Abstract 941: Differential roles for membrane-bound and soluble CD109 in breast cancer progression
Authors: Sehgal Priyanka , Philip Anie 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Introduction: Our group has recently reported the identification of CD109 (a GPI anchored cell surface glycoprotein) as a TGF-β co-receptor and potent antagonist of TGF-β signaling and responses in human epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. Proteinase mediated shedding converts CD109 from a membrane-bound coreceptor into a soluble effector capable of binding TGF-β. Our results indicate that CD109 overexpression inhibits TGF-β -induced Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and migration in breast cancer cells in vitro. However, in breast carcinomas, CD109 overexpression correlates with poor prognosis and an aggressive phenotype. Our findings together with the recent report of over expression of CD109 in breast cancer provide compelling reasons to examine whether membrane anchored or soluble CD109 plays an essential role in breast cancer progression and thus represent a molecular target for the treatment of breast cancer.
Methods: To investigate the role of CD109 in breast cancer cells that overexpress membrane-anchored (m)CD109 or soluble (s)CD109, or in which endogenous CD109 expression is blocked, or breast cancer cells treated with recombinant CD109 protein, were analysed for SMAD signaling and EMT markers (Fibronectin, PAI, Vimentin, N-cadherin, α-sma, Snail) using immunoblotting. Cell migration and invasion potential in response to TGF-β were assessed using scratch assay and boyden chamber assay, respectively.
Results: To determine the role of CD109 in breast cancer progression, human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were transfected with plasmid overexpressing wild-type (WT) which has the potential to shed CD109. Overexpression of WT CD109 decreased TGF-β induced phospho-SMAD signaling, EMT, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. Conversely, treatment of Hs578T breast cancer cells with CD109 siRNA increased TGF-β induced phospho SMAD signaling, EMT, migration and invasion of cancer cells. In an alternate approach breast cancer cells treated with recombinant CD109 (resembling the shed form of CD109) also showed decreased TGF-β induced EMT, migration and invasion of cancer cells. However overexpression of membrane bound (furinase-mediated shedding resistant) form of CD109 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells showed increased EMT, migration and invasion of cancer cells. Analysis of downstream signaling showed that although both membrane bound and soluble form of CD109 attenuates TGF-β signaling, the membrane bound CD109 promotes tumor aggressiveness.
Conclusion: Taken together, these results suggest that membrane anchored and soluble form of CD109 have different role in breast cancer. Both membrane bound and soluble CD109 inhibit TGF-β signaling in breast cancer however the membrane bound form of CD109 can promote cancer progression. Mechanisms underlying the differential effect of these two forms of CD109 in breast cancer need to be deciphered.
Citation Format: Priyanka Sehgal, Anie Philip. Differential roles for membrane-bound and soluble CD109 in breast cancer progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 941.