bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prompt Neutrino Emission of Gamma-ray Bursts in the Dissipative Photospheric Scenario Revisited: Possible Contributions from Cocoons
Authors: Xiao Di , Dai Zi-Gao , Mészáros Peter 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
High-energy neutrinos are expected to originate from different stages in a gamma-ray burst (GRB) event. In this work, we revisit the dissipative photospheric scenario, in which the GRB prompt emission is produced around the photospheric radius. Meanwhile, possible dissipation mechanisms (e.g., internal shocks or magnetic reconnection) could accelerate cosmic-rays (CRs) to ultra-high energies and then produce neutrinos via hadronuclear and photohadronic processes, which are referred to as prompt neutrinos. In this paper, we obtain the prompt neutrino spectrum of a single GRB within a self-consistent analytical framework, in which the jet-cocoon structure and possible collimation effects are included. We investigate a possible neutrino signal from the cocoon, which has been ignored in the previous studies. We show that if a GRB event happens at a distance of the order of Mpc, there is a great chance to observe the neutrino emission from the cocoon by IceCube, which is even more promising than jet neutrinos, as the opening angle of the cocoon is much larger. We also determine the diffuse neutrino flux of GRB cocoons and find that it could be comparable with that of the jets. Our results are consistent with the latest result reported by the IceCube collaboration that no significant correlation between neutrino events and observed GRBs is seen in the new data.
Wavelet-based Characterization of Small-scale Solar Emission Features at Low Radio Frequencies
Authors: Suresh A. , Sharma R. , Oberoi D. , Das S. B. , Pankratius V. , Timar B. , Lonsdale C. J. , Bowman J. D. , Briggs F. , Cappallo R. J. , Corey B. E. , Deshpande A. A. , Emrich D. , Goeke R. , Greenhill L. J. , Hazelton B. J. , Johnston-Hollitt M. , Kaplan D. L. , Kasper J. C. , Kratzenberg E. , Lynch M. J. , McWhirter S. R. , Mitchell D. A. , Morales M. F. , Morgan E. , Ord S. M. , Prabu T. , Rogers A. E. E. , Roshi A. , Shankar N. Udaya , Srivani K. S. , Subrahmanyan R. , Tingay S. J. , Waterson M. , Wayth R. B. , Webster R. L. , Whitney A. R. , Williams A. , Williams C. L. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Low radio frequency solar observations using the Murchison Widefield Array have recently revealed the presence of numerous weak short-lived narrowband emission features, even during moderately quiet solar conditions. These nonthermal features occur at rates of many thousands per hour in the 30.72 MHz observing bandwidth, and hence necessarily require an automated approach for their detection and characterization. Here, we employ continuous wavelet transform using a mother Ricker wavelet for feature detection from the dynamic spectrum. We establish the efficacy of this approach and present the first statistically robust characterization of the properties of these features. In particular, we examine distributions of their peak flux densities, spectral spans, temporal spans, and peak frequencies. We can reliably detect features weaker than 1 SFU, making them, to the best of our knowledge, the weakest bursts reported in literature. The distribution of their peak flux densities follows a power law with an index of −2.23 in the 12–155 SFU range, implying that they can provide an energetically significant contribution to coronal and chromospheric heating. These features typically last for 1–2 s and possess bandwidths of about 4–5 MHz. Their occurrence rate remains fairly flat in the 140–210 MHz frequency range. At the time resolution of the data, they appear as stationary bursts, exhibiting no perceptible frequency drift. These features also appear to ride on a broadband background continuum, hinting at the likelihood of them being weak type-I bursts.
Le modèle helvétique de diplomatie culturelle, un Sonderfall ?
Authors: Milani Pauline 
Published: June 2017

Le développement de la diplomatie culturelle suisse suit une chronologie calquée sur celle de la Défense nationale spirituelle, qui imprègne le monde politique et culturel helvétique entre 1938 et 1969. Grâce à la convergence des acteurs privés et publics issus des milieux culturels, économiques, touristiques et diplomatiques, la Confédération helvétique se dote progressivement de toutes les composantes de ce qu’on peut aujourd’hui qualifier de diplomatie publique. Dans ce processus, l’État fédéral reste en retrait, et joue plus un rôle de coordination que de direction. La référence aux modèles étrangers est fréquente, même s’il s’agit moins de s’en inspirer que de susciter un esprit de concurrence pour renforcer les moyens dévolus à la diplomatie culturelle.
Hervormde spore op die Tukkie kampus – ’n Kroniek van die tweede 50 jaar
Authors: Ungerer André G. 
Published: June 2017

This article is about the 2nd half (50 years) of the centenary of the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika (NHKA) at the University of Pretoria (UP). The NHKA was the first church to join the Faculty of Theology at UP in 1917. The previous article ‘Hervormde footprints on the Tukkie campus – a chronicle of the first fifty years’ contains the humble beginnings, the steady growth, the political background during the apartheid years, and the NHKA’s role in justifying apartheid. The 70s and the 80s was a flourishing time for the Church with a steady growth in membership, an increase in the number of lecturers and students, and more or less enough money to sustain theology education at UP. During the nineties there was a decrease in membership numbers with the pivot point in 1992: from thereon there was a steady decline which was accelerated by the church schism in 2011 and onward. The two Sections of the NHKA and the Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk (NGK), Section A and B, became one in 2000. The Reformed Theology College (RTC), with the aim of church specific education for students of the NHKA, was also established in 2000 with prof. T.F.J. Dreyer as the first head. In November 2015 a student protest action #FeesMustFall rocked the foundation of higher education in South Africa. The issue of language and curriculum as aftermath of the protest actions was also at stake during 2016. During 2017 the centennial celebration of the Faculty of Theology at UP will take place. It coincides with REFO 500 – the commemoration of 500 years of the Reformation.
Effects of floral honey and pressed flax seeds on intensity of yogurt aroma, sweetness and sour taste of yogurts during storage
Authors: Remeňová Zuzana , Canigová Margita , Kročko Miroslav , Ducková Viera , Šimková Andrea 
Published: June 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate chosen sensory properties of yogurts without any additions of honey and pressed flax seeds (K) and with the different addition of floral honey (1, 3 and 5%) and with the same addition (0.5%) of pressed flax seeds (PA, PB and PC) during storage. These samples were analysed during 14 days of storage at cooling temperature (6 ±1 °C). Sensory properties - intensity of yogurt aroma, sweetness and sour taste were evaluated. Sensory evaluation was carried out in the 1st, 7th and 14th day following the yogurts production. The control samples had the most significant yogurt aroma this sample had also the highest sour taste and the lowest sweet taste throughout the storage. In all of analysed samples, the sourest taste was observed 14th day of storage. The sweet taste of yogurts with honey addition increased compared to control samples however the sweetest taste of samples with addition of honey was 1st day following the yogurt production. Optimum sweetness was determined with the samples of yogurts containing 5% of floral honey. Floral honey added into the yogurts has positive effect on their sensory properties. The pressed flax seeds have no effect on sensory properties of yogurts. The enrichment of yogurts with honey and pressed flax seeds is high recommended because they have a lot of beneficial nutritional properties and improve the sensory quality of the final product.
“Como possuir uma taboquinha?”: sobre a composição corporal dos pajés djeoromitxi
Authors: Pinto Nicole Soares 
Published: June 2017

Resumo:Esse artigo pretende fornecer elementos etnográficos para o estudo do xamanismo praticado pelos povos de região do médio e baixo Guaporé (Rondônia), distribuídos hoje entre a T.I. Rio Guaporé e a T.I. Rio Branco. Focalizarei a constituição corporal dos especialistas xamânicos, processo no qual destaca-se um elemento proeminiente: uma taboquinha inserida na garganta dos pajés, invisível e muito perigosa para não especialistas. Procurarei explorar a ideia do corpo do pajé como a efetuação da ação dos espíritos que estão alhures, por meio de eventos referentes à sua formação e que podem ser entendidos como de composição e decomposição corporal. Esses eventos tratam da transmissão de conhecimento xamânico, objetificado na introdução e extração de armas, as quais são, num plano invisível para não pajés, pessoas inteiras e diferentes dos pajés. Abstract:This article seeks to provide ethnographic elements for the study of the shamanism practiced by the indigenous people of the middle and low region of Guaporé river (Rondônia), distributed today among the Rio Guaporé Indigenous Land and the Rio Branco Indigenous Land. I will focus on the body constitution of these shamanic specialists, process in which is highlighted a proeminiente element: a type of “wood stick”, inserted into their throat, invisible and very dangerous for non-specialists. I try to explore the idea of the shaman's body as the effectuation of the action of the spirits who are elsewhere, through events related to their training in being a specialists. These events can be understood as a bodily composition and decomposition, because, in describing it, we’re dealing with the transmission of knowledge, objectified in the introduction and extraction of weapons, which are, in an invisible plane to non shamans, whole different people.
Toxicity effect of Auxemma oncocalyx fraction and its active principle oncocalyxone A on in vitro culture of caprine secondary follicles and in vitro oocyte maturation
Authors: Leiva-Revilla Johanna , Cadenas Jesús , Vieira Luis Alberto , Campello Claudio Cabral , Celestino Juliana Jales de Hollanda , Pessoa Otília Deusdênia Loiola , Apgar Gary Allen , Rodrigues Ana Paula Ribeiro , Figueiredo José Ricardo de , Maside Carolina 
Published: June 2017

Crude extract of the heartwood of Auxemma oncocalyx (A. oncocalyx) and its main component i.e., Oncocalyxone A (onco A), have elevated antioxidant and anti-tumoral activity, but studies on the action of these drugs regarding folliculogenesis are lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of A. oncocalyx and onco A on the in vitro culture of isolated secondary follicles and on the in vitro maturation of oocytes from caprine antral follicles grown in vivo. Isolated secondary follicles were randomly distributed in six groups; the non-cultured control was immediately fixed upon isolation. The remaining follicles were cultured for 7 days in ?-MEM+ alone (control) or supplemented with DMSO, doxorrubicin, A. oncocalyx or onco A. After culture, follicles were evaluated for antrum formation, growth rate, apoptosis (TUNEL) and cellular proliferation (PCNA), as well as gene expression of Bcl2 and Bax. Additionally, cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were aspirated and allocated into five treatments for in vitro maturation: control, cultured only in maturation base medium (TCM 199+); or supplemented with DMSO; DXR; A. oncocalyx or onco A. After in vitro maturation, oocyte chromatin configuration and viability were assessed. After 7 days of culture, there was a reduction (P < 0.05) in the percentage of morphologically intact follicles, antrum formation, growth rate and number of PCNA positive granulosa cells in DXR treatment compared to the other treatments. In the DXR treatment a higher percentage (P < 0.05) of TUNEL positive follicles and higher (P < 0.05) relative BAX:BCL2 mRNA ratio’s were observed. After in vitro maturation of the COCs DXR, A. oncocalyx and onco A treatments had a greater (P < 0.05) percentage of abnormal oocytes and a lower (P < 0.05) percentage of viable oocytes as compared with the control group. However, only DXR and onco A treatments increased (P < 0.05) the percentage of alive oocytes with abnormal chromatin configuration. There were no differences in maturation rates between the control group and DXR, A. oncocalyx and onco A treatments. In conclusion, under our culture conditions, A. oncocalyx and onco A do not exhibit a toxic effect on isolated secondary follicles and on maturation rates of COCs recovered from antral follicles, however, these drugs negatively affected the COCs viability. Thus, the use of culture biotechnologies as an in vitro secondary follicle culture and in vitro oocyte maturation toxicity testing are appropriated methods to evaluate the possible effects of drugs in folliculogesis.
An efficient ray tracing method for propagation prediction along a mobile route in urban environments
Authors: Hussain S. , Brennan C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis paper presents an efficient ray tracing algorithm for propagation prediction in urban environments. The work presented in this paper builds upon previous work in which the maximum coverage area where rays can propagate after interaction with a wall or vertical edge is described by a lit polygon. The shadow regions formed by buildings within the lit polygon are described by shadow polygons. In this paper, the lit polygons of images are mapped to a coarse grid superimposed over the coverage area. This mapping reduces the active image tree significantly for a given receiver point to accelerate the ray finding process. The algorithm also presents an efficient method of quickly determining the valid ray segments for a mobile receiver moving along a linear trajectory. The validation results show considerable computation time reduction with good agreement between the simulated and measured data for propagation prediction in large urban environments.
Chemical Defence in Marine Ecosystems (From
APR
Volume 3)
Authors: Proksch Peter 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Marine Natural Products in Allelopathic Interactions

Chemical Defence Against Fouling

Chemical Defences of Marine Invertebrates and Algae Against Consumers

Favoured Allocation of Defensive Metabolites in Vulnerable and Valuable Parts of Marine Invertebrates: Examples in Support of the ‘Apparency Model’ and ‘Optimal Defence Theory’

The Flexible Response: Stress‐Induced Accumulation of Defence Metabolites and Activation of Protoxins

Geographical Patterns of Palatability and Consumer Resistance

Conclusions and Outlook

Acknowledgements
Vacuoles and Plant Defense
Authors: Iglesias Alejandro , Meins Fred 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionPhytoanticipins and PhytoalexinsPathogenesis‐Related (PR) ProteinsPost‐Translational Modification, Intracellular Transport and Vacuolar Targeting ofPRProteinsBiotechnological ApplicationsConcluding Remarks
Gas permeation properties of cellulose acetate/silica nanocomposite membrane
Authors: Najafi Mohaddeseh , Sadeghi Morteza , Bolverdi Ali , Pourafshari Chenar Mahdi , Pakizeh Majid 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this study, the effects of silica nanoparticles on the permeability of pure CO2, O2, and N2 gases in cellulose acetate (CA) membrane have been studied. Silica particles were prepared via the sol–gel method through the hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). CA and CA/silica nanocomposite membranes were prepared by thermal phase inversion method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transfer infrared (FTIR) analyses were employed to characterize the CA and CA/silica nanocomposite membranes. Gas permeation experiments showed an increase in the permeability of CO2 from 6.32 to 7.3 barrer and a reduction in the permeability of N2 from 0.18 to 0.09 barrer with the increment in silica content of the prepared composite membranes up to 20 wt%. Therefore, CO2/N2 selectivity of the nanocomposite membranes increased by increasing the silica content in the polymer matrix from 30 to 80 for 20 wt% load of silica.
A novel Prussian blue‐magnetite composite synthesized by self‐template method and its application in reduction of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Cai Wei , Wu Songhai , Liu Yong , Li Danlin 
Published: June 2017

A novel Prussian blue (PB)‐Fe3O4 composite has been prepared for the first time by self‐template method using PB as the precursor. According to this method, Fe3O4 nanoparticles distributed uniformly on the surface of PB cube. The feed ratio of sodium acetate to PB has been proved to be a key factor for magnetic properties and electro‐catalysis properties of the composite. Under the experimental conditions, the saturation magnetization value (Ms) of PB‐Fe3O4–2 composite was 22 emug−1, while the Ms value of other samples reduced. The composites also showed a good peroxidase‐like activity for the oxidation of substrate 3,3,5,5‐tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in the presence of H2O2. The catalytic reduction of hydrogen peroxide capacity was PB‐Fe3O4–1> PB‐Fe3O4–2> PB‐Fe3O4–3> PB‐Fe3O4–0, which confirmed the Fe(II) centres in PB surface and Fe3O4 nanoparticles had synergistic effect on catalytic reduction of hydrogen peroxide.
Catching invasive Chinese mitten crabs while releasing the endangered European eel and other fish by‐catch: The implications of fyke net design
Authors: Clark Paul F. , Stefanoudis Paris V. , Crimmen Oliver A. , Pearce Dave , Clifton‐Dey Darryl , Morritt David 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Modifications of a traditional fyke net design were trialled in 42 hauls over 5 months at 42 locations in the Thames estuary, London. These trials were to determine whether the modified nets could be used to catch invasive mitten crabs while at the same time releasing endangered eels, back into the river.
The modifications included rings of different diameters fixed into the netting to provide escape apertures and also a variation in mesh size. A standard, unmodified net was included as a control.
Captured mitten crabs, eels and other fish by‐catch were measured and recorded for all deployed nets. Mitten crabs and eels were caught in all nets except those of the largest mesh size (70 mm) which caught no eels. This may have been the combined effect of the mesh size and it being set on the square, versus the normal diagonal netting which may become increasingly constricted in one axis, under tension. Such a square mesh net could be used to trap crabs of carapace width > 65 mm, while releasing all eels.
The smallest rings, 22 mm internal diameter, inserted into the mesh may have allowed the escape of eels < 35 cm length, but retained larger, market legal, individuals. This suggests that a slightly smaller escape ring could potentially be used to release eels of ≤ 30 cm in length, in line with current regulations.
Inga laurina trypsin inhibitor (ILTI) obstructs Spodoptera frugiperda trypsins expressed during adaptive mechanisms against plant protease inhibitors
Authors: Machado Suzy Wider , de Oliveira Caio Fernando Ramalho , Zério Neide Graciano , Parra José Roberto Postali , Macedo Maria Lígia Rodrigues 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPlant protease inhibitors (PIs) are elements of a common plant defense mechanism induced in response to herbivores. The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, a highly polyphagous lepidopteran pest, responds to various PIs in its diet by expressing genes encoding trypsins. This raises the question of whether the PI‐induced trypsins are also inhibited by other PIs, which we posed as the hypothesis that Inga laurina trypsin inhibitor (ILTI) inhibits PI‐induced trypsins in S. frugiperda. In the process of testing our hypothesis, we compared its properties with those of selected PIs, soybean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (SKTI), Inga vera trypsin inhibitor (IVTI), Adenanthera pavonina trypsin inhibitor (ApTI), and Entada acaciifolia trypsin inhibitor (EATI). We report that ILTI is more effective in inhibiting the induced S. frugiperda trypsins than SKTI and the other PIs, which supports our hypothesis. ILTI may be more appropriate than SKTI for studies regarding adaptive mechanisms to dietary PIs.
Cationic Chains of Parent Arsanylboranes and Substituted Phosphanylboranes
Authors: Marquardt Christian , Balázs Gábor , Baumann Josef , Virovets Alexander V. , Scheer Manfred 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe substituted monomeric phosphanylboranes Ph2P−BH2⋅NMe3 (1) and tBuHP−BH2⋅NMe3 (2) have been used for the synthesis of cationic chain compounds built up by R2P−BH2 units. With a simple synthesis route, the highly stable cations [Me3N⋅H2B−PR1R2−BH2⋅NMe3]+ (1 a, 2 a) and [Me3N⋅H2B−PR1R2−BH2−PR1R2−BH2⋅NMe3]+ (1 b, 2 b) (R1=R2=Ph; R1=H, R2=tBu) are obtained as iodide (I−) salts. The reaction of H2As−BH2⋅NMe3 (3) with IBH2⋅SMe2 leads to [Me3N⋅H2B−AsH2−BH2−AsH2−BH2⋅NMe3][I] (3 a), the longest so far known arsanylborane chain. Compound 3 a reacts with acetonitrile through a formal hydroarsination reaction to form [cyclo‐{As(BH2⋅NMe3)(CMe=NH)2(BH2)}][I] (4). The reported synthetic strategy has proved to be a powerful tool for the formation of small, cationic oligomeric units. All products were comprehensively characterized by X‐ray structure analysis, NMR, IR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry in cooperation with DFT calculations.
Linear precoded wavelet OFDM‐based PLC system with overlap FDE for impulse noise mitigation
Authors: Khan Arsla , Shin Soo Young 
Published: June 2017

SummaryIn recent years, power lines have gained significant interest for their use in high‐speed communications because of the already deployed power distribution infrastructure. However, to achieve high data rates with reliability in power line communication (PLC), robust signal processing techniques are required to mitigate channel distortion and noise. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) as a multicarrier modulation technique has been standardized for PLC; however, to further enhance the quality of communication, wavelet OFDM (WOFDM) has been proposed as a suitable choice. In this article, OFDM‐based and WOFDM‐based PLC systems are studied, and overlap frequency domain equalization (OFDE) as a robust and efficient equalization technique is presented. Moreover, to enhance the efficiency of the OFDE, linear precoding (LP) is also suggested for fast Fourier transform and wavelet transform–based filter bank transceivers over the PLC channel. Performance of the proposed LP‐based OFDM‐OFDE and LP‐based WOFDM‐OFDE systems is compared with previously proposed equalization structures in terms of bit error rate, peak‐to‐average power ratio, and computational complexity via computer simulations. Furthermore, the performance of proposed architectures is also compared with classical equalization techniques under impulse noise with different intensities. Results show that not only the proposed LP‐based WOFDM‐OFDE transceiver performs better than the previous equalization models but also the LP‐based OFDM‐OFDE at the expense of slight increment in computational complexity.