bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiotherapy regimens in patients with nonmelanoma head and neck skin cancers
Authors: Dundar Yusuf , Cannon Richard B. , Hunt Jason P. , Monroe Marcus , Suneja Gita , Hitchcock Ying J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundTo assess the effectiveness and outcomes of adjuvant radiotherapy regimens for nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC) of the head and neck, particularly for elderly patients.MethodsA retrospective review of patients with head and neck NMSC was conducted. Radiotherapy dose per fraction regimens included ≤200, 240–250, 300–400, and 500–600 cGy. Demographics, tumor characteristics, local control (LC), regional control (RC), and survival outcomes were analyzed.ResultsOf the 90 patients with 140 disease sites, 76.6% were squamous cell carcinoma, 15.5% were basal cell carcinoma, and 7.7% were other histologies. The mean age at diagnosis was 72.1 years old. The most common location was preauricular (20.0%), followed by temple, scalp, cheek, and forehead. The overall LC and RC rates were 88.8% and 88.8%, respectively by patients, and 92.8% and 86.4%, respectively by treatment sites. Age, primary tumor location, T classification, N classification, overall stage, perineural invasion, comorbid disease, skull base invasion, and radiotherapy subgroup were significantly associated with disease‐free and overall survival (P < 0.05). LC and RC were not significantly different among the radiotherapy dose subgroups. The mean survival was longer in patients treated with 240–250 cGy/fraction (50.3 months). There was no significant difference in radiotherapy toxicity between the subgroups.ConclusionShort‐term radiotherapy regimens for patients with locally or regionally advanced head and neck NMSC appear feasible and effective, particularly in elderly patients or those that cannot tolerate the length of standard regimens.
The impact of closed-loop electronic medication management on time to first dose: a comparative study between paper and digital hospital environments
Authors: Austin Jodie A , Smith Ian R , Tariq Amina 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Closed-loop electronic medication management systems (EMMS) are recognised as an effective intervention to improve medication safety, yet evidence of their effectiveness in hospitals is limited. Few studies have compared medication turnaround time for a closed-loop electronic versus paper-based medication management environment.

Objective
To compare medication turnaround times in a paper-based hospital environment with a digital hospital equipped with a closed-loop EMMS, consisting of computerised physician order entry, profiled automated dispensing cabinets packaged with unit dose medications and barcode medication administration.

Method
Data were collected during 2 weeks at three private hospital sites (one with closed-loop EMMS) within the same organisation network in Queensland, Australia. Time between scheduled and actual administration times was analysed for first dose of time-critical and non-critical medications located on the ward or sourced via pharmacy.

Key findings
Medication turnaround times at the EMMS site were less compared to the paper-based sites (median, IQR: 35 min, 8–57 min versus 120 min, 30–180 min, P &lt; 0.001). For time-critical medications, 77% were administered within 60 min of scheduled time at the EMMS site versus 38% for the paper-based sites. Similar difference was observed for non-critical medications, 80% were administered within 60 min of their scheduled time at the EMMS site versus 41% at the paper-based facilities.

Conclusion
The study indicates medication turnaround times utilising a closed-loop EMMS are less compared to paper-based systems. This improvement may be attributable to increased accessibility of medications using automated dispensing cabinets and electronic medication administration records flagging tasks to nurses in real time.
High‐temperature mechanical behavior of ZrB2‐based composites with micrometer‐ and nano‐sized SiC particles
Authors: Guo Shuqi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractUsing micrometer‐ and nano‐sized SiC particles as reinforcement phase, two ZrB2‐SiC composites with high strength up to 1600°C were prepared using high‐energy ball milling, followed by hot pressing. The composite microstructure comprised finer equiaxed ZrB2 and SiC grains and intergranular amorphous phase. The temperature dependency of flexure strength related to the initial particle size of SiC. In the case of micrometer‐sized SiC, the high‐temperature strength was improved up to 1500°C compared to room‐temperature strength, but the strength degraded at 1600°C, with strength values of 600‐770 MPa. In the case of nano‐sized SiC, the enhanced high‐temperature strength was observed up to 1600°C, with strength values of 680‐840 MPa.
Freeze casting for near‐net‐shaping of dense zirconium diboride ceramics
Authors: Leo Silvia , Jukes Laura , Pinches Samuel , Tallon Carolina , Franks George V. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractZirconium diboride (ZrB2) was formed into dense complex shapes using freeze casting as a near‐net‐shaping technique. Aqueous‐based formulations were compared with nonaqueous (cyclohexane) based formulations in terms of rheological behavior, particle packing in the green body, sintered density, macroscale porosity, and cracking. The influence of particle solids concentration and freezing rate was investigated. The aqueous formulations were found to be deficient in that they produced macroscale porosity that could not be eliminated during sintering resulting in low density and large pores in the final shaped objects. The nonaqueous‐based system was able to produce complex shaped objects with significantly reduced macroscale porosity. The higher concentration of solids in the nonaqueous‐based formulations was primarily responsible for the reduced macroscale porosity and enabled higher sintered densities (up to 90%‐91.5% of theoretical density for fast freezing). The microstructure of the ZrB2 formed at fast freezing rates and high solids content typically had isolated pores in the order of 5‐10 μm in size, mainly found along grain boundaries (grain sizes between 20 and 50 μm). Although this rapid freezing produced denser components, it tended to produce objects with internal cracks. When slower freezing rates were used, intricate complex shaped objects could be produced without cracks but their density was only between 65% and 80% of theoretical density.
Higher arterial stiffness is associated with lower cognitive performance in patients with hypertension
Authors: Muela Henrique C.S. , Costa‐Hong Valeria A. , Yassuda Mônica S. , Moraes Natália C. , Memória Claudia M. , Machado Michel F. , Bor‐Seng‐Shu Edson , Nogueira Ricardo C. , Mansur Alfredo J. , Massaro Ayrton R. , Nitrini Ricardo , Macedo Thiago A. , Bortolotto Luiz A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCognitive impairment and elevated arterial stiffness have been described in patients with arterial hypertension, but their association has not been well studied. We evaluated the correlation of arterial stiffness and different cognitive domains in patients with hypertension compared with those with normotension. We evaluated 211 patients (69 with normotension and 142 with hypertension). Patients were age matched and distributed according to their blood pressure: normotension, hypertension stage 1, and hypertension stage 2. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini‐Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and a battery of neuropsychological evaluations that assessed six main cognitive domains. Pulse wave velocity was measured using a Complior device, and carotid properties were assessed by radiofrequency ultrasound. Central arterial pressure and augmentation index were obtained using applanation tonometry. The hypertension stage 2 group had higher arterial stiffness and worse performance either by Mini‐Mental State Examination (26.8±2.1 vs 27.3±2.1 vs 28.0±2.0, P=.003) or the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test (23.4±3.5 vs 24.9±2.9 vs 25.6±3.0, P<.001). On multivariable regression analysis, augmentation index, intima‐media thickness, and pulse wave velocity were the variables mainly associated with lower cognitive performance at different cognitive domains. Cognitive impairment in different domains was associated with higher arterial stiffness.
T‐cell papulosis associated with B‐cell malignancy: a distinctive clinicopathologic entity
Authors: Visseaux L. , Durlach A. , Barete S. , Beylot‐Barry M. , Bonnet N. , Chassine A. , Franck N. , Herve G. , Leclec'h C. , Machet L. , Ingen‐Housz‐Oro S. , Petrella T. , Vergier B. , Ortonne N. , Grange F. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundA distinctive eruption referred to as ‘insect bite‐like reaction’ or ‘eosinophilic dermatosis of haematological malignancy’ has been described during the course of haematological B‐cell malignancies (BCM). However, its clinical evolution, histopathological features and pathogenesis remain unclear.ObjectivesTo characterize this eruption and to investigate its pathogenesis and relationship with the underlying BCM.MethodsIn this multicenter retrospective study of the French Study Group on Cutaneous Lymphomas, 37 patients with a BCM and a cutaneous eruption consisting in chronic and/or recurrent papules, papulo‐vesicles and/or nodules were included. Clinical, histopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular data were reviewed.ResultsNo significant insect bite history or seasonal predominance was recorded. Patients had pruritic papules (81%), papulo‐vesicles (43%) and nodules (38%), often predominated in the head and neck region (84%), without complete remission periods in most cases (57%). The predominant associated BCM was chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (73%). Histological and immunohistochemical review showed a dense dermal lymphocytic infiltrate predominantly composed of T lymphocytes (100%), with frequent eosinophils (77.6%); a perivascular and periadnexal (most often folliculotropic) pattern (77.6%), sometimes suggestive of a folliculotropic mycosis fungoides; clusters of tumour B cells were identified in 47% of cases using appropriate phenotyping markers. In 10/14 cases (71.4%) tested for B‐cell IgH gene rearrangement, a B‐cell clone was identified in skin lesions (identical to the blood clone in nine cases), whereas no T‐cell clone was present.ConclusionWe propose the denomination ‘T‐cell papulosis associated with B‐cell malignancy’ (TCP‐BCM) for this distinctive eruption. Although resulting in various histopathological pictures, it can be easily recognized by clinicians and may be identified by informed pathologists relying on some key features. An extravasation of tumour B cells with skin‐homing properties associated with a secondary, predominant, T‐cell immune reaction could explain the clinicopathologic aspect and the prolonged regressive and recurrent course of the disease.
Pigmented fungiform lingual papillae: dermoscopic and clinical features
Authors: Chessa M.A. , Patrizi A. , Sechi A. , Virdi A. , Leuzzi M. , Neri I. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe tongue is covered by fungiform, filiform and circumvallate papillae. Fungiform papillae may be mainly pigmented in dark‐skinned individuals. A single‐centre study aimed to examine the clinical and dermoscopic features of pigmented fungiform papulae of the tongue (PFPT) in children, and a concise review of the literature has been performed. The clinical and anamnestic data of eight children affected by PFPT visited at the Pediatric Dermatology Unit of Bologna between 2010 and 2017, and a systemic review of all studies of PFPT published on PubMed up to 31 August 2017 has been collected and analysed. The results of our data were consistent with the literature review: dark brown to black coloured pinhead papules or bumps were observed in all cases of PFPT, and three types of clinical patterns have been detected. Moreover, the dermoscopic examination showed a cobblestone‐like distribution and rose petal pattern. PFPT could be associated with hyperpigmentation of other sites such as the proximal nail folds and gums, and an intrafamiliar transmission is also possible. Clinical and dermoscopic features of PFPT may help clinicians to recognize this ethnic, acquired and benign condition.
Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Cognitive Enhancers for Treating Alzheimer's Disease: Systematic Review and Network Metaanalysis
Authors: Tricco Andrea C. , Ashoor Huda M. , Soobiah Charlene , Rios Patricia , Veroniki Areti Angeliki , Hamid Jemila S. , Ivory John D. , Khan Paul A. , Yazdi Fatemeh , Ghassemi Marco , Blondal Erik , Ho Joanne M. , Ng Carmen H. , Hemmelgarn Brenda , Majumdar Sumit R. , Perrier Laure , Straus Sharon E. 
Published: January 2018

Background/ObjectivesTo examine the comparative effectiveness and safety of cognitive enhancers for Alzheimer's disease (AD).DesignSystematic review and Bayesian network metaanalysis (NMA).SettingMEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Ageline (inception–March 2016).ParticipantsIndividuals with AD in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), quasi‐RCTs, and nonrandomized studies.InterventionAny combination of donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, or memantine.MeasurementsTwo reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full‐texts; abstracted data; and appraised risk of bias.ResultsTwenty thousand three hundred forty‐three citations were screened, and 142 studies were included (110 RCTs, 21 non‐RCTs, 11 cohort studies). NMA found that donepezil (Mini‐Mental State Examination: mean difference (MD) = 1.39, 95% credible interval (CrI) = 0.53–2.24), donepezil+memantine (2.59, 95% CrI = 0.12–4.98), and transdermal rivastigmine (2.02, 95% CrI = 0.02–4.08) improved cognition more than placebo. NMA found that donepezil (Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale–cognitive: MD = −3.29, 95% CrI = −4.57 to −1.99) and galantamine (MD = −2.13, 95% CrI = −3.91 to −0.27) improved cognition more than placebo. NMA found that donepezil+memantine (MD = −5.23, 95% CrI = −8.72 to −1.56) improved behavior more than placebo. NMA found that donepezil (MD = −0.32, 95% CrI = −0.46 to −0.19), donepezil+memantine (MD = −0.57, 95% CrI = −0.95 to −0.21), oral rivastigmine (MD = −0.38, 95% CrI = −0.56 to −0.17), and galantamine (MD = −3.79, 95% CrI = −6.98 to −0.59) improved global status more than placebo. NMA found that galantamine decreased the odds of mortality (odds ratio = 0.56, 95% CrI = 0.36–0.87). No agent increased risk of serious adverse events, falls, or bradycardia. Some increased risk of headache (oral rivastigmine), diarrhea (oral rivastigmine, donepezil), nausea (oral rivastigmine, donepezil, galantamine), and vomiting (oral rivastigmine, donepezil, galantamine).ConclusionAn exhaustive review of the literature involving 142 studies demonstrated that cognitive enhancers in general have minimal effects on cognition according to minimal clinically important difference and global ratings. The drugs appear safe, but this must be interpreted cautiously because trial participants may have less comorbidity and fewer adverse effects than those treated with these drugs in clinical practice.
Liquidity Risk, Bank Networks, and the Value of Joining the Federal Reserve System
Authors: ANDERSON HAELIM , CALOMIRIS CHARLES W. , JAREMSKI MATTHEW , RICHARDSON GARY 
Published: January 2018

AbstractReducing systemic liquidity risk related to seasonal loan demand was one reason for founding the Federal Reserve System. Nevertheless, less than 8% of state‐chartered banks joined the Fed in its first decade. Banks facing high liquidity risk from seasonal loan demand were more likely to join the Fed in its first decade. We also find evidence consistent with the notion that banks could obtain some indirect access to the discount window through interbank transfers. Some banks apparently joined the Fed to pass through discount window liquidity to other banks via the interbank network. Joining the Fed increased member banks’ lending.
Kisspeptin neurones in the posterodorsal medial amygdala modulate sexual partner preference and anxiety in male mice
Authors: Adekunbi D. A. , Li X. F. , Lass G. , Shetty K. , Adegoke O. A. , Yeo S. H. , Colledge W. H. , Lightman S. L. , O'Byrne K. T. 
Published: January 2018

The posterodorsal medial amygdala (MePD) is a neural site in the limbic brain involved in regulating emotional and sexual behaviours. There is, however, limited information available on the specific neuronal cell type in the MePD functionally mediating these behaviours in rodents. The recent discovery of a significant kisspeptin neurone population in the MePD has raised interest in the possible role of kisspeptin and its cognate receptor in sexual behaviour. The present study therefore tested the hypothesis that the MePD kisspeptin neurone population is involved in regulating attraction towards opposite sex conspecifics, sexual behaviour, social interaction and the anxiety response by selectively stimulating these neurones using the novel pharmacosynthetic DREADDs (designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs) technique. Adult male Kiss‐Cre mice received bilateral stereotaxic injections of a stimulatory DREADD viral construct (AAV‐hSyn‐DIO‐hM3D(Gq)‐mCherry) targeted to the MePD, with subsequent activation by i.p. injection of clozapine‐N‐oxide (CNO). Socio‐sexual behaviours were assessed in a counter‐balanced fashion after i.p. injection of either saline or CNO (5 mg kg‐1). Selective activation of MePD kisspeptin neurones by CNO significantly increased the time spent by male mice in investigating an oestrous female, as well as the duration of social interaction. Additionally, after CNO injection, the mice appeared less anxious, as indicated by a longer exploratory time in the open arms of the elevated plus maze. However, levels of copulatory behaviour were comparable between CNO and saline‐treated controls. These data indicate that DREADD‐induced activation of MePD kisspeptin neurones enhances both sexual partner preference in males and social interaction and also decreases anxiety, suggesting a key role played by MePD kisspeptin in sexual motivation and social behaviour.
Striving to meet targets for ideal treatment of acute myocardial infarction in Brazil: Data from the Midwest region
Authors: Carvalho Gustavo , Rassi Salvador , Guérios Enio , Curado Fernando A. M. , Bastos Ana Tereza 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesTo evaluate the systematic chain of care for patients with acute ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) referred for primary angioplasty in a capital city in Midwestern Brazil.BackgroundAcute myocardial infarction is recognized as an important cause of morbidity and mortality and as a public health problem worldwide. Early specialized care is crucial for a good prognosis.MethodsAll STEMI patients receiving care through the public health system at two tertiary care centers from March 2012 to June 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Symptom onset‐to‐balloon time and door‐to‐balloon time were analyzed and compared with current guideline recommendations.ResultsA total of 835 patients were included. Median symptom onset‐to‐balloon time was 32 h. A total of 783 (94%) patients had had symptoms for more than 12 h and 507 (61%) for more than 24 h. Only 51 (6%) patients arrived within 12 h of symptom onset and were treated with primary angioplasty. Among these patients, median door‐to‐balloon time was 37 min, in accordance with guideline recommendations.ConclusionTreatment of STEMI through the public health system in a capital city in Midwestern Brazil falls short of the recommended guidelines due to failure in the initial links of the chain of care. This potentially reversible failure has an important impact on patient outcomes and on health care burden.
Alcohol use and personality change in middle and older adulthood: Findings from the Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Luchetti Martina , Terracciano Antonio , Stephan Yannick , Sutin Angelina R. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectivePersonality is known to predict alcohol consumption, but how alcohol use is related to personality change is less clear, especially at older ages. The present study examined the effects of level of alcohol consumption and history of dependence on change in the Five‐Factor Model personality traits in a national cohort of Americans aged over 50.MethodOver 10,000 adults who participated in 2006–2008 waves of the Health and Retirement Study reported on personality and alcohol use and were followed over 4 years.ResultsLatent difference score models indicated decreases in Extraversion to be attenuated for individuals categorized as light‐to‐moderate drinkers at baseline, whereas decreases in Conscientiousness were accentuated by having experienced alcohol dependence symptoms. Moreover, personality difference scores correlated with changes in the amount of alcohol consumed at follow‐up.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that patterns of alcohol consumption are associated with changes in personality across the second half of the life span.
Developing a strawberry lexicon to describe cultivars at two maturation stages
Authors: Oliver Penelope , Cicerale Sara , Pang Edwin , Keast Russell 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe sensory profile of strawberries is documented as being influenced by cultivar, maturation stage, and environment. Thus, internationally bred strawberries grown in Australia will have a flavor profile adapted to the Australian environment. The objective of this research was to devise a strawberry lexicon relevant to the sensory characteristics of commercially available strawberries grown in Australia. A quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) trained panel developed a lexicon consisting of two appearance, eight aroma, ten flavor, and five textural/mouthfeel attributes to describe the strawberries. The panel subsequently applied the developed lexicon to describe the sensory attributes of six strawberry cultivars of two flowering types, grown in Australia and harvested at two different maturation stages. A principal component analysis (PCA) determined three dimensions of which the attributes explained 86% of the variance. There were significant differences identified between strawberries, attributable to flowering type, cultivar and maturation stage, validating the developed lexicon to discriminate strawberries.Practical applicationsStrawberries are a commonly consumed berry, with an abundance of cultivars grown worldwide. The sensory profile of strawberries is dependent upon the cultivar and environmental conditions of which the strawberry is grown. This research has identified differences attributable to maturation stage, cultivar, and flowering type. Therefore, the development of a sensory lexicon via this research, applicable to the environmental conditions where cultivars are grown, will assist ongoing breeding programs in developing strawberries expressing flavors shown to be associated with liking.