bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REVISITING EVIDENCE OF CHAOS IN X-RAY LIGHT CURVES: THE CASE OF GRS 1915+105
Authors: Mannattil Manu , Gupta Himanshu , Chakraborty Sagar 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
Nonlinear time series analysis has been widely used to search for signatures of low-dimensional chaos in light curves emanating from astrophysical bodies. A particularly popular example is the microquasar GRS 1915+105, whose irregular but systematic X-ray variability has been well studied using data acquired by the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer. With a view to building simpler models of X-ray variability, attempts have been made to classify the light curves of GRS 1915+105 as chaotic or stochastic. Contrary to some of the earlier suggestions, after careful analysis, we find no evidence for chaos or determinism in any of the GRS 1915+105 classes. The dearth of long and stationary data sets representing all the different variability classes of GRS 1915+105 makes it a poor candidate for analysis using nonlinear time series techniques. We conclude that either very exhaustive data analysis with sufficiently long and stationary light curves should be performed, keeping all the pitfalls of nonlinear time series analysis in mind, or alternative schemes of classifying the light curves should be adopted. The generic limitations of the techniques that we point out in the context of GRS 1915+105 affect all similar investigations of light curves from other astrophysical sources.
INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A HIGH-ORDER ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEM FOR THE 1 m NEW VACUUM SOLAR TELESCOPE AT FUXIAN SOLAR OBSERVATORY
Authors: Rao Changhui , Zhu Lei , Rao Xuejun , Zhang Lanqiang , Bao Hua , Kong Lin , Guo Youming , Zhong Libo , Ma Xue’an , Li Mei , Wang Cheng , Zhang Xiaojun , Fan Xinlong , Chen Donghong , Feng Zhongyi , Gu Naiting , Liu Yangyi 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
A high-order solar adaptive optics (AO) system including a fine tracking loop and a high-order wavefront correction loop has been installed at the 1 m New Vacuum Solar Telescope of the Fuxian Solar Observatory, in routine operation since 2016. The high-order wavefront correction loop consists of a deformable mirror with 151 actuators, a correlating Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor with 102 subapertures of which the Absolute Difference Square Algorithm is used to extract the gradients, and a custom-built real-time controller based on a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and multi-core Digital Signal Processor (DSP). The frame rate of the wavefront sensor is up to 3500 Hz and this is, to our knowledge, the fastest solar AO system. This AO system can work with a Fried parameter r
0, at the 500 nm wavelength, of larger than 3 cm. The first 65 modes of the Zernike aberrations can be efficiently corrected and the Strehl ratio of the corrected TiO image for the solar pore is superior to 0.75 with the Fried parameter r
0 larger than 10 cm. In this paper, the design of the system is described, and high-resolution solar observational images are presented. Furthermore, the performances of the AO system are evaluated according to the data recorded by the real-time controller.
TERRESTRIAL PLANETS ACROSS SPACE AND TIME
Authors: Zackrisson Erik , Calissendorff Per , González Juan , Benson Andrew , Johansen Anders , Janson Markus 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
The study of cosmology, galaxy formation, and exoplanets has now advanced to a stage where a cosmic inventory of terrestrial planets (TPs) may be attempted. By coupling semianalytic models of galaxy formation to a recipe that relates the occurrence of planets to the mass and metallicity of their host stars, we trace the population of TPs around both solar-mass (FGK type) and lower-mass (M dwarf) stars throughout all of cosmic history. We find that the mean age of TPs in the local universe is

for FGK hosts and

for M dwarfs. We estimate that hot Jupiters have depleted the population of TPs around FGK stars by no more than

, and that only

of the TPs at the current epoch are orbiting stars in a metallicity range for which such planets have yet to be confirmed. The typical TP in the local universe is located in a spheroid-dominated galaxy with a total stellar mass comparable to that of the Milky Way. When looking at the inventory of planets throughout the whole observable universe, we argue for a total of

and

TPs around FGK and M stars, respectively. Due to light travel time effects, the TPs on our past light cone exhibit a mean age of just 1.7 ± 0.2 Gyr. These results are discussed in the context of cosmic habitability, the Copernican principle, and searches for extraterrestrial intelligence at cosmological distances.
THE INTERACTION OF TURBULENCE WITH PARALLEL AND PERPENDICULAR SHOCKS: THEORY AND OBSERVATIONS AT 1 au
Authors: Adhikari L. , Zank G. P. , Hunana P. , Hu Q. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
Shocks are thought to be responsible for the amplification of turbulence as well as for generating turbulence throughout the heliosphere. We study the interaction of turbulence with parallel and perpendicular shock waves using the six-coupled-equation turbulence transport model of Zank et al. We model a 1D stationary shock wave using a hyperbolic tangent function and the Rankine–Hugoniot conditions for both a reduced model with four coupled equations and the full model. Eight quasi-parallel and five quasi-perpendicular events in the WIND spacecraft data sets are identified, and we compute the fluctuating magnetic and kinetic energy, the energy in forward and backward propagating modes, the total turbulent energy, the normalized residual energy, and the normalized cross helicity upstream and downstream of the observed shocks. We compare the observed fitted values upstream and downstream of the shock with numerical solutions to our model equations. The comparison shows that our theoretical results are in reasonable agreement with observations for both quasi-parallel and perpendicular shocks. We find that (1) the total turbulent energy, the energy in forward and backward propagating modes, and the normalized residual energy increase across the shock, (2) the normalized cross helicity increases or decreases across the shock, and (3) the correlation length increases upstream and downstream of the shock, and slightly flattens or decreases across the shock.
DETERMINING PITCH-ANGLE DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS FROM TEST PARTICLE SIMULATIONS
Authors: Ivascenko Alex , Lange Sebastian , Spanier Felix , Vainio Rami 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
The transport and acceleration of charged particles in turbulent media are topics of great interest in space physics and interstellar astrophysics. These processes are dominated by the scattering of particles off magnetic irregularities. The scattering process itself is usually described by small-angle scattering, with the pitch-angle coefficient

playing a major role. Since the diffusion coefficient

can be determined analytically only for the approximation of quasilinear theory, the determination of this coefficient from numerical simulations has become more important. So far these simulations have yielded particle tracks for small-scale scattering, which can then be interpreted using the running diffusion coefficients. This method has a limited range of validity. This paper presents two new methods that allow for the calculation of the pitch-angle diffusion coefficient from numerical simulations. These methods no longer analyze particle trajectories and instead examine the change of particle distribution functions. It is shown that these methods provide better resolved results and allow for the analysis of strong turbulence. The application of these methods to Monte Carlo simulations of particle scattering and hybrid MHD-particle simulations is presented. Both analysis methods are able to recover the diffusion coefficients used as input for the Monte Carlo simulations and provide better results in MHD simulations, especially for stronger turbulence.
SYSTEMATIC NON-LTE STUDY OF THE −2.6 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ 0.2 F AND G DWARFS IN THE SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD. II. ABUNDANCE PATTERNS FROM Li TO Eu*
Authors: Zhao G. , Mashonkina L. , Yan H. L. , Alexeeva S. , Kobayashi C. , Pakhomov Yu. , Shi J. R. , Sitnova T. , Tan K. F. , Zhang H. W. , Zhang J. B. , Zhou Z. M. , Bolte M. , Chen Y. Q. , Li X. , Liu F. , Zhai M. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
For the first time, we present an extensive study of stars with individual non-LTE (NLTE) abundances for 17 chemical elements from Li to Eu in a sample of stars uniformly distributed over the −2.62 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ +0.24 metallicity range that is suitable for the Galactic chemical evolution research. The star sample has been kinematically selected to trace the Galactic thin and thick disks and halo. We find new results and improve earlier ones as follows: (i) the element-to-iron ratios for Mg, Si, Ca, and Ti form a metal-poor (MP) plateau at a similar height of 0.3 dex, and the knee occurs at common [Fe/H] ≃ −0.8. The knee at the same metallicity is observed for [O/Fe], and the MP plateau is formed at [O/Fe] = 0.61. (ii) The upward trend of [C/O] with decreasing metallicity exists at [Fe/H] < −1.2, supporting the earlier finding of Akerman et al. (iii) An underabundance of Na relative to Mg in the [Fe/H] < −1 stars is nearly constant, with the mean [Na/ Mg] ≃ −0.5. (iv) The K/Sc, Ca/Sc, and Ti/Sc ratios form well-defined trends, suggesting a common site of the K–Ti production. (v) Sr follows the Fe abundance down to [Fe/H] ≃ −2.5, while Zr is enhanced in MP stars. (vi) The comparisons of our results with some widely used Galactic evolution models are given. The use of the NLTE element abundances gives increased credit to the interpretation of the data in the context of the chemical evolution of the Galaxy.
A Century of Therapeutic Use of the Physical Environment
Authors: Marshall Amy , Myers Christine , Pierce Doris 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
In this article, we describe the use of the objects and spaces of the physical environment by occupational therapy practitioners in the United States over the profession’s first 100 years. Using professional literature selected by decade from the years 1917 through 2016 to obtain data, we applied grounded theory methods to complete a detailed description. Team-based analysis over four coding schemes yielded a theoretical description of the profession’s therapeutic use of the physical environment. Study findings included descriptions across occupational therapy’s history of (1) treatment spaces, (2) the concepts of adapting and grading, and (3) a typology of constructive and nonconstructive applications of objects and activities by occupational therapy clients and practitioners. This extended historical perspective on trajectories of change in intervention space, the role of physical products in intervention, therapist repertoire, and the enduring role of adaptation suggests how the physical environment may be used in future practice.
Een ‘punitive turn’ bij de aanpak van financieel-economische criminaliteit?
Authors: Huisman W. 
Published: December 2016

Een ‘punitive turn’ bij de aanpak van financieel-economische criminaliteit?
In dit redactioneel wordt betoogd dat er de laatste jaren sprake is van een meer punitieve reactie op financieel-economische criminaliteit. Ingegaan wordt op de achtergronden en gevolgen van deze ontwikkeling.
Civiele vorderingen en transnationale racketeering
Authors: Ryngaert C.M.J. 
Published: December 2016

Civiele vorderingen en transnationale racketeering
In RJR Nabisco besliste het Amerikaanse Hooggerechtshof dat de Europese Unie en haar lidstaten in de VS geen civiele vordering konden indienen op basis van de Amerikaanse racketeeringwetgeving wanneer de schade van racketeering buiten de VS is ingetreden. De redenering van het Hof dat deze uitspraak internationale spanning voorkomt, overtuigt niet, integendeel. Deze uitspraak past in een evolutie waarbij Amerikaanse rechtbanken een steeds isolationistischer houding aannemen tegenover transnationale zaken. Men mag verwachten dat dergelijke zaken, met inbegrip van strafzaken, zich steeds meer zullen verplaatsen naar andere jurisdicties, waaronder de EU en Nederland.
Een extra termijn van de Brzo-omgevingsdiensten voor het indienen van het VR: gunst of niet?
Authors: d’Hooghe B. , IJdema C.J. 
Published: December 2016

Een extra termijn van de Brzo-omgevingsdiensten voor het indienen van het VR: gunst of niet?
Bedrijven die onder het zwaarste regime van het nieuwe Besluit risico’s zware ongevallen 2015 (hierna Brzo 2015) vallen, hadden vóór 1 juni 2016 een veiligheidsrapport moeten indienen dat aan de eisen van het Brzo 2015 voldoet. Dat was in de praktijk problematisch omdat inwerkingtreding van de Regeling risico’s zware ongevallen 2015 lang op zich heeft laten wachten en de PGS 6-richtlijn nog niet definitief is aangepast. Om die reden hebben de Brzo-omgevingsdiensten aan bestaande inrichtingen laten weten dat een ‘begunstigingstermijn’ zal worden geboden tot en met 1 januari 2017 om te voldoen aan het Brzo 2015. Wij hebben onderzocht of Brzo-bedrijven op basis van de brief inderdaad langer de tijd mochten nemen om een nieuw veiligheidsrapport in te dienen, of dat zij daardoor op het verkeerde been zijn gezet.
Wwft en het strafrecht
Authors: Rozemeijer J.P. , van der Meulen C. 
Published: December 2016

Wwft en het strafrecht
De Wwft-meldplichtigen zijn de poortwachters van het economische stelsel in de strijd tegen witwassen en terrorismefinanciering. Indien die poortwachters zich niet houden aan hun meldplicht van ongebruikelijke transacties of de plicht tot cliëntenonderzoek kunnen zij naast bestuurs- of tuchtrechtelijk ook strafrechtelijk worden vervolgd. In dit artikel een analyse van de toenemende hoeveelheid strafrechtelijke jurisprudentie met betrekking tot Wwft/WED-zaken. In het bijzonder aandacht voor enkele Wwft/WED-specifieke leerstukken, te weten kleurloos opzet, het instellingsbegrip, de ‘ongebruikelijke transactie’, de vervolgingsuitsluitingsgrond, het transactiebegrip en de samengestelde transactie. Dit artikel behandelt tevens de vraag waarom Wwft-feiten strafrechtelijk worden aangepakt.
Three‐dimensional displacements of a large volcano flank movement during the May 2010 eruptions at Pacaya Volcano, Guatemala
Authors: Schaefer L. N. , Wang T. , Escobar‐Wolf R. , Oommen T. , Lu Z. , Kim J. , Lundgren P. R. , Waite G. P. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAlthough massive flank failure is fairly common in the evolution of volcanoes, measurements of flank movement indicative of instability are rare. Here 3‐D displacements from airborne radar amplitude images derived using an amplitude image pixel offset tracking technique show that the west and southwest flanks of Pacaya Volcano in Guatemala experienced large (~4 m), discrete landsliding that was ultimately aborted. Pixel offset tracking improved measurement recovery by nearly 50% over classic interferometric synthetic aperture radar techniques, providing unique measurements at the event. The 3‐D displacement field shows that the flank moved coherently downslope along a complex failure surface involving both rotational and along‐slope movement. Notably, the lack of continuous movement of the slide in the years leading up to the event emphasizes that active movement should not always be expected at volcanoes for which triggering factors (e.g., magmatic intrusions and eruptions) could precipitate sudden major flank instability.
Interrogation of electrical connector faults using miniaturized UWB sources
Authors: Tokgöz Çağatay , Dardona Sameh 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA diagnostic method for the detection, identification, and characterization of precursors of faults due to partial insertion of pin‐socket contacts within electrical connectors commonly used in avionics systems is presented. It is demonstrated that a miniaturized ultrawideband (UWB) source and a minispectrum analyzer can be employed to measure resonant frequency shifts in connector S parameters as a small and low‐cost alternative to a large and expensive network analyzer. The transfer function of an electrical connector is represented as a ratio of the spectra measured using the spectrum analyzer with and without the connector. Alternatively, the transfer function is derived in terms of the connector S parameters and the reflection coefficients at both ports of the connector. The transfer function data obtained using this derivation agreed well with its representation as a measured spectral ratio. The derivation enabled the extraction of the connector S parameters from the measured transfer function data as a function of the insertion depth of a pin‐socket contact within the connector. In comparison with the S parameters measured directly using a network analyzer at multiple insertion depths, the S parameters extracted from the measured transfer function showed consistent and reliable representation of the electrical connector fault. The results demonstrate the potential of integrating a low‐cost miniaturized UWB device into a connector harness for real‐time detection of precursors to partially inserted connector faults.
The Chemistry of Low‐Valent Organoaluminum Species
Authors: Wehmschulte Rudolf J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDuring the past 25 plus years, room‐temperature stable aluminum(I) and (II) compounds have become available through standard organometallic techniques, and their reactivity has been explored in much detail. The chemistry of aluminum(I) compounds may be viewed as that of a very reactive carbene (singlet and triplet, depending on the substrate). Typical reactions involve insertions into various EE or EX bonds and adduct formation with Lewis acids. Aluminum(II) compounds are generally dialumenes (R2AlAlR2) featuring an AlAl single bond. Their chemistry is similar to that of alanes (R3Al) with respect to substitutions and Lewis acid base chemistry but with a strong redox component. In many cases, substrates insert into the AlAl bond in a formally oxidative manner.
Meta‐Regression of a Dose‐Response Relationship of Methotrexate in Mono‐ and Combination Therapy in Disease‐Modifying Antirheumatic Drug–Naive Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: Bergstra S. A. , Allaart C. F. , Stijnen T. , Landewé R. B. M. 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveTo investigate a possible short‐term dose‐response relationship of initial treatment with methotrexate (MTX) in monotherapy and combination therapy in recent‐onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed on trials and cohorts, including early, disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD)–naive RA patients treated with MTX, with data on clinical results within 6 months from treatment start. Cohen's effect sizes were calculated for the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)/C‐reactive protein (CRP) level, and/or Disease Activity Score (DAS)/in 28 joints (DAS28) in 4 treatment groups: MTX monotherapy, or MTX in combination with synthetic (cs) DMARDs, biologic (b) DMARDs, or glucocorticoids. Random‐effects meta‐regression analyses were performed for each outcome, with treatment group as the predictor corrected for baseline HAQ or disease activity and assessment point.ResultsThirty‐one studies including 5,589 patients were included. The meta‐regression did not support higher effectiveness of increasing MTX dose in monotherapy. The number of treatment groups using combination therapy with csDMARDs was too small to perform meta‐regression analyses. In combination therapy with glucocorticoids, a higher MTX dose was associated with higher (worse) outcome HAQ, but not with DAS/DAS28 or ESR/CRP level. In combination therapy with bDMARDs, a higher MTX dose was associated with higher outcome HAQ and DAS/DAS28, but not with ESR/CRP level. All effect sizes were small.ConclusionIn DMARD‐naive, early RA patients who start MTX, either as monotherapy or in combination with bDMARDs or glucocorticoids, a higher initial dose of MTX was not associated with better clinical outcomes. This finding suggests that there is little short‐term gain from starting with high compared to low MTX doses.
Photocatalytic Dehydrogenative Cross‐Coupling of Alkenes with Alcohols or Azoles without External Oxidant
Authors: Yi Hong , Niu Linbin , Song Chunlan , Li Yiying , Dou Bowen , Singh Atul K. , Lei Aiwen 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDirect cross‐coupling between alkenes/R‐H or alkenes/RXH is a dream reaction, especially without external oxidants. Inputting energy by photocatalysis and employing a cobalt catalyst as a two‐electron acceptor, a direct C−H/X−H cross‐coupling with H2 evolution has been achieved for C−O and C−N bond formation. A new radical alkenylation using alkene as the redox compound is presented. A wide range of aliphatic alcohols—even long chain alcohols—are tolerated well in this system, providing a new route to multi‐substituted enol ether derivatives using simple alkenes. Additionally, this protocol can also be used for N‐vinylazole synthesis. Mechanistic insights reveal that the cobalt catalyst oxidizes the photocatalyst to revive the photocatalytic cycle.
Facile Reductive Silylation of UO22+ to Uranium(IV) Chloride
Authors: Kiernicki John J. , Zeller Matthias , Bart Suzanne C. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractGeneral reductive silylation of the UO22+ cation occurs readily in a one‐pot, two‐step stoichiometric reaction at room temperature to form uranium(IV) siloxides. Addition of two equivalents of an alkylating reagent to UO2X2(L)2 (X=Cl, Br, I, OTf; L=triphenylphosphine oxide, 2,2′‐bipyridyl) followed by two equivalents of a silyl (pseudo)halide, R3Si‐X (R=aryl, alkyl, H; X=Cl, Br, I, OTf, SPh), cleanly affords (R3SiO)2UX2(L)2 in high yields. Support is included for the key step in the process, reduction of UVI to UV. This procedure is applicable to a wide range of commercially available uranyl salts, silyl halides, and alkylating reagents. Under this protocol, one equivalent of SiCl4 or two equivalents of Me2SiCl2 results in direct conversion of the uranyl to uranium(IV) tetrachloride. Full spectroscopic and structural characterization of the siloxide products is reported.
2D‐ERT Survey for the Identification of Archaeological and Historical Structures beneath the Plaza of Santo Domingo, Mexico City, Mexico
Authors: Paz‐Arellano Pedro , Tejero‐Andrade Andrés , Argote‐Espino Denisse 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSanto Domingo public square (Plaza of Santo Domingo) is located in Mexico City's downtown area. The history of its transformations began in pre‐Hispanic times and is still being written. The objectives of this investigation were to establish the position of the northwest corner of the ancient Mexica wall and to determine whether the Plaza became a public square during pre‐Hispanic or colonial times, taking into account the contradictions of the historical sources. For this purpose, we implemented three 80‐m‐long electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) profiles in the Plaza and one on the eastern side of the Church of Santo Domingo de Guzmán. A Wenner–Schulmberger array was designed for the data acquisition. The results could support the hypothesis that the Plaza of Santo Domingo was designed and constructed as an open public area in colonial times, since the observations in the electric profiles beneath the square could reveal the presence of a pre‐Hispanic structure. This structure could be part of the wall that surrounded the Mexica ceremonial compound. At the eastern side of the Dominican church, the foundations of the first Spanish chapel were identified, as well as portions of modern concrete deposits injected into the subsoil to stabilize the constant subsidence of the building. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.