bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interpretation of the Constitutional provisions relating to international law
Authors: Olivier Michele 
Published: July 2017

The 1993 Constitution,1 for the first time in South African history accorded constitutional recognition to international law, thereby bringing an end to the debate on the status of international law in South African domestic law. This step was a symbolic break from the apartheid legal system, which was closely associated with the violation of international law and indicated to the international community that South Africa was willing to abide by internationally accepted rules. More important, however, for South African lawyers are the fundamental changes the constitutional regulation of international law introduced into South African law.

The 1993 Constitution dealt with the conclusion of international agreements (sections 82(1)(i) and 231(2)), the status of international law in South African law (section 231(3) and (4)) and the role of international law in interpreting the chapter on fundamental rights (section 35(1)). These provisions were substantially taken over by the 1996 Constitution. The provisions relating to the entry into international agreements and the status thereof in terms of South African law are once again dealt with under section 231. The provisions on customary international law are dealt with separately under section 232. Section 233 deals with the role of international law in the interpretation of legislation, whilst section 39, the equivalent of section 35 of the 1993 Constitution, provides for international law in interpreting the Bill of Rights.
Some thoughts on socio-economic rights
Authors: Devenish GE 
Published: July 2017

One of the manifest differences between the Bill of Rights in the interim and the 1996 Constitutions is the more comprehensive treatment of social and economic rights in the latter.1 In addition to the social and economic rights of children contained in section 28(1)(c), education in section 29 and detained persons' rights in section 35(2)(e), Chapter 2 of the 1996 Constitution encapsulates "an entirely new set of rights not foreshadowed in the interim Constitution".2 These relate essentially to housing rights, set out in section 26, and rights protecting health care services, food, water and social security contained in section 27. Certain other provisions also contain socio-economic rights. So, for example, section 25(5) redistribution of land, section 28, children's rights, section 29, education, section 35(2)(c), the right to a legal practitioner, section 35(2)(e), detainees rights to adequate accommodation, nutrition, reading material and medical treatment.
Minimally Invasive Treatment of Mandibular Anterior Lingual Defects by Vestibular Incision Subperiosteal Tunnel Access Technique and Connective Tissue Graft: A Case Report
Authors: Mehrotra Vijay Kriti , Triveni M. Gowda , Tarun Kumar A.B. , Mehta Dhoom Singh 
Published: July 2017

Introduction: Treatment of recession defects on the lingual surface of mandibular anterior teeth is challenging owing to site‐specific anatomic features of this region. Surgical approaches based on use of subepithelial connective tissue grafts (SCTGs) are considered the “gold standard” for treatment of multiple recession defects. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is believed to be the first case report of an attempt to correct lingual recession by SCTG with the minimally invasive vestibular incision subperiosteal tunnel access technique.Case Presentation: A non‐smoking 55‐year‐old male patient presented with hypersensitivity in his mandibular anterior teeth in August 2016. Multiple lingual recession defects were treated by placing a SCTG harvested from the palate underneath the subperiosteal tunnel using a midline access incision. Six months after treatment, a significant increase of root coverage (88.17%), gain in gingival thickness (1.29 mm), and width of keratinized gingiva (1.41 mm) led to a promising outcome and high patient satisfaction.Conclusion: A minimally invasive surgical technique has been presented that can restore the functional properties of lingual gingiva of the mandibular anterior teeth by repairing gingival defects and reestablishing integrity of the zone of keratinized gingiva.
Kesesuaian Fungsi Taman Kota dalam Mendukung Konsep Kota Layak Huni di Surakarta
Authors: Iswara Resi , Astuti Winny , Putri Rufia Andisetyana 
Published: July 2017

<p><em>Livable city is a city where people can have a healthy life and have the ease of movement.. Surakarta is one of the top ten livable cities in Indonesia in 2014. Surakarta became candidate of the most comfortable and livable city in Indonesia because it shows progress in terms of infrastructure improvements, utilities, public space, accessibility, transportation, and other criteria. One of the public spaces in Surakarta which is rapidly developed is the city parks. The number of city parks in Surakarta is multiplied in the last 10 years. But many parks are eventually abandoned and not maintained, misused and damaged. This research question is how the conformity functions of city parks in Surakarta in supporting the concept of a livable city? Is the city park suitable for the concept of livable cities in Surakarta? The aim of this study is to determine the conformity of the function of a city park in Surakarta in supporting the concept of a livable city. The research is a quantitative using scoring analysis and descriptive analysis. Scoring analysis is used to find the conformity function of city parks in Surakarta. Then the research finding is described by using the descriptive analysis. The variable of this research consists of the social activity functions, educational functions and economic functions. Based on the analysis performed, the result of this study shows only one garden is conform in supporting the concept of a livable city, while others only quite suitable in supporting the concept of a livable city.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: livable city, city parks, conformity, compliance function of city parks.</em></p>
PENGARUH HYPNOBIRTHING TERHADAP KALA I PADA IBU BERSALIN DI KLINIK PRATAMA MULIA MEDICA DESA SUNGAI BULUH KECAMATAN SINGINGI HILIR KABUPATEN KUANTAN SINGINGI TAHUN 2015
Authors: Syahda Syukrianti , Ramaida Ramaida 
Published: July 2017

<div class="WordSection1"><p>Rasa takut terhadap proses persalian memberikan akibat tidak baik yang akan berujung pada stres. Tubuh secara otomatis mengeluarkan hormon stress yaitu Katekolamin dan Adrenali, sehingga menghambat pengeluaran hormon oksitosin yang menyebabkan kontraksi rahim berkurang, hal ini akan mempersulit proses persalinan. Alternative alami yang bisa dilakukan ibu hamil untuk membuat jiwa menjadi lebih tenang dan membantu meringankan rasa sakit dan cemas saat kontraksi serta mempercepat proses persalinan adalah dengan teknik <em>hypnobirthing</em>. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisa pengaruh hypnobirthing terhadap kala I ibu bersalin di klinik Pratama Mulia Medica desa Sungai Buluh Kecamatan Singingi Hilir Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi. Jenis penelitian <em>analitik</em> dengan rancangan penelitian <em>case control.</em> Populasi dalam penelitian seluruh ibu bersalin di Klinik Pratama Mulia Medica berjumlah 208 ibu, dengan sampel sebanyak 154 ibu bersalin, yaitu 77 sampel kasus kala I memanjang dan 77 sampel control kala I tidak memanjang. Uji statistik penelitian ini menggunakan <em>chi- square. </em>Terdapat pengaruh kuat <em>hypnobirthing</em> terhadap kala I pada ibu bersalin di Klinik Pratama Mulia Medica, hal ini dibuktikan dengan P <em>value</em> = 0,000 (‹0,05 ) r = 0,716. Menurut perhitungan OR = 38,812, ibu yang mengikuti kelas ibu hamil <em>hypnobirthing</em> secara maksimal berpeluang 38,812 kali tidak mengalami kala I memanjang. Bagi ibu hamil agar dapat maksimal mengikuti kelas ibu hamil <em>hypnobirthing </em>sehingga tenang dan nyaman menjalankan masa kehamilan dan menghadapi saat bersalin.</p></div>
Suplementación con plasma seminal y relación de sus componentes con la calidad de semen congelado-descongelado de asnos (Equus asinus)
Authors: Montoya Páez Juan David , Rojano Benjamín Alberto , Restrepo Betancur Giovanni 
Published: July 2017

El objetivo fue evaluar la suplementación con plasma seminal y la relación existente entre algunos de sus componentes, con la calidad del semen congelado-descongelado de asnos (Equus asinus). El semen de cinco asnos criollos colombianos se colectó por el método de la vagina artificial. A partir de una fracción de cada eyaculado se separó el plasma seminal por centrifugación y se evaluó su contenido de vitamina C (VC), vitamina E (VE), proteínas totales (PT) y perfil lipídico (PL). La criopreservación del semen se realizó por congelación convencional en un diluyente suplementado con 20 % de plasma seminal. Se evaluó la movilidad, la integridad estructural de membrana (IEM), la morfología anormal (MA) y la integridad funcional de membrana (HOS) de los espermatozoides, mediante el sistema computarizado SCA®, el ensayo fluorescente SYBR14/IP, la tinción con eosina-nigrosina y la prueba hipoosmótica, respectivamente. Se ajustaron modelos mixtos y se realizó un análisis de correlación de Pearson entre los componentes del plasma seminal y la calidad espermática. Se encontró que un nivel alto de VC, VE, PT y ácido esteárico (C18:0) tuvo un efecto deletéreo sobre la calidad del semen criopreservado (P≤0.05). Mientras que un nivel bajo de PT y C18:0, y un nivel medio de VE y VC presentaron resultados post-descongelación superiores para la movilidad y la integridad de membrana (P≤0.05). Se hallaron coeficientes de correlación negativos de VC, VE, PT y C18:0 con diferentes parámetros de calidad seminal post-descongelación. Se concluye que la composición del plasma seminal suplementado para la congelación de semen de asno, influye en la calidad espermática post-descongelación.
Audit Partner Disclosure: An Experimental Exploration of Accounting Information Contagion
Authors: Lambert Tamara A. , Luippold Benjamin L. , Stefaniak Chad M. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
We explore potential effects of a new Public Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) rule that requires disclosure of the external audit partner's identity. By manipulating the presence or absence of audit partner disclosure (APD), we examine how investors might react to APD and the mechanism behind such reaction. We find that prospective investors are less likely to invest in a peer firm linked to a restating firm via APD than when the link is only through an audit firm and industry. This effect is mediated by investors' restatement likelihood assessments. Our study makes several contributions. First, we add empirical evidence to the emerging debate on the impact of APD to U.S. markets. Second, we experimentally demonstrate investor information contagion and provide support for one mechanism (speculated by archival-based literature) through which it works. Finally, we provide evidence that investors attribute more blame to partners for a negative outcome due to APD.
JEL Classifications: M42; M48.
SETTING OF DEVELOPED COUNTRY IN DRAMA SCRIPT “NYAYIAN RIMBAYANA” (A Study of Roland Barthes’ Semiotics with Myth of Liberal Capitalism)
Authors: SETIAWAN NUGRAHA DEDEN NOVAN 
Published: July 2017

The analysis of this research basically concerns issue of setting of developed country which is depicted through the sign systems found in the drama script “Nyayian Rimbayana”. Principally, the research is a descriptive qualitative research with Roland Barthes’s semiotics as the main tool to examine the data. The sign systems detected are interpreted in two orders of significations (language level and myth level). Observed based on the myth of liberal capitalism, the setting of developed country illustrated through the sign systems are specifically in principles of modernity of infrastructure (infrastructure appearance); diversity of social class, capital force (social class); mercantilism, non-intervention of government, policies of encouragement, the disregard of domestic policies, and non-inward-looking development policies (leader role); and market force, free market system, openness of country’s economies, profit motive, private ownership property, and no legal limit on the accumulation of property (industrial prototype).
Key words: Drama, semiotics, developed country, liberal capitalism.
Modalidades de cooperación internacional universitaria en el contexto de la internacionalización de la Educación Superior Argentina
Authors: Michelini Gabriela , Luján Acosta Fernando , Etllin Mónica V. 
Published: July 2017

El presente artículo analiza los aspectos jurídicos – institucionales de la cooperación internacional universitaria con el objetivo de presentar las modalidades que puede asumir en el entorno iberoamericano, desde el análisis del caso argentino. La metodología aplicada fue el análisis sistemático de documentos normativos nacionales y recomendaciones de organismos internacionales. Los resultados principales destacan la centralidad del rol del Estado en la promoción de entornos específicos de cooperación universitaria. Asimismo, se observa que las modalidades de cooperación internacional universitaria se corresponden con las funciones universitarias de docencia, investigación y extensión.
Ultrasonographic and computed tomographic characterization and localization of suspected mechanical gastrointestinal obstruction in dogs
Authors: Winter Matthew D. , Barry Katie S. , Johnson Matthew D. , Berry Clifford R. , Case J. Brad 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the usefulness of noncontrast abdominal CT and abdominal ultrasonography for the detection of mechanical gastrointestinal obstruction in dogs and compare intestinal diameter ratios between dogs with and without obstruction.
DESIGN Controlled trial.
ANIMALS 16 client-owned dogs with physical and radiographic findings consistent with mechanical gastrointestinal obstruction.
PROCEDURES Abdominal ultrasonography and CT were performed for all dogs, followed by laparoscopy and exploratory laparotomy. Time required for image acquisition and presence and location of gastrointestinal obstruction were assessed with both imaging modalities. Findings were compared with those of exploratory surgery. Maximum and minimum intestinal diameters were recorded on CT scans; values were converted to a ratio and compared between dogs with and without obstruction.
RESULTS Results of abdominal CT and exploratory surgery for the diagnosis of mechanical obstruction agreed for all 16 dogs; 10 dogs had complete obstruction, 3 had partial obstruction, and 3 had no obstruction. In 1 dog with functional ileus, abdominal ultrasonography resulted in an incorrect diagnosis of mechanical obstruction. Median (interquartile range) image acquisition time for abdominal CT (2.5 minutes [2.0 to 3.8 minutes]) was markedly and significantly shorter than that for ultrasonography (26.0 minutes [22.0 to 35.8 minutes]). In both dorsal and transverse CT planes, dogs with gastrointestinal obstruction (partial or complete) had significantly larger intestinal diameter ratios than dogs without obstruction.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Abdominal CT was feasible, rapid, and accurate for the diagnosis of mechanical obstruction in dogs with clinical signs and physical examination findings consistent with partial or complete gastrointestinal obstruction.
“Diminishing returns” in the scaling of leaf area vs. dry mass in Wuyi Mountain bamboos, Southeast China
Authors: Sun Jun , Fan Ruirui , Niklas Karl J. , Zhong Quanlin , Yang Fuchun , Li Man , Chen Xiaoping , Sun Mengke , Cheng Dongliang 
Published: July 2017

PREMISE OF STUDY:Leaf area and dry mass are crucial for plant metabolic performance. The “diminishing returns” hypothesis predicts that leaf area will scale less than one with respect to leaf dry mass, indicating that the cost of light interception increases with leaf area. However, it remains unclear whether and how this scaling relationship varies among species growing in different environments.METHODS:More than 2000 measurements from five bamboo species adapted to high and low light and growing at different elevations in Wuyi Mountains, Southeast China, were used to explore how the leaf area vs. dry mass scaling relationship was affected by light and elevation.KEY RESULTS:The data indicate that (1) the normalization constants for leaf area vs. dry mass were positively but not significantly correlated with increasing leaf size and that (2) the scaling exponents remained numerically invariant among all five bamboo species, with a common slope of 0.85. Standardized major axis (SMA) analyses and comparisons of 95% confidence intervals also showed that the numerical values of the scaling exponents did not differ regardless of elevation and were similar between shaded and unshaded adapted species, whereas the numerical values of the normalization constants increased with decreasing light.CONCLUSIONS:The data collected for all five bamboo species are consistent with the “diminishing returns” hypothesis, i.e., the scaling exponents governing the leaf area vs. dry mass scaling relationship are less than one within and across species and are insensitive to light conditions or elevation.
Phase-space Analysis in the Group and Cluster Environment: Time Since Infall and Tidal Mass Loss
Authors: Rhee Jinsu , Smith Rory , Choi Hoseung , Yi Sukyoung K. , Jaffé Yara , Candlish Graeme , Sánchez-Jánssen Ruben 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Using the latest cosmological hydrodynamic N-body simulations of groups and clusters, we study how location in phase-space coordinates at z = 0 can provide information on environmental effects acting in clusters. We confirm the results of previous authors showing that galaxies tend to follow a typical path in phase-space as they settle into the cluster potential. As such, different regions of phase-space can be associated with different times since first infalling into the cluster. However, in addition, we see a clear trend between total mass loss due to cluster tides and time since infall. Thus, we find location in phase-space provides information on both infall time and tidal mass loss. We find the predictive power of phase-space diagrams remains even when projected quantities are used (i.e., line of sight velocities, and projected distances from the cluster). We provide figures that can be directly compared with observed samples of cluster galaxies and we also provide the data used to make them as supplementary data to encourage the use of phase-space diagrams as a tool to understand cluster environmental effects. We find that our results depend very weakly on galaxy mass or host mass, so the predictions in our phase-space diagrams can be applied to groups or clusters alike, or to galaxy populations from dwarfs up to giants.
Scaling Relations of Starburst-driven Galactic Winds
Authors: Tanner Ryan , Cecil Gerald , Heitsch Fabian 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Using synthetic absorption lines generated from 3D hydrodynamical simulations, we explore how the velocity of a starburst-driven galactic wind correlates with the star formation rate (SFR) and SFR density. We find strong correlations for neutral and low ionized gas, but no correlation for highly ionized gas. The correlations for neutral and low ionized gas only hold for SFRs below a critical limit set by the mass loading of the starburst, above which point the scaling relations flatten abruptly. Below this point the scaling relations depend on the temperature regime being probed by the absorption line, not on the mass loading. The exact scaling relation depends on whether the maximum or mean velocity of the absorption line is used. We find that the outflow velocity of neutral gas can be up to five times lower than the average velocity of ionized gas, with the velocity difference increasing for higher ionization states. Furthermore, the velocity difference depends on both the SFR and mass loading of the starburst. Thus, absorption lines of neutral or low ionized gas cannot easily be used as a proxy for the outflow velocity of the hot gas.
Dendritic Cell–Derived IL-32α: A Novel Inhibitory Cytokine of NK Cell Function
Authors: Gorvel Laurent , Korenfeld Daniel , Tung Thomas , Klechevsky Eynav 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Cytokines produced by dendritic cells (DCs) can largely determine the direction of immunity. Transcriptional analysis revealed that besides IL-15, IL-32 was the only other cytokine expressed by human Langerhans cells. IL-32 is a human cytokine that exists in four main isoforms. Currently, little is known about the regulation and function of the various IL-32 isoforms. In this study, we found that IL-15 is a potent inducer of IL-32α in DCs. Because IL-15 promotes NK cell activation, we investigated the interplay between IL-32 and IL-15 and their role in NK cell activity. We show that IL-32α acts on NK cells to inhibit IL-15–mediated STAT5 phosphorylation and to suppress their IL-15–induced effector molecule expression and cytolytic capacity. IL-32α also acted on DCs by downregulating IL-15–induced IL-18 production, an important cytokine in NK cell activity. Blocking IL-32α during DC:NK cell coculture enhanced NK cell effector molecule expression as well as their cytolytic capacity. Taken together, our findings suggest a feedback inhibition of IL-15–mediated NK cell activity by IL-32α.
Satellite retrievals of dust aerosol over the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf (2005–2015)
Authors: Banks Jamie R. , Brindley Helen E. , Stenchikov Georgiy , Schepanski Kerstin 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. The inter-annual variability of the dust aerosol presence over the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf is analysed over the period 2005–2015. Particular attention is paid to the variation in loading across the Red Sea, which has previously been shown to have a strong, seasonally dependent latitudinal gradient. Over the 11 years considered, the July mean 630 nm aerosol optical depth (AOD) derived from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) varies between 0.48 and 1.45 in the southern half of the Red Sea. In the north, the equivalent variation is between 0.22 and 0.66. The temporal and spatial pattern of variability captured by SEVIRI is also seen in AOD retrievals from the MODerate Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), but there is a systematic offset between the two records. Comparisons of both sets of retrievals with ship- and land-based AERONET measurements show a high degree of correlation with biases of  <  0.08. However, these comparisons typically only sample relatively low aerosol loadings. When both records are stratified by AOD retrievals from the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR), opposing behaviour is revealed at high MISR AODs ( >  1), with offsets of +0.19 for MODIS and −0.06 for SEVIRI. Similar behaviour is also seen over the Persian Gulf. Analysis of the scattering angles at which retrievals from the SEVIRI and MODIS measurements are typically performed in these regions suggests that assumptions concerning particle sphericity may be responsible for the differences seen.