bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Waist‐to‐height ratio is independently related to whole and central body fat, regardless of the waist circumference measurement protocol, in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease patients
Authors: Pimenta N. M. , Cortez‐Pinto H. , Melo X. , Silva‐Nunes J. , Sardinha L. B. , Santa‐Clara H. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundWaist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR) has been reported as a preferable risk related body fat (BF) marker, although no standardised waist circumference measurement protocol (WCmp) has been proposed. The present study aimed to investigate whether the use of a different WCmp affects the strength of relationship between WHtR and both whole and central BF in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients.MethodsBF was assessed with dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 28 NAFLD patients [19 males, mean (SD) 51 (13) years and nine females, 47 (13) years]. All subjects also underwent anthropometric evaluation including height and waist circumference (WC) measurement using four different WCmp (WC1, minimal waist; WC2, iliac crest; WC3, mid‐distance between iliac crest and lowest rib; WC4, at the umbilicus) and WHtR was calculated using each WC measurements (WHtR1, WHtR2, WHtR3 and WHtR4, respectively). Partial correlations were conducted to assess the relation of WHtR and DXA assessed BF.ResultsAll WHtR were particularly correlated with central BF, including abdominal BF (r = 0.80, r = 0.84, r = 0.84 and r = 0.78, respectively, for WHtR1, WHtR2, WHtR3 and WHtR4) and central abdominal BF (r = 0.72, r = 0.77, r = 0.76 and r = 0.71, respectively, for WHtR1, WHtR2, WHtR3 and WHtR4), after controlling for age, sex and body mass index. There were no differences between the correlation coefficients obtained between all studied WHtR and each whole and central BF variable.ConclusionsWaist‐to‐height ratio was found a suitable BF marker in the present sample of NAFLD patients and the strength of the relationship between WHtR and both whole and central BF was not altered by using different WCmp in the present sample of NAFLD patients.
Unaltered Hypothalamic Metabolic Gene Expression in Kiss1r Knockout Mice Despite Obesity and Reduced Energy Expenditure
Authors: De Bond Julie‐Ann P. , Tolson Kristen P. , Nasamran Chanond , Kauffman Alexander S. , Smith Jeremy T. 
Published: September 2016

Kisspeptin controls reproduction by stimulating gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone neurones via its receptor Kiss1r. Kiss1r is also expressed other brain areas and in peripheral tissues, suggesting additional nonreproductive roles. We recently determined that Kiss1r knockout (KO) mice develop an obese and diabetic phenotype. In the present study, we investigated whether Kiss1r KOs develop this metabolic phenotype as a result of alterations in the expression of metabolic genes involved in the appetite regulating system of the hypothalamus, including neuropeptide Y (Npy) and pro‐opiomelanocortin (Pomc), as well as leptin receptor (Lepr), ghrelin receptor (Ghsr), and melanocortin receptors 3 and 4 (Mc3r, Mc4r). Body weights, leptin levels and hypothalamic gene expression were measured in both gonad‐intact and gonadectomised (GNX) mice at 8 and 20 weeks of age that had received either normal chow or a high‐fat diet. We detected significant increases in Pomc expression in gonad‐intact Kiss1r KO mice at 8 and 20 weeks, although there were no alterations in the other metabolic‐related genes. However, the Pomc increases appeared to reflect genotype differences in circulating sex steroids, because GNX wild‐type and Kiss1r KO mice exhibited similar Pomc levels, along with similar Npy levels. The altered Pomc gene expression in gonad‐intact Kiss1r KO mice is consistent with previous reports of reduced food intake in these mice and may serve to increase the anorexigenic drive, perhaps compensating for the obese state. However, the surprising overall lack of changes in any of the hypothalamic metabolic genes in GNX KO mice suggests that the aetiology of obesity in the absence of kisspeptin signalling may reflect peripheral rather than central metabolic impairments.
The feeling of discomfort during vaginal examination, history of abuse and sexual abuse and post‐traumatic stress disorder in women
Authors: Güneş Gizem , Karaçam Zekiye 
Published: September 2016

Aims and objectivesTo examine the feeling of discomfort during vaginal examinations, history of abuse and sexual abuse and post‐traumatic stress disorder in women to determine the correlation between these variables.BackgroundWomen who have experienced abuse or sexual abuse may feel more discomfort during vaginal examinations and may perceive a sensation similar to what they experienced during sexual abuse.DesignCross‐sectional.MethodsThis study included 320 women receiving a vaginal examination. The data were collected using a questionnaire composed of items related to descriptive characteristics, vaginal examinations and violence, a visual analogue scale of discomfort, and the Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder Scale‐civilian version.ResultsThe mean score for the feeling of discomfort during vaginal examinations was 3·92 ± 3·34; 26·3% of the women described discomfort. Thirty‐eight (12%) of the 320 women had experienced emotional violence, 25 (8%) had experienced physical violence, and 25 (8%) had been forced into sexual intercourse by their spouses. Of the women, 64·7% suffered from post‐traumatic stress disorder, and physical, emotional and sexual violence were found to increase the possibility of this disorder. Exposure to emotional violence increased the possibility of discomfort during vaginal examinations by 4·5 (OR = 4·482; 95% CI = 1·421–14·134). Post‐traumatic stress disorder (OR = 1·038; 95% CI = 1·009–1·066) was found to increase the possibility of discomfort during vaginal examinations; however, as the number of live births increases, women reported a reduction in their discomfort with vaginal examinations.ConclusionThis study revealed a positive correlation between discomfort during vaginal examinations and emotional violence and post‐traumatic stress disorder but a negative correlation between discomfort during vaginal examinations and the number of live births. In addition, having a history of abuse and sexual abuse was found to increase post‐traumatic stress disorder.Relevance to clinical practiceConsidering these findings during vaginal examinations may help change women's experiences for the positive and reduce the trauma, this procedure may cause.
Unveiling self‐harm behaviour: what can social media site Twitter tell us about self‐harm? A qualitative exploration
Authors: Emma Hilton Charlotte 
Published: September 2016

Aims and objectivesTo report the findings from a unique analysis of naturally occurring data regarding self‐harm behaviour generated through the global social media site, Twitter.BackgroundSelf‐harm behaviours are of global concern for health and social care practice. However, little is known about the experiences of those who harm and the attitudes of the general public towards such behaviours. A deeper, richer and more organic understanding of this is vital to informing global approaches to supporting individuals through treatment and recovery.DesignExploratory, qualitative design.MethodsThree hundred and sixty‐two Twitter messages were subject to inductive thematic analysis.ResultsFive themes were identified: (1) celebrity influence, (2) self‐harm is not a joke (with subthemes of you wouldn't laugh if you loved me and you think it's funny, I think it's cruel), (3) support for and from others, (4) eating disorders and self‐harm and (5) videos and personal stories.ConclusionsThe findings indicate that self‐harm behaviour continues to be largely misunderstood by the general public and is often the source of ridicule which may contribute to delays in accessing treatment. Whilst Twitter may also provide a source of valuable support for those who self‐harm, the sense of community, relatedness and understanding generated by such support may contribute to normalising self‐harm and perpetuating the behaviours.Relevance to clinical practiceOur understanding of the complexity of and aetiology and most effective treatment options for self‐harm behaviours is still unclear. The findings demonstrate that there is a critical opportunity to conduct further qualitative research to better understand self‐harm and to use these valuable and internationally relevant data to support the development of effective public education campaigns and personally tailored treatment options.
Fish consumption and all‐cause mortality in a cohort of Swedish men and women
Authors: Bellavia A. , Larsson S. C. , Wolk A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiological studies of fish consumption and all‐cause mortality have provided inconsistent results.ObjectiveWe examined the dose–response association between fish consumption and mortality from all causes in a large population‐based cohort of Swedish men and women.MethodsThe study included 72 522 participants (33 973 women and 38 549 men), aged 45–83 years, from the Swedish Mammography Cohort and the Cohort of Swedish Men. Information on fish consumption was obtained through a self‐administered questionnaire in 1997. Participants were followed for 17 years (1 January 1998 to 31 December 2014), and data on death and causes of death were ascertained through linkage to the Swedish Cause of Death Register. We used Cox proportional hazard regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of death. Fish consumption was evaluated as a continuous predictor, flexibly modelled with restricted cubic splines to assess potential nonlinear associations.ResultsDuring follow‐up, 16 730 deaths (7168 women and 9562 men) were recorded. The dose–response association between fish consumption and all‐cause mortality was U‐shaped. Compared with the median fish consumption (women: 25.0; men: 30.5 g day−1), lower levels of consumption were progressively associated with higher mortality risk up to 25% for women [HR 1.25; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11, 1.40] and 19% for men (HR 1.19; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.32) with no reported consumption. Increasingly higher levels of fish consumption were associated with higher mortality risk only amongst women, with a 39% higher mortality risk amongst women reporting the highest level of fish consumption (80 g day−1; HR 1.39; 95% CI: 1.15, 1.68).ConclusionThese results indicate a U‐shaped association between fish consumption and all‐cause mortality, particularly amongst women.
Correcting for Frequency Drift in Clinical Brain MR Spectroscopy
Authors: Rowland Benjamin C. , Liao Huijun , Adan Fatah , Mariano Laura , Irvine John , Lin Alexander P. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTPURPOSEAveraging multiple repetitions to improve signal‐to‐noise ratio is common practice in magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). However, temporal variations in scanner B0 due to motion or gradient heating may cause spectra to become misaligned, broadening and distorting peaks and impacting on processing and quantification. We present a comparison using in vivo data of different methods for correcting these errors.METHODSThree different correction methods were applied to 53 brain scans: residual water peak alignment, creatine fitting, and spectral registration. In 32 of 53 subjects, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was acquired prior to the MRS scan. We compared the resulting linewidths to find the most effective technique. In addition, the impact on metabolite concentration estimates was evaluated.RESULTSMRS data acquired after DTI imaging exhibited a frequency drift four times higher than data without DTI, resulting in changes to metabolite concentrations, particularly glutamate/glutamine. All three correction methods produced significantly improved linewidths relative to uncorrected data, with spectral registration performing best by a small margin.CONCLUSIONFrequency correction is an important step in processing MRS data, significantly impacting metabolite quantification, particularly after echo‐planar imaging that often occurs with MRS scans in clinical studies. Spectral registration proved most effective at frequency correction.
Antigastric parietal cell and antithyroid autoantibodies in patients with desquamative gingivitis
Authors: Chang Julia Yu‐Fong , Chiang Chun‐Pin , Wang Yi‐Ping , Wu Yang‐Che , Chen Hsin‐Ming , Sun Andy 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundDesquamative gingivitis (DG) is principally associated with erosive oral lichen planus (EOLP), mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP), and pemphigus vulgaris (PV).MethodsSerum autoantibodies including antigastric parietal cell antibody (GPCA), antithyroglobulin antibody (TGA), and antithyroid microsomal antibody (TMA) were measured in 500 patients with DG, 287 EOLP without DG (EOLP/DG−) patients, and 100 healthy control subjects.ResultsThe 500 patients with DG were diagnosed as having EOLP in 455 (91%), PV in 40 (8%), and MMP in five (1%) patients. We found that 37.0%, 43.6%, and 42.6% of 500 patients with DG, 39.6%, 46.4%, and 45.1% of 455 EOLP with DG (EOLP/DG) patients, and 18.5%, 27.5%, and 30.3% of 287 EOLP/DG− patients had the presence of GPCA, TGA, and TMA in their sera, respectively. DG, EOLP/DG, and EOLP/DG− patients all had a significantly higher frequency of GPCA, TGA, or TMA positivity than healthy control subjects (all P‐values < 0.001). Moreover, 455 EOLP/DG patients had a significantly higher frequency of GPCA, TGA, or TMA positivity than 287 EOLP/DG− patients (all P‐values < 0.001). Of 210 TGA/TMA‐positive patients with DG whose serum thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were measured, 84.3%, 6.7%, and 9.0% patients had normal, lower, and higher serum TSH levels, respectively.ConclusionWe conclude that 73.4% DG, 77.1% EOLP/DG, and 47.4% EOLP/DG− patients may have GPCA/TGA/TMA positivity in their sera. Because part of GPCA‐positive patients may develop pernicious anemia, autoimmune atrophic gastritis, and gastric carcinoma, and part of TGA/TMA‐positive patients may have thyroid dysfunction, these patients should be referred to medical department for further management.
Improving the quality of care for children with wheeze: The use of electronic asthma action plans and electronic pre‐school wheeze action plans
Authors: O'Leary Fenton , Pegiazoglou Ioannis , Marshall Tracey , Thosar Deepali , Deck Mitchell , Peat Jennifer , Ging Joanna , Selvadurai Hiran 
Published: September 2016

AimTo measure the long‐term improvement in the documented provision of an asthma action plan (AAP) to children with asthma and wheeze discharged from the Emergency Department following the introduction of the electronic AAP (eAAP) and to determine the need for an electronic pre‐school wheeze action plan in our population.MethodsA retrospective case note review, from July 2014 to June 2015, of all patients over 12 months old discharged from the Emergency Department or Emergency Medical Unit, with a discharge diagnosis of either asthma or wheeze. The primary outcome was the documentation of an AAP, either recorded electronically as an eAAP or a report of an AAP as part of the patient medical record.ResultsTwo thousand three hundred and forty‐two patients were included in the study, 926 with asthma and 1416 with wheeze. The median age was 3.3 years (interquartile range (IQR) 3.5, range 1–15.9 years). The median age of the children with asthma was 5.3 years (IQR 4.6) and of the children with wheeze was 2.5 years (IQR 2.0).Overall, 1683 (71.9%) children had a documented AAP, with a significant difference between those with a discharge diagnosis of asthma (85.9%) compared with wheeze (62.9%), P < 0.001. These results justified the design of the electronic pre‐school wheeze action plan.ConclusionsThe integration of an eAAP into the Emergency Department has resulted in a sustained improvement in the documented provision of an AAP to children with a discharge diagnosis of asthma. Children with a discharge diagnosis of wheeze are significantly less likely to receive an action plan.
Melatonin suppresses TPA‐induced metastasis by downregulating matrix metalloproteinase‐9 expression through JNK/SP‐1 signaling in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Ho Hsin‐Yu , Lin Chiao‐Wen , Chien Ming‐Hsien , Reiter Russel J. , Su Shih‐Chi , Hsieh Yi‐Hsien , Yang Shun‐Fa 
Published: September 2016

AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a disease common in the South‐East Asian population, has high lymph node metastatic ability. Melatonin, an endogenously produced substance present in animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria, has oncostatic activity via several mechanisms. The molecular mechanisms involved in melatonin‐mediated tumor inhibitory potential are not completely defined. Here, we show that melatonin treatment inhibits TPA‐induced cell motility by regulating the matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) expression in NPC. We also identified the signaling cascade through which melatonin inhibits MMP‐9 expression; this involves melatonin regulating the binding activity of the transcription factor specificity protein‐1 (SP‐1)‐DNA. Our mechanistic analysis further reveals that the c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase/mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway is involved in the melatonin‐mediated tumor suppressor activity. Furthermore, the findings indicate a functional link between melatonin‐mediated MMP‐9 regulation and tumor suppressing ability and provide new insights into the role of melatonin‐induced molecular and epigenetic regulation of tumor growth. Thus, we conclude that melatonin suppresses the motility of NPC by regulating TPA‐induced MMP‐9 gene expression via inhibiting SP‐1‐DNA binding ability. The results provide a functional link between melatonin‐mediated SP‐1 regulation and the antimetastatic actions of melatonin on nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Primary deep cutaneous candidiasis caused by Candida duobushaemulonii in a 68‐year‐old man: the first case report and literature review
Authors: Fang Szu‐Yun , Wei Kai‐Che , Chen Wen‐Chieh , Lee Shin‐Jung , Yang Kuo‐Chung , Wu Chieh‐Shan , Sun Pei‐Lun 
Published: September 2016

SummarySuperficial candida infections of the skin are common, but deep cutaneous candidiasis, including secondary dissemination to the skin from systemic candidiasis, candidaemia or primary invasion due to skin defects such as trauma, is rare. These patients are usually immunosuppressed, but immunocompetent hosts can be affected as well. Candida albicans is the most common pathogen. However, non‐albicans Candida species can cause deep skin invasion in rare circumstances. We report a case of deep cutaneous candidiasis caused by Candida duobushaemulonii in a 68‐year‐old man. Deep tissue invasion was confirmed by skin histopathology examination. The pathogen was initially identified as C. haemulonii using the VITEK® 2 system for microbial identification, but was later determined to be C. duobushaemulonii based on sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA and D1/D2 region of 26S rDNA. The patient was successfully treated with amphotericin B, followed by fluconazole and surgical intervention. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of deep cutaneous infection by C. duobushaemulonii.
‘Rocking the nation’: the popular culture of neo‐nationalism
Authors: Feischmidt Margit , Pulay Gergő 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to understand contemporary forms of nationalism in a socio‐political context in which neo‐nationalism has obtained a dominant role not just in politics but in public discourse and in the cultural field as well. It investigates the emergence of a particular music scene in the beginning of the 21st century, shaped by rock bands and performers and supported by far‐right political actors, which has made the ‘national’ imagination emotionally and ideologically appealing to a considerable part of Hungarian society and first of all to young people.
Oral health and ventilator‐associated pneumonia among critically ill patients: a prospective study
Authors: Saensom D , Merchant AT , Wara‐aswapati N , Ruaisungnoen W , Pitiphat W 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between oral health and ventilator‐associated pneumonia (VAP) among critically ill patients.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted among 162 critically ill patients newly intubated and treated with mechanical ventilator in one tertiary hospital in Thailand. Oral health status was assessed using Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT), Plaque Index (PI), and number of teeth. VAP, defined as Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score >6, was assessed on Day 4 after intubation. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression adjusted for confounders.ResultsCritically ill patients had deteriorating oral health status after intubation. Early‐onset VAP developed in 69 patients (42.6%), with VAP incidence of 117 episodes per 1000 ventilator‐days. Moderately unhealthy and unhealthy oral conditions based on OHAT scores were associated with a 2.92‐fold (95% CI: 1.26–6.74) and 3.22‐fold (95% CI: 1.34–7.76) increased risk of VAP. Patients with moderate‐to‐very poor oral hygiene assessed by PI had increased VAP risk of 1.66‐folds (95% CI: 1.001–2.75). The number of teeth was not associated with VAP development.ConclusionsThere is a strong association between poor oral health and increased risk for early‐onset VAP. Routine oral care possibly prevents VAP development among critically ill patients treated with mechanical ventilator.
Lesion Morphology in Multifocal Infantile Hemangiomas
Authors: Reimer Antonia , Hoeger Peter H. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesMultifocal infantile hemangiomas (MIHs; previously called neonatal hemangiomatosis) can be associated with extracutaneous hemangiomas. We observed different morphologic types of hemangiomas in children with MIHs and sought to find out whether they are related to the clinical course.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of 103 infants with MIHs and a control group of 261 age‐matched patients with solitary focal infantile hemangiomas (IHs) seen at an academic pediatric dermatology department between 2004 and 2014.ResultsTwo morphologic subtypes of hemangiomas were identified: miliary focal hemangiomas (MFHs; small, lens shaped) in 58 of 103 MIH patients (56.3%), and classical nonmiliary focal IHs (NMIHs; larger, irregularly shaped) in 17 of 103 patients (16.5%). MIHs featuring both types (mixed type) were observed in 28 of 103 patients (27.2%). MFH lesions were significantly smaller (mean 5.3 mm [range 1–20 mm] vs 22.0 mm [range 2–100 mm]), more numerous (23.4 ± 27.3 [range 5–175] vs 7.4 ± 2.8 [range 5–15] p < 0.001), and occurred up to an older age (6.0 ± 5.8 months [range 0–27 months] vs 3.8 ± 2.6 months [range 0–9 months]) than NMIHs. There was a weakly positive correlation between the number and presence of extracutaneous IHs in children with MFHs. Significantly more children with MIHs were delivered preterm than those with solitary IHs.ConclusionsThe number of IHs correlates inversely with their size. MFHs follow a clinical course different from that of classical IHs, are associated with prematurity, and may confer greater risk of extracutaneous hemangiomas. Miliary hemangiomas thus appear to present a separate IH subset requiring special attention.