bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Osteoarthritis on Difficulty Walking: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: King Lauren K. , Kendzerska Tetyana , Waugh Esther J. , Hawker Gillian A. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveTo assess the relationship of hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA) to walking difficulty.MethodsA population cohort ages ≤55 years recruited from 1996 to 1998 (n = 28,451) completed a standardized questionnaire assessing demographics, health conditions, joint symptoms, and functional limitations, including difficulty walking in the past 3 months. Survey data were linked to health administrative databases; self‐report and administrative data were used to identify health conditions. Hip/knee OA was defined as self‐reported swelling, pain, or stiffness in a hip or knee lasting ≥6 weeks in the past 3 months without an inflammatory arthritis diagnosis. Using multivariable logistic regression, we examined the determinants of walking difficulty and constructed a clinical nomogram.ResultsA total of 18,490 cohort participants were eligible (mean age 68 years, 60% women), and 25% reported difficulty walking. Difficulty walking was significantly and independently associated with older age, female sex, body mass index, and several health conditions. Of the conditions examined, the likelihood of walking difficulty was greatest with hip and knee OA and increased with the number of hip/knee joints affected. The predicted probability of difficulty walking for a 60‐year‐old middle‐income, normal‐weight woman was 5–10% with no health conditions, 10–20% with diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular (CV) disease, 40% with OA in 2 hips/knees, 60–70% with diabetes mellitus, CV disease, and OA in 2 hips/knees, and 80% with diabetes mellitus, CV disease, and OA in all hips/knees.ConclusionIn a population cohort, symptomatic hip/knee OA was the strongest contributor to walking difficulty. Given the importance of walking to engagement in physical activity for chronic disease management, greater attention to OA is warranted.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Dihydropyrano‐ indole Derivatives Bearing Trifluoromethylated All‐Carbon‐ Substituted Stereocenters
Authors: Lou Qinxin , Ding Yuyang , Xu Dengfeng , Liu Guokai , Zhao Junling 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMalononitrile and isatin‐derived trifluoromethylacrylates underwent a Michael addition/cyclization reaction, a process that was catalyzed efficiently by a bifunctional squaramide to afford a range of dihydropyranoindole derivatives bearing trifluoromethylated all‐carbon‐substituted stereocenters in high yields (up to 99%) with excellent enantioselectivity (up to 98% ee). This transformation was also examined with ethyl cyanoacetate as a nucleophile using a bifunctional thiourea as catalyst affording moderate yields (up to 79%) and high enantioselectivity (up to 98% ee). One of the products has been used for the synthesis of a biologically interesting triazolopyrimidine derivative.magnified image
Outcomes of patients with relapsed/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma progressing after autologous stem cell transplant in the current era of novel therapeutics: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Bair Steven M. , Strelec Lauren , Nagle Sarah J. , Nasta Sunita D. , Landsburg Daniel J. , Mato Anthony R. , Loren Alison W. , Schuster Stephen J. , Stadtmauer Edward A. , Svoboda Jakub 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPatients with relapsed/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma (RR‐HL) who progress or relapse following autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) have historically had a poor prognosis. Several novel agents, particularly brentuximab vedotin, have shown efficacy in this setting. However, there remains a paucity of data characterizing outcomes outside of clinical trials and how these novel agents have impacted prognosis in general population of patients with RR‐HL. Here, we conducted a retrospective analysis to evaluate outcomes in 87 patients with RR‐HL with relapse post‐ASCT. Treatment with novel agents (including brentuximab vedotin) was associated with significant improvement in median overall survival (OS) compared to patients who did not receive novel agents (85.6 vs 17.1 months;P < .001). Additional factors associated with improved OS in univariate analysis include treatment with radiation therapy post‐ASCT (34.1 vs 17.0 months;P = .015), chemosensitivity (i.e., relapsed compared to primary refractory disease; 51.8 vs 25.6 months; p = 0.013), initial response to ASCT (i.e., CR/PR compared to SD/PD; 46.1 vs 20.4 months;P = .011), and transplantation in 2010 and later compared to prior to 2010 (not reached vs 24.5 months;P = .025). The current study demonstrates markedly improved OS in RR‐HL patients treated with novel therapeutics and lends “real world” credence to the role of these agents in improving outcomes in the current era.
Historical review of efforts to reduce noise‐induced hearing loss in the United States
Authors: Kerr Madeleine J. , Neitzel Richard L. , Hong OiSaeng , Sataloff Robert T. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundNoise‐induced hearing loss is a centuries‐old problem that is still prevalent in the United States and worldwide.AimTo describe highlights in the development of hearing loss prevention in the U.S. from World War II to the present.MethodsLiterature review.ResultsApproaches to occupational noise‐induced hearing loss prevention in the United States over the past seven decades are described using a hierarchy of controls framework and an interdisciplinary perspective. Historical timelines and developmental milestones related to occupational noise‐induced hearing loss prevention are summarized as a life course.DiscussionLessons are drawn for other countries in their hearing conservation efforts.ConclusionFuture developments building on the hearing loss prevention work of the past 70 years can prevent the problem of occupational NIHL in the 21st century. Am. J. Ind. Med. 60:569–577, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Does dust‐associated pulmonary alveolar proteinosis represent an autoimmune disorder?
Authors: Uzmezoglu Bilge , Simsek Cebrail , Gulgosteren Sevtap , Gebesoglu Berna E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe role of autoantibodies against granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) in the development of secondary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) in patients exposed to occupational and environmental dust remains unclear. Herein, we describe two cases of secondary PAP who had GM‐CSF antibodies and absence of STAT5 phosphorylation index, suggestive of a potential relationship between the appearance of GM‐CSF antibodies and environmental dust exposure. However, whether the presence of GM‐CSF antibodies is a part of the pathological process or represents an epiphenomenon is currently unknown. In this report, we would like to present two cases supporting these new data and briefly discuss the possible role of autoimmune mechanisms in the development of secondary PAP. Am. J. Ind. Med. 60:591–597, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Silicosis prevalence and risk factors in semi‐precious stone mining in Brazil
Authors: Souza Tamires P. , Watte Guilherme , Gusso Alaíde M. , Souza Rafaela , Moreira José da S. , Knorst Marli M. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundUnderground mining generates large amounts of dust and exposes workers to silica. This study aims to determine the prevalence and predictor factors for the development of silicosis among semi‐precious‐stone mineworkers in southern Brazil working in a self‐administered cooperative.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study of 348 current workers and retirees, demographic data, medical, and occupational history were collected through an interview performed by a nurse and medical record review. Risk factor associations were studied by Poisson multivariate regression.ResultsThe overall prevalence of silicosis was 37%, while in current miners it was 28%. Several risk factors for silicosis were identified in the univariate analysis. Inadequate ventilation in the underground galleries combined with dry drilling, duration of silica exposure, and (inversely) education remained significant in the multivariate analysis (P < 0.05).ConclusionThis study is unusual in studying semi‐precious stone mineworkers in a self‐administered worker cooperative with limited resources. The prevalence of silicosis was very high. A number of recommendations are made—including technical support for worker cooperatives, surveillance of silica exposure and silicosis, exposure reduction measures, and benefits allowing impaired miners to leave the industry.
Cycloaromatization of Enediyne Compounds under the Action of Bromide Ions: Diradical/Zwitterionic/Anionic Pathways
Authors: Chen Shudan , Huang Shuai , Wang Chonggang , Ding Yun , Hu Aiguo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCycloaromatization reactions of enediynes are renowned for their widespread applications and interesting reactivity characteristics. In the presence of a lithium halide and a weak acid, the cycloaromatization of cyclodeca‐1,5‐diyn‐3‐ene can be redirected away from the usual formation of a phenyl diradical towards a zwitterionic pathway. We extended this zwitterionic reaction system to other enediyne compounds and found that it offered good applicability to all‐carbon systems. However, in the case of maleimide‐based enediynes, only diradical (phenyl‐substituted) or anionic (butyl‐substituted) cyclization pathways were observed. Notably, the nucleophilic cyclization of maleimide‐based enediynes that was initiated by bromide ions exhibited a previously unreported C2−C7 cyclization pattern.
Bioinspired Total Synthesis of Homodimericin A
Authors: Huang Jun , Gu Yueqing , Guo Kai , Zhu Lei , Lan Yu , Gong Jianxian , Yang Zhen 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHomodimericin A is a remarkable fungal metabolite. This highly oxygenated racemic unsaturated polyketide poses a significant synthetic challenge owing to its sterically demanding central cagelike core containing eight contiguous stereogenic centers (including three quaternary stereocenters) and several carbonyl functionalities. On the basis of its proposed biogenetic synthesis, we designed a total synthesis of homodimericin A that proceeds in seven steps and features a double Michael reaction, an intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction, and an ene reaction.
Fragment Screening against the EthR–DNA Interaction by Native Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Chan Daniel Shiu‐Hin , Mendes Vitor , Thomas Sherine E. , McConnell Brendan N. , Matak‐Vinković Dijana , Coyne Anthony G. , Blundell Tom L. , Abell Chris 
Published: May 2017

AbstractNative nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry is an underutilized technique for fragment screening. In this study, the first demonstration is provided of the use of native mass spectrometry for screening fragments against a protein–DNA interaction. EthR is a transcriptional repressor of EthA expression in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) that reduces the efficacy of ethionamide, a second‐line antitubercular drug used to combat multidrug‐resistant Mtb strains. A small‐scale fragment screening campaign was conducted against the EthR–DNA interaction using native mass spectrometry, and the results were compared with those from differential scanning fluorimetry, a commonly used primary screening technique. Hits were validated by surface plasmon resonance and X‐ray crystallography. The screening campaign identified two new fragments that disrupt the EthR–DNA interaction in vitro (IC50=460–610 μm) and bind to the hydrophobic channel of the EthR dimer.
Fingerabdrücke für Glykane durch Spektroskopie kalter Ionen
Authors: Mucha Eike , González Flórez Ana Isabel , Marianski Mateusz , Thomas Daniel A. , Hoffmann Waldemar , Struwe Weston B. , Hahm Heung S. , Gewinner Sandy , Schöllkopf Wieland , Seeberger Peter H. , von Helden Gert , Pagel Kevin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDie Vielfalt der in Glykanen und ihren Konjugaten vorhandenen stereochemischen Isomere stellt eine Herausforderung für ihre Strukturanalyse dar. Üblicherweise wird Massenspektrometrie (MS) in Kombination mit Flüssigchromatographie oder Ionenmobilitätstrennung verwendet. Allerdings machen strukturell ähnliche Isomere, die häufig koexistieren, eine eindeutige Identifizierung unmöglich. Andere Methoden wie Gasphasen‐Infrarot‐Spektroskopie waren bisweilen auf kleinere Glykane beschränkt, da die räumliche Flexibilität und die thermische Aktivierung während der Messung eine mangelnde spektrale Auflösung verursachen. Dieses Defizit kann durch Kaltionen‐Spektroskopie überwunden werden. Die spektralen Fingerabdrücke kalter Oligosaccharid‐Ionen weisen eine beträchtliche Anzahl hochaufgelöster Absorptionsbanden auf, die selbst minimale Strukturvariationen anzeigen. Kaltionen‐Spektroskopie könnte sich in Verbindung mit sequenzieller MS als Schlüsseltechnologie zur Strukturbestimmung komplexer Glykome erweisen.
Carbon‐Doped BN Nanosheets for the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethylbenzene
Authors: Guo Fangsong , Yang Pengju , Pan Zhiming , Cao Xu‐Ning , Xie Zailai , Wang Xinchen 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCarbon‐based catalysts have demonstrated great potential for the aerobic oxidative dehydrogenation reaction (ODH). However, its widespread application is retarded by the unavoidable deactivation owing to the appearance of coking or combustion under ODH conditions. The synthesis and characterization of porous structure of BCN nanosheets as well as their application as a novel catalyst for ODH is reported. Such BCN nanosheets consist of hybridized, randomly distributed domains of h‐BN and C phases, where C, B, and N were confirmed to covalent bond in the graphene‐like layers. Our studies reveal that BCN exhibits both high activity and selectivity in oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene, as well as excellent oxidation resistance. The discovery of such a simple chemical process to synthesize highly active BCN allows the possibility of carbocatalysis to be explored.
Der schmale Pfad tief in die Vergangenheit: auf der Suche nach der Chemie der Anfänge des Lebens
Authors: Szostak Jack W. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDie Abfolge der Ereignisse, durch die das erste Leben auf unserem Planeten entstand, vollzog sich in der tiefen Vergangenheit der Erde – für uns scheinbar gänzlich unerreichbar. Vielleicht ist gerade aus diesem Grund das Rekonstruieren unserer Urgeschichte eine verlockende, fast unwiderstehliche Vorstellung. Nachzuvollziehen, welche Vorgänge zur Synthese der chemischen Bausteine in der Biologie führten und wie sich diese Moleküle zu Zellen anordneten, die, durch eine reichhaltige und komplexe Umgebung gefördert, wachsen, sich teilen und entwickeln konnten, scheint derzeit mit unüberwindlichen Schwierigkeiten konfrontiert zu sein. Dennoch haben – zu meiner eigenen Überraschung – einfache Versuche stabile Prozesse offenbart, die das Wachstum und die Teilung primitiver Zellmembranen gesteuert haben könnten. Die nichtenzymatische Replikation von RNA ist komplizierter und weniger gut verstanden, aber auch hier haben überraschende Entwicklungen zu wichtigen Fortschritten geführt. Auch unsere Bemühungen, replizierende Kompartimente und genetisches Material zum vollständigen Modell einer Protozelle zu vereinen, sind auf unerwartete Weise vorangekommen. Glücklicherweise bleiben noch viele Herausforderungen, bevor wir uns einem umfassenden Verständnis der Anfänge des Lebens nähern, sodass die Zukunft dieses Forschungsgebiets aussichtsreicher ist als je zuvor!
Photoredox‐Controlled Mono‐ and Di‐Multifluoroarylation of C(sp3)−H Bonds with Aryl Fluorides
Authors: Xie Jin , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank , Hashmi A. Stephen K. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA controllable mono‐ and di‐multifluoroarylation of acyclic and cyclic N‐aryl amines with aryl fluorides by photocatalyzed dual C(sp3)−H/C(sp2)−F functionalization has been developed, providing new access to a wide array of valuable α‐fluoroarylated amines. In addition, the one‐pot consecutive hetero‐di‐multifluoroarylation of N‐aryl pyrrolidines and N,N‐dimethylanilines was achieved with high to excellent diastereoselectivity. This new defluorinative C(sp3)−C(sp2) coupling is distinguished by a broad scope, good regioselectivity, and mild conditions as well as gram‐scale and late‐stage applicability, and thus constitutes a significant advance in the arylation of unactivated C(sp3)−H bonds with aryl fluorides.
Glycan Fingerprinting via Cold‐Ion Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Mucha Eike , González Flórez Ana Isabel , Marianski Mateusz , Thomas Daniel A. , Hoffmann Waldemar , Struwe Weston B. , Hahm Heung S. , Gewinner Sandy , Schöllkopf Wieland , Seeberger Peter H. , von Helden Gert , Pagel Kevin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe diversity of stereochemical isomers present in glycans and glycoconjugates poses a formidable challenge for comprehensive structural analysis. Typically, sophisticated mass spectrometry (MS)‐based techniques are used in combination with chromatography or ion‐mobility separation. However, coexisting structurally similar isomers often render an unambiguous identification impossible. Other powerful techniques such as gas‐phase infrared (IR) spectroscopy have been limited to smaller glycans, since conformational flexibility and thermal activation during the measurement result in poor spectral resolution. This limitation can be overcome by using cold‐ion spectroscopy. The vibrational fingerprints of cold oligosaccharide ions exhibit a wealth of well‐resolved absorption features that are diagnostic for minute structural variations. The unprecedented resolution of cold‐ion spectroscopy coupled with tandem MS may render this the key technology to unravel complex glycomes.
Δ‐Myrtoxin‐Mp1a is a Helical Heterodimer from the Venom of the Jack Jumper Ant that has Antimicrobial, Membrane‐Disrupting, and Nociceptive Activities
Authors: Dekan Zoltan , Headey Stephen J. , Scanlon Martin , Baldo Brian A. , Lee Tzong‐Hsien , Aguilar Marie‐Isabel , Deuis Jennifer R. , Vetter Irina , Elliott Alysha G. , Amado Maite , Cooper Matthew A. , Alewood Dianne , Alewood Paul F. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractΔ‐Myrtoxin‐Mp1a (Mp1a), a 49‐residue heterodimeric peptide from the venom of Myrmecia pilosula, comprises a 26‐mer A chain and a 23‐mer B chain connected by two disulfide bonds in an antiparallel arrangement. Combination of the individual synthetic chains through aerial oxidation remarkably resulted in the self‐assembly of Mp1a as a homogenous product without the need for directed disulfide‐bond formation. NMR analysis revealed a well‐defined, unique structure containing an antiparallel α‐helix pair. Dual polarization interferometry (DPI) analysis showed strong interaction with supported lipid bilayers and insertion within the bilayers. Mp1a caused non‐specific Ca2+ influx in SH‐SY5Y cells with a half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 4.3 μm. Mp1a also displayed broad‐spectrum antimicrobial activity, with the highest potency against Gram‐negative Acinetobacter baumannii (MIC 25 nm). Intraplantar injection (10 μm) in mice elicited spontaneous pain and mechanical allodynia. Single‐ and two‐chain mimetics of Mp1a revealed functional selectivity.
Overcoming the Instability of Nanoparticle‐Based Catalyst Films in Alkaline Electrolyzers by using Self‐Assembling and Self‐Healing Films
Authors: Barwe Stefan , Masa Justus , Andronescu Corina , Mei Bastian , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Ventosa Edgar 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEngineering stable electrodes using highly active catalyst nanopowders for electrochemical water splitting remains a challenge. We report an innovative and general approach for attaining highly stable catalyst films with self‐healing capability based on the in situ self‐assembly of catalyst particles during electrolysis. The catalyst particles are added to the electrolyte forming a suspension that is pumped through the electrolyzer. Particles with negatively charged surfaces stick onto the anode, while particles with positively charged surfaces stick to the cathode. The self‐assembled catalyst films have self‐healing properties as long as sufficient catalyst particles are present in the electrolyte. The proof‐of‐concept was demonstrated in a non‐zero gap alkaline electrolyzer using NiFe‐LDH and NixB catalyst nanopowders for anode and cathode, respectively. Steady cell voltages were maintained for at least three weeks during continuous electrolysis at 50–100 mA cm−2.
The Narrow Road to the Deep Past: In Search of the Chemistry of the Origin of Life
Authors: Szostak Jack W. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe sequence of events that gave rise to the first life on our planet took place in the Earth's deep past, seemingly forever beyond our reach. Perhaps for that very reason the idea of reconstructing our ancient story is tantalizing, almost irresistible. Understanding the processes that led to synthesis of the chemical building blocks of biology and the ways in which these molecules self‐assembled into cells that could grow, divide and evolve, nurtured by a rich and complex environment, seems at times insurmountably difficult. And yet, to my own surprise, simple experiments have revealed robust processes that could have driven the growth and division of primitive cell membranes. The nonenzymatic replication of RNA is more complicated and less well understood, but here too significant progress has come from surprising developments. Even our efforts to combine replicating compartments and genetic materials into a full protocell model have moved forward in unexpected ways. Fortunately, many challenges remain before we will be close to a full understanding of the origin of life, so the future of research in this field is brighter than ever!
Effect of gypsum crystallization characteristics on fine particle emission after desulfurization
Authors: Pan Danping , Wu Hao , Yang Linjun 
Published: May 2017

AbstractFor the control of fine particle emission after desulfurization, the effect of gypsum crystallization characteristics during limestone‐gypsum wet flue gas desulfurization process was investigated. The results showed that crystals produced during the desulfurization process were mostly CaSO4 · 2H2O with uniform prismatic shape. An optimal temperature, lower pH value and the adoption of forced oxidation were beneficial to restrain the generation of fine crystals in the desulfurization slurry. Meanwhile, the optimization of the desulfurization environment was essential for the improvement of the gypsum crystal qualities. Furthermore, the fine particle concentrations after desulfurization were related to the gypsum crystallization characteristics in the slurry, which were decreased by 20%–30% with optimized slurry as the generation of fine crystals in the desulfurization slurry was inhibited. Hence, the optimization of gypsum crystallization characteristics in the slurry was a feasible method to reduce the fine particle emissions after desulfurization. © 2017 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐density green polyethylene biocomposite reinforced with cellulose fibers and using lignin as antioxidant
Authors: Guilhen Augusto , Gadioli Renan , Fernandes Felipe C. , Waldman Walter R. , Aurelio De Paoli Marco 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTAiming to manufacture biomaterials using renewable resources, we prepared, using a corotating and intermeshing twin‐screw extruder, high‐density green polyethylene composites reinforced with 20, 30, and 40 wt % of bleached cellulose fibers. Injection molded test samples are characterized for mechanical and thermal properties using thermogravimetry (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). These composites present improved mechanical properties relative to the pure matrix; the elastic modulus increases by 240% for the composite with 30 wt % of fiber. We characterize this composite, additionally formulated with lignin and a secondary antioxidant, by tensile and flexural mechanical properties, DSC, TGA, and oxidation induction time (OIT). Lignin has no effect on the mechanical properties; however, for the composite, the OIT increases from 24 to 77 min, clearly evidencing its effect as a stabilizer. Aging the composites for 1000 h, in a QUV chamber, confirms the stabilizing effect of lignin. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45219.