bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacillus Thuringiensis for Control of Asian Corn Borer, 1993
Authors: Schreiner Use , Dumaliang Liborio 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two experiments were run testing various formulations of B. thuringiensis. In the first experiment, sweet corn was planted 6 Jan 1993. Plots consisted of three 5 m rows planted 1.2 m apart. Each treatment was n plicated 4 times in a randomized block design. The treatment plots were sprayed twice weekly beginning 28 Jan 1993, at which time signs of corn b &gt;rer infestation were evident throughout the field. Treatments were continued until harvest. All materials were applied at the middle of the label rate (5 TB./gal). The second experiment was planted 12 Jun 1993 using the same design and treatments began 12 Jul 1993. For both experiments five plants per plot were harvested at silking and dissected. All corn borer larvae were counted. All ears were harvested at the milk stage, and examined for corn borer damage.
Use of Labeled and Experimental Insecticides for Control of European Corn Borer and Corn Earworm on Sweet Corn in Wisconsin, 1994
Authors: Wedberg John , Jensen Bryan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Jubilee’ sweet corn was planted at the Arlington Agriculture Research Center, Arlington, WI at 23,000 seeds per acre on 29 June. Each treatment was 6 rows wide and 60 feet long, arranged in a randomized complete block design, replicated four times. The first spray was applied 29 Aug when the crop started to pollinate. Subsequent sprays were applied 3, 9 and 16 Sep. All treatments were applied with a high clearance sprayer equipped with D2/23 TeeJet disc-core nozzles calibrated to deliver 10.7 gallons of finished spray per acre at 40 PSI when driven at 2.5 MPH. Plots were evaluated 26 Sep by removing 25 ears per treatment and recording number of damaged ears and the size of larvae present. “Early” CEW larvae were shorter than 1/2 inch, “Mid” larvae were longer than 1/2 inch but shorter than 3/4 inch and “Late” larvae were longer than 3/4 inch. “Early” ECB larvae were shorter than 1/4 inch, “Mid” larvae were longer than 1/4 inch but shorter than 1/2 inch, and “Late” larvae were longer than 1/2 inch.
Use of Labeled and Experimental Insecticides for Control of European Corn Borer and Corn Ear- ; Worm on Sweet Corn in Wisconsin, 1994
Authors: Wedberg John , Jensen Bryan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Jubilee’ sweet corn was planted at the Arlington Agriculture Research Center, Arlington, WI at 23,000 seeds per acre on 29 June. Each treatment was 6 rows wide and 60 feet long, arranged in a randomized complete block design, replicated four times. The first spray was applied 29 August when the crop started to pollinate. Subsequent sprays were applied 3, 9 and 16 September. All treatments were applied with a high clearance sprayer equipped with D2/23 TeeJet disc-core nozzles calibrated to deliver 10.7 gallons of finished spray per acre at 40 PSI when driven at 2.5 MPH. Plots were evaluated 26 September by removing 25 ears per treatment and recording number of damaged ears and the size of larvae present. “Early” CEW larvae were shorter than 1/2 inch, “Mid” larvae were longer than 1/2 inch but shorter than 3/4 inch and “Late” larvae were longer 3/4 inch. “Early” ECB larvae were shorter than 1/4 inch, “Mid” larvae are longer than 1/4 inch but shorter than 1/2 inch, and “Late” larvae were longer than 3/4 inch.
Apple, Codling Moth Control with Neemix, Dipel 2X, Imidan and Guthion, 1995
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Doerr M. D. , Smith L. O. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Neemix, alone and in combination with Dipel 2X, Imidan and Guthion were evaluated for their ability to control CM over the entire season. The test was conducted in an apple orchard at the Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center. The trees were 15-yr-old spur type Delicious on dwarfing roots. Treatments were applied to 1-tree plots replicated 5 times in a RCB design. All treatments were applied with a handgun sprayer at 300 psi to the point of drip. The CM injury evaluations were made following the first generation on 19 Jun and at harvest on 31 Aug. Twenty-five apples per replicate were sampled on 19 Jun and the number of fruit injured by CM recorded. At harvest, all the fruits per replicate were sampled and the number of CM and PLR injured fruit recorded. Due to the high percentage of CM-injured fruit at harvest, a 10-fruit subsample was chosen at random from each replicate and the number of CM stings and entries per fruit recorded.
Control of Insects on Collards, 1995
Authors: Foster R. E. , Buhler W. G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Plants were seeded 31 May at the O’Neall Memorial Farm, Lafayette, Indiana. Plots consisted of single rows, 30 ft long, 5 ft apart, arranged in a RCB with four replications. Insecticides were applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer using hollow cone nozzle tips delivering 16.3 gal water/acre at 30 psi. Sprays were applied 7, 21 and 28 Jul and 4 Aug. Insects were counted on ten plants on 11, 19, 23, and 31 Jul and 8 Aug. All counts of insects on 11 Jul were zero. Results are presented as the average number of insects per 10 plants.
Apple, Codling Moth Control with V-71639, Fenoxycarb and Azinphosmethyl, 1995
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Doerr M. D. , Smith L. O. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
An experimental compound, V-71639, Comply, and Guthion were evaluated for their ability to control CM over the entire season. The test was conducted in an apple orchard at the Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center. The trees were 15-yr-old spur type Delicious on dwarfing roots. Treatments were applied to 1-tree plots replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block. All treatments were applied with a handgun sprayer at 300 psi to the point of drip. The CM injury evaluations were made on 19 Jun following the first generation, and at harvest on 31 Aug. Twenty-five apples per replicate were evaluated on 19 Jun. On 31 Aug, all fruits from each replicate were sampled and the number of CM and PLR injured fruit recorded. Due to the high percentage of CM injured fruit at harvest, a 10-fruit subsample was chosen at random from each replicate and the number of CM stings and entries per fruit recorded. A mite sample was conducted on 21 Aug. Twenty-five leaves were collected from each replicate and the total number of TSM, ERM, ARM, TYPH and ZETZ motile forms counted.
Ear Infesting Insect Control in Sweet Corn, 1995
Authors: Hoy Casey W. , Dunlap Michael J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Early Sunglow’ sweet corn was planted 10 Jul on the Snyder Farm at the OARDC, Wooster, Ohio. Plant spacing was 30 inches between rows and 6-8 inches between plants. Plots consisted of 4 rows, 25 ft in length, with two untreated guard rows between plots and 6 ft of untreated corn at either end of each plot. Treatments were applied during the silking period on 25, 30 Aug, 2, 5, and 9 Sep using a backpack sprayer delivering 30 gal/acre at 50 psi with a flat fan nozzle directed at the ear zone. Plots were evaluated 12 Sep by examining 30 ears from the middle two rows of each plot for any lepidopteran pests infesting the ears and for feeding damage to the kernels.
Use of Labeled and Experimental Insecticides for Control of European Corn Borer on Sweet Corn in Wisconsin, 1995
Authors: Wedberg John , Jensen Bryan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Heritage’ sweet corn was planted at the Arlington Agriculture Research Station, Arlington, WI at 23,000 seeds per acre on 15 June. Each treatment was 6 rows wide and 60 feet long, arranged in a RCBD, replicated four times. The sprays were applied 6, 11, 17 and 25 August. All treatments were applied with a high clearance sprayer equipped with D2/23 TeeJet disc-core nozzles and delivered 10.76 gallons of finished spray per acre at 40 PSI when driven at 2.5 MPH. Plots were evaluated 8 September by removing 25 ears per treatment and recording number of damaged ears and the size of larvae present. “Early” ECB larvae were shorter than lA inch, “mid” larvae are longer than ¼ inch but shorter than Vi inch, and “late” larvae were longer than ¾ inch.
Efficacy of Bacillus Thuringensis and Lannate for Control of Lepidopterous Larvae in Lettuce, 1994
Authors: Kerns D. L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Lettuce was direct seeded into double-rows on 42-in beds on 12 Sep at the Yuma Valley Agricultural Center, Yuma, AZ. Plots were four beds wide by 30 ft long. Each plot was bordered on each side by two blank beds. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Treatments were applied using a tractor-mounted sprayer with two TX-18 hollow cone nozzles per bed, calibrated to deliver 60 gal/acre at 300 psi. Treatment rates were determined by equating cost/acre based on 1.0 lb of Javelin WDG, or $10.22 worth of product. All treatment applications included Dyne-Amic spreader-sticker at 0.25% v/v. Treatments were applied on Oct 6, Oct 14 and Oct 25. Evaluations were made five to six days after treatment (Oct 4, Oct 12, Oct 19 and Nov 1) by randomly selecting ten plants per plot and counting the number of live large (&gt;2nd instar) CL larvae. Data were analyzed for treatment differences using ANOVA and an F protected LSD.
Onion Maggot Control, Oswego, 1995
Authors: Webb D. R. , Hessney M. L. , Eckenrode C. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Seeds were planted 25 Apr in muck soil near Oswego, New York, on Ferlito Farms. Plots were single rows, 30 ft long replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Germination and damage counts were recorded from the center 20 ft of each row. All seeds were planted using a hand-pushed cone seeder at the rate of 9 seeds/ft. The Trigard film-coated seed treatment was applied before planting by A. G. Taylor’s Horticultural Science Seed Treatment Laboratory at Geneva, NY by film-coating an aqueous suspension of 3 parts by weight of Opadrj AG, to 10 parts by weight of the seed protectors. The seed treatment also included Progro at the rate of 25 g of formulation/kg of raw seed to minimize incidence of onion smut (Urocystis cepulae). Other insecticide treatments were applied as in-furrow drenches in 75 gal water/acre at planting, or aftei seedling emergence as over-furrow sprays in 500 gal water/acre. Furrow treatments for smut included Dithane F-45 at planting using 2.4 qts formulation acre based on a 15-inch row width. Over furrow sprays were applied 24 May. Cumulative damage readings were made once or twice weekly between 24 May and 17 Jul.
Foliar Sprays to Control Insects in Fall Peppers, 1995
Authors: Speese John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Peppers were transplanted on 31 Jul at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of two 25ft long rows with 3ft between row spacing and 1ft between plant spacing. Each plot was bordered on each side by an untreated guard row and replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Treatments were applied on the dates indicated in the table with a backpack sprayer using 3 hollow cone nozzles/row and delivering 60 gal water/acre at 40 psi. Evaluation criteria consisted of hand-harvest of marketable fruit on 10 healthy, uniform-sized plants/row (.00062 acre) and GPA counts on 5 randomly picked leaves/plot on 06 Oct. Harvesting was done in this manner due to uneven stands in some plots due to the drought.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control on Potatoes With in-Furrow Treatments 1995
Authors: Linduska James J. , Ross Marylee , Mulford Karen , Baumann Donna 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Red Norland’ potatoes were planted in 20 foot rows on 29 Mar, ’95. Plots consisted of single treatment rows. The distance between rows was 64 inches and the distance between plants within the row was 10 inches. Plots were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. Initial furrow treatments were mixed in 10 gallons of water and applied with an Ag Tech airblast sprayer. Twelve row blocks were applied to the seed at the rate of 20 gal/acre with a small watering can. In evaluating the treatments, direct counts of the number of Colorado potato beetle adults, larvae and egg masses/ 10 plants and % defoliation were recorded. Defoliation categories were assigned using a pretransformed defoliation rating scale, based on dividing 90° into 13 steps corresponding to arcsin transformation values (Little & Hills 1978). Yields were taken on 26 Jun from 20 feet of row.
Use of Fipronil (Regent) and Imidacloprid (Admire 2F) at Planting to Control Insects in Potatoes, 1995
Authors: Speese John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Potatoes were planted on 27 March at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of 4 rows 25ft long, planted on a 3ft row spacing. Plots were separated from each other by 6ft of bare ground, and each treatment was replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Treatments were applied in furrow prior to planting using a hand-held shaker for the Regent 1.5G formulation and a single nozzle boom backpack sprayer for the other formulations. All CPB life stages on 10 randomly chosen stems/plot were counted weekly. Dates for which there were either significant differences or noticeable trends are recorded in the tables. Numbers of PLH nymphs on 10 randomly picked compound leaves/plot were sampled. Percent defoliation/plot was estimated on the indicated dates in the tables. On 12 July, the center two rows of each plot were harvested and graded to determine yields.
Control of Silverleaf Whitefly on Tomato, 1995
Authors: Marutani Mari , Rivera Ernesto 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two experiments were conducted. In experiment 1 thirty-two 30 day-old tomato seedlings in 1 gallon pots with soil-less potting mix were placed next to field-grown eggplants which were heavily infested with silverleaf whitefly. On 15 March, there were an average of 106 eggs (n=32, Sd=74.9) and 52 larvae+pupae (n=32, Sd=41.0) per 1 cm2 underside leaf area. After whitefly counts were determined, individual treatments were applied to groups of four plants. Each treatment consisted of two groups. All treatments except control included a drop of sticker (Latron B-1956) to ensure uniform chemical coverage on the plants. On 22 March, the number of whiteflies on the underside of leaf surface for each plant was counted and the second chemical treatment was applied. The number of whitefly was also recorded on 25 and 29 March.
Comparison of Biological and Standard Materials to Control Insects in Fall Tomatoes, 1995
Authors: Speese John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Tomatoes were transplanted on 27 Jul at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of a single 25ft row with 5ft spacing between rows. An untreated guard row separated each plot. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized, complete block design. Sprays were applied with a backpack sprayer using 3 hollow cone nozzles/row and delivering 45 gal water/acre at 40 psi. Applications were madeweekly from 12 Sep until 18 Oct with a total of 6 applications. Bravo 720 at 1.5pt/acre was added to the treatments and the check on 26 Sep and 2 and 9 Oct to control disease. Evaluation criteria consisted of counts of the number of worm damaged fruit per 25 random fruit/plot, and counts of PA numbers on 5 random compound leaves/plot. Sample dates are indicated in the table. Green fruit was picked on 9 Oct and mature green and ripe fruit was picked on 24 Oct.
Comparison of Pymetrozine (Cga 215944) and Labeled Materials for Control of Potato Aphid on Fall Tomatoes, 1995
Authors: Speese John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Tomatoes were transplanted on 27 Jul at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of a single 25ft row planted on 5ft row spacing. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design. An untreated guard row separated each plot. Treatments were applied with a backpack sprayer delivering 45 gal water/acre at 40 psi, using 3 hollow cone nozzles/row. Treatments were applied on 9 Oct after potato aphid populations had built up. On 16 and 24 Oct, 5 compound leaves were randomly picked from each plot and the numbers of potato aphids counted.
Control of Insect Pests on Spring Canola, 1995
Authors: Bragg D. E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Plots were seeded 19 May with a small plot drill (seeding rate 6 lb/acre) on the Dye Ranch, Pomeroy, WA. Four insecticides were applied 26 Jun at full bloom using a CO2 back pack sprayer calibrated to deliver 20 gpa at 20 psi. All insecticides were buffered to pH 5.0 except for a methyl parathion standard which was left unbuffered to reflect the industry practice. Plots were 20 X 30 ft, replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Treatments were evaluated at 0 (PrCt), 2, 5, 7, and 10 DAT using 2 beats into a white plastic 14 inch diam bucket per replicate, except for cabbage aphid and aphid parasitoids which were visually counted as colonies of aphid per square m2, mean aphids per colony, and parasitoids per aphid colony. CSPW exit holes per 100 pods per replicate and yield data were taken on 2 Aug. Harvest data were collected from m2 samples of canola at the % brown seed pod stage which were dried and processed through a stationary threshing machine. Treatments were made 1 h before sunset at 5 mph wind and 75°F. Total precipitation during the chemical evaluation period was 2.5 inches.
Flea Beetle Control in Lower Rainfall Se Washington, 1995
Authors: Bragg D. E. , Mayer D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Plots were planted 9 June at the USDA-ARS Western Plant Introduction Center at Central Ferry, WA at a rate of 6 lb/acre in rows 7 inches apart. Plots were 15 x 3 ft replicated in a RCBD 4 times, and were situated with replicates perpendicular to a crested wheat grass field. Precounts (PrCt) of plant stand per 6.6 ft row, and damage on 20 randomly selected plants on a scale of 0 to 6, with 0 = no damage and 6 = total destruction, were made 21 Jun. A treatment consisting of Furadan CR-10 granules at a rate of 2.5 lb product per acre was applied at seeding. Four other insecticide treatments were made with a CO2 backpack sprayer at 20 gpa and 20 psi on 22 Jun. An untreated check was established. Conditions at treatment were 70°F with a 2 mph wind at 11 a.m. All plants were in the cotyledon stage with meristem visible. Evaluations of stand reduction and plant damage were made on 2, 5, 7, and 10 DAT. All surviving plants were in the rosette stage (5 to 7 leaf) at 10 DAT.
Northern and Western Corn Rootworm Adult Emergence and Root Injury Ratings Associated with Labeled and Reduced Soil Insecticide Application Rates in Aurora, Sd, 1994
Authors: Boetel M. A. , Fuller B. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A dryland continuous corn site in east central SD was selected to measure northern and western corn rootworm adult beetle emergence from corn plots treated with planting-time soil insecticides. In addition to beetle emergence, treatment efficacy in preventing larval root feeding injury was also evaluated. Treatments included labeled and reduced application rates of 3 compounds arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Individual treatment plots consisted of single 15.2-m long rows spaced 96.5 cm apart. All insecticide treatments were applied in-furrow at planting time by directing granules between double-disk openers and into the open seed furrow. Delivery of granules was regulated using Noble metering units mounted on a specially adapted Kinze 4-row corn planter. All units were calibrated on the planter before insecticide applications. Plant injury evaluations consisted of extricating 5 roots per plot examining them for feeding injury, and rating them in accordance with the Iowa State 1 to 6 scale. Prior to rootworm beetle emergence, two 0.6 m wide by 1.0 m long by 15.2 cm high cages were placed (equidistant from each other and the end of the plot) over each treatment row. The exterior rectangular frame base of each cage was constructed of 26-gauge galvanized steel and the top was made of aluminum screening material (45-mesh per cm2). Screens were supported by galvanized steel strips that terminated at a central point (approximately 20.3 cm) above the frame to form a screened pyramid. All interior screen margins and seams were sealed with silicone rubber caulking material. The pyramidal shape of cage tops was designed to exploit the natural negatively geotactic response (crawling upward) of newly emerged beetles. A plastic cylindrical capture device was positioned at the apex of each screened pyramid to catch beetles as they crawled upward on the screened cage top, and an inverted aluminum screen cone was fastened to the bottom side of each capture device to prevent beetles from returning into the cage. Cages were monitored at 2-d intervals for the entire beetle emergence period. Monitoring consisted of collecting all beetles for the respective treatments from each replicate, and returning them to the laboratory for processing. Laboratory processing consisted of identification of emerged adults by sex and species respective to treatments. All data (root injury ratings and adult emergence) were analyzed with SAS’s General Linear Models procedure and means were compared using DMRT.
Evaluation of Microbial and Conventional Insecticides for Control of Larval European Corn Borer on Whorl Stage Corn, Clay Center, Ne, 1995
Authors: DeVries Terry A. , Wright Robert J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis formulations and conventional insecticides were evaluated for efficacy against larval ECB in whorl stage field corn. All plots were planted without soil insecticide on 16 May. The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replicates. Each plot consisted of a single row, 40 ft long with a 30-inch row spacing. Plots were artificially infested with black-head stage ECB egg masses. The egg masses were deposited on wax paper discs, precounted in the laboratory and placed in the whorl of the infested plants on 30 Jun and 9 Jul. Crop growth stage was 37 and 57 inches extended leaf height, respectively. The same 5 plants in each treatment replicate were infested with 10 egg masses per infestation date. All granular insecticides were applied on 13 Jul. Environmental conditions were: air temperature, 81°F; wind direction and speed, west (250°) at 7 mph; relative humidity, 53%; and crop growth stage, 63 inches extended leaf height. A 10-inch Almaco smooth belt cone rear mounted on a Hahn Hi-Boy was used to apply preweighed amounts of the granular insecticides over the top of the plant whorls (G). Liquid insecticides were applied on 15 Jul. Environmental conditions were: air temperature, 74°F; wind direction and speed, east (80°) at 5 mph; relative humidity, 76%; and crop growth stage, 67 inches extended leaf height. A CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer at 30 psi was used to apply a band application over the top of the whorl (total spray volume = 1050 ml/plot) of premeasured amounts of the liquid insecticides (L). All infested plants were evaluated for ECB larval feeding damage on 14-15 Aug. The stalks of the infested plants were split lengthwise and the accumulated length and number of cavities in the 5 plants per treatment replicate were used to evaluate ECB larval damage. The percent infestation at evaluation was determined by the plants with a minimum of 1 cavity per treatment replicate. Data were analyzed by ANOVA for RCB with mean separation using DMRT.