bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Institutional entrepreneurship and change in consumer protection policy in the telecommunications sector: innovations in the text-based analysis approach
Authors: Righettini Maria Stella , Sbalchiero Stefano 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis article analyses the institutional entrepreneurship within independent regulatory agencies (IRAs) as a variable explaining policy change over time and seeks to offer new insight for the identification and analysis of structure-agency relationships. The article contributes to the institutional entrepreneurship research agenda by connecting changes in IRA consumer protection policy to changes in agency leadership (specifically, agency presidents). The method used relies upon a quantitative and qualitative text analysis approach to connect and pinpoint structure-agency dynamics over time. The empirical sections compare and contrast the results obtained through the content analysis of the annual reports issued between 2000 and 2015 by the Italian Communications Authority (Agcom), and illustrate variations between periodic changes to Agcom’s presidency and changes in ideas, strategies and tools in the field of consumer protection in the telecommunications sector.
Contextualising the context in policy entrepreneurship and institutional change
Authors: Bakir Caner , Jarvis Darryl S L 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
While there is a considerable literature concerning policy entrepreneurship and institutional isomorphism, significantly less literature has emerged addressing the impact of context on policy and institutional entrepreneurship and of the interactions between various contexts and agency. In this article, we demonstrate that the actions of entrepreneurs in the public sector are most likely to generate policy and institutional changes when they are reinforced by complementarities arising from context-dependent, dynamic interactions among interdependent structures, institutions and agency-level enabling conditions.
Predicting loop conformational ensembles
Authors: Marks Claire , Shi Jiye , Deane Charlotte M 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMotivationProtein function is often facilitated by the existence of multiple stable conformations. Structure prediction algorithms need to be able to model these different conformations accurately and produce an ensemble of structures that represent a target’s conformational diversity rather than just a single state. Here, we investigate whether current loop prediction algorithms are capable of this. We use the algorithms to predict the structures of loops with multiple experimentally determined conformations, and the structures of loops with only one conformation, and assess their ability to generate and select decoys that are close to any, or all, of the observed structures.ResultsWe find that while loops with only one known conformation are predicted well, conformationally diverse loops are modelled poorly, and in most cases the predictions returned by the methods do not resemble any of the known conformers. Our results contradict the often-held assumption that multiple native conformations will be present in the decoy set, making the production of accurate conformational ensembles impossible, and hence indicating that current methodologies are not well suited to prediction of conformationally diverse, often functionally important protein regions.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Perverse Schobers and Wall Crossing
Authors: Donovan W 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFor a balanced wall crossing in geometric invariant theory (GIT), there exist derived equivalences between the corresponding GIT quotients if certain numerical conditions are satisfied. Given such a wall crossing, I construct a perverse sheaf of categories on a disk, singular at a point, with half-monodromies recovering these equivalences, and with behaviour at the singular point controlled by a GIT quotient stack associated to the wall. Taking complexified Grothendieck groups gives a perverse sheaf of vector spaces: I characterize when this is an intersection cohomology complex of a local system on the punctured disk.
Music, social media and public pedagogy: indie music in the post-Cantopop epoch
Authors: Wang Shuang 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
Hong Kong’s musical scene is rapidly changing along with the evolving media landscape. The purpose of this paper is to examine the new way of Cantopop production and dissemination in the new media ecosystem. Furthermore, this study calls for a reconceptualization of the process of Cantopop listening and sharing as a form of public pedagogy within the online public space.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on the investigation into two of the leading local indie bands Kolor and Supper Moment, this study explores the implications that social media and participatory culture have for these indie bands. In this study, the music content and promotion strategy of the two bands, as well as the role of their online audiences are studied.

Findings
Social media leads to more democratic cultural production and distribution. The strong online audience engagement serves as the foundation for the popularity of the two Cantopop indie bands. In their music practice, the lyrics appear to be in alignment with the goals and interests of the listeners, which gives rise to greater participation by its audiences through social media. Under the context of interactive internet culture, listening and sharing Cantopop can be seen as an educational force, thus reinforcing the values and attitudes.

Originality/value
While many important works have examined various aspects of Cantopop, little attention has been paid to the indie bands. This paper attempts to reveal the recent development of local indie bands as a site under the interactive internet culture. It also gives insights to the significant role of Cantopop played in public pedagogy.
Formation of urban cultural images: Wing Lee Street in Hong Kong
Authors: Cheung Wui Tim , Zheng Jane 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore how the cultural images of an urban quarter have been formulated by analyzing the Wing Lee Street (WLS) case in Hong Kong. This study aims to fill the gap in knowledge, which is predominantly associated with the effects of cultural policies on the production of attractive urban images, but has overlooked the social and ideological constructions placed on such imagery by the people viewing them.

Design/methodology/approach
In accordance with the study’s purpose, these images have been taken to have been formulated, thanks to the participation of different social forces that act based on their own respective interests.

Findings
This research has identified four social parties involved in the WLS project: the Urban Renewal Authority, which is a self-financed public corporation; local residents; nonprofit cultural organizations concerned with cultural continuity; and community interests, and artists and the media.

Originality/value
This study reveals the collisions, constraints and influences that result from these social forces’ interactions with one another, and how these have shaped the cultural image of WLS. Finally, this research presents the five dimensions of the cultural image of WLS.
Developing teacher capacity in Cambodia: an expanded model
Authors: King Elizabeth Fiona 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the issue of how best to develop teacher capacity in Cambodia. Since the 1990s the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport (MoEYS), with its development partners, has undertaken the tremendous task of rebuilding Cambodia’s shattered education system. Many of the policies and programmes that have been developed hinge on building teacher capacity. This paper investigates the extent to which the capacity of teachers in the schools in this study was developed under the current cascade model favoured by the MoEYS.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a case study methodology data were collected, primarily, through semi-structured interviews with teachers in three government primary schools located in different geographical areas, and ministry officials and advisors based in these locations.

Findings
The findings identified that the current cascade model of capacity development, apart from watering down what is taught as it filters along the system, is not developing the requisite capacity of teachers. The findings suggest that the current model limits what constitutes capacity and for whom.

Practical implications
An expanded model of capacity development is forwarded that includes: school-based training for all teachers on an ongoing basis; incremental training; and regular training for trainers and principals.

Originality/value
This paper offers valuable insights that contribute to the ongoing discussion of how best to develop teacher capacity in Cambodia. It may also offer insights on developing teacher capacity to those working in similar situations.
The flash crash: a review
Authors: Akansu Ali N. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the flash crash, and explain why and how it happened.

Design/methodology/approach
The author summarizes several studies suggesting various perspectives on the flash crash and its causes. Furthermore, the author highlights recently proposed and introduced improvements and regulations to reduce the risk of having similar market collapses in the future.

Findings
It is an overview paper that highlights the state of the art on the subject.

Research limitations/implications
Paper does not report any research findings of the author.

Practical implications
High-frequency trading (HFT) along with its pros and cons is the new normal for most of the current electronic trading activity in the markets. It is well recognized by the experts that HFT may have its important shortcomings whenever the rules and regulations are not up to date to match the technological progress offering faster computational and execution capabilities.

Social implications
HFT has created a societal discussion about its benefits and potential deficiencies as the common practice for trading due to potentially unequal access to market data by various categories of participants. Such arguments help the regulators to develop improvements to reduce the market risk and nurture more robust and fair markets for all.

Originality/value
The paper has a tutorial value and summarizes the current state of HFT. The readers of more interest are guided to the most relevant literature for further reading.
Measuring urban competitiveness: ranking European large urban zones
Authors: Sáez Lucía , Periáñez Iñaki , Heras-Saizarbitoria Iñaki 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to identify the main dimensions that determine the ability of cities to compete as locations for business and hubs for investment which can help policymakers to manage and prioritize urban development strategies.

Design/methodology/approach
A composite indicator is proposed as a weighted aggregate of sub-indicators for the identified component dimensions (basic, efficiency-related and innovation-related competitiveness). The indicator is used to draw up a ranking of 159 European Large Urban Zones (LUZs) located in 26 EU countries based on 31 indicators, broken down into the three core dimensions of urban competitiveness identified.

Findings
The dimensions underlying urban competitiveness in relation to the location of firms and attracting investment determine the level of economic development of the LUZs. The most competitive cities in the sample have a high level of economic development, and the innovation dimension is the most significant one for the three groups of cities considered, followed by the efficiency dimension and, to a lesser extent, the basic dimension.

Practical implications
The findings provide guidance to policymakers on the most relevant dimensions for urban competitiveness.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the literature shedding light on the complex relationships between efficiency-related and innovation-related factors with regard to urban competitiveness.
Sustainable tourism and development: the model of the Albergo Diffuso
Authors: Morena Marzia , Truppi Tommaso , Del Gatto Maria Luisa 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
In the light of contemporary tourist trends, this paper aims to provide insight on the topicality of the Albergo Diffuso Model, more than 30 years since this concept was developed.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper is not based on any particular methodological approach, as it is a practitioner viewpoint paper. It describes both, the contemporary tourist trends and the Albergo Diffuso Model, its main characteristics and some organizational issues.

Findings
The Albergo Diffuso is still a model worth implementing as it is relevant for the sustainable development of the Italian territory and of its treasures and to showcase the local traditions and the qualities of the Italian lifestyle. The Italian Government, too, has acknowledged its potential by means of some recent initiatives.

Originality/value
This paper highlights the value of the Albergo Diffuso Model as a tool to match the peculiar features of the Italian territory, local development and the contemporary tourist trends.
Trait‐based approaches for guiding the restoration of degraded agricultural landscapes in East Africa
Authors: Lohbeck Madelon , Winowiecki Leigh , Aynekulu Ermias , Okia Clement , Vågen Tor‐Gunnar 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Functional ecology provides a framework that can link vegetation characteristics of various land uses with ecosystem function. However, this application has been mostly limited to [semi‐]natural systems and small spatial scales. Here, we apply functional ecology to five agricultural landscapes in Kenya, Uganda and Ethiopia, and ask to what extent vegetation characteristics contribute to soil functions that are key to farmers’ livelihoods.

We used the Land Degradation Surveillance Framework (LDSF), a multi‐scale assessment of land health. Each LDSF site is a 10 × 10 km landscape in which vegetation cover and erosion prevalence were measured, a tree inventory was carried out, and topsoil (0–20 cm) samples were collected for organic carbon (SOC) analysis in approximately 160 × 1,000 m2 plots. Land degradation is a recurring phenomenon across the five landscapes, indicated by high erosion prevalence (67%–99% of the plots were severely eroded). We used mixed models to assess if vegetation cover, above‐ground woody biomass and the functional properties of woody vegetation (weighted‐mean trait values, functional diversity [FD]) explain variation in SOC and erosion prevalence.

We found that the vegetation cover and above‐ground biomass had strong positive effects on soil health by increasing SOC and reducing soil erosion. After controlling for cover and biomass, we found additional marginal effects of functional properties where FD was positively associated with SOC and the abundance of invasive species was associated with higher soil erosion.

Synthesis and applications. This work illustrates how functional ecology can provide much‐needed evidence for designing strategies to restore degraded agricultural land and the ecosystem services on which farmers depend. We show that to ensure soil health, it is vital to avoid exposed soil, maintain or promote tree cover, while ensuring functional diversity of tree species, and to eradicate invasive species.
Cereal progenitors differ in stand harvest characteristics from related wild grasses
Authors: Preece Catherine , Clamp Natalie F. , Warham Gemma , Charles Michael , Rees Mark , Jones Glynis , Osborne Colin P. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

The domestication of crops in the Fertile Crescent began approximately 10,000 years ago indicating a change from a hunter‐gatherer lifestyle to a sedentary, agriculture‐based existence. The exploitation of wild plants changed during this transition, such that a small number of crops were domesticated from the broader range of species gathered from the wild. However, the reasons for this change are unclear.

Previous studies have shown unexpectedly that crop progenitors are not consistently higher yielding than related wild grass species, when growing without competition. In this study, we replicate more closely natural competition within wild stands, using two greenhouse experiments to investigate whether cereal progenitors exhibit a greater seed yield per unit area than related wild species that were not domesticated.

Stands of cereal progenitors do not provide a greater total seed yield per unit ground area than related wild species, but these crop progenitors do have greater reproductive efficiency than closely related wild species, with nearly twice the harvest index (the ratio of harvested seeds to total shoot dry mass).

These differences arise because the progenitors have greater seed yield per tiller than closely related wild species, due to larger individual seed size but no reduction in seed number per tiller. The harvest characteristics of cereal progenitors may have made them a more attractive prospect than closely related wild species for the early cultivators who first planted these species, or could suggest an ecological filtering mechanism.

Synthesis. Overall, we show that the maintenance of a high harvest index under competition, the packaging of seed in large tillers, and large seeds, consistently distinguish crop progenitors from closely related wild grass species. However, the archaeological significance of these findings remains unclear, since a number of more distantly related species, including wild oats, have an equally high or higher harvest index and yield than some of the progenitor species. Domestication of the earliest cereal crops from the pool of wild species available cannot therefore be explained solely by species differences in yield and harvest characteristics, and must also consider other plant traits.
Episodic memory retrieval in adolescents with and without developmental language disorder (DLD)
Authors: Lee Joanna C. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundTwo reasons may explain the discrepant findings regarding declarative memory in developmental language disorder (DLD) in the literature. First, standardized tests are one of the primary tools used to assess declarative memory in previous studies. It is possible they are not sensitive enough to subtle memory impairment. Second, the system underlying declarative memory is complex, and thus results may vary depending on the types of encoding and retrieval processes measured (e.g., item specific or relational) and/or task demands (e.g., recall or recognition during memory retrieval).AimsTo adopt an experimental paradigm to examine episodic memory functioning in adolescents with and without DLD, with the focus on memory recognition of item‐specific and relational information.Methods & ProceduresTwo groups of adolescents, one with DLD (n = 23; mean age = 16.73 years) and the other without (n = 23; mean age = 16.75 years), participated in the study. The Relational and Item‐Specific Encoding (RISE) paradigm was used to assess the effect of different encoding processes on episodic memory retrieval in DLD. The advantage of using the RISE task is that both item‐specific and relational encoding/retrieval can be examined within the same learning paradigm.Outcomes & ResultsAdolescents with DLD and those with typical language development showed comparable engagement during the encoding phase. The DLD group showed significantly poorer item recognition than the comparison group. Associative recognition was not significantly different between the two groups; however, there was a non‐significant trend for to be poorer in the DLD group than in the comparison group, suggesting a possible impairment in associative recognition in individuals with DLD, but to a lesser magnitude.Conclusions & ImplicationsThese results indicate that adolescents with DLD have difficulty with episodic memory retrieval when stimuli are encoded and retrieved without support from contextual information. Associative recognition is relatively less affected than item recognition in adolescents with DLD.
Efficacy of antenatal corticosteroids in preterm twins: the EPIPAGE‐2 cohort study
Authors: Palas D , Ehlinger V , Alberge C , Truffert P , Kayem G , Goffinet F , Ancel P‐Y , Arnaud C , Vayssière C 
Published: November 2017

ObjectivesTo investigate the efficacy of antenatal corticosteroid (ACS) therapy on short‐term neonatal outcomes in preterm twins, and further document the influence of the ACS‐to‐delivery interval.DesignEPIPAGE‐2 is a nationwide observational multicentre prospective cohort study of neonates born between 22 and 34 completed weeks of gestation.SettingAll French maternity units, except in a single administrative region, between March and December 2011.PopulationA total of 750 twin neonates born between 24 and 31 weeks of gestation.MethodsExposure to ACSs was examined in four groups: single complete course, with an ACS administration‐to‐delivery interval of ≤7 days; single complete course, with an ACS‐to‐delivery interval of >7 days; repeated courses; or no ACS treatment.Main outcome measuresNeonatal outcomes analysed were severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia, periventricular leukomalacia or intraventricular haemorrhage grade III/IV, in‐hospital mortality, and a composite indicator of severe outcomes.ResultsCompared with no ACSs, in multivariable analysis, a single course of ACSs with an administration‐to‐delivery interval of ≤7 days was significantly associated with a reduced rate of periventricular leukomalacia or intraventricular haemorrhage grade III/IV (aOR 0.2; CI 95% 0.1–0.5), in‐hospital mortality (0.3; 0.1–0.6), and the composite indicator (0.1; 0.1–0.3), whereas a single course of ACDs with an administration‐to‐delivery interval of >7 days did not significantly reduce the frequency of in‐hospital mortality (0.7; 0.3–1.8). No significant differences in terms of benefit or risk were found when comparing repeated courses with a single complete course.ConclusionIn preterm twins, a single complete course of antenatal corticosteroids was associated with an improvement of severe neurological outcome, whereas reduced in‐hospital mortality was seen only when the ACS‐to‐delivery interval was ≤7 days.Tweetable abstractA single complete course of antenatal steroids reduced severe neurological morbidity in preterm twins (24–31 weeks).