bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF WALKING OF THE CHILD INDEPENDENTLY ON THE DEVELOPMENTAL DYSPLASIA OF THE HIP
Authors: Ahmed Jager 
Published: July 2017

Background
In developmental dysplasia of the hip a number of pathological changes develop, some of them perhaps reflecting a primary dysplasia of the acetabulum and / or the proximal femur, but most of them are results of adaptation to persistent instability and abnormal joint loading. After weight bearing commences, these changes are intensified. Most children begin to walk independently near their 1st year birthday; some do not walk until 18 month of age. At this age group the classical treatment of a dislocated hip is closed reduction with spica cast then abduction splint. Re-displacement is one of the complications of the treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip.
Objective
The aim is to assess the effect of independent walking of a child on the future treatment of a missed dislocated hip whether it increases the risk of failure of treatment by re-displacement of the hip or not.
Patients and Methods
This study included those children who had missed dislocation or subluxation of the hip and they were at the expected period of beginning of walking independently (age 12-18 months). They were 87 patients with 131 dislocated or subluxated hips. Patients were divided into five groups: Group 1: still not walking independently, Group 2: walking independently for less than 1 month, Group 3: walking for 1-2 months, Group 4: walking for 2-3 months and Group 5: walking for more than 3 months.
Results
Most of patients in Group 1 had bilateral developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) (63.3%) and also in Group 5 (80%), while in Group 2, 3 and 4 the DDH were more common in one side (75%, 71.4% and 72.7% respectively ). From the total number of patients who had been included in this study, 21 hips out of 131 showed signs of re-displacement with an incidence of failure of 16 %. There were 3 hips in Group 1, 1 hip in Group 2, 4 hips in Group 3, 6 hips in Group 4 and 7 hips in Group 5.
Conclusion
Walking of a child independently is associated with an increased risk of failure of closed reduction in patients having developmental dysplasia of the hip between the age of 12-18 months specially after 2 months from walking.
NON TRAUMATIC GASTROINTESTINAL PERFORATION AS A CAUSE OF ACUTE ABDOMEN
Authors: Saeed Kamal , Abdulqadr Kamal 
Published: July 2017

Background
Any part of the GI tract may become perforated, releasing gastric or intestinal contents into the peritoneal space. Causes vary. Symptoms develop suddenly, with severe pain and may be followed by signs of shock. Diagnosis is usually made by the presence of free air in the abdomen on imaging studies. Treatment is with fluid resuscitation, antibiotics, and surgery. Mortality varies with the underlying disorder and the patient’s general health.
Objectives
To study the clinical pattern of various gastrointestinal perforations in Surgical Emergency Department in Sulaimany.
Patients and Methods
This prospective study was done in Sulaimany Teaching Hospital, including all emergency, non-traumatic acute abdomen those were caused by gastrointestinal (GI) perforation from the 1st of February 2011 to the 1st of September 2012. A total of 100 patients were collected. Patient’s data were analyzed by history, examination and various laboratory investigations and radiological studies.
Results
The commonest cause of perforation was peptic ulcer (70%), nineteen cases (19%) were infection, and the remaining (11%) were from other causes. Seventy-two patients (72%) were male and (28%) were female, fifty cases were of age between 15-45 years. Most of the patients presented with pain in the abdomen (93%), eighty febrile, and (7%) had shock. Ninety-eight (98%) cases were surgically treated, of which 60 were recovered uneventfully, thirty-one cases developed complications and 8 died post-operatively.
Conclusion
To manage a case of perforated hollow viscus of any sort, a skilled surgical team which can handle these situations confidently is of prime importance.
THREE HUNDRED SIXTY DEGREE PHOTOTHERAPY VERSUS CONVENTIONAL PHOTOTHERAPY IN NEONATAL INDIRECT HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA
Authors: Mahdy Hind , Alrabaty Abbas , Alsaqy Azhar 
Published: July 2017

Background
Phototherapy is the mainstay of treatment of hyperbilirubinemia. The efficacy of phototherapy depended on the light spectrum (wavelength), intensity of and type of the light and surface area of the infant exposed to phototherapy and distance of the light from the baby. A measure of the efficacy of phototherapy is the rate of decline in total serum bilirubin per hour and the dramatic reduction in the number of exchange transfusions being performed.
Objectives
To determine the efficacy of increasing surface area of phototherapy (360◦) compared with conventional single surface fluorescent phototherapy.
Patients and Methods
A prospective study was done for 214 neonates, who were admitted to neonatal care unit at Raprin teaching hospital in a period of 6 months from the first of January till the thirty of July 2013. Neonates were presented with significant indirect hyperbilirubinemia that needed phototherapy, less than two weeks of age were included in this study. According to the level of total serum bilirubin and availability of highly intensive phototherapy the cases were divided in to two groups.
Results
The mean starting TSB in group I was 15.03±2.53 mg/dl while in group II 19.65±3.34 mg/dl and the percentage of decline after 12 hour in group I was 19.17±13.08%, while in group II was 39.37±10.31% , and it was statistically significant (p<0.001). The decline rate after 12 hour ,regarding group I was 0.23 ± 0.21 mg/dl/hr, while in group II was 0.50 ± 0.33 mg/dl/hr which was statistically significant (p<0.001). There was a significant decline in the number of exchange transfusion in 2013 when the highly intensive 360 degree phototherapy started to be used.
Conclusion
Increasing surface area of exposure increase the rate of reducing of the serum bilirubin, and decreases rate of exchange transfusion as well.
EFFECTIVENESS OF CINNARIZINE AND/OR POSTURAL RESTRICTION AS AN ADJUVANT MEASURES ON THE THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF CANALITH REPOSITIONING PROCEDURE IN TREATING UNILATERAL PC-BPPV
Authors: Zmnako Sherko 
Published: July 2017

Background
Posterior Canal Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (PC-BPPV) is by far the most common cause of vertigo, to establish the diagnosis the Dix-Hallpike maneuver (DX) is the definitive part of the physical examination.First-line therapy is organized around Canalith Repositioning Procedure (CRP). Further treatment options include: many otolaryngologists had routinely prescribed post-maneuver postural restriction and/or vestibular suppressants the latter as an adjuvant treatment for this disorder.
Patients and Methods
A prospective double blinded randomized interventional controlled study conducted on 109 patients diagnosed as having canalithiasis unilateral PC-BPPV. Enrolled patients were received CRP as an initial standard treatment then randomly assigned in to four groups of treatments. Two different scales of vertigo symptoms assessment were used before and after the procedure: 1- Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI). 2- Vertigo Symptom Scale - Short Form (SF).
Results
DHI 1, SF 1 (1 week post-CRP) and DHI 3, SF 3 (3 months post-CRP) didn’t show significant differences across the groups, P value: 0.487, 0.933, 0.979 and 0.145 respectively (P > 0.05). The mean ranks of DHI 2 and SF 2 (1month post-CRP) in G3 in compare with other groups are lower in both scales. The mean ranks of DHI
2 in Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 are 59.78, 53.33, 29.39 and 42.1 respectively and in addition these ranks for SF 2 are 53.5, 57.07, 29.95 and 45.48 respectively.
Conclusion
Cinnarizine as adjuvant therapy didn’t enhance the therapeutic effect of CRP. Adjuvant postural restriction enhances the therapeutic effect of CRP by facilitating symptoms resolution within one month (medium term effect).
ASSESSMENT OF THE OUTCOME OF PROXIMAL FEMORAL NAIL VERSUS DYNAMIC HIP SCREW IN THE TREATMENT OF UNSTABLE INTERTROCHANTERIC FRACTURE IN ELDERLY PATIENTS
Authors: Khaffaf Rebar 
Published: July 2017

Background
Intertrochanteric fractures are common problems in elderly and need surgical intervention to prevent bed ridden problems and decrease comorbidities among the elderly population. Globally there is an increase in the incidence of femoral neck fracture and the surgical management with better outcome is challenging for surgeons and for hospitals.
Objective
To assess the outcome of proximal femoral nail versus dynamic hip screw in the treatment of unstable Intertrochanteric fracture in elderly patient.
Patients and Methods
This prospective study was carried out at orthopedic departments in Shar Hospital, teaching hospital,Tuymalik and Roonaki private hospitals between 26th July 2013 to 15th October 2014. The study included 88 patients with intertrachanteric fracture of the femur, 48 were male, and 40 were female they were divided in two groups; 44 patients were treated by proximal femoral nail (PFN) and the other 44 patients by dynamic hip screw (DHS). For both groups data regarding age, sex, side of fracture were recorded, then we compared both group intraoperatively and postoperatively with respect to operation time,hospital stay, varus deformity of the neck, misplacement of hip screw, mobilization after operation, implant failure, screw cut out, hip pain, bed sore, deep vein thrombosis, and union duration.
Results
The mean age was 64±19, 48% were above 70 year and 52% were below 70 years age, male 48 (54.5%) and female 40(45.5), fracture side was 40.9% right and 59.1% left, 50% fixed by PFN and 50% fixed by DHS, operation duration mean for PFN was 63.8±11.5 min and 88.5±13.3 min for DHS with significance P value (<0.001), mean hospitalization time was 4.3±1.2 day for PFN and 6.3±1.7 day for DHS with significance P value (<0.001), mean mobilization time was 1.6± 0.7 day for PFN and 2.5±1.2 day for DHS with significance P value (0.007), mean union duration was 3.3 ±0.9 months for PFN and 4.8±1.6 months for DHS with significance P value (0.001), Intra and postoperative complication was 6 (13%)screw of hip screw misplacement happen in 4 cases of DHS and 2(3.7%) cases of PFN, implant failure 1 (2%) case of PFN ,screw cut out 2(3.7%) cases for PFN, bed sore 8(18%) cases for DHS, hip pain was 8(13%) cases for DHS, varus collapse 6 (13%) in which 2 cases (3.7%) for PFN and 4(8%) for DHS.
Conclusion
Proximal femoral nail which is an intramedulary devices for the fixation is more stable devices for the patients with fracture of Intertrochanteric (kyle 3 or Ao31-A2) than DHS which is extramedulary devices (plate and screws) in term of shorter time of surgery. Early mobilization of the patient, early callus formation and earlier union, with less complication regarding bed sore and hip pain.
PREVALENCE OF NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS AMONG NEONATES IN SULAIMANY MATERNITY HOSPITAL
Authors: Ali Adiba 
Published: July 2017

Background
Awareness among women about folic acid supplementation during pregnancy showed an increment. Therefore, a difference in the prevalence of Neural Tube Defects happened.
Objectives
The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of NTDs in Sulaimani governorate and to make a comparison between the 2 periods before and after folic acid fortification of wheat in Iraq and with improved awareness of mothers.
Methods
This observational study was conducted in Sulaimani Maternity Teaching Hospital in two different periods. The first period extending from 1/7/2005 to 31/12/2006, out of 19831 live births, records of neonates with anencephaly, meningocele, meningomyelocele and encephalocele were reviewed. The second period extending from 1/7/2012 to 31/12/2013, out of 26841 live births, a combined record revision and direct interview of mothers who had delivered a newborn with Neural Tube Defects was followed.
Results
Results showed that during the first period of study, out of 19831 Live Births, 52 cases of Neural Tube Defects were encountered making a prevalence rate of 2.6/1000 Live Births. The total number of deliveries during the second period was 26841 Live Births and the number of newborns having Neural Tube Defects was 31, making
a prevalence rate of 1.16/1000 Live Births.
Conclusion
It was found that Neural Tube Defects are common in our area and that fortification of wheat flour with folic acid together with providing folic acid to pregnant mothers at the antenatal clinics had an overall effect in decreasing the prevalence of this defect.
PERCUTANEOUS NEPHROLITHOTOMY: OUR INITIAL EXPERIENCE WITH 125 CASES
Authors: Mahmood Sarwar 
Published: July 2017

Background
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is generally accepted to be a minimal invasive technique with low complication rates. In the current study we reviewed our initial experience with percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
Patients and Methods
A prospective study of 125 patients with mean age of (34.65) years, underwent PCNL in our center from April 2009 to November 2010. PCNL done in prone position by a single experienced faculty urologists under general or spinal anesthesia under fluoroscopic guidance. The kidney was punctured via a lower pole calyx whenever possible. The demographic data, stone parameters, PCNL complications and stone-free rate were evaluated.
Results
One hundred twenty five patients, underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy , 85 male and 40 female, with a mean (range) age of 34.65 (3-83) years, and a mean (range) stone size of 39,6 mm (10-80) mm. Stone-free rate after PCNL monotherapy was 81.6%, which increased to 88% with clinically insignificant small residual fragments ≤4 mm. Overall complication rate was observed in twenty six patients (20.8%). Majority were minor complications, with the most common observations of transient fever (11.2%), need for blood transfusion (5.6%), pelvic and calyceal perforations were 4%, and all managed conservatively. No death, urosepsis, nor injuries to adjacent organs were recorded.
Conclusion
Our data demonstrate that PCNL is a safe and effective technique. Most of the intraoperative incidents or complications are minor and easy to solve. However, an adequate training is imperative in order to reduce the associated morbidity.
LIPID PROFILE IN TYPE 1 DIABETIC PATIENTS ATTENDING DIABETIC CENTER IN SULAIMANIA CITY
Authors: Al-Banna Haitham , Ramzi Zhian , Jalal Hero 
Published: July 2017

Background
Diabetes mellitus is a of metabolic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism in which glucose is under-utilized producing hyperglycemia and changes in lipid profile.
Objectives
To find out prevalence of dyslipidemia among type1 diabetic and relation of dyslipidemia with control of diabetes mellitus and its duration.
Patients and Methods
The study was done in a diabetic center from July to November 2013, in which 159 Type 1diabetic patients participate, during the interviews a questionnaire was filled including demographic characteristics in addition to laboratory investigation including fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and lipid profile. SPSS was used to measure means; Chi-square and logistic regression were used when indicated to be significant at p-value ≤ 0.05.
Results
One hundred fifty nine patients were involved in this study. Eighty three female, their age between 13-35 years, Glycosylated hemoglobin was <7% in 13(8.2%) of them and ≥7% in 146 (91.8%). Dyslipidemia present in 89.9% of our patients. Significant relationship between glycosylated hemoglobin with only low density lipoprotein (p= 0.03) and total cholesterol (p= 0.04). Also significant relation found in high triglyceride in male (p= 0.01) with low high density lipoprotein in female (p=0.03) and between duration of DM and only low density lipoprotein (p= 0.01). Significant association was found between all lipid profile except total cholesterol and high body mass index.
Conclusion
High percentage of dyslipidemia found in current study associated with poor control of diabetes mellitus and high body mass index. Obesity, gender, duration of diabetes. Diastolic blood pressure and occupation can be used to predict some parameters of lipid profile.
PROTECTIVE ROLE OF GINGER ON TESTICULAR TISSUE AND TESTOSTERONE HORMONE OF MALE RATS EXPOSED TO MONO-SODIUM GLUTAMATE
Authors: Mustafa Snoor , Qader Gulala , Mahmood Shler 
Published: July 2017

Background
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is commonly used food additive and flavor enhancer and it causes tissue damage. Ginger (Zingiber officinale), a medicinal plant that gaining popularity for its variety of biological protection activities.
Objectives
This study was carried out to find out the protective role of ginger in eliminating the toxic effect of MSG on testicular tissue and testosterone hormone in rats.
Materials and Methods
Twenty four adult male rats were divided, randomly, into 3 equal groups. The 1st group was designed as control, the 2nd administered MSG orally at dose 4mg/kg body weight for 14 days and the 3rd group treated with MSG in oral doses of 4 mg/kg body weight plus Ginger extract at dose 100 mg /kg body weight for 14 days.
Results
The study showed that MSG has altered the microarchitecture of testicular tissues, reduced seminiferous tubule diameter and germinal epithelial thickness, and increased the interstitial spaces with reduction in Leydig cells and Testosterone hormone level. In addition Ginger extract has prevented the MSG effect. All the results were significant statistically.
Conclusion
Ginger has protective and improving role against the effects induced by MSG on the rat testicular tissue.
PREVALENCE OF FATTY PANCREAS AMONG PATIENTS WITH NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE IN SULAIMANI
Authors: Mahmood Kawa 
Published: July 2017

Background
Fatty pancreas results from excessive ectopic fat accumulation represents a global health problem recently.
Objectives
To determine the prevalence of fatty pancreas among non alcoholic fatty liver patients and to find out the main risk factors for fatty pancreas.
Patients and Methods
A descriptive prospective observational study conducted at Kurdistan Center for Gastroenterology and Hepatology (KCGH) in Sulaimani governorate through the period from 1st April, 2014 to 31st of April, 2015 on convenient sample of 75 non-alcoholic fatty liver patients. The data was collected by researcher through direct interview and filling of questionnaire included demographic data, weight, height, smoking, drug history, laboratory results of Gamma-Glutamyl transferase (GGT) and lipid profile and ultrasound results of pancreas.
Results
The prevalence of fatty pancreas among patients with non alcoholic fatty liver diseases was 49.3%. Fatty pancreas was significantly predominant among elderly patients (p=0.03). Significant higher levels of triglycerides (p=0.03) and GGT (p=0.02) were found among fatty pancreas patients. High density lipoproteins level was significantly lower among fatty pancreas patients (p=0.04).
Conclusion
About half of patients with non alcoholic fatty liver diseases had non alcoholic fatty pancreas;The main risk factors for fatty pancreas were elderly age, male gender, obesity and abnormal lipid profile.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VITAMIN-D DEFICIENCY AND PRE-ECLAMPSIA
Authors: Nasir Sallama 
Published: July 2017

Background
Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy-specific syndrome that affects virtually every organ system, characterized by the new onset of hypertension and proteinuria after 20th week of gestation. The exact cause of preeclampsia is not known. Recent epidemiological studies have emphasized the role of vitamin D deficiency in immunomodulation and placental development and thus, they put the emphasis on vitamin D deficiency, regarding its possible role in the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia.
Objectives
To assess the frequency of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women in the study groups and to find any relationship between vitamin D deficiency and pre-eclampsia.
Patients and Methods
A case -control study conducted at Sulaimani Maternity Teaching Hospital. A total of one hundred primigravid women with singleton pregnancy without any medical problem were included in the study, fifty women with pre-eclampsia (the study group) and the other fifty women with healthy pregnancy without preeclampsia (the control group). Serum vitamin D level estimation was done for all women in the study and comparison done between the two groups. Vitamin D level < 20 ng/ml. were considered insufficient, while level < 10 ng/ml considered significant deficiency.
Results
All women who participated in the study had vitamin D level below normal (< 20 ng/ml). With the majority of women in both groups have significant deficiency (level <10ng/ml) which was 45 (90%) women in the study group compared to 40 (80 %) women in the control group with a P- value = 0.6. The mean vitamin D level was not statistically different between the pre-eclampsia group and healthy women (5.87± 3.37 versus 6.5± 3.67) with P- value =0.25.
Conclusion
Vitamin D deficiency was very common among the studied women. No statistical significant association between vitamin D deficiency and pre-eclampsia was found in this study.
IDENTIFICATION OF β-GLOBIN MUTATIONS WHICH PRODUCED β-THALASSEMIA BY ARMS-PCR ASSAY AND DIRECT SEQUENCING
Authors: Salih Gaza , Hamakarim Hersh 
Published: July 2017

Background
Thalassemia is the most common recessive single gene disease in humans which is caused by inheritance of an affected allele from both parents resulting in impaired production of the globin chain.
Objectives
This study was established in order to; 1. Identify β-globin mutations, which produced β-thalassemia by ARMS-PCR assay and direct sequencing and identifying the spectrum of mutations causing β-thal in the KRG. Also to investigate the usefulness of the PCR-ARMS technique followed by DNA sequencing as diagnostic tools that could be applied for carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis; 2. Establishment and present a feasible protocol for molecular diagnosis of β-thalassemia in KRG region.
Methods
Screening for β- thalassemia mutations using PCR-ARMS for frequent mutations in the KRG population followed by DNA sequencing of the unknown alleles could be useful for the implementation of a strategy for carrier detection and preimplantation genetic diagnosis in high risk families.
Results
A total of thirty β-thalassemia patients including 16 males (53.33%) and 14 females (46.66%) were examined by PCR assay using specific primers for each of mutations. The results indicate that these mutations detected in this study were also detected in surrounding countries which occurred with varying frequency.
Conclusion
These results are in line with studies in other parts of the world which have shown that gene flow due to population migration is common. Rapid, accurate genotyping methodologies for specific, causative mutations of the β-globin gene are needed for pre- and postnatal screening and diagnosis of this disease in different ethnic populations.