bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The information filter: how dentists use diet diary information to give patients clear and simple advice
Authors: Arheiam Arheiam , Brown Stephen L. , Higham Susan M. , Albadri Sondos , Harris Rebecca V. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectivesDiet diaries are recommended for dentists to monitor children's sugar consumption. Diaries provide multifaceted dietary information, but patients respond better to simpler advice. We explore how dentists integrate information from diet diaries to deliver useable advice to patients.MethodsAs part of a questionnaire study of general dental practitioners (GDPs) in Northwest England, we asked dentists to specify the advice they would give a hypothetical patient based upon a diet diary case vignette. A sequential mixed method approach was used for data analysis: an initial inductive content analysis (ICA) to develop coding system to capture the complexity of dietary assessment and delivered advice. Using these codes, a quantitative analysis was conducted to examine correspondences between identified dietary problems and advice given. From these correspondences, we inferred how dentists reduced problems to give simple advice.ResultsA total of 229 dentists' responses were analysed. ICA on 40 questionnaires identified two distinctive approaches of developing diet advice: a summative (summary of issues into an all‐encompassing message) and a selective approach (selection of a main message approach). In the quantitative analysis of all responses, raw frequencies indicated that dentists saw more problems than they advised on and provided highly specific advice on a restricted number of problems (e.g. not eating sugars before bedtime 50.7% or harmful items 42.4%, rather than simply reducing the amount of sugar 9.2%). Binary logistic regression models indicate that dentists provided specific advice that was tailored to the key problems that they identified.ConclusionDentists provided specific recommendations to address what they felt were key problems, whilst not intervening to address other problems that they may have felt less pressing.
Exploring the Effects of the Privacy‐Handling Management Styles of Social Networking Sites on User Satisfaction: A Conflict Management Perspective
Authors: Zhang Jie , Li Han , (Robert) Luo Xin , Warkentin Merrill 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThe issue of consumer information privacy, arguably the most substantial and persistent problem confronting e‐commerce companies in general and online social networking service providers in particular, often results in unsatisfied customers. Researchers have investigated privacy from various perspectives and in a multitude of settings, yet there have been few attempts to understand privacy versus satisfaction, particularly from the perspective of conflict management. Because users’ privacy can be negatively affected by social networking sites (SNSs), this study focuses on the privacy conflicts between SNSs and their users. Drawing on conflict management theory, this article investigates the effects of different conflict management styles exhibited by an SNS on users’ satisfaction with its privacy practices, which then affects their intention to disclose personal information. The SNS examined in this study is Facebook, the most popular SNS with the largest number of users. Data were collected using an online survey and were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results suggest that the two cooperative conflict management styles demonstrated by the SNS—accommodating and problem‐solving—positively affect users’ satisfaction with the privacy practices of the SNS both directly and indirectly through perceived privacy risk control. With regard to uncooperative styles, an avoiding style negatively affects user satisfaction directly, whereas an asserting style negatively affects user satisfaction indirectly through perceived privacy risk. The results also support that satisfaction is positively related to intention; users who are satisfied with the privacy practices of SNSs are more willing to disclose personal information than unsatisfied ones.
Normal myocardial strain values using 2D speckle tracking echocardiography in healthy adults aged 20 to 72 years
Authors: Menting Myrthe E. , McGhie Jackie S. , Koopman Laurens P. , Vletter Wim B. , Helbing Willem A. , van den Bosch Annemien E. , Roos‐Hesselink Jolien W. 
Published: August 2016

AimsEvaluation of left ventricular (LV) myocardial deformation by speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is useful for clinical and research purposes. However, strain measurements depend on the used software. Normative data for QLAB 10 (Philips) are scarce. Additionally, little is known about the influence of anthropometric factors. We aimed to establish normal adult STE‐derived strain and strain rate values and to evaluate associations with anthropometrics.MethodsOne hundred fifty‐five healthy subjects aged 20 to 72 years (≥28 subjects per decile) were prospectively gathered and examined with electrocardiography and two‐dimensional echocardiography. With STE, we assessed peak systolic LV global longitudinal strain (GLS), segmental longitudinal strain, and strain rate from the three standard apical views.ResultsWe included 147 healthy subjects (age 44.6±13.7 years, 50% female, GLS −20.8±2.0%). Men had significantly lower GLS than women (−20.1±1.8% vs −21.5±2.0%, P<.001). GLS was significantly lower in subjects with age above 55 years (P=.029), higher blood pressure (P<.001), higher body surface area (BSA, P<.001), larger LV end‐systolic and end‐diastolic volumes (both P<.001), lower LV ejection fraction (P<.001), and some indices of diastolic function. After multivariable regression analysis, the correlation with systolic blood pressure, E‐wave, and LV end‐systolic volume remained significant. The systolic strain rates of most segments correlated with BSA.ConclusionsOur study resulted in normative LV GLS values assessed with QLAB 10. Male sex, higher BSA, and higher blood pressure negatively influence GLS. Therefore, these factors should be taken into account for strain interpretation in clinical practice.
Seizure‐related modulation of systemic arterial blood pressure in focal epilepsy
Authors: Hampel Kevin G. , Jahanbekam Amirhossein , Elger Christian E. , Surges Rainer 
Published: August 2016

SummaryObjectiveCardiorespiratory function alterations are commonly observed with epileptic seizures and may lead to syncope and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Although most previous research has focused on controlling heart rate (HR) and respiration, little is known about seizure‐related regulation of systemic blood pressure (BP). Herein, we have investigated whether the periictal modulation of systemicBPandHRdepends on seizure characteristics.MethodsSystemic arterialBP,HR, and peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SPO2) were continuously and noninvasively monitored using the ccNexfin device in those epilepsy patients undergoing video–electroencephalography (EEG) telemetry. Data are given as mean ± standard deviation (SD).ResultsForty‐five seizures in 37 patients were included. In focal seizures (FS, n = 35), the mean arterialBP(MAP) increased by 33 ± 35% and theHRby 53 ± 44%, whereas theSPO2remained unaltered. TheMAPandHRincreases were significantly greater inFSwith alterations in consciousness than in those without. For thoseFSthat evolved to bilateral convulsive seizures (BCS, n = 10), all of the ictal recordings were compromised by artifacts. However, 2 min after seizure cessation, theMAPwas enhanced by only 16 ± 14% and returned to a baseline slightly below preictal levels after 5 min, whereas theHRwas increased by 77 ± 33% and remained elevated throughout the postictal phase.SignificancePeriictal regulation of systemicBPandHRdisplays distinct patterns depending on the type of seizure with focal onset. These changes were unrelated to alterations inSPO2. The potential clinical implications of these findings are discussed in the article.
Activity Theory in Spanish Mixed Classrooms: Exploring Corrective Feedback as an Artifact
Authors: Valentín‐Rivera Laura 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis study draws upon activity theory to better understand the implications of corrective feedback (CF) as an artifact on (1) the coconstruction of knowledge and (2) the action‐oriented decisions of 10 mixed pairs comprising a foreign language learner (FLL) and a heritage language learner (HLL) of Spanish. To this end, the dyads were divided into two experimental groups (A and B) and collaboratively completed three narrations. On their first drafts, Group A received indirect feedback (codes), while Group B's errors were amended by the instructor; both groups had to conjointly submit a second version of their stories. Participants’ interactions were transcribed and analyzed. The results suggest that indirect CF stimulated a larger number of successful scaffolding instances that promoted knowledge coconstruction and the development of various effective techniques to solve arising linguistic and nonlinguistic issues. Although the HLLs showed themselves to be grammar experts overall, the FLLs in Group A (indirect CF) contributed to resolving virtually as many lexical issues as their counterparts (e.g., HLLs) while also being somewhat involved in the resolution of grammar matters. Thus, collaboration within mixed classes may be beneficial for both linguistic populations, depending on the design of the collaborative task and its focus.
Garenoxacin pharmacokinetics in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis
Authors: Aoyama Togo , Kamata Kouju , Kishino Satoshi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIntroduction: Studies on the pharmacokinetics of the antibiotic garenoxacin (GRNX) in patients with renal insufficiency are lacking. In this study, we attempted to ascertain the appropriate dose of GRNX in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MH) based on pharmacokinetic parameters and clinical outcomes.Methods:Six male patients with infections who were undergoing MH received 200 mg GRNX once daily. Blood samples were taken before and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours after GRNX administration. Plasma GRNX concentrations were measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography.Findings: The mean maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was 3.00 ± 1.12 µg/mL, time to maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) was 3.0 ± 2.0 hours, and area under the curve for 24 hours (AUC0–24) was 40.7 ± 16.7 µg·h/mL. The half‐life (T1/2) of GRNX could not be calculated because plasma concentrations remained high 24 hours after administration. Cmax was strongly associated with the GRNX dose per kilogram body weight (r = 0.85, P = 0.03). Clinically, fever resolved within 3 days of GRNX administration and C‐reactive protein levels returned to normal 14 days after administration. One patient experienced temporary increases in serum transaminase levels.Discussion: MH patients receiving 200 mg GRNX once daily for infection showed a reduced Cmax but similar AUC0–24 compared with healthy individuals. While this study evaluated the effect of GRNX treatment, further research is needed to assess the accumulation of GRNX and the impact of continuous administration on its pharmacokinetics, as well as to prevent the development of resistant mutants.
Prevalence and prognosis of hypoglycaemia in patients receiving maintenance dialysis
Authors: Cho A. , Noh J.‐W. , Kim J. K. , Yoon J.‐W. , Koo J.‐R. , Lee H. R. , Hong E.‐G. , Lee Y. K. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundEnd‐stage renal disease is a common predisposing condition for the development of hypoglycaemia.AimTo determine the effect of hypoglycaemia on the mortality of patients undergoing maintenance dialysis.MethodsRetrospective and descriptive analyses were performed in five dialysis centres in the Republic of Korea between June 2002 and August 2008. We enrolled 1685 patients who had undergone dialysis for at least 1 month.ResultsWe identified 453 episodes of hypoglycaemia in 256 of 1685 patients (15.2%); 189 patients (73.8%) had diabetes, whereas the other patients did not. The occurrence of hypoglycaemia in patients receiving dialysis appeared to be a life‐threatening complication because 27.0% of patients died within two days of the onset of a hypoglycaemic episode. Older age, low serum albumin levels and infections were independent risk factors for total mortality in these patients. Furthermore, the absence of diabetes, age and serum glucose levels were independent factors associated with early mortality within two days of the development of hypoglycaemia.ConclusionAlthough several factors were associated with mortality, the degree of hypoglycaemia, absence of diabetes and old age were associated with early mortality. Elderly hypoglycaemic patients, especially those without diabetes, should be closely monitored.
Outside Earnings, Electoral Systems and Legislative Effort in the European Parliament
Authors: Staat Christian , Kuehnhanss Colin R. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractParliamentarians are often allowed to pursue other work in addition to their mandate. Using data on the 7th European Parliament (2009–14), we analyze the relationship between the outside earnings of its Members (MEPs) and their parliamentary activities. The supranational nature of the European Parliament thereby allows a novel analysis of ‘moonlighting’ free of country‐specific bias. We find outside earnings to be negatively correlated with the particularly work‐intensive production of draft reports and opinions. Utilizing the considerable freedom of Member States in organizing elections, we find this relationship to be dependent on the electoral system under which MEPs are elected. While the effect of the trade‐off between outside and parliamentary work is predominantly negative in all other systems, outside earnings of MEPs from centralized but candidate‐focused systems correlate positively with their productivity, indicating a possible benefit from selection effects.
Mesenchymal stromal cells: properties and role in management of cutaneous diseases
Authors: Kim K.H. , Blasco‐Morente G. , Cuende N. , Arias‐Santiago S. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis review describes the current understanding and the potential use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in cell‐based therapies for clinical management of difficult wounds and other dermatoses. MSCs have been shown to possess many advantageous properties that make them a promising therapeutic modality in dermatology still under investigation. In fact, MSCs' ability to promote wound healing through its paracrine function and pro‐angiogenic properties have generated increasing interest for treating acute and chronic wounds. There is also great interest in utilizing MSCs' immunological characteristics for therapeutic use especially for patients with debilitating systemic autoimmune and inflammatory skin conditions who have failed other therapies. Its role in aesthetics has also been explored with clinical data showing improvement of acne scars and wrinkles from photoaging. Clinical trials are underway investigating the safety and efficacy of MSCs in the treatment of different skin conditions such as acute burns, diabetic and venous stasis ulcers, epidermolysis bullosa and systemic sclerosis, among others. We anticipate that as our understanding of the characteristics and function of MSCs grow, so will its role in cell‐based treatments of dermatological conditions.
Low‐dose 5‐fluorouracil in combination with salicylic acid for the treatment of actinic keratoses on the hands and/or forearms – results of a non‐interventional study
Authors: Reinhold U. , Hadshiew I. , Melzer A. , Prechtl A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundAs an in situ carcinoma, actinic keratoses should be treated early. Previous studies on the efficacy of a low‐dose 0.5% 5‐fluorouracil solution in combination with 10% salicylic acid (low‐dose 5‐FU/SA) are mostly related to lesions appearing on the head and face. In contrast, actinic keratoses (AK) lesions of the upper extremities are considered to be difficult to treat.ObjectiveThe efficacy of low‐dose 5‐FU/SA in the treatment of actinic keratoses on the hands and/or forearms was studied for the first time in this non‐interventional study (NIS) under practical conditions in a large patient population. In addition to the clinical course during therapy and a follow‐up period, the length of application and adherence were documented.MethodsAs part of this NIS, 649 patients with AK were treated at 207 centres with low‐dose 5‐FU/SA. The data of the study were recorded at baseline, optionally during an intermediate examination, at the end of therapy and during a final assessment.ResultsThe average number of AK lesions decreased during the entire observation period by 92%. Side‐effects were documented only rarely in the form of local skin reactions (2%). The attending physicians assessed the efficacy, tolerability and safety of the therapy as being predominantly very good or good (in each case ≥90%).ConclusionAK lesions on the hands and/or forearms were effectively treated with low‐dose 5‐FU/SA under routine conditions in dermatological practice and the treatment was well tolerated.
Longitudinal associations between micronutrient consumption and leukocyte telomere length
Authors: Lee J.‐Y. , Shin C. , Baik I. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundThere are few studies on the association between nutrient intake and telomere length, which may reflect cumulative oxidative stress and indicate biological ageing. In the present study, we evaluated longitudinal associations between the consumption of micronutrients, including antioxidant nutrients and B vitamins involved in one‐carbon transfer pathways, and leukocyte telomere length (LTL).MethodsThe study included 1958 middle‐aged and older Korean men and women (age range at baseline: 40–69 years) from a population‐based cohort. We collected dietary information at baseline using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (June 2001 to January 2003) and assessed the consumption of micronutrients, including vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, B6, B9 (folate), C and E, as well as calcium, phosphorus, potassium, iron and zinc. We measured LTL using a real‐time polymerase chain reaction at the 10‐year follow‐up examination (February 2011 to November 2012).ResultsIn the multiple regression model adjusted for potential confounders, LTL was positively associated with the consumption of vitamin C (P < 0.05), folate (P = 0.05) and potassium (P = 0.05) in all participants. In the age‐stratified analysis, the association between the consumption of vitamin C (P < 0.01), folate (P < 0.05) and potassium (P < 0.05) with LTL was significant only among participants aged <50 years.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the earlier consumption of vitamin C, folate and potassium, which are abundant in fruits and vegetables, can delay biological ageing in middle‐aged and older adults.
Is population flow an unintended consequence of alcohol management plans?
Authors: Usher Kim , Woods Cindy , Lynch Paul , Pointing Shane Boris , Budden Lea , Barker Ruth , Catchpoole Jesani , Clough Alan 
Published: August 2016

Aims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to gauge whether, and to what extent, population flow occurred as a result of the implementation of alcohol management plans in Indigenous communities.BackgroundAlcohol management plans involving carriage limits and dry places were introduced into 15 Queensland Indigenous communities between 2002–2004. Controls on alcohol availability were further tightened between 2008–2010, seeing the closure of eight mainly remote community taverns/canteens.DesignA retrospective observational study was undertaken using data from the Queensland Injury Surveillance Unit.MethodsPopulation flow was measured by changing patterns of alcohol‐related injuries in a mining region near dry Indigenous communities following the introduction of alcohol management plans and a control mining region distant from Indigenous communities with alcohol management plans. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Logistic regression was used for the comparison of the characteristics between the emergency department presentations. The rates of alcohol‐related injury presentations per 1000/population were calculated and age‐standardised to the Australian population.ResultsBetween the five‐year periods 2003–2007 and 2008–2012, alcohol‐related injury presentations to the Mount Isa emergency department trebled from an age‐adjusted average annual rate of 9·5/1000 in the region's population to 27·1/1000 population. In the control region, alcohol‐related emergency department injury presentations did not increase to the same degree with age‐adjusted average annual rates of 1·42/1000 and 2·21/1000, respectively.ConclusionsThe 10‐year pattern of emergency department presentations for alcohol‐related injuries increased significantly in the Mount Isa region compared with the control region. Further research should investigate the impacts of population flow related to Indigenous community alcohol management plans.Relevance to clinical practiceAlthough initiatives such as alcohol management plans have been implemented to reduce alcohol use and related consequences in Indigenous communities, there needs to be a greater consideration of the impact of these policies in nearby towns in the future.
Sodium in feline nutrition
Authors: Nguyen P. , Reynolds B. , Zentek J. , Paßlack N. , Leray V. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryHigh sodium levels in cat food have been controversial for a long time. Nonetheless, high sodium levels are used to enhance water intake and urine volume, with the main objective of reducing the risk of urolithiasis. This article is a review of current evidence of the putative risks and benefits of high dietary sodium levels. Its secondary aim is to report a possible safe upper limit (SUL) for sodium intake. The first part of the manuscript is dedicated to sodium physiology, with a focus on the mechanisms of sodium homeostasis. In this respect, there is only few information regarding possible interactions with other minerals. Next, the authors address how sodium intake affects sodium balance; knowledge of these effects is critical to establish recommendations for sodium feed content. The authors then review the consequences of changes in sodium intake on feline health, including urolithiasis, blood pressure changes, cardiovascular alterations and kidney disease. According to recent, long‐term studies, there is no evidence of any deleterious effect of dietary sodium levels as high as 740 mg/MJ metabolizable energy, which can therefore be considered the SUL based on current knowledge.