bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Me, myself and I: perceptions of social capital for mothers ageing out of the child welfare system
Authors: Radey Melissa , Schelbe Lisa , McWey Lenore M. , Holtrop Kendal 
Published: August 2016

AbstractYouth ageing out of the child welfare system become parents at rates two to three times higher than their non‐child welfare system involved peers. Substantial literature acknowledges that youth ageing out who are parenting are vulnerable; yet, little is known about their lived experiences. Social capital, or the actual or potential resources available from one's network, can provide essential resources for the wellbeing of parents ageing out. This qualitative study examined social capital of mothers ageing out from the perspectives of both mothers and service providers. We conducted small group interviews with 13 mothers ageing out and 14 service providers. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings revealed the use of a social capital framework delineates that mothers lacked beneficial social relationships and, consequently, support. A lack of trust coupled with a desire to break intergenerational patterns and norms contributed to understanding why mothers ageing out may not capitalize on resources that providers often considered available. Based on findings, we conclude that providing mothers ageing out with additional opportunities to develop trust, positive relationships with mentors and extended services may help to disrupt intergenerational patterns of maltreatment and promote child and family wellbeing.
Narrow band imaging as screening test for early detection of laryngeal cancer: a prospective study
Authors: De Vito A. , Meccariello G. , Vicini C. 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesTo analyse the specificity and sensibility of narrow band imaging illumination technology in the early detection of laryngeal cancer in the patients’ population without previous diagnosis of laryngeal cancer in a screening setting.DesignUnicentre, prospective study.SettingOne tertiary medical centre.ParticipantsA total of 158 patients completed all protocol steps.Main outcome measuresSensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of narrow band imaging (NBI) in detecting precancerous lesions and early laryngeal cancer.ResultsThe blind assessment of NBI patterns concurred in 90% of patients. In identifying laryngeal cancer and its precursor lesions, in‐office NBI showed a high sensitivity of 97% (CI, 84.2%–99.9%), specificity of 92.5% (CI, 79.6%–98.4%), PPV of 91.4% (CI, 76.9%–98.2%), NPV of 97.4% (CI, 86.2%–99.9%) and accuracy of 94.5% but intra‐operative NBI demonstrated a sensitivity of 97% (CI, 84.2%–99.9%), a slightly higher specificity of 95% (CI, 83.1%–99.4%), PPV of 94.1% (CI, 80.3%–993%), NPV of 97.4% (CI, 86.5%–99.9%) and accuracy of 95.9%. The comparative receiver operating characteristic curves confirmed a slightly higher performance for the intra‐operative NBI evaluation without any statistical significance (P = 0.41).ConclusionsOur results confirm the high values of sensitivity and specificity of NBI system in detecting pre‐neoplastic laryngeal lesions or early laryngeal cancer in a patients’ population selected only by means of risk factors exposure and confirmed the potential role of NBI evaluation as in‐office screening tool.
The influences of parental divorce and maternal‐versus‐paternal alcohol abuse on offspring lifetime suicide attempt
Authors: Thompson Ronald G. , Alonzo Dana , Hu Mei‐Chen , Hasin Deborah S. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIntroduction and aimsResearch indicates that parental divorce and parental alcohol abuse independently increase likelihood of offspring lifetime suicide attempt. However, when experienced together, only parental alcohol abuse significantly increased odds of suicide attempt. It is unclear to what extent differences in the effect of maternal versus paternal alcohol use exist on adult offspring lifetime suicide attempt risk. This study examined the influences of parental divorce and maternal–paternal histories of alcohol problems on adult offspring lifetime suicide attempt.Design and MethodsThe sample consisted of participants from the 2001–2002 National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. The simultaneous effect of childhood or adolescent parental divorce and maternal and paternal history of alcohol problems on offspring lifetime suicide attempt was estimated using a logistic regression model with an interaction term for demographics and parental history of other emotional and behavioural problems.ResultsParental divorce and maternal–paternal alcohol problems interacted to differentially influence the likelihood of offspring lifetime suicide attempt. Experiencing parental divorce and either maternal or paternal alcohol problems nearly doubled the likelihood of suicide attempt. Divorce and history of alcohol problems for both parents tripled the likelihood.Discussion and ConclusionIndividuals who experienced parental divorce as children or adolescents and who have a parent who abuses alcohol are at elevated risk for lifetime suicide attempt. These problem areas should become a routine part of assessment to better identify those at risk for lifetime suicide attempt and to implement early and targeted intervention to decrease such risk. [Thompson RG Jr,Alonzo D, Hu M‐C, Hasin DS. The influences of parental divorce and maternal‐versus‐paternal alcohol abuse on offspringlifetime suicide attempt. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;36:408–414]
Disappearing climates will limit the efficacy of Amazonian protected areas
Authors: Feeley Kenneth J. , Silman Miles R. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAmazonian forests support high biodiversity and provide valuable ecosystem services. Unfortunately, these forests are under extreme pressure from land use change and other anthropogenic disturbances. A recent study combined data from an Amazon‐wide network of forest inventory plots with spatially explicit deforestation models to predict that by 2050, 36% or 57% of species will be ‘globally threatened’, as defined by IUCN Red List criteria, due to deforestation under Increased‐Governance or Business‐As‐Usual scenarios, respectively. It was also predicted that the number of threatened species will drop by 29–44% if no deforestation occurs within protected areas. However, even the best‐protected areas of the Amazon may still be susceptible to the effects of climate change and rising temperatures. To illustrate the potential dangers of climate change for Amazonian parks, we calculated the percentage of land area within all officially designated protected areas of tropical South America that will or will not have future temperature analogs under various scenarios of temperature change and park connectivity. We show that depending on the rate of warming and degree of connectivity, about 19–67% of protected areas will not have any temperature analogs in the near future (2050s). These results help to emphasize that protected areas are not immune to the effects of climate change and that large portions of Amazonian protected areas include ‘disappearing climates’. In the face of these disappearing climates, the biggest determinant of many species’ extinction risks may be their ability to migrate through non‐protected habitats.
Effectiveness of cognitive–behavioural therapy on glycaemic control and psychological outcomes in adults with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Uchendu C. , Blake H. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimDiabetes is a chronic progressive condition presenting physical, social and psychological challenges that increase the risk of comorbid mental health problems. Cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) is effective in treating a variety of psychological disorders, and may potentially improve glycaemic control and psychological outcomes in diabetes. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aims to establish the effectiveness of CBT on glycaemic control and comorbid diabetes‐related distress, depression, anxiety and quality of life in the short, medium and longer term among adults with diabetes.MethodAn electronic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Knowledge, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and references in reviews. Twelve randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified that evaluated the effectiveness of CBT on at least one of: glycaemic control, diabetes‐related distress, anxiety, depression or quality of life in adults with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and Review Manager version 5.3 were used for risk of bias assessment and meta‐analysis, respectively.ResultsCBT is effective in reducing short‐term and medium‐term glycaemic control, although no significant effect was found for long‐term glycaemic control. CBT improved short‐ and medium‐term anxiety and depression, and long‐term depression. Mixed results were found for diabetes‐related distress and quality of life.ConclusionCBT is beneficial in improving depression for adults with diabetes. It may have benefits for improving glycaemic control and other aspects of psychological health, although the findings are inconclusive.
Clinical utility of three‐dimensional echocardiography in the evaluation of tricuspid regurgitation induced by implantable device leads
Authors: Cheng Yan , Gao Huanhuan , Tang Liyan , Li Jing , Yao Lei 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesImplantable device leads could cause tricuspid regurgitation (TR) by interfering with leaflet motion. This study evaluated the feasibility of using three‐dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (3DTTE) to identify lead‐induced tricuspid regurgitation (LITR).Methods3DTTE full‐volume images of the right ventricle (RV) and zoomed images of the tricuspid valve were obtained in 207 patients with implanted devices, and the images were analyzed. TR severity was estimated based on measurements of the proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) radius.Results3DTTE clearly identified the course and position of the leads in 74% of the patients. The lead tips were located in the RV apex or outflow tract in 95% of patients and in the interventricular septum (IVS) in 5% of patients. At the tricuspid annular level, 25% of leads were impinging on a leaflet, 41% were located in the commissure of two leaflets, and 34% were in the middle of the tricuspid orifice. 3D images revealed that when the lead tip was in the IVS or the lead was impinging on a leaflet, the device lead was more likely to interfere with leaflet mobility (P<.05). Interfering leads were associated with more significant TR than noninterfering leads (P<.05).Conclusions3DTTE showed a clear association between lead interference and TR worsening after lead placement. 3DTTE guidance should be considered for the placement of leads.
Transurethral endoscopic‐guided intraluminal closure of multiple urinary bladder tears in a standing mare
Authors: Pye J. L. , Collins N. M. , Adkins A. R. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThis case report is the first published description of a minimally invasive transurethral endoscopic‐guided approach to repair multiple bladder tears in a standing mare. The mare was diagnosed with a ruptured bladder 48 h post‐partum based on clinical signs, transabdominal ultrasonography, serum and peritoneal fluid analysis, and cystoscopy. Under sedation and epidural anaesthesia and with cystoscopic visualisation, two bladder tears were sutured using an articulating endoscopic suturing device. The device was placed transurethrally and a simple continuous pattern of 2‐0 braided lactomer used to close two full‐thickness tears. The surgery time was 50 min and no complications were encountered. Cystoscopy 60 days post‐operatively confirmed complete healing of the tears and no evidence of urolithiasis.
Morphological change of skin fibroblasts induced by UV Irradiation is involved in photoaging
Authors: Yamaba Hiroyuki , Haba Manami , Kunita Mayumi , Sakaida Tsutomu , Tanaka Hiroshi , Yashiro Youichi , Nakata Satoru 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHuman dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) are typically flattened or extensible shaped and play a critical role in the metabolism of extracellular matrix components. As the properties of fibroblasts in the dermis are considered to be influenced by their morphology, we investigated the morphological changes induced in fibroblasts by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation as well as the relationship between these changes and collagen metabolism. In this study, we showed that UVA exposure induced morphological changes and reduced collagen contents in HDFs. These morphological changes were accompanied a reduction in actin filaments and upregulation of the actin filament polymerization inhibitor, capping protein muscle Z‐line ɑ1 (CAPZA1). External actin filament growth inhibitors also affected the shape of HDFs and reduced collagen levels. These results suggest that UVA exposure may inhibit the polymerization of actin filaments and induce morphological changes in skin fibroblasts. These morphological changes in fibroblasts may accelerate reductions in collagen synthesis. This mechanism may be one of the processes responsible for collagen reductions observed in photoaged skin. When natural materials that suppress these morphological changes in HDFs were evaluated, we found that an extract of Lilium ‘Casa Blanca’ (LCB) suppressed UVA‐induced alterations in the shape of HDFs, which are typically followed by inhibition of collagen reduction. An analysis of the active compounds in LCB extract led to the identification of regaloside I, which had a structure of phenylpropanoid glycerol glucoside, as the active compound inhibiting the upregulation of CAPZA1. Therefore, inhibition of UVA‐induced morphological changes in HDFs is considered to be promising way for the suppression of collagen reduction in photoaging.
A new algorithm for estimating fatigue life under mean value of stress
Authors: Kluger K. , Lagoda T. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis paper discusses two problems: allowing for mean value of torsional stress and the variability of material properties with out of‐parallel fatigue characteristics. The effect of normal mean stress and shear mean stress is modified by reduction coefficients, which, to a large extent, depend on the value of existing loads. These coefficients have been developed experimentally on the basis of an analysis of the findings from fatigue tests on 2017A‐T4 and 6082‐T6 aluminium alloys and S355 alloy steel. The methods of calculation, suggested in this paper, are applicable to the materials in elastic–plastic state. The suggested algorithm for estimating fatigue life for the combination of bending or tension and compression and torsion under shear stress is based on Kluger's stress criterion. The usability of the algorithm was verified by comparing the calculation results with the results of own experimental tests on 2017A‐T4 and 6082‐T6 aluminium alloys, which have been noted to indicate sensitivity to shear mean stress, and the tests found in the professional literature (tests on S355, 30CrNiMo8 and 30NCD16 steel and Ti‐6Al‐4 V titanium alloy). A comparative analysis of the calculation and experimental results proved that there is a satisfactory correlation between them.
Paleogenetic records of Daphnia pulicaria in two North American lakes reveal the impact of cultural eutrophication
Authors: Frisch Dagmar , Morton Philip K. , Culver Billy W. , Edlund Mark B. , Jeyasingh Punidan D. , Weider Lawrence J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractUnderstanding the evolutionary consequences of the green revolution, particularly in wild populations, is an important frontier in contemporary biology. Because human impacts have occurred at varying magnitudes or time periods depending on the study ecosystem, evolutionary histories may vary considerably among populations. Paleogenetics in conjunction with paleolimnology enable us to associate microevolutionary dynamics with detailed information on environmental change. We used this approach to reconstruct changes in the temporal population genetic structure of the keystone zooplankton grazer, Daphnia pulicaria, using dormant eggs extracted from sediments in two Minnesota lakes (South Center, Hill). The extent of agriculture and human population density in the catchment of these lakes has differed markedly since European settlement in the late 19th century and is reflected in their environmental histories reconstructed here. The reconstructed environments of these two lakes differed strongly in terms of environmental stability and their associated patterns of Daphnia population structure. We detected long periods of stability in population structure and environmental conditions in South Center Lake that were followed by a dramatic temporal shift in population genetic structure after the onset of European settlement and industrialized agriculture in its watershed. In particular, we noted a 24.3‐fold increase in phosphorus (P) flux between pre‐European and modern sediment P accumulation rates (AR) in this lake. In contrast, no such shifts were detected in Hill Lake, where the watershed was not as impacted by European settlement and rates of change were less directional with a much smaller increase in sediment P AR (2.3‐fold). We identify direct and indirect effects of eutrophication proxies on genetic structure in these lake populations and demonstrate the power of using this approach in understanding the consequences of anthropogenic environmental change on natural populations throughout historic time periods.
On empty islands and the small‐island effect
Authors: Wang Yanping , Millien Virginie , Ding Ping 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimThe small‐island effect (SIE) has become a widely accepted part of the theoretical framework of island biogeography. A major criticism of SIE studies is the exclusion of empty islands from analyses. However, the generality and underlying factors determining the role of empty islands in generating SIEs remain obscure because few published datasets include islands with no species. The aim of this study was thus to evaluate the prevalence and underlying factors determining the role of empty islands in generating SIEs.LocationGlobal.MethodsWe compiled 278 datasets that included empty islands. For each dataset, we compared the fit of a logarithmic model with two breakpoint models separately for all the islands and for datasets excluding empty islands to determine the role of empty islands in generating SIEs. We then employed multinomial logistic regressions and an information‐theoretic approach to determine which combination of island characteristics was important in determining the role of empty islands in generating SIEs.ResultsAmong 211 datasets with adequate fits, the exclusion of empty islands changed the evidence for an SIE in 68 cases (32.2%). SIEs were quite prevalent, both for all the islands (104 cases, 49.3%) and for datasets excluding empty islands (73 cases, 34.6%). Our results were not consistent with the hypothesis that excluding empty islands would increase the evidence for an SIE. Model selection and relative variable importance indicated that the number of empty islands, the minimum area of empty islands and area ratio were important variables that determined the role of empty islands in generating SIEs.Main conclusionsOur study demonstrates that the effect of empty islands in generating SIEs is quite prevalent. The exclusion of empty islands is thus an important methodological shortcoming for the detection of SIEs. We conclude that, for the robust detection of SIEs, empty islands should not be excluded in future studies.
The asymmetry in the Great American Biotic Interchange in mammals is consistent with differential susceptibility to mammalian predation
Authors: Faurby Søren , Svenning Jens‐Christian 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimOne of the most widely cited natural experiments in biogeography is the Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI). Here, we re‐assess the famous asymmetry in the exchange for mammals, with North American clades being much more successful in South America than vice versa. We investigate if this directionality could reflect higher susceptibility to predation in South American mammals rather than low competitive ability, as is usually believed.LocationNorth and South America.MethodsPrior to the GABI, South America lacked effective mammalian predators. Since its fauna did not co‐evolve with such predators, colonization of North America may only have been possible for species whose natural history makes them less susceptible to mammalian predation. To investigate this we used phylogenetic regressions to investigate species traits associated with the ability of clades originally from South America to colonize North America, and vice versa, during the GABI. Analyses were conducted both with and without species that went extinct in the late Quaternary.ResultsWhen extinct species were included, traits associated with lower predation risk (large body size, arboreality) were associated with greater success in colonizing North America for South American clades. This pattern was not visible in analyses based on the current fauna, since most of the mammals that invaded North America went extinct at the end of the Pleistocene, probably due to human predation. The pattern for northern colonizers of South America was similar whether or not extinct species were included and was not linked to predation risk.ConclusionsOur findings are consistent with the asymmetric GABI in mammals being explained by predation and not with expectations from competition. The GABI therefore illustrates that trophic interactions can be a powerful driver of long‐term dynamics of biotic interchange, as seen in many human‐driven invasions of formerly isolated regions.
Diversity and recent population trends of assassin bugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) on Barro Colorado Island, Panama
Authors: Lucas Maxime , Forero Dimitri , Basset Yves 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn tropical rainforests, most assassin bugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) represent important predators preying on other arthropods. Apart from the hematophagous Triatominae of medical importance, Reduviidae remain poorly known.Here, we address the importance of Reduviidae for long‐term monitoring of secondary consumers in tropical rainforests, using data from Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama. First, we demonstrate that light traps allow catching a wide and representative diversity of Reduviidae, and are more efficient than other collection methods tested.Second, we present one of the very first checklists of Reduviidae for a tropical locality, including 118 species. These baseline data will be necessary for interpreting any long‐term changes in reduviid populations onBCI.Last, we show that the low abundance of Reduviidae collected at light remains challenging for statistical analyses of long‐term population trends. During a 7‐year period (2009–2015), we observed no significant changes in the short‐term population dynamics of most reduviid taxa, although these results do not account for the complexity of the intra‐annual population dynamics of each species. In particular, the population of the rather abundantPanstrongylus geniculatus, which is a known vector of Chagas’ disease, appears to be fluctuating but so far is stable.Daily maximum temperature and rainfall were negatively correlated with the overall abundance of Reduviidae during light traps surveys. During the past 25 years, global warming has induced significant increases in annual temperature and rainfall in Panama. Therefore, we conclude that reduviid populations onBCImay be vulnerable in the future to these global effects.