bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-intensity case management increases contact with primary care in recently released prisoners: a single-blinded, multisite, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kinner Stuart A , Alati Rosa , Longo Marie , Spittal Matthew J , Boyle Frances M , Williams Gail M , Lennox Nicholas G 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundThe world prison population is large and growing. Poor health outcomes after release from prison are common, but few programmes to improve health outcomes for ex-prisoners have been rigorously evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of individualised case management on contact with health services during the first 6 months post-release.MethodsSingle-blinded, randomised, controlled trial. Baseline assessment with N=1325 adult prisoners in Queensland, Australia, within 6 weeks of expected release; follow-up interviews 1, 3 and 6 months post-release. The intervention consisted of provision of a personalised booklet (‘Passport’) at the time of release, plus up to four brief telephone contacts in the first 4 weeks post-release.ResultsOf 1179 eligible participants, 1003 (85%) completed ≥1 follow-up interview. In intention-to-treat analyses, 53% of the intervention group and 41% of the control group reported contacting a general practitioner (GP) at 1 month post-release (difference=12%, 95% CI 5% to 19%). Similar effects were observed for GP contact at 3 months (difference=9%, 95% CI 2% to 16%) and 6 months (difference=8%, 95% CI 1% to 15%), and for mental health (MH) service contact at 6 months post release (difference=8%, 95% CI 3% to 14%).ConclusionsIndividualised case management in the month after release from prison increases usage of primary care and MH services in adult ex-prisoners for at least 6 months post-release. Given the poor health profile of ex-prisoners, there remains an urgent need to develop and rigorously evaluate interventions to increase health service contact in this profoundly marginalised population.Trial registration numberACTRN12608000232336.
How a universal health system reduces inequalities: lessons from England
Authors: Asaria Miqdad , Ali Shehzad , Doran Tim , Ferguson Brian , Fleetcroft Robert , Goddard Maria , Goldblatt Peter , Laudicella Mauro , Raine Rosalind , Cookson Richard 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundProvision of universal coverage is essential for achieving equity in healthcare, but inequalities still exist in universal healthcare systems. Between 2004/2005 and 2011/2012, the National Health Service (NHS) in England, which has provided universal coverage since 1948, made sustained efforts to reduce health inequalities by strengthening primary care. We provide the first comprehensive assessment of trends in socioeconomic inequalities of primary care access, quality and outcomes during this period.MethodsWhole-population small area longitudinal study based on 32 482 neighbourhoods of approximately 1500 people in England from 2004/2005 to 2011/2012. We measured slope indices of inequality in four indicators: (1) patients per family doctor, (2) primary care quality, (3) preventable emergency hospital admissions and (4) mortality from conditions considered amenable to healthcare.ResultsBetween 2004/2005 and 2011/2012, there were larger absolute improvements on all indicators in more-deprived neighbourhoods. The modelled gap between the most-deprived and least-deprived neighbourhoods in England decreased by: 193 patients per family doctor (95% CI 173 to 213), 3.29 percentage points of primary care quality (3.13 to 3.45), 0.42 preventable hospitalisations per 1000 people (0.29 to 0.55) and 0.23 amenable deaths per 1000 people (0.15 to 0.31). By 2011/2012, inequalities in primary care supply and quality were almost eliminated, but socioeconomic inequality was still associated with 158 396 preventable hospitalisations and 37 983 deaths amenable to healthcare.ConclusionsBetween 2004/2005 and 2011/2012, the NHS succeeded in substantially reducing socioeconomic inequalities in primary care access and quality, but made only modest reductions in healthcare outcome inequalities.
Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in self-assessed health in 17 European countries between 1990 and 2010
Authors: Hu Yannan , van Lenthe Frank J , Borsboom Gerard J , Looman Caspar W N , Bopp Matthias , Burström Bo , Dzúrová Dagmar , Ekholm Ola , Klumbiene Jurate , Lahelma Eero , Leinsalu Mall , Regidor Enrique , Santana Paula , de Gelder Rianne , Mackenbach Johan P 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundBetween the 1990s and 2000s, relative inequalities in all-cause mortality increased, whereas absolute inequalities decreased in many European countries. Whether similar trends can be observed for inequalities in other health outcomes is unknown. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of trends in socioeconomic inequalities in self-assessed health (SAH) in Europe between 1990 and 2010.MethodsData were obtained from nationally representative surveys from 17 European countries for the various years between 1990 and 2010. The age-standardised prevalence of less-than-good SAH was analysed by education and occupation among men and women aged 30–79 years. Socioeconomic inequalities were measured by means of absolute rate differences and relative rate ratios. Meta-analysis with random-effects models was used to examine the trends of inequalities.ResultsWe observed declining trends in the prevalence of less-than-good SAH in many countries, particularly in Southern and Eastern Europe and the Baltic states. In all countries, less-than-good SAH was more prevalent in lower educational and manual groups. For all countries together, absolute inequalities in SAH were mostly constant, whereas relative inequalities increased. Almost no country consistently experienced a significant decline in either absolute or relative inequalities.ConclusionsTrends in inequalities in SAH in Europe were generally less favourable than those found for inequalities in mortality, and there was generally no correspondence between the two when we compared the trends within countries. In order to develop policies or interventions that effectively reduce inequalities in SAH, a better understanding of the causes of these inequalities is needed.
Cognitive assessment of older adults at the acute care interface: the informant history
Authors: Dyer Adam H , Nabeel Shamis , Briggs Robert , O'Neill Desmond , Kennelly Sean P 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPurpose of the studyAn informant history is critical in the complete cognitive assessments of older adults, but has never been formally assessed.Study designA convenience sample of older adults aged ≥70 years were assessed using cognitive screeners for delirium (confusion assessment method-intensive care unit) and dementia (standardised Mini Mental State Examination and AD8) in a tertiary referral emergency department (ED).ResultsA total of 220/270 (81.5%) adults were included in the study (mean age 78.8±6.16; 49.1% male). Informant histories, obtained in almost two-thirds (61.1%, 66/108) of patients where desired, revealed a cognitive pattern suggestive of previously undiagnosed dementia in 39.4% (26/66). Most informants were relatives/friends (93.9%, 62/66) and were rated very good/excellent in contribution to care (96.9%, 64/66) and ability to provide useful information (93.9%, 62/66). The acute environment was also rated suitable to brief informant interviewing (mean duration &lt;6 min) in terms of privacy (8.4±1.6/10) and accessibility (8.5±1.47/10). Following a review of the attending ED physician's notes, an informant history (either obtained/desired/refused) was only documented in 5.6% of cases.ConclusionsThe informant history represents a much underused tool in the cognitive assessment of older adults presenting to the ED. The main barrier to informant interviewing in the ED environment appears to be informant availability. Where available, the informant history is easy to extract and provides invaluable information to the assessing physician. The acute care environment is suitable to brief informant interviews using readily available frameworks (AD8). However, the informant history is rarely obtained in this context, and further emphasis on undergraduate and postgraduate medical curricula is warranted.
Deformation band development as a function of intrinsic host-rock properties in Triassic Sherwood Sandstone
Authors: Griffiths Joshua , Faulkner Daniel R. , Edwards Alexander P. , Worden Richard H. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Deformation bands significantly alter the local petrophysical properties of sandstone reservoirs, although it is not known how the intrinsically variable characteristics of sandstones (e.g. grain size, sorting and mineralogy) influence the nature and distribution of deformation bands. To address this, cataclastic deformation bands within fine- and coarse-grained Triassic Sherwood Sandstone at Thurstaston, UK were analysed, for the first time, using a suite of petrographical techniques, outcrop studies, helium porosimetry and image analysis. Deformation bands are more abundant in the coarse-grained sandstone than in the underlying fine-grained sandstone. North- and south-dipping conjugate sets of cataclastic bands in the coarse-grained sandstone broadly increase in density (defined by number/m
2
) when approaching faults. Microstructural analysis revealed that primary grain size controls deformation band density. Deformation bands in both coarse and fine sandstones led to significantly reduced porosity, and so can represent barriers or baffles to lateral fluid flow. Microstructural data show preferential cataclasis of K-feldspar grains within the host rock and deformation band. The study is of direct relevance to the prediction of reservoir quality in several petroleum-bearing Lower Triassic reservoirs in the near offshore, as deformation band development occurred prior to Carboniferous source-rock maturation and petroleum migration.
Trace element composition of authigenic quartz in sandstones and its correlation with fluid–rock interaction during diagenesis
Authors: Götte Thomas 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The properties of sandstones are strongly affected by formation of minerals in the pore space during diagenesis. In many sandstones, quartz overgrowths are the most important pore-filling cements and show a characteristic trace element composition. The most important impurities are Al, Li, H and Ge.

The Al concentration of quartz may reach up to several 1000 µmol mol
−1
and is assumed to reflect the composition of the porewater. Geochemical modelling of the activity ratio of Al and Si revealed a minimum at nearly neutral to slightly acid conditions. This minimum shifts to lower pH with increasing temperatures. Due to complexing, organic acids may strongly affect the Al solubility especially in acidic water at low temperatures. There is a linear correlation between Al and Li, indicating their incorporation in a combined [AlO
4
|Li] centre. Since Li only accounts for 10–30% of the Al concentration, the remaining Al needs to be balanced by H. The ratio of Li/H-compensated Al centres seems to depend on the Li activity and the pH in the aqueous solution. Germanium concentrations in quartz cements are slightly higher than the crustal average and they show a weak correlation with Al. The excess of Ge in authigenic quartz requires pre-enrichment, probably by formation of kaolinite. Possible applications of trace element analyses of authigenic quartz include discrimination of different sources that contribute to the supply of silica, enhanced understanding of inhomogeneities that are related to cementation and possible tracking of fluid migration.
Numerical assessment of the potential for future limnic eruptions at lakes Nyos and Monoun, Cameroon, based on regular monitoring data
Authors: Kozono Tomofumi , Kusakabe Minoru , Yoshida Yutaka , Ntchantcho Romaric , Ohba Takeshi , Tanyileke Gregory , Hell Joseph V. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

We assessed the potential for limnic eruptions at lakes Nyos and Monoun, Cameroon on the basis of numerical modelling and CO
2
profiles obtained by regular monitoring of the lakes. The change through time of the profiles suggests one particular scenario for producing an eruption: a supply of CO
2
-undersaturated fluid from the lake bottom that induces upwards growth of the CO
2
-rich bottom layer, leading eventually to CO
2
saturation at mid-depths of the lake. By using a numerical model for the ascent of a plume of CO
2
bubbles, we found that under realistic conditions (e.g. a profile of CO
2
as deduced from the regular monitoring data), a bubble plume generated from the middle depths of the lake can reach the lake surface with a high flux of CO
2
, which corresponds to a limnic eruption. In addition, we developed a numerical model to investigate how changes in the CO
2
concentration at the lake bottom affect the dynamics of a two-phase flow in the controlled degassing pipe, using the recently observed CO
2
profiles. This model enables us to estimate the CO
2
concentrations at the lake bottom from the heights of fountains that are observable at the lake surface.
Combined Treatment with Epigenetic, Differentiating, and Chemotherapeutic Agents Cooperatively Targets Tumor-Initiating Cells in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Merino Vanessa F. , Nguyen Nguyen , Jin Kideok , Sadik Helen , Cho Soonweng , Korangath Preethi , Han Liangfeng , Foster Yolanda M.N. , Zhou Xian C. , Zhang Zhe , Connolly Roisin M. , Stearns Vered , Ali Syed Z. , Adams Christina , Chen Qian , Pan Duojia , Huso David L. , Ordentlich Peter , Brodie Angela , Sukumar Saraswati 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Efforts to induce the differentiation of cancer stem cells through treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) have yielded limited success, partially due to the epigenetic silencing of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-β. The histone deacetylase inhibitor entinostat is emerging as a promising antitumor agent when added to the standard-of-care treatment for breast cancer. However, the combination of epigenetic, cellular differentiation, and chemotherapeutic approaches against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has not been investigated. In this study, we found that combined treatment of TNBC xenografts with entinostat, ATRA, and doxorubicin (EAD) resulted in significant tumor regression and restoration of epigenetically silenced RAR-β expression. Entinostat and doxorubicin treatment inhibited topoisomerase II-β (TopoII-β) and relieved TopoII-β-mediated transcriptional silencing of RAR-β. Notably, EAD was the most effective combination in inducing differentiation of breast tumor–initiating cells in vivo. Furthermore, gene expression analysis revealed that the epithelium-specific ETS transcription factor-1 (ESE-1 or ELF3), known to regulate proliferation and differentiation, enhanced cell differentiation in response to EAD triple therapy. Finally, we demonstrate that patient-derived metastatic cells also responded to treatment with EAD. Collectively, our findings strongly suggest that entinostat potentiates doxorubicin-mediated cytotoxicity and retinoid-driven differentiation to achieve significant tumor regression in TNBC. Cancer Res; 76(7); 2013–24. ©2016 AACR.
Ovarian Cancers Harboring Inactivating Mutations in CDK12 Display a Distinct Genomic Instability Pattern Characterized by Large Tandem Duplications
Authors: Popova Tatiana , Manié Elodie , Boeva Valentina , Battistella Aude , Goundiam Oumou , Smith Nicholas K. , Mueller Christopher R. , Raynal Virginie , Mariani Odette , Sastre-Garau Xavier , Stern Marc-Henri 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
CDK12 is a recurrently mutated gene in serous ovarian carcinoma, whose downregulation is associated with impaired expression of DNA damage repair genes and subsequent hypersensitivity to DNA-damaging agents and PARP1/2 inhibitors. In this study, we investigated the genomic landscape associated with CDK12 inactivation in patients with serous ovarian carcinoma. We show that CDK12 loss was consistently associated with a particular genomic instability pattern characterized by hundreds of tandem duplications of up to 10 megabases (Mb) in size. Tandem duplications were characterized by a bimodal (∼0.3 and ∼3 Mb) size distribution and overlapping microhomology at the breakpoints. This genomic instability, denoted as the CDK12 TD-plus phenotype, is remarkably distinct from other alteration patterns described in breast and ovarian cancers. The CDK12 TD-plus phenotype was associated with a greater than 10% gain in genomic content and occurred at a 3% to 4% rate in The Cancer Genome Atlas–derived and in-house cohorts of patients with serous ovarian carcinoma. Moreover, CDK12-inactivating mutations together with the TD-plus phenotype were also observed in prostate cancers. Our finding provides new insight toward deciphering the function of CDK12 in genome maintenance and oncogenesis. Cancer Res; 76(7); 1882–91. ©2016 AACR.
Larger Size of Donor Alloreactive NK Cell Repertoire Correlates with Better Response to NK Cell Immunotherapy in Elderly Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients
Authors: Curti Antonio , Ruggeri Loredana , Parisi Sarah , Bontadini Andrea , Dan Elisa , Motta Maria Rosa , Rizzi Simonetta , Trabanelli Sara , Ocadlikova Darina , Lecciso Mariangela , Giudice Valeria , Fruet Fiorenza , Urbani Elena , Papayannidis Cristina , Martinelli Giovanni , Bandini Giuseppe , Bonifazi Francesca , Lewis Russell E. , Cavo Michele , Velardi Andrea , Lemoli Roberto M. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Purpose: In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), alloreactive natural killer (NK) cells are crucial mediators of immune responses after haploidentical stem cell transplantation. Allogeneic NK cell infusions have been adoptively transferred with promising clinical results. We aimed at determining whether the composition of NK graft in terms of frequency of alloreactive NK cells influence the clinical response in a group of elderly AML patients undergoing NK immunotherapy.
Experimental Design: Seventeen AML patients, in first complete remission (CR; median age 64 years, range 53–73) received NK cells from haploidentical KIR-ligand–mismatched donors after fludarabine/cyclophosphamide chemotherapy, followed by IL2. To correlate donor NK cell activity with clinical response, donor NK cells were assessed before and after infusion.
Results: Toxicity was moderate, although 1 patient died due to bacterial pneumonia and was censored for clinical follow-up. With a median follow-up of 22.5 months (range, 6–68 months), 9 of 16 evaluable patients (0.56) are alive disease-free, whereas 7 of 16 (0.44) relapsed with a median time to relapse of 9 months (range, 3–51 months). All patients treated with molecular disease achieved molecular CR. A significantly higher number of donor alloreactive NK cell clones was observed in responders over nonresponders. The infusion of higher number of alloreactive NK cells was associated with prolonged disease-free survival (0.81 vs. 0.14, respectively; P = 0.03).
Conclusions: Infusion of purified NK cells is feasible in elderly AML patients as post-CR consolidation strategy. The clinical efficacy of adoptively transferred haploidentical NK cells may be improved by infusing high numbers of alloreactive NK cells. Clin Cancer Res; 22(8); 1914–21. ©2016 AACR.
See related commentary by Muntasell and López-Botet, p. 1831
Suppression of Metastases Using a New Lymphocyte Checkpoint Target for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Blake Stephen J. , Stannard Kimberley , Liu Jing , Allen Stacey , Yong Michelle C.R. , Mittal Deepak , Aguilera Amelia Roman , Miles John J. , Lutzky Viviana P. , de Andrade Lucas Ferrari , Martinet Ludovic , Colonna Marco , Takeda Kazuyoshi , Kühnel Florian , Gurlevik Engin , Bernhardt Günter , Teng Michele W.L. , Smyth Mark J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractCD96 has recently been shown as a negative regulator of mouse natural killer (NK)–cell activity, with Cd96−/− mice displaying hyperresponsive NK cells upon immune challenge. In this study, we have demonstrated that blocking CD96 with a monoclonal antibody inhibited experimental metastases in three different tumor models. The antimetastatic activity of anti-CD96 was dependent on NK cells, CD226 (DNAM-1), and IFNγ, but independent of activating Fc receptors. Anti-CD96 was more effective in combination with anti–CTLA-4, anti–PD-1, or doxorubicin chemotherapy. Blocking CD96 in Tigit−/− mice significantly reduced experimental and spontaneous metastases compared with its activity in wild-type mice. Co-blockade of CD96 and PD-1 potently inhibited lung metastases, with the combination increasing local NK-cell IFNγ production and infiltration. Overall, these data demonstrate that blocking CD96 is a new and complementary immunotherapeutic strategy to reduce tumor metastases.Significance: This article illustrates the antimetastatic activity and mechanism of action of an anti-CD96 antibody that inhibits the CD96–CD155 interaction and stimulates NK-cell function. Targeting host CD96 is shown to complement surgery and conventional immune checkpoint blockade. Cancer Discov; 6(4); 446–59. ©2016 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 331
Phase I Study of Random Healthy Donor–Derived Allogeneic Natural Killer Cell Therapy in Patients with Malignant Lymphoma or Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Yang Yaewon , Lim Okjae , Kim Tae Min , Ahn Yong-Oon , Choi Hana , Chung Hyejin , Min Bokyung , Her Jung Hyun , Cho Sung Yoo , Keam Bhumsuk , Lee Se-Hoon , Kim Dong-Wan , Hwang Yu Kyeong , Heo Dae Seog 
Published: January 2016

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells with mismatched killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor–ligand pairs have shown efficacy and been proven safe in treatment of cancer patients. Ex vivo–expanded and highly activated NK cells (MG4101) had been generated under good manufacturing practice conditions, which demonstrated potent anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo in preclinical studies. The current phase I clinical trial was designed to evaluate safety and possible clinical efficacy of repetitive administrations of MG4101 derived from random unrelated healthy donors into patients with malignant lymphoma or advanced, recurrent solid tumors. The maximum dose (3 × 107 cells/kg, triple infusion) was tolerable without significant adverse events. Of 17 evaluable patients, 8 patients (47.1%) showed stable disease and 9 (52.9%) showed progressive disease. We also evaluated the capacity of MG4101 to influence host immune responses. Administration of MG4101 augmented NKG2D expression on CD8+ T cells and upregulated chemokines that recruit T cells. In contrast, administration of MG4101 reduced regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells and suppressed TGFβ production. In conclusion, administration of a large number of MG4101 cells was not only safe and feasible, but also exhibited efficacy in maintaining the effector arm of the host immune response. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(3); 215–24. ©2016 AACR.
Luz e cena: impactos e trocas
Authors: Camargo Roberto Gill 
Published: January 2016

<p>Este artigo analisa alguns aspectos da relação coevolutiva entre a luz e a cena no teatro, a partir dos impactos de uma sobre a outra e consequentes trocas e processos adaptativos. O texto toma por base estudos de Katz e Greiner sobre corpo e ambiente, e busca referências históricas sobre luz nas concepções de Brecht, Artaud e Grotowski.</p>
O desempenho da escuridão: análise do valor dramatúrgico do black-out em Cercles/Fictions de Joël Pommerat
Authors: Ferrer Maria Clara 
Published: January 2016

<p>O black-out tornou-se, ao longo da trajetória artística de Joël Pommerat, uma “figura de estilo” pela qual se pode reconhecer os espetáculos da Companhia Louis Brouillard. Este artigo questiona a importância dramatúrgica desse procedimento dentro da escrita cênica do autor-encenador francês. Concentrando-se na análise de Cercles/Fictions (2010), criação que marca na obra do artista uma primeira ruptura com a frontalidade da caixa cênica, busca-se entender como a escuridão atua na composição e na percepção do espetáculo, adquirindo um valor performativo.</p>