bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Work-family life courses and metabolic markers in mid-life: evidence from the British National Child Development Study
Authors: McMunn Anne , Lacey Rebecca E , Kumari Meena , Worts Diana , McDonough Peggy , Sacker Amanda 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundPrevious studies have found generally better health among those who combine employment and family responsibilities; however, most research excludes men, and relies on subjective measures of health and information on work and family activities from only 1 or 2 time points in the life course. This study investigated associations between work-family life course types (LCTs) and markers of metabolic risk in a British birth cohort study.MethodsMultichannel sequence analysis was used to generate work-family LCTs, combining annual information on work, partnership and parenthood between 16 and 42 years for men and women in the British National Child Development Study (NCDS, followed since their birth in 1958). Associations between work-family LCTs and metabolic risk factors in mid-life (age 44–45) were tested using multivariate linear regression in multiply imputed data.ResultsLife courses characterised by earlier transitions into parenthood were associated with significantly increased metabolic risk, regardless of attachment to paid work or marital stability over the life course. These associations were only partially attenuated by educational qualifications, early life circumstances and adult mediators. The positive association between weak labour markets ties and metabolic risk was weaker than might be expected from previous studies. Associations between work-family LCTs and metabolic risk factors did not differ significantly by gender.ConclusionsEarlier transitions to parenthood are linked to metabolic risk in mid-life.
MOBILIDADE SUSTENTÁVEL - CALÇADAS: ESPAÇOS DESTINADOS AOS DESBRAVADORES URBANOS NO BAIRRO DE SANTO AMARO
Authors: Da Silva Adrielli França 
Published: April 2016

Os espaços de passeio no ambiente urbano destinados aos pedestres parecem ter sido resultado de um grande improviso dentro das questões de estruturação dos meios de circulação da cidade de São Paulo. Inicialmente as calçadas não eram destinadas para as pessoas trafegarem e sim as ruas, todavia com o aumento da indústria automobilística, as ruas passaram a ser projetadas prioritariamente para os automóveis, deixando em segundo plano as estruturas estabelecidas para a circulação de pessoas. As ações do poder público durante anos estiveram voltadas ao conforto do automóvel, direcionando a responsabilidade das calçadas aos proprietários dos lotes, definindo alguns parâmetros básicos que ainda hoje, raramente são seguidos, conformando caminhos sem unidade, desconexos e irregulares. Essa transmissão de responsabilidade mostra claramente o valor que se dá ao pedestre - basicamente nenhum - pois nem sequer existe a preocupação em disponibilizar uma via decente para ele trafegar em segurança e conforto. Santo Amaro foi escolhido para análise por ser um território extremamente diversificado quanto ao uso e a forma de ocupação e por suas características topográficas e de intenso movimento de pessoas. Assim, foi feito uma análise das calçadas da região através de diversas tipologias de pedestres, a fim de identificar dificuldades específicas e gerais de locomoção no bairro. Foram percorridos aproximadamente 12 quilômetros de calçadas no bairro, onde foi possível agrupá-las em 3 condições principais: Calçadas Adequadas; Calçadas Inadequadas com Potencial de Adequação e Calçadas Inadequadas sem potencial de Adequação. Constatou-se que as áreas com grande potencial parecem estar à espera da conscientização de seus cuidadores, os proprietários, ou apenas de uma aplicabilidade e fiscalização mais rigorosa de nossas legislações em vigência, afinal é direito do cidadão não apenas ir e vir mas ser servido de qualidade em quaisquer que sejam seu percurso.
Molecular characterisation of two known species of Paratylenchus Micoletzky, 1922 from Iran with notes on the validity of Paratylenchus audriellus Brown, 1959
Authors: Esmaeili Mehrab , Heydari Ramin , Castillo Pablo , Ziaie Bidhendi Mozhgan , Palomares-Rius Juan E. 
Published: April 2016

During a survey on pin nematodes in western Iran, two populations ofParatylenchus audriellusandParatylenchus tenuicaudatuswere collected and subsequently analysed morphologically and molecularly.Paratylenchus audriellusis characterised by the long stylet (48-61 μm) and the typical female tail with a characteristic claw-like process with sharply pointed terminus. To our knowledge, the Iranian population ofP. tenuicaudatusis the first record from Iran. The molecular characterisation ofP. audriellusnematodes using the D2-D3 of 28S rRNA and the partial 18S rRNA gene sequences revealed that this species is clearly separated fromP. straeleniand should be considered as a valid taxon.
Dynamics of Upper-Level Frontogenesis in Baroclinic Waves
Authors: Mak Mankin , Lu Yi , Deng Yi 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This paper reports a diagnosis of the structure and dynamics of upper-level fronts (ULFs) simulated with a high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting Model with diabatic heating versus one without diabatic heating. The ULFs of both simulations develop in about 6 days as integral parts of intensifying baroclinic waves. Each has a curvilinear structure along the southern edge of a relatively narrow long tongue of high potential vorticity in which stratospheric air is subducted to different tropospheric levels by synoptic-scale subsidence. It resembles a veil in the sky of varying thickness across the midsection upstream of the trough of the baroclinic wave.
The 3D frontogenetical function is shown to be a necessary and sufficient metric for quantifying the rate of development of ULFs. Its value is mostly associated with the contribution of the 3D ageostrophic velocity component. Upper-level frontogenesis is attributable to the joint direct influence of the vortex-stretching process and the deformation property of the 3D ageostrophic flow component. The model also generates a spectrum of vertically propagating mesoscale gravity waves. The ULFs simulated with and without diabatic heating processes are qualitatively similar. The ULF is considerably more intense when there is heating. The heating, however, does not make a significant direct contribution to but indirectly does so through its impacts on the subsidence field of the baroclinic wave.
Distinct metaplastic and inflammatory phenotypes in autoimmune and adenocarcinoma‐associated chronic atrophic gastritis
Authors: Jeong Sangho , Choi Eunyoung , Petersen Christine P , Roland Joseph T , Federico Alessandro , Ippolito Rossana , D'Armiento Francesco P , Nardone Gerardo , Nagano Osamu , Saya Hideyuki , Romano Marco , Goldenring James R 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundAutoimmune gastritis (AIG) and adenocarcinoma‐associated chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) are both associated with oxyntic atrophy, but AIG patients demonstrate an increased risk of carcinoid tumors rather than the elevated risk of adenocarcinoma observed with CAG. We therefore sought to compare the characteristics of the metaplastic mucosa in AIG and CAG patients.MethodsWe examined markers for metaplasia (spasmolytic polypeptide expressing metaplasia (SPEM) and intestinal metaplasia) as well as proliferation (Ki67) and immune cell populations (neutrophils, macrophages, and eosinophils) in gastric sections from 16 female patients with autoimmune thyroiditis and AIG and 17 patients with CAG associated with gastric adenocarcinoma.ResultsBoth AIG and CAG patients demonstrated prominent SPEM and intestinal metaplasia. However, AIG patients displayed significantly lower numbers of infiltrating macrophages and significantly reduced mucosal cell proliferation as compared to CAG patients.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that, while both AIG and CAG patients display prominent oxyntic atrophy and metaplasia, the AIG patients do not show proliferative metaplastic lineages that would predispose to adenocarcinoma.
Metformin Use and Survival of Patients With Pancreatic Cancer: A Cautionary Lesson
Authors: Chaiteerakij Roongruedee , Petersen Gloria M. , Bamlet William R. , Chaffee Kari G. , Zhen David B. , Burch Patrick A. , Leof Emma R. , Roberts Lewis R. , Oberg Ann L. 
Published: April 2016

Purpose The inclusion of metformin in the treatment arms of cancer clinical trials is based on improved survival that has been demonstrated in retrospective epidemiologic studies; however, unintended biases may exist when analysis is performed by using a conventional Cox proportional hazards regression model with dichotomous ever/never categorization. We examined the impact of metformin exposure definitions, analytical methods, and patient selection on the estimated effect size of metformin exposure on survival in a large cohort of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Patients and Methods Of newly diagnosed patients with PDAC with diabetes, 980 were retrospectively included, and exposure to metformin documented. Median survival was assessed by using Kaplan-Meier and log-rank methods. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CIs were computed to compare time-varying covariate analysis with conventional Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Results Median survival of metformin users versus nonusers was 9.9 versus 8.9 months, respectively. By the time-varying covariate analysis, metformin use was not statistically significantly associated with improved survival (HR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.81 to1.07; P = .28). There was no evidence of benefit in the subset of patients who were naïve to metformin at the time of PDAC diagnosis (most representative of patients enrolled in clinical trials; HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.80 to 1.30; P = .89); however, when the analysis was performed by using the conventional Cox model, an artificial survival benefit of metformin was detected (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.77 to 1.01; P = .08), which suggested biased results from the conventional Cox analysis. Conclusion Our findings did not suggest the benefit of metformin use after patients are diagnosed with PDAC. We highlight the importance of patient selection and appropriate statistical analytical methods when studying medication exposure and cancer survival.
Adjusting for Drug Wastage in Economic Evaluations of New Therapies for Hematologic Malignancies: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lien Karen , Cheung Matthew C. , Chan Kelvin K.W. 
Published: April 2016

Purpose: As costs of cancer care rise, there has been a shift to focus on value. Drug wastage affects costs to patients and health care systems without adding value. Historically, cost-effectiveness analyses have used models that assume no drug wastage; however, this may not reflect real-world practices. We sought to identify the frequency of drug wastage modeling in economic evaluations of modern parenteral therapies for hematologic malignancies. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review of economic evaluations of new US Food and Drug Administration–approved parenteral chemotherapies with indications for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. The primary outcome of interest was the proportion of studies that modeled drug wastage in base-case analyses. If wastage was considered in primary analyses, we reported the impact of wastage on incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) and drug acquisition costs. Results: Wastage was considered in base-case analyses in less than one third of all publications reviewed (12 of 38; 32%). Of these, two studies went on to complete sensitivity analyses and reported significant changes in the calculated ICER as a result. In one study, the ICER increased by 32%, and in the second, accounting for wastage changed a positive ICER to a dominant result. Conclusion: Potential costs associated with drug wastage are considered in only one third of modern cost-effectiveness models. The impact of wastage on calculated ICERs and drug acquisition costs is potentially substantial. The modeling of wastage in base-case and sensitivity analyses is recommended for future economic evaluations of new intravenous therapies for hematologic malignancies.
Assessing the Quality of a Radiation Oncology Case-Based, Peer-Review Program in an Integrated Academic and Community Cancer Center Network
Authors: Thaker Nikhil G. , Sturdevant Laurie , Jhingran Anuja , Das Prajnan , Delclos Marc E. , Gunn Gary B. , McAleer Mary Frances , Tereffe Welela , Choi Seungtaek L. , Frank Steven J. , Simeone William J. , Martinez Wendi , Hahn Stephen M. , Famiglietti Robin , Kuban Deborah A. 
Published: April 2016

Purpose: Academic centers increasingly find a need to define a comprehensive peer-review program that can translate high-quality radiation therapy (RT) to community network sites. In this study, we describe the initial results of a quarterly quality audit program that aims to improve RT peer-review and provider educational processes across community sites. Materials and Methods: An electronic tool was used by community-based certified member (CM) sites to enter clinical treatment information about patients undergoing peer review. At least 10% of the patient load for each CM physician was selected for audit on a quarterly basis by expert academic faculty. Quality metrics included the review of the management plan, technical plan, and other indicators. RT was scored as being concordant or nonconcordant with institutional guidelines, national standards, or expert judgment. Results: A total of 719 patients were entered into the peer-review database by the first four CM sites. Of 14% of patients audited, 17% (18 of 104) were deemed nonconcordant. Nonconcordance rates were lowest in prevalent disease sites, such as breast (16%), colorectal (14%), and lung (12%), whereas rates were highest in lymphoma (50%), brain (44%), and gynecology (27%). Deficiencies included incomplete staging work-up, incorrect target and normal tissue delineation, and nonadherence to accepted dose-volume constraints. Conclusion: Given the high rate of nonconcordance, we recommend prospective, pre-RT peer review of all patients, and, in particular, expert review of patients that are from low-volume or complex disease sites. An integrated approach to peer review holds a promise of improving the quality, safety, and value of cancer therapy in the community setting.
Analysis of After-Hours Patient Telephone Calls in Two Academic Radiation Oncology Departments: An Opportunity for Improvement in Patient Safety and Quality of Care
Authors: Warren Laura E.G. , Kim Miranda B. , Martin Neil E. , Shih Helen A. 
Published: April 2016

Purpose: Patient care within radiation oncology extends beyond the clinic or treatment hours. The on-call radiation oncologist is often not a patient’s primary radiation oncologist, introducing the possibility of communication breakdowns and medical errors. This study analyzed after-hours telephone calls to identify opportunities for improved patient safety and quality of care. Methods and Materials: Patient calls received outside of business hours between July 1, 2013, and June 30, 2014, at two academic radiation oncology departments were retrospectively reviewed. All calls were analyzed using content analysis, and descriptive analyses were performed. Results: During this time, 5,557 courses of radiotherapy (RT) were delivered. A total of 454 calls were received from 369 unique patients (81%), averaging 4.4 calls per week per department. Phone encounters were documented for 223 calls (49%). The calls were categorized by disease site (No., %): central nervous system (91, 20%), head and neck (78, 17%), genitourinary (53, 12%), GI (52, 12%), thoracic (51, 11%), gynecologic (30, 7%), breast (24, 5%), and other (75, 17%). Patients most often called regarding acute medical, non–RT-related issues (144 calls, 32%); acute RT-related adverse effects (127, 28%); and medication management, including refills (63, 14%). Conclusion: This analysis provided novel information regarding the volume of and reasons for after-hours patient-initiated telephone calls. It identified opportunities for actionable improvements in safety and quality of care, particularly with regard to documentation by on-call providers, communication with the primary radiation oncology and extended health care teams, patient education about common RT adverse effects, and medication management.
Heparin interacts with the adhesion GPCR GPR56, reduces receptor shedding, and promotes cell adhesion and motility
Authors: Chiang Nien-Yi , Chang Gin-Wen , Huang Yi-Shu , Peng Yen-Ming , Hsiao Cheng-Chih , Kuo Ming-Ling , Lin Hsi-Hsien 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
GPR56 is an adhesion-class G-protein-coupled receptor responsible for bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria (BFPP), a severe disorder of cortical formation. Additionally, GPR56 is involved in biological processes as diverse as hematopoietic stem cell generation and maintenance, myoblast fusion, muscle hypertrophy, immunoregulation and tumorigenesis. Collagen III and tissue transglutaminase 2 (TG2) have been revealed as the matricellular ligands of GPR56 involved in BFPP and melanoma development, respectively. In this study, we identify heparin as a glycosaminoglycan interacting partner of GPR56. Analyses of truncated and mutant GPR56 proteins reveal two basic-residue-rich clusters, R26GHREDFRFC35 and L190KHPQKASRRP200, as the major heparin-interacting motifs that overlap partially with the collagen III- and TG2-binding sites. Interestingly, the GPR56–heparin interaction is modulated by collagen III but not TG2, even though both ligands are also heparin-binding proteins. Finally, we show that the interaction with heparin reduces GPR56 receptor shedding, and enhances cell adhesion and motility. These results provide novel insights into the interaction of GPR56 with its multiple endogenous ligands and have functional implications in diseases such as BFPP and cancer.
Type II PI4-kinases control Weibel-Palade body biogenesis and von Willebrand factor structure in human endothelial cells
Authors: Lopes da Silva Mafalda , O'Connor Marie N. , Kriston-Vizi Janos , White Ian J. , Al-Shawi Raya , Simons J. Paul , Mössinger Julia , Haucke Volker , Cutler Daniel F. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs) are endothelial storage organelles that mediate the release of molecules involved in thrombosis, inflammation and angiogenesis, including the pro-thrombotic glycoprotein von Willebrand factor (VWF). Although many protein components required for WPB formation and function have been identified, the role of lipids is almost unknown. We examined two key phosphatidylinositol kinases that control phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate levels at the trans-Golgi network, the site of WPB biogenesis. RNA interference of the type II phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases PI4KIIα and PI4KIIβ in primary human endothelial cells leads to formation of an increased proportion of short WPB with perturbed packing of VWF, as exemplified by increased exposure of antibody-binding sites. When stimulated with histamine, these cells release normal levels of VWF yet, under flow, form very few platelet-catching VWF strings. In PI4KIIα-deficient mice, immuno-microscopy revealed that VWF packaging is also perturbed and these mice exhibit increased blood loss after tail cut compared to controls. This is the first demonstration that lipid kinases can control the biosynthesis of VWF and the formation of WPBs that are capable of full haemostatic function.
Computational Study of Cyclobutane-1,3-diylidene Dicarbenes: Ground-State Spin Multiplicity and New Strategy toward the Synthesis of Bicyclo[1.1.0]but-1(3)-enes
Authors: Fujita Yoshiki , Abe Manabu , Shiota Yoshihito , Suzuki Tatsuya , Yoshizawa Kazunari 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCoupled-cluster calculations were performed for cyclobutane-1,3-diylidene dicarbenes 2 at the CCSD(T)//CCSD/cc-pVDZ level of theory, in which the ground-state spin multiplicity and the structures of unique molecules were investigated in detail. The closed-shell singlet state 2(Sσπ) with a bicyclo[1.1.0]but-1(3)-ene (BBE) structure found to be the ground-state was much lower in energy than the corresponding singlet dicarbene structure 2(S**), the quintet state 2(Q), and the triplet state 2(T), suggesting that the hitherto experimentally unknown BBE structure can be synthesized by the intramolecular dimerization of two carbene units. The energy gap between the BBE structures 2(Sσπ) and corresponding quintet states 2(Q) with electron-withdrawing substituents (X = F) at the C2 and C4 positions was found to be larger than that with electron-donating substituents (X = SiH3), i.e., ca. 100 kcal mol−1 for 2b (X = F) &gt; ca. 85 kcal mol−1 for 2a (X = H) &gt; ca. 70 kcal mol−1 for 2c (X = SiH3). Two unique structures, 2(Tσ) with a C1–σ–C3 bond and 2(Tπ) with a C1–π–C3 bond, were found to be the equilibrium structures for the triplet state of cyclobutane-1,3-diylidene dicarbenes 2.
Sample procurement for cultures of infected wounds: a systematic review
Authors: Copeland-Halperin L.R. , Kaminsky A.J. , Bluefeld N. , Miraliakbari R. 
Published: April 2016

Objective: Identifying the responsible pathogen is required in order to select optimum antimicrobial therapy for infected wounds, but the best techniques to use remain the subject of debate. Our aim was to assess the evidence on the value of wound swabs compared with biopsies. Method: We conducted a systematic literature review with the terms ‘wound infection’, ‘wound swab’, ‘wound swab technique’, ‘wound biopsy’, ‘wound culture’, ‘wound swab comparison’, ‘Levine swab technique’, ‘microbiological technique’, ‘specimen handling’, ‘bacterial load’, ‘perioperative care’, ‘swab’, and ‘culture’. We examined yields in identifying relevant pathogens, summarised salient features of qualifying studies, and defined knowledge gaps and endpoints that future studies should address. Results: Studies have been inconsistent, lacking specificity regarding wound types, clinical features, and sampling methods. We found moderate quality evidence that punch biopsies provide qualitative and quantitative information about the bacterial load and tissue reaction with nearly 100% sensitivity, 90% specificity and 95% accuracy for predicting wound closure. Biopsies are relatively invasive, costly, require skilled operators, and potentially exacerbate infection. Needle aspiration samples a limited portion and may enter uninfected tissue and extend infection. Wound swabs are minimally invasive, easier to perform and widely employed in clinical practice, but techniques vary. In comparative studies, the Levine technique was superior to the Z-swab techniques, and biopsies were more sensitive for antibiotic-resistant wounds than Levine or Levine-like swabs, suggesting that swabs may be useful for initial wound monitoring, but biopsies are preferred when antibiotic resistance is suspected. Conclusion: The Levine swab is superior to the Z-swab technique and may be useful for initial wound monitoring, but quantitative biopsies are preferred for evaluation of antibiotic-resistant wounds and to monitor the response to treatment. There is limited evidence on the role of wound swabs for detecting wound colonisation versus infection and the impact of culture-guided therapy on such clinical outcomes as eradication of infection and accelerated healing. Future studies should specify patient populations, wound types, sampling protocols, and outcomes based on culture yield and treatment results, using rigorous statistical methodology.