bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fonds fermés, fonds morts ?
Authors: HILDESHEIMER Françoise 
Published: March 2017

Are " closed " archive groups " dead " archive groups ?
The author reflects about the notion of " closure " applied to archive groups which have lost all immediate administrative usefulness, and are therefore considered as " cultural material. They are no longer submitted to selection, since they are, as a rule, to be integrally preserved. The problem with which they are faced is arrangement. The archivist should be very prudent in applying to them the general " principle of structure i.e. maintaining the original order of documents. The method of serial numbering, commonly used by French archivists for modem records, can be extended to historical archives, since those need essentially simple and practical finding aids, such as the " répertoire numérique " [summary list], cheap to realize and covering the whole of an archive group. There remains, however, quite a variety of possible finding aids, from the detailed " calendar " to the simple " guide " or the computer listing. In all cases, emphasis should be put on the annexes of the finding aid — institutional history, bibliography, complementary sources, published texts — , which put the finding aid in direct relation with a living historical environment.
Qu'est-ce que les archives ? Un débat insolite au sein des facultés parisiennes en 1878
Authors: MORELLE Laurent 
Published: March 2017

What are archives ? An unusual debate in the University of Paris in 1878.
In 1878 a controversy between the archivist and the librarian of the Faculty of Medicine of Paris led the deans of the Parisian Faculties to study the concept of archives. An account of the discussion is given in the article. In a context where the positive image of the library was prevalent, the concept of archives was both devaluated and ill-identified. According to the then predominant " functionalist " theory, the distinction between the respective fields of archives and libraries was based on a criterium of finality (archives = secrecy, internal and administrative use ; library = publicity, use by researchers from outside). In view of this system, the concept of archival document per se scarcely emerged. The text studied in this article is a building-stone for a history, yet to be written, of the concept of archives, — a history which would somehow be a mirror of the conscience which administrations have of themselves.
L'article dans les répertoires : élément de cotation ou élément de rangement ?
Authors: Héon Gilles 
Published: March 2017

Gilles Héon, The archival " article " : a reference number for fiding aids, or just for physical location ?
Assuming that the reference number — whose configuration is reflecting the level of description — is unique and assigned to facilitate the research on the archives, the author analyses several works done in France and in Quebec to define the concept of article, a component of the archivai fonds. He argues that the article, identified by a specific reference number in an archival répertoire, is not just a container but a true archival unit with its own identity based on the nature of the documents or on their — alphabetical, numerical or chronological — arrangement.
Les archives des petites communes
Authors: Arnauld Marie Paule 
Published: March 2017

Marie-Paule Arnauld, Archive in kleineren Gemeinden.
Trotz umfangreicher gesetzgeberischer Vorkehrungen, kraft derer die Departementalarchiv-direktoren sich in die Verwaltung der Archive kleinerer Gemeinden einschalten dürfen, bleibt die Lage der letzteren beunruhigend. Seit 1971 sind die Inspektionen um die Hälfte gesunken, und die Anwendung des Gesetzes über die Archive von Gemeinden unter 2000 Einwohnern vom 21. Dezember 1970 hat bei weitem nicht die erwarteten Ergebnisse gezeitigt. Immerhin konnten dank diesem Gesetz verhältnismàssig viele gemeindliche Provenienzbestànde gerettet und dem Publikum zur Verfugung gestellt werden. Neue Schritte (systematisches Einsammeln des Archivguts der kleineren Landgemeinden im Département Orne, Stellenschaffung fur Wander-oder in mehreren Gemeinden wirkende Archivare, Rolle der mehreren Départements gemeinsamen Verwaltungszentren, gebietsweites Unternehmen in Burgund), die sich auf eine darauf zugeschnittene Gesetzgebung (Gesetz, das die Départements zum technischen Beistand zugunsten der Gemeinden berechtigt, vom 7. Januar 1983 ; Gesetz, das das wissenschaftliche und technische Aufsichtsrecht des Staates von neuem bekràftigt, vom 22. Juli 1983) stützen, gestatten, fur die kommenden Jahre eine bessere Verwaltung dieses Erbguts zu erhoffen.
Le Centre des archives d'Outre-mer
Authors: Clair Sylvie 
Published: March 2017

The Centre des archives d'outre-mer.
The new building of the Centre des archives d'outre-mer (Overseas Archives Center) was opened at Aix-en-Provence on 27 March 1987. It houses the archives of the French "second Colonial Empire" coming from two distinct archival and administrative sources : the Dépôt des archives d'outre-mer , already kept at Aix-en-Provence (administratives records of French overseas territories, taken back to France as a conséquence of decolonization) and the Section outre-mer of the Archives nationales , formerly located at Paris, rue Oudinot (records of the French Colonial Office), transfered to Aix-en-Provence in 1986. Although that double origin is a benefit for the Center, it raises difficult problems of cohésion, which can only be solved by the use of modem technology.
Évolution des structures administratives et respect des fonds : l'apport de l'informatique. La nomenclature NI du Centre des archives contemporaines à Fontainebleau
Authors: Ducrot Marie-Odile 
Published: March 2017

Marie-Odile Ducrot, El respeto de los fondos y la evolución de las estructuras administrativas. La ayuda de la informática y el sistema «NI» en el Centro de Archivos Contemporaneos en Fontainebleau.
El articulo describe la experiencia de varios anos de creación y experimentación del sistema «NI» en el Centro de Archivos Contemporaneos en Fontainebleau. A pesar de los frecuentes cambios en las estructuras y funciones de las administraciones del gobierno, la utilización de la informática ayuda a manejar la evolución de los entes que producen archivos y a elaborar un estado de los fondos contemporaneos, con tal que se adopte un «codego» de esos entes, hierarchizado en très niveles, estricto y adaptable. El primer nivel refleta las funciones básicas de la administración nacional, el segundo y el tercero refletan las estructuras administrativas. El sistema (llamado «NI») queda abierto, dado que su estructura de très niveles le permite integrar todos los cambios administratives. El uso de la informática necesita que el tratamiento archivistico de cada fondo sea llevado a cabo inmediatamente después de su entrada, de tal modo que el fondo sea accessible rapida y durablemente.
Un service éducatif et d'action culturelle en direction du jeune public, l'exemple de Fréjus
Authors: Soubervie Edmonde 
Published: March 2017

Edmonde Soubervie, Un servicio para la educación y la cultura del jovén público : el ejemplo de Fréjus.
El Archivo Municipal de Fréjus fue creado en 1981 para el manejo de todos los documentos municipales, tan históricos como modernos. Desde 1982 goza de un servicio educativo, con su propio local y su propio presupuesto, que organiza visitas del Archivo Municipal, exposiciones (incluido una exposición permanente sobre el tema de la historia del urbanismo en Fréjus) y sesiones educativas (22 temas diversos se proponen a los profesores). Hasta ahora, el servicio no ha buscado más que sensibilizar a los alumnos de las escuelas primarias a la historia a través de la historia local. En el futuro se intenta extenderlo a los colegios de la ensenanza media, pero eso necesitará otros recursos.
Les Archives historiques des communautés européennes à Florence
Authors: Jaitner Klaus 
Published: March 2017

Klaus Jaitner, The Historical Archives of the European Communities in Florence.
The Historical Archives of the European Communities was created in Florence by a convention in 1984, within the European University Institute. It was opened in 1985. Its function is to centralize, after a while, all the " permanent " archives of the various European Community bodies, and to make them available to the searchers according to a 30-year access rule which was defined in 1977. However, as the various organs of the European Community have the right to keep and manage their own historical records, the role of the institution created in Florence is still ambiguous and limited. While it is advisable to keep in Brussels and Luxemburg the management of current and intermediary records, it is also important to achieve an effective centralization in Florence of the whole management of historical archives.
La découverte des sources révolutionnaires, il y a cent ans. Les inventaires et collections de documents sur la Révolution publiés à l'occasion du Centenaire
Authors: KRAKOVITCH Odile 
Published: March 2017

Odile Krakovitch, The discovery of the sources of the French Revolution's history a hundred years ago.
In the beginning of the 1880's, there existed practically no finding aids, no inventories of archives of the French Revolution and First Empire periods. Twenty years later, the historians disposed of huge collections, collectanea and editions of texts which are even now the reference works for the study of 1789. On the occasion of the Bicentenary in 1989, parallel to numerous symposia and studies on the posterity of the French Revolution in the I9th century, this article makes a survey of all the scholarly and archival works which were made for the First Centenary, in Paris as well as in the départements : inventories of Series L and Q in half of the departements, and above all, on the national level, publication of considerable collections of unpublished documents, on the initiative first of the Ministère de l'Instruction publique and Professor Aulard, secondly of the Municipal Council of Paris, finally of the Société d'Histoire de la Révolution. These scholarly archivists and historians were men of strong political dedication, with a deep faith in the future of the Republic and the driving power of the Revolution.
L'Unesco et le développement de l'archivistique : utilisation, diffusion et évaluation des études Ramp
Authors: Couture Carol , Lajeunesse Marcel 
Published: March 2017

Unesco and the development of archivai science : the use, dissemination and evaluation of RAMP studies.
With the help of funding from The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRCC) the authors undertook in 1988 a research programme wich is divided in three phases (international legislation, archivai principles and functions, education and research) concerning the state of archivai science. During the second phase, they completed an analysis and evaluation of the content and use of Unesco's RAMP studies. The present article contains the resuit of their research. In it they discuss the degree of application and use of the information contained in these studies within archives and teaching institutions. After describing the methodology used in the study, they analyse the data collected concerning the RAMP studies themselves, their use and the evaluation of them by participants. Finally, the authors report on the situation and provide recommendations.
Un service autonome : le Service des archives économiques et financières
Authors: Gasnault François 
Published: March 2017

François Gasnault, The Economical and financial archives Department.
A self sufficient department from its création, " the Economical and financial archives department (SAEF) " has developped into a Consulting agency for the administration. Intermediate storage is one of the services offered from the start. It has been developped with the transfert to Bercy in 1985. The SAEF préparés the storage : it only accepts identified documents for which the final destruction and the administrative life are known. The documents to be kept and those to be eliminated are separated as soon as they are collected. The SAEF runs, with the SYDOSI application, an intermediate storage facility at Bercy. The SAEF has developped a partnership with the documentation centers. As a resuit, its equipment needs are better taken into account, but above all, it has established continous relations with the producing departments. Intermediate storage also separates the collection of documents from the scientific tasks of sorting, classification and inventory. The archives elaboration process is postponed to a future appraisal.
Les documents judiciaires : les modalités de leur communication et leurs délais de communicabilité
Authors: Banat-Berger Françoise 
Published: March 2017

Judicial documents : access procedures and schedules.
The issue is to examine whether the existing législative and regulatory texts on access procedures and schedules relating to judicial documents are sufficient.
In fact, procedure codes deal mainly with how clearly debates and verdicts can be publicized, how ail information transferred to the national criminal filing system can be kept secret, how strictly regulated the production of documents firom the procedure file can be, and how confidential files produced by the penitentiary administration can remain ; moreover, the Ministry of Justice makes a very restrictive interpretation of the first part of the law of July 1 7 1 978 . Finally, it is difficult to understand the references to judicial documents contained in the law on Archives of January 3 1979, while decree 79-1038 makes no mention of them.
Les annexes des Archives départementales : synthèse d'une enquête
Authors: Playoust Arlette 
Published: March 2017

32 französische Départements-Archive verfugen über Zweigstellen, von denen 26 auf die Umfrage geantwortet haben. Grtinde für die Einrichtung von Zweigstellen sind gewöhnlich Platzprobleme bei der Vorarchivierung und der Archivierung ; bei 8 Dépôts jedoch ist es eine historische oder geographische Wahl, die ihre Existenz begrundet.
Wenngleich die Existenz solcher Zweigstellen Vorteile aufweisen kann (mehr Lagerungsraum, verdoppeltes Image der Départements-Archive, mehr Leser und mehr Mitarbeiter), so uberwiegen anscheinend doch die Nachteile (grössere Schwierigkeiten bei der Verwaltung und beim Zugang zu den Beständen, räumliche Trennung der Mitarbeiter, höhere Verwaltungskosten).
In den meisten Fällen bevorzugen die Archivare ein einziges Gebäude -die Frage ist nur, ob sie dabei auch tatsächlich mitentscheiden können.
Le pays «Bassée-Montois » : problématique et perspectives
Authors: Rambaud Isabelle 
Published: March 2017

The Seine et Marne Départemental Archives launched between October 1996 and May 1997 a sériés of 47 visits to municipal archives as part of the «Pays Bassée-Montois » operation. The recruitment of an intercommunal archivist was suggested.
The analysis of the various obstacles to this project sheds light on the often touchy relations between national government, départements and cities in the field of local cultural development.
Le CARAN : passer un nouveau contrat de confiance avec les usagers
Authors: Arnauld Marie Paule 
Published: March 2017

Inauguré en 1988, le CARAN devait assurer dans des conditions optimales l'accueil du public aux Archives nationales. Dix ans plus tard, le constat est mitigé et les problèmes sont loin d'être résolus.
Les évolutions sont indispensables ; elles emprunteront des voies diverses : aménagements spatiaux, élaboration d'outils d'orientation d'un genre nouveau, évolution du système informatique. Mais surtout, s'avère impérative une réflexion sur l'organisation du travail pour en réduire la pénibilité tout en assurant un meilleur service au public.
Introduction. Chercheurs amateurs, chercheurs professionnels : de la formation au dialogue
Authors: Chagny Anne-Marie 
Published: March 2017

A Round-table between Amateur and Professional Researchers :from Training to Dialogue.
Welcoming all types of researchers is one of our basic missions. In order to give appropriate answers to specific expectations, a certain number of experiments have been initiated : training for amateur researchers at the Archives of the Seine-et-Marne département, specific access for documentary journalists in Marseilles, individual appointments for professional researchers at the Center for XXth century history of the Fondation nationale des Sciences politiques and various training sessions for university teachers and students in the Maine-et-Loire département.
Quels publics pour les expositions d'archives ?
Authors: Joly Marie-Hélène 
Published: March 2017

Welche Benutzer fur die Archivaustellungen ?
Ist Archive auszustellen und sie wirklich dem breiten Publikum zugänglich zu machen heutzutage unmöglich ? Hat man wirklich das Mass der Änderungen der Geschichtslehre, der Abnahme der Schreibkultur und der Entwicklung der neuen Technologien genommen ?
Widersprechend in einer virtuellen Zivilisation hat der direkte Kontakt mit dem authentischen Dokument Zukunft, aber man muss neueVorstellungs- und Erklärungszugange erfinden konnen. Mehr als die technische Rezepte, die ihre Wichtigkeit haben, muss man sich vor allem nicht nur an seinesgleichen wenden, sondern die wirkliche Kenntnisse und Erwartungen des Publikums in Betracht nehmen.
Le devenir des archives dans les régimes post-autoritaires
Authors: Gonzalez Quintana Antonio 
Published: March 2017

Le devenir des archives dans les régimes post autoritaires
Le rapport sur les archives des anciens régimes répressifs, préparé pour l’UNESCO et le Conseil International des Archives en 1996, a souligné l’importance cruciale de la conservation de ces documents puisqu’ils servent autant à la défense des personnes affectées par ces régimes qu’à la consolidation de la démocratie et à la reconstruction de la cohésion sociale. Comme la conservation des archives de la répression conditionne l’exercice de toute une série de droits collectifs et individuels, les nouvelles autorités démocratiques doivent adopter une législation adéquate. La loi doit considérer ces archives comme des biens culturels, en assurer la protection et en fixer les conditions d’accès. Compte tenu des risques de politisation de ces documents, il est indispensable que les archivistes en charge des archives de la répression adoptent un code de déontologie qui affirme le caractère patrimonial de ces archives et l’obligation pour les archivistes d’en préserver l’intégrité.
Paroles sollicitées, interprétées, abusées. La problématique des témoignages dans les procès pour crimes contre l’humanité
Authors: Pantz Sylvie 
Published: March 2017

Paroles sollicitées, interprétées, abusées. La problématique des témoignages dans les procès pour crimes contre l’humanité
Après avoir travaillé au Tribunal pénal international pour l’ex-Yougoslavie pendant quatre ans, de 1996 à 1999, l’auteur est retournée à La Haye préparer son intervention. Elle porte un regard neuf sur le TPIY qu’elle avait quitté dans la phase de «cueillette des preuves » et qu’elle retrouve très bien rôdé et doté de moyens sophistiqués à quelque temps de sa fermeture. Plus qu’aux archives du TPIY, bien conservées, c’est aux témoins qui ont déposé à La Haye et particulièrement aux témoins «potentiels » qu’elle s’intéresse. Elle craint qu’à la fermeture du Tribunal ils ne soient laissés pour compte parce qu’on a estimé inutile de les appeler à témoigner lors d’un procès. Elle souhaite que les justices nationales s’approprient ces affaires qui ne relèvent pas de la compétence du TPIY, ce qui donnerait l’occasion à ces témoins négligés de témoigner. Elle estime en conclusion qu’il serait légitime de restituer ces preuves, non pas aux Nations unies mais à leurs «propriétaires » . Elle s’interroge sur le lieu où les déposer, sans pouvoir apporter de réponse.
An efficient field and laboratory workflow for plant phylotranscriptomic projects
Authors: Yang Ya , Moore Michael J. , Brockington Samuel F. , Timoneda Alfonso , Feng Tao , Marx Hannah E. , Walker Joseph F. , Smith Stephen A. 
Published: March 2017

Premise of the study:We describe a field and laboratory workflow developed for plant phylotranscriptomic projects that involves cryogenic tissue collection in the field, RNA extraction and quality control, and library preparation. We also make recommendations for sample curation.Methods and Results:A total of 216 frozen tissue samples of Caryophyllales and other angiosperm taxa were collected from the field or botanical gardens. RNA was extracted, stranded mRNA libraries were prepared, and libraries were sequenced on Illumina HiSeq platforms. These included difficult mucilaginous tissues such as those of Cactaceae and Droseraceae.Conclusions:Our workflow is not only cost effective (ca. $270 per sample, as of August 2016, from tissue to reads) and time efficient (less than 50 h for 10–12 samples including all laboratory work and sample curation), but also has proven robust for extraction of difficult samples such as tissues containing high levels of secondary compounds.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with Aliphatic Sidegroups: Intensity Scaling for the C–H Stretching Modes and Astrophysical Implications
Authors: Yang X. J. , Li Aigen , Glaser R. , Zhong J. X. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The so-called unidentified infrared emission (UIE) features at 3.3, 6.2, 7.7, 8.6, and

ubiquitously seen in a wide variety of astrophysical regions are generally attributed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules. Astronomical PAHs may have an aliphatic component, as revealed by the detection in many UIE sources of the aliphatic C–H stretching feature at

. The ratio of the observed intensity of the

feature to that of the

aromatic C–H feature allows one to estimate the aliphatic fraction of the UIE carriers. This requires knowledge of the intrinsic oscillator strengths of the

aromatic C–H stretch (

) and the

aliphatic C–H stretch (

). Lacking experimental data on

and

for the UIE candidate materials, one often has to rely on quantum-chemical computations. Although the second-order Møller–Plesset (MP2) perturbation theory with a large basis set is more accurate than the B3LYP density functional theory, MP2 is computationally very demanding and impractical for large molecules. Based on methylated PAHs, we show here that, by scaling the band strengths computed at an inexpensive level (e.g., B3LYP/6-31G*), we are able to obtain band strengths as accurate as those computed at far more expensive levels (e.g., MP2/6-311+G(3df,3pd)). We calculate the model spectra of methylated PAHs and their cations excited by starlight of different spectral shapes and intensities. We find that

, the ratio of the model intensity of the

feature to that of the

feature, is insensitive to the spectral shape and intensity of the exciting starlight. We derive a straightforward relation for determining the aliphatic fraction of the UIE carriers (i.e., the ratio of the number of C atoms in aliphatic units

to that in aromatic rings

) from the observed band ratios

:

for neutrals and

for cations.