bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Joint Analysis of Radiative and Non-Radiative Electronic Relaxation Upon X-ray Irradiation of Transition Metal Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Golnak Ronny , Bokarev Sergey I. , Seidel Robert , Xiao Jie , Grell Gilbert , Atak Kaan , Unger Isaak , Thürmer Stephan , Aziz Saadullah G. , Kühn Oliver , Winter Bernd , Aziz Emad F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractL-edge soft X-ray spectroscopy has been proven to be a powerful tool to unravel the peculiarities of electronic structure of transition metal compounds in solution. However, the X-ray absorption spectrum is often probed in the total or partial fluorescence yield modes, what leads to inherent distortions with respect to the true transmission spectrum. In the present work, we combine photon- and electron-yield experimental techniques with multi-reference first principles calculations. Exemplified for the prototypical FeCl2 aqueous solution we demonstrate that the partial yield arising from the Fe3s → 2p relaxation is a more reliable probe of the absorption spectrum than the Fe3d → 2p one. For the bonding-relevant 3d → 2p channel we further provide the basis for the joint analysis of resonant photoelectron and inelastic X-ray scattering spectra. Establishing the common energy reference allows to assign both spectra using the complementary information provided through electron-out and photon-out events.
Theoretical screening of intermetallic ThMn12-type phases for new hard-magnetic compounds with low rare earth content
Authors: Körner Wolfgang , Krugel Georg , Elsässer Christian 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe report on theoretical investigations of intermetallic phases derived from the ThMn12-type crystal structure. Our computational high-throughput screening (HTS) approach is extended to an estimation of the anisotropy constant K1, the anisotropy field Ha and the energy product (BH)max. The calculation of K1 is fast since it is based on the crystal field parameters and avoids expensive total-energy calculations with many k-points. Thus the HTS approach allows a very efficient search for hard-magnetic materials for which the magnetization M and the coercive field Hc connected to Ha represent the key quantities. Besides for NdFe12N which has the highest magnetization we report HTS results for several intermetallic phases based on Cerium which are interesting as alternative hard-magnetic phases because Cerium is a less ressource-critical element than Neodymium.
Regulation of aldosterone secretion by Cav1.3
Authors: Xie Catherine B. , Haris Shaikh Lalarukh , Garg Sumedha , Tanriver Gizem , Teo Ada E. D. , Zhou Junhua , Maniero Carmela , Zhao Wanfeng , Kang Soosung , Silverman Richard B. , Azizan Elena A. B. , Brown Morris J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs) vary in phenotype and genotype. Zona glomerulosa (ZG)-like APAs frequently have mutations of an L-type calcium channel (LTCC) CaV1.3. Using a novel antagonist of CaV1.3, compound 8, we investigated the role of CaV1.3 on steroidogenesis in the human adrenocortical cell line, H295R and in primary human adrenal cells. This investigational drug was compared with the common antihypertensive drug nifedipine, which has 4.5-fold selectivity for the vascular LTCC, CaV1.2, over CaV1.3. In H295R cells transfected with wild-type or mutant CaV1.3 channels, the latter produced more aldosterone than wild-type, which was ameliorated by 100 μM of compound 8. In primary adrenal and non-transfected H295R cells, compound 8 decreased aldosterone production similar to high concentration of nifedipine (100 μM). Selective CaV1.3 blockade may offer a novel way of treating primary hyperaldosteronism, which avoids the vascular side effects of CaV1.2-blockade and provides targeted treatment for ZG-like APAs with mutations of CaV1.3.
Genome-wide association studies for fatty acid metabolic traits in five divergent pig populations
Authors: Zhang Wanchang , Bin Yang  , Zhang Junjie , Cui Leilei , Ma Junwu , Chen Congying , Ai Huashui , Xiao Shijun , Ren Jun , Huang Lusheng 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFatty acid composition profiles are important indicators of meat quality and tasting flavor. Metabolic indices of fatty acids are more authentic to reflect meat nutrition and public acceptance. To investigate the genetic mechanism of fatty acid metabolic indices in pork, we conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 33 fatty acid metabolic traits in five pig populations. We identified a total of 865 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), corresponding to 11 genome-wide significant loci on nine chromosomes and 12 suggestive loci on nine chromosomes. Our findings not only confirmed seven previously reported QTL with stronger association strength, but also revealed four novel population-specific loci, showing that investigations on intermediate phenotypes like the metabolic traits of fatty acids can increase the statistical power of GWAS for end-point phenotypes. We proposed a list of candidate genes at the identified loci, including three novel genes (FADS2, SREBF1 and PLA2G7). Further, we constructed the functional networks involving these candidate genes and deduced the potential fatty acid metabolic pathway. These findings advance our understanding of the genetic basis of fatty acid composition in pigs. The results from European hybrid commercial pigs can be immediately transited into breeding practice for beneficial fatty acid composition.
Newcastle disease virus NP and P proteins induce autophagy via the endoplasmic reticulum stress-related unfolded protein response
Authors: Cheng Jing-Hua , Sun Ying-Jie , Zhang Fan-Qing , Zhang Xiao-Rong , Qiu Xv-Sheng , Yu Li-Ping , Wu Yan-Tao , Ding Chan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNewcastle disease virus (NDV) can replicate and trigger autophagy in human tumor cells. Our previous study confirmed the critical role of autophagy in NDV infection. Here we studied the role of NDV structural proteins in the induction of autophagy through endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways. Ectopic expression of the NDV nucleocapsid protein (NP) or phosphoprotein (P) was sufficient to induce autophagy. NP or P expression also altered ER homeostasis. The PERK and ATF6 pathways, but not the XBP1 pathway, all of which are components of the UPR, were activated in both NDV-infected and NP or P-transfected cells. Knockdown of PERK or ATF6 inhibited NDV-induced autophagy and reduced the extent of NDV replication. Collectively, these data suggest not only roles for the NDV NP and P proteins in autophagy, but also offer new insights into the mechanisms of NDV-induced autophagy through activation of the ER stress-related UPR pathway.
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated efficient and heritable targeted mutagenesis in tomato plants in the first and later generations
Authors: Pan Changtian , Ye Lei , Qin Li , Liu Xue , He Yanjun , Wang Jie , Chen Lifei , Lu Gang 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe CRISPR/Cas9 system has successfully been used in various organisms for precise targeted gene editing. Although it has been demonstrated that CRISPR/Cas9 system can induce mutation in tomato plants, the stability of heredity in later generations and mutant specificity induced by the CRISPR/Cas9 system in tomato plants have not yet been elucidated in detail. In this study, two genes, SlPDS and SlPIF4, were used for testing targeted mutagenesis in tomato plants through an Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method. A high mutation frequency was observed in all tested targets in the T0 transgenic tomato plants, with an average frequency of 83.56%. Clear albino phenotypes were observed for the psd mutants. High frequencies of homozygous and biallelic mutants were detected even in T0 plants. The majority of the detected mutations were 1- to 3-nucleotide deletions, followed by 1-bp insertions. The target mutations in the T0 lines were stably transmitted to the T1 and T2 generations, without new modifications or revision. Off-target activities associated with SlPDS and SlPIF4 were also evaluated by sequencing the putative off-target sites and no clear off-target events were detected. Our results demonstrate that the CRISPR/Cas9 system is an efficient tool for generating stable and heritable modifications in tomato plants.
Anti-gastric cancer activity in three-dimensional tumor spheroids of bufadienolides
Authors: Wang Jixia , Zhang Xiuli , Li Xiaolong , Zhang Yun , Hou Tao , Wei Lai , Qu Lala , Shi Liying , Liu Yanfang , Zou Lijuan , Liang Xinmiao 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMulticellular spheroids of cancer cells have been increasingly used to screen anti-tumor compounds, owing to their in vivo like microenvironment and structure as well as compatibility to high-throughput/high-content screening. Here we report the potency and efficacy of a family of bufadienolides to inhibit the growth of gastric cancer cell line HGC-27 in three-dimensional (3D) spheroidal models. Examining the morphological and growth patterns of several cell lines in round-bottomed ultra-low attachment microplate suggested that HGC-27 cells formed reproducibly multicellular spheroidal structures. Profiling of 15 natural bufadienolides isolated from toad skin indicated that 8 14-hydroxy bufadienolides displayed inhibitory activity of the growth of HGC-27 spheroids in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, compared to clinical drugs taxol and epirubicin, active bufadienolides were found to penetrate more effectively into the HGC-27 spheroids, but with a narrower effective concentration range and a shorter lasting inhibitory effect. Furthermore, compared to two-dimensional (2D) cell monolayer assays, active bufadienolides exhibited weaker efficacy and different potency in 3D spheroid model, demonstrating the great potential of 3D multicellular cell spheroid models in anti-cancer drug discovery and development.
KIAA1522 is a novel prognostic biomarker in patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Liu Yi-Zhen , Yang Hai , Cao Jian , Jiang Yan-Yi , Hao Jia-Jie , Xu Xin , Cai Yan , Wang Ming-Rong 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNowadays, no robust biomarkers have been applied to clinical practice to provide prognostic evaluation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aims to identify new potential prognostic biomarkers for NSCLC. In the present work, KIAA1522 is screened out from two independent GEO datasets as aberrantly up-regulated gene in NSCLC tissues. We evaluate KIAA1522 expression immunohistochemically in 583 NSCLC tissue samples and paired non-tumor tissues. KIAA1522 displays stronger staining in NSCLC cases than in adjacent normal lung tissues. Importantly, patients with KIAA1522 overexpression had a significantly shorter overall survival compared to those with low expression (P < 0.00001). Multivariate Cox regression analyses show that KIAA1522 is an independent prognostic indicator, even for early-stage NSCLCs (P = 0.00025, HR = 2.317, 95%CI: 1.477–3.635). We also found that high expression of KIAA1522 is a significant risk factor for decreased overall survival of the patients who received platinum-based chemotherapy. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and functional studies reveal that KIAA1522 is associated with oncogenic KRAS pathways. Taken together, high expression of KIAA1522 can be used as an independent biomarker for predication of poor survival and platinum-resistance of NSCLC patients and aberrant KIAA1522 might be a new target for the therapy of the disease.
Role of an Oxidant Mixture as Surface Modifier of Porous Silicon Microstructures Evaluated by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry
Authors: Montiel-González Zeuz , Escobar Salvador , Nava Rocío , del Río J. Antonio , Tagüeña-Martínez Julia 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCurrent research on porous silicon includes the construction of complex structures with luminescent and/or photonic properties. However, their preparation with both characteristics is still challenging. Recently, our group reported a possible method to achieve that by adding an oxidant mixture to the electrolyte used to produce porous silicon. This mixture can chemically modify their microstructure by changing the thickness and surface passivation of the pore walls. In this work, we prepared a series of samples (with and without oxidant mixture) and we evaluated the structural differences through their scanning electron micrographs and their optical properties determined by spectroscopic ellipsometry. The results showed that ellipsometry is sensitive to slight variations in the porous silicon structure, caused by changes in their preparation. The fitting process, based on models constructed from the features observed in the micrographs, allowed us to see that the mayor effect of the oxidant mixture is on samples of high porosity, where the surface oxidation strongly contributes to the skeleton thinning during the electrochemical etching. This suggests the existence of a porosity threshold for the action of the oxidant mixture. These results could have a significant impact on the design of complex porous silicon structures for different optoelectronic applications.
Physiological responses to daily light exposure
Authors: Yang Yefeng , Yu Yonghua , Yang Bo , Zhou Hong , Pan Jinming 
Published: April 2016

AbstractLong daylength artificial light exposure associates with disorders and a potential physiological mechanism has been proposed. However, previous studies have examined no more than three artificial light treatments and limited metabolic parameters, which have been insufficient to demonstrate mechanical responses. Here, comprehensive physiological response curves were established and the physiological mechanism was strengthened. Chicks were illuminated for 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, or 22 h periods each day. A quadratic relationship between abdominal adipose weight (AAW) and light period suggested that long-term or short-term light exposure could decrease the amount of AAW. Quantitative relationships between physiological parameters and daily light period were also established in this study. The relationships between triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (TC), glucose (GLU), phosphorus (P) levels and daily light period could be described by quadratic regression models. TG levels, AAW and BW positively correlated with each other, suggesting long-term light exposure significantly increased AAW by increasing TG thus resulting in greater BW. A positive correlation between blood triiodothyronine (T3) levels and BW suggested that daily long-term light exposure increased BW by thyroid hormone secretion. Though the molecular pathway remains unknown, these results suggest a comprehensive physiological mechanism through which light exposure affects growth.
Use of handheld X-ray fluorescence as a non-invasive method to distinguish between Asian and African elephant tusks
Authors: Buddhachat Kittisak , Thitaram Chatchote , Brown Janine L. , Klinhom Sarisa , Bansiddhi Pakkanut , Penchart Kitichaya , Ouitavon Kanita , Sriaksorn Khanittha , Pa-in Chalermpol , Kanchanasaka Budsabong , Somgird Chaleamchat , Nganvongpanit Korakot 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe describe the use of handheld X-ray fluorescence, for elephant tusk species identification. Asian (n = 72) and African (n = 85) elephant tusks were scanned and we utilized the species differences in elemental composition to develop a functional model differentiating between species with high precision. Spatially, the majority of measured elements (n = 26) exhibited a homogeneous distribution in cross-section, but a more heterologous pattern in the longitudinal direction. Twenty-one of twenty four elements differed between Asian and African samples. Data were subjected to hierarchical cluster analysis followed by a stepwise discriminant analysis, which identified elements for the functional equation. The best equation consisted of ratios of Si, S, Cl, Ti, Mn, Ag, Sb and W, with Zr as the denominator. Next, Bayesian binary regression model analysis was conducted to predict the probability that a tusk would be of African origin. A cut-off value was established to improve discrimination. This Bayesian hybrid classification model was then validated by scanning an additional 30 Asian and 41 African tusks, which showed high accuracy (94%) and precision (95%) rates. We conclude that handheld XRF is an accurate, non-invasive method to discriminate origin of elephant tusks provides rapid results applicable to use in the field.
1700 nm dispersion managed mode-locked bismuth fiber laser
Authors: Noronen Teppo , Firstov Sergei , Dianov Evgeny , Okhotnikov Oleg G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe demonstrate the first 1.7 μm bismuth-doped fiber laser generating ultrashort pulses via passive mode-locking. Pulse operation has been achieved for both anomalous and normal dispersion of the laser cavity owing to broadband characteristics of carbon nanotube saturable absorber. The laser delivered 1.65 ps pulses in net anomalous dispersion regime. In normal dispersion regime, the laser delivered 14 ps pulses which could be compressed to 1.2 ps using external fiber compressor.
Conclusion
Authors: Jaffe Audrey 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This chapter engages with contemporary critical claims to relocate the meaning of literary works in references to concrete objects, replacing a so-called “suspicious” mode of interpretation that looks for buried meanings with a “surface reading” that promises to read what is out in the open. The chapter argues that these arguments recapitulate but fail to acknowledge the Victorian desire for the real expressed by Matthew Arnold and Victorian science, reproducing the desire—and realist fantasy—I have traced in Victorian fiction. The chapter includes readings of faces—by Darwin, Trollope, and Virginia Woolf—that illustrate the novelistic quality of the desire to read the surface and demonstrate its indeparability from the genre I have called realist fantasy.
Factalism
Authors: Turner Jason 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAccording to Factalism, the world consists ultimately of facts. Tractarian factalism adds that the facts are atomic, that they are structureless, and that they are arranged in a logical space. This chapter argues that, if we are to be factalists, we ought to be Tractarian factalists. The argument proceeds by noting first that if facts are not atomic, we face a puzzle of inferential systematicity: we lack an explanation for the success of our inferential practices. It then argues that the most natural solution includes some surprising phenomena—the Problem of the Patterns—and that the best explanation for the phenomena has it that there are only atomic facts arranged in a logical space.
Grounding Stories
Authors: Turner Jason 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAccording to the factalist, the appearances of non-facts are grounded in the facts and their Tractarian geometry. This chapter describes two ways in which those appearances must be grounded. On both ways, quality spaces act as proxies for properties and relations, and hypersurfaces act as proxies for individuals. The first way involves a representation theorem, which shows that each geometry licenses a first-order model, which can be thought of as representing a world of objects instantiating properties and relations. The second way paraphrases claims about objects as claims about hypersurfaces and quality spaces. The chapter concludes by proving that the two ways are extensionally equivalent, and using a squeezing argument to show they are both inferentially systematic.
Labelling Stories
Authors: Turner Jason 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe factalist’s grounding stories rely on the idea that our ordinary thought and talk assigns names to hypersurfaces and predicates to quality-spaces. This chapter aims to tell a story about how this might work in a non-circular way—a way that does not assume there are people thinking and talking in addition to facts. To do so, it must rely on some assumptions: That truth supervenes on being and that semantic relations are structural, in the sense that ‘quidditistic swaps’ do not disturb semantic relations. These assumptions are then used to show that there is a sense in which the distribution of truth across facts can suffice for words labelling quality spaces and hypersurfaces.
Advertising, Habit Formation, and U.S. Tobacco Product Demand
Authors: Zheng Yuqing , Zhen Chen , Nonnemaker James , Dench Daniel 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe U.S. tobacco market has experienced a shift toward noncigarette tobacco products. We examined the degree of habit formation and the role of advertising for cigarettes, little cigars/cigarillos, large cigars, e‐cigarettes, and smokeless tobacco using market‐level scanner data for convenience stores from 2009 to 2013. Results based on a dynamic demand system show that while all tobacco products are habitual, e‐cigarettes are the most habitual product. More choices of flavors, less restrictions on its use in public places, less documented harmful effects, and a higher upfront cost might explain the higher degree of habit formation for e‐cigarettes. We also find that e‐cigarettes did not substitute for or complement cigarettes. The results imply that e‐cigarettes may serve as a gateway to nicotine addiction but not necessarily to cigarette smoking. Regarding advertising, cigarette magazine advertising did not affect cigarette demand, while e‐cigarette TV advertising increased e‐cigarette demand with a positive spillover to cigarette demand. Such results may help explain e‐cigarettes' recent success in sales and imply that e‐cigarette TV advertising might undermine efforts to reduce cigarette smoking. Advertising was also found to affect the degree of habit formation for cigarettes, large cigars, and e‐cigarettes.
Fishery-dependent and -independent data lead to consistent estimations of essential habitats
Authors: Pennino Maria Grazia , Conesa David , López-Quílez Antonio , Muñoz Facundo , Fernández Angel , Bellido Jose Maria 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSpecies mapping is an essential tool for conservation programmes as it provides clear pictures of the distribution of marine resources. However, in fishery ecology, the amount of objective scientific information is limited and data may not always be directly comparable. Information about the distribution of marine species can be derived from two main sources: fishery-independent data (scientific surveys at sea) and fishery-dependent data (collection and sampling by observers in commercial vessels). The aim of this paper is to compare whether these two different sources produce similar, complementary, or different results. We compare them in the specific context of identifying the Essential Fish Habitats of three elasmobranch species (S. canicula, G. melastomus, and E. spinax). Similarity and prediction statistics are used to compare the two different spatial patterns obtained by applying the same Bayesian spatio-temporal modelling approach in the two sources. Results showed that the spatial patterns obtained are similar, although differences are present. In particular, models based on fishery-dependent data are better able to identify temporal relationships between the probability of presence of the species and seasonal environmental variables. In contrast, fishery-independent data better discriminate spatial locations where a species is present or absent. Besides the spatial and temporal differences of the two datasets, the consistency of habitat results highlights the inclusion in each dataset of most of the environmental envelope of each species, both in time and space. Consequently, sampling data should be adapted to each species to reasonably cover their environmental envelope, and a combination of datasets will likely provide a better habitat estimation than using each dataset independently. These findings can be useful in helping fishery managers improve definition of survey design and analyses.