bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lesbian and bisexual women's sexual healthcare experiences
Authors: Munson Siân , Cook Catherine 
Published: May 2016

Aims and objectivesTo develop insight into the experiences of lesbian and bisexual women accessing sexual health services and an understanding of their needs within the New Zealand context.BackgroundLesbian and bisexual women are typically invisible in healthcare settings due to heteronormative assumptions. As lesbian and bisexual women are reluctant to come out to clinicians, opportunities for targeted opportunistic health education are often missed. Lesbian and bisexual women have different needs from both heterosexual women and gay men when seeking healthcare. There has been little exploration of the experiences of lesbian and bisexual women accessing healthcare in the New Zealand context.DesignQualitative descriptive design.MethodsParticipants (n = 6) were recruited via advertisements and snowball sampling. Those recruited lived in a provincial city in New Zealand; self‐identified as lesbian or bisexual; and met the inclusion criteria. Semi‐structured, face‐to‐face interviews were used to obtain narrative data about participants being recipients of healthcare.ResultsFive themes were identified within the data set: Heteronormativity; The conundrum of safer sex; Implied and overt homophobia; Engagement with health promotion; and Resilience.ConclusionThis study highlighted the difficulties that lesbian and bisexual women face when seeking sexual healthcare, primarily due to clinicians' heteronormative assumptions. Lesbian and bisexual women have found ways of navigating the health system that make them feel safe(r) despite experiencing many adversities such as homophobia.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study's findings can be used to guide further research to identify ways to optimise clinicians' engagement with lesbian and bisexual women. Recognition of diversity and skilful communication are essential to rectify inequities and effectively target health information.
Significance of oral cancer‐associated fibroblasts in angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and tumor invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Lin Nan‐Nan , Wang Ping , Zhao Dan , Zhang Fu‐Jun , Yang Kai , Chen Rui 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundCancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are recognized as a pivotal promoter in cancer initiation and development. However, the role of CAFs in the progression and metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not been fully elucidated.Materials and MethodsLymphatic vessel density (LVD) and microvessel density (MVD) and the expression of α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 86 cases of OSCC. The correlations between α‐SMA expression and MMP‐9 expression, LVD, MVD, and other clinicopathological parameters were analyzed. In vitro invasion assay was performed to assess the effect of CAFs on the invasion of OSCC cells. We also investigated the effect of CAFs on the angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis by inoculating CAFs with OSCC cells into nude mice subcutaneously.ResultsPositive expression of α‐SMA protein was detected in 69.8% of the tumors. Increased α‐SMA expression was correlated strongly with enhanced tumor invasion, higher tumor grade, increased risk of recurrence, lymph node involvement, and higher peritumoral lymphatic vessel density and microvessel density (P < 0.05). CAFs induced more cancer cells to invade relative to normal fibroblasts (NFs) (P < 0.05). Compared with co‐injection of OSCC cells and NFs or injection of tumor cells alone, co‐injection of OSCC cells and CAFs resulted in earlier tumor formation and bigger tumor volume accompanied with increased angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis (P < 0.05).ConclusionCAFs may play critical roles in OSCC progression as an inducer of tumor invasion, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis. Therapeutic strategies targeting CAFs against OSCC is promising and need further exploration.
New hypothesis on pontine–frontal eye field connectivity in Kleine–Levin syndrome
Authors: Engström Maria , Landtblom Anne‐Marie , Karlsson Thomas 
Published: May 2016

SummaryPrevious studies have indicated involvement of the thalamus and the pons in Kleine–Levin syndrome. In the present study, functional connectivity of the thalamus and the pons was investigated in asymptomatic patients with Kleine–Levin syndrome and healthy controls. Twelve patients and 14 healthy controls were investigated by functional magnetic resonance imaging during rest. Resting state images were analysed using seed regions of interest in the thalamus and the pons. The results showed significantly lower functional connectivity between the pons and the frontal eye field in persons with Kleine–Levin syndrome compared with healthy controls. There were no connectivity differences involving the thalamus. Based on these findings, a relation is proposed between the sleep disorder Kleine–Levin syndrome and cerebral control of eye movements, which in turn is related to visual attention and working memory. This hypothesis has to be tested in future studies of oculomotor control in Kleine–Levin syndrome.
Molecular mechanisms of adaptation and speciation: why do we need an integrative approach?
Authors: Byers Kelsey J. R. P. , Xu Shuqing , Schlüter Philipp M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractUnderstanding divergent adaptation and ecological speciation requires the synthesis of multiple approaches, including phenotypic characterization, genetics and genomics, realistic assessment of fitness and population genetic modelling. Current research in this field often approaches this problem from one of two directions: either a mechanistic approach—seeking to link phenotype, genotype and fitness, or a genomic approach—searching for signatures of divergence or selection across the genome. In most cases, these two approaches are not synthesized, and as a result, our understanding is incomplete. We argue that research in adaptation and evolutionary genetics needs to integrate these approaches for multiple reasons, including progress towards understanding the architecture and evolutionary history of adaptation and speciation loci, the ability to untangle linkage and pleiotropy, increased knowledge of mechanisms of genomic evolution and insights into parallel evolutionary events. Identifying the genetic underpinnings of adaptation and ecological speciation is not necessarily the end goal of research, but it is an integral part of understanding the evolutionary process. As a result, it is critical to utilize both genetic and genomic approaches. Challenges remain, particularly in nonmodel organisms and in our ability to synthesize results from multiple experimental systems. Nonetheless, advances in genetic and genomic techniques are increasingly available in a diverse array of systems, and the time is ripe to exploit the synthesis of these two approaches to increase our understanding of evolution.
Interplay of regulatory RNAs and mobile genetic elements in enteric pathogens
Authors: Fröhlich Kathrin S. , Papenfort Kai 
Published: May 2016

SummaryHorizontal transfer of genetic information is a major driving force of evolution. In bacteria, genome plasticity is intimately linked to the ability of the bacterium to integrate novel material into existing gene expression circuits. Small RNAs (sRNAs) are a versatile class of regulatory molecules, and have recently been discovered to perform important tasks in the interplay between core genomic elements and horizontally‐acquired DNA. Together with auxiliary proteins such as the RNA‐chaperone Hfq and cellular ribonucleases, sRNAs typically act post‐transcriptionally to either promote or restrict the expression of multiple target genes. Bacterial sRNAs have been identified in core and peripheral (acquired) genome sequences, and their target suites may likewise include genes from both locations. In this review, we discuss how sRNAs influence the expression of foreign genetic material in enterobacterial pathogens, and outline the processes that foster the integration of horizontally‐acquired RNAs into existing regulatory networks. We also consider potential benefits and risks of horizontal gene transfer for RNA‐based gene regulation.
A systematic review of commercial weight loss programmes’ effect on glycemic outcomes among overweight and obese adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Chaudhry Z. W. , Doshi R. S. , Mehta A. K. , Jacobs D. K. , Vakil R. M. , Lee C. J. , Bleich S. N. , Kalyani R. R. , Clark J. M. , Gudzune K. A. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryObjectiveWe examined the glycemic benefits of commercial weight loss programmes as compared with control/education or counselling among overweight and obese adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and references cited by individual programmes. We included randomized controlled trials of ≥12 weeks duration. Two reviewers extracted information on study design, population characteristics, interventions, and mean changes in haemoglobin A1c and glucose.ResultsWe included 18 randomized controlled trials. Few trials occurred among individuals with T2DM. In this population, Jenny Craig reduced A1c at least 0.4% more than counselling at 12 months, Nutrisystem significantly reduced A1c 0.3% more than counselling at 6 months, and OPTIFAST reduced A1c 0.3% more than counselling at 6 months. Among individuals without T2DM, few studies evaluated glycemic outcomes, and when reported, most did not show substantial reductions.DiscussionFew trials have examined whether commercial weight loss programmes result in glycemic benefits for their participants, particularly among overweight and obese individuals without T2DM. Jenny Craig, Nutrisystem and OPTIFAST show promising glycemic lowering benefits for patients with T2DM, although additional studies are needed to confirm these conclusions. © 2016 World Obesity
Children's Physiological Regulation and Sibling Conflict as Correlates of Children's Conscience Development
Authors: Scrimgeour Meghan B. , Mariotti Emily C. , Blandon Alysia Y. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractChildren's conscience, including the ability to experience guilt and engage in rule‐compatible behavior, develops across early childhood. The current study investigated whether within‐family variation in children's baseline respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and sibling conflict behavior were associated with individual differences in children's guilt and internalized conduct. Between‐family differences across sibling dyad gender compositions were also examined. A within‐family design that included 70 families with two siblings between the ages of 2 and 5 was utilized. Children's baseline RSA was measured while sitting quietly with their family. Mothers and fathers completed questionnaires that assessed siblings’ conflict behavior, guilt, and internalized conduct. Older siblings had higher levels of guilt and internalized conduct than younger siblings. Results from actor‐partner interdependence models indicated that there were no direct effects of children's baseline RSA. The interaction effects approached significance (p's ≤ .08) suggesting that older siblings’ conflict moderated the association between older siblings’ baseline RSA and both older and younger siblings’ guilt. In contrast, older siblings’ conflict was positively associated with older and younger siblings’ internalized conduct. Guilt and internalized conduct also differed for older and younger siblings in different dyad gender compositions. The results underscore the need for greater clarity regarding the function that siblings serve in promoting children's moral development during early childhood.
A short motif in Arabidopsis CDK inhibitor ICK1 decreases the protein level, probably through a ubiquitin‐independent mechanism
Authors: Li Qin , Shi Xianzong , Ye Shengjian , Wang Sheng , Chan Ron , Harkness Troy , Wang Hong 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThe ICK/KRP family of cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors modulates the activity of plant CDKs through protein binding. Previous work has shown that changing the levels of ICK/KRP proteins by overexpression or downregulation affects cell proliferation and plant growth, and also that the ubiquitin proteasome system is involved in degradation of ICK/KRPs. We show in this study that the region encompassing amino acids 21 to 40 is critical for ICK1 levels in both Arabidopsis and yeast. To determine how degradation of ICK1 is controlled, we analyzed the accumulation of hemagglutinin (HA) epitope‐tagged ICK1 proteins in yeast mutants defective for two ubiquitin E3 ligases. The highest level of HA‐ICK1 protein was observed when both the N‐terminal 1–40 sequence was removed and the SCF (SKP1–Cullin1–F‐box complex) function disrupted, suggesting the involvement of both SCF‐dependent and SCF‐independent mechanisms in the degradation of ICK1 in yeast. A short motif consisting of residues 21–30 is sufficient to render green fluorescent protein (GFP) unstable in plants and had a similar effect in plants regardless of whether it was fused to the N‐terminus or C‐terminus of GFP. Furthermore, results from a yeast ubiquitin receptor mutant rpn10Δ indicate that protein ubiquitination is not critical in the degradation of GFP‐ICK11–40 in yeast. These results thus identify a protein‐destabilizing sequence motif that does not contain a typical ubiquitination residue, suggesting that it probably functions through an SCF‐independent mechanism.
Effect of iron supplementation on iron stores and total body iron after whole blood donation
Authors: Cable Ritchard G. , Brambilla Donald , Glynn Simone A. , Kleinman Steven , Mast Alan E. , Spencer Bryan R. , Stone Mars , Kiss Joseph E. ,   for the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study‐III (REDS‐III)
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUNDUnderstanding the effect of blood donation and iron supplementation on iron balance will inform strategies to manage donor iron status.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA total of 215 donors were randomized to receive ferrous gluconate daily (37.5 mg iron) or no iron for 24 weeks after blood donation. Iron stores were assessed using ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor. Hemoglobin (Hb) iron was calculated from total body Hb. Total body iron (TBI) was estimated by summing iron stores and Hb iron.RESULTSAt 24 weeks, TBI in donors taking iron increased by 281.0 mg (95% confidence interval [CI], 223.4‐338.6 mg) compared to before donation, while TBI in donors not on iron decreased by 74.1 mg (95% CI, −112.3 to −35.9; p < 0.0001, iron vs. no iron). TBI increased rapidly after blood donation with iron supplementation, especially in iron‐depleted donors. Supplementation increased TBI compared to controls during the first 8 weeks after donation: 367.8 mg (95% CI, 293.5‐442.1) versus −24.1 mg (95% CI, −82.5 to 34.3) for donors with a baseline ferritin level of not more than 26 ng/mL and 167.8 mg (95% CI, 116.5‐219.2) versus −68.1 mg (95% CI, −136.7 to 0.5) for donors with a baseline ferritin level of more than 26 ng/mL. A total of 88% of the benefit of iron supplementation occurred during the first 8 weeks after blood donation.CONCLUSIONDonors on iron supplementation replaced donated iron while donors not on iron did not. Eight weeks of iron supplementation provided nearly all of the measured improvement in TBI. Daily iron supplementation after blood donation allows blood donors to recover the iron loss from blood donation and prevents sustained iron deficiency.
Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 L‐type calcium channels independently control short‐ and long‐term sensitization to pain
Authors: Radwani Houda , Lopez‐Gonzalez Maria José , Cattaert Daniel , Roca‐Lapirot Olivier , Dobremez Eric , Bouali‐Benazzouz Rabia , Eiríksdóttir Emelía , Langel Ülo , Favereaux Alexandre , Errami Mohammed , Landry Marc , Fossat Pascal 
Published: May 2016

Key points
L‐type calcium channels in the CNS exist as two subunit forming channels, Cav1.2 and Cav1.3, which are involved in short‐ and long‐term plasticity.
We demonstrate that Cav1.3 but not Cav1.2 is essential for wind‐up.
These results identify Cav1.3 as a key conductance responsible for short‐term sensitization in physiological pain transmission.
We confirm the role of Cav1.2 in a model of long‐term plasticity associated with neuropathic pain.
Up‐regulation of Cav1.2 and down‐regultation of Cav1.3 in neuropathic pain underlies the switch from physiology to pathology.
Finally, the results of the present study reveal that therapeutic targeting molecular pathways involved in wind‐up may be not relevant in the treatment of neuropathy.
AbstractShort‐term central sensitization to pain temporarily increases the responsiveness of nociceptive pathways after peripheral injury. In dorsal horn neurons (DHNs), short‐term sensitization can be monitored through the study of wind‐up. Wind‐up, a progressive increase in DHNs response following repetitive peripheral stimulations, depends on the post‐synaptic L‐type calcium channels. In the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, two L‐type calcium channels are present, Cav1.2 and Cav1.3, each displaying specific kinetics and spatial distribution. In the present study, we used a mathematical model of DHNs in which we integrated the specific patterns of expression of each Cav subunits. This mathematical approach reveals that Cav1.3 is necessary for the onset of wind‐up, whereas Cav1.2 is not and that synaptically triggered wind‐up requires NMDA receptor activation. We then switched to a biological preparation in which we knocked down Cav subunits and confirmed the prominent role of Cav1.3 in both naive and spinal nerve ligation model of neuropathy (SNL). Interestingly, although a clear mechanical allodynia dependent on Cav1.2 expression was observed after SNL, the amplitude of wind‐up was decreased. These results were confirmed with our model when adapting Cav1.3 conductance to the changes observed after SNL. Finally, our mathematical approach predicts that, although wind‐up amplitude is decreased in SNL, plateau potentials are not altered, suggesting that plateau and wind‐up are not fully equivalent. Wind‐up and long‐term hyperexcitability of DHNs are differentially controlled by Cav1.2 and Cav1.3, therefore confirming that short‐ and long‐term sensitization are two different phenomena triggered by distinct mechanisms.
Genome Sequence of Psychrobacter cibarius Strain W1
Authors: Raghupathi Prem K. , Herschend Jakob , Røder Henriette L. , Sørensen Søren J. , Burmølle Mette 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Psychrobacter cibarius
strain W1, which was isolated at a slaughterhouse in Denmark. The 3.63-Mb genome sequence was assembled into 241 contigs.
Draft Genome Sequences of Five Rapidly Growing
Mycobacterium
Species,
M. thermoresistibile
, M. fortuitum subsp.
acetamidolyticum
,
M. canariasense
,
M. brisbanense
, and
M. novocastrense
Authors: Katahira Katsuyuki , Ogura Yoshitoshi , Gotoh Yasuhiro , Hayashi Tetsuya 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

We report here the draft genome sequences of five rapidly growing
Mycobacterium
(RGM) species potentially pathogenic to humans,
M. thermoresistibile
,
M. fortuitum
subsp.
acetamidolyticum
,
M. canariasense
,
M. brisbanense
, and
M. novocastrense
. As the clinical importance of RGMs is increasingly being recognized worldwide, these sequences would contribute to further advances in RGM research.
Efficacy and safety of acupuncture for chemotherapy-induced leucopoenia: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Nian Jiayun , Sun Xu , Guo Jiao , Yan Chen , Wang Xiaomin , Yang Guowang , Yang Lin , Yu Mingwei , Zhang Ganlin 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionMany cancer patients experience leucopoenia during chemotherapy. Granulocyte- colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is used to treat chemotherapy-induced leucopoenia (CIL) but has various limitations. Clinical trials have indicated that acupuncture may prevent bone marrow suppression and increase leucocyte counts after chemotherapy. The objective of this review is to assess the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for treating CIL.Methods and analysisThis systematic review will electronically search the following databases: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), the Cochrane Library, Medline, EMBASE, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI), the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), the Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP Database) and the Wanfang database from their inception to 1 January 2016. Other sources will also be searched including potential grey literature, conference proceedings and the reference lists of identified publications and existing systematic reviews. Two reviewers will independently search the databases, perform data extraction and assess the quality of studies. Data will be synthesised by either the fixed-effects or the random-effects model according to a heterogeneity test. White blood cell counts will be assessed as the primary outcome. Adverse effects, incidence of leucopoenia, quality of life and physical condition will be evaluated as secondary outcomes. RevMan V.5.3 will be employed for data analysis. The results will be expressed as risk ratios for dichotomous data and mean differences for continuous data.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol does not need ethics approval because individuals cannot be identified. The review will be reported in a peer-reviewed publication or at a relevant conference.Trial registration numberCRD42015027594.
750 GeV diphoton signal from one-family walking technipion
Authors: Matsuzaki Shinya , Yamawaki Koichi 
Published: May 2016

The ATLAS and CMS groups have recently reported an excess at around 750 GeV with the local significance by about 3[Formula: see text] in the diphoton channel at the 13 TeV LHC. We give a possible explanation for the excess by a composite pseudo scalar [Formula: see text] predicted in the one-family model of walking technicolor.
ВСТАНОВЛЕННЯ ТА ВИКОРИСТАННЯ АВТОМАТИЧНИХ ЗОВНІШНІХ ДЕФІБРИЛЯТОРІВ У ГРОМАДСЬКИХ МІСЦЯХ ТЕРНОПОЛЯ – ЕФЕКТИВНИЙ ЕЛЕМЕНТ НАДАННЯ ДОМЕДИЧНОЇ ДОПОМОГИ ПРИ РАПТОВІЙ ЗУПИНЦІ КРОВООБІГУ
Authors: Ляхович Р. М. 
Published: May 2016

<p>У статті проведений аналіз догоспітальної летальності при раптовій кардіальній смерті. Висвітлені часові рамки та якість проводимих реанімаційних заходів. Зроблений акцент на залученні прогресивного, ефективного та доступного методу базової домедичної реанімаційної допомоги – автоматичного зовнішнього дефібрилятора. </p>
ОЦІНКА РЕЗУЛЬТАТІВ КОМПЛЕКСНОГО ЛІКУВАННЯ ПОВЕРХНЕВИХ ФОРМ РАКУ СЕЧОВОГО МІХУРА
Authors: Пасічник С. М. 
Published: May 2016

<p>Метою роботи було проведення оцінки результатів комплексного лікування поверхневих форм раку сечового міхура (ПФРСМ) Т<sub>А - 1</sub> G<sub>1 - 3</sub> при застосуванні доксорубіцину в різних схемах ад’ювантної хіміопрофілактики (АХП). У дослідженні взяло участь 342 пацієнти, хворих на ПФРСМ. У роботі показано значне зменшення локального рецидивування та прогресії пухлинного процесу в пацієнтів із ПФРСМ протягом одного року спостереження. Позитивний ефект було досягнуто при застосуванні комплексної терапії (ендовезикальні інстиляції доксорубіцину з додаванням 4 мл 70 % розчину димексиду та 26 мл 0,9 % розчину NaCl після проведеного ендохірургічного лікування пухлинного процесу).</p>