bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of modelling choices for 1-D free-surface flow and
morphodynamics in hydrology and hydraulics: a review
Authors: Cheviron Bruno , Moussa Roger 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. This review paper investigates the determinants of modelling choices, for numerous applications of 1-D free-surface flow and morphodynamic equations in hydrology and hydraulics, across multiple spatiotemporal scales. We aim to characterize each case study by its signature composed of model refinement (Navier–Stokes: NS; Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes: RANS; Saint-Venant: SV; or approximations to Saint-Venant: ASV), spatiotemporal scales and subscales (domain length: L from 1 cm to 1000 km; temporal scale: T from 1 s to 1 year; flow depth: H from 1 mm to 10 m; spatial step for modelling: δL; temporal step: δT), flow typology (Overland: O; High gradient: Hg; Bedforms: B; Fluvial: F), and dimensionless numbers (dimensionless time period T*, Reynolds number Re, Froude number Fr, slope S, inundation ratio Λz, Shields number θ). The determinants of modelling choices are therefore sought in the interplay between flow characteristics and cross-scale and scale-independent views. The influence of spatiotemporal scales on modelling choices is first quantified through the expected correlation between increasing scales and decreasing model refinements (though modelling objectives also show through the chosen spatial and temporal subscales). Then flow typology appears a secondary but important determinant in the choice of model refinement. This finding is confirmed by the discriminating values of several dimensionless numbers, which prove preferential associations between model refinements and flow typologies. This review is intended to help modellers in positioning their choices with respect to the most frequent practices, within a generic, normative procedure possibly enriched by the community for a larger, comprehensive and updated image of modelling strategies.
After some 350 years – zero declination again in Paris
Authors: Mandea Mioara , Le Mouël Jean-Louis 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The main part of the geomagnetic field – produced by a dynamo process in the Earth's outer core – changes its direction and strength in time, over timescales from months to centuries, even millennia. Its temporal variations, known as secular variation and secular acceleration, are crucial ingredients for understanding the physics of the deep Earth. Very long series of measurements therefore play an important role. Here, we provide an updated series of geomagnetic declination in Paris, shortly after a very special occasion: its value has reached zero after some 350 years of westerly values. Indeed, during October and November 2013, the declination at the Chambon la Forêt geomagnetic observatory changed from westerly to easterly values, the agonic line then passing through this place. We take this occasion to emphasize the importance of long series of continuous measurements.
Brief communication: Improved measurement of ice layer density in seasonal snowpacks
Authors: Watts Tom , Rutter Nick , Toose Peter , Derksen Chris , Sandells Melody , Woodward John 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The microstructure and density of ice layers in snowpacks is poorly quantified. Here we present a new field method for measuring the density of ice layers caused by melt or rain-on-snow events. The method was used on 87 ice layer samples taken from natural and artificial ice layers in the Canadian Arctic and mid-latitudes. Mean measured ice layer density was 909 ± 28 kg m−3 with a standard deviation of 23 kg m−3, significantly higher than values typically used in the literature.
Notch-Expanded Murine Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Mitigate Death from Lethal Radiation and Convey Immune Tolerance in Mismatched Recipients
Authors: Milano Filippo , Merriam Fabiola , Nicoud Ian , Li Jianqiang , Gooley Ted A. , Heimfeld Shelly , Imren Suzan , Delaney Colleen 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The hematopoietic syndrome of acute radiation syndrome (h-ARS) is characterized by severe bone marrow aplasia, resulting in a significant risk for bleeding, infections, and death. To date, clinical management of h-ARS is limited to supportive care dictated by the level of radiation exposure, with a high incidence of mortality in those exposed to high radiation doses. The ideal therapeutic agent would be an immediately available, easily distributable single-agent therapy capable of rapid in vivo hematopoietic reconstitution until recovery of autologous hematopoiesis occurs. Using a murine model of h-ARS, we herein demonstrate that infusion of ex vivo expanded murine hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) into major histocompatibility complex mismatched recipient mice exposed to a lethal dose of ionizing radiation (IR) led to rapid myeloid recovery and improved survival. Survival benefit was significant in a dose-dependent manner even when infusion of the expanded cell therapy was delayed 3 days after lethal IR exposure. Most surviving mice (80%) demonstrated long-term in vivo persistence of donor T cells at low levels, and none had evidence of graft versus host disease. Furthermore, survival of donor-derived skin grafts was significantly prolonged in recipients rescued from h-ARS by infusion of the mismatched expanded cell product. These findings provide evidence that ex vivo expanded mismatched HSPCs can provide rapid, high-level hematopoietic reconstitution, mitigate IR-induced mortality, and convey donor-specific immune tolerance in a murine h-ARS model.
Efficient stopping of current-driven domain wall using a local Rashba field
Authors: Tatara Gen , Saarikoski Henri , Mitsumata Chiharu 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
We show theoretically that a locally embedded Rashba interaction acts as a strong pinning center for current-driven domain walls and demonstrate efficient capturing and depinning of the wall using a weak Rashba interaction of the order of 0.01 eV Å. Our discovery is expected to be useful for highly reliable control of domain walls in racetrack memories.
Metaproteomics of saliva identifies human protein markers specific for individuals with periodontitis and dental caries compared to orally healthy controls
Authors: Belstrøm Daniel , Jersie-Christensen Rosa R. , Lyon David , Damgaard Christian , Jensen Lars J. , Holmstrup Palle , Olsen Jesper V. 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundThe composition of the salivary microbiota has been reported to differentiate between patients with periodontitis, dental caries and orally healthy individuals. To identify characteristics of diseased and healthy saliva we thus wanted to compare saliva metaproteomes from patients with periodontitis and dental caries to healthy individuals.MethodsStimulated saliva samples were collected from 10 patients with periodontitis, 10 patients with dental caries and 10 orally healthy individuals. The proteins in the saliva samples were subjected to denaturing buffer and digested enzymatically with LysC and trypsin. The resulting peptide mixtures were cleaned up by solid-phase extraction and separated online with 2 h gradients by nano-scale C18reversed-phase chromatography connected to a mass spectrometer through an electrospray source. The eluting peptides were analyzed on a tandem mass spectrometer operated in data-dependent acquisition mode.ResultsWe identified a total of 35,664 unique peptides from 4,161 different proteins, of which 1,946 and 2,090 were of bacterial and human origin, respectively. The human protein profiles displayed significant overexpression of the complement system and inflammatory markers in periodontitis and dental caries compared to healthy controls. Bacterial proteome profiles and functional annotation were very similar in health and disease.ConclusionsOverexpression of proteins related to the complement system and inflammation seems to correlate with oral disease status. Similar bacterial proteomes in healthy and diseased individuals suggests that the salivary microbiota predominantly thrives in a planktonic state expressing no disease-associated characteristics of metabolic activity.
Smart surveillance em aplicações recentes no Brasil:Um estudo de caso nas cidades de Recife e Curitiba
Authors: Batista Marcela de Moraes , Dallabona Fariniuk Tharsila Maynardes , Benício de Mello Sérgio Carvalho 
Published: September 2016

A prática de coletar informações do meio evoluiu ao longo do tempo, e o advento tecnológico dos últimos anos gerou mudanças substanciais neste processo. A utilização de tecnologias cada vez menores e mais sofisticadas para fins de vigilância, prevenção e militarização do espaço urbano é parte deste processo, e constitui a chamada smartsurveillance. No Brasil, o exemplo mais recente e de maiores proporções deste tipo de aplicação é a criação dos CICCs - Centros Integrados de Comando e Controle - para a Copa do Mundo FIFA 2014. Neste contexto, a presente pesquisa questiona de que forma ocorreram os processos de smartsurveillance implementados em cidades brasileiras na ocasião. Objetiva-se identificar de que modo o aparato tecnológico para vigilância instalado vem sendo utilizado nas cidades de Recife e Curitiba, no sentido de aproveitar o legado do evento esportivo e de contribuir para a gestão tecnológica do espaço urbano e para a redução da criminalidade. A escolha dos estudos de caso ocorreu devido a critérios populacionais, de similaridade no número de jogos recebidos e de aproximações em rankings que medem índice de criminalidade urbana. A metodologia aplicada envolveu teoria e análise de discurso Laclau & Mouffe (1985), e critérios de caracterização da vigilância eletrônica Bruno (2012). Os resultados indicaram que em ambas as cidades, a implantação dos CICCs se assemelha a um tipo moderno de panóptico, o qual está baseado no discurso do combate aos problemas sociais e à violência urbana, além da relativa isenção da liberdade e do anonimato.
Autoria científica: por que tanta polêmica?
Authors: L. Volpato Gilson 
Published: September 2016

Os critérios para autoria científica ainda carecem de consenso entre cientistas, dando margem a especulações que, algumas vezes, apenas justificam o injustificável. Neste texto, meu foco é na ciência empírica e eu proponho que participações em coleta de dados (CD) ou fornecimento de recursos materiais (RM) para a pesquisa não são condições suficientes, nem necessárias, para se atribuir autoria em textos científicos. Após apresentar as bases teóricas dessa proposta, mostro dados que indicam que essas bases têm sido usadas em magnitude ampla na ciência internacional, o que torna o debate ainda mais relevante. Ao final proponho separar as participações na pesquisa científica em autoria, colaboração e agradecimento, de forma a valorizar cada grupo de atuação, sem perder suas peculiaridades. São elas: autoria, colaboração e agradecimento. Scientific authorship: why so much controversy?Criteria for scientific authorship still lack of universal consensus among scientists, thus rising speculations that, sometimes, only justify the unjustifiable. In this text, my focus is the empirical science and I propose that participation in data collection (DC) or provision of material resources (MR) for the research are neither sufficient, nor necessary, conditions to warrant authorship in scientific texts. After presenting the main theoretical bases of my argument, I show some data supporting that such participations (DC and/or MR) have been largely used for assignment of scientific authorship in the international literature, thus making this debate more relevant. Finally, I propose separate the participation in a scientific study in three classes: authorship, collaboration and acknowledgements, thus valorizing each of these participations, but not contradicting its peculiarities in the process of building scientific knowledge. keywords: Authorship; Scientific Publication; Scientific Knowledge.
The crustal structure beneath Mauritius from teleseismic P receiver functions: Oceanic or continental?
Authors: Singh Manvendra , Kaviani Ayoub , Rümpker Georg 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIt has recently been suggested that the volcanic island of Mauritius may be underlain by a remnant of continental origin termed “Mauritia.” To constrain the crustal thickness beneath Mauritius, we analyzed data from 11 land stations, 10 of which were deployed recently by the RHUM‐RUM project. From the recordings, we obtained 382 P receiver functions (RFs). By applying the H‐κ stacking technique, we derive crustal thicknesses of approximately 10–15 km. We observe a considerable variation in the Vp/Vs ratio caused by a lack of clear multiples. Using forward modeling of RFs, we show that the lack of clear multiples can be explained by a transitional Moho, where the velocity increases gradually. The modeling further indicates that the thickness of this gradient zone is estimated to be approximately 10 km. We argue that our findings suggest oceanic crust thickened by crustal underplating due to the mantle plume currently located beneath La Réunion.
Conjugate observations of a remarkable quasiperiodic event by the low‐altitude DEMETER spacecraft and ground‐based instruments
Authors: Němec F. , Bezděková B. , Manninen J. , Parrot M. , Santolík O. , Hayosh M. , Turunen T. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe present a detailed analysis of a long‐lasting quasiperiodic (QP) event observed simultaneously by the low‐altitude DEMETER spacecraft and on the ground by the instrumentation of the Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, Finland. The event was observed on 26 February 2008. It lasted for several hours, and it was detected both in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The time intervals when the event was observed on board the satellite and/or on the ground provide us with an estimate of the event dimensions. When the event is detected simultaneously by the satellite and on the ground, the observed frequency‐time structure is generally the same. However, the ratio of detected intensities varies significantly as a function of the spacecraft latitude, indicating the wave guiding along the plasmapause. Moreover, there is a delay as large as about 13 s between the times when individual QP elements are detected by the spacecraft and on the ground. This appears to be related to the azimuthal separation of the instruments, and it is highly relevant to the identification of a possible source mechanism. We suggest that it is due to an azimuthally propagating ULF wave which periodically modulates the azimuthally extended source region. Finally, we find that at the times when the intensity of the QP event suddenly increases, there is a distinct increase of the amplitude of Alfvénic ULF pulsations measured on the ground at high latitudes. This might indicate that the source region is located at L shells larger than about 7.1.
Stability of magnetotail equilibria with a tailward Bz gradient
Authors: Merkin V. G. , Sitnov M. I. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAnalytical properties of two‐dimensional magnetotail equilibria with a region of magnetic flux accumulation (a “Bz hump”) are considered with respect to tearing and interchange stability. Since the former mode does not initially involve a change in topology, we denote it the Magnetic Flux Release Instability (MFRI). The region earthward of the Bz peak is found most unstable to both modes due to the presence of a tailward Bz gradient there. Stability is studied as a function of proximity of the Bz accumulation region to Earth. Interchange is found more difficult to stabilize closer to Earth as the level of the background pressure required for stabilization is higher there. At the same time, the kinetic MFR mode has the largest potential for destabilization farther in the tail as long as the current sheet is sufficiently thin to allow Landau dissipation, while the tearing (MFRI) Cd parameter is sufficiently large. An MHD analog of the kinetic MFR mode is allowed still farther from Earth, and the regions of kinetic and MHD instability may overlap dependent on the parameters of the equilibrium. We provide analytical results describing the MFR stability as a function of a number of key parameters, including the level of current sheet stretching and its length, as well as the amplitude and the scale size of the Bz gradient.
One year of downwelling spectral radiance measurements from 100 to 1400 cm−1 at Dome Concordia: Results in clear conditions
Authors: Rizzi R. , Arosio C. , Maestri T. , Palchetti L. , Bianchini G. , Del Guasta M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe present work examines downwelling radiance spectra measured at the ground during 2013 by a Far Infrared Fourier Transform Spectrometer at Dome C, Antarctica. A tropospheric backscatter and depolarization lidar is also deployed at same site, and a radiosonde system is routinely operative. The measurements allow characterization of the water vapor and clouds infrared properties in Antarctica under all sky conditions. In this paper we specifically discuss cloud detection and the analysis in clear sky condition, required for the discussion of the results obtained in cloudy conditions. First, the paper discusses the procedures adopted for the quality control of spectra acquired automatically. Then it describes the classification procedure used to discriminate spectra measured in clear sky from cloudy conditions. Finally a selection is performed and 66 clear cases, spanning the whole year, are compared to simulations. The computation of layer molecular optical depth is performed with line‐by‐line techniques and a convolution to simulate the Radiation Explorer in the Far InfraRed‐Prototype for Applications and Development (REFIR‐PAD) measurements; the downwelling radiance for selected clear cases is computed with a state‐of‐the‐art adding‐doubling code. The mean difference over all selected cases between simulated and measured radiance is within experimental error for all the selected microwindows except for the negative residuals found for all microwindows in the range 200 to 400 cm−1, with largest values around 295.1 cm−1. The paper discusses possible reasons for the discrepancy and identifies the incorrect magnitude of the water vapor total absorption coefficient as the cause of such large negative radiance bias below 400 cm−1.
End‐member identification and spectral mixture analysis of CRISM hyperspectral data: A case study on southwest Melas Chasma, Mars
Authors: Liu Yang , Glotch Timothy D. , Scudder Noel A. , Kraner Meredith L. , Condus Thomas , Arvidson Raymond E. , Guinness Edward A. , Wolff Michael J. , Smith Michael D. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe present spectral unmixing results over the southwest Melas Chasma region, where a variety of hydrated minerals were identified. We use the Discrete Ordinate Radiative Transfer radiative transfer model to simultaneously model Mars atmospheric gases, aerosols, and surface scattering and retrieve the single‐scattering albedos (SSAs) modeled by the Hapke bidirectional scattering function from Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) data. We employ a spectral unmixing algorithm to quantitatively analyze the mineral abundances by modeling the atmospherically corrected CRISM SSAs using a nonnegative least squares linear deconvolution algorithm. To build the spectral library used for spectral unmixing, we use the factor analysis and target transformation technique to recover spectral end‐members within the CRISM scenes. We investigate several distinct geologic units, including an interbedded polyhydrated and monohydrated sulfate unit (interbedded unit 1) and an interbedded phyllosilicate‐sulfate unit (interbedded unit 2). Our spectral unmixing results indicate that polyhydrated sulfates in the interbedded unit 1 have a much lower abundance (~10%) than that of the surrounding unit (~20%) and thus may have been partially dehydrated into kieserite to form the interbedded strata, supporting a two‐staged precipitation‐dehydration formation hypothesis. In the interbedded unit 2 phyllosilicates have an abundance of ~40% and are interbedded with ~20% sulfates. The results, in combination with thermodynamic calculations performed previously, suggest that the interbedded phyllosilicates and sulfates likely formed through coupled basalt weathering and evaporation. The methodology developed in this study provides a powerful tool to derive the mineral abundances, aiming to better constrain the formation processes of minerals and past aqueous environment on Mars.
Pediatric pituitary resection: characterizing surgical approaches and complications
Authors: Hanba Curtis , Svider Peter F. , Shkoukani Mahdi A. , Sheyn Anthony , Jacob Jeffrey T. , Eloy Jean Anderson , Folbe Adam J. 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundAlthough there has been extensive study evaluating adult pituitary surgery, there has been scant analysis among children. Our objective was to evaluate a population‐based resource to characterize nationwide trends in surgical approach, hospital stay, and complications among children undergoing pituitary surgery.MethodsThe Kids’ Inpatient‐Database (KID) files (2009/2012) were evaluated for pituitary gland excisions. Procedure, patient demographics, length of inpatient stay, inpatient costs, hospital setting, and surgical complications were analyzed.ResultsA weighted incidence of 1071 cases were analyzed; the majority (77.6%) underwent transsphenoidal resections. These patients had significantly decreased hospital costs and lengths of stay. Patients undergoing transfrontal approaches had significantly greater rates of postoperative diabetes insipidus (DI) (66.5%), panhypopituitarism (38.8%), hydrocephalus, and visual deficits. Among transsphenoidal patients, males had greater rates of postoperative hydrocephalus (5.5%) and panhypopituitarism (17.5%) than females, and patients ≤10 years old had greater rates of these 2 complications (14.5%, 19.4%, respectively) as well as DI (61.3%).ConclusionA greater proportion of children undergo transfrontal approaches for pituitary lesions than in their adult counterparts. This difference may harbor a potential to influence future sellar resection approaches in children toward a transsphenoidal operation when surgically feasible. Patients undergoing transfrontal procedures have greater risks for many intraoperative and postoperative complications relative to individuals undergoing transsphenoidal resections. Among patients undergoing transsphenoidal approaches, males had significantly greater rates of postoperative hydrocephalus and panhypopituitarism, and younger children had greater rates of postoperative DI, hydrocephalus, and panhypopituitarism. These data reinforce the need for greater vigilance in the postoperative care of younger children undergoing transsphenoidal surgery.
An adult case of laryngopharyngeal burn by drinking hot water
Authors: Iyama Keita , Ueki Tomohiro , Yamano Shuhei , Tajima Goro , Inokuma Takamitsu , Hirao Tomohito , Yamashita Kazunori , Nagatani Atsuko , Tasaki Osamu 
Published: September 2016

CaseA 61‐year‐old man who was hospitalized with schizophrenia in a psychiatric hospital drank hot water estimated to be 90°C. Eight hours after injury, laryngopharynx edema gradually progressed, and his breathing deteriorated. Upon arrival at our emergency room, we secured his respiratory tract by nasal intubation under a bronchoscope.OutcomeThe edema gradually improved after peaking at hospital day 2, and he was extubated on hospital day 18. There were no apparent respiratory or esophageal problems, and he was discharged back to the psychiatric hospital on day 28.ConclusionThese types of laryngopharynx burns caused by ingesting hot foods or drinks have been rarely reported for adults. In cases of adults, when the patient is in a special situation such as having a psychiatric disorder, it is necessary to assume that the laryngopharynx burns might be aggravated.