bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resource stoichiometry and the biogeochemical consequences of nitrogen deposition in a mixed deciduous forest
Authors: Midgley Meghan G. , Phillips Richard P. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEcosystems often show differential sensitivity to chronic nitrogen (N) deposition; hence, a critical challenge is to improve our understanding of how and why site‐specific factors mediate biogeochemical responses to N enrichment. We examined the extent to which N impacts on soil carbon (C) and N dynamics depend on microbial resource stoichiometry. We added N to forest plots dominated by ectomycorrhizal (ECM) trees, which have litter and soil pools rich in organic N and relatively wide C:N ratios, and adjacent forest plots dominated by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) trees, which have litter and soil pools rich in inorganic N and relatively narrow C:N ratios. While microbes in both plot types exhibited fairly strict biomass homeostasis, microbes in AM‐ and ECM‐dominated plots differed in their physiological responses to N addition. Microbes in ECM plots responded to N enrichment by decreasing their investment in N‐acquisition enzymes (relative to C‐acquisition enzymes) and increasing N mineralization rates (relative to C mineralization rates), suggesting that N addition alleviated microbial N demand. In contrast, heterotrophic microbial activities in AM plots were unaffected by N addition, most likely as a result of N‐induced increases in net nitrification (60% increase relative to control plots) and nitrate mobilization (e.g., sixfold increases in mobilization relative to control plots). Combined, our findings suggest the stoichiometric differences between AM and ECM soils are the primary drivers of the observed responses. Plant and microbial communities characterized by wide C:N are more susceptible to N‐induced changes in decomposition and soil C dynamics, whereas communities characterized by narrow C:N are more susceptible to N‐induced nitrate leaching losses. Hence, the biogeochemical consequences of N deposition in temperate forests may be driven by the stoichiometry of the dominant trees and their associated microbes.
Contribution of lianas to plant area index and canopy structure in a Panamanian forest
Authors: Rodríguez‐Ronderos M. Elizabeth , Bohrer Gil , Sanchez‐Azofeifa Arturo , Powers Jennifer S. , Schnitzer Stefan A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractLianas are an important component of tropical forests, where they reduce tree growth, fecundity, and survival. Competition for light from lianas may be intense; however, the amount of light that lianas intercept is poorly understood. We used a large‐scale liana‐removal experiment to quantify light interception by lianas in a Panamanian secondary forest. We measured the change in plant area index (PAI) and forest structure before and after cutting lianas (for 4 yr) in eight 80 m × 80 m plots and eight control plots (16 plots total). We used ground‐based LiDARto measure the 3‐dimensional canopy structure before cutting lianas, and then annually for 2 yr afterwards. Six weeks after cutting lianas, mean plotPAIwas 20% higher in control vs. liana removal plots. One yr after cutting lianas, mean plotPAIwas ~17% higher in control plots. The differences between treatments diminished significantly 2 yr after liana cutting and, after 4 yr, trees had fully compensated for liana removal. Ground‐based LiDARrevealed that lianas attenuated light in the upper‐ and middle‐forest canopy layers, and not only in the upper canopy as was previously suspected. Thus, lianas compete with trees by intercepting light in the upper‐ and mid‐canopy of this forest.
Bioactive compounds of oils extracted from fruits seeds obtained from agroindustrial waste
Authors: da Silva Ana Carolina , Jorge Neuza 
Published: September 2016

This study aimed at evaluating the oils extracted from seeds originating from agroindustrial wastes, in order to identify the presence of bioactive compounds. The oils extracted from seeds of apple, citron, grape, guava, kumquat, mangaba, mango, melon, orange, papaya, passion fruit, pumpkin, soursop, strawberry, and tomato were studied. Therefore, determination of fatty acid profile, triglycerides, composition of tocopherols, phytosterols and phenolic compounds, and total carotenoids was performed in the oils. Strawberry seed oil stood out for its high content of linolenic acid (31.5%), which is classified as essential fatty acid, and also for its high content of phenolic compounds, compared to the other samples. The concentrations of tocopherols ranged from nd (not detected), in kumquat seed oil, to 534.53 mg/kg, in apple seed oil. The main phytosterol found among the samples was β‐sitosterol.Practical applications: The analyses accomplished indicate that these oils can be a new source of oils for human consumption. The information presented might be directly used for developing of functional foods, as well chemical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.This study aimed at evaluating the oils extracted from seeds originating from agroindustrial wastes. Determination of fatty acid profile, composition of tocopherols, phytosterols and phenolic compounds, and total carotenoids was performed in the oils extracted from seeds of apple, citron, grape, guava, kumquat, mangaba, mango, melon, orange, papaya, passion fruit, pumpkin, soursop, strawberry, and tomato.
Online bioprocess data generation, analysis, and optimization for parallel fed‐batch fermentations in milliliter scale
Authors: Nickel David Benjamin , Cruz‐Bournazou Mariano Nicolas , Wilms Terrance , Neubauer Peter , Knepper Andreas 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBioprocess development, optimization, and control in mini‐bioreactor systems require information about essential process parameters, high data densities, and the ability to dynamically change process conditions. We present an integration approach combining a parallel mini‐bioreactor system integrated into a liquid handling station (LHS) with a second LHS for offline analytics. Non‐invasive sensors measure pH and DO online. Offline samples are collected every 20 min and acetate, glucose, and OD620 subsequently analyzed offline. All data are automatically collected, analyzed, formalized, and used for process control and optimization. Fed‐batch conditions are realized via a slow enzymatic glucose release system. The integration approach was successfully used to apply an online experimental re‐design method to eight Escherichia coli fed‐batch cultivations. The method utilizes generated data to select the following experimental actions online in order to reach the optimization goal of estimating E. coli fed‐batch model parameters with as high accuracy as possible. Optimal experimental designs were re‐calculated online based on the experimental data and implemented by introducing pulses via the LHS to the running fermentations. The LHS control allows for various implementations of advanced control and optimization strategies in milliliter scale.
Y90‐Ibritumomab tiuxetan (Y90‐IT) and high‐dose melphalan as conditioning regimen before autologous stem cell transplantation for elderly patients with lymphoma in relapse or resistant to chemotherapy: a feasibility trial (SAKK 37/05)
Authors: Voegeli Michèle , Rondeau Stephanie , Berardi Vilei Simona , Lerch Erika , Wannesson Luciano , Pabst Thomas , Rentschler Jochen , Bargetzi Mario , Jost Lorenz , Ketterer Nicolas , Bischof Delaloye Angelika , Ghielmini Michele 
Published: September 2016

AbstractStandard conditioning regimens for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) are often not tolerated by elderly patients, on one hand. Single high‐dose melphalan, on the other hand, has been shown to be safe and active as a pretransplant preparative regimen in elderly patients. Y90‐Ibritumomab tiuxetan (Y90‐IT) is well tolerated and feasible in the transplantation setting. We therefore investigated the combination of high‐dose melphalan and Y90‐IT as a conditioning regimen for patients ≥65 years of age.Patients with relapsed or resistant CD20‐positive lymphoma in remission after salvage chemotherapy could be enrolled. High‐dose therapy consisted of standard dose Y90‐IT (0.4‐mCi/kg body weight) followed by melphalan at escalating doses (100, 140, 170 and 200 mg/m2) and ASCT. The primary objective was to identify the maximum tolerated dose; secondary end points were complete response (CR) rate 100 days after transplantation and toxicity.Twenty patients (median age 72 years) were included. No DLT occurred at any dose level. Thirteen patients completed the treatment, 11 were evaluable for response. Seven patients did not complete treatment because of mobilization failure (n = 3), progressive disease (n = 2), worsening of cardiac function (n = 1), and grade 3 dyspnea (n = 1).Seven patients achieved a CR/complete remission/unconfirmed (CRu) and 2 had stable disease. Five out of 7 responding patients were still alive more than 3 years after transplantation. The 2 patients with SD had a long‐term survival of 3 and 5 years, respectively.Nonhematological grade 3 or higher treatment related adverse events (AEs) were infection (n = 6), including 2 cases of febrile neutropenia, diarrhea (n = 3), mucositis, anorexia, viral hepatitis, hypokalemia, dehydration, and multiorgan failure (n = 1 for each).The combination of Y90‐IT and high‐dose melphalan is feasible before ASCT for elderly patients, with promising activity and manageable toxicity.
The role of global public health strategy in non‐profit organisational change at country level: lessons from the joining of Save the Children and Merlin in Myanmar
Authors: Campbell Fiona M. , Balabanova Dina , Howard Natasha 
Published: September 2016

SummaryIntroductionThe paper presents a case study that critically assesses the role of global strategy ‘Public Health on the Frontline 2014–2015’ (‘the Strategy’) in supporting Merlin and Save the Children's organisational change and future programme of the combined organisation in Myanmar.Materials and methodsResearch was undertaken in 2014 in Myanmar. Twenty‐six individual and three group interviews were conducted with stakeholders, and 10 meetings relevant to the country organisational transition process were observed. A conceptual framework was developed to assess the role of the global strategy in supporting the country change process.ResultsSeveral positive aspects of the global strategy were found, as well as critical shortcomings in its support to the organisational change process at country level. The strategy was useful in signalling Save the Children's intention to scale up humanitarian health provision. However, it had only limited influence on the early change process and outcomes in Myanmar.ConclusionsResults highlight several aspects that would enhance the role of a global strategy at country level. Lessons can be applied by organisations undertaking a similar process. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of Surface Cover Materials for Reduction of NPS Pollution on Field‐Scale Experimental Plots
Authors: Shin Minhwan , Jang Jeongryeol , Lee Suin , Park Younshik , Lee Youngjoon , Shin Yongchul , Won Chulhee 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA 2‐year experimental plot study was conducted in Korea to measure the effect of different surface treatments on runoff and agricultural non‐point source (NPS) pollution. The treatments were straw mat conjunctive with polyacrylamide and gypsum (SPG), straw mat (SM) and plastic sheet (PM) mulches. Four plots on a sandy loam, mildly sloped (2–8.4%) soybean field were monitored with respect to runoff and water quality. Average annual rainfall was 1270 mm. Runoff reduction by the SPG and SM treatments ranged from 22.0 to 90.9% and from 50.0 to 68.1%, respectively, compared with runoff from the control. The SM treatment produced less runoff than did the PM treatment. Event mean concentrations did not show any consistent differences between the treatments except for suspended solids (SS), which were always lower than that from the control. The reduction of NPS pollution load by the SPG and SM treatments ranged between 27.6 and 95.0%, and between 38.7 and 96.7%, respectively. The SS reduction by the treatments ranged between 50.0 and 92.2%. The SPG and SM treatments were effective in the control of soil erosion, turbid runoff and other NPS pollution discharge. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PTHrP-Derived Peptides Restore Bone Mass and Strength in Diabetic Mice: Additive Effect of Mechanical Loading
Authors: Maycas Marta , McAndrews Kevin A , Sato Amy Y , Pellegrini Gretel G , Brown Drew M , Allen Matthew R , Plotkin Lilian I , Gortazar Arancha R , Esbrit Pedro , Bellido Teresita 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

There is an unmet need to understand the mechanisms underlying skeletal deterioration in diabetes mellitus (DM) and to develop therapeutic approaches to treat bone fragility in diabetic patients. We demonstrate herein that mice with type 1 DM induced by streptozotocin exhibited low bone mass, inferior mechanical and material properties, increased bone resorption, decreased bone formation, increased apoptosis of osteocytes, and increased expression of the osteocyte-derived bone formation inhibitor Sost/sclerostin. Further, short treatment of diabetic mice with parathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrP)-derived peptides corrected these changes to levels undistinguishable from non-diabetic mice. In addition, diabetic mice exhibited reduced bone formation in response to mechanical stimulation, which was corrected by treatment with the PTHrP peptides, and higher prevalence of apoptotic osteocytes, which was reduced by loading or by the PTHrP peptides alone and reversed by a combination of loading and PTHrP peptide treatment. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the PTHrP peptides or mechanical stimulation by fluid flow activated the survival kinases ERKs and induced nuclear translocation of the canonical Wnt signaling mediator β-catenin, and prevented the increase in osteocytic cell apoptosis induced by high glucose. Thus, PTHrP-derived peptides cross-talk with mechanical signaling pathways to reverse skeletal deterioration induced by DM in mice. These findings suggest a crucial role of osteocytes in the harmful effects of diabetes on bone and raise the possibility of targeting these cells as a novel approach to treat skeletal deterioration in diabetes. Moreover, our study suggests the potential therapeutic efficacy of combined pharmacological and mechanical stimuli to promote bone accrual and maintenance in diabetic subjects. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The Pharmacokinetics of Beraprost Sodium Following Single Oral Administration to Subjects With Impaired Kidney Function
Authors: Shimamura Masahiro , Miyakawa Jun , Doi Masaaki , Okada Kiyonobu , Kurumatani Hajimu , Mori Yoshitaka , Oshida Keiyu , Nakajo Ikumi , Oikawa Keishi , Ushigome Fumihiko , Miyashita Aiji , Isono Masanao , Miyamoto Yohei 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of beraprost sodium (BPS) and its active enantiomer, BPS‐314d, in Japanese subjects with impaired kidney function. The plasma and urine concentrations of BPS and BPS‐314d were measured following the single oral administration of 120 μg of BPS as the sustained‐release tablet, TRK‐100STP, under fasting conditions to 18 subjects with impaired kidney function (stage 2, 3, and 4 chronic kidney disease [CKD] as categorized by the estimated glomerular filtration rate) and to 6 age‐, body weight‐, and gender‐matched subjects with normal kidney function (stage 1 CKD). The Cmax values (mean ± SD) of BPS in stage 1, 2, 3, and 4 CKD, respectively, were 84.9 ± 22.9, 119.8 ± 36.4, 190.6 ± 137.3, and 240.2 ± 110.5 pg/mL; its AUC0‐48h were 978 ± 226, 1252 ± 427, 1862 ± 964, and 1766 ± 806 pg·h/mL, respectively, and its cumulative urinary excretion rates were 0.704 ± 0.351%, 0.638 ± 0.292%, 0.485 ± 0.294%, and 0.159 ± 0.136%. The Cmax values of BPS‐314d were 22.4 ± 6.4, 30.8 ± 8.5, 46.7 ± 30.6, and 54.4 ± 25.2 pg/mL, its AUC0‐48h were 155 ± 56, 226 ± 67, 341 ± 176, and 329 ± 143 pg·h/mL, and its cumulative urinary excretion rates were 0.428 ± 0.242%, 0.349 ± 0.179%, 0.356 ± 0.270%, and 0.096 ± 0.099%, respectively. Adverse events were reported in 2 subjects with stage 2 CKD and 1 subject with stage 4 CKD. The Cmax and AUC0‐48h of BPS and BPS‐314d were higher based on the severity of impaired kidney function. No relationship was observed between the incidence of adverse events and the severity, and tolerability was confirmed. We consider that dose adjustment is not necessary, but BPS is more carefully treated in patients with impaired kidney function.
Biobutanol recovery from model solutions using potassium pyrophosphate
Authors: Xie Shaoqu , Zhang Yulei , Yi Conghua , Qiu Xueqing 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDBiobutanol has tremendous advantages over bioethanol, from use as an industrial solvent to a superior next‐generation biofuel. In order to compete with synthetic 1‐butanol or bioethanol, biobutanol still faces the challenge of developing product recovery methods to reduce production cost over the long term. Here we describe an in situ salting‐out technique utilizing potassium pyrophosphate (K4P2O7) as dehydrating agent to form new organic phases in acetone + 1‐butanol + ethanol (ABE) model solutions.RESULTSA higher K4P2O7 content resulted in higher distribution coefficients of ABE. A change in temperature led to no appreciable change in the liquid–liquid phase equilibria. More than 90 wt% of ABE could be recovered and more than 99.75% of water remained in the bulk aqueous phase. Higher solvent level permits higher recovery of ABE. The linear correlation between the solubility of ABE and the molality of K4P2O7 was demonstrated.CONCLUSIONThe salting‐out separation technique has potential for the selective recovery of ABE from fermentation broths to reduce the energy consumption in the subsequent distillation. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Dynamic left ventricular changes in patients with gestational diabetes: A speckle tracking echocardiography study
Authors: Meera Srinidhi J. , Ando Tomo , Pu Daniel , Manjappa Shivaprasad , Taub Cynthia C. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTPurposeThe left ventricle (LV) undergoes physiologic remodeling in adaptation to the hemodynamic changes that occur in pregnancy. Speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is a novel and reliable tool to evaluate subtle myocardial alterations that have been utilized to assess myocardial changes in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) but not in patients with gestational DM (GDM). We seek to evaluate changes in LV function using STE in patients with GDM compared with women with normal pregnancy.MethodsThis was a single‐center retrospective cohort study. A total of 312 pregnant patients that underwent transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) between 2009 and 2014 were screened. After excluding patients with comorbidities or insufficient data, 90 women were included. TTE from the second and third trimester for each patient were then reviewed, and STE analysis was performed.ResultsOf the 90 subjects, 72 had normal pregnancies and 18 developed GDM. There was no difference in LV end‐diastolic diameter (4.73 ± 0.40 versus 4.60 ± 0.56, p = 0.25), LV end‐systolic diameter (3.12 ± 0.35 versus 2.91 ± 0.61, p = 0.152), or ejection fraction (62.26 ± 4.12 versus 63.50 ± 5.24, p = 0.314) between the two groups. Global longitudinal strain was lower (−19.8 ± 3.34 versus −17.2 ± 2.18, p < 0.001) in patients with GDM, while time‐to‐peak strain was greater (0.43 ± 0.05 versus 0.50 ± 0.06, p < 0.001). Circumferential and radial strains were preserved in both groups.ConclusionsAlthough conventional TTE variables show preserved LV size and function, LV longitudinal strain suggests subclinical myocardial dysfunction in patients with GDM. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45:20–27, 2017
Feasibility of ferumoxytol‐enhanced neonatal and young infant cardiac MRI without general anesthesia
Authors: Lai Lillian M. , Cheng Joseph Y. , Alley Marcus T. , Zhang Tao , Lustig Michael , Vasanawala Shreyas S. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo assess the feasibility of ferumoxytol‐enhanced anesthesia‐free cardiac MRI in neonates and young infants for complex congenital heart disease (CHD).Materials and MethodsWith Institutional Review Board approval, 21 consecutive neonates and young infants (1 day to 11 weeks old; median age of 3 days) who underwent a rapid two‐sequence (MR angiography [MRA] and four‐dimensional [4D] flow) MRI protocol with intravenous ferumoxytol without sedation (n = 17) or light sedation (n = 4) at 3 Tesla (T) (except one case at 1.5T) between June 2014 and February 2016 were retrospectively identified. Medical records were reviewed for indication, any complications, if further diagnostic imaging was performed after MRI, and surgical findings. Two radiologists scored the images in two sessions on a 5‐point scale for overall image quality and delineation of various anatomical structures. Confidence interval of proportions for likelihood of requiring additional diagnostic imaging after MRI was determined. For the possibility of reducing the protocol to a single rapid sequence, Wilcoxon‐rank sum test was used to assess whether 4D flow and MRA significantly differed in anatomical delineation.ResultsOne of 21 patients (4.8%, 80% confidence interval 0–11%) required additional imaging, a computed tomography angiography to assess lung parenchyma and peripheral pulmonary arteries. Only 1 of 13 patients (7.7%) with operative confirmation had a minor discrepancy between radiology and operative reports (80% confidence interval 0–17%). 4D flow was significantly superior to MRA (P < 0.05) for the evaluation of systemic arteries, valves, ventricular trabeculae, and overall quality. Using Cohen's kappa coefficient, there was good interobserver agreement for the evaluation of systemic arteries by 4D flow (κ = 0.782), and systemic veins and pulmonary arteries by MRA (κ > 0.6). Overall 4D flow measurements (mean κ = 0.64–0.74) had better internal agreement compared with MRA (mean κ = 0.30–0.64).ConclusionFerumoxytol‐enhanced cardiac MRI, without anesthesia, is feasible for the evaluation of complex CHD in neonates and young infants, with a low likelihood of need for additional diagnostic studies. The decreased risk by avoiding anesthesia must be balanced against the potential for adverse reactions with ferumoxytol.Level of Evidence: 2J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;45:1407–1418