bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Institutions and organizations
Authors: Dixit Avinash 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Markets are not the only place where transactions take place. ‘Institutions and organizations’ highlights other platforms and institutions — families, social groups and networks, industry associations, and governments — where some transactions work better. Successful specialization and transaction have two basic prerequisites: security of property and of contract. Property rights and contract enforcement, and the state and non-state institutions of governance that control them, are considered. The needs of some specialized transactions are best met by creating special markets or market-like platforms by intermediaries for the two sides in a transaction to meet. Market design, matching markets, and auctions are discussed.
Zionism in World War II and its aftermath
Authors: Stanislawski Michael 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
”Zionism in World War II and its aftermath” explains that at the onset of war, the Zionist movement could only focus on supporting the Allies. After the war, the majority of Jewish and Zionist activists supported the idea of partitioning Palestine into separate Jewish and Arab states. In May 1947, Britain announced that it was handing over the Palestine problem to the newly formed United Nations, and that it would unilaterally terminate the mandate over Palestine on May 15, 1948. In November 1947, the General Assembly voted on a partition plan and, with Soviet support, passed it. A civil war between the Palestinians and the Jews began immediately.
Epilogue
Authors: Stanislawski Michael 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
While Zionism’s achievement of a state, language, and culture is undeniable, profound questions remain, even beyond the future of the peace process and the Occupation, about the viability of secular Zionism. The largest group of Jewish citizens of the State of Israel remain secular Zionists, even if they are in tortuous disagreement about what secular Zionism means. The epilogue explains that the true challenge to secular Zionism in Israel is to respond creatively and in line with democratic principles to the growth and power of the Ultra-Orthodox, most of whom remain steadfastly “non-Zionist” and some virulently anti-Zionist.
Efficient approximations of RNA kinetics landscape using non-redundant sampling
Authors: Michálik Juraj , Touzet Hélène , Ponty Yann 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Kinetics is key to understand many phenomena involving RNAs, such as co-transcriptional folding and riboswitches. Exact out-of-equilibrium studies induce extreme computational demands, leading state-of-the-art methods to rely on approximated kinetics landscapes, obtained using sampling strategies that strive to generate the key landmarks of the landscape topology. However, such methods are impeded by a large level of redundancy within sampled sets. Such a redundancy is uninformative, and obfuscates important intermediate states, leading to an incomplete vision of RNA dynamics.

Results
We introduce RNANR, a new set of algorithms for the exploration of RNA kinetics landscapes at the secondary structure level. RNANR considers locally optimal structures, a reduced set of RNA conformations, in order to focus its sampling on basins in the kinetic landscape. Along with an exhaustive enumeration, RNANR implements a novel non-redundant stochastic sampling, and offers a rich array of structural parameters. Our tests on both real and random RNAs reveal that RNANR allows to generate more unique structures in a given time than its competitors, and allows a deeper exploration of kinetics landscapes.

Availability and implementation
RNANR is freely available at https://project.inria.fr/rnalands/rnanr.
Looking Beyond the Cell in Cellulitis
Authors: Maida Vincent , Cheung Joyce T. W. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:
Patients with erythematous skin are likely to receive a diagnosis of cellulitis; however, the accuracy of this diagnosis is approximately only 33%. The diagnosis of cellulitis should be made only after a thorough evaluation of all possible differential diagnoses. Cellulitis may be a primary process (superficial spreading infective process involving only the epidermis and dermis) versus a secondary (reactive) process incited by a subcutaneous process, such as an abscess, tenosynovitis, necrotizing fasciitis, and osteomyelitis.

CASE PRESENTATION:
A 50-year-old man was admitted to a general hospital with the diagnosis of cellulitis. He was initially treated with systemic antibiotics without improvement. Following consultation with a wound management physician, the patient received a diagnosis of a pretibial abscess and was treated with surgical evacuation and postoperative systemic antibiotic therapy guided by tissue cultures. A postoperative wound was successfully treated with inelastic compression therapy.

CONCLUSIONS:
This case demonstrates the potential for misdiagnosis when evaluating erythematous skin. Furthermore, concluding that the erythema is due to a primary cellulitis may result in monotherapy with systemic antimicrobial agents. In such cases, making a correct diagnosis through a skillful and complete physical examination of the patient, coupled with appropriate investigations, will lead to the best possible outcome. A comprehensive treatment approach may include systemic antimicrobials, as well as surgical options and compression therapy.
Clinical experience and diagnostic algorithm of vulval Crohn’s disease
Authors: Boxhoorn Lotte , Stoof Tom J. , de Meij Tim , Hoentjen Frank , Oldenburg Bas , Bouma Gerd , Löwenberg Mark , van Bodegraven Adriaan A. , de Boer Nanne K.H. 
Published: April 2017

Background and aim
Vulval Crohn’s disease (VCD) is a rare extraintestinal cutaneous manifestation of Crohn’s disease. No consensus on the diagnostic workup and therapeutic management of this condition has been provided in the current literature.

Patients and methods
Retrospective, multicentre descriptive case series of female patients diagnosed and treated with VCD. By chart review, data on initial symptoms, clinical courses, histologic findings and therapeutic management were collected.

Results
Fifteen female patients with a median age of 28 years (interquartile range: 28–44 years) suffering from Crohn’s disease of the ileum (27%), colon (33%) and ileocolon (40%) were included. VCD manifested most frequently with vulval swelling (93%), pain (80%) and erythema (73%). Histologic analysis demonstrated granulomatous inflammation in 78% and a mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate in 67% of cases. In eight (53%) cases, topical therapy resulted in temporary reduction of vulval symptoms. Combotreatment with immunosuppressive agents and tumour necrosis factor α inhibitors was the most effective second-line therapy: five (33%) patients achieved sustained clinical remission with this therapeutic strategy.

Conclusion
The diagnostic workup of VCD is challenging and should be approached in a multidisciplinary manner. Histopathologic analysis of the vulva supports the diagnosis. Topical therapy and systemic treatment with immunosuppressive agents and tumour necrosis factor α inhibitors are advised to treat this condition.
The Baptist Health Nurse Retention Questionnaire
Authors: Lengerich Alexander , Bugajski Andrew , Marchese Matthew , Hall Brittany , Yackzan Susan , Davies Claire , Brockopp Dorothy 
Published: April 2017

OBJECTIVE
The purposes of this study were to develop and test the Baptist Health Nurse Retention Questionnaire (BHNRQ) and examine the importance of nurse retention factors.

BACKGROUND
Multiple factors, including increasing patient acuity levels, have led to concerns regarding nurse retention. An understanding of current factors related to retention is limited.

METHODS
To establish the psychometric properties of the BHNRQ, data were collected from 279 bedside nurses at a 391-bed, Magnet® redesignated community hospital. A principal component analysis was conducted to determine the subscale structure of the BHNRQ. Additional analyses were conducted related to content validity and test-retest reliability.

RESULTS
The results of the principal components analysis revealed 3 subscales: nursing practice, management, and staffing. Analyses demonstrate that the BHNRQ is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring nurse retention factors.

CONCLUSION
The BHNRQ was found to be a clinically useful instrument for measuring important factors related to nurse retention.
Patient Safety Culture Survey in Pediatric Complex Care Settings: A Factor Analysis
Authors: Hessels Amanda J. , Murray Meghan , Cohen Bevin , Larson Elaine L. 
Published: April 2017

Objectives
Children with complex medical needs are increasing in number and demanding the services of pediatric long-term care facilities (pLTC), which require a focus on patient safety culture (PSC). However, no tool to measure PSC has been tested in this unique hybrid acute care–residential setting. The objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Nursing Home Survey on Patient Safety Culture tool slightly modified for use in the pLTC setting.

Methods
Factor analyses were performed on data collected from 239 staff at 3 pLTC in 2012. Items were screened by principal axis factoring, and the original structure was tested using confirmatory factor analysis. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to identify the best model fit for the pLTC data, and factor reliability was assessed by Cronbach alpha.

Results
The extracted, rotated factor solution suggested items in 4 (staffing, nonpunitive response to mistakes, communication openness, and organizational learning) of the original 12 dimensions may not be a good fit for this population. Nevertheless, in the pLTC setting, both the original and the modified factor solutions demonstrated similar reliabilities to the published consistencies of the survey when tested in adult nursing homes and the items factored nearly identically as theorized.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that the Nursing Home Survey on Patient Safety Culture with minimal modification may be an appropriate instrument to measure PSC in pLTC settings. Additional psychometric testing is recommended to further validate the use of this instrument in this setting, including examining the relationship to safety outcomes. Increased use will yield data for benchmarking purposes across these specialized settings to inform frontline workers and organizational leaders of areas of strength and opportunity for improvement.
Effectiveness of social media for communicating health messages in Ghana
Authors: Bannor Richard , Asare Anthony Kwame , Bawole Justice Nyigmah 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop an in-depth understanding of the effectiveness, evolution and dynamism of the current health communication media used in Ghana.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses a multi-method approach which utilizes a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches. In-depth interviews are conducted with health promotion professionals in Ghana and 150 members of the general public were surveyed.

Findings
The paper finds that the general public sees social media as an effective place for health professionals to share health-related messages. They also view health-related messages on social media seriously. Health professionals see social media as an effective tool for sending health-related messages to the public and are concerned about the fact that traditional media are losing their effectiveness as means to share health-related messages.

Research limitations/implications
This study was conducted in Ghana. Future studies should be conducted across multiple countries to examine the conclusions developed in this paper and the possibility of multiple perspectives regarding the use of social media for sending health messages.

Practical implications
The results inform public health officials on developments in health communication and suggest prescriptions on how to adjust to the new media.

Originality/value
Health messaging is an area that has been relatively ignored in the literature and almost no research focusses on the effectiveness of social media and other health messaging technologies, particularly in developing countries. Although the study was conducted in Ghana, health professionals worldwide can use the findings to help improve their health messaging strategies.
Design and implementation of atmospheric multi-parameter sensor for UAV-based aerosol distribution detection
Authors: Yu Fangjie , Liu Yunfei , Fan Longqing , Li Linhua , Han Yong , Chen Ge 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
In this paper, a light-weight, low-power atmospheric multi-parameter sensor (AMPS), which could be mounted on small flying platforms such as a tethered balloon, a quad-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), a UAV helicopter, etc., is implemented and integrated to sample vertical distribution of aerosols with integrated parameters of aerosol particle concentration, temperature, relative humidity and atmospheric pressure.

Design/methodology/approach
The AMPS integrates three kinds of probes in an embedded system. A synchronous method based on GPS is proposed to drive the laser aerosol particle sensor, the temperature and humidity probe and the pressure probe to sample four channels approximately simultaneously. Different kinds of housing are designed to accommodate various flying platforms, and the weight is controlled to adapt the payload of each platform.

Findings
A series of validation tests show that while the AMPS achieves high precision, its power consumption is less than 1.3 W, which is essential for light flying platforms. The AMPS was mounted on different flying platforms and the difference was evaluated. For three times every five days, vertical profiles of PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were observed by the AMPS mounted on a quad-rotor UAV, which revealed the significant correlation between the aerosol particle concentration and atmospheric parameters.

Originality/value
A new light-weight and low-power AMPS for small flying platforms is designed and tested, which provides an effective way to explore the properties of aerosol vertical distribution, and to monitor pollutants flexibly.
Remnant vegetation, plantings and fences are beneficial for reptiles in agricultural landscapes
Authors: Pulsford Stephanie A. , Driscoll Don A. , Barton Philip S. , Lindenmayer David B. 
Published: April 2017

Summary

Managing agricultural landscapes for biodiversity conservation is increasingly difficult as land use is modified or intensified for production. Finding ways to mitigate the negative effects of agriculture on biodiversity is therefore critical. We asked the question: How do remnant patches, paddock types and grazing regimes influence reptile assemblages in a grazing landscape?

At 12 sites, we surveyed reptiles and environmental covariates in remnant woodland patches and in four paddock types: (i) grazed pasture, (ii) linear plantings, (iii) coarse woody debris (CWD) added to grazed pasture and (iv) fences between grazed pasture. Each site was either continuously or rotationally grazed.

Remnant vegetation and other vegetation attributes such as tree cover and leaf litter greatly influenced reptiles. We recorded higher reptile abundance and species richness in areas with more tree cover and leaf litter. For rare species (captured in ≤4 sites <70 captures), there were 5·7 more animals and 2·6 more species in sites with 50% woody cover within 3 km compared to 5% woody cover.

The abundance and richness of rare species, and one common species differed between paddock types and were higher in linear plantings and fence transects compared to CWD and pasture transects.

Synthesis and applications. Grazed paddocks, particularly those with key features such as fences and plantings can provide habitat for reptiles. This suggests that discrete differentiation between patch and matrix does not apply for reptiles in these systems. Management to promote reptile conservation in agricultural landscapes should involve protecting existing remnant vegetation, regardless of amount; and promote key habitat features of trees, leaf litter and shrubs. Establishing plantings and fences is important as they support high numbers of less common reptiles and may facilitate reptiles to move through and use greater amounts of the landscape.
Remains of care: opioid substitution treatment in the post‐welfare state
Authors: Leppo Anna , Perälä Riikka 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis article examines how the amplified role of pharmaceutical substances in addiction treatment affects the everyday realisation of care, particularly the relationship between workers and patients, in so called austere environments. Theoretically the article draws firstly on the literature that links pharmaceuticalisation to the neoliberal undoing of central public structures and institutions of care, and secondly on Anne‐Marie Mol's concept of the logic of care. Based on an ethnographic analysis of the everyday life at a Finnish opioid substitution treatment clinic we show the mechanisms through which the realisation of pharmacotherapy can, in the current political climate, result in a very narrow understanding of drug problems and minimal human contact between patients and professionals. Our analysis manifests an important shift in the logic of addiction treatment and health‐care policy more broadly; namely, a growing tendency to emphasise the need for patients to care for themselves and make good choices with limited help from formal care institutions and professionals. We call this new ethos the logic of austerity.
Insect transmission of plant viruses: Multilayered interactions optimize viral propagation
Authors: Dáder Beatriz , Then Christiane , Berthelot Edwige , Ducousso Marie , Ng James C. K. , Drucker Martin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBy serving as vectors of transmission, insects play a key role in the infection cycle of many plant viruses. Viruses use sophisticated transmission strategies to overcome the spatial barrier separating plants and the impediment imposed by the plant cell wall. Interactions among insect vectors, viruses, and host plants mediate transmission by integrating all organizational levels, from molecules to populations. Best‐examined on the molecular scale are two basic transmission modes wherein virus–vector interactions have been well characterized. Whereas association of virus particles with specific sites in the vector's mouthparts or in alimentary tract regions immediately posterior to them is required for noncirculative transmission, the cycle of particles through the vector body is necessary for circulative transmission. Virus transmission is also determined by interactions that are associated with changes in vector feeding behaviors and with alterations in plant host's morphology and/or metabolism that favor the attraction or deterrence of vectors. A recent concept in virus–host–vector interactions proposes that when vectors land on infected plants, vector elicitors and effectors “inform” the plants of the confluence of interacting entities and trigger signaling pathways and plant defenses. Simultaneously, the plant responses may also influence virus acquisition and inoculation by vectors. Overall, a picture is emerging where transmission depends on multilayered virus–vector–host interactions that define the route of a virus through the vector, and on the manipulation of the host and the vector. These interactions guarantee virus propagation until one or more of the interactants undergo changes through evolution or are halted by environmental interventions.
Effects of different aerobic exercise frequencies on streptozotocin–nicotinamide‐induced type 2 diabetic rats: Continuous versus short bouts and weekend warrior exercises
Authors: Alaca Nuray , Uslu Serap , Gulec Suyen Guldal , Ince Umit , Serteser Mustafa , Kurtel Hızır 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundExercise training is known to have multiple beneficial effects on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study was to explore the effects of aerobic exercise frequency on diabetic parameters, the histopathological structure of skeletal muscle, diabetic myopathy, and mitochondrial enzyme activity in an experimental model of T2DM.MethodsSprague‐Dawley rats (n = 35) were rendered diabetic by injection of nicotinamide (110 mg/kg) and streptozotocin (65 mg/kg). Rats with blood glucose concentrations between 7 and 17 mmol/L were used. Diabetic rats were randomly allocated to one of the following groups: (i) control sedentary; (ii) diabetic sedentary; (iii) diabetic with continuous exercise (30 min/day, 5 days/week); (iv) diabetic with short bouts of exercise (3 × 10 min/day, 5 days/week); and (v) diabetic rats as “weekend warriors” (35 + 40 min/day, 2 days/week). After 6 weeks swimming exercise (total duration 150 min/week), biochemical tests were performed to measure insulin, glucose, cytokines, serum and muscle myeloperoxidase (MPO), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Histologic analysis (histomorphometric and mitochondrial enzyme analysis) was also performed.ResultsCompared with diabetic sedentary rats, significant improvements were observed in all exercise groups in terms of glucose levels, weight loss, tissue MPO and MDA levels, muscular connective tissue, muscle atrophy, mitochondrial enzyme, and all histomorphometric analyses.ConclusionsThe results of the study emphasize the effects of training on inflammation, increased oxidative stress, myopathy, and mitochondrial damage in a rat model of T2DM, and demonstrate that there is no major difference between exercise modalities provided that the total duration of exercise remains the same.
A 5‐Year Follow‐Up of a Cohort of Italian Alcoholics: Hospital Admissions and Overall Survival
Authors: Bardazzi Gabriele , Zanna Ines , Ceroti Marco , Bendinelli Benedetta , Iozzi Adriana , Caini Saverio , Nesi Gabriella , Saieva Calogero 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundAlcohol use disorders (AUDs), including alcohol dependence and alcohol abuse defined according to specific DSM‐IV and ICD‐10 criteria, can be potentially lethal, because they are associated with several medical and psychiatric conditions. This study aimed to describe the causes of hospitalization of a large cohort of subjects with alcohol dependence (alcoholics) enrolled in Florence (Italy) over a 5‐year follow‐up period and to evaluate the effect of hospitalization on overall survival.MethodsOne thousand one hundred and thirty alcoholics, newly diagnosed from 1997 to 2001, were linked to the Regional Mortality Registry for update of vital status as of December 31, 2006, and to the Hospital Discharge electronic archives of the Regional Health System of Tuscany to verify hospital admissions (HAs) during the 5‐year postcohort enrollment follow‐up. Kaplan–Meier survival and Cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate any association of HA with overall survival.ResultsA total of 3,916 new hospitalizations occurred during the 5‐year follow‐up. Most alcoholics (70.6%) reported at least 1 new hospitalization, with a first hospitalization rate of 61.7 per 100 person‐years in the first year of follow‐up. The mean number of hospitalizations per admitted subject was 4.87 (SD 7.4), and mean length of hospital stay was 8.5 days (SD 11.3). The main causes of hospitalization were mental disorders and diseases of the digestive system, as well as accidents or violence. Among those alcoholics alive after 1 year of follow‐up, a significantly increased risk of dying in the following years could be predicted by early hospitalization in the 12 months preceding (hazard ratio [HR] 1.73; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15 to 2.60) or following (HR 3.59; 95% CI 2.31 to 5.61) enrollment in the cohort.ConclusionsOur results confirm the association of AUDs with several serious medical conditions. This fact may be responsible for a high impact on health resource utilization and high social costs. Early hospitalization significantly predicts vital status at 5 years.