bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Occupational Therapy in Combating Human Trafficking
Authors: Gorman Kathleen W. , Hatkevich Beth Ann 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Human trafficking is a modern-day form of slavery that includes sex trafficking, labor trafficking, and trafficking of children. It is estimated that 35.8 million people are enslaved around the world. Because of the traumatic experiences that victims of human trafficking encounter, the needs of victims are extensive and require the services of several providers, including health care providers, for victims to transform into survivors and thrivers. Currently, the role of occupational therapy is minimal and unexplored. The profession of occupational therapy has the capacity of having a profound role in both providing client-centered care services to victims and survivors of human trafficking and partaking in preventive advocacy efforts to combat human trafficking. Further advocacy efforts are required to promote the profession of occupational therapy in combating human trafficking.
Equine-Assisted Occupational Therapy: Increasing Engagement for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Llambias Cecilia , Magill-Evans Joyce , Smith Veronica , Warren Sharon 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Engagement in meaningful activities is essential to development and is often reduced in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who have limited engagement in activities or relationships. A multiple-baseline design was used with 7 children with ASD ages 4–8 yr to assess the effect of including a horse in occupational therapy intervention on task engagement. The children showed improvements in engagement. Including horses in occupational therapy sessions may be a valuable addition to conventional treatments to increase task engagement of children with ASD. Factors related to the environment, therapeutic strategies, and individual participation need to be considered in understanding why this intervention may be effective and developing a theoretical basis for implementation.
Automatic processing of atmospheric CO2 and CH4 mole fractions at
the ICOS Atmosphere Thematic Centre
Authors: Hazan Lynn , Tarniewicz Jérôme , Ramonet Michel , Laurent Olivier , Abbaris Amara 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The Integrated Carbon Observation System Atmosphere Thematic Centre (ICOS ATC) automatically processes atmospheric greenhouse gases mole fractions of data coming from sites of the ICOS network. Daily transferred raw data files are automatically processed and archived. Data are stored in the ICOS atmospheric database, the backbone of the system, which has been developed with an emphasis on the traceability of the data processing. Many data products, updated daily, explore the data through different angles to support the quality control of the dataset performed by the principal operators in charge of the instruments. The automatic processing includes calibration and water vapor corrections as described in the paper. The mole fractions calculated in near-real time (NRT) are automatically revaluated as soon as a new instrument calibration is processed or when the station supervisors perform quality control. By analyzing data from 11 sites, we determined that the average calibration corrections are equal to 1.7 ± 0.3 µmol mol−1 for CO2 and 2.8 ± 3 nmol mol−1 for CH4. These biases are important to correct to avoid artificial gradients between stations that could lead to error in flux estimates when using atmospheric inversion techniques. We also calculated that the average drift between two successive calibrations separated by 15 days amounts to ±0.05 µmol mol−1 and ±0.7 nmol mol−1 for CO2 and CH4, respectively. Outliers are generally due to errors in the instrument configuration and can be readily detected thanks to the data products provided by the ATC. Several developments are still ongoing to improve the processing, including automated spike detection and calculation of time-varying uncertainties.
Possibility of using Multimedia Application for Learning
Authors: Gunawardhana L. K. Pulasthi Dhananjaya , Palaniappan Sellappan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTechnology is developing quickly. Multimedia, a form of technology, is being used as a teaching tool these days. Many researchers and educators have found suitable ways to design multimedia applications in order to achieve fruitful educational outcomes. Not that all we are going to discuss here, the definition of multimedia, and the connection between multimedia and learning tools, concept of multimedia applications, how they are formed using a different media, the type of educational element that effect to learn in their natural environment and the real-world issues. The definitions and characteristics of multimedia and educational elements are explained in this article.
In vitroandin vivocomparison of transport media for detecting nasopharyngeal carriage ofStreptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Steens Anneke , Milhano Natacha , Aaberge Ingeborg S. , Vestrheim Didrik F. 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundAs a standard method for pneumococcal carriage studies, the World Health Organization recommends nasopharyngeal swabs be transported and stored at cool temperatures in a medium containing skim-milk, tryptone, glucose and glycerol (STGG). An enrichment broth used for transport at room temperature in three carriage studies performed in Norway may have a higher sensitivity than STGG. We therefore compared the mediain vitroandin vivo.MethodsFor thein vitrocomponent, three strains (serotype 4, 19F and 3) were suspended in STGG and enrichment broth. Recovery was compared using latex agglutination, quantification of bacterial loads by real-time PCR of thelytAgene, and counting colonies from incubated plates. For thein vivocomparison, paired swabs were obtained from 100 children and transported in STGG at cool temperatures or in enrichment broth at room temperature. Carriage was identified by latex agglutination and confirmed by Quellung reaction.ResultsIn vitro, the cycle threshold values obtained by PCR did not differ between the two media (p= 0.853) and no clear difference in colony counts was apparent after incubation (p= 0.593).In vivo, pneumococci were recovered in 46% of swabs transported in STGG and 51% of those transported in enrichment broth (Kappa statistic 0.90,p= 0.063).DiscussionOverall, no statistical differences in sensitivity were found between STGG and enrichment broth. Nevertheless, some serotype differences were observed and STGG appeared slightly less sensitive than enrichment broth for detection of nasopharyngeal carriage of pneumococci by culturing. We recommend the continued use of STGG for transport and storage of nasopharyngeal swabs in pneumococcal carriage studies for the benefit of comparability between studies and settings, including more resource-limited settings.
Quantifying uncertainty in future ocean carbon uptake
Authors: Dunne John P. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAttributing uncertainty in ocean carbon uptake between societal trajectory (scenarios), Earth System Model construction (structure), and inherent natural variation in climate (internal) is critical to make progress in identifying, understanding, and reducing those uncertainties. In the present issue of Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Lovenduski et al. (2016) disentangle these drivers of uncertainty in ocean carbon uptake over time and space and assess the resulting implications for the emergence timescales of structural and scenario uncertainty over internal variability. Such efforts are critical for establishing realizable and efficient monitoring goals and prioritizing areas of continued model development. Under recently proposed climate stabilization targets, such efforts to partition uncertainty also become increasingly critical to societal decision‐making in the context of carbon stabilization.
A theoretical framework for the changing spectral properties of meter‐scale Farley‐Buneman waves between 90 and 125 km altitudes
Authors: St.‐Maurice Jean‐Pierre , Chau Jorge L. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractStimulated by recent observations described in a companion paper, we have revisited existing theories of the Farley‐Buneman instability throughout the altitude range 90 to 125 km. We have assumed that the irregularities detected by radars at a given altitude are dominated by structures moving at the threshold speed in a direction associated with maximum linear growth rate conditions. We included recent nonisothermal electron and ion theories, which can modify threshold speeds by considerable amounts. We included altitude‐dependent models of ion and electron temperature and of the ion motion in the phase velocity calculations. Our treatment of the instability explains why some spectra are slow (Doppler shifts typically 200 m/s) and narrow, while others are fast (1500 m/s or close to the E × B) and narrow. These narrow spectra have all the characteristics of what has been labeled as “Type III” and “Type IV” in the past. Our calculations also offer an explanation for the observation of a strong asymmetry in the number of events with positive Doppler shifts near the nominal ion‐acoustic speed and those with negative Doppler shifts of the same magnitude.
Teleconnection between the North Indian Ocean high swell events and meteorological conditions over the Southern Indian Ocean
Authors: Remya P. G. , Vishnu S. , Praveen Kumar B. , Balakrishnan Nair T. M. , Rohith B. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe link between North Indian Ocean (NIO) high swell events and the meteorological conditions over the Southern Indian Ocean (SIO) is explored in this article, using a combination of in situ measurements and model simulations for the year 2005. High waves, without any sign in the local winds, sometimes cause severe flooding events along the south‐west coast of India, locally known as the Kallakkadal events and cause major societal problems along the coasts. In situ observations report 10 high swell events in NIO during 2005. Our study confirms that these events are caused by the swells propagating from south of 30°S. In all cases, 3–5 days prior to the high swell events in NIO, we observed a severe low pressure system, called the Cut‐Off Low (COL) in the Southern Ocean. These COLs are quasistationary in nature, providing strong (∼25 ms−1) and long duration (∼3 days) surface winds over a large fetch; essential conditions for the generation of long‐period swells. The intense equator ward winds associated with COLs in the SIO trigger the generation of high waves, which propagate to NIO as swells. Furthermore, these swells cause high wave activity and sometimes Kallakkadal events along the NIO coastal regions, depending on the local topography, angle of incidence, and tidal conditions. Our study shows that such natural hazards along the NIO coasts can be forecasted at least 2 days in advance if the meteorological conditions of the SIO are properly monitored.
Estimation of volcanic ash emissions through assimilating satellite data and ground‐based observations
Authors: Lu Sha , Lin Hai Xiang , Heemink Arnold , Segers Arjo , Fu Guangliang 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we reconstruct the vertical profile of volcanic ash emissions by assimilating satellite data and ground‐based observations using a modified trajectory‐based 4D‐Var (Trj4DVar) approach. In our previous work, we found that the lack of vertical resolution in satellite ash column data can result in a poor estimation of the injection layer where the ash is emitted into the atmosphere. The injection layer is crucial for the forecast of volcanic ash clouds. To improve estimation, Trj4DVar was implemented, and it has shown increased performance in twin experiments using synthetic observations. However, there are some cases with real satellite data where Trj4DVar has difficulty in obtaining an accurate estimation of the injection layer. To remedy this, we propose a modification of Trj4DVar, test it with synthetic twin experiments, and evaluate real data performance. The results show that the modified Trj4DVar is able to accurately estimate the injection height (location of the maximal emission rate) by incorporating the plume height (top of the ash plume) and mass eruption rate data obtained from ground‐based observations near the source into the assimilation system. This will produce more accurate emission estimations and more reliable forecasts of volcanic ash clouds. Also provided are two strategies on the preprocessing and proper use of satellite data.
Estimating the effective nitrogen import: An example for the North Sea‐Baltic Sea boundary
Authors: Radtke H. , Maar M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSemienclosed water bodies such as the Baltic Sea are prone to eutrophication problems. If local nutrient abatement measures are taken to tackle these problems, their success may be limited if a strong nutrient exchange with the adjacent waters exists. The quantification of this exchange is therefore essential to estimate its impact on the ecosystem status. At the example of the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, we illustrate that neither gross transports nor net transports of nutrients have a strong informative value in this context. Instead, we define an “effective import” as the import of nutrients which have not been inside the Baltic Sea before and estimate it in an ecological model with a nutrient‐tagging technique. This effective import of bioreactive nitrogen from the Skagerrak to the Kattegat amounts to 103 kt/yr; from Kattegat to Belt Sea it is 54 kt/yr. The nitrogen exchange is therefore 30% stronger than other estimates, e.g., based on import in the deep water, suggest. An isolated view on the Baltic Sea and the North Sea in terms of eutrophication, as it is practiced in management today, is therefore questionable. Nitrogen imported from the North Sea typically spreads eastward up to the Bornholm Basin but can be transported into the deep waters of the Gotland Basin during Major Baltic Inflows in a significant amount.
Temporal and spatial patterns of sediment routing across the southeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau: Insights from detrital zircon
Authors: Wissink Gregory K. , Hoke Gregory D. , Garzione Carmala N. , Liu‐Zeng Jing 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe Cenozoic deposits of the Tibetan Plateau's southeastern margin are often cited as part of a continental‐scale river system connecting the Paleo‐Yangtze River with the Paleo‐Red River. Confirming the purported connection and any subsequent drainage reorganization has garnered significant attention and varied proposed ages for reorganization. This study presents detrital zircon U‐Pb ages and paleocurrents in Eocene to Pleistocene sedimentary basin deposits distributed over a broad area of the southeast Tibetan Plateau margin within the area of proposed paleoriver connectivity. When combined with previously published studies, our U‐Pb ages allow examination of the temporal and spatial distributions of provenance throughout the Cenozoic. We identify six key age components of the detrital U‐Pb age distributions and use these to examine the patterns of sediment provenance for different Cenozoic epochs. Detailed analysis of these components shows that provenance for both onshore and offshore deposits is best described by local bedrock sources and provides little to no evidence of regional changes in provenance. This suggests that a stable fluvial system similar to the modern drainage network has existed since the Eocene with no evidence for major provenance‐altering river capture. Paleoflow measurements taken throughout the SE margin further corroborate the results of detrital zircon provenance. The combination of U‐Pb age components and paleocurrent directions does not support a Cenozoic connection between the Paleo‐Yangtze and Paleo‐Red Rivers.
Effect of Daylight Saving Time on Punctuality for Medical Appointments
Authors: Valax Marie‐Françoise , Rattat Anne‐Claire , Baracat Bruno , Cegarra Julien 
Published: September 2016

SummaryWe studied the effect of the switch from daylight saving time to winter time on punctuality for medical appointments, thus allowing us to investigate the role of dynamic and analytic modes of time management in time‐based prospective memory tasks. Insofar as some authors assume that the dynamic mode of time management is based on rhythms, we hypothesised that the switch from daylight saving time would cause more disturbances when participants' everyday activity had a weak temporal structure. Results showed that after the switch, participants arrived early for their appointments, but this earliness was not higher for participants whose everyday activity had a low temporal structure than for participants with highly structured everyday activity. Nevertheless, compared to the time they planned to arrive, participants with low regularity of activity arrived earlier after the switch, suggesting that their temporal reference would the time fixed by themselves, rather than the appointment time. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of crosslink density on thermal conductivity of epoxy/carbon nanotube nanocomposites
Authors: Choi Jae Hun , Song Ho Jun , Jung Jin , Yu Jin Won , You Nam‐Ho , Goh Munju 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTThe effect of the polymeric crosslink density on the thermal conductivity of an epoxy nanocomposite was investigated by adding two different diamine‐functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (diamine‐MWNTs) to the epoxy resin as co‐curing agents and conducting fillers. Tetramethylenediamine (TMDA)‐MWNTs resulted in an epoxy nanocomposite with a higher crosslink density than octamethylenediamine (OMDA)‐MWNTs. Interestingly, epoxy/TMDA‐MWNT nanocomposites under 1.5 wt % nanotube concentration, showed a higher thermal conductivity than an epoxy/OMDA‐MWNT nanocomposite with the same concentration of nanotubes. In contrast, for higher diamine‐MWNT concentrations (over 2.0 wt %), the thermal conductivity of the epoxy/OMDA‐MWNT nanocomposite was higher than that with TMDA‐MWNTs. We observed that for low MWNT concentrations, where a percolating network was not formed, a high crosslink density enhanced the thermal conductivity via phonon transport. However, for high MWNT concentrations, a high crosslink density hinders the formation of a percolating network and lowers the thermal conductivity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44253.
Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) gel‐based macroporous monolith for continuous‐flow recovery of palladium(II) ions
Authors: Seto Hirokazu , Matsumoto Hikaru , Shibuya Makoto , Akiyoshi Takanori , Hoshino Yu , Miura Yoshiko 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTMacroporous monoliths, composed of thermoresponsive, tertiary‐aminated, and crosslinking monomers, were prepared for continuous‐flow separation of palladium(II) ions. N‐Isopropylacrylamide was required to form the porous structure in the monoliths, indicating that the mechanism of porous structure formation involved polymerization‐induced phase separation of the poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) gel. Tertiary‐aminated monoliths showed adsorption selectivity for palladium(II) ions in hydrochloric media, compared with copper(II) ions. The maximum capacities of the monoliths with tertiary amine contents of 10, 20, 30, and 70 mol % for palladium(II) ions were 0.6, 1.1, 1.3, and 2.3 mmol/g, respectively. Darcy's permeabilities of water through the macroporous monolith were 10−14 to 10−13 m2, and those were comparable to that through a commercially available membrane filter with a pore size of several micrometers. In the continuous‐flow process, the macroporous monolith with tertiary amine selectively adsorbed palladium(II) ions in the coexistence of copper(II) ions with 10 times higher concentration than the palladium(II) ions. The palladium(II) ions were eluted from the macroporous monolith, and the concentration of palladium(II) ions in the eluate was up to 45 times of that in the feed solution. The average enrichment factor and total recovery percentage of palladium(II) ions were 8.7 times and 95%, respectively. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44385.
Monofunctional compatibilizer with long alkyl end for fabrication of superior tensile wood flour‐polyolefin composites
Authors: Ye Ming , Zhu Nianqing , Li Xiaojie , Ni Zhongbin , Qiu Zhuowei , Chen Mingqing 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTA novel monofunctional compatibilizer (OID) was prepared and used as compatibilizer for fabrication of wood‐plastic composites. OID was successfully synthesized by esterification reaction of isophorone diisocyanate and octadecanol as confirmed by Fourier transform‐infrared spectra. After OID modification, the hydrophobicity of wood flour surface was enhanced as indicated by the increase of surface water contact angle. By using OID as compatibilizer, an obvious enhancement of the interfacial adhesion between wood flour and polyolefin was observed by scanning electron microscopy. As a result, the tensile properties of the obtained polypropylene/wood flour composites and polyethylene/wood flour composites were significantly enhanced. Besides, the processability of polyolefin/wood flour composites was also improved by adding OID. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44429.
Crystal Growth, Structure, Resistivity, Magnetic, and Photoelectric Properties of One‐Dimensional Selenometallate Ba2BiFeSe5
Authors: Li Xiaoshuang , Zhang Xian , Kalai Selvan G. , Arumugam S. , Huang Fuqiang , Wu Yicheng , Yao Jiyong 
Published: September 2016

AbstractLow‐dimensional materials have attracted extensive research interest in recent years owing to their interesting structural chemistry and physical properties, which will greatly deepen our knowledge of these materials and could lead to additional breakthroughs in the future. Herein we have synthesized and characterized Ba2BiFeSe5, which adopts a quasi‐one‐dimensional structure and possesses some fascinating physical properties. The sharp divergences between the field‐cooled (FC) and the zero‐field‐cooled (ZFC) data and the rather small magnetic moment per Fe3+ (0.07 μB) strongly suggest that the title compound is weakly ferromagnetic with a high magnetic transition temperature above room temperature, which is controlled by competing super‐exchange interactions within and between [FeBiSe5]∞ anionic ladders. Moreover, with its narrow bandgap of 0.95 eV, Ba2BiFeSe5 shows photoelectric properties with a photocurrent density of approximately 30 mA cm2 at 5 V. Our study demonstrates that Ba2FeBiSe5 might be a new type of multifunctional material that deserves further investigation.
The Anatomy Lesson of Nicolaes Tulp, painted by Rembrandt in 1632
Authors: IJpma F F A , van Gulik T M 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
In 1632 Rembrandt painted his masterpiece known as The Anatomy Lesson of Nicolaes Tulp. This world-famous group portrait of the Amsterdam Guild of Surgeons depicts an anatomy lesson on the corpse of an executed criminal. Nicolaes Tulp, praelector anatomiae (lecturer in anatomy), performed an anatomical dissection of the forearm to teach anatomy to the surgeons who are standing next to him. By studying the original Guild documents and literature dealing with the painting, the lives and work of the represented surgeons, their teacher Nicolaes Tulp, and the criminal record of the man who ended as a corpse are elucidated. The anatomical accuracy of the displayed forearm in the painting is investigated by reproducing the dissection on a corpse.
The Anatomy Lesson of Nicolaes Tulp by Rembrandt (1632) belongs to a famous series of anatomy lessons commissioned by the Amsterdam Guild of Surgeons in the 17th and 18th centuries. The painting shows Nicolaes Tulp, born as Claes Pieterszn but known by his adapted name Tulp (the tulip was chosen as a family emblem), dissecting the forearm of an executed criminal (Adriaan Adriaenszn). The corpse is surrounded by seven surgeons intensely observing Tulp's demonstration. The masterpiece is exhibited in the Royal Cabinet of Paintings in Museum Mauritshuis in The Hague, The Netherlands.
Read more about the colourful characters and fascinating events surrounding this painting in an essay online.