bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complete resolution of non‐necrotizing lung granuloma and pyoderma gangrenosum after restorative proctocolectomy in a woman with severe ulcerative colitis and cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Sartini Alessandro , Bianchini Marcello , Schepis Filippo , Marzi Luca , De Maria Nicola , Villa Erica 
Published: January 2016

Key Clinical MessageHere, we report the unusual case of an ulcerative colitis female patient presenting together with cytomegalovirus infection, pyoderma gangrenosum and a noncaseating lung granuloma, both resistant to immunomodulatory drugs which dramatically obtained a clinical stable remission after restorative proctocolectomy.
Age‐related and light‐induced plasticity in opsin gene expression and in primary and secondary visual centers of the nectar‐feeding ant Camponotus rufipes
Authors: Yilmaz Ayse , Lindenberg Annekathrin , Albert Stefan , Grübel Kornelia , Spaethe Johannes , Rössler Wolfgang , Groh Claudia 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTCamponotus rufipes workers are characterized by an age‐related polyethism. In the initial weeks of adult life, young workers perform tasks inside the nest before they switch to multimodal foraging tasks outside. We tested the hypothesis that this transition is accompanied by profound adaptations in the peripheral and central visual systems. Our results show that C. rufipes workers of all tested ages (between 1 and 42 days) express three genes encoding for ultraviolet (UV), blue (BL), and long‐wavelength (LW1) sensitive opsins in their retina, which are likely to provide the substrate for trichromatic color vision. Expression levels of all three opsin genes increased significantly within the first two weeks of adulthood and following light exposure. Interestingly, the volumes of all three optic neuropils (lamina, medulla, and lobula) showed corresponding volume increases. Tracing of connections to higher visual centers in the mushroom bodies (MBs) revealed only one optic pathway, the anterior superior optic tract, emerging from the medulla and sending segregated input to the MB‐calyx collar. The MB collar volumes and densities of synaptic complexes (microglomeruli, MGs) increased with age. Exposure to light for 4 days induced a decrease in MG densities followed by an increase after extended light exposure. This shows that plasticity in retinal opsin gene expression and structural neuroplasticity in primary and secondary visual centers comprise both “experience‐independent” and “experience‐dependent” elements. We conclude that both sources of plasticity in the visual system represent important components promoting optimal timing of the interior–forager transition and flexibility of age‐related division of labor. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 1041–1057, 2016
Early postnatal maturation in vestibulospinal pathways involved in neck and forelimb motor control
Authors: Lambert François M. , Bras Hélène , Cardoit Laura , Vinay Laurent , Coulon Patrice , Glover Joel C. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTTo assess the organization and functional development of vestibulospinal inputs to cervical motoneurons (MNs), we have used electrophysiology (ventral root and electromyographic [EMG] recording), calcium imaging, trans‐synaptic rabies virus (RV) and conventional retrograde tracing and immunohistochemistry in the neonatal mouse. By stimulating the VIIIth nerve electrically while recording synaptically mediated calcium responses in MNs, we characterized the inputs from the three vestibulospinal tracts, the separate ipsilateral and contralateral medial vestibulospinal tracts (iMVST/cMVST) and the lateral vestibulospinal tract (LVST), to MNs in the medial and lateral motor columns (MMC and LMC) of cervical segments. We found that ipsilateral inputs from the iMVST and LVST were differentially distributed to the MMC and LMC in the different segments, and that all contralateral inputs to MMC and LMC MNs in each segment derive from the cMVST. Using trans‐synaptic RV retrograde tracing as well as pharmacological manipulation of VIIIth nerve‐elicited synaptic responses, we found that a substantial proportion of inputs to both neck and forelimb extensor MNs was mediated monosynaptically, but that polysynaptic inputs were also significant. By recording EMG responses evoked by natural stimulation of the vestibular apparatus, we found that vestibular‐mediated motor output to the neck and forelimb musculature became more robust during the first 10 postnatal days, concurrently with a decrease in the latency of MN discharge evoked by VIIIth nerve electrical stimulation. Together, these results provide insight into the complexity of vestibulospinal connectivity in the cervical spinal cord and a cogent demonstration of the functional maturation that vestibulospinal connections undergo postnatally. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 1061–1077, 2016
Delays in GABAergic interneuron development and behavioral inhibition after prenatal stress
Authors: Lussier Stephanie J. , Stevens Hanna E. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTPrenatal stress is associated with altered behavioral, cognitive, and psychiatric outcomes in offspring. Due to the importance of GABAergic systems in normal development and in psychiatric disorders, prenatal stress effects on these neurons have been investigated in animal models. Prenatal stress delays GABAergic progenitor migration, but the significance of these early developmental disruptions for the continued development of GABAergic cells in the juvenile brain is unclear. Here, we examined effects of prenatal stress on populations of GABAergic neurons in juvenile and adult medial frontal cortex (mFC) and hippocampus through stereological counting, gene expression, and relevant anxiety‐like and social behaviors. Postnatally, the total GABAergic cell number that peaks in adolescence showed altered trajectories in mFC and hippocampus. Parvalbumin neuron proportion in juvenile brain was altered by prenatal stress, but parvalbumin gene expression showed no differences. In adult brain, parvalbumin neuron proportions were altered by prenatal stress with opposite gene expression changes. Adult prenatally stressed offspring showed a lack of social preference on a three‐chambered task, increased anxiety‐like behavior on the elevated plus maze, and reduced center time in an open field. Despite a lack of significant group differences in adult total GABAergic cell populations, performance of these tasks was correlated with GABAergic populations in mFC and hippocampus. In conclusion, prenatal stress resulted in a delay in GABAergic cell number and maturation of the parvalbumin subtype. Influences of prenatal stress on GABAergic populations during developmentally dynamic periods and during adulthood may be relevant to the anxiety‐like behaviors that occur after prenatal stress. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 1078–1091, 2016
Intraspecific variation in defense against a generalist lepidopteran herbivore in populations of Eruca sativa (Mill.)
Authors: Ogran Ariel , Landau Netanel , Hanin Nir , Levy Maggie , Gafni Yedidya , Barazani Oz 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPopulations of Eruca sativa (Brassicaceae) from desert and Mediterranean (Med) habitats in Israel differ in their defense against larvae of the generalist Spodoptera littoralis but not the specialist Pieris brassicae. Larvae of the generalist insect feeding on plants of the Med population gained significantly less weight than those feeding on the desert plants, and exogenous application of methyl jasmonate (MJ) on leaves of the Med plants significantly reduced the level of damage created by the generalist larvae. However, MJ treatment significantly induced resistance in plants of the desert population, whereas the generalist larvae caused similar damage to MJ‐induced and noninduced plants. Analyses of glucosinolates and expression of genes in their synthesis pathway indicated that defense in plants of the Med population against the generalist insect is governed by the accumulation of glucosinolates. In plants of the desert population, trypsin proteinase inhibitor activity was highly induced in response to herbivory by S. littoralis. Analysis of genes in the defense‐regulating signaling pathways suggested that in response to herbivory, differences between populations in the induced levels of jasmonic acid, ethylene, and salicylic acid mediate the differential defenses against the insect. In addition, expression analysis of myrosinase‐associated protein NSP2 suggested that in plants of the desert population, glucosinolates breakdown products were primarily directed to nitrile production. We suggest that proteinase inhibitors provide an effective defense in the desert plants, in which glucosinolate production is directed to the less toxic nitriles. The ecological role of nitrile production in preventing infestation by specialists is discussed.
Does measuring azimuthal variations in sap flux lead to more reliable stand transpiration estimates?
Authors: Komatsu Hikaru , Shinohara Yoshinori , Kume Tomonori , Tsuruta Kenji , Otsuki Kyoichi 
Published: January 2016

AbstractStand transpiration (E) estimated using the sap‐flux method includes uncertainty induced by variations in sap flux (F) within a tree (i.e. radial and azimuthal variations) and those between trees. Unlike radial variations, azimuthal variations are not particularly systematic (i.e. higher/lower F is not always recorded for a specific direction). Here, we present a theoretical framework to address the question on how to allocate a limited number of sensors to minimize uncertainty in E estimates. Specifically, we compare uncertainty in E estimates for two cases: (1) measuring F for two or more directions to cover azimuthal variations in F and (2) measuring F for one direction to cover between‐tree variations in F. The framework formulates the variation in the probability density function for E (σE) based on F recorded in m different azimuthal directions (e.g. north, east, south and west). This formula allows us to determine the m value that minimizes σE. This study applied the framework to F data recorded for a 55‐year‐old Cryptomeria japonica stand. σE for m = 1 was found to be less than the values for m = 2, 3 and 4. Our results suggest that measuring F for one azimuthal direction provides more reliable E estimates than measuring F for two or more azimuthal directions for this stand, given a limited number of sensors. Application of this framework to other datasets helps us decide how to allocate sensors most effectively. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicting Future Groundwater Resources of Coral Atoll Islands
Authors: Bailey Ryan T. , Barnes Kaitlyn , Wallace Corey D. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractFresh groundwater reserves on small coral islands are under continual threat of salinization and contamination because of droughts, storm‐surge overwash events, over‐extraction, island community urbanization, and sea level rise. Whereas storm‐surge overwash events can cause sudden groundwater salinization, long‐term changes in rainfall patterns and sea level elevation have the potential of rendering these islands uninhabitable in the coming decades. This study demonstrates the use of a tested freshwater lens thickness simulator to estimate the groundwater resources of a set of atoll islands in the coming decades. The method uses ranges of projected rates of annual rainfall and sea level rise (SLR) to provide a range of probable lens thickness for each island. Projected rainfall is provided by General Circulation Models that accurately replicate the historical rainfall patterns in the geographic region of the islands. Methodology is applied to 68 atoll islands in the Federated States of Micronesia. These islands have widths that range between 150 and 1000 m, and experience annual rainfall rates of between 2.8 and 4.8 m. Results indicate that under average conditions of SLR, beach slope, and rainfall, almost half of the island will experience a 20% decrease in lens thickness by the year 2050. For worst‐case scenarios (high SLR, low rainfall), average decrease in lens thickness is 55%, with almost half of the islands experiencing a decrease of greater than 75% and half of the islands having a lens thickness less than 1.0 m. Small islands (widths less than 400 m) are particularly vulnerable because of shoreline recession. Groundwater on islands in the western region is less vulnerable to SLR because of a projected increase in rainfall during the coming decades. Results indicate the vulnerability of small islands to changing climatic conditions, and can be used for water resources management and community planning. Methodology can be applied to any group of islands as a first approximation of the effect of future climate conditions on groundwater resources. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Parathyroid Hormone Administration on Bone Strength in Hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Rubin Mishaela R , Zwahlen Alexander , Dempster David W , Zhou Hua , Cusano Natalie E , Zhang Chengchen , Müller Ralph , Bilezikian John P 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

The microstructural skeletal phenotype of hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT), a disorder of inadequate parathyroid hormone secretion, is altered trabecular microarchitecture with increased trabecular bone volume and thickness. Using 2-D histomorphometric analysis, we previously found that 2 years of PTH(1-84) in HypoPT is associated with reduced trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) and an increase in trabecular number (Tb.N). We have now utilized direct 3-D microstructural analysis to determine the extent to which these changes may be related to bone strength. Iliac crest bone biopsies from HypoPT subjects (n = 58) were analyzed by microcomputed tomography (μCT) and by microfinite element (μFE) analysis. Biopsies were performed at baseline and at 1 or 2 years of recombinant human PTH(1-84) [rhPTH(1-84)]. In a subset of subjects (n = 13) at 3 months, we demonstrated a reduction in trabecular separation (Tb.Sp, 0.64 ± 0.1 to 0.56 ± 0.1 mm; p = 0.005) and in the variance of trabecular separation (Tb.SD, 0.19 ± 0.1 to 0.17 ± 0.1 mm; p = 0.01), along with an increase in bone volume/total volume (BV/TV, 26.76 ± 10.1 to 32.83 ± 13.5%; p = 0.02), bone surface/total volume (BS/TV, 3.85 ± 0.7 to 4.49 ± 1.0 mm2/mm3; p = 0.005), Tb.N (1.84 ± 0.5 versus 2.36 ± 1.3 mm−1; p = 0.02) and Young's modulus (649.38 ± 460.7 to 1044.81 ± 1090.5 N/mm2; p = 0.049). After 1 year of rhPTH(1-84), Force increased (144.08 ± 102.4 to 241.13 ± 189.1 N; p = 0.04) and Young's modulus tended to increase (662.15 ± 478.2 to 1050.80 ± 824.1 N/m2; p = 0.06). The 1-year change in cancellous mineralizing surface (MS/BS) predicted 1-year changes in μCT variables. The biopsies obtained after 2 years of rhPTH(1-84) showed no change from baseline. These data suggest that administration of rhPTH(1-84) in HypoPT is associated with transient changes in key parameters associated with bone strength. The results indicate that rhPTH(1-84) improves skeletal quality in HypoPT early in treatment. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Grasshopper Plague Control in the Alpine Rangelands of the Qilian Mountains, China. A Socio‐Economic and Biological Approach
Authors: Sun Tao , Liu Xiaoli , Sun Guojun , Long Ruijun , Liu Zhiyun 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe probability and frequency of grasshopper plague outbreaks in the alpine rangelands of China have greatly increased since the middle of the last century, adversely affecting grassland ecosystems and the livelihood of herders. We propose that herders could use poultry to forage on grasshoppers to control plague. Here, we investigated the proximate (application in 2007) and persistence (continued effects across 2008–2011) effects of three different control agents (foraging chickens, a broad spectrum insecticide Beta‐Cypermethrin and an entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium) on grasshopper population density. The comparative effectiveness of the three control agents was assessed by calculating grasshopper mortality and nymph:adult ratios. Subsequently, we examined the efficiency of chicken foraging activity at controlling grasshopper numbers under various levels of outbreaks. Finally, we used a cost–benefit analysis to assess the economic benefits of a traditional sheep rearing system versus a system that includes chicken rearing. In the first year, all three agents were initially effective at reducing grasshopper densities, but only chickens generated a persistence effect (lasting up to 5 years). Overall, chickens also provided the greatest economic benefits to herders than the other two control agents. Using foraging chickens to suppress grasshopper infestation in the alpine rangelands of China provides a novel approach toward mitigating outbreaks. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Surface and Biological Properties of Some Lactic Acid‐Based Anionic Surfactants
Authors: sathyam Reddy Yasa , Sujitha Pombala , Kumar Chityal Ganesh , Kanjilal Sanjit , Vijayalakshmi Penumarthy 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn the present study, 11 lactic acid‐based anionic surfactants were synthesized and evaluated for their surface and biological activities. The synthesis involved the esterification of lactic acid with a range of fatty alcohols differing in chain length as well as in branching and unsaturation. The resultant ester was sulfonated by treatment with chlorosulfonic acid followed by salt formation with aqueous NaOH solution. The surface properties of all the synthesized surfactants were determined using surface tensiometry. Synthesized surfactants showed low critical micelle concentration (CMC) values and a decreasing trend with an increase in the alkyl chain length. Alkyl branching also led to a mild change in CMC values when compared with linear counterparts having the same number of carbon atoms, though such decreases or increases were observed to be dependent on the position and number of the branching. Some of the synthesized surfactants exhibited good antimicrobial and anti‐cancer activities against the tested microbial strains and cell lines.
Protected Designation of Origin Extra Virgin Olive Oils Assessment by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Multivariate Statistical Analysis: “Terra di Bari”, an Apulian (Southeast Italy) Case Study
Authors: Del Coco Laura , Mondelli Donato , Mezzapesa Giuseppe Natale , Miano Teodoro , De Pascali Sandra Angelica , Girelli Chiara Roberta , Fanizzi Francesco Paolo 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe report a study on the chemical characterization of 102 monovarietal micro‐extracted and genetically characterized extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs) from Coratina, Ogliarola Barese and Cima di Mola cultivar, according to “Terra di Bari” (Apulia, southeast Italy) PDO requirement. Three additional geographical mentions, all belonging to the same Bari district (Bitonto, Castel del Monte and Murgia dei Trulli e delle Grotte), were studied and potential microclimate differences were evaluated. Our results indicate the possibility of distinguishing EVOOs from the same “Terra di Bari” PDO with respect to different cultivars and (to some extent) different subareas. In particular, two cultivars (Ogliarola Barese and Coratina), obtained from the same Bitonto area, and a single cultivar (Coratina), obtained from Bitonto and Castel del Monte subareas, were compared to investigate the micro‐area pedoclimatic effect. Finally, 1H NMR data were found significant for classification purposes of unknown EVOO samples, the results of which were included in the model space, as they were correctly predicted by the OPLS‐DA obtained by 1H NMR data. This work aims to classify commercial “Terra di Bari” PDO EVOOs by comparison of the declared cultivar and geographical origin with a reference dataset of genetically characterized micro‐extracted monovarietal oils. In conclusion, the effect of the pedoclimatic micro‐areas of origin on the Coratina cultivar, which is the main component of the “Terra di Bari” PDO, has been studied in order to improve the traceability of the raw material used to produce this valuable food.
Phospholipid Hydrolysis and Transphosphatidylation by Phospholipase D from Indian Mustard Seeds in Two‐Phase Systems
Authors: Khatoon Hafeeza , Mansfeld Johanna , Ulbrich‐Hofmann Renate 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPhospholipase D (PLD), isolated from Indian mustard seeds and purified to homogeneity, has recently been identified as typical α‐type PLD with a high activity toward phosphatidylcholine (PC) in an aqueous mixed micellar system (Khatoon et al. 2014, Phytochemistry 117, 65–75). In light of biocatalytical application, we have now studied the enzyme in aqueous‐organic two‐phase systems and compared the results with the properties of the enzyme in aqueous mixed micellar systems. n‐Hexane containing 5–10 mol% of 1‐ or 2‐octanol proved to be optimal as an organic solvent in the two‐phase system, whereas anionic detergents such as sodium dodecyl sulfate or sodium deoxycholate were favorable components in the mixed micellar system. The optimum pH value (5.5–5.6) and the optimum Ca2+ ion concentration (70 mM) were independent of the reaction system. The head group selectivity in terms of activity toward different phospholipids (PC > phosphatidylethanolamine > phosphatidylglycerol) was similar in both types of reaction systems. Also, the KM values toward PC were on the same order of magnitude. In contrast, the Vmax value in the two‐phase system was 20‐fold lower than in the mixed micellar system. The enzyme was able to catalyze the substitution of choline in PC by ethanolamine, glycerol, and ethylene glycol with high efficiency. l‐Serine was exchanged for choline with low activity. Myo‐inositol was not an alcohol acceptor, but promoted the hydrolysis of PC.
Twin Pregnancy with Complete Hydatidiform Mole and Co-existent Live Fetus
Authors: Seo So Young , Cho Hyun Jin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA 14-week pregnant woman had a mixed echogenic mass of size 4x12 cm at placenta portion and normal fetus at ultrasound. The image of the mass was very similar to a huge subchorionic hematoma (SCH). The fetal chromosomes by amniocentesis were normal. The presumed diagnoses were huge SCH or twin pregnancy with complete hydatidiform mole and co-existent fetus (CHMCF). A male fetus weighing 760 g was delivered at 25 gestational weeks. The findings on the placental biopsy showed twin pregnancy with CHCMF. With ultrasound findings of this type, the possibility of a huge SCH and twin pregnancy with CHMCF should be considered.
Urinary Biomarkers of Brain Diseases
Authors: An Manxia , Gao Youhe 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Biomarkers are the measurable changes associated with a physiological or pathophysiological process. Unlike blood, urine is not subject to homeostatic mechanisms. Therefore, greater fluctuations could occur in urine than in blood, better reflecting the changes in human body. The roadmap of urine biomarker era was proposed. Although urine analysis has been attempted for clinical diagnosis, and urine has been monitored during the progression of many diseases, particularly urinary system diseases, whether urine can reflect brain disease status remains uncertain. As some biomarkers of brain diseases can be detected in the body fluids such as cerebrospinal fluid and blood, there is a possibility that urine also contain biomarkers of brain diseases. This review summarizes the clues of brain diseases reflected in the urine proteome and metabolome.