bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute psychotic symptoms following a single dose of levofloxacin
Authors: Takser Larissa , Grad Roland 
Published: November 2017

Key clinical messageThe objective of our case report was to raise awareness of the neurotoxic potential of levofloxacin in naïve patients. In patients with severe infections and comorbidities, it would be difficult to discriminate the neurotoxic effects of levofloxacin from those of the medical condition itself. Thus, health professionals should be aware of the early onset CNS effects of levofloxacin in naïve patients.
Rotating Iron and Titanium Sandwich Complexes
Authors: Vlahovic Filip , Gruden Maja , Swart Marcel 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe origin for the rotational barrier of organometallic versus inorganic sandwich complexes has remained enigmatic for the past decades. Here, we investigate in detail what causes the substantial barrier for titanodecaphosphacene through spin‐state consistent density functional theory. Orbital interactions are shown to be the determining factor.
Optimization of the Donor Material Structure and Processing Conditions to Obtain Efficient Small‐Molecule Donors for Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells
Authors: Busireddy Manohar Reddy , Madhu Chakali , Chereddy Narendra Reddy , Appalanaidu Ejjurothu , Sharma Ganesh Datt , Vaidya Jayathirtha Rao 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSmall molecule donor materials with varied number of fluorine atoms (zero and four for ICT7 and ICT9, respectively) are synthesized and the influence of the fluorine atom content on their photophysical, electrochemical and thermal properties is studied. With an increase in the number of F atoms, the absorption maximum of the donor material is blue shifted with an increase in the molar extinction coefficient and also, the HOMO (−5.60 and −5.70 eV, respectively, for ICT7 and ICT9) and the LUMO (−3.70 and −3.76 eV, respectively, for ICT7 and ICT9) energy levels are stabilized. Thermal properties, such as melting temperature Tm (223 and 312 °C, respectively, for ICT7 and ICT9) and crystallization temperature Tc (174 and 284 °C, respectively, for ICT7 and ICT9) are significantly enhanced with increasing numbers of fluorine atoms. Solution‐processed bulk heterojunction solar cells (BHJSCs) are fabricated using these two donors along with PC71BM as the acceptor. Under the optimized conditions, they exhibited an overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.43 % and 8.34 % for ICT7:PC71BM and ICT9:PC71BM active layers, respectively. ICT9 with four F atoms induced a better nanoscale morphology to the active layer, exhibited efficient charge transport and exciton dissociation and resulted in a better PCE of the BHJSCs.
Accuracy of cervical auscultation in detecting the presence of material in the airway
Authors: Nozue Shinji , Ihara Yoshiaki , Takahashi Koji , Harada Yuka , Takei Yoshiko , Yuasa Ken , Yokoyama Kaoru 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSeveral studies have investigated the accuracy of cervical auscultation (CA). However, both the sensitivities and the specificities of CA in detecting dysphagic conditions varied widely among these studies. These wide variations of the accuracy of CA might be caused by differences of the targeted sounds, such as the expiratory sound (ES) and/or swallowing sound (SS). Forty‐six dysphagic patients were served as subjects. Patients who had unoccluded tracheostoma and patients who could not follow the instructions were excluded. During the videofluorographic swallowing study (VFSS), the subjects swallowed 3 ml of yogurt containing barium sulfate. The VFSS images were recorded with acoustic signals including both the swallowing and respiratory sounds detected by our method. Classification of the VFSS images was decided by consensus of the three dentists using a penetration‐aspiration scale (PAS). Recorded VFSS images were classified into the following 2 groups based on PAS: “no or minimum risk group”: PAS1–2; and “possible risk group”: PAS3–8. As a result of the classification of VFSS findings, 30 samples were evaluated as no or minimum risk group and 16 as possible risk group. Twelve observers including 10 dentists other than 3 dentists who evaluated VFSS images and 2 speech pathologists auditorily diagnosed “negative” and “positive.” Sensitivity, specificity, and intra‐rater reliability was calculated for the 3 types of acoustic samples. The sensitivity of the intra‐rater reliability was 60.3% for ES, 76.6% for SS, and 89.9% for ES + SS. The sensitivity of intra‐rater reliability of ES + SS samples was significantly higher than that of ES (p < .01) and SS (p < .05). The sensitivity of intra‐rater reliability of SS was significantly higher than that of ES (p < .01). The specificity of the intra‐rater reliability was 53.7% for ES, 50.3% for SS, and 44.5% for ES + SS. ES + SS might be most useful for detecting the presence of material in the airway.
Stoichiometric and nutrient resorption characteristics of dominant tree species in subtropical Chinese forests
Authors: Zeng Yelin , Fang Xi , Xiang Wenhua , Deng Xiangwen , Peng Changhui 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis study investigated seasonal patterns in stoichiometric ratios, nutrient resorption characteristics, and nutrient use strategies of dominant tree species at three successional stages in subtropical China, which have not been fully understood. Fresh leaf and leaf litterfall samples were collected in growing and nongrowing seasons for determining the concentrations of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P). Then, stoichiometric ratios (i.e., C:N, C:P, N:P, and C:N:P) and resorption parameters were calculated. Our results found that there was no consistent variation in leaf C:N and C:P ratios among different species. However, leaf N:P ratios in late‐successional species became significantly higher, indicating that P limitation increases during successional development. Due to the P limitation in this study area, P resorption efficiency and proficiency were higher than corresponding N resorption parameters. Dominant tree species at early‐successional stage adopted “conservative consumption” nutrient use strategy, whereas the species at late‐successional stage inclined to adopt “resource spending” strategy.
Establishing the phylogeny of Prochlorococcus with a new alignment‐free method
Authors: Zhao Xin , Tian Kun , He Rong L. , Yau Stephen S.‐T. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractProchlorococcus marinus, one of the most abundant marine cyanobacteria in the global ocean, is classified into low‐light (LL) and high‐light (HL) adapted ecotypes. These two adapted ecotypes differ in their ecophysiological characteristics, especially whether adapted for growth at high‐light or low‐light intensities. However, some evolutionary relationships of Prochlorococcus phylogeny remain to be resolved, such as whether the strains SS120 and MIT9211 form a monophyletic group. We use the Natural Vector (NV) method to represent the sequence in order to identify the phylogeny of the Prochlorococcus. The natural vector method is alignment free without any model assumptions. This study added the covariances of amino acids in protein sequence to the natural vector method. Based on these new natural vectors, we can compute the Hausdorff distance between the two clades which represents the dissimilarity. This method enables us to systematically analyze both the dataset of ribosomal proteomes and the dataset of 16s‐23s rRNA sequences in order to reconstruct the phylogeny of Prochlorococcus. Furthermore, we apply classification to inspect the relationship of SS120 and MIT9211. From the reconstructed phylogenetic trees and classification results, we may conclude that the SS120 does not cluster with MIT9211. This study demonstrates a new method for performing phylogenetic analysis. The results confirm that these two strains do not form a monophyletic clade in the phylogeny of Prochlorococcus.
Inducing broadcast coral spawning ex situ: Closed system mesocosm design and husbandry protocol
Authors: Craggs Jamie , Guest James R. , Davis Michelle , Simmons Jeremy , Dashti Ehsan , Sweet Michael 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFor many corals, the timing of broadcast spawning correlates strongly with a number of environmental signals (seasonal temperature, lunar, and diel cycles). Robust experimental studies examining the role of these putative cues in triggering spawning have been lacking until recently because it has not been possible to predictably induce spawning in fully closed artificial mesocosms. Here, we present a closed system mesocosm aquarium design that utilizes microprocessor technology to accurately replicate environmental conditions, including photoperiod, seasonal insolation, lunar cycles, and seasonal temperature from Singapore and the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), Australia. Coupled with appropriate coral husbandry, these mesocosms were successful in inducing, for the first time, broadcast coral spawning in a fully closed artificial ex situ environment. Four Acropora species (A. hyacinthus, A. tenuis, A. millepora, and A. microclados) from two geographical locations, kept for over 1 year, completed full gametogenic cycles ex situ. The percentage of colonies developing oocytes varied from ~29% for A. hyacinthus to 100% for A. millepora and A. microclados. Within the Singapore mesocosm, A. hyacinthus exhibited the closest synchronization to wild spawning, with all four gravid colonies releasing gametes in the same lunar month as wild predicted dates. Spawning within the GBR mesocosm commenced at the predicted wild spawn date but extended over a period of 3 months. Gamete release in relation to the time postsunset for A. hyacinthus, A. millepora, and A. tenuis was consistent with time windows previously described in the wild. Spawn date in relation to full moon, however, was delayed in all species, possibly as a result of external light pollution. The system described here could broaden the number of institutions on a global scale, that can access material for broadcast coral spawning research, providing opportunities for institutions distant from coral reefs to produce large numbers of coral larvae and juveniles for research purposes and reef restoration efforts.
Time Resolved Direct Determination of Arsenate in the Presence of Arsenite on Pencil Graphite Electrode Modified by Graphene Oxide and Zirconium
Authors: Pourbeyram Sima , Asadi Shahin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTrace amount of arsenate in the presence of arsenite was determined directly on pencil graphite electrode modified by graphene oxide and zirconium (Zr−G−PGE). The layer‐by‐layer modification of PGE was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Key point of the developed method was quick adsorption of arsenate than arsenite on the Zr−G−PGE. In optimal conditions, the Zr−G−PGE was applied for determination of arsenate using differential pulse voltammetry in a linear range 0.10–40.0 μg L−1 with a limit of determination of 0.12±0.01 μg L−1. The sensitivity of the electrode was 1.36±0.07 μA/μg L−1. The modified electrode was used to measure the concentration of arsenate in the river water. A recovery test was performed by introducing 10 μg L−1 arsenate into the rivers water in order and acceptable data of average recovery of 101.2 % was obtained. From the experimental results, the as‐prepared electrode can provide a satisfactory method for direct determination of arsenate in real samples.
Electrophoretic Deposition of Gadolinium‐doped Ceria as a Barrier Layer on Yttrium‐stabilized Zirconia Electrolyte for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Hu S. , Li W. , Yao M. , Li T. , Liu X. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractReplacing the electronically conductive (LaSr)MnO3±δ (LSM) cathode in the LSM/yttrium‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) system with the mixed ion‐electron conductive (MIEC) (LaSr)(CoFe)O3–δ will promote cathode performance in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) significantly. However, a barrier layer between LSCF and YSZ is necessary for preventing chemical reaction between these two components. In this study, a gadolinium‐doped ceria (GDC) barrier layer was deposited on the YSZ electrolyte by scalable and cost‐effective electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Polypyrrole (PPy) was coated on the YSZ surface as the conductive agent. A highly compact GDC green layer was obtained by the EPD process in an ethanol‐based suspension. GDC barrier layers ranging in thickness from 5 µm to 8 µm were successfully densified at temperatures as low as 1,300 °C. The performance of these cells was evaluated using a symmetrical cell configuration through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Ohmic resistance of the GDC barrier layer made by EPD versus the conventional spin‐coating method was reduced by 0.09 Ω cm2 at 750 °C, which generally accounts for 30% of the total ohmic resistance for the electrode‐supported fuel cells (0.30 Ω cm2). This result suggests that EPD is a highly desirable method for efficiently manufacturing an electrolyte barrier layer with improved performance.
Osteoinductivity of nanostructured hydroxyapatite‐functionalized gelatin modulated by human and endogenous mesenchymal stromal cells
Authors: Della Bella Elena , Parrilli Annapaola , Bigi Adriana , Panzavolta Silvia , Amadori Sofia , Giavaresi Gianluca , Martini Lucia , Borsari Veronica , Fini Milena 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe demand of new strategies for the induction of bone regeneration is continuously increasing. Biomimetic porous gelatin‐nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite scaffolds with tailored properties were previously developed, showing a positive response in terms of cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. In the present paper, we focused on their osteoinductive properties. The effect of scaffolds on osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) was investigated in vitro. hMSCs were seeded on GEL (type A gelatin) and GEL containing 10 wt% hydroxyapatite (GEL‐HA) and cultured in osteogenic medium. Results showed that GEL and GEL‐HA10 sustained hMSC differentiation, with an increased ALP activity and a higher expression of bone specific genes. The osteoinductive ability of these scaffolds was then studied in vivo in a heterotopic bone formation model in nude mice. The influence of hMSCs within the implants was examined as well. Both GEL and GEL‐HA10 scaffolds mineralized when implanted without hMSCs. On the contrary, the presence of hMSC abolished or reduced mineralization of GEL and GEL‐HA10 scaffolds. However, we could observe a species‐specific response to the presence of HA, which stimulated osteogenic differentiation of human cells only. In conclusion, the scaffolds showed promising osteoinductive properties and may be suitable for use in confined critical defects. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 914–923, 2018.
Microwave Assisted Synthesis and Antimicrobial Potential of Quinoline‐Based 4‐Hydrazide‐Hydrazone Derivatives
Authors: Ajani Olayinka O. , Iyaye King T. , Audu Oluwatosin Y. , Olorunshola Shade J. , Kuye Alice O. , Olanrewaju Ifedolapo O. 
Published: November 2017

Quinoline is a benzo‐fused pyridine which is a therapeutically important heterocycle in medicinal chemistry research and new drug development. A series of 12 new hydrazide‐hydrazone motifs bearing quinoline core 4a–l was successfully synthesized by microwave irradiation technique. The synthesis involved four steps strategies which was initiated by ring‐opening synthetic modification of isatin to quinoline‐4‐carboxylic acid through Pfitzinger approach. The structure of the reactive intermediates 1, 2, and 3 as well as the targeted quinoline 4a–l were confirmed by the result of physicochemical parameters and spectroscopic means which include FTIR, UV, 1H and 13C NMR as well as DEPT 135 NMR. The in vitro antimicrobial screening of the targeted hydrazide‐hydrazones 4a–l alongside with gentamicin (clinical standard) against six microorganisms was determined using agar diffusion. The result from the MIC test showed that this series of hydrazide‐hydrazones exhibited remarkable efficacy as antimicrobial agents with 4e being the most active antibacterial agent with MIC value ranging from 3.13 to 0.39 μg/mL on the six organisms tested.
Translocation of Precision Polymers through Biological Nanopores
Authors: Boukhet Mordjane , König Niklas Felix , Ouahabi Abdelaziz Al , Baaken Gerhard , Lutz Jean‐François , Behrends Jan C. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractNanopore analysis, which is, currently, chiefly used for DNA sequencing, is also an appealing technique for characterizing abiotic polymers. As a first step toward this goal, nanopore detection of non‐natural monodispersed poly(phosphodiester)s as candidate backbone structures is reported herein. Two model homopolymers containing phosphopropyl repeat units (i.e., 56 or 104 r.u.) and a short thymidine nucleotide sequence are analyzed in the present work. They are tested in two different biological nanopores, α‐hemolysin from Staphylococcus aureus, and aerolysin from Aeromonas hydrophila. These recordings are performed in aqueous medium at different KCl concentrations and various driving voltages. The data show a complex interaction with evidence for voltage dependence and threading, and underline the influence of the molecular structure and orientation of the precision poly(phosphodiester)s on the observed residual current signal as well as on the translocation dynamics. In particular, they suggest a dominant entropic contribution due to the high flexibility of the phosphodiester homopolymer.
Development of localized damaging wind gusts associated with a frontal wave and mesoscale vortex across south Wales on 18 May 2015
Authors: Young Martin V. , Clark Matthew R. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTOn 18 May 2015 there were reports of localized wind damage just north of Swansea in south Wales. Observations indicated the development of a mesoscale cyclonic circulation at the tip of a frontal wave which first formed just west of south Wales. This mesoscale circulation subsequently ran eastwards across south Wales around the time of the reported damage, accompanied by gale force gusts on its southern flank. The resulting system then evolved into a pronounced shallow cold frontal zone that propagated eastwards into southern England over the next few hours, bringing further gale force gusts. Observational data, including Doppler radar and 1 min surface observations, are combined to investigate the causes of this mesoscale circulation and synthesize the results into a conceptual model. The mesoscale development was found to share some of the characteristics of larger scale cyclonic systems that sometimes produce more widespread and sometimes severe wind‐related impacts. Recognition of the precursor synoptic environment may enable identification of similar features which, combined with Doppler radar data, may assist nowcasting of small areas of damaging winds.
Response of Red Blood Cell Folate to Supplementation in Nonpregnant Women is Predictable: A Proposal for Personalized Supplementation
Authors: Obeid Rima , Schön Christiane , Wilhelm Manfred , Shrestha Rajiv P. , Pilz Stefan , Pietrzik Klaus 
Published: November 2017

ScopeWe modeled red blood cell (RBC)‐folate response to supplementation and developed personalized folate supplementation concepts.Methods and resultsThe changes of RBC‐folate were modeled in a time‐ (4 or 8 weeks) and dose‐ (400 or 800 μg d−1 folate) dependent manner. Post‐supplementation RBC‐folate levels were predicted from folate‐loading capacities (= measured RBC‐folate – [baseline RBC‐folate × RBC‐survival]). The prediction equations were validated in 119 participants. The median increase of RBC‐folate was higher in the 800 μg d−1 than in the 400 μg d−1 group (275 vs 169 nmol L−1 after 4 weeks, and 551 vs 346 nmol L−1 after 8 weeks). Medians (interquartile range) of RBC‐folate loading were (4 weeks: 299 (160) vs 409 (237) nmol L−1) and (8 weeks: 630 (134) versus 795 (187) nmol L−1) in the 400 and 800 μg d−1 group, respectively. The individual measured and predicted RBC‐folate values (after 4 weeks/400 μg d−1 = 25 + 1.27 × baseline RBC‐folate) and (after 4 weeks/800 μg d−1 = 65 + 1.41 × baseline RBC‐folate) did not differ significantly. The measured and predicted concentrations showed high agreement in the validation cohort.ConclusionsThe models can guide nutritional recommendations in women when baseline RBC‐folate concentrations are measured and the time to pregnancy between 4 and 8 weeks.
Impact of volumetric muscle loss injury on persistent motoneuron axotomy
Authors: Corona Benjamin T. , Flanagan Kate E. , Brininger Christian M. , Goldman Stephen M. , Call Jarrod A. , Greising Sarah M. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTIntroductionVolumetric muscle loss (VML) occurs following significant traumatic injury or surgical removal of skeletal muscle, resulting in nonrecoverable loss of tissue and long‐term dysfunction. Perhaps less recognized is that VML injuries inherently disrupt the neuromuscular unit, resulting in fiber denervation and presumptive motor unit rearrangement, expansion, and/or loss. To characterize neural dysfunction we quantified motoneuron axotomy, in efforts to understand how this relates to the temporal coordination of neuromuscular and morphological alterations due to injury.MethodsIn an established rat tibialis anterior (TA) VML injury model, we examined the motoneuron, skeletal muscle, and maximal isometric torque at 3, 7, 14, and 21 days postinjury.ResultsSignificant axotomy of 57–79% of all TA muscle motoneurons was observed through 21 days postinjury, which was coupled with a 45–90% TA maximal torque deficit.DiscussionA ∼20% partial ablation of the TA muscle causes disproportionate damage across the motor unit acutely postinjury. Muscle Nerve 57: 799–807, 2018
Performance feedback as a cooperation “switch”: A behavioral perspective on the success of venture capital syndicates among competitors
Authors: Makarevich Alex 
Published: November 2017

Research Summary: This study draws on the performance feedback theory to advance a behavioral perspective on the dynamics of cooperation among competitors in venture capital (VC) syndicates. Analyzing VC syndicates over a 33‐year period, I find that firms’ performance relative to historical and social aspirations acts as a switch in firms’ behavior with respect to dual goals of cooperation and competition in syndicates with competitors. Competition among firms in a syndicate negatively affects the probability of an IPO, but syndicates composed of firms underperforming their aspirations have a better chance of an IPO than syndicates of firms outperforming their aspirations, ceteris paribus. This effect is stronger when firms’ goals in a syndicate are symmetrical or when firms’ motivations based on both historical and social aspirations are aligned.
Managerial Summary: Competition among VC syndicate members negatively affects a syndicate’s prospects of achieving an IPO because syndicate members hold back resources for fear of their appropriation by competing partners. However, firms underperforming their track record or peer firms shift their priorities toward syndicate success and allocate more resources to their syndicates, thereby reducing the negative effect of competition. These results suggest that start‐up companies seeking VC investors, VC firms seeking co‐investors, and limited partners providing funds to VC firms all need to look beyond the capabilities of VC firms in a syndicate or their complementarity and also consider firms’ relative performance. VC syndicates comprised of firms striving to correct temporary underperformance are likely to show superior results due to those firms’ added motivation.