bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community media and broadcast journalism in Austria: Legal and funding provisions as indicators for the perception of the media’s societal roles
Authors: Seethaler Josef , Beaufort Maren 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Starting with considerations on the ongoing transformation of broadcast journalism borne by technological, economic and societal changes, the study aims at clarifying the role of Austrian community media in relation to the public and commercial sector. Setting out from the assumption that legal documents codify social change, and hence are barometers for collectively recognized conceptions and norms and of the changes they undergo, all Austrian legal texts and funding guidelines concerning broadcasting were subject to a comparative analysis with respect to their underlying perceptions of the societal role of broadcast media. The analysis has shown that there is no longer a broadcast journalism as such, but rather that several images of the role of broadcast journalism and conceptions of its function exist side by side. Different conceptions of democracy are perceptible as the basis of their legitimacy and they reflect the change from a traditional representative model to a participatory conception, such as is especially widespread among younger generations. Alternative forms of broadcast journalism, as practiced by community media, are thus acquiring greater significance: forms that no longer treat media communication as one-directional, but rather as fundamentally participative offerings – in order to encourage and empower people to become aware of and responsible for their social environment.
Community radio and governance: Leadership, relationship and organizational identity
Authors: O’ Brien Anne 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This study examines the challenges of good governance for community radio stations. It does this by exploring how volunteers, managers and members of the Boards of Directors at four community radio stations in Ireland view governance issues. The article finds that there are three key requirements for effective governance in the context of non-profit community radio stations. First, participants described the importance of the Board’s leadership role in acquiring expertise in specific, necessary areas, such as finance, human resources and compliance. The Board was also seen to require a capacity to generate positive relationships between the station and its constituent communities. Second, participants outlined a number of practices that proved useful in achieving positive internal relationships between the Board, the volunteers and management. Third, participants described how a collectively shared ethos of community radio was useful in overcoming potential divisions by generating a shared sense of the organization for its members. The findings highlight the need for further research and analysis of the organizational uniqueness and consequent governance requirements of community media.
All the lonely people, where do they all belong: Community radio and social connection
Authors: Order Simon 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The Community Broadcasting Association of Australia (CBAA) asserts that community radio should promote a culturally diverse society by representing those sections of the community much less visible in the mainstream media. This echoes the Australian Federal Government’s vision of social inclusion/cohesion in a society in which all Australians are valued and are able to participate fully. There are those, however, who are marginalised by mainstream culture and can find themselves alienated as a result of, for example, their language, religion, ethincity, sexuality or niche interests. Societal participation for those groups can be challenging and may mean some members feel a sense of isolation and lonliness. The incidence of loneliness in Australia is growing. The personal and social consequences of loneliness are significant for those affected but also for policy-makers. Community broadcasting is uniquely positioned to provide opportunities for volunteering, community participation, and sociability for niche community groups, all of which contribute towards countering the effects of loneliness. In this regard, community radio can be described as rhizomatic. It has the potential to generate social capital for the participants and the listeners via its many community entrance points and social pathways. Community radio is often a two-way street with content producers and consumers occupying the same position, thus blurring the line between the traditional professional broadcaster and the passive listener. The generated niche communities of interest expand away from a station towards the audience, and simultaneously, into the community station from the listeners. Overall, this article argues that community broadcasting in Australia should be valued as a medium that can reduce social isolation and enrich community cohesion.
Assessment of Possible Application of Geochemistry to Distinguish Limnic and Paralic Coal-Bearing Parts of the Carboniferous in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin
Authors: Kokowska-Pawłowska Magdalena , Krzeszowska Ewa 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe paper presents the results of geochemical analyses of samples from the Poruba Beds of the paralic series and from the Zaleskie Beds of the limnic series Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB). The contents of the following trace elements and oxides were evaluated using spectrometric method: Cr, Th, U, V, AL2O3, MgO, K2O, P2O5. The following indicators, most commonly used in chemostratigraphy and in the identification of the marine and non-marine sediments ratios, were analyzed: U, Th, Th/U, K2O, Th/K2O, P2O5, Al2O3, P2O5/ Al2O3, V, Cr, V/Cr, and (K2O/Al2O3) / (MgO/Al2O3). The research showed that those ratios may be used to identify sedimentary environments and geochemical correlations of the sedimentary rock sequences in the USCB. Geochemical ratios discussed in the paper allowed distinguishing two populations of samples representing paralic and limnic series.
Rock Failure Analysis Based on a Coupled Elastoplastic-Logarithmic Damage Model
Authors: Abdia M. , Molladavoodi H. , Salarirad H. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The rock materials surrounding the underground excavations typically demonstrate nonlinear mechanical response and irreversible behavior in particular under high in-situ stress states. The dominant causes of irreversible behavior are plastic flow and damage process. The plastic flow is controlled by the presence of local shear stresses which cause the frictional sliding. During this process, the net number of bonds remains unchanged practically. The overall macroscopic consequence of plastic flow is that the elastic properties (e.g. the stiffness of the material) are insensitive to this type of irreversible change. The main cause of irreversible changes in quasi-brittle materials such as rock is the damage process occurring within the material. From a microscopic viewpoint, damage initiates with the nucleation and growth of microcracks. When the microcracks length reaches a critical value, the coalescence of them occurs and finally, the localized meso-cracks appear. The macroscopic and phenomenological consequence of damage process is stiffness degradation, dilatation and softening response. In this paper, a coupled elastoplastic-logarithmic damage model was used to simulate the irreversible deformations and stiffness degradation of rock materials under loading. In this model, damage evolution & plastic flow rules were formulated in the framework of irreversible thermodynamics principles. To take into account the stiffness degradation and softening on post-peak region, logarithmic damage variable was implemented. Also, a plastic model with Drucker-Prager yield function was used to model plastic strains. Then, an algorithm was proposed to calculate the numerical steps based on the proposed coupled plastic and damage constitutive model. The developed model has been programmed in VC++ environment. Then, it was used as a separate and new constitutive model in DEM code (UDEC). Finally, the experimental Oolitic limestone rock behavior was simulated based on the developed model. The irreversible strains, softening and stiffness degradation were reproduced in the numerical results. Furthermore, the confinement pressure dependency of rock behavior was simulated in according to experimental observations.
Multivariate Linear Regression and CART Regression Analysis of TBM Performance at Abu Hamour Phase-I Tunnel
Authors: Jakubowski J. , Stypulkowski J.B. , Bernardeau F.G. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The first phase of the Abu Hamour drainage and storm tunnel was completed in early 2017. The 9.5 km long, 3.7 m diameter tunnel was excavated with two Earth Pressure Balance (EPB) Tunnel Boring Machines from Herrenknecht. TBM operation processes were monitored and recorded by Data Acquisition and Evaluation System. The authors coupled collected TBM drive data with available information on rock mass properties, cleansed, completed with secondary variables and aggregated by weeks and shifts. Correlations and descriptive statistics charts were examined. Multivariate Linear Regression and CART regression tree models linking TBM penetration rate (PR), penetration per revolution (PPR) and field penetration index (FPI) with TBM operational and geotechnical characteristics were performed for the conditions of the weak/soft rock of Doha. Both regression methods are interpretable and the data were screened with different computational approaches allowing enriched insight. The primary goal of the analysis was to investigate empirical relations between multiple explanatory and responding variables, to search for best subsets of explanatory variables and to evaluate the strength of linear and non-linear relations. For each of the penetration indices, a predictive model coupling both regression methods was built and validated. The resultant models appeared to be stronger than constituent ones and indicated an opportunity for more accurate and robust TBM performance predictions.
Acoustics of Orthodox Churches in Poland
Authors: Małecki Paweł , Wiciak Jerzy , Nowak Damian 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
An Orthodox church as a building expresses the Eastern Orthodox spirituality - all the details and general aspects have a deep and philosophical meaning. The architecture, being an illustration of the character of the Orthodox Church liturgy, has become a natural component of the cultural landscape of Poland and Eastern Europe. Acoustic research into Orthodox churches has so far been marginalized. Up to now, only a few churches of this type have been studied. The article is a review of the acoustic environment of churches in Poland. Churches, differing in terms of size, architectural style and other quantities, were chosen and acoustic measurements were made. The results of the measurements have been analyzed and collated. In particular, a detailed analysis and comparison was made for reverberation time as a function of frequency, due to the largest differences in this parameter between the rooms.
Identification of Harmonic Musical Intervals: The Effect of Pitch Register and Tone Duration
Authors: Rogala Tomira , Miskiewicz Andrzej , Rogowski Piotr 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
An experiment was conducted to explore the effect of the pitch strength of pure tones constituting a dyad on the accuracy of musical interval identification. Pitch strength was controlled by presenting the intervals in different frequency regions and varying their duration. The intervals were organized into 18 blocks made up by a combination of three octaves: the second (65.4-130.8 Hz), the fourth (261.6- 523.3 Hz), and the sixth octave (1047-2093 Hz), and six tone durations, ranging 50-2000 ms in the second octave, and 10-500 ms in the two higher ones. The results indicate that interval identification improves with increasing pitch strength of the interval’s component tones. The identification scores were much lower in the second octave than in the two higher ones and in all octaves identification worsened as the interval’s duration was shortened. The intervals were most often confused with intervals of similar size rather than with their inversions and intervals of similar sonic character. This finding suggests that the main cue for the identification of harmonic intervals is the pitch distance between two tones. However, in the low pitch range, when the tone pitches are less salient, the impression of consonance may become a helpful, although not very effective cue.
A Fast Method of Feature Extraction for Lowering Vehicle Pass-By Noise Based on Nonnegative Tucker3 Decomposition
Authors: Wang Haijun , Cheng Guo , Deng Guoyong , Li Xueping , Li Honggeng , Huang Yuanyi 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Usually, the judgement of one type fault of vehicle pass-by noise is difficult for engineers, especially when some significant features are disturbed by other interference noise, such as the squealing noise is almost simultaneous with the whistle in the exhaust system. In order to cope with this problem, a new method, with the antinoise ability of the algorithm on the condition by which the features are entangled, is developed to extract clear features for the fault analysis. In the proposed method, the nonnegative Tucker3 decomposition (NTD) with fast updating algorithm, signed as NTD_FUP, can find out the natural frequency of the parts/components from the exhaust system. Not only does the NTD_FUP extract clear features from the confused noise, but also it is superior to the traditional methods in practice. Then, an aluminium-foil alloy material, which is used for the heat shield for its lower noise radiation, replaces the aluminium alloy alone. Extensive experiments show that the sound pressure level of the vehicle pass-by noise is reduced 0.9 dB(A) by the improved heat shield, which is also considered as a more lightweight design for the exhaust system of an automobile.
Numerical Prediction of the Tonal Airborne Noise for a NACA 0012 Aerofoil at Moderate Reynolds Number Using a Transitional URANS Approach
Authors: De Gennaro Michele , Kühnelt Helmut , Zanon Alessandro 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Tonal airborne noise of aerofoils appears in a limited range of moderate Reynolds numbers and angles of attack. In these specific conditions, the aerofoil is characterised by a large region of laminar flow over the aerodynamic surface, typically resulting in two-dimensional laminar instabilities in the boundary layer, generating one or more acoustic tones. The numerical simulation of such phenomenon requires, beside an accurate prediction of the unsteady flow field, a proper modelling of the laminar to turbulent transition of the boundary layer, which generally imposes the use of highly CPU demanding approaches such as large eddy simulation (LES) or direct numerical simulation (DNS). This paper aims at presenting the results of numerical experiments for evaluating the capability of capturing the tonal airborne noise by using an advanced, yet low computationally demanding, unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) turbulence model augmented with a transitional model to account for the laminar to turbulent transition. This approach, coupled with the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings (FW-H) acoustic analogy, is adopted for predicting the far-field acoustic sound pressure of a NACA 0012 aerofoil with Reynolds number ranging from 0.39 · 106 to 1.09 · 106. The results show a main tone located approximately at 1.6-1.8 kHz for a Reynolds number equal to 0.62 · 106, increasing to 2.4 kHz at Reynolds number equal to 0.85 · 106 and 3.4 kHz at 1.09 · 106, while no main tones are observed at 0.39 · 106. The computed spectra confirm that the acoustic emission of the aerofoil is dominated by tonal structures and that the frequency of the main tone depends on the Reynolds number consistently with the ladder-like tonal structure suggested by Paterson et al. Moreover, in specific conditions, the acoustic spectra exhibit a multi-tonal structure visible in narrowband spectra, in line with the findings of Arbey and Bataille. The presented results demonstrate the capability of the numerical model of predicting the physics of the tonal airborne noise generation.
An Influence of the Wall Acoustic Impedance on the Room Acoustics. The Exact Solution
Authors: Branski Adam , Kocan-Krawczyk Anna , Predka Edyta 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The Fourier method is applied to the description of the room acoustics field with the combination of uniform impedance boundary conditions imposed on some walls. These acoustic boundary conditions are expressed by absorption coefficient values In this problem, the Fourier method is derived as the combination of three one-dimensional Sturm-Liouville (S-L) problems with Robin-Robin boundary conditions at the first and second dimension and Robin-Neumann ones at the third dimension. The Fourier method requires an evaluation of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Helmholtz equation, via the solution of the eigenvalue equation, in all directions. The graphic-analytical method is adopted to solve it It is assumed that the acoustic force constitutes a monopole source and finally the forced acoustic field is calculated. As a novelty, it is demonstrated that the Fourier method provides a useful and efficient approach for a room acoustics with different values of wall impedances. Theoretical considerations are illustrated for rectangular cross-section of the room with particular ratio. Results obtained in the paper will be a point of reference to the numerical calculations.
Vorstandsbezüge – eine ökonomische Bewertung
Authors: Bontrup Heinz-J. 
Published: January 2018

Zusammenfassung
Die Höhe der Vorstandsgehälter von Kapitalgesellschaften wird in Deutschland von vielen kritisiert. Ist diese Kritik aber berechtigt und lässt sie sich wirtschaftswissenschaftlich fundieren? Dies will der Aufsatz nicht nur auf Basis von betriebs- und personalwirtschaftlichem Wissen, sondern auch durch das Hinzuziehen der klassischen (arbeitswerttheoretischen) und neoklassischen (grenzproduktivitätstheoretischen) Volkswirtschaftslehre aufzeigen. Auch werden als besondere Begründungsversuche die vielfältigen verhaltens- und anreizbasierten sowie sozio-ökonomischen Theorieansätze zur Bestimmung von Vorstandsbezügen einer kritischen Bewertung unterzogen. Allen Theorien ist hier eine nur ungenügende Praxistauglichkeit gemein. Genauso wie in arbeitsteiligen Unternehmen der individuelle Beitrag eines ‚normalen‘ abhängig Beschäftigten zur Wertschöpfung nicht bestimmbar ist, so gilt dies auch für die individuelle Arbeit von Vorständen. Daher haben die Tarifparteien für die Praxis allgemeine (durchschnittliche) anforderungs- und leistungsorientierte Bewertungsmaßstäbe zur Entgelteinstufung von „normalen“ Beschäftigten entwickelt. Diese in der wirtschaftlichen Realität bewährte Methode könnte auch zur Bestimmung von Vorstandsgehältern zum Einsatz kommen. Alternativ ist auch eine Bewertungsmethode auf Basis der wirtschaftlichen Gesamtsituation eines Unternehmens denkbar. Hier müsste dann aber eine holistische wertschöpfungs- und stakeholderbasierte Bestimmung von Vorstandsvergütungen stattfinden.
Messages of Architectural Objects
Authors: Petrušonis Vytautas 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The article aims at revealing the role of architecture in programming ethically significant content in the observer’s consciousness. The concepts of intext and metatext are very helpful in this situation. The knowledge about semantization levels, different types of metalanguage that work in the programming of mind, about the role of metalogic information that is adjusting attitudes is crucial. Original criterion system and certain instruments of such evaluation analysis were created using theoretical methods: abstraction, analogy, generalization, reasoning, synthesis. Moreover, methods of phenomenology and semantic analysis were applied.
Taxonomic reassessment of the Indo-Pacific Scytosiphonaceae (Phaeophyceae): Hydroclathrus rapanuii sp. nov. and Chnoospora minima from Easter Island, with proposal of Dactylosiphon gen. nov. and Pseudochnoospora gen. nov.
Authors: Santiañez Wilfred John E. , Macaya Erasmo C. , Lee Kyung Min , Cho Ga Youn , Boo Sung Min , Kogame Kazuhiro 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
A new and putatively endemic species of Hydroclathrus, Hydroclathrus rapanuii, is described from the geographically isolated Easter Island in the southeastern Pacific based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic data. It is distinguished from other Hydroclathrus by thalli of unevenly furrowed thin membranes, and angular, block-like plurangial sori. Our phylogenetic analyses indicated that H. rapanuii is closely related to the generitype Hydroclathrus clathratus. We also report on the morphology and phylogeny of Chnoospora minima from Easter I. and elsewhere in the Indo-Pacific Ocean, noting the previously unreported presence of hollow portions in its medulla. Although not collected from Easter I., we herein propose the recognition of two new genera, Dactylosiphon gen. nov. and Pseudochnoospora gen. nov., based on our three-gene phylogeny and their known morphologies and anatomies. Dactylosiphon is based on the three species currently assigned to Colpomenia (C. bullosa, C. durvillei, and C. wynnei) that are genetically and morphologically (i.e. thalli with erect and finger-like tubes arising from a common saccate base) distinct from other members of Colpomenia. The monotypic genus Pseudochnoospora is represented by the decumbent, branching, and inter-adhesive species currently known as Chnoospora implexa. With the above proposals, we further increase the genus-level diversity of Scytosiphonaceae in the Indo-Pacific Ocean.
Contribution to the knowledge of lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi of Gomel region (Belarus)
Authors: Tsurykau Andrei 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRecords of 21 species of lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi new to Gomel region, the south-eastern Belarus are presented. Of these, six species (Bacidia fraxinea, Briancoppinsia cytospora, Calicium parvum, Chaenothecopsis savonica, Enchylium bachmanianum and Intralichen christiansenii) are new to Belarus, seven species (Carbonicola anthracophila, Chaenotheca hispidula, Cornutispora lichenicola, Lichenochora obscuroides, Lichenoconium xanthoriae, Pyrenochaeta xanthoriae and Tremella hypogymniae) have been previously known from one locality in the country. The occurrence of Ochrolechia microstictoides is confirmed with certainty for Belarus. Ochrolechia parella is excluded from the list of lichens of Gomel region as erroneously identified.