bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Core–Shell Engineering to Enhance the Spectral Stability of Heterogeneous Luminescent Nanofluids
Authors: Labrador‐Páez Lucía , Pedroni Marco , Smits Krisjanis , Speghini Adolfo , Jaque Francisco , García‐Solé José , Jaque Daniel , Haro‐González Patricia 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe tendency to the miniaturization of devices and the peculiar properties of the nanoparticles have raised the interest of the scientific community in nanoscience. In particular, those systems consisting of nanoparticles dispersed in fluids, known as nanofluids, have made it possible to overcome many technological and scientific challenges, as they show extraordinary properties. In this work, the loss of the spectral stability in heterogeneous luminescent nanofluids is studied revealing the critical role played by the exchange of ions between different nanoparticles. Such ion exchange is favored by changes in the molecular properties of the solvent, making heterogeneous luminescent nanofluids highly unstable against temperature changes. This work demonstrates how both temporal and thermal stabilities of heterogeneous luminescent nanofluids can be substantially improved by core–shell engineering. This simultaneously avoids the leakage of luminescent ions and the effects of the solvent molecular changes.
Coarse and nano emulsions for effective delivery of the natural pest control agent pulegone for stored grain protection
Authors: Golden Gilad , Quinn Elazar , Shaaya Eli , Kostyukovsky Moshe , Poverenov Elena 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDOne of the most significant contributors to the global food crisis is grain loss during storage, mainly caused by pest insects. Currently, there are two main methods used for insect pest control: fumigation and grain protection using contact insecticides. As some chemical insecticides can harm humans and the environment, there is a global tendency to reduce their use by finding alternative eco‐friendly approaches.RESULTSIn this study, the natural pest‐managing agent pulegone was encapsulated into coarse and nano emulsions. The emulsions were characterized using spectroscopic and microscopic methods and their stability and pulegone release ability were examined. The insecticidal activity of the prepared formulations against two stored product insects, rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae L.) and red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum Herbst), was demonstrated. The nano emulsion‐based formulation offered significant advantages and provided powerful bioactivity, with high (> 90%) mortality rates for as long as 5 weeks for both insects, whereas coarse emulsions showed high efficacy for only 1 week.CONCLUSIONThe developed pulegone‐based nano emulsions could serve as a model for an effective alternative method for pest control. Although pulegone is from a natural source, toxicological studies should be performed before the widespread application of pulegone or pulegone‐containing essential oils to dry food products. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
High carbon dioxide concentration and elevated temperature impact the growth of weeds but do not change the efficacy of glyphosate
Authors: Jabran Khawar , Doğan Mehmet Nedim 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDGlobal climate changes may impact the growth and management of weed species. The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of recent climate changes on the growth of weeds and herbicide efficacy. The effects of temperature, carbon dioxide (CO2), and herbicide on growth and control of Bromus tectorum L., Hordeum murinum L., and Lactuca serriola L. were studied. Treatments included: control or ambient environment (CO2 concentration 400–450 ppm; temperature 20/10 °C day/night); elevated temperature (CO2 concentration 400‐450 ppm; temperature 25/15 °C day/night); high CO2 and elevated temperature (CO2 concentration 800‐900 ppm; temperature 25/15 °C day/night); high CO2 (CO2 concentration 800‐900 ppm; temperature 20/10 °C day/night). Glyphosate rates (active ingredient) used in the experiment were: 0 g ha−1 (untreated control); 360 g ha−1; 720 g ha−1; 1080 g ha−1; 1440 g ha−1 (recommended rate), and 2880 g ha−1.RESULTSHigh CO2 concentration and high CO2 concentration plus high temperature improved the biomass and growth parameters of weeds in the studies. In general, high temperature had a neutral, negative or slightly positive effect on the growth of weed species. Climatic conditions did not affect the activity of glyphosate; its application provided equal and effective weed control under both CO2 and temperature levels and their combinations.CONCLUSIONThe positive effect of high CO2 concentration on the growth of weeds does not impact the activity of glyphosate. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Excitation‐Dependent Photoluminescence from Single‐Carbon Dots
Authors: van Dam Bart , Nie Hui , Ju Bo , Marino Emanuele , Paulusse Jos M. J. , Schall Peter , Li Minjie , Dohnalová Katerina 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCarbon dots (CDs) are carbon‐based fluorescent nanoparticles that can exhibit excitation‐dependent photoluminescence (PL) “tunable” throughout the entire visible range, interesting for optoelectronic and imaging applications. The mechanism underlying this tunable emission remains largely debated, most prominently being ascribed to dot‐to‐dot variations that ultimately lead to excitation‐dependent ensemble properties. Here, single‐dot spectroscopy is used to elucidate the origin of the excitation‐dependent PL of CDs. It is demonstrated that already single CDs exhibit excitation‐dependent PL spectra, similar to those of the CD ensemble. The single dots, produced by a facile one‐step synthesis from chloroform and diethylamine, exhibit emission spectra with several characteristic peaks differing in emission peak position and spectral width and shape, indicating the presence of distinct emission sites on the CDs. Based on previous work, these emission sites are related to the sp2 subregions in the carbon core, as well as the functional groups on the surface. These results confirm that it is possible to integrate and engineer different types of electronic transitions at the nanoscale on a single CD, making these CDs even more versatile than organic dyes or inorganic quantum dots and opening up new routes toward light‐emission engineering.
A Microribbon Hybrid Structure of CoOx‐MoC Encapsulated in N‐Doped Carbon Nanowire Derived from MOF as Efficient Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts
Authors: Huang Tan , Chen Yu , Lee Jong‐Min 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDeveloping highly efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution is vital for renewable and sustainable energy production and storage. Herein, nitrogen‐doped carbon encapsulated CoOx‐MoC heterostructures are reported for the first time as high performance oxygen evolution electrocatalysts. The composition can be tuned by the addition of a Mo source to form a nanowire‐assembled hierarchically porous microstructure, which can enlarge the specific surface area, thus exposing more active sites, facilitating mass transport and charge transfer. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the formation of CoOx‐MoC heterostructures and the resulting synergistic effect between MoC and Co facilitate the reaction kinetics, leading to significantly improved oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity with an onset overpotential of merely 290 mV, and a low overpotential of 330 mV to afford a current density of 10 mA cm−2. The well‐constructed microarchitecture contributes to superior long term stability electrochemical behaviors. This work provides a facile strategy via composition tuning and structure optimization for the development of next‐generation nonprecious metal‐based OER electrocatalysts.
Formal verification and quantitative metrics of MPSoC data dynamics
Authors: Zhang Hui , Wu Jinzhao 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Multiprocessor system on chip (MPSoC) implements system functions through tasks. It is necessary to estimate system behaviors early in the design process without actual hardware implementation. As there are a huge variety in freedom of choices in the mapping of tasks, existing researches mainly focus on the schedulability analysis and resource constraints, with a lack of concerning on how data in tasks “behaves” in different schedulings. In practical applications, tasks are achieved by sequential executions of code blocks, which change the variables accordingly. Some variables are shared by all the tasks through global memory, such as public data, critical signals and so on. Changes of these data reflect functions of the system which also deserves attention. Data dynamics can illustrate data changes within a task as well as data exchanges between tasks, and thus can depict scheduling with more detail than just telling whether they can be scheduled. This paper proposes a new formal approach by combing hybrid automata and probabilistic timed automata to model MPSoC data dynamics, describing its real-time scheduling characteristics, concurrency, and probability. Furthermore, we also propose a new quantitative metric for measuring data dynamics named “reach-ratio” to compute the probability, weighted over tasks, of starting a task from which a certain area of the state space can be reached, where the tasks must be started within a time-bound that varies from task to task. The reach-ratio metric, as a supplement of traditional properties such as safety, liveness and fairness, reflects the extent of which the system achieves the intended function at a given scheduling strategy. Case study investigations of our new formal approach provide empirical evidence for MPSoC designers to balance controller policy without hardware implementation.
Protective effect of antirheumatic drugs on dementia in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Judge Andy , Garriga Cesar , Arden Nigel K. , Lovestone Simon , Prieto‐Alhambra Dani , Cooper Cyrus , Edwards Christopher J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntroductionRheumatoid arthritis is a systemic inflammatory disease, and classical disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (cDMARDs) have proven efficacy. It is unknown what impact cDMARDs might have on dementia as an outcome.MethodsIncident diagnoses of rheumatoid arthritis in persons over 18 years from 1995 to 2011 were identified from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink. There were 3876 cDMARD users and were propensity score matched to 1938 nonusers, on a wide range of confounders. Impact on dementia was assessed using survival models.ResultscDMARD users were at reduced risk of dementia (hazard ratio: 0.60; 95% confidence interval: 0.42–0.85). The effect was strongest in methotrexate users (hazard ratio: 0.52; 95% confidence interval; 0.34–0.82).DiscussionThe strong effect of cDMARD use on halving of dementia risk requires replication in a trial and may provide an important therapeutic pharmacological treatment.
Dating Human Settlement in the East-Central Tibetan Plateau during the Late Holocene
Authors: Ren LeLe , Dong GuangHui , Li HaiMing , Rhode Dave , Flad Rowan K. , Li GuoQiang , Yang Ying , Wang ZhongXin , Cai LinHai , Ren XiaoYan , Zhang DongJu , Chen FaHu 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRecent multidisciplinary research indicates that prehistoric agriculture innovation promoted permanent human settlements of areas up to 3400 m above sea level (asl) in the northern Tibetan Plateau, but when and how ancient humans extensively occupied areas above that altitude remains uncertain. In this paper, we investigated 12 archaeological sites situated above 3600 m asl in the Yushu autonomous prefecture, east-central Tibetan Plateau, to explore this issue. We determined the ages of five sites using the radiocarbon (14C) dating method and identified animal bones sampled from three sites. The dating results show that humans occasionally occupied the Yushu area around 900 BC, and permanently inhabited the area between AD 540 and 1620. Preliminary faunal identifications indicate human-raised livestock including yak, sheep, and horse during the latter period. Stone-constructed tombs and rock painting were found at some investigated sites, suggesting humans perhaps engaged in a pastoral lifestyle during the very late Holocene in the high altitude Yushu area, where nomadic livestock production remains the current primary subsistence strategy focus.
Social network type and informal care use in later life: a comparison of three Dutch birth cohorts aged 75–84
Authors: SUANET BIANCA , BROESE VAN GROENOU MARJOLEIN I. , VAN TILBURG THEO G. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTRecent societal changes have increased the salience of non-kin relationships. It can be questioned whether network types that are more strongly non-kin-based give more informal care nowadays. We study how informal care use differs according to network type for three birth cohorts. Data from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA) on older adults aged 75–84 years, interviewed in 1992, 2002 and 2012, respectively (total sample size N = 2,151, analytical sample having functional limitations N = 926). We found four network types: restricted, family-focused with a partner, family-focused without a partner and wider community-focused diverse networks. Wider community-focused diverse networks are more common in the late birth cohort, whereas restricted networks and family-focused networks without a partner are less common. Logistic regression analyses reveal that those in a family-focused network with a partner use informal care more often than those in the other three network types, and insignificant interaction terms show that this does not differ by birth cohort. Irrespective of their network type, those in the late birth cohort use informal care less often. However, after controlling for need, predisposing and context factors, this cohort-difference is no longer significant. We conclude that despite large-scale societal changes, wider community-focused diverse networks do not provide more informal care than before and that among the functionally impaired, the odds of receiving informal care does not decline across birth cohorts.
Football and Public Opinion: A Partial Replication and Extension
Authors: Busby Ethan C. , Druckman James N. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDo events irrelevant to politics, such as the weather and sporting events, affect political opinions? A growing experimental literature suggests that such events can matter. However, extant experimental evidence may over-state irrelevant event effects; this could occur if these studies happen to focus on particular scenarios where irrelevant event effects are likely to occur. One way to address this possibility is through replication, which is what we do. Specifically, we replicate an experimental study that showed the outcome of a college football game can influence presidential approval. Our results partially replicate the previous study and suggest the impact is constrained to a limited set of outcome variables. The findings accentuate the need for scholars to identify the conditions under which irrelevant effects occur. While the effects clearly can occur, there relevance to politics remains unclear.
Neue Konzepte und Belege zu den Einsatzmöglichkeiten des AID in der Entwicklungs- und Pädagogischen Psychologie
Authors: Kubinger Klaus D. 
Published: November 2017

Zusammenfassung. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden neben einer Wiederholung der seit mehreren Jahrzehnten bekannten Vorzüge der Intelligenz-Testbatterie AID (Adaptives Intelligenz Diagnostikum) neue Konzepte und Befunde vorgestellt, die über die Berichte der aktuellen Auflage (AID 3; Kubinger & Holocher-Ertl, 2014 ) hinausgehen: Neue „Technologie“ beim Einsatz des AID, neue inhaltliche Konzepte und neue Befunde zu den Einsatzmöglichkeiten des AID sind dabei die wesentlichen Themen. Mit der Software AID_3_tailored ist es nunmehr möglich, die adaptive Vorgabestrategie des AID noch zu optimieren, so dass in den meisten Untertests durchschnittlich drei bis vier Aufgaben von 15 eingespart werden können; dabei dient der Computer (Note- bzw. Netbook) nur zur Unterstützung der Testleiter_innen, für die Testperson erfolgt die Testadministration wie gewohnt und bewährt. Schritt für Schritt wird mit dem AID versucht, die inhaltlichen Einkleidungen bei den einzelnen Aufgabenstellungen so zu gestalten, wie sie für die gegenwärtige multikulturell-internationalisierte Gesellschaft eines sehr weitgesteckten geografischen Raums passen; das jüngste Produkt ist eine englische Version des AID, eben mit Aufgabeninhalten, die international (betreffs England und Deutschland/Österreich) nachweislich gleichwertig sind. Im Vergleich zu den Wechsler Intelligenz-Testbatterien erwies sich die Testbatterie AID in Bezug auf die Differenziertheit des Testprofils, d. h. der Varianz der Testergebnisse einer Person zwischen den einzelnen Untertests, als deutlich besser; geht es um förderungsorientierte Diagnostik, kann also mit dem AID facettenreicher zwischen intraindividuellen Stärken und Schwächen unterschieden werden.
Lehrer_in werden?!
Authors: Köller Michaela M. , Aldrup Karen , Klusmann Uta 
Published: November 2017

Zusammenfassung. Am Lehramt interessierten Abiturient_innen wird in vielen Bundesländern empfohlen, ihre Studienwahl anhand von Selbsterkundungsverfahren zu überprüfen. Diese Verfahren basieren auf Interessen- und Persönlichkeitstests und sollen Informationen vermitteln sowie eine Rückmeldung über die individuelle Passung zum Lehramtsstudiengang bzw. Lehrerberuf geben. Das Ziel ist, dass möglichst nur die geeigneten ein Lehramtsstudium aufnehmen. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht, inwieweit das lehramtsspezifische Selbsterkundungsverfahren Career Counselling for Teachers (CCT) seine Informations- und Selektionsfunktion im Vergleich zu studienfachübergreifenden Verfahren und einer allgemeinen Studieninformation erfüllt und welchen subjektiven Nutzen Schüler_innen aus der Bearbeitung ziehen. Im Rahmen einer experimentellen Studie wurden 187 Schüler_innen der gymnasialen Oberstufe untersucht. Varianzanalysen zeigen, dass CCT weniger Informationen über Zugänge zu Studiengängen bot als die übrigen Selbsterkundungsverfahren und negativer bewertet wurde als die allgemeine Studieninformation. Mit Blick auf Informationen über die individuelle Passung zur beruflichen Umwelt und die positive Bewertung der Verfahren zeigten sich bei Abiturient_innen mit einem hohen Interesse am Lehrerberuf keine Unterschiede zwischen den Verfahren. Allerdings gewannen diejenigen mit eher niedrigem Interesse mehr Informationen durch die studienfachübergreifenden Verfahren und bewerteten die übrigen Instrumente positiver als CCT. Darüber hinaus fühlten sich Personen in ihren Studienwünschen bestätigt, wenn sie eine positive Eignungsrückmeldung im CCT erhalten hatten – unabhängig vom Interesse am Lehramtsstudium. Eine Überprüfung des Studienwunsches bei einer negativen Rückmeldung fand hingegen nur bei Personen mit einem hohen Interesse statt.
Suppression of SRCAP chromatin remodelling complex and restriction of lymphoid lineage commitment by Pcid2
Authors: Ye Buqing , Liu Benyu , Yang Liuliu , Huang Guanling , Hao Lu , Xia Pengyan , Wang Shuo , Du Ying , Qin Xiwen , Zhu Pingping , Wu Jiayi , Sakaguchi Nobuo , Zhang Junyan , Fan Zusen 
Published: November 2017

AbstractLymphoid lineage commitment is an important process in haematopoiesis, which forms the immune system to protect the host from pathogen invasion. However, how multipotent progenitors (MPP) switch into common lymphoid progenitors (CLP) or common myeloid progenitors (CMP) during this process remains elusive. Here we show that PCI domain-containing protein 2 (Pcid2) is highly expressed in MPPs. Pcid2 deletion in the haematopoietic system causes skewed lymphoid lineage specification. In MPPs, Pcid2 interacts with the Zinc finger HIT-type containing 1 (ZNHIT1) to block Snf2-related CREBBP activator protein (SRCAP) activity and prevents the deposition of histone variant H2A.Z and transcription factor PU.1 to key lymphoid fate regulator genes. Furthermore, Znhit1 deletion also abrogates H2A/H2A.Z exchange in MPPs. Thus Pcid2 controls lymphoid lineage commitment through the regulation of SRCAP remodelling activity.
The industrial anaerobe Clostridium acetobutylicum uses polyketides to regulate cellular differentiation
Authors: Herman Nicolaus A. , Kim Seong Jong , Li Jeffrey S. , Cai Wenlong , Koshino Hiroyuki , Zhang Wenjun 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPolyketides are an important class of bioactive small molecules valued not only for their diverse therapeutic applications, but also for their role in controlling interesting biological phenotypes in their producing organisms. While numerous polyketides are known to be derived from aerobic organisms, only a single family of polyketides has been identified from anaerobic organisms. Here we uncover a family of polyketides native to the anaerobic bacteriumClostridium acetobutylicum, an organism well-known for its historical use as an industrial producer of the organic solvents acetone, butanol, and ethanol. Through mutational analysis and chemical complementation assays, we demonstrate that these polyketides act as chemical triggers of sporulation and granulose accumulation in this strain. This study represents a significant addition to the body of work demonstrating the existence and importance of polyketides in anaerobes, and showcases a strategy of manipulating the secondary metabolism of an organism to improve traits relevant for industrial applications.
First-principles prediction of high-entropy-alloy stability
Authors: Feng Rui , Liaw Peter K. , Gao Michael C. , Widom Michael 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHigh entropy alloys (HEAs) are multicomponent compounds whose high configurational entropy allows them to solidify into a single phase, with a simple crystal lattice structure. Some HEAs exhibit desirable properties, such as high specific strength, ductility, and corrosion resistance, while challenging the scientist to make confident predictions in the face of multiple competing phases. We demonstrate phase stability in the multicomponent alloy system of Cr–Mo–Nb–V, for which some of its binary subsystems are subject to phase separation and complex intermetallic-phase formation. Our first-principles calculation of free energy predicts that the configurational entropy stabilizes a single body-centered cubic (BCC) phase from T = 1700 K up to melting, while precipitation of a complex intermetallic is favored at lower temperatures. We form the compound experimentally and confirm that it develops as a single BCC phase from the melt, but that it transforms reversibly at lower temperatures.
Shock Synthesis of Decagonal Quasicrystals
Authors: Oppenheim J. , Ma C. , Hu J. , Bindi L. , Steinhardt P. J. , Asimow P. D. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe Khatyrka meteorite contains both icosahedral and decagonal quasicrystals. In our previous studies, icosahedral quasicrystals have been synthesized and recovered from shock experiments at the interface between CuAl5and stainless steel 304 alloys. In this study, we report a new shock recovery experiment aimed at synthesizing decagonal quasicrystals similar to decagonite, natural Al71Ni24Fe5. Aluminum 2024 and permalloy 80 alloys were stacked together and shocked in a stainless steel 304 recovery chamber. Abundant decagonal quasicrystals of average composition Al73Ni19Fe4Cu2Mg0.6Mo0.4Mn0.3with traces of Si and Cr were found along the recovered interface between the Al and permalloy. The experiment also synthesized AlNiFe alloy with the B2 (CsCl-type) structure and the metastable Al9Ni2phase. We present chemical (scanning electron microscopy and electron microprobe) and structural (electron backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscopy) characterization of the recovered phases and discuss the implications of this shock synthesis for the stability of quasicrystals during high-pressure shocks and for the interpretation of the phase assemblage found in Khatyrka.