bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hearing Device Manufacturers Call for Interoperability and Standardization of Internet and Audiology
Authors: Laplante-Lévesque Ariane , Abrams Harvey , Bülow Maja , Lunner Thomas , Nelson John , Riis Søren Kamaric , Vanpoucke Filiep 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
This article describes the perspectives of hearing device manufacturers regarding the exciting developments that the Internet makes possible. Specifically, it proposes to join forces toward interoperability and standardization of Internet and audiology.

Method
A summary of why such a collaborative effort is required is provided from historical and scientific perspectives. A roadmap toward interoperability and standardization is proposed.

Results

Information and communication technologies improve the flow of health care data and pave the way to better health care. However, hearing-related products, features, and services are notoriously heterogeneous and incompatible with other health care systems (no interoperability). Standardization is the process of developing and implementing technical standards (e.g., Noah hearing database). All parties involved in interoperability and standardization realize mutual gains by making mutually consistent decisions.
De jure
(officially endorsed) standards can be developed in collaboration with large national health care systems as well as spokespeople for hearing care professionals and hearing device users. The roadmap covers mutual collaboration; data privacy, security, and ownership; compliance with current regulations; scalability and modularity; and the scope of interoperability and standards.

Conclusions
We propose to join forces to pave the way to the interoperable Internet and audiology products, features, and services that the world needs.
Have Cochlear Implant, Won't Have to Travel: Introducing Telemedicine to People Using Cochlear Implants
Authors: Cullington Helen , Kitterick Padraig , DeBold Lisa , Weal Mark , Clarke Nicholas , Newberry Eva , Aubert Lisa 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
This research note describes a planned project to design, implement, and evaluate remote care for adults using cochlear implants and compare their outcomes with those of individuals following the standard care pathway.

Method
Sixty people with cochlear implants will be recruited and randomized to either the remote care group or a control group. The remote care group will use new tools for 6 months: remote and self-monitoring, self-adjustment of device, and a personalized online support tool. The main outcome measure is patient empowerment, with secondary outcomes of stability in hearing and quality of life, patient and clinician preference, and use of clinic resources.

Conclusion
The clinical trial ends in summer 2016. Remote care may offer a viable method of follow-up for some adults with cochlear implants.
Building research and evaluation capacity in population health: the NSW Health approach
Authors: Edwards Barry , Stickney Beth , Milat Andrew , Campbell Danielle , Thackway Sarah 
Published: October 2016

Issue addressedAn organisational culture that values and uses research and evaluation (R&E) evidence to inform policy and practice is fundamental to improving health outcomes. The 2016 NSW Government Program Evaluation Guidelines recommend investment in training and development to improve evaluation capacity. The purpose of this paper is to outline the approaches taken by the NSW Ministry of Health to develop R&E capacity and assess these against existing models of practice.MethodThe Ministry of Health's Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence (CEE) takes an evidence‐based approach to building R&E capacity in population health. Strategies are informed by: the NSW Population Health Research Strategy, R&E communities of practice across the Ministry and health Pillar agencies and a review of the published evidence on evaluation capacity building (ECB). An internal survey is conducted biennially to monitor research activity within the Ministry's Population and Public Health Division. One representative from each of the six centres that make up the Division coordinates completion of the survey by relevant staff members for their centre.ResultsThe review identified several ECB success factors including: implementing a tailored multifaceted approach; an organisational commitment to R&E; and offering experiential training and ongoing technical support to the workforce. The survey of research activity found that the Division funded a mix of research assets, research funding schemes, research centres and commissioned R&E projects. CEE provides technical advice and support services for staff involved in R&E and in 2015, 22 program evaluations were supported. R&E capacity building also includes a series of guides to assist policy makers, practitioners and researchers to commission, undertake and use policy‐relevant R&E. Staff training includes workshops on critical appraisal, program logic and evaluation methods. From January 2013 to June 2014 divisional staff published 84 peer‐reviewed papers and one book chapter.ConclusionA strategic approach to R&E capacity building compares favourably with organisational dimensions of ECB and has facilitated the generation of high quality population health R&E in NSW.So what?An evidence‐based multistrategy approach to population health R&E can result in substantial contributions to the population‐health evidence base.
Recovery of Native Brook Trout Populations Following the Eradication of Nonnative Rainbow Trout in Southern Appalachian Mountains Streams
Authors: Kanno Yoichiro , Kulp Matt A. , Moore Stephen E. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Nonnative Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss have displaced native Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis in many southern Appalachian Mountains streams. We monitored the population recovery of Brook Trout following Rainbow Trout eradication at 10 sites in seven allopatric Rainbow Trout streams located in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Rainbow Trout were successfully eradicated by electrofishing or Fintrol (also known as antimycin-A), and Brook Trout were reintroduced at low densities (39–156 fish/km) from streams located within the park. Within 2 years after reintroduction, the density and biomass of adult Brook Trout recovered to levels comparable to the prerestoration density and biomass of Rainbow Trout. Spawning in the first autumn after reintroduction was assumed by the presence of young-of-the-year fish in seven out of nine sites surveyed during the following summer. Brook Trout density and biomass 3–5 years after restoration did not significantly differ from those in natural allopatric populations within the park in young-of-the-year fish but were significantly lower in adults. Individual body size of adult and young-of-the-year fish were density dependent after restoration, indicating that Brook Trout populations had recovered to a point that habitat saturation triggered intraspecific competition. We conclude that Rainbow Trout removal has been a viable management technique to restore Brook Trout populations in the park.
Received March 4, 2016; accepted July 17, 2016 Published online October 20, 2016
Agreement domains and targets
Authors: Bond Oliver , Chumakina Marina 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThere are two distinct syntactic agreement domains in Archi, the noun phrase and the clause, each presenting different challenges for an account of the mechanisms underlying their behaviour. Within the noun phrase, modifiers can exhibit the potential for agreement with multiple controllers in different domains. Agreement controllers can also exhibit duplicitous behaviour, with different values of the same feature simultaneously being relevant in two different agreement domains. Within the clause, agreement appears straightforward at first glance, since all possible targets agree with the absolutive argument of their immediate clause. Less simple is the issue of defining a possible target; this depends on the lexical category of the target, its morphological type or sometimes the properties of individual cells in its morphological paradigm.
Agreement in Archi from a minimalist perspective
Authors: Polinsky Maria 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn Minimalist syntax, clause-level agreement is an asymmetrical connection between two elements linked via a single syntactic process, called Agree. All case and agreement licensing in Archi happens at the level of the verb phrase (vP), not the tensed clause, and agreement serves as evidence of underlying structure, providing surface indications of the functional projections inside the clause. Agreement within the noun phrase in Archi is subject to the principles of concord and cannot be reduced to Agree. While Archi data are best accounted for by separating Agree and the mechanisms of nominal concord, this result does not mean that the unifying approach to verbal and nominal concord should be abandoned. This approach may be applicable in some languages, but not in Archi, where strong language-particular evidence points to the differential approach to agreement in the two domains.
Christ the Bond of Creation
Authors: Grumett David 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In the medieval world, the eucharistic host was used as a talisman to protect crops and for many other purposes. This was motivated by the justified belief that Christ materially preserves the created order, which was theologically developed by Hilary of Poitiers, Maximus the Confessor, and Martin Luther. From this perspective, matter is not self-sustaining but dependent upon a source of consistency external to it. The idea of Christ as the bond of substance, which follows from this, is developed philosophically by Gottfried Leibniz and Maurice Blondel. The cosmic context for the Eucharist is eloquently expressed in the starry vaults of some medieval churches, and by Pierre Teilhard de Chardin. If the world is regarded as being, in some sense, God’s body, this idea needs to have a firm theological foundation.
Flesh, Substance, and Change
Authors: Grumett David 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
From the New Testament onward, the consumption by believers of the eucharistic elements has been viewed as physically assimilating them into the flesh of Christ, with a range of terms used to describe the change in the elements and in their recipients. In the controversies in which Cyril of Alexandria played a key role, eucharistic theology was closely related to doctrinal topics such as the relation of the two natures of Christ. Gregory of Nyssa and other patristic writers employ baking imagery to portray the incorporation of believers into Christ. The doctrine of transubstantiation, which was articulated at the Council of Trent, drew on both scripture and Aristotelian philosophy in order to avoid the idea that, in the Eucharist, Christ’s flesh is carnally consumed. Nevertheless, there is a range of theological understandings of how Christ is materially present in the elements and of how the elements are changed.
Death and Resurrection
Authors: Grumett David 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
From Christian antiquity onward, the host has been seen to embody Christ’s indestructible resurrection life. The giving of the eucharistic host as viaticum to the dying is the most ancient eucharistic practice, apart from the liturgical celebration itself. The host was sometimes buried with the bodies of the dead, and archaeological evidence suggests that most ordinary Christians worshipped in cemeteries. However, graves gradually became assimilated into church buildings, with the altar viewed as the tomb of Christ around which the dead, sometimes in the form of relics, gathered to await their resurrection, which the Eucharist anticipated. In both scripture and liturgy, especially as read and practiced in the Orthodox Churches, Christ is raised by the power of the Spirit. Over recent decades, eucharistic prayers have revived this theology with a range of epicleses.
How Change Happens
Authors: Green Duncan 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Human society is full of would-be ‘change agents’, a restless mix of campaigners, lobbyists, and officials, both individuals and organizations, set on transforming the world. They want to improve public services, reform laws and regulations, guarantee human rights, get a fairer deal for those on the sharp end, achieve greater recognition for any number of issues, or simply be treated with respect. Striking then, that not many universities have a Department of Change Studies, to which social activists can turn for advice and inspiration. Instead, scholarly discussions of change are fragmented with few conversations crossing disciplinary boundaries, rarely making it onto the radars of those actively seeking change. This book aims to bridge the gap between academia and practice, bringing together the best research from a range of academic disciplines and the evolving practical understanding of activists to explore the topic of social and political change. Drawing on many first-hand examples from the global experience of Oxfam, one of the world’s largest social justice NGOs, as well as insights gleaned from studying and working on international development, it tests ideas and offers the latest thinking on what works to achieve progressive change.
Shifts in Social Norms Often Underpin Change
Authors: Green Duncan 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This chapter discusses the importance of social norms—the explicit or implicit rules specifying what behaviours are acceptable in society. What people see as normal, desirable, or aberrant determines their sense of right and wrong, and can both drive and hold back the search for social justice. Norms come in all shapes and sizes, whether social, legal, or moral; and they exhibit a subtle contradiction, which they share with institutions like the state or transnational corporations: they are both static and changing. At any given moment, most norms appear fixed; people see them as a ‘given’, a pre-existing, eternal, social reality. With this sense of fixity, norms provide stable standards of conduct to guide the choices of those subject to them. Yet, at the same time, norms are a continuously evolving system. Even law—the most codified, formal subset of norms—is constantly changing.
A Power and Systems Approach to Making Change Happen
Authors: Green Duncan 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This chapter offers a theoretical sketch of the nature and dynamics of change as portrayed so far in this book. This is a methodology of sorts, which this chapter refers to as a ‘power and systems approach’ (PSA). The PSA is a theory of change, meant to locate a programme, project, or campaign within a wider analysis of how change comes about. There are two ways to use it: by looking backwards, in order to explore past stories of change; and by looking forward, by learning to ‘expect the unexpected’. The PSA suggests characteristics that activists should cultivate in order to flourish in complex systems, like curiosity, humility, self-awareness, and openness to a diversity of viewpoints. It encourages us to nurture a genuine curiosity about the complex interwoven elements that characterize the systems we are trying to influence, without abandoning our desire to take action.
Mass Observation
Authors: Hinton James 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This chapter places the revival of Mass Observation (from 1981) in the context of the flourishing of ‘history from below’ and oral history from the 1970s and of the late twentieth-century ‘biographical turn’ in the social sciences, which validated methodologies based on ‘the luminosity of single cases’ (as against the representative sample). The social composition of the Mass Observation panel is discussed, and the author’s decision to focus on the generation born before the Second World War is explained. A unique bond of trust was built up between the volunteers and the archive which contributed to the frankness and honesty of their writing. Since much of the volunteers’ writing is autobiographical, the influences shaping memory are considered. Finally, the chapter deals with the need for the biographer to balance empathy with a colder analytical stance.
Housewife
Authors: Hinton James 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Life story of the wife of a small businessman, well-off but miserable. A neglected child refused the education of which she was clearly capable; a faithful wife serving an ungrateful (and unfaithful) husband who had only married her for her money (compensation following a serious accident) and treated her with contempt; a devoted mother of five children born during the first six years of her marriage and brought up single-handedly with no help from her husband, unable to divorce when the children were off her hands because the family business needed her property to survive. But she refused to see herself as a victim, or to blame her misfortunes on an unjust society. She identified with Thatcher’s anti-socialist politics not just because her lifestyle depended on her husband’s entrepreneurial success, but also because her own life story, as she understood it, exemplified the values of self-reliance that Mrs Thatcher proclaimed.
Teacher
Authors: Hinton James 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Life story of a teacher in multi-ethnic South London, juggling part-time jobs—from sixth-form sociology to a home for delinquent boys, some of them victims of VIP paedophiles. Her views are a peculiar mix of residual Marxism, contempt for the far left, and radical feminism. Her energy, resilience, and acid wit throw a vivid light on the darker sides of late-twentieth-century London. She sees much of what passed for anti-racism as patriarchy in disguise, supporting Muslim girls in rebellion against their parental culture. She is much more at home in black culture, welcomed as ‘an honorary wog’ in a Saturday supplementary school run by parents of Black British children. Grew up in Belfast. Active in the Voluntary Euthanasia Society. Widow of a Czech concentration camp survivor.
Social Worker
Authors: Hinton James 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Life story of a woman whose marriage broke down in the 1960s after she discovered, initially from a BBC radio Woman’s Hour programme on the female orgasm, that sex could be fun. As a young woman, a typist at London University, she had encountered an experiment in group work (among medical students) which was to be a life-long influence. Divorced, after several affairs, she encountered New Age humanistic psychology, a discipline which echoed her earlier experience in London. She trained as a social worker, followed a lover (whom she met in a sexuality workshop) to Yorkshire, where she helped to introduce group work into social work, and became an expert in placing difficult adolescents for adoption or fostering. Her involvement with New Age psychology continued, enabling her to write with insight, wit, and surprising openness about her sexuality.
Conclusion
Authors: Hinton James 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This chapter sumarises the ways in which the preceding biographical essays illustrate the currents and cross-currents of cultural change in Britain during the late twentieth century. Individual stories become of historical interest when they are deployed by historians in support of particular interpretations. In that respect the book represents no more than a beginning. These seven biographical essays are suggestive of the diversity of ways in which, even among members of the same pre-war generation, the changing culture of late-twentieth-century Britain was experienced. The mass observers wrote because they wanted to contribute to the ways in which the history of their times would come to be understood. To the extent that future historians make use of the individual lives presented here, their wishes will have been fulfilled.
Prominence, accent, focus
Authors: Büring Daniel 
Published: October 2016

AbstractChapter 1 introduces the core concepts: Local valleys and peaks in the voice’s fundamental frequency are perceived as prosodic prominence, understood as emphasis, and modeled as pitch accents. By hypothesis, there is an unmarked pitch accent pattern for most, if not all, sentences in English, which can be predicted by rules. Likewise, once a constituent is selected as the focus of a sentence, additional rules can predict the effect(s) this will have on the pitch accent pattern of the sentence. While the selection of focus cannot generally be predicted (unless you’re a mind reader), there are certain contexts, such as corrections, and answers to constituent questions, in which focus choice seems entirely deterministic. These can be used to investigate properties of focussing in more detail.
Focus and givenness theories
Authors: Büring Daniel 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe influential theories of Rooth, Selkirk, and Schwarzschild are presented and compared. While these theories emphasize different aspects of the factors that determine pitch accent placement, and certainly differ in some of their definitions and terminology, they are largely compatible, and often converge on the same predictions. In many respects, Schwarzschild’s theory can be seen as the synthesis of two of Rooth’s proposals and Selkirk’s general strategy of dividing the~work between a theory of (sentential) focussing and (constituent-level) anaphoric deaccenting; once it is realized that being contextually given, as well as being focussed, are limiting cases of being a focus(–background) domain, all the work can be done by a single Rooth-like condition on focus domains, applied to every constituent in a sentence. Lastly, the concept of ‘minimal focussing’, introduced in the previous chapter, receives a formal, transderivational implementation in the form of Schwarzschild’s constraint ‘AvoidF’.
The notion of norm in spoken French
Authors: Detey Sylvain , Lyche Chantal , Racine Isabelle , Schwab Sandra , Gac David Le 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe chapter starts out with a reminder of the essential distinction between objective, prescriptive, and subjective norms. It goes on to summarize the main historical stages in the emergence of a standard in metropolitan France, its expansion in scope, and the rise of multi-centric norms beyond the Hexagon, illustrated with the vowel inventories typical of Belgian French, Swiss French, Midi French, Central-African French, and Laurentian French. The second half of the chapter shifts from a production-oriented to a perception-oriented approach to the spoken norm, and reports the results of recent studies in French perceptual dialectology, some of which were carried out within the PFC project (Phonology of Contemporary French). It concludes that Reference French(es) do exist, but may vary depending on the communities and the objectives at stake.
French in Orne (Basse-Normandie)
Authors: Buscail Laurie , Lyche Chantal 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis chapter deals with the phonetic, lexical, and discursive characteristics of a 70-year-old speaker from Domfront, Normandy. In the chosen excerpt, JB, the informant, talks about regional food in Normandy, focusing on the abundant breakfast traditionally eaten by hunters. As in many face-to-face conversations, JB’s speech shows features typical of spoken French, such as hesitations, word fragments, repeated grammatical units, and discourse markers, as well as elliptical utterances and a wide use of the neuter pronoun ça. As far as phonetics and phonology are concerned, JB exhibits typical features of the region, such as a four-nasal vowel system and a lack of opposition between /e/ and /ɛ/ in final open syllables, but, at the same time, JB shows a tendency to phonological levelling, moving towards a more neutral Reference French.