bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacteriological profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in patients with Urinary tract infection
Authors: Subedi N , Pudasaini S 
Published: March 2017

Background: Urinary tract infection is one of the common bacterial infections seeking treatment in clinical practice. A variety of organisms are associated with UTI and the most common organisms are Escherichia coli and other coliforms. Bacteriological investigations of UTI are not complete without antibiotic sensitivity test of the isolate. The aim of this study is to determine the bacteriological profile and antibiotic sensitivity patterns and their disease association.Materials and methods: This study was conducted in Shankarapur Hospital over a period of one year. All cases of suspected UTI sent for urine culture and sensitivity test were evaluated in this study. Disease associated with UTI, bacteriological profile and antibiotic sensitivity patterns were evaluated.Results: A total of 974 cases were sent for urine culture and sensitivity test. The total culture positive cases were 165 (17.4%). The most common age group for culture positive test was 21- 30 years (33.3%) followed by 31- 40 years (25.5%). Female patients formed the majority of culture positive cases (84.8%) and E Coli (86.1%) was the most common organism isolated. Piperacillin- tazobactum and ceftriaxone were the most common antibiotic sensitive to the organisms. Simple uncomplicated UTI and PID were the most common indication for subjecting the patients to urine culture.Conclusion: UTI is most commonly seen in female of reproductive age group and the most common causative organism is E coli. Culture result and antibiogram helps the clinician for specific treatment of UTI.
Spectrum of histomorphological diagnosis in cystoscopic bladder biopsies
Authors: Thapa R , Lakhey M , Bhatta AD 
Published: March 2017

Background: Urinary bladder lesions are the main source of significant clinical symptoms which are more disabling than lethal. Bladder tumors constitute one of the most common urological pathology. Urothelial carcinoma accounts for 90% of all primary tumors of the bladder. This study aimed to determine the frequency of different types of lesions of the urinary bladder and to determine the grade and stage of urothelial tumors.Materials and Methods: This is a 2 years cross sectional study of cystoscopic biopsies carried out in the Department of Pathology, Medicare National Hospital and Research Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal.Results: Out of 87 cases, 58 (66.67%) cases were neoplastic lesions and 29(33.33%) cases were non- neoplastic lesions. Majority of neoplastic lesions 96.55% were urothelial (transitional cell) tumors comprising predominantly of low grade papillary urothelial carcinoma 50.91%. Muscle invasion was seen only in high grade papillary urothelial carcinomas.Conclusion: Among bladder tumors low grade papillary urothelial carcinoma is the most common.
Reassessment of the Null Result of the HST Search for Planets in 47 Tucanae
Authors: Masuda Kento , Winn Joshua N. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We revisit the null result of the Hubble Space Telescope search for transiting planets in the globular cluster 47 Tucanae, in the light of improved knowledge of planet occurrence from the Kepler mission. Gilliland and co-workers expected to find 17 planets, assuming the 47 Tuc stars have close-in giant planets with the same characteristics and occurrence rates as those of the nearby stars that had been surveyed up until 1999. We update this result by assuming that 47 Tuc and Kepler stars have identical planet populations. The revised number of expected detections is

. When we restrict the Kepler stars to the same range of masses as the stars that were searched in 47 Tuc, the number of expected detections is reduced to

. Thus, the null result of the HST search is less statistically significant than it originally seemed. We cannot reject even the extreme hypothesis that 47 Tuc and Kepler stars have the same planet populations, with more than 2–3σ significance. More sensitive searches are needed to allow for comparisons between the planet populations of globular clusters and field stars.
Observing Exoplanets with High-dispersion Coronagraphy. II. Demonstration of an Active Single-mode Fiber Injection Unit
Authors: Mawet D. , Ruane G. , Xuan W. , Echeverri D. , Klimovich N. , Randolph M. , Fucik J. , Wallace J. K. , Wang J. , Vasisht G. , Dekany R. , Mennesson B. , Choquet E. , Delorme J.-R. , Serabyn E. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
High-dispersion coronagraphy (HDC) optimally combines high-contrast imaging techniques such as adaptive optics/wavefront control plus coronagraphy to high spectral resolution spectroscopy. HDC is a critical pathway toward fully characterizing exoplanet atmospheres across a broad range of masses from giant gaseous planets down to Earth-like planets. In addition to determining the molecular composition of exoplanet atmospheres, HDC also enables Doppler mapping of atmosphere inhomogeneities (temperature, clouds, wind), as well as precise measurements of exoplanet rotational velocities. Here, we demonstrate an innovative concept for injecting the directly imaged planet light into a single-mode fiber, linking a high-contrast adaptively corrected coronagraph to a high-resolution spectrograph (diffraction-limited or not). Our laboratory demonstration includes three key milestones: close-to-theoretical injection efficiency, accurate pointing and tracking, and on-fiber coherent modulation and speckle nulling of spurious starlight signal coupling into the fiber. Using the extreme modal selectivity of single-mode fibers, we also demonstrated speckle suppression gains that outperform conventional image-based speckle nulling by at least two orders of magnitude.
On the Magnetic Field of the Ultraluminous X-Ray Pulsar M82 X-2
Authors: Xu Kun , Li Xiang-Dong 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The discovery of the ultraluminous X-ray pulsar M82 X-2 has stimulated lively discussion on the nature of the accreting neutron star. In most of the previous studies the magnetic field of the neutron star was derived from the observed spin-up/down rates based on the standard thin, magnetized accretion disk model. However, under super-Eddington accretion the inner part of the accretion disk becomes geometrically thick. In this work we consider both radiation feedback from the neutron star and the sub-Keplerian rotation in a thick disk and calculate the magnetic moment–mass accretion rate relations for the measured rates of spin change. We find that the derived neutron star's dipole magnetic field depends on the maximum accretion rate adopted, but is likely ≲1013 G. The predicted accretion rate change can be used to test the proposed models by comparison with observations.
The Molecular Structures of the Local Arm and Perseus Arm in the Galactic Region of l = [139.°75, 149.°75], b = [−5.°25, 5.°25]
Authors: Du Xinyu , Xu Ye , Yang Ji , Sun Yan 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Using the Purple Mountain Observatory Delingha (PMODLH) 13.7 m telescope, we report a 96 deg2
12CO/13CO/C18O mapping observation toward the Galactic region of l = [139.°75,149.°75], b = [−5.°25, 5.°25]. The molecular structures of the Local Arm and Perseus Arm are presented. Combining H i data and part of the Outer Arm results, we obtain that the warp structure of both atomic and molecular gas is obvious, while the flare structure only exists in atomic gas in this observing region. In addition, five filamentary giant molecular clouds on the Perseus Arm are identified. Among them, four are newly identified. Their relations with the Milky Way large-scale structure are discussed.
New Fe i Level Energies and Line Identifications from Stellar Spectra. II. Initial Results from New Ultraviolet Spectra of Metal-poor Stars
Authors: Peterson Ruth C. , Kurucz Robert L. , Ayres Thomas R. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The Fe i spectrum is critical to many areas of astrophysics, yet many of the high-lying levels remain uncharacterized. To remedy this deficiency, Peterson & Kurucz identified Fe i lines in archival ultraviolet and optical spectra of metal-poor stars, whose warm temperatures favor moderate Fe i excitation. Sixty-five new levels were recovered, with 1500 detectable lines, including several bound levels in the ionization continuum of Fe i. Here, we extend the previous work by identifying 59 additional levels, with 1400 detectable lines, by incorporating new high-resolution UV spectra of warm metal-poor stars recently obtained by the Hubble
Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph. We provide gf values for these transitions, both computed as well as adjusted to fit the stellar spectra. We also expand our spectral calculations to the infrared, confirming three levels by matching high-quality spectra of the Sun and two cool stars in the H-band. The predicted gf values suggest that an additional 3700 Fe i lines should be detectable in existing solar infrared spectra. Extending the empirical line identification work to the infrared would help confirm additional Fe i levels, as would new high-resolution UV spectra of metal-poor turnoff stars below 1900 Å.
First Detection of Mid-infrared Variability from an Ultraluminous X-Ray Source Holmberg II X-1
Authors: Lau R. M. , Heida M. , Kasliwal M. M. , Walton D. J. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We present mid-infrared (IR) light curves of the Ultraluminous X-ray Source (ULX) Holmberg II X-1 from observations taken between 2014 January 13 and 2017 January 5 with the Spitzer Space Telescope at 3.6 and 4.5 μm in the Spitzer Infrared Intensive Transients Survey. The mid-IR light curves, which reveal the first detection of mid-IR variability from a ULX, is determined to arise primarily from dust emission rather than from a jet or an accretion disk outflow. We derived the evolution of the dust temperature (

), IR luminosity (

), mass (

), and equilibrium temperature radius (

). A comparison of X-1 with a sample of spectroscopically identified massive stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud on a mid-IR color–magnitude diagram suggests that the mass donor in X-1 is a supergiant (sg) B[e]-star. The sgB[e]-interpretation is consistent with the derived dust properties and the presence of the [Fe ii] (

) emission line revealed from previous near-IR studies of X-1. We attribute the mid-IR variability of X-1 to the increased heating of dust located in a circumbinary torus. It is unclear what physical processes are responsible for the increased dust heating; however, it does not appear to be associated with the X-ray flux from the ULX, given the constant X-ray luminosities provided by serendipitous, near-contemporaneous X-ray observations around the first mid-IR variability event in 2014. Our results highlight the importance of mid-IR observations of luminous X-ray sources traditionally studied at X-ray and radio wavelengths.
Development of simplified sampling methods for behavioural data in rabbit does
Authors: Alfonso-Carrillo C. , Martín E. , De Blas C. , Ibáñez M.A. , García-Ruiz A.I. , García-Rebollar P. 
Published: March 2017

<p>The aim of this study was to compare the results of different simplified sampling methods for behavioural data compared to reference records of 24-h in order to assess rabbit doe behaviours at different physiological stages (gestation and lactation) in animals housed in 2 types of cages (conventional and alternative). In total, we analysed 576 h of continuous video of 12 rabbit does at the end of lactation and the same females after weaning. The behavioural observations were studied using 3 independent categories of classification (location in the cage, posture and functional behaviours). Continuous behavioural recordings of 24 h were considered as the reference method to validate another 4 data collection sampling methods by aggregated video recordings of different frequency and duration [regular short and long methods with 2.4 and 8 h of observation respectively, and irregular (more frequent during the active period) short and long methods with 6 and 8 h of observation, respectively]. The current results showed that, independently of the housing system, the best method to reduce the total observation time required to assess rabbit does’ behaviour depends on the trait studied and physiological stage of the does. In gestating does, irregular methods were not suitable to estimate behaviours of long duration such as lying, sitting, resting and grooming. However, in both physiological stages, regular methods were accurate for location behaviours, postures and functional behaviours of long duration. Instead, for the study of infrequent behaviours performed mainly during dark period, where coefficients of variation were high, the irregular long method led to the lowest mean estimation errors.</p>
Relationship between body condition and energy mobilization in rabbit does
Authors: Calle E.W. , García M.L. , Blasco A. , Argente M.J. 
Published: March 2017

<p>The present work was performed to examine the relationships between measures of body condition and energy mobilization in rabbit does. The variables studied were body weight (BW), perirenal fat thickness (PFT), basal non-esterified fatty acid concentration (NEFA<sub>b</sub>) and non-esterified fatty acids after lipolysis stimulation by isoproterenol (NEFA<sub>r</sub>). The effect of time of measuring (at mating, delivery and 10 d after delivery) was estimated in 157 primiparous does. Correlations between body condition components were estimated and a principal component analysis performed. The does decreased BW (6%) and PFT (3%), and increased NEFA<sub>b</sub> (25%) and NEFA<sub>r</sub> (16%) from mating to delivery. Later, NEFA<sub>b</sub> and NEFA<sub>r</sub> decreased around 20% from delivery to 10 d after delivery without changing perirenal fat thickness. All BW and PFT lay in the first principal component, and all NEFA traits lay in the second component, showing low correlations with body condition measurements. Both NEFA traits showed high positive correlations when measured at the same time (0.65, 0.72 and 0.69), but low correlations when measured at different times (0.09, to 0.20). We conclude that although body weight and perirenal fat thickness are good predictors of body condition, NEFA should be used when an accurate measurement of energetic mobilization is needed, due to their low correlation.</p>
Effect of gestational and lactational exposure to heat stress on performance in rabbits
Authors: Marco-Jiménez F. , García-Diego F.J. , Vicente J.S. 
Published: March 2017

<p>Reproductive performance is greatly affected by environmental factors such as temperature. Heat stress (HS) during pregnancy and lactation can influence not only foetal growth but also postnatal development of kits. The aim of this study was to test the effect of HS during gestation and lactation on postnatal growth till Spanish commercial liveweight. To investigate this, 32 primiparous non lactating rabbit does were exposed to 1 of 2 environmental treatments: high temperature (between 25 and 36°C, HS group; n=16) or thermoneutral conditions (between 14 and 20°C, TN group; n=16). Does were allowed to acclimate 30 d before the artificial insemination. At birth, kits were allocated into 4 groups: HS was only applied during gestation (G group; n=54); HS was applied during gestation and lactation period (GL group; n=85); HS was only applied during lactation period (L group; n=60); and TN was applied during gestation and lactation period (C group; n=77). All litters were kept under each experimental environment until weaning at day 30. Then, litters were moved to TN temperatures until slaughter at day 63. Compared with TN does, the HS does presented lower litter size (9.7 and 11.4; P&lt;0.05), litter weight (503.0 vs. 630.5 g; P&lt;0.05) and kit weight at birth (56.6 vs. 61.4 g; P&lt;0.05), as well as a higher stillborn rate (25.4 vs. 9.9%; P&lt;0.05). The kits from does subjected to HS during gestation (G group) had similar postnatal growth compared to offspring from does gestated in TN conditions (C group), whereas kits from does that experienced HS during gestation and lactation (GL group) and during their lactation (L group) presented decreased postnatal growth. Together, these results demonstrate that kits from does that underwent HS during gestation did not alter postnatal growth until Spanish commercial liveweight, whereas HS during lactation resulted in decreased postnatal growth.</p>
Concha Bullosa Osteoma: An Unusual Cause of Headache
Authors: Singh Pragya , Mittal Mahesh K , Mathur Neeraj N , Sinha Mukul 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim and background
Osteomas are common benign tumors of the paranasal sinuses, but are usually asymptomatic and found as a coincidental finding during routine radiological investigations. The aim is to demonstrate typical radiological findings of osteomas and demonstrate rare occurrence of osteoma in middle turbinate.

Case report
Patient presenting with recurrent headaches, left-sided facial pain, and intermittent nasal obstruction was evaluated using Philips Brilliance 40-multislice computed tomography scanner, which showed bilateral maxillary and ethmoid sinusitis with bilateral fluid-filled concha bullosa with left-sided concha bullosa showing a well-defined lesion of bone attenuation suggestive of osteoma.

Conclusion
Osteomas can rarely occur in nasal turbinates and may be symptomatic requiring endoscopic/surgical removal.

Clinical significance
Radiological investigations are diagnostic for osteomas and play an important role in preoperative planning. Osteomas arising from the turbinates are more easily accessible by endoscopy than sinus osteomas; hence, removal carries less risk. Therefore, it is important to diagnose nasal osteoma when it is small in size, follow it up, and resect it when its size is appropriate for endoscopic surgery.

How to cite this article
Singh P, Mittal MK, Mathur NN, Sinha M. Concha Bullosa Osteoma: An Unusual Cause of Headache. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2017;10(1):25-27.
Ozone Gas Effect on Mineral Content of Dentin exposed to Streptococcus mutans Biofilm: An Energy-dispersive X-ray Evaluation
Authors: Estrela Carlos , Chaves Rafaella M , Cardoso Paula C , de JE Barata Terezinha , de Souza João B , de Torres Érica M , Estrela Cyntia RA , Magalhães Ana PR , Lopes Lawrence G 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTAimThis study aims to assess the effect of ozone gas on dentin exposed toStreptococcus mutansbiofilm by evaluation of mineral content [log calcium-to-phosphorus (Ca/P)] using energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy.Materials and methodsFive human third molars were sectioned into four slices of dentin and distributed in four groups: I – control (no treatment); II – ozone therapy; III – biofilm development; IV – ozone therapy followed by biofilm development. Mineral content (log Ca/P) was evaluated by EDX. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Tukey's test (p < 0.05).ResultsResults showed that the mineral content of control group (I) was similar to ozone group (II), and was statistically higher than biofilm (III) and ozone + biofilm (IV). The lowest log Ca/P was determined in biofilm group (III).ConclusionIt can be concluded that ozone gas did not grant preventive effects of demineralization byS. mutansbiofilm on dentin surface.Clinical significanceOzone gas therapy may be an alternative noninvasive treatment aiming to reduce the levels of caries-associated microorganisms. This therapy may, thereby, be an alternative and/or complementary treatment strategy in preventive dentistry.How to cite this articleChaves RM, Estrela C, Cardoso PC, de JE Barata T, de Souza JB, de Torres EM, Estrela CRA, Magalhães APR, Lopes LG. Ozone Gas Effect on Mineral Content of Dentin exposed toStreptococcus mutansBiofilm: An Energy-dispersive X-ray Evaluation. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(4):265-269.
Comparison of Fluoridated Miswak and Toothbrushing with Fluoridated Toothpaste on Plaque Removal and Fluoride Release
Authors: Salahuddin Sabin , Dam Robel , Zawawi Khalid H , Birkhed Dowen 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Dental caries and periodontal diseases are all induced by oral biofilm (dental plaque). This study was conducted to evaluate if fluoride-impregnated miswak is as effective in plaque removal and fluoride release as toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste.

Materials and methods
This single-blind, randomized, crossover study was conducted at the Department of Cariology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden, from February 2010 to January 2011. Fifteen healthy subjects participated in this study. The participants were instructed to use the following: (1) 0.5% NaF-impregnated miswak, (2) nonfluoridated miswak, (3) toothbrush with nonfluoride toothpaste, and (4) toothbrush with 1450 ppm fluoride toothpaste. Each method was used twice a day for 1 week after which plaque amount and fluoride concentration in resting saliva were measured. There was a 1-week washout period between each method.

Results
No significant difference between miswak and toothbrushing was found regarding plaque removal on buccal and lingual surfaces. A somewhat higher fluoride concentration in resting saliva was found after using impregnated miswak when compared with toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Miswak and toothbrushing showed the same plaque removing effect on buccal and lingual surfaces. Miswak impregnated with 0.5% NaF resulted in a higher concentration of fluoride in saliva than brushing with 1450 ppm fluoride toothpaste.

Clinical significance
Miswak impregnated with 0.5% NaF and toothbrushing results in comparable plaque removal and about the same fluoride concentration in saliva even it was somewhat higher for impregnated miswak.

How to cite this article
Baeshen H, Salahuddin S, Dam R, Zawawi KH, Birkhed D. Comparison of Fluoridated Miswak and Toothbrushing with Fluoridated Toothpaste on Plaque Removal and Fluoride Release. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(4):300-306.
Establishing Apical Patency: To be or not to be?
Authors: Jafarzadeh Hamid , Mohammadi Zahed , Shalavi Sousan , Kinoshita Jun-Ichiro 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The apical portion of the root canal is very complex and challenging during endodontic treatment. Root canal preparation and obturation to the apical constriction may provide the best prognosis. Incomplete debridement, foramen transportation, and inadequate seal in the apical portion are considered to be responsible for treatment failure. The technique “apical patency” is considered as a way for maintaining the apical part the free of the debris by recapitulation, using a small K-file through the area of the apical foramen. This term was firstly proposed by Buchanan. In this technique, the smallest diameter file is set 1 mm longer than working length and recapitulated after each instrument to prevent packing of debris in the apical part. Apical patency has been found to be effective in achieving an apical seal with gutta-percha. Teeth prepared with a step back method and with maintained apical patency may show less leakage when obturated with cold lateral condensation technique. Data regarding the effect of apical patency on the healing of periapical tissue are very scarce, and it has been shown that the patency file has detrimental effect on the healing of periapical tissues in animal studies. However, using patency file in endodontic treatment is controversial and further studies are needed. The purpose of this article is to review the effect of using a patency file on the extrusion of root canal contents, the apical seal, postoperative pain, and healing of periapical tissues. Furthermore, the effect of establishing patency on reaching irrigation solutions to the apical portion of the canal and prognosis of root canal treatment are discussed.

Clinical significance

How to cite this article
Mohammadi Z, Jafarzadeh H, Shalavi S, Kinoshita J-I. Establishing Apical Patency: To be or not to be? J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(4):326-329.