bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Contralateral Strength Training on Muscle Weakness in People With Multiple Sclerosis: Proof-of-Concept Case Series
Authors: Manca Andrea , Cabboi Maria Paola , Ortu Enzo , Ginatempo Francesca , Dragone Daniele , Zarbo Ignazio Roberto , de Natale Edoardo Rosario , Mureddu Giovanni , Bua Guido , Deriu Franca 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundThe contralateral strength training (CST) effect is a transfer of muscle performance to the untrained limb following training of the contralateral side.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore, in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) presenting marked lower limb strength asymmetry, the effectiveness of CST on management of muscle weakness of the more-affected limb following training of the less-affected limb.DesignA single-subject research design was used.MethodsEight individuals with MS underwent 16 to 18 high-intensity training sessions of the less-affected ankle dorsiflexor muscles. The primary outcome measure of this single-system case series was maximal strength expressed as peak moment and maximal work. Secondary outcome measures were: Six-Minute-Walk Test, Timed “Up & Go” Test, 10-Meter Timed Walk Test, and Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life–54 questionnaire.ResultsAfter the 6-week intervention, the contralateral more affected (untrained) limb showed a 22% to 24% increase in maximal strength. From pretest-posttest measurements, participants also performed significantly better on the clinical and functional secondary outcome measures. At the 12-week follow-up, the strength levels of the weaker untrained limb remained significantly superior to baseline levels in the majority (5 out of 8) of the outcome parameters.LimitationsConsidering the design used, the absence of a control group, and the sample size, these findings should be cautiously generalized and will need confirmation in a properly planned randomized controlled trial.ConclusionsThe present proof-of-concept study shows, for the first time, the occurrence of the CST effect on muscle performance of ankle dorsiflexor muscles in people with MS. These preliminary findings reveal new potential implications for CST as a promising rehabilitation approach to those conditions where unilateral muscle weakness does not allow or makes difficult performing conventional strength training of the weaker limb.
Treatment-Based Classification System for Low Back Pain: Revision and Update
Authors: Alrwaily Muhammad , Timko Michael , Schneider Michael , Stevans Joel , Bise Christopher , Hariharan Karthik , Delitto Anthony 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The treatment-based classification (TBC) system for the treatment of patients with low back pain (LBP) has been in use by clinicians since 1995. This perspective article describes how the TBC was updated by maintaining its strengths, addressing its limitations, and incorporating recent research developments. The current update of the TBC has 2 levels of triage: (1) the level of the first-contact health care provider and (2) the level of the rehabilitation provider. At the level of first-contact health care provider, the purpose of the triage is to determine whether the patient is an appropriate candidate for rehabilitation, either by ruling out serious pathologies and serious comorbidities or by determining whether the patient is appropriate for self-care management. At the level of the rehabilitation provider, the purpose of the triage is to determine the most appropriate rehabilitation approach given the patient's clinical presentation. Three rehabilitation approaches are described. A symptom modulation approach is described for patients with a recent—new or recurrent—LBP episode that has caused significant symptomatic features. A movement control approach is described for patients with moderate pain and disability status. A function optimization approach is described for patients with low pain and disability status. This perspective article emphasizes that psychological and comorbid status should be assessed and addressed in each patient. This updated TBC is linked to the American Physical Therapy Association's clinical practice guidelines for low back pain.
Dynamic modelling of future glacier changes: mass-balance/elevation feedback in projections for the Vestfonna ice cap, Nordaustlandet, Svalbard
Authors: Schäfer M. , Möller M. , Zwinger T. , Moore J.C. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractFuture projections of the evolution of ice caps as well as ice sheets and consequent sea-level rise face several methodological challenges, one being the two-way coupling between ice flow and mass-balance models. Full two-way coupling between mass-balance models – or, in a wider scope, climate models – and ice flow models has rarely been implemented due to substantial technical challenges. Here we examine some coupling effects for the Vestfonna ice cap, Nordaustlandet, Svalbard, by analysing the impacts of different coupling intervals on mass-balance and sea-level rise projections. By comparing coupled to traditionally deployed uncoupled strategies, we prove that neglecting the topographic feedbacks in the coupling leads to underestimations of 10–20% in sea-level rise projections on century timescales in our model. As imposed climate scenarios increasingly change mass balance, uncertainties in the unknown evolution of the fast-flowing outlet glaciers decrease in importance due to their deceleration and reduced mass flux as they thin and retreat from the coast. Parameterizing mass-balance adjustment for changes in topography using lapse rates as a cost-effective alternative to full coupling produces satisfactory results for modest climate change scenarios. We introduce a method to estimate the error of the presented partially coupled model with respect to as yet unperformed two-way fully coupled results.
Extreme snow metamorphism in the Allan Hills, Antarctica, as an analogue for glacial conditions with implications for stable isotope composition
Authors: Dadic Ruzica , Schneebeli Martin , Bertler Nancy A.N. , Schwikowski Margit , Matzl Margret 
Published: December 2015

AbstractUnderstanding physical processes in near-zero accumulation areas can help us to better understand polar ice-core records, particularly during periods when accumulation rates were lower than today. We report measurements from a 5 m firn core from the Allan Hills, Antarctica, which include physical properties using computer tomography, stable isotope ratios δD and δ18O, and 210Pb activity. The core shows a highly metamorphosed firn with homogeneous and stable structure, but with discrete layers near the surface. The observed firn structure is caused by a combination of unique depositional and post-depositional processes. The irregular δD and δ18O signal does not follow the stratigraphic sequence and implies post-depositional modification caused by microscopic pressure gradients in the firn that can result from either forced ventilation over rough surfaces in the presence of wind or alternating temperature-gradients between the firn and the atmosphere. Our results also indicate impact snow deposition under high winds and with a high initial density and air exchange between the atmosphere and the snowpack.210Pb activity below 0.3 m falls below the detection limit, implying that most of the core is more than 100 years old. We conclude that the Allan Hills record provides a unique opportunity to investigate important processes that would have affected ice-core records from glacial periods.
Rifting processes and ice-flow modulation observed on Mertz Glacier, East Antarctica
Authors: Lescarmontier L. , Legresy B. , Young N.W. , Coleman R. , Testut L. , Mayet C. , Lacroix P. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe investigated the evolution of two major rifts cutting across Mertz Glacier Tongue, East Antarctica, using a combination of satellite images and 60 day sets of GPS data from two stations deployed either side of the western rift in 2007. The eastern rift began to open in the early 1990s, and the western rift initiated in 2002 in conjunction with the collision of a large iceberg with the tongue. Velocity time series derived from the 2007 GPS data exhibited strong variations at tidal periods modulated by sea-surface height and sea-surface slope and reproduced here with a conceptually simple model. We found that opening of the western rift in 2002 leads to a dramatic change in behavior of the tongue as the large range in velocity (700–2400 m a−1) observed in 2000 was largely reduced (1075–1225 m a−1) in 2007. Opening of the western rift decoupled the glacier from the transverse loading on the tongue driven by east–west tidal circulation. This loading previously induced time-varying lateral drag, which caused the large velocity range. Our results suggest changes in the mechanical behavior of an ice tongue impact the dynamics of the outlet glacier system and should be considered in longer-term mass-balance evaluations.
Coastal ice-core record of recent northwest Greenland temperature and sea-ice concentration
Authors: Osterberg Erich C. , Hawley Robert L. , Wong Gifford , Kopec Ben , Ferris David , Howley Jennifer 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCoastal ice cores provide an opportunity to investigate regional climate and sea-ice variability in the past to complement hemispheric-scale climate reconstructions from ice-sheet-interior ice cores. Here we describe robust proxies of Baffin Bay temperature and sea-ice concentration from the coastal 2Barrel ice core collected in the Thule region of northwest Greenland. Over the 1990–2010 record, 2Barrel annually averaged methanesulfonic acid (MSA) concentrations are significantly correlated with May–June Baffin Bay sea-ice concentrations and summer temperatures. Higher MSA is observed during warmer years with less sea ice, indicative of enhanced primary productivity in Baffin Bay. Similarly, 2Barrel annually averaged deuterium excess (d-excess) values are significantly correlated with annual Baffin Bay sea-ice concentrations and summer and annual temperatures. Warm (cool) years with anomalously low (high) sea-ice concentration are associated with proportionally more (less) low-d-excess Baffin Bay moisture at the ice-core site. Multilinear regression models incorporating 2Barrel MSA, d-excess and snow accumulation account for 38–51% of the Baffin Bay sea-ice and temperature variance. The annual temperature model is significantly correlated with temperatures throughout most of Greenland and eastern Arctic Canada due to the strong influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation.
Dielectric signatures and evolution of glacier ice
Authors: Grimm Robert E. , Stillman David E. , MacGregor Joseph A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe analyzed the dielectric spectra (0.1 Hz–1 MHz) of 49 firn and ice samples from ice sheets and glaciers to better understand how differing ice formation and evolution affect electrical properties. The dielectric relaxation of ice is well known and its characteristic frequency increases with the concentration of soluble impurities in the ice lattice. We found that meteoric ice and firn generally possess two such relaxations, indicating distinct crystal populations or zonation. Typically, one population is consistent with that of relatively pure ice, and the other is significantly more impure. However, high temperatures (e.g. temperate ice), long residence times (e.g. ancient ice from Mullins Glacier, Antarctica) or anomalously high impurity concentrations favor the development of a single relaxation. These relationships suggest that annealing causes two dielectrically distinct populations to merge into one population. The dielectric response of temperate ice samples indicates increasing purity with increasing depth, suggesting ongoing rejection of impurities from the lattice. Separately, subglacially (lake) frozen samples from the Vostok (Antarctica) 5G ice core possess a single relaxation whose variable characteristic frequency likely reflects the composition of the source water. We conclude that multi-frequency methods are essential to dielectric discrimination between different types of glacier ice.
Formes anciennes et nouvelles de la désobéissance civile
Authors: Fleury Cynthia 
Published: December 2015

Qu’est-ce qu’obéir et désobéir en démocratie ? La désobéissance civile se définit-elle comme un geste d’appropriation démocratique, et même d’empowerment capacitaire du citoyen ? En quoi pratiquer la désobéissance civile peut-il relever de la manifestation d’un consentement à l’État de droit ? Par ailleurs, de la désobéissance civile à la dissidence numérique, quels liens, quelle progression ?
Le principe d’Antigone
Authors: Bantigny Ludivine 
Published: December 2015

Désobéir en démocratie revient à repenser le contrat social qui associe ses membres et les lie. En cela, la désobéissance est un dévoilement : elle éclaire en creux la conformité, le fonctionnement du pouvoir quand il édicte et applique lois et décrets. Cet article examine au moyen d’exemples historiques – l’insurrection de juin 1848, les insoumissions et mobilisations pendant la guerre d’Algérie, la contestation de mai-juin 1968 – quelques formes de désobéissance en démocratie. Il en souligne l’historicité, soit la manière dont elles s’ancrent dans le temps et déploient une conscience historique qui est aussi une conscience politique.
Obéissance à la loi ?
Authors: Sureau François 
Published: December 2015

La notion, centrale en démocratie, d’obéissance à la loi s’est transformée au fil du temps, pour deux raisons : le sens de la norme a changé, et l’obéissance n’est plus conçue, dans les sociétés développées, en termes aussi radicaux qu’autrefois. Il en résulte une incertitude profonde sur le licite et l’illicite dont il est difficile d’imaginer les conséquences à long terme. À cet égard, l’auteur s’interroge particulièrement sur un phénomène nouveau : la « désobéissance » à la loi des organes de l’État chargés de l’appliquer, et en particulier de ceux qui relèvent de sa fonction exécutive.
Obéir/désobéir et l’environnement
Authors: Tuot Thierry 
Published: December 2015

L’environnement est un des domaines où la révolte demeure violente, mais aussi celui d’une désobéissance lassée à des injonctions de comportement. Celles-ci s’expliquent par le refus de penser la place de l’homme et la morale de la mutation environnementale, l’abandon de la méthode scientifique et l’épuisement de la démocratie représentative. Un État aux méthodes anachroniques ne peut impulser les changements nécessaires ; et ceux-ci doivent être conduits dans la plus grande justice sociale. Pour échapper à la crise et aux échecs que la désobéissance suscite, il faut fonder la légitimité d’autres parties prenantes que les élus, innover par de nouvelles méthodes d’action publique et instaurer une expertise non étatique que les citoyens pourront s’approprier.
Transfer ou transfert
Authors: Naszályi Philippe 
Published: December 2015

« Porter au-delà » tel est le sens de la racine latine de ce mot anglais dont la version française est très souvent utilisée, dans son acception freudienne. Là, n’est pourtant pas notre propos. Ce deuxième numéro de notre 50 e année, se veut tout entier ouvert aux technologies et à leur transfert dans l’entreprise ou aux organisations. Une publication comme la nôtre s’inscrit, depuis 50 ans, dans cette logique car elle est déjà vectrice du transfert de connaissances. Comme le rappelle, la présidente d’Agreenium 1 , Marion Guillou 2 , « il faut lire pour savoir où en sont les autres, et soi-même diffuser ses propres innovations. » Déjà en 1965, le grand spécialiste du marketing, Roger Grémillard écrivait qu’« un cadre à hautes responsabilités ou un chef d’entreprise vaut autant parce qu’il sait que par tout ce qu’il accepte d’apprendre ». – Internet et les nouvelles pratiques de gestion, – De la théorie à la pratique, – Marketing du consommateur, sont les trois dossiers de ce numéro.
Identification et maîtrise des facteurs clés de succès par les dirigeants
Authors: Scelles Nicolas , Ferrand Alain , Durand Christophe 
Published: December 2015

L’approche de la performance des firmes par l’identification des facteurs clés de succès (FCS) est très présente dans la littérature en économie et gestion. Cet article propose d’identifier les FCS que les dirigeants des ligues sportives professionnelles françaises jugent les plus importants. L’analyse porte sur trois championnats français : les premières divisions de basket, football et rugby masculins. La méthode repose sur les interviews de 12 responsables opérant dans ces trois ligues. Les résultats mettent en évidence l’existence de 12 FCS perçus. Parmi ceux-ci, on constate un pourcentage de FCS maîtrisés plus fort en rugby qu’en basket et en football. Ce dernier constat peut surprendre au regard de la domination économique de la Ligue 1 de football sur le territoire français mais il est en adéquation avec les positions des trois championnats étudiés à l’échelle continentale.
Émergence et instabilité limitée des organisations au bord du chaos :
Authors: Accard Philippe , Soudry Elisabeth 
Published: December 2015

Depuis une vingtaine d’années, un ensemble de travaux appelés « métaphore du chaos » montre que les organisations peuvent présenter des structures émergentes, dont l’instabilité est limitée. Ces organisations sont « au bord du chaos. » En nous appuyant sur une étude de cas, nous ébauchons une image plus concrète des états au bord du chaos, que les travaux existants. Nous confirmons que ces états favorisent l’adaptation de l’organisation à son environnement, mais imposent un coût social et psychologique ignoré par les travaux existants. Nous indiquons enfin une nouvelle direction de recherche.
L’impact de la détresse financière de l’entreprise et de son risque de faillite sur l’opinion d’audit avec réserve :
Authors: Moalla Hanen , Abelaziz Abderraouf 
Published: December 2015

L’objectif de cette recherche est d’étudier l’impact de la détresse financière de l’entreprise et de son risque de faillite sur l’opinion de l’auditeur. Les données ont été collectées auprès de 64 entreprises exerçant en Tunisie et soumises à l’obligation de désigner un commissaire aux comptes (42 sociétés à responsabilité limitée SARL et 24 sociétés anonymes SA). 32 entreprises ont reçu une certification avec réserve et 32 une certification pure et simple. La santé financière de l’entreprise a été étudiée à travers sa rentabilité, sa liquidité, son endettement et son risque de faillite. Les résultats de la régression logistique ont montré que les sociétés endettées, auditées par un big 4, de petite taille et caractérisées par une forte liquidité et une faible rentabilité, ont plus de probabilité de recevoir une opinion d’audit avec réserve. Le risque de faillite n’est pas associé à cette opinion.
Le processus de développement de l’intention de la fidélité du client à l’égard d’un prestataire de services financiers en ligne :
Authors: Allouche Mouna , Mrabet Amine 
Published: December 2015

Les chercheursintéressés au comportement du consommateur sur Internet, se sont plutôt focalisés sur la modélisation théorique des variables relationnelles, notamment la fidélité du cyber-consommateur. Cependant, comprendre le développement de l’intention de la fidélité en ligne peut être un préalable inéluctable pour cultiver et garantir ultérieurement la fidélité comportementale manifestée à l’égard du prestataire de services financiers. L’objectif de cette étude est double. Il s’agit en premier lieu, d’explorer, auprès de la clientèle de la banque tunisienne, les facteurs déterminants qui peuvent les inciter à revisiter et recommander le site de leurs banques dans le futur. En second lieu, nous proposons d’étudier le degré auquel la fidélité conative en ligne pourrait être la résultante des antécédents individuels et situationnels. L’analyse de contenu, faisant appel à une analyse thématique et lexicale de 18 entretiens semi-directifs auprès de la clientèle bancaire, a révélé que certaines variables, liées conjointement au site et à l’individu, semblent avoir un impact positif sur la fidélité intentionnelle en ligne. Par ailleurs, les résultats ont pu mettre en exergue le rôle crucial de la fidélité vis-à-vis de l’agence bancaire, de la confiance, de la satisfaction, de la valeur hédonique et des éléments atmosphériques en tant que variables préalables et indispensables au développement de la fidélité dans le contexte virtuel.
Midlatitude daily summer temperatures reshaped by soil moisture under climate change
Authors: Douville H. , Colin J. , Krug E. , Cattiaux J. , Thao S. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractProjected changes in daily temperatures are highly model dependent, particularly in the summer midlatitudes where the spread in the response of heat waves represents a major obstacle for the design of adaptation strategies. Understanding the main reasons for such uncertainties is obviously a research priority. Here we use a set of global atmospheric simulations to assess the contribution of the soil moisture feedback to changes in the full distribution of daily maximum summer temperatures projected in the late 21st century. Results show that this feedback (i) accounts for up to one third of the mean increase in daily maximum temperatures, (ii) dominates changes in the shape of the distribution, and (iii) explains about half of the increase in the severity of heat waves over densely populated areas of the northern midlatitudes. A dedicated intercomparison project is therefore needed to assess and constrain land surface feedbacks in the new generation Earth System Models.
Size‐dependent hygroscopicity parameter (κ) and chemical composition of secondary organic cloud condensation nuclei
Authors: Zhao D. F. , Buchholz A. , Kortner B. , Schlag P. , Rubach F. , Kiendler‐Scharr A. , Tillmann R. , Wahner A. , Flores J. M. , Rudich Y. , Watne Å. K. , Hallquist M. , Wildt J. , Mentel Th. F. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSecondary organic aerosol components (SOA) contribute significantly to the activation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in the atmosphere. The CCN activity of internally mixed submicron SOA particles is often parameterized assuming a size‐independent single‐hygroscopicity parameter κ. In the experiments done in a large atmospheric reactor (SAPHIR, Simulation of Atmospheric PHotochemistry In a large Reaction chamber, Jülich), we consistently observed size‐dependent κ and particle composition for SOA from different precursors in the size range of 50 nm–200 nm. Smaller particles had higher κ and a higher degree of oxidation, although all particles were formed from the same reaction mixture. Since decreasing volatility and increasing hygroscopicity often covary with the degree of oxidation, the size dependence of composition and hence of CCN activity can be understood by enrichment of higher oxygenated, low‐volatility hygroscopic compounds in smaller particles. Neglecting the size dependence of κ can lead to significant bias in the prediction of the activated fraction of particles during cloud formation.
Effects of the Mount Pinatubo eruption on decadal climate prediction skill of Pacific sea surface temperatures
Authors: Meehl Gerald A. , Teng Haiyan , Maher Nicola , England Matthew H. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMulti‐model simulations show a post‐Pinatubo eruption sequence of Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs) that includes a La Niña‐like pattern the third northern winter after an eruption, opposite in sign to what was observed after Pinatubo. This leads to the loss of hindcast skill for years in the 1990s affected by the Pinatubo eruption because the post‐eruption internal variability of the climate system did not match the multi‐model forced response. Agung (1963) and El Chichón (1982) happened to have post‐eruption Pacific SST sequences more similar to the multi‐model response and thus do not degrade prediction skill as measured by anomaly pattern correlation in the hindcasts. Thus, decadal hindcast skill is reduced if the post‐eruption randomly occurring internal El Niño variability in the observations deviates from the multi‐model forced response that, by definition, averages out internal variability in favor of the forced response.