bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of life related variables measured for three multifocal diffractive intraocular lenses: a prospective randomised clinical trial
Authors: Alió Jorge L , Kaymak Hakan , Breyer Detlef , Cochener Beatrice , Plaza‐Puche Ana B 
Published: October 2017

AbstractImportanceQuality of vision after multifocal intraocular lens (IOLs) implantation in relation to patient satisfaction. It is important to include the evaluation of visual quality and patient satisfaction in clinical practice.BackgroundTo evaluate and compare quality of life and patient satisfaction after implantation of three types of diffractive–refractive and apodized‐diffractive bifocal and trifocal multifocal IOLs.DesignComparative, prospective, case series and randomized.ParticipantsHundred and four eyes of 52 patients.MethodsThree multifocal IOLs: AT LISA 809 M (Carl Zeiss Meditec) (AT LISA group, 38 eyes), AT LISAtri 839MP (Carl Zeiss Meditec) (AT LISAtri group, 32 eyes), and ReSTOR SN6AD1 (Alcon) (ReSTOR group, 34 eyes) were implanted after cataract surgery.Main Outcome MeasuresContrast sensitivity, photopic phenomena, patient satisfaction and quality of life criteria were evaluated.ResultsPatient of ≥ 88% were satisfied with near and intermediate visual outcomes. Better distance‐corrected intermediate visual acuity at 90 cm was detected for AT LISA tri group (P < 0.04). No statistically significant differences were found among groups in postoperative contrast sensitivity (P ≥ 0.053). There were no significant differences in spectacle dependence scores among the groups (P ≥ 0.180). The addition of an intermediate focus did not statistically affect halo and glare size and intensity (P ≥ 0.256) or subjective impact (P ≥ 0.077). Patient satisfaction was consistently high for all groups (P ≥ 0.154).Conclusions and RelevanceContrast sensitivity outcomes and patient satisfaction remained high in the trifocal group when compared to the bifocal IOL groups.
RD Lawrence Lecture 2017 Incretins: the intelligent hormones in diabetes
Authors: Gault V. A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe incretin hormones glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) have attracted considerable scientific and clinical interest due largely to their insulin‐releasing and glucose‐lowering properties. Indeed, GLP‐1‐based therapies are now key treatment options for many people with diabetes worldwide. In contrast, GIP‐based agents have yet to reach the clinic based primarily on the impaired insulinotropic action of GIP observed in people with diabetes. Nevertheless, GIP is a key physiological regulator of insulin secretion and stable forms of GIP show much promise in rodent models to alleviate diabetes–obesity. Recent studies suggest that GIP may have an important role to play in a combination therapeutic approach or bioengineered with other gut peptides. Moreover, recent experimental studies indicate that incretins also exert pleiotropic effects in regions of the brain associated with learning and memory, thereby supporting preclinical data demonstrating that incretin‐based drugs improve cognitive function. This review article, based on the RD Lawrence Lecture presented at Diabetes UK Annual Professional Conference (2017), provides a brief overview of incretins with a major focus on GIP, the development of designer GIP analogues, and how these molecules can improve cognition. Thus, incretins can be considered as ‘the intelligent hormones’ and may hold the key to successfully treating the alarming rise in neurodegenerative disorders.
Screening for host responses in Acacia to a canker and wilt pathogen, Ceratocystis manginecans
Authors: Trang T. T. , Eyles A. , Davies N. , Glen M. , Ratkowsky D. , Mohammed C. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryIn Vietnam, the productivity of Acacia hybrid (Acacia mangium x A. auriculiformis) plantations is being threatened by an aggressive canker pathogen, Ceratocystis manginecans, and selection for tolerance is the main control strategy. A pot trial was established in Binh Duong province to screen for the host response of nine Acacia genotypes (six Acacia hybrid clones, two A. auriculiformis clones and mixed provenance seedlings of A. mangium) to artificial inoculation with three isolates of C. manginecans. Lesion lengths as measured on the inner bark suggested that the two A. auriculiformis clones were relatively more tolerant to C. manginecans than the A. mangium genotype. In contrast, the lesion lengths of all six Acacia hybrid clones fell between the A. auriculiformis and A. mangium genotypes. The results of this study indicate that among the Acacia hybrid clones, BV10 showed the most tolerance to C. manginecans. Chemical analysis of crude sapwood extracts sampled from the lesion provided some evidence that induced phenolic compounds, particularly tetrahydroxyflavanone and condensed tannins may have a defensive role in the Acacia—C. manginecans pathosystem. However, results were not consistent across individual Acacia hybrid clones and A. mangium genotypes.
Behavioural response evoked by conspecific distress calls in two neotropical treefrogs
Authors: Forti Lucas Rodriguez , Forti Anna Bárbara Bella Sanches , Márquez Rafael , Toledo Luís Felipe 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAnurans emit distress calls when attacked by predators as a defensive mechanism. As distress calls may trigger antipredator behaviour even in individuals that are not under attack, we tested whether this defensive behaviour induced behavioural changes in neighbouring conspecifics. We compared the behavioural responses of two species of Neotropical hylid frogs (genus Boana) to conspecific distress calls and white noise. Individuals of both species interrupted their vocal activity and decreased call rate after hearing the distress call. Natural variation on signal intensity calibrated among the nearest neighbours did not influence the response and we did not observe negative phonotaxis after any acoustic stimulus. Despite the fact that many predators are acoustically oriented, we could not determine if such response (reduced call rate) was induced by risk assessment or by the masking effect on advertisement calls. Boana faber responded similarly to white noise and distress calls, while B. bischoffi responded more intensely to distress calls. Duration of silence after playbacks in B. faber was longer than B. bischoffi. We suggest that, if the signals are interpreted as a risk cue by neighbouring conspecifics, each species may be preyed upon by different predators, as they may have led to distinct defensive strategies and different responses to distress calls. If risk assessment information is included in distress calls, it triggers behavioural responses only in the nearest neighbours, as we did not observe responses on the vocal activity of the interspecific chorus. Our results add relevant data about acoustic communication and interpretations by anurans, highlighting the importance of considering cues within common and widespread signals.
Psychological effects of Helicobacter pylori‐associated atrophic gastritis in patients under 50 years: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Takeoka Atsushi , Tayama Jun , Kobayashi Masakazu , Sagara Ikuko , Ogawa Sayaka , Saigo Tatsuo , Hayashida Masaki , Yamasaki Hironori , Fukudo Shin , Shirabe Susumu 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundWhile gastrointestinal function is known to be closely related to psychological status, the influence of Helicobacter pylori‐associated atrophic gastritis is currently unknown. We aimed to determine whether atrophic gastritis status or H. pylori infection is associated with psychological distress or depressed mood.Materials and MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional, observational study involving 975 Japanese individuals (503 females; mean age, 44 ± 8 years) who underwent a health checkup. Psychological distress was defined as a Kessler‐6 Scale score ≥13 and depressive mood as a Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale score ≥ 16. The odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals assessing the risk of psychological distress or depressive mood associated with H. pylori infection (H. pylori‐specific immunoglobulin G levels >10 U/mL) and atrophic gastritis status (pepsinogen I levels < 70 μg/L and pepsinogen I/II ratio < 3) were calculated using multiple logistic analysis adjusting for several covariates.ResultsIndividuals with atrophic gastritis had a significantly higher risk of experiencing psychological distress, with younger females (<50 years) displaying the highest risk for psychological distress and depressive mood regardless of H. pylori infection status. Among females aged <50 years, H. pylori‐seropositive participants with atrophic gastritis (HP+AG+) showed the highest risk of psychological distress (OR, 16.4; 95% CI, 3.45‐94.9) and depression (OR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.31‐6.05), using HP−AG− status as the reference.ConclusionsOur findings support the results of previous animal studies regarding the psychological response to gastritis in humans. Further studies are needed to elucidate whether H. pylori eradication provides psychological benefits.
Impact of chloride (NaCl, KCl) and sulphate (Na2SO4, K2SO4) salinity on glucosinolate metabolism in Brassica rapa
Authors: Aghajanzadeh T. A. , Reich M. , Kopriva S. , De Kok L. J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSeedlings of Brassica rapa were exposed to increasing concentrations of NaCl, Na2SO4, KCl and K2SO4 to study the effect on glucosinolate content, composition and expression of genes of the glucosinolate biosynthetic pathway and associated transcription factors. Growth was inhibited stronger by sulphate salts and strongest by Na2SO4. Aliphatic, indolic and aromatic glucosinolates were differently affected by the salts in shoot and roots. A decrease in aliphatic glucosinolates in shoots of plants exposed to chloride salts corresponded to a decreased gene expression of a key enzyme for their biosynthesis. Likewise, an increased level of indolic and aromatic glucosinolates by Na2SO4 coincided with an increased gene expression of enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of these glucosinolates. The results show that changes in glucosinolate content and composition under salt stress depend on the ionic composition of the salts. This has implications for the quality of B. rapa grown under different types of salinity.
A pilot intervention to reduce postpartum weight retention and central adiposity in first‐time mothers: results from the mums OnLiNE (Online, Lifestyle, Nutrition & Exercise) study
Authors: van der Pligt P. , Ball K. , Hesketh K. D. , Teychenne M. , Crawford D. , Morgan P. J. , Collins C. E. , Campbell K. J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundPostpartum weight retention (PPWR) increases the risk for obesity and complications during subsequent pregnancies. Few interventions have been successful in limiting PPWR in mothers. The present study assessed the effectiveness of the mums OnLiNE (Online, Lifestyle, Nutrition & Exercise) intervention with respect to reducing PPWR and improving diet, physical activity and sedentary behaviour.MethodsA subsample of first‐time mothers enrolled in the Extended Melbourne Infant Feeding Activity and Nutrition Trial (InFANT Extend) completed the nonrandomised mums OnLiNE intervention. Women in the intervention (I) group (n = 28) received access to an online calorie tracking program, smartphone app, three telephone counselling calls with a dietitian and written material. Women in two comparison groups (CI and C2) (n = 48; n = 43) were from the control (C1) and intervention (C2) arms of InFANT Extend and received no additional support. Weight and waist circumference were measured objectively. Written surveys assessed diet and physical activity. Sedentary behaviour was self‐reported. Linear and logistic regression assessed changes in outcomes between groups from 9 to 18 months postpartum.ResultsMean PPWR decreased in the (I) group (−1.2 kg) and the C2 group (−1.2 kg), although the changes were not significant. Mean waist circumference for all groups exceeded recommendations at baseline but decreased to below recommendations for women in the (I) group (78.3 cm) and significantly for the (I) group (−6.4 cm) compared to C1 (−1.1 cm; P = 0.002) and C2 (−3.3 cm; P = 0.001). Changes in diet, physical activity or sedentary behaviour were not significant.ConclusionsThe online intervention reported in the present study shows promise with respect to reducing waist circumference in postpartum women. Further evidence of strategies that may improve weight and related behaviours in this target group is needed.
Disordered eating and obesity: associations between binge‐eating disorder, night‐eating syndrome, and weight‐related comorbidities
Authors: McCuen‐Wurst Courtney , Ruggieri Madelyn , Allison Kelly C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBinge‐eating disorder (BED) and night‐eating syndrome (NES) are two forms of disordered eating associated with overweight and obesity. While these disorders also occur in nonobese persons, they seem to be associated with weight gain over time and higher risk of diabetes and other metabolic dysfunction. BED and NES are also associated with higher risk of psychopathology, including mood, anxiety, and sleep problems, than those of similar weight status without disordered eating. Treatments are available, including cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), interpersonal psychotherapy, lisdexamfetamine, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for BED; and CBT, SSRIs, progressive muscle relaxation, and bright light therapy for NES.
Gene expression trade‐offs between defence and growth inEnglish elm induced byOphiostoma novo‐ulmi
Authors: Perdiguero Pedro , Sobrino‐Plata Juan , Venturas Martin , Martín Juan Antonio , Gil Luis , Collada Carmen 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWilt diseases caused by vascular pathogens include some of the most damaging stresses affecting trees. Dutch elm disease (DED), caused by the fungusOphiostoma novo‐ulmi, destroyed most of North American and European elm populations in the 20th century. The highly susceptible English elm, also known as Atinian clone, suffered the highest mortality rates during the last pandemic event, probably due to its lack of genetic diversity. To study the DED pathosystem, we inoculated English elm ramets withO. novo‐ulmiand evaluated xylem anatomy, molecular response, and disease symptoms. The high DED susceptibility of the clone was linked to xylem structure. The transcript levels changed significantly for 1,696 genes duringO. novo‐ulmiinvasion. Genes covering different steps of the plant immune system were identified, many of which showed homology withArabidopsis thalianagenes involved in systemic acquired resistance. Induction of several pathogenesis‐related proteins and repression of fasciclin‐like arabinogalactan proteins and other cell wall biosynthesis pathways evidence unbalanced costs between growth and defence mechanisms far from the inoculation point. This study sheds light on elm molecular defence mechanisms against DED.
Variability index of tacrolimus serum levels in pediatric liver transplant recipients younger than 12 years: Non‐adherence or risk of non‐adherence?
Authors: de Oliveira Janete Teresinha Pires , Kieling Carlos Oscar , da Silva Anaís Back , Stefani Joel , Witkowski Maria Carolina , Smidt Camila Ribas , Mariano da Rocha Carolina R , Hirakata Vania Naomi , Grossini Maria da Graça , Zanotelli Maria Lúcia , Gonçalves Vieira Sandra Maria 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMLVI has been used to assess adherence. To determine the MLVI in children <12 years of age at transplantation and to identify demographic correlates and consequences for the graft. This is a retrospective study of 50 outpatients (4.0 ± 3.5 years), at least 13‐month post‐liver transplantation. The outcomes evaluated were MLVI, ALT > 60 IU/L, ACR, death, and graft loss. We analyzed demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, indication for transplantation, and type of donor. Student's t test and the chi‐square test were used. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ .05. Seventy‐two percent were infants or preschoolers, 62% biliary atresia. Seventy‐four percent of the mothers had middle‐school education, and 54% of the families had an income ≤3632.4 US$/y. Twenty‐two (44%) patients had a MLVI ≥ 2 SD; this was more prevalent in families with higher incomes (P = .045). ALT levels > 60 IU/L were more common in MLVI ≥ 2 SD group (P = .035). ACR episodes were similar between groups (P = 1.000). No patient died or lost the graft. MLVI ≥ 2 SD may be an indicator of the risk of medication non‐adherence.
Donor fainting: risks factors and prevention strategies
Authors: Tiberghien P. , Morand C. , Gross S. , Bosson J.‐L. , Fillet A.‐M. 
Published: October 2017

Identifying risk factors as well implementing preventive strategies with regard to fainting or prefainting reactions associated with whole blood donation are important issues for donor safety and retention. To assess fainting risk factors, two retrospective case–control studies of severe immediate and delayed fainting reactions were performed based on the French hemovigilance data collected from 2011 to 2013 and involving close to 9 000 000 donors. In a multivariate analysis, immediate fainting was strongly associated with first‐time donation and young donor age, while delayed fainting was associated with a female gender. Apheresis was a risk factor for occurrence of both immediate and delayed fainting when compared to whole blood donation. To identify and quantify means to reduce immediate and/or delayed fainting risk, we performed a randomized prospective trial in 4576 whole blood donors assessing three different hydration strategies immediately before donation: 500 ml of an isotonic drink versus 500 ml of water and an advice to drink (control arm) immediately before donation, with or without applied muscle tension during donation. Overall, faintness occurred in 5·5% of donations. Compared to the control arm, drinking plain water or an isotonic drink significantly reduced overall faintness occurrence, independently of muscle tension. Furthermore, muscle tension reduced faintness during the donation while an isotonic drink reduced delayed off‐site faintness as well as tiredness. Such findings are in line with suggested mechanisms regarding fainting occurrence. Implementing these preventive approaches should reduce the frequency of overall unacceptable side‐effects of blood donation: faintness and tiredness.
Altered NMDA receptor‐evoked intracellular Ca2+ dynamics in magnocellular neurosecretory neurons of hypertensive rats
Authors: Zhang Meng , Stern Javier E. 
Published: October 2017

Key points
NMDA receptor (NMDAR)‐mediated Ca2+ signalling plays a critical role in modulating hypothalamic neurosecretory function. However, whether an altered NMDAR‐evoked changes in Ca2+ (NMDAR‐ΔCa2+) signalling in magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) may contribute to neurohumoral activation during disease states is unknown.
We show that activation of NMDARs evoked similar inward currents in MNCs of sham and renovascular hypertensive (RVH) rats. Despite this, a prolonged and larger NMDAR‐ΔCa2+ response was observed in the latter.
The exacerbated NMDAR‐ΔCa2+ responses in MNCs of RVH rats affected both somatic and dendritic compartments.
Inhibition of the endoplasmic reticulum sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium trasport ATPase (SERCA) pump prolonged NMDAR‐ΔCa2+ responses in sham rats, but not in RVH rats.
Our study supports an altered spatiotemporal dynamic of NMDAR‐ΔCa2+ signalling in MNCs from RVH rats, partly due to blunted endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ buffering capacity.
AbstractA growing body of evidence supports an elevated NMDA receptor (NMDAR)‐mediated glutamate excitatory function in the supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus of hypertensive rats that contributes to neurohumoral activation in this disease. However, the precise mechanisms underlying altered NMDAR signalling in hypertension remain to be elucidated. In this study, we performed simultaneous electrophysiology and fast confocal Ca2+ imaging to determine whether altered NMDAR‐mediated changes in intracellular Ca2+ levels (NMDAR‐ΔCa2+) occurred in hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) in renovascular hypertensive (RVH) rats. We found that despite evoking a similar excitatory inward current, activation of NMDARs resulted in a larger and prolonged ΔCa2+ in MNCs from RVH rats. Changes in NMDAR‐ΔCa2+ dynamics were observed both in somatic and dendritic compartments. Inhibition of the sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium trasport ATPase (SERCA) pump activity with thapsigargin prolonged NMDAR‐ΔCa2+ responses in MNCs of sham rats, but this effect was occluded in RVH rats, thus equalizing the magnitude and time course of the NMDA‐ΔCa2+ responses between the two experimental groups. Taken together, our results support (1) an exacerbated NMDAR‐ΔCa2+ response in somatodendritic compartments of MNCs of RVH rats, and (2) that a blunted ER Ca2+ buffering capacity contributes to the altered NMDAR‐ΔCa2+ dynamics in this condition. Thus, altered spatiotemporal dynamics of the NMDAR‐ΔCa2+ response stands as an underlying mechanism contributing to neurohumoral activation in neurogenic hypertension.
Influence of 2-Weeks Ingestion of High Chlorogenic Acid Coffee on Mood State, Performance, and Postexercise Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Nieman David C. , Goodman Courtney L. , Capps Christopher R. , Shue Zack L. , Arnot Robert 
Published: October 2017

This study measured the influence of 2-weeks ingestion of high chlorogenic acid (CQA) coffee on postexercise inflammation and oxidative stress, with secondary outcomes including performance and mood state. Cyclists (N = 15) were randomized to CQA coffee or placebo (300 ml/day) for 2 weeks, participated in a 50-km cycling time trial, and then crossed over to the opposite condition with a 2-week washout period. Blood samples were collected pre- and postsupplementation, and immediately postexercise. CQA coffee was prepared using the Turkish method with 30 g lightly roasted, highly ground Hambela coffee beans in 300 ml boiling water, and provided 1,066 mg CQA and 474 mg caffeine versus 187 mg CQA and 33 mg caffeine for placebo. Plasma caffeine was higher with CQA coffee versus placebo after 2-weeks (3.3-fold) and postexercise (21.0-fold) (interaction effect, p < .001). Higher ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) levels were measured after exercise with CQA coffee versus placebo (p = .01). No differences between CQA coffee and placebo were found for postexercise increases in plasma IL-6 (p = .74) and hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids (9 + 13 HODEs) (p = .99). Total mood disturbance (TMD) scores were lower with CQA coffee versus placebo (p = .04). 50-km cycling time performance and power did not differ between trials, with heart rate and ventilation higher with CQA coffee, especially after 30 min. In summary, despite more favorable TMD scores with CQA coffee, these data do not support the chronic use of coffee highly concentrated with chlorogenic acids and caffeine in mitigating postexercise inflammation or oxidative stress or improving 50-km cycling performance.