bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Prospective Structural Analysis to Assess the Relevance of Rural Territorial Development in Spain and Nicaragua
Authors: Delgado-Serrano María del Mar , Ambrosio-Albalá Mateo , Amador Francisco 
Published: December 2015

<p>Rural Territorial Development policy approach was launched in Europe to foster rural development under the LEADER initiative. It sparked off great interest in Latin America. We analyse the role played by RTD principles in the dynamics and evolution of four rural areas in Spain and Nicaragua. In doing so, we provide<br />empirical understanding on the validity of the principles to boost rural change and contribute to evidencebased policy-making.<br />Methodologically, we explore the use of participatory prospective tools that apprehend rural areas’ evolving and complex nature. The potential of Prospective Structural Analysis to describe rural dynamics, and to support social changes and decision-making is tested.</p><p> </p>
REDEFINIENDO TERRITORIOS HIDROSOCIALES: CONTROL HÍDRICO EN EL VALLE DE ICA, PERÚ (1993-2013)
Authors: Damonte Valencia Gerardo Héctor 
Published: December 2015

<p>En las últimas décadas, el crecimiento del sector agroexportador en el Perú ha traído consigo transformaciones significativas en los territorios hídricos, principalmente en los valles de la costa peruana. A partir de un estudio de caso, esta investigación explica cómo estas transformaciones han conllevado a la redefinición de territorios hidrosociales desde la consolidación de un proyecto político y económico agroexportador en la región de Ica. La investigación responde a este objetivo siguiendo una metodología cualitativa: revisión bibliográfica, información etnográfica y validación de resultados.</p>
Neuromuscular Activation During Short-Track Speed Skating in Young Athletes
Authors: Felser Sabine , Behrens Martin , Fischer Susanne , Baeumler Mario , Salomon Ralf , Bruhn Sven 
Published: December 2015

Purpose:To investigate differences in muscle activation of both legs between the straight and the curve and changes in muscle activity during a 1000-m time trial (TT) and their relationship to the change in skating velocity in 9 young short-track speed skaters. The authors recorded skating times and EMG data from different leg muscles during maximum-effort skating trials on the straight and in the curve, as well as during a 1000-m TT.Results:Muscle activation differs between the straight and the curves and between legs; ie, average activities of selected muscles of the right leg were significantly higher during skating through the curves than in the straights. This could not be observed for the left leg. The reduction in speed during the 1000-m TT highly correlates with the decrease in the muscle activity of both the tibialis anterior and the rectus femoris of the right leg. Muscle recruitment is different in relation to lap section (straight vs curve) and leg (right vs left leg). The decreased muscle activity of the tibialis anterior and rectus femoris of the right leg showed the highest relationships with the reduction in skating speed during the 1000-m TT.
Sensitivity and Reliability of a Specific Test of Stroke Performance in Table Tennis
Authors: Mansec Yann Le , Dorel Sylvain , Nordez Antoine , Jubeau Marc 
Published: December 2015

Purpose:To develop a simple, reliable, and sensitive test to measure stroke performance (ball speed and accuracy) in table tennis.Methods:Fifty-two players were divided into 3 groups in accordance with their level: expert (EG), advanced (AG), and inexperienced (IG). The test consisted of 45 forehand shots where players were asked to reach 3 targets. The test was performed 2 times (separated by 8 min) during the first session (n = 52) to assess intrasession reliability. A second session (n = 28), at least 3 d later, was performed to test intersession reliability. Both speed and accuracy of the ball were measured to evaluate the absolute sensitivity and reliability of the specific test.Results:This study showed good reliability of the specific test for both ball speed and accuracy of EG and AG (ICC range .42–.96, CV range 2.0–9.0%). However, the reliability is low for IG. Ball speed and accuracy were greater in EG than in the other groups, and both variables were correlated with the level of the players.Conclusion:Results suggest that the specific test appears to be a simple and sensitive procedure to assess stroke performance in table tennis and that this test could be a relevant tool for coaches in table tennis.
Draft Genome Sequence of Vibrio owensii Strain SH-14, Which Causes Shrimp Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease
Authors: Liu Liyuan , Xiao Jinzhou , Xia Xiaoming , Pan Yingjie , Yan Shuling , Wang Yongjie 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT

We sequenced
Vibrio owensii
strain SH-14, which causes serious acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) in shrimp. Sequence analysis showed a large extrachromosomal plasmid, which encoded
pir
toxin genes and shared highly sequence similarity with the one observed in AHPND-causing
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
strains. The results suggest that this plasmid appears to play an important role in shrimp AHPND.
Complete Genome Sequence of Polypropylene Glycol- and Polyethylene Glycol-Degrading Sphingopyxis macrogoltabida Strain EY-1
Authors: Ohtsubo Yoshiyuki , Nagata Yuji , Numata Mitsuru , Tsuchikane Kieko , Hosoyama Akira , Yamazoe Atsushi , Tsuda Masataka , Fujita Nobuyuki , Kawai Fusako 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT

Strain EY-1 was isolated from a microbial consortium growing on a random polymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. Strain EY-1 grew on polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol and identified as
Sphingopyxis macrogoltabida
. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of
Sphingopyxis macrogoltabida
EY-1. The genome of strain EY-1 is comprised of a 4.76-Mb circular chromosome, and five plasmids. The whole finishing was conducted
in silico
, with aids of computational tools GenoFinisher and AceFileViewer. Strain EY-1 is available from Biological Resource Center, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (Tokyo, Japan) (NITE).
Genome Sequence of the Acetogenic Bacterium Oxobacter pfennigii DSM 3222
T
Authors: Bengelsdorf Frank R. , Poehlein Anja , Schiel-Bengelsdorf Bettina , Daniel Rolf , Dürre Peter 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Oxobacter pfennigii
DSM 3222
T
, an anaerobic, acetogenic, carbon monoxide-oxidizing, and butyrate-producing bacterium. The genome consists of a chromosome with a size of 4.49 Mbp.
Nuclear metamorphosis in mercury
Authors: Cardone F. , Albertini G. , Bassani D. , Cherubini G. , Guerriero E. , Mignani R. , Monti M. , Petrucci A. , Ridolfi F. , Rosada A. , Rosetto F. , Sala V. , Santoro E. , Spera G. 
Published: December 2015

The conditions of local Lorentz invariance (LLI) breakdown, obtained during neutron emission from a sonicated cylindrical bar of AISI 304 steel, were reproduced in a system made of a mole of mercury. After 3 min, a part of the liquid transformed into solid state material, in which isotopes were found with both higher and lower atomic mass with respect to the starting material. Changes in the atomic weight without production of gamma radiation and radionuclides are made possible by deformed space–time reactions.
Adaptive Burst-Writes (ABW)
Authors: Cheng Hsiang-Yun , Irwin Mary Jane , Xie Yuan 
Published: December 2015

Main memory latencies have become a major performance bottleneck for chip-multiprocessors (CMPs). Since reads are on the critical path, existing memory controllers prioritize reads over writes. However, writes must be eventually processed when the write queue is full. These writes are serviced in a burst to reduce the bus turnaround delay and increase the row-buffer locality. Unfortunately, a large number of reads may suffer long queuing delay when the burst-writes are serviced. The long write latency of future nonvolatile memory will further exacerbate the long queuing delay of reads during burst-writes.
In this article, we propose a run-time mechanism, Adaptive Burst-Writes (ABW), to reduce the queuing delay of reads. Based on the row-buffer hit rate of writes and the arrival rate of reads, we dynamically control the number of writes serviced in a burst to trade off the write service time and the queuing latency of reads. For prompt adjustment, our history-based mechanism further terminates the burst-writes earlier when the row-buffer hit rate of writes in the previous burst-writes is low. As a result, our policy improves system throughput by up to 28% (average 10%) and 43% (average 14%) in CMPs with DRAM-based and PCM-based main memory.
Do Automatically Generated Test Cases Make Debugging Easier? An Experimental Assessment of Debugging Effectiveness and Efficiency
Authors: Ceccato Mariano , Marchetto Alessandro , Mariani Leonardo , Nguyen Cu D. , Tonella Paolo 
Published: December 2015

Several techniques and tools have been proposed for the automatic generation of test cases. Usually, these tools are evaluated in terms of fault-revealing or coverage capability, but their impact on the manual debugging activity is not considered. The question is whether automatically generated test cases are equally effective in supporting debugging as manually written tests.
We conducted a family of three experiments (five replications) with humans (in total, 55 subjects) to assess whether the features of automatically generated test cases, which make them less readable and understandable (e.g., unclear test scenarios, meaningless identifiers), have an impact on the effectiveness and efficiency of debugging. The first two experiments compare different test case generation tools (Randoop vs. EvoSuite). The third experiment investigates the role of code identifiers in test cases (obfuscated vs. original identifiers), since a major difference between manual and automatically generated test cases is that the latter contain meaningless (obfuscated) identifiers.
We show that automatically generated test cases are as useful for debugging as manual test cases. Furthermore, we find that, for less experienced developers, automatic tests are more useful on average due to their lower static and dynamic complexity.
RNF2 E3 or Not to E3: Dual Roles of RNF2 Overexpression in Melanoma
Authors: Black Joshua C. , Whetstine Johnathan R. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Summary: RNF2/RING1B is amplified and overexpressed in numerous tumors and contributes to tumorigenicity; however, the biologic importance is poorly understood. Surprisingly, the role of RNF2 in tumorigenesis and invasion can be separated into catalytically independent and catalytically dependent processes. Cancer Discov; 5(12); 1241–3. ©2015 AACR.
See related article by Rai et al., p. 1314.
The Effects of Language Dominance in the Perception and Production of the Galician Mid Vowel Contrasts
Authors: Amengual Mark , Chamorro Pilar 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAims: This study investigates the perception and production of the Galician mid vowel contrasts by 54 early Spanish-Galician bilinguals in the cities of Vigo and Santiago (Galicia, Spain). Empirical data is provided to examine the role of language dominance in the perception and production of Galician mid vowel contrasts in order to determine whether the Galician vowel system is becoming more Spanish-like as a result of extensive contact with Spanish in urban areas. Methods: Perception and production data for each mid vowel contrast were collected in (1) binary forced-choice identification tasks, (2) AX discrimination tasks and (3) a reading-aloud task. Results: Results from binary forced-choice identification and AX discrimination tasks indicate that Spanish-dominant bilinguals have great difficulty in discriminating between these mid vowels while Galician-dominant subjects display a robust categorical identification of the two mid vowel categories. Acoustic analyses of their productions show that Galician-dominant bilinguals implement a Galician-specific /e/-/ɛ/ contrast but Spanish-dominant ones produce a single, merged Spanish-like front mid vowel. However, both language dominance groups seem to maintain a more robust /o/-/ɔ/ contrast. This asymmetry between front and back mid vowels is found in the productions of both language dominance groups. Conclusion: These results show that language dominance is a strong predictor of the production and perception abilities of Spanish-Galician bilinguals, and that only Galician-dominant subjects in these urban areas possess two independent phonetic categories in the front and back mid vowel space.
Voice Register in Mon: Acoustics and Electroglottography
Authors: Abramson Arthur S. , Tiede Mark K. , Luangthongkum Theraphan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMon is spoken in villages in Thailand and Myanmar. The dialect of Ban Nakhonchum, Thailand, has 2 voice registers, modal and breathy; these phonation types, along with other phonetic properties, distinguish minimal pairs. Four native speakers of this dialect recorded repetitions of 14 randomized words (7 minimal pairs) for acoustic analysis. We used a subset of these pairs in a listening test to verify the perceptual robustness of the register distinction. Acoustic analysis found significant differences in noise component, spectral slope and fundamental frequency. In a subsequent session 4 speakers were also recorded using electroglottography, which showed systematic differences in the contact quotient. The salience of these properties in maintaining the register distinction is discussed in the context of possible tonogenesis for this language.
Problems with the use of liposome- and retrovirus-mediated gene transfer methods in the primary lymphoid cells of the Oka organs of the greasyback shrimp, Metapenaeus ensis (De Haan, 1844)
Authors: Han Qian , Dong Dandan , Zhang Xiaojuan , Liang Cuicui , Lu Qiongxuan , Guo Huarong 
Published: December 2015

In this study, both liposome- and retrovirus-mediated gene transfer methods were examined for their potential to transfer and express two retroviral vectors containing the mouse c-Myc or the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene into the primary lymphoid cell cultures (OKA) derived from “Oka” organs (= organs of the lymphoid system) of the greasyback shrimp Metapenaeus ensis (De Haan, 1844). It was found that the c-Myc gene could be delivered into OKA cells by the liposome-mediated method, but the introduced c-Myc gene could not be effectively transcribed into mRNA. In contrast, the pantropic retrovirus-mediated method failed to introduce the c-Myc gene into OKA cells, and GFP was not detected in the transformed cells, either. This work inferred two problems for the use of the two above-mentioned gene transfer methods in the non-dividing OKA cells: (1) the viral promoter of long terminal repeats (LTRs) had low activity in shrimp cells; (2) the pantropic retrovirus-mediated gene transfer system had a low tropism to shrimp lymphoid cells.
Design and Construction of the Anechoic Chamber at Queen Mary College
Authors: Ellison A. J. , Miller B. B. 
Published: December 2015

A number of anechoic chambers are at present being built, or are projected, in various parts of Great Britain. The present paper, after briefly discussing the basic principles of anechoic-chamber design, sketches the background to the recently completed chamber at Queen Mary College. A fairly detailed description of the design and construction of the chamber is then given, followed by details and results of its commissioning. Emphasis is laid on the mechanical construction.
Instruction in Internal Combustion Engines
Authors: Davies S. J. 
Published: December 2015

Internal combustion engines, forming part of a degree or similar course in thermodynamics, are treated in the order: ideal cycles, cycles using actual working substances in ideal engines, consideration in detail of spark-ignition and compression-ignition engines, petrol and oil engines being taken as the representative types. The progressive or historical development of the subject is emphasized and considerable reference is made to laboratory work. Lastly, comments are offered on post-graduate work. For the petrol engine, the combustion processes are studied at length, based on the work of Ricardo, Tizard, and Pye, which led to an understanding of detonation and to the octane number as a criterion of fuel quality. For the compression-ignition engine, the combustion processes are similarly studied, the basic work of Le Mesurier and Stansfield and of Boerlage and Broeze, leading to the cetane number, receiving particular attention. Several kinds of comparison are drawn between the characteristics of spark-ignition and compression-ignition engines. For both types of engine, the combustion processes are considered in relation to the performance of engines in the laboratory. The selection of material in view of the restricted time of the course is touched upon. In appendixes will be found recommended laboratory equipment and suggested works of reference of value to an instructor.
Wire Rope Transmission Losses
Authors: Hind E. C. 
Published: December 2015

Transmission losses are determined for 20 wire ropes commonly used in crane and hoist practice. The apparatus and procedure used in determining the losses are described and the results are presented in the form of graphs. From these graphs the law governing the losses is established. The results of work done in Germany and Italy are used to show that the law holds for a large variety of rope types. These results allow conclusions to be drawn from tests on 81 ropes leading to the more specific form of the law. The losses are characterized by transmission loss coefficient K which is found to depend on type of rope construction, lay and finish. Values of K are given in Appendix I for a large variety of rope types. The mean values of K are given for all bright steel ropes, for galvanized ropes, Lang lay ropes and for one-operation parallel laid ropes. Using the mean value of K for all ropes a simplified form of the law is obtained. This simplified form will yield results which will probably be within 20 per cent of the actual losses for any type of rope.
Research into the Design of Grabs by Tests on Models
Authors: Wilkinson H. N. 
Published: December 2015

Various lines of research into grab design have been tried since investigations started in 1953. It was finally decided to concentrate on the technique of using models. Laboratory apparatus was constructed consisting of one-twelfth scale clamshell and wide-span grabs which could be made to dig into suitably sized samples of iron ore, the ‘pick-up’ being measured and recorded. The main conclusions are that existing grabs are proportioned in about the best way possible, and that extra weight increases the efficiency only with very lumpy materials, where the efficiency is, in any case, low. Also, weight for weight, the wide-span grab is more efficient than the clamshell. Following analytical treatment of the grab mechanisms, results of further tests with model grabs suggest that for maximum pick-up the jaws should exert as high a torque as possible, especially towards the end of the grabbing cycle.
Oxides of Nitrogen in Diesel Engine Exhaust Gas: Their Formation and Control
Authors: McConnell G. 
Published: December 2015

Interest in the emission of oxides of nitrogen in diesel engine exhaust gas stems largely from the air pollution problem which arises when diesel engines are operated in confined spaces. The author describes tests which have been carried out at the B.P. Research Centre, when oxides of nitrogen concentrations were measured on three engine types over a range of operating conditions. Based on the results of these tests, a theory is presented for the formation of nitrogen oxides in the engine cylinder, and general principles are laid down for their control. The author concludes with recommendations concerning choice of engine type and operating conditions to ensure a minimum discharge of nitrogen oxides.
Influence of Intake Pressure and Temperature upon the Air Consumption of High-Speed Four-Stroke Compression-Ignition Engines, with Particular Reference to Supercharged Engines
Authors: Dicksee C. B. 
Published: December 2015

In a previous paper the author showed that in the case of a particular high-speed compression-ignition engine the weight of air received varied directly with the absolute pressure and the three-fourths power of the absolute temperature of the air at the engine intake. Information obtained later from a number of engines of differing size and design showed that the three-fourths power held good in every case. From this it is concluded that the three-fourths power has general application to the high-speed compression-ignition engine. On application of this factor to the supercharged engine it has been found to hold good here also. In this case, however, it is necessary to take into account the additional weight of air received by reason of the pressure in the clearance volume being raised to that at the engine intake. A factor for taking this into account is given for a range of compression ratios and intake conditions together with a method for calculating the air consumption under any given set of intake conditions. In the case of a supercharged engine provided with a wide valve overlap the quantity of air which passes directly to the exhaust during the overlap period may be determined by calculating the quantity of air that will be retained within the cylinder for the prevailing conditions and subtracting this from the measured air consumption.
Events Leading to Erosion in the Steam Turbine
Authors: Gardner G. C. 
Published: December 2015

A simple history is ascribed to the liquid water in. the low-pressure stages of the steam turbine which accounts, in a semi-quantitative manner, for many of the observed facts concerning erosion of moving blades. It is shown that supersaturation causes precipitation of fine water drops away from surfaces and that probably only a small number of these drops are collected by blading through impact and diffusional processes. Erosion is believed to be caused by comparatively large drops torn from the blades and by water which has been centrifuged to and is travelling along the casing. Calculations are given which illustrate the acceleration of water drops in steam, for it is supposed that the normal component of the impact velocity causes erosion damage. Thus drops travelling at the steam velocity are relatively harmless. Calculation also shows that the normal velocity component will decrease towards the tip of long blades, which may be valuable in mitigating erosion. Finally, calculation indicates that most of the water flowing over the surface of moving blades is discharged from the tips, a factor of considerable importance in explaining the simpler aspects of the erosion pattern.
South African adolescents’ beliefs about depression
Authors: Aggarwal Shilpa , Berk Michael , Taljard Lian , Wilson Zane 
Published: December 2015

Purpose: This study explores the depression literacy in adolescents in South Africa. Method: A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to 2,050 students from disadvantaged secondary schools in Johannesburg region. Result: A total of 90.9% reported depression as an illness, and 41.4% considered it a sign of weakness. Parents and siblings followed by friends and teachers were the preferred support options. The indicators of depression identified were socialisation pattern changes (24.6%), sad mood (23.6%), sleeping and eating pattern changes (18.3%), irritable behaviour (12.5%) and other health risk behaviours (9.7%). Conclusion: The majority considered depression an illness. An improvement in adolescent mental health literacy will increase access to help when needed.