bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catholic Missionaries in Colonial Algeria
Authors: Francis Kyle 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This article examines the changing role played by Catholic missionaries in the French colonial government's attempt between 1848 and 1883 to mold a cohesive community out of a heterogeneous group of European settlers in Algeria. It argues that this effort constituted an alternative civilizing mission in which the aim was not to assimilate indigenous subjects but to create meaningful difference between North Africans and Europeans where this difference was not yet sufficiently clear. Between 1848 and 1870 military leaders used female missionaries in particular to cater to the religious needs of migrant Spanish, Italian, and Maltese settlers. After 1870, however, newly empowered civilian officials increasingly abandoned the use of Catholic missionaries and worked to assimilate foreign settlers to their own secular ideal of a universal, republican France. Throughout this period military and civilian officials alike framed governing the settlers as crucial to the larger goal of governing colonized Algerians.
Cet article porte sur le rôle en constante évolution des missionnaires catholiques dans l'effort mené par le gouvernement colonial français entre 1848 et 1883 de créer une communauté homogène de colons français à partir d'un groupe hétérogène d'Européens. Il affirme que cet effort constituait une mission civilisatrice alternative dont le but n'était pas d'assimiler des sujets indigènes, mais de créer une distinction claire entre indigènes et européens lorsque cette distinction n'existait pas encore. Entre 1848 et 1870, les officiers militaires employaient des femmes missionnaires pour répondre aux besoins religieux des immigrés espagnols, italiens, et maltais. Après 1870, par contre, le régime civil abandonnait de plus en plus l'emploi des missionnaires catholiques pour mener une politique d'assimilation des colons étrangers aux valeurs laïques d'une France universelle et républicaine. Tout au long de cette période, les officiers militaires et civils comprenaient le besoin de gouverner les colons comme un élément essentiel de la mise en place d'une politique pour gouverner les colonisés algériens.
Transient fusion ensures granule replenishment to enable repeated release after IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation
Authors: Balseiro-Gomez Santiago , Flores Juan A. , Acosta Jorge , Ramirez-Ponce M. Pilar , Ales Eva 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
To ensure normal immune function, mast cells employ different pathways to release mediators. Here, we report a thus far unknown capacity of mast cells to recycle and reuse secretory granules after an antigen-evoked degranulation process under physiological conditions; this phenomenon involves the existence of a recycling secretory granule pool that is available for release in a short time scale. Rapid endocytic modes contributed to the recycling of ∼60% of the total secretory granule population, which involved kiss-and-run and cavicapture mechanisms, causing retention of the intragranular matrix. We found the presence of normal-size granules and giant actomyosin- and dynamin-dependent granules, which were characterized by large quantal content. These large structures allowed the recovered mast cells to release a large amount of 5-HT, compensating for the decrease in the number of exocytosed secretory granules. This work uncovers a new physiological role of the exo–endocytosis cycle in the immunological plasticity of mast cells and reveals a new property of their biological secretion.
Instrumented gait assessment with a single wearable: an introductory tutorial
Authors: Del Din Silvia , Hickey Aodhán , Ladha Cassim , Stuart Sam , Bourke Alan K. , Esser Patrick , Rochester Lynn , Godfrey Alan 
Published: September 2016

Background: Gait is a powerful tool to identify ageing and track disease progression. Yet, its high resolution measurement via traditional instruments remains restricted to the laboratory or bespoke clinical facilities. The potential for that to change is due to the advances in wearables where the synergy between devices and smart algorithms has provided the potential of ‘a gait lab on a chip’.Methods: Commercially available wearables for gait quantification remain expensive and are restricted to a limited number of characteristics unsuitable for a comprehensive assessment required within intervention or epidemiological studies. However, the increasing demand for low-cost diagnostics has fuelled the shift in how health-related resources are distributed. As such we adopt open platform technology and validated research methodologies to harmonise engineering solutions to satisfy current epidemiological needs.Results: We provide an introduction to conduct a routine instrumented gait assessment with a discrete, low-cost, accelerometer-based wearable. We show that the capture and interpretation of raw gait signals with a common scripting language can be straightforward and suitable for use within modern studies. We highlight the best approaches and hope that this will help compliment any analytical tool-kit as part of future cohort assessments.Conclusions: Deployment of wearables can allow accurate gait assessment in accordance with advocated methods of data collection as there is a strong demand for sensitive outcomes derived from pragmatic tools. This tutorial shows that instrumentation of gait using a single open source wearable is pragmatic due to low-cost and translational analytical methods to derive sensitive outcomes.
Livonian in recent years
Authors: Ernštreits Valts 
Published: September 2016

This article discusses developments affecting Livonian during the last decade. It describes actions to promote Livonian during this period, for example, the International Year of Livonian Language and Culture and also discusses the status of Livonian in Latvia, the social setting for its use, and the ways in which it is used in everyday life. This article offers insight into the difficulties associated with Livonian language acquisition and language development as well as a description of Livonian language pedagogical materials and other resources, which have been recently developed or are in the process of being developed. Likewise, methods and opportunities for further developing Livonian and improving its current situation are examined in the context of potential solutions as well as already existing initiatives.Kokkuvõte. Valts Ernštreits: Liivi keel uusimal ajal. Artiklis on vaadeldud liivi keele arengut viimase aastakümne jooksul. Sellesse on koondatud andmeid sel ajal aset leidnud liivi keele populariseerimisega seotud ürituste, näiteks rahvusvahelise liivi keele ja kultuuri aasta kohta, samuti teavet liivi keele staatusest Lätis, keelekeskkonnast ja argipäevasest kasutusest. Artikkel heidab pilgu liivi keele omandamise ja keelekorraldusega seotud probleemidele ning viimasel ajal valminud või praegu loodavatele õppevahenditele ja liivi keele ressurssidele. Samuti on artiklis nii potentsiaalsete lahenduste kui ka olemasolevate algatuste kontekstis vaadeldud viise ja võimalusi edasiseks liivi keele arendamiseks ja keele olukorra parandamiseks.Märksõnad: liivi keel, keelepoliitika, keelekorraldus, keelekorpus, sotsiolingvistika, keeleressursid, grammatika, keele õpetamineKubbõvõttõks. Valts Ernštreits: Līvõ kēļ amāūžimõl āigal. Kēra vaņțlõb līvõ kīel kazāndimizt perīz āigastkim āigal. Sīezõ ātõ kubbõ võttõd tīetõd līvõ kīel tundtõbõks tīemizõks sidtõd jeddõvõtāmiztõst, nägțõbõks iļ rovdvailiz līvõ kīel ja kultūr āigast, nei īž tieutõ iļ līvõ kīel statūs Lețmǭl, kīel immõrkouțšt ja jegāpäuvizõst kȭlbatimizõst. Kēra ētab pilk līvõ kīel ummistõmiz ja kīel kõrdõlpanmiz problēmõd pǟl, perīz āigal vaļmõks sǭdõd agā paldīn lūodõbõd optõbvaindõkst ja līvõ kīel resursõd pǟl. Neiīž ātõ võibizt arāndõkst ja paldīņizt tikkimizt kontekstõs vaņțõltõd līvõ kīel kazāntimiz ja vȯlmiz parāntimiz vītõd ja võimizt.
Accession of Tumor Heterogeneity by Multiplex Transcriptome Profiling of Single Circulating Tumor Cells
Authors: Gorges Tobias M , Kuske Andra , Röck Katharina , Mauermann Oliver , Müller Volkmar , Peine Sven , Verpoort Karl , Novosadova Vendula , Kubista Mikael , Riethdorf Sabine , Pantel Klaus 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Transcriptome analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) holds great promise to unravel the biology of cancer cell dissemination and identify expressed genes and signaling pathways relevant to therapeutic interventions.

METHODS
CTCs were enriched based on their EpCAM expression (CellSearch®) or by size and deformability (ParsortixTM), identified by EpCAM and/or pan-keratin–specific antibodies, and isolated for single cell multiplex RNA profiling.

RESULTS
Distinct breast and prostate CTC expression signatures could be discriminated from RNA profiles of leukocytes. Some CTCs positive for epithelial transcripts (EpCAM and KRT19) also coexpressed leukocyte/mesenchymal associated markers (PTPRC and VIM). Additional subsets of CTCs within individual patients were characterized by divergent expression of genes involved in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (e.g., CDH2, MMPs, VIM, or ZEB1 and 2), DNA repair (RAD51), resistance to cancer therapy (e.g., AR, AR-V7, ERBB2, EGFR), cancer stemness (e.g., CD24 and CD44), activated signaling pathways involved in tumor progression (e.g., PIK3CA and MTOR) or cross talks between tumors and immune cells (e.g., CCL4, CXCL2, CXCL9, IL15, IL1B, or IL8).

CONCLUSIONS
Multimarker RNA profiling of single CTCs reveals distinct CTC subsets and provides important insights into gene regulatory networks relevant for cancer progression and therapy.
OCR bei Inkunabeln – Offizinspezifischer Ansatz der Universitätsbibliothek Würzburg
Authors: Kirchner Felix , Dittrich Marco , Beckenbauer Phillip , Nöth Maximilian 
Published: September 2016

Zusammenfassung:
Im Rahmen des BMBF-geförderten Projekts KALLIMACHOS an der Universität Würzburg soll unter anderem die Textgrundlage für digitale Editionen per OCR gewonnen werden. Das Bearbeitungskorpus besteht aus deutschen, französischen und lateinischen Inkunabeln. Dieser Artikel zeigt, wie man mit bereits heute existierenden Methoden und Programmen den Problemen bei der OCR von Inkunabeln entgegentreten kann. Hierzu wurde an der Universitätsbibliothek Würzburg ein Verfahren erprobt, mit dem auf ausgewählten Werken einer Druckerwerkstatt bereits Zeichengenauigkeiten von bis zu 95 Prozent und Wortgenauigkeiten von bis zu 73 Prozent erzielt werden.
Identifying an efficient bacterial species and its genetic erosion for arsenic bioremediation of gold mining soil
Authors: Neeratanaphan Lamyai , Tanee Tawatchai , Tanomtong Alongklod , Tengjaroenkul Bundit 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
To improve bioremediation of arsenic (As) contamination in soil, the use of microorganisms to efficiently reduce As and their assessment of genetic erosion by DNA damage using genomic template stability (GTS) evaluation and using RAPD markers were investigated. The five sites examined for microorganisms and contaminated soils were collected from affected gold mining areas. The highest As concentration in gold mining soil is 0.72 mg/kg. Microorganism strains isolated from the gold mining soil samples were tested for As removal capacity. Two bacterial isolates were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and morphological characteristics as Brevibacillus reuszeri and Rhodococcus sp. The ability to treat As in nutrient agar (NA) at 1,600 mg/L and contaminated soil samples at 0.72 mg/kg was measured at 168 h, revealing more efficient As removal by B. reuszeri than Rhodococcus sp. (96.67% and 94.17%, respectively). Both species have the capacity to remove As, but B. reuszeri shows improved growth compared to the Rhodococcus sp. B. reuszeri might be suitable for adaptation and use in As treatment. The results are in agreement with their genetic erosion values, with B. reuszeri showing very little genetic erosion (12.46%) of culture in As concentrations as high as 1,600 mg/L, whereas 82.54% genetic erosion occurred in the Rhodococcus sp., suggesting that Rhodococcus sp. would not survive at this level of genetic erosion. Therefore, B. reuszeri has a high efficiency and can be used for soil As treatment, as it is capable to tolerate a concentration of 0.72 mg/kg and as high as 1,600 mg/L in NA.
CPS-based fault-tolerance method for smart factories
Authors: Kang Sungjoo , Jeon Jaeho , Kim Hyeon-Soo , Chun Ingeol 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a fault tolerance method in smart factories which features a simulation-based framework and
a fault management application, FORTUNA (Fault-tOleRanT and aUtomated decisioN making Application). The simulation-based
framework is characterized by a Virtual Factory (VF) which plays an integrator role in CPS architecture for the smart
factory. The VF provides two key functionalities, (1) a simulation of CPS models represented by ECML (ETRI CPS Modeling
Language), and (2) a state estimation based on massive CPS data. By deploying Kalman filter, a predictor-corrector type
estimator, FORTUNA not only detects faults through the realtime observation of CPS data but also predicts potential
failures by the simulation. It is demonstrated that the method can work effectively in industrial systems with real
dataset.
A common core for information modeling in the Industrial Internet of Things
Authors: Pfrommer Julius , Grüner Sten , Goldschmidt Thomas , Schulz Dirk 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) faces a fragmentation of interfaces along information modeling formats,
communication protocols and service interfaces. This increasingly hinders interoperability and changeability in the
IIoT. To overcome this challenge, we propose a technology-independent common core for information modeling in the IIoT. It
consists of a minimal type system for literal data values, an addressing and identification scheme based on Uniform
Resource Identifiers (URI), the use of both key-value associations and relational references to combine resource-oriented
and semantic information modeling, and a set of core relational predicates for object-oriented information
modeling. Exemplary mappings of popular IIoT information modeling formats are provided to demonstrate the generality and
representational power of the proposed common core.
A Black-Box method for parametric model order reduction based on matrix interpolation with application to simulation and control
Authors: Geuß Matthias 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This thesis deals with model order reduction of parameter-dependent systems based on interpolation of locally reduced
system matrices. A Black-Box method is proposed that automatically determines the optimal design parameters and delivers
a reduced system with desired accuracy. In addition, the method is extended to stability preservation and interpolation
for high-dimensional parameter spaces.
A Nonconforming Finite Element Approximation for Optimal Control of an Obstacle Problem
Authors: Dond Asha K. , Gudi Thirupathi , Nataraj Neela 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The article deals with the analysis of a nonconforming finite element method for the discretization of optimization problems governed by variational inequalities. The state and adjoint variables are
discretized using Crouzeix–Raviart nonconforming finite elements, and the control is discretized
using a variational discretization approach. Error estimates have been established for the state and control variables. The results of numerical experiments are presented.
Use of Several Natural Products from Selected Nicotiana Species to Prevent Black Shank Disease in Tobacco
Authors: Kroumova Antoaneta B. , Artiouchine Ivan , Wagner George J. 
Published: September 2016

SUMMARY
Black shank is a major annual disease threat to all types of tobacco worldwide. It is caused by the fungus Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae (PPN). The major tobacco growing areas in US - Kentucky, Tennessee and North Carolina can experience devastating losses, reaching in some fields up to 100%. Thus far, the main approaches to control this disease have been creation of resistant varieties, fungicide treatments, and crop rotation. Some fungicides are reported to have negative effects on the environment. The goal of this work was to test the antifungal activity of several natural products that are synthesized by certain Nicotiana species, and secreted to the leaf surface. We hypothesized that phylloplanin, cis-abienol, labdenediol and sclareol can suppress PPN-race 0- and PPN-race 1-caused disease in Burley tobaccos KY 14 and MS KY 14 × L8LC in the greenhouse. We developed methods for leaf surface extraction, spore preparation and soil drench application of the natural compounds tested. Experiments were performed on 5–8 week-old greenhouse grown seedlings. cis-Abienol showed high inhibitory properties toward the disease. Race 0 infection was completely subdued in KY 14 while race 1 infection was reduced by 70–80%, and delayed by 6–10 days in KY 14 and MS KY14 × L8LC. Sclareol was very effective in inhibiting race 0-caused disease in both tobacco cultivars. In MS KY 14 × L8LC race 1 infection was inhibited while in KY 14 it was reduced by 85% and delayed by 6 days. Labdenediol reduced the disease by half in eight week-old KY 14 plants. Tobacco phylloplanin reduced plant infection by both races by 50–60% and delayed the disease by 6–10 days. Phylloplanin was least suppressive in both tobacco cultivars. We consider sclareol to be the best candidate for future studies due to its antifungal properties and availability. cis-Abienol, despite its good antifungal activity, is not feasible for large-scale use due to the production and stability limitations.
Using Key “Blue Ocean” Tools for Strategy Rethinking of a SME: A Case from the Bulgarian Knitwear Industry
Authors: Papazov Emil , Mihaylova Lyudmila 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The purpose of the article is to explore opportunities for rethinking the strategy of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) using the “Blue Ocean” concept and its inherent value innovation paradigm as an alternative to the traditional competitive strategy rationale. The paper also highlights important aspects of analytical tools of a relatively less known practice for Bulgaria, such as the “Strategy Canvas”, the “Four Actions Framework”, the “Eliminate-Reduce-Raise-Create Grid” and the “Six Paths Framework”, and shows how to apply them when analysing and creating a new and uncontested market space. Special attention is paid to the possibilities concerning the practical use of the described tools in a leading SME from the Bulgarian knitwear industry.
On the smallest simultaneous power nonresidue modulo a prime
Authors: Ford Kevin , Garaev Moubariz Z. , Konyagin Sergei V. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Let p be a prime and let

p
1

,
…
,

p
r

${p_{1},\ldots,p_{r}}$

be distinct prime divisors of

p
-
1

${p-1}$

. We prove that the smallest positive integer n which is a
simultaneous

p
1

,
…
,

p
r

${p_{1},\ldots,p_{r}}$

-power nonresidue modulo p satisfies

n
<

p

1
/
4

-

c
r

+

o
⁢

(
1
)

(
p
→
∞
)

$n<p^{1/4-c_{r}+o(1)}\quad(p\to\infty)$

for some positive

c
r

${c_{r}}$

satisfying

c
r

=

e

-

(

1
+

o
⁢

(
1
)

)

⁢
r

${c_{r}=e^{-(1+o(1))r}}$

as

r
→
∞

${r\to\infty}$

.
Topological 2-generation of automorphism groups of countable ultrahomogeneous graphs
Authors: Jonušas Julius , Mitchell James 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
A countable graph is ultrahomogeneous if every isomorphism between
finite induced subgraphs can be extended to an automorphism. Woodrow and
Lachlan showed that there are essentially four types of such countably
infinite graphs: the random graph, infinite disjoint unions of complete
graphs

K
n

{K_{n}}

with

n
∈
ℕ

{n\in\mathbb{N}}

vertices, the

K
n

{K_{n}}

-free graphs, finite unions of the
infinite complete graph

K
ω

{K_{\omega}}

, and duals of such graphs. The groups

Aut
⁡

(
Γ
)

{\operatorname{Aut}(\Gamma)}

of automorphisms of such graphs Γ have a natural
topology, which is compatible with multiplication and inversion, i.e. the
groups

Aut
⁡

(
Γ
)

{\operatorname{Aut}(\Gamma)}

are topological groups. We consider the problem of
finding minimally generated dense subgroups of the groups

Aut
⁡

(
Γ
)

{\operatorname{Aut}(\Gamma)}

where Γ is ultrahomogeneous. We show that if Γ is
ultrahomogeneous, then

Aut
⁡

(
Γ
)

{\operatorname{Aut}(\Gamma)}

has 2-generated dense subgroups, and
that under certain conditions given

f
∈

Aut
⁡

(
Γ
)

{f\in\operatorname{Aut}(\Gamma)}

there exists

g
∈

Aut
⁡

(
Γ
)

{g\in\operatorname{Aut}(\Gamma)}

such that the subgroup generated by f and g is dense. We
also show that, roughly speaking, g can be chosen with a high degree of
freedom. For example, if Γ is either an infinite disjoint union of

K
n

{K_{n}}

or a finite union of

K
ω

{K_{\omega}}

, then g can be chosen to have any
given finite set of orbit representatives.
Stratigraphy, plankton communities, and magnetic proxies at the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary in the Pieniny Klippen Belt (Western Carpathians, Slovakia)
Authors: Michalík Jozef , Reháková Daniela , Grabowski Jacek , Lintnerová Otília , Svobodová Andrea , Schlögl Ján , Sobień Katarzyna , Schnabl Petr 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
A well preserved Upper Tithonian–Lower Berriasian Strapkova sequence of hemipelagic limestones improves our understanding of environmental changes occurring at the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary in the Western Carpathians. Three dinoflagellate and four calpionellid zones have been recognized in the section. The onset of the Alpina Subzone of the standard Calpionella Zone, used as a marker of the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary is defined by morphological change of Calpionella alpina tests. Calpionellids and calcified radiolarians numerically dominate in microplankton assemblages. The first occurrence of Nannoconus wintereri indicates the beginning of the nannofossil zone NJT 17b Subzone. The FO of Nannoconus steinmannii minor was documented in the lowermost part of the Alpina Subzone. This co-occurrence of calpionellid and nannoplankton events along the J/K boundary transition is typical of other Tethyan sections. Correlation of calcareous microplankton, of stable isotopes (C, O), and TOC/CaCO3 data distribution was used in the characterization of the J/K boundary interval. δ13C values (from +1.09 to 1.44 ‰ VPDB) do not show any temporal trends and thus show a relatively balanced carbon-cycle regime in sea water across the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary. The presence of radiolarian laminites, interpreted as contourites, and relatively high levels of bioturbation in the Berriasian prove oxygenation events of bottom waters. The lower part of the Crassicolaria Zone (up to the middle part of the Intermedia Subzone) correlates with the M19r magnetozone. The M19n magnetozone includes not only the upper part of the Crassicollaria Zone and lower part of the Alpina Subzone but also the FO of Nannoconus wintereri and Nannoconus steinmannii minor. The reverse Brodno magnetosubzone (M19n1r) was identified in the uppermost part of M19n. The top of M18r and M18n magnetozones are located in the upper part of the Alpina Subzone and in the middle part of the Ferasini Subzone, respectively. The Ferasini/Elliptica subzonal boundary is located in the lowermost part of the M17r magnetozone. A little bit higher in the M17r magnetozone the FO of Nannoconus steinmannii steinmannii was identified.