bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of leptin concentrations and other maternal characteristics on gestational weight gain is different according to pre‐gestational BMI: results from a prospective cohort
Authors: Franco‐Sena AB , Rebelo F , Pinto TJP , Farias DR , Silveira GE , Mendes RH , Henriques VT , Kac G 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of leptin and other selected variables on gestational weight gain (GWG) according to pre‐gestational body mass index (BMI).DesignProspective cohort.SettingPublic Health Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.SampleTwo hundred and twenty‐eight pregnant women.MethodsWomen were followed at the 5–13, 20–26 and 30–36th gestational weeks. The effects of independent variables on GWG in normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m2) and obese (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) women were assessed using longitudinal linear mixed‐effects models.Main outcome measureMaternal body weight (kg) throughout pregnancy.ResultsLeptin concentrations were associated with GWG in normal weight (β = 0.048, P < 0.001) and overweight (β = 0.023, P = 0.048) women, but not in obese ones (β = 0.011, P = 0.308). Additionally, the number of hours slept per night decreased the effect of leptin on GWG in OW women (β = −0.013, P = 0.002). The effect of other maternal characteristics on GWG was different depending on the BMI category.ConclusionsLeptin concentrations were positively associated with GWG in normal weight and overweight women, but not in obese ones. Maternal height was associated with GWG in all BMI categories, but other variables such as sleep duration, QUICKI values, HDL‐c, smoking habit and marital status presented differential effects according to BMI. We encourage further studies to investigate the association between leptin and gestational weight gain, taking into account the pre‐pregnancy weight and sleep duration, in order to compare and confirm our results.Tweetable abstractLeptin is associated with weight gain in normal weight and overweight pregnant women, but not in obese ones.
From capacity to sovereignty: Legislative politics and differentiated integration in the European Union
Authors: WINZEN THOMAS 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe literature suggests that legislative politics among European Union Member States is characterised by economic exchanges, and constrained by the social norms of a European community of legislators. Both views draw a clear line between the legislative process and the conflicts over sovereignty that have left their mark on treaty making and European public opinion since the 1990s. This article suggests revisiting this view, based on an analysis of why Member States have opted out of legislation from the 1970s to today. It argues that differentiation, while once a response to capacity problems of relatively poor countries, has recently become driven by sovereignty concerns of the Union's wealthy and nationally oriented Members that oppose the EU's intrusion into core state powers. The article presents evidence for the impact on legislative outcomes of factors so far thought not to matter. The results indicate greater European‐level legislative responsiveness towards national sovereignty demands than previously recognised. They underline that the nature of European politics has been changing with the EU's push into core state powers.
Different Oils and Health Benefit Statements Affect Physicochemical Properties, Consumer Liking, Emotion, and Purchase Intent: A Case of Sponge Cake
Authors: Poonnakasem Naratip , Pujols Kairy Dharali , Chaiwanichsiri Saiwarun , Laohasongkram Kalaya , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon 
Published: December 2015

AbstractEffects of different oils on physicochemical properties, consumer liking, emotion, and purchase intent of sponge cakes were evaluated. Three healthy oils (extra virgin coconut oil, EVCO; extra virgin olive oil, EVOO; rice bran oil, RBO) compared with butter (the control), were used at 20% (w/w, wheat flour basis) in sponge cake formulations. Five positive (calm, good, happy, pleased, satisfied) and 3 negative (guilty, unsafe, worried) emotion terms, selected from the EsSense Profile® with slight modification using an online (N = 234) check‐all‐that‐apply questionnaire, were used for consumer testing. Consumers (N = 148) evaluated acceptability of 9 sensory attributes on a 9‐point hedonic scale, 8 emotion responses on a 5‐point rating scale, and purchase intent on a binomial scale. Overall liking, emotion, and purchase intent were evaluated before compared with after health benefit statement of oils had been given to consumers. Overall liking and positive emotion (except calm) scores of sponge cake made with EVCO were higher than those made with EVOO and RBO. Specific volume, expansion ratio, and moisture content of control, EVCO, and EVOO were not significantly different, but higher than RBO sponge cake. JAR results showed that sponge cake made with RBO had the least softness that was reflected by the highest hardness (6.61 to 9.69 compared with. 12.76N). Oil (EVCO/EVOO/RBO) health benefit statement provided to consumer significantly increased overall liking, positive emotion, and purchase intent scores while decreased negative emotion scores. Overall liking and pleased emotion were critical attributes influencing purchase intent (odds ratio = 2.06 to 3.75), whereas calm and happy became not critical after health benefit statement had been given.
Characteristics of youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) with and without a parent with T1D in the T1D exchange clinic registry
Authors: Fox Larry A. , Mubasher Mohamed , Wolfsdorf Joseph I. , Buckingham Bruce A. , Peters Anne L. , Tamborlane William V. , Schatz Desmond A. , Maahs David M. , Miller Kellee M. , Beck Roy W. ,   for the T1D Exchange Clinic Network
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to compare characteristics and diabetes management in children and adolescents with and without at least one parent with type 1 diabetes (T1D).MethodsIn all, 12 890 participants aged <18 years at enrollment in the T1D Exchange Registry were included in the present study. Statistical comparisons between those with and without parental T1D were conducted using a univariate generalized linear mixed model.ResultsOf the study participants, 1056 (8.2%) registrants had at least one parent with T1D. Those with parental T1D were slightly, albeit significantly, younger (6.3 vs 6.9 years; P < 0.001) and less likely to have diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at diagnosis (24% vs 41%; P < 0.001) than those without parental T1D. There were no differences between groups in HbA1c, use of continuous glucose monitoring or insulin pump therapy, or the development of severe hypoglycemia or DKA. In addition, there were no differences found when comparing characteristics or diabetes management in those with a mother versus those with a father with T1D.ConclusionsChildren and adolescents with parental T1D tend to be diagnosed earlier. Diabetes management, glycemic control, and acute complications are similar in those with and without parental T1D.
What Role Can the G20 Play in Global Energy Governance? Implications for China's Presidency
Authors: Andrews‐Speed Philip , Shi Xunpeng 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe prevailing architecture of global energy governance is fragmented, uncoordinated and failing to yield the required outcomes. This article examines the argument that the Group of 20 (G20) can provide a leadership role to improve the quality of global energy governance. Energy has characteristics of a global public good and the energy system resembles a complex adaptive system. These observations imply that the global governance of energy should be polycentric and this, in turn, entails a high level of coordination and trust between governing actors. Clubs and networks are institutions that can usefully enhance coordination and trust. In this respect, the G20 can be seen as a club at the hub of networks that can play a key role in improving the global governance of energy and China's presidency of the G20 in 2016 provides a unique opportunity for the G20 to prove its worth.
Boxing and Martial Arts Company, A Tax Case
Authors: Mindzak Justin , Zeng Tao 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA tax case is developed examining a private Canadian sports company. This case simulates a real‐world start‐up company in the area of Canadian Controlled Private Corporation taxation. The client, Boxing and Martial Arts Co., is a medium‐sized, rapidly growing sports promotion business. It operates in an environment where cash payments are common, especially towards foreign workers. Students must research issues involving tax deductions and revenue recognition. The learning objectives include: reinforcing taxation concepts that most students learn in introductory courses (i.e., revenue recognition, allowable business expenses) as well as improving students’ tax research skills for more complex issues (e.g., international tax treaties).
Methods for sampling sequential annual bone growth layers for stable isotope analysis
Authors: Turner Tomaszewicz Calandra N. , Seminoff Jeffrey A. , Avens Larisa , Kurle Carolyn M. 
Published: December 2015

Summary

Stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope analysis (SIA) has proven useful in addressing fundamental questions in ecology such as reconstructing trophic interactions, habitat connections and climate regime shifts. The temporal scales over which SIA can be used to address ecological problems vary depending on the protein turnover times of the analysed tissue. Hard, inert tissues, such as teeth, bones and mollusc shells, grow in regular intervals (i.e. daily or annually), and sequential sampling of these growth layers provides a time series of isotopic patterns. As a result, SIA on these tissues is useful for elucidating behaviour and ecology of animals over time, especially those with cryptic life‐history stages, such as marine turtles that retain growth layers in their humerus bones. To date, there exists no standard protocol for the sequential sampling of cortical bone samples taken from fresh, modern samples for SIA.

We tested two different methods, micromilling untreated bone cross sections and biopsy coring bone cross sections processed for skeletochronology, for sequentially sampling individual growth layers from marine turtle humerus bones.

We present a standard protocol for sequential bone growth layer sampling for SIA, facilitating direct comparison of future studies. We recommend using the micromilling sampling technique on untreated bone cross sections, as it facilitated higher precision sampling of growth layers that were not affected by chemical processing, and minimized sample handling, thereby reducing chances for contamination.

This is the first study to present a standardized method to sequentially sample annual bone growth layers for stable isotope analysis and facilitates direct comparison among future studies.
A pedigree gone bad: increased offspring survival after using DNA‐based relatedness to minimize inbreeding in a captive population
Authors: Hammerly S. C. , de la Cerda D. A. , Bailey H. , Johnson J. A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCaptive breeding programs often use a pedigree to identify breeding pairs that maintain genetic diversity and limit inbreeding. However, unintentional breeding of closely related individuals can occur when errors exist in the pedigree and may subsequently result in inbreeding depression. In this study, a DNA‐based approach was used to identify parentage assignment errors in the captive pedigree of the critically endangered Attwater's prairie‐chicken Tympanuchus cupido attwateri, and tested whether clutch survival increased using DNA‐relatedness values for assigning breeding pairs instead of the pedigree and mean kinship. Parentage assignment error was observed in each year surveyed ranging from 2.4 to 7.3%. After correcting identified errors prior to the 2013 breeding season, 11 of 38 assigned pedigree‐based breeding pairs still possessed DNA‐based relatedness coefficients (rDNA) ≥0.125 suggesting that additional errors remained in the pedigree. Two approaches were used to prevent breeding among close relatives in 2013 and 2014. Assigned pedigree‐based breeding pairs in 2013 that possessed rDNA ≥0.125 were reassigned unrelated breeding partners, while all individuals in 2014 were used to identify the minimum overall rDNA for the breeding population without reference to the pedigree other than to verify founder representation. Both years resulted in a significant reduction in mean parental relatedness among chicks (P < 0.001) and a significant increase in the proportion of the clutch surviving to 5 weeks post‐hatch (P ≤ 0.006) compared to 2012 when breeding pairs were assigned using only the pedigree. No significant difference in the proportion of the clutch surviving was observed between 2013 and 2014 (P > 0.300). These results have important implications for the captive management of endangered species, and highlight the importance of periodically evaluating for pedigree errors. To what degree pedigree errors limit fitness in other endangered species captive populations deserves further attention.
The opioid peptide beta‐endorphin stimulates acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa
Authors: Urizar‐Arenaza I. , Estomba H. , Muñoa‐Hoyos I. , Matorras R. , Esposito A. , Candenas L. , Pinto F. M. , Valdivia A. , Irazusta J. , Subirán N. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThe acrosome reaction occurs in vivo following sperm capacitation and is essential for the acquisition of sperm fertilization ability. However, little is known about the molecular identity of the physiological acrosome reaction regulators. In addition to progesterone, which is produced by cumulus oophorus cells and known to regulate acrosome reaction by activating the specific calcium channel CatSper, endogenous opioid peptides such as beta‐endorphin and met‐enkephalin are present at high concentrations in the follicular fluid suggesting that the opioid system may be involved in the mechanisms regulating the acrosome reaction in humans. By using Reverse Transcription‐PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence approaches, we described the presence and localization of the beta‐endorphin precursor, pro‐opiomelanocortinin the middle section and in flagellum of human spermatozoa, and inside the seminiferous tubules of human testis. Flow cytometry and intracellular calcium analyses showed that beta‐endorphin causes an inversely dose‐dependent increase in the percentage of acrosome‐reacted sperm cells by a calcium‐independent protein kinase C pathway. These findings are important for future studies of sperm physiology and provide new insight into the function of the opioid system as a target of fertility management.
Polymorphous granular cells in the lung of the primitive fish, the bichir Polypterus senegalus
Authors: Zaccone Daniele , Icardo Jose Manuel , Kuciel Michał , Alesci Alessio , Pergolizzi Simona , Satora Leszek , Lauriano Eugenia Rita , Zaccone Giacomo 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis study describes the distribution and the coexpression of specific neurochemical markers in both neuroendocrine‐like cells (NEC‐like) and polymorphous granular cells (PGCs) that populate the mucociliated epithelium of the lung in the air‐breathing fish Polypterus senegalus, using confocal immunohistochemistry. Using confocal immunohistochemistry, we determined the coexpression of specific neurochemical markers. Colocalization studies showed that 5HT is coexpressed with calbindin and nNOS and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) is coexpressed with nNOS in the PGCs. This study also shows for the first time the simultaneous occurrence of piscidin 1 and 5HT in the PGCs. The function of these cells being equivalent to ones found in fish gill subepithelial parenchyma is still not known. Due to the importance of piscidin 1 in local immune defence, more research is to be useful to understand a possible interaction of PGCs with immune response in the bichir lung. In fact, the capacity of PGCs to produce NO and other neuroactive substances found in immune cells of fish may represent a primitive form of immunoregulation of innate immunity and specifically antimicrobial function as NO induction and respiratory burst activity are correlated with immune response.
The effect of LCZ696 (sacubitril/valsartan) on amyloid‐β concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid in healthy subjects
Authors: Langenickel Thomas H. , Tsubouchi Chiaki , Ayalasomayajula Surya , Pal Parasar , Valentin Marie‐Anne , Hinder Markus , Jhee Stanford , Gevorkyan Hakop , Rajman Iris 
Published: December 2015

AimsLCZ696 (angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor) is a novel drug developed for the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Neprilysin is one of multiple enzymes degrading amyloid‐β (Aβ). Its inhibition may increase Aβ levels. The potential exists that treatment of LCZ696, through the inhibition of neprilysin by LBQ657 (an LCZ696 metabolite), may result in accumulation of Aβ. The aim of this study was to assess the blood–brain‐barrier penetration of LBQ657 and the potential effects of LCZ696 on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of Aβ isoforms in healthy human volunteers.MethodsIn a double‐blind, randomized, parallel group, placebo‐controlled study, healthy subjects received once daily LCZ696 (400 mg, n = 21) or placebo (n = 22) for 14 days.ResultsLCZ696 had no significant effect on CSF AUEC(0,36 h) of the aggregable Aβ species 1–42 or 1–40 compared with placebo (estimated treatment ratios 0.98 [95% CI 0.73, 1.34; P = 0.919] and 1.05 [95% CI 0.82, 1.34; P = 0.702], respectively). A 42% increase in CSF AUEC(0,36 h) of soluble Aβ 1–38 was observed (estimated treatment ratio 1.42 [95% CI 1.05, 1.91; P = 0.023]). CSF levels of LBQ657 and CSF Aβ 1–42, 1–40, and 1–38 concentrations were not related (r2 values 0.022, 0.010, and 0.008, respectively).ConclusionsLCZ696 did not cause changes in CSF levels of aggregable Aβ isoforms (1–42 and 1–40) compared with placebo, despite achieving CSF concentrations of LBQ657 sufficient to inhibit neprilysin. The clinical relevance of the increase in soluble CSF Aβ 1–38 is currently unknown.
Involvement of CC Chemokine Receptor 1 and CCL3 in Acute and Chronic Inflammatory Pain in Mice
Authors: Llorián‐Salvador María , González‐Rodríguez Sara , Lastra Ana , Fernández‐García María Teresa , Hidalgo Agustín , Menéndez Luis , Baamonde Ana 
Published: December 2015

AbstractChemokines are chemotactic cytokines whose involvement in nociceptive processing is being increasingly recognized. Based on the previous description of the involvement of CC chemokine receptor type 1 (CCR1) in pathological pain, we have assessed the participation of CCR1 and its endogenous ligands CCL3 and CCL5 in hyperalgesia and allodynia in mice after acute inflammation with carrageenan and chronic inflammation with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). The subcutaneous administration of the CCR1 antagonist J113863 (3–30 mg/kg; 30 min. before) dose dependently inhibited carrageenan‐ and CFA‐evoked thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia produced by CFA, but not by carrageenan. The maximal dose of J113863 did not modify the increase in paw thickness induced by carrageenan or CFA. An almost ten times augmentation of CCL3 levels was detected by ELISA assays in both carrageenan and CFA paws, but not in spinal cords of inflamed mice, whereas CCL5 concentrations remained unaltered. Accordingly, a marked increase of CCL3 mRNA expression was observed in inflamed paws, with CCL3 protein detected in neutrophils and macrophages by immunohistochemical experiments. The intraplantar administration of an anti‐CCL3 antibody (0.3–3 μg) blocked thermal hyperalgesia in carrageenan‐ and CFA‐inflamed mice as well as CFA‐evoked mechanical allodynia. Our data suggest that the increased concentrations of CCL3 present in inflamed tissues can be involved in acute and chronic inflammatory hyperalgesia as well as in chronic mechanical allodynia, and that these hypernociceptive symptoms can be counteracted by its neutralization with an antibody or by the blockade of CCR1 receptors.
Galanin inhibits GLP‐1 and GIP secretion via the GAL1 receptor in enteroendocrine L and K cells
Authors: Psichas Arianna , Glass Leslie L , Sharp Stephen J , Reimann Frank , Gribble Fiona M 
Published: December 2015

Background and PurposeGalanin is a widely expressed neuropeptide, which in the gut is thought to modulate gastrointestinal motility and secretion. We aimed to elucidate the poorly characterised mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effect of galanin and the potential involvement of G‐protein coupled inwardly rectifying potassium, Kir3, (GIRK) channels in glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) and glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) secretion.Experimental ApproachPurified murine L and K cells were analysed for expression of galanin receptors and GIRK subunits. Hormone secretion was measured from primary murine intestinal cultures. Intracellular cAMP was monitored in primary L cells derived from mice expressing the Epac2camps sensor under the control of the proglucagon promoter.Key ResultsGalanin receptor 1 (GAL1, Galr1) and GIRK channel 1 (Kir3.1, Kcnj3) and 4 (Kir3.4, Kcnj5) mRNA expression was highly enriched in K and L cells. Galanin and a selective GAL1 receptor agonist (M617) potently inhibited GLP‐1 and GIP secretion from primary small intestinal cultures. In L cells, galanin significantly inhibited the forskolin‐induced cAMP response. The GIRK1/4 activator ML297 significantly reduced glucose‐stimulated and IBMX‐stimulated GLP‐1 secretion but had no effect on GIP. The GIRK blocker tertiapin‐Q did not impair galanin‐mediated GLP‐1 inhibition.Conclusions and ImplicationsGalanin, acting via the GAL1 receptor and Gi‐coupled signalling in L and K cells, is a potent inhibitor of GLP‐1 and GIP secretion. Although GIRK1/4 channels are expressed in these cells, their activation does not appear to play a major role in galanin‐mediated inhibition of incretin secretion.