bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smart Girls
Authors: Pomerantz Shauna , Raby Rebecca 
Published: September 2017

Are girls taking over the world? It would appear so based on magazine covers, news headlines, and popularized books touting girls’ academic success. As a result, many in Western society assume that girls now play on an equal playing field so have nothing to complain about. But contrary to the widespread belief that girls have surpassed the need for support because they are ‘doing well’ in school, smart girls struggle in ways that have been made invisible. Why do some girls choose to dumb down? How do smart girls handle being labeled ‘nerd’ or ‘loner? How do they deal with stress, including the ‘Supergirl’ drive for perfection? How are race and class part of smart girls’ negotiations of academic success? And how do smart girls engage with the sexism that is still present in schools, in spite of messages to the contrary? Set against the powerful backdrops of post-feminism and neo-liberalism where girls are told they now ‘have it all’, Smart Girls sheds light on girls’ varied everyday experiences, strategic negotiations of traditional gender norms, and the savoring of success – all while keeping their eyes on an A+ and a bright future.
Opulence and Simplicity
Authors: Bandak Andreas 
Published: September 2017

In various forms of Catholicism sacrifice holds a central position. The centrality of the divine sacrifice literally embodied in the sacrament of the Eucharist works in a wider sense as a model for action and thought outside the Church as a place for worship. Sacrifice here places the individual in various positions of moral debt that one can more-or-less willingly work towards suspending. In Damascus, Syria, a popular Catholic ethic of simplicity often collides with clergy who appear to collect money for this-worldly purposes or for the sake of what is perceived as their own benefit. Lamentation over such perceived opulence attests to a tension between grace, gift, and debt. This chapter explores such tension in attending to how moral personhood is fashioned through various engagements with prayer, surrender, and debt. Where David Morgan has argued for a particular Catholic sacrificial economy (2009), wherein individuals are placed in charged relationships, this chapter examines the inherent tension between simplicity and opulence. Catholicism, it argues, may very well work by asserting a particular emphasis on the holy office that appear opulent, which necessitates a counter-movement in the form of purification and work towards greater simplicity.
Exceptional America
Authors: Jouet Mugambi 
Published: September 2017

Americans are far more divided than other Westerners over basic issues, including wealth inequality, health care, climate change, evolution, the literal truth of the Bible, apocalyptical prophecies, gender roles, abortion, gay rights, sexual education, gun control, mass incarceration, the death penalty, torture, human rights, and war. The intense polarization of U.S. conservatives and liberals has become a key dimension of American exceptionalism—an idea widely misunderstood as American superiority. It is rather what makes America an exception, for better or worse. While exceptionalism once was largely a source of strength, it may now spell decline, as unique features of U.S. history, politics, law, culture, religion, and race relations foster grave conflicts and injustices. They also shed light on the peculiar ideological evolution of American conservatism, which long predated Trumpism. Anti-intellectualism, conspiracy-mongering, radical anti-governmentalism, and Christian fundamentalism are far more common in America than Europe, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Drawing inspiration from Alexis de Tocqueville, Mugambi Jouet explores American exceptionalism’s intriguing roots as a multicultural outsider-insider. Raised in Paris by a French mother and Kenyan father, he then lived throughout America, from the Bible Belt to New York, California, and beyond. His articles have notably been featured in The New Republic, Slate, The San Francisco Chronicle, The Huffington Post, and Le Monde. He teaches at Stanford Law School.
How May I Help You?
Authors: Singh Deepak 
Published: September 2017

May I Help You? is Deepak Singh’s insightful and thought-provoking account of disillusionment when, as an educated upper-class Indian, he moves with his American wife to the United States and discovers that America doesn’t care if he has an MBA from India or had worked for the BBC. Like many immigrants before him, Singh discovers that in America employers only trust him with a minimum wage job as a clerk, but his disappointment and embarrassment soon give way to shock when he realizes that in this world of low-wage work he is joined not merely by other immigrants, but by many Americans, a whole swath of the citizenry who goes unacknowledged and unassisted in their struggles to make a living wage. In sincere and straightforward prose, Singh takes the reader along on his journey full of dismay and compassion when the expectations he had of the United States, built around interactions in India with well-educated, affluent expatriates, collide with the reality of a coworker who must skip lunch until payday and the customers who buy in anticipation of a paycheck.
Race and the Brazilian Body
Authors: Roth-Gordon Jennifer 
Published: September 2017

Based on the spontaneous conversations of shantytown youth hanging out on the streets of their neighborhoods and interviews from the comfortable living rooms of the middle class, Race and the Brazilian Body asks how racial ideas about the superiority of whiteness and the inferiority of blackness continue to play out in the daily lives of Rio de Janeiro’s residents. The book draws on over 20 years of research to explain what is called Brazil’s “comfortable racial contradiction,” in which embedded structural racism that very visibly privileges whiteness exists alongside a deeply held pride in the country’s history of racial mixture and lack of overt racial conflict. This linguistic and ethnographic account describes how cariocas (people who live in Rio de Janeiro) carefully “read” the body for racial signs. The amount of whiteness or blackness a body displays is determined not only through observations of phenotypical features, including skin color, hair texture, and facial features, but also through careful attention paid to cultural and linguistic practices, including the use of nonstandard speech that is commonly described as slang (gíria). It is through adherence to implicit social norms that encourage individuals to display whiteness (by demonstrating a “good appearance”), to avoid blackness, and to “be cordial” (by not noticing racial differences), that Rio residents determine who belongs on the world famous beaches of Copacabana, Ipanema, and Leblon, who deserves to shop in privatized, carefully guarded, air conditioned shopping malls, and who merits the rights of citizenship.
Ecological-Economic (Eco-Eco) Modelling in the River Basins of Mountainous Regions: Impact of Land Cover Changes on Sediment Yield in the Velicka Rijeka, Montenegro
Authors: SPALEVIC Velibor , LAKICEVIC Milan , RADANOVIC Dragan , BILLI Paolo , BAROVIC Goran , VUJACIC Dusko , SESTRAS Paul , KHALEDI DARVISHAN Abdulvahed 
Published: September 2017

This paper presents an Ecological-Economic (Eco-Eco) modelling using the Intensity of Erosion and Outflow (IntErO) model for calculation of sediment yield and runoff assessing the impacts of different land covers on soil erosion intensity. Calculations have been made for the Velicka River basin, which is one of 57 sub-basins of the Lim River in the Northeast Montenegro. Several different land use scenarios were then simulated in the model in order to find the optimal scenario of land use for intensive seed potato production. The results of Ecological (Eco-) analysis shown that the real soil loss under current conditions is 18148 m³yr-1. If seed potato production is introduced, the model calculated a soil loss of 20834 m³yr-1 as sediment yield. In order to balance the damage caused by the introduction of seed potato production we considered also the ecological measure of afforestation to reduce soil loss caused by seed potato production. The model calculated that afforestation would result in a decrease of sediment yield to 17886 m³yr-1. The results of Economic (-Eco) analysis revealed that the investment of €3,385 per ha for the establishment of the seed potato production will provide the income for the farmers of €15,000 per hectare annually. In parallel, we proposed the investment for the protection of the area (258 ha) with afforestation that amounts to €330,608 (€1,281 per ha), for the period of two years, with no other costs in the next decade. The research results demonstrate that the application of the Eco-Eco modelling, by using the IntErO model for studying the effect of soil erosion and possible land use for intensive seed potato production in the Velicka River Basin provides cost effective solutions for the benefit of the local population.
Effects of Salt Stress on Plant Growth, Nutrient Partitioning, Chlorophyll Content, Leaf Relative Water Content, Accumulation of Osmolytes and Antioxidant Compounds in Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Cultivars
Authors: HAND Mathias J. , TAFFOUO Victor D. , NOUCK Alphonse E. , NYEMENE Kitio P.J. , TONFACK Brice , MEGUEKAM Tekam L. , YOUMBI Emmanuel 
Published: September 2017

The salinity of soil is among the most important abiotic stresses which limit agricultural productivity worldwide. The effects of salinity on growth, nutrient partitioning, chlorophyll, leaf relative water content, osmolytes accumulation and antioxidant compounds of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivars (‘Granada’, ‘Goliath’ and ‘Nobili’), widely used in Cameroon, were investigated. Plants were subjected to four levels of NaCl (0, 50, 100 and 200 mM) at early seedling growth stage of plant development. Application of NaCl treatment led to a significant increase in total soluble sugars, proline; soluble proteins; total free amino acids content, peroxydase and superoxide dismutase activity and total phenolic content in salt-tolerant ‘Granada’ and ‘Nobili’ compared to salt-sensitive ‘Goliath’ and untreated plants, on the contrary, decreased in root dry weight, shoot dry weight, number of leaves, shoot length, stem diameter, total leaf area, chlorophyll and leaf relative water content in ‘Goliath’ at low salinity level. Flavonoid content, K, Ca and Mg concentrations were significantly reduced with increasing salinity in all cultivars. The highest Na concentrations were detected in the leaves while the lowest were recorded in the roots of ‘Goliath’ at high salinity level. The salt sensitivity of ‘Goliath’ seems to be increased osmotic adjustment through the strongly accumulation of Na in leaves while the salt tolerance of ‘Granada’ was related to its induce of antioxidative enzyme system more efficiently, resulting in higher osmolytes accumulation under salinity. ‘Granada’ was more tolerant and stable in physiological and biochemical traits suggesting that it could be grown in salt-affected soils.
Daily Dynamics of Sugar and Phenol Contents in Apple Fruitlets during June Drop
Authors: JAKOPIC Jerneja , STAMPAR Franci , VEBERIC Robert 
Published: September 2017

The occurrence of the abscission signal in young developing fruits on apple trees (Malus domestica) was studied. Apple has a natural system of fruitlet shedding, so called June drop. Although physiological fruit drop is unable to guarantee production of marketable apples and avoid alternate bearing, knowledge of this is a key background for successful fruit thinning. A study was carried out on apple trees cv. ‘Golden Delicious’ during June drop. On three dates (beginning, middle and after June drop), the daily dynamics of HPLC detected individual sugar and spectrophotometrically detected total phenolic contents were investigated in central (K) and lateral (L) fruitlets. The results of daily dynamics showed the highest sugar contents at 2 p.m. On the final sampling date, on 2nd July 2015, we observed a significant difference between sugar contents at 2 p.m. and the morning and afternoon measurements. Contents of sugars in K and L fruitlets were not significantly different. Total phenolic content at the beginning of June drop was higher than at the end. There was no statistically significant difference between K and L in an individual time period, while there were statistically significant differences in total phenolic content among the sampling dates. Although sugar and phenolic contents in K and L fruitlets were rarely statistically different, their contents changed during June drop. In general, sugar contents increased and phenolic contents decreased during the process, while the daily dynamic depended on weather conditions.
Prescription pattern of antibiotics in paediatric inpatients at a tertiary care hospital in North East India
Authors: Dutta Sayeri , Bhattacharjee Abhishek , Meena Devi N. 
Published: September 2017

Background: Paediatric antibiotic prescription is a major concern in terms of public health since infections are the most frequent cause of childhood disease. The aim of this hospital-based cross sectional study was to assess the pattern of antibiotic use in the paediatric ward of RIMS hospital, Manipur, India.Methods: A retrospective study of six months duration was carried out for the month of October 2016 to March 2017. A total number of 200 patients case sheets were utilized for our study from paediatric in-patients department of RIMS hospital, Manipur. The data collected was then analysed for various prescribing indicators as laid down by world health organisation (WHO) for analysis of drug use parameters.Results: The mean age of paediatric patient was 2.1 years. The average number of drugs per encounter was 5.14. The average number of antibiotic per patient was 2.11. In present study antibiotic were 41% of total drugs prescribed. Most common prevalence of disease among study patients sample was acute gastroenteritis. The most commonly prescribed antibiotic was Ceftriaxone followed by Amikacin. In present study 8.2% of antibiotics were prescribed in generic name. Polypharmacy was evident from the study.Conclusions: Antibiotic prescribing in children is relatively high in RIMS, Imphal, Manipur. Prescription of broad-spectrum antibiotics though has increased demonstrably which h may result in development of bacterial resistance; however, development of guidelines for antibiotic prescription and use of appropriate drugs for the disease can result in minimizing the unfavourable use of antibiotics in children.
Is problem based learning a better teaching tool as compared to didactic lectures for the undergraduate students?
Authors: Joshi Hari Shankar , Katyal Rashmi , Singh Arun , Joshi Gaurav , Chandra Shalini , Singh Kashmir 
Published: September 2017

Background: PBL is an educational approach in which complex problems serve as the context and the stimulus for learning. In PBL classes, students work in teams to solve one or more complex and compelling "real world" problems. They develop skills in collecting, evaluating, and synthesizing resources as they first define and then propose a solution to a multi‑faceted problem. The objectives of the study were to acknowledge the students about problem based learning; to assess the effectiveness and outcome of the teaching methodologies i.e. didactic lectures versus PBL; recommendation of incorporation of PBL or traditional teaching method as a teaching tool. Methods: Medical undergraduate (UG) students admitted in RMCH, Bareilly, India. A total of 112 students divided into three batches (36, 33 and 33 students) participated in a systematically conducted PBL session in community Medicine department during the middle of their academic year after having experienced at least 4 months of traditional teaching in community medicine. Perception of the faculty was also taken on Likert’s scale. Responses to the items in the questionnaire was scored as follows: traditional much better (1), traditional better (2), both the same (3) PBL better (4), or PBL much better (5). Appropriate Statistical analysis using appropriate tests will be done.Results: Information gathering and student-teacher relationship is more through traditional method of teaching as compared to PBL which is more in favour of development of interest, motivation, learning efficiency, curiosity, questioning attitude, interpersonal relationship, independent thinking and reasoning.. Conclusions: It can be very well included that introduction of PBL as the teaching modality among the students can improve the quality of medical education as per the evaluation done through the introduction of Likert’scale.
Perceptive analysis of nasal surgery outcomes for headache
Authors: C. Sreenivas , Awasthi Sanjeev Kumar 
Published: September 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Headache is the most common symptom requiring visit to a medical practitioner, sinus headache is one of the sub types of headache. Sinus related headaches are curable by surgical methods with a view to restore the functions of the maxilla-ethmo-turbinal ventilation. In this background we conducted a prospective study to investigate the perceptive relief of symptom of proven rhinosinugenic headache in patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery with septoplasty.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Prospective study, done at a command hospital, Bangalore, a tertiary PG Teaching Hospital during 2010-2011. Even though 200 patients enrolled for the study, only 98 subjects could be assessed at the end of 1 year duration. A patient centric subjective perceptional questionnaire was given preoperatively and then postoperatively on definitive intervals and the patient’s subjective score was tabulated. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Rhinosinugenic headache is common amongst 36.73% of the population in the age group of 20 to 30 years age group, followed by 25.5% in the 41 to 50 years age group. Gender distribution- 56% of females in the age group of 31 to 50 years are suffering from headache, and 28% of women in the age group of 31 to 40 years. The most common endoscopic findings were bulla ethmoidalis with a prevalence of 37.75%, followed by middle turbinate anomalies of 31.63%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Endoscopy could not pick up any finding in 8.16% of the study group which was picked up by the non-contrast computerized tomography, perceptive analysis– there was an overall improvement of patient centric headache symptom alleviation of 98% after FESS with septoplasty.</p>
An observational study comparing the effect of sphenopalatine artery block on bleeding in endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Shankar M. N. , Selvan V. Saravana , Sreedharan Nigil 
Published: September 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The use of the sphenopalatine artery block to reduce bleeding during FESS, has been a debatable issue. This cross sectional observational study aims to study whether sphenopalatine artery block has any significant effect on bleeding. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">55 patients coming to the ENT department of Stanley Medical College from 2015–2016 were included in this study. All patients had bilateral nasal sinus disease and endoscopic sinus surgery was performed on both sides. 20 minutes prior to surgery one side was chosen randomly and sphenopalatine artery block was administered via the greater palatine canal approach. A mixture of lignocaine (2%) and adrenaline (1:80000) was used for infiltration. The surgery was done in an alternating fashion where the surgeon would operate for 15 minutes on one side and then moved onto the other side. The field was graded using the Wormald Grading at 30 minute intervals. The results were tabulated and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was done at each time interval to see if there was a statistically significant difference in the grades of bleeding on both sides at each time interval. SPSS version 22.0 was used to analyse the data. Significance level was fixed as 5% (α=0.05). </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">It was found that for each time interval up to 120 minutes there was a significant decrease in the bleeding on the blocked side. However after 120 minutes the bleeding on both sides appeared to be same. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Sphenopalatine artery block given prior to surgery will be effective in reducing bleeding in FESS for the first 2 hours after which the effect of the block wears away.</span></p>
Hadad-Bassagasteguy flap in reconstruction of skull base defects after endonasal skull base surgery
Authors: Singh Chandra Veer , Shah Nishit J. 
Published: September 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">To study the clinical outcomes of Hadad-Bassagasteguy flap (HBF) in endonasal reconstruction of anterior skull base defects. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">We prospectively analyzed the demographic data &amp; the outcome results particularly Post-operative CSF leak in 53 patients who underwent HBF in our hospital from February 2013 to June 2014. The early harvested flap was used to reconstruct anterior skull base defects among patients with high-flow on-table CSF leak. Post-operatively the patients were analyzed for CSF leak and bleeding. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Most of the study subjects were between21-50 years of age (73.6%). The mean age of the study subjects was 41.8±13.8 years. Male/female ratio of the study sample was 1.2 with 29 males and 24 females. Of the total 53 patients 46 (86.8%) has macro defects while 7 (13.2%) had micro defects. Non-secretary lesions were present in 60.4% (32/53) patients while secretary were present in 39.6% (21/53) patients. Cerebrospinal fluid leak was present in all the patients undergoing surgery and majority of them were put on lumbar drain, while bleeding was present in 49.1% patients. Of the total 53 patients only 2 had post-operative cerebrospinal fluid leak (2/53; 3.8%). </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Use of HB posterior nasal septal flap for reconstruction of anterior skull base among patients with high-flow intra-operative CSF leak has a remarkable impact in preventing post-operative CSF leak. Its applicability to wide patient-profiles with respect to age, size of defect, diagnosis is making it a versatile choice of reconstruction after endonasal anterior skull base surgeries.</span></p>
A study on clinical profile of non otogenic otalgia
Authors: Rajasekaran Valli , B. V. Sharath Kumar 
Published: September 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Ear pain can be because of pathologies in the ear or in the surrounding head and neck region. This is because of rich innervations of the ear. Sometimes it poses a diagnostic challenge.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A cross sectional study was conducted in our institute where patients with ear pain were evaluated. Those with non otogenic causes were included in the study. 59 patients were identified and studied for the underlying cause. The sociodemographic profiles of the patients with varying etiologies were studied. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The most common cause for referred pain was temporomandibular joint dysfunction. This was more common in 15-45 years and in older age group cervical spondylosis was more common. There was no significant sex predominance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Careful detailed evaluation of the patient should be done to identify the exact underlying cause and treat effectively.</p>