bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skin lesion in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Kothari Atul , Shalin Sara C. , Crescencio Juan Carlos Rico , Burgess Mary J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe present the case of a 51‐year‐old man with acute myeloid leukemia who developed fevers with a skin lesion following the first cycle of induction chemotherapy. Skin biopsy showed evidence of invasive fungal infection. Cultures remained negative, but polymerase chain reaction on tissue detected Rhizopus oryzae complex. The patient was started on liposomal amphotericin B and underwent surgical debridement. He was switched to posaconazole, with plans for allogeneic hematopoetic stem cell transplant in the future.
Transmission of chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6 via cord blood transplantation
Authors: Yamada Yuji , Osumi Tomoo , Imadome Ken‐Ichi , Takahashi Etsuko , Ohye Tamae , Yoshikawa Tetsushi , Tomizawa Daisuke , Kato Motohiro , Matsumoto Kimikazu 
Published: November 2016

AbstractChromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6 (ciHHV‐6) can be transmitted via allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. To date, only a few cases have been reported. Here, we report a case identified as transmission of ciHHV‐6 via cord blood transplantation. Distinguishing transmission of ciHHV‐6 from HHV‐6 reactivation in cases with high titer of HHV‐6 DNA load after transplantation is important to prevent unnecessary exposure to antiviral drugs that could be toxic.
Design of an optimal promoter involved in the heat‐induced transcriptional pathway in Arabidopsis, soybean, rice and maize
Authors: Maruyama Kyonoshin , Ogata Takuya , Kanamori Norihito , Yoshiwara Kyouko , Goto Shingo , Yamamoto Yoshiharu Y. , Tokoro Yuko , Noda Chihiro , Takaki Yuta , Urawa Hiroko , Iuchi Satoshi , Urano Kaoru , Yoshida Takuhiro , Sakurai Tetsuya , Kojima Mikiko , Sakakibara Hitoshi , Shinozaki Kazuo , Yamaguchi‐Shinozaki Kazuko 
Published: November 2016

SummaryInteractions between heat shock (HS) factors (HSFs) and heat shock response elements (HSEs) are important during the heat shock response (HSR) of flora and fauna. Moreover, plant HSFs that are involved in heat stress are also involved in abiotic stresses such as dehydration and cold as well as development, cell differentiation and proliferation. Because the specific combination of HSFs and HSEs involved in plants under heat stress remains unclear, the mechanism of their interaction has not yet been utilized in molecular breeding of plants for climate change. For the study reported herein, we compared the sequences of HS‐inducible genes and their promoters in Arabidopsis, soybean, rice and maize and then designed an optimal HS‐inducible promoter. Our analyses suggest that, for the four species, the abscisic acid‐independent, HSE/HSF‐dependent transcriptional pathway plays a major role in HS‐inducible gene expression. We found that an 18‐bp sequence that includes the HSE has an important role in the HSR, and that those sequences could be classified as representative of monocotyledons or dicotyledons. With the HS‐inducible promoter designed based on our bioinformatic predictions, we were able to develop an optimal HS‐specific inducible promoter for seedlings or single cells in roots. These findings demonstrate the utility of our HS‐specific inducible promoter, which we expect will contribute to molecular breeding efforts and cell‐targeted gene expression in specific plant tissues.
Reviewing Trade Policy in China During the Transition to Balanced Economic Growth
Authors: Sánchez‐Fung José R. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe paper reviews the World Trade Organization's analysis of developments in China's trade policy during 2012–14. The review overlaps with the continuing Great Recession and with China's determination to foster a sustainable rate of economic growth. Developments in the country's trade policy include the launching of the Shanghai pilot free trade zone. China faces a series of trade policy‐related challenges including the complex process necessary to internationalise the renminbi.
Cyclone hazards in the Arabian sea–A numerical modelling case study of Cyclone Nilofar
Authors: Sarker Mohammad Akhtaruzzaman 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCyclones cause significant loss of life and damage to properties, ecosystems and marine facilities. To address such issues, Royal HaskoningDHV (RHDHV) has developed regional tidal hydrodynamic and wave models covering the Northern Arabian Sea. A total of 29 major cyclones were identified in the Arabian Sea since 1945. However, as less information is available on Cyclone Nilofar (2014), this paper has concentrated on this event to illustrate the use of numerical modelling to simulate waves and surge generated by cyclones. Sample results from the modelling study are presented in this paper. The methodology described in this paper for modelling cyclone waves and surges in the Arabian Sea could be applied to simulate such natural hazards at other sites around the world.
An improved automated type‐based method for area assessment of wound surface
Authors: Qi Xin , Ding Lian , Huang Wenjian , Wen Bing , Guo Xiaohui , Zhang Jue 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAccurate and precise wound measurements are a critical component of wound detection and assessment. Digital cameras are convenient and objective tools that are being increasingly used worldwide to assist with wound measurements and assessments. However, heterogeneous wounds and poor lighting conditions continue to be obstacles to wound area recognition. This study, therefore, provides an improved automated type‐based wound area assessment method that is robust to lighting conditions and can distinguish between different wound tissues based on wound colors. The results of both laboratory and clinical applications of the proposed method show excellent consistency of manual area measurements. This proposed technology is expected to provide wound care specialists with more clinical information about heterogeneous wounds, thereby enabling prospective cost savings for therapy and treatment.
Sweating responses to isometric hand‐grip exercise and forearm muscle metaboreflex in prepubertal children and elderly
Authors: Amano Tatsuro , Kai Seiko , Nakajima Michi , Ichinose‐Kuwahara Tomoko , Gerrett Nicola , Kondo Narihiko , Inoue Yoshimitsu 
Published: November 2016

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Non‐thermal factors (e.g. muscle metaboreflex) contribute to the sweating response during exercise. Although it is well recognized that the sweating responses caused by core temperature elevation in prepubertal children and the elderly are attenuated compared with young adults, it is unknown whether non‐thermal sweating is also attenuated in these populations.

What is the main finding and its importance?
The non‐thermal sweating response during isometric hand‐grip exercise and isolated muscle metaboreflex were attenuated in prepubertal children compared with young adults in a non‐uniform manner over the body, but only during the muscle metaboreflex in the elderly. This may explain the maturation‐ and ageing‐related decline of sweating during exercise.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate sweating responses to isometric hand‐grip (IH) exercise and muscle metaboreflex in prepubertal children and the elderly. In hot conditions (ambient temperature, 35°C; relative humidity, 45%), 13 healthy young adults, 10 prepubertal children and 10 elderly subjects (aged 20.4 ± 1.2, 11.4 ± 0.5 and 63.5 ± 3.1 years, respectively) repeated a three hand‐grip exercise protocol that consisted of 1 min IH exercise at 15, 30 or 45% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) followed by 2 min postexercise forearm occlusion. Local sweat rates (SRs) on the forehead, chest, forearm, thigh and palm were continuously measured (ventilated capsule method). The forehead SR in prepubertal children during IH exercise at 45% MVC was significantly lower than that of young adults (0.26 ± 0.22 and 0.08 ± 0.15 mg cm−2 min−1 for young adults and children, respectively; P < 0.05) but not of the elderly at any exercise intensities. The SR on the chest (0.22 ± 0.22 and −0.01 ± 0.05 mg cm−2 min−1 for young adults and children, respectively), forearm (0.14 ± 0.12 and 0.03 ± 0.04 mg cm−2 min−1) and thigh (0.13 ± 0.10 and 0.02 ± 0.03 mg cm−2 min−1) during postexercise occlusion at 45% MVC was significantly lower in children than in young adults (P < 0.05). Elderly subjects showed a significantly lower SR on the forearm (0.04 ± 0.04 and 0.01 ± 0.02 mg cm−2 min−1 for young adults and elderly, respectively) and thigh (0.07 ± 0.07 and 0.01 ± 0.03 mg cm−2 min−1) at 15% MVC and on the thigh at 45% MVC (0.13 ± 0.10 and 0.04 ± 0.04 mg cm−2 min−1) during postexercise occlusion compared with young adults (P < 0.05). These results suggest that sweating responses to IH exercise and muscle metaboreflex were underdeveloped in prepubertal children and that ageing attenuates the response to the muscle metaboreflex in a way that is not consistent across the body.
Does attenuated skin blood flow lower sweat rate and the critical environmental limit for heat balance during severe heat exposure?
Authors: Cramer Matthew N. , Gagnon Daniel , Crandall Craig G. , Jay Ollie 
Published: November 2016

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Does attenuated skin blood flow diminish sweating and reduce the critical environmental limit for heat balance, which indicates maximal heat loss potential, during severe heat stress?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Isosmotic hypovolaemia attenuated skin blood flow by ∼20% but did not result in different sweating rates, mean skin temperatures or critical environmental limits for heat balance compared with control and volume‐infusion treatments, suggesting that the lower levels of skin blood flow commonly observed in aged and diseased populations may not diminish maximal whole‐body heat dissipation.

Attenuated skin blood flow (SkBF) is often assumed to impair core temperature (Tc) regulation. Profound pharmacologically induced reductions in SkBF (∼85%) lead to impaired sweating, but whether the smaller attenuations in SkBF (∼20%) more often associated with ageing and certain diseases lead to decrements in sweating and maximal heat loss potential is unknown. Seven healthy men (28 ± 4 years old) completed a 30 min equilibration period at 41°C and a vapour pressure (Pa) of 2.57 kPa followed by incremental steps in Pa of 0.17 kPa every 6 min to 5.95 kPa. Differences in heat loss potential were assessed by identifying the critical vapour pressure (Pcrit) at which an upward inflection in Tc occurred. The following three separate treatments elicited changes in plasma volume to achieve three distinct levels of SkBF: control (CON); diuretic‐induced isosmotic dehydration to lower SkBF (DEH); and continuous saline infusion to maintain SkBF (SAL). The Tc, mean skin temperature (Tsk), heart rate, mean laser‐Doppler flux (forearm and thigh; LDFmean), mean local sweat rate (forearm and thigh; LSRmean) and metabolic rate were measured. In DEH, a 14.2 ± 5.7% lower plasma volume resulted in a ∼20% lower LDFmean in perfusion units (PU) (DEH, 139 ± 23 PU; CON, 176 ± 22 PU; and SAL, 186 ± 22 PU; P = 0.034). However, LSRmean and whole‐body sweat losses were unaffected by treatment throughout (P > 0.482). The Pcrit for Tc was similar between treatments (CON, 5.05 ± 0.30 kPa; DEH, 4.93 ± 0.16 kPa; and SAL, 5.12 ± 0.10 kPa; P = 0.166). Furthermore, no differences were observed in the skin‐air temperature gradient, metabolic rate or changes in Tc (P > 0.197). In conclusion, a ∼20% reduction in SkBF alters neither sweat rate nor the upper limit for heat loss from the skin during non‐encapsulated passive heat stress.
CRAC channel gating and its modulation by STIM1 and 2‐aminoethoxydiphenyl borate
Authors: Ali Sher , Xu Tao , Xu Xiaolan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCa2+ release‐activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels play an essential role in the immune system. The pore‐forming subunit, Orai1, is an important pharmacological target. Here, we summarize the recent discoveries on the structure–function relationship of Orai1, as well as its interaction with the native channel opener STIM1 and chemical modulator 2‐aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2‐APB). We first introduce the critical structural elements of Orai1, which include a Ca2+ accumulating region, ion selectivity filter, hydrophobic centre, basic region, extended transmembrane Orai1 N‐terminal (ETON) region, transmembrane (TM) regions 2 and 3, P245 bend, 263SHK265 hinge linker and L273–L276 hydrophobic patch. We then hypothesize the possible mechanisms by which STIM1 triggers the conformational transitions of TM regions and exquisitely shapes the ion conduction pathway during generation of the CRAC current (Icrac) with high Ca2+ selectivity. Finally, we propose mechanisms by which 2‐APB modulates Icrac. On the STIM1‐activated Orai1 channel, a low dose of 2‐APB acts directly, dilating its extremely narrow pore diameter from 3.8 to 4.6 Å, increasing its unitary channel conductance, and potentiating the Icrac. Further elucidation of the structure of the opened CRAC channel and a better understanding of structure–function relationship will benefit the future development of novel immune modulators.
image
A Cubic Nonlinear Subgrid-Scale Model for Large Eddy Simulation
Authors: Xianbei Huang , Zhuqing Liu , Wei Yang , Yaojun Li , Zixuan Yang 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
In this paper, a new cubic subgrid-scale (SGS) model is proposed to capture the rotation effect. Different from the conventional nonlinear model with second-order term, the new model contains a cubic term which is originated in the Reynolds stress closure. All the three model coefficients are determined dynamically using the Germano’s identity. The model is examined in the rotating turbulent channel flow and the Taylor–Couette flow. Comparing with the linear model and the second-order model, the new model shows better performance.
Results From Ghana’s 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
Authors: Ocansey Reginald , Aryeetey Richmond , Sofo Seidu , Nazzar Alex , Delali Margaret , Pambo Prince , Nyawornota Vida , Nartey John , Sarkwa Rachel 
Published: November 2016

Background:Currently, there is limited evidence on estimates for physical activity (PA) behavior and sedentary behavior (SB) in Ghana. This report card (RC) is intended to increase awareness and sensitivity about issues surrounding PA and SB in Ghana.Methods:Data were collected from peer-reviewed literature, graduate students’ theses, physical education and sports documents, and a survey of opinions of stakeholders covering the 10 key RC indicators and benchmarks. The principal investigator harmonized all grades. A consensus meeting of the RC team was held to assign the final grades.Results:School and Community grades declined from a D in 2014 to an F in 2016. SB declined from B to D. Family and Active Play were not graded in 2014 and now received an F and a B, respectively. Family and Built Environment were graded F, Active Transportation received a C, and Government and Overall PA were graded D.Conclusions:A conscious national investment effort can increase overall PA among children.
Results From England’s 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
Authors: Wilkie Hannah , Standage Martyn , Sherar Lauren , Cumming Sean , Parnell Caley , Davis Adrian , Foster Charlie , Jago Russ 
Published: November 2016

Background:Regular physical activity improves physical and mental health, yet children’s physical activity levels were low in England’s 2014 Report Card. Within this paper, we update the 2014 Report Card to assess current information for the 9 indicators of physical activity.Methods:A search for nationally representative data on 9 indicators of physical activity was conducted and the data were assessed by an expert panel. The panel assigned grades [ie, A, B, C, D, F, or INC (incomplete)] to each indicator based on whether children across England were achieving specific benchmarks. The 2016 Report Card was produced and disseminated.Results:The following grades were awarded: Overall Physical Activity Levels: D-; Organized Sport Participation: D; Active Play: INC; Active Transportation: C-; Sedentary Behaviors: INC; Family and Peers: INC; School: B+; Community and the Built Environment: B; Government Strategies and Investment: INC.Conclusions:The grades have not improved since the 2014 Report Card and several gaps in the literature are still present. While children’s physical activity levels remain low alongside competing sedentary choices, further national plans and investment with local actions are urgently needed to promote physical activity especially via active play, active transport, and family support.
Results From Canada’s 2016 ParticipACTION Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
Authors: Barnes Joel D. , Cameron Christine , Carson Valerie , Chaput Jean-Philippe , Faulkner Guy E.J. , Janson Katherine , Janssen Ian , Kramers Roger , LeBlanc Allana G. , Spence John C. , Tremblay Mark S. 
Published: November 2016

Background:The ParticipACTION Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth is the most comprehensive assessment of child and youth physical activity in Canada and provides an update or “state of the nation” that assesses how Canada is doing at promoting and facilitating physical activity opportunities for children and youth. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the results of the 2016 ParticipACTION Report Card.Methods:Twelve physical activity indicators were graded by a committee of experts using a process that was informed by the best available evidence. Sources included national surveys, peer-reviewed literature, and gray literature such as government and nongovernment reports and online content.Results:Grades were assigned to Daily Behaviors (Overall Physical Activity: D-; Organized Sport and Physical Activity Participation: B; Active Play: D+; Active Transportation: D; Physical Literacy: D+; Sleep: B; Sedentary Behaviors: F), Settings and Sources of Influence (Family and Peers: C+; School: B; Community and Environment: A-), and Strategies and Investments (Government: B-; Nongovernment: A-).Conclusions:Similar to previous years of the Report Card, Canada generally received good grades for indicators relating to investment, infrastructure, strategies, policies, and programming, and poor grades for behavioral indicators (eg, Overall Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviors).
Results From Spain’s 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
Authors: Roman-Viñas Blanca , Marin Jorge , Sánchez-López Mairena , Aznar Susana , Leis Rosaura , Aparicio-Ugarriza Raquel , Schroder Helmut , Ortiz-Moncada Rocío , Vicente German , González-Gross Marcela , Serra-Majem Lluís 
Published: November 2016

Background:The first Active Healthy Kids Spanish Report Card aims to gather the most robust information about physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior of children and adolescents.Methods:A Research Working Group of experts on PA and sport sciences was convened. A comprehensive data search, based on a review of the literature, dissertations, gray literature, and experts’ nonpublished data, was conducted to identify the best sources to grade each indicator following the procedures and methodology outlined by the Active Healthy Kids Canada Report Card model.Results:Overall PA (based on objective and self-reported methods) was graded as D-, Organized Sports Participation as B, Active Play as C+, Active Transportation as C, Sedentary Behavior as D, School as C, and Family and Peers as Incomplete, Community and the Built Environment as Incomplete, and Government as Incomplete.Conclusions:Spanish children and adolescents showed low levels of adherence to PA and sedentary behavior guidelines, especially females and adolescents. There is a need to achieve consensus and harmonize methods to evaluate PA and sedentary behavior to monitor changes over time and to evaluate the effectiveness of policies to promote PA.
Results From Wales’ 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth: Is Wales Turning the Tide on Children’s Inactivity?
Authors: Tyler Richard , Mannello Marianne , Mattingley Rebecca , Roberts Chris , Sage Robert , Taylor Suzan R , Ward Malcolm , Williams Simon , Stratton Gareth 
Published: November 2016

Background:This is the second Active Healthy Kids Wales Report Card. The 2016 version consolidates and translates research related to physical activity (PA) among children and youth in Wales, and aims to raise the awareness of children’s engagement in PA and sedentary behaviors.Methods:Ten PA indicators were graded using the Active Healthy Kids—Canada Report Card methodology involving a synthesis and expert consensus of the best available evidence.Results:Grades were assigned as follows: Overall PA, D+; Organized Sport Participation, C; Active and Outdoor Play, C; Active Transportation, C; Sedentary Behaviors, D-; Physical Literacy, INC; Family and Peer Influences, D+; School, B; Community and the Built Environment, C; and National Government Policy, Strategies, and Investments, B-.Conclusions:Despite the existence of sound policies, programs, and infrastructure, PA levels of children and youth in Wales are one of the lowest and sedentary behavior one of the highest globally. From the 2014 Report Card, the Family and Peer Influences grade improved from D to D+, whereas Community and the Built Environment dropped from B to C. These results indicate that a concerted effort is required to increase PA and decrease sedentary time in children and young people in Wales.
Results From Thailand’s 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth
Authors: Amornsriwatanakul Areekul , Nakornkhet Kasem , Katewongsa Piyawat , Choosakul Chairat , Kaewmanee Tippawan , Konharn Kurusart , Purakom Atchara , Santiworakul Anoma , Sitilertpisan Patraporn , Sriramatr Sonthaya , Yankai Araya , Rosenberg Michael , Bull Fiona C. 
Published: November 2016

Background:Physical activity (PA) is recognized as one of the core modifiable risk factors of noncommunicable diseases. However, little is known about PA in the Thai population, particularly in children. The report card (RC) project provided Thailand with an opportunity to assess PA behaviors in children. This paper summarizes the methodology, grading process, and the final grades of the Thai RC.Methods:A school-based survey was conducted to collect data from a nationally representative sample of children aged 6 to 17 years. Survey results provided the primary source for the RC. Nine indicators were graded using the Global Matrix 2.0 framework. Grading was undertaken by a national committee comprising experts from key stakeholders.Results:Grades ranged from F to B. Overall PA and Sedentary Behaviors both received the grade D-. Organized Sport Participation scored a C. Active Play scored the grade F. Active Transport and support from Family and Peers were both graded B. School, Community, and Government indicators were scored C.Conclusions:In Thai children, participation in PA and active play is very low; conversely, sedentary behaviors are high. These first data on patterns of activity for the Thailand RC will serve to guide national actions and advocacy aimed at increasing PA in children.