bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L'armature urbaine de la France du Nord jusqu'à la seconde guerre mondiale : mutations et permanences
Authors: Bruyelle Pierre 
Published: June 2016

Pierre Bruyelle, Stedenstructuur in noordfrankrijk tot de tweede wereldoorlog : veran- deringen en permanentie.
In anderhalve eeuw heeft noordfrankrijk grote verschuivingen meegemaakt, wegens de revolutie op het gebied van de industrie, transport, steden en demografïe. Dat heeft de oude stadsstructuur aangetast. Een nieuwe logica heeft tot nieuwe urbanisatie geleid maar niet noodzakelijk de oude verdrongen, die in een zekere inertie bleef bestaan. Gevolg is een complexe régionale organisatie vanaf het einde van de XVIIIde eeuw, die niet geheel overeenkomt met de klassieke théorie inzake hiérarchie tussen steden.
Réseaux de villes et dynamique des territoires : une problématique d'aménagement
Authors: Paris Didier 
Published: June 2016

Didier Paris, Stedennet en dynamisme van de gebieden : problematiek van de ruimtelijke ordening.
In de woordenschat van de ruimtelijke ordening ontstaat de notie stedennet die de meer klassiek aardrijkskundige van stedelijk net vervangt. Het uitgangspunt is politiek-functio- neel : tussen sommige steden in een gebied bestaan niet alleen fysische maar ook functie- verbanden (gemeenschappelijke universiteit, gedeelde infrastructuren enz.) soms op poli- tiek vlak (concertatie, lobbying, opstellen van gemeenschappelijke projecten). De lectuur van deze ruimtelijke en politieke organisatie verschilt van die van de tradionele hiérarchie tussen steden, wat hier aangetoond wordt voor het noorden.
Industrie automobile et réseaux urbains dans la région Nord-Pas-de-Calais des années 1960 à nos jours
Authors: Delmer-Lantreibecq Sylvie 
Published: June 2016

Cette communication s'appuie sur l'étude des relations interindustrielles au sein du complexe automobile du Nord-Pas-de-Calais. Les industries sont implantées dans les espaces urbains régionaux essentiellement dans l' ex-bassin minier et dans l'aire métropolitaine. Les liaisons qui s'organisent entre les établissements structurent l'espace et sont l'écho de réseaux urbains multiformes.
Les effets de la mondialisation et de la réorganisation des productions sont lisibles dans le fonctionnement de ce complexe industriel. La généralisation des relations en flux tendus et des stocks minimum, la réduction du nombre de partenaires directs des constructeurs, l'organisation pyramidale des relations interindustrielles, seront quelques-uns des thèmes abordés, car ils ont des répercussions sur les réseaux industriels. Ceux-ci ont considérablement évolué entre les années 70 (période de développement de l'automobile dans la région) et la fin de ce siècle.
L'espace automobile européen est en cours de réorganisation, il apparaît marqué par une forte hiérarchisation. Le cas régional reflète cette spécialisation spatiale que les dernières localisations (Sevelnord, Toyota) accentuent. Cette contribution cherche à comprendre l'évolution des facteurs de localisation des constructeurs.
Nous identifions enfin les relations interindustrielles qui s'opèrent dans le complexe automobile régional mais aussi avec d'autres espaces (national et international). Les relations d'achat laissent apparaître un complexe automobile régional relativement peu interconnecté mais plutôt ouvert à d'autres pôles automobiles européens (Espagne, Belgique, vallée de la Seine...). La proximité n'est pas toujours synonyme de relations denses.
La vivacité d'une forme de sociabilité populaire les sociétés de secours mutuel dans le Nord sous la monarchie de Juillet
Authors: Van Wynendaele Karine 
Published: June 2016

Karine Van Wynendaele, De populariteit van een vorm van sociabiliteit : de vereni- gingen van onderlinge bij stand in het Noorden tijdens de Julimonarchie.
De verenigingen van onderlinge bij stand hebben tijdens de Julimonarchie een grote bloei gekend en zijn een essentieel element geworden in het leven van de volksklasse. Waaraan is dat te wijten ? Hun efficiëntie ? Van wie kregen zij steun, van- waar kwam de kritiek ?
In 1833 zijn er in het Noorden 106 verenigingen, gegroepeerd per beroep of per straat, die samen ca 7300 arbeiders en ambachtslui in de grote industriële steden verenigen. Elk lid stort 10 à 20 centiem per week en krijgt steun in geval van ziekte, handicap of soms voor een begrafenis. De leden komen wekelijks samen in een her- berg, de kans voor wat vermaak en om iets te drinken na het werk. Elk jaar wordt de heilige patroon gevierd. De administratie van Rijsel moedigde deze verenigingen aan. Hun geld heeft nooit gediend als stakingskas. Een verwijt was dat het geld meer naar feesten ging dan naar werkelijke hulp. Men heeft berekend dat de helft van de leden elk jaar geholpen werd, met 45 % van het verzamelde geld. Die hulp was van vitaal belang om echte miserie te vermijden. 45 % van het geld werd bewaard. Slechts 10 % werd gebruikt voor feestuitgaven. De kritiek was dus niet tercht.
TRIGONOMETRIC PARALLAXES AND PROPER MOTIONS OF 134 SOUTHERN LATE M, L, AND T DWARFS FROM THE CARNEGIE ASTROMETRIC PLANET SEARCH PROGRAM
Authors: Weinberger Alycia J. , Boss Alan P. , Keiser Sandra A. , Anglada-Escudé Guillem , Thompson Ian B. , Burley Gregory 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
We report trigonometric parallaxes for 134 low-mass stars and brown dwarfs, of which 38 have no previously published measurement and 79 more have improved uncertainties. Our survey focused on nearby targets, so 119 are closer than 30 pc. Of the 38 stars with new parallaxes, 14 are within 20 pc and seven are likely brown dwarfs (spectral types later than L0). These parallaxes are useful for studies of kinematics, multiplicity, and spectrophotometric calibration. Two objects with new parallaxes are confirmed as young stars with membership in nearby young moving groups: LP 870-65 in AB Doradus and G 161-71 in Argus. We also report the first parallax for the planet-hosting star GJ 3470; this allows us to refine the density of its Neptune-mass planet. T-dwarf 2MASS J12590470-4336243, previously thought to lie within 4 pc, is found to be at 7.8 pc, and the M-type star 2MASS J01392170-3936088 joins the ranks of nearby stars as it is found to be within 10 pc. Five stars that are overluminous and/or too red for their spectral types are identified and deserve further study as possible young stars.
Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir-Based Treatment of Patients with Chronic Genotype-1 HCV Infection and Cirrhosis: Results from Two Phase II Studies
Authors: Lawitz Eric , Poordad Fred , Hyland Robert H , Wang Jing , Liu Lin , Dvory-Sobol Hadas , Brainard Diana M , McHutchison John G , Gutierrez Julio A 
Published: June 2016

Background Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir ± ribavirin administered for 12 weeks to patients with genotype-1 HCV infection and compensated cirrhosis is effective and well-tolerated. The Phase II TRILOGY-1 and TRILOGY-2 studies investigated whether ledipasvir/sofosbuvir plus the non-nucleotide NS5B inhibitor GS-9669 or the NS3/4A protease inhibitor vedroprevir could reduce treatment duration and/or eliminate the need for ribavirin in genotype-1 HCV-infected patients with compensated cirrhosis. Methods In TRILOGY-1, 100 cirrhotic patients were randomized (1:1:1) to 8 weeks of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir plus ribavirin, ledipasvir/sofosbuvir plus GS-9669 250 mg or ledipasvir/sofosbuvir plus GS-9669 500 mg. In TRIL-OGY-2, 46 previously treated cirrhotic patients were randomized (1:1) to 8 weeks of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir plus vedroprevir ± ribavirin. The primary end points were the proportion of patients with sustained virological response 12 weeks after treatment discontinuation (SVR12) and safety. Results In both studies, most patients were male (each 65%) and white (92–96%), infected with HCV genotype-1a (62–70%) and had IL28B non-CC genotypes (82–87%). In total, 37–39% of patients were Hispanic or Latino. SVR12 rates were similar across treatment arms in TRIL-OGY-1 (82–91%) and TRILOGY-2 (88–95%); no patient had on-treatment virological failure. Two serious adverse events (acute myocardial infarction and cardiomyopathy) were reported in two patients participating in TRILOGY-1, both of whom had pre-existing cardiac conditions. Laboratory abnormalities were infrequent. Conclusions All ledipasvir/sofosbuvir-based regimens were well-tolerated. To shorten therapy and eliminate ribavirin, use of a more potent third agent or a third agent with a different mechanism of action may be required.
BENDAMUSTINE AND RITUXIMAB AS FIRST LINE TREATMENT IN SPLENIC MARGINAL ZONE LYMPHOMAS of ELDERLY PATIENTS.
Authors: Castelli Roberto 
Published: June 2016

Background: Splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) is a chronic B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder, comprising less than 2% of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas, and affecting mainly middle-aged and elderly patients with a median survival of >10 years. The typical clinical features of SMZL include splenomegaly. Treatment should be patient-tailored and can range from a ‘watchful waiting’ approach for asymptomatic patients without cytopenias to surgery, localized radiation therapy or immuno/chemotherapies. Recently, the combination of Rituximab and Bendamustine (R-Benda) has been defined as highly active in patients with follicular lymphomas, but little is known about the efficacy of R-Benda in SMZL. Aim of the study: The purpose of this retrospective study was to report our experience on the efficacy of R-Benda as first line treatment in 23 consecutive elderly SMZL patients. Results: All patients had a complete resolution of splenomegaly along with restoration of their blood counts. Nineteen patients (83%) achieved a complete response (CR) to therapy; three patients (13%) achieved a partial response (PR).Ten patients (43%) obtained molecular remission. Toxicities were mild and mainly haematological and result in dose reductions for fourteen patients. Conclusions: Our data suggest a high activity and good tolerance of R-Benda, despite dose reduction due to potential toxicity.
BISPHOSPHONATES IN LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS: AN INTERNATIONAL RETROSPECTIVE CASE SERIES
Authors: Chellapandian Deepak , Makras Polyzois , Kaltsas Gregory , Van den Bos Cor , Naccache Lamia , Rampal Raajit , Carret Anne-Sophie , Weitzman Sheila , Egeler R. Maarten , Abla Oussama 
Published: June 2016

Background: Bone is the most common organ of involvement in patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), which is often painful and associated with significant morbidity from pathological fractures. Current first-line treatments include chemotherapy and steroids that are effective but often associated with adverse effects, whereas the disease may reactivate despite an initial response to first-line agents. Bisphosphonates are osteoclast inhibitors that have shown to be helpful in treating bone lesions of LCH. To date, there are no large international studies to describe their role in treating bone lesions of LCH. Method: We conducted a multicenter retrospective review of 13 patients with histologically proven LCH, who had received bisphosphonates either at diagnosis or at disease reactivation. Results: Ten patients (77%) had a single system bone disease, and 3 (23%) had bone lesions as part of multisystem disease. Median follow-up time post-bisphosphonate therapy was 4.6 years (range, 0.8 to 8.2 years). Treatment with bisphosphonates was associated with significant pain relief in almost all patients. Twelve (92%) achieved resolution of active bone lesions, and 10 out of them had no active disease for a median of 3.5 years (range, 0.8 to 5 years). One patient did not respond. No major adverse effects were reported in this series. Conclusion: Bisphosphonates are well-tolerated drugs that can significantly improve bone pain and induce remission in active bone LCH. Future prospective studies evaluating the role of bisphosphonates in LCH are warranted.
The Coming Breakthrough in Risk Research
Authors: Jaeger Carlo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe paper proposes a novel way to handle the relation between decision theory and uncertainty in the context of policy design. Present risk governance is based primarily on two institutions – insurance markets and public risk governance – supported by a powerful theory: the expected utility approach to risk. New systemic risks like those of nuclear war, pandemics, climate change and global financial breakdowns call for further progress. Such progress is feasible because recent research has developed ways to address the basic difficulties of expected utility without loosing its valuable insights. They involve three major advances. First, to introduce a risk function that generalizes expected utility so as to overcome well-known difficulties like the Allais paradox. Second, to embed expected utility in a framework of iterated network games so as to take into account the social learning processes that are essential for real world risk governance. And third, to accommodate the logic of complementary descriptions called for by the new systemic risks. The coming breakthrough in risk research may best be achieved by bringing these advances to bear on practical efforts aiming at integrated risk governance.
Measurement, growth types and shrinkage of newly formed aerosol particles at an urban research platform
Authors: Salma Imre , Németh Zoltán , Weidinger Tamás , Kovács Boldizsár , Kristóf Gergely 
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Budapest platform for Aerosol Research and Training (BpART) was created for advancing long-term on-line atmospheric measurements and intensive aerosol sample collection campaigns in Budapest. A joint study including atmospheric chemistry or physics, meteorology, and fluid dynamics on several-year-long data sets obtained at the platform confirmed that the location represents a well-mixed, average atmospheric environment for the city centre. The air streamlines indicated that the host and neighbouring buildings together with the natural orography play an important role in the near-field dispersion processes. Details and features of the airflow structure were derived, and they can be readily utilised for further interpretations. An experimental method to determine particle diffusion losses in the differential mobility particle sizer (DMPS) system of the BpART facility was proposed. It is based on CPC–CPC (condensation particle counter) and DMPS–CPC comparisons. Growth types of nucleated particles observed in 4 years of measurements were presented and discussed specifically for cities. Arch-shaped size distribution surface plots consisting of a growth phase followed by a shrinkage phase were characterised separately since they supply information on nucleated particles. They were observed in 4.5 % of quantifiable nucleation events. The shrinkage phase took 1 h 34 min in general, and the mean shrinkage rate with standard deviation was −3.8 ± 1.0 nm h−1. The shrinkage of particles was mostly linked to changes in local atmospheric conditions, especially in global radiation and the gas-phase H2SO4 concentration through its proxy, or to atmospheric mixing in few cases. Some indirect results indicate that variations in the formation and growth rates of nucleated particles during their atmospheric transport could be a driving force of shrinkage for particles of very small sizes and on specific occasions.
Classification of karst springs for flash-flood-prone areas in western Turkey
Authors: Demiroglu Muhterem 
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Flash floods are caused by heavy rainfall that has become more frequent. They are more prominent in low-storage karst regions, although karst terrain often acts as a natural flood control particularly when it is bare and dominated by conduits. A study using a hydrogeochemical approach and assessing data from several springs in different carbonate rock in western Turkey has made it possible to classify karst aquifers based on their response to heavy rainfall events. According to this aim, physico-chemical measurements in wet and dry seasons and discharge rates in springs are compared in order to explain aquifer characteristics. Groundwater samples have a pH ranging from 6.3 to 8.9, temperature (T) varying from 7 to 35 °C and electrical conductivity (EC) ranging from 140 to 998 µs cm−1. Groundwater samples with high EC, high T and low dissolved oxygen (DO) represent the deep circulating water, while low EC, low T and high DO are linked to the shallow circulating water. Lower variability between wet and dry seasons reveals that fracture permeability is predominantly controlled by diffuse groundwater flow with low or high storage, and conduit permeability with high storage. However, variability of the physico-chemical characteristics is higher in a conduit permeability with low storage. These types of aquifers with high transfer capability, predominantly controlled by turbulent groundwater flow, affect flash floods.
Congo Gods by Christian Names: Hurston's Prayer-Speech as Cultural Inheritance
Authors: Melton McKinley Eric 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Zora Neale Hurston's admiration for Black vernacular language is evident in her focus on prayer-speech, framed as part of a cultural and spiritual inheritance that Hurston consciously draws between the characters in her debut novel—the semiautobiographical Jonah's Gourd Vine (1934)—her nonfiction essays, and her folklore collections. As represented by Hurston, prayer-speech reflects the process of conscious syncretism whereby West African spiritual ideals were deliberately selected, retained, and applied to Western-framed Judeo-Christian beliefs and practices. Hurston's emphasis on prayer-speech, and the cultural consciousness that permeates the diasporic oral tradition, further positions her as a valuable resource for scholars of Africana religions.
Study on cavitation behavior during high-intensity focused ultrasound exposure by using optical and ultrasonic imaging
Authors: Taguchi Kei , Takagi Ryo , Yasuda Jun , Yoshizawa Shin , Umemura Shin-ichiro 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Cavitation bubbles are known to enhance the heating effect of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). In our previous study, the use of a “triggered HIFU” sequence consisting of a high-intensity pulse and a relatively low-intensity burst was proposed as an effective method to utilize the effect of cavitation bubbles. However, the duration of each component in the sequence has not been optimized. In this study, optical imaging was carried out to observe the behavior of cavitation bubbles in a gel phantom during the triggered HIFU exposure. Ultrasound imaging using the pulse inversion method was also conducted to detect the behavior of the bubbles. The results suggest that the oscillation of cavitation bubbles become inactive as the duration of HIFU burst exposure increases to the order of 10 ms. It was also suggested that ultrasonic imaging has potential use for detecting a change in the oscillation of cavitation bubbles for optimizing a triggered HIFU sequence.
Dense water formation in the north‐western Mediterranean area during HyMeX‐SOP2 in 1/36° ocean simulations: Sensitivity to initial conditions
Authors: Léger Fabien , Lebeaupin Brossier Cindy , Giordani Hervé , Arsouze Thomas , Beuvier Jonathan , Bouin Marie‐Noëlle , Bresson Émilie , Ducrocq Véronique , Fourrié Nadia , Nuret Mathieu 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe north‐western Mediterranean Sea is a key location where intense air‐sea exchanges occur in autumn and winter. The succession of strong mistral and tramontane situations, leading to significant evaporation and ocean heat loss, is well known as the controlling factor in the dense water formation (DWF) with deep convection episodes. During HyMeX‐SOP2 (1 February to 15 March 2013), several platforms sampled the area in order to document DWF and air‐sea exchanges. This study investigates the ability of the NEMO‐WMED36 ocean model (1/36°‐resolution), driven in surface by the hourly air‐sea fluxes from the AROME‐WMED forecasts (2.5 km resolution), to represent DWF during HyMeX‐SOP2 and focuses on the sensitivity to initial conditions. After a short evaluation of the atmospheric forcing, the high‐resolution oceanic simulations using three different data sets as initial and boundary conditions are compared to observations collected during the field campaign. It evidences that using regional model outputs may lead to unrealistic thermohaline characteristics for the intermediate and deep waters, which degrade the simulated new dense water formed. Using ocean analyses built from observations, permits to obtain more realistic characteristics of the Western Mediterranean dense water. However, a low stratification favors an overestimation of the convective area and of the DWF rate. The DWF chronology is also impacted. Nevertheless, in every run, SOP2 is characterized by the production of water denser than 29.11 kg m−3 with a peak during the strong mistral event of 23–25 February followed by a period of restratification, before a last event of bottom convection on 13–15 March.
Distinct characteristics of the intermediate water observed off the east coast of Korea during two contrasting years
Authors: Nam SungHyun , Yoon Seung‐Tae , Park Jae‐Hyoung , Kim Young Ho , Chang Kyung‐Il 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe intermediate water known as “East Sea Intermediate Water” found south of the Subpolar Front (SF) is known to be formed in the northern East/Japan Sea (EJS), and its physical properties are determined by wintertime air‐sea interaction north of the SF. Hydrographic data collected off the Korean coast show significant decadal oscillations in spiciness (π) following isopycnals of intermediate layer, which are explained by the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and consequent cold‐air outbreaks. During positive AO phases, the cold‐air outbreak and water formation are more active and the intermediate water having the same π reaches higher density (higher π following the same isopycnals). At interannual time scale, however, the π variability is well beyond the relationship with the AO. Especially, significantly lower π (both fresher and colder) intermediate water was observed in spring of 2010 than 2001 under the same surface net‐heat flux peaks in the northern EJS in the two winters. Such contrasting characteristics of intermediate water between 2001 and 2010 are consistent with the HYCOM reanalysis results which indicate widespread extension of low‐ (high‐) π intermediate water in the southwestern EJS in 2010 (2001). A clear contrast in circulation pattern is suggested to derive the distinctly different characteristics of the intermediate water. Northward penetration of the East Korea Warm Current (EKWC) inhibited the southward extension of the intermediate water in 2001 off the east coast of Korea. On the other hand, the EKWC that poorly developed in 2010 allowed low‐π intermediate water to prevail in the southwestern EJS.