bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual RNA‐Seq of Lysobacter capsici AZ78 – Phytophthora infestans interaction shows the implementation of attack strategies by the bacterium and unsuccessful oomycete defense responses
Authors: Tomada Selena , Sonego Paolo , Moretto Marco , Engelen Kristof , Pertot Ilaria , Perazzolli Michele , Puopolo Gerardo 
Published: July 2017

SummaryBiological interactions in the microbial communities of the rhizosphere continuously shape the gene expression patterns of each individual microorganism. A dual RNA‐Seq approach was applied to obtain a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms activated during the interaction between the biocontrol rhizobacterium Lysobacter capsici AZ78 and the soilborne phytopathogenic oomycete Phytophthora infestans. The RNA‐Seq transcriptional profile of L. capsici AZ78 was characterized by up‐regulation of genes concerned in the biogenesis of type 4 pilus and lytic enzymes, involved, respectively, in host colonization and subsequent attack of the P. infestans cell wall. The activation of detoxification processes allowed L. capsici AZ78 to overcome the attempted defense processes of P. infestans. Moreover, the genes involved in antibiotic biosynthesis were up‐regulated in L. capsici AZ78 and caused cell death in P. infestans, with the activation of putative apoptotic processes. The consequences of P. infestans cell death resulted in the down‐regulation of primary metabolic pathways, such as carbohydrates, nucleic acids and protein metabolisms. Overall, the mechanism of action of L. capsici AZ78 was related to parasitism and predatory activities that cause the death of P. infestans.
An Evaluation of a Clinical Pre‐Exposure Prophylaxis Education Intervention among Men Who Have Sex with Men
Authors: Raifman Julia , Nunn Amy , Oldenburg Catherine E. , Montgomery Madeline C. , Almonte Alexi , Agwu Allison L. , Arrington‐Sanders Renata , Chan Philip A. 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of an HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) education intervention on PrEP awareness and use among men who have sex with men (MSM) attending a sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinic.Data Sources/Study SettingMen who have sex with men STD clinic patients.Study DesignWe estimated a difference‐in‐differences linear regression model, comparing MSM whose first visit to the clinic was before (“control”) or after (“treatment”) intervention implementation and controlling for patient.Data Collection/ExtractionWe used self‐reported data on PrEP awareness and use from STD clinic intake forms.Principal FindingsPre‐exposure prophylaxis awareness between first and second clinic visits increased 27.2 percentage points (pp) in the treatment group, relative to 13.7 pp in the control group. Similarly, PrEP use increased 7.1 pp in the treatment group versus 2.4 pp in the control group. Based on adjusted estimates, the PrEP intervention increased PrEP awareness by 24 pp (p < .01) and PrEP use by 5 pp (p = .01), increases of 63 percent and 159 percent relative to the 6 months prior to the intervention.ConclusionA brief, scalable STD clinic PrEP education intervention led to significantly increased PrEP awareness and use among MSM. Health care providers should consider implementing brief PrEP education interventions in sexual health care settings.
Big‐Box Stores and Urban Land Prices: Friend or Foe?
Authors: Slade Barrett A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis study examined the effect of a new Walmart store on nearby U.S. urban land prices and found that, within one quarter mile of a new Walmart store locale, land prices increased by almost 39% over the four‐year development time period. Supercenters and commercial land sales were instrumental in driving the positive price effects. Robustness tests found a positive land price effect with other big‐box stores, suggesting that the land price effect was not limited to Walmart stores, but in fact, was a big‐box store effect.
Conclusion: Special issue on genetic and alcohol use disorder research with diverse racial/ethnic groups: Key findings and potential next steps
Authors: Chartier Karen G. , Hesselbrock Michie N. , Hesselbrock Victor M. 
Published: July 2017

Background and ObjectivesThis special issue brings together papers focusing on a wide range of topics relevant to the research and understanding of the role of race/ethnicity and genetic variation for the susceptibility of developing an alcohol use disorder (AUD).MethodsThe key findings from the issue's 10 articles are reviewed and organized here around three topics: I: addictive behaviors and potential environmental influences; II: a focus on four racial/ethnic groups; and III: special methodologies.ResultsSeveral potential next steps in improving effective research strategies are highlighted: (1) implementing best practices for outreach and community engagement may reduce reluctance to participate; (2) recruiting adequately sized and racially/ethnically diverse samples will require new collaborations with investigators who successfully work in diverse communities; (3) identifying and assessing environmental influences that are both unique to, and common among, racial/ethnic groups may inform preventions for AUD; (4) use of standardized measures will facilitate the generation of larger samples and meta‐analysis of research findings; and (5) use of better analytic approaches and experimental methods will improve replication in gene finding research and help advance new areas of research.ConclusionsGenetic research of AUD in diverse racial/ethnic populations is advancing. The articles in this issue examined the general theme of including diverse population groups in genetic studies and offered potential strategies for addressing some common problems.Scientific SignificanceGreater inclusion of diverse racial/ethnic populations in this research is important to ensure that the benefits of new knowledge and technology are equally shared. (Am J Addict 2017;26:532–537)
An evolutionary perspective on the systems of adaptive immunity
Authors: Müller Viktor , de Boer Rob J. , Bonhoeffer Sebastian , Szathmáry Eörs 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTWe propose an evolutionary perspective to classify and characterize the diverse systems of adaptive immunity that have been discovered across all major domains of life. We put forward a new function‐based classification according to the way information is acquired by the immune systems: Darwinian immunity (currently known from, but not necessarily limited to, vertebrates) relies on the Darwinian process of clonal selection to ‘learn’ by cumulative trial‐and‐error feedback; Lamarckian immunity uses templated targeting (guided adaptation) to internalize heritable information on potential threats; finally, shotgun immunity operates through somatic mechanisms of variable targeting without feedback.We argue that the origin of Darwinian (but not Lamarckian or shotgun) immunity represents a radical innovation in the evolution of individuality and complexity, and propose to add it to the list of major evolutionary transitions. While transitions to higher‐level units entail the suppression of selection at lower levels, Darwinian immunity re‐opens cell‐level selection within the multicellular organism, under the control of mechanisms that direct, rather than suppress, cell‐level evolution for the benefit of the individual. From a conceptual point of view, the origin of Darwinian immunity can be regarded as the most radical transition in the history of life, in which evolution by natural selection has literally re‐invented itself. Furthermore, the combination of clonal selection and somatic receptor diversity enabled a transition from limited to practically unlimited capacity to store information about the antigenic environment. The origin of Darwinian immunity therefore comprises both a transition in individuality and the emergence of a new information system – the two hallmarks of major evolutionary transitions.Finally, we present an evolutionary scenario for the origin of Darwinian immunity in vertebrates. We propose a revival of the concept of the ‘Big Bang’ of vertebrate immunity, arguing that its origin involved a ‘difficult’ (i.e. low‐probability) evolutionary transition that might have occurred only once, in a common ancestor of all vertebrates. In contrast to the original concept, we argue that the limiting innovation was not the generation of somatic diversity, but the regulatory circuitry needed for the safe operation of amplifiable immune responses with somatically acquired targeting. Regulatory complexity increased abruptly by genomic duplications at the root of the vertebrate lineage, creating a rare opportunity to establish such circuitry. We discuss the selection forces that might have acted at the origin of the transition, and in the subsequent stepwise evolution leading to the modern immune systems of extant vertebrates.
Thyroid disease symptoms during early pregnancy do not identify women with thyroid hypofunction that should be treated
Authors: Pop VJ , Broeren MA , Wiersinga WM , Stagnaro‐Green A 
Published: July 2017

SummaryObjectiveTo evaluate whether women during early pregnancy with “hypothyroidism” symptoms are at risk of biochemically defined hypothyroidism. The 2017 Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association (ATA) recommend case‐finding on the basis of symptoms to identify these women during pregnancy, while evidence is lacking.DesignConstruct validation of a thyroid hypofunction symptom checklist during the first trimester of pregnancy comparing high scores with biochemically defined hypothyroidism.PatientsA total of 2198 healthy pregnant women from an iodine‐sufficient area in 2013‐2014.MeasurementsCompletion of a draft questionnaire with “classical” symptoms of hypothyroidism at 12 weeks of gestation. The 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of TSH and fT4 during pregnancy in TPO‐Ab‐negative (<35 kU/L) women were used to define euthyroid women and those with overt (clinical) and subclinical hypothyroidism. The prevalence of overt (subclinical) hypothyroidism was compared between women with high symptom scores and those with low symptom scores.ResultsAccording to fT4 and TSH cut‐offs (0.23‐4.0 mIU/L and 11.5‐18.0 pmol/L, respectively), there were 15 women with “to treat hypofunction” (overt hypothyroidism or TSH >10 mIU/L) and 68 women with subclinical hypothyroidism. Questionnaire construct validation revealed a 12‐item hypothyroid checklist with normally distributed scores. The cut‐off indicating high scores of OH was set at 1 SD > mean. Women with high symptom scores did not present more often with biochemically defined thyroid hypofunction.ConclusionThis study does not support the ATA recommendation that pregnant women who require levothyroxine therapy can be identified by case‐based screening of women with symptoms of thyroid disease.
Normalizing post adoption support for all
Authors: Lushey Clare , Holmes Lisa , McDermid Samantha 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWithin a context of substantial adoption policy reform in England, this paper explores post adoption support. Findings from a small‐scale survey of 22 local authorities in England and interviews with 11 adoption practitioners (from 11 of the authorities that completed the survey) are presented and related national policy discussed. The paper argues that support should continue postmatching a child with their adoptive parent(s) and that this should be the norm rather than the exception. It also emphasizes the need to improve the availability of and access to post adoption support in a timely manner.
Progressive subglottic stenosis in a child with Pallister‐Killian syndrome
Authors: Shiohama Tadashi , Fujii Katsunori , Shimizu Kenji , Ohashi Hirofumi , Takatani Tomozumi , Okamoto Nobuhiko , Nishimura Gen , Kato Mitsuhiro , Shimojo Naoki 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTPallister‐Killian syndrome (PKS) is rare genetic disorder caused by tetrasomy 12p mosaicism with supernumerary isochromosome 12p that manifests with intellectual disability, craniofacial dysmorphism, and epilepsy. Although PKS presents as a multisystem morphological defect, respiratory system involvement is rare, except for diaphragmatic hernia. We are the first to report a case of PKS with progressive subglottic stenosis. Subglottic stenosis is a potentially lethal condition due to severe respiratory obstruction and difficult intubation; therefore, further accumulation of cases is required to assess the causal link between PKS and subglottic stenosis.
Clinical, radiological, and gene expression analyses in smokers and non‐smokers, Part 2: RCT on the late healing phase of osseointegration
Authors: Sayardoust Shariel , Omar Omar , Norderyd Ola , Thomsen Peter 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe mechanisms behind the impact of smoking on osseointegration are not fully understood.PurposeTo investigate the initial clinical and molecular course of osseointegration of different implants in smokers and non‐smokers in a randomized controlled trial (RCT).Materials and MethodsSmoking (n = 16) and non‐smoking (n = 16) patients received 3 implant types: machined, oxidized, and laser‐modified surfaces. Baseline bone biopsies were retrieved from the implant sites. After 60 and 90 days, the pain score, implant stability quotient (ISQ), and peri‐implant crevicular fluid (PICF) gene expression were analyzed. Furthermore, radiological and clinical assessments were made at 90 days.ResultsAt 90 days, no pain was reported, irrespective of smoking habit. A higher ISQ was found in smokers compared with non‐smokers. Marginal bone loss (MBL) was greater in smokers than in non‐smokers. The comparison of implant surfaces revealed greater MBL exclusively at the machined implants in smokers. At 90 days in smokers, the PICF around machined implants revealed a higher expression of the proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and a lower expression of the osteogenic gene, osteocalcin (OC), compared with the PICF around modified implants. Furthermore, OC expression was lower at machined implants in smokers compared with machined implants in non‐smokers. After adjustment for age and implant location (maxilla/mandible), multivariate regression revealed the following predictors of MBL: smoking, bleeding on probing at 90 days, hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF‐1α) expression at baseline and IL‐6 expression in PICF at 90 days.ConclusionsDuring the early phase of osseointegration, non‐smokers and smokers present a similar, high implant survival. In contrast, smokers present a greater MBL, particularly at machined implants. HIF‐1α baseline expression in the recipient bone and IL‐6 expression in PICF cells are important molecular determinants for MBL after 90 days. It is concluded that smoking has an early effect on osseointegration, which is dependent on the implant surface properties and the local host response.
Dimensional changes of the maxillary sinus following tooth extraction in the posterior maxilla with and without socket preservation
Authors: Levi Itay , Halperin‐Sternfeld Michal , Horwitz Jacob , Zigdon‐Giladi Hadar , Machtei Eli E. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundSinus pneumatization is commonly observed following tooth extraction in the posterior maxilla, however, the role of this pneumatization in the overall changes in the vertical bone height is not clear.PurposeTo compare dimensional changes in the alveolar ridge and corresponding maxillary sinus following tooth extraction, with or without socket preservation.Materials and Methods42 patients underwent tooth extraction (control group) and 21 patients underwent tooth extraction with socket preservation using DBBM (study group). Panoramic radiographs, prior to and approximately 1 year post extractions were superimposed and matched using a fixed reference unit. The following measurements were performed in the midline of the tooth site: distance of the bone crest to the sinus floor; distance of the sinus floor to the sinus roof and the sagittal circumference of the maxillary.ResultsThe mean change in the distance from the sinus floor to the sinus roof pre and post operatively was 0.30 mm (±0.10 SE) in the study group and 1.30 mm (±0.27 SE) in the control group (P = .0221). The mean change in the distance from the bone crest to the sinus floor was 0.32 mm (±0.09 SE) in the study group and 1.26 mm (±0.28 SE) in the control group (P = .0019), and the mean change in the sinus sagittal circumference was 37.34 mm (±6.10 SE) and 125.95 mm (±15.60 SE), respectively (P = .0001).ConclusionsRidge preservation using bovine derived xenograft might reduce sinus pneumatization along with minimizing crestal bone resorption.
Histologic and histomorphometric assessment of sinus‐floor augmentation with beta‐tricalcium phosphate alone or in combination with pure‐platelet‐rich plasma or platelet‐rich fibrin: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Cömert Kılıç Songül , Güngörmüş Metin , Parlak Seçil Nazife 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe potential effects of adding pure platelet‐rich plasma (P‐PRP) or platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) to beta‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) graft substitute on bone formation and regeneration after maxillary sinus‐floor elevation remains unclear.PurposeTo compare the histologic and histomorphometric outcomes of maxillary sinus‐floor augmentation among β‐TCP alone, P‐PRP‐mixed β‐TCP, and PRF‐mixed β‐TCP.Material and MethodsIn this randomized clinical trial, elevated sinus cavities were grafted with β‐TCP (the control group), P‐PRP‐mixed β‐TCP (the P‐PRP group), and PRF‐mixed β‐TCP (PRF group). The sample was composed of 26 patients: 9 subjects in control and P‐PRP groups, and 8 subjects in PRF group. After a 6‐month, healing period, bone graft biopsies were harvested prior to implant placement, and the specimens were analyzed. The main outcome variables included findings of histologic and histomorphometric analyses of the bone graft biopsies. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests.ResultsThe mean percentages of new bone formations were 33.40 ± 10.43%, 34.83 ± 10.12%, and 32.03 ± 6.34% in control, P‐PRP, and PRF groups, respectively, with no significant differences (P > .05). Mean percentages of residual graft particle area were 30.39 ± 10.29%, 28.98 ± 7.94%, and 32.66 ± 7.46% in control, P‐PRP, and PRF groups, respectively, with no significant differences (P > .05). The mean percentages of soft‐tissue area were 36.21 ± 10.59%, 36.19 ± 13.94%, and 35.31 ± 10.81% in control, P‐PRP, and PRF groups, respectively, with no significant differences (P > .05). Mean densities of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, and capillary vessels showed insignificant difference between groups (P > .05), but osteoprogenitor cells were lower and inflammatory cells were higher in the PRF group than those in other groups (P < .01). Biopsies of P‐PRP, PRF, and control groups showed similar composition and distribution of histologic structures.ConclusionThese findings suggested that adding P‐PRP or PRF to β‐TCP graft substitute was not beneficial on new bone formation and regeneration, and P‐PRP plus β‐TCP or PRF plus β‐TCP is not superior to β‐TCP alone.
Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss and ménière syndrome: The role of cerebral venous drainage
Authors: Ciccone M. M. , Scicchitano P. , Gesualdo M. , Cortese F. , Zito A. , Manca F. , Boninfante B. , Recchia P. , Leogrande D. , Viola D. , Damiani M. , Gambacorta V. , Piccolo A. , De Ceglie V. , Quaranta N. 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesTo evaluate the influence of cerebral venous drainage on the pathogenesis of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSHL) and Ménière syndrome (MD).DesignObservational, prospective, cohort study.SettingENT and Cardiology Departments (University of Bari, Policlinico Hospital, Bari, Italy).ParticipantsWe enrolled 59 consecutive patients (32 males, mean age 53.05 + 15.37 years): 40 ISSHL and 19 MD.Main outcome measureAll patients underwent physical examination, biochemical evaluation (glycemic and lipid profile, viral serology, C reactive protein, etc), audiometric (tonal, vocal, vestibular evoked myogenic potentials and auditory brainstem response test) and impedentiometric examination. The pure tone average (PTA) was calculated for the following frequencies: 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 8000. An echo‐color Doppler evaluation of the venous cerebral veins, internal jugular (IJV) and vertebral veins (VV) at supine and 90° position was performed.ResultsNo morphological alterations were found both in patients and controls. There were no signs of stenosis, blocked flow, membranes, etc. We found lower minimum, mean and maximum velocities in distal IJVs (P = .019; P = .013; P = .022; respectively) and left VVs (P = .027; P = .008; P = .001; respectively) in supine (0°) position in both MD and ISSHL patients as compared to controls. The same was for orthostatic position (90°). We found negative correlations between the velocities in extracranial veins and PTA values: therefore, the worst the audiometric performance of the subjects, the lower the velocities in the venous cerebral drainage.ConclusionsIdiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss and Ménière syndrome patients showed altered venous flow in IJVs and VVs as compared to controls, independently from posture. This different behavior of venous tone control can influence the ear performance and may have a role in the pathogenesis of both diseases.
Abstraction and the (Misnamed) Language Familiarity Effect
Authors: Johnson Elizabeth K. , Bruggeman Laurence , Cutler Anne 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTalkers are recognized more accurately if they are speaking the listeners’ native language rather than an unfamiliar language. This “language familiarity effect” has been shown not to depend upon comprehension and must instead involve language sound patterns. We further examine the level of sound‐pattern processing involved, by comparing talker recognition in foreign languages versus two varieties of English, by (a) English speakers of one variety, (b) English speakers of the other variety, and (c) non‐native listeners (more familiar with one of the varieties). All listener groups performed better with native than foreign speech, but no effect of language variety appeared: Native listeners discriminated talkers equally well in each, with the native variety never outdoing the other variety, and non‐native listeners discriminated talkers equally poorly in each, irrespective of the variety's familiarity. The results suggest that this talker recognition effect rests not on simple familiarity, but on an abstract level of phonological processing.
Big data regression with parallel enhanced and convex incremental extreme learning machines
Authors: Kokkinos Yiannis , Margaritis Konstantinos G. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis work considers scalable incremental extreme learning machine (I‐ELM) algorithms, which could be suitable for big data regression. During the training of I‐ELMs, the hidden neurons are presented one by one, and the weights are based solely on simple direct summations, which can be most efficiently mapped on parallel environments. Existing incremental versions of ELMs are the I‐ELM, enhanced incremental ELM (EI‐ELM), and convex incremental ELM (CI‐ELM). We study the enhanced and convex incremental ELM (ECI‐ELM) algorithm, which is a combination of the last 2 versions. The main findings are that ECI‐ELM is fast, accurate, and fully scalable when it operates in a parallel system of distributed memory workstations. Experimental simulations on several benchmark data sets demonstrate that the ECI‐ELM is the most accurate among the existing I‐ELM, EI‐ELM, and CI‐ELM algorithms. We also analyze the convergence as a function of the hidden neurons and demonstrate that ECI‐ELM has the lowest error rate curve and converges much faster than the other algorithms in all of the data sets. The parallel simulations also reveal that the data parallel training of the ECI‐ELM can guarantee simplicity and straightforward mappings and can deliver speedups and scale‐ups very close to linear.