bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of potential evapotranspiration to changes in climate variables for different Australian climatic zones
Authors: Guo Danlu , Westra Seth , Maier Holger R. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Assessing the factors that have an impact on potential evapotranspiration (PET) sensitivity to changes in different climate variables is critical to understanding the possible implications of climatic changes on the catchment water balance. Using a global sensitivity analysis, this study assessed the implications of baseline climate conditions on the sensitivity of PET to a large range of plausible changes in temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), solar radiation (Rs) and wind speed (uz). The analysis was conducted at 30 Australian locations representing different climatic zones, using the Penman–Monteith and Priestley–Taylor PET models. Results from both models suggest that the baseline climate can have a substantial impact on overall PET sensitivity. In particular, approximately 2-fold greater changes in PET were observed in cool-climate energy-limited locations compared to other locations in Australia, indicating the potential for elevated water loss as a result of increasing actual evapotranspiration (AET) in these locations. The two PET models consistently indicated temperature to be the most important variable for PET, but showed large differences in the relative importance of the remaining climate variables. In particular for the Penman–Monteith model, wind and relative humidity were the second-most important variables for dry and humid catchments, respectively, whereas for the Priestley–Taylor model solar radiation was the second-most important variable, with the greatest influence in warmer catchments. This information can be useful to inform the selection of suitable PET models to estimate future PET for different climate conditions, providing evidence on both the structural plausibility and input uncertainty for the alternative models.
Temporal and spatial changes of rainfall and streamflow in the Upper Tekezē–Atbara river basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Gebremicael Tesfay G. , Mohamed Yasir A. , v. Zaag Pieter , Hagos Eyasu Y. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract. The Upper Tekezē–Atbara river sub-basin, part of the Nile Basin, is characterized by high temporal and spatial variability of rainfall and streamflow. In spite of its importance for sustainable water use and food security, the changing patterns of streamflow and its association with climate change is not well understood. This study aims to improve the understanding of the linkages between rainfall and streamflow trends and identify possible drivers of streamflow variabilities in the basin. Trend analyses and change-point detections of rainfall and streamflow were analysed using Mann–Kendall and Pettitt tests, respectively, using data records for 21 rainfall and 9 streamflow stations. The nature of changes and linkages between rainfall and streamflow were carefully examined for monthly, seasonal and annual flows, as well as indicators of hydrologic alteration (IHA). The trend and change-point analyses found that 19 of the tested 21 rainfall stations did not show statistically significant changes. In contrast, trend analyses on the streamflow showed both significant increasing and decreasing patterns. A decreasing trend in the dry season (October to February), short season (March to May), main rainy season (June to September) and annual totals is dominant in six out of the nine stations. Only one out of nine gauging stations experienced significant increasing flow in the dry and short rainy seasons, attributed to the construction of Tekezē hydropower dam upstream this station in 2009. Overall, streamflow trends and change-point timings were found to be inconsistent among the stations. Changes in streamflow without significant change in rainfall suggests factors other than rainfall drive the change. Most likely the observed changes in streamflow regimes could be due to changes in catchment characteristics of the basin. Further studies are needed to verify and quantify the hydrological changes shown in statistical tests by identifying the physical mechanisms behind those changes. The findings from this study are useful as a prerequisite for studying the effects of catchment management dynamics on the hydrological variabilities in the basin.
Characterization of bioactive compounds from monascus purpureus fermented different cereal substrates
Authors: Ivanišová Eva , Rajtar Martin , Tokár Marián , Frančáková Helena , Dráb Štefan , Kluz Maciej , Kačániová Miroslava 
Published: April 2017

Solid-state fermenting of cereals by Monascus is interesting strategy to produce cereals with more beneficial components. The objective of this study was to determine selected primary and secondary metabolites in cereals (rice, wheat, barley, sorghum, corn, buckwheat) fermented by Monascus purpreus and subsequently compare amount of these compounds with control sample (cereals without Monascus). In fermented cereals was determined higher protein, fat, reducing sugars, crude fiber and ash content with compare to non-fermented cereals. The antioxidant activity measured by DPPH assay, ABTS assay as well as reducing power assay was also higher in fermented Monascus cereals with the best results in rice (3.09 ±0.02; 62.9 ±2.24; 43.19 ±2.07 mg TEAC per g of dry weight). Sample of fermented rice contained the highest level of total polyphenols (15.31 ±3.62 mg GAE per g of dry weight), total flavonoids (1.65 mg QE per g of dry weight) and total phenolic acids (9.47 ±0.56 mg CAE per g of dry weight). In fermented cereals was also determined higher contact of reducing sugars (highest value in rice 246.97 ±7.96 mg GE per g), proteins (highest value in buckwheat 28.47 ±1.24%), ash (highest value in sorghum 2.74 ±0.08%) and fat (highest value in corn 4.89 ±0.03%) with compare to non-fermented samples. Results of crude fiber content of both - fermented and non-fermented cereals were balanced with similar values. Results of this study shown that Monascus purpureus fermented cereal substrates might be a potential sources of several bioactive compounds in food products.
Van zorginstellingen, zorgverzekeraars en patiëntenverenigingen en het wetsvoorstel Wet bestuur en toezicht rechtspersonen
Authors: Klaassen A.G.H. 
Published: April 2017

Van zorginstellingen, zorgverzekeraars en patiëntenverenigingen en het wetsvoorstel Wet bestuur en toezicht rechtspersonen
In juni 2016 is het wetsvoorstel Wet bestuur en toezicht rechtspersonen (WBTR) aangeboden aan de Tweede Kamer. Deze bijdrage gaat in op de vraag welke gevolgen dit wetsvoorstel heeft voor zorginstellingen, zorgverzekeraars en patiëntenverenigingen. De WBTR heeft vooral gevolgen voor zorginstellingen en in mindere mate voor patiëntenverenigingen en nog minder voor zorgverzekeraars. Aanpassing van het Uitvoeringsbesluit WTZi is gewenst. Een monistisch bestuursmodel voor zorginstellingen moet mogelijk zijn en het schriftelijk vastleggen van de overwegingen bij een tegenstrijdig belang moet van dwingend recht worden. Aanpassing van het wetsvoorstel is gewenst op het punt van de aansprakelijkheid van bestuurders van (patiënten)verenigingen in faillissement.
De Governancecode Zorg 2017
Authors: Oostwouder W.J. , Leijdesdorff F.L. 
Published: April 2017

De Governancecode Zorg 2017. Wondermiddel, doekje voor het bloeden of een geschikt instrument?
Op 15 december 2016 is de Governancecode Zorg 2017 aangeboden aan de cliëntenorganisaties binnen de zorg. De auteurs van dit artikel houden deze Code tegen het licht en vergelijken deze met de Zorgbrede Governancecode 2010 en de Corporate Governancecode 2016. Voorts beantwoorden zij de volgende vragen: (a) draagt de Code op een adequate wijze bij aan de vier speerpunten van het beleid van de minister van VWS; (b) hoe vernieuwend is de Code; (c) wat moet er in de bestuurskamer en de kamer van de raad van toezicht veranderen; en (d) vergroot de Code het aansprakelijkheidsrisico voor bestuurders en leden van de raad van toezicht?
De stand van de stelselherziening: meer zicht op de uitwerking van het nieuwe stelsel
Authors: de Vos H.W. (Wilco) 
Published: April 2017

De stand van de stelselherziening: meer zicht op de uitwerking van het nieuwe stelsel
In deze bijdrage wordt de stand van zaken van de stelselherziening van het omgevingsrecht gegeven tot de publicatie van de ontwerp-AMvB’s.
Gebiedsbescherming en soortenbescherming in de Aanvullingswet natuur Omgevingswet
Authors: Backes Ch.W. (Chris) , Freriks A.A. (Annelies) 
Published: April 2017

Gebiedsbescherming en soortenbescherming in de Aanvullingswet natuur Omgevingswet
In deze bijdrage bespreken de auteurs gebieds- en soortenbescherming in de consultatieversie van de Aanvullingswet natuur die op 21 november 2016 is gepubliceerd. De auteurs bespreken de wijze waarop de bestaande regeling wordt geïntegreerd in het systeem van de Omgevingswet en de vraag of dit gevolgen heeft voor het beschermingsniveau.
De nadeelcompensatieregeling in de Omgevingswet: geen aantrekkelijk alternatief voor het huidige planschadestelsel
Authors: van den Broek G.M. (Berthy) , Tjepkema M.K.G. (Michiel) 
Published: April 2017

De nadeelcompensatieregeling in de Omgevingswet: geen aantrekkelijk alternatief voor het huidige planschadestelsel
In deze bijdrage bespreken de auteurs de voorgestelde regeling voor nadeelcompensatie in de Omgevingswet, zoals deze op 5 januari is gepubliceerd. Zij zetten deze nieuwe regeling af tegen de bestaande planschaderegeling in de Wro en bespreken de twee meest in het oog springende wijzigingen: het doorschuiven van de schadevergoeding en de verhoging van het forfait voor het normaal maatschappelijk risico.
Composite Magnetic Nanoparticles (CuFe2O4) as a New Microsorbent for Extraction of Rhodamine B from Water Samples
Authors: Roostaie Ali , Allahnoori Farzad , Ehteshami Shokooh 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In this work, novel composite magnetic nanoparticles (CuFe2O4) were synthesizedbased on sol-gel combustion in the laboratory. Next,a simple production method was optimized for the preparation of the copper nanoferrites (CuFe2O4), which are stable in water, magnetically active, and have a high specific area used as sorbent material for organic dye extraction in water solution. CuFe2O4 nanopowders were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FTIR spectroscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The size range of the nanoparticles obtained in such conditions was estimated by SEM images to be 35–45 nm. The parameters influencing the extraction of CuFe2O4 nanoparticles, such as desorption solvent, amount of sorbent, desorption time, sample pH, ionic strength, and extraction time, were investigatedand optimized. Under the optimum conditions, a linear calibration curve in the range of 0.75–5.00μg/L with R2 = 0.9996 was obtained. The LOQ (10Sb) and LOD (3Sb) of the method were 0.75 and 0.25 μg/L (n = 3), respectively. The RSD for a water sample spiked with 1 μg/L rhodamine B was 3% (n = 5). The method was applied for the determination of rhodamine B in tap water, dishwashing foam, dishwashing liquid, and shampoo samples. The relative recovery percentages for these samples were in the range of 95–99%.
Dynamic topography and eustasy controlled the paleogeographic evolution of northern Africa since the mid‐Cretaceous
Authors: Barnett‐Moore N. , Hassan R. , Müller R. D. , Williams S. E. , Flament N. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractNorthern Africa underwent widespread inundation during the Late Cretaceous. Changes in eustasy do not explain the absence of this inundation across the remainder of Africa, and the timing and location of documented tectonic deformation do not explain the large‐scale paleogeographic evolution. We investigate the combined effects of vertical surface displacements predicted by a series of mantle flow models and eustasy on northern African paleoenvironmental change. We compare changes in base level computed as the difference between eustasy and long‐wavelength dynamic topography arising from sources of buoyancy deeper than 350 km to the evolution of paleoshorelines derived from two interpolated global data sets since the mid‐Cretaceous. We also compare the predicted mantle temperature field of these mantle flow models at present‐day to several seismic tomography models. This approach reveals that dynamic subsidence, related to Africa's northward motion away from the buoyant regions overlying the African large low shear velocity province, amplified sea level rise, resulting in maximum inundation of northern Africa during the Cenomanian and Turonian. By the Cenozoic, decreased magnitudes of dynamic subsidence, reflecting the reduced drawdown effects of slab material beneath northern Africa associated with the impact of the Africa‐Eurasia collision, combined with a comparatively pronounced progressive sea level fall resulted in ongoing region‐wide regression along coastal regions. The temporal match between our preferred model and the paleoshoreline data sets suggests that the paleogeographic evolution of this region since the Late Cretaceous has mainly been influenced by the interplay between eustasy and long‐wavelength dynamic topography arising from large‐scale, subduction‐driven, lower mantle convection.
Changes in floodplain inundation under nonstationary hydrology for an adjustable, alluvial river channel
Authors: Call B. C. , Belmont P. , Schmidt J. C. , Wilcock P. R. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPredicting the frequency and aerial extent of flooding in river valleys is essential for infrastructure design, environmental management, and risk assessment. Conventional flood prediction relies on assumptions of stationary flood distributions and static channel geometries. However, nonstationary flow regimes are increasingly observed and changes in flow and/or sediment supply are known to alter the geometry and flood conveyance of alluvial channels. Systematic changes in flows and/or channel geometry may amplify or attenuate the frequency and/or extent of flood inundation in unexpected ways. We present a stochastic, reduced complexity model to investigate such dynamics. The model routes a series of annual peak discharges through a simplified reach‐averaged channel‐floodplain cross section. Channel width, depth, and slope are permitted to adjust annually by a user‐specified fraction toward equilibrium geometries predicted based on each year's peak discharge and sediment supply. Modeled channel adjustments are compared with empirical observations for two rivers in Minnesota, USA that have experienced multiple large floods over the past 6 years. The model is then run using six hypothetical scenarios simulating nonstationary flow regimes with temporal adjustments in the mean and/or variance of the governing peak‐flow distributions. Each scenario is run repeatedly while varying parameters that control the amount of fractional adjustment that channel geometries can make annually. Results indicate that the intra‐annual mean horizontal width of floodplain inundation primarily depends on the governing peak‐flow distribution's coefficient of variation, but the intra‐annual frequency of floodplain inundation (i.e., the fraction of modeled years with inundation) primarily depends on the amount of channel adjustment permitted annually.
Study of field‐aligned current (FAC), interplanetary electric field component (Ey), interplanetary magnetic field component (Bz), and northward (x) and eastward (y) components of geomagnetic field during supersubstorm
Authors: Adhikari Binod , Dahal Subodh , Chapagain Narayan P. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA dominant process by which energy and momentum are transported from the magnetosphere to the ionosphere is known as field‐aligned current (FAC). It is enhanced during magnetic reconnection and explosive energy release at a substorm. In this paper, we studied FAC, interplanetary electric field component (Ey), interplanetary magnetic field component (Bz), and northward (x) and eastward (y) components of geomagnetic field during three events of supersubstorm occurred on 24 November 2001, 21 January 2005, and 24 August 2005. Large‐scale FAC, supposed to be produced during supersubstorm (SSS), has potentiality to cause blackout on Earth. We examined temporal variations of the x and y components of high‐latitude geomagnetic field during SSS, which is attributed to the FACs. We shall report the characteristics of high‐latitude northward and eastward components of geomagnetic field variation during the growth phase of SSS by the implementation of discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and cross‐correlation analysis. Among three examples of SSS events, the highest peak value of FAC was estimated to be ~19 μAm−2. This is shore up with the prediction made by Parks (1991) and Stasiewicz et al. (1998) that the FACs may vary from a few tens to several hundred μAm−2. Although this peak value of FACs for SSS event is much higher than the average FACs associated with regular substorms or magnetic storms, it is expedient and can be expect for SSS events which might be due to very high density solar wind plasma parcels (PPs) triggering the SSS events. In all events, during growth phase, the FAC increases to extremely high level and the geomagnetic northward component decreases to extremely low level. This represents a strong positive correlation between FAC and geomagnetic northward component. The DWT analysis accounts that the highest amplitude of the wavelet coefficients indicates singularities present in FAC during SSS event. But the amplitude of squared wavelet coefficient is found to be different from each other, which might be due to the solar wind PPs of different density triggering the SSS events. The cross‐correlation analysis suggests that the perturbation on geomagnetic northward component at high latitude during SSS strongly correlates with the fluctuation pattern of FAC density. Hence, the FAC is the primary sources for the eastward‐westward magnetic field perturbations at high latitude.
Impact of sea surface temperature on stratiform cloud formation over the North Sea
Authors: Fallmann Joachim , Lewis Huw , Castillo Juan M. , Arnold Alex , Ramsdale Steven 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis study presents a numerical simulation assessing the effect of dynamical ocean–atmosphere coupling on the structure of the marine atmospheric boundary layer over the southern North Sea. Using a high‐resolution regional coupled ocean‐atmosphere prediction system, with a coupling frequency of 1 h, a diurnal variation of sea surface temperature simulated by the ocean model is applied to the atmosphere component. This results in a surface warming in the coupled compared to an atmosphere‐only run. Shallow convection initiated by heating of the lower atmosphere by a relatively warmer ocean surface leads local formation of low level clouds between 1300 h and 1700 h in the coupled run. The impact of these clouds in reflecting incoming solar radiation is demonstrated through a relative cooling of the sea surface temperature in the coupled simulation compared to an ocean‐only run forced by an atmosphere‐only run without representation of ocean‐atmosphere interactions.
Linear permeability evolution of expanding conduits due to feedback between flow and fast phase change
Authors: Wang Lichun , Cardenas M. Bayani 
Published: April 2017

AbstractConduits are ubiquitous and critical pathways for many fluids relevant for geophysical processes such as magma, water, and gases. Predicting flow through conduits is challenging when the conduit geometry coevolves with the flow. We theoretically show that the permeability (k) of a conduit whose walls are eroding due to fast phase change increases linearly with time because of a self‐reinforcing mechanism. This simple result is surprising given complex feedbacks between flow, transport, and phase change. The theory is congruent with previous experimental observations of fracture dissolution in calcite. Supporting computational fracture dissolution experiments showed that k only slightly increases until the dissolution front reaches the narrowest conduit constriction, after which the linear evolution of k manifests. The theory holds across multiple scales and a broad range of Peclet and Damkohler numbers and thus advances the prediction of dynamic mass fluxes through expanding conduits in various geologic and environmental settings.
Tearing of the mantle lithosphere along the intermediate‐depth seismicity zone beneath the Gibraltar Arc: The onset of lithospheric delamination
Authors: Heit Benjamin , Mancilla Flor de Lis , Yuan Xiaohui , Morales Jose , Stich Daniel , Martín Rosa , Molina‐Aguilera Antonio 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe intermediate‐depth seismicity (IDS) beneath the Gibraltar Arc is enigmatic. So far, there is no general consensus on its relationship with the ongoing tectonic processes. We analyzed S wave receiver functions (SRFs) with data recorded by a dense N‐S seismic profile deployed across the Sierra Nevada in southern Spain. SRF piercing points at depths of the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary (LAB) sample an area of the IDS zone, providing an ideal opportunity to study the lithospheric structure at the IDS zone. We observe an abrupt change in the LAB depth along a profile from north to south across the northern branch of the IDS. The LAB depth changes from 90 to 100 km north of the IDS to ~130 km south of it. We propose that the IDS marks a tear in the Iberian mantle lithosphere along its entire length, implying an ongoing lithospheric delamination process that produces the seismicity at its onset.
Intensified dust storm activity and Valley fever infection in the southwestern United States
Authors: Tong Daniel Q. , Wang Julian X. L. , Gill Thomas E. , Lei Hang , Wang Binyu 
Published: April 2017

AbstractClimate models have consistently projected a drying trend in the southwestern United States, aiding speculation of increasing dust storms in this region. Long‐term climatology is essential to documenting the dust trend and its response to climate variability. We have reconstructed long‐term dust climatology in the western United States, based on a comprehensive dust identification method and continuous aerosol observations from the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network. We report here direct evidence of rapid intensification of dust storm activity over American deserts in the past decades (1988–2011), in contrast to reported decreasing trends in Asia and Africa. The frequency of windblown dust storms has increased 240% from 1990s to 2000s. This dust trend is associated with large‐scale variations of sea surface temperature in the Pacific Ocean, with the strongest correlation with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. We further investigate the relationship between dust and Valley fever, a fast‐rising infectious disease caused by inhaling soil‐dwelling fungus (Coccidioides immitis and C. posadasii) in the southwestern United States. The frequency of dust storms is found to be correlated with Valley fever incidences, with a coefficient (r) comparable to or stronger than that with other factors believed to control the disease in two endemic centers (Maricopa and Pima County, Arizona).
Control of Vicinal Stereocenters through Nickel‐Catalyzed Alkyl–Alkyl Cross‐Coupling
Authors: Mu Xin , Shibata Yu , Makida Yusuke , Fu Gregory C. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractVicinal stereocenters are found in many natural and unnatural compounds. Although metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions of unactivated alkyl electrophiles are emerging as a powerful tool in organic synthesis, there have been virtually no reports of processes that generate, much less control, vicinal stereocenters. In this investigation, we establish that a chiral nickel catalyst can mediate doubly stereoconvergent alkyl–alkyl cross‐coupling, specifically, reactions of a racemic pyrrolidine‐derived nucleophile with cyclic alkyl halides (as mixtures of stereoisomers) to produce vicinal stereocenters with very good stereoselectivity.