bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the Applicability of Blast Modelling and Advice
Authors: Williams Donald S. 
Published: November 2015

Architects, construction companies, engineers, owners and occupants seek guidance from providers of protective structure advice to develop a safe and secure built environment. The advice sought forms the basis for practical application of designs to minimise loss of life, assets and functions. This paper considers how advice based on the modelling of explosive effects is provided, specifically in relation to improvised explosive devices. Experience gained through reviewing protective structure advice indicates that, on occasion, the advice proffered does not assist the client and may be detrimental to the client's intentions. The advice may address what the client requested but not what was wanted or needed. The usefulness and hence value of the advice is related to: the specifics of the request, consideration of the client's broader built and operating environments, and limitations of the provider's perspective. This observation paper seeks to identify how the provision of protective structure advice can better assist the client in making effective decisions relating to the protection of structures.
Validating the use of Medicare Australia billing data to examine trends in skin cancer
Authors: Perera Eshini , Gnaneswaran Neiraja , Perera Marlon , Sinclair Rodney 
Published: November 2015

Background: Epidemiological data surrounding non-melanomatous skin cancer (NMSC) is highly variable, in part due to the lack of government cancer registries. Several studies employ the use of Medical Australia (MA) rebate data in assessing such trends, the validity of which has not been studied in the past. Conversely, melanoma skin cancer is a notifiable disease, and thus, MA and cancer registry data is readily available. The aim of the current study is to assess the use of MA for epidemiological measures for skin cancers, by using melanoma as a disease sample.Methods: Following ethics approval, data from MA and Victorian Cancer Registry (VCR) from 2004-2008 were extracted. Incidence of MA and VCR unique melanoma cases were compared and stratified by age and local government area (LGA). Regression and a paired-samples t-test were performed.Results:During the study period; 15,150 and 13,886 unique melanoma patients were identified through VCR and MA data sources respectively. An outlier in the >80­ year age group was noted between MA and VCR data. When stratified by age, significant correlation between MA and VCR was observed for all patients (gradient 0.91,R²= 0.936) and following exclusion of >80 patients (gradient 0.96,R²= 0.995). When stratified by LGA, a high degree of observation was observed for all patients (gradient 0.94,R²= 0.977) and following exclusion of >80 patients (gradient 0.996,R²= 0.975).Conclusion:Despite the inclusion of outlier data groups, acceptable correlation between MA and VCR melanoma data was observed, suggesting that MA may be suitable for assessing epidemiological trends. Such principals may be used to validate the use of MA data for similar calculations assessing NMSC trends.
Methods of Preventing Deviant Behavior Among Adolescents in Secondary School
Authors: Кандугашева  , Kandugasheva Irina 
Published: November 2015

This paper examines the main methods of preventing
deviant behavior among adolescents. We analyze the possibility of
its implementation in the activities of secondary school and Highlight
the effectiveness of an integrated approach to solving the problem,
i.e. involvement of all actors of this process: teachers, psychologists,
social workers, deviant adolescents and their parents.
The Determinants of Bank Mergers: A Revealed Preference Analysis
Authors: Akkus Oktay , Cookson J. Anthony , Hortaçsu Ali 
Published: November 2015

We provide new estimates of merger value creation by exploiting revealed preferences of merging banks within a matching market framework. We find that merger value arises from cost efficiencies in overlapping markets, relaxing of regulation, and network effects exhibited by the acquirer-target matching. Beyond our findings, the revealed preference method has notable advantages that warrant its application beyond the bank merger market. Notably, we show that the method outperforms reduced form alternatives out of sample, enables sensible counterfactual experiments, and can be used to evaluate private-to-private mergers, which have been understudied because of lack of stock market data. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2245 . This paper was accepted by Amit Seru, finance.
CONFLITOS E TRAUMAS NO RENASCIMENTO EM PORTUGAL
Authors: Soares Nair Castro 
Published: November 2015

Num século em que a abertura à modernidade trouxe um ardor renovado pelos ideais da Antiguidade Clássica, assimilados aos valores do Cristianismo – raízes da Civilização do Ocidental –,consuma-se a perda de Constantinopla e assiste-se ao crescente domínio turco e à defesa concertada contra o seu avanço; à grande gesta dos Descobrimentos, com as inevitáveis guerras de conquista; à Reforma protestante e às guerras de religião, qual Hidra de Lerna, no dizer de Erasmo; aos conflitos armados entre príncipes cristãos, que Camões interpela no Canto VII de Os Lusíadas.A Reforma de Lutero, Calvino, Henrique VIII fragmentaram a inconsútil túnica de Cristo e puseram fim à unidade da Respublica Christiana, que se tornou em Ocidente dos Estados. Marcantes nesta época foram o pragmatismo político de Maquiavel; o papel da ciência juridica, na definição do direito internacional e do direito dos povos.Em Portugal, muitos foram os conflitos decorrentes da política de expansão e da acção dos sucessivos monarcas, desde os inícios da Segunda Dinastia ao reinado de D. Sebastião: exílios, perseguições, sobretudo a partir da introdução da Inquisição (1536), desastres naturais e, enfim, a perda da independência, a marcar o ocaso do Século de Ouro.
Right = Left ? The concepts of “right-left” and brain asymmetry<p>Sağ = Sol ? “Sağ-sol” kavramları ve beyin asimetrisi
Authors: Gülbetekin Evrim 
Published: November 2015

<p>Although “right” and “left” are neutral words those describe directions, they have some positive and negative meanings in cultural contexts. Attributing positive meanings for right and negative meanings for left is observed in different cultures, languages and belief systems including Turkish culture. In the presented study, Turkish words, sayings and phrasses including right, left and right-left together were examined according to their meanings (positive, negative, neutral) by referencing Turkish Language Instituion. It was observed that the word “right” had 15 positive meanings and the word “left” had no positive meanings. On the other hand, it was found that the word “right” had no negative meanings and “left” had four negative meanings and there were eight negative meanings including the words “left” and “right” together. The predisposition of attributing positive/negative meanings to right and left is discussed in a neuroscientific perspective and it is assessed in the context of two hemispheric specializations in the brain: 1. Motor asymmetries and handedness 2. Emotions and Valence Hypothesis. Generally, attributing positive meanings for right and negative meanings for left seems to be related to human physiological system, structural and functional brain asymmetries and dependently human cognition and comprehension.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Sağ ve sol kavramları ilk anlamları itibariyle yön belirten nötr sözcükler olmasına rağmen kültürel bağlamda bu sözcüklerin olumlu ve olumsuz anlamlara sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Sağa olumlu, sola olumsuz anlam atfetme Türk kültürü de dahil olmak üzere farklı kültürlerde, dillerde ve inanç sistemleri içerisinde gözlenmektedir. Sunulan makalede Türk Dil Kurumu referans alınarak sağ, sol ve sağ ile solun birlikte kullanıldığı sözcük, birleşik sözcük, deyim ve atasözleri içerdikleri olumlu, olumsuz ve nötr anlamlara göre gruplandırılmıştır. Buna göre Türk Dilinde “sağ” sözcüğüne ilişkin 15 olumlu anlamın olduğu, buna karşın “sol” sözcüğüne ilişkin hiçbir olumlu anlamın olmadığı gözlenmiştir. Öte yandan, “sağ” sözcüğüne ilişkin hiçbir olumsuz anlamın olmadığı, “sol”sözcüğüne ilişkin dört ve “sol” ile “sağın” birlikte kullanıldığı sekiz olumsuz anlamın olduğu bulunmuştur. Sunulan makalede insanların sağa ve sola olumlu/olumsuz anlam atfetme eğilimi nörobilim bakış açısından ele alınarak beyinde yer alan iki hemisferik özelleşme temelinde değerlendirilmiştir: 1. Motor Asimetriler ve El Kullanımı 2. Duygular ve Değerlik Hipotezi. Genel olarak sağa olumlu, sola olumsuz anlamlar atfetmek insanın fizyolojik sistemiyle, yapısal ve işlevsel beyin asimetrileriyle ve buna bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan insan bilişi ve kavrayışı ile ilgili gibi görünmektedir.</p>
Examining multi-level effects on corporate social responsibility and irresponsibility
Authors: Mazzei Matthew J. , Gangloff Ashley K. , Shook Christoper L. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWhat influences firms to engage in socially responsible (irresponsible) activities? Corporate social responsibility (CSR), the efforts of firms to create a positive and desirable impact on society, and corporate social irresponsibility (CSI), contrary actions of unethical behavior that negatively influence society, have become an important focus of discussion for both corporations and scholars. Despite this interest, our understanding of organizations’ socially responsible (irresponsible) actions and their antecedents is still developing. A dearth of knowledge about the multi-level nature of the drivers of CSR and CSI continues to exist. Utilizing a longitudinal sample composed of 899 firms in 66 industries, we follow a prominent model to empirically examine industry-, firm-, and individual-level effects on CSR and CSI. Employing variance decomposition analysis, our results confirm that all three levels of investigation do indeed influence CSR and CSI. More substantively, our analysis estimates the magnitude of the effects attributable to each of the three levels for both CSR and CSI. We also compare multi-level influences on two separate CSR strategies, those targeting primary stakeholders (strategic CSR) and those targeting secondary stakeholders (social CSR). We find greater industry- and firmlevel effects on social CSR, and higher individual-level effects on strategic CSR. Our results build on the conceptual work of previous authors by providing empirical analyses to confirm multilevel influences on CSR and extending prior multi-level theory to the concept of CSI. Further, we add to the emerging literature regarding stakeholder demands by examining the various influences on CSR strategies targeting different stakeholder groups.
Convergence of Legal Rules: Comparing Cooperative and Non-Cooperative Processes
Authors: Crettez Bertrand , Deffains Bruno , Musy Olivier 
Published: November 2015

AbstractLegal scholars distinguish two modes of international legal cooperation: minimum legal harmonization and full harmonization (i.e. legal unification). These cooperative choices imply more or less stringent requirements and are opposed to non cooperative, unilateral legal changes. This paper is an attempt to model these alternative modes of legal adjustments and to compare their properties regarding legal convergence. We show that all arrangements can lead to legal uniformity. We also show that decentralized processes can be better than more centralized arrangements.
ESCRT-Dependent Cell Death in a Caenorhabditis elegans Model of the Lysosomal Storage Disorder Mucolipidosis Type IV
Authors: Huynh Julie M , Dang Hope , Munoz-Tucker Isabel A , O’Ketch Marvin , Liu Ian T , Perno Savannah , Bhuyan Natasha , Crain Allison , Borbon Ivan , Fares Hanna 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Mutations in MCOLN1, which encodes the cation channel protein TRPML1, result in the neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder Mucolipidosis type IV. Mucolipidosis type IV patients show lysosomal dysfunction in many tissues and neuronal cell death. The ortholog of TRPML1 in Caenorhabditis elegans is CUP-5; loss of CUP-5 results in lysosomal dysfunction in many tissues and death of developing intestinal cells that results in embryonic lethality. We previously showed that a null mutation in the ATP-Binding Cassette transporter MRP-4 rescues the lysosomal defect and embryonic lethality of cup-5(null) worms. Here we show that reducing levels of the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT)-associated proteins DID-2, USP-50, and ALX-1/EGO-2, which mediate the final de-ubiquitination step of integral membrane proteins being sequestered into late endosomes, also almost fully suppresses cup-5(null) mutant lysosomal defects and embryonic lethality. Indeed, we show that MRP-4 protein is hypo-ubiquitinated in the absence of CUP-5 and that reducing levels of ESCRT-associated proteins suppresses this hypo-ubiquitination. Thus, increased ESCRT-associated de-ubiquitinating activity mediates the lysosomal defects and corresponding cell death phenotypes in the absence of CUP-5.
Accelerating Mutational Load Is Not Due to Synergistic Epistasis or Mutator Alleles in Mutation Accumulation Lines of Yeast
Authors: Jasmin Jean-Nicolas , Lenormand Thomas 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Much of our knowledge about the fitness effects of new mutations has been gained from mutation accumulation (MA) experiments. Yet the fitness effect of single mutations is rarely measured in MA experiments. This raises several issues, notably for inferring epistasis for fitness. The acceleration of fitness decline in MA lines has been taken as evidence for synergistic epistasis, but establishing the role of epistasis requires measuring the fitness of genotypes carrying known numbers of mutations. Otherwise, accelerating fitness loss could be explained by increased genetic mutation rates. Here we segregated mutations accumulated over 4800 generations in haploid and diploid MA lines of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We found no correspondence between an accelerated fitness decline and synergistic epistasis among deleterious mutations in haploid lines. Pairs of mutations showed no overall epistasis. Furthermore, several lines of evidence indicate that genetic mutation rates did not increase in the MA lines. Crucially, segregant fitness analyses revealed that MA accelerated in both haploid and diploid lines, even though the fitness of diploid lines was nearly constant during the MA experiment. This suggests that the accelerated fitness decline in haploids was caused by cryptic environmental factors that increased mutation rates in all lines during the last third of the lines’ transfers. In addition, we provide new estimates of deleterious mutation rates, including lethal mutations, and highlight that nearly all the mutational load we observed was due to one or two mutations having a large effect on fitness.
Food Allergy in Infants With Atopic Dermatitis: Limitations of Food-Specific IgE Measurements
Authors: Spergel Jonathan M. , Boguniewicz Mark , Schneider Lynda , Hanifin Jon M. , Paller Amy S. , Eichenfield Lawrence F. 
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Children with atopic dermatitis (AD) have a higher risk for development of food allergies. The objective of this study was to examine incidence of food allergy development in infants with AD and the predictive value of food-antigen–specific immunoglobulin E measurements.

METHODS:
This trial examined the long-term safety and efficacy of pimecrolimus cream 1% in &gt;1000 infants (3–18 months) with mild-to-severe AD without a history of food allergy. Food allergy development was followed throughout a 36-month randomized double-blind phase followed by an open-label (OL) phase up to 33 months. Additionally, sIgE for cow’s milk, egg white, peanut, wheat, seafood mix, and soybean was measured by ImmunoCAP at baseline, end of the double-blind phase, and end of OL phase.

RESULTS:
By the end of the OL phase, 15.9% of infants with AD developed at least 1 food allergy; allergy to peanut was most common (6.6%), followed by cow’s milk (4.3%) and egg white (3.9%). Seafood, soybean, and wheat allergies were rare. Levels of sIgE for milk, egg, and peanut increased with severity of AD, as determined by Investigator’s Global Assessment score. We assigned sIgE decision points for the 6 foods and tested their ability to predict definite food allergy in this population. Positive predictive values for published and newly developed sIgE decision points were low (&lt;0.6 for all values tested).

CONCLUSIONS:
In a large cohort of infants at risk for development of food allergy, sIgE levels were not clinically useful for predicting food allergy development.
Xylena czernilai Volynkin, 2011: New data on the distribution and description of female (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Volynkin Anton , Knyazevsity Svyatoslav 
Published: November 2015

A poorly-known noctuid species Xylena czernilai Volynkin, 2011 is recorded from North-West Altai and East Sayan (Russian Federation, Southern Siberia: Altai Territory and Buryatia Republic). The new locations proved its wide distribution in the mountains of Southern Siberia. The female of the species is described for the first time.
First record of Clay-colored Sparrow (Spizella pallida Swainson, 1832) (Aves: Emberizidae) in Costa Rica
Authors: Aguilar Steven , Sánchez Julio E. , Martínez Daniel 
Published: November 2015

We present the first record of the Clay-colored Sparrow (Spizella pallida) in Costa Rica. An adult bird was recorded ca. 900 Km south of its common wintering range. This represents the first record of the species for the country and for southern Central America.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Characterization of Nano-Graphite Oxide for Enzyme Free Detection of Cholesterol
Authors: Bhatia Vasuda , Singh Bhawana , Jain Vinod K. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTNano-graphite oxide has been synthesized from graphite flakes using modified Hummer’s method. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) data, x-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed functionalization of the synthesised nano-graphitic platelets with oxygenated bonds. Using thermal embedding technique for the fabrication of self-assembled films, electrodes of nano-graphite oxide have been fabricated for enzyme free detection of cholesterol electrochemically. The electrodes provided a linear response for the enzyme less detection in the range of 50mg/dl to 500mg/dl with a correlation coefﬁcient, R, of 0.99784 and sensitivity of 1.0587 µA/mg.
Biomimetic Ceramics and Composites
Authors: Calvert Paul 
Published: November 2015

An obvious parallel of structure and function exists between a rhinoceros and a tank, and between a beetle shell and the skin of an aircraft. We can also draw comparisons at the microstructural level between these biological and synthetic materials. Significant differences also exist, however, and the rigid biological materials such as bone and shell have much to teach us. In particular, they are distinctly composite structures. Although they bear loads in much the same way as synthetic composites or ceramics, they have far more complex architectures.The goal in considering the group of mineralized biological materials as described, for example, in the article by Fink et al. in this issue, and in devising modifications of them, which is the focus of this article and of Mann's, is to learn to devise arrangements of synthetic materials that work more efficiently than the homogeneous substances of simple composites that we use now. In addition to designing better microstructural arrangements we may also learn, again by analogy to the biological materials, how best to process these structures and how to recycle them after use.Biological structural materials are optimized for their high strength- or stiffness-to-weight ratio. Achieving this in synthetic materials for nonbiological application, for example in cars and airplanes, would be of obvious value. Our own interest here has focused on cuticle and bone as models for our synthetic work. Another property of biomineralized materials, for example biological ceramics, is their increased toughness. In this case we will discuss tooth enamel mimicking.
EXPERIMENTAL RATIONALE FOR THE CHOICE OF FILLING MATERIAL FOR TREATMENT ROOT CARIES
Authors: Нагаева М. , nagaeva M. , Скворцова А. , Skvortsova A. , Безкровная С. , Bezkrovnaya S. 
Published: November 2015

<p>High prevalence of root caries and high frequency of defects fit the seals makes the problem of filling materials choice for treatment root caries relevant. To justify the treatment of root caries by optimizing the choice of filling material. For our study, when filling cavities, the most commonly used filling materials of different classes, were chosen: nanohybrid composite with an adhesive system, triple curing hybrid glass ionomer cement, packable self-curing high strength glass ionomer cement. In experiment, marginal permeability of studied materials towards hard tissue (enamel, dentin, and root cement) were assessed on a five-point system Khera S.C, Chan K.C. 45 sampleswas investigated in total (for 15 samples in each group).</p>
Arson or Accident: A Forensic Accounting Case Requiring Critical Thinking and Expert Communication
Authors: Durtschi Cindy , Rufus Robert J. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
When a fire destroyed the home of Jeffrey R. Jones, he immediately filed a claim with his insurance company, Gladstone Insurance. Gladstone denied Mr. Jones' claim alleging, among other things, that he had a financial motive to commit arson. To resolve the dispute, Mr. Jones filed a lawsuit against Gladstone for damages, denying the allegation that he had a financial motive to burn down his home. You will act as a team of forensic accountants, hired by either Mr. Jones or Gladstone, to present evidence on Mr. Jones' financial condition at the time of the fire. In addition to writing an expert report, you will have the opportunity to participate in a mock trial during which you will present your opinion and face cross-examination from an opposing team.
Trunk static and dynamic sagittal endurance in healthy young Nigerian adults
Authors: Mbada Chidozie Emmanuel , Dedeke Adeyemi Gabriel 
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND: Flexion/extension trunk muscle endurance imbalance is more clinically significant than isolated trunk endurance deficits. OBJECTIVE: This study provides reference values and correlates of trunk flexion/extension endurance ratio among healthy young Nigerian adults. METHODS: A total of 208 volunteers participated in this study. Static Back Extensors Endurance (SBEE), Dynamic Back Extensors Endurance(DBEE), Static Abdominal Muscles' Endurance (SAME) and Dynamic Abdominal Muscles' Endurance (DAME) were assessed following standard protocols. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: The mean age, SBEE, DBEE, SAME and DAME were 22.2 ± 1.76 years, 78.3 ± 41.5 secs, 21.1 ± 9.69 reps, 39.1 ± 24.5 secs and 16.5 ± 15.8 reps respectively. Static and dynamic trunk flexion/extension endurance ratio was 0.63 ± 0.50 and 0.86 ± 0.74 respectively. There were significant differences in trunk static (0.81 ± 0.57 secs vs. 0.53 ± 0.42 secs; p= 0.001) and dynamic (1.04 ± 0.48 reps vs. 0.74± 0.83 reps reps; p= 0.001) flexion/extension endurance ratio in men and women, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study established a set of reference values for static and dynamic trunk flexion/extension endurance ratios among healthy young Nigerians. Men had significant higher trunk flexion/extension endurance than women.