bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding risk: what makes a risk assessment successful?
Authors: Murnane Richard , Simpson Alanna , Jongman Brenden 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
Understanding risk is more than just modeling risk; it requires an understanding of the development and social processes that underlie and drive the generation of disaster risk. Here, in addition to a review of more technical factors, this paper aims to discuss a variety of institutional, social and political considerations that must be managed for the results of a risk assessment to influence actions that lead to reductions in natural hazard risk.

Design/methodology/approach
The technical approaches and the institutional, social and political considerations covered in this paper are based on a wide range of experiences gleaned from case studies that touch on a variety of activities related to assessing the risks and impacts of natural hazards, and from the activities of the World Bank’s Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery.

Findings
Risk information provides a critical foundation for managing disaster risk across a wide range of sectors. Appropriate communication of robust risk information at the right time can raise awareness and trigger action to reduce risk. Communicating this information in a way that triggers action requires an understanding of the developments and social processes that underlie and drive the generation of risk, as well as of the wider Disaster Risk Management (DRM) decision-making context.

Practical implications
Prior to the initiation of a quantitative risk assessment one should clearly define why an assessment is needed and wanted, the information gaps that currently prevent effective DRM actions and the end-users of the risk information. This requires developing trust through communication among the scientists and engineers performing the risk assessment and the decision-makers, authorities, communities and other intended users of the information developed through the assessment.

Originality/value
This paper summarizes the technical components of a risk assessment as well as the institutional, social and political considerations that should be considered to maximize the probability of successfully reducing the risk defined by a risk assessment.
Queueing management and improving customer experience: empirical evidence regarding enjoyable queues
Authors: Liang Chih-Chin 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this study is that service sectors sectors create queues intentionally as a promotional strategy. Potential buyers might become actual customers after witnessing and joining queues. However, the effectiveness of company promotional activities involving queues remains unclear. Despite the innovativeness of this marketing strategy, few companies have adopted this approach, owing to the lack of research on how waiting influences customer behaviors toward waiting in queues.

Design/methodology/approach
Therefore, this study identifies four factors of customer willingness to stand in a queue using questionnaire survey: company promotional activities, improvement of waiting environment, company’ reactions to the queue and customers’ perceptions regarding waiting time.

Findings
This study identifies causal relationships among the aforementioned factors. The results of this investigation reveal that a company’s promotional activities significantly and indirectly reduce customers’ perceived waiting time by improving the waiting environment. Analytical results also show that a company’s queuing management can indirectly reduce customers’ perceived waiting time by improving the waiting environment.

Originality/value
Based on the analytical results concerning causal relationships, improving the waiting environment is critical to affecting positively customers’ perceptions regarding waiting time. Queuing management can indirectly reduce customers’ perceived waiting time by improving the waiting environment. A company’s promotional activities can indirectly reduce customers’ perceived waiting time by improving the waiting environment. Customers who enjoy both the waiting environment and the promotional activities experience much shorter perceived waiting time.
Lethal Epistaxis
Authors: Byard Roger W. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractEpistaxis or nosebleed refers to bleeding from the nostrils, nasal cavity, or nasopharynx. Occasional cases may present with torrential lethal hemorrhage. Three cases are reported to demonstrate particular features: Case 1: A 51‐year‐old woman with lethal epistaxis with no obvious bleeding source; Case 2: A 77‐year‐old man with treated nasopharyngeal carcinoma who died from epistaxis arising from a markedly neovascularized tumor bed; Case 3: A 2‐year‐old boy with hemophilia B who died from epistaxis with airway obstruction in addition to gastrointestinal bleeding. Epistaxis may be associated with trauma, tumors, vascular malformations, bleeding diatheses, infections, pregnancy, endometriosis, and a variety of different drugs. Careful dissection of the nasal cavity is required to locate the site of hemorrhage and to identify any predisposing conditions. This may be guided by postmortem computerized tomographic angiography (PCTA). Despite careful dissection, however, a source of bleeding may never be identified.
Clinical and Research Considerations for Patients With Hypertensive Acute Heart Failure: A Consensus Statement from the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine and the Heart Failure Society of America Acute Heart Failure Working Group
Authors: Collins Sean P. , Levy Phillip D. , Martindale Jennifer L. , Dunlap Mark E. , Storrow Alan B. , Pang Peter S. , Albert Nancy M. , Felker G. Michael , Fermann Gregory J. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Givertz Michael M. , Hollander Judd E. , Lanfear David E. , Lenihan Daniel J. , Lindenfeld JoAnn M. , Peacock W. Frank , Sawyer Douglas B. , Teerlink John R. , Butler Javed 
Published: June 2016

AbstractManagement approaches for patients in the emergency department (ED) who present with acute heart failure (AHF) have largely focused on intravenous diuretics. Yet, the primary pathophysiologic derangement underlying AHF in many patients is not solely volume overload. Patients with hypertensive AHF (H‐AHF) represent a clinical phenotype with distinct pathophysiologic mechanisms that result in elevated ventricular filling pressures. To optimize treatment response and minimize adverse events in this subgroup, we propose that clinical management be tailored to a conceptual model of disease that is based on these mechanisms. This consensus statement reviews the relevant pathophysiology, clinical characteristics, approach to therapy, and considerations for clinical trials in ED patients with H‐AHF.
Predictors of surgical approach for the management of renal cell carcinoma: a population‐based study from New South Wales
Authors: Patel Manish I. , Strahan Stephen , Bang Albert , Vass Justin , Smith David P. 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundThe simultaneous adoption of laparoscopy and partial nephrectomy (PN) has been reported to result in unintended consequences. We aim to examine the contemporary (2001–2009) trends in use of PN and laparoscopy within a population‐wide database.MethodsAll renal cell carcinomas diagnosed between 2001 and 2009 in New South Wales, Australia, were identified from the Central Cancer Registry. Records of treatment were electronically linked. All patients with localized renal cell carcinoma who underwent surgical treatment were selected for this study (3771 patients). Follow‐up was to the end of 2010. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine predictors of PN and laparoscopy.ResultsIn the entire cohort, 150 (4%), 495 (13%), 1516 (40%) and 1610 (43%) received laparoscopic PN, open PN, laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (RN) and open RN, respectively. Between the years 2001 and 2009, there was a gradual increase in the use of PN except between 2005 and 2007. Between 2001 and 2009, a rapid uptake of laparoscopy was observed. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that age (OR: 0.99 (0.98–0.99)), year of surgery (OR: 1.15 (1.11–1.19)), comorbidity (OR: 1.40 (1.12–1.76)) and hospital case load >8/year (OR: 2.39 (1.49–3.81)) predicted use of PN. Year of surgery (OR: 1.19 (1.15–1.21)), comorbidity (OR: 0.70 (0.58–0.85)), non‐teaching hospital (OR: 0.70 (0.53–0.93)), private hospital (OR: 1.86 (1.45–2.38)) and hospital case load > 8/year (OR: 3.36 (2.22–5.09)) predicted use of laparoscopy.ConclusionThe unintended decrease in PN associated with increased use of laparoscopic RN had reversed by 2009. Hospital case load predicts the use of PN and laparoscopy.
Is a family‐centred initiative a family‐centred service? A case of a Conductive Education setting for children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Schenker R. , Parush S. , Rosenbaum P. , Rigbi A. , Yochman A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundFrom the moment a child is diagnosed as having cerebral palsy, families have to cope on a daily basis with the multifaceted challenges of life‐long disability management. Family‐centred service is embraced as a ‘best practice’ model because of accumulating evidence supporting its positive influence on parents and children's outcomes. Nevertheless, research comparing parent and provider perspectives on family‐centred practices of educational service providers in education settings is scarce. The aims of this study were to compare the extent to which parents and conductors experience the service delivery in Tsad Kadima, the Association for Conductive Education in Israel, as being family‐centred, as well as comparing parents’ perception of different educational settings as being family‐centred.MethodsMeasurements of family‐centeredness, the Israeli Measure of Processes of Care for families (MPOC‐20) and for service providers (MPOC‐SP), were administrated to 38 teacher conductors and 83 families of children with cerebral palsy (aged 1–14), from different conductive educational settings.ResultsParents and conductors perceive Conductive Education service as being highly family centred in most domains, rating respectful and supportive care the highest and providing general information the lowest, thus indicating an area where improvements should be made. Parents perceived the service they receive to be more family‐centred than conductor's perception about their own activities. In addition, educational setting (day care, pre‐school and school) was found to be associated with parent's scores.ConclusionsThe current study, which is the first to examine family‐centred service provision in a conductive special education setting, from the perspectives of both parents and conductors, provides significant evidence for high‐quality services in these settings.
Associations between recurrent musculoskeletal pain and visits to the family doctor (GP) and specialist multi‐professional team in 74 Norwegian youth with cerebral palsy
Authors: Ramstad K. , Jahnsen R. , Diseth T. H. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundMusculoskeletal pain in cerebral palsy (CP) is common, but probably undertreated. The aim of the study was to explore if recurrent musculoskeletal pain (RMP) related to the CP condition was associated with visits to the family doctor [general practitioner (GP)] and specialist habilitation centre in youth with CP.MethodsSeventy‐four youth with CP (mean age 16.5 years, 40 boys) from the same geographical area were assessed by clinical examination, semi‐structured interview on pain (adolescent and parent together), the two questions on pain from the Child Health Questionnaire (parents only) and a structured interview on health care services. Gross Motor Function Classification System was level I 39%, level II 23%, level III 8% and levels IV and V 30%.ResultsThirty‐five participants (47%) had visited their GP last year, and 49 (66%) had visited the specialist habilitation centre. The presence of RMP (n = 58; 78%) was not significantly associated with having visited the GP or the specialist habilitation centre. Still, in participants with RMP, increasing pain severity was associated with having visited the GP. Rest, massage, change of position and oral drugs were the most common measures taken to relieve RMP. Three adolescents with RMP did not take any measures to relieve pain.ConclusionYouth with RMP do take measures to relieve pain, but usually not in the direction of consulting the health care services available unless the pain is severe. Both youth with CP and their caregivers should be encouraged to discuss RMP with their professional network of care.
Analysis of FOXL2 detects three novel mutations and an atypical phenotype of blepharophimosis‐ptosis‐epicanthus inversus syndrome
Authors: Krepelova Anna , Simandlova Martina , Vlckova Marketa , Kuthan Pavel , Vincent Andrea L , Liskova Petra 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundMutations in FOXL2 are known to cause autosomal dominant blepharophimosis‐ptosis‐epicanthus inversus syndrome (BPES), variably associated with premature ovarian failure. In this study, we report results of mutational screening in a Czech and Slovak patient population with BPES.DesignCase series.ParticipantsThirteen probands of Czech and one proband of Slovak origin with BPES and their available family members.MethodsSanger sequencing and multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification in 14 probands with BPES. Targeted mutational screening in first‐degree relatives.Main Outcome MeasuresGenetic characterization and phenotype evaluation in Czech and Slovak individuals with BPES and their family members.ResultsEight different mutations were detected including three novel ones: c.5T>G; p.(Met2Arg), c.197C>A; p.(Ala66Glu) and c.701_702insTGCAGCCGCAGCGGCTGCAGCAGCTGCGGCTGCAGCCGC; p.(Ala222_Ala234dup). In one family, the molecular genetic cause of disease was not identified by the methodology used. In 13 pedigrees, a negative family history suggested a de novo origin, which could be confirmed by targeted mutational screening in four families. One 62‐year‐old female with the c.663_692dup30 mutation had an atypical phenotype presenting as moderate ptosis compensated by frontalis muscle contraction, no epicanthus inversus and no premature ovarian failure.ConclusionsThe de novo mutation rate in FOXL2 is exceptionally high compared with other dominant disorders manifesting with an ocular phenotype. In cases reporting a negative family history, careful examination of both parents is important to exclude mild features of the BPES phenotype.
Are interventions supporting separated parents father inclusive? Insights and challenges from a review of programme implementation and impact
Authors: Philip Georgia , O'Brien Margaret 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis paper reviews divorce‐related parenting programmes, assessing the extent to which fathers are included and whether father inclusion influences outcomes. The paper also discusses limitations of the research evidence and implications for future intervention and evaluation design. Thirteen programmes met the criteria in the review period 2005–2012 but only four had been evaluated using randomized control trials or with independent measures from mothers and fathers. Analysis of these four programmes shows modest evidence of reduced couple‐conflict, improved coparenting and some evidence of improved child outcomes. Key issues raised are the need for improving the quantity and quality of demographic data about fathers; the importance of incorporating analysis by gender of parent into evaluation design and the value of developing and routinely using father‐related indicators to measure programme impact on men's parenting, fathering and co‐parental relationships.
Shrinking Spaces for the ‘Public’ in Contemporary Public Health
Authors: Qadeer Imrana , Baru Rama 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThis contribution joins the debate on the politics of global health, and specifically inequality in health. Focusing on three recent and pertinent reports, it examines two opposing perspectives for dealing with this inequality. Driven by the global financial crisis, one perspective attempts to validate the intervention of global capital through markets, technology and research funding in global health; it promotes a uniform model of universal health care based on medical care through insurances, public–private partnerships and a dominant private sector. The other perspective arises from the specific historical experiences of nation states in which health has been treated as a commodity. It highlights the negative impacts on global health of neoliberal reforms, such as reductions in welfare and increasing inequalities, and critiques the optimization of profits from health services, which undermines the government's role in health care. The article analyses the historical evolution of these perspectives and the two kinds of movements that emerged across the globe. Using the case of India, the authors argue that where neoliberalism prevails, health movements must link up with broader democratic and political movements that work for the realignment of structural inequalities and policy shifts for the well‐being of the majority.
Landscape function analysis to assess soil processes on farms following ecological restoration and changes in grazing management
Authors: Read Z. J. , King H. P. , Tongway D. J. , Ogilvy S. , Greene R. S. B. , Hand G. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThere is a global need for inexpensive tools for research and monitoring. Landscape function analysis (LFA) is a visual assessment procedure used to assess and monitor soil function rapidly from measurable soil surface characteristics. It uses 11 indicators of soil biogeochemical properties and processes, and generates three indices of soil function: soil stability, nutrient cycling and infiltration. These indices are strongly associated with the provision and regulation of ecosystem services such as soil retention, cycling of water and nutrients, carbon storage and biomass production. The LFA method can be used to quantify changes in soil function response to natural and anthropogenic disturbances such as variation in climate, changes in management practices and land‐use change. Our research assessed LFA for monitoring soil function on livestock farms with four different strategies for grazing management and ecological restoration. With LFA, we showed that (i) soil function returned when severely eroded claypans (scalds) were rehabilitated, (ii) grazing pressure had a greater effect on soil function than grazing regime, (iii) soil function improved with a programme of planned recovery grazing, (iv) soil function increased following afforestation of grazing land with native trees of mixed species and shrubs and (v) soil function responded to seasonal effects and cropping. Our results show that LFA is an effective research and monitoring tool for farm‐scale studies. The LFA method produces integrative indices for soil stability, infiltration and nutrient cycling, and provides information on soil function that can be used to guide both management decisions and soil sampling and analysis when more detailed and expensive soil research is justified.Highlights:We evaluate the effectiveness of LFA as a research and monitoring tool with four case studies.
We assess soil function in relation to its maximum potential within biogeochemical limits.
The LFA indices show differences in soil function with grazing management and ecological restoration.
The LFA method is an effective, rapid and inexpensive field research and monitoring tool.
Influence of residual thermal stresses on fatigue crack growth life of discontinuous reinforcements in metal matrix composites
Authors: Tevatia A , Srivastava S K 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe fatigue life prediction model based on crack propagation from micro‐structural features is derived and presented for planar and randomly oriented Discontinuous Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites (DRMMCs). The model contains the influence of micro‐structural properties such as aspect ratio, volume fraction of particle/fibre and constraint between particle and the matrix. The effect of residual thermal stresses generated within the matrix during development of composite is considered. The particle/fibre plays a dominant role in the development of the cyclic plastic zone size ahead of the crack tip; moreover, it enhances the cyclic plastic deformation characteristics of DRMMC. The theoretical model‐based evaluations for low cycle fatigue in DRMMCs are within the proximity of the experimental results.
Experimental investigation of local tensile and fracture resistance behaviour of dissimilar metal weld joint: SA508 Gr.3 Cl.1 and SA312 Type 304LN
Authors: Kumar S. , Singh P. K. , Karn K. N. , Bhasin V. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe aim of the paper is to evaluate the local tensile and fracture toughness properties of the dissimilar metal weld joints between SA508Gr.3 Cl.1 and SA312 Type 304LN pipe. Weld joints have been prepared by manual gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process with conventional V‐groove and automatic hot wire gas tungsten arc welding with narrow gap using different filler wires/electrode such as Inconel 82/Inconel 182 and ER309L/ER308L. The tensile and fracture toughness test specimens have been machined from different regions of dissimilar metal weld such as heat affected zones, fusion lines, buttering layer, weld metal and both base metals. Tensile and fracture toughness tests have been carried out as per the ASTM standard E8 and E1820 respectively. Tensile and fracture toughness results of all the regions of dissimilar metal weld joints have been discussed in this paper. Metallurgical and fracture surface examinations have also been reported to substantiate the tensile and fracture toughness results. Need for the local properties for integrity assessment of the dissimilar metal weld joints has also been brought out.
Anthropogenic‐driven rapid shifts in tree distribution lead to increased dominance of broadleaf species
Authors: Vayreda Jordi , Martinez‐Vilalta Jordi , Gracia Marc , Canadell Josep G. , Retana Javier 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOver the past century, major shifts in the geographic distribution of tree species have occurred in response to changes in land use and climate. We analyse species distribution and abundance from about 33 000 forest inventory plots in Spain sampled twice over a period of 10–12 years. We show a dominance of range contraction (extinction), and demographic decline over range expansion (colonization), with seven of 11 species exhibiting extinction downhill of their distribution. Contrary to expectations, these dynamics are not always consistent with climate warming over the study period, but result from legacies in forest structure due to past land use change and fire occurrence. We find that these changes have led to the expansion of broadleaf species (i.e. family Fagaceae) over areas formerly dominated by conifer species (i.e. family Pinaceae), due to the greater capacity of the former to respond to most disturbances and their higher competitive ability. This recent and rapid transition from conifers to broadleaves has important implications in forest dynamics and ecosystem services they provide. The finding raises the question as to whether the increasing dominance of relatively drought‐sensitive broadleaf species will diminish resilience of Mediterranean forests to very likely drier conditions in the future.