bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative assessment of process combination for Ti6Al4V components
Authors: Conradie Pieter Johannes Theron , Dimitrov Dimitri , Oosthuizen Gert Adriaan , Hugo Philip , Saxer Mike 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the combination of selective laser melting (SLM) and 5-axis CNC milling to produce parts from titanium powder. The aim is to achieve a more resource-efficient manufacturing process by reducing material wastage and machining time, while adhering to quality requirements.

Design/methodology/approach
A benchmark titanium aerospace component is manufactured with two different approaches using subtractive and additive manufacturing technologies. The first component is produced from a solid billet using only 5-axis CNC milling. The second component is grown from powder using SLM to produce a net-shaped part of which the final shape and part accuracy are achieved through 5-axis CNC milling. The potential saving of material and machining time of the process combination is evaluated by comparing it to the conventional purely CNC approach. The form accuracy, surface finish, mechanical properties and tool wear for the two processes are also compared.

Findings
The results show that the process combination can be used to produce Ti components that adhere to aerospace standards. With the process combination, a material saving of 87 per cent was achieved along with a reduction of 21 per cent in machining time. Further improvements are possible using optimized SLM build and machining strategies.

Originality/value
This paper presents the results of a resource efficiency assessment on the combination of SLM and 5-axis CNC milling for the titanium alloy, Ti6Al4V. It is expected that this process combination can make a significant contribution towards reducing material wastage and machining time for aerospace applications.
Effect of melt parameters on density and surface roughness in electron beam melting of gamma titanium aluminide alloy
Authors: Mohammad Ashfaq , Al-Ahmari Abdurahman Mushabab , AlFaify Abdullah , Mohammed Muneer Khan 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
Electron beam melting (EBM) is one of the potential additive manufacturing technologies to fabricate aero-engine components from gamma titanium aluminide (γ-TiAl) alloys. When a new material system has to be taken in to the fold of EBM, which is a highly complex process, it is essential to understand the effect of process parameters on the final quality of parts. This paper aims to understand the effect of melting parameters on top surface quality and density of EBM manufactured parts. This investigation would accelerate EBM process development for newer alloys.

Design/methodology/approach
Central composite design approach was used to design the experiments. In total, 50 specimens were built in EBM with different melt theme settings. The parameters varied were surface temperature, beam current, beam focus offset, line offset and beam speed. Density and surface roughness were selected as responses in the qualifying step of the parts. After identifying the parameters which were statistically significant, possible reasons were analyzed from the perspective of the EBM process.

Findings
The internal porosity and surface roughness were correlated to the process settings. Important ones among the parameters are beam focus offset, line offset and beam speed. By jointly deciding the total amount of energy input for each layer, these three parameters played a critical role in internal flaw generation and surface evolution.

Research limitations/implications
The range selected for each parameter is applicable, in particular, to γ-TiAl alloy. For any other alloy, the settings range has to be suitably adapted depending on physical properties such as melting point, thermal conductivity and thermal expansion co-efficient.

Practical implications
This paper demonstrates how melt theme parameters have to be understood in the EBM process. By adopting a similar strategy, an optimum window of settings that give best consolidation of powder and better surface characteristics can be identified whenever a new material is being investigated for EBM. This work gives researchers insights into EBM process and speeds up EBM adoption by aerospace industry to produce critical engine parts from γ-TiAl alloy.

Originality/value
This work is one of the first attempts to systematically carry out a number of experiments and to evaluate the effect of melt parameters for producing γ-TiAl parts by the EBM process. Its conclusions would be of value to additive manufacturing researchers working on γ-TiAl by EBM process.
St Croix oil refinery: choosing the right future
Authors: Geyfman Victoria , Grandzol Christian 
Published: March 2017

Synopsis
Atlantic Basin Refining, Inc. (ABR), a Virgin Islands company located on the island of St Croix, reached a tentative agreement with Hess and Petroleos de Venezuela SA to purchase the two companies’ joint venture, Hovensa, LLC in November 2014. Hovensa operated the large St Croix oil refinery that had been closed since 2012, but the deal required approval by the Virgin Islands Senate. Although reopening the large refinery would generate a significant boost to the local economy, past operating losses, and financial and legal issues associated with Hovensa, raised concerns about the feasibility of ABR’s proposal. The case is set in late 2014 as the government is working to ensure that the decision to allow ABR to purchase the refinery reflects the long-term interests of the Virgin Islands.

Research methodology
The case was researched using secondary data and all materials are available to the public. This was necessary due to the ongoing legal battle concerning the refinery’s sale. No disguises of people or entities were used. Frequently cited sources include government and court records, newspaper articles, and internet sources.

Relevant courses and levels
The case is most appropriate for undergraduate courses in management or finance where capital budgeting decisions are analyzed.

Theoretical bases
The case draws on literature related to capital budgeting and management.
Turnaround of the Professional, Applied and Continuing Education Department at the University of Winnipeg
Authors: Albert Sylvie 
Published: March 2017

Synopsis
The case begins in mid-2014 and provides an opportunity for students at the undergraduate and graduate level to complete several strategic assessments of an entrepreneurial department within a post-secondary institution. The continuing education department of a university in Canada has been transferred to the dean of an academic faculty. The department has had a history of budget deficits and the new dean and executive director (ED) were tasked to develop and implement a turnaround strategy.

Research methodology
The case is written by the dean who had firsthand experience with the turnaround strategy. The written case was reviewed for accuracy by two principal actors: the ED responsible for implementing the plan, and the vice-president academic who is the dean’s supervisor and was kept apprised of all developments throughout the turnaround. Some of the data were produced by staff within the operation of Professional, Applied, and Continuing Education and acknowledged in the case.

Relevant courses and levels
This case is suitable for courses in business strategy, operations management, and includes various implications for human resource management, organizational behavior, and entrepreneurship suitable for undergraduate and graduate courses. It has a focus on turnaround strategies and strategy implementation.

Theoretical bases
Theoretical underpinnings for this case include strategic visioning and communication: portfolio management and innovation; internal environment analysis and positioning; structuring and resource management; and monitoring and control systems.
Decreased Runoff Response to Precipitation, Little Missouri River Basin, Northern Great Plains,USA
Authors: Griffin Eleanor R. , Friedman Jonathan M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHigh variability in precipitation and streamflow in the semiarid northern Great Plains causes large uncertainty in water availability. This uncertainty is compounded by potential effects of future climate change. We examined historical variability in annual and growing season precipitation, temperature, and streamflow within the Little Missouri River Basin and identified differences in the runoff response to precipitation for the period 1976‐2012 compared to 1939‐1975 (n = 37 years in both cases). Computed mean values for the second half of the record showed little change (<5%) in annual or growing season precipitation, but average annual runoff at the basin outlet decreased by 22%, with 66% of the reduction in flow occurring during the growing season. Our results show a statistically significant (p < 0.10) 27% decrease in the annual runoff response to precipitation (runoff ratio). Surface‐water withdrawals for various uses appear to account for <12% of the reduction in average annual flow volume, and we found no published or reported evidence of substantial flow reduction caused by groundwater pumping in this basin. Results of our analysis suggest that increases in monthly average maximum and minimum temperatures, including >1°C increases in January through March, are the dominant driver of the observed decrease in runoff response to precipitation in the Little Missouri River Basin.
Is the European Union Trade Deal with Canada New or Recycled? A Text‐as‐data Approach
Authors: Allee Todd , Elsig Manfred , Lugg Andrew 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAre the rules in the Canada‐European Union Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) largely copied from past trade agreements, or are they new and potentially groundbreaking? Some critics charge that CETA merely replicates the failures of past trade deals, while others worry that CETA is specifying new ‘behind the border’ rules that threaten state sovereignty. Using text analysis we compare the contents in CETA to those in previous trade agreements signed by both parties. Unlike many other recent trade deals, we find that much of the content in CETA is indeed novel. On average only about 7 per cent of CETA language is copied directly from any of the 49 previous trade agreements we analyze. This same pattern holds across many of the most controversial issue areas, like investment. Some recent agreements like EU‐Singapore (30%) and Canada‐South Korea (24%) are replicated in part in CETA, although recycled text is more likely to come from past Canadian PTAs than EU ones. Our results suggest that fears that CETA is ‘more of the same’ are overblown and indicate that if ratified CETA likely will play an important role as a model in future trade agreements.
Endometriosis in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: Specific symptomatic and demographic profile, and response to the low FODMAP diet
Authors: Moore Judith S. , Gibson Peter R. , Perry Richard E. , Burgell Rebecca E. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundWomen with endometriosis are frequently misdiagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) for some time before a correct diagnosis is made. Visceral hypersensitivity is a key feature in both conditions.AimsTo determine if there are distinct symptom patterns in women with IBS and endometriosis, and to determine the response of these women to a low FODMAP diet in comparison to those with IBS alone.Materials and methodsA retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from women attending a specialist IBS service in Christchurch New Zealand. Data from those who met Rome III criteria for IBS were sorted into two groups: concurrent endometriosis and those with IBS alone. Demographics and symptom patterns were identified from a prospective questionnaire. A low FODMAP (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols) diet was taught to all women as the primary therapeutic intervention. Responses to the diet were noted against their ultimate disposition.ResultsOf the 160 women who met Rome III criteria for IBS, 36% had concurrent endometriosis. The presence of dyspareunia (P > 0.0001), referred pain (P = 0.005), bowel symptoms exacerbated by menstruation (P = 0.0004) and a family history of endometriosis (P = 0.0003) were associated with concurrent endometriosis. Seventy two percent of these women reported a >50% improvement in bowel symptoms after four weeks of a low FODMAP diet compared with 49% in those with no known endometriosis (P = 0.001, odds ratio 3.11, 95% CI, 1.5–6.2).ConclusionsWomen with concurrent endometriosis and IBS report a unique symptom phenotype. The low FODMAP diet appears effective in women with gut symptoms and endometriosis.
General practitioners and preconception weight management in New Zealand
Authors: Fieldwick Diana , Smith Alesha , Paterson Helen 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundChildhood obesity is a growing concern internationally and a top priority for the World Health Organization. Preconception overweight, obesity and excess gestational weight gain significantly increase childhood obesity risk. Optimising preconception weight is a key preventative measure toward reducing childhood obesity. In 2014, the New Zealand (NZ) Ministry of Health released guidance for health practitioners on healthy weight gain in pregnancy in an effort to reduce the burden of childhood obesity.AimTo explore the knowledge and practice of NZ general practitioners (GPs) regarding preconception and gestational weight management.Materials and methodsA nationwide survey was conducted on a randomly selected sample of NZ GPs using a mixed methods approach. Descriptive statistics were used for survey responses and a general inductive approach was applied to the free text data.ResultsA total of 200 GPs (42.5%) responded. The majority of GPs were aware of the risks of obesity in pregnancy. Over 50% of GPs reported practice that was not consistent with recommended standards of care. Ministry of Health guidance was known to only 12% of participants. Themes emerging from the free text data included: lack of opportunity for, and awareness of, preconception care; recognition of the importance of this area; and need for further learning.ConclusionsGeneral practitioners in NZ are not providing optimal preconception care. This research highlights the need for a public health message encouraging preconception counselling and better education of GPs on the topic. This should start with promotion of the Ministry of Health guidance.
Maternal age is a risk factor for caesarean section following induction of labour
Authors: Dunn Liam , Kumar Sailesh , Beckmann Michael 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundIn Australia, more than 20% of women giving birth are 35 years or older. Advanced maternal age (AMA) is a risk factor for stillbirth, and many clinicians now recommend induction of labour (IOL) at around term gestation. The aim of this study is to determine if AMA is associated with emergency caesarean section (CS) following IOL.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was undertaken using routinely collected de‐identified data. Live‐born, singleton, cephalic, non‐anomalous pregnancies undergoing IOL between 37 + 0 and 42 + 0 weeks were included. Previous CS and privately insured admission status were excluded. Mode of delivery was compared for women ≥38 years (AMA) and women <38 years. The primary outcome was birth by CS. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were undertaken.ResultsA total of 7459 women were included (≥38 years n = 718, 9.6%; <38 years n = 6741, 90.4%). AMA women had similar rates of unassisted vaginal births (OR 1.15, 95% CI 0.98–1.35, P = 0.080) and CS (OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.90–1.30, P = 0.407) but fewer instrumental deliveries (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.55–0.87, P = 0.002) compared to women <38 years. When controlled for confounders, AMA was independently associated with a two‐fold increase in birth by CS following IOL (adjusted OR 2.29; 95% CI 1.64–3.20; P < 0.001). There were no differences in neonatal outcomes.ConclusionFollowing IOL, AMA was associated with a two‐fold increased likelihood of birth by CS in both nulliparous and multiparous women. However, the majority of AMA women birthed vaginally. Clinicians may find this information useful when counselling older women who are undergoing term IOL.
Efficacy of dermal substitute on deep dermal to full thickness burn injury: a systematic review
Authors: Widjaja Winy , Tan Juen , Maitz Peter K. M. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundThe study aims to systematically examine the efficacy of dermal regeneration templates (DRTs) in comparison to split thickness skin grafting (STSG) in the management of acute burn injuries post‐excision and debridement.MethodsSystematic literature search was conducted by two independent reviewers from the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library with selection criteria set a priori. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Main outcomes extracted were percent of STSG take, infection rate and scar quality.ResultsSeven studies were included. Three of the seven studies reported no significant difference in STSG take between burn wounds treated with dermal substitute and or STSG only. Three of the seven studies reported either low rates of infection or no significant difference in infection rates between dermal substitute and control. Four of the seven studies reported no significant difference in scar quality. Statistical pooling of data was not performed due to heterogeneity of the studies.ConclusionCurrent RCTs available are generally of small sample size with poor methodological reporting. Given the results of more recent RCTs, the risk associated with DRTs is low and it can be a useful alternative for immediate wound coverage post‐burn excision. However, there is still no strong evidence to support that DRTs have significant impact on scaring.
Incidental parathyroidectomy during total thyroidectomy is not a direct cause of post‐operative hypocalcaemia
Authors: Chew Carolyn , Li Ran , Ng Michael K. , Chan Steven T. F. , Fleming Bill 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundPost‐operative hypocalcaemia is the most common complication after total thyroidectomy, with a reported incidence of transient hypocalcaemia up to 50% and permanent hypocalcaemia 1.5–4%. The impact of incidental parathyroidectomy (IPE) on post‐operative hypocalcaemia remains controversial. This study evaluated the risk factors for IPE following total thyroidectomy and compared post‐operative calcium levels serially between patients with and without IPE.MethodsA retrospective analysis of patients undergoing total thyroidectomy from January 2009 to October 2016 at Western Health was conducted. Histopathology reports were reviewed to identify specimens that included parathyroid tissue. Risk factors and dichotomous data were analysed by exact test of difference in binomial proportions. Group comparison of serial calcium levels (preoperative to 48 h post‐operative) between the no IPE and IPE patients were analysed by calculating the area under the curve producing a time series summary.ResultsFour hundred and sixty‐eight patients were included: 395 were females (81%), with a median age of 51 years. IPE was confirmed histologically in 84 patients (17.7%) and was more likely to occur in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy with central neck dissection (P = 0.0003), and in patients with malignant disease (P = 0.0005). The difference in area under the curve for serial post‐operative calcium levels between the no IPE and the IPE groups was 0.61 (P = 0.21, 95% confidence interval: −0.37 to 1.58).ConclusionTotal thyroidectomy for malignancy and with central node dissection had a higher risk of IPE but did not result in significant changes in post‐operative serum calcium levels.
Trade Effects of US Antidumping Actions against China*
Authors: Lee Minsoo , Park Donghyun , Saravia Antonio 
Published: March 2017

Using data on US imports, classified at the 10‐digit Harmonized System commodity level, we study the effects of all antidumping investigations initiated by the USA against China between 1998 and 2006. We find that antidumping actions cause a reduction in the volume and value of imports from China as well as an increase in the price of those goods in the US market. Critically, however, we find that these effects are short‐lived and dissipate approximately 2 years after the antidumping decision. Furthermore, antidumping actions against China prompt a substitution effect as they increase US imports from other countries. In general, our results cast doubt on the effectiveness of antidumping actions against China as mechanisms for protecting US producers.
Live cell imaging of bacterial cells: Pyrenoylpyrrole‐based fluorescence labeling
Authors: Arun Divakar Mathiyazhagan , Shanmugam Sivakumar 
Published: March 2017

A novel substituted pyrenoylpyrroles was synthesized by the reaction of pyrenoyl chalcone, TosMIC and methyl iodide under mild condition. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their bioactivity, and the MIC was determined, among which few compounds showed moderate antibacterial activity toward Gram‐positive as well as Gram‐negative bacteria. Further, cytotoxicity assay ascertained that these compounds were non‐toxic to mammalian cells as well. The pyrene chromophore in the synthesized compounds (3a–e) and (5a–e) is responsible for the good photophysical properties which have an absorbance at λ 340 nm and emission at λ 410 nm. Hence, two of the selected novel synthesized compounds with non‐cytotoxic nature prospected for bio‐imaging of bacterial cells using high‐content screening analysis show that the molecule is suitable for microbial imaging in pathological diagnostic studies.
The Link Between Playing Video Games and Positive Youth Outcomes
Authors: Adachi Paul J. C. , Willoughby Teena 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPlaying video games continues to be popular among youth. Although many studies have examined the impact of video games on negative outcomes, such as aggression and addiction, fewer studies have investigated potential positive outcomes. However, recent studies are addressing this imbalance. In this article, we review some of this research, specifically studies indicating a link between playing video games and enhanced well‐being, problem‐solving skills, intergroup relations, and physical activity. In addition, we discuss how self‐determination theory may provide an underlying theoretical framework linking these domains of positive effects. We also address implications for ongoing research that furthers our knowledge of how video games affect youth development, including longitudinal studies that examine video game play and adjustment from childhood to young adulthood.