bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autophagy Promotes Peripheral Nerve Regeneration and Motor Recovery Following Sciatic Nerve Crush Injury in Rats
Authors: Huang Hai-cheng , Chen Li , Zhang Hai-xing , Li Sheng-fa , Liu Pei , Zhao Tian-yun , Li Chuan-xiang 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Autophagy maintains cellular homeostasis by stimulating the lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic structures, including damaged organelles and dysfunctional proteins. The role of autophagy in the renewal and regeneration of injured peripheral nerves remains poorly understood. The current study investigated the role of autophagy in peripheral nerve regeneration and motor function recovery following sciatic nerve crush injury in rats by stimulating or suppressing autophagy and detecting the presence of autophagosomes and LC3-II expression by electron microscopy and Western blotting, respectively. Neurobehavioral function was tested by CatWalk gait analysis 1, 2, 3, and 6 weeks after injury, and the expression of neurofilament (NF)-200 and myelin basic protein (MBP) at the injury site was examined by immunocytochemistry. Apoptosis at the lesion site was determined by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay. Treatment of injured rats with the autophagy inducer rapamycin increased the number of autophagosomes and LC3-II expression while reducing the number of apoptotic cells at the lesion; this was associated with an upregulation of MBP and NF-200 expression and increased motor function recovery as compared to sham-operated rats and those that were subjected to crush injury but untreated. The opposite effects were observed in rats treated with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine. These data indicate that the modulation of autophagy in peripheral nerve injury could be an effective pharmacological approach to promote nerve regeneration and reestablish motor function.
Progestin‐based contraceptive on the same day as medical abortion
Authors: Park Jeanna , Robinson Nuriya , Wessels Ursula , Turner James , Geller Stacie 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the success rate of medical abortion when a progestin‐based contraceptive—either an etonogestrel implant or depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) injection—is given on the same day as mifepristone for medical abortion.MethodsIn a retrospective chart review, data were assessed for women aged 15–49 years who underwent medical abortion (≤ 63 days of pregnancy) at two hospitals in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa, between August 2013 and July 2014. The women were given oral mifepristone (200 mg) and buccal misoprostol (800 μg), and received an etonogestrel implant or DMPA injection on the same day as mifepristone. The primary outcome was the success rate of medical abortion. Comparative data were obtained through a PubMed search.ResultsA total of 89 women were included. Complete termination was achieved in 87 (98%, 95% confidence interval 95%–100%) women. This success rate is similar to that reported in a previous systematic review of the rate of medical abortion success without progestin contraceptive administration (94.8%).ConclusionsAdministration of a progestin‐based contraceptive such as an etonogestrel implant or DMPA injection on the same day as mifepristone for medical abortion did not alter the success rates.
Integrating Rapid Diagnostics and Antimicrobial Stewardship in Two Community Hospitals Improved Process Measures and Antibiotic Adjustment Time
Authors: Lockwood Ashley M. , Perez Katherine K. , Musick William L. , Ikwuagwu Judy O. , Attia Engie , Fasoranti Oyejoke O. , Cernoch Patricia L. , Olsen Randall J. , Musser James M. 
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVETo assess the impact of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry for rapid pathogen identification directly from early-positive blood cultures coupled with an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) in two community hospitals. Process measures and outcomes prior and after implementation of MALDI-TOF/ASP were evaluated.DESIGNMulticenter retrospective study.SETTINGTwo community hospitals in a system setting, Houston Methodist (HM) Sugar Land Hospital (235 beds) or HM Willowbrook Hospital (241 beds).PATIENTSPatients ≥18 years of age with culture-proven Gram-negative bacteremia.INTERVENTIONBlood cultures from both hospitals were sent to and processed at our central microbiology laboratory. Clinical pharmacists at respective hospitals were notified of pathogen ID and susceptibility results.RESULTSWe evaluated 572 patients for possible inclusion. After pre-defined exclusion criteria, 151 patients were included in the pre-intervention group and 242 were included in the intervention group. After MALDI-TOF/ASP implementation, the mean identification time after culture positivity was significantly reduced from 32 hours (±16 hours) to 6.5 hours (±5.4 hours) (P<.001); mean time to susceptibility results was significantly reduced from 48 (±22) hours to 23 (±14) hours (P<.001); and time to therapy adjustment was significantly reduced from 75 (±59) hours to 30 (±30) hours (P<.001). Mean hospital costs per patient were $3,411 less in the intervention group compared with the pre-intervention group ($18,645 vs $15,234; P=.04).CONCLUSIONThis study is the first to analyze the impact of MALDI-TOF coupled with an ASP in a community hospital setting. Time to results significantly differed with the use of MALDI-TOF, and time to appropriate therapy was significantly improved with the addition of ASP.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2016;37(4):425–432
Characterization of a short-pulse high-power diode operated with anode effects
Authors: Cai Dan , Liu Lie , Ju Jinchuan , Zhao Xuelong , Zhou Hongyu , Wang Xiao 
Published: January 2016

AbstractUsually, the high-power microwave (HPM) devices suffer from impedance collapse and cathode material degradation or even failure. When the intense electron beam bombards the anode (or named as collector in HPM device), an anode plasma could appear under certain conditions. In this case, the impedance collapse is caused by the expansions of the cathode and anode plasmas and diode current overshot caused by the bipolar flow. In this paper, characterization of a short-pulse high-power diode operated with anode effects with a dielectric fiber (velvet) cathode is discussed. The bipolar flow (or anode plasma) is indeed evident at beam power densities ~11 MW/cm2and the pulse durations of ~50 ns. The analysis results of the deposit dose and thermal regime of the anode show that the electron stimulated desorption played an important role in the generation of anode plasma in this case. With the effect of anode plasma, the appearance of local cathode plasma flares (or nonuniform electron emission) is particularly detrimental for the diode closure. Micro-structure and elemental surface compositions of cathode are changed by the anode splashing, which is very harmful to the performance of cathode.
Applications of Chaos Theories to Psychiatry: A Review and Future Perspectives
Authors: Boldrini Maura , Placidi Giovanni P. A. , Marazziti Donatella 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe great revolution that took place in physics at the beginning of this century, which led to a total reshaping of the science and a different approach to natural phenomena, could serve as a model for future developments in other disciplines such as neuroscience. When investigated by traditional methods, the complexity of brain mechanisms remains quite elusive; the use of new strategies should, therefore, be a high priority.Although holistic interpretations of brain functions and dysfunctions still seem futuristic, the application of chaos theories may be one way of making these interpretations more understandable. In fact, chaos mathematics can be applied to brain activity, such as that recorded, by electroencephalogram (EEG), and to the interpretation of psychopathology. Similarly, clinical phenomena could be explained in terms of nonlinear dynamics. Moreover, the application of chaos theories to psychiatry might permit the study of the relationships between genetic and environmental factors in determining syndromes and symptoms. This could encourage the development of a nonlinear dynamic psychiatry which, in turn, would allow a better understanding of research findings and, perhaps, open new horizons to psychiatric intervention.
Local admixture of amplified and diversified secreted pathogenesis determinants shapes mosaic Toxoplasma gondii genomes
Authors: Lorenzi Hernan , Khan Asis , Behnke Michael S. , Namasivayam Sivaranjani , Swapna Lakshmipuram S. , Hadjithomas Michalis , Karamycheva Svetlana , Pinney Deborah , Brunk Brian P. , Ajioka James W. , Ajzenberg Daniel , Boothroyd John C. , Boyle Jon P. , Dardé Marie L. , Diaz-Miranda Maria A. , Dubey Jitender P. , Fritz Heather M. , Gennari Solange M. , Gregory Brian D. , Kim Kami , Saeij Jeroen P. J. , Su Chunlei , White Michael W. , Zhu Xing-Quan , Howe Daniel K. , Rosenthal Benjamin M. , Grigg Michael E. , Parkinson John , Liu Liang , Kissinger Jessica C. , Roos David S. , Sibley L. David 
Published: January 2016

AbstractToxoplasma gondii is among the most prevalent parasites worldwide, infecting many wild and domestic animals and causing zoonotic infections in humans. T. gondii differs substantially in its broad distribution from closely related parasites that typically have narrow, specialized host ranges. To elucidate the genetic basis for these differences, we compared the genomes of 62 globally distributed T. gondii isolates to several closely related coccidian parasites. Our findings reveal that tandem amplification and diversification of secretory pathogenesis determinants is the primary feature that distinguishes the closely related genomes of these biologically diverse parasites. We further show that the unusual population structure of T. gondii is characterized by clade-specific inheritance of large conserved haploblocks that are significantly enriched in tandemly clustered secretory pathogenesis determinants. The shared inheritance of these conserved haploblocks, which show a different ancestry than the genome as a whole, may thus influence transmission, host range and pathogenicity.
TIA1 oxidation inhibits stress granule assembly and sensitizes cells to stress-induced apoptosis
Authors: Arimoto-Matsuzaki Kyoko , Saito Haruo , Takekawa Mutsuhiro 
Published: January 2016

AbstractCytoplasmic stress granules (SGs) are multimolecular aggregates of stalled translation pre-initiation complexes that prevent the accumulation of misfolded proteins, and that are formed in response to certain types of stress including ER stress. SG formation contributes to cell survival not only by suppressing translation but also by sequestering some apoptosis regulatory factors. Because cells can be exposed to various stresses simultaneously in vivo, the regulation of SG assembly under multiple stress conditions is important but unknown. Here we report that reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as H2O2 oxidize the SG-nucleating protein TIA1, thereby inhibiting SG assembly. Thus, when cells are confronted with a SG-inducing stress such as ER stress caused by protein misfolding, together with ROS-induced oxidative stress, they cannot form SGs, resulting in the promotion of apoptosis. We demonstrate that the suppression of SG formation by oxidative stress may underlie the neuronal cell death seen in neurodegenerative diseases.
Label-free cell cycle analysis for high-throughput imaging flow cytometry
Authors: Blasi Thomas , Hennig Holger , Summers Huw D. , Theis Fabian J. , Cerveira Joana , Patterson James O. , Davies Derek , Filby Andrew , Carpenter Anne E. , Rees Paul 
Published: January 2016

AbstractImaging flow cytometry combines the high-throughput capabilities of conventional flow cytometry with single-cell imaging. Here we demonstrate label-free prediction of DNA content and quantification of the mitotic cell cycle phases by applying supervised machine learning to morphological features extracted from brightfield and the typically ignored darkfield images of cells from an imaging flow cytometer. This method facilitates non-destructive monitoring of cells avoiding potentially confounding effects of fluorescent stains while maximizing available fluorescence channels. The method is effective in cell cycle analysis for mammalian cells, both fixed and live, and accurately assesses the impact of a cell cycle mitotic phase blocking agent. As the same method is effective in predicting the DNA content of fission yeast, it is likely to have a broad application to other cell types.
Potential Dual Role of Eugenol in Inhibiting Advanced Glycation End Products in Diabetes: Proteomic and Mechanistic Insights
Authors: Singh Priyanka , Jayaramaiah Ramesha H. , Agawane Sachin B. , Vannuruswamy Garikapati , Korwar Arvind M. , Anand Atul , Dhaygude Vitthal S. , Shaikh Mahemud L. , Joshi Rakesh S. , Boppana Ramanamurthy , Kulkarni Mahesh J. , Thulasiram Hirekodathakallu V. , Giri Ashok P. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMedicinally important genus Ocimum harbors a vast pool of chemically diverse metabolites. Current study aims at identifying anti-diabetic candidate compounds from Ocimum species. Major metabolites in O. kilimandscharicum, O. tenuiflorum, O. gratissimum were purified, characterized and evaluated for anti-glycation activity. In vitro inhibition of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) by eugenol was found to be highest. Preliminary biophysical analysis and blind docking studies to understand eugenol-albumin interaction indicated eugenol to possess strong binding affinity for surface exposed lysines. However, binding of eugenol to bovine serum albumin (BSA) did not result in significant change in secondary structure of protein. In vivo diabetic mice model studies with eugenol showed reduction in blood glucose levels by 38% likely due to inhibition of α-glucosidase while insulin and glycated hemoglobin levels remain unchanged. Western blotting using anti-AGE antibody and mass spectrometry detected notably fewer AGE modified peptides upon eugenol treatment both in vivo and in vitro. Histopathological examination revealed comparatively lesser lesions in eugenol-treated mice. Thus, we propose eugenol has dual mode of action in combating diabetes; it lowers blood glucose by inhibiting α-glucosidase and prevents AGE formation by binding to ε-amine group on lysine, protecting it from glycation, offering potential use in diabetic management.
Severe summer heatwave and drought strongly reduced carbon uptake in Southern China
Authors: Yuan Wenping , Cai Wenwen , Chen Yang , Liu Shuguang , Dong Wenjie , Zhang Haicheng , Yu Guirui , Chen Zhuoqi , He Honglin , Guo Weidong , Liu Dan , Liu Shaoming , Xiang Wenhua , Xie Zhenghui , Zhao Zhonghui , Zhou Guomo 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIncreasing heatwave and drought events can potentially alter the carbon cycle. Few studies have investigated the impacts of hundred-year return heatwaves and droughts, as those events are rare. In the summer of 2013, southern China experienced its strongest drought and heatwave on record for the past 113 years. We show that the record-breaking heatwave and drought lasted two months (from July to August), significantly reduced the satellite-based vegetation index and gross primary production, substantially altered the regional carbon cycle and produced the largest negative crop yield anomaly since 1960. The event resulted in a net reduction of 101.54 Tg C in carbon sequestration in the region during these two months, which was 39–53% of the annual net carbon sink of China’s terrestrial ecosystems (190–260 Tg C yr−1). Moreover, model experiments showed that heatwaves and droughts consistently decreased ecosystem vegetation primary production but had opposite impacts on ecosystem respiration (TER), with increased TER by 6.78 ± 2.15% and decreased TER by 15.34 ± 3.57% assuming only changed temperature and precipitation, respectively. In light of increasing frequency and severity of future heatwaves and droughts, our study highlights the importance of accounting for the impacts of heatwaves and droughts in assessing the carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems.
The First Two Clostridium difficile Ribotype 027/ST1 Isolates Identified in Beijing, China–an Emerging Problem or a Neglected Threat?
Authors: Cheng Jing-Wei , Xiao Meng , Kudinha Timothy , Xu Zhi-Peng , Hou Xin , Sun Lin-Ying , Zhang Li , Fan Xin , Kong Fanrong , Xu Ying-Chun 
Published: January 2016

AbstractClostridium difficile hyper-virulent ribotype 027 strain has become a significant concern globally, but has rarely been reported in Asian countries including China. Recently, a retrospective single-center study in Beijing, China, detected two ribotype 027 C. difficile isolates from two patients coming for outpatient visits in 2012 and 2013. We performed a systematic investigation of the two isolates (and patients). Both C. difficile isolates had the typical PCR ribotype 027 profile; were positive for tcdA, tcdB and binary toxin genes; belonged to multilocus sequence type 1 (ST1); had typical ribotype 027 deletions in the tcdC gene; and were highly-resistant to fluoroquinolones; but had a different MLVA profile and were not genetically related to any previously reported international ribotype 027 clones. A review of the patients’ medical records showed that neither received appropriate antimicrobial treatment and were lost to follow-up after outpatient visits. We propose that C. difficile infections caused by ribotype 027 are probably a neglected problem in China and the subsequent impact of unawareness of this problem is worrying. Appropriate testing assays and multi-center or national level surveillance for C. difficile infections and specifically for ribotype 027 should be introduced to provide essential data and guide future clinical practice.
Inhibition of Canonical NF-κB Signaling by a Small Molecule Targeting NEMO-Ubiquitin Interaction
Authors: Vincendeau Michelle , Hadian Kamyar , Messias Ana C. , Brenke Jara K. , Halander Jenny , Griesbach Richard , Greczmiel Ute , Bertossi Arianna , Stehle Ralf , Nagel Daniel , Demski Katrin , Velvarska Hana , Niessing Dierk , Geerlof Arie , Sattler Michael , Krappmann Daniel 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe IκB kinase (IKK) complex acts as the gatekeeper of canonical NF-κB signaling, thereby regulating immunity, inflammation and cancer. It consists of the catalytic subunits IKKα and IKKβ and the regulatory subunit NEMO/IKKγ. Here, we show that the ubiquitin binding domain (UBAN) in NEMO is essential for IKK/NF-κB activation in response to TNFα, but not IL-1β stimulation. By screening a natural compound library we identified an anthraquinone derivative that acts as an inhibitor of NEMO-ubiquitin binding (iNUB). Using biochemical and NMR experiments we demonstrate that iNUB binds to NEMOUBAN and competes for interaction with methionine-1-linked linear ubiquitin chains. iNUB inhibited NF-κB activation upon UBAN-dependent TNFα and TCR/CD28, but not UBAN-independent IL-1β stimulation. Moreover, iNUB was selectively killing lymphoma cells that are addicted to chronic B-cell receptor triggered IKK/NF-κB activation. Thus, iNUB disrupts the NEMO-ubiquitin protein-protein interaction interface and thereby inhibits physiological and pathological NF-κB signaling.
Adipose triglyceride lipase (Atgl) mediates the antibiotic jinggangmycin-stimulated reproduction in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål
Authors: Jiang Yi-Ping , Li Lei , Liu Zong-Yu , You Lin-Lin , Wu You , Xu Bing , Ge Lin-Quan , Song Qi-Sheng , Wu Jin-Cai 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe antibiotic jinggangmycin (JGM) is an agrochemical product widely used in China for controlling rice sheath blight, Rhizoctonia solani. Unexpectedly, it stimulates reproduction in the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of the stimulation are unclear. The present investigation demonstrates that adipose triglyceride lipase (Atgl) is one of the enzymes involved in the JGM-stimulated reproduction in BPH. Silence of Atgl in JGM-treated (JGM + dsAtgl) females eliminated JGM-stimulated fecundity of BPH females. In addition, Atgl knockdown significantly reduced the protein and glycerin contents in the ovaries and fat bodies of JGM + dsAtgl females required for reproduction. We conclude that Atgl is one of the key enzymes responsible for JGM-stimulated reproduction in BPH.
Ultra‐low‐power one‐pin crystal oscillator with self‐charged technique
Authors: Wu Shang‐Chi , Lee Tai‐Cheng 
Published: January 2016

A one‐pin crystal oscillator (XO) employing a one‐pin startup and self‐charged architecture is proposed to reduce power consumption. The self‐charged circuit, replacing a constant‐current opamp, recharges crystal to save significant power. The proposed 32.768 kHz one‐pin XO, fabricated in a 0.18 μm CMOS technology, consumes 2.89 nW from a 0.25 V supply.
Geometry-induced protein pattern formation
Authors: Thalmeier Dominik , Halatek Jacob , Frey Erwin 
Published: January 2016

Significance
Biological cells need the ability to guide intracellular processes to specific spatial locations. This requires biochemical processes to sense and adapt to the geometry of the organism. Previously suggested mechanisms either assume proteins that are able to directly sense membrane curvature or are based on nonlinear diffusion–reaction systems that can generate geometry-adapted patterns. The latter, however, requires fine-tuning of the reaction rates. Here, we show that geometry adaption already follows from generic chemical dynamics. We present a simple reaction module based on generic reactions that establishes geometry-dependent patterns robustly without the need to tune kinetic rates nor any explicit curvature-sensing mechanism.
B. F. Skinner - The Butcher, the Baker, the Behavior-Shaper
Authors: Kitchener Richard F. 
Published: January 2016

Once upon a time in the land of Psi there lived a very famous baker named Fred. Fred the baker was known from far and wide as the very best baker in the land. His skill at baking was unmatched for he could produce loaves of any size or shape - long and thin bread sticks, round Kaiser rolls, crescent-shaped croissants, twisted oval loaves, and so on. His famous motto was: “Give me the unkneaded dough and in time I can produce any kind of loaf of bread desired.” Fred called this process ‘shaping’.There was a limit, of course, to what even Fred could do: he could not, for example, create whole-wheat bread from white flour. But this was a small flaw in an otherwise unblemished character, and although Fred frequently admitted the importance of the kind of flour one began with, rumor had it that he was even working on the possibility of overcoming this limitation.
Quantum Logic
Authors: Mittelstaedt Peter 
Published: January 2016

It has been shown by Birkhoff and v. Neumann (1936) and by Jauch and Piron (1963,1964,1968) that the subspaces of Hilbert space constitute an orthocomplemented quasi-modular lattice Lq, if one considers between two subspaces (elements) a, b the relation a⊆b and the operations a∩b, a∪b, a⊥. Furthermore, since the subspaces can be interpreted as quantum mechanical propositions, and since the operations ∩,∪ ,⊥ have some similarity with the logical operations ⋀ (and), ⋁ (or) and ⌝ (not), the question has been raised already by Birkhoff and v. Neumann, whether the lattice of subspaces of Hilbert space can be interpreted as a propositional calculus, sometimes called quantum logic.There are many kinds of lattices which can be interpreted as a propositional or logical calculus. A Boolean lattice LB of propositions corresponds to the calculus of classical logic and an implicative (Birkhoff, 1961) lattice Li has as a model the calculus of effective (intuitionistic) logic.