bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thin current sheets: from the work of Ginzburg and Syrovatskii to the present day
Authors: Zelenyi L M , Malova H V , Grigorenko E E , Yu Popov V 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
We outline the history and development of the theory of thin current sheets in a collisionless space plasma from the early ideas of V L Ginzburg and S I Syrovatskii to the present day. We review the key achievements of the quasi-adiabatic theory, which provided insight into the fine structure of thin current sheets and enabled a comparison with experiment. This comparison showed the quasi-adiabatic approach to be more effective than the classical MHD approximation. With the development of the quasi-adiabatic theory in the last two decades, the existence of a number of new thin current sheet features, such as multi-scaling, metastability, and embedding, has been predicted and subsequently confirmed in situ; the role of individual particle populations in the formation of the current sheet fine structure has also been investigated. The role of nonadiabatic effects in accelerating plasma beamlets interacting with current sheets is examined. Asymmetry mechanisms in thin current sheets in the presence of a magnetic shear component are described. A study is carried out of current sheet self-organization processes leading to the formation of a shear magnetic component consistent with currents flowing in the plasma. It is demonstrated that the ongoing development of the theory of thin current structures is a logical continuation of Syrovatskii’s and Ginzburg’s ideas on cosmic rays and reconnected current sheets in the solar corona.
Dynamic properties of ionospheric plasma turbulence driven by high-power high-frequency radiowaves
Authors: Grach S M , Sergeev E N , Mishin E V , Shindin A V 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
A review is given of the current state-of-the-art of experimental studies and the theoretical understanding of nonlinear phenomena that occur in the ionospheric F-layer irradiated by high-power high-frequency ground-based transmitters. The main focus is on the dynamic features of high-frequency turbulence (plasma waves) and low-frequency turbulence (density irregularities of various scales) that have been studied in experiments at the Sura and HAARP heating facilities operated in temporal and frequency regimes specially designed with consideration of the characteristic properties of nonlinear processes in the perturbed ionosphere using modern radio receivers and optical instruments. Experimental results are compared with theoretical turbulence models for a magnetized collisional plasma in a high-frequency electromagnetic field, allowing the identification of the processes responsible for the observed features of artificial ionospheric turbulence.
A RESOLVED NEAR-INFRARED IMAGE OF THE INNER CAVITY IN THE GM Aur TRANSITIONAL DISK∗
Authors: Oh Daehyeon , Hashimoto Jun , Carson Joseph C. , Janson Markus , Kwon Jungmi , Nakagawa Takao , Mayama Satoshi , Uyama Taichi , Yang Yi , Kudo Tomoyuki , Kusakabe Nobuhiko , Abe Lyu , Akiyama Eiji , Brandner Wolfgang , Brandt Timothy D. , Currie Thayne , Feldt Markus , Goto Miwa , Grady Carol A. , Guyon Olivier , Hayano Yutaka , Hayashi Masahiko , Hayashi Saeko S. , Henning Thomas , Hodapp Klaus W. , Ishii Miki , Iye Masanori , Kandori Ryo , Knapp Gillian R. , Kuzuhara Masayuki , Matsuo Taro , Mcelwain Michael W. , Miyama Shoken , Morino Jun-Ichi , Moro-Martin Amaya , Nishimura Tetsuo , Pyo Tae-Soo , Serabyn Eugene , Suenaga Takuya , Suto Hiroshi , Suzuki Ryuji , Takahashi Yasuhiro H. , Takato Naruhisa , Terada Hiroshi , Thalmann Christian , Turner Edwin L. , Watanabe Makoto , Yamada Toru , Takami Hideki , Usuda Tomonori , Tamura Motohide 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
We present high-contrast H-band polarized intensity (PI) images of the transitional disk around the young solar-like star GM Aur. The near-infrared direct imaging of the disk was derived by polarimetric differential imaging using the Subaru 8.2 m Telescope and HiCIAO. An angular resolution and an inner working angle of 0.″07 and r ∼ 0.″05, respectively, were obtained. We clearly resolved a large inner cavity, with a measured radius of 18 ± 2 au, which is smaller than that of a submillimeter interferometric image (28 au). This discrepancy in the cavity radii at near-infrared and submillimeter wavelengths may be caused by a 3–4 M
Jup planet about 20 au away from the star, near the edge of the cavity. The presence of a near-infrared inner cavity is a strong constraint on hypotheses for inner cavity formation in a transitional disk. A dust filtration mechanism has been proposed to explain the large cavity in the submillimeter image, but our results suggest that this mechanism must be combined with an additional process. We found that the PI slope of the outer disk is significantly different from the intensity slope obtained from HST/NICMOS, and this difference may indicate the grain growth process in the disk.
Les recherches éthologiques récentes sur les phénomènes socio-culturels dans le monde animal : Un regard renouvelé en profondeur
Authors: Guillo Dominique 
Published: October 2016

Les recherches sur la sociabilité animale au sens large ont été révolutionnées durant le demi-siècle écoulé, au plan théorique comme au plan empirique. Ces recherches nouvelles s’articulent principalement autour de deux thématiques : la description et l’explication du comportement social des animaux, d’une part, et celles des cultures animales , d’autre part. Bien loin de souscrire à un béhaviorisme sommaire, ces perspectives font ressortir empiriquement la complexité et la multiplicité des modes de sociabilité observables dans les différentes espèces animales. Outre ces découvertes empiriques, elles proposent des explications évolutionnistes extrêmement solides de l’apparition des comportements sociaux dans le monde vivant et des aptitudes culturelles animales. Toutefois, elles déploient une conception bien particulière de l’agentivité animale et des phénomènes socio-culturels, qui repose sur une épistémologie et des concepts quelque peu différents de ceux qui sont traditionnellement mobilisés dans les sciences sociales humaines. Ces différences – qui ne sont pas des incommensurabilités ou des contradictions – rendent illégitimes à la fois les tentatives d’explication réductionnistes de la sociabilité humaine, proposées par certains éthologues, et le rejet en bloc ou l’indifférence des sciences sociales à l’égard de ces recherches éthologiques sur les animaux. Par leur richesse, ces dernières invitent à trouver des voies qui articulent , sans les réduire les unes aux autres, les vues développées, chacune de leur côté et avec leurs propres méthodes, par les sciences sociales et par les sciences de la vie.
Comment articuler les sciences de la vie et les sciences sociales à propos des relations humains / animaux ? Un modèle interactionniste et évolutionniste
Authors: Claidière Nicolas , Guillo Dominique 
Published: October 2016

Le modèle développé dans cet article vise à éclairer les relations interspécifiques en articulant les vues proposées dans la sociologie interactionniste, d’une part, et l’éthologie – et plus largement les sciences du comportement –, d’autre part. Ce modèle est centré sur l’interaction sociale et ses effets. Il repose sur l’idée selon laquelle la condition minimale de l’existence de faits sociaux et culturels n’est pas une identité partagée – de représentations, de comportements, d’une capacité à lire les intentions d’autrui, à imiter, à manipuler des symboles, ou encore une compréhension ou un sens communs. C’est une condition beaucoup moins restrictive : la possibilité d’ajustement pratique entre deux êtres au cours de leurs interactions – condition qui peut être réalisée entre deux êtres très différents. Un tel modèle fait ressortir avec acuité de nombreux phénomènes produits par les interactions – et tout particulièrement les interactions interspécifiques – qui échappent nécessairement aux perspectives appuyées sur les différentes déclinaisons du principe d’identité, en particulier celles qui restreignent le social learning à un mécanisme de copie – d’imitation. Pour illustrer ce modèle, nous nous appuierons sur l’étude des relations que les humains entretiennent avec deux espèces : les chiens et les macaques de Barbarie.
VOISEE COMMUNICATOR: An Android Mobile Application for Hearing-impaired and Blind Communications
Authors: Landicho Junar Arciete 
Published: October 2016

<p class="Abstract">Voisee Communicator is an android type mobile messaging application designed and developed for the thorough communication between two disabled people most especially the hearing-impaired and blind people. With stable and smart Eclipse IDE and the availability of different built-in libraries in java especially the tts.speech.SpeechToText and tts.speech.RecognizerIntent has been taken advantage to create custom voice command functionalities.</p>Creating, replying, sending and forwarding messages are among the primary and fundamental features that this study has to offer. The researchers analyzed the results of the test survey and evaluation form and proved that the application is a user friendly, efficient and accurate in delivering messages to the recipient and has the important features that the users expected.
Novel Techniques to Enhance the Security of Smartphone Applications
Authors: Dar Muneer Ahmad , Parvez Javed 
Published: October 2016

<p class="Author"><span>Smart phones have already become an important part of our lives. Smartphone is in the hands of millions of novice users who are unaware of the security concerns they may face. In order to address the security concerns of the millions of users, we propose and implement three novel techniques to enhance the security of these Smartphone’s. The first Technique is Need based Security (NBS) wherein we take away the flexibility from the programmer and give the control to the users who can decide whether to permit the application to access any of the resources or not. In our second Technique we used the security API which will take care of everything in background and in our third technique we locked all the applications so that they can be restricted from doing any malicious activity. We tried to find out the security loopholes in one of the leading Smartphone operating system i.e. Android with the intension to apply the novel techniques proposed and implemented in this paper.</span></p>
Seroconversion to Causes of Febrile Illness in Mongolian Peacekeepers Deployed to South Sudan
Authors: Enkhtsetseg Altangerel , Davadoorj Rendoo , Fernandez Stefan , Mongkolsirichaikul Duangrat , Altantuul Damdin , Elbegdorj Erdene , Ganchimeg Lkhagvasuren , Yingst Samuel L. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Immediately before deployment (Fall 2012) and after deployment (Spring 2013) in support of United Nations peacekeeping operations, Mongolian Armed Forces medical personnel obtained serum samples from the first contingent of Mongolian peacekeepers deploying to South Sudan to monitor serologic evidence of exposure to diseases that cause acute febrile illness. A total of 632 paired samples were tested for IgG antibody for the following (number of seroconversions in parentheses): Rickettsia (spotted fever and typhus groups) (25), West Nile fever virus (WNV) (23), Coxiella burnetii (causative agent of Q fever) (12), dengue virus (8), leptospirosis (6), chikungunya virus (0), Congo–Crimean hemorrhagic fever virus (0), Japanese encephalitis virus (0), and Rift Valley fever virus (0). There was also evidence of exposure to WNV, C. burnetii, leptospirosis, and Rickettsia before deployment.
Polymerase Chain Reaction–Based Assays for the Diagnosis of Active and Relapsed Cases of Human Brucellosis
Authors: Hasanjani Roushan Mohammad Reza , Marashi Seyed Mahmoud Amin , Moulana Zahra 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This study aimed to compare polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with serum agglutination test (SAT) in the diagnosis of patients before and 6 months after treatment. Peripheral blood specimens from 50 patients with brucellosis (case group) and 30 subjects without brucellosis (control group) were selected and entered into the study. The diagnosis of brucellosis was established using SAT ≥ 1:160 and 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) ≥ 1:80 with clinical signs and symptoms compatible with brucellosis. For each case, both before treatment and 6 months after completion of therapy, SAT, 2-ME, and PCR were performed. Subjects in the control group were assessed by the same tests at the initial visit. In the case group, 50 patients (36 males, 14 females) with the mean age of 43.6 ± 14.5 years were evaluated. The mean age of the control group was 40.6 ± 14 years. Among the 50 patients whose nested PCR assays were initially positive, 43 (86%) were negative 6 months after completing treatment. Relapse occurred in five (10%) patients within 6 months after treatment and all were PCR positive. None of the patients in the control group was PCR positive. Results show that PCR seems to be highly sensitive and specific, and therefore is a useful method for both the initial diagnosis and detection of relapse or chronic brucellosis.
Ice core evidence for a 20th century increase in surface mass balance in coastal Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica
Authors: Philippe Morgane , Tison Jean-Louis , Fjøsne Karen , Hubbard Bryn , Kjær Helle A. , Lenaerts Jan T. M. , Drews Reinhard , Sheldon Simon G. , De Bondt Kevin , Claeys Philippe , Pattyn Frank 
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Ice cores provide temporal records of surface mass balance (SMB). Coastal areas of Antarctica have relatively high and variable SMB, but are under-represented in records spanning more than 100 years. Here we present SMB reconstruction from a 120 m-long ice core drilled in 2012 on the Derwael Ice Rise, coastal Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica. Water stable isotope (δ18O and δD) stratigraphy is supplemented by discontinuous major ion profiles and continuous electrical conductivity measurements. The base of the ice core is dated to AD 1759 ± 16, providing a climate proxy for the past  ∼ 250 years. The core's annual layer thickness history is combined with its gravimetric density profile to reconstruct the site's SMB history, corrected for the influence of ice deformation. The mean SMB for the core's entire history is 0.47 ± 0.02 m water equivalent (w.e.) a−1. The time series of reconstructed annual SMB shows high variability, but a general increase beginning in the 20th century. This increase is particularly marked during the last 50 years (1962–2011), which yields mean SMB of 0.61 ± 0.01 m w.e. a−1. This trend is compared with other reported SMB data in Antarctica, generally showing a high spatial variability. Output of the fully coupled Community Earth System Model (CESM) suggests that, although atmospheric circulation is the main factor influencing SMB, variability in sea surface temperatures and sea ice cover in the precipitation source region also explain part of the variability in SMB. Local snow redistribution can also influence interannual variability but is unlikely to influence long-term trends significantly. This is the first record from a coastal ice core in East Antarctica to show an increase in SMB beginning in the early 20th century and particularly marked during the last 50 years.
“Two stories at the same time”: Silent Narratives of Enslavement in Pudd'nhead Wilson
Authors: Johnson Kara A. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This article offers a rereading of Pudd'nhead Wilson's enslaved character Roxy. It analyzes Twain's language of textual creation, revision, and violence in Those Extraordinary Twins, and describes how it pertains to Roxy's storyline. These physical descriptions connect directly to Roxy's violent circumstances and continuous efforts to enact change—or “revision”—in her life. Pudd'nhead Wilson, in turn, refers to the language of textual creation to illustrate the deeply embedded narratives of enslavement against which Roxy struggles. This article also contends that Roxy's fingerprint is an important text that embodies the haunting presence of slavery, in both her life and in the antebellum South as a whole. Finally, it discusses how this critical reading of Twain's language of textual and physical violence can also be applied to Jim's enforced acts of “inscription” in the concluding chapters of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.
The Mysterious Stranger: A Religious Allegory for a Post-Christian Age
Authors: Scalia Bill 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Allegory in its basic form posits a dynamic relationship between explicit and implicit elements. If allegory is a negotiation between an explicit text and an implicit text with the locus of meaning generated in the relation between the two (or a relationship that has been reclaimed as culturally and politically determined in the work of Benjamin, Jameson, and de Man), then a post-Christian allegoresis negotiates between the explicit text and the void left by the “disappeared text,” a text negated by endless internal negotiations. This article will not claim that Mark Twain composed The Mysterious Stranger as an allegory; rather, it will determine an allegoresis model acknowledging an inherent destabilization of the text. While this negotiation is necessary because text veils what it cannot state directly, a postmodern allegoresis suggests that the implicit text of The Mysterious Stranger has become inexpressible not because the themes are necessarily unspeakable but have become meaningless.
Tom Sawyer Said He Was “a Stranger from Hicksville, Ohio, and His Name Was William Thompson”
Authors: Kassam Hamada 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This article highlights the impact that southwestern humorist William Thompson had on Mark Twain's composition of his masterpiece, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884), and his 1894 book Tom Sawyer Abroad. In both novels, Huck refers to Tom Sawyer as “William Thompson” and “Bill Thompson.” This prompts a further investigation of Twain's authorial intention. There are many textual elements in these two novels which suggest the possibility that Twain was conscious of Thompson and critical of his dubious literary and political involvement in promoting slavery and a secessionist agenda both before and after the Civil War. Consequently, Twain's masterpiece can be read in quite an unprecedented way. It also becomes important that Tom is punished in both books for his mischievous and evil doings, which he deems “romantical” and “noble.” This ultimately demonstrates Twain's mastery of southwestern humor and how he turns the tables on Thompson and other proslavery southwestern humorists and southern writers.
Looking Outward: Villemain’s International Perspective at the 1965 Penn State Seminar
Authors: Rodriguez Felix , Stankiewicz Mary Ann 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In this essay, we analyze Francis T. Villemain’s statement, given near the end of the 1965 Penn State Seminar, where he pointed out the need to think about research and curriculum development in art education from an international perspective. We look at Villemain’s brief statement through the lenses of postcolonial theories, delving into his philosophy of education, life, and professional history for clues on his motivations for proposing an international perspective at the seminar. We analyze Villemain’s advocacy for exporting democracy and aesthetic excellence to underdeveloped areas of the world in relation to a larger fabric of ideas that permeated the intellectual milieu during the Cold War. This essay points to the need for more critical analysis of international perspectives in art education.
Unidirectional radiative heat transfer with a spectrally selective planar absorber/emitter for high-efficiency solar thermophotovoltaic systems
Authors: Kohiyama Asaka , Shimizu Makoto , Yugami Hiroo 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
A high-efficiency solar thermophotovoltaic (STPV) system has been demonstrated using spectrally selective planar absorber/emitter systems and a GaSb TPV cell. In this study, a novel approach for designing the STPV system based on the efficiency of unidirectional radiative heat transfer has been introduced. To achieve high extraction and photovoltaic conversion efficiencies, the spectrally selective absorber/emitter based on a coherent perfect absorber composed of a thin molybdenum layer sandwiched between hafnium layers was applied. The extraction efficiency was further investigated with respect to the absorber/emitter area ratio. The experimental efficiency of STPV reached 5.1% with the area ratio of 2.3.
Response of magnetic tunnel junction-based spin-torque oscillator to series of sub-nanosecond magnetic pulses
Authors: Nagasawa Tazumi , Suto Hirofumi , Kudo Kiwamu , Mizushima Koichi , Sato Rie 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Spin-torque oscillator (STO) read heads with a high data transfer rate for hard disk drives have been proposed. To investigate the oscillation stability and frequency agility of the STO under magnetic pulses, we measured the response waveforms of the STO to a series of sub-nanosecond magnetic pulses and calculated the delay-detection output signal from the STO waveforms. We found that stable oscillation was maintained under the magnetic pulses and that the delay-detection output signal reproduced the applied pulse pattern. The results indicate that the STO read heads can operate at data transfer rates higher than 2 Gbits/s.