bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence‐based dentistry for planning restorative treatments: barriers and potential solutions
Authors: Afrashtehfar K. I. , Eimar H. , Yassine R. , Abi‐Nader S. , Tamimi F. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIntroductionEvidence‐based dentistry (EBD) can help provide the best treatment option for every patient, however, its implementation in restorative dentistry is very limited.ObjectiveThis study aimed at assessing the barriers preventing the implementation of EBD among dental undergraduate and graduate students in Montreal, and explore possible solutions to overcome these barriers.Materials and methodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted by means of a paper format self‐administrated questionnaire distributed among dental students. The survey assessed the barriers and potential solutions for implementation of an evidence‐based practice.ResultsSixty‐one students completed the questionnaire. Forty‐one percent of respondents found evidence‐based literature to be the most reliable source of information for restorative treatment planning, however, only 16% used it. They considered that finding reliable information was difficult and they sometimes encountered conflicting information when consulting different sources. Dental students had positive attitudes towards the need for better access to evidence‐based literature to assist learning and decision making in restorative treatment planning and to improve treatment outcomes. Even for dentists trained in EBD, online searching takes too much time, and even though it can provide information of better quality than personal intuition, it might not be enough to identify the best available evidence.ConclusionsEven though dental students are aware of the importance of EBD in restorative dentistry they rarely apply the concept, mainly due to time constraints. For this reason, implementation of EBD would probably require faster access to evidence‐based knowledge.
Tree diversity, tree height and environmental harshness in eastern and western North America
Authors: Marks Christian O. , Muller‐Landau Helene C. , Tilman David 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDoes variation in environmental harshness explain local and regional species diversity gradients? We hypothesise that for a given life form like trees, greater harshness leads to a smaller range of traits that are viable and thereby also to lower species diversity. On the basis of a strong dependence of maximum tree height on site productivity and other measures of site quality, we propose maximum tree height as an inverse measure of environmental harshness for trees. Our results show that tree species richness is strongly positively correlated with maximum tree height across multiple spatial scales in forests of both eastern and western North America. Maximum tree height co‐varied with species richness along gradients from benign to harsh environmental conditions, which supports the hypothesis that harshness may be a general mechanism limiting local diversity and explaining diversity gradients within a biogeographic region.
Shocks and Spatial Regime Fades in Spain's International Migration Distribution
Authors: Duque Juan C. , Hierro María 
Published: May 2016

AbstractUsing an exploratory space‐time analysis called spMorph, this article explores how the spatial distribution of international migration across the Spanish provinces has evolved over the period 1998‐2010. The chief advantage of this approach is that it permits the unambiguous identification of two key components in a spatial redistribution process, namely the shocks to the spatial distribution and the duration of regime fades. The results of the analysis show that administrative regions do not provide a reliable picture of the real dynamics in Spain's international migration distribution. In addition, the identification of two spatial shocks reveals the existence of three spatial regimes that consistently characterize the various phases that international migration has been through since the late 1990s.
Transient activation of mucosal effector immune responses by resident intestinal bacteria in normal hosts is regulated by interleukin‐10 signalling
Authors: Wu Cong , Sartor R. Balfour , Huang Kehe , Tonkonogy Susan L. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryInterleukin‐10 (IL‐10) is a key regulator of mucosal homeostasis. In the current study we investigated the early events after monoassociating germ‐free (GF) wild‐type (WT) mice with an Escherichia coli strain that we isolated previously from the caecal contents of a normal mouse housed under specific pathogen‐free conditions. Our results show that interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) secreted by mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells from both IL‐10 deficient mice and WT mice, stimulated ex vivo with E. coli lysate, was dramatically higher at day 4 after monoassociation compared with IFN‐γ secreted by cells from GF mice without E. coli colonization. Production of IFN‐γ rapidly and progressively declined after colonization of WT but not IL‐10‐deficient mice. The E. coli lysate‐stimulated WT MLN cells also produced IL‐10 that peaked at day 4 and subsequently declined, but not as precipitously as IFN‐γ. WT cells that express CD4, CD8 and NKp46 produced IFN‐γ; WT CD4‐positive cells and B cells produced IL‐10. Recombinant IL‐10 added to E. coli‐stimulated MLN cell cultures inhibited IFN‐γ secretion in a dose‐dependent fashion. MLN cells from WT mice treated in vivo with neutralizing anti‐IL‐10 receptor antibody produced more IFN‐γ compared with MLN cells from isotype control antibody‐treated mice. These findings show that a resident E. coli that induces chronic colitis in monoassociated IL‐10‐deficient mice rapidly but transiently activates the effector immune system in normal hosts, in parallel with induction of protective IL‐10 produced by B cells and CD4+ cells that subsequently suppresses this response to mediate mucosal homeostasis.
Linear programing relaxations for a strategic pricing problem in electricity markets
Authors: Fampa Marcia , Pimentel Wagner 
Published: May 2016

AbstractStrategic bidding problems in energy markets have been vastly studied in the literature due to their economic importance and mathematical difficulty. In this paper, we consider this problem under the natural uncertainty associated to the competitors' bids and the system demand, and formulate it as a nonconvex quadratically constrained quadratic program. In order to solve this nonconvex maximization problem or to evaluate the quality of heuristic solutions, it is important to know good upper bounds to its optimal value. With this goal, we apply a cutting plane algorithm (CPA) to solve an extended linear relaxation of the problem, which is an outer approximation of a semidefinite relaxation. Valid inequalities are added to an initial linear relaxation at each iteration of the CPA improving the bound computed, including inequalities derived from reformulation linearization techniques (RLTs) and semidefinite programing (SDP) cuts that enforce the positive semidefiniteness of the matrix variable. SDP cuts are well known to considerably delay the solution of the relaxation because of their density, and therefore, we apply a sparsification procedure for the cuts, introduced by Margot et al. in . We propose a modification to the algorithm in Margot et al. to better control the density of the SDP cuts; and after tuning the parameters of our algorithm, we show the trade‐off between the bounds and the density of the cuts for test instances derived from the Brazilian electric system.
A rare case of primary necrotising fasciitis of the breast: combined use of hyperbaric oxygen and negative pressure wound therapy to conserve the breast. Review of literature
Authors: Marongiu Francesco , Buggi Federico , Mingozzi Matteo , Curcio Annalisa , Folli Secondo 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNecrotising fasciitis is a rare but potentially fatal disease. It is even more unusual as a primary disease of the breast. Surgical treatment is required in order to gain control over the spreading infection and mastectomy is reported to be the most common procedure. We report the first case of an otherwise healthy woman exhibiting a primary necrotising fasciitis of the breast, which was treated combining conservative surgery with hyperbaric oxygen (HO) and negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT). A 39‐year‐old woman presented to the emergency room with fever and swelling of her right breast. The physical examination showed oedema and erythema of the breast, with bluish blisters on the lower quadrant. Ultrasound and CT scans showed diffuse oedema of the entire right breast, with subdermal gas bubbles extending to the fascial planes. Few hours later the necrotic area extended regardless an IV antibiotic therapy; a selective debridement of all breast necrotic tissue was performed and repeated 7 days later. The HO was started immediately after the first surgery and repeated daily (2·8 Bar, 120 min) for 18 days and then a NPWT (120–135 mmHg) was applied. Forty‐five days after the last debridement, the breast wound was covered with a full‐thickness skin graft. Several months later, an excellent cosmetic result was observed. This is the first case of primary necrotising fasciitis of the breast treated associating HO and NPWT to surgical debridement only; this combination resulted in a complete recovery with the additional benefit of breast conservation. Such result is discussed in light of the available literature on the treatment of primary necrotising fasciitis of the breast.
Retrospective study of experience of craniofacial reconstruction
Authors: Chen Baoguo , Gao Quanwen , Song Huifeng , Xu Minghuo 
Published: May 2016

AbstractReconstruction is a basic task in craniofacial plastic surgery. Different methods must be used to meet the aspirations of surgeons and patients with different defects and deformities. We make a retrospective study of our experience of craniofacial reconstruction. In accordance with 10 years' clinical experience, direct suturing, skin graft transfer, nerve anastomosis, expanded pedicled or random flaps, facial local random flaps, reduction of mandibular fracture and correction of congenital craniofacial deformities were included in this case series. These types of treatment were applied to reconstruct facial defects or deformities according to different circumstances of patients. Directed by rational design and treatment, reconstructive surgery can be executed to treat different cases with different circumstances. A total of 891 different cases with different facial circumstances were treated with different methods: direct suturing (n = 93), skin graft transfer(n = 104), nerve anastomosis (n = 38), expanded pedicled or random flaps(n = 310), facial local random or pedicled flaps(n = 231), reduction of mandibular fracture(n = 112) and correction of congenital craniofacial deformities(n = 13). Reconstructive technique must be directed by reliable methods and special guidelines in Plastic Surgery. Three guidelines are summarised: reconstruction in the first stage and returning injured tissue to its origin site as far as possible for traumatic events; adjacent tissue must be prior to other distant tissue for reconstructive choice; and reconstruction at different stages after careful design.
Alternative Thawing Methods for the Blanched/Non‐Blanched Potato Cubes: Microwave, Ohmic, and Carbon Fiber Plate Assisted Cabin Thawing
Authors: Icier Filiz , Cokgezme Omer Faruk , Sabanci Serdal 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe effects of conventional‐C, carbon fiber plate assisted cabinet heater‐CPAC, ohmic‐OT, and microwave thawing‐MT techniques on changes of some quality characteristics and resistant starch (RS) content of potato (Solanum tuberosumL.) cubes (18 × 18 × 18 mm) were investigated. The effects of blanching prior to the freezing on thawing characteristics were also determined. The thawing times of non‐blanched samples were determined as 23,580 ± 485 s, 5360 ± 40 s, 205 ± 18.25 s and 19.26 ± 1.49 s for conventional, CPAC, OT, and MT methods, respectively. The blanching process increased the thawing times in general. OT and CPAC thawing methods served lower RS content for thawed potato samples. The potato cubes thawed by OT and MT were softer than C and CPAC thawed potato cubes (P < 0.05). The highest color change was found for MT of blanched samples and conventional thawing of non‐blanched samples. The electrical methods could be alternative thawing methods in terms of providing shorter thawing times and desirable changes on some quality characteristics.Practical ApplicationsThe conventional thawing of high amount of frozen food products have posed a problem for catering industry. The long thawing time, drip loss issues, quality loses and possible microbial spoilage are lacks of conventional thawing method. The electroheating methods such as ohmic, microwave and unique carbon fiber plate assisted cabinet heating were employed as alternative thawing techniques. Thawing time of potato cubes were shortened and quality characteristics, such as drip loss, texture profile, color properties and resistant starch (RS), were improved by novel thawing methods. The obtained results reveal that the application of alternative thawing methods may lead to decreasing of the operating cost due to shorter process time and minimizing the changes in color, texture and nutritional compounds.
The Roles of Racial Discrimination, Cultural Mistrust, and Gender in Latina/o Youth's School Attitudes and Academic Achievement
Authors: Cooper Adina C. , Sánchez Bernadette 
Published: May 2016

Gender gaps in achievement are particularly pronounced among Latina/os, who are among the population most affected by the academic achievement gap. This study examined the roles of racial discrimination, cultural mistrust, and economic value of education in the academic achievement of urban, low‐income Latina/o adolescents. Participants were 346 high school students. Structural equation modeling revealed that the model of associations was a better fit for male students than for female students. Cultural mistrust mediated the relationship between racial discrimination and values of education, and perceived limitations of education predicted lower attendance rates for male students but not for female students. Implications for future research and interventions are discussed.
CIE Libraries Supporting the Development of Psychology During the Allied Occupation in Japan (1945–1952)
Authors: Suzuki Tomoko , Arakawa Ayumu , Koizumi Shinichi , Takasuna Miki 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDuring the Allied occupation of Japan after the Second World War, the Civil Information and Educational Section (CIE) Libraries played an important role in providing new foreign books and journals in the field of psychology. This paper first gives an overview of the history of psychology in Japan around the time of the Second World War. Subsequently, important excerpts from an oral history with Japanese psychologists are presented. Finally, based on information from this oral history, a survey of the books on psychology in the CIE Yokohama Library was conducted. Results of the survey indicate that CIE Libraries offered foreign books on topics in applied psychology, such as clinical psychology. The opportunities provided by this library had a profound impact on psychological study and practice in Japan. As many materials from this period are missing, including all books and journals from the CIE Hibiya Library, further research should include oral history from psychologists who visited these libraries.
Short‐term outcome and complications of TPLO using anatomically contoured locking compression plates in small/medium‐breed dogs with “excessive” tibial plateau angle
Authors: Barnes D. C. , Trinterud T. , Owen M. R. , Bush M. A. 
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVESTo report short‐term radiographic and clinical outcome and complications following tibial plateau levelling osteotomy for the treatment of cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency in dogs less than 18·1 kg with tibial plateau angle greater than 35° using anatomically contoured six‐hole locking compression plates.METHODSRetrospective data were collected on: preoperative, postoperative and follow‐up tibial plateau angles, plateau segment rotation, tibial tuberosity width and length of the cranial aspect of tibial tuberosity segment from the patellar tendon insertion and rotation of the tibial plateau below the level of the insertion of the patellar ligament.RESULTSIn 26 small dogs (29 stifles in total), mean preoperative, postoperative and follow‐up tibial plateau angles were 38·2°, 4·8°, and 4·4°, respectively. Documented postoperative complications were limited to patellar tendinopathy in a single case (3·4%) and tibial tuberosity or fibula fracture were not observed.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEShort‐term radiographic and clinical outcome of tibial plateau levelling osteotomy stabilised with anatomically contoured six‐hole locking compression plates for the treatment of small dogs with large tibial plateau angle suggests a very low risk of complications. Rotation beyond the “safe point” is necessary to perform full rotation in some cases, but does not appear to incur an increased risk of tibial tuberosity fracture.
Sleep physiology predicts memory retention after reactivation
Authors: Macdonald Kevin J. , Cote Kimberly A. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryBoth sleep and future relevance influence memory consolidation; however, limited research has investigated their role in memory reconsolidation. We manipulated the future relevance of both stable and labile memories in need of reconsolidation. Two groups learned two blocks of syllable pairs on one evening and were told they would be tested on one of the blocks later. On the second evening, one group (Labile) received reminders designed to return their memories of syllable pairs to a labile state, while a second group (Stable) received reminders designed to leave these memories in a stable state. No significant differences in memory retention were found between blocks or groups the following morning. Frontal delta (0.5–4 Hz) electroencephalographic power during Stage 2 sleep correlated positively with retention of future‐relevant material exclusively in the Labile group. Central theta (4–8 Hz) electroencephalographic power during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep correlated positively with the extent to which the Labile group selectively retained future‐relevant material. These relationships suggest that sleep‐dependent processes are involved in an economical reprocessing of memories beyond the initial stages of consolidation.
Perfusion and Volume Response of Canine Brain Tumors to Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Radiotherapy
Authors: Zwingenberger A.L. , Pollard R.E. , Taylor S.L. , Chen R.X. , Nunley J. , Kent M.S. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundStereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) are highly conformal, high‐dose radiation treatment techniques used to treat people and dogs with brain tumors.ObjectivesTo evaluate the response toSRS‐ andSRT‐treated tumors using volume and perfusion variables and to measure the survival times of affected dogs.AnimalsProspective study of 34 dogs with evidence of brain tumors undergoing stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT).MethodsComputed tomography andMRIimaging were used to calculate tumor volume and perfusion at baseline, and at 3 months and 6 months after treatment. Survival analysis was performed to evaluate treatment efficacy.ResultsMean tumor volume significantly declined from baseline to the first recheck by −0.826 cm3(95%CI: −1.165, −0.487) (P < .001); this reduction was maintained at the second recheck. Blood flow and blood volume declined significantly in the tumor after treatment. Median survival was 324 days (95%CI: 292.8, 419.4), and 4 dogs survived longer than 650 days. Neither actual tumor volume (hazard ratio = 1.21,P = .19) nor the change in tumor volume from the baseline (hazard ratio = 1.38,P = .12) significantly affected the hazard of death because of the tumor.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceStereotactic radiosurgery andSRTare effective treatments for reducing tumor volume, blood flow, and blood volume. Treated dogs surviving for more than 1 year are more likely to die from other causes than of their primary brain tumor.SRSandSRTshould be considered for noninvasive treatment of intracranial brain tumors.
Function, expression, specificity, diversity and incompatibility of actinobacteriophage parABS systems
Authors: Dedrick Rebekah M. , Mavrich Travis N. , Ng Wei L. , Cervantes Reyes Juan C. , Olm Matthew R. , Rush Rachael E. , Jacobs‐Sera Deborah , Russell Daniel A. , Hatfull Graham F. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryMore than 180 individual phages infecting hosts in the phylum Actinobacteria have been sequenced and grouped into Cluster A because of their similar overall nucleotide sequences and genome architectures. These Cluster A phages are either temperate or derivatives of temperate parents, and most have an integration cassette near the centre of the genome containing an integrase gene and attP. However, about 20% of the phages lack an integration cassette, which is replaced by a 1.4 kbp segment with predicted partitioning functions, including plasmid‐like parA and parB genes. Phage RedRock forms stable lysogens in Mycobacterium smegmatis in which the prophage replicates at 2.4 copies/chromosome and the partitioning system confers prophage maintenance. The parAB genes are expressed upon RedRock infection of M. smegmatis, but are downregulated once lysogeny is established by binding of RedRock ParB to parS‐L, one of two centromere‐like sites flanking the parAB genes. The RedRock parS‐L and parS‐R sites are composed of eight directly repeated copies of an 8 bp motif that is recognized by ParB. The actinobacteriophage parABS cassettes span considerable sequence diversity and specificity, providing a suite of tools for use in mycobacterial genetics.
Prolonged QT interval is linked to all‐cause and cardiac mortality in chronic peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Kuo Huey‐Liang , Liu Yao‐Lung , Liang Chih‐Chia , Chang Chiz‐Tzung , Wang Su‐Ming , Liu Jiung‐Hsiun , Lin Hsin‐Hung , Wang I‐Kuan , Yang Ya‐Fei , Chou Che‐Yi , Huang Chiu‐Ching 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimProlonged QT interval is related to changes of electrolytes in haemodialysis (HD) and is associated with all‐cause mortality in HD patients. It is unknown if prolonged QT interval is associated with all‐cause mortality in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients as the electrolytes were relatively stable in PD. We therefore investigated the association of prolonged QT interval and all‐cause mortality in chronic PD patients.MethodsThe QT intervals were measured in 2003 and all patients were followed to December 2012. A prolonged QT interval was defined as a QT interval > 450 ms. The association of prolonged QT interval with all‐cause and cardiac‐specific mortality was analyzed using Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier analysis.ResultsOf 306 patients, 196 (64%) patients had prolonged QT interval. The incidence density rate was 9.7 per 100 persons‐years for all‐cause mortality and 5.6 for cardiac specific mortality in patients with prolonged QT interval. Prolonged QT interval was associated with all‐cause mortality with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.59 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06–2.39, P = 0.03] and cardiac mortality (HR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.00–2.78, P = 0.05) with adjustments for age, gender, diabetes, and vintage of dialysis. Longer QT interval (>500 ms, 450–500 ms, and < 450 ms) was significantly associated with a worse overall survival (P = 0.03, log‐rank test) and cardiac mortality free survival (P = 0.05, log‐rank test).ConclusionsProlonged QT interval was associated with all‐cause and cardiac mortality in patients on peritoneal dialysis. The association is independent of patient's age and diabetes.