bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Habitat quality in farmland influences the activity patterns of giant Galapagos tortoises
Authors: Pike Kyana N. , Blake Stephen , Gordon Iain J. , Schwarzkopf Lin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMany Galapagos giant tortoises make seasonal migrations from arid lowlands in the wet season, to humid highlands in the dry season. However, for critically endangered Western Santa Cruz giant tortoises (Chelonoidis porteri), at least 88% of the habitat in the highlands is now used for agriculture. To understand the impact of agricultural land use on tortoise behavior, we conducted 242 30-minute observations of tortoises on farms. We (1) recorded the time tortoises spent eating, walking, and resting in three different land-use types, (2) measured their temperature, and (3) quantified their selection of fine-scale vegetation characteristics. We found that tortoises rest for significantly longer periods when they are in abandoned land, compared to livestock, grazing, and touristic land. Generally, tortoises rested for longer when they were cooler. Time spent eating was increased by the density and proportion of ground vegetation, while time spent walking was reduced by tall vegetation. These findings suggest that the distribution of land-use types and the fine-scale composition of thermoregulatory and grazing resources within farmland have important implications for the behavior of tortoises while in human-modified land. Wildlife managers and landowners wishing to support tortoises on farms should focus on rehabilitating abandoned land and encouraging a heterogenous mix of sun and shade, and short ground vegetation across land-use types.
Methodological approaches in 16S sequencing of female reproductive tract in fertility patients: a review
Authors: Davidson I. M. , Nikbakht E. , Haupt L. M. , Ashton K. J. , Dunn P. J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The female genital tract microbiome has become a particular area of interest in improving assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes with the emergence of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. However, NGS assessment of microbiomes currently lacks uniformity and poses significant challenges for accurate and precise bacterial population representation.

Objective
As multiple NGS platforms and assays have been developed in recent years for microbiome investigation—including the advent of long-read sequencing technologies—this work aimed to identify current trends and practices undertaken in female genital tract microbiome investigations.

Results
Areas like sample collection and transport, DNA extraction, 16S amplification vs. metagenomics, NGS library preparation, and bioinformatic analysis demonstrated a detrimental lack of uniformity. The lack of uniformity present is a significant limitation characterised by gap discrepancies in generation and interpretation of results. Minimal consistency was observed in primer design, DNA extraction techniques, sample transport, and bioinformatic analyses.

Conclusion
With third-generation sequencing technology highlighted as a promising tool in microbiota-based research via full-length 16S rRNA sequencing, there is a desperate need for future studies to investigate and optimise methodological approaches of the genital tract microbiome to ensure better uniformity of methods and results interpretation to improve clinical impact.

Graphical Abstract
Isolated Calmness of Perturbation Mappings and Superlinear Convergence of Newton-Type Methods
Authors: Benko Matúš , Mehlitz Patrick 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we characterize Lipschitzian properties of different multiplier-free and multiplier-dependent perturbation mappings associated with the stationarity system of a so-called generalized nonlinear program popularized by Rockafellar. Special emphasis is put on the investigation of the isolated calmness property at and around a point. The latter is decisive for the locally fast convergence of the so-called semismooth* Newton-type method by Gfrerer and Outrata. Our central result is the characterization of the isolated calmness at a point of a multiplier-free perturbation mapping via a combination of an explicit condition and a rather mild assumption, automatically satisfied e.g. for standard nonlinear programs. Isolated calmness around a point is characterized analogously by a combination of two stronger conditions. These findings are then related to so-called criticality of Lagrange multipliers, as introduced by Izmailov and extended to generalized nonlinear programming by Mordukhovich and Sarabi. We derive a new sufficient condition (a characterization for some problem classes) of nonexistence of critical multipliers, which has been also used in the literature as an assumption to guarantee local fast convergence of Newton-, SQP-, or multiplier-penalty-type methods. The obtained insights about critical multipliers seem to complement the vast literature on the topic.
Application of time series and multivariate statistical models for water quality assessment and pollution source apportionment in an Urban River, New Jersey, USA
Authors: Soetan Oluwafemi , Nie Jing , Polius Krishna , Feng Huan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWater quality monitoring reveals changing trends in the environmental condition of aquatic systems, elucidates the prevailing factors impacting a water body, and facilitates science-backed policymaking. A 2020 hiatus in water quality data tracking in the Lower Passaic River (LPR), New Jersey, has created a 5-year information gap. To gain insight into the LPR water quality status during this lag period and ahead, water quality indices computed with 16-year historical data available for 12 physical, chemical, nutrient, and microbiological parameters were used to predict water quality between 2020 and 2025 using seasonal autoregressive moving average (ARIMA) models. Average water quality ranged from good to very poor (34 ≤ µWQI ≤ 95), with noticeable spatial and seasonal variations detected in the historical and predicted data. Pollution source tracking with the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model yielded significant R2 values (0.9 < R2 ≤ 1) for the input parameters and revealed four major LPR pollution factors, i.e., combined sewer systems, surface runoff, tide-influenced sediment resuspension, and industrial wastewater with pollution contribution rates of 23–30.2% in the upstream and downstream study areas. Significant correlation of toxic metals, nutrients, and sewage indicators suggest similarities in their sources.
Graphical Abstract
Marketing inputs and outcome heterogeneity: Using a quantile regression framework in the entertainment industry
Authors: Burmester Alexa B. , Clement Michel , Becker Jan U. , Otten Cord 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The success of entertainment products such as movies or books varies tremendously, and managers strive to increase the odds by deciding on the right marketing input. Aiming to improve managerial decision making, we suggest and test a quantile regression framework to detect outcome heterogeneity effects of marketing inputs in the entertainment industry. By analyzing the spread of the .9 and the .1 conditioned quantile to the .5 (median) conditioned quantile, we study how much an increase (decrease) of an input factor (star power and quality) changes the spread of the expected outcome (revenues and sales). The spread serves as an indicator for the heterogeneity effect of the input factor regarding the outcome. In two empirical studies, we show how marketing instruments increase (or decrease) outcome heterogeneity by estimating quantile regressions and provide generalizable findings regarding the outcome heterogeneity effects of star power (increases outcome heterogeneity) and quality evaluations (reduces outcome heterogeneity) in the entertainment industry.
Pseudomonas koreensis AB36 from a gold mine: genomic insights into adaptation to extreme conditions and potential plant growth promotion
Authors: Ayangbenro Ayansina Segun , Olanrewaju Oluwaseyi Samuel , Amoo Adenike Eunice , Babalola Olubukola Oluranti 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe genus Pseudomonas is one of the most varied and widespread bacterial genera, with species found in most environment. They are known to degrade organic and inorganic compounds, produce secondary metabolites, and enhance plant growth. The genome of Pseudomonas koreensis AB36, a heavy metal resistant organism isolated from a gold mine was sequenced to unveil the versatile metabolic potential of the organism. The genome is a single circular chromosome of 5,902,614 bp, with G + C content of 60.1%. There are 4154 similar orthologous gene clusters shared among strain AB36 and other sequenced P. koreensis strains with 7 clusters found alone in the genome of strain AB36. Genome mining of the organism predicted 8 biosynthetic gene clusters using antiSMASH including three non-ribosomal peptide synthethase (NRPS) clusters, arylpolyene and bacteriocin. The genome contains putative genes for heavy metal transport/resistance. These results show the heavy metal resistance ability and degradation of xenobiotic compounds of strain AB36 as well as its potential to adapt to various environments.
“We Need to Not Fear You”: Essential Factors Identified by Sworn Officers and Civilian Staff for Implementation and Expansion of a Co-Response Program
Authors: Plassmeyer Mark , Gute Melissa , Stauss Kim 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Fayetteville, AR, Police Department (FPD) initiated a co-response program in 2021, partnering with social workers to respond to individuals in crisis. Originally started with a University of Arkansas School of Social Work (UA) internship, the Crisis Intervention Response Team (CIRT) has grown over time. The program now includes two full-time co-response teams, two social work interns, and plans for further expansion. UA provides support for the program through continued internships, clinical supervision, and program evaluation. This article reports on one aspect of the UA program evaluation focusing on FPD employees’ perspectives on integrating social workers into their department and how those perspectives have changed over time as the program has expanded. Through semi-structured interviews and survey data collected in 2021 and 2023, this research highlights key factors contributing to the program’s successes and continued challenges. The results provide valuable insights, suggestions, and other factors to consider for similar police departments when making decisions whether to establish or expand co-response initiatives.
An Integrative Pause for Healthcare Personnel Challenged by the War: A Personal Perspective
Authors: Kassem Sameer , Gressel Orit 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
As the war in the Middle East intensifies, the support and well-being of healthcare practitioners (HCPs) become paramount to sustaining an effective healthcare system capable of serving the diverse Israeli population.

Methods
In collaboration with the integrative medicine (IM) team, we initiated a treatment intervention with the goal to relieve war-related HCPs concerns.

Results
This trilogy of narratives highlights the multifaceted experiences of HCPs in Israel during times of conflict. The director of internal medicine ward with his conventional medical and leadership expertise, provides stability and order. The IM practitioner offers holistic healing and care. The nurse reflects on her experience of being cared for.

Conclusions
These narratives illustrate the adaptability and resilience of healthcare professionals who navigate their roles with dedication and compassion, ensuring that amidst the strife, the human spirit remains cared for and supported.
Comparing functional countability and exponential separability
Authors: Hernández-Gutiérrez Rodrigo , Spadaro Santi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A space is functionally countable if every real-valued continuous function has countable image. A stronger property recently defined by Tkachuk is exponential separability. We start by studying these properties in GO spaces, where we extend results by Tkachuk and Wilson, and prove a conjecture by Dow. We also study some subspaces of products that are functionally countable and the influence of the

$$G_\delta $$

G
δ

-topology on exponential separability. Finally, we give some examples of functionally countable spaces that are separable and uncountable.
D’Arcy Thompson and Synthetic Biology—Then and Now
Authors: Davies Jamie A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThough often presented as a recent scientific endeavor, synthetic biology began in the 19th century and was a particularly active field in the years preceding the publication of D’Arcy Thompson’s On Growth and Form. Much synthetic biology of the era was devoted to the construction of nonliving chemical systems that would undergo morphogenesis or dynamic behaviors which had been observed in living organisms. The point was to show that “life-like” structure and behavior could be generated by physicochemical laws and required no vitalist element. D’Arcy Thompson’s careful analysis of physicochemical morphogenetic mechanisms as possible explanations of organic form links closely to this way of thinking. In the modern era, when we can genetically engineer cells to undergo specific behaviors, and program cells to undergo simple morphogenetic behaviors of the kind that Thompson and others felt might underly natural morphogenesis, it is possible to test whether they will in fact produce a predictable multicellular shape. This addresses essentially the same questions about the morphogenetic role of physicochemical forces, such as surface tension, but does so “the other way round”: physicochemical mechanisms are not being used as models for morphogenesis by natural cells but rather as a means to engineer cells to make designed forms.
Biological Theories of Morphogenesis Based on Holistic Biophysical Thinking
Authors: Palmquist Karl H. , Ko Clint S. , Shyer Amy E. , Rodrigues Alan R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe roles played by physics in the study of the life sciences have taken many forms over the past 100 years. Here we analyze how physics can be brought to bear on the contemporary study of morphogenesis, where new tissue-scale forms arise out of simpler, more homogenous, initial structures. We characterize how morphogenesis has been studied through reductionist approaches and discuss their limitations. We suggest that an alternative way of approaching morphogenesis that begins with a consideration of the whole may also serve as a fruitful mode of scientific inquiry. Through historical analysis of concepts relevant for contemporary systems biology, we illustrate how physical thinking oriented toward the biological whole (“holistic biophysical thinking”) was exemplified in the biological theories presented earlier by D’Arcy Thompson (1860–1948) and Pere Alberch (1954–1998). We contrast the use of physics to develop the conceptual foundations of holistically oriented systems biology with the more prevalent contemporary use of physics that focuses on technological development and quantification, embedded within reductionist strategies. As an in-depth contemporary case study, we describe how in our research we have used holistic biophysical thinking to develop biological theories of vertebrate morphogenesis that account for and extend beyond genetic, molecular, and cellular processes. We propose a theory of skin development where both molecular and morphological patterns are orchestrated by emergent physical processes at the supracellular scale. We further posit that holistic biophysical thinking at the supracellular scale may advance theories of diseases such as cancer.
Localization of underground pipeline intrusion sources using cross-correlation CNN: application in pile-driving model test
Authors: Chai Fu , Zhou Biao , Xie Xiongyao , Zhang Zixin , Han Jianyong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPreserving the structural integrity of critical infrastructure systems necessitates a heightened focus on fortifying the protection of underground pipelines. To this end, this paper presents an innovative approach, namely the Multi-Sample Joint Localization Method (MSJLM) utilizing Cross-Correlation Convolutional Neural Networks (CC-CNN), aimed at precisely localizing intrusion sources in the vicinity of underground pipelines. Traditional techniques for detecting and pinpointing pipeline intrusions primarily rely on a single sensor monitoring point, which is susceptible to inherent errors and constraints. In contrast, the MSJLM proposed in this study leverages data from multiple samples, integrating diverse data sources through correlation analyses to elevate precision and reliability. The utilization of the CC-CNN framework for processing aggregated data has proven highly successful in extracting spatial features and identifying patterns. Furthermore, the effectiveness of this method is corroborated through validation via a pile-driving model test.
Effect of laser drilling process on combustor liner effusion hole quality
Authors: Tas K. , Ozogul H. , Sever K. , Cin B. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEffusion cooling is one of the significant cooling technologies in combustor liners in terms of cooling efficiency and weight reduction. However, effusion cooling technology is difficult to manufacture. In fact this technology requires laser-drilling of thousands of tiny holes with shallow angles on a sheet metal with a thickness generally varying between 0.5 to 1.5 mm. In addition, the use of thermal barrier coating is common in gas turbine engines and is one more challenge for the drilling process. In order to obtain more efficient gas turbine engines, the inlet temperature keeps increasing in the last decades, which induces the combustion chamber to operate in a hotter environment. Therefore, efficient cooling technology is needed, even if it is hard to manufacture. For laser drilling, several parameters have to be explored to obtain acceptable holes. This study includes the microstructure investigations of the holes produced with different laser parameters and the optimal laser parameters determined according to the microstructure of six different effusion cooling hole configurations. The results show that laser process differences affect the metal substrate microstructure and thermal barrier coating structure. Drilling method, peak power, number of pulses, gas type and pressure value have a significant effect on the hole geometry and its microstructure.
The Relationality of Community Development Agreements towards a Human Rights Due Diligence Good Faith Requirement
Authors: Ogunranti Akinwumi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Human rights due diligence (HRDD) is a buzzword in business and human rights (BHR) activities. However, multinational corporations (MNCs) often conduct it as a tick-box exercise without transparency. Using a relational contract theory, this article argues that when MNCs contract with local communities through community development agreements (CDAs) to perform HRDD, such contracts are internationalized relational contracts that attract a level of good faith. An established principle in international economic law, good faith serves as a standard for assessing conduct designed to discharge obligations in international contracts between states and MNCs (investor-state contracts). Similar to how investor-state arbitration tribunals use good faith jurisprudence in regulating the relationship between states and MNCs, this article proposes a BHR good faith jurisprudence to prescribe how HRDD obligations should be discharged. The article concludes that a good faith interpretational exercise in BHR would (1) reduce MNCs’ cosmetic compliance with HRDD principles; (2) increase transparency in the HRDD exercise; and (3) become a source of rights for local communities to enforce corporate accountability.
Arctic Governance in the Face of Climate Change: A Case for “Inclusive Regionalism”
Authors: Dyck Carol 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Arctic governance has entered a period of turmoil following the March 2022 Arctic Council pause in operations and, subsequently, the strained relations between the member states. As climate change dramatically alters the Arctic environment, opening the region to new economic possibilities and more global attention, the need for cooperation is greater than ever. This article examines the current geopolitical and environmental pressures that are undermining the Arctic Council’s legitimacy and operations at a critical juncture in Arctic governance. It contends that the Arctic Council must rethink how it engages with Arctic Council observers and the wider global community to ensure that pressing ecological, economic, and social issues are addressed judiciously to prevent potentially irreparable harm in the region. Specifically, the case is made that a shift to “inclusive regionalism” could secure the Arctic Council’s position as the pre-eminent forum to address Arctic issues and to re-establish the spirit of collaboration that reigned for a quarter century.
A mathematical theory of super-resolution and two-point resolution
Authors: Liu Ping , Ammari Habib 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper focuses on the fundamental aspects of super-resolution, particularly addressing the stability of super-resolution and the estimation of two-point resolution. Our first major contribution is the introduction of two location-amplitude identities that characterize the relationships between locations and amplitudes of true and recovered sources in the one-dimensional super-resolution problem. These identities facilitate direct derivations of the super-resolution capabilities for recovering the number, location, and amplitude of sources, significantly advancing existing estimations to levels of practical relevance. As a natural extension, we establish the stability of a specific

$l_{0}$

minimization algorithm in the super-resolution problem.
The second crucial contribution of this paper is the theoretical proof of a two-point resolution limit in multi-dimensional spaces. The resolution limit is expressed as

$$\begin{align*}\mathscr R = \frac{4\arcsin \left(\left(\frac{\sigma}{m_{\min}}\right)^{\frac{1}{2}} \right)}{\Omega} \end{align*}$$

for

${\frac {\sigma }{m_{\min }}}{\leqslant }{\frac {1}{2}}$

, where

${\frac {\sigma }{m_{\min }}}$

represents the inverse of the signal-to-noise ratio (

${\mathrm {SNR}}$

) and

$\Omega $

is the cutoff frequency. It also demonstrates that for resolving two point sources, the resolution can exceed the Rayleigh limit

${\frac {\pi }{\Omega }}$

when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) exceeds

$2$

. Moreover, we find a tractable algorithm that achieves the resolution

${\mathscr {R}}$

when distinguishing two sources.
Enablers of successful employment outcomes for people with disabilities
Authors: Ikutegbe Paul , Randle Melanie , Sheridan Lynnaire , Gordon Robert , Allingham Samuel , Connolly Alanna , Dolnicar Sara 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Successful employment outcomes are often beyond the reach of people with disabilities, but relatively little is known about the factors that best enable the achievement of this goal. Using survey data from 803 people with and without disabilities, we examine the association of eight factors with successful employment outcomes. Using regression tree analysis, five factors emerged as statistically significant predictors of successful employment outcomes for people with disabilities: corporate culture and climate, job characteristics, government support, employer attitudes, and societal attitudes. Key interrelationships between factors include: (1) government support linking with corporate culture and climate; and (2) job characteristics linking with corporate culture and climate. Findings are relevant to organisations and governments to inform policy and practice to improve employment outcomes for people with disabilities.