bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Values and Disorder in Mental Capacity Law
Authors: Auckland Cressida 
Published: October 2024

This book draws on the disciplines of law, philosophy, and psychiatry to interrogate whether the Mental Capacity Act 2005 meets the challenges posed by mental disorder to decision-making. It is often assumed that to allow space for individuality, any test for capacity must focus only on decision-making processes and not on the substance of the values that underpin decisions. Auckland challenges this assumption, arguing that the current law serves merely as a façade, behind which judgements can be made about the nature of a person's values, free from proper scrutiny. This book provides an in-depth analysis of when and how a person's disordered values should be relevant to the determination of their capacity, offering novel suggestions for reforming the capacity test to better reflect the impact of disorder on decision-making. It also explores the implications of this analysis for people found to lack capacity, concluding that reforms to the best interest provisions are urgently needed. This title is part of the Flip it Open Programme and may also be available Open Access. Check our website Cambridge Core for details.
The spatial and temporal effect of electrochromic windows on indoor and human microbiome in an inpatient hospital
Authors: Lam Man In , Gleason Kelsey , Repp Allen B. , Yeo Sam , Vojnits Kinga , MacNaughton Piers , Pakpour Sepideh 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective:
Improving the hospital environment and developing novel disinfection strategies are critical for infection control in healthcare settings. In this study, we explored the effects of electrochromic (EC) windows on indoor and patient microbiome in an inpatient hospital.

Patient and setting:
Hematology-Oncology patients at the University of Vermont Medical Center

Methods:
We conducted a prospective study in ten occupied patient rooms. Five of the patient rooms had active EC windows that tint dynamically to control for heat and glare, and the other five rooms had deactivated EC windows that simulated traditional windows and blinds. Samples were collected one day before patient admission as baseline and on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th day of the patient stay. Total bacterial abundance and bacterial community structure were determined through quantitative PCR and 16s rRNA Illumina MiSeq sequencing, respectively.

Results:
Patient rooms with active EC windows had significantly lower light intensity and temperature than traditional patient rooms with blinds. The absolute bacterial abundance and diversities on windows were significantly lower in rooms with EC windows and the bacterial composition changed after one day EC window activation. Compared to baseline, relative abundance of the Staphylococcus genus was significantly lower on EC window surface during the five-day experiment. In contrast, the air microbiome was more diverse in rooms with EC windows.

Conclusion:
Active electrochromic (EC) windows in patient rooms result in lower light intensity and temperature, reduced bacterial abundance and diversities on window surfaces, and a more diverse air microbiome, informing future healthcare design.
Mobilization of a Mobile Veterinary Clinic to Ukraine During Wartime: Notes from the Field
Authors: Geller Jon 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In late May, 2023, a 25’ long mobile veterinary clinic was mobilized to Ukraine from the US to provide emergency veterinary response for the animals of Ukraine. Due to effects of the Russian invasion, many pets and other animals were suffering from neglect, starvation and injuries, and many veterinary practices had been forced to close, greatly decreasing access to care. Prior to the mobilization of the mobile clinic, an initial response to care for pets of Ukraine refugees had been set up at the Ukraine-Romania border in early March 2022, soon after the invasion begun. This presentation will describe the initial challenges that arose when 6 million refugees, some with pets, migrated from Eurasia to Eastern and Westen Europe with the focus on potential zoonotic disease transmission, barriers to travelling to the EU with pets, and the strong bonds that the Ukraine people had with their pets. The main focus of the presentation will be on the many logistical challenges that arose with the transport and mobilization of the mobile veterinary clinic from the US to Ukraine, and operational issues related to security, travel logistics, language barriers, stocking drugs and medical supplies, pet overpopulation and many other challenges.
Ethics of Artificial Intelligence in Disaster Medicine
Authors: O’Mathúna Dónal P 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) covers a broad range of technologies that offer great potential and raise concerns, including ethical concerns. Some of these apply to any new technology. Potential benefits provide ethical justifications for AI, but what about potential risks and harms? How do we assess unknown harms, especially ‘dual use’ dilemmas where beneficial AI could be hijacked for harmful uses? Other ethical issues relate to the data used in AI. Machine learning offers the potential to process massive amounts of data that can be put to good use in disaster risk reduction, planning and guiding disaster responses. However, the quality of the output depends on the quality of the data input. What ethical responsibilities apply to monitoring data quality? How will privacy and confidentiality be protected for such data, especially if used for disasters in conflict or insecure settings? What if the data is influenced by inequities, or the output is used for stigmatization or discrimination? This presentation will examine these and other ethical issues with AI and disasters.

Learning Objectives
To identify ethical issues with AI and disasters.
To provide ethical analysis of concerns about AI and disasters.
To propose ethically responsible ways of using AI for disasters.
Developing Wearable (Wristband) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (Drone) Advanced Technologies in Mass Casualty Incident (MCI) Response: The NIGHTINGALE PROJECT
Authors: Caviglia Marta 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The NIGHTINGALE PROJECT aims at transforming the landscape of Mass Casualty Incident (MCI) response by seamlessly incorporating cutting-edge technologies. At its core, this initiative leverages advanced solutions, including wearable wristbands and unmanned aerial vehicles (drones), to enhance the operational efficiency and effectiveness of MCI response teams. These technologies are designed to provide real-time data collection, communication, and coordination capabilities, offering invaluable support for first responders in chaotic and resource-constrained MCI scenarios. The successful integration of such innovative technologies within the complex operational context of MCI handling poses a series of challenges that hold the potential to reshape the existing paradigms. Therefore, NIGHTINGALE users have performed a thorough analysis of the widely operated protocols and discussed common denominators of MCI prehospital response in light of these new technological solutions, with the objective of translating recommendations into practice.

Learning Objectives
Gain a comprehensive understanding of the cutting-edge technologies (such as wearables and drones) that can potentially be integrated in prehospital MCI response.
Learn how these technologies operate and their potential benefit in enhancing MCI response.
Understand challenges and implications of technology integration into the complex operational context of MCI handling.
Strengthening Global Health Security: Equipping U.S. Public Health Service Officers for Disaster Response and Public Health Crises
Authors: Cooper Kami 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Over 134 years, the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) Commissioned Corps has served as America’s adaptable, rapid-response asset for public health emergencies. This presentation outlines USPHS capabilities across key threats - from climate and infectious disease crises to border healthcare needs and national security events. It highlights response impact and priorities around training, partnerships, best practice sharing, and officer development that ready USPHS for 21st century demands. Attendees will gain insight into how specialized USPHS emergency preparedness makes it indispensable for advancing health security alongside allies globally.
Designing emerging technologies taking into account upscaling
Authors: Riondet Lucas , Rio Maud , Perrot Bernardet Véronique , Zwolinski Peggy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Under the umbrella concepts of upscaling and emerging technology, a wide variety of phenomena related to technology development and deployment in society are examined to meet societal imperatives (e.g., environment, safety, social justice). The design literature does not provide an explicit common theoretical and practical framework to clarify the assessment method to handle “an” upscaling. In this nebulous context, designers are struggling to identify the characteristics to anticipate the consequences of emerging technology upscaling. This article therefore first proposes a structuring framework to analyze the literature in a wide range of industrial sectors (energy, chemistry, building, etc.). This characterization brought to light five prevalent archetypes clarifying the concepts of upscaling and emerging technology. Then, a synthesis of invariants and methodological requirements for designers is proposed to deal with upscaling assessment according to each archetype, based on a literature review of existing design methods. This literature review process showed a disparity in treatment for some archetypes, regarding the industrial sector. A discussion is consequently proposed in the conclusion to guide design practices.
“We Were Put Out of Good Jobs”: Women Night Workers in New York and the Origins of the Women’s Equal Opportunity League
Authors: Tiven R.B. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the 1910s, U.S. social reformers advocated for labor laws to protect women who worked in factories. The laws included bans on women working at night. In New York, a small contingent of night-working women who had lost their jobs objected. Arguing that the laws were paternalistic and harmful, they formed the Women’s Equal Opportunity League. The group opposed all single-sex laws and ultimately won repeal of New York’s night work ban for printers, elevator operators, and transit workers. Night work was the stage on which reformers’ ideas about the greater good conflicted with arguments for women’s autonomy. Whether and what kind of work women should do at night was a conflict about class, motherhood, and self-determination. This article profiles three leaders of the Women’s Equal Opportunity League—printer Ella M. Sherwin, transit guard Margaret Hinchey, and streetcar ticket agent Mary A. Murray. All three were devoted union members whose opposition to women-only laws made them dissidents within their unions. They remained shift workers their entire lives while lobbying state legislatures and Congress to demand formal legal equality for women. Histories of the early Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) have emphasized the support of upper- and middle-class women. These working-class women, who had long opposed protective legislation, later demanded the ERA—not in spite of the prospect that it would nullify single-sex labor laws, but because they hoped it would. Theirs was a minority position, and paying attention to it reveals the complexity of class conflict at the root of a feminist dispute which persisted long into the twentieth century.
Control of sperm penetration using stereumamide A derived from Trichaptum fuscoviolaceum in the in vitro fertilization of pig oocytes
Authors: Yi Young-Joo , Lee Yoon-Ju , Adikari Adikari Arachchige Dilki Indrachapa , Yun Bong-Sik 
Published: October 2024

SummaryFungal metabolites are known to have potent and diverse properties such as antiviral, antidiabetic, antitumour, antioxidant, free radical scavenging, and antibacterial effects which can be utilized to treat diseases. In this study, we investigated the functional activity of stereumamide A (StA) derived from a culture broth of Trichaptum fuscoviolaceum during the in vitro fertilization (IVF) of pig oocytes, to determine its effects on sperm penetration. Oocytes matured in vitro were fertilized in the absence or presence of varying concentrations of StA (0-50 μg/ml StA). When StA was directly added into the IVF medium, significantly lower fertilization rates were seen with the 20 or 50 μg/ml StA (2.0–17.5%) treatments compared with those of 10 μg/ml StA or the controls (60.9–62.3%), whereas StA had no influence on the survival of oocytes and spermatozoa throughout the IVF process. For evaluating the control of sperm entry, mature oocytes were pre-incubated in a medium containing 20 μg/ml StA for 1 h, and then IVF was subsequently performed. The incidence of polyspermy was significantly reduced when oocytes were pre-incubated with StA (15.0% vs. 50.4–57.5% in controls). In conclusion, sperm penetration was inhibited in the medium in the presence of StA during IVF, while StA did not affect sperm motility and fertility competence. Fertilization was controlled when mature oocytes were incubated with StA prior to IVF, suggesting the possible use of the fungal metabolite in assisted reproductive technology for humans and animals.
Salt-related knowledge, attitudes and practices and their relationship with 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretions among a group of healthy residents in the UAE: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Jarrar Amjad H , Thondre Pariyarath S , Cheikh Ismail Leila , Lightowler Helen , Bataineh Mo’ath F , Al Baloushi Alia K , Al Braiki Amira Y , Al Halabi Shaima , Hajouz Joudi , Souka Usama , Al Meqbaali Fatima , Stojanovska Lily , Ali Habiba I , Idriss Johaina T , Al Daour Rameez , Saleh Sheima T , Mohamad Maysm N , Al Dhaheri Ayesha S 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective:
This study aimed to measure urinary sodium and potassium as a measure of sodium and potassium intake concerning the knowledge, attitude and practice towards sodium intake among a group of healthy residents in the UAE.

Design:
A cross-sectional study on a sample of healthy adults in the UAE. In addition to the knowledge, attitude and practice questionnaire, sodium and potassium excretions and food records were taken.

Setting:
The UAE.

Participants:
A sample of 190 healthy individuals aged between 20 and 60 years.

Results:
The mean (± sd) age of the sample was 38·6 (± 12·5) years, and 50·5 % were females. The mean urinary sodium and potassium intake were 2816·2 ± 675·7 mg/d and 2533·3 ± 615 mg/d, respectively. The means were significantly different compared with the WHO recommendation of sodium and potassium (P < 0·001). About 65 % of the participants exceeded the WHO recommendations for salt intake, and participants’ knowledge classification for health-related issues was fair, while food-related knowledge was poor (P = 0·001). A two-stage stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that knowledge, attitude and practice scores were negatively associated with urinary sodium excretion (r = –0·174; P = 0·017) and those older participants and females had lower urinary sodium excretion (P < 0·001).

Conclusions:
These findings may suggest an increase in the risk of hypertension in the UAE population. Moreover, these findings emphasise the need to establish education and public awareness programmes focusing on identifying the sodium contents of foods and establishing national regulations regarding food reformulation, particularly for staple foods such as bread.
How to Find Accurate Terrain and Canopy Height GEDI Footprints in Temperate Forests and Grasslands?
Authors: Moudrý Vítězslav , Prošek Jiří , Marselis Suzanne , Marešová Jana , Šárovcová Eliška , Gdulová Kateřina , Kozhoridze Giorgi , Torresani Michele , Rocchini Duccio , Eltner Anette , Liu Xiao , Potůčková Markéta , Šedová Adéla , Crespo‐Peremarch Pablo , Torralba Jesús , Ruiz Luis A. , Perrone Michela , Špatenková Olga , Wild Jan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFiltering approaches on Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) data differ considerably across existing studies and it is yet unclear which method is the most effective. We conducted an in‐depth analysis of GEDI's vertical accuracy in mapping terrain and canopy heights across three study sites in temperate forests and grasslands in Spain, California, and New Zealand. We started with unfiltered data (2,081,108 footprints) and describe a workflow for data filtering using Level 2A parameters and for geolocation error mitigation. We found that retaining observations with at least one detected mode eliminates noise more effectively than sensitivity. The accuracy of terrain and canopy height observations depended considerably on the number of modes, beam sensitivity, landcover, and terrain slope. In dense forests, a minimum sensitivity of 0.9 was required, while in areas with sparse vegetation, sensitivity of 0.5 sufficed. Sensitivity greater than 0.9 resulted in an overestimation of canopy height in grasslands, especially on steep slopes, where high sensitivity led to the detection of multiple modes. We suggest excluding observations with more than five modes in grasslands. We found that the most effective strategy for filtering low‐quality observations was to combine the quality flag and difference from TanDEM‐X, striking an optimal balance between eliminating poor‐quality data and preserving a maximum number of high‐quality observations. Positional shifts improved the accuracy of GEDI terrain estimates but not of vegetation height estimates. Our findings guide users to an easy way of processing of GEDI footprints, enabling the use of the most accurate data and leading to more reliable applications.
Recognising and supporting authentic learning in a changing world: the opportunities and threats of AI
Authors: Mullan Francesca , Mather Helen , Bateman Heidi , Cairns Alison , Nasseripour Melanie , Binnie Viv , Dawson Luke , McCracken Giles , Ellis Janice 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSince the term AI (artificial intelligence) was first coined, it has become embedded in modern life, with debate focusing on its challenges. In dentistry, AI is being used in clinical and education practice; however, many educators have limited knowledge or skills in its use. The British Alliance of Researchers in Dental Education and Scholarship hosted an AI-themed conference in November 2023. The conference organisers set out to initiate discussion on the use of AI in UK dental education, including a focused workshop to develop a consensus opinion. Before the conference, potential opportunities and threats associated with AI were determined, and through a pre-conference questionnaire, these were prioritised for in-depth discussion. During the workshop, personalised learning, support for learning, educator resources and equality were all identified as opportunities presented by AI, while digital literacy, misuse and safety were seen as potential threats. Two key overarching concepts emerged at the end of the conference: recognition that AI is here to stay and that dental schools must engage with it now to realise its potential; and recognition that educators do not know enough about how students are using AI and need to collaborate with our students in future development and research.
Polishing systems for modern aesthetic dental materials: a narrative review
Authors: Khan Adil , Hodson Nicholas , Altaie Asmaa 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectives To review the current literature surrounding chairside polishing systems for resin composites, zirconia and lithium disilicate restorations.Methods A literature search was undertaken and databases were hand-searched for the most relevant articles.Discussion The current marketplace contains a wide variety of polishing systems, each with different abrasive compounds and number of steps. Current efforts are aimed at reducing the number of steps required for polishing to improve clinical effectiveness. Reduced step systems showed some comparable results to the more traditional multi-step protocols, but the most effective results were achieved with the use of polishing paste as an additional step.Conclusions Based on the current available literature, the use of material-specific polishing systems is effective for chairside polishing of direct and indirect restorative materials. However, it is important to emphasise that, for optimum outcomes, it is essential to follow manufacturers' recommendations for each step, with particular considerations of the handpiece speed, time spent per step and use of adjunct water coolant.
Design & development of adulteration detection system by fumigation method & machine learning techniques
Authors: Agrawal Urvashi , Bawane Narendra , Alsubaie Najah , Alqahtani Mohammed S. , Abbas Mohamed , Soufiene Ben Othman 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA novel method for discovery of adulteration in edible oil is proposed based on concept of refractive index and electronic sensors. The research work focusses on two distinct methodologies like employing datasets and implementing a fumigation technique that integrates real-time hardware for testing Edible oil Impurities. In the first method, the dataset taken into consideration contains spectral data collected using Advanced ATR-MIR Spectroscopy for pure oil and various levels of adulteration with Vegetable oil. Each and every edible oil has a certain value of refractive index. When such oils are contemned in a change adding adulterants, the value of its refractive indices also changes. This value of refractive index serves as a feature for testing the oil and helps us in detecting the adulteration. If Oil is adulterated with vegetable oils, the refractive index will be lower and with animal fats, the refractive index will be higher than that of pure Oil. While in Fumigation Method a hardware module is develop in which adulterated & pure oil samples are heated at 40–50 °C for 4.66 min and the volatiles that are generated by varying gas concentrations are forcefully passed through to the MEMS Gas Sensor-MISC-2714 and Multichannel Gas sensor. The conductance of the sensors changes according to the gases sensed by the sensors contributes to features extraction. The conductance value serves as a feature for the classifier to determine whether the sample is highly, moderately, or lowly contaminated. Thus, in proposed methods we use different algorithms based on machine learning like KNN, Random Forest, CATBOOST and XGBOOST to accurately reveal the adulteration. Amongst all the applied algorithm Random Forest (RF) Classifier & XGBOOST algorithm outperform well and gives 100% accuracy. The proposed work is used for identifying food adulteration in edible food products which helps us to feed Society with high-quality food.