bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robotic Olympics: A novel robotic surgical training experience for residents in an obstetrics and gynecology residency program
Authors: Renz Malte , Liberman Eric , Daniels Brian , Isani Sara , Kuo Dennis Y , Nevadunsky Nicole 
Published: January 2018

Background: Resident experience and opinions regarding robotic surgical training as part of the formal obstetrics and gynecology curriculum has not been reported.
Objective: To evaluate residents’ experience with the newly introduced Robotic Olympics and a robotic surgical trainings curriculum in general, especially in correlation with future career goals.
Methods: All residents of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency Program at the Montefiore Medical Center, who participated in the Robotic Olympics 2014, a team-based simulation competition, completed a de-identified pre- and post-Olympics survey.
Results: For the participating 31 residents, the mean number of bedside-assistant robotic and console cases was 8 (0-50) and 4 (0-30), respectively. Both were positively associated with postgraduate level. The majority of residents (89%) reported that they were best trained in open surgery. Only 52% anticipated using robotic surgery in their future practice. Anticipated use of the robot and interest in robotic training were correlated with surgical subspecialty career goals. 100% of residents aspiring a career in gynecologic oncology and none interested in maternofetal medicine anticipated future use of robotic surgery. However, all residents desired the Robotic Olympics to be integral part of resident education.
Conclusions: The majority of residents welcomed the addition of the Robotic Olympics to the robotic-surgical curriculum. However, the residents’ interest in robotic surgical training in general was disparate and correlated with the anticipated use of the robot in the residents’ future career. This data suggests the need for directed robotic surgical training for residents interested in surgical sub-specialties to focus resources early on.
Metal–Organic Framework Templated Pd@PdO–Co3O4 Nanocubes as an Efficient Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalyst
Authors: Li Hong‐Chao , Zhang Ying‐Jie , Hu Xiao , Liu Wu‐Jun , Chen Jie‐Jie , Yu Han‐Qing 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe development of high‐efficiency bifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR/OER) is critical for rechargeable metal–air batteries, a typical electrochemical energy storage and conversion technology. This work reports a general approach for the synthesis of Pd@PdO–Co3O4 nanocubes using the zeolite‐type metal–organic framework (MOF) as a template. The as‐synthesized materials exhibit a high electrocatalytic activity toward OER and ORR, which is comparable to those of commercial RuO2 and Pt/C electrocatalysts, while its cycle performance and stability are much higher than those of commercial RuO2 and Pt/C electrocatalysts. Various physicochemical characterizations and density functional theory calculations indicate that the favorable electrochemical performance of the Pd@PdO–Co3O4 nanocubes is mainly attributed to the synergistic effect between PdO and the robust hollow structure composed of interconnected crystalline Co3O4 nanocubes. This work establishes an efficient approach for the controlled design and synthesis of MOF‐templated hybrid nanomaterials, and provides a great potential for developing high‐performance electrocatalysts in energy storage and conversion.
Building bridges between Puerto Rican psychology students and Massachusetts mental health clinics: Analysis of a workforce crisis
Authors: Sacco Frank C. , Rivera Veronica , Betances‐Olivieri Eric M. , Lugo Jose , Rogers Susan , Sacco‐Dion Cristen 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to describe a field experience that used an applied psychoanalytic approach to discover potential unconscious barriers to attracting qualified Puerto Rican psychologists to work in western Massachusetts. The field experience involved a series of lectures at two Puerto Rican universities that train doctoral‐level psychologists. This field experience was conducted by Anglo internship professors and Puerto Rican doctoral psychology interns trained in Puerto Rico but interning on the mainland. Currently, there is a workforce crisis impacting mental health clinics that treat traumatized Puerto Rican families referred from child welfare and juvenile justice systems. The interns were training in the western Massachusetts city of Holyoke, which is 43% Puerto Rican. Holyoke is experiencing a crisis in its school system, which is 80% Puerto Rican students and is now under state receivership. This area in Massachusetts is in desperate need of Puerto Rican psychologists. The public schools are always seeking to work with outside agencies that can offer bi‐lingual and bi‐cultural clinicians.An applied psychoanalytic lens was utilized to analyze a cross‐cultural recruiting experience as a step in understanding the underlying dynamics that may contribute to a critical workforce shortage of Puerto Rican psychologists. The goal was to explore the fantasies and possible unconscious barriers of Puerto Rican doctoral students to move to the US mainland to practice in community mental health. The experiences analyzed two rounds of yearly discussions with (a) psychology students from two universities in Puerto Rico, (b) Anglo internship professors and (c) Puerto Rican interns who were already training on the mainland. Informal discussions with staff and recruited students after lectures provided the experiences to analyze. In the spirit of applied psychoanalysis this project used ideas from two psychoanalytic theories to explore concrete options to help improve the psychological journey of psychologists from Puerto Rican universities to the streets of Massachusetts. Barriers included fantasies about language, lack of experience with the “tools” of psychology (Electronic Health Records), weather, and inadequate planning for the migration experience. Areas for building bridges included offering courses to island training, such has electives for island psychology students thinking of migrating, shared internships with mainland and island universities, and collaboration in researching prevention models. The goal of this project was to uncover students’ fantasies about migration and develop an outline for discussion and training curricula of island psychology graduate students and mainland universities.
Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative Reaction of β‐Keto Sulfones with Alcohols via C−S Bond Cleavage: Reaction Development and Mechanism Study
Authors: Du Bingnan , Wang Wenmin , Wang Yang , Qi Zhenghang , Tian Jiaqi , Zhou Jie , Wang Xiaochen , Han Jianlin , Ma Jing , Pan Yi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA Cu‐catalyzed cascade oxidative radical process of β‐keto sulfones with alcohols has been achieved by using oxygen as an oxidant. In this reaction, β‐keto sulfones were converted into sulfinate esters under the oxidative conditions via cleavage of C−S bond. Experimental and computational studies demonstrate that a new pathway is involved in this reaction, which proceeds through the formation of the key four‐coordinated CuII intermediate, O−O bond homolysis induced C−S bond cleavage and Cu‐catalyzed esterification to form the final products. This reaction provides a new strategy to sulfonate esters and enriches the research content of C−S bond cleavage and transformations.
T Cell-Dependent and -Independent Stimulation of Hamster Spleen NK-Like Cells With Concanavalin A
Authors: Stewart Julie A , Yang Hyekyung , Hahn Edwin H , Tompkins Wayne A F 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This study was designed to examine the inducibility and lineage of nonspecifi- cally cytotoxic effector cells in the hamster spleen. Employing a known T cell mitogen, concanavalin A (ConA), and a monoclonal antibody against a recently identified hamster T cell marker (Thy 1.2 homologue), we examined the effector cells induced in spleen by ConA and the role of T cells in regulating this response. Cytotoxicity was measured against uninfected baby hamster kidney cells, cells infected with herpes simplex virus, or a mouse target, SV3T3, in a 16-hr 51Cr release assay. Pretreatment of spleen cells with ConA (2.5–10 µg ConA/ml) markedly augmented killing of all targets.
Although ConA pretreatment of effector cells enhanced cytotoxicity, pretreatment of targets did not, indicating that ConA is acting at the effector cell level. Supernatants from ConA-stimulated spleen cells also augmented spleen lymphoctye cytotoxicity, suggesting that the ConA effect is mediated by lym- phokines (LK). Depletion of Thy 1.2-positive cells from the spleen cells failed to influence augmentation of cytotoxicity by either ConA or ConA-induced LK, indicating that the precursor cells are not T cells. However, depletion of Thy 1.2-positive cells completely eliminated the production of LK in response to ConA, indicating that the factors in LK that augment cytotoxicity are strictly T cell dependent.
Whether nonspecific cytotoxic cells induced by ConA in the absence of T cells and by the T cell LK are the same population is not known. None of the cytotoxicity induced from intact or T cell-depleted spleen cells by either ConA or LK expressed the Thy 1.2 homologue. These results suggest that nonspecific cytotoxic lymphocytes of non-T cell lineage in the hamster are regulated via both T cell-dependent and T cell-independent mechanisms.
Human Monocyte Recognition of Complement-Coated Lymphoblastoid Cells
Authors: Armstrong Stephen , McDermott Patricia , Schreiber Alan D 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The macrophage system in man plays a significant role in the detection of foreign cells. The mechanisms by which macrophages recognize malignant cells, however, are not well understood. We used human monocytes and four lymphoblastoid cell (LC) lines derived from human acute lymphocytic leukemia to investigate the initial recognition of tumor cells by monocytes. IgM antibody mediated the binding of these cells to monocytes only in the presence of complement. The stepwise addition of complement components to IgM-coated LC indicated that C3 was necessary for monocyte binding. Similarly, monocyte recognition of IgM-coated LC was maximal in the presence of sera from patients with congenital C5 or C6 deficiency, but absent in the presence of sera deficient in C4 or from a patient with congenital C2 deficiency. Complement activation was associated with C3 consumption and the deposition of substantial amounts of C3 on to LC. Although 3H-C3 bound to LC appeared stable for 2 hours, approximately 4.0 ± 2 × 105 3H-C3 per LC was necessary for monocyte recognition, compared to approximately 2.7 ± 0.5 × 103 3H-C3 per RBC. The data indicate that LC can be recognized by monocytes through complement by mechanisms similar to nonmalignant target cells. However, substantial amounts of C3 are necessary to induce monocyte recognition of IgM-coated LC and, thus, such complement mediated recognition may be inefficient.
Induction of Neovascularization and Nonlymphoid Mesenchymal Cell Proliferation by Macrophage Cell Lines
Authors: Polverini Peter J , Leibovich S Joseph 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The mature murine macrophage-like cells NCTC-3749 and J-774, the Immature human macrophage-like cells U-937-1, and their conditioned media exhibited potent angiogenic activity in rat corneas and stimulated proliferation of bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) and DNA synthesis in BALB/C-3T3 cells in culture. In contrast, the immature human macrophage-like cells HL-60 and their conditioned media either failed to produce or release detectable quantities of these activities. Exposure of HL-60 cells to phorbol-myristate-acetate (PMA) did not enhance expression of angiogenic and growth stimulating activities by these cells. Both the angiogenic and growth stimulating activities appear to be mediated by a factor(s) that has biochemical properties in common with macrophage-derived growth factor (MDGF) produced by normal rat peritoneal macrophages. These results suggest that NCTC-3749, J-774, and U-937-1 macrophage-like cell lines may be a useful source for the large scale production and characterization of MDGF and macrophage-derived angiogenic activity.
The Effect of Biotin on the Formation of Different Types of E-Rosettes by Human Lymphocytes
Authors: Petrelli F , Moretti P , Sciarresi P , Dahir A M 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy human donors were cultured with biotin and concanavalin A (Con A) for varying periods up to 48 h. At the end of incubation, the percentages of total, active, and stable E-rosettes were determined. The percentage of total E-rosettes decreased significantly in the course of time in both cultures with biotin and Con A, but more slowly than in the control cultures. Biotin and Con A induced a significant increase in the number of high-affinity E-rosettes (aE-RFC and sE-RFC). Preincubation for 4 h in the presence of puromycin or actinomycin D inhibited biotin, and Con A stimulated E-rosette formation. These results suggest that the effect of biotin on the T lymphocytes might be due to stimulation of protein synthesis and, perhaps, new receptors for sheep red blood cells (SRBC).
Characterization of 3H-Uridine Incorporation and Messenger RNA Synthesis in Human Monocytes Activated to Secrete Alpha Interferon or Monocyte- Derived Fibroblast Growth Factor
Authors: Stevenson Henry C , Miller Paul , Huffer Teresa , Oldham Robert , Kanapa Dorothy J , Sen Arup 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Human monocytes are multifaceted cells with a wide range of immunoregulatory functions and distinct secretory products. This manuscript reports on initial attempts to identify specific early macromolecular synthetic events associated with various types of human monocyte activation by observing the patterns of RNA synthesis displayed by human monocytes that are exposed to well characterized activating stimuli. It was found that muramyl dipeptide (MDP), an activator of monocyte-derived fibroblast growth factor (MD-FGF) release from monocytes, also stimulates a reproducible increase in human monocyte total 3H-uridine incorporation and cytoplasmic messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis at 4 h following activation. In contrast, polyriboinosinic acidrpolyribocytidilic acid (poly l:C), an excellent stimulator of monocyte alpha interferon (IFNa) release, did not cause a change in either 3H-uridine incorporation or cytoplasmic mRNA production at any of the time points tested. Poly l:C was also found to be a poor stimulator of MD-FGF release. Conversely, MDP did not stimulate any detectable IFN release from human monocytes. The discrepancy between the patterns of macromolecular synthesis observed in human monocytes activated to secrete MD-FGF as compared with IFN indicates that divergent postactivation control mechanisms may be operative at the RNA level in the monocyte following activation of these two distinct functions.
Effects of Recombinant Interferon-γ on HLA-DR Antigen Shedding by Human Peripheral Blood Adherent Mononuclear Cells
Authors: Gershon Harriet E , Kuang Yan-De , Scala Giuseppe , Oppenheim Joost J 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Two reproducible and sensitive assays have been developed for the detection of cell-free HLA-DR antigen, an antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity inhibition assay (CIA) and a competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CELISA). One unit of cell-free HLA-DR antigen has been quantitated to be the equivalent of 27.5 ng pure DR antigen/ml. Human peripheral blood adherent mononuclear cells (PBAMC), as well as DR+ monocytes and B lymphoblastoid cell lines but not T lymphocytes, were observed to shed DR-bearing vesicles in vitro. Human recombinant IFN-γ induces the expression of Ia/DR antigen by PBAMC by increasing both the number of cells expressing DR antigen and the density per cell. After incubation with IFN-γ, PBAMC also shed significantly more DR antigen. The degree of DR expression and shedding is dependent on the dose of IFN-γ. The shedding of DR antigen occurred concomitantly with the inductive phase of cell membrane antigen expression, and very little DR antigen appeared in culture supernatants subsequent to the removal of IFN-γ. The possible physiologic significance of shed DR antigen is discussed.
A Macrophage-Derived Factor That Inhibits the Production and Action of Interleukin 2
Authors: Krakauer Teresa 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The human monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 produces an immunosuppressive factor that inhibits interleukin 1 (IL-1)-dependent proliferation of mouse thymocytes as well as the mitogenic effects of concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The mechanism of action of this factor includes interference with both the production of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and its effects on target cells. Thus, the suppressor abrogates the proliferation of an IL-2-dependent cytotoxic T cell line (CTLL), but not of IL-2 independent cells like the L929 fibroblasts or the EL4 T lymphoma and U937 histiocytic lymphoma lines. It also suppresses IL-2 production by human peripheral blood enriched T cells and mouse splenocytes. The mediator has a molecular weight of 60,000–70,000 dalton, as determined by gel filtration chromatography, is heat labile, and is sensitive to trypsin, chymotrypsin, and protease.
Activation of Neutrophils by Antigen-Induced Lymphokine, With Emphasis on Antibody-Independent Cytotoxicity
Authors: Lukacs Katalin , Roth James A , Kaeberle Merlin L 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Incubation of bovine neutrophils with antigen-stimulated mononuclear cell supernatant (lymphokine) caused an inhibition of neutrophil migration and an enhancement of the neutrophils' ability to adhere to plastic, reduce nitroblue tetrazolium, ingest Staphylococcus aureus, and mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against chicken erythrocytes.
Lymphokine-treated neutrophils also became cytotoxic for chicken, turkey and human erythrocytes in the absence of specific antibody but were not cytotoxic for bovine erythrocytes. The increase in antibody-independent neutrophil cytotoxicity (AINC) was not due to direct cytotoxic activity of the lymphokine or to a stable, soluble mediator released by the neutrophils. Enhancement of AINC, but not ADCC, required RNA and protein synthesis by the neutrophil.
These results indicate that several aspects of neutrophil function can be altered by products secreted by antigen-stimulated mononuclear cells and that neutrophils can be induced to recognize and to have increased cytotoxic activity toward heterologous erythrocytes.
Reticuloendothelial-Depressing Substance: Studies on the Mechanism of Action
Authors: Loegering Daniel J , Moon Dudley G , Kaplan John E , Weber Peter , Blumenstock Frank A 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the mechanism of action of a reticuloendothelial (RE)-depressing substance. This RE-depressing substance was obtained from the plasma of dogs subjected to 3 hr of intestinal ischemia. RE-depressing substance was partially purified by dialysis and reverse-phase column chromatography. The assay of RE-depressing activity was based on the depression of the rate of clearance of colloidal carbon from the blood of rats or mice. The effect of RE-depressing substance on three other RE system (RES) test particles (gelatinized lipid emulsion, formalinized sheep erythrocytes, and IgM-coated erythrocytes) was determined. RE-depressing substance did not affect the clearance rate or the organ localization of these three test particles. Therefore, RE-depressing substance affected only the clearance of colloidal carbon. Since platelet aggregation has been shown to contribute to the clearance of colloidal carbon, the effect of RE-depressing substance on platelet aggregation was evaluated. RE-depressing substance depressed in vitro platelet aggregation induced by ADP or collagen. It was concluded that the effect of RE-depressing substance on the clearance of colloidal carbon was due to a depression of platelet aggregation rather than to a depression of hepatic macrophage phagocytic function.
The Participation of Activated Peritoneal Macrophages in Treponema pallidum Subspecies pertenue Infection in Syrian Hamsters
Authors: Tabor Dale R , Azadegan Ali A , LeFrock Jack L 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The role of cell-mediated immunity in hamsters during treponemal infection appears to involve the activated macrophage. To date, studies have been hindered by the inability to confirm that macrophages exhibit enhanced treponemicidal activity at the infection site. We show that lipopolysaccharide and thioglycollate-treated animals, when inoculated with Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue, exhibit enhanced clearance of these organisms compared with controls. Macrophages from these infected groups display an enhanced respiratory burst, as detected by NBT reduction, as well as a marked increase in C3b receptor-mediated ingestion activity. Signficiant changes in these parameters indicate that alterations in macrophage activation are occurring in the infected compartment. Thus the stimulatory agents apparently modify the host's immune responses to promote subsequent reduction of treponemal infection. In addition, hamster peritoneal macrophages demonstrate enhanced activation behavior as a result of exposure to at least two signals, which may be prerequisite for processing this organism efficiently.
Identification of Plasma Cells in Lung Alveoli and Interstitial Tissues After Localized Lung Immunization
Authors: Bice David E , Gray Robert H , Evans Michael J , Muggenburg Bruce A 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Large numbers of antibody-forming cells (AFC) can be identified with the Jerne plaque assay in immunized lung lobes of the beagle dog after localized instillation of particulate antigen. Published data suggest that these AFC are secreting antibody and are responsible for increased levels of specific antibody in immunized lung lobes. If AFC in the lung are actively secreting antibody, there should be an increase in the number of mature plasma cells in lung lobes exposed to antigen. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the number of lymphoid cells present in immunized and control lung lobes and to determine if lung immunization produces a localized increase in the number of plasma cells. Sheep red blood cells (SRBC), autologous dog red blood cells, and saline were instilled into specific lung lobes of beagle dogs with the aid of a fiberoptic bronchoscope. Light and transmission electron microscopy studies of tissues from lung lobes instilled with SRBC showed perivascular infiltrates and intra-alveolar accumulations of lymphoid cells which were not present in control lung lobes. The morphology of these lymphoid cells ranged from small lymphocytes through mature plasma cells. From 5% to 15% of the cells present in the interstitial tissues and alveoli of immunized lung lobes were plasma cells. These observations suggest that lymphoid cells which entered the SRBC immunized lung can mature to plasma cells which are probably responsible for the local production of antigen-specific antibody.