bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinguishing Failure to Cure From Complication After Penile Prosthesis Implantation
Authors: Pineda Miguel , Burnett Arthur L. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Background
A successful penile prosthesis implantation (PPI) surgery can be defined by outcomes beyond the absence of complications.

Aim
To introduce the concept of failure to cure (FTC) in the context of PPI to more accurately gauge postoperative outcomes after PPI.

Methods
Consecutive patients from our sexual function registry who underwent PPI from January 2011 to December 2013 were analyzed. Demographics, previous treatment of erectile dysfunction, comorbidities, social history, postoperative problems (POPs), and surgical outcomes were tabulated. Patients completed the International Index of Erection Function (IIEF) and the Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction questionnaires. We defined a complication, according to the Clavien-Dindo classification, as any deviation from the ideal postoperative course that is not inherent in the procedure and does not constitute an FTC. FTC was defined as a POP that was not a complication. The χ2 tests, t-tests, or Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used.

Outcomes
Patient-reported and objective outcomes after PPI.

Results
Our enrollment consisted of 185 patients, and we contacted 124 (67%). Of these, 16 (12.9%) had a POP requiring reoperation. Eight patients developed surgical complications (three infections, four erosions, and one chronic pain). Eight patients had FTC (four malpositions and four malfunctions). Factors that correlated with POPs were previous PPI, body mass index higher than 30 kg/m2, and previous treatment with intracorporal injections (P &lt; .05 for all comparisons). Patients who had POPs scored significantly lower on the IIEF erectile function and intercourse satisfaction domains (P &lt; .05 for the two comparisons), but not on the orgasmic function, sexual desire, and overall satisfaction domains (P &gt; .05 for all comparisons).

Clinical Implications
POPs after PPI surgery can be more accurately categorized using the Clavien-Dindo classification of surgical complications to more clearly distinguish surgical complications from FTC.

Strengths and Limitations
Limitations of our study include its retrospective approach. Our series included a large proportion of patients treated for prostate cancer, which limits the generalizability of our findings. We also had a relatively short median follow-up time of 27 months.

Conclusions
Patient-reported outcome assessments can vary greatly from what physicians determine to be successful PPI. An assessment of POPs encompasses more than just complication rates; it also reflects FTC. Even when POPs occur, patients can still derive satisfaction if they are correctively managed. Factors that possibly predispose to POPs include previous PPI surgery, body mass index greater than 30 kg/m2, and history of intracorporal injections.
The commodity super price cycle and real options: Implications for the Greeks of mining firms
Authors: Guedes José 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe Real Options Approach (ROA) to the management and valuation of mining firms should impart a distinctive pattern to the time path of the Greeks displayed by such firms during the recent price super cycle. This paper simulates the delta, gamma, vega and rho of a gold mining firm holding a portfolio of heterogeneous mines over the recent gold price cycle, to find out the telltale signs that the ROA should leave on the trajectories exhibited by such variables during that period. We show that the ROA and the standard NPV approach to mine management and valuation predict markedly different trajectories for the Greeks.
A dopamine receptor genetic variant enhances perceptual speed in cognitive healthy subjects
Authors: Barral Sandra , Habeck Christian G. , Gazes Elaine , De Jager Philip L. , Bennett David A. , Stern Yaakov 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntroductionCognition is under strong genetic control, yet the specific genes are unknown.MethodsOne hundred and fifty‐three cognitive healthy European subjects from the Reference Abilities Study (RANN) were genotyped for 1,160 variants within 446 neuropsychiatric genes. Adjusted linear regression models evaluated the association between the genetic variants and four reference abilities (Vocabulary, Episodic Memory, Perceptual Speed, and Reasoning).ResultsOne hundred and fifty‐nine variants nominally were found significant in the RANN cohort and re‐evaluated in an independent cohort of 868 cognitive healthy subjects from the Religious Orders Study and Rush Memory Aging Project. Meta‐analysis yielded a Bonferroni adjusted statistically significant association between perceptual speed and a variant located in the promoter of the dopamine receptor D4 gene, rs3756450 (β = 0.23, standard error = 0.05, Pmeta = 2.3 × 10−5).DiscussionOur data suggest that genetic variation in a dopamine pathway gene influences perceptual speed performance in cognitively healthy individuals.
Liquid‐metal capacitors with a 42:1 tuning ratio
Authors: Rahman M.A. , Shiroma W.A. , Ohta A.T. 
Published: April 2017

Four types of liquid‐metal‐based tunable capacitors with a high tuning range are demonstrated. The capacitors are easily fabricated by placing a pair of liquid‐metal‐filled tubes in contact with one another. Tunability is achieved by varying the length of the liquid metal in one of the tubes using a mechanical pump. Four different structures are demonstrated: parallel‐tube, folded‐tube, coil, and spiral capacitors. The highest measured tuning ratio is 42:1, and the highest change in capacitance per unit length of the pumped liquid metal is 0.07 pF/mm.
Gain and side‐lobe improvement of W‐band microstrip array antenna with CSRR for radar applications
Authors: Dewantari Aulia , Kim Jaeheung , Jeon Se‐Yeon , Kim Seok , Ka Min‐Ho 
Published: April 2017

A new method for suppressing surface waves on a millimetre‐wave microstrip array antenna is presented. A 10 × 2 patch array antenna is designed at 77 GHz for W‐band radar applications. Complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) has been designed at 77 GHz, etched on the antenna ground plane. Simulation and experimental results are compared in terms of the gain and the side lobe level with and without CSRR. CSRR between series patch antenna array could suppress surface waves effectively so that this approach enhances the gain and reduces the side lobe level. The measured gain improvement in the antenna with CSRR is 2.5 dB. The side lobe level of the antenna with CSRR is reduced up to 3.5 dB lower than antenna without CSRR.
Hepatitis C virus triggers Golgi fragmentation and autophagy through the immunity-related GTPase M
Authors: Hansen Marianne D. , Johnsen Ingvild B. , Stiberg Kim A. , Sherstova Tatyana , Wakita Takaji , Richard Gabriel Mary , Kandasamy Richard K. , Meurs Eliane F. , Anthonsen Marit W. 
Published: April 2017

Significance
Without a vaccine or cost-effective antivirals against hepatitis C virus (HCV) there is a need to understand better the molecular mechanisms underlying the establishment of productive HCV infection and chronic liver disease. Recently, the Crohn's disease and tuberculosis risk factor immunity-related GTPase M (IRGM) was found to promote HCV replication, but the mechanisms involved are unknown. Here we provide mechanistic insight into how IRGM stimulates the two membrane-remodeling pathways, Golgi fragmentation and autophagy, to facilitate HCV replication. Our findings offer insights into the replication strategies used by HCV that should be useful for antiviral approaches. Also, these findings might aid understanding how IRGM functions in infection and inflammation in the setting of other diseases, e.g., in Crohn’s disease.
Parallel adaptive evolution of geographically distant herring populations on both sides of the North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Lamichhaney Sangeet , Fuentes-Pardo Angela P. , Rafati Nima , Ryman Nils , McCracken Gregory R. , Bourne Christina , Singh Rabindra , Ruzzante Daniel E. , Andersson Leif 
Published: April 2017

SignificanceIdentification of genetic changes that allow a species to adapt to different environmental conditions is an important topic in evolutionary biology. In this study we analyzed whole-genome resequencing data of Atlantic herring populations from both sides of the Atlantic Ocean and identified a number of loci that show consistent associations with spawning time (spring or autumn). Several of these loci, such as thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR), have a well-established role in reproductive biology, whereas others have never been implicated in controlling reproduction. Genetic variants associated with adaptation to spring or autumn spawning are shared to a large extent among populations across the Atlantic Ocean and the Baltic Sea, providing evidence for parallel adaptive evolution.
Infinitely productive language can arise from chance under communicative pressure
Authors: Piantadosi Steven T. , Fedorenko Evelina 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHuman communication is unparalleled in the animal kingdom. The key distinctive feature of our language is productivity: we are able to express an infinite number of ideas using a limited set of words. Traditionally, it has been argued or assumed that productivity emerged as a consequence of very specific, innate grammatical systems. Here we formally develop an alternative hypothesis: productivity may have rather solely arisen as a consequence of increasing the number of signals (e.g. sentences) in a communication system, under the additional assumption that the processing mechanisms are algorithmically unconstrained. Using tools from algorithmic information theory, we examine the consequences of two intuitive constraints on the probability that a language will be infinitely productive. We prove that under maximum entropy assumptions, increasing the complexity of a language will not strongly pressure it to be finite or infinite. In contrast, increasing the number of signals in a language increases the probability of languages that have—in fact—infinite cardinality. Thus, across evolutionary time, the productivity of human language could have arisen solely from algorithmic randomness combined with a communicative pressure for a large number of signals.
Brachial Arterial Pressure Monitoring during Cardiac Surgery Rarely Causes Complications
Authors: Singh Asha , Bahadorani Bobby , Wakefield Brett J. , Makarova Natalya , Kumar Priya A. , Tong Michael Zhen-Yu , Sessler Daniel I. , Duncan Andra E. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Background
Brachial arterial catheters better estimate aortic pressure than radial arterial catheters but are used infrequently because complications in a major artery without collateral flow are potentially serious. However, the extent to which brachial artery cannulation promotes complications remains unknown. The authors thus evaluated a large cohort of cardiac surgical patients to estimate the incidence of related serious complications.

Methods
The institutional Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database and Perioperative Health Documentation System Registry of the Cleveland Clinic were used to identify patients who had brachial artery cannulation between 2007 and 2015. Complications within 6 months after surgery were identified by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision diagnostic and procedural codes, Current Procedural Terminology procedure codes, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons variables. The authors reviewed electronic medical records to confirm that putative complications were related plausibly to brachial arterial catheterization. Complications were categorized as (1) vascular, (2) peripheral nerve injury, or (3) infection. The authors evaluated associations between brachial arterial complications and patient comorbidities and between complications and in-hospital mortality and duration of hospitalization.

Results
Among 21,597 qualifying patients, 777 had vascular or nerve injuries or local infections, but only 41 (incidence 0.19% [95% CI, 0.14 to 0.26%]) were potentially consequent to brachial arterial cannulation. Vascular complications occurred in 33 patients (0.15% [0.10 to 0.23%]). Definitely or possibly related infection occurred in 8 (0.04% [0.02 to 0.08%]) patients. There were no plausibly related neurologic complications. Peripheral arterial disease was associated with increased risk of complications. Brachial catheter complications were associated with prolonged hospitalization and in-hospital mortality.

Conclusions
Brachial artery cannulation for hemodynamic monitoring during cardiac surgery rarely causes complications.
Intramedullary Nail Fixation of Atypical Femur Fractures With Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate Leads to Faster Union: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Lovy Andrew J. , Kim Jun S. , Di Capua John , Somani Sulaiman , Shim Stephanie , Keswani Aakash , Hasija Rohit , Wu Yangguan , Joseph David , Ghillani Richard 
Published: April 2017

Objectives:
To evaluate bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) use in the treatment of AFF.

Design:
Retrospective case control.

Setting:
Level 1 trauma center.

Patients:
Complete AFF, defined according to American Society of Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR) criteria, from September 2009 to April 2015 with minimum 1-year follow-up.

Intervention:
Operative treatment with antegrade intramedullary nails. Beginning June 2014, BMAC from the ipsilateral iliac crest was added to all AFFs.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Time to union as determined by a blinded panel of 3 attending orthopaedic surgeons, union rates, complications.

Results:
Thirty-five patients with 36 AFFs were reviewed, of which 33 AFFs were included and 11 received BMAC. Alendronate was the most commonly prescribed bisphosphonate, with a similar mean duration of use in controls and BMAC cases (5.6 versus 6 years, P = 0.79). BMAC use significantly decreased time to union (3.5 versus 6.8 months, P = 0.004). Varus malreduction was associated with a significant delay in union (9.7 versus 4.7 months, P = 0.04). Overall, 1 year union rate was 86.2% and nonsignificantly higher in BMAC compared with controls (100.0% versus 77.3%, P = 0.11). Multivariate analysis revealed BMAC and varus malreduction as independent predictors of time to union. There were no complications related to BMAC use.

Conclusion:
Our findings support intramedullary nailing of AFFs as an effective treatment option with a low surgical complication rate and highlight the importance of avoiding varus malreduction. BMAC use significantly reduced time to fracture union without an increase in surgical complication rates.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Implant Material, Type of Fixation at the Shaft, and Position of Plate Modify Biomechanics of Distal Femur Plate Osteosynthesis
Authors: Kandemir Utku , Augat Peter , Konowalczyk Stefanie , Wipf Felix , von Oldenburg Geert , Schmidt Ulf 
Published: April 2017

Objectives:
To investigate whether (1) the type of fixation at the shaft (hybrid vs. locking), (2) the position of the plate (offset vs. contact) and (3) the implant material has a significant effect on (a) construct stiffness and (b) fatigue life in a distal femur extraarticular comminuted fracture model using the same design of distal femur periarticular locking plate.

Methods:
An extraarticular severely comminuted distal femoral fracture pattern (OTA/AO 33-A3) was simulated using artificial bone substitutes. Ten-hole distal lateral femur locking plates were used for fixation per the recommended surgical technique. At the distal metaphyseal fragment, all possible locking screws were placed. For the proximal diaphyseal fragment, different types of screws were used to create 4 different fixation constructs: (1) stainless steel hybrid (SSH), (2) stainless steel locked (SSL), (3) titanium locked (TiL), and (4) stainless steel locked with 5-mm offset at the diaphysis (SSLO). Six specimens of each construct configuration were tested. First, each specimen was nondestructively loaded axially to determine the stiffness. Then, each specimen was cyclically loaded with increasing load levels until failure.

Results:
Construct Stiffness: The fixation construct with a stainless steel plate and hybrid fixation (SSH) had the highest stiffness followed by the construct with a stainless steel plate and locking screws (SSL) and were not statistically different from each other. Offset placement (SSLO) and using a titanium implant (TiL) significantly reduced construct stiffness. Fatigue Failure: The stainless steel with hybrid fixation group (SSH) withstood the most number of cycles to failure and higher loads, followed by the stainless steel plate and locking screw group (SSL), stainless steel plate with locking screws and offset group (SSLO), and the titanium plate and locking screws group (TiL) consecutively. Offset placement (SSLO) as well as using a titanium implant (TiL) reduced cycles to failure.

Conclusions:
Using the same plate design, the study showed that implant material, screw type, and position of the plate affect the construct stiffness and fatigue life of the fixation construct. With this knowledge, the surgeon can decide the optimal construct based on a given fracture pattern, bone strength, and reduction quality.
Optimizing Radiation Dose in Computed Tomography of Articular Fractures
Authors: Mansfield Colin , Ali Sayed , Komperda Kazimierz , Zhao Huaqing , Rehman Saqib 
Published: April 2017

Objectives:
To determine whether a substantially lowered radiation protocol would provide satisfactory information for the surgeon, using the distal tibia as a model.

Methods:
Eleven adult cadaveric distal tibia specimens were used to create Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA/AO) 43C distal tibia fractures with varying displacements in 2 planes. Each specimen was scanned at 3 modified protocols, which were then subsequently read by both qualified attending orthopaedists and midlevel residents. Observer reliability was evaluated, as well as confidence levels of identifying fracture pattern and treatment protocols.

Results:
On average, there was less than a millimeter of variability in the measured gap to true gap as a whole (mean = 0.74 mm, P < 0.0001). With regard to measurements in gap, pattern, and treatment plans, no significant difference was found between CT images acquired with standard (110 mAs) compared with medium (60 mAs; mean 0.0 mm, P = 1.0; k = 0.14, P = 0.56; k = 0.38, P = 0.13, respectively) and low protocols (45 mAs; mean 0.01 mm, P = 0.95; k = 0.24, P = 0.32; k = 0.31, P = 0.13, respectively). Furthermore, no significant difference was found in measuring step-off across standard, medium, and low radiation dose (0.21 mm, P = 0.46; 0.28 mm, P = 0.39; −0.16 mm, P = 0.48, respectively).

Conclusion:
The results of this study show no significant difference when evaluating current standard and low-dose CT scans using less than one-half the amount of exposure. This suggests that in complex extremity fractures, a new CT protocol may potentially be used. Our initial data show promise that we may retain satisfactory imaging to formulate a treatment plan while also reducing the collective radiation burden to the population.
Surgical Factors Associated with Prolonged Hospitalization after Reconstruction for Oncological Spine Surgery
Authors: Carl Hannah M. , Coon Devin , Calotta Nicholas A. , Pedreira Rachel , Sacks Justin M. 
Published: April 2017

Background:
Posterior trunk reconstruction is increasingly possible as a result of advances in spinal instrumentation, reconstructive approaches, and perioperative critical care. Extensive cases often require a muscle flap or complex closure to obliterate dead space. Postsurgical wound complications and subsequent reoperations can lead to neural injury, higher hospital costs, and longer hospitalizations. We aim to identify risk factors that are associated with increased length of stay (LOS) for patients receiving flaps to close a spinal defect.

Methods:
A single institution, retrospective cohort study was performed on all patients from 2002 to 2014 who received a muscle flap to close a spine defect. Medical and perioperative variables that were significantly associated with LOS (P < 0.05) in univariate analysis were included in a stepwise regression model.

Results:
A total of 288 cases were identified. Presence of instrumentation, preoperative chemotherapy, wound dehiscence, cerebrospinal fluid leak, partial/total flap loss, and medical morbidity occurrence were all independently associated with increased LOS in a combined multivariate model (P < 0.02 for each of the 6 variables). Importantly, Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated that postoperative wound dehiscence increased LOS by 12 days.

Conclusions:
Spinal tumor resections often create large cavitary defects that necessitate the use of muscle flaps for closure. Patients who have received adjuvant chemotherapy require instrumentation, or those who develop specific wound-related or medical complications are at increased risk for prolonged hospitalization after spinal reconstruction. Thus, implementing measures to mitigate the occurrence of these adverse events will reduce costs and decrease the length of hospitalization.
Survival Differences in Women with and without Autologous Breast Reconstruction after Mastectomy for Breast Cancer
Authors: L. Semple John , Metcalfe Kelly , Shoukat Farah , Sun Ping , Narod Steven 
Published: April 2017

Background:
Breast reconstruction (BR) is an option for women who are treated with mastectomy; however, there has been concern regarding the oncologic safety of BR. In this study, we evaluated recurrences and mortality in women treated with mastectomy and compared outcomes in those treated with mastectomy alone to those with mastectomy plus transverse rectus adbominis (TRAM) flap BR.

Methods:
The prospective cohort study included women treated with mastectomy at Women’s College Hospital from 1987 to 1997. Women with TRAM flap BR were matched to controls based on age and year of diagnosis, stage, and nodal status. Patients were followed from the date of diagnosis until death or date of last follow-up. Hazard ratios were generated to compare cases and controls for outcome variables using Cox’s proportional hazards models.

Results:
Of 443 women with invasive breast cancer, 85 subjects had TRAM flap BR. Sixty-five of these women were matched to 115 controls. The mean follow-up was 11.2 (0.4–26.3) years. There were no significant differences between those with and without BR with weight, height, or smoking status. Women with TRAM flap were less likely to experience a distant recurrence compared to women without a TRAM flap (relative risk, 0.42; P = 0.0009) and were more likely to be alive (relative risk, 0.54; P = 0.03).

Conclusions:
Women who elect for TRAM flap BR after an invasive breast cancer diagnosis do have lower rates of recurrences and mortality than women treated with mastectomy alone. This cannot be explained by differences in various clinical or lifestyle factors.