bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gaze behaviors during free viewing revealed differences in visual salience processing across four major psychiatric disorders: a mega-analysis study of 1012 individuals
Authors: Miura Kenichiro , Yoshida Masatoshi , Morita Kentaro , Fujimoto Michiko , Yasuda Yuka , Yamamori Hidenaga , Takahashi Junichi , Miyata Seiko , Okazaki Kosuke , Matsumoto Junya , Toyomaki Atsuto , Makinodan Manabu , Hashimoto Naoki , Onitsuka Toshiaki , Kasai Kiyoto , Ozaki Norio , Hashimoto Ryota 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAberrant salience processing has been proposed as a pathophysiological mechanism underlying psychiatric symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. The gaze trajectories of individuals with schizophrenia have been reported to be abnormal when viewing an image, suggesting anomalous visual salience as one possible pathophysiological mechanism associated with psychiatric diseases. This study was designed to determine whether visual salience is affected in individuals with schizophrenia, and whether this abnormality is unique to patients with schizophrenia. We examined the gaze behaviors of 1012 participants recruited from seven institutes (550 healthy individuals and 238, 41, 50 and 133 individuals with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder and autism spectrum disorder, respectively) when they looked at stationary images as they liked, i.e., free-viewing condition. We used an established computational model of salience maps derived from low-level visual features to measure the degree to which the gaze trajectories of individuals were guided by visual salience. The analysis revealed that the saliency at the gaze of individuals with schizophrenia were higher than healthy individuals, suggesting that patients’ gazes were guided more by low-level image salience. Among the low-level image features, orientation salience was most affected. Furthermore, a general linear model analysis of the data for the four psychiatric disorders revealed a significant effect of disease. This abnormal salience processing depended on the disease and was strongest in patients with schizophrenia, followed by patients with bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and autism spectrum disorder, suggesting a link between abnormalities in salience processing and strength/frequency for psychosis of these disorders.
The scanning CONfoCal Ophthalmoscopy foR DIAbetic eye screening (CONCORDIA) study paper 2
Authors: Scanlon Peter H. , Gruszka-Goh Marta , Javed Ushna , Vukic Anthony , Hapeshi Julie , Chave Steve , Galsworthy Paul , Vallance Scott , Aldington Stephen J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To determine if the Eidon white light 60-degree field Scanning Confocal Ophthalmoscope (SCO) camera was safe to use with staged mydriasis in a Diabetic Eye Screening Programme (DESP).

Methods
The trial participants were recruited from people with diabetes attending appointments in DESP or Virtual Eye clinics for post-Covid delayed hospital appointments. Using staged mydriasis, the SCO images were taken before the pupils were dilated and compared to two-field 45 degrees mydriatic digital photography (the reference standard). Mydriatic SCO images were only compared to the reference standard if the non-mydriatic SCO images were unassessable.

Results
1050 patients were recruited, 35 individuals were withdrawn, the majority (18) due to an imaging protocol deviation leaving 1015 individuals (2029 eyes). Using staged mydriasis, the sensitivity and specificity for any retinopathy was 97.5% (95% CI: 96.4–98.4%) and 82.3% (95% CI: 79.6–84.7%) respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for referable retinopathy was 92.7% (95% CI: 89.9–94.9%) and 85.4% (95% CI: 83.6–87.2%) respectively. The total number of eyes that were unassessable with the Eidon without mydriasis was 85/2029 (4.2%), and after mydriasis was 34/2029 (1.7%) and, with the reference standard, 34/2029 (1.7% - not always the same images) were unassessable.

Conclusions
This study provides promising early results of the performance of the Eidon camera using staged mydriasis in a DESP which needs further evidence from a non-Caucasian population and from cost-effectiveness analyses.
Real-world six-month outcomes in patients switched to faricimab following partial response to anti-VEGF therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular oedema
Authors: Borchert Grace A. , Kiire Christine A. , Stone Niamh M. , Akil Handan , Gkika Theodora , Fischer M. Dominik , Xue Kanmin , Cehajic-Kapetanovic Jasmina , MacLaren Robert E. , Charbel Issa Peter , Downes Susan M. , De Silva Samantha R. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Landmark studies reported on faricimab efficacy and safety predominantly in treatment naïve patients, but outcomes following switch from other anti-VEGF therapies are lacking. We evaluated patients switched to faricimab who had previously shown a partial response to other anti-VEGF injections for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and diabetic macular oedema (DMO).

Methods
Retrospective study at the Oxford Eye Hospital. Patients switched to faricimab from January to April 2023 with six months follow-up were identified via electronic medical records.

Results
A total of 116 patients (151 eyes) were included. In 88 patients with nAMD (107 eyes), mean visual acuity remained stable: 62±17 ETDRS letters at baseline; 62±18 at six months (p > 0.05). Central subfield thickness (CST) reduced from 294 ± 73 μm to 270 ± 53 μm (p < 0.05) at six months. Subretinal or intraretinal fluid was present in 102 eyes (95%) at baseline and 75 eyes (70%) at follow-up (p < 0.05). Pigment epithelial detachment height decreased from 233 ± 134 μm to 188 ± 147 μm (p < 0.05). Mean treatment interval increased by 1.7 weeks (p < 0.05) and was extended in 61 eyes (57%) at six months. In 28 patients with DMO (44 eyes), visual acuity remained stable: 69 ± 15 letters at baseline; 70±15 at six months (p > 0.05). CST reduced from 355 ± 87 μm to 317 ± 82 μm (p < 0.05). Mean treatment interval increased by 1.4 weeks (p < 0.05) and was extended in 21 eyes (46%) by six months.

Conclusions
Switching to faricimab in treatment resistant eyes led to improved anatomical response and extended treatment interval in a significant proportion of patients. Ongoing review of real-world data will inform longer-term outcomes of safety and effectiveness.
Magnetoelectric nanodiscs enable wireless transgene-free neuromodulation
Authors: Kim Ye Ji , Kent Noah , Vargas Paniagua Emmanuel , Driscoll Nicolette , Tabet Anthony , Koehler Florian , Malkin Elian , Frey Ethan , Manthey Marie , Sahasrabudhe Atharva , Cannon Taylor M. , Nagao Keisuke , Mankus David , Bisher Margaret , de Nola Giovanni , Lytton-Jean Abigail , Signorelli Lorenzo , Gregurec Danijela , Anikeeva Polina 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Deep brain stimulation with implanted electrodes has transformed neuroscience studies and treatment of neurological and psychiatric conditions. Discovering less invasive alternatives to deep brain stimulation could expand its clinical and research applications. Nanomaterial-mediated transduction of magnetic fields into electric potentials has been explored as a means for remote neuromodulation. Here we synthesize magnetoelectric nanodiscs (MENDs) with a core–double-shell Fe3O4–CoFe2O4–BaTiO3 architecture (250 nm diameter and 50 nm thickness) with efficient magnetoelectric coupling. We find robust responses to magnetic field stimulation in neurons decorated with MENDs at a density of 1 µg mm−2 despite individual-particle potentials below the neuronal excitation threshold. We propose a model for repetitive subthreshold depolarization that, combined with cable theory, supports our observations in vitro and informs magnetoelectric stimulation in vivo. Injected into the ventral tegmental area or the subthalamic nucleus of genetically intact mice at concentrations of 1 mg ml−1, MENDs enable remote control of reward or motor behaviours, respectively. These findings set the stage for mechanistic optimization of magnetoelectric neuromodulation towards applications in neuroscience research.
Single-shot 20-fold expansion microscopy
Authors: Wang Shiwei , Shin Tay Won , Yoder Harley B. , McMillan Ryan B. , Su Hanquan , Liu Yixi , Zhang Chi , Leung Kylie S. , Yin Peng , Kiessling Laura L. , Boyden Edward S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractExpansion microscopy (ExM) is in increasingly widespread use throughout biology because its isotropic physical magnification enables nanoimaging on conventional microscopes. To date, ExM methods either expand specimens to a limited range (~4–10× linearly) or achieve larger expansion factors through iterating the expansion process a second time (~15–20× linearly). Here, we present an ExM protocol that achieves ~20× expansion (yielding <20-nm resolution on a conventional microscope) in a single expansion step, achieving the performance of iterative expansion with the simplicity of a single-shot protocol. This protocol, which we call 20ExM, supports postexpansion staining for brain tissue, which can facilitate biomolecular labeling. 20ExM may find utility in many areas of biological investigation requiring high-resolution imaging.
Preoperative scoring system for the prediction of risk of lymph node metastasis in cervical cancer
Authors: Xu Mu , Xie Xiaoyan , Cai Liangzhi , Liu DaBin , Sun Pengming 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe study aimed to develop and validate a preoperative scoring system to predict the risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in cervical cancer (CC). A total of 426 stage IB1–IIA1 CC patients were randomly divided into two sets. A logistic regression model was used to determine independent factors that contribute to LNM. A preoperative scoring system was developed based on beta (β) coefficients. An area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) was used to test for model discrimination. Five-year overall survival (OS) rate was 91.7%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that FIGO stage, tumor size, depth of invasion on MRI, and squamous cell carcinoma antigen levels were independent risk factors in the development set (all P < 0.05). The AUCs of the scoring system for the development and validation sets were 0.833 (95% CI = 0.757–0.909) and 0.767 (95% CI = 0.634–0.891), respectively. Patients who scored 0–2, 3–5, and 6–8 were classified into low-risk, medium-risk, and high-risk groups. Predicted rates were in accord with observed rates in both sets. The 5-year OS rates of the new groups were also significantly different for the entire group, development set, and validation set (all P < 0.05). LNM affects the prognosis of CC patients. The scoring system can be used to assist in evaluating the risk of LNM in CC patients preoperatively. It is easy to obtain and can provide reference for clinical treatment decision-making.
Evidence of Peripheral Vestibular Impairment Among Adults With Chronic Moderate–Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Feller Jessica J. , Duff Melissa C. , Clough Sharice , Jacobson Gary P. , Roberts Richard A. , Romero Daniel J. 
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability among adults in the United States. There is evidence to suggest the peripheral vestibular system is vulnerable to damage in individuals with TBI. However, there are limited prospective studies that describe the type and frequency of vestibular impairment in individuals with chronic moderate–severe TBI (> 6 months postinjury).

Method:
Cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) and video head impulse test (vHIT) were used to assess the function of otolith organ and horizontal semicircular canal (hSCC) pathways in adults with chronic moderate–severe TBI and in noninjured comparison (NC) participants. Self-report questionnaires were administered to participants with TBI to determine prevalence of vestibular symptoms and quality of life associated with those symptoms.

Results:
Chronic moderate–severe TBI was associated with a greater degree of impairment in otolith organ, rather than hSCC, pathways. About 63% of participants with TBI had abnormal VEMP responses, compared to only ~10% with abnormal vHIT responses. The NC group had significantly less abnormal VEMP responses (~7%), while none of the NC participants had abnormal vHIT responses. As many as 80% of participants with TBI reported vestibular symptoms, and up to 36% reported that these symptoms negatively affected their quality of life.

Conclusions:
Adults with TBI reported vestibular symptoms and decreased quality of life related to those symptoms and had objective evidence of peripheral vestibular impairment. Vestibular testing for adults with chronic TBI who report persistent dizziness and imbalance may serve as a guide for treatment and rehabilitation in these individuals.
Dynamics of Motor Skill Learning in American and Israeli Toddlers With Varied Language Proficiency
Authors: DeVeney Shari L. , Dotan Shirly , Weberman Inbal , Julius Mona S. , Adi-Japha Esther 
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
The aim of the present study was twofold: to determine if deficits in motor skill proficiency and learning were present in 2-year-old children identified with early expressive language delay compared to peers without the delay, and to distinguish how motor skill proficiency and learning behaviors may manifest differently across culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds.

Method:
The study involved 54 children (24–36 months of age), 23 of whom were identified as having an expressive language delay. Furthermore, 16 participants were American and English-speaking and 38 were Israeli and Hebrew-speaking. After motor and language skill proficiency was assessed using a variety of measures, each child and participating parent were introduced to a nonsymmetrical-shaped insertion task so that motor learning skills could be observed. This block insertion task was observed for each child at three time points and included a transfer task (same task, new nonsymmetrical shape).

Results:
Children with early expressive language delay were statistically significantly more likely to exhibit deficits in fine-motor proficiency than peers without language delay, regardless of country of origin or language spoken. Furthermore, participants with language delay demonstrated significantly higher error rates in transfer task completion compared with peers. Finally, participants in the U.S. sample indicated lower fine-motor skills and higher error rates than those in the Israeli sample.

Conclusion:
Differences in motor skill proficiency were universally associated with language delay status, indicating support for the notion that language acquisition deficits may extend beyond the linguistic system even in young children identified as late talkers.
Advances in medical image analysis: A comprehensive survey of lung infection detection
Authors: Kordnoori Shirin , Sabeti Maliheh , Mostafaei Hamidreza , Seyed Agha Banihashemi Saeed 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis research investigates advanced approaches in medical image analysis, specifically focusing on segmentation and classification techniques, as well as their integration into multi‐task architectures for lung infections. This research begins by explaining key architectural models used in segmentation and classification tasks. The study extends to the enhancement of these architectures through attention modules and conditional random fields. Relevant datasets and evaluation metrics, incorporating discussions on loss functions are also reviewed. This review encompasses recent advancements in single‐task and multi‐task models, highlighting innovations in semi‐supervised, self‐supervised, few‐shot, and zero‐shot learning techniques. Empirical analysis is conducted on both single‐task and multi‐task architectures, predominantly utilizing the U‐Net framework, and is applied across multiple datasets for segmentation and classification tasks. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of these models and provide insights into the strengths and limitations of different approaches. This research contributes to improved detection and diagnosis of lung infections by offering a comprehensive overview of current methodologies and their practical applications.
Predicting steady degradation in ship power system: A deep learning approach based on comprehensive monitoring parameters
Authors: Chang Xingshan , Xu Xiaojian , Qiu Bohua , Wei Muheng , Yan Xinping , Liu Jie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSteady degradation (SD) prediction is crucial for the intelligent operation and maintenance of ship power system (SPS). Addressing the challenge of predicting the SD process, this study introduces the YC2Model, a system‐level predictive method that integrates encoding time slice data to images (ETSD2I) with a convolutional neural network and Transformer. Incorporating the Transformer, in particular, enables the YC2Model to predict the SD state of SPS over extended periods more effectively. Compared to baseline models, YC2Model demonstrates superior performance on key performance indicators, including the highest coefficient of determination () of 0.960717, and the lowest symmetric mean absolute percentage error of 0.015500, mean square error of 0.707211 × 10−4, root mean square error of 0.008410, and mean absolute error of 0.006519, proving its superior predictive accuracy. The correlation between model performance variations and degradation mechanisms is validated through statistical analysis of the YC2Model's performance in different stages of the SD process. During the SD process, YC2Model exhibits high predictive accuracy, an ability to capture changes in degradation mechanisms and robust adaptability to degradation trends. This model can provide precise and reliable SD state predictions for the intelligent operation and maintenance of SPS.
Multi‐function radar work mode recognition based on residual shrinkage reconstruction recurrent neural network
Authors: Wang Lihong , Xie Kai 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn modern electronic warfare, multi‐function radar work mode recognition is increasingly crucial. However, the challenges posed by complex electromagnetic environments, such as lost pulses, spurious pulses, and measurement errors, along with the reliance of traditional multi‐task learning strategies on clean samples, make it difficult for existing algorithms to achieve satisfactory recognition performance in real‐world scenarios. To address these issues, this paper introduces a novel residual shrinkage reconstruction recurrent neural network (RS‐RRNN). The network uses a Gated Recurrent Unit as its backbone to extract temporal features and enhances feature extraction by reconstructing the GRU's input, while also reducing dependence on clean samples. These features are then processed through a residual shrinkage structure to reduce noise, which significantly improves the model's robustness in non‐ideal scenarios. Simulations demonstrate that RS‐RNN has better performances in accuracy and robustness than existing networks.
Diverticulitis Management in Complex Medical Contexts
Authors: Cooper Laura E. , Turlington Margaret S. , Brown Rebecca F. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDiverticulitis is a prevalent medical issue, particularly among elderly individuals in the Western world. Management is nuanced and is influenced by both disease presentation and patient factors, especially those that affect risk of septic and surgical complications. This paper reviews existing literature to explore the incidence, presentation, and management of diverticulitis in complex medical contexts—immunocompromised populations, specifically highlighting those undergoing chemotherapy, HIV/AIDS patients, transplant recipients, and individuals with autoimmune and connective tissue diseases. Not surprisingly, management of diverticulitis in these complex patient populations is associated with increased morbidity. However, even taking into consideration the risk of septic and surgical complications, more recent data and treatment recommendations suggest that both nonoperative and operative management strategies may be appropriate based on individual patient presentations, mirroring the treatment paradigm of immunocompetent patients. In addition, in discussing operative management of complex medical patients, immunosuppression alone should not be considered a contraindication to primary anastomosis. Overall, there are limited existing data on diverticulitis in immunocompromised populations and, especially, patients with autoimmune and connective tissue disorders. Further research is warranted to better understand the impact of these chronic diseases on diverticulitis severity and to best inform evidence-based practices in this complex clinical scenario.
Infectious Neuropathies
Authors: Mehta Mitali , Robinson-Papp Jessica 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis review explores diverse infectious etiologies of peripheral nervous system (PNS) dysfunction, spanning sensory and motor neurons, nerves, and associated structures. Progress in viral and bacterial infections reveals multifaceted mechanisms underlying neuropathies, including viral neurotoxicity and immune-mediated responses. Latest diagnostic advances facilitate early PNS complication detection, with ongoing research offering promising treatment avenues. Emerging pathogens like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Zika virus, and EV-D68 highlight the evolving infectious neuropathy paradigm. Recognizing characteristic patterns and integrating clinical factors are pivotal for precise diagnosis and tailored intervention. Challenges persist in assessment and management due to varied pathogenic mechanisms. Advancements in understanding pathogenesis have improved targeted therapies, yet gaps remain in effective treatments. Ongoing research is crucial for optimizing approaches and improving patient outcomes.
Measurement of electron and neutral particle densities using a two-color optical fiber interferometer
Authors: Lan Tao , Bai Zeqi , Zhang Han , Mao Zhiling , Ding Weixing , Wu Jie , Wang Ke , Sun Xuan , Wang Min , Mao Wenzhe , Zhang Sen , Dong Qilong , Zhou Yongkang , Chen Chen , Wang Tianxiong , Lu Pengcheng , Huang Yuhua , Wu Zhengwei , Wu Jiaren , Deng Peng , Wei Zian , Wen Xiaohui , Wang Hai , Zhou Chu , Liu Ahdi , Xie Jinlin , Li Hong , Liu Wandong , Xiao Chijin , Zhuang Ge 
Published: October 2024

A two-color homodyne Mach–Zehnder optical fiber interferometer is developed for the measurement of electron and neutral particle densities in a high-density capsule θ-pinch device. The interferometer leverages the disparate contributions of distinct particles to the refractive index across two discrete wavelengths of 1310 and 1550 nm and incorporates the contributions of both electron and neutral particle densities to the phase shift in the plasma. The temporal evolutions of line-integrated electron and neutral argon densities are successfully measured by the interferometer. Comparing the electron density waveforms under various working gas pressures as well as the results obtained using the monochromatic and two-color measurements, it is inferred that the influence of neutral particle density can be neglected when measuring the electron density using a long-wavelength laser. Moreover, the maximum electron density is linearly correlated with the capacitor bank voltage for the θ-pinch device (5–9 kV). Overall, the proposed interferometer is capable of simultaneously measuring the electron and neutral particle densities.