bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Echocardiogram Done Early in Neonatal Sepsis: What Does it Add?
Authors: Tomerak Rania H. , El-Badawy Ayman A. , Hussein Gehan , Kamel Nermin R.M. , Razak Abdel Rahman A. 
Published: May 2016

Background One of the major organs affected in neonatal sepsis is the heart. Echocardiogram provides real-time information on the cardiovascular performance rather than dependence on the clinical signs alone, which might lead to misjudgment. Aim of the Work To assess left ventricular (LV) functions in septic neonates early after admission using transthoracic color Doppler Echocardiography. Patients and Methods Echocardiography was done to 30 septic and 30 nonseptic newborns who were divided among 4 groups (septic full-term, 14; septic preterm, 16; nonseptic full-term, 21; and nonseptic preterm, 9). Comparisons were made among the 4 groups using analysis of variance and post hoc test regarding the systolic function (using ejection fraction and fractional shortening), the diastolic function (using the early patrial peak/atrial peak flow velocity ratio), and the global LV function (using myocardial performance index). Results The E-wave and the early peak flow velocity/atrial peak flow velocity ratio were significantly lower in the septic neonates, whether full-term or premature, compared to their corresponding age groups in the nonseptic newborns, suggesting LV diastolic dysfunction ( P < 0.001 and P < 0.014, respectively). No difference was found in the diastolic function between the full-term and the preterm neonates whether lying within the septic group or in the nonseptic group. Myocardial performance index was significantly higher in the septic neonates who died than in the survivors ( P < 0.001). Conclusion Neonatal sepsis is associated with LV diastolic dysfunction.
Cystatin C Levels in Patients with Dipper and Nondipper Hypertension
Authors: Ordu Serkan , Ozhan Hakan , Alemdar Recai , Yildirim Hayriye , Gungor Adem , Caglar Sabri Onur , Aydin Mesut , Bulur Serkan 
Published: May 2016

Objective Subjects with nondipper hypertension carry a higher risk of cardiovascular events than their normotensive counterparts. The present study was designed to investigate cystatin C levels in patients with dipper and nondipper hypertension. Methods Eighty-eight consecutive patients who had been treated with antihypertensive drugs for at least 6 months were included in the study. Dipping and nondipping patterns were detected with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Clinical, laboratory, and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring data of patient groups with nondipper and dipper hypertension were compared. Results Patients in the nondipper group were older than those in the dipper group. Serum cystatin C level was higher in the patients in the nondipper group. Cystatin C was negatively correlated with the rate of systolic blood pressure fall at night ( r = −0.41; P < 0.001). Linear regression analyses revealed that only cystatin C level was a significant correlate of nocturnal systolic blood pressure decrease. Logistic regression analyses also showed that cystatin C was an independent predictor of nondipping pattern (odds ratio, 3.586; 95% confidence interval, 1.432–8.98; P = 0.006]). Conclusion The present study showed that cystatin C is higher in patients with nondipper hypertension patients.
Serum Gamma-Glutamyltransferase as a Risk Factor for General Cardiovascular Disease Prediction in Koreans
Authors: Kim Kwang-Min , Kim Bom-Taeck , Lee Duck-Joo , Park Sat-Byul , Joo Nam-Seok , Kim Kyu-Nam 
Published: May 2016

Objective Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a novel cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor, but its use as an independent factor for general CVD risk prediction remains unclear in general population. This study examined the association between serum GGT concentration and 10-year CVD risk in Koreans. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed on 27,270 Koreans. Besides individual components of 10-year CVD risk, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, liver enzymes, lipid profile, uric acid and high sensitive C-reactive protein data were used. The study subjects were grouped into quartiles according to the levels of GGT. Analyses relating GGT to 10-year CVD risk greater than 20% used multiple confounders-adjusted logistic regression. Results Positive correlations were established between log-transformed GGT concentration and 10-year CVD risk (Spearman's rho = 0.51; P < 0.001). Compared to the lowest baseline GGT category, unadjusted odds ratios for 10-year CVD risk greater than 20% were significantly increased from the lowest to the highest GGT quartiles; these results remained significant after adjustments for multiple confounders. Conclusion Increased GGT concentration is associated with the increase in 10-year CVD risk. Serum GGT may be helpful to predict the future risk of general CVD.
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis in Patients with Alzheimer Disease (AD)
Authors: Yong-Hong Li , Xiao-Dong Peng , Chang-Quan Huang , Bo Yang , Qing-Xiu Liu 
Published: May 2016

Objective We observed the function of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) using a case-control study. Methods The case was a cohort that included 50 patients with AD. For each case subject, 1 control who was of similar age, sex, daily activities (scale of Lawton), sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), and depression (15-item Geriatrics Depression Scale) was recruited. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total triiodothyronine (TT3), total tetraiodothyronine (TT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free tetraiodothyronine (FT4) were detected using radioimmunity. Results Compared with the healthy controls, the patients with AD had significantly lower levels of TRH (67.72 ± 18.44 vs 78.64 ± 14.31 pmol/L; t = 2.078; P = 0.036), TSH (3.89 ± 1.22 vs 4.31 ± 1.07 mIU/L; t = 2.331; P = 0.024), TT3 (1.44 ± 0.21 vs 1.63 ± 0.19 nmol/L; t = 3.761; P = 0.018), TT4 (119.71 ± 18.64 nmol/L vs 129.54 ± 23.17 nmol/L; t = 1.328; P = 0.044), FT3 (4.01 ± 1.27 vs 5.41 ± 0.99 pmol/L; t = 4.976; P = 0.008), and FT4 (9.84 ± 1.56 vs 12.96 ± 2.20 pmol/L; t = 5.381; P = 0.006). In the AD cases, none of the correlations between TRH and TSH, TT3, TT4, FT3, and FT4, and between TSH and TT3, TT4, FT3, FT4 was significant. However, in the healthy controls, TRH was significantly correlated with TSH ( R = 0.020; P = 0.042) and FT4 ( R = 0.015; P = 0.018), and TSH was significantly correlated with TT4 ( R = 0.209; P = 0.017) and FT4 ( R = 0.215; P = 0.009). Conclusion Alzheimer disease was associated with abnormal function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis.
Design of “Neuropsychological and Mental Health Outcomes of Operation Iraqi Freedom
Authors: Aslan Mihaela , Concato John , Peduzzi Peter N. , Proctor Susan P. , Schnurr Paula P. , Marx Brian P. , McFall Miles , Gleason Theresa , Huang Grant D. , Vasterling Jennifer J. 
Published: May 2016

Objective This study aimed to describe methodological challenges encountered in designing a follow-up assessment of US Army Soldiers who served in Operation Iraqi Freedom. Study Design and Setting The Neurocognition Deployment Health Study (NDHS) enrolled 1595 soldiers at 2 military installations, starting in 2003. Prior work compared predeployment and postdeployment assessments among Iraq-deployed and nondeployed soldiers. The current phase, as VA Cooperative Studies Program #566, is collecting follow-up data on participants who were deployed to Iraq or Afghanistan. Specific aims include evaluating the prevalence and course of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the persistence of previously observed neuropsychological changes, and the relationship of these changes—and traumatic brain injury—to subsequent PTSD. The target sample size is 817 participants, with 200 participants also receiving performance-based neuropsychological assessments. Results We describe 6 methodological challenges and their implications for longitudinal research among a “closed,” young, mobile study population: transitioning from cluster-based (battalion) sampling to individual-level sampling; overcoming practical barriers (such as location searches); selecting exposure and outcome measures that combine previously collected and current study data; accounting for loss of an exposed (deployed) versus (nonexposed) nondeployed comparison; determining timing of assessments; and developing a complex statistical analysis plan. Enrollment is ongoing. Conclusions The study provides unique insights regarding elements of study design and analysis that are relevant to longitudinal research. In particular, the dynamic “real-life” context of military deployment provides a basis for applying observational methodology to characterize mental health disorders associated with exposure to war-zone deployment and other contexts associated with exposure to extreme stress.
An Analysis of Religious Tourist Growth in Nepal
Authors: Sutihar Deo Narayan 
Published: May 2016

<p>This article attempts to estimate annual growth rate of religious tourist to total tourist arrival ratio in Nepal, test the significance of annual growth rate of this ratio and evaluate the presence of auto-correlation among error terms using time series data of the ratio of religious tourist to total tourist arrival in Nepal from 1992 to 2010. The calculation of t-statistic exhibits that the growth rate of religious tourist to total tourist arrival ratio is significant. The D-W test shows that there is existence of positive auto- correlation among error terms. To remove the auto-correlation, the transformed variables have been used to estimate transformed equation of straight line and then it is found that there is no existence of auto-correlation among error terms after transforming the original data. </p><p><strong>Economic Literature,</strong> Vol. XI (20-25), June 2013 </p>
Recreational Demand for Fewa Lake: An Application of Travel Cost Method
Authors: Thapa Arjun K 
Published: May 2016

<p>Economic valuation of non-market commodities like the recreational amenities provided by national parks, lakes, zoos and sanctuaries is complex and new in Nepal. In this study it is intended to analyze the recreational demand of Fewa Lake by using individual travel cost method. Fifty Nepali visitors were interviewed by administering close ended questionnaire schedule. Most of the respondents were urban unmarried males with secondary and above qualifications, earning a monthly income of around rupees ten thousand. The regression result shows cost of travelling, income, age, * education and location as the major determinants of demand for Fewa Lake’s recreational amenities. The consumer surplus was estimated to be Rs. 18.5 per Nepali visitor per trip. It can be inferred that a provision of entry fee along with quality enhancement would attract more visitors and generate revenue for this Lake. </p><p><strong>Economic Literature,</strong> Vol. XI (54-59), June 2013 </p>
Large Washing Machines Are Not Used Efficiently in Europe
Authors: Schmitz Angelika , Alborzi Farnaz , Stamminger Rainer 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Washing machines sold for private households are increasing in capacity. The aim of this study was to assess how these higher capacities are utilised by consumers. A consumer survey was conducted in eleven European countries with more than 5,000 participants who are substantially involved in washing laundry. Questions were asked about their washing machines and washing behaviour. The main outcome is that these new machines are welcomed, but it seems that the consumers are not utilising the larger capacities. This may result in higher energy and water consumption as the new machines are optimised to work most efficiently at maximum load conditions.
Microhardness of decorative gold coatings obtained from gold complex based on mercaptotriazole: Comparison with cyanide
Authors: Dimitrijević Silvana B. , Rajčić-Vujasinović Mirjana M. , Trifunović Dejan D. , Trumić Biserka T. , Stević Zoran M. , Dimitrijević Stevan P. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of current density, temperature, pH and concentration of ethylhexilsulfonate additive on the microhardness of electrochemically deposited gold decorative coatings obtained from a conventional cyanide electrolyte and gold complex based on mercaptotriazole. Mechanically and chemically prepared brass samples were first nickeled from acidic electrolyte. Nickel was a substrate deposit, and then decorative gold coatings were deposited from two types of electrolytes at different current densities and temperatures. Decorative gold coatings were deposited from auri-mercaptotrizole at different pH values and from electrolyte with and without the ethylhexilsulfonate additive. The microhardness of the gold coating was measured using the Knoop method. The highest values of microhardness were obtained at a current density of 1 A dm−2 at room temperature for both electrolytes. The microhardness of the gold coatings from cyanide electrolytes was HK = 740 MPa, and the coatings obtained from auri-mercaptotriazole HK = 660 MPa. This difference is not relevant for decorative purposes. The highest values of microhardness, HK = 660 MPa, were obtained at pH = 9 from the gold complex based on mercaptotriazole without the additive.
Multiplexed shotgun genotyping resolves species relationships within the North American genus Penstemon
Authors: Wessinger Carolyn A. , Freeman Craig C. , Mort Mark E. , Rausher Mark D. , Hileman Lena C. 
Published: May 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Evolutionary radiations provide opportunities to examine large‐scale patterns in diversification and character evolution, yet are often recalcitrant to phylogenetic resolution due to rapid speciation events. The plant genus Penstemon has been difficult to resolve using Sanger sequence‐based markers, leading to the hypothesis that it represents a recent North American radiation. The current study demonstrates the utility of multiplexed shotgun genotyping (MSG), a style of restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (RADseq), to infer phylogenetic relationships within a subset of species in this genus and provide insight into evolutionary patterns.METHODS:We sampled genomic DNA, primarily from herbarium material, and subjected it to MSG library preparation and Illumina sequencing. The resultant sequencing reads were clustered into homologous loci, aligned, and concatenated into data matrices that differed according to clustering similarity and amount of missing data. We performed phylogenetic analyses on these matrices using maximum likelihood (RAxML) and a species tree approach (SVDquartets).KEY RESULTS:MSG data provide a highly resolved estimate of species relationships within Penstemon. While most species relationships were highly supported, the position of certain taxa remains ambiguous, suggesting that increased taxonomic sampling or additional methodologies may be required. The data confirm that evolutionary shifts from hymenopteran‐ to hummingbird‐adapted flowers have occurred independently many times.CONCLUSIONS:This study demonstrates that phylogenomic approaches yielding thousands of variable sites can greatly improve species‐level resolution of recent and rapid radiations. Similar to other studies, we found that less conservative similarity and missing data thresholds resulted in more highly supported topologies.
Moss antheridia are desiccation tolerant: Rehydration dynamics influence sperm release in Bryum argenteum
Authors: Stark Lloyd R. , McLetchie D. Nicholas , Greenwood Joshua L. , Eppley Sarah M. 
Published: May 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Free‐living sperm of mosses are known to be partially desiccation tolerant. We hypothesized that mature moss antheridia should also tolerate desiccation and that rehydration to partial turgor (prehydration) or rehydration to full turgor (rehydration) before immersion in water is required for full recovery from any damaging effects of prior desiccation.METHODS:Bryum argenteum (silvery‐thread moss) was grown in continuous culture for several months, produced mature perigonia (clusters of antheridia), and these were subjected to a slow rate of drying (∼36 h from full turgor to desiccation) and equilibration with 50% relative humidity. Perigonia were prehydrated (exposed to a saturated atmosphere) or rehydrated (planted upright in saturated media) for 0, 45, 90, 135, 180, and 1440 min, then immersed in sterile water. Time to first sperm mass release, number of antheridia releasing sperm masses, and the integrity of the first sperm mass released were assessed.KEY RESULTS:Rehydration of dried antheridia for at least 3 h before immersion in water resulted in antheridia functioning similar to control undried antheridia. Compared with rehydration, prehydration was not effective in the recovery of antheridia from desiccation.CONCLUSIONS:For the first time, moss antheridia are shown to be fully desiccation tolerant at a functional level, capable of releasing fully functional sperm following a slow drying event provided the antheridia are allowed to rehydrate at least 3 h before immersion in water.
IMPACT DETECTIONS OF TEMPORARILY CAPTURED NATURAL SATELLITES
Authors: Clark David L. , Spurný Pavel , Wiegert Paul , Brown Peter , Borovička Jiří , Tagliaferri Ed , Shrbený Lukáš 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
Temporarily captured orbiters (TCOs) are near-Earth objects (NEOs) that make a few orbits of Earth before returning to heliocentric orbits. Only one TCO has been observed to date, 2006 RH120, captured by Earth for one year before escaping. Detailed modeling predicts that capture should occur from the NEO population predominantly through the Sun–Earth L1 and L2 points, with 1% of TCOs impacting Earth and approximately 0.1% of meteoroids being TCOs. Although thousands of meteoroid orbits have been measured, none until now have conclusively exhibited TCO behavior, largely due to difficulties in measuring initial meteoroid speed with sufficient precision. We report on a precise meteor observation of 2014 January 13 with a new generation of all-sky fireball digital camera systems operated in the Czech Republic as part of the European Fireball Network, providing the lowest natural object entry speed observed in decades-long monitoring by networks worldwide. Modeling atmospheric deceleration and fragmentation yields an initial mass of ∼5 kg and diameter of 15 cm, with a maximum Earth-relative velocity just over 11.0 km s−1. Spectral observations prove its natural origin. Back integration across observational uncertainties yields a 92%–98% probability of TCO behavior, with close lunar dynamical interaction. The capture duration varies across observational uncertainties from 48 days to 5+ years. We also report on two low-speed impacts recorded by US Government sensors, and we examine Prairie Network event PN39078 from 1965 with an extremely low entry speed of 10.9 km s−1. In these cases uncertainties in measurement and origin make TCO designation uncertain.
STELLAR MASS–GAS-PHASE METALLICITY RELATION AT 0.5 ≤ z ≤ 0.7: A POWER LAW WITH INCREASING SCATTER TOWARD THE LOW-MASS REGIME
Authors: Guo Yicheng , Koo David C. , Lu Yu , Forbes John C. , Rafelski Marc , Trump Jonathan R. , Amorín Ricardo , Barro Guillermo , Davé Romeel , Faber S. M. , Hathi Nimish P. , Yesuf Hassen , Cooper Michael C. , Dekel Avishai , Guhathakurta Puragra , Kirby Evan N. , Koekemoer Anton M. , Pérez-González Pablo G. , Lin Lihwai , Newman Jeffery A. , Primack Joel R. , Rosario David J. , Willmer Christopher N. A. , Yan Renbin 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
We present the stellar mass (

M

*

)–gas-phase metallicity relation (MZR) and its scatter at intermediate redshifts (

0.5
≤
z
≤
0.7

) for 1381 field galaxies collected from deep spectroscopic surveys. The star formation rate (SFR) and color at a given

M

*

of this magnitude-limited (

R
≲
24

AB) sample are representative of normal star-forming galaxies. For masses below 109

M

⊙

, our sample of 237 galaxies is ∼10 times larger than those in previous studies beyond the local universe. This huge gain in sample size enables superior constraints on the MZR and its scatter in the low-mass regime. We find a power-law MZR at 108

M

⊙

<

M

*

<

10

11

M

⊙

:

12
+
log

(

O

/

H

)

=

(

5.83
±
0.19

)

+

(

0.30
±
0.02

)

log

(

M

*

/

M

⊙

)

. At 109

M

⊙

<

M

*

<

10

10.5

M

⊙

, our MZR shows agreement with others measured at similar redshifts in the literature. Our power-law slope is, however, shallower than the extrapolation of the MZRs of others to masses below 109

M

⊙

. The SFR dependence of the MZR in our sample is weaker than that found for local galaxies (known as the fundamental metallicity relation). Compared to a variety of theoretical models, the slope of our MZR for low-mass galaxies agrees well with predictions incorporating supernova energy-driven winds. Being robust against currently uncertain metallicity calibrations, the scatter of the MZR serves as a powerful diagnostic of the stochastic history of gas accretion, gas recycling, and star formation of low-mass galaxies. Our major result is that the scatter of our MZR increases as

M

*

decreases. Our result implies that either the scatter of the baryonic accretion rate (

σ

M

˙

) or the scatter of the

M

*

–

M

halo

relation (

σ

SHMR

) increases as

M

*

decreases. Moreover, our measure of scatter at

z
=
0.7

appears consistent with that found for local galaxies. This lack of redshift evolution constrains models of galaxy evolution to have both

σ

M

˙

and

σ

SHMR

remain unchanged from

z
=
0.7

to z = 0.
HIGHLY EXCITED H2 IN HERBIG–HARO 7: FORMATION PUMPING IN SHOCKED MOLECULAR GAS?
Authors: Pike R. E. , Geballe T. R. , Burton M. G. , Chrysostomou A. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
We have obtained K-band spectra at R ∼ 5000 and an angular resolution of 0.″3 of a section of the Herbig–Haro 7 (HH7) bow shock, using the Near-Infrared Integral Field Spectrograph at Gemini North. Present in the portion of the data cube corresponding to the brightest part of the bow shock are emission lines of H2 with upper state energies ranging from ∼6000 K to the dissociation energy of H2, ∼50,000 K. Because of low signal-to-noise ratios, the highest excitation lines cannot be easily seen elsewhere in the observed region. However, excitation temperatures, measured throughout much of the observed region using lines from levels as high as 25,000 K, are a strong function of upper level energy, indicating that the very highest levels are populated throughout. The level populations in the brightest region are well fit by a two-temperature model, with 98.5% of the emitting gas at T = 1800 K and 1.5% at T = 5200 K. The bulk of the H2 line emission in HH7, from the 1800 K gas, has previously been well-modeled by a continuous shock, but the 5200 K cozmponent is inconsistent with standalone standard continuous shock models. We discuss various possible origins for the hot component and suggest that this component is H2 newly reformed on dust grains and then ejected from them, presumably following dissociation of some of the H2 by the shock.