bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abnormalities of Orbital Volume
Authors: Adenis J.P. , Robert P.Y. , Boncoeur-Martel M.P. 
Published: January 2018

New information on the physiopathology and treatment of orbital volumes pathologies is described: 1) In post-enucleation or evisceration socket syndrome placing of synthetic material (HA-TCP) directly in the intraconal orbital fat can correct most of the symptoms. However the best approach is to prevent orbital volume deficiencies during first surgery using an implant large enough to allow a future prosthesis of a volume less than 2 ml. New procedures for placing the implant after enucleation or evisceration are described. 2) In proptosis related to Graves' orbitopathy relative indications are given for orbital decompression by removal of fat or bone.
Fluorescein Dye Disappearance Test in Patients with Different Degrees of Epiphora
Authors: Toprak A.B. , Erkin E.F. , Kayikçioğlu Ö. , Seymenoğlu G. , Güler C. , Unlu H.H. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To assess the diagnostic efficacy of a modification of the fluorescein dye disappearance test (DDT) in patients with different degrees of epiphora. Methods DDT was performed by instilling a drop of 2% fluorescein in the eye. Schirmer tear test strips were placed in the lower conjunctival fornix, after 3 and 10 minutes. The colour dilution on the strips was compared to a scale with known standards and the most closely comparable colour dilution was chosen and recorded as the visual scale test (VST) grade of the strip. The grey-scale value (GV) of each strip was calculated by computer image analysis. The control group comprised 44 patients, mean age 44.8 years (SD 7.5, range 30–60). There were 13 patients in group 1 with moderate epiphora; mean age was 44.2 years (SD 9.5, range 30–60). There were 17 patients in group 2 with severe epiphora; mean age was 48.3 years (SD 7.7, range 37– 60). Results VST and GV differed significantly between controls and group 1 patients at 3 minutes (p=0.002, p=0.001), and between controls and group 2 patients at 3 minutes (p<0.001, p<0.001). There was no difference between groups 1 and 2 patients in VST and GV at 3 minutes. The differences were highly significant between controls and group 1 at 10 minutes (p=0.001, p=0.007), and between controls and group 2 at 10 minutes (p<0.001, p<0.001). The differences in GV and VST between groups 1 and 2 were significant at 10 minutes (p=0.026, p=0.018). Conclusions This modified DDT permits identification of different degrees of epiphora in a non-invasive manner, it can therefore be used to evaluate the outcome of different treatment strategies.
Posterior Capsule Opacification and Nd:YAG Capsulotomy Rates after Implantation of Silicone, Hydrogel and Soft Acrylic Intraocular Lenses: A Two-year follow-up Study
Authors: Beltrame G. , Salvetat M.L. , Chizzolini M. , Driussi G.B. , Busatto P. , Di Giorgio G. , Barosco F. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To compare the posterior capsule opacification (PCO) and neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) laser posterior capsulotomy rates associated with three different posterior chamber foldable intraocular lenses (IOL). Methods We retrospectively evaluated the rates of PCO and Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy in 1150 eyes two years after standard phacoemulsification with a no-stitch 3.5mm clear corneal incision (CCI) and in-the-bag implantation of one of three types of IOL: 190 eyes received a one-piece round-edged hydrogel IOL (Hydroview H60M, Bausch & Lomb); 475 eyes a three-piece round-edged silicone IOL (AMO PhacoFlex SI-40NB, Allergan); 485 eyes a three-piece square-edged soft acrylic lens (AcrySof MA60MA, Alcon). Results The PCO and Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy rates were respectively 43.15% and 20.5% in the Hydroview H6OM group, 27.57% and 9.68% in the AMO PhacoFlex SI-4ONB group, 10.5% and 2.47% in the AcrySof MA6OMA group. Conclusions PCO and Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy rates were significantly higher in the Hydroview H6OM group and significantly lower with the AcrySof MA6OMA lenses, which combine a bioactive constitutive material with the square-edged optic design.
Posterior Segment Involvement in Ocular Behçet's Disease
Authors: Özdal P.Ç. , Ortaç S. , Taşkintuna I. , Firat E. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Posterior segment involvement, which can lead to blindness with recurrent inflammatory attacks, has a very important prognostic value in ocular Behçet's disease (BD). This study evaluated the frequency and characteristics of posterior segment involvement and the causes of visual impairment in patients with ocular BD. Methods We retrospectively evaluated 257 eyes of the 131 patients who were followed from 1993 to 2001 in the Uveitis and BD division of SSK Ankara Eye Hospital, Turkey. Results The mean follow-up was 49.2 ± 27.4 months. Thirty-one of the paients were female (23.6%) and 100 male (76.4%). The mean age was 25.1±7.9. Fundus changes were observed in 213 (82.9%) eyes and were bilateral in 87%, and vitritis was present in 239 (93%) eyes. The most frequent fundus changes were vascular sheathing in 61 eyes (23.7%), optic atrophy in 46 (17.9%), macular edema in 29 (11.3%), retinal hemorrhage in 23 (9%), macular scar in 21 (8.2%), optic disc paleness in 19 (7.4%), retinal edema in 17 (6.6%), branch retinal vein occlusion in 15 (5.8%). The most common fluorescein angiography findings were diffuse vascular leakage in 98 (38%), hyperfluorescence of the optic disc in 38 (14.8%) and hyperfluorescence of the macula in 29 eyes (11.3%). Visual acuity was <1/10 in 85 (33%) of the eyes. Optic atrophy was the main cause (54.1%) of permanent visual impairment. Conclusions Posterior segment involvement is the most serious ocular complication of BD, leading to blindness with recurrent attacks. Following patients closely, performing fluorescein angiography in all patients diagnosed as BD even they have no clinical ocular involvement, and early treatment are very important in the prognosis of the disease.
Escherichia Coli Endophthalmitis after Trans-Scleral Resection of Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Balestrazzi A. , Blasi M.A. , Primitivo S. , Balestrazzi E. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report a case of Escherichia coli endophthalmitis after trans-scleral resection of an uveal melanoma. Methods A large ciliary body melanoma was treated by trans-scleral resection and full-thickness sclerectomy because of epibulbar tumor extrusion, followed by adjuvant ruthenium plaque therapy. Results Two months after treatment the patient developed wound dehiscence and consecutive endophthalmitis. Cultures of the involved sclera yielded Escherichia coli. The infection resolved after systemic intravenous ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone, with aggressive topical ciprofloxacin and tobramycin. Final visual acuity was light perception. Conclusions We assume that the ruthenium plaque placed over the scleral patch was responsible for the delay in scleral healing, with consequent wound dehiscence and E. coli endophthalmitis.
Expression of Sox9 and Type IIA Procollagen during Ocular Development and Aging in Transgenic Del1 Mice with a Mutation in the Type II Collagen Gene
Authors: Ihanamäki T. , Säämänen A.-M. , Suominen J. , Pelliniemi L.J. , Harley V. , Vuorio E. , Salminen H. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To study the expression and distribution of transcription factor Sox9 and type IIA procollagen in the developing and aging eyes of normal and transgenic Del1 mice carrying proa1(II) collagen transgenes with a short deletion mutation, which cause ocular abnormalities in this mouse line. Methods The eyes of Del1 mice were studied on embryonic days E14.5, E16.5 and E18.5, and at the ages of 4 and nine months, using their nontransgenic littermates as controls. Sox9 and proa1(IIA) collagen were detected by RNase protection assay and immunohistochemistry. Results RNase protection assay revealed Sox9 transcripts in the eyes of Del1 and control mice during development and aging. The mRNA for type IIA procollagen had a similar temporal expression pattern. On embryonic days E14.5, E16.5 and E18.5, Sox9 was located by immunohistochemistry in the nuclei and type IIA procollagen in the extracellular space of the developing retina. During growth and aging, the ocular expression of Sox9 mRNA and the immunohistochemical reaction for Sox9 antibody diminished, concomitant with the reduction in type II procollagen mRNA. However, at the age of nine months, levels of Sox9 and type IIA procollagen mRNAs were higher in the degenerating eyes of Del1 and control mice. Conclusions The similarities in the temporo-spatial distribution of Sox9 and type IIA procollagen suggest that this transcription factor is involved in the activation of type II collagen expression in the eye, as has been demonstrated in prechondrogenic mesenchyme and immature cartilage. The increased production of Sox9 and type IIA procollagen in the aging retina and vitreous is analogous to degenerating articular cartilage where attempted tissue repair has also been observed.
Macular Thickness Measured by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Lattanzio R. , Brancato R. , Pierro L. , Bandello F. , Iaccheri B. , Fiore T. , Maestranzi G. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose 1) To compare macular thickness (MT) by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in diabetics and controls; 2) to assess the relationship between MT and stage of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and macular edema (ME); 3) to quantify MT changes after laser treatment for ME. Methods One-hundred and thirty-seven patients with diabetes mellitus (216 eyes) were admitted to the study and examined by stereo-color fundus photos, retinal fluorangiography and OCT. DR was classified as: 1) no DR (46 eyes: 21.3%); 2) background DR (66 eyes: 30.6%); 3) pre-proliferative DR (50 eyes: 23.1%); 4) proliferative DR (54 eyes: 25%). The study group was then divided into three ME groups: 1) no edema (65 eyes: 30.1%); 2) not clinically significant ME (no CSME) (45 eyes: 20.8%); 3) clinically significant macular edema (CSME) (106 eyes: 49.1%). Three-month follow-up tomograms were taken to evaluate eyes laser-treated only for ME. The control group consisted of 50 eyes of 50 non-diabetic, age- and sex-matched subjects. Results MT was 369.3±163.2 μm in diabetics and 161.9±12.9 μm in controls (p<0.001). In the four DR groups it was: 1) 211.0±37.6 μm; 2) 370.8±159.6 μm; 3) 419.1±138.2 μm; 4) 456.1±162.0 μm (p<0.001). In the three ME groups, MT was: 1) 227.8±53.4 μm; 2) 321.8±124.2 μm; 3) 476.2±146.6 μm (p<0.001). In the 52 eyes treated with laser photocoagulation of the posterior pole only and with a follow-up > 3 months, MT before and after treatment was 468.2±83. 17 μm and 372.1±120.63 μm. Conclusions MT was greater in diabetics than controls and tended to increase with DR and ME severity. OCT is a sensitive technique for detecting early diabetic macular abnormalities and quantifying their reduction after laser treatment.
Our Experience with Perfluorohexyloctane (F6H8) as a Temporary Endotamponade in Vitreoretinal Surgery
Authors: Stefaniotou M.I. , Aspiotis M.V. , Kitsos G.D. , Kalogeropoulos CHR.D. , Asproudis I.C. , Psilas K.G. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the use of F6H8 as a temporary endotamponade for complicated and special cases of retinal detachment instead of silicone oil. Methods We have used F6H8 with 14 patients since February 1999. Eight suffered from rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) with multiple tears located inferiorly. Three presented inferior traction retinal detachment (TRD) under silicone oil, two suffered from ocular trauma with inferior TRD, and one had idiopathic macular hole. The substance was introduced into the eye after pars plana vitrectomy and membrane peeling if needed, and we tried to introduce as much as possible. Results With F6H8 the retina was easily reattached in all cases, like with perfluorocarbon liquids. The postoperative view was very good. F6H8 was removed in all cases after 3–8 weeks. Anatomical success was achieved in 12 out of 14 eyes. Two eyes presented severe PVR. F6H8 entered the anterior chamber in 4 cases, but no corneal complications occurred. In one case there was a marked IOP rise due to an anterior block, treated with superior iridotomy. In two cases retinal detachment (RD) occurred in the upper part and was treated with additional surgery, F6H8 removal and silicone oil injection. Conclusions F6H8 seems to be a promising tamponade agent for special cases of RD.
Outcomes of Surgical (Pars Plicata and Limbal Lensectomy, Vitrectomy) and Non-surgical Management of Persistent Fetal Vasculature (PFV): An Analysis of 54 Eyes
Authors: Soheilian M. , Vistamehr S. , Rahmani B. , Ahmadieh H. , Azarmina M. , Mashayekhi A. , Sajjadi H. , Dehghan M.H. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To identify clinical characteristics associated with outcomes of treatment for persistent fetal vasculature (PFV) based on a modified classification. Methods In this noncomparative case series, 54 eyes of 47 consecutive patients with PFV managed from 1981 until 1998 at a tertiary eye hospital were reviewed. Pars plicata lensectomy and vitrectomy was performed in 34 eyes and translimbal lensectomy and vitrectomy in five. Fifteen eyes were managed non-surgically. The following outcomes were measured: 1) “Visual improvement”, defined as at least one Zipf's category improvement of best corrected final vision as compared with initial visual acuity, provided that final vision of CSUM (central, steady, unmaintained) equal to 20/100–20/30 was obtained. 2) “Cosmetic acceptability”, defined as the absence of the following: small orbit, externally small appearing eye with microcornea and hypotony, eye deviation more than 35 prism diopters without strabismus surgery and corneal opacity. Results Six eyes were inoperable. In 10 out of 33 operated eyes (30.3%) improvement of vision was obtained including four eyes with an anterior form and six eyes with a combined form of PFV. In univariate analysis, factors such as anterior form of PFV, surgery in the combined form and having a normal retina, had a weak association with a higher chance of visual improvement. In multivariate regression analysis the likelihood of unacceptable cosmetic appearance was higher in females than males (OR = 10.5), and in bilateral cases (OR = 7.9). Offspring of consanguineous marriages had more severe forms of PFV. Conclusions Although visual potential is limited in PFV, some eyes with an anterior or combined form and normal retina achieved improvement of visual acuity after surgery. However, statistically no single factor except sex and bilateral PFV (for cosmetic unacceptability) reliably predicted the results of treatment. Therapy should be individualized based on clinical findings. Genetic studies in offspring of consanguineous marriages with PFV may prove informative.
Ladies with Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy: An Atypical Disease
Authors: Dandekar S.S. , Graham E.M. , Plant G.T. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) is considered to be a disease predominantly affecting young males. The risk of women becoming symptomatic if they are carriers of a primary mutation is 1/5 of that in males. The disease however appears to behave differently in women in some instances. We describe three cases of ladies with LHON and discuss the importance of making the diagnosis. Case Reports A 28-year-old female presented with blurring of vision in her left eye with bilateral small hyperemic discs and telangiectatic vessels adjacent to them. DNA analysis confirmed the 11778 mutation and the second eye remains unaffected 10 years later. The second case was 49 years old and presented with bilateral visual loss developing over 3 months. She had no family history of visual loss but had a past history of Wolf Parkinson White syndrome and 3460 mutation was confirmed. The last case was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis at age 24 and went on to develop visual loss with poor recovery. DNA analysis demonstrated the 11778 mutation and confirmed LHON. Conclusions All three cases, although not unique, posed considerable diagnostic difficulties over a long period of time. The authors have highlighted important associations of the disease and stress the importance of making the diagnosis in women. They are at increased risk of having affected children, unlike the affected males, especially if they are affected themselves and may wish to seek further genetic advice.
Retinal Vein Occlusion in Lymphomatoid Papulosis
Authors: Ramaesh K. , Monaghan H. , Kemmett D. , Gairns S. , Dhillon B. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To describe an unusual patient who presented with hemi-retinal vein occlusion and lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP). Methods Clinicopathological case study. Results A 42 year old female patient presented with blurring of vision in her left eye and a nodular eruption of the skin involving arms, face and torso. She also complained of a non-itchy, blotchy rash on the arms, face and torso lasting for period of three months. Ocular examination showed a left superior hemi-retinal vein occlusion. The nodules resolved spontaneously over a period of two-three weeks leaving a faint scar. Hematological and systemic evaluation for auto-immune disorders, hypercoagulability, systemic malignancy and lymphoma were negative. A biopsy of the skin nodule was performed which showed infiltration of lymphoid blast cells which were CD30 positive. Based on the clinicopathological features a diagnosis of lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) was made. Conclusions Clinical and pathological features of this patient may suggest the retinal vein occlusion may be secondary to LyP.
Ipsilateral Orbital Cavernous Hemangioma and Choroidal Hemangioma
Authors: Kiratli H. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose A unique case of simultaneous ipsilateral choroidal and orbital hemangiomas is described. Methods A 71-year-old man was found to have a left orbital intraconal mass while being worked up for intractable headache. He also had a left juxtapapillary choriodal hemangioma which did not cause any leakage to macular area. Results The left intraconal tumor was removed by medial transconjunctival orbitotomy. Histopathological examination revealed cavernous hemangioma. The ipsilateral choroidal hemangioma was managed by observation only. During 15 months of follow-up, there has been no growth or accumulation of subretinal fluid. Conclusions The occurrence of orbital cavernous and choroidal hemangiomas on the same side suggests common pathogenic derangement acting on two different sites.
New Findings in the Parry-Romberg Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Bandello F. , Rosa N. , Ghisolfi F. , Sebastiani A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To describe further findings in the Parry-Romberg syndrome that might contribute towards a better understanding of the disease. Design Case report. Methods The clinical history of a patient with the Parry-Romberg syndrome was studied, and fluorangiography and echography were carried out. Results Clinical observation revealed classic hemifacial atrophy; fluorescein angiography showed teleangectases, light staining of the retina, and leakage from the largest teleangectasis and the optic disc vessels; echography showed shrinkage of the eyeball and thinning of the extraocular muscles. Conclusions Enophthalmos in this disease is caused not only by progressive fat atrophy but also by shrinkage of the eyeball and thinning of the extraocular muscles; the shrinkage of the eyeball helps explain the presence of choroidal and retinal folding and hyperopia, confirming the primary involvement of connective tissue in this disease.
A Method for Detecting Progression in Glaucoma Patients with Deep, Localized Perimetric Defects
Authors: Corallo G. , Gandolfo E. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To define a method for early detection of progressive visual field loss, based on monitoring the “healthy” component of the visual field, in glaucoma patients whose perimetric findings show the co-existence of deep scotomata and normal sensitivity areas. Methods We reviewed all the “central 30–2 threshold tests” stored in the oldest of our Humphrey perimeters (a 640 VFA model, in use at the Glaucoma Service of the University Eye Clinic of Genoa since 1986). Only the perimetric findings of glaucoma patients with pure, deep, localized defects were collected for this study. In accordance with several inclusion criteria, we could select only 12 series of consecutive examinations (12 eyes of 12 patients). Each series included 12 to 20 examinations and the observation period ranged from 6 years 2 months to 9 years 4 months. Some pre-defined criteria made it possible to separate the defective component of the visual field from the “healthy” one. Then two independent “mean deviations” were calculated, one related to the “healthy” area and one to the defective one. Results The mean deviation related to the “healthy” component of the visual field showed very little variation (0.6 to –1.3 dB) in the four series that had no increase in defects, even at the end of the observation period. However, in 7 of the 8 series with a tendency to worsen there was a small inter-test increase (–2.2 to –2.6 dB). This finding anticipated the enlargement of the scotomata, confirmed by subsequent examinations. Only in one series did the increase of the mean deviation related to the “healthy” area coincide in time with the real deterioration of the visual field, rather than anticipating it, but the inter-test interval had by chance been much longer than in the other series. The mean deviation related to the defective areas always showed very large changes in all the series, caused by the high variability of thresholds inside scotomata. This was the explanation for the large variations revealed by the “global” mean deviation too. Conclusions Detecting progression is still one of the major problems in evaluating perimetric results. It might be easier to achieve this goal with a method for selectively monitoring light sensitivity inside the “healthy” areas of the visual field.
Retinochoroiditis Associated with Congenital Toxoplasmosis in Children: IgG Antibody Profiles Demonstrating the Synthesis of Local Antibodies
Authors: De Marco R. , Ceccarelli R. , Frulio R. , Palmero C. , Vittone P. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Retinochoroiditis is generally diagnosed after the first year of life and the association with congenital toxoplasmosis presents a diagnostic dilemma. The detection of local intraocular specific antibodies could be useful for diagnosis. Methods We studied six patients (mean age 7±5 years) with retinochoroiditis which appeared after the first year of life. Aqueous and serum were analysed by immunoblotting for anti T. gondii IgG to diagnose toxoplasmosis. Results All serum samples were positive only for anti T. gondii IgG. The retinochoroiditis was active in three patients and inactive in the others. Immunoblot analysis of serum and aqueous from the patients with active lesions showed IgG versus the specific antigen of T. gondii. In the patients with inactive lesions the pattern was the same in the two compartments. In active forms, aqueous and serum Western blot patterns differed in proteins lower than 16kDa and higher than 116kDa: in aqueous the findings were typically positive for 30kDa. Conclusions Aqueous humour analysis by the Western blot technique may be useful in the diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis. In the present small series, we nevertheless detected different patterns for inactive and active retinochoroiditis, confirming the diagnosis in the latter. Aqueous humour paracentesis may be indicated in a child with active retinochoroiditis with unusual clinical features, appearing after the first year of life, and with no clinical or serological evidence of congenital infection.