bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for osteoporosis in male patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Chu-Hsu , Chen Kai-Hua , Chen Chien-Min , Chang Chia-Hao , Huang Tung-Jung , Lin Chia-Hung 
Published: January 2018

Objective
To investigate the risk factors for osteoporosis in male Taiwanese patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods
This cross-sectional study evaluated male COPD outpatients and age-matched male subjects at a regional teaching hospital. The following data were obtained and analyzed: bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and hip on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, demographic characteristics, questionnaire interview results, pulmonary function test results, chest posterior–anterior radiographic findings, and biochemical and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels.

Results
Fifty-nine male COPD patients and 36 age-matched male subjects were enrolled. COPD patients had lower body mass index (BMI) (23.6 ± 4.1 vs. 25.2 ± 3.0 kg/m2) and higher total prevalence for osteoporosis and osteopenia than controls. Among COPD patients, patients with osteoporosis had lower BMI, body weight, waist circumference, and triglyceride level but higher hs-CRP level, and tended to have lower creatinine level. Binary logistic regression analysis for factors including age, BMI, creatinine, hs-CRP, smoking, steroid use, and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) revealed that an hs-CRP level ≥5 and decreased creatinine level were independent risk factors for osteoporosis in COPD patients. Lower BMI tended to be associated with osteoporosis development, although it did not reach statistical significance, and hs-CRP was associated with COPD severity and steroid use history.

Conclusion
The total prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in male Taiwanese COPD patients is higher than that in age-matched male subjects and systemic inflammation is an independent risk factors for osteoporosis. Low creatinine level in COPD patients should raise the suspicion of sarcopenia and associated increased risk of osteoporosis.
Effects of the visual-feedback-based force platform training with functional electric stimulation on the balance and prevention of falls in older adults: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Li Zhen , Wang Xiu-Xia , Liang Yan-Yi , Chen Shu-Yan , Sheng Jing , Ma Shao-Jun 
Published: January 2018

Background
Force platform training with functional electric stimulation aimed at improving balance may be effective in fall prevention for older adults. Aim of the study is to evaluate the effects of the visual-feedback-based force platform balance training with functional electric stimulation on balance and fall prevention in older adults.

Methods
A single-centre, unblinded, randomized controlled trial was conducted. One hundred and twenty older adults were randomly allocated to two groups: the control group (n = 60, one-leg standing balance exercise, 12 min/d) or the intervention group (n = 60, force platform training with functional electric stimulation, 12 min/d). The training was provided 15 days a month for 3 months by physical therapists. Medial–lateral and anterior–posterior maximal range of sway with eyes open and closed, the Berg Balance Scale, the Barthel Index, the Falls Efficacy scale-International were assessed at baseline and after the 3-month intervention. A fall diary was kept by each participant during the 6-month follow-up.

Results
On comparing the two groups, the intervention group showed significantly decreased (p < 0.01) medial–lateral and anterior–posterior maximal range of sway with eyes open and closed. There was significantly higher improvement in the Berg Balance Scale (p < 0.05), the Barthel Index (p < 0.05) and the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (p < 0.05), along with significantly lesser number of injurious fallers (p < 0.05), number of fallers (p < 0.05), and fall rates (p < 0.05) during the 6-month follow-up in the intervention group.

Conclusion
This study showed that the visual feedback-based force platform training with functional electric stimulation improved balance and prevented falls in older adults.
Habitat use in south-west European skinks (genusChalcides)
Authors: Escoriza Daniel , Pascual Guillem , Sánchez-Vialas Alberto 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundCongeneric species of reptiles frequently exhibit partitioning in terms of their use of habitats or trophic resources in order to reduce competition. In this study, we investigated habitat use by two species of European skinks:Chalcides bedriagaiandChalcides striatus, based on 49 records from southern France, Spain, and Portugal.MethodsWe measured three levels of niche descriptors: macroscale (climate, topography, and substrate), mesoscale (plant associations), and microscale (vegetation cover and shelters). We assessed the associations between these environmental descriptors and the occurrence of the skinks.ResultsOur results showed that the two species occupied opposite extremes of the ecological gradient i.e.,C. bedriagaiin semi-arid environments andC. striatusin temperate-oceanic environments, but there was broad ecological overlap in transitional climates at all of the habitat scales examined. This overlap was demonstrated by the presence of syntopy in geographically distant sites with different environmental characteristics.DiscussionThe morphological differences between the two species, and possibly their different use of microhabitats, might favor this mesoscale overlap between congeneric species, which is relatively unusual in Mediterranean lizards.
Mechanical Strain‐Tunable Microwave Magnetism in Flexible CuFe2O4 Epitaxial Thin Film for Wearable Sensors
Authors: Liu Wenlong , Liu Ming , Ma Rong , Zhang Ruyi , Zhang Wenqing , Yu Dapeng , Wang Qing , Wang Jiannong , Wang Hong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPurely mechanical strain‐tunable microwave magnetism device with lightweight, flexible, and wearable is crucial for passive sensing systems and spintronic devices (noncontact), such as flexible microwave detectors, flexible microwave signal processing devices, and wearable mechanics‐magnetic sensors. Here, a flexible microwave magnetic CuFe2O4 (CuFO) epitaxial thin film with tunable ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectra is demonstrated by purely mechanical strains, including tensile and compressive strains, on flexible fluorophlogopite (Mica) substrates. Tensile and compressive strains show remarkable tuning effects of up‐regulation and down‐regulation on in‐plane FMR resonance field (Hr), which can be used for flexible tunable resonators and filters. The out‐of‐plane FMR spectra can also be tuned by mechanical bending, including Hr and absorption peak. The change of out‐of‐plane FMR spectra has great potential for flexible mechanics‐magnetic deformation sensors. Furthermore, a superior microwave magnetic stability and mechanical antifatigue character are obtained in the CuFO/Mica thin films. These flexible epitaxial CuFO thin films with tunable microwave magnetism and excellent mechanical durability are promising for the applications in flexible spintronics, microwave detectors, and oscillators.
Well‐Balanced Ambipolar Conjugated Polymers Featuring Mild Glass Transition Temperatures Toward High‐Performance Flexible Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Shi Keli , Zhang Weifeng , Gao Dong , Zhang Shiying , Lin Zuzhang , Zou Ye , Wang Liping , Yu Gui 
Published: January 2018

AbstractConjugated polymers, which can be fabricated by simple processing techniques and possess excellent electrical performance, are key to the fabrication of flexible polymer field‐effect transistors (PFETs) and integrated circuits. Herein, two ambipolar conjugated polymers based on (3E,7E)‐3,7‐bis(2‐oxo‐1H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐b]pyridin‐3(2H)‐ylidene)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]difuran‐2,6(3H,7H)‐dione and dithienylbenzothiadiazole units, namely PNBDOPV‐DTBT and PNBDOPV‐DTF2BT, are developed. Both copolymers possess almost planar conjugated backbone conformations and suitable highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels (−5.64/−4.38 eV for PNBDOPV‐DTBT and −5.79/−4.48 eV for PNBDOPV‐DTF2BT). Note that PNBDOPV‐DTBT has a glass transition temperature (140 °C) lower than the deformation temperature of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), meaning well‐ordered molecular packing can be obtained on PET substrate before its deformation in mild thermal annealing process. Flexible PFETs based on PNBDOPV‐DTBT fabricated on PET substrates exhibit high and well‐balanced hole/electron mobilities of 4.68/4.72 cm2 V−1 s−1 under ambient conditions. After the further modification of Au source/drain electrodes with 1‐octanethiol self‐assembled monolayers, impressively high and well‐balanced hole/electron mobilities up to 5.97/7.07 cm2 V−1 s−1 are achieved in the flexible PFETs. Meanwhile, flexible complementary‐like inverters based on PNBDOPV‐DTBT on PET substrate also afford a much high gain of 148. The device performances of both the PFETs and inverters are among the highest values for ambipolar conjugated polymers reported to date.
Tuning the Activity of Carbon for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution via an Iridium‐Cobalt Alloy Core Encapsulated in Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Cages
Authors: Jiang Peng , Chen Jitang , Wang Changlai , Yang Kang , Gong Shipeng , Liu Shuai , Lin Zhiyu , Li Mengsi , Xia Guoliang , Yang Yang , Su Jianwei , Chen Qianwang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractGraphene, a 2D material consisting of a single layer of sp2‐hybridized carbon, exhibits inert activity as an electrocatalyst, while the incorporation of heteroatoms (such as N) into the framework can tune its electronic properties. Because of the different electronegativity between N and C atoms, electrons will transfer from C to N in N‐doped graphene nanosheets, changing inert C atoms adjacent to the N‐dopants into active sites. Notwithstanding the achieved progress, its intrinsic activity in acidic media is still far from Pt/C. Here, a facile annealing strategy is adopted for Ir‐doped metal‐organic frameworks to synthesize IrCo nanoalloys encapsulated in N‐doped graphene layers. The highly active electrocatalyst, with remarkably reduced Ir loading (1.56 wt%), achieves an ultralow Tafel slope of 23 mV dec−1 and an overpotential of only 24 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 0.5 m sulfuric acid solution. Such superior performance is even superior to the noble‐metal catalyst Pt. Surface structural and computational studies reveal that the superior behavior originates from the decreased ΔGH* for HER induced by the electrons transferred from the alloy core to the graphene layers, which is beneficial for enhancing CH binding.
Konfigurationsisomerie in Polyoxovanadaten
Authors: Mahnke Lisa K. , Kondinski Aleksandar , Warzok Ulrike , Näther Christian , van Leusen Jan , Schalley Christoph A. , Monakhov Kirill Yu. , Kögerler Paul , Bensch Wolfgang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEin wasserlöslicher Abkömmling des Polyoxovanadat‐Archetyps {V15E6O42} (E=Halbmetall) ermöglicht die Untersuchung supramolekular induzierter Clusterschalen‐Umwandlungen. Eine für E=Sb spezifische Reaktion, die durch einen Ligandenaustausch in [Ni(ethylendiamin)3]2+‐Gegenionen eingeleitet wird, resultiert in der Bildung des metastabilen α1*‐Konfigurationsisomers des {V14Sb8O42}‐Clustertyps. Im Unterschied zu allen bisher bekannten Polyoxovanadat‐Schalenarchitekturen weist dieses Isomer eine nach innen ausgerichtete Vanadylgruppe auf und ist ca. 50 bzw. 12 kJ mol−1 energiereicher als die zuvor isolierten α‐ und β‐Isomere. Diese unerwartete Reaktion wird im Hinblick auf supramolekulare Sb‐O⋅⋅⋅V‐ und Sb‐O⋅⋅⋅Sb‐Bindungen diskutiert, die sich in {V14Sb8O42}2‐Dimeren im Festkörper manifestieren. ESI‐MS‐Experimente untermauern die Stabilität dieser Dimere auch in Lösung und in der Gasphase. DFT‐Rechnungen zufolge sollten so auch weitere, bislang noch nicht gefundene {V14Sb8}‐Isomere zugänglich sein.
A C=O⋅⋅⋅Isothiouronium Interaction Dictates Enantiodiscrimination in Acylative Kinetic Resolutions of Tertiary Heterocyclic Alcohols
Authors: Greenhalgh Mark D. , Smith Samuel M. , Walden Daniel M. , Taylor James E. , Brice Zamira , Robinson Emily R. T. , Fallan Charlene , Cordes David B. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Richardson H. Camille , Grove Markas A. , Cheong Paul Ha‐Yeon , Smith Andrew D. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA combination of experimental and computational studies have identified a C=O⋅⋅⋅isothiouronium interaction as key to efficient enantiodiscrimination in the kinetic resolution of tertiary heterocyclic alcohols bearing up to three potential recognition motifs at the stereogenic tertiary carbinol center. This discrimination was exploited in the isothiourea‐catalyzed acylative kinetic resolution of tertiary heterocyclic alcohols (38 examples, s factors up to >200). The reaction proceeds at low catalyst loadings (generally 1 mol %) with either isobutyric or acetic anhydride as the acylating agent under mild conditions.
Dielectric properties of thin films of Babassu‐based polymer and polyaniline blends
Authors: da Cunha Giovanni P. , de Matos Borges Fernando , Dognani Guilherme , Bacarin Giovani B. , Cabrera Flávio C. , Job Aldo E. , Matos José Milton E. , Vega Maria Letícia , da Cunha Helder N. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTIn the present work, we describe the preparation and subsequent characterization of polymeric blends consisting of a monoglyceride (MG) synthesized from the Babassu's oil and the already commonly employed polyaniline (PAni). By following changes in the complex impedance of capacitor‐like devices we observe that the presence of MG in the PAni/MG blends decreases electrical conductivity and that this decrease is a function of the content of MG in the blend, i.e., the blend with 30% of MG shows Z′ about seven times greater than the one with 10% of MG. Fourier transform infrared measurements prove the formation of MG and the presence of secondary amine groups (NH bonds) in the blends, which allow for the chemical doping of PAni by protonation, further studies are necessary to access the viability of employing this new material as active layer in electronic organic devices. Atomic force microscopy images show the formation of agglomerates due to the presence of MG. In addition, the polymeric mixture acts only as a blend, providing a physical interaction between different components. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46198.
Neuer Nachweis der Biegeschlankheit für Platten
Authors: Fischer Andreas 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDer Nachweis der Durchbiegung für Stahlbetontragwerke ist und bleibt ein komplexer Nachweis. In numerischen Untersuchungen wurden erforderliche Plattendicken bestimmt und mit denen des Eurocode 2 verglichen. Es wird ein neuer Ansatz im Sinne des Nachweises der Biegeschlankheit zur Bestimmung von erforderlichen Plattendicken für die allgemeinen Anforderungen vorgestellt. Dieser Ansatz berücksichtigt alle wesentlichen Einflussgrößen, darunter auch die Größe der Belastung. Der Vergleich mit den Ergebnissen der numerischen Untersuchungen zeigt eine sehr gute Übereinstimmung.
Engineered Sulfur‐Resistant Catalyst System with an Assisted Regeneration Strategy for Lean‐Burn Methane Combustion
Authors: Kinnunen Niko M. , Keenan Matthew , Kallinen Kauko , Maunula Teuvo , Suvanto Mika 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCatalytic combustion of methane, the main component of natural gas, is a challenge under lean‐burn conditions and at low temperatures owing to sulfur poisoning of the Pd‐rich catalyst. This paper introduces a more sulfur‐resistant catalyst system that can be regenerated during operation. The developed catalyst system lowers the barrier that has restrained the use of liquefied natural gas as a fuel in energy production.
Fault detection and diagnosis strategy based on a weighted and combined index in the residual subspace associated with PCA
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Gao Xianwen , Xu Tao , Li Yuan , Pang Yujun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractProcess monitoring and diagnosis are crucial for efficient and optimal operation of a chemical plant. Most multivariate statistical process monitoring strategies, such as principal component analysis, kernel principal component analysis, and dynamic principal component analysis, take advantage of the squared prediction error statistic to monitor the state of samples in a residual subspace (RS). Squared prediction error is defined as the square of the 2‐norm of a residual vector, and it is calculated as the squared norm of the residual components. When the distributions of variables in an RS are quite different from one another, the detection ability of squared prediction error visibly declines. To accurately monitor the faults occurring in the RS, a new fault detection index based on a weighted combination of Hotelling's T2 and squared Euclidean distance is developed in this paper. Principal component analysis is first introduced for dividing the original input space into a principal component subspace and an RS. Next, a weighted and combined index is implemented to monitor the variability of samples in the RS. In addition, a corresponding fault diagnosis strategy based on the contribution plot is also developed in this paper. The proposed method is tested on a numerical example and the Tennessee Eastman process. Simulation results show that the new index is effective in both fault detection and diagnosis.
Chemometrics in laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Tianlong , Tang Hongsheng , Li Hua 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLaser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new type of elemental analytical technology with the advantages of real‐time, online, and noncontact as well as enabling the simultaneous analysis of multiple elements. It has become a frontier analytical technique in spectral analysis. However, the issue of how to improve the accuracy of qualitative and quantitative analyses by extracting useful information from a large amount of complex LIBS data remains the main problem for the LIBS technique. Chemometrics is a chemical subdiscipline of multi‐interdisciplinary methods; it offers advantages in data processing, signal analysis, and pattern recognition. It can solve some complicated problems that are difficult for traditional chemical methods. In this paper, we reviewed the research progress of chemometrics methods in LIBS for spectral data preprocessing as well as for qualitative and quantitative analyses in the most recent 5 years (2012‐2016).
Natural Deposition Strategy for Interfacial, Self‐Assembled, Large‐Scale, Densely Packed, Monolayer Film with Ligand‐Exchanged Gold Nanorods for In Situ Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Drug Detection
Authors: Mao Mei , Zhou Binbin , Tang Xianghu , Chen Cheng , Ge Meihong , Li Pan , Huang Xingjiu , Yang Liangbao , Liu Jinhuai 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLiquid interfacial self‐assembly of metal nanoparticles holds great promise for its various applications, such as in tunable optical devices, plasmonics, sensors, and catalysis. However, the construction of large‐area, ordered, anisotropic, nanoparticle monolayers and the acquisition of self‐assembled interface films are still significant challenges. Herein, a rapid, validated method to fabricate large‐scale, close‐packed nanomaterials at the cyclohexane/water interface, in which hydrophilic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide coated nanoparticles and gold nanorods (AuNRs) self‐assemble into densely packed 2D arrays by regulating the surface ligand and suitable inducer, is reported. Decorating AuNRs with polyvinylpyrrolidone not only extensively decreases the charge of AuNRs, but also diminishes repulsive forces. More importantly, a general, facile, novel technique to transfer an interfacial monolayer through a designed in situ reaction cell linked to a microfluidic chip is revealed. The self‐assembled nanofilm can then automatically settle on the substrate and be directly detected in the reaction cell in situ by means of a portable Raman spectrometer. Moreover, a close‐packed monolayer of self‐assembled AuNRs provides massive, efficient hotspots to create great surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enhancement, which provides high sensitivity and reproducibility as the SERS‐active substrate. Furthermore, this strategy was exploited to detect drug molecules in human urine for cyclohexane‐extracted targets acting as the oil phase to form an oil/water interface. A portable Raman spectrometer was employed to detect methamphetamine down to 100 ppb levels in human urine, exhibiting excellent practicability. As a universal platform, handy tool, and fast pretreatment method with a good capability for drug detection in biological systems, this technique shows great promise for rapid, credible, and on‐spot drug detection.
Cp2TiX Complexes for Sustainable Catalysis in Single‐Electron Steps
Authors: Richrath Ruben B. , Olyschläger Theresa , Hildebrandt Sven , Enny Daniel G. , Fianu Godfred D. , Flowers Robert A. , Gansäuer Andreas 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe present a combined electrochemical, kinetic, and synthetic study with a novel and easily accessible class of titanocene catalysts for catalysis in single‐electron steps. The tailoring of the electronic properties of our Cp2TiX‐catalysts that are prepared in situ from readily available Cp2TiX2is achieved by varying the anionic ligand X. Of the complexes investigated, Cp2TiOMs proved to be either equal or substantially superior to the best catalysts developed earlier. The kinetic and thermodynamic properties pertinent to catalysis have been determined. They allow a mechanistic understanding of the subtle interplay of properties required for an efficient oxidative addition and reduction. Therefore, our study highlights that efficient catalysts do not require the elaborate covalent modification of the cyclopentadienyl ligands.
Deracemization of a Racemic Compound by Using Tailor‐Made Additives
Authors: Engwerda Anthonius H. J. , van Schayik Pim , Jagtenberg Henjo , Meekes Hugo , Rutjes Floris P. J. T. , Vlieg Elias 
Published: January 2018

AbstractViedma ripening is a process that combines abrasive grinding of a slurry of crystals with solution‐phase racemization, resulting in solid‐phase deracemization. One of the major disadvantages of Viedma ripening is that the desired compound needs to crystallize as a racemic conglomerate, accounting for only 5–10 % of all chiral molecules. Herein, we show that use of a chiral additive causes deracemization under conditions, in which the compound normally crystallizes as a racemic compound. Although this concerns a single example, it is envisioned that through this new approach the scope of Viedma ripening can be significantly expanded.
Cobaltocenylidene: A Mesoionic Metalloceno Carbene, Stabilized in a Gold(III) Complex
Authors: Vanicek Stefan , Podewitz Maren , Hassenrück Christopher , Pittracher Michael , Kopacka Holger , Wurst Klaus , Müller Thomas , Liedl Klaus R. , Winter Rainer F. , Bildstein Benno 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOxidative addition of cobaltoceniumdiazonium bis(hexafluoridophosphate) with (pseudo)halide aurates gave gold(III) complexes containing zwitterionic cobaltoceniumide as a ligand. Its selenium derivative, cobaltoceniumselenolate, was obtained by an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction of iodocobaltocenium iodide with Na2Se. Spectroscopic and structural data in combination with DFT calculations showed that this cobaltocenylidene species is a mesoionic carbene quite different from common N‐heterocyclic carbenes. Its ligand properties (TEP, singlet‐triplet gap, nucleophilicity, π‐acidity, Brønsted basicity) are in part comparable to those of cyclic (amino)(alkyl/aryl)carbenes. Electrochemistry data showed that the mesoionic cobaltoceniumides are more electron‐rich than their parent ferrocenes. The reversible reduction of the tricyanido gold complex appears 50 mV negative of the cobaltocenium/cobaltocene couple, whereas that of the selenide derivative is shifted cathodically by 550 mV.