bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dying of pestilence: Stature and mortality from the Black Death in 14th‐century Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Hansen David W. , DeWitte Sharon N. , Slavin Philip 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesBioarchaeological studies have provided important information about mortality patterns during the second pandemic of plague, including the Black Death, but most to date have focused on European contexts. This study represents a spatial contribution to plague bioarchaeology, focusing on Central Asia, the origin of the second pandemic. We examine the relationship between stature and plague mortality during an outbreak of plague at Kara‐Djigach in northern Kyrgyzstan in 1338–1339, the earliest archaeological site known to contain victims of the Black Death in Eurasia.MethodsThis study uses epigraphic data and in situ measurements from the Syriac Christian cemeteries at Kara‐Djigach, obtained from field notes from excavations conducted by Russian archaeologists in the 1880s (n = 34 individuals). The epigraphic data provide detailed information about the interred individuals, including occupations, year of death, and gender. In situ measurements provide data on adult stature. This study uses chi‐square and Fisher's exact tests to examine relationships between stature and plague at the site.ResultsWe find evidence that relatively short people were disproportionately affected by plague when compared with non‐plague years.DiscussionThese results might reflect increased mortality risks from plague based on exposure to early life biological stress events.
Technical note: Does scan resolution or downsampling impact the analysis of trabecular bone architecture?
Authors: Lukova Andrea , Dunmore Christopher J. , Tsegai Zewdi J. , Bachmann Sebastian , Synek Alexander , Skinner Matthew M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe “gold standard” for the assessment of trabecular bone structure is high‐resolution micro‐CT. In this technical note, we test the influence of initial scan resolution and post hoc downsampling on the quantitative and qualitative analysis of trabecular bone in a Gorilla tibia. We analyzed trabecular morphology in the right distal tibia of one Gorilla gorilla individual to investigate the impact of variation in voxel size on measured trabecular variables. For each version of the micro‐CT volume, trabecular bone was segmented using the medical image analysis method. Holistic morphometric analysis was then used to analyze bone volume (BV/TV), anisotropy (DA), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), spacing (Tb.Sp), and number (Tb.N). Increasing voxel size during initial scanning was found to have a strong impact on DA and Tb.Th measures, while BV/TV, Tb.Sp, and Tb.N were found to be less sensitive to variations in initial scan resolution. All tested parameters were not substantially influenced by downsampling up to 90 μm resolution. Color maps of BV/TV and DA also retained their distribution up to 90 μm. This study is the first to examine the effect of variation in micro‐CT voxel size on the analysis of trabecular bone structure using whole epiphysis approaches. Our results indicate that microstructural variables may be measured for most trabecular parameters up to a voxel size of 90 μm for both scan and downsampled resolutions. Moreover, if only BV/TV, Tb.Sp or Tb.N is measured, even larger voxel sizes might be used without substantially affecting the results.
Rational Molecular Design of a Fluorescent Probe for Selectively Sensing Human Cytochrome P450 2D6
Authors: Ning Jing , Tian Zhenhao , Wang Jiayue , Yan Fei , Shi Chao , Zhang Shujing , Feng Lei , Shu Xiaohong , Cui Jingnan , James Tony D. , Ma Xiaochi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) is a key enzyme that mediates the metabolism of various drugs and endogenous substances in humans. However, its biological role in drug‐drug interactions especially mechanism‐based inactivation (MBI), and various diseases remains poorly understood, owing to the lack of molecular tools suitable for selectively monitoring CYP2D6 in complex biological systems. Herein, using a tailored molecular strategy, we developed a fluorescent probe BDPM for CYP2D6. BDPM exhibits excellent specificity and imaging capability for CYP2D6, making it suitable for the real‐time monitoring of endogenous CYP2D6 activity in living bio‐samples. Therefore, our tailored strategy proved useful for constructing the highly selective and enzyme‐activated fluorescent probes. BDPM as a molecular tool to explore the critical roles of CYP2D6 in the pathogenesis of diseases, high‐throughput screening of inhibitors and intensive investigation of CYP2D6‐induced MBI in natural systems.
Spaltung von Carbodicarbenen mit N2O zu stabilen Diazoalkenen: Zweifacher Ligandenaustausch an einem C(0)‐Atom
Authors: He Yijie , Lyu Yichong , Tymann David , Antoni Patrick W. , Hansmann Max M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDie Spaltung von Carbophosphinocarbenen und Carbodicarbenen mit Distickstoffmonoxid (N2O) führt zur Bildung von raumtemperaturstabilen Diazoalkenen. Die Nützlichkeit von Ph3P/N2 und NHC/N2 Ligandenaustauschreaktionen wurde durch den Zugang zu neuartigen Benzimidazol‐ und Benzothiazol‐abgeleiteten Diazoalkenen demonstriert, die mit den derzeit üblichen Methoden nicht zugänglich sind. Die stabilen Diazoalkene ermöglichen anschließend weitere Ligandenaustauschreaktionen an einem C(0)‐Zentrum mit Kohlenmonoxid, Isocyanid oder einem Diamidocarben (DAC). Insgesamt ermöglicht die Kombination von bisher unbekannten NHC/N2 und N2/L (L = DAC, CO, R−NC) Ligandenaustauschreaktionen an einem C(0)‐Zentrum die selektive Funktionalisierung der Carbodicarben‐Ligandenstruktur, was eine neue Methode zum schnellen Aufbau neuartiger Carbodicarbene oder Cumulenverbindungen darstellt.
Zinc‐Ferricyanide Flow Batteries Operating Stably under −10 °C
Authors: Zhi Liping , Liao Chenyi , Xu Pengcheng , Li Guohui , Yuan Zhizhang , Li Xianfeng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAlkaline ferri/ferro‐cyanide‐based flow batteries are well suited for energy storage because of their features of high electrochemical activity, good kinetics and low material cost. However, they suffer from low energy density and poor temperature adaptability. The ferri/ferro‐cyanide catholyte exhibits low solubility (~0.4 M at 25 °C) in NaOH‐ or KOH‐based supporting electrolyte and can easily form precipitates below room temperature. Here we report a lithium‐based supporting electrolyte that significantly enhances the solubility of ferrocyanide. The use of LiOH intensifies the ion‐dipole interaction between water molecules and solutes and cripples polarization among ferrocyanide ions. Thus, we have achieved a ferrocyanide‐based catholyte of 1.7 M at 25 °C and of 0.8 M at −10 °C. A zinc‐ferricyanide flow battery based on the lithium‐based supporting electrolyte demonstrates a steady charge energy of ~72 Wh L−1catholyte at 25 °C, and maintains stable for ~4200 cycles (~4200 hours). Furthermore, it remains stable for ~800 cycles (~800 hours) at −10 °C.
Cleavage of Carbodicarbenes with N2O for Accessing Stable Diazoalkenes: Two‐Fold Ligand Exchange at a C(0)‐Atom
Authors: He Yijie , Lyu Yichong , Tymann David , Antoni Patrick W. , Hansmann Max M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe cleavage of carbophosphinocarbenes and carbodicarbenes with nitrous oxide (N2O) leads to the formation of room‐temperature stable diazoalkenes. The utility of Ph3P/N2 and NHC/N2 ligand exchange reactions were demonstrated by accessing novel benzimidazole‐ and benzothiazole derived diazoalkenes, which are not accessible by the current state‐of‐the‐art methods. The stable diazoalkenes subsequently allow further ligand exchange reactions at C(0) with carbon monoxide, isocyanide, or a diamidocarbene (DAC). Overall, the combination of hitherto unknown NHC/N2 and N2/L (L = DAC, CO, R−NC) ligand exchange reactions at a C(0) center allow the selective functionalization of the carbodicarbene ligand structure which represents a new methodology to rapidly assemble novel carbodicarbenes or cumulenic compounds.
Reduction Removal of Cr(VI) Using Oxalic Acid With MOF‐525(Fe) as Catalyst: Performance and Mechanism
Authors: Kong Yun , Xu Hui , Hu Wenbin , Huang Bowen , Wang Renjuan , Shao Jin , Chen Qi , Yang Qiang 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTHexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) has attracted great considerations due to their high toxicity, teratogenicity, and carcinogenicity. In this study, four Zr‐MOFs were synthesized and used to comparative study their catalytic performances of oxalic acid (OA) for Cr(VI) removal. Results showed that the removal efficiency for Cr(VI) was reached 65.91%, 78.64%, 53.58%, and 96.32% by MOF‐525, MOF‐525(Co), MOF‐525(Zn), and MOF‐525(Fe) in the presence of OA when the initial Cr(VI) concentration was 100 mg·L−1, respectively. The single‐factor experiments for further improving the Cr(VI) removal by MOF‐525(Fe)/OA demonstrated that the optimal conditions were OA dosage of 790 mg·L−1, and MOF‐525(Fe) dosage of 500 mg·L−1 and pH of 2.0, and the MOF‐525(Fe)/OA system could be used to treat Cr(VI)‐containing wastewater at concentrations below 50 mg·L−1. Ionic strength studies indicated that Na+, K+, Mg2+, Cl−, and SO42− had little effect on the catalytic reduction of Cr(VI), while high concentrations of Ca2+ (0.10 and 0.25 mol·L−1), NO3− (0.25 mol·L−1), and PO43− (0.25 mol·L−1) had significant inhibition effects. The reusability experiments showed that the stability of MOF‐525(Fe) was excellent, and it could be used for potential applications. Based on the results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance spectrometer (EPR), the possible reduction mechanism of Cr(VI) by MOF‐525(Fe)/OA system was proposed as follows: The complexation of OA with Fe3+ was first complexed to produce Fe2+ and CO2•−, then Cr(VI) was combined with Zr–O and Fe–O clusters in MOF‐525(Fe) to obtain activation energy, and the reduction ability was enhanced at the same time; finally, Cr(VI) obtained electrons from CO2•− and was sequentially reduced as Cr(V) and Cr(III).
Recent Advancements in Fe‐Based Catalysts for the Efficient Reduction of NOx by CO
Authors: Lian Dianxing , Chen Mohaoyang , Wang Huanli , Li Chenxi , Dai Guiyao , Liu Botao , Hou Shujun , Zhang Weiwei , Wu Ke , Ji Yongjun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe technology of CO selective catalytic reduction of NOx (CO‐SCR) showcases the potential to simultaneously eliminate CO and NOx from industrial flue gas and automobile exhaust, making it a promising denitrification method. The development of cost‐effective catalysts is crucial for the widespread implementation of this technology. Transition metal catalysts are more economically viable than noble metal catalysts. Among these, Fe emerges as a prominent choice due to its abundant availability and cost‐effectiveness, exhibiting excellent catalytic performance at moderate reaction temperatures. However, a significant challenge lies in achieving high catalytic activity at low temperatures, particularly in the presence of O2, SO2, and H2O, which are prevalent in specific industrial flue gas streams. This review examines the use of Fe‐based catalysts in the CO‐SCR reaction and elucidates their catalytic mechanism. Furthermore, it also discusses various strategies devised to enhance low‐temperature conversion, taking into account factors such as crystal phase, valence states, and oxygen vacancies. Subsequently, the review outlines the challenges encountered by Fe‐based catalysts and offers recommendations to improve their catalytic efficiency for use in low‐temperature and oxygen‐rich environments.
Amino‐Terephthalonitrile and Amino‐Terephthalate‐Based Single Benzene Fluorophores – Compact Color Tunable Molecular Dyes for Bioimaging and Bioanalysis
Authors: Raghava Tanya , Banerjee Subhadeep 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis review article discusses the emerging amino‐terephthalonitrile (Am‐TN) and amino terephthalate‐based single benzene fluorophores (SBFs) for their highly emissive nature and potential for numerous technical applications. Am‐TN‐SBFs are a new class of SBFs having amine as the electron donating (EDG) and dinitrile as the electron withdrawing group (EWG). The beauty of these Am‐TN‐SBFs lies in excellent intramolecular charge transfer between the EDG and EWG. The placement of two nitrile groups in para‐position on the benzene ring allows better charge transfer from the donating amines to the linear nitrile group leading to the strongly emissive nature. We also outline here the latest developments in the well‐known family of amino terephthalate SBFs reported in the last 2 to 3 years. Amino terephthalate SBFs have esters as the EWG and amine as the EDG. These have intramolecular H‐bonding between the EDG and EWG which is responsible for their emissive behavior.
Revisiting the Reaction of Sulfur Ylides with Acetylenic Esters: Synthesis of Trisubstituted 1,3‐Dienes, α‐Carbonyl Vinyl Sulfoxides and α‐Carbonyl Vinyl Sulfoxonium Ylides
Authors: de Jesus Matheus P. , Burtoloso Antonio C. B. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe report herein a reexamination of the reactions between sulfoxonium ylides and acetylenic esters. Continuing our previous study of conjugate additions using α‐carbonyl sulfoxonium ylides, we came across an interesting transformation when dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) was employed as a Michael acceptor. Trisubstituted electron‐deficient 1,3‐dienes and α‐carbonyl vinyl sulfoxides were obtained for the first time from these sulfur ylides, in a stereoselective manner (exclusively forming the E‐isomer), achieving yields of up to 70 % and 83 %, respectively. Selected dienes were subsequently utilized in the synthesis of novel nitrogen heterocycles. Interestingly, when di‐tert‐butyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DtBAD) or alkyl propiolates were evaluated, the isolated product arose from the classical Michael addition, yielding α‐carbonyl vinyl sulfoxonium ylides in yields of up to 89 %.
Achieving Excellent H2 Evolution Activity of Silver Nanocatalyst by a Simple Electrochemical Treatment Process
Authors: Tran Tien D. , Le Ly T. , Nguyen Anh D. , Tran Phong D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSilver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized in an aqueous solution via the reduction of AgNO3 employing citrate reducing agent. The resultant AgNPs were first assayed for the catalytic H2 evolution in an acidic electrolyte, namely pH 0.3 H2SO4 solution, showing negligible activity. The AgNPs were then conditioned in the same electrolyte solution while repeating the cyclic potential polarization between −0.25 V and 0.95 V (or 1.8 V) versus RHE. Effects of the electrochemical treatment to the morphology, crystalline, surface chemistry and H2 evolution catalytic activity of AgNPs were examined. It was found that the electrochemical treatment remarkably boosted the H2 evolution catalytic activity of AgNPs. The electrochemically activated AgNPs represents an attractive Pt‐free catalyst for the H2 evolution in acidic medium.
Fabrication of highly fluorescent graphene quantum dots for quantification of As3+ ion using modified cellulose paper
Authors: Bhamore Jigna R. , Park Jinsoo , Kailasa Suresh Kumar , Park Tae Jung 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEasy, economical, and swift detecting tools are very demanded for assaying various chemical species. The introduction of label‐free paper‐based read‐out devices has significantly reached the demand of analytical science for target analytes assays. Herein, a facile, and disposable inexpensive paper‐based sensing tool was fabricated for sensing As3+ ion using graphene quantum dots (GQDs) as a fluorescent reader. The CA‐GQDs were synthesized using citric acid (CA) as a precursor via the pyrolysis method, further physisorbed on the cellulose substrate for sensing of As3+ via aggregation‐based fluorescence “turn‐off” mechanism. The linear range for quantitating As3+ ion is in the range of 0.05–50 μM with a detection limit of 10 nM. The practical application of the CA‐GQDs‐based analytical platform was verified by assaying As3+ ion in water samples. The CA‐GQDs‐embedded paper strip can be easily extended for assaying of As3+ ion, which meets the demand for monitoring of As3+ ion in real samples.
The interplay between persistent pathogen infections with tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy in cancer
Authors: Chen Si , Yao Caihong , Tian Na , Zhang Chunying , Chen Yuemei , Wang Xuting , Jiang Yue , Zhang Tonghao , Zeng Tingting , Song Yali 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundChronic infections by pathogenic microorganisms play a significant role in cancer development, disrupting the body's immune system and microenvironment. This interference impairs the body's ability to eliminate these microorganisms promptly, allowing them to persist by evading immune defenses.AimsThis study aimed to explore how chronic pathogenic infections influence the immune microenvironment, impacting tumorigenesis, cancer progression, and treatment strategies. Additionally, it seeks to investigate the effects of these infections on specific immune checkpoints and identify potential targets for immunotherapy.MethodsWe conducted searches, readings, and detailed analyses of key terms in databases like PubMed and Web of Science to evaluate the impact of chronic infections by pathogenic microorganisms on the immune microenvironment.ResultsOur analysis demonstrates a significant association between persistent chronic infections by pathogenic microorganisms and tumorigenesis. Notable impacts on the immune microenvironment include changes in immune cell function and the regulation of immune checkpoints, offering insights into potential targets for cancer immunotherapy.DiscussionThis study highlights the complex relationship between chronic infections and cancer development, presenting new opportunities for cancer immunotherapy by understanding their effects on the immune microenvironment. The influence of these infections on immune checkpoints emphasizes the crucial role of the immune system in cancer treatment.ConclusionChronic infections by pathogenic microorganisms greatly affect the immune microenvironment, tumorigenesis, and cancer treatment. Unraveling the underlying mechanisms can unveil potential targets for immunotherapy, improving our comprehension of the immune response to cancer and potentially leading to more effective cancer treatments in the future.
Human TCR repertoire in cancer
Authors: Chen Lin , Hu Yuan , Zheng Bohao , Luo Limei , Su Zhenzhen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundT cells, the “superstar” of the immune system, play a crucial role in antitumor immunity. T‐cell receptors (TCR) are crucial molecules that enable T cells to identify antigens and start immunological responses. The body has evolved a unique method for rearrangement, resulting in a vast diversity of TCR repertoires. A healthy TCR repertoire is essential for the particular identification of antigens by T cells.MethodsIn this article, we systematically summarized the TCR creation mechanisms and analysis methodologies, particularly focusing on the application of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) technology. We explore the TCR repertoire in health and cancer, and discuss the implications of TCR repertoire analysis in understanding carcinogenesis, cancer progression, and treatment.ResultsThe TCR repertoire analysis has enormous potential for monitoring the emergence and progression of malignancies, as well as assessing therapy response and prognosis. The application of NGS has dramatically accelerated our comprehension of TCR diversity and its role in cancer immunity.ConclusionsTo substantiate the significance of TCR repertoires as biomarkers, more thorough and exhaustive research should be conducted. The TCR repertoire analysis, enabled by advanced sequencing technologies, is poised to become a crucial tool in the future of cancer diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy evaluation.
Metal–Organic Frameworks in Antibacterial Disinfection: A Review
Authors: Arunkumar Thanmaya , Castelino Elroy , Lakshmi Thillai , Mulky Lavanya , Selvanathan Shanmuga Priya , Tahir Muhammad 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe fast spread of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria has prompted scientists to investigate alternate techniques to tackle infectious illnesses. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have appeared as a favorable route for creating novel antibacterial agents in this area. This article seeks to provide a concise review of MOFs as a prospective candidate in the fight against bacterial contamination and the mechanism involved in disinfection. The structural features of MOFs that contribute to their antibacterial activity are reviewed. Also, it comparatively analyzes the various commonly used MOFs in antibacterial applications in facemasks and discusses the challenges and future recommendations to increase the efficiency of the antibacterial activity. It also briefs down the mechanism, commonly available MOFs and the scope of the MOFs in antibacterial applications.
Sequence‐Dependent Acylation of Peptide Lysine Residues by DNAzymes
Authors: Das Prakriti K. , Silverman Scott K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMethods for modifying intact peptides are useful but can be unselective with regard to amino acid position and sequence context. In this work, we used in vitro selection to identify DNAzymes that acylate a Lys residue of a short peptide in sequence‐dependent fashion. The DNAzymes do not acylate Lys when placed at other residues in the peptide, and the acylation activity depends on the Lys sequence context. A high acylation yield is observed on the preparative nanomole scale. These findings are promising for further development of DNAzymes for broader application to top‐down Lys acylation of peptide and protein substrates.
[Rh2(phesp)2]: a Bulkier [Rh2(esp)2] Analog to Tune the Site‐Selectivity in Carbene C─H Insertion Reactions
Authors: Ruzhylo Illia , Vorozhbian Anna , Vincendeau Sandrine , Saget Tanguy , Mallet‐Ladeira Sonia , Dauban Philippe , Manoury Eric , Labande Agnès 
Published: September 2024

Abstract[Rh2(phesp)2], a new dirhodium(II) complex bearing a bulky bidentate bis‐carboxylate ligand, has been prepared in two steps from commercially available compounds. Its X‐ray structure revealed distinctive features with a strong distortion around the dirhodium(II) core, illustrated by important torsion angles of up to 9.0°. It has been evaluated as catalyst as a bulky version of the prominent [Rh2(esp)2] complex in carbene C─H insertion reactions. [Rh2(phesp)2] proved as active as [Rh2(esp)2], and showed an intermediate selectivity between [Rh2(esp)2] and bulky [Rh2(tpa)4] in both intra‐ and intermolecular reactions with donor‐acceptor and acceptor‐acceptor diazo compounds, comprising challenging C(sp3)─H insertion into pentane.