bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The self‐curing phenomenon of schistosome infection in rhesus macaques: insight from in vitro studies
Authors: Torben Workineh , Molehin Adebayo J. , Blair Robert V. , Kenway Carys , Shiro Faith , Roslyn Davis , Chala Bayissa , Gutu Dereje , Kebede Michael A. , Ahmad Gul , Zhang Weidong , Aye Pyone , Mohan Mahesh , Lackner Andrew , Siddiqui Afzal A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA reduction in the burden of schistosomiasis is potentially achievable by integrating a schistosomiasis vaccine with current control measures. Here, we determine parasite‐specific in vitro responses of B, T, and NK cells from naive uninfected rhesus macaques to Schistosoma mansoni (Sm) egg (SmEA) and worm antigen (SmWA) preparations isolated from infected baboons. Pronounced B cell responses to SmEA and NK cell responses to both SmEA and SmWA were observed. High levels of IL‐2 and IL‐21 responses against Sm antigens were observed in T and non‐T cells of lymph nodes (LNs) and gut lamina propria–derived lymphocytes (LPLs). Data analysis showed multifunctionality of LN‐derived CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+CD8+ double positive T cells against either SmWA or SmWA+SmEA antigen preparations. Distinct SmEA‐specific multifunctional responses were observed in gut LPLs, suggesting simultaneous responses against egg antigens. These data provide insight into the immune effectors involved in schistosome responses by rhesus macaques.
The effect of emotionally valenced eye region images on visuocortical processing of surprised faces
Authors: Li Shuaixia , Li Ping , Wang Wei , Zhu Xiangru , Luo Wenbo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this study, we presented pictorial representations of happy, neutral, and fearful expressions projected in the eye regions to determine whether the eye region alone is sufficient to produce a context effect. Participants were asked to judge the valence of surprised faces that had been preceded by a picture of an eye region. Behavioral results showed that affective ratings of surprised faces were context dependent. Prime‐related ERPs with presentation of happy eyes elicited a larger P1 than those for neutral and fearful eyes, likely due to the recognition advantage provided by a happy expression. Target‐related ERPs showed that surprised faces in the context of fearful and happy eyes elicited dramatically larger C1 than those in the neutral context, which reflected the modulation by predictions during the earliest stages of face processing. There were larger N170 with neutral and fearful eye contexts compared to the happy context, suggesting faces were being integrated with contextual threat information. The P3 component exhibited enhanced brain activity in response to faces preceded by happy and fearful eyes compared with neutral eyes, indicating motivated attention processing may be involved at this stage. Altogether, these results indicate for the first time that the influence of isolated eye regions on the perception of surprised faces involves preferential processing at the early stages and elaborate processing at the late stages. Moreover, higher cognitive processes such as predictions and attention can modulate face processing from the earliest stages in a top‐down manner.
Associations between developmental changes in error‐related brain activity and executive functions in early childhood
Authors: Grammer Jennie K. , Gehring William J. , Morrison Frederick J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBehavioral evidence indicates that skills associated with children's cognitive control (e.g., response inhibition and attentional control) undergo rapid development during early childhood. A particularly important time is the transition to elementary school. Yet, at present, relatively little is known about developmental changes in the brain processes linked to cognitive control during this period, including those associated with error monitoring, including the error‐related negativity (ERN) and the error positivity (Pe). Moreover, understanding how ERP correlates of cognitive control relate to behavioral measures of these skills over time is also limited. In the present study, repeated assessments of 4‐ to 6‐year‐old children's (N = 49, mean age = 5 years 10 months) performance on a go/no‐go task were collected to examine developmental changes in error processing and response inhibition across 6 months. Data revealed the presence of both the ERN and Pe at each time point, but also showed individual differences in the test‐retest associations for each component. Behavioral changes in response inhibition on the go/no‐go task and a standardized measure of attentional control were associated with changes in electrophysiological measures of error processing. Additional analyses comparing children of the same age who had completed the go/no‐go task once to those who participated longitudinally revealed that, with repeated assessments, children exhibited behavioral changes in performance that could be attributed to both development and to the effects of practice, such as strategic accommodation.
Plerixafor and granulocyte‐colony‐stimulating factor for mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells for autologous transplantation in Chinese patients with non−Hodgkin's lymphoma: a randomized Phase 3 study
Authors: Zhu Jun , Huang Huiqiang , Chen Huan , Zhang Xi , Li Zengjun , Wu Depei , Zhou Daobin , Song Yongping , Hu Yu , Liang Yingmin , Ren Hanyun , Huang He , Li Nainong , Chen Hu , Hu Jiong , Li Jianyong , Meng Robin , Wu Junlong , Yu Dong , Huang Xiaojun 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUNDThis Phase 3 randomized, double‐blind study evaluated the efficacy and safety of plerixafor plus granulocyte‐colony‐stimulating factor for the mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells in Chinese patients with non−Hodgkin's lymphoma.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSAdults (ages 18‐75 years) with non−Hodgkin's lymphoma in first or second complete or partial remission, without previous hematopoietic stem cell mobilization or autologous transplant, were included. Patients received granulocyte‐colony‐stimulating factor 10 µg/kg/day from Days 1 through 4 before they were randomized (1:1) to receive either plerixafor 0.24 mg/kg/day or placebo subcutaneously on Days 4 through 7 plus continued granulocyte‐colony‐stimulating factor on Days 5 through 8. Apheresis began on Day 5 and continued for no more than 4 days. The primary endpoint was collection of 5 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg or greater over no more than 4 days of apheresis. Other endpoints included the collection of 2 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg or greater and safety.RESULTSOverall, 101 patients were enrolled, and 50 were randomized to each group. More patients in the plerixafor group achieved 5 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg or greater (62 vs. 20%; p < 0.0001) or 2 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg or greater (88 vs. 66%) and underwent transplantation (88 vs. 68%) compared with those in the placebo group. The most common plerixafor‐related adverse events were nausea (7.8%) and diarrhea (3.9%).CONCLUSIONPlerixafor plus granulocyte‐colony‐stimulating factor is superior to placebo plus granulocyte‐colony‐stimulating factor for the mobilization of CD34+ cells for autologous transplantation and is generally well tolerated in Chinese patients with non−Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Opciones de tratamiento en un paciente con pérdida prematura de segundos molares primarios: zapato distal modificado / Treatment Options in a Patient with Primary Second Molar Premature Loss: Modified Distal Shoe Space Maintainer
Authors: Cardoso María Lorena , Falcón Diana Emilia , Galiana Andrea Verónica 
Published: December 2017

RESUMEN. Antecedentes: La pérdida prematura de un molar primario conlleva a malposición de los dientes contiguos y del sucesor permanente. El efecto depende de las fuerzas que actúan sobre el diente, que están condicionadas a su vez por el estado de erupción del primer molar permanente. Propósito: Describir una opción de tratamiento para la pérdida prematura de segundos molares primarios hasta la erupción de los primeros molares permanentes. Descripción del caso: El caso clínico presentado involucra la rehabilitación oral de un niño de 5 años de edad que presentaba pérdida prematura de los segundos molares primarios. Se decidió colocar un mantenedor de espacio tipo zapato distal modificado. Se realizaron controles trimestrales y, cuando erupcionaron los primeros molares permanentes, aproximadamente a los nueve meses, se les utilizó como pilares para confeccionar el arco lingual. Conclusiones: El tratamiento propuesto mostró resultados satisfactorios en el mantenimiento del espacio hasta la erupción de los primeros molares permanentes.ABSTRACT. Background: The premature loss of a deciduous molar leads to malposition of adjacent teeth and the permanent successor. The effect depends on the forces acting on the tooth, which are conditioned at the same time by the grade of eruption of the first permanent molar. Purpose: To describe a treatment option for primary second molar premature loss until first permanent molars erupt. Case description: This clinical case involves the oral rehabilitation of a 5-year-old boy who lost prematurely his primary second molars. The decision was to place a modified distal shoe space maintainer. Controls were performed every three months and when the first permanent molars erupted, approximately nine months later they were used as pillars, to make the lingual arch. Conclusions: The treatment used showed satisfactory results in maintaining the space until permanent first molars erupted.
Corrected and Republished from: Identification of Peptidoglycan Hydrolase Constructs with Synergistic Staphylolytic Activity in Cow's Milk
Authors: Verbree Carolin T. , Dätwyler Steven M. , Meile Susanne , Eichenseher Fritz , Donovan David M. , Loessner Martin J. , Schmelcher Mathias 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

Peptidoglycan hydrolases (PGHs) have been suggested as novel therapeutics for the treatment of bovine mastitis. However, activity in the presence of cow's milk is an important requirement for drugs administered into the bovine udder. We have used a microtiter plate-based protocol to screen a library of >170 recombinant PGHs, including engineered bacteriophage endolysins, for enzymes with activity against
Staphylococcus aureus
in milk. Eight suitable PGH constructs were identified by this approach, and their efficacies against
S. aureus
in heat-treated milk were compared by time-kill assays. The two most active enzymes (lysostaphin and CHAPK_CWT-LST) reduced
S. aureus
numbers in milk to undetectable levels within minutes at nanomolar concentrations. Due to their different peptidoglycan cleavage sites, these PGH constructs revealed synergistic activity, as demonstrated by checkerboard assays, spot assays, and time-kill experiments. Furthermore, they proved active against a selection of staphylococcal mastitis isolates from different geographical regions when applied individually or in synergistic combination. The PGH combination completely eradicated
S. aureus
from milk: no more bacteria were detected within 24 h after the addition of the enzymes, corresponding to a reduction of >9 log units from the level in the control. Efficacy was also retained at different inoculum levels (3 log versus 6 log CFU/ml) and when
S. aureus
was grown in milk as opposed to broth prior to the experiments. In raw cow's milk, CHAPK_CWT-LST showed reduced efficacy, whereas lysostaphin retained its activity, reducing bacterial numbers by >3.5 log units within 3 h.

IMPORTANCE
Staphylococci, and
S. aureus
in particular, are a major cause of bovine mastitis, an inflammation of the mammary gland in cows that is associated with high costs and risks for consumers of milk products.
S. aureus
-induced mastitis, commonly treated by intramammary infusion of antibiotics, is characterized by low cure rates and increasing antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Therefore, alternative treatment options are highly desirable. PGHs, including bacteriophage endolysins, rapidly and specifically kill selected pathogens by degrading their cell walls and are refractory to resistance development; thus, they have promise as novel antibacterial agents. This study employed a screening approach to identify PGH constructs with high staphylolytic activity in cow's milk among a large collection of enzymes. Our results suggest that the most promising enzymes identified by this strategy hold potential as novel mastitis therapeutics and thus support their further characterization in animal models.
Variation in the Early Host-Pathogen Interaction of Bovine Macrophages with Divergent Mycobacterium bovis Strains in the United Kingdom
Authors: Jensen Kirsty , Gallagher Iain J. , Johnston Nicholas , Welsh Michael , Skuce Robin , Williams John L. , Glass Elizabeth J. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

Bovine tuberculosis has been an escalating animal health issue in the United Kingdom since the 1980s, even though control policies have been in place for over 60 years. The importance of the genetics of the etiological agent,
Mycobacterium bovis
, in the reemergence of the disease has been largely overlooked. We compared the interaction between bovine monocyte-derived macrophages (bMDM) and two
M. bovis
strains, AF2122/97 and G18, representing distinct genotypes currently circulating in the United Kingdom. These
M. bovis
strains exhibited differences in survival and growth in bMDM. Although uptake was similar, the number of viable intracellular AF2122/97 organisms increased rapidly, while G18 growth was constrained for the first 24 h. AF2122/97 infection induced a greater transcriptional response by bMDM than G18 infection with respect to the number of differentially expressed genes and the fold changes measured. AF2122/97 infection induced more bMDM cell death, with characteristics of necrosis and apoptosis, more inflammasome activation, and a greater type I interferon response than G18. In conclusion, the two investigated
M. bovis
strains interact in significantly different ways with the host macrophage. In contrast to the relatively silent infection by G18, AF2122/97 induces greater signaling to attract other immune cells and induces host cell death, which may promote secondary infections of naive macrophages. These differences may affect early events in the host-pathogen interaction, including granuloma development, which could in turn alter the progression of the disease. Therefore, the potential involvement of
M. bovis
genotypes in the reemergence of bovine tuberculosis in the United Kingdom warrants further investigation.
Childhood psychosocial adversity and female reproductive timing: a cohort study of the ALSPAC mothers
Authors: Magnus Maria C , Anderson Emma L , Howe Laura D , Joinson Carol J , Penton-Voak Ian S , Fraser Abigail 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundPrevious studies of childhood psychosocial adversity and age at menarche mostly evaluated single or a few measures of adversity, and therefore could not quantify total psychosocial adversity. Limited knowledge is currently available regarding childhood psychosocial adversity in relation to age at menopause and reproductive lifespan.MethodsWe examined the associations of total and specific components of childhood psychosocial adversity with age at menarche (n=8984), age at menopause (n=945), and length of reproductive lifespan (n=841), in mothers participating in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. We used confirmatory factor analysis to characterise lack of care, maladaptive family functioning, non-sexual abuse, overprotective parenting, parental mental illness and sexual abuse. These specific components of childhood psychosocial adversity were combined into a total psychosocial adversity score using a second-order factor analysis. We used structural equation models to simultaneously conduct the factor analysis and estimate the association with the continuous outcomes of interest.ResultsTotal childhood psychosocial adversity was not associated with age at menarche, age at menopause or length of reproductive lifespan. When we examined the separate psychosocial adversity constructs, sexual abuse was inversely associated with age at menarche, with a mean difference of −0.17 (95% CI −0.23 to −0.12) years per SD higher factor score, and with age at menopause, with a mean difference of −0.17 (95% CI −0.52 to 0.18) per SD higher factor score.ConclusionChildhood sexual abuse was associated with lower age at menarche and menopause, but the latter needs to be confirmed in larger samples.
Intermedin Enlarges the Vascular Lumen by Inducing the Quiescent Endothelial Cell Proliferation
Authors: Wang Li-jun , Xiao Fei , Kong Ling-miao , Wang De-nian , Li Hong-yu , Wei Yong-gang , Tan Chun , Zhao Huan , Zhang Ting , Cao Gui-qun , Zhang Kang , Wei Yu-quan , Yang Han-shuo , Zhang Wei 
Published: December 2017

Objective—
Intermedin plays an important role in vascular remodeling and significantly improves blood perfusion, but the precise mechanism remains unclear. Herein, we aimed to define whether vascular lumen enlargement is responsible for the intermedin-increased blood perfusion and explore the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms.

Approach and Results—

To study the role of intermedin, we generated the IMD-KO (
Adm2
−/−
) mice using CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat–associated 9) system. Intermedin significantly promoted vascular lumen enlargement in vitro (fibrin beads assay) and in vivo (murine retinas), which contributed to the improved blood perfusion in both physiological (retinal) and pathological (tumor) angiogenic models. We designed experiments to calculate the endothelial cell (EC) size and found that the lumen enlargement is because of EC proliferation but not because of a change in cell shape. ECs that construct vessel walls are considered quiescent cells because they are in a state of contact inhibition and show reduced responsiveness to VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor). Using immunoprecipitation, Western blot assay, and fluorescent microscopy, we found that intermedin induced the formation of a signaling complex containing CRLR (calcitonin receptor-like receptor)/β-arr1 (β-arrestin1)/Src in ECs and promoted it internalizing into cytoplasm in a clathrin-dependent manner to activate downstream ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2). Importantly, this effect was not abrogated by cell–cell contacts of ECs. Through this mechanism, intermedin could reactivate the quiescent ECs to proliferate, resulting in continuous lumen expanding and a more effective blood perfusion.

Conclusions—
Our findings suggest a novel mechanism that may explain how quiescent ECs overcome the contact inhibition and regain the ability to proliferate for continuous vascular lumen enlargement.
Impact of Telemonitoring on Health Status
Authors: Jayaram Natalie M. , Khariton Yevgeniy , Krumholz Harlan M. , Chaudhry Sarwat I. , Mattera Jennifer , Tang Fengming , Herrin Jeph , Hodshon Beth , Spertus John A. 
Published: December 2017

Background—
Although noninvasive telemonitoring in patients with heart failure does not reduce mortality or hospitalizations, less is known about its effect on health status. This study reports the results of a randomized clinical trial of telemonitoring on health status in patients with heart failure.

Methods and Results—

Among 1521 patients with recent heart failure hospitalization randomized in the Tele-HF trial (Telemonitoring to Improve Heart Failure Outcomes), 756 received telephonic monitoring and 765 usual care. Disease-specific health status was measured with the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) within 2 weeks of discharge and at 3 and 6 months. Repeated measures linear regression models were used to assess differences in KCCQ scores between patients assigned to telemonitoring and usual care over 6 months. The baseline characteristics of the 2 treatment arms were similar (mean age, 61 years; 43% female and 39% black). Over the 6-month follow-up period, there was a statistically significant, but clinically small, difference between the 2 groups in their KCCQ overall summary and subscale scores. The average KCCQ overall summary score for those receiving telemonitoring was 2.5 points (95% confidence interval, 0.38–4.67;
P
=0.02) higher than usual care, driven primarily by improvements in symptoms (3.5 points; 95% confidence interval, 1.18–5.82;
P
=0.003) and social function (3.1 points; 95% confidence interval, 0.30–6.00;
P
=0.03).

Conclusions—
Telemonitoring results in statistically significant, but clinically small, improvements in health status when compared with usual care. Given that the KCCQ was a secondary outcome, the benefits should be confirmed in future studies.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/
. Unique identifier: NCT00303212.
Społeczeństwo sieci a nowe formy zaangażowania
Authors: Śliwińska Julia 
Published: December 2017

Network society and the new forms of engagementThe popularization of the Internet in the 1990s marked the beginning of socio-cultural changes that have led to the creation of the network society. Networking has covered many spheres – social, cultural, political and economic. Along with social changes, new problems and risks associated with new technologies have emerged. It provoked the beginning of networked social movements, which regained technological tools in a subversive way, using an insect-type of attack, based on the structure of the swarm. One form of such an attack are subversive hacktivist actions, which have a deep performative character. Perhaps it is because of this extraordinary performative potential that the network, along with the new ways of communication, have become a source of tools, both in the artistic and social field. Społeczeństwo sieci a nowe formy zaangażowaniaSpopularyzowanie w latach 90. ubiegłego wieku internetu zapoczątkowało przemiany społeczno-kulturowe, które doprowadziły do powstania społeczeństwa sieciowego. Usieciowienie objęło wiele sfer – społeczną, kulturową, polityczną i ekonomiczną. Wraz ze zmianami społecznymi pojawiły się nieznane dotąd problemy i zagrożenia związane z nowymi technologiami. Spowodowało to powstanie usieciowionych ruchów społecznych, które w subwersywny sposób zaczęły odzyskiwać narzędzia technologiczne, posługując się insektalnym rodzajem ataku, opartym o strukturę roju. Jedną z form takiego ataku są subwersywne działania hacktywistyczne, o głęboko performatywnym charakterze. Być może właśnie z powodu niezwykłego potencjału performatywnego sieć, wraz z nowymi sposobami komunikacji, stała się źródłem pozyskiwania narzędzi zarówno na polu artystycznym, jak i społecznym.