bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proposing a framework of barriers to opening government data in China
Authors: Huang Ruhua , Lai Tong , Zhou Lihong 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
This paper reports on a critical literature review, which aimed to identify, understand and qualify barriers that hinder the release of open government data (OGD) in China. Moreover, the purpose of this paper is to develop and propose a theoretical framework, which can be adopted as a basis for empirical investigation in the future, and to articulate mitigating strategies.

Design/methodology/approach
This study adopted an inductive qualitative approach, retrieving 42 academic articles from three main Chinese academic databases: CNKI, Wanfang and CQVIP. A thematic analysis approach was employed for the literature analysis.

Findings
The literature analysis pointed to 15 barriers to the release of OGD in China. Furthermore, the barriers emerged in the following three main themes: institutional barriers, data integrity and quality barriers, and user participation barriers.

Originality/value
This paper reports on one of the early research efforts into the problems of releasing OGD in China. Although this study focusses on Chinese context and issues, the findings and lessons learnt can be shared across international borders.
User search terms and controlled subject vocabularies in an institutional repository
Authors: Hanrath Scott , Radio Erik 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the search behavior of institutional repository (IR) users in regard to subjects as a means of estimating the potential impact of applying a controlled subject vocabulary to an IR.

Design/methodology/approach
Google Analytics data were used to record cases where users arrived at an IR item page from an external web search and subsequently downloaded content. Search queries were compared against the Faceted Application of Subject Terminology (FAST) schema to determine the topical nature of the queries. Queries were also compared against the item’s metadata values for title and subject using approximate string matching to determine the alignment of the queries with current metadata values.

Findings
A substantial portion of successful user search queries to an IR appear to be topical in nature. User search queries matched values from FAST at a higher rate than existing subject metadata. Increased attention to subject description in IR records may provide an opportunity to improve the search visibility of the content.

Research limitations/implications
The study is limited to a particular IR. Data from Google Analytics does not provide comprehensive search query data.

Originality/value
The study presents a novel method for analyzing user search behavior to assist IR managers in determining whether to invest in applying controlled subject vocabularies to IR content.
Co-marketing alliances: definitions and approaches. Insights from a literature review
Authors: Grieco Cecilia , Iasevoli Gennaro 
Published: July 2017

PurposeCo-marketing strategies play an important role in enabling firms to improve their competitive position. However, despite its increasing implementation, it remains a topic that is largely not researched. The purpose of this paper is to analyze existing contributions to the field of co-marketing research and the different perspectives scholars have adopted in analyzing the topic.Design/methodology/approachA literature review has been developed, as its lack seems to be a major hindrance to the development of related studies. A specific focus has been made on the adopted approaches. Five approaches have been identified, and multidimensional scaling (MDS) has been used to analyze the differences among them.FindingsFirst, the analysis of the typologies of studies on co-marketing alliances is made. Also, the identified approaches are strategic-based, consumer-based, relational-based, specificity-based and evaluation-based. What emerges from the MDS is that there are two perspectives of analysis of the alliance that characterize them: the inside–outside and the wide–narrow points of view.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations are mostly referred to the methodologies and the level of subjectivity they imply. For example, they are not only the choices made concerning keywords to be used and, consequently, the articles included in the analysis, but also the MDS that offers broad autonomy to the researchers in interpreting the data.Originality/valueThe originality of this research is that it fills an emerged gap concerning a literature review on co-marketing alliances, supporting future research in this field of study. The identification of the approaches underlines what may be lacking, providing interesting insights on possible avenues for future research.
How India can be essential to the global ecosystem economy
Authors: Agrawal Namit , Banda Madhuri , Marshall Anthony , Mehrotra Nipun , Patrao Clifford 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
Outlines why India is poised to be a key partner in the global ecosystem economy

Design/methodology/approach
Researches the advantage India has and the steps it is taking to make itself a leaders in ecosystem businesses.

Findings
54 percent of Indian executives expect ecosystems to replace traditional value chains with new value models. and 92 percent expect to change primary organizational activities due to the emergence of ecosystems.

Practical implications
To maximize and capture benefits from ecosystems, business, educational and government leaders can pursue three key steps to participate in rapidly emerging Indian business ecosystems.

Originality/value
This study puts together both the corporate and governmental actions that promote the right conditions for ecosystem entrepreneurship so that potential partners have a unique view of the opportunities to participate in this rapidly changing economy.
Two strategies for innovating in the face of market disruption
Authors: Leavy Brian 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
This Masterclass considers the lessons of two recent important books have contrasting but complementary insights to offer to company leaders and strategists on how to improve the odds for developing successful innovations in response to game changes in markets.”

Design/methodology/approach
In Dual Transformation: How to Reposition Today’s Business While Creating the Future (2017), disruptive innovation experts, Scott Anthony, Clark Gilbert and Mark Johnson offer corporate leaders a “dual transformation” template for simultaneously repositioning the traditional core business in the face of disruptive change, while also creating new businesses to harness the growth potential typically unlocked by such disruption. In The Power of Little Ideas: A Low-Risk, High-Reward Approach to Innovation (2017), innovation guru, David Robertson, and his collaborator, Kent Lineback, offer companies a “third way” for coping with historic market inflections by innovating around a core product to make it more compelling, rather than having to choose between attempting the radical or incremental innovation of the product itself.

Findings
The most powerful message that both books featured in this masterclass have to offer is that while it may be true, as they go on to observe, that large companies can’t innovate faster than the market, they can learn “to innovate better than the market,” through more imaginative use of legacy products, platforms and assets.

Practical implications
A “third way” to cope with market disruption is based on innovating around the core product, by surrounding it with a set of complementary innovations, rather than re-featuring the product itself. All of the complementary innovations operate together with the product “as a system or family to satisfy a compelling promise to the customer.”

Originality/value
Both Dual Transformation and The Power of Little Ideas, present different, but far from mutually exclusive, innovation strategies that can help many more great companies to survive disruptive competition.
Harbour seals avoid tidal turbine noise: Implications for collision risk
Authors: Hastie Gordon D. , Russell Debbie J. F. , Lepper Paul , Elliott Jim , Wilson Ben , Benjamins Steven , Thompson Dave 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Tidal stream energy converters (turbines) are currently being installed in tidally energetic coastal sites. However, there is currently a high level of uncertainty surrounding the potential environmental impacts on marine mammals. This is a key consenting risk to commercial introduction of tidal energy technology. Concerns derive primarily from the potential for injury to marine mammals through collisions with moving components of turbines. To understand the nature of this risk, information on how animals respond to tidal turbines is urgently required.

We measured the behaviour of harbour seals in response to acoustic playbacks of simulated tidal turbine sound within a narrow coastal channel subject to strong, tidally induced currents. This was carried out using data from animal‐borne GPS tags and shore‐based observations, which were analysed to quantify behavioural responses to the turbine sound.

Results showed that the playback state (silent control or turbine signal) was not a significant predictor of the overall number of seals sighted within the channel.

However, there was a localised impact of the turbine signal; tagged harbour seals exhibited significant spatial avoidance of the sound which resulted in a reduction in the usage by seals of between 11% and 41% at the playback location. The significant decline in usage extended to 500 m from the playback location at which usage decreased by between 1% and 9% during playback.

Synthesis and applications. This study provides important information for policy makers looking to assess the potential impacts of tidal turbines and advise on development of the tidal energy industry. Results showing that seals avoid tidal turbine sound suggest that a proportion of seals encountering tidal turbines will exhibit behavioural responses resulting in avoidance of physical injury; in practice, the empirical changes in usage can be used directly as avoidance rates when using collision risk models to predict the effects of tidal turbines on seals. There is now a clear need to measure how marine mammals behave in response to actual operating tidal turbines in the long term to learn whether marine mammals and tidal turbines can coexist safely at the scales currently envisaged for the industry.
Balancing ecological costs and benefits of fire for population viability of disturbance‐dependent butterflies
Authors: Warchola Norah , Crone Elizabeth E. , Schultz Cheryl B. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDisturbance is a fundamental ecological process and driver of population dynamics. Ecologists seek to understand the effects of disturbance on ecological systems and to use disturbance to modify habitats degraded by anthropogenic change. Demographic responses by plants to disturbance are often well described, but demographic responses by animals are less understood. This limits development of applied strategies that leverage disturbance to augment animal populations.We estimated demographic and behavioural responses of an endangered butterfly, Fender's blue,Plebejus icarioides fenderi, to experimental burning in Oregon, USA. We monitored butterfly vital rates for 4 years post‐fire.Prescribed fire killed Fender's blue larvae. However, fecundity was higher relative to reference/unburned areas for 2 years after the burn and overwinter larval survivorship was higher for a year after the burn. Fire treatments did not influence adult movement behaviour.We used matrix models to project butterfly population dynamics in fire‐driven successional landscapes. We compared optimal burn strategies given targeted burns, such as prescribed fire, to undirected burns, such as wildfires. Disturbance enhances population growth rate under both strategies, and the optimal proportion of landscape burned is similar in both cases. However, targeted burning leads to substantially higher population growth rates.Synthesis and applications. Demographic models allow planning of long‐term and large‐scale disturbance by balancing initial costs of disturbance with subsequent benefits. We use matrix models to project population growth in fire‐driven successional landscapes and contrast prescribed burns with undirected burns (wildfires). We also use these models to evaluate the influence of local vs. non‐local dispersal. Because random (non‐local) dispersal allows individuals to disperse into areas that were just burned, non‐local dispersal always increases population growth rates in this system. This contrasts with source‐sink dynamics in stationary environments, in which local dispersal leads to higher population growth rates. Our matrix modelling approach has broad application to other disturbance‐dependent taxa surviving in anthropogenically modified landscapes, and could be more widely applied to animal populations.
Covariation of soil nutrients drives occurrence of exotic and native plant species
Authors: Driscoll Don A. , Strong Craig 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Nutrient enrichment with phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) threatens biodiversity globally, particularly because it drives invasion by exotic plant species. However, the effects of nutrients on plants can interact with other ecosystem processes such as competition and grazing, and these interactions can be scale‐dependent. Furthermore, P and N are often correlated, making it difficult to separate the effects of each.

After implementing a herbivore‐exclusion experiment for 3 years in grassy woodlands, SE Australia, we assessed the relationship of native and exotic plant species with soil nutrients, grazing and spatial scale. Nitrate (NO3), available P and organic carbon (C) were partitioned into two principle components and further divided into plot‐ and site‐level variation.

The correlated components of NO3, P and C (principle component 1) appeared to drive a dominant competitive relationship. Two exotic annual grasses likely out‐competed native and exotic species in areas high in NO3, P and C. In contrast, responses to principle component 2 (gradient from high NO3 to high P) indicated that native and exotic species generally benefitted when NO3 was high relative to P.

Plant–nutrient relationships were further modified by grazing and spatial scale. Native and exotic species benefitted from grazing but did so under specific nutrient regimes. Summed occurrence of exotic species and native richness was reduced in the absence of grazing and high values of NO3 relative to P at site scales, but not at plot scales, suggesting competition is more important at a scale of hundreds of square metres while soil properties are most important at the plot scale (25 m2).

Synthesis and applications. Dividing soil nutrients into uncorrelated principal components showed that niche space for native and exotic plant species is partitioned by positive and negative covariation of nitrate (NO3), phosphorus (P) and carbon (C), and interactions of these soil properties with grazing and spatial scale. Increasing NO3 relative to P could increase species richness, but requires further experimentation to define beneficial concentrations. Native plant richness can be enhanced with adequate levels of grazing by native herbivores and, in the long term, by reducing P from areas enriched with NO3 and P. These actions will help prevent likely competitive dominance by annual exotic grasses.
Furosemide suppresses ileal and colonic contractility via interactions with GABA‐A receptor in mice
Authors: Kaewsaro Kannaree , Nualplub Suparp , Bumrungsri Sara , Khuituan Pissared 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThe loop diuretic furosemide has an action to inhibit Na+–K+–2Cl− co‐transporter at the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop resulting in diuresis. Furosemide also has the non‐diuretic effects by binding to GABA‐A receptor which may involve the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of furosemide on smooth muscle contractions in mice ileum and proximal colon. Each intestinal segment suspended in an organ bath was connected to a force transducer. Signal output of mechanical activity was amplified and recorded for analysis using PowerLab System. After equilibration, the intestine was directly exposed to furosemide, GABA, GABA‐A receptor agonist (muscimol), or muscarinic receptor antagonist (atropine). Furosemide (50, 100 and 500 μmol L−1) acutely reduced the amplitude of ileal and colonic contraction. In the ileum, 1 mmol L−1 GABA and 10‐60 μmol L−1 muscimol significantly increased the amplitude, whereas in the colon, 50‐100 mmol L−1 GABA and 60 μmol L−1 muscimol decreased the contractions. The contractions were also significantly suppressed by atropine. To investigate the mechanisms underlying the inhibiting effect of furosemide, furosemide was added to the organ bath prior to the addition of muscimol or atropine. A comparison of furosemide combined with muscimol or atropine group and furosemide group showed no significant difference of the ileal contraction, but the amplitude of colonic contraction significantly decreased when compared to adding furosemide alone. These results suggest that furosemide can reduce the ileal and proximal colonic contraction mediated by blocking and supporting of GABA‐A receptor, respectively, resulting in decreased acetylcholine release.
Veto player theory and reform making in Western Europe
Authors: ANGELOVA MARIYANA , BÄCK HANNA , MÜLLER WOLFGANG C. , STROBL DANIEL 
Published: July 2017

AbstractVeto player theory generates predictions about governments’ capacity for policy change. Due to the difficulty of identifying significant laws needed to change the policy status quo, evidence about governments’ ability to change policy has been mostly provided for a limited number of reforms and single‐country studies. To evaluate the predictive power of veto player theory for policy making across time, policy areas and countries, a dataset was gathered that incorporates about 5,600 important government reform measures in the areas of social, labour, economic and taxation policy undertaken in 13 Western European countries from the mid‐1980s until the mid‐2000s. Veto player theory is applied in a combined model with other central theoretical expectations on policy change derived from political economy (crisis‐driven policy change) and partisan theory (ideology‐driven policy change). Robust support is found that governments introduce more reform measures when economic conditions are poor and when the government is positioned further away from the policy status quo. No empirical support is found for predictions of veto player theory in its pure form, where no differentiation between government types is made. However, the findings provide support for the veto player theory in the special case of minimal winning cabinets, where the support of all government parties is sufficient (in contrast to minority cabinets) and necessary (in contrast to oversized cabinets) for policy change. In particular, it is found that in minimal winning cabinets the ideological distance between the extreme government parties significantly decreases the government's ability to introduce reforms. These findings improve our understanding of reform making in parliamentary democracies and highlight important issues and open questions for future applications and tests of the veto player theory.
How and when do presidents influence the duration of coalition bargaining in semi‐presidential systems?
Authors: SAVAGE LEE 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHow and when do presidents influence the government formation process in semi‐presidential systems? Presidents have both a formal role and vested interest in the formation of the cabinet, yet their influence has been overlooked in studies of the duration of government formation. In this article, it is argued that the president's influence over government formation can be explained by his or her perceived legitimacy to act in the bargaining process and their partisanship. In this first case, it is argued that the legitimacy to act derives from a president's constitutional powers and more powerful presidents simplify cabinet bargaining, leading to shorter government formation periods. In the second case, it is proposed that presidents and their parties have overlapping preferences. Therefore, when the president's party holds greater bargaining power in government formation negotiations, the bargaining process is less uncertain and less complex. Thus, government formation processes will be shorter. Using survival models and data from 26 European democracies, both propositions are confirmed by the analysis. The results enhance our understanding of the dynamics of cabinet bargaining processes and contribute to the wider study of semi‐presidentialism and executive‐legislative relations. One broader implication of these results is that the president's party affiliation is an important motivation for them as political actors; this contrasts with some previous studies which conceive of presidents as non‐partisan actors.
Characterized cantharidin distribution and related gene expression patterns in tissues of blister beetles, Epicauta chinensis
Authors: Jiang Ming , Lü Shu‐Min , Qi Zi‐Yi , Zhang Ya‐Lin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCantharidin (CTD), a terpenoid defensive toxin mainly produced by blister beetles, is widely known by its toxicity to both cancer cells and pests. However, little information is known about its biosynthesis in blister beetles. In this study, first we determined the CTD content in various tissues of adult blister beetles on different days after mating, and then detected the temporal and spatial expression patterns of genes related to CTD biosynthesis in Epicauta chinensis. Results revealed that the accessory gland is the source of the highest CTD production. The second highest level was in the fat body in male blister beetles after mating. In females, the highest CTD content was in the reproductive system except the ovary after mating. As revealed by messenger RNA expression level analysis, the highest levels of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutary‐CoA reductase (HMGR) and juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase (JHEH) transcripts of E. chinensis were observed in the fat body in males after mating. However, the highest transcript level of EcHMGR was in the ovary and EcJHEH was maintained at a nearly similar level in females. The transcript level of methyl‐farnesoate epoxide was significantly higher in the head and that of CYP4BM1 in the midgut in both male and female E. chinensis. We speculate that the fat body may play a more important role than other tissues on the CTD biosynthesis in male E. chinensis after mating. There may be multiple tissues involved in the process of CTD biosynthesis. These four genes probably play regulatory roles in different tissues in males.
A New Role for IPCC: Balancing Science and Society
Authors: Sanwal Mukul , Wang Can , Wang Bo , Yang Yuan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThere is a new role for global climate policy and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to support national implementation. For keeping within global ecological limits, public debate has shifted from concerns about the reliability of model‐based climate projections to national legislators considering questions of when, where, and how to modify longer term trends. However, modeling remains the essential scientific tool by which the climate problem is defined assuming that society and the economy can be transformed, actually re‐engineered, with relative ease. Inputs from the IPCC to the new governance process, the global ‘stocktake’, suggesting solutions will now influence deliberations between stakeholders, national actions and global cooperation. How best to shape a different science architecture and agenda linking science with both policy and society requires, for example, giving as much importance to reports of multilateral bodies and business consultancies as to peer‐reviewed literature. This paper lays out some ideas how legitimacy can be maintained even as the IPCC recommends policy options and not just advice that is policy relevant.