bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Necroulcerative hemorrhagic gastritis in a cat secondary to the administration of 3% hydrogen peroxide as an emetic agent
Authors: Obr Teresa D. , Fry Joanna K. , Lee Justine A. , Hottinger Heidi A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a case of necroulcerative gastritis in a cat secondary to administration of 3% hydrogen peroxide as an emetic agent.Case SummaryA 10‐year‐old neutered male domestic shorthair was evaluated for hematemesis less than 24 hours following ingestion of a piece of foam. The pet owner had administered 2 doses of 0.5–1.0 tablespoons (7.5–15 mL) of 3% hydrogen peroxide in an attempt to induce emesis at home; emesis was achieved and produced the foam foreign body. Due to the presence of protracted vomiting and hematemesis, the patient was then presented to an emergency facility for further diagnostics and treatment. Initial blood work was normal on presentation, and advanced imaging of the abdomen was performed. An exploratory laparotomy revealed no foreign material in the gastrointestinal tract; however, severe ulceration of approximately 60% of the gastric mucosa was observed around the cardia and extended from the fundus down through the body of the stomach to the lesser curvature. Due to the severity of ulceration and presumed poor prognosis, the patient was euthanized intraoperatively. Histopathology of the stomach wall was consistent with severe confluent necroulcerative and hemorrhagic pleocellular gastritis, presumed to be secondary to administration of 3% hydrogen peroxide, which was used as the primary emetic agent in this case.New or Unique Information ProvidedThe oral administration of 3% hydrogen peroxide solution in cats can result in necroulcerative gastritis as a possible sequel. While hydrogen peroxide is considered a safe emetic agent in dogs, its use in cats is not recommended. As a result, the use of emetic agents in cats should be limited to veterinary administration, using alternative, safer emetic agents such as alpha‐adrenergic agonists.
Retrospective evaluation of unexpected events during collection of blood donations performed with and without sedation in cats (2010–2013)
Authors: Doolin Kerry S. , Chan Daniel L. , Adamantos Sophie , Humm Karen 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectivesDescribe unexpected events (UEs) that occurred during blood donation in cats with and without sedation.DesignRetrospective observational study (2010–2013).SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsClient‐owned healthy cats enrolled in a blood donation program.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsBlood collection for transfusion was performed 115 times from 32 cats. Seventy donation events were in unsedated cats and 45 in sedated cats. For each collection, the anticipated blood volume to be collected, actual blood volume collected, sedation protocol, and any UE in the peridonation period were recorded. There were 6 categories of UEs: movement during donation, donor anxiety, inadequate collected blood volume, jugular vessel related UEs, additional sedation requirement, and cardiorespiratory distress. Fisher's exact test was used to compare the frequency of UEs between sedated and unsedated cats. UEs were recorded in 54 of 115 collections. In the donor population, movement was reported as an UE in 0 cats that donated under sedation and 24/70 (34.3%) cats that donated without sedation (P < 0.001). Donor anxiety occurred in 2/45 (4.4%) cats that donated under sedation and 14/70 (20.0%) cats that donated unsedated (P = 0.014). Unsedated donation did not increase the likelihood of inadequate donation volume, jugular vessel related UEs, or cardiorespiratory distress. Eight of 45 (17.8%) sedated donations required additional sedation.ConclusionsMovement during donation and signs of donor anxiety were more frequent in unsedated cats. These were considered minor issues, expected in unsedated cats being gently restrained. Blood collection from unsedated feline donors is a viable alternative to sedated donation.
In Vitro
Enhancement of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection by Maternal Antibodies Does Not Explain Disease Severity in Infants
Authors: van Erp Elisabeth A. , van Kasteren Puck B. , Guichelaar Teun , Ahout Inge M. L. , de Haan Cornelis A. M. , Luytjes Willem , Ferwerda Gerben , Wicht Oliver 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of severe respiratory illness in infants. At this young age, infants typically depend on maternally transferred antibodies (matAbs) and their innate immune system for protection against infections. RSV-specific matAbs are thought to protect from severe illness, yet severe RSV disease occurs mainly below 6 months of age, when neutralizing matAb levels are present. To investigate this discrepancy, we asked if disease severity is related to antibody properties other than neutralization. Some antibody effector functions are mediated via their Fc binding region. However, it has been shown that this binding may lead to antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection or reduction of neutralization, both possibly leading to more disease. In this study, we first showed that high levels of ADE of RSV infection occur in monocytic THP-1 cells in the presence of RSV antibodies and that neutralization by these antibodies was reduced in Vero cells when they were transduced with Fc gamma receptors. We then demonstrated that antibodies from cotton rats with formalin-inactivated (FI)-RSV-induced pulmonary pathology were capable of causing ADE. Human matAbs also caused ADE and were less neutralizing
in vitro
in cells that carry Fc receptors. However, these effects were unrelated to disease severity because they were seen both in uninfected controls and in infants hospitalized with different levels of RSV disease severity. We conclude that ADE and reduction of neutralization are unlikely to be involved in RSV disease in infants with neutralizing matAbs.

IMPORTANCE
It is unclear why severity of RSV disease peaks at the age when infants have neutralizing levels of maternal antibodies. Additionally, the exact reason for FI-RSV-induced enhanced disease, as seen in the 1960s vaccine trials, is still unclear. We hypothesized that antibodies present under either of these conditions could contribute to disease severity. Antibodies can have effects that may lead to more disease instead of protection. We investigated two of those effects: antibody-dependent enhancement of infection (ADE) and neutralization reduction. We show that ADE occurs
in vitro
with antibodies from FI-RSV-immunized RSV-infected cotton rats. Moreover, passively acquired maternal antibodies from infants had the capacity to induce ADE and reduction of neutralization. However, no clear association with disease severity was seen, ruling out that these properties explain disease in the presence of maternal antibodies. Our data contribute to a better understanding of the impact of antibodies on RSV disease in infants.
Proteomic and Functional Analyses of the Virion Transmembrane Proteome of Cyprinid Herpesvirus 3
Authors: Vancsok Catherine , Peñaranda M. Michelle D. , Raj V. Stalin , Leroy Baptiste , Jazowiecka-Rakus Joanna , Boutier Maxime , Gao Yuan , Wilkie Gavin S. , Suárez Nicolás M. , Wattiez Ruddy , Gillet Laurent , Davison Andrew J. , Vanderplasschen Alain F. C. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Virion transmembrane proteins (VTPs) mediate key functions in the herpesvirus infectious cycle. Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) is the archetype of fish alloherpesviruses. The present study was devoted to CyHV-3 VTPs. Using mass spectrometry approaches, we identified 16 VTPs of the CyHV-3 FL strain. Mutagenesis experiments demonstrated that eight of these proteins are essential for viral growth
in vitro
(open reading frame 32 [ORF32], ORF59, ORF81, ORF83, ORF99, ORF106, ORF115, and ORF131), and eight are nonessential (ORF25, ORF64, ORF65, ORF108, ORF132, ORF136, ORF148, and ORF149). Among the nonessential proteins, deletion of ORF25, ORF132, ORF136, ORF148, or ORF149 affects viral replication
in vitro
, and deletion of ORF25, ORF64, ORF108, ORF132, or ORF149 impacts plaque size. Lack of ORF148 or ORF25 causes attenuation
in vivo
to a minor or major extent, respectively. The safety and efficacy of a virus lacking ORF25 were compared to those of a previously described vaccine candidate deleted for ORF56 and ORF57 (Δ56-57). Using quantitative PCR, we demonstrated that the ORF25 deleted virus infects fish through skin infection and then spreads to internal organs as reported previously for the wild-type parental virus and the Δ56-57 virus. However, compared to the parental wild-type virus, the replication of the ORF25-deleted virus was reduced in intensity and duration to levels similar to those observed for the Δ56-57 virus. Vaccination of fish with a virus lacking ORF25 was safe but had low efficacy at the doses tested. This characterization of the virion transmembrane proteome of CyHV-3 provides a firm basis for further research on alloherpesvirus VTPs.

IMPORTANCE
Virion transmembrane proteins play key roles in the biology of herpesviruses. Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) is the archetype of fish alloherpesviruses and the causative agent of major economic losses in common and koi carp worldwide. In this study of the virion transmembrane proteome of CyHV-3, the major findings were: (i) the FL strain encodes 16 virion transmembrane proteins; (ii) eight of these proteins are essential for viral growth
in vitro
; (iii) seven of the nonessential proteins affect viral growth
in vitro
, and two affect virulence
in vivo
; and (iv) a mutant lacking ORF25 is highly attenuated but induces moderate immune protection. This study represents a major breakthrough in understanding the biology of CyHV-3 and will contribute to the development of prophylactic methods. It also provides a firm basis for the further research on alloherpesvirus virion transmembrane proteins.
Mammalian Orthoreovirus Factories Modulate Stress Granule Protein Localization by Interaction with G3BP1
Authors: Choudhury Promisree , Bussiere Luke D. , Miller Cathy L. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
Mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) infection induces phosphorylation of translation initiation factor eIF2α, which promotes the formation of discrete cytoplasmic inclusions, termed stress granules (SGs). SGs are emerging as a component of the innate immune response to virus infection, and modulation of SG assembly is a common mechanism employed by viruses to counter this antiviral response. We previously showed that MRV infection induces SGs early and then interferes with SG formation as infection proceeds. In this work, we found that SG-associated proteins localized to the periphery of virus-encoded cytoplasmic structures, termed virus factories (VFs), where viral transcription, translation, and replication occur. The localization of SG proteins to VFs was dependent on polysome dissociation and occurred via association of the SG effector protein, Ras-GAP SH3-binding protein 1 (G3BP1), with the MRV nonstructural protein σNS, which localizes to VFs via association with VF nucleating protein, μNS. Deletion analysis of the σNS RNA binding domain and G3BP1 RNA (RRM) and ribosomal (RGG) binding domains showed that σNS association and VF localization phenotypes of G3BP1 do not occur solely through RNA or ribosomal binding but require both the RRM and RGG domains of G3BP1 for maximal viral-factory-like structure (VFL) localization and σNS association. Coexpression of σNS and μNS resulted in disruption of normal SG puncta, and in cells lacking G3BP1, MRV replication was enhanced in a manner correlating with strain-dependent induction of host translation shutoff. These results suggest that σNS association with G3BP1 and relocalization of G3BP1 to the VF periphery play roles in SG disruption to facilitate MRV replication in the host translational shutoff environment.

IMPORTANCE
SGs and SG effector proteins have emerged as important, yet poorly understood, players in the host's innate immune response to virus infection. MRV infection induces SGs early during infection that are dispersed and/or prevented from forming during late stages of infection despite continued activation of the eIF2α signaling pathway. Cellular and viral components involved in disruption of SGs during late stages of MRV infection remain to be elucidated. This work provides evidence that MRV disruption of SGs may be facilitated by association of the MRV nonstructural protein σNS with the major SG effector protein G3BP1 and subsequent localization of G3BP1 and other SG-associated proteins around the peripheries of virus-encoded factories, interrupting the normal formation of SGs. Our findings also reveal the importance of G3BP1 as an inhibitor of MRV replication during infection for the first time.
Obstructive sleep apnea in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: perspectives from a quality improvement initiative in a university-based diabetes center
Authors: Ioja Simona , Chasens Eileen R , Ng Jason , Strollo Patrick J , Korytkowski Mary T 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and diabetes are frequent comorbid conditions. Screening for OSA in patients with diabetes is recommended but the frequency with which this is done in clinical practice is unknown. The objectives of this quality improvement initiative were to identify clinician and patient perceptions regarding OSA and to identify the prevalence of patients at high risk for OSA (HROSA).MethodsA quality improvement initiative was conducted to query clinicians and patients attending a specialty diabetes clinic regarding attitudes and beliefs related to OSA. The Berlin Questionnaire was embedded in patient questionnaires to identify patients as low risk for OSA (LROSA) or HROSA.Results35 clinicians completed questionnaires with >80% agreement that OSA contributed to blood pressure (BP), glycemic control, and diabetes complications and that screening is a shared responsibility with other physicians; but only 17% indicated regular screening due predominantly to insufficient time. Of 107 patients (26 type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and 81 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)), 30% were aware that OSA could affect diabetes outcomes. The prevalence of known OSA, LROSA, and HROSA was similar in T1DM (15%, 50%, 35%) and T2DM (36%, 33%, 31%, respectively) (p=0.21). 59% of all HROSA patients indicated that OSA screening had never been discussed with them.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that providers, but not patients, are knowledgeable about the importance of OSA screening, but insufficient time is a major barrier to wider screening. Approximately, 30% of patients with T1DM and T2DM were identified as HROSA supporting the need for procedures that improve detection and treatment.
Making the experience of elective surgery better
Authors: Fregene Tajinere , Wintle Sarah , Venkat Raman Vishal , Edmond Holly , Rizvi Shoaib 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivePatient experience is one of the three pillars of quality in healthcare; improving it must be a key aim if we are to make the overall quality of the healthcare we provide better.MethodsWe devised a quality improvement project to improve the patient experience of elective surgery. We conducted surveys of patients and assessed their experience by using semistructured interviews and patient questionnaires. We gathered data about their overall satisfaction, fasting times and their communication with staff. We used this information to inform strategies aimed at improving patient experience.ResultsOur initial results showed that patients who had their operations later in the day were significantly less likely to report a positive experience. We found the main reasons for this were long waiting times, poor communication and prolonged fasting. We implemented changes over ‘Plan, Do, Study, Act’ cycles, including (1) staggering patient arrival times, (2) introducing the concept of the 'Golden Patient', (3) having a single point of contact on the day surgery unit to communicate between theatre staff and patients, (4) using the WHO checklist to finalise list order, and (5) altering patient information letters to include the possibility of a wait on the day of surgery.ConclusionThis project increased the percentage of patients reporting an ‘Excellent’ or ‘Good’ experience from 65% to 96%. In addition to improving our patients' experience, our project has also delivered shorter waiting times, better dissemination of information and fewer patients reporting hunger or thirst.
Phenotypic evaluations ofHBB:c.93-23T>C, a nucleotide substitution in the IVS I nt 108 of β-globin gene
Authors: Vinciguerra Margherita , Cassarà Filippo , Cannata Monica , Renda Disma , Calvaruso Giuseppina , Leto Filippo , Passarello Cristina , Maggio Aurelio , Giambona Antonino 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThalassaemia and variant haemoglobin are the most common severe monogenic disorders worldwide.AimsTo develop prenatal diagnosis programmes for the prevention of the most important haemoglobin disorders and identify healthy carriers of thalassaemia.MethodsSequencing analysis was used to obtain complete data on gene structure and to correlate specific phenotypic expression with mutations, especially for new or very rare mutations in globin genes.ResultsA rare single nucleotide variation,HBB:c.93–23T>C, located in nucleotide 108 of the first intervening sequence of theHBBgene, was identified. This variation was previously reported but its clinical significance was not known. Six heterozygous patients had this nucleotide variation and eight further cases co-inherited it together with other defects in the globin genes. Heterozygous subjects for this substitution showed normal haematological and electrophoretic features, whereas subjects who were compound heterozygotes for this mutation and another defect in globin genes showed the classic phenotype of a healthy carrier.ConclusionThis nucleotide can be considered a single nucleotide polymorphism and not a thalassaemic mutation that reduces the production of haemoglobin. This is another example of a very rare nucleotide variation. Knowledge of this is important so that appropriate genetic counselling can be carried out of a couple potentially at risk, where one of the partners is a carrier of β-thalassaemia and the other is carrier of a nucleotide variation.
Heterogeneous clinical spectrum of DNAJC12-deficient hyperphenylalaninemia: from attention deficit to severe dystonia and intellectual disability
Authors: van Spronsen Francjan J , Himmelreich Nastassja , Rüfenacht Véronique , Shen Nan , Vliet Danique van , Al-Owain Mohammed , Ramzan Khushnooda , Alkhalifi Salwa M , Lunsing Roelineke J , Heiner-Fokkema Rebecca M , Rassi Anahita , Gemperle-Britschgi Corinne , Hoffmann Georg F , Blau Nenad , Thöny Beat 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundAutosomal recessive mutations in DNAJC12, encoding a cochaperone of HSP70 with hitherto unknown function, were recently described to lead to hyperphenylalaninemia, central monoamine neurotransmitter (dopamine and serotonin) deficiency, dystonia and intellectual disability in six subjects affected by homozygous variants.ObjectivePatients exhibiting hyperphenylalaninemia in whom deficiencies in hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase and tetrahydrobiopterin cofactor metabolism had been excluded were subsequently analysed for DNAJC12 variants.MethodsTo analyse DNAJC12, genomic DNA from peripheral blood (Sanger sequencing), as well as quantitative messenger RNA (Real Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR)) and protein expression (Western blot) from primary skin fibroblasts were performed.ResultsWe describe five additional patients from three unrelated families with homozygosity/compound heterozygosity in DNAJC12 with three novel variants: c.85delC/p.Gln29Lysfs*38, c.596G>T/p.*199Leuext*42 and c.214C>T/p.(Arg72*). In contrast to previously reported DNAJC12-deficient patients, all five cases showed a very mild neurological phenotype. In two subjects, cerebrospinal fluid and primary skin fibroblasts were analysed showing similarly low 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid and homovanillic acid concentrations but more reduced expressions of mRNA and DNAJC12 compared with previously described patients. All patients responded to tetrahydrobiopterin challenge by lowering blood phenylalanine levels.ConclusionsDNAJC12 deficiency appears to result in a more heterogeneous neurological phenotype than originally described. While early identification and institution of treatment with tetrahydrobiopterin and neurotransmitter precursors is crucial to ensure optimal neurological outcome in DNAJC12-deficient patients with a severe phenotype, optimal treatment for patients with a milder phenotype remains to be defined.
Does price labelling result in sustained cost awareness?
Authors: Banerjee Tanya Sreeta , Chambers Naomi 
Published: August 2017

IntroductionPressures on the National Health Service require improvement in quality of care on a reducing budget. Acute trusts spend £6 billion on procurement, an area highlighted in the Carter Report with the potential for up to £2 billion in efficiency savings. Meanwhile, cost awareness of products among clinicians is poor.Case studyA survey of 20 ENT (ear, nose and throat) theatre doctors and nurses was carried out in a North West district general hospital to gauge the level of cost awareness in 2011. This was followed by a 2-month period of price labelling of selected products. A follow-up survey in 2017 looked at any sustained effect of awareness.ResultsWhile individual product prices were not recalled, awareness of price differences and specific expensive items was sustained in 75% of respondents, with influence on product choice also dependent on evidence base and clinical outcome. The remaining 25% included new staff employed post initial survey in 2011.ConclusionA combination of price labelling with education and a clinical evidence base has potential for efficiency savings. Clinicians willingly participate in product selection when shown that change will lower cost and leave patient outcome unaffected or improved.
The impact of passive and active smoking on inflammation, lipid profile and the risk of myocardial infarction
Authors: Attard Ritienne , Dingli Philip , Doggen Carine J M , Cassar Karen , Farrugia Rosienne , Wettinger Stephanie Bezzina 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of passive smoking, active smoking and smoking cessation on inflammation, lipid profile and the risk of myocardial infarction (MI).MethodsA total of 423 cases with a first MI and 465 population controls from the Maltese Acute Myocardial Infarction (MAMI) Study were analysed. Data were collected through an interviewer-led questionnaire, and morning fasting blood samples were obtained. ORs adjusted for the conventional risk factors of MI (aORs) were calculated as an estimate of the relative risk of MI. The influence of smoking on biochemical parameters was determined among controls.ResultsCurrent smokers had a 2.7-fold (95% CI 1.7 to 4.2) and ex-smokers a 1.6-fold (95% CI 1.0 to 2.4) increased risk of MI. Risk increased with increasing pack-years and was accompanied by an increase in high-sensitivity C reactive protein levels and an abnormal lipid profile. Smoking cessation was associated with lower triglyceride levels. Exposure to passive smoking increased the risk of MI (aOR 3.2 (95% CI 1.7 to 6.3)), with the OR being higher for individuals exposed to passive smoking in a home rather than in a public setting (aOR 2.0 (95% CI 0.7 to 5.6) vs aOR 1.2 (95% CI 0.7 to 2.0)). Passive smoke exposure was associated with higher levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and total cholesterol:high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio compared with individuals not exposed to passive smoking.ConclusionsBoth active and passive smoking are strong risk factors for MI. This risk increased with increasing pack-years and decreased with smoking cessation. Such effects may be partly mediated through the influence of smoking on inflammation and lipid metabolism.