bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BRD7 mediates hyperglycaemia‐induced myocardial apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress signalling pathway
Authors: Wang Xiao‐meng , Wang Ying‐cui , Liu Xiang‐juan , Wang Qi , Zhang Chun‐mei , Zhang Li‐ping , Liu Hui , Zhang Xin‐yu , Mao Yang , Ge Zhi‐ming 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBromodomain‐containing protein 7 (BRD7) is a tumour suppressor that is known to regulate many pathological processes including cell growth, apoptosis and cell cycle. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress‐induced apoptosis plays a key role in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, the molecular mechanism of hyperglycaemia‐induced myocardial apoptosis is still unclear. We intended to determine the role of BRD7 in high glucose (HG)‐induced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. In vivo, we established a type 1 diabetic rat model by injecting a high‐dose streptozotocin (STZ), and lentivirus‐mediated short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used to inhibit BRD7 expression. Rats with DCM exhibited severe myocardial remodelling, fibrosis, left ventricular dysfunction and myocardial apoptosis. The expression of BRD7 was up‐regulated in the heart of diabetic rats, and inhibition of BRD7 had beneficial effects against diabetes‐induced heart damage. In vitro, H9c2 cardiomyoblasts was used to investigate the mechanism of BRD7 in HG‐induced apoptosis. Treating H9c2 cardiomyoblasts with HG elevated the level of BRD7 via activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and increased ER stress‐induced apoptosis by detecting spliced/active X‐box binding protein 1 (XBP‐1s) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). Furthermore, down‐regulation of BRD7 attenuated HG‐induced expression of CHOP via inhibiting nuclear translocation of XBP‐1s without affecting the total expression of XBP‐1s. In conclusion, inhibition of BRD7 appeared to protect against hyperglycaemia‐induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by inhibiting ER stress signalling pathway.
Pharmacologic therapies for severe steroid refractory hospitalized ulcerative colitis: A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Komaki Yuga , Komaki Fukiko , Micic Dejan , Yamada Akihiro , Suzuki Yasuo , Sakuraba Atsushi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackground and AimA limited option of therapies is available for hospitalized patients with severe steroid refractory ulcerative colitis (UC). Furthermore, there exists a paucity of direct comparisons between them. To provide a comparative evaluation of the efficacy and safety of pharmacologic therapies, we conducted a network meta‐analysis combined with a benefit–risk analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) performed in hospitalized patients with severe steroid refractory UC.MethodsElectronic databases were searched through November 2015 for RCTs evaluating the efficacy of therapies for severe steroid refractory hospitalized UC. The outcomes were clinical response, colectomy free rate, and severe adverse events leading to discontinuation of therapy. The primary endpoints were the rank of therapies based on network meta‐analysis combined with benefit–risk analysis between clinical response and severe adverse events as well as colectomy free rate and severe adverse events.ResultsEight RCTs of 421 patients were identified. Cyclosporine, infliximab, and tacrolimus as well as placebo were included in our analysis. Network meta‐analysis with benefit–risk analysis simultaneously assessing clinical response and severe adverse events demonstrated the rank order of efficacy as infliximab, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, and placebo. Similar analysis for colectomy‐free rate and severe adverse events demonstrated the same rank order of efficacy. The differences among infliximab, cyclosporine, and tacrolimus were small in all analyses.ConclusionThe results of the present comprehensive benefit–risk assessment using network meta‐analysis provide RCT‐based evidence on efficacy and safety of infliximab, cyclosporine, and tacrolimus for hospitalized patients with severe steroid refractory UC.
Children's Experiences of Time When a Parent Travels for Work
Authors: Zvonkovic Anisa M. , Swenson Andrea V. , Cornwell Zoë 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis qualitative study focuses on the different ways time is experienced by children in families who face time challenges because of a family member's job that required work travel. Data are from a family‐level study that includes interviews of all family members older than age 7. Using grounded theory methodology, this study illustrates the ways in which job demands and family processes interact. The analysis centers on 75 children's perspectives from 43 families. Holding together assessments of having enough time while wanting more time with their parents, children express emotion, generally unrecognized by parents, around the topic of family time. Children's experience of time with parents is rushed or calm, depending on the activities done in time and the gender of the parent with whom they spend time. Findings are interpreted through a feminist social constructionist lens.
PANEL DATA MODELS WITH SPATIALLY DEPENDENT NESTED RANDOM EFFECTS
Authors: Fingleton Bernard , Le Gallo Julie , Pirotte Alain 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper focuses on panel data models combining spatial dependence with a nested (hierarchical) structure. We use a generalized moments estimator to estimate the spatial autoregressive parameter and the variance components of the disturbance process. A spatial counterpart of the Cochrane‐Orcutt transformation leads to a feasible generalized least squares procedure to estimate the regression parameters. Monte Carlo simulations show that our estimators perform well in terms of root mean square error compared to the maximum likelihood estimator. The approach is applied to English house price data for districts nested within counties.
How the cheetahs' specialized palate accommodates its abnormally large teeth
Authors: Steenkamp G. , Boy S. C. , van Staden P. J. , Bester M. N. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe term focal palatine erosion was introduced into the literature to describe infection of a palatal depression palatal to the 4th maxillary premolar in cheetahs, previously hypothesized to be of pathological nature or to possibly accommodate the large mandibular molar teeth. Currently, there exists no literature that describes the normal anatomy of the palate of a cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) with specific reference to these structures. The palates of six adult cheetahs, three young cheetah cubs and dry skulls of 27 cheetah, 25 lion (Panthera leo) and 18 leopards (Panthera pardus) were used in this macroscopic and microscopic study which proves the cheetah palate to have not only one but also up to three sets of palatal depressions corresponding to the cusps of the opposing mandibular cheek teeth. The largest depression caudo‐palatal to the maxillary fourth premolar tooth was always associated with a bone depression extending into the zygomatic arch bone, never described before. Through statistical analysis it is proven, for the first time, that cheetah in fact have relative macrodontia as determined by its tooth indices and comparing it to those of other African big cats namely lion and leopard. Up to eight palatal depressions are present on the palates of adult cheetahs and these are described as functional anatomical structures present to accommodate not only one but also all three opposing mandibular cheek teeth cusps. Palatal depressions are formed as the mandibular cheek teeth erupt into final occlusion and are filled up with bone and/or soft tissue after loss of the opposing mandibular teeth or its cusps, further supporting the above hypothesis. Apart from the above, the structural anatomy of the cheetah palate and vomeronasal organ was compared with that of the domestic cat.
Asymmetry of the nasofacial skull in toothed whales (Odontoceti)
Authors: Huggenberger S. , Leidenberger S. , Oelschläger H. H. A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn this study, the nasal asymmetry of odontocetes (toothed whales) was analyzed morphometrically by placing landmarks on photographed nasofacial skulls from 12 different species and genera that belong to four odontocete families. The results show that the degree of asymmetry tends to be linked with the mechanism of click sound generation in odontocetes. The narrow‐banded high‐frequency echolocators, such as Phocoenidae, Inia geoffrensis, Pontoporia blainvillei and Cephalorhynchus commersonii, show a more symmetric skull than the broad‐banded low‐frequency species (most delphinids). Exceptions to this tendency are, for example Kogia sima, with narrow‐banded high‐frequency clicks and a high degree of nasofacial asymmetry, and Feresa attenuata, a delphinid with broad‐banded low‐frequency clicks and a moderate degree of nasofacial asymmetry. Accordingly, there is no consistent functional correlation between click type and skull asymmetry probably because the nasofacial skull does not strictly reflect the anatomy of the sound generating nasal soft structures.
Russian Caucasians have a higher risk of erosive reflux disease compared with East Asians: A direct endoscopic comparison
Authors: Ko S.‐H. , Baeg M. K. , Jung H. S. , Kim P. , Choi M.‐G. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundErosive reflux disease (ERD) is prevalent in the West, and its incidence is increasing in the East. The differences between the West and East, especially in body composition, have not been investigated thoroughly.MethodsSubjects who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy and body composition analysis during health screening were analyzed retrospectively. Russian Caucasians who visited Korea were propensity matched with native Koreans. Endoscopy results were analyzed to identify ERD and gastroesophageal flap valve (GEFV) status. Body composition and laboratory results were compared to identify risk factors for ERD.Key Results32 279 subjects underwent health screening with 1496 Russian Caucasians propensity matched with 1496 Koreans. ERD prevalence was 20.2% for Caucasians and 9.8% for Koreans (P<.001). Caucasians had significantly greater body mass index (BMI) and were more sarcopenic. Significant risk factors for ERD were Caucasian ethnicity (OR 1.629, 95% CI 1.265–2.099, P<.001), male gender (OR 2.374, 95% CI 1.883–2.993, P<.001), greater BMI (OR 1.067, 95% CI 1.041–1.093, P<.001), and abnormal GEFV (OR 2.730, 95% CI 2.194–3.397, P<.001). H. pylori seropositivity (OR 0.614, 95% CI 0.488–0.774, P<.001) and atrophic gastritis (OR 0.547, 95% CI 0.411–0.728, P<.001) were significantly preventive.Conclusions & InferencesCaucasian ethnicity is a significant risk factor for ERD. Greater BMI, male gender and abnormal GEFV are associated with ERD, and H. pylori seropositivity and atrophic gastritis are preventive. Further studies are needed to assess the differences in ERD between Caucasians and East Asians.
Pediatric anaphylaxis in the operating room for anesthesia residents: a simulation study
Authors: Johnston Emily B. , King Collin , Sloane Peter A. , Cox Jerral W. , Youngblood Amber Q. , Lynn Zinkan Jerry , Tofil Nancy M. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryBackgroundPediatric intraoperative emergencies are rare but it is crucial for an anesthesia resident to be proficient in their management. Even the more common emergencies like anaphylaxis may not happen frequently for this proficiency to occur. Simulation increases exposure to these rare events in a safe learning environment to improve skills and build confidence while standardizing curriculum.ObjectiveAnesthesia residents participated in a simulated case of intraoperative pediatric anaphylaxis to evaluate knowledge and performance gaps. The study also sought to determine whether a difference exists between second‐ (CA2) and third‐year (CA3) anesthesia residents when managing pediatric anaphylaxis and cardiopulmonary arrest.MethodsAnesthesia residents completed a standardized programmed simulation of intraoperative anaphylaxis in a 5‐year old undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. Anaphylaxis presented and progressed to bradycardia and pulseless electrical activity if anaphylaxis went unnoticed or untreated. Key time points were recorded. A scripted debriefing and written evaluation followed.ResultsAverage time to diagnose anaphylaxis was 7.6 min, and time to give epinephrine was 6.5 min. Thirty‐five percent of residents started epinephrine infusion following initial bolus. Average time calling for help between CA3 and CA2 residents was 2.5 min vs 5 min (P = 0.01). CA3 residents verbalized a broader differential, including malignant hyperthermia and pneumothorax. Progression to pulseless electrical activity occurred in 65% of sessions prior to epinephrine being administered. No resident initiated chest compressions for bradycardia.ConclusionsImportant performance deficits were seen in senior anesthesia residents during a simulated case of pediatric intraoperative anaphylaxis. Although CA3 performed better, deficits still existed. Anesthesia residents and training programs should partner in developing additional training recognizing anaphylaxis, pulseless electrical activity, and indication for chest compressions in a child.
The δ18O of UST Quartz in Two Porphyry Deposits, China
Authors: Qu Huanchun , Sun Maoyu , Dong Pu 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe unidirectional solidification textures (UST) quartz is generally thought to form from fluids exsolved from shallow intrusions and/or magma chambers, but such an idea is still poorly constrained from the evidence of stable isotopes. In this study, we report for the first time the δ18O of quartz that shows UST from the Qulong Cu–Mo and the Yechangping Mo porphyry deposits in China. The analysis results show that the UST quartz samples from the Qulong deposit have δ18O values ranging from +6.2 ‰ to +7.6 ‰, which are similar to that of quartz phenocrysts (+6.7 ‰ to +7.8 ‰). In contrast, the UST quartz samples from the Yechangping porphyry Mo deposit yield a high δ18O value (+10.0 ‰). The δ18Owater value of Yechangping UST quartz (+8.5 ‰) is also higher than that of Qulong (+4.6 ‰ to +5.8 ‰). Hydrothermal biotite from potassic alteration and sericite from early phyllic alteration at Qulong have similar δ18O values to UST quartz, suggesting the involvement of magmatic fluids during this stage of deposit evolution.
Protocols for treating patients with end‐stage renal disease: a survey of nephrology fellowships
Authors: Perry Maureen Munnelly , Howell Scott , Patel Nipa 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTRationale/backgroundApproximately 14% of Americans are living with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The prevalence of end‐stage renal disease (ESRD), the result of progressing CKD continues to rise by 21,000 per year. Currently, the only antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines for patients with ESRD undergoing dental treatment were published by the AHA in 2003. Presented in three parts, the first and second parts of this study found no consistent protocols amongst U.S. dental schools and U.S. GPRs and AEGDs, respectively. The goal of the third part of the project was to determine the current protocol being used to treat ESRD patients at U.S. nephrology fellowship programs.Methods and materialsAn 18 multiple‐choice question survey was e‐mailed to 130 directors of nephrology fellowships within the U.S. regarding renal treatment protocol details and antibiotic prophylaxis for patients with renal disease.ResultsNote that, 34.6% of respondents reported having an established renal treatment protocol. For programs with a protocol, 69% of programs reported following AHA guidelines.ConclusionThere is a lack of consistent, established protocols amongst U.S. nephrology fellowships. It is suggested that updated and evidence based guidelines for the safe treatment of patients be developed.
Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Tenofovir in the Genital Tract of Male HIV-Infected Patients
Authors: Valade Elodie , Bouazza Naïm , Lui Gabrielle , Illamola Silvia M. , Benaboud Sihem , Treluyer Jean-Marc , Cobat Aurélie , Foissac Frantz , De Sousa Mendes Maïlys , Chenevier-Gobeaux Camille , Suzan-Monti Marie , Rouzioux Christine , Assoumou Lambert , Viard Jean-Paul , Urien Saïk , Ghosn Jade , Hirt Déborah 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTThe aims of this study were to describe the blood plasma (BP) and seminal plasma (SP) pharmacokinetics of tenofovir (TFV) in HIV-1-infected men, to assess the role of genetic polymorphism in the variability of TFV transfer into the male genital tract, and to evaluate the impact of TFV SP exposure on seminal plasma HIV load (spVL). Men from the Evarist-ANRS EP 49 study treated with TFV as part of their antiretroviral therapy were included in the study. A total of 248 and 217 TFV BP and SP concentrations from 129 men were available for the analysis. For pharmacogenetic assessment, a total of 121 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were genotyped. Data were analyzed using a nonlinear mixed-effects modeling approach. TFV pharmacokinetics were best described by a two-compartment model for BP and by an effect compartment with different input and output constants for SP. TFV exposures (area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h [AUC0–24]) were higher in SP than in BP (median AUC0–24, 7.01 versus 2.97 mg · liter−1· h, respectively). The median (range) SP-to-BP AUC0–24ratio was 2.24 (0.53 to 34.13). After correction for multiple testing, none of the SNPs were significantly associated with the TFV transfer rate constant. The impact of the TFV SP AUC0–24or TFV SP-to-BP AUC0–24ratio on spVL was not significant (P= 0.808 and 0.768, respectively). This is the first population model describing TFV pharmacokinetics in the male genital tract. TFV SP concentrations were higher than BP concentrations. Despite TFV SP exposures being higher than BP exposures, an spVL was detectable for 12.2% of the men.
Salvage Therapy with Ceftolozane-Tazobactam for Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections
Authors: Castón Juan José , De la Torre Álvaro , Ruiz-Camps Isabel , Sorlí María Luisa , Torres Vicente , Torre-Cisneros Julián 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

Infections caused by multidrug-resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(MDRPA) present a major problem for therapeutic management. We report here our experience with 12 patients with a severe MDRPA infection (6 of which were pneumonia) who received salvage therapy with ceftolozane-tazobactam after inappropriate empirical treatment and/or suboptimal targeted treatment. Although 10 of the 12 patients (83.3%) experienced septic shock, only 3 patients (25%) died during the follow-up period. Microbiological cure in 7 patients (58.3%) was observed.
Thermoregulation of Biofilm Formation in Burkholderia pseudomallei Is Disrupted by Mutation of a Putative Diguanylate Cyclase
Authors: Plumley Brooke A. , Martin Kevin H. , Borlee Grace I. , Marlenee Nicole L. , Burtnick Mary N. , Brett Paul J. , AuCoin David P. , Bowen Richard A. , Schweizer Herbert P. , Borlee Bradley R. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

Burkholderia pseudomallei
, a tier 1 select agent and the etiological agent of melioidosis, transitions from soil and aquatic environments to infect a variety of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. During the transition from an environmental saprophyte to a mammalian pathogen,
B. pseudomallei
encounters and responds to rapidly changing environmental conditions. Environmental sensing systems that control cellular levels of cyclic di-GMP promote pathogen survival in diverse environments. Cyclic di-GMP controls biofilm production, virulence factors, and motility in many bacteria. This study is an evaluation of cyclic di-GMP-associated genes that are predicted to metabolize and interact with cyclic di-GMP as identified from the annotated genome of
B. pseudomallei
1026b. Mutants containing transposon disruptions in each of these genes were characterized for biofilm formation and motility at two temperatures that reflect conditions that the bacteria encounter in the environment and during the infection of a mammalian host. Mutants with transposon insertions in a known phosphodiesterase (
cdpA
) and a predicted hydrolase (Bp1026b_I2285) gene exhibited decreased motility regardless of temperature. In contrast, the phenotypes exhibited by mutants with transposon insertion mutations in a predicted diguanylate cyclase gene (Bp1026b_II2523) were strikingly influenced by temperature and were dependent on a conserved GG(D/E)EF motif. The transposon insertion mutant exhibited enhanced biofilm formation at 37°C but impaired biofilm formation at 30°C. These studies illustrate the importance of studying behaviors regulated by cyclic di-GMP under varied environmental conditions in order to better understand cyclic di-GMP signaling in bacterial pathogens.

IMPORTANCE
This report evaluates predicted cyclic di-GMP binding and metabolic proteins from
Burkholderia pseudomallei
1026b, a tier 1 select agent and the etiologic agent of melioidosis. Transposon insertion mutants with disruptions in each of the genes encoding these predicted proteins were characterized in order to identify key components of the
B. pseudomallei
cyclic di-GMP-signaling network. A predicted hydrolase and a phosphodiesterase that modulate swimming motility were identified, in addition to a diguanylate cyclase that modulates biofilm formation and motility in response to temperature. These studies warrant further evaluation of the contribution of cyclic di-GMP to melioidosis in the context of pathogen acquisition from environmental reservoirs and subsequent colonization, dissemination, and persistence within the host.
Evidence of an axial magma chamber beneath the ultraslow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge
Authors: Jian Hanchao , Singh Satish C. , Chen Yongshun John , Li Jiabiao 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Ultraslow-spreading ridges are a novel class of spreading centers symbolized by amagmatic crustal accretion, exposing vast amounts of mantle-derived peridotites on the seafloor. However, distinct magmatic centers with high topographies and thick crusts are also observed within the deep axial valleys. This suggests that despite the low overall melt supply, the magmatic process interacting with the tectonic process should play an important role in crustal accretion; however, this has been obscured due to the lack of seismic images of magma chambers. Using a combination of seismic tomography and full waveform inversion of ocean bottom seismometer data from the Southwest Indian Ridge at 50°28′E, we report the presence of a large low-velocity anomaly (LVA) ∼4–9 km below the seafloor, representing an axial magma chamber (AMC) in the lower crust. This suggests that the 9.5-km-thick crust here is mainly formed by a magmatic process. The LVA is overlain by a high-velocity layer, possibly forming the roof of the AMC and defining the base of hydrothermal circulation. The steep velocity gradient just below the high-velocity layer is explained by the ponding of magma at the top of the AMC; this could provide the overpressure for lateral dike propagation along the ridge axis, leading to a complex interaction between magma emplacement, tectonic, and hydrothermal processes, and creating a diversity of seafloor morphology and extremely heterogeneous crust.