bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrathin Co3O4 Layers Realizing Optimized CO2 Electroreduction to Formate
Authors: Gao Shan , Jiao Xingchen , Sun Zhongti , Zhang Wenhua , Sun Yongfu , Wang Chengming , Hu Qitao , Zu Xiaolong , Yang Fan , Yang Shuyang , Liang Liang , Wu Ju , Xie Yi 
Published: November 2015

AbstractElectroreduction of CO2 into hydrocarbons could contribute to alleviating energy crisis and global warming. However, conventional electrocatalysts usually suffer from low energetic efficiency and poor durability. Herein, atomic layers for transition‐metal oxides are proposed to address these problems through offering an ultralarge fraction of active sites, high electronic conductivity, and superior structural stability. As a prototype, 1.72 and 3.51 nm thick Co3O4 layers were synthesized through a fast‐heating strategy. The atomic thickness endowed Co3O4 with abundant active sites, ensuring a large CO2 adsorption amount. The increased and more dispersed charge density near Fermi level allowed for enhanced electronic conductivity. The 1.72 nm thick Co3O4 layers showed over 1.5 and 20 times higher electrocatalytic activity than 3.51 nm thick Co3O4 layers and bulk counterpart, respectively. Also, 1.72 nm thick Co3O4 layers showed formate Faradaic efficiency of over 60 % in 20 h.
Oil sorbers based on renewable sources and coffee grounds
Authors: Marques Fernanda D. , Souza Fernando G. , Oliveira Geiza E. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThis work presents useful composites for oil spill cleanup processes. These systems are composed of a polyester matrix loaded with coffee ground powder and maghemite. They were prepared by in situ polymerization. The aliphatic monomers proportion—castor oil and glycerin—was studied with the aim of understanding the effect of feed ratio on the product properties. The materials were studied using several techniques, including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Ultraviolet‐visible Spectrophotometry, and Wide Angle X‐ray Scattering, with magnetic force tests used for the characterization of materials. Density tests showed the presence of coffee grounds causes an important reduction in the density values of composites, improving their flotation. The interaction between composites and petroleum is more than twice that between composites and water. Moreover, for all magnetizable composites, the removal capability was (25.1 ± 1.2) g/g (petroleum/composite), allowing us to state that this is a promising material for use in oil spill cleanup processes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43127.
Switchable surfaces from highly hydrophobic to highly hydrophilic using covalent imine bonds
Authors: Godeau Guilhem , Darmanin Thierry , Guittard Frédéric 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThe formation of materials with switchable wettability is extremely important for various applications such as in separation membranes or liquid transportation. Here, we report for the first time the use of imine bonds in order to prepare switchable hydrophobic/hydrophilic surfaces. Based on a poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) surface bearing amino groups, imination reaction allows for reversible functionalization of surfaces with various carbonyl groups. Here, surfaces functionalization induces high hydrophobic properties while the surface structures are preserved. This reaction can be a choice method to prepare switchable surfaces for a large range of applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43130.
Emulsifier‐free poly[2‐(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] microgels with cationic quaternary ammonium monomers
Authors: Karabacak R. Bengü 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTAlthough poly[2‐(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PDEA) microgels are biocompatible and show potential in drug delivery, little research exists with respect to their preparation. Therefore, emulsifier‐free PDEA microgels were synthesized in the presence of cationic ammonium salts of 2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMA) that were quaternized with 1‐bromohexadecane, 1‐bromooctadecane, 1‐bromopentane, or benzyl chloride. These served as both comonomers and polymerizable surfactants, providing colloidal stability to the DEA droplets during polymerization. The stability of the microgel particles in different pH values between 4 and 11 was investigated by turbidity–wavelength measurements. The benzyl group containing monomer was the most stabilizing. The pH‐responsive behavior of the microgels in dilute aqueous solution was examined with respect to the amount of DEA, amount of copolymer, type of copolymer, and water content. Most of the microgels remain colloidally stable up to a pH of 9.0, while particles are less than 300 nm in size at pH 8.0. The isoelectric points of the microgels are higher than 8.5 in most cases. In fact, this value exceeds 12.0 by modifying the amount of copolymer. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43196.
Histological Development of the Immune Tissues of a Marsupial, the Red‐Tailed Phascogale (Phascogale calura)
Authors: Borthwick Casey R. , Old Julie M. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTRed‐tailed phascogale (Phascogale calura) pouch young at birth were relatively underdeveloped in comparison with their eutherian counterparts, and the lymphoid tissues of the immune system were found to be histologically immature. The phascogale thymus rapidly developed in the first few days of pouch life and was quickly populated with lymphocytes. By the end of pouch life, involution of the thymus was underway. The bone marrow started to develop in the early stage of pouch life, although adipocytes and megakaryocytes were not observed until slightly later. The liver was hematopoietic from birth and reached histological maturity toward the end of pouch life. The lymph nodes were difficult to detect macroscopically because of their small size, but were easily identified microscopically later in pouch life, particularly in the mesentery, and these lymph nodes exhibited germinal centers by the end of pouch life. The early spleen was predominately mesenchymal, but exhibited some erythropoiesis. Follicles with well‐developed germinal centers were not observed until the latest stage of pouch life. Although intraepithelial lymphocytes were detected in the intestines early in pouch life, the discrete lymphoid aggregates and Peyer's patches characteristic of the gut‐associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) were not detected until later in pouch life. This is the first report of histological development in phascogale pouch young, as well as the first report of the thymus, bone marrow, and lymph nodes in this dasyurid species at any age. Anat Rec, 299:207–219, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Blue emitting ZnO nanostructures grown through cellulose bio‐templates
Authors: Oudhia Anjali , Sharma Savita , Kulkarni Pragya , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis paper presents a green and cost‐effective recipe for the synthesis of blue‐emitting ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) using cellulose bio‐templates. Azadirachta indica (neem) leaf extract prepared in different solvents were used as biological templates to produce nanostructures of wurtzite ZnO with a particle size ~12–36 nm. A cellulose‐driven capping mechanism is used to describe the morphology of ZnO NPs. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra‐red (FTIR) and photoluminescence (PL) studies showed that solvents affect the growth process and the capping mechanism of bio‐template severely. Structural changes in ZnO NPs were evident with variation in pH, dielectric constants (DC) and boiling points (BP) of solvents. Furthermore, an energy band model is proposed to explain the origin of the blue emission in the as‐obtained ZnO NPs. PL excitation studies and the theoretical enthalpy values of individual defects were used to establish the association between the interstitial‐zinc‐related defect levels and the blue emission. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of the binding of paylean and DNA by fluorescence, UV spectroscopy and molecular docking techniques
Authors: Zhou Huifeng , Bi Shuyun , Wang Yu , Zhao Tingting 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe interaction of paylean (PL) with calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy, UV absorption, melting studies, ionic strength, viscosity experiments and molecular docking under simulated physiological conditions. Values for the binding constant Ka between PL and DNA were 5.11 × 103, 2.74 × 103 and 1.74 × 103 L mol–1 at 19, 29 and 39°C respectively. DNA quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of PL via a static quenching procedure as shown from Stern–Volmer plots. The relative viscosity and the melting temperature of DNA were basically unchanged in the presence of PL. The fluorescence intensity of PL–DNA decreased with increasing ionic strength. The value of Ka for PL with double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) was larger than that for PL with single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA). All the results revealed that the binding mode was groove binding, and molecular docking further indicated that PL was preferentially bonded to A–T‐rich regions of DNA. The values for ΔH, ΔS and ΔG suggested that van der Waals forces or hydrogen bonding might be the main acting forces between PL and DNA. The binding distance was determined to be 3.37 nm based on the theory of Förster energy transference, which indicated that a non‐radiation energy transfer process occurred. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Migrated Hopene Synthases from Colysis pothifolia and Identification of a Migration Switch Controlling the Number of 1,2‐Hydride and Methyl Shifts
Authors: Shinozaki Junichi , Hiruta Masayoshi , Okada Takayuki , Masuda Kazuo 
Published: November 2015

AbstractFerns are known to produce triterpenes, derived from squalene, that are synthesized by squalene cyclases (SCs). Among these, Colysis species produce onoceroids, the bis‐cyclic skeleton of which can be cyclized from both termini of squalene. To gain insight into the molecular basis of triterpene structural diversity, cDNA cloning of SCs from C. elliptica and C. pothifolia was performed; this leads to the isolation of five SC cDNAs. Functional analysis of these clones revealed their enzymatic products to be hop‐22(29)‐ene, α‐polypodatetraene, and hop‐17(21)‐ene. One of these clones (CPF) is a transcribed pseudogene with a 22‐nucleotide deletion causing a nonsense mutation. To predict the inherent function of CPF, we constructed an insertion mutant of CPF that successfully converted inert CPF to the active SC, the product of which is fern‐9(11)‐ene. Subsequent mutations identified active‐site residues that control the number of 1,2‐hydride and methyl shifts.
Large‐scale mitochondrial DNA deletion underlying familial multiple system atrophy of the cerebellar subtype
Authors: Alsemari Abdulaziz , Al‐hindi Hindi Nasser 
Published: November 2015

Key Clinical MessageA family with mitochondrial inheritance of multiple system atrophy of the cerebellar subtype. MRI brain shows significant cerebellar atrophy with mild pontine atrophy and the classical hot cross bun sign in Pons. The muscle biopsy was indicative of mitochondrial myopathy. Mitochondrial DNA analysis revealed a low‐level large mtDNA deletion, m.3264_1607del12806 bp.
Progression of a hepatosplenic gamma delta T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma on hyperCVAD/MTX and ara‐C: literature review and our institutional treatment approach
Authors: Saste Abhijit , Arias‐Stella Javier , Kuriakose Philip 
Published: November 2015

Key Clinical MessageA 24‐year‐old male presented with abdominal pain, fever, and palpable splenomegaly. His differential count revealed myelocytes, metamyelocytes, and nucleated red cells. A bone marrow biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of hepatosplenic gamma delta T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma. We describe here our center's diagnostic and treatment approach for this rare leukemia.
Poncet's disease mimicking rheumatoid arthritis in a patient with suspected Crohn's disease
Authors: Ariza‐Prota Miguel , Pando‐Sandoval Ana , García‐Clemente Marta , Casan Pere 
Published: November 2015

Key Clinical MessagePoncet's disease is a rarely reported entity with an unknown pathogenesis. However, because it has a very favorable prognosis with antituberculosis drugs, we believe it should be considered as a differential diagnosis for patients with fever and polyarthritis of unknown cause, particularly if active tuberculosis is suspected.
Performance of the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC)/Proton‐Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) Hybrid System
Authors: Tan Ling Jun , Yang Chen , Zhou Nana 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAn innovative hybrid power generation system involving a structure‐solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and a proton‐exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is established. A high‐temperature SOFC is not only used to produce electricity, but also supplies the reformed gas to a PEMFC to generate extra electricity simultaneously. A steady‐state thermodynamic model of the SOFC‐PEMFC hybrid system is verified based on the mass and energy balance and the electrochemistry theory. A parametric study is carried out to analyze the effects of various parameters on the performance of the hybrid system. The SOFC operating temperature and the steam‐to‐carbon ratio have a positive impact on the power output and overall efficiency of the system. The operating pressure benefits the system power output but not the overall efficiency. An optimum SOFC fuel utilization factor exists at the highest value of the power output and overall efficiency of the hybrid system.
Catalytic Activity of Cationic and Neutral Silver(I)–XPhos Complexes with Nitrogen Ligands or Tolylsulfonate for Mannich and Aza‐Diels–Alder Coupling Reactions
Authors: Grirrane Abdessamad , Álvarez Eleuterio , García Hermenegildo , Corma Avelino 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCationic and neutral silver(I)–L complexes (L=Buchwald‐type biaryl phosphanes) with nitrogen co‐ligands or organosulfonate counter ions have been synthesised and characterised through their structural and spectroscopic properties. At room temperature, both cationic and neutral silver(I)–L complexes are extremely active catalysts in the promotion of the single and double A3 coupling of terminal (di)alkynes, pyrrolidine and formaldehyde. In addition, the aza‐Diels–Alder two‐ and three‐component coupling reactions of Danishefsky’s diene with an imine or amine and aldehyde are efficiently catalysed by these cationic or neutral silver(I)–L complexes. The solvent influences the catalytic performance due to limited complex solubility or solvent decomposition and reactivity. The isolation of new silver(I)–L complexes with reagents as ligands lends support to mechanistic proposals for such catalytic processes. The activity, stability and metal–distal arene interaction of these silver(I)–L catalysts have been compared with those of analogous cationic gold(I) and copper(I) complexes.
Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,3‐Diaminotruxillic Acid Derivatives: An Advantageous Combination of CH‐ortho‐Palladation and On‐Flow [2+2]‐Photocycloaddition in Microreactors
Authors: Serrano Elena , Juan Alberto , García‐Montero Angel , Soler Tatiana , Jiménez‐Márquez Francisco , Cativiela Carlos , Gomez M. Victoria , Urriolabeitia Esteban P. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe stereoselective synthesis of ε‐isomers of dimethyl esters of 1,3‐diaminotruxillic acid in three steps is reported. The first step is the ortho‐palladation of (Z)‐2‐aryl‐4‐aryliden‐5(4H)‐oxazolones 1 to give dinuclear complexes 2 with bridging carboxylates. The reaction occurs through regioselective activation of the ortho‐CH bond of the 4‐arylidene ring in carboxylic acids. The second step is the [2+2]‐photocycloaddition of the CC exocyclic bonds of the oxazolone skeleton in 2 to afford the corresponding dinuclear ortho‐palladated cyclobutanes 3. This key step was performed very efficiently by using LED light sources with different wavelengths (465, 525 or 625 nm) in flow microreactors. The final step involved the depalladation of 3 by hydrogenation in methanol to afford the ε‐1,3‐diaminotruxillic acid derivatives as single isomers.
Rapid Non‐Crosslinking Aggregation of DNA‐Functionalized Gold Nanorods and Nanotriangles for Colorimetric Single‐Nucleotide Discrimination
Authors: Wang Guoqing , Akiyama Yoshitsugu , Takarada Tohru , Maeda Mizuo 
Published: November 2015

AbstractGold nanoparticles modified with DNA duplexes are rapidly and spontaneously aggregated at high ionic strength. In contrast, this aggregation is greatly suppressed when the DNA duplex has a single‐base mismatch or a single‐nucleotide overhang located at the outermost surface of the particle. These colloidal features emerge irrespective of the size and composition of the particle core; however, the effects of the shape remain unexplored. Using gold nanorods and nanotriangles (nanoplatelets), we show herein that both remarkable rapidity in colloidal aggregation and extreme susceptibility to DNA structural perturbations are preserved, regardless of the shape and aspect ratio of the core. It is also demonstrated that the DNA‐modified gold nanorods and nanotriangles are applicable to naked‐eye detection of a single‐base difference in a gene model. The current study corroborates the generality of the unique colloidal properties of DNA‐functionalized nanoparticles, and thus enhances the feasibility of their practical use.
Conversion of Biomass Derivatives to Electricity in Photo Fuel Cells using Undoped and Tungsten‐doped Bismuth Vanadate Photoanodes
Authors: Zhang Bingqing , Shi Jingying , Ding Chunmei , Chong Ruifeng , Zhang Bao , Wang Zhiliang , Li Ailong , Liang Zhenxing , Liao Shijun , Li Can 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe photo fuel cell (PFC) is a promising technology for simultaneously converting solar energy and bioenergy into electricity. Here, we present a miniature air‐breathing PFC that uses either BiVO4 or W‐doped BiVO4 as the photoanode and a Pt/C catalyst as the air‐breathing cathode. The PFC exhibited excellent performance under solar illumination and when fed with several types of biomaterial. We found the PFC performance could be significantly enhanced using W‐doping into the BiVO4 photoanode. With glucose as the fuel and simulated sunlight (AM 1.5 G) as the light source, the open‐circuit voltage increased from 0.74 to 0.92 V, the short‐circuit current density rose from 0.46 to 1.62 mA cm−2, and the maximum power density was boosted from 0.05 to 0.38 mW cm−2, compared to a PFC using undoped BiVO4 as the anode.
Combining the least cost path method with population genetic data and species distribution models to identify landscape connectivity during the late Quaternary in Himalayan hemlock
Authors: Yu Haibin , Zhang Yili , Liu Linshan , Qi Wei , Li Shicheng , Hu Zhongjun 
Published: November 2015

AbstractHimalayan hemlock (Tsuga dumosa) experienced a recolonization event during the Quaternary period; however, the specific dispersal routes are remain unknown. Recently, the least cost path (LCP) calculation coupled with population genetic data and species distribution models has been applied to reveal the landscape connectivity. In this study, we utilized the categorical LCP method, combining species distribution of three periods (the last interglacial, the last glacial maximum, and the current period) and locality with shared chloroplast, mitochondrial, and nuclear haplotypes, to identify the possible dispersal routes of T. dumosa in the late Quaternary. Then, both a coalescent estimate of migration rates among regional groups and establishment of genetic divergence pattern were conducted. After those analyses, we found that the species generally migrated along the southern slope of Himalaya across time periods and genomic makers, and higher degree of dispersal was in the present and mtDNA haplotype. Furthermore, the direction of range shifts and strong level of gene flow also imply the existence of Himalayan dispersal path, and low area of genetic divergence pattern suggests that there are not any obvious barriers against the dispersal pathway. Above all, we inferred that a dispersal route along the Himalaya Mountains could exist, which is an important supplement for the evolutionary history of T. dumosa. Finally, we believed that this integrative genetic and geospatial method would bring new implications for the evolutionary process and conservation priority of species in the Tibetan Plateau.
Matrix quality and disturbance frequency drive evolution of species behavior at habitat boundaries
Authors: Martin Amanda E. , Fahrig Lenore 
Published: November 2015

SummaryPrevious theoretical studies suggest that a species' landscape should influence the evolution of its dispersal characteristics, because landscape structure affects the costs and benefits of dispersal. However, these studies have not considered the evolution of boundary crossing, that is, the tendency of animals to cross from habitat to nonhabitat (“matrix”). It is important to understand this dispersal behavior, because of its effects on the probability of population persistence. Boundary‐crossing behavior drives the rate of interaction with matrix, and thus, it influences the rate of movement among populations and the risk of dispersal mortality. We used an individual‐based, spatially explicit model to simulate the evolution of boundary crossing in response to landscape structure. Our simulations predict higher evolved probabilities of boundary crossing in landscapes with more habitat, less fragmented habitat, higher‐quality matrix, and more frequent disturbances (i.e., fewer generations between local population extinction events). Unexpectedly, our simulations also suggest that matrix quality and disturbance frequency have much stronger effects on the evolution of boundary crossing than either habitat amount or habitat fragmentation. Our results suggest that boundary‐crossing responses are most affected by the costs of dispersal through matrix and the benefits of escaping local extinction events. Evolution of optimal behavior at habitat boundaries in response to the landscape may have implications for species in human‐altered landscapes, because this behavior may become suboptimal if the landscape changes faster than the species' evolutionary response to that change. Understanding how matrix quality and habitat disturbance drive evolution of behavior at boundaries, and how this in turn influences the extinction risk of species in human‐altered landscapes should help us identify species of conservation concern and target them for management.