bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insect Pest Control in Cabbage, 1996
Authors: McEnhill E. , Grafius E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Six insecticide treatments were tested at Michigan State University Entomology Research Farm, in East Lansing, MI, for their control of imported cabbageworm, cabbage looper, and diamondback moth. Seedlings were transplanted at 2-ft spacing in single-row plots, 15 ft long, on 18 Jul. There was a 6-ft untreated zone between two plots with an untreated row (3 ft spacing) on either side of a treated row. Treatments were replicated four times in a RCB design. Insecticides were applied using a CO2 backpack sprayer with a single boom and a hand-held nozzle (30 psi, 20 gal/A). Treatments were sprayed on 12 and 23 Aug, and 4 Sep. All insects on two randomly selected plants were counted in each plot on 7, 16 and 29 Aug and 10 Sep. The percent defoliation of outer leaves was assessed for each plot on 17 Sep, before the heads were harvested. These were then assigned a marketability rating: no damage, slight damage (outer leaves of the head only), or unmarketable (damage to head beyond the outer couple of leaves).
Control of Lepidopterous Pests on Collards, 1996
Authors: Edelson J. V. , Peters M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Champion’ cultivar collards were direct seeded to plots in Apr at the Wes Watkins AREC, Lane, OK. Seeds were planted in one row on raised beds on 36 inch centers with ≈ 3 inches between plants in rows. The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replicates and 16 treatments. Individual plots were 2 rows wide and 20 ft long with 10 ft alleys between plots. Insecticide applications were made on 24 May, 3 and 7 Jun using a tractor mounted sprayer with 2 hollow cone nozzles (TXVS26) per bed applying 41 gpa solution at 42 psi. Insect populations were surveyed by examining 5 plants per plot on 17 Jun.
Insecticidal Control of European Corn Borer and Corn Earworm in Sweet Corn, 1996
Authors: Bartels D. W. , Hutchison W. D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This test was conducted on the University of Minnesota Southern Experiment Station at Waseca, MN. Sweet corn was planted 1 Jul. Plots consisted of 4 rows, 25 ft (7.6 m) long on 30 inch (0.8 m) centers with 2 untreated border rows and 6-ft (1.83 m) alleys separating plots. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. A Hagie highboy sprayer, with two flat fan (8002VS) drop nozzles per row, was used to treat each plot. The nozzles directed spray over the oar zone of each row. The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 35 gpa (327.4 liters/ha) at 36 psi (2.8 kg/cm2) and 2 mph (1.2 km/hr). Treatment applications began at first silk. Treatments were applied 13, 21 and 29 Aug. Plots were manually infested with about 25 neonate ECB larvae per primary ear-leaf on 22 Aug, 1 day after the second treatment application. Treatments were evaluated 9 Sep by randomly selecting 25 ears per plot (100 per treatment) and recording total number of larvae, larval size, location and feeding damage. In addition to the manual infestation, 14% of the plants were infested with 1 or more feral ECB egg masses at first silk.
Use of Labeled and Experimental Insecticides for Control of European Corn Borer and Corn Ears Worm on Sweet Corn, 1996
Authors: Wedberg John , Jensen Bryan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Jubilee’ sweet corn was planted at the Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI at 23,000 seeds per acre on 24 Jun. Each treatment was 6 rows wide and 60 ft long, arranged in a RCB design and replicated four times. The sprays were applied 21, 26 Aug and 3, 10 Sep. All treatments were applied with a high clearance sprayer equipped with D2/23 TeeJet disc-core nozzles and delivered 10.3 gallons of finished spray per acre at 40 psi when driven at 2.5 MPH. Plots were evaluated 18 Sep by removing 25 ears per treatment and recording the number of damaged ears and of the larvae present in different developmental stages.
Evaluation of Adjuvants and Co-Applied Pesticides on Onion Thrips Control, 1996
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney , Schweissing Frank 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The trial was conducted at the Arkansas Valley Research Center in Rocky Ford, CO, on seeded onions (cv. Mambo) planted in double-row beds at 36-in centers. Plots consisted of a single row, 20-ft in length, and were arranged in a RCB design with three replications. Treatments were applied 8 Jul using a CO2 compressed air sprayer delivering 24 gpa at 35 psi. Evaluations were made 16 Jul by counting all thrips on ten plants in the center of each plot.
Evaluation of Soil Treatments on Control of Onion Thrips on Onions, 1996
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney , Sclar D. Casey , Gerace D. , Tupy A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A trial was conducted at the Horticulture Field Research Center, Ft. Collins, CO, to evaluate the effects of soil treatments on control of onion thrips. Onions (cv. Vega) were transplanted 14 May by placing them in shallow furrows and covering. Prior to covering, Admire and Fipronil treatments were applied; Vydate applications were made 22 May as a drench that was subsequently irrigated. Individual plots were 15 row-ft, arranged in a randomized complete block with five replications. Plots were evaluated by counting thrips on ten plants/plot.
Control of Insects on Bell Pepper, 1996
Authors: Foster R. E. , Buhler W. G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Transplants were planted 17 Jun at the O’Neal Memorial Farm, Lafayette, Indiana. Plots consisted of single rows, 30 ft. long, 8 ft apart, and were arranged in a RCB design with four replications. Insecticides were applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer using hollow cone nozzle tips and delivering 16.3 gal water/acre at 30 psi. Sprays were applied 29 Jul, 5 Aug, and 12 Aug. On 9 Aug, all plants were inspected for tomato hornworm feeding damage. All marketable fruit were harvested on 19 Aug, cut open, and inspected for the presence of European corn borers.
Potato Insect Pest Control, 1996
Authors: Hoy Casey W. , Dunlap Michael J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Kennebec’ potatoes were planted 31 May at the Fry Farm, OARDC, Wooster, OH. Plant spacing was 38 inches between rows and 9 to 10 inches between plants. Fertilizer was applied at planting (1750 lb/acre 10-20-20). The Admire 2F (in-furrow) treatment was applied at planting using a CO2compression sprayer at 20 psi with an 8004 flat fan nozzle delivering the insecticide into the seed furrow and on top of the tubers. The field was treated for weed control on 20 Jun with 0.67 lb/acre of Sencor DF. Fungicide, 1.5 lb/acre Penncozeb DF, was applied 11, 24, 29 Jul, 5, 13, 21 Aug, and 6 Sep. Paraquat, 1 qt/acre, was applied 20 Sep as a vine killer. Plots were two rows wide and 40 ft in length, with 9 ft alleys separating plots and 4 ft alleys separating blocks. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design. Foliar treatments were initiated when the first generation larvae were increasing in the plots. Foliar applications of Provado were made 28 Jun and 2 Aug only. All other foliar treatments were applied 28 fun, 12 Jul, 2 and 16 Aug. Cygon 4 E, 1 pt/acre, was added to designated treatments of Fipronil 1.67 SC 12 Jul and 2 Aug to suppress PLH populations. All treatments were sprayed with Cygon 4 E, 1 pt/acre in combination with the 13 Aug fungicide application. Foliar treatments were applied with a tractor mounted drop nozzle boom sprayer delivering 50 gpa at 50 psi with three D-4 hollow cone nozzles/row. Number of eggs, small (instar 1-2), large (instar 3-4) larvae, and adults were counted and percent defoliation was visually estimated in five lm lengths of row per plot weekly. Leafhopper nymphs and aphids were sampled by visually inspecting 25 compound leaves per plot on each sampling date. Potatoes were harvested 11 Oct and graded 15 Oct.
Colorado Potato Beetle and Green Peach Aphid Control with Soil Applied Insecticides and Foliar Sprays, 1996
Authors: Stoltz Robert L. , Matteson Nancy A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Experimental plots were established on the UI Research and Extension Center, Kimberly, Idaho. Potatoes were planted on 25 Apr and irrigated by solid set sprinkler. The soil type was Portneuf silt loam. Eight treatments and one untreated check plot were replicated four times in a RCB design. Individual plots were 4 rows (36 inch row spacing) wide by 25 ft long with 5 ft alleyways separating the plots. Green peach aphids were mass reared on greenhouse sweet pepper plants (‘California Wonder’) for release into individual plots. Aphid releases were made into test plots on 27 Jun and again on 8 Jul. A total of four heavily infested plants were released per plot. On a weekly basis, adults, large larvae (3-4 instar), small larvae (1 -2 instar), and egg masses of CPB were counted and percent defoliation assessed from whole plant inspections of the center 5 hills of the middle 2 plot rows. GPA counts were made on 20 leaves chosen at random from the top, middle and bottom sections of plants in the center two rows of each plot. Admire treatments were applied at plant in-furrow over the seed piece on 25 Apr. Temik and Thimet were applied in-furrow with the seed piece also at planting. Furadan was applied in a six-inch banded S over the plants at 4-inch rosette stage of plant growth on 4 Jun using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer. All foliar treatments were broadcast on 29 Jun using the backpack CO2 sprayer at a rate of 20 gpa (30 psi, with 4, 10X hollow cone nozzles). On 11 Jul, a second foliar application of Metasystox-R + Asana, Monitor and Alert was made. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Newman-Keuls multiple means comparison.
Control of Yellowmargined Leaf Beetle on Turnip, 1995
Authors: Story R. , Ameen A. O. , Murray M. J. , Can F. , Ring D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticide treatments were applied at labeled rates on 11 May and 18 May at the Burden Research Plantation, Baton Rouge, LA, 1995 on turnip. A CO2 powered backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 40 gallons per acre at 30 psi through a spray boom with three nozzles was used. Experimental plots consisted of single rows (30 ft long, 4 ft wide) arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Insect counts were made with beat sheets (3 X 2) on 10 and 17 May (pre-treatment counts) and 12 and 19 May (post-treatment counts). Three samples were taken from each plot and the number of insects present of each species was recorded.
Control of Silverleaf Whitefly (Swf) on Tomato Using Sanmite Applied with Hydraulic and Airboom Sprayers, 1996
Authors: Stansly P. A. , Conner J. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Tomato seedlings “Agriset” from a commercial plant house were transplanted on 7 Mar 96, 18 in between plants, into raised beds 32 in wide and 250 ft long on 6-ft centers. They were covered with black polyethylene film mulch. A dry bottom mix of 50 lbs N, 160 lbs P and 80 lbs K per acre was placed at the bottom of the beds and an additional 3.25 lbs per acre N and K was fertigated 3 times a week by drip irrigation. The plants were sprayed weekly with an alternating combination of Maneb 80 WP at 1.5 lb/acre plus Kocide 101 at 2 lb/acre and Bravo 720 at 2 pt/acre for disease control. Dipel was added to the disease control sprays when needed at a rate of 1 lb product/acre. Each of the 4 beds was used as a replication divided into 5 plots separated by 2-ft buffers, with each 48-ft plot randomly assigned to 5 treatments. Applications were initiated 16 May when whitefly population was established and continued weekly for 3 weeks. Spray was delivered using two different types of spray equipment: a high clearance sprayer utilizing an hydraulic pump operating at 200 psi, delivering spray through 6 Yellow Albuz hollow cone nozzles, 3 per drop boom at a volume of 69 gpa at 2.5 mph, and a Berthoud airboom sprayer delivering spray material at 50 psi through 6 Brown Albuz nozzles, atomized by an airblast 172 mph and dispensing at a volume of 35 gpa. Spray coverage was evaluated on 8 May by using water sensitive papers and spectophotmetric analysis of FD&C#1 blue dye deposited on paper targets. Plants were evaluated weekly for the presence of whitefly adults, eggs, nymphs, pupa and parasitized pupae on a trifoliate from the 6th node of 8 randomly selected plants per plot. Counts were made using stereoscopic microscope by placing a 1 cm sq template twice on each side of the midvein of each leaflet (4 cm2/leaflet = 12 cm2/trifoliate = 96 cm2 per plot). Adult whitefiies were evaluated by striking plants 5 times with a 9.5" X 13" pie pan painted black and covered with a 9:1 oil/detergent mixture (N = 6/plots). Fruit was not harvested for evaluation because a heavy infestation of pin worm and high incidence of disease on many of the plots would have rendered the data of little value.
Control of Tomato Pinworm (Tpw) with Abamectin in Staked Tomato, 1996
Authors: Stansly P. A. , Conner J. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Tomato seedings “Agriset” from a commercial plant house were transplanted on 7 Mar 96, 18 in. between plants, into raised beds 32 in. wide on 6-ft centers covered with black polyethylene film mulch. A dry bottom mix of 50 lbs N, 160 lbs P and 80 lbs K per acre had been placed at the bottom of the beds and an additional 3.25 lbs per acre N and K were fertigated 3 times a week by drip irrigation. The plants were sprayed weekly with an alternating combination of Maneb 80 WP at 1.5 lb/acre plus Kocide 101 at 2 lb/acre and Bravo 720 at 2 pt/acre for disease control. Dipel was added to the disease control sprays when needed at a rate of 1 lb product/acre. Two wing-type traps from AgriSense containing TPW pheromones were set out on 23 Apr. 15 feet to the east and west of the trial area to monitor moth activity. Mean number of moths captured rose from 1.4 per night on 26 Apr to a peak of 33.6 on 10 May, later declining to 8.0 on 20 May. Plots, 30 ft long and 2 rows, wide were assigned one of 3 treatments in a CRB design with 4 replications. All treatments were sprayed weekly from 1 May to 15 May for three applications at 69 gpa using a high clearance sprayer with 2 booms of 3 Yellow Albuz hollow cone nozzles each for a total of 6 per row and operating pressure of 200 psi. Plants (10 per row or 20 total) were evaluated before treatment on 30 Apr and again on 6 and 13 May by counting live and dead miners. Damage for the entire plant was assessed on a rating scale of 1-6: “1” = no apparent damage; “2” = 0-1% of leaflets damaged; “3” = 2-5% damaged; “4” = 6-10% damaged; “5” = 11-30% damaged; and “6” = &gt;30% damaged. Fruit was harvested 21 May from 20 plants per plot and the marketable fruit graded on a commercial table with weights and numbers recorded. Unmarketable fruit was separated into categories of TPW damage, other insect damage and damage due to disease.
Control of Western Corn Rootworm Larvae, 1996
Authors: Seymour R. C. , Campbell J. B. , Wright R. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were evaluated for rootworm larval suppression in two fields composed of Cozad silt loam soils. ‘DeKalb 580’ hybrid corn was ridge-planted in Field 1 on 1 May. At the time of planting, soil moisture was adequate for germination. Soil temperature at a depth of 5 cm was about 13°C. Four replicates of each treatment were applied at planting 5 X 40 ft plots in a RCB design. In Field 2, granular and liquid insecticides were applied to untreated strips immediately prior to cultivation on 13 Jun. The ‘Mycogen 6220’ hybrid plants were in the early whorl stage (V3 stage) of development at the time of application. Rootworm eggs began hatching about 6 Jun. The treatments were replicated four times in 10 X 35 ft plots arranged in a RCB design. The granular treatments were applied in a band over the whorl of the plants. Furadan 4F was broadcast over the top of the plants in a total volume of 25 gpa at 30 psi. Treatments in both fields were evaluated 12 Jul by rating washed roots of four plants from each replicate, using the 1 -6 Iowa State root damage rating scale.
Evaluation of Thrips Densities in At-Planting Seed and Soil Treatments on a Commerce Silt Loam Soil, 1996
Authors: Cook D. R. , Burris E. , Leonard B. R. , Graves J. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Plots were replicated four times in a RCB design and were four rows wide (40 inch spacing) X45 ft. Stoneville 474 cotton seed of the same seed lot was planted on a Commerce silt loam soil on 7 May. The seeding rate was 4 seed/row ft. Cotton seed was planted with a John Deere 7100 series planter which was equipped with 10 inch seed cones mounted to replace the seed hoppers. Granular in-furrow treatments were applied with 8 inch belt cone applicators mounted to replace the standard granular applicators. In-furrow spray treatments were applied with a CO2 charged spray system through 25015 nozzles (1/row) mounted in front of the press wheels. The spray tips were turned to spray across the furrow and calibrated to deliver gpa finished spray. Control of thrips was assessed by randomly selecting 5 plants per plot on 20, 24, 28, and 31 May and 5 and 9 Jun. Plant samples were processed by using whole plant washing procedures to remove insects. Major past and/or secondary pest control was initiated in Jun and continued on an “as needed” basis through Aug. Percentage of open bolls was determined by counting all open and unopened bolls within a 3.0m section of a center row on 16 Sep. Plots were harvested on 23 Sep and 8 Oct. These data were subjected to appropriate calculations to determine percent first harvest. All four rows were mechanically harvested using a John Deere spindle type picker. Yields were converted to lbs seed cotton/acre.
Evaluation of Thrips Densities in At-Planting Seed and Soil Treatments on Gigger Silt Loam, 1996
Authors: Cook D. R. , Burris E. , Leonard B. R. , Graves J. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Plots were replicated four times in a RCB design and were four rows wide (40 inch spacing) X45 ft. Stoneville 474 cotton seed of the same seed lot was planted on a Gigger silt loam soil on 7 May. The seeding rate was 4 seed/row ft. Cotton seed was planted with a John Deere 7300 series planter which was equipped with 10 inch seed cones mounted to replace the seed hoppers. Granular in-furrow treatments were applied with standard granular applicators. In-furrow spray treatments were applied with a CO2 charged spray system through 25015 nozzles (1/row) mounted in front of the press wheels. The spray tips were turned to spray across the furrow and calibrated to deliver 5 gpa finished spray. Control of thrips was assessed by randomly selecting 5 plants per plot on 20, 24, 28, and 31 May and 5 and 9 Jun. Plant samples were processed by using whole plant washing procedures to remove insects. Major pest and/or secondary pest control was initiated in Jun and continued on an “as needed” basis through Aug. Percentage of open bolls was determined by counting all open and unopened bolls within a 3.0 m section of a center row on 18 Sep. Plots were harvested on 26 Sep and 10 Oct. These data were subjected to appropriate calculations to determine percent first harvest. The center two rows were mechanically harvested using a John Deere spindle type picker. Yields were converted to lbs seed cotton/acre.
Evaluation of Selected Insecticide Combinations Against Bollworm/ Tobacco Budworm (Bw/Tbw), 1996
Authors: Fife J. H. , Leonard B. R. , Torrey K. D. , Graves J. B. , Adamczyk J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The efficacy of selected insecticides was evaluated against BW/TBW at the Macon Ridge (LA) location of the Northeast Research Station. Cotton seed was planted 4 Jun in plots consisting of 4 rows (40 inch centers) X 50 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design and replicated 4 times. Applications were made with a high clearance sprayer calibrated to deliver 6 gpa through Teejet TX-8 hollow cone nozzles (2/row) at 42 psi. Insecticides were applied on 7, 9, 12, 14, 19 and 28 Aug. Treatments were evaluated by examining 50 flower buds (squares) per plot on 9, 12, 14, 19, and 23 Aug for evidence of BW/TBW damage and squares infested with larvae. The plots were mechanically harvested on 14 Oct to determine seedcotton yields. The test area was irrigated by an overhead sprinkler “as needed” during the season, but not within 48 h of treatment applications. Rainfall did not influence the efficacy of these treatments. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, and means were separated according to DMRT.
Efficacy of Selected Insecticide Mixtures for Bollworm/Tobacco Budworm Control, 1996
Authors: Micinski S. , Scarborough R. G. , Forrester F. D. , Graves J. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Thirteen treatments (insecticides and mixtures) were evaluated at the Red River Research Station, Bossier City, LA, to determine their efficacy in controlling the BW/TBW complex on cotton. Plots were planted 3 May and were 4 rows X 100 ft on 40-inch centers. All plots had Temik 15G (0.5 lb [AI]/acre) applied m-furrow at planting. The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Prior to trial initiation, plots were oversprayed for boll weevils on 4 Jun and 12 Jul (Vydate C-LV at 0.25 lb [AI]/acre); for BW/TBW on 14 Jun (Orthene 90SP at 1.0 lb [AI]/acre), 29 Jun and 18 Jul (Baythroid 2EC at 0.03 and 0.033 lb [AI]/acre, respectively); and for aphids on 29 Jun and 9 Jul with Lorsban 4EC at 0.5 lb [AI]/acre and Provado 1.6F at 0.047 lb [AI]/acre, respectively. Insecticide treatments were applied in 5.9 gpa at 60 psi with TX-3 hollow-cone nozzles spaced 20 inches apart (2 nozzles/row). Treatment were applied with a high-clearance sprayer equipped with a CO2 system for spraying small plots. Insecticide treatments were applied on 23, 30 Jul and 6 Aug. During and after the trial, all plots were oversprayed for boll weevils with methyl parathion 4EC at 0.33 lb [AI]/acre on 2, 19, 21, 30 Aug and 6 Sep and for BW/TBW on 21 Aug with Baythroid at 0.033 lb [AI]/acre. Infestations of larvae and square damage were monitored on 26 Jul, 1 and 8 Aug by examining 25 squares/plot. Yields were determined by mechanically harvesting the center 2 rows of each plot on 30 Oct.
Control of Plant Bugs on Cotton, 1995
Authors: Studebaker Glenn 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The efficacy of selected insecticides against plant bug species in Northeast, AR was evaluated. Test plots consisted of four, 38-inch rows 50 ft long. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Plots were over-sprayed with oxamyl at 0.25 lbs (AI)/acre on 20 Jun and with cyhalothrin oat 0.025 lbs (AI)/acre on 19 Jul and 10 Aug. Treatments were applied on 16 Aug with a hand-held boom calibrated to deliver 10 gpa through two TX-4 hollow-cone nozzles per row at 40 psi. Treatments were evaluated 2 DAT with a 15" diameter sweep net, counting the number of plant bugs per 10 sweeps in each plot.
Apple, Comparison of Insecticides Against Oblr, 1996
Authors: Reissig H. , Dunham D. H. , Smith C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Treatments were applied with a truck-mounted airblast sprayer calibrated to deliver 100 gallons of water/acre to 0.25 acre plots of apple trees in 2 orchards: (1) ‘Idared’ trees (Brown orchard), which were about 15 years old, 12 ft high, and planted 19 by 27 ft apart and ‘Delicious’ trees (Nesbitt orchard), which were about 8 ft high and planted 11 X 18 ft apart. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design and replicated twice in each orchard.