bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Magnetic Field and Magnetometers in Supporting the Air Navigation
Authors: Ogórek Ireneusz , Grzegorzewski Marek , Maciejowski Maciej 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
At present, the Earth’s magnetic field (geomagnetic field) undergoes considerable variations. The use of towers measuring areal variations in magnetic intensity may provide additional support for aircraft navigation. This paper presents the idea of using magnetometers for supporting GNSS as well as for creating a landing system based on magnetic field variations.
Examination of EGNOS Safety-of-Live Service in Eastern Slovakia
Authors: Ciećko Adam , Grzegorzewski Marek , Oszczak Stanisław , Ćwiklak Janusz , Grunwald Grzegorz , Balint Jan , Szabo Stanislav 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The first PBN approach procedures in Slovakia became operationally effective at Bratislava and Košice airports as of 5 February 2015. The article presents the results of EGNOS Safety-of-Life Service preliminary examination in eastern Slovakia, just before official introduction of these procedures. The practical examination includes static test and test flight made with Cessna plane taking off at the airport in Bidovce — LZBD (just 16 km from international airport in Košice) and passing a route along eastern border of Slovakia. In this region the performance of EGNOS could be unsatisfactory due to lack of RIMS stations to the east from there. The experiment was performed on October 13, 2014 in cooperation of the Air Force Academy in Deblin, the Department of Aviation of Technical University in Košice and University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn.
Some Aspects of Development in Radar Technology in the Context of Accurate Positioning
Authors: Felski Andrzej 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In the end of XX century we were witnesses of the revolution in a radio-navigation, which led to the present domination of GPS. Dozens of radio-navigation systems disappeared. However now in many papers more and more often we can read an opinion, that GNSS monopoly becomes dangerous. This results from the similar sensibility of all GNSS systems on the same disturbances consequential from the similar radiofrequency band and similarly low powers of the signal. There is a growing approval in the maritime world that GNSS will not provide a required resilience because of common vulnerabilities. An anticipated radio navigation system should be a combination of systems, providing redundancy and effective work when GNSS does not work properly. Lately a lot of authors commonly pointed-out a potential advantages of modified Loran (e-Loran), however surely still it will be only a potential option, particularly for the southern hemisphere, where this system has never existed. An issue of alternative systems becomes urgent, because of the growing concern about GNSS system operation. The solution should not demand high financial effort, well fit to the existing law and utilize a present technology. The paper presents a general outlook of potential development in a present radar devices considering their use as an element of a positioning system. In this context radar seems to be an attractive option, however its utilization as an alternative for GNSS should reach considerably higher technical performances. The accessible information prove that it is possible to reach a higher accuracy of the position obtained from the modified radar in the future, especially with the suitable navigational infrastructure on shore.
The Satellite Systems Applications to Automate Navigation in the Coastal Zone
Authors: Katenin Vladimir , Boykov Alexey , Katenin Alexander 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The methods of automatic pilotage along a guided path are well known in the practice of navigation. However these methods have a number of drawbacks, which reduce the effectiveness of their application. It is especially important for river-sea vessel in poor visibility. Because of the large inertia of the vessel and its hydrodynamic properties that are changed by external influences, the process has unstable oscillatory nature. Therefore the vessel moves not in a straight line, but on a winding curve having the general direction that corresponds to the specified value. In this paper new method of coastal navigation with invented new devices supported with satellite navigation receiver is presented.
Harbour Infrastructure Inventory Development with 3D Laser Scanning Method
Authors: Świerczyński Sławomir , Zwolan Piotr 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In the Polish law harbour infrastructure is one of key elements to determine the various cargo types, available means of transport and, ultimately, the significance of any sea port. The structures, devices and installations situated within a port’s boundaries, dedicated to the swift operation of the port, are all designed for tasks that involve the best use of this infrastructure.
The proper development and modernization of this infrastructure may well result in improved cooperation with road networks and transportation on land. Owing to modern technology, it is possible to scan the surrounding buildings or location with great accuracy and render three-dimensional models of the scanned objects.
These models can be used to generate harbour maps with a detailed 3D picture of the entire port and navigational infrastructure. The authors of this article present the possible applications of modern laser scanning technology in port infrastructure surveying, and in particular in the survey of a complicated wharf line on the Motława River along Długie Pobrzeże Street in Gdańsk.
Electrochemical oxidation of salicylhydroxamic acid on Pt electrode
Authors: Hashem El-Sayed Nady , Eissa Salama Eid 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The electrochemical oxidation behavior of salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) on a Pt electrode was investigated in aqueous solution of different pHs, containing 10 mM of SHAM, at 25°C, by cyclic voltammetry technique. The results indicate that the SHAM was oxidized more easily in alkaline medium than acidic and neutral mediums, and the oxidation peaks of SHAM shifted toward lower potential values by increasing pH values. The SHAM electrooxidation involves an irreversible transfer of one or two electron, depending on the pH of solution. If solution pH is lower than 3 and higher than 7, the two electron transfer is involved in the electrooxidation. While, from pH=3 to pH=7, the SHAM electrooxidation involves an irreversible transfer of one electron and two protons in the first step, in agreement with the one step one-electron mechanism. The effect of SHAM concentration on the electrode reaction was investigated in artificial saliva solution. SHAM gives a single irreversible oxidation wave over the wide concentration range studied. Possible mechanism of SHAM electrooxidation was proposed.
Assessment of cytochrome P450 inhibition and induction potential of lupeol and betulin in rat liver microsomes
Authors: Seervi Madhav , Lotankar Shweta , Barbar Shrikant , Sathaye Sadhana 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Background: Lupeol and betulin are triterpenoids that are majorly found in dietary substances. The aim of present study was to investigate the inhibition and induction potential of lupeol and betulin on cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A2, CYP2C11, CYP2D6 and CYP3A2 activities in rat liver microsomes.

Methods: The inhibition and induction studies were conducted using ethoxy resorufin-O-deethylase (CYP1A2), tolbutamide hydroxylase (CYP2C9), and midazolam hydroxylase (CYP3A4) activity assays. In vitro inhibition study was evaluated by incubating lupeol and betulin (1, 3, 10, 30 and 100 μM) with rat liver microsomes, and the metabolite formation was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The induction study was conducted by administering lupeol (20 mg/kg) and betulin (50 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for 14 days to rats followed by liver isolation and microsome preparation.

Results: The IC50 values in inhibition studies were found to be 59.42 μM (CYP1A2), >100 μM (CYP2C11, CYP2D6, CYP3A2) for lupeol, 52.24 μM (CYP1A2), and >100 μM (CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP3A2) for betulin. There was no significant modification observed in the CYP450 isoforms, indicating neither inhibition nor induction potential of lupeol and betulin.

Conclusions: Lupeol and betulin have very low propensity to interact with CYP enzyme, suggesting no CYP inhibitory and inducing potential in rat liver microsomes.
Thimerosal exposure and increased risk for diagnosed tic disorder in the United States: a case-control study
Authors: Geier David A. , Kern Janet K. , Hooker Brian S. , King Paul G. , Sykes Lisa K. , Homme Kristin G. , Geier Mark R. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
A hypothesis testing, case-control study evaluated automated medical records for exposure to organic-Hg from Thimerosal-containing hepatitis B vaccines (TM-HepB) administered at specific intervals in the first six-months-of-life among cases diagnosed with a tic disorder (TD) or cerebral degeneration (CD) (an outcome not biologically plausibly linked to TM exposure) in comparison to controls; both cases and controls were continuously enrolled from birth (born from 1991–2000) within the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) database. TD cases were significantly more likely than controls to have received increased organic-Hg from TM-HepB administered within the first month-of-life (odds ratio (OR)=1.59, p<0.00001), first two-months-of-life (OR=1.59, p<0.00001), and first six-months-of-life (OR=2.97, p<0.00001). Male TD cases were significantly more likely than male controls to have received increased organic-Hg from TM-HepB administered within the first month-of-life (OR =1.65, p<0.0001), first two-months-of-life (OR=1.64, p<0.0001), and first six months-of-life (OR=2.47, p<0.05), where as female TD were significantly more likely than female controls to have received increased organic-Hg from TM-HepB administered within the first six-months-of-life (OR=4.97, p<0.05). By contrast, CD cases were no more likely than controls to have received increased organic-Hg exposure from TM-HepB administered at any period studied within the first six-months-of-life. Although routine childhood vaccination is considered an important public health tool to combat infectious diseases, the present study associates increasing organic-Hg exposure from TM-HepB and the subsequent risk of a TD diagnosis.
Chemopreventive role of Coriandrum sativum against gentamicin-induced renal histopathological damage in rats
Authors: Lakhera Abhijeet , Ganeshpurkar Aditya , Bansal Divya , Dubey Nazneen 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Drug induced nephrotoxicity is one of the most common causes of renal failure. Gentamicin belongs to aminoglycosides, which elicit nephrotoxic potential. Natural antioxidants from plants demonstrate a number of biotherapeutic activities. Coriander is an important medicinal plant known for its hepatoprotective, diuretic, carminative, digestive and antihelminthic potential. This study was designed to investigate whether the extract of Coriandrum sativum ameliorates the nephrotoxicity induced by gentamicin in rats. Dried coriander powder was coarsely grinded and subjected to defatting by petroleum ether and further with ethyl acetate. The extract was filtered and subjected to phytochemical and phytoanalytical studies.
Acute toxicity in Wistar rats was determined by the OECD Guideline (423). Animals were divided into four groups. The first group served as positive control, while the second group was toxic control (gentamicin treated). The third and fourth group were treated with the extract (200 and 400 mg/kg gentamicin). After 8 days, the animals were sacrificed and biochemical and histopathological studies were carried out. Phytochemical screening of the extract demonstrated Coriandrum sativum to be rich in flavonoids, polyphenolics and alkaloids. Results of acute toxicity suggested the use of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg for Coriandrum sativum in the study. Coriandrum sativum extract at the dose of 400 mg/kg significantly (p<0.01) decreased creatinine levels in the animals, along with a decrease in serum urea and blood urea nitrogen. Treatment with Coriandrum sativum extract ameliorated renal histological lesions. It is concluded that Coriandrum sativum is a potential source of nephroprotective phytochemical activity, with flavonoids and polyphenols as the major components.
Local salt substitutes “Obu-otoyo” activate acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase and induce lipid peroxidation in rat brain
Authors: Akinyemi Ayodele J. , Oboh Ganiyu , Ademiluyi Adedayo O. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Evidence has shown that ingestion of heavy metals can lead to neurodegenerative diseases. This study aimed to investigate the neurotoxic potential of salt substitutes (Obu-Otoyo); salt A (made by burning palm kernel shaft then soaked in water overnight and the extract from the resulting residue is used as the salt substitute) and salt B (an unrefined salt mined from a local site at Ilobu town, Osun-State, Nigeria) by assessing their effect on some key enzymes linked with neurodegenerative disease [acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activities] as well as on malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the rat brain. Salt substitutes were fed to normal rats as dietary inclusion at doses of 0.5 and 1.0% for 30 days. Thereafter, the effect of the salt substitutes on AChE and BChE activities as well as on MDA level in the rat brain was determined. The results revealed that the salt substitutes caused a significant (p<0.05) increase in both AChE and BChE activity and also induced lipid peroxidation in the brain of rats in vivo as well as under in vitro condition in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of the salt substitutes on AChE and BChE activities could be attributed to the presence of some toxic heavy metals. Therefore, the ability of the salt substitutes to induce lipid peroxidation and activate AChE and BChE activities could provide some possible mechanism for their neurotoxic effect.
Effect of chronic exposure to cadmium on serum lipid, lipoprotein and oxidative stress indices in male rats
Authors: Samarghandian Saeed , Azimi-Nezhad Mohsen , Shabestari Mahmoud M. , Azad Farahzad Jabbari , Farkhondeh Tahereh , Bafandeh Fereshteh 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental toxic metal implicated in lipid abnormalities. The present study was designed to elucidate the possible association between chronic exposure to Cd concentration and alterations in plasma lipid, lipoprotein, and oxidative stress indices in rats. Sixteen male rats were assigned to 2 groups of 8 rats each (test and control). The Cd-exposed group obtained drinking water containing cadmium chloride (CdCl2) in the concentration of 2.0 mg Cd/L in drinking water for 3 months. At the end of the experimental period, blood samples were obtained to determine the changes of serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and also serum Cd contents. The results of the present study indicated that Cd administration significantly increased the serum levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, MDA and Cd with reduction in the HDL-C and GSH levels. In conclusion, evidence is presented that chronic exposure to low Cd concentration can adversely affect the lipid and lipoprotein profile via lipid peroxidation.
The negotiation of discourse relations in context: Co-constructing degrees of overtness
Authors: Maier Robert M. , Hofmockel Carolin , Fetzer Anita 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis paper examines the linguistic realization of discourse relations in the discourse genre of commentary. Based on a “bare” source text from which all extraclausal constituents had been removed, the linguistic realization of discourse relations is compared across three dyadically co-constructed experimental texts. The methodological framework integrates Segmented Discourse Representation Theory with functional grammar and psycholinguistic models of discourse processing, and describes discourse relations (DRs) that tend to be indexed implicitly only, that is, via intraclausal cues, and others that tend to be indexed with a mix of intra- and extraclausal cues. Continuation and Result; Continuation and Elaboration; and Elaboration, Explanation, and Background show some overlap in their definitions, and that is why their realizations may remain vague unless they are supplemented with extraclausal cues. Salience can account for the overspecifications observed, while underspecifications may be accounted for in terms of cognitive economy.
Performance Analysis of DPSK-OCDMA System for Optical Access Network
Authors: Islam Monirul , Ahmed N. , Aljunid S. A. , Ali Sharafat , Sayeed S. , Sabri Naseer 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn this research, the performance of optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) using differential phase shift keying (DPSK) has been compared with OCDMA On-Off Keying (OOK). This comparison took place in terms of bit error rate (BER) and receiver power where two bit rates (155 Mbps and 622 Mbps) have been used for this analysis. Using of OptiSystem 7.0 simulation, comparing eye diagram and optical spectrum alongside with BER and Rx power. It is found that OCDMA-DPSK performs better in comparison to OCDMA-OOK. The performance analysis also provides parameter for designing and development of an OCDMA system for optical access network using DPSK.
More than one way to skin a thyroid. Managing pediatric hypothyroidism with weekly intramuscular levothyroxine
Authors: Alba Patria , Mitre Naim , Feldt Max 
Published: March 2016

AbstractOral levothyroxine (L-T4) supplementation is usually an effective therapy in pediatric hypothyroidism, except in patients with malabsorption or pseudomalabsorption. In these cases, parenteral L-T4 may be required, but there is a paucity of information about this delivery method in the pediatric population.We present three cases of pediatric patients with primary hypothryoidism unresponsive to oral L-T4 that were successfully treated with intramuscular (IM) L-T4.This is the first pediatric case series of successful IM L-T4 therapy in refractory primary hypothyroidism. Our case series demonstrates that once weekly IM L-T4 dosing may be a safe and well tolerated treatment regimen for pediatric patients.
Comparison between capillary glucose measured with a Contour glucometer and plasma glucose in a population survey
Authors: Stauffer Florine , Viswanathan Bharathi , Jean Maygane , Kinabo Prosper , Bovet Pascal 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Background: Capillary glucose (CG) measured with point-of-care glucometers can provide useful approximation of plasma glucose (PG) in selected circumstances but the validity of measurements has been adequately assessed only for a few glucometers.

Methods: We assessed the difference between CG measured with a glucometer (Contour Ascensia, Bayer) and PG measured with a standard laboratory method in participants to a population-based cardiovascular survey in the Seychelles (sample size 1227).

Results: CG correlated well with PG (r=0.94; p<0.001). The overall difference between PG and CG was –0.55 mmol/L for PG <4.0 mmol/L (n=19; 95% CI –0.92; –0.18); 0.14 mmol/L for PG 4.0–4.9 (n=344; 95% CI 0.08–0.20) and increased according to PG up to 1.64 mmol/L for PG >9.0 mmol/L (n=68; 95% CI 1.36; 1.91). The prevalence of diabetes in the study sample was 29% lower with CG than with PG (8.6% vs. 12.1%) but this bias could be corrected by analytical re-calibration.

Conclusions: CG underestimated PG, although the bias was small among persons with low glycemia. This systematic difference may bear little significance when the purpose is to simply monitor blood glucose but has large impact on prevalence estimates at the population level if CG values are not adequately calibrated.
Quality control and validation in flow cytometry
Authors: Dorn-Beineke Alexandra , Sack Ulrich 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Diagnostic flow cytometry has been established in laboratory diagnostics as an indispensable, deeply specialized method. Because of the special needs of the analysis in vital cells, the introduction and maintenance of quality management systems stays a challenge. Meanwhile, experience has been collected for quality controls and validation in diagnostic flow cytometry. This will be summarized in this article. The focus will be on the relevant rules and regulations for diagnostic laboratories and the associated requirements for medical diagnostics, as well the guidelines of the German Medical Association, Bundesärztekammer, (RiliBÄK) and in particular the accreditation according to DIN EN ISO 15189. In detail, factors influencing flow cytometry analyses, strategies for the standardization and harmonization in flow cytometry, and possibilities for verification and validation in the flow cytometry laboratory are given. A summary of the most frequent quality problems rounds up this overview.
Discourse of persuasion: a preliminary study of the use of metadiscourse in policy documents
Authors: Ho Victor 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) government has proposed a number of reform initiatives in different policy areas since its establishment in 1997. This paper explores and discusses the HKSAR government’s discursive attempt to persuade the people of Hong Kong to accept two education policy reforms it has proposed. Adopting a corpus-based approach and drawing upon the construct of metadiscourse as the method of inquiry in the study, the author found that the HKSAR government had appealed to logos, ethos, and pathos with metadiscourse in the policy reform discourse in actualizing its persuasive attempts. The present study represents a modest attempt to analyze the policy document genre from a metadiscursive perspective and to inform writers of the genre of the possible ways to textualize the three means of persuasion – logos, ethos, and pathos – who will then be more aware of the resources that they can use to enhance the persuasiveness of their writing.
The impact of recurrent propositions on readers’ perceptions of gist: A study of hard news
Authors: Yuan ke Li 
Published: March 2016

AbstractEmploying a systemic functional approach to the analysis of cohesive elements, this paper investigates the impact of recurrent propositions in texts on readers’ perceptions of their gist in a study of hard news and their summaries written by competent readers. The results show that the number of times propositions recur in news does not correspond to readers’ perceptions of their degrees of importance to the gist of news in which they occur, pointing to the limited role of repetition in identifying important propositions. This study also shows that two factors, namely the textual positions of propositions occurring in news, and the relationships between different propositions, played an important part when readers examined whether propositions were important to the gist of news in which they occur. The study complements the corpus-driven approaches to phraseology by extending the scope of phraseological combinations to include paraphrases and other semantic relations in the identification of identical and similar propositions recurring in individual texts.
The Thermodynamic Functions in Curved Space of Neutron Star
Authors: Hussein N.A. , Eisa D.A. , Sayed E.G. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The aim of this article is to calculate the thermodynamic functions of a neutron star in curved space. We obtained equation of state (EOS) and the excess free energy for a neutron star in curved space up to order n
4, where n is the density of particles.