bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manipulating mitochondrial reactive oxygen species alters survival in unexpected ways in a Drosophila Cdk5 model of neurodegeneration
Authors: Wodrich Andrew P. K. , Harris Brent T. , Giniger Edward 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with aging and neurodegeneration, but the significance of this association remains obscure. Here, using a Drosophila Cdk5 model of age-related neurodegeneration, we probe this relationship in the pathologically relevant tissue, the brain, by quantifying three specific mitochondrial ROS and manipulating these redox species pharmacologically. Our goal is to ask whether pathology-associated changes in redox state are detrimental for survival, whether they may be beneficial responses to pathology, or whether they are covariates of pathology that do not alter viability. We find, surprisingly, that increasing mitochondrial H2O2 correlates with improved survival. We also find evidence that drugs that alter the mitochondrial glutathione redox potential modulate survival primarily through the compensatory effects they induce rather than through their direct effects on the final mitochondrial glutathione redox potential. We also find that the response to treatment with a redox-altering drug varies depending on the age and genotype of the individual receiving the drug as well as the duration of the treatment. These data have important implications for the design and interpretation of studies investigating the effect of redox state on health and disease as well as on efforts to modify the redox state to achieve therapeutic goals.
Mainstream Germline Genetic Testing with Expanded Eligibility for Early Breast Cancer Patients in a Large Integrated Health System
Authors: Shim Veronica , Karlea Audrey , Brenman Leslie Manace , Gul Jamila , Hoodfar Elizabeth , Chan Tracy D. , Engeman Poline C. , Sheldon Vanessa M. , Thorne-Hadfield Deirdre M. , Odele Patience , Vuong Brooke , McEvoy Jennifer , Chang C. K. , Kotak Dinesh , Habel Laurel A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
This study evaluated a new mainstream genetic testing pathway for hereditary cancer, with expanded eligibility for early-stage breast cancer patients.

Methods
The study compared multigene panel (62 genes) germline testing uptake and results for breast cancer patients at 4 pilot sites (n = 502 patients) and 10 non-pilot sites (n = 1792 patients) within Kaiser Permanente Northern California from December 2020, to June 2021. At the pilot sites, breast care coordinators (BCCs) offered and consented patients for testing, with eligibility expanded to include all patients age 65 years or younger. At the non-pilot sites, eligible patients were referred to genetics for pre-test counseling, ordering, and follow-up evaluation with the standard guideline that included all patients age 45 years or younger.

Results
Demographic and disease characteristics were similar at the pilot and non-pilot sites. At the pilot verses non-pilot sites, a higher percentage of patients was tested overall (61.6% vs 31.7%) and across all age groups. The median time from breast biopsy to test result also was reduced (22 vs 33 days, respectively). A higher percentage of patients at the pilot sites was identified as having a pathogenic/likely pathogenic variant (PV/LPV) in a breast cancer-related gene (3.6% vs 1.6%). Although the percentage of total patients tested was nearly twofold higher at the pilot sites than at the non-pilot sites, the percentage of total patients seen by genetics was estimated to be similar (33.7% vs 31.7%).

Conclusion
Mainstream genetic testing of breast cancer patients facilitated by BCCs makes it feasible for a large health care system to expand germline genetic testing to early breast cancer patients age 65 years or younger.
The Role of Exercise in Improving Sleep Quality Across Sleep Disorders: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Paduch-Jakubczyk Wiktoria , Dubińska Michalina , Bilska Wiktoria , Ciułek Urszula , Dobosz Anna , Zduńczyk Wiktoria , Żydek Ada 
Published: September 2024

Introduction and Objective: Sleep disturbances are increasingly common in the general population, posing significant public health challenges and economic burdens. Traditional treatments frequently fall short, leading to increased interest in physical activity as an alternative approach. This review aims to evaluate the efficacy of exercise in improving sleep quality across various conditions, including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), insomnia, Parkinson’s Disease (PD), depression and the perimenopausal period.
Review and Methods: The review draws from studies, including randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses, sourced via Google Scholar and PubMed.
State of Knowledge: Research highlights the significant public health impact of sleep disturbances. Studies suggest that regular exercise can improve sleep quality across conditions like OSA, PD, depression, and menopause. Traditional treatments, such as CPAP, psychotherapy, and medications, often have limitations. As a result, there is growing interest in using physical activity as alternative therapy or a complementary approach to enhance these existing options.
Conclusions: Exercise shows promise as a non-pharmacological intervention for sleep disorders, offering potential benefits for various conditions. Further research is needed to refine exercise protocols and understand its mechanisms. Integrating physical activity into treatment plans could enhance sleep quality and health outcomes alongside existing therapies.
What Are the Firm Value Implications of SEC-Challenged Shareholder Proposals?
Authors: Couvert Maxime 
Published: September 2024

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) permits managers to request the exclusion of shareholder-initiated proposals. I construct a novel data set of excluded and withdrawn proposals from the SEC’s responses to managers’ requests. An examination of announcement returns to withdrawal and exclusion decisions demonstrates that SEC-challenged proposals are value destroying. I find that special interest investors pursuing self-serving agendas and retail investors advocating for one-size-fits-all reforms explain the value-destroying nature of SEC-challenged proposals. On average, the SEC challenge benefits firm value by filtering out these harmful proposals. However, a regression discontinuity design reveals that proposals the SEC refuses to exclude may receive majority shareholder support and destroy firm value. This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting. Funding: I thank the Swiss Finance Institute for its generous financial support. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.01344 .
Competition in Optimal Stopping: Behavioral Insights
Authors: Rios Ignacio , Ghosh Pramit 
Published: September 2024

Problem definition: We study settings where agents sequentially search among different options under competition. Motivated by labor markets and the allocation of kidneys from deceased donors, we focus on the effect of (i) the mechanism to collect decisions, that is, whether all agents make their decisions simultaneously or sequentially, and (ii) competition, that is, the number of agents who are searching from a shared pool of options. Methodology/results: We introduce a model of sequential search under competition, in which agents are exogenously prioritized and must decide when to stop their search to maximize the chosen option’s value. We characterize the optimal policy, which defines a sequence of thresholds that dictates when each agent should accept an option based on their priority relative to others still searching and the number of remaining options. Our analysis reveals that neither the mechanism for collecting agents’ decisions nor the number of lower-priority agents influences the optimal policy. To test these predictions, we designed and conducted a laboratory experiment replicating our theoretical model. The results indicate significant deviations from the optimal policy. Moreover, we find that the mechanism significantly affects agents’ decisions due to primarily two drivers: (i) saliency of competition and (ii) frustration. Finally, we identify an “illusion of competition” effect, whereby agents use significantly lower thresholds when the number of agents with lower priority increases. Managerial implications: Our results show that a higher perception of competition and using a simultaneous mechanism (i.e., batch offering) significantly decrease the thresholds that agents use to guide their search, making them stop their search earlier. Thus, clearinghouses that suffer from inefficient discard of options should increase the saliency of competition and use batch offerings to reduce agents’ selectivity and mitigate waste. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.0621 .
Rationale and protocol for a safety, tolerability and feasibility randomized, parallel arm, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot study of a novel ketone ester targeting frailty via immunometabolic geroscience mechanisms
Authors: Stubbs Brianna J. , Alvarez Azañedo Gabriela , Peralta Sawyer , Diaz Stephanie Roa , Gray Wyatt , Alexander Laura , Silverman-Martin Wendie , Garcia Thelma Y. , Blonquist Traci M. , Upadhyay Vaibhav , Turnbaugh Peter J. , Johnson James B. , Newman John C. 
Published: September 2024

Background
Frailty is a geriatric syndrome characterized by chronic inflammation and metabolic insufficiency that creates vulnerability to poor outcomes with aging. We hypothesize that interventions which target common underlying mechanism of aging could ameliorate frailty. Ketone bodies are metabolites produced during fasting or on a ketogenic diet that have pleiotropic effects on inflammatory and metabolic aging pathways in laboratory animal models. Ketone esters (KEs) are compounds that induce ketosis without dietary changes, but KEs have not been studied in an older adult population. Our long-term goal is to examine if KEs modulate aging biology mechanisms and clinical outcomes relevant to frailty in older adults.

Objectives
The primary objective of this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, parallel-group, pilot trial is to determine tolerability of 12-weeks of KE ingestion in a broad population of older adults (≥ 65 years). Secondary outcomes include safety and acute blood ketone kinetics. Exploratory outcomes include physical function, cognitive function, quality of life, aging biomarkers and inflammatory measures.

Methods
Community-dwelling adults who are independent in activities of daily living, with no unstable acute medical conditions (n = 30) will be recruited. The study intervention is a KE or a taste, appearance, and calorie matched placebo beverage. Initially, acute 4-hour ketone kinetics after 12.5g or 25g of KE consumption will be assessed. After collection of baseline safety, functional, and biological measurements, subjects will randomly be allocated to consume KE 25g or placebo once daily for 12-weeks. Questionnaires will assess tolerability daily for 2-weeks, and then via phone interview at bi-monthly intervals. Safety assessments will be repeated at week 4. All measures will be repeated at week 12.

Conclusion
This study will evaluate feasibility, tolerability, and safety of KE consumption in older adults and provide exploratory data across a range of aging-related endpoints. This data will inform design of larger trials to rigorously test KE effects on aging mechanisms and clinical outcomes relevant to frailty.
Different Etiological Entities of Liver Cancer Across Populations: Implications From Age-Period-Cohort Analysis on Incidence Trends
Authors: Chen Tian-Wen , Cheng Yi-Jun , Huang Yong-Ying , Liu Zhiqiang , Liu Jing-Feng , Xie Shao-Hua 
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION:
The incidence of liver cancer has shown different temporal trends across populations, while the underlying reasons remain unclear.

METHODS:
We examined temporal trends in the incidence of liver cancer in Hong Kong, Sweden, and the United States since the 1970s through 2021 using joinpoint regression and age-period-cohort analysis.

RESULTS:
The age-standardized incidence rate of liver cancer in Hong Kong steadily decreased (average annual percentage change [AAPC] −2.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI] −2.8% to −1.7% in men; AAPC −2.1%, 95% CI −3.1% to −1.1% in women) in 1983–2020. The rate in Sweden increased on average by 0.8% (95% CI 0.2%–1.4%) per year in men and was stable in women (AAPC 0.2%, 95% CI −0.9%–1.4%) in 1970–2021. The rate in the United States increased by 2.1% (95% CI 1.5%–2.8%) per year in men and by 2.1% (95% CI 1.6%–2.5%) in women in 1975–2020, but decreasing trends were noted in 2015–2020 (AAPC −6.6%, 95% CI −8.3% to −4.9% in men; AAPC −4.2%, 95% CI −7.5% to −0.8% in women). Stratified analysis by histological type showed such decrease in recent years was limited to hepatocellular carcinoma, rather than intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. We observed distinct changes in trends across age groups and different trends across birth cohorts.

DISCUSSION:
The incidence of liver cancer has decreased in Hong Kong but increased in Sweden and in the United States since the 1980s, despite the decreasing incidence in the United States since 2015. Such disparities may be explained by different etiology and implementation of preventive measures across populations.
Caracterización tecnológica: edad de transición y análisis de la densidad y propiedades mecánicas en madera de Salix sp.
Authors: Cobas Ana Clara , Tortoriello Miguel 
Published: September 2024

El mundo atraviesa una severa crisis de contaminación ambiental. Sumado a esto, el crecimiento demográfico demanda la construcción de viviendas en la cuales se utiliza el hormigón como material principal. Este material, se compone tradicionalmente de: arena, grava, agua, aire y cemento. La fabricación del cemento portland, es responsable del 4 por ciento de la contaminación total por anhídrido carbónico (CO2), debido a la quema de combustibles fósiles que ello implica. Una forma de mitigar este tipo de contaminación sería utilizar la madera en la construcción. Sin embargo, al ser la madera un material de origen biológico y heterogéneo es necesario estudiar sus propiedades y las variaciones de estas dentro del fuste de manera de definir su destino final y más si el mismo es su uso estructural. En este trabajo se estudió la densidad básica, la edad de transición entre madera juvenil y madura y la resistencia a la flexión y dureza Janka del Salix babylonica x Salix alba 'Ragonese 131-27’. El valor de densidad obtenido (0,416 g cm-³) permitió clasificar a esta madera como liviana (valor similar a los presentados para Eucalyptus grandis, Álamos y Pino Oregón). Los valores obtenidos de resistencia a la flexión y dureza Janka reportan valores similares a los encontrados para otras maderas comerciales, lo que permitiría su uso como madera sólida.
Prenatal diagnostic errors in hemoglobin Bart’s hydrops fetalis caused by rare genetic interactions of α-thalassemia
Authors: Singha Kritsada , Yamsri Supawadee , Sanchaisuriya Kanokwan , Fucharoen Goonnapa , Fucharoen Supan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To describe rare genetic interactions of α-thalassemia alleles causing Hb H disease and Hb Bart’s hydrops fetalis which could lead to diagnostic errors in a routine practice.

Methods
Hematological and molecular characterization were carried out in a Thai family with a risk of having fetus with Hb Bart’s hydrops fetalis.

Results
Both parents were found to be the thalassemia intermedia patients associated with unusual forms of Hb H disease. DNA analysis of common α-thalassemia mutations in Thailand identified α+-thalassemia (-α3.7 kb del) and unknown α0-thalassemia in the father and α0-thalassemia (--SEA) with unknown α+-thalassemia in the mother. Fetal DNA analysis unlikely identified a homozygosity for α0-thalassemia (--SEA/--SEA). Further analysis identified that the father carried a rare South African α0-thalassemia in combination with α+-thalassemia (--SA/-α), whereas the mother was a patient with Hb H-Queens Park disease (--SEA/ααQP). The fetus was, in fact, a compound heterozygote for (--SA/--SEA).

Conclusions
As shown in this study, routine screening for α-thalassemia at prenatal diagnosis in the region should include both common and rare α0-thalassemia alleles found in the population to effectively prevent a fatal condition of Hb Bart’s hydrops fetalis syndrome.
Influence of 1,1′-Azobis(cyclohexanezonitrile) on the thermo-oxidative aging performance of diolefin elastomers
Authors: Qin Quan , Liu Gui-Xiang , Wu Ji-Chong , Sun Wei-Xing , Liao Shuangquan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Diolefin elastomers play an important role in production and life, but their unsaturated structure leads to extreme vulnerability to heat and oxygen attack, so research into the aging of diolefin elastomers has been a hot spot in the industry. To overcome this limitation, a strategy based on the thermal decomposition of 1,1′-Azobis(cyclohexanezonitrile) (Azo) is devised, which forms stabilized compounds with imine groups during the heat process and captures radical. The diolefin elastomer was combined with azo, and isoprene rubber (IR) is chosen as a model material. Azo was added to IR to prepare the composite material (IR-Azo), and the thermo-oxidative resistance of the composite was significantly improved. Such as, after being exposed to thermo-oxidative conditions for 24 h, IR-Azo showed a tensile strength of 14.96 MPa with a retention rate of 68.25% which exceeded that of many traditional antioxidants. This study provides new insights into the development of elastomers with excellent thermo-oxidative resistance.
High-selectivity wideband bandpass filter based on quintuple-mode stub-loaded resonator and defected ground structures
Authors: Zhang Yunxiang , Gu Bin , Wu Zichen , Wang Yicheng , Li Jixuan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A high-selectivity wideband bandpass filter (BPF) based on a quintuple-mode stub-loaded resonator and defected ground structures (DGSs) is presented. Thanks to the symmetrical topology, the even/odd theory is adopted for analyses. By properly adjusting the stub dimensions, the resonant frequencies of the transmission poles and zeros can be controlled to obtain wide passband and sharp out-of-band rejection performances. The bandwidth of the upper stopband is further extended by introducing a pair of DGSs under the interdigital coupled line feeding structures, and the spurious response rejection is improved by 18.9 dB. A BPF prototype that operates at 6 GHz with a fractional bandwidth (RBW) of 70 % is manufactured for validation. The measured insertion loss and return loss are 1.3 and 17 dB, respectively. The measured out-of-band rejection over DC-2 GHz and 8.8–21 GHz are better than −30 dB.
Evaluation of alteration in the geothermal province west of Cappadocia, Türkiye: Mineralogical, petrographical, geochemical, and remote sensing data
Authors: Bilgilioglu Hacer 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study determines the mineralogical, petrographical, and geochemical properties of the rocks outcropping in geothermal areas west of the Cappadocia geothermal region. These areas include Ziga, Narlıgöl, Belisırma, Ilısu, and Sivrihisar. The study reveals their hydrothermal alteration characteristics. Also, the study aims to determine the zones of hydrothermal alterations using remote sensing. Rock samples from geothermal areas were performed using optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry techniques for the determination of mineralogical assemblages and major, trace and REE's analyses. Rock samples, determined as ignimbrites and tuff, exhibit intensive alterations. XRD analysis determined the association of alteration minerals. The dominant clay minerals were kaolinite, montmorillonite, and illite. The analyses and mineral associations are compatible with argillic, mid-argillic alteration, and silicification zones. Alteration zones were identified by classifying the ASTER satellite images of kaolinite, illite, and montmorillonite using the CROSTA technique. The alteration zones observed in this study are close to existing geothermal areas. In addition, different regions with these alterations have been identified within the study area and are expected to be a valuable reference for future geothermal exploration.
The Opinio Juris and Opinio Moris in the Anglo-American Interventions During the Greek Civil War: An Archival Study of Legal Narratives
Authors: Baka Anna Irene 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article investigates the British and American interventions in Greece during the Greek Civil War, examining their legal and moral justifications. Using archival documents, the study uncovers two primary layers of discourse: the official diplomatic language of opinio juris (conviction of legality) and opinio moris (conviction of morality), alongside the covert political interests that drove these interventions. The research argues that British and American actions were primarily motivated by a ‘conviction of interest,’ with legal and moral narratives used tactically to justify their interventions. The archival materials reveal a notable lack of empathy and understanding from British and American officials regarding the trauma endured by the Greek populace due to the German occupation and collaborationist violence. Additionally, there was a significant neglect of the will of the Greek people. The study critically examines the Caserta and Civil Affairs Agreements, which provided a legal basis for British intervention, arguing that these agreements, when viewed in light of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, fail to justify the extent of foreign interference, thus questioning the authenticity of Greek consent. The article also explores the transition from British to American dominance in Greek affairs. As Britain faced economic constraints after the end of WWII, it ceded its role to the U.S., leading to the formulation of the Truman Doctrine and the implementation of the Marshall Plan. The U.S. intervention is analyzed through legal and geopolitical lenses, revealing a strategic focus on preventing communist expansion rather than providing purely legal or moral support for Greece’s recovery. Similar to British actions, American involvement often overlooked the political situation and the will of the Greek people, thereby contributing to prolonged instability.
The potential of Mitragyna speciosa leaves as a natural source of antioxidants for disease prevention
Authors: Arief Ihsanul , Sunnardianto Gagus Ketut , Khairi Syahrul , Saputri Wahyu Dita 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Mitragyna speciosa is famous for its addictive effect. On the other hand, this plant has good potential as an antioxidant agent, and so far, it was not explicitly explained what the most contributing compound in the leaves to that activity is. This study has been conducted using several computational methods to determine which compounds are the most active in interacting with cytochrome P450, myeloperoxidase, and NADPH oxidase proteins. First, virtual screening was carried out based on molecular docking, followed by profiling the properties of adsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET); the second one is the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for 100 ns. The virtual screening results showed that three compounds acted as inhibitors for each protein: (-)-epicatechin, sitogluside, and corynoxeine. The ADMET profiles of the three compounds exhibit good drug ability and toxicity. The trajectories study from MD simulations predicts that the complexes of these three compounds with their respective target proteins are stable. Furthermore, these compounds identified in this computational study can be a potential guide for future experiments aimed at assessing the antioxidant properties through in vitro testing.