bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age‐0 Shovelnose Sturgeon Prey Consumption in the Lower Missouri River
Authors: Gosch N. J. C. , Miller M. L. , Gemeinhardt T. R. , Starks T. A. , Civiello A. P. , Long J. M. , Bonneau J. L. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA lack of nutritious food during the first year of life is a hypothesized factor that may limit survival of endangered pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus in the lower Missouri River (LMOR). Unfortunately, information for age‐0 pallid sturgeon diets remains limited, but diet analyses for age‐0 Scaphirhynchus spp. (sturgeon hereafter) have occurred. Little information, however, exists on age‐0 sturgeon diets in the LMOR; thus, our primary objective was to document age‐0 sturgeon diets in this system. We examined guts contents from 30 individuals, which were genetically identified as shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus, and three stomachs were empty. The remaining age‐0 shovelnose sturgeon consumed chironomid larvae almost exclusively (>98% of prey items consumed). Our results were similar to studies conducted in other systems, and it appears unlikely that a lack of nutritious food was a major factor affecting the individuals captured during this study. This effort provides important information to help guide ongoing adaptive management efforts in the LMOR. © 2016 The Authors. River Research and Applications published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Two tales of variable selection for high dimensional regression: Screening and model building
Authors: Liu Cong , Shi Tao , Lee Yoonkyung 
Published: February 2016

AbstractVariable selection plays an important role in high‐dimensional regression problems where a large number of variables are given as potential predictors of a response of interest. Typically, it arises at two stages of statistical modeling, namely screening and formal model building, with different goals. Screening aims at filtering outirrelevant variablesprior to model building where a formal description of a functional relation between the variables screened for relevance and the response is sought. Accordingly, proper comparison of variable selection methods calls for evaluation criteria that reflect the differential goals: accuracy in ranking order of variables for screening and prediction accuracy for formal modeling.Without delineating the difference in the two aspects, confounding comparisons of various screening and selection methods have often been made in the literature, which may lead to misleading conclusions. In this paper, we present comprehensive numerical studies for comparison of four commonly used screening and selection procedures: correlation screening (also known as sure independence screening), forward selection,LASSOandSCAD. By clearly differentiating screening and model building, we highlight the situations where the performance of these procedures might differ. In addition, we propose a new method for cross‐validation forLASSO. Furthermore, we discuss connections to relevant comparison studies that appeared in the recent literature to clarify different findings and conclusions.
Statistical analysis for nuclear forensics experiments
Authors: Anderson‐Cook Christine M. , Burr Tom , Hamada M. S. , Thomas Edward V. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAs with any type of forensics, nuclear forensics seeks to infer historical information using models and data. This article connects nuclear forensics and calibration. We present statistical analyses of a calibration experiment that connect several responses to the associated set of input values and then ‘make a measurement’ using the calibration model. Previous and upcoming real experiments involving production of PuO2powder motivate this article. Both frequentist and Bayesian approaches are considered, and we report findings from a simulation study that compares different analysis methods for different underlying responses between inputs and responses, different numbers of responses, different amounts of natural variability, and replicated or non‐replicated calibration experiments and new measurements.
Visualizing discrepancies from nonlinear models and computer experiments
Authors: Weaver Brian P. , Warr Richard L. , Anderson‐Cook Christine M. , Higdon David M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPlutonium‐238 is an important specialized power source that radiates heat, which can be converted into electricity. This case study models the thermal output of samples of Pu‐238, in which the underlying theoretical model of its decay summarizes a large portion of the observed behavior. A discrepancy function is used to account for missing structure seen in the observed data, but is not included in the physical model. The model combines the assumed physics model, discrepancy and experimental error with an expression of the form, f(x,θ) + δ(x) + ɛ. The combined model improves prediction of new observations in the future by accounting for shortcomings or omissions in the physical model and provides quantitative summaries of the relative contributions of the discrepancy and physics model. In this work, we illustrate how to visualize the discrepancy function when it is modeled using a Gaussian process. With the visualization, scientists can gain understanding about the differences between the observed data and the current scientific model and develop proposals of how to potentially improve their model. A secondary example illustrates how the visualization methods can help with understanding in higher dimensions.
Trajectory analysis via a geometric feature space approach
Authors: Rintoul Mark D. , Wilson Andrew T. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis study aimed to organize a body of trajectories in order to identify, search for and classify both common and uncommon behaviors among objects such as aircraft and ships. Existing comparison functions such as the Fréchet distance are computationally expensive and yield counterintuitive results in some cases. We propose an approach using feature vectors whose components represent succinctly the salient information in trajectories. These features incorporate basic information such as the total distance traveled and the distance between start/stop points as well as geometric features related to the properties of the convex hull, trajectory curvature and general distance geometry. Additionally, these features can generally be mapped easily to behaviors of interest to humans who are searching large databases. Most of these geometric features are invariant under rigid transformation. We demonstrate the use of different subsets of these features to identify trajectories similar to an exemplar, cluster a database of several hundred thousand trajectories and identify outliers.
Computing quality scores and uncertainty for approximate pattern matching in geospatial semantic graphs
Authors: Stracuzzi David J. , Brost Randy C. , Phillips Cynthia A. , Robinson David G. , Wilson Alyson G. , Woodbridge Diane M.‐K. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractGeospatial semantic graphs provide a robust foundation for representing and analyzing remote sensor data. In particular, they support a variety of pattern search operations that capture the spatial and temporal relationships among the objects and events in the data. However, in the presence of large data corpora, even a carefully constructed search query may return a large number of unintended matches. This work considers the problem of calculating a quality score for each match to the query, given that the underlying data are uncertain. We present a preliminary evaluation of three methods for determining both match quality scores and associated uncertainty bounds, illustrated in the context of an example based on overhead imagery data.
Attack chain detection
Authors: Sexton Joseph , Storlie Curtis , Neil Joshua 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA targeted network intrusion typically evolves through multiple phases, termed the attack chain. When appropriate data are monitored, these phases will generate multiple events across the attack chain on a compromised host. It is shown empirically that events in different parts of the attack chain are largely independent under nonattack conditions. This suggests that a powerful detector can be constructed by combining across events spanning the attack. This article describes the development of such a detector for a larger network. To construct events that span the attack chain, multiple data sources are used, and the detector combines across events observed on the same machine, across local neighborhoods of machines linked by network communications, as well as across events observed on multiple computers. A probabilistic approach for evaluating the combined events is developed, and empirical investigations support the underlying assumptions. The detection power of the approach is studied by inserting plausible attack scenarios into observed network and host data, and an application to a real‐world intrusion is given.
TSSDroid: realization of an efficient and usable TSS API for the Android software stack
Authors: Khan Sohail , Nauman Mohammad , Othman Abu Talib , Musa Shahrulniza , Syed Toqeer Ali 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe advancement in smartphones capabilities has attracted malware writers to build more sophisticated attacks on these devices. Traditional software‐based security mechanisms have failed to provide strong security against these attacks. Similar threats on the PC have been countered using the concepts of Trusted Computing—a highly flexible trust mechanism with strong security properties. However, smartphone platforms have yet to see any Trusted Computing applications—primarily because of the difficulty in adopting this relatively new paradigm of security. In this paper, we present the design of a high‐level application programming interface (API) that allows Android‐based smartphone application developers to adopt Trusted Computing and use it in their applications without having to learn the intricate details of how Trusted Computing works. The API abstracts away the complexity in using Trusted Computing constructs by offering easy‐to‐use interfaces for complex tasks. The API has enhanced the usability of Trusted Computing development by significantly reducing the number of lines and complexity of code required to perform these diverse tasks. This paper provides a reference implementation for the proposed API in order to show that the API is efficient in terms of performance overhead. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design of an efficient and provably secure anonymity preserving three‐factor user authentication and key agreement scheme for TMIS
Authors: Wazid Mohammad , Das Ashok Kumar , Kumari Saru , Li Xiong , Wu Fan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSeveral remote user authentication techniques for telecare medicine information system (TMIS) have been proposed in the literature. But most existing techniques have limitations such as vulnerable to various attacks, lack of functionalities, and inefficiency. Recently, Amin and Biswas proposed a three‐factor authentication and key agreement technique for TMIS. But their scheme is inefficient and has several security drawbacks. The attacks such as privileged‐insider, user impersonation, and strong reply attacks are possible on their scheme. It also has flaw in password update phase. In order to overcome drawbacks of their scheme, a new provably secure and efficient three‐factor remote user authentication scheme for TMIS is proposed in this paper. The proposed scheme overcomes all drawbacks of their scheme and also provides additional features such as user unlinkability, user anonymity, efficient password, and biometric update. The rigorous informal and formal security analysis using random oracle models and the mostly acceptable Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications tool is also performed. During the experimentation, it has been observed that the proposed scheme is secure against various known attacks that include replay and man‐in‐the‐middle attacks. Furthermore, the analysis of computation and communication cost estimation of the proposed scheme depicts that our scheme is efficient as compared with other related exiting schemes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laboratory‐scale testing of the anti‐corrosion effectiveness of a primer coating on a bare AA2024 surface
Authors: Oltra R. , Peltier F. 
Published: February 2016

In this study, the behaviour of a cut‐edge electrode machined from a coated AA2024‐T3 plate, designed for an aircraft structure, has been used to mimic the electrochemical response occurring after a mechanical scratch on a coated structure.In situ pH imaging with an ion‐selective microprobe was used to confirm the competition between the effect of the inhibitor release and local corrosion activity around intermetallic (IM) particles. In this work, the validation of the described method is based on conventional chromate/dichromate inhibitors, assumed to be cathodic inhibitors.An experimental method, supported by mass transport modelling, was defined to characterize the competition between the triggering of localized microstructural corrosion and the passivation of a bare metal surface. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Impact of Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) from Market Economies to Centrally Planned Countries
Authors: Ghauri Pervez N. , Park Byung Il 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDespite the recent economic slump and subsequent reductions and fluctuations of investment ­activities undertaken by multinational enterprises (MNEs) in host markets, the overall volume of foreign direct investment (FDI) has significantly grown over the past three decades. The major proportion of the FDI flows from market economies to centrally planned countries, with the latter currently receiving huge amounts of inward FDI from the West. A representative example of this flow is China. China is often referred to as the factory of the world and/or the black hole of inward FDI. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
1H‐NMR Characterization of Epoxides Derived from Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
Authors: Xia Wei , Budge Suzanne M. , Lumsden Mike D. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn recent years, 1H NMR has been used to study epoxides in lipid oxidation and industrial processes, but the peak assignments reported for monoepoxides and diepoxides have been inconsistent. Lack of clear assignments for chemical shifts of epoxides derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) has also limited the use of 1H NMR in detecting and quantifying these products during both oxidative degradation and industrial epoxidation. In this study, 1H NMR was used to characterize the epoxides synthesized from trilinolein, trilinolenin, canola oil, and fish oils by reaction with formic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Assignments for epoxides derived from PUFA in canola oil and fish oil were between 2.90–3.23 ppm and 2.90–3.28 ppm, distinct from other chemical groups in these oils. Chemical shifts of epoxy groups moved downfield with an increasing number of epoxy groups in the fatty acid chain. Hence, peaks for diepoxides appeared at 3.00, 3.09, and 3.14 ppm and for triepoxides at 3.00, 3.16, and 3.21 ppm. Results also suggested that stereoisomers of diepoxides and triepoxides were formed during the epoxidation process under the conditions of this study. These new assignments for di‐ and tri‐epoxide stereoisomers were supported by GC–MS analysis of their methyl esters, H–H COSY experiments, and a re‐evaluation of several previous epoxide‐related studies.
Covariances vs. characteristics: what does explain the cross section of the German stock market returns?
Authors: Fieberg Christian , Varmaz Armin , Poddig Thorsten 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe characteristics book-to-market equity ratio, size and momentum are highly correlated with the average returns of common stocks. Fama and French (J Financ Econ 33(1):3–56, 1993), (J Finance 50(1):131–155, 1995) and (J Finance 51(1):55–84, 1996) argue (for size and the book-to-market equity ratio) that the relation between returns and characteristics arises because the characteristics are proxies for exposures to common risk factors. We examine the question whether the characteristics or the covariance structure of returns explain the cross-sectional dispersion in German stock market returns. Our results suggest that widely accepted factors SMB, HML or WML are not priced.
Utility of the PALM‐COEIN classification of abnormal uterine bleeding for Indian gynecologists
Authors: Bandi Nirmala D. , Arumugam Chandrasekharan P. , Venkata Meenakumari R.N. , Nannam Lahari 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo study the clinical utility of the PALM‐COEIN classification for abnormal uterine bleeding in day‐to‐day practice in India.MethodsBetween April and November 2014, a cross‐sectional survey was undertaken of gynecologists practicing in Chittoor and Nellore. Doctors possessing a postgraduate degree in gynecology and obstetrics, and postgraduate students in the gynecology department of medical colleges were invited to participate. A validated questionnaire containing 15 questions was distributed, the opinions were collated, and the results analyzed.ResultsAmong 150 invited gynecologists, 120 agreed to participate, and 119 completed the survey fully. Overall, 95 (79.8%) respondents were aware of the classification, and 56 (47.1%) responded that the PALM‐COEIN system is very good, 46 (38.7%) that it is average, and 17 (14.3%) that it is poor. By subgroup, 16 of 20 (80.0%) faculty members, 46 of 56 (82.1%) postgraduate students, and 33 of 43 (76.7%) practitioners responded that the system is useful.ConclusionIndian doctors generally believe that the PALM‐COEIN system is clinically useful and a step forward in the management of abnormal uterine bleeding.
Functional Effectiveness of Inpatient Rehabilitation After Heart Transplantation
Authors: Gupta Saurabh , Larsen Elizabeth , Garg Ankur , John Florence , Bansal Mukesh , Eckman Peter M. , Sembrano Roderick 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundHeart transplantation (HT) is the treatment of choice for many patients with end‐stage heart failure who remain symptomatic despite optimal medical therapy, but no study has looked directly into functional improvement of HT patients after an inpatient rehabilitation program.ObjectiveTo determine functional improvement in HT patients who completed an inpatient rehabilitation program.DesignRetrospective study.SettingAn inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF) associated with a tertiary care hospital.PatientsSeventeen patients admitted between March 2011 and September 2014 after HT.MethodsDemographic, clinical, and functional data (admission and discharge Functional Independence Measure [FIM] scores) were recorded. Change in FIM scores and FIM efficiency (change in FIM score/length of stay) were analyzed. FIM outcomes for HT patients were compared with regional and national averages for patients undergoing an inpatient rehabilitation program for cardiac debility. As a secondary outcome, we evaluated whether body mass index of HT patients had an impact on FIM gains in an IRF. Individual FIM items were analyzed for trends. Results are reported as mean ± SD.ResultsTwelve male and 5 female patients with mean age of 61.2 ± 4.5 years were identified. Three patients were readmitted to acute hospital because of complications. For those 14 patients who completed the IRF stay, the mean admission and discharge motor FIM were 51.5 (±14.6) and 74.7 (±12.0), respectively. The mean admission and discharge cognition FIM were 30.9 (±3.2) and 32.9 (±1.7), respectively. The mean total FIM gain was 26.9 ± 13.3 (P < .05). The mean FIM efficiency was 3.2 (±2.0). After admission to an IRF, 82% were discharged home with statistically significant improvement in their functional ability. In addition, all individual FIM items improved from admission to discharge. There was positive relationship between body mass index and FIM gain but this was not statistically significant.ConclusionsAn inpatient rehabilitation program appears to positively impact optimal outcomes (functional recovery and discharge to home) for selected patients with HT and is comparable with regional and national FIM gain and efficiency for patients admitted to IRFs with other cardiac conditions.
When Ethical Tones at the Top Conflict: Adapting Priority Rules to Reconcile Conflicting Tones
Authors: Warren Danielle E. , Peytcheva Marietta , Gaspar Joseph P. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT:While tone at the top is widely regarded as an important predictor of ethical behavior in organizations, we argue that recent research overlooks the various conflicting ethical tones present in many multi-organizational work settings. Further, we propose that the resolution processes promulgated in many firms and professional associations to reconcile this conflict reinforce the tone at the bottom or a tone at the top of the employee’s organization, and that both of these approaches can conflict with the tone at the top of other important organizations such as professional and regulatory organizations. Here we adapt Integrative Social Contract Theory’s priority rules to propose a multi-tone reconciliation process which prioritizes conflicting ethical tones based upon features of the organization and the effects on society. Using three contextualizations (overbilling, worker safety and client advocacy), we demonstrate the effectiveness of the multi-tone reconciliation process over current processes. We conclude with recommendations for future research and implications for practice.
Overview evidence on interventions for population suicide with an eye to identifying best-supported strategies for LMICs
Authors: Fleischmann A. , Arensman E. , Berman A. , Carli V. , De Leo D. , Hadlaczky G. , Howlader S. , Vijayakumar L. , Wasserman D. , Saxena S. 
Published: February 2016

Globally, over 800 000 people died by suicide in 2012 and there are indications that for each adult who died of suicide there were likely to be many more attempting suicide. There are many millions of people every year who are affected by suicide and suicide attempts, taking into consideration the family members, friends, work colleagues and communities, who are bereaved by suicide. In the WHO Mental Health Action Plan 2013–2020, Member States committed themselves to work towards the global target of reducing the suicide rate in countries by 10% by 2020. Hence, the first-ever WHO report on suicide prevention, Preventing suicide: a global imperative, published in September 2014, is a timely call to take action using effective evidence-based interventions. Their relevance for low- and middle-income countries is discussed in this paper, highlighting restricting access to means, responsible media reporting, introducing mental health and alcohol policies, early identification and treatment, training of health workers, and follow-up care and community support following a suicide attempt.
Why Researchers Should Publish Archive Inventories Online: The Case of the Archives of French Equatorial Africa
Authors: Hiribarren Vincent 
Published: February 2016

Abstract:This short report gives the rationale behind the creation of the websitehttps://archivescolonialesbrazzaville.wordpress.com/, dedicated to the colonial archives of French Equatorial Africa in January 2015. It is argued that researchers and archivists can build highly useful websites in Africa even with a limited Internet connection.