bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palatalization and glide strengthening as competing repair strategies: Evidence from Kirundi
Authors: Kochetov Alexei 
Published: July 2016

Alternations involving place-changing palatalization (e.g. t+j → ʧ in spirit – spiritual) are very common and have been a focus of much generative phonological work since Chomsky &amp; Halle’s (1968) ‘Sound Pattern of English’. The interest in palatalization and its mechanisms (see e.g. Sagey 1990; Chen 1996; Bateman 2007) has somewhat obscured the question of how these processes fit into a wider typology of segmental alternations. What happens when palatalization fails to apply? Do other processes take its place and apply under the same circumstances? In this paper, I argue for a close functional and formal affinity between place-changing palatalization and one such process, palatal glide strengthening (e.g. p+j → pc). As evidence I present data from Kirundi (Bantu) on the realization of consonant + palatal and velar glide sequences within and across morphemes. As will be shown, palatalization and glide strengthening in Kirundi work in parallel, affecting different subsets of consonants. Specifically, palatalization targets C+j sequences with laryngeals, velars, nasal coronals, and – across morpheme boundaries – non-nasal coronals. In contrast, glide strengthening targets C+j sequences with labials and – within morphemes – non-nasal coronals. In addition, glide strengthening applies to within- and across-morpheme consonant + velar glide sequences, producing a set of outputs (e.g. m+w → mŋ) similar to C+j sequences. I further present a unified Optimality Theoretic (Prince &amp; Smolensky 1993/2004) account of these seemingly disparate phenomena as both arising from different rankings of constraints prohibiting consonant + glide sequences (parameterized by place and/or manner) and various feature-specific agreement and faithfulness constraints. Finally, I explore typological predictions of this account, reviewing several remarkably similar cases of C + glide resolution patterns from other languages, and outlining questions for further research on consonant-vowel/glide interactions.This article is part of the special collection: Palatalization
Pathology Informatics Essentials for Residents: A Flexible Informatics Curriculum Linked to Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Milestones
Authors: Henricks Walter H. , Karcher Donald S. , Harrison James H. , Sinard John H. , Riben Michael W. , Boyer Philip J. , Plath Sue , Thompson Arlene , Pantanowitz Liron 
Published: July 2016

Context.—Recognition of the importance of informatics to the practice of pathology has surged. Training residents in pathology informatics has been a daunting task for most residency programs in the United States because faculty often lacks experience and training resources. Nevertheless, developing resident competence in informatics is essential for the future of pathology as a specialty.Objective.—To develop and deliver a pathology informatics curriculum and instructional framework that guides pathology residency programs in training residents in critical pathology informatics knowledge and skills, and meets Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Informatics Milestones.Design.—The College of American Pathologists, Association of Pathology Chairs, and Association for Pathology Informatics formed a partnership and expert work group to identify critical pathology informatics training outcomes and to create a highly adaptable curriculum and instructional approach, supported by a multiyear change management strategy.Results.—Pathology Informatics Essentials for Residents (PIER) is a rigorous approach for educating all pathology residents in important pathology informatics knowledge and skills. PIER includes an instructional resource guide and toolkit for incorporating informatics training into residency programs that vary in needs, size, settings, and resources. PIER is available at http://www.apcprods.org/PIER (accessed April 6, 2016).Conclusions.—PIER is an important contribution to informatics training in pathology residency programs. PIER introduces pathology trainees to broadly useful informatics concepts and tools that are relevant to practice. PIER provides residency program directors with a means to implement a standardized informatics training curriculum, to adapt the approach to local program needs, and to evaluate resident performance and progress over time.
Concise Review: Markers for Assessing Human Stem Cell-Derived Implants as β-Cell Replacement in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Pipeleers Daniel , Robert Thomas , De Mesmaeker Ines , Ling Zhidong 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

A depleted β-cell mass causes diabetes complications that cannot be avoided by insulin administration. β-Cell replacement can stop their development when restoring insulin's homeostatic role. This requires a sufficient number and an adequate functional state of the β cells, together defined as “functional β-cell mass.” Intraportal implants of human pancreatic islet cells correct hyperglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes, but this effect is transient and often incomplete. Studies to improve outcome are hindered by shortage in donor pancreases. Human pluripotent stem cells are a candidate source for mass production of grafts for β-cell replacement. Their in vitro differentiation to pancreatic endoderm (stage 4) and to β-cell-containing preparations (stage 7) provides grafts that generate β-cell implants in mice. In vivo markers indicated a better outcome of device-encapsulated stage 4 cells and microencapsulated stage 7 cells as compared with nonencapsulated grafts. Encapsulation also offers the advantage of representative implant retrieval for direct analysis by ex vivo markers. Combination of in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo markers allows comparison of different stem cell-derived grafts and implants, with each other and with clinical islet cell preparations that serve as reference. Data in mice provide insights into the biology of stem cell-generated β-cell implants, in particular their capacity to establish and sustain a functional β-cell mass. They can thus be indicative for translation of a graft to similar studies in patients, where metabolic benefit will be an additional marker of primordial importance.

Significance
Human stem cell-derived preparations can generate insulin-producing implants in immune-incompetent mice. Steps are undertaken for translation to patients with type 1 diabetes. Their therapeutic significance will depend on their capacity to establish a functional β-cell mass that provides metabolic benefit. This study proposes the combined use of in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo markers to assess this potential in preclinical models and in clinical studies.
Les Éditions Rodrigol : un formalisme du commun
Authors: Côté-Fournier Laurence 
Published: July 2016

Les choix esthétiques de la maison d’édition Rodrigol révèlent un parti pris marqué pour les expérimentations formelles, allié à une forte valorisation de la culture populaire et de l’insignifiant. Cet article analyse trois oeuvres du catalogue Rodrigol : Je suis Sébastien Chevalier de Patrice Lessard, À l’oral ou à l’oreille de Claudine Vachon et Chaos = zéro mort, encore, 1,2,3 de Franz Schürch. Il entend cerner comment les prises de position esthétiques dégagées de ces oeuvres s’inscrivent dans le champ littéraire québécois, par rapport à des moments antérieurs de cette littérature (« ti-pop », contre-culture, formalisme) et à des oeuvres d’auteurs contemporains d’autres maisons d’édition qui montrent des affinités avec ces positions et les ont défendues dans différents essais et articles.
Les avatars du « Je ». Roman et reportage dans l’entre-deux-guerres
Authors: Simard-Houde Mélodie 
Published: July 2016

Le reportage constitue, dans la France de l’entre-deux-guerres, une matrice poétique qui connaît diverses déclinaisons, au gré d’une diffusion très large supportée tant par la presse quotidienne et hebdomadaire que par l’édition en volume. Il est investi par les écrivains et constitue un lieu d’expérimentations formelles à la croisée du journalisme et de la littérature. Dès lors, il apparaît pertinent d’examiner quelques interactions du reportage et du roman à la première personne, deux types de récits contemporains, distincts par leur visée et leur contexte de production, mais marqués tous deux par la mise en avant d’une subjectivité. Dans un premier temps, une lecture du reportage sous l’angle peu emprunté de l’écriture de soi permet de mettre en évidence une forme d’autofiction journalistique qui fait écho aux romans du « réalisme subjectif » (Jacques Dubois) et à certains enjeux de l’entreprise proustienne. Chez les reporters Georges Le Fèvre et Maryse Choisy, un sujet en crise questionne ainsi la notion d’identité à partir d’une expérience vécue dans le cadre du reportage d’identification. Dans un second temps, le Voyage au bout de la nuit de Louis-Ferdinand Céline est analysé comme subversion de la forme narrative et des motifs récurrents du grand reportage, en prolongeant une hypothèse formulée par Paul Aron. Le personnage de Bardamu dessine en creux la silhouette d’un « mauvais » reporter, refusant la geste héroïque de son double, comme le discours patriotique, pro-colonial ou la mise en scène pittoresque de l’exotisme géographique et social que le reportage propose au lectorat de la presse d’information.
Enhanced thermal stability of green-emission quantum-dot light-emitting diodes via composition-gradient thick-shell quantum dots
Authors: Vu Hoang-Tuan , Chiang Ray-Kuang , Huang Chun-Yuan , Chen Chih-Jung , Yu Hsin-Chieh , Lien Jiun-Yi , Su Yan-Kuin 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
We investigated the thermal properties of quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) using composition-gradient thick-shell CdSe@ZnS/ZnS QDs. Thick-shell QDs with low defective structures effectively prevented electron–hole pairs from nonradiative Auger recombination. More specifically, defects were prevented from thermal-stress-induced expansion at elevated temperatures and high driving currents. Consequently, 97% of EL remained after the device was thermally stressed at temperatures higher than 110 °C, indicating that the nanostructure design of QDs is an important factor for high-performance QLEDs.
Polystyrene-catalytic indium–tin–oxide nanorods grown on green light-emitting diodes for enhancing light extraction
Authors: Gong Zhina , Li Qiang , Li Yufeng , Xiong Han , Liu Hao , Wang Shuai , Zhang Ye , Guo Maofeng , Yun Feng 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
A novel technique for fabricating indium–tin–oxide (ITO) nanorods (NRs) on hexagonal-pyramid-surface green vertical light-emitting diodes (VLEDs) is demonstrated using electron-beam deposition with polystyrene spheres catalysis. The ITO NRs have high optical transmittance (>90%) in green wavelength and good crystal quality with a cubic structure. The VLED with ITO NRs has a 31% enhancement of light output power at 200 mA, compared with those without ITO NRs. Finite-difference time-domain simulations suggest that the power enhancement is attributed to the gradient refractive indices of the ITO NRs, and that the light extraction enhancement is caused by changes in ITO NR heights.
Kinetic Alfvén waves in three‐dimensional magnetic reconnection
Authors: Liang Ji , Lin Yu , Johnson Jay R. , Wang Xueyi , Wang Zheng‐Xiong 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAlfvénic waves are believed to be fundamentally important in magnetic reconnection. Kinetic dynamics of particles can break the Alfvén speed limit in the evolution and propagation of perturbations during reconnection. In this paper, the generation and signatures of kinetic Alfvén waves (KAWs) associated with magnetic reconnection in a current sheet is investigated using a three‐dimensional (3‐D) hybrid code under a zero or finite guide field. In order to understand the wave structures in the general cases of multiple X line reconnection, cases with a single X line of various lengths are examined. The KAWs are identified using the wave dispersion relation, electromagnetic polarization relations, as well as spectral analysis. In the cases in which the X line is so long to extend through the entire simulation domain in the current direction, quasi 2‐D configurations of reconnection are developed behind a leading flux/plasma bulge. KAWs with perpendicular wave number k⊥ρi∼1 (with ρi being the ion Larmor radius) are found throughout the transient plasma bulge region and propagate outward along magnetic field lines with a slightly super‐Alfvénic velocity. These KAWs are generated from the X line and coexist with the whistler structure of the ion diffusion region under a small guide field. In the cases in which the X line has a finite length 2ξ ∼ 10di, with ξ being the half length of the X line and di the ion inertial length, the KAWs originated from the X line are of 3‐D nature. Under a finite guide field, KAWs propagate along the oblique magnetic field lines into the unperturbed regions in the current direction, carrying parallel electric field and Poynting fluxes. The critical X line length for the generation of 3‐D‐like structures is found to be 2ξc≤30di. The structure, propagation, energy, spectrum, and damping of the KAWs are examined. Dependence of the structure of KAWs on the guide field is also investigated.
Warum Lithium‐Sauerstoff‐Batterien versagen: Parasitäre chemische Reaktionen und ihr synergistischer Effekt
Authors: Yao Xiahui , Dong Qi , Cheng Qingmei , Wang Dunwei 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAls Technologie zur elektrochemischen Energiespeicherung mit der höchsten theoretischen Kapazität sind Lithium‐Sauerstoff‐Batterien mit großen Herausforderungen im Hinblick auf die schlechte Stabilität und den geringen Round‐Trip‐Wirkungsgrad beim Laden/Entladen verbunden. Es ist allgemein anerkannt, dass diese Probleme mit den parasitären chemischen Reaktionen an der Anode, im Elektrolyten und an der Kathode in Zusammenhang stehen. Während die detaillierten Mechanismen dieser Reaktionen gesondert untersucht wurden, sind die möglichen synergistischen Effekte zwischen ihnen immer noch schlecht verstanden. Um diese Wissenslücke zu schließen, behandelt dieser Kurzaufsatz Literaturberichte zu den parasitären chemischen Reaktionen und stellt als entscheidenden chemischen Vermittler die reaktiven Sauerstoffspezies heraus, die an fast allen parasitären chemischen Reaktionen beteiligt sind oder diese fördern. In Anbetracht des ubiquitären Vorkommens von Sauerstoff in allen Testzellen ist diese Erkenntnis von großer Wichtigkeit. Sie liefert neue Einblicke dazu, wie verschiedene Komponenten von Lithium‐Sauerstoff‐Batterien für den Hochleistungsbetrieb stabilisiert werden können und wie das Potenzial dieser aussichtsreichen Technologie voll ausgeschöpft werden kann.
Synthesis of Dihydropyrrolizine and Tetrahydroindolizine Scaffolds from Pyrroles by Titanocene(III) Catalysis
Authors: Hildebrandt Sven , Gansäuer Andreas 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA synthetic approach to dihydropyrrolizine and tetrahydroindolizine scaffolds from pyrroles has been developed. The key step, a titanocene(III)‐catalyzed radical arylation that proceeds by C−H functionalization is atom‐economical and tolerates a large variety of functional groups. The reaction is therefore attractive for the swift assembly of functional and structural diversity.
Enantioselective Rhodium‐Catalyzed Atom‐Economical Macrolactonization
Authors: Ganss Stephanie , Breit Bernhard 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA highly attractive route toward macrolactones, which form the cyclic scaffold of a multitude of diverse natural compounds, is described. Although many chemical approaches to this structural motif have been explored, an asymmetric variant of the cyclization is unprecedented. Herein we present an enantioselective macrolactonization through an intramolecular atom‐economical rhodium‐catalyzed coupling of ω‐allenyl‐substituted carboxylic acids. The use of a modified diop ligand, chiral DTBM‐diop, led to high enantioselectivity (up to 93 % ee). The reaction tolerated a large variety of functionalities, including α,β‐unsaturated carboxylic acids and depsipeptides, and provided the desired macrocycles with very high enantio‐ and diastereoselectivity.
Wireless Hazard Badges to Detect Nerve‐Agent Simulants
Authors: Zhu Rong , Azzarelli Joseph M. , Swager Timothy M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHuman exposure to hazardous chemicals can have adverse short‐ and long‐term health effects. In this Communication, we have developed a single‐use wearable hazard badge that dosimetrically detects diethylchlorophosphate (DCP), a model organophosphorous cholinesterase inhibitor simulant. Improved chemically actuated resonant devices (CARDs) are fabricated in a single step and unambiguously relate changes in chemiresistance to a wireless readout. To provide selective and readily manufacturable sensor elements for this platform, we developed an ionic‐liquid‐mediated single walled carbon nanotube based chemidosimetric scheme with DCP limits of detection of 28 ppb. As a practical demonstration, an 8 h workday time weighted average equivalent exposure of 10 ppb DCP effects an irreversible change in smartphone readout.
In Situ Single‐Nanoparticle Spectroscopy Study of Bimetallic Nanostructure Formation
Authors: Smith Jeremy G. , Chakraborty Indranath , Jain Prashant K. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBimetallic nanostructures (NSs), with utility in catalysis, are typically prepared using galvanic exchange (GE), but the final catalyst morphology is dictated by the dynamics of the process. In situ single nanoparticle (NP) optical scattering spectroscopy, coupled with ex situ electron microscopy, is used to capture the dynamic structural evolution of a bimetallic NS formed in a GE reaction between Ag and [PtCl6]2−. We identify an early stage involving anisotropic oxidation of Ag to AgCl concomitant with reductive deposition of small Pt clusters on the NS surface. At later stages of GE, unreacted Ag inclusions phase segregate from the overcoated AgCl as a result of lattice strain between Ag and AgCl. The nature of the structural evolution elucidates why multi‐domain Ag/AgCl/Pt NSs result from the GE process. The complex structural dynamics, determined from single‐NP trajectories, would be masked in ensemble studies due to heterogeneity in the response of different NPs.
A Bioorthogonal Approach for the Preparation of a Titanium‐Binding Insulin‐like Growth‐Factor‐1 Derivative by Using Tyrosinase
Authors: Zhang Chen , Miyatake Hideyuki , Wang Yu , Inaba Takehiko , Wang Yi , Zhang Peibiao , Ito Yoshihiro 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe generation of metal surfaces with biological properties, such as cell‐growth‐enhancing and differentiation‐inducing abilities, could be potentially exciting for the development of functional materials for use in humans, including artificial dental implants and joint replacements. However, currently the immobilization of proteins on the surfaces of the metals are limited. In this study, we have used a mussel‐inspired bioorthogonal approach to design a 3,4‐hydroxyphenalyalanine‐containing recombinant insulin‐like growth‐factor‐1 using a combination of recombinant DNA technology and tyrosinase treatment for the surface modification of titanium. The modified growth factor prepared in this study exhibited strong binding affinity to titanium, and significantly enhanced the growth of NIH3T3 cells on the surface of titanium.
Light‐Driven Transport of a Liquid Marble with and against Surface Flows
Authors: Kavokine Nikita , Anyfantakis Manos , Morel Mathieu , Rudiuk Sergii , Bickel Thomas , Baigl Damien 
Published: July 2016

AbstractLiquid marbles, that is, liquid drops coated by a hydrophobic powder, do not wet any solid or liquid substrate, making their transport and manipulation both highly desirable and challenging. Herein, we describe the light‐driven transport of floating liquid marbles and emphasize a surprising motion behavior. Liquid marbles are deposited on a water solution containing photosensitive surfactants. Irradiation of the solution generates photoreversible Marangoni flows that transport the liquid marbles toward UV light and away from blue light when the thickness of the liquid substrate is large enough (Marangoni regime). Below a critical thickness, the liquid marbles move in the opposite direction to that of the surface flow at a speed increasing with decreasing liquid thickness (anti‐Marangoni). We demonstrate that the anti‐Marangoni motion is driven by the free surface deformation, which propels the non‐wetting marble against the surface flow. We call this behavior “slide effect”.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Methylation of Aryl Halides with Deuterated Methyl Iodide
Authors: Hu Lu , Liu Xin , Liao Xuebin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA nickel‐catalyzed methylation of aryl halides with cheap and readily available CH3I or CD3I is described. The reaction is applicable to a wide range of substrates and allows installation of a CD3 group under mild reaction conditions without deuterium scrambling to other carbon atoms. Initial mechanistic studies on the stoichiometric and catalytic reactions of the isolated [(dppp)Ni(C6H4‐4‐CO2Et)Br] [dppp=1,3‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)propane] suggest that a Ni0/NiII catalytic cycle is favored.
Benzofulvenes in Trienamine Catalysis: Stereoselective Spiroindene Synthesis
Authors: Donslund Bjarke S. , Nielsen Rune Pagh , Mønsted Sofie M. N. , Jørgensen Karl Anker 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe asymmetric formation of spiroindenes containing up to four contiguous stereocenters from the reaction of benzofulvenes with 2,4‐dienals through trienamine catalysis is described. The benzofulvene core was found to be an excellent starting point for the synthesis of interesting spiroindenes through a formal cycloaddition pathway. The reaction was mediated by a diphenylprolinol silyl ether catalyst, and a diverse array of spiroindenes were obtained in high yields with excellent stereoselectivity. An attractive feature of the developed system is the possibility to diversify the product scaffold significantly by further manipulation of the chiral spiroindenes. Thus, three intramolecular ring‐closing reactions following the organocatalytic step resulted in highly complex polycyclic systems.
Visualizing Dealumination of a Single Zeolite Domain in a Real‐Life Catalytic Cracking Particle
Authors: Kalirai Sam , Paalanen Pasi P. , Wang Jian , Meirer Florian , Weckhuysen Bert M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts play a central role in the chemical conversion of crude oil fractions. Using scanning transmission X‐ray microscopy (STXM) we investigate the chemistry of one fresh and two industrially deactivated (ECAT) FCC catalysts at the single zeolite domain level. Spectro‐microscopic data at the Fe L3, La M5, and Al K X‐ray absorption edges reveal differing levels of deposited Fe on the ECAT catalysts corresponding with an overall loss in tetrahedral Al within the zeolite domains. Using La as a localization marker, we have developed a novel methodology to map the changing Al distribution of single zeolite domains within real‐life FCC catalysts. It was found that significant changes in the zeolite domain size distributions as well as the loss of Al from the zeolite framework occur. Furthermore, inter‐ and intraparticle heterogeneities in the dealumination process were observed, revealing the complex interplay between metal‐mediated pore accessibility loss and zeolite dealumination.