bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Branched Chain RNA In Situ Hybridization for Androgen Receptor Splice Variant AR-V7 as a Prognostic Biomarker for Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer
Authors: Saylor Philip J. , Lee Richard J. , Arora Kshitij S. , Deshpande Vikram , Hu Rong , Olivier Kara , Meneely Erika , Rivera Miguel N. , Ting David T. , Wu Chin-Lee , Miyamoto David T. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Purpose: The androgen receptor (AR) mRNA splice variant AR-V7 has emerged as a predictive biomarker for response to AR-targeted therapies. There are currently no commercially available assays to detect AR splice variants. The branched chain RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) platform enables the highly sensitive detection of RNA transcripts in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues.
Experimental design: We designed a branched chain RNA ISH probe to target the unique cryptic exon CE3 of AR-V7 using multiple tiling probes. This automated ISH assay was applied to tumor tissue from two distinct clinical cohorts that we hypothesized would differ in AR-V7 status.
Results: We detected AR-V7 in all tumor samples from men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with tissue obtained after disease progression despite at least one subsequent line of hormonal therapy (abiraterone, enzalutamide, or bicalutamide; n = 12). We detected AR-V7 in just one tumor from men who had undergone prostatectomy for localized adenocarcinoma (n = 30; Gleason 4 + 5 = 9 in the AR-V7–positive sample). Given the apparent distinction between the above groups by AR-V7 signal, we analyzed pretreatment AR-V7 status as a predictive and prognostic biomarker in men with treatment-naïve metastatic disease. Patients with metastases but without detectable AR-V7 RNA at baseline had significantly longer overall survival (log-rank P = 0.044) and a trend toward superior progression-free survival (log-rank P = 0.055).
Conclusions: Within an institutional cohort, the RNA ISH assay identified AR-V7 within FFPE tissue and may have prognostic value in metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer. These preliminary findings warrant further study in larger cohorts. Clin Cancer Res; 23(2); 363–9. ©2016 AACR.
Myeloma Drug Resistance Induced by Binding of Myeloma B7-H1 (PD-L1) to PD-1
Authors: Ishibashi Mariko , Tamura Hideto , Sunakawa Mika , Kondo-Onodera Asaka , Okuyama Namiko , Hamada Yasuko , Moriya Keiichi , Choi Inhak , Tamada Koji , Inokuchi Koiti 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
B7 homolog 1 (B7-H1)–expressing myeloma cells not only inhibit myeloma-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), but also confer a proliferative advantage: resistance to antimyeloma chemotherapy. However, it remains unknown whether B7-H1 expressed on myeloma cells induces cellular responses associated with aggressive myeloma behaviors. To address this question, we analyzed the proliferation and drug sensitivity of B7-H1–expressing myeloma cells transfected with B7-H1–specific short-hairpin RNA or treated with programmed cell death (PD)-1-Fc–coupled beads. Knockdown of B7-H1 expression in myeloma cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation and increased apoptosis induced by the chemotherapeutic alkylating agent melphalan, with downregulation of the expression of cell cycle–related genes (CCND3 and CDK6) and antiapoptotic genes (BCL2 and MCL1). B7-H1 molecules thus contributed to myeloma cell-cycle progression and suppression of drug-induced apoptosis. B7-H1–expressing myeloma cells had a higher affinity for PD-1 than for CD80. PD-1-Fc bead–treated myeloma cells also became resistant to apoptosis that was induced by melphalan and the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. Apoptosis resistance was associated with the PI3K/AKT pathway. Both myeloma cell drug resistance and antiapoptotic responses occurred through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, initiated from “reverse” stimulation of B7-H1 by PD-1. Therefore, B7-H1 itself may function as an oncogenic protein in myeloma cells. The interaction between B7-H1 on myeloma cells and PD-1 molecules not only inhibits tumor-specific CTLs but also induces drug resistance in myeloma cells through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. These observations provide mechanistic insights into potential immunotherapeutic benefits of blocking the B7-H1–PD-1 pathway. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(9); 779–88. ©2016 AACR.
Extreme Precipitation in Models: An Evaluation
Authors: Herman Gregory R. , Schumacher Russ S. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
A continental United States (CONUS)-wide framework for analyzing quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs) from NWP models from the perspective of precipitation return period (RP) exceedances is introduced using threshold estimates derived from a combination of NOAA Atlas 14 and older sources. Forecasts between 2009 and 2015 from several different NWP models of varying configurations and spatial resolutions are analyzed to assess bias characteristics and forecast skill for predicting RP exceedances. Specifically, NOAA’s Global Ensemble Forecast System Reforecast (GEFS/R) and the National Severe Storms Laboratory WRF (NSSL-WRF) model are evaluated for 24-h precipitation accumulations. The climatology of extreme precipitation events for 6-h accumulations is also explored in three convection-allowing models: 1) NSSL-WRF, 2) the North American Mesoscale 4-km nest (NAM-NEST), and 3) the experimental High Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR). The GEFS/R and NSSL-WRF are both found to exhibit similar 24-h accumulation RP exceedance climatologies over the U.S. West Coast to those found in observations and are found to be approximately equally skillful at predicting these exceedance events in this region. In contrast, over the eastern two-thirds of the CONUS, GEFS/R struggles to predict the predominantly convectively driven extreme QPFs, predicting far fewer events than are observed and exhibiting inferior forecast skill to the NSSL-WRF. The NSSL-WRF and HRRR are found to produce 6-h extreme precipitation climatologies that are approximately in accord with those found in the observations, while NAM-NEST produces many more RP exceedances than are observed across all of the CONUS.
An Audit of Wait Times for Service Offered by the Gynaecology Oncology Unit at the University Hospital in Jamaica: Are We Meeting the Standards?
Authors: Bambury Ian , Fletcher Christopher , Rattray Carole , Taylor Matthew , Mitchell Charmaine , Christie Loxley 
Published: July 2016

Abstract 53 Background: The European Board and College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology recommends that time from referral of suspected or proven gynaecological cancers to consultation should be within two weeks and that initiation of treatment should occur within six weeks. It is has been shown that a delay in waiting times beyond these international standards results in significantly increased morbidity and mortality. Methods: An audit of wait times was performed for all patients who presented to the gynaecology oncology unit at the University Hospital in Jamaica for consultation between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2013. Wait time for consultation was calculated as the date of first referral to the date of initial consultation. Wait time for treatment was calculated as time from consultation to either surgery or initiation of radiation therapy or chemotherapy. Primary site, stage, and the region from which the referrals came were abstracted from the medical record. Results: A total of 1,289 unique patients were seen at least once during the audit period; of these, 108 were new consultations and 1,219 were patients seen for follow-up. 72% were from the greater metropolitan area (Kingston & St. Andrew), while the others were from the surrounding parishes of Jamaica. Of the 108 new patients, malignancy was confirmed in 70 (65%). Case make-up included 23 cases of endometrial cancer (33%); 20 cases of cervical cancer (29%); 16 cases of ovarian cancer (23%); and 11 cases of other gynecologic cancers (vulvar, vaginal, choriocarcinoma) (15%). At presentation, there were 23 patients with stage 1 disease (33%), 16 patients with stage 2 disease (23%), 27 patients with stage 3 disease (38%); and 4 patients with stage 4 disease (6%). 39 out of 70 patients with malignancy (56%) underwent surgery; 11 (15.7%) were treated with radiation therapy; and 22 (31%) were treated with chemotherapy. Among patients with a cancer diagnosis, the mean time from referral to consultation was 2.1 weeks. Mean time from consultation to surgery was 7.6 weeks; mean time from consultation to start of radiotherapy was 16 weeks; and mean time from consultation to start of chemotherapy was 11.6 weeks. 66% of patients underwent surgery within the international standard of six weeks from referral. Only 36% initiated radiation therapy and 14% initiated chemotherapy within six weeks from referral. Conclusion: While the majority of patients met international standards for time to consultation to surgery, wait times for initiation of radiation and chemotherapy were sub-standard. This audit has provided information that will help us to assess the inadequacy of available services and could potentially inform national cancer policies in Jamaica. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: No COIs from the authors.
The impact of SCPHN training on school nurses' perceptions of their role
Authors: Jenkins Annie 
Published: July 2016

Aim: To gain qualitative information about the perceptions of school nurses on their role after undertaking the Specialist Community Public Health Nurse programme. Method: The chosen sample was Specialist Community Public Health Nurse (SCPHN) school nurses who had worked as school nurses prior to undertaking the programme. Information was gathered from semi-structured telephone interviews. Data were analysed using theoretical thematic analysis. Results: The results indicate that SCPHN school nurses' perceptions of their role change after undertaking the SCPHN programme and this is closely related to their work in practice. Public health and leadership are identified as key influences on change, leading to a more confident and proactive approach. Conclusions: Undertaking the SCPHN programme has a significant impact on school nurse perspectives of their role, leading to changed ways of working. It is argued that this will have a positive impact on service improvement. Recommendations are made for the requirement that school nurses hold a SCPHN qualification before practising in a senior school nurse role.
Utilization of Time Motion Analysis in the Development of Training Programs for Surfing Athletes
Authors: Redd Michael J. , Fukuda David H. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
ADVANCES IN TECHNOLOGY, SUCH AS GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM DEVICES AND TIME MOTION ANALYSIS SOFTWARE, ARE CREATING A MORE ACCURATE MEANS FOR ANALYSIS OF AN ATHLETE'S PERFORMANCE. RESEARCH STUDIES FREQUENTLY USE THIS TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY TO ASSESS THE PHYSIOLOGICAL DEMANDS PLACED ON SURFING ATHLETES. THIS ARTICLE APPLIES THESE FINDINGS TO TRAINING PROGRAM DESIGN TO MEET THE SPECIFIC NEEDS OF TODAY'S SURFING ATHLETES.
Effective Parenting Interventions to Reduce Youth Substance Use: A Systematic Review
Authors: Allen Michele L. , Garcia-Huidobro Diego , Porta Carolyn , Curran Dorothy , Patel Roma , Miller Jonathan , Borowsky Iris 
Published: July 2016

CONTEXT:
Parenting interventions may prevent adolescent substance use; however, questions remain regarding the effectiveness of interventions across substances and delivery qualities contributing to successful intervention outcomes.

OBJECTIVE:
To describe the effectiveness of parent-focused interventions in reducing or preventing adolescent tobacco, alcohol, and illicit substance use and to identify optimal intervention targeted participants, dosage, settings, and delivery methods.

DATA SOURCES:
PubMed, PsycINFO, ERIC, and CINAHL.

STUDY SELECTION:
Randomized controlled trials reporting adolescent substance use outcomes, focusing on imparting parenting knowledge, skills, practices, or behaviors.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Trained researchers extracted data from each article using a standardized, prepiloted form. Because of study heterogeneity, a qualitative technique known as harvest plots was used to summarize findings.

RESULTS:
A total of 42 studies represented by 66 articles met inclusion criteria. Results indicate that parenting interventions are effective at preventing and decreasing adolescent tobacco, alcohol, and illicit substance use over the short and long term. The majority of effective interventions required ≤12 contact hours and were implemented through in-person sessions including parents and youth. Evidence for computer-based delivery was strong only for alcohol use prevention. Few interventions were delivered outside of school or home settings.

LIMITATIONS:
Overall risk of bias is high.

CONCLUSIONS:
This review suggests that relatively low-intensity group parenting interventions are effective at reducing or preventing adolescent substance use and that protection may persist for multiple years. There is a need for additional evidence in clinical and other community settings using an expanded set of delivery methods.
IMPACTO DO PROGRAMA MAIS MÉDICOS NA ATENÇÃO BÁSICA DE UM MUNICÍPIO DO SERTÃO CENTRAL NORDESTINO
Authors: Agostinho Alencar Ana Paula , Lustoza Xavier Samyra Paula , Agostinho da Silva Laurentino Patrícia , Frazão Lira Petrúcya , Barbosa do Nascimento Vânia , Carneiro Nivaldo , Fonseca Alexandre , Affonso Fonseca Fernando Luiz 
Published: July 2016

Tendo em vista os problemas inerentes à atenção primária a saúde, o Governo Federal implantou o “Programa mais médicos para o Brasil” em busca de melhoria na assistência e do acesso á atenção primária a saúde com vistas de proporcionar qualidade de vida aos usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS através da prevenção e promoção da saúde. Este estudo visou identificar os impactos causados pela implementação do Programa Mais Médicos em um município do sertão central nordestino. O estudo foi constituído a partir da análise estatística dos indicadores registrados no Sistema de informação da Atenção Básica SIAB. Os dados foram processados no software Stata®, na versão 11.0, onde, a partir da análise estatística descritiva, os resultados foram analisados e apresentados em tabelas. O estudo identificou que a partir da implementação do Programa Mais Médicos houve um aumento considerável no número de consultas e atendimentos realizados pelos médicos, tendo destaque os atendimentos prestados aos pacientes portadores de tuberculose e hanseníase e impacto nas solicitações dos exames complementares que sofreu uma queda bastante considerável. Outro ponto identificado é o aumento de visitas domiciliares. Pode se realizar uma análise de forma geral de melhoria dos indicadores da saúde no município depois do programa mais médicos implantado segundo resultados estatísticos apresentados.
Application of a Novel Hyperbranched-Polymer Fracturing-Fluid System in a Low-Permeability Heavy-Oil Reservoir
Authors: Liu Yueliang , Li Huazhou Andy 
Published: July 2016

Summary
Hydraulic fracturing can be used for stimulating low-permeability heavy-oil reservoirs. It is challenging to achieve a high degree of fracturing-fluid flowback, as well as a low degree of formation damage, in low-permeability heavy-oil reservoirs. This research investigates the application of a novel hyperbranched-polymer fracturing fluid in low-permeability heavy-oil reservoirs. Such hyperbranched polymer is characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry. It has numerous end groups and possesses a 3D spherical molecular structure with many branches. Laboratory tests are conducted to evaluate the thermal stability and shearing resistance, reversible-crosslinking performance, salinity tolerance, static-filtration performance, gel-breaking performance, and sand-carrying performance. The degrees of core damage are evaluated through conducting coreflooding experiments, where the cores are treated with two kinds of gel-breaking fluids formed by hyperbranched-polymer fracturing fluid and guar fracturing fluid, respectively.
Laboratory tests show that the hyperbranched-polymer fracturing fluid has good rheological characteristics, a high swelling ratio, a high proppant-carrying performance, and good thermal stability and shearing resistance. After being sheared for 90 minutes under 170 s−1 at 150°C, it can still reverse to gel with high strength because of its good reversible-crosslinking performance. This fracturing fluid exhibits a high-salinity tolerance. Furthermore, the hyperbranched polymer has a high swelling ratio. Field applications in some wells in China show that the friction loss of this fracturing fluid during fracturing is approximately 30 to 50% of that of the normal guar fracturing fluid. Thus, it has an ultralow friction-loss feature. As for the same reservoir, hyperbranched-polymer fracturing fluid has a higher flowback ratio compared with the guar fracturing fluid. Besides, its cost is approximately 75% of that of normal guar fracturing fluid, making it a clean and cost-effective system. The fracturing fluid prepared with hyperbranched polymer possesses outstanding technical advantages and good cost effectiveness, implying a promising application in the large-scale fracturing stimulation of low-permeability heavy-oil reservoirs.
CO2 Capture and Usage: Harnessing the CO2 Content in Natural Gas for Environmental and Economic Gains
Authors: Agiaye Emmanuel O. , Othman Mohammed 
Published: July 2016

Summary
Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and usage (CCU) is currently a global topical issue, and is viewed as one possible route to reduction of CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere. The core issues facing the world in current times--development, economy, and environment--are identified as being dependent on the provision of clean, efficient, affordable, and reliable energy services. Currently, the world is highly dependent on fossil fuels for provision of energy services, and the amount of which renewable energies can sufficiently replace is minimal. The deployment of appropriate CO2-separation technologies for the processing of natural gas is viewed as an abatement measure toward global CO2-emissions reduction. Selection of the optimum technology among the several separation technologies for a particular separation need requires special attention to harness the economic and environmental benefits. The captured CO2 would also require appropriate disposal or usage so as to sequester or ’delay’ its re-entry into the atmosphere. These challenges of CCU--involving natural gas particularly during processing, which has become an area of intense research--shall be discussed in the paper with respect to the selected technique for CO2 capture. A typical natural-gas-production scenario in Nigeria shall be analyzed for potential CO2 capture. Further discussion shall be on the identification of the recovered CO2 gas-usage framework, such as CO2 flooding [in enhanced oil recovery (EOR)], for additional revenue generation, assessment of the CO2 savings, and the contribution to the clean development mechanism (CDM).
Diversifying Soybean Production Risk Using Maturity Group and Planting Date Choices
Authors: Weeks Wes , Popp Michael P. , Salmeron Montserrat , Purcell Larry C. , Gbur Edward E. , Bourland Fred M. , Buehring Normie W. , Earnest Larry , Fritschi Felix B. , Golden Bobby R. , Hathcoat Daniel , Lofton Josh , McClure Angela Thompson , Miller Travis D. , Neely Clark , Shannon Grover , Udeigwe Theophilus K. , Verbree David A. , Vories Earl D. , Wiebold William J. , Dixon Bruce L. 
Published: July 2016

While soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production risk is typically managed by planting a range of maturity groups (MGs) across a few different planting dates (PDs), there have been no reports that have quantified changes in risk and profitability using this diversification strategy. Three years of field‐trial data from eight locations in six states were analyzed to determine risk–return tradeoffs across MG and PD. Producer revenue expectations were adjusted by soybean harvest date, assessing oil and meal premiums or discounts, and differential irrigation requirements by MG and PD, whereas costs for seed, fuel, fertilizer, equipment, and chemicals were held constant. Using portfolio theory, an efficient frontier—maximizing net returns for a given level of risk or minimizing risk for a given level of net return—was estimated by location. Cultivars from MG III and MG IV had higher expected net returns than MG V and VI at all locations. Early‐season planting combinations were found to be riskier than the three successive planting dates but led to oil, protein, and seasonal sale price premiums. Across different environments, selecting two to six MG×PD combinations was sufficient to lower risk by 29 to 40% when compared to the single, profit‐maximizing MG×PD choice. Depending on location, this risk reduction decreased net returns between 2 and 22% when compared to the profit‐maximizing MG×PD choice.Core Ideas

Producers often like to diversify by planting across a range of dates and maturity groups.
Diversification is common but risk–return tradeoffs have not been meaningfully quantified.
Early‐season planting combinations were riskier but led to sale price premiums.
Using two to six combinations lowered risk by 29–40% but decreased returns by 2–22%.
Reconversión de la cadena agroindustrial de la caña de azúcar en Veracruz México
Authors: Aguilar Rivera Noé 
Published: July 2016

La agroindustria azucarera de Veracruz participa con 40 % de la producción nacional de sacarosa e integra actividades agrícolas de crecimiento, cosecha y transporte de caña de azúcar con la producción industrial en ingenios azucareros, destilerias y trapiches piloncilleros. Sin embargo, enfrenta retos con la caída de la productividad y aspectos socioeconómicos que ponen en riesgo la seguridad alimentaria y la reconversión de la agroindustria. El objetivo del presente trabajo es evaluar la capacidad y estrategias de reconversión de la agroindustria azucarera de Veracruz mediante el análisis de la productividad de la cadena agroindustrial en el contexto nacional con el uso de diversas herramientas de análisis como Matriz de ponderación de productividad en campo, ingenios azucareros y municipios productores, zonificación agroecológica y diamante de competitividad. Los resultados establecen que el 40 % de los ingenios azucareros poseen indicadores por encima de la media nacional. Las zonas de abasto cañero presentan en su conjunto 12 % menor productividad en relación a su potencial agroecológico, a pesar que en Veracruz el 57.5 % de su zona productora tiene aptitud edafoclimática al cultivo de media a alta y 30 municipios (33.7 %) poseen recursos y capacidades para reconvertirse. Se concluye que las acciones y estrategias para incrementar la productividad para bioenergía y alimentos en Veracruz debe abordarse desde una perspectiva interdisciplinaria como una interfaz entre la optimización del rendimiento, la ecología, limitantes técnicos y socioeconómicos y la nutrición humana como una cuestión de eficiencia de los recursos disponibles.