bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reevaluating the prognostic significance of male gender for papillary thyroid carcinoma and microcarcinoma: a SEER database analysis
Authors: Liu Chunping , Chen Tianwen , Zeng Wen , Wang Shuntao , Xiong Yiquan , Liu Zeming , Huang Tao 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe prognostic significance of gender remains controversial for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). In this study, we investigated the associations between gender and prognosis in a large cohort of patients with PTC or PTMC that was diagnosed in 2010–2013 and recorded in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registry. The mean ± standard deviation duration of survival for all patients with PTC during the study period was 21.47 ± 14.04 months. In Kaplan-Meier analyses of the entire cohort of PTC patients, survival curves for all-cause death and cancer-specific death declined more sharply for men than for women. Similar results were observed in analyses of patients with PTCs > 1 cm and PTMC. After adjusting for potential confounders, hazard rates indicated significantly elevated all-cause mortality for men in analyses of all PTCs, PTCs > 1 cm, and PTMCs. However, in a confounder-adjusted analysis of patients with PTMC, the hazard rate did not indicate significantly higher mortality for men than for women. Our study demonstrated that male gender is an independent poor prognostic factor for all PTCs and for PTCs > 1 cm. However, gender is not an independent prognostic factor for cause-specific survival in PTMC.
Lasing by driven atoms-cavity system in collective strong coupling regime
Authors: Sawant Rahul , Rangwala S. A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe interaction of laser cooled atoms with resonant light is determined by the natural linewidth of the excited state. An optical cavity is another optically resonant system where the loss from the cavity determines the resonant optical response of the system. The near resonant combination of an optical Fabry-Pérot cavity with laser cooled and trapped atoms couples two distinct optical resonators via light and has great potential for precision measurements and the creation of versatile quantum optics systems. Here we show how driven magneto-optically trapped atoms in collective strong coupling regime with the cavity leads to lasing at a frequency red detuned from the atomic transition. Lasing is demonstrated experimentally by the observation of a lasing threshold accompanied by polarization and spatial mode purity, and line-narrowing in the outcoupled light. Spontaneous emission into the cavity mode by the driven atoms stimulates lasing action, which is capable of operating as a continuous wave laser in steady state, without a seed laser. The system is modeled theoretically, and qualitative agreement with experimentally observed lasing is seen. Our result opens up a range of new measurement possibilities with this system.
Siglec-5 is a novel marker of critical limb ischemia in patients with diabetes
Authors: Li Ju-yi , Yang Xiao-yan , Wang Xiu-fang , Jia Xiong , Wang Zhong-jing , Deng Ai-ping , Bai Xiang-li , Zhu Lin , Li Bing-hui , Feng Zi-bo , Li Ye , Wang Ling , Jin Si 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCritical Limb Ischemia (CLI) is common but uncommonly diagnosed. Improved recognition and early diagnostic markers for CLI are needed. Therefore, the aim of our study was to identify plasma biomarkers of CLI in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this study, antibody-coated glass slide arrays were used to determine the plasma levels of 274 human cytokines in four matched cases of diabetes with and without CLI. Potential biomarkers were confirmed in an independent cohort by ELISA. After adjusting for confounding risk factors, only plasma level of Siglec-5 remained significantly associated with an increased odds ratio (OR) for diabetes with CLI by binary logistic regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed the optimal cut-off points for Siglec-5 was 153.1 ng/ml. After entering Siglec-5, the AUC was 0.99, which was higher than that of confounding risk factors only (AUC = 0.97, P < 0.05). Siglec-5 was expressed in plaques, but not in healthy artery wall in T2DM patients. Elevated plasma Siglec-5 was independently associated with CLI in T2DM. Plasma Siglec-5 levels are implicated as an early diagnostic marker of CLI in T2DM patients and it may become a target for the prevention or treatment of CLI in diabetes.
Metagenomic insight into the microbial networks and metabolic mechanism in anaerobic digesters for food waste by incorporating activated carbon
Authors: Zhang Jingxin , Mao Liwei , Zhang Le , Loh Kai-Chee , Dai Yanjun , Tong Yen Wah 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPowdered activated carbon (AC) is commonly used as an effective additive to enhance anaerobic digestion (AD), but little is known about how the metabolic pathways resulting from adding AC change the microbial association network and enhance food waste treatment. In this work, the use of AC in an anaerobic digestion system for food waste was explored. Using bioinformatics analysis, taxonomic trees and the KEGG pathway analysis, changes in microbial network and biometabolic pathways were tracked. The overall effect of these changes were used to explain and validate improved digestion performance. The results showed that AC accelerated the decomposition of edible oil in food waste, enhancing the conversion of food waste to methane with the optimized dosage of 12 g AC per reactor. Specifically, when AC was added, the proponoate metabolic pathway that converts propanoic acid to acetic acid became more prominent, as measured by 16S rRNA in the microbial community. The other two metabolic pathways, Lipid Metabolism and Methane Metabolism, were also enhanced. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that AC promoted the proliferation of syntrophic microorganisms such as Methanosaeta and Geobacter, forming a highly intensive syntrophic microbial network.
Effect of efflux pump inhibition on Pseudomonas aeruginosa transcriptome and virulence
Authors: Rampioni Giordano , Pillai Cejoice Ramachandran , Longo Francesca , Bondì Roslen , Baldelli Valerio , Messina Marco , Imperi Francesco , Visca Paolo , Leoni Livia 
Published: September 2017

AbstractEfflux pumps of the resistance-nodulation-cell-division (RND) family increase antibiotic resistance in many bacterial pathogens, representing candidate targets for the development of antibiotic adjuvants. RND pumps have also been proposed to contribute to bacterial infection, implying that efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) could also act as anti-virulence drugs. Nevertheless, EPIs are usually investigated only for their properties as antibiotic adjuvants, while their potential anti-virulence activity is seldom taken into account. In this study it is shown that RND efflux pumps contribute to Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 pathogenicity in an insect model of infection, and that the well-characterized EPI Phe-Arg-β-naphthylamide (PAβN) is able to reduce in vivo virulence of the P. aeruginosa PAO1 laboratory strain, as well as of clinical isolates. The production of quorum sensing (QS) molecules and of QS-dependent virulence phenotypes is differentially affected by PAβN, depending on the strain. Transcriptomic and phenotypic analyses showed that the protection exerted by PAβN from P. aeruginosa PAO1 infection in vivo correlates with the down-regulation of key virulence genes (e.g. genes involved in iron and phosphate starvation). Since PAβN impacts P. aeruginosa virulence, anti-virulence properties of EPIs are worthy to be explored, taking into account possible strain-specificity of their activity.
COPT2, a plasma membrane located copper transporter, is involved in the uptake of Au in Arabidopsis
Authors: Tiwari Manish , Venkatachalam Perumal , Penarrubia Lola , Sahi Shivendra V. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe mechanism of gold nanoparticle formation and genes involved in such processes, especially Au transport in plants are not understood. Previous reports pointed to the probable role of COPT2 in Au transport based on the transcript accumulation of COPT2 under Au exposure. Here, we provide evidence revealing the additional role of COPT2 for Au mobilization in yeast and Arabidopsis. The COPT2 transcripts significantly accumulated in the root of Arabidopsis under Au exposure. The expression of COPT2 restores Cu uptake ability in ctr1Δctr3Δ mutants and leads to Au sensitivity in yeast, which is comparable to Cu in growth kinetics experiments. The metal measurement data showed that the Au level was increased in COPT2, expressing yeast cells compared to vector transformed control. The copt2 mutant of Arabidopsis displayed a similar growth pattern to that of Col-0 under Au treatment. However, a notable phenotypic difference was noticed in three-week-old plants treated with and without Au. Consistent with yeast, Au uptake was reduced in the copt2 mutant of Arabidopsis. Together, these results clearly reveal the Au uptake capability of COPT2 in yeast and Arabidopsis. This is the first report showing the potential role of any transporter towards uptake and accumulation of Au in plants.
High extinction ratio electromagnetically induced transparency analogue based on the radiation suppression of dark modes
Authors: Xie JingYa , Zhu Xi , Zang XiaoFei , Cheng QingQing , Ye YangYang , Zhu YiMing 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA high extinction ratio (ER) electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) analogue based on single-layer metamaterial is designed and experimentally demonstrated in this paper. This design involves four mirror-like symmetrically coupled split ring resonators (SRRs) that exhibit a bright-dark-dark-bright mode configuration. The EIT-like effect is realized by coupling between the bright resonators and dark resonators. The high ER feature is achieved from the suppression of radiative losses, due to opposite directions of electric and magnetic dipoles of two dark modes in the unit cell. Classical coupled resonator model is used to theoretically analyze the device transmission performances and to characterize parameter influence of the ER. Both numerical simulation and experiment results demonstrate that the ER of this device can reach more than 21 dB, which is 11 dB higher than that of conventional bright-dark coupling SRR arrangement. Finally, the potential multi-channel sensing utility of this device is demonstrated to show the importance of high ER feature.
Rogdi Defines GABAergic Control of a Wake-promoting Dopaminergic Pathway to Sustain Sleep in Drosophila
Authors: Kim Minjong , Jang Donghoon , Yoo Eunseok , Oh Yangkyun , Sonn Jun Young , Lee Jongbin , Ki Yoonhee , Son Hyo Jin , Hwang Onyou , Lee Changwook , Lim Chunghun , Choe Joonho 
Published: September 2017

AbstractKohlschutter-Tönz syndrome (KTS) is a rare genetic disorder with neurological dysfunctions including seizure and intellectual impairment. Mutations at the Rogdi locus have been linked to development of KTS, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here we demonstrate that a Drosophila homolog of Rogdi acts as a novel sleep-promoting factor by supporting a specific subset of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transmission. Rogdi mutant flies displayed insomnia-like behaviors accompanied by sleep fragmentation and delay in sleep initiation. The sleep suppression phenotypes were rescued by sustaining GABAergic transmission primarily via metabotropic GABA receptors or by blocking wake-promoting dopaminergic pathways. Transgenic rescue further mapped GABAergic neurons as a cell-autonomous locus important for Rogdi-dependent sleep, implying metabotropic GABA transmission upstream of the dopaminergic inhibition of sleep. Consistently, an agonist specific to metabotropic but not ionotropic GABA receptors titrated the wake-promoting effects of dopaminergic neuron excitation. Taken together, these data provide the first genetic evidence that implicates Rogdi in sleep regulation via GABAergic control of dopaminergic signaling. Given the strong relevance of GABA to epilepsy, we propose that similar mechanisms might underlie the neural pathogenesis of Rogdi-associated KTS.
Low voltage field emission of single Cu nanowire in air with nanoscale gaps for vacuum electronics
Authors: Liu Meng , Yang Yang , Li Tie , Wang Yuelin 
Published: September 2017

Field emission applications to date including displays have featured electrode gaps in the micron scale or even larger. Devices such as vacuum field effect transistors demand smaller gaps for improved performance and continued scaling. The present work investigates nanoscale cathode–anode distances and evaluated field emission characteristics using a single Cu emitter. The gap was systematically varied between 20 and 80 nm with the aid of focused ion beam etching. Field emission was achieved at bias voltages below 5 V under atmospheric conditions with a 20 nm gap between the cathode and anode. The turn‐on voltage was 1.75 V and the maximum current reached 32.5 nA at 5 V. The emission current is dependent on the cathode–anode distance and decreases exponentially with increasing distance. The nanoscale gap allows lower drive voltages than in previous studies while providing large emission currents for a single emitter.
A deep X-ray view of the bare AGN Ark 120
Authors: Porquet D. , Reeves J. N. , Matt G. , Marinucci A. , Nardini E. , Braito V. , Lobban A. , Ballantyne D. R. , Boggs S. E. , Christensen F. E. , Dauser T. , Farrah D. , Garcia J. , Hailey C. J. , Harrison F. , Stern D. , Tortosa A. , Ursini F. , Zhang W. W. 
Published: September 2017

Context. The physical characteristics of the material closest to supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are primarily studied through X-ray observations. However, the origins of the main X-ray components such as the soft X-ray excess, the Fe Kα line complex, and the hard X-ray excess are still hotly debated. This is particularly problematic for active galactic nuclei (AGN) showing a significant intrinsic absorption, either warm or neutral, which can severely distort the observed continuum. Therefore, AGN with no (or very weak) intrinsic absorption along the line of sight, so-called “bare AGN”, are the best targets to directly probe matter very close to the SMBH.
Aims. We perform an X-ray spectral analysis of the brightest and cleanest bare AGN known so far, Ark 120, in order to determine the process(es) at work in the vicinity of the SMBH.
Methods. We present spectral analyses of data from an extensive campaign observing Ark 120 in X-rays with XMM-Newton (4 × 120 ks, 2014 March 18–24), and NuSTAR (65.5 ks, 2014 March 22).
Results. During this very deep X-ray campaign, the source was caught in a high-flux state similar to the earlier 2003 XMM-Newton observation, and about twice as bright as the lower-flux observation in 2013. The spectral analysis confirms the “softer when brighter” behavior of Ark 120. The four XMM-Newton/pn spectra are characterized by the presence of a prominent soft X-ray excess and a significant Fe Kα complex. The continuum is very similar above about 3 keV, while significant variability is present for the soft X-ray excess. We find that relativistic reflection from a constant-density, flat accretion disk cannot simultaneously produce the soft excess, broad Fe Kα complex, and hard X-ray excess. Instead, Comptonization reproduces the broadband (0.3–79 keV) continuum well, together with a contribution from a mildly relativistic disk reflection spectrum.
Conclusions. During this 2014 observational campaign, the soft X-ray spectrum of Ark 120 below ~0.5 keV was found to be dominated by Comptonization of seed photons from the disk by a warm (kTe ~ 0.5 keV), optically-thick corona (τ ~ 9). Above this energy, the X-ray spectrum becomes dominated by Comptonization from electrons in a hot optically thin corona, while the broad Fe Kα line and the mild Compton hump result from reflection off the disk at several tens of gravitational radii.
Nikolaus Rüdinger (1832–1896), His Description of Joint Innervation in 1857, and the History of Surgical Joint Denervation
Authors: Gohritz Andreas , Kaiser Erich , Guggenheim Merlin , Dellon Arnold 
Published: September 2017

Background Selective joint denervation has become a reliable palliative treatment, especially for painful joints in the upper and lower extremity.
Methods This article highlights the life and work of Nikolaus Rüdinger (1832–1896) who first described joint innervation which became the basis of later techniques of surgical joint denervation. The historical evolution of this method is outlined.
Results Rüdinger made a unique career from apprentice barber to military surgeon and anatomy professor in Munich, Germany. His first description of articular innervation of temporomandibular, shoulder, elbow, wrist, finger, sacroiliac, hip, knee, ankle, foot, and toe joints in 1857 stimulated the subsequent history of surgical joint denervation. Comparing his investigations with modern joint denervation methods, developed by pioneers like Albrecht Wilhelm or A. Lee Dellon, shows his great exactitude and anatomical correspondence despite different current terminology. Clinical series of modern surgical joint denervations reveal success rates of up to 80% with reliable long-term results.
Conclusion The history of joint denervation with Rüdinger as its important protagonist offers inspiring insights into the evolution of surgical techniques and exemplifies the value of descriptive functional anatomy, even if surgical application may not have been realized until a century later.
Hilft das auch langfristig?
Authors: Bräunig Jochen , Ellger Björn , Gottschalk Antje 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Auswirkungen auf das Langzeit-Outcome (Teil 2) Atemphysiotherapie kann sich positiv auf kritisch kranke und invasiv beatmete Patienten
auswirken. Diverse Studien, die sich mit diesem Thema befassen, haben wir Ihnen im ersten Teil des Beitrags vorgestellt. Im zweiten Teil
stellen wir Ihnen nun die Defizite der Studien vor und gehen der Frage nach, ob Atemphysiotherapie auch mit Blick auf das Langzeit-Outcome
von Intensivpatienten eine Rolle spielt.
Therapie der idiopathischen Fazialisparese (Bell’s palsy)
Authors: Heckmann Josef , Lang Christoph , Urban Peter , Glocker Franz , Weder Bruno , Reiter Gudrun , Bischoff Christian , Meier Uwe , Guntinas-Lichius Orlando 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungDie periphere Fazialisparese ist die häufigste Hirnnervenläsion und wird klinisch diagnostiziert. Neurophysiologische Zusatzuntersuchungen können ergänzend zur Differenzierung und Prognoseabschätzung herangezogen werden. Der Anteil idiopathischer Fazialisparesen beträgt 60 – 75 %. Die übrigen 25 – 40 % lassen sich mit einer definierten Ätiologie in Zusammenhang bringen. Am häufigsten sind dabei die Neuroborreliose und der Zoster oticus (Ramsay-Hunt-Syndrom), seltener andere Infektionen. Weitere mögliche Auslöser sind die Sarkoidose (Heerfordt-Syndrom), das Sjögren-Syndrom, eine Meningeosis carcinomatosa, das Melkersson-Rosenthal-Syndrom, das Guillain-Barré-Syndrom, raumfordernde Prozesse im Kleinhirnbrückenwinkel, Frakturen des Felsenbeins, Parotistumoren und otogene Prozesse.Patienten mit idiopathischer Fazialisparese sollen mit Glukokortikoiden behandelt werden. Steroide begünstigen die vollständige Rückbildung und verringern das Risiko von Synkinesien, autonomen Störungen sowie Kontrakturen (Number needed to treat [NNT] 10; 95 % KI 6 – 20). Eine zusätzliche virustatische Therapie kann bei nur dezentem zusätzlichen Nutzen (< 7 %) nicht generell empfohlen werden. Patienten mit Fazialisparesen durch eine definierte Ätiologie werden ursachenbezogen behandelt. In der klinischen Praxis bewährt hat sich die symptomatische Therapie (Dexpanthenol-Augensalbe, Uhrglasverband) zum Schutz der Hornhaut. Eine zusätzliche Übungsbehandlung ist aus psychologischen Gründen angeraten. Nach Defektheilung können Methoden der Lidbeschwerung oder eine Tarsorrhaphie zur Erzielung eines hinreichenden Lidschlusses durchgeführt werden. In Einzelfällen sind operative mikrochirurgische Behandlungsmöglichkeiten zur Reanimation des N. fazialis in Betracht zu ziehen. Bei Schwangeren gelten grundsätzlich die gleichen diagnostischen und therapeutischen Prinzipien.
Differential diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease using spectrochemical analysis of blood
Authors: Paraskevaidi Maria , Morais Camilo L. M. , Lima Kássio M. G. , Snowden Julie S. , Saxon Jennifer A. , Richardson Anna M. T. , Jones Matthew , Mann David M. A. , Allsop David , Martin-Hirsch Pierre L. , Martin Francis L. 
Published: September 2017

Significance
Vibrational spectroscopy is an ideal technique for analysis of biofluids, as it provides a “spectral fingerprint” of all of the molecules present within a biological sample, thus generating a holistic picture of the sample’s status. Neurodegenerative diseases lack early and accurate diagnosis, and tests currently used for their detection are either invasive or expensive and time-consuming. This study used blood plasma to diagnose and differentiate various neurodegenerative diseases; the achieved sensitivities and specificities are equal to, or even higher than, the ones obtained by clinical/molecular methods. Herein, we show that spectroscopy could provide a simple and robust diagnostic test. Additional work should include asymptomatic individuals for an early screening test and exploration of neurodegenerative diseases at all stages of severity.
Ultrafast fluorescent decay induced by metal-mediated dipole–dipole interaction in two-dimensional molecular aggregates
Authors: Hu Qing , Jin Dafei , Xiao Jun , Nam Sang Hoon , Liu Xiaoze , Liu Yongmin , Zhang Xiang , Fang Nicholas X. 
Published: September 2017

Significance
Quantitative understanding of the ultrafast energy transfer between fluorescent nanoemitters and the environment is essential in nanophotonics and optoelectronics and beneficial to many industrial applications. For nanoemitters like single or colloidal dye molecules or quantum dots, their fluorescence decay near a metallic substrate can be described by a noninteracting single-dipole picture. In this work, we find a dominant fluorescent decay channel in a 2D molecular aggregate as a result of the strong and coherent dipole–dipole interaction mediated by a metallic substrate. This unique mechanism leads to an ultrafast fluorescent decay and 10-times greater energy dissipation rate than expected. Our finding opens up a unique way to manipulate energy transfer and to develop light-energy devices on the molecular level.
Discrete modes of social information processing predict individual behavior of fish in a group
Authors: Harpaz Roy , Tkačik Gašper , Schneidman Elad 
Published: September 2017

SignificanceThe way that individuals interact and coordinate their motion in a group is fundamental to the nature of individual and group behavior. Here, we inferred interaction rules that govern individual swimming behavior of adult zebrafish in a group. We show that fish alternate between apparent “active” and “passive” behavioral modes, which we describe using mode-dependent spatiotemporal models of social and sensory computation. This modeling framework closely matches the behavior of individual fish in a group, surpassing previously suggested models that use a universal, ongoing computation. We conclude that group behavior depends on both the computation used by the fish and their current behavioral mode and that the way that fish alternate between modes can shape collective behavior of the group.