bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Haemoproteus sp. in Galápagos blue-footed boobies: effects on health and reproduction
Authors: LEE-CRUZ LARISA , CUNNINGHAM ANDREW A. , MARTÍNEZ PAMELA , CRUZ MARILYN , GOODMAN SIMON J. , HAMER KEITH C. 
Published: February 2016

SUMMARYPopulations of blue-footed boobies in the Galápagos Islands have declined by at least 50% compared with numbers recorded during the 1960s. Recently, concern has been expressed about potential adverse effects of introduced blood parasites; in particular, malarial parasites (i.e.Plasmodiumsp.), which are frequently pathogenic and can cause mortality and morbidity in birds, and blood parasites of the genusHaemoproteus, which can reduce fitness. We screened blue-footed boobies at six breeding colonies within Galápagos for both genera of parasite. At two sites, we also investigated whether there was any relationship between infection status and physiological condition or breeding success. We found a high prevalence ofHaemoproteusspp. in adults and chicks using PCR, although none was found on blood smears. We found no evidence ofPlasmodium.Effects of parasitism on the condition of birds were limited. Also, there was no evidence that infection withHaemoproteusadversely affected breeding success or chick growth. Our results suggest that poor success of breeding birds was not strongly associated withHaemoproteusinfection. However, regular colony monitoring and examination of dead birds are necessary to assess whether acuteHaemoproteusinfection might be responsible for some mortality, particularly of chicks.
Raymond Klibansky (1905-2005) : un philosophe engagé
Authors: GROFFIER ETHEL 
Published: February 2016

Présentation:L’année 2015 marque le dixième anniversaire de la mort de Raymond Klibansky, philosophe et historien des idées canadien. La revueDialoguelui rend hommage en publiant le texte qui suit de Mme Ethel Groffier, veuve de Raymond Klibansky et chercheure émérite au Centre de recherche Paul-André Crépeau en droit privé et comparé de l’Université McGill. Dans cette intervention, Mme Groffier rappelle l’importance de l’engagement dans la vie et l’œuvre de ce remarquable philosophe.Né en France au mois d’octobre 1905 dans une famille allemande, éduqué en Allemagne à partir de la Première guerre, exilé en Angleterre en 1933, Raymond Klibansky s’installa à Montréal dès 1946, à l’invitation de l’Université McGill. Sa carrière académique au Canada et à l’étranger fut admirable et reconnue par de nombreux hommages. Il laisse derrière lui une œuvre imposante, tant en philosophie qu’en histoire des idées modernes; parmi ces idées, il s’attacha particulièrement à la tolérance et à la liberté, qui inspirèrent toute sa vie.Luc Langlois
Evidence for prey preference partitioning in the middle Eocene high-diversity crocodylian assemblage of the Geiseltal-Fossillagerstätte, Germany utilizing skull shape analysis
Authors: HASTINGS ALEXANDER K. , HELLMUND MEINOLF 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe Geiseltal fossil collection from southern Sachsen-Anhalt Germany contains remarkably well-preserved fossils of middle Eocene age. These include several crocodylian skulls, representing at least four different genera with a fifth genus represented by two mandibular rami. As sites with this many crocodylian genera are unknown in modern ecosystems, it has been hypothesized that these crocodylians may have differences in habit as compared to living crocodylians. In order to test similarities between the Geiseltal crocodylians and extant species, an analysis was conducted using geometric morphometrics to quantify shape in crocodylian skulls of all living species (n= 218) and all well-preserved crocodylian skulls of the Geiseltal fauna (n= 28). A relative warps analysis was used to quantify and compare skull shape, revealingAllognathosuchusandBoverisuchusto be very distinct from each other as well as fromAsiatosuchusandDiplocynodon. Overlap in shape alone exists between someDiplocynodonand someAsiatosuchus, but there was significant difference in adult size. When compared with extant crocodylians, three Geiseltal genera occupied distinctly non-modern morphospace in the first two relative warps axes. Comparison of the diets of living crocodylians with similarly shaped skulls was used to reconstruct the prey preferences of the Geiseltal crocodylians, revealing differences in specialization. During the middle Eocene high global temperatures, partitioning of prey preference may have allowed this group to attain its higher than usual diversity, reducing the amount of direct competition.
The vomeronasal organ – incidence in a Bulgarian population
Authors: Stoyanov G , Moneva K , Sapundzhiev N , Tonchev A B 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackground:The vomeronasal organ is an accessory olfactory organ found in vertebrates that specialises in the chemoreception of pheromones. This study aimed to explore the existence and occurrence of the vomeronasal organ in adult humans.Methods:A total of 966 consecutive video recordings of out-patient nasopharyngolaryngoscopies performed at the St Marina University Hospital, Varna, Bulgaria, were retrospectively reviewed.Results:Data analysis showed that from the evaluable cases, the organ was evident on the left side of the nasal septum in 14.93 per cent, on the right side in 21.15 per cent and bilaterally in 2.35 per cent of cases. The vomeronasal organ was present in a total of 26.83 per cent of the investigated subjects.Conclusion:More research should be focused on revealing the incidence and functionality of the organ, and on its preservation in surgical manipulations that affect the nasal septum and other nearby structures.
Last of the green: identifying priority sites to prevent plant extinctions in Brazil
Authors: Diniz Milena F. , Gonçalves Tatiel V. , Brito Daniel 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe identification and protection of Alliance for Zero Extinction sites at the national level is of great importance to safeguard biodiversity and achieve the targets of the Convention on Biological Diversity for 2020. Here we identify priority species and sites for the Brazilian flora. We evaluated the protection status of each site, taking into account whether or not it was located within a protected area, and the anthropogenic pressure on the site, using human density and gross domestic product as surrogates. We identified a total of 234 trigger species at 140 sites. Most of the sites are located in the Atlantic Forest and the Cerrado; only 21 are within protected areas. There was no relationship of human density and annual gross domestic product per capita with the level of site protection. The low proportion of Alliance for Zero Extinction sites protected shows that Brazil is lagging behind in global conservation efforts to protect such sites.
PHILOSOPHY AND MEDICINE IN JEWISH PROVENCE,ANNO1199: SAMUEL IBN TIBBON AND DOEG THE EDOMITE TRANSLATING GALEN'STEGNI
Authors: Freudenthal Gad , Fontaine Resianne 
Published: February 2016

AbstractGalen'sTechnê iatrikê(Tegni, for short) was translated into Hebrew three times. The first two translations were executed in the Midi, around the year 1199: once from Constantine the African's Latin version, by an anonymous physician who used the pseudonym “Doeg the Edomite”; and a second time from Arabic, by Samuel Ibn Tibbon in Béziers, using as hisVorlageḤunayn Ibn Isḥāq's Arabic version (al-Ṣināʿa al-saġīra), accompanied by ʿAlī Ibn Riḍwān's commentary. (Samuel Ibn Tibbon's authorship of this translation has been called into doubt, but is reestablished in a paper by Gad Freudenthal in this issue ofASP.) A third translation, again from Latin and including Ibn Riḍwān's commentary, was done by Hillel ben Samuel in Rome, in the late thirteenth century, but is not considered in this paper.We present theTegniand discuss its history. We then ask why this work was translated into Hebrew twice, at precisely the same time and area. We show that both translators responded to the need of Jewish physicians who read only Hebrew. Doeg's translation was part of his vast project of making the greater part of the Salernitan corpus available in Hebrew. Samuel Ibn Tibbon translated theTegniwith Ibn Riḍwān's commentary both because he was responding to a social need and because he was in the process of switching his profession from physician to translator of philosophic works. Galen's medico-philosophic text was a perfect fit for his intellectual evolution from a philosophically minded physician to a philosopher-scientist.
DIALECTICIANS AND DIALECTICS IN AVERROES’LONG COMMENTARYON GAMMA 2 OF ARISTOTLE'SMETAPHYSICS
Authors: Halper Yehuda 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWhile Averroes’ work is often considered to represent the culmination of the method of Aristotelian demonstration in Arabic philosophy, a short passage of hisLong Commentaryon Aristotle'sMetaphysicsΓ.2 emphasizes the prominence of dialectic and calls for a re-examination of dialectic and demonstration in Averroes’ philosophical works. In this passage Averroes describes dialectic as an acceptable form of philosophy and the dialectician as a kind of scientist. In putting dialectic and demonstration on an equal, or nearly equal footing, Averroes seems to go against his own account of the dialectical and demonstrative classes of people in theDecisive Treatise. Moreover, this interpretation ofMetaphysicsΓ.2 also contradicts Averroes’ explanation of the same passage in theMiddle Commentaryon theMetaphysicsas well as Aristotle's own description of dialectic throughout theMetaphysics. That is, in theLong Commentaryon theMetaphysics, Averroes departs from his earlier views, and describes dialectic as a necessary part of metaphysics, even though the centrality of dialectic argumentation could call into question the entire project of metaphysics and consequently of the sciences whose demonstrations rely on metaphysical ground,i.e., all sciences. Averroes does not emphasize this view, but its presence is nevertheless unambiguous.
Inapproximability of the Partition Function for the Antiferromagnetic Ising and Hard-Core Models
Authors: GALANIS ANDREAS , ŠTEFANKOVIČ DANIEL , VIGODA ERIC 
Published: February 2016

Recent inapproximability results of Sly (2010), together with an approximation algorithm presented by Weitz (2006), establish a beautiful picture of the computational complexity of approximating the partition function of the hard-core model. Let λc($\mathbb{T}_{\Delta}$) denote the critical activity for the hard-model on the infinite Δ-regular tree. Weitz presented anFPTASfor the partition function when λ < λc($\mathbb{T}_{\Delta}$) for graphs with constant maximum degree Δ. In contrast, Sly showed that for all Δ ⩾ 3, there exists εΔ> 0 such that (unless RP = NP) there is noFPRASfor approximating the partition function on graphs of maximum degree Δ for activities λ satisfying λc($\mathbb{T}_{\Delta}$) < λ < λc($\mathbb{T}_{\Delta}$) + εΔ.We prove that a similar phenomenon holds for the antiferromagnetic Ising model. Sinclair, Srivastava and Thurley (2014) extended Weitz's approach to the antiferromagnetic Ising model, yielding anFPTASfor the partition function for all graphs of constant maximum degree Δ when the parameters of the model lie in the uniqueness region of the infinite Δ-regular tree. We prove the complementary result for the antiferromagnetic Ising model without external field, namely, that unless RP = NP, for all Δ ⩾ 3, there is noFPRASfor approximating the partition function on graphs of maximum degree Δ when the inverse temperature lies in the non-uniqueness region of the infinite tree$\mathbb{T}_{\Delta}$. Our proof works by relating certain second moment calculations for random Δ-regular bipartite graphs to the tree recursions used to establish the critical points on the infinite tree.
The “No-Patient” Run: 2,698 Patients Evaluated but Not Transported by Paramedics
Authors: Selden Brad S. , Schnitzer Patricia G. , Nolan Francis X. , Veronesi James F. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPatients evaluated by paramedics but not transported by ambulance to the hospital (“no-patient” runs or NPR) form a large part of the volume of ambulance runs in many emergency medical service (EMS) systems and account for 50–90 % of litigation brought against paramedics. Since there are no published studies of this important population, this paper provides a demographic description of the encounters and the prehospital patient disposition in one EMS system. Of all EMS runs for 1987 in the system studied, 2,698 (26.1 %) met NPR criteria. Mean run time for the NPR was 18.5±10.5 min versus 43.1 min for patients transported. The proportion of NPR was unrelated to sex or EMS response type, but was increased in those over age 40 years (p<.001) (Chi square), but was less for those over age 50 years (p<.001) compared to all ages. The proportion of NPR was associated with hour of the day (p<.01), with the highest proportion seen between 0000–0559 hours when overall run volume was lowest. The most frequent prehospital assessments in NPR were minor trauma (25.3 % of NPR), blunt head trauma (18.5%), and no illness or injury (15.9%). Most NPR patients were evaluated by medics and released (46.5%), while 22.7% sought medical care by private vehicle. Treatment or monitoring was performed in 17.6% and refused in 23.8% of NPR cases. Patient disposition was: released to friends/relatives (39.1%); presumed alone (35.5%); to police (18.2%); or other medical care (7.3 %). Medical control physician contact was not required, but was used in 2.1% of NPR cases.This is the first study of NPR in an EMS system. It describes patient demographics, disposition, and differences from transported patients. Emergency Medical Services providers specifically should examine this population in their systems to maintain patient care standards and decrease medicolegal risks.
Observed Benefits to On-site Medical Services during an Annual 5-day Electronic Dance Music Event with Harm Reduction Services
Authors: Munn Matthew Brendan , Lund Adam , Golby Riley , Turris Sheila A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundWith increasing attendance and media attention, large-scale electronic dance music events (EDMEs) are a subset of mass gatherings that have a unique risk profile for attendees and promoters. Shambhala Music Festival (Canada) is a multi-day event in a rural setting with a recognized history of providing harm reduction (HR) services alongside medical care.Study/ObjectiveThis manuscript describes the medical response at a multi-day electronic music festival where on-site HR interventions and dedicated medical care are delivered as parallel public health measures.MethodsThis study was a descriptive case report. Medical encounters and event-related data were documented prospectively using an established event registry database.ResultsIn 2014, Shambhala Music Festival had 67,120 cumulative attendees over a 7-day period, with a peak daily attendance of 15,380 people. There were 1,393 patient encounters and the patient presentation rate (PPR) was 20.8 per one thousand. The majority of these (90.9%) were for non-urgent complaints. The ambulance transfer rate (ATR) was 0.194 per one thousand and 0.93% of patient encounters were transferred by ambulance. No patients required intubation and there were no fatalities.Harm reduction services included mobile outreach teams, distribution of educational materials, pill checking facilities, a dedicated women’s space, and a “Sanctuary” area that provided non-medical peer support for overwhelmed guests. More than 10,000 encounters were recorded by mobile and booth-based preventive and educational services, and 2,786 pills were checked on-site with a seven percent discard rate.ConclusionDedicated medical and HR services represent two complementary public health strategies to minimize risk at a multi-day electronic music festival. The specific extent to which HR strategies reduce the need for medical care is not well understood. Incorporation of HR practices when planning on-site medical care has the potential to inform patient management, reduce presentation rates and acuity, and decrease utilization and cost for local, community-based health services.MunnMB, LundA, GolbyR, TurrisSA. Observed benefits to on-site medical services during an annual 5-day electronic dance music event with harm reduction services. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(2):228–234.
Genome-wide screening identifies a KCNIP1 copy number variant as a genetic predictor for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Tsai Chia-Ti , Hsieh Chia-Shan , Chang Sheng-Nan , Chuang Eric Y. , Ueng Kwo-Chang , Tsai Chin-Feng , Lin Tsung-Hsien , Wu Cho-Kai , Lee Jen-Kuang , Lin Lian-Yu , Wang Yi-Chih , Yu Chih-Chieh , Lai Ling-Ping , Tseng Chuen-Den , Hwang Juey-Jen , Chiang Fu-Tien , Lin Jiunn-Lee 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia. Previous genome-wide association studies had identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms in several genomic regions to be associated with AF. In human genome, copy number variations (CNVs) are known to contribute to disease susceptibility. Using a genome-wide multistage approach to identify AF susceptibility CNVs, we here show a common 4,470-bp diallelic CNV in the first intron of potassium interacting channel 1 gene (KCNIP1) is strongly associated with AF in Taiwanese populations (odds ratio=2.27 for insertion allele; P=6.23 × 10−24). KCNIP1 insertion is associated with higher KCNIP1 mRNA expression. KCNIP1-encoded protein potassium interacting channel 1 (KCHIP1) is physically associated with potassium Kv channels and modulates atrial transient outward current in cardiac myocytes. Overexpression of KCNIP1 results in inducible AF in zebrafish. In conclusions, a common CNV in KCNIP1 gene is a genetic predictor of AF risk possibly pointing to a functional pathway.
Endomucin prevents leukocyte–endothelial cell adhesion and has a critical role under resting and inflammatory conditions
Authors: Zahr Alisar , Alcaide Pilar , Yang Jinling , Jones Alexander , Gregory Meredith , dela Paz Nathaniel G. , Patel-Hett Sunita , Nevers Tania , Koirala Adarsha , Luscinskas Francis W. , Saint-Geniez Magali , Ksander Bruce , D’Amore Patricia A. , Argüeso Pablo 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEndomucin is a membrane-bound glycoprotein expressed luminally by endothelial cells that line postcapillary venules, a primary site of leukocyte recruitment during inflammation. Here we show that endomucin abrogation on quiescent endothelial cells enables neutrophils to adhere firmly, via LFA-1-mediated binding to ICAM-1 constitutively expressed by endothelial cells. Moreover, TNF-α stimulation downregulates cell surface expression of endomucin concurrent with increased expression of adhesion molecules. Adenovirus-mediated expression of endomucin under inflammatory conditions prevents neutrophil adhesion in vitro and reduces the infiltration of CD45+ and NIMP-R14+ cells in vivo. These results indicate that endomucin prevents leukocyte contact with adhesion molecules in non-inflamed tissues and that downregulation of endomucin is critical to facilitate adhesion of leukocytes into inflamed tissues.
Transcriptional silencing of long noncoding RNA GNG12-AS1 uncouples its transcriptional and product-related functions
Authors: Stojic Lovorka , Niemczyk Malwina , Orjalo Arturo , Ito Yoko , Ruijter Anna Elisabeth Maria , Uribe-Lewis Santiago , Joseph Nimesh , Weston Stephen , Menon Suraj , Odom Duncan T. , Rinn John , Gergely Fanni , Murrell Adele 
Published: February 2016

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate gene expression via their RNA product or through transcriptional interference, yet a strategy to differentiate these two processes is lacking. To address this, we used multiple small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to silence GNG12-AS1, a nuclear lncRNA transcribed in an antisense orientation to the tumour-suppressor DIRAS3. Here we show that while most siRNAs silence GNG12-AS1 post-transcriptionally, siRNA complementary to exon 1 of GNG12-AS1 suppresses its transcription by recruiting Argonaute 2 and inhibiting RNA polymerase II binding. Transcriptional, but not post-transcriptional, silencing of GNG12-AS1 causes concomitant upregulation of DIRAS3, indicating a function in transcriptional interference. This change in DIRAS3 expression is sufficient to impair cell cycle progression. In addition, the reduction in GNG12-AS1 transcripts alters MET signalling and cell migration, but these are independent of DIRAS3. Thus, differential siRNA targeting of a lncRNA allows dissection of the functions related to the process and products of its transcription.
Using synthetic bacterial enhancers to reveal a looping-based mechanism for quenching-like repression
Authors: Brunwasser-Meirom Michal , Pollak Yaroslav , Goldberg Sarah , Levy Lior , Atar Orna , Amit Roee 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe explore a model for ‘quenching-like’ repression by studying synthetic bacterial enhancers, each characterized by a different binding site architecture. To do so, we take a three-pronged approach: first, we compute the probability that a protein-bound dsDNA molecule will loop. Second, we use hundreds of synthetic enhancers to test the model’s predictions in bacteria. Finally, we verify the mechanism bioinformatically in native genomes. Here we show that excluded volume effects generated by DNA-bound proteins can generate substantial quenching. Moreover, the type and extent of the regulatory effect depend strongly on the relative arrangement of the binding sites. The implications of these results are that enhancers should be insensitive to 10–11 bp insertions or deletions (INDELs) and sensitive to 5–6 bp INDELs. We test this prediction on 61 σ54-regulated qrr genes from the Vibrio genus and confirm the tolerance of these enhancers’ sequences to the DNA’s helical repeat.
Stabilization of p21 by mTORC1/4E-BP1 predicts clinical outcome of head and neck cancers
Authors: Llanos Susana , García-Pedrero Juana M. , Morgado-Palacin Lucia , Rodrigo Juan P. , Serrano Manuel 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe levels, regulation and prognostic value of p21 in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) has been puzzling for years. Here, we report a new mechanism of regulation of p21 by the mTORC1/4E-BP1 pathway. We find that non-phosphorylated 4E-BP1 interacts with p21 and induces its degradation. Accordingly, hyper-activation of mTORC1 results in phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and stabilization of p21. In HNSCC, p21 levels strongly correlate with mTORC1 activity but not with p53 status. Finally, clinical data indicate that HNSCC patients with p21 and phospho-S6-double-positive tumours present a better disease-specific survival. We conclude that over-activation of the mTORC1/4E-BP1/p21 pathway is a frequent and clinically relevant alteration in HNSCC.
RAG2 and XLF/Cernunnos interplay reveals a novel role for the RAG complex in DNA repair
Authors: Lescale Chloé , Abramowski Vincent , Bedora-Faure Marie , Murigneux Valentine , Vera Gabriella , Roth David B. , Revy Patrick , de Villartay Jean-Pierre , Deriano Ludovic 
Published: February 2016

AbstractXRCC4-like factor (XLF) functions in classical non-homologous end-joining (cNHEJ) but is dispensable for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) generated during V(D)J recombination. A long-standing hypothesis proposes that, in addition to its canonical nuclease activity, the RAG1/2 proteins participate in the DNA repair phase of V(D)J recombination. Here we show that in the context of RAG2 lacking the C-terminus domain (Rag2c/c mice), XLF deficiency leads to a profound lymphopenia associated with a severe defect in V(D)J recombination and, in the absence of p53, increased genomic instability at V(D)J sites. In addition, Rag2c/cXLF−/−p53−/− mice develop aggressive pro-B cell lymphomas bearing complex chromosomal translocations and gene amplifications involving Igh and c-myc/pvt1 loci. Our results reveal an unanticipated functional interplay between the RAG complex and XLF in repairing RAG-induced DSBs and maintaining genome integrity during antigen receptor gene assembly.