bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in poly(A) tail length dynamics from the loss of the circadian deadenylase Nocturnin
Authors: Kojima Shihoko , Gendreau Kerry L. , Sher-Chen Elaine L. , Gao Peng , Green Carla B. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractmRNA poly(A) tails are important for mRNA stability and translation and enzymes that regulate the poly(A) tail length significantly impact protein profiles. There are eleven putative deadenylases in mammals and it is thought that each targets specific transcripts, although this has not been clearly demonstrated. Nocturnin (NOC) is a unique deadenylase with robustly rhythmic expression and loss of Noc in mice (Noc KO) results in resistance to diet-induced obesity. In an attempt to identify target transcripts of NOC, we performed “poly(A)denylome” analysis, a method that measures poly(A) tail length of transcripts in a global manner and identified 213 transcripts that have extended poly(A) tails in Noc KO liver. These transcripts share unexpected characteristics: they are short in length, have long half-lives, are actively translated and gene ontology analyses revealed that they are enriched in functions in ribosome and oxidative phosphorylation pathways. However, most of these transcripts do not exhibit rhythmicity in poly(A) tail length or steady-state mRNA level, despite Noc’s robust rhythmicity. Therefore, even though the poly(A) tail length dynamics seen between genotypes may not result from direct NOC deadenylase activity, these data suggest that NOC exerts strong effects on physiology through direct and indirect control of target mRNAs.
Snow occurrence changes over the central and eastern United States under future warming scenarios
Authors: Ning Liang , Bradley Raymond S. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractChanges of snow occurrence across the central and eastern United States under future warming for the late 21st century are investigated by applying an empirical hyperbolic tangent function to both observed and downscaled high spatial resolution (~12.5 km) daily temperature and precipitation, to compare the historical (1981–2000) and future (2081–2100) snow occurrence. The observed distributions of snow frequency show that snow-rain transition zones are mainly zonally distributed, since they are largely determined by temperature, with slight shifts to the south over the Appalachian Mountains. The snow-rain transition zone is located around 38–46°N for November and March and 32–42°N for winter months (DJF). These observed patterns are reproduced well for the historical period by an ensemble average of multiple general circulation models (GCMs). The probabilistic projections show that the snow-rain transition zone will shift to the north under the background of global warming at magnitudes of 2–6 °C, indicating that large areas will experience a partial, or even a very large, loss of snow occurrence in the future. The northward shifts are about 2° latitude under the representative concentration pathways 4.5 (RCP4.5) scenario and 4° latitude under the RCP8.5 scenario. The percentages of the area losing snow occurrence are also assessed.
Electrochemical gating-induced reversible and drastic resistance switching in VO2 nanowires
Authors: Sasaki Tsubasa , Ueda Hiroki , Kanki Teruo , Tanaka Hidekazu 
Published: November 2015

AbstractReversible and drastic modulation of the transport properties in vanadium dioxide (VO2) nanowires by electric field-induced hydrogenation at room temperature was demonstrated using the nanogaps separated by humid air in field-effect transistors with planer-type gates (PG-FET). These PG-FETs allowed us to investigate behavior of revealed hydrogen intercalation and diffusion aspects with time and spatial evolutions in nanowires. These results show that air nanogaps can operate as an electrochemical reaction field, even in a gaseous atmosphere, and offer new directions to explore emerging functions for electronic and energy devices in oxides.
Two‐degree‐of‐freedom proportional integral speed control of electrical drives with Kalman‐filter‐based speed estimation
Authors: Xia Changliang , Ji Bingnan , Shi Tingna , Yan Yan 
Published: November 2015

This study proposes a speed control scheme to improve the speed control performance of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) servo system which is equipped with an absolute optical encoder. A two‐degree‐of‐freedom proportional integral speed controller is utilised to make a good compromise between tracking and disturbance rejection performance. Properties of the controller are analysed using the root locus method. As the controller performance is prone to be deteriorated by speed measurement noise and time delay, a novel Kalman filter is used to optimise the speed measurement process. The proposed Kalman filter modifies gain matrix based on the position residue error. By this means it improves dynamic response speed without damaging steady‐state precision. Experimental researches are carried out on a 5.2 kW PMSM drive prototype and the results prove the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Primary Aldosteronism: New Answers, New Questions
Authors: Funder J. W. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThere have been 2, and possibly 3, major questions for primary aldosteronism (PA)
answered at least in principle over the past 5 years. The first is that of
somatic mutations underlying the majority of aldosterone producing adenomas. The
second is the extension of our knowledge of the genetics of familial
hypertension, and the third the role of renal intercalated cells in sodium
homeostasis. New questions for the next 5 years include a single accepted
confirmatory/exclusion test; standardisation of assays and cut-offs;
alternatives to universal adrenal venous sampling; reclassification of ‘low
renin hypertension’; recognition of the extent of ‘occult’ PA; inclusion of
low-dose mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist in first-line therapy for
hypertension; and finally, possible resolution of the aldosterone/inappropriate
sodium status enigma at the heart of the cardiovascular damage in PA.
Experimental Infections of Bluegill with the Trematode Ribeiroia ondatrae (Digenea: Cathaemasiidae): Histopathology and Hematological Response
Authors: Calhoun Dana M. , Schaffer Paula A. , Gregory Jacklyn R. , Hardy Katherine M. , Johnson Pieter T. J. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Infections by the digenetic trematode, Ribeiroia ondatrae, cause severe limb malformations in many North American amphibians. Ribeiroia ondatrae also infects fishes as second intermediate hosts, but less is known about the pathology and immune responses initiated in infected fish, even though reports of infected fish date back to early 1900s. To this end, we experimentally exposed juvenile Bluegills Lepomis macrochirus to three doses of R. ondatrae cercariae and monitored the pathology, parasite infection success, and humoral responses over 648 h. All exposed fish became infected with metacercariae, and the average infection load increased with exposure dose. Histologically, infection was associated with acute hemorrhages in the lateral line and local dermis at 36 h, followed by progressive granulomatous inflammation that led to the destruction of encysted metacercariae. Correspondingly, over the course of 648 h we observed an 85% decline in average infection load among hosts, reflecting the host's clearance of the parasite. Infection was not associated with changes in fish growth or survival, but did correlate with leukocytosis and neutrophilia in circulating host blood. Understanding the physiological responses of R. ondatrae in Bluegill will help to clarify the ecological effects of this parasite and provide a foundation for subsequent comparisons into its effects on behavior, individual health, and population dynamics of Bluegill.
Received March 4, 2015; accepted August 9, 2015
The relationship between the external environment and physician e-mail communication
Authors: Mazurenko Olena , Hearld Larry R. , Menachemi Nir 
Published: November 2015

Background:
Physician e-mail communication, with patients and other providers, is one of the cornerstones of effective care coordination but varies significantly across physicians. A physician’s external environment may contribute to such variations by enabling or constraining a physician’s ability to adopt innovations such as health information technology (HIT) that can be used to support e-mail communication.

Purpose:
The aim of the study was to examine whether the relationship of the external environment and physician e-mail communication with patients and other providers is mediated by the practice’s HIT availability.

Methodology:
The data were obtained from the Health Tracking Physician Survey (2008) and the Area Resource File (2008). Cross-sectional multivariable subgroup path analysis was used to investigate the mediating role of HIT availability across 2,850 U.S. physicians.

Findings:
Solo physicians’ perceptions about malpractice were associated with 0.97 lower odds (p < .05) of e-mail communication with patients and other providers, as compared to group and hospital practices, even when mediated by HIT availability. Subgroup analyses indicated that different types of practices are responsive to the different dimensions of the external environment. Specifically, solo practitioners were more responsive to the availability of resources in their environment, with per capita income associated with lower likelihood of physician e-mail communication (OR = 0.99, p < .01). In contrast, physicians working in the group practices were more responsive to the complexity of their environment, with a physician’s perception of practicing in environments with higher malpractice risks associated with greater information technology availability, which in turn was associated with a greater likelihood of communicating via e-mail with patients (OR = 1.02, p < .05) and other physicians (OR = 1.03, p < .001).

Practical Applications:
The association between physician e-mail communication and the external environment is mediated by the practice’s HIT availability. Efforts to improve physician e-mail communication and HIT adoption may need to reflect the varied perceptions of different types of practices.
Organizational capacity for change in health care
Authors: Spaulding Aaron , Kash Bita A. , Johnson Christopher E. , Gamm Larry 
Published: November 2015

Background:
We do not have a strong understanding of a health care organization’s capacity for attempting and completing multiple and sometimes competing change initiatives. Capacity for change implementation is a critical success factor as the health care industry is faced with ongoing demands for change and transformation because of technological advances, market forces, and regulatory environment.

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to develop and validate a tool to measure health care organizations’ capacity to change by building upon previous conceptualizations of absorptive capacity and organizational readiness for change.

Methodology/Approach:
A multistep process was used to develop the organizational capacity for change survey. The survey was sent to two populations requesting answers to questions about the organization’s leadership, culture, and technologies in use throughout the organization. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to validate the survey as a measurement tool for organizational capacity for change in the health care setting.

Findings:
The resulting organizational capacity for change measurement tool proves to be a valid and reliable method of evaluating a hospital’s capacity for change through the measurement of the population’s perceptions related to leadership, culture, and organizational technologies.

Practical Implications:
The organizational capacity for change measurement tool can help health care managers and leaders evaluate the capacity of employees, departments, and teams for change before large-scale implementation.
Microbiology and Biofilm Trends of Silicone Lacrimal Implants: Comparing Infected Versus Routinely Removed Stents
Authors: Samimi David B. , Ediriwickrema Lilangi S. , Bielory Brett P. , Miller Darlene , Lee Wendy , Johnson Thomas E. 
Published: November 2015

Purpose:
To investigate the pathogens and biofilms responsible for clinically significant infection of silicone stents implanted within the lacrimal system.

Methods:
Retrospective review of culture results and patient demographics for all silicone lacrimal stents removed early for clinically significant infection and sent to the Bascom Palmer Microbiology Laboratory through the end of year 2010. As a control, routinely removed, clinically noninfected stents from the same institution were prospectively sent for culture over a 6-month period. Four clinically infected and 6 clinically noninfected stents showing mucus within the lumen at removal were sent for scanning electron microscopy. Images were randomized and graded by a microbiologist for the presence of organisms, matrix deposits, organisms within matrix, and overall impression of significant biofilm formation.

Results:
Nineteen stents were included in the study; 100% of clinically infected (n = 10) and noninfected (n = 9) stents were culture positive. Culture positivity for nontuberculous mycobacterium was found in 90% of infected stents and none of the noninfected stents (p < 0.001). Of infected stents, 50% grew Gram-positive organisms compared with 89% of noninfected stents (p = 0.07). Fifty percent of infected versus 67% of noninfected stents were culture positive for Gram-negative organisms (p = 0.46). Electron microscopy of stents revealed organisms consistent with culture results (size, shape) in planktonic and biofilm form. Masked observer image grading revealed a statistically significant higher amount of organism and biofilm on infected versus noninfected specimen.

Conclusion:
Nontuberculous mycobacteria comprise the primary pathogens responsible for clinically significant infection of silicone stents in the lacrimal system in South Florida. Robust biofilm production by this organism likely plays a role in pathogenesis. Further research into biofilm-related lacrimal implant infection may aid in the development of useful prevention and treatment strategies.
Simultaneous Versus Staged Balanced Decompression for Thyroid-Related Compressive Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Wu Chris Y. , Stacey Andrew W. , Kahana Alon 
Published: November 2015

Purpose:
To compare the visual and exophthalmometry outcomes of simultaneous versus staged balanced decompression in patients with thyroid-related compressive optic neuropathy (CON).

Methods:
All consecutive patients who underwent simultaneous or staged balanced decompressions for clinically diagnosed thyroid-related CON performed by 4 surgeons at the Kellogg Eye Center of the University of Michigan between 1999 and 2014 were included in the study. Demographic, medical, and surgical covariates were collected. Orbits were stratified by decompression technique. Primary outcomes were improvement in CON score (which quantifies visual dysfunction using logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution, color vision, and Humphrey visual field mean deviation), and improvement in proptosis. The authors performed univariate and descriptive statistics to identify baseline differences and covariates associated with the outcomes of interest; multivariate mixed linear regression models (to adjust for interorbit correlation) were then constructed with inclusion of potential confounders with p value ≤0.1.

Results:
In total, 80 orbits of 53 patients were included in the study. Of the 80 orbits, 61% underwent simultaneous balanced decompression, and 39% underwent staged balanced decompression. Mean CON score reduction was 6.12 ± 9.7 and mean proptosis reduction was 5.63 ± 2.6 mm. Staged balanced decompression was significantly associated with greater CON score reduction (p = 0.038). However, staged (vs. simultaneous) decompression technique did not remain an independent predictor (p = 0.950) after multivariate analysis adjusted for confounders. For proptosis reduction, there were no statistically significant differences between simultaneous and staged balanced decompression on univariate (p = 0.122) or multivariate mixed linear regression models (p = 0.812).

Conclusion:
Simultaneous and staged balanced decompression are equally efficacious in treating visual dysfunction and exophthalmos due to thyroid eye disease in patients with clinically diagnosed CON. Patient choice should be the primary consideration and care should be individualized. Further studies validating the CON score used in the study and comparative studies individualizing surgical treatment of thyroid eye disease are warranted.
Adverse Events Following Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in Children
Authors: Kramer Robert E. , Narkewicz Michael R. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTObjective:To conduct a comprehensive study of postendoscopic adverse events (AEs) in children, categorizing them by the level of intervention required.Background:Previous studies of endoscopic AE in children have focused on intraprocedural and short‐term outcomes, such as bleeding, perforation, and infection, and may underestimate the incidence of AEs.Design:Prospective observational study tracking AEs in pediatric patients within 72 hours of an endoscopic procedure.Setting:Single‐center study performed at an academic, tertiary care, free‐standing children's hospital over a 48‐month period, from July 2010 through June 2014.Patients and Interventions:Of 9577 pediatric endoscopic procedures, cases identified as having an AE during or following endoscopy were subject to additional chart review for abstraction of relevant data.Main Outcome Measurements:Type, severity, and subsequent interventions of AEs were the primary outcome measures. Events were categorized by severity grade, with grade 1, no intervention; grade 2, outpatient evaluation; grade 3, hospitalization or repeat endoscopy; grade 4, surgery or intensive care unit admission; and grade 5, death.Results:In total, 249 endoscopic AEs were recognized of 9577 procedures performed, yielding a rate of 2.6%. Of these, 160 were identified to result in medical evaluation and costs (≥grade 2) for a rate of 1.7%. Rates of endoscopic AE after advanced or interventional endoscopic procedures were higher, with 65 of 1167 events, resulting in a total AE rate of 5.6% and a rate of 4.4% for AE ≥ grade 2. There were 10 cases of significant bleeding (0.1%), 9 cases of infection (0.09%), and 12 cases of perforation (0.13%), primarily occurring with advanced/interventional procedures.Limitations:Single‐center study, lack of standardized criteria for ED referral.Conclusions:AEs presenting within 72 hours of endoscopy and resulting in medical intervention, occur more commonly than previously recognized in children. Standardized postendoscopy surveillance systems and definitions of AEs are needed.
ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Acute Pelvic Pain in the Reproductive Age Group
Authors: Bhosale Priyadarshani R. , Javitt Marcia C. , Atri Mostafa , Harris Robert D. , Kang Stella K. , Meyer Benjamin J. , Pandharipande Pari V. , Reinhold Caroline , Salazar Gloria M. , Shipp Thomas D. , Simpson Lynn , Sussman Betsy L. , Uyeda Jennifer , Wall Darci J. , Zelop Carolyn M. , Glanc Phyllis 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Acute pelvic pain in premenopausal women frequently poses a diagnostic dilemma. These patients may exhibit nonspecific signs and symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and leukocytosis. The cause of pelvic pain includes a myriad of diagnostic possibilities such as obstetric, gynecologic, urologic, gastrointestinal, and vascular etiologies. The choice of the imaging modality is usually determined by a suspected clinical differential diagnosis. Thus the patient should undergo careful evaluation and the suspected differential diagnosis should be narrowed before an optimal imaging modality is chosen. Transvaginal and transabdominal pelvic sonography is the modality of choice, to assess for pelvic pain, when an obstetric or gynecologic etiology is suspected and computed tomography is often more useful when gastrointestinal or genitourinary pathology is thought to be more likely. Magnetic resonance imaging, when available in the acute setting, is favored over computed tomography for assessing pregnant patients for nongynecologic etiologies owing to its lack of ionizing radiation.
The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria® are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed every three years by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and review include an extensive analysis of current medical literature from peer reviewed journals and the application of a well-established consensus methodology (modified Delphi) to rate the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures by the panel. In those instances where evidence is lacking or not definitive, expert opinion may be used to recommend imaging or treatment.
From raw reads to trees: Whole genome SNP phylogenetics across the tree of life
Authors: Ahmed Sanaa A. , Lo Chien-Chi , Li Po-E , Davenport Karen W. , Chain Patrick S. G. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTNext-generation sequencing is increasingly being used to examine closely related organisms. However, while genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) provide an excellent resource for phylogenetic reconstruction, to date evolutionary analyses have been performed using different ad hoc methods that are not often widely applicable across different projects. To facilitate the construction of robust phylogenies, we have developed a method for genome-wide identification/characterization of SNPs from sequencing reads and genome assemblies. Our phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary (PhaME) analysis software is unique in its ability to take reads and draft/complete genome(s) as input, derive core genome alignments, identify SNPs, construct phylogenies and perform evolutionary analyses. Several examples using genomes and read datasets for bacterial, eukaryotic and viral linages demonstrate the broad and robust functionality of PhaME. Furthermore, the ability to incorporate raw metagenomic reads from clinical samples with suspected infectious agents shows promise for the rapid phylogenetic characterization of pathogens within complex samples.
Consumers interpreting sustainability: moving beyond food to fashion
Authors: Ritch Elaine L 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore consumer perceptions and understanding of sustainable concepts within the context of fashion consumption.

Design/methodology/approach
– Phenomenological interviews provided a platform to explore fashion sustainability and garment labels from current UK high street fashion retailers were used to stimulate discussion.

Findings
– The findings identify confusion of how sustainability applies to fashion, particularly for environmental issues and there was scepticism regarding higher pricing for organic cotton. However, motivation to avoid fashion produced under exploitation resulted in avoiding retailers alleged of such practice, paying more for garments and purchasing from established UK retailers.

Research limitations/implications
– The idiographic nature of a phenomenological approach may be considered as a limitation, yet this in-depth exploration of participants with similar socio-demographics enables a rich understanding of the discourse experienced within their lifeworlds.

Practical implications
– The findings illustrate that consumers are transferring sustainable principles from one context to another, and that by addressing sustainability, fashion retailers could obtain a competitive advantage.

Social implications
– The findings demonstrate consumers’ increased involvement with sustainability and the role expected from fashion retailers.

Originality/value
– The research uniquely positions consumers’ reliance on heuristics to guide sustainable preferences, due to the lack of information and this implies that sustainable concepts are increasingly incorporated into everyday behaviours.