bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SIMULAÇÃO COMPUTACIONAL DE PROCESSO ALTERNATIVO PARA REFINODE ETANOL
Authors: Pitombeira Gabriel M. K. , Filho Elias Des Monteiro 
Published: June 2017

O etanol combustível é um importante componente na matriz energética brasileira. Industrialmente é produzido por fermentação alcoólica do caldo de cana, seguindo-se destilação para obtenção do etanol hidratado (92,6°GL) ou anidro (99°GL). Neste trabalho, avalia-se a viabilidade de uso da extração líquido-líquido (ExLL) como operação adicional no refino do etanol. Como principais vantagens,d estaca-se o baixo requerimento energético do processo e a possibilidade de remoção quase total do etanol da fase aquosa. A principal desvantagem é o acréscimo de um componente adicional, o que já ocorre no processo de destilaçãoa zeotrópica. Por meio de simulação computacional em software adequado, é possível comparar os requerimentos operacionais e energéticos dos processos original e alternativo sem a necessidade de testesl aboratoriais ou escala- piloto, reduzindo os custos e riscos.Utilizando-se o software ChemSep, de distribuição gratuita, foi posível descrever ambos os processos em umc omputador desktop. O projeto encontra-se ainda em andamento, mas resultados parciais indicam a viabilidade operacional do processo alternativo. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:extração líquido-líquido; produção de etanol; simulação computacional.
Culturas mistas de bactérias anaeróbias geradoras de H2 aplicadas no consumo de glicerol bruto gerado em usinas de biodiesel a partir de óleos residuais domésticos
Authors: Santana Kamili O. , Rodrigues Caroline Varella , Castelblanco Milena Nova , Maintinguer Sandra Imaculada 
Published: June 2017

O biodiesel é um biocombustível produzido principalmente através da reação de transesterificação, a partir de óleos ou gorduras e adição de um álcool e uma base forte como catalizador. Do total dessa reação, aproximadamente 10% é glicerol, que é separado da fração de ésteres resultantes (biodiesel). Quando utilizado na forma bruta (baixo grau de pureza) é uma matéria-prima barata e renovável, podendo ser utilizado como substrato na produção de energia limpa. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a geração de H2 em reatores anaeróbios em batelada utilizando glicerol bruto, além de caracterizar as culturas de bactérias anaeróbias presentes por técnicas de microbiologia clássica. O consórcio foi pré-tratado à quente a fim de inibir a geração de CH4. Os reatores foram operados com esgoto sanitário e glicerol bruto nas seguintes concentrações (g DQO L-1): 20, 40, 160, 240 e 320. A geração de H2 ocorreu em todos os reatores, no entanto, para cargas orgânicas mais elevadas foram observadas gerações reduzidas de H2. Não foi detectada a presença CH4 nos reatores. Foi verificada a presença de colônias bactérias pertencentes aos gêneros de Lactobacillus sp. e Clostridium sp. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: hidrogênio; consórcio bacteriano; óleo residual doméstico; processos fermentativos.
The fusion of original and symmetric virtual images for image preprocessing in face recognition and collaborative representation based classification
Authors: Liu Zhaojie , Liu Yirui 
Published: June 2017

Various poses, facial expressions and illuminations are the biggest challenges in the fields of face recognition. To overcome these challenges, we propose a simple yet novel method in this paper by using the approximately symmetrical virtual face. Firstly, based on the symmetrical characteristics of faces, we present the method to generate the virtual faces for all samples in detail. Secondly, the collaborative representation based classification method is performed on both of the original set and virtual set individually. In this way, two kinds of representation residuals of every class can be obtained. Thirdly, an adaptive weighted fusion approach is presented and utilized to integrate those two kinds of representation residuals for face recognition. Lastly, we can obtain the label of the test sample by assigning it to the class with the minimum fused residual. Several experiments are conducted which show that the proposed method not only can greatly improve the classification accuracy, but also can effectively reduce the negative influence of various poses, illuminations, and facial expressions.
Streaming potential during drainage and imbibition
Authors: Zhang Jiazuo , Vinogradov Jan , Leinov Eli , Jackson M. D. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe rock pore space in many subsurface settings is saturated with water and one or more immiscible fluid phases. Examples include nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) in contaminated aquifers, supercritical CO2 during sequestration in deep saline aquifers, the vadose zone, and hydrocarbon reservoirs. Self‐potential (SP) and seismoelectric (SE) methods have been proposed to monitor multiphase flow in such settings. However, to properly interpret and model these data requires an understanding of the saturation dependence of the streaming potential. This paper presents a methodology to determine the saturation dependence of the streaming potential coupling coefficient (C) and streaming current charge density (Qs) in unsteady state drainage and imbibition experiments and applies the method to published experimental data. Unsteady state experiments do not yield representative values of C and Qs (or other transport properties such as relative permeability and electrical conductivity) at partial saturation (Sw) because Sw within the sample is not uniform. An interpretation method is required to determine the saturation dependence of C and Qs within a representative elementary volume with uniform saturation. The proposed method makes no assumptions about the pore space geometry. Application of the method to published experimental data from two natural sandstone samples shows that C exhibits hysteresis between drainage and imbibition, can exhibit significant nonmonotonic variations with saturation, is nonzero at the irreducible water saturation, and can exceed the value observed at Sw = 1. Moreover, Qs increases with decreasing Sw but is not given by 1/Sw as is often assumed. The variation in Qs with Sw is very similar for a given sample and a given drainage or imbibition process, and the difference between samples is less than the difference between drainage and imbibition. The results presented here can be used to help interpret SP and SE measurements obtained in partially saturated subsurface settings.
Plasma folate levels and associated factors in women planning to become pregnant in a population with high prevalence of neural tube defects
Authors: Ma Rui , Wang Linlin , Jin Lei , Li Zhiwen , Ren Aiguo 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundOptimal blood folate levels of women before pregnancy are critical to the prevention of neural tube defects (NTDs). However, few studies have focused on blood folate levels of women planning to become pregnant. The aims of this study were to assess plasma folate levels in women who planned to become pregnant in a population with high prevalence of NTDs, to identify factors associated with plasma folate levels, and to evaluate the risk of NTDs at the population level.MethodsA total of 2065 women were enrolled at the time of premarital health check‐up in two rural counties in northern China from November 2009 to December 2012. Fasting venous blood samples were collected and plasma folate concentrations were measured by microbiological method.ResultsThe overall median of plasma folate was 10.5 nmol/L. 50% of the women had a plasma folate level below 10.5 nmol/L, a cutoff for megaloblastic anemia, and 88% below 18 nmol/L, a proposed optimal plasma folate level for the prevention of NTDs. Folic acid supplementation was the only factor to be associated with plasma folate concentrations, but only 1.9% of the women reported having taken folic acid supplements. A population risk of 29.3 NTD cases per 10,000 births was predicted.ConclusionWomen who planned to become pregnant had very low plasma folate in the population. Folic acid supplementation was the only factor to be associated with a high plasma folate concentration. High NTD risk would remain if women would get pregnant without having taken folic acid supplements. Birth Defects Research 109:1039–1047, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Wenn das Substrat sein Protein inhibiert
Authors: Dick Markus , Bisterfeld Carolin , Pietruszka Jörg 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHohe Konzentrationen an Acetaldehyd hemmen die Aldolase, das Enzym arbeitet nicht mehr. NMR‐Spektroskopie, Röntgenstruktur und biochemische Analysen zeigen, wie es dazu kommt. Und sie offenbaren eine Lösung: Wird eine Aminosäure ausgetauscht, ist das Enzym stabil und agiert so, wie es soll.
Zwischen Anode und Kathode
Authors: Gasteiger Hubert A. , Tsiouvaras Nikolaos , Strehle Benjamin , Solchenbach Sophie , Metzger Michael 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLithiumionenzellen zersetzen sich beim Laden und Entladen. Die Gasentwicklung dabei lässt sich mit elektrochemischer Massenspektrometrie verfolgen. Dafür gibt es eine Batterietestzelle mit separierten Elektrodenkompartments.
Naserümpfen oder Augenleuchten?
Authors: Gerhartz Wolfgang 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIm Jahr 1867 gründete sich die Deutsche Chemische Gesellschaft, die ältere der beiden Vorgängerorganisationen der GDCh. Bei der Vermittlung der Chemie an die Öffentlichkeit gilt noch heute: Chemie ist wie alle Naturwissenschaften in hohem Grad erklärungsbedürftig – aber eben auch ungeheuer faszinierend.
Investigation on Spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Synthesized by MnCO3 Prepared under Different Conditions for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xue Yuan , Wang Zhen‐Bo , Zheng Li–Li , Yu Fu‐Da , Liu Bao‐Sheng , Zhou Yu‐Xiang 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLiNi0.5Mn1.5O4(LNMO) is synthesized using MnCO3 as manganese source in this paper. MnCO3 is prepared by precipitation reaction between MnSO4 and NH4HCO3. Two different adding processes of precipitant, slow dropping and rapid addition, are compared. MnCO3 particles have core‐shell structure. When the precipitant is added slowly, the shell occupies a larger proportion in MnCO3 particles. Compared to slow dropping process, rapid addition of precipitant may reduce particle size and improve dispersity of MnCO3 and LNMO particles. LNMO prepared by large MnCO3 particles (>8 μm) and small MnCO3 particles (∼1 μm) have core‐shell structure and hollow structure, respectively. LNMO with hollow structure are not stable and break easily during cycling. Slow addition process for precipitant can improve the rate performance of LNMO. When the concentration of MnSO4 solution is 0.04 mol L−1 and precipitant is added slowly, LNMO exhibits the best electrochemical performances. Its particle size is 8 μm and its discharge capacities at 0.2C and 20 C are 123 and 62 mAh g−1, respectively. After 500 cycles at 1 C, its discharge capacity is still as high as 114.1mAh g−1, which maintains 92.4 % of its initial capacity.
Robust Imidazole‐15N2 Synthesis for High‐Resolution Low‐Field (0.05 T) 15N Hyperpolarized NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Shchepin Roman V. , Barskiy Danila A. , Coffey Aaron M. , Feldman Matthew A. , Kovtunova Larisa M. , Bukhtiyarov Valerii I. , Kovtunov Kirill V. , Goodson Boyd M. , Koptyug Igor V. , Chekmenev Eduard Y. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNMR hyperpolarization techniques have the potential to revolutionize the field of NMR spectroscopy and molecular MRI because they can transiently enhance nuclear spin polarization by 4–8 orders of magnitude, with corresponding gains in NMR signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). The SABRE‐SHEATH (Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange in SHield Enables Alignment Transfer to Heteronuclei) technique, first demonstrated in 2015, allows for direct, efficient (>20 % nuclear spin polarization), and fast (in under one minute) hyperpolarization of 15N sites. Several classes of biologically relevant 15N hyperpolarized contrast agents have been efficiently hyperpolarized to date including pH sensors, which can be potentially useful for non‐invasive pH imaging of cancer and other diseases with altered metabolism. Here, we report the optimized 15N enrichment of imidazole‐15N2 – a promising in vivo pH sensor with pKa ∼ 7.0. A hyperpolarized 0.1 M aqueous solution (ϵ15N ∼ 146,000 fold, P15N ∼ 0.24 %) was used to record 15N NMR spectra at 0.05 T, demonstrating the feasibility of high‐resolution (full width at half maximum ∼ 1 Hz corresponding to 5 ppm at 0.05 T) NMR spectroscopy near its pKa (7.0) at ultra‐low magnetic field. Given that proton‐binding events modulate the chemical shift by ∼ 30 ppm for this pH‐sensing probe, our results demonstrate the feasibility of ultra‐low‐field pH sensing near its pKa (7.0) with SNR approaching that of high‐field (9.4 T) MR.
The benefits of improving urban lakes in mega cities: a revealed and stated preference approach applied to the Hussain Sagar in Hyderabad, India
Authors: Mishra Prajna Paramita 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this study, the author estimates the demand for improvements in the site quality of Hussain Sagar, a large lake in metropolitan Hyderabad, India. Using both revealed and stated preference approaches, it is estimated that the park provides recreational benefits of US$35 per person for on-site respondents and US$14 for off-site respondents per visit to the park. Given that over one million people visit the lake and its parks every year, based on different scenarios, the annual estimated amenity value of the lake ranges from INR1.76bn (US$29m) to INR3.48bn (US$58m). Thus it is recommended that park authorities double the access fee to the park from the current INR10 (US$0.16). With this increase, the government can potentially earn US$0.36–1.48m in revenues per year, which will make it possible to improve the quality of the lake and its surroundings.
Fabrication of Li4Ti5O12-TiO2 Nanosheets with Structural Defects as High-Rate and Long-Life Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Xu Hui , Chen Jian , Li Yanhuai , Guo Xinli , Shen Yuanfang , Wang Dan , Zhang Yao , Wang Zengmei 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDevelopment of high-power lithium-ion batteries with high safety and durability has become a key challenge for practical applications of large-scale energy storage devices. Accordingly, we report here on a promising strategy to synthesize a high-rate and long-life Li4Ti5O12-TiO2anode material. The novel material exhibits remarkable rate capability and long-term cycle stability. The specific capacities at 20 and 30 C (1 C = 175 mA g−1) reach 170.3 and 168.2 mA h g−1, respectively. Moreover, a capacity of up to 161.3 mA h g−1is retained after 1000 cycles at 20 C, and the capacity retention ratio reaches up to 94.2%. The extraordinary rate performance of the Li4Ti5O12-TiO2composite is attributed to the existence of oxygen vacancies and grain boundaries, significantly enhancing electrical conductivity and lithium insertion/extraction kinetics. Meanwhile, the pseudocapacitive effect is induced owing to the presence of abundant interfaces in the composite, which is beneficial to enhancing specific capacity and rate capability. Additionally, the ultrahigh capacity at low rates, greater than the theoretical value of spinel Li4Ti5O12, may be correlated to the lithium vacancies in 8a sites, increasing the extra docking sites of lithium ions.
Interventional Oncology Service Development
Authors: Baker Jennifer , Brown Daniel , Mouli Samdeep 
Published: June 2017

AbstractInterventional oncology is rapidly expanding its suite of oncologic therapies, providing unique proven therapeutic benefits. To grow a practice alongside other oncology specialties, knowledge of cancer fundamentals is required. Areas of interest include methods to assess disease stage, treatment toxicity, and response. Additionally, techniques to leverage opportunities and resources available at one's institution toward practice development and efficiency will be reviewed.
Yttrium-90 Radioembolization for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Outcomes by Number of Lines of Therapy
Authors: Marsala Andrew , Lee Edward , Padia Siddharth 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMetastatic colorectal cancer represents the most common liver malignancy, and imparts a very poor prognosis for those who develop this disease. Unlike primary liver tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma, which largely develops in patients with underlying cirrhosis, most metastatic liver tumor patients have normal underlying liver function. Owing to this, most will succumb to tumoral replacement of the liver rather than from underlying liver dysfunction. Radioembolization represents a treatment modality that can be used in multiple fashions to treat one or both lobes of the liver. Techniques depend on whether the procedure is used as first-line, second/third-line, or as salvage therapy. Outcomes and complications of radioembolization are presented in this article, as well as background information on colorectal cancer and systemic therapies.
The Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System Facelift: A Prudent Balance of Risks and Benefits
Authors: McCollough E. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractOver the decades, facelifting has not escaped the natural history of trends and fads. And, as a profession, facial plastic surgery has not avoided falling into the trap of following corporate initiated technology, rather than leading common-sense methodologies to rejuvenating the aging face. The author is often reminded of a truism to which he was introduced in the 1980s. “When there are many ways of doing things, all of them work; or none of them work.” Undeniably, any procedure that lifts and removes excessive skin of the face and neck “works.” However, the questions that must be answered by leading teachers of facelifting surgery are: How well does a given technique work? How long-lasting are the results? Where does the risk–benefit curve cross over from optimal benefits to unacceptable risks? At what stage in a given patient's aging process are more aggressive techniques called for? At what stage in a surgeon's career should more invasive techniques be attempted, if ever? This article addresses the preceding questions as they relate to the contribution made by the superficial musculoaponeurotic fascia in repositioning sagging tissues of the face and neck.
Antiplatelet Therapy, Platelet Function Testing, and Bleeding Complications in Cardiac Surgery Patients
Authors: Jeppsson Anders , Hansson Emma 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAntiplatelet therapy with acetylsalicylic acid, alone or in combination with a P2Y12 inhibitor, reduces thromboembolic events in patients with coronary artery disease but increases the risk for spontaneous and perioperative bleeding complications. Both the antiplatelet effect and the risk for bleeding complications are larger with the new generation P2Y12 inhibitors prasugrel and ticagrelor than with clopidogrel. In this review, the perioperative handling of acetylsalicylic acid and the P2Y12 inhibitors clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor will be discussed. In addition, the concept of platelet function testing in the surgical setting will be covered.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Koppe Sean , Arshad Hafiz 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the United States. Approximately 10 to 20% of patients with NAFLD progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH can progress to cirrhosis, which, in turn, can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, evidence also supports that HCC can develop in patients with NASH who do not have cirrhosis or advanced fibrosis. Obesity, diabetes mellitus, hepatic iron deposition, and insulin resistance are potential risk factors for HCC in NASH. Mechanisms proposed include a role for tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, insulinlike growth factor, and nuclear factor κβ activation in progression of NASH to HCC. Polymorphisms in patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 also support a genetic influence in NASH-related HCC. Surgical resection, liver directed therapy, and liver transplant remain the mainstay of therapy. Ultrasound has reduced sensitivity for surveillance of HCC in obese patients and alpha fetoprotein may have more value for HCC surveillance in the NASH patient as compared with the HCV patient. Although HCC can develop in noncirrhotic NASH, currently there are no guidelines to recommend surveillance in noncirrhotic NASH patients.
Interior spaces as traces in Balzac’s La Comédie humaine
Authors: Bauer Dominique 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis article focuses on how Balzacian interiors and their dwellers signal a new experience and understanding of the past and the present that emerged during the Revolution and its aftermath. In this context, two interiors are analyzed: the interior of the Hôtel d’Esgrignon inLe Cabinet des Antiquesand the antique shop passage inLa Peau de chagrin.Both literary interiors in different ways embody traces of an “absent present” and constitute a solipsist mimesis of reciprocity between dweller and dwelling. These literary interiors signal fundamental aspects of a century that was marked by the loss of the past to history and by the experience of present time as but an elusive, fragile trace. Like the two sides of the same coin, this was also the time of vivification of absent images that are simulated, imitated in interiors of presentification, like the stereographic cabinet or the panoramic theatre. These interiors radicalize the traditional cabinet and its imagery, like Walter Benjamin’s typification of the window shop and the panoramic theatre would show. The Hôtel d’Esgrignon substantiates an absence-less presence with reality. Balzac conceives the mimetic relationship between thecénacle des antiquesand its Hôtel as a sophisticated subtext that reveals the illusionary nature of the ambition to establish such an absolute present. Those who reside in the Hôtel constitute the object-like and lifeless parody of a dynamics of representation played out and that reveals the fundamental absence they stand for. InLa Peau de chagrin,isolated objects are fragmented, eclectic bits and pieces of representations that are vivified, and not imitated, by imagination. The cabinet as a place thatisthe objects it arranges and shows, is internalized as a mental space of imagination, of hyperbolic possibilities of representational assemblage. The hybridity of its visitor is that of imagination itself being represented. Here, Balzac points forward to a literary development in which spatial settings, par excellence that of a vast, fantastic, endless space, will become an image of (literary) representation itself. This paper is published as part of a collection on interiorities.
Effects of colonization of a bacterial endophyte, Azospirillum sp. B510, on disease resistance in tomato
Authors: Fujita Moeka , Kusajima Miyuki , Okumura Yasuko , Nakajima Masami , Minamisawa Kiwamu , Nakashita Hideo 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
A plant growth-promoting bacteria, Azospirillum sp. B510, isolated from rice, can enhance growth and yield and induce disease resistance against various types of diseases in rice. Because little is known about the interaction between other plant species and this strain, we have investigated the effect of its colonization on disease resistance in tomato plants. Treatment with this strain by soil-drenching method established endophytic colonization in root tissues in tomato plant. The endophytic colonization with this strain-induced disease resistance in tomato plant against bacterial leaf spot caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato and gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea. In Azospirillum-treated plants, neither the accumulation of SA nor the expression of defense-related genes was observed. These indicate that endophytic colonization with Azospirillum sp. B510 is able to activate the innate immune system also in tomato, which does not seem to be systemic acquired resistance.