bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of lncRNA MIR31HG Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells
Authors: Jin Chanyuan , Jia Lingfei , Huang Yiping , Zheng Yunfei , Du Ning , Liu Yunsong , Zhou Yongsheng 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Osteogenic differentiation and bone formation is suppressed under condition of inflammation induced by proinflammation cytokines. A number of studies indicate miRNAs play a significant role in tumor necrosis factor-α-induced inhibition of bone formation, but whether long non-coding RNAs are also involved in this process remains unknown. In this study, we evaluated the role of MIR31HG in osteogenesis of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) in vitro and in vivo. The results suggested that knockdown of MIR31HG not only significantly promoted osteogenic differentiation, but also dramatically overcame the inflammation-induced inhibition of osteogenesis in hASCs. Mechanistically, we found MIR31HG regulated bone formation and inflammation via interacting with NF-κB. The p65 subunit bound to the MIR31HG promoter and promoted MIR31HG expression. In turn, MIR31HG directly interacted with IκBα and participated in NF-κB activation, which builds a regulatory circuitry with NF-κB. Targeting this MIR31HG–NF-κB regulatory loop may be helpful to improve the osteogenic capacity of hASCs under inflammatory microenvironment in bone tissue engineering.
Automation and human expertise in operational river forecasting
Authors: Pagano Thomas C. , Pappenberger Florian , Wood Andrew W. , Ramos Maria‐Helena , Persson Anders , Anderson Brett 
Published: June 2016

Increased automation and use of computer‐aided decision support systems are attractive options for hydrologic forecasting agencies faced with growing product complexity and institutional resourcing pressures. Although the hydrologic literature has been nearly silent on the roles of expertise and automation in forecasting, other disciplines such as meteorology have had decades of open discussion on the topic. To address the lack of dialogue in hydrology on automation, this article seeks to contextualize relevant findings from similar disciplines, including meteorology, psychology, decision support systems, and interface design. We predict which aspects of operational hydrology have the greatest chance for successfully increasing automation in the near future. Some applications have employed higher levels of automation, notably flash flood forecasting which requires rapid response times, and extended prediction which requires heavy emphasis on uncertainty quantification. Short‐range flood forecasting may be more challenging to automate and traditionally has been less automated than other types of forecasts, partly because of existing practices of interfacing with meteorologists and water system operators, and the difficulties in modeling human impacts on the water cycle. Overall, we suggest that the design of computer‐aided decision support systems for forecasting systems should consider three factors: (1) processes change under automation and people may require new roles; (2) automation changes the way people behave, sometimes negatively; and (3) people may not have accurate perceptions of the quality of the automated guidance. Seven lessons learned from automation in meteorology are highlighted and translated into a hydrologic forecasting context, leading to a set of recommendations for how to make best use of expertise in increasingly automated systems. WIREs Water 2016, 3:692–705. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1163This article is categorized under:

Engineering Water > Methods
Science of Water > Water Extremes
A novel social contact graph‐based routing strategy for workload and throughput fairness in delay tolerant networks
Authors: Le Tuan , Kalantarian Haik , Gerla Mario 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDelay‐tolerant networks are sparse mobile ad hoc networks in which there is typically no complete path between the source and destination. Although many routing schemes for delay‐tolerant networks have been proposed, they do not address fairness issues in terms of the workload/traffic handled at each node and the share of throughput among different destination nodes. In this paper, we propose a socially aware routing strategy that optimizes both fairness and throughput. A relay node is selected based on the multi‐hop delivery probability and its queue length. The effect of queue length control is to divert traffic away from highly connected nodes and allows nodes to explore less‐congested paths to the destination. This helps balance the network loads, thus achieving workload fairness. Furthermore, to achieve throughput fairness, we sort arriving messages into different destination‐based queues. Messages are then scheduled following a two‐level forwarding strategy that optimizes throughput fairness using round‐robin and delivery ratio using priority scheduling. Extensive real‐trace‐driven simulation results show that our scheme outperforms existing algorithms in terms of the delivery ratio. Furthermore, our scheme achieves a high throughput fairness, while distributing the network loads more evenly, with the top 10% of network nodes handling only 22% of the forwardings. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Where are we in the study of animal emotions?
Authors: de Vere Amber J. , Kuczaj Stan A. 
Published: June 2016

The study of emotion is rife with debate over issues as fundamental as how to define emotion, and such disputes are particularly common in the nonhuman animal emotion literature. Here, we seek to address some of these issues, especially in terms of how they relate to animal research. Definitional issues are prevalent; clear definitions are often not given of crucial terms, including ‘emotion,’ and even where provided, such terms may be used inconsistently throughout a single paper. Further disagreement over the structure of emotions, and the nature of conscious experiences involved, leads to consistent differences in authors’ criteria for emotions. We concur with those who believe that animals experience emotions and believe that animal emotions should be studied in their own right, not only as they compare to those of humans. We also propose several avenues for future research that we believe will further our understanding of animal emotions. First, the use of multiple measurement methods to assess emotional responses is most likely to provide the information necessary to distinguish between various states and opens the field to more research in harder‐to‐study species, such as marine mammals. Second, researchers should also endeavor to increase the range of emotions studied, particularly positive ones, in order to move toward a more balanced range of studied states. Finally, we believe that several aspects of personality research would prove beneficial to the study of animal emotions, particularly the distinction between trait and state emotion and the use of the rating method. WIREs Cogn Sci 2016, 7:354–362. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1399This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Comparative Psychology
Psychology > Emotion and Motivation
Verifying the Blade Element Momentum Method in unsteady, radially varied, axisymmetric loading using a vortex ring model
Authors: Yu Wei , Ferreira Carlos Simao , van Kuik Gijs , Baldacchino Daniel 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAlthough the Blade Element Momentum method has been derived for the steady conditions, it is used for unsteady conditions by using corrections of engineering dynamic inflow models. Its applicability in these cases is not yet fully verified. In this paper, the validity of the assumptions of quasi‐steady state and annuli independence of the blade element momentum theory for unsteady, radially varied, axi‐symmetric load cases is investigated. Firstly, a free wake model that combines a vortex ring model with a semi‐infinite cylindrical vortex tube was developed and applied to an actuator disc in three load cases: (i) steady uniform and radially varied, (ii) two types of unsteady uniform load and (iii) unsteady radially varied load. Results from the three cases were compared with Momentum Theory and also with two widely used engineering dynamic inflow models—the Pitt‐Peters and the Øye for the unsteady load cases. For unsteady load, the free wake vortex ring model predicts different hysteresis loops of the velocity at the disc or local annuli, and different aerodynamic work from the engineering dynamic inflow models. Given that the free wake vortex ring model is more physically representative, the results indicate that the engineering dynamic inflow models should be improved for unsteady loaded rotor, especially for radially varied unsteady loads. © 2016 The Authors. Wind Energy Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The reverse control of irreversible biological processes
Authors: Cho Kwang‐Hyun , Joo Jae Il , Shin Dongkwan , Kim Dongsan , Park Sang‐Min 
Published: June 2016

Most biological processes have been considered to be irreversible for a long time, but some recent studies have shown the possibility of their reversion at a cellular level. How can we then understand the reversion of such biological processes? We introduce a unified conceptual framework based on the attractor landscape, a molecular phase portrait describing the dynamics of a molecular regulatory network, and the phenotype landscape, a map of phenotypes determined by the steady states of particular output molecules in the attractor landscape. In this framework, irreversible processes involve reshaping of the phenotype landscape, and the landscape reshaping causes the irreversibility of processes. We suggest reverse control by network rewiring which changes network dynamics with constant perturbation, resulting in the restoration of the original phenotype landscape. The proposed framework provides a conceptual basis for the reverse control of irreversible biological processes through network rewiring. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2016, 8:366–377. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1346This article is categorized under:

Biological Mechanisms > Regulatory Biology
Intraoperative Neuromonitoring in Thyroid Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Malik Rhea , Linos Dimitrios 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the efficacy of intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring (IONM) in preventing recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (RLNP) during thyroid surgery. When IONM results in false positives, it seeks to evaluate contributing factors. A systematic review was conducted gauging the predictive power of neuromonitoring in determining RLN function intraoperatively, its reductions of temporary and permanent RLNP rates, and surgeons’ response to the technology. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed were searched for RLN monitoring in thyroid surgery following a set of inclusion/exclusion criteria. Seventeen studies comparing thyroid surgery with and without IONM were reviewed, including 30,926 patients. Selected studies were pooled to gage the predictive power. Mean specificity of IONM in identifying functional nerves was 90.24 % among 7366 nerves at risk (NAR). However, mean positive predictive power (PPP) was low, and both specificity and PPP varied substantially when stratified by risk levels. Among the pooled studies focusing on IONM efficacy—there were 44,575 NAR, of which (57.98 %) were operated on with IONM and 18,732 (42.02 %) without (control). The rates of overall RLNP per NAR were 3.18 and 3.83 % for the IONM group and control, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference between IONM and control, a conclusion supported by qualitative analysis from many individual studies. IONM is not recommended as the standard of care for thyroidectomies. Low PPP of IONM and complications associated with IONM‐assisted thyroidectomies may be attributed to either the absence of a standardized negative‐signal cutoff value or injury from intubation.
Patterns of congenital bony spinal deformity and associated neural anomalies on X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Trenga Anthony P. , Singla Anuj , Feger Mark A. , Abel Mark F. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose Congenital malformations of the bony vertebral column are often accompanied by spinal cord anomalies; these observations have been reinforced with the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We hypothesized that the incidence of cord anomalies will increase as the number and complexity of bony vertebral abnormalities increases. Methods All patients aged ≤13 years ( n = 75) presenting to the pediatric spine clinic from 2003−2013 with congenital bony spinal deformity and both radiographs and MRI were analyzed retrospectively for bone and neural pathology. Chi-squared analysis was used to compare groups for categorical dependent variables. Independent t tests were used for continuous dependent variables. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results Fifty-five percent of congenital spine deformity patients ( n = 41) had associated spinal cord anomalies on MRI. Complex bony abnormalities had a higher incidence of cord anomalies than simple abnormalities (67, 37 %; p = 0.011). Mixed deformities of segmentation and formation had a higher incidence of cord anomalies (73 %) than failures of formation (50 %) or segmentation (45 %) alone ( p = 0.065). Deformities in the sacrococcygeal area had the highest rate of spinal cord anomalies (13 of 15 patients, 87 %). In 35 cases (47 %), MRI revealed additional bony anomalies that were not seen on the radiographs. Conclusions As the number of bony malformations increased, we found a higher incidence of cord anomalies. Clinicians should have increased suspicion of spinal cord pathology in the presence of mixed failures of segmentation and formation.
Combined sacrospinous hysteropexy and cystopexy using a single anterior incision
Authors: Petruzzelli Paolo , Chiadò Fiorio Tin Michela , Cosma Stefano , Parisi Silvia , Garofalo Anna , Todros Tullia 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the safety, efficacy, and feasibility of a minimally invasive vaginal approach for treating advanced utero‐vaginal prolapse.MethodsA prospective study enrolled consecutive patients attending the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Turin University for treatment of Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP‐Q) stage III of higher symptomatic utero‐vaginal prolapse between February 1, 2013 and November 30, 2014. Participants underwent a combined sacrospinous hysteropexy and cystopexy procedure using a single anterior vaginal incision. Surgical procedures were performed by one of two surgeons, either an experienced senior surgeon or a resident surgeon under supervision. POP‐Q staging, patient symptoms, and quality of life were evaluated before and after surgery.ResultsThe present study enrolled 42 patients and 19 (45%) were discharged on the first post‐operative day. The mean operating time was 40.5 ± 10.6 minutes and there was no significant difference in operating time between the two surgeons. With an average follow‐up duration of 13 months, significant post‐surgical improvements were recorded across both POP‐Q anterior (P < 0.001) and apical (P < 0.001) domains, and in both prolapse impact (P < 0.001) and urinary impact (P = 0.001) quality‐of‐life measures; one apical recurrence and no major complications were recorded.ConclusionsCombined sacrospinous hysteropexy and cystopexy through a single incision appears to be a safe and efficacious procedure that was relatively easy for surgeons to learn and resulted in a fast post‐surgical recovery.
Understanding Orgasmic Difficulty in Women
Authors: Rowland David L. , Kolba Tiffany N. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Women's primary issue with the orgasmic phase is usually difficulty reaching orgasm.

Aims
To identify predictors of orgasmic difficulty in women within the context of a partnered sexual experience; to assess the relation between orgasmic difficulty and self-reported levels of sexual desire or interest and arousal in women; and to assess the interrelations among three dimensions of orgasmic response during partnered sex: self-reported time to reach orgasm, general difficulty or ease of reaching orgasm, and level of distress or concern.

Methods
Drawing from a community-based sample using the Internet, 866 women were queried on a 26-item survey regarding their difficulty reaching orgasm during partnered sex. Four hundred sixteen women who indicated difficulty also responded to items assessing arousal and desire difficulties, level of distress about their condition, and their estimated time to reach orgasm.

Main Outcome Measures
Answers to a 26-item survey on surveyed women's difficulty reaching orgasm during partnered sex.

Results
Age, arousal difficulty, and lubrication difficulty predicted difficulty reaching orgasm in the overall sample. In the subsample of women reporting difficulty, approximately half reported issues with arousal. Women with arousal problems reported greater difficulty reaching orgasm but did not differ from those without arousal problems on measurements of orgasm latency or levels of distress. Slightly more than half the women experiencing difficulty reaching orgasm were distressed by their condition; distressed women reported greater difficulty reaching orgasm and longer latencies to orgasm than non-distressed counterparts. They also reported lower satisfaction with their sexual relationship.

Conclusion
This study indicates the importance of assessing multiple parameters when investigating orgasmic problems in women, including arousal issues, levels of distress, and latency to orgasm. Results also clarify that women with arousal problems do not differ substantially from those without arousal problems; in contrast, women distressed by their condition differ from non-distressed women along some critical dimensions. Although orgasmic problems decreased with age, the overall relation of this variable to distress, arousal, and latency to orgasm was essentially unchanged across age groups.
Demystifying Poststroke Pain: From Etiology to Treatment
Authors: Treister Andrew K. , Hatch Maya N. , Cramer Steven C. , Chang Eric Y. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPain after stroke is commonly reported but often incompletely managed, which prevents optimal recovery. This situation occurs in part because of the esoteric nature of poststroke pain and its limited presence in current discussions of stroke management. The major specific afflictions that affect patients with stroke who experience pain include central poststroke pain, complex regional pain syndrome, and pain associated with spasticity and shoulder subluxation. Each disorder carries its own intricacies that require specific approaches to treatment and understanding. This review aims to present and clarify the major pain syndromes that affect patients who have experienced a stroke in order to aid in their diagnosis and treatment.
Transforaminal Epidural Blood Patches for the Treatment of Postsurgical Dural Leaks: Two Case Reports
Authors: Goodman Bradly , Vallabhaneni Sridhar , Cubitt Bradley , Mallempati Srinivas 
Published: June 2016

AbstractUnintended dural punctures with leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are recognized as a frequent complication of spinal surgery. Although conservative or invasive options may be used to treat postoperative CSF leaks, the existing literature does not define either an algorithmic treatment approach or a universally accepted standard of care. We believe that a transforaminal epidural blood patch (EBP) can serve as a minimally invasive, cost‐effective option to treat postsurgical CSF leaks that do not resolve with conservative management. We have performed an EBP via the transforaminal route to treat postsurgical CSF leaks in both the cervical and lumbar spine. The first case describes a patient who underwent an anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion with a complication of profuse CSF leakage. The application of a cervical transforaminal EBP at the levels of surgical repair was effective in stopping the dural leak. The second case involves a patient who experienced classic positional spinal headaches after a lumbar hemilaminectomy and diskectomy. After utilization of lumbar transforaminal EBPs, his symptoms revolved. This article presents the potential use of an EBP via the transforaminal route to treat postsurgical dural leaks in both the cervical and lumbar region.Level of EvidenceV
Ultrasonographic Evaluation and Feasibility of Posterosuperior Internal Impingement Syndrome: A Case Series
Authors: Do Hyun‐Kyung , Lim Jae‐Young 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPosterosuperior impingement (PSI) is an underdiagnosed cause of posterior shoulder pain and should be differentiated from classic and external impingement. PSI involves the internal impingement of soft tissues, including the undersurface of the rotator cuff against the posterosuperior labrum when the arm is brought into abduction and external rotation (ABER). Ultrasonography (US) can be useful in the assessment of PSI because of its high resolution and ability to perform during dynamic maneuvers in ABER. This series of 3 cases illustrates the feasibility of US in the evaluation of PSI when the history and physical examination implicate this condition.Level of EvidenceV
Psychosis Following an Increase in Intrathecal Baclofen
Authors: Maneyapanda Mithra B. , Driver Sangeeta Patel , Ripley David L. , Lloyd Robert , Brkic Nenad 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBaclofen is a commonly used medication to treat spasticity in neurologic disorders. In the traumatic brain injury (TBI) population, the intrathecal administration of baclofen is often preferred over oral administration due to cognitive side effects. Here we report on a case of a psychotic episode following an increase in intrathecal baclofen in a young man with a history of a TBI. Although intrathecal baclofen is commonly used and is generally well tolerated, this case highlights an important potential effect of intrathecal baclofen that has rarely been reported in the literature.Level of EvidenceV
The Judicialization of Politics in Taiwan
Authors: LIN Chien-Chih 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe judicialization of politics in Taiwan is particularly evident in three domains: the expansion of judicial power, a shift in political equilibrium, and litigation for social change. Yet it is not altogether clear why politicians and social groups are willing to transfer decision-making powers from the political branches to the judiciary, particularly the Constitutional Court. This paper endeavours to fill this academic lacuna by suggesting that the judicialization of politics occurs in Taiwan because both politicians and citizens choose the judiciary as another agent to implement their preferred policies. Nevertheless, Taiwan does not become a juristocracy and, indeed, the pace of the judicialization has slowed down since the second party turnover. The development of the judicialization of politics in Taiwan may shed new light on many old topics, such as judicial supremacy and the relationship between judicial power and political uncertainty.