bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A DEEP CAMPAIGN TO CHARACTERIZE THE SYNCHRONOUS RADIO/X-RAY MODE SWITCHING OF PSR B0943+10
Authors: Mereghetti S. , Kuiper L. , Tiengo A. , Hessels J. , Hermsen W. , Stovall K. , Possenti A. , Rankin J. , Esposito P. , Turolla R. , Mitra D. , Wright G. , Stappers B. , Horneffer A. , Oslowski S. , Serylak M. , Grießmeier J.-M. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Observations of PSR B0943+10 with XMM-Newton and the LOFAR, LWA, and Arecibo radio telescopes in 2014 November confirm the synchronous X-ray/radio switching between a radio-bright (B) mode and a radio-quiet (Q) mode, in which the X-ray flux is a factor ∼2.4 higher than in the B-mode. We discovered X-ray pulsations during the B-mode (0.5–2 keV pulsed fraction of (38 ± 5)%) and confirm their presence in the Q-mode, where the pulsed fraction increases with energy from ∼20% to ∼65% at 2 keV. We found marginal evidence for an increase in the X-ray pulsed fraction during the B-mode on a timescale of hours. The X-ray spectrum during the Q-mode requires a fit with either a power law plus blackbody or the sum of two blackbodies, while in the B-mode it is well fit by a single blackbody (a single power law is rejected). In the Q-mode, the pulsed emission has a blackbody spectrum with temperature

K and the unpulsed emission is a power law with photon index ∼2.5, while during the B-mode both the pulsed and unpulsed emission can be fit by either a blackbody or a power law with similar values of temperature and index. A Chandra image does not show diffuse X-ray emission. These results support a scenario in which unpulsed non-thermal emission, likely magnetospheric, and pulsed thermal emission from a small polar cap (∼1500 m2) with a non-dipolar field (∼1014 G) are present during both modes and vary in a correlated way. This is broadly consistent with the partially screened gap model and does not necessarily imply global magnetospheric rearrangements to explain the mode switching.
MODELING THE EARLY AFTERGLOW IN THE SHORT AND HARD GRB 090510
Authors: Fraija N. , Lee W. H. , Veres P. , Duran R. Barniol 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
The bright, short, and hard GRB 090510 was detected by all instruments aboard the Fermi and Swift satellites. The multiwavelength observations of this burst presented similar features to the Fermi-LAT-detected gamma-ray bursts. In the framework of the external shock model of early afterglow, a leptonic scenario that evolves in a homogeneous medium is proposed to revisit GRB 090510 and explain the multiwavelength light curve observations presented in this burst. These observations are consistent with the evolution of a jet before and after the jet break. The long-lasting LAT, X-ray, and optical fluxes are explained in the synchrotron emission from the adiabatic forward shock. Synchrotron self-Compton emission from the reverse shock is consistent with the bright LAT peak provided that the progenitor environment is entrained with strong magnetic fields. It could provide compelling evidence of magnetic field amplification in the neutron star merger.
HINODE AND IRIS OBSERVATIONS OF THE MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC WAVES PROPAGATING FROM THE PHOTOSPHERE TO THE CHROMOSPHERE IN A SUNSPOT
Authors: Kanoh Ryuichi , Shimizu Toshifumi , Imada Shinsuke 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves have been considered as energy sources for heating the solar chromosphere and the corona. Although MHD waves have been observed in the solar atmosphere, there are a lack of quantitative estimates on the energy transfer and dissipation in the atmosphere. We performed simultaneous Hinode and Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph observations of a sunspot umbra to derive the upward energy fluxes at two different atmospheric layers (photosphere and lower transition region) and estimate the energy dissipation. The observations revealed some properties of the observed periodic oscillations in physical quantities, such as their phase relations, temporal behaviors, and power spectra, making a conclusion that standing slow-mode waves are dominant at the photosphere with their high-frequency leakage, which is observed as upward waves at the chromosphere and the lower transition region. Our estimates of upward energy fluxes are

erg cm−2 s−1 at the photospheric level and

erg cm−2 s−1 at the lower transition region level. The difference between the energy fluxes is larger than the energy required to maintain the chromosphere in the sunspot umbrae, suggesting that the observed waves can make a crucial contribution to the heating of the chromosphere in the sunspot umbrae. In contrast, the upward energy flux derived at the lower transition region level is smaller than the energy flux required for heating the corona, implying that we may need another heating mechanism. We should, however, note a possibility that the energy dissipated at the chromosphere might be overestimated because of the opacity effect.
A NEW CORRELATION WITH LOWER KILOHERTZ QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATION FREQUENCY IN THE ENSEMBLE OF LOW-MASS X-RAY BINARIES
Authors: Hakan Erkut M. , Duran Şİvan , Çatmabacak Önder , Çatmabacak Onur 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
We study the dependence of kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillation (kHz QPO) frequency on accretion-related parameters in the ensemble of neutron-star low-mass X-ray binaries. Based on the mass accretion rate,

, and the magnetic field strength, B, on the surface of the neutron star, we find a correlation between the lower kHz QPO frequency and

. The correlation holds in the current ensemble of Z and atoll sources and therefore can explain the lack of correlation between the kHz QPO frequency and X-ray luminosity in the same ensemble. The average run of lower kHz QPO frequencies throughout the correlation can be described by a power-law fit to source data. The simple power law, however, cannot describe the frequency distribution in an individual source. The model function fit to frequency data, on the other hand, can account for the observed distribution of lower kHz QPO frequencies in the case of individual sources as well as the ensemble of sources. The model function depends on the basic length scales, such as the magnetospheric radius and the radial width of the boundary region, both of which are expected to vary with

to determine the QPO frequencies. In addition to modifying the length scales, and hence the QPO frequencies, the variation in

, being sufficiently large, may also lead to distinct accretion regimes, which would be characterized by Z and atoll phases.
ON THE MISALIGNMENT BETWEEN CHROMOSPHERIC FEATURES AND THE MAGNETIC FIELD ON THE SUN
Authors: Martínez-Sykora Juan , Pontieu Bart De , Carlsson Mats , Hansteen Viggo 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Observations of the upper chromosphere show an enormous amount of intricate fine structure. Much of this comes in the form of linear features, which are most often assumed to be well aligned with the direction of the magnetic field in the low plasma β regime that is thought to dominate the upper chromosphere. We use advanced radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulations, including the effects of ion-neutral interactions (using the generalized Ohm’s law) in the partially ionized chromosphere, to show that the magnetic field is often not well aligned with chromospheric features. This occurs where the ambipolar diffusion is large, i.e., ions and neutral populations decouple as the ion-neutral collision frequency drops, allowing the field to slip through the neutral population; where currents perpendicular to the field are strong; and where thermodynamic timescales are longer than or similar to those of ambipolar diffusion. We find this often happens in dynamic spicule or fibril-like features at the top of the chromosphere. This has important consequences for field extrapolation methods, which increasingly use such upper chromospheric features to help constrain the chromospheric magnetic field: our results invalidate the underlying assumption that these features are aligned with the field. In addition, our results cast doubt on results from 1D hydrodynamic models, which assume that plasma remains on the same field lines. Finally, our simulations show that ambipolar diffusion significantly alters the amount of free energy available in the coronal part of our simulated volume, which is likely to have consequences for studies of flare initiation.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF CORONAL JETS TO THE SOLAR WIND
Authors: Lionello R. , Török T. , Titov V. S. , Leake J. E. , Mikić Z. , Linker J. A. , Linton M. G. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Transient collimated plasma eruptions in the solar corona, commonly known as coronal (or X-ray) jets, are among the most interesting manifestations of solar activity. It has been suggested that these events contribute to the mass and energy content of the corona and solar wind, but the extent of these contributions remains uncertain. We have recently modeled the formation and evolution of coronal jets using a three-dimensional (3D) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) code with thermodynamics in a large spherical domain that includes the solar wind. Our model is coupled to 3D MHD flux-emergence simulations, i.e., we use boundary conditions provided by such simulations to drive a time-dependent coronal evolution. The model includes parametric coronal heating, radiative losses, and thermal conduction, which enables us to simulate the dynamics and plasma properties of coronal jets in a more realistic manner than done so far. Here, we employ these simulations to calculate the amount of mass and energy transported by coronal jets into the outer corona and inner heliosphere. Based on observed jet-occurrence rates, we then estimate the total contribution of coronal jets to the mass and energy content of the solar wind to (0.4–3.0)% and (0.3–1.0)%, respectively. Our results are largely consistent with the few previous rough estimates obtained from observations, supporting the conjecture that coronal jets provide only a small amount of mass and energy to the solar wind. We emphasize, however, that more advanced observations and simulations (including parametric studies) are needed to substantiate this conjecture.
Inverse modelling of NOx emissions over eastern China: uncertainties due
to chemical non-linearity
Authors: Gu Dasa , Wang Yuhang , Yin Ran , Zhang Yuzhong , Smeltzer Charles 
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Satellite observations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) have often been used to derive nitrogen oxides (NOx =  NO + NO2) emissions. A widely used inversion method was developed by Martin et al. (2003). Refinements of this method were subsequently developed. In the context of this inversion method, we show that the local derivative (of a first-order Taylor expansion) is more appropriate than the “bulk ratio” (ratio of emission to column) used in the original formulation for polluted regions. Using the bulk ratio can lead to biases in regions of high NOx emissions such as eastern China due to chemical non-linearity. Inverse modelling using the local derivative method is applied to both GOME-2 and OMI satellite measurements to estimate anthropogenic NOx emissions over eastern China. Compared with the traditional method using bulk ratio, the local derivative method produces more consistent NOx emission estimates between the inversion results using GOME-2 and OMI measurements. The results also show significant changes in the spatial distribution of NOx emissions, especially over high emission regions of eastern China. We further discuss a potential pitfall of using the difference of two satellite measurements to derive NOx emissions. Our analysis suggests that chemical non-linearity needs to be accounted for and that a careful bias analysis is required in order to use the satellite differential method in inverse modelling of NOx emissions.
Non-representational thinking: Methodologische Überlegungen anhand des Bonner Sperrmüllassemblages
Authors: Bertram Erik 
Published: October 2016

Abstract. This paper undertakes a creative exploration of bulky rubbish [sperrmüll] in the City of Bonn by expanding on and utilising what has come to be known as non-representational thinking. Through a non-representational engagement with sperrmüll, I shed light on waste as a significant human-nonhuman ecology as it appears in an especially routinised manifestation in urban space. In doing so, the paper contributes to a discussion about enacting non-representational methodologies within German-speaking human geography. Here, there are three methodological interventions for a non-representational endeavour: (1) interfering, (2) material thinking, and (3) writing and presentation. These interventions are supported by revisiting Deleuze and Guattari's notion of assemblage; using it as a way to attend to sperrmüll as an area-sized fabrication connecting humans and various other materialities, and which directs thought towards a wide array of agencies. In conclusion, non-representational perspectives are advanced as a way to expose the affective ecologies that enable certain actions and hamper others.
Exit, Voice and Loyalty from the Perspective of Hedge Funds Activism in Corporate Governance
Authors: Pacces Alessio M. 
Published: October 2016

Exit, Voice and Loyalty from the Perspective of Hedge Funds Activism in Corporate Governance
This article discusses hedge funds activism based on Hirschman’s classic. It is argued that hedge funds do not create the loyalty concerns underlying the usual short-termism critique of their activism, because the arbiters of such activism are typically indexed funds, which cannot choose short-term exit. Nevertheless, the voice activated by hedge funds can be excessive for a particular company. Furthermore, this article claims that the short-termism debate cannot shed light on the desirability of hedge funds activism. Neither theory nor empirical evidence can tell whether hedge funds activism leads to short-termism or long-termism. The real issue with activism is a conflict of entrepreneurship, namely a conflict between the opposing views of the activists and the incumbent management regarding in how long an individual company should be profitable. Leaving the choice between these views to institutional investors is not efficient for every company at every point in time. Consequently, this article argues that regulation should enable individual companies to choose whether to curb hedge funds activism depending on what is efficient for them. The recent European experience reveals that loyalty shares enable such choice, even in the midstream, operating as dual-class shares in disguise. However, loyalty shares can often be introduced without institutional investors’ consent. This outcome could be improved by allowing dual-class recapitalisations, instead of loyalty shares, but only with a majority of minority vote. This solution would screen for the companies for which temporarily curbing activism is efficient, and induce these companies to negotiate sunset clauses with institutional investors.
El papel de la UFSM y su Programa de Posgrado en Extension Rural en el Mercosur
Authors: Hegedus Pedro De 
Published: October 2016

Este artigo se propõe a rememorar, em perspectiva histórica e pessoal, o importante papel exercido pelo PPG em Extensão Rural da UFSM no intercâmbio de pesquisas, experiências, métodos, ações, projetos, publicações e pessoas relacionadas às temáticas da Extensão e Desenvolvimento Rural no âmbito do Mercosul.
Actes de cadrage, narratologie et herméneutique — à propos de l’indétermination énonciative dans Sujet Angot de Christine Angot
Authors: Korthals Altes Liesbeth 
Published: October 2016

Cet article présente une discussion théorique et méthodologique au sujet des façons dont nous faisons sens de brouillages des voix narratives et de cadrages génériques (autobiographie, biographie, fiction, autofiction) dans un texte littéraire. Le romanSujet Angotde Christine Angot sert d’exemple afin d’illustrer la diversité des interprétations suscitées par les constructions narratives qui problématisent leur énonciation – et leurs valeurs. Attentive aux actes de cadrage (« framing » - Goffman) à l’oeuvre dans la lecture, l’approche métaherméneutique défendue dans cet article observe aussi les régimes de valeurs liés aux actes de classification (Boltanski et Thévenot) afin d’illustrer les bénéfices potentiels – pour l’éducation et pour la vie civile – d’une prise en compte réflexive des divers cadres conceptuels qui informent la lecture littéraire.
Quand le narrateur boit(e)… (Réflexions sur le narrateur non fiable et/ou indigne de confiance)
Authors: Wagner Frank 
Published: October 2016

Cet article consiste en une tentative de mise au point sur la question du narrateur non fiable et/ou indigne de confiance – « procédé » textuel susceptible de nous aider à formaliser indirectement la problématique de lapolyphoniedu texte littéraire. Y est tout d’abord esquissée une forme d’état des lieux métathéorique des thèses des tenants de l’approche « rhétorique » (Booth), de la narratologie structurale (Lintvelt, Jouve) et du cognitivisme (Fludernik, Nünning), dans l’espoir de clarifier lescritèresnécessaires à l’établissement du défaut de fiabilité de l’instance narrative. Sont ensuite évoquées, dans une perspective plus critique, quelques typologies poétologiques (Mercier et Fortier, Langevin) permettant de repérer les variantes textuelles du « procédé » ainsi que la diversité de ses fonctions et de ses effets. On espère ainsi qu’à l’issue de ce parcours, les tenants et aboutissants esthétiques autant qu’épistémologiques du récit à narrateur non fiable et/ou indigne de confiance auront pu être quelque peu clarifiés – de même, par la bande, que la question de la polyphonie du texte littéraire.
Surface structures of rutile TiO2(114)
Authors: Kubo Toshitaka , Orita Hideo , Nozoye Hisakazu 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The surface structures of rutile TiO2(114) have been studied using a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Depending on the sample preparation, the surface exhibits many complicated local nanostructures, e.g., dot-like, missing row, row-like (1 × 3), and twin dotted (2 × 2) structures. After several cycles of sputtering and high-temperature annealing, all samples exhibit triangular pyramidal structure. Microfaceted structural models, which are composed of combinations of {111} and (001) microfacets, can explain all experimental results as well as the structural variety. The calculated STM images are in good agreement with the experimental results. The decreasing density of dangling bonds, the increasing coordination number, and the evolution of non-polar structures stabilize the surface energy, which results in the microfaceted reconstructions. The formation of various nanostructures and the surface stoichiometric changes are discussed.
A comparative study of emission efficiencies in low-pressure argon plasmas induced by picosecond and nanosecond Nd:YAG lasers
Authors: Marpaung Alion Mangasi , Ramli Muliadi , Idroes Rinaldi , Suyanto Hery , Lahna Kurnia , Abdulmadjid Syahrun Nur , Idris Nasrullah , Pardede Marincan , Hedwig Rinda , Lie Zener Sukra , Kurniawan Davy Putra , Kurniawan Koo Hendrik , Lie Tjung Jie , Tjia May On , Kagawa Kiichiro 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
An experimental study is performed on the comparative advantages of nanosecond (ns) and picosecond (ps) lasers in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) analysis. The experiment focused on the relative efficiencies of the plasma emission induced by the two lasers in low-pressure Ar ambient gas for samples of various hardnesses. It is shown that the emission intensities are consistenly reduced when the ns laser is replaced by the ps laser. This is explained as the consequence of the increased power density delivered by the ps laser, which results in a time mismatch between the passage of the ablated atoms and the formation of the shock wave. The time mismatch in turn leads to less effective thermal excitation by the shock wave plasma and the hence reduced emission intensity. Furthermore, this adverse effect is found to worsen for softer samples due to the slower formation of the shock wave. These results are obtained with the same volumes of craters produced by the two lasers on the same sample, which implies that ns laser irradiation has higher emission efficiency than ps laser irradiation.
Spatial and temporal variability of ground and satellite column measurements of NO2 and O3 over the Atlantic Ocean during the Deposition of Atmospheric Nitrogen to Coastal Ecosystems Experiment
Authors: Martins Douglas K. , Najjar Raymond G. , Tzortziou Maria , Abuhassan Nader , Thompson Anne M. , Kollonige Debra E. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn situ measurements of O3 and nitrogen oxides (NO + NO2 ≡ NOx) and remote sensing measurements of total column NO2 and O3 were collected on a ship in the North Atlantic Ocean as part of the Deposition of Atmospheric Nitrogen to Coastal Ecosystems (DANCE) campaign in July–August 2014, ~100 km east of the mid‐Atlantic United States. Relatively clean conditions for both surface in situ mixing ratio and total column O3 and NO2 measurements were observed throughout the campaign. Increased surface and column NO2 and O3 amounts were observed when a terrestrial air mass was advected over the study region. Relative to ship‐based total column measurements using a Pandora over the entire study, satellite measurements overestimated total column NO2 under these relatively clean atmospheric conditions over offshore waters by an average of 16%. Differences are most likely due to proximity, or lack thereof, to surface emissions; spatial averaging due to the field of view of the satellite instrument; and the lack of sensitivity of satellite measurements to the surface concentrations of pollutants. Total column O3 measurements from the shipboard Pandora showed good correlation with the satellite measurements (r = 0.96), but satellite measurements were 3% systematically higher than the ship measurements, in agreement with previous studies. Derived values of boundary layer height using the surface in situ and total column measurements of NO2 are much lower than modeled and satellite‐retrieved boundary layer heights, which highlight the differences in the vertical distribution between terrestrial and marine environments.
Introduction to NASA Living With a Star (LWS) Institute GIC Working Group Special Collection
Authors: Pulkkinen A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis paper is a brief introduction to the NASA Living With a Star (LWS) Institute GIC Working Group Special Collection that is product of work by a group of researchers from more than 20 different international organizations. In this introductory paper, I summarize the group's work in the context of novel NASA LWS Institute element and introduce the individual contributions in the collection.