bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large-Scale Network Coupling with the Fusiform Cortex Facilitates Future Social Motivation
Authors: Utevsky Amanda V. , Smith David V. , Young Jacob S. , Huettel Scott A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLarge-scale functional networks, as identified through the coordinated activity of spatially distributed brain regions, have become central objects of study in neuroscience because of their contributions to many processing domains. Yet, it remains unclear how these domain-general networks interact with focal brain regions to coordinate thought and action. Here, we investigated how the default-mode network (DMN) and executive control network (ECN), two networks associated with goal-directed behavior, shape task performance through their coupling with other cortical regions several seconds in advance of behavior. We measured these networks’ connectivity during an adaptation of the monetary incentive delay (MID) response-time task in which human participants viewed social and nonsocial images (i.e., pictures of faces and landscapes, respectively) while brain activity was measured using fMRI. We found that participants displayed slower reaction times (RTs) subsequent to social trials relative to nonsocial trials. To examine the neural mechanisms driving this subsequent-RT effect, we integrated independent components analysis (ICA) and a network-based psychophysiological interaction (nPPI) analysis; this allowed us to investigate task-related changes in network coupling that preceded the observed trial-to-trial variation in RT. Strikingly, when subjects viewed social rewards, an area of the fusiform gyrus (FG) consistent with the functionally-defined fusiform face area (FFA) exhibited increased coupling with the ECN (relative to the DMN), and the relative magnitude of coupling tracked the slowing of RT on the following trial. These results demonstrate how large-scale, domain-general networks can interact with focal, domain-specific cortical regions to orchestrate subsequent behavior.
Should a Few Null Findings Falsify Prefrontal Theories of Conscious Perception?
Authors: Odegaard Brian , Knight Robert T. , Lau Hakwan 
Published: October 2017

Is activity in prefrontal cortex (PFC) critical for conscious perception? Major theories of consciousness make distinct predictions about the role of PFC, providing an opportunity to arbitrate between these views empirically. Here we address three common misconceptions: (1) PFC lesions do not affect subjective perception; (2) PFC activity does not reflect specific perceptual content; and (3) PFC involvement in studies of perceptual awareness is solely driven by the need to make reports required by the experimental tasks rather than subjective experience per se. These claims are incompatible with empirical findings, unless one focuses only on studies using methods with limited sensitivity. The literature highlights PFC's essential role in enabling the subjective experience in perception, contra the objective capacity to perform visual tasks; conflating the two can also be a source of confusion.Dual Perspectives Companion Paper:Are the Neural Correlates of Consciousness in the Front or in the Back of the Cerebral Cortex? Clinical and Neuroimaging Evidence, by Melanie Boly, Marcello Massimini, Naotsugu Tsuchiya, Bradley R. Postle, Christof Koch, and Giulio Tononi
Ações afirmativas em perspectiva
Authors: Silva Marcos Antonio Batista da 
Published: October 2017

<strong>Resenha de: </strong>ARTES, Amélia; UNBEHAUM, Sandra; SILVÉRIO, Valter (orgs.). <em>Ações Afirmativas no Brasil</em>: experiências bem-sucedidas de acesso na pós-graduação. São Paulo: Cortez: Fundação Carlos Chagas, 2016. 288 p, v. 1.
The Role of Extra-Articular Tenodesis in Combined ACL and Anterolateral Capsular Injury
Authors: Guenther Daniel , Irarrázaval Sebastián , Bell Kevin M. , Rahnemai-Azar Amir Ata , Fu Freddie H. , Debski Richard E. , Musahl Volker 
Published: October 2017

Background:
The “gold standard” treatment of anterolateral capsular injuries in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient knees has not been determined. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of ACL reconstruction and extra-articular reconstruction on joint motion in the ACL-deficient knee and in the combined ACL and anterolateral capsule-deficient knee.

Methods:
An anterior tibial load of 134 N and internal tibial torque of 7 Nm were applied to 7 fresh-frozen cadaveric knees using a robotic testing system continuously throughout the range of flexion. The resulting joint motion was recorded for 6 knee states: intact, ACL-deficient, ACL-reconstructed, combined ACL and anterolateral capsule-deficient, ACL-reconstructed + anterolateral capsule-deficient, and ACL-reconstructed + extra-articular tenodesis.

Results:
Anterior tibial translation of the ACL-reconstructed + anterolateral capsule-deficient knee in response to an anterior tibial load was restored to that of the intact knee at all knee-flexion angles (p > 0.05). However, for this knee state, internal tibial rotation in response to internal tibial torque was not restored to that of the intact knee at 60° or 90° of knee flexion (p < 0.05). For the knee state of ACL-reconstructed + extra-articular tenodesis, internal rotation in response to internal tibial torque was restored to the motion of the intact knee at each of the tested knee-flexion angles (p > 0.05). Compared with the intact knee, 2 of 7 specimens showed decreased internal tibial rotation with ACL reconstruction + extra-articular tenodesis.

Conclusions:
In this study, an extra-articular tenodesis was necessary to restore rotatory knee stability in response to internal tibial torque in a combined ACL and anterolateral capsule-deficient knee. The amount of rotatory knee instability should be carefully assessed to avoid over-constraint of the knee in these combined ligament-reconstruction procedures.

Clinical Relevance:
On the basis of our findings, the surgical procedure needs to be personalized depending on the amount of rotatory knee instability in the injured knee and the amount of rotation in the contralateral knee.
Global Alignment and Proportion (GAP) Score
Authors: Yilgor Caglar , Sogunmez Nuray , Boissiere Louis , Yavuz Yasemin , Obeid Ibrahim , Kleinstück Frank , Pérez-Grueso Francisco Javier Sánchez , Acaroglu Emre , Haddad Sleiman , Mannion Anne F. , Pellise Ferran , Alanay Ahmet 
Published: October 2017

Background:
The restoration of normal sagittal alignment is a critical goal in adult spinal deformity surgery to achieve favorable outcomes and prevent mechanical complications. Schwab sagittal modifiers have been accepted as targets for appropriate alignment, but addressing these targets does not always prevent high mechanical complication or revision rates. This may be because the linear absolute numerical parameters do not cover the whole pelvic incidence spectrum and the distribution of lordosis, pelvic anteversion, and negative malalignment are not considered as potential causes of failure. The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a score based on pelvic-incidence-based proportional parameters to better predict mechanical complications.

Methods:
Two hundred and twenty-two patients (168 women and 54 men) followed for ≥2 years after posterior fusion at ≥4 levels were included in the study. The mean age (and standard deviation) was 52.2 ± 19.3 years (range, 18 to 84 years), and the mean duration of follow-up was 28.8 ± 8.2 months (range, 24 to 62 months). The global alignment and proportion (GAP) score was developed and validated in groups of patients randomly assigned to derivation (n = 148, 66.7%) and validation (n = 74, 33.3%) cohorts. GAP score parameters were relative pelvic version (the measured minus the ideal sacral slope), relative lumbar lordosis (the measured minus the ideal lumbar lordosis), lordosis distribution index (the L4-S1 lordosis divided by the L1-S1 lordosis multiplied by 100), relative spinopelvic alignment (the measured minus the ideal global tilt), and an age factor. Proximal and distal junctional kyphosis and/or failure, rod breakage, and other implant-related complications were considered mechanical complications. The predictive accuracy of the GAP score was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. Associations between GAP categories and mechanical complications and revisions were analyzed using Cochran-Armitage tests.

Results:
In the validation cohort, 32 patients (43%) experienced mechanical complications and 17 (23%) underwent mechanical revision. The area under curve for the GAP score predicting mechanical complications was 0.92 (standard error [SE] = 0.034, p < 0.001, 95% [confidence interval [CI] = 0.85 to 0.98). Postoperatively, patients with a proportioned spinopelvic state according to the GAP score had a mechanical complication rate of 6% while those with a moderately or severely disproportioned spinopelvic state had rates of 47% and 95%, respectively.

Conclusions:
The GAP score is a new pelvic-incidence-based proportional method of analyzing the sagittal plane that predicts mechanical complications in patients undergoing surgery for adult spinal deformity. Setting surgical goals according to the GAP score may decrease the prevalence of mechanical complications.
The Efficiency of Bone Marrow Aspiration for the Harvest of Connective Tissue Progenitors from the Human Iliac Crest
Authors: Patterson Thomas E. , Boehm Cynthia , Nakamoto Chizu , Rozic Richard , Walker Esteban , Piuzzi Nicolas S. , Muschler George F. 
Published: October 2017

Background:
The rational design and optimization of tissue engineering strategies for cell-based therapy requires a baseline understanding of the concentration and prevalence of osteogenic progenitor cell populations in the source tissues. The aim of this study was to (1) define the efficiency of, and variation among individuals in, bone marrow aspiration as a means of osteogenic connective tissue progenitor (CTP-O) harvest compared with harvest from iliac cancellous bone, and (2) determine the location of CTP-Os within native cancellous bone and their distribution between the marrow-space and trabecular-surface tissue compartments.

Methods:
Eight 2-mL bone marrow aspiration (BMA) samples and one 7-mm transcortical biopsy sample were obtained from the anterior iliac crest of 33 human subjects. Two cell populations were obtained from the iliac cancellous bone (ICB) sample. The ICB sample was placed into αMEM (alpha-minimal essential medium) with antibiotic-antimycotic and minced into small pieces (1 to 2 mm in diameter) with a sharp osteotome. Cells that could be mechanically disassociated from the ICB sample were defined as marrow-space (IC-MS) cells, and cells that were disassociated only after enzymatic digestion were defined as trabecular-surface (IC-TS) cells. The 3 sources of bone and marrow-derived cells were compared on the basis of cellularity and the concentration and prevalence of CTP-Os through colony-forming unit (CFU) analysis.

Results:
Large variation was seen among patients with respect to cell and CTP-O yield from the IC-MS, IC-TS, and BMA samples and in the relative distribution of CTP-Os between the IC-MS and IC-TS fractions. The CTP-O prevalence was highest in the IC-TS fraction, which was 11.4-fold greater than in the IC-MS fraction (p < 0.0001) and 1.7-fold greater than in the BMA fraction. However, the median concentration of CTP-Os in the ICB (combining MS and TS fractions) was only 3.04 ± 1.1-fold greater than that in BMA (4,265 compared with 1,402 CTP/mL; p = 0.00004).

Conclusions:
Bone marrow aspiration of a 2-mL volume at a given needle site is an effective means of harvesting CTP-Os, albeit diluted with peripheral blood. However, the median concentration of CTP-Os is 3-fold less than from native iliac cancellous bone. The distribution of CTP-Os between the IC-MS and IC-TS fractions varies widely among patients.

Clinical Relevance:
Bone marrow aspiration is an effective means of harvesting CTP-Os but is associated with dilution with peripheral blood. Overall, we found that 63.5% of all CTP-Os within iliac cancellous bone resided on the trabecular surface; however, 48% of the patients had more CTP-Os contributed by the IC-MS than the IC-TS fraction.
Separate the Sheep from the Goats
Authors: Reitmaier Sandra , Graichen Friedmar , Shirazi-Adl Aboulfazl , Schmidt Hendrik 
Published: October 2017

Abstract:
Approximately 5,168 large animals (pigs, sheep, goats, and cattle) were used for intervertebral disc research in identified studies published between 1985 and 2016. Most of the reviewed studies revealed a low scientific impact, a lack of sound justifications for the animal models, and a number of deficiencies in the documentation of the animal experimentation. The scientific community should take suitable measures to investigate the presumption that animal models have translational value in intervertebral disc research. Recommendations for future investigations are provided to improve the quality, validity, and usefulness of animal studies for intervertebral disc research. More in vivo studies are warranted to comprehensively evaluate the suitability of animal models in various applications and help place animal models as an integral, complementary part of intervertebral disc research.
Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Kraeutler Matthew J. , Welton K. Linnea , McCarty Eric C. , Bravman Jonathan T. 
Published: October 2017

➤ Technical errors such as nonanatomic tunnel placement are some of the most common causes of graft failure after primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).➤ When considering a revision ACLR in a patient with ACL graft failure, it is crucial to perform preoperative imaging, which should include an initial radiographic series, magnetic resonance imaging, and possibly computed tomography for further assessment of tunnel locations.➤ Revision ACLR may be performed in a 1 or 2-stage procedure depending on the size and location of the existing tunnels, bone stock, existing hardware, and infection status.➤ Use of autograft ligament tissue for revision ACLR has been shown to correlate with higher patient-reported outcomes and a significantly lower risk of subsequent graft rupture in comparison with allograft use.➤ Multiple studies have shown that the rate of return to the preinjury level of sport is significantly lower following revision ACLR than following primary ACLR procedures.
How CO2-Storage Mechanisms Are Different in Organic Shale: Characterization and Simulation Studies
Authors: Pu Hui , Wang Yuhe , Li Yinghui 
Published: October 2017

Summary
Widely distributed organic-rich shales are being considered as one of the important carbon-storage targets, owing to three differentiators compared with conventional reservoirs and saline aquifers: (1) trapping of a significant amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) permanently; (2) kerogen-rich shale's higher affinity of CO2; and (3) existing well and pipeline infrastructure, especially that in the vicinity of existing power or chemical plants. The incapability to model capillarity with the consideration of imperative pore-size-distribution (PSD) characteristics by use of commercial software may lead to inaccurate modeling of CO2 injection in organic shale. We develop a novel approach to examine how PSD would alter phase and flow behavior under nanopore confinements. We incorporate adsorption behavior with a local density-optimization algorithm designed for multicomponent interactions to adsorption sites for a full spectrum of reservoir pressures of interests. This feature elevates the limitation of the Langmuir isotherm model, allowing us to understand the storage and sieving capabilities for a CO2/N2 flue-gas system with remaining reservoir fluids. Taking PSD data of Bakken shale, we perform a core-scale simulation study of CO2/N2 flue-gas injection and reveal the differences between CO2 injection/storage in organic shales and conventional rocks on the basis of numerical modeling.
Prospects of pond ecosystems as resource base towards community based adaptation (CBA) to climate change in coastal region of Bangladesh
Authors: Rabbani Md. Golam , Rahman Syed Hafizur , Munira Sirazoom 
Published: October 2017

AbstractClimate-induced hazards are adversely affecting the pond ecosystems in Bangladesh. Most of the poor communities collect water from isolated ponds for drinking and other domestic needs. This paper explores how the small pond ecosystems and associated livelihoods of the coastal communities are vulnerable and argues that the pond ecosystem can be a potential resource base for community based adaptation in the coastal regions of Bangladesh. A set of quantitative and qualitative tools were applied to 309 households across five villages. The study showed that 96% of the respondents are dependent on pond water for drinking. More than 50% households expressed that temperature, rainfall variations and salinity intrusion, directly and indirectly, affect the pond water. Physical parameter values of temperature, pH and salinity from the ponds showed changes across different seasons. Drinking water scarcity during pre-monsoon (March–May), winter (Dec–Feb), disaster and immediate post-disaster period among the communities is high. Salinity intrusion and surface runoff caused by excessive rainfall in short periods also cause deterioration in the quality of pond water. However, successful examples of pond water usage emerged through the discussions, especially during a post-disaster crisis, which strengthens the idea that ponds could be a resource base for community-based adaptation in the coast of Bangladesh.
Heterotrophic nitrogen removal in Bacillus sp. K5: involvement of a novel hydroxylamine oxidase
Authors: Yang Yunlong , Lin Ershu , Huang Shaobin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAn aerobic denitrifying bacterium isolated from a bio-trickling filter treating NOx, Bacillus sp. K5, is able to convert ammonium to nitrite, in which hydroxylamine oxidase (HAO) plays a critical role. In the present study, the performance for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification was investigated with batch experiments and an HAO was purified by an anion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography from strain K5. The purified HAO's molecular mass was determined by SDS-PAGE and its activity by measuring the change in the concentration of ferricyanide, the electron acceptor. Results showed that as much as 87.8 mg L−1 ammonium-N was removed without nitrite accumulation within 24 hours in the sodium citrate medium at C/N of 15. The HAO isolated from the strain K5 was approximately 71 KDa. With hydroxylamine (NH2OH) as a substrate and potassium ferricyanide as an electron acceptor, the enzyme was capable of oxidizing NH2OH to nitrite in vitro when the pH varied from 7 to 9 and temperature ranged from 25 °C to 40 °C. This is the first time that an HAO has been purified from the Bacillus genus, and the findings revealed that it is distinctive in its molecular mass and enzyme properties.
Current Progress of Lipid Analysis in Metabolic Diseases by Mass Spectrometry Methods
Authors: Mika Adriana , Sledzinski Tomasz , Stepnowski Piotr 
Published: October 2017

Background:Obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome are associated with lipid alterations, and they affect the risk of long-term cardiovascular disease. A reliable analytical instrument to detect changes in the composition or structures of lipids and the tools allowing to connect changes in a specific group of lipids with a specific disease and its progress, is constantly lacking. Lipidomics is a new field of medicine based on the research and identification of lipids and lipid metabolites present in human organism. The primary aim of lipidomics is to search for new biomarkers of different diseases, mainly civilization diseases.Objective:We aimed to review studies reporting the application of mass spectrometry for lipid analysis in metabolic diseases.Method:Following an extensive search of peer-reviewed articles on the mass spectrometry analysis of lipids the literature has been discussed in this review article.Results:The lipid group contains around 1.7 million species; they are totally different, in terms of the length of aliphatic chain, amount of rings, additional functional groups. Some of them are so complex that their complex analyses are a challenge for analysts. Their qualitative and quantitative analysis of is based mainly on mass spectrometry.Conclusion:Mass spectrometry techniques are excellent tools for lipid profiling in complex biological samples and the combination with multivariate statistical analysis enables the identification of potential diagnostic biomarkers.
Selling Security: The War on Terrorism and the Internal Security Act of Singapore
Authors: Cheong Damien 
Published: October 2017

The Internal Security Act (ISA) of Singapore has been transformed from a security law into an effective political instrument of the Singapore government.
Although the government's use of the ISA for political purposes elicited negative reactions from the public, it was not prepared to abolish, or make amendments to the Act. In the wake of September 11 and the international campaign against terrorism, the opportunity to (re)legitimize the government's use of the ISA emerged. This paper argues that despite the ISA's seeming importance in the fight against terrorism, the absence of explicit definitions of national security threats, either in the Act itself, or in accompanying legislation, renders the ISA susceptible to political misuse.
Capturing Otherness: Self-Identity and Feelings of Non-Belonging Among Educated Burmese in Thailand
Authors: Faucher Carole 
Published: October 2017

This paper explores the subjective experiences of migrants engaged in producing alternative modes of self-identification and in creating a new basis for their collective identity. Through the analysis of personal narratives, this article examines the dialectic movement between complex political and social constructions of Otherness and processes of self-identification among English-educated lowland Burmese living in Thailand. It investigates the meanings and perceptions attached to the different terms used as identity frameworks in popular discourse among Thai and among Burmese themselves and looks into how these terms and
attached meanings are appropriated and acted upon in different contexts. The migrants involved in this research come from vastly different backgrounds and ideologies, but they share in common being from the Burman ethnic majority, or having lived and studied among Burman, and identifying themselves in terms of civic identity, which is reflected by the term 'Burmese'. Once in Thailand, their situation is complicated because in their everyday life they have to face the Thai construction of being Burmese, known as 'Pama', a term associated with the historical enemy in Thai nationalist discourse. The contact that educated Burmese have with Thai classmates or co-workers is relatively limited due to the general mistrust Thai people tend to have towards them. The educated Burmese migrants also have to confront their national Other, the members of minorities from the secessionist states who compose the majority of migrants in Thailand. In this context, their own Burmeseness, which they rarely had to question before they left Yangon or Mandalay, appears suddenly as it is: an identity deeply fragmented that needs to be captured and reappropriated.