bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wafer-scale Fabrication of Non-Polar Mesoporous GaN Distributed Bragg Reflectors via Electrochemical Porosification
Authors: Zhu Tongtong , Liu Yingjun , Ding Tao , Fu Wai Yuen , Jarman John , Ren Christopher Xiang , Kumar R. Vasant , Oliver Rachel A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDistributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) are essential components for the development of optoelectronic devices. For many device applications, it is highly desirable to achieve not only high reflectivity and low absorption, but also good conductivity to allow effective electrical injection of charges. Here, we demonstrate the wafer-scale fabrication of highly reflective and conductive non-polar gallium nitride (GaN) DBRs, consisting of perfectly lattice-matched non-polar (11–20) GaN and mesoporous GaN layers that are obtained by a facile one-step electrochemical etching method without any extra processing steps. The GaN/mesoporous GaN DBRs exhibit high peak reflectivities (>96%) across the entire visible spectrum and wide spectral stop-band widths (full-width at half-maximum >80 nm), while preserving the material quality and showing good electrical conductivity. Such mesoporous GaN DBRs thus provide a promising and scalable platform for high performance GaN-based optoelectronic, photonic, and quantum photonic devices.
Chronic microaspiration of bile acids induces lung fibrosis through multiple mechanisms in rats
Authors: Chen Bi , You Wen Jie , Liu Xue Qing , Xue Shan , Qin Hui , Jiang Han Dong 
Published: March 2017

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and microaspiration of duodenogastric refluxate have been recognized as a risk factor for pulmonary fibrosis. Recent evidence suggests that bile acid microaspiration may contribute to the development of lung fibrosis. However, the molecular evidence is scarce and the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. We have recently demonstrated that bile acids induce activation of alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) and lung fibroblasts in vitro. In the present study, a rat model of bile acid microaspiration was established by weekly intratracheal instillation of three major bile acids including chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), deoxycholic acid (DCA), and lithocholic acid (LCA). Repeated microaspiration of CDCA, DCA, and LCA caused fibrotic changes, including alveolar wall thickening and extensive collagen deposition, in rat lungs. Bile acid microaspiration also induced alveolar epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), as indicated by up-regulation of mesenchymal markers α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and vimentin, as well as down-regulaton of epithelial markers E-cadherin and cytokeratin in alveolar epithelium of rat lungs. The expression of fibrogenic mediators, including transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and periostin, was significantly elevated in rat lungs exposed to microaspiration of bile acids. Furthermore, microaspiration of bile acids also induced p-Smad3 and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) expression in rat lungs. Our findings suggest that microaspiration of bile acids could promote the development of pulmonary fibrosis in vivo, possibly via stimulating fibrogenic mediator expression and activating TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling and FXR.
Stable‐wavelength operation of europium‐doped GaN nanocolumn light‐emitting diodes grown by rf‐plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Sekiguchi H. , Imanishi T. , Matsuzaki R. , Ozaki K. , Yamane K. , Okada H. , Kishino K. , Wakahara A. 
Published: March 2017

For the first time, a rare‐earth‐doped GaN nanocolumn light‐emitting diode is fabricated on an n‐type (111) Si substrate, grown by rf‐plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The nanocolumn structure remained in the n‐GaN and europium‐doped GaN active regions, but the lateral growth was enhanced in the p‐GaN region such that a continuous film was obtained. Clear diode characteristics and a sharp red luminescence with two dominant peaks at 620.3 and 633.8 nm were observed at room temperature. The shift in the wavelength with an increase in the injected current was <0.2 nm. Thus, this device has the potential for application as a stable‐wavelength optical device.
Resonant cavity‐based dielectric lens antenna for 60 GHz‐band wireless applications
Authors: Rabbani M.S. , Ghafouri‐Shiraz H. 
Published: March 2017

A resonant cavity‐based dielectric lens antenna has been presented for 60 GHz‐band (57.24–65.88 GHz) wireless applications. The feeding element is a patch antenna designed with size improvement method for laboratory based fabrication with printed circuit board etching process. A semi‐sphere dielectric lens is placed in front of the feeding antenna at a distance equal to about half‐wavelength of the operating central frequency of 61 GHz. Simulation analysis has been performed on the cavity height and lens radius to obtain an optimised antenna design for its best performance in term of gain (20.1 dBi) and return loss (S11) bandwidth (6.14 GHz).
A Novel Method of Neo-osseous Flap Prefabrication: Induction of Free Calvarial Periosteum with Bioactive Glass
Authors: Aliyev Ali , Ekin Ömer , Bitik Ozan , Korkusuz Petek , Yersal Nilgün , Çelik Hakan , Tunçbilek Gökhan 
Published: March 2017

Background Reconstruction of craniofacial bone defects is a primary focus of craniofacial surgery. Although autogenous bone grafts remain as the gold standard, alloplastic materials have also gained widespread popularity due to their off-the-shelf availability, ease of use, and durability. In addition to replacing the missing bone, some of these alloplastic materials have also been found to induce new bone formation.
Objectives In this study, the phenomenon of neo-osseous induction with bioactive glass was investigated for different implant-soft tissue configurations.
Materials and Methods Thirty-two male, Wistar albino rats were divided into four equally numbered study groups. In group 1 (FP), adipofascial groin flaps were prefabricated with free periosteal grafts. In group 2 (FPB), adipofascial groin flaps were prefabricated with free periosteal grafts and bioactive glass. In group 3 (FB), adipofascial groin flaps were prefabricated with bioactive glass. In group 4 (control), adipofascial groin flaps were not prefabricated. Morphometric analyses of the prefabricated structures were performed using micro-CT. The histologic properties of the ectopic ossification were assessed by using a modified scoring system.
Results Group 1 (FP) showed the greatest rate of mature lamellar bone formation. Group 2 (FBP) showed the greatest amount of bone density and volume. However, the addition of bioactive glass in group 2 (FBP) decreased the rate of mature lamellar bone formation when compared with group 1 (FP). Ectopic ossification was not observed in the control group.
Conclusion Bioactive glass can be successfully used in the prefabrication of vascularized compound structures for the reconstruction of complex bone defects. However, interference with the periosteal induction of mature lamellar bone formation should be taken into consideration, especially in pediatric bone defects, which primarily rely on spontaneous osteogenesis through periosteal induction.
Residents' Learning Curve of Lumbar Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injections
Authors: Haile Sarah , Hildebrandt Gerhard , Stienen Martin , Joswig Holger 
Published: March 2017

Background and Study Aims There is a paucity of literature on beginners' training and on its connection with patient safety for transforaminal epidural steroid injections (TFESIs). This study retrospectively assessed the learning curves and associated complications of neurosurgery residents never previously exposed to TFESI and compared them with experienced board-certified faculty neurosurgeons (BCFNs).
Material and Methods Procedure time in minutes, dose-area product (DAP) in cGy*cm2, periprocedural observations, and complications in 354 TFESIs for radicular pain secondary to lumbar disk herniation or lumbar spinal stenosis were extracted from operative notes and the electronic infiltration logbook in the per-injection format. Learning curves for 238 residents and 116 BCFN TFESIs in terms of procedure time and DAP were estimated using monotone regression.
Results Residents' TFESI procedure time and DAP reached BCFN level (4.7 minutes and 140.2 Gy*cm2) after 67 and 68 cases, respectively. Residents' TFESIs were unsuccessful in 1.7%, mostly for severe obesity and hypertrophied facet joints, but no severe complications were noted. Obesity, however, did not result in increased procedure times or radiation exposure in general. Residents were faster and required less fluoroscopy in TFESI of the upper lumbar nerve roots than for L5 or S1 in particular.
Conclusion The residents' learning curve for TFESIs in terms of procedure time and radiation exposure can be overcome safely after < 70 TFESIs. An outcome analysis correlating to the interventionalist's training level would be worth investigating in future studies.
Point-of-Care Coagulation Tests Monitoring of Direct Oral Anticoagulants and Their Reversal Therapy: State of the Art
Authors: Bianchi Paolo , Ranucci Marco , Baryshnikova Ekaterina , Iapichino Giacomo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDirect oral anticoagulants (DOACs) exert similar anticoagulant effects to vitamin K antagonists and are increasingly used worldwide. Nevertheless, an evidence-based approach to patients receiving DOACs when any unplanned urgent surgery or bleeding (either spontaneous or traumatic) occurs is still missing. In this review, we investigate the role of point-of-care coagulation tests when other, more specific tests are not available. Indeed, thromboelastography and activated clotting time can detect dabigatran-induced coagulopathy, while their accuracy is limited for apixaban and rivaroxaban, mostly in cases of low drug plasma concentrations. These tests can also be used to guide the reversal of DOAC-induced coagulopathy providing a quick, before-and-after picture in case of therapeutic use of hemostatic compounds.
Postoperative Care of Patients with High-grade Glioma: Is There a Real Need for the Neurocritical ICU and Early CT Scan?
Authors: Altieri Roberto , Agnoletti Alessandro , Fornaro Riccardo , Ajello Marco , Zenga Francesco , Ducati Alessandro , Garbossa Diego , Cofano Fabio 
Published: March 2017

Background Pressure on economic resources now requires a careful rationalization of services. For adult patients with supratentorial gliomas, there is no consensus on the real need for care in a postoperative neurocritical intensive care unit (NICU) and on the timing of a postsurgical computed tomography (CT) scan. In this retrospective nonrandomized study, we assessed if and when there is a real need for NICU and if an early CT scan could be justified in the absence of neurologic worsening.
Methods Of 264 patients, 21 were admitted to the NICU after the procedure as planned before the surgery for their clinical features (Karnofsky performance status < 70, American Society of Anesthesiologists score > 2, or Charlson Comorbidity Index > 5).
Results The mean stay in the NICU was 19.7 hours. One of these patients had developed a postoperative hematoma that was subsequently removed, and died afterward. The other 243 patients were followed clinically after the procedure: 219 underwent a cerebral CT scan 24 hours after the procedure and were discharged in good condition. The other 24 patients had a cerebral CT scan within 24 hours after the procedure. The early CT showed the presence of a local edema in five cases and a hematoma surgically treated with a subsequent admission to the NICU in two cases.
Conclusion Considering our data, we suggest that NICU should not always be used after craniotomy for supratentorial gliomas. Clinical observation was sufficient to predict early postoperative complications. A CT scan before 24 hours after surgery is not recommended in the absence of clinical worsening.
Conservative Treatment with Octreotide to Provide Early Recovery of Children with Esophageal Perforation
Authors: Turkyilmaz Zafer , Sonmez Kaan , Basaklar Abdullah , Karabulut Ramazan 
Published: March 2017

Background The effectiveness of nonoperative treatment of esophageal perforation (EP) in children with octreotide is highlighted.
Methods Records of nine patients (seven boys and two girls with an average age of 5.83 ± 5.35 years) with EP were reviewed.
Results EP developed in six patients during dilation of esophageal stenosis (five of six caused by caustic burns). In the other three patients, EP developed after nasogastric placement, after endotracheal intubation, and during endoscopy for foreign body. The symptoms consisted of dyspnea in four patients, tachypnea in seven patients, fever in six patients, chest pain in two patients, and abdominal pain in one patient. Two patients had pneumomediastinum, four patients had pleural effusion, one patient had subcutaneous emphysema, four patients had pneumothorax, and two patients had severe sepsis. Eight of the perforations resolved spontaneously. Therapy included cessation of oral feedings, implementation of proper antibiosis, parenteral and/or enteral nutrition by gastrostomy, and drainage of pleural effusions or mediastinal abscesses if required. Though not recommended by literature, octreotide was administered to these patients. Only one patient was operated in another clinic and was lost during follow-up. The length of hospitalization stay had a median of 11 ± 6.59 days, ranging between 5 and 28 days. If the patient who was operated and did not receive octreotide therapy is excluded, the median hospitalization was only 8 days (5 to 12 days). All patients in our series (except patient 8) survived and still have their native esophagus.
Conclusion The initiation of octreotide treatment in the early period after diagnosis of EP without surgical intervention leads to early improvement in children.
Kunstherzpatienten im Rettungswesen
Authors: Panholzer Bernd , Haneya Assad 
Published: March 2017

Unter dem Begriff Kunstherztherapie versteht man die Implantation von Herzunterstützungssystemen (Ventricular Assist Devices, VAD), zumeist im linken Ventrikel (LVAD), seltener rechts (RVAD) oder biventrikulär (BVAD). Diese Systeme agieren zusätzlich – also unterstützend – zum eigenen Herzen. Die Patienten werden inzwischen i. d. R. postoperativ nach Hause entlassen, und so wird auch der Rettungsdienst zunehmend mit diesen Patienten konfrontiert.
Magnetization dynamics and its scattering mechanism in thin CoFeB films with interfacial anisotropy
Authors: Okada Atsushi , He Shikun , Gu Bo , Kanai Shun , Soumyanarayanan Anjan , Lim Sze Ter , Tran Michael , Mori Michiyasu , Maekawa Sadamichi , Matsukura Fumihiro , Ohno Hideo , Panagopoulos Christos 
Published: March 2017

Significance
Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) is considered a standard tool in the study of magnetization dynamics, with an established analysis procedure. We show there is a missing piece of physics to consider to fully understand and precisely interpret FMR results. This physics manifests itself in the dynamics of magnetization and hence in FMR spectra of ferromagnets, where interfacial anisotropy is a fundamental term. Advances in ferromagnetic heterostructures enabled by developing cutting-edge technology now allow us to probe and reveal physics previously hidden in the bulk properties of ferromagnets.
Partner abundance controls mutualism stability and the pace of morphological change over geologic time
Authors: Chomicki Guillaume , Renner Susanne S. 
Published: March 2017

SignificanceSome epiphytes gain most of their nutrients from ants that nest in plant-provided cavities, accessible only through plant-formed entrance holes. We use a large clade of such epiphytes to study when mutualisms break down and how this affects the symbiont filtering system. Results support three theoretical predictions: (i) only generalist symbioses returned to a non–ant-associated state; (ii) evolutionary returns to an ant-free state occur where partners are rare, in our system at high altitudes; and (iii) the rate of hole-diameter evolution increases drastically after mutualism breakdown, suggesting release from stabilizing selection exerted by mutualistic ants. This highlights the importance of partner abundances in determining mutualistic strategy and explains the convergent evolution of ant/plant symbioses in ant-rich tropical lowlands.
Population Genomic Analysis of Brook Trout in Pennsylvania's Appalachian Region
Authors: Buonaccorsi V. P. , Malloy J. , Peterson M. , Brubaker K. , Grant C. J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractInformed conservation of stream fishes requires detailed understanding of the effects of both natural processes and anthropogenic activities on genetic diversity. Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis, a salmonid native to eastern North America, typically resides in cold, high‐quality stream ecosystems. The species has not only faced historical anthropogenic pressures, but also confronts current and future pressures. In a genetic analysis we used a reduced representation sequencing method (ddRADseq) to characterize 63 individuals from 23 streams where Brook Trout are native in the Appalachian region of Pennsylvania. A total of 2,590 loci passed filtering criteria, and 53% displayed significant association with a major stream drainage basin (Susquehanna or Allegheny; mean FST = 0.085). Mapping of the sequencing reads to the Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar genome revealed no clustering of high interdrainage FST values to specific genome regions. Evidence for genetic heterogeneity within each drainage basin was also detected. Stepwise regression of observed heterozygosity against geographic and environmental features revealed that drainage basin and effective area of watersheds were significant predictors of observed heterozygosity of Brook Trout within streams. Natural features such as waterfalls and major drainage basin, as well as the effects of dams and acid‐mine drainage have fragmented habitat and shaped genetic diversity within Brook Trout populations in the Appalachian region of Pennsylvania, overall indicating the vulnerability of this species to increased industrialization.Received August 15, 2016; accepted January 17, 2017 Published online March 24, 2017
Glu–Phe from onion (Allium Cepa L.) attenuates lipogenesis in hepatocytes
Authors: Lee Yu Geon , Cho Jeong–Yong , Hwang Eom Ji , Jeon Tae–Il , Moon Jae–Hak 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
A Glu–Phe (EF) was isolated from onion (Allium cepa L. cv. Sunpower). The chemical structure of EF was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance and electrospray ionization–mass (ESI−MS) spectroscopy. We showed that EF reduced lipid accumulation in mouse hepatocytes by inhibiting the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP–1c) and its lipogenic target genes. We also found that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was required for the inhibitory effect of EF on lipid accumulation in mouse hepatocytes. Furthermore, EF was qualified in nine onion cultivars by selective multiple reaction-monitoring detection of liquid chromatography–ESI−MS. These results suggest that EF could contribute to the beneficial effect of onion supplement in maintaining hepatic lipid homeostasis.
Short-step syntheses of naturally occurring polyoxygenated aromatics based on site-selective transformation
Authors: Yamashita Yasunobu , Biard Alan , Hanaya Kengo , Shoji Mitsuru , Sugai Takeshi 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Wogonin and astringin were synthesized from inexpensive chrysin and piceid in short steps. The key feature of these syntheses is site-selective transformation. The target molecules were obtained in 27 and 62% yields from the starting materials, respectively.
A Comparison of Red Snapper Reproductive Potential in the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico: Natural versus Artificial Habitats
Authors: Glenn Hilary D. , Cowan James H. , Powers Joseph E. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The majority of the research on adult Red Snapper Lutjanus campechanus in the Gulf of Mexico has been conducted at artificial habitats (in particular, low-relief artificial reefs off the coast of Alabama) and more recently on oil and gas platforms off the coast of Louisiana. However, previous studies indicate that there are differences in Red Snapper demographics and reproductive biology between habitats and regions within the Gulf. Despite the lack of study of natural reefs and banks in the Gulf, these areas are believed to be the historical centers of Red Snapper abundance. This study sampled Red Snapper from habitats that include reefs located more than 125 km offshore, making them difficult to reach for routine sampling. The results indicate significant differences in Red Snapper reproductive biology between females collected on adjacent artificial and natural habitats. Annual fecundity estimates were almost 20-fold higher in fish collected from natural habitats. Due to the high number of artificial habitats in the Gulf, these results suggest that accounting for metapopulation differences in reproductive potential is important in evaluating the status of this resource.
Children's daily activities: age variations between 8 and 12 years old across 16 countries
Authors: Rees Gwyther 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis article uses information reported by over 54,000 children aged 8–12 years old about their daily activities in a diverse sample of 16 countries across four continents. It explores between-country similarities and differences in patterns of activities across this age range. The analysis focuses on four topics identified in previous research – involvement with housework, the emphasis on educational activities, the balance between active and sedentary leisure activities, and the balance between time spent with family and friends. The results suggest diverging age variations in children's activities across countries between the ages of 8 and 12 including tentative evidence of differences between low-income and high-income countries. They also highlight the need to understand children's daily activities within the specific context of individual countries.
Retail Intermediation and Local Foods
Authors: Richards Timothy J. , Hamilton Stephen F. , Gomez Miguel , Rabinovich Elliot 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDirect sales of local foods, for instance through farmer's markets, have reached a plateau, while intermediated sales (through more traditional retailers) are still rising rapidly. We provide an explanation for the growth of intermediated local foods based on the observation that consumers prefer to buy local foods as part of a shopping basket that includes both local and non‐local items. We test our hypothesis using data from a natural experiment conducted by Relay Foods, an online retailer based in the U.S. state of Virginia, and a multi‐variate logit model of shopping‐basket demand. We find significant complementarities among items in a sample shopping basket that are not reflected in estimates from a discrete‐choice model of category demand. Estimates of a structural pricing‐and‐local‐content model reveal important incentives for retailers to offer local foods as part of a broader selection of grocery items.