bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of vitamin D receptors in alopecia areata and androgenetic alopecia
Authors: Fawzi Marwa M T , Mahmoud Sara Bahaa , Ahmed Shereen Fathi , Shaker Olfat Gamil 
Published: May 2016

SummaryBackgroundAlopecia areata (AA) is a frequent autoimmune disease, the pathogenesis of which is still unknown. Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a noncicatricial type of patterned hair loss. Expression of vitamin D receptors (VDRs) on keratinocytes is essential for maintenance of normal hair cycle, especially anagen initiation.ObjectiveTo assess VDRs in the skin and blood of AA and AGA patients, in order to evaluate their possible role in these hair diseases.MethodsThis study recruited 20 patients with AA, 20 patients with AGA, and 20 healthy controls. Blood samples and lesional scalp biopsies were taken from all participants for detection of VDR levels.ResultsSerum and tissue VDR levels were lower in AA as well as AGA patients when compared to controls (P = 0.000). Serum and tissue VDR were positively correlated in each group. Tissue VDR was significantly lower in female patients with AA than males (P = 0.046) although serum and tissue VDR levels were significantly higher in female AGA patients than males (P = 0.004).ConclusionThis study suggests an important role for VDR in the pathogenesis of AA and AGA through documenting lower serum and tissue VDR levels in AA and AGA patients in comparison with controls.
POLLUTION MOBILITY, PRODUCTIVITY DISPARITY, AND THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF POLLUTING AND NONPOLLUTING FIRMS
Authors: Wu JunJie , Reimer Jeffrey J. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper first develops a model to characterize the equilibrium distribution of polluting and nonpolluting firms and then turns to the larger question of whether the equilibrium distribution is socially optimal. We find that the equilibrium distribution of polluting firms differs from the social optimum when they generate a large amount of stationary pollution and have much higher or lower productivity than clean firms. In these cases, conventional pollution control approaches generally do not bring about an optimal distribution. Consideration of transport costs along with productivity and pollution changes some of the classic results of the new economic geography literature.
Confucian Role Ethics: A Critical Survey
Authors: Ramsey John 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis article surveys recent scholarship on Confucian role ethics, examines some of its fundamental commitments, and suggests future directions for scholarship. Role ethics interprets early Confucianism as promoting a relational conception of persons and employs this conception to emphasize how a person's roles and relationships are the source of her ethical obligations and ethical growth. While there is much consensus among role ethic scholars, they disagree over the role of theory in further explicating the view and about the metaphysical basis of relational persons. Strong and moderate versions of role ethics emerge, and the article explores the strengths and weaknesses of both.
SEARCHING FOR ANOTHER EARTH: THE RECENT HISTORY OF THE DISCOVERY OF EXOPLANETS
Authors: Wilkinson David 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe discovery of exoplanets is a small part of the array of scientific arguments for and against the existence of extraterrestrial intelligence. Yet the recent stunning achievement of this program of observational astronomy has had a significant effect on scientific opinion and public interest. It also raises some key theological questions. New observing techniques are leading to the discovery of extrasolar planets daily. Earth‐like planets outside of our Solar System can now be identified and in future years explored for signs of life. This article maps the history of these discoveries and highlights some of the theological issues which are important to bring into dialogue with these scientific insights.
DESIGNING CONFUCIAN CONSCIENCE INTO SOCIAL NETWORKS
Authors: Wang Tom 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSeveral scholars have argued that Internet use might be fundamentally incompatible with Confucian ethics, because the values that are embedded in the Internet might be in conflict with Confucian values. In addition, the design of various social network services (SNS) considers very little of non‐Western values in its engineering. Against this background, this article explores the philosophical question of whether Internet use, particularly social network services, is compatible with the fundamental values and norms of Confucian ethics. In addition, the article discusses the Confucian notion of tian xia (under heaven), and argues that tian xia, as a basic structuring principle of Confucian philosophy, helps to innovate a different social media.
Technical Note: Impact of cell repopulation and radionuclide uptake phase on cell survival
Authors: Šefl Martin , Kyriakou Ioanna , Emfietzoglou Dimitris 
Published: May 2016

Purpose:To study theoretically the impact on cell survival of the radionuclide uptake rate inside tumor cells for a single administration of a radiopharmaceutical.Methods:The instantaneous‐uptake model of O'Donoghue [“The impact of tumor cell proliferation in radioimmunotherapy,” Cancer 73, 974–980 (1994)] for a proliferating cell population irradiated by an exponentially decreasing dose‐rate is here extended to allow for the monoexponential uptake of the radiopharmaceutical by the targeted cells. The time derivative of the survival curve is studied in detail deducing an expression for the minimum of the surviving fraction and the biologically effective dose (BED).Results:Surviving fractions are calculated over a parameter range that is clinically relevant and broad enough to establish general trends. Specifically, results are presented for the therapy radionuclides Y‐90, I‐131, and P‐32, assuming uptake half‐times 1–24 h, extrapolated initial dose‐rates 0.5–1 Gy h−1, and a biological clearance half‐life of seven days. Representative radiobiological parameters for radiosensitive and rapidly proliferating tumor cells are used, with cell doubling time equal to 2 days and α‐coefficient equal to 0.3 and 0.5 Gy−1. It is shown that neglecting the uptake phase of the radiopharmaceutical (i.e., assuming instantaneous‐uptake) results in a sizeable over‐estimation of cell‐kill (i.e., under‐estimation of cell survival) even for uptake half‐times of only a few hours. The differences between the exponential‐uptake model and the instantaneous‐uptake model become larger for high peak dose‐rates, slow uptakes, and (slightly) for long‐lived radionuclides. Moreover, the sensitivity of the survival curve on the uptake model was found to be higher for the tumor cells with the larger α‐coefficient.Conclusions:The exponential‐uptake rate of the radiopharmaceutical inside targeted cells appears to have a considerable effect on the survival of a proliferating cell population and might need to be considered in radiobiological models of tumor cell‐kill in radionuclide therapy.
Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus clausii AKU0647, a Strain That Produces Endo-β-
N
-Acetylglucosaminidase A
Authors: Higuchi Yujiro , Mori Kazuki , Suyama Akiko , Huang Yibo , Tashiro Kosuke , Kuhara Satoru , Takegawa Kaoru 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

To comprehensively identify glycosyl hydrolase genes in the genome of
Bacillus clausii
strain AKU0647, which produces endo-β-
N
-acetylglucosaminidase A (Endo-A), we conducted whole-genome shotgun sequencing. We identified several other putative glycosyl hydrolase genes apart from the Endo-A gene, and report these findings here.
Draft Genome Sequences of Three Multiantibiotic-Resistant Campylobacter jejuni Strains (2865, 2868, and 2871) Isolated from Poultry at Retail Outlets in Malaysia
Authors: Teh Amy Huei Teen , Lee Sui Mae , Dykes Gary A. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Campylobacter jejuni
is a frequent cause of human bacterial gastrointestinal foodborne disease worldwide. Antibiotic resistance in this species is of public health concern. The draft genome sequences of three multiantibiotic-resistant
C. jejuni
strains (2865, 2868, and 2871) isolated from poultry at retail outlets in Malaysia are presented here.
Three Genome Sequences of Legionella pneumophila subsp.
pascullei
Associated with Colonization of a Health Care Facility
Authors: Kozak-Muiznieks Natalia A. , Morrison Shatavia S. , Sammons Scott , Rowe Lori A. , Sheth Mili , Frace Michael , Lucas Claressa E. , Loparev Vladimir N. , Raphael Brian H. , Winchell Jonas M. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the complete genome sequences of three
Legionella pneumophila
subsp.
pascullei
strains (including both serogroup 1 and 5 strains) that were found in the same health care facility in 1982 and 2012.
Children's missed healthcare appointments: professional and organisational responses
Authors: Appleton Jane , Powell Catherine , Coombes Lindsey 
Published: May 2016

AimThis National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC) funded UK study sought to examine organisational and professional responses to children's missed healthcare appointments.Design/methodsThe study comprised two parts: phase I was a web-based scoping and systematic analysis of UK National Health Service healthcare organisations' internal policies on missed appointments. Phase II involved a case study of how missed appointments were managed within one hospital trust, including interviews with hospital-based staff, review of organisational data and examination of policies and ‘systems’ in place.ResultsPolicies accessed were of variable quality when benchmarked against a predetermined set of evidence-based standards. Additional material (eg, board minutes) gleaned through the searches found an apparent disconnect between nationally determined safeguarding requirements and strategies to reduce the cost pressures arising from missed appointments. Findings from the case study included the continuing use of the adult-centric term ‘did not attend’ (DNA), the challenges that may be inherent in attending appointments (with concomitant sympathy for parents) and a need to further explore general practitioner responses to DNA notifications, particularly given the acknowledged association between missed appointments and child maltreatment.ConclusionsThe web-based scoping exercise yielded a small number of organisational policies. These were of variable quality when rated against predetermined standards. Other material gathered through the search strategy found evidence that ‘missed appointment’ strategies aimed at reducing costs did not always acknowledge the discrete needs of children. The case study findings contribute to an understanding of the complexities and challenges of responding to a missed appointment and the importance of taking a child-centred approach.
Thinking dimensional: prevalence of DSM-5 early adolescent full syndrome, partial and subthreshold eating disorders in a cross-sectional survey in German schools
Authors: Hammerle Florian , Huss Michael , Ernst Verena , Bürger Arne 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesInvestigating for the first time in Germany Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Fifth Edition (DSM-5) prevalences of adolescent full syndrome, Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder (OSFED), partial and subthreshold anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED).MethodA national school-based cross-sectional survey with nine schools in Germany was undertaken that was aimed at students from grades 7 and 8. Of the 1775 students who were contacted to participate in the study, 1654 participated (participation rate: 93.2%). The sample consisted of 873 female and 781 male adolescents (mean age=13.4 years). Prevalence rates were established using direct symptom criteria with a structured inventory (SIAB-S) and an additional self-report questionnaire (Eating Disorder Inventory 2 (EDI-2)).ResultsPrevalences for full syndrome were 0.3% for AN, 0.4% for BN, 0.5% for BED and 3.6% for OSFED-atypical AN, 0% for BN (low frequency/limited duration), 0% for BED (low frequency/limited duration) and 1.9% for purging disorder (PD). Prevalences of partial syndrome were 10.9% for AN (7.1% established with cognitive symptoms only, excluding weight criteria), 0.2% for BN and 2.1% for BED, and of subthreshold syndrome were 0.8% for AN, 0.3% for BN and 0.2% for BED. Cases on EDI-2 scales were much more pronounced with 12.6–21.1% of the participants with significant sex differences.ConclusionsThe findings were in accordance with corresponding international studies but were in contrast to other German studies showing much higher prevalence rates. The study provides, for the first time, estimates for DSM-5 prevalences of eating disorders in adolescents for Germany, and evidence in favour of using valid measures for improving prevalence estimates.Trial registration numberDRKS00005050; Results.
Does time off work after injury vary by jurisdiction? A comparative study of eight Australian workers' compensation systems
Authors: Collie Alex , Lane Tyler J , Hassani-Mahmooei Behrooz , Thompson Jason , McLeod Chris 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesTo determine whether the jurisdiction in which a work-related injury compensation claim is made is an independent predictor of duration of time off work following work injury, and if so, the magnitude of the effect.SettingEight Australian state and territory workers' compensation systems, providing coverage for more than 90% of the Australian labour force. Administrative claims data from these systems were provided by government regulatory authorities for the study.Participants95 976 Australian workers with workers' compensation claims accepted in 2010 and with at least 2 weeks of compensated time off work.Primary outcome measureDuration of time lost from work in weeks, censored at 104 weeks.ResultsAfter controlling for demographic, worker, injury and employer factors in a Cox regression model, significant differences in duration of time loss between state and territory of claim were observed. Compared with New South Wales, workers in Victoria, South Australia and Comcare had significantly longer durations of time off work and were more likely to be receiving income benefits at 104 weeks postinjury, while workers in Tasmania and Queensland had significantly shorter durations of time off work.ConclusionsThe jurisdiction in which an injured worker makes a compensation claim has a significant and independent impact on duration of time loss. Further research is necessary to identify specific compensation system policies and practices that promote timely and appropriate return to work and reduce duration of time off work.
Impact of e-alert for detection of acute kidney injury on processes of care and outcomes: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lachance Philippe , Villeneuve Pierre-Marc , Wilson Francis P , Selby Nicholas M , Featherstone Robin , Rewa Oleksa , Bagshaw Sean M 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in hospitalised patients. It imposes significant risk for major morbidity and mortality. Moreover, patients suffering an episode of AKI consume considerable health resources. Recently, a number of studies have evaluated the implementation of automated electronic alerts (e-alerts) configured from electronic medical records (EMR) and clinical information systems (CIS) to warn healthcare providers of early or impending AKI in hospitalised patients. The impact of e-alerts on care processes, patient outcomes and health resource use, however, remains uncertain.Methods and analysisWe will perform a systematic review to describe and appraise e-alerts for AKI, and evaluate their impact on processes of care, clinical outcomes and health services use. In consultation with a research librarian, a search strategy will be developed and electronic databases (ie, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and Inspec via Engineering Village) searched. Selected grey literature sources will also be searched. Search themes will focus on e-alerts and AKI. Citation screening, selection, quality assessment and data abstraction will be performed in duplicate. The primary analysis will be narrative; however, where feasible, pooled analysis will be performed. Each e-alert will be described according to trigger, type of alert, target recipient and degree of intrusiveness. Pooled effect estimates will be described, where applicable.Ethics and disseminationOur systematic review will synthesise the literature on the value of e-alerts to detect AKI, and their impact on processes, patient-centred outcomes and resource use, and also identify key knowledge gaps and barriers to implementation. This is a fundamental step in a broader research programme aimed to understand the ideal structure of e-alerts, target population and methods for implementation, to derive benefit. Research ethics approval is not required for this review.Systematic review registration numberCRD42016033033.
ENERGY ABSORPTION IN A LOAD–UNLOAD CYCLE OF KNEE IMPLANT USING FRACTAL MODEL OF ROUGH SURFACES
Authors: HODAEI MOHAMMAD , FARHANG KAMBIZ 
Published: May 2016

Roughness measurement of knee implant surfaces is investigated. The study of roughness measurement show that the topography of knee implant surface is multi-scale and surface spectra follows a power law behavior. A magnification of rough surface topography implies that there is no difference between original and magnified profile of implant surface. For implant surface, statistical parameters such as variance of height, curvature, and slope are found to be scale-dependent. Fractal representation of implant surface shows that the size-distribution of the multi-scale contacts spots follows a power law and is characterized by the fractal dimension of implant surface. Fractal surface description of the rough surfaces of knee implant is used to obtain force–displacement relationship of the contact force. Using an approximate function through the fusion of two piecewise functions, energy absorption of a knee implant in a single cycle of load–unload is obtained.
Progressive Cortical Neuronal Damage and Chronic Hemodynamic Impairment in Atherosclerotic Major Cerebral Artery Disease
Authors: Yamauchi Hiroshi , Kagawa Shinya , Kishibe Yoshihiko , Takahashi Masaaki , Higashi Tatsuya 
Published: May 2016

Background and Purpose—
Cross-sectional studies suggest that chronic hemodynamic impairment may cause selective cortical neuronal damage in patients with atherosclerotic internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery occlusive disease. The purpose of this longitudinal study was to determine whether the progression of cortical neuronal damage, evaluated as a decrease in central benzodiazepine receptors (BZRs), is associated with hemodynamic impairment at baseline or hemodynamic deterioration during follow-up.

Methods—

We evaluated the distribution of BZRs twice using positron emission tomography and
11
C-flumazenil over time in 80 medically treated patients with atherosclerotic internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery occlusive disease that had no ischemic episodes during follow-up. Using 3D stereotactic surface projections, we quantified abnormal decreases in the BZRs in the cerebral cortex within the middle cerebral artery distribution and correlated changes in the BZR index with the mean hemispheric values of hemodynamic parameters obtained from
15
O gas positron emission tomography.

Results—
In the hemisphere affected by arterial disease, the BZR index in 40 patients (50%) was increased during follow-up (mean 26±20 months). In multivariable logistic regression analyses, increases in the BZR index were associated with the decreased cerebral blood flow at baseline and an increased oxygen extraction fraction during follow-up. Increases in the oxygen extraction fraction during follow-up were associated with a lack of statin use.

Conclusions—
In patients with atherosclerotic internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery disease, the progression of cortical neuronal damage was associated with hemodynamic impairment at baseline and hemodynamic deterioration during follow-up. Statin use may be beneficial against hemodynamic deterioration and therefore neuroprotective.
Echoing Plaque Activity of the Coronary and Intracranial Arteries in Patients With Stroke
Authors: Chung Jong-Won , Bang Oh Young , Lee Mi Ji , Hwang Jaechun , Cha Jihoon , Choi Jin-Ho , Choe Yeon Hyeon 
Published: May 2016

Background and Purpose—
Atherosclerosis is a systemic disease, and both coronary and intracranial atherosclerosis are common in the elderly. Unlike coronary artery disease (CAD), intracranial atherosclerotic disease can cause intracranial atherosclerotic stroke by branch occlusive disease (B-type) and coronary-type rupture of plaque (C-type). We hypothesized that plaque characteristics of intracranial arteries are associated with those of coronary arteries.

Methods—
Eighty-one patients with acute cerebral infarcts caused by intracranial atherosclerotic disease without history of CAD were analyzed. Asymptomatic CAD burden (number and degree of stenosis) and plaque characteristics (calcified, mixed, and noncalcified) were measured with multidetector computed tomography, whereas the asymptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic disease burden was measured using magnetic resonance angiography. The symptomatic intracranial artery was analyzed using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging for vascular morphology (stenosis degree, remodeling index, and wall index) and plaque activation (enhancement pattern and volume).

Results—

The asymptomatic CAD burden was correlated with the asymptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic disease burden. The overall CAD burden did not differ between B- and C-type intracranial atherosclerotic stroke. However, the prevalence of noncalcified coronary plaque was much higher in C-type intracranial atherosclerotic stroke and the presence of coronary noncalcified plaque was independently associated with C-type intracranial atherosclerotic stroke (odds ratio, 3.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–10.85;
P
=0.041). As the number of coronary noncalcified plaques increased, positive remodeling and plaque enhancement increased in the symptomatic intracranial artery on high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging.

Conclusions—
Plaques within the intracranial and coronary arteries behave in similar ways. Our results suggest the need to evaluate and treat other vascular trees in patients with vulnerable plaques within a single arterial system.
Probability-Weighted Ensembles of U.S. County-Level Climate Projections for Climate Risk Analysis
Authors: Rasmussen D. J. , Meinshausen Malte , Kopp Robert E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractQuantitative assessment of climate change risk requires a method for constructing probabilistic time series of changes in physical climate parameters. Here, two such methods, surrogate/model mixed ensemble (SMME) and Monte Carlo pattern/residual (MCPR), are developed and then are applied to construct joint probability density functions (PDFs) of temperature and precipitation change over the twenty-first century for every county in the United States. Both methods produce likely (67% probability) temperature and precipitation projections that are consistent with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s interpretation of an equal-weighted Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) ensemble but also provide full PDFs that include tail estimates. For example, both methods indicate that, under “Representative Concentration Pathway” 8.5, there is a 5% chance that the contiguous United States could warm by at least 8°C between 1981–2010 and 2080–99. Variance decomposition of SMME and MCPR projections indicates that background variability dominates uncertainty in the early twenty-first century whereas forcing-driven changes emerge in the second half of the twenty-first century. By separating CMIP5 projections into unforced and forced components using linear regression, these methods generate estimates of unforced variability from existing CMIP5 projections without requiring the computationally expensive use of multiple realizations of a single GCM.