bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Institutional Investments and Their Influence on Stock Returns – An Empirical Study
Authors: Venkataraman R. , V.R Srinidhi , Chandramouli A.S. 
Published: March 2017

<div><p><em>Mutual dependency of market variables is crucial for development of any economy. It is equally important to study the stock market for what parameter influences over the others and for what length of time, thus giving direction to investors. Further, Sensex being an important barometer of India’s economic measurement, it would be interesting to know the revelation of its stability while institutional investors influence it in multiple ways over considerable longer period of economy. This study investigates the influence of FII and MF on Sensex over 11 year period between 2004-2015. The objectives were to find out the dependency among the three to conclude about which out theses influences market the most. On applying Unit–root test, Correlation and VAR, the study revealed that there was a regime change for BSE-Sensex returns due to the global recession. The noticeable fact is that change in regime affected the purchase of Mutual Fund which led to increasing in FII investment. The variation in the investment patterns by institutions brought in heavy market movement. Indian stock market during the selected period was driven by a greater amount of Foreign Investors compared to the domestic investors, the Mutual Fund taken up for this study.</em></p></div>
Utilization of Produced Gas for Improved Oil Recovery and Reduced Emissions from the Bakken Formation
Authors: Jin Lu , Hawthorne Steve , Sorensen James , Pekot Lawrence , Bosshart Nicholas , Gorecki Charles , Steadman Edward , Harju John 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Oil production grew significantly from 0.2 million barrels per day (bpd) to 1.1 million bpd in the Bakken petroleum system from 2009 to 2014. A large volume of associated gas (1.6 billion cubic feet per day) has also been produced with the oil. A substantial part (&gt;10%) of this produced gas is flared off because of the low natural gas price and limited infrastructure for gathering and transporting the gas from the well sites. Such a large scale of gas flaring not only wastes energy but also emits contaminants such as SOx, NOx, and CO2 to the atmosphere. Reduction of flaring and utilization of produced gas are important steps toward sustained development of the Bakken.
The potential for recycled gas enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is being investigated as a method of reducing flaring through utilization. However, large-scale gas flooding might be difficult for the Bakken because of the difference between the low-permeability matrix and the highly conductive hydraulic and natural fracture networks, which may lead to low sweep efficiency. Instead, this research by the Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) has aimed to investigate, through a series of laboratory experiments and numerical simulation activities, the potential to extract oil from the tight rocks by taking advantage of diffusion-based processes. Oil and gas produced from Bakken wells were characterized, and the reservoir formation properties were analyzed based upon core samples. A series of oil extraction experiments with varying gas (solvent) compositions were conducted. The minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) of various produced gas components and oil was measured to determine the pressure required for effective extraction. Based on the experimental results, a well-scale model was developed to simulate the performance of recycled gas EOR.
Results showed CO2 and produced Bakken gas to be miscible with the oil in reservoir conditions (&gt;5000 psi, 230°F). The measured MMPs for pure CO2 and ethane with typical Bakken oil samples were 2528 and 1344 psi, respectively. The presence of methane in the gas increased MMP, but miscibility was still achievable under reservoir conditions. CO2 and ethane enabled extraction of most oil components from the rocks during a 24-hour experimental period, but methane exhibited strong molecular selectivity for light-end components. Simulation results showed that a single-well CO2 and methane/ethane huff ‘n’ puff operation could increase cumulative oil production as much as 50% for the multistage fractured wells in the Bakken.
The results of this study clearly showed that produced Bakken gas could be effectively used for recycled gas EOR. Implementation of EOR may have potential to compensate for the production decline of Bakken wells while reducing the quantity of flared gas.
Water Use in the Oil and Gas Industries: An Evaluation of Best Practices for Communicating with Scientists, Policymakers, and the Public
Authors: Cook Margaret , Grubert Emily 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Onshore unconventional oil and gas production has prompted concerns about water use and related potential negative outcomes. For industry, receiving and maintaining social license to operate depends on good communication, particularly about controversial issues like water in the oil and natural gas industries. This study presents results from interviews with experts from different backgrounds who communicate about water as it relates to oil and natural gas to investigate: what are best practice strategies to communicate about water in oil and natural gas, and what can industry learn from current practice? Focusing on the United States midcontinent and using snowball sampling, we collected information from people from different backgrounds, career stages, and sectors—including industry, legislators, regulators, academics, and journalists—about their strategies and advice. We then interviewed community members in the Eagle Ford Shale in Texas about their communication strategies and how they perceive communications for which they are the audience, with the goal of determining what strategies are most effective. Results indicate that experts communicate in many ways—meetings, presentations, workshops and town halls, publications, emails, videos, and digital media. While experts prioritize face-to-face transmissive interactions, community members prefer face-to-face exchanges supported by verifiable printed information due to distrust of many expert communicators. Defining successful communication is difficult, though, and communication training is rare. Technical or scripted answers to emotional concerns are not always accepted by audiences, though they might be prioritized by companies interested in consistent messaging. The results of our interviews indicate that industry communicators should use clear definitions, build trusting relationships, approach diverse audiences, and be open to feedback and true exchange. The results of this study should aid industry in communicating with concerned community members, academics, journalists, and policymakers about water use in oil and gas operations. Results might translate to communicating about other controversial environmental topics, as well.
Pressure Transient Analysis for Leaky Well Characterization and Its Identification from Leaky Fault
Authors: Mosaheb Mojtaba , Zeidouni Mehdi 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Deep saline aquifers are considered for underground disposal/storage of fluids. Undesirable leakage of the injected fluids to adjacent layers may adversely affect underground water and/or hydrocarbon resources. Two main potential leakage pathways are identified as leaky wells and leaky faults. In recent studies, pressure transient analysis was used to characterize leakage through such pathways assuming that the pathway feature (well versus fault) is actually known. However, in general one may not know the nature of the leak. It is important to determine whether the leakage pathway is fault (planar leakage pathway) or a well (line-source leakage pathway). The flow regimes corresponding to these different features can be very different causing completely different pressure signals. In this study, we use pressure transient analysis to provide diagnostic plots to distinguish the leakage through a well from that through a fault. Our approach is based on the development of analytical models cast in the form of type curves. We use analytical models to investigate the pressure change in a system of an injection zone and an upper zone separated by a barrier layer. A method is presented based on pressure transient analysis to differentiate between leaky wells and leaky faults and to characterize the leaky well. The nature of leakage is detected using the typical type curves and finally, location and hydraulic characteristics of the leaky well are obtained.
Experimental Evaluation of Wellbore Flow Models Applied to Worst-Case-Discharge Calculations
Authors: Waltrich Paulo J. , Capovilla Matheus S. , Lee Woochan , Zulqarnain Mohammad , Hughes Richard , Tyagi Mayank , Williams Wesley , Kam Seung , Archer Alexander , Singh Jagdeep , Nguyen Hai , Duhon John , Griffith Craig 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
An experimental investigation was carried out to investigate the behavior of gas-liquid flows in a large-diameter pipe with high flow-rates. The objectives are to experimentally evaluate two-phase flows in vertical pipes of large diameter and collect information to verify the accuracy of wellbore flow models applied to Worst-Case Discharge (WCD) calculations.
The flow correlations developed for small diameters, used on Worst-Case-Discharge calculations, show errors of more than 100% compared to the experimental data for large-diameter pipes. However, for low gas-liquid-ratios, the there is a reasonable agreement between experimental data and simulation results for all wellbore flow models tested, with errors lower than 10%. This study uses the experimental data to provide guidance on how to improve these flow correlations and proposes how to use the flow models to obtain improved results on WCD calculations.
Processing and Recycling of Waste Flowback Fracturing Fluids in Tarim Basin, China
Authors: Huifeng Liu , Xiangtong Yang , Hongtao Liu , Kelin Wang , Zebo Yuan , Ronghuai Zhao , Yanzhi Zhang 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing is extensively used in the petroleum industry to enhance well productivity. However, the discharge of flowback fracturing fluids after fracturing brings out significant environmental challenges. Flowback fluids usually contain poisonous additives, which may cause deaths of plants and animals if discharged directly to the ground. This paper introduced an effective processing and recycling system to deal with flowback fracturing fluids in Keshen gas field of Tarim basin, China.
Apparatuses such as AA7020 atomic absorption spectrophotometer, etc. were used to test the properties of the flowback fracturing fluids in Keshen gas reservoir so as to find out which properties are needed to be processed to meet the requirements. Then various technologies of processing harmful substances in the fluids like suspended solids and high-valence metal ions were compared and selected via repeated experiments. The procedures to compound new fracturing fluids using the processed fluids were also optimized and tested. Based on the selections and optimizations, a processing and recycling system to deal with on-site flowback fracturing fluids was founded and put into operation.
The results of laboratory tests of the flowback fluid properties showed that there was more than 60% of weighing additive residual in the flowback fluid, most of which could be recycled. The contents of suspended solids and high-valence metal ions in flowback fluids far exceeded the required water quality standard for discharge, and they had to be processed to re-compound fracturing fluids. For the processing of suspended solids, the effectiveness, costs and efficiency of three methods, Chemical coagulation-sedimentation, membrane filtration and sand filtration were compared and sand filtration method was selected as the best one. For processing of high-valence metal ions, the methods of complexing stabilization, ion exchange and chemical precipitation were compared and the chemical precipitation method was selected as the most cost-effective one. After the quality of processed fluid meet requirements, the procedures of adding the other additives were also optimized to guarantee good properties of the newly-compounded fluid. A recycling system has been founded to process the flowback fracturing fluids on-site, which has a processing capability of 300m3 per day. During on-site trials, 970m3 flowback fracturing fluids have been already processed and recycled successfully, and 560m3 of fluids have been successfully used for fracturing of well KeS2-2-16.
The laboratory experiments and on-site trials have proved the feasibility of the recycling system. It reduces the volume of fluids discharged to the environment by 70% in Keshen gas field, and is expected to reduce more if the processing system is further improved. As a result, it has the potential to be popularized to relieve the environmental stress brought by hydraulic fracturing.
Utilization of Co-Produced Water from Oil Production: Energy Generation Case
Authors: Akhmadullin Ildar 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Co-produced water resources in oil & gas fields raise technological interest under the condition of increased energy demand and carbon dioxide emission reduction. Primarily the development of medium and low-temperature co-produced water resources are discussed in terms of energy production and further utilization in the downstream facilities of petroleum industry. Addition of the Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) as a compact binary power plant to the existing scheme allows harvesting a great portion of energy that is usually lost as waste heat. This additional system does not interrupt the main facility streams and operational parameters. The simple case with R134a refrigerant was numerically explored for the wide range of co-produced water flow rates and temperatures. The results show that with the increase of water production the power generation is increased up to 1 MW at 50,000 BWPD and 275°F water temperature. The economic evaluation shows that the Levelized cost of electricity falls lower than 1.5 cents/kW. With using the proposed scheme on the production facility, the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions can drop up to 500lb. per operational hour comparing with traditional gas turbine station.
The Effects of Oil Market Events on Carbon Emissions: A 2016 Case Study
Authors: Rafieisakhaei Mohammadhussein , Barazandeh Babak 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Combustion of fossil fuels are the main source of man-made Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. Weather it is in power generation or manufacturing industries; weather in ground transportation or aviation, wherever fossil fuels are burnt to produce energy, GHGs (particularly CO2) are emitted to the atmosphere. Petroleum products are one of the main such fuels whose market events can hugely influence the emission control strategies of the industries. In this paper, we provide an extensive model to investigate the effects of oil market variations on the volumes of the carbon emissions.
Based on the system dynamics methodology, we perform a detailed literature survey on the factors involved in carbon emissions. In particular, we find the main variables involved in the decision making process of the power generation, manufacturing, and transportation industries. We build a causal model that describes the relations between these variables and utilize the related historic data, such as for volumes of emissions by sector and resources, emission allowance price (in an Emission Trading System (ETS)), global oil price, demand and supply, and economic growth. The relations between the variables are derived using time-series analysis wherever possible and look-up tables, otherwise. The overall model is reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations that is solved using numerical Euler methods.
Our oil market model is used to simulate several possible events in the oil market that can drastically affect either demand or supply. Moreover, stochastic events are also introduced where the occurrence of changes in the main market variables and the amount of such changes follow a random walk process. Based on our analysis in the carbon emissions, it is noted that the industries can change their short, mid and long term strategies on the portfolio of the natural resources that are utilized. However, the amount of reactions indicate different elasticities based on the type of industries. For instance, power sector as the main source of carbon emissions in the EU can plan for their mid-term portfolio based on the price changes, whereas in the long-term the effect of the EU regulations and goals in terms of the carbon emission (enforced by the ETS) play a more significant role. Our simulation results confirm these findings. Moreover, a detailed case study of related oil market events in 2016 is provided whose effects are simulated in the model to show the carbon emissions changes.
A system dynamics model that combines the oil market and carbon emission model is provided and the effect of stochastic events in the oil market (that result in the oil price changes) are investigated. A case study of 2016 events are provided and possible future events are simulated to investigate the changes in volumes of carbon emissions.
Developing a Safety Culture for Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems Operations: To Boldly Go Where No Drone Has Gone Before
Authors: Lamb Tracy 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Star Trek movie fans no longer have to reach for the DVD player to have their Sci-Fi fix.
If you want to see the future, for better or for worse, look no further than the local news channel to see our ‘new world technology' interacting with our daily life. Drones, or Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS), are developing faster in their performance and capabilities than even the professional RPAS operators can keep up with.
The decision to ‘send in the drone', can provide safer and more efficient solutions compared to that of traditional labor intensive inspection, detection, survey and data collection methods. Across a wide range of industries, organisations are recognising significant financial and safety benefits of using RPAS, especially those companies who engage in High Risk Operations (HROs).
Humans play a vital and centric role in RPAS operations; research has indicated that this role is more complex than conventional aviation and safety critical activities such as commercial infrastructure inspections, testing and data collection. As this industry explodes like a supernova and RPAS operators become more prevalent in the commercial aerospace, we have to ask a deeper question, who is operating the system at the front line ?
The success of the emerging RPAS industry will be determined by the willingness and ability of RPAS crew and the end users to employ aviation safety philosophies, disciplines and the proven aviation safety culture model. The RPAS industry needs more than a compliance philosophy to harness success; the key to this is a positive commitment to develop an RPAS Safety Culture.
Fortunately, lessons learned from 110 years of aviation have been recognised as crucial to operational success by other safety critical industries, such as the medical, industrial, nuclear power, utilities and other industry sectors. It is now time for the application of this type of safety culture to progress into the commercial RPAS world, a new generation of Airmanship, for a new generation of aviation.
An Integrated Approach to Operational Risk Management – The Role of Process Safety Management
Authors: Neill Mike 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Objectives/Scope
Operators need to manage a complex environment of operating activities, plant conditions, and working practices. All interact with each other as well as with process safety barriers, deliberately and inadvertently changing the potential for a major hazard event. With this complex range of interactions in mind, every operational decision has an element of risk. By taking a step back to look at how these interactions and process safety are managed across the planning-to-execution business processes, there is big opportunity to not only reduce risk but improve the productivity of operations.
Ultimately, Operators need to make risk mitigation arising from Process Safety Management (PSM) systems an integral part of efficient and effective daily operations.

Methods, Procedures, Process
Process safety deviations and non-conformances are often assessed and managed in different ways, by different functions. Furthermore, operational risk data is often stored and managed in multiple places. As a result, many key decisions can be made unaware of the major accident hazards arising from deviations as well as the interaction between deviations and daily operations. The absence of a consistent way to understand and mitigate the combined impact of risks to frontline operations adversely affects operational performance as well the overall risk profile. Operators need to employ a common means of balancing risk against productivity, so everyone across the business can make better operating decisions.
Arguably, Process Safety Management (PSM) has the greatest potential to affect major accident risk. As such, it is essential to capture the residual risk arising from each deviation in a transparent and common to understand the overall cumulative risk arising from deviations.
By placing PSM risk in the context of daily operations, PSM can become a powerful driver of operational performance.

Results, Observations, Conclusions
By capturing all activities, performance deviations, and non-conformances in terms of the risk they carry to the business, operators can build a holistic picture of operational risk. This approach makes the impact of PSM deviations on safety and operational performance clear for all to see, and it enables plant operators to improve their planning, maintenance, and work execution.
Rather than implement a new process safety model or an additional safety model, organizations are enabling a common language of risk to ensure that operational risk mitigation becomes an integral way of achieving efficient and effective operations. Through this, organizations are able to understand their levels of major accident hazard risk in a dynamic real-time view. This new approach allows organizations to better understand the cumulative risk they are carrying at any given time which can be used to improve long-term operational decision making, and achieving overall operational excellence.

Novel/Additive Information
N/A