bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RESPON MORFO-FISIOLOGI TANAMAN BAWANG MERAH PADA VARIASI KEDALAMAN PARIT, DOSIS PUPUK ORGANIK DAN FREKUENSI PENYIRAMAN
Authors: Nur Subandi , Saparso Saparso , Susanto Niken Hapsari Arimurti 
Published: September 2024

Teknik budidaya bawang merah yang umum dilakukan oleh petani di Kabupaten Brebes dan sekitarnya antara lain dalam pembuatan parit antar bedengan dengan lebar parit 50 cm. dan kedalaman parit 60 – 70 cm. Dengan kedalaman parit 60 – 70 cm., maka petani harus mengeluarkan biaya pengolahan tanah yang relatif besar dan membutuhkan waktu yang relatif lebih lama. Salah satu cara untuk memperbaiki kualitas tanah adalah dengan pupuk organik, sehingga dapat menyebabkan tanaman tumbuh dengan baik. Tujuan penelitian yang akan dicapai adalah : Mengetahui respon morfo-fisiologi tanaman bawang merah pada perlakuan variasi kedalaman parit, dosis pupuk organik dan frekuensi penyiraman serta mengetahui adanya interaksi antara variasi kedalaman parit dan frekuensi penyiraman yang diujikan dilihat dari variabel pertumbuhan dan hasil bawang merah. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Pulosari Kecamatan Brebes Kabupaten Brebes selama tiga bulan (April sampai dengan Juni 2020). Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Petak Terbagi (Split Split Plot Dsign) dengan rancangan dasar RAKL dan diulang 3 (tiga) kali. Faktor yang dicoba adalah : 1. Petak Utama : Kedalaman Parit (P) : P1 = 30 cm., P2 =50 cm. dan P3 = 70 cm. 2. Anak Petak : Pupuk Organik (O) : O1= 0 ton/ha, O2 = 17,5 ton/ha dan O3 = 35 ton/ha. Anak-anak Petak : Frekuensi Penyiraman (F) : F1 : 1 kali sehari dan F2 : 2 kali sehari. Data yang diperoleh dianalisa dengan menggunakan analisis sidik ragam pada taraf kesalahan 5 %, apabila terjadi perbedaan nyata dilanjutkan dengan Uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) taraf 5 %. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan : Kadar lengas tanah tertinggi pada interaksi perlakuan kedalaman parit 70 cm, pupuk organik 35 ton/ha dan frekuensi penyiraman dua kali sehari (P3O3F2) (38,55 mm.10 cm-1). Kata Kunci: Bawang merah, Kedalaman parit, Pupuk organik, Frekuensi penyiraman, morfo-fisiologi.
PROSPEK PENGEMBANGAN USAHA JAHE MERAH PADA LAHAN KERING DI KABUPATEN SUMENEP
Authors: Fatmawati Ika 
Published: September 2024

Jahe merah termasuk ke dalam jenis tanaman jahe yang mempunyai banyak keunggulan dibandingkan jahe gajah dan jahe emprit. Kandungan jahe merah berupa zat gungerol, oleoresin dan minyak atsiri yang tinggi menyebabkan jahe merah lebih banyak digunakan sebagai bahan baku obat-obatan. Kabupaten Sumenep merupakan salah satu daerah yang mempunyai potensi untuk pengembangan jahe merah dilihat dari sumber daya alam yang ada. Selama ini jahe yang banyak dibudidayakan masyarakat Kabupaten Sumenep adalah jahe gajah dan jahe meprit. Desa Manding Laok memiliki potensi sektor pertanian tetapi potensi ini belum diberdayakan secara optimal karena usahatani yang ada masih pada pertanian tanaman pangan padi dan jagung serta masih banyak lahan kering yang tidak dimanfaatkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) untuk mengkaji prospek dan potensi pengembangan usaha jahe merah pada lahan kering dan (2) untuk menganalisis kelayakan secara finansial usaha jahe merah pada lahan kering di Kabupaten Sumenep. Lokasi dalam penelitian ini ditentukan secara sengaja (purposive) di Desa Manding Laok Kecamatan Manding. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Metode analisa yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis efisiensi secara finansial. Untuk mengetahui potensi usaha jahe merah dilihat dari dua hal yaitu analisis potensi sumber daya dan pasar. Pengakajian prospek dalam penelitian ini menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh melalui in depth interview dengan informan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jahe merah memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan dengan potensi luas areal, produksi, kondisi dan iklim yang mendukung untuk budidaya jahe merah, selain itu memiliki potensi pasar yang ditunjukkan oleh permintaan yang tercukupi, penjualan dan harga jual yang dapat meningkatkan pendapatan petani serta kondisi pasar yang mendukung. Budidaya jahe merah di Desa Manding Kabupaten Sumenep memiliki potensi untuk diusahakan
Modelling Exchange Rates and PMS Prices Impact on Inflation in Nigeria (1985-2020): A Regression Analysis
Authors: Gwani Alhaji Abdullahi , Farouk Abbas Umar , Mukhtar  , Sek Siok Kun 
Published: September 2024

On the rise in Premium Motor Spirit (PMS) prices and cash rates, a conventional least squares analysis was used to determine the relationship between the respondent variable, inflation, and the explanatory variables, PMS price and exchange rate. According to the results, as evidenced by the conventional least squares regression, the PMS price and money rate were significant drivers of inflation, accounting for about 88% of the fluctuation in inflation. Additionally, the Breusch-agnostic test revealed that the residuals of the direct regression model were not heteroscedastic, and the ACF and PACF tests revealed that the error terms did not have autocorrelation. The Jarque-Bera ordinariness test was used to express the perceived background noise as normal. As demonstrated by the findings, the increase in the price of PMS and the decline in the value of the Naira influenced Nigerian inflation. Finally, based on the research econometric outcomes and interpretations, the study discussed the policy implications of these findings and offered recommendations. For future work, research should be conducted on energy transition and efficiency.
Potency of green chiretta (Andrographis paniculata) leaf extract on antibody titers of laying chickens in the starter phase
Authors: Darmansyah Darmansyah , Mujnisa A , Pakiding Wempie 
Published: September 2024

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Andrographolide, biological component, is present in Green chiretta (<em>Andrographis paniculata</em>), as an immunomodulator and feed additive for laying hens, has been potential to be explored. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of green chiretta (<em>Andrographis paniculata</em>) leaf extract on the levels of antibodies against Avian Influenza (AI) and Newcastle Disease (ND) in laying hens during the initial phase of egg production.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 100 Isa Brown strain laying hens were were used ini this study consisted of 20 box cages with 60x50x50 cm. The study employed a completely randomised design (CRD) with 5 treatments, i.e. T0 = Drinking water without EEGC, T1 = Drinking water + 0.5% EEGC, T3 = Drinking water + 1% EEGC, T4 = Drinking water + 1.5% EEGC, T5 = Drinking water + 2% EEGC. The study was replicated four times for each treatment.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis of variance revealed that the treatment with green chiretta leaf extract did not show a significant impact on AI and ND antibody titers at 3, 4, and 5 weeks of age. However, this treatment significant affect on AI and ND antibody titers at 6 weeks of age.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The addition of green chiretta (<em>Andrographis paniculata</em>) leaf extract to drinking water boosts up the development of AI and ND antibody levels. It exhibited superior antibody levels in comparison to the control treatment. To clarify, applying green chiretta (<em>Andrographis paniculata</em>) leaf extract to drinking water can maintain AI and ND antibody levels.<strong></strong></p>
Integrated Workflow with Hydraulic Fracture Propagation and Numerical Simulation Technology for Production Enhancement
Authors: Jiang Mingyu , Zhang Qinghui , Gao Pan , Wu Kunyu , Wang Zhuanzhuan , Zhang Menglin , Huang Jianhong , Li Yichao , Huang Xingning 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing technology, as an effective means to increase single well production, has been widely used in the production of various types of oil and gas reservoirs, achieving significant production enhancement. However, the heterogeneity of reservoirs determines that different reservoirs with different characteristics require different fracturing parameters. Using the same construction parameters for different reservoirs may increase operational costs and have adverse effects on production. In order to accurately obtain the optimal fracturing scheme, this study focuses on the following four aspects: 1) Regional geological research to accurately characterize the geological features of the reservoir; 2) Simulation research on the three-dimensional propagation of fractures to visualize the fracture network formed by different construction scales in three-dimensional space; 3) Numerical simulation research on productivity, combining the results of fracturing simulation to predict post-fracturing productivity; 4) Comparison and optimization of different fracturing schemes, considering factors such as fracturing construction cost, post-fracturing productivity, and effectiveness. The research results provide technical support for the design and optimization of fracturing schemes for production wells.
Energy Consumption Prediction and Optimization of Electrical Submersible Pump Well System Based on DA-RNN Algorithm
Authors: Lu Xin , Han Guoqing , Dong Peng , Wang Luting , Zhang Zhuangzhuang , Liang Xingyuan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Electrical submersible pump(ESP) well system is widely used in the oil industry due to its advantages of high displacement and lift capability. However, it is associated with significant energy consumption. In order to conserve electrical energy and enhance the efficiency of petroleum companies, a deep learning-based energy consumption calculation method is proposed and utilized to optimize the most energy-efficient operating regime.
The energy consumption of the ESP well system is precisely determined through the application of the Pearson correlation coefficient analysis method, which is utilized to examine the relationship between production parameters and energy usage. This process aids in identifying the input parameters of the model. Following this, an energy consumption prediction model is developed using the dual-stage attention-based recurrent neural network(DA-RNN) algorithm. To evaluate the accuracy of the DA-RNN model, a comparison of its errors is carried out in comparison to three other deep learning algorithms: Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Transform. Lastly, an orthogonal experiment is executed using the chosen model to pinpoint the most energy-efficient operating regime.
Analysis of 325 ESP wells in the Bohai PL oil field indicated that ten parameters, including choke diameter, casing pressure, pump inlet pressure, pump outlet pressure, motor temperature, frequency, oil production, gas production, water production, and GOR significantly impact the energy consumption of the ESP well system. Consequently, these parameters were selected as input variables for the deep learning model. Due to the attention mechanisms employed in the encoding and decoding stages, the DA-RNN algorithm achieved the best performance during model evaluation and was chosen for constructing the energy consumption prediction model. Furthermore, the DA-RNN algorithm demonstrates better model generalization capabilities compared to the other three algorithms. Based on the energy consumption prediction model, the operating regime of the ESP system was optimized to save up to 12% of the maximum energy.
The energy consumption of the ESP well system is affected by numerous parameters, and it is difficult to comprehensively evaluate and predict quantitatively. Thus, this work proposes a data-driven model based on the DA-RNN algorithm, which has a dual-stage attention mechanism to rapidly and accurately predict the energy consumption of the ESP well system. Optimization of production parameters using this model can effectively reduce energy consumption.
Enhancing Efficiency and Cost-Effectiveness with the Offshore Factory Batch Sand Control Strategy: Challenges and Lessons Learnt
Authors: Choodesh A. , Rutland Marvin Gary , Direkmahamongkol S. , Prachitmutita I. , Piyakunkiat N. , Hnuruang K. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Sand production poses significant challenges in oil and gas well operations, impacting production rates, equipment integrity, and overall safety. The Cased Hole Gravel Pack (CHGP) technique is a widely used sand control method, but the CHGP completion process involves multiple steps that can vary in duration, and complexity. This variability often leads to inefficiencies, increased costs, and inconsistencies in the quality of sand control well. High rig day rates further exacerbate these issues, necessitating a more efficient and standardized approach.
The Factory-Batch strategy seeks to optimize the CHGP process by implementing batch operations and standardized procedures, reducing the learning curve and mitigating potential risks. The "Factory-Batch CHGP Completion Strategy," was introduced to the company on the last development campaign in 2016. This process mainly involves fit-for-purpose both engineering and operation, standardize operating procedure, and day to day lesson learnt review and continuous improvement. This process not only meets the fit-for-purpose equipment requirements but also equips personnel with the necessary skills to master complex controls, minimize operational downtime, and reduce errors in sand control execution within a shorter timeframe.
The results indicate that factory batch sand control strategy has the potential to revolutionize sand control operations, streamlining processes, and significantly reducing the associated learning curve, leading to improved safety outcomes. In conclusion, by applying factory batch sand control strategy enhance operational efficiency and shorten the learning curve, the current campaign has managed to reduce completion operation time.
Case Study Southern Oil Field Oman: Novel Approach in Optimizing Dispersed Acid System for Matrix Stimulation in Water Injectors to Improve Injectivity
Authors: Al Hinai M. I. , Al-Yaaribi A. , Al Qassabi H. A. , Al Aamri G. , Al-Hinai N. , Al Saadi F. , Abdullah I. Bin , Al Zadjali A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The injectivity declines in water injector wells is one of challenges in water flooding fields located in Southern Sultanate of Oman. The main root cause of the injection rate decline in these injectors due to scale or damage formation in the well bore or at the sand face. This scale is mainly inorganic scale like calcium carbonate but recently it has been found that a combination of inorganic and organic scales are formed together at the same well making the clean out operation costly and sometime not very effective.
Initially downhole samples were collected from water injector wells for analysis. Lab testing showed the sample is partially dissolved in an aromatic solvent and partially in hydrochloric acid (HCl). Produced water is utilized as source for injector wells which has a lack of treatment process including high Oil-in-water (OIW) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) resulting in precipitations of commingle scale of organic and inorganic. The conventional way to treat both scales separately increases the operation time, foot print, cost of the intervention & complicates the operation. Hence, a system that tackles both damages simultaneously was used upon series of enhancement and lab tests. This system has been selected for the next well interventions.
Several dispersed acid systems were evaluated at both lap and field stages. The successful dispersed system selected was implemented in a number of field trials. The treated wells showed a good success and injectivity were restored. The injectivity index increased significantly, from 17% to more than 200%. Furthermore, the injectivity has been sustained for more than six months so far, indicating the effectiveness and durability of the treatment. The same stimulation fluids replicated across the water injector wells in the same field.
The paper highlights the importance of conducting laboratory studies to select the optimum tailored dispersed acid system that is effective in treating specific formation damage, which can be useful for other oil and gas production fields facing similar challenges in injectivity decline. The new approach can be replicated across other fields in comparison with the conventional acid system.
Success Story of Joint Operation in Overlapping Areas Between Two Operators to Maximize Potential Revenue and Cost Optimization in Sanga Sanga Block, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Sebayang A. S. , Putra S. P. , Kabisat A. , Permana R. C. , Wijaya I. Pandu , Wildani T. , Mayrissa H. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In Sanga Sanga Block, there are two different contractors which have several overlapping areas. The overlapping areas are limited by depth rights. The development of these areas will bring out an expensive cost because each contractor will develop the area stand alone. In other hand, collaboration between contractors will maximize the economics of development and led to an efficient operation thru synergy of drilling, production and commercial.
To maximize the potential hydrocarbon in overlapping areas, several synergies have been applied. They were:
Integrated technical engineering:Subsurface static and dynamic integration between operators to identify area of interest and hydrocarbon targets from shallow to deeper reservoirs.Optimize well and completion design by using dual-monobore and artificial lift design by using gas lift or pumps.Integration of existing production facility for surface facilities. Joint Operation Agreement: A bilateral agreement. It outlines terms and intents of the collaboration. Preparation for execution of joint drilling and production activities in the forms of procurement and permits. Performance quantification monitoring
Cost benefit analysis was used to compare stand-alone and synergy operations in overlapping areas. Based on the integrated subsurface evaluation, 3 areas of interest were identified for drilling and production synergies. Well design & completion are converted from conventional to dual monobore and artificial lift can use pumps and gas lift. The two operators agreed to sign joint agreement and implement the 1st phase of synergy work plans which covers 21 development wells and work over of existing wells.
The benefits of these synergy initiatives are: potential revenue of US$ 245 MM, cost optimization of US$ 98 MM and production acceleration. Despite the operational challenges, the benefits above have been delivered safely and excellent risk assessment and implementation of operational procedures.
The novelty of this new operating model is the ability to complete synergy in drilling, production operations and commercial. This synergy is the first method application in Indonesia and become a benchmark for other contractors who have similar issue in overlapping area.
Accurate Material Balance Simulation Tool Using Spreadsheet Application
Authors: Pratiwi B. N. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Low oil price has forced oil and gas industry rearrange their business strategy. One of efficiencies that could be done is replacing commercial software with in-house made software. Technology has become more practical and less exclusive nowadays, making in-house software achievable. Material balance simulation is essential thus making the amount of license in each oil and gas company significant. Author proves that advanced material balance simulation tool can be built individually using common spreadsheet application.
Classic material balance equation and PVT correlation is used as basis for calculation. Visual Basic for Applications as programming language is chosen due to its flexibility. Newton Raphson numerical method, due to its rapid convergence and wide usage on programmable devices, is chosen to calculate simulation pressure. Material balance simulation is performed on 7 observed oil & gas tanks (modeled with/without aquifer) Pertamina Hulu Indonesia (PHI) fields using both the tool built by author and existing material balance software. Material balance simulation results are then compared.
Production Sustainability Through Compressor Change-Out - Challenges & Lesson Learnt
Authors: Koh L. , Ngatiman L. , Baharin K. Kamarul , Mahmud N. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Gas Hub A is located 170 km north of Bintulu in approximately 94.10m water depth comprising a drilling platform, bridge-linked to a processing platform and a compression platform. The initial average annual gas production was 500 MMscfd, with a capacity to produce at 600 MMscfd. Over the years since the first gas in 2003, gas production has been gradually reducing. In March 2018, an Improved Gas Recovery (IGR) study identified an opportunity to improve gas recovery from Gas Hub A by lowering the suction pressure of export compressor. This opportunity was to realise additional reserves of 213 Bscfd of gas and 3.0 MMstb of condensate.
Operations decided to replace the current compressor from single stage to dual stage compressor and gradually reduce its operating pressure from 48 barg to 20 barg between 2021 and 2025. This will allow the hub to operate the gas wells at lower suction pressure through the compressor and maximise the reserve recovery factor. This will also prolong the field life and delay the cease of production by five years and ensure steady upstream production from other upstream sources and continue its role as production hub.
This paper will address the challenges and solutions related to changing and operating the new centrifugal compressor system at site. It will cover how to adjust the suction pressure to meet the process needs at different production stages to increase the recovery and sustain the production level. It will also discuss the operational issues such as vibration monitoring, material compatibility and stability of the new operating envelope with varying inlet gas pressure and its effects on the machine performance. The performance and reliability of compressors is a critical task and requires continuous monitoring for stable operation.