bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the patterns and dynamics of river deltas under conditions of steady forcing and relative sea level rise
Authors: Liang Man , Van Dyk Corey , Passalacqua Paola 
Published: January 2016

AbstractUnderstanding deltaic channel dynamics is essential to acquiring knowledge on how deltas respond to environmental changes, as channels control the distribution of water, sediment, and nutrients. Channel‐resolving morphodynamic models provide the basis for quantitative study of channel‐scale dynamics, but they need to be properly assessed with a set of robust metrics able to quantitatively characterize delta patterns and dynamics before being used as predictive tools. In this work we use metrics developed in the context of delta formation, to assess the morphodynamic results of DeltaRCM, a parcel‐based cellular model for delta formation and evolution. By comparing model results to theoretical predictions and field and experimental observations, we show that DeltaRCM captures the geometric growth characteristics of deltas such as fractality of channel network, spatial distribution of wet and dry surfaces, and temporal dynamics of channel‐scale processes such as the decay of channel planform correlation. After evaluating the ability of DeltaRCM to produce delta patterns and dynamics at the scale of channel processes, we use the model to predict the deltaic response to relative sea level rise (RSLR). We show that uniform subsidence and absolute sea level rise have similar effects on delta evolution and cause intensified channel branching. Channel network fractality and channel mobility increase with higher‐RSLR rates, while the spatial and temporal scales of avulsion events decrease, resulting in smaller sand bodies in the stratigraphy. Our modeling results provide the first set of quantitative predictions of the effects of RSLR on river deltas with a specific focus on the distributary channel network.
Late Paleocene‐middle Eocene benthic foraminifera on a Pacific seamount (Allison Guyot, ODP Site 865): Greenhouse climate and superimposed hyperthermal events
Authors: Arreguín‐Rodríguez Gabriela J. , Alegret Laia , Thomas Ellen 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe investigated the response of late Paleocene‐middle Eocene (~60–37.5 Ma) benthic foraminiferal assemblages to long‐term climate change and hyperthermal events including the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 865 on Allison Guyot, a seamount in the Mid‐Pacific Mountains. Seamounts are isolated deep‐sea environments where enhanced current systems interrupt bentho‐pelagic coupling, and fossil assemblages from such settings have been little evaluated. Assemblages at Site 865 are diverse and dominated by cylindrical calcareous taxa with complex apertures, an extinct group which probably lived infaunally. Dominance of an infaunal morphogroup is unexpected in a highly oligotrophic setting, but these forms may have been shallow infaunal suspension feeders, which were ecologically successful on the current‐swept seamount. The magnitude of the PETM extinction at Site 865 was similar to other sites globally, but lower diversity postextinction faunas at this location were affected by ocean acidification as well as changes in current regime, which might have led to increased nutrient supply through trophic focusing. A minor hyperthermal saw less severe effects of changes in current regime, with no evidence for carbonate dissolution. Although the relative abundance of infaunal benthic foraminifera has been used as a proxy for surface productivity through bentho‐pelagic coupling, we argue that this proxy can be used only in the absence of changes in carbonate saturation and current‐driven biophysical linking.
Spatiotemporal densification of river water level time series by multimission satellite altimetry
Authors: Tourian M. J. , Tarpanelli A. , Elmi O. , Qin T. , Brocca L. , Moramarco T. , Sneeuw N. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractLimitations of satellite radar altimetry for operational hydrology include its spatial and temporal sampling as well as measurement problems caused by local topography and heterogeneity of the reflecting surface. In this study, we develop an approach that eliminates most of these limitations to produce an approximately 3 day temporal resolution water level time series from the original typically (sub)monthly data sets for the Po River in detail, and for Congo, Mississippi, and Danube Rivers. We follow a geodetic approach by which, after estimating and removing intersatellite biases, all virtual stations of several satellite altimeters are connected hydraulically and statistically to produce water level time series at any location along the river. We test different data‐selection strategies and validate our method against the extensive available in situ data over the Po River, resulting in an average correlation of 0.7, Root‐Mean‐Square Error of 0.8 m, bias of −0.4 m, and Nash‐Sutcliffe Efficiency coefficient of 0.5. We validate the transferability of our method by applying it to the Congo, Mississippi, and Danube Rivers, which have very different geomorphological and climatic conditions. The methodology yields correlations above 0.75 and Nash‐Sutcliffe coefficients of 0.84 (Congo), 0.34 (Mississippi), and 0.35 (Danube).
A Sugar‐Based Gelator for Marine Oil‐Spill Recovery
Authors: Vibhute Amol M. , Muvvala Venkatanarayana , Sureshan Kana M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMarine oil spills constitute an environmental disaster with severe adverse effects on the economy and ecosystem. Phase‐selective organogelators (PSOGs), molecules that can congeal oil selectively from oil–water mixtures, have been proposed to be useful for oil‐spill recovery. However, a major drawback lies in the mode of application of the PSOG to an oil spill spread over a large area. The proposed method of using carrier solvents is impractical for various reasons. Direct application of the PSOG as a solid, although it would be ideal, is unknown, presumably owing to poor dispersion of the solid through the oil. We have designed five cheap and easy‐to‐make glucose‐derived PSOGs that disperse in the oil phase uniformly when applied as a fine powder. These gelators were shown to selectively congeal many oils, including crude oil, from oil–water mixtures to form stable gels, which is an essential property for efficient oil‐spill recovery. We have demonstrated that these PSOGs can be applied aerially as a solid powder onto a mixture of crude oil and sea water and the congealed oil can then be scooped out. Our innovative mode of application and low cost of the PSOG offers a practical solution to oil‐spill recovery.
Copper‐Catalyzed Borylcupration of Allenylsilanes
Authors: Yuan Weiming , Song Liu , Ma Shengming 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA highly regio‐ and stereoselective copper‐catalyzed borylcupration of 1,2‐allenylsilanes affords an unexpected regioreversed allylic boronate bearing an extra C−Si bond at the 3‐position, with a thermodynamically disfavored Z geometry. Such stereodefined allylic boronates containing an extra alkenyl silane moiety are very useful organodimetallic reagents for organic synthesis.
A Highly Ion‐Selective Zeolite Flake Layer on Porous Membranes for Flow Battery Applications
Authors: Yuan Zhizhang , Zhu Xiangxue , Li Mingrun , Lu Wenjing , Li Xianfeng , Zhang Huamin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractZeolites are crystalline microporous aluminosilicates with periodic arrangements of cages and well‐defined channels, which make them very suitable for separating ions of different sizes, and thus also for use in battery applications. Herein, an ultra‐thin ZSM‐35 zeolite flake was introduced onto a poly(ether sulfone) based porous membrane. The pore size of the zeolite (ca. 0.5 nm) is intermediary between that of hydrated vanadium ions (>0.6 nm) and protons (<0.24 nm). The resultant membrane can thus be used to perfectly separate vanadium ions and protons, making this technology useful in vanadium flow batteries (VFB). A VFB with a zeolite‐coated membrane exhibits a columbic efficiency of >99 % and an energy efficiency of >81 % at 200 mA cm−2, which is by far the highest value ever reported. These convincing results indicate that zeolite‐coated membranes are promising in battery applications.
Oxychlorination–Dehydrochlorination Chemistry on Bifunctional Ceria Catalysts for Intensified Vinyl Chloride Production
Authors: Scharfe Matthias , Lira‐Parada Pedro A. , Paunović Vladimir , Moser Maximilian , Amrute Amol P. , Pérez‐Ramírez Javier 
Published: January 2016

AbstractCeria catalyzes the one‐step production of the vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) from ethylene with a high yield because of its bifunctional character: redox centers oxychlorinate ethylene to ethylene dichloride (EDC), which is subsequently dehydrochlorinated to VCM over strong acid sites generated in situ. Nanocrystalline CeO2 and CeO2‐ZrO2 lead to a VCM yield of 25 % in a single pass, outperforming the best reported systems and reaching industrially attractive levels. The use of CeO2 intensifies the current two‐step process within PVC production encompassing CuCl2‐catalyzed oxychlorination and thermal cracking. In addition, ceria‐based materials offer stability advantages with respect to the archetypical CuCl2‐based catalysts.
Bright Solid‐State Emission of Disilane‐Bridged Donor–Acceptor–Donor and Acceptor–Donor–Acceptor Chromophores
Authors: Shimada Masaki , Tsuchiya Mizuho , Sakamoto Ryota , Yamanoi Yoshinori , Nishibori Eiji , Sugimoto Kunihisa , Nishihara Hiroshi 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe development of disilane‐bridged donor–acceptor–donor (D‐Si‐Si‐A‐Si‐Si‐D) and acceptor–donor–acceptor (A‐Si‐Si‐D‐Si‐Si‐A) compounds is described. Both types of compound showed strong emission (λem=ca. 500 and ca. 400 nm, respectively) in the solid state with high quantum yields (Φ: up to 0.85). Compound 4 exhibited aggregation‐induced emission enhancement in solution. X‐ray diffraction revealed that the crystal structures of 2, 4, and 12 had no intermolecular π–π interactions to suppress the nonradiative transition in the solid state.
Friedel–Crafts‐Type Intermolecular C−H Silylation of Electron‐Rich Arenes Initiated by Base‐Metal Salts
Authors: Yin Qin , Klare Hendrik F. T. , Oestreich Martin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAn electrophilic aromatic substitution (SEAr) with a catalytically generated silicon electrophile is reported. Essentially any commercially available base‐metal salt acts as an initiator/catalyst when activated with NaBArF4 . The thus‐generated Lewis acid then promotes the SEAr of electron‐rich arenes with hydrosilanes but not halosilanes. This new C−H silylation was optimized for FeCl2 /NaBArF4 , affording good yields at catalyst loadings as low as 0.5 mol %. The procedure is exceedingly straightforward and comes close to typical Friedel–Crafts methods, where no added base is needed to absorb the released protons.
Synthetic Receptors for the High‐Affinity Recognition of O‐GlcNAc Derivatives
Authors: Rios Pablo , Carter Tom S. , Mooibroek Tiddo J. , Crump Matthew P. , Lisbjerg Micke , Pittelkow Michael , Supekar Nitin T. , Boons Geert‐Jan , Davis Anthony P. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe combination of a pyrenyl tetraamine with an isophthaloyl spacer has led to two new water‐soluble carbohydrate receptors (“synthetic lectins”). Both systems show outstanding affinities for derivatives of N‐acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) in aqueous solution. One receptor binds the methyl glycoside GlcNAc‐β‐OMe with Ka≈20 000 m−1, whereas the other one binds an O‐GlcNAcylated peptide with Ka≈70 000 m−1. These values substantially exceed those usually measured for GlcNAc‐binding lectins. Slow exchange on the NMR timescale enabled structural determinations for several complexes. As expected, the carbohydrate units are sandwiched between the pyrenes, with the alkoxy and NHAc groups emerging at the sides. The high affinity of the GlcNAcyl–peptide complex can be explained by extra‐cavity interactions, raising the possibility of a family of complementary receptors for O‐GlcNAc in different contexts.
Reductive Chlorination and Bromination of Ketones via Trityl Hydrazones
Authors: Reyes Julius R. , Rawal Viresh H. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA method is presented for the direct transformation of a ketone to the corresponding reduced alkyl chloride or bromide. The process involves the reaction of a ketone trityl hydrazone with tBuOCl to give a diazene which readily collapses to the α‐chlorocarbinyl radical, reduction of which by a hydrogen atom source gives the alkyl chloride product. The use of N‐bromosuccinimide provides the corresponding alkyl bromide. This unique transformation provides a reductive halogenation that complements Barton's redox‐neutral vinyl halide synthesis.
Superparamagnetic Reduced Graphene Oxide with Large Magnetoresistance: A Surface Modulation Strategy
Authors: Peng Jing , Guo Yuqiao , Lv Haifeng , Dou Xinyu , Chen Qi , Zhao Jiyin , Wu Changzheng , Zhu Xiaojiao , Lin Yue , Lu Wei , Wu Xiaojun , Xie Yi 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe graphene system is actively pursued in spintronics for its nontrivial sp electron magnetism and its potential for the flexible surface chemical tuning of magnetoelectronic functionality. The magnetoresistance (MR) of graphene can be effectively tuned under high magnetic fields at cryogenic temperatures, but it remains a challenge to achieve sensitive magnetoelectric response under ambient conditions. We report the use of surface modulation to realize superparamagnetism in reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with sensitive magnetic field response. The superparamagnetic rGO was obtained by a mild oxidation process to partially remove the thiol groups covalently bound to the carbon framework, which brings about large low‐field negative MR at room temperature (−8.6 %, 500 Oe, 300 K). This strategy provides a new approach for optimizing the intrinsic magnetoelectric properties of two‐dimensional materials.
Inkjet printing of polyimide insulators for the 3D printing of dielectric materials for microelectronic applications
Authors: Zhang Fan , Tuck Christopher , Hague Richard , He Yinfeng , Saleh Ehab , Li You , Sturgess Craig , Wildman Ricky 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTIn this article, we report the first continuous fabrication of inkjet‐printed polyimide films, which were used as insulating layers for the production of capacitors. The polyimide ink was prepared from its precursor poly(amic) acid, and directly printed on to a hot substrate (at around 160 °C) to initialize a rapid thermal imidization. By carefully adjusting the substrate temperature, droplet spacing, droplet velocity, and other printing parameters, polyimide films with good surface morphologies were printed between two conducting layers to fabricate capacitors. In this work, the highest capacitance value, 2.82 ± 0.64 nF, was achieved by capacitors (10 mm × 10 mm) with polyimide insulating layers thinner than 1 μm, suggesting that the polyimide inkjet printing approach is an efficient way for producing dielectric components of microelectronic devices. © 2016 The Authors Journal of Applied Polymer Science Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43361.
Influence of Microwave Irradiation on the Structural Properties of Carbon‐Supported Hollow Copper Nanoparticles and Their Effect on the Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate
Authors: Ren Meijiao , Ren Jun , Hao Panpan , Yang Jinzhou , Wang Donglei , Pei Yongli , Lin Jian‐Ying , Li Zhong 
Published: January 2016

AbstractNovel activated carbon (AC)‐supported highly dispersed hollow Cu nanoparticles (NPs) (Cu/AC) with exposed {1 1 1} facets have been prepared by microwave irradiation for the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC). In particular, Cu NPs with a large cavity diameter of 35 nm are formed after irradiation from room temperature to 360 °C within a mere 8 min without additional irradiation, thus benefiting from the rapid heating of the microwave procedure. In this study, an Ostwald ripening mechanism is proposed. DFT calculations are consistent with the analysis of CO temperature‐programmed desorption, which found that Cu(1 1 1) facets are more favorable for the weak adsorption of CO, which supports the formation of DMC. The as‐prepared catalysts exhibit the highest DMC formation rate in terms of turnover frequency and 100 % selectivity for DMC can be achieved. The large surface area of the hollow Cu NPs and the exposed {1 1 1} crystal planes are highlighted as being responsible for the excellent catalytic rate and superior selectivity, respectively.
Influence of Processing on the Physical Stability of Multiple Emulsions Containing a Green Solvent
Authors: García María Carmen , Muñoz José , Alfaro María Carmen , Franco José María 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe influence of the emulsification process on the microstructure and physical stability of model water‐in‐oil‐in‐water (W/O/W) emulsions formulated with a green solvent and a mixture of amphiphilic copolymers as emulsifiers was investigated. Emulsions were prepared by applying a homogenization step with a rotor‐stator device followed by high‐pressure homogenization. Viscous flow tests, transmitted light optical microscopy, globule size distribution (GSD), and multiple light scattering (MLS) measurements were carried out. The GSDs obtained were the result of a recoalescence due to overprocessing and the coalescence of inner droplets with the outer water phase. MLS detected a main destabilization mechanism by creaming. The passing of the emulsion through a high‐pressure homogenizer (HPH) significantly delayed the creaming process.
Simulation of Cake Filtration for Polydisperse Particles
Authors: Becker Jürgen , Cheng Liping , Kronsbein Cornelia , Wiegmann Andreas 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWhen simulating the buildup of a filter cake consisting of polydisperse particles, the choice of the numerical resolution is difficult as particles may cover a large range of diameters. A method was developed that allows to model cake filtration at any resolution. Resolution‐dependent fitting parameters can be found such that the solidity and resistivity of the resulting filter cake will be independent of the chosen resolution. The cake buildup is simulated on the filter media scale. Flow through the porous parts is modeled with the Stokes‐Brinkman equation, which requires the local solidity and flow resistivity of each porous grid cell as input. It is described how to set the local solidity and resistivity such that a given global solidity and flow resistivity of the filter cake is achieved and the simulated pressure drop is independent of the chosen resolution.
Electric Field‐Responsive Nanopores with Ion Selectivity: Controlling Based on Transport Resistance
Authors: Zhu Yudan , Ruan Yang , Wu Ximing , Lu Xiaohua , Zhang Yumeng , Lu Linghong 
Published: January 2016

AbstractUsing external stimuli to control ionic transport behavior in nanopores is an important focus of nanodevice research allowing numerous potential applications. A novel strategy was investigated to control ionic‐transport resistance responses to the electric field intensity in a nanopore and regulate ionic selectivity. Molecular simulations were performed to examine the transport behaviors of K+ and Na+ in a carbon nanotube‐based biomimetic nanopore under different electric fields. The responses of the modified group to the electric field intensity induced variations in ionic transport resistance, which then led to improved ionic selectivity. This result indicates that driving force and resistance are simultaneously affected by external stimuli under nanoconfinement.
Crystalline Layer Formation of Highly Viscous Supersaturated Liquids
Authors: Herfurth Julia , Mahnken Kai , Fabian Jürgen , Ulrich Joachim 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe handling of highly viscous supersaturated liquids during nucleation and crystal growth is an important challenge. Here, solutions mixed with hydrocolloids were tested for the formation of gelled products enclosed by a crystallized layer of sucrose from the starting liquid mixture. To create reproducible layers on the gel body, the nucleation needs to be initiated by external seed materials. The influence of the hydrocolloids on the crystallization process and therefore the crystal growth in combination with the different seeds for nucleation (starch, icing sugar) was tested and evaluated. Different external seed materials can have an influence on the thickness of the sugar layers. A significant influence on the thickness of the crystalline layers can be found by the use of different highly viscous solutions.
Solvothermal Synthesis of Yolk–Shell CeVO4/C Microspheres as a High‐Performance Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jin Rencheng , Liu Chunping , Sun Lin , Zhang Zhenjiang , Chen Gang 
Published: January 2016

AbstractYolk–shell CeVO4/C microspheres are fabricated by a facile solvothermal method, followed by a carbonization process, by using glucose as a precursor. The hierarchical structures supply a high specific surface area and alleviate volume changes during the lithiation–delithiation process. Owing to the unique porous structural features, the yolk–shell CeVO4/C microspheres present a high lithium storage capacity, reaching 580 mAh g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1. Furthermore, the microspheres exhibit good cycle stability and high rate performance, for example, in the 100th cycle they display a capacity of 448 mAh g−1 at a current density 100 mA g−1 and a capacity of 292 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1 in the 40th cycle; these values are better than those of pure‐phase yolk–shell CeVO4 microspheres.
Reactive Extraction of Lactic Acid by Using Tri‐n‐octylamine: Structure of the Ionic Phase
Authors: Aimer Matthias , Klemm Elias , Langanke Bernd , Gehrke Helmut , Stubenrauch Cosima 
Published: January 2016

AbstractLactic acid is a promising biogenic platform chemical which can be produced by fermentation of cellulose and hemicellulose. However, separating lactic acid from the fermentation broth is extremely costly and technically complex. We therefore investigated whether liquid/liquid extraction of lactic acid with tri‐n‐octylamine is a cost‐effective alternative to the existing downstream processing method. In order to find an answer to this question, the structure of the middle phase of the occurring three‐phase region, which is enriched with up to 20 wt. % lactic acid, was explored. The results of our IR, small‐angle X‐ray scattering and NMR measurements show that this phase is ionic and has a bicontinuous structure. Due to the analogy with bicontinuous microemulsions, it should be possible to further enrich the lactic acid, which could lead to a rethink regarding the design of extraction processes.