bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diachorionic Triamniotic Triplets—Saline Cardiac Tamponade for Fetal Reduction: A Novel Approach
Authors: Gupta Ashutosh , Vaid Arvind , Arora Rupam , Aggarwal Sagarika , Murdia Kshitiz 
Published: August 2016

AbstractArtificial reproductive techniques are helping the infertile couples to conceive but with an inherent risk of multifetal pregnancy. Multifetal pregnancies more so; multiple monochorionic pregnancies endanger both the fetus and the mother with an increased risk for morbidity and pregnancy loss. The reduction of multifetal pregnancy using Potassium chloride (KCl) is a usual procedure to reduce multiple pregnancies; but gets complicated in case of monochorionic multiple pregnancies like diachorionic trimnioitc triplets in which KCl cannot be used. In this scenario, the usual procedure for fetal reduction might endanger both the fetuses with common placenta (monochorionic twins). Normal saline was used to create cardiac tamponade to achieve cardiac asystole, which is a novel way of reducing the multiple fetuses with common placentas without an adverse effect on the other co-twin and effect of maternal spillage of the drug commonly used.
Structural performance of impact damaged and repaired concrete bridge girder using GFRP rebars
Authors: Yazdani Nur , Montero Maria A. D. L. F. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Overpass bridge girders are susceptible to impact damage of over-height vehicles, creating a traffic hazard and structural deficiency. The repair for a damaged girder has to meet adequate criteria for the safety, repair time and economy. This paper presents a case study for the repair of such an impact damaged concrete girder on the Lyndon B. Johnson Express construction project, located on I-635 and I-35 freeways in Dallas, Texas. The impact caused concrete loss and exposed several prestressing strands on the exterior girder. The overpass had been completed while the old route was open below, causing a temporary vertical lower clearance than the final design, leading to the impact. The novel and innovative repair process involved fiber glass (GFRP) rebars, bonding epoxy and repair mortar. These rebars enhanced the flexural capacity of the repaired section and supplemented the mortar strength. Onsite load testing was employed to verify the performance of the repaired structure. Theoretical model of the composite girder before and after repair was employed. The strain data from the model compared well with the load testing data. The repair scheme drastically increased the stiffness of the damaged girder, resulting in about 50 % reduction in the bottom strains. The beneficial effect of the repair resulted in large increases in the net compressive stresses (200–300 %) at the girder bottom through the increase of the section stiffness and reduction of the gravity load stresses. Stresses remained well below the elastic range for concrete and the GFRP rebars.
Transmantle (intratelluric) fluid flows: a new model for plumes and plume magmatism
Authors: Zhatnuev N.S. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
A fluid model for the formation of mantle plumes is proposed. During the emission of gas from the Earth’s core, it accumulates as lenses at the core–mantle boundary. Reaching a critical size, the lenses burst out into the mantle and migrate to the surface. A relatively stationary transmantle fluid flow from the core–mantle boundary arises, which heats the mantle and the layer interacting with it. The flow stops in the base of the hard lithosphere and spreads laterally, causing its melting accompanied by the formation of magma chambers, which, reaching critical sizes, massively intrude and flow out.
Quantitative analysis of mass transfer during polymetamorphism in pelites of the Transangarian Yenisei Ridge
Authors: Likhanov I.I. , Reverdatto V.V. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The study provides geological, structural, mineralogical, petrological, and geochronological evidence for polymetamorphic evolution of gneisses from the Garevka complex of the Yenisei Ridge. The results of the study provide significant insight into the geochemical behavior of major and trace elements in zoned garnet crystals and mineral inclusions formed during prograde and retrograde metamorphism of pelitic rocks. It was shown that the concentrations of Y and HREE in garnet decrease with increasing P and T and increase with decreasing pressure and temperature. The combined study of multicomponent chemical zoning patterns of coexisting minerals and metamorphic mineral reactions in metapelites was conducted. The results show that the main reason for a drastic increase in CaO content in garnets during collisional metamorphism is a mass exchange between garnet and plagioclase. The deviation from this trend, as indicated by the concurrent increase in the grossular content of garnet and anorthite content of plagioclase, arises from the breakdown of epidote. The calculated metamorphic reactions, mass balance analysis, and changes in mineral chemistry during metamorphism reinforce the evidence for the isochemical character of processes with respect to most components of the system. The minimum volume of the system in which chemical exchange between reacting phases is balanced for all major and trace elements did not exceed ~1 mm3. The total HREE balance requires a greater reaction volume (up to ~8 mm3) involved in the redistribution of these elements, which provide evidence for their relatively higher mobility during metamorphism relative to other rare earth elements. The specific distribution and quite substantial mass transport of HREE are controlled by heterovalent isomorphic substitution between these elements and CaO in garnet.
Food assistance programmes are indirectly associated with anaemia status in children <5 years old in Mexico
Authors: Shamah-Levy Teresa , Méndez-Gómez-Humarán Ignacio , Gaona-Pineda Elsa B. , Cuevas-Nasu Lucia , Villalpando Salvador 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAnaemia in children is a public health concern in Mexico; Federal food assistance programmes are being implemented to prevent it. We undertook this research to investigate the indirect association between food assistance programmes (FAP) and anaemia through dietary and socio-economic conditions of beneficiary children. A structural equation model (SEM) was constructed to assess associations among FAP, dietary and socio-economic conditions, as well as anaemia. A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted based on a sample of 1214 households with children <5 years old, beneficiaries of two FAP:Prosperaand rescue from malnutrition with amaranth (RMA) and a comparison group in San Luis Potosí, Mexico. The SEM and a decomposition effect analysis revealed the existence of a significant indirect association of FAP on the prevalence of anaemia via dietary and socio-economic conditions in children under 5 years old. TheProsperaassistance programme showed a significant indirect positive association with the prevalence of anaemia (standard coefficient=0·027,P<0·031), and the RMA programme showed a significant indirect negative association with the prevalence of anaemia (standard coefficient=−0·029,P=0·047). There was a direct association between FAP and dietary and socio-economic conditions. FAP could indirectly modify the prevalence of anaemia in young children with a direct improvement on dietary and socio-economic conditions. The unexpected finding of the association between RMA, dietary and socio-economic conditions and the prevalence of anaemia reflects differences in the focus of the programmes.
Forest conservation incentives and deforestation in the Ecuadorian Amazon
Authors: JONES KELLY W. , HOLLAND MARGARET B. , NAUGHTON-TREVES LISA , MORALES MANUEL , SUAREZ LUIS , KEENAN KAYLA 
Published: August 2016

SUMMARYForest conservation incentives are a popular approach to combatting tropical deforestation. Here we consider a case where direct economic incentives for forest conservation were offered to newly titled smallholders in a buffer zone of a protected area in the northeastern Ecuadorian Amazon. We used quasi-experimental impact evaluation methods to estimate changes in forest cover for 63 smallholders enrolled in Ecuador's Socio Bosque program compared to similar households that did not enroll. Focus group interviews in 15 communities provided insight into why landowners enrolled in the program and how land use is changing. The conservation incentives program reduced average annual deforestation by 0.4–0.5% between 2011 and 2013 for those enrolled, representing as much as a 70% reduction in deforestation attributable to Socio Bosque. Focus group interviews suggested that some landowners chose to ‘invest’ in conservation because the agricultural capacity of their land was limited and economic incentives provided an alternative livelihood strategy. Interviews, however, indicated limits to increasing enrollment rates under current conditions, due to lack of trust and liquidity constraints. Overall, a hybrid public–private governance approach can lead to larger conservation outcomes than restrictions alone.
Health, wealth and party in inter-war London
Authors: SEYMOUR JANE K. , GORSKY MARTIN , HAJAT SHAKOOR 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThis article examines public health spending, health outcomes and political complexion in London's 28 Metropolitan Borough Councils (MBCs) in the inter-war period. It describes the place of the MBCs in the governance of the capital and demonstrates the variety of experience across the different boroughs in terms of wealth, politics and mortality. Searching for potential causes of differences in outcomes, it discovers some positive statistical relationships between the extent of Labour party presence on the councils, local spending and health outcomes. Our tentative conclusion is that local democratic processes could lead to distinctive and beneficial public health policies, albeit within the context of other local and structural determining factors.
Modelling the reverse select and ultimate mortality experience of UK ill-health retirement occupational pension scheme members
Authors: Hall Mary , Daly Linda 
Published: August 2016

AbstractRetirements from the workforce can be split between those who are forced to retire early specifically for health reasons referred to as ill-health retirements and all other retirements referred to as normal-health retirements. Rates of ill-health retirement increase with age and are higher for females than males. Consequently, the mortality experience of ill-health retirement pensioners will become more important in the future as pension schemes increase their normal retirement age in line with increases in life expectancy and the proportion of women in the workforce and therefore in occupational pension schemes increases. This paper seeks to model the mortality of ill-health retirements from occupational pension schemes in the United Kingdom in the period immediately following retirement (reverse select mortality) and over the longer term (ultimate mortality) allowing for age at retirement. Females experience a longer reverse select period than males and for both males and females the improvement in mortality rates over the reverse select period is greatest at younger ages. Post the reverse select period the effect of age at retirement decreases over time with ultimate mortality rates converging by the mid-eighties for males and females.
Tuneable on-demand single-photon source in the microwave range
Authors: Peng Z. H. , de Graaf S. E. , Tsai J. S. , Astafiev O. V. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAn on-demand single-photon source is a key element in a series of prospective quantum technologies and applications. Here we demonstrate the operation of a tuneable on-demand microwave photon source based on a fully controllable superconducting artificial atom strongly coupled to an open-ended transmission line. The atom emits a photon upon excitation by a short microwave π-pulse applied through a control line. The intrinsically limited device efficiency is estimated to be in the range 65–80% in a wide frequency range from 7.75 to 10.5 GHz continuously tuned by an external magnetic field. The actual demonstrated efficiency is also affected by the excited state preparation, which is about 90% in our experiments. The single-photon generation from the single-photon source is additionally confirmed by anti-bunching in the second-order correlation function. The source may have important applications in quantum communication, quantum information processing and sensing.
Probing the Spatial Organization of Molecular Complexes Using Triple-Pair-Correlation
Authors: Yin Yandong , Rothenberg Eli 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSuper-resolution microscopy coupled with multiplexing techniques can resolve specific spatial arrangements of different components within molecular complexes. However, reliable quantification and analysis of such specific organization is extremely problematic because it is frequently obstructed by random co-localization incidents between crowded molecular species and the intrinsic heterogeneity of molecular complexes. To address this, we present a Triple-Pair-Correlation (TPC) analysis approach for unbiased interpretation of the spatial organization of molecular assemblies in crowded three-color super-resolution (SR) images. We validate this approach using simulated data, as well as SR images of DNA replication foci in human cells. This demonstrates the applicability of TPC in deciphering the specific spatial organization of molecular complexes hidden in dense multi-color super-resolution images.
CAPS1 stabilizes the state of readily releasable synaptic vesicles to fusion competence at CA3–CA1 synapses in adult hippocampus
Authors: Shinoda Yo , Ishii Chiaki , Fukazawa Yugo , Sadakata Tetsushi , Ishii Yuki , Sano Yoshitake , Iwasato Takuji , Itohara Shigeyoshi , Furuichi Teiichi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCalcium-dependent activator protein for secretion 1 (CAPS1) regulates exocytosis of dense-core vesicles in neuroendocrine cells and of synaptic vesicles in neurons. However, the synaptic function of CAPS1 in the mature brain is unclear because Caps1 knockout (KO) results in neonatal death. Here, using forebrain-specific Caps1 conditional KO (cKO) mice, we demonstrate, for the first time, a critical role of CAPS1 in adult synapses. The amplitude of synaptic transmission at CA3–CA1 synapses was strongly reduced and paired-pulse facilitation was significantly increased, in acute hippocampal slices from cKO mice compared with control mice, suggesting a perturbation in presynaptic function. Morphological analysis revealed an accumulation of synaptic vesicles in the presynapse without any overall morphological change. Interestingly, however, the percentage of docked vesicles was markedly decreased in the Caps1 cKO. Taken together, our findings suggest that CAPS1 stabilizes the state of readily releasable synaptic vesicles, thereby enhancing neurotransmitter release at hippocampal synapses.
Demographic comparison and population projection of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) reared on sugarcane at different temperatures
Authors: Peng Lu , Miao Yunxin , Hou Youming 
Published: August 2016

AbstractUnderstanding how temperature affects fitness is important for conservation and pest management, especially in the era of global climate change. Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Oliver) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a worldwide pest of many economically important crops. Although much is known about this pest’s life cycle, its adaptability to different temperatures is not fully understood. Here, we used age- and stage-specific life tables to investigate the effects of temperature on fitness-related traits and demographic parameters of R. ferrugineus under eight constant temperature regimens in the laboratory. The growth potential of these populations was also evaluated. The greatest longevity for males and females was 158.0 d at 24 °C and 144.5 d at 21 °C, respectively, but mean total fecundity was the highest at 27 °C. The intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ) and net reproductive rate (R0) increased initially at low temperatures and then decreased. All metrics reached a maximum at 27 °C and a minimum at 36 °C. Mean generation times (T ) decreased across the temperature range with a minimum at 36 °C. Our results indicate that the optimum temperature for growth of R. ferrugineus was approximately 27 °C. Our work will be of value for developing strategies for control management of this pest species.
Spike-Threshold Variability Originated from Separatrix-Crossing in Neuronal Dynamics
Authors: Wang Longfei , Wang Hengtong , Yu Lianchun , Chen Yong 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe threshold voltage for action potential generation is a key regulator of neuronal signal processing, yet the mechanism of its dynamic variation is still not well described. In this paper, we propose that threshold phenomena can be classified as parameter thresholds and state thresholds. Voltage thresholds which belong to the state threshold are determined by the ‘general separatrix’ in state space. We demonstrate that the separatrix generally exists in the state space of neuron models. The general form of separatrix was assumed as the function of both states and stimuli and the previously assumed threshold evolving equation versus time is naturally deduced from the separatrix. In terms of neuronal dynamics, the threshold voltage variation, which is affected by different stimuli, is determined by crossing the separatrix at different points in state space. We suggest that the separatrix-crossing mechanism in state space is the intrinsic dynamic mechanism for threshold voltages and post-stimulus threshold phenomena. These proposals are also systematically verified in example models, three of which have analytic separatrices and one is the classic Hodgkin-Huxley model. The separatrix-crossing framework provides an overview of the neuronal threshold and will facilitate understanding of the nature of threshold variability.
Surface thermal oxidation on titanium implants to enhance osteogenic activity and in vivo osseointegration
Authors: Wang Guifang , Li Jinhua , Lv Kaige , Zhang Wenjie , Ding Xun , Yang Guangzheng , Liu Xuanyong , Jiang Xinquan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThermal oxidation, which serves as a low-cost, effective and relatively simple/facile method, was used to modify a micro-structured titanium surface in ambient atmosphere at 450 °C for different time periods to improve in vitro and in vivo bioactivity. The surface morphology, crystallinity of the surface layers, chemical composition and chemical states were evaluated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Cell behaviours including cell adhesion, attachment, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation were observed in vitro study. The ability of the titanium surface to promote osseointegration was evaluated in an in vivo animal model. Surface thermal oxidation on titanium implants maintained the microstructure and, thus, both slightly changed the nanoscale structure of titanium and enhanced the crystallinity of the titanium surface layer. Cells cultured on the three oxidized titanium surfaces grew well and exhibited better osteogenic activity than did the control samples. The in vivo bone-implant contact also showed enhanced osseointegration after several hours of oxidization. This heat-treated titanium enhanced the osteogenic differentiation activity of rBMMSCs and improved osseointegration in vivo, suggesting that surface thermal oxidation could potentially be used in clinical applications to improve bone-implant integration.
Regulation of the actin cytoskeleton by the Ndel1-Tara complex is critical for cell migration
Authors: Hong Ji-Ho , Kwak Yongdo , Woo Youngsik , Park Cana , Lee Seol-Ae , Lee Haeryun , Park Sung Jin , Suh Yeongjun , Suh Bo Kyoung , Goo Bon Seong , Mun Dong Jin , Sanada Kamon , Nguyen Minh Dang , Park Sang Ki 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNuclear distribution element-like 1 (Ndel1) plays pivotal roles in diverse biological processes and is implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple neurodevelopmental disorders. Ndel1 function by regulating microtubules and intermediate filaments; however, its functional link with the actin cytoskeleton is largely unknown. Here, we show that Ndel1 interacts with TRIO-associated repeat on actin (Tara), an actin-bundling protein, to regulate cell movement. In vitro wound healing and Boyden chamber assays revealed that Ndel1- or Tara-deficient cells were defective in cell migration. Moreover, Tara overexpression induced the accumulation of Ndel1 at the cell periphery and resulted in prominent co-localization with F-actin. This redistribution of Ndel1 was abolished by deletion of the Ndel1-interacting domain of Tara, suggesting that the altered peripheral localization of Ndel1 requires a physical interaction with Tara. Furthermore, co-expression of Ndel1 and Tara in SH-SY5Y cells caused a synergistic increase in F-actin levels and filopodia formation, suggesting that Tara facilitates cell movement by sequestering Ndel1 at peripheral structures to regulate actin remodeling. Thus, we demonstrated that Ndel1 interacts with Tara to regulate cell movement. These findings reveal a novel role of the Ndel1-Tara complex in actin reorganization during cell movement.
Distinct response of the hepatic transcriptome to Aflatoxin B1 induced hepatocellular carcinogenesis and resistance in rats
Authors: Shi Jiejun , He Jiangtu , Lin Jing , Sun Xin , Sun Fenyong , Ou Chao , Jiang Cizhong 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAflatoxin is a natural potent carcinogen and a major cause of liver cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms of hepatocellular carcinogenesis remain largely unexplored. In this study, we profiled global gene expression in liver tissues of rats that developed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) administration and those that were AFB1-resistant, as well as rats without AFB1 exposure as a control. AFB1 exposure resulted in extensive perturbation in gene expression with different functions in HCC and AFB1 resistance (AR) samples. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in HCC sample were enriched for cell proliferation, cell adhesion and vasculature development that largely contribute to carcinogenesis. Anti-apoptosis genes were up-regulated in HCC sample whereas apoptosis-induction genes were up-regulated in AR sample. AFB1 exposure also caused extensive alteration in expression level of lncRNAs. Among all the 4511 annotated lncRNAs, half of them were highly expressed only in HCC sample and up-regulated a group of protein-coding genes with cancer-related functions: apoptosis regulation, DNA repair and cell cycle. Intriguingly, these genes were down-regulated by lncRNAs highly expressed in AR sample. Collectively, apoptosis is the critical biological process for carcinogenesis in response to AFB1 exposure through changes in expression level of both protein-coding and lncRNA genes.
Terminal care of the dying patient, supporting their family and ethical considerations
Authors: Burke Katharine , Noble Simon , Wee Bee , Noble Bill 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This chapter is concerned with the management of the dying patient at the very end of life and we include some objectives and knowledge set out in the Intercollegiate Surgical Curriculum Module 8 Management of the dying patient. Consent and ethical issues in patients certified DNAR (do not attempt resuscitation) are discussed and paragraphs on recognizing dying and terminal care are set together with consideration of how to communicate with the terminally ill patient and their relatives appropriately and with empathy. You will see at the beginning of some paragraphs, references to e-ELCA, an on-line learning resource for all healthcare professionals involved in care at the end of life, free to those who work in the UK. www.e-elca.org.uk