bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of negative publicity in consumer evaluations of sports stars and their sponsors
Authors: Yoon Sung‐Wook , Shin Seongyeon 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis paper aims to specify and test empirically the impact that two types of negative information (immorality and incompetence) about a sports star have on consumers' perceptions of the sports star and the sponsor. The moderating role of game relevance (game‐related and non‐game‐related) and fan identification with a sports star (high identification and low identification) are also investigated. Using a sample of South Korean consumers (n = 249), we found in the experiment that the type of negative information affects participants' attitudes toward the sports star and the sponsor. This result implies that a sports star's involvement in negative events not only damages the star's reputation but also detracts from the value of the sponsor company. The results also show that the two factors moderate the main effects of negative publicity on consumers' perception of the sports star and his or her sponsor. First, the negative publicity about the sports star's functional issues (e.g., a career‐threatening injury) negatively affects consumer attitude toward the sports star and the sponsor more in the out‐of‐game context than in the in‐game situation. Second, bad sports star publicity has a greater negative effect on consumer perception of sponsors for lowly identified than highly identified sports stars, while the moderating effect on consumer perception of the sports star is not significant. Detailed practical implications and academic contributions are discussed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sustainable Synthesis of Balsalazide and Sulfasalazine Based on Diazotization with Low Concentrations of Nitrogen Dioxide in Air
Authors: Hofmann Dagmar , Gans Eva , Krüll Jasmin , Heinrich Markus R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractLow concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, which arises as a side product from a range of industrial processes, can effectively be recycled through the diazotization of anilines. The studies reported herein now demonstrate that the removal of nitrogen dioxide from gas streams is even more effective when hydrophilic anilines are used as starting materials. The diazonium salts, which are obtained in this way in up to quantitative yields, can directly be employed in azo coupling reactions, thus opening up an attractive route to the industrially important group of azo compounds.
Complexation of Racemic 2,6‐Helic[6]arene and Its Hexamethyl‐Substituted Derivative with Quaternary Ammonium Salts, N‐Heterocyclic Salts, and Tetracyanoquinodimethane
Authors: Zhang Geng‐Wu , Li Peng‐Fei , Wang Han‐Xiao , Han Ying , Chen Chuan‐Feng 
Published: January 2017

AbstractComplexation of racemic 2,6‐helic[6]arene 1 and its hexamethyl‐substituted derivative 2 with quaternary ammonium salts, N‐heterocyclic salts, and tetracyanoquinodimethane have been described in detail. It was found that host 2 could form stable complexes with acetyl choline, thiaacetyl choline, N,N,N‐trimethylbenzenammonium salt, pyridinium, and 4,4′‐bipyridinium salts in solution and/or in the solid state. The unsubstituted macrocycle 1 showed more significant complexation with the widely tested quaternary ammonium salts and N‐heterocyclic salts, and exhibited stronger complexation towards the guests than its derivative 2. Moreover, it was found that macrocycle 1 and its derivative 2 could also complex with neutral electron‐deficient tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), and the association constants were determined to be 2840±94 and 1358±46 m−1, respectively. These results could make this new macrocycle and its derivatives find wide applications in the design and construction of functional supramolecular assemblies.
A pilot randomized controlled trial of cognitive bias modification to reduce fear of breast cancer recurrence
Authors: Lichtenthal Wendy G. , Corner Geoffrey W. , Slivjak Elizabeth T. , Roberts Kailey E. , Li Yuelin , Breitbart William , Lacey Stephanie , Tuman Malwina , DuHamel Katherine N. , Blinder Victoria S. , Beard Courtney 
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUNDThe most common, persistent concern among survivors of breast cancer is the fear that their disease will return, yet to the authors' knowledge, few interventions targeting fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) have been developed to date. The current pilot study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a home‐delivered cognitive bias modification intervention to reduce FCR. The intervention, called Attention and Interpretation Modification for Fear of Breast Cancer Recurrence (AIM‐FBCR), targeted 2 types of cognitive biases (ie, attention and interpretation biases).METHODSA total of 110 survivors of breast cancer were randomized to receive 8 sessions of 1 of 2 versions of AIM‐FBCR or a control condition program. Computer‐based assessments of cognitive biases and a self‐report measure of FCR were administered before the intervention, after the intervention, and 3 months after the intervention.RESULTSImprovements in health worries (P = .019) and interpretation biases (rates of threat endorsement [P<.001] and reaction times for threat rejection [P = .007]) were found in those survivors who received AIM‐FBCR compared with the control arm. Although only 26% of participants who screened into the study agreed to participate, the trial otherwise appeared feasible and acceptable, with 83% of those who initiated the intervention completing at least 5 of 8 sessions, and 90% reporting satisfaction with the computer‐based program used.CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current pilot study suggest the promise of AIM‐FBCR in reducing FCR in survivors of breast cancer. Future research should attempt to replicate these findings in a larger‐scale trial using a more sophisticated, user‐friendly program and additional measures of improvement in more diverse samples. Cancer 2017;123:1424–1433. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
The Role of Interfaces in Heterostructures
Authors: Bärtsch Mario , Niederberger Markus 
Published: January 2017

AbstractNanocomposites represent an interesting class of materials because their applications are of multidisciplinary importance. Herein, interactions at the interface of heterostructures, leading to superior performance and sometimes to synergistic interactions, are highlighted. Although the types of junctions seem to be similar in different fields, the requirements for their function is device‐dependent and thus no generally valid recipe can be utilized. Nonetheless, the overlap between research fields unveils the unique opportunity to combine the different knowledge and expertise as an inspiration to designing new composites for photoelectrochemical water splitting, photocatalysis, chemoresistive sensors, batteries, and composite multiferroics. A non‐comprehensive overview is provided with focus on selected examples to highlight the concepts behind these nanojunctions.
Determination of bubble size distribution in gas–liquid two‐phase systems via an ultrasound‐based method
Authors: Chen Xue , Hussein Mohamed , Becker Thomas 
Published: January 2017

Over the past few years, ultrasonic techniques are increasingly used to determine bubble size distribution in gas–liquid two‐phase systems. However, the development of a precise and efficient measuring system is very challenging because bubbles are dynamic and unstable relative to time and space in a moving fluid, thus hindering an accurate validation of the measuring system. Therefore, this study examined the possibility of using artificial bubbles to establish an ultrasonic measuring system.The main concept for this study involved developing an ultrasound‐based measuring system with the aid of a certain type of artificial bubbles. The developed system was subsequently adapted to the bypass pipeline of a propagator to demonstrate the reliability of this concept. The results indicated that the established system could measure a microbubble size distribution with a root mean squared error of validation that corresponded to 0.1243 % v/v. Additionally, the estimates of real bubble measurement agreed well with the reference method. Thus, this study demonstrated that the developed system could be a potential method to determine bubble size distributions in gas–liquid two‐phase systems.
Polyvinylamine‐coated polyester fibers as a carrier matrix for the immobilization of peroxidases
Authors: Kiehl Katharina , Opwis Klaus , Gutmann Jochen S. 
Published: January 2017

Biocatalytic transformations that employ immobilized enzymes become increasingly important for industrial applications. Synthetic or natural textile fiber materials such as polyester, polyamide or viscose are support materials that are comparatively inexpensive. Contrary to traditional support materials, their flexibility enables their use in reactors of any geometry and a fast and residue‐free removal from batch reactors. In this study a permanently immobilized peroxidase (Baylase®) has been investigated on polyester felt as a solid support as a new heterogeneous catalyst system. The polyester felt was functionalized by coating with polyvinylamine and subsequent activation with glutaraldehyde as a crosslinking agent. The enzyme load on the textile surface, the activity of the immobilized protein after repeated use as well as the storage stability was evaluated. Scanning electron micrographs and UV Vis spectroscopy made it possible to verify the enzyme immobilization on the textile surface. Furthermore, the load of immobilized peroxidase was determined by ICP OE spectrometry to be 9–12 mg per gram of textile. The activity of immobilized Baylase® remained high over 35 reaction cycles and a storage period of 8 weeks.
Direct light field rendering without 2D image generation
Authors: Jeong Young Ju , Chang Hyun Sung , Nam Dongkyung , Kuo C.‐C. Jay 
Published: January 2017

AbstractRapid developments in 3D display technologies have enabled consumers to enjoy 3D environments in an increasingly immersive manner through various display systems such as stereoscopic, multiview, and light field displays. However, there is a corresponding increase in the complexity of the conventional multiview rendering process in the attempt to achieve a sufficient level of reality, which may hinder the further commercial viability of 3D display products based on such a conventional approach. This paper proposes a novel method, the so‐called direct light field rendering, which can compose the display 3D panel image without reconstructing all the multiview images beforehand. Interpreting the 3D display as sampling in the light field domain, we attempt to directly compute only the necessary samples, not the entire light fields or multiview images. Our proposed algorithm involves the solving of linear systems of two variables, thereby requiring remarkably low computational complexities. Experimental results show that the computation time and memory usage remain as little as 12% and 1% of those required by the conventional one.
Laboratory Studies on the Influence of Rainfall Pattern on Rill Erosion and Its Runoff and Sediment Characteristics
Authors: He Ji‐jun , Sun Li‐ying , Gong Hui‐li , Cai Qiang‐guo 
Published: January 2017

AbstractRill is a major type of erosion on upland slopes. Continuous rainfall is commonly used in laboratory studies on rill erosion despite the fact the rainfall was often discontinuous in the field; this is particularly true in the Chinese Loess Plateau. This study compares rill erosion under continuous and intermittent rainfalls by using laboratory experiments. The experiments include two rainfall‐intensity treatments (90 and 120 mm h−1) and two rainfall‐pattern treatments (continuous and intermittent). The results indicate that rill formation had a significant effect on runoff and sediment concentration. For continuous and intermittent rainfall at the rainfall intensity of 90 mm h−1, the mean sediment concentrations were 1·91 and 1·73 times after rill initiation than those before rill initiation, respectively, and the rill erosion accounted for 75·5% and 77·7% of runoff duration, respectively. For continuous and intermittent rainfall at the rainfall intensity of 120 mm h−1, the mean sediment concentrations after rill initiation were 1·38 and 1·32 times that those before rill initiation, respectively, and the rill erosion represented 88·7% and 78·8% of the total runoff duration, respectively. We observed sediment sorting under all treatments; however, the low rainfall intensity boosted but the high rainfall intensity lowered the clay fraction; in contrast, the sorting remained roughly the same between the rainfall‐pattern treatments. The runoff velocity also affected the sediment sorting. Our empirical results indicated the important significance of the rainfall intermittence in predicting rill erosion. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the topological type of a set of plane valuations with symmetries
Authors: Campillo A. , Delgado F. , Gusein‐Zade S. M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractLet be a set of irreducible plane curve singularities. For an action of a finite group G, let be the Alexander polynomial in variables of the algebraic link and let with identical variables in each group. (If , is the monodromy zeta function of the function germ , where is an equation defining the curve C1.) We prove that determines the topological type of the link L. We prove an analogous statement for plane divisorial valuations formulated in terms of the Poincaré series of a set of valuations.
Analytical considerations for determination of the microstructures of sulfur‐cured solution styrene − butadiene rubbers
Authors: Choi Sung‐Seen , Kim Yeowool , Kwon Hyuk‐Min 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe microstructures of solution styrene − butadiene copolymer (S‐SBR) vulcanizates were analyzed using liquid H NMR spectroscopy and transmission Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, and the results were compared with the raw S‐SBRs. The microstructures of the cured and raw S‐SBRs were different because of the pendent group formed by the cure accelerator and cis − trans isomerization. The styrene and trans‐1,4‐unit contents of the cured S‐SBRs were larger than those of the raw S‐SBRs, whereas the 1,2‐unit contents of the cured S‐SBRs were on the whole smaller than those of the raw S‐SBRs. The results of NMR and IR spectroscopy were also compared. Considering the analytical error ranges and consistency of the analysis results, a proper analytical method and process are suggested. NMR analysis results had narrower error ranges and better correlation than IR spectroscopy results. It was was found to be acceptable that the cis‐1,4‐unit contents were obtained by subtracting the trans‐1,4‐unit contents from the 1,4‐unit contents determined by NMR analysis. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Norbornylized soybean oil as a sustainable new plasticizer for rubbers with hybrid fillers
Authors: Li Jiaxi , Isayev Avraam I , Ren Xiaofeng , Soucek Mark D 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCarbon black (CB) and precipitated silica are two major reinforcing fillers in rubbers. CB/silica hybrid filler is also widely used in rubbers to provide balanced properties. CB/silica‐hybrid‐filler‐filled styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) containing naphthenic oil (NO), soybean oil (SO) and norbornylized SO (NSO) was investigated. The swelling and curing behavior and rheological, mechanical, thermal, aging and dynamic properties were studied and compared with earlier reported data on CB‐ or silica‐filled SBR. NSO provides better scorch safety and faster cure than SO. Compared with NO, the addition of SO and NSO enhances the thermal stability and aging resistance of SBR vulcanizates. SBR/NSO vulcanizates with hybrid filler exhibit a higher tensile and tear strength than SBR/NO and SBR/SO vulcanizates. A synergistic effect in the abrasion resistance of vulcanizates containing the hybrid filler is observed. An increase of sulfur content in the hybrid‐filler‐filled SBR/NSO vulcanizates provides further improvement in abrasion resistance, wet traction and rolling resistance. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of molar mass on the thermal properties, conductivity and intermolecular interaction of poly(ethylene oxide) solid polymer electrolytes
Authors: Harun Fatin , Chan Chin Han , Winie Tan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe sample preparation pathway of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) influences their thermal properties, which in turn governs the ionic conductivity of the materials especially for systems consisting of a crystallizable constituent. Majority of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)‐based SPEs with molar masses of PEO well above 104 g mol−1 (where PEO is crystallizable and should reach an asymptote in thermal behaviour) display molar mass dependence of the thermal properties and ionic conductivities in non‐equilibrium conditions, as reported in the literature. In this study, PEO of different viscosity‐molar masses (Mη = 3 × 105, 6 × 105, 1 × 106, 4 × 106 g mol−1) and LiClO4 salt (0 to 16.7 wt%) were used. The SPEs were thermally treated under inert atmosphere above the melting temperature of PEO and then cooled down for subsequent isothermal crystallization for sufficient experimental time to develop morphology close to equilibrium conditions. The thermal properties (e.g. glass transition temperature, melting temperature, crystallinity) according to differential scanning calorimetry and the ionic conductivity obtained from impedance spectroscopy at room temperature (σDC ∼ 10−6 S cm−1) demonstrate insignificant variation with respect to the molar mass of PEO at constant salt concentration. These findings are in agreement with the PEO crystalline structures using X‐ray diffraction and ion − dipole interaction by Fourier transform infrared results. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluating the Effects of Culvert Designs on Ecosystem Processes in Northern Wisconsin Streams
Authors: Olson J. C. , Marcarelli A. M. , Timm A. L. , Eggert S. L. , Kolka R. K. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCulvert replacements are commonly undertaken to restore aquatic organism passage and stream hydrologic and geomorphic conditions, but their effects on ecosystem processes are rarely quantified. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of two culvert replacement designs on stream ecosystem processes. The stream simulation design, where culverts accommodate bankfull width and streambeds are reconstructed through the culvert, was compared with the bankfull and backwater design, where streambeds were left to fill naturally, as well as to non‐replaced culverts. We predicted that stream simulation culverts would best preserve water velocity and coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) retention within the culvert relative to upstream reaches, and that both replaced culvert styles would exhibit rates closer to upstream reaches than non‐replaced culverts. In addition, we predicted that ecosystem processes (CPOM retention, transient storage and nutrient uptake) would be similar in reaches upstream and downstream of both replaced culvert styles, because both designs are constructed to maintain stream slopes and bankfull widths through the structure. We found that stream simulation design better maintained CPOM retention through culverts compared with non‐replaced and bankfull and backwater design culverts, but observed no differences in ecosystem processes between reaches located upstream or downstream of replaced culverts. Although the stream simulation design requires additional streambed construction relative to the bankfull and backwater design, this step may lead to additional improvement if maintaining ecological conditions through the culvert is an important restoration goal. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Second Stage of Upper Bainite in a 0.3 Mass Pct C Steel
Authors: Yin Jiaqing , Hillert Mats , Borgenstam Annika 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Upper bainite forms in at least two stages, the formation of parallel plates of ferrite and the transformation of the interspaces to a mixture of cementite and ferrite. The first stage was examined in a preceding metallographic study of the formation of ferrite in hypoeutectoid steels and the second stage, which is initiated by the occurrence of cementite in the interspaces, is the subject of the present study. The alloy from the preceding study will also be used here. The band of austenite in the interspaces between parallel plates is generally transformed by a degenerate eutectoid transformation when this band is thin. When it is thicker, it will transform by a more cooperative growth mechanism and result in a eutectoid colony, often with cementite platelets. A series of sketches are presented which illustrate in detail how the second stage of upper bainite progresses according to the present observations. The cooperative manner did not increase as the temperature was lowered because the tendency to form plates of ferrite was still increasing at lower temperatures, making the interspaces too narrow for the cooperative reaction to dominate over the formation of fine plates of ferrite.
Correction of Combined Flexed and Stiff Knee Gait in Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy by Double Tendon Transfers around the Knee as Part of Multilevel Surgery
Authors: Ling Kung Kam , Yiu Choi Alexander Kai , Hay Ma Arthur King , Miu Lao Miko Lai , Chi Chan Nerita Nar , Leung Kwun Tung 
Published: January 2017

Background/Purpose Flexed knee gait and stiff knee gait are common coexisting gait disturbances in children with cerebral palsy. We analyzed the effect of medial hamstring transfer and distal rectus transfer around the knee as part of multi-level surgery for this group of patient. Methods Eleven lower limbs of six patients who received double transfer were retrospectively studied. Instrumented gait analysis were carried out before and a minimum of 2 years after operation. Results Comparing the kinematic study before and after the operation, maximum knee extension in stance phase (MKES), total knee swing (TKS) and the time to maximum knee flexion in swing phase (TMKFS) showed statistically significant improvement (p <0.05). Hip extension in swing phase and hip extension power were maintained. The oxygen consumption during walking also decreased after operation (p <0.05). Conclusion Double transfer around the knee can improve both flexed knee gait and stiff knee gait, without causing significant hip extension weakness.