bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the Tool to Reduce Inappropriate Medications on Medication Communication and Deprescribing
Authors: Fried Terri R. , Niehoff Kristina M. , Street Richard L. , Charpentier Peter A. , Rajeevan Nallakkandi , Miller Perry L. , Goldstein Mary K. , O'Leary John R. , Fenton Brenda T. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesTo examine the effect of the Tool to Reduce Inappropriate Medications (TRIM), a web tool linking an electronic health record (EHR) to a clinical decision support system, on medication communication and prescribing.DesignRandomized clinical trial.SettingPrimary care clinics at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center.ParticipantsVeterans aged 65 and older prescribed seven or more medications randomized to receipt of TRIM or usual care (N = 128).InterventionTRIM extracts information on medications and chronic conditions from the EHR and contains data entry screens for information obtained from brief chart review and telephonic patient assessment. These data serve as input for automated algorithms identifying medication reconciliation discrepancies, potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs), and potentially inappropriate regimens. Clinician feedback reports summarize discrepancies and provide recommendations for deprescribing. Patient feedback reports summarize discrepancies and self‐reported medication problems.MeasurementsPrimary: subscales of the Patient Assessment of Care for Chronic Conditions (PACIC) related to shared decision‐making; clinician and patient communication. Secondary: changes in medications.Results29.7% of TRIM participants and 15.6% of control participants provided the highest PACIC ratings; this difference was not significant. Adjusting for covariates and clustering of patients within clinicians, TRIM was associated with significantly more‐active patient communication and facilitative clinician communication and with more medication‐related communication among patients and clinicians. TRIM was significantly associated with correction of medication discrepancies but had no effect on number of medications or reduction in PIMs.ConclusionTRIM improved communication about medications and accuracy of documentation. Although there was no association with prescribing, the small sample size provided limited power to examine medication‐related outcomes.
Relationship between Total Homocysteine, Folic Acid, and Thyroid Hormones in Hypothyroid Dogs
Authors: Gołyński M. , Lutnicki K. , Krumrych W. , Szczepanik M. , Gołyńska M. , Wilkołek P. , Adamek Ł. , Sitkowski Ł. , Kurek Ł. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundBoth elevated homocysteine and decreased folic acid concentrations are observed in human patients with hypothyroidism and can influence the development of numerous secondary disorders.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to assess total homocysteine concentration in serum and to examine its relationship with the concentration of folic acid and thyroid hormones (tT4 and fT4).AnimalsTen healthy and 19 hypothyroid client‐owned dogs.MethodsDogs with clinical signs of hypothyroidism had the diagnosis confirmed by additional tests. Total homocysteine, folic acid, total thyroxine, and free thyroxine concentrations in serum were evaluated.ResultsHypothyroid dogs were diagnosed with increased homocysteine (median 22.20 μmol/L; range, 16.50–37.75) and decreased folic acid (median 20.62 nmol/L; range, 10.54–26.35) concentrations, as compared to healthy dogs (11.52 μmol/L; range, 10.00–16.65 and 30.68 nmol/L; range, 22.84–38.52, respectively). In sick dogs, total homocysteine was inversely correlated with folic acid (ρ = −0.47, P < 0.001), total thyroxine (ρ = −0.69, P = 0.0092), and free thyroxine (ρ = −0.56, P = 0.0302).ConclusionsHypothyroidism in dogs causes hyperhomocysteinemia. Concomitant mild folic acid decrease in hypothyroid dogs might be as a result of hyperhomocysteinemia.
Genetic favouring of pheomelanin‐based pigmentation limits physiological benefits of coloniality in lesser kestrels Falco naumanni
Authors: Galván Ismael , Moraleda Virginia , Otero Ignacio , Álvarez Ernesto , Inácio Ângela 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPheomelanin contributes to the pigmentation phenotype of animals by producing orange and light brown colours in the integument. However, pheomelanin synthesis in melanocytes requires consumption of glutathione (GSH), the most important intracellular antioxidant. Therefore, a genetic control favouring the production of large amounts of pheomelanin for pigmentation may lead to physiological costs under environmental conditions that promote oxidative stress. We investigated this possibility in the context of breeding coloniality, a reproductive strategy that may affect oxidative stress. We found in lesser kestrel Falco naumanni nestlings that the GSH:GSSG ratio, which decreases with systemic oxidative stress, increased with the size of the colony where they were reared, but the expression in feather melanocytes of five genes involved in pheomelanin synthesis (Slc7a11, Slc45a2, CTNS, MC1R and AGRP) did not vary with colony size. The antioxidant capacity (TEAC) of lesser kestrel nestlings also increased with colony size, but in a manner that depended on Slc7a11 expression and not on the expression of the other genes. Thus, antioxidant capacity increased with colony size only in nestlings least expressing Slc7a11, a gene with a known role in mediating cysteine (a constituent amino acid of GSH) consumption for pheomelanin production. The main predictor of the intensity of pheomelanin‐based feather colour was Slc45a2 expression followed in importance by Slc7a11 expression, hence suggesting that the genetic regulation of the pigmentation phenotype mediated by Slc7a11 and a lack of epigenetic lability in this gene limits birds from benefiting from the physiological benefits of coloniality.
Revitalizing the ‘civic’ and ‘ethnic’ distinction. Perceptions of nationhood across two dimensions, 44 countries and two decades
Authors: Larsen Christian Albrekt 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis article describes how contemporary publics think about the nation along Kohn's classic distinction between ‘civic’ and ‘ethnic’ nationalism. The article makes three contributes to the existing literature. Firstly, it introduces a new statistical tool, multi‐classification analysis, to establish and analyse the two‐dimensional structure found in this and previous studies. Secondly, it derives at an alternative interpretation, with a first dimension distinguishing the level of mobilization of nationalist attitudes and a second dimension distinguishing the relative emphasis given to civic and ethnic elements. Thirdly, it demonstrates how this set‐up can be used to describe differences within countries, across countries and across time using all three rounds of International Social Survey Programme data on national identity. The descriptions demonstrate a move towards mobilized ethnic nationalism in Eastern Europe, while a stable non‐mobilized civic nationalism prevails in many West European countries, despite the rise of new right‐wing parties.
Tropical rainforest carbon sink declines during El Niño as a result of reduced photosynthesis and increased respiration rates
Authors: Cavaleri Molly A. , Coble Adam P. , Ryan Michael G. , Bauerle William L. , Loescher Henry W. , Oberbauer Steven F. 
Published: August 2017

Summary

Changes in tropical forest carbon sink strength during El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events can indicate future behavior under climate change. Previous studies revealed ˜6 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 lower net ecosystem production (NEP) during ENSO year 1998 compared with non‐ENSO year 2000 in a Costa Rican tropical rainforest. We explored environmental drivers of this change and examined the contributions of ecosystem respiration (RE) and gross primary production (GPP) to this weakened carbon sink.

For 1998–2000, we estimated RE using chamber‐based respiration measurements, and we estimated GPP in two ways: using (1) the canopy process model MAESTRA, and (2) combined eddy covariance and chamber respiration data. MAESTRA‐estimated GPP did not statistically differ from GPP estimated using approach 2, but was ˜ 28% greater than published GPP estimates for the same site and years using eddy covariance data only.

A 7% increase in RE (primarily increased soil respiration) and a 10% reduction in GPP contributed equally to the difference in NEP between ENSO year 1998 and non‐ENSO year 2000.

A warming and drying climate for tropical forests may yield a weakened carbon sink from both decreased GPP and increased RE. Understanding physiological acclimation will be critical for the large carbon stores in these ecosystems.
A non‐DNA‐binding activity for the ATHB4 transcription factor in the control of vegetation proximity
Authors: Gallemí Marçal , Molina‐Contreras Maria Jose , Paulišić Sandi , Salla‐Martret Mercè , Sorin Céline , Godoy Marta , Franco‐Zorrilla Jose Manuel , Solano Roberto , Martínez‐García Jaime F. 
Published: August 2017

Summary

In plants, perception of vegetation proximity by phytochrome photoreceptors activates a transcriptional network that implements a set of responses to adapt to plant competition, including elongation of stems or hypocotyls. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the homeodomain‐leucine zipper (HD‐Zip) transcription factor ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA HOMEOBOX 4 (ATHB4) regulates this and other responses, such as leaf polarity.

To better understand the shade regulatory transcriptional network, we have carried out structure–function analyses of ATHB4 by overexpressing a series of truncated and mutated forms and analyzing three different responses: hypocotyl response to shade, transcriptional activity and leaf polarity.

Our results indicated that ATHB4 has two physically separated molecular activities: that performed by HD‐Zip, which is involved in binding to DNA‐regulatory elements, and that performed by the ETHYLENE‐RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING FACTOR‐associated amphiphilic repression (EAR)‐containing N‐terminal region, which is involved in protein−protein interaction. Whereas both activities are required to regulate leaf polarity, DNA‐binding activity is not required for the regulation of the seedling responses to plant proximity, which indicates that ATHB4 works as a transcriptional cofactor in the regulation of this response.

These findings suggest that transcription factors might employ alternative mechanisms of action to regulate different developmental processes.
T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase prevents STAT1 induction of claudin‐2 expression in intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Krishnan Moorthy , McCole Declan F. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractT cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP) dephosphorylates a number of substrates, including JAK–STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) signaling proteins, which are activated by interferon (IFN)‐γ, a major proinflammatory cytokine involved in conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease. A critical function of the intestinal epithelium is formation of a selective barrier to luminal contents. The structural units of the epithelium that regulate barrier function are the tight junctions (TJs), and the protein composition of the TJ determines the tightness of the barrier. Claudin‐2 is a TJ protein that increases permeability to cations and reduces transepithelial electrical resistance (TER). We previously showed that transient knockdown (KD) of TCPTP permits increased expression of claudin‐2 by IFN‐γ. Here, we demonstrate that the decreased TER in TCPTP‐deficient epithelial cells is alleviated by STAT1 KD. Moreover, increased claudin‐2 in TCPTP‐deficient cells requires enhanced STAT1 activation and STAT1 binding to the CLDN2 promoter. We also show that mutation of this STAT‐binding site prevents elevated CLDN2 promoter activity in TCPTP‐deficient epithelial cells. In summary, we demonstrate that TCPTP protects the intestinal epithelial barrier by restricting STAT‐induced claudin‐2 expression. This is a potential mechanism by which loss‐of‐function mutations in the gene encoding TCPTP may contribute to barrier defects in chronic intestinal inflammatory disease.
Melanin quantification by in vitro and in vivo analysis of near‐infrared fluorescence
Authors: Kalia Sunil , Zhao Jianhua , Zeng Haishan , McLean David , Kollias Nikiforos , Lui Harvey 
Published: August 2017

SummaryObjective measurements of melanin can provide important information for differentiating melanoma from benign pigmented lesions and in assessing pigmentary diseases. Herein, we evaluate near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence as a possible tool to quantify melanin. Various concentrations of in vitro Sepia melanin in tissue phantoms were measured with NIR fluorescence and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Similar optic measurements were conducted in vivo on 161 normal human skin sites. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy was used to quantify the melanin content via Stamatas–Kollias algorithm. At physiologic concentrations, increasing in vitro melanin concentrations demonstrated higher fluorescence that was linearly correlated (R2 = 0.99, p < .001). At higher concentrations, the fluorescence signal plateaued. A linear relationship was also observed with melanin content in human skin (R2 = 0.59, p < .001). Comparing the fluorescence and reflectance signals with in vitro and in vivo samples, the estimated melanin concentration in human skin ranged between 0 and 1.25 mg/ml, consistent with previous quantitative studies involving invasive methods.
Study of Cognitive Function in Children Treated with Propranolol for Infantile Hemangioma
Authors: González‐Llorente Nieves , del Olmo‐Benito Isabel , Muñoz‐Ollero Natalia , Descalzo Miguel Angel , García‐Doval Ignacio , Torrelo Antonio 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundOral propranolol is considered the first choice for the treatment of infantile hemangiomas (IHs). There is a concern that administering propranolol in newborns and infants could induce adverse effects in learning and memory processes in the long term. The purpose of this study was to assess cognitive and memory functions in children who had been treated with propranolol for IH during their infancy.MethodsA total of 23 children between 5 and 7.5 years of age who had been treated with oral propranolol for IH during infancy were tested for cognitive functions with the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, Fourth Edition (WPPSI‐IV) test and for memory functions with the Test of Memory and Learning (TOMAL).ResultsComparison of our sample with a normal distribution by a Shapiro‐Wilk W test showed no significant difference for any of the composite scores in the WPPSI‐IV and TOMAL tests except for positive asymmetry and concentration of scores around average (p = 0.01) in the WPPSI‐IV composite score (mean intelligence), due to one atypically high score.ConclusionsThe distribution of scores for intelligence and memory scales in our study population was similar to that in the reference general population. These results fail to support any significant disturbance in intelligence and memory development in children treated during infancy with propranolol for IH.
Spontaneous Regression of a Nail Matrix Melanocytic Nevus in a Child
Authors: Maddy Austin John , Tosti Antonella 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA 14‐year‐old Hispanic boy presented with a 0.25‐mm wide, sharply demarcated, dark brown band of longitudinal melanonychia of the left thumbnail. A clinical diagnosis of nail matrix nevus was made and the boy was scheduled for follow‐up. The band showed proximal fading after 6 months and had completely faded after 11 months, with the proximal nail fold showing small dark brown dots on dermoscopy. We documented the spontaneous regression of melanonychia over 11 months.
Kleine–Levin syndrome elicited by encephalopathy with reversible splenial lesion
Authors: Takayanagi Masaru , Okabe Shinichi , Yamamoto Katsuya , Komatsu Juri , Suzuki Rikio , Kitamura Taro , Ohura Toshihiro 
Published: August 2017

AbstractKleine–Levin syndrome is a rare sleep disorder of unknown etiology characterized by repetitive episodes of hypersomnia between asymptomatic periods. We report the case of a 13‐year‐old girl who presented with drowsiness triggered by influenza A as the first episode. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on day 6 showed transient reduction of diffusion in the corpus callosum splenium. The patient was diagnosed with encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion. The symptoms resolved after 10 days, but additional episodes of hypersomnia lasting 5–10 days occurred 1, 5, 6, 11, 13, and 25 months after the first episode. MRI during hypersomnia indicated no lesions, and sleep duration and cognition were normal between episodes. The patient was diagnosed with Kleine–Levin syndrome. Electroencephalographic and clinical findings during the first episode were similar to those during the other episodes. Encephalopathy with a splenial lesion and Kleine–Levin syndrome may have similar pathological mechanisms causing a disturbance in consciousness.
International Uptake of a Proven Intervention to Reduce Death and Dependency in Acute Stroke: A Cross‐Sectional Survey Following the QASC Trial
Authors: Middleton Sandy , Bruch Dominik , Martinez‐Garduno Cintia , Dale Simeon , McNamara Maria 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundUptake of proven interventions requires dedicated resources that may only result in local implementation, thus precluding international practice change. We explored international uptake through online dissemination of the fever, sugar, and swallow (FeSS) protocols from the Quality in Acute Stroke Care (QASC) trial, which showed decreased death and dependency by 15.7% 90‐day poststroke.AimsTo identify: (a) the clinical discipline of healthcare professionals who downloaded the QASC resources; (b) the purpose for downloading; (c) successful implementation of any or all the FeSS protocols; (d) barriers to implementation; and (e) associations with self‐reported successful implementation.MethodsA cross‐sectional, online survey of those who downloaded the QASC resources between October 2011 and August 2013. Associations between implementation and participant characteristics were determined.ResultsOne‐hundred and fifty‐nine people from 21 countries participated. Nurses were the largest group to download the resources (n = 54, 38%), with the primary purpose to inform clinical practice (n = 97, 64%). Less than half (n = 77, 48%) downloaded, and less than a quarter (n = 38, 24%) attempted to implement all three protocols. Of those personally involved in implementation (n = 50) half reported doing so successfully for one or more protocols (n = 27, 54%) with 10 (20%) reporting successful implementation of all three protocols. Only about half (n = 13, 48%) used the proven implementation strategy with about one‐third (n = 10, 29%) confirming successful uptake via audit. Implementation barriers were potential increase in nursing workload (n = 28, 56%) and lack of medical staff engagement (n = 27, 53%). Higher autonomy was associated with greater likelihood of implementation of all three protocols (p = .038).Linking Evidence to ActionThe QASC intervention required use of all three protocols. However, less than half downloaded them all and implementation was not guided by the proven implementation strategy. While encouraging that these resources were being used to drive practice change, piecemeal implementation of a proven intervention is unlikely to improve patient outcomes.
The commutator algebra of covariant derivative as general framework for extended gravity. The Rastall theory case and the role of the torsion
Authors: Licata I. , Moradpour H. , Corda C. 
Published: August 2017

In this short review, we discuss the approach of the commutator algebra of covariant derivative to analyze the gravitational theories, starting from the standard Einstein's general theory of relativity (GTR) and focusing on the Rastall theory. After that, we discuss the important role of the torsion in this mathematical framework.In the appendix of the paper, we analyze the importance of the nascent gravitational wave (GW) astronomy as a tool to discriminate among the GTR and alternative theories of gravity.
REMARKS ON WITTGENSTEIN’S PHILOSOPHY: PHILOSOPHICAL METHOD AND CONTRADICTIONS
Authors: Hansen Kaj Børge 
Published: August 2017

This essay is a critical analysis of some themes in Wittgenstein’s later philosophy. It is not primarily Wittgenstein-exegesis. Much more modestly, my purpose is to express my own thoughts about some questions which Wittgenstein has treated in his writings. It is the second in a series of two articles. The first article, “Remarks on Wittgenstein’s Philosophy: Private Language and Meaning", was published in Volume 42, 2007, of the present YEARBOOK.

Section 1, “Philosophical Method”. Wittgenstein’s conception of philosophy as language therapy is criticised. Instead philosophy is construed as foundational research. Wittgenstein’s statement that mathematical logic cannot contribute to progress in philosophy is repudiated. Several examples of ideas and results in mathematical logic which have led to the solution of philosophical problems are given.

Section 2, “Contradictions: The Wittgenstein- Turing Debate”. In lectures on the foundations of mathematics given in 1939, Wittgenstein claimed that contradictions in mathematical theories are harmless. A debate ensued on this question between him and Alan Turing. In support of Turing's standpoint, I use the theorem on Taylor series, Church's Theorem, and Gentzen’s Cut-Elimination Theorem to show that Wittgenstein’s standpoint is untenable.
For orientation, I also include here the abstract for the first article in the series, “Remarks on Wittgenstein’s Philosophy: Private Language and Meaning”.

Section 1, “The Private Language Argument”. An independent argument is given for Wittgenstein’s thesis that there is no private language. I show that psychological terms in ordinary language, in contrast to an implication of Wittgenstein’s own private language argument, in their meanings do contain references to inner states, processes, and events.

Section 2, “Meaning”. Wittgenstein’s definition of meaning as use in the language is criticised. Meaning is instead identified with something in the content of a conscious mind. Applications are given to some suggestions in the philosophy of language by Chomsky, Harman and Fodor, Grice, and Kripke.
Early-onset schizophrenia: Symptoms and social class of origin
Authors: Gallagher Bernard J , Jones Brian J 
Published: August 2017

Background: The genesis of schizophrenia is multifactorial, including biological and environmental risk factors. We tested for an interactive effect between early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) and social class of origins (socioeconomic status (SES)). Data were further analyzed for a possible connection to type of schizophrenic symptoms. Sampling/Methods: Data for the study are taken from the medical records of 642 patients from a large state hospital in the northeastern United States. Clinical assessments were divided into positive and negative symptomatology through application of the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Detailed information about age of onset and SES of origin was obtained through Social Service Assessment interviews. Results: We uncovered a significant impact of EOS among the poor that elevates risk for negative symptomatology. Conclusion: Poor SES alone does not increase the likelihood of EOS, but it magnifies the deleterious effect of EOS on negative symptoms. Future research on these variables may inform the relative contribution of each.