bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Characteristics and Trends of Socioeconomic Metabolism in China
Authors: Dai Tiejun , Wang Wanjun 
Published: September 2017

SummaryChina has become the country with the largest resource use and has high levels of waste emissions that pose a great management challenge. To provide more details about environmental problems and to find effective solutions, this article analyzed the scale, structure, and trend of the socioeconomic metabolism in China during the period 1992–2014 based on economy‐wide material flow accounts (EW‐MFA), and predicted resource use during the period of the 13th Five‐Year Plan. The results of this study show that the scale of China's socioeconomic metabolism in China increased more than twofold, during 1992–2014. However, after 2011, with the economic slowdown, the growth rates of total material requirement (TMR), direct material input (DMI), and domestic processed output (DPO) began to decrease. China may reach an inflection point, but this point will probably not be approached before the year 2020. Material recycling (MR) has played an important role in improving resource productivity, improving it by 92.52 renminbi per tonne in 2014. Metallic minerals and fossil fuels are the main sources of hidden flow. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, construction waste, and agricultural emissions have become the major sources of DPO. Because of the 13th Five‐Year Plan, China may slow the growth rate of DMI and may save 10.26 gigatonnes of resources during 2015–2020. Resource productivity is predicted to increase by 15.91%. Imports and MR may play more important roles. These suggestions are made: (1) strengthening the recycling system; (2) stronger policies, especially in metallic mineral and fossil fuels; (3) developing management systems for CO2 emissions, construction waste, and agricultural emissions; and (4) adjusting China's economic structure.
Association Between Increased Concavity of Maxillary Labial Alveolar Bone and Decreased Labial Cortical Bone Thickness: A Cone Beam Computed Tomography Aided Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Calvani Lino , Calvani Ludovica , Hirayama Hiroshi , Pissiotis Argiris , Michalakis Konstantinos 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPurposeTo assess whether an increased concavity of maxillary labial alveolar bone is related to labial thickness of cortical bone in that area and to the presence of extraoral manifestations in the philtrum.Materials and MethodsCone beam computed tomography images along with intra‐ and extraoral photographic images of 50 Caucasian female patients, age range 18 to 65 years (mean: 37 years), previously evaluated for implant treatment were assessed by three experienced prosthodontists. Patients were divided into two groups (A and B), according to the presence or absence of a horizontal groove at the philtrum area. Mann‐Whitney U test (α = 0.05) was performed to reveal any statistical differences regarding the angle of the maxillary labial concavity and the labial thickness of the alveolar cortical bone between the two groups.ResultsThe mean angle of the maxillary concavity in group A was 127.76° while in group B it was 137.12°. The mean thickness of the labial cortical wall of the dental, interdental, and edentulous areas of the 8 anterior teeth for group A were: 0.41 mm, 0.61 mm, and 0.46 mm, respectively; and for group B were: 0.52 mm, 0.72 mm, and 0.56 mm, respectively. The Mann‐Whitney U test (α = 0.05) revealed a statistically significant difference for both the angle (p = 0.008) but not for the thickness of the bone (p = 0.062).ConclusionsAccording to the results of this study an increased maxillary labial concavity was associated with reduced thickness of the labial cortical wall and the presence of a horizontal groove at the philtrum area.
Uniqueness of Entamoeba sulfur metabolism: sulfolipid metabolism that plays pleiotropic roles in the parasitic life cycle
Authors: Mi‐ichi Fumika , Miyamoto Tomofumi , Yoshida Hiroki 
Published: September 2017

SummarySulfur metabolism is ubiquitous and terminally synthesizes various biomolecules that are crucial for organisms, such as sulfur‐containing amino acids and co‐factors, sulfolipids and sulfated saccharides. Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite responsible for amoebiasis, possesses the unique sulfur metabolism features of atypical localization and its terminal product being limited to sulfolipids. Here, we present an overall scheme of E. histolytica sulfur metabolism by relating all sulfotransferases and sulfatases to their substrates and products. Furthermore, a novel sulfur metabolite, fatty alcohol disulfates, was identified and shown to play an important role in trophozoite proliferation. Cholesteryl sulfate, another synthesized sulfolipid, was previously demonstrated to play an important role in encystation, a differentiation process from proliferative trophozoite to dormant cyst. Entamoeba survives by alternating between these two distinct forms; therefore, Entamoeba sulfur metabolism contributes to the parasitic life cycle via its terminal products. Interestingly, this unique feature of sulfur metabolism is not conserved in the nonparasitic close relative of Entamoeba, Mastigamoeba, because lateral gene transfer‐mediated acquisition of sulfatases and sulfotransferases, critical enzymes conferring this feature, has only occurred in the Entamoeba lineage. Hence, our findings suggest that sulfolipid metabolism has a causal relationship with parasitism.
Xenotransplantation of human intestine into mouse abdomen or subcutaneous tissue: Novel platforms for the study of the human enteric nervous system
Authors: Nagy N. , Marsiano N. , Bruckner R. S. , Scharl M. , Gutnick M. J. , Yagel S. , Arciero E. , Goldstein A. M. , Shpigel N. Y. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundCurrent efforts to develop stem cell therapy as a novel treatment for neurointestinal diseases are limited by the unavailability of a model system to study cell transplantation in the human intestine. We propose that xenograft models support enteric nervous system (ENS) development in the fetal human intestine when transplanted into mice subcutaneously or intra‐abdominally.MethodsFetal human small and large intestine were grafted onto the small intestinal mesentery and into the subcutaneous tissue of immunodeficient mice for up to 4 months. Intestinal cytoarchitecture and ENS development were studied using immunohistochemistry.Key ResultsIn both abdominal and subcutaneous grafts, the intestine developed normally with formation of mature epithelial and mesenchymal layers. The ENS was patterned in two ganglionated plexuses containing enteric neurons and glia, including cholinergic and nitrergic neuronal subtypes. c‐Kit‐immunoreactive interstitial cells of Cajal were present in the gut wall.Conclusions & InferencesAbdominal xenografts represent a novel model that supports the growth and development of fetal human intestine. This in vivo approach will be a useful method to study maturation of the ENS, the pathophysiology of neurointestinal diseases, and the long‐term survival and functional differentiation of neuronal stem cells for the treatment of enteric neuropathies.
Successful Use of Cyclosporin A for Stevens–Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in Three Children
Authors: St. John Jessica , Ratushny Vladimir , Liu Kristina J. , Bach Daniel Q. , Badri Omar , Gracey Lia E. , Ho Allen W. , Raff Adam B. , Sugai Daniel Y. , Schalock Peter , Kroshinsky Daniela 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesStevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are medical emergencies. Mainstays of treatment include removal of the offending agent, supportive care, and wound care. The use of immunosuppressive agents such as corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is controversial. Some case reports and small studies report the successful use of cyclosporin A (CsA) for SJS/TEN in halting disease progression, fostering reepithelialization, and reducing mortality.ObjectiveTo report on the efficacy of cyclosporine A in the treatment of SJS/TEN in three pediatric patients.MethodsWe describe three pediatric patients seen at a tertiary care hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, diagnosed with SJS/TEN confirmed by skin biopsy who were successfully treated with CsA with improvements seen in time to cessation of disease progression or new lesion formation, reepithelialization, and duration of hospital stay.ResultsThe average time cessation of disease progression or new lesion formation after CsA administration was 2.2 days (range 1.5–3 days) and average time to remission or reepithelialization was 13 days (range 10–15 days). The average length of hospital stay was 11.7 days (range 4–19 days).ConclusionsWe describe three pediatric patients treated successfully with CsA and provide evidence for the use of cyclosporine in children with SJS/TEN. These results further support previous observations that CsA use for SJS/TEN produces consistently favorable outcomes. The results in this case series are limited by their observational nature. Additional trials are needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of CsA use in children.
An open‐label clinical trial assessing the efficacy and safety of Bend Skincare Anti‐Aging Formula on minimal erythema dose in skin
Authors: Morse Nancy L. , Reid Anna‐Jean , St‐Onge Marc 
Published: September 2017

SummaryBackground/purposeSunburn and other health risks associated with excess sun exposure place huge economic burdens on societies, and create discomfort and disease within susceptible individuals. Oral supplements that reduce sunburn may be advantageous. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of Bend Skincare Anti‐Aging Formula to ameliorate sunburn induced with a solar simulator.MethodsSubjects (n = 28) with Fitzpatrick skin phototypes I, II, or III took 4 capsules daily of the supplement providing 1400 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 120 mg of gamma‐linolenic acid (GLA), 5 mg of lutein, 2.5 mg of zeaxanthin, and 1000 IU of vitamin D3 for 8 weeks. Skin on each subject's back was exposed to a progressive sequence of timed ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure doses at baseline, and after 4‐ and 8‐week treatment to determine their minimal erythema dose (MED). Results were compared before and after treatment using 3 paired t tests and subsequently 3 linear mixed models.ResultsTreatment significantly improved tolerance to UV exposure as evidenced by increased MED at 4 and 8 weeks compared with baseline (P < .001). This protection increased with prolonged use of Bend Skincare Anti‐Aging Formula as demonstrated by progressively increased MED between baseline and 4 weeks, and again between 4 and 8 weeks (P < .001). Nearly 86% of patients responded to treatment within 4 weeks and 100% of patients responded by the end of the study, resulting in a 39% mean increase in MED at 4 weeks, and an 84% mean increase in MED at 8 weeks compared with baseline. Treatment was well tolerated with no product associated adverse events (AE) and only a few mild and expected side effects.ConclusionBend Skincare Anti‐Aging Formula safely and effectively provides significant skin photoprotection that increases with continued use.
Draft Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus brevis Strain 3M004, a Probiotic with Potential Quorum-Sensing Regulation
Authors: Li Qichuang , Pan Yonglong , Ding Linxian , Hong Huachang , Yan Shuxia , Wu Binbin , Liang Yan 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

We present here the draft genome sequence of
Lactobacillus brevis
strain 3M004, a probiotic that has potential for regulating quorum sensing. The strain was obtained from a type of aquafeed. The assembly consists of 2,459,326 bp and contains 33 contigs, with a G+C content of 45.10%.
Complete Genome Sequences of Four Extensively Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains, Isolated from Adults with Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia at a Tertiary Referral Hospital in Mexico City
Authors: Espinosa-Camacho Luis F. , Delgado Gabriela , Soberón-Chávez Gloria , Alcaraz Luis D. , Castañon Jorge , Morales-Espinosa Rosario 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Four extensively drug-resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
strains, isolated from patients with pneumonia, were sequenced using PacBio RS-II single-molecule real-time (SMRT) technology. Genome sequence analysis identified great variability among mobile genetic elements, as well as some previously undescribed genomic islands and new variants of class 1 integrons (In1402, In1403, In1404, and In1408).
Draft Genome Sequence of Zobellella denitrificans ZD1 (JCM 13380), a Salt-Tolerant Denitrifying Bacterium Capable of Producing Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate)
Authors: Wu Yu-Wei , Shao Yiru , Khanipov Kamil , Golovko Georgiy , Pimenova Maria , Fofanov Yuriy , Chu Kung-Hui 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Zobellella denitrificans
ZD1, isolated from sediments of an estuarine mangrove ecosystem in Taiwan, exhibits growth-associated production of biopolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB). This work reports the 4.05-Mbp draft genome sequence of
Z. denitrificans
ZD1, consisting of 217 contigs with a G+C content of 63.8% and 3,672 protein-coding sequences.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Endophytic Bacterium Variovorax paradoxus KB5, Which Has Antagonistic Activity against a Phytopathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000
Authors: Hong Chi Eun , Jo Sung Hee , Jo Ick-Hyun , Jeong Haeyoung , Park Jeong Mee 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Variovorax paradoxus
KB5, isolated from the inside of
Arabidopsis thaliana
leaves, showed antibacterial activity against the phytopathogen
Pseudomonas syringae
pv. tomato DC3000. Here, we report a draft genome sequence of
V. paradoxus
KB5, which contains a delftibactin-like nonribosomal peptide biosynthetic gene cluster.
Draft Genome Sequences of 64 Salmonella enterica Serotype Enteritidis Isolates Obtained from Wild Mice
Authors: Guard Jean , Cao Guojie , Kastanis George J. , Davison Sherrill , McClelland Michael , Sanchez Leon Maria , Zheng Jie , Brown Eric , Allard Marc W. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Salmonella enterica
serotype Enteritidis is a foodborne pathogen of global concern, because it is frequently isolated from foods and patients. Draft genome sequences are reported here for 64
S
. Enteritidis strains isolated from the intestines and spleens of mice caught live on chicken farms in the U.S. Northeast. The availability of these genomes provides baseline information on the genomic diversity of
S
. Enteritidis during the 1990s, when foodborne outbreaks traced to internal contamination of eggs were prevalent.
Fitness Costs of Plasmids: a Limit to Plasmid Transmission
Authors: San Millan Alvaro , MacLean R. Craig 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
Plasmids mediate the horizontal transmission of genetic information between bacteria, facilitating their adaptation to multiple environmental conditions. An especially important example of the ability of plasmids to catalyze bacterial adaptation and evolution is their instrumental role in the global spread of antibiotic resistance, which constitutes a major threat to public health. Plasmids provide bacteria with new adaptive tools, but they also entail a metabolic burden that, in the absence of selection for plasmid-encoded traits, reduces the competitiveness of the plasmid-carrying clone. Although this fitness reduction can be alleviated over time through compensatory evolution, the initial cost associated with plasmid carriage is the main constraint on the vertical and horizontal replication of these genetic elements. The fitness effects of plasmids therefore have a crucial influence on their ability to associate with new bacterial hosts and consequently on the evolution of plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying plasmid fitness cost remain poorly understood. Here, we analyze the literature in the field and examine the potential fitness effects produced by plasmids throughout their life cycle in the host bacterium. We also explore the various mechanisms evolved by plasmids and bacteria to minimize the cost entailed by these mobile genetic elements. Finally, we discuss potential future research directions in the field.
Cost comparison of orthopaedic fracture pathways using discrete event simulation in a Glasgow hospital
Authors: Anderson Gillian H , Jenkins Paul J , McDonald David A , Van Der Meer Robert , Morton Alec , Nugent Margaret , Rymaszewski Lech A 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveHealthcare faces the continual challenge of improving outcome while aiming to reduce cost. The aim of this study was to determine the micro cost differences of the Glasgow non-operative trauma virtual pathway in comparison to a traditional pathway.DesignDiscrete event simulation was used to model and analyse cost and resource utilisation with an activity-based costing approach. Data for a full comparison before the process change was unavailable so we used a modelling approach, comparing a virtual fracture clinic (VFC) with a simulated traditional fracture clinic (TFC).SettingThe orthopaedic unit VFC pathway pioneered at Glasgow Royal Infirmary has attracted significant attention and interest and is the focus of this cost study.Outcome measuresOur study focused exclusively on patients with non-operative trauma attending emergency department or the minor injuries unit and the subsequent step in the patient pathway. Retrospective studies of patient outcomes as a result of the protocol introductions for specific injuries are presented in association with activity costs from the models.ResultsPatients are satisfied with the new pathway, the information provided and the outcome of their injuries (Evidence Level IV). There was a 65% reduction in the number of first outpatient face-to-face (f2f) attendances in orthopaedics. In the VFC pathway, the resources required per day were significantly lower for all staff groups (p≤0.001). The overall cost per patient of the VFC pathway was £22.84 (95% CI 21.74 to 23.92) per patient compared with £36.81 (95% CI 35.65 to 37.97) for the TFC pathway.ConclusionsOur results give a clearer picture of the cost comparison of the virtual pathway over a wholly traditional f2f clinic system. The use of simulation-based stochastic costings in healthcare economic analysis has been limited to date, but this study provides evidence for adoption of this method as a basis for its application in other healthcare settings.
SNAP-2 EPICCS: the second Sprint National Anaesthesia Project—EPIdemiology of Critical Care after Surgery: protocol for an international observational cohort study
Authors: Moonesinghe S Ramani , Wong Danny J N , Farmer Laura , Shawyer Richard , Myles Paul S , Harris Steve K 
Published: September 2017

IntroductionThe admission of high-risk patients to critical care after surgery is a recommended standard of care. Nevertheless, poor compliance against this recommendation has been repeatedly demonstrated in large epidemiological studies. It is unclear whether this is due to reasons of capacity, equipoise, poor quality clinical care or because hospitals are working creatively to create capacity for augmented care on normal surgical wards. The EPIdemiology of Critical Care after Surgery study aims to address these uncertainties.Methods and analysisOne-week observational cohort study in the UK and Australasia. All patients undergoing inpatient (overnight stay) surgery will be included. All will have prospective data collection on risk factors, surgical procedure and postoperative outcomes including the primary outcome of morbidity (measured using the Postoperative Morbidity Survey on day 7 after surgery) and secondary outcomes including length of stay and mortality. Data will also be collected on critical care referral and admission, surgical cancellations and critical care occupancy. The epidemiology of patient characteristics, processes and outcomes will be described. Inferential techniques (multilevel multivariable regression, propensity score matching and instrumental variable analysis) will be used to evaluate the relationship between critical care admission and postoperative outcome.Ethics and disseminationThe study has received ethical approval from the National Research Ethics Service in the UK and equivalent in Australasia. The collection of patient identifiable data without prior consent has been approved by the Confidentiality Advisory Group (England and Wales) and the Public Privacy and Patient Benefit Panel (Scotland). In these countries, patient identifiable data will be used to link prospectively collected data with national registers of death and inpatient administrative data. The study findings will be disseminated using a multimedia approach with the support of our lay collaborators, to patients, public, policy-makers, clinical and academic audiences.
Bladder catheter dislodgement as a complication following placement of a subcutaneous ureteral bypass device
Authors: Pilot Mariette , Broome Cameron , Hammond Gawain , Ward Patricia M , McLauchlan Gerard 
Published: September 2017

A seven‐year‐old female, neutered, domestic short‐haired cat was presented with right‐sided hydroureter and hydronephrosis secondary to ureterolithiasis. A subcutaneous ureteral bypass (SUB) device was placed via mid‐line coeliotomy using fluoroscopic assistance. On routine examination 25 months after placement (three months after previous evaluation), urine could not be aspirated from the SUB port, and patency of the cystostomy catheter could not be confirmed under ultrasonographic flushing. Radiographs were performed and showed dislodgement and migration of the bladder catheter from the polyethylene terephthalate (‘Dacron’, Norfolk Vet Products, Skokie, Illinois, USA) cuff. No free abdominal fluid was present, and renal parameters and electrolytes were within normal limits. Fluoroscopic evaluation of the SUB device showed the native ureter was patent. Revision surgery was performed without complication. This complication has not been previously reported with the SUB device.
HALG
Authors: Czumaj Artur , Leonardi Stefano 
Published: September 2017

Most of the conferences in theoretical computer science (such as FOCS, ICALP, SODA and STOC) have the following format: several days of talks selected by a program committee, with all these talks, except for a few invited presentations, presenting results that are new and unpublished before. Most of us would agree that if one attended all these conferences, then one would get a very good overview of most of the important results in theoretical computer science. However, once a result has been presented in one of these conferences, then it is hard to see it elsewhere, making it quite challenging for the researchers to follow the developments in the field, unless they go to all the relevant conferences.
The newly established series of Highlights of Algorithms (HALG) conferences is trying to address this challenge by taking a di?erent approach, drawing some inspiration from other communities. HALG is designed to be a forum for presenting the highlights of recent developments in algorithms and for discussing potential further advances in this area. The conference aims to provide a broad picture of the latest research in algorithms through a series of survey and invited talks. It also includes a possibility for all researchers and students to present their recent results via short talks and poster presentations. HALG aims to be a venue one can go to to catch up on the hottest results and topics at the moment, as well as what one missed by not being able to attend all the relevant algorithmic conferences, such as STOC/FOCS/SODA/ICALP/ESA/ITCS, that year. Attending HALG should also constitute an opportunity for networking and meeting leading researchers in algorithms.