bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resilience of internal medicine house staff and its association with distress and empathy in an oncology setting
Authors: McFarland Daniel C. , Roth Andrew 
Published: May 2016

AbstractContextResilience is a beneficial trait for resident physicians who are exposed to adversity through their work with patients. Inpatient hematology–oncology produces vicarious trauma for physicians in training. Physician distress and empathy influence patient care and may be associated with respectively lower and greater levels of resilience.MethodsWe collected measures of resilience (Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale), distress (Impact of Events Scale – Revised), and rotation‐specific information (e.g., number of death encounters, death stress, and meaning) at the end of a routine hematology–oncology ward rotation. Empathy (Interpersonal Reactivity Index) was measured both before and after the rotation.ResultsFifty‐six out of 96 residents completed the study with an overall response rate of 58%. Resilience was negatively correlated with distress (r = −0.306, p = 0.023) but not with empathy (r = 0.172, p = 0.204) and nor with change in empathy over the course of the rotation (r = −0.122, p = 0.374). When separated by sex, male resilience was negatively correlated with distress (r = −0.389, p = 0.04), but female resilience was not. Resident distress levels were in a clinically significant (76%) or posttraumatic stress disorder range (17%), and resident empathy decreased during the rotation (p = 0.018). Resilience levels were similar in those who reported that death events were the most stressful experiences of the rotation and those who derived a sense of meaning from working with dying patients.ConclusionsResident physicians experienced clinically relevant distress and a decrease in empathy. Resilient resident physicians were less likely to experience distress. This study provides evidence for the salutary effects of resilience on physician distress. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The use of varenicline to treat nicotine dependence among patients with cancer
Authors: Price Sarah , Hitsman Brian , Veluz‐Wilkins Anna , Blazekovic Sonja , Brubaker Tarah R. , Leone Frank , Hole Anita , Wileyto E. Paul , Langer Corey , Kalhan Ravi , Patel Jyoti , Schnoll Robert 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundContinuing to smoke after a cancer diagnosis can adversely influence the prognosis for patients with cancer. However, remarkably few studies have carefully examined the use of first‐line FDA‐approved medications for nicotine dependence in patients with cancer. This study evaluated the feasibility, safety, and effect on cessation of varenicline for smoking cessation in patients with cancer.MethodsData from 132 treatment‐seeking smokers who received 12 weeks of open‐label varenicline and five brief behavioral counseling sessions were used to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and impact on cessation of varenicline. The effects of abstinence on cognitive function and affect were also explored.ResultsOf 459 patients screened, 306 were eligible for the study (66.7%) and 132 entered treatment (43.1%). Retention was 84.1% over 12 weeks. The rate of biochemically verified abstinence at week 12 was 40.2%. Expected side effects were reported (e.g. sleep problems, nausea), but there were no reports of elevated depressed mood, suicidal thoughts, or cardiovascular events. Abstinence was associated with improved cognitive function and reduced negative affect over time (p < 0.05).ConclusionsAlthough many patients with cancer who smoke did not enroll in treatment, the side effect profile of varenicline and its effect on short‐term cessation converge with what is seen in the general population. Further, as with the general population, abstinence while taking varenicline may lead to improved cognitive function and reduced negative affect. The present data support the use of varenicline to help patients with cancer to quit smoking.
Sublethal dose of phoxim and Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus interact to elevate silkworm mortality
Authors: Gu ZhiYa , Li FanChi , Hu JingSheng , Ding Chao , Wang Chaoqian , Tian JiangHai , Xue Bin , Xu KaiZun , Shen WeiDe , Li Bing 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDSilkworm (Bombyx mori) is an economically important insect. It is relatively less resistant to certain chemicals and environment exposures such as pesticides and pathogens. After pesticide exposures, the silkworms are more susceptible to microbial infections. The mechanism underlying the susceptibility might be related to immune response and oxidative stress.RESULTSA sublethal dose of phoxim combined with Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) elevated the silkworm mortality at 96 h. We found a higher content of H2O2 and increased levels of genes related to oxidative stress and immune response after treatment with a sublethal dose of phoxim for 24 h or 48 h. However, such response decreased with longer pesticide treatment. Mortality increased by 44% when B. mori was exposed to combined treatment with BmNPV and phoxim rather than BmNPV alone. The level of examined immune‐related and oxidative‐stress‐related genes significantly decreased in the combined treatment group compared with the BmNPV group. Our results indicated that, with long‐term exposure to pesticides such as OPs, even at sublethal dose, the oxidative stress response and immune responses in silkworm were inhibited, which may lead to further immune impairment and accumulation of oxidative stress, resulting in susceptibility to the virus and harm to the silkworm.CONCLUSIONOur study provided insights for understanding the susceptibility to pathogen after pesticide exposures, which may promote the development of better pesticide controls to avoid significant economic losses. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
The effect of different beverages on the color and translucency of flowable composites
Authors: Karadas Muhammet 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThis study examined the changes in color and translucency of flowable composites after immersion in different beverages. Thirty composite samples were prepared from four flowable composites (G‐aenial Universal Flo, Filtek Ultimate, Esthelite Flow Quick, and Clearfil Majesty ES Flow) and a microhybrid composite (Filtek Z‐250) and stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 h. The samples were randomly divided into seven groups and then immersed in different beverages (Red Bull, coffee, black tea, Pepsi Cola, orange juice, and distilled water) for 7 days. The CIE L*a*b* values of each sample were measured against white and black backgrounds using a spectrophotometer before and after immersion. Data were analyzed using two‐way analysis of variance and Tukey's post‐hoc test (p < 0.05). The color changes were significantly different among the composite materials after immersion in beverages (p < 0.05). Filtek Ultimate and Esthelite Flow Quick exhibited less discoloration than did G‐aenial Universal Flo and Clearfil Majesty ES Flow. No significant difference was found between Filtek Z‐250 and either Filtek Ultimate or Esthelite Flow Quick (p > 0.05). Among the beverages, black tea and coffee caused the highest discoloration of all the materials. Immersion in coffee and black tea resulted in the highest negative changes in the translucency of the materials. The degree of discoloration for the composite resins depended on the material used and drinking beverage. SCANNING 38:701–709, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Board reform versus profits: The impact of ratings on the adoption of governance practices
Authors: Rowley Timothy J. , Shipilov Andrew V. , Greve Henrich R. 
Published: May 2016

Research summary: External stakeholders frequently attempt to influence organizations' adoption of new practices through the creation of public ratings. Based on the insights of performance feedback theory, we develop the theory of organizational reactions to external ratings to explain how firms' behaviors depend on their rating scores and their profitability. A central issue in our theory is the conflict between established internal goals and goals introduced by public ratings, with public ratings receiving lower priority than established profitability goals. Our theory suggests that, contrary to the expectations of the external stakeholders, firms targeted for criticism by ratings become less likely to adopt corresponding practices when their profitability is below aspirations. These arguments are supported in data on the diffusion of corporate governance practices in Canada.Managerial summary: Firms and their products are rated and ranked by external agencies ranging from Consumer Reports to magazine rankings of admired, environmental, or well‐governed companies. We investigate whether such ratings affect firm behaviors, and especially whether they can incentivize poorly rated firms to improve their ranking when these firms' profitability is also low. Using the leading corporate governance ranking in Canada, we find that rankings could have adverse effects: when firms have both poor governance ranking and poor profitability they are less likely to adopt governance practices, contrary to the ranking creators' intentions. The findings show that there is a hierarchy of firms' goals, where the goal of profitability comes ahead of other goals imposed by external agencies through ratings and rankings. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generation of obese rat model by transcription activator-like effector nucleases targeting the leptin receptor gene
Authors: Chen Yuting , Lu Wenqing , Gao Na , Long Yi , Shao Yanjiao , Liu Meizhen , Chen Huaqing , Ye Shixin , Ma Xueyun , Liu Mingyao , Li Dali 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The laboratory rat is a valuable mammalian model organism for basic research and drug discovery. Here we demonstrate an efficient methodology by applying transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) technology to generate Leptin receptor (Lepr) knockout rats on the Sprague Dawley (SD) genetic background. Through direct injection of in vitro transcribed mRNA of TALEN pairs into SD rat zygotes, somatic mutations were induced in two of three resulting pups. One of the founders carrying bi-allelic mutation exhibited early onset of obesity and infertility. The other founder carried a chimeric mutation which was efficiently transmitted to the progenies. Through phenotyping of the resulting three lines of rats bearing distinct mutations in the Lepr locus, we found that the strains with a frame-shifted or premature stop codon mutation led to obesity and metabolic disorders. However, no obvious defect was observed in a strain with an in-frame 57 bp deletion in the extracellular domain of Lepr. This suggests the deleted amino acids do not significantly affect Lepr structure and function. This is the first report of generating the Lepr mutant obese rat model in SD strain through a reverse genetic approach. This suggests that TALEN is an efficient and powerful gene editing technology for the generation of disease models.
Innovative Programs Promoting Careers in OR Nursing
Authors: Ceschini Donna 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMuch of the baby boomer workforce is approaching retirement, and nurses who are part of this generation will need to be replaced. The strain is especially notable in the perioperative nursing environment. To assist in recruiting new perioperative nurses, three programs were introduced at a rural academic medical center. Leaders at this facility developed a perioperative nursing course to train new graduate nurses and nurses without OR experience, an introduction to perioperative nursing course for junior and senior undergraduate nursing students, and an intraoperative learning experience for high school students interested in a career in nursing. These three programs provide an opportunity to expose new nurses, nursing students, and high school students to an OR nursing career path. The programs and their successful outcomes are shared as exemplars for enhancing the education of new OR nurses and generating interest in OR nursing as a career path.
Randomized controlled trial comparing carbetocin, misoprostol, and oxytocin for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage following an elective cesarean delivery
Authors: Elbohoty Ahmed E.H. , Mohammed Walid E. , Sweed Mohamed , Bahaa Eldin Ahmed M. , Nabhan Ashraf , Abd‐El‐Maeboud Karim H.I. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness and safety of carbetocin, misoprostol, and oxytocin for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage following cesarean deliveries.MethodsA double‐blind randomized controlled trial enrolled patients with a singleton pregnancy scheduled for an elective cesarean delivery at a maternity hospital in Cairo, Egypt, between October 1, 2012 and June 30, 2013. Participants were randomized using a computer‐generated sequence to receive treatment with carbetocin, misoprostol, or oxytocin. The primary outcome was the occurrence of uterine atony necessitating additional uterotonics. Per‐protocol analyses were performed. Patients, investigators, and data analysts were masked to treatment assignments.ResultsThe present study enrolled 263 patients; data were analyzed from 88 patients treated with carbetocin, 89 treated with misoprostol, and 86 women treated with oxytocin. Further uterotonics were needed for the treatment of 5 (6%) patients who were treated with carbetocin, 20 (22%) patients treated with misoprostol, and 11 (13%) patients treated with oxytocin. In the prevention of uterine atony, carbetocin was comparable with oxytocin (RR 0.41, 95%CI 0.14–1.25) and superior to misoprostol (RR 0.21, 95%CI 0.07–0.58).ConclusionAdditional uterotonics were needed less frequently by patients treated with carbetocin. Carbetocin was comparable to oxytocin and superior to misoprostol in the prevention of uterine atony following an elective cesarean delivery.ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02053922
Fetal and neonatal outcomes after term and preterm delivery following betamethasone administration in twin pregnancies
Authors: Braun Thorsten , Weichert Alexander , Gil Hannah C. , Sloboda Deborah M. , Tutschek Boris , Harder Thomas , Dudenhausen Joachim W. , Plagemann Andreas , Henrich Wolfgang 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate effects of betamethasone on fetal growth and neonatal outcomes in twins.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted of twins delivered at one center in Berlin, Germany, between 1993 and 2011. The betamethasone group included twin pregnancies with preterm labor, cervical shortening, preterm premature rupture of membranes, or vaginal bleeding, and exposure to betamethasone between 23+ 5 and 33+ 6 weeks. The control group included twin pregnancies with no betamethasone exposure matched for length at delivery. Fetal growth and neonatal anthropometric data were analyzed by twin‐pair structure, dose, and gestational age (linear mixed model).ResultsOverall, 1922 live‐born twin pairs (653 betamethasone group, 1269 controls) were included. Compared with controls, late‐preterm twins exposed to betamethasone were lighter (mean difference –126 g), had a smaller head circumference (–0.4 cm), and a shorter body length (–0.8 cm) after adjustment for confounders (P < 0.05). Female neonates from mixed or same‐sex twin pairs had a lower birth weight than controls (betamethasone ≤ 16 mg: –114 g; betamethasone 24 mg: –124 g; betamethasone > 24 mg: –187 g), with no detectable improvement in neonatal morbidity (hyperbilirubinemia, respiratory distress, asphyxia) or mortality.ConclusionBetamethasone reduced birth weight, head circumference, and length of female preterm neonates in twin pairs in a dose‐dependent manner. The neonatal mortality and morbidity were not improved by betamethasone.
Mesenteric cyst(s) presenting as acute intestinal obstruction in children
Authors: Makhija Deepa , Shah Hemanshi , Tiwari Charu , Jayaswal Shalika , Khedkar Kiran , Waghmare Mukta 
Published: May 2016

Background and objectives:
Mesenteric cysts are rare in paediatric age group and usually present as asymptomatic abdominal lumps. Acute presentations are uncommon and their preoperative diagnosis is difficult.

Design and settings:
This is a retrospective observational study describing three children with mesenteric cysts who presented with symptoms and signs of acute intestinal obstruction.

Patients and methods:
Three children with mesenteric cysts who presented with acute abdomen are described as per their age, presenting symptoms and signs, investigations, management, and outcome.

Results:
The three children presented in emergency with symptoms and signs of acute intestinal obstruction. On exploration, all had mesenteric cyst and were managed by deroofing, marsupilisation and excision. All patients recovered uneventfully.

Conclusions:
presentation of mesenteric cyst as acute obstruction in paediatric age group is rare and preoperative diagnosis is difficult. The larger cysts are more likely to have an acute presentation.
CNS tau efflux via exosomes is likely increased in Parkinson's disease but not in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Shi Min , Kovac Andrej , Korff Ane , Cook Travis J. , Ginghina Carmen , Bullock Kristin M. , Yang Li , Stewart Tessandra , Zheng Danfeng , Aro Patrick , Atik Anzari , Kerr Kathleen F. , Zabetian Cyrus P. , Peskind Elaine R. , Hu Shu‐Ching , Quinn Joseph F. , Galasko Douglas R. , Montine Thomas J. , Banks William A. , Zhang Jing 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIntroductionAlzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) involve tau pathology. Tau is detectable in blood, but its clearance from neuronal cells and the brain is poorly understood.MethodsTau efflux from the brain to the blood was evaluated by administering radioactively labeled and unlabeled tau intracerebroventricularly in wild‐type and tau knock‐out mice, respectively. Central nervous system (CNS)–derived tau in L1CAM‐containing exosomes was further characterized extensively in human plasma, including by single molecule array technology with 303 subjects.ResultsThe efflux of Tau, including a fraction via CNS‐derived L1CAM exosomes, was observed in mice. In human plasma, tau was explicitly identified within L1CAM exosomes. In contrast to AD patients, L1CAM exosomal tau was significantly higher in PD patients than controls and correlated with cerebrospinal fluid tau.ConclusionsTau is readily transported from the brain to the blood. The mechanisms of CNS tau efflux are likely different between AD and PD.
Cultural Discrepancy and National Corruption: Investigating the Difference between Cultural Values and Practices and Its Relationship to Corrupt Behavior
Authors: Gelbrich Katja , Stedham Yvonne , Gäthke Daniel 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT:The relationship between culture and corruption has been the focus of various studies, producing inconsistent results. We suggest that these inconsistencies might be due to the conceptualization and measurement of culture. Drawing on the possible value/fact dichotomy discussed in ethical philosophy, we introduce the construct of cultural discrepancy—the difference between cultural values (“ought”) and practices (“is”)—as a predictor of pervasive (i.e., fully institutionalized and predictable) and arbitrary (i.e., uncertain and relatively unorganized) corruption. Examining the relationship between the discrepancies observed in the GLOBE cultural dimensions and the Corruption Perception Index shows that in-group collectivism discrepancy is negatively related to pervasive corruption; future orientation discrepancy is positively related to arbitrary corruption. Further, we show that these relationships are contingent on national wealth. The negative relationship for in-group collectivism discrepancy is most pronounced in poor and moderately wealthy countries, and the positive relationship for future orientation discrepancy is most pronounced in rich countries.
Leishmania mexicana: promastigotes and amastigotes secrete protein phosphatases and this correlates with the production of inflammatory cytokines in macrophages
Authors: ESCALONA-MONTAÑO A. R. , ORTIZ-LOZANO D. M. , ROJAS-BERNABÉ A. , WILKINS-RODRIGUEZ A. A. , TORRES-GUERRERO H. , MONDRAGÓN-FLORES R. , MONDRAGÓN-GONZALEZ R. , BECKER I. , GUTIÉRREZ-KOBEH L. , AGUIRRE-GARCIA M. M. 
Published: May 2016

SUMMARYPhosphatase activity ofLeishmaniaspp. has been shown to deregulate the signalling pathways of the host cell. We here show thatLeishmania mexicanapromastigotes and amastigotes secrete proteins with phosphatase activity to the culture medium, which was higher in the Promastigote Secretion Medium (PSM) as compared with the Amastigote Secretion Medium (ASM) and was not due to cell lysis, since parasite viability was not affected by the secretion process. The biochemical characterization showed that the phosphatase activity present in PSM was higher in dephosphorylating the peptide END (pY) INASL as compared with the peptide RRA (pT)VA. In contrast, the phosphatase activity in ASM showed little dephosphorylating capacity for both peptides. Inhibition assays demonstrated that the phosphatase activity of both PSM and ASM was sensible only to protein tyrosine phosphatases inhibitors. An antibody against a protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) ofLeishmania majorcross-reacted with a 44·9 kDa molecule in different cellular fractions ofL. mexicanapromastigotes and amastigotes, however, in PSM and ASM, the antibody recognized a protein about 70 kDa. By electron microscopy, the PP2C was localized in the flagellar pocket of amastigotes. PSM and ASM induced the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-1β, IL-12p70 and IL-10 in human macrophages.
Functional characterization of X-prolyl aminopeptidase from Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: YANG MINGFA , ZHENG JUN , JIA HONGLIN , SONG MINGXIN 
Published: May 2016

SUMMARYIn the present study, a recombinant aminopeptidase P (rTgAPP) from Toxoplasma gondii was expressed in Escherichia coli to evaluate its enzyme parameters. The rTgAPP showed strong activity against a synthetic substrate for aminopeptidase P at pH 8·0 with a Km value of 0·255 µm and a kcat value of 35·6 s−1. The overall catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of the rTgAPP was 139·6 × 105 M−1 s−1. The activity of rTgAPP was enhanced by the addition of divalent cations and inhibited by bestatin. Deletion of TgAPP gene in the parasite through a CRISPR/Cas9 system resulted in inhibition of growth indicating the importance of TgAPP. Thus our findings reveal that TgAPP is an active enzyme in T. gondii and provide an insight into the function of TgAPP.
Expérience de fréquentation des lieux publics par des personnes âgées ayant subi un TCC en présence d’un accompagnateur-citoyen: projet pilote
Authors: Levert Marie-Josée , Lefebvre Hélène , Gélinas Isabelle , McKerall Michelle , Roy Odette , Proulx Michelle 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThis pilot project aims to test and see the relevance of the direct observation method to collect data on the barriers and facilitators to attending public places by seniors with TBI. The study is based on the conceptual framework VADA WHO which focuses on the development of friendly built and technological environments for seniors. Three elderly people participated in the study, recruited from an ongoing project, The Citizen Intervention in Community Living (APIC), in the presence of their personalized attendant. The study shows the feasibility of the method in terms of its acceptability and resources mobilized. It shows its relevance to access additional data that would have been difficult to obtain using others methods (e.g., semi-structured interview), such as the identification of the strategies used by the participants to address the obstacles encountered (avoidance, travel planning, use of physical and preventative support of the personalized attendant).