bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the plant-back interval for glyphosate/glufosinate-resistant corn after the application of ACCase inhibitors
Authors: Mahoney K.J. , Shropshire C. , Sikkema P.H. 
Published: February 2016

Field experiments in 2013 and 2014 examined corn (Zea mays L.) tolerance to acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) inhibiting herbicides in a scenario where they would have been used to terminate a failed corn stand prior to replanting. To simulate this, herbicides were applied 1 wk or 1 d preplant (PP) and several parameters were measured. Corn injury 1, 2, 4, or 8 wk after emergence (WAE) was similar to the untreated control, regardless of herbicide, rate, or PP application timing. Across herbicides and rates, PP timing did not affect plant stand and aboveground biomass 2 WAE, plant height 4 WAE, or yield. Across application timings, plant stand and aboveground biomass were similar to the untreated control, regardless of herbicide treatment or rate; however, some herbicides reduced height and (or) yield. For example, compared with the untreated control, fluazifop-p-butyl (75 and 150 g ha−1) and sethoxydim (300 g ha−1) each reduced height by about 3%, while clethodim (30 and 60 g ha−1), fluazifop-p-butyl (150 g ha−1), and quizalofop-p-ethyl (72 g ha−1) each reduced yield by about 2%. Therefore, in situations where a grower may need to terminate a failed corn stand, the selection of ACCase-inhibiting herbicides could be based on efficacy rather than plant-back restrictions.
Aspergillus flavus Population and Aflatoxin B1 Content of Processed Peanut Products in Municipality of Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Dharmaputra Okky Setyawati , Ambarwati Santi , Retnowati Ina , Windyarani Amanda 
Published: February 2016

The objectives of this study were to get informations on the population of A. flavus and aflatoxin B1 content of five processed peanut products collected from retailers in Kecamatan Bogor Tengah (Subdistrict of Central Bogor), Municipality of Bogor. A total of 129 samples of processed peanut products was collected. They consisted of roasted peanuts with skin pods (33 samples), flour-coated peanuts (33), siomay sauce (18), pecel/gado-gado sauce (33) and satai sauce (12). A sample each of 2 000 g roasted peanuts with skin pods as well as flour-coated peanuts, and a sample each of 1 500 g siomay sauce, pecel/gado-gado sauce as well as satai sauce was mixed homogenously. It was then divided two times manually to obtain working samples to determine A. flavus population, AFB1 content and a reserve sample. Peanut kernels of roasted peanuts with skin pods and flour-coated peanuts were obtained by peeling their skin pods and the batter coat of tapioca flour manually, respectively. Aspergillus flavus in peanut processed products was isolated using a serial dilution method, followed by pour plate method on Aspergillus Flavus and Parasiticus Agar (AFPA). AFB1 content was determined using Thin Layer Chromatography method. Two replicates were used for each sample. The results showed that the population of A. flavus in roasted peanuts with skin pods, flour-coated peanuts, siomay sauce, pecel/gado-gado sauce and satai sauce were 0.3, 0.1, 0.3, 13.2 and 0.4 cfu/g (wet basis), respectively. The highest AFB1 content ofÂ processed peanut products (43.2 ppb) was found in roasted peanuts with skin pods, followed by flour-coated peanuts (34.3 ppb), satai sauce (23.2 ppb), pecel/gado-gado sauce (17.1 ppb) and siomay sauce (4.4 ppb).Key words : Aspergillus flavus, aflatoxin B1, processed peanut products, Municipality of Bogor
Genetic Variation, Heritability and Correlation between Resin Production Character of Pinus merkusii High Resin Yielder (HRy) in Cijambu Seedling Seed Orchard (SSO)
Authors: Iswanto Arida Susilowati , Supriyanto Supriyanto , Siregar Iskandar Z. , Wahyudi Imam , Corryanti Corryanti 
Published: February 2016

Selection high resin candidate P.merkusii is a series of breeding activities to get high resin production trait of pine trees.Â In selection process of candidate tress, genetic diversity playsÂ very important role because higher genetic diversity will give higher opportunity to get source of genes for improved trait. Selection activities of high resin yielder candidates were started Â in 2006 through a series of survey activity and morphological identification of candidate trees with high resin production. Specific information about traits genetically related to resin production in Cijambu Seedling Seed Orchard is still not determined yet , although based on resin distribution trend this SSO has the highest mean of resin production. Â In this study, progenies planted in 1978 -1983 were evaluated to determine the effectiveness of previous selection, as well as the value of heritability and phenotypic traits that allegedly related with resin production. The results showed high value of coefficient genetic variation (CVG:16.08%), narrow sense heritability values for resin production trait (0.65) and resemble with previous research. This indicates that genetic factor was Â dominant for resin production and selection activities has been done for 30 years was effective to get high yielder superior candidate.Â Bark thickness, crown length and stem diameter trait was positively significant correlated to resin production, whereas level of pests and diseases was negatively significant correlated to resin production, it is possible that Â the trait related with lighting conditions that supporting photosynthesis process and number of resin duct in the wood. Â Key words: Selection, high resin yielder, P. merkusii, variation, heritability,phenotypic
Identification of Ralstonia solanacearum Isolated from a New Host : Cosmos caudatus in Indonesia
Authors: Hanudin Hanudin , Budiarto Kurniawan , Marwoto Budi 
Published: February 2016

The evolutionary dynamic of pathogenic microorganism might change pathogen-host interaction including the establishment of pathogen colonization in a new host.Â The information of the new host of devastating pathogens will serve a basis for their control method.Â An unknown bacterial wilt disease attacking wild cosmos (Cosmos caudatus) crop in Pacet-Cianjur, Indonesia was suspiciously caused a novel strain of RalstoniaÂ solanacearum.Â The research was carried out to investigate the causal agent, characteristics and its grouping based on the morphological, physiological and biochemical properties and the relationship of the pathogen with the hosts.Â The results showed the incidence of bacterial wilt on wild cosmos was epidemiologically caused by the species complex of pathogen R. solanacearum.Â Based on the symptoms, morphological, physiological, biochemical and pathogenicity evaluations, the strain classified into group 7, race 1 and biovar 3 and group 7.Â This was the first report of the incidence of R. solanacearum hosted naturally in wild cosmos in Indonesia.
Identification of Aspergillus flavus and Detection of Its Aflatoxin Genes Isolated from Peanut and Peanut Processed Products
Authors: Nagur Kemala S. , Sukarno Nampiah , Listiyowati Sri 
Published: February 2016

Aspergillus flavus is one of the main fungi that are able to produce aflatoxin.The presence of the fungi and its aflatoxin are become serious problem on food safety. This research was aimed to isolate and identify A. flavus from peanut and its processed products collected from some traditional markets in Bogor, Depok and Jakarta, and detection of their aflatoxin genes. Fungal isolation was using AFPA media. Fungal identification was carried out by combining morphological and molecular analysis used species specific primers FVAVIQ1/FLAQ2 and AFLA-F/AFLA-R, while detection ofÂ aflatoxin genes employed four specific primers of apa-2 (aflR), nor-1 (aflD), ver-1 (aflM) and omt-1 (aflP). From 36 samples, the A. flavus group was only found in peanut kernels samples with viable count of specific colonies in the range of 0.01-5.52 x 10-4 cfu/g. The total 18 isolates were identified as A. flavus based on species specific primers FVAVIQ1/FLAQ2 and AFLA-F/AFLA-R by producing amplicons about 100 and 413 bp respectively. Based on aflatoxin gene analysis showed that all 18 isolates successfully amplified by both apa-2 and nor-1, 83.3 % by omt-1 and 72.2 % by ver-1 genes which taking part in aflatoxin production. The amplicons size of apa-2, nor-1, ver-1 and omt-1 Â Â primer pairs were about 1032, 400, 895 and 1024 bp respectively.
High Turbidity Affects Filtration Rate and Pseudofaeces Production of the Mud Clam Polymesoda erosa (Solander 1876) (Bivalvia: Corbiculidae)
Authors: Argente Francis Albert Tabo , Cesar Senona A. , Cesar Senona A. , Dy Danilo T. , Dy Danilo T. 
Published: February 2016

P. erosa is an economically- and ecologically-important bivalve which thrives in brackishwater mangroves or Nypa zones. Unpredictable weather conditions and unregulated anthropogenic activities in mangrove area could lead to high turbidity conditions and possibly affect the filtering capacity of P. erosa. A laboratory experiment was conducted to determine the effects of turbidity concentration and body size on the filtration rate and pseudofaeces production of P. erosa. Filtration rates significantly increased with higher turbidity concentration up to 750 mg L-1 (P < 0.05). Pseudofaeces production also increased with increasing turbidity concentration (P < 0.05).Â Body size did not affect the filtration and pseudofaeces production of P. erosa. Results suggest that P. erosa is resilient to highly disturbed, turbid environments and therefore could be a potential candidate species for aquaculture.
Mortality and Ingrowth Pattern of Dipterocarps in Forest Recovery in East Kalimantan
Authors: Susanty Farida H. , Suhendang Endang , Jaya I Nengah Surati , Kusmana Cecep 
Published: February 2016

In primary and logged-over natural forest, the stand conditions such as stand structure, mortality and ingrowth rates will vary according to the species characteristic.Â The study objective was to determine mortality and ingrowth/recruitment rates to formulate biometric characteristic variability of dipterocarps forest in logged-over forests based on time series data.Â The study site was located in Labanan, East Kalimantan Province. Permanent measurement plots within logged-over forest were located to represent threedifferent logging techniques, i.e., (a)reduced impact logging with limit diameter 50 cm (RIL 50), (b) RIL 60, (c) conventional logging and (d) primary forest as control.Â Total plot permanent area about 48 ha that measured 2 years periodically along 17 years after logging. Â Data analysis of stands were divided into two major groups, i.e., Dipterocarps and non Dipterocarps. The mortality rates on logged forest were 2.5-29.3% ha-1 2yr-1 then very closed to primary forest after the 5th year after logging.Â While the ingrowth rate in logged forest were 1.3 â€“ 21.3% ha-1 2yr-1 that have higher value than the primary forest along 17 years.Â The mortality and ingrowth rates fluctuation of Dipterocarps species group having different pattern with non Dipterocarps.Â Â Keywords: Dipterocarps, logged-over forest, mortality, ingrowth
Introduction of the Serine Green Fluorescent Protein (sGFP) Gene into Pyricularia grisea Race dc4 Isolated from Digitaria ciliaris using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated Genetic Transformation
Authors: Stephanie Stephanie , Widyastuti Utut , Wiyono Suryo 
Published: February 2016

Gene serin Green Fluorescent Protein (sGFP) has been used to monitor gene expression specific tagged proteins that has implication for fungal cell study. This research aimed to introduce sGFP gene into genome of P. grisea dc4 from D. ciliaris using A. tumefaciens. Plasmid sGFP was introduced into A. tumefaciens by triparental mating method (TPM). Genetic transformation was performed by co-cultivating spore P. grisea dc4 with A. tumefaciens LBA4404â€“pCAMB-sGFP. Pyricularia grisea dc4 transformant was selected by using selection medium that contains 300 Âµg/ml hygromycin. The integration of sGFP gene into genome was confirmed by PCR usingÂ sGFPâ€™s spesific primer pair, sGFP-Nos terminator primer pair and Î²-Tubulin primer pair as internal control. Expression of sGFP from P. grisea dc4 transformant were detected with blue light fluorescent microscope.
The Expansion of Merremia peltata (L.) Merrill in Fragmented Forest of Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park Enhanced by Its Ecophysiological Attributes
Authors: Yansen Yansen , Wiryono Wiryono , Deselina Deselina , Hidayat Muhammad F. , Depari Efratenta K. 
Published: February 2016

Forest opening and fragmentation may affect the composition of vegetation by permitting the expansion or domination of one or two species in the area.This study found that Merremia peltata, an invasive climbing/creeping species, has dominated some areas of Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP). Domination of this species was favoured by forest fragmentation, indicated by the significantly higher number of individuals of M. peltata in the open area than in intact forest. The ecophysiological characters of M. peltata support the ability of this species to become a strong invader. As the expansion of this species may negatively affect the biodiversity and vegetation health, the application of appropriate ecological approaches to control the domination of M. peltata in the conservation area is necessary.Â Â
Increased Atmospheric CO2 Growth Rate during El Niño Driven by Reduced Terrestrial Productivity in the CMIP5 ESMs
Authors: Kim Jin-Soo , Kug Jong-Seong , Yoon Jin-Ho , Jeong Su-Jong 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Better understanding of factors that control the global carbon cycle could increase confidence in climate projections. Previous studies found good correlation between the growth rate of atmospheric CO2 concentration and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The growth rate of atmospheric CO2 increases during El Niño but decreases during La Niña. In this study, long-term simulations of the Earth system models (ESMs) in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project archive were used to examine the interannual carbon flux variability associated with ENSO. The ESMs simulate the relationship reasonably well with a delay of several months between ENSO and the changes in atmospheric CO2. The increase in atmospheric CO2 associated with El Niño is mostly caused by decreasing net primary production (NPP) in the ESMs. It is suggested that NPP anomalies over South Asia are at their maxima during boreal spring; therefore, the increase in CO2 concentration lags 4–5 months behind the peak phase of El Niño. The decrease in NPP during El Niño may be caused by decreased precipitation and increased temperature over tropical regions. Furthermore, systematic errors may exist in the ESM-simulated temperature responses to ENSO phases over tropical land areas, and these errors may lead to an overestimation of ENSO-related NPP anomalies. In contrast, carbon fluxes from heterotrophic respiration and natural fires are likely underestimated in the ESMs compared with offline model results and observational estimates, respectively. These uncertainties should be considered in long-term projections that include climate–carbon feedbacks.
Development and Analysis of a Long-Term, Global, Terrestrial Land Surface Temperature Dataset Based on HIRS Satellite Retrievals
Authors: Siemann Amanda L. , Coccia Gabriele , Pan Ming , Wood Eric F. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Land surface temperature (LST) is a critical state variable for surface energy exchanges as it is one of the controls on emitted radiation at Earth’s surface. LST also exerts an important control on turbulent fluxes through the temperature gradient between LST and air temperature. Although observations of surface energy balance components are widely accessible from in situ stations in most developed regions, these ground-based observations are not available in many underdeveloped regions. Satellite remote sensing measurements provide wider spatial coverage to derive LST over land and are used in this study to form a high-resolution, long-term LST data product. As selected by the Global Energy and Water Exchanges project (GEWEX) Data and Assessments Panel (GDAP) for development of internally consistent datasets, the High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) data are used for the primary satellite observations because of the data record length. The final HIRS-consistent, hourly, global, 0.5° resolution LST dataset for clear and cloudy conditions from 1979 to 2009 is developed through merging the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) LST estimates with the HIRS retrievals using a Bayesian postprocessing procedure. The Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) observations are used to validate the HIRS retrievals, the CFSR LST estimates, and the final merged LST dataset. An intercomparison between the original retrievals and CFSR LST datasets, before and after merging, is also presented with an analysis of the datasets, including an error assessment of the final LST dataset.
Impacts of Interactive Stratospheric Chemistry on Antarctic and Southern Ocean Climate Change in the Goddard Earth Observing System, Version 5 (GEOS-5)
Authors: Li Feng , Vikhliaev Yury V. , Newman Paul A. , Pawson Steven , Perlwitz Judith , Waugh Darryn W. , Douglass Anne R. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Stratospheric ozone depletion plays a major role in driving climate change in the Southern Hemisphere. To date, many climate models prescribe the stratospheric ozone layer’s evolution using monthly and zonally averaged ozone fields. However, the prescribed ozone underestimates Antarctic ozone depletion and lacks zonal asymmetries. This study investigates the impact of using interactive stratospheric chemistry instead of prescribed ozone on climate change simulations of the Antarctic and Southern Ocean. Two sets of 1960–2010 ensemble transient simulations are conducted with the coupled ocean version of the Goddard Earth Observing System Model, version 5: one with interactive stratospheric chemistry and the other with prescribed ozone derived from the same interactive simulations. The model’s climatology is evaluated using observations and reanalysis. Comparison of the 1979–2010 climate trends between these two simulations reveals that interactive chemistry has important effects on climate change not only in the Antarctic stratosphere, troposphere, and surface, but also in the Southern Ocean and Antarctic sea ice. Interactive chemistry causes stronger Antarctic lower stratosphere cooling and circumpolar westerly acceleration during November–January. It enhances stratosphere–troposphere coupling and leads to significantly larger tropospheric and surface westerly changes. The significantly stronger surface wind stress trends cause larger increases of the Southern Ocean meridional overturning circulation, leading to year-round stronger ocean warming near the surface and enhanced Antarctic sea ice decrease.
Easily identified at-risk patients for extubation failure may benefit from noninvasive ventilation: a prospective before-after study
Authors: Thille Arnaud W. , Boissier Florence , Ben-Ghezala Hassen , Razazi Keyvan , Mekontso-Dessap Armand , Brun-Buisson Christian , Brochard Laurent 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Background
While studies have suggested that prophylactic noninvasive ventilation (NIV) could prevent post-extubation respiratory failure in the intensive care unit, they appear inconsistent with regard to reintubation. We assessed the impact of a prophylactic NIV protocol on reintubation in a large population of at-risk patients.

Methods
Prospective before-after study performed in the medical ICU of a teaching referral hospital. In the control cohort, we determined that patients older than 65 years and those with underlying cardiac or respiratory disease were at high-risk for reintubation. In the interventional cohort, we implemented a protocol using prophylactic NIV in all patients intubated at least 24 h and having one of these risk factors. NIV was immediately applied after planned extubation during at least the first 24 hours. Extubation failure was defined by the need for reintubation within seven days following extubation.

Results
We included 83 patients at high-risk among 132 extubated patients in the control cohort (12-month period) and 150 patients at high-risk among 225 extubated patients in the NIV cohort (18-month period). The reintubation rate was significantly decreased from 28 % in the control cohort (23/83) to 15 % (23/150) in the NIV cohort (p = 0.02 log-rank test), whereas the non-at-risk patients did not significantly differ in the two periods (10.2 % vs. 10.7 %, p = 0.93). After multivariate logistic-regression analysis, the use of prophylactic NIV protocol was independently associated with extubation success.

Conclusions
The implementation of prophylactic NIV after extubation may reduce the reintubation rate in a large population of patients with easily identified risk factors for extubation failure.
Risk Aversion and Wealth: Evidence from Person-to-Person Lending Portfolios
Authors: Paravisini Daniel , Rappoport Veronica , Ravina Enrichetta 
Published: February 2016

We estimate risk aversion from investors’ financial decisions in a person-to-person lending platform. We develop a method that obtains a risk-aversion parameter from each portfolio choice. Since the same individuals invest repeatedly, we construct a panel data set that we use to disentangle heterogeneity in attitudes toward risk across investors, from the elasticity of risk aversion to changes in wealth. We find that wealthier investors are more risk averse in the cross section and that investors become more risk averse after a negative housing wealth shock. Thus, investors exhibit preferences consistent with decreasing relative risk aversion and habit formation. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2317 . This paper was accepted by Amit Seru, finance.
Intertemporal Uncertainty Avoidance: When the Future Is Uncertain, People Prefer the Present, and When the Present Is Uncertain, People Prefer the Future
Authors: Hardisty David J. , Pfeffer Jeffrey 
Published: February 2016

Three studies explored the effects of uncertainty on people’s time preferences for financial gains and losses. In general, individuals seek to avoid uncertainty in situations of intertemporal choice. While holding the expected value of payouts constant, participants preferred immediate gains and losses if the future was uncertain, and preferred future gains and losses if the present was uncertain. This pattern of preferences is incompatible with current models of intertemporal choice, in which people should consistently prefer to have gains now and losses later. This pattern of uncertainty avoidance is also not explained by prospect theory models, which predict risk seeking for losses. We discuss these findings in relation to previous literature. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2349 . This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, judgment and decision making.