bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving patient adherence to secondary prevention medications 6 months after an acute coronary syndrome: observational cohort study
Authors: Brieger David , Chow Clara , Gullick Janice , Hyun Karice , D'Souza Mario , Briffa Tom ,   for the CONCORDANCE Investigators
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundMost patients are recommended secondary prevention pharmacotherapies following an acute coronary syndromes (ACS).AimTo identify predictors of adherence at 6 months and strategies to improve adherence to these therapies.MethodsPatients in the CONCORDANCE registry who were discharged on evidence‐based medications were stratified into those receiving ≥75% (‘adherent’) or <75% (‘non‐adherent’) of indicated medications at 6 months. Baseline characteristics, hospital and post‐discharge care were compared between groups. Multivariable logistic analysis identified independent predictors of adherence. The relative contribution of each clinical or treatment factor to ‘adherence’ was determined using an adequacy measure method.ResultsFollow‐up data were available for 6595 patients, 4492 (68.1%) of whom were ‘adherent’. Clinical factors predictive of adherence included previous stroke, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and hypertension (odds ratios (OR) 1.36–1.56); factors predictive of non‐adherence included discharge diagnosis of non–ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (vs unstable angina) (OR 0.51) and atrial fibrillation (OR 0.59). Discharge on ≥75% of indicated medications was a strong predictor of adherence at 6 months (OR 10.23, 95% confidence interval 7.89−13.27); in‐hospital management factors predicting non‐adherence were medical management alone (OR 0.34) and coronary artery bypass graft (OR 0.50) (both vs PCI). Post‐discharge predictors of adherence included cardiac rehabilitation (OR 1.36) and general practitioner attendance (OR 1.40).ConclusionFailure to discharge patients on indicated therapies is the most important modifiable predictor of adherence failure 6 months after an ACS. Implementing protocols to automate prescription of indicated discharge therapies, has the potential to reduce non‐adherence dramatically in the 6 months following discharge.
Characteristics of patients who progress from bridging to long‐term oxygen therapy
Authors: Levin Kovi , Borg Brigitte , Miller Belinda , Kee Kirk , Dabscheck Eli 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundPatients with persistent hypoxia following an acute hospital admission may be discharged with ‘bridging’ domiciliary oxygen as per criteria defined by the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand. The need for continuous long‐term oxygen therapy (LTOT) is then reassessed at a clinic review 1–2 months later.AimTo describe the characteristics of patients discharged from an acute hospital admission with continuous short‐term oxygen therapy (STOT), and subsequently to investigate for differences between subjects who proceeded to qualify for continuous LTOT versus those who were able to cease STOT at review.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study involving all subjects discharged from Alfred Health between 2011 and 2015 inclusive with bridging domiciliary oxygen. Multiple biochemical, physiological and demographic characteristics were collated and analysed.ResultsOf all patients prescribed continuous STOT at time of discharge, 47.3% qualified for LTOT at outpatient review. This cohort had a significantly lower PaO2 measurement at time of discharge, compared with those who no longer qualified.ConclusionPaO2 at time of discharge provides a signal with the potential to identify who will require continuous LTOT following an acute hospital admission. Additionally, this study highlights the need to re‐evaluate patients’ oxygen requirements during a period of clinical stability.
Does flavoured dentifrice increase fluoride intake compared with regular toothpaste in children? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Vieira Thiago Isidro , Mangabeira Adrielle , Alexandria Adílis Kalina , Ferreira Daniele Masterson T. P. , Fidalgo Tatiana Kelly da Silva , Valença Ana Maria Gondim , Maia Lucianne Cople 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundToothpaste manufacturers encourage through aggressive marketing strategies the overconsumption of fluoridated dentifrices. There are conflicting results regarding fluoride intake from toothpastes in children.AimThe aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to determine whether dentifrice flavour increases fluoride ingestion by children.DesignWe included clinical trials on children that evaluated the use of flavoured dentifrice – FD vs regular dentifrice – RD to identify the fluoride intake. An electronic search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, LILACS/BBO, and grey literature followed by manual search. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration common scheme for bias and ROBINS‐I tool. Data were analysed in subgroups such as low (G1) and ordinary (G2) fluoride concentrations of dentifrices. We carried out heterogeneity and sensitive analyses.ResultsFor G1, the fluoride intake from RD was significantly higher than from FD [standardised mean difference = −2.57 (−3.26, −1.89), P < 0.00001]. For G2, the fluoride ingestion from RD was significantly higher than from FD [mean difference = −0.00 (−0.00, −0.00), P = 0.02].ConclusionsThere is evidence to support the null hypothesis that flavouring from dentifrice does not increase fluoride intake in young children.
Genetic analyses of linear profiling data on 3‐year‐old Swedish Warmblood horses
Authors: Viklund Å. , Eriksson S. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryA linear profiling protocol was introduced in 2013 at tests for 3‐year‐old Swedish Warmblood horses. In this protocol, traits are subjectively described on a nine‐point linear scale from one biological extreme to the other. This complements the traditional scoring where horses are evaluated in relation to the breeding objective. This study aimed to investigate the suitability of the linear information for genetic evaluation. Data on 22 conformation traits, 17 movement traits, 14 jumping traits and one temperament trait from 3,410 horses tested between 2013 and 2016 were analysed using an animal model. For conformation traits, the heritabilities ranged from 0.10 for description of hock joint from behind to 0.52 for shape of the neck. For movement traits, the highest heritability (0.54) was estimated for elasticity in trot and the lowest (0.08) for energy in walk. The heritabilities for jumping traits ranged from 0.05 for the ability to focus on the assignment to 0.57 for scope. Genetic correlations between linear traits and corresponding traditionally scored traits were strong (−0.37 to in many cases <−0.9). The results show that the linear information is suitable for genetic evaluation and can be a useful tool for breeders.
A local risk map using field observations of the Asian longhorned beetle to optimize monitoring activities
Authors: Fragnière Y. , Forster B. , Hölling D. , Wermelinger B. , Bacher S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe Asian longhorned beetle Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is one of the most dangerous xylophagous pests affecting broadleaf trees in the world. Eradication programmes are undertaken in non‐native regions, requiring extensive resources and involving high costs. An adapted strategy must be set up to optimize the ratio cost/probability of success. We developed a method to generate a risk index of A. glabripennis presence at a local scale, in the surrounding area of an infestation, using field observations (counts of adult insects, exit holes and infested trees). The method, mathematically based on the bivariate symmetric Laplace distribution, has thus reasonable input requirements. The output risk map is easy to interpret and can be directly used by decision‐makers. We used our approach in three infestations in Switzerland. The risk map represented well the insect pressure (beetle population density). We highlighted the fact that survey boundaries, commonly chosen using constant distances from the infestation, should be selected regarding the spatial distribution of the insect pressure, to prioritize monitoring activities. The risk map provides a helpful instrument for advanced survey planning after a first overview, for example to decide which area and which host trees should be inspected for infestations.
Twelve‐week ravidasvir plus ritonavir‐boosted danoprevir and ribavirin for non‐cirrhotic HCV genotype 1 patients: A phase 2 study
Authors: Kao Jia‐Horng , Yu Min‐Lung , Chen Chi‐Yi , Peng Cheng‐Yuan , Chen Ming‐Yao , Tang Huoling , Chen Qiaoqiao , Wu Jinzi J 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackground and AimThe need for all‐oral hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatments with higher response rates, improved tolerability, and lower pill burden compared with interferon‐inclusive regimen has led to the development of new direct‐acting antiviral agents. Ravidasvir (RDV) is a second‐generation, pan‐genotypic NS5A inhibitor with high barrier to resistance. The aim of this phase 2 study (EVEREST study) was to assess the efficacy and safety of interferon‐free, 12‐week RDV plus ritonavir‐boosted danoprevir (DNVr) and ribavirin (RBV) regimen for treatment‐naïve Asian HCV genotype 1 (GT1) patients without cirrhosis.MethodsA total of 38 treatment‐naïve, non‐cirrhotic adult HCV GT1 patients were enrolled in this multicenter, open‐label, single‐arm phase 2 study (NCT03020095). All patients received a combination of RDV 200 mg once daily (q.d.) plus DNVr 100 mg/100 mg twice daily (b.i.d.) and oral RBV 1000/1200 mg/day (body weight < 75/≥ 75 kg) for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was the rate of sustained virologic response 12 weeks after the end of treatment (SVR12).ResultsOf 38 patients, all (100%) achieved SVR12. During the study, no treatment‐related serious adverse events, no patients discontinued treatment due to adverse events, and no deaths were reported. Six of 37 (16%) patients with available sequences had HCV NS5A resistance‐associated variants at baseline. All patients (6/6) with baseline NS5A resistance‐associated variants achieved SVR12.ConclusionsTwelve‐week RDV and DNVr in combination with RBV for 12 weeks achieves the SVR12 rate of 100% in treatment‐naïve non‐cirrhotic Asian patients with HCV GT1 infection. This interferon‐free regimen is also safe and well tolerated.
Mobility Trajectories at the End of Life: Comparing Clinical Condition and Latent Class Approaches
Authors: Lunney June R. , Albert Steven M. , Boudreau Robert , Ives Diane , Satterfield Suzanne , Newman Anne B. , Harris Tamara ,   the Health Aging and Body Composition Study
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesTo assess mobility disability trajectories before death in a large sample of very old adults using two analytical approaches to determine how well they corresponded.DesignDecedent sample from the Health, Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study. Data were collected between 1997 and 2015.SettingPittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Memphis, Tennessee.ParticipantsIndividuals randomly selected from well‐functioning white Medicare beneficiaries and all black community residents meeting age criteria (70–79) (N = 3,075).MeasurementsParticipants were interviewed in person or by phone at least every six months throughout the study. Of the 1,991 participants who died by the end of the study, 1,410 had been interviewed for 3 years before death, including an interview 6 months before dying. We analyzed self‐reported mobility collected prospectively at 6‐month intervals during the last 3 years of life. We derived trajectories in two ways: by averaging decline within decedent groups prespecified according to clinical conditions and by estimating trajectory models using maximum‐likelihood semiparametric modeling.ResultsNinety‐eight percent of decedents were classified according to 4 prespecified clinical conditions (sudden death, terminal, organ failure, frailty), which produced groups with different characteristics. Five disability trajectories were identified: late decline, progressive disability, moderate disability, early decline, and persistent disability. Disability trajectory and clinical condition grouping confirmed previous research but were only marginally related.ConclusionDerived disability trajectories and grouping according to clinical condition provide useful information about different facets of the end‐of‐life experience. The lack of fit between them suggests a need for greater attention to heterogeneity in disability in the period before death.
Near Visual Impairment Incidence in Relation to Diabetes in Older People: The Three‐Cities Study
Authors: Danet‐Lamasou Marie , Pérès Karine , Matharan Fanny , Berr Claudine , Carrière Isabelle , Tzourio Christophe , Delcourt Cécile , Bourdel‐Marchasson Isabelle 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesTo characterize the relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and future risk of near vision impairment (VI) in a community‐dwelling population of older people.DesignSeven‐year population‐based longitudinal study.SettingThree‐Cities Study, a French prospective study designed to assess the risk of cognitive and functional decline attributable to vascular factors.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling individuals aged 65 and older (N = 8,412).MeasurementsDM was determined at baseline according to self‐reported DM, antidiabetic treatment, and fasting blood glucose. Near visual acuity was measured at baseline and 2, 4, and 7 years later. Near VI was defined as a Snellen score greater than 20/30.ResultsDM was associated with a higher risk of near VI in an adjusted model (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02–1.52, P = .03). Because of an interaction between Body Mass Index (BMI) and diagnosed DM, the longitudinal analyses were stratified according to BMI category. DM was associated with greater risk of near VI only in underweight (BMI <21.0 kg/m2, HR = 2.89, 95% CI = 1.18–7.03) and normal‐weight (BMI 21.0–24.9 kg/m2, HR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.10–2.32), but not overweight (P = .69) and obese (P = .09) subjects.ConclusionDM is a risk factor for near VI in older people, particularly in those with a low or normal BMI. This risk profile should be taken into account in older adults to support their independence.
Association between hepatitis C infection in Thai patients with oral lichen planus: A case‐control study
Authors: Manomaivat Trin , Pongsiriwet Surawut , Kuansuwan Chatsri , Thosaporn Wacharaporn , Tachasuttirut Kathawut , Iamaroon Anak 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and evaluate liver enzyme levels in patients from upper northern Thailand with oral lichen planus (OLP).MethodsA case‐control study of 101 patients with OLP and 101 patients without OLP was conducted. Peripheral blood was taken from each patient and screened for anti‐HCV antibody using immunochromatography. Positive samples were further confirmed using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) and reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. In addition, liver enzyme levels, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase were evaluated using spectrophotometry.ResultsImmunochromatography and CMIA revealed that nine patients with OLP (8.9%) were positive for anti‐HCV antibodies, whereas only one patient without OLP was HCV positive (odds ratio = 9.78). All patients who were HCV positive had significantly higher liver enzyme levels than patients who were HCV negative.ConclusionsThe results of the present study indicated that OLP in certain patients was significantly associated with HCV. This could warrant screening for HCV‐infected patients with OLP in Thailand.
Effects of loneliness on illness perception in persons with a chronic disease
Authors: Özkan Tuncay Fatma , Fertelli Tülay , Mollaoğlu Mukadder 
Published: January 2018

Aim and objectivesTo determine the effects of loneliness on illness perception in persons with a chronic disease.BackgroundHow an illness is perceived not only affects all dimensions of a person's life but also plays an important role in his/her coping with the complications and consequences of the disease. One of the factors that influence the illness perception is loneliness.DesignThe study is a descriptive study.MethodsThe study sample included 206 individuals over the 18 years of age, conscious, having had a chronic illness at least 1 year, having no communication problems and agreeing to participate in the study after being informed about the study. Data were collected with the Personal Information Form, the Illness Perception Questionnaire and the University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale. The forms were administered to the participants in an unoccupied patient room, and the data were collected through face‐to‐face interviews.ResultsThe results of the study revealed that individuals with a chronic disease perceived emotional symptoms accompanying the disease more intensely that they accepted their disease was a chronic one and that their personal control and treatment control of the disease were at a middle level. The mean score the participants obtained from the University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale was 38.49 ± 11.15. There was a significant negative correlation between this mean score and the mean scores obtained from the following subscales consequences, treatment control, illness perception and emotional representations.ConclusionIn this study, it was concluded that the participants perceived their loneliness level as moderate and that their illness perception was negatively affected as their loneliness levels increased.Relevance to clinical practiceThe knowledge of clinical nurses about perception of patients with chronic illnesses and conditions affecting that perception will enhance compliance with the illness management or treatment strategies. Clinical nurses should observe residents closely for signs of depression and loneliness and support their sense of coherence to reduce emotional and social loneliness.
A new approach in exploring satisfaction with nursing care by nurses themselves
Authors: Elayan Rana M , Ahmad Muayyad M 
Published: January 2018

Aims and objectivesTo examine the level of satisfaction with nursing care from nurses’ perspectives, as patients and/or as caregivers for hospitalised relatives.BackgroundMany studies that have examined patients’ satisfaction with nursing care in Jordan and worldwide found high ratings of satisfaction with nursing care among patients. These ratings may be inflated because patients, as the recipients of care, are often unequipped to judge specific aspects of care, unless the patient is also a nurse.MethodsA descriptive cross‐sectional design was used. Data were collected using the Patients Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire. The total sample size was 231 registered nurses from eight hospitals in Jordan. All participating nurses had either experienced hospitalisation for a minimum of 24 hr for themselves or as caregivers for one of their close relatives, currently or within the last year.ResultsThe average age of participants was 31.7 (SD = 0.40) years. Most of the participants were female with <10 years of work experience. The average score for the level of satisfaction was 2.96 of 5, which reflects a moderate level of satisfaction with nursing care. None of the 19 items of the satisfaction scale exceeded the moderate level. The highest mean score of satisfaction level was 3.20 (SD = 1.17) for the skills and competence of nurses, while the lowest mean score was 2.68 (1.22) for the coordination of care after discharge.ConclusionNurses as patients and/or caregivers evaluated the nursing care during their hospitalisation differently in comparison with public patients. The findings indicated that nurses perceived only moderate levels of satisfaction when undergoing experiences of hospitalisation.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings from this study may help nurses to become more alert for meeting the patients’ needs as desired under the best practice.
“There's no acknowledgement of what this does to people”: A qualitative exploration of mental health among parents of children with critical congenital heart defects
Authors: Woolf‐King Sarah E , Arnold Emily , Weiss Sandra , Teitel David 
Published: January 2018

Aims and objectivesThe purpose of this study was to explore the psychological impact of parenting a child with a critical congenital heart defect and the feasibility and acceptability of integrating psychological services into paediatric cardiology care.BackgroundChildren with critical congenital heart defect are at an increased risk for long‐term behavioural, social and emotional difficulties. Data suggest that this risk is partially attributable to parental mental health, which is a stronger predictor of long‐term behavioural problems in congenital heart defect children than disease‐specific and surgical factors. Parental stress and mental health are thus important intervention targets, especially among high‐risk families.DesignThis article presents data from a qualitative study with 25 congenital heart defect parents (n = 15) and providers (n = 10).MethodsUsing thematic analysis, semi‐structured in‐depth interviews were transcribed and coded by the first and second author to identify major themes and subthemes.ResultsResults of the interviews were organised into four major themes: (i) the psychological impact of parenting a child with critical congenital heart defect, (ii) factors that influence the psychological impact of parenting a child with critical congenital heart defect, (iii) how and when to psychologically support congenital heart defect parents and (iv) feasibility and acceptability of integrating psychological support into congenital heart defect care. Providers and parents endorsed the integration of mental health treatment into routine congenital heart defect care and identified several practical issues related to feasibility (e.g., funding and space) that should be considered prior to implementation.ConclusionsParents of children with critical congenital heart defect need access to mental health services, and integrating these services into routine paediatric cardiology care is a novel and practical way for parents to receive the treatment they need.Relevance to clinical practiceSuggestions for how the field of paediatric cardiology could begin to integrate mental health services into congenital heart defect treatment are provided.