bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of CD14, IL10, and Tolerogenic Signature in Dendritic Cells Inversely Correlate with Clinical and Immunologic Response to TARP Vaccination in Prostate Cancer Patients
Authors: Castiello Luciano , Sabatino Marianna , Ren Jiaqiang , Terabe Masaki , Khuu Hanh , Wood Lauren V. , Berzofsky Jay A. , Stroncek David F. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Purpose: Despite the vast number of clinical trials conducted so far, dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer vaccines have mostly shown unsatisfactory results. Factors and manufacturing procedures essential for these therapeutics to induce effective antitumor immune responses have yet to be fully characterized. We here aimed to identify DC markers correlating with clinical and immunologic response in a prostate carcinoma vaccination regimen.
Experimental Design: We performed an extensive characterization of DCs used to vaccinate 18 patients with prostate carcinoma enrolled in a pilot trial of T-cell receptor gamma alternate reading frame protein (TARP) peptide vaccination (NCT00908258). Peptide-pulsed DC preparations (114) manufactured were analyzed by gene expression profiling, cell surface marker expression and cytokine release secretion, and correlated with clinical and immunologic responses.
Results: DCs showing lower expression of tolerogenic gene signature induced strong antigen-specific immune response and slowing in PSA velocity, a surrogate for clinical response. These DCs were also characterized by lower surface expression of CD14, secretion of IL10 and MCP-1, and greater secretion of MDC. When combined, these four factors were able to remarkably discriminate DCs that were sufficiently potent to induce strong immunologic response.
Conclusions: DC factors essential for the activation of immune responses associated with TARP vaccination in prostate cancer patients were identified. This study highlights the importance of in-depth characterization of DC vaccines and other cellular therapies, to understand the critical factors that hinder potency and potential efficacy in patients. Clin Cancer Res; 23(13); 3352–64. ©2017 AACR.
Sounding-Derived Parameters Associated with Convective Hazards in Europe
Authors: Taszarek Mateusz , Brooks Harold E. , Czernecki Bartosz 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Observed proximity soundings from Europe are used to highlight how well environmental parameters discriminate different kind of severe thunderstorm hazards. In addition, the skill of parameters in predicting lightning and waterspouts is also tested. The research area concentrates on central and western European countries and the years 2009–15. In total, 45 677 soundings are analyzed including 169 associated with extremely severe thunderstorms, 1754 with severe thunderstorms, 8361 with nonsevere thunderstorms, and 35 393 cases with nonzero convective available potential energy (CAPE) that had no thunderstorms. Results indicate that the occurrence of lightning is mainly a function of CAPE and is more likely when the temperature of the equilibrium level drops below −10°C. The probability for large hail is maximized with high values of boundary layer moisture, steep mid- and low-level lapse rates, and high lifting condensation level. The size of hail is mainly dependent on the deep layer shear (DLS) in a moderate to high CAPE environment. The likelihood of tornadoes increases along with increasing CAPE, DLS, and 0–1-km storm-relative helicity. Severe wind events are the most common in high vertical wind shear and steep low-level lapse rates. The probability for waterspouts is maximized in weak vertical wind shear and steep low-level lapse rates. Wind shear in the 0–3-km layer is the best at distinguishing between severe and extremely severe thunderstorms producing tornadoes and convective wind gusts. A parameter WMAXSHEAR multiplying square root of 2 times CAPE (WMAX) and DLS turned out to be the best in distinguishing between nonsevere and severe thunderstorms, and for assessing the severity of convective phenomena.
AROME-MetCoOp: A Nordic Convective-Scale Operational Weather Prediction Model
Authors: Müller Malte , Homleid Mariken , Ivarsson Karl-Ivar , Køltzow Morten A. Ø. , Lindskog Magnus , Midtbø Knut Helge , Andrae Ulf , Aspelien Trygve , Berggren Lars , Bjørge Dag , Dahlgren Per , Kristiansen Jørn , Randriamampianina Roger , Ridal Martin , Vignes Ole 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Since October 2013 a convective-scale weather prediction model has been used operationally to provide short-term forecasts covering large parts of the Nordic region. The model is now operated by a bilateral cooperative effort [Meteorological Cooperation on Operational Numerical Weather Prediction (MetCoOp)] between the Norwegian Meteorological Institute and the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute. The core of the model is based on the convection-permitting Applications of Research to Operations at Mesoscale (AROME) model developed by Météo-France. In this paper the specific modifications and updates that have been made to suit advanced high-resolution weather forecasts over the Nordic regions are described. This includes modifications in the surface drag description, microphysics, snow assimilation, as well as an update of the ecosystem and surface parameter description. Novel observation types are introduced in the operational runs, including ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations and radar reflectivity data from the Norwegian and Swedish radar networks. After almost two years’ worth of experience with the AROME-MetCoOp model, the model’s sensitivities to the use of specific parameterization settings are characterized and the forecast skills demonstrating the benefit as compared with the global European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts’ Integrated Forecasting System (ECMWF-IFS) are evaluated. Furthermore, case studies are provided to demonstrate the ability of the model to capture extreme precipitation and wind events.
Investigation of Fatigue, Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness, and Spectral-Based Cepstral Measurements in Healthy Speakers after Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation
Authors: Fowler Linda P. , Awan Shaheen N. , Gorham-Rowan Mary , Morris Richard 
Published: January 2017

Objectives: We observed whether 30 minutes of neuromuscular electrical stimulation applied to the necks of healthy speakers would result in significant acoustic changes and perceptions of fatigue and/or delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Methods: Twelve participants were assigned to experimental (n = 6; 3 male and 3 female) and control groups (n = 6; 3 male and 3 female). Neuromuscular electrical stimulation was applied to the anterior neck in the experimental group only. All participants produced 3 trials of the vowel / a/ and the Rainbow Passage before and after completing a 30-minute phonation protocol. Recorded samples were analyzed for measures of the cepstral peak prominence, the ratio of low- to high-frequency spectral energy, and their respective standard deviations. Perceptions of fatigue and DOMS were rated on visual analog scales before, 5 minutes after, and 24 hours after completion of the phonation protocol. Results: Statistically significant acoustic findings reflecting reduced relative sound pressure level, increased high-frequency noise, and phonatory instability were observed in the experimental group. In addition, reports of fatigue and DOMS were also reported by some participants. Conclusions: A 30-minute dosage may be too high for some people experiencing neuromuscular electrical stimulation for the first time.
Computed Tomography—Based Exploration of Infundibular Anatomy for Maxillary Sinus Balloon Dilation
Authors: Sikand Ashley 
Published: January 2017

Objectives: A clinically relevant reconstruction of the ethmoid infundibulum and maxillary sinus ostium was developed to use 3-dimensional computed tomographic (CT) imaging technology and measurement software in an effort to better understand the anatomy of the maxillary sinus ostium and to optimize the maxillary sinus balloon dilation technique. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of reconstructed high-resolution CT scans of patients from a private otolaryngology practice who underwent imaging for evaluation of sinus disease using multiplanar reconstruction software. The CT scans were retrospectively obtained from patients who presented for evaluation of chronic sinus disease and were analyzed with quantitative multiplanar reconstruction software that allowed measurements to be computed in clinically meaningful planes. Results: Data were obtained from 31 sinuses on 18 CT scans. The mean anteroposterior distance from the guidewire exit to the maxillary ostium was 3.5 mm, and the mean optimal guide trajectory (“clocking”) angle was 17.5° from the pure axial plane (95% confidence interval, 12.58° to 22.48°). The curvilinear guidewire travel distance was 6.9 mm from the guidewire exit to the ostial entry. Conclusions: This study reveals specific anatomic information that is applicable to the technique of transnasal maxillary sinus balloon catheter dilation. The data collected allow surgeons to anticipate the direction in which a guidewire must be manipulated in order to correctly enter the maxillary ostium. According to the data, a gentle anterior retraction of the uncinate process and a starting guide orientation 18° from pure lateral will best facilitate maxillary sinus ostial access. Application of the readily available software used for this study affords the opportunity to predict the location of the natural ostium within the infundibulum before operation and customize the technique to each specific patient.
Effect of Fibrin Glue on Collagen Deposition after Autologous Fascia Grafting in Rabbit Vocal Folds
Authors: Scapini Fabrício , da Silva Luiz Fernando Ferraz , Tsuji Domingos Hiroshi , Dolhnikoff Marisa , Sennes Luiz Ubirajara 
Published: January 2017

Objectives: Fibrin glue (FG) is a reaction product of fibrinogen and thrombin that forms a fibrin clot responsible for tissue adhesion. However, FG and its components may interfere with wound healing by interacting with cytokines such as transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β). The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of FG on collagen deposition after fascia grafting in the vocal folds of rabbits. Methods: Eighteen rabbits underwent autologous fascia grafting in both vocal folds, and the left side was fixed with FG. Each animal was painlessly sacrificed after 7, 30, or 90 days. The larynx was removed, and the vocal folds were prepared for histomorphometric analysis by picrosirius red staining to evaluate collagen deposition around the graft. Results: There was a significant increase in collagen density around the grafts at 90 days in the vocal folds that were fixed with FG (p = 0.0102) compared with the control vocal folds. Conclusions: Application of FG altered collagen deposition around the fascia grafts, leading to significantly increased collagen density after 90 days. Differences found in the composition of the extracellular matrix in later stages of the healing process are a result of changes that occur in the beginning of this process. Therapeutic interventions, such as the use of FG and/or its components, performed in the early stages of wound healing may interfere with the complex interactions of fibroblasts, inflammatory cells, and cytokines (especially TGF-β), thereby modulating the healing process.
Inspections in Antarctica
Authors: Hanevold Truls 
Published: January 2017

Because of the Antarctic Treaty, Antarctica has become the first, and so far the only, major demilitarized and atom free area. Among the rights given to treaty members is that of mutual inspection. The article gives an account of the major problems connected with the negotiations leading up to the inclusion of the inspection article in the treaty. After a description of the inspections which have been carried out, the ability of the member states to inspect is discussed in relation to the economic, scientific and logistic capability differences existing between them. Further, attention is drawn to the questions of effectiveness and sanctions. The possible consequences of being able and willing to inspect for the question of territorial claims and rights in the area are discussed, and finally, some alternative ways of carrying out inspections are suggested.
Arab Demands and Desires in the Conflict with the State of Israel
Authors: Heradstveit Daniel 
Published: January 2017

This study, which is based on a series of interviews conducted in Egypt, Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon in March–April 1970, focuses on Arab attitudes towards a negotiated settlement with the state of Israel. The Arab world, it appears, is divided into those who want to liberate Palestine while rejecting negotiations, and those whose main concern is to liberate the territories occupied in the 1967 war, viewing negotiations as useful to this end. With many factors difficult to assess in terms of their relative importance and weight, the outcome of the struggle for the upper hand between the adherents of the two strategies becomes even more uncertain. Both strategies, however, are deeply rooted in the Arab world. Because of this, it is also concluded that a negotiated settlement, along the lines of the UN resolution of November 1967, would not be a basis for lasting stability in the area, notwithstanding its reducing the likelihood of new local wars.
Study into the Ability of Healthy People of Small Stature to Satisfy the Sampling Requirements of Breath Alcohol Testing Instruments
Authors: Gomm P J , Broster C G , Johnson N Mcl , Hammond K 
Published: January 2017

In a previous study (Gomm et al., 1991) people with a variety of respiratory diseases were tested and criteria defined for assessing their ability to provide samples for Breath Alcohol Testing Instruments. This study investigated the possible problems which may be encountered by healthy people of small stature — 5ft 5in (166cm) or less — who do not suffer from a respiratory disease. This study followed the same pattern as the earlier work in that lung function (Forced Expiration Volume in One Second (FEV1) and Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)) was measured by spirometry, and Peak Expiration Flow Rate (PEFR) was measured using a Wright peak flow meter. Following the lung function measurements the subjects were requested to provide samples for Breath Alcohol Testing Instruments used by the Police in Great Britain. As with the previously reported work (Gomm et al., 1991), this study found that the FEV1 and FVC gave the most reliable indication of a person's capability of satisfying the sampling requirements of Breath Alcohol Testing Instruments, but on this occasion the PEFR also provided a good confirmatory indication. Because there were no subjects with interstitial lung diseases the values determined by this study on 48 healthy adults indicate that a healthy person of small stature should be capable of supplying a suitable breath sample if their FEV1, FVC and PEFR are greater than 2.31, 2.61 and 330 1/min respectively.
Audit of a Change in Otolaryngology Discharge Letters Using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (Sign) Recommendations
Authors: Lee M. S. , Nunez D. A. , Lamont H. J. 
Published: January 2017

Hospital and general practitioners should establish good communications so that continuity of care can be maintained when patients are discharged from hospital. A discharge letter was routinely prepared utilizing the standardized morbidity registration forms by the house surgeon for delivery to the patient s general practitioner. The authors developed a new discharge letter, which was sent under separate cover to the general practitioner. The two discharge letters were assessed utilising data fields recommended by the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN). A total of 162 consecutive paediatric patient discharges were identified. The mean number of items present in the existing and the new discharge letters were 13.7 + 1.8 and 12.2 + 3 respectively. The new discharge letter met the SIGN guidelines more closely than the existing discharge letter.
Assessment of Absorption from Small Bowel
Authors: Watson W. C. 
Published: January 2017

Malabsorption is suggested by a variety of clinical features. First suspicions are heightened by deficiency states such as anaemia, weight loss, hypocalcaemia, hypoproteinaemia, hypokalaemia and avitaminosis. Corroboration is most surely obtained by estimation of the daily faecal fat excretion, xylose absorption, or both. Elucidation of the cause of the malabsorption may require a wide range of investigations.
Peptic Ulcer in Central Scotland
Authors: Dunlop J. M. 
Published: January 2017

This article concerns the social class incidence, duration of symptoms, age at onset of symptoms and the blood groups of patients who were found during 1962 at Stirling Royal Infirmary to have peptic ulcer. The ulcer was either proven radiologically or was found at laparotomy which was being carried out for perforation, severe haematemesis or some other reason. A low incidence in males of both gastric and duodenal ulcers was found in Social Class 3 and an increase in incidence in Social Class 4. Gastric ulcer in males tends to occur later in life than duodenal ulcer and in females there is a striking increase in duodenal ulcer in the 40 to 49 decade of life. The hypothesis is advanced that this may be due to hormonal changes. A second hypothesis is advanced that ‘secretors’ of blood group genotype AA, BB, or AB are immune to duodenal ulcer.
The Glasgow-Nairobi Link 1965–67
Authors: Kennedy J. S. 
Published: January 2017

A Medical School has been established in University College, Nairobi, and started first year teaching in July 1967, with an intake of 25 students. The Glasgow-Nairobi link, formed in 1965, has played a major part in this development by providing clinical teaching, based on the main Government Hospital in Nairobi, with volunteer students from Makerere University College Medical School. This arrangement will continue until the Nairobi 1967 intake reaches the clinical part of the curriculum. It is probable that the link will have to be sustained for at least another 5 years to ensure a proper academic strength in the developing clinical and paraclinical departments. Provision of new buildings and equipment is reasonably assured. The success of the new Medical School will be dependent on continued provision of adequate academic staff.
Psychiatric Service in 1967 at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh
Authors: Aitken R. C. B. , Carstairs G. M. 
Published: January 2017

The psychiatric service provided at a large teaching hospital is reviewed. Epidemiological features are reported on the patients seen from 4 sources: poisoning treatment centre; general wards; psychiatric out-patient clinic; and accident and emergency department. Substantial increase in the referral rates from the first two sources is noted. Distributions of the diagnoses are given, with details of the further management offered.
Negative Association between Allergy and Cancer
Authors: Ure Dorothy M. J. 
Published: January 2017

In a survey of 140 patients in the gynaecology wards of a large general hospital, the subjects were asked whether they suffered from any of the common hay-fever type allergies, for example, to flowers, bedding dust, etc. An incidence of 20 per cent was established. Surgical and biopsy reports on this ward population established an incidence of malignant conditions at 28 per cent. These two groups of comparable age turned out to be mutually exclusive. Reports of pregnancy nausea were also taken. Previous susceptibility to this varied from none to severe, and correlated positively with reports of common allergic type reactions, and consequently, inversely, with liability to gynaecological cancers in later life. The possible significance of this result in the studies of cancer is discussed.
Renal Papillary Necrosis and Aspirin
Authors: Prescott L. F. 
Published: January 2017

Unexplained renal papillary necrosis with macrocytic anaemia was present in a 58-year-old man who had taken approximately 7 tablets of aspirin daily for 2 to 3 years. There was no history of regular consumption of preparations containing phenacetin. The blood urea level was never elevated but the creatinine clearance was moderately reduced; there was impairment of urinary concentration and the excretion of titratable acid and NH4+ was abnormally low following administration of ammonium chloride. There is considerable clinical and experimental evidence of the nephrotoxicity of salicylates and it is possible that the nephrotoxicity attributed to phenacetin could in many cases be due to the salicylate taken with it.
Congenital Dislocation of the HIP
Authors: Mitchell G. P. 
Published: January 2017

Treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip depends on the age of the patient and on the assessment of the particular pathological factors present at the different stages of displacement. Treatment at birth by routine examination for the ‘clunk’ sign is the only reliable method whereby normal joint development can be anticipated in almost every case. Treatment in the early months of life may be complicated by intra-articular soft tissue obstruction. Particular care is essential to avoid pressure changes in the upper femoral epiphysis and metaphysis. Dislocation after walking age is invariably accompanied by intra-articular obstruction and altered inclination of the acetabular roof. Traction reduction followed by surgical correction of the secondary pathological changes offers the best result as a routine in this age group. Treatment of the late painful subluxation is always difficult but satisfactory results can be achieved by the pelvic displacement operation of Chiari.
Urinary Steroids in Depressive Illness
Authors: Sclare A. Balfour , Grant J. K. 
Published: January 2017

A longitudinal study of urinary 17-OHCS in 16 depressive patients showed mean values within the accepted normal range. There were no significant differences between pre-treatment and post-treatment values; only the female patients showed a tendency to have somewhat lower post-treatment levels. 17-KS output was measured in 18 depressive patients. The mean values were within the normal range. There was no significant difference between pre-treatment and post-treatment values although the female patients displayed a tendency towards somewhat lower levels following treatment. DHA and EA excretion were measured in 9 depressive patients. There was a very wide variance in the findings. There was no significant difference between pre-treatment and post-treatment levels. The significance of the above findings is discussed. It is considered that measurements of urinary excretion of corticosteroids in affective disorders constitute a limited source of information.
Sonar in the Puerperium
Authors: Robinson H. P. 
Published: January 2017

Sonar was employed as a diagnostic aid in 112 patients who had bleeding in the postnatal period. A significant quantity of intrauterine tissue was detected in 29 patients and clinical confirmation obtained in all 25 who were subsequently taken to theatre. Eleven of the 83 patients in whom sonar showed an ‘empty’ uterus also had an evacuation performed, and the sonar findings were confirmed in ten. It is concluded that sonar provides reliable information on the presence or absence of retained intrauterine tissue, and that using this technique the number of unnecessary operations could be reduced.