bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical indicators for insects caught in the development trap
Authors: Blackshaw R. P. , Esbjerg P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe effects of climate change on insect phenologies are of current interest, but little attention has been given to the potential driver for population decline of increased mortality arising from the failure to reach a viable overwintering stage. We use numerical simulation modelling to show that increased mortality from a partial second generation results in the weakening of density dependence, whereas increasing mortality within the first generation does not. These general results are then compared with annual trap count data for the moth Agrotis segetum (Denis and Schiffermüller) in Denmark, a species which is in decline there because a partial second generation fails to survive the winter. Results from the moth data are consistent with those from the simulations, and we conclude that the development trap phenomenon can be detected by the application of simple statistical tests to time‐series data.
Erythritol ingestion impairs adult reproduction and causes larval mortality in Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
Authors: O'Donnell S. , Baudier K. , Fiocca K. , Marenda D. R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPrevious feeding studies showed the polyalcohol erythritol was toxic when ingested by adult laboratory fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster). We asked whether erythritol could additionally affect fly population growth either through larval toxicity or through effects on adult reproduction. Females did not avoid laying on food substrates with 1M erythritol; laying rate on 1M erythritol food was similar to control food when females were given free‐choice access. Eggs laid or placed on 0.5 M to 2.5 M erythritol foods hatched at normal rates, suggesting erythritol was not toxic to eggs upon contact. Drosophila melanogaster larvae readily consumed food containing 1 M erythritol, but none of these larvae reached pupation. Longevity of larvae feeding on in 1 M erythritol food was significantly reduced relative to controls, and mean ± SE larval lifespan on erythritol was 1.54 ± 0.10 days (max. = 3 days). Exposing cohorts of second‐instar larvae to food with varying concentrations of erythritol showed the LD50 (at 24 hr) concentration was approximately 0.6 M. Taken together, these results suggest erythritol could be employed in effective larval‐sink baits. Adults flies fed with erythritol produced significantly fewer eggs on days when they fed on 1 M erythritol, and egg production was significantly reduced for one additional day after the adults were moved to control food. These findings suggest erythritol is rapid and effective at temporarily suppressing D. melanogaster reproduction, increasing its potential for use in effective insect population control.
Exercise or Social Intervention for Nursing Home Residents with Dementia: A Pilot Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: de Souto Barreto Philipe , Cesari Matteo , Denormandie Philippe , Armaingaud Didier , Vellas Bruno , Rolland Yves 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesTo compare the effects of exercise with those of a structured nonphysical intervention on ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) and physical and cognitive function of persons with dementia (PWDs) living in nursing homes (NH).DesignCluster‐randomized pilot‐controlled trial.SettingSeven French NHs.ParticipantsPWDs living in NHs.MeasurementsNHs were randomized to an exercise group (4 NHs, n = 47) or structured social activity group (3 NHs, n = 50) for a 24‐week intervention performed twice per week for 60 minutes per session. The main endpoint was ADL performance (Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study Activities of Daily Living Inventory for Severe Alzheimer's Disease Scale (ADCS‐ADL‐sev); range 0–54, higher is better); secondary endpoints were overall cognitive function (Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE)) and performance‐based tests of physical function (Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), usual gait speed).ResultsNinety‐one participants with at least one postbaseline ADL assessment were included in efficacy analysis. Groups differed at baseline in terms of sex, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and nutritional status. Multilevel analysis adjusted for baseline differences between groups found no significant difference between effects of exercise and social activity (group‐by‐time interaction), with adjusted mean differences at 6 months of 1.9 points for ADCS‐ADL‐sev and 0.55 points for MMSE favoring social activity and 0.6 points for SPPB and 0.05 m/s favoring exercise. Adverse events did not differ between groups, except that the social activity group had more falls than the exercise group.ConclusionA larger, longer trial is required to determine whether exercise has greater health benefits than nonphysical interventions for institutionalized PWDs.
Type 2 diabetes and glucose intolerance in a population with intellectual disabilities: the STOP diabetes cross‐sectional screening study
Authors: Dunkley A. J. , Tyrer F. , Gray L. J. , Bhaumik S. , Spong R. , Chudasama Y. , Cooper S.‐A. , Ganghadaran S. , Davies M. , Khunti K. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundAdults with intellectual disabilities (ID) may be at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, due to lifestyle factors, medications and other diagnosed conditions. Currently, there is lack of evidence on prevalence and prevention in this population. The aim of this study was to conduct a diabetes screening programme to determine prevalence of previously undiagnosed type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose regulation in people with ID.MethodsScreening was conducted in a variety of community settings in Leicestershire, UK. Adults with ID were invited via: general practices; the Leicestershire Learning Disability Register; ID psychiatric services; and some people directly contacted the research team due to publicity about the study. Screening involved collection of anthropometric, biomedical and questionnaire data. Type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose regulation were defined according to (venous) fasting plasma glucose or HbA1c, following current World Health Organisation criteria.ResultsNine hundred thirty adults (29% of those approached) participated. Mean age was 43 years, 58% were male and 16% of South Asian ethnicity. Most participants were either overweight or obese (68%). Diabetes status was successfully assessed for 675 (73%) participants: Nine (1.3%, 95% confidence interval 0.6 to 2.5) were found to have undiagnosed type 2 diabetes, and 35 (5.2%, 95% confidence interval 3.6 to 7.1) had impaired glucose regulation. Key factors associated with abnormal glucose regulation included the following: non‐white ethnicity and a first degree family history of diabetes.ConclusionsResults from this large multi‐ethnic cohort suggest a low prevalence of screen‐detected (previously undiagnosed) type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose regulation in adults with ID. However, the high levels of overweight and obesity we found emphasise the need for targeted lifestyle prevention strategies, which are specifically tailored for the needs of people with ID.
Molecular species of prostaglandins involved in modulating luteinising hormone pulses of female rats under infectious stress conditions
Authors: Matsuwaki T. , Komatsuda M. , Fujisawa A. , Doke M. , Yamanouchi K. , Nishihara M. 
Published: May 2017

Mammalian reproductive function is controlled by the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal (HPG) axis, which is suppressed under infectious stress conditions. By analysing the pulsatility of luteinising hormone (LH), we have previously demonstrated that prostaglandins (PGs) in the central nervous system mediate infectious stress to suppress the activity of the HPG axis. The present study aimed to characterise the types of PGs responsible for suppression of the HPG axis. We focused on three major types of PGs: PGE2, PGD2 and PGF2α. We used female rats overiectomised bilaterally 1 week before the experiments. Lipopolysaccharide (100 μg kg–1) suppressed LH pulses at the same time as enhancing the concentration of all three PGs in the cerebrospinal fluid, which was restored by indomethacin (10 mg kg–1). Subsequently, we observed LH pulsatility after a single injection of each PG and after co‐injection of PGE2 with PGF2α into the third cerebral ventricle. A single injection of PGE2 dose‐dependently induced a transient increase in mean LH concentration and LH pulse amplitude, and PGD2 significantly increased the amplitude of LH pulses, wereas PGF2α did not affect LH pulsatility. On the other hand, co‐injection of PGE2 and PGF2α induced a significant suppression of both the frequency and amplitude of LH pulses. These results suggest that PGE2 and PGF2α can represent two of the mediators that suppress the HPG axis in situations of infectious stress. Moreover, the results imply that there are two contradictory effects of PGE2 on LH pulsatility: (i) enhancive when working alone and (ii) suppressive when working together with PGF2α.
Fetoscopic laser photocoagulation for amniotic fluid discordance bordering on twin–twin transfusion syndrome: Feasibility, perinatal and long‐term outcomes
Authors: Ozawa Katsusuke , Sugibayashi Rika , Wada Seiji , Sumie Masahiro , Ishii Keisuke , Nakata Masahiko , Murakoshi Takeshi , Ito Yushi , Sago Haruhiko 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimThis study investigated the feasibility and safety of fetoscopic laser photocoagulation (FLP) for amniotic fluid discordance (AFD) bordering on twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) with an absent or reverse end‐diastolic velocity (AREDV) in the umbilical artery (UA), and evaluated the perinatal and long‐term outcomes.MethodsA prospective intervention study was performed between 20 + 0 and 25 + 6 weeks of gestation (UMIN000004165). AFD bordering on TTTS was defined as maximum vertical pocket (MVP) of amniotic fluid in one twin's sac ≤3 cm and amniotic fluid MVP in the other twin's sac ≥7 cm excluding TTTS. Neurodevelopmental outcome was evaluated at 6 months and at 3 years of age.ResultsEleven women were treated without complications between September 2010 and July 2011. In all cases amnioinfusion was required, with a median surgical time of 70 min. There were nine cases of selective intrauterine growth restriction in which the growth discordant rate was >25%. The survival rates of the donor and recipient twins were 27.3% (3/11) and 100% (11/11), respectively. None of the surviving donor twins and two of the 11 recipient twins had hemiplegia at 6 months of age. One additional recipient twin had developmental delay at 3 years of age.ConclusionsFetoscopic laser photocoagulation for AFD bordering on TTTS with AREDV in the UA was feasible without complications but frequently resulted in donor twin death and a high survival rate of the recipient twin, albeit with neurodevelopmental abnormalities in some cases. FLP does not seem to be a promising treatment option for AFD bordering on TTTS.
Primary peritoneal psammocarcinoma
Authors: Arole Vidya Chandrakant , Deshpande Kalpana Ananad , Jadhav Dipashri Bhaurao , Jogi Akash 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPsammocarcinoma is a rare low‐grade serous carcinoma arising either from ovary or peritoneum and is characterized by extensive psammomatous calcifications and invasion of surrounding structures. Prognostically, psammocarcinoma resembles borderline serous tumor and has a much more favorable outcome than the common serous carcinoma of ovary and peritoneum.
Association study of interleukin‐1 family, interleukin‐6, and its receptor gene polymorphisms in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis
Authors: Izakovicova Holla Lydie , Valova Simona , Borilova Linhartova Petra , Bartova Jirina , Petanova Jitka , Kuklinek Pavel , Fassmann Antonin 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundRecurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most common oral chronic ulcerative disease in which proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) are thought to play an important role. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association between polymorphisms in the IL‐1 cytokine family, IL‐6 or its receptor and RAS in the Czech population.MethodsA total of 248 subjects, 184 healthy controls, and 64 patients with RAS were genotyped for IL‐1A‐889C>T, IL‐1B‐511C>T, IL‐1B+3953C>T, IL‐1RN86 bp variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs) in intron 2, IL‐6‐597G>A, IL‐6‐572G>C, IL‐6‐174G>C, and IL‐6R+48992A>C by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods.ResultsNo significant differences between investigated polymorphisms in healthy subjects and patients with RAS were detected (P>.05). In addition, complex analysis also revealed similar IL‐1 or IL‐6 haplotype frequencies between both groups (P>.05).ConclusionsIn conclusion, IL‐1 and IL‐6 or its receptor gene variants cannot be used as markers for identification of Czech patients with increased risk of recurrent aphthous stomatitis.
Development and demolition: a career in mental health nursing and 10 lessons learned
Authors: Butterworth T. 
Published: May 2017

Accessible summaryPresented as part of the Ellen Skellern lifetime achievement award in 2016 this paper reflects on a career in mental health nursing and academia spanning 53 years. The presentation offers a series of key lessons learned in that time. They include observations on health care organisations, educational experiences, the nursing profession and the illusion of permanence in health care service organisations and the buildings that house them. The paper offers an account of how a profession must constantly develop to be relevant and how the demolition of both buildings and organisations have been a fact of life in the five decades reported.
In search of the phylogenetic affinity of the temperate woody bamboos from Madagascar, with description of a new species (Bambusoideae, Poaceae)
Authors: Zhang Yu‐Xiao , Ma Peng‐Fei , Havermans Thomas , Vorontsova Maria S. , Zhang Ting , Nanjarisoa Olinirina Prisca , Li De‐Zhu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSix temperate woody bamboos (Arundinarieae, Bambusoideae) from Madagascar were described in the genus Arundinaria during the 1920s to 1960s. However, recent phylogenetic studies imply that Arundinaria is restricted to North America, and taxonomic affiliation of the Malagasy temperate woody bamboos remained ambiguous. In search of phylogenetic affinity of these bamboos, herbarium observation, fieldwork, and molecular phylogenetic analysis have been carried out. Four of them and one potential new species were sampled for molecular phylogenetic analyses in the context of the tribe Arundinarieae. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses indicated that those species were closely related to Oldeania alpina distributed in continental Africa, but not Arundinaria, Bergbambos, Fargesia (including Sinarundinaria), Thamnocalamus, or Yushania, in which they were placed at one time or another. On the grounds of molecular phylogeny, morphology, and phytogeography, the Malagasy temperate woody bamboos should be treated as members of the genus Oldeania. Arundinaria humbertii and A. ambositrensis are conspecific. A new species, Oldeania itremoensis, is described and illustrated. The other two temperate woody bamboo species in Madagascar not sampled in the molecular phylogeny are also transferred to Oldeania on the basis of morphology.
Neurologic Clinical Signs in Cattle With Astrovirus‐Associated Encephalitis
Authors: Deiss R. , Selimovic‐Hamza S. , Seuberlich T. , Meylan M. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundEvidence of neurotropic astroviruses has been established using novel genetic methods in cattle suffering from viral encephalitis of previously unknown origin.ObjectivesTo describe the clinical signs observed in cattle with astrovirus‐associated encephalitis.AnimalsEight cattle (4 cows, 3 heifers, and 1 bull of 4 different breeds) admitted to the Clinic for Ruminants for neurologic disease and 1 cow investigated in the field.MethodsCases were selected based on neuropathologic diagnosis of nonsuppurative encephalitis, positive in situ hybridization result for astrovirus, and availability of the results of physical and neurologic evaluations. Laboratory results were evaluated if available.ResultsThe most frequently observed clinical signs were decreased awareness of surroundings (7), cranial nerve dysfunction (5), and recumbency (5). The cow seen in the field was the only animal that had severe behavioral changes. Cell counts in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were increased in 4 animals, and protein concentration was increased in 3 of 5 specimens. In 1 case, the presence of astrovirus could be identified in a CSF sample by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Other laboratory abnormalities were nonspecific.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAstrovirus infection may be an important differential diagnosis in cattle with clinical signs of brain disease and should be considered after exclusion of other causes. The clinical and epidemiological relevance of encephalitis associated with astrovirus infection should be further investigated.
Locally Grown Oysters in Hawai‘i: Chef Preference and Local Premium?
Authors: Chen Jessie Q. , Haws Maria C. , Fong Quentin S. W. , Leung PingSun 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLocally grown oysters became available in Hawai‘i in 2014, for the first time in decades. It is unclear if these bivalve shellfish will successfully infiltrate the market when imported products similar in nature have long been the only source of fresh, shell stock products. This study investigates chef preferences for oyster attributes to determine marginal willingness to pay for locally grown oysters. A survey containing a questionnaire and a choice experiment was administered to restaurant chefs throughout Hawai‘i who currently offer oysters on their menus. The study examines trade‐offs made between attributes related to price, growout site, freshness, and supply constancy, respectively. Responses were aggregated and data were fit to a random parameters logit model. Results suggest that respondents derive the most utility from oysters that are fresh, grown locally, and supplied on an as‐available basis. The least desired products are, therefore, those that are frozen, imported from foreign sources, and supplied on a set schedule. Chefs are willing to pay an additional $5.25 for one dozen oysters that are grown locally. This evidence of an existing price premium indicates that labeling local oysters as such may be a valuable marketing strategy.
Volatile compound secretion coincides with modifications of the olfactory organ in mantellid frogs
Authors: Nowack C. , Peram P. S. , Wenzel S. , Rakotoarison A. , Glaw F. , Poth D. , Schulz S. , Vences M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMadagascar frogs (Mantellidae) contain species with derived mating behaviour and femoral macroglands secreting volatile pheromones. Here, we screen 28 mantellid species to show that volatile compounds are present in at least five genera with femoral glands, while no such compounds were found in genera devoid of these glands. The nasal cavity of volatile‐producing species of four genera showed a derived state, with partial or almost complete obstruction of the connection between main olfactory organ (MOO) and vomeronasal organ (VNO). Experimental evidence suggests that the pheromone of one mantelline, Mantidactylus betsileanus, distinctly stimulates sensory neurons in the MOO but not in the VNO. These data support an evolutionary connection of derived olfactory anatomy with chemical communication in these frogs, although the role of the anatomically separated VNO remains unclarified.
Impaired neurovascular reactivity in the microvasculature of pregnant women with preeclampsia
Authors: Agra Karine Ferreira , Pontes Isabelle Eunice Albuquerque , da Silva José Roberto , Figueiroa José Natal , Clough Geraldine F , Alves João Guilherme Bezerra 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroductionPE is associated with maternal vascular dysfunction, leading to serious cardiovascular risk both during and following pregnancy.ObjectiveTo assess microvascular reactivity in pregnant women with PE.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was performed in 36 pregnant women with PE and 36 normotensive pregnant women (C) in the third trimester. Skin microvascular blood flow was measured using LDF at rest (RF), during the maximum hyperemic response to brief arterial occlusion (MF) and during the sympathetically mediated constrictor response to deep IBH.ResultsIn pregnant women with PE, RF was higher [C, 8.1 (4.6); PE, 12.0 (7.6), P<.001; PU perfusion units; median (IQR)] and MF/RF [C, 6.1 (3.7); PE, 3. 9 (4.9) P<.001] and peak CVC lower (P=.009) compared to normotensive controls. The constrictor response to IBH [C, 62.4% (27.9); PE, 33.0% (50.6), P=.008] was reduced in women with PE. In univariate analysis, MF/RF was associated with PE status (r=−.417, P=.0001), systolic (r=−.385, P=.001), and diastolic (r=−.388, P=.001) blood pressure, but not BMI (r=.077, P=.536).ConclusionsWomen with PE are more than three times more likely to exhibit a reduced microvascular reactivity in the third trimester of pregnancy than normotensive pregnant controls. These differences may be attributable in part to an altered sympathetic neural microvascular tone in PE.
Imperfect Information and Consumer Inflation Expectations: Evidence from Microdata
Authors: Dräger Lena , Lamla Michael J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis paper explores which factors trigger an adjustment in consumers’ inflation expectations and looks at the implications regarding forecast errors. We find support for imperfect information models, as inflation volatility and news trigger an adjustment in expectations. Furthermore, we document that individual expectations become more accurate if they have been adjusted.
The effectiveness of interventions to treat hypothalamic obesity in survivors of childhood brain tumours: a systematic review
Authors: Wang K‐W. , Chau R. , Fleming A. , Banfield L. , Singh S. K. , Johnston D. L. , Zelcer S. M. , Rassekh S. R. , Burrow S. , Valencia M. , de Souza R. J. , Thabane L. , Samaan M. C. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryBackgroundSurvivors of childhood brain tumours (SCBT) are at risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Obesity is a major driver of cardiometabolic diseases in the general population, and interventions that tackle obesity may lower the risk of these chronic diseases. The goal of this systematic review was to summarize current evidence for the presence of interventions to manage obesity, including hypothalamic obesity, in SCBT.MethodsThe primary outcome of this review was the body mass index z‐score change from baseline to the end of the intervention and/or follow‐up. Literature searches were conducted in PsycINFO, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, Medline, SPORTDiscus, EMBASE and PubMed. Two reviewers completed study evaluations independently.ResultsEleven publications were included in this systematic review (lifestyle intervention n = 2, pharmacotherapy n = 6 and bariatric surgery n = 3). While some studies demonstrated effectiveness of interventions to manage obesity in SCBT and alter markers of obesity and cardiometabolic risk, the evidence base was limited and of low quality, and studies focused on hypothalamic obesity. We conclude that there is urgent need to conduct adequately powered trials of sufficient duration, using existing and novel therapies to manage obesity, reduce the burden of cardiometabolic disorders and improve outcomes in SCBT.