bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conflict resolution patterns and violence perpetration in adolescent couples: A gender‐sensitive mixed‐methods approach
Authors: Fernet Mylène , Hébert Martine , Paradis Alison 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThis study used a sequential two‐phase explanatory design. The first phase of this mixed‐methods design aimed to explore conflict resolution strategies in adolescent dating couples, and the second phase to document, from both the perspective of the individual and of the couple, dyadic interaction patterns distinguishing youth inflicting dating violence from those who do not. A sample of 39 heterosexual couples (mean age 17.8 years) participated in semi‐structured interviews and were observed during a 45 min dyadic interaction. At phase 1, qualitative analysis revealed three main types of conflict resolution strategies: 1) negotiating expectations and individual needs; 2) avoiding conflicts or their resolution; 3) imposing personal needs and rules through the use of violence. At phase 2, we focused on couples with conflictive patterns. Results indicate that couples who inflict violence differ from nonviolent couples by their tendency to experience conflicts when in disagreement and to resort to negative affects as a resolution strategy. In addition, while at an individual level, they show a tendency to withdraw from conflict and to use less positive affect, at a dyadic level they present less symmetry. Results offer important insights for prevention programs.
Using Informatics to Improve the Care of Patients Susceptible to Malignant Hyperthermia
Authors: Denholm Bonnie G. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPerioperative nurses and nurse leaders should understand how to apply a nursing informatics framework and informatics concepts to strengthen data interpretation, transitions in care, and engagement with patients susceptible to malignant hyperthermia (MH) and their family members. Patient outcomes can be improved when informatics solutions facilitate identifying risks, clinical decision making in a crisis situation, retrieving priority information during transitions of care, and involving patients in planning care. Incorporating informatics solutions into existing quality improvement processes can help evaluate knowledge and preparedness related to managing care for a patient in an MH crisis. Informatics solutions can also help enhance interoperability by evaluating workflow related to transitions in care. Perioperative nurses and nurse leaders should advocate for diligence in submitting reports of MH‐suspected events to databases. Improved data collection and data sharing enhance aggregated standardized data sets, which can advance research and increase the quality of evidence available with which to guide practice.
Clinical Issues‐April 2016
Authors: Fearon Mary C. , Ogg Mary J. 
Published: March 2016

This MonthCreating a just cultureKey words:just culture, TeamSTEPPS, human error, briefing, huddle.Circulating while administering moderate sedation/analgesiaKey words:moderate sedation/analgesia, RN circulator.Monitoring RN leaving room during administration of moderate sedationKey words:moderate sedation/analgesia, propofol.Screening for obstructive sleep apnea before administering moderate sedationKey words:moderate sedation/analgesia, obstructive sleep apnea, OSA.Assessment for obstructive sleep apneaKey words:moderate sedation/analgesia, obstructive sleep apnea, OSA, OSA questionnaires, OSA checklist.
Transthoracic Computed Tomography–Guided Lung Nodule Biopsy: Comparison of Core Needle and Fine Needle Aspiration Techniques
Authors: Sangha Bippan S. , Hague Cameron J. , Jessup Jennifer , O'Connor Robert , Mayo John R. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose To determine if there is a statistically significant difference in the computed tomography (CT)–guided trans-thoracic needle biopsy diagnostic rate, complication rate, and degree of pathologist confidence in diagnosis between core needle biopsy (CNB) and fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Methods A retrospective cohort design was used to compare the diagnostic biopsy rate, diagnostic confidence, and biopsy-related complications of pneumothorax, chest tube placement, pulmonary hemorrhage, hemoptysis, admission to hospital, and length of stay between 251 transthoracic needle biopsies obtained via CNB (126) or FNAB (125). Complication rates were assessed using imaging and clinical follow-up. Final diagnosis was confirmed via surgical pathology or clinical follow-up over a period of up to 10 years. Results CNB provided diagnostic samples in 91% and FNA in 80% of biopsies, which was statistically significant ( P < .05). The sensitivities for CNB and FNAB were 89% (85 of 95) and 95% (84 of 88), respectively. The specificity of CNB was 100% (21 of 21) and for FNAB was 81% (2 of 11) with 2 false positives in the FNAB group. The differences in complication rate was not statistically significant for pneumothorax (50% vs 46%; determined by routine postbiopsy CT), chest tube (2% vs 4%), hemoptysis (4% vs 6%), and pulmonary hemorrhage (38% vs 47%) between FNAB and CNB, respectively. Seven patients requiring chest tube were admitted to hospital, 2 in the FNAB cohort for an average of 2.5 days and 5 in the CNB cohort for an average of 4.6 days. Conclusions CNB provided more diagnostic samples with no statistical difference in complication rate.
Hydrochlorothiazide Potentiates Contractile Activity of Mouse Cavernosal Smooth Muscle
Authors: Gagliano-Jucá Thiago , Napolitano Mauro , Del Grossi Ferraz Carvalho Fernanda , Campos Rafael , Mónica Fabíola Zakia , Claudino Mário Angelo , Antunes Edson , Lopes Anibal Gil , De Nucci Gilberto 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Introduction
Hydrochlorothiazide has a negative influence on penile erection but little is known about the mechanism(s) involved.

Aims
To characterize the effects of this diuretic on mouse corpus cavernosum (CC) smooth muscle in vitro and ex vivo.

Methods
CC strips of C57BL/6 mice (12–16 weeks old) were mounted in organ baths containing Krebs-Henseleit solution and tissue reactivity was evaluated. Expression of genes encoding diuretic targets and enzymes involved in penile erection were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction.

Main Outcome Measures
Stimulation-response curves to phenylephrine (10 nmol/L–100 μmol/L) or to electrical field stimulation (1–32 Hz) were constructed, with or without hydrochlorothiazide. Strips of CC from mice after long-term hydrochlorothiazide treatment (6 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks) with or without amiloride (0.6 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks) in vivo also were studied. Nitric oxide and Rho-kinase pathways were evaluated.

Results
Hydrochlorothiazide (100 μmol/L) increased the maximum response to phenylephrine by 64% in vitro. This effect was unaffected by the addition of indomethacin (5 μmol/L) but was abolished by N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (100 μmol/L). Hydrochlorothiazide (100 μmol/L) potentiated electrical field stimulation-induced contraction in vitro, but not ex vivo. Long-term treatment with hydrochlorothiazide increased the maximum response to phenylephrine by 60% and resulted in a plasma concentration of 500 ± 180 nmol/L. Amiloride (100μmol/L) caused rightward shifts in concentration-response curves to phenylephrine in vitro. Long-term treatment with hydrochlorothiazide plus amiloride did not significantly increase the maximum response to phenylephrine (+13%). Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction did not detect the NaCl cotransporter in mouse CC. Hydrochlorothiazide did not change Rho-kinase activity, whereas amiloride decreased it in vitro and ex vivo (approximately 18% and 24% respectively). A 40% decrease in Rock1 expression also was observed after long-term treatment with hydrochlorothiazide plus amiloride.

Conclusion
Hydrochlorothiazide potentiates contraction of smooth muscle from mouse CC. These findings could explain why diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide are associated with erectile dysfunction.
Normal values of nasal NO and exhaled NO in young Chinese people aged 9 – 22 years
Authors: You Shaohua , Zhang Jing , Bai Yin , Ji Lingchao , Wang Hongtian 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the normal levels of nasal nitric oxide (NNO) and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) in healthy Chinese young people, and to determine whether the obtained values were associated with age, sex, height, weight, BMI (body mass index) or BSA (body surface area).MethodsOne hundred and twenty healthy people were selected from a total of 436 Chinese young people based on their answers to a questionnaire. An electrochemical analyzer (NIOX MINO system) was used to measure NNO and FENO. The relationship between NNO, FENO and age, sex, height, weight, BMI, BSA was analyzed using SPSS software.ResultsThe values of NNO were normal distributed (mean 273.5 ppb; SD 112.3). The values of FENO were non‐normally (Skewed) distributed (median: 14.00 ppb; interquartile range: 7.00 ppb). The obtained NNO values were independent of age, sex, height, weight, BMI and BSA, but were positively correlated to lnFENO (FENO log base e); lnFENO values were also independent of age, height, weight, BMI and BSA, but correlated with NNO and sex.ConclusionsNNO values positively correlate with lnFENO in healthy people and the levels of each may be predicted by the other. The results of this study are expected to serve as a reference for future studies in China.
Prävalenz von Gastroschisis, Omphalozele, Spina bifida und orofazialen Spaltbildungen bei Neugeborenen im Zeitraum Januar 2000–Dezember 2010 in Leipzig, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt und Deutschland
Authors: Bremer S. , Kiess W. , Thome U. , Knüpfer M. , Bühligen U. , Vogel M. , Friedrich A. , Janisch U. , Rißmann A. 
Published: March 2016

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Zahlreiche Studien beschreiben weltweit eine Zunahme angeborener Fehlbildungen. Diese sind in Deutschland die häufigste Todesursache im frühen Kindesalter. Die hier vorliegende Studie untersuchte lokale und nationale Trends der Prävalenz von Gastroschisis, Omphalozele, Spina bifida und orofazialen Spaltbildungen von 2000 bis 2010.
Methoden: Die Prävalenz der 4 Fehlbildungen wurde im Zeitraum Januar 2000–Dezember 2010 mithilfe von 4 Datenquellen aus Leipzig, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt und Deutschland untersucht.
Ergebnisse: Die Prävalenz der Fehlbildungen betrug im Untersuchungszeitraum in Deutschland bzw. in Sachsen 1,97/2,12 (Gastroschisis), 1,63/1,48 (Omphalozele), 5,80/8,11 (orofaziale Spaltbildungen) und 2,92/2,50 (Spina bifida) je 10 000 Lebendgeborene. In Sachsen zeigte sich ein Trendanstieg, dessen Effektstärken jedoch sehr gering sind (OR/Jahr zwischen 1,01–1,09). Auch in Deutschland insgesamt wurde eine signifikante Zunahme der Fehlbildungen beobachtet (OR/Jahr zwischen 1,01–1,04), ausgenommen davon war die Lebendgeborenenprävalenz der Spina bifida, die abzunehmen schien (OR/Jahr 0,986 (0,97–1,0), p-korrigiert=0,04).
Schlussfolgerung: Ob ein tatsächlicher Anstieg der Prävalenzen besteht oder lediglich Artefakte einen Anstieg vortäuschen, ist unklar. Änderungen in der Erfassungs- und Verschlüsselungspraxis, Fehlcodierungen, Doppel- und/oder lückenhafte Erfassung der Fehlbildungen könnten die Daten verfälschen. Da nur in Sachsen-Anhalt und Rheinland-Pfalz das Auftreten von Fehlbildungen prospektiv erfasst wird, könnten im Übrigen auch nur in diesen Bundesländern zeitnah Veränderungen der Fehlbildungsprävalenz erkannt werden. Angesichts der anscheinenden oder scheinbaren Zunahme von Fehlbildungen und der offensichtlich fehlerhaften Datenlage ist ein bundesweites oder sind weitere regionale Register für eine bessere und zeitnahe Erkennung und Erfassung von Fehlbildungen in Deutschland notwendig.
Ambulatory Blood Pressure Parameters and Heart Failure With Reduced or
Preserved Ejection Fraction in Elderly Treated Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Pierdomenico Sante D. , Pierdomenico Anna M. , Coccina Francesca , Lapenna Domenico , Porreca Ettore 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The association between ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and future risk of heart failure (HF) is unclear. We investigated the association between ambulatory BP parameters and risk of HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFREF) or preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) in elderly treated hypertensive patients.

METHODS
The occurrence of HFREF and HFPEF was evaluated in 1,191 elderly treated hypertensive patients who underwent clinical and instrumental evaluation, including ambulatory BP monitoring to evaluate daytime, nighttime, and 24-hour BP, dipping status, and morning surge (MS) of BP.

RESULTS
During the follow-up (9.1±4.9 years, range 0.4–20 years), 123 patients developed HF, of whom 56 had HFREF and 67 had HFPEF. After adjustment for other covariates, Cox regression analysis showed that 24-hour systolic BP, but not clinic BP, was independently associated with risk of both HFREF (hazard ratio (HR): 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.14–1.63, per 10mm Hg increment) and HFPEF (HR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.13–1.61, per 10mm Hg increment); moreover, high MS of BP (&gt;23mm Hg) in dippers was independently associated with risk of HFREF (HR: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.00–5.15) and nondipping was independently associated with risk of HFPEF (HR: 2.78, 95% CI: 1.38–5.63).

CONCLUSIONS
In elderly treated hypertensive patients, 24-hour systolic BP is independently associated with future risk of both HFREF and HFPEF, whereas high MS is independently associated with risk of HFREF and nondipping is independently associated with risk of HFPEF.
A Chronic Disease Management Student–Faculty Collaborative Practice: Educating Students on Innovation in Health Care Delivery
Authors: Remus Kristin E. , Honigberg Michael , Tummalapalli Sri Lekha , Cohen Laura P. , Fazio Sara , Weinstein Amy R. 
Published: March 2016

Problem
In the current transformative health care landscape, it is imperative that clinician educators inspire future clinicians to practice primary care in a dynamic environment. A focus on patient-centered, goal-oriented care for patients with chronic conditions is critical.

Approach
In 2009, Harvard Medical School founded the Crimson Care Collaborative, a student–faculty collaborative practice (SFCP) network. With the aim of expanding clinical and educational opportunities for medical students and improving patient control of chronic disease (i.e., hypertension, obesity, and diabetes) in an innovative learning environment, in 2012, the authors developed a novel SFCP at their hospital-based academic primary care practice. In this SFCP, students learn to explore patient priorities, provide focused counseling and education, and assist patients with self-management goals during clinical visits.

Outcomes
From 2012 to 2014, 250 student volunteers participated in the SFCP as clinicians, innovators, educators, and leaders, with between 80 and 95 medical students engaging each semester. Between January 2012 and March 2014, there were 476 urgent care or chronic disease management visits. Patients with chronic diseases were seen at least twice on average, and by 2014, chronic disease management visits accounted for approximately 74% of visits.

Next Steps
Work is under way to create assessment tools to evaluate the practice’s educa tional impact and student understanding of the current health care system, develop interdisciplinary care teams, expand efforts in registry management and broaden the patient recruitment scope, further emphasize patient engage ment and retention, and evaluate chronic disease management and patient satisfaction effectiveness.
Recognizing Patients’ Emotions: Teaching Health Care Providers to Interpret Facial Expressions
Authors: Ragsdale John W. , Van Deusen Reed , Rubio Doris , Spagnoletti Carla 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
Facial expressions are an important clue to a patient’s emotions. The authors developed a 90-minute workshop in May 2011 to teach physicians and physicians-in-training to interpret facial expressions and to use that skill in the context of patient care.

Method
The workshop included a didactic presentation in which facial expression features were taught using progressively more difficult examples, followed by three interactive exercises. The authors presented the workshop at six separate venues in the United States in 2011 and 2012. To test the effectiveness of this workshop, the authors designed a comprehensive pre- and postworkshop evaluation which assessed participants’ skill, knowledge, attitude (toward importance), and confidence.

Results
A total of 156 health care providers participated in the workshop and completed pre- and postworkshop evaluations. Participants showed substantial improvement in skill and knowledge (fact- and case-based) scores, as well as modest improvement in importance and confidence ratings. Faculty and medical students demonstrated similar baseline measures of skill, knowledge, and importance, though faculty reported a slightly higher confidence in their skills. No correlation was found between baseline ratings of confidence in abilities and any baseline measure of performance.

Conclusions
Given the similar baseline performance of faculty and medical students, the ability to interpret facial expressions does not appear to be learned through routine clinical practice, highlighting the need for dedicated facial expression training. The authors were able to demonstrate that physicians and physicians-in-training could effectively learn to recognize emotion by interpreting facial expressions through a short workshop.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Oxaliplatin Contributes to the Acute Pain Induced by Systemic Administration of Oxaliplatin
Authors: Huang Zhen-Zhen , Li Dai , Ou-Yang Han-Dong , Liu Cui-Cui , Liu Xian-Guo , Ma Chao , Wei Jia-You , Liu Yong , Xin Wen-Jun 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAbstract
The administration of oxaliplatin to rats leads to nociceptive sensitization and the accumulation of the drug in cerebrospinal fluid. Oxaliplatin may support sensitization of spinal cord neurons through an epigenetic mechanism resulting in the up-regulation of CX3CL1.

Background
Systemic administration of oxaliplatin has no effect on the tumors in the central nervous system (CNS) due to the limited concentration of oxaliplatin in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), while it was clinically reported that oxaliplatin can induce acute encephalopathy. Currently, the impairment of neuronal functions in the CNS after systemic administration of oxaliplatin remains uninvestigated.

Methods
The von Frey test and the plantar test were performed to evaluate neuropathic pain behavior after a single intraperitoneal administration of oxaliplatin (4 mg/kg) in rats. Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry, electrophysiologic recording, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, chromatin immunoprecipitation, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and small interfering RNA were applied to understand the mechanisms.

Results
Concentration of oxaliplatin in CSF showed a time-dependent increase after a single administration of oxaliplatin. Spinal application of oxaliplatin at the detected concentration (6.6 nM) significantly increased the field potentials in the dorsal horn, induced acute mechanical allodynia (n = 12 each) and thermal hyperalgesia (n = 12 each), and enhanced the evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents and spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents in the projection neurokinin 1 receptor–expressing lamina I to II neurons. The authors further found that oxaliplatin significantly increased the nuclear factor-κB p65 binding and histone H4 acetylation in cx3cl1 promoter region. Thus, the upregulated spinal CX3CL1 markedly mediated the induction of central sensitization and acute pain behavior after oxaliplatin administration.

Conclusions
The findings of this study suggested that oxaliplatin in CSF may directly impair the normal function of central neurons and contribute to the rapid development of CNS-related side effects during chemotherapy. This provides novel targets to prevent oxaliplatin-induced acute painful neuropathy and encephalopathy.
How compelling are the data for Epstein–Barr virus being a trigger for systemic lupus and other autoimmune diseases?
Authors: Draborg Anette , Izarzugaza Jose M.G. , Houen Gunnar 
Published: March 2016

Purpose of review
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is caused by a combination of genetic and acquired immunodeficiencies and environmental factors including infections. An association with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) has been established by numerous studies over the past decades. Here, we review recent experimental studies on EBV, and present our integrated theory of SLE development.

Recent findings
SLE patients have dysfunctional control of EBV infection resulting in frequent reactivations and disease progression. These comprise impaired functions of EBV-specific T-cells with an inverse correlation to disease activity and elevated serum levels of antibodies against lytic cycle EBV antigens. The presence of EBV proteins in renal tissue from SLE patients with nephritis suggests direct involvement of EBV in SLE development. As expected for patients with immunodeficiencies, studies reveal that SLE patients show dysfunctional responses to other viruses as well. An association with EBV infection has also been demonstrated for other autoimmune diseases, including Sjögren's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis.

Summary
Collectively, the interplay between an impaired immune system and the cumulative effects of EBV and other viruses results in frequent reactivation of EBV and enhanced cell death, causing development of SLE and concomitant autoreactivities.
Outcomes Over a Decade After Surgery for Unstable Ankle Fracture: Functional Recovery Seen 1 Year Postoperatively Does Not Decay With Time
Authors: Regan Deirdre K. , Gould Stephen , Manoli Arthur , Egol Kenneth A. 
Published: March 2016

Objectives:
To evaluate long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes after surgical fixation of unstable ankle fractures.

Design:
Prospective follow-up study.

Setting:
Academic medical center with 2 Level-I trauma centers and a tertiary care center.

Patients:
One hundred forty-one patients who underwent surgical repair of an unstable ankle fracture.

Intervention:
Open reduction internal fixation of an unstable ankle fracture.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA) scores and radiographic outcomes based on the van Dijk criteria at a mean of 11.6 years follow-up.

Results:
Of the 281 patients meeting the inclusion criteria for this study, follow-up data were obtained from 141 patients (50%), at a mean of 11.6 years after surgery. Overall, mean long-term SMFA scores were improved when compared with scores at 1 year. The American Society of Anesthesiologists class 1 or 2 was found to be a significant predictor of recovery based on SMFA scores. Sixty-three percent of follow-up radiographs demonstrated evidence of radiographic arthritis, including 31% with mild osteoarthritis, 22% with moderate osteoarthritis, and 10% with severe osteoarthritis. Fracture dislocation at injury was found to be a significant predictor of radiographic posttraumatic osteoarthritis at latest follow-up. One patient (0.7%) underwent a tibiotalar fusion secondary to symptomatic posttraumatic arthrosis. One patient (0.7%) underwent total ankle replacement due to severe osteoarthritis.

Conclusions:
Our data indicate that over a decade after ankle fracture fixation, most of the patients are doing well. Despite the presence of radiographic arthritis in 63% of patients, few experience pain or have restrictions in function, and mean long-term functional outcome scores are improved when compared with scores at 1 year. Patients undergoing operative fixation of unstable ankle fractures can anticipate functional outcomes that are maintained over time.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.