bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The endocannabinoid system in bovine tissues: characterization of transcript abundance in the growing Holstein steer
Authors: Kent-Dennis Coral , Klotz James L. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is highly integrated with seemingly all physiological and pathophysiological processes in the body. There is increasing interest in utilizing bioactive plant compounds, for promoting health and improving production in livestock. Given the established interaction between phytochemicals and the ECS, there are many opportunities for identification and development of therapies to address a range of diseases and disorders. However, the ECS has not been thoroughly characterized in cattle, especially in the gastrointestinal tract. The objective of this study was to characterize the distribution and transcriptional abundance of genes associated with the endocannabinoid system in bovine tissues.

Methods
Tissues including brain, spleen, thyroid, lung, liver, kidney, mesenteric vein, tongue, sublingual mucosa, rumen, omasum, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon were collected from 10-mo old Holstein steers (n = 6). Total RNA was extracted and gene expression was measured using absolute quantification real time qPCR. Gene expression of endocannabinoid receptors CNR1 and CNR2, synthesis enzymes DAGLA, DAGLB and NAPEPLD, degradation enzymes MGLL and FAAH, and transient receptor potential vanilloids TRPV3 and TRPV6 was measured. Data were analyzed in R using a Kruskal-Wallis followed by a Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Results are reported as the median copy number/20 ng of equivalent cDNA (CN) with interquartile range (IQR).

Results
The greatest expression of CNR1 and CNR2 was in the brain and spleen, respectively. Expression of either receptor was not detected in any gastrointestinal tissues, however there was a tendency (P = 0.095) for CNR2 to be expressed above background in rumen. Expression of endocannabinoid synthesis and degradation enzymes varied greatly across tissues. Brain tissue had the greatest DAGLA expression at 641 CN (IQR 52; P ≤ 0.05). DAGLB was detected in all tissues, with brain and spleen having the greatest expression (P ≤ 0.05). Expression of NAPEPLD in the gastrointestinal tract was lowest in tongue and sublingual mucosal. There was no difference in expression of NAPEPLD between hindgut tissues, however these tissues collectively had 592% greater expression than rumen and omasum (P ≤ 0.05). While MGLL was found to be expressed in all tissues, expression of FAAH was only above the limit of detection in brain, liver, kidney, jejunum and ileum. TRPV3 was expressed above background in tongue, rumen, omasum and colon. Although not different from each other, thyroid and duodenum had the greatest expression of TRPV6, with 285 (IQR 164) and 563 (IQR 467) CN compared to all other tissues (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
These data demonstrate the complex distribution and variation of the ECS in bovine tissues. Expression patterns suggest that regulatory functions of this system are tissue dependent, providing initial insight into potential target tissues for manipulation of the ECS.
Effect of ertugliflozin on left ventricular function in type 2 diabetes and pre-heart failure: the Ertu-GLS randomized clinical trial
Authors: Lim Soo , Bae Jae Hyun , Oh Heran , Hwang In-Chang , Yoon Yeonyee E. , Cho Goo-Yeong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
The therapeutic effects of ertugliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, on cardiovascular outcome are not fully understood. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ertugliflozin on cardiac function in people with type 2 diabetes and pre-heart failure.

Methods
We conducted a 24-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving individuals with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with antidiabetic medications. Participants with left ventricular hypertrophy, E/e’ >15, or impaired left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS) were randomized 1:1 to receive either ertugliflozin (5 mg once daily) or a placebo. The primary outcome was the change in LVGLS. Secondary outcomes included changes in left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Prespecified exploratory outcomes, including angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and angiotensin (1–7) levels, were also assessed.

Results
A total of 102 individuals (mean age, 63.9 ± 9.2 years; 38% women) were included. The ertugliflozin group showed a significant improvement in LVGLS (− 15.5 ± 3.1% to − 16.6 ± 2.8%, P = 0.004) compared to the placebo group (− 16.7 ± 2.7% to − 16.4 ± 2.6%, P = 0.509), with a significant between-group difference (P = 0.013). Improvements in LVMI and LVEF were also observed. Additionally, significant reductions in HbA1c, systolic blood pressure, whole-body and visceral fat, uric acid, proteinuria, N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide, and lipoprotein(a) were noted. ACE2 and angiotensin (1–7) levels significantly increased in the ertugliflozin group compared to the placebo group and correlated with changes in LVGLS [r = 0.456, P < 0.001 for ACE2; r = 0.541, P < 0.001 for angiotensin (1–7)]. Adverse events were similar between the two groups.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that ertugliflozin has beneficial effects on left ventricular function in individuals with type 2 diabetes and pre-heart failure, and it provided insights into potential underlying mechanisms.

Clinical trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03717194.
Molecular characterization and immunopathological investigation of Avian reticuloendotheliosis virus in breeder flocks in Egypt
Authors: Shosha Eman Abd El-Menamm , Zanaty Ali Mahmoud , Darwesh Marwa Mostafa , Fotouh Ahmed 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) is an oncogenic immunosuppressive retrovirus that infects different kinds of avian species; posing significant economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide.

Methods
In Egypt, there is an unidentified disease associated with the runting-stunting syndrome with neoplasia, suspected to be REV, that has been continuously monitored in several breeder flocks. To diagnose and analyze REV by cell cultures, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), histopathological investigation, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, and sequencing analysis, 200 blood samples, and 50 tissue specimens were collected. The current study targets the occurrence and genetic characteristics of a viral neoplastic disease, resembling REV infection, circulating in breeder flocks from 2022 to 2023 in the Ismailia, El-Sharqia, and El-Dakahliya governorates.

Result
Here, REV was isolated on chicken embryo fibroblast cell culture; exhibiting cell aggregation, rounding, and cell detachments. Collectively, only 70 serum samples were positive for anti‐REV antibodies with seroprevalence rates of 35% based on the ELISA test. The histopathological observation demonstrated lymphoreticular tumors in the liver, spleen, and other examined organs. The immunohistochemical staining method confirmed the REV-positive signals in all examined organs (liver, kidney, spleen, bursa, ovaries) except for the heart. The PCR assay of the LTR gene assessed 370 base pairs with only 5 positive samples with a percentage of 16.6%. Three positive samples were further sequenced and submitted to the Genbank under accession numbers (PP763709, PP763710, PP763711). Phylogenetic analysis of the REV-LTR gene showed that our three isolates (Sharquia-1-REV, Ismilia-2-REV, Mansoura-3-REV) are REV subtype III which predominantly circulated in breeders in Egypt. These three isolates are highest similar to American, Chinese, and Taiwanese REV reference strains, and other Egyptian strains with nucleotide identity percentages of 100%, 99%, and 99%; respectively, and on the amino acid identity level were with (99–100%), (98%, 99%), (99%, 100%); respectively.

Conclusions
This study established that REV infection was extensively distributed in the breeders and became one of the causes of the clinical outbreaks of tumors, raising awareness of REV as the causative agent of avian oncogenic disease in Egypt.
Greenness assessment of a molecularly imprinted polymeric sensor based on a bio-inspired polymer
Authors: Adawy Hamees A. , Hegazy Maha A. , Saad Samah S. , Bekhet Amr M. , Boltia Shereen A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMethyldopa, a synthesized dopamine substitute with phenolic, amine, and carboxylic groups, was used to create a selective molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) for detecting formoterol fumarate dihydrate (FFD), a long-acting beta2-agonist for asthma and COPD. The bio-inspired polymer (MD) was electro-grafted onto a pencil graphite electrode (PGE) using cyclic voltammetry in a phosphate buffer (pH 6.5). An indirect method involving a redox probe (ferrocyanide/ferricyanide) and differential pulse voltammetry measured FFD binding to the MIP’s 3D cavities. The sensor showed a linear response range from 1 × 10⁻⁹ M to 2 × 10⁻¹⁰ M, with a detection limit of 1.7 × 10⁻¹¹ M. The polymethyldopa (PMD) and FFD interaction was assessed by UV spectroscopy, and the method was validated per ICH guidelines. Green analytical approaches, including RGB and GAPI, were also implemented. The goal was to use advances in molecularly imprinted polymers to develop a more precise and selective electrochemical sensor for FFD quantification.
Aberrations in medically certified sick leave and primary healthcare consultations in Norway in 2023 compared to pre-COVID-19-pandemic trends
Authors: White Richard Aubrey , Zhang Chi , Valcarcel Salamanca Beatriz , Angelsen Aslaug , Zakiudin Dinastry Pramadita , Andries Aristomo , Kabashi Saranda , Moberg Lene Lehmann 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Since 2022, Norway has employed a vaccine-only COVID-19 strategy. Primary healthcare in Norway uses International Classification of Primary Care version 2 (ICPC-2) codes. This study aims to systematically compare medically certified sick leave and primary healthcare consultations in 2023 with the pre-pandemic 2010–2019 trends, and subsequently estimate the magnitude of these changes.

Methods
For the respective outcomes of (A) working person-years lost to medically certified sick leave (WYLSL) and (B) number of primary healthcare consultations, 556 and 85 ICPC-2 code combinations were extracted from the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration’s sick leave registry and the Norwegian Syndromic Surveillance System. For each ICPC-2 code combination, a Bayesian linear regression was performed using data between 2010 and 2019 to estimate an expected baseline for 2023, which was then used to calculate the deviation from the pre-pandemic trend. A false discovery rate of 5% was used to account for multiple testing.

Results
All years from 2020 to 2023 had excess WYLSL, corresponding to 14,491 (90% PI: 8,935 to 20,016) in 2020, 12,911 (90% PI: 5,916 to 19,996) in 2021, 21,263 (90% PI: 12,627 to 29,864) in 2022, and 24,466 (90% PI: 14,023 to 34,705) in 2023. This corresponded to an economic loss of approximately 1.5 billion USD in 2023. Excess WYLSL due to A* (General and unspecified) increased from 2020 to 2023, with an estimated excess of 4,136 WYLSL in 2023 (69% higher than expected). More than half of this increase was explained by A04 (Weakness/tiredness general), whose excess WYLSL in 2023 were estimated at 2,640 (80% higher than expected). The excess in A04 (Weakness/tiredness general) corresponded to an economic loss of 161 million USD and accounted for 11% of the total excess WYLSL in 2023. The excess WYLSL in R* (Respiratory) in 2023 was 3,408, which correspond to an economic loss of 207 million USD and accounted for 14% of the total excess in 2023.

Conclusions
Significant excesses in working person-years lost to medically certified sick leave and primary healthcare consultations in 2023. A sizable proportion of the excesses were due to diseases/symptoms associated with acute and post-acute sequelae of COVID-19.
Fixing active sand dune by native grasses in the desert of Northwest China
Authors: Zhong Linfei , Feng Xiangyan , Zhao Wenzhi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Desertification is the most severe environmental problem in arid and semi-arid regions and has caused great economic loss every year. However, artificial sand fixation barriers function on sand fixation for only 10–20 years. Searching for a native species with long-term sand fixation effect and strong environmental adaptive capacity, and low water consumption is needed. In this study, we investigated the environmental adaption and sand fixation effect of a grass from Poaceae family (Psammochloa villosa) that is indigenous to the desert of Northwest China.

Results
The results showed that P. villosa has a streamlined leaf form, strong mechanical strength, and flexibility to adapt to wind. Leaf curling of P. villosa under drought decreased water loss rate through decreased evaporation area to adapt to drought. Significant negative relationship between adventitious root length and horizontal root burial depth indicates that adventitious roots help P. villosa absorb water and nutrients from soil under shallow sand burial condition, which enables P. villosa to adapt to different sand burial conditions. P. villosa fixed sand dunes through the distribution of the population at the top of the dune and the vertical relationship between the direction of windblown sand and the direction of growth of P. villosa, which stopped the expansion of the dune.

Conclusions
Growth characteristics of wind and drought tolerant leaf traits and adventitious roots under sand burial indicate that P. villosa is well adapted to dry sandy desert conditions and burial by sand. The distribution of the P. villosa population on the sand dune is a “brake” on its expansion. These findings provide new insight for active sand dune fixation and desertification control using native grass in the desertified regions.
Impacts of micro and nanoplastics on human health
Authors: Jayavel Sridhar , Govindaraju Boopalakrishnan , Michael Johni Rexliene , Viswanathan Balaji 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Plastics are the most flexible products developed with a wide range of applications. They have been incorporated into almost every aspect of daily life due to their strength and low weight. However, widespread use and inadequate waste management have resulted in the accumulation of tiny plastic particles throughout the environment.

Main text
Microplastics are found in oceans, rivers, sediments, sewers, soil, and agricultural products, even in table salts. Human beings are affected by microplastics through food ingestion and inhalation. Incorporated microplastics may accrue within the body and affect gastrointestinal, immune, endocrine, brain, and respiratory systems. It also interferes with the functions of major organs and causes chromosomal abnormalities.

Conclusion
Addressing the issue of micro and nanoplastics requires interdisciplinary research, sustainable solutions, and improved waste management systems. The main focus of this review is to cover the harmful effects and impact of microplastics on human health and stress the need for combating strategies.
Origin and Course Cavernous Internal Carotid Artery Branches from the Endoscopic Endonasal Perspective: Cadaveric Study and Analysis Clinical Implications
Authors: Agosti Edoardo , Alexander A. Yohan , Dang Danielle D. , Leonel Luciano C. P. C. , Zeppieri Marco , Pinheiro-Neto Carlos D. , Peris-Celda Maria 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Endoscopic endonasal approaches to treat cavernous sinus lesions require detailed knowledge of the origin, course, and anatomic variations of the branches of the cavernous internal carotid artery (cICA) because inadvertent avulsion can cause intraoperative ICA injury. We aim to study the origin and course of the branches of the cICA from an endoscopic endonasal perspective and relate these branches to surgically relevant anatomic references.

METHODS:
Sixty sides of 30 formalin-fixed specimens were dissected to identify the origin and course of cICA branches, including the inferolateral trunk (ILT), the meningohypophyseal trunk (MHT), anterior and inferior McConnell's capsular arteries (MCAs), and the superolateral trunk (SLT).

RESULTS:
The ILT and MHT were bilaterally in all specimens, whereas the anterior and inferior MCAs were identified in 28% and 25% of dissected sides, respectively. The SLT was only found in 3% of sides dissected. The MHT was the most proximal branch of the cICA, and its origin was an average of 8.9 mm anterior to the foramen lacerum and 3.8 mm superior to the sellar floor. The ILT was the second most proximal branch of the cICA, which originated 6.4 mm from the MHT on average. The anterior and inferior MCAs were present in 28% and 25% of specimens, respectively. The SLT, when present, was the second most proximal branch of the cICA, which originated at a mean height of 2.7 mm from the sellar floor. Overall, complete ILT and MHT were identified in 68% and 77% of cases, respectively.

CONCLUSION:
The MHT and ILT are constant branches of the cICA, with the MHT originating from the medial cICA posterior bend 4 mm superior to the sellar floor and 9 mm anterior to the foramen lacerum, whereas the ILT arises from the lateral horizontal cICA, 2.3 mm superior to the sellar floor and 6 mm anterior to the MHT.
Mittelalterliche Doppelbestattungen auf den Gräberfeldern Polens
Authors: Bojarski Jacek 
Published: October 2024

Gemeinsame Gräber einer Frau und eines Mannes – die als Ehegatten gelten – sind unter den Bestattungen frühmittelalterlicher Slawen nicht oft zu finden. Ist es anzunehmen, dass es in „barbarischen“ Gemeinschaften einen Brauch gab, nach dem ein verstorbener Mann auf dem Weg ins Jenseits von seiner Frau oder – alternativ – einer auserwählten Frau begleitet werden sollte? Wenn ja, war diese „Begleitung“ freiwillig oder erzwungen? Als Beispiel für die Überlegungen zu diesem Thema dienen frühmittelalterliche Doppelbestattungen aus dem heutigen Polen.Übersetzt von Małgorzata Derecka
Nowenna na pierwsze polskie wydanie Nowej Justyny Markiza de Sade
Authors: Kruszelnicki Wojciech 
Published: October 2024

Artykuł ten wykorzystuje okazję, jaką jest bezprecedensowe wydanie w Polsce Nowej Justyny – jednego z najbardziej niesławnych i skandalicznych dzieł Markiza de Sade (Kraków: Eperons, 2022, przeł. Krzysztof Matuszewski, tom 1-6) – aby zarysować szczególną historię towarzyszącą publikacji tego dzieła, a także by przypomnieć ewentualnym czytelnikom o jego znaczeniu literackim i filozoficznym w opozycji do popularnych aczkolwiek trywialnych twierdzeń, że twórczość Sade’a to nic więcej jak pornografia. Konsekwentny rozwój myśli sadycznej ukazuje filozoficzną odyseję ludzkiego poszukiwania suwerenności. Ma ona swój początek w oświeceniowej negacji Boga, lecz nie zatrzymuje się na niej. W pełni zautonomizowany rozum wchodzi w sojusz z Naturą, lecz jego również musi zakwestionować, tak jak musi zanegować Innego oraz samo Ego, by ostatecznie osiągnąć stanowisko nihilistycznego immoralizmu przejawiającego się apatycznym ponawianiem zbrodni.
Quilombo é o nosso lugar: a (re)existência quilombola no Brasil
Authors: Da Costa Ramalho Claudilene 
Published: October 2024

O objetivo geral deste artigo é apresentar uma reflexão sobre os quilombos no Brasil como espaço de (re)existência histórica do povo negro. Tal estudo foi realizado por meio de revisão bibliográfica, apresentando inicialmente uma análise sobre a invisibilidade dos quilombos no pós abolição. Posteriormente ressalta os desafios vivenciados pós CF/88 com o reconhecimento legal das Comunidades Remanescentes de Quilombo. Por meio desse estudo foi possível concluir que, embora tenha ocorrido um avanço constitucional com reconhecimento público da existência de tais comunidades, no entanto a morosidade da efetivação da legislação tem sido um desafio para a titulação de territórios quilombolas no Brasil, como também tem contribuído para intensificar os conflitos e ataques contra essas comunidades.
A extensão universitária no enfrentamento das mudanças climáticas e do racismo ambiental
Authors: Rodrigues da Silva Caroline , De Souza Ferreira de Morais Larissa , Santos Francisco Monica 
Published: October 2024

Este artigo foi elaborado a partir do encontro entre três mulheres participantes do Curso de Extensão Universitária “Mudanças Climáticas e o Direito à Água na Metrópole do Rio de Janeiro”, realizado pela Faculdade de Serviço Social da UERJ, em parceria com a Federação de Órgãos para Assistência Social e Educacional, o Núcleo Rio de Janeiro do Fórum de Mudanças Climáticas e Justiça Socioambiental e a Rede de Vigilância Popular em Saneamento e Saúde do Rio de Janeiro. O artigo sistematiza parte dos debates realizados no curso que estão relacionados ao tema das mudanças climáticas e do racismo ambiental na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Apresenta o conceito de racismo ambiental e analisa suas particularidades na realidade fluminense a partir de um estudo de caso: a instalação da siderúrgica Ternium na Região Administrativa de Santa Cruz, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, e o desenvolvimento de uma iniciativa de Vigilância Popular em Saúde e Ambiente pelo Coletivo Martha Trindade.
Palavras chaves: extensão universitária; mudanças climáticas; racismo ambiental; Rio de Janeiro.
3-D Visualization of Atlantic salmon skin through Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Microscopy
Authors: Ranjan Abhishek , Swain Jaya Kumari , Ahluwalia Balpreet Singh , Melandsø Frank 
Published: October 2024

Significance
Three-dimensional photoacoustic imaging (PAM) has emerged as a promising technique for non-invasive label-free visualization and characterization of biological tissues with high spatial resolution and functional contrast.

Aim
The application of PAM and ultrasound as a microscopy technique of study for Atlantic salmon skin is presented here.

Approach
A custom ultrasound and photoacoustic experimental setup was used for conducting this experiment with a sample preparation method where the salmon skin is embedded in agarose and lifted from the bottom of the petridish.

Results
The results of C-scan, B-scan, and overlayed images of ultrasound and photoacoustic are presented. The results are then analyzed for understanding the pigment map and its relation to salmon behavior to external stimuli. The photoacoustic images are compared with the optical images and analyzed further. A custom colormap and alpha map is designed and the matrices responsible for PAM and ultrasound are inserted together to overlay the ultrasound image and PAM image on top of each other.

Conclusions
In this study, we propose an approach that combines scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) images with PAM images for providing a comprehensive understanding of the salmon skin tissue. Overlaying acoustic and photoacoustic images enabled unique visualization of tissue morphology, with respect to identification of structural features in the context of their pigment distribution.