bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy and carbon metabolisms in a deep terrestrial subsurface fluid microbial community
Authors: Momper Lily , Jungbluth Sean P , Lee Michael D , Amend Jan P 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The terrestrial deep subsurface is a huge repository of microbial biomass, but in relation to its size and physical heterogeneity, few sites have been investigated in detail. Here, we applied a culture-independent metagenomic approach to characterize the microbial community composition in deep (1500 meters below surface) terrestrial fluids. Samples were collected from a former gold mine in Lead, South Dakota, USA, now Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF). We reconstructed 74 genomes from metagenomes (MAGs), enabling the identification of common metabolic pathways. Sulfate and nitrate/nitrite reduction were the most common putative energy metabolisms. Complete pathways for autotrophic carbon fixation were found in more than half of the MAGs, with the reductive acetyl-CoA pathway by far the most common. Nearly 40% (29 of 74) of the recovered MAGs belong to bacterial phyla without any cultivated members—microbial dark matter. Three of our MAGs constitute two novel phyla previously only identified in 16 S rRNA gene surveys. The uniqueness of this data set—its physical depth in the terrestrial subsurface, the relative abundance and completeness of microbial dark matter genomes and the overall diversity of this physically deep, dark, community—make it an invaluable addition to our knowledge of deep subsurface microbial ecology.
Voltage controlled interfacial magnetism through platinum orbits
Authors: Miwa Shinji , Suzuki Motohiro , Tsujikawa Masahito , Matsuda Kensho , Nozaki Takayuki , Tanaka Kazuhito , Tsukahara Takuya , Nawaoka Kohei , Goto Minori , Kotani Yoshinori , Ohkubo Tadakatsu , Bonell Frédéric , Tamura Eiiti , Hono Kazuhiro , Nakamura Tetsuya , Shirai Masafumi , Yuasa Shinji , Suzuki Yoshishige 
Published: June 2017

AbstractElectric fields at interfaces exhibit useful phenomena, such as switching functions in transistors, through electron accumulations and/or electric dipole inductions. We find one potentially unique situation in a metal–dielectric interface in which the electric field is atomically inhomogeneous because of the strong electrostatic screening effect in metals. Such electric fields enable us to access electric quadrupoles of the electron shell. Here we show, by synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy, electric field induction of magnetic dipole moments in a platinum monatomic layer placed on ferromagnetic iron. Our theoretical analysis indicates that electric quadrupole induction produces magnetic dipole moments and provides a large magnetic anisotropy change. In contrast with the inability of current designs to offer ultrahigh-density memory devices using electric-field-induced spin control, our findings enable a material design showing more than ten times larger anisotropy energy change for such a use and highlight a path in electric-field control of condensed matter.
Systemic blockade of P2X7 receptor protects against sepsis-induced intestinal barrier disruption
Authors: Wu Xiuwen , Ren Jianan , Chen Guopu , Wu Lei , Song Xian , Li Guanwei , Deng Youming , Wang Gefei , Gu Guosheng , Li Jieshou 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSepsis, during which the intestinal epithelial barrier is frequently disrupted, remains a challenging and life-threatening problem in clinical practice. The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is a non-selective adenosine triphosphate-gated cation channel present in macrophages that is involved in inflammatory responses. However, little is known about the role of P2X7R in macrophages during sepsis-induced intestinal barrier disruption. In this study, mice were treated with the P2X7R antagonist A740003 or the agonist BzATP by intra-peritoneal injection after the induction of gut-origin sepsis. The survival rates, inflammatory responses, intestinal barrier integrity, macrophage marker expression, and ERK and NF-κB activities were evaluated. Intestinal macrophages were also isolated and studied after exposure to Brilliant Blue G or BzATP. We found that a systemic P2X7R blockade downregulated sepsis-induced inflammatory responses and attenuated intestinal barrier dysfunction based on the evidence that mice in the A740003-treated group exhibited alleviated pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis, intestinal hyperpermeability, epithelial apoptosis rates and tight junction damage compared with the septic mice. These changes were partly mediated by the inhibition of M1 macrophages activation via ERK/NF-κB pathways. Our data presented herein show that a P2X7R blockade could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of sepsis-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction.
High-transmission acoustic self-focusing and directional cloaking in a graded perforated metal slab
Authors: Zhao Sheng-Dong , Wang Yue-Sheng , Zhang Chuanzeng 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA design strategy and its modeling for high-transmission acoustic self-focusing and directional cloaking in a two-dimensional (2D) and an axisymmetric three-dimensional (3D) gradient-index phononic crystal (GRIN-PC) are reported in this paper. A gradient perforated aluminum slab sandwiched by water is considered. A low-loss directional cloaking device is achieved by controlling the matching coefficient between the slab and the water. The anisotropy coefficient that affects the scattering properties is also introduced. Furthermore, the phase discontinuity for directional cloaking inside and outside the slab is overcome by introducing a non-gradient slab having a lower group velocity behind the GRIN slab as an acoustic delay device. In addition, an axisymmetric 3D directional cloaking structure is obtained by rotating the corresponding 2D structure around the slab axis.
Osteochondral Autologous Transplantation Compared to Microfracture for Treating Osteochondral Defect: An Updated Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Haien Zhao , Jiachang Wu , Qiang Li , Yufeng Mei , Zhenwei Ji 
Published: June 2017

AbstractVarious techniques have proven to be effective for treating articular cartilage defect of the knee joint, but knowledge regarding which method is best still remains uncertain. Osteochondral autologous transplantation (OAT) provides hyaline or hyaline-like repair for articular defects, whereas microfracture (MF) provides fibrocartilage repair tissue. To compare the OAT with MF procedure for the treatment of articular cartilage defect, we present an update of previous meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.We searched for the published results of relevant trials. Then, we pooled the outcome measures of the included trials for analysis. The outcome measures assessed in this study included the number of patients who reached excellent or good results, the patients returning to the activity, the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) scores, the failure rate, and the osteoarthritis rate. Six studies and 294 patients were identified as eligible for data extraction and meta-analysis. The pooled result showed that there was no significant difference in the excellent or good results (relative risks [RRs], 1.27; 95% confidence intervals [CIs], 0.95 to 1.70; p = 0.11) and the rate of osteoarthritis (RRs, 0.64; 95% CIs, 0.37 to 1.13; p = 0.12). There were significant differences between the two groups in the scores of ICRS (mean differences [MDs], 12.51; 95% CIs, 10.55 to 14.47; p = 0.00001), the patients returning to activity (RRs, 2.04; 95% CIs, 1.36 to 3.07; p = 0.0006), and in the failure rate (RRs, 0.23; 95% CIs, 0.11 to 0.49; p = 0.0001). OAT has more advantages compared with MF procedure in referring to the index of return to activity, the scores of ICRS, and the rate of failure. However, the limitations restrict the generalizability of this study, and larger, sufficiently powered studies are necessary to evaluate the efficiency of OAT compared with MF procedure in the future.
Effect of Obesity on Gestational and Perinatal Outcomes
Authors: Madi Sônia Regina Cabral , Garcia Rosa Maria Rahmi , Souza Vandrea Carla de , Rombaldi Renato Luís , Araújo Breno Fauth de , Madi José Mauro 
Published: June 2017

Purpose To assess the impact of pre-pregnancy obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m2) on the gestational and perinatal outcomes.
Methods Retrospective cohort study of 731 pregnant women with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 at the first prenatal care visit, comparing them with 3,161 women with a BMI between 18.5 kg/m2 and 24.9 kg/m2. Maternal and neonatal variables were assessed. Statistical analyses reporting the demographic features of the pregnant women (obese and normal) were performed with descriptive statistics followed by two-sided independent Student's t tests for the continuous variables, and the chi-squared (χ2) test, or Fisher's exact test, for the categorical variables. We performed a multiple linear regression analysis of newborn body weight based on the mother's BMI, adjusted by maternal age, hyperglycemic disorders, hypertensive disorders, and cesarean deliveries to analyze the relationships among these variables. All analyses were performed with the R (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) for Windows software, version 3.1.0. A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results Obesity was associated with older age [OR 9.8 (7.8–12.2); p < 0.01], hyperglycemic disorders [OR 6.5 (4.8–8.9); p < 0.01], hypertensive disorders [OR 7.6 (6.1–9.5); p < 0.01], caesarean deliveries [OR 2.5 (2.1–3.0); p < 0.01], fetal macrosomia [OR 2.9 (2.3–3.6); p < 0.01] and umbilical cord pH [OR 2.1 (1.4–2.9); p < 0.01). Conversely, no association was observed with the duration of labor, bleeding during labor, Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes after birth, gestational age, stillbirth and early neonatal mortality, congenital malformations, and maternal and fetal injury.
Conclusion We observed that pre-pregnancy obesity was associated with maternal age, hyperglycemic disorders, hypertension syndrome, cesarean deliveries, fetal macrosomia, and fetal acidosis.
Endoscopic Sural Nerve Removal in Obstetric Brachial Plexopathy Using Basic Endoscopy Instruments: Technical Note
Authors: Malheiros José , Cançado Sérgio , Belo João , Garcia Luiz , Oliveira Marcelo , Malessy Martjin 
Published: June 2017

Introduction The sural nerve (SN) is commonly used for grafting following resection of a neuroma-in-continuity in neonatal brachial plexus lesions (NBPL). The main drawbacks of the current open techniques are large scars and contractures in the late postoperative stage, which may, in severe cases, cause equinovarus contractures.
Objective To describe the feasibility and the technical aspects of endoscopic SN harvesting with the use of basic endoscopy instruments and small incisions.
Methods Prospective observational study of NBPL subjected to endoscopic nerve harvesting between February of 2012 and February of 2014 in a consecutive series. Patients were operated at the Felício Rocho Hospital (Hospital Felício Rocho) and the Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Minas Gerais (Hospital das Clínicas UFMG), Belo Horizonte/MG, in Brazil. The study outcomes assessed were: scar size, presence or absence of contractures in the calf, bleeding volume (measured by the number of gauzes used) and number of incisions. Only patients with a follow-up longer than 6 months were included.
Results Seven patients were selected and twelve endoscopic nerves were endoscopically harvested. The average surgery time was 45 minutes. Nine SNs were harvested through two incisions, and three nerves through three incisions. The estimated bleeding was less than 5ml and there were no complications or contractures during the follow-up period of 6 months to 4 years.
Conclusion Sural nerve harvesting in children with NBPL is feasible and it offers the advantage of needing only two or three small incisions using basic endoscopy instruments.
Acute Abdomen Secondary to Ruptured Epithelial Ovarian Cancer during Pregnancy: The Relevance of Teamwork
Authors: Ortiz-Mendoza Carlos Manuel , Vera-Vázquez Sandra Adriana , Gómez-Rodríguez Manuel , López-Gómez José Luis , Bornstein-Quevedo Leticia 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAcute abdomen secondary to epithelial ovarian cancer rupture during pregnancy is a rare event. Our aim is to present how the work of a coordinated multidisciplinary team in a case of ruptured epithelial ovarian cancer during pregnancy is feasible to obtain the best results possible. A 34-year-old woman during the 37th week of her first gestation presented with an acute abdomen. During laparotomy, a ruptured 16.5-cm left ovarian tumor was detected; the tumor was extirpated and sent to pathologic evaluation. In the meantime, a Kerr cesarean section was performed, and a healthy female neonate was born. The tumor was diagnosed as a cystadenocarcinoma; therefore, the family and the combined surgical team (obstetricians and a surgical oncologist) decided to complete a definitive radical ovarian cancer surgery: hysterectomy, right salpingo-oophorectomy, lymphadenectomy, omentectomy and appendectomy. The patient's postoperative evolution was uneventful, and she was sent to adjuvant chemotherapy.
Rare Case of Young Patient with Intraventricular Angiomatous Meningioma
Authors: Heemann Gabriel Carvalho , Paglioli Rafael Silva , Wainberg Ricardo Chmelnitsky 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPediatric meningiomas are rare and account for only 2.2% of the central nervous system (CNS) tumors. In this age group, they are more frequently located in atypical sites, such as, mainly, the ventricular system, with a frequency of 8.8 to 13.6%. Adding this to the fact that the angiomatous subtype constitutes only 2.1% of all meningiomas, the rarity of the case reported here is corroborated. We report a 17-year-old female patient diagnosed with intraventricular angiomatous meningioma; she underwent surgical resection of the tumor in the body and frontal horn of the right lateral ventricle, and there were no neurological sequelae. With a follow-up of 26 months, there was no recurrence and the patient had clinical stability. Intraventricular tumors usually have slow growth and reach a considerable size until they cause symptoms and then are diagnosed. In addition, the deep location of the tumor and its proximity to eloquent areas make these tumors a neurosurgical challenge. The angiomatous subtype, due to the presence of hypervascularization (consisting of > 50% of vascular components), may, in some cases, hinder surgical resection as well as be erroneously diagnosed. However, surgical treatment aimed at total resection of the lesion remains the conduct of choice in the case reported here, especially in patients in the first two decades of life, in which the use of radiation is avoided. Specifically when it comes to the surgery, we chose a transcalosal approach that allows a good transoperative visualization of the lesion when located in the body and frontal horn of the lateral ventricle.
Epidemiology and Estimated Cost of Surgeries for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Conducted by the Unified Health System in Brazil (2008–2016)
Authors: Magalhães Marcelo José da Silva de , Fernandes Jeffet Lucas Silva , Alkmim Mateus Silva , Anjos Evandro Barbosa dos 
Published: June 2017

Objective To define the epidemiological aspects and estimated costs of surgeries performed by the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS, in the Portuguese acronym) for the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in Brazil between 2008 and 2016.
Materials and Methods Documentary study, with data from the Informatics Department of the SUS (DATASUS, in the Portuguese acronym), about the absolute number and incidence of admissions, the total and mean length of stay (in days), the total expenses, and the hospital and professional services expenses in the surgical treatment of CTS.
Results During the period studied, there were 82,123 hospitalizations for surgery, with a 62% increase from 2008 to 2015, accompanied by an increase in the values of professional services. The incidence and the absolute number of procedures were higher in the South and Southeast regions. The North region presented the lowest expenses, absolute number, and incidence of admissions, as well as the longer mean length of stay. The mean length of stay decreased from 1.2 days in 2008 to 0.7 day in 2016. The expenses totaled BRL 29,463,148.80 during the period studied. After 2011, professional services became the largest portion of the total expenses. Hospital expenses corresponded to 52.49% of the expenditure in 2008, and to 36.24% in 2015, while professional expenses received the largest investment compared with the total amount expended in 2012.
Conclusion The present study was not consistent with the international literature regarding epidemiological data and cost estimates. Brazil presented a disparity between absolute numbers and annual incidence of admissions and length of stay. Future researches can assess variables that have influenced these results, as well as contribute to public interventions aimed at the improvement of health care.
Kyphoplastie – Vertebroplastie – Vertebral-Body-Stenting-System-Stentoplastie
Authors: Littwin Timm , Schmid Stefan , Eder Christian , Mayr Edgar 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungEs werden die Anwendungen, Indikationen und Komplikationen der perkutanen Vertebroplastie, Kyphoplastie und VBS-Stentoplastie (VBS: Vertebral Body Stenting) bei der Behandlung vertebraler Kompressionsfrakturen vorgestellt. Bedingt durch die zunehmende Zahl osteoporotischer Wirbelkörperfrakturen und traumatischer Wirbelfrakturen bei Osteoporose ist der Bedarf an Zementierverfahren am Wirbelkörper stark gewachsen. Allen Verfahren ist gemeinsam, dass sie ausschließlich beim betagten Patienten zur Anwendung kommen. Ferner darf das Potenzial zur Wiederaufrichtung des sagittalen Profils all dieser Verfahren nicht überschätzt werden. Die Handhabung der Verfahren ist vergleichsweise einfach und sicher. Es kommen jedoch häufig Zementaustritte und Anschlussfrakturen vor.
Symptomatic isolated terminal ileal ulcers: etiology and clinical significance
Authors: Mehta Varun , Gupta Ankita , Mahajan Ramit , Narang Vikram , Midha Vandana , Sood Neena , Kaur Harpreet , Kaur Kirandeep , Sood Ajit 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Background With an increasing number of ileal intubations, isolated terminal ileal ulcers (ITIU) are frequently found during colonoscopies. The present study aimed at studying the etiology and clinical significance of these ulcers in patients having gastrointestinal symptoms.
Methods This was a prospective observational study performed on consecutive patients who underwent ileocolonoscopy for various gastrointestinal symptoms between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2014. Clinical, endoscopic, and histological findings of patients with ITIUs were assessed to determine the etiology and they were treated accordingly. Symptom resolution was assessed within 3 – 6 months of initial diagnosis, and colonoscopy was repeated for consenting patients.
Results Among 74 (4.9 %) of 1497 patients who had ITIUs on ileocolonoscopy, 41 (55.4 %) had specific etiologies on initial testing. After 3 – 6 months follow-up, definitive diagnosis was ascertained in 44 (59.5 %) patients [Crohn’s disease (CD): 19 (25.7 %), NSAID-induced ulcers: 11 (14.9 %), intestinal tuberculosis (ITB): 9 (12.2 %), and eosinophilic enteritis: 5 (6.8 %)], and 30 patients (40.5 %) had nonspecific ulcers. After treatment, symptomatic and endoscopic resolution were noted in 55/60 patients (91.7 %) and 28/36 patients (77.8 %), respectively. Of 5/60 patients who remained symptomatic, three were initially diagnosed with nonspecific ulcers and two with CD, and they were finally diagnosed with CD and ITB respectively, and treated accordingly.
Conclusions In patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, more than half of the ITIUs have specific etiologies, and timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment can prevent serious complications. Nonspecific ulcers can be managed with symptomatic treatment, but need close monitoring and re-evaluation in the case of persistence of symptoms.
Zementaugmentierte Pedikelschrauben
Authors: Blattert Thomas 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungAuch wenn die Augmentation von Pedikelschrauben im strukturschwachen Wirbelkörper zwischenzeitlich sicherlich zu den Standardverfahren der Wirbelsäulenchirurgie gerechnet werden darf, gibt es doch mehrere indikatorische und operationstechnische Aspekte, die berücksichtigt werden müssen. Der vorliegende Artikel möchte vor allem praxisbezogene Hinweise sowie Tipps und Tricks für die Zementaugmentation von Pedikelschrauben geben. Dabei werden wesentliche Aspekte der präoperativen Planung wie Länge des Konstrukts, Art des verwendeten Zements sowie verschiedene Schraubendesigns besprochen. Für die eigentliche OP-Durchführung werden Hinweise zu verschiedenen Zementiertechniken gegeben sowie wesentliche Aspekte der eigentlichen OP-Technik erläutert. Neben der Darstellung der eigenen Ergebnisse wird schließlich auf das Problem der Zementleckage sowie auf das potenzielle Revisionsverhalten zementaugmentierter Schrauben eingegangen.
In vivo characterization of abnormalities in small-bowel diseases using probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy
Authors: Ohmiya Naoki , Horiguchi Noriyuki , Tahara Tomomitsu , Nagasaka Mitsuo , Nakagawa Yoshihito , Shibata Tomoyuki , Tsukamoto Tetsuya , Kuroda Makoto 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) enables real-time optical biopsy. Little is known about pCLE imaging deep inside the small bowel, therefore the aim of this study was to determine its usefulness.
Patients and methods Between April 2014 and January 2016, we performed 38 pCLE examinations during double-balloon enteroscopy with intravenous fluorescein in 37 patients with: tumors (n = 10), vascular disorders (n = 6), inflammatory diseases and drug injuries (n = 13), other disorders (n = 4), and normal findings (n = 4). We measured the calibers of capillary and lymphatic vessels at 15 different sites and compared the calibers between pCLE images and histopathology. We also compared pCLE findings with pathologic diagnosis.
Results The inner diameters of capillary vessels beneath the epithelium and in the middle of villi were 16.2 ± 3.0 µm and 14.5 ± 3.1 µm, respectively, in the pCLE images, but these were not consistent with formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded histology. In tumors, larger capillary vessels were observed in aggressive malignant lymphoma and metastasis, and a “soccer ball-like pattern” constituting homogenous dark cells packed with polygonal, narrower capillary vessels was characteristic in pCLE images of a malignant lymphoma follicle. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and angiodysplasia contained anastomosis of capillary vessels of different calibers. In IgA vasculitis, segmental capillary strictures were observed. Intestinal lymphangiectasia with protein-losing enteropathy contained a reticular network of lymphatic vessels and dilated lymphatic ducts accompanied by numerous cell gaps. pCLE findings corresponded to pathologic diagnosis in 32 examinations (91 %).
Conclusions pCLE is useful for in vivo analysis of abnormalities of the capillary and lymphatic vessels and epithelium, and for diagnosis in various small-bowel diseases.Study registration: UMIN 000013857
Den Einstieg erleichtern
Authors: Welk Ina 
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung
Zusammenarbeit im interkulturellen OP-Team Eine „Willkommenskultur“ kann
neue Kollegen mit Migrationshintergrund dabei unterstützen, das berufliche
Umfeld kennenzulernen und sich ins Team zu integrieren. Um Schwierigkeiten
vorzubeugen und Ängste abzubauen, eignen sich Patenschaften und
Mentoring-Programme. Tipps für ein strukturiertes Einarbeitungs- und
Integrationsprogramm gibt unsere Autorin.