bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of Constitutionally Isomeric Oriented Calix[6]arene‐Based Rotaxanes
Authors: Zanichelli Valeria , Ragazzon Giulio , Arduini Arturo , Credi Alberto , Franchi Paola , Orlandini Guido , Venturi Margherita , Lucarini Marco , Secchi Andrea , Silvi Serena 
Published: January 2016

AbstractOriented rotaxanes composed of tris(N‐phenylureido)calix[6]arene wheel 1 and N,N′‐dialkyl viologen‐based axles were synthesized in which the span between the diphenylacetyl stoppers at the wheel upper and lower rim and the bis‐pyridinium cation portion of the axial component is different in length. A sequential synthetic pathway was followed to achieve the selective formation of orientational isomers, wherein the short (or long) chain of the axle is positioned either on the upper or lower rim of the wheel. The synthetic strategy adopted involves the upper rim threading of axles 2a–c to yield oriented pseudorotaxanes, which were then stoppered in situ. The structure of the oriented rotaxanes was unravelled by detailed NMR experiments, and their spectroscopic, electrochemical and dynamic properties were investigated by UV/Vis, cyclic voltammetry, and EPR measurements. The results were compared with those of their symmetric counterparts.
Removal of emerging pharmaceuticals from wastewater by ozone‐based advanced oxidation processes
Authors: Almomani Fares A. , Shawaqfah Moayyad , Bhosale Rahul R. , Kumar Anand 
Published: January 2016

This study investigates the use of ozone as a pretreatment process for water containing pharmaceuticals. Experiments were carried out on synthetic wastewater, surface water, and the effluent of wastewater treatment plant. The degradation efficiencies of four groups of pharmaceuticals (antibiotics, estrogens, acidic, and neutral) were studied, and the effect of ozone dose and pH on the degradation efficiency was monitored. A Microtox™ bioassay test was used to evaluate the change in the toxicity of aqueous solutions before and after ozonation. The efficiency of oxidation of antibiotics, estrogens, and neutral pharmaceuticals increased as the ozone dose and pH increased. Ozone input dose of 188.1, 222.3, and 222.4 mg h−1was found to be optimum yielding the highest oxidation efficiency for the studied pharmaceuticals in synthetic wastewater, surface water and effluent of wastewater treatment plant, respectively. An average specific ozone dose of 2.05 for antibiotics, 1.11 for estrogens, and 1.30 mg O3/mg DOC for neutral pharmaceuticals reduced significantly the acute the toxicity of the water solutions and mineralized more than 40%, 33%, and 23% of DOC in less than 1 min. The kinetics of ozone with pharmaceuticals was modeled for synthetic wastewater as an overall second‐order reaction with a rate constant ranging from 103 to 106 M−1 s−1. The results indicate the effectiveness of ozone‐based advanced oxidation processes in removing emerging pharmaceuticals from water and wastewater. The results showed that ozonation process is more effective than other conventional oxidation processes (Cl2 and ClO2) in eliminating pharmaceuticals and reducing the toxicity of the effluent water or wastewater. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 982–995, 2016
MAC layer performance of the IEEE 802.15.7 visible light communication standard
Authors: Shams Parvaneh , Erol‐Kantarci Melike , Uysal Murat 
Published: January 2016

AbstractVisible light communications (VLC) is a high‐speed wireless communication technology that has recently emerged. VLC uses the illumination infrastructure to meet broadband needs of bandwidth‐hungry devices. Its high data rate, immunity to electromagnetic interference, ability to operate in an unlicensed band and high reuse factor position VLC as a strong alternative to existing communication technologies. The physical and medium access control (MAC) layers of VLC have been standardised in IEEE 802.15.7. Yet, theoretical performance bounds of the MAC layer have not been explored in detail so far. In this paper, we derive Markov‐based performance bounds for the MAC layer of IEEE 802.15.7. We provide a thorough study of throughput, delay, power consumption, collision probability, transmission probability, access probability and packet discard probability using analytical analysis and simulations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anthocyanin analyses of Vaccinium fruit dietary supplements
Authors: Lee Jungmin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractVaccinium fruit ingredients within dietary supplements were identified by comparisons with anthocyanin analyses of known Vaccinium profiles (demonstration of anthocyanin fingerprinting). Available Vaccinium supplements were purchased and analyzed, their anthocyanin profiles (based on high‐performance liquid chromatography [HPLC] separation) indicated if products' fruit origin listings were authentic. Over 30% of the Vaccinium fruit (cranberry, lingonberry, bilberry, and blueberry; 14 of 45) products available as dietary supplements did not contain the fruit listed as ingredients. Six supplements contained no anthocyanins. Five others had contents differing from labeled fruit (e.g., bilberry capsules containing Andean blueberry fruit). Of the samples that did contain the specified fruit (n = 27), anthocyanin content ranged from 0.04 to 14.37 mg per capsule, tablet, or teaspoon (5 g). Approaches to utilizing anthocyanins in assessment of sample authenticity, and a discussion of the challenges with anthocyanin profiles in quality control are both presented.
Alterations in neural systems mediating cognitive flexibility and inhibition in mood disorders
Authors: Piguet Camille , Cojan Yann , Sterpenich Virginie , Desseilles Martin , Bertschy Gilles , Vuilleumier Patrik 
Published: January 2016

AbstractImpairment in mental flexibility may be a key component contributing to cardinal cognitive symptoms among mood disorders patients, particularly thought control disorders. Impaired ability to switch from one thought to another might reflect difficulties in either generating new mental states, inhibiting previous states, or both. However, the neural underpinnings of impaired cognitive flexibility in mood disorders remain largely unresolved. We compared a group of mood disorders patients (n = 29) and a group of matched healthy subjects (n = 32) on a novel task‐switching paradigm involving happy and sad faces, that allowed us to separate generation of a new mental set (Switch Cost) and inhibition of the previous set during switching (Inhibition Cost), using fMRI. Behavioral data showed a larger Switch Cost in patients relative to controls, but the average Inhibition Cost did not differ between groups. At the neural level, a main effect of group was found with stronger activation of the subgenual cingulate cortex in patients. The larger Switch Cost in patients was reflected by a stronger recruitment of brain regions involved in attention and executive control, including the left intraparietal sulcus, precuneus, left inferior fontal gyrus, and right anterior cingulate. Critically, activity in the subgenual cingulate cortex was not downregulated by inhibition in patients relative to controls. In conclusion, mood disorder patients have exaggerated Switch Cost relative to controls, and this deficit in cognitive flexibility is associated with increased activation of the fronto‐parietal attention networks, combined with impaired modulation of the subgenual cingulate cortex when inhibition of previous mental states is needed. Hum Brain Mapp 37:1335‐1348, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Survivorship care experiences, information, and support needs of patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Manne Sharon , Hudson Shawna V. , Baredes Soly , Stroup Antoinette , Virtue Shannon Myers , Paddock Lisa , Kalyoussef Evelyne 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundThere is little research documenting the posttreatment experiences and needs of oral/oropharyngeal cancer survivors.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 92 patients with oral/oropharyngeal cancer diagnosed between 2 and 5 years prior completed a survey about oral cancer information and support needs.ResultsAbout half retrospectively reported that they did not receive a written treatment summary. The desire for more oral cancer information was common; one‐third or more desired more information about long‐term effects, recommended follow‐up, and symptoms that should prompt contacting a doctor. Support needs were less common; only a lack of energy was rated as a significant support need. Patients who had a recurrence, did not drink alcohol, and had a greater recurrence fear desired more information. Smokers and more distressed patients reported more support needs.ConclusionSurvivors reported the desire for more oral cancer information. A desire for assistance was less common. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1935–E1946, 2016
Goat trampling affects plant establishment, runoff and sediment yields over crusted dunes
Authors: Kidron Giora J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMainly attributed to goat and sheep trampling, the sand dunes at the Israeli and the Egyptian sides of the border present contrasting geomorphological conditions. In an attempt to assess the trampling effect upon vegetation, runoff and sediment yield, two pairs of plots and miniplots (each pair contains a trampled plot and a control) were constructed during 1991 and monitored during 1991–1995. In order to assess the impact on vegetation, three pairs of vegetation plots, subjected to light, medium and heavy trampling, were established during 1993 and monitored. In addition, the effect of the micro structures created by the goat hooves (mounds and depressions) were studied in three pairs of plots subjected to medium trampling during 1993 and monitored during 1993–1996. As far as trampling intensity is concerned, the findings indicate an increase in species diversity, density and biomass from the intact crusted surface to the plots subjected to light and medium trampling with a decrease thereafter at the plots subjected to heavy trampling. As for the micro scale, the findings indicate significantly higher plant biomass for the first 2 years at the hooves‐formed mini mounds and mini depressions in comparison to intact crusted surfaces, with no significant difference during the third year. Significantly lower runoff and sediment yields characterized the trampled plots implying a reduction in water redistribution. The data point to the differential effect that trampling has upon plants and soil. While increasing annual plant growth along the slope, it hinders runoff flow to the footslope, negatively affecting water availability for footslope vegetation. Recovery, as also supported by chlorophyll and microrelief measurements, was scale dependent (attributed to differential supply of aeolian sand) with estimated recovery for the plots and miniplots being 4–5 and 8–10 years, respectively. The data indicate that upon the cessation of grazing and under similar precipitation regime, recovery time of the biocrust in the Sinai sand dunes may be short, within 5–6 years. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plant Root Templated Irrigation
Authors: Qasemi Mohsen , Johnson Drew W. , Sponsel Valerie M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA new method is explored for subsurface irrigation where the plant root structure is used as the subsurface water distribution system. Plants are severed at the stem and the stem stump is attached to a pressurized water source such that water may permeate into surrounding soil through the existing buried root system. This pressurized root system serves as a well‐ distributed buried irrigation water source to the other nearby growing plants taking up water. The feasibility of using an existing root structure in this manner to supply water at rates necessary to satisfy other growing plants was determined by conducting laboratory water hydraulic conductance studies. Laboratory growth studies were used to directly test the proposed root templated irrigation (RTI) approach. Modelling simulations were also utilized to extend laboratory findings to other scenarios and compare expected water use efficiency benefits associated with this proposed irrigation method with surface irrigation (SI) and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) practices. Irrigation study measurements showed that RTI provides more efficient water use as compared to SI. Modelling calculations were in qualitative agreement with the experimental studies, indicating that RTI yields improvement in root water uptake over the SI and also SDI unless SDI source spacing is narrow. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sampling Optimization in Pharmacokinetic Bridging Studies: Example of the Use of Deferiprone in Children With β‐Thalassemia
Authors: Bellanti Francesco , Di Iorio Vincenzo Luca , Danhof Meindert , Della Pasqua Oscar 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDespite wide clinical experience with deferiprone, the optimum dosage in children younger than 6 years remains to be established. This analysis aimed to optimize the design of a prospective clinical study for the evaluation of deferiprone pharmacokinetics in children. A 1‐compartment model with first‐order oral absorption was used for the purposes of the analysis. Different sampling schemes were evaluated under the assumption of a constrained population size. A sampling scheme with 5 samples per subject was found to be sufficient to ensure accurate characterization of the pharmacokinetics of deferiprone. Whereas the accuracy of parameters estimates was high, precision was slightly reduced because of the small sample size (CV% >30% for Vd/F and KA). Mean AUC ± SD was found to be 33.4 ± 19.2 and 35.6 ± 20.2 mg · h/mL, and mean Cmax ± SD was found to be 10.2 ± 6.1 and 10.9 ± 6.7 mg/L based on sparse and frequent sampling, respectively. The results showed that typical frequent sampling schemes and sample sizes do not warrant accurate model and parameter identifiability. Expectation of the determinant (ED) optimality and simulation‐based optimization concepts can be used to support pharmacokinetic bridging studies. Of importance is the accurate estimation of the magnitude of the covariate effects, as they partly determine the dose recommendation for the population of interest.
Scanning electron microscopy combined with image processing technique: Microstructure and texture analysis of legumes and vegetables for instant meal
Authors: Pieniazek Facundo , Messina Valeria 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTDevelopment and innovation of new technologies are necessary especially in food quality; due that most instrumental technique for measuring quality properties involves a considerable amount of manual work. Image analysis is a technique that allows to provide objective evaluations from digitalized images that can estimate quality parameters for consumer's acceptance. The aim of the present research was to study the effect of freeze drying on the microstructure and texture of legume and vegetables using scanning electron microscopy at different magnifications' combined with image analysis. Cooked and cooked freeze dried rehydrated legumes and vegetables were analyzed individually by scanning electron microscopy at different magnifications' (250, 500, and 1000×).Texture properties were analyzed by texture analyzer and image analysis. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were obtained for image and instrumental texture parameters. A linear trend with a linear correlation was applied for instrumental and image features. Results showed that image features calculated from Grey level co‐occurrence matrix at 1,000× had high correlations with instrumental features. In rice, homogeneity and contrast can be applied to evaluate texture parameters gumminess and adhesiviness; Lentils: contrast, correlation, energy, homogeneity, and entropy for hardness, adhesiviness, gumminess, and chewiness; Potato and carrots: contrast, energy, homogeneity and entropy for adhesiviness, chewiness, hardness, cohesiviness, and resilence. Results revealed that combing scanning electron microscopy with image analysis can be a useful tool to analyze quality parameters in legumes and vegetables. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:267–275, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Regular Hypertournaments and Arc‐Pancyclicity
Authors: Surmacs Michel 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAk‐hypertournamentHonnvertices () is a pair, whereVis the vertex set ofHandAis a set ofk‐tuples of vertices, called arcs, such that for all subsetswith,Acontains exactly one permutation ofSas an arc. Recently, Li et al. showed that any strongk‐hypertournamentHonnvertices, where, is vertex‐pancyclic, an extension of Moon's theorem for tournaments. In this article, we examine several generalizations of regular tournaments and prove the following generalization of Alspach's theorem concerning arc‐pancyclicity: Every Σ‐regulark‐hypertournament onnvertices, where, is arc‐pancyclic.
Applying amide proton transfer‐weighted MRI to distinguish pseudoprogression from true progression in malignant gliomas
Authors: Ma Bo , Blakeley Jaishri O. , Hong Xiaohua , Zhang Hongyan , Jiang Shanshan , Blair Lindsay , Zhang Yi , Heo Hye‐Young , Zhang Mingzhi , van Zijl Peter C. M. , Zhou Jinyuan 
Published: January 2016

PurposeTo assess amide proton transfer‐weighted (APTW) imaging features in patients with malignant gliomas after chemoradiation and the diagnostic performance of APT imaging for distinguishing true progression from pseudoprogression.Materials and MethodsAfter approval by the Institutional Review Board, 32 patients with clinically suspected tumor progression in the first 3 months after chemoradiation were enrolled and scanned at 3T. Longitudinal routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes and medical records were assessed to confirm true progression versus pseudoprogression. True progression was defined as lesions progressing on serial imaging over 6 months, and pseudoprogression was defined as lesions stabilizing or regressing without intervention. The APTWmean and APTWmax signals were obtained from three to five regions of interests for each patient and compared between the true progression and pseudoprogression groups. The diagnostic performance was assessed with receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.ResultsThe true progression was associated with APTW hyperintensity (APTWmean = 2.75% ± 0.42%), while pseudoprogression was associated with APTW isointensity to mild hyperintensity (APTWmean = 1.56% ± 0.42%). The APTW signal intensities were significantly higher in the true progression group (n = 20) than in the pseudoprogression group (P < 0.001; n = 12). The cutoff APTWmean and APTWmax intensity values to distinguish between true progression and pseudoprogression were 2.42% (with a sensitivity of 85.0% and a specificity of 100%) and 2.54% (with a sensitivity of 95.0% and a specificity of 91.7%), respectively.ConclusionThe APTW‐MRI signal is a valuable imaging biomarker for distinguishing pseudoprogression from true progression in glioma patients. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:456–462.
Sediment Reallocations due to Erosive Rainfall Events in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Central China
Authors: Stumpf Felix , Goebes Philipp , Schmidt Karsten , Schindewolf Marcus , Schönbrodt‐Stitt Sarah , Wadoux Alexandre , Xiang Wei , Scholten Thomas 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSoil erosion by water outlines a major threat to the Three Gorges Reservoir Area in China. A detailed assessment of soil conservation measures requires a tool that spatially identifies sediment reallocations due to rainfall–runoff events in catchments. We applied EROSION 3D as a physically based soil erosion and deposition model in a small mountainous catchment. Generally, we aim to provide a methodological frame that facilitates the model parametrization in a data scarce environment and to identify sediment sources and deposits. We used digital soil mapping techniques to generate spatially distributed soil property information for parametrization. For model calibration and validation, we continuously monitored the catchment on rainfall, runoff and sediment yield for a period of 12 months. The model performed well for large events (sediment yield > 1 Mg) with an averaged individual model error of 7.5%, while small events showed an average error of 36.2%. We focused on the large events to evaluate reallocation patterns. Erosion occurred in 11.1% of the study area with an average erosion rate of 49.9 Mg ha−1. Erosion mainly occurred on crop rotation areas with a spatial proportion of 69.2% for ‘corn‐rapeseed’ and 69.1% for ‘potato‐cabbage’. Deposition occurred on 11.0%. Forested areas (9.7%), infrastructure (41.0%), cropland (corn‐rapeseed: 13.6%, potato‐cabbage: 11.3%) and grassland (18.4%) were affected by deposition. Because the vast majority of annual sediment yields (80.3%) were associated to a few large erosive events, the modelling approach provides a useful tool to spatially assess soil erosion control and conservation measures. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Catechin‐Modified Polylactide Stereocomplex at Chain End Improved Antibiobacterial Property
Authors: Ajiro Hiroharu , Ito Shogo , Kan Kai , Akashi Mitsuru 
Published: January 2016

Using different type of initiators, the antibacterial moieties are introduced at the chain end of poly(L,L‐lactide) (PLLA) and poly(D,D‐lactide) (PDLA), and the thermal properties are simultaneously improved using the stereocomplex approach. The physical interaction of polymers and antibacterial compounds is investigated. The double bonds at the chain end are utilized for the interaction of silver ion; however, the silver ions are not detected after stereocomplexation of PLLA and PDLA. On the other hand, catechin (CT) is selected as an initiator precursor of lactide polymerization, protecting the phenolic hydroxyl groups. The linear PLLA and PDLA are obtained by the initiator, resulting in CT conjugated PLAs at the chain end groups after deprotection of phenolic hydroxyl groups. The antibacterial properties are determined by proliferation tests of staphylococcus aureus. The results suggest that the antibacterial properties of CT modified PLAs are derived from the original CT parts.
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miRNA‐Regulated Key Components of Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Sharma Ashish Ranjan , Sharma Garima , Lee Sang‐Soo , Chakraborty Chiranjib 
Published: January 2016

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease that primarily affects joints. This autoimmune disease pathogenesis is related to cytokine signaling. In this review, we have described the existence of various microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in regulation of major protein cascades of cytokine signaling associated with RA. Moreover, we have tried to portray the role of various miRNAs in different cytokines such as TNF‐α, IL‐1, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐17, IL‐18, IL‐21, and granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GMCSF). Along with this, we have also discussed the miRNA regulation in T cells and synovial tissue. From the analyzed data, we suggest that miR‐146a and miR‐155 might be the potential therapeutic target for treating RA. The insight illustrated in this review will offer a better understanding of the role of miRNA in cytokine signaling pathways and inflammation during RA and could project them as diagnostic or therapeutic agents in near future.