bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional Quality of Triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm.) Grown under Different Cropping Systems
Authors: Straumīte Evita , Galoburda Ruta , Tomsone Lolita , Krūma Zanda , Grāmatiņa Ilze , Kronberga Arta , Stūrīte Ieviņa 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Triticale (× Triticosecale Wittm.) is mainly used for animal feed, but recent studies have shown its possible beneficial effect for human health. The objective of this study was to investigate the nutritional quality of triticale grown under different cropping systems in Latvia. Two winter triticale varieties, ‘Inarta’ and ‘Ruja’, were cultivated in 2014 and 2015 under conventional and organic cropping systems. Protein, starch, and total dietary fibre were determined using standard methods. Ultrasound assisted extraction was used for isolation of phenolic compounds. Total phenol content (TPC) and radical scavenging activity in extracts were determined spectrophotometrically. Overall, the highest content of protein, TPC and ABTS cation scavenging activity occurred in triticale harvested in 2014, due to favourable weather conditions (warm weather and more precipitation in June–July) for accumulation of these compounds during grain filling. Higher starch content in all studied samples harvested in 2015, as compared to 2014, was explained by higher precipitation in July 2015. The type of cropping system had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on protein and starch content, while TPC, DPPH, and ABTS·+ scavenging activity was influenced by cropping system, depending on variety.
Central Bank Independence and Inflation IN EU-28
Authors: Beju Daniela-Georgeta , Ciupac-Ulici Maria-Lenuţa , Fǎt Codruța-Maria 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Today, both policymakers and academicians consider that the central bank’s main goal is to guarantee price stability. The central bank can sustain the government’s economic policies, but only without prejudicing this objective. In order to focus on price stability several studies found that central bank should have a high level of independence. This is why during the recent decades the majority of developed countries, but also several emerging economies have employed institutional reforms that conferred their monetary authorities – the central bank – more independence.
Within the European Union the central bank independence is a crucial issue, since the Maastricht Treaty stipulates that one requirement for joining Economic and Monetary Union for the candidate member states is to give their central banks a sufficiently high level of independence. This official requirement has encouraged the countries from Centre and East Europe engaged on the way to adhere the Economic and Monetary Union to confer their central bank a great level of independence.
In this paper we analyze some important theoretic issues about central bank independence. We also make an empirical investigation regarding the evolution of inflation within European Union relative to the independence of member states’ central banks.
Multi-Criteria Analysis for Solar Farm Location Suitability
Authors: Mierzwiak Michal , Calka Beata 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Currently the number of solar farms, as a type of renewable sources of energy, is growing rapidly. Photovoltaic power stations have many advantages, which is an incentive for their building and development. Solar energy is readily available and inexhaustible, and its production is environmentally friendly. In the present study multiple environmental and economic criteria were taken into account to select a potential photovoltaic farm location, with particular emphasis on: protected areas, land cover, solar radiation, slope angle, proximity to roads, built-up areas, and power lines. Advanced data analysis were used because of the multiplicity of criteria and their diverse influence on the choice of a potential location. They included the spatial analysis, the Weighted Linear Combination Technique (WLC), and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) as a decisionmaking method. The analysis was divided into two stages. In the first one, the areas where the location of solar farms was not possible were excluded. In the second one, the best locations meeting all environmental and economic criteria were selected. The research was conducted for the Legionowo District, using data from national surveying and mapping resources such as: BDOT10k (Database of Topographic Objects), NMT (Numerical Terrain Model), and lands and buildings register. Finally, several areas meeting the criteria were chosen. The research deals with solar farms with up to 40 kW power. The results of the study are presented as thematic maps. The advantage of the method is its versatility. It can be used not only for any area, but with little modification of the criteria, it can also be applied to choose a location for wind farms.
Attitude and Loyalty to Two Brands of Beer of the Same Producer
Authors: Sudzina František 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The focus of the presented research is attitude and loyalty to two brands of beer produced by the Carlsberg Group – Tuborg and Carlsberg. Both beers are lagers. The Carlsberg Group markets Tuborg as a more premium brand, and it also aims to promote it to women. Unlike in the Netherlands with one brand – Heineken and unlike in the Czech Republic with many well-known brands by a multitude of producers, the Danish case gives a unique opportunity to investigate if customers truly prefer one of two brands or are approximately equally low with regards to both brands as it is produced by the same company and tastes very similarly (if not the same). The survey was conducted in Denmark. Respondents were Danish (not international) university students; such selection was done in order to ensure familiarity of respondents with both brands.
The Last Hundred Years of Land Use History in the Southern Part of Valdai Hills (European Russia): Reconstruction by Pollen and Historical Data
Authors: Novenko Elena , Shilov Pavel , Khitrov Dmitry , Kozlov Daniil 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The last one hundred years of land use history in the southern part of Valdai Hills (European Russia) were reconstructed on the base of high resolution pollen data from the peat monolith taken from the Central Forest State Reserve supplementing with historical records derived from maps of the General Land Survey of the 18th and 19th centuries and satellite images. According to the created age model provided by dating using radio-nuclides 210Pb and 137Cs, pollen data of the peat monolith allow us to reconstruct vegetation dynamics during the last one hundred years with high time resolution. The obtained data showed that, despite the location of the studied peatland in the center of the forest area and rather far away from possible croplands and hayfields, the pollen values of plants – anthropogenic indicators (Secale sereale, Centaurea cyanus, Plantago, Rumex, etc.) and micro-charcoal concentration are relatively high in the period since the beginning of the 20th century to the 1970s, especially in the peat horizon formed in the 1950s. In the late 1970s – the early 1980s when the pollen values of cereals gradually diminished in assemblages, the quantity of pollen of other anthropogenic indicators were also significantly reduced, which reflects the overall processes of the agriculture decline in the forest zone of the former USSR.
Development of a Large-Size Cyclic Direct Simple Shear Device for Characterization of Ground Materials with Oversized Particles
Authors: Zekkos Dimitrios , Athanasopoulos-Zekkos Adda , Hubler Jonathan , Fei Xunchang , Zehtab Kaveh H. , Marr W. Allen 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Direct simple shear (DSS) testing, despite its limitations, is one of the most common laboratory element tests in geotechnical engineering practice. The development and validation of a 300-mm diameter DSS device as well as test data generated for two materials with oversized particles, specifically pea gravel and municipal solid waste, are presented. The device has the capability to execute shear wave velocity measurements using both bender elements and accelerometers, as well as monotonic and cyclic testing under constant load or constant volume conditions. Validation testing using Ottawa sand C109 confirmed that the monotonic and cyclic constant volume response of the sand using the large-diameter device was similar to the results presented using conventional-sized DSS test devices. The shear wave velocity measurements using bender elements and accelerometers were found to be practically identical for the tested sand and pea gravel and were also consistent with data reported in the literature. The importance of axial (or vertical) displacement control during constant volume shearing is emphasized. It was found that tests that meet the ASTM D6528-07, Standard Test Method for Consolidated Undrained Direct Simple Shear Testing of Cohesive Soils, threshold of 0.05 % maximum axial strain during shearing may still result in different constant volume response, and it is recommended that (a) the threshold is changed to a maximum of 0.025 % and (b) the evolution of axial strain during constant volume shearing is always reported.
Heterogeneities in Axonal Structure and Transporter Distribution Lower Dopamine Reuptake Efficiency
Authors: Kaya Cihan , Cheng Mary H. , Block Ethan R. , Bartol Tom M. , Sejnowski Terrence J. , Sorkin Alexander , Faeder James R. , Bahar Ivet 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEfficient clearance of dopamine (DA) from the synapse is key to regulating dopaminergic signaling. This role is fulfilled by DA transporters (DATs). Recent advances in the structural characterization of DAT fromDrosophila(dDAT) and in high-resolution imaging of DA neurons and the distribution of DATs in living cells now permit us to gain a mechanistic understanding of DA reuptake eventsin silico. Using electron microscopy images and immunofluorescence of transgenic knock-in mouse brains that express hemagglutinin-tagged DAT in DA neurons, we reconstructed a realistic environment for MCell simulations of DA reuptake, wherein the identity, population and kinetics of homology-modeled human DAT (hDAT) substates were derived from molecular simulations. The complex morphology of axon terminals near active zones was observed to give rise to large variations in DA reuptake efficiency, and thereby in extracellular DA density. Comparison of the effect of different firing patterns showed that phasic firing would increase the probability of reaching local DA levels sufficiently high to activate low-affinity DA receptors, mainly owing to high DA levels transiently attained during the burst phase. The experimentally observed nonuniform surface distribution of DATs emerged as a major modulator of DA signaling: reuptake was slower, and the peaks/width of transient DA levels were sharper/wider under nonuniform distribution of DATs, compared with uniform. Overall, the study highlights the importance of accurate descriptions of extrasynaptic morphology, DAT distribution, and conformational kinetics for quantitative evaluation of dopaminergic transmission and for providing deeper understanding of the mechanisms that regulate DA transmission.
Visual Experience Facilitates BDNF-Dependent Adaptive Recruitment of New Neurons in the Postembryonic Optic Tectum
Authors: Hall Zachary J. , Tropepe Vincent 
Published: January 2018

Postembryonic brain development is sensitive to environmental input and sensory experience, but the mechanisms underlying healthy adaptive brain growth are poorly understood. Here, we tested the importance of visual experience on larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) postembryonic development of the optic tectum (OT), a midbrain structure involved in visually guided behavior. We first characterized postembryonic neurogenic growth in OT, in which new neurons are generated along the caudal tectal surface and contribute appositionally to anatomical growth. Restricting visual experience during development by rearing larvae in dim light impaired OT anatomical and neurogenic growth, specifically by reducing the survival of new neurons in the medial periventricular gray zone. Neuronal survival in the OT was reduced only when visual experience was restricted for the first 5 d following new neuron generation, suggesting that tectal neurons exhibit an early sensitive period in which visual experience protects these cells from subsequent neuronal loss. The effect of dim rearing on neuronal survival was mimicked by treatment with an NMDA receptor antagonist early, but not later, in a new neuron's life. Both dim rearing and antagonist treatment reduced BDNF production in the OT, and supplementing larvae with exogenous BDNF during dim rearing prevented neuronal loss, suggesting that visual experience protects new tectal neurons through neural activity-dependent BDNF expression. Collectively, we present evidence for a sensitive period of neurogenic adaptive growth in the larval zebrafish OT that relies on visual experience-dependent mechanisms.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTEarly brain development is shaped by environmental factors via sensory input; however, this form of experience-dependent neuroplasticity is traditionally studied as structural and functional changes within preexisting neurons. Here, we found that restricting visual experience affects development of the larval zebrafish optic tectum, a midbrain structure involved in visually guided behavior, by limiting the survival of newly generated neurons. We found that new tectal neurons exhibit a sensitive period soon after cell birth in which adequate visual experience, likely mediated by neuronal activity driving BDNF production within the tectum, would protect them from subsequent neuronal loss over the following week. Collectively, we present evidence for neurogenic adaptive tectal growth under different environmental lighting conditions.
Commonalities and Differences in the Substrates Underlying Consolidation of First- and Second-Order Conditioned Fear
Authors: Lay Belinda P.P. , Westbrook R. Frederick , Glanzman David L. , Holmes Nathan M. 
Published: January 2018

Consolidation of newly formed fear memories requires a series of molecular events within the basolateral complex of the amygdala (BLA). Once consolidated, new information can be assimilated into these established associative networks to form higher-order associations. Much is known about the molecular events involved in consolidating newly acquired fear memories but little is known about the events that consolidate a secondary fear memory. Here, we show that, within the male rat BLA, DNA methylation and gene transcription are crucial for consolidating both the primary and secondary fear memories. We also show that consolidation of the primary, but not the secondary, fear memory requiresde novoprotein synthesis in the BLA. These findings show that consolidation of a fear memory and its updating to incorporate new information recruit distinct processes in the BLA, and suggest that DNA methylation in the BLA is fundamental to consolidation of both types of conditioned fear.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOur data provide clear evidence that a different set of mechanisms mediate consolidation of learning about cues that signal learned sources of danger (i.e., second-order conditioned fear) compared with those involved in consolidation of learning about cues that signal innate sources of danger (i.e., first-order conditioned fear). These findings carry important implications because second-order learning could underlie aberrant fear-related behaviors (e.g., in anxiety disorders) as a consequence of neutral secondary cues being integrated into associative fear networks established through first-order pairings, and thereby becoming potent conditioned reinforcers and predictors of fear. Therefore, our data suggest that targeting such second-order conditioned triggers of fear may require pharmacological intervention different to that typically used for first-order conditioned cues.
Perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes com HIV em um centro de referência no sul do Brasil. Características de dez anos.
Authors: Silva Claudinei Mesquita da , Jorge Alex Sandro , Dalbosco Kelin , Peder Leyde Daiane de , Horvath Josana Dranka , Teixeira Jorge Juarez Vieira , Bertolini Dennis Armando 
Published: January 2018

Justificativa e Objetivos: A epidemia da infecção pelo HIV constitui um verdadeiro mosaico de sub-epidemias regionais. O estudo possuiu como objetivo descrever o perfil 2 dos pacientes recém-infectados com HIV em um centro de referência no Sul do Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, a partir de informações de prontuários e da Rede Nacional de Sistema de Controle de Testes de Laboratório. Foi realizada uma
análise descritiva, agrupadas pelo sexo, das características ociodemográficas, comportamentais e sorológica dos pacientes infectados pelo HIV, entre janeiro de 2005 a dezembro 2014. A associação entre as variáveis qualitativas foi realizada utilizando-se os testes Qui-quadrado ou Teste Exato de Fisher, e as quantitativas foram analisadas pelo
Teste de Wilcoxon. O nível de significância foi fixado em 5%. Resultados: A epidemia apresentou taxas crescentes, principalmente no sexo masculino e no município de Cascavel. A mediana da idade da população foi de 33 anos, sendo que 680 (57,43 %) eram homens. Em relação ao estado civil, o sexo masculino era predominantemente solteiro (51,99% versus (vs.) 34,10%). O tempo de diagnóstico menor/igual a dois anos
foi maior entre os homens (29,26% vs. 20,83%). A mediana da ontagem de células T CD4+ no sexo feminino foi superior ao masculino (416 células/mm3 vs. 334,5 células/mm3 ; p < 0,0001). Conclusão: Os características sociodemográficas, comportamentais e as disparidades regionais devem ser levadas em conta na formulação de programas de prevenção.
DESCRITORES: HIV. Epidemiologia. Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida.
Competency indices to assess the knowledge, skills and abilities of clinical research professionals
Authors: Hornung Carlton A. , Jones Carolynn Thomas , Calvin-Naylor Nancy A. , Kerr Jared , Sonstein Stephen A. , Hinkley Terri , Ellingrod Vicki L. 
Published: January 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Clinical research in the 21<sup>st</sup> century will require a well-trained workforce to ensure that research protocols yield valid and reliable results. Several organizations have developed lists of core competencies for clinical trial coordinators, administrators, monitors, data management/informaticians, regulatory affairs personnel and others.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> We used data collected by the joint task force on the harmonization of core competencies from a survey of research professionals working in the US and Canada to create competency Indices for clinical research professionals. Respondents reported how competent they believed themselves to be on 51 clinical research core competencies.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Factor analyzes identified 20 core competencies that defined a competency index for clinical research professionals—general (CICRP-General, i.e., GCPs) and four sub-indices that define specialized research functions: Medicines Development; Ethics and Participant Safety; Data Management; and Research Concepts. </p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> These indices can be used to gage an individual’s readiness to perform general as well as more advanced research functions; to assess the education and training needs of research workers; and to evaluate the impact of education and training programs on the competency of research coordinators, monitors and other clinical research team members.</p>
Apresentação
Authors: Durão Fabio Akcelrud , Teschke Henning 
Published: January 2018

O processo de editoração de uma revista de pesquisa em literatura e teoria não é linear. Ele começa com a discussão entre os editores a respeito do tema que desejam para o dossiê temático; em seguida, é feita a chamada e divulgada o mais amplamente possível. Ao receber as submissões, os editores devem achar uma medida exata de flexibilidade para mediar o que tinham em mente e o material que recebem. Se rígidos demais, o volume não sai (e surge o argumento: por que não escrevem eles mesmos os artigos?); se excessivamente lenientes, o dossiê desfigura-se, tornando-se conceitualmente insustentável.
El "descubrimiento moderno de la oralidad" y los medios audiovisuales
Authors: Cabot Mateu 
Published: January 2018

É a conscientização, por volta de 1963, da revolução que levou à adoção generalizada da escrita. Consciência que ocorre justamente no momento em que a escrita mostra seus primeiros sinais de crise antes do avanço da emergente cultura da mídia, na época, nos países economicamente mais desenvolvidos. Pretendemos neste artigo explorar as possibilidades de estabelecer analogias entre a primeira mudança e a atual, bem como abordar a preponderância da comunicação visual em detrimento da escrita.
Pasini, Leandro. A apreensão do desconcerto: subjetividade e nação na poesia de Mário de Andrade.
Authors: Maciel Emílio 
Published: January 2018

Numa conhecida passagem de No caminho de Swann, o narrador em primeira pessoa, recolhido ao conforto do quarto para mergulhar na leitura, tem sua atenção momentaneamente desviada pelo ruído obsedante das moscas, que até então fazia as vezes de pano de fundo à sua atividade principal. Num trecho que parece tentar justificar ou no mínimo racionalizar certa sensação de inércia – responsável por privar Marcel de ver com os próprios olhos o espetáculo da natureza –, o detalhe em aparência arbitrário e até irritante é convertido na sequência do raciocínio em inesperada sinopse do mundo exterior, num volteio onde a intimação totalizadora das impressões óticas parece perder gradualmente força diante da discreta obliquidade do ruído em surdina, monumentalizado por Proust na bela metáfora da “música de câmera do verão”.
Taxonomic formula of geoecological hazard for the cadastral districts of Moscow city
Authors: Karfidova Ekaterina Aleksandrovna , Komarevskaia Mariia Nikolaevna 
Published: January 2018

The article proposes a method for calculating the taxonomic formula for the geoecological hazard of the cadastral district. The engineering-geological zoning map uses for calculating the balance of the territory by the hazard index – the basis of the taxonomic formula. The taxonomic formula as an open data set makes it possible to characterize the geoecological hazards of the territory of a district. The geoenvironmental hazard map of cadastral districts is necessary for regional model of spatial planning at the municipal level.