bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of the quantum‐confined Stark effect on InGaN/AlGaN quantum dots
Authors: Zakizade E. , Figge S. , Laurus C. , Mehrtens T. , Rosenauer A. , Hommel D. , Gutowski J. , Sebald K. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe report on micro‐photoluminescence studies on InGaN/ AlGaN quantum dots grown by metal‐organic vapor phase epitaxy. The excitonic emission lines can be observed up to 100 K. Investigations of the quantum‐confined Stark effect in dependence on an external electric field show a partial compensation of internal fields and an enhancement of the overlap between electron and hole wave function in the quantum dots. As a consequence, an increase of the PL intensity and a blue shift of the single‐quantum‐dot emission line is observed. Furthermore, we show how the internal electric field strongly affects the photoluminescence intensity of the emission line up to 40 K. In addition, by investigating the excitonic and biexcitonic states, we demonstrate that the partial compensation of the internal field increases the biexciton binding energy and influences the intensity of its emission.
A New Integrated Framework for Stakeholder Involvement in Sustainability Policymaking – A Multidisciplinary Approach
Authors: Kua Harn Wei 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe importance of involving stakeholders in sustainability policymaking is widely recognized. Current methods of stakeholder involvement in environmental policymaking neither systematically identify stakeholders based on their roles in sustainability nor understand them from a behavioural level; moreover, strategies formulated to address the problems do not explicitly address possible conflicts among different policies. To fill these gaps, an integrated framework for stakeholder identification, understanding, engagement and role management is proposed. This framework is based on extensive review and application of principles in sustainability, life cycle assessment, behavioural science, soft operational research and coherently integrated sustainability policymaking. This framework was partially applied to a case study of a household energy intervention program in the South West District of Singapore. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Cultural Sustainability and Space – a Comparison of two Cases in Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Singh Bijay , Keitsch Martina Maria 
Published: November 2016

AbstractOne of the major challenges today is to learn how to act collaboratively in public space. This does not just relate to the use of old public space; it is also about creating new common platforms where people can participate in any kind of development process. Apparently, cultural, social and economic activities of certain societal groups influence decisions in the development process, but these activities do not necessarily include all users. The aim of this article is to analyse how local stakeholders negotiate and conduct socio‐cultural activities, how activities form and change, how they permit and confine access for different users in any kind of development process, and how they relate to cultural sustainability. We analyse and compare two cases of place conservation, one from a courtyard in the residential area of Itumbahal in Kathmandu and the other from the close‐by Indrachowk Square. Results of the comparison show that the ability and willingness of local stakeholders to interact with other groups had a great influence on the success or failure of these conservation projects. Another important factor was the influence and actions of external stakeholders, e.g. the Department of Archaeology and donors, and how local stakeholders responded to them. Drawing on aspects of heritage, social and cultural sustainability and stakeholder theories, this study recommends mapping stakeholders’ interactions before starting a conservation project, deliberately fostering common discussions on the use and conservation of space between diverging socio‐cultural groups and introducing control mechanisms to guarantee that responsibilities are met. Further research has to show if and how these recommendations are transferable to other cultural sustainability processes in urban and rural settings. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Sustainable Design, Cultural Landscapes and Heritage Parks; the Case of the Mondego River
Authors: Martins A. Nuno 
Published: November 2016

AbstractOver the past few decades, in both the USA and Europe, many cultural landscapes (CLs) facing social and economic decline have been revitalized through processes embracing planning, design, touristic ideas, heritage resources, local administrations and communities, resulting in cultural or heritage parks (HPs). This paper forms part of the debate on CLs and highlights their rehabilitation via HPs. The research raises the question of the role HPs have played within the restoration of CLs while aiming to bring the discussion into the current sustainable planning and land design debate. As a case study, it takes the experience of the Mondego River Heritage Park (MRHP), located in the central region of Portugal. The MRHP builds upon the European Landscape Convention, HPs' accomplishments and academic studies. Conclusions suggest heritage to be an effective driving force for sustainable development and the HP as an operative concept in the planning, land design and management of the territory. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Clustering VoIP caller for SPIT identification
Authors: Azad Muhammad Ajmal , Morla Ricardo , Arshad Junaid , Salah Khaled 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe number of unsolicited and advertisement telephony calls over traditional and Internet telephony has rapidly increased over recent few years. Every year, the telecommunication regulators, law enforcement agencies and telecommunication operators receive a very large number of complaints against these unsolicited, unwanted calls. These unwanted calls not only bring financial loss to the users of the telephony but also annoy them with unwanted ringing alerts. Therefore, it is important for the operators to block telephony spammers at the edge of the network so to gain trust of their customers. In this paper, we propose a novel spam detection system by incorporating different social network features for combating unwanted callers at the edge of the network. To this extent the reputation of each caller is computed by processing call detailed records of user using three social network features that are the frequency of the calls between caller and the callee, the duration between caller and the callee and the number of outgoing partners associated with the caller. Once the reputation of the caller is computed, the caller is then places in a spam and non‐spam clusters using unsupervised machine learning. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated using a synthetic dataset generated by simulating the social behaviour of the spammers and the non‐spammers. The evaluation results reveal that the proposed approach is highly effective in blocking spammer with 2% false positive rate under a large number of spammers. Moreover, the proposed approach does not require any change in the underlying VoIP network architecture, and also does not introduce any additional signalling delay in a call set‐up phase. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A smart fuzzing method for detecting heap‐based vulnerabilities in executable codes
Authors: Mouzarani Maryam , Sadeghiyan Babak , Zolfaghari Mohammad 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we present a smart fuzzing method for detecting six classes of heap‐based vulnerabilities in executable codes, that is, heap‐based buffer overflow, buffer underwrite, buffer over‐read, buffer under‐read, double‐free, and use‐after‐free vulnerabilities. In the proposed method, the executable code is instrumented to perform concolic (concrete + symbolic) execution and calculate the constraints on input data for executing a specific path. We also define a number of vulnerability constraints that determine the characteristics of input data that activate specific vulnerabilities in an execution path. By calculating symbolic path and vulnerability constraints in each executed path, we generate appropriate concrete input data that traverse other paths in the program and detect the vulnerabilities in the executed paths. We have implemented the proposed smart fuzzing method as a plug‐in for Valgrind framework and tested it on different groups of benchmark programs. The results demonstrate that the calculated vulnerability constraints are accurate, and our fuzzer is able to detect the vulnerabilities in these programs. We have also compared the implemented fuzzer with three other fuzzers and demonstrated how calculating the path and vulnerability constraints in our method helps to fuzz a program more efficiently. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generalisations of NTRU cryptosystem
Authors: Singh Sonika , Padhye Sahadeo 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSince the proposal of NTRU cryptosystem, many variants were proposed by the researcher using different‐different algebraic structure. In this article, we try to explore the existing variants of NTRU cryptosystem with their comparative study. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dextran‐Coated Ultrasmall Gd2O3 Nanoparticles as Potential T1 MRI Contrast Agent
Authors: Xu Wenlong , Miao Xu , Oh In‐Taek , Chae Kwon Seok , Cha Hyunsil , Chang Yongmin , Lee Gang Ho 
Published: November 2016

AbstractUltrasmall gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) nanoparticles coated with dextran (
r=1500 amu) were prepared through one‐pot synthesis and their potential to act as a T1 MRI contrast agent was investigated. The dextran‐coated ultrasmall Gd2O3 nanoparticles were highly water‐dispersible, with an average particle diameter of 1.5 nm and an average hydrodynamic diameter of 12.4 nm, and non‐toxic, as determined in a cellular cytotoxicity test. The longitudinal (r1) and transverse (r2) water proton relaxivities were estimated to be 12.2 and 29.3 s−1mM−1 (r2/r1=2.4), respectively, larger than those of commercial Gd‐chelates. This r1 value is also greater than those for previously reported dextran‐coated large Gd2O3 nanoparticles with particle diameter bigger than 20 nm. Positive contrast magnetic resonance (MR) images were obtained after intravenous injection of a sample solution into a mouse tail, demonstrating the potential of dextran‐coated ultrasmall Gd2O3 nanoparticles as a T1 MRI contrast agent.
Regioselective Synthesis of Pyrrolylpyrazole as a Multifunctional Compound: Potential Antibacterial as well as Anticancer Agent
Authors: Divakar Mathiyazhagan Arun , Shanmugam Sivakumar , Muneeswaran Thillaichidambaram , Ramakritinan Muthiah 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA regioselective synthesis of 3‐pyrazolyl‐4‐aryl substituted pyrrole derivatives fromα‐aroylidineketene dithioacetals using a convenient and efficient protocol. The pyrrolylpyrazole molecules were expected to have good application in biological system consequently most of the compounds shows excellent antibacterial activity when compared with streptomycin drug. All the synthesized compounds were studied for their anticancer activity in which5 b,5 e,5 g,5 ihave cytotoxic potential on cervical cancer cells at lower concentration.
Development of Crosslinked Chitosan/Au Nanocomposite, Its Characterization and Application towards Solar Light Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of Toxic Organic Compounds
Authors: Midya Lipi , Pal Aniruddha , Pal Sagar 
Published: November 2016

AbstractRecently, we have developed a novel nanocomposite [cl‐Ch‐p(DEAEM)/Au] comprised of in‐situ deposition on AuNPs on cationically functionalized chitosan (in presence of chemical crosslinker) and its potential application towards efficient photocatalytic degradation of Reactive Black 5 (RB 5) and Congo red (CR) dyes under exposure of sunlight. The physical, morphological and structural properties of nanocomposite have been characterised using UV‐Vis, FT‐IR, 1H and 13C NMR, PL, FESEM, TEM, EDAX, TGA, XRD, LC–MS and Zeta potential analyses. Here, it has been observed that the nanocomposite can remove both RB 5 and CR dyes rapidly and efficiently through adsorption, followed by photocatalytic degradation under exposure of sunlight. Besides, the adsorbed dyes have been isolated effectively and the nanocomposite has been regenerated in presence of sunlight just by altering the pH of the media and could be reusable for at least 4 times without remarkable decrease in its efficacy.
Enhanced Catalytic Activity on Post‐Synthesized Hollow Titanium Silicalite‐1 with High Titanium Content on the External Surface
Authors: Zuo Yi , Liu Min , Ma Mengtong , Wang Yanli , Guo Xinwen , Song Chunshan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA titanium silicalite‐1 (TS‐1) extrudate with high content of titanium on the external surface was post‐synthesized by using the mixed solution of tetrapropylammonium hydroxide and the hydrolysate of tetrabutyl titanate. The influence of Ti concentration in the post‐synthesis solution on the physicochemical properties and catalytic performance of TS‐1 was also studied. The amorphous silica support covering on the external surface of TS‐1 was crystallized, and some hollows appeared in the samples that were post‐synthesized. Most titanium introduced by this method are located at the external surface of the new generated TS‐1 particles. The molar ratio of Si/Ti on the external surface decreases with the increase of the Ti concentration in the post‐synthesis solution. The catalytic activity for phenol hydroxylation over the TS‐1 samples is enhanced after the post‐synthesis due to the new generated framework Ti on the external surface, providing the reactants more easily adsorbable active centers. A proper Ti concentration (10 vol%) in the post‐synthesis solution leads to the highest catalytic activity by obtaining a proper ratio of tetrahedral and octahedral Ti to anatase TiO2.
Enhanced Oxidative Hydrogen Peroxide Production on Conducting Glass Anodes Modified with Metal Oxides
Authors: Fuku Kojiro , Miyase Yuta , Miseki Yugo , Gunji Takahiro , Sayama Kazuhiro 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSurface modification of conductive oxide glass (F‐SnO2: FTO) anode substrates using 10 oxides was investigated for efficiently producing oxidative hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from water with hydrogen (H2) production at a Pt cathode. Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) or titanium oxide modification significantly facilitated oxidative H2O2 production in an aqueous solution of bicarbonate (HCO3−) on the anode substrate in the dark. The BiVO4‐supported FTO anode (BiVO4/FTO) achieved not only approximately twice the H2O2 generation performance compared with a bare FTO substrate but also high H2O2 accumulation, and the maximum selectivity (η(H2O2)) and accumulation reached ca. 35 % and 5 mM, respectively.
A Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO)‐Ferroelectrics Hybrid Nanocomposite as High Efficient Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalyst
Authors: Jiang Shan , Zhao Ruoyu , Ren Zhaohui , Chen Xing , Tian He , Wie Xiao , Li Xiang , Shen Ge , Han Gaorong 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe efficient separation and transport of photogenerated charge carriers via the interface is crucial for the desired performance of the composite photocatalysts. Here we report a facile one‐pot solvothermal approach to prepare reduced graphene oxide (rGO)‐BaTiO3 (BTO) nanocomposites, where single‐crystal and single‐domain BTO nanoparticles were uniformly loaded on the rGO sheets. Such composites demonstrated a dramatic degradation performance of various organic dye pollutants under visible light irradiation. By systematically investigating the ferroelectric polarization, light absorption, charge separation and transport properties of BTO nanoparticles and rGO‐BTO nanocomposites, the high photocatalytic efficiency could be ascribed to the synergic effect of ferroelectric polarization effect in BTO nanoparticles and superior electron transport of rGO on improving separation and transport of the photogenerated charge carriers. This work suggests that implementation of ferroelectric polarization effect in the composites would offer great opportunities to design and prepare high‐efficient rGO‐ferroelectrics photocatalysts for environment remediation.
Tailoring Emission Properties Using Macrocyclic Nanocavities via Guest Interplay in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Chandra Falguni , Pal Kaushik , Koner Apurba L. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe non‐covalent approach of tuning photophysical properties via competitive disassembling of a host‐guest complex using same or different classes of the water‐soluble macrocyclic molecule is demonstrated. Cucurbit[7]uril, a pumpkin‐shaped, and heptakis‐(2,6‐di‐O‐methyl)‐β‐cyclodextrin, a toroid‐shaped water‐soluble organic macrocycle are used as competitor host molecule for disassembling another host‐guest assembly. This competitive process has been monitored using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. This competitive fluorescence‐based guest interplay allows us to modulate the emissive properties of encapsulated guest and can be applied for the development of novel fluorescent assay and fluorescent materials.
Lead(II) Removal at the Bioanode of Microbial Electrolysis Cells
Authors: Colantonio Natalie , Kim Younggy 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAdvanced treatment, such as tight membrane filtration and ion exchange, can be applied for Pb2+ removal from wastewater but these methods are expensive with a high demand for electric energy and chemicals. Microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) are an emerging wastewater treatment technology and MECs can remove Pb2+ by reduction and precipitation at the cathode and biosorption at the anode; however, reduction at the anode has not been reported. We investigated Pb2+ removal mechanisms using lab‐scale MECs. Using an anion exchange membrane, independent Pb2+ removal in the anode and cathode chambers was observed at various voltage applications, including open circuit, 0.3 V, 0.6 V, and 0.9 V. A substantial amount of metallic Pb (0. 10 ± 0.02 mg) was found on the graphite fiber anode. Also, the observed anode potential (−0.15 to −0.33 V vs. SHE) indicated sufficient driving force for Pb2+ reduction at the anode for the Pb2+ concentration of 0.1 to 2.5 mg L−1. Inactivation of exoelectrogens using ethanol resulted in no Pb2+ removal. The findings show that Pb2+ removal is achieved by various mechanisms in MECs, including electrodeposition at the anode by exoelectrogens.
Consumption‐based carbon accounting: does it have a future?
Authors: Afionis Stavros , Sakai Marco , Scott Kate , Barrett John , Gouldson Andy 
Published: November 2016

Internationally, allocation of responsibility for reducing greenhouse gas emissions is currently based on the production‐based (PB) accounting method, which measures emissions generated in the place where goods and services are produced. However, the growth of emissions embodied in trade has raised the question whether we should switch to, or amalgamate PB accounting, with other accounting approaches. Consumption‐based (CB) accounting has so far emerged as the most prominent alternative. This approach accounts for emissions at the point of consumption, attributing all the emissions that occurred in the course of production and distribution to the final consumers of goods and services. This review has a fourfold objective. First, it provides an account of the logic behind attributing responsibility for emissions on the basis of consumption instead of production. Issues of equity and justice, increased emissions coverage, encouragement of cleaner production practices, and political benefits are considered. Second, it discusses the counterarguments, focusing in particular on issues of technical complexity, mitigation effectiveness, and political acceptability. Third, it presents the spectrum of implementation possibilities—ranging from the status quo to more transformative options—and considers the implications for international climate policy that would accrue under various scenarios of adopting CB accounting in practice. Fourth, it looks at how CB accounting may be adjusted to fit with current political realities and it identifies policy mechanisms that could potentially be utilized to directly or indirectly address CB emissions. Such an approach could unlock new opportunities for climate policy innovation and for climate mitigation. WIREs Clim Change 2017, 8:e438. doi: 10.1002/wcc.438This article is categorized under:

Climate Economics > Economics of Mitigation
The European Union and the Paris Agreement: leader, mediator, or bystander?
Authors: Oberthür Sebastian , Groen Lisanne 
Published: November 2016

After its defeat at the Copenhagen climate summit in 2009, the EU can be considered to have scored a relative success with the Paris Agreement adopted in December 2015. With the mitigation ambition of the agreement exceeding expectations, the EU realized its policy objectives to a greater extent than it may have anticipated itself. This success was made possible by a moderation of the EU’s policy objectives pursued proactively through an EU bridge‐building and coalition‐building strategy. It was enabled and facilitated by the great‐power politics between China and the US as well as the French Presidency of the Paris conference. With Paris, the EU thus appears to have consolidated its role as a ‘leadiator’ in international climate policy, which it took on after the failure of the Copenhagen conference and road‐tested for the first time in Durban in 2011. In a multipolar climate world, this new role model should remain relevant for the years to come. However, the unpredictability of the underlying internal and external political, economic, and technological dynamics suggests the wisdom of a regular review and adjustment of strategy. WIREs Clim Change 2017, 8:e445. doi: 10.1002/wcc.445This article is categorized under:

Policy and Governance > International Policy Framework
On proving confluence modulo equivalence for Constraint Handling Rules
Authors: Christiansen Henning , Kirkeby Maja H. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Previous results on proving confluence for Constraint Handling Rules are extended in two ways in order to allow a larger and more realistic class of CHR programs to be considered confluent. Firstly, we introduce the relaxed notion of confluence modulo equivalence into the context of CHR: while confluence for a terminating program means that all alternative derivations for a query lead to the exact same final state, confluence modulo equivalence only requires the final states to be equivalent with respect to an equivalence relation tailored for the given program. Secondly, we allow non-logical built-in predicates such as var/1 and incomplete ones such as is/2, that are ignored in previous work on confluence.
To this end, a new operational semantics for CHR is developed which includes such predicates. In addition, this semantics differs from earlier approaches by its simplicity without loss of generality, and it may also be recommended for future studies of CHR.
For the purely logical subset of CHR, proofs can be expressed in first-order logic, that we show is not sufficient in the present case. We have introduced a formal meta-language that allows reasoning about abstract states and derivations with meta-level restrictions that reflect the non-logical and incomplete predicates. This language represents subproofs as diagrams, which facilitates a systematic enumeration of proof cases, pointing forward to a mechanical support for such proofs.
The Project is supported by The DanishCouncil for IndependentResearch, Natural Sciences, Grant No. DFF4181-00442. The second author’s contribution received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement No. 318337, ENTRA—Whole-Systems Energy Transparency.