bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of 3D Measurement System Using Phase Shift Digital Holography
Authors: YU QIYUE , TAGUCHI RYO , HOGURO MASAHIRO , HORIMAI HIDEYOSHI , UMEZAKI TAIZOU 
Published: December 2015

SUMMARYThe demand for three‐dimensional (3D) measurement technology has been increasing, but in many of the traditional 3D measurement methods, such as the method using phase shift pattern projection, it is difficult to measure the shape of specular‐reflective and transparent objects, because the power of the light reflected from specular reflective objects is too high and that from transparent objects is too low. Consequently, digital cameras cannot acquire accurate information from reflected light. Digital holography has been used as a means of resolving this problem. In traditional digital holography, the interference fringes of the light from the object being measured and the reference light can be captured by a digital camera. Using the Fresnel diffraction principle, the phase information in the light from the object being measured can be acquired and the shape of the object can be calculated by interferometry. Digital holography can be used to measure reflective and transparent objects. However, by the principle of Fresnel diffraction, dc and conjugate components exist in the calculated phase information a noises, so that the accuracy of measurements is reduced. Phase shift digital holography can remove noise by using special devices to change the phase of the reference light, but the devices are costly and the systems are complex, so that practical application of phase shift digital holography has been difficult. In this paper, we propose a new method of phase shift digital holography using the light detection principle. We also propose a digital holography reconstruction method using the convolution approach rather than the traditional Fresnel approach. The proposed method results in a compact phase shift holography system with lower cost and greater accuracy than the 3D measurement method. Therefore, the practical applications of digital holography can be realized less expensively and more accurately.
Energetically Self‐Sustaining Electric Power Generation System Based on the Combined Cycle of Electrostatic Induction Hydrogen Electrolyzer and Fuel Cell
Authors: ONO KATSUTOSHI 
Published: December 2015

SUMMARYToward achieving a breakthrough in self‐sustaining electric power generation systems consisting of a hydrogen energy cycle, we demonstrate an electrostatic induction potential superposed hydrogen electrolyzer to produce stoichiometric H‐O fuel for fuel cells. This electrolytic system operates by a mechanism in which the total power requirement is given by the product of the electrolytic current and the additional voltage over the decomposition voltage. In order to achieve the highest energy efficiency for the fuel cell and full sustainability for the fuel, a combined cycle of an H‐O fuel cell and this type of electrolyzer is introduced. Part of the power delivered by the fuel cell is returned to the electrolyzer, and the remainder represents the net power output. According to theoretical calculations, the net power output exceeds 70% of that delivered by the H‐O fuel cell, without violating the laws of thermodynamics.
Microparticles manipulation and enhancement of their separation in pinched flow fractionation by insulator‐based dielectrophoresis
Authors: Khashei Hesamodin , Latifi Hamid , Seresht Mohsen Jamshidi , Ghasemi Amir Hossein Baradaran 
Published: December 2015

The separation and manipulation of microparticles in lab on a chip devices have importance in point of care diagnostic tools and analytical applications. The separation and sorting of particles from biological and clinical samples can be performed using active and passive techniques. In passive techniques, no external force is applied while in active techniques by applying external force (e.g. electrical), higher separation efficiency is obtained. In this article, passive (pinched flow fractionation) and active (insulator‐based dielectrophoresis) methods were combined to increase the separation efficiency at lower voltages. First by simulation, appropriate values of geometry and applied voltages for better focusing, separation, and lower Joule heating were obtained. Separation of 1.5 and 6 μm polystyrene microparticles was experimentally obtained at optimized geometry and low total applied voltage (25 V). Also, the trajectory of 1.5 μm microparticles was controlled by adjusting the total applied voltage.
The Bouverie Information and Assessment Schema (B.I.A.S.)
Authors: Pawsey Richard , Firestone Andrew 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThe Bouverie information and Assessment Schema (B.I.A.S) has been designed to assist family therapists in the organization of case material. It is intended for use in the review of individual sessions, or of a whole therapy (in Assessment and Termination Summaries), and is thus suitable for case recording. It is specifically designed for use by family therapists taking a Systemic/Strategic approach to therapy. It is not a guide for interviewing in family therapy. A case example illustrates its use.
Intravenous Sulfamethoxazole‐Trimethoprim: Pharmacokinetics, Therapeutic Indications, and Adverse Reactions
Authors: Gleckman Richard , Gantz Nelson M. , Joubert Dennis W. 
Published: December 2015

Biogenesis of tetrahydrofolate cofactors essential for bacterial growth and survival is blocked by sulfamethoxazole‐trimethoprim. An intravenous form of the antimicrobial combination has recently been approved for the treatment of acute, symptomatic, bacterial pyelonephritis, recurrent urinary tract infections, shigellosis, and Pneumocystis carinii pneumona. Intravenous sulfamethoxazole‐trimethoprim has emerged as an invaluable agent for the management of selected infections, including bacterial meningitis and Salmonella bacteremia, where limited therapeutic alternatives exist. In addition, co‐administration of intravenous sulfamethoxazole‐trimethoprim with a carboxypenicillin provides an empiric treatment for the infected granulocytopenic patient that compares favorably with standard combinations.Adverse events unique to the intravenous form of the drug consist of phlebitis and fluid imbalances. Fluid overload results from the relatively large volumes of 5% dextrose solution required as diluent.
Glycerol: A Review of Its Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, Adverse Reactions, and Clinical Use
Authors: Frank Michael S. B. , Nahata Milap C. , Hilty Milo D. 
Published: December 2015

Glycerol is a potent osmotic dehydrating agent with additional effects on brain metabolism. In doses of 0.25‐2.0 g/kg glycerol decreases intracranial pressure in numerous disease states, including Reye's syndrome, stroke, encephalitis, meningitis, pseudotumor cerebri, central nervous system tumor, and space occupying lesions. It is also effective in lowering intraocular pressure in glaucoma and shrinking the brain during neurosurgical procedures.Hyperosmolality with rebound cerebral overhydration is of concern, especially in patients with altered blood brain barriers. They may be avoided if glycerol is administered on an intermittent rather than a continuous basis. Intravascular hemolysis does not occur with oral use. When administered intravenously, hemolysis can be minimized by using glycerol 10% in dextrose 5% with normal saline at rates of 6 mg/kg/min or less. However, intravenous doses of 1–2 g/kg every 2 hr can be administered safely in severe cases of elevated ICP. In such patients, glycerol serum concentration, serum osmolality and ICP monitoring are required to optimize glycerol therapy.
Pharmacology, Clinical Efficacy, and Adverse Effects of Piroxicam, A New Nonsteroidal Anti‐Inflammatory Agent
Authors: Dahl Stephen L. , Ward John R. 
Published: December 2015

Piroxicam, a new non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug, possesses analgesic, antipyretic, and anti‐inflammatory properties and inhibits platelet aggregation in animal models. Its elimination half‐life is 38 hours, and hepatic metabolism to inactive metabolites is the primary route of elimination. Less than 10% of a dose appears unchanged in the urine. Clinical studies demonstrate that piroxicam's analgesic and anti‐inflammatory properties are useful in the management of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Limited clinical studies suggest that piroxicam may be useful in the management of acute gouty arthritis, anklyosing spondylitis, acute musculoskeletal disorders, and as an analgesic.The gastrointestinal system is the major site of adverse effects. Piroxicam is currently marketed in 20 mg capsules and once daily dosing has proven effective for many patients.
The Effect of Cimetidine on Serum Concentrations of Piroxicam
Authors: Mailhot Claude , Dahl Stephen L. , Ward John R. 
Published: December 2015

To evaluate the effect of cimetidine on serum concentrations of piroxicam, we administered a single 20‐mg oral dose of piroxicam to 10 healthy male volunteers on 2 occasions. The first was given on day 1 of the study and the second on day 15, 7 days after starting cimetidine 300 mg orally 4 times a day. Nineteen blood samples were drawn for 7 days after each piroxicam dose to characterize its pharmacokinetics. Piroxicam was analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The mean piroxicam elimination rate constants (Kel), elimination half‐lives, and area under the serum concentration‐time curves (AUC) were as follows (mean ± standard deviation):Data were analyzed with a Wilcoxon matched‐pairs, signed‐ranks, two‐tailed statistical test. Although the increase in AUC was statistically significant, it was of low amplitude (mean 15%) and is probably not clinically significant. The results of this study suggest that cimetidine does not significantly alter the elimination kinetics of a single dose of piroxicam in young healthy males. Additional investigation is needed to confirm these findings in other patient populations.
American Society of Andrology Its Beginnings
Authors: ROSEMBERG EUGENIA 
Published: December 2015

The term “andrology” was introduced in 1951 by Harald Siebke, a Professor of Gynecology in Bonn, Germany. However, many years passed before the term gained acceptance. It was not until 1969 when, due to the efforts of Dr. Carl Schirren of Hamburg, Germany that the first scientific journal dedicated to the subject titled Andrologie initiated its publication in West Germany (Schirren, 1985). Andrology now is recognized as an area of science and medicine which fosters a multidisciplinary and multifaceted approach to the study of male reproduction. Andrology encompasses both basic and clinical sciences. It includes research in biochemistry, genetics, histology, immunology, molecular biology, pathology, pharmacology, physiology, and endocrinology. It also includes urology, microsurgery, gynecology, internal medicine, pediatrics, psychology, and animal husbandry.The American Society of Andrology came into being not as an isolated development but as a consequence of events promoted by individuals deeply committed to the study of male reproduction. The first of these events took place in the U.S.A. when Drs. W. O. Nelson and C. H. LeBlond suggested that a club of scientists interested in the study of male reproduction be organized. At that time, Dr. E. Steinberger became actively involved in the organization of the club, which held its first meeting in 1968. The club became known as the Warren O. Nelson Club, and held meetings for the following four years. Although it was proposed that the club become a society, the idea did not materialize.
Job engagement, perceived organizational support, high‐performance human resource practices, and cultural value orientations: A cross‐level investigation
Authors: Zhong Lifeng , Wayne Sandy J. , Liden Robert C. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryDrawing on social exchange theory, we developed and tested a cross‐level model of organizational‐level predictors of job engagement. Specifically, we examined the impact of high‐performance human resource (HR) practices on employee engagement and work outcomes. Based on a sample of 605 employees, their immediate supervisors, and HR managers from 130 companies, our results indicated that high‐performance HR practices were directly related to job engagement as well as indirectly related through employees' perceived organizational support. In turn, job engagement was positively related to in‐role performance and negatively related to intent to quit. Culture was found to act as a critical contextual factor, as our results also revealed that the relationship between HR practices and perceived organizational support was stronger when collectivism was high and when power distance orientation was low. Overall, the findings shed new light on the processes and conditions through which employee work‐related outcomes are enhanced owing to high‐performance HR practices. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of high pressure processing on dispersive and aggregative properties of almond milk
Authors: Dhakal Santosh , Giusti M Monica , Balasubramaniam VM 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDA study was conducted to investigate the impact of high pressure (450 and 600 MPa at 30 °C) and thermal (72, 85 and 99 °C at 0.1 MPa) treatments on dispersive and aggregative characteristics of almond milk. Experiments were conducted using a kinetic pressure testing unit and water bath. Particle size distribution, microstructure, UV absorption spectra, pH and color changes of processed and unprocessed samples were analyzed.RESULTSRaw almond milk represented the mono model particle size distribution with average particle diameters of 2 to 3 µm. Thermal or pressure treatment of almond milk shifted the particle size distribution towards right and increased particle size by five‐ to six‐fold. Micrographs confirmed that both the treatments increased particle size due to aggregation of macromolecules. Pressure treatment produced relatively more and larger aggregates than those produced by heat treated samples. The apparent aggregation rate constant for 450 MPa and 600 MPa processed samples were k450MPa,30°C = 0.0058 s−1 and k600MPa,30°C = 0.0095 s−1 respectively.CONCLUSIONSThis study showed that dispersive and aggregative properties of high pressure and heat‐treated almond milk were different due to differences in protein denaturation, particles coagulation and aggregates morphological characteristics. Knowledge gained from the study will help food processors to formulate novel plant‐based beverages treated with high pressure. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
A flexible approach to the objective verification of warnings
Authors: Sharpe Michael A. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTWarning services are popular due to their conceptually simple nature; however, a simple approach to their verification can lead to misleading results, from which it can be difficult to diagnose poor from excellent performance, and when improvement is required it is often difficult to know where efforts should be focused. A flexible, systematic approach to the verification of warnings enables the performance to be evaluated in terms of space, time, intensity and confidence. This paper describes such an approach, which has been implemented at the Met Office. Flexibility is achieved via the introduction, and separate categorization, of near‐hit and compound event types, enabling the spatial, temporal and effectual accuracy to be examined and the most significant errors diagnosed. An illustrative example of this methodology is included in this paper.
Determination of subcell I–V characteristics of multijunction solar cells using optical coupling
Authors: Nesswetter Helmut , Jost Norman R. , Lugli Paolo , Bett Andreas W. , Zimmermann Claus G. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA method for the determination of the subcell I–V characteristics of multijunction solar cells in the presence of optical coupling is presented and applied to a Ga0.50In0.50P/Ga0.99In0.01As/Ge triple‐junction solar cell. Each of the subcells is described by a two‐diode model and can be illuminated by a narrowband light source externally. Optical coupling is then used explicitly to generate current in one subcell, which is not illuminated externally. This approach yields the magnitude of optical coupling and a relationship between the two diode parameters of each subcell. The remaining cell parameters are determined with the help of pulsed illumination. In this fashion, the open circuit voltage of individual subcells is accessible, despite the fact that not all junctions are illuminated. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Random poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐co‐3‐cyanothiophene‐co‐3‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophene) copolymers with high open‐circuit voltage in polymer solar cells
Authors: Rudenko Andrey E. , Khlyabich Petr P. , Thompson Barry C. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTFor the purpose of developing poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) based copolymers with deep‐lying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels for polymer solar cells with high open‐circuit voltage (Voc), we report a combined approach of random incorporation of 3‐cyanothiophene (CNT) and 3‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophene (EHT) units into the P3HT backbone. This strategy is designed to overcome CNT content limitations in recently reported P3HT‐CNT copolymers, where incorporation of more than 15% of CNT into the polymer backbone leads to impaired polymer solubility and raises the HOMO level. This new approach allows incorporation of a larger CNT content, reaching even lower‐lying HOMO levels. Importantly, a very low HOMO level of −5.78 eV was obtained, representing one of the lowest HOMO values for exclusively thiophene‐based polymers. Lower HOMO levels result in higher Voc and higher power conversion efficiencies (PCE) compared to the previously reported P3HT‐CNT copolymers containing only 3‐hexylthiophene and CNT units. As a result, solar cells based on P3HT‐CNT‐EHT(15:15), which contains 70% of P3HT, 15% of CNT and 15% of EHT, yield a Voc of 0.83 V in blends with PC61BM while preserving high fill factor (FF) and high short‐circuit current density (Jsc), resulting in 3.6% PCE. Additionally, we explored the effect of polymer number‐average molecular weight (Mn) on the optoelectronic properties and solar cell performance for the example of P3HT‐CNT‐EHT(15:15). The organic photovoltaic (OPV) performance improves with polymer Mn increasing from 3.4 to 6.7 to 9.6 kDa and then it declines as Mn further increases to 9.9 and to 16.2 kDa. The molecular weight study highlights the importance of not only the solar cell optimization, but also the significance of individual polymer properties optimization, in order to fully explore the potential of any given polymer in OPVs. The broader ramification of this study lies in potential application of these high band gap copolymers with low‐lying HOMO level in the development of ternary blend photovoltaics as well as tandem OPV. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 1526–1536
Vinyl phenylboronic acid controlling co‐monomer for nitroxide mediated synthesis of thermoresponsive poly(2‐N morpholinoethyl methacrylate)
Authors: Savelyeva Xeniya , Chondon David , Marić Milan 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTLow concentrations of 4‐vinylphenylboronic acid (VPBA) were copolymerized with 2‐N‐morpholinoethyl methacrylate (MEMA) by nitroxide mediated polymerization using BlocBuilder™ unimolecular initiator at 80 to 90 °C. The MEMA/VPBA copolymerizations were performed at initial feed compositions (fVPBA,0) of 0.05 to 0.10 VPBA, with fVPBA,0 = 0.10 using dimethylacetamide (DMAc) solvent being most effective, as seen by a linear increase in number average molecular weight, Mn, versus conversion and low dispersity, Đ < 1.40. The copolymers were further chain‐extended with a second batch of VPBA, resulting in a block copolymer with monomodal molecular weight distribution and Đ = 1.66. For MEMA/VPBA copolymers, increases in VPBA composition and polymer solution concentration resulted in decreases in the cloud point temperature (CPT, typically varied between 27.4–37.8 °C) and CPT increased from 31.2 to 33.8 °C to about 88 °C with decreases in pH from 7 to 4. Rheological tests with small angle light scattering (SALS) confirmed CPTs measured by UV‐Vis and DLS. These copolymers were targeted as models to combine possible glucose‐sensing boronic acid functionality the thermoresponsiveness provided by MEMA groups. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 1560–1572
Phosphorsulfobromid
Authors: van Arkel A. E. , Lebbink F. J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBei Einwirkung von Brom auf ein Gemisch von Schwefel und Phosphor unter Schwefelkohlenstoff entsteht hauptsächlich die in der Überschrift genannte Verbindung PSBr3. Im Folgenden wird gezeigt, dass diese Verbindung in vielen Eigenschaften an Tetrabromkohlenstoff erinnert; wie letztere ist auch Phosphorsulfobromid eine Verbindung mit stark abgeschirmtem Zentralion. Sie bildet mit Wasser kein Hydrat: die Verbindungen PSBr3. H2O, PS2Br6, P2S3Br4, die in der älteren Literatur genannt werden, sind zu streichen.
Die Diffusion von Wasserstoff durch Eisen bei Zimmertemperatur
Authors: de Boer J. H. , Fast J. D. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWhen sheets of iron are brought into contact with aqueous solutions of definite pH‐values, a diffusion of hydrogen through the iron takes place in all cases where the liquid dissolves iron under development of hydrogen. No diffusion takes place if the pH‐value of the liquid is such, that there is no evolution of nascent hydrogen. This proves that atoms of hydrogen formed by the chemical reaction may enter the iron but that the hydrogen ions contained in the solutions are unable to do so.In accordance with these results it was found that hydrogen atoms formed in hydrogen gas by means of an incandescent tungsten coil may enter readily into iron plates at room temperature. A vessel, having a wall of iron and filled with hydrogen can be evacuated in this way. As hydrogen can only diffuse through the iron from the side where atoms are produced, it accumulates on the other side of the iron wall and diffusion takes place against an atmosphere of hydrogen of any pressure.
Die Ramanspektren und die Molekülstrukturen des Selenoxychlorids und des Thionylchlorids
Authors: Gerding H. , Smit E. , Westrik R. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDas Ramanspektrum des flüssigen Selenoxychlorids wurde zum ersten Male bestimmt und der Polarisationszustand der Ramanlinien gemessen. Das Molekül besitzt die Formel O = SeCl2.In Zusammenhang mit den bei dieser, im Blau ziemlich stark absorbierenden Substanz angetroffenen Schwierigkeiten, bezüglich der genauen Festlegung des Polarisationszustands von allen Ramanlinien, ist, lediglich auf Grund dieser Messungen, nicht mit Sicherkeit festzustellen, ob das Molekül eine ebene oder eine pyramidale Konfiguration besitzt. Ein Vergleich mit SOCl2 und andere Erwägungen führen aber dazu, der letztgenannten Konfiguration den Vorzug zu geben. Die Atome befinden sich dann in den Scheitelpunkten einer dreiseitigen unregelmässigen Pyramide.Der Depolarisationsgrad der Ramanlinien des Thionylchlorids wurde nochmals bestimmt. Die Ergebnisse sind im Einklang mit dem schon von Cabannes und Rousset gezogenen Schluss, dass das Thionylchlorid eine unregelmässige Pyramide bildet, die nur noch eine Symmetrieebene besitzt.