bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed Intramolecular [3+2] Cross‐Cycloaddition of Aziridine 2,2‐Diesters with Conjugated Dienes for Construction of Aza‐[n.2.1] Skeletons
Authors: Zhan Yizhou , Liu Tao , Ren Jun , Wang Zhongwen 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA novel Lewis acid‐catalyzed [3+2] intramolecular cross‐cycloaddition (IMCC) between aziridine 2,2‐diesters and conjugated dienes has been developed. This is the first regiospecific IMCC of intramolecular 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions of azomethine ylides with carbon=carbon double bonds, and supplies a general and efficient strategy for construction of structurally complex and diverse aza‐[n.2.1] skeletons. The [3+2]IMCC could be carried out under mild conditions and in gram scale. More importantly, 3‐alkyl‐substituted aziridines were also successful. The excellent structural diversity, the facile operation and the versatile post‐modifications will support the applications of the [3+2]IMCC in natural products synthesis and drugs discovery.
Variation in the benefits of multiple mating on female fertility in wild stalk‐eyed flies
Authors: Meade Lara , Harley Elisabeth , Cotton Alison , Howie James M. , Pomiankowski Andrew , Fowler Kevin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPolyandry, female mating with multiple males, is widespread across many taxa and almost ubiquitous in insects. This conflicts with the traditional idea that females are constrained by their comparatively large investment in each offspring, and so should only need to mate once or a few times. Females may need to mate multiply to gain sufficient sperm supplies to maintain their fertility, especially in species in which male promiscuity results in division of their ejaculate among many females. Here, we take a novel approach, utilizing wild‐caught individuals to explore how natural variation among females and males influences fertility gains for females. We studied this in the Malaysian stalk‐eyed fly species Teleopsis dalmanni. After an additional mating, females benefit from greatly increased fertility (proportion fertile eggs). Gains from multiple mating are not uniform across females; they are greatest when females have high fecundity or low fertility. Fertility gains also vary spatially, as we find an additional strong effect of the stream from which females were collected. Responses were unaffected by male mating history (males kept with females or in male‐only groups). Recent male mating may be of lesser importance because males in many species, including T. dalmanni, partition their ejaculate to maintain their fertility over many matings. This study highlights the importance of complementing laboratory studies with data on wild‐caught populations, where there is considerable heterogeneity between individuals. Future research should focus on environmental, demographic and genetic factors that are likely to significantly influence variation in individual female fecundity and fertility.
Broadening the voice of science: Promoting scientific communication in the undergraduate classroom
Authors: Cirino Lauren A. , Emberts Zachary , Joseph Paul N. , Allen Pablo E. , Lopatto David , Miller Christine W. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEffective and accurate communication of scientific findings is essential. Unfortunately, scientists are not always well trained in how to best communicate their results with other scientists nor do all appreciate the importance of speaking with the public. Here, we provide an example of how the development of oral communication skills can be integrated with research experiences at the undergraduate level. We describe our experiences developing, running, and evaluating a course for undergraduates that complemented their existing undergraduate research experiences with instruction on the nature of science and intensive training on the development of science communication skills. Students delivered science talks, research monologues, and poster presentations about the ecological and evolutionary research in which they were involved. We evaluated the effectiveness of our approach using the CURE survey and a focus group. As expected, undergraduates reported strong benefits to communication skills and confidence. We provide guidance for college researchers, instructors, and administrators interested in motivating and equipping the next generation of scientists to be excellent science communicators.
Larval body condition regulates predator‐induced life‐history variation in a dragonfly
Authors: Moore Michael P. , Lis Cassandra , Martin Ryan A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOrganisms with complex life cycles commonly exhibit adaptive plasticity in the timing of transitions between life stages. While the threat of predation is predicted to induce earlier transitions, empirical support has been equivocal. When predation risk affects both the propensity to transition to the next life stage and the ability to reach the energetic thresholds necessary to complete the transition, only those individuals in the best physiological condition may be able to accelerate development and emerge earlier. To test this hypothesis, we followed uniquely marked dragonfly larvae (Pachydiplax longipennis) through emergence in pools where we factorially manipulated the presence of a large heterospecific predator (Anax junius) and cannibalism risk via conspecific size variation. Consistent with our hypothesis, high‐condition larvae were more likely to emerge in the presence of the heterospecific predator than in its absence, and low‐condition larvae were more likely to emerge in its absence than in its presence. Moreover, high‐condition larvae emerged earlier when cannibalism risk was high than when it was low. Predation risk therefore has condition‐dependent effects on emergence. As predation risk frequently affects resource accumulation, similar mechanisms across taxa could commonly underlie the incongruence between empirical results and theoretical expectations for predator‐induced life‐history variation.
Intramyocardial inflammation predicts adverse outcome in patients with cardiac AL amyloidosis
Authors: Siegismund Christine S. , Escher Felicitas , Lassner Dirk , Kühl Uwe , Gross Ulrich , Fruhwald Friedrich , Wenzel Philip , Münzel Thomas , Frey Norbert , Linke Reinhold P. , Schultheiss Heinz‐Peter 
Published: October 2017

AimsTo evaluate the influence of endomyocardial biopsy (EMB)‐proven intramyocardial inflammation on mortality in patients with cardiac transthyretin amyloid (ATTR) or amyloid light‐chain (AL) amyloidosis.Methods and resultsWe included 54 consecutive patients (mean age 68.83 ± 9.59 years; 45 men) with EMB‐proven cardiac amyloidosis. We followed up patients from first diagnostic biopsy to as long as 36 months (mean 11.5 ± 12 months) and compared their outcome with information on all‐cause mortality with or without proof of inflammation on EMB. Intramyocardial inflammation was assessed by quantitative immunohistology. Patients suffering from amyloidosis revealed a significant poor prognosis with proof of intramyocardial inflammation in contrast to those without inflammation (log‐rank P = 0.019). Re‐grouping of patients indicated AL amyloidosis to have a significant impact on all‐cause mortality (log‐rank P = 0.012). The detailed subgroup analysis showed that patients suffering from AL amyloidosis with intramyocardial inflammation have a significantly worse prognosis compared with AL amyloidosis without inflammation and ATTR with or without inflammation, respectively (log‐rank P = 0.014, contingency Fisher's exact test, P = 0.008).ConclusionOur study reports for the first time a high incidence (48.1%) of intramyocardial inflammation in a series of patients with EMB‐proven cardiac amyloidosis and could show that in patients with AL amyloidosis, intramyocardial inflammation correlated significantly with increased mortality. Our data have a direct clinical impact because one can hypothesize that additional immunomodulating/anti‐inflammatory treatment regimens in patients with biopsy‐proven inflammation of heart muscle tissue could be beneficial for patients suffering from cardiac AL amyloidosis.
Use of prospective and retrospective risk assessment methods that simplify chemical mixtures associated with treated domestic wastewater discharges
Authors: Diamond Jerome , Altenburger Rolf , Coors Anja , Dyer Scott D. , Focazio Michael , Kidd Karen , Koelmans Albert A. , Leung Kenneth M. Y. , Servos Mark R. , Snape Jason , Tolls Johannes , Zhang Xiaowei 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

A framework is presented that is intended to facilitate the evaluation of potential aquatic ecological risks resulting from discharges of down-the-drain chemicals. A scenario is presented using representatives of many of the types of chemicals that are treated domestically. Predicted environmental chemical concentrations are based on reported loading rates and routine removal rates for 3 types of treatment: trickling filter, activated sludge secondary treatment, and activated sludge plus advanced oxidation process as well as instream effluent dilution. In tier I, predicted effluent concentrations were compared with the lowest predicted-no-effect concentration (PNEC) obtained from the literature using safety factors as needed. A cumulative risk characterization ratio (cumRCR) &lt; 1.0 indicates that risk is unlikely and no further action is needed. Otherwise, a tier 2 assessment is used, in which PNECs are based on trophic level. If tier 2 indicates a possible risk, then a retrospective assessment is recommended. In tier 1, the cumRCR was &gt; 1.0 for all 3 treatment types in our scenario, even though no chemical exceeded a hazard quotient of 1.0 in activated sludge or advanced oxidation process. In tier 2, activated sludge yielded a lower cumRCR than trickling filter because of higher removal rates, and the cumRCR in the advanced oxidation process was &lt;&lt; 1.0. Based on the maximum cumulative risk ratio (MCR), more than one-third of the predicted risk was accounted for by one chemical, and at least 90% was accounted for by 3 chemicals, indicating that few chemicals influenced the mixture risk in our scenario. We show how a retrospective assessment can test whether certain chemicals hypothesized as potential drivers in the prospective assessment could have, or are having, deleterious effects on aquatic life. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:690–702. © 2017 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
Serie: Migration und Flucht / Teil 3
Authors: Übelmesser Silke 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWas macht es Menschen leichter, ihre Heimat zu verlassen und ihr Heil und Glück in der Ferne zu suchen? Und was hindert sie daran? Dass Sprache und Sprachkenntnisse zu den wichtigsten Anreizen oder aber Barrieren einer jeden Migration gehören – diesem Zusammenhang geht der dritte Teil unserer Serie nach. Dabei steht freilich nicht das Deutsch‐Können hier im Fokus, sondern das Deutsch‐Lernen in den jeweiligen Heimatländern. Und so ungewohnt der Wechsel der Perspektive, so ungewöhnlich auch das Material: Die Jahrbücher der Goethe‐Institute in aller Welt sind die Grundlage dieser volkswirtschaftlichen Annäherung. Dazu auch dieses Mal eine Kurzvorstellung weiterer DFGgeförderter Projekte zu Migrationserleichterungen und ‐hindernissen.
THE QUALITY OF FATHER–CHILD ROUGH‐AND‐TUMBLE PLAY AND TODDLERS’ AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR IN CHINA
Authors: Anderson Sheila , Qiu Wei , Wheeler Shanalyn J. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to explore the influence of the quality of early father–child rough‐and‐tumble play (RTP) on toddler aggressive behaviors and more fully understand how child, mother, and father characteristics were associated with higher quality father–child RTP among contemporary urban Chinese families. Participants included 42 families in Changsha, China. Play observations of fathers and their children were coded for RTP quality. The specific RTP quality of father–child reciprocity of dominance was associated with fewer toddler aggressive behaviors, as rated by both fathers and mothers. Mothers’ democratic parenting attitudes were associated with higher quality father–child RTP. These findings suggest that higher quality father–child RTP may be one way in which some fathers influence children's expression of aggressive behaviors, and the quality of father–child RTP may be influenced by the broader family, social, and cultural contexts.
Anti‐fibrotic function of Cu‐bearing stainless steel for reducing recurrence of urethral stricture after stent implantation
Authors: Zhao Jing , Ren Ling , Liu Meixia , Xi Tong , Zhang Bingchun , Yang Ke 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRecurrent stenosis is the main reason inducing the failure of urethral stricture treatment. Our previous study has found that the 316L type Cu bearing stainless steel (316L‐Cu SS) showed antimicrobial activity and anti‐encrustation performance when it was used for relieving urethral obstructer. However, whether it can reduce the occurrence of fibrosis or not, we need further investigation to compare the cellular and molecular responses of human urethral scar fibroblast cells (USFCs) on 316L‐Cu SS and medical grade 316L stainless (316L SS, as a control). [3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐5‐(3‐carboxymethoxyphenyl)‐2‐(4‐ sulfophenyl)‐ 2H‐tetrazolium (MTS) and Transwell were used to assess the cellular responses, which confirmed that 316L‐Cu SS could inhibit proliferation and migration of USFCs. Molecular expressions of fibrosis were evaluated by western blot, real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) measurement. The results indicated that up‐regulating of CuZnSOD attenuated the transforming growth factor‐β1 expression and phosphorylation of Smad3 after exposure to 316L‐Cu SS. Besides, the content of collagen type I (COL1) and collagen type III (COL3) secreting into the culture medium measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay were in accord with the results of messenger ribonucleic acids. Both of them exhibited lower levels of COL1/COL3 exposure to 316L‐Cu SS, demonstrating the inhibitory performance of 316L‐Cu SS against fibrosis. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2019–2028, 2018.
Nanostructured gemini‐based supramolecular solvent coupled with ultrasound‐assisted back extraction as a preconcentration step before GC–MS
Authors: Feizi Neda , Yamini Yadollah , Moradi Morteza , Salamat Qamar 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLiquid‐phase microextraction based on gemini‐based supramolecular solvent was successfully applied as a preconcentration step before gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. To eliminate the interferences of gemini surfactant, the analytes were back‐extracted into an immiscible organic solvent in the presence of ultrasonic sound waves. Three phthalate esters (di‐n‐butyl‐, butylbenzyl‐, bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐, and di‐n‐octyl phthalatic esters) were used as target analytes. The effective parameters on extraction efficiency of the target analytes (i.e., the amount of surfactant and volume of propanol as major components making up the supramolecular solvent, ionic strength, hexane volume, and ultrasound time) were investigated and optimized by a one‐variable‐at‐a‐time method. Under the optimum conditions, the preconcentration factors of the analytes were in the range of 95–182. The linear dynamic range of 0.05–200.00 μg/L with a correlation of determination of (R2) ≥ 0.9935 was obtained. The proposed method had an excellent limit of detection (S/N = 3) of 0.01 for di‐n‐octyl and 0.02 μg/L for butylbenzyl‐ and di‐n‐butyl‐phthalatic ester. Good relative recoveries in the range of 85.7–105.2% guaranteed the accuracy of the amount of phthalates distinguished in the nonspiked samples.
Comparative study on chemical components and anti‐inflammatory effects of Panax notoginseng flower extracted by water and methanol
Authors: Ma Li‐Juan , Liu Fang , Zhong Zhang‐Feng , Wan Jian‐Bo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMethanol and water are commonly used solvents for chemical analysis and traditional decoction, respectively. In the present study, a high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection method was developed to quantify 11 saponins in Panax notoginseng flower extracted by aqueous solution and methanol, and chemical components and anti‐inflammatory effects of these two extracts were compared. The separation of 11 saponins, including notoginsenoside Fc and ginsenoside Rc, was well achieved on a Zorbax SB C18 column. This developed method provides an adequate linearity (r2 > 0.999), repeatability (RSD < 4.26%), inter‐ and intraday variations (RSD < 3.20%) with recovery (94.7–104.1%) of 11 saponins concerned. Our data indicated that ginsenoside biotransformation in PNF was found, when water was used as the extraction solvent, but not methanol. Specifically, the major components of Panax notoginseng flower, ginsenosides Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rb3, and Rd, can be near completely transformed to the minor components, gypenoside XVII, notoginsenoside Fe, ginsenoside Rd2, notoginsenoside Fd, and ginsenoside F2, respectively. Total protein isolated from Panax notoginseng flower is responsible for this ginsenoside biotransformation. Additionally, methanol extract exerted the stronger anti‐inflammatory effects than water extract in lipopolysaccharide‐induced RAW264.7 cells. This difference in anti‐inflammatory action might be attributed to their chemical difference of saponins.
Simultaneous determination of furfural and its degradation products, furoic acid and maleic acid, in transformer oil by the reversed‐phase vortex‐assisted liquid–liquid microextraction followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Wang Yifan , Li Haiyan , Yang Zhen , Zhang Weijie , Hua Jia 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTo explore why the use of furfural as a transformer oil‐paper insulation aging characteristic is problematic in real world application, we developed a method for the simultaneous determination of furfural, furoic acid, and maleic acid in transformer oil by reversed‐phase vortex‐assisted liquid–liquid microextraction combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography. The conditions for the proposed method were optimized, and the obtained extract can be directly analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The detection limits (signal‐to‐noise ratio = 3) of the method ranged from 1.0 to 4.6 μg/L, the enrichment factors for furfural, furoic acid, maleic acid, and fumaric acid were 4.6, 25.1, 15.6, and 17.5, respectively, and the recovery rates for three analytes (fumaric acid was undetected) range from 82.1 to 106.2%. The contents of furfural, furoic acid, and maleic acid resulted from accelerated aging of transformer insulation oil‐paper were measured using the present method for the first time, and the aging samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry for the identification of furoic acid and maleic acid in the aging transformer oil samples. Using the optimal method, the target products of samples at different aging time were tracked and measured.
Covalent Incorporation of Heparin Improves Chondrogenesis in Photocurable Gelatin‐Methacryloyl Hydrogels
Authors: Brown Gabriella C. J. , Lim Khoon S. , Farrugia Brooke L. , Hooper Gary J. , Woodfield Tim B. F. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMulticomponent gelatin‐methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels are regularly adopted for cartilage tissue engineering (TE) applications, where optimizing chemical modifications for preserving biofunctionality is often overlooked. This study investigates the biological effect of two different modification methods, methacrylation and thiolation, to copolymerize GelMA and heparin. The native bioactivity of methacrylated heparin (HepMA) and thiolated heparin (HepSH) is evaluated via thromboplastin time and heparan sulfate‐deficient myeloid cell‐line proliferation assay, demonstrating that thiolation is superior for preserving anticoagulation and growth factor signaling capacity. Furthermore, incorporating either HepMA or HepSH in chondrocyte‐laden GelMA hydrogels, cultured for 5 weeks under chondrogenic conditions, promotes cell viability and chondrocyte phenotype. However, only GelMA‐HepSH hydrogels yield significantly greater differentiation and matrix deposition in vitro compared to GelMA. This study demonstrates that thiol‐ene chemistry offers a favorable strategy for incorporating bioactives into gelatin hydrogels as compared to methacrylation while furthermore highlighting GelMA‐HepSH hydrogels as candidates for cartilage TE applications.
R‐based Tool for a Pairwise Structure‐activity Relationship Analysis
Authors: Klimenko Kyrylo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe Structure‐Activity Relationship analysis is a complex process that can be enhanced by computational techniques. This article describes a simple tool for SAR analysis that has a graphic user interface and a flexible approach towards the input of molecular data. The application allows calculating molecular similarity represented by Tanimoto index & Euclid distance, as well as, determining activity cliffs by means of Structure‐Activity Landscape Index. The calculation is performed in a pairwise manner either for the reference compound and other compounds or for all possible pairs in the data set. The results of SAR analysis are visualized using two types of plot. The application capability is demonstrated by the analysis of a set of COX2 inhibitors with respect to Isoxicam. This tool is available online: it includes manual and input file examples.
Simultaneous QSM and metabolic imaging of the brain using SPICE
Authors: Peng Xi , Lam Fan , Li Yudu , Clifford Bryan , Liang Zhi‐Pei 
Published: October 2017

PurposeTo map brain metabolites and tissue magnetic susceptibility simultaneously using a single three‐dimensional 1H‐MRSI acquisition without water suppression.MethodsThe proposed technique builds on a subspace imaging method called spectroscopic imaging by exploiting spatiospectral correlation (SPICE), which enables ultrashort echo time (TE)/short pulse repetition time (TR) acquisitions for 1H‐MRSI without water suppression. This data acquisition scheme simultaneously captures both the spectral information of brain metabolites and the phase information of the water signals that is directly related to tissue magnetic susceptibility variations. In extending this scheme for simultaneous QSM and metabolic imaging, we increase k‐space coverage by using dual density sparse sampling and ramp sampling to achieve spatial resolution often required by QSM, while maintaining a reasonable signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) for the spatiospectral data used for metabolite mapping. In data processing, we obtain high‐quality QSM from the unsuppressed water signals by taking advantage of the larger number of echoes acquired and any available anatomical priors; metabolite spatiospectral distributions are reconstructed using a union‐of‐subspaces model.ResultsIn vivo experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can produce susceptibility maps at a resolution higher than 1.8 × 1.8 × 2.4 mm3 along with metabolite spatiospectral distributions at a nominal spatial resolution of 2.4 × 2.4 × 2.4 mm3 from a single 7‐min MRSI scan. The estimated susceptibility values are consistent with those obtained using the conventional QSM method with 3D multi‐echo gradient echo acquisitions.ConclusionThis article reports a new capability for simultaneous susceptibility mapping and metabolic imaging of the brain from a single 1H‐MRSI scan, which has potential for a wide range of applications. Magn Reson Med 79:13–21, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.