bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rationale and protocol of the LEAD 2.0 study: A randomized controlled trial assessing the feasibility of a virtually-delivered 6-month exercise and nutrition intervention in older adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD)
Authors: Neudorf Bobby , Koblinsky Noah , Power Krista , Binns Malcom , Fiocco Alexandra J. , Rotenberg Shlomit , Marzolini Susan , Oh Paul , Thornton Jane , Ajwani Fatim , Sullivan Kylie , Chevalier Stéphanie , Russell Caryl , Ferland Guylaine , Anderson Nicole D. , Middleton Laura E. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
With growing prevalence of dementia worldwide, dementia risk reduction is a key interest of the World Health Organization’s Global Dementia Action Plan. Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is a prominent predictor of future dementia diagnosis. Therefore, people with SCD are an important group for dementia prevention intervention. Exercise and healthy diet are associated with a 30–60% decrease in dementia risk in longitudinal studies. Technological advances yield the potential of trials that deliver lifestyle interventions virtually, reaching people in a wide geographical spread. However, the feasibility of large-scale virtual trials still needs to be established.
Objective
This trial aims to examine the feasibility of a factorial randomized controlled trial exploring a 6-month virtual, exercise and healthy diet intervention.
Methods
We will recruit 140 older adults (65 + years) with SCD, who will receive a combination of: Aerobic and Resistance Exercise (EX) or Stretching and Toning (STRETCH) and either Diet Counselling (DIET) or Brain Health Education (ED);. Participants will be randomized to four weekly hours of one of four intervention arms: (1) EX and DIET; 2) EX and ED; 3) STRETCH and DIET; or 4) STRETCH and ED. EX will include moderate intensity aerobic and resistance training. DIET will instruct participants in brain healthy food choices. Assessments will be performed virtually at baseline, 6 months (post-intervention), and 12 months. Feasibility will be measured by recruitment rate, adherence, and retention.
Discussion
Established feasibility will set the stage for a definitive trial. Feasibility results will also inform future virtual programs/services. In the long-term, if the interventions are feasible and beneficial, this intervention model could scale up and spread quickly to reach at-risk individuals for the purpose of dementia risk reduction.
Trial registration:
The Lifestyle, Exercise, and Diet (LEAD 2.0) study is registered with the US National Institutes of Health clinical trials registry (ClinicalTrial.gov identifier NCT06078748). This report complies with the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) statement.
The NMDA receptor subunit GluN2D is a target for rapid antidepressant action
Authors: Normann Claus , Vestring Stefan , Veleanu Maxime , Perez Marina Conde , Bronnec Martin , Li Anna , Würz Lovis , Erdogdu Fatih , Stocker Julia , Moos Johanna , Weigel David , Theiß Alice , Wendler Elisabeth , Borger Lotta , Voita Sabine , Heynicke Franziska , Brandl Jakob , Hummel Fabian , Vivet Clotilde , Jocher Dorothea , Loewe Pauline , Barmann Simon , Smoltczyk Lea , Zimmermann Stella , Prabhakaran Prejwal , Sarrazin David , Suarez-Marchi Guillermo Jose , Bernhardt Judith , Lokaj Granita , du Vinage Catherine , Grießbach Elisa , Lais Julia , Gensch Nicole , Günther Stefan , Moumbock Aurélien , Domschke Katharina , Serchov Tsvetan , Bischofberger Josef 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Ketamine is the first glutamatergic agent in clinical use for major depression. The underlying mechanism and primary target of ketamine are unknown; further research is urgently needed to develop more specific interventions with fewer side effects and better treatment outcomes for severely affected patients. Ketamine is a noncompetitive antagonist of the glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, a heterotetramer composed of two GluN1 and two GluN2 subunits. Here, we show that ketamine preferentially targets GluN2D-containing NMDA receptors on interneurons, and that selective GluN2D antagonism alone is sufficient to produce rapid antidepressant effects. We used ketamine, selective GluN2D inhibitors, GRIN2D-siRNA and chemogenetic approaches in hippocampal brain slices and in vivo in mice. We found that GluN2D antagonism inhibited NMDAR currents in interneurons but not in pyramidal cells. GluN2D-mediated recruitment of GABAergic interneurons powerfully controls feedback and feed-forward inhibitory circuits to moderate hippocampal network activity and synaptic plasticity. In a mouse model of depression, GluN2D inhibition recovered synaptic excitation-inhibition balance, reversed long-term potentiation deficits and restored synaptic and AMPAR density toward a naïve state. GluN2D antagonism could fully mimic the cellular and behavioral antidepressant actions of ketamine with fewer side effects in terms of motor coordination and anxiety. These findings identify novel and a highly specific target for drug treatment of major depression.
Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of Version 8 of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) In Detecting Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia among Older People in Tanzania, A Methodological study/Diagnostic accuracy comparative study
Authors: Nyika Recton G , Masika Golden M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The early detection of cognitive deficits in older individuals in Tanzania, particularly those in urban areas with higher levels of education, requires the use of standardized and internationally recognized assessment tools. MoCA version 8, which assesses eight cognitive domains, has been modified to enhance scoring precision and includes instructions on calculating the memory index score (MIS). Additionally, the verbal fluency and abstraction tasks have been revised to facilitate the design of targeted interventions. This study aims to culturally adapt MoCA 8 into Swahili and evaluate its validity, reliability, and diagnostic accuracy for assessing cognitive function in older Tanzanians.
Method/design
In this methodological study, 240 older individuals (aged ≥50 years) will be recruited from ten randomly chosen villages in both rural and urban areas of the Dodoma region. The MoCA version 8 will serve as the primary screening test, while the MoCA-5minutes protocol will be used as the reference standard screening test. The diagnostic accuracy (power) of the MoCA version 8 will be assessed by comparing its scores with the diagnosis made by a Neurologist using DSM-5 criteria. Data collection will commence after obtaining informed consent to confirm participants' eligibility for the study. The main areas of interest include the Swahili version, validity, reliability, and diagnostic accuracy of MoCA version 8.
The Validity, Reliability, Sensitivity, Specificity, Predictive (positive and negative) values will also be reported.
Discussion
The results of this study will determine whether MoCA 8 is a valid, reliable and accurate screening tool in detecting cognitive function of older people in Tanzania, this will serve as a study to inform the literature and to indicate the manner in which early detection of cognitive impairment will inform early intervention to improve cognitive function.
Comparison of outcomes of gamma knife radiosurgery for secondary and de novo grade 2 meningiomas: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Song Dili , Hu Guangxin , Shen Liping , Yu Jinxiu , Fu Jiaming , Wang Zijing , Chen Lin , Liu Xinwu , Zhou Xiaomin , Cai Yongguang , Fu Junyi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes between secondary and de novo grade 2 meningiomas undergoing Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS).
Methods
Eighteen patients, including secondary grade 2 meningioma group (n = 6) and de novo grade 2 meningioma group (n = 12), treated with GKRS were enrolled in this single-center retrospective study.
Results
The median tumor volume was 23.4 (range, 5.5–104.0) ml and 9.4 (range, 0.4–24.9) ml in secondary and de novo grade 2 meningioma group respectively (p = 0.061). Ten patients (55.6%) experienced radiological progression with a median follow-up time of 35.7 (range, 9.4-138.2) months. The median time to radiological progression was 34.5 (range, 14.5–97.7) months. The radiological progression-free survival (PFS) was 74%, 55%, and 15% at 2, 3 and 5 years respectively. The radiological PFS at 2 and 3 years was 60% and 20%, 82% and 82% in secondary and de novo grade 2 group respectively. Secondary grade 2 meningiomas were significantly related with poorer radiological PFS in univariate analysis (p = 0.021). Nine patients (50%) occurred clinical progression in the study, including headache (n = 7), cranial nerve dysfunction (n = 5), seizure (n = 1) and extremity weakness (n = 1). Secondary grade 2 meningiomas were significantly related with clinical progression in univariate analysis (p = 0.045).
Conclusions
Secondary grade 2 meningiomas had a shorter radiological and clinical PFS after GKRS than de novo grade 2 meningiomas. Secondary grade 2 meningiomas were an independent risk factor for poor prognosis after GKRS.
Effects of transcranial photobiomodulation on peripheral biomarkers associated with oxidative stress and complex IV activity in the prefrontal cortex in rats subjected to chronic mild stress
Authors: Bortoluzzi Luciana , Colombo Rafael , Pinto Karoline Borges Motta , Viscardi Lucas Henriques , Missiaggia Ricardo , Turella Douglas Jean , Schwantess Lisandra , Salvador Mirian , Branco Catia Santos , Rigotti Marina , Scotton Ellen , Schons Tainá , Ribeiro Silene Bazi , Caldieraro Marco Antonio , Rosa Adriane Ribeiro 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This study addresses the need for effective alternatives to treat major depressive disorder (MDD) in patients who do not respond to conventional therapies. Transcranial photobiomodulation therapy (tPBM) shows promise by enhancing mitochondrial function and reducing oxidative stress, as demonstrated in the chronic mild stress (CMS) rat model. This study aimed to analyze the impact of tPBM with two wavelengths (red and infrared) on behavioral and biological parameters related to MDD in a CMS model. Male rats were subjected to CMS for five weeks and categorized into resilient and susceptible groups using the sucrose consumption test. The CMS-S group received tPBM treatment (600nm and 840nm) for five weeks. Biological measures included lipid damage (TBARS), antioxidant defense (TEAC), mitochondrial complex IV activity (CCO), and nitric oxide (NO) concentration in the prefrontal cortex and blood. Post-tPBM treatment (both red and infrared groups) exhibited increased sucrose consumption compared to the sham (Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared=26.131; p<0.001). Both groups presented higher serum TEAC levels than the sham and control groups, although these effects were not statistically significant (p=0.306). The red group showed lower peripheral TBARS levels (M=9.50, SD=2.87) than the sham group (M=13.66, SD=2.20, p=0.0048). The infrared group showed higher NO levels in the hippocampus than the sham group (Mean=107.83, SD=6.48, Dunn-Test p=0.0134) and higher prefrontal CCO activity levels than the red group (p=0.012). This study demonstrated that tPBM using both wavelengths significantly improved behavioral and biological parameters in the CMS rat model, suggesting potential therapeutic benefits for MDD by ameliorating oxidative stress and enhancing mitochondrial function.
Impact of Stem Collar-Calcar Gap Distance on Postoperative Bone Remodeling in Fully Hydroxyapatite-coated Stem
Authors: Ohashi Yoshihisa , Fukushima Kensuke , Osaki Yuto , Tsuchiya Maho , Saito Hiroki , Uchida Kentaro , Uchiyama Katsufumi , Takahira Naonobu , Takaso Masashi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The collar of a cementless stem in total hip arthroplasty (THA) improves fixation and stability by connecting with the femoral calcar. Proper attachment is essential for reducing micromotion and preventing periprosthetic fractures of the femur. However, gaps between the femoral calcar and stem collar can occur during surgery, and it is unclear what degree of gap can be tolerated. This study evaluated 156 patients who received primary THA with the CORAIL stem. Medial and lateral gap distance were measured by frontal X-ray of the hip joint at 1 week and 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after THA. Clinical outcomes were assessed using Japanese Orthopaedic Association hip scores, and radiographic assessments included femoral morphology and stem alignment. Gaps were initially observed in 55 patients, with 42 showing complete gap disappearance within 36 months. On logistic regression analysis, lateral gap distance was shown to significantly influence gap disappearance, with an optimal cut-off of 5.5 mm by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. A smaller lateral gap was correlated with quicker closure. When the gap between the collar and femoral calcar is within 5.5 mm, gap disappearance can be expected due to postoperative bone remodeling.
Preeclampsia prediction with maternal and paternal polygenic risk scores: the TMM BirThree Cohort Study
Authors: OHSETO Hisashi , ISHIKURO Mami , OBARA Taku , NARITA Akira , TAKAHASHI Ippei , SHINODA Genki , NODA Aoi , MURAKAMI Keiko , ORUI Masatsugu , IWAMA Noriyuki , KIKUYA Masahiro , METOKI Hirohito , SUGAWARA Junichi , TAMIYA Gen , KURIYAMA Shinichi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Genomic information from pregnant women and the paternal parent of their fetuses may provide effective biomarkers for preeclampsia (PE). This study investigated the association of parental polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for blood pressure (BP) and PE with PE onset and evaluated predictive performances of PRSs using clinical predictive variables. In the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study, 19,836 participants were genotyped using either Affymetrix Axiom Japonica Array v2 (further divided into two cohorts—the PRS training cohort and the internal-validation cohort—at a ratio of 1:2) or Japonica Array NEO (external-validation cohort). PRSs were calculated for systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and PE and hyperparameters for PRS calculation were optimized in the training cohort. PE onset was markedly associated with maternal SBP-, DBP-, and PE-PRSs in internal- and external-validation cohorts and with paternal SBP- and DBP-PRSs only in the external-validation cohort. Maternal DBP-PRS calculated using “LDpred2” presented the most improvement in prediction models and provided additional predictive information on clinical predictive variables. Paternal DBP-PRS improved prediction models in the internal-validation cohort. In conclusion, Parental PRS, along with clinical predictive variables, is potentially useful for predicting PE.
Prognosis and outcome of renal tuberculosis after nephrectomy
Authors: Wang Shun , Tian Yuan , Wang Qing , Jiang Kehua , Sun Fa , Li Tao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Researches has proved that nephrectomy combine with anti-tuberculosis therapy were effective methods for renal tuberculosis, but whether it could also reduce the complications after one year later or longer has never been reported.
Methods
The clinical data, anti-tuberculosis strategy and the occurrence and management of renal tuberculosis related long-term complications (including bladder contracture, contralateral hydronephrosis, lower urinary tract symptoms [LUTS] and tuberculosis recurrence) were reviewed and analyzed. Meanwhile, the logistic regression analysis was used to explore the impactors of long-term complications.
Results
A total of 146 patients were successfully followed up. Among them, 3 cases developed bladder contracture after nephrectomy whose life quality was significantly improved after bladder augmentation. 9 patients showed contralateral hydronephrosis, with four cases were diagnosed preoperatively and five postoperatively. The preoperative symptoms of tuberculosis toxicity significantly increased the incidence of postoperative contralateral hydronephrosis. 17 patients suffered from severe LUTS, with 11 individuals occurred preoperatively and six developed postoperatively, and the elevated preoperative white blood cell counts and globulin level significantly influenced the new-onset LUTS risk. 2 patients experienced postoperative recurrence of pulmonary tuberculosis and cured by another regular anti tuberculosis treatment. 12 patients experienced postoperative flank pain, of which 7 cases were new-onset and five were pre-existing. The older age increased the risk of postoperative flank pain.
Conclusion
Preoperative symptoms of tuberculosis toxicity significantly increased the risk of the postoperative renal hydronephrosis, while elevated white blood cell counts and reduced globulin levels before surgery increased the risk of new-onset postoperative LUTS, and the older the patient, the higher the risk of postoperative flank pain.
Effect of lifestyle intervention on mobilization of fat storage pools in individuals with abdominal obesity: a prospective study
Authors: Liu Hong , Duan Junhong , Liu Yichen , Guan Gaopeng , Liu Jie , Liu Min , Jin Ping , Rong Pengfei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
The effect of lifestyle intervention on the reduction of fat in specific body areas for individuals with abdominal obesity has not been thoroughly studied. In this study, we evaluate if lifestyle intervention can uniquely influence various fat storage areas and to explore the relationships between fat loss in specific locations and health results.
Methods
In this prospective cohort study conducted at a single center, 39 individuals with abdominal obesity participated in a lifestyle intervention from October 18, 2022, to April 20, 2023. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure subcutaneous fat area (SFA), visceral fat area (VFA), and the proton density fat fraction (PDFF) of the liver and pancreas at the baseline and six months post-intervention. This study's protocol was documented on clinicaltrials.gov.
Results
Out of 39 individuals, the median age was 28.0 years with an interquartile range (IQR) of 22.0 to 37.5 years. The median body mass index (BMI) was 30.4 kg/m2, with an IQR of 28.5 to 33.2 kg/m2, and 41.0% of the participants were female. The median (IQR) reduction in hepatic PDFF was highest after lifestyle intervention at 46.5% (28.8%-68.4%), followed by pancreatic PDFF reduction at 24.9% (10.4%-45.0%), VFA reduction at 19.5% (7.2%-32.3%), and SFA reduction at 12.2% (6.7%-18.9%) (P < 0.001). Using the Pearson correlation coefficient, positive relationships were identified between variations in VFA and alterations in fasting glucose and HOMA-IR (r = 0.401, P = 0.01; r = 0.830, P < 0.001), as well as between changes in hepatic PDFF and HOMA-IR (r = 0.520, P < 0.001).
Conclusion
Lifestyle intervention primarily reduced liver fat, then pancreatic fat and visceral fat, while subcutaneous fat was the least affected in individuals with abdominal obesity. Decreases in VAT and liver fat are independently linked to the improvement of glucose metabolism following lifestyle intervention.
Flow Field Optimization for Inexpensive Optical Aerosol Particle Counting and Sizing
Authors: Loizides Charis , Skourides Christoforos , Bezantakos Spyros , Hadjigeorgiou Neoclis , Biskos George 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Optical Particle Sizers (OPSs) are widely used for measuring size distributions of particles larger than ca. 0.2 μm. To do so, they use mirrors or lenses to gather light scattered by particles passing through a focused beam, directing it to a photo-detector to produce electric pulses from individual scattering events. Considering their ability to provide near real-time measurements with minimal attendance and maintenance, and to expand the networks of Particulate Matter (PM) monitoring, several manufacturers have developed low-cost and compact OPS systems. Despite that low-cost OPSs are already available in the market and employed for monitoring PM concentrations, their reported values typically deviate from those of reference-grade instruments, warranting further efforts to improve their performance. In this work, we designed and built a custom-made and low-cost OPS optical system, and optimized its performance using a combination of computational and experimental methods. The performance of the optimized OPS is very similar to that of a reference instrument, exhibiting a counting efficiency of 50% for ca. 320-nm particles and a sizing resolution of below 15%, complying with the ISO 21501-4 standards.
Trajectories of change in mothers’ parenting confidence and relationship with baby: A 15-month qualitative longitudinal study
Authors: Perez Alejandra , Panagiotopoulou Elena , Vourda Maria Christina , Pereira Mariana , McCrory Eamon , Roberts Ruth 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Parents’ experiences and their relationship to their baby undergo various changes over the course of the first year. This is particularly the case for mothers, who still tend to take on the primary caregiver role in most families in the UK. Better understanding the changes mothers experience in the first year is of importance given the impact of the parent-infant relationship for children’s socio-emotional development.
Methods
This qualitative longitudinal study explored first-time mothers’ experience of parenting confidence and relationship with their baby from their third trimester of pregnancy to the end of their babies’ first year of life. This study also examined trajectories of relevant consistent parenting factors: perceived social support, relationship with partner, expectations, and coping mechanisms. Ten first-time expectant mothers were interviewed at four time periods (prenatal, 1-, 6-, and 12-months).
Results
The findings indicate that in this low-risk sample, most mothers’ parenting confidence improved with time, as did their relationship with their baby. However, most faced many changes in their experiences where, overall, the first six months after birth were the most challenging with many mothers feeling disconnected or having strong shifts in their views of relationship with their baby, feeling unsure about how to parent, having unmet prenatal expectations, and diminished partner support.
Conclusion
This study demonstrates the complexity of change at multiple levels, both within individuals and within the 15 months of transitioning to motherhood. Consideration of these changes can help inform maternity services and mental health and social care professionals working with expectant parents and those in early parenthood to improve parenting confidence and mother-infant relationships.