bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WhetherShari’ahcompliance efficiency is a matter for the financial performance
Authors: Ullah Md. Hafij , Khanam Ruma 
Published: January 2018

PurposeShari’ahis the foundation of Islamic banks. Although all the Islamic banks required complying with theShari’ahrequirements fully, the level of compliance differs among the Islamic banks. At the same time, Islamic banks have been performing well, but all do not demonstrate similar financial performance. This paper aims to explore whetherShari’ahcompliance efficiency makes any difference in financial performance of Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited (IBBL).Design/methodology/approachThis study used IBBL as a case. For exploring the issue of study, this paper applied an e-mail interview approach and interviewed 24 interviewees including financial analysts, IBBL clients and executives of regulatory bodies, the IBBL and other Islamic- and interest-based traditional banks. Interview opinions are then analyzed and interpreted for a deeper understanding of the topic.FindingsThe study observed that some other factors influence the financial performance of IBBL, butShari’ahcompliance is the dominant instinct of acquiring the leading position. SuperiorShari’ahcompliance creates internal strengths and external opportunities that facilitate IBBL in achieving higher financial performance. Most interviewees argued thatShari’ahis the only disposition that makes IBBL unique. Moreover, the bank that considerably followsShari’ahgets better financial outcomes.Research limitations/implicationsThe study used a qualitative method using interview responses only for evaluating the relationship betweenShari’ahcompliance and financial performance. Further study may be conducted based on a quantitative approach.Practical implicationsThis paper expects to uphold the significance ofShari’ahin improving the financial performance of IBBL and simultaneously motivating the parties associated with the Islamic banks in enhancing the level ofShari’ahcompliance. Moreover, this study provides new insights into the importance Islamic banks and their performance in relation to the choice of customers.Originality/valueThis study explores the significance ofShari’ahcompliance in creating avenues for greater financial performance and develops a model showing the ways howShari’ahcompliance leads Islamic banks to achieve higher financial positions.
Bank’s financial stability and risk management
Authors: Elbadry Ahmed 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
This study aims to examine the effect of Saudi bank’s financial stability on risk management.

Design/methodology/approach
Different ordinary least square models have been used to study the significant effect of banks’ financial stability indicators on different types of risks in Saudi banks. Financial statements were collected of all Saudi banks (12 banks) from 2011 to 2014 from TADAWL website.

Findings
The results indicate a negative and significant effect of capital adequacy ratio on credit risk. Also, there is a significant and positive effect of leverage ratio on credit risk. Moreover, the results indicate negative and significant effect of provisions, leverage, ratio of loans to deposits and bank size on liquidity risk. Finally, results indicate a positive and significant effect of capital adequacy, provisions, leverage and asset utilization ratio on operational risk and indicate a negative and significant effect of loan-to-deposits ratio on operational risk. A robustness check was used to confirm the results. No differences between small and large Saudi banks was found. All banks are committed to apply Basel accord and Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency (SAMA) regulations. But there is a significant difference in applying SAMA toolkits regulations between 2011 and 2014. The 2014 results reflect very high degree of financial stability in Saudi banks when compared with that of 2011, also greater ability to mitigate risk exposure using different types of macroprudential toolkits stated by SAMA.

Research limitations/implications
The study is limited to Saudi Banks from 2011 to 2014.

Originality/value
This is the first paper to use the macroprudential toolkits, suggested by SAMA as financial stability measurements, to examine their effect on different types of risks in Saudi banks. SAMA suggested this group of toolkits to comply with Basel III new regulations and to minimize the degree of risk exposure of Saudi banks.
Income smoothing behavior and the procyclical effect of loan loss provisions in Islamic banks
Authors: Pramono Sigid Eko , Rossieta Hilda , Soedarmono Wahyoe 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
This study aims to test whether loan loss provisions in Islamic banks is procyclical by explicitly examining the link between non-discretionary provisions and loan growth. In the next stage, this paper tests whether the link between non-discretionary provisions and loan growth is conditional on bank capitalization and lending. This is to identify whether bank-specific factors affect the procyclicality of non-discretionary provisions and whether such procyclicality can be explained by income smoothing in banks with different capitalization and loan profiles.

Design/methodology/approach
This study is conducted in four stages. The first stage identifies the determinants of loan loss provisions. The second stage investigates whether income smoothing is affected by capitalization and lending activities. In the third stage, the link between non-discretionary provisions and loan growth is examined. In the fourth stage, this paper tests whether the link between non-discretionary provisions and loan growth is affected by bank capitalization and lending. A two-way panel-fixed effect model is used.

Findings
Non-discretionary provisions are procyclical, particularly for banks with lower capitalization and lending activities, because such banks do not conduct income smoothing. Specifically, banks with lower capitalization experience a decline in loan growth when non-discretionary provisions to cover credit risk increase.

Research limitations/implications
The dataset used in this study follows Soedarmono et al. (2017) and does not enable to differentiate types of financing products in Islamic banks that may exacerbate or mitigate the procyclicality of non-discretionary provisions.

Originality/value
This paper extends prior literature on the procyclicality of loan loss provisions by specifically investigating the influence of non-discretionary provisions on loan growth in Islamic banks and whether such relationship depends on the role of income smoothing undertaken by banks with different levels of capitalization and lending. This paper builds on the work of Soedarmono et al. (2017) in which they do not explicitly examine the relationship between loan loss provisions and loan growth.
The dispositions for culturally responsive pedagogy scale
Authors: Whitaker Manya C. , Valtierra Kristina Marie 
Published: January 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to develop and validate the dispositions for culturally responsive pedagogy scale (DCRPS).Design/methodology/approachScale development consisted of a six-step process including item development, expert review, exploratory factor analysis, factor interpretation, confirmatory factor analysis and convergent and discriminant validity analyses.FindingsThe final scale contains 19 Likert items across three dispositional domains: Disposition for Praxis, Disposition for Community and Disposition for Social Justice. The alpha reliability value for the overall scale was 0.92.Practical implicationsThe DCRPS can be used in teacher preparation programs for programmatic evaluation, for teacher candidate growth assessment or for career counseling.Originality/valueOther scales related to multicultural education reflect teachers’ general beliefs about diversity and/or inclusive education. The DCRPS is the first scale that assesses teachers’ beliefs and attitudes underlying culturally responsive teaching practices.
Informational cascades in financial markets: review and synthesis
Authors: Doherty Oksana 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to review recent contributions to the theoretical and empirical literature on informational cascades.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper reviews and synthesises the existing literature, methodologies and evidence on informational cascades.

Findings
Many financial settings foster situations where informational cascades and herding are likely. Cascades remain mainly an area of experimental research, leaving the empirical evidence inconclusive. Existing measures have limitations that do not allow for a direct test of cascading behaviour. More accurate models and methods for empirical testing of informational cascades could provide more conclusive evidence on the matter.

Practical implications
Outlined findings have implications for designing policies and regulatory requirements, as well as for the design of collective decisions processes.

Originality/value
The paper reviews and critiques existing theory; it summarises the recent laboratory and empirical evidence and identifies issues for future research. Most of other theoretical work reviews informational cascades as a subsection of herding. This paper focusses on informational cascades specifically. It distinguishes between informational cascade and herding. The paper also reviews most recent empirical evidence on cascades, presents review and synthesis of the theoretical and empirical development on information cascades up to date, and reviews the model of informational cascades with model criticism.
Early Impact of the Affordable Care Act Coverage Expansion on Safety‐Net Hospital Inpatient Payer Mix and Market Shares
Authors: Wu Vivian Y. , Fingar Kathryn R. , Jiang H. Joanna , Washington Raynard , Mulcahy Andrew W. , Cutler Eli , Pickens Gary 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveTo examine the impact of the Affordable Care Act's coverage expansion on safety‐net hospitals (SNHs).Study SettingNine Medicaid expansion states.Study DesignDifferences‐in‐differences (DID) models compare payer‐specific pre‐post changes in inpatient stays of adults aged 19–64 years at SNHs and non‐SNHs.Data Collection Methods2013–2014 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases.Principal FindingsOn average per quarter postexpansion, SNHs and non‐SNHs experienced similar relative decreases in uninsured stays (DID = –2.2 percent, p = .916). Non‐SNHs experienced a greater percentage increase in Medicaid stays than did SNHs (DID = 13.8 percent, p = .041). For SNHs, the average decrease in uninsured stays (–146) was similar to the increase in Medicaid stays (153); privately insured stays were stable. For non‐SNHs, the decrease in uninsured (–63) plus privately insured (–33) stays was similar to the increase in Medicaid stays (105). SNHs and non‐SNHs experienced a similar absolute increase in Medicaid, uninsured, and privately insured stays combined (DID = –16, p = .162).ConclusionsPostexpansion, non‐SNHs experienced a greater percentage increase in Medicaid stays than did SNHs, which may reflect patients choosing non‐SNHs over SNHs or a crowd‐out of private insurance. More research is needed to understand these trends.
Impact of the 340B Drug Pricing Program on Cancer Care Site and Spending in Medicare
Authors: Jung Jeah , Xu Wendy Y. , Kalidindi Yamini 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveTo examine the impact of the 340B drug discount program on the site of cancer drug administration and cancer care spending in Medicare.Data Sources/Study Setting2010–2013 Medicare claims data for a random sample of Medicare Fee‐for‐Service beneficiaries with cancer.Study DesignWe identified the 340B effect using variation in the availability of 340B hospitals across markets. We considered beneficiaries from markets that newly gained a 340B hospital during the study period (new 340B markets) as the treatment group. Beneficiaries in markets with no 340B hospital were the control group. We used a difference‐in‐differences approach with market fixed effects.Data CollectionSecondary data analysis.Principal FindingsThe probability of a patient receiving cancer drug administration in hospital outpatient departments (HOPDs) versus physician offices increased 7.8 percentage points more in new 340B markets than in markets with no 340B hospital. Per‐patient spending on other cancer care increased $1,162 more in new 340B markets than in markets with no 340B hospital.ConclusionsThe 340B program shifted the site of cancer drug administration to HOPDs and increased spending on other cancer care. As the program expands, continuing assessment of its impact on service utilization and spending would be needed.
Cross‐Sector Collaboration in the High‐Poverty Setting: Qualitative Results from a Community‐Based Diabetes Intervention
Authors: Tung Elizabeth L. , Gunter Kathryn E. , Bergeron Nyahne Q. , Lindau Stacy Tessler , Chin Marshall H. , Peek Monica E. 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveTo characterize the motivations of stakeholders from diverse sectors who engaged in cross‐sector collaboration with an academic medical center.Data SourcePrimary qualitative data (2014–2015) were collected from 22 organizations involved in a cross‐sector diabetes intervention on the South Side of Chicago.Study DesignIn‐depth, semistructured interviews; participants included leaders from all stakeholder organization types (e.g., businesses, community development, faith‐based) involved in the intervention.Data Collection MethodsData were transcribed verbatim from audio and video recordings. Analysis was conducted using the constant comparison method, derived from grounded theory.Principal FindingsAll stakeholders described collaboration as an opportunity to promote community health in vulnerable populations. Among diverse motivations across organization types, stakeholders described collaboration as an opportunity for: financial support, brand enhancement, access to specialized skills or knowledge, professional networking, and health care system involvement in community‐based efforts. Based on our findings, we propose a framework for implementing a working knowledge of stakeholder motivations to facilitate effective cross‐sector collaboration.ConclusionsWe identified several factors that motivated collaboration across diverse sectors with health care systems to promote health in a high‐poverty, urban setting. Understanding these motivations will be foundational to optimizing meaningful cross‐sector collaboration and improving diabetes outcomes in the nation's most vulnerable communities.
Physician Market Structure, Patient Outcomes, and Spending: An Examination of Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Koch Thomas , Wendling Brett , Wilson Nathan E. 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveTo understand the impact of changes in physician market structure on clinical outcomes and health care utilization.Data Sources2005–2012 Medicare fee‐for‐service claims and enrollment data.Study DesignWe consider the effect of cardiology market structure on utilization and health outcomes for four patient populations. We estimate the risk‐adjusted impact of competition using multivariate regression models.Principal FindingsThe study finds that an increase in consolidation leads to statistically and economically significant increases in negative health outcomes. For example, we find that moving from a zip code at the 25th percentile of cardiology market concentration to one at the 75th percentile would be associated with 5 to 7 percent increases in risk‐adjusted mortality for three of the sample populations. We also found higher expenditures in more concentrated markets. For example, moving from a zip code at the 25th percentile of cardiology market concentration to one at the 75th would be associated with 7 to 11 percent increases in expenditures, depending on sample population.ConclusionsOur estimates indicate that increases in cardiology market concentration are associated with worse health outcomes and higher health care expenditures. Some effects may be attributed to vertical as well as horizontal changes.
Investor Behavior and the Benefits of Direct Stock Ownership
Authors: BERNARD DARREN , CADE NICOLE L. , HODGE FRANK 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTUsing an experiment to rule out reverse causality, we examine whether a small investment in a company's stock leads investors to purchase more of the company's products and adopt other views and preferences that benefit the company. We preregister our research methods, hypotheses, and supplemental analyses via the Journal of Accounting Research’s registration‐based editorial process. We find little evidence consistent with these hypotheses for the average investor in our sample using our planned univariate hypothesis tests, and planned Bayesian parameter estimation shows substantial downward belief revision for more optimistic ex ante expectations of the treatment effects. In planned supplemental analyses, however, we do find that the effects of ownership on product purchase behavior and on regulatory preferences are intuitively stronger for certain subgroups of investors—namely, for investors who are most likely to purchase the types of products offered by the company and for investors who are most likely to vote on political matters. The results contribute to our understanding of the benefits of direct stock ownership and are informative to public company managers and directors.
A multilocus association analysis method integrating phenotype and expression data reveals multiple novel associations to flowering time variation in wild‐collected Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Zan Yanjun , Carlborg Örjan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe adaptation to a new habitat often results in a confounding between genomewide genotype and beneficial alleles. When the confounding is strong, or the allelic effects is weak, it is a major statistical challenge to detect the adaptive polymorphisms. We describe a novel approach to dissect polygenic traits in natural populations. First, candidate adaptive loci are identified by screening for loci directly associated with the adaptive trait or the expression of genes known to affect it. Then, a multilocus genetic architecture is inferred using a backward elimination association analysis across all candidate loci with an adaptive false discovery rate‐based threshold. Effects of population stratification are controlled by accounting for genomic kinship in both steps of the analysis and also by simultaneously testing all candidate loci in the multilocus model. We illustrate the method by exploring the polygenic basis of an important adaptive trait, flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana, using public data from the 1,001 genomes project. We revealed associations between 33 (29) loci and flowering time at 10 (16)°C in this collection of natural accessions, where standard genomewide association analysis methods detected five (3) loci. The 33 (29) loci explained approximately 55.1 (48.7)% of the total phenotypic variance of the respective traits. Our work illustrates how the genetic basis of highly polygenic adaptive traits in natural populations can be explored in much greater detail using new multilocus mapping approaches taking advantage of prior biological information, genome and transcriptome data.
trackdem: Automated particle tracking to obtain population counts and size distributions from videos in r
Authors: Bruijning Marjolein , Visser Marco D. , Hallmann Caspar A. , Jongejans Eelke 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

The possibilities for image analysis in scientific research are substantial: the costs of digital cameras and data storage are sharply decreasing, and automated image analyses greatly increase the scale, reproducibility and robustness of biological studies. However, automated image analysis in ecological and evolutionary studies is still in its infancy. There is a clear need for easy to use and accessible tools.

Here, we provide a general purpose method to obtain estimates of population densities, individual body sizes and behavioural metrics from video material of moving organisms. The methods are supplied as a new r‐package trackdem, which provides a flexible, easy to install and use, generally applicable and accurate way to analyse ecological video data. The package can detect and track moving particles, count individuals and estimate individual sizes using background detection, particle identification and particle tracking algorithms. Machine learning is implemented to reduce the influence of noise in lower quality videos or to distinguish a single species in multi‐species systems.

We show that trackdem provides accurate population counts and body size distributions. Using a series of simulations, we show that our estimates are robust against high levels of noise in videos. When applied to live populations of Daphnia magna, our methods obtained accurate and unbiased estimates of population counts, individual sizes and size distributions, as verified by manual counting and measuring. The package trackdem is also directly usable for movement analysis, for instance in behavioural ecology, as illustrated by the tracking of insects, fish, cars and humans.

Within 24 hr, we obtained 192 accurate population counts and body sizes of 22,154 individuals. Such results underscore that automated analysis can improve robustness and reproducibility, and greatly increase the scope of studies in ecology and evolution.
Incorporating measurement error in testing for changes in biodiversity
Authors: Mason Norman W. H. , Holdaway Robert J. , Richardson Sarah J. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

The effect of measurement error on biodiversity metrics is problematic for conservation planning and testing ecological theories, but there are few methods for including it in statistical analyses. We present a framework for incorporating measurement error in testing for significant change in almost any type of biodiversity metric.

We used repeat measurements of 20 × 20 m2 forest plots to quantify measurement error for species composition and mean stem diameter. With these data we illustrate generalizable methods for incorporating measurement error in testing for change in three types of metric—(1) species composition, (2) mean stem diameter, and (3) proportional richness of ungulate palatability groups—between surveys conducted 7 years apart on a national plot monitoring network.

Turnover in species composition (Jaccard dissimilarity) from measurement error was considerable, with a mean of 36% (ranging from 23% to 52%), but observed turnover between surveys was significantly greater (for Jaccard and both its richness dependent and independent components) than expected from measurement error alone. Measurement error increased the standard deviation for diameter change by an average of 10%, and increased sample size needed to detect a pre‐defined change by an average of 21%, although in both cases variation across species was considerable (0%–50%, and −1%–110% respectively). The effects of measurement error on uncertainty for palatability groups were even more variable, ranging from 13% to 100% for standard deviation and from 26% to 299% for required sample size. Importantly, four of the eight species that yielded significant changes in mean diameter with observed data showed no significant shift in diameter when measurement error was included in paired t tests. Exclusion of measurement error can therefore alter conclusions drawn from monitoring networks, risking spurious claims of change.

Our study demonstrates that measurement error can be incorporated in testing change for three numerically different (continuous, proportional and multivariate) classes of biodiversity metric at both the species and community level. This shows that it is possible to incorporate measurement error in assessing change for almost all biodiversity metrics.