bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prince Rostislav in the Court of Béla iv
Authors: Font Márta 
Published: December 2017

During the Mongol invasion Prince of Chernihiv Mikhail and his son Rostislav fled to the Hungarian Kingdom. Rostislav Mikhailovich married Anna, the daughter of Hungarian King Béla iv. After the unsuccessful campaign in Halych (1245) Rostislav remained in Hungary in a special status, as the son-in-law of the king, living at the royal court. In accordance with this status he was created a special post, dominus de Macho. Rostislav’s dealings covered much of Eastern Europe, from Little Poland to Bulgaria and from Halych to Bohemia.
Looking at Rostislav from the perspective of the Hungarian royal family, it is significant that throughout he appears as his father-in-law’s unconditional follower: he participated in Béla’s military campaigns and realised Béla’s project in the south, but in the royal court it was not he but his wife Anna who was unusually active. Anna’s position in court was strengthened by differences in age: Stephen was more than ten years older and the younger brother Béla was the same age as Anna’s children. Anna and Rostislav, and in the 1260s their sons, were clearly on the side of Béla as opposed to the younger King Stephen.
New DepoDur Presents Unique Challenges; JCAHO NPSG Survey Change; “Daily” OK, but “QD” is Not; Similar but Different
Authors: Cohen Michael R. 
Published: December 2017

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them in your inservice training programs. Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the USP Medication Errors Reporting Program (MERP), which is presented in cooperation with the Institute for Safe Medication Practices. If you have encountered medication errors and would like to report them, you may call USP toll-free, 24 hours a day, at 800-233-7767 (800-23-ERROR). Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers’ names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below. Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported through the ISMP ( www.ismp.org ) or USP ( www.usp.org ) Web sites or communicated directly to ISMP by calling 800-FAIL SAFE or via E-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters’ wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Combination Statin/Ezetimibe Therapy for the Treatment of Elevated Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
Authors: Gryskiewicz Kristen A. , Coleman Craig I. , Gillespie Effie L. , White C. Michael 
Published: December 2017

Purpose Although statins have been shown to reduce LDL-C and coronary heart disease risk, it is not uncommon for patients to fail to reach NCEP ATP III goals. Some statins cannot lower LDL-C sufficiently; others cannot be titrated optimally due to drug interactions and adverse effects. Concomitant ezetimibe administration can augment LDL-C reduction over statin monotherapy; however, multidrug therapy may result in additional expense. Methods We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) from the hospital perspective including all FDA approved statins alone (fluvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, rosuvastatin, or atorvastatin) or the following statins plus ezetimibe: lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, or atorvastatin. LDL-C lowering efficacy was determined from clinical trials. Our institution's actual acquisition cost was used to approximate drug cost (US $2,004) for each statin dose alone and with ezetimibe. To test the robustness of our results a Monte Carlo simulation was conducted varying both the cost of drug and percent LDL-C reduction efficacy. Results For patients requiring less than or equal to 40% reduction from baseline in LDL-C, lovastatin 10, 20, or 40 mg, or fluvastatin 80 mg would appear to be reasonable choices based upon both efficacy and cost data. For reductions in LDL-C in the range of greater than 40%; simvastatin 40 mg plus ezetimibe 10 mg was found to be most cost effective; although, simvastatin 80 mg, rosuvastatin 20 or 40 mg, or simvastatin 80 mg plus ezetimibe 10 mg appear to be reasonably cost-effective as well. These results were not found to be robust to variations in drug cost and LDL-C reduction. Conclusion When smaller reductions in LDL-C are required (less than 40%), drug cost is the variable that most significantly drives cost effectiveness; however, when larger LDL-C reductions are required, LDL-C lowering capacity is the single most important factor in determining cost-effectiveness of the lipid-lowering therapies. The addition of ezetimibe becomes most cost-effective when larger reductions are required.
Role of Clinical Pharmacist in a Heart Failure Clinic
Authors: Singh-Franco Devada , Li Leanne , Hannah Stan , Diamond Morton 
Published: December 2017

Purpose To determine if the inclusion of a clinical pharmacist (CP) in a heart failure (HF) multidisciplinary team could lead to a reduction in the number of hospital admissions and additionally decrease the clinical signs and symptoms of HF patients with either Medicaid or no medical insurance. Methods Longitudinal study to determine the impact of a pharmaceutical-care service program to HF patients by comparing the 9-month period before (pre-intervention) and the 9-month period after (post-intervention) implementation of the program. The intervention of the CP was directed in two complementary functions. The first was direct patient contact and the second was to provide drug information to the medical clinicians. Results Twenty-nine outpatients completed the study. Over 9 months, the CP made a total of 216 interventions and had three in-person, follow-up contacts and three telephone contacts per patient. At post-intervention, there was a statistically significant reduction in the total number of hospitalizations (50 vs 23; P < 0.018) and length of stay (LOS) (263 days vs 108 days; P < 0.03). However, there was an insignificant reduction in HF hospitalizations, LOS, and total number of HF signs and symptoms. Conclusions Addition of a CP to an outpatient HF clinic can lead to fewer hospital admissions and a reduction in the LOS in patients with either Medicaid or no medical insurance.
Going out, sociability, and cultural distinctions
Authors: Törrönen Jukka , Maunu Antti 
Published: December 2017

■ Aim Pubs are focal stages of sociability. This article investigates the identifications and distinctions between us and them, made by young Finns talking about their own behaviour in pubs, and the pubs they like and dislike. ■ Data & Method The data consists of 117 interviews with 23 to 35-year-old young Finnish adults who work in business or administration. The method applies classification analysis and is influenced by the structuralist, semiotic, and rhetoric traditions. ■ Results The analysis shows that many of the interviewees' classifications involve distancing themselves from those people that go to ‘superficial' pubs. The interviewees distinguish themselves from those frequenting superficial places by classifying the interactions there as false and stiff, and contrary to a genuine and relaxed sociability. With these distinctions the interviewees do not aim to distinguish themselves as above' others. Instead, they define themselves as ordinary people by separating themselves from people who are fake, pretentious, or too faddish. ■ Conclusions [This] opposition to superficiality and the emphasis on authenticity is reminiscent of Rousseau's criticism of trivial needs. The interviewees seem to define sociability in pubs in a way that valorises the virtues of ordinariness and modesty.
Has the Impact of Population Drinking on Harm become Weaker in Sweden?
Authors: Ramstedt Mats 
Published: December 2017

Aims The main aim of this paper is to analyse the development in alcohol-related mortality and other indicators of alcohol-related harm for the period 1990–2005 but with focus on the recent period of rising population drinking. Data The harm indicators included are various forms of alcohol-related mortality (accidents, cirrhosis, suicide, homicide and an index of alcohol-specific mortality) and hospitalisations (index of alcohol-specific diagnoses, liver cirrhosis and alcohol poisonings) as well as alcohol-related crime indicators (police-reported assaults, drink-driving offences and police arrests for drunkenness). Data on alcohol consumption were obtained from the Swedish Monitoring survey. Results The findings confirm previous studies suggesting that recently alcohol-related mortality in general has not increased as expected with the rise in alcohol consumption. Still, a closer look revealed several indications of higher alcohol mortality today compared with the period before consumption started to increase, e.g., for liver cirrhosis, fatal accidents and alcohol-specific mortality in Southern Sweden. Further, alcohol-related hospitalisations in somatic care and hospitalisations for liver cirrhosis and alcohol poisonings have increased among both men and women and a recent upward trend was found regarding reported drink-driving offences, alcohol-related traffic accidents and violent crimes. Conclusion Taking all indicators together suggests that alcohol-related harm in Sweden today has become higher compared with the situation before population drinking started to rise in the late 1990s, though not at the expected extent for all harms. A lower level of drinking in Sweden would most likely give rise to less alcohol-related problems among men and women.
Twenty then – Today about Thirty-Five
Authors: Törnqvist Claes 
Published: December 2017

Aim Studying changes between the ages of 20 and 35 in the use of alcohol and its meaning to the user and the relation of this to cultural background. Data and Method Qualitative interviews with 42 persons in Malmö, Sweden, aged approximately 20 years (21 women, 21 men) belonging to 3 groups, differing in social characteristics, in their use of alcohol and the meaning it had for them. 34 of them were interviewed again in a follow-up study 15–16 years later. Results and Conclusions At the age of 35, when matters of work, family and raising of children had become of central importance, alcohol no longer had the much more central role in their lives it had had at the age of 20, when intoxication had helped them create a collective illusion of future success at their goals. Alcohol still played a role in their lives, however, helping to support their feelings of closeness to their partners, of being good parents and of succeeding in their work. Drinking, usually involving wine, was primarily on weekends in a family setting, the woman typically taking the initiative here. The continental European custom of going out occasionally on weekday evenings to drink beer with job colleagues had become more frequent. Those without a family or a partner differed somewhat in their pattern of drinking. Effects of one's social environment at the age of 20 on the use of alcohol and the meaning it had for one at the age of 35 were evident.
The Nordic Borders are not Alike
Authors: Karlsson Thomas , Österberg Esa 
Published: December 2017

Aim To pinpoint the most important and interesting border trade areas for alcoholic beverages in the Nordic countries and to investigate patterns of routes and directions of border trade with alcoholic beverages in these areas. Data & Methods Travellers' alcohol imports in general and border trade in alcoholic beverages in particular are studied in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, paying special attention to different borders and border areas in the Nordic countries. Results The main motive for border trade in alcohol is differences in the prices of alcoholic beverages. The greater the price difference the higher the volume of border trade in alcoholic beverages, ceteris paribus. However, differences in alcohol prices are by no means the only factors affecting the volume of border trade in alcohol. In the Nordic countries the volume of cross-border trade in alcoholic beverages is currently especially significant in five geographic areas. Conclusions Not only factors derived from the basic economic theory of consumer behaviour, but a mixed variety of intervening factors, as for instance manmade hindrances or geographical circumstances, markedly influence cross-border trade in alcoholic beverages in the Nordic countries.
NRBP2 Overexpression Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Migration and Increases Cisplatin Sensitivity in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Li Xiaopeng , Chen Xin , Jiang Jue , Yang Shuanying , Gao Ya 
Published: December 2017

Aims: Nuclear receptor binding protein 2 is ubiquitously expressed in all tissues in humans. However, few studies have reported the function of nuclear receptor binding protein 2 in human cancers. Methods: Immunohistochemistry and Reverse Transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) were used to detect nuclear receptor binding protein 2 expression in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma tissues. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, Transwell assay, wound healing assay, and Western blotting were used for the functional study of nuclear receptor binding protein 2. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 19.0. Results: Survival analysis showed that high expression of nuclear receptor binding protein 2 led to better prognosis. Overexpressed nuclear receptor binding protein 2 can inhibit the proliferation rate of cholangiocarcinoma cells while having a slight effect on cell apoptosis. Gain-of-function experiments showed that overexpressed nuclear receptor binding protein 2 could lead to G1 phase arrest in RBE and CCLP cell lines. Furthermore, Transwell assay showed that overexpressed nuclear receptor binding protein 2 could inhibit the migration ability of RBE and CCLP cell lines. Western blot analysis showed that E-cadherin was upregulated, while N-cadherin and vimentin were downregulated. In addition, we observed that overexpressed nuclear receptor binding protein 2 can also increase the cisplatin sensitivity of cholangiocarcinoma cells by regulating the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Conclusions: Our study observed that nuclear receptor binding protein 2 played a tumor suppressive role in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, which may be attributable to the induction of G1 phase arrest and inhibition of progression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and overexpression of nuclear receptor binding protein 2 leads to improved efficiency of cisplatin treatment.
Not just a marker: CD34 on human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells dominates vascular selectin binding along with CD44
Authors: AbuSamra Dina B. , Aleisa Fajr A. , Al-Amoodi Asma S. , Jalal Ahmed Heba M. , Chin Chee Jia , Abuelela Ayman F. , Bergam Ptissam , Sougrat Rachid , Merzaban Jasmeen S. 
Published: December 2017

Key PointsHuman HSPCs expressing CD34 exhibit E-selectin binding activity, whereas those lacking CD34 do not. CD34 is a unique E- and P-selectin ligand on human HSPCs that binds with kinetics comparable to other known selectin ligands.
The issue of immigrants in Italy: a rational model of immigration management by Italian municipalities
Authors: Baudino Marco 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper aims to analyze the increasing issue of overcongestion affecting the immigration hosting facilities of many Italian municipalities, as well as the heterogeneity in immigration regulatory behavior emerging among the latter. Since 2014, the immigration rate in Italy has tripled and the redistribution process of immigrants among municipalities has increased in a sustained manner. Municipalities receive financial subsidies from the central government for hosting immigrants; at the same time, many of them have been experiencing a series of rigidities in the form of complaints by both firms and local residents when having to modify their desired rate of immigrant arrivals. I introduce an intertemporal dynamic framework where a municipal authority rationally maximizes its utility from allowing immigrants to relocate to its jurisdiction, while considering the disutility cost of rigidities and the negative repercussions of having a congestion level of its hosting facilities different from the optimal one. From the model, two major findings emerge. Firstly, the optimal congestion level for a municipality always corresponds to a situation of overcongestion. Secondly, even though the level of rigidities does not affect the steady-state level, it does affect the process of convergence towards it, resulting in either monotonic or oscillating paths of convergence.
Direct Extraction of Polysaccharides from Moso Bamboo (Phylostachys heterocycla) Chips Using a Mixed Solvent System of an Amino Acid Ionic Liquid with Polar Aprotic Solvent
Authors: Dong Yue , Takeshita Tokio , Miyafuji Hisashi , Nokami Toshiki , Itoh Toshiyuki 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The cellulose-dissolving ability and some physical properties of mixed solvents of an amino acid IL, N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)pyrolidin-1-ium 2,6-diaminohexanoate ([P1ME][Lys]), with polar aprotic solvents, such as 1,3-dimethylimidazolidinone (DMI), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and acetonitrile (CH3CN), have been investigated. The viscosity was significantly reduced by the increasing content of polar aprotic solvents, and a 1:1 mixture (molar ratio) of [P1ME][Lys] with DMF showed 91.5 cP which corresponded to less than 1/10 compared to that of the pure IL at 25 °C (1058 cP). The β values of the mixed solvents, which have the IL contents over 0.1, exhibited β-values similar to that of the pure IL. On the other hand, the π-value was dependent on the ratio of the IL content, and the pure IL had the highest π-value. We found that the mixed solvent of [P1ME][Lys] with DMF (1:1) easily dissolved the cellulose and the mixed solvent could be used to extract cellulose from moso bamboo (Phylostachys heterocycla) powder. The efficiency of the extraction of cellulose from the bamboo powder was significantly increased when a 1:1 mixture of the IL with a polar aprotic solvent was used as the extracting solvent at 60 °C; the extraction ratio of the 1:1 mixture (IL: DMF) reached twice that of the pure IL. We thus obtained cellulose in 18% (w/w) yield from the bamboo powder.
AHP CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN ACTION: THE PERUVIAN HOSTAGE CRISIS OF 1996 – 1997 RE-VISITED
Authors: Mu Enrique 
Published: December 2017

The AHP analysis of the Peruvian hostage crisis of 1996-1997 is particularly significant because it was the first, and to my knowledge, only time that an AHP analysis of a hostage situation was done while the events were unfolding (Saaty & Mu, 1997). It shows the power of hierarchical thinking in terms of summarizing a complex crisis into two simple hierarchies of 3 to 4 criteria and 4 alternatives. In addition, this study shows the power of sensitivity analysis to compensate for the lack of experts to estimate the true criteria weights of the parties and, finally, the analysis was completed within the five-week period of the crisis duration and on time to potentially influence the outcome. https://doi.org/10.13033/ijahp.v9i3.517
THE MAGIC OF THE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP)
Authors: Cooper Orrin 
Published: December 2017

Dr. Thomas Saaty developed the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with the underlying goal of making it simple and accessible to the lay user. In Saaty’s own words, the AHP is based on how “ordinary people process information” and “express the strength of their judgments” (Saaty, 1994, p. 37). Because he was successful in developing the AHP in accordance with these goals, when decision makers use the AHP their experience can feel magical as they find pairwise comparisons natural and can relate to the final priorities. Careful investigation of the axioms, theorems, and proofs shows that the AHP is more than just magic and provides scientific justification of the highest order. Five important components of the AHP and some background into the history of its development are summarized and highlighted from Saaty’s article, “How to Make a Decision: the Analytic Hierarchy Process” (Saaty, 1994). https://doi.org/10.13033/ijahp.v9i3.519
THE PROPERTIES OF HUMAN BEING'S DECISION MAKING
Authors: Yoon Min-Suk 
Published: December 2017

In order to honor Thomas Saaty, the developer of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)/ Analytic Network Process (ANP), and focus on the paper he wrote just before he died, this essay mentions the rank order problem due to the addition/deletion of irrelevant alternatives over which there were controversies in the AHP. Saaty ended the controversies with the explanation that both rank preservation and rank reversal are possible depending on the decision making circumstance. In this paper, we will summarize the three properties that fundamentally act on how to prioritize and aggregate the subjective judgments of human beings in ranking alternatives: comparisons, judgmental dependency and rank order. This essay also mentions the rank order in relation to the cases of addition/deletion of irrelevant criteria from previous studies. This essay closes by expressing gratitude to Thomas Saaty for his work. https://doi.org/10.13033/ijahp.v9i3.528
SAATY 1977: THE BUILDING BLOCKS
Authors: Wedley William 
Published: December 2017

Saaty’s 1977 article is his first comprehensive publication of the ideas behind AHP. He reveals his creativity in a new method for ratio measurement that includes pairwise ratio matrices, derived ratio scales from those matrices, and checks on the consistency of data. His ingenuity in using ratio measures is revealed by the use of hierarchical structures to display priorities and then a rescaling of them in a manner that allows synthesis for a composite ratio result. Face validity is provided by many supporting examples and mathematical validity is provided by the solution to many theorems. https://doi.org/10.13033/ijahp.v9i3.532
SEVEN
Authors: Sagir Özdemir Mujgan 
Published: December 2017

The limitations on human performance, especially on processing information, have continuously received attention since Miller’s (1956) seminal article. Thomas L. Saaty added to the body of knowledge with a paper titled, ‘Why the Magic Number Seven Plus or Minus Two’, and this memoir essay summarizes that paper and its main contribution to the literature and science (Saaty & Özdemir, 2003). The paper concludes by supporting the idea that to serve both consistency and redundancy, it is best to keep the number of elements to seven or less, and therefore Miller’s seven plus or minus two is indeed a limit on our ability to process information. Thomas L. Saaty was born on the 7th month of the year and passed away on August 7*2 = 14, 2017.https://doi.org/10.13033/ijahp.v9i3.552
Sensory Behaviors in Minimally Verbal Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: How and When Do Caregivers Respond?
Authors: Harrop Clare , Tu Nicole , Landa Rebecca , Kasier Ann , Kasari Connie 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Sensory behaviors are widely reported in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the impact of these behaviors on families remains largely unknown. This study explored how caregivers of minimally verbal children with ASD responded to their child's sensory behaviors. Using a mixed-methods approach, we examined two variables for each endorsed child behavior: (1) Did the caregiver respond/try to change the behavior? and (2) What response did they employ? Caregivers did not differ in the frequency of responses to hypo- or hyper-responsive behaviors but employed different responses. Caregivers responded to more social sensory behaviors and predominately changed their own behavior in response to their child's. Our findings demonstrate how extensively caregivers adapt to their child's behaviors and vary their response dependent on behavior exhibited.