bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macrophage and adipocyte IGF1 maintain adipose tissue homeostasis during metabolic stresses
Authors: Chang Hye Rim , Kim Hae Jin , Xu Xiaoyuan , Ferrante Anthony W. 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveInsulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF1) regulates differentiation and growth of tissues and reduces stress and injury. IGF1 also in a tissue‐specific manner modulates the differentiation and lipid storage capacity of adipocytes in vitro, but its roles in adipose tissue development and response to stress are not known.MethodsTo study IGF1 in vivo, the cellular sources of adipose tissue Igf1 expression were identified and mice were generated with targeted deletion in adipocytes and macrophages. The effects of adipocyte and macrophage deficiency of IGF1 on adipose tissue development and the response to chronic (high‐fat feeding) and acute (cold challenge) stress were studied.ResultsThe expression of Igf1 by adipose tissue was derived from multiple cell types including adipocytes and macrophages. In lean animals, adipocytes were the primary source of IGF1, but in obesity expression by adipocytes was reduced and by macrophages increased, so as to maintain overall adipose tissue Igf1 expression. Genetic deletion studies revealed that adipocyte‐derived IGF1 regulated perigonadal but not subcutaneous adipose tissue mass during high‐fat feeding and the development of obesity. Conversely, macrophage‐derived IGF1 acutely modulated perigonadal adipose tissue mass during thermogenic challenges.ConclusionsLocal IGF1 is not required in lean adipose tissue development but is required to maintain homeostasis during both chronic and acute metabolic stresses.
Porcine CD38 exhibits prominent secondary NAD+ cyclase activity
Authors: Ting Kai Yiu , Leung Christina F. P. , Graeff Richard M. , Lee Hon Cheung , Hao Quan , Kotaka Masayo 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCyclic ADP‐ribose (cADPR) mobilizes intracellular Ca2+ stores and activates Ca2+ influx to regulate a wide range of physiological processes. It is one of the products produced from the catalysis of NAD+ by the multifunctional CD38/ADP‐ribosyl cyclase superfamily. After elimination of the nicotinamide ring by the enzyme, the reaction intermediate of NAD+ can either be hydrolyzed to form linear ADPR or cyclized to form cADPR. We have previously shown that human CD38 exhibits a higher preference towards the hydrolysis of NAD+ to form linear ADPR while Aplysia ADP‐ribosyl cyclase prefers cyclizing NAD+ to form cADPR. In this study, we characterized the enzymatic properties of porcine CD38 and revealed that it has a prominent secondary NAD+ cyclase activity producing cADPR. We also determined the X‐ray crystallographic structures of porcine CD38 and were able to observe conformational flexibility at the base of the active site of the enzyme which allow the NAD+ reaction intermediate to adopt conformations resulting in both hydrolysis and cyclization forming linear ADPR and cADPR respectively.
Molecular characterisation of the vitellogenin gene (AlVg) and its expression after Apolygus lucorum had fed on different hosts
Authors: Sun Yang , Xiao Liubin , Cao Guangchun , Zhang Yongjun , Xiao Yingfang , Xu Guangchun , Zhao Jing , Tan Yongan , Bai Lixin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe polyphagous pest Apolygus lucorum is now the dominant pest of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton in China. In this study, the transcriptional and translational profiles of AlVg influenced by different hosts were identified, and then the correlations between AlVg gene or AlVg protein expression and key population proliferation parameters of A. lucorum were further clarified.RESULTSAlVg or AlVg expression can be significantly regulated by different host nutrients (P < 0.05). AlVg or AlVg expression was significantly higher in A. lucorum reared on Bt and conventional cotton than in A. lucorum reared on garland chrysanthemum and broad bean (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between AlVg or AlVg expression in A. lucorum reared on Bt and conventional cotton (P > 0.05). In addition, there were significant linear regression correlations between AlVg or AlVg expression and total mortality rate of nymphs, female lifespan, per female fecundity and egg hatching rates (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONOur results confirm that AlVg or AlVg is the key parameter affecting female fertility of A. lucorum. AlVg and AlVg expression can be influenced by different host nutrients except for Bt toxin. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Visual and olfactory enhancement of stable fly trapping
Authors: Zhu Junwei J , Zhang Qing‐he , Taylor David B , Friesen Kristina A 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDStable flies are considered to be one of the major blood‐feeding pests in the US livestock industry, causing losses running into billions of dollars annually. Adult stable flies are highly attracted to Alsynite traps; however, Alsynite is becoming increasingly difficult to obtain and is expensive.RESULTSHere, we report on the development of a less expensive and more efficacious trap based upon a white panel with the option to add visual and olfactory stimuli for enhanced stable fly trapping. White panel traps caught twice as many stable flies than Alsynite traps. Baiting the traps with synthetic manure volatiles increased catches 2–3‐fold. Electroretinographic recordings of stable flies showed strong peaks of visual sensitivities occurring at 330–360 nm, 460–525 nm and 605–635 nm. A laboratory study indicated that young stable flies are more responsive to white, whereas gravid females prefer blue; in the field, white traps caught more stable flies than patterned or blue‐black traps.CONCLUSIONStable fly control can be enhanced by developing more efficient trapping systems with added visual and olfactory stimuli. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Measurement of tremor transmission during microsurgery
Authors: Verrelli David I. , Qian Yi , Wood James , Wilson Michael K. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundTremor is a major impediment to performing fine motor tasks, as in microsurgery. However, conventional measurements do not involve tasks representative of microsurgery.MethodWe developed a low‐cost surgical simulator incorporating a force transducer capable of detecting and quantifying the effects of tremor upon high‐fidelity silicone replicas of cardiac vessels and substrate muscle. Experienced and trainee surgeons performed simulated anastomoses on this rig. We characterized procedures in terms of tremor intensity, based on Lomb–Scargle periodograms.ResultsDistinctive force oscillations occurred at 8–12 Hz, characteristic of enhanced physiological tremor, yielding peaks in power spectral density. These early results suggest a significantly lower transmission of tremor to the operative field by the experienced surgeon in comparison to the trainees.ConclusionsThis new device quantifies the action of tremor upon a manipulandum during a complex task, which may be used for assessment and providing feedback to trainee surgeons. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stochastic modelling and simulation approaches to analysing enhanced fault tolerance on service‐based software systems
Authors: Peng Kuan‐Li , Huang Chin‐Yu 
Published: December 2015

SummaryPresently, service‐based software systems (SBSSs) have been heavily deployed to fulfil the functionalities of cloud computing and are widely used in many other application fields. Additionally, maintaining functionality and quality of service levels becomes increasingly important for SBSSs; this is because system operational failures may cause great financial loss to an organization. Fault tolerance (FT) is usually used to provide continuous and reliable system service delivery when failures occur. However, the reliability and performance of FT should be carefully analysed because of the overhead of invoking redundant services. It is also noted that the single point of failure on the FT adjudicators as well as the failure correlation also hamper the benefits of FT in SBSSs. To address these problems, this paper proposes two approaches, the stochastic modelling approach and the simulation approach, for analysing the reliability and performance of generalized FT designs. The first approach is suitable for quick analysis at an early design stage, while the second approach is built on top of the ns‐3 simulator and could be well adapted to incorporate varied uncertainty models in the SBSS environments Extensive experiments and analyses uncover some characteristics that could be useful for SBSS engineers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Randomized controlled trials: still the backbone of vascular surgery?
Authors: Naylor A.R. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Prior to the introduction of evidence-based medicine, decision-making was largely based upon ‘intuitive reasoning’, whereby senior clinicians dictated practice based upon personal dogma, personal experience and (often) biased observational studies. This era began to end (in vascular surgery) following completion of the landmark randomized trials in carotid disease, which recruited patients throughout the 1980s. Despite scepticism amongst some surgeons of the time these particular randomized trials have stood the test of time and remain the cornerstone of virtually every guideline of practice to this day. The carotid randomized trials became a beacon for using ‘evidence’ rather than ‘intuitive reasoning’ and randomized trials have now been used to determine optimal practice in a plethora of carotid surgery and stenting trials, lower limb revascularization and numerous aortic aneurysm based studies.
The literature abounds with situations where practice (previously based on observational study data) was changed overnight following publication of a well-designed randomized trial. However, while observational studies are prone to selection bias, randomized trials bring their own unique limitations including problems with external validity, they take too long to complete, they are very expensive, they are notorious for problems with recruitment and they can frequently become obsolete. This has led to a (not unreasonable) call for more observational studies to be used in the development of practice guidelines. Unfortunately, the principle guideline bodies around the world, e.g. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and the American Heart Association (AHA), prioritize randomized trial evidence above all else. Until that changes, guideline makers will find it very difficult to deviate from using historical randomized trial evidence, even when high quality observational data suggest that ‘real world’ practice bears little comparison to that reported in the randomized trials. Nowhere is that more evident than in developing contemporary guidelines for the management of asymptomatic carotid disease.
The Lipidomic Analyses in Low and Highly Aggressive Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Zhao Zhenwen , Cai Qingchun , Xu Yan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDespite huge advances in the research of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), it remains the most lethal gynecological malignancy. Peritoneal tumor cell dissemination with cell survival and drug‐resistance to taxane and platinum‐based chemotherapy are two of the major challenges of EOC treatment. We have generated highly aggressive EOC cell lines (ID8‐P1 lines or P1) from ID8‐P0 (without in vivo passage, or P0) through in vivo passage in mice. We conducted lipidomic analyses in cells from ID8‐P0 versus three ID8‐P1 cell lines using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 16 classes of lipids (149 individual lipids) were analyzed and compared between P0 and P1 cells. In addition to overall lipid profiles in EOC cells, we had several novel observations. Several classes and species of lipids have been identified to be differentially present in P0 versus P1 cells, which are potentially involved in the acquired aggressiveness of P1 cells. Triacylglycerols (TAG) were dramatically increased under detachment stress in EOC cells. Since survival of EOC cells under detachment is one of the major obstacles for EOC treatment, further studies identifying the molecular mechanisms controlling TAG increase may lead to new treatment modalities for EOC.
The Sterol and Erythrodiol + Uvaol Content of Virgin Olive Oils Produced in Five Olive‐Growing Zones of Extremadura (Spain)
Authors: Cano Manuel Martínez , Gordillo Concepción de Miguel , Mendoza Manuel Fuentes , Vertedor Daniel Martín , Casas Jacinto Sánchez 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe content of sterols and erythrodiol + uvaol was studied in 273 virgin olive oil samples from 40 mills in five olive‐growing zones of Extremadura (Spain). An analysis of variance showed significant differences at a confidence level of 95 % between the different zones in each of the main sterols and in the sum of erythrodiol + uvaol. The results of a linear discriminant analysis, considering the different olive‐growing areas as categorical dependent variables and the different sterols as independent variables, explained 78.2 % of the variance with the first two discriminant functions. The resulting model correctly classified 86.9 % of the samples analysed. A validation study was conducted to verify the goodness of the discriminant analysis, resulting in 79.3 % of the new samples used for validation being correctly classified. In the graphical representation of the different groups studied considering the proposed model's first two discriminant functions, the centroids of the Sierra Norte de Cáceres, Vegas del Guadiana and Tierra de Barros olive‐growing zones were clearly separated, but this was not the case for the other two zones—La Serena and La Siberia.
Girls feeling good at school: School gender environment, internalization and awareness of socio‐cultural attitudes associations with self‐esteem in adolescent girls
Authors: Cribb Victoria L. , Haase Anne M. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTAs society continues to advocate an unrealistically thin body shape, awareness and internalization of appearance and its consequent impact upon self‐esteem has become increasingly of concern, particularly in adolescent girls. School gender environment may influence these factors, but remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to assess differences between two different school environments in appearance attitudes, social influences and associations with self‐esteem. Two hundred and twelve girls (M = 13.8 years) attending either a single‐sex or co‐educational school completed measures on socio‐cultural attitudes towards appearance, social support and self‐esteem. Though marginal differences between school environments were found, significantly higher internalization was reported among girls at the co‐educational school. School environment moderated relations between internalization and self‐esteem such that girls in co‐educational environments had poorer self‐esteem stemming from greater internalization. Thus, in a single‐sex school environment, protective factors may attenuate negative associations between socio‐cultural attitudes towards appearance and self‐esteem in adolescent girls.
In times of war, adolescents do not fall silent: Teacher–student social network communication in wartime
Authors: Ophir Yaakov , Rosenberg Hananel , Asterhan Christa S.C. , Schwarz Baruch B. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTExposure to war is associated with psychological disturbances, but ongoing communication between adolescents and teachers may contribute to adolescents' resilience. This study examined the extent and nature of teacher–student communication on Social Network Sites (SNS) during the 2014 Israel–Gaza war. Israeli adolescents (N = 208, 13–18 yrs) completed information about SNS communication. A subset of these (N = 145) completed questionnaires on social rejection and distress sharing on SNS. More than a half (56%) of the respondents communicated with teachers via SNS. The main content category was ‘emotional support’. Adolescents' perceived benefits from SNS communication with teachers were associated with distress sharing. Social rejection was negatively associated with emotional support and perceived benefits from SNS communication. We conclude that SNS communication between teachers and students may provide students with easy access to human connections and emotional support, which is likely to contribute to adolescents' resilience in times of war.
Who is becoming personality disordered? A register-based follow-up study of 508 inpatient adolescents
Authors: Kantojärvi L. , Hakko H. , Riipinen P. , Riala K. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundOur aim was to investigate which clinical and socio-demographic factors among adolescent psychiatric patient aged 13–17 are associated with a diagnosis of personality disorder (PD) in young adulthood after discharge from psychiatric hospitalization.MethodsThe study sample consisted of 508 adolescents (ages 13–17) admitted to acute psychiatric impatient care between April 2001 and March 2006. DSM IV-based psychiatric diagnoses were obtained from the Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children Present and Lifetime (K-SADS-PL). The information on hospital treatments either in out- or inpatient settings until the end of 2012 was extracted from the national Care Register for Health Care provided by the Finnish National Institute for Health and Welfare. The follow-up time was 9.2 years (mean, 95% CI 9.0–9.3 yrs).ResultsAltogether 57 (11.2%) of subjects were diagnosed PD in adulthood. Among girls with anxiety disorders in adolescence the risk for PD in adulthood increased to 4.39-fold (95% CI 2.02–9.53). Males with later PD were more likely to be admitted for hospital treatment from child welfare placements (OR 3.23, 95% CI 1.21–8.61). However, axis I disorders in adolescence was not associated with risk for PD among boys.ConclusionsThe results indicate that risk of PD developing later in life is increased among girls with anxiety disorders. A child welfare placement associated with PD in males later in life. These associations in adolescents should be considered in clinical work.
Excess maternal salt or fructose intake programmes sex-specific, stress- and fructose-sensitive hypertension in the offspring
Authors: Gray Clint , Gardiner Sheila M. , Elmes Matthew , Gardner David S. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe Western diet is typically high in salt and fructose, which have pressor activity. Maternal diet can affect offspring blood pressure, but the extent to which maternal intake of excess salt and fructose may influence cardiovascular function of the offspring is unknown. We sought to determine the effect of moderate maternal dietary intake of salt and/or fructose on resting and stimulated cardiovascular function of the adult male and female offspring. Pregnant rats were fed purified diets (±4 % salt) and water (±10 % fructose) before and during gestation and through lactation. Male and female offspring were weaned onto standard laboratory chow. From 9 to 14 weeks of age, cardiovascular parameters (basal, circadian and stimulated) were assessed continuously by radiotelemetry. Maternal salt intake rendered opposite-sex siblings with a 25-mmHg difference in blood pressure as adults; male offspring were hypertensive (15 mmHg mean arterial pressure (MAP)) and female offspring were hypotensive (10 mmHg MAP) above and below controls, respectively. Sex differences were unrelated to endothelial nitric oxide activity in vivo, but isolation-induced anxiety revealed a significantly steeper coupling between blood pressure and heart rate in salt-exposed male offspring but not in female offspring. MAP of all offspring was refractory to salt loading but sensitive to subsequent dietary fructose, an effect exacerbated in female offspring from fructose-fed dams. Circadian analyses of pressure in all offspring revealed higher mean set-point for heart rate and relative non-dipping of nocturnal pressure. In conclusion, increased salt and fructose in the maternal diet has lasting effects on offspring cardiovascular function that is sex-dependent and related to the offspring’s stress–response axis.
Looking Back on the Seventieth Anniversary of Japan's Surrender
Authors: Delury John , Smith Sheila A. , Repnikova Maria , Raghavan Srinath 
Published: December 2015

Editor's Introduction: In mid-August 2015, Japanese prime minister Abe Shinzo gave a high-profile speech looking back at the Japanese surrender of 1945. Three weeks later, also to mark the seventieth anniversary of the end of World War II in Asia, China's Communist Party head and president Xi Jinping presided over a lavish parade in the heart of Beijing, which featured missiles and other Chinese military hardware as well as large contingents of People's Liberation Army soldiers and small contingents of troops from various other countries. Following up on a trio of essays in the August issue of the JAS, which looked ahead to events such as these, we now publish this special “Asia Beyond the Headlines” section made up of four essays that explore the meaning, for different individual or sets of countries, of Abe's speech and Xi's spectacle. This quartet of commentaries, by three political scientists and one historian, is designed to complement the last issue's contributions by historians Carol Gluck, Rana Mitter, and Charles Armstrong, as well as the historical photograph from seventy years ago that appears on the cover of this issue.The set begins with an essay by historian John Delury, a scholar trained in Chinese history and currently teaching in Seoul, who has written on varied aspects of East Asian international relations and notes, among other things, the curious fact that the representative from South Korea rather than from North Korea got the warmer reception from Xi during the recent Beijing spectacle. Following this comes Sheila A. Smith, a scholar based at a Washington, D.C., think tank, reflecting on the current state of the complex bilateral relationship between Tokyo and Beijing. Appearing next is a commentary by Maria Repnikova, a specialist in both Chinese and Russian affairs who was trained in political science and holds a postdoctoral fellowship in a school of communications. She writes on the increasingly close ties yet lingering tensions between Beijing and Moscow, as well as the way that official media has celebrated, while some users of social media have mocked, the symbolism of Vladimir Putin and Xi Jinping presiding over recent victory day parades in their respective capitals. The series concludes with a commentary by Srinath Raghavan, a London-trained scholar now based at a New Delhi policy institute. He completes our survey of commemoration of the end of World War II with a look at the way recent parades revealed the Indian government's tricky position vis-à-vis Moscow and Beijing, as well as the relatively scant attention that India's significant contributions to World War II received, at home and internationally, during the season of commemorative speeches and displays.