bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Aggression-Evoking Cues on Aggressive Cognitions in Males and Females: Different Procedures – Similar Effects
Authors: Konopka Karolina , Rajchert Joanna , Dominiak-Kochanek Monika 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThree experiments examined the effect of aggression-evoking cues on aggressive cognitions related to physical, verbal, and relational aggression and internal states (anger and hostility). In Experiment 1 (n = 40), the priming effect of masculinity threat on four categories of aggressive cognitions was investigated among males; Experiment 2 (n = 46) tested whether exposure to images stimulating negative and sexual arousal induced higher accessibility of aggressive constructs in men; in Experiment 3 (n = 95), female participants completed a self-report questionnaire measuring aggressive behavior, administered so as to activate their aggressive cognitions. All three studies revealed that, when the concept “aggression” is activated, the accessibility of physically aggressive thoughts increases regardless of the participant’s sex or the sorts of stimuli used to evoke aggressive cognitions. Thoughts related to verbal and relational aggression, anger, and hostility were not activated. The findings are discussed in terms of the cognitive-neoassociationistic model of aggression in which physical aggression may play the role of the core of an aggression cognition network that is easily activated without spreading that effect on associated constructs.
Recent progress on chikungunya virus research
Authors: An Wenxi , Ge Ningning , Cao Yilin , Sun Jin , Jin Xia 
Published: November 2017

AbstractChikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arbovirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitos in tropical and subtropical regions across the
world. After decades of sporadic outbreaks, it re-emerged in Africa, Asia, India
Ocean and America suddenly, causing major regional epidemics recently and becoming a
notable global health problem. Infection by CHIKV results in a spectrum of clinical
diseases including an acute self-limiting febrile illness in most individuals, a
chronic phase of recurrent join pain in a proportion of patients, and long-term
arthralgia for months to years for the unfortunate few. No specific anti-viral drugs
or licensed vaccines for CHIKV are available so far. A better understanding of
virus-host interactions is essential for the development of therapeutics and
vaccines. To this end, we reviewed the existing knowledge on CHIKV’s epidemiology,
clinical presentation, molecular virology, diagnostic approaches, host immune
response, vaccine development, and available animal models. Such a comprehensive
overview, we believe, will shed lights on the promises and challenges in CHIKV
vaccine development.
Sonic hedgehog regulates the pathfinding of descending serotonergic axons in hindbrain in collaboration with Wnt5a and secreted frizzled‐related protein 1
Authors: Xie Jie , Zhao Teng , Liu Yaobo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated that both Wnt5a and Sonic hedgehog (Shh) are involved in regulating the pathfinding of descending serotonergic (5‐HT, 5‐hydroxytryptamine) axons in an opposite manner in the brainstem. Shh and Wnt signaling pathways interact to guide post‐crossing commissural axons, where Shh acts as a repellent directly and shaping the Wnt gradient indirectly by regulating the gradient expression of the frizzled‐related protein 1 (Sfrp1). Whether such a mechanism functions in descending 5‐HT axon guidance remains unknown. Here, we found that the core components of the Shh and Wnt planar cell polarity signaling pathways are expressed in caudal 5‐HT neurons, and the expression gradients of Shh, Sfrp1, and Wnt5a exist simultaneously in hindbrain. Dunn chamber assays revealed that Sfrp1 suppressed the attractive Wnt gradient. Moreover, we found that Shh overexpression led to pathfinding defects in 5‐HT axon descending, and the axonal pathfinding defects could be partially rescued by administration of an Sfrp1 antagonist in vivo. Biochemical evidence showed Shh overexpression upregulated the expression of the Sfrp1 gene and interrupted Wnt5a binding to Frizzled‐3. Taken together, our results indicate that Shh, Sfrp1, and Wnt5a collaborate to direct the pathfinding of descending 5‐HT axons in the brainstem.
Molecular and biochemical biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy monitorization of Niemann‐Pick type C patients
Authors: Hammerschmidt Tatiane Grazieli , de Oliveira Schmitt Ribas Graziela , Saraiva‐Pereira Maria Luiza , Bonatto Márcia Polese , Kessler Rejane Gus , Souza Fernanda Timm Seabra , Trapp Franciele , Michelin‐Tirelli Kristiane , Burin Maira Graeff , Giugliani Roberto , Vargas Carmen Regla 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundNiemann‐Pick type C (NP‐C), one of 50 inherited lysosomal storage disorders, is caused by NPC protein impairment that leads to unesterified cholesterol accumulation in late endosomal/lysosomal compartments. The clinical manifestations of NP‐C include hepatosplenomegaly, neurological and psychiatric symptoms. Current diagnosis for NP‐C is based on observation of the accumulated cholesterol in fibroblasts of affected individuals, using an invasive and time expensive test, called Filipin staining. Lately, two metabolites that are markedly increased in NP‐C patients are arising as biomarkers for this disease screening: 7‐ketocholesterol and cholestane‐3β,5α,6β‐triol, both oxidized cholesterol products.ObjectiveIn this work, we aimed to evaluate the performance of cholestane‐3β,5α,6β‐triol analysis for the screening and monitoring of NPC patients, correlating it with chitotriosidase levels, Filipin staining and molecular analysis. It was investigated 76 non‐treated individuals with NP‐C suspicion and also 7 patients with previous NP‐C diagnosis under treatment with miglustat, in order to verify the cholestane‐3β,5α,6β‐triol value as a tool for therapy monitoring.ResultsConsidering molecular assay as golden standard, it was verified that cholestane‐3β,5α,6β‐triol analysis presented 88% of sensitivity, 96.08% of specificity, a positive and negative predictive value calculated in 91.67% and 94.23%, respectively, for the diagnosis of NP‐C. Chitotriosidase levels were increased in patients with positive molecular analysis for NP‐C. For Filipin staining, it was found 1 false positive, 7 false negative and 24 inconclusive cases, showing that this assay has important limitations for NP‐C diagnosis. Besides, we found a significant decrease in cholestane‐3β,5α,6β‐triol concentrations in NP‐C patients under therapy with miglustat when compared to non‐treated patients.ConclusionTaken together, the present data show that cholestane‐3β,5α,6β‐triol analysis has a high potential to be an important NP‐C screening assay, and also can be used for therapy monitorization with miglustat in NP‐C patients.
Eugenosedin‐A improves glucose metabolism and inhibits MAPKs expression in streptozotocin/nicotinamide‐induced diabetic rats
Authors: Shen Kuo‐Ping , Lin Hui‐Li , Yen Hsueh‐Wei , Hsieh Su‐Ling , An Li‐Mei , Wu Bin‐Nan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis study examined the effects of eugenosedin‐A (Eu‐A) in a streptozotocin (STZ)/nicotinamide‐induced rat model of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Six‐week‐old Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: (1) RD group, normal rats fed a regular diet (RD), (2) DM group, T2DM rats fed a high‐fat diet, and (3) Eu‐A group, T2DM rats fed a high fat diet plus oral Eu‐A (5 mg/kg/day). After 30 days, the DM group had higher body weight, higher blood glucose and lower insulin levels than the RD group. The DM group also had increased protein expression of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) in liver and skeletal muscle and decreased protein expression of insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate‐1 (IRS‐1), IRS‐2, AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), glucose transporter‐4 (GLUT‐4), glucokinase (GCK), and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPAR‐γ). STZ/nicotinamide‐induced T2DM increased the expression of mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs: p38, ERK, JNK) and inflammatory p65 protein. In the Eu‐A treated T2DM rats, however, blood glucose was attenuated and the insulin concentration stimulated. Changes in IR, IRS‐1 and IRS‐2 proteins as well as AMPK, GLUT‐4, GCK, GSK, PPAR‐γ, MAPKs, and inflammatory p65 proteins were ameliorated. These results suggested that Eu‐A alleviates STZ/nicotinamide‐induced hyperglycemia by improving insulin levels and glucose metabolism, and inhibiting the MAPKs‐ and p65‐mediated inflammatory pathway.
Displacement, Belonging, and Land Rights in Grand Gedeh, Liberia: Almost at Home Abroad?
Authors: Bjørkhaug Ingunn , Bøås Morten , Kebede Tewodros 
Published: November 2017

Abstract:Conflicts over local land rights between groups considered as “sons of the soil” and newcomers such as refugees can trigger autochthony-inspired violence. However, such conflicts are not always manifested, even when the conditions are in place. The question we explore in this article is whether such conflicts are less likely to emerge if the “other” is from a group with a longstanding bond of interethnic allegiance with the host community. Based on ethnographic data from host–refugee communities in Grand Gedeh, Liberia, we revisit previous attempts to explain economic and social relations between majority and minority groups. Our main finding is that in this part of Africa no prior special status will fundamentally alter the established ways of incorporating strangers into the community.
Generations and Access to Land in Postconflict Northern Uganda: “Youth Have No Voice in Land Matters”
Authors: Whyte Susan Reynolds , Acio Esther 
Published: November 2017

Abstract:Generational tensions are one of the many forms that land conflicts take in northern Uganda. The convention in Acholiland was that young men gained land-use rights through their fathers and young women gained them through their husbands. This pattern of generational governance has become complicated in the wake of the civil war and decades of internment in IDP camps. Lacking husbands, young women are using land of their patrilateral kin, while young men who grew up with their mothers may use that of their matrilateral relatives. This article, based on fieldwork in the Acholi subregion between 2014 and 2016, explores classic anthropological concerns about gerontocracy and patriliny in a contemporary postconflict situation. It describes the discreet land access strategies of young men and women and the ways in which they seek to complement dependence on relatives by renting or buying land. The image of the “war generation” as morally spoiled is countered by an examination of the consequences of war and internment for young people’s claims to use land.
Calibration and Stokes Imaging with Full Embedded Element Primary Beam Model for the Murchison Widefield Array
Authors: Sokolowski M. , Colegate T. , Sutinjo A. T. , Ung D. , Wayth R. , Hurley-Walker N. , Lenc E. , Pindor B. , Morgan J. , Kaplan D. L. , Bell M. E. , Callingham J. R. , Dwarakanath K. S. , For Bi-Qing , Gaensler B. M. , Hancock P. J. , Hindson L. , Johnston-Hollitt M. , Kapińska A. D. , McKinley B. , Offringa A. R. , Procopio P. , Staveley-Smith L. , Wu C. , Zheng Q. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe Murchison Widefield Array (MWA), located in Western Australia, is one of the low-frequency precursors of the international Square Kilometre Array (SKA) project. In addition to pursuing its own ambitious science programme, it is also a testbed for wide range of future SKA activities ranging from hardware, software to data analysis. The key science programmes for the MWA and SKA require very high dynamic ranges, which challenges calibration and imaging systems. Correct calibration of the instrument and accurate measurements of source flux densities and polarisations require precise characterisation of the telescope’s primary beam. Recent results from the MWA GaLactic Extragalactic All-sky Murchison Widefield Array (GLEAM) survey show that the previously implemented Average Embedded Element (AEE) model still leaves residual polarisations errors of up to 10–20% in Stokes Q. We present a new simulation-based Full Embedded Element (FEE) model which is the most rigorous realisation yet of the MWA’s primary beam model. It enables efficient calculation of the MWA beam response in arbitrary directions without necessity of spatial interpolation. In the new model, every dipole in the MWA tile (4 × 4 bow-tie dipoles) is simulated separately, taking into account all mutual coupling, ground screen, and soil effects, and therefore accounts for the different properties of the individual dipoles within a tile. We have applied the FEE beam model to GLEAM observations at 200–231 MHz and used false Stokes parameter leakage as a metric to compare the models. We have determined that the FEE model reduced the magnitude and declination-dependent behaviour of false polarisation in Stokes Q and V while retaining low levels of false polarisation in Stokes U.
Supplemental psyllium fibre regulates the intestinal barrier and inflammation in normal and colitic mice
Authors: Ogata Miyuki , Ogita Tasuku , Tari Hiroyuki , Arakawa Teruaki , Suzuki Takuya 
Published: November 2017

AbstractOur previous study demonstrated that supplemental psyllium fibre increased cytoprotective heat-shock protein (Hsp) 25 levels in the intestinal cells of mice. Here, we examined the effect of psyllium fibre on colonic gene and protein expression and faecal microbiota in normal and colitic mice to improve the understanding of the preventive role of the supplement. DNA microarray analysis revealed that a 10 % psyllium fibre diet administered for 5 d up-regulated eleven extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated genes, including collagens and fibronectins, in normal mice. Acute colitis was induced using dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) in mice that were administered a pre-feeding 5 to 10 % psyllium fibre diet for 5 d. Psyllium fibre partially ameliorated or resolved the DSS-induced colon damage and inflammation characterised by body weight loss, colon shortening, increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and decreased tight junction protein expression in the colon. Analysis of faecal microbiota using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of the PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene demonstrated that psyllium fibre affected the colonic microbiota. Intestinal permeability was evaluated by growing intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers on membrane filter supports coated with or without fibronectin and collagen. Cells grown on collagen and fibronectin coating showed higher transepithelial electrical resistance, indicating a strengthening of barrier integrity. Therefore, increased Hsp25 levels and modification of colonic ECM contribute to the observed psyllium-mediated protection against DSS-induced colitis. Furthermore, ECM modification appears to play a role in the strengthening of the colon barrier. In conclusion, psyllium fibre may be useful in the prevention of intestinal inflammatory diseases.
Polygenic prediction of the phenome, across ancestry, in emerging adulthood
Authors: Docherty Anna R. , Moscati Arden , Dick Danielle , Savage Jeanne E. , Salvatore Jessica E. , Cooke Megan , Aliev Fazil , Moore Ashlee A. , Edwards Alexis C. , Riley Brien P. , Adkins Daniel E. , Peterson Roseann , Webb Bradley T. , Bacanu Silviu A. , Kendler Kenneth S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundIdentifying genetic relationships between complex traits in emerging adulthood can provide useful etiological insights into risk for psychopathology. College-age individuals are under-represented in genomic analyses thus far, and the majority of work has focused on the clinical disorder or cognitive abilities rather than normal-range behavioral outcomes.MethodsThis study examined a sample of emerging adults 18–22 years of age (N = 5947) to construct an atlas of polygenic risk for 33 traits predicting relevant phenotypic outcomes. Twenty-eight hypotheses were tested based on the previous literature on samples of European ancestry, and the availability of rich assessment data allowed for polygenic predictions across 55 psychological and medical phenotypes.ResultsPolygenic risk for schizophrenia (SZ) in emerging adults predicted anxiety, depression, nicotine use, trauma, and family history of psychological disorders. Polygenic risk for neuroticism predicted anxiety, depression, phobia, panic, neuroticism, and was correlated with polygenic risk for cardiovascular disease.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate the extensive impact of genetic risk for SZ, neuroticism, and major depression on a range of health outcomes in early adulthood. Minimal cross-ancestry replication of these phenomic patterns of polygenic influence underscores the need for more genome-wide association studies of non-European populations.
Psychosocial functioning among regular cannabis users with and without cannabis use disorder
Authors: Foster Katherine T. , Arterberry Brooke J. , Iacono William G. , McGue Matt , Hicks Brian M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundIn the United States, cannabis accessibility has continued to rise as the perception of its harmfulness has decreased. Only about 30% of regular cannabis users develop cannabis use disorder (CUD), but it is unclear if individuals who use cannabis regularly without ever developing CUD experience notable psychosocial impairment across the lifespan. Therefore, psychosocial functioning was compared across regular cannabis users with or without CUD and a non-user control group during adolescence (age 17; early risk) and young adulthood (ages 18–25; peak CUD prevalence).MethodWeekly cannabis users with CUD (n = 311), weekly users without CUD (n = 111), and non-users (n = 996) were identified in the Minnesota Twin Family Study. Groups were compared on alcohol and illicit drug use, psychiatric problems, personality, and social functioning at age 17 and from ages 18 to 25. Self-reported cannabis use and problem use were independently verified using co-twin informant report.ResultsIn both adolescence and young adulthood, non-CUD users reported significantly higher levels of substance use problems and externalizing behaviors than non-users, but lower levels than CUD users. High agreement between self- and co-twin informant reports confirmed the validity of self-reported cannabis use problems.ConclusionsEven in the absence of CUD, regular cannabis use was associated with psychosocial impairment in adolescence and young adulthood. However, regular users with CUD endorsed especially high psychiatric comorbidity and psychosocial impairment. The need for early prevention and intervention – regardless of CUD status – was highlighted by the presence of these patterns in adolescence.
Considering the filmmaker: Intensified continuity, narrative structure, and the Distancing-Embracing model
Authors: Armstrong Kacie L. , Cutting James E. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMenninghaus et al. pose two open-ended questions: To what extent do formal elements of art elicit negative affect, and do artists try to elicit this response in a theory-based or intuitive manner? For popular movies, we argue that the consideration of their construction is prior to the consideration of the experience that they evoke.
The urge to judge: Why the judgmental attitude has anything to do with the aesthetic enjoyment of negative emotions
Authors: Brattico Elvira , Vuust Peter 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBased on arguments from both philosophical and empirical aesthetics, we hereby propose that the enjoyment of negative emotions in art and fiction is distinct from the immediate pleasure deriving from sensory features, because it requires a conscious, intentional attitude toward the object. This attitude is linked with the compelling goal of providing a judgment of liking, beauty, perfection, or similar.
What is art and how does it differ from aesthetics?
Authors: Kreuzbauer Robert 
Published: November 2017

AbstractArt objects differ from other objects because they are intentionally created to embody a producer's (i.e., artist's) expression. Hence, art objects are social objects whose appeal and value are determined largely by the strategic interaction between the artist and the audience. I discuss several aspects of how strategic interaction can affect an art object's perceived value and aesthetic appeal.
A new stem sarcopterygian illuminates patterns of character evolution in early bony fishes
Authors: Lu Jing , Giles Sam , Friedman Matt , Zhu Min 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDiscoveries of putative stem sarcopterygians from the late Silurian and Early Devonian of South China have increased our knowledge of the initial diversification of osteichthyans while also highlighting incongruities in character evolution in this major jawed vertebrate group. Character-rich endocrania are incompletely preserved for early bony fishes, limiting a detailed understanding of complex internal morphology and evolutionary changes in the cranium. Here we report a new sarcopterygian (Ptyctolepis brachynotus gen. et sp. nov.) from the Pragian (Early Devonian) of South China, which preserves a unique example of a completely ossified otoccipital division of the braincase in a stem lobe-finned fish. The hyomandibular facets are paired but lie dorsal to the jugular canal, representing a hitherto unobserved combination of derived and primitive character states. This new taxon prompts a reassessment of early osteichthyan interrelationships, including the phylogenetic placement of psarolepids, which might branch from the osteichthyan—rather than sarcopterygian—stem.
Existence of multi-radical and closed-shell semiconducting states in post-graphene organic Dirac materials
Authors: Alcón Isaac , Viñes Francesc , Moreira Iberio de P. R. , Bromley Stefan T. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPost-graphene organic Dirac (PGOD) materials are ordered two-dimensional networks of triply bonded sp2 carbon nodes spaced by π-conjugated linkers. PGOD materials are natural chemical extensions of graphene that promise to have an enhanced range of properties and applications. Experimentally realised molecules based on two PGOD nodes exhibit a bi-stable closed-shell/multi-radical character that can be understood through competing Lewis resonance forms. Here, following the same rationale, we predict that similar states should be accessible in PGOD materials, which we confirm using accurate density functional theory calculations. Although for graphene the semimetallic state is always dominant, for PGOD materials this state becomes marginally meta-stable relative to open-shell multi-radical and/or closed-shell states that are stabilised through symmetry breaking, in line with analogous molecular systems. These latter states are semiconducting, increasing the potential use of PGOD materials as highly tuneable platforms for future organic nano-electronics and spintronics.