bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Anatomical study for localisation of Zygomatic branch of Facial nerve and Masseteric nerve – An aid to nerve coaptation for facial reanimation surgery: A cadaver based study in Eastern India
Authors: Poddar Ratnadeep , Bhattacharya Alipta , Sinha Iman , Ghosal Asis Kumar 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Context: In cases of chronic facial palsy, where direct neurotisation is possible, ipsilateral masseteric nerve is a very suitable motor donor. We have tried to specifically locate the masseteric nerve for this purpose. Aims: Describing an approach of localisation and exposure of both the zygomatic branch of Facial nerve and the nerve to masseter, with respect to a soft tissue reference point over face. Settings and Design: Observational cross sectional study, conducted on 12 fresh cadavers. Subjects and Methods: A curved incision was given, passing about 0.5cms in front of the tragal cartilage. A reference point “R” was pointed out. The zygomatic branch of facial nerve and masseteric nerve were dissected out and their specific locations were recorded from fixed reference points with help of copper wire and slide callipers. Statistical Analysis Used: Central Tendency measurements and Unpaired “t” test. Results: Zygomatic branch of the Facial nerve was located within a small circular area of radius 1 cm, the centre of which lies at a distance of 1.1 cms (±0.4cm) in males and 0.2cm (±0.1cm) in females from the point, ‘R’, in a vertical (coronal) plane. The nerve to masseter was noted to lie within a circular area of 1 cm radius, the centre of which was at a distance of 2.5cms (±0.4cm) and 1.7cms (±0.2cm) from R, in male and female cadavers, respectively. Finally, Masseteric nerve's depth, from the masseteric surface was found to be 1cm (±0.1cm; male) and 0.8cm (±0.1cm; female). Conclusions: This novel approach can reduce the post operative cosmetic morbidity and per-operative complications of facial reanimation surgery.
Minimising the donor area morbidity of radial forearm phalloplasty using prefabricated thigh flap: A new technique
Authors: Aggarwal Aditya , Singh Hardeep , Mahendru Sanjay , Brajesh Vimalendu , Singh Sukhdeep , Ghag Nitin , Khazanchi Rakesh kumar 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTPhalloplasty is indicated in various conditions of penile loss or absence. There are numerous techniques for phalloplasty including the pedicle and free flaps with the ultimate goal of micturition in standing position, attaining adequate size, aesthesis and sensations for sexual intercourse. Radial forearm phalloplasty is the gold standard flap to achieve above results but gives a very bad scar on the forearm. We present a technique of using prefabricated thigh flap to reduce the morbidity of donor area. The descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral pedicle was placed in a subcutaneous plane over tissue expander. After attaining an adequate size of flap with tissue expansion, it was delayed 3 weeks before phalloplasty. Prefabricated flap was thin and of large size replicating the radial forearm flap used for phalloplasty. Whole forearm defect was covered with the thigh flap, and the thigh could be closed primarily. This new technique of using prefabricated thigh flap has significantly reduced the donor site morbidity both aesthetically and functionally without the use of skin grafting in the whole procedure.
Free anteromedial thigh perforator flap: Complementing and completing the anterolateral thigh flap
Authors: Jaiswal Dushyant , Ghalme Amol , Yadav Prabha , Shankhdhar Vinaykant , Deshpande Akshay 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Objective: Theobjective of this study was to determine the indications, utility, advantages and surgical approach for the anteromedial thigh (AMT) flap. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the records of the patients in whom the AMT flap was used for head and neck reconstruction. We use an anterior approach to harvest the anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap with a non-committal straight line incision. This preserves both ALT and AMT flap territories intact, and further decision is based on the intraoperative anatomy of perforator and pedicle. The ALT flap was usually used as the first choice when available and suitable. Results: Free AMT skin flaps were harvested in 24 patients. All flaps were used for the head and neck reconstruction. Two flaps had marginal flap necrosis. One flap was lost due to venous thrombosis. Discussion: The thigh is an excellent donor site as it has large available skin territory, expendable lateral circumflex femoral artery system and low donorsite morbidity. The ALT flap is the most commonly used flap for reconstruction of soft-tissue defects. However, it is characterised by variable vascular pedicle and perforator anatomy. The AMT flap is an excellent alternative when the ALT flap is not available due to variable perforator anatomy, injury to perforator, when an intermediate thickness is needed between distal and proximal thigh or a chimeric flap is needed. Conclusion: The AMT flap offers all the advantages of the ALT flap without increasing donor-site morbidity. The anterior non-committal approach keeps both the ALT and the AMT flap options viable.
Computed tomography angiographic study of internal mammary perforators and their use as recipient vessels for free tissue transfer in breast reconstruction
Authors: Kanoi Aditya V. , Panchal Karnav B. , Sen Saugata , Biswas Gautam 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Context: The internal mammary artery perforator vessels (IMPV) as a recipient in free flap breast reconstruction offer advantages over the more commonly used thoracodorsal vessels and the internal mammary vessels (IMV). Aims: This study was designed to assess the anatomical consistency of the IMPV and the suitability of these vessels for use as recipients in free flap breast reconstruction. Patients and Methods: Data from ten randomly selected female patients who did not have any chest wall or breast pathology but had undergone a computed tomography angiography (CTA) for unrelated diagnostic reasons from April 2013 to October 2013 were analysed. Retrospective data of seven patients who had undergone mastectomy for breast cancer and had been primarily reconstructed with a deep inferior epigastric artery perforator free flap transfer using the IMPV as recipient vessels were studied. Results: The CTA findings showed that the internal mammary perforator was consistently present in all cases bilaterally. In all cases, the dominant perforator arose from the upper four intercostal spaces (ICS) with the majority (55%) arising from the 2nd ICS. The mean distance of the perforators from the sternal border at the level of pectoralis muscle surface on the right side was 1.86 cm (range: 0.9–2.5 cm) with a mode value of 1.9 cm. On the left side, a mean of 1.77 cm (range: 1.5–2.1 cm) and a mode value of 1.7 cm were observed. Mean perforator artery diameters on the right and left sides were 2.2 mm and 2.4 mm, respectively. Conclusions: Though the internal mammary perforators are anatomically consistent, their use as recipients in free tissue transfer for breast reconstruction eventually rests on multiple variables.
Advocacy and mass education in plastic surgery: Efforts and outcomes
Authors: Panse Nikhil Shrikrishna 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Background: Awareness of plastic surgery is lacking. Be it reconstructive surgery, or aesthetic surgery, public education and awareness regarding the spectrum is the need of the hour. Materials and Methods: We undertook a string of activities for patient awareness and education for burn prevention, occupational hand injuries prevention, skin banking awareness and various other conditions relevant to us as plastic surgeons. Use of social media helped us for increasing the reach of our projects. Observation and Results: Some of the projects we started, we are still pursuing with sincerity, and some never really picked up. A wide range and spectrum of activities were undertaken, and we would like to think that we have made some impact towards advocacy of plastic surgery; however, the measurable impact of these initiatives is questionable. Conclusion: Collective efforts for promotion of the speciality using innovative methods, use of celebrities for awareness and social media amongst other things must be undertaken to make a sustained and demonstrable impact towards advocacy of plastic surgery.
From wheelchair to walking: First case report of post-electrical burn destruction of patellar ligament with its one-stage reconstruction and restoration of function
Authors: Basu Sandip Kanti , Bain Jayanta , Majumdar Bijay Kumar , Chattopadhyay Debarati , Baitalik Debasis , Dewangan Yatindra Kumar , Bhattacharya Debtanu , Rakshit Pritha , Gupta Vivek , Kumar Ashwani , Haldar Rathindra Nath 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTElectrical burn injury causing bilateral patellar ligament destruction leading to complete loss of knee extension is a very rare injury. In such situation, surgical repair or reconstruction of the patellar ligament becomes necessary to restore knee functions. Here, we present such a case of an 8-year-old boy, whose both patellar ligaments were destroyed throughout its length due to high-voltage electrical injury. His left knee joint cavity was exposed and grossly infected, but the right knee joint cavity was apparently intact. The right-sided patellar ligament was reconstructed with an ipsilateral and looped semitendinosus tendon graft and covered with a medial gastrocnemius musculocutaneous flap. The patient had an uneventful recovery, and full range of motion in the right knee joint along with good bipedal locomotion was achieved successfully.
Triceps to biceps transfer for restoration of elbow flexion following upper brachial plexus injury
Authors: Rao Pothula Durga Prasada , Rao Rayidi Venkata Koteswara , Srikanth R. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Upper brachial plexus injury in adults causes loss of elbow fl exion; when the primary nerve surgery has failed or the patient seeks treatment after 12 months of injury and pedicled muscle transfers are required. Most commonly, the latissimus dorsi or the Steindler flexorplasty is used. Material and Methods: We have transferred one of the heads of triceps muscle to restore the elbow flexion in such cases. In addition to return of elbow flexion, extension of elbow following surgery is retained. Ten patients suffering from upper brachial plexus injuries underwent transfer of one head of triceps to biceps tendon between December 2011 and August 2015. Results: The recovery of elbow flexion was Grade 5 in 1, Grade 4 in 4 and Grade 3 in 2; only three of the ten patients had no functionally useful elbow flexion. Seven of the ten patients had an adequate elbow extension following the procedure.
Pyogenic granuloma-like lesion in children: Should we wait?
Authors: Chooi Lai Kuan , Saad Arman Zaharil Mat , Durairajanayagam Shamala 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTMalignant melanoma is a potentially lethal cutaneous malignancy. Melanoma in paediatrics is rare as compared to adult melanoma. The clinicopathological characteristics of paediatric melanoma are different from adult melanoma, and the presence of melanoma mimics which occurs frequently in children (Spitz naevi) resulted in diagnosis uncertainty. We reported a 9-year-old girl who presented with a slow-growing, pyogenic granuloma-like lesion which was diagnosed with melanoma. It is important to have a high index of suspicion in paediatric skin lesion that would usually be deemed benign. Early tissue biopsy in a suspicious lesion prevents delayed diagnosis and treatment.
Role of Metalloproteinases in the Pathogenesis of Unexpected Poor Ovarian Response with a Possible Genetic Predisposition
Authors: Tzafetas Menelaos , Lathouras Konstantinos , Tantanasis Theocharis , Fidani Styliani , Tziomalos Konstantinos , Kalinderi Kalliroi , Loufopoulos Aristotle , Zournatzi Vassiliki 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTAimTo study the role of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP- 1,2,3), inhibitor tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2, and specific gene polymorphisms in unexpected poor ovarian responders (un-PORs).Materials and methodsGroup I consisted of 44 un-PORs, group II of 42 subfertile, normal ovarian responders (NORs), and group III of 66 fertile women in a prospective study. Matrix metalloproteinase-1,2,3 and TIMP-2 were assessed in 40 patients from groups I and II. Specific polymorphisms (SP; MMP-1 −519 A/G, MMP-2 −1575 G/A, MMP-3 −1171 5A/6A, and TIMP-2 rs55743137T/G) were investigated in group I, II, and III patients.ResultsGroup I required similar amount of gonadotropins compared with group II, with fewer oocytes retrieved, lower fertilization rates, embryos/embryo transfer, clinical pregnancies/cycle, and “take-home babies” (p = 0.900, 0.001, 0.002, 0.001, 0.031, and p = 0.128) respectively, Table 1). Group I had lower MMP-2 with higher TIMP-2 (p = 0.002, 0.037 respectively; Table 2). In the same group, MMP-1 was higher in women with GG genotype of the MMP-1 polymorphism, vs GA genotype (p = 0.047; Table 3). The MMP-2, MMP-3, and TIMP-2 polymorphisms did not affect MMP-2, MMP-3, and TIMP-2 respectively. The same applied for MMP-1,2,3 and TIMP-2 in group II. Comparing frequencies of different genotypes of the MMP-1,2,3 and TIMP-2 polymorphisms, they did not differ between the three different groups: A, B, and C (Table 4).ConclusionImpaired MMP-2 activity, associated with significantly higher TIMP-2 detected, could be involved in un-POR pathogenesis. There was no strong association between MMP polymorphisms and un-POR susceptibility. However, women with A/G polymorphism (MMP-1 −519) had lower MMP-1 compared with GG homozygotes.Clinical significanceIdentification of patients with poor ovarian response in a pretreatment environment would help improve their ongoing fertility plan and manage their expectations. Also by having the ability to investigate if one belongs to that group, it could provide important family planning information for the patient.How to cite this articleTzafetas M, Lathouras K, Tantanasis T, Fidani S, Tziomalos K, Kalinderi K, Loufopoulos A, Zournatzi V. Role of Metalloproteinases in the Pathogenesis of Unexpected Poor Ovarian Response with a Possible Genetic Predisposition. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2017;8(1):5-11.
Does Weight Loss improve Fertility with respect to Semen Parameters—Results from a Large Cohort Study
Authors: Jaffar Mir , Ashraf Mohammed 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo determine whether weight loss in obese men improves seminal parameters.DesignProspective interventional study.SettingInfertility clinic and weight loss centers.PatientAll men attending infertility center and weight loss programmes from April 2012 to May 2015 (n = 105).InterventionDiet counseling and exercise.Main Outcome MeasureCollected reproductive parameters included semen analysis (ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, progressive and non-progressive motility) data. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated for all patients with comparisons to reproductive parameters before and after weight loss by using paired-t test andChi-squaretests.ResultThe mean BMI was significantly higher before weight loss (33.2) than after weight loss (30.4) in obese men. The weight loss had significant positive correlation with percentage of progressive sperm motility (p = < 0.001) and static percentage (p = < 0.001). Weight loss had non-significant correlation with semen volume (p = 0.083), concentration (p = 0.418) and non progressive motile sperm (p = 0.361).ConclusionIn one of the largest cohorts of male fertility and obesity, semen parameters demonstrated mild but significant relationships with BMI and semen parameters, possibly contributing to subfertility in this population.How to cite this articleJaffar M, Ashraf M. Does Weight Loss improve Fertility with respect to Semen Parameters—Results from a Large Cohort Study. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2017;8(1): 12-17.
Restoring Fertility in Cancer Survivors: Ovarian Tissue Cryopreservation or Assisted Reproduction Technique
Authors: Divyashree PS , Priya Khushboo 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Fertility restoration in cancer patients is gaining a very important role in the field of reproductive medicine, due to the rising incidence of cancer as well as its early detection and improved survival rate. The two options for achieving this aim are ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) and assisted reproductive treatment (ART) through oocyte or embryo cryopreservation after IVF. However, both these have some advantages and disadvantages over each other. OTC is still in experimental phase but is growing faster as an important part of fertility restoration. ART is time tested method which can be relied upon to a great extent, but there are some situations where ART cannot meet the expectations. This review is an overview of the pros and cons of both these options and the status of these methods in the present scenario of fertility preservation.

How to cite this article
Priya K, Divyashree PS. Restoring Fertility in Cancer Survivors: Ovarian Tissue Cryopreservation or Assisted Reproduction Technique. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2017;8(1):24-31.
Parietal Cranium Bifidum: A Rare Presentation
Authors: Rathinam Sivakami , Rudrappa Rameshkumar , Talluri Bhavishya 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTAimTo enlighten the readers regarding rare and distinct presentation of fetal encephalocele in parietal location and its significance.BackgroundCranium bifidum is a defect in the cranium through which there can be herniation of intracranial contents. If the content of herniation is meninges, it is called meningocele and if it contains brain tissue in addition to meninges, it is called meningoencephalocele or encephalocele. The incidence of encephalocele is 1 in 4,000 live births. The most common location is the occipital region (75%) followed by frontoethmoidal (15%), which is common in Asian population, and rarest is the basal followed by parietal locations. The exact incidence of parietal encephalocele is not available due to its rarity.Case reportWe present a case of a 24-year-old primigravida female in second trimester who came for antenatal scan to rule out anomalies. On examination by ultrasonography, we found a large cerebriform soft tissue herniating through a defect in skull vault from the vertex region with secondary microcephalyConclusionHere we give an overview of rarest form of encephalocele in parietal region, which grossly differs from the already reported parietal encephaloceles of atretic type presenting as small skin-covered subscalp lesions that contain Meninges and neural and glial rests. In our case, the encephalocele was distinct, being larger in size with normal brain parenchyma as the major content of the herniating sac.Clinical significanceOnly few cases of parietal encephalocele is reported in the literature, that too of atretic type. Apart from being the rarest form, this variant is found to be associated with poor prognosis.How to cite this articleRathinam S, Rudrappa R, Talluri B. Parietal Cranium Bifidum: A Rare Presentation. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2017;8(1):41-44.
Planejamento e logística: as propostas de investimento da Confederação Nacional da Indústria e da Confederação Nacional do Transporte para o Rio Grande do Norte
Authors: Macedo Maxsuel Moura 
Published: June 2017

Resumo Este artigo tem como propósito analisar as propostas de investimento em transporte e logística da Confederação Nacional da Indústria (CNI) e da Confederação Nacional do Transporte (CNT) para o estado do Rio Grande do Norte. A análise será desenvolvida a partir de três propostas realizadas pelas confederações, a saber: o Projeto Nordeste Competitivo da CNI, o Plano CNT de Transporte e Logística e, Projetos Prioritários de Duplicação de Rodovias: Propostas de Solução, também de autoria da CNT.Palavras-chave: fluidez territorial; planejamento; Confederação Nacional do Transporte; Confederação Nacional da Indústria; Rio Grande do Norte; Abstract This article has as purpose to analyze the investment proposals in transport and logistics of the National Confederation of Industry (CNI) and the National Confederation of Transport (CNT) for the Rio Grande do Norte state. The analysis will be developed from three proposals made by the confederations, to be specific: the Competitive Northeast Project (CNI), CNT Plan of Transport and Logistics and, Priority Projects of Highway Duplication: Proposed Solution (CNT).Keywords: territorial fluidity; planning; National Confederation of Transport; National Confederation of Industry; Rio Grande do Norte. ResuméCet article vise à analyser les propositions d'investissement pour le transport et la logistique de la Confédération nationale de l'industrie (CNI) et la Confédération nationale du transport (CNT), de l'état du Rio Grande do Norte. L'analyse sera développée à partir de trois propositions faites par les confédérations, à savoir: le projet nord-est compétitif de la CNI, le Plan CNT des Transports et de la Logistique, les projets prioritaires de Duplication des Autoroutes: Solution proposée, également rédigés par CNT.Mots-clés: fluidité territoriale; planification; Confédération nationale du transport; Confédération nationale de l'industrie; Rio Grande do Norte.
A Question of Scarcity: Spectrum and Canada's Urban Core
Authors: Taylor Gregory , Middleton Catherine , Fernando Xavier 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis article uses a case study of urban Canada to explore the contentious issue of spectrum scarcity. Drawing upon infrastructure studies, this article argues for more critical approaches to this essential element of contemporary communications. The first part of the article explores positions of various actors in the antagonistic debate regarding spectrum scarcity in the lead up to the Canadian 700 MHz spectrum auction, held in 2014. The second part of the article provides unique empirical data for spectrum traffic on licensed frequencies in a busy urban location. The article reaches an unanticipated conclusion that demonstrates shortcomings in current allocation methods.
Introduction to the Special Issue: Rise of the “Knowledge Structure”: Implications for the Exercise of Power in the Global Political Economy
Authors: Haggart Blayne 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSomewhat paradoxically, the implications of knowledge governance's changing role for the exercise of power in the Information Age remains underappreciated outside those scholars and policymakers directly engaged with these specific areas. This special issue brings together political scientists and communication scholars to consider the issue of knowledge governance through the theoretical framework of Susan Strange. This introduction examines the treatment of knowledge-governance issues within the mainstream of International Political Economy scholarship and briefly contextualizes the contribution of each article in this special issue.