bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-communist Transition as a Path Break: Comparing Legal Institutional Effects on Economic Growth between Path-breaking and Path-drifting Institutional Reforms
Authors: Tamilina Larysa , Tamilina Natalya 
Published: August 2017

This article explains the peculiarities of institutional effects on growth rates in postcommunist countries. By proposing a certain dependence of the institution–growth nexus on the mode of institutional grafting, the distinction between drift-phase and path-breaking institutional change is introduced. Theoretical juxtapositions show that transition countries’ institutions built through path-breaking institutional reforms differ from those that emerge evolutionarily in the drift phase in a twofold manner in their relationship to growth. Growth rates of their economies are less likely to depend on the quality of legal institutions and are more likely to be a function of the maturity of political institutions. In addition, legal institutional change in the post-communist world is a product of the quality of the political environment to a greater extent than their drift-phase alternatives. These propositions are tested empirically based on a sample of 87 countries derived from the POLITY IV Project’s website. JEL Classification: O17, O43, O57, P26, P37
A new technique of arthroscopic subscapularis repair with 2-year clinical outcomes in an Asian population
Authors: Goh Keng Meng Jeremy , Chen Jerry Yong Qiang , Lie Denny Tjiauw Tjoen 
Published: August 2017

Background: Tears of the subscapularis are not as common as the other rotator cuff muscles and hence not as many arthroscopic repair techniques have been previously described in the literature. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical outcomes in patients undergoing arthroscopic subscapularis repairs (with and without repairs of the other cuff muscles) using a technique devised by the senior author of this study. Methods: A retrospective study of 40 consecutive patients who underwent arthroscopic subscapularis repair at a single centre, by a single surgeon from 2009 to 2014. All patients were assessed preoperatively and post-operatively at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Constant–Murley Shoulder Score (CMSS), University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Shoulder Score and Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS) were recorded and used. Results: At 24 months follow-up, the VAS for pain improved from 6 (±2) points preoperation to 0 (±1) points. The CMSS improved from 41 (±18) points preoperation to 71 (±15). The relative CMSS improved from 55 (±24%) preoperation to 96 (±22%; % of the uninjured side). The ULCA Shoulder Score improved from 15 (±5) points preoperation to 30 (±4). The OSS improved from 28 (±12) points preoperation to 45 (±5). p < 0.001 for all outcomes measured. Conclusion: Overall clinical outcomes are favourable at 2 years post-operatively. The described technique is an effective method for arthroscopic subscapularis repair in the Asian population.
Evolution of gender representation among Canadian OTL-HNS residents: A 27-year analysis
Authors: Chorfi Sarah , Schwartz Joseph S. , Verma Neil , Young Meredith , Joseph Lawrence , Nguyen Lily H. P. 
Published: August 2017

Background The proportion of females enrolling into medical schools has been growing steadily. However, the representation of female residents among individual specialties has shown considerable variation. The purpose of this study was to compare the trends of gender representation in Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery (OTL-HNS) residency programs with other specialty training programs in Canada. In order to contextualize these findings, a second phase of analysis examined the success rate of applicants of different genders to OTL-HNS residency programs. Method Anonymized data were obtained from the Canadian Residency Matching Service (CaRMS) and from the Canadian Post-M.D. Education Registry (CAPER) from 1988 to 2014. The differences in gender growth rates were compared to other subspecialty programs of varying size. Descriptive analysis was used to examine gender representation among OTL-HNS residents across years, and to compare these trends with other specialties. Bayesian hierarchical models were fit to analyze the growth in program rates in OTL-HNS based on gender. Results CaRMS and CAPER data over a 27 year period demonstrated that OTL-HNS has doubled its female representation from 20% to 40% between 1990 and 1994 and 2010-2014. The difference in annual growth rate of female representation versus male representation in OTL-HNS over this time period was 2.7%, which was similar to other large specialty programs and surgical subspecialties. There was parity in success rates of female and male candidates ranking OTL-HNS as their first choice specialty for most years. Conclusions Female representation in Canadian OTL-HNS residency programs is steadily increasing over the last 27 years. Large variation in female applicant acceptance rates was observed across Canadian universities, possibly attributable to differences in student body or applicant demographics. Factors influencing female medical student career selection to OTL-HNS require further study to mitigate disparities in gender representation and identify barriers to prospective female OTL-HNS applicants.
Fatty acid synthase regulates the pathogenicity of Th17 cells
Authors: Young Kathryne E , Flaherty Stephanie , Woodman Kaitlyn M , Sharma-Walia Neelam , Reynolds Joseph M 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
T cell activation and effector function is characterized by changes in metabolism. Altered metabolism is common to almost all types of activated T cells, but fatty acid synthesis seems to especially drive the formation of Th17 cells. Indeed, research has demonstrated that inhibition of early fatty acid synthesis through targeting of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC1) can inhibit Th17 cell formation and instead promote the generation of regulatory T cells. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is downstream of ACC, and previous studies have shown that FASN activity influences both cancer and inflammation. However, it remains to be determined whether FASN is a viable target for inhibiting Th17 cell function. Here, we demonstrate that FASN is a critical metabolic control for the generation of inflammatory subsets of Th17 cells. Conversely, inhibiting FASN function promotes IFN-γ production by Th1 and Th1-like Th17 cells. In vivo, inhibition of FASN, specifically in Th17 cells, leads to reduction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis disease. These studies demonstrate the necessity of FASN in the autoimmune inflammatory function of Th17 cells.
Metastatic Lymph Node Burden and Survival in Oral Cavity Cancer
Authors: Ho Allen S. , Kim Sungjin , Tighiouart Mourad , Gudino Cynthia , Mita Alain , Scher Kevin S. , Laury Anna , Prasad Ravi , Shiao Stephen L. , Van Eyk Jennifer E. , Zumsteg Zachary S. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeCurrent staging systems for oral cavity cancers incorporate lymph node (LN) size and laterality, but place less weight on the total number of positive metastatic nodes. We investigated the independent impact of numerical metastatic LN burden on survival.MethodsAdult patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma undergoing upfront surgical resection for curative intent were identified in the National Cancer Data Base between 2004 and 2013. A neck dissection of a minimum of 10 LNs was required. Multivariable models were constructed to assess the association between the number of metastatic LNs and survival, adjusting for factors such as nodal size, laterality, extranodal extension, margin status, and adjuvant treatment.ResultsOverall, 14,554 patients met inclusion criteria (7,906 N0 patients; 6,648 node-positive patients). Mortality risk escalated continuously with increasing number of metastatic nodes without plateau, with the effect most pronounced with up to four LNs (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.29 to 1.39; P < .001). Extranodal extension (HR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.20 to 1.65; P < .001) and lower neck involvement (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.27; P < .001) also predicted increased mortality. Increasing number of nodes examined was associated with improved survival, plateauing at 35 LNs (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.98 to 0.99; P < .001). In multivariable models accounting for the number of metastatic nodes, contralateral LN involvement (N2c status) and LN size were not associated with mortality. A novel nodal staging system derived by recursive partitioning analysis exhibited greater concordance than the American Joint Committee on Cancer (8th edition) system.ConclusionThe number of metastatic nodes is a critical predictor of oral cavity cancer mortality, eclipsing other features such as LN size and contralaterality in prognostic value. More robust incorporation of numerical metastatic LN burden may augment staging and better inform adjuvant treatment decisions.
Intertraffic of Endothelin 1 and Thrombospondin 1 between lungs and myocard via pulmonary circulation can alter cardiac loads, tissue integrity and atrial blood coagulability
Authors: Kurbel Sven 
Published: August 2017

Similar expression patterns of mRNA profiles for Endothelin 1 (ET-1) and Thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) from GeneAtlas U133A, gcrma, suggest that these two mediators are dominantly synthesized in the myocard and lungs. This paper proposes that intertraffic of these two mediators between myocard and lungs via pulmonary and coronary vessels optimizes cardiopulmonary functions and maintains their tissue integrity. A controlled delivery of endocrine mediators to the left and to the right heart is done by the coronary sinus (CS) that drains venous blood to the right atrium, and Thebesian veins (TVs) that open in all four heart cavities. Myocard and pulmonary capillaries are connected as a bidirectional portal system. Mediators from lungs can directly influence myocardial cells after entering the coronary circulation, while mediators in the myocardial venous blood that drain into the right heart will initially affect lungs. Strain induced myocardial ET-1 secretion into the right heart and pulmonary circulation increases the right heart afterload by constricting pulmonary vasculature. The same action reduces the left heart preload. Pulmonary ET-1 secretion can protect lungs from overperfusion by increasing the left heart afterload through constriction of peripheral arterioles. Chronic tissue overexposure to ET-1 leads to pulmonary and myocardial fibrosis. TSP1 availability is important in tissues under mechanical stress, since TSP1 is an adhesive glycoprotein involved in cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions. Pulmonary and myocardial TSP1 secretion that enter the fibrillating left atrium can mimic actions of the platelet-derived TSP1 in promoting the thrombus formation.
Ground Soil Input Characteristics Determining Agricultural Tractor Dynamics
Authors: CUTINI MAURIZIO , DEBOLI ROBERTO , CALVO ANGELA , PRETI CHRISTIAN , BRAMBILLA MASSIMO , BISAGLIA CARLO 
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Whole body vibrations are among the risk factors for professional diseases in agricultural operators: it is therefore fundamental to study vibration source dynamics to improve vehicle comfort and safety. This study analyses the forces acting on the tires of one tractor operated in 29 different settings both on a standard “ISO 5008” test track and three terrain surfaces. For each setting, the accelerations acquired at the tractor hubs were reproduced on a four-poster test bench and the vertical displacement of the actuators reproducing the test track was obtained for each surface. Subsequently, the spectra of the twenty-nine replicated ground inputs were analyzed. All of them showed a similar shape in terms of frequency, pointing out that solicitations originating from different agricultural surfaces belonged to a specific range of frequencies. Because of this, a remarkable simplification and standardization can be introduced in the analysis of tractor dynamics, comfort, and material resistance. Keywords: Four-poster test bench, Operator comfort, Safety, Surface profile, Test track, Vibrations.
Arthur Ferdinand Yencken: A British diplomat in wartime Spain
Authors: Anderson Lara , Yencken David 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
During the Second World War, the maintenance of Spanish neutrality was of great strategic importance to the British Government and its Allies. The British Embassy in Madrid therefore had a role of crucial significance. This article describes the part played by Arthur Yencken, deputy to Ambassador Hoare, who served in Spain from 24 April 1939 until his death on 18 May 1944. In uncovering Yencken’s contributions to the war effort, the article offers an example of the critical part played by diplomacy in achieving British foreign policy objectives. Analysis of unpublished official documents provides fresh perspectives on trade and other negotiations from 1940 to 1944 including those related to wheat, petroleum and wolfram supplies. These documents demonstrate the quality of Yencken’s diplomatic skills during negotiations with Spanish Foreign Minister Jordana when Yencken was Chargé d’Affaires in his Ambassador’s absence. The article also describes the circumstances of his death and the remarkable responses to it.
Runtime optimization of join location in parallel data management systems
Authors: Chandra Bikash , Sudarshan S. 
Published: September 2017

Applications running on parallel systems often need to join a streaming relation or a stored relation with data indexed in a parallel data storage system. Some applications also compute UDFs on the joined tuples. The join can be done at the data storage nodes, corresponding to reduce side joins, or by fetching data from the storage system to compute nodes, corresponding to map side join. Both may be suboptimal: reduce side joins may cause skew, while map side joins may lead to a lot of data being transferred and replicated.
In this paper, we present techniques to make runtime decisions between the two options on a per key basis, in order to improve the throughput of the join, accounting for UDF computation if any. Our techniques are based on an extended ski-rental algorithm and provide worst-case performance guarantees with respect to the optimal point in the space considered by us. Our techniques use load balancing taking into account the CPU, network and I/O costs as well as the load on compute and storage nodes. We have implemented our techniques on Hadoop, Spark and the Muppet stream processing engine. Our experiments show that our optimization techniques provide a significant improvement in throughput over existing techniques.
Processing epistemic modality in a second language: a self-paced reading study
Authors: Mifka-Profozic Nadia 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe current study brings together two novel perspectives: one is concerned with second language acquisition of complex modal semantics by learners of a Slavic (Croatian) language, and the other relates to online processing of modal auxiliary verbs in L2 English. The study sought to examine how English L2 learners process modal verbs
La condition servile en Crète aux époques classique et hellénistique à la lumière de l'apparente absence de châtiments corporels à l'égard des individus de statut non-libre
Authors: Pałuchowski Adam 
Published: September 2017

Résumé:L'enquête se donne pour objectif premier d'examiner en profondeur toutes les sources épigraphiques (principalement certains passages de la Loi de Gortyne) et narratives (en particulier certains passages de la „Politique“ d'Aristote) afin de dresser un état des lieux de la clémence parfaitement exceptionnelle de la législation et la juridiction des cités crétoises à l'égard des individus de statut servile. Dans un deuxième temps, on cherche à apporter des éléments d'explication, en élargissant la base documentaire avec l'appui des sources archéologiques.
Regionalentwicklung in einem postkolonialen Inselstaat im Globalen Süden: eine empirische Analyse der Republik Mauritius mit Zensus- und Surveydaten
Authors: Dirksmeier Peter 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Die im südlichen Indischen Ozean gelegene, postkoloniale Inselrepublik Mauritius ist gegenwärtig Herausforderungen in ihrer Regionalentwicklung ausgesetzt, die in der Transformation der Insel von einer agrikulturellen, zuckerbasierten Gesellschaft hin zu einer diversen Ökonomie begründet sind. Die Verbesserung der Lebensbedingungen in allen Regionen des Inselstaates soll durch einen dreigliedrigen Ansatz der regionalen Entwicklung erreicht werden, der im Wesentlichen aus einer Sonderwirtschaftszone, dem internationalen Tourismus und Investitionen in die Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie besteht. Der Aufsatz analysiert, ob diese Strategien erfolgreich in der Verbesserung der Lebensbedingungen in Mauritius sind. Die Regressionsanalyse verdeutlicht, dass lediglich der Informations- und Kommunikationssektor einen positiven Einfluss auf die Lebensbedingungen zeigt. Er ist allerdings hochgradig sozial selektiv. Dagegen weist der internationale Tourismus einen negativen Einfluss auf die Lebensbedingungen auf, da die parallel auftretende Verknappung von Immobilien zu hohen Wohnkosten in den touristischen Gebieten führt. Die Sonderwirtschaftszone zeigt ebenfalls einen schwachen, negativen Einfluss. Der Aufsatz folgert aus diesen Ergebnissen, dass die existierenden Regionalentwicklungspfade in Mauritius ambivalent sind und vorsichtiger politischer Anpassungen bedürfen, um das übergeordnete Ziel der Verbesserung der Lebensbedingungen auf der Insel zu erreichen.
The Stem Cell Marker Lgr5 Defines a Subset of Postmitotic Neurons in the Olfactory Bulb
Authors: Yu Yiqun , Moberly Andrew H. , Bhattarai Janardhan P. , Duan Chen , Zheng Qian , Li Fangqi , Huang Hugh , Olson William , Luo Wenqin , Wen Tieqiao , Yu Hongmeng , Ma Minghong 
Published: August 2017

Lgr5, leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5, is abona fidebiomarker for stem cells in multiple tissues. Lgr5 is also expressed in the brain, but the identities and properties of these Lgr5+cells are still elusive. Using an Lgr5-EGFP reporter mouse line, we found that, from early development to adulthood, Lgr5 is highly expressed in the olfactory bulb (OB), an area with ongoing neurogenesis. Immunostaining with stem cell, glial, and neuronal markers reveals that Lgr5 does not label stem cells in the OB but instead labels a heterogeneous population of neurons with preference in certain subtypes. Patch-clamp recordings in OB slices reveal that Lgr5-EGFP+cells fire action potentials and display spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic events, indicating that these neurons are integrated into OB circuits. Interestingly, R-spondin 3, a potential ligand of Lgr5, is also expressed in the adult OB. Collectively, our data indicate that Lgr5-expressing cells in the OB are fully differentiated neurons and imply distinct roles of Lgr5 and its ligand in postmitotic cells.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLgr5 (leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5) is abona fidestem cell marker in many body organs. Here we report that Lgr5 is also highly expressed in the olfactory bulb (OB), the first relay station in the brain for processing odor information and one of the few neural structures that undergo continuous neurogenesis. Surprisingly, Lgr5 is not expressed in the OB stem cells, but instead in a few subtypes of terminally differentiated neurons, which are incorporated into the OB circuit. This study reveals that Lgr5+cells in the brain represent a nonstem cell lineage, implying distinct roles of Lgr5 in postmitotic neurons.
MODEL KONSEPTUAL UNTUK PEMECAHAN PERMASALAHAN PADA KEGIATAN PEMANFAATAN IKAN TUNA DI NUSA TENGGARA
Authors: Gigentika Soraya , Nurani Tri Wiji , Wisudo Sugeng Hari , Haluan John 
Published: August 2017

Wilayah perairan sekitar Nusa Tenggara merupakan bagian dari wilayah perairan yang menjadi lokasi ruaya ikan tuna sehingga memberikan peluang terjadinya persaingan dalam pemanfaatan ikan tuna sehingga dalam jangka panjang cenderung menimbulkan permasalahan di kawasan ini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendefinisikan permasalahan pada pemanfaatan sumberdaya ikan tuna di Nusa Tenggara dan membuat model konseptual untuk penyelesaian permasalahan tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa permasalahan pada kegiatan penangkapan ikan tuna di Nusa Tenggara adalah menurunnya produktivitas unit penangkapan ikan tuna dan penangkapan ikan tuna yang belum matang gonad atau masih fase juvenile/yuwana. Permasalahan tersebut dapat diselesaikan dengan menggunakan model konseptual untuk menjamin keberlanjutan sumberdaya ikan tuna dan model konseptual untuk pembatasan penangkapan yuwana ikan tuna. Nusa Tenggara waters and its adjacent known as tuna’s migration area. That condition caused the high competition of tuna utilization in Nusa Tenggara waters.The research to define the issues of tuna utilization activities and to formulate the conceptual models to solve the problems. The results showed that the decreasing productivity of tuna fishing unit and undersized catch of tuna (juvenile) are the major concern that should be considered on arranging the management measures. Those problems could be solved by considering the conceptual model on the optimizing of productivity and limiting the catch of juvenile tuna.
A Randomised controlled equivalency trial on wiping with a cloth (no suction) versus routine suctioning of oronasopharynx at birth, in term neonates born elective Lscs with clear liquor
Authors: J. AshokRaja , S. Balasankar , K. Mathiarasan 
Published: August 2017

Background: Efficacy of wiping with a cloth compared to suction in routine care is not known. In term elective Lscs with clear liquor, we hypothesise that it has equivalent efficacy with suction.Methods: Randomized controlled equivalency trial with parallel group design. Inclusion criteria was term neonates born elective Lscs, with clear liquor and cried at birth at Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai. Major congenital anomalies, Depressed or asphyxiated at birth, Meconium staining, Preterm were excluded. The Primary outcome is the time to reach a saturation of 92%. After randomisation, one group received gentle electrical suction and the other wiping of face, mouth and nose using a sterile cloth. The Pulseoximeter readings in the first fifteen minutes of life were transferred to a computer. Other clinical data collected using a Proforma.Results: Among 270 elective Lscs babies, 112 randomized, 58 received suction and 54 wiping. Excluding four babies, 56 Neonates in the suction group and 52 in the no suction group were analysed. The baseline data was similar except for maternal age. The primary outcome, median time to reach 92% saturation is significantly lesser (7 minutes (m)& 6 seconds(s)), [IQR 4m41s, 9m17s] in the no suction group, than the suction group (8 m18 s) [IQR 6m44s, 10m1s] (P value 0.009 ).Conclusions: In term elective LSCS babies with clear liquor and cried at birth, wiping with a sterile cloth has equivalent efficacy compared to suction for routine care.