bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fully protected marine areas linked to reduced home ranges of fishes
Authors: Ohayon Sarah , Abecasis David , Almeida Pedro R. , Alós Josep , Aspillaga Eneko , Belo Ana Filipa , Costa José Lino , Di Franco Antonio , Di Lorenzo Manfredi , Ferguson Adrian , Guidetti Paolo , Kraft Sebastian , La Mesa Gabriele , Olsen Esben Moland , Parsons Darren , Pickholtz Renanel , Quintella Bernardo R. , Silva Ana Filipa , Taylor Brett M. , Villegas‐Ríos David , Belmaker Jonathan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHome range size is a fundamental trait that can affect the probability of fish being harvested and, at the same time, may be affected by fishing. The relationship between home range size and fishing will impact the effectiveness of fully protected areas (FPAs), as it will influence the number of fish moving into fished areas, affecting both spillover and edge effects. One hypothesis is that individuals within FPAs will present reduced home range size relative to individuals in fished areas. This pattern can be driven by demographic selection (e.g. fishing of individuals with large home ranges leaving the FPAs), improved habitat requiring less foraging movements, or behavioural changes associated with reduced fishing threats. To test the relationship between home range size and protection, we compiled 1143 individual‐level home range sizes based on acoustic tracking, covering 17 species from 11 FPAs in 7 countries, with information on distance from FPA borders. A dichotomic analysis (in/out of FPAs) did not support a significant change in the home range size between FPAs and fished areas. However, continuous analysis across the FPA borders demonstrated reduced home range size within the FPAs. We did not find an effect of FPA age or size on this pattern. While we cannot pinpoint the underlying mechanism for the pattern revealed, we suggest behavioural changes as the main driver for reduced home range within FPAs. This mechanism will lead to more resident populations within FPAs, reducing fishing mortality within FPAs yet limiting spillover benefits to adjacent fisheries.
Synthesising a network of evidence on a seabird bycatch mitigation measure
Authors: Gilman Eric , Chaloupka Milani , Debski Igor , Kim Mi Ae , Kingma Eric , Ochi Daisuke 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRobust estimates of the relative efficacies of alternative management interventions are essential for developing evidence‐informed fisheries bycatch policy. Bycatch is a major threat to the conservation of albatrosses and other pelagic seabirds. Branchline weighting is one approach prescribed by regional fisheries management organisations and the Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels to reduce seabird bycatch in pelagic longline fisheries. We used a Bayesian multilevel network meta‐regression modelling approach to conduct the first synthesis of available evidence to assess the relative efficacies at mitigating seabird bycatch of alternative pelagic longline weighting designs. Unlike conventional pairwise meta‐analysis, network meta‐analysis enables the simultaneous comparison of multiple interventions within a coherent modelling framework. There was a > 97% probability that all weighting designs significantly reduced seabird bycatch compared to a reference design with no weight within 5 m of the hook. Nonetheless, some weighting designs were significantly more effective at reducing seabird bycatch than others—for instance, the 2 designs with weights >60 g and >1 m from the hook performed the best with >93% probability that those 2 designs performed significantly better than 2 more commonly used designs with less weight but attached closer to the hook. These two best performing designs reduced seabird bycatch by ca 89% relative to the reference design. These relative efficacies and rankings, when combined with other performance criteria such as costs to commercial viability and crew safety, support robust evaluations of alternative bycatch management strategies.
Tuning residual stresses in welded structures by exploiting bio‐inspired suture interfaces
Authors: Ferro Paolo , Tang Keke , Berto Filippo , Salvati Enrico 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNature offers a valuable source of inspiration when designing optimized structures. For instance, when two or more shells are joined during growth processes, Nature prefers to exploit interlocking paradigms to enhance the strength of the bond—cranial sutures are one example. Mimicking this distinctive characteristic when welding thin metallic elements may offer some structural benefits. The present study theoretically investigates the possibility of mitigating the detrimental tensile residual stress that always originated by welding processes, by exploiting Computational Welding Mechanics. Specifically, two plates joined by laser welding following sinusoidal paths (i.e., wave‐like), alongside a linear one, will be studied and compared. Thanks to the distinctive temporal and spatial heat distributions of sinusoidal welding, both welding stress and strain develop in dissimilar ways compared with linear path welding—this is reflected to the resulting weldment distortion too. The results show that geometrically optimized sinusoidal welding can effectively reduce residual stress magnitudes compared with the linear configuration counterpart. The implications of these findings are of particular interest when dealing with the structural performance of welded structures, especially in fatigue contexts.
A Close‐to‐Optimal Discretization Strategy for Pumping Test Numerical Simulation
Authors: Figueroa Ronny , Bresciani Etienne 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNumerical modeling offers a valuable alternative to analytical solutions for pumping test analysis. However, little is known about how discretization impacts results accuracy and runtime. This study presents a systematic method for defining the spatiotemporal discretization of pumping test numerical models based on dimensionless parameters. Two types of analysis are considered: one where observations are made in the pumping well, and another one where observations are made in different wells. The influence of the discretization parameters on results accuracy and runtime is investigated and an optimal set of parameters is determined that minimizes runtime while maintaining the maximum error under 1% for an “average” aquifer. Lower runtimes are achieved when the analysis focuses on the pumping well, which is attributed to the steady‐state analytical solution approximating drawdown in the well in the numerical scheme employed. Additional tests demonstrate the robustness of the derived set of parameters in different configurations.
Effects of pre‐deacidification on 3‐MCPDE and GE contents of high‐acid oils during refining
Authors: Kantekin‐Erdogan Meryem Nur , Emektar Kubra , Yorulmaz Asli , Tekin Aziz 
Published: September 2024

SummaryCrude fats and oils may have high free fatty acid (FFA) content depending on raw material quality and processing conditions. Their refining is always a challenge due to refining loss and the formation of some process contaminants such as 3‐monochloropropane‐1,2‐diol esters (3‐MCPDE), and glycidyl esters (GE). In this study, crude hazelnut oil having 12.10% FFA was degummed, bleached, and pre‐deacidified by a molecular distillation (MD) unit before neutralisation and deodorisation. Changes in FFA, diglyceride(DG), 3‐MCPDE, GE, and tocopherol contents were monitored. Almost no changes were detected in FFA and DG contents during degumming and bleaching while the latter resulted in the 3‐MCPDE formation and GE reduction. Some tocopherol losses were also observed after these steps. On the other hand, a huge amount of FFA was distilled (from 12.10% to 1.71%) by the MD process performed at 200 °C, 0.25 mbar, as well as with a 53.6% loss of tocopherol. The samples were then subjected to deodorisation before (MD‐PHY) and after neutralisation (MD‐CHE) at 230 °C under 2 mbar absolute pressure for 2, 4, and 8 h. While some 3‐MCPDE and GE formations were detected during MD‐CHE, there were almost no formations in these contaminants after MD‐PHY. When the bleached oil having 12.10% FFA was also directly deodorised at given conditions, no formations but some reductions in 3‐MCPDE and GE contents of the oils were determined, possibly because of esterification of FFA with DGs that are an important precursor of these contaminants.
Opinion on the prospects of emerging food processing technologies to achieve sustainability in the industry by reduced energy consumption, waste reduction and valorisation, and improved food nutrition
Authors: Gavahian Mohsen 
Published: September 2024

SummaryConventional food processing technologies cannot meet the demands of sustainability in the face of societal concerns about climate change, resource scarcity, and food insecurity. Therefore, the food industry must embrace emerging food processing technologies such as ohmic heating, microwave heating, cold plasma, pulsed electric field, and ultrasound to achieve sustainable food production. Although these technologies have been researched worldwide, they have yet to be widely adopted in the industry as concerns such as high capital investments, regulatory issues, technological limitations, and scalability limit their practical applications. This manuscript discusses key contributions of emerging technologies in enhancing sustainability, including reducing energy consumption, waste reduction and valorisation, and enhancing nutrition. Despite these promising capabilities, fully benefiting from emerging technologies in the industry requires further technological advancements, optimisation, economic viability, consumer acceptance, regulatory compliance, and sustainable workforce education. These could be achieved only by close collaborations between academia, industry, and technology developers. Such considerations and actions to resolve the concerns could facilitate the industrial application of emerging technologies to achieve a more sustainable future with reduced carbon emission, environmental impact, and carbon footprint, along with the capability of improved resource efficiency and further contributions to food security and food nutrition improvement.
Effects of pH, kappa‐carrageenan concentration and storage time on the textural and rheological properties of pea protein emulsion‐gels
Authors: Cappa Evangelina R. , Sponton Osvaldo E. , Olivares Maria Laura , Santiago Liliana G. , Perez Adrián A. 
Published: September 2024

SummaryThis study examined the rheological and textural properties of gels produced through emulsion gelation using pea protein isolate (PPI). Emulsions were prepared with varying PPI concentrations (2%–10%) and 0.25 oil fraction, followed by heat treatment. Higher PPI concentrations improved encapsulation efficiency (EE), but heat slightly reduced it, though EE remained above 90%. Droplet size decreased with higher PPI. The emulsion was then gelled with different kappa‐carrageenan (KC) concentrations (1%–2%) and pH levels (4–7). Gel hardness increased with KC content, while adhesiveness decreased. Springiness, cohesiveness and water‐holding capacity (WHC) rose with pH and KC, while meltability decreased. Rheological tests showed stronger gels with higher KC and lower pH. Storage time generally increased gel strength, except at pH 4. This work highlights the interplay between PPI, KC, pH and storage time in shaping the properties of pea protein‐based emulsions and gels.
Production of starch edible films using chitin nanocrystals extracted from mushroom
Authors: Mirpourian Nastaran Sadat , Fathi Milad , Maleky Farnaz 
Published: September 2024

SummaryThis study aimed to produce chitin nanocrystals (CHNC) from mushroom and investigate their potential application in improving physicochemical properties of starch edible films. Alpha‐Chitin was extracted by demineralisation, deproteination, and discoloration treatments of mushroom powder, while CHNC were obtained by acid hydrolysis. Hydrolysis using hydrochloric acid for 120 min at concentration of 3 m was selected as the best conditions for CHNC. X‐ray Diffraction Analysis and Transmission Electron Microscopy showed a crystallinity index of 77 ± 1.2% and needle‐like morphology for CHNC with an average length of 81 nm and diameter of 19 nm. Chemical, morphological, and thermal properties of CHNC were characterised using FTIR, SEM, and DSC analysis and results indicated an increase of the purity of CHNC after hydrolysis. Different concentrations of CHNC (1, 3, 5, and 7% W/W) were used to produce a nanocomposite green film from corn starch. Quantification of the mechanical properties of the green films documented a direct relationship between CHNC concentration and the samples tensile strength and Young's modulus. However, increasing CHNC concentration resulted in a reduction in the samples' water vapour permeability, water solubility, and moisture absorption. The results of this study are promising, suggesting enhancements in the physicochemical properties of the edible film through CHNC incorporation.
Examination of diet quality and alcohol on serum IgG levels after first and second COVID‐19 vaccines
Authors: Cesur Fatih 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRationaleThe change of IgG of COVID‐19 vaccine was thought to be an effect of diet quality or daily habits.Aims and ObjectivesThis study aimed to correlate diet quality and healthy living factors with serum IgG response in the blood.MethodsParticipants were selected from volunteers who had their first vaccination and did not have COVID‐19 disease (Male = 21 Female = 40). Serum IgG levels were measured on average (avg) 28 days after the COVID‐19 vaccine. Information was obtained directly from the participants by questionnaire method (Food consumption record, frequency of food consumption, Diet Quality Index [(DQI], etc.).ResultsA significant difference was observed in the IgG levels of the second measurement of age (young/middle) and gender (male/female) (p < 0.05). A significant difference was found in the first measurement of serum IgG levels and IgG avgs of those with medium diet quality and those who did not drink alcohol (p < 0.05). When the IgG2/1 ratio was examined between alcohol users and nonalcohol, a significant increase was observed about two times in non‐alcohol users (p = 0.039). There is a positive significant moderate strength relationship between the second measurements of IgG and anthropometric measurements and the first, second, and avg measurements of IgG with DQI. It was found that there was a negative significant medium‐strength relationship between individuals' amount of alcohol consumption and IgG avg (r = −0.535, p = 0.009).ConclusionsMedium diet quality has been seen to affect antibody levels positively. At the same time, it is thought that alcohol use negatively affects serum IgG antibody response in the long term. Other than that, there was shown to be a correlation between IgG levels and DQI.
Distinct characteristics of various autoimmune liver diseases: A 22‐year hospital‐based study in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Ming‐Ling , Le Puo‐Hsien , Chen Wei‐Ting , Chen Tai‐Di , Su Chung‐Wei , Chen Cheng‐Jen , Lin Cheng‐Yu , Wu Chi‐Huan , Kuo Chia‐Jung , Sung Kei‐Feng , Chien Rong‐Nan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and AimThe characteristics of autoimmune liver diseases (AILDs), including primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), and PBC‐AIH overlap syndrome (OS), have rarely been investigated and compared in Asia.MethodsAt the Taiwan tertiary referral center, 330 PBC patients (87% treated with ursodeoxycholic acid [UDCA]), 143 AIH patients (94.4% treated with immunosuppressive therapy [IST]) and 21 PBC‐AIH OS patients (85.7% treated with UDCA and IST) were enrolled.ResultsCompared with AIH patients, PBC patients were older at baseline and had greater female‐to‐male sex ratios, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and γ‐glutamyl transferase (γ‐GT) levels, and liver cirrhosis (LC), dyslipidemia, and hepatic and cardiometabolic complication rates. PBC patients had the lowest transaminase levels, whereas AIH patients had the highest transaminase levels. PBC patients had greater 22‐year all‐cause mortality and liver transplantation (ACMaLT) (43.5 vs 25.4%, P = 0.004), LC (75 vs 58.5%, P < 0.01), dyslipidemia (54.4 vs 45.9%, P = 0.001), and cerebrovascular accident (11.3 vs 0.8%, P = 0.019) cumulative incidences (CIs) than did AIH patients; PBC‐AIH OS patients had greater systemic lupus erythematosus (28.9 vs 8.9%, P = 0.009) CI than did PBC patients. Baseline ALP (hazard ratio: 1.001), albumin (0.514), platelet count (0.997), and LC (3.438) were associated with ACMaLT; age (1.110), albumin (0.350), cirrhosis (46.219), and hepatitis C virus antibody positivity (5.068) were associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); and female sex (2.183) and body mass index (1.054) were associated with autoimmune diseases.ConclusionsCompared with AIH patients, PBC patients had greater cardiometabolic CI, and ACMaLT CI, which was associated with cholestasis, liver functional reserve and LC. Older AILD patients with LC and females with obesity demand special caution for the development of HCC and extrahepatic autoimmune diseases, respectively.
Unveiling the applicability of the Brussels Infant and Toddler Stool Scale for hard stool in young children: A South Asian perspective
Authors: Bui Hung Manh , Trinh Oanh Thi Hoang , Lin Shyh‐Hsiang , Nguyen‐Hoang Anh , Le Nguyen Quoc Khanh , Nguyen Nha Tran , Nguyen Ngan Thi Kim 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and AimThe Rome IV criteria, the standard for diagnosing functional constipation (FC), deem the Bristol Stool Scale (BSS) unsuitable for assessing stool consistency in young children. Hence, the Brussels Infant and Toddler Stool Scale (BITSS) was developed. We aimed to validate and test the reliability of BITSS for hard stools and FC among infants and toddlers, where there is limited evidence in Asian populations.MethodsThe research evaluated FC in children aged 0–48 months who came for medical examination using Rome IV criteria. Stool properties provided by caregivers were assessed sequentially through three methods: the BSS, the BITSS, and caregiver reports.ResultsA total of 370 responses were received, with an average age of 26.2 months. Substantial agreement was observed between the BITSS and caregiver reports for hard stools (concordance rate: 91.9%, κ = 0.75), while near‐perfect agreement was found between BITSS and BSS (concordance rate: 93.5%, κ = 0.81). The BITSS exhibited higher sensitivity than the BSS in assessing hard stools (95.3% vs 87.5%, P < 0.001). And the BITSS (23.5%) identified the highest prevalence of FC than the BSS (20.5%) and caregiver report (18.7%), with near‐perfect agreement. Moderate agreement was reported when evaluating the test–retest reliability between BITSS and caregiver reports (concordance rate: 86.2%, κ = 0.44).ConclusionsThe BITSS, more sensitive than the BSS in identifying abnormal, especially hard stools, aids in early FC detection in young children. These findings support using BITSS over BSS for evaluating hard stools in infants and toddlers, both in Vietnam and globally.
Spatiotemporal trends in the burden of colorectal cancer incidence and risk factors at country level from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Li Quanmei , Zhang Xiaorui , Wang Yijie , Gao Ran , Zhang Yijun , Zheng Xite , Huang Fengyi , Liu Wanqi , Luo Chuning , Liu Fen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and AimWorldwide, the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to rise and remains a major public health concern. This study aimed to analyze the temporal and spatial trends in CRC incidence and related risk factors at the country level.MethodsData on CRC and related risk factors were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019 study. Temporal trends were evaluated using estimated annual percentage change while spatial trends were analyzed using spatial autocorrelation and autoregression. Additionally, linear mixed‐effects models were employed to identify risk factors linked to CRC incidence.ResultsGlobally, from 1990 to 2019, the incidence cases of CRC increased by 157.23%. At the national level, the incidence of CRC increased in most countries, with the highest increases of age‐standardized incidence rate (ASIR) in Equatorial Guinea, Vietnam, and China. In both 1990 and 2019, global spatial clustering of CRC ASIR highlighted hotspots in Europe, characterized by elevated CRC ASIR levels. A comparative analysis of risk factors between hotspot countries and others indicated that gender and alcohol use exerted greater influence in hotspots than elsewhere.ConclusionAlthough from 1990 to 2019, the highest growth in ASIR of CRC has been observed in African, Asian, and Latin American countries, the hotspots are still concentrated in Europe. In the identified hotspots, gender and alcohol use exert a more significant impact on CRC incidence compared with other countries. Thus, we should pay attention to countries where the CRC incidence is increasing and these risk factors.
End‐of‐life emergency department use and healthcare expenditures among older adults: A nationally representative study
Authors: Gettel Cameron J. , Kitchen Courtney , Rothenberg Craig , Song Yuxiao , Hastings Susan N. , Kennedy Maura , Ouchi Kei , Haimovich Adrian D. , Hwang Ula , Venkatesh Arjun K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundEmergency department (ED) visits at end‐of‐life may cause financial strain and serve as a marker of inadequate access to community services and health care. We sought to examine end‐of‐life ED use, total healthcare spending, and out‐of‐pocket spending in a nationally representative sample.MethodsUsing Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey data, we conducted a pooled cross‐sectional analysis of Medicare beneficiaries aged 65+ years with a date of death between July 1, 2015 and December 31, 2021. Our primary outcomes were ED visits, total healthcare spending, and out‐of‐pocket spending in the 7, 30, 90, and 180 days preceding death. We estimated a series of zero‐inflated negative binomial models identifying patient characteristics associated with the primary outcomes.ResultsAmong 3812 older adult decedents, 610 (16%), 1207 (31.7%), 1582 (41.5%), and 1787 (46.9%) Medicare beneficiaries had ED visits in the final 7, 30, 90, and 180 days, respectively, of life. For Medicare beneficiaries with at least one ED visit in the final 30 days of life, the median total and out‐of‐pocket costs were, respectively, $12,500 and $308, compared, respectively, with $278 and $94 for those without any ED visits (p < 0.001 for both comparisons). Having a diagnosis of dementia (odds ratio [OR] 0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.51–0.99; p = 0.04) and being on hospice status during the year of death (OR 0.56; 95% CI 0.48–0.66; p = <0.001) were associated with a decreased likelihood of having an ED visit. Having dementia was associated with a decreased likelihood of having any healthcare spending (OR 0.50; 95% CI 0.36–0.71; p = 0.001) and any out‐of‐pocket spending (OR 0.51; 95% CI 0.36–0.72; p = <0.001).ConclusionsOne in three older adults visit the ED in the last month of life, and approximately one in two utilize ED services in the last half‐year of life, with evidence of associated considerable total and out‐of‐pocket spending.