bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlling open‐shell loading in norbornene‐based radical polymers modulates the solid‐state charge transport exponentially
Authors: Hay Martha E. , Hui Wong Si , Mukherjee Sanjoy , Boudouris Bryan W. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTRadical polymers are an emerging class of electronically active macromolecules; however, the fundamental mechanism by which charge is transferred in these polymers has yet to be established in full. To address this issue, well‐defined norbornene‐based nitroxide radical polymers were synthesized using the controlled ring‐opening metathesis polymerization technique. These polymers were blended in solution with a quenched, electrically insulating hydroxylamine derivative to dilute the radical content of the system. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy data were used to characterize the radical content as well as to reveal that hydrogen atom transfer occurred between the open‐shell and closed‐shell polynorbornene derivatives when they were blended in solution. Using these platform macromolecules, we demonstrate that the systematic manipulation of the radical content in open‐shell macromolecules leads to exponential changes in the macroscopic electrical conductivity. When coupled with the fact that these materials show a clear temperature‐independent charge transport behavior, a picture emerges that charge transfer in radical polymers is dictated by a tunneling mechanism between localized donor and acceptor sites within the redox‐active thin films. These results constitute the first experimental insight into the mechanism of solid‐state electrical conduction in radical polymers, and this provides a design paradigm for open‐shell macromolecular charge transport. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 1516–1525
Thermomagnetically Responsive γ‐Fe2O3@Wax@SiO2 Sub‐Micrometer Capsules
Authors: Baillot Marion , Hemery Gauvin , Sandre Olivier , Schmitt Véronique , Backov Rénal 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA three steps synthesis route is proposed to generate thermosensitive and magnetically responsive γ‐Fe2O3@Wax@SiO2 sub‐micrometer capsules with a paraffinic core and a solid and brittle shell. The process integrates Pickering‐based emulsions, inorganic and sol–gel chemistries to promote monodisperse in size wax droplets, γ‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles and mineralization of the wax/water interfaces. Hybrid capsules are obtained with an average size around 800 nm, representing the first example of sub‐micrometer capsules generated employing Pickering emulsions as templates. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) cationic surfactant added during mineralization at concentrations between 0.17 and 1.0 wt% impacts the shell density. The shell density seems to improve its mechanical strength while affording a low wax expansion volume without breaking for CTAB concentrations above 1.0 wt%. At lower CTAB concentration (0.17 wt%), the silica shell becomes less bulky and cannot resist the wax dilatation induced by the solid‐to‐liquid phase transition imposed by hyperthermia. The magnetically induced heating provided by the internal magnetic moments is sufficient to melt the wax core, expanding its volume, inducing thereby the surrounding silica shell rupture. Such γ‐Fe2O3@Stearic Acid@Wax@SiO2 sub‐micrometer capsules allow a sustained wax release with time, whereby 20% of the wax is released after 50 min of alternating magnetic field treatment.
Iron Precursor Decomposition in the Magnesium Combustion Flame: A New Approach for the Synthesis of Particulate Metal Oxide Nanocomposites
Authors: Gheisi Amir R. , Niedermaier Matthias , Tippelt Gerold , Lottermoser Werner , Bernardi Johannes , Diwald Oliver 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPowders of Fe–Mg–O nanocomposite particles have been grown using a novel chemical vapor synthesis approach that employs the decomposition of a metalorganic precursor inside the metal combustion flame. After annealing in controlled gas atmospheres composition distribution functions, structure and phase stability of the obtained magnesiowüstite nanoparticles are measured with a combination of techniques such as inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectroscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Complementary Mössbauer spectroscopy measurements reveal that depending on Fe loading and temperature of annealing either metastable and superparamagnetic solid solutions of Fe3+ ions in periclase (MgO) or phase separated mixtures of MgO and ferrimagnetic magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) nanoparticles can be obtained. The described combustion technique represents a novel concept for the production of mixed metal oxide nanoparticles. Adressing the impact of selected annealing protocols, this study underlines the great potential of vapor phase grown non‐equilibrium solids, where thermal processing provides means to trigger phase separation and, concomitantly, the emergence of new magnetic properties.
Bioactive Triterpenes from the Root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge
Authors: Tung Nguyen Huu , Nakajima Kensuke , Uto Takuhiro , Hai Nguyen Thanh , Long Dinh Doan , Ohta Tomoe , Oiso Shigeru , Kariyazono Hiroko , Shoyama Yukihiro 
Published: August 2017

Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) is a well‐known medicinal herb in the oriental medicine. The current study on bioactive triterpenoid in the root of S. miltiorrhiza led to the isolation of a new highly hydroxylated ursane‐type triterpene, urs‐12‐ene‐2α,3β,7β,16α‐tetraol (1) and five known ones including 2β‐hydroxypomolic acid (2), maslinic acid (3), asiatic acid (4), ursolic acid (5), and oleanolic acid (6). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses and comparison with literature data. The antiproliferative testing against HL‐60 cells revealed that the new compound 1 and ursolic acid (5) showed weak and moderate activities with IC50 values of 42.2 and 11.7 μM. In addition, compounds 1–3 showed inhibitory effect on ghrelin activity. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Density matrix approach to orbital relaxation dynamics in ionization
Authors: Kitamura Hikaru 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDynamical response of electrons to a hole generated during ionization is formulated in time domain with the density matrix equations in the time‐dependent unrestricted Hartree–Fock approximation. Time evolutions of orbital energies and electron‐density distributions are computed for K‐shell and M‐shell ionizations of a Na atom by taking into account nonlinear coupling of density matrices beyond linear response. When the hole is generated so slowly that the adiabatic theorem is satisfied, the simulation eventually converges to the state of a fully relaxed Na+ ion. A rapid generation of a K‐shell hole (within about 1 fs) leads to a breakdown of the adiabatic theorem, triggering a collective oscillation of the electrons with the period of sub‐femtoseconds. The shake‐up effect associated with strong orbital relaxation in inner‐shell ionization is manifested as a mixing of occupied and unoccupied states in the density matrix.
A comparison of electrospray ionization, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, and atmospheric pressure photoionization for the liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric analysis of bisphenols. Application to bisphenols in thermal paper receipts and U.S. currency notes
Authors: Eichman Henry J. , Eck Bryan J. , Lagalante Anthony F. 
Published: August 2017

RationaleHuman health concerns have arisen for common bisphenols (BPA and BPS) as well as new structural analogs. While native sulfone bisphenols and sulfone‐derivatized bisphenols are amenable to electrospray ionization (ESI), alternative ionization methods such as atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and APPI were investigated to analyze non‐derivatized, non‐sulfone‐containing bisphenols.MethodsIonization of bisphenols using negative ion APPI was compared to negative ion ESI and negative ion APCI for their relative abilities to produce [M−H]− precursor ions for subsequent collision‐induced dissociation (CID) in a triple quadrupole mass analyzer. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions were optimized using the most sensitive ion transitions and coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation to detect and quantify BPA, BPB, BPF, BPZ, BPAP, BPS, and BPSIP.ResultsAPPI provides a more universal sensitivity over ESI toward the classes of bisphenols studied with detection limits of 20–50 pg on‐column. The LC/APPI‐MS/MS method was used to examine the levels of these seven bisphenols in thermal paper receipts and in U.S. paper currency. In both receipts and currency, BPA and BPS were the dominant bisphenols found in the paper.ConclusionsThe measurement of BPA and bisphenol analogs in thermal paper receipts and transfer of bisphenols from receipts to currency notes is of increasing importance to assess human dermal exposure routes to this class of compounds. Equivalent sensitivity between sulfone‐ and non‐sulfone‐containing bisphenols is achievable through the use of alternate ionization sources such as APCI and APPI that circumvents tedious and time‐consuming derivatization procedures to render analytical sensitivity by ESI.
Current Strategy of Fetal Therapy II: Invasive Fetal Interventions
Authors: Nawapun Katika , Phithakwatchara Nisarat , Panchalee Tacharee , Viboonchart Sommai , Mongkolchat Nadda , Wataganara Tuangsit 
Published: August 2017

AbstractInvasive fetal intervention provides potential benefits to the fetus, but risks to the mother and the fetus are not negligible. Large congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) may cause fetal hydrops. Shunt placement in macrocystic type or steroids administration in microcystic type CPAM have been reported to reverse the hydrops in a small case series. In selected cases of fetal congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), tracheal plugging may prevent egress of the lung fluid, promote lung proliferation, and maturation of pulmonary vasculature, which favor survival in isolated right-sided CDH fetuses or those with a lung-to-head ratio of ≤1.0. Fetoscopic cystoscopy with laser fulguration of the posterior urethral valve improves the 6-month survival and renal function. A randomized controlled trial to validate the real benefits of this procedure is still underway. Laser photocoagulation of anastomosing vessels is the standard of care for severe mid-trimester twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome. The principle of equipoise is likely to be reached on the issue of optimal treatment for Quintero stage I disease. Open fetal surgery has been offered in some cases of fetal tumor and myelomeningocele (MMC). Alternatively, endoscopic approach is being investigated to minimize procedure-related maternal morbidity. Only when procedure-related complications are properly prevented and managed, it is expected that invasive therapeutic innovation will then improve perinatal outcomes of selected fetal conditions.
Allocating effort and anticipating pleasure in schizophrenia: Relationship with real world functioning
Authors: Serper M. , Payne E. , Dill C. , Portillo C. , Taliercio J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackground:Poor motivation to engage in goal-oriented behavior has been recognized as a hallmark feature of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SZ). Low drive in SZ may be related to anticipating rewards as well as to poor working memory. However, few studies to date have examined beliefs about self-efficacy and satisfaction for future rewards (anticipatory pleasure). Additionally, few studies to date have examined how these deficits may impact SZ patients’ real world functioning.Method:The present study examined SZ patients’ (n = 57) anticipatory pleasure, working memory, self-efficacy and real world functioning in relation to their negative symptom severity.Results:Results revealed that SZ patients’ negative symptom severity was related to decisions in effort allocation and reward probability, working memory deficits, self-efficacy and anticipatory pleasure for future reward. Effort allocation deficits also predicted patients’ daily functioning skills.Conclusions:SZ patients with high levels of negative symptoms are not merely effort averse, but have more difficulty effectively allocating effort and anticipating pleasure engaging in effortful activities. It may be the case that continuously failing to achieve reinforcement from engagement and participation may lead SZ patients to form certain negative beliefs about their abilities which contributes to amotivation and cognitive deficits. Lastly, our findings provide further support for a link between SZ patients functional daily living skills their effort allocation.
The electrical circuit of a hemodynamically unstable and recurrent ventricular tachycardia diagnosed in 35 s with the Rhythmia mapping system
Authors: Takigawa Masateru , Frontera Antonio , Thompson Nathaniel , Capellino Stefano , Jais Pierre , Sacher Frederic 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHerein, we report a 47‐year‐old woman with ischemic cardiomyopathy who underwent ablation therapy due to an electrical storm without any triggers. The voltage mapping in sinus rhythm with the Rhythmia system and Orion catheter displayed several LAVAs in and around the anteroapical scar area. Although the patient did not tolerate the induced clinical ventricular tachycardia, which was reproductively induced, 35‐second‐mapping in the scar zone with the Orion catheter demonstrated the VT circuit with the critical isthmus. This report shows the possibility of the new ultra‐high density mapping system in a specific ischemic VT patient.
Vulnerability of Older Adults in Disasters: Emergency Department Utilization by Geriatric Patients After Hurricane Sandy
Authors: Malik Sidrah , Lee David C. , Doran Kelly M. , Grudzen Corita R. , Worthing Justin , Portelli Ian , Goldfrank Lewis R. , Smith Silas W. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveOlder adults are a potentially medically vulnerable population with increased mortality rates during and after disasters. To evaluate the impact of a natural disaster on this population, we performed a temporal and geospatial analysis of emergency department (ED) use by adults aged 65 years and older in New York City (NYC) following Hurricane Sandy’s landfall.MethodsWe used an all-payer claims database to analyze demographics, insurance status, geographic distribution, and health conditions for post-disaster ED visits among older adults. We compared ED patterns of use in the weeks before and after Hurricane Sandy throughout NYC and the most afflicted evacuation zones.ResultsWe found significant increases in ED utilization by older adults (and disproportionately higher in those aged ≥85 years) in the 3 weeks after Hurricane Sandy, especially in NYC evacuation zone one. Primary diagnoses with notable increases included dialysis, electrolyte disorders, and prescription refills. Secondary diagnoses highlighted homelessness and care access issues.ConclusionsOlder adults display heightened risk for worse health outcomes with increased ED visits after a disaster. Our findings suggest the need for dedicated resources and planning for older adults following a natural disaster by ensuring access to medical facilities, prescriptions, dialysis, and safe housing and by optimizing health care delivery needs to reduce the burden of chronic disease. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:184–193)
Two-dimensional energy spectra in high-Reynolds-number turbulent boundary layers
Authors: Chandran Dileep , Baidya Rio , Monty Jason P. , Marusic Ivan 
Published: August 2017

Here, we report the measurements of two-dimensional (2-D) spectra of the streamwise velocity ($u$) in a high-Reynolds-number turbulent boundary layer. A novel experiment employing multiple hot-wire probes was carried out at friction Reynolds numbers ranging from 2400 to 26 000. Taylor’s frozen turbulence hypothesis is used to convert temporal-spanwise information into a 2-D spatial spectrum which shows the contribution of streamwise ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{x}$) and spanwise ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{y}$) length scales to the streamwise variance at a given wall height ($z$). At low Reynolds numbers, the shape of the 2-D spectra at a constant energy level shows$\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{y}/z\sim (\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{x}/z)^{1/2}$behaviour at larger scales, which is in agreement with the existing literature at a matched Reynolds number obtained from direct numerical simulations. However, at high Reynolds numbers, it is observed that the square-root relationship tends towards a linear relationship ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{y}\sim \unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{x}$), as required for self-similarity and predicted by the attached eddy hypothesis.
The Distribution of Ratings Assigned to Blind Replicates
Authors: Bodington Jeffrey C. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe inability of many wine judges to achieve perfect consistency by assigning the same rating to the same wine in a blind tasting is well established. Results for four wine tastings that include blind replicates are examined in this article. Although perfection is rare, the probability distributions of those results show that wine judges do tend to assign closer ratings to replicates than is likely due to chance alone. Approximately one-third of judges assign ratings that are within one rank of perfect consistency, and two-thirds assign ratings within two ranks of perfect consistency. This finding is sensitive to judges’ capabilities, the mechanics of the tasting protocol, and the extent to which the replicate is different from other wines in the tasting. Much wine-related research to date takes judges’ individual ratings as deterministic, yet these results show that those ratings are stochastic. These results yield a probability distribution that may guide future research concerning the uses and economic implications of wine ratings. (JEL Classifications: A10, C10, C00, C12, D12)
Photometry of WD 1145+017 in Early 2017
Authors: Kjurkchieva Diana P. , Dimitrov Dinko P. , Petrov Nikola I. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe present photometric observations of WD 1145+017 during six nights in early 2017. They exhibited asymmetric transits with durations of 10–50 mins and depths up to 50% in flux. We managed to track two deep features that drift in phase during 2.5-month season. This effect may be explained by period decreasing of the transiting formations due to their slow spiralling to the white dwarf. One of them seems to fragment in several smaller parts within a month. The structures causing the two deep transits have elongated shape whose sizes perpendicular and along the orbit are of the order of 1 R⊕ and 100 R⊕. They are parts of geometrically thin inhomogeneous disk (ring) around the white dwarf that is well within its Roche radius. This explains the observed dip activity of WD 1145+017 during the year 2017.
A mawsoniid coelacanth (Sarcopterygii: Actinistia) from the Rhaetian (Upper Triassic) of the Peygros quarry, Le Thoronet (Var, southeastern France)
Authors: DEESRI UTHUMPORN , CAVIN LIONEL , AMIOT ROMAIN , BARDET NATHALIE , BUFFETAUT ERIC , CUNY GILLES , GINER STEPHEN , MARTIN JEREMY E. , SUAN GUILLAUME 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRemains of a coelacanth specimen are described from Rhaetian deposits of the Var Department, southeastern France. They comprise the lower part of a branchial apparatus associated with a left lower jaw and a basisphenoid. Osteological features of the angular and basisphenoid and the teeth ornamentation allow the inclusion of the specimen in the mawsoniid family, genus and species indeterminate. Mawsoniids are known in freshwater environments from the Triassic of North America and from the Cretaceous of Western Gondwana and Europe, as well as from Late Jurassic marine environments from Europe. The new discovery here reported represents the first coelacanth from the marine Triassic of France and improves the understanding of the palaeobiogeography of the Mawsoniidae.
Workers of the World? A British Liberal-Pluralist Critique of Marcel van der Linden’s Global Labour History
Authors: Ackers Peter 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMarcel van der Linden has championed Global Labour History (GLH) as a solution to the decline of Labour History as an academic field. His 2008Workers of the World(and other writing) strives to transcend methodological nationalism and provides a new global framework to study labour through the ages. This British liberal-pluralist critique argues that Van der Linden’s version of GLH is essentially a re-packaging of Marxism that narrows the conceptual foundations of the field and overlooks both the full political crisis of state-socialism and its limited historical appeal to working people. The article concludes by defending a national approach centred on civil society institutions, as represented in the 2016 collection edited by P. Ackers and A.J. Reid,Alternatives to State-Socialism in Britain: Other Worlds of Labour in the Twentieth Century.
SEX COMPOSITION OF TWINS AND ASSOCIATIONS WITH MORBIDITY, MORTALITY AND MATERNAL TREATMENT-SEEKING OUTCOMES IN RESOURCE-POOR SETTINGS
Authors: Stephenson Rob , Tharp Mondie Blalock , Wiginton John Mark , Metheny Nicholas 
Published: August 2017

SummarySocietal gender inequality and a preference for male children has been shown to be detrimental to girls’ health. This is despite females’ innate biological advantage early in life. The negative effects of gender inequity on female health are most pronounced in resource-poor countries, where cultural norms supporting a preference for male children are strongest. However, most of what is known about gender inequality and child health comes from studies of singleton births. There is little evidence for how, or if, the disadvantages associated with gender bias and son preference extend to multiple births, a population inherently at risk for a number of health challenges. This analysis examines whether gender bias in health outcomes exists for twins. Data on live twin births from 38 Demographic and Health Surveys were compiled (n=11,528 individuals) and twins were categorized as girl/girl, girl/boy, boy/girl or girl/girl. Gender inequality was measured via the Gender Inequality Index. Multilevel logistic regression models examined associations between twin sex composition, gender inequality and eight outcomes of infant and child morbidity, mortality and mother’s treatment-seeking behaviours. Twin pairs containing girls had significantly lower odds of first-year mortality. Higher country-level gender inequality was associated with higher odds of reporting diarrhoea and fever/cough, as well as an increased odds of post-neonatal mortality. Results suggest that the biological advantage for females may be stronger than son preference and gender inequality in the first year of life. Understanding these relationships has the potential to inform efforts to curb the influence of gender preference on the health of female children in resource-poor settings.