bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Evolution of Family Farms in Poland: Present Time and the Weight of the Past
Authors: Halamska Maria 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The author provides an analysis of family farming in Poland during the period 1990-2012, with special attention towards the close links of ownership and the operation of the farm by family members. The weight of various factors is given close attention, including the historical context of the farm, current conditions, and future intentions for the farm.
The historical context acknowledges and stresses the importance of the late abolition of serfdom made by the partitioning powers, various agricultural reforms during the period 1919-1944, and the period 1948-1989 (when family farming was incorporated into a deficient centrally planned economy). This latter period saw family farms developing specific mechanisms of functioning, which can be seen two decades later. Analysis of the period 1990-2012 is based on data of the Central Statistical Office, the present study, and other published materials. The data series includes individual farms of more than 1 ha, based on family labour.
Separated are two sub-periods: the post-communist transformation period from the early 1990s, and the period 2002-2012. The latter almost coincides with the accession to the EU. In the first period, the article outlines the process of creating duality in Polish agriculture. This describes a group of family farms where the household strongly reacted to the market and became larger and modernised (professional – 1/3 of the total) and small, extensive and producing mainly for own consumption (semi-subsistence – 2/3). In the second period, the functioning and transformation of households taking place under the CAP are examined. Modernisation is primarily seen on the professional farm. Specific mechanisms can be seen that provide fairly stable functioning of semisubsistence farms, independent of the market, with non-farm incomes and agricultural social security. These farms resisted collectivisation and stopped and hindered modernisation during the communist period, and this post-communist transformation now requires a doubly controlled modernisation process.
Cultural and Regional Characterictics of Poverty Segregations
Authors: Siptár Dávid , Tésits Róbert , Alpek Levente 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The process of segregation is a complex problem affecting both developed and developing states; it is influenced by territorial, historical, demographic and economic impacts. To solve this growing problem, we must know how it is influenced by different factors. In this case, we are able to describe the appropriate strategy. This study examines the characteristics of poverty’s regional segregation in Baranya county, Hungary. It describes and analyses the regularities and correlations at NUTS 3 level and compares four segregated living spaces in different areas of the county. Our theory postulates that segregation has different bases and different attributions according to geographical localisation. Due to the different and well-chosen research areas, this study is able to highlight these aforementioned regional differences and characteristics. According to the results, we create a standardisation system to form the basis for future studies and strategies. After all of the study analyses, the local conditions are categorised based on the previously established standardisation system. The results of this study can help manage the problems of marginalised social groups and territorial segregation and also create a strategy to handle them.
Borderlands of the Countryside. Dilemmas of the Quality of Life – Experience of the Polish Transformation
Authors: Dziubacka Krystyna , Pilarska Justyna 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This study is a reflection on the quality of life of the countryside dwellers in the Polish–German borderland. It has been assumed that the assessment made is conditioned by the consequences of changes within the functioning of the state borders. Based on the findings from the research conducted in 1993 and 2010, an analysis of the changes of social reality in the place of the countryside dwellers’ residence was made, followed by an attempt to define determinants of the attitude of the countryside dwellers towards given social, economic and political aspects of the reality, as assessed and expressed by them.
α1-antitrypsin Deficiency: A Misfolded Secretory Protein Variant with Unique Effects on the Endoplasmic Reticulum
Authors: Perlmutter David H 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn the classical form of α1-antitrypsin deficiency (ATD) a point mutation leads to accumulation of a misfolded secretory glycoprotein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of liver cells and so ATD has come to be considered a prototypical ER storage disease . It is associated with two major types of clinical disorders, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by lossof- function mechanisms and hepatic cirrhosis and carcinogenesis by gain-of-function mechanisms. The lung disease predominantly results from proteolytic damage to the pulmonary connective tissue matrix because of reduced levels of protease inhibitor activity of α1-anitrypsin (AT) in the circulating blood and body fluids. Cigarette smoking is a powerful disease-promoting modifier but other modifiers are known to exist because variation in the lung disease phenotype is still found in smoking and non-smoking homozygotes. The liver disease is highly likely to be caused by the proteotoxic effects of intracellular misfolded protein accumulation and a high degree of variation in the hepatic phenotype among affected homozygotes has been hypothetically attributed to genetic and environmental modifiers that alter proteostasis responses. Liver biopsies of homozygotes show intrahepatocytic inclusions with dilation and expansion of the ER and recent studies of iPS-derived hepatocyte-like cells from individuals with ATD indicate that the changes in the ER directly vary with the hepatic phenotype i.e there is much lesser alteration in the ER in cells derived from homozygotes that do not have clinically significant liver disease. From a signaling perspective, studies in mammalian cell line and animal models expressing the classical α1-antitrypsin Z variant (ATZ) have found that ER signaling is perturbed in a relatively unique way with powerful activation of autophagy and the NFκB pathway but relatively limited, if any, UPR signaling. It is still not known how much these unique structural and functional changes and the variation among affected homozygotes relate to the tendency of this variant to polymerize and aggregate and/ or to the repertoire of proteostasis mechanisms that are activated.
Fourth power moment of coefficients of automorphic L-functions for
GL(m)
Authors: Jiang Yujiao , Lü Guangshi 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Let π be a unitary cuspidal automorphic representation for

GL
m

⁢

(

𝔸
ℚ

)

{\mathrm{GL}_{m}(\mathbb{A}_{\mathbb{Q}})}

, and let

L
⁢

(
s
,
π
)

{L(s,\pi)}

be the automorphic L-function
attached to π, which has a Dirichlet series expression in the half-plane

ℜ
⁡
s

>
1

{\Re s>1}

, i.e.

L
⁢

(
s
,
π
)

=

∑

n
=
1

∞

λ
π

⁢

(
n
)

n
s

.

L(s,\pi)=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{\lambda_{\pi}(n)}{n^{s}}.

In this paper we are interested in the upper bound of the fourth power moment of

λ
π

⁢

(
n
)

{\lambda_{\pi}(n)}

, i.e.

∑

n
≤
x

λ
π

⁢

(
n
)

4

{\sum_{n\leq x}\lambda_{\pi}(n)^{4}}

.
If

m
=
2

{m=2}

, we are able to consider the sixteenth power moment of

λ
π

⁢

(
n
)

{\lambda_{\pi}(n)}

.
As an application, we consider the lower bound of

∑

n
≤
x

|

λ
π

⁢

(
n
)

|

{\sum_{n\leq x}\lvert\lambda_{\pi}(n)\rvert}

, which improves previous results.
Halogenoheterocyclization of 2-(allylthio)quinolin-3-carbaldehyde and 2-(propargylthio)quinolin-3-carbaldehyde
Authors: Onysko Mykhailo , Filak Igor , Lendel Vasil 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The reaction of 2-allyl(propargyl)thioquinolin-3-carbaldehyde with halogens (Br or I) results in formation of 1-halogenomethyl(halogenomethylidene)-4-formyl-1,2-dihydrothiazolo[3,2-a]-quinolinium trihalogenide. In the case of the propargylic derivative the process is stereoselective.
An unusually long electric wire in a urethra and bladder
Authors: Gupta Sandeep , Jain Pritesh , Pal Dilip Kumar , Banerjee Manju 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Foreign bodies in the urethra and bladder are mostly due to self-insertion, iatrogenic insertion, migration from surrounding organs or through penetrating injuries. Self-insertion of a foreign body through the urethra is mostly related to sexual gratification, psychiatric conditions or to get relief from the intractable voiding symptoms. We present a case of a 17-year-old male who self-introduced an extremely long 120 cm electrical wire into his bladder for sexual gratification. The wire was removed by supra-pubic cystotomy to avoid urethral injuries.
Prevalence of physical inactivity and its association on oral conditions in adolescents
Authors: Viana Michelly , Amorim Renan , Pamato Saulo , Honório Heitor Marques , Pereira Jefferson Ricardo 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Background:
The Brazilian population presents an ever-increasing number of sedentary people with poor oral health issues, including children and adolescents. Both physical inactivity and poor oral health have shown associations with various systemic diseases.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to verify the association between physical inactivity and oral health conditions.

Subjects:
Three hundred and fifty-three adolescents (mean age 13 and 17 years).

Methods:
An epidemiological cross-sectional study. Assessment of the presence of caries was made by using the decayed, missing, filled (DMF) index. Gingival bleeding and quality of oral hygiene were also examined to evaluate the oral conditions. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ-C) was used to assess physical activity. The confidence parameter was set at p=0.05.

Results:
The results of this study showed that 74.3% were sedentary adolescents, the great majority of whom were girls (86.4%, p=0.001). There was a positive association between sedentary lifestyle and tooth decay (p=0.001), dental plaque (p=0.009), and time spent watching television (p=0.001).

Conclusion:
This study concluded that there was a positive association between physical inactivity and poor oral health.
Mining Dynamics: Using Data Mining Techniques to Analyze Multi-agent Learning
Authors: Sherief Abdallah 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Analyzing the learning dynamics in multi-agent systems (MASs) has received growing attention in recent years. Theoretical analysis of the dynamics was only possible in simple domains and simple algorithms. When one or more of these restrictions do not apply, theoretical analysis becomes prohibitively difficult, and researchers rely on experimental analysis instead. In experimental analysis, researchers have used some global performance metric(s) as a rough approximation to the internal dynamics of the adaptive MAS. For example, if the overall payoff improved over time and eventually appeared to stabilize, then the learning dynamics were assumed to be stable as well. In this paper, we promote a middle ground between the thorough theoretical analysis and the high-level experimental analysis. We introduce the concept of mining dynamics and propose data-mining-based methodologies to analyze multi-agent learning dynamics. Using our methodologies, researchers can identify clusters of learning parameter values that lead to similar performance, and discover frequent sequences in agent dynamics. We verify the potential of our approach using the well-known iterated prisoner’s dilemma (with multiple states) domain.
Relationship between 25(OH)D levels and circulating lipids in African American adolescents
Authors: Sriram Swetha , Croghan Ivana , Lteif Aida , Donelan-Dunlap Bonnie , Li Zhuo , Kumar Seema 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackground:Vitamin D deficiency is commonly seen among African American adolescents. Lipid levels during childhood are excellent predictors of adult dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. There is a paucity of data on the relationship between 25 hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and lipids among African American adolescents. The objective of this study was to determine if there is an association between 25(OH)D levels and circulating lipids in African American adolescents residing in midwestern United States.Methods:African American adolescents residing in Rochester, MN (latitude 44°N), USA, underwent measurements of 25(OH)D and lipids following overnight fast. Pearson’s correlation test, linear regression model and scatter plots were used to explore the association between 25(OH)D levels and lipids.Results:25(OH)D levels <30 ng/mL were seen in 21/24 (87%) of the subjects. 25(OH)D levels were inversely correlated with total cholesterol (r=–0.42; p=0.040) and with non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol (r=–0.42; p=0.040 ). These associations remained statistically significant after adjustment for age, gender and adiposity. In the multivariate linear regression model, and after adjusting for BMI Z-score, each 1 ng/mL increase in 25(OH)D was associated with a decrease in total cholesterol of 1.38 mg/dL (95% CI: –2.63, –0.14, p=0.030) and with a decrease in non-HDL cholesterol of 1.14 mg/dL (95% CI: –2.09, –0.18, p=0.020).Conclusions:25(OH)D levels were inversely correlated with total cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol levels in African American adolescents residing in midwestern United States. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to determine if low vitamin D status in African American adolescents is a potential modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
Ethnicity and incidence of congenital hypothyroidism in the capital of Macedonia
Authors: Anastasovska Violeta , Kocova Mirjana 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackground:Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a common and preventable cause of intellectual disability for which early diagnosis is difficult without newborn screening. Genetic and environmental factors, race, ethnicity, sex, and pregnancy outcomes were noted as risk factors. In the study we aimed to determine the incidence of CH among different ethnic groups in the capital of Macedoina – a multiethnic city.Methods:A 14-year retrospective cohort analysis was performed on 121,507 newborns in the capital of Macedonia, Skopje, screened for whole-blood thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), in dry blood spots collected 48–72 h after birth, during the period 2002–2015. A TSH value of 15 mIU/L was used as cutoff point until 2010 and 10 mIU/L thereafter.Results:Primary CH was detected in 46 newborns (female to male ratio 1.3) with overall incidence of 3.8/10,000 (1/2641). The incidence of primary CH was significantly increased after lowering the TSH cutoff value (p=0.038), primarily due to detected neonates with transient CH for this period. Ethnic differences in the incidence of primary CH were detected. CH incidence among Roma neonates (6.7/10,000) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the incidence detected in Macedonians (3.9/10,000) or Albanians (3.7/10,000).Conclusions:Increased incidence of CH in Roma newborns was detected as compared to other ethnicities in the capital of Macedonia. Further analysis of factors in direct interrelationship with the increased CH incidence in Roma newborns, as well as elucidation of impact of the CH incidence in this ethnicity on the overall incidence in Skopje, is warranted.
Current status of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT): genetic counseling, dominant methods and overall performance
Authors: Harasim Thomas , Rost Imma , Klein Hanns-Georg 
Published: September 2016

Abstract:
The introduction of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) into prenatal care represents a paradigm shift. With the absence of any intervention risk in contrast to invasive diagnostic procedures, NIPT has been widely adopted for the detection of fetal trisomy 13, 18 and 21. Additionally, fetal sex chromosome aneuploidy testing and sex determination are available, but can be compromised by both, medical and legal factors. Available validation studies were predominantly based on patients with a high a priori aneuploidy risk, determined by trimester screening or invasive diagnostics. In this review, we discuss the interpretation of NIPT results in context of patient specific risk constellations, the available performance data and dominant methodical approaches of NIPT including necessary content of genetic counseling.
Redetermination of the crystal structure of potassium lithium molybdate monohydrate, KLiMoO4·H2O
Authors: Park Garam , Oh In-Hwan , Kyeong Yu Su , Park Hyun-Min , Kim Ho-Sung 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
H2KLiMoO5, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 10.606(1) Å, b = 7.742(1) Å, c = 12.845(2) Å, V = 1054.8(2) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0333, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0749, T = 298(2) K.
A technical study to economize the amount of zinc used in the production of radiogallium
Authors: Kandil Shaban A. , Al-Abyad Mogahed , Szűcs Zoltan 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
For the production of radiogallium, the targets were prepared in two forms, namely, electroplated metal and pressed oxide. The target holder was selected from Cu-metal as a circular disk. The experimental yields of 66,67,68Ga produced from both irradiated natZnO and zinc metal targets are given and compared with the estimated yields as well as with the previously reported values. The ZnO target developed in this work appears to be more convenient and economical for local production of short-lived radiogallium, e.g. 66Ga and 68Ga.
Chemometrical analysis of fingerprints for the detection of counterfeit and falsified medicines
Authors: Custers Deborah , Courselle Patricia , Apers Sandra , Deconinck Eric 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Counterfeit medicines pose a major threat to public health worldwide. These pharmaceuticals are mostly manufactured without respecting Good Manufacturing Practices. Moreover, they are not subjected to any form of quality control, and therefore their safety, efficacy, and quality cannot be guaranteed. Extensive research on counterfeit medicines has already been performed and published in literature. This review aims at providing an updated overview of the use of fingerprints and subsequent multivariate (chemometrical) data analysis in the field of counterfeit medicine detection. Fingerprinting could be a useful tool in the analysis of counterfeit medicines because it generates a holistic view of a sample, rather than focusing on specific and predefined characteristics, such as identification and quantification of present active pharmaceutical ingredients. This review first provides an introduction into the counterfeiting problem. Next, the concept of fingerprinting and the basic principles of chemometrics are explained, followed by a description of the successful application of fingerprints in the field of Pharmacognosy. The last part of this review provides an overview describing the use of fingerprints in counterfeit medicine research.
Cinacalcet versus Parathyroidectomy in the Treatment of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Post Renal Transplantation
Authors: Soliman Amin R. , Maamoun Hoda A. , Soliman Mahmoud A. , Darwish Hatem , Elbanna Esam 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Background. Persistent hyperparathyroidism (HPT) with hypercalcemia is prevalent after transplant and is considered a risk factor for progressive bone loss and fractures and vascular calcification, as well as the development of tubulointerstitial calcifications of renal allografts and graft dysfunction. The subtotal parathyroidectomy is the standard treatment, although currently it has been replaced by the calcimimetic cinacalcet.
Aim. The hypothesis of this study is that subtotal parathyroidectomy is superior to cinacalcet for treatment of persistent secondary parathyroidectomy post renal transplant, with minimal morbidity and significantly it reduces the cost of treatment after transplantation.
Methods. We report our long-term clinical experience with either cinacalcet or parathyroidectomy in 59 kidney transplant recipients with hyperparathyroidism. Group one included medical treatment with cinacalcet and had 45 patients while parathyroidectomy patients (group 2) were 16 patients with two of them excluded because of surgical failure.
Results. No difference was found between groups for any parameter. A greater short-term change of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis obtained by surgery than by cinacalcet, and in long term change, no significant difference between the two groups.
Conclusions: The main findings of this study are that correction of severe hyperparathyroidism was similar in both surgical and cinacalcet groups with the absence of a difference of long-term serum iPTH 1-84 levels between the two groups.
Optimization of multi-sandwich-panel composite structures for minimum weight with strength and buckling considerations
Authors: Fan Hai-Tao , Wang Hai , Chen Xiu-Hua 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
A genetic algorithm-based method is proposed to globally optimize the stacking sequence of multi-sandwich-panel composite structures for minimum weight with strength and buckling considerations. The prerequisites for the continuity between sandwich panels are first studied. To implement the summarized continuity rules in the evolutionary optimization, three newly constructed chromosomes are developed to encode the global stacking sequence with no additional repair. Genetic operators, including specialized mutation, swapping and crossover operators, are also developed to effectively explore the design space and keep the continuity rules followed. The Hashin criterion and maximum stress criterion are used to evaluate the strength of sandwich panels. A typical multi-sandwich-panel composite structure with identical and different core thicknesses is optimized to verify the validity and efficiency of the proposed method. It is found that much lighter solutions are obtained with an acceptable efficiency in all cases. It is also found that the weight of the multi-sandwich-panel composite structures can be further reduced when the core thicknesses are not identical.
Structure and microwave absorbing properties of carbon-filled ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene
Authors: Gulbin Victor N. , Tcherdyntsev Victor V. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Colloid composition based on the nanosized carbon powder, dispersed in complex mineral solvent, was elaborated. It was found that the composition can be used both as surface coating and as filler for an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene matrix. A study of electromagnetic wave absorption showed that the coatings and composites thus obtained possess high microwave protection properties. Wave absorption of a coating 50 μm thick varies from −5 to −25 dB depending on frequency. A study of polymer composites filled with colloid composition, showed that increase in the filler content leads to the transition from chaotically dispersed to the oriented distribution of colloid composition particles in the polymer matrix. Tensile test showed that the polymer filled with colloid composition retains the mechanical properties close to those of pure ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). Microwave absorption gradually increases with increasing filler content in UHMWPE-based composites.