bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Analysis of Hydrogen-Enriched Natural Gas on Combustion and Emission Characteristics
Authors: Nosek Radovan , Zvada Branislav , Ďurčanský Peter , Čajová Kantová Nikola , Mičko Pavol 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe integration of hydrogen into natural gas infrastructure presents a viable strategy for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and advancing toward carbon neutrality. This study investigates the combustion characteristics and emissions profiles of hydrogen-enriched natural gas mixtures, specifically focusing on the composition of Russian pipeline natural gas. A comprehensive mathematical model was developed to predict emission concentrations and simulate fuel mixture combustion using MATLAB Simulink software. This versatile model facilitates further analysis within the MATLAB ecosystem. The simulation results demonstrate a significant correlation between the hydrogen content in the natural gas mixture and the resulting heat power output. With a constant fuel consumption rate, a notable decrease in heat power was observed as the hydrogen concentration increased, reaching a maximum reduction of 44.9% at a 45% hydrogen content. These findings underscore the feasibility of partially substituting natural gas with hydrogen, while also highlighting the necessity for increased fuel flow rates to maintain equivalent power output levels. This poses additional challenges for natural gas grid operators, necessitating infrastructure adaptations to accommodate higher fuel demands. The insights gained from this research contribute to the growing body of knowledge surrounding hydrogen integration in the energy sector, offering valuable implications for decarbonization strategies and the optimization of natural gas infrastructure.
Easy to fabricate 3D metastructure for low-frequency vibration control
Authors: Gulzari Muhammad , Ciochon Agnieszka , Kennedy John 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAs a burgeoning category of elastic metamaterials, 3D metastructures have garnered significant research attention for manipulating low-frequency acoustic and elastic waves. Bandgap engineering allows for the control of these waves across a subwavelength ultrawide frequency range. However, the manufacturing of these 3D structures poses a challenge, necessitating additional support materials for 3D-printed components, creating difficulties in mass production. In this study, we propose a novel lightweight 3D metastructure design that is easy to fabricate and provides a low-frequency subwavelength bandgap. We replaced conventional struts supporting heavy mass inclusions in typical designs with modified arch beams. This structural modification enables the easy and self-supporting manufacturing of 3D metastructure unit cells without the need for extra support material. Utilizing magnets and steel masses with bolts as hard inclusions, the magnet facilitates the quick assembly of the 3D metastructure, potentially facilitating mass manufacturing in practical applications. The wave dispersion and bandgap properties of the metastructure are investigated numerically, and experimental vibration tests are performed on the 3D-printed and assembled parts. The experimental results and numerical findings demonstrate robust vibration attenuation at low frequencies by the proposed 3D metastructure. The suggested, easy-to-fabricate 3D-metastructure design holds potential applications in low-frequency elastic-wave manipulation, including noise and vibration control.
Listening Without a Listener – Understanding the Self and the Activity of Listening to Music Through Nishitani Keiji’ Philosophy
Authors: Kuusela Anttoni 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In our everyday life, music is taken as an object – an object that is helpful in one sense or the other: Music can help alleviate sadness, lift the mood if life seems a bit dull, or enhance an already great atmosphere. In other words, music is often approached as an instrument of so-called affective scaffolding. Yet music is more than an instrument which can be used to gain desired affective states. In the present paper, the possibility of an experience of listening without a listener is examined – that is, an experience where music is not separated from one’s self into an instrument, into an external object. The analysis of listening without a listener carried out here will be based on Nishitani Keiji’s philosophy of emptiness. Additionally, I will critically employ the concept of affective scaffolding and elaborate the possibility of listening without a listener in relation to this concept. The aim of this paper is to show that there are hidden depths in our relation to music, which are obscured by taking music as an object and by approaching it instrumentally. Further, it will be argued that by illuminating these hidden depths we can, moreover, understand ourselves more deeply, to reveal the empty nature of our selves.
Characteristics of Precipitation and Mesoscale Convective Systems Over the Peruvian Central Andes in Multi 5‐Year Convection‐Permitting Simulations
Authors: Huang Yongjie , Xue Ming , Hu Xiao‐Ming , Martin Elinor , Novoa Hector Mayol , McPherson Renee A. , Liu Changhai , Ikeda Kyoko , Rasmussen Roy , Prein Andreas F. , Perez Andres Vitaliano , Morales Isaac Yanqui , Ticona Jara José Luis , Flores Luna Auria Julieta 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUsing the Weather Research and Forecasting model with two planetary boundary layer schemes, ACM2 and MYNN, convection‐permitting model (CPM) regional climate simulations were conducted for a 6‐year period, including a one‐year spin‐up period, at a 15‐km grid spacing covering entire South America and a nested convection‐permitting 3‐km grid spacing covering the Peruvian central Andes region. These two CPM simulations along with a 4‐km simulation covering South America produced by National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), three gridded precipitation products, and rain gauge data in Peru and Brazil, are used to document the characteristics of precipitation and mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) in the Peruvian central Andes region. Results show that all km‐scale simulations generally capture the spatiotemporal patterns of precipitation and MCSs at both seasonal and diurnal scales, although biases exist in aspects such as precipitation intensity and MCS frequency, size, propagation speed, and associated precipitation intensity. The 3‐km simulation using MYNN scheme generally outperforms the other simulations in capturing seasonal and diurnal precipitation over the mountain, while both it and the 4‐km simulation demonstrate superior performance in the western Amazon Basin, based on the comparison to the gridded precipitation products and gauge data. Dynamic factors, primarily low‐level jet and terrain‐induced uplift, are the key drivers for precipitation and MCS genesis along the east slope of the Andes, while thermodynamic factors control the precipitation and MCS activity in the western Amazon Basin and over elevated mountainous regions. The study suggests model improvements and better model configurations for future regional climate projections.
Updated OMI Glyoxal Column Measurements Using Collection 4 Level 1B Radiances
Authors: Kwon Hyeong‐Ahn , González Abad Gonzalo , Chan Miller Christopher , Hall Kirsten R. , Nowlan Caroline R. , O’Sullivan Ewan , Wang Huiqun , Chong Heesung , Ayazpour Zolal , Liu Xiong , Chance Kelly 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study presents new glyoxal (CHOCHO) products from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) by utilizing updated level 1B irradiance/radiance data (Collection 4) and an updated glyoxal retrieval algorithm. The adoption of Collection 4 contributes to the reduction of artificial signals in differential glyoxal slant column densities (dSCDs) and improved fitting root mean square, and the updated retrieval settings result in fewer negative values of glyoxal dSCDs over oceans and less noisy dSCDs in the South Atlantic Anomaly. On‐line calculations of air mass factors consider interactive physical processes between input parameters. To address persistent trends in glyoxal SCDs over the Pacific Ocean that remain despite these updates, a trend correction is implemented. We evaluate the updated OMI glyoxal products using inter‐comparisons with GOME‐2A/2B glyoxal products. OMI glyoxal products exhibit good spatial and temporal agreement with GOME‐2A/2B, with correlation coefficients of 0.75–0.78 globally and 0.84–0.85 over source regions. Small biases are observed in OMI glyoxal vertical column densities, ranging from −0.2 ± 5.7% to 9 ± 3% in low and high glyoxal conditions, respectively, against GOME‐2A/2B. These advancements contribute to the reliability and accuracy of OMI glyoxal products, enhancing their utility for atmospheric studies and enabling a 20‐year‐long data record suitable for climate studies.
Indian Ocean Acidification and Its Driving Mechanisms Over the Last Four Decades (1980–2019)
Authors: Chakraborty Kunal , Joshi A. P. , Ghoshal Prasanna Kanti , Baduru Balaji , Valsala Vinu , Sarma V. V. S. S. , Metzl Nicolas , Gehlen Marion , Chevallier Frédéric , Lo Monaco Claire 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper aims to study the changes in the Indian Ocean seawater pH in response to the changes in sea‐surface temperature, sea‐surface salinity, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and total alkalinity (ALK) over the period 1980–2019 and its driving mechanisms using a high‐resolution regional model outputs. The analysis indicates that the rate of change of declining pH in the Arabian Sea (AS), the Bay of Bengal (BoB), and the Equatorial Indian Ocean (EIO) is −0.014 0.002, −0.014 0.001, and −0.015 0.001 unit dec−1, respectively. Both in AS and BoB (EIO), the highest (lowest) decadal DIC trend is found during 2000–2009. The surface acidification rate has accelerated throughout the IO region during 2010–2019 compared to the previous decades. Further, our analysis indicates that El Ninõ and positive Indian Ocean Dipole events lead to an enhancement of the Indian Ocean acidification. The increasing anthropogenic CO2 uptake by the ocean dominantly controls 80% (94.5% and 85.7%) of the net pH trend (1980–2019) in AS (BoB and EIO), whereas ocean warming controls 14.4% (13.4% and 7.0%) of pH trends in AS (BoB and EIO). The changes in ALK contribute to enhancing the pH trend of AS by 5.0%. ALK dominates after DIC in the EIO and, similar to the AS, contributes to increasing the negative pH trend by 10.7%. In contrast, it has a buffering effect in the BoB, suppressing the pH trend by −5.4%.
Evidence of a New Population of Weak Terrestrial Gamma‐Ray Flashes Observed From Aircraft Altitude
Authors: Bjørge‐Engeland I. , Østgaard N. , Sarria D. , Marisaldi M. , Mezentsev A. , Fuglestad A. , Lehtinen N. , Grove J. E. , Shy D. , Lang T. , Quick M. , Christian H. , Schultz C. , Blakeslee R. , Adams I. , Kroodsma R. , Heymsfield G. , Ullaland K. , Yang S. , Qureshi B. Hasan , Søndergaard J. , Husa B. , Walker D. , Bateman M. , Mach D. , Bitzer P. , Fullekrug M. , Cohen M. , Stanley M. , Cummer S. , Montanya J. , Pazos M. , Velosa C. , van der Velde O. , Pu Y. , Krehbiel P. , Roncancio J. A. , Lopez J. A. , Urbani M. , Santos A. , Neubert T. , Gordillo‐Vazquez F. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTerrestrial Gamma‐ray Flashes (TGFs) are ten‐to‐hundreds of microsecond bursts of gamma‐rays produced when electrons in strong electric fields in thunderclouds are accelerated to relativistic energies. Space instruments have observed TGFs with source photon brightness down to ∼1017–1016. Based on space and aircraft observations, TGFs have been considered rare phenomena produced in association with very few lightning discharges. Space observations associated with lightning ground observations in the radio band have indicated that there exists a population of dimmer TGFs. Here we show observations of TGFs from aircraft altitude that were not detected by a space instrument viewing the same area. The TGFs were found through Monte Carlo modeling to be associated with 1015–1012 photons at source, which is several orders of magnitude below what can be seen from space. Our results suggest that there exists a significant population of TGFs that are too weak to be observed from space.
Submicron Organic Aerosol Types in the Summertime Arctic: Mixing State, Geographic Distribution, and Drivers
Authors: Su Bojiang , Zhang Guohua , Song Congbo , Liang Yue , Wang Longqun , Li Lei , Zhou Zhen , Yan Jinpei , Wang Xinming , Bi Xinhui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDuring the 2017 summertime Arctic cruise observation campaigns, we measured over 290,000 individual submicron particles and clustered them into two inorganic classes (dominated by sea salt, accounting for 38.6% by number fraction) and five organic classes (dominated by natural and anthropogenic organics, 61.4%), presenting a distinct difference in geographic distribution. In the high Arctic and marginal ice zone (81.1–84.6°N) compared with the low Arctic (Chukchi Sea, Svalbard, and Iceland, <80°N), ocean‐derived organic aerosols were more prevalent (73.6% vs. 37.1%). Specifically, we found sharp contrasts in the geographic distributions of OC‐Ca (organics internally mixed with calcium, 29.0% vs. 9.4%) and OC‐S (organics internally mixed with sulfate, 3.2% vs. 21.4%). Utilizing an explainable machine learning technique, we inferred that OC‐Ca was driven by wind‐blown sea ice and/or sea ice floes and/or bubble bursting within sea ice leads under low wind speed conditions in the high Arctic, while OC‐S tended to associate with elemental carbon, sulfate, and higher temperatures, potentially originating from combustion emissions at low latitude regions.
Health-related quality of life at 5 years of age for children born very preterm with congenital anomalies: a multi-national cohort study
Authors: Kim Sung Wook , Tian Xiaoyu , Andronis Lazaros , Maier Rolf F. , Varendi Heili , Seppänen Anna-Veera , Siljehav Veronica , Draper Elizabeth S. , Zeitlin Jennifer , Petrou Stavros ,   On behalf of the SHIPS Research Group,   Belgium, Lebeer J. , Van Reempts P. , Bruneel E. , Cloet E. , Oostra A. , Ortibus E. , Sarrechia I. ,   Denmark, Boerch K. , Pedersen P. ,   Estonia, Toome L. , Varendi H. , Männamaa M. ,   France, Ancel P. Y. , Burguet A. , Jarreau P. H. , Pierrat V. , Truffert P. ,   Germany, Maier R. F. , Zemlin M. , Misselwitz B. , Wohlers L. ,   Italy, Cuttini M. , Croci I. , Carnielli V. , Ancora G. , Faldella G. , Ferrari F. ,   The Netherlands, Koopman-Esseboom C. ,   Poland, Gadzinowski J. , Mazela J. , Montgomery A. , Pikuła T. ,   Portugal, Barros H. , Costa R. , Rodrigues C. ,   Sweden, Aden U. ,   United Kingdom, Draper E. S. , Fenton A. , Johnson S. J. ,   EFCNI, Mader S. , Thiele N. , Pfeil J. M. ,   Health Economics team, Petrou S. , Kim S. W. , Andronis L. ,   Inserm Coordination, Zeitlin J. , Aubert A. M. , Bonnet C. , El Rafei R. , Seppänen A. V. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to investigate the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) at 5 years of age of European children born very preterm across multi-dimensional outcomes by presence and severity of congenital anomalies.

Methods
The study used data from a European cohort of children born very preterm (<32 weeks of gestation) and followed up to 5 years of age (N = 3493). Multilevel Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression were used to explore the associations between the presence and severity of congenital anomalies.

Results
The mean total PedsQL™ GCS score for children with a mild congenital anomaly was lower than the respective value for children without a congenital anomaly by 3.7 points (p < 0.05), controlling for socioeconomic variables only; this effect was attenuated when accumulatively adjusting for perinatal characteristics (3.3 points (p < 0.05)) and neonatal morbidities (3.1 (p < 0.05)). The mean total PedsQL™ GCS scores for children who had a severe congenital anomaly were lower by 7.1 points (p < 0.001), 6.6 points (p < 0.001) and 6.0 points (p < 0.001) when accumulatively adjusting for socioeconomic, perinatal and neonatal variables, respectively.

Conclusion
This study revealed that the presence and severity of congenital anomalies are significant predictors of HRQoL outcomes in children born very preterm.

Impact

Children born very preterm with congenital anomalies experience poorer health-related quality of life (HRQoL) than their very preterm counterparts born without congenital anomalies.

Increased severity of these anomalies compounds the negative impacts on HRQoL.

Our findings can be used by stakeholders for clinical and planning purposes.
Evolutionary dynamics of the successful expansion of pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus ST3 in Latin America
Authors: Campbell Amy Marie , Gavilan Ronnie G. , Abanto Marin Michel , Yang Chao , Hauton Chris , van Aerle Ronny , Martinez-Urtaza Jaime 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe underlying evolutionary mechanisms driving global expansions of pathogen strains are poorly understood. Vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of only two marine pathogens where variants have emerged in distinct climates globally. The success of a Vibrio parahaemolyticus clone (VpST3) in Latin America- the first spread identified outside its endemic region of tropical Asia- provided an invaluable opportunity to investigate mechanisms of VpST3 expansion into a distinct marine climate. A global collection of VpST3 isolates and novel Latin American isolates were used for evolutionary population genomics, pangenome analysis and combined with oceanic climate data. We found a VpST3 population (LatAm-VpST3) introduced in Latin America well before the emergence of this clone in India, previously considered the onset of the VpST3 epidemic. LatAm-VpST3 underwent successful adaptation to local conditions over its evolutionary divergence from Asian VpST3 isolates, to become dominant in Latin America. Selection signatures were found in genes providing resilience to the distinct marine climate. Core genome mutations and accessory gene presences that promoted survival over long dispersals or increased environmental fitness were associated with environmental conditions. These results provide novel insights into the global expansion of this successful V. parahaemolyticus clone into regions with different climate scenarios.
Ambient-pressure alkoxycarbonylation for sustainable synthesis of ester
Authors: Zhang Bin , Yuan Haiyang , Liu Ye , Deng Zijie , Douthwaite Mark , Dummer Nicholas F. , Lewis Richard J. , Liu Xingwu , Luan Sen , Dong Minghua , Wang Tianjiao , Xu Qingling , Zhao Zhijuan , Liu Huizhen , Han Buxing , Hutchings Graham J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAlkoxycarbonylation reactions are common in the chemical industry, yet process sustainability is limited by the inefficient utilization of CO. In this study, we address this issue and demonstrate that significant improvements can be achieved by adopting a heterogeneously catalyzed process, using a Ru/NbOx catalyst. The Ru/NbOx catalyst enables the direct synthesis of methyl propionate, a key industrial commodity, with over 98% selectivity from CO, ethylene and methanol, without any ligands or acid/base promoters. Under ambient CO pressure, a high CO utilization efficiency (336 mmolestermolCO−1h−1) is achieved. Mechanistic investigations reveal that CO undergoes a methoxycarbonyl (COOCH3) intermediate pathway, attacking the terminal carbon atom of alkene and yielding linear esters. The origins of prevailing linear regioselectivity in esters are revealed. The infrared spectroscopic feature of the key COOCH3 species is observed at 1750 cm−1 (C=O vibration) both experimentally and computationally. The broad substrate applicability of Ru/NbOx catalyst for ester production is demonstrated. This process offers a sustainable and efficient approach with high CO utilization and atom economy for the synthesis of esters.
Progress on the research and development of plague vaccines with a call to action
Authors: Williamson E. Diane , Kilgore Paul B. , Hendrix Emily K. , Neil Blake H. , Sha Jian , Chopra Ashok K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThere is a compelling demand for approved plague vaccines due to the endemicity ofYersinia pestisand its potential for pandemic spread. Whilst substantial progress has been made, we recommend that the global funding and health security systems should work urgently to translate some of the efficacious vaccines reviewed herein to expedite clinical development and to prevent future disastrous plague outbreaks, particularly caused by antimicrobial resistantY. pestisstrains.Content includes material subject to Crown Copyright © 2024.This is an open access article under the Open Government License (http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/).
Comparative genomics reveal a novel phylotaxonomic order in the genus Fusobacterium
Authors: Molteni Cristian , Forni Diego , Cagliani Rachele , Sironi Manuela 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Fusobacteria have been associated to different diseases, including colorectal cancer (CRC), but knowledge of which taxonomic groups contribute to specific conditions is incomplete. We analyzed the genetic diversity and relationships within the Fusobacterium genus. We report recent and ancestral recombination in core genes, indicating that fusobacteria have mosaic genomes and emphasizing that taxonomic demarcation should not rely on single genes/gene regions. Across databases, we found ample evidence of species miss-classification and of undescribed species, which are both expected to complicate disease association. By focusing on a lineage that includes F. periodonticum/pseudoperiodonticum and F. nucleatum, we show that genomes belong to four modern populations, but most known species/subspecies emerged from individual ancestral populations. Of these, the F. periodonticum/pseudoperiodonticum population experienced the lowest drift and displays the highest genetic diversity, in line with the less specialized distribution of these bacteria in oral sites. A highly drifted ancestral population instead contributed genetic ancestry to a new species, which includes genomes classified within the F. nucleatum animalis diversity in a recent CRC study. Thus, evidence herein calls for further evolutionary and phylogenomic analyses based on more Flavobacterium nucleatum genome sequences. More generally, our data inform future molecular profiling approaches to investigate the epidemiology of Fusobacterium-associated diseases.
Moderate and high-temperature metamorphic conditions produced diverse phosphorous species for the origin of life
Authors: Baidya Abu Saeed , Pasek Matthew Adam , Stüeken Eva E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLow solubility and low reactivity towards organic compounds make phosphorus a problematic element for the origin and early evolution of life. Reduced and polymerized phosphorus species are more bioavailable and may resolve these issues, but widespread formation pathways for these species are not well understood. Here we show, using experiments and thermodynamic modelling, that diverse polyphosphates (straight-chains with up to five and cyclophosphates with three and four phosphate molecules) and reduced phosphite can form under ferruginous anhydrous conditions at 80-700 °C. We find that hydrogen and temperature enhance phosphite production while polyphosphate formation maximizes at moderate temperatures (175-200 °C). Chromite and Nickel-bearing minerals enhance phosphate polymerization and reduction whereas magnetite inhibits them. These findings expand on previous investigations of thermally induced changes in phosphorus-speciation and show that these reactions may be widespread in nature. Metamorphism of ferruginous sediments, serpentinization, as well as subaerial lakes exposed to volcanic heating could potentially produce a wealth of polyphosphates along with phosphite on the early Earth. Later, these species may have participated in prebiotic phosphorylation reactions upon liberation by subsequent fluid infiltration. Our results thus offer a more widespread pathway for the generation of reactive phosphorus for the origin of life.