bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early pregnancy body mass index modifies the association of pre‐pregnancy dietary patterns with serum polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations throughout pregnancy in Brazilian women
Authors: Benaim Camila , Freitas‐Vilela Ana Amélia , Pinto Thatiana de Jesus Pereira , Lepsch Jaqueline , Farias Dayana Rodrigues , dos Santos Vaz Juliana , El‐Bacha Tatiana , Kac Gilberto 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDietary patterns (DPs) have been described as an important factor that may influence polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentrations and body mass index (BMI) during pregnancy. We aim to evaluate the association between pre‐pregnancy DPs and serum PUFA percentages throughout pregnancy considering early pregnancy BMI as a possible effect modifier. A prospective cohort of 154 pregnant women was followed (5th–13th, 20th–26th, and 30th–36th gestational weeks). Serum PUFA concentrations (total n‐3 and total n‐6, eicosapentaenoic + docosahexaenoic acids) were measured in each trimester and expressed as percentages. The n‐6/n‐3 ratio was calculated. Longitudinal linear mixed‐effects models including interaction terms between DPs and early pregnancy BMI were employed. Serum PUFA percentages declined, whereas the n‐6/n‐3 ratio, monounsaturated, and saturated percentages increased throughout pregnancy for all BMI categories. Three pre‐pregnancy DPs were identified by principal component analysis (common Brazilian, healthy, and processed). Overweight women with higher adherence to the common‐Brazilian and to the healthy DPs presented reduced n‐3 PUFA percentage and increased n‐6 percentages and n‐6/n‐3 ratio compared to under or normal weight women. Obese women with higher adherence to the processed DP presented a more pronounced decrease of total n‐3 percentage compared to under or normal weight women. Early pregnancy BMI modified the effect of pre‐pregnancy DPs on PUFA profile throughout gestation. Higher adherence to the healthy pattern was associated with increased n‐3 percentage, except for overweight women. Only for processed DP was the behaviour of PUFA the same for all BMI categories, showing a worse evolution profile, that is, increased n‐6 and reduced n‐3 fractions.
New insights into global biogeography, population structure and natural selection from the genome of the epipelagic copepod Oithona
Authors: Madoui Mohammed‐Amin , Poulain Julie , Sugier Kevin , Wessner Marc , Noel Benjamin , Berline Leo , Labadie Karine , Cornils Astrid , Blanco‐Bercial Leocadio , Stemmann Lars , Jamet Jean‐Louis , Wincker Patrick 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn the epipelagic ocean, the genus Oithona is considered as one of the most abundant and widespread copepods and plays an important role in the trophic food web. Despite its ecological importance, little is known about Oithona and cyclopoid copepods genomics. Therefore, we sequenced, assembled and annotated the genome of Oithona nana. The comparative genomic analysis integrating available copepod genomes highlighted the expansions of genes related to stress response, cell differentiation and development, including genes coding Lin12‐Notch‐repeat (LNR) domain proteins. The Oithona biogeography based on 28S sequences and metagenomic reads from the Tara Oceans expedition showed the presence of O. nana mostly in the Mediterranean Sea (MS) and confirmed the amphitropical distribution of Oithona similis. The population genomics analyses of O. nana in the Northern MS, integrating the Tara Oceans metagenomic data and the O. nana genome, led to the identification of genetic structure between populations from the MS basins. Furthermore, 20 loci were found to be under positive selection including four missense and eight synonymous variants, harbouring soft or hard selective sweep patterns. One of the missense variants was localized in the LNR domain of the coding region of a male‐specific gene. The variation in the B‐allele frequency with respect to the MS circulation pattern showed the presence of genomic clines between O. nana and another undefined Oithona species possibly imported through Atlantic waters. This study provides new approaches and results in zooplankton population genomics through the integration of metagenomic and oceanographic data.
Sperm competition suppresses gene drive among experimentally evolving populations of house mice
Authors: Manser Andri , Lindholm Anna K. , Simmons Leigh W. , Firman Renée C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDrive genes are genetic elements that manipulate the 50% ratio of Mendelian inheritance in their own favour, allowing them to rapidly propagate through populations. The action of drive genes is often hidden, making detection and identification inherently difficult. Yet drive genes can have profound evolutionary consequences for the populations that harbour them: most known drivers are detrimental to organismal gamete development, reproduction and survival. In this study, we identified the presence of a well‐known drive gene called t haplotype post hoc in eight replicate selection lines of house mice that had been evolving under enforced monandry or polyandry for 20 generations. Previous work on these selection lines reported an increase in sperm competitive ability in males evolving under polyandry. Here, we show that this evolutionary response can be partly attributed to gene drive. We demonstrate that drive‐carrying males are substantially compromised in their sperm competitive ability. As a consequence, we found that t frequencies declined significantly in the polyandrous lines while remaining at stable, high levels in the monandrous lines. For the first time in a vertebrate, we thus provide direct experimental evidence that the mating system of a species can have important repercussions on the spread of drive genes over evolutionary relevant timescales. Moreover, our work highlights how the covert action of drive genes can have major, potentially unintended impact on our study systems.
Geochemistry, Zircon U–Pb Analysis, and Biotite 40Ar/39Ar Geochronology of the Maoling Gold Deposit, Liaodong Rift, NE China
Authors: Zhang Peng , Zhao Yan , Chai Peng , Yang Hong‐Zhi , Na Fu‐Chao 
Published: June 2017

The Maoling gold deposit is located in the southwestern part of the Liaodong rift, NE China, and has estimated reserves of 25 t. In this paper we present the results of an investigation into the geochronology and geodynamic mechanisms of igneous activity and metallogenesis within the Maoling gold deposit. New zircon U–Pb age data, biotite 40Ar/39Ar age data, whole‐rock geochemistry, and Hf isotopic analyses are presented in order to constrain the petrogenesis and mineralization of the deposit. Zircon U–Pb dating of the Wolongquan biotite monzogranite and Maoling biotite granite yielded mean ages of 194.0 ± 1.1 Ma and 196.1 ± 1.1 Ma, respectively. All the granites are characteristically high‐K calc‐alkaline, enriched in light rare earth elements and large ion lithophile elements, and depleted in high field strength elements, which is consistent with the geochemical characteristics of arc‐type magmas. The Hf isotope characteristics indicate that the granites formed by partial melting of early Paleoproterozoic crustal material. In addition, biotite 40Ar/39Ar dating indicates that the Maoling gold deposit formed at 188.9 ± 1.2 Ma, implying that the mineralization was related to both the granite intrusions. Taking into account previous data on S–Pb–O–H isotopes and our new age data, the Maoling deposit can be classified as an intrusion‐related gold deposit. Taking into account the geology of the study area and adjacent regions, we propose that the Maoling gold deposit and its associated granitic intrusions formed in a geodynamic setting that was dominated by subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasian continent.
Representation and Computation in Cognitive Models
Authors: Forbus Kenneth D. , Liang Chen , Rabkina Irina 
Published: June 2017

AbstractOne of the central issues in cognitive science is the nature of human representations. We argue that symbolic representations are essential for capturing human cognitive capabilities. We start by examining some common misconceptions found in discussions of representations and models. Next we examine evidence that symbolic representations are essential for capturing human cognitive capabilities, drawing on the analogy literature. Then we examine fundamental limitations of feature vectors and other distributed representations that, despite their recent successes on various practical problems, suggest that they are insufficient to capture many aspects of human cognition. After that, we describe the implications for cognitive architecture of our view that analogy is central, and we speculate on roles for hybrid approaches. We close with an analogy that might help bridge the gap.
Tetratricopeptide repeat protein Pyg7 is essential for photosystem I assembly by interacting with PsaC in Arabidopsis
Authors: Yang Huixia , Li Pin , Zhang Aihong , Wen Xiaogang , Zhang Lixin , Lu Congming 
Published: June 2017

SummaryAlthough progress has been made in determining the structure and understanding the function of photosystem I (PSI), the PSI assembly process remains poorly understood. PsaC is an essential subunit of PSI and participates in the transfer of electrons to ferredoxin. However, how PsaC is assembled during accumulation of the PSI complex is unknown. In the present study, we showed that Pyg7 localized to the stromal thylakoid and associated with the PSI complex. We also showed that Pyg7 interacted with PsaC. Furthermore, we found that the PSI assembly process was blocked following formation of the PsaAB heterodimer in the pyg7 mutant. In addition, the analyses of PSI stability in Pyg7RNAi plants showed that Pyg7 is involved in maintaining the assembled PSI complex under excess‐light conditions. Moreover, we demonstrated that decreased Pyg7 content resulted in decreased efficiency of PSI assembly in Pyg7RNAi plants. These findings suggest that the role of Pyg7 in PSI biogenesis has evolved as an essential assembly factor by interacting with PsaC in Arabidopsis, in addition to being a stability factor for PSI as seen in Synechocystis.
Psl Produced by Mucoid
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Contributes to the Establishment of Biofilms and Immune Evasion
Authors: Jones Christopher J. , Wozniak Daniel J. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Despite years of research and clinical advances, chronic pulmonary infections with mucoid
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
remain the primary concern for cystic fibrosis patients. Much of the research on these strains has focused on the contributions of the polysaccharide alginate; however, it is becoming evident that the neutral polysaccharide Psl also contributes to biofilm formation and the maintenance of chronic infections. Here, we demonstrate that Psl produced by mucoid strains has significant roles in biofilm structure and evasion of immune effectors. Though mucoid strains produce less Psl than nonmucoid strains, the Psl that is produced is functional, since it mediates adhesion to human airway cells and epithelial cell death. Additionally, Psl protects mucoid bacteria from opsonization and killing by complement components in human serum. Psl production by mucoid strains stimulates a proinflammatory response in the murine lung, leading to reduced colonization. To determine the relevance of these data to clinical infections, we tested Psl production and biofilm formation of a panel of mucoid clinical isolates. We demonstrated three classes of mucoid isolates, those that produce Psl and form robust biofilms, those that did not produce Psl and have a poor biofilm phenotype, and exopolysaccharide (EPS) redundant strains. Collectively, these experimental results demonstrate that Psl contributes to the biofilm formation and immune evasion of many mucoid strains. This is a novel role for Psl in the establishment and maintenance of chronic pulmonary infections by mucoid strains.

IMPORTANCE
Cystic fibrosis patients are engaged in an ongoing battle against chronic lung infections by the bacterium
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. One key factor contributing to the maintenance of chronic infections is the conversion to a mucoid phenotype, where the bacteria produce copious amounts of the polysaccharide alginate. Once the bacteria become mucoid, existing treatments are poorly effective. We proposed that mucoid bacteria produce an additional polysaccharide, Psl, which is important for their establishment and maintenance of chronic infections. This work demonstrates that Psl enhances attachment of mucoid bacteria to lung surfaces and leads to inflammation and damage in the lung. Additionally, we find that 50% of mucoid bacteria isolated from patients with chronic infections rely on Psl for the structure of their biofilm communities, suggesting that treatments against Psl should be investigated to enhance the success of current therapies.
Trend of declining stroke mortality in China: reasons and analysis
Authors: Wang Wenzhi , Wang David , Liu Hongmei , Sun Haixin , Jiang Bin , Ru Xiaojuan , Sun Dongling , Chen Zhenghong , Wang Yongjun 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThere is a downward trend of stroke-related mortality in the USA. By reviewing all published articles on stroke mortality in China, we analysed its trend and possible factors that have influenced the trend.MethodsBoth English and Chinese literatures were searched on the mortality of stroke or cerebrovascular diseases in China. Potential papers related to this topic were identified from PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Wanfang Database, SINOMED and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases.ResultsComparing the results from the most recent population-based epidemiological survey and databank from the national Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the age-adjusted stroke mortality rate has shown a downward trend among both urban and rural population in the past 30 years in China. Comparing with 30 years ago, the rate of stroke mortality has decreased by more than 31% in urban/suburban population and 11% in rural population. In men, the age-adjusted stroke mortality rate decreased by 18.9% and in women by 24.9% between 1994 and 2013. Factors that may have contributed to the trend of decreased stroke mortality rate include (1) improved healthcare coverage and healthcare environment; (2) improved treatment options and medical technology; (3) support by government to educate the public on stroke and stroke prevention; and (4) improved public knowledge on stroke.ConclusionsThe age-adjusted stroke mortality rate in China has shown a downward trend among both urban and rural population in the past 30 years. The major influencing factors that helped in reducing stroke mortality in China included improved healthcare coverage, healthcare environment, the updated treatment options and modern medical technology.
Long-interval intracortical inhibition is asymmetric in young but not older adults
Authors: Vallence A.-M. , Smalley E. , Drummond P. D. , Hammond G. R. 
Published: June 2017

Aging is typically accompanied by a decline in manual dexterity and handedness; the dominant hand executes tasks of manual dexterity more quickly and accurately than the nondominant hand in younger adults, but this advantage typically declines with age. Age-related changes in intracortical inhibitory processes might play a role in the age-related decline in manual dexterity. Long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI) is asymmetric in young adults, with more sensitive and more powerful LICI circuits in the dominant hemisphere than in the nondominant hemisphere. Here we investigated whether the hemispheric asymmetry in LICI in younger adults persists in healthy older adults. Paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to measure LICI in the dominant and nondominant hemispheres of younger and older adults; LICI stimulus-response curves were obtained by varying conditioning stimulus intensity at two different interstimulus intervals [100 ms (LICI100) and 150 ms]. We have replicated the finding that LICI100 circuits are more sensitive and more powerful in the dominant than the nondominant hemisphere of young adults and extend this finding to show that the hemispheric asymmetry in LICI100 is lost with age. In the context of behavioral observations showing that dominant hand movements in younger adults are more fluent than nondominant hand movements in younger adults and dominant hand movements in older adults, we speculate a role of LICI100 in the age-related decline in manual dexterity. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In younger adults, more sensitive and more powerful long-interval intracortical inhibitory circuits are evident in the hemisphere controlling the more dexterous hand; this is not the case in older adults, for whom long-interval intracortical inhibitory circuits are symmetric and more variable than in younger adults. We speculate that the highly sensitive and powerful long-interval intracortical inhibition circuits in the dominant hemisphere play a role in manual dexterity.
IGH/MYC Translocation Associates with BRCA2 Deficiency and Synthetic Lethality to PARP1 Inhibitors
Authors: Maifrede Silvia , Martin Kayla , Podszywalow-Bartnicka Paulina , Sullivan-Reed Katherine , Langer Samantha K. , Nejati Reza , Dasgupta Yashodhara , Hulse Michael , Gritsyuk Daniel , Nieborowska-Skorska Margaret , Lupey-Green Lena N. , Zhao Huaqing , Piwocka Katarzyna , Wasik Mariusz A. , Tempera Italo , Skorski Tomasz 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia cells carry t(8;14)(q24;q32) chromosomal translocation encoding IGH/MYC, which results in the constitutive expression of the MYC oncogene. Here, it is demonstrated that untreated and cytarabine (AraC)-treated IGH/MYC–positive Burkitt lymphoma cells accumulate a high number of potentially lethal DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) and display low levels of the BRCA2 tumor suppressor protein, which is a key element of homologous recombination (HR)-mediated DSB repair. BRCA2 deficiency in IGH/MYC–positive cells was associated with diminished HR activity and hypersensitivity to PARP1 inhibitors (olaparib, talazoparib) used alone or in combination with cytarabine in vitro. Moreover, talazoparib exerted a therapeutic effect in NGS mice bearing primary Burkitt lymphoma xenografts. In conclusion, IGH/MYC–positive Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia cells have decreased BRCA2 and are sensitive to PARP1 inhibition alone or in combination with other chemotherapies.
Implications: This study postulates that IGH/MYC–induced BRCA2 deficiency may predispose Burkitt lymphoma cells to synthetic lethality triggered by PARP1 inhibitors.
Visual Overview: http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/molcanres/15/8/967/F1.large.jpg.
Mol Cancer Res; 15(8); 967–72. ©2017 AACR.
ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ В УКРАЇНІ ОНОВЛЕНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ІНДИКАТОРІВ РАННЬОГО ЗАПОБІГАННЯ МЕДИКАМЕНТОЗНІЙ РЕЗИСТЕНТНОСТІ ВІЛ
Authors: Liulchuk M. H. 
Published: June 2017

Вступ. Проведено одномоментні (поперечні) дослідження ретроспективно зібраних даних з 22 центрів СНІДу, які надають антиретровірусну терапію (АРТ) ВІЛ-інфікованим дорослим та дітям. Оцінювалися показники роботи закладів щодо ефективності формування у пацієнта прихильності до лікування (своєчасність отримання пацієнтом антиретровірусних препаратів (АРВП), а також щодо якості виконання програмних факторів (утримання пацієнтів під диспансерним наглядом, безперервність поставок АРВП, практика призначення моно- або бітерапії, максимальна вірусна супресія ВІЛ). Методи. Дані проаналізовані за допомогою електронного інструменту, розробленого Всесвітньою організацією охорони здоров’я (ВООЗ) – індикаторів раннього запобігання (РЗІ) медикаментозній резистентності (МР) ВІЛ. Результати. Встановлено, що в 2014-2015 рр. ВІЛ-інфіковані дорослі пацієнти своєчасно отримували АРВП тільки в 22,7 % центрів СНІДу, діти – у 36,4 % центрів. Утримати під наглядом більше 85 % пацієнтів вдалося 36,4 % центрів. У 9,1 % закладів зафіксовано дефіцит АРВП для дорослих пацієнтів, у 4,5 % – для дітей. Досягнуто максимальної вірусної супресії ВІЛ у дітей в 31,8 % закладів; по дорослим пацієнтам жодний центр СНІДу не зміг досягти цільового показника. Висновки. Впровадження щорічного збору та аналізу РЗІ в України допоможе своєчасно виявляти та вирішувати проблемні питання в системі надання послуг з АРТ, асоційовані з ризиком формування МР ВІЛ, як на рівні окремих закладів, так і на національному рівні.
Vulnerable consumers and satisfaction with public services: does country matter?
Authors: Clifton Judith , Díaz-Fuentes Daniel , Fernández-Gutiérrez Marcos 
Published: June 2017

Within Public Administration, increased attention is being paid to ‘vulnerable citizens’ – groups of citizens who, for reasons beyond their control, are disadvantaged in comparison to other citizens – when consuming public services. Initial research focused on how citizens’ socio-economic background shapes their behaviour and satisfaction. Citizens, however, take decisions within a context, but we know little about how their experiences differ depending on their country of residence. We comparatively analyse the experience of vulnerable citizens in telecommunications and electricity markets in three large European Union countries, selected to represent ‘advanced’, ‘intermediate’ and ‘laggard’ stages of reform. We first establish that citizens’ socio-economic characteristics matter for patterns of expenditure and perceptions of service affordability and then show how citizen vulnerability differs depending on country context. Results are useful to practitioners seeking to target regulation to improve the experiences of vulnerable citizens. Points for practitioners Practitioners recognize that public service reform has brought with it greater market complexity and choice, and that this poses challenges to citizens, particularly vulnerable citizens. Initial empirical work demonstrated that citizens’ socio-economic background affects their satisfaction; however, we know little about how this vulnerability is shaped by country context. We analyse electricity and telecommunications markets in three large European Union countries, establishing that consumers’ socio-economic background matters for citizens’ expenditure and perceptions of service affordability, and then demonstrating that country context also influences these experiences. Less-educated, elderly and non-employed citizens experience more frequent problems with these services than other citizens, and the country context conditions these experiences significantly.
Merit-based recruitment boosts good governance: how do European Union agencies recruit their personnel?
Authors: Egeberg Morten , Gornitzka Åse , Trondal Jarle 
Published: June 2017

Studies show that public administrations that practise merit-based recruitment of their personnel are significantly less marked by corruption than administrations that do not recruit in this manner. While we know a lot about how EU member states score with regard to the degree of merit-based recruitment within their administrations, and also how the European Commission administration performs in this respect, recruitment practices within the increasing number of European Union regulatory (decentralized) agencies seem to remain a white spot in the literature so far. In this article, we make a first step in mapping recruitment practices within the secretariats of such agencies. We also investigate if it matters whether a European Union agency is located in a country marked by a non-meritocratic administrative culture or not. The article shows that European Union agencies seem to overwhelmingly apply meritocratic instruments when hiring people, regardless of their location. Points for practitioners This article argues and shows that recruitment based on merit enhances good and non-corrupt governance. The case in point is European Union agencies. The data presented illuminate that these agencies generally apply meritocratic instruments when hiring administrative staff. The study also shows that recruitment practices are not affected by the geographical location of European Union agencies. These agencies tend to practise the common merit-based European Union standards regardless of their location since agencies are components of the European Union administration.