bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La resistencia a la clausura en los monasterios femeninos de Mallorca durante el siglo XVIII = The Resistance to the Enclosure in the Feminine Monasteries of Majorca during the XVIIIth Century
Authors: García Pérez Francisco José 
Published: December 2017

El fenómeno de la clausura ha estado íntimamente ligado a los monasterios de monjas. Durante la Edad Moderna, las comunidades religiosas tenían que vivir enclaustradas y lejos del mundo exterior. Sin embargo, a lo largo de los siglos, existió una resistencia activa a la clausura. Este artículo pretende analizar, precisamente, la difícil imposición de la clausura en los monasterios de monjas de Mallorca, con incidencia en el siglo XVIII, en un momento en el que los obispos intentaban recuperar el espíritu de Trento, imponiendo nuevamente una clausura que, muchas veces, no se cumplía. AbstractThe phenomenon of enclosure has been intimately linked to Nuns’ monasteries. During the Modern Age, religious communities had to live cloistered and far from the outside world. Nevertheless, over the centuries, there was an active resistance to enclosure. This article seeks to analyze, precisely, the difficult imposition of enclosure in Nuns’ monasteries of Majorca, with incidence in the XVIIIth century, at a moment when the Bishops tried to recover the spirit of Trent, imposing again an enclosure that, often, was not respected.
Cinq-Mars, d’Alfred de Vigny
Authors: Julliot Caroline 
Published: December 2017

Vigny l’affirme clairement dans sa préface à la réédition de son roman, en 1829 : selon lui, la littérature a pour fonction de transfigurer le matériau historique en une leçon morale utile à l’édification du lecteur ; elle peut donc s’affranchir de la réalité des faits afin que la signification profonde de l’Histoire apparaisse de façon intelligible. Il opère ainsi, dans Cinq-Mars, une recomposition de la chronologie, afin de placer, notamment, au fondement de la conscience morale de son héros, l’épisode frappant du procès de Loudun – preuve éclatante de l’immoralité du gouvernement de Richelieu, et légitimation du bien-fondé de la mission de Cinq-Mars, conjuré coupable de haute trahison, ainsi élevé au rang de valeureux croisé au service de Dieu. Mais cette claire désignation des bons et des méchants de l’histoire permet-elle vraiment au lecteur de se rallier au projet d’une refondation réactionnaire, sur le modèle de l’idéal médiéval ? La mélancolie romantique, à l’oeuvre dans le roman, aurait plutôt tendance à le décourager…
Morale et éthique dans des romans de Gisèle Bienne et de Scholastique Mukasonga
Authors: Camelin Colette 
Published: December 2017

Comment la morale serait-elle légitime après que l’histoire du xxe siècle a mis en cause le « progrès de l’humanité », le « sens de l’Histoire » et les « grands récits » qui les accompagnaient, après que l’organisation même des génocides, justifiée par des valeurs « morales » et des « raisons scientifiques », a altéré l’humanité même de l’homme ? Les romans de Gisèle Bienne et de Scholastique Mukasonga se situent hors de la morale instituée puisqu’ils affrontent l’expérience de l’inhumain. Les Paysages de l’insomnie de Marcel, revenu de la Première Guerre mondiale, sont hantés par les fantômes de ses camarades morts : il a perdu l’estime de soi et la capacité d’insérer ses actes dans la vie collective. Son expérience l’a séparé des siens : il reste « tenu au silence » face à celles qui restent du côté de la morale catholique et nationaliste. L’étrange solitude de Manfred Richter, ancien prisonnier nazi, et son silence, sont dépassés quand il transmet à Hélène, vingt ans, une leçon éthique contre l’ordre moral existant. Inyenzi ou les Cafards de Mukasonga aborde le génocide au Rwanda du point de vue d’une exilée tutsie dont la famille a été massacrée au nom de la morale chrétienne, républicaine et socialiste. La littérature, par son ironie, éclaire l’hypocrisie et la lâcheté. Notre-Dame du Nil va à la racine de la catastrophe : le mythe hamitique, inventé par les Européens, s’est transformé en cauchemar racial, orchestré par l’Église. La fiction ironique de Mukasonga est libératrice car elle s’oppose aux discours pesants des idéologies. Pour les personnages de ces quatre romans, l’Histoire n’est que mensonge, chaos, cruauté ; ils ne peuvent croire au sens de l’Histoire, mais la lucidité et l’ironie des romans donnent du sens à leur expérience humaine. De plus, les romans renouent les échanges sensibles entre les humains et avec le monde.
Computer-assisted language learning in reading comprehension by using visual mnemonics A case study of Iranian EFL learners
Authors: Aghajani Mojtaba , Amanzadeh Hanieh 
Published: December 2017

A profitable method to address reading delays is to use computer-assisted learning, but these techniques are not always effective. In this research, the researchers evaluated a commercially available computer system, which uses visual mnemonics, in a randomised controlled trial with 78 English-speaking children (mean age 7 years) who their schools identified as needing reading support. School based individual tutorials usually took place 2-3 times/week. Only the experimental group received the intervention in the first 10 months, thereafter both the experimental and control groups received the intervention for 6 months. After 10 months, the experimental group had significantly higher standardised scores than the waiting list control group of decoding, phonological awareness, naming speed, phonological short-term memory and executive loaded working memory. The computer-assisted intervention was effective and this suggests that this medium can be used for reading interventions with English speaking children.
The shell morphology of the latest Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) trionychid turtleHelopanoplia distincta
Authors: Joyce Walter G. , Lyson Tyler R. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundHelopanoplia distinctais an extinct soft-shelled turtle (Pan-Trionychidae) for which the type specimen is a fragmentary costal and the inguinal notch portion of the left hypoplastron from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Lance Formation of Wyoming, USA that bear a distinct surface sculpture pattern consisting of raised tubercles. Over the course of the past few decades, a number of additional, fragmentary specimens from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Hell Creek Formation of Montana and North Dakota have been referred to this taxon based on the presence of these tubercles, but a more complete understanding of the anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of this distinctive soft-shelled turtle is still outstanding.MethodsWe here figure and describe shell remains of eight fossils referable toHelopanoplia distinctafrom the Hell Creek Formation of Montana and North Dakota that, in combination, document nearly all aspects of the shell morphology of this taxon. We furthermore explore the relationships of this fossil turtle by inserting it into a modified phylogenetic analysis of pan-trionychid relationships.ResultsThe new fossil material thoroughly supports the validity ofHelopanoplia distincta. In addition to its unique surface sculpture pattern, this turtle can be diagnosed relative to all other named pan-trionychids by the presence of a distinct corner along the margin of costals II, the complete covering of costal ribs I–VI by metaplastic bone, midline contact of the main plastral elements, hyoplastral shoulder, presence of a lateral, upturned margin on the hyo/hypoplastron that is covered dorsally and laterally by sculptured metaplastic bone, a single, lateral hyoplastral process, and the apomorphic presence of fine scallops along the margin of costals VIII, formation of a laterally embraced, rounded nuchal, anteriorly rounded costals I, distally expanded costals II, and narrow costals VII. A phylogenetic analysis placesHelopanoplia distinctaas sister to the clade formed byPlastomenus thomasiiandHutchemysspp., thereby confirming its identity as a plastomenid. The vast majority ofHelopanoplia distinctamaterial has been recovered from fine-grained overbank deposits, thereby supporting the hypothesis that this turtle favored ponded waters.
Understanding membrane selectivity in pervaporation of water‐rich water:ethanol mixtures
Authors: Prangley Rowan P. , Wallace Andrew D. , Brown Trevor C. , Fellows Christopher M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn pervaporation, membrane selectivity is defined as the ratio of the ratios of two components of a liquid:liquid mixture in the permeate and in the feed. In a thermodynamically‐controlled system, this value will be the same as the difference between vapour and liquid composition in the absence of a membrane. We demonstrate this to be the case for water:ethanol pervaporation at high water:ethanol ratios both for an unmodified polydimethylsiloxane membrane and for a membrane modified by grafting a layer of hydrophilic polyacrylamide. We observe transient kinetic deviations toward greater selectivity on addition of salts which push the thermodynamic vapour pressure equilibrium towards ethanol, and to a more significant degree with grafting of polyacrylamide to the hydrophobic membrane, suggesting that these modifications retard the flow of water through the membrane. The physical plausibility of the chemical potential gradient used in interpretation of pervaporation data by the solution‐diffusion model is critiqued.
In Vitro Selection and Characterization of DNA Aptamers to a Small Molecule Target
Authors: Ruscito Annamaria , McConnell Erin M. , Koudrina Anna , Velu Ranganathan , Mattice Christopher , Hunt Vernon , McKeague Maureen , DeRosa Maria C. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAptamers, synthetic oligonucleotide‐based molecular recognition probes, have found use in a wide array of biosensing technologies based on their tight and highly selective binding to a variety of molecular targets. However, the inherent challenges associated with the selection and characterization of aptamers for small molecule targets have resulted in their underrepresentation, despite the need for small molecule detection in fields such as medicine, the environment, and agriculture. This protocol describes the steps in the selection, sequencing, affinity characterization, and truncation of DNA aptamers that are specific for small molecule targets. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sustainable Carbon/Carbon Supercapacitors Operating Down to −40 °C in Aqueous Electrolyte Made with Cholinium Salt
Authors: Abbas Qamar , Béguin François 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCholinium chloride at a concentration of 5 mol kg−1 in water is proposed as a low‐cost and environmentally friendly aqueous electrolyte, enabling extension of the operating range of carbon/carbon supercapacitors (SCs) down to −40 °C. This solution has a pH close to neutrality (pH 6.1) and high conductivity of 88 mS cm−1 at 24 °C. The supercapacitors demonstrate a high capacitance of 126 F g−1 (per mass of one electrode) and long life span at voltages up to 1.5 V. At −40 °C, the carbon/carbon SCs display excellent electrochemical characteristics with only slightly reduced capacitance of 106 F g−1 and negligible ohmic losses. As compared to previous works, where antifreezing additives were introduced in traditional neutral electrolytes, the low solubility of the salt and related poor conductivity of the solution is no longer an issue, which makes cholinium salt aqueous solutions very promising for SCs operating at sub‐ambient temperature conditions.
Hydrogen Evolution Activity of Ruthenium Phosphides Encapsulated in Nitrogen‐ and Phosphorous‐Codoped Hollow Carbon Nanospheres
Authors: Chi Jing‐Qi , Gao Wen‐Kun , Lin Jia‐Hui , Dong Bin , Yan Kai‐Li , Qin Jun‐Feng , Liu Bin , Chai Yong‐Ming , Liu Chen‐Guang 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRuPx nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulated in uniform N,P‐codoped hollow carbon nanospheres (RuPx@NPC) have been synthesized through a facile route in which aniline–pyrrole copolymer nanospheres are used to disperse Ru ions followed by a gas phosphorization process. The as‐prepared RuPx@NPC exhibits a uniform core–shell hollow nanospherical structure with RuPx NPs as the core and N,P‐codoped carbon (NPC) as the shell. This strategy integrates many advantages of hollow nanostructures, which provide a conductive substrate and the doping of a nonmetal element. At high temperatures, the obtained thin NPC shell can not only protect the highly active phase of RuPx NPs from aggregation and corrosion in the electrolyte but also allows variation in the electronic structures to improve the charge‐transfer rate greatly by N,P codoping. The optimized RuPx@NPC sample at 900 °C exhibits a Pt‐like performance for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and long‐term durability in acidic, alkaline, and neutral solutions. The reaction requires a small overpotential of only 51, 74, and 110 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in 0.5 m H2SO4, 1.0 m KOH, and 1.0 m phosphate‐buffered saline, respectively. This work provides a new way to design unique phosphide‐doped carbon heterostructures through an inorganic–organic hybrid method as excellent electrocatalysts for HER.
Sexual dimorphism of microglia and synapses during mouse postnatal development
Authors: Weinhard Laetitia , Neniskyte Urte , Vadisiute Auguste , di Bartolomei Giulia , Aygün Nil , Riviere Laurie , Zonfrillo Francesca , Dymecki Susan , Gross Cornelius 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTMicroglia participate in synapse remodeling in the cortex and hippocampus during mouse postnatal development. Although sex differences in microglia activity during embryonic development have been reported in these regions, it remains unexplored whether microglia show sexually dimorphic features during the early postnatal period, a critical window for synapse formation and maturation. Here, we investigated morphological and functional features of microglia across early postnatal development as well as morphological features of both pre‐ and postsynaptic neuronal compartments in the mouse hippocampus. We found a sex‐dependent shift in microglia volume and phagocytic capacity across the first four postnatal weeks. Measurements of synaptic features revealed sex differences in the density of synaptic spines and boutons during the second postnatal week. These data are consistent with a precocious development of both microglia and synapses in the female brain. We further hypothesize that this bias may contribute to sex‐specific brain wiring. © 2017 The Authors. Developmental Neurobiology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 618–626, 2018
Brain structural alterations associated with dysfunctional cognitive control of pain in patients with low back pain
Authors: Chehadi O. , Rusu A.C. , Konietzny K. , Schulz E. , Köster O. , Schmidt‐Wilcke T. , Hasenbring M.I. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundRecent evidence has shown that chronic back pain (CBP) can lead to functional alterations in the circuitry underlying the cognitive control of pain. Thought suppression (TS) is a common type of cognitive control of pain. Previous research has shown that TS has paradoxical effects that may increase the awareness of pain. Pain‐related TS may also increase individuals’ attention to pain, which may also increase pain sensation, but thus far, the relationship between pain‐related TS and structural brain alterations is unknown.MethodsIn this study, we investigated a group of 30 patients 6 months after lumbar disc surgery by applying voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) to identify brain regions correlated with TS scores.ResultsSince pain‐related TS has been positively correlated with depression, all calculations were controlled for depression and age. VBM revealed a negative correlation between the TS score and regional grey matter volume (GMV) in the left superior temporal gyrus (LSTG) and the left middle temporal gyrus (L MTG), which is part of the left temporoparietal junction (L TPJ). In addition, a mediation analysis revealed a significant mediation effect of the pain‐related TS on the association between GMV of the left TPJ and reported pain intensity in the last 7 days.ConclusionsThese findings are consistent with previous research on the dysfunctional cognitive control of pain and may therefore provide potential insights into the neural substrates of obstructive cognitive control in chronic low back pain, with a special emphasis on pain‐related TS.SignificanceThe link between pain‐related thought suppression and brain morphology may provide a new perspective on the understanding of cognitive control of pain in chronic low back pain, which may help improve cognitive behavioural therapy.
Nanoparticle delivery of RNA‐based therapeutics to alter the vocal fold tissue response to injury
Authors: Hiwatashi Nao , Kraja Iv , Benedict Peter A. , Dion Gregory R. , Bing Renjie , Rousseau Bernard , Amin Milan R. , Nalband Danielle M. , Kirshenbaum Kent , Branski Ryan C. 
Published: December 2017

Objectives/HypothesisOur laboratory and others hypothesized that Smad3 is a principle mediator of the fibrotic phenotype in the vocal folds (VFs), and we further posited that alteration of Smad3 expression through short interfering (si)RNA holds therapeutic promise, yet delivery remains challenging. To address this issue, we employed a novel synthetic oligomer, lipitoid, complexed with siRNA to improve stability and cellular uptake with the goal of increased efficiency of RNA‐based therapeutics.Study DesignIn vitro study and in vivo animal model.MethodsIn vitro, lipitoid cytotoxicity was quantified via colorimetric and LIVE/DEAD assays in immortalized human VF fibroblasts and primary rabbit VF fibroblasts. In addition, optimal incubation interval and solution for binding siRNA to lipitoid for intracellular delivery were determined. In vivo, a rabbit model of VF injury was employed to evaluate Smad3 knockdown following locally injected lipitoid‐complexed siRNA.ResultsIn vitro, lipitoid did not confer additional toxicity compared to commercially available reagents. In addition, 20‐minute incubation in 1× phosphate‐buffered saline resulted in maximal Smad3 knockdown. In vivo, Smad3 expression increased following VF injury. This response was significantly reduced in injured VFs at 4 and 24 hours following injection (P = .035 and .034, respectively).ConclusionsThe current study is the first to demonstrate targeted gene manipulation in the VFs as well as the potential utility of lipitoid for localized delivery of genetic material in vivo. Ideally, these data will serve as a platform for future investigation regarding the functional implications of therapeutic gene manipulation in the VFs.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 128:E178–E183, 2018
ENG mutational mosaicism in a family with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
Authors: Tørring Pernille M. , Kjeldsen Anette D. , Ousager Lilian Bomme , Brusgaard Klaus 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundHereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder caused by mutations in ENG, ACVRL1, or SMAD4. Around 90% of HHT patients present with a heterozygous pathogenic genetic variation. Almost all cases of HHT have a family history. Very few cases are de novo or mosaicism. We describe a case with mutational mosaicism that would not be observed in the clinical routine when using Sanger sequencing or a NGS read coverage below app. 100.MethodsDNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes, and buccal swabs. The coding region, exon–intron boundaries, and the flanking sequences of the genes were sequenced by NGS.ResultsThe proband had clinical HHT fulfilling the Curaçao criteria and genetic testing identified a frameshift mutation in ENG. The mother of the proband, also with clinical HHT, was found negative when analyzing DNA from blood for the familial mutation using Sanger sequencing. Analyzing her DNA by NGS HHT panel sequencing when extracted from both peripheral blood leukocytes, and cheek swabs, identified the familial ENG mutation at low levels.ConclusionWe provide evidence of ENG mutational mosaicism in an individual presenting with clinical HHT. These findings illustrate the importance of considering mutational mosaicism.
Anxiety‐ and activity‐related effects of paracetamol on healthy and neuropathic rats
Authors: Chen Zuyue , Wei Hong , Pertovaara Antti , Wang Jianhong , Carlson Synnöve 
Published: December 2017

AbstractParacetamol has recently been suggested to affect emotion processing in addition to alleviating pain in humans. We investigated in adult male Hannover–Wistar rats whether acute intraperitoneally administrated paracetamol affects behavior in tests measuring anxiety, mood, motor activity, and memory. Unoperated rats received saline or a low (50 mg/kg) or high (300 mg/kg) dose of paracetamol, while rats with a spared nerve injury (SNI) model of neuropathy and sham‐operated rats received saline or the low dose of paracetamol. Rats were tested on open‐field (OFT), elevated plus‐maze (EPM), light‐dark box (LDB), novel‐object recognition (NOR), sucrose preference, rotarod, and monofilament tests. In unoperated rats, both the low and high dose of paracetamol reduced line crossings, and grooming time in the OFT, and novel preference in NOR. The high dose of paracetamol increased the time spent in the closed arm in EPM, reduced the number of rearings and leanings in OFT, the time spent in the light box in LDB, and sucrose preference. Paracetamol had no significant effect on the rotarod test measuring motor activity. The low dose of paracetamol suppressed mechanical pain hypersensitivity in SNI rats, without influencing pain behavior in sham‐operated rats. Saline‐ but not paracetamol‐treated SNI rats spent more time than sham‐operated rats in the closed arm in the EPM test. Together the results suggest that a high dose of paracetamol increases anxiety‐like and anhedonic behavior, and impairs recognition memory in unoperated controls, while in neuropathy, a low dose of paracetamol reduces nerve injury‐associated anxiety probably by reducing neuropathic pain.
An Arginine‐Mediated Protocol for the Aldol Addition of Methyl Vinyl Ketone in Water
Authors: Inani Heena , Jha Ajit Kumar , Easwar Srinivasan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAn aldolisation protocol for methyl vinyl ketone has been developed using an arginine mediated reaction in water. The reaction brought out an interesting contrast to the reactivity of methyl vinyl ketone with two different amino acids proline and arginine under nearly identical conditions. The aldolisation was only moderately effective with aromatic aldehydes as acceptors, but proved quite efficient when isatins were used. The latter underwent a rapid aldol addition with methyl vinyl ketone at room temperature under aqueous conditions to provide an expedient access to the corresponding 3‐substituted‐3‐hydroxyindolin‐2‐ones in good yields. These adducts were further transformed in ways characteristic to the β‐unsubstituted activated olefin moiety. The method also helped access a spirooxindole pyranone in reasonable yield.