bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of the occupational vocal load for the occurence and treatment of organic voice disorders
Authors: Zabret Miha , Hočevar Boltežar Irena , Šereg Bahar Maja 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe voice represents a basic working tool for carrying out certain occupations. Hoarseness, as a consequence of vocal fold lesions, presents an important cause of work-related absences for voice professionals.MethodsOur study was designed as a retrospective cohort one. Data on gender, workplace, vocal load and exposure to risk factors for voice disorders of the patients who had surgery in the 2014-2015 period at the tertiary centre due to benign vocal fold lesions were collected from their clinical records. We compared professional voice users (PVU) to subjects with no vocal load at work (NPVU). The SPSS programme, version 22.0, was used for statistical analysis.ResultsFrom 2014 to 2015, 103 PVU and 132 NPVU were surgically treated for benign vocal fold lesions. In comparison to the second group, loud speech use was reported significantly more often by PVU (40.8% vs. 14.4%), as was a fast speaking rate (22.3% vs. 9.8%) and additional vocal load outside of the workplace (23.3% vs. 12.9%). The time that had passed between the occurrence of the hoarseness and the surgical treatment did not differ between the groups. The majority of patients were satisfied with the outcome of the operation.ConclusionsNearly a half of the operated patients had a considerable vocal load at work. An ENT assessment prior to starting a job as well as priority phoniatric treatment of voice disorders for PVU would significantly reduce the costs of work absences and contribute to a speedier recovery and return to the workplace.
Increasing postural deformity trends and body mass index analysis in school-age children
Authors: Kapo Safet , Rađo Izet , Smajlović Nusret , Kovač Siniša , Talović Munir , Doder Ivor , Čović Nedim 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of the study was to analyse the deviations of the body posture and to assess the occurrence of spine deformities. Additionally, Body Mass Index in school children was related to the trend in postural deformities for different age groups (5-8 years old, n=112; 9-11 years old, n=205; 12-14 years old, n=212) as part of the project “Spine Lab”, granted from the European Commission IPA founds, investigating the importance of public health issues.MethodsBody posture was measured using Contemplas 3D software analyser, based on video image trajectory and BIA weight scale (Tanita BC 420). Overall, 17 variables were assessed, and differences were confirmed using MANOVA analysis.ResultsThe results showed that there is a significant difference between age groups for the measured variables (F=9.27; p<0.01; ηConclusionThe study results showed that there is a negative trend of increasing Body Mass Index within the first and youngest age group. The fact is that the trend of increasing deformity of the shoulder belt has been noted, often inclining towards the formation of milder forms of kyphotic posture. Other forms of deformity that are accentuated in the survey results are the negative trend of increasing pelvic rotation and pelvis rotation which inclines towards the formation of lordotic posture for all three age groups.
Risk factors for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women – from the point of view of primary care gynecologist
Authors: Franic Damir , Verdenik Ivan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionOsteoporosis is a highly prevalent public health problem with osteoporosis-related fractures that account for high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, prevention strategies and early detection of osteoporosis should be carried out in primary gynaecological care units, so as to substantially reduce the risk of fractures and allow the best treatment option for a particular woman.MethodsFrom 2002 to 2011, we recruited 2956 women. Of the total number of women, we additionally extrapolated 1274 women aged 60-75 years, assumingly, the group of women at higher risk of osteoporosis. Demographic and anthropometrical data as well as the information regarding risk factors for osteoporosis were collected using a questionnaire.ResultsThe odds ratio for osteoporosis increased by 8% (p=0.001) with each additional year of life. The OP prevalence increased with age from 24.9% in 60-64 years to 37.4% in 70-75 years. In non-smokers the odds ratio for osteoporosis was 0.424, which was statistically significant (p<0.05). BMI <18.5 increased the odds ratio for osteoporosis by 2 times, which was not statistically significant. In women 60-75 years old (N=1274), the risk of fractures increased with increasing age, considering previous fractures in the last 5 years (p<0.001), hip fracture (p=0.001), wrist fracture (p=0.002) and observed height loss (p<0.001). Hormone therapy (HT) use decreased the prevalence of OP by 25% in comparison with non-users.ConclusionPrimary care gynaecologist with a DXA centre has every opportunity for a holistic approach to the management of postmenopausal women, including the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
The Loss of Grammatical Gender and Case Features Between Old and Early Middle English: Its Impact on Simple Demonstratives and Topic Shift
Authors: Jurczyk Rafał 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this paper we examine the relation between the loss of formal gender and Case features on simple demonstratives and the topic shifting property they manifest. The examination period spans between Old English and Early Middle English. While we argue that this loss has important discourse-pragmatic and derivational effects on demonstratives, we also employ the Strong Minimalist Hypothesis approach (Chomsky 2001) and feature valuation, as defined in Pesetsky & Torrego (2007), to display how their syntactic computation and pragmatic properties have come about. To account for the above innovations yielding the Early Middle Englishϸe(‘the’), we first discuss the formal properties of the Old English demonstratives which distinguish number, gender, and Case features. This inflectional variety of forms allows the Old English demonstratives to be used independently and to show the anaphoric and discourse-linking properties of topics. Crucially, the same properties characterise also German and Dutch demonstratives that manifest Case and/or gender morphology overtly, which shows that the syntactic distribution of LIs and their morphological richness should be considered as intertwined. The above properties are then confronted with the determiner system in Early Middle English, whose forms undergo inflectional levelling producing the invariantϸe/ðeform that loses its distributional independence and acquires the article status. The levelling process in question is argued to stimulate the shift of the [+ref/spec] feature from the formal to the semantic pole. This suggests that the Early Middle Englishϸeform no longer counts as an appropriate anaphor in topic shift contexts owing to its indeterminacy of Case, gender, and φ-features, which means that it cannot satisfy the Full Interpretation requirement at the interfaces.
“Dig, What Makes Your Mouth So Big?”: Off-Modern Nostalgia, Symbolic Cannibalism, and Crossing the Border of the Universal Language in Clarence Major’s “The Slave Trade: View from the Middle Passage”
Authors: Kamionowski Jerzy 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
African American literature on the Middle Passage has always challenged white supremacy’s language with its power to define and control. This article demonstrates how the border of such a “Universal Language” is challenged and trespassed in Clarence Major’s ekphrastic poem “The Slave Trade: View from the Middle Passage” in order to communicate – through the implementation of the voice of a disembodied water spirit Mfu – the black perspective on understanding the slave trade and effectively resist the symbolic cannibalism of Western Culture. The trope of antropophagy often appears in Middle Passage poems in the context of (mis)communication (which results in the production of controlling, racist images of blacks) and stands as a sign of Euro-American power to create the historical, hierarchical, racial reality of the Atlantic slave trade in its economic and symbolic dimensions. The strategy implemented by Major in his poetic confrontation with representation of historical slave trade in European and American Fine arts may be classified as “off-modern” (to use Svetlana Boym’s (2001) nomenclature), which immediately places his poem in a “tradition of critical reflection on the modern condition that incorporates nostalgia” as a means of a critical analysis of the heritage and limitations of a given culture. My claim is that the poem’s “off-modern nostalgia” perspective is a version of textualist strategy which Henry Louis Gates (1988) identifies as Signifyin(g). Major/Mfu successfully perforates and destabilizes the assumed objectivity and neutrality of the images of blacks and blackness created and circulated within the realm of the visual arts of the dominant Western Culture. In “The Slave Trade: View from the Middle Passage” Signifyin(g) takes the form of what could be called an ekphrastic (re)interpretation of actual works of art and joins in the critique of essentialist views often associated with understanding of meaning.
Method for Determining Volumetric Efficiency and Its Experimental Validation
Authors: Ambrozik Andrzej , Kurczyński Dariusz , Łagowski Piotr 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Modern means of transport are basically powered by piston internal combustion engines. Increasingly rigorous demands are placed on IC engines in order to minimise the detrimental impact they have on the natural environment. That stimulates the development of research on piston internal combustion engines. The research involves experimental and theoretical investigations carried out using computer technologies. While being filled, the cylinder is considered to be an open thermodynamic system, in which non-stationary processes occur. To make calculations of thermodynamic parameters of the engine operating cycle, based on the comparison of cycles, it is necessary to know the mean constant value of cylinder pressure throughout this process. Because of the character of in-cylinder pressure pattern and difficulties in pressure experimental determination, in the present paper, a novel method for the determination of this quantity was presented. In the new approach, the iteration method was used. In the method developed for determining the volumetric efficiency, the following equations were employed: the law of conservation of the amount of substance, the first law of thermodynamics for open system, dependences for changes in the cylinder volume vs. the crankshaft rotation angle, and the state equation. The results of calculations performed with this method were validated by means of experimental investigations carried out for a selected engine at the engine test bench. A satisfactory congruence of computational and experimental results as regards determining the volumetric efficiency was obtained. The method for determining the volumetric efficiency presented in the paper can be used to investigate the processes taking place in the cylinder of an IC engine.
ADS-B Satellite Communication Channel Based on IEEE 802.16 Standard
Authors: Kharchenko Volodymir , Grekhov Andrii , Kondratiuk Vasyl , Nagorna Karina 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOriginal models of “Aircraft-Satellite-Ground Station” communication channel based on IEEE 802.16 standard were built by using MATLAB Simulink. The influence of aircraft transmitter nonlinearity for different types of fading in the channel (Rayleigh and Rician) was studied and the possibility of correcting nonlinearity by using pre-distortion was revealed. The impact of space-time diversity (MISO 2 × 1) for different types of fading in channels was investigated. The effect of the Doppler frequency shift on the operation of communication channels was analyzed.
Aerodynamic Research of the Experimental Prototype of the Variable Geometry Wind Turbine
Authors: Urbahs Aleksandrs , Urbaha Margarita , Carjova Kristīne 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The aim of this research is to develop a vertical rotation axis variable geometry wind turbine (WT). The experimental prototype is being manufactured with the help of CAM (Computer-aided manufacturing) technologies – computer-based preparation of the product manufacturing process. The Institute of Aeronautics of Riga Technical University is using CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machines for manufacturing the innovative WT and its components. The aerodynamic research has been done in T-4 wind tunnel at an air flow rate from 5 m/s to 30 m/s. The power increase of the variable geometry WT is a topical issue. Installation of such WTs in wind farms is possible and is subject to further research.
Some Theoretical Aspects of the Air Traffic Controller Training Group Formation, in Accordance to Obtain a Certain Level of Professional Qualities
Authors: Andersone Silva , Šestakovs Vladimirs 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
A technique is proposed to enhance the professionally important qualities of air traffic controllers at the stage of training on the basis of training group formation. The methodology is based on cluster analysis. The proposed criteria are based on the measure of the similarity of student qualities.
Wing and Engine Sizing by Using the Matching Plot Technique
Authors: Glīzde Nikolajs 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The research focuses on the development of an Unmanned Aircraft System. For design purposes, a rather new design method called Systems Engineering Approach is used. Development of the whole system takes much time and effort. This paper contains a concise description of the research on the preliminary development phase of Unmanned Aircraft System air vehicle. The method was first introduced by NASA and later developed by authors of books on aircraft design used for information purposes for design and are mentioned in references. The obtained results are rather realistic and promising for further design process. The method is simple and understandable, and it should be used more often to make it more steady and reliable.
Research achievements in transition: German scholars’ contribution to economic geographies of knowledge, innovation and new technologies
Authors: Fromhold-Eisebith Martina 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe 2018 Global Conference on Economic Geography in Cologne provides the occasion to take stock of research achievements especially of German geographers in selected fields. This paper reviews, based on a broad range of academic milestone publications, how German scholars have moved forward research frontiers in the field of knowledge, innovation and technology geographies. Which marks did this country’s economic geographers leave on the advancement of conceptual ideas, yet which topics were neglected? And how have they engaged in producing convincing empirical evidence for conceptualized developments? In which ways have German researchers ventured towards informing and supporting effective policies of innovation oriented regional or national development? Conclusively, which qualities can be discerned that specifically mark a ‘German’ approach towards economic geography research on knowledge, innovation and new technologies, telling about strengths and weaknesses with respect to being noticed internationally? Exploring these questions, the paper offers a structured review of exemplary works published in German or English language and points out some distinctive nation-specific features and topical achievements of economic geography research.
Redox reactive (RNC)CuII species stabilized in the solid state via halogen bond with I2
Authors: Bulatova Margarita , Melekhova Anna A. , Novikov Alexander S. , Ivanov Daniil. M. , Bokach Nadezhda A. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The crystal structure of [Cu2(μ-O)(μ-I)2(CNXyl)4]·I2 (2·I2) was determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The adduct 2·I2 represents the first example of structurally characterized isocyanide-copper(II) complexes. In the structure of 2·I2, 2 forms independent chains connected through molecular iodine via I···I–I···I halogen bonding. The DFT calculations and topological analysis of the electron density distribution within the formalism of Bader’s theory (QTAIM method) were performed for model complex 2·I2 and the obtained results allowed the attribution of these contacts to moderate strength (3.8–5.3 kcal/mol) non-covalent contacts exhibiting some covalent character.
β-Ca11B2Si4O22: six-fold twinning, crystal structure and thermal expansion
Authors: Volkov Sergey N. , Yukhno Valentina A. , Bubnova Rimma S. , Shilovskikh Vladimir V. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe low-temperature polymorphβ-Ca11B2Si4O22crystallizes as a monoclinic structure [space group isP21/c,a=14.059(9),b=6.834(5),c=10.597(7) Å,β=100.735(8)°]. The crystal investigated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction was a twin composed of six individuals. The crystal structure is similar to that of mineral spurrite, Ca5(SiO4)2CO3, and can be described as a framework of [CaO5] and [CaO6] polyhedra, the cavities of which are filled with [SiO4] and [BO3] groups. The orientation relationship of twin domains was investigated by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Thermal expansion was studied by high-temperature X-ray powder diffraction. It is slightly anisotropic:α11=10,α22=16,α33=12×10−6°C−1at 200°C.
Synthesis, IR spectroscopy and crystal structure of [(UO2)2{Be(H2O)2(PO4)2}]·(H2O), the first compound with a trimer beryllophosphate anion
Authors: Dal Bo Fabrice , Aksenov Sergey M. , Hatert Frédéric , Burns Peter C. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The first uranyl beryllophosphate, [(UO2)2{Be(H2O)2(PO4)2}]·(H2O), has been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions at 200°C. The monoclinic unit-cell parameters are: a=9.3361(1), b=8.8545(4), c=9.6592(10) Å, β=93.211(1)°, V=797.21(6) Å3, space group P2/n, Z=2. The crystal structure has been solved by direct methods and refined to final R
1=4.92% using 1294 I>3σ(I) reflections in the anisotropic approximation. The structure consists of sheets of UrO5 pentagonal bipyramids and PO4 tetrahedra. UrO5 bipyramids are linked by edge-sharing to form infinite chains. Adjacent chains of UrO5 bipyramids are connected by sharing alternating edges of uranyl bipyramids with PO4 tetrahedra. The resulting sheets are based on the well-known uranophane anion-topology. Be atoms are tetrahedrally coordinated by two oxygen atoms of PO4 tetrahedra and two water molecules in the interlayer space. One isolated water molecule also occurs in the interlayer space, where it is held in position by H bonds. The connection between the phosphorus and beryllium tetrahedra leads to formation of an unbranched trimer [BeP2O8(H2O)2]4− observed for the first time in inorganic oxysalts.
Ladders of information: what contributes to the structural complexity of inorganic crystals
Authors: Krivovichev Sergey V. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Complexity is one of the important characteristics of crystal structures, which can be measured as the amount of Shannon information per atom or per unit cell. Since complexity may arise due to combination of different factors, herein we suggest a method of ladder diagrams for the analysis of contributions to structural complexity from different crystal-chemical phenomena (topological complexity, superstructures, modularity, hydration state, etc.). The group of minerals and inorganic compounds based upon the batagayite-type [M(TO4)ϕ] layers (M=Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Zn, Co; T=P, As; ϕ=OH, H2O) is used as an example. It is demonstrated that the method allows for the quantitative estimates of various contributions to the complexity of the whole structure.
The incommensurately modulated crystal structure of roshchinite, Cu0.09Ag1.04Pb0.65Sb2.82As0.37S6.08
Authors: Makovicky Emil , Stöger Berthold , Topa Dan 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The Pb–Ag–Sb sulfide roshchinite, Cu0.09Ag1.04Pb0.65Sb2.82As0.37S6.08, is a lillianite homologue N=4 with a complex incommensurate superstructure in the 8.46 Å direction of the orthorhombic crystal lattice with a 19.0804(1) Å, b 8.4591(2) Å and c 12.9451(3) Å, superspace group Pbcn(0σ
20)00s, q=0.41458(3)b*. A structure solution and refinement in (3+1) superspace, based on 10,019 observed reflections and 437 refined parameters was terminated at Robs (wR) equal to 7.27 (8.07)% using satellites up to second order; Robs is 4.82 for main reflections only. The Pb atoms in trigonal coordination prisms on planes of unit-cell twinning are semiperiodically replaced by antimony. The marginal columns of (311)PbS slabs of the Sb–Ag based structure which is based on PbS-like topology contain Sb, Ag(Cu) and mixed Ag/Sb sites in a complicated sequence. Central portions of the slabs are occupied by Sb–S crankshaft chains, best exposed on the (100)PbS planes, which run diagonally across the slabs. In these planes, in their majority the chains display Sb3S4 form and two opposing orientations, zig-zagging along the [010] direction. Every six chains, a parallel configuration of two chains occurs, but occasionally this interval is reduced to five chains. This, together with related compositional changes in the Pb– and Ag–Sb column, explains the one-dimensionally incommensurate character of roshchinite. Modestly elevated contents of As replacing Sb are the probable reason of modulation and non-commensurability in roshchinite.
The Electronic Structure Signature of the Spin Cross-Over Transition of [Co(dpzca)2]
Authors: Zhang Xin , Mu Sai , Liu Yang , Luo Jian , Zhang Jian , N’Diaye Alpha T. , Enders Axel , Dowben Peter A. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The unoccupied electronic structure of the spin crossover molecule cobalt (II) N-(2-pyrazylcarbonyl)-2-pyrazinecarboxamide, [Co(dpzca)2] was investigated, using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and compared with magnetometry (SQUID) measurements. The temperature dependence of the XAS and molecular magnetic susceptibility χmT are in general agreement for [Co(dpzca)2], and consistent with density functional theory (DFT). This agreement of magnetic susceptibility and X-ray absorption spectroscopy provides strong evidence that the changes in magnetic moment can be ascribed to changes in electronic structure. Calculations show the choice of Coulomb correlation energy U has a profound effect on the electronic structure of the low spin state, but has little influence on the electronic structure of the high spin state. In the temperature dependence of the XAS, there is also evidence of an X-ray induced excited state trapping for [Co(dpzca)2] at 15 K.
Effect of Mesoporous Diatomite Particles on the Kinetics of SR&NI ATRP of Styrene and Butyl Acrylate
Authors: Khezri Khezrollah , Ghasemi Moosa , Fazli Yousef 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Mesoporous diatomite particles were employed to prepare different poly(styrene-co-butyl acrylate)/diatomite nanocomposites. Diatomite nanoplatelets were used for in situ copolymerization of styrene and butyl acrylate by SR&NI ATRP to synthesize well-defined poly(styrene-co-butyl acrylate) nanocomposites. Nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm is applied to examine surface area and structural characteristics of the diatomite nanoplatelets. Evaluation of pore size distribution and morphological studies were also performed by SEM and TEM. Conversion and molecular weight determinations were carried out using gas and size exclusion chromatography respectively. Addition of 3 wt% pristine mesoporous diatomite nanoplatelets leads to increase of conversion from 73 to 89%. Molecular weight of poly(styrene-co-butyl acrylate) chains increases from 17,115 to 20,343 g·mol−1 by addition of 3 wt% pristine mesoporous diatomite; however, polydispersity index values increases from 1.14 to 1.37. Increasing thermal stability of the nanocomposites is demonstrated by TGA. Differential scanning calorimetry shows an increase in glass transition temperature from 35.26 to 39.61°C by adding 3 wt% of mesoporous diatomite nanoplatelets.