bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction. Between Protection and Harm. Negotiated Vulnerabilities in Asylum Laws and Bureaucracies
Authors: Leboeuf Luc , Brun Cathrine , Marchetti Sabrina 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis book started from a common observation: ‘Vulnerability’ is increasingly playing a role in institutional discourses and practices, when developing and implementing policies and measures towards migrants seeking protection (such as refugees and asylum seekers)—and this in a wide array of contexts, which range from organizing asylum processes in countries in the global north and evaluating asylum claims, to selecting refugees for resettlement, and to developing and implementing aid programmes for refugees in first countries of asylum that are also countries in the global south. ‘Vulnerability’ can be a criterion that asylum seekers and refugees should meet in view of accessing certain advantages—such as resettlement, specific services in reception facilities and camps (specialised healthcare, housing, etc), or procedural accommodations as part of the asylum process (additional support and delays in preparing the asylum interview, interview by a specially trained public servant, etc) (UNHCR, 2011; Dir 2013/33/EU; Dir 2013/32/EU). ‘Vulnerability’ can also be an overall consideration, to be integrated in transversal ways while designing asylum and migration policies, as well as the norms and guidelines that accompany their operationalisation (UNGA Res 73/195, Objective 7; Council of Europe, 2021). Yet, while attention to the vulnerabilities of migrants seeking protection reflects humanitarian concerns, its concrete effects still need to be considered from a critical perspective. As it plays an increasingly key role in the legal and bureaucratic processes that seek to identify migrants eligible for protection (such as the refugee status) and/or protection services (such as access to housing, food, healthcare, etc), ‘vulnerability’ turns into a selection-tool with implied exclusionary effects that may also cause harms.
Interdependencies of Vulnerability and Asylum Law Within the German Federal System
Authors: Junghans Jakob , Kluth Winfried 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThere are no concrete legal provisions for vulnerable asylum seekers, thus no binding regulations from the federal state. Instead, the concept of vulnerability is largely referred to informally in administrative regulations regarding certain groups, for instance those in receptions centres. Thus, there are no unified practices, which consequently produces inequal treatment of individuals depending on the localities they are assigned to or they arrived at. Comparing the various state practices and highlighting the experiences of asylum seekers, the chapter will question which approach is best suited to reduce the vulnerability of asylum seekers in Germany. It will utilize data collected through interviews with asylum seekers, public servants, social workers, and other relevant experts. As will be shown, the legal ambiguities—both at the federal and municipal level—have led to increasing differences in the municipalities and German states, which was also reflected in our interviewees’ experiences. These differences and the attempts of federal and state authorities to collaborate in matters of accommodation and return procedures will be discussed throughout this chapter, and what this all means for the vulnerability of asylum seekers.
A Whole-of-Society Approach to Vulnerabilities: Contestations and Unintended Effects
Authors: Nakueira Sophie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUganda hosts the largest refugee population in Africa and uses a whole-of-society (WoS) approach to refugee protection. This means that diverse state agencies and humanitarian aid organisations provide complementary humanitarian services and assistance within their respective mandates with the common goal of providing holistic refugee protection services. Within this model, refugees seeking humanitarian assistance are assessed and classified according to UNHCR’s universal vulnerability categories, and depending on the vulnerability criteria, their eligibility for humanitarian intervention is determined. This chapter argues that although the humanitarian system was designed to address the needs of the most vulnerable refugees holistically, implementation of programs using the WoS approach is fragmented in practice, and results in unintended effects that enhance existing vulnerabilities or produces new ones. The chapter relies on ethnographic data to provide empirically grounded explanations for the factors that impede the attainment of protection goals through an examination of the structure of humanitarian governance. It highlights the protection gaps that result the structure’s weaknesses and what this means for refugee protection.
A Place to Live: Views from Protection Seekers and Social Workers on Accommodation Issues in the Italian System
Authors: Carnassale Dany , Marchetti Sabrina 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this chapter we look at the issue of accommodation in government-run shelters for asylum seekers to contend that the management and organization of accommodations have important consequences on asylum seekers’ vulnerability. The opportunity/lack of such accommodation can shape their narratives about the asylum and migration experience, it can define their journeys, and can influence their relationships with other actors.Asylum seekers’ everyday narratives about accommodation provision powerfully illustrate the way in which institutional settings can have a double effect on vulnerable migrants, oscillating between a protective and harmful one. In this respect, the asylum system shows its capacity to tackle some vulnerabilities, whilst overlooking or even fostering other ‘situations of vulnerability’.In conclusion, this chapter will discuss accommodation provision as a key element in both a humanitarian and a restrictive perspective on asylum policies. This will be done thanks to research carried out in Italian reception centers, including interviews with migrants and social workers and 6-months ethnographic observations.
Time(S), Space(S) and Shapes of Vulnerabilities in the Belgian Asylum System
Authors: Crine Zoé , Flamand Christine , Raimondo Francesca 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis Chapter examines asylum seekers’ subjective experiences of time and temporalities in the Belgian asylum procedure. Based on a field study of the experiences of 39 asylum seekers, complemented by those of social workers, lawyers and, more generally, decision-makers, this Chapter argues that time is not a simple (trivial) parameter in the asylum procedure, but acts as a vector of vulnerability. Indeed, this work highlights that time here establishes a temporal order that is created by certain practices in various time-spaces connected to asylum (e.g., reception centres) leading to asylum seekers being exposed to certain risks that generate situations of vulnerability. These situations are articulated through different temporalities of asylum to which asylum seekers are subjected through their process in Belgium: temporalities of the road, administrative temporalities and more generally “imposed” temporalities. Those show that time has a real political dimension, in its dispossessing effects in the asylum system, that creates lack of predictability, and as a result, great uncertainty and disempowerment. Because it seeks to reflect on the effects of time and the vulnerabilities resulting from political practices, this Chapter is also an attempt to integrate the issue of vulnerability into existing work on time and migration.In this perspective, this work combines a legal approach (which legally clarifies the issue of vulnerability and the principle of reasonable deadlines) and a ethnographic one based on fieldwork with asylum seekers and more generally, “asylum stakeholders”. All in all, it aims to demonstrate how asylum practices over time characterize the experiences of asylum seekers by shaping their vulnerabilities in their daily interactions with asylum bodies in Belgium.
Accommodating Vulnerable Claimants in the Refugee Hearing: The Canadian Example
Authors: Purkey Anna , Nakache Delphine , Yousuf Biftu , Sagay Christiana 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Canadian protection regime has made many positive steps towards the recognition of migrant vulnerability. For example, Chairperson’s Guideline 8 from the Immigration and Refugee Board (IRB) was developed in 2006 (and subsequently revised over the years) to assist Canadian decision-makers to provide procedural accommodation(s) (e.g., priority processing of application, allowing a support person, or varying the order of questioning—accommodations that impact the process of the hearing, not the substantive outcome) for vulnerable individuals who are going through Canada’s inland refugee determination process. However, as is discussed in this chapter, our research found that practitioners, and even civil servants, have mixed perspectives on the success of translating this awareness into effective action. Despite these developments, refugee claimants are facing several challenges in asserting or ‘proving’ vulnerability and thus eligibility for procedural accommodation. Of particular concern is the difficulty with accessing psychological assessments for psychologically vulnerable asylum seekers and their inconsistent consideration by decision makers. Another key concern is the discretion exercised by decision-makers, both in terms of acknowledging vulnerability and in terms of determining what, if any, procedural accommodations are appropriate. While recent changes to Guideline 8 suggest a desire to address some of the challenges presented here, it remains to be seen whether this effort will be successful.
Ghost Distributions on Supersymmetric Spaces I: Koszul Induced Superspaces, Branching, and the Full Ghost Centre
Authors: Sherman Alexander 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGiven a Lie superalgebra $$\mathfrak {g}$$
g
, Gorelik defined the anticentre $$\mathcal {A}$$
A
of its enveloping algebra, which consists of certain elements that square to the center. We seek to generalize and enrich the anticentre to the context of supersymmetric pairs $$(\mathfrak {g},\mathfrak {k})$$

(
g
,
k
)

, or more generally supersymmetric spaces G/K. We define certain invariant distributions on G/K, which we call ghost distributions, and which in some sense are induced from invariant distributions on $$G_0/K_0$$

G
0

/

K
0

. Ghost distributions, and in particular their Harish-Chandra polynomials, give information about branching from G to a symmetric subgroup $$K'$$

K
′

which is related (and sometimes conjugate) to K. We discuss the case of $$G\times G/G$$

G
×
G
/
G

for an arbitrary quasireductive supergroup G, where our results prove the existence of a polynomial which determines projectivity of irreducible G-modules. Finally, a generalization of Gorelik’s ghost centre is defined which we call the full ghost centre, $$\mathcal {Z}_{full}$$

Z

full

. For type I basic Lie superalgebras $$\mathfrak {g}$$
g
we fully describe $$\mathcal {Z}_{full}$$

Z

full

, and prove that if $$\mathfrak {g}$$
g
contains an internal grading operator, $$\mathcal {Z}_{full}$$

Z

full

consists exactly of those elements in $$\mathcal {U}\mathfrak {g}$$

U
g

acting by $$\mathbb {Z}$$
Z
-graded constants on every finite-dimensional irreducible representation.
Gromov-Witten Invariants in Complex and Morava-Local K-Theories
Authors: Abouzaid Mohammed , McLean Mark , Smith Ivan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGiven a closed symplectic manifold X, we construct Gromov-Witten-type invariants valued both in (complex) K-theory and in any complex-oriented cohomology theory $\mathbb{K}$ which is Kp(n)-local for some Morava K-theory Kp(n). We show that these invariants satisfy a version of the Kontsevich-Manin axioms, extending Givental and Lee’s work for the quantum K-theory of complex projective algebraic varieties. In particular, we prove a Gromov-Witten type splitting axiom, and hence define quantum K-theory and quantum $\mathbb{K}$-theory as commutative deformations of the corresponding (generalised) cohomology rings of X; the definition of the quantum product involves the formal group of the underlying cohomology theory. The key geometric input of these results is a construction of global Kuranishi charts for moduli spaces of stable maps of arbitrary genus to X. On the algebraic side, in order to establish a common framework covering both ordinary K-theory and Kp(n)-local theories, we introduce a formalism of ‘counting theories’ for enumerative invariants on a category of global Kuranishi charts.
Human life expectancy and season of birth in Taiwan: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Nishimura Tsutomu , Nakatani Eiji , Lin Mei-Chen , Yamauchi Hiroyuki , Fukushima Masanori , Hsu Chung Y. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPrior research has indicated a correlation between the birth season and life expectancy; however, many of these studies did not sufficiently account for comorbidities. In this comprehensive investigation, we aimed to meticulously explore the association between the birth month and life expectancy, giving due consideration to comorbidities. We used a robust dataset derived from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database (2000–2013), which allowed us to conduct a thorough examination. We divided our participants into four groups based on their season of birth: spring, summer, autumn, and winter. Propensity score matching was used to ensure an equitable distribution of demographic and clinical characteristics across the groups. Propensity scores were computed using logistic regression. Our model incorporated a broad range of demographic factors and comorbidities, providing rigorous adjustment for potential confounders. Our findings revealed a significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality among individuals born in spring, even after stringent adjustment for demographic factors and comorbidities. People born in spring demonstrated a 1.05-fold increase in the risk of all-cause mortality, with a hazard ratio of 1.05 and a 95% confidence interval of 1.01–1.09. Our study provides compelling evidence that helps understand the potential long-term impacts of a person’s birth season, which acts as a proxy for pregnancy / early-life environmental exposure, on life expectancy. These findings underscore the crucial need for additional research to illuminate the underlying biological and environmental mechanisms linking the birth season and lifespan of a person. The elucidation of these links could guide the development of innovative health promotion and disease prevention strategies that are tailored to an individual’s birth season.
Topology optimisation of fibre-reinforced composites accounting for buckling resistance and manufacturability
Authors: Luo Yi-Rong , Hewson Robert , Santer Matthew 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA topology optimisation approach that accounts for buckling resistance and manufacturability using fibre-reinforced composites is presented. This approach combines topology optimisation and fibre orientation optimisation to achieve a design with maximum buckling resistance. To ensure the optimal designs can be manufactured using 3D printing, constraints based on the continuity of fibre orientation and fibre path generation are applied. A compressed column, a stubby cantilever and an MBB beam are designed to demonstrate the response of the topology and fibre orientation when accounting for buckling resistance, as well as the compromise due to the inclusion of manufacturing constraints. The results show that the presented approach successfully guarantees manufacturability with a significant increase in buckling resistance.
A novel underactuated smart surface for parts feeding and sorting
Authors: Bianchi Edoardo , Fantoni Gualtiero , Dueso Francisco Javier Brosed , Yagüe-Fabra José A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn material handling, numerous solutions have been proposed to enhance the flexibility and adaptability of transport systems. Among these solutions, smart surfaces stand out as one of the most interesting responses, utilizing an array of actuators for common feeding tasks. The current paper focuses on a novel system within this category, notable for its distinguishing factor of being underactuated. With this characteristic, the concept leads to a simplified cost-effective design and a not actively driven functioning, leveraging gravity or object own velocity to manipulate the material flow maintaining top class performances, as the sorting rate reaches 4000 pcs/h. Specifically, the article begins with an introduction of the concept design and its digital model, followed by a description of the experimental setup built to test the surface’s functionality and evaluate the predictions of the virtual counterpart. On top of that, a method to determine the essential parameters for the surface simulation is proposed and applied. As a result, the prototype successfully completed the three main intralogistic tasks experimented, i.e., sorting, slowing, and stopping of packages. Lastly, the digital model outcomes of the same operations were computed and compared with the measured results, demonstrating an accuracy of prediction with displacements and time errors below 7%.
Quantum Duality Maps, Skein Algebras and their Ensemble Compatibility
Authors: Ishibashi Tsukasa , Karuo Hiroaki 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe generalize the quantum duality map $$\mathbb {I}_{\mathcal {A}}$$

I
A

of Allegretti–Kim (Adv Math 306:1164–1208, 2017) for punctured closed surfaces to general marked surfaces. When the marked surface has no interior marked points, we investigate its compatibility with the quantum duality map $$\mathbb {I}_{\mathcal {X}}$$

I
X

on the dual side based on the quantum bracelets basis (Mandel and Qin in arXiv:2301.11101; Thurston in Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 111(27):9725–9732, 2014). Our construction factors through reduced stated skein algebras, based on the quantum trace maps (Lê in Quantum Topol 9(3):591–632, 2018) together with an appropriate way of skein lifting of integral $$\mathcal {A}$$
A
-laminations. We also give skein theoretic proofs for some expected properties of Laurent expressions, and positivity of structure constants for marked disks and a marked annulus.
Comparative Analysis of Transradial and Transfemoral Approaches in Transarterial Radioembolization for Liver Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Eldeeb Hatem Abdelmoneim , Shaaban Abdelgalil Mahmoud , Ghalwash Asem Ahmed , Elganady Asmaa , Qafesha Ruaa Mustafa , alkhawaldeh Ibraheem M. , Hindawi Mahmoud Diaa , Jaradat Jaber H. , Abduljalil Shabaan Mohamed , Abdelgawad Hussien Ahmed H. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Transarterial radioembolization (TARE) is a minimally invasive therapy combining embolization and radiation for cancer treatment. This meta-analysis compares radiation exposure, quality of life, and safety of the transradial (TRA) versus transfemoral (TFA) approaches in TARE for liver tumors.

Materials and Methods
We searched PubMed, SCOPUS, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Web of Science for studies comparing TRA versus TFA in TARE for liver tumors. Our primary outcomes focused on various measures of patient radiation exposure, including procedure time, fluoroscopy time, air kerma, and dose-area product (DAP). For secondary outcomes, we evaluated safety parameters, such as overall pain experienced during the procedure, pain in the recovery room post-procedure, the incidence of adverse events, and the impact on quality of life. Study quality was assessed using Cochrane’s ROB 2 tool for RCTs and the Newcastle–Ottawa scale for observational studies. Data analysis was conducted with REVMAN 5.4.1 software.

Results
Six studies, comprising one RCT and five cohort studies with 1,209 patients, underwent comprehensive analysis. The aggregated findings revealed a significant reduction in procedure duration associated with TRA (MD =− 6.30, 95% CI [− 9.88, − 2.73], P = 0.005). However, no statistically significant differences were found between TRA and TFA groups concerning fluoroscopy time, recovery time, air kerma, DAP, pain in the recovery room, overall pain during the procedure, quality of life measuring mental health and physical function or adverse events.

Conclusion
TRA and TFA showed comparable results in TARE for liver tumors, but TRA offered a shorter procedure time. Further RCTs with larger samples are needed to confirm these findings. Future studies should assess long-term efficacy for a more complete evaluation.

Graphical Abstract
Developing high-performance oxygen electrodes for intermediate solid oxide cells (SOC) prepared by Ce0.8Gd0.2O2−δ backbone infiltration
Authors: Aksoy Ömer Faruk , Lemieszek Bartłomiej , Murutoğlu Murat , Karczewski Jakub , Jasiński Piotr , Molin Sebastian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGd0.2Ce0.8O 2−δ (GDC) porous backbone infiltration with La0.6Sr0.4CoO3−δ (LSC), PrOx and LSC: PrOx as a composite oxygen electrode for intermediate solid oxide cells are conducted within the scope of this work. Samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). A uniform distribution of the infiltrated material inside the backbone and at the electrolyte-backbone interface was achieved. EIS measurements on the prepared symmetrical samples showed electrode polarization resistance (Rp) values of 0.029 Ω.cm², 0.23 Ω.cm², and 0.44 Ω.cm² for LSC, LSC: PrOx, and PrOx at 600 °C, respectively. Long-term stability measurements at 600 °C for 100 h showed a slight increase in polarization resistance during the measurement period. Fuel cell measurements of commercial cells (Elcogen) with porous oxygen electrode consisting of GDC infiltrated with LSC showed an increase in power density compared to the reference cell with a value of 0.53 W.cm− 2 obtained at 600 °C. It is proven that infiltration via polymeric precursor into porous scaffolds as backbone oxygen electrode layer is effective and convenient method to develop high performance and stable solid oxide cells.
Magma recharge at Manam volcano, Papua New Guinea, identified through thermal and SO2 satellite remote sensing of open-vent emissions
Authors: Cotterill Adam S. , Nicholson Emma J. , Hayer Catherine S. L. , Kilburn Christopher R. J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractManam is one of the most frequently active volcanoes in Papua New Guinea and is a top contributor to global volcanic volatile emissions due to its persistent open-vent degassing. Here, we present a multi-year time series (2018–2021) of thermal and SO2 emissions for Manam from satellite remote sensing, which we interpret in the context of open-vent feedback between magma supply, reservoir pressure, and outgassing. We classify the time series into four phases based on the varying SO2 flux and observe a transient, yet substantial, increase in time-averaged SO2 flux from background levels of ~ 0.6 to ~ 4.72 kt day−1 between March and July 2019. We also identify a transition from temporally coupled to decoupled gas and thermal emissions during this period which we explain in the context of a magma recharge event that supplied new, volatile-rich magma to the shallow plumbing system beneath Manam. We infer that the arrival of this recharge magma triggered the series of eruptions between August 2018 and March 2019. These explosive events collectively removed 0.18 km3 of degassed residual magma and signalled the onset of a renewed period of unrest that ultimately culminated in a major eruption on 28 June 2019. We quantify the magnitude of “excess” degassing at Manam after the removal of the inferred residual magma. SO2 emissions reveal that ~ 0.18 km3 of magma was supplied, but only ~ 0.08 km3 was erupted between April 2019 and December 2021. We highlight how multi-parameter remote sensing observations over months to years enable the interpretation of open-vent processes that may be missed by short-duration campaign measurements.