bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Lower Tear Meniscus
Authors: Wei Anji , Le Qihua , Hong Jiaxu , Wang Wentao , Wang Fei , Xu Jianjiang 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To evaluate the applicability of the fourth-generation OCULUS keratograph in measuring lower tear meniscus height.

Methods
Seventy cases (140 eyes) with dry eye disease and 37 controls (74 eyes) were enrolled. Tear breakup time (TBUT), Schirmer test I, and corneal fluorescein staining were examined. The images of lower tear meniscus were obtained by OCULUS keratograph. The tear meniscus height was measured and its correlation with traditional tear film diagnostic tests were analyzed.

Results
Using the hyper-reflective lines, the height of the tear meniscus was measured using the images of the OCULUS keratograph. For the inter-individual variation, the intraclass correlation coefficients and coefficient of variation values were 0.914 and 16.4%, respectively. For the intra-individual variation, the intraclass correlation coefficients and coefficient of variation values were 0.939 and 15.9%, respectively. The interobserver reproducibility and the intraobserver repeatability were for the control only. The average tear meniscus height value in dry eye disease group was 0.22 (0.19–0.24) mm, being significantly lower compared with 0.29 (0.26–0.34) mm in the control group (p<0.001). Tear meniscus height value had significantly correlation with TBUT and Schirmer test I (r=0.619 and 0.626, both p<0.001). The measurement of lower tear meniscus by OCULUS had lower individual variability and better repeatability.

Conclusions
OCULUS keratograph is a quick, noninvasive, and reliable method to measure lower tear meniscus, whose value has a significant correlation with traditional dry eye disease diagnostic tests.
Script Concordance Testing to Determine Infant Lumbar Puncture Practice Variation
Authors: Chime Nnenna Ogochukwu , Pusic Martin V. , Auerbach Marc , Mehta Renuka , Scherzer Daniel J. , Van Ittersum Wendy , McAninch Brett , Fein Daniel M. , Seelbach Elizabeth , Zaveri Pavan , Jackson Jennifer M. , Kessler David , Chang Todd P. 
Published: September 2016

Objectives
Script concordance testing (SCT) is used to assess clinical decision-making. We explore the use of SCT to (1) quantify practice variations in infant lumbar puncture (LP) and (2) analyze physician's characteristics affecting LP decision making.

Methods
Using standard SCT processes, a panel of pediatric subspecialty physicians constructed 15 infant LP case vignettes, each with 2 to 4 SCT questions (a total of 47). The vignettes were distributed to pediatric attending physicians and fellows at 10 hospitals within the INSPIRE Network. We determined both raw scores (tendency to perform LP) and SCT scores (agreement with the reference panel) as well as the variation with participant factors.

Results
Two hundred twenty-six respondents completed all 47 SCT questions. Pediatric emergency medicine physicians tended to select LP more frequently than did general pediatricians, with pediatric emergency medicine physicians showing significantly higher raw scores (20.2 ± 10.2) than general pediatricians (13 ± 15; 95% confidence interval for difference, 1, 13). Concordance with the reference panel varied among subspecialties and by the frequency with which practitioners perform LPs in their practices.

Conclusion
Script concordance testing questions can be used as a tool to detect subspecialty practice variation. We are able to detect significant practice variation in the self-report of use of LP for infants among different pediatric subspecialties.
System Stresses in 2 Pediatric Emergency Departments and 2 Pediatric Urgent Care Centers During the 2014 Enterovirus-D68 Outbreak
Authors: Conners Gregory P. , Doyle Stacy J. , Fowler Milton A. , Schroeder Lisa L. , Tryon Thomas W. 
Published: September 2016

Objective
To describe the association of an unprecedented large-scale Enterovirus-D68 outbreak in 2014 with changes in patient volume and acuity and system stress in 2 pediatric emergency departments and 2 pediatric urgent care centers of a single children's hospital.

Methods
We compared measures of patient volume, acuity, and system stress during the 2014 Enterovirus-D68 outbreak and the corresponding dates of the previous year.

Results
Both settings experienced large census increases during the Enterovirus-D68 outbreak; patient census increased significantly more in the pediatric urgent care setting (20.3%) than in the pediatric emergency departments (14.3%). Both settings had significant increases in patient acuity. The proportion of pediatric emergency department patients requiring hospital admission increased; the proportion of patients who left the pediatric urgent care setting without being seen also increased. Although there was no emergency department inpatient boarding during the 2013 comparison period, 4.4% of admitted patients required emergency department boarding during the 2014 outbreak. There was no significant change in the mean length of stay or the probability that patient admission was to the pediatric intensive care unit.

Conclusions
Both the pediatric emergency departments and the pediatric urgent care centers experienced increased patient volumes and acuity and significant system stress in association with the 2014 Enterovirus-D68 outbreak. These data will inform those planning resource allocation for future large-scale viral outbreaks.
Concomitant Anticonvulsants With Bitemporal Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: Rakesh Gopalkumar , Thirthalli Jagadisha , Kumar Channaveerachari Naveen , Muralidharan Kesavan , Phutane Vivek H , Gangadhar Bangalore N 
Published: September 2016

Background
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for major affective disorders. The combined use of ECT and anticonvulsant mood stabilizers is a common clinical scenario. There is dearth of systematic studies on the use of this combination with regard to clinical or cognitive outcomes.

Objective/Hypothesis
We aimed to compare clinical improvement and cognitive adverse effects between patients who received only ECT versus those who received ECT and anticonvulsants. We hypothesized that improvement would be fastest in patients who received only ECT.

Methods
We conducted a randomized controlled trial in which patients prescribed ECT while being treated with anticonvulsants were randomized into 3 groups: full-dose (FD), half-dose (HD), and stop anticonvulsant. A blind rater assessed clinical improvement in patients using rating scales [Young’s Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and Clinical Global Impression] for clinical improvement and cognitive adverse effects (Postgraduate Institute memory scale). Analysis was done using mixed-effects modeling to delineate differences in clinical and cognitive outcomes across the 3 arms of the study over the course of ECT.

Results
Of the 54 patients recruited, 36 patients went into treatment allocation arms per the initial randomization plan. The main anticonvulsants prescribed were sodium valproate and carbamazepine. Patients in the 3 groups were comparable on clinical features. The most common diagnosis was bipolar affective disorder—with current episode of mania. Overall, there was no difference across the 3 groups in final clinical outcome scores (YMRS and Clinical Global Impression) when analyzed as intention to treat (ITT) or “as treated.” In both analyses, group × time interaction was significant when comparing trend of YMRS scores between the FD anticonvulsant group and the HD group from baseline to last ECT (P = 0.0435 in ITT and P = 0.0055 in as treated). Patients in the FD group improved faster than those in the HD group. There were no differences across the 3 groups with regard to their cognitive adverse effects in the ITT analysis; “as-treated analysis” showed the HD patients to have performed poorly on some domains. Seizure parameters showed no significant difference across the 3 groups.

Conclusion
This is a preliminary prospective study examining whether coprescription of anticonvulsants with ECT affected clinical or cognitive outcomes. The most important takeaway point from this study is the significant reduction in YMRS scores when ECT was given with FD anticonvulsant compared with halving the dose (HD) of anticonvulsant. This difference was shown in both ITT and as-treated analysis. There is a need for more prospective studies to examine this clinical question.
Comparative analysis of 2D and 3D distance measurements to study spatial genome organization
Authors: Finn Elizabeth H. , Pegoraro Gianluca , Shachar Sigal , Misteli Tom 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTThe spatial organization of eukaryotic genomes is non-random, cell-type specific, and has been linked to cellular function. The investigation of spatial organization has traditionally relied extensively on fluorescence microscopy. The validity of the imaging methods used to probe spatial genome organization often depends on the accuracy and precision of distance measurements. Imaging-based measurements may either use 2 dimensional datasets or 3D datasets including the z-axis information in image stacks. Here we compare the suitability of 2D versus 3D distance measurements in the analysis of various features of spatial genome organization. We find in general good agreement between 2D and 3D analysis with higher convergence of measurements as the interrogated distance increases, especially in flat cells. Overall, 3D distance measurements are more accurate than 2D distances, but are also more prone to noise. In particular, z-stacks are prone to error due to imaging properties such as limited resolution along the z-axis and optical aberrations, and we also find significant deviations from unimodal distance distributions caused by low sampling frequency in z. These deviations can be ameliorated by sampling at much higher frequency in the z-direction. We conclude that 2D distances are preferred for comparative analyses between cells, but 3D distances are preferred when comparing to theoretical models in large samples of cells. In general, 2D distance measurements remain preferable for many applications of analysis of spatial genome organization.
Zipper plot: visualizing transcriptional activity of genomic regions
Authors: Avila Cobos Francisco , Anckaert Jasper , Volders Pieter-Jan , Rombaut Dries , Vandesompele Jo , De Preter Katleen , Mestdagh Pieter 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSummaryReconstructing transcript models from RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data and establishing these as independent transcriptional units can be a challenging task. The Zipper plot is an application that enables users to interrogate putative transcription start sites (TSSs) in relation to various features that are indicative for transcriptional activity. These features are obtained from publicly available datasets including CAGE-sequencing (CAGE-seq), ChIP-sequencing (ChIP-seq) for histone marks and DNasesequencing (DNase-seq). The Zipper plot application requires three input fields (chromosome, genomic coordinate (hg19) of the TSS and strand) and generates a report that includes a detailed summary table, a Zipper plot and several statistics derived from this plot.Availability and ImplementationThe Zipper plot is implemented using the statistical programming language R and is freely available athttp://zipperplot.cmgg.beContactPieter.Mestdagh@UGent.be;Katleen.DePreter@UGent.be;Francisco.AvilaCobos@UGent.beSupplementary informationSupplementary Methods available online.
A NAC Transcription Factor Represses Putrescine Biosynthesis and Affects Drought Tolerance
Authors: Wu Hao , Fu Bing , Sun Peipei , Xiao Chang , Liu Ji-Hong 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Arginine decarboxylase (ADC)-mediated putrescine biosynthesis plays an important role in plant stress responses, but the transcriptional regulation of ADC in response to abiotic stress is not well understood. We isolated a NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC (NAC) domain-containing transcription factor, PtrNAC72, from trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) by yeast one-hybrid screening. PtrNAC72, localized to the nucleus, binds specifically to the promoter of PtADC and acts as a transcriptional repressor. PtrNAC72 expression was induced by cold, drought, and abscisic acid. ADC messenger RNA abundance and putrescine levels were decreased in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana nudicaulis) plants overexpressing PtrNAC72 but increased, compared with the wild type, in an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) transfer DNA insertion mutant, nac72. While transgenic tobacco lines overexpressing PtrNAC72 were more sensitive to drought, plants of the Arabidopsis nac72 mutant exhibited enhanced drought tolerance, consistent with the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in the tested genotypes. In addition, exogenous application of putrescine to the overexpression lines restored drought tolerance, while treatment with d-arginine, an ADC inhibitor, compromised the drought tolerance of nac72. Taken together, these results demonstrate that PtrNAC72 is a repressor of putrescine biosynthesis and may negatively regulate the drought stress response, at least in part, via the modulation of putrescine-associated reactive oxygen species homeostasis.
Informatics and data science: an overview for the information
professional
Authors: Cervone H Frank 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
– This paper aims to describe the emerging field of data science, its significance in the larger information landscape and some issues that distinguish the problems of data science and informatics from traditional approaches in the information sciences.

Design/methodology/approach
– Through a general overview of the topic, the author discusses some of the major aspects of how work in the data sciences and informatics differ from traditional library and information science.

Findings
– Data science and informatics, as emerging fields, are expanding our understanding of how the massive amount of information currently being generated can be collected, managed and used. While these may not be traditional “library” problems, the contributions of the library and information science communities are critical to help address aspects of these issues.

Originality/value
– The emerging fields of data science and informatics have not been extensively explored from the perspective of the information professional. This paper is designed to help information professionals better understand some of the implications of data science in a changing information environment.
Earnings Announcement Disclosures and Changes in Analysts' Information
Authors: Barron Orie E. , Byard Donal , Yu Yong 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis study examines how financial disclosures with earnings announcements affect sell‐side analysts' information about future earnings, focusing on disclosures of financial statements and management earnings forecasts. We find that disclosures of balance sheets and segment data are associated with an increase in the degree to which analysts' forecasts of upcoming quarterly earnings are based on private information. Further analyses show that balance sheet disclosures are associated with an increase in the precision of both analysts' common and private information, segment disclosures are associated with an increase in analysts' private information, and management earnings forecast disclosures are associated with an increase in analysts' common information. These results are consistent with analysts processing balance sheet and segment disclosures into new private information regarding near‐term earnings. Additional analysis of conference calls shows that balance sheet, segment, and management earnings forecast disclosures are all associated with more discussion related to these items in the questions‐and‐answers section of conference calls, consistent with analysts playing an information interpretation role with respect to these disclosures.
Prioritizing Systemic Corticosteroid Treatments to Mitigate Relapse in Adults With Acute Asthma: A Systematic Review and Network Meta‐analysis
Authors: Rowe Brian H. , Kirkland Scott W. , Vandermeer Ben , Campbell Sandy , Newton Amanda , Ducharme Francine M. , Villa‐Roel Cristina 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectivesWhile systemic corticosteroids (SCS) are widely used to prevent relapse in adults with acute asthma discharged from the emergency department, the most effective route of administration is unclear. The objective of this review was to examine the effectiveness of SCS in adults and to identify the most effective route of SCS to preventing relapse.MethodsA search was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials comparing the effectiveness of intramuscular (IM) or oral (PO) short‐course or long‐course corticosteroids to prevent relapse in adults with acute asthma. Two independent reviewers judged study relevance, inclusion, and risk of bias. Pooled statistics were calculated as risk ratios (RR) and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and credibility intervals (CrI) using a random‐effects model. A Bayesian network meta‐analysis was performed for indirect comparisons of SCS to placebo. Probability of best (PB) analysis was reported for comparisons between the routes of administration.ResultsThirteen studies of moderate quality were included. Four studies compared SCS to placebo, in which SCS significantly reduced relapse (RR = 0.43; 95% CI = 0.25 to 0.74). In the network meta‐analysis, a significant reduction in relapse within 10 days of discharge was found in adults receiving IM (OR = 0.21; 95% CrI = 0.05 to 0.73) and PO long‐course (OR = 0.31; 95% CrI = 0.09 to 0.95) corticosteroids. Relapse rates between PO short‐course corticosteroids and placebo were not statistically significantly different (OR = 0.37; 95% CrI = 0.04 to 3.38). PB analysis favored IM corticosteroids (62%) followed by PO short‐course (20.3%) and PO long‐course (14.1%) corticosteroids.ConclusionsThe network analysis identified IM corticosteroids and PO long‐course corticosteroids as the most effective strategies to prevent relapse among adults with acute asthma, compared to PO short‐course corticosteroids. The lack of significant findings with PO short‐course corticosteroids is likely due to the paucity of research. Further comparative studies are required to determine the safety and effectiveness of briefer PO SCS treatment options in adults.
Scoping review of medical assessment units and older people with complex health needs
Authors: Rushton Carole , Crilly Julia , Adeleye Adeniyi , Grealish Laurie , Beylacq Mandy , Forbes Mark 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesTo explore current knowledge of medical assessment units (MAUs) with specific reference to older people with complex needs and to stimulate new topics and questions for future policy, research and practice.MethodsA scoping review was conducted using an integrated‐latent thematic approach.ResultsThis review provides a unique perspective on MAUs and older people which is framed using four themes: efficiency, effectiveness, equity and time. Eighteen articles were reviewed. Most (14) articles reported on efficiency and effectiveness while none reported explicitly on equity. Time was identified as a fourth, latent theme within the literature.ConclusionFindings from this review indicate that future policy, research and practice relating to MAUs should focus on older people with complex needs, patient‐centred metrics and those MAU characteristics most likely to deliver positive health outcomes to this particular cohort of patients.
Zirconia abutments for single‐tooth implant restorations: a 10‐ to 11‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Ekfeldt Anders , Fürst Björn , Carlsson Gunnar E. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the clinical outcome of custom‐made zirconia abutments for implant‐supported single‐tooth restorations 10–11 years after insertion.Material and methodsThe study comprises a clinical examination of 23 patients with 30 restorations placed 10–11 years ago. Oral surgeons placed the implants. The prosthodontic treatment was provided at a prosthodontic specialist clinic. The restoration was either an all‐ceramic crown for cementation or a screw‐retained one‐piece restoration with the veneering porcelain baked directly to the zirconia abutment. Besides the clinical and radiographic examination at the 10‐ to 11‐year follow‐up, the patients’ records were scrutinized regarding clinical and radiographic data from insertion of the restoration up to the last visit at the clinic.ResultsThe zirconia abutments performed well. Both technical and biological complications were rare; most patients were in general extremely satisfied with the restorations. No all‐ceramic crowns fractured during the observation period. One implant was lost after 5½ years in service. There were no significant differences for changes in any of the soft tissue registrations or the peri‐implant marginal bone level between the conventional two‐piece abutment‐crown restoration and the one‐piece restoration. The peri‐implant bone level changes from placement to the clinical examination 10–11 years later were small (mean 0.26 mm, SD 0.6 mm).ConclusionsZirconia abutments for single‐implant crowns demonstrated excellent technical and biological results over 10–11 years of function, and most patients were extremely satisfied with the aesthetics and the function of their single‐implant restorations.
Levodopa Effect on Basal Ganglia Motor Circuit in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Gao Lin‐Lin , Zhang Jia‐Rong , Chan Piu , Wu Tao 
Published: September 2016

SummaryAimsTo investigate the effects of levodopa on the basal ganglia motor circuit (BGMC) in Parkinson's disease (PD).MethodsThirty PD patients with asymmetrical bradykinesia and 30 control subjects were scanned using resting‐state functional MRI. Functional connectivity of the BGMC was measured and compared before and after levodopa administration in patients with PD. The correlation between improvements in bradykinesia and changes in BGMC connectivity was examined.ResultsIn the PD‐off state (before medication), the posterior putamen and internal globus pallidus (GPi) had decreased connectivity while the subthalamic nucleus (STN) had enhanced connectivity within the BGMC relative to control subjects. Levodopa administration increased the connectivity of posterior putamen‐ and GPi‐related networks but decreased the connectivity of STN‐related networks. Improvements in bradykinesia were correlated with enhanced connectivity of the posterior putamen‐cortical motor pathway and with decreased connectivity of the STN‐thalamo‐cortical motor pathway.ConclusionIn PD patients with asymmetrical bradykinesia, levodopa can partially normalize the connectivity of the BGMC with a larger effect on the more severely affected side. Moreover, the beneficial effect of levodopa on bradykinesia is associated with normalization of the striato‐thalamo‐cortical motor and STN‐cortical motor pathways. Our findings inform the neural mechanism of levodopa treatment in PD.