bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mutation accumulation under UV radiation in Escherichia coli
Authors: Shibai Atsushi , Takahashi Yusuke , Ishizawa Yuka , Motooka Daisuke , Nakamura Shota , Ying Bei-Wen , Tsuru Saburo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMutations are induced by not only intrinsic factors such as inherent molecular errors but also by extrinsic mutagenic factors such as UV radiation. Therefore, identifying the mutational properties for both factors is necessary to achieve a comprehensive understanding of evolutionary processes both in nature and in artificial situations. Although there have been extensive studies on intrinsic factors, the mutational profiles of extrinsic factors are poorly understood on a genomic scale. Here, we explored the mutation profiles of UV radiation, a ubiquitous mutagen, in Escherichia coli on the genomic scale. We performed an evolution experiment under periodic UV radiation for 28 days. The accumulation speed of the mutations was found to increase so that it exceeded that of a typical mutator strain with deficient mismatch repair processes. The huge contribution of the extrinsic factors to all mutations consequently increased the risk of the destruction of inherent error correction systems. The spectrum of the UV-induced mutations was broader than that of the spontaneous mutations in the mutator. The broad spectrum and high upper limit of the frequency of occurrence suggested ubiquitous roles for UV radiation in accelerating the evolutionary process.
Energy saving estimation in distribution network with smart grid‐enabled CVR and solar PV inverter
Authors: Singh Shailendra , Singh Shiv P. 
Published: October 2017

Estimation of energy savings in distribution network through smart grid‐enabled conservation of voltage reduction (CVR) approach has been investigated in this study. To achieve higher‐energy savings, CVR operation has been carried out with deeper voltage reduction in association with photovoltaic (PV) system while keeping the node voltages within acceptable limits. The additional reactive power support has been injected by PV inverters. The injected reactive power has been controlled by droop characteristics method. Besides, the moving cloud transient effect has been incorporated in PV power output. To evaluate the energy savings, the volt‐VAR control operation has been carried out in three different modes such as without CVR, only CVR, and CVR with PV system on the modified unbalanced IEEE 123 node test system. The test system and control algorithms have been developed and simulated in open distribution system simulator interfaced with MATLAB. From simulation results, it has been demonstrated that higher‐energy savings and peak load demand reduction can be achieved through smart grid‐enabled CVR and PV system in comparison with the only CVR with proper voltage regulation.
Improved side information generation algorithm based on naive Bayesian theory for distributed video coding
Authors: Cao Ying , Sun Lijuan , Han Chong , Guo Jian 
Published: October 2017

In Wyner–Ziv (WZ) video coding, side information (SI), which is a decoder estimation of the original frame, plays a key role in overall compression performance. Many researchers have focused on SI in the past decade to develop efficient SI generation algorithms. In this study, the authors propose an algorithm combined with naive Bayesian theory to create a generic model that can complete the generation of SI in the WZ video coding framework. The proposed scheme first utilises samples to build the initial model, after which the algorithm filters the samples and models according to the threshold . Then, the algorithm takes the filtered samples and models as conditions to build the generic model. Finally, the proposed scheme completes the generation of SI with the motion vectors obtained from the generated model. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves better rate‐distortion performance and improves peak signal‐to‐noise ratio by up to 0.5 and 2 dB compared with state‐of‐the‐art techniques.
Metrological intercomparison of six terrestrial laser scanning systems
Authors: González‐Jorge Higinio , Rodríguez‐Gonzálvez Pablo , Shen Yueqian , Lagüela Susana , Díaz‐Vilariño Lucía , Lindenbergh Roderik , González‐Aguilera Diego , Arias Pedro 
Published: October 2017

Intercomparison among six terrestrial laser scanner systems focused on the measurement of small elements ( < 0.5 m) is performed. Phase shift (PS) and time of flight (ToF) scanners are considered. Two standard artefacts containing three‐dimensional printing spheres and steps of variable height are used for the experiment. Results show errors between −4.5 and 3.5 mm in the measurement of distances between step planes. The most stable systems for measuring small elements seem the Leica C10, Faro Photon and Riegl LMS Z390i. The quality of the results is linked to the overall quality of the system rather than the specific technology used for range measurement (PS or ToF) which does not appear to be a determining factor.
Subcutaneous Panniculitis-Like T-Cell Lymphoma Presenting as a Local Inflammation of a Thigh in an 8-Month-Old Child
Authors: Gizewska-Kacprzak Kaja , Karpinska-Kaczmarczyk Katarzyna , Ociepa Tomasz 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDuring infancy, skin inflammation is usually treated in basic pediatric care. In this study, we present a case of an 8-month-old girl with a 2-month history of an inflammation of the thigh treated locally by ointments and oral antibiotics in basic and dermatological care. The patient had a history of fever, sweating, and failure to thrive. The lactate dehydrogenase was elevated up to 869 U/L with low C-reactive protein (1.04 mg/L). Magnetic resonance imaging of the thigh reassured the diagnosis of local inflammation. Intravenous antibiotic caused mild local improvement, but the episodes of high fever sustained. The patient was transferred to our pediatric surgery department for treatment and surgical biopsy of the lesion. Histopathological examination confirmed a subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma, which is a rare cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma representing less than 1% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas, uncommon in children. The patient was introduced to a chemotherapy protocol EURO-LB 2002 with good response. In a skin lesion that is associated with systemic symptoms and responding untypically to antibiotic treatment malignancy should be considered and biopsy not be postponed.
Safety and Feasibility of Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain at 1.5 Tesla in Patients with Temporary Transmyocardial Pacing Leads
Authors: Homsi Rami , Mellert Fritz , Luechinger Roger , Thomas Daniel , Doerner Jonas , Luetkens Julian , Schild Hans , Naehle Claas 
Published: October 2017

Background Temporary transmyocardial pacing leads (TTPLs) represent an absolute contraindication to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of MRI at 1.5 Tesla (T) using a transmit/receive (T/R) head coil in patients with TTPL.
Methods TTPLs (220 cm, Osypka TME, Dr. Osypka GmbH, Rheinfelden, Germany) were implanted in a phantom and exposed to conditions of a 1.5 T brain examination using a T/R head coil. Temperature changes at the lead tip were continuously recorded. A total of 28 patients with TTPL and an urgent indication for a brain MRI underwent MRI at 1.5 T with vital sign monitoring. A T/R head coil was used to minimize radiofrequency exposure of the TTPL. Before and immediately after the MRI scan, TTPL lead impedance, pacing capture threshold (PCT), signal slope, and sensing were measured. Serum troponin I was determined before and after MRI to detect thermal myocardial injury.
Results In vitro, the maximum temperature increase from radiofrequency-induced heating of the TTPL tip was < 1°C. In vivo, no complications, such as heating sensations, dizziness, unexpected changes in heart rate or rhythm, or other unusual signs or symptoms were observed. No significant changes in the lead impedance, PCT, signal slope, or sensing were recorded. There were no increases of serum troponin I after the MRI examination.
Conclusions MRI of the brain may be performed safely at 1.5 T using a T/R head coil in case of an urgent clinical need in patients with TTPL and may be considered a feasible and safe procedure when appropriate precautionary measures are taken.
Using Reports of Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Young Children to Identify Tuberculosis Transmission in New York City, 2006–2012
Authors: Slutsker Jennifer Sanderson , Trieu Lisa , Crossa Aldo , Ahuja Shama Desai 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe presence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in young children indicates recent tuberculosis (TB) transmission. We reviewed surveillance reports of children with LTBI to assess whether more follow-up is needed to prevent TB in this high-risk population. Data on all children under 5 years of age who were reported by health-care providers or laboratories to the New York City Department of Health during 2006–2012 were abstracted from the TB surveillance and case management system, and those with LTBI were identified. Potential source cases, defined as any infectious TB case diagnosed in the 2 years before a child was reported and whose residence was within 0.5 miles (0.8 km) of the child’s residence, were identified. Neighborhood risk factors for TB transmission were examined. Among 3,511 reports of children under age 5 years, 1,722 (49%) had LTBI. The children were aged 2.9 years, on average, and most (64%) had been born in the United States. A potential source case was identified for 92% of the children; 27 children lived in the same building as a TB patient. Children with potential source cases were more likely to reside in neighborhoods with high TB incidence, poverty, and population density. The high proportion of children born in the United States and the young average age of the cases imply that undetected TB transmission occurred. Monitoring reports could be used to identify places where transmission occurred, and additional investigation is needed to prevent TB disease.
Fluid dynamics in heart development: effects of hematocrit and trabeculation
Authors: Battista Nicholas A , Lane Andrea N , Liu Jiandong , Miller Laura A 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRecent in vivo experiments have illustrated the importance of understanding the haemodynamics of heart morphogenesis. In particular, ventricular trabeculation is governed by a delicate interaction between haemodynamic forces, myocardial activity, and morphogen gradients, all of which are coupled to genetic regulatory networks. The underlying haemodynamics at the stage of development in which the trabeculae form is particularly complex, given the balance between inertial and viscous forces. Small perturbations in the geometry, scale, and steadiness of the flow can lead to changes in the overall flow structures and chemical morphogen gradients, including the local direction of flow, the transport of morphogens, and the formation of vortices. The immersed boundary method was used to solve the two-dimensional fluid-structure interaction problem of fluid flow moving through a two chambered heart of a zebrafish (Danio rerio), with a trabeculated ventricle, at 96 hours post fertilization (hpf). Trabeculae heights and hematocrit were varied, and simulations were conducted for two orders of magnitude of Womersley number, extending beyond the biologically relevant range (0.2–12.0). Both intracardial and intertrabecular vortices formed in the ventricle for biologically relevant parameter values. The bifurcation from smooth streaming flow to vortical flow depends upon the trabeculae geometry, hematocrit, and Womersley number, $Wo$. This work shows the importance of hematocrit and geometry in determining the bulk flow patterns in the heart at this stage of development.
Bismuth Subgallate Toxicity in the Age of Online Supplement Use
Authors: Sampognaro Paul , Vo Kathy T. , Richie Megan , Blanc Paul D. , Keenan Kevin 
Published: October 2017

Introduction:
Bismuth salts have been used to treat gastroenterological disorders and are readily available over-the-counter and via the internet. Even though generally considered safe, bismuth compounds can cause a syndrome of subacute, progressive encephalopathy when taken in large quantities.

Case Report:
We present the case of woman who developed progressive encephalopathy, aphasia, myoclonus, and gait instability after chronically ingesting large amounts of bismuth subgallate purchased from a major online marketing website to control symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. After extensive neurological work-up, elevated bismuth levels in her blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid confirmed the diagnosis of bismuth-related neurotoxicity. She improved slowly following cessation of exposure.

Conclusion:
This case highlights bismuth subgallate as a neurotoxic bismuth formulation and reminds providers of the potential for safety misconceptions of positively reviewed online supplements.
Thrombolytic Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients Not Fulfilling Conventional Criteria
Authors: Chi Man Sum , Chan Lok Yiu 
Published: October 2017

Introduction:
There are many exclusion criteria in early randomized control trials for intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator use in acute ischemic stroke, thus, many patients were not eligible for the treatment.

Objective:
This study aimed to compare the safety and short-term treatment outcome between those who fulfilled the criteria and those who did not.

Methods:
All acute ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis from 2004 to 2015 in Tuen Mun hospital were recruited. They were divided into an on-label group if they did not have any of the contraindications and an off-label group if contraindication existed. Primary outcome of symptomatic hemorrhage, and secondary outcome of early neurological change, 3-month mortality and functional outcome were measured. Multivariate analysis with logistic regression with adjustment of baseline characteristics was done.

Results:
Totally, 323 patients received intravenous thrombolysis and 162 (50.2%) had at least one contraindication. None of the contraindications were associated with symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. Patients with previous stroke and diabetes mellitus performed similarly in all outcome measures. Patients with minor stroke had less early neurological deterioration and better functional outcome. Old age and high blood pressure were shown to have less early neurological improvement and less good functional outcome. Severe stroke was related to increased mortality and none had a good functional outcome.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrated that the off-label group had comparable symptomatic intracranial hemorrhagic risk which gave ground for further study into its safety. However, some subgroups had less favorable outcome, including high blood pressure, severe stroke, and old age. This may be due to underlying comorbidities and limited rehabilitation potential rather than thrombolysis per se.
Longitudinal Analysis of Particulate Air Pollutants and Adolescent Delinquent Behavior in Southern California
Authors: Younan Diana , Tuvblad Catherine , Franklin Meredith , Lurmann Fred , Li Lianfa , Wu Jun , Berhane Kiros , Baker Laura A. , Chen Jiu-Chiuan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAnimal experiments and cross-sectional human studies have linked particulate matter (PM) with increased behavioral problems. We conducted a longitudinal study to examine whether the trajectories of delinquent behavior are affected by PM2.5(PM with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 m) exposures before and during adolescence. We used the parent-reported Child Behavior Checklist at age 9-18 with repeated measures every ~2-3 years (up to 4 behavioral assessments) on 682 children from the Risk Factors for Antisocial Behavior Study conducted in a multi-ethnic cohort of twins born in 1990-1995. Based on prospectively-collected residential addresses and a spatiotemporal model of ambient air concentrations in Southern California, monthly PM2.5estimates were aggregated to represent long-term (1-, 2-, 3-year average) exposures preceding baseline and cumulative average exposure until the last assessment. Multilevel mixed-effects models were used to examine the association between PM2.5exposure and individual trajectories of delinquent behavior, adjusting for within-family/within-individual correlations and potential confounders. We also examined whether psychosocial factors modified this association. The results suggest that PM2.5exposure at baseline and cumulative exposure during follow-up was significantly associated (p<0.05) with increased delinquent behavior. The estimated effect sizes (per interquartile increase of PM2.5by 3.12-5.18 µg/m3) were equivalent to the difference in delinquency scores between adolescents who are 3.5-4 years apart in age. The adverse effect was stronger in families with unfavorable parent-to-child relationships, increased parental stress or maternal depressive symptoms. Overall, these findings suggest long-term PM2.5exposure may increase delinquent behavior of urban-dwelling adolescents, with the resulting neurotoxic effect aggravated by psychosocial adversities.
A modeling of a Diphtheria epidemic in the refugees camps
Authors: Torrea María , Torrea José Luis , Ortega Daniel 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundDiphtheria has a big mortality rate. Vaccination practically eradicated it in industrialized countries. A decrease in vaccine coverage and public health deterioration cause a reemergence in the Soviet Union in 1990. These circumstances seem to be being reproduced in refugee camps with a potential risk of new outbreak.MethodsWe constructed a mathematical model that describes the evolution of the Soviet Union epidemic outbreak. We use it to evaluate how the epidemic would be modified by changing the rate of vaccination, and improving public health conditions.ResultsWe observe that a small decrease of 15% in vaccine coverage, translates an ascent of 47% in infected people. A coverage increase of 15% and 25% decreases a 44% and 66% respectively of infected people. Just improving health care measures a 5%, infected people decreases a 11.31%. Combining high coverage with public health measures produces a bigger reduction in the amount of infected people compare to amelioration of coverage rate or health measures alone.ConclusionsOur model estimates the evolution of a diphtheria epidemic outbreak. Small increases in vaccination rates and in public health measures can translate into large differences in the evolution of a possible epidemic. These estimates can be helpful in socioeconomic instability, to prevent and control a disease spread.
Sensory Detection of Aversive and Appetitive Stimuli by CRF neurons
Authors: Kim Jineun , Fang Yi-Ya , Bhat Shreelatha , Shin Anna , Hashikawa Koichi , Kim Daesoo , Sohn Jong-woo , Lin Dayu , Suh Greg S. B. 
Published: October 2017

SUMMARYCorticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), which is released from the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, is essential for mediating stress response by activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. CRF-releasing PVN neurons receive inputs from multiple brain regions that convey stressful events, but their rapid neuronal dynamics on the timescale of behavior remain unknown. Here, our optical recordings of PVN CRF neuronal activity in freely behaving mice revealed that PVN CRF neurons are activated immediately by a range of stress-inducing aversive stimuli, including predator odor. By contrast, CRF neuronal activity starts to drop within a second of exposure to appetitive stimuli, such as food. These findings suggest that PVN CRF neurons receive real-time information about aversive and appetitive stimuli. Their role in mediating the sensory detection and regulating the neuroendocrine axis resembles those of AgRP/NPY neurons and SFO neurons that regulate neurophysiology responses and mediate sensory detection of food and water.
Beyond Bilingualism: multilingual experience correlates with caudate volume
Authors: Hervais-Adelman Alexis , Egorova Natalia , Golestani Narly 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe multilingual brain implements mechanisms that serve to select the appropriate language as a function of the communicative environment. Engaging these mechanisms on a regular basis appears to have consequences for brain structure and function. Studies have implicated the caudate nuclei as important nodes in polyglot language control processes, and have also shown structural differences in the caudate nuclei in bilingual compared to monolingual populations. However, the majority of published work has focused on the categorical differences between monolingual and bilingual individuals, and little is known about whether these findings extend to multilingual individuals, who have even greater language control demands. In the present paper, we present an analysis of the volume and morphology of the caudate nuclei, putamen, pallidum and thalami in 75 multilingual individuals who speak three or more languages. Volumetric analyses revealed a significant relationship between multilingual experience and right caudate volume, as well as a marginally-significant relationship with left caudate volume. Vertex-wise analyses revealed a significant enlargement of dorsal and anterior portions of the left caudate nucleus, known to have connectivity with executive brain regions, as a function of multilingual expertise. These results suggest that multilingual expertise might exercise a continuous impact on brain structure, and that as additional languages beyond a second are acquired, the additional demands for linguistic and cognitive control result in modifications to brain structures associated with language management processes.
Multi-modal brain fingerprinting: a manifold approximation based framework
Authors: Kumar Kuldeep , Chauvin Laurent , Toews Matthew , Colliot Olivier , Desrosiers Christian 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis work presents an efficient framework, based on manifold approximation, for generating brain fingerprints from multi-modal data. The proposed framework represents images as bags of local features, which are used to build a subject proximity graph. Compact fingerprints are obtained by projecting this graph in a low-dimensional manifold, using spectral embedding. Experiments using the T1/T2-weighted MRI, diffusion MRI, and resting state fMRI data of 945 Human Connectome Project subjects demonstrate the benefit of combining multiple modalities, with multi-modal fingerprints more discriminative than those generated from individual modalities. Results also highlight the link between fingerprint similarity and genetic proximity, monozygotic twins having more similar fingerprints than dizygotic or non-twin siblings. This link is also reflected in the differences of feature correspondences between twin/sibling pairs, occurring in major brain structures and across hemispheres. The robustness of the proposed framework to factors like image alignment and scan resolution, as well as the reproducibility of results on retest scans, suggest the potential of multi-modal brain fingerprinting for characterizing individuals in a large cohort analysis. In addition, taking inspiration from the computer vision community, the proposed rank retrieval evaluation based on the task of twin/sibling identification and using Mean Average Precision (MAP) can be used for a standardized comparison of future brain fingerprints.