bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypokalaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: the effect of finerenone—a FIDELITY analysis
Authors: Pitt Bertram , Agarwal Rajiv , Anker Stefan D , Rossing Peter , Ruilope Luis , Herzog Charles A , Greenberg Barry , Pecoits-Filho Roberto , Lambelet Marc , Lawatscheck Robert , Scalise Andrea , Filippatos Gerasimos 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aims
Hypokalaemia is associated with cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This exploratory FIDELITY analysis, a prespecified pooled patient-dataset from FIDELIO-DKD and FIGARO-DKD, investigated the incidence and effect of hypokalaemia in patients with CKD and type 2 diabetes (T2D) treated with finerenone vs. placebo.

Methods and results
Outcomes include the incidence of treatment-emergent hypokalaemia (serum potassium &lt;4.0 or &lt;3.5 mmol/L) and the effect of finerenone on cardiovascular composite outcome (cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure) and arrhythmia composite outcome (new diagnosis of atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter, hospitalization due to arrhythmia, or sudden cardiac death) by baseline serum potassium subgroups. In the FIDELITY population, treatment-emergent hypokalaemia with serum potassium &lt;4.0 and &lt;3.5 mmol/L occurred in 41.1% and 7.5%, respectively. Hazards of cardiovascular and arrhythmia composite outcomes were higher in patients with baseline serum potassium &lt;4.0 vs. 4.0–4.5 mmol/L [hazard ratio (HR) 1.16; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.32, P = 0.022 and HR 1.20; 95% CI 1.00–1.44, P = 0.055, respectively]. Finerenone reduced the incidence of hypokalaemia with serum potassium &lt;4.0 mmol/L (HR 0.63; 95% CI 0.60–0.66) and &lt;3.5 mmol/L (HR 0.46; 95% CI 0.40–0.53) vs. placebo. Finerenone lessened the hazard of cardiovascular and arrhythmia events vs. placebo, irrespective of baseline serum potassium.

Conclusion
A substantial proportion of patients with CKD and T2D experienced hypokalaemia, which was associated with an increased hazard of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Finerenone reduced the incidence of hypokalaemia. Finerenone reduced the hazard of cardiovascular and arrhythmia outcomes irrespective of serum potassium subgroups.
Clinical trials registration: FIDELIO-DKD and FIGARO-DKD are registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, numbers NCT02540993 and NCT02545049, respectively (funded by Bayer AG).
Coevolution promotes the coexistence of Tasmanian devils and a fatal, transmissible cancer
Authors: Clement Dale T , Gallinson Dylan G , Hamede Rodrigo K , Jones Menna E , Margres Mark J , McCallum Hamish , Storfer Andrew 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases threaten natural populations, and data-driven modeling is critical for predicting population dynamics. Despite the importance of integrating ecology and evolution in models of host–pathogen dynamics, there are few wild populations for which long-term ecological datasets have been coupled with genome-scale data. Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) populations have declined range wide due to devil facial tumor disease (DFTD), a fatal transmissible cancer. Although early ecological models predicted imminent devil extinction, diseased devil populations persist at low densities, and recent ecological models predict long-term devil persistence. Substantial evidence supports the evolution of both devils and DFTD, suggesting coevolution may also influence continued devil persistence. Thus, we developed an individual-based, eco-evolutionary model of devil–DFTD coevolution parameterized with nearly 2 decades of devil demography, DFTD epidemiology, and genome-wide association studies. We characterized potential devil–DFTD coevolutionary outcomes and predicted the effects of coevolution on devil persistence and devil–DFTD coexistence. We found a high probability of devil persistence over 50 devil generations (100 years) and a higher likelihood of devil–DFTD coexistence, with greater devil recovery than predicted by previous ecological models. These novel results add to growing evidence for long-term devil persistence and highlight the importance of eco-evolutionary modeling for emerging infectious diseases.
Evolutionary Adaptation in Heterogeneous and Changing Environments
Authors: Chaturvedi Nandita , Chatterjee Purba 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Organisms that are adapting to long-term environmental change almost always deal with multiple environments and trade-offs that affect their optimal phenotypic strategy. Here, we combine the idea of repeated variation or heterogeneity, like seasonal shifts, with long-term directional dynamics. Using the framework of fitness sets, we determine the dynamics of the optimal phenotype in two competing environments encountered with different frequencies, one of which changes with time. When such an optimal strategy is selected for in simulations of evolving populations, we observe rich behavior that is qualitatively different from and more complex than adaptation to long-term change in a single environment. The probability of survival and the critical rate of environmental change above which populations go extinct depend crucially on the relative frequency of the two environments and the strength and asymmetry of their selection pressures. We identify a critical frequency for the stationary environment, above which populations can escape the pressure to constantly evolve by adapting to the stationary optimum. In the neighborhood of this critical frequency, we also find the counter-intuitive possibility of a lower bound on the rate of environmental change, below which populations go extinct, and above which a process of evolutionary rescue is possible.
Antifungal activity of poly(lactic acid) nanofibers containing the essential oil from Corymbia citriodora Hook or the monoterpenes β-citronellol and citronellal against mycotoxigenic fungi
Authors: Caetano Alex Rodrigues Silva , Cardoso Maria das Graças , de Oliveira Juliano Elvis , Batista Luiz Roberto , Alves Eduardo , Natarelli Caio Vinicius Lima , Campolina Gabriela Aguiar , Ferreira Vanuzia Rodrigues Fernandes , Nelson David Lee 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Food contamination by mycotoxigenic fungi is one of the principal factors that cause food loss and economic losses in the food industry. The objective of this work was to incorporate the essential oil from Corymbia citriodora Hook and its constituents citronellal and β-citronellol into poly(lactic acid) nanofibers; to characterize the nanofibers by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry; to evaluate the antifungal activity by the fumigation method; to evaluate the antimycotoxigenic activity against Aspergillus carbonarius, Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus westerdijkiae, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus parasiticus; and to evaluate the morphology of these microorganisms. All the nanofibers had a regular, smooth, and continuous morphology. FTIR analyses confirmed that the active ingredients were incorporated into the polymer matrix. All samples exhibited antifungal and ochratoxigenic inhibitory activities of up to 100% and 99%, respectively, with the best results observed for (PLA + 30 wt% β-citronellol) nanofibers and (PLA + 30 wt% citronellal) nanofibers. However, 100% inhibition of the production of aflatoxin B1 and B2 was not observed. The images obtained by SEM indicated that the nanofibers caused damage to the hyphae, caused a decrease in the production of spores, and caused deformation, rupture, and non-formation of the conid head, might be an alternative for the control of mycotoxigenic fungi.
There are multiple clocks that time us: Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations among 14 alternative indicators of age and aging
Authors: Drewelies Johanna , Homann Jan , Vetter Valentin Max , Duezel Sandra , Kühn Simone , Deecke Laura , Steinhagen–Thiessen Elisabeth , Jawinski Philippe , Markett Sebastian , Lindenberger Ulman , Lill Christina M , Bertram Lars , Demuth Ilja , Gerstorf Denis 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Aging is a complex process influenced by mechanisms operating at numerous levels of functioning. Multiple biomarkers of age have been identified, yet we know little about how the different alternative age indicators are intertwined. In the Berlin Aging Study II (nmin= 328; nmax= 1,517, women = 51%; 14.27 years of education), we examined how levels and seven-year changes in indicators derived from blood assays, MRI brain scans, other-ratings, and self-reports converge among older adults. We included eight epigenetic biomarkers (incl. five epigenetic “clocks”), a BioAge composite from clinical laboratory parameters, brain age, skin age, subjective age, subjective life expectancy, and future health horizon. We found moderate associations within aging domains, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally over seven years. However, associations across different domains were infrequent and modest. Notably, participants with older BioAge had correspondingly older epigenetic ages. Our results suggest that different aging clocks are only loosely interconnected and that more specific measures are needed to differentiate healthy from unhealthy aging.
Functional Impairments, Phenotypic Frailty, and Sector-Specific Incremental Healthcare Costs in Older Adults
Authors: Ensrud Kristine E , Schousboe John T , Kats Allyson M , Taylor Brent C , Duan-Porter Wei , Sheets Kerry M , Boyd Cynthia M , Cawthon Peggy M , Langsetmo Lisa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
This study quantifies incremental healthcare expenditures of functional impairments and phenotypic frailty in specific healthcare sectors.

Methods
Pooled 2023 analysis of 4 prospective cohort studies linked with Medicare claims including 4 318 women and 3 847 men attending an index examination (2002–2011). Annualized inpatient, skilled nursing facility (SNF), home healthcare (HHC), and outpatient costs (2023 dollars) ascertained for 36 months following index examination. Functional impairments (difficulty performing 4 activities of daily living) and frailty phenotype (operationalized using 5 components) derived from cohort data. Weighted multimorbidity index including demographics derived from claims.

Results
Mean age at index examination was 79.2 years. After accounting for multimorbidity and each other, average annualized incremental costs of 3–4 functional impairments versus no impairment in women (men) were $2 838 ($5 516) in inpatient, $1 572 ($1 446) in SNF, and $1 349 ($1 060) in HHC sectors; average incremental costs of phenotypic frailty versus robust in women (men) was $4 100 (not significant for men) in inpatient, $1 579 ($1 254) in SNF, and $645 ($526) in HHC sectors. Incremental inpatient costs were primarily due to a higher hospitalization risk, while incremental SNF and HHC costs were related to both increased risks of utilization and higher costs among individuals with utilization. Neither geriatric domain was associated with outpatient costs.

Conclusions
In this study of community-dwelling beneficiaries, functional impairments were independently associated with higher subsequent expenditures in inpatient, SNF, and HHC sectors among both sexes. Phenotypic frailty was independently associated with higher subsequent inpatient costs in women, and higher SNF and HHC costs in both sexes.
Cortical Surface Area Profile Mediates Effects of Childhood Disadvantage on Later-Life General Cognitive Ability
Authors: Tang Rongxiang , Elman Jeremy A , Reynolds Chandra A , Puckett Olivia K , Panizzon Matthew S , Lyons Michael J , Hagler Donald J , Fennema-Notestine Christine , Eyler Lisa T , Dorros Stephen M , Dale Anders M , Kremen William S , Franz Carol E 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Childhood disadvantage is associated with lower general cognitive ability (GCA) and brain structural differences in midlife and older adulthood. However, the neuroanatomical mechanisms underlying childhood disadvantage effects on later-life GCA remain poorly understood. Although total surface area (SA) has been linked to lifespan GCA differences, total SA does not capture the nonuniform nature of childhood disadvantage effects on neuroanatomy, which varies across unimodal and transmodal cortices. Here, we examined whether cortical SA profile—the extent to which the spatial patterning of SA deviates from the normative unimodal–transmodal cortical organization—is a mediator of childhood disadvantage effects on later-life GCA.

Methods
In 477 community-dwelling men aged 56–72 years old, childhood disadvantage index was derived from four indicators of disadvantages and GCA was assessed using a standardized test. Cortical SA was obtained from structural magnetic resonance imaging. For cortical SA profile, we calculated the spatial similarity between maps of individual cortical SA and MRI-derived principal gradient (i.e., unimodal–transmodal organization). Mediation analyses were conducted to examine the indirect effects of childhood disadvantage index through cortical SA profile on GCA.

Results
Around 1.31% of childhood disadvantage index effects on later-life GCA were mediated by cortical SA profile, whereas total SA did not. Higher childhood disadvantage index was associated with more deviation of the cortical SA spatial patterning from the principal gradient, which in turn related to lower later-life GCA.

Discussion
Childhood disadvantage may contribute to later-life GCA differences partly by influencing the spatial patterning of cortical SA in a way that deviates from the normative cortical organizational principle.
An abnormal increase in CD26(−)CD28(−) cytotoxic effector CD4 and CD8 T cell populations in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Hatano Ryo , Nakamura Hayato , Yamamoto Ayako , Otsuka Haruna , Itoh Takumi , Hosokawa Nao , Yu Jinghui , Ranjbar Sedigheh , Hasegawa Yuta , Sato Tsutomu , Dang Nam H , Ohnuma Kei , Morimoto Shinji , Sekigawa Iwao , Ishii Tomonori , Morimoto Chikao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
CD26 is a human T cell costimulatory molecule as well as a T cell subset marker, and the increase of CD26+ T cells in inflamed tissues and peripheral blood has been reported in diverse autoimmune diseases. In contrast, our group has previously shown that levels of circulating CD26+ T cells are decreased in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), although the role of reduced CD26 T cell surface expression in SLE pathology remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we conducted CD26-based T cell subset analyses utilizing peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 57 SLE patients and 31 healthy adult volunteers. We show that the increase in the CD26(−) T cell population reflects the abnormal expansion of CD26(−)CD28(−) cytotoxic subsets of both CD8 T cells and CD4 T cells in SLE patients. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of the CD26(−)CD28(−) CD4 and CD8 T cell populations reveals unique characteristics with similarities to natural killer T cells. In addition, the level of CD26(−)CD28(−) T cells is increased in some active-stage SLE patients with renal manifestation. Meanwhile, the effect of prednisolone treatment on these populations varies from patient to patient, with levels of these cytotoxic effector populations still being elevated in some inactive-stage SLE patients. Taken together, our data suggest that analysis of these populations in SLE may be a useful tool to classify this markedly heterogeneous condition.
Sulfur-oxidizing symbionts colonize the digestive tract of their lucinid hosts
Authors: Alcaraz Cristina M , Séneca Joana , Kunert Martin , Pree Christopher , Sudo Marta , Petersen Jillian M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Like many marine invertebrates, marine lucinid clams have an intimate relationship with beneficial sulfur-oxidizing bacteria located within specialized gill cells known as bacteriocytes. Most previous research has focused on the symbionts in the gills of these (and other) symbiotic bivalves, often assuming that the symbionts only persistently colonize the gills, at least in the adult stage. We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing and digital polymerase chain reaction with symbiont-specific primers targeting the soxB gene on the foot, mantle, visceral mass, and gills of the lucinid clam Loripes orbiculatus. We also used fluorescence in situ hybridization with symbiont-specific probes to examine symbiont distribution at the level of the whole holobiont. Despite 40 years of research on these symbioses, we detected previously unknown populations of symbiont cells in several organs, including the digestive tract. As in the well-studied gills, symbionts in the digestive tract may be housed within host cells. A 14-month starvation experiment without hydrogen sulfide to power symbiont metabolism caused a larger reduction in symbiont numbers in the gills compared to the visceral mass, raising the possibility that symbionts in the digestive tract are persistent and may have a distinct physiology and role in the symbiosis compared with the gill symbionts. Our results highlight the unexpectedly complex relationships between marine lucinid clams and their symbionts and challenge the view that chemosynthetic symbionts are restricted to the gills of these hosts.
Self-transcendence: Design Criticism in the 1928 Shanghai Exhibition of National Products
Authors: Ji Shaorong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
After establishing the Shanghai port in 1843, Western machine-made products inundated the Chinese consumer market, disrupting the local Chinese economic system. To foster the advancement of national industries, the Nanking nationalist government held the Ministry of Industry, Commerce, and Labour’s Exhibition of National Products in 1928, providing a platform for public discourse on the design of national products. This article analyses the progression of three representative types of early design criticism that emerged from the Exhibition of National Products. These criticisms examined the design’s economic benefits, responsiveness to cultural needs, and influence on shaping social consensus. Their progressive development can be characterized as a form of self-transcendence, indicating a move by critics beyond past limited understandings of the value, sphere of influence, and design’s role in society. Their focus transitioned from the economic interests of minorities to the diverse needs of broader social groups. In the process of self-transcendence, these design criticisms expanded the horizons of designers’ work. They facilitated collaborations between design and various industries, including production, consumption, and education, influencing broader socioeconomic and ideological fronts.
The role of maize sap beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) and maize weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the spread of Aspergillus flavus in pre-harvest maize in Kenya
Authors: Riungu Ginson , Muthomi James W , Buechs Wolfgang , Wagacha John M , Philip Esther Sheila , Meiners Torsten 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The spread of toxigenic Aspergillus into maize by insects and the subsequent aflatoxin contamination poses a risk to humans and animals and has been investigated in North and South America. To evaluate this effect in an African context, Greenhouse studies were conducted in 2022 to determine the role of sap beetles, Carpophilus dimidiatus Fabricius, 1792 (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) and maize weevils, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, 1855 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on infection of maize kernels by Aspergillus flavus Link and the resultant aflatoxin accumulation. To test the beetles’ efficacy, treatments were applied on partially opened primary ears at 3 different stages of kernel development (BBCH 75, 83, and 87). The treatments were: (i) distilled water, (ii) water with A. flavus spores, (iii) maize grits, (iv) maize grits with A. flavus spores, (v) C. dimidiatus, (vi) C. dimidiatus with A. flavus spores, (vii) S. zeamais, and (viii) S. zeamais with A. flavus spores. Data on kernel infection, maize rotting, yield, and aflatoxin content in kernels were collected. The highest kernel spoilage and yield loss were recorded for the co-inoculation of S. zeamais and A. flavus spores, followed by S. zeamais without A. flavus spores, and then C. dimidiatus with the fungal spores. Inoculation of maize at the BBCH 83 growth stage resulted in the highest kernel damage and aflatoxin contamination. S. zeamais and, to a lesser extent, C. dimidiatus effectively spread the A. flavus inoculum into non-wounded ears, resulting in fungal and aflatoxin contamination. The yield loss from S. zeamais-Aspergillus co-inoculation occurred due to the grain rotting and actual feeding of the maize weevils. Thus, insect management is important in reducing pre-harvest contamination of maize with mycotoxigenic fungi and their resultant toxins.
Prevalence of cancer survivors diagnosed during adolescence and young adulthood in the United States
Authors: Page Lindsey L , Devasia Theresa P , Mariotto Angela , Gallicchio Lisa , Mollica Michelle A , Tonorezos Emily 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer incidence rates are rising, and survivors are at risk for numerous cancer- and treatment-related consequences. Despite growing attention to this population, prevalence estimates are lacking.

Objective
To estimate the number of individuals living in the United States with a history of cancer diagnosed during the AYA period.

Methods
Prevalence of cancer survivors diagnosed between the ages of 15 and 39 years was estimated using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program as of January 1, 2020. Limited duration prevalence data were also used to generate complete prevalence by sex, years since diagnosis (0-&lt;1, 1-&lt;5, 5-&lt;10, 10-&lt;15, 15-&lt;20, 20+), and attained age (15-19, 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70+) for the 15 most common AYA cancer sites.

Results
There were an estimated 2 111 838 survivors of AYA cancers in the United States as of January 1, 2020. More survivors were female (66%) and long-term (&gt;5 years from diagnosis, 83%) or very long-term survivors (&gt;10 years from diagnosis, 68.8%). A large percentage (44%) were more than 20 years from diagnosis. The most common cancer sites among female survivors were breast (24%) and thyroid cancers (23%) and, among male survivors, testicular cancer (31%). Across the population, the highest percentage of survivors of AYA cancers were 40 to 49 years of age (25.3%).

Conclusion
There are more than 2.1 million cancer survivors diagnosed in the AYA period who are living in the United States; most are more than 10 years from diagnosis.