bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth, Import Dependence, and War
Authors: Bonfatti Roberto , O'Rourke Kevin Hjortshøj 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Theories of war predict that the leader may launch a war on a follower who is catching up, since the follower cannot commit to not use their increased power in the future. But it was Japan who attacked the West in 1941: both leaders and followers start wars. Similarly, many have argued that trade makes war less likely, yet the First World War erupted at a time of unprecedented globalisation. We develop a model of trade and war that can explain both observations. Dependence on imports can lead followers to attack leaders or resource-rich regions when they are subject to blockade.
Modifying illness beliefs in recent onset psychosis carers: Evaluating the impact of a cognitively focused brief group intervention in a routine service
Authors: Onwumere Juliana , Glover Naomi , Whittaker Sarah , Rahim Shireen , Chu Man Lai , James Gareth , Khan Sanna , Afsharzadegan Roya , Seneviratne Saal , Harvey Raythe , Georgiades Anna , Raune David 
Published: May 2017

AimsAt first‐episode psychosis (FEP), many patients will be routed within familial networks and supported by informal carers who are predominately close family members such as parents. Carer burden, distress and poorer coping styles are associated with different illness beliefs. The current study sought to examine the impact and acceptability of a 3 session, cognitively informed, group intervention targeting illness beliefs previously linked to distress and poorer caregiving experiences in FEP carers.MethodsCarers attending a routine FEP service were invited to attend the group intervention and completed a measure of illness beliefs at baseline and post intervention.ResultsData on 68 carers with complete datasets are presented. Carers were predominately females (64.2%). Group attendance was linked to positive improvements in carer baseline beliefs about the negative consequences of the illness for the patient and themselves, attributions of blame about the illness to the patient and themselves and their overall understanding about the illness. Significant improvements in their understanding of the illness timeline and course, and confidence in dealing with difficulties were also identified.ConclusionsA cognitively informed group approach to targeting the less adaptive illness beliefs reported by FEP carers may offer an effective and acceptable pathway to facilitate their understanding of the illness and adjustment. Further studies using controlled designs are required.
The Uunguu Monitoring and Evaluation Committee: Intercultural Governance of a Land and Sea Management Programme in the Kimberley, Australia
Authors: Austin Beau J. , Vigilante Tom , Cowell Stuart , Dutton Ian M. , Djanghara Dorothy , Mangolomara Scholastica , Puermora Bernard , Bundamurra Albert , Clement Zerika 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe importance of Indigenous peoples’ and their ancestral estates for the maintenance and protection of biodiversity, ecosystem function, threatened species and cultural diversity is clear. Due to their nature, processes and tools to measure the impact of intercultural Indigenous land and sea management partnerships need to be innovative and adaptable. In 2015, the Wunambal Gaambera Healthy Country Plan reached its mid‐point, which triggered an evaluation to enable adaptive management through the assessment of effectiveness. The evaluation was used to appraise the need for adaptation, contribute to the evidence base for healthy Country, and to report on achievements. The Uunguu Monitoring and Evaluation Committee, an innovative, intercultural and interdisciplinary body, and their collaborators adopted a multiple evidence‐based approach to enable an enriched picture. This committee has successfully integrated western scientific and local Indigenous knowledge for adaptive management by embodying the principles of co‐production. The Uunguu Monitoring and Evaluation Committee model outlines a way of doing knowledge integration from the bottom up which, given the significance of the cultural and natural diversity of the Indigenous estate, makes a valuable contribution to the global community of practitioners attempting to use diverse knowledges for better management of biodiversity, ecosystems, threatened species and cultural traditions.
Can postmining revegetation create habitat for a threatened mammal?
Authors: Craig Michael D. , White Danielle A. , Stokes Vicki L. , Prince Jane 
Published: May 2017

SummaryMost revegetation conducted for biodiversity conservation aims to mimic reference ecosystems present predisturbance. However, revegetation can overshoot or undershoot targets, particularly in the early stages of a recovery process, resulting in conditions different from the reference model. Revegetation that has, as yet, failed to fully meet revegetation targets may, nonetheless, provide habitat for threatened species not present in reference ecosystems. To investigate this possibility, we surveyed Quokka (Setonix brachyurus), a threatened macropod, in a mining landscape in south‐western Australia. We established four sites in each of riparian forest, which is the preferred habitat of quokkas but is not mined, mid‐slope forest, which is the premining reference ecosystem but is not suitable habitat for quokkas, and revegetated forest on mine pits 16–21 years postmining. We recorded quokkas in all riparian forest sites and two revegetated forest sites but not in any mid‐slope forest sites. Occupied revegetated sites had greater cover between 0 and 2 m and were spatially closer to riparian forest than unoccupied revegetated sites, suggesting predation pressure was likely influencing which mine pits were occupied. Our study demonstrated postmining revegetation can provide new habitat for a threatened species and suggested that revegetating a small proportion of sites to provide new habitat for threatened species could be considered as a management option in some scenarios. This could improve landscape connectivity and increase both the area of available habitat and between‐site heterogeneity, which could all potentially increase the ability of revegetation to conserve biodiversity.
Vertebrate browsing impacts in a threatened montane plant community and implications for management
Authors: Rathbone Damien A. , Barrett Sarah 
Published: May 2017

SummaryMontane ecosystems are vulnerable to the removal of vegetation cover through browsing by feral or native vertebrate fauna. The highest elevated peaks of the Stirling Range in Western Australia provide habitat for an endemic plant community, Critically Endangered due to plant disease, frequent fire and an emerging threat of browsing by vertebrate fauna. Survey and camera trapping confirmed the herbivorous feral Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and native Quokka (Setonix brachyurus) are present. Dietary analysis through faecal examination revealed contrasting diets and implicates native rather than feral species as responsible for impacts on dicotyledonous species, and in particular those of conservation significance. Exclosure experiments conducted over 1 year revealed significant changes in abundance, cover and height of perennial herbs and an increase in growth and/or reproduction of four threatened endemic plants. Detrimental impacts caused by native browsing fauna are not unprecedented and may be attributed to disequilibria in ecosystem processes due to multiple interacting threats. Montane ecosystems may be particularly vulnerable to browsing due to their naturally slow recovery after disturbance and browsing may also create environmental conditions more conducive to plant disease. For plant species with critically low population numbers, the impact of browsing poses a threat to population persistence and undermines investment into other conservation recovery actions. For effective management, it is critical to determine the relative impact of browsing species present. Where native species are implicated, the physical protection of high value assets in wire exclosures is warranted to complement other recovery actions and ensure effective species and community recovery.
Diffusion tensor imaging of normal‐appearing white matter in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and multiple sclerosis
Authors: Kim S.‐H. , Kwak K. , Hyun J.‐W. , Joung A. , Lee S. H. , Choi Y.‐H. , Lee J.‐M. , Kim H. J. 
Published: May 2017

Background and purposeThe occult changes in normal‐appearing white matter (NAWM) were investigated and compared amongst patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and healthy controls (HCs) by applying tract‐based spatial statistics to diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data.MethodsDiffusion tensor imaging was performed with a 3‐T scanner in 93 patients with NMOSD, 53 patients with MS and 43 HCs. Voxel‐wise statistical analyses of the DTI data were performed using tract‐based spatial statistics.ResultsCompared to HCs, patients with NMOSD had significantly lower mean global fractional anisotropy, higher mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity, and no significant differences in axial diffusivity in their NAWM. Patients with MS demonstrated significantly lower mean global fractional anisotropy and higher mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity in the NAWM than did patients with NMOSD and HCs. Compared to patients with NMOSD, patients with MS had NAWM damage that was more extensive, particularly in the inferior cerebellar peduncle, external capsule, cingulum, superior fronto‐occipital fasciculus and uncinate fasciculus.ConclusionsUsing DTI, widespread occult damage was demonstrated in the NAWM of patients with NMOSD. However, the NAWM was less affected in patients with NMOSD than it was in patients with MS; specifically, the axonal injuries and diffusion abnormalities in the association fibers were more severe in patients with MS than they were in patients with NMOSD.
Communication practices that encourage and constrain shared decision making in health‐care encounters: Systematic review of conversation analytic research
Authors: Land Victoria , Parry Ruth , Seymour Jane 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundShared decision making (SDM) is generally treated as good practice in health‐care interactions. Conversation analytic research has yielded detailed findings about decision making in health‐care encounters.ObjectiveTo map decision making communication practices relevant to health‐care outcomes in face‐to‐face interactions yielded by prior conversation analyses, and to examine their function in relation toSDM.Search strategyWe searched nine electronic databases (last search November 2016) and our own and other academics' collections.Inclusion criteriaPublished conversation analyses (no restriction on publication dates) using recordings of health‐care encounters in English where the patient (and/or companion) was present and where the data and analysis focused on health/illness‐related decision making.Data extraction and synthesisWe extracted study characteristics, aims, findings relating to communication practices, how these functioned in relation toSDM, and internal/external validity issues. We synthesised findings aggregatively.ResultsTwenty‐eight publications met the inclusion criteria. We sorted findings into 13 types of communication practices and organized these in relation to four elements of decision‐making sequences: (i) broaching decision making; (ii) putting forward a course of action; (iii) committing or not (to the action put forward); and (iv)HCPs' responses to patients' resistance or withholding of commitment. Patients have limited opportunities to influence decision making.HCPs' practices may constrain or encourage this participation.ConclusionsPatients, companions andHCPs together treat and undertake decision making as shared, though to varying degrees. Even for non‐negotiable treatment trajectories, the spirit ofSDMcan be invoked through practices that encourage participation (eg by bringing the patient towards shared understanding of the decision's rationale).
The Toll‐like receptor 9 signalling pathway regulates MR1‐mediated bacterial antigen presentation in B cells
Authors: Liu Jianyun , Brutkiewicz Randy R. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryMucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are conserved T cells that express a semi‐invariant T‐cell receptor (Vα7.2 in humans and Vα19 in mice). The development of MAIT cells requires the antigen‐presenting MHC‐related protein 1 (MR1), as well as commensal bacteria. The mechanisms that regulate the functional expression of MR1 molecules and their loading with bacterial antigen in antigen‐presenting cells are largely unknown. We have found that treating B cells with the Toll‐like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist CpG increases MR1 surface expression. Interestingly, activation of TLR9 by CpG‐A (but not CpG‐B) enhances MR1 surface expression. This is limited to B cells and not other types of cells such as monocytes, T or natural killer cells. Knocking‐down TLR9 expression by short hairpin RNA reduces MR1 surface expression and MR1‐mediated bacterial antigen presentation. CpG‐A triggers early endosomal TLR9 activation, whereas CpG‐B is responsible for late endosomal/lysosomal activation of TLR9. Consistently, blocking endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi protein transport, rather than lysosomal acidification, suppressed MR1 antigen presentation. Overall, our results indicate that early endosomal TLR9 activation is important for MR1‐mediated bacterial antigen presentation.
Interphase degradation of three‐dimensional Cf/SiC–ZrC–ZrB2 composites fabricated via reactive melt infiltration
Authors: Chen Xiaowu , Feng Qian , Gao Le , Zhang Xiangyu , Dong Shaoming , Wang Jingxiao , Zhong Qiang , Kan Yanmei , Ni Dewei 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLayer‐structured interphase, existing between carbon fiber and ultrahigh‐temperature ceramics (UHTCs) matrix, is an indispensable component for carbon fiber reinforced UHTCs matrix composites (Cf/UHTCs). For Cf/UHTCs fabricated by reactive melt infiltration (RMI), the interphase inevitably suffers degradation due to the interaction with the reactive melt. Here, Cf/SiC–ZrC–ZrB2 composite was fabricated by reactive infiltration of ZrSi2 melt into sol‐gel prepared Cf/B4C–C preform. (PyC–SiC)2 interphase was deposited on the fiber to investigate the degradation mechanism under ZrSi2 melt. It was revealed that the degraded interphase exhibited typical features of Zr aggregation and SiC residuals. Moreover, the Zr species diffused across the interphase and formed nanosized ZrC phase inside the fiber. A hybrid mechanisms of chemical reaction and physical melting were proposed to reveal the degradation mechanism according to characterization results and heat conduction calculations. Based on the degradation mechanism, a potential solution to mitigate interphase degradation is also put forward.
The effect of B‐doping on the electrical conductivity of polymer‐derived Si(B)OC ceramics
Authors: Sorarù Gian Domenico , Kacha Getnet , Campostrini Renzo , Ponzoni Andrea , Donarelli Maurizio , Kumar Arun , Mariotto Gino 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this work the room temperature electrical conductivity of Si(B)OC glasses made via polymer pyrolysis at 1200°C and 1400°C (maximum temperature) and having different amount of boron was measured. When B content is increased from zero (pure SiOC glass) up to B/Si=0.5 the electrical conductivity increases in 2 orders of magnitude from 4.09±0.64×10−5 up to 2.93±1.91×10−3 with a corresponding decrease in the activation energy from about 1.08 to 0.51 eV. This results shows for the first time that the electrical conductivity of Si‐based polymer‐derived ceramics can be controlled by the amount of the doping element. The structure of the Si(B)OC glasses has been studied with different techniques including FT‐IR, XRD and Raman spectroscopy. The Raman study indicates that B partially substitutes C into the sp2 C planes of the free carbon phase forming trigonal BC3 units. Accordingly, the evolution of the electrical properties with the B content has been correlated with the corresponding structural evolution and a hypothesis is presented to rationalize the role of boron on the electrical conductivity of SiOBC glasses.
Doxycycline as an anti‐inflammatory agent: updates in dermatology
Authors: Henehan M. , Montuno M. , De Benedetto A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDoxycycline, a tetracycline antibiotic, is widely used in the field of dermatology for its antibiotic properties, anti‐inflammatory properties and good safety profile. Over the past decades, numerous studies have clarified some of the anti‐inflammatory mechanisms of doxycycline. In this review article, we aimed to provide an update on recent data on the anti‐inflammatory properties of doxycycline and its potential role in cutaneous inflammatory diseases. Better understanding of these mechanisms might offer the practicing clinicians a better use of this therapeutic tool. In addition, research in this field could help clarify pathogenic aspects of inflammatory dermatologic diseases responsive to this medication. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the potential of doxycycline as an anti‐inflammatory agent, and the development of new topical vehicles could open ways to new therapeutic possibilities for dermatologists.
Asian Long‐horned Beetle dispersal potential estimated in computer‐linked flight mills
Authors: Javal M. , Roux G. , Roques A. , Sauvard D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe Asian Long‐horned Beetle (ALB) is a highly polyphagous species invasive in North America and Europe. This species has been reported to have low dispersing potential, but long‐distance dispersal could occasionally happen. We conducted a preliminary study on laboratory‐reared adults from invasive populations to measure the flying potential of beetles using computer‐linked flight mills. Under standardized conditions, ALB was capable of flying over longer distances than previously described. The highest distance recorded over an adult lifespan outreached 14 km. Flight mill method is therefore useful to estimate the maximum physiological flight abilities of the species that should be taken into account to improve management of invasive populations.
Assessment of oxidative stress markers in cord blood of newborns to patients with oxytocin‐induced labor
Authors: Karaçor Talip , Sak Sibel , Başaranoğlu Serdar , Peker Nurullah , Ağaçayak Elif , Sak Muhammet Erdal , Turgut Abdulkadir , Evsen Mehmet Sıddık , Evliyaoğlu Osman , Gül Talip 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimWe aimed to measure the extent of oxidative stress experienced during labor by the neonates of pregnant women undergoing induced or spontaneous birth and to compare the effects of induced labor on fetal well‐being.MethodsSixty‐four healthy pregnant women referring to the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Dicle University Medical Faculty between October 2010 and May 2011 were included in this comparative study. Pregnant women undergoing induced labor by oxytocin were group 1 and those without labor induction were group 2. Post‐partum Apgar score was calculated at 1 and 5 min and measurements of weight and height of the neonates were carried out. After the fetal cord was clamped, 5 cm3 blood was drawn into a plain tube without anticoagulant. The samples were centrifuged at 5000 r.p.m. for 5 min. Separated sera were transferred to Eppendorf tubes and were stored at −80 C° until the analysis time.ResultsThe complete blood counts and biochemistry results indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in regards to diseases between the two groups. Nitric oxide and asymmetrical dimethylarginine values of the two groups were not significantly different; however, there were statistically significant differences in the malondialdehyde, paraoxonase, total antioxidative status, and total oxidative status values of the two groups (respectively, P = 0.005, P = 0.006, P = 0.008, and P = 0.007).ConclusionWe observed that oxytocin‐induced labor increases stress markers but does not affect Apgar scores. Oxidative stress in pregnant women may trigger antioxidative mechanisms. Prospective studies in larger cohorts are needed to better understand the impact of oxytocin‐induced labor on pregnant women and neonates.
Clathrin‐mediated endocytosis is required for ANE 30‐100K‐induced autophagy
Authors: Lin Mei‐Huei , Liu Young‐Chau , Liu Shyun‐Yeu , Chen Fang‐Chi , Yang Pei‐Jung , Li Guan‐Hua , Liu Pang‐Yen , Yen Ching‐Yu 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundWe identified an autophagy‐inducing areca nut (AN) ingredient (AIAI) in the 30‐100 kDa fraction of AN extract (ANE 30‐100K). This study was to analyze the role of endocytosis in ANE 30‐100K‐induced autophagy.MethodsWe used benzyl alcohol, dynasore, and shRNA of clathrin and dynamin to assess whether ANE 30‐100K‐induced cytotoxicity and accumulation of microtubule‐associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)‐II were affected in oral (OECM‐1) and esophageal (CE81T/VGH) carcinoma cells.ResultsBoth benzyl alcohol and dynasore effectively reduced ANE 30‐100K‐induced cytotoxicity and LC3‐II accumulation in OECM‐1 and CE81T/VGH cells. Downregulated protein expression of both clathrin and dynamin by their shRNA also significantly attenuated ANE 30‐100K‐induced elevation of LC3‐II levels in CE81T/VGH cells.ConclusionsThese results indicate that AIAI may be engulfed by cells through clathrin‐mediated endocytosis, which promotes the execution of the following autophagy program.
Quantification of yield losses caused by leaf anthracnose on sorghum in Brazil
Authors: Cota Luciano Viana , Souza André Gomes Coelho , Costa Rodrigo Veras , Silva Dagma Dionísia , Lanza Fabrício Eustáquio , Aguiar Frederick Mendes , Figueiredo José Edson Fontes 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe leaf anthracnose disease in sorghum, caused by Colletotrichum sublineolum (Henn. ex Sacc. & Trotter), is widely distributed throughout its Brazilian cultivation areas. The disease can cause significant losses in grain yield and quality. This study aimed to quantify the effects of leaf anthracnose on grain yield of different sorghum genotypes. Two elite inbred lines of sorghum, BR009 (susceptible) and BR008 (moderately resistant), and the hybrids, BR304 and MR43 (susceptible), BRS310 and DKB599 (moderately resistant) and BRS308 and AG1060 (resistant), were planted in a complete randomized block design with three replicates. The disease severity (DS) was evaluated weekly, starting from the onset of the first foliar symptoms, and yield losses were estimated using linear regression analysis. Leaf anthracnose significantly reduced sorghum yields in the susceptible genotypes. The highest yield loss of 86% was observed in the inbred line BR009, when the disease severity reached 100%. For the hybrids, the grain yield loss varied from 35% (BRS310) to 72% (BRS308). According to the adjusted model, a grain yield reduction of 23.48 kg/ha for BR304, 14.57 kg/ha for BRS310 and 15.91 kg/ha for DKB599 was observed for every 1% increase in disease severity. We demonstrate for the first time the effect of leaf anthracnose disease on grain sorghum yields under Brazilian conditions. The results from this study provide a starting point for developing new strategies for the integrated disease management of sorghum anthracnose.