bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Democratic Dangers Beyond Borders
Authors: Maier Charles S. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDemocratization can advance “beyond borders” as an international trend, but it can also falter and decay on as a transnational phenomenon. This article examines the forces that seem to be weakening democracy on a global level, including populism, the rise of authoritarian leadership, and growing xenophobia. It compares current discontents with the advent of dictatorships in the 1930s and focuses in particular on the growing inability of postwar political parties to provide coherent governance since the 1970s. Borrowing a suggestion from Albert Hirschman's Shifting Involvements, it tentatively suggests that following a long era of strenuous political engagement in the twentieth century, an institutional anomie has set in, such that political acitivity — not as confrontation, but as institutional commitment — has decisively eroded in Western societies.
Loss of SIRT2 leads to axonal degeneration and locomotor disability associated with redox and energy imbalance
Authors: Fourcade Stéphane , Morató Laia , Parameswaran Janani , Ruiz Montserrat , Ruiz‐Cortés Tatiana , Jové Mariona , Naudí Alba , Martínez‐Redondo Paloma , Dierssen Mara , Ferrer Isidre , Villarroya Francesc , Pamplona Reinald , Vaquero Alejandro , Portero‐Otín Manel , Pujol Aurora 
Published: October 2017

SummarySirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is a member of a family of NAD+‐dependent histone deacetylases (HDAC) that play diverse roles in cellular metabolism and especially for aging process. SIRT2 is located in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria, is highly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), and has been reported to regulate a variety of processes including oxidative stress, genome integrity, and myelination. However, little is known about the role of SIRT2 in the nervous system specifically during aging. Here, we show that middle‐aged, 13‐month‐old mice lacking SIRT2 exhibit locomotor dysfunction due to axonal degeneration, which was not present in young SIRT2 mice. In addition, these Sirt2−/− mice exhibit mitochondrial depletion resulting in energy failure, and redox dyshomeostasis. Our results provide a novel link between SIRT2 and physiological aging impacting the axonal compartment of the central nervous system, while supporting a major role for SIRT2 in orchestrating its metabolic regulation. This underscores the value of SIRT2 as a therapeutic target in the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases that undergo with axonal degeneration associated with redox and energetic dyshomeostasis.
Mediterranean Movements and Constituent Political Spaces: An Interview with Sandro Mezzadra and Toni Negri
Authors: Garelli Glenda , Sciurba Alessandra , Tazzioli Martina 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThese conversations between Toni Negri and Sandro Mezzadra (November 2014–October 2015) focus on the politics of Mediterranean boundaries and situate migratory movements across the Mediterranean in the geopolitical context of the Eastern and Southern shore. Looking at the proliferation of wars around the Mediterranean region and reflecting on the legacy of the Arab Uprisings, Mezzadra and Negri revisit the concept of the “autonomy of migration” and critically interrogate its possible contribution to the field of migration and in terms of the current refugee crisis.
Space, Social Relations, and Contestation: Transformative Peacebuilding and World Social Forum Climate Spaces
Authors: Buckley Karen 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe 2013 and 2015 World Social Forums in Tunis, Tunisia hosted thematic “climate spaces” for the first time. This article examines the extent to which these spaces are constitutive of a form of “transformative peacebuilding” aiming to transform social relations and eliminate the structural violence of the world capitalist economy. Both the theoretical and practical activities of civil society at the climate spaces are shown to be transformative but only to the extent that they contest broad processes of trasformismo which transcend differences and obscure the lived realities of governance and resistance. In this sense, civil society groups and movements at the climate spaces are shown to engage with global capitalism to potentially produce new global understanding and action. This generates new understandings of civil society as constitutive of directly resistant modes of social relation that push for radically different visions of climate justice and governance.
Socioemotional developmental surveillance in young children: monitoring and screening best identify young children that require mental health treatment
Authors: Barger Brian , Rice Catherine , Roach Andrew 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundWidely recommended socioemotional developmental surveillance methods include monitoring and development screening techniques. Currently, very little research has compared the effectiveness of monitoring and screening together, and existing research primarily focuses on the relationship between surveillance techniques and referrals or receipt of early intervention (EI). This study investigates the relationship between monitoring and screening and mental health treatment receipt in 3–5 year olds.MethodsThe authors conducted logistic regression analyses on data from the National Surveys of Children's Health (NSCH; 2007) and NSCH (2011/2012) on the odds of mental health treatment receipt in children aged 3–5 years of age who either received (a) screening only, (b) monitoring only, (c) both monitoring and screening, or (d) no monitoring or screening. Sociodemographic control variables were also considered.ResultsIn both 2007 and 2011/2012 datasets, monitoring and screening together was the best predictor of mental health treatment receipt. Neither screening alone nor monitoring alone was associated with mental health treatment receipt.ConclusionsChildren who received monitoring and screening together had the greatest odds of treatment receipt compared with children receiving screening only, monitoring only, or no monitoring or screening.
Truly selective primary IgM deficiency is probably very rare
Authors: Janssen L M A , Macken T , Creemers M C W , Pruijt J F M , Eijk J J J , de Vries E 
Published: October 2017

SummaryIsolated decreased serum-immunoglobulin (Ig)M has been associated with severe and/or recurrent infections, atopy and autoimmunity. However, the reported high prevalence of clinical problems in IgM-deficient patients may reflect the skewed tertiary centre population studied so far. Also, many papers on IgM deficiency have included patients with more abnormalities than simply IgM-deficiency. We studied truly selective primary IgM deficiency according to the diagnostic criteria of the European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) (true sIgMdef) by reviewing the literature (261 patients with primary decreased serum-IgM in 46 papers) and analysing retrospectively all patients with decreased serum-IgM in a large teaching hospital in 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands [1 July 2005–23 March 2016; n = 8049 IgM &lt; 0·4 g/l; n = 2064 solitary (IgG+IgA normal/IgM &lt; age-matched reference)]. A total of 359 of 2064 (17%) cases from our cohort had primary isolated decreased serum-IgM, proven persistent in 45 of 359 (13%) cases; their medical charts were reviewed. Our main finding is that true sIgMdef is probably very rare. Only six of 261 (2%) literature cases and three of 45 (7%) cases from our cohort fulfilled the ESID criteria completely; 63 of 261 (24%) literature cases also had other immunological abnormalities and fulfilled the criteria for unclassified antibody deficiencies (unPAD) instead. The diagnosis was often uncertain (possible sIgMdef): data on IgG subclasses and/or vaccination responses were lacking in 192 of 261 (74%) literature cases and 42 of 45 (93%) cases from our cohort. Our results also illustrate the clinical challenge of determining the relevance of a serum sample with decreased IgM; a larger cohort of true sIgMdef patients is needed to explore fully its clinical consequences. The ESID online Registry would be a useful tool for this.
Combined phylogenetic analysis of the subclass Marchantiidae (Marchantiophyta): towards a robustly diagnosed classification
Authors: Flores Jorge R. , Catalano Santiago A. , Muñoz Jesus , Suárez Guillermo M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe most extensive combined phylogenetic analyses of the subclass Marchantiidae yet undertaken was conducted on the basis of morphological and molecular data. The morphological data comprised 126 characters and 56 species. Taxonomic sampling included 35 ingroup species with all genera and orders of Marchantiidae sampled, and 21 outgroup species with two genera of Blasiidae (Marchantiopsida), 15 species of Jungermanniopsida (the three subclasses represented) and the three genera of Haplomitriopsida. Takakia ceratophylla (Bryophyta) was employed to root the trees. Character sampling involved 92 gametophytic and 34 sporophytic traits, supplemented with ten continuous characters. Molecular data included 11 molecular markers: one nuclear ribosomal (26S), three mitochondrial genes (nad1, nad5, rps3) and seven chloroplast regions (atpB, psbT‐psbH, rbcL, ITS, rpoC1, rps4, psbA). Searches were performed under extended implied weighting, weighting the character blocks against the average homoplasy. Clade stability was assessed across three additional weighting schemes (implied weighting corrected for missing entries, standard implied weighting and equal weighting) in three datasets (molecular, morphological and combined). The contribution from different biological phases regarding node recovery and diagnosis was evaluated. Our results agree with many of the previous studies but cast doubt on some relationships, mainly at the family and interfamily level. The combined analyses underlined the fact that, by combining data, taxonomic enhancements could be achieved regarding taxon delimitation and quality of diagnosis. Support values for many clades of previous molecular studies were improved by the addition of morphological data. The long‐held assumption that morphology may render spurious or low‐quality results in this taxonomic group is challenged. The morphological trends previously proposed are re‐evaluated in light of the new phylogenetic scheme.
Development of the Hand Assessment for Infants: evidence of internal scale validity
Authors: Krumlinde‐Sundholm Lena , Ek Linda , Sicola Elisa , Sjöstrand Lena , Guzzetta Andrea , Sgandurra Giuseppina , Cioni Giovanni , Eliasson Ann‐Christin 
Published: October 2017

AimThe aim of this study was to develop a descriptive and evaluative assessment of upper limb function for infants aged 3 to 12 months and to investigate its internal scale validity for use with infants at risk of unilateral cerebral palsy.MethodThe concepts of the test items and scoring criteria were developed. Internal scale validity and aspects of reliability were investigated on the basis of 156 assessments of infants at 3 to 12 months corrected age (mean 7.2mo, SD 2.5) with signs of asymmetric hand use. Rasch measurement model analysis and non‐parametric statistics were used.ResultsThe new test, the Hand Assessment for Infants (HAI), consists of 12 unimanual and five bimanual items, each scored on a 3‐point rating scale. It demonstrated a unidimensional construct and good fit to the Rasch model requirements. The excellent person reliability enabled person separation to six significant ability strata. The HAI produced an interval‐level measure of bilateral hand use as well as unimanual scores of each hand, allowing a quantification of possible asymmetry expressed as an asymmetry index.InterpretationThe HAI can be considered a valid assessment tool for measuring bilateral hand use and quantifying side difference between hands among infants at risk of developing unilateral cerebral palsy.What this paper adds

The Hand Assessment for Infants (HAI) measures the use of both hands and quantifies a possible asymmetry of hand use.

HAI is valid for infants at 3 to 12 months corrected age at risk of unilateral cerebral palsy.
Reform, informal sector, and extortion
Authors: Mandal Biswajit , Marjit Sugata , Beladi Hamid 
Published: October 2017

AbstractInformal economy involving unrecorded, unregistered, extra‐legal activities employs majority of the work force in the developing world. Such extra‐legal existence of informal production is facilitated through extortion by agents of political forces in power. Also, extortion activities themselves constitute an informal segment. Full‐scale general equilibrium consequences of such institutions are rarely discussed in the literature. We develop a well‐specified general equilibrium model to explore the possible consequences of reform. Economic reform may have an expansionary effect on the number of extortionists. Depending on capital mobility and factor intensity assumptions informal output and informal wage may increase.
The influence of environmental factors on the upstream movements of rheophilic cyprinids according to their position in a river basin
Authors: Benitez Jean‐Philippe , Ovidio Michaël 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThroughout their lives, fish accomplish frequent movements between functional habitats that are often triggered by environmental signals. We aimed to determine if rheophilic cyprinids (barbel,Barbus barbusand chubSqualius cephalus), living in different places of the same river basin, may develop similar movement periodicities and react identically to environmental cues to carry out their spawning migration. We used the capture data of three modern fish passes that were monitored continuously during three consecutive years (2010 to 2012) in three rivers of the Meuse basin in Belgium. We captured 418 individuals at adult stage, and the capture number per species was greater (80%) in spring (during the spawning migration period). The spawning migration of the barbel occurred earlier (median = 122nd day of the year) and at lower temperatures (median = 14.5°C) in the lowland rivers compared to the upland river (140th day of the year and 18.4°C). For the barbel, migration initiation differed depending on the river but finished under similar environmental conditions. In contrast, for the chub, no significant difference between rivers was observed regarding spawning migration periodicity and environmental cues. Within the same river basin, rheophilic cyprinids demonstrate flexibility in their responses to environmental variables and may optimise the start date of migration to spawning grounds depending on their local environment and individual experiences. This phenomenon was more pronounced in the barbel, which has more specific ecological requirements.
Effects of di‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate on microbial biomass carbon and microbial community structural diversity in a Mollisol
Authors: Wang L. , Wang L. H. , Chang Q. , Dong J. W. , Sun R. X. , Yang S. S. , Fu J. W. , Feng C. C. , Yang L. L. , Zhang Y. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryOne of the most common persistent organic pollutants is di‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), which has caused considerable pollution in the Mollisols of agricultural areas in northeast China. This research investigates the effects of different concentrations of DEHP from 0 to 35 days on microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and structural diversity in the microbial community of Mollisols. The results indicated that contamination by DEHP of more than 20 mg kg−1 could clearly affect MBC and structural diversity of the microbial community of a Mollisol in a short time depending on the dose of DEHP. At concentrations of DEHP >20 mg kg−1, we observed that the larger was the concentration of DEHP, the greater was the effect on the MBC and diversity of the soil microbial community. The DEHP concentration or incubation time had negative correlations with MBC, and the evenness (EH), Shannon (H) and richness (S) indices of the microbial community, and the DEHP concentration had a dominant effect on microbial properties. The dominant bacterium in the DEHP‐contaminated soil was Bacillus. Furthermore, bacterial community structure changed under different amounts of DEHP stress and with the increase in incubation time; Pseudomonas and Sphingopyxis clearly increased in number with large concentrations of DEHP. The change in the microbial population indicated that these two bacteria might have a strong resistance to change under the microbial DEHP stress.Highlights

DEHP significantly changed MBC and microbial diversity of a Mollisol.
The change in MBC was related to the composition of the soil microbial community structure.
DEHP had a persistent effect on the microbial community in a Mollisol.
Bacillus were the dominant bacteria in the DEHP‐contaminated soil.
Financial Issues in Strong African American Marriages: A Strengths‐Based Qualitative Approach
Authors: Dew Jeffrey P. , Anderson Bonnie L. , Skogrand Linda , Chaney Cassandra 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveWe examined the role financial issues played in African Americans' marriages using a strengths‐based perspective.BackgroundFew studies have examined the importance of finances in African Americans' marriages. Those that have done so have mostly focused on money as a stressful contextual problem. Allowing African American couples to describe their own marital experiences expands our understanding regarding the interface of finances and relationships.MethodUsing qualitative data from 37 African American couples (N = 74 individuals) who felt they had strong marriages, we took a phenomenological approach to identify themes in the data.ResultsMany participants portrayed money as a stressor. Furthermore, participants discussed financial behaviors and attitudes that helped their marriages be strong. Finally, participants described transcending, or rising above, financial issues.ConclusionThe participants in this study, African Americans who felt they were in strong marriages, talked about the marital role of finances in multiple ways. It was clear that they actively strived to shape the way that financial issues influenced their marriages, whether through making decisions that would help them financially and relationally or by shifting their focus to more important matters like the well‐being of family members.ImplicationsThese findings offer researchers new ideas about the intersection of money, family, and race, and show diversity among African American couples. The findings may also help practitioners recognize both the circumstances by which finances are stressors in some African American marriages, and how some African American couples navigate financial challenges while maintaining strong relationships.
Family Stressors and Resources: Relationships with Depressive Symptoms in Military Couples During Pre‐Deployment
Authors: Collins Christina L. , Lee Kyung‐Hee , MacDermid Wadsworth Shelley M. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate family‐related stressors and resources associated with the depressive symptoms of military members and their spouses.BackgroundMost deployment‐related research has focused on deployment and reintegration, but there is a dearth of information about military families during the pre‐deployment phase. Family stress theory provided a valuable lens from which to view family‐related risk and protective factors associated with adaptation during times of stressful transition.MethodData were gathered using an online survey from 151 U.S. Army National Guard members and their spouses preparing for a scheduled deployment. Hierarchical regression was utilized to examine associations between the independent variables (e.g., stress pileup, informal and formal resources, deployment preparation) and participants' depressive symptoms.ResultsResults revealed that aspects of stress pileup were positively associated with depressive symptoms. Informal resources and deployment preparation, but not formal resources, had statistically significant negative associations with individuals' depressive symptoms. Findings were similar for military members and spouses.ConclusionResults indicated that logistical and instrumental preparation, in addition to informal resources such as effective family functioning and social support, are important for positive adaptation in times of stressful transition.ImplicationsFamily service professionals may want to assist families with identifying and strengthening their family support and improving family functioning, as well as guide families in a process of identifying the instrumental and logistical tasks that are necessary or helpful for an impending transition.
Learning Chinese Formulaic Expressions in a Scenario‐Based Interactive Environment
Authors: Taguchi Naoko , Li Qiong , Tang Xiaofei 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis study examined the effectiveness and usability of a scenario‐based interactive practice in teaching Chinese formulaic expressions. Thirty students enrolled in Chinese classes in a U.S. university interacted with characters in videos featuring scenes recorded in Shanghai. Students were prompted to use formulaic expressions during their text‐based interactions with built‐in characters. Several game‐like features were incorporated into the practice (e.g., a plot and settings, character selections, and point systems). Pre‐, post‐, and delayed posttest results showed that students made significant gains in their knowledge of formulaic expressions after the practice, and their knowledge was maintained 2 weeks later. Interviews with individual students revealed some features that motivated them with the practice (e.g., videorecordings of authentic situations, interactions with the characters). However, some students did not perceive the practice as a game‐like experience because of the linear, structured nature of the practice and limited decision‐making power, leaving room for design improvement in the future.
The prospects of terrace agriculture as an adaptation to climate change in Latin America
Authors: Bocco Gerardo , Napoletano Brian M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis paper analyzes slope management through terrace agriculture in Latin America's hilly to mountainous terrain to assess the practice's potential role in climate‐change adaptation in the region. We review the historical geography of slope management in variable climates and highlight the role of social, rural innovation, and hybrid knowledge in the face of climate change's effects on agriculture. Although the literature on terrace agriculture in the region is extensive, further research is needed to better foresee the future of terrace agriculture, particularly in terms of its role in facing sustainability challenges posed by future climate change.