bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Where the fish swim above the birds: configurations and challenges of wetland restoration in the Po Delta, Italy
Authors: Root‐Bernstein Meredith , Frascaroli Fabrizio 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWetland and estuary restoration presents a number of complex challenges that are primarily social, cultural, economic, and governance‐related rather than ecological. Here we consider the case of wetland restoration in the Po Delta, Italy. Wetland restoration of the Po Delta is a goal of a broad range of actors in the region and this project is a response to local calls for action. We investigate why local stakeholders are unsatisfied with apparently successful restoration projects, and appraise the factors that favor both the fulfillment of environmental targets and establishment of cooperative relations. We suggest that historical legacies of land use in the Po Delta have influenced current governance practices in a complex and fragmented governance context. Also, patterns of wetland restoration and wetland management practices differ between wetland types, and their outcomes may be influenced by the number of stakeholders involved, funding, and ability to generate direct revenues from management. However, there seem to be no blueprint solutions to successful wetland management and wetland restoration, and results are uneven at the landscape scale and often depending on contingencies. Maintaining traditional practices that retain cultural importance may be seen as part of restoration by local people. As a landscape that is highly anthropogenic and in continuous motion, we argue that the Delta exemplifies some of the challenges that restoration will face in a world increasingly characterized by novel ecosystems. We suggest actions that could contribute to enhancing wetland restoration outcomes in the Po Delta.
HIV and COPD: a conspiracy of risk factors
Authors: Lalloo Umesh G. , Pillay Sandy , Mngqibisa Rosie , Abdool‐Gaffar Sabeer , Ambaram Anish 
Published: May 2016

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an under recognized complication of HIV infection. It is estimated that up to 25% of HIV infected people may have COPD. HIV is associated with COPD as a result of a complex interplay of multiple factors such as pulmonary inflammation, recurrent pulmonary infections especially tuberculosis (TB), increased cigarette smoking, socio‐economic status, childhood respiratory illnesses and industrial and environmental exposures; each of which are risk factors for COPD in their own right. COPD presents at an earlier age in people with HIV infection. There are over 35 million people living with HIV, and most people infected with HIV live in developing regions of the world where they are faced with multiple risk factors for COPD and suboptimal access to health care. TB is the commonest infectious complication of HIV, and HIV infected persons often experience multiple episodes of TB. Cigarette smoking is increasing in developing countries where the greatest burden of TB and HIV is experienced. Cigarette smoking is associated with increased risk of TB and may be associated with acquisition of HIV infection and progression. It is not clear whether non‐infectious pulmonary inflammation persists in the lung when immune reconstitution occurs. Prevention and control of HIV infection must be part of the multiple interventions to reduce the global burden of COPD. A multidisciplinary approach, including behavioural science is required to address this challenge. It presents research opportunities that should be driven by the pulmonology community.
Is Environmental Protection Beneficial for the Environment?
Authors: Ansuategi Alberto , Marsiglio Simone 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe analyze a simple endogenous growth model with environmental interactions. Economic production generates emissions of pollutants whose environmental impact is mitigated by abatement activities financed by government expenditure; environmental quality affects preferences but does not play any productive role. We show that government intervention, by reallocating resources from capital accumulation to environmental preservation activities, allows the economy to achieve a sustainable balanced growth path. Along such a path, softer environmental policy regimes lead to win–win outcomes, fostering economic growth and improving environmental quality. Such a result needs to be interpreted as a long run outcome, but it clearly shows that the compatibility between economic growth and environmental improvement is far from automatic. Indeed, in the long run it could paradoxically be the case that both the economy and the environment benefit from low levels of environmental protection.
“If You Talk Badly about Drilling, You're a Pariah”: Challenging a Capitalist Patriarchy in Pennsylvania's Marcellus Shale Region
Authors: Filteau Matthew R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractResearch on energy development is largely gender neutral, creating a need to illuminate how gender structures life in contemporary energy boomtowns. This study demonstrates how gender and the local economy are intertwined to perpetuate a capitalist patriarchy, which structures life for residents in these communities. The purpose of this article is to show that this economic‐gender structure creates tensions between those men and women whose gender performances reinforce hegemony and those who perform gender in direct opposition to resource extraction. I argue that men and women unconstrained by the capitalist patriarchy are better able to challenge its dominance than residents employed in the local economy. I use qualitative interviews (N = 39) with community residents and observations of community events in northeastern Pennsylvania's Marcellus Shale region as the primary methods of data collection. This study complements previous research by demonstrating the relationship between masculinity and femininity, showing the variability of gender in natural‐resource‐based settings and defining the hierarchal relationship among masculinities and femininities during periods of rapid energy development.
Methods in Mechanical Testing of Arterial Tissue: A Review
Authors: Macrae R. A. , Miller K. , Doyle B. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMechanical testing of arterial tissue can provide unique insights into its behaviour. As measurement and computational techniques continue to advance, new applications can be discovered that increase the accuracy of characterising tissue behaviour. This review provides an overview of the general considerations involved in testing arterial tissue and discusses the more commonly employed in vitro techniques used to assess the mechanical properties of arterial tissue, as well as emerging techniques. The more common methods discussed are uniaxial, planar biaxial and inflation testing. With the increasing precision and versatility of optical measuring systems and the rising interest in the mechanical behaviour of vessels with complex geometries and material properties, we also discuss the emerging trend of full‐field measurement systems. Mechanical testing can be combined with bioreactor techniques to characterise the dynamic remodelling of arterial tissue in response to its mechanical environment. The analysis and characterisation provided by advanced mechanical testing techniques can produce and inform more accurate surgical simulations, as well as aid in the risk prediction and modelling of pathological conditions.
Discovery of a novel HLA‐B*13:01 variant, HLA‐B*13:01:12, in a Taiwanese bone marrow stem cell donor
Authors: Yang K. L. , Chen S.‐P. , Lin P. Y. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractOne nucleotide substitution at codon 189 of HLA‐B*13:01:01 results in a novel allele, HLA‐B*13:01:12.
Antifungal prophylaxis in liver transplant recipients: one size does not fit all
Authors: Giannella M. , Bartoletti M. , Morelli M. , Cristini F. , Tedeschi S. , Campoli C. , Tumietto F. , Bertuzzo V. , Ercolani G. , Faenza S. , Pinna A.D. , Lewis R.E. , Viale P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundTargeted antifungal prophylaxis against Candida species or against Candida species and Aspergillus species, according to individual patient risk factors (RFs), is recommended by experts. However, recent studies have reported fluconazole is as effective as broader spectrum antifungals for preventing invasive fungal infection (IFI) after liver transplantation (LT).MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of all adult patients who underwent LT at our 1420‐bed tertiary teaching hospital, from June 2010 to December 2014, to assess the rate and etiology of IFI within 100 days after LT, to investigate the compliance with targeted prophylaxis, and to analyze risk factors for developing IFI.ResultsIn total, 303 patients underwent LT. Patients were classified as having low (no RFs), intermediate (1 RF for invasive candidiasis [IC]), and high risk (1 RF for invasive aspergillosis [IA] or ≥2 RFs for IC) for IFI in 20%, 30%, and 50% of cases, respectively. A total of 139 patients received antifungal prophylaxis: 98 with a mold‐active drug and 41 with fluconazole. Overall adherence to targeted prophylaxis was 53%. Nineteen patients (6.3%) developed IFI: 7 IC and 12 IA. Multivariate Cox regression analysis, adjusted for median model for end‐stage liver disease score at LT, stratification risk group, and adherence to targeted prophylaxis, showed that graft dysfunction, renal replacement therapy, and prophylaxis with fluconazole were independent risk factors for IFI. Seven of the 9 patients who received fluconazole prophylaxis and developed IFI were classified as having high risk for IFI, and 6 developed IA.ConclusionRecommended stratification is accurate for predicting patients at very high risk for IFI, who should receive prophylaxis with a mold‐active drug.
Fibrinogen concentrate improves clot strength in patients with haematological malignancies requiring platelet transfusion
Authors: Munk‐Andersen H. , Schenk B. , Larsen O.H. , Fries D. , Fenger‐Eriksen C. 
Published: May 2016

SUMMARYBackgroundPatients with bone marrow failure secondary to chemotherapy often develop thrombocytopenia and require platelet transfusion. Fibrinogen plays an important role in platelet aggregation and the establishment of the primary haemostatic plug.ObjectivesTo compare the effects of in vivo platelet transfusion on clot firmness in thrombocytopenic patients with in vitro‐performed fibrinogen concentrate substitution.Materials and methodsThirty patients with haematological malignancy admitted for platelet transfusion were included. Haemostatic effects from platelet transfusion and ex vivo addition of fibrinogen concentrate at three different doses were evaluated by thromboelastometry, with clot firmness as the primary endpoint (A30 ExTEM assay). Secondary endpoints were other thromboelastometry parameters, thrombin generation parameters, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time PT, fibrinogen and factor XIII levels and a clinical bleeding score.ResultsTwenty patients (66%) had clinical bleeding signs by prior to transfusion. Platelets increased from 17 (range, 1–109) to 40 (range 2–139) × 109 L−1 following transfusion, with a median corrected count increment of 16·7 (range, 0·8–43·5). The A30 value increased significantly by platelet transfusion from 35 ± 11 to 47 ± 10 mm, with no changes in thrombin generation. Fibrinogen concentrate dose‐dependently increased A 30 (to 43 ± 10, 49 ± 9 and 50 ± 9 mm, respectively) and reduced parameters of thrombin generation at high doses. Platelet transfusion, together with fibrinogen concentrate, further increased clot firmness. APTT and PT were within normal range, whereas fibrinogen levels were slightly elevated.ConclusionFibrinogen concentrate increased clot firmness to the same degree as platelet transfusion in patients with low platelet count requiring platelet transfusion.
Haematological recovery in poor and good haematopoietic stem cell mobilisers
Authors: De Santis G. C. , Garcia‐Silva A. C. , Chiaramonte N. C. G. , Orellana M. D. , Prado B. P. A. , Oliveira L. C. , Simões B. P. , Covas D. T. 
Published: May 2016

SUMMARYObjectivesEvaluate whether poor mobilisers had delayed haematopoietic (neutrophil and platelet) recovery despite receiving similar cell dose as good mobilisers.BackgroundAutologous haematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) transplantation is indicated to treat some haematological malignancies. This procedure requires HPC mobilisation from bone marrow to peripheral blood. Cell dose is important for a fast haematological recovery. Despite being poor mobilisers, some patients can collect enough cell numbers for transplantation.ResultsFifteen poor mobiliser patients (peak of CD34+ cells ≤10 µL−1 in peripheral blood) were transplanted at our institution. Haematological recovery (neutrophil ≥ 500 µL−1) in this group was compared to that observed in the group of 16 patients of good mobilisers (peak of CD34+ cells ≥20 µL−1 in peripheral blood) who received similar cell dose (2·637 ± 0·1744 × 106 kg−1 vs 2·727 ± 0·1746 × 106 kg−1; P = 0·7177). The poor mobiliser group had neutrophil and platelet recovery later than the good mobiliser group (on day 12, range 9–14 vs day 10, range 9–22, P = 0·0381 for neutrophil, and on day 22·89 ± 11·16 and 14·08 ± 4·821, P = 0·0193 for platelet). Mortality rates and transfusion requirements were not different between the groups.ConclusionPoor mobilisers have delayed neutrophil and platelet recovery after autologous HPC transplantation despite having received the same cell dose as good mobilisers.
Potential impact on blood availability and donor iron status of changes to donor hemoglobin cutoff and interdonation intervals
Authors: Spencer Bryan R. , Johnson Bryce , Wright David J. , Kleinman Steven , Glynn Simone A. , Cable Ritchard G. ,   for the REDS‐II RISE Analysis Group
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUNDA minimum male hemoglobin (Hb) level of 13.0 g/dL becomes a Food and Drug Administration requirement effective May 2016. In addition, extending whole blood (WB) interdonation intervals (IDIs) beyond 8 weeks has been considered to reduce iron depletion in repeat blood donors. This study estimates the impact these changes might have on blood availability and donor iron status.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSSix blood centers participating in Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study‐II (REDS‐II) collected information on all donation visits from 2006 to 2009. Simulations were developed from these data using a multistage approach that first sought to adequately reproduce the patterns of donor return, Hb and ferritin levels, and outcomes of a donor's visit (successful single– or double–red blood cell donation, deferral for low Hb) observed in REDS‐II data sets. Modified simulations were used to predict the potential impact on the blood supply and donor iron status under different Hb cutoff and IDI qualification criteria.RESULTSMore than 10% of WB donations might require replacement under many simulated scenarios. Longer IDIs would reduce the proportion of donors with iron depletion, but 80% of these donors may remain iron‐depleted if minimal IDIs increased to 12 or 16 weeks.CONCLUSIONHigher Hb cutoffs and longer IDIs are predicted to have a potentially large impact on collections but only a modest impact on donor iron depletion. Efforts to address iron depletion should be targeted to at‐risk donors, such as iron supplementation programs for frequent donors, and policy makers should try to avoid broadly restrictive donation requirements that could substantially reduce blood availability.
Risk factors for transfusion in cesarean section deliveries at a tertiary hospital
Authors: Bao Yirong , Xu Chuanlu , Qu Xiaoxian , Quan Sijie , Dong Yinuo , Ying Hao 
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUNDThe purpose of this study was to determine which variables are associated with different levels of transfusion for cesarean delivery.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThis was a retrospective study conducted in a tertiary hospital. A total of 271 patients receiving blood transfusions for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) during a cesarean section and up to 24 hours after cesarean delivery between January 2006 and December 2013 were eligible for inclusion. Women in the transfused group were stratified into three subgroups according to number of units of red blood cells transfused: fewer than 5 units (mild transfusion), 5 to 10 units (moderate transfusion), and 10 or more units (massive transfusion). An additional 271 patients who delivered by cesarean section and suffered from PPH but did not require blood transfusion were selected as the nontransfused group.RESULTSThere were 271 patients who required a blood transfusion for PPH. The blood transfusion rate was 0.53% (271/50,699). After potential confounders were adjusted for, when compared with the nontransfused group, assisted reproductive technologies was a risk factor for mild transfusion (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.452, 95% CI 1.250‐4.808) and moderate transfusion (AOR 2.075, 95% CI 1.069‐4.028); placenta previa was a risk factor for moderate transfusion (AOR 2.736, 95% CI 1536‐4.874); and pernicious placenta previa was a risk factor for all transfusion subgroups (AOR 14.211, 95% CI 1.452‐39.089; AOR 12.462, 95% CI 1.275‐121.749; AOR 73.636, 95% CI 9.041‐599.742). More women were treated with intrauterine balloon pressure and uterine compression sutures in the mild, moderate, and massive transfusion groups.CONCLUSIONPlacenta previa was a risk factor associated with moderate transfusion, and pernicious placenta previa was the only modifiable prepartum risk factor independently associated with all transfused subgroups.
Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis due to PNPLA1 mutation in a golden retriever–poodle cross‐bred dog and the effect of topical therapy
Authors: Tamamoto‐Mochizuki Chie , Banovic Frane , Bizikova Petra , Laprais Aurore , Linder Keith E. , Olivry Thierry 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundIchthyoses represent a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous syndrome of abnormal epidermal cornification. Although the clinical presentation, histopathological findings and genetic cause of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) in golden retriever dogs have been well investigated, the optimal management of this disease remains uncharacterized.ObjectivesIn this report we describe the beneficial effect of oral and topical fatty acids for management of a golden retriever and poodle cross‐bred dog (goldendoodle) with ARCI due to a PNPLA1 (Patatin‐like phospholipase domain containing 1) mutation.Case reportA six‐month‐old, intact female, second generation golden retriever and poodle cross‐bred dog presented with a history of generalized scaling since the age of 6 weeks. Histopathology showed diffuse, laminated‐to‐compact hyperkeratosis with a single small perinuclear vacuole in occasional stratum granulosum keratinocytes. Genetic testing revealed a homozygotic insertion/deletion mutation in the gene PNPLA1. Daily oral fatty acid supplementation and humectant rinse, following weekly moisturizing shampoo, resulted in only mild improvement after two months. Weekly application of a topical essential oils and fatty acid product was then added. Thirteen months after the initial presentation the dog exhibited a marked improvement in clinical signs. The temporal discontinuation of topical therapy resulted in the worsening of scaling, which improved again after resuming this combination.Conclusions and clinical importanceTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case report of ARCI with homozygous PNPLA1 mutation in a golden retriever–poodle cross‐bred dog. The long‐term combination of oral fatty acids and topical therapy appeared to be beneficial in this case.
Molecular confirmation of shampoo as the putative source of Pseudomonas aeruginosa‐induced postgrooming furunculosis in a dog
Authors: Tham Heng L. , Jacob Megan E. , Bizikova Petra 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundAn acute onset furunculosis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa following grooming is a well recognized entity. Although contaminated shampoos have been suspected to be the source of the infection, a molecular confirmation of this association has been missing.ObjectiveThis case report describes a dog with postgrooming furunculosis in which Pseudomonas aeruginosa with an identical genetic fingerprint was isolated from the skin lesions as well as from the shampoo used prior to the disease onset.ResultsThe dog presented for lethargy, anorexia, pain and rapidly progressing skin lesions consistent with haemorrhagic papules, pustules, coalescing ulcers and crusts localized to the dorsal and lateral aspects of the thorax and gluteal region, which developed within 24 h after a bath. Cytology demonstrated suppurative inflammation with occasional intracellular rod‐shaped bacteria. Bacterial culture from skin lesions and the shampoo bottle yielded Pseudomonas aeruginosa with an identical pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis pattern. Treatment with oral ciprofloxacin and topical antimicrobial shampoo resulted in a complete resolution of skin lesions within eight weeks.Conclusion and clinical importanceOur clinical investigation suggests a link between Pseudomonas‐contaminated shampoo and development of postgrooming furunculosis, and underscores the need for hygienic management of shampoos to help limit this disease.
Influence of surgical bleeding on the relationship between admission coagulopathy and risk of massive transfusion: lesson from 704 severe trauma patients
Authors: Charbit J. , Lakhal K. , Deras P. , Dehon A. , Latry P. , Boissier E. , Schved J.‐F. , Capdevila X. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundThis study hypothesized that the relationship between early coagulopathy and massive transfusion (MT) in trauma was highly dependent on the presence of surgical bleeding.MethodsConsecutive severe trauma patients admitted to our institution over a 4‐year period were included in this retrospective study. Surgical bleeding was defined as an injury requiring an invasive endovascular or surgical haemostatic procedure. The ability of prothrombin time ratio (PTr) and activated partial thromboplastin time ratio (aPTTr) to predict MT (≥10 units of packed red blood cells during the first 24 h) was determined by ROC curves. The strength of association and interaction between PTr, surgical bleeding and MT was assessed using a logistic regression analysis.ResultsAmong the 704 patients included (ISS 21·0 ± 16·2), MT rate was higher in patients with surgical bleeding than in those with no surgical bleeding (47% vs. 5%; P < 0·001). The global performance of PTr and aPTTr to predict MT was only fair in our study population (AUCs 0·83 and 0·81). MT rate was widely higher in the surgical bleeding group whatever the severity of coagulopathy (P < 0·001). PTr was found to be significantly associated with TM [PTr ≥ 1·5, OR 23·6 (95% CI 13·4–41·7); PTr 1·2–1·5, OR 3·0 (95% CI 1·7–5·3)]. Corresponding ORs were reduced after adjusting for the surgical bleeding: 12·1 (95% CI 6·5–22·5) and 2·1 (95% CI 1·2–4·0), respectively. However, no significant interaction was found regression models.ConclusionThe strength of association between MT and coagulation status on admission was found strongly influenced by surgical bleeding. The admission coagulopathy monitoring in trauma patients without considering the surgical bleeding does not allow a reliable determination of MT probability.