bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
So how does gesture function in speaking, communication, and thinking?
Authors: Church R. Breckinridge , Goldin-Meadow Susan 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This concluding chapter reflects on the book’s collected works that encapsulate, in the Aristotelian sense, gesture’s efficient causes (i.e., mechanisms that stimulate gesture) and its final causes (i.e., purposes that gesture serves). We conclude that gesture is multifunctional, operating on all levels of analysis (biological, psychological, and social levels), in all time frames (moment-to-moment, ontogenetic, and evolutionary time) and under many different discourse requirements. One over-arching theme emerges. Gesture functions simultaneously for both its producers and its observers, and thus provides a dual function that shapes thinking and language in the producer, which, in turn, shapes thinking and language in the observer – a process that underlies how we share ideas and create community.
Truths, lies and figurative scenarios
Authors: Musolff Andreas 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This article studies one of the key-metaphors that has dominated British EU-debates for the past 25 years, i.e. the slogan, Britain at the heart of Europe. The discourse career of this metaphor up to the Brexit referendum shows a decline in its affirmative, optimistic use, and a converse increase of deriding uses to the point of declaring the heart of Europe irredeemably diseased, dead, non-existent or rotten. We argue that these changes in the metaphor scenario of the heart of Europe concept helped to entice the British public to integrate the information supplied by pro-Brexit campaigners into a narrative of a dying EU, which motivated their voting preferences. Even statements that were exposed as factually wrong or implausible before the Brexit referendum were still accepted as fitting the narrative and thus considered as more reliable than unframed pieces of counter-information supplied by the Brexit critics.
Microstructural and crystallographic features of hydrogen-related fracture in lath martensitic steels
Authors: Shibata Akinobu , Momotani Yuji , Murata Tamotsu , Matsuoka Takahiro , Tsuboi Mizuki , Tsuji Nobuhiro 
Published: April 2017

This paper summarised the microstructural and crystallographic features of hydrogen-related fracture under tensile deformation in martensitic steels. The specimens with relatively low strength exhibited quasi-cleavage fracture. Crystallographic orientation analysis demonstrated that the quasi-cleavage fracture occurred on {011} planes. On the other hand, the macroscopic fracture surface morphologies of the specimens with relatively high strength appeared to be intergranular-like. However, nature of the fracture was somewhat different from a typical intergranular fracture, and the fracture surfaces consisted of facets parallel to {011} planes on a microscopic level. Based on the experimental results, we concluded that the crystallographic feature of {011} plane itself had an important role on the hydrogen-related fracture. This paper is part of a thematic issue on Hydrogen in Metallic Alloys
A method for learning a sparse classifier in the presence of missing data for high-dimensional biological datasets
Authors: Severson Kristen A , Monian Brinda , Love J Christopher , Braatz Richard D 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Motivation
This work addresses two common issues in building classification models for biological or medical studies: learning a sparse model, where only a subset of a large number of possible predictors is used, and training in the presence of missing data. This work focuses on supervised generative binary classification models, specifically linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The parameters are determined using an expectation maximization algorithm to both address missing data and introduce priors to promote sparsity. The proposed algorithm, expectation-maximization sparse discriminant analysis (EM-SDA), produces a sparse LDA model for datasets with and without missing data.

Results
EM-SDA is tested via simulations and case studies. In the simulations, EM-SDA is compared with nearest shrunken centroids (NSCs) and sparse discriminant analysis (SDA) with k-nearest neighbors for imputation for varying mechanism and amount of missing data. In three case studies using published biomedical data, the results are compared with NSC and SDA models with four different types of imputation, all of which are common approaches in the field. EM-SDA is more accurate and sparse than competing methods both with and without missing data in most of the experiments. Furthermore, the EM-SDA results are mostly consistent between the missing and full cases. Biological relevance of the resulting models, as quantified via a literature search, is also presented.

Availability and implementation
A Matlab implementation published under GNU GPL v.3 license is available at http://web.mit.edu/braatzgroup/links.html.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Management of Severe Bleeding in Patients Treated with Direct Oral Anticoagulants
Authors: Albaladejo Pierre , Samama Charles-Marc , Sié Pierre , Kauffmann Sophie , Mémier Vincent , Suchon Pierre , Viallon Alain , David Jean Stéphane , Gruel Yves , Bellamy Lorenn , de Maistre Emmanuel , Romegoux Pauline , Thoret Sophie , Pernod Gilles , Bosson Jean-Luc ,   on behalf of the GIHP-NACO Study Group
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Background
The use of prothrombin complex concentrates and the role of plasma concentration of anticoagulants in the management of bleeding in patients treated with direct oral anticoagulants are still debated. Our aim was to describe management strategies and outcomes of severe bleeding events in patients treated with direct oral anticoagulants.

Methods
We performed a prospective cohort study of 732 patients treated with dabigatran, rivaroxaban, or apixaban hospitalized for severe bleeding, included prospectively in the registry from June 2013 to November 2015.

Results
Bleeding was gastrointestinal or intracranial in 37% (212 of 732) and 24% (141 of 732) of the cases, respectively. Creatinine clearance was lower than 60 ml/min in 61% (449 of 732) of the cases. The plasma concentration of direct oral anticoagulants was determined in 62% (452 of 732) of the cases and was lower than 50 ng/ml or higher than 400 ng/ml in 9.2% (41 of 452) and in 6.6% (30 of 452) of the cases, respectively. Activated or nonactivated prothrombin complex concentrates were administered in 38% of the cases (281 of 732). Mortality by day 30 was 14% (95% CI, 11 to 16).

Conclusions
Management of severe bleeding in patients treated with direct oral anticoagulants appears to be complex. The use of prothrombin complex concentrates differs depending on bleeding sites and direct oral anticoagulant plasma concentrations. Mortality differs according to bleeding sites and was similar to previous estimates.
Improved Survival in a Long-Term Rat Model of Sepsis Is Associated With Reduced Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake Despite Increased Energetic Demand
Authors: Pinto Bernardo B. , Dyson Alex , Umbrello Michele , Carré Jane E. , Ritter Cristiane , Clatworthy Innes , Duchen Michael R. , Singer Mervyn 
Published: April 2017

Objectives:
To investigate the relationship between prognosis, changes in mitochondrial calcium uptake, and bioenergetic status in the heart during sepsis.

Design:
In vivo and ex vivo controlled experimental studies.

Setting:
University research laboratory.

Subjects:
Male adult Wistar rats.

Interventions:
Sepsis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of fecal slurry. Sham-operated animals served as controls. Confocal microscopy was used to study functional and bioenergetic parameters in cardiomyocytes isolated after 24-hour sepsis. Electron microscopy was used to characterize structural changes in mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum. The functional response to dobutamine was assessed in vivo by echocardiography.

Measurements and Main Results:
Peak aortic blood flow velocity measured at 24 hours was a good discriminator for 72-hour survival (area under the receiver operator characteristic, 0.84 ± 0.1; p = 0.03) and was used in ex vivo experiments at 24 hours to identify septic animals with good prognosis. Measurements from animals with good prognostic showed 1) a smaller increase in mitochondrial calcium content and in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide fluorescence following pacing and 2) increased distance between mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum on electron microscopy, and 3) nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide redox potential and adenosine triphosphate/adenosine diphosphate failed to reach a new steady state following pacing, suggesting impaired matching of energy supply and demand. In vivo, good prognosis animals had a blunted response to dobutamine with respect to stroke volume and kinetic energy.

Conclusions:
In situations of higher energetic demand decreased mitochondrial calcium uptake may constitute an adaptive cellular response that confers a survival advantage in response to sepsis at a cost of decreased oxidative capacity.
Postoperative Evaluation of Bilateral Reading Performance With Two Intraocular Lenses: Twelve-Month Results
Authors: Akkaya Turhan Semra , Toker Ebru 
Published: April 2017

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to compare the bilateral reading performances within the first 12 months after the implantation of two intraocular lens (IOL) models.

Methods:
The patients involved in this research had bilateral phacoemulsification and implantation of the Acriva Reviol MFM 613 IOL (group 1) or AcrySof ReSTOR SN6AD1 apodized multifocal IOL (group 2). The bilateral reading performance was evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively using the MNREAD acuity charts. The reading speed, critical print size, and reading acuity were measured binocularly at 40 and 60 cm. In addition, the binocular uncorrected visual acuities (far, UDVA; intermediate, UIVA; and near, UNVA) were also measured.

Results:
Each IOL model was implanted in 30 eyes (15 patients), and 30 patients were included in this study. Overall, there were no statistically significant postoperative differences in the mean UDVA, UIVA and mean (P>0.05). There were statistically significant postoperative differences in the mean reading acuity (group 1, 0.07±0.10 logMAR; group 2, 0.02±0.08 logMAR; P=0.019) at 40 cm. When tested at 60 cm, the reading acuity (0.13±0.10 logMAR and 0.21±0.11 logMAR, respectively; P=0.021) and critical print size (0.25±0.13 logMAR and 0.39±0.16 logMAR, respectively; P=0.005) were significantly better in group 1 than in group 2.

Conclusion:
Both of the IOLs achieved good visual performances. However, the Acriva Reviol MFM 613 IOL performed better than the AcrySof ReSTOR SN6AD1 at an intermediate distance, whereas the AcrySof ReSTOR SN6AD1 provided better near distance results.
Donor Endothelial Cell Count Does Not Correlate With Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty Transplant Survival After 2 Years of Follow-up
Authors: Potapenko Ivan O. , Samolov Branka , Armitage Margareta Claesson , Byström Berit , Hjortdal Jesper 
Published: April 2017

Purpose:To analyze the influence of low endothelial cell density (ECD) of donor cornea tissue, donor age, and sex on the transplant survival rate after Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK).Methods:Graft ECD, age, and sex of donors used for DSAEK (n = 1789) during 7 years (2007–2014) in 4 Scandinavian hospitals were assessed for potential association with transplant survival at 2 years of follow-up using a Cox regression model correcting for confounding factors. The data were obtained from The Swedish Cornea Transplant Registry.Results:Transplant failure occurred in 196 patients, with 69 early failures during the first 3 postoperative months, and 127 late secondary failures. Twenty-five of the late secondary failures were due to rejection. Reversible rejections occurred in 67 patients. There was no significant impact of donor age [hazard ratio (HR) 1.0, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.99–1.02,P= 0.32] or endothelial cell count (HR 1.00, 95% CI, 0.99–1.01,P= 0.3) on the survival rate of DSAEK transplants at 2 years of follow-up. The use of donor grafts with low ECD (<2300 cells/mm2) did not influence the survival rate (HR 1.3, 95% CI, 0.76–2.35,P= 0.31). Male donor sex was associated with lower 2-year graft survival (HR 1.5, 95% CI, 1.04–2.28,P= 0.03), but not with rejection events (P= 0.26).Conclusions:Based on data from The Swedish Cornea Transplant Registry, low donor ECD was not detrimental to graft survival, whereas donor sex seemed to influence the outcome at the end of the 2-year follow-up.
Reactivation of Herpes Zoster Keratitis With Corneal Perforation After Zoster Vaccination
Authors: Jastrzebski Andre , Brownstein Seymour , Ziai Setareh , Saleh Solin , Lam Kay , Jackson W. Bruce 
Published: April 2017

Purpose:
We present a case of reactivated herpes zoster keratouveitis of 6 years duration with corneal perforation requiring penetrating keratoplasty shortly after inoculation with herpes zoster vaccine (Zostavax, Merck, Quebec, Canada).

Methods:
Retrospective case report.

Results:
A 67-year-old woman with a 5-year history of recurrent unilateral herpes zoster keratouveitis in her right eye presented with another recurrence 2 weeks after Zostavax vaccination. Three months later, she developed descemetocele and 2 months afterward, corneal perforation, which was managed by penetrating keratoplasty. Immunohistopathological examination disclosed positive staining for varicella zoster virus in most of the keratocytes adjacent to the descemetocele and perforation, most vividly in the deeper two-thirds of the stroma where the keratocytes were most dense, but not in corneal epithelium or endothelium. Electron microscopic examination showed universally severely degenerated corneal keratocytes in the corneal stroma adjacent to the perforation with variable numbers of herpes virus capsids present in half of these cells. Only a rare normal-appearing keratocyte was identified in the more peripheral corneal stroma.

Conclusions:
We present a case of reactivation of herpes keratouveitis shortly after vaccination with Zostavax in a patient with previous herpes zoster ophthalmicus. We demonstrate, for the first time, ultrastructural evidence consistent with inactive virus capsids in diffusely degenerated keratocytes in the extracted corneal tissue.
Estimation of Prevalence of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in Japan
Authors: Amano Shiro , Inoue Kenji 
Published: April 2017

Purpose:
To estimate the prevalence of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) in the Japanese population using new diagnostic criteria, including lid margin abnormalities and signs of occlusion of the meibomian gland orifices as essential signs.

Methods:
The participants were consecutive patients scheduled for cataract surgery at Inouye Eye Hospital. All participants were aged 50 years or older. The participants completed a symptoms questionnaire and underwent a comprehensive slit-lamp examination. MGD was diagnosed when both of the following 2 factors were positive: lid margin abnormalities and signs of occlusion of the meibomian gland orifices.

Results:
The study included 510 participants (205 men, 305 women) of mean age 71.1 ± 8.5 (range 50–93) years. The prevalence rates of symptomatic MGD and total (symptomatic + asymptomatic) MGD were 18.0% and 47.5%, respectively. The prevalence of total MGD increased significantly with increasing patient age (P < 0.0001). The ratio of men to women and the prevalence of systemic disease did not differ between participants who were positive or negative for MGD. For the total MGD group, slit-lamp findings (lid margin abnormality, shift of the mucocutaneous junction, telangiectasia, and plugging) were more frequent; tear film breakup time was shorter; and the meiboscore was higher than in participants without MGD.

Conclusions:
The prevalence of MGD is high in the Japanese population aged 50 years or older.
Factors Associated With Visual Field Progression in Cirrus Optical Coherence Tomography-guided Progression Analysis: A Topographic Approach
Authors: Shin Joong Won , Sung Kyung Rim , Lee Jiyun , Kwon Junki 
Published: April 2017

Purpose:
To identify factors associated with visual field (VF) progression in optical coherence tomography (OCT)-guided progression analysis (GPA) using a topographic approach.

Methods:
Topographic components of OCT-GPA maps (Cirrus HD-OCT; Carl Zeiss Meditec) were classified according to location (temporal, superotemporal, superonasal, nasal, inferornasal, and inferotemporal), size (small, medium, and large), shape (wedge and irregular types), and pattern of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) progression (widening, deepening, and new development). All positive findings in OCT-GPA (RNFL thickness maps, profiles, and average RNFL thickness) were defined as strong RNFL progression. VF progression was determined by linear regression analysis of VF mean deviation over time. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association of VF progression with OCT-GPA parameters.

Results:
In total, 276 primary open-angle glaucoma patients were followed up for 5.1 years. According to OCT-GPA, 89 eyes were found to have RNFL progression. Of these, VF progression was detected in 27 (30.3%) eyes. Eyes with progressed VF group showed topographically different characteristics, which were wedge-shaped (80.6%), large-sized (40.0%), and widening (69.5%) or deepening (11.1%) pattern of RNFL progression in the inferotemporal (44.4%) and superotemporal (30.6%) regions, compared with eyes with non-progressed VF group. In multivariate analysis, strong RNFL progression and widening or deepening pattern of RNFL progression were significantly associated with VF progression (P=0.012 and 0.016, respectively).

Conclusions:
Topographic analysis in OCT-GPA maps showed different characteristics between progressed VF and nonprogressed VF groups. Glaucoma patients with widening or deepening pattern of RNFL progression should be carefully monitored for greater risk of VF progression.
Decrease in Pneumococcal Otitis Media Cultures With Concomitant Increased Antibiotic Susceptibility in the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines Era
Authors: Jabarin Basel , Pitaro Jacob , Lazarovitch Tzilia , Gavriel Haim , Muallem-Kalmovich Limor , Eviatar Ephraim , Marom Tal 
Published: April 2017

Objective:
To study the change in the incidence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) in cultures obtained from children with otitis media (OM) during the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) era.

Study Design:
Retrospective.

Setting:
Secondary medical care center.

Patients:
Children less than 8 years who presented with OM and had positive pneumococcal cultures during January 1, 2007 to December 12, 2014 were identified. Data recorded included demographics, preadmission antibiotics, culture source, and antibiotic susceptibility tests. We compared the pre-PCV years (2007–2008) with the transition years (2009–2011) and the post-PCV13 years (2012–2014).

Interventions:
PCV7 (2009), PCV13 (2010), therapeutic.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Annual rate of Spn cultures, antibiotic susceptibility patterns.

Results:
We identified 134 children (76 boys, 57%) who contributed 162 pneumococcal cultures. There was a downward trend in the annual incidence rate of Spn cultures between the pre-PCV years, transition years, and post-PCV13 years: 11.12, 8.48, and 4.11/1000 hospitalized children/year, respectively (p = 0.08, p = 0.04). Had there been no interventions, and based on the 2007 to 2009 average, the observed over the expected Spn cultures ratio rates for 2010 to 2014 were 0.59, 0.45, 0.40, 0.40, and 0.25, respectively. In parallel, the susceptibility of Spn strains to four commonly tested antibiotics significantly increased from the pre-PCV years to the transition years and the post-PCV13 years. In each period, Spn strains were penicillin sensitive in 37, 51, and 100%; for erythromycin, 46, 71, and 82%; for trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, 32, 71, and 97%; and for ceftriaxone, 95, 96, and 100%, respectively.

Conclusion:
The introduction of PCVs significantly decreased the incidence rate of pneumococcal OM, and increased Spn susceptibility to common antibiotics.
Current Management Practices in Ménière's Disease
Authors: Clyde Joseph W. , Oberman Benjamin S. , Isildak Huseyin 
Published: April 2017

Objective:
To evaluate current trends in managing Ménière's disease (MD) by both general otolaryngologists and otologists/neurotologists and discuss treatment modalities.

Study Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Survey of physicians.

Subjects and Methods:
An electronic questionnaire was disseminated to all members of American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS).

Results:
Eight hundred and sixty members replied for a response rate of 14.5% for generalists and 35% for neurotologists. Thirty-nine percent of respondents think that diet and lifestyle changes are effective in controlling symptoms in more than 50% of their MD patients. Overall, 72.8% of respondents used hydrochlorothiazide/triamterene (HCTZ/TAT) “often” or “always” with neurotologists using HCTZ/TAT more often than generalists (p < 0.001). Half of neurotologists used IT steroids “often” or “always,” compared with only 10% of generalists (p < 0.001). Endolymphatic sac procedures are the most common surgeries and are used more often by neurotologists than by generalists (p < 0.001). The Medtronic Meniett device is used more by neurotologists (p < 0.001) but it is not commonly used overall (69.2% “never” use).

Conclusion:
Many options are available for the treatment of MD. Neurotologists tend to use a wider variety of medications in their treatment protocols than generalists. Neurotologists tend to perform surgical interventions more frequently than generalists. Our evidence shows significant heterogeneity for treatment of Ménière's disease among otolaryngologists. A guideline that outlines appropriate therapeutic options, dosing, and treatment escalation is warranted.