bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advance, deglacial and sea‐level chronology for Foxe Peninsula, Baffin Island, Nunavut
Authors: Utting Daniel J. , Gosse John C. , Kelley Samuel E. , Vickers Kayla J. , Ward Brent C. , Trommelen Michelle S. 
Published: February 2016

The impact of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) deglaciation on Northern Hemisphere early Holocene climate can be evaluated only once a detailed chronology of ice history and sea‐level change is established. Foxe Peninsula is ideally situated on the northern boundary of Hudson Strait, and preserves a chronostratigraphy that provides important glaciological insights regarding changes in ice‐sheet position and relative sea level before and after the 8.2 ka cooling event. We utilized a combination of radiocarbon ages, adjusted with a new locally derived ΔR, and terrestrial in‐situ cosmogenic nuclide (TCN) exposure ages to develop a chronology for early‐Holocene events in the northern Hudson Strait. A marine limit at 192 m a.s.l., dated at 8.1–7.9 cal. ka BP, provides the timing of deglaciation following the 8.2 ka event, confirming that ice persisted at least north of Hudson Bay until then. A moraine complex and esker morphosequence, the Foxe Moraine, relates to glaciomarine outwash deltas and beaches at 160 m a.s.l., and is tightly dated at 7.6 cal. ka BP with a combination of shell dates and exposure ages on boulders. The final rapid collapse of Foxe Peninsula ice occurred by 7.1–6.9 cal. ka BP (radiocarbon dates and TCN depth profile age on an outwash delta), which supports the hypothesis that LIS melting contributed to the contemporaneous global sea‐level rise known as the Catastrophic Rise Event 3 (CRE‐3).
Molecular Diagnostics of Gliomas Using Next Generation Sequencing of a Glioma‐Tailored Gene Panel
Authors: Zacher Angela , Kaulich Kerstin , Stepanow Stefanie , Wolter Marietta , Köhrer Karl , Felsberg Jörg , Malzkorn Bastian , Reifenberger Guido 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCurrent classification of gliomas is based on histological criteria according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of the central nervous system. Over the past years, characteristic genetic profiles have been identified in various glioma types. These can refine tumor diagnostics and provide important prognostic and predictive information. We report on the establishment and validation of gene panel next generation sequencing (NGS) for the molecular diagnostics of gliomas. We designed a glioma‐tailored gene panel covering 660 amplicons derived from 20 genes frequently aberrant in different glioma types. Sensitivity and specificity of glioma gene panel NGS for detection of DNA sequence variants and copy number changes were validated by single gene analyses. NGS‐based mutation detection was optimized for application on formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue specimens including small stereotactic biopsy samples. NGS data obtained in a retrospective analysis of 121 gliomas allowed for their molecular classification into distinct biological groups, including (i) isocitrate dehydrogenase gene (IDH) 1 or 2 mutant astrocytic gliomas with frequent α‐thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X‐linked (ATRX) and tumor protein p53 (TP53) gene mutations, (ii) IDH mutant oligodendroglial tumors with 1p/19q codeletion, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutation and frequent Drosophila homolog of capicua (CIC) gene mutation, as well as (iii) IDH wildtype glioblastomas with frequent TERT promoter mutation, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) mutation and/or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification. Oligoastrocytic gliomas were genetically assigned to either of these groups. Our findings implicate gene panel NGS as a promising diagnostic technique that may facilitate integrated histological and molecular glioma classification.
Targeted Antioxidant, Catalase–SKL, Reduces Beta‐Amyloid Toxicity in the Rat Brain
Authors: Nell Hayley J. , Au Jennifer. L. , Giordano Courtney R. , Terlecky Stanley R. , Walton Paul A. , Whitehead Shawn N. , Cechetto David.F. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAccumulation of beta‐amyloid (Aβ) in the brain has been implicated as a major contributor to the cellular pathology and cognitive impairment observed in Alzheimer's disease. Beta‐amyloid may exert its toxic effects by increasing reactive oxygen species and neuroinflammation in the brain. This study set out to investigate whether a genetically engineered derivative of the peroxisomal antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT–SKL), is able to reduce the toxicity induced by intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ25–35 in the mature rat brain. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were used to evaluate neuroinflammation, and neuronal loss. Spatial learning and reference memory was assessed using the Morris water maze. CAT–SKL treatment was able to reduce the pathology induced by Aβ25‐35 toxicity by significantly decreasing microglia activation in the basal forebrain and thalamus, and reducing cholinergic loss in the basal forebrain. Aβ25–35 animals showed deficits in long‐term reference memory in the Morris water maze, while Aβ25–35 animals treated with CAT–SKL did not demonstrate long‐term memory impairments. This preclinical data provides support for the use of CAT–SKL in reducing neuroinflammation and long‐term reference memory deficits induced by Aβ25–35.
FGF‐2 promotes initial osseointegration and enhances stability of implants with low primary stability
Authors: Nagayasu‐Tanaka Toshie , Nozaki Takenori , Miki Koji , Sawada Keigo , Kitamura Masahiro , Murakami Shinya 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF‐2) on osseointegration of dental implants with low primary stability in a beagle dog model.Materials and methodsCustomized titanium implants that were designed to have low contact with the existing bone were installed into the edentulous mandible of beagle dogs. To degrade the primary stability of the implants, the diameters of the bone sockets exceeded the implant diameters. FGF‐2 (0.3%) plus vehicle (hydroxypropyl cellulose) or vehicle alone was topically applied to the sockets in the FGF‐2 and control groups, respectively. In Study 1, the new bone area and length of new bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) were evaluated at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after installation using histomorphometry and scanning electron microscopy. In Study 2, the implant stability quotient (ISQ) values were sequentially measured for 16 weeks using an Osstell system.ResultsThe histomorphometric analysis revealed that the new bone area and length of BIC in the FGF‐2 group were significantly larger than those in the control group at 4 weeks. Electron microscopic observation showed intimate contact between the mature lamellar bone and the implant surfaces, osseointegration, in both groups. The ISQ values in the FGF‐2 group were significantly increased from 6 to 16 weeks compared with those in the control group.ConclusionsTaken together, our study demonstrates that FGF‐2 promoted new bone formation around the dental implants and subsequent osseointegration, resulting in promotion of stability of implants with low primary stability.
Prevalence of peri‐implantitis in patients not participating in well‐designed supportive periodontal treatments: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Rokn Amirreza , Aslroosta Hoori , Akbari Solmaz , Najafi Hossein , Zayeri Farid , Hashemi Kazem 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectivesThis retrospective cross‐sectional study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of biologic complications of implants in patients treated by fixed implant supported prosthesis without regular maintenance program.Materials and methodsOne hundred thirty‐four patients with 478 implants, installed during a 10‐year period (2001–2010), were recruited for clinical and radiographic follow‐up examinations. The periodontal and implant health status were assessed to determine the prevalence of peri‐implant diseases.ResultsThe mean ± SD loading time for implants was 4.43 ± 2.25 years. Fifty‐five percentage of the implants were tissue‐level implants. Peri‐implantitis was diagnosed in 20% of patients and 8.8% of implants. Subject‐based and implant‐based prevalence of mucositis amounted to 48.5% and 40%, respectively. Mean crestal bone loss in tissue‐level and bone‐level implants were 0.28 ± 0.53 mm and 1.37 ± 1.5 mm, respectively. Smoking and lack of keratinized mucosa was associated with peri‐implantitis at an odds ratio of OR = 2.57 and 3.89, respectively.ConclusionsAfter a 5‐year period of loading without any regular maintenance program, one out of five patients would experience peri‐implantitis. Tissue‐level implants had lower values of peri‐implantitis prevalence and crestal bone loss.
Single implants in the aesthetic region preceded by local ridge augmentation; a 10‐year randomized controlled trial
Authors: Meijndert Caroliene M. , Raghoebar Gerry M. , Meijndert Leo , Stellingsma Kees , Vissink Arjan , Meijer Henny J. A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this randomized controlled trial was to assess the 10‐year effects of three different augmentation techniques (augmentation with chin bone, augmentation with chin bone plus a membrane and augmentation with a bone substitute plus a membrane) for implant‐supported restorations in the maxillary aesthetic region regarding clinical and radiographic parameters, and patient‐centred outcomes.Materials and methodsNinety‐three patients requesting single tooth replacement and presenting with a horizontal bone deficiency were included. After augmentation, 93 implants were placed. Clinical variables, standardized radiographs and photographs and patient questionnaires were analysed to assess the impact of the various augmentation techniques 1 month (T1), 12 months (T12) and 120 months (T120) after final crown placement.Results10‐years implant survival was 95.7% and did not differ between the groups neither were significant differences observed in the other treatment outcomes assessed. Peri‐implant bone loss was low, viz. 0.48 ± 1.19 mm (mesial) and 0.30 ± 1.24 mm (distal) at T120. Loss of midbuccal marginal gingival level at T120 was 0.32 ± 0.83 mm. Mean overall satisfaction at T120 was 8.6 with 98.6% of the patients satisfied.ConclusionsClinical, radiographic, aesthetic and patient centred outcomes were very favourable after 10 years and did not differ between the groups with different bone augmentation techniques.
Altered expectations on dental implant therapy; views of patients referred for treatment of peri‐implantitis
Authors: Abrahamsson Kajsa H. , Wennström Jan L. , Berglundh Tord , Abrahamsson Ingemar 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimThe aim was to explore patients' reactions on being diagnosed with peri‐implantitis, their opinions on dental implant therapy and expectations on treatment of the disease.Material and methodsThe study subjects were patients referred to a specialist clinic for treatment of peri‐implantitis. The method of grounded theory was used in collecting and analyzing data. Audiotaped, thematized open‐ended interviews were conducted. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and consecutively analyzed in hierarchical coding processes that continued until saturation was met (n = 15).ResultsIn the analysis, a conceptual model was generated that illuminated a process among patients. From having very high initial expectations on dental implant therapy as a permanent solution of oral/dental problems, patients realized that dental implants, such as teeth, require continuous care and that there is no guarantee for that dental implants provides a treatment alternative free from future problems. The core concept of the model “altered expectations on dental implant therapy” was composed of three main categories: “initial expectations on dental implant therapy and living with dental implants”, “being referred to periodontist and become diagnosed with peri‐implantitis” and “investing again in an expensive therapy with no guarantee for the future”.ConclusionPatients may have unrealistically high expectations on dental implant therapy. The results illuminate the importance of patient‐centered communication in dentistry and that treatment decisions should be based not only on professional expertise but also on expectations, abilities, wishes and life circumstances of the individual patient.
Assessing the extent and nature of wildlife trade on the dark web
Authors: Harrison Joseph R. , Roberts David L. , Hernandez‐Castro Julio 
Published: February 2016

AbstractUse of the internet as a trade platform has resulted in a shift in the illegal wildlife trade. Increased scrutiny of illegal wildlife trade has led to concerns that online trade of wildlife will move onto the dark web. To provide a baseline of illegal wildlife trade on the dark web, we downloaded and archived 9852 items (individual posts) from the dark web, then searched these based on a list of 121 keywords associated with illegal online wildlife trade, including 30 keywords associated with illegally traded elephant ivory on the surface web. Results were compared with items known to be illegally traded on the dark web, specifically cannabis, cocaine, and heroin, to compare the extent of the trade. Of these 121 keywords, 4 resulted in hits, of which only one was potentially linked to illegal wildlife trade. This sole case was the sale and discussion of Echinopsis pachanoi (San Pedro cactus), which has hallucinogenic properties. This negligible level of activity related to the illegal trade of wildlife on the dark web relative to the open and increasing trade on the surface web may indicate a lack of successful enforcement against illegal wildlife trade on the surface web.
Estimating Sonoran pronghorn abundance and survival with fecal DNA and capture–recapture methods
Authors: Woodruff Susannah P. , Lukacs Paul M. , Christianson David , Waits Lisette P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPopulation abundance estimates are important for management but can be challenging to determine in low‐density, wide‐ranging, and endangered species, such as Sonoran pronghorn (Antilocapra americana sonoriensis). The Sonoran pronghorn population has been increasing; however, population estimates are currently derived from a biennial aerial count that does not provide survival or recruitment estimates. We identified individuals through noninvasively collected fecal DNA and used robust‐design capture–recapture to estimate abundance and survival for Sonoran pronghorn in the United States from 2013 to 2014. In 2014 we generated separate population estimates for pronghorn gathered near 13 different artificial water holes and for pronghorn not near water holes. The population using artificial water holes had 116 (95% CI 102–131) and 121 individuals (95% CI 112–132) in 2013 and 2014, respectively. For all locations, we estimated there were 144 individuals (95% CI 132–157). Adults had higher annual survival probabilities (0.83, 95% CI 0.69–0.92) than fawns (0.41, 95% CI 0.21–0.65). Our use of targeted noninvasive genetic sampling and capture–recapture with Sonoran pronghorn fecal DNA was an effective method for monitoring a large proportion of the population. Our results provided the first survival estimates for this population in over 2 decades and precise estimates of the population using artificial water holes. Our method could be used for targeted sampling of broadly distributed species in other systems, such as in African savanna ecosystems, where many species congregate at watering sites.
Missing the Forest for the Trees: Balancing Shale Exploration and Conservation Goals through Policy
Authors: Klaiber Allen H. , Gopalakrishnan Sathya , Hasan Syed 
Published: February 2016

AbstractUnconventional shale gas activity has presented both challenges and opportunities for conservation. The unique nature of horizontal drilling used in shale exploration allows for a reduction in the footprint of shale‐related activity in the landscape. However, existing policies regulating shale activity across the Northeast, particularly in Pennsylvania, largely miss an opportunity to encourage such consolidation, which would result in substantial ecosystem conservation. Using satellite land cover data for the years 2006 and 2011 combined with data on shale drilling activity in Pennsylvania, we show that a consolidation of wells to underutilized well pads would have resulted in a forest conservation gain of over 112,838 acres between 2006 and 2015. While likely an overestimate, this suggests that small changes in policy such as moving toward a quantity‐based market mechanism to regulate the number of well pads would result in substantial conservation gains.
Plants' native distributions do not reflect climatic tolerance
Authors: Bocsi Tierney , Allen Jenica M. , Bellemare Jesse , Kartesz John , Nishino Misako , Bradley Bethany A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimBiogeographers have long known that plant species do not fully encompass their fundamental niche. Nonetheless, in practice, species distribution modelling assumes that plant distributions represent a reasonable approximation of their environmental tolerance. For ecological forecasting, projections of habitat loss due to climate change assume that many species will be unable to tolerate climate conditions outside of those found within their current distributional ranges. We aim to test how well occurrences in the native range approximate the climatic conditions in which plant species can survive.LocationContinental USA.MethodsWe compared the climatic conditions between occurrences in the US native versus US non‐native ranges using 144 non‐invasive plant species. We quantified differences in January minimum temperature, July maximum temperature and annual precipitation as indicators of climatic tolerance. We also compared modelled potential distributions throughout the US based on native and total ranges to test how expanded climatic tolerance translates into predicted geographical range.ResultsMost species (86%) had non‐native occurrences in climates outside those described by their native distributions. For the 80 species with lower minimum temperatures at non‐native occurrences, the median expansion of minimum temperature tolerance was −2.9 °C. Similarly, for the 90 species with lower precipitation at non‐native occurrences, the median expansion of minimum annual precipitation was −23 cm. Broader climatic conditions at non‐native occurrences expanded the modelled potential geographical range by a median of 35%, with smaller range species showing larger expansions of potential geographical range.Main conclusionsOur results show that plants' native ranges strongly underestimate climatic tolerance, leading species distribution models to underpredict potential range. The climatic tolerance of species with narrow native ranges appears most prone to underestimation. These findings suggest that many plants will be able to persist in situ with climate change for far longer than projected by species distribution models.
Responsible Risk Taking: The Neoliberal Biopolitics of People Living with HIV/AIDS in Rwanda
Authors: Knutsson Beniamin 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTWhile access to antiretroviral therapy has improved worldwide, many people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) still suffer from economic hardship. Socio‐economic impact mitigation is therefore becoming an increasingly important component of the global HIV/AIDS response. The content of such strategies, however, is dependent on the political rationalities underpinning them. Drawing on fieldwork in Rwanda, this article explores programmatic efforts by the Rwandan government and its international partners to govern the economic life of PLHIV. These interventions are conceptualized as a form of biopolitics and the article analyses the neoliberal modalities of government through which it operates. At the centre of the strategy is a pretension to transform PLHIV from economically unproductive life, sustained by medical means, into a resilient and enterprising population willing to accept responsibility for their own livelihoods. However, according to the strategy, the only way for PLHIV to lead responsible economic lives is by daring to become entrepreneurial and enrolling in microcredit schemes. Thus the dubious message conveyed is that responsible conduct is tantamount to exposing oneself to risk. The article also discusses the complex coexistence of this neoliberal biopolitics and the Rwandan government's known efforts to exercise sovereign control.
Relations between muscle endurance and subjectively reported fatigue, walking capacity, and participation in mildly affected adolescents with cerebral palsy
Authors: Eken Maaike M , Houdijk Han , Doorenbosch Caroline A M , Kiezebrink Francisca E M , van Bennekom Coen A M , Harlaar Jaap , Dallmeijer Annet J 
Published: February 2016

AimTo investigate the relation between muscle endurance and subjectively reported fatigue, walking capacity, and participation in mildly affected adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) and peers with typical development.MethodIn this case–control study, knee extensor muscle endurance was estimated from individual load–endurance curves as the load corresponding to a 15‐repetition maximum in 17 adolescents with spastic CP (six males, 11 females; age 12–19y) and 18 adolescents with typical development (eight males, 10 females; age 13–19y). Questionnaires were used to assess subjectively reported fatigue (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Multidimensional Fatigue Scale) and participation (Life‐Habits questionnaire). Walking capacity was assessed using the 6‐minute walk test. Relations were determined using multiple regression analyses.ResultsMuscle endurance related significantly to subjectively reported fatigue and walking capacity in adolescents with CP, while no relations were found for adolescents with typical development (subjectively reported fatigue: regression coefficient β [95% confidence intervals] for CP=23.72 [6.26 to 41.18], for controls=2.72 [−10.26 to 15.69]; walking capacity β for CP=125m [−87 to 337], for controls=2m [−86 to 89]). The 15‐repetition maximum did not relate to participation in adolescents with CP.InterpretationSubjectively reported fatigue and reduced walking capacity in adolescents with CP are partly caused by lower muscle endurance of knee extensors. Training of muscle endurance might contribute to reducing the experience of fatigue and improving walking capacity. Reduced muscle endurance seems to have no effect on participation.
Auditory neuropathy in Brown–Vialetto–Van Laere syndrome due to riboflavin transporter RFVT2 deficiency
Authors: Menezes Manoj P , O'Brien Katherine , Hill Mandy , Webster Richard , Antony Jayne , Ouvrier Robert , Birman Catherine , Gardner‐Berry Kirsty 
Published: February 2016

AimMutations in the genes encoding the riboflavin transporters RFVT2 and RFVT3 have been identified in Brown–Vialetto–Van Laere syndrome, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by hearing loss and pontobulbar palsy. Treatment with riboflavin has been shown to benefit individuals with the phenotype of RFVT2 deficiency. Understanding the characteristics of hearing loss in riboflavin transporter deficiency would enable early diagnosis and therapy.MethodWe performed hearing assessments in seven children (from four families) with RFVT2 deficiency and reviewed results from previous assessments. Assessments were repeated after 12 months and 24 months of riboflavin therapy and after cochlear implantation in one individual.ResultsHearing loss in these individuals was due to auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD). Hearing loss was identified between 3 years and 8 years of age and progressed rapidly. Hearing aids were not beneficial. Riboflavin therapy resulted in improvement of hearing thresholds during the first year of treatment in those with recent‐onset hearing loss. Cochlear implantation resulted in a significant improvement in speech perception in one individual.InterpretationRiboflavin transporter deficiency should be considered in all children presenting with an auditory neuropathy. Speech perception in children with ANSD due to RFVT2 deficiency may be significantly improved by cochlear implantation.