bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interplay between metavalent bonds and dopant orbitals enables the design of SnTe thermoelectrics
Authors: Tang Guodong , Liu Yuqi , Yang Xiaoyu , Zhang Yongsheng , Nan Pengfei , Ying Pan , Gong Yaru , Zhang Xuemei , Ge Binghui , Lin Nan , Miao Xuefei , Song Kun , Schön Carl-Friedrich , Cagnoni Matteo , Kim Dasol , Yu Yuan , Wuttig Matthias 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEngineering the electronic band structures upon doping is crucial to improve the thermoelectric performance of materials. Understanding how dopants influence the electronic states near the Fermi level is thus a prerequisite to precisely tune band structures. Here, we demonstrate that the Sn-s states in SnTe contribute to the density of states at the top of the valence band. This is a consequence of the half-filled p-p σ-bond (metavalent bonding) and its resulting symmetry of the orbital phases at the valence band maximum (L point of the Brillouin zone). This insight provides a recipe for identifying superior dopants. The overlap between the dopant s- and the Te p-state is maximized, if the spatial overlap of both orbitals is maximized and their energetic difference is minimized. This simple design rule has enabled us to screen out Al as a very efficient dopant to enhance the local density of states for SnTe. In conjunction with doping Sb to tune the carrier concentration and alloying with AgBiTe2 to promote band convergence, as well as introducing dislocations to impede phonon propagation, a record-high average ZT of 1.15 between 300 and 873 K and a large ZT of 0.36 at 300 K is achieved in Sn0.8Al0.08Sb0.15Te-4%AgBiTe2.
Coral photosymbiosis on Mid-Devonian reefs
Authors: Jung Jonathan , Zoppe Simon F. , Söte Till , Moretti Simone , Duprey Nicolas N. , Foreman Alan D. , Wald Tanja , Vonhof Hubert , Haug Gerald H. , Sigman Daniel M. , Mulch Andreas , Schindler Eberhard , Janussen Dorte , Martínez-García Alfredo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe ability of stony corals to thrive in the oligotrophic (low-nutrient, low-productivity) surface waters of the tropical ocean is commonly attributed to their symbiotic relationship with photosynthetic dinoflagellates1,2. The evolutionary history of this symbiosis might clarify its organismal and environmental roles3, but its prevalence through time, and across taxa, morphologies and oceanic settings, is currently unclear4–6. Here we report measurements of the nitrogen isotope (15N/14N) ratio of coral-bound organic matter (CB-δ15N) in samples from Mid-Devonian reefs (Givetian, around 385 million years ago), which represent a constraint on the evolution of coral photosymbiosis. Colonial tabulate and fasciculate (dendroid) rugose corals have low CB-δ15N values (2.51 ± 0.97‰) in comparison with co-occurring solitary and (pseudo)colonial (cerioid or phaceloid) rugose corals (5.52 ± 1.63‰). The average of the isotopic difference per deposit (3.01 ± 0.58‰) is statistically indistinguishable from that observed between modern symbiont-barren and symbiont-bearing corals (3.38 ± 1.05‰). On the basis of this evidence, we infer that Mid-Devonian tabulate and some fasciculate (dendroid) rugose corals hosted active photosymbionts, while solitary and some (pseudo)colonial (cerioid or phaceloid) rugose corals did not. The low CB-δ15N values of the Devonian tabulate and fasciculate rugose corals relative to the modern range suggest that Mid-Devonian reefs formed in biogeochemical regimes analogous to the modern oligotrophic subtropical gyres. Widespread oligotrophy during the Devonian may have promoted coral photosymbiosis, the occurrence of which may explain why Devonian reefs were the most productive reef ecosystems of the Phanerozoic.
Integrating observational and modelled data to advance the understanding of heat stress effects on pregnant subsistence farmers in the gambia
Authors: Bouverat Carole , Badjie Jainaba , Samateh Tida , Saidy Tida , Murray Kris A. , Prentice Andrew M. , Maxwell Neil , Haines Andy , Vicedo Cabrera Ana Maria , Bonell Ana 
Published: October 2024

AbstractStudies on the effect of heat stress on pregnant women are scarce, particularly in highly vulnerable populations. To support the risk assessment of pregnant subsistence farmers in the West Kiang district, The Gambia we conducted a study on the pathophysiological effects of extreme heat stress and assessed the applicability of heat stress indices. From ERA5 climate reanalysis we added location-specific modelled solar radiation to datasets of a previous observational cohort study involving on-site measurements of 92 women working in the heat. Associations between physiological and environmental variables were assessed through Pearson correlation coefficient analysis, mixed effect linear models with random intercepts per participant and confirmatory composite analysis. We found Pearson correlations between r-values of 0 and 0.54, as well as independent effects of environmental variables on skin- and tympanic temperature, but not on heart rate, within a confidence interval of 98%. Pregnant women experienced stronger pathophysiological effects from heat stress in their third rather than in their second trimester. Environmental heat stress significantly altered maternal heat strain, particularly under humid conditions above a 50% relative humidity threshold, demonstrating interactive effects. Based on our results, we recommend including heat stress indices (e.g. UTCI or WBGT) in local heat-health warning systems.
Noise filter using a periodic system of dual Helmholtz resonators
Authors: El Malki Mohamed , Khettabi Ali , Sallah Mohammed , Zaky Zaky A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study investigates noise reduction using a periodic arrangement of dual Helmholtz resonators and explores the introduction of defects within this periodic structure. The transfer matrix method was employed to carry out theoretical research. The computations of the interface response function approach results are verified, and consistent outcomes are demonstrated. The simulation results highlight the distinctive dual resonance frequencies of dual Helmholtz resonators. By differentiating dual Helmholtz resonators from traditional Helmholtz resonators, prospective applications for low-frequency noise reduction are envisioned. In this contribution, introducing defects in the middle of perfect dual Helmholtz resonators adds more value to the acoustic filter. In particular, the first neck and cavity of the defective dual Helmholtz resonator. This study shows that introducing a 2D-defect into identical dual Helmholtz resonators can improve the transmission of defect modes by taking advantage of the advantageous interaction of the resonant modes. In such arrangements, the entire structure functioned as a potent selective filter.
Emotional contagion to vocal smile revealed by combined pupil reactivity and motor resonance
Authors: Merchie Annabelle , Ranty Zoé , Aguillon-Hernandez Nadia , Aucouturier Jean-Julien , Wardak Claire , Gomot Marie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe interplay between the different components of emotional contagion (i.e. emotional state and facial motor resonance), both during implicit and explicit appraisal of emotion, remains controversial. The aims of this study were (i) to distinguish between these components thanks to vocal smile processing and (ii) to assess how they reflect implicit processes and/or an explicit appraisal loop. Emotional contagion to subtle vocal emotions was studied in 25 adults through motor resonance and Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) reactivity. Facial expressions (fEMG: facial electromyography) and pupil dilation were assessed during the processing and judgement of artificially emotionally modified sentences. fEMG revealed that Zygomaticus major was reactive to the perceived valence of sounds, whereas the activity of Corrugator supercilii reflected explicit judgement. Timing analysis of pupil dilation provided further insight into both the emotional state and the implicit and explicit processing of vocal emotion, showing earlier activity for emotional stimuli than for neutral stimuli, followed by valence-dependent variations and a late judgement-dependent increase in pupil diameter. This innovative combination of different electrophysiological measures shed new light on the debate between central and peripherical views within the framework of emotional contagion.
Antibacterial activity of green synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles against multidrug-resistant bacteria
Authors: Khairy Toka , Amin Dina Hatem , Salama Hanaa Mohamed , Elkholy Iman Mohamed Amin , Elnakib Mostafa , Gebreel Hassan Mahmoud , Sayed Hayam Abd Elnabi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUsing plant extracts in the green synthesis of nanoparticles has become an environmentally acceptable approach. In our study, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were synthesized using ethanolic extracts of Azadirachta indica and Simmondsia chinensis. CuO NP formation was confirmed by the change in color and by UV‒visible spectroscopy (CuO NPs peaked at a wavelength of 344 nm). TEM images confirmed the semispherical shape of the CuO NPs, with particle sizes ranging from 30.9 to 10.7 nm. The antibacterial activity of these NPs was evaluated by using the agar diffusion method against clinical isolates, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CuO NPs ranged from 62.5 to 125 µg/ml. In contrast, the antioxidant activity and antibiofilm activity of CuO NPs ranged from 31.1 to 92.2% at 125–500 µg/ml and 62.2–95%, respectively, at 125 –62.5 µg/ml. Our results confirmed that CuO NPs had IC50s of 383.41 ± 3.4 and 402.73 ± 1.86 at 250 µg/mL against the HBF4 cell line. Molecular docking studies with CuO NPs suggested that penicillin-binding protein 4 (PBP4) and beta-lactamase proteins (OXA-48) strongly bind to S. aureus and K. pneumoniae, respectively, with CuO NPs. Our study confirms the promising use of CuO NPs in treating pathogenic bacteria and that CuO NPs could be possible alternative antibiotics. This study supports the pharmaceutical and healthcare sectors in Egypt and worldwide.
Modeling and optimization of a modified iron-yoked electromagnetic propulsion system using the gravitational search algorithm
Authors: Magdy M. Mohamed , El-Hussieny Haitham , Fath El-Bab Ahmed M. R. , Abdo Mahmoud M. M. , Ahmed Sabah M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPotential uses for electromagnetic launchers in defense systems, space exploration, and transportation have recently emerged. In addition, this accelerator has many applications, such as deploying small satellites into low-earth orbit and accelerating high-speed trains (e.g., bullet trains and Hyperloop) with a low-cost propulsion system instead of expensive linear motors, particularly in space applications. Therefore, the full capability and optimization of these launchers’ efficiency are still required. Therefore, this paper focuses on presenting a new design to decrease the coil’s magnetic circuit reluctance and boost the magnetic flux lines by adding a laminated iron yoke surrounding the coil. This design makes the inductance value of the iron-yoked accelerator twice the inductance in case of the absence of the iron-yoke at its peak. Additionally, the initial inductance of the iron-yoked accelerator is approximately 65% higher than that of the coil without the iron yoke. Consequently, the modified design proposed an efficiency of 17.5%, which represents a 60% improvement over the efficiency of the regular accelerator. In addition, the introduced design eliminates the suck-back force using a fast-switching device (IGBT) to switch the coil off when the projectile reaches half of the coil. Moreover, a mathematical model for the iron-yoked accelerator is built on MATLAB Simulink and validated experimentally. An artificial intelligence optimization technique, the gravitational search algorithm (GSA), is used to optimize the accelerator parameters, such as the number of turns, capacitor value, and capacitor voltage. Finally, the experimental evaluation of the GSA-optimized system demonstrated an additional 15% enhancement in efficiency, bringing the total efficiency to 20%.
Roles of miR-20a-5p in breast cancer based on the clinical and multi-omic (CAMO) cohort and in vitro studies
Authors: Tylden Eline Sol , Delgado André Berli , Lukic Marko , Moi Line , Busund Lill-Tove Rasmussen , Pedersen Mona Irene , Lombardi Ana Paola , Olsen Karina Standahl 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMicroRNAs are involved in breast cancer development and progression, holding potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets or tools. The roles of miR-20a-5p, a member of the oncogenic miR-17-92 cluster, remain poorly understood in the context of breast cancer. In this study, we elucidate the role of miR-20a-5p in breast cancer by examining its associations with breast cancer risk factors and clinicopathological features, and its functional roles in vitro. Tissue microarrays from 313 CAMO cohort breast cancer surgical specimens were constructed, in situ hybridization was performed and miR-20a-5p expression was semiquantitatively scored in tumor stromal fibroblasts, and in the cytoplasm and nuclei of cancer cells. In vitro analysis of the effect of miR-20a-5p transfection on proliferation, migration and invasion was performed in three breast cancer cell lines. High stromal miR-20a-5p was associated with higher Ki67 expression, and higher odds of relapse, compared to low expression. Compared to postmenopausal women, women who were premenopausal at diagnosis had higher odds of high stromal and cytoplasmic miR-20a-5p expression. Cytoplasmic miR-20a-5p was significantly associated with tumor grade. In tumors with high cytoplasmic miR-20a-5p expression compared to low expression, there was a tendency towards having a basal-like subtype and high Ki67. In contrast, high nuclear miR-20a-5p in cancer cells was associated with smaller tumor size and lower odds of lymph node metastasis, compared to low nuclear expression. Transfection with miR-20a-5p in breast cancer cell lines led to increased migration and invasion in vitro. While the majority of our results point towards an oncogenic role, some of our findings indicate that the associations of miR-20a-5p with breast cancer related risk factors and outcomes may vary based on tissue- and subcellular location. Larger studies are needed to validate our findings and further investigate the clinical utility of miR-20a-5p.
A novel green approach for reactive printing of cotton/cellulosic regenerated blended fabrics using trisodium nitrilotriacetate
Authors: Mousa Abdalla A , Almetwally Alsaid A , Nassar Sahar H , Ahmed Nahed S , Fahmy Hesham M , El-Shishtawy Reda M 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOwing to their comfort, handle, and aesthetic characteristics, cotton fabrics will always be the first and primary choice for clothing and apparel. In recent years, regenerated cellulosic fabrics like bamboo, Tencel, and modal fabrics have had many natural advantages. Fabrics based on blending cotton fibres with regenerated cellulosic fibres are considered promising products in textile industry sectors. Use of urea poses ecological problems associated with the high nitrogen content of the printing effluent. Therefore, urea reduction or elimination in reactive dye print pastes is of ecological interest. We report the use of trisodium nitrilotriacetate as a complete substitution of urea and alkali in the conventional reactive printing of cotton/cellulosic regenerated blended fabrics. CI Reactive Black 5 was selected for the present study. Three different print pastes containing urea/alkali, trisodium nitrilotriacetate/alkali and trisodium nitrilotriacetate without alkali were thoroughly investigated. Different factors that may affect the printability of cotton/cellulosic regenerated blended fabrics, such as the concentrations of dye, trisodium nitrilotriacetate, urea, absence or presence of alkali and steaming time in the prints obtained, were evaluated concerning colour strength, dye fixation, dye penetration, levelling, colure, and fastness properties. All printed fabrics using three print pastes obtained excellent to good fastness. The results proved the viability of using TNA as an environmentally friendly approach for urea/alkali-free printing of cellulosics with reactive dyes.
Diagnostic value of routine CT perfusion imaging for radiology residents
Authors: Nicolas Philip M. , Maksoud Ziad , Nacul Nabila Gala , Akkurt Burak Han , Mannil Manoj , Musigmann Manfred 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo evaluate whether incorporating CT perfusion imaging can significantly enhance diagnostic CT accuracy in stroke detection. Two 3rd-year residents (3rd of 5 years of residency) reviewed CT scans of 200 patients with suspected stroke, consisting of 104 patients with a proven stroke and a control group with 96 patients. They analyzed each patient in a blinded and randomized manner in two runs. In one session, they had only non-contrast CT and CT angiography available for diagnosis; in the other session at a later time point, an additional CT perfusion imaging was available. The performance achieved by the two readers was determined in terms of AUC (area under the curve), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value and Cohen’s Kappa. Reader 1 achieved an AUC of 87.64% with the basic stroke-protocol vs. an AUC of 97.4% with an additional CT-perfusion given. Based on the DeLong test, these values differ significantly (p-value: 0.00017). Reader 2 achieved an AUC of 91.23% in basic stroke-protocol vs. an AUC of 96.42% with an additional CT-perfusion. These values also differ significantly (p-value: 0.02612).. The performance gain achieved with CT-perfusion is most evident in the decrease in the number of false classified cases (Reader 1: 24 to 5; Reader 2: 18 or 14 to 7) and the significant increase in Cohen’s kappa. Our study shows that additional CT-perfusion imaging in stroke diagnosis significantly improves the diagnostic reliability of residents. Therefore, it should be further investigated whether perfusion imaging should be a general standard of initial stroke diagnosis no matter of the onset.
Process mining in mHealth data analysis
Authors: Winter Michael , Langguth Berthold , Schlee Winfried , Pryss Rüdiger 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis perspective article explores how process mining can extract clinical insights from mobile health data and complement data-driven techniques like machine learning. Despite technological advances, challenges such as selection bias and the complex dynamics of health data require advanced approaches. Process mining focuses on analyzing temporal process patterns and provides complementary insights into health condition variability. The article highlights the potential of process mining for analyzing mHealth data and beyond.
Acquisition and evolution of the neurotoxin domoic acid biosynthesis gene cluster in Pseudo-nitzschia species
Authors: He Ziyan , Xu Qing , Chen Yang , Liu Shuya , Song Huiyin , Wang Hui , Leaw Chui Pin , Chen Nansheng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOf the hitherto over 60 taxonomically identified species in the genus of Pseudo-nitzschia, 26 have been confirmed to be toxigenic. Nevertheless, the acquisition and evolution of the toxin biosynthesis (dab) genes by this extensive group of Pseudo-nitzschia species remains unclear. Through constructing chromosome-level genomes of three Pseudo-nitzschia species and draft genomes of ten additional Pseudo-nitzschia species, putative genomic integration sites for the dab genes in Pseudo-nitzschia species were explored. A putative breakpoint was observed in syntenic regions in the dab gene cluster-lacking Pseudo-nitzschia species, suggesting potential independent losses of dab genes. The breakpoints between this pair of conserved genes were also identified in some dab genes-possessing Pseudo-nitzschia species, suggesting that the dab gene clusters transposed to other loci after the initial integration. A “single acquisition, multiple independent losses (SAMIL)” model is proposed to explain the acquisition and evolution of the dab gene cluster in Pseudo-nitzschia species.
Impact of oxidized low-density lipoprotein on rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cell morphology and function
Authors: Mao Hong , Kruse Larissa D. , Li Ruomei , Oteiza Ana , Struck Eike C. , Schürstedt Jasmin , Hübner Wolfgang , Cogger Victoria C. , Le Couteur David , Wolfson Deanna L. , Huser Thomas , Ahluwalia Balpreet Singh , Øie Cristina , McCourt Peter A. G. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAtherogenesis is associated with elevated plasma levels of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL). In vivo, oxLDL causes liver endothelial swelling, and disrupts liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (LSECs) fenestrations. We mapped the nanoscale kinetics of these changes in vitro in isolated rat LSECs challenged with oxLDL and monitored viability with endocytosis and cytotoxicity assays. OxLDL disrupted LSEC ultrastructure – increasing oxLDL concentrations and oxidation levels caused sieve plate loss, fenestration fusion, and gap formation. Importantly, these effects were not uniform across all LSECs. LSECs retained the ability to endocytose ligands irrespective of the presence of oxLDL. However, increasing oxidation levels and concentrations of oxLDL inhibited LSEC mediated degradation of endocytosed ligands. Viability was unaffected by any oxLDL challenge. In conclusion, oxLDL disrupts LSEC ultrastructural morphology in vitro but LSECs remain viable and mostly maintain the scavenging function during oxLDL challenge.
Zur Bedeutung von Selen für Sport und die Regeneration der
Muskulatur
Authors: Schomburg Lutz 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungSport hat positive Auswirkungen auf die Muskulatur, den Metabolismus, die
kognitiven Fähigkeiten und deren Erhalt. Neue präklinische Modelle und
Humanstudien unterstreichen die große Bedeutung des essenziellen Spurenelements
Selen und der davon abhängigen Selenoproteine, besonders für die
muskuloskeletale Entwicklung, Regeneration nach Belastung, Energiebereitstellung
und die positiven gesundheitlichen Wirkungen von Sport. Hierbei kommt der
Expression des Selentransporters SELENOP eine Schlüsselstellung zu; ein Selen-
und SELENOP-Mangel ist ein Risikofaktor für geringe Leistungsfähigkeit, fehlende
positive Effekte von Sport und verzögerte Regeneration nach hoher Belastung.
Allerdings darf keine übermäßige Zufuhr erfolgen, um Toxizität zu vermeiden und
optimale Trainingseffekte zu erzielen.
Bioenergetische Verfahren bei Nahrungsmittelunverträglichkeiten und Allergien
Authors: Köhler Bodo 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Allergie beherrscht heute die Arztpraxen. Auch wenn viele Patienten mit ganz anderen Symptomen kommen, steckt oftmals eine Allergie dahinter. Es wäre nun völlig falsch, nach einem linearen Denkansatz zu handeln und die Allergie (die ja nur ein Symptom darstellt) als Ursache dieser Erkrankungen zu sehen. Richtig wäre, dahinter das gleiche anabole Reaktionsmuster zu erkennen, das auch anderen Krankheiten zugrunde liegt, mit all den vielfältigen, ganz individuellen Ursachen. Das Ziel auf somatischer Ebene sollte deshalb immer die Lösung der Blockade des katabolen Stoffwechsels sein. Da es sich aber i. d. R. um einen aktiven Schutzmechanismus des Organismus handelt, müssen die wahren Gründe herausgearbeitet werden. Diese liegen im Kontrollverlust. Dieser kann sich bereits auf der seelischen Ebene zeigen, weshalb sich hier die Notwendigkeit einer ganzheitlichen Betrachtung von Geist, Seele und Körper wieder von neuem zeigt.