bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of CNN's Performance in Deep Learning for Pneumonia Diagnosis
Authors: Singh Prateek , Singh Sudhakar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

In order to address a pressing global health concern, the study examines the effectiveness of different Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures in the automatic diagnosis of pneumonia from chest X-ray pictures. Pneumonia continues to be the primary cause of death for kids, especially in areas with little resources. This study thoroughly compares pre-trained CNN models performance, including VGG16, ResNet50, and EfficientNetB3, with a focus on how well they classify pneumonia cases. EfficientNetB3 achieved the highest accuracy of 92.08%, following ResNet50 with 84.05% accuracy, precision of 84%, recall of 85%, and F1-score of 84%. and at last, VGG16 with an accuracy of 81%, with a recall score of 82% and F1- score of 81% for Pneumonia. We also used a custom CNN model, which achieved an accuracy of 82%. Chest X-ray images from the RSNA Pneumonia Detection Challenge were used as a large dataset. To evaluate the model performance, the study uses strict evaluation measures such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, and F1 score. According to the results, there is a great deal of promise for CNN models to improve diagnosis accuracy and, consequently, clinical outcomes. This study's conclusions imply that incorporating cutting-edge deep learning methods into clinical practice may improve the efficiency of pneumonia identification, which in turn may improve the distribution of resources in healthcare settings.
Intensive care nurses’ knowledge of pressure injury prevention
Authors: Klaas Ntombifikile , Serebro Ricki-Lee 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Pressure injuries (PI) continue to be a major public health concern due to their high prevalence in critically ill patients admitted in the intensive care units (ICUs). The prevalence continues to increase despite the scientific and technological advancements in pressure injury prevention. Poor knowledge and lack of using evidence-based practice by nurses have a significant contribution to the higher prevalence of pressure injuries le ading to prolonged hospital stays and poor patient outcomes. The purpose of this study was to describe the intensive care nurses’ knowledge of PI prevention.
Methods
A descriptive cross-sectional design was used collect the data from 101 nurses working in four ICUs of an academic hospital in Gauteng Province, South Africa. The revised version of the Pressure Ulcer Knowledge Assessment Tool (PUKAT 2.0) was used to collect data from a convenience sample of intensive care nurses. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse data. Statistical tests included the Shapiro Wilk test, univariate and multivariate linear regression and Cronbach alpha coefficient tests. A p-value of less than 0.05 was deemed statistically significant.
Results
The mean knowledge of nurses (N = 101) was 42.16% (SD 12.09). This score indicates poor knowledge of pressure injury prevention. The lowest scores were found in prevention of pressure injuries” (25%) and “classification and observation” (39.5%), respectively. The higher level of education (14.00; 95% CI 2.90-25.11; p = 0.014), seniority (15.58; 95% CI 2.92–28.24; p = 0.016) position, and years of experience (6.38; 95% CI 9.70–5.45; p = 0.039), were statistically significant to predict appropriate prevention and management of pressure injuries.
Conclusion
The study findings revealed that intensive care nurses lack knowledge of prevention measures, classification, and observation of stages. This may indicate that they may not be able to use risk assessment tools effectively in clinical practice. Improving training and providing intensive care nurses with adequate information about evidence-based practices to prevent PI could strengthen their contribution to patient safety.
Dietary diversity and Its Association and Metabolic Syndrome: Rafsanjan Cohort Study
Authors: Soltani Lida , Heidari Shahin , Kahnooji Mahmood , Khalili Parvin , Ayoobi Fatemeh , Ghaseminasab-Parizi Maryam 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The rapid increase in metabolic syndrome (MetS) as a major public health problem may be attributed to changes in population behavior patterns in modern society, including nutritional habits and physical activity. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the association between dietary diversity score (DDS) and metabolic syndrome in adults. In this cross-sectional study, 9,990 participants aged 35–70 years from the Rafsanjan Cohort Study (RCS) were included. Demographic, medical, and habitual histories were collected. DDS was calculated using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). All analyses were performed using Stata 14, with p-values < 0.05. In total, 9,990 subjects (46.6% men and 53.4% women) with a mean age of 35–70 years were included in this study. Based on the DDS, subjects were divided into four groups (quartiles). The multivariate-adjusted model showed that the risk of MetS increased by 18% in the third quartile and by 25% in the fourth quartile (OR: 1.18; 98% CI: 1.02–1.36 and OR: 1.25; 98% CI: 1.06–1.48, respectively). Additionally, an increased risk of high serum triglyceride levels was observed in the third quartile (OR: 1.19; 98% CI: 1.05–1.35). The results suggest that there is a relationship between DDS and metabolic syndrome, although this relationship changed after adjusting for confounders.
Shrub-Willow Living Snow Fences Impact on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Pools and their Lability
Authors: Ogdahl Eric , Zamora Diomy , Islam Khandakar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Shrub-willow (Salix spp.) living snow fences are an effective agroforestry practice for reducing blowing snow on roadways while providing ecosystem services such as soil carbon (SOC) sequestration and bioenergy feedstock production. Despite these benefits, research on SOC accumulation in willow systems is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of different willow varieties on SOC and total nitrogen concentrations, stratification, and lability in marginal soil. A randomized complete block design with three willow varieties (Salix purpurea ‘Fish Creek,’ S. purpurea × S. miyabeana ‘Oneonta,’ and S. caprea × S. cinerea ‘S365’) and control plots was used. Post-planting weed management included herbicide and manual control. Two years post-planting, composite soils were collected from geo-referenced sites within each plot at 0- to 90-cm depths and analyzed for SOC, total N, microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), metabolic quotient (qR), active C, cold and hot-water carbon (CWC & HWC), particulate organic carbon and nitrogen (POC & PON). All willow varieties, especially Fish Creek and Oneonta, significantly increased SOC and total N contents. Willow treatments positively influenced labile SOC and total N pools, with notable increments in SMBC, POC, and PON. Stratification of SOC and total N decreased with depth, particularly up to 0–45 cm. Carbon and nitrogen management indices (CMI & NMI) varied significantly among willow treatments, highlighting their potential to enhance SOC sequestration and total N dynamics. This study provides insights into the positive impact of specific willow varieties on soil properties, emphasizing the importance of SOC sequestration in managing marginal soils.
“Experiences of professional nurses regarding shortage in the advent of Covid -19 in a hospital in the Northwest Province:
Authors: Chomela Lerato Joyce , Serapelwane Maserapelo Gladys , Lethale Sesepo Maria 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background: Covid-19 pandemic worsened the long-standing shortage of nurses worldwide and South Africa is not an exception. Professional nurses resigned in the advent of Covid-19 due to fear of contracting Covid-19, demonstrating that there was inadequate support of professional nurses in the times of the pandemic.
Aims: The study explored and described experiences of professional nurses regarding shortages in the advent of Covid-19. The support required by professional nurses in the advent of Covid-19 pandemic was also described.
Methods: This study used a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual approach. The population of the study were professional nurses employed at one hospital in the Northwest Province of South Africa during the Covid-19 pandemic. Purposive sampling was applied to select twelve professional nurses who participated in the study. Unstructured in-depth individual interviews were used to generate data and the analysis followed the thematic model. The study adhered to ethical principles of respect for persons, privacy, beneficence and justice.
Results: The study findings show that the participants reported experiences of physical exhaustion, emotional pain, and mental health challenges due to Covid-19. These experiences confirm the negative impact on the health care system, and the organizational support required by professional nurses in the face of shortages in the advent of Covid 19.
Conclusion: Covid-19 exacerbated the already existing shortage of staff. These shortages were compounded by nurses’ quarantine and self-isolation, in tandem with elderly nurses resigning for fear of Covid-19 infections.
Network classification reveals the variation of soil bacterial diversity among plant species
Authors: Ding Zijian , Li Tianze , Ren Baihui , Yang Jiyun , Bai Long , Li Jiahuan , Guo Lizhu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Soil bacterial diversity often shows different trends due to changes in dominant plant species. However, the potential key drivers of processes that reveal bacterial diversity per se have not been clearly elucidated. We established a field experiment with 9 native grassland species and assessed the relationship between soil bacterial diversity and ecological taxa classified by network construction. A co-occurrence network of 1065 points and 10023 edges, among 9 native grasses, was established to classify microbial ecological taxa. The results showed that the relative abundance of ecological taxa classified as peripherals, which is influenced by soil urease activity, inhibited bacterial diversity. Conversely, the relative abundance of specific taxa directly controlled by plants was positively related to bacterial diversity. Further, the composition of peripherals was not affected by soil physicochemical properties, while the composition of specific taxa was affected by NO3-, TP, AP, SU, TC and AK. The composition of peripherals and specific taxa have different responses to soil properties due to their sensitivity to environmental changes. Our findings reveal that plant-dominated bacterial diversity is closely linked to the abundance of peripheral and specific taxa. Understanding these mechanisms may provide a new insight in to the management of grassland soil microbes through the selection of grass species following disturbance and subsequent restoration.
Viability and characteristics of columnea latent viroid isolated from tomato seeds produced in Thailand
Authors: Tanaka Saori , Murase Ryota , Inoue Yoshimi , Masumoto Masumi , Matsuura Takayuki , Yanagisawa Hironobu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Columnea latent viroid (CLVd; the genus Pospiviroid) was detected in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seeds produced in Thailand in 2021 when performing the export inspection. Inoculated tomato plants presented with severe stunting and stem and leaf vein necrosis, similar to the highly virulent variant. This suggests CLVd viability on the seeds was maintained. BLAST analysis revealed that the complete genome shared the highest identity (98.9%) with the CLVd variant (accession no. JF446929) found in Thailand and is a new variant. This CLVd variant was classified into the same clade as several previously isolated CLVd variants in Thailand based on phylogeny.
Remote Didactic Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Education Addresses Theory-Practice Gap in Low-Resource Settings
Authors: Druckman CCRN CPNP-AC MSN Samantha , Moss CPNP-AC Julianne P. , Chaves Alicia H. , Gaskin DCH MBBS Peter , Scala CRNP-AC MSN Melanie L. , Linehan RRT-NPS MS Deborah , Tumulty CRNP-AC Jamie , Pietris Nicholas , Nicolosi BCPPS PharmD Christian , Eichner CRNP Jessica R. , Streltsova-Verma NE-Bc CCRN RN DNP Svetlana , Ohaju FACS FACOS DO Vincent U. , Nwagboso MBBS Chimaobi , Oluchi B. Health Education RN BNSC Njoku Faustina , Holloway  
Published: September 2024

Abstract

In order to bridge the theory-practice gap in pediatric cardiac critical care amongst clinicians in a low-resource setting, multidimensional training is crucial. In this study, we implemented a dual-methodology approach to cardiac critical care education in a low-resource setting, integrating both proactive didactic education and a subsequent peer mentor model into one comprehensive education curriculum. We theorized that this process would significantly increase both knowledge attainment and acquisition of real-world competency. Ultimately, we found that ensuring acquisition of competence prior to working with a visiting team enhanced both theoretical and practical understanding, leading to well-rounded knowledge acquisition by members of the local team.
Parental Satisfaction and Parenting Style among Iranian Parents of Children and Adolescents with Conduct Disorder: A Cross-Sectional and Descriptive-Correlational Study
Authors: Mousavizadeh Seyedeh Narjes , Shafighi Amirhossein 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Conduct disorder (CD) is a psychiatric disorder related to childhood or adolescence that is manifested by antisocial behaviors and lack of compliance with social laws and norms. CD related limitations, along with its consequences on affected individuals, may be associated with the detrimental parent-child relationships in the form of unfavorable Parenting Style (PST) and Parental Satisfaction (PSA).
Objectives
This study aimed to assess CD severity in affected individuals and measure PST, IPST, and PSA levels in their parents, along with exploring correlations between these variables and CD severity, alongside other sociodemographic indicators.
Methods
The total number of 60 parents of children and adolescents with CD have participated in the present cross-sectional and descriptive-correlational study according to the inclusion criteria and convenience sampling method. In order to evaluate the levels of PST, IPST and PSA among parents, along with their correlations with the severity of CD in their children and adolescents, the questionnaires of “Socio-Demographic Information Questionnaire (SDIQ)”, “Dibble and Cohen Parent Report (DCPR)”, “Kansas Parental Satisfaction Scale (KPSS)”, and “Rating Scale for Diagnosis of Conduct Disorder (RSDCD)” were utilized. Eventually, the SPSS version 26 was utilized to analyze the final data.
Results
Most of the participants had “normal” levels of PSA, PST and IPST (66.7%, 51.7% and 65.0% respectively). In addition, most of the children and adolescents demonstrated remarkable severity of CD (146.42 ± 17.14). Besides, the correlations between “severity of CD” with “PST”, “IPST” and “PSA” were significant and inverse (r= -0.44, p = 0.001, r= -0.42, p = 0.001 and r= -0.27, p = 0.03). Finally, the cross-correlation obtained between “demographic characteristics with PSA, PST, IPST and severity of CD” were different and varied. Bayesian analysis reveals strong mutual correlations and predictive power between PSA, PST, CD severity, and sociodemographic factors.
Conclusion
Conclusion: Participants showed normal levels of “PSA,” “PST,” and “IPST.” The severity of CD was considerable among children and adolescents, significantly inversely correlating with “PST,” “IPST,” and “PSA.” Cross-correlations with varying significance levels were found between participants' socio-demographic characteristics and “PSA,” “PST,” “IPST,” and CD severity.
Characteristics and regularities of sunspots and flares in GLE events
Authors: Zhang YunFeng , Firoz Kazi A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

In this paper, we have made an effort to study the characteristics and regularities of sunspots and flares associated with the 73 GLE events. The mean (∼ 55.37◦ ± 5.30◦ ) longitude of the GLE-associated-flares in the western hemisphere and the mean (∼ 6.71◦±2.25◦ ) latitude of the GLE-associated-flares in the region near the solar equator or northern hemisphere of the Sun suggested that most of the GLEs originated from the western hemisphere of the Sun. The optical flares associated with GLEs are of magnitude higher than or equal to class 1, while the soft X-ray flares associated with GLEs are of magnitude higher than or equal to class C, with the majority being X-class flares. The rates of increases in GLEs do not have a direct relationship with the maximum and average soft X-ray flux. The time difference between the GLE onsets and the corresponding flare peak times is mainly concentrated within 0-20 minutes. Thus, the study suggests that solar flares are possibly the sources of high energy particles in GLE events.
Balancing vacancy and carrier concentration in halide solid electrolytes for all-solid-state sodium batteries
Authors: Fan Lizhen , Wu Meng , Liu Xinyu , Liu Hong , Li Dabing , Qi Xiang , Gao Lei , Nan Ce-Wen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Designing halide solid electrolytes (SEs) with high ionic conductivity and good (electro)chemical stability is essential for the advancement of all-solid-state sodium-ion batteries (ASSIBs). Unfortunately, most sodium-based halide SEs experience limited ionic conductivities and ambiguous correlation between their structure features and ion transport properties. Here we report a novel strategy to significantly boost the conductivities of sodium halides by regulating vacancy and charge carrier concentrations through a facile NaCl-poor method. This approach achieves a balanced structure with optimal vacancy and carrier content, rendering several-fold conductivities enhancement of series sodium halides. Furthermore, a fluorination-induced amorphization protocol is employed to enhance (electro)chemical stability and interfacial compatibility without detrimentally influencing conductivities. When paired with an uncoated Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode and a Na3PS4-coated Na15Sn4 anode, the Na0.5ZrCl4F0.5 catholyte enables the battery to run for 300 cycles, retaining 94.4% of its initial discharge capacity at room temperature. This study provides a versatile pathway for creating inorganic ion conductors with high conductivity and long-term cyclability, advancing the development of ASSIBs.
How far does the salamander go? Estimating migration distances and quantifying range wide suitable habitat availability for an imperiled salamander
Authors: Stemle Leyna , Searcy Christopher , Laabs Dave 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Many organisms with complex life cycles rely on both terrestrial and aquatic habitats to survive, which increases their susceptibility to habitat fragmentation as they require access to sufficient amounts of both habitats and connectivity between them. Amphibians are particularly susceptible to fragmentation and are declining globally. We conducted the first range-wide geospatial analysis for the federally endangered Santa Cruz Long-toed Salamander (SCLTS; Ambystoma macrodactylum croceum) to address the impacts of land use change and habitat fragmentation as barriers to recovery. First, we used data from an extensive drift fence array to determine migration distances of SCLTS. We then used these calculated distances to determine the amount of suitable and accessible habitat around all current breeding ponds as well as those being considered as potential release sites. Land use changes have reduced the amount of suitable upland habitat within migration distance of SCLTS breeding ponds by 34% across the range. Habitat fragmentation due to roads has further reduced uplands by another 12% and sea level rise projected by 2060 reduces it another 14%, leaving only 40% of potential terrestrial habitat suitable, accessible, and unflooded. Based on a population viability analysis (PVA) developed for the congeneric California tiger salamander, this would render only 24% of SCLTS breeding populations viable in the long term based on terrestrial habitat quality. This range-wide assessment provides guidance on which breeding populations should be targeted for land use restoration and experimental road crossing structures, and which potential breeding sites should be prioritized for release of captive-bred animals.
A Two-Stream Deep Learning Approach for Enhanced
Two-Person Human Interaction Recognition in Videos
Authors: Akash Hemel Sharker , Rahim Md Abdur , Miah Abu Saleh Musa , Lee Hyoun-Sup , Jang Si-Woong , Shin Jungpil 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Human Interaction Recognition (HIR) between two people in videos is a critical field in computer vision and pattern recognition, aimed at identifying and understanding human interaction and actions for applications such as healthcare, surveillance, and human-computer interaction. Despite its significance, video-based HIR faces challenges in achieving satisfactory performance due to the complexity of human actions, variations in motion, different viewpoints, and environmental factors. In the study, we proposed a two-stream deep learning-based HIR system to address these challenges and improve the accuracy and reliability of HIR systems. In the process, two streams extract hierarchical features based on the skeleton and RGB information, respectively. In the first stream, we utilised YOLOv8-Pose for human pose extraction, then extracted features with three stacked LSM modules and enhanced them with a dense layer that is considered the final feature of the first stream. In the second stream, we utilized SAM on the input videos, and after filtering the Segment Anything Model (SAM) feature, we employed integrated LSTM and GRU to extract the long-range dependency feature and then enhanced them with a dense layer that was considered the final feature for the 2nd stream module. Here, SAM is utilized for segmented mesh generation, and ImageNet for feature extraction from images or meshes, focusing on extracting relevant features from sequential image data. Moreover, we newly created a custom filter function to enhance computational efficiency to eliminate irrelevant key points and mesh components from the dataset. We concatenated the two stream features and produced the final feature that fed into the classification module. The extensive experiment with the benchmark dataset of the proposed model has 96.07\% accuracy. The high-performance accuracy of the proposed model proved its superiority.
Hidden pages of Mikhail Lomonosov’s biography
Authors: Sapunov B. V. , Sapunov V. B. 
Published: September 2024

This article сonnects the unknown and hidden pages of M.V. Lomonosov’s biography with the exceptional role that this great polymath played in the development of Russian national science and higher education. Mikhail Lomonosov was born in the northern part of the Russian Empire, which fact had a significant influence on his personality. There, in the absence of serfdom, the “pomors” (“near sea”) — a subethnic group of the Russian people — acquired a freedom-loving mentality. An assumption is made about the genetic and social connection of Lomonosov with the Shuvalov family, who were famous public figures. An analysis of Lomonosov’s scientific ideas is carried out in the historical context of the world’s science in the 18th century.