bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weight of Shell Must Tell: A Lanchestrian Reappraisal of the Battle of Jutland
Authors: MACKAY NIALL , PRICE CHRISTOPHER , WOOD A. JAMIE 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis article re‐analyses the 1916 battle of Jutland (German: Skagerrak), the major naval engagement of the First World War, in the light of the understanding of dreadnought fleet tactics developed over the decade leading up to it. In particular, it considers the interaction of the calculus of Lanchester's Square Law with fleet geometry and the commanders’ decisions that determined it, and with the shipbuilding decisions associated with the Lanchestrian trade‐off between quality and quantity. There is a re‐examination of the behaviour of the commanders in the light of this tactical analysis, and it is concluded that the outcome of Jutland, in spite of apparent British tactical and technological failings, was the culmination of a decade of consistent and professionally insightful decision‐making by the Royal Navy, which built and correctly wielded its decisive weapon, the Grand Fleet, to achieve the required strategic victory.
Simultaneous identification of Grapholita molesta Busck and Grapholita dimorpha Komai by PCR‐RFLP
Authors: Choi Kwang Shik , Lee Seung‐Yeol , Choi Kyung‐Hee , Jang Il , Kang In‐Kyu , Jung Hee‐Young 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAlthough several molecular diagnostic techniques are available for the identification of the apple‐feeding pests Grapholita molesta Busck and Grapholita dimorpha Komai, these pests are severely affecting apple orchards in Korea. These two pests may be misidentified or the available molecular diagnostic techniques may not facilitate the simultaneous identification of the morphological features of both species. In this study, we developed a multiplex assay for these two species using the polymerase chain reaction – restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) method. Sixty‐two specimens were collected from apples presumed infested with moth larvae and from pheromone traps from 2013 to 2014. Both species were identified morphologically, and a partial region of the cytochrome b gene was sequenced to design primers for PCR‐RFLP. Digestion profiles of G. molesta and G. dimorpha, using the Sau3A1 restriction enzyme, were characterized using three DNA fragments each for G. molesta (363 bp, 91 bp and 31 bp) and G. dimorpha (220 bp, 234 bp and 31 bp). The RFLP assay developed for both species in this study was more efficient and accurate than other currently used diagnostic assays and would be helpful to identify field‐collected specimens for pest control research.
Relationship between cytosine‐adenine repeat polymorphism of ADAMTS9 gene and clinical and radiologic severity of knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Gok Kevser , Cemeroglu Ozlem , Cakirbay Hasim , Gunduz Esra , Acar Muradiye , Cetin Elif Nihan , Gunduz Mehmet , Demircan Kadir 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to determine the role of cytosine‐adenine (CA) micro‐satellite repeat sequence of ADAMTS9 gene on the development and progression of osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsA total of 110 participants, including those with primary knee OA and healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Patients were stratified into two groups using the Kellgren–Lawrence staging (K–L staging) as group 1 for controls and mild OA and group 2 for moderate and severe OA. Genetic analyses were performed to determine the CA repeat length in ADAMTS9 gene.ResultsTwenty CA repeats were found to be statistically significant for differentiating groups 1 and 2 (P = 0.020). Age was the most significant risk factor involved, followed by ≥ 20 CA repeats and body mass index (P < 0.05). CA repeat length of ≥ 20 showed a 6.1‐fold increase in probability for having OA at stage 3 or 4 compared to those of CA repeat length of < 20 (P = 0.004). In conclusion, the CA repeat length of ≥ 20 has a six‐fold increase in probability for having severe OA.ConclusionADAMTS9 gene CA repeat polymorphism may be used to determine the prognosis for OA radiologic progression. Being the first in the literature reporting the CA repeat in the promotor region of ADAMTS9 gene in patients with OA, our study could be highlighted further in future research with larger sample size.
Chronic exposures and male fertility: the impacts of environment, diet, and drug use on spermatogenesis
Authors: Gabrielsen J. S. , Tanrikut C. 
Published: May 2016

SummarySeveral recent studies have suggested that sperm concentrations and semen quality have been decreasing over the past several decades in many areas of the world. The etiology of these decreases is currently unknown. Acute events can have significant impacts on spermatogenesis and are often readily identified during the male fertility evaluation. The majority of male factor infertility, however, is idiopathic. Chronic, low‐dose exposures to chemicals and nutrients are more difficult to identify, but are extremely prevalent. These exposures have been shown to have dramatic effects on both individual and community health and interest in the cumulative and synergistic impacts of such agents on spermatogenesis has been increasing. While our understanding of these potential hazards is evolving, it is clear that they may significantly influence male reproductive potential. This review explores the literature related to effects of chronic exposures from drug use, dietary intake, and the environment on spermatogenesis in humans and animals.
Role of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 in regulating erythropoietin‐induced activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase
Authors: Yu Y.‐B. , Su K.‐H. , Kou Y. R. , Guo B.‐C. , Lee K.‐I. , Wei J. , Lee T.‐S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimsErythropoietin (EPO), the key hormone involved in erythropoiesis, beneficially affects endothelial cells (ECs), but the detailed mechanisms are yet to be completely understood. In this study, we investigated the role of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), a ligand‐gated non‐selective calcium (Ca2+) channel, in EPO‐mediated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation and angiogenesis.Methods and resultsIn ECs, EPO time dependently increased intracellular levels of calcium; this increase was abrogated by the Ca2+ chelators and pharmacological inhibitors of TRPV1 in bovine aortic ECs (BAECs) and TRPV1‐transfected HEK293 cells. In addition, EPO‐induced nitrite oxide (NO) production, phosphorylation of eNOS, Akt and AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the formation of TRPV1–Akt–AMPK–eNOS complex as well as tube formation were diminished by the pharmacological inhibition of TRPV1 in BAECs. Moreover, EPO time dependently induced the phosphorylation of phospholipase C‐γ1 (PLC‐γ1). Inhibition of PLC‐γ1 activity blunted the EPO‐induced Ca2+ influx, eNOS phosphorylation, TRPV1–eNOS complex formation and NO production. The phosphorylated level of eNOS increased in the aortas of EPO‐treated wild‐type (WT) mice or EPO‐transgenic (Tg) mice but not in those of EPO‐treated TRPV1‐deficient (TRPV1−/−) mice or EPO‐Tg/TRPV1−/− mice. Matrigel plug assay showed that EPO‐induced angiogenesis was abrogated in TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine‐treated WT mice and TRPV1−/− mice.ConclusionThese findings indicate the EPO‐induced Ca2+ influx via the activation of the PLC‐γ1 signalling pathway, which leads to TRPV1 activation and consequently increases the association of the TRPV1–Akt–AMPK–eNOS complex, eNOS activation, NO production and angiogenesis.
Reflecting the transition from pain management services to chronic pain support group attendance: An interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Finlay Katherine A. , Elander James 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesTransitioning from clinical care to community‐based self‐management represents a significant challenge, throughout which social support can facilitate health adjustment and quality of life. However, community‐centred, peer‐led support structures are often underused. This study aimed to investigate the decision‐making processes involved in the choice to attend a chronic pain support group (CPSG) following discharge from a Pain Management Programme.DesignAn in‐depth, qualitative analysis was undertaken using interpretative phenomenological analysis, exploring participants’ subjective experiences, decision‐making, and rationale for initial CPSG attendance.MethodsTwelve participants (four males, eight females) were recruited from a regional CPSG and completed semi‐structured interviews lasting between 45 and 120 min. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed idiographically before a cross‐case analysis was completed.ResultsAnalysis of transcripts resulted in three superordinate themes: (1) The thirst for comparative friendship; (2) conjecture and the imminent choice; (3) progressive pain management. These themes reflect a desire for empathic, socially comparative friendships and the search for a forum in which to enhance pain self‐management strategies, yet also internal conflict over initial CPSG attendance.ConclusionSocial support and associated friendships are attractive to prospective CPSG members and are conceptualized as opportunities to engage in social comparison and nurture self‐care. The first visit to the support group presents a significant hurdle, but can be facilitated by managing the transition between therapeutic care and CPSG attendance. Clinicians can challenge preconceptions, foster positive viewpoints regarding the group and support collective decision‐making to attend. Following initial attendance, psychosocial well‐being was enhanced.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Social support functions as a protective buffer against declining health.

Joining a peer‐led support group can be initially intimidating and the first visit presents a significant hurdle.

What does this study add?

Participants are predominantly attracted to support groups due to the opportunity to develop new friendships.

Health‐related peer groups function as fora for social comparison, enhancing self‐esteem and self‐efficacy.

Experience of pain management programmes primes willingness to attend support groups.

The initial decision to attend is difficult but facilitated by collective, group decision‐making processes.

Health care professionals dynamically prime the transition towards peer support structures.
Angiotensin II analogues with N‐terminal lactam bridge cyclization: an overview on AT1 receptor activation and tachyphylaxis
Authors: Alves Flávio Lopes , Oliveira Vani Xavier , Miranda Antonio 
Published: May 2016

Angiotensin II (AngII) is the final active product of the renin enzymatic cascade, which is responsible for sustaining blood pressure. To investigate the effect of N‐terminal cyclization on AT1 activation and tachyphylaxis, we designed conformationally constrained analogues with an i‐(i + 1) lactam bridge. All analogues presented the same binding coefficient and tachyphylactic index, but some of them such as Cyclo (0‐1a) [Glu0, endo‐(Lys1a)]‐AngII and Cyclo (0‐1a) [Asp0, endo‐(Orn1a)]‐AngII showed higher potency. The same tachyphylactic index presented by AngII and cyclic analogues was surprising. We expected a variation after the modification of AngII N‐terminal region.
Functional reversal of (−)‐Stepholidine analogues by replacement of benzazepine substructure using the ring‐expansion strategy
Authors: Li Wei , Zhang Li , Xu Lili , Yuan Congmin , Du Peng , Chen Jiaojiao , Zhen Xuechu , Fu Wei 
Published: May 2016

(−)‐Stepholidine is an active ingredient of the Chinese herb Stephania and naturally occurring tetrahydroprotoberberine alkaloid with mixed dopamine receptor D1 agonistic and dopamine receptor D2 antagonistic activities. In this work, a series of novel hexahydrobenzo[4,5]azepino [2,1‐a]isoquinolines were designed and synthesized as ring‐expanded analogues of (−)‐Stepholidine. Initial pharmacological assays demonstrated that a benzazepine replacement was associated with significant increase in selectivity and functional reversal at dopamine receptor D1. Compound‐(−)‐15e (Ki = 5.32 ± 0.01 nm) is more potent than (−)‐Stepholidine (Ki = 13 nm) and was identified as a selective dopamine receptor D1 antagonist (IC50 = 0.14 μm). Moreover, molecular modeling suggested that (−)‐15e might exert its dopamine receptor D1 antagonistic activities through interacting with the transmembrane helix 7 of dopamine receptor D1.
Enablers of help‐seeking for deaf and disabled children following abuse and barriers to protection: a qualitative study
Authors: Jones Christine , Stalker Kirsten , Franklin Anita , Fry Deborah , Cameron Audrey , Taylor Julie 
Published: May 2016

AbstractResearch internationally has highlighted the increased vulnerability of deaf or disabled children to abuse and the frequently inadequate response of services. However, first‐hand accounts of deaf or disabled children have rarely been sought. This paper reports selected findings from one of the first studies exploring experiences of deaf and disabled children regarding help‐seeking following maltreatment. Innovative and sensitive research methods were employed to support 10 deaf or disabled people (children and adults) to take part in guided conversations. The study identifies three enablers of help‐seeking of deaf or disabled children: the capacity of adults to detect abuse and respond to disclosures, supportive relationships or circumstances which facilitate disclosure and for Deaf children, access to registered interpreters. Barriers to protection related to these are also discussed. Recommendations directed at policy makers, practitioners and families include education and awareness raising amongst practitioners, children, parents and carers; addressing isolation of deaf and disabled children; providing comprehensive support services that address the needs of the child holistically; ensuring that the voice of the child is heard; routine access to registered interpreters for Deaf children within mainstream and specialist services and measures to address disablism at local and institutional levels.
An Objective Deghosting Quality Metric for HDR Images
Authors: Tursun Okan Tarhan , Akyüz Ahmet Oğuz , Erdem Aykut , Erdem Erkut 
Published: May 2016

AbstractReconstructing high dynamic range (HDR) images of a complex scene involving moving objects and dynamic backgrounds is prone to artifacts. A large number of methods have been proposed that attempt to alleviate these artifacts, known as HDR deghosting algorithms. Currently, the quality of these algorithms are judged by subjective evaluations, which are tedious to conduct and get quickly outdated as new algorithms are proposed on a rapid basis. In this paper, we propose an objective metric which aims to simplify this process. Our metric takes a stack of input exposures and the deghosting result and produces a set of artifact maps for different types of artifacts. These artifact maps can be combined to yield a single quality score. We performed a subjective experiment involving 52 subjects and 16 different scenes to validate the agreement of our quality scores with subjective judgements and observed a concordance of almost 80%. Our metric also enables a novel application that we call as hybrid deghosting, in which the output of different deghosting algorithms are combined to obtain a superior deghosting result.
Large Scale Terrain Generation from Tectonic Uplift and Fluvial Erosion
Authors: Cordonnier Guillaume , Braun Jean , Cani Marie‐Paule , Benes Bedrich , Galin Éric , Peytavie Adrien , Guérin Éric 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAt large scale, landscapes result from the combination of two major processes: tectonics which generate the main relief through crust uplift, and weather which accounts for erosion. This paper presents the first method in computer graphics that combines uplift and hydraulic erosion to generate visually plausible terrains. Given a user‐painted uplift map, we generate a stream graph over the entire domain embedding elevation information and stream flow. Our approach relies on the stream power equation introduced in geology for hydraulic erosion. By combining crust uplift and stream power erosion we generate large realistic terrains at a low computational cost. Finally, we convert this graph into a digital elevation model by blending landform feature kernels whose parameters are derived from the information in the graph. Our method gives high‐level control over the large scale dendritic structures of the resulting river networks, watersheds, and mountains ridges.
Space‐Time Co‐Segmentation of Articulated Point Cloud Sequences
Authors: Yuan Qing , Li Guiqing , Xu Kai , Chen Xudong , Huang Hui 
Published: May 2016

AbstractConsistent segmentation is to the center of many applications based on dynamic geometric data. Directly segmenting a raw 3D point cloud sequence is a challenging task due to the low data quality and large inter‐frame variation across the whole sequence. We propose a local‐to‐global approach to co‐segment point cloud sequences of articulated objects into near‐rigid moving parts. Our method starts from a per‐frame point clustering, derived from a robust voting‐based trajectory analysis. The local segments are then progressively propagated to the neighboring frames with a cut propagation operation, and further merged through all frames using a novel space‐time segment grouping technqiue, leading to a globally consistent and compact segmentation of the entire articulated point cloud sequence. Such progressive propagating and merging, in both space and time dimensions, makes our co‐segmentation algorithm especially robust in handling noise, occlusions and pose/view variations that are usually associated with raw scan data.
General Projective Maps for Multidimensional Data Projection
Authors: Lehmann Dirk J. , Theisel Holger 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTo project high‐dimensional data to a 2D domain, there are two well‐established classes of approaches: RadViz and Star Coordinates. Both are well‐explored in terms of accuracy, completeness, distortions, and interaction issues. We present a generalization of both RadViz and Star Coordinates such that it unifies both approaches. We do so by considering the space of all projective projections. This gives additional degrees of freedom, which we use for three things: Firstly, we define a smooth transition between RadViz and Star Coordinates allowing the user to exploit the advantages of both approaches. Secondly, we define a data‐dependent magic lens to explore the data. Thirdly, we optimize the new degrees of freedom to minimize distortion. We apply our approach to a number of high‐dimensional benchmark datasets.
Seamless Video Stitching from Hand‐held Camera Inputs
Authors: Lin Kaimo , Liu Shuaicheng , Cheong Loong‐Fah , Zeng Bing 
Published: May 2016

AbstractImages/videos captured by portable devices (e.g., cellphones, DV cameras) often have limited fields of view. Image stitching, also referred to as mosaics or panorama, can produce a wide angle image by compositing several photographs together. Although various methods have been developed for image stitching in recent years, few works address the video stitching problem. In this paper, we present the first system to stitch videos captured by hand‐held cameras. We first recover the 3D camera paths and a sparse set of 3D scene points using CoSLAM system, and densely reconstruct the 3D scene in the overlapping regions. Then, we generate a smooth virtual camera path, which stays in the middle of the original paths. Finally, the stitched video is synthesized along the virtual path as if it was taken from this new trajectory. The warping required for the stitching is obtained by optimizing over both temporal stability and alignment quality, while leveraging on 3D information at our disposal. The experiments show that our method can produce high quality stitching results for various challenging scenarios.
CAMA: Contact‐Aware Matrix Assembly with Unified Collision Handling for GPU‐based Cloth Simulation
Authors: Tang Min , Wang Huamin , Tang Le , Tong Ruofeng , Manocha Dinesh 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe present a novel GPU‐based approach to robustly and efficiently simulate high‐resolution and complexly layered cloth. The key component of our formulation is a parallelized matrix assembly algorithm that can quickly build a large and sparse matrix in a compressed format and accurately solve linear systems on GPUs. We also present a fast and integrated solution for parallel collision handling, including collision detection and response computations, which utilizes spatio‐temporal coherence. We combine these algorithms as part of a new cloth simulation pipeline that incorporates contact forces into implicit time integration for collision avoidance. The entire pipeline is implemented on GPUs, and we evaluate its performance on complex benchmarks consisting of 100 – 300K triangles. In practice, our system takes a few seconds to simulate one frame of a complex cloth scene, which represents significant speedups over prior CPU and GPU‐based cloth simulation systems.
Learning to Mean in Spanish Writing: A Case Study of a Genre‐Based Pedagogy for Standards‐Based Writing Instruction
Authors: Troyan Francis J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis case study reports the results of a genre‐based approach, which was used to explicitly teach the touristic landmark description to fourth‐grade students of Spanish as a foreign language. The instructional model and unit of instruction were informed by the pedagogies of the Sydney School of Linguistics and an instructional model for integrating the three modes of communication, as well as the literature on content‐based instruction. An analysis of the writing of a focal student, Jackie, provides evidence of the potential of the pedagogy to develop students' ability to appropriate the linguistic representation of content in ways that current frameworks do not yet consider. Thus, implications of the findings are explored related to the integration of functional linguistics, genre theory, and genre‐based pedagogy for instruction that is informed by the World‐Readiness Standards, the ACTFL Proficiency Guidelines—Writing, and the NCSSFL‐ACTFL Can‐Do Statements for presentational writing.
Classical Kaposi sarcoma: case reports with unusual presentation on the penis and scrotum
Authors: Attwa Enayat , Gharib Khaled , Albalat Waleed , Amer Amin 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundKaposi sarcoma (KS) is the most common vascular neoplasm. Any skin area could be involved, including the genitalia. Traditionally, classic KS lesions have a general distribution, often involving skin of the feet and legs, and to a lesser extent, that of the hands, arms, and trunk. KS limited to the external genitalia is extremely rare in HIV seronegative individuals.MethodsWe report six patients of classic KS with generalized dermal KS lesions.ResultsTwo of them presenting with unusual KS lesions on the penis and scrotum beside the other dermal lesions. Patients were HIV negative and human herpes virus eight positive. Histological examination showed classical KS.ConclusionsPrimary KS of the penis and scrotum is rare but could occur in HIV‐negative patients.