bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Draft Whole-Genome Sequence of “
Candidatus
Liberibacter asiaticus” Strain TX2351 Isolated from Asian Citrus Psyllids in Texas, USA
Authors: Kunta Madhurababu , Zheng Zheng , Wu Fengnian , da Graca John V. , Park Jong-Won , Deng Xiaoling , Chen Jianchi 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

We report here the draft genome sequence of “
Candidatus
Liberibacter asiaticus” strain TX2351, collected from Asian citrus psyllids in south Texas, USA. The TX2351 genome has a size of 1,252,043 bp, a G+C content of 36.5%, 1,184 predicted open reading frames, and 52 RNA genes.
Permanent Draft Genome Sequence of the French Bean Symbiont
Rhizobium
sp. Strain RSm-3 Isolated from the Eastern Himalayan Region of India
Authors: Rai Ritu , Swanson Erik , Sarkar Indrani , Lama Dorjay , Abebe-Aleke Feseha , Simpson Stephen , Morris Krystalynne , Thomas W. Kelley , Kar Pallab , Gtari Maher , Sen Arnab , Tisa Louis S. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

The genus
Rhizobium
contains many species able to form nitrogen-fixing nodules on plants of the legume family. Here, we report the 6.9-Mbp draft genome sequence of
Rhizobium
sp. strain RSm-3, with a G+C content of 61.4% and 6,511 candidate protein-coding genes.
Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection
Authors: Haley Connie A. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

There are approximately 56 million people who harbor
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
that may progress to active tuberculosis (TB) at some point in their lives. Modeling studies suggest that if only 8% of these individuals with latent TB infection (LTBI) were treated annually, overall global incidence would be 14-fold lower by 2050 compared to incidence in 2013, even in the absence of additional TB control measures. This highlights the importance of identifying and treating latently infected individuals, and that this intervention must be scaled up to achieve the goals of the Global End TB Strategy. The efficacy of LTBI treatment is well established, and the most commonly used regimen is 9 months of daily self-administered isoniazid. However, its use has been hindered by limited provider awareness of the benefits, concern about potential side effects such as hepatotoxicity, and low rates of treatment completion. There is increasing evidence that shorter rifamycin-based regimens are as effective, better tolerated, and more likely to be completed compared to isoniazid. Such regimens include four months of daily self-administered rifampin monotherapy, three months of once weekly directly observed isoniazid-rifapentine, and three months of daily self-administered isoniazid-rifampin. The success of LTBI treatment to prevent additional TB disease relies upon choosing an appropriate regimen individualized to the patient, monitoring for potential adverse clinical events, and utilizing strategies to promote adherence. Safer, more cost-effective, and more easily completed regimens are needed and should be combined with interventions to better identify, engage, and retain high-risk individuals across the cascade from diagnosis through treatment completion of LTBI.
Determinants of institutional delivery among young married women in Nepal: Evidence from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey, 2011
Authors: Shahabuddin ASM , De Brouwere Vincent , Adhikari Ramesh , Delamou Alexandre , Bardaj Azucena , Delvaux Therese 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesTo identify the determinants of institutional delivery among young married women in Nepal.DesignNepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) data sets 2011 were analysed. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed using a subset of 1662 ever-married young women (aged 15–24 years).Outcome measurePlace of delivery.ResultsThe rate of institutional delivery among young married women was 46%, which is higher than the national average (35%) among all women of reproductive age. Young women who had more than four antenatal care (ANC) visits were three times more likely to deliver in a health institution compared with women who had no antenatal care visit (OR: 3.05; 95% CI: 2.40 to 3.87). The probability of delivering in an institution was 69% higher among young urban women than among young women who lived in rural areas. Young women who had secondary or above secondary level education were 1.63 times more likely to choose institutional delivery than young women who had no formal education (OR: 1.626; 95% CI: 1.171 to 2.258). Lower use of a health institution for delivery was also observed among poor young women. Results showed that wealthy young women were 2.12 times more likely to deliver their child in an institution compared with poor young women (OR: 2.107; 95% CI: 1.53 to 2.898). Other factors such as the age of the young woman, religion, ethnicity, and ecological zone were also associated with institutional delivery.ConclusionsMaternal health programs should be designed to encourage young women to receive adequate ANC (at least four visits). Moreover, health programs should target poor, less educated, rural, young women who live in mountain regions, are of Janajati ethnicity and have at least one child as such women are less likely to choose institutional delivery in Nepal.
Damage control laparotomy trial: design, rationale and implementation of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Harvin John A , Podbielski Jeanette , Vincent Laura E , Fox Erin E , Moore Laura J , Cotton Bryan A , Wade Charles E , Holcomb John B 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundDamage control laparotomy (DCL) is an abbreviated operation intended to prevent the development of hypothermia, acidosis, and coagulopathy in seriously injured patients. The indications for DCL have since been broadened with no high-quality data to guide treatment. For patients with an indication for DCL, we aim to determine the effect of definitive laparotomy on patient morbidity.MethodThis is a pragmatic, parallel-group, randomized controlled pilot trial. Emergent laparotomy is defined as admission directly to the operating room from the emergency department within 90 min of arrival. DCL indications excluded from the study include packing of the liver or retroperitoneum, abdominal compartment syndrome prophylaxis, to expedite interventional radiology for hemorrhage control, and the need for ongoing transfusions and/or continuous vasopressor support. When a surgeon determines a DCL is indicated, the patient will be screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients with any indication for DCL that is not excluded are eligible for randomization. Patients will be randomized intraoperatively to DCL (control) or definitive fascial closure of the laparotomy (intervention). The primary outcome will be major abdominal complication or death within 30 days. Major abdominal complication is a composite outcome including fascial dehiscence, organ/space surgical site infection, enteric suture line failure, and unplanned reopening of the abdomen. Outcomes will be compared using both frequentist and Bayesian statistics.DiscussionIn patients with an indication for DCL, this trial will determine the effect of definitive laparotomy on major abdominal complications and death and will inform clinicians on the risks and benefits of this procedure. Regardless of the study outcome, the results will improve the quality of care provided to injured patients.Trial registration numberNCT02706041.
Mesozoic and older rift basins on the SE Greenland Shelf offshore Ammassalik
Authors: Gerlings Joanna , Hopper John R. , Fyhn Michael B. W. , Frandsen Nicolas 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Seismic reflection data and shallow cores from the SE Greenland margin show that rift basins formed by the mid- to Late Cretaceous in the offshore area near Ammassalik. Here termed the Ammassalik Basin, this contribution documents the area using reprocessed older shallow seismic reflection data together with a more recent, commercial deep seismic reflection profile. The data show that the basin is at least 4 km deep and may be regionally quite extensive. Interpretation of gravity anomaly data indicate that the basin potentially covers an area of nearly 100 000 km
2
. The sediments in the basins are at least of Cretaceous age, as indicated by a sample from just below the basalt cover that was dated as Albian. Dipping sediment layers in the basins indicate that older sediments are present. Comparison of the data to the conjugate Hatton margin where older basins are exposed beneath the volcanic cover shows similar stratigraphy of similar ages. Reconstructions of the position of the basin during the Permian–Triassic and Jurassic suggest that older sedimentary strata could also be possible. In contrast to the conjugate Hatton margin, possible older strata subcrop out below the seafloor along the shallow margin, providing a future opportunity to sample some of the oldest sediments to determine the onset of rifting between SE Greenland and the Hatton margin.
Geological studies in the Baalsrudfjellet nunatak between the Schirmacher Oasis and the Wohlthat Mountains to establish the continuation of the East African Orogen (EAO) in central Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica
Authors: Roy S. K. , Pant N. C. , Kundu A. , Dharwadkar A. , Kumar P. K. , Joshi Sonalika , Raghuram  , Sadiq Mohd. , Pandey Mayuri 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The 600–660 Ma East African Orogen (EAO) granulites of the Mozambique Belt were correlated and extended into a coast marginal area of East Antarctica through the NNW–SSW-trending granulite-bearing Schirmacher Oasis. Tracing similarities in lithological association, granulite-facies metamorphism and geochronological data, the 640 Ma EAO was extended by another 110 km south of Schirmacher into the Humboldt Mountains in central Dronning Maud Land (cDML). Based on younger anorogenic magmatism east and west of the Humboldt Mountains, a 10–20 km-wide linear corridor of the EAO from the Schirmacher to the Humboldt Mountains was proposed.

There are eight nunataks between Schirmacher and the Humboldt Mountains projected above the ice sheet. These nunataks are strategically placed because they represent the small (4–10 km
2
), isolated rock exposures in approximately 5000 km
2
of ice-covered area. Baalsrudfjellet is one of these nunataks that is located at the easternmost margin of the proposed EAO corridor and represents a significant outcrop to validate the presence of the EAO between Schirmacher and the Humboldt Mountains. This study brings out a two-stage metamorphic evolution (
c.
660–680 Ma and
c.
580 Ma) with melt generation associated with the younger event. Geochronological constraints by monazite chemical dating from metapelites confirm and validate the continuation of the EAO in-between the Schirmacher Oasis and the Humboldt Mountains.

Supplementary material:
Monazite analyses, computed ages and age errors of three grains from the high- and low-melt metapelite are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3738362
The Eastern Ghats Belt, India, in the context of supercontinent assembly
Authors: Dasgupta Somnath , Bose Sankar , Bhowmik Santanu Kumar , Sengupta Pulak 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The Eastern Ghats Belt (India) bears testimony to the assembly and dispersal of both the Columbia and Rodinia supercontinents, and possibly the formation of East Gondwana. The belt itself is a collage of different lithotectonic and isotopic domains, and therefore the petrological evolution of each domain is to be considered separately prior to the formation of the belt. In this paper, we present an updated review on the petrological and tectonic evolution of the different domains along with geochronological constraints. We develop tectonic models to show how different lithotectonic domains fit into supercontinent cycles in the Proterozoic period.
Increased PD-1+ and TIM-3+ TILs during Cetuximab Therapy Inversely Correlate with Response in Head and Neck Cancer Patients
Authors: Jie Hyun-Bae , Srivastava Raghvendra M. , Argiris Athanassios , Bauman Julie E. , Kane Lawrence P. , Ferris Robert L. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Despite emerging appreciation for the important role of immune checkpoint receptors in regulating the effector functions of T cells, it is unknown whether their expression is involved in determining the clinical outcome in response to cetuximab therapy. We examined the expression patterns of immune checkpoint receptors (including PD-1, CTLA-4, and TIM-3) and cytolytic molecules (including granzyme B and perforin) of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and compared them with those of peripheral blood T lymphocytes (PBL) in patients with head and neck cancer (HNSCC) during cetuximab therapy. The frequency of PD-1 and TIM-3 expression was significantly increased in CD8+ TILs compared with CD8+ PBLs (P = 0.008 and P = 0.02, respectively). This increased CD8+ TIL population coexpressed granzyme B/perforin and PD-1/TIM-3, which suggests a regulatory role for these immune checkpoint receptors in cetuximab-promoting cytolytic activities of CD8+ TILs. Indeed, the increased frequency of PD-1+ and TIM-3+ CD8+ TILs was inversely correlated with clinical outcome of cetuximab therapy. These findings support the use of PD-1 and TIM-3 as biomarkers to reflect immune status of CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment during cetuximab therapy. Blockade of these immune checkpoint receptors might enhance cetuximab-based cancer immunotherapy to reverse CD8+ TIL dysfunction, thus potentially improving clinical outcomes of HNSCC patients. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(5); 408–16. ©2017 AACR.
Uric Acid Is Associated With Inflammatory Biomarkers and Induces Inflammation Via Activating the NF-κB Signaling Pathway in HepG2 Cells
Authors: Spiga Rosangela , Marini Maria Adelaide , Mancuso Elettra , Di Fatta Concetta , Fuoco Anastasia , Perticone Francesco , Andreozzi Francesco , Mannino Gaia Chiara , Sesti Giorgio 
Published: April 2017

Objective—
Serum uric acid (UA) has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. However, the causal mechanisms linking elevated UA levels to cardio-metabolic diseases are still unsettled. One potential explanation for how UA might contribute to cardio-metabolic disease might be its ability to induce systemic inflammation.

Approach and Results—

Herein, we report a positive relationship between serum UA and acute-phase reactants, such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, ferritin, complement C3, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, in a cohort of 2731 nondiabetic adults. The relationship remains significant after adjustment for several confounders, including age, sex, adiposity, anti-hypertensive treatments or diuretics use. To confirm the existence of a causal relationship, we examined the effect of UA on the expression of inflammatory biomarkers in human hepatoma HepG2 cells and characterized the signaling pathway by which UA acts. We show that UA stimulates the expression of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, ferritin, and complement C3 in a dose-dependent fashion. The proinflammatory effects of UA were abrogated by benzbromarone, a specific inhibitor of UA transporters. Exposure of cells to UA resulted in activation of the IκB kinase/IκBα/NF-κB signaling pathway that was attenuated by benzbromarone. The effect of UA was completely blocked by the antioxidant
N
-acetylcysteine.

Conclusions—
These in vivo and in vitro data suggest that hyperuricemia might induce the expression of hepatic inflammatory molecules by activating the proinflammatory NF-κB signaling cascade. Because inflammation has an important pathogenetic role in metabolic and cardiovascular disease, our study may help understanding the mechanism by which hyperuricemia may contribute to organ damage.
Premature Ventricular Contraction Coupling Interval Variability Destabilizes Cardiac Neuronal and Electrophysiological Control
Authors: Hamon David , Rajendran Pradeep S. , Chui Ray W. , Ajijola Olujimi A. , Irie Tadanobu , Talebi Ramin , Salavatian Siamak , Vaseghi Marmar , Bradfield Jason S. , Armour J. Andrew , Ardell Jeffrey L. , Shivkumar Kalyanam 
Published: April 2017

Background—
Variability in premature ventricular contraction (PVC) coupling interval (CI) increases the risk of cardiomyopathy and sudden death. The autonomic nervous system regulates cardiac electrical and mechanical indices, and its dysregulation plays an important role in cardiac disease pathogenesis. The impact of PVCs on the intrinsic cardiac nervous system, a neural network on the heart, remains unknown. The objective was to determine the effect of PVCs and CI on intrinsic cardiac nervous system function in generating cardiac neuronal and electric instability using a novel cardioneural mapping approach.

Methods and Results—

In a porcine model (n=8), neuronal activity was recorded from a ventricular ganglion using a microelectrode array, and cardiac electrophysiological mapping was performed. Neurons were functionally classified based on their response to afferent and efferent cardiovascular stimuli, with neurons that responded to both defined as convergent (local reflex processors). Dynamic changes in neuronal activity were then evaluated in response to right ventricular outflow tract PVCs with fixed short, fixed long, and variable CI. PVC delivery elicited a greater neuronal response than all other stimuli (
P
<0.001). Compared with fixed short and long CI, PVCs with variable CI had a greater impact on neuronal response (
P
<0.05 versus short CI), particularly on convergent neurons (
P
<0.05), as well as neurons receiving sympathetic (
P
<0.05) and parasympathetic input (
P
<0.05). The greatest cardiac electric instability was also observed after variable (short) CI PVCs.

Conclusions—
Variable CI PVCs affect critical populations of intrinsic cardiac nervous system neurons and alter cardiac repolarization. These changes may be critical for arrhythmogenesis and remodeling, leading to cardiomyopathy.
Disease Severity and Exercise Testing Reduce Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Left Sternal ECG Screening Success in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Srinivasan Neil T. , Patel Kiran H. , Qamar Kashif , Taylor Amy , Bacà Marco , Providência Rui , Tome-Esteban Maria , Elliott Perry M. , Lambiase Pier D. 
Published: April 2017

Background—
The features of the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) ECG make it a challenge for subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (S-ICD) screening. We aimed to investigate the causes of screening failure at rest and on exercise to inform optimal S-ICD ECG vector development.

Methods and Results—

One hundred and thirty-one HCM patients (age, 50±16 years; 92 males and 39 females) with ≥1 HCM risk factor for sudden death underwent S-ICD ECG screening at rest and on exercise. Fifty patients (38%) were ineligible for S-ICD because of screening failure in every lead vector: 33 (66%) failed in the supine position, 12 (24%) failed in the standing position, and 5 (10%) failed on exercise. In patients who could exercise and passed screening at rest, 31 (44%) had 1 vector safety, 16 (23%) had 2 vector safety, and 24 (33%) had 3 vector safety. Increased R:T wave ratio in the S-ICD screening ECG (odds ratio, 4.0; confidence interval, 3.0–5.3;
P
<0.001) was associated with screening failure, while R/T ratio <3 in aVF (odds ratio, 0.3; confidence interval, 0.12–0.69;
P
=0.006) and increasing age (odds ratio, 0.97; confidence interval, 0.95–0.99;
P
=0.03) was associated with reduced screening failure. European Society of Cardiology risk score was higher in those failing screening (risk score 5.5% [interquartile range, 3.2–8.7] in failed versus 4.5% [interquartile range, 2.9–7.4] in passed;
P
=0.04).

Conclusions—
HCM patients have a significant incidence of screening failure, which is determined primarily by the increased R:T ratio on the screening ECG and lead aVF. High-risk patients have an increased screening failure rate. Optimization of sensing algorithms is required to ensure that the highest risk HCM patients can benefit from S-ICD implantation.
Nonfamilial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ingles Jodie , Burns Charlotte , Bagnall Richard D. , Lam Lien , Yeates Laura , Sarina Tanya , Puranik Rajesh , Briffa Tom , Atherton John J. , Driscoll Tim , Semsarian Christopher 
Published: April 2017

Background—
Yield of causative variants in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is increased in some probands, suggesting different clinical subgroups of disease occur. We hypothesized that a negative family history and no sarcomere mutations represent a nonfamilial subgroup of HCM. We sought to determine the prevalence, natural history, and potential clinical implications of this nonfamilial subgroup of HCM.

Methods and Results—

Four hundred and thirteen unrelated probands with HCM seen in a specialized HCM center between 2002 and 2015 and genetic testing performed were included in this retrospective cohort study. There were 251 (61%) probands with no reported family history of HCM, including 166 (40% of total) probands with no sarcomere mutation, that is, nonfamilial HCM. Quantified family pedigree data revealed no difference in mean number of first-degree relatives screened between nonfamilial and sarcomere-positive groups. Adjusted predictors of nonfamilial status were older age (odds ratio, 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.06;
P
=0.0001), male sex (odds ratio, 1.96; 95% confidence interval, 1.11–3.45;
P
=0.02), hypertension (odds ratio, 2.80; 95% confidence interval, 1.57–5.00;
P
=0.0005), and nonasymmetric septal morphology (odds ratio, 3.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.64–7.08;
P
=0.001). They had a less severe clinical course with greater event-free survival from major cardiac events (
P
=0.04) compared with sarcomere-positive HCM probands. Genotype prediction scores showed good performance in identifying genotype-positive patients (area under the curve, 0.71–0.75) and, in combination with pedigree characteristics, were further improved.

Conclusions—
Approximately 40% of HCM probands have a nonfamilial subtype, with later onset and less severe clinical course. We propose a revised clinical pathway for management, highlighting the role of genetic testing, a detailed pedigree, and refined clinical surveillance recommendations for family members.
Heritability of the Severity of the Metabolic Syndrome in Whites and Blacks in 3 Large Cohorts
Authors: Musani Solomon K. , Martin Lisa J. , Woo Jessica G. , Olivier Michael , Gurka Matthew J. , DeBoer Mark D. 
Published: April 2017

Background—
Although dichotomous criteria for the metabolic syndrome (MetS) appear heritable, it is not known whether MetS severity as assessed by a continuous MetS score is heritable and whether this varies by race.

Methods and Results—

We used SOLAR (Sequential Oligogenic Linkage Analysis Routines) to evaluate heritability of Adult Treatment Panel-III MetS and a sex- and race-specific MetS severity
Z
score among 3 large familial cohorts: the JHS (Jackson Heart Study, 1404 black participants), TOPS (Take Off Pounds Sensibly, 1947 white participants), and PLRS (Princeton Lipid Research Study, 229 black and 527 white participants). Heritability estimates were larger for Adult Treatment Panel-III MetS among black compared with white cohort members (JHS 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28–0.68 and PLRS blacks 0.93 [95% CI, 0.73–1.13] versus TOPS 0.21 [95% CI, −0.18 to 0.60] and PLRS whites 0.27 [95% CI, −0.04 to 0.58]). The difference by race narrowed when assessing heritability of the MetS severity score (JHS 0.52 [95% CI, 0.38, 0.66] and PLRS blacks 0.64 [95% CI, 0.13–1.15] versus TOPS 0.23 [95% CI, 0.15–0.31] and PLRS whites 0.60 [95% CI, 0.33–0.87]). There was a high degree of genetic and phenotypic correlation between MetS severity and the individual components of MetS among all groups, although the genetic correlations failed to reach statistical significance among PLRS blacks. Meta-analyses revealed a combined heritability estimate for Adult Treatment Panel-III MetS of 0.24 (95% CI, 0.11–0.36) and for the MetS severity score of 0.50 (95% CI, −0.05 to 0.99).

Conclusions—

MetS severity seems highly heritable among whites and blacks. This continuous MetS severity
Z
score may provide a more useful means of characterizing phenotypic MetS in genetic studies by minimizing racial differences.