bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospice and palliative social workers' experiences with clients at risk of suicide
Authors: Washington Karla T. , Albright David L. , Parker Oliver Debra , Gage L. Ashley , Lewis Alexandria , Mooney Megan J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjective:We sought to determine the frequency with which hospice and palliative social workers encounter patients, family caregivers, and other clients at risk of suicide, and to discover the extent to which hospice and palliative social workers feel prepared to address issues related to suicide in their professional practice.Method:We conducted a cross-sectional survey of hospice and palliative social workers, recruiting a convenience sample of volunteer respondents through advertisements at professional conferences and listservs, and via social media accounts associated with national organizations, state hospice and palliative care associations, and individual healthcare professionals.Results:Most respondents reported having worked with patients, family caregivers, or other clients who had exhibited warning signs of suicide during the previous year. Fewer respondents indicated that they had worked with patients and family members who had attempted or died by suicide. While the majority of respondents believed they possessed sufficient knowledge and skills to intervene effectively with individuals at risk of suicide, they indicated that additional education on this topic would be valuable for their professional practice.Significance of results:These study results suggest that suicide-related competencies are important in the practice of hospice and palliative social work. Future education and training efforts should include skill development in addition to knowledge building.
Traumatic Brain Injury Caused by Motor Vehicle Collision and Alcoholism in Piauí
Authors: Vale Benjamim , Castro Juçara , Araújo Marx , Morais Herb , Macêdo Lívio 
Published: May 2016

Objectives To determine the relationship between alcohol consumption and the incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) with diffuse axonal injury (DAI), determining these indices, checking acquired comorbidities and characterizing the patients by gender, age and race/color, as well as describing the characteristics of the motor vehicle collision (vehicle, period of the day, day of the week and site) in people admitted to an emergency hospital in the city of Teresina, in the state of Piauí, Brazil.
Methods We have analyzed the data contained in the medical records of patients admitted with a history of motor vehicle collision and severe TBI in intensive care units, based on the forms provided by the Mobile Emergency Care Service (SAMU, in the Portuguese acronym) in the period between February 28 and November 28, 2013.
Results In the period covered by the present study, 200 individuals were analyzed, and 54 (27%) had consumed alcohol; of these 11 had DAI. Of the total sample, 17% (34) presented DAI, however, with unknown data regarding the consumption of alcoholic beverages.
Conclusion Considering the data, we observed that the profile of the head trauma patients are brown men, mostly (53.5%) aged between 15 and 30 years. The collisions occurred mostly on weekends and at night (55%), and 89.5% of the crashes involved motorcycles.
5.2.17.9 Acylstannanes (Including S, Se, and Te Analogues) (Update 2014)
Authors: Wyatt P. B. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 5.2.17) describing synthetic methods that involve acylstannanes and analogues incorporating heavier chalcogens. This update focuses on applications of acylstannanes reported in the period 2000–2013. These include cross-coupling reactions with carbon electrophiles and transition-metal-catalyzed additions to carbon-carbon multiple bonds.
5.2.18.8 Imidoylstannanes, Diazoalkylstannanes, Tin Isocyanates, and Tin Isothiocyanates (Update 2014)
Authors: Wyatt P. B. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 5.2.18) describing synthetic methods that involve imidoylstannanes, diazoalkylstannanes, tin isocyanates, and tin isothiocyanates. It focuses on applications of these compounds reported in the period 2000–2013.
6.1.42 Product Subclass 42: N-Heterocyclic Carbene Borane Complexes
Authors: Vallet A.-L. , Lacôte E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractN-Heterocyclic carbene borane complexes are a family of new reagents for organic chemistry and polymer synthesis. This chapter summarizes first the preparations and modifications of these reagents. It then focuses on the applications of the title compounds as radical hydrogen-atom donors, hydrides, hydroborating reagents, and radical photopolymerization initiators.
Diagnostic Delay and Antibiotic Overuse in Acute Pulmonary Blastomycosis
Authors: Alpern Jonathan D. , Bahr Nathan C. , Vazquez-Benitez Gabriela , Boulware David R. , Sellman Jonathan S. , Sarosi George A. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The diagnosis of blastomycosis is often delayed. We identified 28 cases of pulmonary blastomycosis in a retrospective chart review. Most patients received multiple antibiotic courses before being diagnosed, and the sputum KOH smear was rarely used. Diagnostic delay can be decreased with higher suspicion for pulmonary blastomycosis and early use of the sputum KOH smear.
Impact of Physical Therapy for a Patient with Multiple Limb Amputations Secondary to Legionnaires' Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Taylor Sally Marie 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Background and Purpose
Collaboration between the physical therapist and prosthetist is essential for patients with any type of amputation. This case report describes a patient with multiple limb amputations due to medical complications resulting from community acquired Legionnaires' disease (LD). The physical therapy evaluation, examination, diagnosis, interventions, and outcomes along with collaboration with the prosthetist are discussed.

Case Description
A 55-year-old previously healthy male contracted LD and subsequently developed multiple medical complications in acute care. This resulted in left transradial and bilateral transtibial amputations due to hypotension-induced ischemia from sepsis. A 2-month course of inpatient rehabilitation is described, including changes in functional status and progression to safe discharge home.

Outcomes
Physical therapy interventions resulted in an improvement from total assist for all functional mobility to ambulating at a standby assist level with bilateral lower limb and left upper limb prosthesis. He improved his 10-m walk test score from 0.07 to 0.60 m/s, 6-minute walk test to 133 m, and timed up and go test to 47 seconds.

Discussion
A comprehensive list of physical therapy interventions needs to be included for successful rehabilitation of a medically complex patient with multiple limb amputations. Collaboration with the prosthetist is inherent and critical. Future research may include a series of case reports or a study using practice-based evidence. This would allow for more associations to be made regarding interventions for patients with multiple limb amputations.
India – The evolution and corruption of licensing
Authors: Sutherland Ewan 
Published: May 2016

PurposeThis paper aims to review the licensing in India, including the development of universal licences and of the now infamous 2G spectrum scam.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is a case study drawing on a side range of official documents, including inquiry reports, policies, licences and court judgements.FindingsLiberalisation of the sector introduced opportunities for lobbying and corruption that lead to very unusual market structures, with many operators and too little spectrum.Research limitations/implicationsInterviews with the principals were impossible.Practical implicationsIt is now necessary for the government to adopt good governance processes, especially in respect of 4G and th inevitable consolidation of operators in a fair and equitable manner.Social implicationsThe governance systems are incapable of controlling the corruption in the telecommunications sector and require substantial redesign.Originality/valueThe paper is the first to relate corporate political activity and corruption to outcomes in the telecommunications sector in India.
An analysis of the recent restructuring of network assets by the largest international mobile operators
Authors: Curwen Peter , Whalley Jason 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the extent to which the largest international mobile operators are restructuring their network assets to adapt to a rapidly changing environment.

Design/methodology/approach
A number of original databases have been constructed that identify the relevant operators, both current and over an eight-year period, where they operate on a regional basis, their purchases and sales of network assets during those eight years and their unfulfilled aspirations to buy and sell network assets.

Findings
It is reasonably evident that operators have clear strategic objectives when deciding where and when to expand their empires, and that they have a clear preference for regional clustering of assets. However, the paucity of desirable networks for sale means that asset buying has to be opportunistic and that operators come up against problems such as an unwelcoming government or a corrupt regime which makes operators come to regret their initial enthusiasm. In recent years, the emphasis has switched from building empires consisting solely of mobile networks towards the development of multi-play capabilities within a limited number of countries.

Practical implications
Databases are compiled by many organisations for their own purposes. They are usually difficult to interpret because of a lack of explanatory footnotes and often contain mistakes. The authors compile their own unique databases and, therefore, have a better understanding of the reasons why strategic decisions are made that affect the buying and selling of international assets.

Originality/value
The existence of these databases mean that the authors’ work is highly original, even though it is, of necessity, based upon public domain sources.
Spatial distribution of aquatic marine fungi across the western Arctic and sub‐arctic
Authors: Hassett Brandon T. , Ducluzeau Anne‐Lise L , Collins Roy E. , Gradinger Rolf 
Published: May 2016

SummaryFungi are important parasites of primary producers and nutrient cyclers in aquatic ecosystems. In the Pacific‐Arctic domain, fungal parasitism is linked to light intensities and algal stress that can elevate disease incidence on algae and reduce diatom concentrations. Fungi are vastly understudied in the marine realm and knowledge of their function is constrained by the current understanding of fungal distribution and drivers on global scales. To investigate the spatial distribution of fungi in the western Arctic and sub‐Arctic, we used high throughput methods to sequence 18S rRNA, cloned and sequenced 28S rRNA and microscopically counted chytrid‐infected diatoms. We identified a broad distribution of fungal taxa predominated by Chytridiomycota and Dikarya. Phylogenetic analysis of our Chytridiomycota clones placed Arctic marine fungi sister to the order Lobulomycetales. This clade of fungi predominated in fungal communities under ice with low snowpack. Microscopic examination of fixed seawater and sea ice samples revealed chytrids parasitizing diatoms collected across the Arctic that notably infected 25% of a single diatom species in the Bering Sea. The Pezizomycotina comprised > 95% of eukaryotic sequence reads in Greenland, providing preliminary evidence for osmotrophs being a substitute for algae as the base of food webs.
B‐type natriuretic peptide levels normalise in preterm infants without a patent ductus arteriosus by the fifth postnatal day
Authors: Tauber Kate A. , Doyle Robin , Granina Evgenia , Munshi Upender 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimFew published reports have established B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels in preterm infants without a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). This study addressed that gap in our knowledge by establishing a reference range for BNP levels during the first two weeks of life in preterm infants without a PDA.MethodsWe enrolled 36 preterm infants between 24 and 32 weeks of gestation in this prospective, noninterventional study. Infants with a PDA, congenital heart disease, possible or confirmed sepsis and, or, meningitis, or perinatal depression requiring chest compressions were excluded. BNP levels were measured on postnatal days one, five, 10 and 15, with an echocardiogram on day five. Statistical analyses were performed using the ANOVA and Mann–Whitney U‐tests.ResultsBNP levels were significantly higher on day one than on days five, 10 and 15, and there was no statistical difference between days five, 10 and 15. The levels were not statistically different between infants of less than and greater than 29 weeks of gestation.ConclusionBNP levels were significantly elevated on postnatal day one in preterm infants without a PDA, but then decreased by day five and continued to stay low after that. Gestational age did not have an effect on BNP levels.
Adenomas as a risk factor in familial colorectal cancer: implications for screening and surveillance in the UK
Authors: Buczacki S. J. A. , Wheeler J. M. D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) develops from normal epithelium, through dysplastic adenoma to invasive carcinoma. In addition to familial adenomatous polyposis and Lynch syndrome, approximately 10–35% of CRCs are familial in nature. CRC screening and surveillance programmes are based on an understanding of the natural history of polyps and rely on the ability to remove premalignant lesions endoscopically before they are capable of developing invasion. There are, however, significant differences in these guidelines between the UK and the USA in relation to the weight attributed to a family history of polyps. Here, using publicly available national data sets, we show that these differences in guidelines unexpectedly generate inadequate screening recommendations for second‐degree relatives of patients with CRC in the UK. We validate our simple mathematical modelling of the clinical problem on a regional data set as well as previously published study data to demonstrate the correct interpretation. We further discuss the implications of a family history of adenoma formation in the current climate of the Bowel Cancer Screening Programme and suggest a re‐evaluation of the UK guidelines in the light of this developing issue.
Prevalence of oral health‐related conditions that could trigger accidents for patients with moderate‐to‐severe dementia
Authors: Kobayashi Naoki , Soga Yoshihiko , Maekawa Kyoko , Kanda Yuko , Kobayashi Eiko , Inoue Hisako , Kanao Ayana , Himuro Yumiko , Fujiwara Yumi 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveThis study was performed to determine the prevalence of oral health conditions unnoticed by doctors and ward staff that may increase risk of incidents and/or accidents in hospitalised patients with moderate–severe dementia.Background data discussing the present status of the fieldDementia patients may not recognise risks in the mouth, such as tooth mobility or ill‐fitting dental prostheses and/or dentures. In addition to the risk of choking, injury by sharp edges of collapsed teeth or prosthodontics could pose risks. However, many previous publications were limited to case reports or series.Materials and methodsNinety‐two consecutive hospitalised dementia patients (M: 52, F: 40, median age: 82.5 years, range: 62–99 years, from 2011 to 2014), referred for dentistry for dysphagia rehabilitation, were enrolled in this study. Participants referred for dental treatment with dental problems detected by ward staff were excluded. All participants had a Global Clinical Dementia Rating Score >2. Their dental records were evaluated retrospectively for issues that may cause incidents and/or accidents.ResultsProblems in the mouth, for example tooth stumps, dental caries, and ill‐fitting dentures, were detected in 51.1% of participants (47/92). Furthermore, 23.9% (22/92) showed risk factors that could lead to incidents and/or accidents, for example falling out of teeth and/or prosthodontics or injury by sharp edges of teeth and/or prosthodontics.ConclusionsHospitalised moderate–severe dementia patients had a high prevalence of oral health conditions unnoticed by doctors and ward staff that may increase risk of incidents and/or accidents.
The effect of arabinoxylooligosaccharides on gastric sensory‐motor function and nutrient tolerance in man
Authors: Scarpellini E. , Deloose E. , Vos R. , Francois I. E. J. A. , Delcour J. A. , Broekaert W. F. , Verbeke K. , Tack J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundIntestinal microbiota regulates gastrointestinal sensory‐motor function. Prebiotics such as arabinoxylan‐oligosaccharide (AXOS) are non‐digestible, fermentable food ingredients beneficially affecting intestinal microbiota, colon activity, and improving human health. We wanted to investigate whether acute AXOS or maltodextrin (placebo) administration may alter gastric sensitivity (GS), accommodation (GA), nutrient tolerance (NT) in man.MethodsThirteen HV (6 M, 32.2 ± 1.8 years; BMI 22.3 ± 0.2) underwent two 48 h treatment periods with oral 4 × 9.4 g AXOS or 4 × 10 g maltodextrin (at least 1 week wash‐out) for gastric barostat assessment of GS, gastric compliance (GC), GA to a liquid test meal, on day 1, and NT drink test, on day 2. Oro‐cecal transit‐time (OCTT), colonic fermentation (CF) were assessed simultaneously with 13C‐lactose ureide, H2 breath tests.Key ResultsArabinoxylan‐oligosaccharide significantly increased CF on day 1 and 2 (565 ± 272 vs 100 ± 24, 365 ± 66 vs 281 ± 25 H2 ppm/min, AXOS vs maltodextrin, both p < 0.05), not the OCTT. AXOS did not alter GC, sensitivity before and after the meal. Gastric accommodation was not significantly influenced by AXOS (volume increment: 171 ± 33 vs 130 ± 28 mL, AXOS vs maltodextrin, p = NS). On day 1, AXOS fermentation was associated with significantly higher postprandial bloating scores (960 ± 235 vs 396 ± 138 mm*min, AXOS vs maltodextrin, p < 0.05). On day 2, AXOS did not affect maximal NT (946 ± 102 vs 894 ± 97 mL, AXOS vs maltodextrin, p = NS), increased the bloating score (1236 ± 339 vs 675 ± 197 mm*min, AXOS vs maltodextrin, p < 0.05).Conclusions & InferencesAcute AXOS administration, associated with increased CF, does not affect GA, is not associated with increased meal‐induced satiety or perception scores.
Resolving Peer Disagreements Through Imprecise Probabilities
Authors: Elkin Lee , Wheeler Gregory 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTwo compelling principles, the Reasonable Range Principle and the Preservation of Irrelevant Evidence Principle, are necessary conditions that any response to peer disagreements ought to abide by. The Reasonable Range Principle maintains that a resolution to a peer disagreement should not fall outside the range of views expressed by the peers in their dispute, whereas the Preservation of Irrelevant Evidence (PIE) Principle maintains that a resolution strategy should be able to preserve unanimous judgments of evidential irrelevance among the peers. No standard Bayesian resolution strategy satisfies the PIE Principle, however, and we give a loss aversion argument in support of PIE and against Bayes. The theory of imprecise probability allows one to satisfy both principles, and we introduce the notion of aset‐based credal judgmentto frame and address a range of subtle issues that arise in peer disagreements.
Pharmacological Treatment of Pain in Cancer Patients: The Role of Adjuvant Analgesics, a Systematic Review
Authors: van den Beuken‐van Everdingen Marieke H.J. , de Graeff Alexander , Jongen Joost L.M. , Dijkstra Denise , Mostovaya Irina , Vissers Kris C. ,   the national guideline working group “Diagnosis treatment of cancer pain”
Published: May 2016

AbstractContextIn patients with cancer, pain is one of the most feared and burdensome symptoms. Adjuvant analgesics are an important cornerstone on which treatment of pain in patients with cancer is based.ObjectivesTo update our guidelines for the treatment of pain in patients with cancer, we performed a systematic review on the use of adjuvant analgesics in pain in cancer.MethodsA systematic search of the literature was performed searching for articles that studied the effect of (1) antidepressants, (2) anti‐epileptics, (3) N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, and (4) other adjuvant analgesics in patients with cancer pain and described their effects on pain intensity and/or side effects.ResultsBased on the keywords and after reading the full papers, we could include 12 papers on anticonvulsants, 10 papers on antidepressants, four on NMDA receptor antagonists, and 10 papers on other adjuvant analgesics. The methodological quality of the included papers was graded as low to very low. Overall, there was a low quality of evidence that gabapentin, pregabalin, amitriptyline, and venlafaxine were effective in reducing pain intensity in patients with cancer pain. There was insufficient evidence on the effectiveness of lamotrigine, levetiracetam, NMDA antagonists, cannabinoids, corticosteroids, and local anesthetics on reducing pain intensity in patients with cancer pain.ConclusionThe quality of currently available evidence on the effectiveness of adjuvant analgesics in the treatment of cancer pain is low. The treatment of pain associated with cancer should be tailored to the patient's personal preferences.
Diabetes hinders community-acquired pneumonia outcomes in hospitalized patients
Authors: Martins M , Boavida J M , Raposo J F , Froes F , Nunes B , Ribeiro R T , Macedo M P , Penha-Gonçalves C 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesThis study aimed to estimate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and its impact on hospital length of stay and in-hospital mortality.Research design and methodsWe carried out a retrospective, nationwide register analysis of CAP in adult patients admitted to Portuguese hospitals between 2009 and 2012. Anonymous data from 157 291 adult patients with CAP were extracted from the National Hospital Discharge Database and we performed a DM-conditioned analysis stratified by age, sex and year of hospitalization.ResultsThe 74 175 CAP episodes that matched the inclusion criteria showed a high burden of DM that tended to increase over time, from 23.7% in 2009 to 28.1% in 2012. Interestingly, patients with CAP had high DM prevalence in the context of the national DM prevalence. Episodes of CAP in patients with DM had on average 0.8 days longer hospital stay as compared to patients without DM (p<0.0001), totaling a surplus of 15 370 days of stay attributable to DM in 19 212 admissions. In-hospital mortality was also significantly higher in patients with CAP who have DM (15.2%) versus those who have DM (13.5%) (p=0.002).ConclusionsOur analysis revealed that DM prevalence was significantly increased within CAP hospital admissions, reinforcing other studies’ findings that suggest that DM is a risk factor for CAP. Since patients with CAP who have DM have longer hospitalization time and higher mortality rates, these results hold informative value for patient guidance and healthcare strategies.