bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Retrospective Study of Pattern of Abnormal Findings in Routine Screening Investigations Done of Psychiatry Inpatients in Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Authors: Patel Disha R , Desai Nimisha D , Shah Sandip H 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Physical comorbidity in persons with mental illness is a rule rather than exception. Hence, regular screening investigations in psychiatry inpatients help to detect physical illness at early stage.

Aims and Objectives:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of various screening investigations, referral patterns, and physical comorbidities in psychiatric inpatient records.

Methodology:
This was a descriptive, analytical, record-based study conducted in the psychiatry department of a tertiary care teaching hospital, wherein case notes of all inpatients admitted to the psychiatry unit during 6 months (January–June 2023) were studied. Inpatient records were evaluated for sociodemographic details, indication for admission, investigations as needed, any physical comorbidity, treatment history, referral patterns, and their outcomes. Records with incomplete details and known physical illnesses mentioned were excluded.

Results:
Total 100 patients’ records (63 males; mean age = 35 years, 37 females; mean age = 41 years) were included in the study. The common diagnosis was mood disorder 36% (n = 36), followed by substance use disorder 30% (n = 30) and schizophrenia 22% (n = 22). On evaluating investigations, abnormalities found were anemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and thyroid disease (42% [n = 42/100], 24% [n = 24/100], 22% [n = 22/100], and 22% [n = 22/100], respectively). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain changes were seen in 75% of patients with acute behavior disturbances (n = 4) and MRI spine changes in all major depressive disorder patients presented with backache (n = 4). Ultrasonography abdomen findings were abnormal in 68% (n = 26/38), of which 80% (n = 21/26) had substance use disorder. For the management of abnormal findings, the referral consultation rate was 76% (n = 76/100); 86% (n = 66/76) of patients required more than one consultation with total 154 referrals.

Conclusions:
The investigations as indicated help in early detection and management of physical illness which mostly remains out of sight due to psychiatry illness.
Restarting Neuroleptics in Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome – A Case Series
Authors: Rao Aishwarya , Sreedaran Priya 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare but life-threatening side effect of antipsychotic agents. Although the incidence of NMS is rare, it is essential to recognize it at an early stage and take the necessary precautions to prevent mortality and morbidity. Along with the treatment of NMS, the challenge is to treat the concomitant psychiatric symptoms, which become difficult to manage. There are no fixed guidelines or any data available regarding restarting of neuroleptics in a patient who has recovered from NMS. This case series is a set of three cases that reviews the differences in sociodemographic data, clinical presentation, management, and trial of rechallenge of psychotropics in patients with symptoms suggestive of NMS in a tertiary care hospital.
Study of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Use of Masks among Health-care Workers at a Tertiary Care Center in Mumbai
Authors: Kadamba Sharan Sadashiva , Suryavanshi Kalpana Tikaram , Bhatia Khushi P. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Airborne transmission of infectious diseases poses a significant public health challenge. Nosocomial outbreaks of airborne infections such as influenza H1N1, H5N1, and drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) variants have been documented, with substantial morbidity and mortality attributed to inadequate airborne infection control strategies. N-95 respirators and surgical masks (face masks) are the examples of personal protective equipment that are used to protect the wearer from airborne particles and liquid contamination of the face.

Aim and Objectives:
The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, practices, and attitude of health-care workers (HCWs) regarding the use of mask, especially N-95 mask.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective, was conducted over a period of 6 months at a tertiary care hospital. This study was carried out in the department of microbiology of a tertiary care hospital over a period of 6 months. A total of 500 HCWs from various departments of the hospital were included in the study. HCWs were given a questionnaire based on N-95 respirator usage, and participation was voluntary.

Results:
The analysis of survey data provides insightful perspectives on respondents’ comprehension and attitudes toward airborne infection transmission and the usage of N-95 masks. 68.6% of respondents recognized that all listed diseases (measles, TB, and chickenpox) were spread by the airborne route. 55.6% of respondents correctly acknowledged that all masks, including surgical masks, N-95 masks, and cotton masks, do not offer airborne protection. 76.0% of respondents acknowledged that N-95 masks possess a high filtration efficiency against 0.3-micron particles, 58.3% correctly identified that “N” in N-95 stands for “not resistant to oil,” and 90.8% acknowledged that the N-95 respirator as the most common type of respirators. 41.7% correctly acknowledged that N-95 masks with an exhalation valve are not recommended for use. 22.2% of respondents incorrectly believe that wearing a face mask can lead to carbon dioxide poisoning, and 52.1% of respondents correctly identified that pulmonary TB patients need not be provided with N-95 masks in isolation rooms. 76.8% of respondents understood that fit testing is required every time one dons an N-95 mask. 95.5% of respondents recognized the necessity of hand hygiene before donning and after doffing N-95 masks. 82.7% of respondents agreed regarding the necessity for consultation before N-95 mask usage for chronic lung disease and asthma patients. 93.7% are aware that there is a protocol for donning and doffing N-95 masks. 71.3% of respondents understood that extended use involves wearing the same N-95 respirator for repeated close contact encounters without removing the mask between patient encounters, while 64.4% correctly define reuse as using the same N-95 respirator for multiple encounters but removing it after each encounter.
Study of the DNA Extraction from the Nail by Spin Column-based Nucleic Acid Purification
Authors: Sujirachato Kanchana , Wongyanin Piya , Ramadjai Pilaiwan , Ladsuk Alisa , Pokkasap Kingkan , Worasuwannarak Wisarn 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Nails are one of the objects that are more durable than other witness objects. This study was interested in whether the Spin column-based nucleic acid purification technique could extract DNA from nails to give satisfactory results.

Aims and Objectives:
This study aimed to evaluate the yield and quality of DNA extracted from the nail.

Materials and Methods:
Nail samples from 15 males and 15 females over 18 were extracted using GeneAll® Exgene™ Cell SV Mini Kit. The DNA concentration and purity were measured using a NanoDrop Spectrophotometer, and the quality of DNA was assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers specific for human growth hormone (HGH).

Results:
The average yield of DNA was 0.816 μg (0.141–2.706 μg) obtained from the average nail weight of 30.2 mg (22.2–40.0 mg). The average DNA concentration was 27.2 ng/μL (4.7–90.2 ng/μL), corresponding to 30 μL in volume. Almost all DNA samples (96.7%) had high purity (A260/A280 ≥1.80) and gave a band of PCR product of the HGH gene on agarose gel electrophoresis.

Conclusion:
Spin column-based nucleic acid purification is recommended for nail DNA extraction due to its simplicity and high quality.
Impact Assessment of Systemic Geometric Distortion in 1.5T Magnetic Resonance Imaging Simulation through Three-dimensional Geometric Distortion Phantom on Dosimetric Accuracy for Magnetic Resonance Imaging-only Prostate Treatment Planning
Authors: Chaknam Korawig , Worapruekjaru Ladawan , Suphaphong Sithiphong , Stansook Nualjun , Sodkokkruad Prapa , Asavaphatiboon Sawwanee 
Published: September 2024

Aims:
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-only radiotherapy has emerged as a solution to address registration errors that can lead to missed dose delivery. However, the presence of systemic geometric distortion (SGD) stemming from gradient nonlinearity (GNL) and inhomogeneity of the main magnetic field (B0) necessitates consideration. This study aimed to quantitatively assess residual SGD in 1.5T MRI simulation using a three-dimensional (3D) geometric distortion phantom and evaluate its impact on dosimetric accuracy for retrospective prostate cancer patients.

Materials and Methods:
Ten retrospective cases of prostate cancer patients treated with volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT) were randomly selected. A geometric distortion phantom was scanned on a 1.5T MRI simulation using a 3D T1 volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination sequence, varying bandwidth (BW), and two-phase-encoding directions. Distortion maps were generated and applied to the original computed tomography (oriCT) plan to create a distorted computed tomography plan (dCT), and a dice similarity coefficient (DSC) was observed. Dosimetric accuracy was evaluated by recalculating radiation dose for dCT plans using identical beam parameters as oriCT.

Results:
The SGD increased with distance from the isocenter in all series. DSC exceeded 0.95 for all plans except the rectum. Regarding GNL’s impact on dosimetric accuracy, most mean percentage errors for clinical target volume, planning target volume, and both femurs were under 2% in all plans, except for the bladder and rectum.

Conclusion:
SGD pre-evaluation is crucial and should be incorporated into a quality assurance program to ensure effective MRI-simulation performance before MRI-only treatment planning for prostate cancer.
Tumor Control and Normal Tissue Complications in High-dose-rate Brachytherapy for Cervical Cancer Patients Using Ir-192 Radioactive Source
Authors: Kaur Gurpreet , Garg Pardeep , Dangwal Vinod Kumar , Singh Baltej , Gaur Garima , Grover Romikant , Singh Simrandeep , Sharma Rachana 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
The purpose of the study was to calculate, tumor control probability (TCP) and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) in cervical cancer patients and to clinically correlate the outcomes with a follow-up period of 24 months.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred and fifty patients were included in the present study who received 46 Gy/23 fractions/4½ weeks of external beam radiotherapy with concurrent cisplatin chemotherapy, followed by intracavitary brachytherapy of 3 different fractionations regimens, i.e., 9.5 Gy per fraction of two fractions (50 patients in Arm1), 7.5 Gy per fraction of three fractions (50 patients in Arm2), and 6.0 Gy per fraction of four fractions (50 patients in Arm3).

Results:
The median TCP value for Arm1, Arm2, and Arm3 was 99.6%, 94%, and 98.1%, respectively, (P < 0.01). The median NTCP value for bladder in Arm1, Arm2, and Arm3 was 0.17%, 0.04%, and 0.07%, respectively, (P = 0.05). The median NTCP value for rectum in Arm1, Arm2, and Arm3 was 4.73%, 4.35%, and 3.17%, respectively, (P = 0.052). The overall survival (OS) of 90%, 86%, and 84% was found for Arm1, Arm2, and Arm3, respectively, at 24 months of follow-up.

Conclusion:
TCP, NTCP, and OS rates were found higher in Arm1 as compared to the other two arms. The complications found in all arms were less, low grade, and manageable. Hence, Arm1, i.e., 9.5 Gy per fraction of two fractions can be concluded as the optimum fractionation regime in terms of radiobiological parameters as well as overall patient comfort.
Subclinical Hypothyroidism Following Imatinib Use in Nigerian BCR::ABL1-positive Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ahmed Ibrahim Oluwaseun , Asafa Muritala Abiola , Adeagbo Babatunde Ayodeji , Adedeji Tewogbade Adeoye , Asaleye Christianah Mopelola , Bolarinwa Rahman Ayodele , Durosinmi Muheez Alani 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Thyroid toxicity has been reported with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as sunitinib and sorafenib, targeting angiogenic tyrosine kinase receptors. However, the effect of imatinib, a first-line TKI for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients on the thyroid, has been inconclusive. Of note, imatinib remains the mainstay of treatment for BCR::ABL1-positive Nigerian CML patients.

AIM:
We evaluated the effect of imatinib mesylate on the thyroid and its function in BCR::ABL1 positive CML patients and assessed the effect of the continuous imatinib use on thyroid features.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
This prospective cohort study included 50 imatinib-naive patients with BCR::ABL1-positive CML and 50 age- and sex-matched apparently normal controls without any underlying thyroid disorder or on any thyroid medication. Serum free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured at baseline for both the CML patients and the controls and were repeated at 1, 3, and 6 months for the CML patients while on imatinib therapy.

RESULTS:
Subclinical hypothyroidism was observed in 7 of 50 (14%) of the patients with CML at 6 months on imatinib. Six of these patients were female, while 1 was male. The mean values for the serum fT3 (pmol/L), serum fT4 (pmol/L), and TSH (μIU/mL) for the CML subjects versus controls were 4.22 ± 0.79 versus 4.31 ± 0.31 (t = −0.27 P = 0.532), 17.13 ± 2.49 vs. 16.39 ± 2.16 (t = 1.605 P = 0.112), and 1.58 ± 0.74 versus 1.63 ± 0.64 (t = −0.399 P = 0.691), respectively.

CONCLUSION:
This study confirmed subclinical hypothyroidism as an adverse effect of continuous imatinib use with a prevalence of 14% in Nigerian CML patients.
Unveiling Leptospira Antibody Seroprevalence among Voluntary Blood Donors: Insights from a Single-center Observational Study
Authors: Chenna Deepika , Shastry Shamee , Singson Sangthang , Balasubramanian Rukmoni , Bhatia Aashna 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Leptospirosis is among transfusion transmissible infections but is not screened routinely among blood donors and is endemic in Southern India. The presence of carrier state and the donors being asymptomatic may lead to transfusion transmission in the absence of screening. We aimed to study the prevalence of leptospirosis among blood donors and to assess the need to implement screening strategies for its detection.

METHODS:
A prospective observational study was conducted among blood donors using Purposive sampling to select donors for the study. The samples collected for routine transfusion transmissible infections screening were used to screen for Ig M antibodies to leptospira infection by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Samples that were reactive twice were true positive. These donors were contacted telephonically to enquire if they developed any symptoms of the infection.

RESULTS:
A total of 3576 came for blood donation during the study period of which 124 participated in the study. Among the 124 donors screened, a total of seven samples (5.64%) samples were found to be reactive for IgM Leptospira antibodies. The mean age of the donors that were found to be reactive was 27.5 years (SD: 3.15, Range: 20-45 years) with a male to female ratio of 6:1. All these donors were asymptomatic before or after seven days and 2 weeks of blood donation.

CONCLUSION:
Approximately six out of 100 donors screened were positive for IgM antibodies of Leptospira without any symptoms. As there is a risk of transmission via blood transfusion, regular screening may be needed at least in areas of high prevalence.
Intrathecal ephedrine plus bupicaine for hernioraphy prophylaxis for hypotension and analgesic
Authors: Ali Hani G. , Elneegery Naglaa A.E. 
Published: September 2024

Background
Usually, hernia repair is performed under spinal anesthesia. Hypotension secondary to spinal anesthesia is a common problem and many protocols have been tested regarding their efficacy in preventing this oweful complication.

Aim of the work
Compare the efficacy of intrathecal ephedrine plus Bupivacaine as prophylaxis for prevention of hypotension in patient undergoing inguinal hernia repair as compared to intrathecal Bupivacaine alone.as well as Does it have analgesic effect or not?.Patients and methods Eighty-four patients who underwent unilateral hernial were randomized to receive intratcal bupivacaine combined with ephedrine or receive intrathecal bupivacaine alone. The primary outcome was the effect of ephedrine on the hemodynamic profile. The secondary outcomes were the analgesic efficacy and the associated complications.

Results
In the current study, there was statistically significant decrease in the heart rate in the control group at the following duration during the intraoperative period. No cases in the test group showed bradycardia or hypotension. In the control group bradycardia occurred in 4 cases (16.7%) and hypotension occurred in 1 case (4.2%). The VAS score at 4 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours postoperative, the pain score were statistically significantly lower in the ephedrine group.

Conclusion
The use of ephedrine by the intrathecal route during spinal anesthesia was associated with better control of the hemodynamic parameters and lower incidence of bradycardia. As shown by lower VAS scores of pain, lower rescue analgesia doses, and longer first analgesic recall, ephedrine had a strong analgesic effect.
Quantification of selected heavy metals through inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry in containers of yogurts used in Erbil City, Krg, Iraq
Authors: Sami Khalid Hawraz , Faidhalla Jalal Aveen , Fakhir Mohammed Hawar , Yousif Sharef Huda , Adil Fakhre Nabil 
Published: September 2024

Heavy metals are recently introduced in the manufacturing of various household utensils. The objective of this study was to investigate different heavy metals contents in the composition of yogurts containers collected from the markets of Erbil City. The collected containers were aluminum containers and plastic containers with several colors. An inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer was used to analyse the contents of nine heavy metals including cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, and zinc. The level of total detected metal load found in the analyzed containers. The recorded level for total detected metal load in the overall aluminum containers sample was very high and approximately 27 times more than that level in the overall plastic containers sample. Lead and cadmium were known as toxic heavy metals and detected with a high amount in the aluminum containers composition. The total contamination in the aluminum containers composition was noticeably exceeded the permissible world limits for heavy metals in packaging materials. Results obtained clarified that the white color of plastic containers is more preferable and safer than the dark or other multi-color plastic containers items in terms of heavy metals.
KEY WORDS: Aluminum and plastic container, Heavy metal, ICP-OES, Yogurt
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(6), 1509-1519.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i6.1
Theoretical investigation of complexes of uranyl(II), vanadyl(II) and zirconyl(II) with vitamin B13 as candidate compounds as anti-nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and Diabetes mellitus targets
Authors: Mohammed Alsuhaibani Amnah , Shakya Sonam , S. Refat Moamen 
Published: September 2024

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out utilizing the B3LYP functional in conjunction with the 6-311G++ and LanL2DZ basis sets to explore the molecular properties and geometries of Vitamin (Vit) B13 and its complexes with Uranyl (II), Vanadyl (II), and Zirconyl (II). The optimized structures, molecular electrostatic potential maps, key molecular properties, and HOMO-LUMO energy gaps of these compounds were systematically examined to gain insights into their electronic characteristics and stability. Bioactivity screenings of the synthesized complexes were performed using molecular docking studies to investigate their interactions with diabetes mellitus (DM) target proteins, specifically the Insulin Receptor (IR) (PDB ID: 1IR3) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) (PDB ID: 3K8S). These receptors play pivotal roles in the PPAR and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways, which are essential for protecting against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The docking results highlighted the binding affinities and potential bioactivity of Vit B13 and its metal complexes, suggesting their promise as therapeutic agents against DM and NAFLD. This comprehensive computational study provides valuable insights into the molecular interactions and electronic properties of these compounds, paving the way for further experimental validation and potential pharmaceutical applications.
KEY WORDS: Vitamin B13, Metal complexes, Diabetes mellitus, Molecular docking, DFT
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(6), 1743-1757.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i6.19
Spectral studies of a selenium(IV) vitamin B3 compounds prepared in the form of nanometer using simple chemical reactions to further use as antioxidant in the preparation of drugs
Authors: Y. El-Sayed Mohamed , M.A. Alatawy Ibrahim , M. Ali Hazim , Muqbil  Alsirhani A. , A. El-Ossaily Yasser , Shalaby Khaled , S. Refat Moamen 
Published: September 2024

The current study dealt with selenium metal ion complexes with mixed ligands, consisting of nicotinamide (vitamin B3) as the first ligand, and amino acids such as (histidine, tryptophan, and tyrosine) as the second ligand. It was synthesized in (1:1:1) (selenium: vitamin: amino acid) in molar ratio. By using different characterization techniques such as elemental analysis, the conductance, FTIR, XRD, UV-Vis, TG/DTG, 1H-NMR, XRD, SEM, TEM analyses, the chemical structures and the morphological properties of the synthesized complexes were checked and discussed. The nicotinamide was coordinated as monodentate ligand via the nitrogen of pyridine ring but all amino acids as a secondary ligand coordinated as bidentate through oxygen of carboxylic group and nitrogen of amino group. The complexes demonstrate antioxidant activity with potent scavenging property, the synthesized in the form of nanometer give great importance in increasing efficiency of absorption of human cells to selenium giving the highest efficiency of medical product. All complexes in this study were evaluated for their anticancer effect towards HepG2 and A2780 cell lines. From these data the complex (Se/Nia/ Tyr) can be used as antitumor agents.
KEY WORDS: Selenium, Amino acids, Vitamin B3, Mixed ligand, Complexes, Antioxidant
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(6), 1759-1774.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i6.20