bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the vertical phytoplankton response to an ice‐free Arctic Ocean
Authors: Lawrence J. , Popova E. , Yool A. , Srokosz M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractRapidly retreating sea ice is expected to influence future phytoplankton production in the Arctic Ocean by perturbing nutrient and light fields, but poor understanding of present phytoplankton distributions and governing mechanisms make projected changes highly uncertain. Here we use a simulation that reproduces observed seasonal phytoplankton chlorophyll distributions and annual nitrate to hypothesize that surface nitrate limitation in the Arctic Ocean deepens vertical production distributions where light‐dependent growth rates are lower. We extend this to interpret depth‐integrated production changes projected by the simulation for an ice‐free Arctic Ocean. Future spatial changes correspond to patterns of reduced surface nitrate and increased light. Surface nitrate inventory reductions in the Beaufort Gyre and Atlantic inflow waters drive colocated production distributions deeper to where light is lower, offsetting increases in light over the water column due to reduced ice cover and thickness. Modest production increases arise, 10% in a seasonally ice‐free Arctic Ocean and increasing to 30% by the end of the century, occurring at depth.
Resolving the impact of stratosphere‐to‐troposphere transport on the sulfur cycle and surface ozone over the Tibetan Plateau using a cosmogenic 35S tracer
Authors: Lin Mang , Zhang Zhisheng , Su Lin , Hill‐Falkenthal Jason , Priyadarshi Antra , Zhang Qianggong , Zhang Guoshuai , Kang Shichang , Chan Chuen‐Yu , Thiemens Mark H. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe Himalayas were recently identified as a global hot spot for deep stratosphere‐to‐troposphere transport (STT) in spring. Although the STT in this region may play a vital role in tropospheric chemistry, the hydrological cycle and aquatic ecosystems in Asia, there is no direct measurement of a chemical stratospheric tracer to verify and evaluate its possible impacts. Here we use cosmogenic 35S as a tracer for air masses originating in the stratosphere and transported downward. We measure concentrations of 35S in fresh surface snow and river runoff samples collected from Mount Everest in April 2013 to be more than 10 times higher than previously reported by any surface measurement, in support of the Himalayas as a gateway of springtime STT. In light of this result, measurements of 35SO2 and 35SO42− at Nam Co in spring 2011 are reanalyzed to investigate the magnitudes of stratospheric air masses from the Himalayas to the tropospheric sulfur cycle and surface O3 level over the Tibetan Plateau. A simple one‐box model reveals that the oxidative lifetime of SO2 is reduced in aged STT plumes. Triple oxygen isotopic measurements of sulfate samples suggest that enhanced O3 levels may shift the oxidation pathway of SO2 in the troposphere, which may be constrained by further intensive sampling and measurements. Comparison with surface O3 measurements and traditional meteorological tracing methods shows that 35S is a potentially unique and sensitive tracer to quantify the contribution of stratospheric air to surface O3 levels in fresh or aged STT plumes.
Characterizing interannual variability of glacier dynamics and dynamic discharge (1999–2015) for the ice masses of Ellesmere and Axel Heiberg Islands, Nunavut, Canada
Authors: Van Wychen Wesley , Davis Jamie , Burgess David O. , Copland Luke , Gray Laurence , Sharp Martin , Mortimer Colleen 
Published: December 2015

AbstractLandsat 7 and RADARSAT‐1/RADARSAT‐2 satellite images are used to produce the most comprehensive record of glacier motion in the Canadian High Arctic to date and to characterize spatial and temporal variability in ice flow over the past ~15 years. This allows us to assess whether dynamically driven glacier change can be attributed to “surging” or “pulsing,” or whether other mechanisms are involved. RADAR velocity mapping allows annual regional dynamic discharge (iceberg calving) to be calculated for 2000 and the period 2011–2015 (yielding a mean regional discharge of 2.21 ± 0.68 Gt a−1), and velocities derived from feature tracking of optical imagery allow for annual dynamic discharge to be calculated for select glaciers from 1999 to 2010. Since ~2011, several of the major tidewater‐terminating glaciers within the region have decelerated and their dynamic discharge has decreased. Trinity and Wykeham Glaciers (Prince of Wales Icefield) represent a notable departure from this pattern as they have generally accelerated over the study period. The resulting increase in dynamic discharge from these glaciers entirely compensates (within error limits) for the decrease in discharge from the other tidewater glaciers across the study region. These two glaciers accounted for ~62% of total regional dynamic discharge in winter 2015 (compared to ~22% in 2000), demonstrating that total ice discharge from the Canadian High Arctic can be sensitive to variations in flow of just a few tidewater glaciers.
Vertical land motion as a key to understanding sea level change and variability
Authors: Wöppelmann Guy , Marcos Marta 
Published: December 2015

AbstractVertical land motions are a key element in understanding how sea levels have changed over the past century and how future sea levels may impact coastal areas. Ideally, to be useful in long‐term sea level studies, vertical land motion should be determined with standard errors that are 1 order of magnitude lower than the contemporary climate signals of 1 to 3 mm/yr observed on average in sea level records, either using tide gauges or satellites. This metrological requirement constitutes a challenge in geodesy. Here we review the most successful instrumental methods that have been used to determine vertical displacements at the Earth's surface, so that the objectives of understanding and anticipating sea levels can be addressed adequately in terms of accuracy. In this respect, the required level of uncertainty is examined in two case studies (global and local). A special focus is given to the use of the Global Positioning System (GPS) and to the combination of satellite radar altimetry with tide gauge data. We update previous data analyses and assess the quality of global satellite altimetry products available to the users for coastal applications. Despite recent advances, a near‐plateau level of accuracy has been reached. The major limitation is the realization of the terrestrial reference frame, whose physical parameters, the origin and the scale factor, are beyond the scope of a unique technique such as the GPS. Additional practical but nonetheless important issues are associated with the installation of GPS antennas, such as ensuring that there is no unknown differential vertical motion with the tide gauge.
Representing low‐frequency variability in continuous rainfall simulations: A hierarchical random Bartlett Lewis continuous rainfall generation model
Authors: Wasko Conrad , Pui Alexander , Sharma Ashish , Mehrotra Rajeshwar , Jeremiah Erwin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractLow‐frequency variability, in the form of the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation, plays a key role in shaping local weather systems. However, current continuous stochastic rainfall models do not account for this variability in their simulations. Here a modified Random Pulse Bartlett Lewis stochastic generation model is presented for continuous rainfall simulation exhibiting low‐frequency variability. Termed the Hierarchical Random Bartlett Lewis Model (HRBLM), the model features a hierarchical structure to represent a range of rainfall characteristics associated with the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation with parameters conditioned to vary as functions of relevant climatic states. Long observational records of near‐continuous rainfall at various locations in Australia are used to formulate and evaluate the model. The results indicate clear benefits of using the hierarchical climate‐dependent structure proposed. In addition to accurately representing the wet spells characteristics and observed low‐frequency variability, the model replicates the interannual variability of the antecedent rainfall preceding the extremes, which is known to be of considerable importance in design flood estimation applications.
Metal‐Free C(sp3)‐O Bond Formation through Radical Translocation: A Mild, Efficient, and Practical Approach to α‐Alkoxybenzamides
Authors: Huang Feng‐Qing , Zhou Guo‐Xiu , Dong Xin , Qi Lian‐Wen , Zhang Bo 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA mild and metal‐free method to functionalize aliphatic C−H bonds adjacent to a nitrogen atom through radical translocation, oxidation to an iminium intermediate, and nucleophilic trapping with alcohols is described. The transformation proceeds efficiently with edible ascorbic acid (vitamin C) as the radical initiator and readily available tert‐butyl nitrite as the nitrosating reagent. Notably, any transition‐metal or additive is not required. The current method provides simple, efficient, and practical access to valuable α‐alkoxybenzamides in moderate to good yields.
Binuclear Aromatic C−H Bond Activation at a Dirhenium Site
Authors: Adams Richard D. , Rassolov Vitaly , Wong Yuen Onn 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe electronically unsaturated dirhenium complex [Re2(CO)8(μ‐H)(μ‐Ph)] (1) has been found to exhibit aromatic C−H activation upon reaction with N,N‐diethylaniline, naphthalene, and even [D6]benzene to yield the compounds [Re2(CO)8(μ‐H)(μ‐η1‐NEt2C6H4)] (2), [Re2(CO)8(μ‐H)(μ‐η2‐1,2‐C10H7)] (3), and [D6]‐1, respectively, in good yields. The mechanism has been elucidated by using DFT computational analyses, and involves a binuclear C−H bond‐activation process.
Click Functionalization of a Dibenzocyclooctyne‐Containing Conjugated Polyimine
Authors: Kardelis Vladimir , Chadwick Ryan C. , Adronov Alex 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA conjugated poly(phenyl‐co‐dibenzocyclooctyne) Schiff‐base polymer, prepared through polycondensation of dibenzocyclooctyne bisamine (DIBO‐(NH2)2) with bis(hexadecyloxy)phenyldialdehyde, is reported. The resulting polymer, which has a high molecular weight (Mn>30 kDa, Mw>60 kDa), undergoes efficient strain‐promoted alkyne–azide cycloaddition reactions with a series of azides. This enables quantitative modification of each repeat unit within the polymer backbone and the rapid synthesis of a conjugated polymer library with widely different substituents but a consistent degree of polymerization (DP). Kinetic studies show a second‐order reaction rate constant that is consistent with monomeric dibenzocyclooctynes. Grafting with azide‐terminated polystyrene and polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether chains of varying molecular weight resulted in the efficient syntheses of a series of graft copolymers with a conjugated backbone and maximal graft density.
Multifunctional coatings created using an antimicrobial polymer as a platform for titania precipitation on cotton
Authors: Lum June S. , Salinas Stephen S. , Filocamo Shaun F. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTTitania precipitation on cotton has been achieved using a commercially available antimicrobial polymer, Reputex 20. The cotton swatches precipitated with titania retain antimicrobial activity, and we have also shown the ability to encapsulate diisopropylfluorophosphatase (DFPase), an enzyme capable of breaking down organofluorophosphates. Cotton swatches are easily prepared and precipitation occurs at room temperature in aqueous solutions at neutral pH. Both the antimicrobial properties of Reputex 20 and the hydrolytic activity of the DFPase enzyme are retained after titania precipitation, generating a cotton material exhibiting multifunctional properties. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43199.
Preparation and characterization of pH responsive poly(methacrylic acid‐acrylamide‐N‐hydroxyethyl acrylamide) hydrogels for drug delivery systems
Authors: Bal Ayça , Özkahraman Bengi , Özbaş Zehra 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTIn this study, pH responsive polymers composed of methacrylic acid, acrylamide, and N‐hydroxyethyl acrylamide were synthesized by free radical polymerization technique. The characterization was done with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The swelling and drug release behavior of the hydrogels was determined as a function of time at 37°C in pH 2.1 and 7.4. The swelling and drug release studies showed that increased methacrylic acid amount caused a higher increase in swelling and drug release values at pH 7.4 than those at pH 2.1. In addition, the drug release data were applied to kinetic models such as zero order, first order, and Higuchi equations, and it fit well in the Higuchi model of the hydrogel. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43226.
Consensus in second‐order Markovian jump multi‐agent systems via impulsive control using sampled information with heterogenous delays
Authors: Yi Jing‐Wen , Wang Yan‐Wu , Xiao Jiang‐Wen , Chen Yang 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis paper investigates the consensus problem of second‐order Markovian jump multi‐agent systems with delays. Both network‐induced random delay and node‐induced state delay are considered, where the network‐induced random delay, subjected to a Markov chain, exists in the switching signal and the node‐induced state delay, related to switching topologies, is heterogeneous between any two linked agents. In order to reduce communication and control energy, an impulsive protocol is proposed, where each agent only can get delayed relative positions to neighbors and the velocity of itself at impulsive instants. By performing three steps of model transformation and introducing a mapping for two independent Markov chains, the consensus problem of the original continuous‐time system is equivalent to the stability problem of a discrete‐time expand error system with two Markovian jumping parameters and a necessary and sufficient criterion is derived. A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical result.@@@@This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 61374171, 61572210, and 51537003, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2015TS030), and the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (IRT1245).
Optimal Control and Synchronization of Alternated Julia Sets
Authors: Wang Pei , Liu Shutang 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn this paper, spatial‐alternated Julia sets are discussed, which are obtained by alternating the spatial‐alternated system, and plane‐alternated Julia sets are discussed, which are obtained by alternating the plane‐alternated system. The control of spatial‐alternated Julia sets and plane‐alternated Julia sets is achieved via the optimal control. Moreover, the synchronization of two different plane‐alternated Julia sets is implemented via the optimal control. The simulations illustrate the effectiveness of the control method.
Interdecadal change of the active‐phase summer monsoon in East Asia (Meiyu) since 1979
Authors: Wang S.‐Y. Simon , Lin Yen‐Heng , Wu Chi‐Hua 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe timing of active‐phase East Asian summer monsoon (Meiyu) undergoes a marked shift since 1979. Diagnostic analysis indicates that active convection over Taiwan has occurred later in the season, from late May to early June, with a tendency of increasingly intense rainfall. This timing shift of convection results from a southward migration of Meiyu rainband, driven by an upper‐level cyclonic anomaly over eastern China and a lower‐level anticyclonic anomaly in the subtropical Western Pacific. Together, these two circulation patterns enhance both the moisture transport and baroclinic forcing. The role of Western Pacific warming and anthropogenic greenhouse gases in these changes is suggested.
Sensitive and selective turn‐on fluorescence method for cetyltrimethylammonium bromide determination based on acridine orange–polystyrene sulfonate complex
Authors: Li Na , Hao Xia , Kang Bei Hua , Li Nian Bing , Luo Hong Qun 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis work proposed a rapid and novel fluorescence‐sensing system using a complex of acridine orange (AO) and polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) to sensitively recognize and monitor cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in an aqueous medium. AO can interact with PSS and a complex is formed via electrostatic attraction and hydrophobic interaction. The fluorescence of AO is greatly quenched after the introduction of PSS. Upon its subsequent addition, CTAB can interact and form a complex with PSS because the electrostatic attraction between CTAB and PSS is much stronger than that between AO and PSS, which results in significant fluorescence recovery. Interestingly, the proposed method can be applied for the discrimination and detection of surfactants with different hydrocarbon chain lengths due to their different binding affinity toward PSS. The detection limit for CTAB is as low as 0.2 µg/mL and the linear range is from 0.5 to 3.5 µg/mL. Moreover, we applied the sensor to the successful detection of CTAB in water samples. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Boden – ein unterschätzter Lebensraum
Authors: Xylander Willi , Lehmitz Ricarda , Hohberg Karin , Lang Birgit , Russell David J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDer Boden ist einer der individuen‐ und artenreichsten Lebensräume der Erde und Ort vielfältiger ökosystemarer Dienstleistungen. Aktuelle Forschungsprojekte zur Entstehung und Entwicklung von Bodentiergemeinschaften, zu den vielfältigen Wechselwirkungen innerhalb des Bodennahrungsnetzes und zur Verbreitung von Bodentieren geben unter anderem Einblick in die ökologischen Ansprüche und Anpassungsfähigkeit der Welt unter unseren Füßen und tragen so dazu bei, eine nachhaltige Nutzung der Ökoressource Boden zu gewährleisten.
The Resource Identification Initiative: a cultural shift in publishing
Authors: Bandrowski Anita , Brush Matthew , Grethe Jeffery S. , Haendel Melissa A. , Kennedy David N. , Hill Sean , Hof Patrick R. , Martone Maryann E. , Pols Maaike , Tan Serena C. , Washington Nicole , Zudilova‐Seinstra Elena , Vasilevsky Nicole ,   RINL Resource Identification Initiative
Published: December 2015

AbstractA central tenet in support of research reproducibility is the ability to uniquely identify research resources, that is, reagents, tools, and materials that are used to perform experiments. However, current reporting practices for research resources are insufficient to identify the exact resources that are reported or to answer basic questions such as “How did other studies use resource X?” To address this issue, the Resource Identification Initiative was launched as a pilot project to improve the reporting standards for research resources in the methods sections of papers and thereby improve identifiability and scientific reproducibility. The pilot engaged over 25 biomedical journal editors from most major publishers, as well as scientists and funding officials. Authors were asked to include Research Resource Identifiers (RRIDs) in their manuscripts prior to publication for three resource types: antibodies, model organisms, and tools (i.e., software and databases). RRIDs are assigned by an authoritative database, for example, a model organism database for each type of resource. To make it easier for authors to obtain RRIDs, resources were aggregated from the appropriate databases and their RRIDs made available in a central web portal ( http://scicrunch.org/resources). RRIDs meet three key criteria: they are machine readable, free to generate and access, and are consistent across publishers and journals. The pilot was launched in February of 2014 and over 300 papers have appeared that report RRIDs. The number of journals participating has expanded from the original 25 to more than 40 with RRIDs appearing in 62 different journals to date. Here, we present an overview of the pilot project and its outcomes to date. We show that authors are able to identify resources and are supportive of the goals of the project. Identifiability of the resources post‐pilot showed a dramatic improvement for all three resource types, suggesting that the project has had a significant impact on identifiability of research resources.
Survival among patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma in the pretargeted versus targeted therapy eras
Authors: Li Pengxiang , Wong Yu‐Ning , Armstrong Katrina , Haas Naomi , Subedi Prasun , Davis‐Cerone Margaret , Doshi Jalpa A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBetween December 2005 and October 2009, FDA approved six targeted therapies shown to significantly extend survival for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients in clinical trials. This study aimed to examine changes in survival between the pretargeted and targeted therapy periods in advanced RCC patients in a real‐world setting. Utilizing the 2000–2010 SEER Research files, a pre–post study design with a contemporaneous comparison group was employed to examine differences in survival outcomes for patients diagnosed with advanced RCC (study group) or advanced prostate cancer (comparison group, for whom no significant treatment innovations happened during this period) across the pretargeted therapy era (2000–2005) and the targeted therapy era (2006–2010). RCC patients diagnosed in the targeted therapy era (N = 6439) showed improved survival compared to those diagnosed in the pretargeted therapy era (N = 7231, hazard ratio (HR) for all‐cause death: 0.86, P < 0.01), while the change between the pre–post periods was not significant for advanced prostate cancer patients (HR: 0.97, P = 0.08). Advanced RCC patients had significantly larger improvements in overall survival compared to advanced prostate cancer patients (z = 4.31; P < 0.01). More detailed year‐to‐year analysis revealed greater survival improvements for RCC in the later years of the posttargeted period. Similar results were seen for cause‐specific survival. Subgroup analyses by nephrectomy status, age, and gender showed consistent findings. Patients diagnosed with advanced RCC during the targeted therapy era had better survival outcomes than those diagnosed during the pretargeted therapy era. Future studies should examine the real‐world survival improvements directly associated with targeted therapies.
Your ethnic model speaks to the culturally connected: Differential effects of model ethnicity in advertisements and the role of cultural self‐construal
Authors: Hesapci Ozlem , Merdin Ezgi , Gorgulu Sahika 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis paper examines self‐construal and consumer self‐referencing as a mechanism for explaining ethnicity effects in advertising. Data were collected from a 2 (participant ethnicity: Turkish versus Kurdish) × 2 (model ethnicity: Turkish versus Kurdish) × 2 (self‐construal: independent versus interdependent) experiment. Results show that (i) individuals with interdependent self‐construal display more positive evaluations towards an in‐group ethnic ad model than do individuals with independent self‐construal; (ii) ethnic minority individuals (Kurdish people) self‐referenced more advertising portrayals of models of a similar ethnicity than models of a different ethnicity, as did ethnic majority individuals (Turkish people); (iii) ethnic minority individuals who experienced high levels of self‐referencing exhibited more favourable attitude towards the advertisement, attitude towards the brand and a higher purchase intention than ethnic minority individuals who experienced low levels of self‐referencing; and (iv) self‐referencing is found to partially mediate the relationship between culturally constructed self‐concept (self‐construal) and ethnicity on consumer evaluations for interdependent subjects. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.