bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow properties of coarse and fine sugar powders
Authors: Santos Luana Cristina dos , Condotta Rodrigo , Ferreira Maria do Carmo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe densification dynamics and flow properties of powdery to granular varieties of commercial sugars were obtained. Samples of granular sugar (GS), refined (RS) sugar, a raw type VHP sugar (VS), and icing sugar (IS) were characterized concerning particle morphology, size distribution, loose and tapped bulk densities. Primary particles of IS sugar have a mean size (D50) of 77 μm and they agglomerate into larger size granules with intraparticle voidage. The RS, GS and VS sugars have D50 equal to 286 μm, 537 μm, and 696 μm, respectively. The RS sugar revealed some irregular and rough agglomerates, while the other samples were composed of flat and well‐defined crystals. After full compaction, the initial bulk volume of the IS sugar was reduced by 25%, of the RS sugar by 18%, of the GS and VS sugars by about 10%. The IS sugar was the sample with poorest flowability, based on a Hausner ratio equal to 1.33. Compared to the others, this sugar variety presented a higher bed porosity and a smaller tapped density. In spite of its irregular shaped particles, the RS sugar compacted easily and achieved the same tapped density of samples with well‐defined granular particles. A slower compaction kinetic was observed for the coarser sugar—VS (D50 = 696 μm). Finally, the static and dynamic repose angles increased from the granular (GS and VS) to the powdery sugars (RS and IS), but for the latter ones the values were not significantly different in spite of the mean sizes decreased from 206 μm in the RS sugar to 77 μm in the IS. A more relevant difference was observed in the dynamic repose angle for the powdery sugar and the difference between the dynamic and static repose angles increased as the mean particle size was reduced. According to their repose angles, the flowability would be classified as good (GS and VS) or fair (RS and IS). The densification dynamics of all sugars were fitted with good accuracy to an empirical equation.Practical applicationsPowder flow is influenced by the presence of fines contained in the bulk powder, by the particles' size distribution and by their morphological characteristics. To meet the different needs of customers, a number of sugar varieties are marketed, including the granulated white sugar, the brown raw sugars and the powdery refined sugars. Every sugar variety behaves differently in operations such as packing, transport, and discharge from silos and hoppers. As sugar manufacturing plants deal with materials in a broad range of sizes and shapes, data of basic flow indicators for different sugar varieties obtained under standardized and comparable conditions may be useful for predicting the performance of a processing plant and monitoring the product quality attributes and for designing equipment as well.
Designing and application of a shell and tube heat exchanger for nanofluid thermal processing of liquid food products
Authors: Jafari Seid Mahdi , Saramnejad Farinaz , Dehnad Danial 
Published: November 2017

AbstractOne of the most commonly used types of heat exchangers is the shell and tube heat exchanger. It has been well established that applications of nanofluids in shell and tube heat exchangers are a competitive alternative for common industrial fluids such as hot water. However, conventional applications of nanofluids are restricted to nonfood industries. So, for the first time, this study aimed to design a shell and tube heat exchanger through Kern method for food applications and involving different equations and calculations in detail, to deploy intelligent thermal equipment and PLC section for controlling the performance of shell and tube heat exchanger, and finally, to apply that heat exchanger for two food products, that is, watermelon and tomato juice, in order to survey the extent to which this equipment, by using nanofluids rather than common hot water systems, can improve temperature–time profile of food systems and diminish their energy consumption. Kern method could accurately estimate the number of tubes, tube pitch, baffle spacing, tubes per pass, as well as shell‐side, tube‐side, and overall heat transfer coefficients while maintaining pressure drops in acceptable ranges. Application of 2 and 4% alumina nanofluids, instead of hot water, decreased thermal processing time of watermelon juice by 24.14 and 51.72%; similarly, these reduction rates were 22.3 and 48.76% for tomato juice processing. Consequently, energy consumption rates of watermelon juice processing dwindled to 24.64 and 48.34% and of tomato juice to 22.3 and 48.76% through deployment of 2 and 4% Al2O3, compared to hot water, respectively.Practical applicationsFluids with suspended particles of nanometals or oxidized metals benefit from better heat transfer properties. There is limited research dealing with effects of adding nanoparticles to conventional thermal fluids for fruit juices processing. So, the goal of this research was to introduce nanofluid technology for thermal processing of food products, increasing heat transfer efficiency in shell and tube exchangers by nanofluids and frugality in energy consumption for pasteurization, reducing thermal processing duration and better quality retention of food products.
Chicken fillets subjected to UV‐C and pulsed UV light: Reduction of pathogenic and spoilage bacteria, and changes in sensory quality
Authors: McLeod Anette , Hovde Liland Kristian , Haugen John‐Erik , Sørheim Oddvin , Myhrer Kristine S. , Holck Askild L. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe have compared the efficacy of continuous ultraviolet (UV‐C) (254 nm) and pulsed UV light in reducing the viability of Salmonella Enteritidis, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp., Brochothrix thermospacta, Carnobacterium divergens, and extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase producing E. coli inoculated on chicken fillet surface. Fluences from 0.05 to 3.0 J/cm2 (10 mW/cm2, from 5 to 300 s) used for UV‐C light resulted in average reductions from 1.1 to 2.8 log cfu/cm2. For pulsed UV light, fluences from 1.25 to 18.0 J/cm2 gave average reductions from 0.9 to 3.0 log cfu/cm2. A small change in the odor characterized as sunburnt and increased concentration of volatile compounds associated with burnt odor posed restrictions on the upper limit of UV treatment, however no sensory changes were observed after cooking the meat. Treatments under modified atmosphere conditions using a UV permeable top film gave similar or slightly lower bacterial reductions.Practical applicationsUltraviolet (UV) light may be used for decontaminating the surface of food products and reduce viability of pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. Exposure of raw chicken fillet surface to various doses of continuous UV‐C or pulsed UV light proposed in the present work represent alternatives for microbiological improvement of this product. Chicken fillets can be treated in intact packages covered with UV permeable top film, thus avoiding recontamination of the meat. UV‐C light treatment is a low cost strategy with low maintenance, whereas pulsed UV light involves more elaborate equipment, but treatment times are short and less space is required. Both methods can be helpful for producers to manage the safety and quality of chicken fillets.
Ultra‐high temperature metamorphism recorded in Fe‐rich olivine‐bearing migmatite from the Khondalite Belt, North China Craton
Authors: Lobjoie Cyril , Lin Wei , Trap Pierre , Goncalves Philippe , Li Qiuli , Marquer Didier , Bruguier Olivier , Devoir Arnaud 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe document the first occurrence of Fe‐rich olivine‐bearing migmatitic metapelite in the Khondalite Belt, North China Craton. Petrological analyses revealed two exotic assemblages of orthopyroxene+spinel+olivine and orthopyroxene+spinel+cordierite. Phase relation modelling suggests that these assemblages are diagnostic of ultra‐high temperature (UHT) metamorphism in the Fe‐rich system, with temperatures from 1,000 to 1,050°C at 0.6 GPa. U–Th–Pb SIMS analyses on zircon reveal a similar age of c. 1.92 Ga for the olivine‐bearing migmatite and an adjacent gabbronoritic intrusion that is therefore identified as the heat source for the UHT metamorphism. These results, coupled with additional analysis of the famous Tuguiwula sapphirine‐bearing granulite, lead to a re‐appraisal of the P–T path shape and heat source for the UHT metamorphism. We suggest that UHT metamorphism, dated between 1.92 and 1.88 Ga, across the whole Khondalite belt, proceeded from a clockwise P–T evolution with an initial near‐isobaric heating path at ~0.6–0.8 GPa, and a maximum temperature of 1,050°C followed by a cooling path with minor decompression to ~0.5 GPa. Considering our results and previous works, we propose that the orogenic crust underwent partial melting at temperature reaching 850°C and depth of ~20 to ~30 km during a period of c. 30 Ma, between 1.93 and 1.90 Ga. During this time span, the partially molten crust was continuously intruded by mafic magma pulses responsible for local greater heat supply and UHT metamorphism above 1,000°C. We propose that the UHT metamorphism in the Khondalite belt is not related to an extensional post‐collisional event, but is rather syn‐orogenic and associated with mafic magma supplies.
Survival of White Spot Syndrome Virus–Infected Litopenaeus vannamei Fed with Ethanol Extract of Uncaria Tomentosa
Authors: Júnior Osmar Tomazelli , Kuhn Fernanda , Mendonça Padilha Paulo José , Mota Vicente Luiz R. , Winckler da Costa Sergio , Corrêa da Silva Bruno , Schleder Delano Dias , Nunes Nesi Cristiano , Dal Magro Jacir , de Lamo‐Castellví Sílvia 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWith the present project, the phytochemical composition of Uncaria tomentosa cultivated in Chapecó (Brazil) was analyzed and then the potential of using this local plant extract to protect by oral feeding virus‐infected Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp was also investigated. For this study, five treatments were tested: uninfected shrimp fed with pelleted feed (TC), WSSV‐infected shrimp fed with pelleted feed (T1), infected shrimp fed with pelleted feed with 1% ethanol extract of U. tomentosa (EEUT) (T2), infected shrimp fed with pelleted feed with 2% EEUT (T3), and infected shrimp fed pelleted feed with 4% EEUT (T4). The chemical analysis of EEUT showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, sterols, terpenes, coumarins, and tannins and also a high in vitro free radical‐scavenging activity as well as high total phenolic content. Shrimp fed with 2 and 4% EEUT (T3 and T4) showed a survival probability significantly higher than T1 and T2 treatments and no clinical symptoms of WSSV infection. Immunological assay also showed a positive phenoloxidase activity effect on shrimp fed with EEUT.
Iron sucrose: assessing the similarity between the originator drug and its intended copies
Authors: Di Francesco Tiziana , Philipp Erik , Borchard Gerrit 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIron sucrose (IS) is a complex nanocolloidal intravenous suspension used in the treatment of iron‐deficiency anemia. Follow‐on IS products (iron sucrose similars (ISSs)) have obtained marketing authorization by the generic pathway, implying that identical copies of IS may be manufactured. However, recent prospective and retrospective clinical studies showed discrepancies in clinical outcomes, which might be related to differences in physicochemical properties. The aim of this work is to measure and compare the physicochemical properties of IS and three ISSs available in the market using innovative analytical procedures. The comprehensive elucidation of size, size distribution, morphology, and stability of these complex drugs revealed very significant differences between the products. This study serves to provide the basis to define critical quality attributes that may be linked to differences in clinical outcome and thus may contribute to an adequate regulatory approach for IS and its follow‐on products.
Compositional differences between Copaxone and Glatopa are reflected in altered immunomodulation ex vivo in a mouse model
Authors: Grossman Iris , Kolitz Sarah , Komlosh Arthur , Zeskind Benjamin , Weinstein Vera , Laifenfeld Daphna , Gilbert Adrian , Bar‐Ilan Oren , Fowler Kevin D. , Hasson Tal , Konya Attila , Wells‐Knecht Kevin , Loupe Pippa , Melamed‐Gal Sigal , Molotsky Tatiana , Krispin Revital , Papir Galia , Sahly Yousif , Hayden Michael R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCopaxone (glatiramer acetate, GA), a structurally and compositionally complex polypeptide nonbiological drug, is an effective treatment for multiple sclerosis, with a well‐established favorable safety profile. The short antigenic polypeptide sequences comprising therapeutically active epitopes in GA cannot be deciphered with state‐of‐the‐art methods; and GA has no measurable pharmacokinetic profile and no validated pharmacodynamic markers. The study reported herein describes the use of orthogonal standard and high‐resolution physicochemical and biological tests to characterize GA and a U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved generic version of GA, Glatopa (USA‐FoGA). While similarities were observed with low‐resolution or destructive tests, differences between GA and USA‐FoGA were measured with high‐resolution methods applied to an intact mixture, including variations in surface charge and a unique, high‐molecular‐weight, hydrophobic polypeptide population observed only in some USA‐FoGA lots. Consistent with published reports that modifications in physicochemical attributes alter immune‐related processes, genome‐wide expression profiles of ex vivo activated splenocytes from mice immunized with either GA or USA‐FoGA showed that 7–11% of modulated genes were differentially expressed and enriched for immune‐related pathways. Thus, differences between USA‐FoGA and GA may include variations in antigenic epitopes that differentially activate immune responses. We propose that the assays reported herein should be considered during the regulatory assessment process for nonbiological complex drugs such as GA.
An Assessment of the Cox Proportional Hazards Regression Model for Epidemiologic Studies
Authors: Moolgavkar Suresh H. , Chang Ellen T. , Watson Heather N. , Lau Edmund C. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe basic assumptions of the Cox proportional hazards regression model are rarely questioned. This study addresses whether hazard ratio, i.e., relative risk (RR), estimates using the Cox model are biased when these assumptions are violated. We investigated also the dependence of RR estimates on temporal exposure characteristics, and how inadequate control for a strong, time‐dependent confounder affects RRs for a modest, correlated risk factor. In a realistic cohort of 500,000 adults constructed using the National Cancer Institute Smoking History Generator, we used the Cox model with increasing control of smoking to examine the impact on RRs for smoking and a correlated covariate X. The smoking‐associated RR was strongly modified by age. Pack‐years of smoking did not sufficiently control for its effects; simultaneous control for effect modification by age and time‐dependent cumulative exposure, exposure duration, and time since cessation improved model fit. Even then, residual confounding was evident in RR estimates for covariate X, for which spurious RRs ranged from 0.980 to 1.017 per unit increase. Use of the Cox model to control for a time‐dependent strong risk factor yields unreliable RR estimates unless detailed, time‐varying information is incorporated in analyses. Notwithstanding, residual confounding may bias estimated RRs for a modest risk factor.
Should I Stay or Should I Go Now? Or Should I Wait and See? Influences on Wildfire Evacuation Decisions
Authors: McCaffrey Sarah , Wilson Robyn , Konar Avishek 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAs climate change has contributed to longer fire seasons and populations living in fire‐prone ecosystems increase, wildfires have begun to affect a growing number of people. As a result, interest in understanding the wildfire evacuation decision process has increased. Of particular interest is understanding why some people leave early, some choose to stay and defend their homes, and others wait to assess conditions before making a final decision. Individuals who tend to wait and see are of particular concern given the dangers of late evacuation. To understand what factors might influence different decisions, we surveyed homeowners in three areas in the United States that recently experienced a wildfire. The Protective Action Decision Model was used to identify a suite of factors previously identified as potentially relevant to evacuation decisions. Our results indicate that different beliefs about the efficacy of a particular response or action (evacuating or staying to defend), differences in risk attitudes, and emphasis on different cues to act (e.g., official warnings, environmental cues) are key factors underlying different responses. Further, latent class analysis indicates there are two general classes of individuals: those inclined to evacuate and those inclined to stay, and that a substantial portion of each class falls into the wait and see category.
Who is Policing the Community? A Comprehensive Review of Discrimination in Police Departments
Authors: Ray Victor , Ortiz Kasim , Nash Jacob 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis paper is a systematic review of the literature on diversity in police forces. We focus on four main empirical domains that have received the bulk of the attention in the literature 1) recruitment 2) hiring, 3) promotion, 4) organizational contexts. We argue that this literature would be better served by integrating findings into the emerging theoretical framework of racialized organizations theory (Ray et al. 2017) which sees organizations as a key meso‐level factor reproducing both individual and state level racial inequality. Building from here, we described our methodological approach for systematically reviewing the extant literature and present our findings. Lastly, we conclude with highlighting sociopolitical and policy implications uncovered by our findings, for contemporary American policing.
The Totality of States of Affairs and the Minimal Truthmaker
Authors: Zamani Mohsen 
Published: November 2017

AbstractArmstrong appeals to the existence of totalities in order to solve the problem of negative truths. The totality of first‐order states of affairs is a truthmaker for all negative truths, but it involves things which are irrelevant to many such truths. To solve this problem, Armstrong claimed that negative truths have minimal truthmakers which usually consist in totalities smaller than the totality of first‐order states of affairs. Merricks objects to this claim by arguing that given Armstrong’s definition of minimal truthmakers, the totality of first‐order states of affairs is a minimal truthmaker for every negative truth. In this article, I respond to Merricks’s objection. I will first show that the definition of minimal truthmakers that he proposes is not plausible. However, Merricks’s objection, I will argue, also works on the standard definition of minimal truthmakers. I will then show that for independent reasons, the standard definition should be revised, and, given my revised definition, Merricks’s objection fails.
Two‐stage identification ofSNPeffects on dynamic poplar growth
Authors: Liu Jingyuan , Ye Meixia , Zhu Sheng , Jiang Libo , Sang Mengmeng , Gan Jingwen , Wang Qian , Huang Minren , Wu Rongling 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThis project proposes an approach to identify significant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) effects, both additive and dominant, on the dynamic growth of poplar in diameter and height. The annual changes in yearly phenotypes based on regular observation periods are considered to represent multiple responses. In total 156,362 candidateSNPs are studied, and the phenotypes of 64 poplar trees are recorded. To address this ultrahigh dimensionality issue, this paper adopts a two‐stage approach. First, the conventional genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) and the distance correlation sure independence screening (DC‐SIS) methods (Liet al., 2012) were combined to reduce the model dimensions at the sample size; second, a grouped penalized regression was applied to further refine the model and choose the final sparseSNPs. The multiple response issue was also carefully addressed. TheSNPeffects on the dynamic diameter and height growth patterns of poplar were systematically analyzed. In addition, a series of intensive simulation studies was performed to validate the proposed approach.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Novel Bacteriophage pSco-10 Infecting Staphylococcus cohnii
Authors: Jun Jin Woo , Giri Sib Sankar , Kim Hyoun Joong , Chi Cheng , Yun Saekil , Kim Sang Guen , Kim Sang Wha , Kang Jeong Woo , Park Se Chang 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Herein, we report the complete genome sequence of the
Staphylococcus Myoviridae
phage pSco-10 infecting
Staphylococcus cohnii
. The phage pSco-10 was isolated from duck feces collected from four farms in South Korea. The current report provides valuable information for genomic study of phages.
Whole-Genome Sequencing of Lactobacillus salivarius Strains BCRC 14759 and BCRC 12574
Authors: Chiu Shih-Hau , Chen Chien-Chi , Wang Li-Ting , Huang Lina 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Lactobacillus salivarius
BCRC 14759 has been identified as a high-exopolysaccharide-producing strain with potential as a probiotic or fermented dairy product. Here, we report the genome sequences of
L. salivarius
BCRC 14759 and the comparable strain BCRC 12574, isolated from human saliva. The PacBio RSII sequencing platform was used to obtain high-quality assemblies for characterization of this probiotic candidate.
Genomic Characterization of the First Equine-Like G3P[8] Rotavirus Strain Detected in the United States
Authors: Perkins Charity , Mijatovic-Rustempasic Slavica , Ward M. Leanne , Cortese Margaret M. , Bowen Michael D. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
We report here the full coding region sequences for all 11 segments of the first equine-like G3P[8] rotavirus strain detected in the United States, strain RVA/Human-wt/USA/3000390639/2015/G3P[8]. The full genotype constellation of this strain is G3-P[8]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Predatory Bacterium Ensifer adhaerens Casida A
Authors: Williams Laura E. , Baltrus David A. , O’Donnell Sean D. , Skelly Tara J. , Martin Mark O. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

We report here the complete genome sequence of the facultative predatory bacterium
Ensifer adhaerens
strain Casida A. The genome was assembled into three circular contigs, with a main chromosome as well as two large secondary replicons, that totaled 7,267,502 bp with 6,641 predicted open reading frames.
Complete Genome Sequence of Collinsella aerofaciens Isolated from the Gut of a Healthy Indian Subject
Authors: Bag Satyabrata , Ghosh Tarini Shankar , Das Bhabatosh 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Collinsella aerofaciens
, a rod-shaped nonmotile obligate anaerobe, is the most abundant actinobacterium in the gastrointestinal tract of healthy humans. An altered abundance of
C. aerofaciens
may be linked with several health disorders, including irritable bowel syndrome. In the present study, we report the complete genome sequence of
C. aerofaciens
strain indica.