bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hunter perceptions toward chronic wasting disease: Implications for harvest and management
Authors: Haus Jacob M. , Eyler T. Brian , Duda Mark D. , Bowman Jacob L. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTPrevious human dimension research has reported negative perceptions among hunters toward Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) and disease‐related regulations that may limit hunter participation, reduce harvest, and generally complicate management. During 2013, we surveyed 1,524 Maryland, USA, deer (Odocoileus spp.) hunters from 3 counties of varying proximity to the Chronic Wasting Disease Management Area (CWDMA) regarding hunter behavioral changes due to CWD. We linked responses to each individual's harvest history to examine hunter retention, potential harvest reduction related to CWD presence and management, and degree to which distance from the disease affected behavior. Overall, 1.1% of respondents claimed to have stopped hunting because of CWD; however, 47.1% of those respondents continued to register deer after disease discovery, resulting in a true decrease in retention of no >0.6%. In the county containing the CWDMA, we observed the greatest percentage of negative perception (22.6%) and greatest reduction in harvest reportedly related to CWD (7.0%). In an adjacent county west of the CWDMA, we observed fewer negative perceptions (16.8%) and no reduction in harvest in response to disease discovery. Similar negative perceptions were reported in the county 200 km southeast of the CWDMA (14.1%), but also resulted in no reduction in harvest. Negative hunter perceptions did not seem to be directly related with hunter behavior. Behavioral shifts due to CWD were localized at the county scale and had less impact on annual harvest than normal year‐to‐year stochastic variability. Upon initial detection of CWD, we recommend implementing necessary protocols for disease management with the understanding that hunter perceptions may have negligible impact on harvest management. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Effect of enzyme supplements on macronutrient digestibility by healthy adult dogs
Authors: Villaverde Cecilia , Manzanilla Edgar G. , Molina Jenifer , Larsen Jennifer A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSome enzyme supplement products claim benefits for healthy dogs to compensate for alleged suboptimal production of endogenous enzymes and the loss of enzymes in commercial pet foods secondary to processing. The objective of the current study was to determine macronutrient and energy digestibility by healthy adult dogs fed a commercial maintenance diet with or without supplementation with plant- and animal-origin enzyme products at the dosage recommended by their respective manufacturers. A group of fourteen healthy neutered adult Beagle dogs (average age 8 years) was divided into two equal groups and fed the basal diet alone and then with either the plant- or animal-origin enzyme supplement in three consecutive 10-d periods; the treatment groups received the opposite enzyme supplement in the third period. Digestibility in each period was performed by the total faecal collection method. Serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity (TLI) was measured at the end of each trial. Data were analysed by repeated measures and the α level of significance was set at 0·05. There were no differences in energy and nutrient digestibility between enzyme treatments. When comparing basal with enzyme supplementation, fat digestibility was higher for the basal diet compared with the animal-origin enzyme treatment, which could be a period effect and was not biologically significant (94·7v. 93·5 %). Serum TLI was not affected by supplementation with either enzyme product. Exogenous enzyme supplementation did not significantly increase digestibility of a typical commercial dry diet in healthy adult dogs and routine use of such products is not recommended.
Writing Sovereignty in Invisible Ink? Autochthonous Sovereignty and Territorial Appropriations in Nineteenth-Century Franco-African Treaties
Authors: Surun Isabelle 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This article focuses on the modes of territorial appropriation that characterized the transition from the old to the new colonial regime, when Europeans built their empires in Africa. It analyzes the juridical construction of colonial territorialities based on a corpus of treaties concluded between agents of the French colonial authority and African chiefs, an instrument of legal appropriation that has to date been little explored by historians of international law. Studying the terminology used in these treaties reveals the instability of these categories and the uncertainty of European negotiators regarding the meaning of the legal frameworks they sought to impose on African chiefs. During the last decades of the nineteenth century, the protectorate emerged as the most common legal arrangement for regulating the sharing or transfer of sovereignty, based on a distinction between its external and internal dimensions. The consent of African chiefs to such arrangements therefore hung on whether they considered their territorial sovereignty to be divisible or indivisible.
Organizing Sovereign Provinces in Independent America: The Republic of Córdoba, 1776–1827
Authors: Verdo Geneviève 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This article considers the different political forms that emerged after the former viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata (which would eventually become Argentina) became independent. Based on the case of the Republic of Córdoba in the 1820s, it analyzes the territorial and institutional construction of an original political entity, the sovereign province. At the end of the eighteenth century, the reforms put in place under the Spanish Monarchy reinforced and politicized the territorial bodies that made up its empire, a process that continued after the revolution of independence. This created a tension between the sovereignty of these territorial bodies and the sovereignty of the “nation,” which operated according to different territorial constructions and brought different conceptions of sovereignty into play. While the Republic of Córdoba consolidated its internal sovereignty, it was also working toward integration into a larger political entity, envisaged as a confederation.
Gift, Sacrifice, and Sorcery: The Moral Economy of Alms in Senegal
Authors: Bondaz Julien , Bonhomme Julien 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In 2010, Senegal was gripped by a strange rumor known as the “death offering”: a mysterious individual driving a 4×4 was said to be distributing alms that killed all who accepted them. The story made the headlines, and several individuals accused of making deadly offerings were beaten by crowds. In this article, we show that the rumor destabilizes the everyday routines of charity and the religious solidarity that underpins them. In the context of Senegalese Islam, the rumor thus exposes the ambiguities inherent in the moral economy of alms (or sarax in Wolof). This paradigmatic case of the poisoned gift reveals a grey area between religion, magic, and sorcery. It also anxiously questions the relation between gift and sacrifice, two classic concepts in anthropology since Marcel Mauss.
A Pedagogical Turn in French Teacher Training The Case of the History and Geography CAPES
Authors: Delacroix Christian 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The “scientific” and “educational” questions raised by the relationship between research and the teaching of history have returned to the spotlight with the current reform of teacher training in France. Undertaken as part of the “Refounding the School System” project initiated in 2012 by minister of education Vincent Peillon, this reform accords a central place to pedagogical approaches and “professionalization.” This article analyzes some of the issues at stake in this “pedagogical turn” for the training of history and geography teachers, particularly with regard to renewed questions about the social function of history and the recurrent challenges and reservations on the part of academic historians about binding the notions of “scientific” and “educational” together.
Does History Need a Reset?
Authors: Hunt Lynn 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
David Armitage and Jo Guldi’s arguments about the crisis of history depend on assertions that have little or no factual basis; they misread their own data. Since the nature of the crisis is in doubt, it follows that the authors’ narrative of its causes must also come into question. Armitage and Guldi confuse microhistory with cultural history and mischaracterize the work of cultural historians. An alternative to their misreading and mischaracterization is to look at previous moments of perceived “crisis”: historians have been worrying about similar issues for nearly a century. To understand the distinctiveness of the present crisis, it would be useful to consider the effects of the relentless democratization of higher education rather than to blame certain historians for pushing history off course.
Optical-helicity-driven magnetization dynamics in metallic ferromagnets
Authors: Choi Gyung-Min , Schleife André , Cahill David G. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractRecent observations of switching of magnetic domains in ferromagnetic metals by circularly polarized light, so-called all-optical helicity dependent switching, has renewed interest in the physics that governs the interactions between the angular momentum of photons and the magnetic order parameter of materials. Here we use time-resolved-vectorial measurements of magnetization dynamics of thin layers of Fe, Ni and Co driven by picosecond duration pulses of circularly polarized light. We decompose the torques that drive the magnetization into field-like and spin-transfer components that we attribute to the inverse Faraday effect and optical spin-transfer torque, respectively. The inverse Faraday effect is approximately the same in Fe, Ni and Co, but the optical spin-transfer torque is strongly enhanced by adding a Pt capping layer. Our work provides quantitative data for testing theories of light–material interactions in metallic ferromagnets and multilayers.
Lgr5 is a marker for fetal mammary stem cells, but is not essential for stem cell activity or tumorigenesis
Authors: Trejo Christy L. , Luna Gidsela , Dravis Christopher , Spike Benjamin T. , Wahl Geoffrey M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe search for the bipotent mammary stem cells that drive mammary development requires markers to enable their prospective isolation. There is general agreement that bipotent mouse mammary stem cells are abundant in late fetal development, but their existence in the adult is vigorously debated. Among markers useful for mammary stem cell identification, the Wnt co-receptor Lgr5 has been suggested by some to be both “necessary and sufficient” for bipotency and transplantation of adult mammary stem cell activity, though other studies disagree. Importantly, the relevance of Lgr5 to the bipotency of fetal mammary stem cells has not been studied. We show here that expression of a fluorescent protein driven by the endogenous Lgr5 promoter enables significant fetal mammary stem cell enrichment. We used lineage tracing to demonstrate embryonic cells expressing Lgr5 are bipotent, while their adult counterparts are myoepithelial restricted. Importantly, our data conclusively demonstrate that Lgr5 is dispensable for both fetal and adult mammary stem cell activity and for the development of mammary tumors.
In Vivo Molecular Optical Coherence Tomography of Lymphatic Vessel Endothelial Hyaluronan Receptors
Authors: Si Peng , Sen Debasish , Dutta Rebecca , Yousefi Siavash , Dalal Roopa , Winetraub Yonatan , Liba Orly , de la Zerda Adam 
Published: April 2017

AbstractOptical Coherence Tomography (OCT) imaging of living subjects offers increased depth of penetration while maintaining high spatial resolution when compared to other optical microscopy techniques. However, since most protein biomarkers do not exhibit inherent contrast detectable by OCT, exogenous contrast agents must be employed for imaging specific cellular biomarkers of interest. While a number of OCT contrast agents have been previously studied, demonstrations of molecular targeting with such agents in live animals have been historically challenging and notably limited in success. Here we demonstrate for the first time that microbeads (µBs) can be used as contrast agents to target cellular biomarkers in lymphatic vessels and can be detected by OCT using a phase variance algorithm. This molecular OCT method enables in vivo imaging of the expression profiles of lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE-1), a biomarker that plays crucial roles in inflammation and tumor metastasis. In vivo OCT imaging of LVYE-1 showed that the biomarker was significantly down-regulated during inflammation induced by acute contact hypersensitivity (CHS). Our work demonstrated a powerful molecular imaging tool that can be used for high resolution studies of lymphatic function and dynamics in models of inflammation, tumor development, and other lymphatic diseases.
The E. coli molecular phenotype under different growth conditions
Authors: Caglar Mehmet U. , Houser John R. , Barnhart Craig S. , Boutz Daniel R. , Carroll Sean M. , Dasgupta Aurko , Lenoir Walter F. , Smith Bartram L. , Sridhara Viswanadham , Sydykova Dariya K. , Vander Wood Drew , Marx Christopher J. , Marcotte Edward M. , Barrick Jeffrey E. , Wilke Claus O. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractModern systems biology requires extensive, carefully curated measurements of cellular components in response to different environmental conditions. While high-throughput methods have made transcriptomics and proteomics datasets widely accessible and relatively economical to generate, systematic measurements of both mRNA and protein abundances under a wide range of different conditions are still relatively rare. Here we present a detailed, genome-wide transcriptomics and proteomics dataset of E. coli grown under 34 different conditions. Additionally, we provide measurements of doubling times and in-vivo metabolic fluxes through the central carbon metabolism. We manipulate concentrations of sodium and magnesium in the growth media, and we consider four different carbon sources glucose, gluconate, lactate, and glycerol. Moreover, samples are taken both in exponential and stationary phase, and we include two extensive time-courses, with multiple samples taken between 3 hours and 2 weeks. We find that exponential-phase samples systematically differ from stationary-phase samples, in particular at the level of mRNA. Regulatory responses to different carbon sources or salt stresses are more moderate, but we find numerous differentially expressed genes for growth on gluconate and under salt and magnesium stress. Our data set provides a rich resource for future computational modeling of E. coli gene regulation, transcription, and translation.
Inorganic carbon physiology underpins macroalgal responses to elevated CO2
Authors: Cornwall Christopher E. , Revill Andrew T. , Hall-Spencer Jason M. , Milazzo Marco , Raven John A. , Hurd Catriona L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBeneficial effects of CO2on photosynthetic organisms will be a key driver of ecosystem change under ocean acidification. Predicting the responses of macroalgal species to ocean acidification is complex, but we demonstrate that the response of assemblages to elevated CO2are correlated with inorganic carbon physiology. We assessed abundance patterns and a proxy for CO2:HCO3−use (δ13C values) of macroalgae along a gradient of CO2at a volcanic seep, and examined how shifts in species abundance at other Mediterranean seeps are related to macroalgal inorganic carbon physiology. Five macroalgal species capable of using both HCO3−and CO2had greater CO2use as concentrations increased. These species (and one unable to use HCO3−) increased in abundance with elevated CO2whereas obligate calcifying species, and non-calcareous macroalgae whose CO2use did not increase consistently with concentration, declined in abundance. Physiological groupings provide a mechanistic understanding that will aid us in determining which species will benefit from ocean acidification and why.
Radiomics-based Prognosis Analysis for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhang Yucheng , Oikonomou Anastasia , Wong Alexander , Haider Masoom A. , Khalvati Farzad 
Published: April 2017

AbstractRadiomics characterizes tumor phenotypes by extracting large numbers of quantitative features from radiological images. Radiomic features have been shown to provide prognostic value in predicting clinical outcomes in several studies. However, several challenges including feature redundancy, unbalanced data, and small sample sizes have led to relatively low predictive accuracy. In this study, we explore different strategies for overcoming these challenges and improving predictive performance of radiomics-based prognosis for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). CT images of 112 patients (mean age 75 years) with NSCLC who underwent stereotactic body radiotherapy were used to predict recurrence, death, and recurrence-free survival using a comprehensive radiomics analysis. Different feature selection and predictive modeling techniques were used to determine the optimal configuration of prognosis analysis. To address feature redundancy, comprehensive analysis indicated that Random Forest models and Principal Component Analysis were optimum predictive modeling and feature selection methods, respectively, for achieving high prognosis performance. To address unbalanced data, Synthetic Minority Over-sampling technique was found to significantly increase predictive accuracy. A full analysis of variance showed that data endpoints, feature selection techniques, and classifiers were significant factors in affecting predictive accuracy, suggesting that these factors must be investigated when building radiomics-based predictive models for cancer prognosis.
Saturated fatty acids induce development of both metabolic syndrome and osteoarthritis in rats
Authors: Sekar Sunderajhan , Shafie Siti Raihanah , Prasadam Indira , Crawford Ross , Panchal Sunil K. , Brown Lindsay , Xiao Yin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe predominant saturated fatty acids (SFA) in human diets are lauric acid (LA, C12:0), myristic acid (MA, C14:0), palmitic acid (PA, C16:0) and stearic acid (SA, C18:0). The aim of this study was to investigate whether diets containing individual SFA together with excess simple carbohydrates induce osteoarthritis (OA)-like changes in knee joints and signs of metabolic syndrome in rats. Rats were given either a corn starch diet or a diet composed of simple carbohydrates together with 20% LA, MA, PA, SA or beef tallow for 16 weeks. Rats fed beef tallow, SA, MA or PA diets developed signs of metabolic syndrome, and also exhibited cartilage degradation and subchondral bone changes similar to OA. In contrast, replacement of beef tallow with LA decreased signs of metabolic syndrome together with decreased cartilage degradation. Furthermore, PA and SA but not LA increased release of matrix sulphated proteoglycans in cultures of bovine cartilage explants or human chondrocytes. In conclusion, we have shown that longer-chain dietary SFA in rats induce both metabolic syndrome and OA-like knee changes. Thus, diets containing SFA are strongly relevant to the development or prevention of both OA and metabolic syndrome.
The ecdysis triggering hormone system is essential for successful moulting of a major hemimetabolous pest insect, Schistocerca gregaria
Authors: Lenaerts Cynthia , Cools Dorien , Verdonck Rik , Verbakel Lina , Vanden Broeck Jozef , Marchal Elisabeth 
Published: April 2017

AbstractInsects are enclosed in a rigid exoskeleton, providing protection from desiccation and mechanical injury. To allow growth, this armour needs to be replaced regularly in a process called moulting. Moulting entails the production of a new exoskeleton and shedding of the old one and is induced by a pulse in ecdysteroids, which activates a peptide-mediated signalling cascade. In Holometabola, ecdysis triggering hormone (ETH) is the key factor in this cascade. Very little functional information is available in Hemimetabola, which display a different kind of development characterized by gradual changes. This paper reports on the identification of the ETH precursor and the pharmacological and functional characterisation of the ETH receptor in a hemimetabolous pest species, the desert locust,Schistocerca gregaria. Activation ofSchgrETHR bySchgrETH results in an increase of both Ca2+and cyclic AMP, suggesting thatSchgrETHR displays dual coupling properties in anin vitrocell-based assay. Using qRT-PCR, an in-depth profiling study ofSchgrETHandSchgrETHRtranscripts was performed. Silencing ofSchgrETHandSchgrETHRresulted in lethality at the expected time of ecdysis, thereby showing their crucial role in moulting.
Adenosine A2A receptor and ERK-driven impulsivity potentiates hippocampal neuroblast proliferation
Authors: Oliveros A , Cho C H , Cui A , Choi S , Lindberg D , Hinton D , Jang M-H , Choi D-S 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDampened adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) function has been implicated in addiction through enhancement of goal-directed behaviors. However, the contribution of the A2AR to the control of impulsive reward seeking remains unknown. Using mice that were exposed to differential reward of low rate (DRL) schedules during Pavlovian-conditioning, second-order schedule discrimination, and the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT), we demonstrate that deficits of A2AR function promote impulsive responses. Antagonism of the A2AR lowered ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation in the dorsal hippocampus (dHip) and potentiated impulsivity during Pavlovian-conditioning and the 5-CSRTT. Remarkably, inhibition of ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation by U0126 in the dHip prior to Pavlovian-conditioning exacerbated impulsive reward seeking. Moreover, we found decreased A2AR expression, and reduced ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation in the dHip of equilibrative nucleoside transporter type 1 (ENT1–/–) null mice, which displayed exacerbated impulsivity. To determine whether impulsive response behavior is associated with hippocampal neuroblast development, we investigated expression of BrdU+ and doublecortin (DCX+) following 5-CSRTT testing. These studies revealed that impulsive behavior driven by inhibition of the A2AR is accompanied by increased neuroblast proliferation in the hippocampus.