bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N
anjing
M
assacre
Authors: Kasahara Tokushi 
Published: December 2015

The Nanjing Massacre is a series of atrocities, crimes against humanity, and war crimes that were committed by the Imperial Japanese Military which attacked and occupied Nanjing, the then capital of China, in December 1937, early in the Second Sino–Japanese War (1937–45). The atrocities include: the slaughter of Chinese soldiers and paramilitary personnel, civilians and refugees; outrages upon Chinese women; plundering of food, commodities, and properties; and incendiarism and destruction of houses, buildings, and facilities.
The International Military Tribunal for the Far East (Tokyo Trials) estimated that over two hundred thousand civilians, soldiers, and prisoners of war were murdered. The Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal, ordered by the Chinese nationalist government, determined the total victims amounted to more than three hundred thousand. The Nanjing Massacre is regarded, especially in China, as a symbol of the invasion and atrocities by the Imperial Japanese Military. It's also a striking evidence of Japan's aggressiveness and violence in the Sino–Japanese War; in Japan there is a strong political urge to forget it and to obliterate the memory of the massacre.
Triphenylamino α‐Cyanovinyl‐ and Cyanoaryl‐Based Fluorophores: Solvatochromism, Aggregation‐Induced Emission and Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Balasaravanan Rajendiran , Sadhasivam Velu , Sivaraman Gandhi , Siva Ayyanar 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA series of linear, V‐shaped and branched triphenylamine/tris(biphenyl)amine‐based derivatives with electron‐withdrawing cyanovinyl‐ and phenyl‐substituted conjugated branches containing either electron‐donating OMe or electron‐withdrawing CN end groups have been synthesized. UV/vis absorption and fluorescence emission data illustrates that introduction of the electron‐donor/acceptor groups induces intramolecular charge transfer that leads to a shift of the absorption onset toward longer wavelengths. Addition of large amounts of water to solutions of triphenylamine derivative caused their emission to reach maximal intensity—these molecules all undergo aggregation‐induced emission; this was confirmed by aggregation studies. All the compounds in this study present a reversible first oxidation process, the potential of which increases with the number of electron‐withdrawing groups in the molecules, as was confirmed by cyclic voltammetry. Furthermore, the influence of solvent polarity on the photophysical properties was investigated. All the triphenylamine derivatives exhibit intensive intramolecular charge‐transfer interactions, giving rise to a substantial extension of their absorption spectral response, which might be potentially used in efficient organic solar cells.
The effect of tunable modification parameters on the structure and properties of polypropylene with cyclotrimerization surface of isocyanates
Authors: Sun Menghan , Zhang Xianming , Chen Wenxing , Feng Lianfang 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThe cyclotrimerization of methylene diphenyl 4,4‐diisocyanate (MDI) and 3‐isopropenyl‐α,α′‐dimethylbenzene isocyanate (TMI) was applied on the bead/membrane surfaces of a polypropylene (PP)‐bearing isocyanate group to synthesize a protective networked polymer. Chemical structures of these molecules were characterized through attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results showed that the absorption peak of isocyanate group at 2255 cm−1 became negligible after the reaction was completed. The absorption peaks of the isocyanurate groups appeared simultaneously at 1600 cm−1 and at 1510–1560 cm−1; this result indicated that the grafted isocyanates were almost consumed, thereby forming isocyanurates. Energy X‐ray dispersive spectroscopy revealed that oxygen content increased; indeed, isocyanurate was formed on the PP surface. Pure PP beads, PP‐g‐TMI, and cyclotrimerization products were also subjected to thermal property tests to investigate their corresponding thermal stabilities. Cyclotrimerization could result in the increase in PP‐grafted decomposition temperature, even slightly higher than pure PP. Rheological behavior in oscillatory flow was also evaluated; the storage modulus, loss modulus, and complex viscosity of cyclotrimerization products were higher than those of the PP‐grafted membranes. Surface morphology was further observed through field‐emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The cyclotrimerization products contained blocks and exhibited a rough surface. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43327.
A simple and rapid ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method to determine plasma biotin in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Yagi Shigeaki , Nishizawa Manabu , Ando Itiro , Oguma Shiro , Sato Emiko , Imai Yutaka , Fujiwara Masako 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA simple, rapid, and selective method for determination of plasma biotin was developed using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS). After single‐step protein precipitation with methanol, biotin and stable isotope‐labeled biotin as an internal standard (IS) were chromatographed on a pentafluorophenyl stationary‐phase column (2.1 × 100 mm, 2.7 μm) under isocratic conditions using 10 mm ammonium formate–acetonitrile (93:7, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. The total chromatographic runtime was 5 min for each injection. Detection was performed in a positive electrospray ionization mode by monitoring selected ion transitions at m/z 245.1/227.0 and 249.1/231.0 for biotin and the IS, respectively. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.05–2 ng/mL using 300 μL of plasma. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were all <7.1%. The accuracy varied from −0.7 to 8.2%. The developed UHPLC–MS/MS method was successfully applied to determine plasma biotin concentrations in hemodialysis patients. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does Size Matter? Evaluating Corporate Environmental Disclosure in the Australian Mining and Metal Industry: A Combined Approach of Quantity and Quality Measurement
Authors: Lee Ki‐Hoon 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThere are an increasing number of companies in the mining and metals sector disclosing environmental sustainability information in their annual reports, sustainability reports and corporate internet web pages. However, there is ongoing debate about the relationship between the quantity and the quality of environmental disclosure. That is, does an increase in number equate to an increase in quality? This study investigates the relationship between the quantity and the quality of environmental disclosure reports. Using content analysis, we examine the environmental disclosure of 55 Australian mining and metal companies which are listed among the Australian Securities Exchange's (ASX) Top 100 mining and metal sector companies. We find that the size of firms influences both the quantity and the quality of corporate environmental disclosure. That is, we find that market capitalization is positively and significantly correlated to the quantity (number of words) and the quality of disclosure. We also confirm that there is a very highly significant, positive correlation between quantity (number of words) and quality of environmental disclosure. In order to investigate any differences between the top performing group and the bottom performing group in terms of environmental disclosure quality, further analysis also confirms that there is a positive relationship between the quantity and the quality of environmental disclosure. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Immunogenicity and clinical effectiveness of the trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in immunocompromised children undergoing treatment for cancer
Authors: Kotecha Rishi S. , Wadia Ushma D. , Jacoby Peter , Ryan Anne L. , Blyth Christopher C. , Keil Anthony D. , Gottardo Nicholas G. , Cole Catherine H. , Barr Ian G. , Richmond Peter C. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractInfluenza is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in children receiving therapy for cancer, yet recommendation for, and uptake of the seasonal vaccine remains poor. One hundred children undergoing treatment for cancer were vaccinated with the trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine according to national guidelines in 2010 and 2011. Influenza‐specific hemagglutinin inhibition antibody titers were performed on blood samples taken prior to each vaccination and 4 weeks following the final vaccination. A nasopharyngeal aspirate for influenza was performed on all children who developed an influenza‐like illness. Following vaccination, seroprotection and seroconversion rates were 55 and 43% for H3N2, 61 and 43% for H1N1, and 41 and 33% for B strain, respectively. Overall, there was a significant geometric mean fold increase to H3N2 (GMFI 4.56, 95% CI 3.19–6.52, P < 0.01) and H1N1 (GMFI 4.44, 95% CI 3.19–6.19, P < 0.01) strains. Seroconversion was significantly more likely in children with solid compared with hematological malignancies and in children <10 years of age who received a two‐dose schedule compared to one. Influenza infection occurred in 2% of the vaccinated study population, compared with 6.8% in unvaccinated controls, providing an adjusted estimated vaccine effectiveness of 72% (95% CI −26–94%). There were no serious adverse events and a low reactogenicity rate of 3%. The trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine is safe, immunogenic, provides clinical protection and should be administered annually to immunosuppressed children receiving treatment for cancer. All children <10 years of age should receive a two‐dose schedule.
Parity and thyroid cancer risk: a meta‐analysis of epidemiological studies
Authors: Zhu Jingjing , Zhu Xiao , Tu Chao , Li Yuan‐Yuan , Qian Ke‐Qing , Jiang Cheng , Feng Tong‐Bao , Li Changwei , Liu Guang Jian , Wu Lang 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAlthough observational studies have assessed the relationship between parity and thyroid cancer risk, the findings are inconsistent. To quantitatively assess the association, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis. PubMed and Embase were searched up to January 2015. Prospective or case–control studies that evaluated the association between parity and thyroid cancer risk were included. We used the fixed‐effects model to pool risk estimates. After literature search, 10 prospective studies, 12 case‐control studies and 1 pooled analysis of 14 case‐control studies including 8860 patients were identified. The studies had fair methodological quality. Pooled analysis suggested that there was a significant association between parity and risk of thyroid cancer (RR for parous versus nulliparous: 1.09, 95% CI 1.03‐1.15; I2=33.4%). The positive association persisted in almost all strata of subgroup analyses based on study design, location, study quality, type of controls, and confounder adjustment, although in some strata statistical significance was not detected. By evaluating the number of parity, we identified that both parity number of 2 versus nulliparous and parity number of 3 versus nulliparous demonstrated significant positive associations (RR=1.11, 95% CI 1.01‐1.22; I2=31.1% and RR=1.16, 95% CI 1.01‐1.33; I2=19.6% respectively). The dose‐response analysis suggested neither a non‐linear nor linear relationship between the number of parity and thyroid cancer risk. In conclusion, this meta‐analysis suggests a potential association between parity and risk of thyroid cancer in females. However, the lack of detection of a dose‐response relationship suggests that further studies are needed to better understand the relationship.
Use of Methylmalonyl‐CoA Epimerase in Enhancing Crotonase Stereoselectivity
Authors: Hamed Refaat B. , Gomez‐Castellanos J. Ruben , Sean Froese D. , Krysztofinska Ewelina , Yue Wyatt W. , Schofield Christopher J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe use of methylmalonyl‐CoA epimerase (MCEE) to improve stereoselectivity in crotonase‐mediated biocatalysis is exemplified by the coupling of MCEE, crotonyl‐CoA carboxylase reductase and carboxymethylproline synthase in a three‐enzyme one‐pot sequential synthesis of functionalised C‐5 carboxyalkylprolines starting from crotonyl‐CoA and carbon dioxide.
Identification of Sequence Specificity of 5‐Methylcytosine Oxidation by Tet1 Protein with High‐Throughput Sequencing
Authors: Kizaki Seiichiro , Chandran Anandhakumar , Sugiyama Hiroshi 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTet (ten‐eleven translocation) family proteins have the ability to oxidize 5‐methylcytosine (mC) to 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine (hmC), 5‐formylcytosine (fC), and 5‐carboxycytosine (caC). However, the oxidation reaction of Tet is not understood completely. Evaluation of genomic‐level epigenetic changes by Tet protein requires unbiased identification of the highly selective oxidation sites. In this study, we used high‐throughput sequencing to investigate the sequence specificity of mC oxidation by Tet1. A 6.6×104‐member mC‐containing random DNA‐sequence library was constructed. The library was subjected to Tet‐reactive pulldown followed by high‐throughput sequencing. Analysis of the obtained sequence data identified the Tet1‐reactive sequences. We identified mCpG as a highly reactive sequence of Tet1 protein.
Body mass index association with survival in severe aortic stenosis patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Koifman Edward , Kiramijyan Sarkis , Negi Smita I. , Didier Romain , Escarcega Ricardo O. , Minha Sa'ar , Gai Jiaxing , Torguson Rebecca , Okubagzi Petros , Ben‐Dor Itsik , Satler Lowell F. , Pichard Augusto D. , Waksman Ron 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundConflicting results have been reported regarding impact of body mass index (BMI) on outcome of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) patients. This study evaluates the impact of BMI on 1 year mortality in patients undergoing TAVR via the transfemoral (TF) access.MethodsAortic stenosis (AS) patients undergoing TAVR via a TF access between May 2007 and December 2014 were categorized to 4 groups by BMI: low (<20), normal (20–24.9), overweight (25–30), and obese (>30). Baseline parameters were compared, and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were generated to assess outcome differences.ResultsAmong 491 severe AS TAVR patients, 43 had low BMI, 148 had normal BMI, 162 were overweight, and 138 were obese. Obese patients were younger with lower Society of Thoracic Surgeons scores and higher rates of preserved ejection fraction and diabetes. There was a higher rate of women in the BMI extremes. Aortic valve area was higher among obese patients; however, the indexed area was inversely correlated with BMI. Vascular complications and transfusions were more common in the low‐BMI group, while acute kidney injury was more common in obese patients. All‐cause mortality at 1 year was higher in the low‐BMI group (log‐rank p = 0.003) with no significant difference among normal and above‐normal BMI patients. In a multivariate model, BMI <20 kg/m2 was an independent predictor of mortality (HR = 2.45, p = 0.01).ConclusionsBMI <20 kg/m2 should be considered a frailty marker during the screening process of severe AS TAVR patients as it is associated with higher mortality, while obesity confers similar mortality risk as normal weight. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Failure recognition of the diesel particulate filter based on catastrophe theory
Authors: Zhang Bin , Gong Jin‐ke , E Jia‐qiang , Li Yu 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn order to effectively recognize the failure behaviour of the diesel particulate filter (DPF), a failure cusp catastrophe model of a porous medium filter in DPF was established using catastrophe theory and diffeomorphism transformation based on the flow resistance model of a porous medium filter with ash deposition. Then, critical points and singular points of the failure cusp catastrophe model were solved and the discriminant of the DPF failure cusp catastrophic model was obtained, which was used to recognize the failure behaviour of the DPF. Finally, failure or critical state details of DPF were acquired via calculation examples, and recognition results of the DPF failure behaviour were verified on the engine bench test. Recognition results of the failure state are consistent with the experimental ones, which confirms the validity of failure recognition based on the failure cusp catastrophe model of DPF, and provides a theoretical basis and reference for research on the failure prediction and diagnosis, as well as the anti‐failure, of DPF.
Artificial Molecular Machine Immobilized Surfaces: A New Platform To Construct Functional Materials
Authors: Zhang Qi , Qu Da‐Hui 
Published: December 2015

AbstractArtificial molecular machines have received significant attention from chemists because of their unique ability to mimic the behaviors of biological systems. Artificial molecular machines can be easily modified with functional groups to construct new types of functional molecular switches. However, practical applications of artificial molecular machines are still challenging, because the working platform of artificial molecular machines is mostly in solution. Artificial molecular machine immobilized surfaces (AMMISs) are considered a promising platform to construct functional materials. Herein, we provide a minireview of some recent advances of functional AMMISs. The functions of AMMISs are highlighted and strategies for their construction are also discussed. Furthermore, a brief perspective of the development of artificial molecular machines towards functional materials is given.
Diagnostic value of squamous cell change associated with endometrial carcinoma: A cytopathologic approach
Authors: Toomine Yukie , Watanabe Sumiko , Sugishima Setsuo , Ohishi Yoshihiro , Tamiya Sadafumi , Kobayashi Hiroaki , Sonoda Kenzo , Oda Yoshinao , Kato Kiyoko , Kaku Tsunehisa 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundTo determine the frequency of squamous cell change associated with endometrial carcinoma, to evaluate the relationship between squamous cell change and clinicopathological features, and to assess cytological findings for squamous cells with and without nuclear atypia in endometrial smears.MethodsIn 103 cases of endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium having both histological and cytological specimens, the frequencies and relationships between the presence and absence of squamous cell changes were evaluated, as were the clinicopathological features of such changes. In endometrial smears, squamous cells with and without nuclear atypia were clinicopathologically assessed.ResultsSquamous cell changes were found in 58.3% of cases that had both histological and cytological preparations. There were no significant differences between the group with squamous cell changes and the group without in any of the clinicopathological features. In the cytological smears, 70.0% of the 60 cases that showed squamous cell changes in both preparations did not have nuclear atypia of squamous cells, while 30.0% of those cases had atypia. The group of cases with squamous cells without atypia tended to be better differentiated than the group with atypia. Vessels were permeated significantly more often in the group with atypia than in the group without.ConclusionsOur data suggest the importance of observing squamous cells in endometrial cytology, especially concerning findings on nuclei with vs without atypia, when endometrial carcinoma is suspected. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:187–194. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Spin‐Crossover Phenomenon at the Coherent‐Domains Scale in 1D Polymeric Powders: Evidence for Structural Fatigability
Authors: Grosjean Arnaud , Daro Nathalie , Pechev Stanislav , Moulet Lucie , Etrillard Céline , Chastanet Guillaume , Guionneau Philippe 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe coherent‐domain morphology was determined for a crystalline powder of the 1D polymeric spin‐crossover [Fe(Htrz)2(trz)](BF4) {Htrz = 1H‐1,2,4‐triazole, trz = deprotonated triazolato(–) ligand} compound. This morphology is in adequacy with the crystal packing and proved that the long axis of the domain corresponds to the iron–triazole chains axis, which gives information on the crystal‐growth process. Furthermore, thermal cycling clearly demonstrated that the coherent‐domain length strongly and continuously decreased as a function of the number of spin‐crossover cycles undergone. The degradation in the crystalline quality corresponds to a break in the [Fe(Htrz)2(trz)]+ chains. This structural fatigability was confirmed by similar observations on a close spin‐crossover compound, [Fe(NH2trz)3](NO3)2·H2O, showing that a few hundreds of thermal spin‐crossover cycles could destroy the crystalline aspect of the sample.
Neural correlates of attention‐executive dysfunction in lewy body dementia and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Firbank Michael , Kobeleva Xenia , Cherry George , Killen Alison , Gallagher Peter , Burn David J. , Thomas Alan J. , O'Brien John T. , Taylor John‐Paul 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAttentional and executive dysfunction contribute to cognitive impairment in both Lewy body dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Using functional MRI, we examined the neural correlates of three components of attention (alerting, orienting, and executive/conflict function) in 23 patients with Alzheimer's disease, 32 patients with Lewy body dementia (19 with dementia with Lewy bodies and 13 with Parkinson's disease with dementia), and 23 healthy controls using a modified Attention Network Test. Although the functional MRI demonstrated a similar fronto‐parieto‐occipital network activation in all groups, Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body dementia patients had greater activation of this network for incongruent and more difficult trials, which were also accompanied by slower reaction times. There was no recruitment of additional brain regions or, conversely, regional deficits in brain activation. The default mode network, however, displayed diverging activity patterns in the dementia groups. The Alzheimer's disease group had limited task related deactivations of the default mode network, whereas patients with Lewy body dementia showed heightened deactivation to all trials, which might be an attempt to allocate neural resources to impaired attentional networks. We posit that, despite a common endpoint of attention‐executive disturbances in both dementias, the pathophysiological basis of these is very different between these diseases. Hum Brain Mapp 37:1254–1270, 2016. © 2015 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nasal angiosarcoma metastatic to the larynx: Case report and systematic review of the literature
Authors: Qualls Hannah E. , Mitchell Ryan M. , Deubner Heike , Moe Kris S. , Sardesai Maya 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundLaryngeal angiosarcoma is rare and the prognosis is poor. The purpose of this study was to describe the first case of cutaneous angiosarcoma metastatic to the larynx and systematically review all cases of laryngeal angiosarcoma.MethodsA 61‐year‐old man presented with an alar lesion diagnosed as angiosarcoma and was treated with wide local resection and radiation. Six years later, he presented with a laryngeal mass histologically similar to the initial tumor. A systematic review of reported cases of angiosarcoma of the larynx was performed.ResultsEighteen cases were identified. Mean age of presentation was 64.3 years. Men represented 66.7%. Mean follow‐up was 34.1 months. Forty‐seven percent died with disseminated disease at a mean of 18.4 months. Our patient did well with serial resection.ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this case represents the first documented case of cutaneous angiosarcoma metastatic to the larynx and suggests that serial resection with long‐term surveillance may be of benefit in some cases. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E99–E104, 2016