bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase equilibria modelling and zircon age dating of pelitic granulites in Zhaojiayao, from the Jining Group of the Khondalite Belt, North China Craton
Authors: Li X. W. , Wei C. J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe Jining Group occurs as the eastern segment of the Khondalite Belt, North China Craton and is dominated by a series of granulite facies rocks involving ‘normal’ pelitic granulites recording peak temperatures of ~850 °C and ultrahigh‐temperature (UHT) pelitic granulites recording peak temperatures of 950–1100 °C. The P–T paths and ages of these two types of granulites are controversial. Three pelitic granulite samples in the Jining Group comprising two sillimanite–garnet gneiss samples (J1208 and J1210) and one spinel–garnet gneiss sample (J1303) were collected from Zhaojiayao, where ‘normal’ pelitic granulites occur, for determination of their metamorphic evolution and ages. Samples J1208 and J1210 are interpreted to record cooling paths from the Tmax stages with P–T conditions respectively of ~870–890 °C/7–8 kbar and >840 °C/>7.5 kbar constrained from the stability fields of the observed mineral assemblages and the isopleths of plagioclase, garnet and biotite compositions in pseudosections. Sample J1303 is interpreted to record pre‐Tmax decompression from the kyanite‐stability fields to the Tmax stage of 950–1020 °C/8–9 kbar and a post‐Tmax cooling path revealed mainly from the stability field of the observed mineral assemblage, the plagioclase zoning and the biotite composition isopleth in pseudosections. The post‐Tmax cooling stage can be divided into suprasolidus and subsolidus stages. The suprasolidus cooling may not result in an equilibrium state at the solidus in a rock. Therefore, different minerals may record different P–T conditions along the cooling path; the inferred maximum temperature is commonly higher than the solidus as well as different solidi being recorded for different samples from the same outcrop but experiencing different degrees of melt loss. Plagioclase compositions, especially its zoning in plagioclase‐rich granulites, are predicted to be useful for recording the higher temperature conditions of a granulite's thermal history. The three samples studied seem to record the temperature range covering those of the ‘normal’ and UHT pelitic granulites in the Jining Group, suggesting that UHT conditions may be reached in ‘normal’ granulites without diagnostic UHT indicators. LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U–Pb data provide a continuous trend of concordant 207Pb/206Pb ages from 1.89 to 1.79 Ga for sample J1210, and from 1.94 to 1.80 Ga for sample J1303. These continuous and long age spectrums are interpreted to represent a slow cooling and exhumation process corresponding to the post‐Tmax cooling P–T paths recorded by the pelitic granulites, which may have followed the exhumation of deeply buried rocks in a thickened crust region resulted from a collision event at c. 1.95 Ga as suggested by the pre‐Tmax decompression P–T path.
BRAFV600E mutation in the diagnosis of unicystic ameloblastoma
Authors: Pereira Núbia Braga , Pereira Karuza Maria Alves , Coura Bruna Pizziolo , Diniz Marina Gonçalves , de Castro Wagner Henriques , Gomes Carolina Cavalieri , Gomez Ricardo Santiago 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundUnicystic ameloblastoma, an odontogenic neoplasm, presents clinical and radiographic similarities with dentigerous and radicular cysts, non‐neoplastic lesions. It is not always possible to reach a final diagnosis with the incisional biopsy, leading to inappropriate treatment. The BRAFV600E activating mutation has been reported in a high proportion of ameloblastomas. The purpose of the study was to assess the utility of the detection of the BRAFV600E mutation in the differential diagnosis of unicystic ameloblastoma with dentigerous and radicular cysts.MethodsTwenty‐six archival samples were included, comprising eight unicystic ameloblastomas (UAs), nine dentigerous and nine radicular cysts. The mutation was assessed in all samples by anti‐BRAFV600E (clone VE1) immunohistochemistry (IHC) and by TaqMan mutation detection qPCR assay. Sanger sequencing was further carried out when samples showed conflicting results in the IHC and qPCR.ResultsAlthough all UAs (8/8) showed positive uniform BRAFV600E staining along the epithelial lining length, the mutation was not confirmed by qPCR and Sanger sequencing in three samples. Positive staining for the BRAFV600E protein was observed in one dentigerous cyst, but it was not confirmed by the molecular methods. Furthermore, 2/9 dentigerous cysts and 2/9 radicular cysts showed non‐specific immunostaining of the epithelium or plasma cells. None of the dentigerous or radicular cysts cases presented the BRAFV600E mutation in the qPCR assay.ConclusionsThe BRAFV600E antibody (clone VE1) IHC may show non‐specific staining, but molecular assays may be useful for the diagnosis of unicystic ameloblastoma, in conjunction with clinical, radiological and histopathological features.
Phenotypically non‐suppressive cells predominate among FoxP3‐positive cells in oral lichen planus
Authors: Schreurs Olav , Karatsaidis Andreas , Schenck Karl 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundOral lichen planus (OLP) is a common T‐cell‐dominated oral chronic inflammatory disease occurring in periods of remission, quiescence, activity with pronounced inflammation, and acute ulceration. Cell infiltrates in OLP contain varying numbers of CD4+ T cells expressing the transcription factor FoxP3. FoxP3+CD4+ T cells are, however, a heterogeneous cell population containing suppressive and non‐suppressive cells, and their distribution in infiltrates from OLP is unknown.MethodsBiopsies were taken from normal oral mucosa (n = 8) and OLP lesions (n = 19), and a set of in situ methods for the determination of the functional phenotype of FoxP3+CD4+ T cells was applied.ResultsNumbers of FoxP3+CD4+ T cells were highest in the atrophic form of the disease, yet low in the ulcerative form. The main FoxP3+CD4+ T‐cell population observed was FoxP3+CD45RA−CD25+CD45RO+ and CD15s−, a phenotype delineating a non‐suppressive subset. Numbers of cells with an actively suppressing phenotype (FoxP3+CD45RA−CD25+CD45RO+ and CD15s+) were, however, about twice as high in reticular lesions as compared with the atrophic form. Many FoxP3+CD4+ T cells expressed T‐bet, the hallmark transcription factor for IFN‐γ‐producing T cells, indicating that they may enhance immune and inflammatory responses rather than suppress them.ConclusionsThe absence of actively suppressing FoxP3+CD4+ T cells may in part explain why OLP is a remarkably persisting condition, in spite of the presence of substantially high numbers of FoxP3+CD4+ T cells. The findings emphasize that it is crucial to examine not only numbers but also functional phenotype of FoxP3+CD4+ T cells in human tissues.
Domain Specificity in Adolescents’ Concepts of Laws: Associations Among Beliefs and Behavior
Authors: Oosterhoff Benjamin , Metzger Aaron 
Published: April 2016

Using detailed vignettes and scale measures, concepts of laws regulating domain‐specific issues and engagement in delinquency were assessed among 340 9th through 12th graders (Mage = 16.64, SD = 1.37). Adolescents distinguished between laws that regulate moral, drug‐related prudential, conventional, personal, and multifaceted issues in their criterion judgments and justifications. Youths’ ratings of the importance of laws, obligation to obey laws, and deserved punishment for breaking different laws also followed domain‐consistent patterns. Adolescents’ engagement in moral, drug‐related prudential, and multifaceted forms of delinquency was associated with less supportive judgments about laws within the same domain. Findings contribute to civic development research by demonstrating domain specificity in adolescents’ beliefs about laws and suggest that these beliefs are linked with engagement in similar types of delinquency.
Using nuclear genes to reconstruct angiosperm phylogeny at the species level: A case study with Brassicaceae species
Authors: Cai Liming , Ma Hong 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAngiosperm phylogeny has been investigated extensively using organellar sequences; recent efforts using nuclear genes have also been successful in reconstructing angiosperm phylogenies at family or deeper levels. However, it is not clear whether nuclear genes are also effective in understanding relationships between species in a genus. Here we present a case study of phylogeny at generic and specific levels with nuclear genes, using Brassicaceae taxa as examples. Brassicaceae includes various crops and the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. A recent study showed that nuclear genes can provide well‐resolved relationships between tribes and larger lineages in Brassicaceae, but few species were included in any given genus. We present a phylogeny with multiple species in each of five genera within Brassicaceae for a total of 65 taxa, using three protein‐coding nuclear genes, MLH1, SMC2, and MCM5, with up to approximately 10 200 base pairs (in both exons and introns). Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of the separate gene regions and combined data reveal high resolution at various phylogenetic depths. The relationships between genera here were largely congruent with previous results, with further resolution at the species level. Also, we report for the first time the affinity of Cardamine rockii with tribe Camelineae instead of other Cardamine members. In addition, we report sequence divergence at three levels: across angiosperms, among Brassicaceae species, and between Arabidopsis ecotypes. Our results provide a robust species‐level phylogeny for a number of Brassicaceae members and support an optimistic perspective on the phylogenetic utility of conserved nuclear data for relatively recent clades.
SilE is an intrinsically disordered periplasmic “molecular sponge” involved in bacterial silver resistance
Authors: Asiani Karishma R. , Williams Huw , Bird Louise , Jenner Matthew , Searle Mark S. , Hobman Jon L. , Scott David J. , Soultanas Panos 
Published: April 2016

SummaryAg+ resistance was initially found on the Salmonella enetrica serovar Typhimurium multi‐resistance plasmid pMG101 from burns patients in 1975. The putative model of Ag+ resistance, encoded by the sil operon from pMG101, involves export of Ag+ via an ATPase (SilP), an effluxer complex (SilCFBA) and a periplasmic chaperon of Ag+ (SilE). SilE is predicted to be intrinsically disordered. We tested this hypothesis using structural and biophysical studies and show that SilE is an intrinsically disordered protein in its free apo‐form but folds to a compact structure upon optimal binding to six Ag+ ions in its holo‐form. Sequence analyses and site‐directed mutagenesis established the importance of histidine and methionine containing motifs for Ag+‐binding, and identified a nucleation core that initiates Ag+‐mediated folding of SilE. We conclude that SilE is a molecular sponge for absorbing metal ions.
Identification of phenolic compounds that suppress the virulence of Xanthomonas oryzae on rice via the type III secretion system
Authors: Fan Susu , Tian Fang , Li Jianyu , Hutchins William , Chen Huamin , Yang Fenghuan , Yuan Xiaochen , Cui Zining , Yang Ching‐Hong , He Chenyang 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThe targeting of bacterial type III secretion systems (T3SSs), which are critical virulence factors in most Gram‐negative pathogens, is regarded as an alternative strategy for the development of novel anti‐microbial drugs. Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and X. oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) are two of the most important bacterial pathogens on rice, which cause leaf blight and leaf streak diseases, respectively. To identify potential anti‐virulence drugs against these two pathogens, we screened a library of plant phenolic compounds and derivatives for their effects on the Xoo T3SS. Ten of 56 compounds significantly inhibited the promoter activity of a harpin gene, hpa1. These inhibitors were further tested for their impact on the hypersensitive response (HR) caused by Xoo on non‐host tobacco plants. The results showed that pretreatment of Xoo with TS006 (o‐coumaric acid, OCA), TS010, TS015 and TS018 resulted in significantly attenuated HR without affecting bacterial growth or survival. In addition, Cya translocation assays demonstrated that the translocation of two T3 effectors was suppressed by the four inhibitors. Quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) analysis showed that mRNA levels of representative genes in the hrp (hypersensitive response and pathogenicity) cluster, as well as the regulatory genes hrpG and hrpX, were reduced by treatment with the four inhibitors, suggesting that expression of the Xoo T3SS was suppressed. The expression of other virulence factors was not suppressed, which indicated possible T3SS‐specific inhibition. Finally, we demonstrated that these inhibitors reduced the disease symptoms of Xoo and Xoc on the rice cultivar (Oryza sativa) IR24 to varying extents.
HD2C histone deacetylase and a SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complex interact and both are involved in mediating the heat stress response in Arabidopsis
Authors: Buszewicz Daniel , Archacki Rafał , Palusiński Antoni , Kotliński Maciej , Fogtman Anna , Iwanicka‐Nowicka Roksana , Sosnowska Katarzyna , Kuciński Jan , Pupel Piotr , Olędzki Jacek , Dadlez Michał , Misicka Aleksandra , Jerzmanowski Andrzej , Koblowska Marta Kamila 
Published: April 2016

AbstractStudies in yeast and animals have revealed that histone deacetylases (HDACs) often act as components of multiprotein complexes, including chromatin remodelling complexes (CRCs). However, interactions between HDACs and CRCs in plants have yet to be demonstrated. Here, we present evidence for the interaction between Arabidopsis HD2C deacetylase and a BRM‐containing SWI/SNF CRC. Moreover, we reveal a novel function of HD2C as a regulator of the heat stress response. HD2C transcript levels were strongly induced in plants subjected to heat treatment, and the expression of selected heat‐responsive genes was up‐regulated in heat‐stressed hd2c mutant, suggesting that HD2C acts to down‐regulate heat‐activated genes. In keeping with the HDAC activity of HD2C, the altered expression of HD2C‐regulated genes coincided in most cases with increased histone acetylation at their loci. Microarray transcriptome analysis of hd2c and brm mutants identified a subset of commonly regulated heat‐responsive genes, and the effect of the brm hd2c double mutation on the expression of these genes was non‐additive. Moreover, heat‐treated 3‐week‐old hd2c, brm and brm hd2c mutants displayed similar rates of growth retardation. Taken together, our findings suggest that HD2C and BRM act in a common genetic pathway to regulate the Arabidopsis heat stress response.
Effect of zinc plus multivitamin supplementation on growth in school children
Authors: Rerksuppaphol Sanguansak , Rerksuppaphol Lakkana 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundZinc and multiple vitamins are essential for growth. Zinc and vitamin deficiency is very common in developing countries. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of zinc plus multivitamin supplements in improving growth of healthy Thai schoolchildren.MethodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted in healthy 4–13‐year‐old Thai schoolchildren attending public school in central Thailand. Participants were randomized to receive either chelated zinc in the form of zinc bis‐glycinate (20 mg elemental zinc) plus multivitamins (vitamin A, 1000 IU; vitamin D, 200 IU; B1, 10 mg; B2, 3 mg; B6, 1 mg; B12, 10 μg; nicotinamide, 40 mg) or placebo once per day, 5 days per week for 6 months. Primary outcome was change in height from baseline to the end of the study. Secondary outcomes were change in weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences and waist‐to‐height ratio. An intention‐to‐treat analysis was performed.ResultsSeventy children each were randomized to the treatment and placebo groups. The children who received zinc and multivitamins had significantly higher gain in height (4.9 ± 1.3 vs 3.6 ± 0.9 cm, respectively; P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed significant improvement in height, especially in preadolescents. The increased gain in height was irrespective of baseline height and weight. The extra gain in height occurred after 2 months of supplementation. The changes in other anthropometric indices were not significantly different.ConclusionSupplementation of chelated zinc plus multivitamins for 6 months significantly increased height gain in Thai schoolchildren and was well tolerated.
Neurodevelopment of preterm infants born after in vitro fertilization and spontaneous multiple pregnancy
Authors: Ramoğlu Mehmet , Kavuncuoğlu Sultan , Aldemir Esin , Yarar Coşkun , Eras Zeynep 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to compare perinatal, neonatal characteristics and neurodevelopmental prognosis of preterm infants born after in vitro fertilization (IVF) and spontaneous multiple pregnancy, and to evaluate the factors affecting neurodevelopmental outcome at 24–36 months.MethodsA total of 125 preterm infants, 65 from spontaneous and 60 from IVF multiple pregnancy were evaluated in terms of neurodevelopmental outcome at the age of 24–36 months. Mean maternal age, chronic maternal disease, birthweight, gestational week, gender, APGAR score, neonatal intensive care unit admission, presence of congenital anomalies, referral to follow up, rehospitalization and socioeconomic status were investigated. Gross Motor Function Classification System and Denver II Developmental Screening Test were carried out. Local ethics committee approved the study (12.10.2010; no: 305).ResultsMean maternal age, chronic maternal illness, pregnancy‐related diseases, 5 min APGAR score, rate of cesarean delivery and referral to follow up were significantly higher in the IVF group (P < 0.05). Neurological examination identified increased muscle tone in two children (1.6%); only one infant in the IVF group had cerebral palsy. A total of 26 subjects (20.8%; spontaneous group, n =17, 26.2%; IVF group, n = 9, 15%) had abnormal Denver II findings, mostly in language (8.8%) and personal–social (8.0%) development.ConclusionMorbidity, length of hospitalization and neurodevelopmental outcome of preterm infants born after spontaneous and IVF multiple pregnancy are similar. Delays in language and personal–social development were the most common neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Even within similar socioeconomic status, parents in the IVF group were more compliant with follow up.
Postal contact with participating children and its impact on response rate: Japan Environment and Children's Pilot Study
Authors: Senju Ayako , Suga Reiko , Tsuji Mayumi , Shibata Eiji , Anan Ayumi , Yamamoto Yukiyo , Kusuhara Koichi , Kawamoto Toshihiro 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundCommunication with participating children and its effect on participation outcome is one of the most important but untouched issues in birth cohort studies. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of postal communication with the participating preschool children on the response rate to postal questionnaires.MethodsOne hundred and five mother–preschool child pairs from the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS) pilot cohort were included. During the 6 month study period, letters addressed to the children were enclosed with our biannual questionnaires, and the response rate transition was observed. Additionally, the participants were allocated to two groups. One of these was sent the letter with the individual name of the child at the top, and the other without it. The response rates of the two groups were compared using chi‐squared test. Parents' impressions of the letters and the changes in their motivation to complete the questionnaires were surveyed using an evaluation form.ResultsThe overall response rate was 83.8%, which was lower than the previous survey period. Response rate was not significantly different between the two letter types. The duration before questionnaire return was not changed. Despite their favorable impression based on parent evaluation, the letters were not associated with the parents' motivation to respond.ConclusionLetters to participating preschool children had no effect on response rate, but the long‐term impact of its favorability still remains to be evaluated. A similar trial at later ages may be more effective.
Brazilian infant motor and cognitive development: Longitudinal influence of risk factors
Authors: Pereira Keila RG , Valentini Nadia C , Saccani Raquel 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundInfant developmental delays have been associated with several risk factors, such as familial environmental, individual and demographic characteristics. The goal of this study was to longitudinally investigate the effects of maternal knowledge and practices, home environment and biological factors on infant motor and cognitive outcomes.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study with a sample of 49 infants from Southern Brazil. The infants were assessed three times over 4 months using the Alberta Infant Motor Scale and the Bayley Scale of Infant Development (Mental Development Scale). Parents completed the Daily Activities Scale of Infants, the Affordances in The Home Environment for Motor Development – Infant Scale, the Knowledge of Infant Development Inventory and a demographic questionnaire. Generalized estimating equation with Bonferroni method as the follow‐up test and Spearman correlation and multivariate linear backward regression were used.ResultsCognitive and motor scores were strongly associated longitudinally and increased over time. Associations between the home affordances, parental practices and knowledge, and motor and cognitive development over time were observed. This relationship explained more variability in motor and cognitive scores compared with biological factors.ConclusionsVariability in motor and cognitive development is better explained by environment and parental knowledge and practice. The investigation of factors associated with infant development allows the identification of infants at risk and the implementation of educational programs and parental training to minimize the effects of developmental delay.
Factors associated with cessation of sunbed use among Danish women
Authors: Wøhlk Ida Marie Rye , Philipsen Peter Alshede , Wulf Hans Christian 
Published: April 2016

SummaryBackground/purposeSunbed use is a known risk factor for malignant melanoma and non‐melanoma skin cancer. This study characterizes current and past female Danish sunbed users for the purpose of finding factors leading to cessation of sunbed use.MethodsAn online questionnaire was distributed via social media and email on February 25, 2014. 561 women responded.ResultsSunbed use was found to be associated with smoking, light and light brown skin colour, and knowledge about the risks associated with sunbed use. Motivation for tanning was found to be increased attractiveness. Factors associated with cessation were: age above 24, medium to high level of education, non‐smoking, not being bothered by appearing white on the beach, and being unconcerned about friends' sunbed use. Binary logistic regression further showed a significant association between cessation and low income, after adjusting for age. The most indicated reason for cessation was fear of skin cancer.ConclusionSunbed use could possibly be reduced by introducing a lower age limit of 18 and demanding staffed tanning salons. The age limit would allow young people to become more mature and self‐confident before deciding on using a sunbed. Our results suggest that future interventions and campaigns against the use of sunbeds should target young women with no or little postschool education.