bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Draft Genome Sequence of
Photorhabdus luminescens
subsp.
laumondii
HP88, an Entomopathogenic Bacterium Isolated from Nematodes
Authors: Ghazal Shimaa , Oshone Rediet , Simpson Stephen , Morris Krystalynne , Abebe-Akele Feseha , Thomas W. Kelley , Khalil Kamal M. , Tisa Louis S. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Photorhabdus luminescens
subsp.
laumondii
HP88 is an entomopathogenic bacterium that forms a symbiotic association with
Heterorhabditis
nematodes. We report here a 5.27-Mbp draft genome sequence for
P. luminescens
subsp.
laumondii
HP88, with a G+C content of 42.4% and containing 4,243 candidate protein-coding genes.
Draft Genome Sequence of an NDM-5-Producing
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Sequence Type 14 Strain of Serotype K2
Authors: Liu Pan-pan , Liu Yang , Wang Lian-hui , Wei Dan-dan , Wan La-Gen 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

We report here the draft genome sequence of uropathogenic
Klebsiella pneumoniae
sequence type 14 strain of serotype K2 possessing
bla
NDM-5
, isolated from a 65-year-old male in China without a history of travel abroad.
Draft Genome Sequence of “
Acidibacillus ferrooxidans
” ITV01, a Novel Acidophilic Firmicute Isolated from a Chalcopyrite Mine Drainage Site in Brazil
Authors: Dall'Agnol Hivana , Ñancucheo Ivan , Johnson D. Barrie , Oliveira Renato , Leite Laura , Pylro Victor S. , Holanda Roseanne , Grail Barry , Carvalho Nelson , Nunes Gisele Lopes , Tzotzos George , Fernandes Gabriel Rocha , Dutra Julliane , Orellana Sara Cuadros , Oliveira Guilherme 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of “
Acidibacillus ferrooxidans
” strain ITV01, a ferrous iron- and sulfide-mineral-oxidizing, obligate heterotrophic, and acidophilic bacterium affiliated with the phylum
Firmicutes
. Strain ITV01 was isolated from neutral drainage from a low-grade chalcopyrite from a mine in northern Brazil.
On the Computational Complexity of Finite Operations
Authors: Shtrakov Slavcho , Damyanov Ivo 
Published: March 2016

The essential variables in a finite function f are defined as variables which occur in f and weigh with the values of that function. The number of essential variables is an important measure of complexity for discrete functions. When replacing some variables in a function with constants the resulting functions are called subfunctions, and when replacing all essential variables in a function with constants we obtain an implementation of this function. Such an implementation corresponds with a path in an ordered decision diagram (ODD) of the function which connects the root with a leaf of the diagram. The sets of essential variables in subfunctions of f are called separable in f. In this paper we study several properties of separable sets of variables in functions which directly affect the number of implementations and subfunctions in these functions. We define equivalence relations which classify the functions of k-valued logic into classes with the same number of: (i) implementations; (ii) subfunctions; and (iii) separable sets. These relations induce three transformation groups which are compared with the lattice of all subgroups of restricted affine group (RAG). This allows us to solve several important computational and combinatorial problems.
X10 and APGAS at Petascale
Authors: Tardieu Olivier , Herta Benjamin , Cunningham David , Grove David , Kambadur Prabhanjan , Saraswat Vijay , Shinnar Avraham , Takeuchi Mikio , Vaziri Mandana , Zhang Wei 
Published: March 2016

X10 is a high-performance, high-productivity programming language aimed at large-scale distributed and shared-memory parallel applications. It is based on the Asynchronous Partitioned Global Address Space (APGAS) programming model, supporting the same fine-grained concurrency mechanisms within and across shared-memory nodes.
We demonstrate that X10 delivers solid performance at petascale by running (weak scaling) eight application kernels on an IBM Power--775 supercomputer utilizing up to 55,680 Power7 cores (for 1.7Pflop/s of theoretical peak performance). For the four HPC Class 2 Challenge benchmarks, X10 achieves 41% to 87% of the system’s potential at scale (as measured by IBM’s HPCC Class 1 optimized runs). We also implement K-Means, Smith-Waterman, Betweenness Centrality, and Unbalanced Tree Search (UTS) for geometric trees. Our UTS implementation is the first to scale to petaflop systems.
We describe the advances in distributed termination detection, distributed load balancing, and use of high-performance interconnects that enable X10 to scale out to tens of thousands of cores. We discuss how this work is driving the evolution of the X10 language, core class libraries, and runtime systems.
Age dependency for coagulation parameters in paediatric populations
Authors: Toulon Pierre , Berruyer Micheline , Brionne-François Marie , Grand François , Lasne Dominique , Telion Caroline , Arcizet Julien , Giacomello Roberta , De Pooter Neila 
Published: March 2016

SummaryUnderstanding of developmental haemostasis is critical to ensure optimal prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of haemorrhagic and thrombotic diseases in children. As coagulation test results are known to be dependent on the reagents/analysers used, it is recommended for each laboratory to define the age-dependent reference ranges by using its own technical condition. That study was carried out in seven centers to establish age-specific reference ranges using the same reagents and analyser. Plasma samples were obtained from 1437 paediatric patients from the following age groups: 15 days-4 weeks (n=36), 1–5 months (n=320), 6–12 months (n=176), 1–5 years (n=507), 6–10 years (n=132) and 11–17 years (n=262). Indication of coagulation testing was pre-operative screening for non-acute diseases in most cases. PT values were similar in the different age groups to those in adults, whereas longer aPTTs were demonstrated in the younger children. Plasma levels of all clotting factors, except for FV, were significantly decreased (p<0.0001) in the youngest children, adult values being usually reached before the end of the first year. The same applied to antithrombin, protein C/S, and plasminogen. In contrast, FVIII and VWF levels were elevated in the youngest children and returned to adult values within six months. The same applied to D-dimer levels, which were found elevated, particularly until six months of life, until puberty. These data suggest that most coagulation test results are highly dependent on age, mainly during the first year of life, and that age-specific reference ranges must be used to ensure proper evaluation of coagulation in children.
Angiotensin II Destabilizes Coronary Plaques in Watanabe Heritable Hyperlipidemic Rabbits
Authors: Li Shen , Wang Yan-Ning , Niimi Manabu , Ning Bo , Chen Yajie , Kang Dedong , Waqar Ahmed Bilal , Wang Ziyun , Yu Qi , Liu Enqi , Zhang Jifeng , Shiomi Masashi , Chen Y. Eugene , Fan Jianglin 
Published: March 2016

Objective—
Increased plasma concentrations of angiotensin II (Ang II) have been implicated in many cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, aortic aneurysms, and myocardial infarction, in humans. However, it is not known whether high levels of plasma Ang II affect coronary plaque stability and subsequent myocardial infarction. This study was designed to examine whether elevated plasma Ang II can directly induce coronary events, such as acute coronary syndrome.

Approach and Results—
To examine the above hypothesis, we infused Ang II (100 ng/min per kg [low group] and 200 ng/min per kg [high group]) or saline vehicle via osmotic minipumps into Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits, a model of human familial hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. Infusion of Ang II resulted in mortality rates of 50% and 92% in the low- and high-Ang II groups, respectively, whereas there were no deaths in the vehicle group. Pathological analysis revealed that Ang II–infused Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits that died showed myocardial infarction. Furthermore, Ang II–infused Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits exhibited coronary plaque erosion and rupture that were associated with thrombosis.

Conclusions—
These findings suggest that increased blood levels of Ang II can destabilize coronary plaques and trigger the thrombosis, which possibly induces myocardial infarction. The model described in this study provides a novel means for the study of human acute coronary syndrome.
Differential Roles of the NADPH-Oxidase 1 and 2 in Platelet Activation and Thrombosis
Authors: Delaney M. Keegan , Kim Kyungho , Estevez Brian , Xu Zheng , Stojanovic-Terpo Aleksandra , Shen Bo , Ushio-Fukai Masuko , Cho Jaehyung , Du Xiaoping 
Published: March 2016

Objective—
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to regulate platelet activation; however, the mechanisms of ROS production during platelet activation remain unclear. Platelets express different isoforms of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) (NAD(P)H) oxidases (NOXs). Here, we investigated the role of NOX1 and NOX2 in ROS generation and platelet activation using NOX1 and NOX2 knockout mice.

Approach and Results—

NOX1
−/Y
platelets showed selective defects in G-protein–coupled receptor–mediated platelet activation induced by thrombin and thromboxane A2 analog U46619, but were not affected in platelet activation induced by collagen-related peptide, a glycoprotein VI agonist. In contrast, NOX2
−/−
platelets showed potent inhibition of collagen-related peptide-induced platelet activation, and also showed partial inhibition of thrombin-induced platelet activation. Consistently, production of ROS was inhibited in NOX1
−/Y
platelets stimulated with thrombin, but not collagen-related peptide, whereas NOX2
−/−
platelets showed reduced ROS generation induced by collagen-related peptide or thrombin. Reduced ROS generation in NOX1/2-deficient platelets is associated with impaired activation of Syk and phospholipase Cγ2, but minimally affected mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Interestingly, laser-induced arterial thrombosis was impaired but the bleeding time was not affected in NOX2
−/−
mice. Wild-type thrombocytopenic mice injected with NOX2
−/−
platelets also showed defective arterial thrombosis, suggesting an important role for platelet NOX2 in thrombosis in vivo but not hemostasis.

Conclusions—
NOX1 and NOX2 play differential roles in different platelet activation pathways and in thrombosis. ROS generated by these enzymes promotes platelet activation via the Syk/phospholipase Cγ2/calcium signaling pathway.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate NADPH Oxidase-Dependent High Mobility Group Box 1 Production and Inhibit Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Sharma Ashish K. , Salmon Morgan D. , Lu Guanyi , Su Gang , Pope Nicolas H. , Smith Joseph R. , Weiss Mark L. , Upchurch Gilbert R. 
Published: March 2016

Objective—
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation is characterized by inflammation, smooth muscle activation, and matrix degradation. This study tests the hypothesis that macrophage-produced high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) production is dependent on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (Nox2), which leads to increase in interleukin (IL)-17 production resulting in AAA formation and that treatment with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can attenuate this process thereby inhibiting AAA formation.

Approach and Results—

Human aortic tissue demonstrated a significant increase in HMGB1 expression in AAA patients when compared with controls. An elastase-perfusion model of AAA demonstrated a significant increase in HMGB1 production in C57BL/6 (wild-type [WT]) mice, which was attenuated by MSC treatment. Furthermore, anti-HMGB1 antibody treatment of WT mice attenuated AAA formation, IL-17 production, and immune cell infiltration when compared with elastase-perfused WT mice on day 14. Elastase-perfused Nox2
−/y
mice demonstrated a significant attenuation of HMGB1 and IL-17 production, cellular infiltration, matrix metalloproteinase activity, and AAA formation when compared with WT mice on day 14. In vitro studies showed that elastase-treated macrophages from WT mice, but not from Nox2
−/y
mice, produced HMGB1, which was attenuated by MSC treatment. The production of macrophage-dependent HMGB1 involved Nox2 activation and superoxide anion production, which was mitigated by MSC treatment.

Conclusions—

These results demonstrate that macrophage-produced HMGB1 leads to aortic inflammation and acts as a trigger for CD4
+
T-cell–produced IL-17 during AAA formation. HMGB1 release is dependent on Nox2 activation, which can be inhibited by MSCs leading to attenuation of proinflammatory cytokines, especially IL-17, and protection against AAA formation.
Synesius of Cyrene and the American “Synesii”
Authors: Bregman Jay 
Published: March 2016

This article explores the Hellenic/Christian synthesis of bishop Synesius and its later influence, especially on nineteenth-century America. Synesius accepted a bishopric despite Neoplatonic reservations concerning Christian doctrine: the uncreated soul pre-exists; the uncreated cosmos is eternal; and the “resurrection” an ineffable mystery, beyond the vulgar. Whether or not born a Christian, his study under Hypatia brought about a conversion to “pagan” Neoplatonism. His attempted synthesis of Hellenism and Christianity was unique, unlike that of any other late antique Christian Platonist.Later, Renaissance thinkers scanned a new religious horizon reviving Hellenic Neoplatonism, Hermetic thought, Pythagoreanism, etc., included in a “primordial revelation,” contemporaneous with the Mosaic revelation and thereby in harmony with Christianity.In Romantic-era England, Thomas Taylor revived Hellenic Neoplatonism as the “true” religion, in the spirit of the anti-Christian theurgic Neoplatonist Roman emperor, Julian. Taylor had a significant influence on the American “Synesii,” Transcendentalists and Neoplatonists, e.g., on Bronson Alcott’s Platonic/Pythagorean lifestyle. Reading Taylor’s translations, Ralph Waldo Emerson spoke of the “Trismegisti” whose Neoplatonic religion predated and superseded “parvenu” Christianity. Later Transcendentalists continued the work of Taylor, sympathizing with late antique “pagan” Neoplatonism, but, in the spirit of Synesius, synthesizing it with Christianity and with other religions. They sought a non-sectarian, universal “cosmic theism,” notably through Thomas M. Johnson’s journal,The Platonist, which included translations of Synesius and other Neoplatonists. One of its contributors, Alexander Wilder, also influenced Theosophy on its Neoplatonic side.More recent Anglophone “Synesii” include Hilary Armstrong, who was a major presence in Neoplatonic scholarship, both in theukand North America. He argued for a return to Hellenic inclusive monotheism, in which a Christian Platonist, like himself, could also venerate Hindu or Isis’ holy images as being true reflections of the divine.
A review of New Zealand and southeast Australian echinothurioids (Echinodermata: Echinothurioida)—excluding the subfamily Echinothuriinae—with a description of a new species of Tromikosoma
Authors: ANDERSON OWEN F. 
Published: March 2016

An examination of a large collection of echinothurioid echinoids (excluding the subfamily Echinothuriinae Thomson) from museum collections in New Zealand and Australia has expanded the known diversity of the group in New Zealand from three species in two genera to seven species in five genera, and revealed a new species in the genus Tromikosoma Mortensen.New records for New Zealand and Australia are reported for Sperosoma obscurum Agassiz and Clark, 1907 and S. nudum Shigei, 1978 and new records for New Zealand are reported for Tromikosoma australe (Koehler, 1922) and Kamptosoma asterias (A. Agassiz, 1881). Tromikosoma rugosum sp. nov., remarkable for its unusual wrinkled appearance and exceedingly thin test, is described from deep water in the northeast of New Zealand. No evidence for the existence of Phormosoma rigidum A. Agassiz, 1881 as a species separate from P. bursarium A. Agassiz, 1881 was found, and synonymy with P. bursarium is proposed.Previous records of these echinoid species were rare, as they live mostly in deep water (>1000 m), and three species were previously known from the type material alone. Tromikosoma rugosum sp. nov. now falls into that category, but new material of the other species greatly expands both the number of known records and their geographical distribution. The majority of these new records are from the New Zealand region, with several additional records from south-east Australia.An updated key to the echinothurioids of New Zealand is provided.
Checklist of Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Aphelinus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) species from Belgium with respectively four <br />and three new records
Authors: LOPES THOMAS , LIBERT PIERRE-NICOLAS , STARÝ PETR , JAPOSHVILI GEORGE , HATT SÉVERIN , FRANCIS FRÉDÉRIC 
Published: March 2016

Aphid parasitoids have good potential for crop protection. However, they have been poorly studied in Belgium, especially in terms of species diversity. Therefore, the aim of this work was to establish the first checklist for the country. To complete the list, aphid parasitoids were sampled in wheat and pea fields near Gembloux (Belgium), in 2013 and 2014. Among the identified species, Aphelinus asychis Walker, Aphelinus daucicola Kurdjumov, Aphelinus fusciscapus (Förster), Aphidius asteris Haliday, Aphidius eadyi Starý, Gonzalez & Hall, Praon barbatum Mackauer, and Trioxys auctus (Haliday) were recorded for the first time in Belgium. Thirty-two Aphidiinae and seven Aphelinus species were included in the checklist. It is hoped this study will stimulate further research, as species diversity is still low compared with neighbouring countries.
Teaching Mathematics at Secondary Level
Authors: Gardiner Tony 
Published: March 2016

Teaching Mathematics is nothing less than a mathematical manifesto. Arising in response to a limited National Curriculum, and engaged with secondary schooling for those aged 11 ̶ 14 (Key Stage 3) in particular, this handbook for teachers will help them broaden and enrich their students’ mathematical education. It avoids specifying how to teach, and focuses instead on the central principles and concepts that need to be borne in mind by all teachers and textbook authors—but which are little appreciated in the UK at present.
This study is aimed at anyone who would like to think more deeply about the discipline of ‘elementary mathematics’, in England and Wales and anywhere else. By analysing and supplementing the current curriculum, Teaching Mathematics provides food for thought for all those involved in school mathematics, whether as aspiring teachers or as experienced professionals. It challenges us all to reflect upon what it is that makes secondary school mathematics educationally, culturally, and socially important.
Potential Effects of the Choice of Costing Perspective on Cost Estimates
Authors: Dewa Carolyn S. , Trojanowski Lucy , Cheng Chiachen , Hoch Jeffrey S. 
Published: March 2016

Objective: Because health care resources are constrained, decision-making processes often require clarifying the potential costs and savings associated with different options. This involves calculating a program’s costs. The chosen costing perspective defines the costs to be considered and can ultimately influence decisions. Yet reviews of the literature suggest little attention has been paid to the perspective in economic evaluations. This article’s purpose is to explore how the costing perspective can affect cost estimates. Method: As a vehicle for our discussion, we use service use data for clients enrolled in 6 Ontario early psychosis intervention programs. Governmental and nongovernmental payer costing perspectives are considered. We examine annual costs associated with early psychosis intervention clients enrolled for ≤12 months versus those enrolled for >12 months. This also allows for an assessment of the impact that choice of time horizon can make on the results. Results: The difference in total between group cost for hospital, emergency room, and physicians is $2499; the >12-month group has relatively higher mean costs. When all governmental and nongovernmental costs are considered, there is a mean between-group cost difference of $1272, with lower mean costs for the >12-month group. Conclusions: Although the Ministry of Health bears a large proportion of costs, other governmental agencies and the private sector can incur a sizeable share. This example demonstrates the potential importance of including other cost perspectives with the hospital sector in analyses as well as the impact of time horizon on cost estimates.
Can microteaching be used for teaching postgraduate psychiatry residents in a small group?
Authors: Praharaj Samir Kumar 
Published: March 2016

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the feasibility of using microteaching for teaching postgraduate psychiatry residents in a small-group setting. Methods: Twelve postgraduate psychiatry residents attending the tutorial program were employed as study participants. Five of the consenting residents took part in the microteaching session in which subtopics were assigned. Feedback was obtained from the presenters and other participants regarding the microteaching session. Results: All of the presenters reported the microteaching session to be helpful in gaining a deeper understanding of the topic. Among the other participants, most found the microteaching exercise to be useful. Conclusion: Although preliminary, our findings suggest that microteaching can be used for training postgraduate psychiatry residents.
Extracranial internal carotid artery stenosis in children with sickle cell disease – Which transducer, what measurement?
Authors: Deane Colin R , Freedman Benjamin J , Height Susan E , Rees David C 
Published: March 2016

Background Transcranial Doppler ultrasound is used to screen and assess the intracranial arteries of children with sickle cell disease. Recent findings suggest that extracranial internal carotid artery (eICA) stenosis is also a contributing factor to silent cerebral infarction. Stenosis has been measured using phased array transducers with no beam/flow angle correction and linear arrays with angle correction. Methods A total of 124 children undergoing TCD assessment were investigated for eICA velocities. Manual measurements of peak systolic velocity and TCD mean velocity were made with phased and linear array transducers. Results Peak systolic velocities ranged from 60 to 534 cm/s (median 126 cm/s) using the linear array and 53 to 394 cm/s (median 115 cm/s) using the phased array transducers. TCD mean ranged from 39 to 419 cm/s (median 81 cm/s) using the linear array and 34 to 295 cm/s (median 72 cm/s) using the phased array transducers. Conclusions There are advantages and disadvantages of each method, but stenoses were readily identified as focal velocity increases. We suggest thresholds for each transducer and recommend that imaging of the eICA forms part of screening for this group of children.