bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toddlers in Transition: Linear Enamel Hypoplasias in the Hadza of Tanzania
Authors: Ungar P. S. , Crittenden A. N. , Rose J. C. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBioarchaeologists often use linear enamel hypoplasias (LEH) as a proxy for systemic physiological stress in prehistoric populations. Increased incidences of LEH have been observed in many cases associated with rapid social or environmental changes, such as with the Neolithic transition and agricultural intensification. Still, there have yet to be studies published of LEH incidence among living peoples in the process of transitioning from foraging to a farming economy. It is important to document LEH occurrence in living groups with known subsistence strategies to better contextualise interpretations of bioarchaeological populations. Here, we present LEH data for a sample of the Hadza of Tanzania. We compare LEH incidence and frequency on the permanent anterior teeth of individuals who spent their infancy and early childhood (i) in the bush consuming wild foods; (ii) in the village with a weaning diet dominated by domestic cereals; and (iii) transitory, dividing their time between the bush and village. Our results demonstrate that Hadza living in the bush during the period of tooth formation less frequently have LEH on these teeth, and have fewer of them on average, than do villagers. This is particularly so for the comparison of men. The transient group is intermediate in LEH incidence, although not significantly different from the bush and village samples. A lower LEH frequency in the bush Hadza is consistent with a diet that meets nutrient requirements of tooth formation, but higher incidence in the village sample suggests interruption of enamel secretion, most likely due to malnutrition. Such studies provide valuable context with which to interpret and understand bioarchaeological evidence, and to track effects of sedentisation on the biology of modern foragers. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trans‐2‐Aminocyclohexanol derivatives as pH‐triggered conformational switches
Authors: Samoshin Vyacheslav V. , Zheng Yu , Liu Xin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA series of trans‐2‐aminocyclohexanol derivatives have been explored as powerful conformational pH triggers. On protonation of the amino group, a conformer with equatorial position of ammonio and hydroxy groups becomes predominant because of an intramolecular hydrogen bond and electrostatic interactions. The energy of these interactions was estimated to be above 10 kJ/mol and in some models exceeded 20 kJ/mol (strong enough to twist a ring in tert‐butyl derivatives). As a result of this conformational flip, all other substituents are forced to change their orientation. If the substituents are designed to perform certain geometry‐dependent functions, for example, as cation chelators or as lipid tails, such acid‐induced transition may be used to control the corresponding molecular properties. The pH sensitivity of conformational equilibria was explored by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and the titration curves were used for estimation of the pKa values of protonated compounds that varied from 2.6 to 8.5 (in d4‐methanol) depending on the structure of amino group. Thus, trans‐2‐aminocyclohexanols can be also used as conformational pH indicators in organic solvents.
Use of a trithiocarbonyl RAFT agent without modification as (Co)stabilizer in miniemulsion polymerization
Authors: Oliveira Marco , Lewin Behrends Sabrina , Reis Rosa Ivan , Liberato Petzhold Cesar 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTHerein, we demonstrate the effects of using 4‐cyano‐4‐[(dodecylsulfanylthiocarbonyl)sulfanyl] pentanoic acid (CDPA) simultaneously as RAFT chain transfer agent (RAFT‐CTA) and (co)stabilizer in a miniemulsion polymerization process. The novelty of this report includes use this RAFT‐CTA without modification, such as macro‐CTAs, block, or random copolymers. Using an optimized polymerization procedure, it is possible to use distinct formulations and therefore obtain stable latexes comprised of well‐defined spherical nanoparticles. The polymerization kinetics and final polymer properties are directly correlated to the function of the CDPA in the system: RAFT‐CTA and/or (co)stabilizer. Typically, the nanoparticles present average diameters less than 150 nm. The molar mass properties and the kinetic profiles confirm to an expected RAFT process, although some deviations are observable when using the CDPA as only stabilizer. These deviations are a function of the amount of CDPA present within the nano‐droplets, or adsorption on its surface. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 1687–1695
MRI guided focused ultrasound robotic system for animal experiments
Authors: Yiannakou Marinos , Menikou Georgios , Yiallouras Christos , Ioannides Cleanthis , Damianou Christakis 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundIn this paper an MRI‐guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) robotic system was developed that can be used for conducting experiments in small animals.The target for this robotic system regarding motion was to move a therapeutic ultrasound transducer in two Cartesian axes.MethodsA single element spherically focused transducer of 3 cm diameter, focusing at 7 cm and operating at 0.4 MHz was used. The positioning device incorporates only MRI compatible materials. The propagation of ultrasound is a bottom to top approach. The 2‐D positioning device is controlled by custom‐made software and a custom‐made electronic system which controls the two piezoelectric motors.ResultsThe system was tested successfully in agar/silica/evaporated milk phantom for various tasks (robot motion, MR compatibility, and MR thermometry). The robotic system is capable of moving the focused ultrasound transducer to perform MR‐guided focused ultrasound experiments in small animals.ConclusionsThis system has the potential to be deployed as a cost effective solution for performing experiments in small animals.
Physiological motion modeling for organ‐mounted robots
Authors: Wood Nathan A. , Schwartzman David , Zenati Marco A. , Riviere Cameron N. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundOrgan‐mounted robots passively compensate heartbeat and respiratory motion. In model‐guided procedures, this motion can be a significant source of information that can be used to aid in localization or to add dynamic information to static preoperative maps.MethodsModels for estimating periodic motion are proposed for both position and orientation. These models are then tested on animal data and optimal orders are identified. Finally, methods for online identification are demonstrated.ResultsModels using exponential coordinates and Euler‐angle parameterizations are as accurate as models using quaternion representations, yet require a quarter fewer parameters. Models which incorporate more than four cardiac or three respiration harmonics are no more accurate. Finally, online methods estimate model parameters as accurately as offline methods within three respiration cycles.ConclusionsThese methods provide a complete framework for accurately modelling the periodic deformation of points anywhere on the surface of the heart in a closed chest.
Generalized set‐theoretic unknown input observer for LPV systems with application to state estimation and robust fault detection
Authors: Xu Feng , Tan Junbo , Wang Xueqian , Puig Vicenç , Liang Bin , Yuan Bo , Liu Houde 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThis paper proposes to design an unknown input observer (UIO) for the linear‐parameter‐varying (LPV) system on the basis of the set theory, which is named as the set‐theoretic UIO (SUIO). The advantage of the SUIO consists in that it combines active and passive approaches to obtain robustness in state estimation (SE) and fault detection (FD). The active approach is based on the use of UIO to decouple unknown inputs, while the passive approach is based on the set theory to bound uncertain factors that cannot be actively decoupled. As a result, the effect of both unknown inputs (process disturbances, modeling errors, etc.) and measurement noises can be appropriately handled in the residual signals compared with the standard UIO‐based SE and FD approaches. The design of SUIO can overcome the limitations of the traditional UIO design conditions, which can significantly broaden the application of the UIO‐based SE and FD theory. Moreover, this paper proposes a generalized framework that can provide more flexibility in the design of SUIO guaranteeing their stability by means of a group of matrix inequalities. Because the LPV system uses a collection of online obtainable scheduling variables to embed nonlinearities, the design of SUIO for the LPV system can be used to address the SE and FD problems of nonlinear systems. At the end of this paper, two case studies are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Progress Toward The Sustainable Development Goal on Poverty: Assessing The Effect of Income Growth on The Exit Time from Poverty in Benin
Authors: Alia Didier Yelognisse 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThere is a large and growing literature on the relation between economic growth and poverty reduction. The evidence points to a negative correlation between growth and poverty. However, many studies also find that growth does not mechanically reduce poverty, arguing that in many cases rapid economic growth has not necessarily been pro‐poor. This paper uses the concept of ‘exit time from poverty’ to assess the potential of economic growth to reduce poverty in Benin; thus accelerating the progress of the country toward the achievement of the sustainable development goal of eliminating poverty by 2030. It uses nationally representative household data covering the period 2009–2011 and analyses the impacts of various growth scenarios on poverty. The results show that, with a growth rate in income per capita of 4.2% per year, it will take between 7 and 10 years for the average poor household to escape from poverty. The paper also finds that stronger economic growth leads to shorter average time to exit from poverty. However, there is a lot of heterogeneity in the exit time from poverty, with various households' characteristics such as households' size and human capital being important determinants. Taken together, the results suggest that policies to accelerate poverty reduction should emphasize the development of human capital and ensure that growth is inclusive and pro‐poor. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Investigating the Influential Factors of Sustainable Supply Chain Management, Using Two Asian Countries as Examples
Authors: Kuo Tsai Chi , Chen Gary Yu‐Hsin , Hsiao Yu‐Lin , Dang Hanh T.H. , Chiu Ming‐Chuan , Hsu Chia‐Wei 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSustainable supply chain management (SSCM) is increasingly followed by academia and industry. Although some companies have shown their success in implementing SSCM practices, many are still hesitant – that is, certain challenges to SSCM operation still exist. The focus of this study was to identify the influential factors of SSCM practices from both the conceptual and practical perspectives. A verified SSCM questionnaire was conducted to investigate the differences of the influential factors between Taiwan and Vietnam, and to explore the regional phenomenon of SSCM implementation. The result could be used to support the argument of related literature that pressure, strategy, uncertainty, internal management and external management could be the influential factors of the success/failure of the SSCM adoption. Local practices of sustainability in Taiwan and Vietnam were addressed and discussed in this study. Future study might survey other Asian countries to examine the international difference. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Environmental Entrepreneurship and Interorganizational Arrangements: A Model of Social‐benefit Market Creation
Authors: Corbett Jacqueline , Montgomery A. Wren 
Published: February 2017

Research summarySocial‐benefit markets, such as those for carbon trading, are becoming increasingly popular for combating complex social and environmental problems. However, their unique characteristics pose substantial challenges to market creation and require novel entrepreneurial approaches. Integrating the entrepreneurship literature with that of management information systems, we conceptualize social‐benefit markets as a new type of interorganizational arrangement and develop a model of social‐benefit market creation. First, we argue that a core entrepreneurial collective, comprising a plurality of actors from government, business, and social movements, is essential. Second, we elaborate a six‐phase process through which the interests of entrepreneurs are aligned and inscribed in a market artifact and the market is formed. The model is illustrated with reference to the Western Climate Initiative's carbon market creation efforts.Managerial summaryCarbon markets have become a popular strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, with similar market‐based solutions being proposed for other social and environmental challenges. We refer to these new structures as social‐benefit markets. Social‐benefit market creation is a complex undertaking that will require novel entrepreneurial approaches and new interorganizational information systems. In an effort to reduce some of this complexity, we propose a model to explain how entrepreneurs from government, business, and social movements must work collectively to build social‐benefit markets. We further elaborate a six‐phase process through which entrepreneurs are able to align their diverse interests and create a stable market artifact. For managers from all sectors, our work offers actionable guidance for forming collective ventures that deliver real social benefits. Copyright © 2017 Strategic Management Society
A flexible and lightweight user‐demand DRM system for multimedia contents over multiple portable device platforms
Authors: Wu Eric Hsiaokuang , Chuang Shumin , Shih Chen‐Yen , Hsueh Hao‐Che , Huang Shih‐Syuan , Huang Hsiao‐Ping 
Published: February 2017

SummaryWith the rapid development of technology, digital multimedia has been widely utilized. Access of multimedia contents has become a daily routine. Although multimedia brings ease and convenience for content sharing, it also makes piracy more feasible. For example, it is easy to upload a copyrighted video to YouTube without the owners' permission. Authors and merchants are very much in need of protecting their intellectual property and commercial profits. Digital right management (DRM) systems are provided to fulfill this desire. DRM is a collection of techniques used to control access to copyrighted materials. Because current enterprise DRM solutions are not allowed for customized modification, they cannot fit in our considered scenario perfectly. As a result, we propose a secure DRM system with a design based on user demands, where a consumer can access contents only on authenticated devices until the authorization expires. Our DRM scheme involves a series of robust cryptosystems including AES, SHA‐256, and RSA. Applications as DRM agents are implemented on Windows, Mac OS, Android, and iOS platforms. Moreover, we modularized the DRM components for easy extension and integration. For better performance on low‐end devices, parameters of encryption are introduced, namely, the key size and the encryption density. We addressed the mask shift problem caused by random access and implemented the device identifier acquirement. The DRM system also proved to have high security and good performance in our analysis. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transcriptional and Cell Cycle Alterations Mark Aging of Primary Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells
Authors: Shan Xiaoyin , Roberts Cleresa , Kim Eun Ji , Brenner Ariana , Grant Gregory , Percec Ivona 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Adult stem cells play a critical role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and prevention of aging. While the regenerative potential of stem cells with low cellular turnover, such as adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), is increasingly recognized, the study of chronological aging in ASCs is technically difficult and remains poorly understood. Here, we use our model of chronological aging in primary human ASCs to examine genome-wide transcriptional networks. We demonstrate first that the transcriptome of aging ASCs is distinctly more stable than that of age-matched fibroblasts, and further, that age-dependent modifications in cell cycle progression and translation initiation specifically characterize aging ASCs in conjunction with increased nascent protein synthesis and a distinctly shortened G1 phase. Our results reveal novel chronological aging mechanisms in ASCs that are inherently different from differentiated cells and that may reflect an organismal attempt to meet the increased demands of tissue and organ homeostasis during aging.
From curiosity to commodity: a review of the evolution of sachet drinking water in West Africa
Authors: Stoler Justin 
Published: February 2017

The private sector continues to play an important role in filling local drinking water supply gaps across the Global South. In West Africa, a perfect storm of rapid population growth, infrastructure mismanagement, and globalization of consumer markets has resulted in the advent of an entire new industry around packaged water, primarily ‘sachet water’ sold in mechanically sealed plastic sleeves. Most local governments and international development agencies have historically perceived sachet water as a passing trend, but it has quickly become a primary drinking water source for the majority of households in many urban areas and continues to spread throughout the region and world. Sachet water is now an important component of regional water security, although with attendant issues related to governance, quality control, environmental pollution, and social justice. This paper reviews the seminal literature on sachet water in West Africa, with particular emphasis on Ghana and Nigeria, where most studies have focused. This review synthesizes governance issues, consumer and industry trends, and the latest on product quality in the literature from 2011 to 2016, with 2010 approximating an inflection point for the modernization of the industry. The ability of many West African nations to achieve universal access to safe drinking water may depend on their willingness to understand and incorporate the sachet water industry into an integrated drinking water platform. WIREs Water 2017, 4:e1206. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1206This article is categorized under:

Engineering Water > Planning Water
Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water
Human Water > Water Governance
Inside Cover Image, Volume 6, Issue 2
Authors: Stower Matthew J. , Bertocchini Federica 
Published: February 2017

The inside cover image, by Matthew J. Stower and Federica Bertocchini, is based on the Advanced Review The Evolution of amniote gastrulation: the blastopore‐primitive streak transition, DOI: 10.1002/wdev.262.
image
Toward modeling locomotion using electromyography‐informed 3D models: application to cerebral palsy
Authors: Sartori M. , Fernandez J. W. , Modenese L. , Carty C. P. , Barber L. A. , Oberhofer K. , Zhang J. , Handsfield G. G. , Stott N. S. , Besier T. F. , Farina D. , Lloyd D. G. 
Published: February 2017

This position paper proposes a modeling pipeline to develop clinically relevant neuromusculoskeletal models to understand and treat complex neurological disorders. Although applicable to a variety of neurological conditions, we provide direct pipeline applicative examples in the context of cerebral palsy (CP). This paper highlights technologies in: (1) patient‐specific segmental rigid body models developed from magnetic resonance imaging for use in inverse kinematics and inverse dynamics pipelines; (2) efficient population‐based approaches to derive skeletal models and muscle origins/insertions that are useful for population statistics and consistent creation of continuum models; (3) continuum muscle descriptions to account for complex muscle architecture including spatially varying material properties with muscle wrapping; (4) muscle and tendon properties specific toCP; and (5) neural‐based electromyography‐informed methods for muscle force prediction. This represents a novel modeling pipeline that couples for the first time electromyography extracted features of disrupted neuromuscular behavior with advanced numerical methods for modelingCP‐specific musculoskeletal morphology and function. The translation of such pipeline to the clinical level will provide a new class of biomarkers that objectively describe the neuromusculoskeletal determinants of pathological locomotion and complement current clinical assessment techniques, which often rely on subjective judgment.WIREs Syst Biol Med2017, 9:e1368. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1368This article is categorized under:Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational MethodsModels of Systems Properties and Processes > Organ, Tissue, and Physiological Models
Impact of microwave-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis on functional and antioxidant properties of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss by-products
Authors: Nguyen Elizabeth , Jones Owen , Kim Yuan H. Brad , San Martin-Gonzalez Fernanda , Liceaga Andrea M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractFishery by-products can be better utilized following enzymatic hydrolysis treatment to produce fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) with potentially enhanced interface-stabilizing properties (e.g. functionality). The production of FPH could be accelerated through the application of rapid heating methods [e.g. microwave-assisted heating (MW)] rather than slower conventional heating (CH) treatments. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of microwave heating during enzymatic hydrolysis on the functionality and antioxidant properties of FPH. Trout by-products were hydrolyzed with Alcalase at an enzyme substrate ratio (E:S) of 0.5, 1.7, and 3.0% (w/v), respectively, for 3, 5 and 15 min using a microwave system (1200 W, 20% power with 50% duty cycle at 50–55 °C) and a conventional heating method (water bath at 50 °C). The degree of hydrolysis and protein solubility was higher (P < 0.05) for the MW-FPH than for the CH-FPH. MW-FPH at 5 min (0.5% E:S) demonstrated higher (P < 0.05) emulsifying activity and emulsion stability than CH-FPH with the same treatment. Foam capacity and stability were also greater (P < 0.05) for MW-FPH samples that were treated 15 min by microwave-assisted heating (0.5% E:S) when compared to CH. Overall, MW-FPH exhibited higher (P < 0.05) 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl and ferric ion reducing capacity than CH-FPH. We therefore conclude that microwave-assisted hydrolysis is an alternative method to produce FPH with improved solubility, emulsifying activity, foaming properties and antioxidant activity.