bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Radio Frequency, Microwaving, and High Hydrostatic Pressure at Elevated Temperature on the Nutritional and Antinutritional Components in Black Soybeans
Authors: Zhong Yu , Wang Zhuyi , Zhao Yanyun 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn this study, the effects of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) at elevated temperature (60 °C) and 2 dielectric heating (DH) methods (radio frequency [RF], and microwaving [MW]) on the nutritional compositions and removal of antinutritional factors in black soybeans were studied. Each treatment caused <2% reduction in protein, and 3.3% to 7.0% decline in total amino acid content. However, the proportion of essential amino acid slightly increased in DH treated samples. The treatment decreased fat content (14.0% to 35.7%), but had small influence on fatty acid proportion. Antinutritional factors including trypsin inhibitor, tannins, saponins, and phytic acid were all declined by the 3 treatments, and DH treatment was generally more efficient. The most abundant saponins was decreased >22% in DH treated samples. MW and HHP led to higher in vitro protein digestibility, RF and MW promoted protein aggregation from atomic force microscope topography, but HHP caused more damages on protein subunits as seen from SDS‐PAGE image.
Exposure to Chronic Mild Stress Differentially Alters Corticotropin‐Releasing Hormone and Arginine Vasopressin mRNA Expression in the Stress‐Responsive Neurocircuitry of Male and Female Rats Prenatally Exposed to Alcohol
Authors: Lan Ni , Hellemans Kim G. C. , Ellis Linda , Weinberg Joanne 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundPrenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) results in dysregulation of the offspring hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, increasing sensitivity to stressors and vulnerability to stress‐related disorders. We have previously shown that exposure to chronic mild stress (CMS) in adulthood significantly increases anxiety‐like behaviors (elevated plus maze) in PAE males and females compared to controls. To explore neurobiological mechanisms linking HPA dysregulation and altered anxiety‐like behavior, we investigated neuropeptide (corticotropin‐releasing hormone [CRH] and arginine vasopressin [AVP]) expression in brain areas involved in the stress neurocircuitry of animals from this previous behavioral study.MethodsAdult PAE, pair‐fed (PF), and ad libitum fed control (C) male and female offspring exposed to CMS or remaining undisturbed (non‐CMS) were terminated 30 minutes following behavioral testing.ResultsIn the paraventricular nucleus, CMS increased CRH mRNA levels in PAE compared to PF and C males and increased AVP mRNA levels in PAE compared to C males, with no differential effects for CRH or AVP in females. In the central nucleus of the amygdala, there was an increase in CRH mRNA expression overall, regardless of CMS condition or sex, in PAE compared to C animals. Moreover, in PF males, CMS increased AVP mRNA levels in the paraventricular nucleus, resulting in a decreased CRH/AVP ratio compared to PAE males, and decreased amygdala CRH mRNA compared to that in the non‐CMS condition.ConclusionsCMS differentially altered central HPA peptide expression in PAE and PF animals compared to their control counterparts, with a possible shift toward greater CRH mediation of HPA regulation in PAE males, and greater AVP mediation of HPA regulation in PF males. However, changes in CRH and AVP expression do not align fully with the anxiogenic profile observed in our previous behavior study, suggesting that other neuronal substrates and limbic forebrain regions also contribute to increased anxiety‐like behavior following CMS.
Rivaroxaban compared with standard thromboprophylaxis after major orthopaedic surgery: co‐medication interactions
Authors: Kreutz Reinhold , Haas Sylvia , Holberg Gerlind , Lassen Michael R. , Mantovani Lorenzo G. , Schmidt André , Turpie Alexander G. G. 
Published: November 2015

AimThe aim of the present study was to analyse concomitant drug use and its association with outcome in patients (N = 17 701) receiving rivaroxaban or standard of care (SOC) for the prevention of venous thromboembolism after major orthopaedic surgery in the non‐interventional, phase IV XAMOS (Xarelto® in the prophylaxis of post‐surgical venous thromboembolism after elective major orthopaedic surgery of hip or knee) study.MethodsConcomitant drug use was at the discretion of the treating physician. Prespecified co‐medications of interest were cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4/P‐glycoprotein inhibitors/inducers, platelet aggregation inhibitors (PAIs) and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Crude event incidences were compared between rivaroxaban and SOC groups.ResultsCYP3A4/P‐glycoprotein inhibitor/inducer use was infrequent, in contrast to PAI (~7%) and NSAID (~52%) use. Rivaroxaban was associated with a lower incidence of overall symptomatic thromboembolic events compared with SOC, regardless of co‐medication use. In both treatment groups, PAI users, with higher age and prevalence of cardiovascular co‐morbidities, had similar higher (>7‐fold) incidences of symptomatic arterial but not venous thromboembolic events compared with non‐users. NSAID use had no influence on thromboembolic events. However, odds ratios (ORs) for major bleeding events (European Medicines Agency definition) were higher in NSAID users compared with non‐users in rivaroxaban [OR = 1.50; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06, 2.13] and SOC (OR = 1.70; CI 1.16, 2.49) groups. In PAI users, ORs for major bleeding events were no different from those of non‐users in both the rivaroxaban (OR = 1.49; CI 0.84, 2.65) and SOC (OR = 1.46; CI 0.82, 2.62) groups.ConclusionsUse of NSAIDs in XAMOS was frequent and associated with a higher frequency of bleeding events in patients receiving rivaroxaban or SOC, although the benefit–risk profile of rivaroxaban compared with SOC was maintained.
Salient cues improve prospective remembering in Korsakoff's syndrome
Authors: Altgassen Mareike , Ariese Laura , Wester Arie J. , Kessels Roy P. C. 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveKorsakoff's syndrome is characterized by deficits in episodic memory and executive functions. Both cognitive functions are needed to remember to execute delayed intentions (prospective memory, PM), an ability that is crucial for independent living in everyday life. So far, PM has only been targeted by one study in Korsakoff's syndrome. This study explored the effects of executive control demands on PM to shed further light on a possible interdependence of memory and executive functions in Korsakoff's syndrome,MethodTwenty‐five individuals with Korsakoff's syndrome and 23 chronic alcoholics (without amnesia) performed a categorization task into which a PM task was embedded that put either high or low demands on executive control processes (using low vs. high salient cues).ResultsOverall, Korsakoff patients had fewer PM hits than alcoholic controls. Across groups, participants had fewer PM hits when cues were low salient as compared to high salient. Korsakoff patients performed better on PM when highly salient cues were presented than cues of low salience, while there were no differential effects for alcoholic controls.ConclusionsWhile overall Korsakoff patients' showed a global PM deficit, the extent of this deficit was moderated by the executive control demands of the task applied. This indicated further support for an interrelation of executive functions and memory performance in Korsakoff.Practitioner points

Positive clinical implications of the work

Prospective memory (PM) performance in Korsakoff's syndrome is related to executive control load.

Increasing cues' salience improves PM performance in Korsakoff's syndrome.

Salient visual aids may be used in everyday life to improve Korsakoff individuals' planning and organization skills.

Cautions or limitations of the study

Results were obtained in a structured laboratory setting and need to be replicated in a more naturalistic setting to assess their transferability to everyday life.

Given the relatively small sample size, individual predictors of PM performance should be determined in larger samples.
An analytical method for measuring competence in project management
Authors: González‐Marcos Ana , Alba‐Elías Fernando , Ordieres‐Meré Joaquín 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to present a competence assessment method in project management that is based on participants' performance and value creation. It seeks to close an existing gap in competence assessment in higher education. The proposed method relies on information and communication technology (ICT) tools and combines Project Management Information System (PMIS) tools with a survey system. This permits it to be implemented in an Internet‐based simulation game. The system enforces the assessment of individual competences by a set of performance indicators and value stream analyses. A specific case study is presented as a way to validate the principles on which the proposed method is based. It has been proven to be helpful in a complex learning environment that involves two different universities and levels of degrees (undergraduate and master). When the method has been implemented, it is possible to collect detailed information regarding competence at a process for each participant. This increases the transparency of the work carried out, as well as enabling the specific design of educational programs for specific competence learning paths. Based on the experience that has been acquired, a specific recommendation is made concerning the feedback value provided for practitioners, students and teachers.
Digital Fabrication Techniques for Cultural Heritage: A Survey
Authors: Scopigno R. , Cignoni P. , Pietroni N. , Callieri M. , Dellepiane M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDigital fabrication devices exploit basic technologies in order to create tangible reproductions of 3D digital models. Although current 3D printing pipelines still suffer from several restrictions, accuracy in reproduction has reached an excellent level. The manufacturing industry has been the main domain of 3D printing applications over the last decade. Digital fabrication techniques have also been demonstrated to be effective in many other contexts, including the consumer domain. The Cultural Heritage is one of the new application contexts and is an ideal domain to test the flexibility and quality of this new technology. This survey overviews the various fabrication technologies, discussing their strengths, limitations and costs. Various successful uses of 3D printing in the Cultural Heritage are analysed, which should also be useful for other application contexts. We review works that have attempted to extend fabrication technologies in order to deal with the specific issues in the use of digital fabrication in the Cultural Heritage. Finally, we also propose areas for future research.
Coal, Cumulative Impacts, and the Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Grech A. , Pressey R.L. , Day J.C. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area, Australia, covers over 348,000 km2 of tropical marine ecosystems of global significance. In July 2015, the World Heritage Committee called attention to the cumulative impacts of climate change, poor water quality, and coastal development on the region's outstanding universal value, but stopped short of inscribing the Great Barrier Reef on the List of World Heritage in Danger. Restoring the region's values is hindered by an environmental decision‐making process that fails to incorporate cumulative impacts, including the climate change impacts of greenhouse gas emissions sourced from one of Australia's largest exports, thermal coal. We identify policy and processes that enable a more comprehensive consideration of the cumulative effects of coal mining by environmental decision‐makers. Implementing cumulative impact assessment requires a collaborative and transparent program of planning and monitoring independent of Government and mine proponents that evaluates local, regional, and global impacts. The future of the Great Barrier Reef depends on transformational change in the cumulative assessment of Australian coal mines.
An interactive tool for rapid biventricular analysis of congenital heart disease
Authors: Gilbert K. , Lam H.‐I. , Pontré B. , Cowan B. R. , Occleshaw C. J. , Liu J. Y. , Young A. A. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryCardiac malformations are the most common birth defect. Better interventions in early life have improved mortality for children with congenital heart disease, but heart failure is a significant problem in adulthood. These patients require regular imaging and analysis of biventricular (left and right ventricular) function. In this study, we describe a rapid method to analyse left and right ventricular shape and function from cardiac MRI examinations. A 4D (3D+time) finite element model template is interactively customized to the anatomy and motion of the biventricular unit. The method was validated in 17 patients and 10 ex‐vivo hearts. Interactive model updates were achieved through preconditioned conjugate gradient optimization on a multithread system, and by precomputing points predicted from a coarse mesh optimization.
Adaptation of lodgepole pine and interior spruce to climate: implications for reforestation in a warming world
Authors: Liepe Katharina J. , Hamann Andreas , Smets Pia , Fitzpatrick Connor R. , Aitken Sally N. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe investigated adaptation to climate in populations of two widespread tree species across a range of contrasting environments in western Canada. In a series of common garden experiments, bud phenology, cold hardiness, and seedling growth traits were assessed for 254 populations in the interior spruce complex (Picea glauca, P. engelmannii, and their hybrids) and for 281 populations of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta). Complex multitrait adaptations to different ecological regions such as boreal, montane, coastal, and arid environments accounted for 15–20% of the total variance. This population differentiation could be directly linked to climate variables through multivariate regression tree analysis. Our results suggest that adaptation to climate does not always correspond linearly to temperature gradients. For example, opposite trait values (e.g., early versus late budbreak) may be found in response to apparently similar cold environments (e.g., boreal and montane). Climate change adaptation strategies may therefore not always be possible through a simple shift of seed sources along environmental gradients. For the two species in this study, we identified a relatively small number of uniquely adapted populations (11 for interior spruce and nine for lodgepole pine) that may be used to manage adaptive variation under current and expected future climates.
Is spawning stock biomass a robust proxy for reproductive potential?
Authors: Kell Laurence T , Nash Richard D M , Dickey‐Collas Mark , Mosqueira Iago , Szuwalski Cody 
Published: November 2015

AbstractReference points based on fishing mortality (F) and spawning stock biomass (SSB) are a requirement of many fisheries management frameworks. SSB is assumed to be a proxy for stock reproductive potential (SRP). Limit reference points based on SSB are used to indicate the level of biomass below which productivity is affected. SSB fails to account for changes in fecundity, egg viability and sex ratio, and it has been argued that total egg production (TEP) provides a better reflection of SRP. We explore how accounting for TEP impacts limit reference points and evidence for a relationship between stock and recruit. Time series of SSB and TEP are compared for three North Sea stocks: cod (Gadus morhua), herring (Clupea harengus) and plaice (Pleuronectes platessa). Dynamics based on TEP are different from those based on SSB for cod and plaice, but the stock–recruit relationships were not ‘improved’ using TEP. Shifts in productivity (spawner per recruit) occur in all three time series and SSB underestimated uncertainty. Yet again, it was shown that assumptions of stationarity about fish population productivity are incorrect. We argue that the use of TEP does improve the realism in our understanding of stock dynamics, and demographically, more complex management strategy evaluation is required to develop management procedures that are robust to uncertainty and integrate F and the demographic health of a stock. Empirical feedback control systems based on fisheries independent indices including surveys of eggs, larvae, recruits, juveniles or spawning adults should be evaluated and compared to traditional approaches.
ElevatedCO2promotes long‐term nitrogen accumulation only in combination with nitrogen addition
Authors: Pastore Melissa A. , Megonigal J. Patrick , Langley J. Adam 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBiogeochemical models that incorporate nitrogen (N) limitation indicate that N availability will control the magnitude of ecosystem carbon uptake in response to risingCO2. Some models, however, suggest that elevatedCO2may promote ecosystem N accumulation, a feedback that in the long term could circumvent N limitation of theCO2response while mitigating N pollution. We tested this prediction using a nine‐yearCO2xN experiment in a tidal marsh. Although the effects ofCO2are similar between uplands and wetlands in many respects, this experiment offers a greater likelihood of detectingCO2effects on N retention on a decadal timescale because tidal marshes have a relatively open N cycle and can accrue soil organic matter rapidly. To determine how elevatedCO2affects N dynamics, we assessed the three primary fates of N in a tidal marsh: (1) retention in plants and soil, (2) denitrification to the atmosphere, and (3) tidal export. We assessed changes in N pools and tracked the fate of a15N tracer added to each plot in 2006 to quantify the fraction of added N retained in vegetation and soil, and to estimate lateral N movement. ElevatedCO2alone did not increase plant N mass, soil N mass, or15N label retention. Unexpectedly,CO2and N interacted such that the combined N+CO2treatment increased ecosystem N accumulation despite the stimulation in N losses indicated by reduced15N label retention. These findings suggest that in N‐limited ecosystems, elevatedCO2is unlikely to increase long‐term N accumulation and circumvent progressive N limitation without additional N inputs, which may relieve plant–microbe competition and allow for increased plant N uptake.
Rapid skeletal muscle wasting predicts worse survival in patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Hanai Tatsunori , Shiraki Makoto , Ohnishi Sachiyo , Miyazaki Tsuneyuki , Ideta Takayasu , Kochi Takahiro , Imai Kenji , Suetsugu Atsushi , Takai Koji , Moriwaki Hisataka , Shimizu Masahito 
Published: November 2015

AimSarcopenia impairs the outcome of patients with liver cirrhosis independently of liver function reserves. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the rate of skeletal muscle wasting predicts mortality in cirrhotic patients.MethodsThis retrospective study evaluated 149 cirrhotic patients who visited our hospital between March 2004 and September 2012. The skeletal muscle cross‐sectional area at the level of the third lumbar vertebra was measured by computed tomography, from which the skeletal muscle index was obtained for diagnosis of sarcopenia. The relative change in skeletal muscle area per year (ΔSMA/y) was calculated in each patient. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to evaluate risk factors for mortality.ResultsOf the 149 cirrhotic patients, 94 (63%) were diagnosed with sarcopenia. The median of ΔSMA/y in all patients was –2.2%. For patients in Child–Pugh class A, B and C, ΔSMA/y was –1.3%, –3.5% and –6.1%, respectively. During a median follow‐up period of 39 months (range, 1–110), 45 patients (30%) died. The optimal cut‐off value of ΔSMA/y for predicting mortality was –3.1%; the survival rate in patients with ΔSMA/y of –3.1% or less was significantly lower than in patients with ΔSMA/y of more than –3.1% (P < 0.0001). The multivariate Cox proportional hazards model found ΔSMA/y of –3.1% or less to be significantly associated with mortality in cirrhotic patients (hazard ratio = 2.73, 95% confidence interval = 1.43–5.44, P < 0.01).ConclusionΔSMA/y is useful for predicting mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis. Management of skeletal muscle may contribute toward improving the outcome of cirrhotic patients.
Prediction of periapical status and tooth extraction
Authors: Kirkevang L. –L. , Ørstavik D. , Bahrami G. , Wenzel A. , Væth M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimTo describe and analyse risk factors associated with prediction of periapical status, assessed using the full‐scale Periapical Index (PAI) supplemented with extraction as outcome variable.MethodologyIn 1997–1998, 616 randomly selected individuals from Aarhus County, Denmark, underwent a full‐mouth radiographic survey. All 616 were re‐invited in 2003–2004 and in 2008–2009, when 473 and 363 persons, respectively, consented and attended a new radiographic examination. The study population of the present investigation included 330 persons who had participated in all three examinations, and 143 persons who had participated in the first and second examination only. Using the full‐mouth radiographic survey and interview information, the following variables were assessed: on person level – age, gender, smoking habits and number of teeth; on tooth level – presence of tooth, PAI, root filling, caries, marginal bone level, restoration, jaw and tooth group. The outcome variable was the 5 score PAI supplemented with extraction. The observation period was 5 years. Ordered logistic regression analyses were carried out for root filled and non‐root filled teeth separately. The Regional Committee of Ethics approved the study.ResultsFor both root filled teeth and non‐root filled teeth, the baseline PAI score was the most important predictive factor of periapical status and extraction (P < 0.0001). Non‐root filled teeth had in general a better outcome than root filled teeth. However, in non‐root filled teeth, several other factors had a significant influence on the outcome, and the risk estimates were larger and showed a more pronounced variation between the different categories of predictive factors. For root filled teeth few variables, other than baseline PAI score, influenced the outcome significantly.ConclusionThe full‐scale PAI was the strongest predictive factor of periapical status or extraction even when adjusted for additional factors, such as marginal bone level. A high baseline PAI score increased the risk for an impaired outcome. The large difference in risk estimates for non‐root filled compared to root filled teeth documents the importance of separate analyses/studies for identification and quantification of predictive factors associated with periapical status and extraction of a tooth.
Weighted sum of maximum regrets in an interval MOLP problem
Authors: Rivaz S. , Yaghoobi M.A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis paper presents a multiobjective linear programming problem with interval objective function coefficients. Considering the concept of maximum regret, the weighted sum problem of maximum regrets is introduced and its properties are investigated. It is proved that an optimal solution of the weighted sum problem of maximum regrets is at least possibly weakly efficient. Further, the circumstances under which the optimal solution is necessarily efficient (necessarily weakly efficient or possibly efficient) are discussed. Moreover, using a relaxation procedure, an algorithm is proposed, which for a given set of weights finds one feasible solution that minimizes the weighted sum of maximum regrets. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the proposed algorithm.