bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The variation in chemical composition of barley feed with or without enzyme supplementation influences nutrient digestibility and subsequently affects performance in piglets
Authors: Clarke L. C. , Sweeney T. , Curley E. , Duffy S. K. , Rajauria G. , O'Doherty J. V. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThis study investigates the effect of dietary supplementation of a β‐glucanase and β‐xylanase enzyme mix to barley based diets, at two different chemical compositions achieved through different agronomical conditions on growth performance, coefficient of apparent total tract digestibility (CATTD) of nutrients, selected faecal microbial populations and faecal scores in piglets. Sixty‐four piglets (11.7 kg (SD 0.96)) housed in pens of two were assigned to one of four dietary treatments (n = 8). The dietary treatments were as follows: (T1) low quality barley diet, (T2) low quality barley diet containing a β‐glucanase and β‐xylanase enzyme supplement, (T3) high quality barley diet and (T4) high quality barley diet containing a β‐glucanase and β‐xylanase enzyme supplement. Piglets offered the low quality barley‐based diet had a higher (p < .05) average daily gain (ADG) (0.73 vs. 0.69 kg, SEM 0.001), gain:feed (G:F) ratio (0.61 vs. 0.58 kg, SEM 0.011) and a higher CATTD (p < .001) of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), nitrogen (N), ash, gross energy (GE) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) compared with piglets offered the high quality barley diet. Piglets offered the high quality barley‐based diet had reduced faecal scores compared to piglets offered the low quality barley‐based diet (2.44 vs. 2.57, SEM 0.036) (p < .05). There was a higher population of Lactobacillus spp. (11.6 vs. 10.5 log gene copy number/g faeces, SEM 0.177) (p < .001) and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration (185 vs. 165 mmol/g faeces, SEM 5.658) (p < .001) in the faeces of piglets offered the high quality barley‐based diet compared to piglets offered the low quality barley‐based diet. The inclusion of a β‐glucanase and β‐xylanase enzyme complex had no effect on any variable measured. In conclusion, the higher quality barley‐based diet showed beneficial effects on the faecal Lactobacillus spp. population and faecal scores of the piglets; however, the higher level of β‐glucans in the diet decreased nutrient digestibility and subsequently decreased the performance.
Separating Introduction Effects from Selectivity Effects: The Differences in Employment Patterns of Codetermined Firms
Authors: Gralla Rafael , Kraft Kornelius 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis study examines differences in employment growth between firms with and without works councils by separating introduction effects from potential selectivity effects. Using a difference‐in‐differences framework, we show that firms with works councils have higher employment growth before adopting a works council. However, employment growth declines after introduction. We identify the reason for lower employment growth in reduced hiring rates, while dismissal rates remain constant.
Knowledge, attitude and practice among Health Visitors in the United Kingdom toward children's oral health
Authors: Oge Ozkem Azmi , Douglas Gail V. A. , Seymour Diane , Adams Cheryll , Csikar Julia 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine knowledge, attitude, and practical behavior of health visitors regarding children's oral health in the United Kingdom (UK).MethodsA web‐based self‐administered survey with 18 closed and 2 open ended questions was distributed to a convenience sample of approximately 9,000 health visitors who were currently employed in the United Kingdom and a member of the Institute of Health Visiting.ResultsA total of 1,088 health visitors completed the survey, resulting in a response rate of 12%. One‐third of the health visitors reported that they had not received oral health training previously. Almost all agreed that oral health advice/promotion should be included in their routine health visiting contacts. Previous oral health training/education was associated with an increase in oral health knowledge; confidence in entering a discussion with parents/caregivers and willingness to be involved in dental referral process.ConclusionsThe results of our study support the need for health visitors to receive oral health training in oral health promotion including oral health risk assessment, guidance on evidence based up‐to‐date prevention measures, increasing the dental attendance prevalence at early stages and awareness of including specific oral health guidelines/fact sheets into their regular practice.
Who cares about the day after tomorrow? Pension issues when households are myopic or time inconsistent
Authors: Börsch‐Supan Axel , Härtl Klaus , Leite Duarte Nuno 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPension economics has traditionally guided pension policy with the help of formal models based on individuals who think in a life‐cycle context with perfect foresight, full information, and in a time‐consistent manner. Associated macro models were mostly based on a single country. This paper sheds light on several aspects of pension economics when these assumptions do not hold using—to our knowledge—the first multi‐country model of procrastinating households. Our focus is on the interaction between the share of procrastinators in a country, the speed and extent of population aging, and the size of an existing PAYG‐DB pension system. Starting from the insight that procrastination reduces the volume of savings, we focus on three questions that are particularly relevant for the quickly aging Asian economies: What are the consequences for the balance between pay‐as‐you‐go and fully funded pension systems? Where will retirement savings be invested in a globally linked world with very different pension systems and demographics? How large are global spillover effects of pension reforms in one region for the other regions in the world?
Breakthrough Exophiala dermatitidis infection during prophylactic administration of micafungin during second umbilical cord blood transplantation after graft failure
Authors: Watanabe Naoki , Gotoh Akihiko , Shirane Shuichi , Hamano Yasuharu , Hirai Yuji , Shimizu Maika , Nakamura Ayako , Matsumoto Kana , Morita Kunihiko , Mori Takeshi , Ohsaka Akimichi , Komatsu Norio 
Published: January 2018

AbstractExophiala dermatitidis infections in patients with hematological malignancies are very rare. Our patient had a blood stream infection caused by E. dermatitidis following the second umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) after graft failure during the first UCBT. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing a breakthrough fungal infection caused by E. dermatitidis during the prophylactic administration of micafungin (MCFG). Therefore, MCFG‐treated patients should be monitored for breakthrough E. dermatitidis infection during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
A cluster of donor‐derived Cryptococcus neoformans infection affecting lung, liver, and kidney transplant recipients: Case report and review of literature
Authors: Camargo Jose F. , Simkins Jacques , Schain Denise C. , Gonzalez A. Adrian , Alcaide Maria L. , Anjan Shweta , Guerra Giselle , Roth David , Kupin Warren L. , Mattiazzi Adela , Tan Yaohong , Milikowski Clara , Morris Michele I. , Abbo Lilian M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDonor‐derived infections (DDIs) are a very rare but potentially devastating complication of solid organ transplantation. Here we present a cluster of proven donor‐derived cryptococcal infection in the kidney, liver, and lung recipients from a single donor. Remarkably, the onset of illness in the kidney and liver recipients occurred more than 8‐12 weeks after transplantation, which is beyond the incubation period previously reported for donor‐derived cryptococcosis. DDI should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of transplant recipients admitted with febrile illness, even when presenting beyond the first month post‐transplant. Communication between reference laboratories, transplant centers, and organ procurement organizations is critical to improve outcomes.
Reduction in late onset cytomegalovirus primary disease after discontinuation of antiviral prophylaxis in kidney transplant recipients treated with de novo everolimus
Authors: Devresse Arnaud , Leruez‐Ville Marianne , Scemla Anne , Avettand‐Fenoel Véronique , Morin Lise , Lebreton Xavier , Tinel Claire , Amrouche Lucile , Lamhaut Lionel , Timsit Marc Olivier , Zuber Julien , Legendre Christophe , Anglicheau Dany 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundDonor (D)+/recipient (R)− serostatus is closely associated with a higher risk of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and disease. Antiviral prophylaxis is conventionally used in such patients, but late onset CMV infection/disease still occurs after the discontinuation of prophylaxis.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the data of 215 low immunological risk patients who received kidney transplantation in our center between 2011 and 2016.ResultsNinety‐seven patients received a combination of everolimus (EVL)/reduced doses of calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) (EVL group) de novo, and 118 received a combination of mycophenolic acid (MPA)/standard doses of CNI (MPA group) de novo. All patients received induction by basiliximab, steroids, and standardized antiviral prophylaxis depending on their CMV D/R serostatus. D+/R− recipients comprised 17% (n = 16) of the EVL group and 19% (n = 22) of the MPA group (P = .722). In the D+/R− subgroup, the 1‐year incidence of late onset CMV primary disease after the withdrawal of prophylaxis was lower in the EVL group than in the MPA group (6% vs 41%, P = .025) while the rate of CMV disease in the D+/R+ group (8% vs 6%, P = 1) and the D−/R+ group (12% vs 9%, P = 1) were similar. Kaplan‐Meier analysis of 1‐year CMV primary disease‐free survival in seronegative patients was significantly better in the EVL group (P = .029, log‐rank test).ConclusionsOur data suggest that de novo use of EVL may reduce late onset CMV primary disease after the withdrawal of antiviral prophylaxis in kidney transplantation patients.
Norovirus causing severe gastrointestinal disease following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Swartling Lisa , Ljungman Per , Remberger Mats , Sundin Mikael , Tiveljung Annika , Mattsson Jonas , Sparrelid Elda 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundNorovirus (NV) can cause chronic and severe gastroenteritis with possible lethal outcome in immunocompromised patients. The knowledge of NV infections in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients is limited. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical importance of NV in a large cohort of HSCT recipients.MethodsAll patients undergoing HSCT and diagnosed with NV at Karolinska University Hospital from 2006‐2012 were included in the study (63 patients). Clinical data were collected from medical records, and statistics were performed using the logistic regression method.ResultsThe majority of patients (70%) had short‐term symptoms (≤14 days). However, 54% of all patients required admission or prolonged hospitalization owing to the infection. In 16% of the patients the symptoms were chronic (>30 days), and in all but one of these patients the clinical picture also was severe, with malnutrition requiring long‐term TPN, or serious dehydration. Severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) diagnosis was associated with chronic symptoms of NV infection (OR 30.3, CI 2.5‐368).ConclusionNV is an important pathogen in the HSCT setting, although the infection seems to be mild in most patients. Increased knowledge is needed to further identify risk factors for a severe course of NV infection in HSCT patients.
Factors and outcomes in association with sepsis differ between simultaneous pancreas/kidney and single kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Schachtner Thomas , Zaks Marina , Otto Natalie M. , Kahl Andreas , Reinke Petra 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundAs immunosuppressive therapy has improved in simultaneous pancreas/kidney transplant recipients (SPKTRs), infection has become the major limitation of disease‐free survival.MethodsWe studied all SPKTRs and deceased‐donor kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) between 2003 and 2015. Thirty‐six of 134 SPKTRs (26.9%) were diagnosed with sepsis among which 13/36 SPKTRs (36.1%) developed severe sepsis/septic shock. A control group of 98 SPKTRs without sepsis and 61/538 KTRs (11.3%) with sepsis were used for comparison.ResultsAmong SPKTRs, female sex, low BMI, CMV seronegativity, CMV disease, and acute cellular rejection increased the risk for sepsis (P < .05). Patient and allograft survival was comparable among SPKTRs with and without sepsis (P > .05), but showed inferior kidney allograft function (P < .05). While urosepsis was less common among SPKTRs (45%), pneumonia (33%) and peritonitis (15%) as site of infections were more frequent (P < .05). Here, gram‐positive and fungal sepsis were more common among SPKTRs compared to KTRs (P < .05). SPKTRs showed a higher incidence and an earlier onset of sepsis compared to KTRs (P < .001). SPKTRs with severe sepsis/septic shock were more likely to show pneumonia as site of infection with gram‐positive/polymicrobial bacteremia (P < .05). Mortality from severe sepsis was 29% among SPKTRs compared to 58% among KTRs (P < .05).ConclusionDifferences in incidence, site, causative pathogens, and onset of sepsis between SPKTRs and KTRs may be attributed to more intense immunosuppression, major surgery, and complications of diabetes among SPKTRs. Lower sepsis‐related mortality may reflect younger age and more timely diagnosis, but also supports recent findings of less sepsis‐related mortality among recipients of solid organ transplantation.
Impact of electronic health record‐based, pharmacist‐driven valganciclovir dose optimization in solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Hensler David , Richardson Chad L. , Brown Joslyn , Tseng Christine , DeCamp Phyllis J. , Yang Amy , Pawlowski Anna , Ho Bing , Ison Michael G. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundProphylaxis with valganciclovir reduces the incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection following solid organ transplant (SOT). Under‐dosing of valganciclovir is associated with an increased risk of CMV infection and development of ganciclovir‐resistant CMV.MethodsAn automated electronic health record (EHR)‐based, pharmacist‐driven program was developed to optimize dosing of valganciclovir in solid organ transplant recipients at a large transplant center. Two cohorts of kidney, pancreas‐kidney, and liver transplant recipients from our center pre‐implementation (April 2011‐March 2012, n = 303) and post‐implementation of the optimization program (September 2012‐August 2013, n=263) had demographic and key outcomes data collected for 1 year post‐transplant.ResultsThe 1‐year incidence of CMV infection dropped from 56 (18.5%) to 32 (12.2%, P = .05) and the incidence of breakthrough infections on prophylaxis was cut in half (61% vs 34%, P = .03) after implementation of the dose optimization program. The hazard ratio of developing CMV was 1.64 (95% CI 1.06‐2.60, P = .027) for the pre‐implementation group after adjusting for potential confounders. The program also resulted in a numerical reduction in the number of ganciclovir‐resistant CMV cases (2 [0.7%] pre‐implementation vs 0 post‐implementation).ConclusionsAn EHR‐based, pharmacist‐driven valganciclovir dose optimization program was associated with reduction in CMV infections.
Defining the Barriers to Women Publishing in High-Impact Journals
Authors: Overbaugh Julie 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
Publications are an important measure of success in science, and publications in top-tier journals are often highly prized for that reason. This commentary describes gender differences in publication of HIV-related papers that raise questions about best practices in this important aspect of science. Data are needed in cases where there are differences in the publication rates of manuscripts with female versus male senior authors so that approaches that best support diversity in science can be defined.
Is the association between health-related quality of life and fatigue mediated by depression in patients with multiple sclerosis? A Spanish cross-sectional study
Authors: Fernández-Muñoz Juan J , Cigarán-Méndez Margarita , Navarro-Pardo Esperanza , Pérez-de-Heredia-Torres Marta , Parás-Bravo Paula , Fernández-de-las-Peñas César 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesTo determine the mediating effects of depression on health-related quality of life and fatigue in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS).DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingTertiary urban hospital.ParticipantsOne hundred and eight patients (54% women) with MS participated in this study.Outcome measuresDemographic and clinical data (weight, height, medication and neurological impairment), fatigue (Fatigue Impact Scale), depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II) and health-related quality of life (Short-Form Health Survey 36) were collected.ResultsFatigue was significantly associated with bodily pain, physical function, mental health and depression. Depression was associated with bodily pain and mental health. The path analysis found direct effects from physical function, bodily pain and depression to fatigue (all, P<0.01). The path model analysis revealed that depression exerted a mediator effect from bodily pain to fatigue (B=−0.04, P<0.01), and from mental health to fatigue (B=−0.16, P<0.01). The amount of fatigue explained by all predictors in the path model was 37%.ConclusionsThis study found that depression mediates the relationship between some health-related quality of life domains and fatigue in people with MS. Future longitudinal studies focusing on proper management of depressive symptoms in individuals with MS will help determine the clinical implications of these findings.
Hospitalization Rates, Prevalence of Cardiovascular Manifestations, and Outcomes Associated With Sarcoidosis in the United States
Authors: Patel Nirav , Kalra Rajat , Doshi Rajkumar , Arora Harpreet , Bajaj Navkaranbir S. , Arora Garima , Arora Pankaj 
Published: January 2018

Background
Recent trends of hospitalizations and in‐hospital mortality are not well defined in sarcoidosis. We examined aforementioned trends and prevalence of cardiovascular manifestations and explored rates of implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator implantation in hospitalizations with sarcoidosis.

Methods and Results

Using data from the National Inpatient Sample, a retrospective population cohort from 2005 to 2014 was studied. To identify sarcoidosis, an
International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification
(
ICD‐9‐CM
) diagnosis code was used. We excluded hospitalizations with myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, and ischemic cardiomyopathy. Cardiovascular manifestations were defined by the presence of diagnosis codes for conduction disorders, arrhythmias, heart failure, nonischemic cardiomyopathy, and pulmonary hypertension. A total of 609 051 sarcoidosis hospitalizations were identified, with an age of 55±14 years, 67% women, and 50% black. The number of sarcoidosis hospitalizations increased from 2005 through 2014 (138 versus 175 per 100 000,
P
trend
<0.001). We observed declining trends of unadjusted in‐hospital mortality (6.5 to 4.9 per 100 sarcoidosis hospitalizations,
P
trend
<0.001). Overall ≈31% (n=188 438) of sarcoidosis hospitalizations had coexistent cardiovascular manifestations of one or more type. Heart failure (≈16%) and arrhythmias (≈15%) were the most prevalent cardiovascular manifestations. Rates of implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator placement were ≈7.5 per 1000 sarcoidosis hospitalizations (
P
trend
=0.95) during the study period. Black race was associated with 21% increased risk of in‐hospital mortality (odds ratio, 1.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.16–1.27 [
P
<0.001]).

Conclusions
Sarcoidosis hospitalizations have increased over the past decade with a myriad of coexistent cardiovascular manifestations. Black race is a significant predictor of in‐hospital mortality, which is declining. Further efforts are needed to improve care in view of low implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator rates in sarcoidosis.
Diurnal Evolution and Structure of Long-Lived Mesoscale Convective Vortices along the Mei-Yu Front over the East China Plains
Authors: Zhang Yuanchun , Zhang Fuqing , Davis Christopher A. , Sun Jianhua 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The structure and diurnal evolution of long-lived, eastward-propagating mesoscale convective vortices (MCVs) along typical summertime mei-yu fronts over the east China plains are investigated through composite analysis of a 30-day semi-idealized simulation. The simulation uses lateral boundary conditions that vary only diurnally in time using analyses of recurring MCV events during 1–10 July 2007. Hence, the behavior of convection and vorticity follows a closely repeating diurnal cycle for each day during the simulation. Assisted by the eastward extension of enhanced vorticity anomalies from the Sichuan basin, the incipient MCV forms in the morning hours over the immediate lee (east) of the central China mountain ranges (stage 1). From local afternoon to early evening, as the MCV moves over the plains, convection weakens in the daytime downward branch of the mountain–plains solenoid. This allows the upper-level and lower-level portions of the vortex to partially decouple, and for convection to shift to the east-southeast side of the surface vortex (stage 2). Immediately after sunset, convection reinvigorates above the low-level MCV center as a result of moistening and destabilization from a combination of radiative forcing and an intensified low-level jet. This intensifies the MCV to maturity (stage 3). The mature MCV eventually evolves into an occluding subsynoptic cyclone with strong convection across all sectors of the low-level vorticity center during the subsequent day’s morning hours along the east China coastal plains before it moves offshore (stage 4).
Quantifying Isentropic Mixing Linked to Rossby Wave Breaking in a Modified Lagrangian Coordinate
Authors: Liu Chengji , Barnes Elizabeth A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIsentropic mixing is an important process for the distribution of chemical constituents in the mid- to high latitudes. A modified Lagrangian framework is applied to quantify the mixing associated with two distinct types of Rossby wave breaking (i.e., cyclonic and anticyclonic). In idealized numerical simulations, cyclonic wave breaking (CWB) exhibits either comparable or stronger mixing than anticyclonic wave breaking (AWB). Although the frequencies of AWB and CWB both have robust relationships with the jet position, this asymmetry leads to CWB dominating mixing variability related to the jet shifting. In particular, when the jet shifts poleward the mixing strength decreases in areas of the midlatitude troposphere and also decreases on the poleward side of the jet. This is due to decreasing CWB occurrence with a poleward shift of the jet. Across the tropopause, equatorward of the jet, where AWB mostly occurs and CWB rarely occurs, the mixing strength increases as AWB occurs more frequently with a poleward shift of the jet. The dynamical relationship above is expected to be relevant both for internal climate variability, such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the annular modes, and for future climate change that may drive changes in the jet position.