated ADCC. Patients carrying the FcγRIIa H alleles 131H/H and 131H/R had significantly higher ADCC compared with patients with the 131R/R alleles (P = 0.013). Patients carrying FcγRIIIa genotypes with the V alleles 158V/V and 158V/F displayed higher ADCC compared with patients carrying the 158F/F genotype (P = 0.001). Progression-free survival of patients with an FcγRIIIa 158V allele was significantly longer compared with patients carrying 158F/F (P = 0.05), whereas no significant difference was observed for overall survival. Twenty-eight of 50 mCRC patients with wild-type KRAS received cetuximab. The average ADCC-mediated killing was 30% of assay targets for patients who experienced cetuximab complete or partial response, 21% in patients with stable disease and 9% in patients with progressive disease. To characterize basal natural killer (NK) activity, cytotoxicity was evaluated in 39 of 96 mCRC patients. Patients who responded to first-line treatment had higher NK-cell cytotoxicity. Thus, although limited to this cohort of patients, in vitro cetuximab-mediated ADCC correlated with FcγR polymorphisms and predicted cetuximab responsiveness. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(4); 366–74. ©2016 AACR.