bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The kinetic of key phytochemical compounds of non‐heading and heading leafy Brassica oleracea landraces as affected by traditional cooking methods
Authors: Giambanelli Elisa , Verkerk Ruud , D'Antuono L Filippo , Oliviero Teresa 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDKales are often a key ingredient of traditional foods, containing high amounts of indolic glucosinolates (precursors of indole‐3‐carbinol and ascorbigen), carotenoids and phenolics. The present trend to associate traditional foods crops with health‐promoting properties suggested to investigate the degradation kinetic of three Brassica oleracea landraces' phytochemicals subjected to boiling, steaming and stir‐frying.RESULTSBoiling led to substantial losses due to leaching. Glucosinolates followed a second‐order degradation kinetic (20% of their initial values after 10 min in Nero di Toscana). Phenolic content in leaves + cooking water remained unchanged, whereas their antioxidant capacity was reduced. Carotenoid content increased during the first minutes of boiling. Steaming showed the highest retention of phytochemicals, with often zero‐order degradation kinetic, having however a strong effect on colour. Stir‐frying produced high losses for all measured compounds; also, β‐carotene reduced its content to 10–23% independently of variety. Conversion values for indole‐derived compounds ranged from non‐detectable to 23.5%.CONCLUSIONVariety strongly affected observed degradation rates because of a different glucosinolate composition and leaf structure. With this research, more information has been gained on the degradation kinetic of B. oleracea landraces' phytochemical compounds upon cooking, highlighting the possibility of improving bioactive component retention. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Viable bacterial population and persistence of foodborne pathogens on the pear carpoplane
Authors: Duvenage Francois J , Duvenage Stacey , Du Plessis Erika M , Volschenk Quinton , Korsten Lise 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDKnowledge on the culturable bacteria and foodborne pathogen presence on pears is important for understanding the impact of postharvest practices on food safety assurance. Pear fruit bacteria were investigated from the point of harvest, following chlorine drenching and after controlled atmosphere (CA) storage to assess the impact on natural bacterial populations and potential foodborne pathogens.RESULTSSalmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes were detected on freshly harvested fruit in season one. During season one, chemical drenching and CA storage did not have a significant effect on the bacterial load of orchard pears, except for two farms where the populations were lower ‘after CA storage’. During season two, bacterial populations of orchard pears from three of the four farms increased significantly following drenching; however, the bacterial load decreased ‘after CA storage’. Bacteria isolated following enumeration included Enterobacteriaceae, Microbacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae and Bacillaceae, with richness decreasing ‘after drench’ and ‘after CA storage’.CONCLUSIONSalmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes were not detected after postharvest practices. Postharvest practices resulted in decreased bacterial species richness. Understanding how postharvest practices have an impact on the viable bacterial populations of pear fruit will contribute to the development of crop‐specific management systems for food safety assurance. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Developing Knowledge Convergence through a Boundaries Vision—A Case Study of Fujifilm in Japan
Authors: Kodama Mitsuru , Shibata Tomoatsu 
Published: June 2016

In recent years, there has been a growing need for strategies that provide for convergence in the development of products and services and building of business models that integrate different technologies and services and span different industries. The question is: What kind of strategies and organizations should a company construct for R&D activities to develop new products, services, and business models that will be realized through the integration of different technologies and convergence across industries? The key concept in a company's actions for adapting to (or creating) a worldview of such convergence lies in knowledge convergence through a boundaries vision, which this paper discusses.The paper presents a case study that analyzes in detail the R&D framework of Fujifilm as a company that achieved success in new business areas by realizing knowledge convergence through a boundaries vision. In the days of analogue photographs, Fujifilm stood alongside Kodak of the USA as a leading brand in the photo industry. Foreseeing the steady decline of the analogue business, however, it moved into other business sectors such as pharmaceuticals, health care, and cosmetics as a new departure that it refers to as the “second foundation” and, in so doing, achieved spectacular success.The main objective in its R&D strategy for the second foundation was to “create new value.” To do this, Fujifilm sets its sights on achieving what it described as “intellectual fusion” (by combining and integrating different fields and technologies) and “innovation” (by creating new, differentiated technologies) and, as a result, to contribute to society. We will now analyze the mechanism of knowledge convergence through boundaries vision in Fujifilm's R&D and new business strategy for supporting its second foundation, which was a key factor in its successful business transformation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Otolaryngology in the medical school curriculum: Current trends in the United States
Authors: Boscoe Elizabeth F. , Cabrera‐Muffly Cristina 
Published: June 2016

Objectives/HypothesisTo identify trends in medical school otolaryngology curriculum requirements.Study DesignSurvey of United States allopathic medical schools.MethodsA survey was sent to deans of curriculum at allopathic medical schools. We identified opportunities for medical students to learn basic concepts in otolaryngology during their undergraduate medical training. The opportunities were classified into preclinical and clinical as well as elective and mandatory rotations.ResultsOf the schools surveyed, 60% responded. Mean class size was 149 students. Sixty‐eight percent of surveyed schools noted that 75% to 100% of their students participated in preclinical otolaryngology experiences, with 59% reporting a mandatory preclinical otolaryngology module for all students. Eighty‐nine percent of schools offered otolaryngology as a clinical elective rotation, with a mean of 12 students participating yearly. Only 7% of schools required a mandatory otolaryngology clinical rotation.ConclusionOur data suggest that medical students do not receive sufficient exposure to otolaryngology during medical school. Increased requirements for otolaryngology curriculum may be beneficial to all medical students, regardless of their specialty choice.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 00:000–000, 2016 127:346–348, 2017
Increased expression of hCLCA1 in chronic rhinosinusitis and its contribution to produce MUC5AC
Authors: Kim Ha Kyun , Kook Jin Ho , Kang Ka Ram , Oh Dong Ju , Kim Tae Hoon , Lee Sang Hag 
Published: June 2016

Objectives/HypothesisMucus hypersecretion is a hallmarks of chronic rhinosinusitis. The expression of MUC5AC, a major respiratory mucin gene, is increased in chronic rhinosinusitis. The mechanisms inducing mucus hypersecretion have not been fully evaluated in chronic rhinosinusitis. Human Ca2+‐activated Cl‐ channel 1 (hCLCA1) is implicated in the regulation of mucus production, airway fluid, and electrolyte transport. The present study objectives was to investigate the expression of hCLCA1 in chronic rhinosinusitis and evaluate whether its level is altered by stimulation with type 1 T helper (Th1) and Th2 cytokines, and to determine the possible role of hCLCA1 on the regulation of mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) production.Study DesignControlled prospective study.MethodsThe expression of hCLCA1 and MUC5AC in normal and inflammatory ethmoid mucosa was determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot. In cultured cells, the expression of hCLCA1 and MUC5AC was measured after stimulation with Th1 and Th2 cytokines. In a supernatant, the MUC5AC level was analyzed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay after treatment with niflumic acid.ResultsThe levels of hCLCA1 and MUC5AC were increased in chronic rhinosinusitis, irrespective of nasal polyp presence, where they were distributed in superficial epithelial cells and submucosal glands. In cultured cells treated with interleukin (IL)‐9, IL‐4, IL‐13, tumor necrosis factor‐α, transforming growth factor‐β, interferon‐γ, and IL‐1β, the expression of hCLCA1 and MUC5AC was increased. In cells treated with niflumic acid, the production of MUC5AC was inhibited.ConclusionsThe current findings indicate that the expression of hCLCA1 is increased in chronic rhinosinusitis and may be regulated by Th1 and Th2 cytokines, possibly contributing to the production of MUC5AC.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 126:E347–E355, 2016
Water Sorption and Diffusion in (Reduced) Graphene Oxide‐Alginate Biopolymer Nanocomposites
Authors: Vilcinskas Karolis , Zlopasa Jure , Jansen Kaspar M. B. , Mulder Fokko M. , Picken Stephen J. , Koper Ger J. M. 
Published: June 2016

The water sorption and diffusion in (reduced) graphene oxide‐alginate composites of various compositions is analyzed. Water sorption of sodium alginate can be significantly reduced by the inclusion of graphene oxide sheets due to the formation of an extensive hydrogen bonding network between oxygenated groups. Crosslinking alginate with divalent metal ions and the presence of reduced graphene oxide can further improve the swelling resistance due to the strong interactions between metal ions, alginate, and filler sheets. Depending on conditions and composition, the overall water barrier properties of alginate composites improve upon (reduced) graphene oxide filling, making them attractive for moisture barrier coating applications. Water sorption kinetics in all alginate composites indicate a non‐Fickian diffusion process that can be accurately described by the Variable Surface Concentration model. In addition, the water barrier properties of sodium alginate‐graphene oxide composites can be adequately predicted using a simple model that takes the orientational order of filler sheets and their effective aspect ratio into account.
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Highly Efficient and Facile Photocatalytic Recycling System Suitable for ICAR ATRP of Hydrophilic Monomers
Authors: Jiang Xiaowu , Zhang Lifen , Cheng Zhenping , Zhu Xiulin 
Published: June 2016

Photoinduced initiators for continuous activator regeneration atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of hydrophilic monomers in heptane/ethanol latent‐biphasic system for copper catalyst separation and recycling have been realized for the first time at room temperature with different wavelengths of visible light LED (green, blue, purple, and white LED) as external stimulus, using 2‐bromophenylacetate as the ATRP initiator and camphorquinone/triethylamine as the photoinitiator. In this system, hybrid catalyst complex (HCc) is synthesized as a novel nonpolar catalyst, which is preferentially dissolved in heptane. The hydrophilic polymers obtained catalyzed by HCc in heptane/ethanol mixture solvent show typical “living” features, for example, the values of Mn,GPC increase linearly with monomer conversion up to quantitative level (>96%) and the molecular weight distributions were kept narrow (Mw/Mn < 1.20) throughout the polymerization process. It should be noted that the excellent controllability of this novel polymerization system can be achieved even after 5 catalyst recycling experiments under LED irradiation.
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Isolation of Bdellovibrio sp. from soil samples in Mexico and their potential applications in control of pathogens
Authors: Oyedara Omotayo Opemipo , De Luna‐Santillana Erick de Jesus , Olguin‐Rodriguez Omar , Guo Xianwu , Mendoza‐Villa Marco Antonio , Menchaca‐Arredondo Jorge Luis , Elufisan Temidayo Oluyomi , Garza‐Hernandez Javier Alfonso , Garcia Leon Israel , Rodriguez‐Perez Mario Alberto 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this study, two strains of Bdellovibrio were isolated from soil samples using the culture‐dependent technique and two members of the family Enterobacteriaceae (Klebsiella sp. and Salmonella sp.) as prey. The Bdellovibrio strains were bacteriolytic, plaque‐forming, and highly motile gram‐negative bacteria. We identified and confirmed the Bdellovibrio strains using microscopy, PCR amplification, and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. They were observed to be different strains based on hit locus and prey range analyses. Here, the first report on Bdellovibrio strains isolated from soil in Mexico corroborates earlier report indicating that populations of Bdellovibrio found in soil are heterogeneous thereby the need to identify the various strains.
Human whole blood 1H2O transverse relaxation with gadolinium‐based contrast reagents: Magnetic susceptibility and transmembrane water exchange
Authors: Wilson Gregory J. , Springer Charles S. , Bastawrous Sarah , Maki Jeffrey H. 
Published: June 2016

PurposeTo characterize transverse relaxation in oxygenated whole blood with extracellular gadolinium‐based contrast reagents by experiment and simulation.MethodsExperimental measurements of transverse 1H2O relaxation from oxygenated whole human blood and plasma were made at 1.5 and 3.0 Tesla. Spin‐echo refocused and free‐induction decays are reported for blood and plasma samples containing four different contrast reagents (gadobenate, gadoteridol, gadofosveset, and gadobutrol), each present at concentrations ranging from 1 to 18 mM (i.e., mmol (contrast reagent (CR))/L (blood)). Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to ascertain the molecular mechanisms underlying relaxation. These consisted of random walks of water molecules in a large ensemble of randomly oriented erythrocytes. Bulk magnetic susceptibility (BMS) differences between the extra‐ and intracellular compartments were taken into account. All key parameters for these simulations were taken from independent published measurements: they include no adjustable variables.ResultsTransverse relaxation is much more rapid in whole blood than in plasma, and the large majority of this dephasing is reversible by spin echo. Agreement between the experimental data and simulated results is remarkably good.ConclusionExtracellular field inhomogeneities alone make very small contributions, whereas the orientation‐dependent BMS intracellular resonance frequencies lead to the majority of transverse dephasing. Equilibrium exchange of water molecules between the intra‐ and extracellular compartments plays a significant role in transverse dephasing. Magn Reson Med 77:2015–2027, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Therapeutic Review of Methylprednisolone Acetate Intra‐Articular Injection in the Management of Osteoarthritis of the Knee – Part 1: Clinical Effectiveness
Authors: McCrum Carol 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIntra‐articular (IA) corticosteroid injections are a common approach in the management of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. The effectiveness of injections and particular injection products is often discussed and debated in clinical arenas. The following therapeutic review examines the evidence for intra‐articular methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) injections in the management of OA knee. A review of research evidence, published guidelines and clinical literature was undertaken following an electronic database and relevant literature search. The review found that there is limited evidence which indicates that a single dose intra‐articular MPA injection can provide short to medium term benefits for pain, with less evidence for beneficial effects on function or stiffness. There is heterogeneity across studies and until recently, most studies had only short to medium term follow‐up periods, thus limiting the evidence available on longer term benefit. There was also evidence indicating equivalent overall efficacy of MPA to that of other corticosteroid products. Most guideline recommendations concerning IA injections for OA knee have drawn on evidence from pooled data for several corticosteroid products. The review also found there was limited reporting of the incidence of adverse events in most studies. Overall, MPA shows efficacy for symptom relief in OA knee. At an individual management level, evidence for a limited duration of effect needs consideration in injections decisions. Furthermore, consensus across clinical guidelines suggests that the management of OA knee should be individualized to a person's clinical history, degree of disability, risk factors, quality of life and personal preferences, whereby injecting involves a shared decision and forms part of a multimodal approach. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
High‐resolution ultrasound in combat‐related peripheral nerve injuries
Authors: Smith Jonathan K. , Miller Matthew E. , Carroll Craig G. , Faillace Walter J. , Nesti Leon J. , Cawley Christina M. , Landau Mark E. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionPeripheral nerve injuries (PNI) sustained in combat are typically severe and are frequently associated with marked soft tissue damage, anatomic distortion, and retained metallic fragments. These features complicate clinical and electrodiagnostic assessment and may preclude MRI. Methods: We describe 4 cases of military personnel who sustained high‐velocity gunshot wounds or blasts with metal fragment injuries in which high resolution peripheral nerve ultrasound (US) proved beneficial. Results: In these cases, the clinical and electrodiagnostic exams provided inadequate localization and severity data of the nerve injuries, and MRI was either precluded or provided no additional information. In each case, US disclosed focal nerve segment abnormalities, including regions of focal enlargement and nerve discontinuity with end‐bulb neuroma, which guided surgical planning for nerve repair. The findings on US were subsequently confirmed intra‐operatively. Conclusions: High resolution peripheral nerve US is a useful modality in assessment of combat‐related PNI. Muscle Nerve, 2016 Muscle Nerve 54: 1139–1144, 2016
Total versus partial splenectomy in pediatric hereditary spherocytosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Guizzetti Leonardo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTo compare the clinical effectiveness of total splenectomy (TS) or partial splenectomy (PS) in pediatric hereditary spherocytosis, a systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed (PROSPERO registration CRD42015030056). There were 14 observational studies comparing pre‐ and postoperative hematologic parameters. Secondary outcomes include in‐hospital infections, surgical complications, symptomatic recurrence, and biliary disease. TS is more effective than PS to increase hemoglobin (3.6 g/dl vs. 2.2 g/dl) and reduce reticulocytes (12.5% vs. 6.5%) after 1 year; outcomes following PS are stable for at least 6 years. There were no cases of overwhelming postsplenectomy sepsis. A population‐based patient registry is needed for long‐term follow‐up.
Can sugarcoated fingerprints be used to identify lurking viruses?
Authors: Hu Tony Y. 
Published: June 2016

Comparative proteomics is increasingly used to detect biomarkers and therapeutic targets that differ between healthy and diseased populations; however, differences in posttranslational modifications have received less attention. In this issue, Yang et al. (Proteomics 2016, 16, 1872–1880) present data indicating that a glycoproteomics approach can detect N‐glycosylated membrane protein differences between non‐HIV‐infected and latently infected human CD4+ T‐cell lines, identifying 172 proteins differentially expressed by these cells. Latently infected CD4+ T cells are thought to represent the major barrier to eventual HIV cure, but do not express detectable levels of viral protein and have not been shown to express biomarkers that can distinguish them from the vastly more abundant uninfected CD4+ T‐cell population. The findings of Yang et al. suggest that glycoproteomic analyses may have untapped potential to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cell populations not readily distinguishable be standard proteomic analyses.
Organic–inorganic poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) copolymers with double‐decker silsesquioxane in the main chains: Synthesis, glass transition, and self‐assembly behavior
Authors: Liu Ning , Zheng Sixun 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTAn organic–inorganic copolymer with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and xanthate moieties in the main chain was synthesized via the polycondensation between 3,13‐di(2‐bromopropionate)propyl double‐decker silsesquioxane (DDSQ) and 1,4‐di(xanthate potassium)butane. This hybrid copolymer was used as the macromolecular chain transfer agent to obtain the organic–inorganic poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) (PVPy) copolymers via a reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer/macromolecular design via the interchange of xanthates (RAFT/MADIX) polymerization approach; the polymerization behavior of N‐vinyl pyrrolidone was investigated by means of gel permeation chromatography. It was found that the polymerization was in a living and controlled manner. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the organic–inorganic PVPy copolymers with DDSQ in the main chains were microphase‐separated in bulks. Compared to plain PVPy, the organic–inorganic PVPy copolymers displayed the decreased glass transition temperatures (Tgs); the decreased Tgs are attributable to the effect of the introduced DDSQ cages on the packing of PVPy chains as evidenced by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In water, the organic–inorganic PVPy copolymers can self‐assemble into the spherical nano‐objects with the size of 20–50 nm in diameter. In the self‐assembled nano‐objects, the aggregates of the hydrophobic DDSQ constituted the cores of the polymeric micelles whereas the PVPy chains between the DDSQ behaved as the coronas of the polymeric micelles. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 2949–2961
A simple approach for a spatial terrestrial exposure assessment of the insecticide fenoxycarb, based on a high‐resolution landscape analysis
Authors: Thomas Kai , Resseler Herbert , Spatz Robert , Hendley Paul , Sweeney Paul , Urban Martin , Kubiak Roland 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective was to refine the standard regulatory exposure scenario used in plant protection product authorisations by developing a more realistic landscape‐related GIS‐based exposure assessment for terrestrial non‐target arthropods. We quantified the proportion of adjacent off‐target area in agricultural landscapes potentially exposed to insecticide drift from applications of the active substance fenoxycarb. High‐resolution imagery, landscape classification and subsequent stepwise analysis of a whole landscape using drift and interception functions were applied to selected areas in representative fruit‐producing regions in Germany.RESULTSEven under worst‐case assumptions regarding treated area, use rate and drift, less than 12% of the non‐agricultural habitat area would potentially be exposed to fenoxycarb drift above regulatory acceptable concentrations. Additionally, if the filtering effect of tall vegetation were taken into account, this number would decrease to 6.6%. Further refinements to landscape elements and application conditions indicate that less than 5% of the habitat area might be exposed above regulatory acceptable concentrations, meaning that 95% of the non‐agricultural habitat area will be unimpacted (i.e. no unacceptable effects) and can serve as refuge for recolonisation.CONCLUSIONApproaches and tools are proposed for standardisable and transparent refinements in regulatory risk assessments on the landscape level. © 2016 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.