bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of gut Bifidobacterium population in healthy Japanese infants over the first three years of life: a quantitative assessment
Authors: Nagpal Ravinder , Kurakawa Takashi , Tsuji Hirokazu , Takahashi Takuya , Kawashima Kazunari , Nagata Satoru , Nomoto Koji , Yamashiro Yuichiro 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBifidobacteria are important members of human gut microbiota; however, quantitative data on their early-life dynamics is limited. Here, using a sensitive reverse transcription-qPCR approach, we demonstrate the carriage of eight signature infant-associated Bifidobacterium species (B. longum, B. breve, B. bifidum, B. catenulatum group, B. infantis, B. adolescentis, B. angulatum and B. dentium) in 76 healthy full-term vaginally-born infants from first day to three years of life. About 21% babies carry bifidobacteria at first day of life (6.2 ± 1.9 log10 cells/g feces); and this carriage increases to 64% (8.0 ± 2.2), 79% (8.5 ± 2.1), 97% (9.3 ± 1.8), 99% (9.6 ± 1.6), and 100% (9.7 ± 0.9) at age 7 days, 1, 3 and 6 months, and 3 years, respectively. B. longum, B. breve, B. catenulatum group and B. bifidum are among the earliest and abundant bifidobacterial clades. Interestingly, infants starting formula-feed as early as first week of life have higher bifidobacterial carriage compared to exclusively breast-fed counterparts. Bifidobacteria demonstrate an antagonistic correlation with enterobacteria and enterococci. Further analyses also reveal a relatively lower/ delayed bifidobacterial carriage in cesarean-born babies. The study presents a quantitative perspective of the early-life gut Bifidobacterium colonization and shows how factors such as birth and feeding modes could influence this acquisition even in healthy infants.
Monolithically multi-color lasing from an InGaN microdisk on a Si substrate
Authors: Athanasiou M. , Smith R. M. , Pugh J. , Gong Y. , Cryan M. J. , Wang T. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAn optically pumped multi-color laser has been achieved using an InGaN/GaN based micro-disk with an undercut structure on a silicon substrate. The micro-disk laser has been fabricated by means of a combination of a cost-effective microsphere lithography technique and subsequent dry/wet etching processes. The microdisk laser is approximately 1 μm in diameter. The structure was designed in such a way that the vertical components of the whispering gallery (WG) modes formed can be effectively suppressed. Consequently, three clean lasing peaks at 442 nm, 493 nm and 522 nm have been achieved at room temperature by simply using a continuous-wave diode laser as an optical pumping source. Time–resolved micro photoluminescence (PL) measurements have been performed in order to further confirm the lasing by investigating the excitonic recombination dynamics of these lasing peaks. A three dimensional finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) simulation has been used for the structure design.
Tracheal reconstruction with a free vascularized myofascial flap: preclinical investigation in a porcine model to human clinical application
Authors: Kim Won Shik , Chang Jae Won , Jang Woo Soon , Seo Young Joon , Kang Mi-Lan , Sung Hak-Joon , Kim Da Hee , Kim Jung Min , Park Jae Hong , Ban Myung Jin , Na Gina , Shin Seung Ho , Byeon Hyung Kwon , Koh Yoon Woo , Kim Se-Heon , Baik Hong Koo , Choi Eun Chang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAlthough there are various methods for tracheal reconstruction, such as a simple approximation with suturing and coverage with adjacent soft tissue or muscle, large defects >50% of the tracheal length still present a clinical challenge. Tissue engineering, a recent promising way to possibly resolve this problem, requires a long preparatory period for stem cell seeding on a scaffold and relatively invasive procedures for stem cell harvesting. As an alternative, we used a vascularized myofascial flap for tracheal reconstruction. In four porcine models, the deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) was used in two and the superior epigastric artery perforator (SEAP) in two. Transformation of the surface of the transplanted myofascial flap was analyzed in the airway environment. The flaps failed in the DIEP group due to venous congestion. At 12 weeks postoperatively, none of SEAP group showed any signs of respiratory distress; the inner surface of the implant exhibited stratified squamous epithelium with sparse cilia. In the clinical setting, a patient who underwent a tracheal reconstruction with a vascularized myofascial flap and 2-year follow-up was in good health with no respiratory distress symptoms.
Effects of twin orientation and spacing on the mechanical properties of Cu nanowires
Authors: Yang Zhenyu , Zheng Lingli , Yue Yonghai , Lu Zixing 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe role of twin orientation in mechanical behaviors of nanomaterials is drawing increasing attention. In this paper, atomistic simulations on the tensile deformation of twinned Cu nanowires (NWs) are implemented to investigate the twin orientation and spacing effects. The results of numerical simulations reveal that the tensile deformation mechanisms can be divided into three types with the twin orientation varying from 0° to 90°: dislocations slip intersecting with twin boundary (TB), stacking faults formed parallel to the TB and TB migration. Detail analysis about dislocation motion is carried out to illustrate the plastic deformation mechanisms. In addition, with the increasing of the TB spacing, there is a transition from yield with strain hardening to yield with nearly constant flow stress. The peak stress decreases with the increase of TB spacing, which can be attributed to surface roughness caused by crystal reorientation. Our findings also suggest a possible approach to tune the mechanical behaviors of low dimensional nanostructures.
Interferences between breathing, experimental dyspnoea and bodily self-consciousness
Authors: Allard Etienne , Canzoneri Elisa , Adler Dan , Morélot-Panzini Capucine , Bello-Ruiz Javier , Herbelin Bruno , Blanke Olaf , Similowski Thomas 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDyspnoea, a subjective experience of breathing discomfort, is a most distressing symptom. It implicates complex cortical networks that partially overlap with those underlying bodily self-consciousness, the experience that the body is one’s own within a given location (self-identification and self-location, respectively). Breathing as an interoceptive signal contributes to bodily self-consciousness: we predicted that inducing experimental dyspnoea would modify or disrupt this contribution. We also predicted that manipulating bodily self-consciousness with respiratory-visual stimulation would possibly attenuate dyspnoea. Twenty-five healthy volunteers were exposed to synchronous and asynchronous respiratory-visual illumination of an avatar during normal breathing and mechanically loaded breathing that elicited dyspnoea. During normal breathing, synchronous respiratory-visual stimulation induced illusory self-identification with the avatar and an illusory location of the subjects’ breathing towards the avatar. This did not occur when respiratory-visual stimulation was performed during dyspnoea-inducing loaded breathing. In this condition, the affective impact of dyspnoea was attenuated by respiratory-visual stimulation, particularly when asynchronous. This study replicates and reinforces previous studies about the integration of interoceptive and exteroceptive signals in the construction of bodily self-consciousness. It confirms the existence of interferences between experimental dyspnoea and cognitive functions. It suggests that respiratory-visual stimulation should be tested as a non-pharmacological approach of dyspnoea treatment.
Paper‐based capillary actuation of liquid metal
Authors: Moorefield M.R. , Ohta A.T. , Shiroma W.A. 
Published: August 2017

A new method of actuating liquid metal using capillary action via paper media is presented. This actuation method uses no electrical power and is capable of moving a liquid‐metal slug up to 3 mm/s. A microstrip transmission line switch was fabricated to demonstrate this new actuation method. This switch has >40 dB isolation and <2 dB insertion loss across a 5‐GHz span.
Design of planar multi‐way differential power division network using double‐sided parallel stripline
Authors: Sun Cheng‐Guang , Li Jia‐Lin 
Published: August 2017

In this Letter, we analyse the double‐sided parallel stripline to realise multi‐way differential power division network. The design equations are detailed. For very high frequency/ultra high frequency (VHF/UHF) band applications, a demonstrator centred at 62.5 MHz with ten pairs of differential outputs, utilising the grounded coplanar waveguide as the output interfaces, is developed. Experimental examinations on the fabricated demonstrator match well with numerical simulations, thus verifying the studies network.
Precipitous Resolution of Type-A Intramural Hematoma with Medical Management in a Patient with Metastatic Stage 4 Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Velasquez Camilo , Bin Mahmood Syed , Zafar Mohammad , Brownstein Adam , Saeyeldin Ayman , Ziganshin Bulat , Elefteriades John 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIntramural hematoma (IMH) is a variant form of aortic dissection characterized by involvement of the aortic media without the presence of an overt intimal flap. Surgical extirpation is the standard of care for type-A IMH in the Western world. However, a conservative approach with anti-impulse therapy has been advocated especially in Japan as a viable alternative. Here, we report a case of an elderly male patient with a history of metastatic stage 4 renal cell carcinoma who was treated with anti-impulse therapy for an acute type-A IMH. Blood pressure stabilization and continuous monitoring resulted in complete resolution of the IMH within 6 days. This report illustrates how immediate medical management in patients with acute type-A IMH who are not surgical candidates can alleviate the progression or even lead to regression as early as 1 week after initiating anti-impulse therapy.
Sleep Disturbance, Cognitive Decline, and Dementia: A Review
Authors: Wu Mark , Rosenberg Paul , Spira Adam , Wennberg Alexandra 
Published: August 2017

AbstractApproximately half of older people report sleep disturbances, which are associated with various health conditions, including neurodegenerative disease and dementia. Indeed, 60 to 70% of people with cognitive impairment or dementia have sleep disturbances, which are linked to poorer disease prognosis. Sleep disturbances in people with dementia have long been recognized and studied; however, in the past 10 years, researchers have begun to study disturbed sleep, including sleep fragmentation, abnormal sleep duration, and sleep disorders, as risk factors for dementia. In this review the authors summarize evidence linking sleep disturbance and dementia. They describe how specific aspects of sleep (e.g., quality, duration) and the prevalence of clinical sleep disorders (e.g., sleep-disordered breathing, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder) change with age; how sleep parameters and sleep disorders are associated with the risk of dementia; how sleep can be disturbed in dementia; and how disturbed sleep affects dementia prognosis. These findings highlight the potential importance of identifying and treating sleep problems and disorders in middle-aged and older adults as a strategy to prevent cognitive decline and dementia. The authors also review recent evidence linking sleep disturbances to the pathophysiology underlying dementing conditions, and briefly summarize available treatments for sleep disorders in people with dementia.
The Role of Iron in Pediatric Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Limb Movements in Sleep
Authors: Felt Barbara , Munzer Tiffany 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRestless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common and treatable neurologic condition in pediatric patients, with a prevalence as high as 2 to 3%. The diagnosis of RLS is made clinically based on an urge to move the legs accompanied by lower extremity discomfort that occurs during rest usually later in the day and is relieved by movement. Periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS) can overlap with RLS, although PLMS also exists as a separate entity characterized by stereotyped movements of lower extremities in sleep. Both conditions may be highly debilitating and interfere with daily function notably in the areas of educational attainment and behavioral regulation. Iron deficiency has been implicated in the pathophysiology of both RLS and PLMS. Current evidence suggests that treatment of ferritin levels < 50 µg/L may be beneficial in improving pediatric RLS symptoms and comorbid conditions or daytime dysfunction associated with RLS. Areas for future research include (1) clarifying the ferritin or other iron status measure level which predicts iron treatment will provide symptom improvement in pediatric patients, and (2) randomized clinical trials using iron therapy to determine the degree and duration of treatment.
Emergency Sleep Medicine
Authors: Guay Christian , Ellenbogen Jeffrey 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSleep is a tranquil process that contributes substantially to our overall health and well-being. Yet sleep creates certain vulnerabilities. These sometimes require urgent management decisions for prehospital emergency medical services and on-call medical providers alike. Some of these emergencies may be directly due to sleep itself, whereas others may result from sleep disorders or a lack of sleep. And then some medical emergencies may occur during sleep by chance. Yet for some of these emergencies, sleep does not necessarily play a benign role. Sleep can mask the emergency—causing a delay in detection, confusion in the diagnosis, or even impede treatment. Finally, some disorders will mimic sleep and thus elude detection. Understanding these core principles will enable medical practitioners to optimize care for patients in emergency situations.
Supplemental Oxygen Study: A Randomized Controlled Study on the Effect of Maternal Oxygen Supplementation during Planned Cesarean Delivery on Umbilical Cord Gases
Authors: Fong Alex , Nageotte Michael , Simon Valeria 
Published: August 2017

Objective The aim was to determine the fetal umbilical blood gas effects of supplemental maternal oxygenation compared with room air (RA) during term planned cesarean delivery.
Methods This is a prospective randomized controlled study of singleton planned cesarean deliveries randomized to receive supplemental oxygen (O2) at 10 L per minute (L/min) via facemask or RA. Umbilical cord gases were collected. The primary outcome was umbilical arterial pH level. Secondary outcomes included umbilical cord values and maternal and neonatal outcomes. Data were expressed as median ± interquartile range (IQR).
Results Seventy subjects in total were enrolled, with 65 subjects available for analysis. The median umbilical arterial pO2 was significantly increased in the supplemental O2 group (18 [13.5–20.5] mm Hg) versus RA group (16 [12–18] mm Hg), p = 0.04). The median umbilical venous pO2 was significantly increased in the supplemental O2 group (32 [26.5–36.0] mm Hg) versus RA group (28.5 [22–34.3] mm Hg), p = 0.04). There were no significant differences with other umbilical blood gas values and composite maternal or neonatal complications.
Conclusion Subjects with term singleton gestations receiving O2 at 10 L/min during cesarean delivery compared with RA demonstrated no significant change in umbilical cord pH values. There was a significant increase in umbilical cord arterial and venous O2 levels in those receiving O2.
Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes of Induction of Labor Compared with Planned Cesarean Delivery in Women with Preeclampsia at 34 Weeks' Gestation or Longer
Authors: Bowers Katherine , Kawakita Tetsuya 
Published: August 2017

Objective This study aims to compare outcomes of induction with planned cesarean in women with preeclampsia.
Study Design A retrospective cohort study, including women with singleton pregnancies, preeclampsia (mild, severe, and superimposed), and without previous cesarean at ≥ 34 weeks' gestation was conducted. Outcomes included primary outcome (intensive care unit [ICU] admission, thromboembolism, transfusion, and hysterectomy), composite severe neonatal outcome (asphyxia, arterial cord pH < 7.0, hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy, and 5-minute Apgar score < 5), neonatal ICU (NICU) admission, transient tachypnea of newborn (TTN), and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, controlling for confounders.
Results Of 5,506 women with preeclampsia at ≥ 34 weeks' gestation, 5,104 (92.7%) women underwent induction. Induction compared with planned cesarean was not associated with an increased risk of the primary outcome but was related to increased risks of ICU admission (aOR: 3.29; 95% CI: 1.02–10.64), and linked to decreased risks of composite neonatal outcome (aOR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.10–0.99), NICU admission (aOR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.43–0.84), TTN (aOR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.22–0.64), and RDS (aOR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.22–0.86).
Conclusion Induction was not associated with an increased risk of the primary outcome but was associated with an increased risk of ICU admission and decreased risks of neonatal outcomes.
Perioperative Antibiotic Choice in Labored versus Unlabored Cesareans and Risk of Postcesarean Infectious Morbidity
Authors: Hopkins Maeve , Dotters-Katz Sarah , Boggess Kim , Heine R. , Smid Marcela 
Published: August 2017

Objective This study aims to estimate postcesarean infectious morbidity in women receiving perioperative β-lactam versus non-β-lactam antibiotics.
Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of the Maternal-Fetal Medicine Unit Cesarean Registry. The exposure was β-lactam perioperative antibiotics versus non-β-lactam regimens at cesarean delivery (CD). We stratified by labored versus unlabored CD. The primary composite outcome included wound infection, seroma, hematoma, endometritis, readmission due to wound complication, or debridement. Multivariable logistic regression estimated odds of wound complication by antibiotic regimen after adjusting for relevant confounders.
Results Our analysis included 43,735 women who delivered via CD, 48% following labor. In both groups, 95% of women received β-lactam antibiotics. In the labored CD group (n = 20,860), there was no significant difference in primary outcome by β-lactam versus non-β-lactam antibiotics (10.5 vs. 9.9%, p = 0.53). In the unlabored CD group (n = 22,875), women receiving non-β-lactam antibiotics were more likely to experience a wound complication compared with those in the β-lactam group (6.2 vs. 4.7%, p = 0.02, adjusted odds ratio: 1.39, 95% confidence interval: 1.08–1.80) after adjustment for clinical confounders.
Conclusion In unlabored CD, non-β-lactam antibiotics have a higher risk of wound complications compared with β-lactam regimens. Further study to optimize antibiotic prophylaxis for β-lactam allergic women undergoing unlabored CD is warranted.
Verletzungen der thorakolumbalen Wirbelsäule im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Ruf Michael , Pitzen Tobias , Obid Peter 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungThorakolumbale Wirbelsäulenverletzungen sind bei Kindern deutlicher seltener als bei Erwachsenen. Entsprechend sind Informationen zu diesem Themenkomplex spärlich. In diesem Artikel sollen vier Aspekte zu thorakolumbalen Frakturen der kindlichen Wirbelsäule näher beleuchtet werden:1. die Epidemiologie von kindlichen thorakolumbalen Verletzungen2. Besonderheiten bei pädiatrischen thorakolumbalen Verletzungen3. spezielle Aspekte der Diagnostik4. Therapie der kindlichen thorakolumbalen Verletzungen
Ursachen, Diagnose und Therapie der negativen Dysphotopsie
Authors: Wenzel Martin , Langenbucher Achim , Eppig Timo 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungDie negative Dysphotopsie (ND) ist ein dunkler, manchmal gebogener Schatten im temporalen Gesichtsfeld, der nach einer Kataraktoperation auftritt und die Betroffenen sehr stören kann. Von R. Olson wurde er als „the number one troublesome complaint after uneventful cataract surgery“ bezeichnet. Die Ätiologie ist nicht geklärt und Thema teils kontroverser Diskussionen. Sie liegt wohl in einer geringen Veränderung des Abbildungsmaßstabs durch die neue Linse. Hierdurch kann es zu einer geringfügigen Verschiebung des zum blinden Fleck und zu den zentralen Gefäßen korrespondierenden Objektraums kommen, sodass diese vorübergehend teilweise bemerkt werden. Bis dato wurden keine definitiven Kriterien für die Diagnostik einer ND veröffentlicht. Auf der Basis unserer Erfahrungen der letzten 2 Jahre mit 77 Augen (55 Patienten) von 6031 Kataraktoperationen sind folgende Punkte zur Sicherung der Diagnose wichtig: 1) Störendes dunkles Areal im temporalen Gesichtsfeld nach einer Kataraktoperation mit Linsenimplantation. 2) Fehlen von objektivierbaren Ursachen wie Glaskörpertrübungen, Netzhautschädigungen oder eines verifizierten Gesichtsfelddefekts. 3) Der Schatten wird bei etwa 60 – 90° peripher vermutet. 4) Er lässt sich objektiv zwischen 10 und 25° im temporalen Gesichtsfeld nachweisen. 5) Er ist nicht immer sichtbar: Bei seitlicher Beleuchtung wird er abgeschwächt oder verschwindet. 6) Die ND wird durch den Ausgleich von auch nur geringen Refraktionsfehlern gebessert oder verschwindet ganz. 7) Die ND wird abgeschwächt oder verschwindet durch seitliche „Scheuklappen“, z. B. Hände des Untersuchers. 8) Die ND wird durch Abdecken des Partnerauges abgeschwächt oder sie kann ganz verschwinden. Präoperativ sollte über Dysphotopsien aufgeklärt werden. Als Stufenplan zur Therapie der ND empfehlen wir: 1) Beschwerden ernst nehmen, Patienten aufklären und beruhigen. 2) Bei persistierenden Beschwerden: Tragen einer Brille auch bei kleinsten Refraktionsfehlern so lange, bis die ND verschwunden ist. 3) Wenn die Brille nicht getragen werden will oder nicht zur Besserung der ND führt, half bei 2 unserer Patienten eine mehrwöchige Okklusionstherapie. Eine Revisionsoperation war so nie nötig.