bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facilitating Active Species Generation by Amorphous NiFe‐Bi Layer Formation on NiFe‐LDH Nanoarray for Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution at Alkaline pH
Authors: Zhang Ling , Zhang Rong , Ge Ruixiang , Ren Xiang , Hao Shuai , Xie Fengyu , Qu Fengli , Liu Zhiang , Du Gu , Asiri Abdullah M. , Zheng Baozhan , Sun Xuping 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSearching for a simple and fast strategy to effectively enhance the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance of non‐noble‐metal electrocatalysts in alkaline media remains a significant challenge. Herein, the OER activity of NiFe‐LDH nanoarray on carbon cloth (NiFe‐LDH/CC) in alkaline media is shown to be greatly boosted by an amorphous NiFe‐Borate (NiFe‐Bi) layer formation on NiFe‐layered double hydroxide (NiFe‐LDH) surface. Such a NiFe‐LDH@NiFe‐Bi/CC catalyst electrode only needs an overpotential of 294 mV to drive 50 mA cm−2 in 1.0 m KOH; 116 mV less than that needed by NiFe‐LDH/CC. Notably, this electrode also demonstrates strong long‐term electrochemical durability. The superior activity is ascribed to the pre‐formed amorphous NiFe‐Bi layer effectively promoting active species generation on the NiFe‐LDH surface. This work opens up exciting new avenues for developing high‐performance water‐oxidation catalyst materials for application.
Experimental Study of Entrainment by Free‐Falling Bulk Material Depending on Particle‐Size Distribution
Authors: Freiberger Tobias , Janoske Uwe 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBei Verpackungsprozessen von Nahrungsmittel‐ und Medikamentepulvern ist die sichere und reine Verpackung des Endprodukts während der Herstellung von großer Wichtigkeit. Um längere Haltbarkeit der Produkte zu garantieren finden viele dieser Prozesse unter Zuhilfenahme von Inertgasen statt. Zur Untersuchung der Schleppwirkung von freifallendem Schüttgut auf verschiedene Gasspezies wurde ein Versuchsaufbau entwickelt, mit dem unterschiedliche Partikelgrößenverteilungen und Fallhöhen untersucht werden können. Die erreichten Ergebnisse werden zur Validierung numerischer Simulationen unterschiedlicher Ansätze genutzt.
Biological stoichiometry and bioenergetics of Fusarium oxysporum EKT01/02 proliferation using different substrates in cyanidation wastewater
Authors: Akinpelu Enoch Akinbiyi , Ntwampe Seteno Karabo Obed , Chen Bing‐Hung 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCyanidation wastewater contains heavy metals, including high concentrations of ammonia and free cyanide (CN‐). Aerobic growth of Fusarium oxysporum EKT01/02 in synthetic gold mine wastewater under different substrates was examined using biological stoichiometry and thermodynamic models in batch systems. The molecular weight of the dry biomass obtained was 23.03 g/C‐mol, 33.14 g C‐mol−1, and 27.06 g/C‐mol in glucose with ammonia (GA), Beta vulgaris with ammonia (BA), and B. vulgaris with cyanide (BCN) cultures, respectively. The microbial growth model showed the highest biomass yield of 0.69 g dry cell/g substrate in BA cultures. The heat of reaction () and Gibbs energy dissipation per mole of biomass formed () were −652.55/−432.11 kJ/C‐mol, −132.59/−471.19 kJ/C‐mol, and −370.34/−225.35 kJ/C‐mol‐ for GA, BA, and BCN cultures, respectively. The total Gibbs energy dissipated increased steadily over time and the metabolic rate of the F. oxysporum used was minimally adversely affected by the cyanidation wastewater as shown by the degree of reduction including the respiratory quotient quantified. The F. oxysporum proliferation was determined to be enthalpically driven in the cultures studied. This study revealed that the use of B. vulgaris agro‐waste for the bioremediation of cyanidation wastewater is feasible and could engender sustainability of gold mining wastewater treatment processes.
Florally rich habitats reduce insect pollination and the reproductive success of isolated plants
Authors: Evans Tracie M. , Cavers Stephen , Ennos Richard , Vanbergen Adam J. , Heard Matthew S. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLandscape heterogeneity in floral communities has the potential to modify pollinator behavior. Pollinator foraging varies with the diversity, abundance, and spatial configuration of floral resources. However, the implications of this variation for pollen transfer and ultimately the reproductive success of insect pollinated plants remains unclear, especially for species which are rare or isolated in the landscape. We used a landscape‐scale experiment, coupled with microsatellite genotyping, to explore how the floral richness of habitats affected pollinator behavior and pollination effectiveness. Small arrays of the partially self‐compatible plant Californian poppy (Eschscholzia californica) were introduced across a landscape gradient to simulate rare, spatially isolated populations. The effects on pollinator activity, outcrossing, and plant reproduction were measured. In florally rich habitats, we found reduced pollen movement between plants, leading to fewer long‐distance pollination events, lower plant outcrossing, and a higher incidence of pollen limitation. This pattern indicates a potential reduction in per capita pollinator visitation, as suggested by the lower activity densities and richness of pollinators observed within florally rich habitats. In addition, seed production reduced by a factor of 1.8 in plants within florally rich habitats and progeny germination reduced by a factor of 1.2. We show this to be a consequence of self‐fertilization within the partially self‐compatible plant, E. californica. These findings indicate that locally rare plants are at a competitive disadvantage within florally rich habitats because neighboring plant species disrupt conspecific mating by co‐opting pollinators. Ultimately, this Allee effect may play an important role in determining the long‐term persistence of rarer plants in the landscape, both in terms of seed production and viability. Community context therefore requires consideration when designing and implementing conservation management for plants which are comparatively rare in the landscape.
Fast Computation of Linear Systems Based on Parallelized Preconditioned MRTR Method Supported by Block‐Multicolor Ordering in Electromagnetic Field Analysis Using Edge‐Based Finite Element Method
Authors: TSUBURAYA TOMONORI , OKAMOTO YOSHIFUMI , SATO SHUJI 
Published: July 2017

SUMMARYTo realize fast electromagnetic field analysis, the parallelization technique has been often introduced into the preconditioned Krylov subspace method. When the multicolor ordering is applied to parallelization of forward and backward substitution, the elapsed time of matrix calculation might increase owning to the increment of bandwidth. Therefore, the block‐multicolor ordering based on the level structure arising in reverse Cuthill–McKee ordering has been developed. The validity of developed method was demonstrated on the parallelized incomplete‐Cholesky‐preconditioned conjugate gradient method. In this paper, the parallelization performance of preconditioned minimized residual method based on the three‐term recurrence formula of the CG‐type (MRTR) method supported by developed ordering is investigated. Furthermore, the affinity of developed ordering or cache‐cache elements technique for parallelized forward and backward substitution in Eisenstat's technique is particularly examined.
Impacts of late‐Holocene climate variability and watershed‐lake interactions on diatom communities in Lac Brûlé, Québec
Authors: Neil Karen , Gajewski Konrad 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA high‐resolution diatom analysis of a varved sediment sequence from Lac Brûlé, southwestern Québec, was used to study temporal patterns of environmental change in the late Holocene. Key periods of interest in the record included the Medieval Warm Period (~800–1300 CE), the Little Ice Age (~1450–1850 CE), and post‐European settlement (~1850–present). Subfossil diatom assemblages were compared to previously published pollen, cladocera, and sediment records from Lac Brûlé, revealing complex dynamics between terrestrial vegetation succession, nutrient fluxes, and trophic interactions. Generalized additive models showed a response to long‐term climate variability in the diatom record, although it was not the most influential driver of community changes at Lac Brûlé. Catchment‐mediated processes instead played the largest role in governing the structure of diatom assemblages in the lake. For example, nutrient loading following a local fire in the watershed at 1345 CE led to an abrupt and significant increase in Fragilaria spp. Human activity associated with deforestation and the Wallingford‐Back Mine (1924–1972 CE) also had strong impacts on the landscape, which triggered further responses in the aquatic communities of Lac Brûlé.
The effects of sEH inhibitor on depression‐like behavior and neurogenesis in male mice
Authors: Wu Qiong , Cai Hongyang , Song Jingfang , Chang Quanzhong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCurrently antidepressants take several weeks to be effective, which is one of the main reasons why patients with depression quit therapy. In the present study, we examine the acute and subacute effects of soluble epoxide hydolase (sEH) inhibitor (sEHI), a compound shown to have antidepressant effects, on mice. We found that acute administration of sEHI TPPU decreases immobility time in the forced swimming test and reduces latency to feed in the novelty suppressed‐feeding test in adult male mice. Intraperitoneal administration of TPPU for seven days also increased interaction time of socially defeated mice in the social defeat test. Hippocampal BDNF expression and cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus increased six and 24 hours after TPPU treatment, respectively. Improvement in antidepressant behavior and cell proliferation were inhibited by BDNF‐trkB antagonist K252a, which suggests that anti‐depressant effects of sEHI may be involved in BDNF signaling. Taken together, our findings suggest that sEHI may provide a rapid antidepressant effect through alterations to BDNF‐trkB signaling in the hippocampus and may provide an alternative to current slow‐acting antidepressants. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Outcomes of head and neck cancer surgery in the geriatric population based on case volume at academic centers
Authors: Jalisi Scharukh , Rubin Samuel J. , Wu Kevin Y. , Kirke Diana N. 
Published: July 2017

Objectives/HypothesisEvaluate the impact of case volume and other variables on cost and mortality after head and neck oncologic surgery in the geriatric population.Study DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsThe Vizient database was accessed for data on geriatric patients (age ≥65 years) who underwent surgery for head and neck cancers (excluding thyroid and skin cancer) at full member academic medical centers between 2009 and 2012. Multivariate, linear regression analyses, χ2 tests, and analysis of variance were applied to evaluate significant associations between hospital case volume and independent variables including cost, cost index, mortality, mortality index, length of stay, length of stay index, and readmission rates.ResultsA total of 4,544 patients were included. Total length of stay was 6.72 days in high‐volume hospitals, compared to 8.12 days and 7.91 days in moderate‐ and low‐volume hospitals, respectively (P = .0144). Frequency of intensive care unit stays was 36.5% in high‐volume hospitals, compared to 42.19% and 40.29% in moderate‐ and low‐volume hospitals, respectively (P = .0048). Mortality (0.78%) and average cost per case ($21,834) was lower, but nonsignificant in high‐volume hospitals. Using multiple regression analysis, major severity of disease was positively associated with complication rate (P < .0001) and length of stay (P = .0481).ConclusionsAfter controlling for other factors, high‐volume academic medical centers have a lower intensive care unit stay, but no difference in mortality or average cost per case when compared to low‐volume hospitals.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 127:2539–2544, 2017
Outcomes of laryngohyoid suspension techniques in an ovine model of profound oropharyngeal dysphagia
Authors: Johnson Christopher M. , Venkatesan Naren N. , Siddiqui M. Tausif , Cates Daniel J. , Kuhn Maggie A. , Postma Gregory M. , Belafsky Peter C. 
Published: July 2017

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the efficacy of various techniques of laryngohyoid suspension in the elimination of aspiration utilizing a cadaveric ovine model of profound oropharyngeal dysphagia.Study DesignAnimal study.MethodsThe head and neck of a Dorper cross ewe was placed in the lateral fluoroscopic view. Five conditions were tested: baseline, thyroid cartilage to hyoid approximation (THA), thyroid cartilage to hyoid to mandible (laryngohyoid) suspension (LHS), LHS with cricopharyngeus muscle myotomy (LHS‐CPM), and cricopharyngeus muscle myotomy (CPM) alone. Five 20‐mL trials of barium sulfate were delivered into the oropharynx under fluoroscopy for each condition. Outcome measures included the penetration aspiration scale (PAS) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Swallow Safety Scale (NIH‐SSS).ResultsMedian baseline PAS and NIH‐SSS scores were 8 and 6, respectively, indicating severe impairment. THA scores were not improved from baseline. LHS alone reduced the PAS to 1 (P = .025) and NIH‐SSS to 2 (P = .025) from baseline. LHS‐CPM reduced the PAS to 1 (P = .025) and NIH‐SSS to 0 (P = .025) from baseline. CPM alone did not improve scores. LHS‐CPM displayed improved NIH‐SSS over LHS alone (P = .003).ConclusionsThis cadaveric model represents end‐stage profound oropharyngeal dysphagia such as what could result from severe neurological insult. CPM alone failed to improve fluoroscopic outcomes in this model. Thyrohyoid approximation also failed to improve outcomes. LHS significantly improved both PAS and NIH‐SSS. The addition of CPM to LHS resulted in improvement over suspension alone.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 127:E422–E427, 2017
Outcomes of medialization laryngoplasty with and without arytenoid adduction
Authors: Chang Joseph , Schneider Sarah L. , Curtis James , Langenstein Jonelyn , Courey Mark S. , Yung Katherine C. 
Published: July 2017

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the effect of medialization laryngoplasty (ML) performed alone compared to ML with arytenoid adduction (AA) on glottic gap and voice quality in unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) patients.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsUVFP patients treated with ML alone and ML with AA at the University of California San Francisco Voice and Swallowing Center were identified. Demographic information and history of laryngeal procedures were collected. Preoperative and postoperative examinations were digitally analyzed using ImageJ for normalized anterior and posterior glottic gap and voice samples graded with CAPE‐V scores.ResultsForty‐seven patients underwent ML and 27 patients underwent ML with AA. Normalized anterior gap (AG) improved in both ML (preop: 4.4 pixel units (u), postop: 0.8 u; P < 0.001) and ML with AA groups (preop: 3.3 u, postop 0.6 u; P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in normalized AG values between treatment groups. Postoperative normalized posterior gap (PG) improved in the ML with AA group only (preop: 1.8 u, postop: 0.5 u; P = 0.01). Overall severity, roughness, and strain voice parameters had acceptable reliability for analysis. Overall severity improved in ML (preop: 54, postop: 27; P < 0.001) and ML with AA (preop: 44, postop: 24; P = 0.005). There was no statistically significant difference in any voice parameter between treatment groups.ConclusionUVFP patients undergoing ML may benefit from addition of AA when a large posterior glottic gap is present. In this study, ML with AA but not ML alone resulted in statistically significant improvement in PG.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 127:2591–2595, 2017
Inorganic carbon and oxygen dynamics in a marsh‐dominated estuary
Authors: Wang Shiyu Rachel , Di Iorio Daniela , Cai Wei‐Jun , Hopkinson Charles S. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe conducted a free‐water mass balance‐based study to address the rate of metabolism and net carbon exchange for the tidal wetland and estuarine portion of the coastal ocean and the uncertainties associated with this approach were assessed. We measured open water diurnal O2 and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) dynamics seasonally in a salt marsh‐estuary in Georgia, U.S.A. with a focus on the marsh‐estuary linkage associated with tidal flooding. We observed that the overall estuarine system was a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere and coastal ocean and a net sink for oceanic and atmospheric O2. Rates of metabolism were extremely high, with respiration (43 mol m−2 yr−1) greatly exceeding gross primary production (28 mol m−2 yr−1), such that the overall system was net heterotrophic. Metabolism measured with DIC were higher than with O2, which we attribute to high rates of anaerobic respiration and reduced sulfur storage in salt marsh sediments, and we assume substantial levels of anoxygenic photosynthesis. We found gas exchange from a flooded marsh is substantial, accounting for about 28% of total O2 and CO2 air–water exchange. A significant percentage of the overall estuarine aquatic metabolism is attributable to metabolism of marsh organisms during inundation. Our study suggests not rely on oceanographic stoichiometry to convert from O2 to C based measurements when constructing C balances for the coastal ocean. We also suggest eddy covariance measurements of salt marsh net ecosystem exchange underestimate net ecosystem production as they do not account for lateral DIC exchange associated with marsh tidal inundation.
Building the learning health system: Describing an organizational infrastructure to support continuous learning
Authors: Kraft Sally , Caplan William , Trowbridge Elizabeth , Davis Sarah , Berkson Stephanie , Kamnetz Sandra , Pandhi Nancy 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIntroductionAcademic health centers are reorganizing in response to dramatic changes in the health‐care environment. To improve value, they and other health systems must become a learning health system, specifically one that has the capacity to understand performance across the continuum of care and use that information to achieve continuous improvements in efficiency and effectiveness. While learning health system concepts have been well described, the practical steps to create such a system are not well defined. Establishing the necessary infrastructure is particularly challenging at academic health centers due to their tripartite missions and complex organizational structures.MethodsUsing an evidence‐based framework, this article describes a series of organizational‐level interventions implemented at an academic health center to create the structures and processes to support the functions of a learning health system.ResultsFollowing implementation of changes from 2008 to 2013, system‐level performance improved in multiple domains: patient satisfaction, population health screenings, improvement education, and patient engagement.ConclusionsThis experience can be applied to health systems that wrestle with making system‐level change when existing cultures, structures, and processes vary. Using an evidence ‐based framework is useful when developing the structures and processes that support the functions of a learning health system.
Relationship between meteorological variables/dust and the number of meningitis cases in Burkina Faso
Authors: Nakazawa Tetsuo , Matsueda Mio 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTUsing four meteorological variables (northeasterly surface wind (WS), relative humidity (RH), rainfall (Rain) and temperature (T2m)) and one of four dust products (dust surface mass concentration or aerosol optical depth, D1–D4) over Burkina Faso, a differential equation for meningitis incidence (N) was applied to the multivariate log‐linear regression analysis to get each contribution from the variables (WS, RH, Rain, T2m and one of four dust products) to N. The climatological data show that dust and temperature are synchronized with meningitis incidence, but the meningitis incidence reaches a peak several months after the northeasterly wind becomes maximum and the relative humidity becomes minimum during the no‐rain period. That is, meningitis incidence increases when the northeasterly wind prevails under dry and no‐rain conditions and decreases when the southwesterly wind prevails under wet and rain conditions, and it has a peak under dusty and hot conditions. After performing all possible combinations of the regression analysis (but choosing only one dust dataset for each combination) using models with one to five parameters, the time derivative of the weekly meningitis incidence from 2006 to 2014 was estimated and compared with that observed. The more parameters that are included, the higher the correlation co‐efficients between the estimated and observed tendency. However, the northeasterly wind has a major contribution to the rate of change of the number of cases. The highest correlation co‐efficient was for the models with all four meteorological variables plus the dust surface mass concentration data. Even in one‐ or two‐parameter models, a maximum correlation co‐efficient of 0.666 is obtained for the WS model, and the WS + RH model gives a maximum of 0.754, which indicates some forecast skill using surface wind and relative humidity data. Although the modelled derivative underestimated the outbreaks in 2006 and 2007, it correctly simulated the timing of the zero crossing of the weekly rate of change of N. Thus, this approach may be useful to identify the timing of the peak season of meningitis in Burkina Faso.
Low‐Temperature Direct Catalytic Hydrothermal Conversion of Biomass Cellulose to Light Hydrocarbons over Pt/Zeolite Catalysts
Authors: Ogo Shuhei , Okuno Yutaro , Sekine Hikaru , Manabe Shota , Yabe Tomohiro , Onda Ayumu , Sekine Yasushi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDirect catalytic hydrothermal conversion of cellulose to C3+C4 hydrocarbons at a low temperature (443 K) over a Pt/zeolite catalyst without hydrogen or other expensive reagents was investigated. Pt supported on NH4+‐form ultra‐stable Y‐type (NH4‐USY) zeolite catalyst, which showed the highest activity among the tested Pt/zeolite catalysts, has appropriate acidity and a suitable active Pt site. The C3+C4 hydrocarbon yield reached 14.5 C‐% during the reaction over the Pt/NH4‐USY catalyst at 443 K after 72 h of the reaction. Results showed that the acid strength of the zeolite support was an important factor affecting the cellulose decomposition activity. Because of their structural sensitivity, Pt/zeolite catalysts with Pt particles larger than 5 nm, including Pt/NH4‐USY catalyst, showed higher TOF values than catalysts with Pt particles smaller than 5 nm.