bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prawda jako wartość w przekazie medialnym w świetle encykliki ojca świętego Franciszka "Lumen fidei"
Authors: Kornecki Tomasz 
Published: February 2016

Papież Franciszek w swojej pierwszej encyklice Lumen fidei zwraca uwagę na jedną z najważniejszych wartości w życiu człowieka, jaką jest prawda. Osoba ludzka bowiem w pełni rozwija się dzięki prawdzie dotykającej wszystkich wymiarów życia. Stąd też słowa Papieża zawarte w encyklice posłużyły do odniesienia ich w stosunku do mass mediów. Świat środków społecznego przekazu, szczególnie w dzisiejszych czasach, winien być przeniknięty prawdą o człowieku i świecie, który go otacza. Dzięki temu bowiem osoba ludzka będzie mogła się w pełni rozwijać i dążyć do celu swojego istnienia. Aby ta droga była pełna należy łączyć prawdę z wiarą oraz miłością gdyż wartości te nawzajem się uzupełniają.
ENTRE A TEORIA E A PRÁTICA: OS PROFESSORES NAS ESCOLAS PÚBLICAS PAULISTAS E SEUS DESAFIOS NO SÉCULO XXI
Authors: Bueno Diana da Cruz Fagundes , Azevedo José Roberto Nunes de 
Published: February 2016

Resumo: Buscamos evidenciar as contradições existentes entre o aumento da escolarização e a qualidade do ensino, bem como, os percalços pelos quais os profissionais da educação deparam-se ao longo da carreira. Observa-se a necessidade de uma educação não excludente, integradora e que valorize as experiências dos alunos, rompendo desta forma com um ensino meramente vinculado ao âmbito do mercado de trabalho, possibilitando à clientela escolar o direito à cidadania e à construção do conhecimento autônomo. Palavras-chave: Formação de professores; Educação; Escola. THEORY AND PRACTICE BETWEEN: TEACHERS IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS PAULISTAS AND ITS CHALLENGES IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY Abstract: We seek to highlight contradictions between increased schooling and quality of education, as well as mishaps in which education professionals are faced throughout their career. The need of a non-exclusionary education, integrative and that values the experiences of students breaking this way with a purely linked education to the scope of the labor market is observed, enabling the school clientele the right to citizenship and the building of self-knowledge. Keywords: Teacher training; Education; School. ENTRE TEORÍA Y PRÁCTICA: MAESTROS EN ESCUELAS PÚBLICAS PAULISTAS Y SUS RETOS EN EL SIGLO XXI Resumen: Buscamos resaltar contradicciones entre el aumento de la escolaridad y la calidad de la educación, así como los accidentes en los que profesionales de la educación se enfrentan a lo largo de su carrera. Se observa la necesidad de una educación no-exclusiva, integrador y que valore las experiencias de los alumnos rompiendo de esta manera con una mera teaching vinculados al ámbito del mercado de trabajo, lo que permite la escuela clientela el derecho de la ciudadanía y la construcción de auto-conocimiento. Palabras clave: La formación del profesorado; Educación; School.
Do Multinational And Local Corporations Differ In Their Leverage Policies? Evidence From The MENA Region
Authors: Farooq Omar Farooq 
Published: February 2016

<p>This paper examines the leverage policies of multinational corporations (MNCs) in comparison to those of local corporations in the MENA region during the period between 2006 and 2012. Our results show that MNCs have lower leverage levels than local firms. We argue that MNCs have higher information asymmetries than other firms. As a result, managerial opportunism may be higher in these firms, thereby minimizing their ability to raise debt. In case of local firms, we show that their debt ratios are not different from other firms. Furthermore, we also show that our results do not hold for those multinational firms that have lower agency problems. We show that, for a given level of information asymmetries (operational and informational complexity), debt ratios of multinational firms are more than other firms. Our results show no impact of the extent of information asymmetries on debt ratios of local firms. </p>
Unveiling Special Policy Regime, Judgment And Taylor Rules In Tunisia
Authors: Baaziz Yosra , Labidi Moez Labidi , Atil Ahmed 
Published: February 2016

<p>Given limited research on monetary policy rules in revolutionary countries, this paper challenges the suitability of the Taylor rule in characterizing the monetary policy behavior of the Tunisian Central Bank (BCT), especially in turbulent times.</p><p> </p><p>More specifically, we investigate the possibility that the Taylor rule should be formulated as a threshold process and examine the validity of such nonlinear Taylor rule as a robust rule for conducting monetary policy in Tunisia.</p><p> </p><p>Using quarterly data from 1998:Q4 to 2013:Q4 to analyze the movement of nominal short-term interest rate of the BCT, we find that the nonlinear Taylor rule improves its performance with the advent of special events providing thus a better description of the Tunisian interest rate setting. In particular, our results show that the adoption of an appropriate nonlinear approach leads to a reduction in the errors of 150 basis points in 1999 and 2009, and 60 basis points in 2011, relative to the linear approach.</p>
A Cognitive Style Perspective to Handheld Devices: Customization vs. Personalization
Authors: Hsieh Chen-Wei , Chen Sherry Y. 
Published: February 2016

<p>Handheld devices are widely applied to support open and distributed learning, where students are diverse. On the other hand, customization and personalization can be applied to accommodate students’ diversities. However, paucity of research compares the effects of customization and personalization in the context of handheld devices. To this end, we developed a customized digital learning system (CDLS) and personalized digital learning system (PDLS), which were implemented on the handheld devices and tailored to the needs of students with diverse cognitive styles. Furthermore, we conducted two empirical studies to examine the effects of cognitive styles on the use of the CDLS and PDLS. More specifically, Study 1 identified the preferences of each cognitive style group, which were employed to develop the PDLS in Study 2, which investigated how students with different cognitive styles react to the CDLS and the PDLS. The results from these two studies showed that student in the CDLS and those in the PDLS obtained similar task scores and post-test scores. However, Serialists with the PDLS could more efficiently complete the tasks than those with CDLS. Additionally, Holists more positively perceived the PDLS than Serialists.</p>
Evaluation of Online Log Variables that Estimate Learners’ Time Management in a Korean Online Learning Context
Authors: Jo Il-Hyun , Park Yeonjeong , Yoon Meehyun , Sung Hanall 
Published: February 2016

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between the psychological variables and online behavioral patterns of students, collected through a Learning Management System (LMS). Test was attempted of a structural equation model representing the relationships among Time and Study Environment Management (TSEM), one of the sub-constructs of MSLQ, influencing a set of time-related online log variables: login frequency, login regularity, and total login time. Data were collected from 188 college students in a Korean university. Employing structural equation modeling, a hypothesized model was tested for measuring the model fit. The results presented a criterion validity of online log variables to estimate their time management. The structural model including TSEM, online variable, and final score with a moderate fit indicated that learners’ time related online behavior mediates their psychological functions and their learning outcome. Based on the results, the final discussion includes the recommendations for further study and the meaningfulness in regard to the expantion of Learning Analtyics for Performance and Action (LAPA) model.
Voting in Local Political Elections by Urban Chinese Middle Class: Does Housing Matter?
Authors: Wu Liyun , Wang Gang 
Published: February 2016

<p>This paper examines the impact of types of housing on the tendency to engage in neighborhood-level political participation among urban residents in China, using 2005 China General Social Survey. Four types of housing were discussed: commercial housing; previously state-owned (<em>work unit</em>) housing; old neighborhood; and other types of housing (i.e. migration housing). Two indicators of local political participation were presented in the form of Local People’s Congress elections and Residents’ Committee elections. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, the authors found that types of housing had strong implications for voting in local elections among Chinese urban residents. First, the likelihood of voting in two local elections was lowest among residents living in commercial housing, and the highest in old neighborhoods. Second, participation in community-led venues (i.e. cultural events) enhanced the voting rate among residents living in commercial housing. Results highlight the importance of the sweeping housing reform in urban neighborhoods to local political participation in contemporary China, and the changing relationship between state and society. Although rapid economic reform has diversified and alienated the neighborhood, community-led civic activities can reunify the residents and enhance their local political participation. This effect was more significant among the young, college-educated, high-income middle class. </p>
Who Wants Democracy in China? An Empirical Analysis of Chinese Democratization in Perspective
Authors: Wang Gang 
Published: February 2016

<p>The modernization theory suggests that the entrepreneurs and the middle class have a strong demand for democracy with a country’s economic development. Yet this conventional wisdom has been challenged in the Chinese context. In the debate on China’s democratization, the social groups demanding for democracy in the economic reform have not been well identified. By employing the 2006 China General Social Survey, this empirical research has two interesting findings. First, the members of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) especially the CCP members of the working class as well as the social elites show a stronger demand for democracy. Second, these groups in favor of democratic principles oppose various democratization activities. These findings imply that the demand for democracy in China is more likely to be an expression of discontent with the current political system rather than the democratic impulses, and the Chinese democratization is not optimistic in the near future. </p>
Validation of the Comprehensive ICF Core Set for Vocational Rehabilitation From the Perspective of Physical Therapists: International Delphi Survey
Authors: Kaech Moll Veronika M. , Escorpizo Reuben , Portmann Bergamaschi Ruth , Finger Monika E. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Background
The Comprehensive ICF Core Set for vocational rehabilitation (VR) is a list of essential categories on functioning based on the World Health Organization (WHO) International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), which describes a standard for interdisciplinary assessment, documentation, and communication in VR.

Objective
The aim of this study was to examine the content validity of the Comprehensive ICF Core Set for VR from the perspective of physical therapists.

Design
A 3-round email survey was performed using the Delphi method.

Methods
A convenience sample of international physical therapists working in VR with work experience of ≥2 years were asked to identify aspects they consider as relevant when evaluating or treating clients in VR. Responses were linked to the ICF categories and compared with the Comprehensive ICF Core Set for VR.

Results
Sixty-two physical therapists from all 6 WHO world regions responded with 3,917 statements that were subsequently linked to 338 ICF categories. Fifteen (17%) of the 90 categories in the Comprehensive ICF Core Set for VR were confirmed by the physical therapists in the sample. Twenty-two additional ICF categories were identified that were not included in the Comprehensive ICF Core Set for VR.

Limitations
Vocational rehabilitation in physical therapy is not well defined in every country and might have resulted in the small sample size. Therefore, the results cannot be generalized to all physical therapists practicing in VR.

Conclusion
The content validity of the ICF Core Set for VR is insufficient from solely a physical therapist perspective. The results of this study could be used to define a physical therapy–specific set of ICF categories to develop and guide physical therapist clinical practice in VR.
Prevalence of Wheelchair and Scooter Use Among Community-Dwelling Canadians
Authors: Smith Emma M. , Giesbrecht Edward M. , Mortenson W. Ben , Miller William C. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Background
Mobility impairments are the third leading cause of disability for community-dwelling Canadians. Wheelchairs and scooters help compensate for these challenges. There are limited data within the last decade estimating the prevalence of wheelchair and scooter use in Canada.

Objective
The aims of this study were: (1) to estimate the prevalence of wheelchair and scooter use in Canada and (2) to explore relevant demographic characteristics of wheelchair and scooter users.

Design
This study was a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional national survey.

Methods
The Canadian Survey on Disability (2012) collected data on wheelchair and scooter use from community-dwelling individuals aged 15 years and over with a self-identified activity limitation on the National Household Survey. Prevalence estimates were calculated as weighted frequencies, with cross-tabulations to determine the number of wheelchair and scooter users in Canada, by province, and demographic characteristics (ie, age, sex) and bootstrapping to estimate the variance of all point estimates.

Results
There were approximately 288,800 community-dwelling wheelchair and scooter users aged 15 years and over, representing 1.0% of the Canadian population. The sample included 197,560 manual wheelchair users, 42,360 powered wheelchair users, and 108,550 scooter users. Wheelchair and scooter users were predominantly women, with a mean age of 65 years. Approximately 50,620 individuals used a combination of 2 different types of devices.

Limitations
The results are representative of individuals living in the community in Canada and exclude individuals in residential or group-based settings; estimates do not represent the true population prevalence.

Conclusion
This analysis is the first in more than 10 years to provide a prevalence estimate and description of wheelchair and scooter users in Canada. Since 2004, there has been an increase in the proportion of the population who use wheelchairs and scooters, likely related to an aging Canadian population. These new prevalence data have potential to inform policy, research, and clinical practice.
Autologous Serum Skin Test in Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria
Authors: Pokhrel Kumar , Subedi S. , Acharya S. 
Published: February 2016

Background: Urticaria is a short-lived swelling of skin and mucosa due to plasma leakage by immune and non immune mediated activation and released of mediators from mast cell and basophil. Autoimmune urticaria tends to have a high itch and wheal score than other type of urticaria. Its diagnosis is practically relied upon clinical suspicion and autologous serum skin test. Autologous serum skin test (ASST) is the simple and cost effective test to differentiate autoimmune urticaria from the bulk of chronic urticaria patients. Objective: To compare the features of chronic urticaria in patients having positive versus negative autologous serum skin test (ASST).Materials and methods: Cross-sectional hospital based study was conducted among 90 chronic urticaria patients (CIU) attending the outpatient dermatology department of Nepalgunj Medical College, Nepalgunj, during one year period. The study was conducted after ethical approval from the institutional committee. The patients were diagnosed on the basis of the appearance of continuous or recurrent hives with or without angioedema for more than 6 weeks. Patients who suffered from either acute urticaria or urticarial vasculitis or physical urticaria or other systemic diseases known to cause urticaria were excluded. Standard tools and techniques were used to prepare antilogous serum and injection of the serum and interpretation of the result. The test result was Interpreted as positive and negative autologous serum skin test.Results: ASST was positive in 42% of the patients and negative in 58% of the patients. The ASST-positive patients had a higher mean urticaria activity score and median duration of wheals in comparison with the ASST-negative patients. Wheals lasted for significantly longer duration in patients with positive ASST. Patients with positive ASST had more frequent attacks which was statistically significant compared to the ASST-negative group. The mean urticaria activity score was significantly higher in the ASST-positive patients than that in the ASST-negative patients.Conclusions: Autologous serum skin test may be a useful screening test for autoimmune urticaria and may be used as a simple and cost-effective test for the classification of chronic urticaria.JNGMC Vol. 12 No. 2 December 2014, page: 6-10
NEW INSIGHTS FOR HIGH-PRECISION ASTEROSEISMOLOGY: ACOUSTIC RADIUS OF KIC 6225718
Authors: Wu Tao , Li Yan 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Asteroseismology is a powerful tool for probing stellar interiors and determining stellar fundamental parameters. In previous works, the

-minimization method is usually used to find the best-matching model to characterize observations. In this Letter, we adopt the

-minimization method but only use the observed high-precision oscillation to constrain theoretical models for solar-like oscillating star KIC 6225718, which is observed by the Kepler satellite. We also take into account the influence of model precision. Finally, we find that the time resolution of stellar evolution cannot be ignored in high-precision asteroseismic analysis. Based on this, we find the acoustic radius

is the only global parameter that can be accurately measured by the

-matching method between observed frequencies and theoretical model calculations. We obtain

s. In addition, we analyze the distribution of

-minimization models (CMMs) and find that the distribution range of CMMs is slightly enlarged by some extreme cases, which possess both a larger mass and a higher (or lower) heavy element abundance, at the lower acoustic radius end.
Characterization and Application of a Unique Panel of Monoclonal Antibodies Generated against Etanercept
Authors: Detrez Iris , Brouwers Els , Peeters Miet , Geukens Nick , de Vlam Kurt , Gils Ann 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe clinical response in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients treated with biologic agents can be influenced by pharmacokinetic variability among and within these patients. Therapeutic drug monitoring is seen as a valuable tool to improve patient care. The aim of this study was to generate a panel of mAbs toward etanercept (ETN) and to determine ETN and anti-ETN concentrations in AS patients. mAbs against ETN (MA-ETN) were generated using hybridoma technology. For quantification of ETN concentrations, a mAb-based TNF-coated ELISA and a mAb/mAb-based sandwich-type ELISA were developed. For evaluation of the anti-ETN Ab response, a bridging ELISA, as well as a functional cell-based assay, were constructed. Disease activity of the AS patients was measured with the AS Disease Activity Score (ASDAS). Active disease was defined as ASDAS ≥ 2.1. A total of 59 of 76 generated mAbs were ETN specific and were characterized further. Fifty-one mAbs revealed inhibitory properties in a cell-based assay. Analysis of serum concentrations of 21 ETN-treated AS patients with the TNF/MA-ETN68C5-HRP ELISA and the MA-ETN63C8/MA-ETN61C1-HRP ELISA revealed a good Pearson’s r (+0.974) but a poor intraclass correlation coefficient (+0.528) as the result of underestimation of the values in the former ELISA. At 24 wk, ETN concentrations were similar in patients with ASDAS &lt; 2.1 and ≥ 2.1. Anti-ETN Abs were not detected in any of the patient samples tested. In conclusion, highly sensitive mAb-based immunoassays were developed for quantification of ETN and anti-ETN concentrations. The impact of these methods needs to be evaluated further in clinical practice.
Changes in the surface of bone and acid-etched and sandblasted implants following implantation and removal
Authors: Eroglu Cennet Neslihan , Ertugrul Abdullah Seckin , Eskitascioglu Murat , Eskitascioglu Gurcan 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether there are any changes in the surface of bone or implant structures following the removal of a screwed dental implant. Materials and Methods: For this, six individual samples of acid-etched and sandblasted implants from three different manufacturers’ implant systems were used. They were screwed in a D1 bovine bone, and they were removed after primary stabilization. The bone and implant surfaces are evaluated with scanning electron microscope. Results: Through examination of the surfaces of the bone prior to implantation and of the used and unused implant surfaces, it was found that inhomogeneity in the implant surface can cause microcracking in the bone. Conclusions: This is attributed to the stress induced during the implantation of self-tapping implants and suggests that a tap drill may be required in some instances to protect the implant surface.
In vitro assessment of the accuracy of extraoral periapical radiography in root length determination
Authors: Nazeer Muhammad Rizwan , Khan Farhan Raza , Rahman Munawwar 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the accuracy of extra oral periapical radiography in obtaining root length by comparing it with the radiographs obtained from standard intraoral approach and extended distance intraoral approach. Materials and Methods: It was an in vitro, comparative study conducted at the dental clinics of Aga Khan University Hospital. ERC exemption was obtained for this work, ref number 3407Sur-ERC-14. We included premolars and molars of a standard phantom head mounted with metal and radiopaque teeth. Radiation was exposed using three radiographic approaches: Standard intraoral, extended length intraoral and extraoral. Since, the unit of analysis was individual root, thus, we had a total of 24 images. The images were stored in VixWin software. The length of the roots was determined using the scale function of the measuring tool inbuilt in the software. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 19.0 and GraphPad software. Pearson correlation coefficient and Bland–Altman test was applied to determine whether the tooth length readings obtained from three different approaches were correlated. P = 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: The correlation between standard intraoral and extended intraoral was 0.97; the correlation between standard intraoral and extraoral method was 0.82 while the correlation between extended intraoral and extraoral was 0.76. The results of Bland–Altman test showed that the average discrepancy between these methods is not large enough to be considered as significant. Conclusions: It appears that the extraoral radiographic method can be used in root length determination in subjects where intraoral radiography is not possible.