bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time to research Australian female physician‐researchers
Authors: Traill C. L. , Januszewski A. S. , Larkins R. G. , Keech A. C. , Jenkins A. J. 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundGiven the concerns that physician‐researchers are ‘at risk’, and ≈50% of Australian medical students are female, the evaluation of female physician‐researchers is important.AimsTo compare over time (i) research‐related metrics of male and female physician‐researchers from Sydney Medical School; and (ii) National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Project grant leadership by gender.MethodsThe Sydney Medical School (SMS) PhD award lists from 1989 to 2012 were cross‐referenced with the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency database, and registered medical practitioners were searched for in the Scopus database for publications and H‐indexes. The gender of medical‐practitioner Chief Investigator A (CIA) in Australia on funded NHMRC Project grants in 1990 to 2014 was also compared.ResultsOf the medical practitioners awarded University of Sydney PhD, females increased from 14 to 55% in 1989–1990 and 2009–2010 and decreased to 38% in 2011–2012 (overall increase, P = 0.047). PhD award timings relative to MBBS and clinical fellowship completions were similar for both genders (P > 0.05). Post‐PhD, as many women as men publish and have similar H‐indexes, but women publish fewer papers (0.7 vs 1.0 publications per year, P = 0.028). On medical practitioner‐led, funded NHMRC project grants between 1999 and 2014, female CIA increased from 7.5 to 19.5%, P < 0.0001. For the 17% of project grant applications funded to commence in 2014, 21% were medical practitioner‐led, of whom 19.5% were female.ConclusionsSince 1989, more female medical practitioners are completing SMS PhD at similar times in their careers to males. However, relative to their male peers, they publish less. Fewer female than male medical practitioner‐researchers hold NHMRC Project Grant CIA status nationally, although the rates are increasing. In addressing physician‐researcher workforce issues, including retention, attention should be given to factors impacting females
Role of Kir2.1 in human monocyte‐derived foam cell maturation
Authors: Zhang Wei , Lei Xin‐Jun , Wang Yi‐Fan , Wang Dong‐Qi , Yuan Zu‐Yi 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe role of K+ channels in macrophage immunomodulation has been well‐established. However, it remains unclear whether K+ channels are involved in the lipid uptake of macrophages. The expression and function of the inward rectifier potassium channel (Kir2.1, KCNJ2) in Human acute monocytic leukemia cell line (THP‐1) cells and human monocytes derived macrophages (HMDMs) were investigated using RT‐PCR and western blotting, and patch clamp technique. The expression of scavenger receptors in THP‐1–derived macrophages was detected using western blotting. Expressions of Kir2.1 mRNA and protein in HMDMs were significantly decreased by 60% (P < 0.05) and 90% (P < 0.001) on macrophage maturation, but overexpressed by approximately 1.3 (P > 0.05) and 3.8 times (P = 0.001) after foam cell formation respectively. Concurrently, the Kir2.1 peak current density in HMDMs, mature macrophages and foam cells, measured at −150 mV, were −22.61 ± 2.1 pA/pF, −7.88 ± 0.60 pA/pF and −13.39 ± 0.80 pA/pF respectively (P < 0.05). In association with an up‐regulation of Kir2.1 in foam cells, the SR‐A protein level was significantly increased by over 1.5 times compared with macrophages (P < 0.05). THP‐1 cells contained much less lipids upon Kir2.1 knockdown and cholesterol ester/total cholesterol ratio was 29.46 ± 2.01% (P < 0.05), and the SR‐BI protein level was increased by over 6.2 times, compared to that of macrophages (P < 0.001). Kir2.1 may participate in macrophage maturation and differentiation, and play a key role in lipid uptake and foam cell formation through modulating the expression of scavenger receptors.
Commentary: Does helping mothers with ADHD in multiplex families help children? Reflections on Jans et al. (2015)
Authors: Stein Mark A. 
Published: December 2015

Reflecting on the accompanying article by Jans et al., we draw the following thoughts. Future research on multiplex ADHD families is needed to elucidate mechanisms, timing, and a sequencing of interventions, preferably in treatment naïve participants. Furthermore, in addition to symptom measures, it is likely that multi‐informant measures of functional impairments such as parenting and parent‐child observations may help elucidate the complex mechanisms linking maternal and child ADHD, and eventually lead to more targeted, efficient, and feasible prevention and intervention strategies.
Maintenance of remission following successful treatment of papulopustular rosacea with ivermectin 1% cream vs. metronidazole 0.75% cream: 36‐week extension of the ATTRACT randomized study
Authors: Taieb A. , Khemis A. , Ruzicka T. , Barańska‐Rybak W. , Berth‐Jones J. , Schauber J. , Briantais P. , Jacovella J. , Passeron T. ,   the Ivermectin Phase III Study Group
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundThere are a limited number of approved treatments for papulopustular rosacea (PPR) and remission is difficult to maintain after successful treatment.ObjectivesTo investigate remission over a 36‐week extension period in patients with moderate to severe PPR successfully treated with 16 weeks’ treatment with ivermectin 1% cream once daily (QD) or metronidazole 0.75% cream twice daily (BID) in a randomized, parallel‐group Phase III study.MethodsTreatment was discontinued in patients initially successfully treated [Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) score of 0 or 1] with ivermectin 1% cream QD (n = 399) or metronidazole 0.75% cream BID (n = 365; Part A) and patients were followed every 4 weeks for up to 36 weeks (Part B). Treatment with the same study treatment as used in Part A was only re‐initiated if patients relapsed (IGA ≥ 2). Efficacy assessments were: time to first relapse; relapse rate; and number of days free of treatment. Safety assessments included incidence of adverse events and local cutaneous signs and symptoms.ResultsThe median time to first relapse was significantly longer (115 days vs. 85 days) and relapse rates at the end of the study period significantly lower (62.7% vs. 68.4%) for patients initially successfully treated with ivermectin 1% compared with metronidazole 0.75%; Kaplan–Meier plot demonstrated a statistically significant difference between the two arms (P = 0.0365). The median number of days free of treatment was higher for ivermectin compared with metronidazole (196 days vs. 169.5 days; P = 0.026). The percentage of patients who experienced a related adverse event was equally low in both groups.ConclusionThe results of this relapse study showed that an initial successful treatment with ivermectin 1% cream QD significantly extended remission of rosacea compared with initial treatment with metronidazole 0.75% cream BID following treatment cessation.
Development and Evaluation of Apple Peel‐ and Carboxymethylcellulose‐Based Biodegradable Films with Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties
Authors: Lee Sang Eun , Han Jung H. , Han Jaejoon 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAntioxidant and antimicrobial biopolymer films were developed by combining apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) peel (AP) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) with 1% apple peel extract and (+)‐tartaric acid. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of AP were found to be 24.94 mg gallic acid and 8.85 mg catechin equivalents/g dried weight, respectively. 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl/2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) scavenging activity were found be 9.86 mg ascorbic acid and 26.30 mg Trolox equivalents/g dried weight, respectively, demonstrating the strong antioxidant activity of AP. Tartaric acid showed great inhibitory effects against the four bacteria. The addition of the antioxidant/microbial agents to the developed films resulted in biodegradable films with great antioxidant activity and antimicrobial effects. CMC/AP films showed a more efficient release rate of antioxidant compounds and stronger antimicrobial capacity than the CMC‐only films. Results showed that the developed films efficiently inhibited microbial growth on chicken breast meat. These results suggest the potential applicability of the biopolymer films as an eco‐friendly and antioxidant/antimicrobial packaging material for the food industry.Practical ApplicationsDevelopment of such films has broad potential applications in the food industry. Antioxidant power of the films can effectively prevent oxidation of food product, and antimicrobial activity of the films can inhibit growth of the foodborne pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, application of the AP‐CMC films can ensure food safety and quality and extend shelf life of food product.
Degradation of Histamine in Salted Fish Product by Halotolerant Bacillus Polymyxa
Authors: Kung Hsien‐Feng , Lee Yi‐Chen , Tseng Ya‐Leng , Huang Ya‐Ling , Chen Tai‐Yuan , Tsai Yung‐Hsiang 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBacillus polymyxa D05‐1 isolated from salted fish product which possess histamine degrading activity was added to the salted fish products and held at 30C for 6 weeks in this study. Aerobic plate counts (APCs) in low spiked samples (4.0 log CFU/g) were remained constant during storage time, whereas, those of control samples gradually increased during first 3 weeks of storage and thereafter remained constant. However, the aerobic plate counts (APCs) of high spiked samples (6.0 log CFU/g) rapidly decreased to 4.0 log CFU/g at first week of storage, and thereafter increased slightly. The both spiked samples had considerably lower levels of total volatile basic nitrogen (P < 0.05) than control samples at each sampling time except for second week storage. In general, histamine contents in the both spiked samples markedly decreased during 6 weeks storage, whereas those of control samples increased with increased storage time. After 6 weeks storage, the histamine contents in high and low spiked samples were reduced for 45.8% and 36.0%, respectively, as compared with control samples. These results indicated that B. polymyxa D05‐1 could be utilized in salted fish fermentation to reduce histamine levels in fermented products.Practical ApplicationsThis study shows that Bacillus polymyxa D05‐1 can be used as an additive to degrade histamine for salted fish product. In addition, B. polymyxa D05‐1 could retard the increase of total volatile basic nitrogen in salted fish product. Therefore, this is an alternative method for the control of histamine in salted and fermented seafood.
Kiyoteru Tokuyasu: a pioneer of cryo‐ultramicrotomy
Authors: GRIFFITHS GARETH , SLOT JAN‐WILLEM , WEBSTER PAUL 
Published: December 2015

SummaryIn July 2015 Professor K.T. Tokuyasu passed away in San Diego giving us the opportunity to reflect on the contribution this electron microscopist made to the field of immunocytochemistry. His work provided a sensitive, minimally invasive approach to producing thin sections of biological material for labeling with antibodies. His approach has been applied to a wide range of biological applications and provided important information on cellular processes.
Longitudinal Investigation of Vocational Engagement
Authors: Spreat Scott , Conroy James William 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe vocational engagement of 216 individuals with an intellectual disability was followed over a 15‐year period. Engagement was operationally defined as activity in five simple categories: competitive, supported, or sheltered employment, plus prevocational and nonvocational daytime activities. Authors sought a long‐term view of trends in vocational and nonvocational engagement among all people who were receiving residential and day supports in the U.S. state of Oklahoma, and for whom data collection visits had been conducted during the entire 15‐year period. This was intended to assess what progress toward eventual employment has been made over the past two decades, and this information was aimed toward policy initiatives related to Employment First models. Authors selected all people for whom on‐site quality‐of‐life data were collected continuously from 1994 to 2009. Their primary types of daytime activities were reported, and the number of hours in each type were submitted to analysis. The overall amount of vocational, prevocational, and nonvocational activities changed sharply during the 15‐year period. Vocational and prevocational activity declined, while nonvocational engagement more than doubled, both in numbers of people and hours. During the same time period, the number of employed individuals consistently declined, as did the total number of hours worked. The decline was primarily evident in segregated forms of vocational activity, such as sheltered workshops and prevocational activities. There was no collateral increase in the use of more integrated forms of employment. Age did not appear to be a factor in this decline. The current emphasis on Employment First models would seem to be justified in view of this sample's longitudinal engagement outcomes. However, this analysis was done in only one state, and results must be compared and contrasted to those in other states.
End‐of‐Life Decision‐Making for People With Intellectual Disability From the Perspective of Nurses
Authors: Wagemans A. M. A. , van Schrojenstein Lantman‐de Valk H. M. J. , Proot I. M. , Metsemakers J. , Tuffrey‐Wijne I. , Curfs L. M. G. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractLittle is known about the involvement of nurses in the process of making end‐of‐life decisions for people with intellectual disability (ID). The aim of this study was to clarify this process from the perspective of nurses. This qualitative study involved nine semistructured interviews with nurses working in chronic care, conducted after the deaths of patients with ID in the Netherlands. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using Grounded Theory procedures. The core characteristic of the position of the nurses and of the way they supported the patient was “Being at the center of communication.” Related categories of topics emerging from the interviews were “Having a complete picture of the patient,” “Balancing involvement and distance,” “Confidence in one's own opinion,” and “Knowledge about one's own responsibility,” all of which were focused on the patient. This focus on the patient with ID might explain why the nurses could make valuable contributions to such an important subject as end‐of‐life decisions. People with ID themselves were not involved in the decisions. The nurses were not always aware who was ultimately responsible for the end‐of‐life decisions. Nurses are in a unique position to support the process of end‐of‐life decision‐making. It is important to use their knowledge and give them a more prominent position in this decision‐making process. It should be clear to all involved who is ultimately responsible for making the end‐of‐life decisions.
Validation of the Dutch version of the critical‐care pain observation tool
Authors: Stilma Willemke , Rijkenberg Saskia , Feijen Hilde M , Maaskant Jolanda M , Endeman Henrik 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundSystematic assessment of pain is necessary for adequate treatment of pain. Patient self‐reported pain is a superior assessment but is of limited use for intubated patients in the intensive care unit. For these patients, the critical‐care pain observation tool (CPOT) has been developed.AimTo perform a validation of the Dutch CPOT.Study designCross‐sectional observational study.MethodsThe Dutch translation of the CPOT was used. Clinimetric characteristics were analysed in a cross‐sectional design. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was tested by collecting CPOT scores in patients at rest and during turning. Inter‐rater reliability was tested by collecting CPOT scores simultaneously by two different nurses who were blinded to each other's scores. Criterion validity (area under the curve, sensitivity and specificity) of the Dutch CPOT (index test) was analysed using patient self‐reported pain (reference test).ResultsCronbach's alpha was 0.56. During rest, the inter‐rater reliability was 0.38 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.20–0.53). During turning, the inter‐rater reliability was 0.56 (95% CI: 0.42–0.68; area under the curve = 0.65 [95% CI 0.57–0.73]). At a threshold CPOT score of 2, the sensitivity and specificity were 39% and 85%, respectively.ConclusionThe Dutch CPOT is available for pain assessment in intubated patients unable to self‐report. Inter‐rater reliability is moderate. At the threshold, a CPOT score of 2, the sensitivity was 39% and the specificity of 85%.Relevance to clinical practiceThe CPOT is easy to use for systematic assessment of pain. Additional information about the threshold is valuable for use in daily practice.
Construction of chromosomal segment substitution lines and genetic dissection of introgressed segments associated with yield determination in the parents of a super‐hybrid rice
Authors: Liu Xi , Zhao Zhigang , Liu Linglong , Xiao Yinghui , Tian Yunlu , Liu Shi‐jia , Chen Liangming , Wang Yihua , Liu Yuqiang , Chen Saihua , Zhang Wenwei , Wang Chunming , Jiang Ling , Wan Jianmin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractHeterosis is a phenomenon whereby hybrids of inbred lines produce favourable phenotypes that exceed those of their parents. Traits of interest are higher yield and stronger stress tolerance. The two‐line super‐hybrid rice ‘Liangyoupei9’ (LYP9) shows superiority to both its elite inbred line ‘93‐11’ and ‘Pei'ai64s’ (‘PA64s’) parents and conventional hybrids. However, the genetic basis of its hybrid vigour, especially yield determination, remains elusive. In the present study, a set of 156 chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) carrying overlapping segments from ‘PA64s’ in a genetic background of ‘93‐11’ were constructed and planted in six environments. Three major agronomic traits, viz. panicle length (PL), heading date (HD) and plant height (PH), and five yield‐related traits, viz. grain weight per panicle (GWP), number of grains per panicle (GPP), 1000‐grain weight (TGW), seed set (SS) and number of panicles of per plant (PPP), were evaluated over 3 years. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was conducted using a likelihood ratio test based on stepwise regression. Forty‐six putative QTL distributed on 11 chromosomes were detected in more than one year. Remarkably, GWP of four CSSLs carrying positive yield QTL outperformed the recurrent parent ‘93‐11’ by more than 15%, in at least two environments. These results indicate that CSSLs are effective in identifying yield‐associated traits, and lines harbouring such QTL will be rich in resources for future molecular breeding programmes.
Co‐infection with Bovine Herpesvirus 4 and Histophilus somni Significantly Extends the Service Period in Dairy Cattle with Purulent Vaginal Discharge
Authors: Szenci O , Sassi G , Fodor L , Molnár L , Szelényi Z , Tibold J , Mádl I , Egyed L 
Published: December 2015

ContentsThe aim of the study was to investigate the effect of Bovine Herpesvirus 4 (BoHV‐4) and Histophilus (H.) somni on fertility rate of cows in a Hungarian Holstein‐Friesian dairy herd with purulent vaginal discharge (PVD). Non‐pregnant cows (n = 188) with mature corpus luteum were treated with cloprostenol and 3 days later if they did not show oestrus, were examined by rectal palpation. Animals showing PVD (n = 60/31.9%/) and 14 controls with normal vaginal discharge (Score 0) were randomly selected and further examined by ultrasonography and blood samples were collected for detecting BoHV‐4 DNA and transcervical guarded swabs were collected from the uterus for bacteriological examination. Although the majority of the examined animals were infected with BoHV‐4 and H. somni including the control animals as well, in group of animals with PVD score 3, fewer animals became pregnant and the duration between the first treatment to pregnancy was significantly extended. Based on these clinical and comparative data, our results confirm that these two microorganisms together may impair important reproductive parameters which may cause large economic losses to dairy farms.
Teacher, Researcher and … Policy Actor? Social Work Academics’ Involvement in Social Policy
Authors: Weiss‐Gal Idit , Gal John , Schwartz‐Tayri Talia‐Meital 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis cross‐sectional quantitative study expands the knowledge on the level of involvement of social work academics (SWAs) in social policy formulation processes, and the factors associated with this. SWAs are an interesting case for exploring the academia–policy nexus because they are affiliated with a profession in which the discourse regards social policy as a target of intervention. The study took place in Israel, where social work is strongly embedded in academia and enjoys relatively high professional status. The study drew upon a sample, which consisted of 57 per cent of all SWAs in Israel, and employed questionnaires developed specifically for the study. The findings show that the highest levels of involvement were in activities characterized by more active, public sphere routes of influence within the policy arena that were undertaken in conjunction with traditional social work partners. Social work scholars engaged in these activities more during the initial stages of the policy process. These forms of policy involvement reflect the dual impact of academia and the social work profession upon SWAs. Associated with level of involvement were individual factors, which included academic rank, perception of the social role of academia, perceived individual policy role, and perceived policy competencies. By contrast, factors linked to institutional support for policy engagement were not found to be associated with policy involvement.
Predicting environmental soil phosphorus limits for dissolved reactive phosphorus loss
Authors: Wang Y. T. , Zhang T. Q. , O'halloran I. P. , Tan C. S. , Hu Q. C. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe dependence of runoff dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) loss on soil test P or rapid estimations of degree of P saturation (DPS) often varies with soil types. It is not clear whether the soil‐specific nature of runoff DRP versus DPS is due to the different sorption characteristics of individual soils or the inability of these rapid DPS estimates to accurately reflect the actual soil P saturation status. This study aimed to assess environmental measures of soil P that could serve as reliable predictors of runoff DRP concentration by using soils collected from Ontario, Canada, that cover a range of chemical and physical properties. A P sorption study was conducted using the Langmuir equation to describe amount of P sorbed or desorbed by the soil (Qs, mg/kg) versus equilibrium P concentration (C, mg/L) in solution, where Qmax is P sorption maximum (mg/kg), k represents P sorption strength (L/mg), and Q0 (mg/kg) is the P sorbed to soil prior to analysis. Runoff DRP concentration increased linearly with increasing DPSsorp (i.e. the ratio of (Q0 + QD)/Qmax) following a common slope value amongst soil types, while the P buffering capacity (PBC0) at C = C0 yielded a common change point, below which runoff DRP concentration decreased greatly with increasing PBC0 compared to that above the change point, where C0 and QD represent the equilibrium P concentration and amount of P desorbed, respectively. Both DPSsorp and PBC0 showed great promises as indicators of runoff DRP concentration.