bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of [14C]sesamin in rats
Authors: Tomimori Namino , Rogi Tomohiro , Shibata Hiroshi 
Published: December 2016

ScopeSesamin is a major lignan in sesame seeds and has various physiological effects. Although metabolism of sesamin by cytochrome P450 or intestinal microflora has been reported, little is known concerning the mass balance, pharmacokinetics, and tissue distribution of sesamin.Methods and resultsAbsorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of [14C]sesamin were investigated after a single oral dose of 5 mg/kg in rats. Sesamin was absorbed with peak plasma radioactivity at 1.0 h and declined with a terminal half‐life 4.7 h. The cumulative excretion of radioactivity was 37.5 ± 3.1% in urine and 58.7 ± 4.8% in feces. In bile duct‐cannulated rats, the cumulative excretion of radioactivity was 66.3 ± 8.4% in bile and 27.8 ± 10.2% in urine. Tissue distribution was investigated using quantitative whole‐body autoradiography. Radioactivity was widely distributed over the whole body and was highly detected in the liver and kidney. The metabolites profile was examined using radiochromatography. Sesamin was mainly distributed in the form of conjugate metabolites.ConclusionsSesamin was absorbed efficiently and distributed over the whole body. In particular, sesamin was highly distributed in the form of the metabolites in the liver and kidney. The results of this study are useful in elucidating the action mechanism of sesamin.
A longitudinal four‐dimensional computed tomography and cone beam computed tomography dataset for image‐guided radiation therapy research in lung cancer
Authors: Hugo Geoffrey D. , Weiss Elisabeth , Sleeman William C. , Balik Salim , Keall Paul J. , Lu Jun , Williamson Jeffrey F. 
Published: December 2016

PurposeTo describe in detail a dataset consisting of serial four‐dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) and 4D cone beam CT (4DCBCT) images acquired during chemoradiotherapy of 20 locally advanced, nonsmall cell lung cancer patients we have collected at our institution and shared publicly with the research community.Acquisition and validation methodsAs part of an NCI‐sponsored research study 82 4DCT and 507 4DCBCT images were acquired in a population of 20 locally advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy. All subjects underwent concurrent radiochemotherapy to a total dose of 59.4–70.2 Gy using daily 1.8 or 2 Gy fractions. Audio‐visual biofeedback was used to minimize breathing irregularity during all fractions, including acquisition of all 4DCT and 4DCBCT acquisitions in all subjects. Target, organs at risk, and implanted fiducial markers were delineated by a physician in the 4DCT images. Image coordinate system origins between 4DCT and 4DCBCT were manipulated in such a way that the images can be used to simulate initial patient setup in the treatment position. 4DCT images were acquired on a 16‐slice helical CT simulator with 10 breathing phases and 3 mm slice thickness during simulation. In 13 of the 20 subjects, 4DCTs were also acquired on the same scanner weekly during therapy. Every day, 4DCBCT images were acquired on a commercial onboard CBCT scanner. An optically tracked external surrogate was synchronized with CBCT acquisition so that each CBCT projection was time stamped with the surrogate respiratory signal through in‐house software and hardware tools. Approximately 2500 projections were acquired over a period of 8–10 minutes in half‐fan mode with the half bow‐tie filter. Using the external surrogate, the CBCT projections were sorted into 10 breathing phases and reconstructed with an in‐house FDK reconstruction algorithm. Errors in respiration sorting, reconstruction, and acquisition were carefully identified and corrected.Data format and usage notes4DCT and 4DCBCT images are available in DICOM format and structures through DICOM‐RT RTSTRUCT format. All data are stored in the Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA, http://www.cancerimagingarchive.net/) as collection 4D‐Lung and are publicly available.DiscussionDue to high temporal frequency sampling, redundant (4DCT and 4DCBCT) data at similar timepoints, oversampled 4DCBCT, and fiducial markers, this dataset can support studies in image‐guided and image‐guided adaptive radiotherapy, assessment of 4D voxel trajectory variability, and development and validation of new tools for image registration and motion management.
An MRI‐compatible patient rotation system — design, construction, and first organ deformation results
Authors: Whelan Brendan , Liney Gary P. , Dowling Jason A. , Rai Robba , Holloway Lois , McGarvie Leigh , Feain Ilana , Barton Michael , Berry Megan , Wilkins Rob , Keall Paul 
Published: December 2016

PurposeConventionally in radiotherapy, a very heavy beam forming apparatus (gantry) is rotated around a patient. From a mechanical perspective, a more elegant approach is to rotate the patient within a stationary beam. Key obstacles to this approach are patient tolerance and anatomical deformation. Very little information on either aspect is available in the literature. The purpose of this work was therefore to design and test an MRI‐compatible patient rotation system such that the feasibility of a patient rotation workflow could be tested.MethodsA patient rotation system (PRS) was designed to fit inside the bore of a 3T MRI scanner (Skyra, Siemens) such that 3D images could be acquired at different rotation angles. Once constructed, a pelvic imaging study was carried out on a healthy volunteer. T2‐weighted MRI images were taken every 45° between 0° and 360°, (with 0° equivalent to supine). The prostate, bladder, and rectum were segmented using atlas‐based auto contouring. The images from each angle were registered back to the 0° image in three steps: (a) Rigid registration was based on MRI visible markers on the couch. (b) Rigid registration based on the prostate contour (equivalent to a rigid shift to the prostate). (c) Nonrigid registration. The Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and mean average surface distance (MASD) were calculated for each organ at each step.ResultsThe PRS met all design constraints and was successfully integrated with the MRI scanner. Phantom images showed minimal difference in signal or noise with or without the PRS in the MRI scanner. For the MRI images, the DSC (mean ± standard deviation) over all angles in the prostate, rectum, and bladder was 0.60 ± 0.11, 0.56 ± 0.15, and 0.76 ± 0.06 after rigid couch registration, 0.88 ± 0.03, 0.81 ± 0.08, and 0.86 ± 0.03 after rigid prostate guided registration, and 0.85 ± 0.03, 0.88 ± 0.02, 0.87 ± 0.02 after nonrigid registration.ConclusionsAn MRI‐compatible patient rotation system has been designed, constructed, and tested. A pelvic study was carried out on a healthy volunteer. Rigid registration based on the prostate contour yielded DSC overlap statistics in the prostate superior to interobserver contouring variability reported in the literature.
A novel functional variant in Wilms’ Tumor 1 (WT1) is associated with idiopathic non‐obstructive azoospermia
Authors: Xu Jin , Jiang Lile , Yu Wenzhu , Guo Haibin , Zhang Helong , Wei Duo , Liang Lingling , Feng Ke , Song Xiaobing , Liu Qi , Song Bingbing , Hao Haoying , Zhang Ying , Zhang Cuilian 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARYIdiopathic nonobstructive azoospermia (INOA) is one of the most severe forms of male infertility, yet its pathophysiology remains unclear. WT1 (Wilms’ tumor 1) regulates the polarity of Sertoli cells, thereby playing a critical, indirect role in spermatogenesis. Here, we evaluated WT1 gene variation associates with INOA by assessing its promoter and coding regions in 200 patients diagnosed with INOA and 200 proven‐fertile men. Three novel variants in the WT1 coding region were detected only in INOA patients, including two synonymous variants and one missense variant, p.Phe435Leu (p.F435L), which was predicted to be deleterious to protein function. The results of dual luciferase reporter showed that the WT1 p.F435L variant decreases transcription of COL4A1 and WNT4 promoters through a dominant‐negative effect. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that COL4A1 and WNT4 promoter is directly bound by wild‐type WT1 protein, but not the p.F435L WT1 variant. Thus, we identified a novel functional variant of WT1 functionally associated with INOA. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 84: 222–228, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A residual based sparse approximate inverse preconditioning procedure for large sparse linear systems
Authors: Jia Zhongxiao , Kang Wenjie 
Published: December 2016

SummaryWe propose a residual based sparse approximate inverse (RSAI) preconditioning procedure, for the large sparse linear system Ax=b. Different from the SParse Approximate Inverse (SPAI) algorithm proposed by Grote and Huckle (SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing, 18 (1997), pp. 838–853.), RSAI uses only the dominant other than all the information on the current residual and augments sparsity patterns adaptively during loops. In order to control the sparsity of M, we develop two practical algorithms RSAI(fix) and RSAI(tol). RSAI(fix) retains the prescribed number of large nonzero entries and adjusts their positions in each column of M among all available ones, in which the number of large entries is increased by a fixed number at each loop. In contrast, the existing indices of M by SPAI are untouched in subsequent loops and a few most profitable indices are added to each column of M from the new candidates in the next loop. RSAI(tol) is a tolerance based dropping algorithm and retains all large entries by dynamically dropping small ones below some tolerances, and it better suits for the problem where the numbers of large entries in the columns of A−1 differ greatly. When the two preconditioners M have almost the same or comparable numbers of nonzero entries, the numerical experiments on real‐world problems demonstrate that RSAI(fix) is highly competitive with SPAI and can outperform the latter for some problems. We also make comparisons of RSAI(fix), RSAI(tol), and power sparse approximate inverse(tol) proposed Jia and Zhu (Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications, 16 (2009), pp.259–299.) and incomplete LU factorization type methods and draw some general conclusions.
Evaluation of a web‐based weight loss intervention in overweight cancer survivors aged 50 years and younger
Authors: Lynch S. M. , Stricker C. T. , Brown J. C. , Berardi J. M. , Vaughn D. , Domchek S. , Filseth S. , Branas A. , Weiss‐Trainor E. , Schmitz K. H. , Sarwer D. B. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryPurposeHalf of adult cancer survivors under age 50 years are obese. Excess body weight is associated with cancer recurrence, and effective weight loss interventions for younger cancer survivors are needed. Commercially available, online weight loss programmes are readily accessible, but few have been studied in this population. This study employed a single‐arm, pre‐post intervention (baseline‐6 month/baseline‐12 month comparisons) to preliminarily explore feasibility, efficacy and safety of an online, commercially available weight loss programme in breast (n = 30) and testicular (n = 16) cancer survivors under age 50 years.MethodsThe intervention included three daily components: exercise, nutritional/behavioural modification strategies and health lessons. Intention‐to‐treat and completers analyses were conducted. Feasibility was measured by participation (number of participants enrolled/number screened), retention (number of participants attending 6/12 month study visit/number of enrolled) and self‐reported adherence rates (average of mean percent adherence to each of the three intervention components). Efficacy was assessed by changes in initial weight (percent weight loss). Safety was assessed by adverse events.ResultsThe mean participation rate was 42%. The retention rate was 59% at 6 and 49% at 12 months. The adherence rate for all participants (completers/dropouts/lost‐to‐follow‐up) was 50.1% at 6 and 44% at 12 months. Completers reported adherence rates of 68% at 12 months. Study participants lost 5.3% body weight at 12 months; completers lost 9%. Only three unexpected adverse events (unrelated to the intervention) were reported.ConclusionClinically significant weight loss was observed, although retention rates were low. Findings generally support preliminary feasibility, efficacy and safety of this online weight loss programme, and future randomized control trials should be explored.
Role of fetal MRI in the evaluation of isolated and non‐isolated corpus callosum dysgenesis: results of a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Manganaro Lucia , Bernardo Silvia , De Vito Corrado , Antonelli Amanda , Marchionni Enrica , Vinci Valeria , Saldari Matteo , Di Meglio Letizia , Giancotti Antonella , Silvestri Evelina , Catalano Carlo , Pizzuti Antonio 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPurposeThe aims of this study were to characterize isolated and non‐isolated forms of corpus callosum dysgenesis (CCD) at fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to identify early predictors of associated anomalies.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 104 fetuses with CCD undergoing MRI between 2006 and 2016. Corpus callosum, cavum septi pellucidi, biometry, presence of ventriculomegaly, gyration anomalies, cranio‐encephalic abnormalities and body malformations were evaluated. Results of genetic tests were also recorded.ResultsAt MRI, isolated CCD was 26.9%, the rest being associated to other abnormalities. In the isolated group, median gestational age at MRI was lower in complete agenesis than in hypoplasia (22 vs 28 weeks). In the group with additional findings, cortical dysplasia was the most frequently associated feature (P = 0.008), with a more frequent occurrence in complete agenesis (70%) versus other forms; mesial frontal lobes were more often involved than other cortical regions (P = 0.006), with polymicrogyria as the most frequent cortical malformation (40%). Multivariate analysis confirmed the association between complete agenesis and cortical dysplasia (odds ratio = 7.29, 95% confidence interval 1.51–35.21).ConclusionsCCD is often complicated by other intra‐cranial and extra‐cranial findings (cortical dysplasias as the most prevalent) that significantly affect the postnatal prognosis. The present study showed CCD with associated anomalies as more frequent than isolated (73.1%). In isolated forms, severe ventriculomegaly was a reliable herald of future appearance of associated features. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring characteristics, predictors, and consequences of fear of cancer recurrence among Asian‐American breast cancer survivors
Authors: Ashing Kimlin Tam , Cho Dalnim , Lai Lily , Yeung Sophia , Young Lucy , Yeon Christina , Fong Yuman 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundTo address the fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) research gap, we used prospective data to explore FCR predictors and FCR associations with health‐related quality of life among Asian‐American breast cancer survivors (BCS).MethodsA total of 208 diverse Asian‐American BCS completed T1 survey, and 137 completed T2 survey after 1 year.ResultsFear of cancer recurrence scores (range = 0‐4) were 2.01 at T1 and 1.99 at T2 reflecting low‐to‐moderate FCR. Scores of FCR were stable over the 1‐year period (t(126) = .144, P = .886). Multiple regression analyses showed that Chinese women reported lower FCR both at T1 (t(193) = −2.92, P = .004) and T2 (t(128) = −2.56, P = .012) compared to other Asian women. Also, more positive health care experience at T1 predicted lower FCR at T2 (β = −.18, P = .041). Controlling for other covariates, greater FCR at T1 predicted poorer outcomes 1 year later including lower physical (β = −.31, P < .001), emotional (β = −.37, P < .001) and functional (β = −.16, P = .044) well‐being and health‐related quality of life specific to breast cancer at T2 (β = −.31, P < .001).ConclusionsWe found substantial consistencies and some divergences between our findings with Asian‐American BCS and the existing literature. This prospective investigation reveals new information suggesting that Asian‐American subgroup variation exists and health care system factors may influence FCR. Thus, FCR studies should consider Asian subgroupings, cultural aspects, ie, level of acculturation and health care system factors including provider‐patient communication and treatment setting. Future research may benefit from contextualizing FCR within a broader distress framework to advance the science and practice of patient‐centered and whole‐person care.
In–situ Characterization and Cure Kinetics in NEPE Propellant/ HTPB Liner Interface by Microscopic FT‐IR
Authors: Gui Dayong , Zong Yangyang , Ding Sheng , Li Cuihua , Zhang Qianling , Wang Mingliang , Liu Jianhong , Chi Xuhui , Ma Xingang , Pang Aimin 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe content distribution of chemical groups and the kinetics of curing process in the micro‐region interfaces of nitrate ester plasticized polyether (NEPE) based propellant/hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) based liner were studied by in‐situ diffuse reflection FT‐IR spectroscopy. During the curing process, the content of –NCO groups showed little increase in the liner region toward the interface. It rises quickly through the interface layer and is then stable in the region of the propellant layer, while the content of –NH groups gradually increases from liner to propellant. In the micro‐region between liner and propellant, the –C=O decreases rapidly through interface and then has a slight increase in the propellant region. Migration of nitrate esters appears at the interface of the NEPE propellant/liner at early period of curing, and –O–NO2 decreases from propellant to liner in the bonding interface micro‐region. A study of curing kinetics indicates that the second‐order reaction model can describe the curing reaction in the bonding interface at the early stage of curing process. The order of apparent curing reaction rate constant (k) of liner (L point), intermediate point (I point) and propellant (P point) in the interface micron‐region is kL > kI > kP at the same curing temperature. The apparent reaction activation energy (Ea) at L, I, and P points are 39.96, 81.49, and 62.51 kJ mol–1, respectively, based on the Arrhenius equation.
Impact of glyphosate‐resistant sugar beet
Authors: Morishita Don W 
Published: December 2016

AbstractGlyphosate‐resistant (GR) sugar beet became commercially available to US sugar beet growers in 2008 and was rapidly adopted. Prior to the availability of GR sugar beet, growers would commonly make 3–5 herbicide applications. This often resulted in some crop injury, but was accepted to reduce the impact of weeds. In addition, non‐GR sugar beet was cultivated 1–3 times and often followed by hand weeding. The introduction of GR sugar beet drastically reduced the complexity of weed management. Concerns about GR weeds in the United States also apply to sugar beet growers. Changes in weed management strategies will be required to keep this technology. Sugar beet is arguably one of the most suitable crops for GR technology because: (1) none of the herbicides registered for use in this crop was very effective without risking crop injury; (2) sugar beet cannot be grown in the same field year after year owing to disease concerns and thus requires a 3–4 year rotation; (3) pollen‐mediated gene flow is negligible from the sugar beet crop because it is a biennial and harvested before it flowers; (4) the processing of harvested roots to extract the sucrose rapidly degrades the DNA in the extracted raw juice and subsequent refining so that no DNA is present in the finished sugar; (5) studies have shown that processed GR beet sugar is identical to non‐GR beet sugar, as well as cane sugar. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
One‐Pot Synthesis of [111]‐/{010} Facets Coexisting Anatase Nanocrystals with Enhanced Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cell Performance
Authors: Du Yi‐en , Bai Yang , Liu Yufang , Guo Yanqing , Cai Xuemei , Feng Qi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA facile one‐pot hydrothermal synthesis cuboid/rhombic coexisting anatase nanocrystals with a large percentage of [111]‐/{010} facets were reported through using tetratitanate nanoribbons as a precursor. The nanostructures and the formation reaction mechanism of the obtained anatase TiO2 nanocrystals from the layered tetratitanate nanoribbons were investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The transformation from the layered phase into the anatase TiO2 may experience two types of reaction during the hydrothermal reaction, including the in situ topotactic dehydration reaction and the dissolution‐deposition reaction. And the adsorption behavior of N719 Dye on TiO2 surface was studied. Furthermore, the dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC) performance of the synthesized [111]‐/{010}‐faceted anatase nanocrystals was also characterized, which showed a superior photovoltaic performance, compared to the commercial P25 TiO2 nanocrystals.
Management of symptomatic caliceal diverticular calculi: Minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy versus flexible ureterorenoscopy
Authors: Ding Xiang , Xu Song‐Tao , Huang Yu‐Hua , Wei Xue‐Dong , Zhang Jiang‐Lei , Wang Liang‐Liang , Pu Jin‐Xian , Hou Jian‐Quan , Yan Chun‐Yin , Cui Feng‐Mei 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo retrospectively evaluate appropriate treatment for patients with symptomatic caliceal diverticular calculi, by comparing the therapeutic outcomes for those undergoing minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL) and flexible ureterorenoscopy (F‐URS).MethodsFrom March 2009 to May 2014, 36 consecutive patients with caliceal diverticular calculi were divided into 2 groups: 21 patients underwent MPCNL, and 15 were treated by F‐URS. All procedures were performed by one surgical group, which ensured relatively constant parameters. Patient characteristics, operative time, hospital stay after surgery, stone‐free rate, symptomatic improvement rate, complications, diverticular obliteration, and stone composition were analyzed retrospectively in the 2 groups.ResultsPatient preoperative variables were comparable between the two groups, with no significant difference (P > 0.05). Mean operative time was 136.9 ± 22.8 min in the MPCNL group and 117.3 ± 24.3 min in the F‐URS group (P = 0.019). Hospital stay was significantly longer in the MPCNL group than in the F‐URS group (9.4 ± 3.1 vs. 6.9 ± 2.1 days, P = 0.010). The stone‐free rates after MPCNL and F‐URS were 90.5% (19/21) and 60.0% (9/15), respectively (P = 0.046). Additionally, 71.4% (15/21) of patients in the MPCNL group and 46.7% (7/15) of patients in the F‐URS group had symptomatic improvement at the 6‐month follow‐up (P = 0.175); the rates of complications in the 2 groups were 19.0% (4/21) and 13.3% (2/15), respectively (P = 0.650). Complete diverticular obliteration was achieved in 16 (76.2%) cases in the MPCNL group and 5 (33.3%) cases in the F‐URS group (P = 0.017). The distributions of calcium oxalate and hydroxyapatite in the stones were 66.7% (14/21) and 33.3% (7/21), respectively, in the MPCNL group; however, the distributions in the F‐URS group were 46.7% (7/15) and 53.3% (8/15), respectively (P = 0.310).ConclusionMPCNL is an effective method for the treatment of caliceal diverticular calculi. However, F‐URS is an alternative technique in selected patients with a patent infundibulum, despite lower stone‐free rates than with MPCNL. Fulguration of the diverticular lining with a high‐power holmium laser and permitting the cavity to collapse are useful to increase the chance of diverticular obliteration.