bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow diverter devices in ruptured intracranial aneurysms: a single-center experience
Authors: Lozupone Emilio , Piano Mariangela , Valvassori Luca , Quilici Luca , Pero Guglielmo , Visconti Emiliano , Boccardi Edoardo 
Published: April 2017

OBJECTIVEIn this single-center series, the authors retrospectively evaluated the effectiveness, safety, and midterm follow-up results of ruptured aneurysms treated by implantation of a flow diverter device (FDD).METHODSThe records of 17 patients (12 females, 5 males, average World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies score = 2.9) who presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) due to the rupture of an intracranial aneurysm treated with an FDD were retrospectively reviewed. Of 17 ruptured aneurysms, 8 were blood blister–like aneurysms and the remaining 9 were dissecting aneurysms. The mean delay between SAH and treatment was 4.2 days. Intraprocedural and periprocedural morbidity and mortality were recorded. Clinical and angiographic follow-up evaluations were conducted between 6 and 12 months after the procedure.RESULTSNone of the ruptured aneurysms re-bled after endovascular treatment. The overall mortality rate was 12% (2/17), involving 2 patients who died after a few days because of complications of SAH. The overall morbidity rate was 12%: 1 patient experienced intraparenchymal bleeding during the repositioning of external ventricular drainage, and 1 patient with a posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm developed paraplegia due to a spinal cord infarction after 2 weeks. The angiographic follow-up evaluations showed a complete occlusion of the aneurysm in 12 of 15 surviving patients; of the 3 remaining cases, 1 patient showed a remnant of the aneurysm, 1 patient was retreated due to an enlargement of the aneurysm, and 1 patient was lost at the angiographic follow-up.CONCLUSIONSFDDs can be used in patients with ruptured aneurysms, where conventional neurosurgical or endovascular treatments can be challenging.
The value of endoscope assistance during transcranial surgery for tuberculum sellae meningiomas
Authors: Marx Sascha , Clemens Stefan , Schroeder Henry W. S. 
Published: April 2017

OBJECTIVEIn tuberculum sellae meningioma (TSM) surgery, endonasal approaches are claimed to have a superior visual outcome compared with transcranial approaches. The authors question whether this is always true and analyze their series of cases of endoscope-assisted transcranial TSM surgery with special regard to the postoperative visual outcome in order to explore this issue.METHODSAll surgical procedures for TSM performed between 2003 and 2015 in the Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, were retrospectively analyzed. Special attention was paid to the postoperative visual outcome.RESULTSDuring the study period, 15 patients (12 female and 3 male) underwent surgery for TSM. Gross-total resection was achieved in 14 cases (93.3%) and near-total resection in 1. One patient suffered from a major stroke during surgery and had to be excluded from further analyses. No other complications occurred. Preoperatively, visual acuity was disturbed in 12 patients (80%) and visual field deficits were present in 11 patients (73.3%). In 3 patients (20%), the TSM was an incidental finding. Postoperatively, ophthalmological examination revealed an improvement of visual acuity in 10 (90.9%) of 11 patients and improvement of visual field deficits in 9 (90%) of 10 patients; no deterioration of visual acuity or visual field was seen in any patient. Visual acuity and visual field improvement was observed in all patients who had surgery within 3 years after the onset of visual disturbances. No tumor recurrence was observed during follow-up (mean 32 months, range 3–134 months). TSMs were approached via a frontolateral craniotomy in 7 patients and via a supraorbital craniotomy in 8. The use of the endoscope as an assistive device led to improved tumor visualization and consequent removal in areas that were hidden in the microscopic view in 6 patients (40%).CONCLUSIONSThe present series confirms a favorable visual outcome after TSM surgery via supraorbital or frontolateral endoscope-assisted approaches. With endoscopic visualization, major manipulation of the optic apparatus could be avoided, perhaps affecting the favorable visual outcome.
Biomechanical head impact characteristics during sparring practice sessions in high school taekwondo athletes
Authors: O'Sullivan David M. , Fife Gabriel P. 
Published: April 2017

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to monitor head impact magnitude and characteristics, such as impact location and frequency, at high school taekwondo sparring sessions.METHODSEight male high school taekwondo athletes participated in this study. The head impact characteristics were recorded by X-Patch, a wireless accelerometer and gyroscope, during 6 taekwondo sparring sessions. The outcome measures were the peak linear acceleration (g = 9.81 msec2), peak rotational acceleration, rotational velocity, and Head Injury Criterion.RESULTSA total of 689 impacts occurred over 6 sessions involving the 8 athletes. There was an average of 24 impacts per 100 minutes, and there were significant differences in the frequency of impacts among both the sessions and individual athletes. In order of frequency, the most commonly hit locations were the side (38.2%), back (35.7%), and front (23.8%) of the head.CONCLUSIONSThe data indicate that there is a relatively high number of head impacts experienced by taekwondo athletes during sparring practice. According to the rotational acceleration predicting impact severity published in previous research, 17.1% of the impacts were deemed to be a moderate and 15.5% were deemed to be severe.
Papilledema in children with hydrocephalus: incidence and associated factors
Authors: Lee Haeng Jin , Phi Ji Hoon , Kim Seung-Ki , Wang Kyu-Chang , Kim Seong-Joon 
Published: April 2017

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to report the incidence of and the factors associated with papilledema in children with hydrocephalus.METHODSPatients younger than 15 years of age who had been diagnosed with hydrocephalus and treated by extra-ventricular drainage or ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery between 2005 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Factors including patient age and sex, etiology of hydrocephalus, duration of signs or symptoms, intracranial pressure (ICP), and presence of papilledema were evaluated.RESULTSForty-six patients, whose mean age was 6.3 ± 4.7 years, were included in the study. The 19 patients without papilledema had a mean age of 2.7 ± 2.7 years, and the 27 patients with papilledema had a mean age of 8.8 ± 4.2 years (p < 0.001). The mean ICP was 19.9 ± 10.0 cm H2O among those without papilledema and 33.3 ± 9.1 cm H2O among those with papilledema (p < 0.001). The mean duration of signs or symptoms was 3.0 ± 4.6 months in the patients without papilledema and 3.4 ± 3.9 months in those with papilledema (p = 0.704). The patients with papilledema were older and presented with higher ICP than those without. The causes of hydrocephalus were tumor (59%), congenital anomaly (19%), hemorrhage (13%), and infection (9%).CONCLUSIONSPapilledema was more common in patients who were older, who had higher ICP, and whose hydrocephalus had been induced by brain tumor. However, since papilledema was absent in 41% of the children with hydrocephalus, papilledema's absence does not ensure the absence of hydrocephalus, especially in younger patients.
Numeric Algorithms for Corank Two Edge-bipartite Graphs and their Mesh Geometries of Roots
Authors: Zając Katarzyna 
Published: April 2017

Following a Coxeter spectral analysis problems for positive edge-bipartite graphs (signed multigraphs with a separation property) introduced in [SIAM J. Discr. Math. 27(2013), 827-854] and [Fund. Inform. 123(2013), 447-490], we study analogous problems for loop-free corank two edge-bipartite graphs Δ = (Δ0,Δ1). i.e. for edge-bipartite graphs Δ, with at least n = 3 vertices such that their rational symmetric Gram matrix GΔ ∈ 𝕄 n(ℚ) is positive semi-definite of rank n – 2. We study such connected edge-bipartite graphs by means of the non-symmetric Gram matrix ĞΔ ∈ 𝕄 n(ℤ), the Coxeter matrix CoxΔ := – ĞΔ · ĞΔ– tr, its complex spectrum speccΔ ⊆ ℂ, and an associated simply laced Dynkin diagram DynΔ, with n – 2 vertices. Here ℤ means the ring of integers. It is well-known that if Δ ≈ℤ Δ′ (i.e., there exists B ∈ 𝕄 n(ℤ) such that det B = ±1 and ĞΔ′ = Btr · ĞΔ · B) then speccΔ = speccΔ′ and DynΔ = DynΔ′. A complete classification of connected non-negative loop-free edge-bipartite graphs Δ with at most six vertices of corank two, up to the ℤ-congruence Δ ≈ℤ Δ′, is also given. A complete list of representatives of the ℤ-congruence classes of all connected non-negative edge-bipartite graphs of corank two with with at most 6 vertices is constructed; it consists of 1, 2, 2 and 8 edge-bipartite graphs of corank two with 3, 4, 5 and 6 vertices, respectively.
Exendin-4 Treatment Improves LPS-Induced Depressive-Like Behavior Without Affecting Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines
Authors: Ventorp Filip , Bay-Richter Cecilie , Nagendra Analise Sauro , Janelidze Shorena , Matsson Viktor Sjödahl , Lipton Jack , Nordström Ulrika , Westrin Åsa , Brundin Patrik , Brundin Lena 
Published: April 2017

Background: Exendin-4 is a peptide agonist of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor, currently in clinical trials as a potential disease-modifying therapy for Parkinson’s disease. In light of this, it is important to understand potential modes of action of exendin-4 in the brain. Exendin-4 is neuroprotective and has been proposed to be directly anti-inflammatory, and that this is one way it reduces neurodegeneration. However, prior studies have focused on animal models involving both neurodegeneration and inflammation, therefore, it is also possible that the observed decreased inflammation is secondary to reduced neurodegeneration. Objective: To investigate whether exendin-4 directly reduces inflammation in the brain following an insult that involves neuroinflammation but not neurodegeneration, namely systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods: Rats were administered LPS systemically and were treated with either 0.5 μg/kg exendin-4 or saline vehicle injections over 5 days. Behavior was evaluated with forced swim test. We assayed TNF-α and IL-1β levels in cerebrospinal fluid and cytokine mRNA expression in striatal, hippocampal and cortical tissues using qPCR. We determined brain monoamines using high-performance liquid chromatography. Finally, we isolated primary brain microglia from rats and measured cytokine production after exendin-4 treatment and LPS stimulation. Results: Exendin-4 treatment did not affect cytokine mRNA expression in brain, cytokine levels in cerebrospinal fluid or cytokine production from cultured microglia, although there was a trend towards increased striatal dopamine. Importantly, exendin-4 significantly prevented depressive-like behavior at 24 hours after LPS injection, indicating that the drug engaged a target in the brain. Depressive-like behavior was associated with altered dopamine turnover in the striatum. Conclusion: We did not detect any anti-inflammatory effects of exendin-4. In previous studies exploring the effects of exendin-4 on brain insults involving neurodegeneration, observations of reduced inflammation might have been secondary to mitigation of neuronal death. Our results indicate that the effects of exendin-4 on behavior may be due to effects on dopamine synthesis or metabolism.
Long-term calorie restriction in humans is not associated with indices of delayed immunologic aging: A descriptive study
Authors: Tomiyama A. Janet , Milush Jeffrey M. , Lin Jue , Flynn James M. , Kapahi Pankaj , Verdin Eric , Sinclair Elizabeth , Melov Simon , Epel Elissa S. 
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND: Delayed immunologic aging is purported to be a major mechanism through which calorie restriction (CR) exerts its anti-aging effects in non-human species. However, in non-obese humans, the effect of CR on the immune system has been understudied relative to its effects on the cardiometabolic system. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether CR is associated with delayed immunologic aging in non-obese humans. METHODS: We tested whether long-term CR practitioners (average 10.03 years of CR) evidenced decreased expression of T cell immunosenescence markers and longer immune cell telomeres compared to gender-, race/ethnicity-, age-, and education-matched “healthy” Body Mass Index (BMI) and “overweight”/“obese” BMI groups. RESULTS: Long-term human CR practitioners had lower BMI ( p <  0.001) and fasting glucose ( p <  0.001), as expected. They showed similar frequencies of pre-senescent cells (CD8+CD28– T cells and CD57 and PD-1 expressing T cells) to the comparison groups. Even after adjusting for covariates, including cytomegalovirus status, we observed shorter peripheral blood mononuclear cell telomeres in the CR group ( p = 0.012) and no difference in granulocyte telomeres between groups ( p = 0.42). CONCLUSIONS: We observed no clear evidence that CR as it is currently practiced in humans delays immune aging related to telomere length or T cell immunosenescent markers
Self-organizing dynamic stability of far-from-equilibrium biological systems
Authors: Ivanitskii G R 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
One indication of the stability of a living system is the variation of the system’s characteristic time scales. Underlying the stability mechanism are the structural hierarchy and self-organization of systems, factors that give rise to a positive (accelerating) feedback and a negative (braking) feedback. Information processing in the brain cortex plays a special role in highly organized living organisms.
Electromagnetic Signals Following Stellar-mass Black Hole Mergers
Authors: Mink S. E. de , King A. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
It is often assumed that gravitational-wave (GW) events resulting from the merger of stellar-mass black holes are unlikely to produce electromagnetic (EM) counterparts. We point out that the progenitor binary has probably shed a mass ≳10 M
⊙ during its prior evolution. If even a tiny fraction of this gas is retained in a circumbinary disk, the sudden mass loss and recoil of the merged black hole shocks and heats it within hours of the GW event. Whether the resulting EM signal is detectable is uncertain. The optical depth through the disk is likely to be high enough that the prompt emission consists only of photons from its optically thin skin, while the majority may take years to emerge. However, if some mechanism can release more photons in a time comparable to the few-hour energy production time, the peak luminosity of the EM signal could be detectable. For a disk retaining only ∼10−3 of the mass shed in the earlier binary evolution, medium-energy X-rays to infrared emission would be observable hours after the GW event for source distances of ∼500 Mpc. Events like this may already have been observed, but ascribed to unidentified active galactic nuclei. Improved sky localization should eventually allow identification based on spatial coincidence. A detection would provide unique constraints on formation scenarios and potentially offer tests of strong-field general relativity. Accordingly, we argue that the high scientific payoff of an EM detection fully justifies search campaigns.
The Magnetar Model of the Superluminous Supernova GAIA16apd and the Explosion Jet Feedback Mechanism
Authors: Soker Noam 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Under the assumption that jets explode core collapse supernovae (CCSNe) in a negative jet feedback mechanism (JFM), this paper shows that rapidly rotating neutron stars are likely to be formed when the explosion is very energetic. Under the assumption that an accretion disk or an accretion belt around the just-formed neutron star launch jets and that the accreted gas spins-up the just-formed neutron star, I derive a crude relation between the energy that is stored in the spinning neutron star and the explosion energy. This relation is (E
NS-spin/E
exp) ≈ E
exp/1052 erg; It shows that within the frame of the JFM explosion model of CCSNe, spinning neutron stars, such as magnetars, might have significant energy in super-energetic explosions. The existence of magnetars, if confirmed, such as in the recent super-energetic supernova GAIA16apd, further supports the call for a paradigm shift from neutrino-driven to jet-driven CCSN mechanisms.
La formation des intentions professionnelles des adolescent.e.s se reconnaissant dans une orientation sexuelle minoritaire
Authors: Sahin  Poyraz , Olry-Louis Isabelle 
Published: April 2017

L’article part de l’idée générale que la question des choix professionnels peut se poser dans un contexte spécifique chez les adolescent.e.s se reconnaissant comme homosexuels ou bisexuels, notamment parce que cette période les expose à des tensions identitaires particulièrement fortes, à de possibles actes homophobes en milieu scolaire ou à l’éventuelle incompréhension de leur entourage face à des choix de métiers potentiellement atypiques au regard du genre. Dès lors, il propose de mettre en relation les principales études relatives à la construction d’une identité sexuelle minoritaire avec les travaux portant sur le développement des intentions d’orientation professionnelle d’adolescent.e.s et d’adultes émergents se reconnaissant une telle identité. Sur la base d’une synthèse de ces deux ensembles de travaux, l’article interroge plus largement les modèles de construction des choix professionnels adolescent.e.s – notamment ceux de Super (1990) et de Marcia (1966) – quant à la place, dans ces choix, d’une orientation sexuelle elle-même en cours d’élaboration.
Epidemiology of Sport-Related Concussions in High School Athletes: National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network (NATION), 2011–2012 Through 2013–2014
Authors: O'Connor Kathryn L. , Baker Melissa M. , Dalton Sara L. , Dompier Thomas P. , Broglio Steven P. , Kerr Zachary Y. 
Published: April 2017

Context:Sports participation is one of the leading causes of concussions among nearly 8 million US high school student-athletes.Objective:To describe the epidemiology of sport-related concussion (SRC) in 27 high school sports during the 2011–2012 through 2013–2014 academic years.Design:Descriptive epidemiology study.Setting:Aggregate injury and exposure data from 27 sports in 147 high schools in the National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network (NATION).Patients or Other Participants:Boy and girl high school athletes during the 2011–2012 through 2013–2014 academic years.Main Outcome Measure(s):Sport-related concussion counts, percentages, rates per 10 000 athlete-exposures (AEs), rate ratios (RRs), and injury proportion ratios (IPRs) were reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Rate ratios and IPRs with 95% CIs not containing 1.0 were considered significant.Results:Overall, 2004 SRCs were reported among 27 high school sports, for a rate of 3.89 per 10 000 AEs. Football had the highest SRC rate (9.21/10 000 AEs), followed by boys' lacrosse (6.65/10 000 AEs) and girls' soccer (6.11/10 000 AEs). The SRC rate was higher in competition than in practice (RR = 3.30; 95% CI = 3.02, 3.60). Among sex-comparable sports, the SRC rate was higher in girls than in boys (RR = 1.56; 95% CI = 1.34, 1.81); however, the proportion of SRCs due to player-to-player contact was higher in boys than in girls (IPR = 1.48; 95% CI = 1.27, 1.73). Common symptoms reported among all athletes with SRCs were headache (94.7%), dizziness (74.8%), and difficulty concentrating (61.0%). Only 0.8% of players with SRCs returned to play within 24 hours. The majority of athletes with SRCs (65.8%) returned to play between 7 and 28 days. More players had symptoms resolve after 7 days (48.8%) than less than a week (40.7%).Conclusions:Our findings provide updated high school SRC incidence estimates and further evidence of sex differences in reported SRCs. Few athletes with SRCs returned to play within 24 hours or a week. Most injured players returned after 7 days, despite a smaller proportion having symptoms resolve within a week.
A new aerosol wet removal scheme for the Lagrangian particle model FLEXPART v10
Authors: Grythe Henrik , Kristiansen Nina I. , Groot Zwaaftink Christine D. , Eckhardt Sabine , Ström Johan , Tunved Peter , Krejci Radovan , Stohl Andreas 
Published: April 2017

Abstract. A new, more physically based wet removal scheme for aerosols has been implemented in the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART. It uses three-dimensional cloud water fields from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) to determine cloud extent and distinguishes between in-cloud and below-cloud scavenging. The new in-cloud nucleation scavenging depends on cloud water phase (liquid, ice or mixed-phase), based on the aerosol's prescribed efficiency to serve as ice crystal nuclei and liquid water nuclei, respectively. The impaction scavenging scheme now parameterizes below-cloud removal as a function of aerosol particle size and precipitation type (snow or rain) and intensity.Sensitivity tests with the new scavenging scheme and comparisons with observational data were conducted for three distinct types of primary aerosols, which pose different challenges for modeling wet scavenging due to their differences in solubility, volatility and size distribution: (1) 137Cs released during the Fukushima nuclear accident attached mainly to highly soluble sulphate aerosol particles, (2) black carbon (BC) aerosol particles, and (3) mineral dust. Calculated e-folding lifetimes of accumulation mode aerosols for these three aerosol types were 11.7, 16.0, and 31.6 days respectively, when well mixed in the atmosphere. These are longer lifetimes than those obtained by the previous removal schem, and, for mineral dust in particular, primarily result from very slow in-cloud removal, which globally is the primary removal mechanism for these accumulation mode particles.Calculated e-folding lifetimes in FLEXPART also have a strong size dependence, with the longest lifetimes found for the accumulation-mode aerosols. For example, for dust particles emitted at the surface the lifetimes were 13.8 days for particles with 1 µm diameter and a few hours for 10 µm particles. A strong size dependence in below-cloud scavenging, combined with increased dry removal, is the primary reason for the shorter lifetimes of the larger particles. The most frequent removal is in-cloud scavenging (85 % of all scavenging events) but it occurs primarily in the free troposphere, while below-cloud removal is more frequent below 1000 m (52 % of all events) and can be important for the initial fate of species emitted at the surface, such as those examined here.For assumed realistic in-cloud removal efficiencies, both BC and sulphate have a slight overestimation of observed atmospheric concentrations (a factor of 1.6 and 1.2 respectively). However, this overestimation is largest close to the sources and thus appears more related to overestimated emissions rather than underestimated removal. The new aerosol wet removal scheme of FLEXPART incorporates more realistic information about clouds and aerosol properties and it compares better with both observed lifetimes and concentration than the old scheme.