bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early onset preeclampsia is associated with an elevated mean platelet volume (MPV) and a greater rise in MPV from time of booking compared with pregnant controls: results of the CAPE study
Authors: Monteith Cathy , Egan Karl , O’Connor Hugh , Maguire Patricia , Kevane Barry , Szklanna Paulina B. , Cooley Sharon , Malone Fergal , Áinle Fionnuala Ní 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjective:To characterise Mean platelet volume (MPV) in patients with early onset preeclampsia (EOPE) and unaffected controls from time of first antenatal visit until the postpartum.Materials and methods:Retrospective secondary analysis of an observational study in an Irish tertiary referral centre with 9000 deliveries annually. The MPV of 27 women with EOPE was compared to 19 unaffected controls. The inclusion criteria for the disease state was the development of EOPE defined by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guideline, as new onset hypertension presenting after 20 weeks and prior to 34 weeks with significant proteinuria. Between October 2013 and July 2015 we recruited 27 women with EOPE and 19 pregnant controls. Statistical analysis was performed using paired T-test of Mann-Whitney test where appropriate and a P-value <0.05 was deemed significant.Results:At time of diagnosis and late in the third trimester MPV was significantly increased to 9.0 (±0.3) fL in cases of EOPE in comparison to 8.5 (±0.6) fL in normotensive controls (P<0.05). There was no significant difference during the first trimester or postpartum when comparing the MPV in EOPE to controls.Conclusion:Despite an increased MPV at time of diagnosis of EOPE this study did not demonstrate a potential use for increased MPV as a first trimester screening tool.
Watch out for congenital Zika syndrome in non-endemic regions
Authors: Zare Mehrjardi Mohammad 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), first discovered in 1947, is the most recent member of the TORCH family. It usually causes an asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic disease in infected adults but can lead to severe brain abnormalities in fetuses who are infected in utero by vertical transmission of the virus through the placenta. The constellation of these fetal/neonatal abnormalities is named as congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Although horizontal transmission of ZIKV is largely dependent on the presence of the vector (i.e. Aedes mosquitoes), women residing in non-endemic areas are still at risk of acquiring the infection once they travel to an endemic region or have unprotected sexual contact with an infected male. Therefore, it is important for physicians practicing in non-endemic regions to be familiar with the clinical and neuroimaging manifestations of CZS and to consider this diagnosis as a potential etiology for congenital microcephaly and other fetal central nervous system abnormalities.
Dental anomalies inCaluromys(Marsupialia, Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae, Caluromyinae) and a reassessment of malformations in New World marsupials (Didelphimorphia, Microbiotheria and Paucituberculata)
Authors: Martin Gabriel M. , Chemisquy María Amelia 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDental anomalies have been documented in almost all mammalian orders, and include supernumerary or missing teeth, teeth with aberrant occlusal surfaces and/or roots and teeth in unusual positions. Our objectives were the description and categorization of dental anomalies in all species of the genusCaluromys. We studied 462 crania, recorded and classified dental anomalies in four categories: variations in occlusal/root morphology; teeth in unusual positions; supernumerary/missing teeth; presence of unshed deciduous premolars. We found anomalies in all species, with a percentage ranging from 11% to 6.3%.Caluromys derbianusproduced anomalous M4/m4 and flipped crowns, the other two species produced higher numbers of missing teeth. We infer that flipped crowns might have consequences in mastication, while other anomalies seem to be less functionally important, especially those at the end of the toothrow. Comparisons with other New World marsupials show caluromyines have more anomalies in M4/m4 shape (similar to microbiotherids) and flipped crowns, while didelphids have more supernumerary teeth, and caenolestids have more missing teeth.
Applications of stem cell-derived exosomes in tissue engineering and neurological diseases
Authors: Sun Baichuan , Peng Jiang , Wang Shoufeng , Liu Xuejian , Zhang Kaihong , Zhang Zengzeng , Wang Chong , Jing Xiaoguang , Zhou Chengfu , Wang Yu 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with diameters of 30–100 nm that are key for intercellular communication. Almost all types of cell, including dendritic cells, T cells, mast cells, epithelial cells, neuronal cells, adipocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, and platelets, can release exosomes. Exosomes are present in human body fluids, such as urine, amniotic fluid, malignant ascites, synovial fluid, breast milk, cerebrospinal fluid, semen, saliva, and blood. Exosomes have biological functions in immune response, antigen presentation, intercellular communication, and RNA and protein transfer. This review provides a brief overview of the origin, morphological characteristics, enrichment and identification methods, biological functions, and applications in tissue engineering and neurological diseases of exosomes.
A Novel Sterol-Signaling Pathway Governs Azole Antifungal Drug Resistance and Hypoxic Gene Repression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Serratore Nina D , Baker Kortany M , Macadlo Lauren A , Gress Abigail R , Powers Brendan L , Atallah Nadia , Westerhouse Kirsten M , Hall Mark C , Weake Vikki M , Briggs Scott D 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
During antifungal drug treatment and hypoxia, genetic and epigenetic changes occur to maintain sterol homeostasis and cellular function. In this study, we show that SET domain-containing epigenetic factors govern drug efficacy to the medically relevant azole class of antifungal drugs. Upon this discovery, we determined that Set4 is induced when Saccharomyces cerevisiae are treated with azole drugs or grown under hypoxic conditions; two conditions that deplete cellular ergosterol and increase sterol precursors. Interestingly, Set4 induction is controlled by the sterol-sensing transcription factors, Upc2 and Ecm22. To determine the role of Set4 on gene expression under hypoxic conditions, we performed RNA-sequencing analysis and showed that Set4 is required for global changes in gene expression. Specifically, loss of Set4 led to an upregulation of nearly all ergosterol genes, including ERG11 and ERG3, suggesting that Set4 functions in gene repression. Furthermore, mass spectrometry analysis revealed that Set4 interacts with the hypoxic-specific transcriptional repressor, Hap1, where this interaction is necessary for Set4 recruitment to ergosterol gene promoters under hypoxia. Finally, an erg3Δ strain, which produces precursor sterols but lacks ergosterol, expresses Set4 under untreated aerobic conditions. Together, our data suggest that sterol precursors are needed for Set4 induction through an Upc2-mediated mechanism. Overall, this new sterol-signaling pathway governs azole antifungal drug resistance and mediates repression of sterol genes under hypoxic conditions.
Spruce Trees Growth and Forest Landscape Depending on Microstational Factors and Ecological Conditions
Authors: PLESA Ioana , DAN Cătălina , TRUȚA Alina , HOLONEC Liviu , SESTRAS Adriana F. , BOSCAIU Monica , SESTRAS Radu E. 
Published: December 2017

Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) is an important forest tree species in Romania, occupying approximately 24% of the total forest area. Due to its variable temperament, the spruce is generally considered a semi-shadow species. Through the research carried out in Valea Ierii (N-W of Romania), the response of spruce was evaluated according to different microstational conditions (e.g. exposure, altitude, density etc.), in nine sample plots, each of them with a surface of 500 m2, on a total area of 10 hectares. There were noted interaction responses to several ecological factors. Results showed that the trees with South-West exposure and at an altitude of 1,200-1,370 m have accumulated the largest amount of biomass, showing significant differences from the trees exposed on North-East plots and at altitudes comprised between 1,170-1,380 m. Behavioural differences regarding growth and biomass accumulation capacity was statistically ascribed to slope exposition, which was therefore considered as principal factor regulating landscape function of the forest, with a strong ecological impact. In the whole set of populations, the response function varied considerably within the S-W expositional plots compared to the N-E plots exposition, but without significant differences related to trees density and altitudinal level. Because all stands under study were pure, composed of even-aged spruce trees, differences may be related to a range of habitats as geosystem and/or geofacies levels, respectively altitudinal forest, exposition, density and other local conditions. The superior growth of the trees on the S-W exposition slope was explained due to the young stage of the spruce, and the trees preference until this age for sunny and more dried conditions. Probably, in the next years, the trees’ evolution will confirm that the spruce prefer low temperatures, low insolation inside the forest, high and permanent humidity. Further spatio-temporal analysis will be useful for reliable hypothesis to be inferred as functions of the forest, but also landscaping, depending of the trees’ age and ecological conditions.
Complementary feeding practices of children (6 months-23 months) in and around Lucknow, India
Authors: Srivastava Geetika , Bhatnagar Shrish , Khan Kabeer Ahmad 
Published: December 2017

Background: According to infant and child mortality in India, levels trends and determinants the under 5 mortality rates (UFMR) of India is facing a steady decline but at this rate India could not meet its target of millennium development goal-4 (MDG-4), which aimed to reduced UFMR by 2/3rds between 1990 and 2015. Objective of the current study was to study the complementary feeding practices amongst children of age group 6 months to 23 months in Lucknow.Methods: In this prospective cross sectional study 256 mothers were interviewed over a period of 6 months at a referral care centre in Lucknow. Children of age groups 6-8 months, 9-11 months and 12-23 months attending the Paediatric OPD were included in the study. WHO anthropometric indices of nutritional status: weight-for-age, length-for-age and weight-for-length, expressed in standard deviation (SD) units (z-scores) were calculated. Information on feeding practices and various particulars of the study children were taken into account and the WHO Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices were calculated. Complementary feeding index CFI was calculated using these WHO indicators.Results: In the study group 24% of the children were stunted, 38% were underweight and 35% were wasted. The CFI was seen to be low in 32%, medium in 61% and high only in 7% children. It was found that parental education had significant correlation with CFI. Weight for height was significantly associated with CFI (p=0.011).Conclusions: CFI is an important tool to target the lacunae in complementary feeding practices. The CFI scores directly correlate with the nutrition status of children thus targeting the determinants of CFI will bring a positive change in infant and young child feeding practices.
A cross sectional study of polycystic ovarian syndrome among young women in Bhopal, Central India
Authors: Gupta Mahesh , Singh Daneshwar , Toppo Manju , Priya Angelin , Sethia Soumitra , Gupta Preeti 
Published: December 2017

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age groups. It is one of the leading causes of poor fertility. Risk factors include obesity, not enough physical exercise, and a family history. Most studies in India report prevalence of PCOS as 9.13% to 36%. Behaviour and life style modifications are important part of treatment for PCOS. A number of cases in the community due to lack of awareness and proper guidance, it remains undiagnosed. Aim of this study was to find the prevalence of PCOS among the young females of Bhopal city. Thus, risk assessment in the form of a survey would be one of the strategies to identify this syndrome early so as to encourage young women to seek timely treatment and prevent its long term complications. Methods: Non comparative cross sectional study for duration of 8 month. Results: The prevalence of PCOS in this study was 8.20%. Among all the risk factors, BMI ≥25 (P value < 0.0001) and waist hip ratio ≥0.85 (<0.0001) were strongly associated with the presence of PCOS and Lack of awareness, there were in girls (78.4%). Conclusions: Women who were having BMI ≥25 and waist hip ratio ≥0.85 should be educated about its complications and should be advised weight loss. Girls who had irregularity of menses and signs of hyperandrogenism should be investigated and must be managed accordingly. Early diagnosis of PCOS and its prompt treatment will help the girls to improve quality of life.
EQUILÍBRIO DE ADSORÇÃO DO CORANTE RODAMINA B EM CARVÃO ATIVADO OBTIDO DOS RESÍDUOS DO COCO VERDE
Authors: De Almeida e Silva Estela Souza Costa , Pinto Bruna Cristina , Lima Athos Silva , De Oliveira Magno André , Da Silva Bezerra Augusto Cesar , Souza Thainá Stefanie Ferreira , Rodrigues Christianne Garcia , Machado Alan Rodrigues Teixeira 
Published: December 2017

Com o objetivo ao desenvolvimento de materiais alternativos para o tratamento de efluentes aquosos contendo contaminantes orgânicos, com este trabalho, foi produzido um carvão ativado utilizando como fonte de carbono os resíduos do coco verde. Ademais, o comportamento da adsorção do corante rodamina B, no material produzido, foi estudado em função da temperatura por meio das isotermas de adsorção e de seus parâmetros termodinâmicos. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a adsorção da rodamina B em carvão ativado é um processo espontâneo e endotérmico, e a quantidade de rodamina B adsorvida aumenta com a concentração a uma temperatura constante. Os resultados demonstraram, também, o potencial dos resíduos do coco verde como matéria-prima para obtenção de carvão ativado, bem como para o tratamento de efluentes contendo contaminantes orgânicos.
Predicted Impact of the Food and Drug Administration’s Menu-Labeling Regulations on Restaurants in 4 New Jersey Cities
Authors: Gruner Jessie , DeWeese Robin S. , Lorts Cori , Yedidia Michael J. , Ohri-Vachaspati Punam 
Published: December 2017

Objectives. To determine the proportion of restaurants that will be required to post calorie information under the Food and Drug Administration’s menu-labeling regulations in 4 New Jersey cities. Methods. We classified geocoded 2014 data on 1753 restaurant outlets in accordance with the Food and Drug Administration’s guidelines, which will require restaurants with 20 or more locations nationwide to post calorie information. We used multivariate logistic regression analyses to assess the association between menu-labeling requirements and census tract characteristics. Results. Only 17.6% of restaurants will be affected by menu labeling; restaurants in higher-income tracts have higher odds than do restaurants in lower-income tracts (odds ratio [OR] = 1.55; P = .02). Restaurants in non-Hispanic Black (OR = 1.62; P = .02) and mixed race/ethnicity (OR = 1.44; P = .05) tracts have higher odds than do restaurants in non-Hispanic White tracts of being affected. Conclusions. Additional strategies are needed to help consumers make healthy choices at restaurants not affected by the menu-labeling law. These findings have implications for designing implementation strategies for the law and for evaluating its impact.
Hearing Aid Acquisition in Chinese Older Adults With Hearing Loss
Authors: He Ping , Wen Xu , Hu Xiangyang , Gong Rui , Luo Yanan , Guo Chao , Chen Gong , Zheng Xiaoying 
Published: December 2017

Objectives. To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of hearing aid acquisition in Chinese older adults. Methods. We obtained data from a population-based survey on ear and hearing disorders, which was conducted in 4 provinces of China in 2014 to 2015. Trained examiners conducted pure tone audiometry and audiologists further ascertained for hearing loss. We relied on hearing conditions and audiologists’ recommendations to identify 1503 participants who needed to wear hearing aids. Results. Among those 1503 participants, the estimated prevalence of hearing aid acquisition was 6.5% (95% confidence interval = 5.3%, 7.8%). Urban residency, having severe hearing loss, understanding hearing aid function, and receiving a hearing test in the past 12 months were associated with elevated prevalence of hearing aid acquisition. The top-3 reported reasons for not acquiring a hearing aid were not understanding its function (25.4%), not needing it (22.3%), and not being able to afford it (21.3%). Conclusions. Hearing aid use, as a widespread rehabilitation and treatment of hearing loss, remains a big challenge in China. Apart from providing low-cost hearing aids, more efforts should focus on improving hearing knowledge and disseminating information about hearing aid function among older adults.
Cost-Related Medication Nonadherence for Older Adults Participating in SNAP, 2013–2015
Authors: Srinivasan Mithuna , Pooler Jennifer A. 
Published: December 2017

Objectives. To estimate the impact of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation on cost-related medication nonadherence (CRN) for older adults in the United States, with a particular focus on those who are food insecure and those threatened by hunger. Methods. We used propensity score matching to create matched intervention and comparison groups of SNAP-eligible US adults aged 60 years and older with data from the 2013–2015 National Health Interview Survey. Intervention group participants were identified on the basis of self-reported SNAP participation in the past year. Results. SNAP participants were 4.8 percentage points less likely to engage in CRN than eligible nonparticipants (P < .01). The effect of SNAP is about twice as large for older adults threatened by hunger (9.1 percentage points; P < .01), and considerable even for those who are food insecure (7.4 percentage points; P < .05). Conclusions. Findings point to a spillover “income effect” as SNAP may help older adults better afford their medications, conceivably by reducing out-of-pocket food expenditures. When prescribing treatment plans, health systems and payers have a vested interest in connecting older patients to SNAP and other resources that may help address barriers to care.
Various Types of Arthritis in the United States: Prevalence and Age-Related Trends From 1999 to 2014
Authors: Park Juyoung , Mendy Angelico , Vieira Edgar R. 
Published: December 2017

Objectives. To determine the prevalence trends of osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and other types of arthritis in the United States from 1999 to 2014. Methods. We analyzed data on 43 706 community-dwelling adults aged 20 years and older who participated in the 1999–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. We accounted for survey design and sampling weights so that estimates were nationally representative. We assessed temporal trends in age-standardized arthritis prevalence by using joinpoint regression. Results. Age-adjusted prevalence of arthritis was 24.7% (OA = 9.7%; RA = 4.2%; other arthritis = 2.8%; “don’t know” type = 8.0%). Prevalence of OA increased from 6.6% to 14.3%, whereas RA prevalence decreased from 5.9% to 3.8%. Increase in OA prevalence was significant in both genders; in non-Hispanic Whites, non-Hispanic Blacks, and Hispanics; and in people with high socioeconomic status. Decrease in RA prevalence was more pronounced in men, non-Hispanic Blacks, and participants with low income or obesity. Conclusions. Between 1999 and 2014, nearly one quarter of American adults reported arthritis. The prevalence of OA has more than doubled over time, whereas RA prevalence has declined.
Inequality in Utilization of Dental Services: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Reda Sophie F. , Reda Seif M. , Thomson W. Murray , Schwendicke Falk 
Published: December 2017

Background. Dental diseases are among the most prevalent conditions worldwide, with universal access to dental care being one key to tackling them. Systematic quantification of inequalities in dental service utilization is needed to identify where these are most pronounced, assess factors underlying the inequalities, and evaluate changes in inequalities with time. Objectives. To evaluate the presence and extent of inequalities in dental services utilization. Search Methods. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis by searching 3 electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Database), covering the period from January 2005 to April 2017. Selection Criteria. We included observational studies investigating the association between regular dental service utilization and sex, ethnicity, place of living, educational or income or occupational position, or insurance coverage status. Two reviewers undertook independent screening of studies and made decisions by consensus. Data Collection and Analysis. Our primary outcome was the presence and extent of inequalities in dental service utilization, measured as relative estimates (usually odds ratios [ORs]) comparing different (high and low utilization) groups. We performed random effects meta-analysis and subgroup analyses by region, and we used meta-regression to assess whether and how associations changed with time. Main Results. A total of 117 studies met the inclusion criteria. On the basis of 7 830 810 participants, dental services utilization was lower in male than female participants (OR = 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.74, 0.95; P < .001); ethnic minorities or immigrants than ethnic majorities or natives (OR = 0.71; 95% CI = 0.59, 0.82; P < .001); those living in rural than those living in urban places (OR = 0.87; 95% CI = 0.76, 0.97; P = .011); those with lower than higher educational position (OR = 0.61; 95% CI = 0.55, 0.68; P < .001) or income (OR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.54, 0.79; P < .001); and among those without insurance coverage status than those with such status (OR = 0.58; 95% CI = 0.49, 0.68; P < .001). Occupational status (OR = 0.95; 95% CI = 0.81, 1.09; P = .356) had no significant impact on utilization. The observed inequalities did not significantly change over the assessed 12-year period and were universally present. Authors’ Conclusions. Inequalities in dental service utilization are both considerable and globally consistent. Public Health Implications. The observed inequalities in dental services utilization can be assumed to significantly cause or aggravate existing dental health inequalities. Policymakers should address the physical, socioeconomic, or psychological causes underlying the inequalities in utilization.