bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprendre la diffusion des roches au Mésolithique en Bretagne : analyse structurale des matériaux et variabilité technique
Authors: Marchand Grégor , Tsobgou Ahoupe Rodrigue 
Published: March 2016

Variabilité technique et styles des industries lithiques sont fonction de la nature des roches utilisées ; notre approche mêle donc la technologie des débitages, la mécanique et l’analyse géologique, afin de comprendre les normes de débitage très particulières de la Bretagne. Le vaste corpus de sites mésolithiques disponibles (1 318 indices et 92 sites mésolithiques dans le seul Finistère) permet de définir des territoires usuels restreints à une soixantaine de kilomètres, avec des principes de diffusion liés à chaque fois aux qualités des roches. Les mesures de la ténacité, de la dureté et de l’élasticité permettent de distinguer les aptitudes des roches métamorphiques, qui s’opposent à celles des roches sédimentaires. Cependant, les caractères de certains faciès d’ultramylonites issues du cisaillement sud armoricain sont proches du silex, avec un débitage alors fort similaire, n’était le fort taux de cassons. Les roches métamorphiques feuilletées ont surtout fait l’objet d’un débitage discoïde bifacial. Le débitage laminaire est le principal sacrifié, alors que les cataclasites en autorisaient pourtant la réalisation. Le recours important à des roches locales pourrait donc être la signature de groupes incapables de mettre en œuvre des réseaux susceptibles d’approvisionner leur système, soit en se déplaçant, soit en entretenant des relations régulières avec leurs voisins.
Datation ESR de dents d’aurochs du site Paléolithique inférieur de Castel di Guido (Italie)
Authors: Michel Véronique , Boschian Giovanni , Valensi Patricia 
Published: March 2016

Le site de Castel di Guido a été découvert en 1970. C’est un site de plein air qui se situe à environ 20 km au nord-ouest de Rome (Italie). Des restes d’Anténéandertaliens (Homo heidelbergensis) ont été découverts associés à une industrie acheuléenne riche en bifaces en os et à de nombreux restes fauniques. Ce site avait déjà fait l’objet d’une première série de datations de dents et d’ossements de grands mammifères par la méthode U-Th. Les âges ESR obtenus sur des dents de Bos primigenius sont présentés dans ce travail. Comme les teneurs en uranium des échantillons d’émail sont très élevées, les âges obtenus selon les deux modes de migration de l’uranium EU (early uptake) et LU (linear uptake) sont très différents. Ils recouvrent respectivement le stade isotopique marin (MIS) 7 et les stades MIS 10-11. La combinaison des méthodes U-Th (Série de l’uranium) et ESR (Résonance de spin électronique) permet la détermination du paramètre p de diffusion de l’uranium pour chacune des dents et l’obtention d’un âge US-ESR. Les valeurs du paramètre p indiquent une migration de l’uranium entre les deux modes EU et LU, propice à l’application du modèle US-ESR qui constitue une estimation de l’âge minimum. Dans l’unité 5 supérieure, une dent est datée de 327 (+34-31) ka par la méthode US-ESR (MIS 9). Dans l’unité inférieure 4, les âges US-ESR de trois dents sont légèrement plus petits compris entre 260 et 298 ka environ, ils recouvrent les stades MIS 8 et 9. Ces âges US-ESR sont en accord avec la biostratigraphie (Faunal Unit de Torre in Pietra, niveaux inférieurs) qui indique un environnement ouvert au cours du stade MIS 9.
Компактные и близкие к ним однородные пространства редуктивных групп Ли
Authors: Gorbatsevich Vladimir Vitalyevich 
Published: March 2016

Изучаются компактные однородные пространства редуктивных групп Ли, а также некоторые их аналоги и обобщения (квазикомпактные и плезиокомпактные однородные пространства таких групп Ли).	Дается описание строения (плезио)равномерных подгрупп в редуктивных группах Ли. Описываются соответствующие однородные пространства, для которых стационарная подгруппа имеет экстремальную	(близкую к минимально или максимально возможной) размерность. Охарактеризованы фундаментальные группы	(плезио)компактных однородных пространств произвольных редуктивных и полупростых групп Ли.
Библиография: 16 названий.
Understanding cirrus ice crystal number variability for different heterogeneous ice nucleation spectra
Authors: Sullivan Sylvia C. , Morales Betancourt Ricardo , Barahona Donifan , Nenes Athanasios 
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Along with minimizing parameter uncertainty, understanding the cause of temporal and spatial variability of the nucleated ice crystal number, Ni, is key to improving the representation of cirrus clouds in climate models. To this end, sensitivities of Ni to input variables like aerosol number and diameter provide valuable information about nucleation regime and efficiency for a given model formulation. Here we use the adjoint model of the adjoint of a cirrus formation parameterization (Barahona and Nenes, 2009b) to understand Ni variability for various ice-nucleating particle (INP) spectra. Inputs are generated with the Community Atmosphere Model version 5, and simulations are done with a theoretically derived spectrum, an empirical lab-based spectrum and two field-based empirical spectra that differ in the nucleation threshold for black carbon particles and in the active site density for dust. The magnitude and sign of Ni sensitivity to insoluble aerosol number can be directly linked to nucleation regime and efficiency of various INP. The lab-based spectrum calculates much higher INP efficiencies than field-based ones, which reveals a disparity in aerosol surface properties. Ni sensitivity to temperature tends to be low, due to the compensating effects of temperature on INP spectrum parameters; this low temperature sensitivity regime has been experimentally reported before but never deconstructed as done here.
Properties of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in the trade wind marine boundary layer of the western North Atlantic
Authors: Kristensen Thomas B. , Müller Thomas , Kandler Konrad , Benker Nathalie , Hartmann Markus , Prospero Joseph M. , Wiedensohler Alfred , Stratmann Frank 
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Cloud optical properties in the trade winds over the eastern Caribbean Sea have been shown to be sensitive to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations. The objective of the current study was to investigate the CCN properties in the marine boundary layer (MBL) in the tropical western North Atlantic, in order to assess the respective roles of inorganic sulfate, organic species, long-range transported mineral dust and sea-salt particles. Measurements were carried out in June–July 2013, on the east coast of Barbados, and included CCN number concentrations, particle number size distributions and offline analysis of sampled particulate matter (PM) and sampled accumulation mode particles for an investigation of composition and mixing state with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in combination with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). During most of the campaign, significant mass concentrations of long-range transported mineral dust was present in the PM, and influence from local island sources can be ruled out. The CCN and particle number concentrations were similar to what can be expected in pristine marine environments. The hygroscopicity parameter κ was inferred, and values in the range 0.2–0.5 were found during most of the campaign, with similar values for the Aitken and the accumulation mode. The accumulation mode particles studied with TEM were dominated by non-refractory material, and concentrations of mineral dust, sea salt and soot were too small to influence the CCN properties. It is highly likely that the CCN were dominated by a mixture of sulfate species and organic compounds.
Anna
Authors: Wandycz Piotr S. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In 1954 I was offered a teaching position in the Department of History at Indiana University in Bloomington. This was largely due to the fact that my former Cambridge tutor Norman J. G. Pounds was organizing a center of Russian and Eastern European studies at IU. He brought in not only historians but also language teachers. So two Poles, Feliks Jabłonowski and Wacław Soroka, came with their families to Bloomington as teachers. I was very pleased for I felt rather isolated in the typically Midwestern Hoosier milieu. The Polish contingent grew significantly when in 1957 the graduate school admitted the first Polish student in my field. Her name was Anna Maria Cienciala. The name was not unfamiliar. The Cienciala family was well known in Teschen, Silesia (Zaolzie), for propagating the Polish culture endangered by German and Czech expansion. Anna’s father, however, was appointed director of the Polish Naval Agency in 1927 and moved to Gdańsk (then the Free City of Danzig), where Anna was born in 1929. She spent her childhood in Gdynia attending the school of Sister Ursulines. Her upbringing was very patriotic, and she spent most of her holidays in Poland. In those days Danzig was, in the words of Marshal Piłsudski, “the barometer of German- Polish relations.” Anna was aware of the growing tensions. She later recalled a characteristic episode while walking with her sister in Gdańsk. Naturally, they conversed in Polish, and when a uniformed German Nazi admonished them, “Deutsch sprechen,” she responded, “Dass ist doch eine Freie Stadt.”
Tribute to Anna
Authors: Hetherington Peter 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
I like to think of myself as Anna Cienciala’s student. Anna was one of the most outstanding teachers I have ever known, yet I never attended any of her classes or met her in person. How I came to know Anna requires some explanation. In 2012, I completed a biography of Joseph Piłsudski. The book was unusual in that it was written by someone who was not a historian. Not sure whether the book was worthy of further refinement, I scanned the Internet for “Polish historians” and sent copies to those unlucky enough to be on the list. Surprisingly, some of those contacted sent words of encouragement, and one, Ewa Thompson, research professor of Slavic studies at Rice University, even agreed to meet to discuss the project. For reasons unknown, Ewa helped edit the book and encouraged me to conduct further research. In addition, despite my glaring lack of credentials, she offered to introduce me to other Polish historians.
Prelude to Arms: Polonia and the Struggle for Polish Independence in World War I
Authors: Hapak Joseph T. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The cause of restoring an independent Poland stirred much interest among the American Polonia during World War I. The Polish Falcons and Polish National Alliance were especially active in the struggle. These efforts needed to be carried out discreetly or in the form of individual voluntarism in the earlier phases of the conflict, so as not to conflict with the policy of US neutrality. After the entrance of the United States into the Allied coalition in 1917, a considerable number of volunteers from America swelled the ranks of the Polish armed forces.
L’Europe en soi: proposition pour un récit politique européen
Authors: Toni Ramoneda  
Published: March 2016

This article proposes a narrative voice for European politics by the use of some interviews that have been made with political actors that work or have worked in the European institutions. The paper explores within the theoretical frame of Habermas discursive rationality the existence of a European being by means of utterance. A European narrative thus appears in the words pronounced by the actors having been interviewed. Indeed as far as we follow the theory of institutional facts, the discursive rationality and the concept of claim as a political action, this narrative becomes by itself the Europe in utterance.
What It Means to Be European: Alexis Tsipras’s Victory in Blogs and Online Newspapers
Authors: Giorgia Riboni  
Published: March 2016

Starting from the assumption that new media play a crucial role in circulating discourses about Europe, this paper sets out to compare the representations of the Union circulated by the online press of two member states, Italy and the UK, which have been participating in the European political project to a significantly different extent. Two comparable corpora consisting of texts posted by online newspapers and blogs in Britain and in Italy in the period January 24-26, 2015 on occasion of Greece’s general election have been collected and analyzed. The data obtained thanks to the utilization of a methodological toolkit combining Critical Discourse Analysis and Corpus Linguistics reveal the presence of common discourses about the possible causes of the electoral outcome in Greece, i.e. the victory of a mildly eurosceptic party, and about the ways in which the Greek political scene can affect that of other member states. Conversely, remarkable differences as to what it means to be part of the European Union emerge in the study: whereas British media discourse considers the EU mainly as an economic reality, their Italian counterparts construct it as a geocultural and political entity.
<b>Fetih Derneği ve İstanbul’un Fethinin 500. Yılı</b> / <i>Association of Conquest and The 500th Anniversary of Conquest of Istanbul</i>
Authors: Tağmat Çağla Derya 
Published: March 2016

<p><strong>Fetih Derneği ve İstanbul’un Fethinin 500. Yılı </strong></p><p><strong>Öz</strong></p><p>Türkiye’de, 500. yıldönümü 1953 yılında kutlanacak olan İstanbul’un Fethi kutlamaları için hazırlıklara Cumhurbaşkanı İsmet İnönü döneminde başlanmış ve 1950 yılında 500. Yıl ve Müteakip Fetih Yıllarını Kutlama Derneği adıyla bir dernek kurulmuştur. 1950 yılında yapılan seçimler sonucunda yaşanan hükümet değişimi fetih kutlama planlarına gölge düşürmemiş ve hazırlıklar devam etmiştir. Demokrat Parti iktidarı döneminde hazırlıklarına hızlı bir şekilde devam eden cemiyet, yaşadığı maddi imkânsızlıklara rağmen çeşitli faaliyetler organize etmiştir. Başbakan Adnan Menderes ve Cumhurbaşkanı Celal Bayar’ın katılmadığı kutlama etkinlikleri, çeşitli eksiklikler ve devlet erkânının katılmamasından dolayı basın tarafından sert eleştirilere maruz kalmıştır. Diğer yandan devlet erkânının törenlere katılmamış olması kutlanılan olayın bir diğer muhatabı Yunanistan tarafından da bir sağduyu örneği olarak nitelendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Demokrat Parti döneminde faaliyet gösteren Fetih Derneği, derneğin yapısı, organizasyonları ve kutlama faaliyetleri arşiv belgeleri ve süreli yayınlar kullanılarak incelenmiştir. </p><p><strong>Association of Conquest and The 500th Anniversary of Conquest of Istanbul </strong></p><p><strong>Abstract </strong></p><p>In Turkey, the preperations of conquest celebrations of Istanbul, of which 500th anniversary would be celebrated in 1953, were begun in the period of President Ismet Inonu and an association called Association of 500th Anniversary and Celebrating the Following Anniversaries of Conquest of Istanbul was founded. The governmental change as a result of 1950 elections did not overshadow to the plans of conquest celebrations and then preparations continued. The association which proceeded its preparations rapidly in the Democratic Party era, organised several activities inspite of financial impossibilities. The celebration activities in which Prime Minister Adnan Menderes and President Celal Bayar didn’t attend were criticised rigorously by press because of the deficiencies of organizations and absence of high officials. On the other hand the absence of the president and the prime minister in the celebrations, was qualified as an example of common sense by the other part of the case, Greece. In this study the Association of Conquest which was active in Democrat Party era, the structure and organizations of the association and its celebration activities were analysed in the light of archival documents and periodicals. </p>
The effect of fluid composition, salinity, and acidity on subcritical crack growth in calcite crystals
Authors: Bergsaker Anne Schad , Røyne Anja , Ougier‐Simonin Audrey , Aubry Jérôme , Renard François 
Published: March 2016

AbstractChemically activated processes of subcritical cracking in calcite control the time‐dependent strength of this mineral, which is a major constituent of the Earth's brittle upper crust. Here experimental data on subcritical crack growth are acquired with a double torsion apparatus to characterize the influence of fluid pH (range 5–7.5) and ionic strength and species (Na2SO4, NaCl, MgSO4, and MgCl2) on the propagation of microcracks in calcite single crystals. The effect of different ions on crack healing has also been investigated by decreasing the load on the crack for durations up to 30 min and allowing it to relax and close. All solutions were saturated with CaCO3. The crack velocities reached during the experiments are in the range 10−9–10−2 m/s and cover the range of subcritical to close to dynamic rupture propagation velocities. Results show that for calcite saturated solutions, the energy necessary to fracture calcite is independent of pH. As a consequence, the effects of fluid salinity, measured through its ionic strength, or the variation of water activity have stronger effects on subcritical crack propagation in calcite than pH. Consequently, when considering the geological sequestration of CO2 into carbonate reservoirs, the decrease of pH within the range of 5–7.5 due to CO2 dissolution into water should not significantly alter the rate of fracturing of calcite. Increase in salinity caused by drying may lead to further reduction in cracking and consequently a decrease in brittle creep. The healing of cracks is found to vary with the specific ions present.
Nitrate ion spikes in ice cores not suitable as proxies for solar proton events
Authors: Duderstadt Katharine A. , Dibb Jack E. , Schwadron Nathan A. , Spence Harlan E. , Solomon Stanley C. , Yudin Valery A. , Jackman Charles H. , Randall Cora E. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractNitrate ion spikes in polar ice cores are contentiously used to estimate the intensity, frequency, and probability of historical solar proton events, quantities that are needed to prepare for potentially society‐crippling space weather events. We use the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model to calculate how large an event would have to be to produce enough odd nitrogen throughout the atmosphere to be discernible as nitrate peaks at the Earth's surface. These hypothetically large events are compared with probability of occurrence estimates derived from measured events, sunspot records, and cosmogenic radionuclides archives. We conclude that the fluence and spectrum of solar proton events necessary to produce odd nitrogen enhancements equivalent to the spikes of nitrate ions in Greenland ice cores are unlikely to have occurred throughout the Holocene, confirming that nitrate ions in ice cores are not suitable proxies for historical individual solar proton events.
Single‐Molecule Light Microscopy
Authors: Yserentant Klaus , Herten Dirk‐Peter 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

The complexity of biological processes requires experimental techniques which are able to resolve events on appropriate temporal and spatial scales. As all biological processes are ultimately driven by the dynamics and interactions of individual molecules, studies on the single‐molecule level provide important insights about a large variety of parameters at thermodynamic equilibrium and without ensemble averaging. In the life sciences, single‐molecule experiments are preferentially performed using fluorescence light microscopy owing to its high sensitivity, its temporal resolution and its ability to address live and thus dynamic specimen. By today, a range of single‐molecule techniques such as single‐pair Förster resonance energy transfer (
FRET
), single‐molecule tracking and different counting techniques are readily available to characterise molecular interactions, conformational dynamics, complex stoichiometries and translational mobilities in biological systems both
in vitro
and
in situ
.

Key Concepts

Single‐molecule analysis of biological processes allows to observe the behaviour of individual molecules rather than ensemble averages.

Owing to its sensitivity, fluorescence microscopy is the dominating single‐molecule technique used in the life sciences.

Detection of individual fluorescently labelled biomolecules requires dilution of the sample and spatial restriction of the observation volume.

A variety of single‐molecule fluorescence microscopy techniques is now being routinely applied in many laboratories.

The recent introduction of single‐molecule DNA sequencers illustrates the commercial impact of single‐molecule techniques in the life sciences.

The absolute stoichiometry of individual macromolecular complexes can be determined by different counting methods such as photobleaching step analysis.

Single‐pair Förster resonance energy transfer (spFRET) can be used to measure molecular interactions and intramolecular distances at the nanometre level.

Tracking of individual molecules in their native context helps understanding how their behaviour is influenced by interactions with other molecules and by cellular processes.

Among other things, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) can be used to investigate the diffusion of individual molecular species and the interaction of multiple species with each other.
Posthumanism
Authors: Bolter Jay David 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe term “posthumanism” is applied to a range of contemporary theoretical positions put forward by researchers in philosophy, science and technology studies, literary studies, critical theory, theoretical sociology, and communication studies. The term designates a new way of understanding the human subject and its relationship to the natural world. Posthumanist theory claims to offer a new epistemology not centered in Cartesian dualism. It seeks to undermine the traditionally firm boundaries between the human, the animal, and the technological.
Communication Theory and the Disciplines
Authors: Pooley Jefferson D. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Communication theory, like the communication discipline itself, has a long history but a short past. This entry traces the range of contributions to communication theory, some influential and others neglected, from the disciplines beyond communication studies. The treatment is divided into three disciplinary categories: (1) the social sciences; (2) cognate fields (like film studies) whose domains overlap with communication; and (3) the humanities. The entry concludes that, despite the many influential theories imported over the last 60 years, a great many have failed to register in our traditions. The line dividing influence from indifference, in other words, has remained strikingly arbitrary.
Easy Access to a Library of Alkylindoles: Reductive Alkylation of Indoles with Carbonyl Compounds and Hydrosilanes under Indium Catalysis
Authors: Nomiyama Shota , Hondo Takehiro , Tsuchimoto Teruhisa 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBy applying carbonyl compounds as sources of alkyl groups to the indium‐catalyzed reductive alkylation of indoles, a reliable and practical method capable of offering a wide range of alkylindoles with structural diversity has been developed. An important feature of this method is that the loading of the indium catalyst can be reduced by more than that of the original alkyne‐based system.magnified image