bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Culture‐Free Detection of Crop Pathogens at the Single‐Cell Level by Micro‐Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Gan Qinhua , Wang Xuetao , Wang Yun , Xie Zhenyu , Tian Yang , Lu Yandu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe rapid and sensitive identification of invasive plant pathogens has important applications in biotechnology, plant quarantine, and food security. Current methods are far too time‐consuming and need a pre‐enrichment period ranging from hours to days. Here, a micro‐Raman spectroscopy‐based bioassay for culture‐free pathogen quarantine inspection at the single cell level within 40 min is presented. The application of this approach can readily and specifically detect plant pathogens Burkholderia gladioli pv. alliicola and Erwinia chrysanthemi that are closely related pathogenically. Furthermore, the single‐bacterium detection was able to discriminate them from a reference Raman spectral library including multiple quarantine‐relevant pathogens with broad host ranges and an array of pathogenic variants. To show the usefulness of this assay, Burkholderia gladioli pv. alliicola and Erwinia chrysanthemi are detected at single‐bacterium level in plant tissue lesions without pre‐enrichment. The results are confirmed by the plate‐counting method and a genetic molecular approach, which display comparable recognition ratios to the Raman spectroscopy‐based bioassay. The results represent a critical step toward the use of micro‐Raman spectroscopy in rapid and culture‐free discrimination of quarantine relevant plant pathogens.
Simulation of Entrainment by Free‐Falling Bulk Material Depending on Particle‐Size Distribution
Authors: Freiberger Tobias , Janoske Uwe 
Published: July 2017

AbstractVerpackungsprozesse von Pulvern aus dem Bereich der Nahrungsmittel und Medikamente finden häufig unter Schutzatmosphäre statt, um bereits während des Dosierprozesses die Sauerstoffkonzentration der umgebenden Gasphase zu reduzieren und damit eine längere Haltbarkeit der Produkte zu garantieren. Eine neue numerische Simulationsmethodik basierend auf einem Lagrange'schen Modell unter Verwendung von OpenFOAM® wurde entwickelt, um neue Dosiersysteme im Vorfeld auf ihre Sicherheit bzgl. der Restsauerstoffwerte im Produkt beurteilen zu können. Zur Validierung dienen experimentell ermittelte Grenzwerte.
The components of biodiversity, with a particular focus on phylogenetic information
Authors: Scheiner Samuel M. , Kosman Evsey , Presley Steven J. , Willig Michael R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe present a framework for biodiversity metrics that organizes the growing panoply of metrics. Our framework distinguishes metrics based on the type of information–abundance, phylogeny, function–and two common properties–magnitude and variability. Our new metrics of phylogenetic diversity are based on a partition of the total branch lengths of a cladogram into the proportional share of each species, including: a measure of divergence which standardizes the amount of evolutionary divergence by species richness and time depth of the cladogram; a measure of regularity which is maximal when the tree is perfectly symmetrical so that all species have the same proportional branch lengths; a measure that combines information on the magnitude and variability of abundance with phylogenetic variability, and a measure of phylogenetically weighted effective mean abundance; and indicate how those metrics can be decomposed into α and β components. We illustrate the utility of these new metrics using empirical data on the bat fauna of Manu, Peru. Divergence was greatest in lowland rainforest and at the transition between cloud and elfin forests, and least in upper elfin forests and in cloud forests. In contrast, regularity was greatest in lowland rainforest, dipping to its smallest values in mid‐elevation cloud forests, and then increasing in high elevation elfin forests. These patterns indicate that the first species to drop out with increasing elevation are ones that are closely related to other species in the metacommunity. Measures of the effective number of phylogenetically independent or distinct species decreased very rapidly with elevation, and β‐diversity was larger. In contrast, a comparison of feeding guilds shows a different effect of phylogenetic patterning. Along the elevational gradient, each guild generally loses some species from each clade–rather than entire clades–explaining the maintenance of functional diversity as phylogenetic diversity decreases.
Pflanzliche Metallsauger
Authors: Krämer Ute 
Published: July 2017

AbstractKontaminierungen mit Schwermetallen bedrohen ganze Ökosysteme. Die Haller'sche Schaumkresse setzt dem eine verblüffende Überlebensstrategie entgegen, deren Verständnis Fortschritte für die biologische Sanierung von Böden und Gewässern erhoffen lässt.
Making gas‐CCS a commercial reality: The challenges of scaling up
Authors: Diego Maria Elena , Akram Muhammad , Bellas Jean‐Michel , Finney Karen N. , Pourkashanian Mohamed 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSignificant reductions in CO2 emissions are required to limit the global temperature rise to 2°C. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a key enabling technology that can be applied to power generation and industrial processes to lower their carbon intensity. There are, however, several challenges that such a method of decarbonization poses when used in the context of natural gas (gas‐CCS), especially for solvent‐based (predominantly amines) post‐combustion capture. These are related to: (i) the low CO2 partial pressure of the exhaust gases from gas‐fired power plants (∼3‐4%vol. CO2), which substantially limits the driving force for the capture process; (ii) their high O2 concentration (∼12‐13%vol. O2), which can degrade the capture media via oxidative solvent degradation; and (iii) their high volumetric flow rates, which means large capture plants are needed. Such post‐combustion gas‐CCS features unavoidably lead to increased CO2 capture costs. This perspective aims to summarize the key technologies used to overcome these as a priority, including supplementary firing, humidified systems, exhaust gas recirculation and selective exhaust gas recirculation. These focus on the maximum CO2 levels achievable for each, as well as the electrical efficiencies attainable when the capture penalty is taken into account. Oxy‐turbine cycles are also discussed as an alternative to post‐combustion gas‐CCS, indicating the main advantages and limitations of these systems together with the expected electrical efficiencies. Furthermore, we consider the challenges for scaling‐up and deployment of these technologies at a commercial level to enable gas‐CCS to play a crucial role in a low‐carbon future. © 2017 The Authors. Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transcriptomic profile analysis of mouse neural tube development by RNA‐Seq
Authors: Yu Juan , Mu Jianbing , Guo Qian , Yang Lihong , Zhang Juan , Liu Zhizhen , Yu Baofeng , Zhang Ting , Xie Jun 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe neural tube is the primordium of the central nervous system (CNS) in which its development is not entirely clear. Understanding the cellular and molecular basis of neural tube development could, therefore, provide vital clues to the mechanism of neural tube defects (NTDs). Here, we investigated the gene expression profiles of three different time points (embryonic day (E) 8.5, 9.5 and 10.5) of mouse neural tube by using RNA‐seq approach. About 391 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened during mouse neural tube development, including 45 DEGs involved in CNS development, among which Bmp2, Ascl1, Olig2, Lhx1, Wnt7b and Eomes might play the important roles. Of 45 DEGs, Foxp2, Eomes, Hoxb3, Gpr56, Hap1, Nkx2‐1, Sez6l2, Wnt7b, Tbx20, Nfib, Cntn1 and Dcx had different isoforms, and the opposite expression pattern of different isoforms was observed for Gpr56, Nkx2‐1 and Sez6l2. In addition, alternative splicing, such as mutually exclusive exon, retained intron, skipped exon and alternative 3′ splice site was identified in 10 neural related differentially splicing genes, including Ngrn, Ddr1, Dctn1, Dnmt3b, Ect2, Map2, Mbnl1, Meis2, Vcan and App. Moreover, seven neural splicing factors, such as Nova1/2, nSR100/Srrm4, Elavl3/4, Celf3 and Rbfox1 were differentially expressed during mouse neural tube development. Interestingly, nine DEGs identified above were dysregulated in retinoic acid‐induced NTDs model, indicating the possible important role of these genes in NTDs. Taken together, our study provides more comprehensive information on mouse neural tube development, which might provide new insights on NTDs occurrence. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(9):706–719, 2017
Nuclear magnetic resonance‐ and mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics to study maleic acid toxicity from repeated dose exposure in rats
Authors: Wu Charlene , Chen Chi‐Hung , Chen Hsin‐Chang , Liang Hao‐Jan , Chen Shu‐Ting , Lin Wan‐Yu , Wu Kuen‐Yuh , Chiang Su‐Yin , Lin Ching‐Yu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMaleic acid (MA), a chemical intermediate used in many consumer and industrial products, was intentionally adulterated in a variety of starch‐based foods and instigated food safety incidents in Asia. We aim to elucidate possible mechanisms of MA toxicity after repeated exposure by (1) determining the changes of metabolic profile using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and multivariate analysis, and (2) investigating the occurrence of oxidative stress using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry by using Sprague–Dawley rat urine samples. Adult male rats were subjected to a 28 day subchronic study (0, 6, 20 and 60 mg kg−1) via oral gavage. Urine was collected twice a day on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28; organs underwent histopathological examination. Changes in body weight and relative kidney weights in medium‐ and high‐dose groups were significantly different compared to controls. Morphological alterations were evident in the kidneys and liver. Metabolomic results demonstrated that MA exposure increases the urinary concentrations of 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine, 8‐nitroguanine and 8‐iso‐prostaglandin F2α; levels of acetoacetate, hippurate, alanine and acetate demonstrated time‐ and dose‐dependent variations in the treatment groups. Findings suggest that MA consumption escalates oxidative damage, membrane lipid destruction and disrupt energy metabolism. These aforementioned changes in biomarkers and endogenous metabolites elucidate and assist in characterizing the possible mechanisms by which MA induces nephro‐ and hepatotoxicity.
Sequence and Architectural Control in Glycopolymer Synthesis
Authors: Abdouni Yamin , Yilmaz Gokhan , Becer C. Remzi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractGlycopolymers are synthetic‐carbohydrate‐containing materials capable of interacting and binding to specific targeting lectins, which are crucially important in many biologically active processes. Over the last decade, advances in synthetic chemistry and polymerization techniques have enabled the development of sequence and architecturally controlled glycopolymers for different types of bioapplications, such as drug delivery and release purposes, gene therapy, lectin‐based biosensors, and much more in the future. These precision glycopolymers are able to mimic structural and functional features of the naturally existing glycocalyx. Furthermore, self‐assembled glycopolymers could enhance specific and selective recognition properties on multivalent scaffolds in glycoscience. This mini‐review will focus on production methods and recent advances in precision synthesis and self‐assembly of glycopolymers. Additionally, possible contributions of single‐chain folding in glycopolymers will be discussed as a future prospect.
Duration effect of spectrally matched ground motion records on collapse resistance capacity evaluation of RC frame structures
Authors: Han Jianping , Sun Xiaoyun , Zhou Ying 
Published: July 2017

SummaryAs one of the most important characteristics of strong ground motion, duration is intuitively expected to influence the seismic responses of structures. Up to now, the prescriptive provisions on ground motion duration are not clear in current seismic design codes around the world. For collapse resistance capacity evaluation of the structures under severe earthquake, it is more urgent to investigate the influence of ground motion duration and appropriate consideration for evaluation. Because the factors to be considered in the modeling and dynamic analysis are not very comprehensive, previous studies on the effect of ground motion duration on structural response have not got a consistent conclusion. In this study, a spectral matching approach is used to decouple the influence of the frequency content of ground motion on structural seismic response. And the effect of the infill wall, the strength and stiffness degradation of the structural components, and the axial‐shear‐flexure interaction are also considered. First, the 60 ground motion records with different duration and peak ground acceleration were selected from PEER strong ground motion database and matched spectrally. Then, the three‐dimensional numerical model for an infilled RC frame structure was built via OpenSees, and the incremental dynamic analysis was carried out under the matched ground motion records. The geometric mean incremental dynamic analysis curves of the structure for 30 long‐duration ground motion records and 30 short‐duration ground motion records were obtained. And the correlation between maximum residual roof displacement and maximum residual inter‐story drift ratio with the significant duration was further investigated. Finally, the correlation between collapse resistance capacity in terms of the spectral acceleration at the fundamental period of the structure Sa(T1) and significant duration of all ground motion records was discussed, and collapse probability under different Sa(T1) were obtained. The analytical results show that with the same intensity measure, ground motion records with longer duration may induce larger inter‐story drift ratio, larger residual displacement, and higher collapse probability for the structure. It is also shown that the collapse resistance capacity of the structure tends to decrease with the increase of the significant duration of ground motion.
Does Black Socioeconomic Mobility Explain Recent Progress Toward Black-White Residential Integration?
Authors: Wagmiller Robert L. , Gage-Bouchard Elizabeth , Karraker Amelia 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Studies of racial residential segregation have found that black-white segregation in U.S. metropolitan areas has declined slowly but steadily since the early 1970s. As of this writing, black-white residential segregation in the United States is approximately 25 % lower than it was in 1970. To identify the sources of this decline, we used individual-level, geocoded data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) to compare the residential attainment of different cohorts of blacks. We analyzed these data using Blinder-Oaxaca regression decomposition techniques that partition the decline in residential segregation among cohorts into the decline resulting from (1) changes in the social and economic characteristics of blacks and (2) changes in the association between blacks’ social and economic characteristics and the level of residential segregation they experience. Our findings show that black cohorts entering adulthood prior to the civil rights movement of the 1960s experienced consistently high levels of residential segregation at middle age, but that cohorts transitioning to adulthood during and after this period of racial progress experienced significantly lower levels of residential segregation. We find that the decline in black-white residential segregation for these later cohorts reflects both their greater social and economic attainment and a strengthening of the association between socioeconomic characteristics and residential segregation. Educational gains for the post–civil rights era cohorts and improved access to integrated neighborhoods for high school graduates and college attendees in these later cohorts were the principal source of improved residential integration over this period.
Efficient aerodynamic derivative calculation in three-dimensional transonic flow
Authors: Thormann R. , Timme S. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTOne key task in computational aeroelasticity is to calculate frequency response functions of aerodynamic coefficients due to structural excitation or external disturbance. Computational fluid dynamics methods are applied for this task at edge-of-envelope flow conditions. Assuming a dynamically linear response around a non-linear steady state, two computationally efficient approaches in time and frequency domain are discussed. A non-periodic, time-domain function can be used, on the one hand, to excite a broad frequency range simultaneously giving the frequency response function in a single non-linear, time-marching simulation. The frequency-domain approach, on the other hand, solves a large but sparse linear system of equations, resulting from the linearisation about the non-linear steady state for each frequency of interest successively. Results are presented for a NACA 0010 aerofoil and a generic civil aircraft configuration in very challenging transonic flow conditions with strong shock-wave/boundary-layer interaction in the pre-buffet regime. Computational cost savings of up to 1 order of magnitude are observed in the time domain for the all-frequencies-at-once approach compared with single-frequency simulations, while an additional order of magnitude is obtained for the frequency-domain method. The paper demonstrates the readiness of computational aeroelasticity tools at edge-of-envelope flow conditions.
Helminth community structure of 13 species of anurans from Atlantic rainforest remnants, Brazil
Authors: Toledo G.M. , Schwartz H.O. , Nomura H.A.Q. , Aguiar A. , Velota R.A.M.V. , da Silva R.J. , Anjos L.A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the community composition and structure of the helminths found in 13 anuran species, and to evaluate whether this parasite community is determined by anuran characteristics. We found that the helminth fauna of the amphibians from five anuran families consisted of 13 taxa and that Cosmocercidae gen. sp. was the most prevalent taxon, followed byOswaldocruzia subauricularis. Host body size was a determining factor of the composition and structure of the parasitic fauna. Helminth abundance and richness were positively correlated with host body size. The hostLeptodactylus latranshad the highest helminth richness (n= 8). The frogHypsiboas faberhad the greatest helminth diversity (H′ = 0.711). The mean helminth species richness and diversity differed significantly between host species (P< 0.05). Taken together, our data indicate that, in sympatric species of amphibians, the morphological and behavioural characteristics of the hosts are important for structuring the helminth parasite communities.
Feeding habits and trophic level of the shovelnose guitarfish (Pseudobatos productus) in the upper Gulf of California
Authors: Valenzuela-Quiñonez Fausto , Galván-Magaña Felipe , Ebert David A. , Aragón-Noriega E. Alberto 
Published: July 2017

The shovelnose guitarfish (Pseudobatos productus) is the most abundant and economically important batoid in Gulf of California fisheries. Despite the importance of the guitarfish in the demersal ecosystem, its trophic relationships are poorly understood. Results from stomach content and stable isotope analysis indicateP. productusis a specialist predator that feeds on coastal benthic organisms, mainly crustaceans, followed by fishes and cephalopods in the Upper Gulf of California. Males and females did not differ in dietary composition and isotopic values.Pseudobatos productusdisplayed ontogenetic changes in the diet, with smaller, immature individuals having a more specialized diet and mature individuals becoming generalist predators. Size classes I (<570 mm) and II (>570 mm) fed almost exclusively on crustaceans (99.78% and 82.37 %IRI, respectively). Size class III (>832 mm) increased consumption of fishes (22.11 %IRI) and squid (6.54 %IRI). Ontogenetic diet shifts were strongly supported by the SIAR mixing model. Stomach content and stable isotope analyses classifyP. productusas a second-order predator.
SETIin vivo: testing the we-are-them hypothesis
Authors: Makukov Maxim A. , shCherbak Vladimir I. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAfter it was proposed that life on Earth might descend from seeding by an earlier extraterrestrial civilization motivated to secure and spread life, some authors noted that this alternative offers a testable implication: microbial seeds could be intentionally supplied with a durable signature that might be found in extant organisms. In particular, it was suggested that the optimal location for such an artefact is the genetic code, as the least evolving part of cells. However, as the mainstream view goes, this scenario is too speculative and cannot be meaningfully tested because encoding/decoding a signature within the genetic code is something ill-defined, so any retrieval attempt is doomed to guesswork. Here we refresh the seeded-Earth hypothesis in light of recent observations, and discuss the motivation for inserting a signature. We then show that ‘biological SETI’ involves even weaker assumptions than traditional SETI and admits a well-defined methodological framework. After assessing the possibility in terms of molecular and evolutionary biology, we formalize the approach and, adopting the standard guideline of SETI that encoding/decoding should follow from first principles and be convention-free, develop a universal retrieval strategy. Applied to the canonical genetic code, it reveals a non-trivial precision structure of interlocked logical and numerical attributes of systematic character (previously we found these heuristically). To assess this result in view of the initial assumption, we perform statistical, comparison, interdependence and semiotic analyses. Statistical analysis reveals no causal connection of the result to evolutionary models of the genetic code, interdependence analysis precludes overinterpretation, and comparison analysis shows that known variations of the code lack any precision-logic structures, in agreement with these variations being post-LUCA (i.e. post-seeding) evolutionary deviations from the canonical code. Finally, semiotic analysis shows that not only the found attributes are consistent with the initial assumption, but that they make perfect sense from SETI perspective, as they ultimately maintain some of the most universal codes of culture.