bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ORGANIC MATTER PRODUCTION AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COVER CROPS FERTILIZED WITH NPK
Authors: DE REZENDE ADAUTON VILELA , RABÊLO FLÁVIO HENRIQUE SILVEIRA , VILLALBA HUGO ABELARDO GONZÁLEZ , SWERTS VINÍCIUS ARAÚJO , DUPAS ELISÂNGELA , FLORENTINO LIGIANE APARECIDA , RABELO CARLOS HENRIQUE SILVEIRA , CORRER ANA CAROLINA DEZUÓ 
Published: June 2016

SUMMARYThe crop rotation is a practice to protect and improve the soil properties and an alternative to improve the quality of crop residues is the application of fertilizers at the planting of cover crops. Thus, we evaluated the effect of fertilization with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) on organic matter production and chemical composition of cover crops succeeding the corn crop. The treatments consisted of the cultivation of Avena sativa L., Lupinus albus L., Pennisetum glaucum L., Raphanus sativus L. and Sorghum bicolor L. with (200 kg ha−1 of NPK [08-28-16] applied by broadcast seeding) and without fertilization at planting. Organic matter production by all cover crops, as well as concentrations of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) in shoots and roots of A. sativa L. and R. sativus L. were higher when they were fertilized. L. albus L. showed higher NDF and acid detergent fibre (ADF) contents than the other cover crops, with and without fertilization. Nitrogen concentration increased, but the carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N) in the shoots of L. albus L., R. sativus L. and S. bicolor L. decreased when fertilization was applied. The use of N by the A. sativa L. and P. glaucum L. and of P and K by S. bicolor L. was 16, 54, 82 and 20% more efficient, respectively, when fertilization was applied. The A. sativa L., P. glaucum L. and R. sativus L. showed higher NDF/N, ADF/N and hemicellulose/N ratios in the fertilized treatment. Although the results obtained in this study are highly satisfactory, more research should be conducted to evaluate the decomposition of crop residues from cover crops fertilized with NPK, and the effects of this strategy on corn crops in succession.
EXCESSIVE USE OF FERTILIZER CAN INCREASE LEACHING PROCESSES AND MODIFY SOIL RESERVES IN TWO ECUADORIAN OIL PALM PLANTATIONS
Authors: DUBOS BERNARD , SNOECK DIDIER , FLORI ALBERT 
Published: June 2016

SUMMARYIn the oil palm plantations of Ecuador, two factorial trials (namely CP06 and CP08) were used to assess the effects of N, P and K fertilization on the soil chemical characteristics after 10 years of fertilizer application. The use of ammonia-based fertilizers has resulted in a drop in soil pH, which has reached 1.2 units in one of the two trials. A drop in cation exchange capacity (CEC) was also found, and a loss of exchangeable cations that probably reflected leaching of excess N as nitrates. The use of KCl enriched the soil in K, which contributed to impoverishment in Ca and Mg. In both trials, the highest N and K application rates had no significant effect on yield in comparison with an intermediate fertilization rate; however, their effects on the fertilized soil significantly increased the risk of N and cation leaching towards the deep soil layers. We also compared the effects of the N, P and K factors on soil properties outside the fertilizer application zone. In both trials, the mineral reserves played a major role in meeting the needs of the control palms, which had not been fertilized for 10 years, as no significant yield drop has been observed except in trial CP06 when no KCl was applied. However, uptake of nutrient in the control plots did not lead to significant impoverishment of the soil.
SUPPORTING SMALLHOLDER COMMERCIALISATION BY ENHANCING INTEGRATED COORDINATION IN AGRIFOOD VALUE CHAINS: EXPERIENCES WITH DAIRY HUBS IN KENYA
Authors: KILELU CATHERINE W. , KLERKX LAURENS , LEEUWIS CEES 
Published: June 2016

SUMMARYRecent literature suggests that to make value chains in changing agrifood systems in sub-Saharan Africa more inclusive, intermediary institutions should foster coordination. The hub concept has been applied as such an intermediary institution that coordinates advisory services, input supply and smallholder access to markets. This study unravels hub coordination in smallholder dairy in Kenya, conceptualising the hub as a mix between a broker of relationships, a one-stop-shop for services and a cluster of producers and service providers, enabling horizontal coordination (between smallholders) and vertical coordination (between smallholders and value chain actors and service providers). Findings indicate that, in resolving challenges that limit smallholders’ integration in value chains, synergies emerged as the hub combined different types of horizontal and vertical coordination. This was done by simultaneously organising clusters of farmers and input and service providers (clustering role) and actively facilitating delivery (broker and one-stop-shop role), where the hub structure stimulated the matching of demand (better articulation) to supply (better organised access). However, tensions emerged in the combination of horizontal and vertical coordination as farmer organisations as hub operators had to balance a role as an honest broker between farmers with the intent of enhancing collective action and as a business-oriented entity which resulted in the exclusion of some farmers who cannot deliver the quantity and quality required to minimise coordination costs. Given these tensions and capacity problems of farmers’ organisations, complementary intermediary arrangements may be necessary to fulfil some coordination roles.
SCHWEITZER AND AFRICA
Authors: HARRIS RUTH 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis work analyses Albert Schweitzer's complex relationship to Africa, and places him within the context of medical missionizing. Although he worked in Africa for over fifty years, Schweitzer was strangely indifferent to the continent's culture. Unlike his fellow missionaries, he never learned native languages, and his service was primarily grounded in a Nietzschean rejection of European conventionalities and a desire to develop his unique ‘ethical personality’. Schweitzer's self-belief enabled him to create a village-hospital where the sick could come with their families for treatment and refuge, and contributed to his idea of the ‘reverence for life’, a secularized ethics of compassion and environmental protection that made him famous in the West. The village-hospital enabled him to tend the sick more effectively, but after the First World War it became more hierarchical and de-personalized. Schweitzer's missionary experiment in Lambaréné was simultaneously radical and conformist, daring and self-protectively conservative. His desire to serve was as profound as any of his clerical colleagues, but it was built, as will be seen, upon rebellious ethical foundations. Schweitzer stands out not so much for his therapeutic innovations (though these were important), as for his later formulation of a neo-Christian ecologism that assured his fame in Europe and America.
Mediators of marginalisation in discharge planning with older adults
Authors: DUROCHER EVELYNE , GIBSON BARBARA E. , RAPPOLT SUSAN 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTReturning home or moving to a more supportive setting upon discharge from inpatient health-care services can have a tremendous impact on the lives of older adults and their families. Institutional concerns with patient safety and expedience can overshadow health-care professionals' commitments to collaborative discharge planning. In light of many competing demands and agendas, it can be unclear what is driving discharge-planning processes and outcomes. This paper presents the results of a study examining discharge planning in an older adult rehabilitation unit in a Canadian urban setting. Using microethnographic case studies, we explored the perspectives of older adults, family members and health-care professionals. Drawing on concepts of relational autonomy to guide the analysis, we found that discourses of ageing-as-decline, beliefs privileging health-care professionals' expertise and conventions guiding discharge planning intersected to marginalise older adult patients in discharge-planning decision making. Discharge planning in the research setting was driven by norms of ‘protecting physical safety’ at the expense of older adults’ self-declared interests and values. Such practices resulted in frequent recommendations of 24-hour care, which have significant personal, social and financial implications for older adults and their families, and ultimately might undermine clients' or health-care systems' aims. The analysis revealed social, political and institutional biases that diminish the rights and autonomy of older adults.
Extension of a reduced entropic model of electron transport to magnetized nonlocal regimes of high-energy-density plasmas
Authors: Del Sorbo D. , Feugeas J.-L. , Nicolaï Ph. , Olazabal-Loumé M. , Dubroca B. , Tikhonchuk V. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLaser-produced high-energy-density plasmas may contain strong magnetic fields that affect the energy transport, which can be nonlocal. Models which describe the magnetized nonlocal transport are formally complicated and based on many approximations. This paper presents a more straightforward approach to the description of the electron transport in this regime, based on the extension of a reduced entropic model. The calculated magnetized heat fluxes are compared with the known asymptotic limits and applied for studying of a magnetized nonlocal plasma thermalization.
Combined effect of relativistic and ponderomotive nonlinearity on self-focusing of Gaussian laser beam in a cold quantum plasma
Authors: Kumar H. , Aggarwal M. , Richa  , Gill T.S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn the present paper, we have investigated self-focusing of Gaussian laser beam in relativistic ponderomotive (RP) cold quantum plasma. When de Broglie wavelength of charged particles is greater than or equal to the inter particle distance or equivalently the temperature is less than or equal to the Fermi temperature, quantum nature of the plasma constituents cannot be ignored. In this context, we have reported self-focusing on account of nonlinear dielectric contribution of RP plasma by taking into consideration the impact of quantum effects. We have setup the nonlinear differential equation for the beam-width parameter by paraxial ray and Wentzel Kramers Brillouin approximation and solved it numerically by the Runge Kutta Fourth order method. Our results show that additional self-focusing is achieved in case of RP cold quantum plasma than relativistic cold quantum plasma and classical relativistic case. The pinching effect offered by quantum plasma and the combined effect of relativistic and ponderomotive nonlinearity greatly enhances laser propagation up to 20 Rayleigh lengths.
Photo-transmutation of long-lived radionuclide 135Cs by laser–plasma driven electron source
Authors: Wang X.-L. , Tan Z.-Y. , Luo W. , Zhu Z.-C. , Wang X.-D. , Song Y.-M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLaser-driven relativistic electrons can be focused onto a high-Z convertor for generating high-brightness γ-rays, which in turn can be used to induce photonuclear reactions. In this work, photo-transmutation of long-lived radionuclide 135Cs induced by laser–plasma–interaction-driven electron source is demonstrated using Geant4 simulation (Agostinelli et al., 2003 Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A506, 250). High-energy electron generation, bremsstrahlung, as well as photonuclear reaction are observed at four different laser intensities: 1020, 5 × 1020, 1021, and 5 × 1021 W/cm2. The transmutation efficiency depends on the laser intensity and target size. An optimum laser intensity, namely 1021 W/cm2, was found, with the corresponding photonuclear reaction yield reaching 108 J−1 of the laser energy. Laser-generated electrons can therefore be a promising tool for transmutation reactions. Potential application in nuclear waste management is suggested.
Electron sheath dynamic in the laser–foil interaction
Authors: Mirzanejhad S. , Babaei J. , Nasrollahpour R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn the interaction of ultra-short and ultra-intense high contrast laser pulse with a dense foil, accelerating electron sheath is formed. The dynamic of this sheath is obtained according to the ponderomotive force of the laser pulse and restoring electrostatic force of the stationary heavy ions. In the transient dynamics, maximum electron sheath displacement is obtained for different interaction parameters. This maximum displacement has an important effect in the explanation of the electron blow out condition. It is shown numerically that the electron sheath maximum displacement increases with increasing laser pulse amplitude or decreasing its rise time, or by decreasing plasma electron density. Recently, backward MeV acceleration of electrons in the interaction of intense laser pulse with solid targets was observed. The ponderomotive force of the compressed reflected laser pulse includes in our formalism and is used for explanation of the electron's backward acceleration. The threshold values of the interaction parameters for the occurrence of this phenomenon are considered. The electron blow out condition and backward acceleration are accompanied with numerical modeling and 1D3V, particle-in-cell simulation code.
‘Blended’ Cyber-Neologisms
Authors: Roig-Marín Amanda 
Published: June 2016

Technologies are beginning to blend our experience of digital and physical realities. We exchange data (images, videos, messages, etc.), present ourselves to the rest of the world on social media, network, and even perform a larger number of tasks than in person. As our world and ways of life keep on changing, so do words. The aim of this article is to examine the coinage of blends (i.e.smog-type [<smoke + fog] words) as a response to the blended realities that have emerged from the use of new technologies.
Trajectories of marijuana use from late childhood to late adolescence: Can Temperament × Experience interactions discriminate different trajectories of marijuana use?
Authors: Scalco Matthew D. , Colder Craig R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractInformed by developmental ecological and epigenetic theory, the current study examined three aims concerning adolescent marijuana use with a large community sample (N= 755; gender = 53% female) and six annual assessments that spanned 11–18 years of age. First, the natural history of adolescent marijuana use was modeled using a two-part latent growth curve analysis. Second, the validity of the mixtures was examined with a broad array of known correlates of adolescent marijuana use. Third, temperament (e.g., surgency, effortful control, and negative affect) was tested as individual differences that would enter into statistical interactions with peer substance use and prior alcohol and cigarette use to distinguish trajectories of marijuana use. The results suggested that escalations in marijuana use were observed for some youth who initiated marijuana use early in adolescence. Youth whose marijuana use did escalate substantially (10%) were distinguished on temperament, conduct disorder, peer delinquency, and pubertal development at baseline. Furthermore, hypothesized interactions between surgency and both peer substance use and prior substance use discriminated different patterns of marijuana use. The findings are discussed with respect to strategies for timing and content of preventive interventions.
Osip Petrov, Anna Petrova-Vorobyova and the Development of Low-Voiced Character Types in Nineteenth-Century Russian Opera
Authors: Forshaw Juliet 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article delves into the lives and careers of two significant Russian singers: the bass Osip Petrov and his wife, the mezzo-soprano Anna Vorobyova, who created or inspired leading roles in operas by Glinka, Dargomïzhsky and Musorgsky. Over the course of a career that spanned some four decades, Petrov would become the most celebrated Russian bass of the nineteenth century; Vorobyova, whose career was cut short by a tragic accident, would turn her attention to the private sphere and incubate a younger generation of musicians. Drawing on reviews, memoirs and personal correspondence, I chart the influence of this couple not only on individual composers and operas, but also on the development of stock characters such as the father, the buffoon, the antihero and the trouser role.
Aida Times Two: How Italian Veterans of Two Historic Aida Productions Shaped Argentina’s Music History
Authors: Cetrangolo Aníbal Enrique 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAida famously inaugurated the Teatro Colón in Buenos Aires in 1908, but the musical history of the city is also linked to two earlier productions of the piece: its debut in Cairo in 1871, and another legendary performance, in Rio de Janeiro in 1886. This article retraces the steps of five Italian musicians who played in the orchestras of the Cairo or Rio productions before moving to Buenos Aires, and thereby formed part of the vast Italian emigration to Argentina in the final decades of the nineteenth century. Once there, Pietro Melani, Tomaso Marenco, Giovanni Grazioso Panizza, Italo Casella and Ferruccio Cattelani radically transformed the concert life of the city through their musical activities, not least through their introduction of a wide range of orchestral and chamber music repertoire. By reconstructing their trajectories, I argue for a stronger focus on international networks in thinking about the history of Italian opera at this time and for a greater attention to the contributions of performers who would later fall into obscurity. In addition, I suggest that the insignificant attention given to such figures even in Argentinean narratives would seem to indicate the persistence of a historiography that plays down the contributions of European immigrants in the musical history of the city and the nation.
An asymptomatic case of a single coronary artery in a 7-year-old girl
Authors: Yaoita Hisao , Kimura Masato , Kure Shigeo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe describe the case of a 7-year-old girl with a single coronary artery. The coronary artery passed between the ascending aorta and pulmonary artery, and an aberrant vessel ran anterior to the latter.
Use of Amplatzer Vascular Plugs for the treatment of combined extralobar and intralobar pulmonary sequestration in a 5-year-old child
Authors: Herbert Carrie E. , Reddy Surendranath R. Veeram , Lemler Matthew S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPulmonary sequestration is a rare congenital anomaly that can be asymptomatic or present with recurrent infections, respiratory symptoms, or rarely heart failure. Sequestration is classified as intralobar or extralobar on the basis of whether there is separation from normal lung tissue by its own visceral pleura. Classically, patients are treated with surgical resection. We present a case of multivessel, combined intralobar and extralobar pulmonary sequestration treated with transcatheter embolisation.
Enhancing the prospects for palliative care at the end of life: A statewide educational demonstration project to improve advance care planning
Authors: Litzelman Debra K. , Cottingham Ann H. , Griffin Wilma , Inui Thomas S. , Ivy Steven S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjective:Although patients want to participate in discussions and decisions about their end-of-life care, studies show that providers frequently fail to invite them to explore advanced care preferences or goals for living. The purpose of our demonstration project was to provide education and coaching to individuals, health providers, and organizations across the state of Indiana intended to facilitate these conversations, documenting and honoring individuals' life goals and preferences for care during the final stages of life.Method:Education and training engaged community members as well as healthcare providers to: (1) improve participant comfort and facility discussing end-of-life issues; (2) improve knowledge of healthcare choices, including palliative and hospice care; and (3) prepare all participants to explore and document personal values, life goals, and priorities as well as goals of care.Results:Between January of 2013 and June of 2015, the team educated close to 5,000 participants. Participants' ratings of the quality and perceived usefulness of the educational events ranged from 4 to 5 (using a 5-point scale, with 5 = most effective). Participant comments were overwhelmingly favorable and indicated an intention to put the advance care planning resources, communication skills, knowledge of palliative and hospice care, and personal renewal techniques into practice.Significance of Results:Participant motivation to foster advance care planning, discussions of palliative care, and end-of-life conversations was facilitated by the reframing of these conversations as identifying goals of care and priorities for living well during an important stage of life. Successful strategies included helping providers and patients to adopt a broader meaning for “sustaining hope” (not for cure, but for engaging in highly valued activities), developing provider communication skills and comfort in initiating potentially difficult discussions, engaging a new community health workforce who will develop trusting relationships with patients in home-based services, and fostering self-awareness and self-care among palliative care providers.
Documenting presence: A descriptive study of chaplain notes in the intensive care unit
Authors: Lee Brittany M. , Curlin Farr A. , Choi Philip J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjective:To clarify and record their role in the care of patients, hospital chaplains are increasingly called on to document their work in the medical record. Chaplains' documentation, however, varies widely, even within single institutions. Little has been known, however, about the forms that documentation takes in different settings or about how clinicians interpret chaplain documentation. This study aims to examine how chaplains record their encounters in an intensive care unit (ICU).Method:We performed a retrospective chart review of the chaplain notes filed on patients in the adult ICUs at a major academic medical center over a six-month period. We used an iterative process of qualitative textual analysis to code and analyze chaplains' free-text entries for emergent themes.Results:Four primary themes emerged from chaplain documentation. First, chaplains frequently used “code language,” such as “compassionate presence,” to recapitulate interventions already documented elsewhere in a checklist of ministry interventions. Second, chaplains typically described what they observed rather than interpreting its clinical significance. Third, chaplains indicated passive follow-up plans, waiting for patients or family members to request further interaction. Fourth, chaplains sometimes provided insights into particular relationship dynamics.Significance of results:As members of the patient care team, chaplains access the medical record to communicate clinically relevant information. The present study suggests that recent emphasis on evidence-based practice may be leading chaplains, at least in the medical center we studied, to use a reduced, mechanical language insufficient for illuminating patients' individual stories. We hope that our study will promote further consideration of how chaplain documentation can enhance patient care and convey the unique value that chaplains add to the clinical team.