bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in the Care of Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer in the Modern Era of Chemotherapy
Authors: Thomas Alexander S. , Tehranifar Parisa , Kwon Wooil , Shridhar Nupur , Sugahara Kazuki N. , Schrope Beth A. , Chabot John A. , Manji Gulam A. , Genkinger Jeanine M. , Kluger Michael D. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionCurrent guidelines for treatment for locally advanced pancreatic cancer recommend chemotherapy ± radiation, or radiation alone when multimodal therapy is contraindicated. In a subset of patients, guideline‐recommended treatment (GRT) achieves sufficient response to qualify for potentially curative resection. This study evaluated trends in treatment utilization and aimed to identify barriers to GRT.MethodsPatients with clinical T4M0 disease in the National Cancer Database from 2010 to 2017 were included. Potential predictors were assessed by relative risk regression with Poisson distribution and compared by log‐link function.ResultsIn total, 28 056 patients met the criteria. Among 17 059 (67.67%) patients treated primarily with chemotherapy, 41.19% also had radiation and 8.89% went onto resection. Many received no cancer‐directed treatment or failed to receive GRT. Another 710 patients had radiation (±surgery) without chemotherapy despite few contraindications to chemotherapy. Over time, patients were more likely to undergo resection after chemotherapy (aRR = 1.58; p < 0.0001) and less likely to have chemoradiation (aRR = 0.78; p < 0.0001) or go untreated (aRR = 0.90; p < 0.0001). Socioeconomic factors (race, education, income, and insurance status) affected the likelihood of receiving chemotherapy and surgery. Median overall survival (OS) was significantly improved for patients treated with chemotherapy and particularly in those patients who went on to receive RT or undergo surgical resection. OS was also longer for patients treated at high‐volume academic centers. Patients insured by Medicaid, Medicare, or those without insurance had worse OS.ConclusionsDespite improvement over time, many patients go untreated. Clinical factors were influential, but the impact of vulnerable social standing suggests persistent inequity in access to care.
Impact of Clostridium difficile Infection Versus Colonization on Postoperative Outcomes After Oncological Colorectal Surgery: An Observational Single‐Center Study With Propensity Score Analysis
Authors: Ong Wee Liam , Morarasu Stefan , Lunca Sorinel , Pruna Romulus Mihaita , Roata Cristian Ene , Dimofte Gabriel Mihail 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere is limited research available concerning the risk anastomotic leakage in the context of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Herein, we aim to elucidate the correlation between CDI, encompassing both preoperative asymptomatic C. difficile carriers (CDC) and postoperative hospital acquired C. difficile infections (HA‐CDI), and the occurrence of anastomotic leakage in patients undergoing oncological colorectal surgery.MethodsThis is an observational, single‐center study. Data were sourced from surgical logs between 2018 and 2023, via the hospital's electronic system. Patients were split into three subgroups: CDC, HA‐CDI, and control group (CG). Groups were compared in terms of patient characteristics, morbidity, and mortality via Fisher's exact test and Kruskal–Wallis test. One‐to‐one propensity score matching was performed to reduce selection bias.ResultsA total of 522 patients were analyzed, split into three subgroups: CDC, n = 35; HA‐CDI, n = 27; CG, n = 460. One‐to‐one propensity score matching reduced the CG to 62 patients. Patients in the HA‐CDI group had higher rates of overall morbidity (p < 0.0001), higher rates of anastomotic leaks (p = 0.002), more surgical site infections (SSI) (p = 0.001), and a longer length of stay (26 vs. 11.2 vs. 9.3 days, p < 0.001), while patients in the CDC group had comparable rates of complications with the CG.ConclusionHA‐CDI is associated with a higher risk of anastomotic leak after oncological colorectal surgery, while asymptomatic CDC do not have higher morbidity and may be operated electively, under standard CD treatment.
Techno‐Functional Properties of Dry and Wet Fractionated Pulse Protein Ingredients
Authors: Hopf Andreas , Agarwal Deepa , Skylas Daniel J. , Whiteway Chris , Buckow Roman , Dehghani Fariba 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTDry fractionation (DF) of pulses is proposed as a more sustainable process than wet fractionation (WF) to create protein ingredients for food applications. To facilitate the use of these ingredients by food manufacturers, it is important to understand the connection between their functional properties and processing methods. This study investigated protein ingredients from faba bean, mung bean, yellow pea and chickpea obtained via milling and air‐classification and commercial WF, comparing them with commercial soy protein concentrate. Functional properties of these ingredients were investigated, including overall solubility, protein solubility, water‐holding, oil‐holding, emulsifying, foaming and rheological properties. DF proteins exhibited higher protein solubility, higher emulsification and lighter colour, while WF proteins demonstrated higher water‐holding capacity. The pasting profiles varied significantly between the two processing methods, with DF proteins exhibiting lower pasting temperatures. However, the gels formed from DF and WF proteins exhibited similar abilities to withstand deformation and retain their structure. The findings highlight that the fractionation method significantly influences the functional properties of protein materials. Dry fractionation may produce materials with high solubility, offering significant potential in food applications.
High benthic community respiration and ecosystem response to phytodetrital input in a subpolar fjord on the West Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Cecchetto Marta M. , Smith Craig R. , Nunnally Clifton C. , Sweetman Andrew K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGlaciomarine fjords dominate the coastal margin of the West Antarctic Peninsula. Studies in similar habitats in the Arctic have shown that benthic biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in inner and middle fjord basins are reduced by turbidity and sedimentation disturbance caused by climate warming–enhanced glacial melting. In contrast, the inner and middle fjord basins along the West Antarctic Peninsula are characterized as productivity and biodiversity hotspots, but benthic ecosystem functions remain unevaluated. In 2015–2016, we conducted sediment respiration and 13C pulse‐chase experiments to assess benthic ecosystem functions along a five‐station transect at ~ 500–600 m depths from the inner Andvord Bay fjord, through to Gerlache Strait, and onto the open continental shelf. Incubation samples from the inner and middle basins of Andvord Bay showed peaks in background seafloor respiration, benthic biomass, and uptake of labeled algal biomass compared to more outlying stations; the continental shelf exhibited the lowest levels of these variables, as well as dissolved inorganic carbon production. Macrofaunal community uptake was responsible for most of the C processing in the inner and middle parts of the fjord (> 45%) while dissolved inorganic carbon was the dominant repository of processed C near the fjord mouth and on the continental shelf (> 80%). The inner parts of Andvord Bay are hotspots of benthic C‐cycling and metabolism, in addition to biodiversity. Ongoing climate warming is likely to negatively impact these inner‐fjord hotspots by increasing meltwater input and sedimentation disturbance, yielding a reduction in the input and recycling of labile detritus at the seafloor in the inner‐middle fjord.
Insights into Advances and Applications of Biomaterials for Nerve Tissue Injuries and Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Pai Varsha , Singh Bhisham Narayan , Singh Abhishek Kumar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe incidence of nerve tissue injuries, such as peripheral nerve injury, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, and various neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), is continuously increasing because of stress, physical and chemical trauma, and the aging population worldwide. Restoration of the damaged nervous system is challenging because of its structural and functional complexity and limited regenerative ability. Additionally, there is no cure available for NDs except for medications that provide symptomatic relief. Stem cells offer an alternative approach for promoting damage repair, but their efficacy is limited by a compromised survival rate and neurogenesis process. To address these challenges, neural tissue engineering has emerged as a promising strategy in which stem cells are seeded or encapsulated within a suitable biomaterial construct, increasing cell survival and neurogenesis. Numerous biomaterials are utilized to create different types of constructs for this purpose. Researchers are trying to develop ideal scaffolds that combine biomaterials, cells, and molecules that exactly mimic the biological and mechanical properties of the tissue to achieve functional recovery associated with neurological dysfunction. This review focuses on exploring the development and applications of different biomaterials for their potential use in the diagnosis, therapy, nerve tissue regeneration, and treatment of neurological disorders.
Blickpunkt Anorganik: Materialien, die Sonne tanken
Authors: Krause Simon 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWerden bestimmte Materialien mit Licht bestrahlt, trennen sich in ihnen die Ladungen. Hält die Trennung lang genug, eignet sich das als Solarbatterie – ein Bauteil, das Sonnenenergie gleichzeitig verwertet und speichert. Nicht nur das: Manche der Substanzen können auch im Dunkeln Wasser spalten.
Maßnahmen finden
Authors: Krutwig Michael 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEin Projekt zeigt, wie mittelständische Unternehmen Kreislaufwirtschaft umsetzen und ihre Mittel effizient einsetzen können. Für die chemische Industrie entwickelte Kennzahlen helfen dabei, die Maßnahmen zu bewerten und die passenden auszuwählen.
Patriotische Elemente in der Clemens‐Winkler‐Sammlung
Authors: Herbig Marcus , Franze Georg , Kroke Edwin , Pohl Norman 
Published: September 2024

AbstractInterdisziplinäre Kommunikation war der Ausgangspunkt, eine neue Gruppe chemischer Elemente kulturhistorisch zu definieren: die der patriotischen Elemente. Gemeinsam ist diesen Elementen der Stolz der Entdeckerinnen und Entdecker auf ihre Herkunft und ihr Vaterland, auf ihre Region, auch auf ihren Arbeitsort und ein damit zum Ausdruck gebrachtes Zusammengehörigkeitsgefühl.
Wie schmeckt der älteste Wein?
Authors: Krüßmann Jan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn einem römischen Grab haben Archäologen einen zweitausend Jahre alten Wein entdeckt. Die chemische Analyse der Flüssigkeit zeigt, ob es sich um Rot‐ oder Weißwein handelt und wo dieser herkommt. Aber warum der Wein sich eine Urne mit den Überresten des Verstorbenen teilt – da sind Chemiker überfragt.
Pharmazeutika als Umweltproblem
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTausende pharmakologisch aktive Substanzen werden regelmäßig genutzt und gelangen somit in die Umwelt. Im Gegensatz zu ihrer Sicherheit für Patient:innen sind die Kollateralschäden in der Biosphäre wenig erforscht.
A conserved odorant receptor tuned to phenylacetaldehyde in Athetis lepigone
Authors: Fan Yiping , Wang Guirong , Liu Yang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractInsects carry out various behaviors, including searching for food, mates, and oviposition sites using their sensitive olfactory systems. Odorant receptors (ORs) play critical roles during odor detection. In this study, we identified an OR (AlepOR14) in Athetis lepigone, which is clustered with a conserved HarmOR42‐lineage in Lepidoptera. We cloned this OR gene and investigated its expression levels using real‐time quantitative PCR. Our results indicated that the expression of AlepOR14 is biased toward antennae, with levels significantly higher in female antennae than in male antennae. Functional analysis using the Xenopus oocytes expression and voltage‐clamp recording system demonstrated that AlepOR14 robustly and sensitively responds to the critical floral scent volatile phenylacetaldehyde (PAA). In behavioral experiments, female adults are attracted by PAA. Our findings improve our general understanding of the relationship between moths and their host plants, and provide an idea for exploiting attractants of A. lepigone for biological control.
Experimental characterization of acoustic damping materials
Authors: Marter Paul , Radtke Lars , Eisenträger Sascha , Düster Alexander , Juhre Daniel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDue to their ease of use and low cost, passive damping methods are a preferred mean for the reduction of noise in many engineering applications. This applies in particular to foam materials, which exhibit good acoustic and mechanical damping properties. The selection of suitable materials is usually carried out experimentally and can be very labor‐intensive and time‐consuming. For this reason, it is helpful to develop qualified numerical methodsthat can be used for material design and selection. Hence, foam materials must be characterized experimentally in order to enable a later comparison with vibroacoustic simulations. This contribution, therefore, aims at providing suitable parameters for the use in numerical analyses and their validation. Firstly, the microstructure of a foam specimen is captured by means of a CT scan. In addition to providing the geometry for the multi‐physics simulations, this measurement is also used to determine characteristic foam features, for example, strut thickness and pore size distribution. In the second step, the frequency‐dependent stiffness and damping properties of the material are determined by a special experimental setup utilizing an electrodynamic shaker. Here, the dynamic system is approximated as a single‐mass oscillator, which is sufficiently accurate for low frequencies. These properties will later be used in the numerical model to evaluate different parameter identification approaches. In the third and last step of the experimental campaign, measurements with an impedance tube are conducted to obtain the coefficient of absorption. This material parameter is particularly suitable for comparing experiments and simulations. Finally, the correlation between the experimental results is examined to provide a deeper understanding of the foam materials.
A rational ansatz for the approximation of Koopman eigenfunctions
Authors: Römer Ulrich J. , Breitenhuber Margarete 
Published: September 2024

AbstractKoopman operator theory offers a basis for the systematic transformation and linearization of complex dynamical systems. We propose a method to approximate eigenfunctions of the Koopman operator for sufficiently smooth, deterministic and autonomous dynamical systems with hyperbolic fixed points in an equation‐based context. Approximations of the eigenfunctions are obtained in form of a rational ansatz whose coefficients are determined by minimizing a residual through a bi‐quadratic optimization problem. In addition, we consider an extension of the Hartman‐Grobman theorem, which was first proposed by Lan and Mezić in 2013, as a linear constraint. The implementation for a damped pendulum shows that the approach works in general, however, the optimization problem is non‐convex and thus sensible w. r. t. initial conditions, and increases proportional to the number of ansatz functions to the power of four.
Computing laminate composite voxel properties using Mirtich formulas
Authors: Lendvai Jonas , Schneider Matti 
Published: September 2024

AbstractComputational homogenization methods offer deeper insights into the mechanical behavior of heterogeneous materials, often exhibiting complex anisotropic properties due to intricate manufacturing processes. Micromechanical techniques exploit the knowledge of the material's microstructure to predict effective behavior. Digital material data, represented as voxels, require processing numerous image points. Despite the computational power of modern fast Fourier transform‐based numerical solvers, performance improvements are still valuable. The composite voxel technique, in its original form, furnishes voxels containing more than one material with a surrogate material law, resulting in higher accuracy. This work contributes to the understanding and application of composite voxels in computational micromechanics by integrating them into a level‐set‐based framework, providing a detailed methodology for deriving laminate composite properties using the formulas of Mirtich, and demonstrating their potential to enhance computational performance through a numerical example.
Principal sensory experiences of forest visitors in four countries, for evidence‐based nature therapy
Authors: Buckley Ralf C. , Cooper Mary‐Ann , Zhong Linsheng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

To advance the theoretical and practical underpinnings for nature therapies, i.e. nature exposure as a means to improve mental health, we compared the most memorable sensory experiences reported by forest tourists in Australia, Chile, China and Japan. Sensory experiences are a fundamental driver of the psychological effects of nature exposure.

We first reviewed relevant research from each country and language. We then conducted 100 on‐site interviews in Australia, 100 in Chile, and >500 in China, and compiled 1000 relevant social media posts from Japan. We analysed these datasets using directed‐content qualitative thematic analyses, both in original languages and in translated texts, and compared outcomes from each country.

The key sensory experiences are universal: sights of plant shapes and colours; sounds of birdsong, running water and rustling leaves; smells of flowers, trees, and earth; taste and temperature of clean air and water; and touch of bark and rocks. Participants gave detailed descriptions of each. These fine‐grained but widespread experiences are our principal finding.

These sensory experiences are at a scale that is broad enough to apply for prescriptible nature therapies in any forested region, but fine enough to be used in future quantitative research to test therapeutic designs, doses and durations. This distinguishes them from prior research, that is either too broad or too fine in scale for practical therapy design.

Future research aiming to maximise the mental health benefits of nature may not need to distinguish different countries and cultures, but may need to differentiate nature experiences more finely and precisely than in most therapy‐related research to date.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Pristine and Nature‐Inspired Hematite (α‐Fe2O3) Nanoparticles and Search for their Photocatalytic Application
Authors: Sarkar Toton , Kundu Sani , Ghorai Gurupada , Sahoo Pratap Kumar , Bhattacharjee Ashis 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe article describes synthesis of green‐mediated hematite nanoparticles (20–30 nm) using Polianthes tuberosa flower extract. Structural, microscopic, and magnetic studies confirm the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles of pure hematite phase. Spectroscopic techniques are employed to identify different electronic transitions and defect levels as well as to estimate the energy bandgap and Urbach energy. A correlation among the particle size, bandgap energy, and Urbach energy is noticed. These hematite nanoparticles act as visible light photocatalyst which degrade dye in aqueous medium without the addition of any additives. The catalyst particle size, catalyst quantity, pH of dye solution, and solution temperature have significant impact on the photodegradation process of dye molecules in aq. solution. All observations advocate that green synthesis of hematite nanoparticles with Polianthes tuberosa flower extract can significantly modulate their optical and photocatalytic properties. These materials may find potential uses in water splitting for hydrogen production and purification of water by removing organic pollutants. The study highlights that using commercially cheap starting materials and extract made from naturally available plant parts, materials having huge application potentials can be synthesized at low cost by the simple green synthesis approach.
Prognostic model for second progression‐free survival and overall survival in patients with high‐risk metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer treated with abiraterone acetate and androgen deprivation therapy
Authors: Narita Shintaro , Yanagisawa Takafumi , Hatakeyama Shingo , Hata Kenichi , Fujita Kazutoshi , Ueda Takashi , Tanaka Toshikazu , Maita Shinya , Chiba Shuji , Sato Hiromi , Sekine Yuya , Kobayashi Mizuki , Kashima Soki , Yamamoto Ryohei , Numakura Kazuyuki , Saito Mitsuru , Takayama Koichiro , Okane Katsumi , Ishida Toshiya , Horikawa Yohei , Kumazawa Teruaki , Shimoda Jiro , Iwabuchi Ikuya , Suzuki Takehiro , Ukimura Osamu , Kimura Takahiro , Ohyama Chikara , Nomura Kyoko , Habuchi Tomonori 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundTo develop and validate a prognostic risk model for high‐risk metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) patients treated with upfront abiraterone acetate (ABI).MethodsThis retrospective multicenter study involved 233 high‐risk mHSPC patients who received upfront ABI, developed by three academic centers. The model was externally validated with an independent cohort of 282 patients. To identify independent prognostic factors for second progression‐free survival (PFS2) and develop the best‐fitted model, Cox proportional hazards regression, followed by the Akaike information criterion, was used. Patients were categorized into three groups based on their risk scores. PFS2 and overall survival (OS) were evaluated according to the risk groups in the discovery and validation cohorts.ResultsThe median age was 72 (range 51–89) years, with a median follow‐up duration of 27 months. Independent factors linked to PFS2 included an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥2, a primary Gleason score of 5, an extent of disease score of ≥3 or liver metastasis, and lactate dehydrogenase >220 U/L. Median PFS2 for favorable‐, intermediate‐, and poor‐risk groups were not reached, 43 months, and 16 months, respectively. The median OS was 29 months in the poor‐risk group, whereas it was not reached in the favorable‐ and intermediate‐risk groups. The 2‐year OS rates in the favorable‐, intermediate‐ and poor‐risk groups were 94.5%, 80.1%, and 60.3%, respectively. The validation cohort confirmed the risk model's relationship with PFS2 and OS. The median PFS2 and OS in the high‐risk group were 21 months and 32 months, respectively.ConclusionsOur prognostic model, including five clinical factors, is useful for patient care and treatment selection in high‐risk mHSPC patients treated with ADT plus ABI. The developed model could provide more accurate information, guide treatment decisions, or classify patients in future clinical trials.