bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Zealand Theosophists in “New Education” networks, 1880s-1938
Authors: Middleton Sue C. 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
It is well-known that Beatrice Ensor, who founded the New Education Fellowship (NEF) in 1921, was a Theosophist and that from 1915 the Theosophical Fraternity in Education she established laid the foundations for the NEF. However, little research has been performed on the Fraternity itself. The travels of Theosophists, texts, money and ideas between Auckland, India and London from the late nineteenth century offer insights into “New Education” networking in the British Commonwealth more broadly. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper draws on archival documents from the Adyar Library and Research Centre, International Theosophical Society (TS) headquarters, Chennai, India; the archive at the headquarters of the New Zealand Section of the TS, Epsom, Auckland; the NEF files at the archive of the London Institute of Education; papers past digital newspaper archive.

Findings
New Zealand’s first affiliated NEF group was set up by the principal of the Vasanta Gardens Theosophical School, Epsom, in 1933. She was also involved in the New Zealand Section of the Theosophical Fraternity, which held conferences from 1917 to 1927. New Zealand’s Fraternity and Theosophical Education Trust had close links with their counterparts in England and India. The setting up of New Zealand’s first NEF group was enabled by networks created between Theosophists in New Zealand, India and England from the late nineteenth century.

Originality/value
The contribution of Theosophists to the new education movement has received little attention internationally. Theosophical educational theory and Theosophists’ contributions to New Zealand Education have not previously been studied. Combining transnational historiography with critical geography, this case study of networks between New Zealand, Adyar (India) and London lays groundwork for a wider “spatial history” of Theosophy and new education.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in advanced cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Saruta Hiroshi , Ohata Chika , Muto Ikko , Imamura Taichi , Oku Eijiro , Ohshima Koichi , Nagafuji Koji , Nakama Takekuni 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe retrospectively reviewed data pertaining to five patients with cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL) who had received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) between 2004 and 2015 at Kurume University Hospital, along with their clinical data until March 2016. For patients with advanced CTCL eligible for HSCT, autologous HSCT was performed when they responded well to chemotherapy, and allogeneic HSCT was selected for patients with advanced mycosis fungoides (MF)/Sézary syndrome (SS) and CTCL other than MF/SS with poor chemosensitivity. Two patients (primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma and primary cutaneous CD8+ aggressive epidermotropic cytotoxic T‐cell lymphoma) who responded well to chemotherapy received autologous HSCT: one patient was alive in partial remission and the other died due to therapy‐related acute myeloid leukemia without disease relapse. In the remaining three patients with MF or SS, allogeneic HSCT was performed. Although one patient with MF died due to disease progression, the remaining two patients were alive in complete remission. Although there were two deaths in this study, the outcomes were considered satisfactory.
Changing Attitudes to the Past: Lieux de Mémoire and Contested Histories
Authors: Catterall Peter 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWhat societies choose to remember about the Past can pose challenges for professional gatekeepers in museums, archives and statutory bodies charged with managing national heritage. Recent examples examined in this article include the inauguration of the National Museum of African American History and Culture in Washington, the 2016 Capability Brown Festival, changing attitudes towards poppies and the Rhodes Must Fall movement. These are explored through establishing a taxonomy of the eight functions that lieux de mémoire fulfil in the course of reflecting the Past to the Present. Drawing attention to the way in which the imperialism of the Past is buried beneath the pristine lawns of Capability Brown's gardens in the Present, this article concludes by warning that lieux de mémoire can provide an aesthetic veneer, glossing over aspects of the Past that societies, or elites within those societies, would, for their own purposes, rather forget.
HPV testing in first‐void urine provides sensitivity for CIN2+ detection comparable with a smear taken by a clinician or a brush‐based self‐sample: cross‐sectional data from a triage population
Authors: Leeman A , del Pino M , Molijn A , Rodriguez A , Torné A , de Koning M , Ordi J , van Kemenade F , Jenkins D , Quint W 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveTo compare the sensitivity of high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) and genotype detection in self‐collected urine samples in the morning (U1), and later on (U2), brush‐based self‐samples (SS), and clinician‐taken smears (CTS) for detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2+ (CIN2+) in a colposcopic referral population.DesignCross‐sectional single‐centre study.SettingA colposcopy clinic in Spain.PopulationA cohort of 113 women referred for colposcopy after an abnormal Pap smear.MethodsWomen undergoing colposcopy with biopsy for abnormal Pap smears were sent a device (Colli‐Pee™, Novosanis, Wijnegem, Belgium) to collect U1 on the morning of colposcopy. U2, CTS, and SS (Evalyn brush™, Rovers Medical Devices B.V., Oss, the Netherlands) were also analysed. All samples were tested for HPV DNA using the analytically sensitive SPF10‐DEIA‐LiPA25 assay and the clinically validated GP5+/6+‐EIA‐LMNX.Main outcome measuresHistologically confirmed CIN2+ and hrHPV positivity for 14 high‐risk HPV types.ResultsSamples from 91 patients were analysed. All CIN3 cases (n = 6) tested positive for hrHPV in CTS, SS, U1, and U2 with both HPV assays. Sensitivity for CIN2+ with the SPF10 system was 100, 100, 95, and 100%, respectively. With the GP5+/6+ assay, sensitivity was 95% in all sample types. The sensitivities and specificities for both tests on each of the sample types did not significantly differ. There was 10–14% discordance on hrHPV genotype.ConclusionsCIN2+ detection using HPV testing of U1 shows a sensitivity similar to that of CTS or brush‐based SS, and is convenient. There was substantial to almost excellent agreement between all samples on genotype with both hrHPV assays. There was no advantage in testing U1 compared with U2 samples.Tweetable abstractSimilar CIN2+ sensitivity for HPV testing in first‐void urine, physician‐taken smear and brush‐based self‐sample.
An Examination of the Statistical Significance and Economic Relevance of Profitability and Earnings Forecasts from Models and Analysts
Authors: Evans Mark E. , Njoroge Kenneth , Yong Kevin Ow 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we propose and empirically test a cross‐sectional profitability forecasting model which incorporates two major improvements relative to extant models. First, in terms of model construction, we incorporate mean reversion through the use of a two‐stage partial adjustment model and inclusion of a number of additional relevant determinants of profitability. Second, in terms of model estimation, we employ least absolute deviation (LAD) analysis instead of ordinary least squares because the former approach is able to better accommodate outliers. Results reveal that forecasts from our model are more accurate than three extant models at every forecast horizon considered and more accurate than consensus analyst forecasts at forecast horizons of two through five years. Further analysis reveals that LAD estimation provides the greatest incremental accuracy improvement followed by the inclusion of income subcomponents as predictor variables, and implementation of the two‐stage partial adjustment model. In terms of economic relevance, we find that forecasts from our model are informative about future returns, incremental to forecasts from other models, analysts’ forecasts, and standard risk factors. Overall, our results are important because they document the increased accuracy and economic relevance of a cross‐sectional profitability forecasting model which incorporates improvements to extant models in terms of model construction and estimation.
Effects of species and soil‐nitrogen availability on root system architecture traits – study on a set of weed and crop species
Authors: Moreau D. , Abiven F. , Busset H. , Matejicek A. , Pagès L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBetter managing crop : weed competition in cropping systems while reducing both nitrogen and herbicide inputs is a real challenge that requires a better understanding of crop and weed root architecture in relation to soil‐nitrogen availability. An original approach was used which considered the parameters of a simulation model of root architecture as traits to analyse (a) the interspecific diversity of root system architecture, and (b) its response to soil‐nitrogen availability. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted using three crop and nine weed species grown at two contrasted concentrations of soil‐nitrogen availability. Plant traits were measured to characterise both overall plant growth and root architecture, with a focus on primary root emergence, root elongation and branching. The studied root traits varied among species (from a twofold to a fourfold factor, depending on the trait), validating their use as indicators to analyse the interspecific variability of root architecture. The largest interspecies differences were for two traits: ‘maximal apical root diameter’ and ‘interbranch distance’ (distance between two successive laterals on the same root). Conversely, most of the studied root traits varied little with soil‐nitrogen availability (from no variation to a 1.1‐fold factor, depending on the trait) even though soil‐nitrogen availability varied with a 17‐fold factor and impacted the overall shoot and root biomass. So, the root traits used in this article are stable whatever soil‐nitrogen availability. As they reflect processes underlying root system architecture, this low effect of nitrogen suggests that the rules governing root architecture are little affected by plant nitrogen status and soil‐nitrogen availability. We propose that the determinants of differences in root system architecture between soils with contrasted nitrogen availability mainly originate from differences in the amount of carbon allocated to and within the root system. Characterising each plant species by a combination of root traits gave insights regarding the potential species competitive ability for soil resources in agroecosystems.
Embedded Clinical Decision Support in Electronic Health Record Decreases Use of High‐cost Imaging in the Emergency Department: EmbED study
Authors: Bookman Kelly , West David , Ginde Adit , Wiler Jennifer , McIntyre Robert , Hammes Andrew , Carlson Nichole , Steinbruner David , Solley Matthew , Zane Richard 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe objective was to evaluate the impact of evidence‐based clinical decision support tools integrated directly into provider workflow in the electronic health record on utilization of computed tomography (CT) brain, C‐spine, and pulmonary embolism (PE).MethodsValidated, well‐accepted scoring tools for head injury, C‐spine injury, and PE were embedded into the electronic health record in a manner minimally disruptive to provider workflow. This was a longitudinal, before/after study in five emergency departments (EDs) in a healthcare system with a common electronic health record. Attending ED physicians practicing during the entire study period were included. The main outcome measure was proportion of CTs ordered by provider (total number of CT scans of a given type divided by total patients seen by that provider) in aggregate in the pre‐ and post intervention period.ResultsThere were 235,858 total patient visits analyzed in this study with an absolute decrease of 6,106 CT scan ordering for the three studies. Across all sites, there was greater than 6% decrease in utilization of CT brain and CT C‐spine (–10%, 95% CI = –13% to –7%, p < 0.001; and –6%, 95% CI =–11% to –1%, p = 0.03, respectively). The use of CT PE also decreased but was not significant (–2%, 95% CI = –9% to +5%, p = 0.42). For all CT types, high utilizers in the pre‐intervention period decreased usage over 14% in the post‐intervention period with CT brain (–18%, 95% CI = –22% to –15%, p < 0.001), CT C‐spine (–14%, 95% CI = –20% to –8%, p = 0.001), and CT PE (–23%, 95% CI = –31% to –14%, p < 0.001). For all three studies, the average utilizers did not change their usage practices. For CT brain, the low utilizers also did not increase usage but for CT C‐spine and CT PE usage was increased (+29%, 95% CI = 10% to 52%, p = 0.003; and +46%, 95% CI = 26% to 70%, p < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionEmbedded clinical decision support is associated with decreased overall utilization of high‐cost imaging, especially among higher utilizers. It also affected low utilizers, increasing their usage consistent with improved adherence to guidelines, but this effect did not offset the overall decreased utilization for CT brain or CT C‐spine. Thus, integrating clinical decision support into the provider workflow promotes usage of validated tools across providers, which can standardize the delivery of care and improve compliance with evidence‐based guidelines.
Altered fatty acid metabolism and reduced stearoyl‐coenzyme a desaturase activity in asthma
Authors: Rodriguez‐Perez N. , Schiavi E. , Frei R. , Ferstl R. , Wawrzyniak P. , Smolinska S. , Sokolowska M. , Sievi N.A. , Kohler M. , Schmid‐Grendelmeier P. , Michalovich D. , Simpson K.D. , Hessel E.M. , Jutel M. , Martin‐Fontecha M. , Palomares O. , Akdis C.A. , O'Mahony L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundFatty acids and lipid mediator signaling play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma, yet this area remains largely underexplored. The aims of this study were (i) to examine fatty acid levels and their metabolism in obese and nonobese asthma patients and (ii) to determine the functional effects of altered fatty acid metabolism in experimental models.MethodsMedium‐ and long‐chain fatty acid levels were quantified in serum from 161 human volunteers by LC/MS. Changes in stearoyl‐coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) expression and activity were evaluated in the ovalbumin (OVA) and house dust mite (HDM) murine models. Primary human bronchial epithelial cells from asthma patients and controls were evaluated for SCD expression and activity.ResultsThe serum desaturation index (an indirect measure of SCD) was significantly reduced in nonobese asthma patients and in the OVA murine model. SCD1 gene expression was significantly reduced within the lungs following OVA or HDM challenge. Inhibition of SCD in mice promoted airway hyper‐responsiveness. SCD1 expression was suppressed in bronchial epithelial cells from asthma patients. IL‐4 and IL‐13 reduced epithelial cell SCD1 expression. Inhibition of SCD reduced surfactant protein C expression and suppressed rhinovirus‐induced IP‐10 secretion, which was associated with increased viral titers.ConclusionsThis is the first study to demonstrate decreased fatty acid desaturase activity in humans with asthma. Experimental models in mice and human epithelial cells suggest that inhibition of desaturase activity leads to airway hyper‐responsiveness and reduced antiviral defense. SCD may represent a new target for therapeutic intervention in asthma patients.
Topographic analysis of eyelid position using digital image processing software
Authors: Chun Yeoun Sook , Park Hong Hyun , Park In Ki , Moon Nam Ju , Park Sang Joon , Lee Jeong Kyu 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPurposeTo propose a novel analysis technique for objective quantification of topographic eyelid position with an algorithmatically calculated scheme and to determine its feasibility.MethodsOne hundred normal eyelids from 100 patients were segmented using a graph cut algorithm, and 11 shape features of eyelids were semi‐automatically quantified using in‐house software. To evaluate the intra‐ and inter‐examiner reliability of this software, intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used. To evaluate the diagnostic value of this scheme, the correlations between semi‐automatic and manual measurements of margin reflex distance 1 (MRD1) and margin reflex distance 2 (MRD2) were analysed using a Bland–Altman analysis. To determine the degree of agreement according to manual MRD length, the relationship between the variance of semi‐automatic measurements and the manual measurements was evaluated using linear regression.ResultsIntra‐ and inter‐examiner reliability were excellent, with ICCs ranging from 0.913 to 0.980 in 11 shape features including MRD1, MRD2, palpebral fissure, lid perimeter, upper and lower lid lengths, roundness, total area, and medial, central, and lateral areas. The correlations between semi‐automatic and manual MRDs were also excellent, with better correlation in MRD1 than in MRD2 (R = 0.893 and 0.823, respectively). In addition, significant positive relationships were observed between the variance and the length of MRD1 and 2; the longer the MRD length, the more the variance.ConclusionThe proposed novel optimized integrative scheme, which is shown to have high repeatability and reproducibility, is useful for topographic analysis of eyelid position.
Factors affecting signal strength in spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography
Authors: Lee Ryan , Tham Yih‐Chung , Cheung Carol Y. , Sidhartha Elizabeth , Siantar Rosalynn Grace , Lim Sing‐Hui , Wong Tien Yin , Cheng Ching‐Yu 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPurposeTo identify ocular factors that affect signal strength in spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT).MethodsData from 1312 participants of the population‐based Singapore Malay Eye Study‐2 (SiMES‐2) were included in the analysis. All participants underwent standardized ophthalmic examination, including measurements of best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA), refractive error, axial length, corneal curvature and presence of cataracts. Optic disc and macular cube scans were acquired using the Cirrus HD‐OCT (software version 6.0, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA, USA). Signal strength of the optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan was recorded for each study eye. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the associations between ocular factors and signal strength of the OCT scans.Results: The mean (±SD) age of our study participants was 61 ± 9 years, and 44.6% were male. Mean optic disc scan signal strength was 7.90 ± 1.25, range = 0–10, while mean macular scan signal strength was 8.80 ± 1.27, range = 0–10. In multivariable regression analyses, poorer signal strength in optic disc and macular cube scans was each associated with older age (per decade, β = −0.373, p < 0.001; β = −0.373, p < 0.001, respectively), poorer BCVA (per logMAR line; β = −0.123, p < 0.001; β = −0.156, p < 0.001, respectively), greater degree of myopia (per negative dioptre of spherical equivalent; β = −0.112, p < 0.001; β = −0.117, p < 0.001, respectively), presence of cortical cataracts (β = −0.331, p < 0.001; β = −0.314, p < 0.001, respectively) and presence of posterior subcapsular cataracts (β = −0.910, p < 0.001; β = −0.797, p < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionWe found that older age, poorer BCVA, greater degree of myopia and presence of cortical and posterior subcapsular cataracts were associated with reduced signal strength in Cirrus SD‐OCT. Our findings provide information on the barriers to obtaining good image quality when using SD‐OCT, and allow clinicians to potentially identify individuals who are more likely to have unreliable OCT measurements.
Fundus imaging in newborn children with wide‐field scanning laser ophthalmoscope
Authors: Magnusdottir Vigdis , Vehmeijer Wouter B. , Eliasdottir Thorunn S. , Hardarson Sveinn H. , Schalij‐Delfos Nicoline E. , Stefánsson Einar 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPurposeCurrent fundus imaging in newborn babies requires mydriatics, eye specula and corneal contact. We propose that a scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) allows ultra wide‐field imaging with reduced stress for the child.MethodsThis prospective observational single centre study was conducted in Landspítali, University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland. In this study, a noncontact wide‐field SLO (Optomap 200Tx) was used to image the retina in healthy full‐term newborns without the use of mydriatics or eye specula. The child was held by one of the parents, while one of the researchers supported the child's head in front of the SLO camera for alignment and opened the eye with either a finger or a cotton tip.ResultsFifty‐nine participants were recruited (34 females). The mean age was 16 days, and the mean gestational age was 40 ± 1 weeks at the time of imaging. Ultra‐wide‐field (200°) images were obtained of 44 participants. Twenty‐seven participants (61%) had at least one ultra wide‐field image with the optic disc and vessel segments in all quadrants of the fundus visible and in focus. No retinal pathology was found in the participants with the exception of one participant with small retinal haemorrhages.ConclusionScanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) ultra‐wide‐field fundus imaging is feasible in healthy full‐term newborns without corneal contact, eye speculum or mydriatics. This approach could be an improvement for retinal imaging in newborn infants. Eye movement of the infant, whether asleep or awake, influenced which part of the fundus was captured, but focus and image quality were generally good.
Enhancing Urban Façades via LiDAR‐Based Sculpting
Authors: Peethambaran Jiju , Wang Ruisheng 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBuildings with symmetrical façades are ubiquitous in urban landscapes and detailed models of these buildings enhance the visual realism of digital urban scenes. However, a vast majority of the existing urban building models in web‐based 3D maps such as Google earth are either less detailed or heavily rely on texturing to render the details. We present a new framework for enhancing the details of such coarse models, using the geometry and symmetry inferred from the light detection and ranging (LiDAR) scans and 2D templates. The user‐defined 2D templates, referred to as coded planar meshes (CPMs), encodes the geometry of the smallest repeating 3D structures of the façades via face codes. Our encoding scheme, take into account the directions, type as well as the offset distance of the sculpting to be applied at the respective locations on the coarse model. In our approach, LiDAR scan is registered with the coarse models taken from Google earth 3D or Bing maps 3D and decomposed into dominant planar segments (each representing the frontal or lateral walls of the building). The façade segments are then split into horizontal and vertical tiles using a weighted point count function defined over the window or door boundaries. This is followed by an automatic identification of CPM locations with the help of a template fitting algorithm that respects the alignment regularity as well as the inter‐element spacing on the façade layout. Finally, 3D boolean sculpting operations are applied over the boxes induced by CPMs and the coarse model, and a detailed 3D model is generated. The proposed framework is capable of modelling details even with occluded scans and enhances not only the frontal façades (facing to the streets) but also the lateral façades of the buildings. We demonstrate the potentials of the proposed framework by providing several examples of enhanced Google earth models and highlight the advantages of our method when designing photo‐realistic urban façades.