bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Efficiency of Horizontal Drilling in Low-Permeability Reservoirs at the Fields of LLC LUKOIL-Western Siberia with Oil-Based Drilling Fluids
Authors: Malyutin D. V. , Buyanova M. G. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The rate of hard-extractive oil reserves in Western Siberia increases every year. Majority of new fields and developed objects, have low permeability reservoirs with deteriorated reservoir properties. LUKOIL-Western Siberia actively implements various technologies to improve the efficiency of hard-extractive reserves deposits development, increasing the rate of oil extraction in the company and oil cost reduction, including:horizontal well drilling with multi-zone fracturing;multilateral horizontal well drilling with 2-5 branches;new types of drilling fluids (including oil-based).
This study reveals the estimation of the oil-based drilling fluids efficiency for productive formation drilling in horizontal multilateral wells. The study also gives the comparative analysis of technical and economic parameters of drilling and indicators of operation (productivity) for multilateral wells drilled in oil-based and water-based solutions, as well as horizontal wells drilled with water-based solutions, with multi-zone fracturing.
Drilling fluids have least negative impact on oil and gas reservoirs characteristics; they have high temperature resistance, inertness against clays and salts, good lubricity. However, the cost of such drilling fluids is quite high, they are flammable and dangerous for environment. International and Russian experience of oil-based mud usage indicates the increase of technical and economic parameters of drilling, due to the differential sticking risk reduction, reduction of drilling loads due to the lower friction coefficient, which generally contributes to the penetration rate and commercial drilling speed. Furthermore, lack of negative effects of the hydrocarbon-based fluids on clay minerals within the collector, and least filtration leads to primary opening quality improvement.
Test results for the oil-based muds at productive formation opening on the fields of LLC "LUKOIL-Western Siberia" showed a 30% penetration rate increase in experimental wells, compared to neighboring, drilled with basic water-based muds. While drilling the horizontal section with hydrocarbon-based fluids there was no unproductive time associated with drilling fluids. Average experimental multilateral well produced oil flow rate higher by 30%, compared to the results obtained in horizontal wells with multi-zone hydraulic fracturing. Average oil production rate in multilateral wells drilled with oil-based fluids was higher by 20% than that of multilateral wells drilled on standard water-based solutions.
Justification of Microlayered Turonian Age Deposits Petrophysical Model for Reliable Reservoir Properties Assessment
Authors: Malshakov A. V. , Oshnyakov I. O. , Zhadaeva E. A. , Weinheber P. , Ezersky D. M. , Filimonov A. Y. , Novikov S. V. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Commercial production from the thinly-laminated Turonian deposits of North West Siberia has been proven in many wells. But despite the fact that we see these layers in many fields and they are in fact the primary development target, the reservoir properties are not well studied and thus their ultimate potential is unclear. To date, the obstacle has been the sand shale laminations that we encounter are on the order of a few millimeters to even fractions of a millimeter thick.
Standard log interpretation method have proven to be inadequate, including the application of the latest deconvolution techniques of using a high resolution measurement such as a microimager to inform the layering of standard resolution devices. Even core analysis is ambiguous due to the heterogeneous and anisotropic nature of the reservoirs.
In this paper we discuss a complete method of analyzing these thinly-laminated layers with a view to resolving a fuller petrophysical understanding.
Implementing An Impact Mitigation Hierarchy to Minimize Ecological Impacts; A Case Study of Seismic Survey in Murchison Falls National Park
Authors: Ochanda D.. , Jennet C.. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Total E&P Uganda undertook a 3D seismic survey in Exploration Area 1/1A lying within the Murchison Falls National Park. During the survey, an impact mitigation program was applied to; Avoid unnecessary damages; Minimize unavoidable damages; Restore damages; and Offset any residual damage to ecosystems.
Here, we describe highly innovative approaches used in Avoidance, Minimization, and Restoration of impacts presented as a model for future operations in similar sensitive ecosystems. A simplified Avoidance model was designed to implement avoidance while Minimization involved use of alternative technologies such as cable-less technology, and vegetation mapping. Restoration involved use of both manual and mechanical methods. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle was also used to scout predefined seismic lines and monitor restoration.
Ecological Compliance Officers supervised activities on ground to ensure enforcement of the Avoidance Mapping Procedure, identification of impacts and overseeing restoration of impacted areas. Consequently, there were generally few impacts resulting from avoidable damages. Impacted areas were identified, mapped and later restored. In total 64 tracks, 59 upholes and 30 patches were fully restored. Total of 40,328 avoidance features were mapped along approximately 3500kms of seismic lines. 678 features were later sampled and revisited after operations to assess compliance to Avoidance. Only one feature, a burrow was found impacted upon, having a tyre mark depression implying it may have been trampled by a vehicle.Observations indicate compliance by the Seismic crews, further suggesting the mitigation hierarchy is an effective impact mitigation measure.
The seismic survey was very intensive and the first of its kind in such a sensitive ecosystem employing highly innovative technologies such as use of cable-less data acquisition implemented for the first time in Africa. Application of the UAV was highly innovative, as well as the creative Simplified Avoidance Model which provides an extensive knowledge, technicalities and experience in avoiding impacts in such operations.
Effect of Different Nutrient Amendments on Eco-Restoration of a Crude Oil Polluted Soil
Authors: Ekwuabu C. B. , Chikere C. B. , Akaranta O.. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The reduction in the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) content of a polluted soil is not indicative of reduction in toxicity and soil recovery. However, it is expedient to design methods that will not only remediate the soil but restore it to support agricultural and biological activities. This study involved a bench-scale bioremediation experiment conducted to compare two treatment regimens, NPK and a combined NPK and cow dung (NPK + CD) to enhance petroleum hydrocarbon degradation and eco-restoration. The treatment was conducted in three microcosms representing each treatment and a control (unamended soil). Each pot contained 4kg of soil spiked with Escravos crude oil to a final concentration of 8695.77mg/kg and monitored for a 35 day period using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. At the end of the monitoring period, 32.56% removal of TPH occurred in control while NPK treatment enhanced TPH removal with 64.62% and NPK+CD had a further biostimulatory effect on TPH with 67.56% attenuation, respectively. Phytotoxicity assay was conducted to determine the extent of soil recovery after the experimental monitoring period. Corn seeds (Zea mays) were planted in all experimental pots and a pristine soil (CTRL-UP) served as control. After the 8th day, root length, shoot length and plant height were measured as 23.3, 6, 10.2cm; 10.2, 5.5, 15.4cm and 4.8, 4.5, 14.2cm for CTRL-UP, NPK+CD and NPK, respectively and the corn plant in NPK treatment died before the 35th day. The results confirmed that bioremediation was nutrient-limited. The presence of requisite hydrocarbonoclastic bacterial community with optimal nutrient availability enhanced the rate of crude oil degradation. The combination of inorganic and organic nutrient amendment is a better treatment option as it improves soil structure, water holding capacity and generally possess a rich microbial population with hydrocarbon utilizing capabilities.
Petroleum Product Storage Tank, Design and Loss Control Management
Authors: Maxwell Atia , Lawal Ayoola 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Petroleum emissions (Volatile Organic Compounds, VOC) have deleterious effects on the environment and certain factors increase the volumes of these emissions. Identifying and minimising such factors is an efficient means of loss control management. In this paper therefore, the effects, quantity and most significant loss sources (and/or factors) as well as ways of minimising these emissions are identified and outlined.
Fixed roof tank losses were observed to be exponentially higher than floating roof tanks. The most significant loss source was vapour volume for fixed roof tank and wind effects for floating roof tanks with internal floating roof tanks recording the lowest emissions. The most interesting discovery was, higher ambient temperatures resulted in higher vapour pressure (Gay-Lussac's Law) and density values.
This paper introduces practical and quantitative effects of meteorological factors as well as tank design on emissions in Tema, Ghana. All calculations are based on equations specified in AP-42 chapter 7. Data used include meteorological data from Ghana Meteorological Agency, tank design data and daily product levels for 2015 from a tank farm. The effects of wind on emission in withdrawal loss is excluded for internal floating roof tank and so also was deck seam losses for the welded external floating roof tank. All calculations are explicit, practical and detailed for easy understanding and reproduction.
Innovative Approaches to Healthcare Delivery in Resource Limited Settings: Lessons from Nigeria
Authors: Fajola A. O. , Ogbimi R. N. , Oyo-Ita A.. , Mosuro O.. , Mustapha A.. , Umejiego C.. , Fakunle B.. , Uduma C.. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The weak structure of the health system in Nigeria, its lack of vertical and horizontal integration, slow deployment of evidence-based decisions to impact health outcomes and weak synergy between government and other stakeholders, has led to minimal innovations in health care services. The introduction of community-based health insurance scheme (CHIS) at Obio Cottage Hospital changed the processes of service. The increased number of clients led to opportunities for innovation across the spectrum of health care. This included the ‘Green hospital energy’ initiative which reduced cost of power from an average of $300 - $1500/month to $180 – $500/month, increased facility utilization to an average of 340 patients /day. LEAN process led to a 51% reduction in patient transit time from mean of 3.8hours to 1.7 hours. There was also a 53% improved process efficiency through a cut down in process steps from 72 to 35 and introduction of the aired-oven which reduced specimen processing from 2hours 25mins to 13 minutes. CHIEASY reduced the lengthy registration process including curtailing the manual handling of client records. It provided an electronic and authentication system to track enrolment and financial accountability thus improving quality of care. Remote health through Vsee saved lives and cut cost of 10 patients diagnosed through video and audio report. These innovations brought about general clients' satisfaction and increased demand in health care in the facility.
Healthcare innovations to clients have multiplier effects in the provision of safe, timely, sustainable and quality-assured health care services and can be delivered at minimal costs. This analysis aimed to examine the use of innovative methods in improving efficiency in service delivery in a resource limited setting
The Future is Now: Imagery-Based Analysis and Assessment for More Robust ESIAs
Authors: Park Doug , Nunan Karin , Camp Henry 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to demonstrate how recent technological developments in remote sensing, surveillance, and associated computing capabilities are changing the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) approach. Specifically, these developments include high-resolution, multi-spectral satellite imagery and LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) derived digital surface and terrain modelling, as well as advanced software platforms used in their analysis. Building on these technological developments, a new approach to ESIA studies is emerging – Imagery-Based Analysis and Assessment (IBAA).
The IBAA approach aims to efficiently and accurately classify environmental and social sensitivities, quantify anticipated impacts from project activities and assist in the development of mitigation measures all while reducing the amount of time needed in the field to undertake baseline surveys. This is achieved through a methodology that involves semi-automated land cover and habitat classification, spectral manipulation, object-oriented analysis and valuation calculations.
A large onshore oil field development project in Ethiopia will serve as a case study for this paper to illustrate the technical and commercial benefits of the IBAA approach. Specifically, the case study will show how imagery-based analysis allows for: i) the generation of a more robust, thorough and defensible environmental and social baseline, ii) an efficient and cost-effective classification of social and environmental sensitivities across large geographic areas, and iii) more targeted and comprehensive analysis of risk.
This paper will culminate in the proposal of new industry best practice for utilizing IBAA methods to improve HSSE/SR performance and to identify, manage and mitigate non-technical risks throughout the project lifecycle.
Plasma Triglycerides and HDL-C Levels Predict the Development of Diabetic Kidney Disease in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes: The AMD Annals Initiative
Authors: Russo Giuseppina T. , De Cosmo Salvatore , Viazzi Francesca , Pacilli Antonio , Ceriello Antonio , Genovese Stefano , Guida Pietro , Giorda Carlo , Cucinotta Domenico , Pontremoli Roberto , Fioretto Paola ,   the AMD-Annals Study Group
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVE
Despite the achievement of blood glucose, blood pressure, and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) targets, the risk for diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains high among patients with type 2 diabetes. This observational retrospective study investigated whether diabetic dyslipidemia—that is, high triglyceride (TG) and/or low HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels—contributes to this high residual risk for DKD.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Among a total of 47,177 patients attending Italian diabetes centers, 15,362 patients with a baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2, normoalbuminuria, and LDL-C ≤130 mg/dL completing a 4-year follow-up were analyzed. The primary outcome was the incidence of DKD, defined as either low eGFR (&lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2) or an eGFR reduction &gt;30% and/or albuminuria.

RESULTS
Overall, 12.8% developed low eGFR, 7.6% an eGFR reduction &gt;30%, 23.2% albuminuria, and 4% albuminuria and either eGFR &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or an eGFR reduction &gt;30%. TG ≥150 mg/dL increased the risk of low eGFR by 26%, of an eGFR reduction &gt;30% by 29%, of albuminuria by 19%, and of developing one abnormality by 35%. HDL-C &lt;40 mg/dL in men and &lt;50 mg/dL in women were associated with a 27% higher risk of low eGFR and a 28% risk of an eGFR reduction &gt;30%, with a 24% higher risk of developing albuminuria and a 44% risk of developing one abnormality. These associations remained significant when TG and HDL-C concentrations were examined as continuous variables and were only attenuated by multivariate adjustment for numerous confounders.

CONCLUSIONS
In a large population of outpatients with diabetes, low HDL-C and high TG levels were independent risk factors for the development of DKD over 4 years.
SMASH 1: A VERY FAINT GLOBULAR CLUSTER DISRUPTING IN THE OUTER REACHES OF THE LMC?
Authors: Martin Nicolas F. , Jungbluth Valentin , Nidever David L. , Bell Eric F. , Besla Gurtina , Blum Robert D. , Cioni Maria-Rosa L. , Conn Blair C. , Kaleida Catherine C. , Gallart Carme , Jin Shoko , Majewski Steven R. , Martinez-Delgado David , Monachesi Antonela , Muñoz Ricardo R. , Noël Noelia E. D. , Olsen Knut , Stringfellow Guy S. , van der Marel Roeland P. , Vivas A. Katherina , Walker Alistair R. , Zaritsky Dennis 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
We present the discovery of a very faint stellar system, SMASH 1, that is potentially a satellite of the Large Magellanic Cloud. Found within the Survey of the Magellanic Stellar History (SMASH), SMASH 1 is a compact (

) and very low luminosity (

,

) stellar system that is revealed by its sparsely populated main sequence and a handful of red giant branch candidate member stars. The photometric properties of these stars are compatible with a metal-poor (

) and old (13 Gyr) isochrone located at a distance modulus of ∼18.8, i.e., a distance of

. Situated at 11.°3 from the LMC in projection, its three-dimensional distance from the Cloud is

, consistent with a connection to the LMC, whose tidal radius is at least

. Although the nature of SMASH 1 remains uncertain, its compactness favors it being a stellar cluster and hence dark-matter free. If this is the case, its dynamical tidal radius is only

at this distance from the LMC, and smaller than the system’s extent on the sky. Its low luminosity and apparent high ellipticity (

) with its major axis pointing toward the LMC may well be the tell-tale sign of its imminent tidal demise.
Cueillette ou horticulture Mésolithique : la Balma de l’Abeurador
Authors: Vaquer Jean , Barbaza Michel 
Published: October 2016

La Balma de l’Abeurador recèle une importante stratigraphie comportant une séquence de l’Epipaléolithique-Mésolithique tronquée et ravinée, à laquelle succède une autre séquence qui débute à la fin du Néolithique ancien et se termine au Néolithique final. Les industries lithiques des couches du Préboréal et des débuts du Boréal sont très fortement dominées par le groupe des armatures. Une évolution peut être perçue au sein de cet ensemble, les pièces à dos : lamelles à dos et pointes étant progressivement remplacées par des armatures géométriques de plus en plus petites. La rareté des produits de débitage et des outils du fonds commun suggère une spécialisation des activités. L’économie de ces groupes mésolithiques comportait les activités traditionnelles de chasse au gros gibier (bouquetins, cervidés, sangliers) et de capture de petits animaux (oiseaux, lapins, poissons). Les activités de subsistance qui semblent avoir joué le plus grand rôle étaient cependant la récolte de graines et fruits. Les abondants vestiges carbonisés étudiés par J. Erroux révèlent la présence d’espèces variées parmi lesquelles se rencontrent plusieurs cultigènes : lentilles, pois, pois chiches, gesses chiches, ers.L’origine phylogénétique de ces espèces est située au Proche-Orient ce qui pose le problème de leur éventuelle diffusion dès le 8e millénaire avant notre ère à travers la Méditerranée. Quoiqu’il en soit l’abondance des graines suggère des pratiques horticoles et de stockage qui sont le prélude de l’agriculture véritable.
Questions méthodologiques dans l’étude des premières communautés paysannes du midi de la France
Authors: Mills Nagel 
Published: October 2016

Cet article donne une vue d’ensemble des données archéologiques disponibles et des programmes de recherche relatifs à l’étude du développement des communautés agricoles du Midi de la France. On constate que ces données ne peuvent pas permettre de répondre aux questions actuelles concernant l’étude des processus du développement socio-économique. En effet, elles proviennent, pour la plupart, de sites en grotte dans les zones calcaires marginales, alors que les sites de plein-air de la plaine languedocienne et des bassins provençaux n’ont été que très peu étudiés. Ces gisements de plaine ont subi d’une part les influences néfastes de l’érosion et des labours et d’autre part les effets de la transgression flandrienne qui a submergé les sites côtiers. On propose deux modèles différents du processus de développement des sociétés agricoles dans la région ; ils pourront servir à structurer les recherches futures.D’après les données actuellement disponibles il semble que les vraies communautés agricoles n’apparaissent qu’à partir du Néolithique moyen.
Les sépultures de la Baume Bourbon à Cabrieres (Gard)
Authors: Coste André , Duday Henri , Gutherz Xavier , Roudil Jean-Louis 
Published: October 2016

Les salles profondes de la Baume Bourbon à Cabrières (Gard) ont livré des sépultures attribuables à la phase récente du Néolithique ancien : les restes d’au moins quinze sujets - adultes de deux sexes, enfants - étaient répartis en trois secteurs où des remarques originales concernant les rites funéraires ont pu être réalisées. Le mobilier se limite à des éléments de parure, et tout particulièrement des bracelets en marbre, calcaire et test de Pectunculus.
Les deux visages du Néolithique ancien d’Aquitaine
Authors: Roussot-Larroque Julia 
Published: October 2016

Le Néolithique ancien d’Aquitaine présente deux aspects nettement différents. Sur la côte atlantique, près de l’embouchure de la Gironde et en relation probable avec d’anciens marais, on trouve des groupes cardiaux à céramique décorée à la coquille (motifs en flamme surtout) ; on note l’absence d’éléments épicardiaux : ni décors poinçonnés, ni sillons en métopes, ni reliefs. On ne possède pas, pour l’instant, de datations vraiment fiables pour cet ensemble.Dans l’intérieur des terres (Agenais, Périgord, Quercy), le Roucadourien, distinct du Cardial comme de l’Epicar-dial sensu stricto, s’enracine dans le substrat mésolithique local (Pré-Roucadourien, ex-« Tardenoisien d’Aquitaine »). Sa céramique a des caractères originaux, d’allure archaïque ; son industrie lithique demeure fortement microli-thique. Ces deux groupes semblent avoir existé parallèlement pendant une partie au moins de leur développement.
Rhodes et l’ordre de Saint-Jean-de-Jérusalem
Authors: Vatin Nicolas 
Published: October 2016

Après avoir dû abandonner ses positions en Syrie, l’ordre de Saint-Jean-de-Jérusalem s’installa à Rhodes dans la première décennie du xive siècle. Il y demeura jusqu’en 1522, date à laquelle le sultan ottoman Soliman le Magnifique s’empara de la place après un siège de plusieurs mois. Cette présence à Rhodes et dans son archipel - le Dodécanèse - influença les chevaliers, qui devinrent des pirates redoutés. Ils créèrent un véritable petit État chrétien à la frontière des puissances musulmanes. L’ordre, à la fois religieux et militaire, devait en effet s’opposer à ses voisins « infidèles », mais il avait également à gérer un territoire et une population qui entretenait des liens réguliers et pacifiques avec Turcs et Arabes.
Cette situation explique l’importance de l’empreinte des chevaliers à Rhodes, où ils contribuèrent à construire une société et une économie originales. Les témoignages de leur œuvre architecturale, bien conservés, sont impressionnants. Les chevaliers de Rhodes avaient su créer une « Rhodes des chevaliers », qui se développa au cours de deux siècles d’une histoire mouvementée.

« Patrimoine de la Méditerranée » : une collection qui se propose de retrouver l’esprit des lieux, de les faire revivre à travers leur histoire, de susciter l’imagination du passé. Chaque ouvrage, s’appuyant sur les acquis les plus récents de la recherche, s’organise autour d’un thème privilégié.
Les lignes de rivage holocènes en Languedoc méditerranéen
Authors: Bazile Frédéric 
Published: October 2016

Les étapes de la remontée de la Méditerranée sont présentées à travers l’exemple du Golfe d’Aigues-Mortes (Gard-France) où un système complexe de cordons littoraux, remarquablement bien conservés, permet de tracer une courbe des variations du niveau de la Méditerranée de 8 000 BP à l’actuel.