bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Whole Blood Molecular Signature for Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Muse Evan D. , Kramer Eric R. , Wang Haiying , Barrett Paddy , Parviz Fereshteh , Novotny Mark A. , Lasken Roger S. , Jatkoe Timothy A. , Oliveira Glenn , Peng Hongfan , Lu Jerry , Connelly Mark C. , Schilling Kurt , Rao Chandra , Torkamani Ali , Topol Eric J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractChest pain is a leading reason patients seek medical evaluation. While assays to detect myocyte death are used to diagnose a heart attack (acute myocardial infarction, AMI), there is no biomarker to indicate an impending cardiac event. Transcriptional patterns present in circulating endothelial cells (CEC) may provide a window into the plaque rupture process and identify a proximal biomarker for AMI. Thus, we aimed to identify a transcriptomic signature of AMI present in whole blood, but derived from CECs. Candidate genes indicative of AMI were nominated from microarray of enriched CEC samples, and then verified for detectability and predictive potential via qPCR in whole blood. This signature was validated in an independent cohort. Our findings suggest that a whole blood CEC-derived molecular signature identifies patients with AMI and sets the framework to potentially identify the earlier stages of an impending cardiac event when used in concert with clinical history and other diagnostics where conventional biomarkers indicative of myonecrosis remain undetected.
Neurons define non-myelinated axon segments by the regulation of galectin-4-containing axon membrane domains
Authors: Díez-Revuelta Natalia , Higuero Alonso M. , Velasco Silvia , Peñas-de-la-Iglesia María , Gabius Hans-Joachim , Abad-Rodríguez José 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe mechanism underlying selective myelination of axons versus dendrites or neuronal somata relies on the expression of somatodendritic membrane myelination inhibitors (i.e. JAM2). However, axons still present long unmyelinated segments proposed to contribute to axonal plasticity and higher order brain functions. Why these segments remain unmyelinated is still an unresolved issue. The bifunctional lectin galectin-4 (Gal-4) organizes the transport of axon glycoproteins by binding to N-acetyllactosamine (LacNac) termini of N-glycans. We have shown that Gal-4 is sorted to segmental domains (G4Ds) along the axon surface, reminiscent of these long unmyelinated axon segments in cortical neurons. We report here that oligodendrocytes (OLGs) do not deposit myelin on Gal-4 covered surfaces or myelinate axonal G4Ds. In addition, Gal-4 interacts and co-localizes in G4Ds with contactin-1, a marker of another type of non-myelinated segments, the nodes of Ranvier. Neither Gal-4 expression nor G4D dimensions are affected by myelin extracts or myelinating OLGs, but are reduced with neuron maturation. As in vitro, Gal-4 is consistently segregated from myelinated structures in the brain. Our data shape the novel concept that neurons establish axon membrane domains expressing Gal-4, the first inhibitor of myelination identified in axons, whose regulated boundaries delineate myelination-incompetent axon segments along development.
Achieving Radiation Tolerance through Non-Equilibrium Grain Boundary Structures
Authors: Vetterick Gregory A. , Gruber Jacob , Suri Pranav K. , Baldwin Jon K. , Kirk Marquis A. , Baldo Pete , Wang Yong Q. , Misra Amit , Tucker Garritt J. , Taheri Mitra L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMany methods used to produce nanocrystalline (NC) materials leave behind non-equilibrium grain boundaries (GBs) containing excess free volume and higher energy than their equilibrium counterparts with identical 5 degrees of freedom. Since non-equilibrium GBs have increased amounts of both strain and free volume, these boundaries may act as more efficient sinks for the excess interstitials and vacancies produced in a material under irradiation as compared to equilibrium GBs. The relative sink strengths of equilibrium and non-equilibrium GBs were explored by comparing the behavior of annealed (equilibrium) and as-deposited (non-equilibrium) NC iron films on irradiation. These results were coupled with atomistic simulations to better reveal the underlying processes occurring on timescales too short to capture using in situ TEM. After irradiation, NC iron with non-equilibrium GBs contains both a smaller number density of defect clusters and a smaller average defect cluster size. Simulations showed that excess free volume contribute to a decreased survival rate of point defects in cascades occurring adjacent to the GB and that these boundaries undergo less dramatic changes in structure upon irradiation. These results suggest that non-equilibrium GBs act as more efficient sinks for defects and could be utilized to create more radiation tolerant materials in future.
Pristine populations of habitat-forming gorgonian species on the Antarctic continental shelf
Authors: Ambroso Stefano , Salazar Janire , Zapata-Guardiola Rebeca , Federwisch Luisa , Richter Claudio , Gili Josep Maria , Teixidó Nuria 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDeclines in the abundance of long-lived and habitat-forming species on continental shelves have attracted particular attention given their importance to ecosystem structure and function of marine habitats. The study of undisturbed habitats defined as “pristine areas” is essential in creating a frame of reference for natural habitats free of human interference. Gorgonian species are one of the key structure-forming taxa in benthic communities on the Antarctic continental shelf. Current knowledge of the diversity, distribution and demography of this group is relatively limited in Antarctica. To overcome this lack of information we present original data on pristine and remote populations of gorgonians from the Weddell Sea, some of which display the largest colony sizes ever recorded in Antarctica. We assessed the distribution patterns of seven gorgonian species, a morphogroup and a family in front of the Filchner Ronne Ice Shelf (Weddell Sea) by means of quantitative analysis of video transects. Analysis of these videos showed a total of 3140 colonies of gorgonians with the highest abundance in the southern section and a significantly clumped distribution. This study contributes to the general knowledge of pristine areas of the continental shelf and identifies the eastern Weddell Sea as a hotspot for habitat-forming species.
A multiple biomarker assay for quality assessment of botanical drugs using a versatile microfluidic chip
Authors: Li Zhen-Hao , Ai Ni , Yu Lawrence X. , Qian Zhong-Zhi , Cheng Yi-Yu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractQuality control is critical for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of drugs. Current quality control method for botanical drugs is mainly based on chemical testing. However, chemical testing alone may not be sufficient as it may not capture all constituents of botanical drugs. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a bioassay correlating with the drug’s known mechanism of action to ensure its potency and activity. Herein we developed a multiple biomarker assay to assess the quality of botanicals using microfluidics, where enzyme inhibition was employed to indicate the drug’s activity and thereby evaluate biological consistency. This approach was exemplified on QiShenYiQi Pills using thrombin and angiotensin converting enzyme as “quality biomarkers”. Our results demonstrated that there existed variations in potency across different batches of the intermediates and preparations. Compared with chromatographic fingerprinting, the bioassay provided better discrimination ability for some abnormal samples. Moreover, the chip could function as “affinity chromatography” to identify bioactive phytochemicals bound to the enzymes. This work proposed a multiple-biomarker strategy for quality assessment of botanical drugs, while demonstrating for the first time the feasibility of microfluidics in this field.
Superhydrophilic Functionalization of Microfiltration Ceramic Membranes Enables Separation of Hydrocarbons from Frac and Produced Water
Authors: Maguire-Boyle Samuel J. , Huseman Joseph E. , Ainscough Thomas J. , Oatley-Radcliffe Darren L. , Alabdulkarem Abdullah A. , Al-Mojil Sattam Fahad , Barron Andrew R. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe environmental impact of shale oil and gas production by hydraulic fracturing (fracking) is of increasing concern. The biggest potential source of environmental contamination is flowback and produced water, which is highly contaminated with hydrocarbons, bacteria and particulates, meaning that traditional membranes are readily fouled. We show the chemical functionalisation of alumina ceramic microfiltration membranes (0.22 μm pore size) with cysteic acid creates a superhydrophilic surface, allowing for separation of hydrocarbons from frac and produced waters without fouling. The single pass rejection coefficients was >90% for all samples. The separation of hydrocarbons from water when the former have hydrodynamic diameters smaller than the pore size of the membrane is due to the zwitter ionically charged superhydrophilic pore surface. Membrane fouling is essentially eliminated, while a specific flux is obtained at a lower pressure (<2 bar) than that required achieving the same flux for the untreated membrane (4–8 bar).
A formation criterion for Order-Disorder (OD) phases of the Long-Period Stacking Order (LPSO)-type in Mg-Al-RE (Rare Earth) Ternary Systems
Authors: Kishida Kyosuke , Yokobayashi Hideyuki , Inui Haruyuki 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe formation of OD (order-disorder) phases of the LPSO (long-period stacking ordered)-type in Mg-Al-RE (RE (rare earth) = Y, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Dy, Ho, Er and Yb) ternary systems has been investigated for both as-solidified and annealed conditions. The OD phase is found to form in those systems with RE = Y, Nd, Sm, Dy, Ho and Er. The Mg-Al-RE OD phase formed is of the 18R-LPSO-type consisting of 6-layer structural blocks with the RE enrichment occurring in the four consecutive atomic layers in the structural block in the form of the Al6RE8 L12-type atomic clusters. The Mg-Al-RE OD phases are found to be stabilized by the inclusion of any atoms (either Mg, Al or RE) in the central site of the Al6RE8 L12-type atomic cluster. The occupancy ratio of the central site among Mg, Al and RE atoms varies with the RE element, so that the occupancy ratio of RE atoms increases with the increase in the atomic number of the RE element in particular for the late rare-earth elements. Based on the results obtained, a criterion based on the volume of the Al6RE8 atomic cluster is proposed to predict the formation of the Mg-Al-RE OD phases.
Oxygen Vacancy in WO3 Film-based FET with Ionic Liquid Gating
Authors: Kalhori Hossein , Coey Michael , Abdolhosseini Sarsari Ismaeil , Borisov Kiril , Porter Stephen Barry , Atcheson Gwenael , Ranjbar Mehdi , Salamati Hadi , Stamenov Plamen 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIonic liquid gating is a versatile method for inducing a metal-insulator transition in field-effect transistor device structures. The mechanism of carrier doping in metal oxide films is under debate. Ionic liquid gating of a WO3 film-based field effect transistor is discussed in this report. Flat and relatively smooth WO3 films were deposited on SrTiO3 substrates by pulsed laser deposition. Swept and constant gate voltage characteristics are measured in both argon and oxygen atmospheres. The results show a clear dependence on the oxygen pressure of the experimental chamber. Metallic behavior in the films is attributed to oxygen vacancy formation in the WO3 layer induced by the high electric field at the oxide-ionic liquid interface. The density of states of a monoclinic supercell of oxygen deficient WO3 was studied by density functional theory (DFT). Calculated W and O partial densities of states verify metallic behavior even at dilute oxygen vacancy concentrations and show the role of W and O orbitals in the conductivity.
Increased liver AGEs induce hepatic injury mediated through an OST48 pathway
Authors: Zhuang Aowen , Yap Felicia YT. , Bruce Clinton , Leung Chris , Plan Manuel R. , Sullivan Mitchell A. , Herath Chandana , McCarthy Domenica , Sourris Karly C. , Kantharidis Phillip , Coughlan Melinda T. , Febbraio Mark A. , Hodson Mark P. , Watt Matthew J. , Angus Peter , Schulz Benjamin L. , Forbes Josephine M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe protein oligosaccharyltransferase-48 (OST48) is integral to protein N-glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) but is also postulated to act as a membrane localised clearance receptor for advanced glycation end-products (AGE). Hepatic ER stress and AGE accumulation are each implicated in liver injury. Hence the objective of this study was to increase the expression of OST48 and examine the effects on hepatic function and structure. Groups of 8 week old male mice (n = 10–12/group) over-expressing the gene for OST48, dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide-protein glycosyltransferase (DDOST+/−), were followed for 24 weeks, while randomised to diets either low or high in AGE content. By week 24 of the study, either increasing OST48 expression or consumption of high AGE diet impaired liver function and modestly increased hepatic fibrosis, but their combination significantly exacerbated liver injury in the absence of steatosis. DDOST+/− mice had increased both portal delivery and accumulation of hepatic AGEs leading to central adiposity, insulin secretory defects, shifted fuel usage to fatty and ketoacids, as well as hepatic glycogen accumulation causing hepatomegaly along with hepatic ER and oxidative stress. This study revealed a novel role of the OST48 and AGE axis in hepatic injury through ER stress, changes in fuel utilisation and glucose intolerance.
The neural representation of personally familiar and unfamiliar faces in the distributed system for face perception
Authors: Visconti di Oleggio Castello Matteo , Halchenko Yaroslav O. , Guntupalli J. Swaroop , Gors Jason D. , Gobbini M. Ida 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPersonally familiar faces are processed more robustly and efficiently than unfamiliar faces. The human face processing system comprises a core system that analyzes the visual appearance of faces and an extended system for the retrieval of person-knowledge and other nonvisual information. We applied multivariate pattern analysis to fMRI data to investigate aspects of familiarity that are shared by all familiar identities and information that distinguishes specific face identities from each other. Both identity-independent familiarity information and face identity could be decoded in an overlapping set of areas in the core and extended systems. Representational similarity analysis revealed a clear distinction between the two systems and a subdivision of the core system into ventral, dorsal and anterior components. This study provides evidence that activity in the extended system carries information about both individual identities and personal familiarity, while clarifying and extending the organization of the core system for face perception.
The public cancer radiology imaging collections of The Cancer Imaging Archive
Authors: Prior Fred , Smith Kirk , Sharma Ashish , Kirby Justin , Tarbox Lawrence , Clark Ken , Bennett William , Nolan Tracy , Freymann John 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) is the U.S. National Cancer Institute’s repository for cancer imaging and related information. TCIA contains 30.9 million radiology images representing data collected from approximately 37,568 subjects. This data is organized into collections by tumor-type with many collections also including analytic results or clinical data. TCIA staff carefully de-identify and curate all incoming collections prior to making the information available via web browser or programmatic interfaces. Each published collection within TCIA is assigned a Digital Object Identifier that references the collection. Additionally, researchers who use TCIA data may publish the subset of information used in their analysis by requesting a TCIA generated Digital Object Identifier. This data descriptor is a review of a selected subset of existing publicly available TCIA collections. It outlines the curation and publication methods employed by TCIA and makes available 15 collections of cancer imaging data.
Precision annotation of digital samples in NCBI’s gene expression omnibus
Authors: Hadley Dexter , Pan James , El-Sayed Osama , Aljabban Jihad , Aljabban Imad , Azad Tej D. , Hadied Mohamad O. , Raza Shuaib , Rayikanti Benjamin Abhishek , Chen Bin , Paik Hyojung , Aran Dvir , Spatz Jordan , Himmelstein Daniel , Panahiazar Maryam , Bhattacharya Sanchita , Sirota Marina , Musen Mark A. , Butte Atul J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) contains more than two million digital samples from functional genomics experiments amassed over almost two decades. However, individual sample meta-data remains poorly described by unstructured free text attributes preventing its largescale reanalysis. We introduce the Search Tag Analyze Resource for GEO as a web application (http://STARGEO.org) to curate better annotations of sample phenotypes uniformly across different studies, and to use these sample annotations to define robust genomic signatures of disease pathology by meta-analysis. In this paper, we target a small group of biomedical graduate students to show rapid crowd-curation of precise sample annotations across all phenotypes, and we demonstrate the biological validity of these crowd-curated annotations for breast cancer. STARGEO.org makes GEO data findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable (i.e., FAIR) to ultimately facilitate knowledge discovery. Our work demonstrates the utility of crowd-curation and interpretation of open ‘big data’ under FAIR principles as a first step towards realizing an ideal paradigm of precision medicine.
Assessment of Pulmonary Function before and after Sinus Surgery in Lung Transplant Recipients
Authors: Ramos Bernardo , Pinna Fábio , Campos Silvia , Afonso Júnior José , Teixeira Ricardo , Carraro Rafael , Voegels Richard 
Published: September 2017

Introduction The association between sinus and lung diseases is well known. However, there are scarce studies regarding the effects of sinus surgery on pulmonary function in lung transplant recipients. The present study describes our experience with sinus surgery in lung transplant recipients with chronic rhinosinusitis.
Objectives To assess the impact of sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis on pulmonary function and on inpatient hospitalization days due to lower respiratory tract infection in lung transplant recipients.
Methods A retrospective study conducted between 2006 and 2012 on a sample of lung transplant recipients undergoing sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis. Pulmonary function, measured by forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), as well as inpatient hospitalization days due to lower respiratory tract infection, were compared 6 months before and 6 months after sinus surgery.
Results The FEV1 values increased significantly, and the inpatient hospitalization days due to bronchopneumonia decreased significantly 6 months after sinus surgery. The preoperative and postoperative median FEV1 values were 2.35 and 2.68 respectively (p = 0.0056). The median number of inpatient hospitalization days due to bronchopneumonia 6 months before and 6 months after surgery were 32.82 and 5.41 respectively (p = 0.0013).
Conclusion In this sample of lung transplant recipients with chronic rhinosinusitis, sinus surgery led to an improvement in pulmonary function and a decrease in inpatient hospitalization days due to bronchopneumonia.
Thermochemotherapie mit Mitomycin C: Update zur Therapiealternative beim nicht-muskelinvasiven Harnblasenkarzinom
Authors: Christoph Frank , König Frank , Lebentrau Stefan , Blaschke Simon , Liehr Uwe-Bernd , Schostak Martin 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungDas Harnblasenkarzinom ist die zweithäufigste urologische Tumorerkrankung. Je nach Tumorstadium und Tumorgrad stehen unterschiedliche Behandlungskonzepte zur Verfügung, um Rezidiv- und Progressionsrate der Erkrankung zu minimieren. Alternative Therapieverfahren nach Versagen der Instillationstherapie mit Mitomycin C oder BCG rücken gerade in Zeiten von Ressourcenknappheit (BCG) erneut in das Interesse. Schwierig ist es derzeit, eine endgültige Aussage über Effektivität und Sicherheit dieser alternativen Verfahren zu machen.Die hier vorliegende Übersichtsarbeit stellt die derzeit verfügbaren thermotherapeutischen Therapieverfahren (elektroinduktiv und elektrokonduktiv) vor. Ausgehend von der ersten Veröffentlichung zur Thermochemotherapie mit Mitomycin C (Synergo
®
) bis hin zur ersten vergleichenden Studie zwischen Thermochemotherapie mit Mitomycin C und der klassischen Instillationstherapie mit BCG. Dazu werden neue elektrokonduktive Verfahren wie Combat
®
und Unithermia
®
vorgestellt.Abschließend werden auf Basis der aktuellen Datenlage die Anwendungsbereiche diskutiert, zu der die Thermochemotherapie mit Mitomycin C derzeit in der Lage ist.
Pharmakotherapie bei Multipler Sklerose
Authors: Paul Friedemann 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungMultiple Sklerose (MS) ist eine chronisch entzündliche Erkrankung des Zentralen Nervensystems, die meist initial schubförmig-remittierend verläuft (RRMS) und häufig in einen sekundär chronisch-progedienten Verlauf (SPMS) übergeht. Zu den Symptomen zählen temporäre oder dauerhafte neurologische Ausfälle unter Umständen aller Funktionssysteme. Für die verlaufsmodifizierende Behandlung stehen zugelassene Medikamente zur Verfügung, deren Auswahl von Verlaufsform und Stadium der Erkrankung abhängt und zudem Patienten-Präferenzen berücksichtigen sollte. Empfohlen wird ein früher Beginn der MS-spezifischen Immuntherapie, um eine spätere Gewebeschädigung oder neurologische Behinderung zu verhindern bzw. hinauszuzögern.Der Refresher vermittelt die Verlaufsformen der Multiplen Sklerose und die darauf abgestimmte verlaufsmodifizierende Pharmakotherapie.
Statuserhebung der studentischen Lehre in Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie
Authors: Ruesseler Miriam , Froehlich Susanne , Ruesseler Sigrid , Zabel Julian , Sterz Jasmina , Obertacke Udo 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Muskuloskeletale Erkrankungen sind weltweit die häufigste Ursache für lang anhaltende Schmerzen und körperliche Behinderungen. In Hinblick auf ihre zahlenmäßige und auch finanzielle Bedeutung im Gesundheitssystem ist eine wissenschaftlich fundierte, strukturierte medizinische Ausbildung aller angehenden Ärzte zu fordern. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird anhand einer Statuserhebung die aktuelle medizinische Lehre in Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie dargestellt und mit dem Status der Lehrsituation in 2008 verglichen.
Material und Methoden Ein Fragebogen mit 56 Items wurde an alle Lehrstuhlinhaber der Fächer Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie der 37 medizinischen Fakultäten verschickt.
Ergebnisse Es konnte eine Rücklaufquote von 81,1% von orthopädischen Lehrstuhlinhabern und 73,0% von unfallchirurgischen Lehrstuhlinhabern erreicht werden. Die Lehre in Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie wird in 34,4% vollständig getrennt voneinander organisiert, 2008 noch in 64%. Der Umfang an Lehrveranstaltungsstunden in den Vorlesungen und Praktika hat sich im Vergleich zu 2008 kaum verändert.
Schlussfolgerung Es ist eine noch engere Zusammenarbeit der Lehrenden in Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie anzustreben, um das gemeinsame Fach in angebrachtem Umfang und der volkswirtschaftlichen Bedeutung von muskuloskeletalen Verletzungen und Erkrankungen entsprechend zu repräsentieren und auch, um gemeinsame Ressourcen zu nutzen.