bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Women's Experiences of Seeking and Receiving Psychological and Psychosocial Interventions for Postpartum Depression: A Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis of the Qualitative Literature
Authors: Hadfield Holly , Wittkowski Anja 
Published: December 2017

IntroductionPostpartum depression (PPD) is a serious maternal disorder that can have adverse effects on maternal and infant health. The importance of offering effective and acceptable treatments is well recognized, particularly given the numerous barriers women in many settings face in accessing interventions for PPD. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize qualitative research exploring women's experiences of professional psychological and psychosocial support for PPD.MethodsA systematic review of the literature was conducted in April 2017 by searching 5 electronic databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, Ovid, and Web of Science). Qualitative research studies published in English that explored women's experiences of professional psychosocial support for PPD were included, whereas studies exploring women's experiences of antidepressant medication only were excluded. Seventeen articles met inclusion criteria and were appraised for methodologic quality. Data were synthesized using the interpretive thematic synthesis method.ResultsFour main themes were identified: the process of help‐seeking, barriers to seeking and accepting support, valued aspects of support, and outcomes. Women found the process of seeking help difficult, with several barriers preventing them from both seeking and accepting professional support. Despite this, women described the support received as beneficial and particularly valued the therapeutic relationship. Women reported 1) feeling more positive and confident after receiving a psychological and/or psychosocial intervention and 2) experiencing better relationships with their infant and other family members.DiscussionAlthough seeking and accepting professional support for PPD was a difficult process, women highly valued mental health care support and perceived it as beneficial. Clinical services should aim to address the barriers women face in accessing mental health care and empower women to feel in control throughout the process, offering interventions appropriate to each woman's personal circumstance.
Motherhood and Employment Among Whites, Hispanics, and Blacks: A Life Course Approach
Authors: Florian Sandra M. 
Published: December 2017

Research has shown that having children reduces women's employment; yet how this effect differs for racial minorities has received less attention. Using random effects models and data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (N = 4,526), this study investigates the association between motherhood and employment among Whites, Hispanics, and Blacks over women's entire reproductive span. Results indicate that having children reduces labor force participation primarily by deterring full‐time employment. This effect is stronger and lasts longer among Whites, smaller and shorter among Hispanics, and brief among Blacks. Motherhood reduces part‐time employment for young mothers, but temporarily increases it for older mothers. Early childbearing partly explains Black and Hispanic women's low employment rates at young ages; interestingly, the evidence indicates that their employment prospects would benefit the most from delaying childbearing. This study highlights the relevance of intersectionality and the life course perspective for investigating inequality in the labor market.
Molecular study of phytoplasmas associated with pistachio yellows in Iran
Authors: Ghayeb Zamharir Maryam 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA large‐scale survey was conducted on pistachio plants exhibiting foliar symptoms including scorch, little leaf, yellows and reddish in pistachio growing areas in the Qom, Yazd and Qazvin provinces of Iran. Total DNA was extracted from symptomatic and symptomless pistachio and used in nested PCR assays with phytoplasma universal primers. Nested PCR products were obtained for symptomatic plant samples while the symptomless plants yielded no PCR products. Virtual restriction fragment length polymorphism, phylogenetic and DNA homology analyses of partial 16S ribosomal sequences of phytoplasma strains associated with symptomatic plants revealed the presence of phytoplasmas referable to two ribosomal groups; in particular, “Candidatus Phytoplasma solani” and “Ca. P. phoenicium” were identified. The presence of these phytoplasmas in pistachio is of great phytosanitary significance due to its commercial interest.
Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Diagnostic Accuracy of Serum Refractometry and Brix Refractometry for the Diagnosis of Inadequate Transfer of Passive Immunity in Calves
Authors: Buczinski S. , Gicquel E. , Fecteau G. , Takwoingi Y. , Chigerwe M. , Vandeweerd J.M. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundTransfer of passive immunity in calves can be assessed by direct measurement of immunoglobulin G (IgG) by methods such as radial immunodiffusion (RID) or turbidimetric immunoassay (TIA). IgG can also be measured indirectly by methods such as serum refractometry (REF) or Brix refractometry (BRIX).ObjectivesTo determine the accuracy ofREFandBRIXfor assessment of inadequate transfer of passive immunity (ITPI) in calves.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis of diagnostic accuracy studies.MethodsDatabases (PubMed andCABAbstract, Searchable Proceedings of Animal Science) and Google Scholar were searched for relevant studies. Studies were eligible if the accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) ofREForBRIXwas determined using direct measurement of IgG byRIDor turbidimetry as the reference standard. The study population included calves <14 days old that were fed with natural colostrum (colostrum replacement products were excluded). Quality assessment was performed by theQUADAS‐2 tool. Hierarchical models were used for meta‐analysis.ResultsFrom 1,291 references identified, 13 studies of 3,788 calves were included. Of these, 11 studies evaluatedREFand 5 studies evaluatedBRIX. The median (range) prevalence ofITPI(defined as calves with IgG <10 g/L byRIDorTIA) was 21% (1.3–56%). Risk of bias and applicability concerns were generally low or unclear. ForREF, summary estimates were obtained for 2 different cutoffs: 5.2 g/dL(6 studies) and 5.5 g/dL(5 studies). For the 5.2 g/dLcutoff, the summary sensitivity (95%CI) and specificity (95%CI) were 76.1% (63.8–85.2%) and 89.3% (82.3–93.7%), and 88.2% (80.2–93.3%) and 77.9% (74.5–81.0%) for the 5.5 g/dLcutoff. Due to the low number of studies using the same cutoffs, summary estimates could not be obtained for BRIX.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDespite their widespread use on dairy farms, evidence about the optimal strategy for using refractometry, including the optimal cutoff, are sparse (especially forBRIX). When usingREFto rule outITPIin herds, the 5.5 g/dLcutoff may be used whereas for ruling inITPI, the 5.2 g/dLcutoff may be used.
Endovascular shedding markers in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Nijst Petra , Cops Jirka , Martens Pieter , Swennen Quirine , Dupont Matthias , Tang Wai Hong W. , Mullens Wilfried 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundEndothelial glycocalyx degradation has been associated with multiple pathophysiological processes in cardiovascular disease.AimsTo explore the role of glycocalyx shedding markers in pathophysiology of HFrEF.MethodsIn 123 HFrEF patients, the concentration, prognostic value, and association of glycocalyx shedding markers with other disease processes were investigated.ResultsMedian HA levels and syndecan‐1 levels in HFrEF patients were, respectively, 29.4 (10.7;61.6) ng/mL and 48.5 (33.6;80.8) ng/mL. Overall, HA‐levels were significantly higher in HFrEF patients compared to healthy subjects, but only 31% of HFrEF patients had HA‐levels above the cutoff of normal. There was no significant difference among HFrEF patients and healthy subjects regarding syndecan‐1 levels. HFrEF patients with elevated HA‐levels had a significantly worse outcome (log rank = 0.01) which remained significant after correction for established risk factors (HR 2.53 (1.13‐5.69); P = .024). There was no significant relation between levels of shedding markers and neurohumoral activation (PRA, serum aldosterone, NT‐proBNP), myocardial injury (HS‐trop), inflammation (CRP), or other baseline characteristics.ConclusionsThe glycocalyx shedding marker HA is significantly elevated in a subgroup of HFrEF patients and an independent predictor for worse clinical outcome. Glycocalyx shedding might be an additional factor in the pathophysiology of HF which warrants further investigation.
ATP is a driving force in the repair of photosystem II during photoinhibition
Authors: Murata Norio , Nishiyama Yoshitaka 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRepair of photosystem II (PSII) during photoinhibition involves replacement of photodamaged D1 protein by newly synthesized D1 protein. In this review, we summarize evidence for the indispensability of ATP in the degradation and synthesis of D1 during the repair of PSII. Synthesis of one molecule of the D1 protein consumes more than 1,300 molecules of ATP equivalents. The degradation of photodamaged D1 by FtsH protease also consumes approximately 240 molecules of ATP. In addition, ATP is required for several other aspects of the repair of PSII, such as transcription of psbA genes. These requirements for ATP during the repair of PSII have been demonstrated by experiments showing that the synthesis of D1 and the repair of PSII are interrupted by inhibitors of ATP synthase and uncouplers of ATP synthesis, as well as by mutation of components of ATP synthase. We discuss the contribution of cyclic electron transport around photosystem I to the repair of PSII. Furthermore, we introduce new terms relevant to the regulation of the PSII repair, namely, “ATP‐dependent regulation” and “redox‐dependent regulation,” and we discuss the possible contribution of the ATP‐dependent regulation of PSII repair under environmental stress.
Quantifying Cancer Risk from Radiation
Authors: Keil Alexander P. , Richardson David B. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractComplex statistical models fitted to data from studies of atomic bomb survivors are used to estimate the human health effects of ionizing radiation exposures. We describe and illustrate an approach to estimate population risks from ionizing radiation exposure that relaxes many assumptions about radiation‐related mortality. The approach draws on developments in methods for causal inference. The results offer a different way to quantify radiation's effects and show that conventional estimates of the population burden of excess cancer at high radiation doses are driven strongly by projecting outside the range of current data. Summary results obtained using the proposed approach are similar in magnitude to those obtained using conventional methods, although estimates of radiation‐related excess cancers differ for many age, sex, and dose groups. At low doses relevant to typical exposures, the strength of evidence in data is surprisingly weak. Statements regarding human health effects at low doses rely strongly on the use of modeling assumptions.
Sensitivity of Treatment Recommendations to Bias in Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Phillippo David M. , Dias Sofia , Ades A. E. , Didelez Vanessa , Welton Nicky J. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryNetwork meta-analysis (NMA) pools evidence on multiple treatments to estimate relative treatment effects. Included studies are typically assessed for risk of bias; however, this provides no indication of the impact of potential bias on a decision based on the NMA. We propose methods to derive bias adjustment thresholds which measure the smallest changes to the data that result in a change of treatment decision. The methods use efficient matrix operations and can be applied to explore the consequences of bias in individual studies or aggregate treatment contrasts, in both fixed and random-effects NMA models. Complex models with multiple types of data input are handled by using an approximation to the hypothetical aggregate likelihood. The methods are illustrated with a simple NMA of thrombolytic treatments and a more complex example comparing social anxiety interventions. An accompanying R package is provided.
Influence of the quality of life and locus of control of mothers of disabled children on the oral health of their children
Authors: Barros Raquel Maria de Castro Soares de , Possobon Rosana de Fátima , Melo Estêvão Azevedo , Probst Livia Fernandes , Guerra Luciane Miranda , Cortellazzi Karine Laura , Ambrosano Gláucia Maria Bovi 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTAimTo investigate whether quality of life of mothers is related to oral health of disabled children.MethodThis is an analytical cross‐sectional study, based on interviews with 49 mothers and oral clinical examination (DMFT and OHI‐S) in children with disabilities from 2 to 6 years old, assisted by the Rehabilitation Center of Piracicaba, SP. Mothers answered WHOQOL BREF quality of life instrument and Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale. Data analysis was performed with descriptive statistics, Chi‐square test, Fisher's exact test, and multiple logistic regression.ResultMost children of the sample were aged from 37 to 48 months (40.81%) and presented neuropsychomotor development delay. Mothers reported (55.1%) that their interference in the health/illness of their children was a fortuitous process. The social relationships domain of WHOQOL BREF presented significant association (p = 0.0404) with DMFT index.ConclusionWe observed that quality of life of mothers can interfere in oral health of children, regarding social relationships.
A novel finding of oligodontia and ankyloglossia in a 14‐year‐old with Floating‐Harbor syndrome
Authors: Singh Akshara , Bhatia Hind Pal , Sood Shveta , Sharma Naresh , Mohan Amit 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTFloating‐Harbor syndrome (FHS) is a rare genetic condition characterized by distinct facial features, short stature and delayed skeletal development. Here we present case of a 14‐year‐old boy with short stature, typical facial features, impaired voice quality, clinodactyly, cryptorchidism and unilateral agenesis of kidney. In addition he had oligodontia and ankyloglossia with features suggestive of FHS. Treatment rendered was restoration of caries, application of pit and fissure sealants followed by frenectomy. The purpose of this report is to highlight the oral developmental anomalies and the management of a patient with FHS and to add to the current knowledge of the literature on this syndrome.
HexASCII: A file format for cartographical hexagonal rasters
Authors: de Sousa Luís Moreira , Leitão João Paulo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHexagonal segmentations of space have long been known for their advantages vis à vis squared partitions in discretizing spatial variables, be it natural phenomena or human‐related features. However, readily available and easy‐to‐use tools to manipulate and interact with hexagonal rasters remain widely unavailable today. This article presents a first step to enable the use of hexagonal rasters in the GIS field. A format to encode cartographical hexagonal meshes as simple ASCII files is specified through a context‐free grammar. Named HexASCII, this file format provides a simple means of storing and sharing such rasters. A set of simple tools based on the HexASCII format is presented, allowing their creation and basic interaction with traditional GIS software.
A geoprivacy manifesto
Authors: Keßler Carsten , McKenzie Grant 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAs location‐enabled technologies are becoming ubiquitous, our location is being shared with an ever‐growing number of external services. Issues revolving around location privacy—or geoprivacy—therefore concern the vast majority of the population, largely without knowing how the underlying technologies work and what can be inferred from an individual's location (especially if recorded over longer periods of time). Research, on the other hand, has largely treated this topic from isolated standpoints, most prominently from the technological and ethical points of view. This article therefore reflects upon the current state of geoprivacy from a broader perspective. It integrates technological, ethical, legal, and educational aspects and clarifies how they interact and shape how we deal with the corresponding technology, both individually and as a society. It does so in the form of a manifesto, consisting of 21 theses that summarize the main arguments made in the article. These theses argue that location information is different from other kinds of personal information and, in combination, show why geoprivacy (and privacy in general) needs to be protected and should not become a mere illusion. The fictional couple of Jane and Tom is used as a running example to illustrate how common it has become to share our location information, and how it can be used—both for good and for worse.
Whole‐exome sequencing of sickle cell disease patients with hyperhemolysis syndrome suggests a role for rare variation in disease predisposition
Authors: Mwesigwa Savannah , Moulds Joann M. , Chen Alice , Flanagan Jonathan , Sheehan Vivien A. , George Alex , Hanchard Neil A. 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUNDHyperhemolysis syndrome (HHS) is an uncommon, but life‐threatening, transfusion‐related complication of red blood cell transfusion. HHS has predominantly been described in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) and is difficult to diagnose and treat. The pathogenesis of HHS, including its occurrence in only a subset of apparently susceptible individuals, is poorly understood. We undertook whole‐exome sequencing (WES) of 12 SCD‐HHS patients to identify shared genetic variants that might be relevant to the development of HHS.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSDNA from adults with SCD having at least one previous episode of HHS were subject to WES. High‐quality variants were passed through a series of bioinformatics filters to identify variants that were uncommon among African populations represented in public databases. Recurrent, putative loss‐of‐function variants occurring in biologically plausible genes were prioritized and then genotyped in a larger, ancestry‐matched cohort of non‐HHS controls.RESULTSA rare, heterozygous stop‐gain variant (p.Glu210Ter) in MBL2 was significantly enriched among HHS cases (p = 0.002). This variant is predicted to result in a premature termination codon that escapes nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay, potentially leading to a novel phenotype. We also observed a complex insertion‐deletion variant in the final exon of KLRC3 that was enriched among cases (p = 0.0019), although neither variant was found among seven pediatric SCD‐HHS patients.CONCLUSIONOur results suggest a potential role for rare genetic defects in the development of HHS among adult SCD patients. Such enriched variants may ultimately be useful for identifying high‐risk individuals and informing therapeutic approaches in HHS.
Distribution of cardiac sodium channels in clusters potentiates ephaptic interactions in the intercalated disc
Authors: Hichri Echrak , Abriel Hugues , Kucera Jan P. 
Published: December 2017

Key points
It has been proposed that ephaptic conduction, relying on interactions between the sodium (Na+) current and the extracellular potential in intercalated discs, might contribute to cardiac conduction when gap junctional coupling is reduced, but this mechanism is still controversial.
In intercalated discs, Na+ channels form clusters near gap junction plaques, but the functional significance of these clusters has never been evaluated.
In HEK cells expressing cardiac Na+ channels, we show that restricting the extracellular space modulates the Na+ current, as predicted by corresponding simulations accounting for ephaptic effects.
In a high‐resolution model of the intercalated disc, clusters of Na+ channels that face each other across the intercellular cleft facilitate ephaptic impulse transmission when gap junctional coupling is reduced.
Thus, our simulations reveal a functional role for the clustering of Na+ channels in intercalated discs, and suggest that rearrangement of these clusters in disease may influence cardiac conduction.
AbstractIt has been proposed that ephaptic interactions in intercalated discs, mediated by extracellular potentials, contribute to cardiac impulse propagation when gap junctional coupling is reduced. However, experiments demonstrating ephaptic effects on the cardiac Na+ current (INa) are scarce. Furthermore, Na+ channels form clusters around gap junction plaques, but the electrophysiological significance of these clusters has never been investigated. In patch clamp experiments with HEK cells stably expressing human Nav1.5 channels, we examined how restricting the extracellular space modulates INa elicited by an activation protocol. In parallel, we developed a high‐resolution computer model of the intercalated disc to investigate how the distribution of Na+ channels influences ephaptic interactions. Approaching the HEK cells to a non‐conducting obstacle always increased peak INa at step potentials near the threshold of INa activation and decreased peak INa at step potentials far above threshold (7 cells, P = 0.0156, Wilcoxon signed rank test). These effects were consistent with corresponding control simulations with a uniform Na+ channel distribution. In the intercalated disc computer model, redistributing the Na+ channels into a central cluster of the disc potentiated ephaptic effects. Moreover, ephaptic impulse transmission from one cell to another was facilitated by clusters of Na+ channels facing each other across the intercellular cleft when gap junctional coupling was reduced. In conclusion, our proof‐of‐principle experiments demonstrate that confining the extracellular space modulates cardiac INa, and our simulations reveal the functional role of the aggregation of Na+ channels in the perinexus. These findings highlight novel concepts in the physiology of cardiac excitation.
Diagnostic Assay Development for Poliovirus Eradication
Authors: Gerloff Nancy , Sun Hong , Mandelbaum Mark , Maher Chelsea , Nix W. Allan , Zaidi Sohail , Shaukat Shahzad , Seakamela Lerato , Nalavade Uma P. , Sharma Deepa K. , Oberste M. Steven , Vega Everardo 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
With poliovirus eradication nearing, few pockets of active wild poliovirus (WPV) transmission remain in the world. Intratypic differentiation (ITD) plays a crucial part in laboratory surveillance as the molecular detection method that can identify and distinguish wild and vaccine-like polioviruses isolated from acute flaccid paralysis cases or environmental sources. The need to detect new variants of WPV serotype 1 (WPV1) and the containment of all serotype 2 polioviruses (PV2) in 2015 required changes to the previous version of the method. The ITD version 5.0 is a set of six real-time reverse transcription-PCR (rRT-PCR) assays that serve as accurate diagnostic tools to easily detect and differentiate PV serotypes and genotypes. We describe the creation and properties of quantitation standards, including 16 control RNA transcripts and nine plaque-isolated viruses. All ITD rRT-PCR assays were validated using these standards, and the limits of detection were determined for each assay. We designed and pilot tested two new assays targeting recently circulating WPV1 genotypes and all PV2 viruses. The WPV1 assay had 99.1% specificity and 100% sensitivity, and the PV2 assay had 97.7% specificity and 92% sensitivity. Before proceeding to the next step in the global poliovirus eradication program, we needed to gain a better understanding of the performance of the ITD 5.0 suite of molecular assays and their limits of detection and specificities. The findings and conclusions in this evaluation serve as building blocks for future development work.