bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the complex relationship and influencing factors of frailty on nutritional status in maintenance hemodialysis patients
Authors: Yang Fengxue , Zhu Linfang , Cao Bing , Peng Bo , Yuan Zhongqing , Zeng Li , Hang Yuting , Yuan Huaihong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionGiven the high prevalence and significant challenges of frailty, a state of increased vulnerability to adverse health outcomes, among maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients, this cross‐sectional study aimed to investigate its prevalence and explore its association with nutritional status and other relevant factors.MethodsThe study involved 290 MHD patients with an average age of 52.98 ± 13.65 years. Frailty assessments, nutritional evaluations, and medical status measurements were performed. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and multivariate logistic regression.ResultsAmong the patients, 70.3% were identified with frailty (16.9% frail, 53.4% pre‐frail). Frailty was more prevalent in female patients compared to males and correlated positively with age, marital status, caregiving needs, comorbidities, dialysis duration, and higher nutritional risk scores. Negative correlations were observed with serum albumin, hemoglobin, body weight, and height.ConclusionA significant prevalence of frailty was found in MHD patients, with notable associations to various demographic, clinical, and nutritional factors.
Aβ ‐induced excessive mitochondrial fission drives type H blood vessels injury to aggravate bone loss in APP/PS1 mice with Alzheimer's diseases
Authors: Zhang Weidong , Ding Fan , Rong Xing , Ren Qinghua , Hasegawa Tomoka , Liu Hongrui , Li Minqi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAlzheimer's diseases (AD) patients suffer from more serious bone loss than cognitively normal subjects at the same age. Type H blood vessels were tightly associated with bone homeostasis. However, few studies have concentrated on bone vascular alteration and its role in AD‐related bone loss. In this study, APP/PS1 mice (4‐ and 8‐month‐old) and age‐matched wild‐type mice were used to assess the bone vascular alteration and its role in AD‐related bone loss. Transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence staining and iGPS 1.0 software database were utilized to investigate the molecular mechanism. Mitochondrial division inhibitor (Mdivi‐1) and GSK‐3β inhibitor (LiCl) were used to rescue type H blood vessels injury and verify the molecular mechanism. Our results revealed that APP/PS1 mice exhibited more serious bone blood vessels injury and bone loss during ageing. The bone blood vessel injury, especially in type H blood vessels, was accompanied by impaired vascularized osteogenesis in APP/PS1 mice. Further exploration indicated that beta‐amyloid (Aβ) promoted the apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and resulted in type H blood vessels injury. Mechanistically, Aβ‐induced excessive mitochondrial fission was found to be essential for the apoptosis of ECs. GSK‐3β was identified as a key regulatory target of Aβ‐induced excessive mitochondrial fission and bone loss. The findings delineated that Aβ‐induced excessive mitochondrial fission drives type H blood vessels injury, leading to aggravate bone loss in APP/PS1 mice and GSK‐3β inhibitor emerges as a potential therapeutic strategy.
Semaglutide 2.4 mg in Participants With Metabolic Dysfunction‐Associated Steatohepatitis: Baseline Characteristics and Design of the Phase 3 ESSENCE Trial
Authors: Newsome Philip N. , Sanyal Arun J. , Engebretsen Kristiane A. , Kliers Iris , Østergaard Laura , Vanni Denise , Bugianesi Elisabetta , Rinella Mary E. , Roden Michael , Ratziu Vlad 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundSemaglutide, a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist, has demonstrated potential beneficial effects in metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis (MASH).AimsTo describe the trial design and baseline characteristics of the ‘Effect of Semaglutide in Subjects with Non‐cirrhotic Non‐alcoholic Steatohepatitis’ (ESSENCE) trial (NCT04822181).MethodsESSENCE is a two‐part, phase 3, randomised, multicentre trial evaluating the effect of subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg in participants with biopsy‐proven MASH and fibrosis stage 2 or 3. The primary objective of Part 1 is to demonstrate that semaglutide improves liver histology compared with placebo. The two primary endpoints are: resolution of steatohepatitis and no worsening of liver fibrosis, and improvement in liver fibrosis and no worsening of steatohepatitis. The Part 2 objective is based on clinical outcomes. The current work reports baseline characteristics of the first 800 randomised participants which includes demographics, laboratory parameters, liver histology, non‐invasive tests and presence of metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) cardiometabolic criteria.ResultsOf 800 participants, 250 (31.3%) had fibrosis stage 2 and 550 (68.8%) had fibrosis stage 3. In the overall population, mean (standard deviation [SD]) age was 56 (11.6) years, 57.1% were female, mean (SD) body mass index was 34.6 (7.2) kg/m2, 55.5% had type 2 diabetes and > 99% had at least one MASLD cardiometabolic criterion according to the published definition.ConclusionThe ESSENCE baseline population includes participants with clinically significant fibrosis stages 2 and 3. Although MASLD cardiometabolic criteria were not a requirement for study enrolment, almost all participants (> 99%) had at least one MASLD cardiometabolic criterion.Trial RegistrationNCT04822181
Instrumental helping motivations of children and chimpanzees
Authors: Hepach Robert , Tomasello Michael 
Published: October 2024

AbstractChimpanzees and other great apes seem to be much less cooperative than humans overall, yet they nevertheless reliably help others in many instrumental circumstances. Although in many contexts the helping behavior of chimpanzees is quite similar to that of human children, recent studies using both behavioral and psychophysiological paradigms have revealed important differences, specifically, in the underlying motivations for prosocial behavior. Here, we provide both a synthesis of recent empirical work and an evolutionary hypothesis that can account for the differences in chimpanzee and human helping motivations.
Exploring the Learning Curve of Dental Implant Placement Using a Task‐Autonomous Robotic System Among Young Dentists From Different Specialties—A Pilot Module Study
Authors: Zhuang Minjie , Chen Jinyan , Tao Baoxin , Gul Meisha , Wang Feng , Wu Yiqun 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe learning curve effect of dynamic computer‐assisted implant surgery (D‐CAIS) was observed among inexperienced novice surgeons. The learning curves can provide valuable information for novice surgeons and valid comparisons between new and conventional techniques. Recently, robotic computer‐assisted implant surgery (R‐CAIS) has shown promise as a novel dental implant surgical technique for both partially and edentulous patients. However, its learning curve remains unknown.PurposeThe aim of this study was to explore the learning curve of dental implant placement surgery with a task‐autonomous robotic system among young dentists with different specialties.Methods and MaterialsFour young dentists (mean age: 25.3 ± 1.5 years at the beginning of their first attempt) with equal representation of males and females and with different specialties participated in this study. None of the participants had prior experience in R‐CAIS. Each operator placed eight implants over eight attempts using a semi‐active task‐autonomous robotic system. Among the eight implants, four were straight lateral incisor implants, and four were 30°‐tilted premolar implants. The implants were placed in each dental quadrant of the maxillary and mandibular jaw modules. The operation time was recorded. Coronal, apical, and angular deviations between the planned and actual sites of implant placement were measured by merging preoperative and postoperative cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. The data were analyzed with repeated‐measures ANOVA (α = 0.05).ResultsThe mean time for implant placement was associated with the number of attempts (p < 0.01). The time taken for the second attempt was significantly shorter than that of the first attempt (33.26 vs. 30.47 min; p < 0.001) then it plateaued. Three‐dimensional (3D) angular (p = 0.31), coronal deviation (p = 0.26), and apical deviation (p = 0.06) did not differ significantly among attempts. The mean values and standard deviations of 3D coronal deviation, 3D apical deviation, and 3D angular deviation were 0.71 ± 0.31 mm, 0.72 ± 0.30 mm, and 0.94 ± 0.58°, respectively. Neither the position of the jaw (p > 0.59) nor the tilt angle of the implant (straight or 30°‐tilted, p > 0.85) was related to implant placement accuracy.ConclusionsDentists quickly learned the basic workflow of R‐CAIS and thus facilitated the clinicians in the mastery of implant placement on edentulous jaw modules, leading to a comparable operating speed and high precision. Moreover, the accuracy of placement of straight and tilted implants in both the maxilla and mandible with R‐CAIS was satisfactory.
Speech‐Processing Network Formation of Cochlear‐Implanted Toddlers With Early Hearing Experiences
Authors: Wu Meiyun , Liu Haotian , Zhao Xue , Lu Li , Wang Yuyang , Wei Chaogang , Liu Yuhe , Zhang Yu‐Xuan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTTo reveal the formation process of speech processing with early hearing experiences, we tracked the development of functional connectivity in the auditory and language‐related cortical areas of 84 (36 female) congenitally deafened toddlers using repeated functional near‐infrared spectroscopy for up to 36 months post cochlear implantation (CI). Upon hearing restoration, the CI children lacked the modular organization of the mature speech‐processing network and demonstrated a higher degree of immaturity in temporo‐parietal than temporo‐frontal connections. The speech‐processing network appeared to form rapidly with early CI experiences, with two‐thirds of the developing connections following nonlinear trajectories reflecting possibly more than one synaptogenesis‐pruning cycle. A few key features of the mature speech‐processing network emerged within the first year of CI hearing, including left‐hemispheric advantage, differentiation of the dorsal and ventral processing streams, and functional state (speech listening vs. resting) specific patterns of connectivity development. The developmental changes were predictable of future auditory and verbal communication skills of the CI children, with prominent contribution from temporo‐parietal connections in the dorsal stream, suggesting a mediating role of speech‐processing network formation with early hearing experiences in speech acquisition.
Cognitive and academic outcomes in children with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐associated disease
Authors: Mittelman Audrey , Pique Julie , Desportes Vincent , Deiva Kumaran , Poulat Anne‐Lise , Marignier Romain 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimTo describe the impact of paediatric myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐associated disease (MOGAD) on academic and cognitive outcomes.MethodThis was an observational, retrospective, and descriptive single‐centre study, carried out on a paediatric case series of children with MOGAD.ResultsA total of 51 patients were included (22 females); their median age was 8 years and the median follow‐up duration was 31.1 months (interquartile range 23.5). The most frequent clinical presentation was acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (54.9%), followed by optic neuritis (35.5%). At the last follow‐up, regardless of the clinical phenotype at disease onset, 39.5% of patients with MOGAD received academic and educational interventions (p < 0.05 compared to before disease onset), including academic accommodations (p < 0.05) or the need for a learning support assistant (p < 0.05). Ten patients were evaluated with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fifth Edition (WISC‐V). The overall IQ was calculated for six patients (mean = 92); two of these patients had an IQ lower than 85. No difference was found regarding prenatal and neonatal neurodevelopmental characteristics between this cohort and the general population.InterpretationMOGAD was associated with a need for academic support; lower scores were found on the WISC‐V. Patients with MOGAD should receive cognitive and academic assessments to inform educational planning and support academic success.
Habitat Diversity Mitigates the Impacts of Human Pressure on Stream Biodiversity
Authors: Moi Dieison A. , Kaufmann Philip R. , Riato Luisa , Romero Gustavo Q. , Kratina Pavel , Teixeira de Mello Franco , Hughes Robert M. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTRecent decades have witnessed substantial changes in freshwater biodiversity worldwide. Although research has shown that freshwater biodiversity can be shaped by changes in habitat diversity and human‐induced pressure, the potentials for interaction between these drivers and freshwater biodiversity at large spatial extents remain unclear. To address these issues, we employed a spatially extensive multitrophic fish and insect database from 3323 stream sites across the United States, to investigate the ability of habitat diversity to modulate the effect of human pressure on the richness and abundance of fish and insects. We found evidence that high levels of habitat diversity were associated with increased richness and abundance of fish and insects (including whole‐assemblage and individual trophic guilds). We also show that the effects of human pressure on the richness and abundance of fish and insects tend to become positive at high levels of habitat diversity. Where habitat diversity is low, human pressure strongly reduces insect richness and abundance, whereas these reductions are attenuated at high levels of habitat diversity. Structural equation modeling revealed that human pressure reduced habitat diversity, indirectly negatively affecting the richness and abundance of fish and insects. These findings illustrate that, in addition to promoting greater fish and insect biodiversity, habitat diversity may mitigate the deleterious effects of human pressures on these two stream assemblages. Overall, our study suggests that maintaining high levels of habitat diversity is a useful way to protect freshwater biodiversity from ongoing increases in human pressure. However, if human pressures continue to increase, this will reduce habitat diversity, further threatening stream assemblages.
Cross‐domain policy feedback effects on mass publics
Authors: Wang Peijie , Zhang Youlang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractScholars have extensively explored policy feedback effects on mass publics. However, research exploring how one policy's implementation affects public preferences for another remains limited. This study proposes a novel cross‐domain policy feedback framework, emphasizing functional and normative interdependence as two mechanisms yielding cross‐domain resource and interpretive effects. We use multiple sets of nationally representative survey data and archival records from China, a context deeply rooted in filial piety culture. We employ a fuzzy regression discontinuity design and multilevel regressions to explore the effects of the one‐child policy on public preferences for old‐age support. The findings indicate that individuals subjected to more stringent enforcement exhibit increased support for the government assuming the responsibility for old‐age support. These changes largely stem from the reduction in their actual and desired number of children. The findings have significant implications for mass feedback research and reform efforts regarding population planning and public pension systems.
A novel multicriteria web‐based decision support system to enhance resource allocation in energy companies: a portfolio selection with c‐optimal PROMETHEE
Authors: da Silva Lucas Borges Leal , de Almeida Jonatas Araújo , de Almeida Adiel Teixeira 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn an uncertain world, decision support systems (DSSs) are essential for effective portfolio management. Electricity companies often face challenges in allocating limited resources among competing projects, influenced by sustainability and regulatory requirements. To address these challenges, multicriteria approaches have been developed, focusing on complex issues involving outranking methods. This paper introduces a methodological advance with a novel algorithm that enhances the c‐optimal PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations) approach, resolving scaling issues inherent in the PROMETHEE V method. Our key contribution is a refined procedure for efficiently identifying and comparing c‐optimal solutions while preserving the method's axiomatic integrity, ensuring the selection of the “true best” portfolio. Additionally, we present a web‐based DSS designed to implement this methodology, featuring interactive visualization and sensitivity analysis tools. Freely available online, both the algorithm and DSS were validated through a case study with a Brazilian electricity company, demonstrating their practical benefits and applicability across various business contexts.
Strong piezoelectric anisotropy in CaBi4Ti4O15 textured ceramics prepared by templated grain growth method
Authors: Wang Yike , Tang Mingyang , Ren Xiaodan , Liu Xin , Xu Zhuo , Yan Yongke 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBismuth layer‐structured ferroelectrics (BLSF) show great potential as piezoelectric materials for high‐temperature applications. In this study, c‐axis/[001]‐textured CaBi4Ti4O15 (CBT) ceramic was synthesized through templated grain growth (TGG) method. A high Lotgering factor (f) of 96% was achieved in textured CBT ceramic using 20 wt% CBT homogeneous template. The piezoelectric coefficient d33 has significantly increased from 7.8 pC/N for random ceramic to 24.3 pC/N for textured ceramic (poled perpendicular to the c‐axis/[001] texture direction), representing an impressive 300% enhancement while maintaining an ultra‐high Curie temperature (TC) of 788°C. In addition, a low dielectric loss (tanδ = 0.4%) and relatively high resistivity (ρ = 1.1 × 1012 Ω·cm) were achieved simultaneously at room temperature. The significant enhancement of d33 in textured CBT ceramic origins from its strong piezoelectric anisotropy. The large d33,T⊥ is due to the nature of polarization switching in CBT (the spontaneous polarization PS of CBT is along a‐axis direction, and the switching of PS is restricted within the a–b plane). Furthermore, the variation of d33,T⊥ remained below 10% across the temperature range of 25–700°C, highlighting the excellent thermal stability of the textured CBT ceramics. These findings suggest that textured CBT ceramic is a promising piezoelectric material for high‐temperature sensor applications.
Combined left atrial appendage occlusion and catheter ablation procedure for left atrial arrhythmias: A real‐world, propensity‐matched analysis
Authors: Preisendörfer Stefan , Ayub Muhammad T. , Sheth Aakash , Jabbour George Y. , Singh Madhurmeet , Patel Chinmay P. , Gada Hemal , Bhonsale Aditya , Dhande Mehak , Estes Nathan A. , Kancharla Krishna , Kliner Dustin E. , Makani Amber , Naniwadekar Aditi , Shalaby Alaa , Singla Virginia , Voigt Andrew , Saba Samir F. , Jain Sandeep K. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionReal‐world studies comparing safety and efficacy of combined percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) and catheter ablation (CA) to LAAO alone are limited.MethodsPatients from a large US hospital system undergoing combined LAAO and left‐atrial CA from 8/2020 to 2/2024 were retrospectively analyzed and compared to a control group undergoing LAAO alone. Controls were identified using a 1:2 propensity score match based on LAAO device type (Watchman FLX vs. Amulet), CHA2D2‐VASc and Hypertension, Abnormal renal/liver function, Stroke, Bleeding history or predisposition, Labile international normalized ratio [INR], Elderly, Drugs/alcohol (HAS‐BLED) scores and compared for safety, sealing performance and clinical outcomes at 6 months.ResultsPatients were younger in the combined (n = 72) than in the control group (n = 144, 70.2 ± 7.3 vs. 76.7 ± 6.9 years, p < 0.001) but otherwise comparable with a mean CHA2D2‐VASc score of 4.2 ± 1.1 and 4.4 ± 1.2 (p = 0.26) and HAS‐BLED score of 2.2 ± 0.8 and 2.3 ± 0.7 (p = 0.34). Successful LAAO implantation rates were the same (95.8% vs. 95.8%, p = 0.99) with longer procedure times seen in the combined group (156.5 ± 53 vs. 56 ± 26 min, p < 0.001). Both major (1.4% vs. 2.1%, p = 0.72) and minor (27.8% vs. 19.4%, p = 0.17) in‐hospital complications were similar between the combined and control group, respectively. At 45 days, presence of peri‐device leak (18.3% vs. 30.4%, p = 0.07) and device related thrombosis (4.5% vs. 4.5%, p = 0.96) on transesophageal echocardiogram did not differ. Finally, all‐cause mortality (0% vs. 1.4%, p = 0.99), thromboembolic (0% vs. 0%, p = 0.99) and bleeding (6.1% vs. 4.4%, p = 0.73) events during follow‐up were comparable.ConclusionThis large, real‐world analysis indicates comparable safety and efficiency of combined LAAO and CA when compared with LAAO alone.
Transvenous extraction of conduction system and lumenless pacing leads
Authors: Wagner Ethan S. , Lewis Robert K. , Pokorney Sean D. , Hegland Donald D. , Friedman Daniel J. , Piccini Jonathan P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionConduction system pacing (CSP), often accomplished with lumenless pacing leads, is increasingly employed to achieve physiologic ventricular activation. There are limited data on the extraction of these leads. The objective of this study was to describe the safety and efficacy of extraction of CSP pacing leads and compare outcomes with extraction of non‐CSP lumenless leads.MethodsPatients undergoing CSP/non‐CSP lumenless lead removal were included. Outcomes of interest included rates of complete procedural success, complications, and successful reimplantation.ResultsOverall, 23 patients were included (n = 14 with CSP and n = 9 with non‐CSP lumenless leads implanted in the right atrium, right ventricle, or septum). The mean age was 52.7 ± 24.0 years, 30% were female, and the mean lead age was 4.5 ± 4.4 years. The complete procedural success rate was 100%. One serious complication occurred in the non‐CSP group but was unrelated to the lead of interest. Manual traction alone was successful in 57% of CSP cases (mean lead age 2.4 ± 1.7 years) and in 11% of non‐CSP cases (mean lead age 7.9 ± 5.3 years). Laser sheaths were used in 43% of CSP cases and 89% of non‐CSP cases; rotational cutting tools were used in no CSP cases and in 33% of non‐CSP cases. Reimplantation in the conduction system was attempted with a left bundle branch pacing lead and successful in 80% (n = 4/5).ConclusionExtraction of CSP and non‐CSP lumenless leads is feasible with a high success rate and a good safety profile. CSP reimplantation after extraction is also feasible with good electrical performance.