bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ampere Hour as a Predictor of Cardiac Resynchronization Defibrillator Pulse Generator Battery Longevity: A Multicenter Study
Authors: ELLIS CHRISTOPHER R. , DICKERMAN DEANNA I. , ORTON JODI M. , HASSAN SOHAIL , GOOD ERIC D. , OKABE TOSHIMASA , ANDRIULLI JOHN A. , QUAN KARA J. , GREENSPON ARNOLD J. 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundCardiac resynchronization defibrillator (CRT‐D) devices improve survival for New York Heart Association classes II‐IV systolic heart failure patients with QRS > 120 ms and left ventricular ejection fraction < 35%. A limitation of 100% CRT pacing is excess battery depletion and pulse generator (PG) replacement compared to VVI or dual‐chamber systems. Ampere hour (Ah) measures PG battery capacity and may predict CRT‐D device longevity.MethodsWe performed a multicenter retrospective study of all CRT‐D devices implanted at our centers from August 1, 2008 to December 31, 2010. Analysis was performed for survival to elective replacement indicator (ERI) between 1.0 Ah, 1.4 Ah, and 2.0 Ah devices, per manufacturers’ specifications.ResultsOne thousand three hundred and two patients were studied through December 31, 2014. Patients were followed for an average of 3.0 ± 1.3 years (794 1.0 Ah, 322 2.0 Ah, and 186 1.4 Ah devices under study). CRT‐D generator ERI occurred in 13.5% of 1.0 Ah systems (107 out of 794), versus 3.8% in 1.4 Ah (seven out of 186), and 0.3% in 2.0 Ah devices (one out of 322) over mean follow‐up of 3.0 years. Odds ratio (OR) for reaching ERI with 1.0 Ah device versus 1.4 Ah or 2.0 Ah was 9.73, P < 0.0001. Univariate predictors for ERI included 1.0 Ah device and LV pacing output >3V @ 1 ms (OR: 3.74, P < 0.001). LV impedance >1,000 ohms predicted improved device survival (OR: 0.38, P = 0.0025).ConclusionsCRT‐D battery capacity measured by Ah is a strong predictor of survival to ERI for modern systems. Further study on cost and morbidity associated with early PG change in 1.0 Ah systems is warranted.
Effects of Narrow‐band IR‐A and of Water‐Filtered Infrared A on Fibroblasts
Authors: Knels Lilla , Valtink Monika , Piazena Helmut , de la Vega Marin Jamlec , Gommel Kerstin , Lupp Amelie , Roehlecke Cora , Mehner Mirko , Funk Richard H. W. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractExposures of the skin with electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths between 670 nm and 1400 nm are often used as a general treatment to improve wound healing and reduce pain, for example, in chronic diabetic skin lesions. We investigated the effects of water‐filtered infrared A (wIRA) and of narrow‐band IR‐A provided by a light‐emitting diode LED (LED‐IR‐A) irradiation in vitro on 3T3 fibroblast cultures under defined conditions with and without glyoxal administration. Glyoxal triggers the formation of advanced glycation end products, thereby mimicking a diabetic metabolic state. Cell viability and apoptotic changes were determined by flow cytometry after vital staining with Annexin V, YO‐PRO‐1 and propidium iodide (PI), and by SubG1 assay. Mitochondrial function and oxidative stress were examined by vital staining for radical production, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and the ratio of reduced‐to‐oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG). The metabolic state was monitored by a resazurin conversion assay. The numbers of apoptotic cells were reduced in cultures irradiated with wIRA or LED‐IR‐A. More mitochondria showed a well‐polarized MMP after wIRA irradiation in glyoxal damaged cells. LED‐IR‐A treatment specifically restored the GSH/GSSG ratio. The immediate positive effects of wIRA and LED‐IR‐A observed in living cells, particularly on mitochondria, reflect the therapeutic benefits of wIRA and LED‐IR‐A.
Displacement behaviors in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): A neurogenomics investigation of the RDoC Negative Valence Systems domain
Authors: Latzman Robert D. , Young Larry J. , Hopkins William D. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe current study aimed to systematically investigate genetic and neuroanatomical correlates of individual variation in scratching behaviors, a well‐validated animal‐behavioral indicator of negative emotional states with clear links to the NIMH Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) response to potential harm (“anxiety”) construct within the Negative Valence Systems domain. Utilizing data from a sample of 76 captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), we (a) examined the association between scratching and presence or absence of the RS3‐containing DupB element in the AVPR1A 5' flanking region, (b) utilized voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) to identify gray matter (GM) voxel clusters that differentiated AVPR1A genotype, and (c) conducted a VBM‐guided voxel‐of‐interest analysis to examine the association between GM intensity and scratching. AVPR1A evidenced sexually dimorphic associations with scratching. VBM analyses revealed significant differences in GM by genotype across twelve clusters largely in the frontal cortex. Regions differentiating AVPR1A genotype showed sex‐specific associations with scratching. Results suggest that sexually dimorphic associations between AVPR1A and scratching may be explained by genotype‐specific neuroanatomical variation. The current study provides an example of the way in which chimpanzee research is uniquely poised for multilevel, systematic investigations of psychopathology‐relevant constructs within the context of the RDoC framework.
RDoC, DSM, and the reflex physiology of fear: A biodimensional analysis of the anxiety disorders spectrum
Authors: Lang Peter J. , McTeague Lisa M. , Bradley Margaret M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEvidence is presented supporting a dimension of defensive reactivity that varies across the anxiety disorder spectrum and is defined by physiological responses during threat‐imagery challenges that covary with objective measures of psychopathology. Previous imagery studies of anxiety disorders are reviewed, highlighting that, regardless of contemporary diagnostic convention, reliable psychophysiological patterns emerge for patients diagnosed with circumscribed fear compared to those diagnosed with pervasive anxious‐misery disorders. Based on the heuristic outlined by the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative, an exploratory transdiagnostic analysis is presented, based on a sample of 425 treatment‐seeking patients from across the spectrum of DSM‐IV anxiety diagnoses. Using a composite index of startle reflex and heart rate reactivity during idiographic fear imagery for each patient, a defensive dimension was defined by ranking patients from most defensively reactive to least reactive and then creating five groups of equivalent size (quintile; N = 85). Subsequent analyses showed significant parallel trends of diminishing reactivity in both electrodermal and facial electromyographic reactions across this defensive dimension. Negative affectivity, defined by questionnaire and extent of functional interference, however, showed consistent, inverse trends with defensive reactivity—as reports of distress increased, defensive reactivity was increasingly attenuated. Notably, representatives of each principal diagnosis appeared in each quintile, underscoring the reality of pronounced within‐diagnosis heterogeneity in defensive reactivity. In concluding, we describe our new RDoC research project, focusing on the assessment of brain circuit function as it determines hypo/hyperreactivity to challenge—somatic and autonomic—and may relate to patients’ stress history and genetic inheritance.
Panic disorder with agoraphobia from a behavioral neuroscience perspective: Applying the research principles formulated by the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative
Authors: Hamm Alfons O. , Richter Jan , Pané‐Farré Christiane , Westphal Dorte , Wittchen Hans‐Ulrich , Vossbeck‐Elsebusch Anna N. , Gerlach Alexander L. , Gloster Andrew T. , Ströhle Andreas , Lang Thomas , Kircher Tilo , Gerdes Antje B. M. , Alpers Georg W. , Reif Andreas , Deckert Jürgen 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn the current review, we reconceptualize a categorical diagnosis—panic disorder and agoraphobia—in terms of two constructs within the domain “negative valence systems” suggested by the Research Domain Criteria initiative. Panic attacks are considered as abrupt and intense fear responses to acute threat arising from inside the body, while anxious apprehension refers to anxiety responses to potential harm and more distant or uncertain threat. Taking a dimensional view, panic disorder with agoraphobia is defined with the threat‐imminence model stating that defensive responses are dynamically organized along the dimension of the proximity of the threat. We tested this model within a large group of patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia (N = 369 and N = 124 in a replication sample) and found evidence that panic attacks are indeed instances of circa strike defense. This component of the defensive reactivity was related to genetic modulators within the serotonergic system. In contrast, anxious apprehension—characterized by attentive freezing during postencounter defense—was related to general distress and depressive mood, as well as to genetic modulations within the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis. Patients with a strong behavioral tendency for active and passive avoidance responded better to exposure treatment if the therapist guides the patient through the exposure exercises.
Applying Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) to the study of fear and anxiety: A critical comment
Authors: Zoellner Lori A. , Foa Edna B. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe goal of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) is to develop an interdisciplinary science of psychopathology, forming a template for research and disconnecting conceptual and empirical questions from traditional diagnostic entities. In this article, we review some of the challenges in the implementation of this framework within the field of pathological fear and anxiety, specifically commenting on the article by Hamm and colleagues (2016). The study of pathological fear and anxiety has had considerable, yet stalled, success in its understanding of underlying mechanisms, prevention, and treatment. With a shift toward RDoC, it is unclear what to do with the existing diagnostic labels, and the importance of defining and measuring phenotypes becomes paramount. Additional concerns include the role of psychological constructs and mechanisms, the use of self‐report measures, the examination of replication and clinical utility, and the measurement of the role of the environment. Though a laudable and potentially necessary shift in focus, it remains to be seen whether new overall insights into psychopathology will emerge from focusing on small units of analyses and piecing them together and whether these insights will directly translate into the prevention of psychopathology, more efficacious treatments, and improved lives of patients.
Rethinking Iago's jests in Othello II.i: Honestas, imports and laughable deformity
Authors: Derrin Daniel 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAn early scene in Act Two of Shakespeare's Othello is often cut or shortened. It is the one in which Iago jests with Desdemona while she waits and hopes for Othello to arrive safely in Cyprus (II.i.100–166). Critics and directors have found the scene jarring. Many productions have cut it and many editors dismissed it. This makes sense if one sees Iago's and Desdemona's exchange literally as farce, that is, as stuffing or filler. However, that perception flattens out what can instead be seen as a complex communal exchange of power and moral ideals and a delicate negotiation of a particular ethos – honestas – in a public setting, which cannot be characterized merely as an attack and a defence. This article develops a means of exploring the scene more fully by treating it as a serious dramatic exploration of Iago's persuasiveness and Desdemona's cleverness. I shall argue that the scene embodies a more complex exchange of social values than has been acknowledged. In doing so, I suggest that the rhetoric of jesting Shakespeare dramatizes here is a kind of efficacy that works by producing what is better described as a morally meaningful community than simply as a power structure facilitating self‐interest in moral disguise.
Rural Students’ Social Capital in the College Search and Application Process
Authors: Nelson Ingrid A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAlthough the growing mandate for higher education creates challenges for students in rural areas, rural high school graduates currently attend college at a rate similar to their peers in other locale types. Prior research has attributed this accomplishment to family, school, and community social capital, yet the processes through which students translate social capital into educational attainment remain unspecified. This study examines how successful rural students access and engage various forms of social capital during the college search and application process. Analysis of semistructured interviews with 30 college graduates from communities throughout one predominantly rural state showed that family social capital provided most students with generalized support, but college‐specific guidance tended to correlate with parental education and income. Most students benefited from school social capital, primarily through pro‐college climate, peer networks, teachers, guidance counselors, and academic tracking. Students accessed community social capital through supportive youth and adult interactions, extended family ties, and a caring community, but these forms of social capital did not explicitly support the college search process. Although quantitative studies have operationalized family, school, and community social capital as distinct concepts, this study argues that these constructs cannot be disentangled given the interconnectedness of rural families, schools, and communities.
PENILAIAN PRESTASI BANGUNAN: ANALISIS RUANG TANDAS ASRAMA PELAJAR
Authors: Yahaya Hazirah , Che-Ani Adi Irfan , Ismail Rahah , Johar Suhana , Abd Razak Mohd Zulhanif 
Published: February 2016

Toilet with numerous functional defects will impose a sense of inconvenience to users. This paper reports on a study carried out on toilets’ condition in a government run students residential hostel for real estate. The students were housed in four (4) 10 storey blocks with two (2) blocks allocated to male and two (2) blocks to female students with toilets centralised on each floor. The four (4) blocks were built at the same time with identical design, supervised by a group of consultants and built by the same contractors. A total of 1,644 defects were recorded. This paper reveals a relationship between total number of defects with each level of floor. The defects relationship suggest, number of defects rises as one ascends the higher floors. Secondly, there is relationship on number of defects with floor level clusters and gender of the users. Total defects in the male block toilets record a higher correlation as compared to blocks utilise by female users. This findings can be used by the management of the training institute to focus maintenance work and budget to blocks and floors which have more defects.
NITROGEN UPTAKE OF SRI PADDY FIELD COMPARE TO CONVENTIONAL FIELD
Authors: Ardiansyah Ardiansyah , Arif Chusnul , Wijaya Krissandi 
Published: February 2016

The aim of this research is to compare nitrogen uptake in SRI field and conventional paddy field. Three SRI plots and three conventional plots were given same amount of organic fertilizer and three different biochar amount. In SRI field, S1 were plot with 5 ton/ha biochar application, S2 were plot with 10 ton/ha biochar application, and S3 were plot with 20 ton/ha biochar application. Similarly, in conventional paddy field, K1, K2, and K3 were plots with 5 ton/ha, 10 ton/ha, and 20 ton/ha biochar application. Mineral fertilizer were not used in this research. Result shows that, Nitrogen uptake in SRI paddy field (average of 262.9 mg/g Dry mass) were less than Conventional paddy field (average of 323.8 mg/g Dry mass). However, average of the grain weight of 1000 paddy grain shows that grain from SRI field is heavier (average of 20.7 g) than conventional paddy field (average of 19.0 g). Biochar application of 5 ton/ha, for both SRI and conventional fields shows higher result in most of plant parameters (plant height, amount of grain, total weight). SRI method usually shows the high production compare to conventional method. However, in this experiment there is almost no difference in SRI field (3.6 ton/ha) and conventional field (3.7 ton/ha). Plant observation shows that SRI paddy develop good rooting system than conventional paddy field that implies on more nutrient uptake. Soil were suspected to be the cause of low nitrogen uptake in SRI field.
GROUNDWATER CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR PADDY IRRIGATION
Authors: Abdullah Ahmad Fikri , Wan Mustapa Wan Amirul 
Published: February 2016

Hydrological modelling is representative of current, past or future hydrologic balance. It has been used widely in water-related problem such as drought, flood, water contamination and irrigation. Crops irrigation requires a lot of water to irrigate the root zone layer especially for paddy crops. With the current issues of water such as drought and pollution, an alternative source is needed to overcome the problem of water scarcity. Generally Malaysia depends on the surface water to irrigate the crops with no aided of groundwater. This study focuses on the availability of groundwater resources to irrigate the paddy crops. Hence, a conceptual model of groundwater flow was developed to shows the current situation of the groundwater flow at the study area. Several models were developed to see if groundwater can be extracted using wells and be used as an alternative source for irrigation. The study area is located at Sawah Sempadan, which is one of Malaysia’s greeneries areas under Tanjung Karang Rice Irrigation Scheme (TAKRIS). The conceptual model is built by using Visual MODFLOW 4.2. The conceptual model shows the current water balance, water table elevation and equipotential head in the study area. Simulations with pump wells have been done to shows the availability of groundwater sources for paddy irrigation. The result shows that groundwater flows from area of higher elevation towards the lower elevated area. It is also shows that groundwater extraction could not be too excessive as it may dry up the aquifer storage.
Modeling of depletion width variation over time in thin film photovoltaics
Authors: Aldosari Marouf , Grigoriu Liliana , Sohrabpoor Hamed , Gorji Nima E. 
Published: February 2016

The performance degradation of a hybrid solar cell is modelled considering the variation of depletion width over time. The p-i-n structure of a TiO2/perovskite/HTL photovoltaic is investigated. Several different time-dependent approaches are compared and a new model is introduced based on the variation of defect density over time in depletion region. This phenomenon consequently manifests itself in the device degradation. Our approach leads to rather complicated time-dependent equation for the defect density which takes into account also the non-uniformity of electric field in the depletion region. The thickness of TiO2 nano layer is taken 50 nm and perovskite layer is 330 nm. The nanoscale thickness of TiO2 layer warrants the carrier transport through tunneling mechanism.
Microsatellite Instability as a Biomarker for PD-1 Blockade
Authors: Dudley Jonathan C. , Lin Ming-Tseh , Le Dung T. , Eshleman James R. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Initial results by Le and colleagues, which were published in the June 25, 2015 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine, report significant responses of cancers with microsatellite instability (MSI) to anti–PD-1 inhibitors in patients who failed conventional therapy. This finding fits into a broader body of research associating somatic hypermutation and neoepitope formation with response to immunotherapy, with the added benefit of relying on a simple, widely used diagnostic test. This review surveys the pathogenesis and prognostic value of MSI, diagnostic guidelines for detecting it, and the frequency of MSI across tumors, with the goal of providing a reference for its use as a biomarker for PD-1 blockade. MSI usually arises from either germline mutations in components of the mismatch repair (MMR) machinery (MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, PMS2) in patients with Lynch syndrome or somatic hypermethylation of the MLH1 promoter. The result is a cancer with a 10- to 100-fold increase in mutations, associated in the colon with poor differentiation, an intense lymphocytic infiltrate, and a superior prognosis. Diagnostic approaches have evolved since the early 1990s, from relying exclusively on clinical criteria to incorporating pathologic features, PCR-based MSI testing, and immunohistochemistry for loss of MMR component expression. Tumor types can be grouped into categories based on the frequency of MSI, from colorectal (20%) and endometrial (22%–33%) to cervical (8%) and esophageal (7%) to skin and breast cancers (0%–2%). If initial results are validated, MSI testing could have an expanded role as a tool in the armamentarium of precision medicine. Clin Cancer Res; 22(4); 813–20. ©2016 AACR.
Large-Scale Atmospheric Warming in Winter and the Arctic Sea Ice Retreat
Authors: Dobricic Srdjan , Vignati Elisabetta , Russo Simone 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The ongoing shrinkage of the Arctic sea ice cover is likely linked to the global temperature rise, the pronounced warming in the Arctic, and possibly weather anomalies in the midlatitudes. By evaluating independent components of global atmospheric energy anomalies in winters from 1980 to 2015, the study finds the link between the sea ice melting in the Arctic and the combination of only three well-known atmospheric oscillation patterns approximating observed spatial variations of near-surface temperature trends in winter. The three patterns are the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Scandinavian blocking (SB), and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The first two are directly related to the ongoing sea ice cover shrinkage in the Barents Sea and the hemispheric increase of near-surface temperature. By independent dynamical processes they connect the sea ice melting and related atmospheric perturbations in the Arctic either with the negative phase of the NAO or the negative trend of atmospheric temperatures over the tropical Pacific. The study further shows that the ongoing sea ice melting may often imply the formation of large-scale circulation patterns bringing the recent trend of colder winters in densely populated areas like Europe and North America.