bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children's awareness concerning emotion regulation strategies: Effects of attachment status
Authors: Ştefan Catrinel A. , Avram Julia , Miclea Mircea 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe current study evaluated the effects of preschoolers' attachment status on their awareness concerning emotion regulation strategies. A total of 212 children between 3 and 5 years participated in this study and completed two self‐report tasks. The first was the Attachment Story Completion Task (ASCT), which assessed children's internal working models concerning parent–child attachment; the second evaluated children's ability to generate emotion regulation strategies in relation to three negative emotions (anger, sadness, and fear). Statistical analyses involved a mixed models multilinear regression approach controlling for age and gender. The results consistently revealed that the insecure avoidant group was significantly less likely than securely attached children to generate both comforting and self‐regulatory strategies. Surprisingly, the insecure ambivalent group showed no deficits across measured outcomes. When the analyses were conducted separately for each negative emotion, findings for co‐regulatory strategies for fear, and self‐regulatory strategies for anger also suggested that avoidantly attached children exhibited the lowest levels of awareness compared with children from the secure attachment group. These findings stress the importance of children's attachment status, and implicitly, the quality of the parent–child interactions for children's awareness of emotion regulation strategies related to negative emotions.
Academic competence perceptions moderate the effects of peer support following academic success disclosures
Authors: Altermatt Ellen Rydell 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAcademic successes are a common part of children's daily lives. Prior research indicates that children frequently attempt to capitalize on these events by sharing the good news with peers. This short‐term longitudinal study of third‐ through seventh‐grade students (N = 359) provides evidence that, for children with low academic competence perceptions, peer academic support in the form of enthusiastic responses to academic success disclosures can be a double‐edged sword. Regardless of their self‐views, perceptions of enthusiastic responses to academic success disclosures were associated with a greater willingness to disclose academic successes to friends and higher perceptions of peer academic support over time. For children with low academic competence perceptions, however, perceptions of enthusiastic responses to academic success disclosures also predicted heightened academic worry which, in turn, predicted greater endorsement of performance–avoidance goals over time. Future research will be critical in developing interventions that can assist children with low academic competence perceptions in more fully enjoying the benefits that can accrue from capitalization attempts.
Multiclonal Expansion of Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates Producing NDM-1 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Aires Caio Augusto Martins , Pereira Polyana Silva , de Araujo Carlos Felipe Machado , Chagas Thiago Pavoni Gomes , Oliveira Jane Cleide Ribeiro , Buonora Sibelle Nogueira , Albano Rodolpho Mattos , Carvalho-Assef Ana Paula D'Alincourt , Asensi Marise Dutra 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

We characterized NDM-1-producing
Klebsiella
isolates from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. PCR was applied for resistance and virulence determinants. The genetic context of
bla
NDM
was determined by S1 nuclease pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and hybridization. Genotyping was performed by PFGE and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Most isolates carried multiple resistance genes and remained susceptible to amikacin, fosfomycin-trometamol, polymyxin B, and tigecycline. The spread of NDM-1-producing
Klebsiella pneumoniae
was not associated with clonal expansion and appears to be associated with Tn
3000
.
Aphid Heritable Symbiont Exploits Defensive Mutualism
Authors: Doremus Matthew R. , Oliver Kerry M. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Insects and other animals commonly form symbioses with heritable bacteria, which can exert large influences on host biology and ecology. The pea aphid,
Acyrthosiphon pisum
, is a model for studying effects of infection with heritable facultative symbionts (HFS), and each of its seven common HFS species has been reported to provide resistance to biotic or abiotic stresses. However, one common HFS, called X-type, rarely occurs as a single infection in field populations and instead typically superinfects individual aphids with
Hamiltonella defensa
, another HFS that protects aphids against attack by parasitic wasps. Using experimental aphid lines comprised of all possible infection combinations in a uniform aphid genotype, we investigated whether the most common strain of X-type provides any of the established benefits associated with aphid HFS as a single infection or superinfection with
H. defensa
. We found that X-type does not confer protection to any tested threats, including parasitoid wasps, fungal pathogens, or thermal stress. Instead, component fitness assays identified large costs associated with X-type infection, costs which were ameliorated in superinfected aphids. Together these findings suggest that X-type exploits the aphid/
H. defensa
mutualism and is maintained primarily as a superinfection by “hitchhiking” via the mutualistic benefits provided by another HFS. Exploitative symbionts potentially restrict the functions and distributions of mutualistic symbioses with effects that extend to other community members.

IMPORTANCE
Maternally transmitted bacterial symbionts are widespread and can have major impacts on the biology of arthropods, including insects of medical and agricultural importance. Given that host fitness and symbiont fitness are tightly linked, inherited symbionts can spread within host populations by providing beneficial services. Many insects, however, are frequently infected with multiple heritable symbiont species, providing potential alternative routes of symbiont maintenance. Here we show that a common pea aphid symbiont called X-type likely employs an exploitative strategy of hitchhiking off the benefits of a protective symbiont,
Hamiltonella
. Infection with X-type provides none of the benefits conferred by other aphid symbionts and instead results in large fitness costs, costs lessened by superinfection with
Hamiltonella
. These findings are corroborated by natural infections in field populations, where X-type is mostly found superinfecting aphids with
Hamiltonella
. Exploitative symbionts may be common in hosts with communities of heritable symbionts and serve to hasten the breakdown of mutualisms.
Zinc isotope evidence for intensive magmatism immediately before the end-Permian mass extinction
Authors: Liu Sheng-Ao , Wu Huaichun , Shen Shu-zhong , Jiang Ganqing , Zhang Shihong , Lv Yiwen , Zhang Hua , Li Shuguang 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The end-Permian extinction is typically ascribed to massive volcanic eruptions, but direct geochemical evidence linking the two independent events is generally lacking. Zinc is an important micronutrient of marine phytoplanktons, and Zn isotope (δ66Zn) ratios of seawater are markedly higher than those of volcanic rocks and riverine waters. We conducted high-resolution Zn concentration and Zn isotope analyses on carbonate rocks across the Permian-Triassic boundary (PTB) in the Meishan section of south China. An abrupt increase of Zn concentration and a concomitant 0.5‰ decrease in δ66Zn occur ∼35 k.y. before the mass extinction and carbon isotope (δ13C) minima. Mass balance calculation demonstrates that a 0.5‰ negative shift in δ66Zn within thousands of years requires rapid and massive input of isotopically light Zn from volcanic ashes, hydrothermal inputs, and/or extremely fast weathering of large igneous provinces. A positive δ66Zn shift of as much as 1.0‰ following the mass extinction demonstrates that primary productivity recovered and reached a maximum in fewer than 360 k.y. Our finding provides insights into the marine Zn cycling across the PTB and clarifies the temporal relationship and duration of events, including intensive volcanism, carbon isotope excursion, mass extinction, and widespread ocean anoxia.
Sediment cycling on continental and oceanic crust
Authors: Peters Shanan E. , Husson Jon M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Sedimentary rocks are often described as declining in quantity with increasing age due to the cumulative effects of crustal deformation and erosion. One important implication of such a model is that the geological record becomes progressively less voluminous and less complete with increasing age. Here we show that the predictions of a model in which the destruction of sedimentary rock is the predominant process signal are borne out only among sediments deposited on oceanic crust and among sediments deposited above sea level in non-marine environments. Most of the surviving volume of sedimentary rock (∼75%) was deposited in and adjacent to shallow seas on continental crust and does not exhibit any steady decrease in quantity with increasing age. Instead, shallow marine sediments exhibit large fluctuations in quantity that were driven by shifting global tectonic boundary conditions, such as those that occur during the breakup and coalescence of supercontinents. The accumulation of sediments on the continents has not been uniform in rate, but it does record a primary signal of net growth that has many implications for the long-term evolution of Earth’s surface environment.
Protocol for a prospective observational study of cortical lower urinary tract control changes following intradetrusor injection of botulinum toxin-A in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Elizondo Rodolfo A , Karmonik Christof , Boone Timothy B , Khavari Rose 
Published: February 2017

IntroductionMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a severe debilitating disease that affects patients' quality of life. Up to 90% of patients with MS will develop lower urinary tract dysfunction within the first 18 years of the disease. If oral pharmacotherapy with anticholinergics, behavioural modifications and pelvic floor physical therapy are unsuccessful, intradetrusor injection of botulinum toxin-A (OnaBotA; Botox Allergan, Dublin, Ireland) is a highly effective option for these patients. The local effects of OnaBotA are well understood, but not much is known of its afferent/sensory effects while treating the end organ. Our study will use functional MRI (fMRI) and task-related blood oxygen level-dependent signals to evaluate patients with MS and neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) prior to, and after, intradetrusor injection of OnaBotA with simultaneous urodynamic evaluation. Urinary concentration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor will also be collected since it has been shown that patients with an overactive bladder have higher concentrations of these neuropeptides.Methods and analysisFemale patients with MS and lower urinary tract symptoms who previously have undergone urodynamic screening and are refractory to conservative and oral pharmacotherapy management for NDO and are interested in OnaBotA intradetrusor injection will be invited to participate in the study. An fMRI will be performed preintradetrusor injection and postintradetrusor injection of OnaBotA with simultaneous MRI compatible with material urodynamics. Images will be collected and analysed accordingly.Ethics and disseminationAll of the patients are properly consented before enrolling in this study that has been previously approved by the Institutional Review Board. Results of neural connectivity activation will be presented at national and international meetings and published in scholarly journals.
miR-135a-5p-mediated downregulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor delta is a candidate driver of HCV-associated hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Van Renne Nicolaas , Roca Suarez Armando Andres , Duong Francois H T , Gondeau Claire , Calabrese Diego , Fontaine Nelly , Ababsa Amina , Bandiera Simonetta , Croonenborghs Tom , Pochet Nathalie , De Blasi Vito , Pessaux Patrick , Piardi Tullio , Sommacale Daniele , Ono Atsushi , Chayama Kazuaki , Fujita Masashi , Nakagawa Hidewaki , Hoshida Yujin , Zeisel Mirjam B , Heim Markus H , Baumert Thomas F , Lupberger Joachim 
Published: February 2017

Background and aimsHCV infection is a leading risk factor of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, even after viral clearance, HCC risk remains elevated. HCV perturbs host cell signalling to maintain infection, and derailed signalling circuitry is a key driver of carcinogenesis. Since protein phosphatases are regulators of signalling events, we aimed to identify phosphatases that respond to HCV infection with relevance for hepatocarcinogenesis.MethodsWe assessed mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in primary human hepatocytes, liver biopsies and resections of patients with HCC, and analysed microarray and RNA-seq data from paired liver biopsies of patients with HCC. We revealed changes in transcriptional networks through gene set enrichment analysis and correlated phosphatase expression levels to patient survival and tumour recurrence.ResultsWe demonstrate that tumour suppressor protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor delta (PTPRD) is impaired by HCV infection in vivo and in HCC lesions of paired liver biopsies independent from tissue inflammation or fibrosis. In liver tissue adjacent to tumour, high PTPRD levels are associated with a dampened transcriptional activity of STAT3, an increase of patient survival from HCC and reduced tumour recurrence after surgical resection. We identified miR-135a-5p as a mechanistic regulator of hepatic PTPRD expression in patients with HCV.ConclusionsWe previously demonstrated that STAT3 is required for HCV infection. We conclude that HCV promotes a STAT3 transcriptional programme in the liver of patients by suppressing its regulator PTPRD via upregulation of miR-135a-5p. Our results show the existence of a perturbed PTPRD–STAT3 axis potentially driving malignant progression of HCV-associated liver disease.
Ticagrelor reversal:in vitroassessment of four haemostatic agents
Authors: Calmette Leyla , Martin Anne-Céline , Le Bonniec Bernard , Zlotnik Diane , Gouin-Thibault Isabelle , Bachelot-Loza Christilla , Gaussem Pascale , Godier Anne 
Published: February 2017

AimManagement of ticagrelor-induced bleeding is challenging as platelet transfusion is ineffective. An effective strategy is needed. This study aimed to investigatein vitrothe efficacy of four haemostatic drugs (HDs), namely recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa), fibrinogen concentrate (Fib), tranexamic acid (TXA) and factor XIII concentrate (FXIII) to improve the haemostatic capacity in the presence of ticagrelor.MethodsBlood was spiked with ticagrelor then supplemented by either HD or control. Several assays were performed: ADP-induced platelet aggregation measured by impedance aggregometry, light transmission and two global assays, thrombolastography with the platelet mapping device (TEG-PM) and a platelet-dependent thrombin generation assay (TGA).ResultsTicagrelor inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation and decreased the clot strength maximum amplitude (MA) in TEG-PMADP. None of the HDs corrected these parameters. However, rFVIIa shortened the coagulation time R using TEG-PMthrombinand the time to peak prolonged by ticagrelor in TGA. Fib increased MAthrombinand FXIII decreased LY30. TXA had no effects.ConclusionsWhereas none of the HDs corrected ticagrelor-induced platelet inhibition, rFVIIa shortened coagulation times, Fib increased clot firmness and FXIII decreased fibrinolysis. Consequently, they may bypass ticagrelor effects by acting on fibrin formation or fibrinolysis. Further studies are needed to confirm these datain vivo.
Hypoxia Causes Downregulation of Dicer in Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Which Is Required for Upregulation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α and Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed Atef , Schmithals Christian , Kowarz Erik , Köberle Verena , Kakoschky Bianca , Pleli Thomas , Kollmar Otto , Nitsch Scarlett , Waidmann Oliver , Finkelmeier Fabian , Zeuzem Stefan , Korf Horst-Werner , Schmid Tobias , Weigert Andreas , Kronenberger Bernd , Marschalek Rolf , Piiper Albrecht 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Purpose: A role of Dicer, which converts precursor miRNAs to mature miRNAs, in the tumor-promoting effect of hypoxia is currently emerging in some tumor entities. Its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unknown.
Experimental Design: HepG2 and Huh-7 cells were stably transfected with an inducible Dicer expression vector and were exposed to hypoxia/normoxia. HepG2-Dicer xenografts were established in nude mice; hypoxic areas and Dicer were detected in HCC xenografts and HCCs from mice with endogenous hepatocarcinogenesis; and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were analyzed by immunohistochemistry or by immunoblotting. The correlation between Dicer and carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9), a marker of hypoxia, was investigated in resected human HCCs.
Results: Hypoxia increased EMT markers in vitro and in vivo and led to a downregulation of Dicer in HCC cells. The levels of Dicer were downregulated in hypoxic tumor regions in mice with endogenous hepatocarcinogenesis and in HepG2 xenografts. In human HCCs, the levels of Dicer correlated inversely with those of CA9, indicating that the negative regulation of Dicer by hypoxia also applies to HCC patients. Forced expression of Dicer prevented the hypoxia-induced increase in hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α), HIF2α, hypoxia-inducible genes (CA9, glucose transporter 1), EMT markers, and cell migration.
Conclusions: We here identify downmodulation of Dicer as novel essential process in hypoxia-induced EMT in HCC and demonstrate that induced expression of Dicer counteracted hypoxia-induced EMT. Thus, targeting hypoxia-induced downmodulation of Dicer is a promising novel strategy to reduce HCC progression. Clin Cancer Res; 23(14); 3896–905. ©2017 AACR.
Validation of the Prognostic Utility of the Electrocardiogram for Acute Drug Overdose
Authors: Manini Alex F. , Nair Ajith P. , Vedanthan Rajesh , Vlahov David , Hoffman Robert S. 
Published: February 2017

Background

While it is certain that some emergency department patients with acute drug overdose suffer adverse cardiovascular events (
ACVE
), predicting
ACVE
is difficult. The prognostic utility of the
ECG
for heterogeneous drug overdose patients remains to be proven. This study was undertaken to validate previously derived features of the initial
ECG
associated with
ACVE
in this population.

Methods and Results

We performed a prospective validation cohort study to evaluate adult emergency department patients with acute drug overdose at 2 urban university hospitals over 5 years in whom an emergency department admission
ECG
was performed. Exclusion criteria were alternate diagnoses, anaphylaxis, chronic drug toxicity, and missing outcome data.
ACVE
was defined as any of the following: circulatory shock, myocardial injury, ventricular dysrhythmia, or cardiac arrest. Blinded cardiologists interpreted
ECG
s for previously derived predictors of
ACVE
(ectopy,
QT
prolongation, nonsinus rhythm, ischemia/infarction),
QT
dispersion, and prominent R wave in lead
AVR
. Of 589 patients who met inclusion criteria (48% male, mean age 42), there were 95
ACVE
s (39 shock, 64 myocardial injury, 26 dysrhythmia, 16 cardiac arrest). The most common drug exposures were as follows: benzodiazepines, opioids, and acetaminophen. Previously derived criteria were highly predictive of
ACVE
, with QT correction >500 ms as the highest risk feature (
OR
11.2,
CI
4.6–27).

Conclusions

This study confirms that early
ECG
evaluation is essential to assess the cardiovascular prognosis and medical clearance of emergency department patients with acute drug overdose. Furthermore, this study validates previously derived high‐risk features of the admission
ECG
to risk stratify for
ACVE
in this patient population.
Ankyloglossia and Lingual Frenotomy: National Trends in Inpatient Diagnosis and Management in the United States, 1997‐2012
Authors: Walsh Jonathan , Links Anne , Boss Emily , Tunkel David 
Published: February 2017

Objectives(1) Describe trends in the diagnosis of ankyloglossia and the use of lingual frenotomy and (2) analyze patient‐ and hospital‐level factors as compared with the total pediatric discharge population.Study DesignNational database analysis.MethodsWe reviewed available data from 1997 to 2012 using the Kids’ Inpatient Database, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. All weighted pediatric discharges with ankyloglossia, newborn feeding difficulty, or lingual frenotomy were analyzed for variables of sex, payer, zip code median income, hospital ownership, location/teaching status, bed size, region, and children’s hospital status. Chi‐square analysis with 95% CIs and odds ratio were used to identify differences between the study group and the total database discharge population.ResultsDiagnosis of ankyloglossia increased each year of publication (every third year)—with 3934, 5430, 7785, 11,397, 19,459, and 32,837 children, respectively, from 1997 to 2012—with the largest increase in the last 6 years. Similarly, frenotomy increased with 1279, 1633, 2538, 3988, 6900, and 12,406 procedures. Compared with the total discharge population, children with ankyloglossia or frenotomy were more often male (63.6% ankyloglossia, 65.3% frenotomy vs 51.2%), privately insured (60.1%, 62.1% vs 43.6%), from a higher median‐income zip code (78.1%, 78.2% vs 68.6%), and in Midwest region (29.3%, 32.3% vs 21.7%).ConclusionThese pilot data show increases in diagnoses of ankyloglossia and use of frenotomy. There is a preponderance of children who are male, privately insured, or Midwest residents being diagnosed and treated for ankyloglossia. This broad variation may reflect local practice patterns or imply cultural and socioeconomic bias.
CSF-1–induced Src signaling can instruct monocytic lineage choice
Authors: Endele Max , Loeffler Dirk , Kokkaliaris Konstantinos D. , Hilsenbeck Oliver , Skylaki Stavroula , Hoppe Philipp S. , Schambach Axel , Stanley E. Richard , Schroeder Timm 
Published: February 2017

Key PointsSFK signaling is sufficient to mediate M fate instruction by CSF-1. c-Src activity is sufficient to enforce M fate, both in myeloid progenitors and in nonmyeloid cells.