bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
„Prowent” od śmierci. Udział duchowieństwa i bractw ormiańskich w praktykach związanych ze śmiercią we Lwowie w pierwszej połowie XVIII wieku
Authors: Winnyczenko Oksana 
Published: November 2017

Profit from Death. Participation of the Armenian Clergy and Fraternities in the Practices Related to Death in Lviv in the First Half of the 18th Century
In early modern times Lviv’s Armenians according to legal regulation and a long tradition to bequeath large amounts of money to the Armenian upper and lower clergy, monastery and fraternities. The Armenian common law does not define the purpose of such records for the benefit of clergy in the testaments. However, in practice the acts of last will and other documents contained proofs that Armenians disposed of some funds by last will instead of performing concrete obligations. Usually, these responsibilities were related to participation in funeral rituals and praying for the soul at the funeral and after the death of a testator as well. The amounts of money granted for these ceremonial acts were similar in many wills, which may indicate the existence of more or less fixed charges for the services. In addition to the Armenian clergy, Lviv’s Armenians asked the monks from the Latin orders and congregations to participate in practices connected with death, which became common phenomenon after the Armenian Church in Ukraine had entered the Union with Rome.
Computational study on the effect of malalignment of the tibial component on the biomechanics of total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Suh D-S. , Kang K-T. , Son J. , Kwon O-R. , Baek C. , Koh Y-G. 
Published: November 2017

ObjectivesMalalignment of the tibial component could influence the long-term survival of a total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The object of this study was to investigate the biomechanical effect of varus and valgus malalignment on the tibial component under stance-phase gait cycle loading conditions.MethodsValidated finite element models for varus and valgus malalignment by 3° and 5° were developed to evaluate the effect of malalignment on the tibial component in TKA. Maximum contact stress and contact area on a polyethylene insert, maximum contact stress on patellar button and the collateral ligament force were investigated.ResultsThere was greater total contact stress in the varus alignment than in the valgus, with more marked difference on the medial side. An increase in ligament force was clearly demonstrated, especially in the valgus alignment and force exerted on the medial collateral ligament also increased.ConclusionThese results highlight the importance of accurate surgical reconstruction of the coronal tibial alignment of the knee joint. Varus and valgus alignments will influence wear and ligament stability, respectively in TKA. Cite this article: D-S. Suh, K-T. Kang, J. Son, O-R. Kwon, C. Baek, Y-G. Koh. Computational study on the effect of malalignment of the tibial component on the biomechanics of total knee arthroplasty: A Finite Element Analysis. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:623–630. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.611.BJR-2016-0088.R2.
Evolución de la equidad del sistema sanitario brasileño desde las perspectivas del gasto y de la financiación: periodo de 1988 a 2000
Authors: Silva Marcia Das Merces , Cabiedes Miragaya Laura 
Published: November 2017

Al inicio de los años 90, el Coeficiente de Gini situaba a Brasil entrelos países con peor distribución de la renta y de la riqueza. En 1988,la redemocratización del país culminó con una Constitución Federal que instituyó un sistema sanitario público nacional, de acceso universal. Este estudio ha analizado si el grado de equidad ha evolucionado desde la implantación del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) en 1988, hasta el año 2000, pues la desigualdad se mantuvo en niveles altos durante este período. Para ello, se ha analizado el grado de equidad del SUS desde la financiación hasta los indicadores del gasto por región. Si bien se han observado marcadas desigualdades en salud entre las regiones, la comparación de los indicadores sanitarios indica que han disminuido las inequidades en el período analizado.
Articulación interestatal en la gestión de residuos sólidos urbanos. El caso de los Municipios entrerrianos
Authors: Bach Mauricio 
Published: November 2017

En este trabajo se intenta indagar sobre el diseño, la formulación y la implementación en los municipios de la Provincia de Entre Ríos del “Plan Provincial de Gestión Integral de Residuos Urbanos de Entre Ríos”. Para ello, en una primera instancia, se definen los objetivos e hipótesis a comprobar; se continúa con la revisión del estado del arte en la temática seleccionada, del material bibliográfico, de las entrevistas a informantes claves y la documentación relacionada con el objeto de esta investigación.Con posterioridad, se intentan verificar las hipótesis planteadas, para lo cual se describe y analiza el diseño y la implementación de la política de gestión integral de residuos urbanos y, por último, se enuncian algunas conclusiones.
Los gerentes no familiares en las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas familiares
Authors: Garavaglia Lucila Mariel , Del Bene Luca 
Published: November 2017

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo profundizar el estudio de la relaciónexistente entre el/los gerentes no familiares y la familia propietaria en la pequeña y mediana empresa familiar. Se trata de un tema de profundo y creciente interés tanto en el mundo académico como empresarial.Mediante el desarrollo de una investigación cualitativa, se buscacomprender el motivo por el cual la empresa familiar decide incorporarlos, cuál es proceso de reclutamiento y selección que realizan, qué actividades desarrollan, y qué tipo de relación mantienen con la familia propietaria.El trabajo de campo se desarrolló en diez PyMEs familiares argentinas e italianas, mediante el desarrollo de entrevistas semi-estructuradas con los gerentes y/o directores de dichas empresas.Los principales resultados señalan una amplia variedad de causasque llevan a contratar gerentes no familiares, lo cual se relaciona a su vez con la gran amplitud de tareas que desarrollan. Además, se destaca un proceso de reclutamiento y selección bastante informal, con una participación activa del emprendedor familiar. Por último, los resultados demuestran la estricta relación laboral que mantienen las partes.
Reisen und Vergleichen
Authors: Peters Christine 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn their travelogues, both Humboldt and Krusenstern employ global comparisons as powerful and versatile epistemological devices. While these comparisons usually fall back upon Eurocentric ideas of art, politics, society, and beauty – thereby frequently establishing European superiority over the chosen objects of comparison – they also transform formerly unrelated pieces of information into coherent knowledge concerning the world as a whole. This contribution inquires how these practices of comparison generate explanations of both natural and cultural matters.
Dialogtitel im Stummfilm, Zwischentitel im Tonfilm
Authors: Krautkrämer Florian 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this essay, Florian Krautkrämer analyses intertitles with a focus on dialogue scenes in silent and sound films. He takes a closer look on dialogue titles and dialogue scenes without titles in silent movies to show a line of continuity between the format change. Normally it is taken for granted that there weren’t many titles after the advent of sound, but Krautkrämer also gives examples of contemporary films that are still using intertitles.
PAPR Reduction in MIMO-OFDM System Using SLM Without SI
Authors: Goel Ashish , Sidhu Komaldeep 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMIMO-OFDM is a key technology being widely used these days for 4 G communication systems but its main drawback is high PAPR. Selected mapping is commonly used approach for PAPR reduction but in SLM there is requirement of side information (SI) to be sent along with the input data signal and leading to the loss in data rate and increased complexity. In this article, we have come up with a technique for PAPR reduction in which there is no requirement of transmission of side information and therefore preserves the data rate and also provides sufficient reduction in the PAPR. In this technique, SI embedding is performed in the form of subcarrier location (index) by increasing its power. The simulation results demonstrate that the scheme which has been proposed provides the favorable response in terms of bit error rate (BER), PAPR reduction and SI detection capability.
Restoration of a Chasuble Fragment from the Half of the 17th Century: New Methods for Spot Cleaning of Historic Textiles
Authors: Fagová Dana , Šulcová Veronika 
Published: November 2017

Abstract The National Museum collections include a liturgical vestment in form of a fragment of a chasuble dating back to the mid-17th century. The fragment is a very interesting example of rustic embroidery. As the textile was in poor condition it needed to be restored, a process which included cleaning and stitching repairs. The state of the material meant that the chasuble could not be washed, but the nature of the stains enabled local cleaning methods to be used. This involved wet cleaning with amedical aspirator and water absorption cleaning using agar in the form of a solid gel. Finally, a suitable adjustment form was created for longtermstorage and for study or exhibition.
Crystal structure of poly[(μ2-1,4-bis((2-ethyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)methyl)benzene-κ2
N:N′)-(μ2-4,4′-sulfonyldibenzoato-κ2
O:O′)zinc(II)], C40H34N4O6SZn
Authors: Xu Chunying , Li Jili , Li Minghui , Cui Lu 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
C40H34N4O6SZn, triclinic P1̅ (no. 2), a = 11.157(2) Å, b = 11.867(2) Å, c = 14.141(3) Å, α = 75.30(3)°, β = 86.09(3)°, γ = 84.91(3)°, V = 1801.8(6) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0419, ω
R
ref(F
2) = 0.1063, T = 293(2) K.
A trial of doramectin injection and ivermectin spot-on for treatment of rabbits artificially infested with the ear mite “Psoroptes cuniculi”
Authors: Elhawary N.M. , Sorour Sh. S.G.H. , El-Abasy M.A. , Bazh E.K. , Sultan K. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The ear mite “Psoroptes cuniculi” is the main cause of ear mange, a highly contagious parasitic skin disease in rabbits all over the world. In the current work, a preliminary therapeutic trial to study the effect of the broad use acaricides doramectin and ivermectin on P. cuniculi was performed on artificially infested rabbits. Twenty five adult New Zealand white rabbits were used in this study. The rabbits were assigned randomly into five groups/ 5 rabbits in each group. Each rabbit was experimentally infested with 100 mites/ ear. The first group was designated the positive control group and was not treated. The second and third groups were treated with doramectin 200 and 400 μg/kg bw, respectively. Groups 4 and 5 were treated by dressing with ivermectin in one dose and 2 doses with a 1 week interval. After the therapy, all rabbits were examined microscopically on the 7th, 14th, and 28th day post treatment and the number of live mites (larvae, nymphs, and adults) on each rabbit was counted at the end of the experiment (28th day). The results showed that the rabbits treated subcutaneously with doramectin at a single dose of 200 μg /kg bw showed a very low effect, although there was significant improvement when the dose was doubled to 400 μg /kg bw, with the number of mites counted decreasing significantly. Rabbits treated topically with ivermectin spot-on, a single dose or 2 doses, showed great improvement of the lesion: the number of mites was reduced to zero. In conclusion, this work showed that ivermectin spot-on applied locally on infested ears proves to be more effective against P. cuniculi than doramectin injected subcutaneously. Further trials on ear mange therapeutics in rabbits are to be encouraged.
Evaluation of usefulness of a commercial agarose gel electrophoresis kit (QuickGel SP) for bovine serum protein electrophoresis
Authors: Okatsu Y. , Yamagishi N. , Hatate K. , Devkota B. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The aim of this study was to show the usefulness of a commercial agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) kit (QuickGel SP) for separating bovine serum protein fractions in comparison with conventional cellulose acetate electrophoresis (CAE). Serum protein bands were verified using five reference reagents corresponding to albumin and α1-, β1-, β2-, and γ-globulins. AGE clearly revealed six separated fractions of albumin and α1-, α2-, β1-, β2-, and γ-globulin fractions in 100% and 77.8% in serum samples of dairy cows from the healthy (n=27) and diseased groups (n=27), respectively. The α1- and α2-globulins were not separated by CAE in 14.8% and 96.3% of the samples from the healthy and diseased groups, respectively, whereas β2- and γ-globulin were not separated by CAE in 96.3% and 100% of the samples from the healthy and diseased groups, respectively. More than 94% of the points for the α-globulin fractions (α1- and α2-globulins), the β-γ-globulin fractions (β1-, β2-, and γ-globulins), and the albumin/globulin ratio between AGE and CAE were within agreement on the Bland-Altman plots. However, the mean biases were not near zero in the albumin and β-γ-globulin fractions. These results suggest that the high-resolution commercial AGE kit can be utilized to separate bovine serum protein fractions.
Medical significance of simultaneous application of red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and neopterin as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers in clinical practice
Authors: Zvetkova Elisaveta , Fuchs Dietmar 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
In our individual and collaborative studies, we have played a part in pioneering investigations on the usefulness of biomarkers – red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and neopterin. This mini review includes historical data on the topic and is related to the first contributions in this field, as well as to the possibilities for further improvement and simultaneous application of RDW and neopterin measurements in the prevention, prognosis and treatment of a great number of socially important disease conditions (arterial, cardiovascular, brain vascular, peripheral artery diseases, inflammations, autoimmune states, cancers and leukemias, addictions, etc.). When comparing the results obtained with the immunobiochemical biomarker neopterin with RDW, they are reported to be very similar as independent predictors of the same pathological states in the human body although their biomedical origins are very different. Both the parameters were until now successfully, but only separately used in medical practice. The combined use of these two biomarkers can shed some more light on their interrelationships and provide some clues as to how the interaction between immune system activation and red blood cells biology are intertwined.
Methoden der Temperaturbestimmung von elektrischen Entladungen bei Öffnungs-Kontaktvorgängen in
zündfähigen Gasen
Authors: Uber Carsten , Shekhar Rajiv , Essmann Stefan , Gerlach Udo , Augustin Silke , Fröhlich Thomas 
Published: November 2017

Zusammenfassung
Für elektrische Entladungen, die bei niedrigen Spannungen von
20–40 V und Strömen von 40–100 mA nach
der Öffnung eines elektrischen Kontaktes in explosiven
Atmosphären auftreten, wurden erste spektroskopische
Untersuchungen hinsichtlich der dabei entstehenden Temperatur
durchgeführt. Diese Metalldampf-Entladungen, die ähnlich dem
„kurzen Bogen“ (short arc) sind, werden im international
standardisierten Funkenprüfgerät gemäß IEC 60079-11
erzeugt, um die Eignung elektrischer Komponenten in
explosionsgeschützten Bereichen zu beurteilen.
Die Temperatur ist bei diesen komplexen Zündvorgängen, die im
Funkenprüfgerät auftreten, ein
Schlüsselparameter. Einerseits ist die Temperatur der
Kontaktmaterialien für die Beurteilung der zwingend erforderlichen
Vorprozesse vor der Hauptentladung relevant, andererseits kann die
Wirkung der Entladung durch die Elektronen-, Ionen und Gastemperatur
charakterisiert werden. Dieser Artikel beschreibt den aktuellen Stand
zur Temperaturmessung dieser elektrischen Entladungen,
einschließlich der Herausforderungen, die dem genaueren
Verständnis dieser Entladungsvorgänge und des thermochemischen
Zündprozesses dienen sollen. Für Entladungen mit
30 V und 100 mA unter den genannten
Rahmenbedingungen wurden Anregungstemperaturen im Bereich von 3500–5000 K gemessen und berechnet.
The Role of Cysteine String Protein α Phosphorylation at Serine 10 and 34 by Protein Kinase Cγ for Presynaptic Maintenance
Authors: Shirafuji Toshihiko , Ueyama Takehiko , Adachi Naoko , Yoshino Ken-Ichi , Sotomaru Yusuke , Uwada Junsuke , Kaneoka Azumi , Ueda Taro , Tanaka Shigeru , Hide Izumi , Saito Naoaki , Sakai Norio 
Published: November 2017

Protein kinase Cγ (PKCγ) knock-out (KO) animals exhibit symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), including dopaminergic neuronal loss in the substantia nigra. However, the PKCγ substrates responsible for the survival of dopaminergic neuronsin vivohave not yet been elucidated. Previously, we found 10 potent substrates in the striatum of PKCγ-KO mice. Here, we focused on cysteine string protein α (CSPα), a protein from the heat shock protein (HSP) 40 cochaperone families localized on synaptic vesicles. We found that in cultured cells, PKCγ phosphorylates CSPα at serine (Ser) 10 and Ser34. Additionally, apoptosis was found to have been enhanced by the overexpression of a phosphorylation-null mutant of CSPα, CSPα(S10A/S34A). Compared with wild-type (WT) CSPα, the CSPα(S10A/S34A) mutant had a weaker interaction with HSP70. However, in sharp contrast, a phosphomimetic CSPα(S10D/S34D) mutant, compared with WT CSPα, had a stronger interaction with HSP70. In addition, total levels of synaptosomal-associated protein (SNAP) 25, a main downstream target of the HSC70/HSP70 chaperone complex, were found to have decreased by the CSPα(S10A/S34A) mutant through increased ubiquitination of SNAP25 in PC12 cells. In the striatum of 2-year-old male PKCγ-KO mice, decreased phosphorylation levels of CSPα and decreased SNAP25 protein levels were observed. These findings indicate the phosphorylation of CSPα by PKCγ may protect the presynaptic terminal from neurodegeneration. The PKCγ–CSPα–HSC70/HSP70–SNAP25 axis, because of its role in protecting the presynaptic terminal, may provide a new therapeutic target for the treatment of PD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCysteine string protein α (CSPα) is a protein belonging to the heat shock protein (HSP) 40 cochaperone families localized on synaptic vesicles, which maintain the presynaptic terminal. However, the function of CSPα phosphorylation by protein kinase C (PKC) for neuronal cell survival remains unclear. The experiments presented here demonstrate that PKCγ phosphorylates CSPα at serine (Ser) 10 and Ser34. CSPα phosphorylation at Ser10 and Ser34 by PKCγ protects the presynaptic terminal by promoting HSP70 chaperone activity. This report suggests that CSPα phosphorylation, because of its role in modulating HSP70 chaperone activity, may be a target for the treatment of neurodegeneration.
Inverted Encoding Models of Human Population Response Conflate Noise and Neural Tuning Width
Authors: Liu Taosheng , Cable Dylan , Gardner Justin L. 
Published: November 2017

Channel-encoding models offer the ability to bridge different scales of neuronal measurement by interpreting population responses, typically measured with BOLD imaging in humans, as linear sums of groups of neurons (channels) tuned for visual stimulus properties. Inverting these models to form predicted channel responses from population measurements in humans seemingly offers the potential to infer neuronal tuning properties. Here, we test the ability to make inferences about neural tuning width from inverted encoding models. We examined contrast invariance of orientation selectivity in human V1 (both sexes) and found that inverting the encoding model resulted in channel response functions that became broader with lower contrast, thus apparently violating contrast invariance. Simulations showed that this broadening could be explained by contrast-invariant single-unit tuning with the measured decrease in response amplitude at lower contrast. The decrease in response lowers the signal-to-noise ratio of population responses that results in poorer population representation of orientation. Simulations further showed that increasing signal to noise makes channel response functions less sensitive to underlying neural tuning width, and in the limit of zero noise will reconstruct the channel function assumed by the model regardless of the bandwidth of single units. We conclude that our data are consistent with contrast-invariant orientation tuning in human V1. More generally, our results demonstrate that population selectivity measures obtained by encoding models can deviate substantially from the behavior of single units because they conflate neural tuning width and noise and are therefore better used to estimate the uncertainty of decoded stimulus properties.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIt is widely recognized that perceptual experience arises from large populations of neurons, rather than a few single units. Yet, much theory and experiment have examined links between single units and perception. Encoding models offer a way to bridge this gap by explicitly interpreting population activity as the aggregate response of many single neurons with known tuning properties. Here we use this approach to examine contrast-invariant orientation tuning of human V1. We show with experiment and modeling that due to lower signal to noise, contrast-invariant orientation tuning of single units manifests in population response functions that broaden at lower contrast, rather than remain contrast-invariant. These results highlight the need for explicit quantitative modeling when making a reverse inference from population response profiles to single-unit responses.
O problema da figuração do escravo em uma narrativa de Joaquim Manuel de Macedo1
Authors: Gil Fernando Cerisara 
Published: November 2017

O debate sobre a escravidão foi um dos eixos centrais de preocupação dos intelectuais e dos homens de letras, no Brasil, ao longo do século XIX. O objetivo deste artigo é examinar o caráter contraditório da visão abolicionista na narrativa “Pai-Raiol, o feiticeiro”, de Joaquim Manuel de Macedo, a partir da figuração do escravo negro como personagem de ficção, bem como do sistema de valores que envolveria o mundo escravista, na perspectiva do escritor. Ao mesmo tempo, interessa identificar algumas articulações entre a representação do escravo no plano ficcional e certa concepção sobre o negro e o escravo negro corrente à época.
Do trágico ao obsceno: o Amphitruo de plauto
Authors: Tindo Marcos 
Published: November 2017

Este breve texto analisa as ambiguidades presentes na peça Amphitruo, do autor romano Plauto, ao conceber um enredo apto a um tratamento cômico apesar de baseado do mito da concepção de Hércules, o qual já havia anteriormente sido recontada em tragédias. Abordam-se aqui as transformações que o mito sofre nas mãos do comediógrafo, as quais se concentram principalmente no nível da personagem. Com base na narrativa e nas falas das personagens, demonstra-se como o autor alcançou o objetivo de adaptar a fábula a um roteiro cômico por meio duma mudança na apresentação das personagens, especialmente duas das principais: nomeadamente, Júpiter e Alcmena, que foram degradadas dos seus lugares originários de figuras de respeito, por meio de reiteradas associações obscenas.
The Status of Historical Characters in Drama: Ontological, Aesthetic, and Verisimilar
Authors: Richardson Brian 
Published: November 2017

Usando as representações de Niels Bohr e Werner Heisenberg em Frayn's Copenhagen como pedra de toque, o artigo explora o status ontológico de personagens históricos em drama. Ele argumenta que os personagens de ficção, baseados ou não em indivíduos históricos, habitam um reino de ficção e podem, por uma série de razões, divergir consideravelmente de seus homólogos do mundo real.