bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on an Interpretable Prediction Model for Pile Bearing Capacity Based on SHAP and BP Neural Networks
Authors: Li Shunbo , Hai Mingwei , Zhang Qi , Zhou Bin , Zhao Zhuo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

To facilitate rapid and precise predictions of pile bearing capacity, a Back Propagation (BP) neural network model has been developed utilizing data sourced from existing literature. The model incorporates several input parameters, including pile length, pile diameter, average effective vertical stress, and undrained shear strength. To enhance the optimization of the BP neural network's hyperparameters, five distinct optimization algorithms were employed: the Sine Cosine Optimization Algorithm (SCA), Snake Optimization Algorithm (SO), Pelican Optimization Algorithm (POA), African Vulture Optimization Algorithm (AVOA), and Chameleon Optimization Algorithm (CSA). The efficacy of the proposed model was validated using a randomly selected, previously unused subset of data and assessed through various evaluation metrics. Furthermore, the prediction outcomes were analyzed in conjunction with the SHAP interpretability method to address the inherent "black box" nature of the model. This analysis allowed for a visualization of the SHAP values associated with the input parameters, thereby elucidating their significance and impact on the predictions of pile capacity. The results indicated that the R² values for the BP-SCA, BP-SO, BP-POA, BP-AVOA, and BP-CSA models were 0.9920, 0.9922, 0.9928, 0.9974, and 0.9943, respectively, with the BP-AVOA model demonstrating the highest accuracy, stability, and predictive performance. The SHAP analysis further revealed that undrained shear strength and average effective vertical stress are the most influential parameters affecting pile bearing capacity, followed by pile length and pile diameter. Overall, the model effectively captures the complex nonlinear relationships among the characteristic parameters, thereby providing a robust foundation for further investigations into pile bearing capacity.
PyMultiLab: A Software for Calculation of Electromagnetic Properties of Multilayered Spherical Particles
Authors: Jiang Lan , Tuersun Paerhatijiang , Ma Dengpan , Wang Meng , Xu Dibo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The electromagnetic scattering and absorption properties of multilayered spherical particles have a wide range of applications in the fields of biomedicine, meteorology, and electronics. These properties can be calculated using the recursive transfer-matrix method (RTMM). Currently, the computer codes of RTMM have no graphical user interface (GUI) and have limited variety of materials. To solve these problems, we have developed a software called PyMultiLab which can calculate the electromagnetic properties of multilayered spherical particles. This software is openly available (https://gitee.com/jianglan98/py-multi-lab), and it has a user-friendly GUI and a rich database of refractive indices. PyMultiLab can calculate the variation of far-field and near-field parameters. The application of PyMultiLab is demonstrated by two examples such as the calculation of the resonance wavelength and absorption efficiency of SiO2@Au@MoS2 and the scattering efficiency and surface enhancement effect of Fe3O4@SiO2@Au. The development of this software is of great value in quantitatively analyzing the electromagnetic scattering and absorption properties of particles, and searching for special material with excellent electromagnetic properties.
Is cone beam computed tomography accurate in predicting inferior alveolar nerve exposure during mandibular third molar extraction?
Authors: Chen Kenan , Chen Youbai , Chen Peng , Wang Enbo , Guo Chuanbin , Xu Xiangliang , Jiang Junqi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in predicting the exposure of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) during complicated mandibular third molars (M3M) extraction.
Methods
115 M3Ms with canal cortical defect signs on preoperative CBCT were extracted. Candidate variables included sex, age, types of CBCT machine, the Winter classification of M3Ms, the direct contact size between IAN and tooth root on CBCT, the size of cortical defect on CBCT. The primary outcome was the exposure of IAN and the exposed neurovascular bundle size which was recorded measured under endoscope. Bland-Altman analysis was performed to assess the agreement between the CBCT and endoscopic measurements.
Results
85/115 (73.9%) M3Ms with canal cortical defect signs on preoperative CBCT had intraoperative exposure of IAN. The average length and width of the exposed IAN were 5.89 ± 1.72mm and 2.48 ± 0.79 mm, which were significantly smaller than the direct contact size between IAN and tooth root on CBCT (9.69 ± 3.05mm and 3.26 ± 0.87 mm, P < 0.001) but larger than the cortical defect size (5.06 ± 2.05mm and 2.10 ± 0.54 mm, P < 0.05). The probability of intraoperative IAN exposure was statistically different among different Winter classifications of M3M and the probability of IAN exposure was higher in non-horizontal impacted type.
Conclusions
Not all M3Ms with tooth-IAN contact signs on preoperative CBCT indicated intraoperative IAN exposure. The contact sizes on CBCT were always larger than the intraoperative endoscopic measurements. IAN exposure can be accurately predicted by the length of cortical defect on CBCT. Non-horizontal impaction predisposed the M3M to a higher risk of intraoperative IAN exposure.
Clinical Relevance:
Endoscope provides the possibility to observe and record the IAN exposure directly. IAN exposure can be accurately predicted by the length of cortical defect on CBCT instead of the direct contact size between IAN and tooth root. Non-horizontal impaction predisposed the M3M to a higher risk of intraoperative IAN exposure.
Inadequate Caloric Intake and Glucose-Free Dialysate Induce Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis in a Patient Receiving SGLT2 Inhibitors: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Huang yvmin , Jiang Ran , Ni Juan , Li Jinghang , Wu Buyun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (eu-DKA) is a rare complication in patients receiving sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, and it is characterized by elevated urinary ketone and/or serum ketone levels and glucose < 11.1 mmol/L. The eu-DKA is frequently underdiagnosed and can lead to severe clinical consequences.
Case Presentation We report the case of a 53-year-old man with type 2 diabetes treated with SGLT2 inhibitors who underwent continuous veno-venous hemodialysis (CVVHD) with a glucose-free dialysate because of hypernatremia and metabolic acidosis (MA) after coronary artery bypass grafting and ventricular aneurysmectomy.The patient had high anion gap MA with a normal serum lactate level, which could not be corrected by CVVHD. He was later diagnosed to have eu-DKA with a strong positive result for urinary ketones. Glucose loss through urine was 27.3 g/d, while estimated glucose loss through CVVHD was 41.5 g/d. After withdrawal of SGLT2 inhibitors and supplementation with calories (increasing from 12.3–14.2 to 15.5–23.8 kcal/kg/d), glucose (increasing from 0.6–1.0 to 1.4–3.4 g/kg/d), and insulin (increasing from 0.67 to 1.8–5.2 U/kg/d), MA disappeared within 14 h, and urinary ketones were negative. CVVHD was then successfully terminated.
Conclusion This case suggested that maintaining adequate caloric intake and avoiding glucose-free dialysate were essential to treat eu-DKA in patients receiving SGLT2 inhibitors.
Acute Psychiatric Admissions 2017-2024: are we back to pre-pandemic patterns?
Authors: Rodrigues Carolina Alves , Lourenço Adriana , Nascimento Miguel 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic lead to changes concerning access and type of clinical care available in healthcare systems and facilities around the world. This study aims to understand the changes in patterns of acute psychiatric admissions in the periods before, during and now after the virus hit.
Methods
In this retrospective study, all episodes of admissions in acute psychiatric wards in Hospital Júlio de Matos (age 18 or older) were obtained from January 2017 until March 2024. Three time frames were considered: pre-pandemic (until March 17th, 2020), pandemic (until April 30th, 2021), and post-pandemic (from that date forward); comparing gender, age, diagnosis at discharge, length of stay (LOS), number of daily admissions and number of patients occupying psychiatric hospital beds.
Results
11146 admissions were identified (5706 during the pre-pandemic, 1283 during the pandemic, and 4157 in the post-pandemic period), with a median age of 47 years old, median LOS of 15 days; 4 daily admissions and occupation of 103 beds. Statistical significance was found for every variable between the three groups. Post-hoc analysis identified a higher rate of males during the post-pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period, a higher median of age in the pre-pandemic period compared to the others; a higher median of previous admissions in the pandemic compared to the post-pandemic, a lower median LOS in the pre-pandemic period compared to the others. The proportion of patients with primary psychotic disorders was significantly lower in the pre-pandemic period compared to other diagnoses and significantly higher in the post-pandemic group. These patients were younger, with longer LOS and bed occupation. The proportion of substance use disorders was significantly lower than any other diagnosis during the pandemic period.
Conclusions
The profile of acute psychiatric patients in the post-pandemic period presents as being more male, younger and with a higher proportion of primary psychotic disorders. Further debate is needed towards the development of community and hospital services better adapted to this new reality.
Trial registration:
The current study was approved by the hospital’s scientific and ethics committees (CCP number 0060/2021 and CES 09/2021)
Steviol glycosides affect trace element status in diabetic rats
Authors: Kurek Jakub Michał , Król Ewelina , Staniek Halina , Krejpcio Zbigniew 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Steviol glycosides (stevioside and rebaudioside A) have been reported to have lipid and glucose regulatory potential. The published literature presents conflicting results regarding the impact of hyperglycemia on Fe, Zn, and Cu levels, and almost no data exist on whether supplementary steviol glycosides can affect the status of trace elements in diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of hyperglycemia and dietary steviol glycosides supplementation on Fe, Zn, and Cu levels and the ratios of these elements in the liver and kidney of diabetic rats. The experiment was conducted on 70 male Wistar rats, of which 60 were fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks, followed by intraperitoneal streptozotocin injection to induce type 2 diabetes, while 10 healthy controls were fed the AIN-93M diet. Afterward, diabetic rats were allocated into the following 6 high-fat diet-fed experimental groups: untreated, supplemented with metformin, or supplemented with stevioside or rebaudioside A (0.5 or 2.5%) for 5 weeks. After the experiment, internal organs were harvested for mineral analyses. The content of Fe, Zn, and Cu in tissues was determined using the AAS method. It was found that hyperglycemia significantly elevated the liver Zn/Cu ratio, simultaneously decreasing the kidney Fe level, as well as Fe/Zn and Zn/Cu ratios in diabetic rats. Supplementary steviol glycosides tended to normalize the kidney Zn/Cu ratio, while high doses of steviol glycosides tended to normalize the kidney Fe concentration in diabetic rats. The type of glycoside differentiated the kidney Zn level and the Fe/Zn ratio in diabetic rats.
Semantic Similarity Relaxation and Approximation of Incomplete Queries Using LLMs Embedding to Topic Graph Mining
Authors: Hussin Hayam Aboelmaged , Gouda Karam , Arafa Mona , Medhat Walaa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

In recent years, the Resource Description Framework (RDF) has emerged as a pivotal technology for structuring and interlinking data on the web. RDF graphs typically have billions of labelled entities, and how to efficiently retrieve the needed information from an RDF KG for a given SPARQL query has recently drawn more attention. However, because RDF data is schema-free, it is very challenging for users to understand the underlying structure fully. Consequently, different graph fragments can represent the same information. Therefore, it is extremely challenging to create complex SPARQL queries that encompass all possible structures. Recently, researchers have started to use knowledge semantics to extend the query intention of a simplified query to get an approximate answer. In this paper, we present an efficient framework that allows access to the RDF repository even if users lack comprehensive knowledge of the underlying schema. Based on semantic similarity, we can get more answers that match the simple query. We propose a systematic method to mine RDF graphs into diverse semantically equivalent structure patterns (topic graphs). We use type similarity to construct these patterns, and then a large language model (LLM) embedding is adapted to these patterns to achieve semantic vectors of existing knowledge. Based on the knowledge semantics above, an approximate query is constructed to get the top-k semantic similarity result. Extensive testing using the DBpedia dataset and QALD-4 benchmark query has proven how effective and efficient our approach is.
From rain to radiance - Drivers of tropical carbon flux interannual variability shift with local climate
Authors: Ma Shuang , Liu Junjie , Bloom A. Anthony , Doughty Russell , Levine Paul , Bilir T. Eren , Braghiere Renato , Worden John , Schimel David , Norton Alexander J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Tropical land carbon fluxes drive the inter-annual variability (IAV) of the atmospheric CO2 growth rate. However, what mechanistic processes and climate variables drive the IAV of tropical land carbon exchange remains debated. Here, we use a Bayesian framework that ingests a suite of satellite-based carbon and water observables to quantify the relative contributions of different climate variables to the tropical land carbon exchange IAV. We find the dominant climate drivers for carbon exchange depend on climate states. Radiation dominates the IAV of gross primary production (GPP) in wetter tropical forests, especially during La Niña and wet seasons, while VPD dominates GPPIAV in drier forests, with more pronounced influence during El Niño and dry seasons. Precipitation predominantly drives heterotrophic respiration IAV. Net ecosystem exchange IAV is more closely linked to ecosystem respiration than GPP. Our findings yield novel insights into the complex interplay among tropical climate gradients and IAV in climate states and carbon fluxes.
Marketing for Sensa: A novel “zero nicotine vapor product” from a major tobacco company
Authors: Robichaud Meagan O. , Talbot Eugene M. , Ganz Ollie , Mercincavage Melissa , Erythropel Hanno C. , Zimmerman Julie B. , Jabba Sairam V. , Jordt Sven E. , Delnevo Cristine D. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

On July 1, 2024, RJ Reynolds Vapor Company (RJRVC) introduced Sensa, the first disposable "zero nicotine vapor product" from a major tobacco company. Sensa sold more than 100,000 units as of September 10, 2024 and has been marketed through several channels. Direct-mail and magazine ads appeal to consumers’ senses (e.g., “awaken your senses”) and showcase Sensa’s six flavor options: Berry Fusion, Berry Watermelon Fusion, Blueberry Frost, Mint Frost, Passionfruit Frost, and Watermelon Frost. Our chemical characterization of all Sensa flavors (except Berry Watermelon Fusion) found neotame (a potent artificial sweetener) and WS-23 (a synthetic coolant) in all samples, while all “Frost” flavors tested contained another synthetic coolant, WS-3. Although RJRVC states that Sensa is for “adult tobacco and vapor consumers,” Sensa’s resemblance to popular disposable vaping devices and youth-appealing flavors raise concerns about Sensa’s appeal to young people, and limited regulations for “zero nicotine” products introduce uncertainty about product safety.
A Numerical Large-Scale Investigation of Gas Transport Processes in a Generic Nuclear Waste Repository in Argillaceous Porous Media
Authors: Pitz Michael , Ziefle Gesa , Kunz Herbert , Nagel Thomas , Maßmann Jobst 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

In this paper, we present the results of a large-scale numerical model of a generic nuclear waste repository situated in an argillaceous host rock formation. Modelling the evolution of an entire repository presents challenges due to the strong contrast in spatial and temporal scales at which the different processes take place, ranging from the centimetres to the kilometres and days to hundreds of thousands of years, respectively. From the view point of the physical processes, a further challenge originates from the different gas transport mechanisms: Gas advection as well as gas dissolution and diffusion jointly govern the efflux of gas from the repository and mitigate excess pore pressures, but there is a significant contrast between the rates of these two transport mechanisms. Using the TH2M implementation (Grunwald et al., 2022) in the open-source finite element code OpenGeoSys-6 (Bilke et al., 2019), we analyse the impact of gas transport via advection (in the partially saturated zones such as backfilled drifts, shafts and desaturated host rock) as well as gas transport via diffusion (in fully water-saturated media such as the undisturbed host rock and over- and underlying formations). Finally, this work outlines and discusses possible simplifications in modelling choices, such as mechanical surrogate models, geometrical simplifications as well as the impact of discretization. The work presented in this paper was carried out within the scope of the European Joint Programme EURAD, workpackage Gas, Task 4.
Entry points for assessing ‘fair shares’ in national mitigation efforts
Authors: Pelz Setu , Ganti Gaurav , Pachauri Shonali , Rogelj Joeri , Riahi Keywan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Fairness considerations have been central to the international climate change mitigation discourse, generating numerous theoretical and philosophical debates. In this article, we address the pressing need for practical guidance on navigating this landscape in assessing relative mitigation efforts. The Paris Agreement mandates that updates to Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) include clear and transparent considerations of fairness. This reflects a progression from previous submissions where such considerations were optional and inconsistently addressed. We propose a set of entry points for examining and revising these assertions in practice. We demonstrate the use of this approach through a case study focusing on the European Union. Our work emphasizes the importance of explicitly defining foundational principles, specifying allocation quantities, defining allocation approaches, and presenting selected indicators to operationalize ‘fair shares’ in mitigation efforts. By bridging the gap between scholarly debates and practical application, this study supports the integration of clear and transparent fairness considerations into climate policy commitments.
Theoretical investigation of hysteresis loops in free-surface flow under sluice gates for power-law channels
Authors: Belharti Bilal , Amara Lyes , Berreksi Ali 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
In the present study, a new theoretical framework and analytical solutions to the problem of hysteresis loops due to hydraulic jump in power-law open channels under supercritical flows are introduced. This investigation primarily focuses on the flow dynamics encountered at a vertical sluice gate across channels of various shapes: rectangular, parabolic, and triangular. By the application of energy and momentum conservation principles, the dual flow configurations emerging under identical initial conditions are shown. An intensive analytical computational analysis led to the development of approximate theoretical models, facilitating the prediction of hysteresis loops for a wide range of Froude numbers and dimensionless channel geometry parameters. Several illustrative examples were treated and the results show a high degree of accuracy of the proposed models in predicting the hysteresis loops. The present research contributes to a novel methodology for enhancing predictions regarding the behavior of supercritical flows and the design of open channels for specific scenarios of the hysteresis phenomenon.
Effect of gold mine activity on water quality and human health
Authors: Baneh Payam Younesi , Najmaddiny Iraj , Salehzadeh Hamzeh , Shahmoradi Behzad , Choi Hee-Jeong 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to investigate the levels of heavy metals in surface and groundwater sources within the vicinity of a gold mine in Iran, as well as to evaluate the associated health and carcinogenic risks. A total of 45 water samples were collected from the mine effluent, the downstream of a river receiving the effluent of the mine, and downstream water resources. Subsequent to laboratory digestion of the samples, arsenic levels were determined using atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry, while other heavy metals were quantified using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Data analysis was conducted utilizing IBM SPSS software (Version 22). The health risks and carcinogenic potentials associated with arsenic, lead, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, manganese, mercury, nickel, copper, and zinc were assessed for both pediatric and adult populations. The findings revealed that, in most instances, heavy metal concentrations exceeded the recommended standards for drinking water quality. Furthermore, the health and carcinogenic risks posed to both children and adults were found to surpass the maximum acceptable levels.
Identification and isolation of efficient phenol-degrading and heavy metal-resistant bacteria from seasonal catchments of the Lut Desert
Authors: Samimi Mohsen , Shahriari-Moghadam Mohsen 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

The present study was conducted to isolate and identify a phenol-degrading bacterial strain resistant to cadmium obtained from seasonal catchments of the Lut Desert, Iran. Additionally, optimal conditions affecting biological phenol degradation, including pH, temperature, salinity, and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, were determined using the Taguchi method, and the ability of the purified strain to degrade phenol in different concentrations was investigated. Isolated bacterium strain Bacillus cereus LD-1, capable of phenol degradation and cadmium tolerance, could tolerate and degrade phenol up to a concentration of 1,500 mg/L. All optimized factors except carbon-to-nitrogen ratio had a significant effect on the rate of phenol biodegradation. Among the selected factors, based on the effect size, pH had the highest impact (10.02), followed by salinity (6.16), temperature (5.61), and C:N ratio (2.55) on phenol biodegradation. The optimal conditions for phenol biodegradation were determined as pH of 8, temperature of 30 °C, salinity of 0 g/L, and C:N ratio of 100:30. Under optimal conditions, 80.57% of phenol was decomposed by the LD-1 strain. Considering the high ability of the isolated strain for phenol degradation in the presence of 100 mg/L cadmium, LD-1 can be applied in the biological treatment of phenolic effluents contaminated with heavy metals.