bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tgf‐alpha protein and receptor localization in laryngotracheal tissue
Authors: King Jonathan D. , Stringer Scott P. , Chegini Nasser , Donnelly William H. , Cassisi Nicholas J. , Schultz Gregory S. 
Published: November 2015

Both Normal Cell Turnover And Healing Of Laryngeal And Tracheal Injuries Involve Cell Migration And Mitosis. The Proteins That Regulate Normal Cell Turnover And Wound Healing In The Larynx And Trachea Have Not Been Established. It Is Possible That Peptide Growth Factors, Such As Transforming Growth Factor‐α (Tgfα) Acting Through Its Receptor (Egf/Tgfα‐R), Participate In The Regulation Of These Processes. To Investigate This Hypothesis, We Analyzed Laryngotracheal Cells For Tgfα Protein And Receptor In Normal And Postwounding Conditions. Tgfα Protein Was Detected By Immunohistochemical Analysis In Normal Ferret Laryngeal And Tracheal Mucosa. Specific Binding To The Egf/Tgfα Receptor In Membrane Homogenates Of Ferret Larynx And Trachea Reached Saturation After 60 Minutes At 37° C, And Was Effectively Displaced By Unlabeled Epidermal Growth Factor (Egf) Or Tgfα, But Not By Unlabeled Insulin, Angiotensin Ii, Or Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor. Scatchard Analysis Of The Specific Binding Indicated The Presence Of High‐Affinity (Kd = 117 Pmol) And Low‐Affinity (Kd = 40 Nmol) Binding Sites. The Maximum Number Of Available Binding Sites Was 73 Fmol/Mg Protein. Localization Of The Egf/Tgfα Receptor By Autoradiographic Analysis Of 125I‐Egf Binding To Sections Of Normal Ferret Larynx And Trachea Revealed Egf/Tgfα Receptors Throughout The Epithelium, With The Highest Grain Density In The Basal Layers. Quantitative Analysis Of Autoradiographic Grain Density Between Normal, Intubated, And Extubated Animals Revealed No Significant Differences. The Presence Of Tgfα Protein And Its Receptor In Normal And Wounded Larynx And Trachea Supports The Hypothesis That These Proteins Are Involved In Regulating Physiologic Responses Of Laryngotracheal Cells.
Hearing loss in infants with craniofacial anomalies
Authors: Hayes Deborah 
Published: November 2015

Results of auditory brainstem response (ABR) evaluation of 145 infants, ages 6 months and younger with craniofacial anomalies (CFA), were examined to determined predicted degree and nature of hearing loss. Approximately 50% of infants demonstrated at least mild bilateral hearing loss. Presence and degree of hearing loss varied by CFA. All infants with bilateral aural atresia exhibited at least a moderate bilateral hearing loss; less than 20% of infants with isolated external ear anomalies (ear tags, isolated microtia) exhibited any degree of hearing loss. In 92% of infants with hearing loss, results of ABR were consistent with primarily conductive dysfunction. Implications for early identification and audiologic management of infants with CFA and hearing loss are discussed.
Total and partial ossicular replacement prostheses in children
Authors: Kessler Alexander , Potsic William P. , Marsh Roger R. 
Published: November 2015

Although ossicular reconstruction in children may carry a risk of failure because of recurrent middle ear disease, the procedure offers the potential for restoring binaural hearing during the school years when it is so critical. Of a series of 45 reconstructions with total and partial ossicular replacement prostheses, 6 were extruded for a surgical success rate of 87%. Of the successful cases, 74% had air‐bone gaps of 30 dB or better, and 74% had speech reception thresholds of 30 dB or better on initial postoperative audiogram. Outcomes for these children were comparable with those reported for adults, supporting the value of early reconstruction.
Lipid Deposition in Different Fiber Types of Skeletal Muscle of Periparturient Dairy Cows
Authors: Roberts C. J. , Turfrey B. A. , Bland A. P. 
Published: November 2015

The intracellular deposition of neutral lipid in skeletal muscle of dairy cows before and after calving has been studied in biopsy samples taken from 72 cows in three herds. The amounts of neutral lipid in individual fibers were estimated using Oil red O-stained sections and an average value was calculated for each fiber type within a sample. Intracellular lipid deposition occurred mainly in type I fibers and reached its highest level one week after calving. The amount of lipid in muscle at this time showed a high correlation with the amount of lipid in liver and with the rate of lipid mobilization from tissue reserves.
The End of Cross-Cultural Relativism
Authors: Etzioni Amitai 
Published: November 2015

Relativism is in retreat on many fronts; it is much less clear what will replace it. One kind of relativism of special importance to international relations is the notion that members of one culture should not “judge” those of others—especially that the West should not pass judgment on the policies and values of other societies. If this facet of unbounded, normative pluralism is waning, too, what will take its place? Such a matter seems rather abstract, but its policy implications are many.
A Study On The Level Of Awareness, Interest And Adoption Of Supply Chain Management (Scm) Packages Among Corporates
Authors: Shajahan S. 
Published: November 2015

A study was conducted by the author among 100 Corporates in Chennai during April and July 2004 for portraying their varying level of awareness, interest and adoption of SCM packages in their business operations. To control the response bias and to increase the reliability of the data, a structured pattern of questions was also used during descriptive survey research. Statistical tests were employed for the data analysis using SPSS. The discriminant function emerged out of the study findings explicitly takes a logistic form that is typical of adoption behaviour of new technology based SCM services in their business operations. Furthermore, the discriminant function designed by the authors signify shift in adoption and ’push’ behaviour and will predict the group membership among current users, future users and non-users of SCM packages by gauging their level of interest and awareness status which was, in turn, measured on a five point scale. The study findings also pointed out the need for a clear business strategy among Corporates who are planning to implement SCM packages within 18 months for experiencing quick business results. Finally the study concluded that awareness and interest levels were the two determinants which separated users from non users of SCM packages among Corporates in Chennai
Sex Role Egalitarianism and Relative Spousal Influence in Household Purchase Decisions
Authors: Agarwal Reeti 
Published: November 2015

Gender roles today are in a state of transition. The different roles being performed by husband and wife in Indian families are no longer confined to the traditional way of thinking. With changes taking place in the status of women through education, employment, etc., the attitude and perception of husbands and wives towards gender roles is getting transformed. These changes in gender role perception are impacting the dynamics of decision making for purchase in Indian families. This paper analyses the effect of sex role egalitarianism of husband and wife on the relative spousal influence across different stages of the decision-making process for buying different categories of products and services. The study was conducted using the survey method. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire from a sample of 400 couples. The findings of the study clearly show that the presence of egalitarian beliefs in the husband or wife increases the influence of the wife in family purchase decisions and vice versa.
HZL Initiatives in Managing Rehabilitation Under Development Project: A Case Study
Authors: Singh Rajesh 
Published: November 2015

The present article illustrates the efforts made by HZL in managing psycho-sociological consequences of displacement on people and subsequent rehabilitation of Rampura Augucha Village, displaced under one of its development projects. An attempt has been made to present the case with the help of the Rehabilitation Model suggested by the author (Singh, 1996). It critically examines achievements made and weaknesses and gaps in the implementation effort. HZL pursued the Project as a planned change effort, designed and implemented appropriate preparedness measures and managing strategies to a great extent. In spite of these sincere efforts, the project suffered from serious limitations such as lack of communication strategy for creating awareness among people about displacement, lack of advance detailed planning resulting in long negotiations period for compensation package, lack of clear-cut responsibilities for maintenance of services and lack of environmental impact assessment resulting in environmental pollution problems. The management of the process highlighted the need for having a national policy on rehabilitation to provide guidelines for its effective management.
From Public to Private Investment Based Development Strategy: Understanding the Process, Policies and Effects of the Paradigm Shift
Authors: Raju Sunitha 
Published: November 2015

This paper analyses India’s Industrial transition from a protectionist to a liberalised regime. As such, the analysis is for two time periods, namely, the Pre and the Post Reform periods. Given the broad development objectives, the focus of the analysis is on examining the policy framework and its effect on the industrialisation process. At the sectoral level, the relative roles of the public and the private sectors have been analysed in terms of their investment behaviour and performance. Even though there has been evidence of positive efficiency gains in the post reform period, this paper argues that economic liberalisation in India has been primarily reactionary in nature, without any long term development agenda. Contrary to the general belief that economic liberalism would diminish the role of the State, the paper argues that the role of the State needs to be redefined. Considering our development needs, the State should concentrate on designing appropriate policies for regulating private sector instead of actively participating in commercial activities, develop rural infrastructure for greater employment opportunities; and strengthen the social security systems.
Rethinking trade unionism: Union renewal as transition
Authors: Fairbrother Peter 
Published: November 2015

AbstractUnion renewal has been the subject of debate over the last two decades. Via a review of these debates, a revision of the union renewal thesis is presented, suggesting that union renewal should be examined as a process of transition. Three analytic dimensions of renewal are identified and presented, each arising out of a consideration of the debates: union organisation, union capacity and union purpose. The proposition is that an understanding of contemporary unionism involves a consideration of the ways renewal involves a multi-faceted transition in relation to the political economy of trade unionism. The way to understand this characterisation is to reconsider theories about unions in terms of a dialectic, addressing the inter-relationships and integration of union organisation, capacities and purpose.
Barriers of Palliative Care in Neonatal Intensive Care Units
Authors: Azzizadeh Forouzi Mansooreh , Banazadeh Marjan , Ahmadi Jila Soltan , Razban Farideh 
Published: November 2015

Objective: Neonatal nurses face numerous barriers in providing end-of-life (EOL) care for neonates and their families. Addressing neonatal nurses’ attitudes could provide insight into barriers that impede neonatal palliative care (NPC). This study thus conducted to examine neonatal nurses’ attitude toward barriers in providing NPC in Southeast Iran. Method: In this cross-sectional study, a translated modified version of Neonatal Palliative Care Attitude Scale was used to examine attitudes of 70 nurses toward barriers of palliative care in 3 neonatal intensive care units in Southeast Iran. Results: Findings indicated that overall 42.63% of nurses were strongly agreed or agreed with the proposed barriers in NPC. Among all categories, the highest and the lowest scores belonged to the categories of “insufficient resources” (3.42 ± 0.65) and “inappropriate personal and social attitudes” (2.33 ± 0.48), respectively. Neonatal nurses who had less education and study regarding NPC reported the presence of more barriers to NPC in the categories of “inappropriate organizational culture” and/or “inadequate nursing proficiency.” Also, younger nurses had more positive attitudes toward the category of inappropriate organizational culture as being a barrier to provision of NPC (4.62). Conclusion: The findings suggest that developing a context-based instrument is required to represent the barrier more precisely. Neonatal palliative care can be improved by establishing a special environment to focus on infants’ EOL care. This establishment requires standard palliative care guidelines and adequate NPC-trained nurses.
Position of the Distal Fibular Fragment in Pronation and Supination Ankle Fractures: A CT Evaluation
Authors: Tang Chris W. , Roidis Nikolaos , Vaishnav Suketu , Patel Anand , Thordarson David B. 
Published: November 2015

Background: Although classically the fibula has been reported to be in external rotation after supination-external rotation (SER) or pronation-external rotation (PER) ankle fractures, a previous CT study demonstrated that what had traditionally been interpreted as external rotation of the distal fibular fracture fragment is actually internal rotation of the proximal fibular fragment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a series of CT scans in patients who have suffered type IV SER or PER ankle fractures to assess the rotational deformity of the fibular fragment. Materials and Methods: CT scans of the injured and uninjured extremities were performed on 30 extremities which had sustained either SER (21) or PER (9) injuries. The rotational relationship between the tibia and fibula was determined by a measured rotational ratio. A qualitative assessment of the rotational relationship between the tibia and fibula above, at, and below the fracture site at the level of the mortise was also performed. The difference in the ratio (calculated by subtracting the rotation ratio of the normal side from the fracture side) demonstrated whether the fractured fibula is externally or internally rotated compared to the uninjured side. Results: The average rotational ratio difference above the fracture compared to below the fracture for the SER group demonstrated significant external rotation ( p < .001). The PER fracture also demonstrated external rotation of the distal fragment compared to the proximal fragment ( p = .002). Additionally, qualitative assessment of the relationship demonstrated no obvious change in the rotational relationship in any patient above the fracture site except one where mild internal rotation of the proximal fragment was noted. However, at the level of the mortise, all had a normal talofibular rotational relationship while 24 of 30 had widening of the medial clear space with external rotation clearly evident on 15 of these 24 scans. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that the distal fibular fragment in both SER and PER fractures is externally rotated relative to both the contralateral normal side and compared to the proximal fibular fragment.
Australia: A Community-Based Programme for the Gifted
Authors: Pirozzo Ralph 
Published: November 2015

The curriculum required by the gifted is frequently described as qualitatively different. The underlying philosophical assumption is that the gifted child's intellectual ability does not respond to boring and repetitive curriculum tasks. Yet, there are major problems in planning and implementing a differentiated programme for these children due to negative attitudes toward the gifted, limited teachers' expertize in certain subject areas, and lack of school materials. These negative attitudinal factors represent the major obstacle to programming for the gifted because their needs are the lowest priority in most school systems. These negative societal attitudes stem from the public's equation of gifted education with notions of genetic superiority and the establishment of an elite class. Thus, whenever schools are unable/unwilling to provide for these children's needs, the community has an obligation to ensure that these children are provided with programmes that will enable them to achieve at their highest levels. It becomes evident that all available learning resoures must be tapped to enrich and extend these children. Community support is particularly appropriate because it encourages the community to become actively involved in the enhancement of its most valuable natural resource, its bright children. As well, this enables youngsters to interact with practising experts who are willing to share their specialized knowledge and their familiarity with the demands of various professions and occupations. Since 1979, I have demonstrated the feasibility of this notion through my involvement in a community-based enrichment programme. This article describes a rationale for the implementation of a community-based programme and details the procedures used to keep this programme functioning for the last five years.
Guest Houses: The Emergence of a New Tourist Accommodation Type in the Southc African Tourism Industry
Authors: Visser Gustav , Van Huyssteen Konrad 
Published: November 2015

Abstract This paper investigates the recent proliferation of guest houses in the Western Cape Province, South Africa's premier tourist destination. Responding to changing tourist preferences and local dynamics, guest houses appear to have found a niche in the tourist accommodation market left vacant by the nature of developments in the country's hotel industry. Despite this rapid expansion little is known about this industry. Consequently, this paper seeks to address the virtual absence of scholarly research on this topic. The paper examines the guest house entrepreneur, the guest house visitor and the economic impact of the industry on the local economy, concluding with suggestions for further research.
Planning for Daylight
Authors: Walsh John W. T. 
Published: November 2015

This paper summarises the progress which has been made during recent years, particularly as regards the predetermination of daylight factors and international agreement on a standard of inadequacy for daylighting. The use of the “no-sky line” as a measure of inadequacy is described. In planning for such buildings as large blocks of offices or multiple dwellings in built-up areas, it is pointed out that there are two fundamental matters to be considered, viz., the drafting of building regulations to secure a share of daylight for every building in the area and the designing of buildings to make the best use of this daylight. The development of an island site on a cruciform plan possesses considerable advantage from the point of view of daylight. Windows must be of adequate height. The access of direct sunlight to buildings is of great importance and the erection of balconies immediately above window heads should be avoided. The paper concludes with a series of recommendations.
The Colour of Fluorescent Lamps
Authors: Harrison W. 
Published: November 2015

The relation between the spectral distribution and colour rendering quality of illuminants is discussed with particular reference to the spectral distribution differences which can be experienced with white fluorescent lamps. Because of the subjective nature of colour appreciation, factors such as colour preferences and colour contrasts are of great importance in fluorescent lamp colour design. The respective functions of chromaticity co-ordinates and spectral band measurements are indicated. The colour of a fluorescent lamp itself can be accurately specified by its C.I.E. co-ordinates, and tolerances of any desired magnitude can readily be fixed. For an adequate specification of the colour rendering quality, however, it is necessary that the spectral distribution be known. Eight spectral-band and chromaticity co-ordinate data are given for the principal phosphors employed in fluorescent lamps. A brief survey of the colours of natural daylight and incandescent light is included. Reasons are given favouring the design of fluorescent lamp colours for general lighting service on the purple side of the black body locus, as evidenced in the Warm White and Natural lamps. Recent developments in the application of fluorescent lamps to colour matching include fluorescent lamps with approximately 6,500deg.K black body spectral distribution and mixtures of blue fluorescent and incandescent light.
Floodlighting
Authors: Ackerley R. O. 
Published: November 2015

Floodlighting is defined as “the lighting, usually by projection, of the whole of a scene or object to a level considerably greater than that of its surroundings.” The paper deals mainly with the application of floodlighting out of doors with particular reference to the spectacular floodlighting of buildings. Satisfactory floodlighting depends on effective light control and the equipment used must, therefore, be well designed optically so that the engineer can choose from a range of equipment a unit appropriate to any normal requirement of beam shape and length of throw. Floodlighting equipment has to operate in all weathers and often in relatively inaccessible positions. It must, therefore, be robust, watertight, capable of dissipating the heat from the lamps and easy to maintain. The application of such equipment in an installation involves consideration of factors which are as much artistic as physical. The determination of the direction from which the main floodlighting should be directed involves consideration of the angle from which the object is most likely to be viewed as well as the nature of any architectural features and the depth of shadow they will cast. It often involves compromise on account of the practical limitations imposed by the facilities available. Supplementary lighting can be used to emphasise special features, to introduce highlights or to fill in gaps in the main lighting caused by local obstructions. The level of illumination required depends upon a number of factors including the function of the building. Coloured light sources can sometimes be used with advantage. After analysing a typical installation in some detail, possible fields of floodlighting are discussed in the paper including the lighting of gardens, fountains, etc., as well as more utilitarian industrial applications.
The Measurement of Sector Flux
Authors: Einhorn H. D. , Ackerman K. R. 
Published: November 2015

“Sector Flux” is a new concept proposed for the theoretical treatment of long linear sources, such as fluorescent lamps mounted end to end. Its measurement is discussed and a method employing parallel mirrors is described. This treatment permits prediction of the light distribution from linear installations, based on measurements made on a single fitting in the laboratory.
The Lighting of Shipyards
Authors: McCulloch J. S. 
Published: November 2015

For examining the artificial lighting of a shipyard, the requirements are divided into those of: (i) Interior lighting, (ii) Lighting of outside areas, and (iii) Lighting of building berths. The sequence of operations in shipbuilding is shown on a chart and a description is given of the type of work carried out in various shops concerned with the preparation of material for the building of the ships on the berths. Typical lighting installations are described and the recommended illumination values are stated. In addition to the workshops, the working area of a shipyard consists of large outside areas and the problems which have arisen in providing artificial lighting for these areas are discussed.