bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychotic conversion of individuals at ultra‐high risk for psychosis: The potential roles of schizotypy and basic symptoms
Authors: Bang Minji , Park Jin Young , Kim Kyung Ran , Lee Su Young , Song Yun Young , Kang Jee In , Lee Eun , An Suk Kyoon 
Published: December 2017

AimTo improve strategies for the early identification of individuals at a heightened risk for the development of psychosis, we investigated the relationships and interactions between 3 psychosis‐proneness dimensions for the development of schizophrenia spectrum psychosis: schizotypy, basic symptoms and the ultra‐high risk (UHR) criteria.MethodsSeventy‐seven UHR individuals and 79 healthy controls were assessed for schizotypy and basic symptoms using self‐report questionnaires at baseline. UHR participants were monthly assessed for conversion to psychosis over a mean period of 25.8 months.ResultsSixteen UHR participants (20.8%) converted to schizophrenia spectrum psychosis. In stepwise Cox regression, the interaction between basic symptoms and physical anhedonia was selected as a sole predictor of conversion in UHR participants, whereby the self‐reported number of the 8 basic symptoms significantly increased the risk for conversion in those with pronounced physical anhedonia.ConclusionOur findings suggest that questionnaire‐assessed basic symptoms, irrespective of their predictive validity, may predict a psychotic breakdown in pre‐identified UHR individuals who are with genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia. Including all 3 psychosis‐proneness dimensions into prediction models might help establish a more valid pathogenetic model of schizophrenia, and moreover, may provide some clues about course alteration strategies in hopes of preventing UHR individuals from converting to psychosis.
The Graduating European Dentist—Domain III: Patient‐Centred Care
Authors: Field J. C. , Kavadella A. , Szep S. , Davies J. R. , DeLap E. , Manzanares Cespedes M. C. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis position paper outlines the areas of competence and learning outcomes of “The Graduating European Dentist” that specifically relate to patient‐centred care. This approach is becoming increasingly prominent within the literature and within policy documents. Whilst working to an evidence base is critical, dentists must also be aware of the scientific basis that underpins the treatment they provide. The evaluation process, which supports treatment planning, also requires dentists to be able to listen, collate, and record pertinent information effectively. In addition, the ability to account for a patient's social, cultural and linguistic needs (cultural competence) will result in a practitioner who is able to treatment plan for patient‐centred care.
Understanding the stoichiometric limitation of herbivore growth: the importance of feeding and assimilation flexibilities
Authors: Urabe Jotaro , Shimizu Yuichiro , Yamaguchi Toshiyasu 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEcological stoichiometry suggests that herbivore growth is limited by phosphorus when this element in the diet is < 8.6 μg P mg C−1 (C : P atomic ratio > 300). However, in nature, it is not necessarily related to the relative phosphorus content in diets. This may be the result of complex feeding and assimilation responses to diets. We examined these possibilities using herbivorous plankton fed mono‐specific and mixed algae varying in phosphorus content of 1.6 to 8.1 μg P mg C−1. The herbivores showed a 10‐fold growth rate difference among the diets. Growth rates related poorly with phosphorus content in the diets (r2 = 0.07), better with P ingestion rate (r2 = 0.41) and best with phosphorus assimilation rate (r2 = 0.69). Inclusion of assimilation rates for carbon and fatty acids increased 7% of the explained growth variance. These results indicate that the feeding and assimilation flexibilities play pivotal roles in acquiring a deficient element and in regulating growth rate.
Sex differences in adult mortality rate mediated by early‐life environmental conditions
Authors: Griffin Robert M. , Hayward Adam D. , Bolund Elisabeth , Maklakov Alexei A. , Lummaa Virpi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractVariation in sex differences is affected by both genetic and environmental variation, with rapid change in sex differences being more likely due to environmental change. One case of rapid change in sex differences is human lifespan, which has become increasingly female‐biased in recent centuries. Long‐term consequences of variation in the early‐life environment may, in part, explain such variation in sex differences, but whether the early‐life environment mediates sex differences in life‐history traits is poorly understood in animals. Combining longitudinal data on 60 cohorts of pre‐industrial Finns with environmental data, we show that the early‐life environment is associated with sex differences in adult mortality and expected lifespan. Specifically, low infant survival rates and high rye yields (an important food source) in early‐life are associated with female‐bias in adult lifespan. These results support the hypothesis that environmental change has the potential to affect sex differences in life‐history traits in natural populations of long‐lived mammals.
Effects of local and landscape factors on the abundance of an endangered multivoltine butterfly at riverbanks
Authors: Zhang Xin , Miyashita Tadashi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPlebejus argyrognomon is one of the grassland‐dwelling butterflies undergoing rapid decline in recent decades. Grassland habitats for butterflies are generally threatened by fragmentation and invasive species, hence are among the most vulnerable ecosystems. We studied the seasonal abundance of P. argyrognomon at habitat patches along the banks of the Kinugawa River in eastern Japan, to identify environmental factors suitable for population persistence of this species, including habitat patch connectivity. Results showed that the patch's host plant cover had a positive effect on abundance in all three seasons, while the shading of the host plants by surrounding non‐host plants and nearby forested area showed negative effects. Additionally, habitat patch connectivity and nectar richness could be considered as positive factors in autumn and summer, respectively. Analysis of habitat connectivity also showed that the Kinugawa River did not appear to act as a dispersal barrier for P. argyrognomon. Our findings emphasize the importance of understanding environmental factors that may vary among seasons, and such understanding could contribute to habitat management of multivoltine butterflies in fragmented landscapes.
Randomized controlled study comparing the efficacy of rapid and slow withdrawal of antiepileptic drugs during long‐term video‐EEG monitoring
Authors: Kumar Shambhu , Ramanujam Bhargavi , Chandra PS , Dash Deepa , Mehta Santosh , Anubha Sharma , Appukutan Renjith , Rana Manit Kumar , Tripathi Manjari 
Published: December 2017

SummaryObjectiveAntiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are routinely withdrawn during long‐term video–electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring (LTM), to record sufficient number of seizures. The efficacy of rapid and slow AED taper has never been compared in a randomized control trial (RCT), which was the objective of this study.MethodsIn this open‐label RCT, patients aged 2‐80 years with drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE) were randomly assigned (1:1) to rapid and slow AED taper groups. Outcome assessor was blinded to the allocation arms. Daily AED dose reduction was 30% to 50% and 15% to <30% in the rapid and slow taper groups, respectively. The primary outcome was difference in mean duration of LTM between the rapid and slow AED taper groups. Secondary outcomes included diagnostic yield, secondary generalized tonic–clonic seizure (GTCS), 4‐ and 24‐ hour seizure clusters, status epilepticus, and need for midazolam rescue treatment. The study was registered with Clinical Trial Registry‐India (CTRI/2016/08/007207).ResultsOne hundred forty patients were randomly assigned to rapid (n = 70) or slow taper groups (n = 70), between June 13, 2016 and February 20, 2017. The difference in mean LTM duration between the rapid and slow taper groups was −1.8 days (95% confidence interval [CI] −2.9 to −0.8, P = .0006). Of the secondary outcome measures, time to first seizure (2.9 ± 1.7 and 4.6 ± 3.0 days in the rapid and slow taper groups respectively, P = .0002) and occurrence of 4‐hour seizure clusters (11.9% and 2.9% in the rapid and slow taper groups, respectively, P = .04) were statistically significant. None of the other safety variables were different between the 2 groups. LTM diagnostic yield was 95.7% and 97.1%, in rapid and slow taper groups respectively (P = .46).SignificanceRapid AED tapering has the advantage of significantly reducing LTM duration over slow tapering, without any serious adverse events.
Troubling Love: Gender, Class, and Sideshadowing the “Happy Family” in Vietnam
Authors: Shohet Merav 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThough socially and politically different, Vietnam's Confucian, colonial, socialist, and marketizing regimes share a common master narrative of ideal women as the moral bedrock of their nation: virtuous, self‐sacrificing mothers. Drawing on ethnographic material collected in Đà Nẵng, this essay examines how women deploy discourses about ethical sentiments and national development to make sense of their experiences of love. I focus on women's moral struggles with and reasoning about sacrifice and care to complicate understandings of romantic love as linked to capitalist individualism and modernity. Instead, I show how women subtly critique, yet remain committed to, forms of love that reinforce—through state policy and common practice—hierarchical gender, intergenerational, and class relations. This is achieved through the telling and living of sideshadowing narratives, that is, subjunctive tales that invite contingency and contradiction. This nonteleological narrative practice reveals the precarious nature of ethical life and the ways love entangles political economy, moral sentiments, and moral reasoning. [morality and ethics, love, class and gender, narrative practice, Vietnam]
Dreaming of the Kardashians: Media Content in the Dreams of US College Students
Authors: Sheriff Robin E. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe neurocognitive theory of dreaming posits that there is a specific neural network for dreaming and that dream content is continuous with a dreamer's waking concerns. This article extends this model of dreaming by arguing that the continuity principle applies not only to intrapsychic states; dream content also frequently indexes significant shifts in the cultural atmosphere. A prominent but understudied exemplar of such indices is the appearance of media content in dreams. This article underscores such media content as an area worthy of anthropological scrutiny and focuses on celebrity dreams among US college students as a site for theorizing the imbrication of dreaming, self, and culture. It is argued that celebrity dreams index recent and dramatic shifts in media ecologies (including embodied engagement with smartphones and formative encounters with reality television) as well as middle‐class young women's interiorized struggles over the expectations and exhortations associated with mounting a neoliberal and feminine public self.
Study on the fatigue life and damage accumulation of a compressor blade based on a modified nonlinear damage model
Authors: Fu X. , Zhang J. , Lin J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractComparing with the fatigue test results of Ti‐6Al‐4V, the widely used Chaboche damage model shows considerable differences in fatigue life prediction under asymmetric load, which is potentially caused by the local plastic deformation. In this paper, a modified nonlinear damage accumulation model is developed to improve the prediction accuracy for asymmetric loading condition. To account for the elastic and plastic strains, an elastoplastic fatigue factor is developed with 2 weighting factors based on the Ramberg‐Osgood equation and introduced into the stress term of the damage model. The validation of the proposed damage model is verified against the experimental data of Ti‐6Al‐4V titanium alloy and 2024‐T3 aluminium alloy with various stress ratios. Comparing with the original Chaboche model, the predicted life of the proposed model shows much better agreement with the experimental results. Then, the proposed model is used to estimate the fatigue life of a compressor blade of aero‐engine. Considering the variable amplitude loads and the loading sequence, the damage accumulation and the fatigue life of the blade are calculated, and the results indicate a longer fatigue life with slower damage accumulation rate in the early life stage.
Frontiers in alley cropping: Transformative solutions for temperate agriculture
Authors: Wolz Kevin J. , Lovell Sarah T. , Branham Bruce E. , Eddy William C. , Keeley Keefe , Revord Ronald S. , Wander Michelle M. , Yang Wendy H. , DeLucia Evan H. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAnnual row crops dominate agriculture around the world and have considerable negative environmental impacts, including significant greenhouse gas emissions. Transformative land‐use solutions are necessary to mitigate climate change and restore critical ecosystem services. Alley cropping (AC)—the integration of trees with crops—is an agroforestry practice that has been studied as a transformative, multifunctional land‐use solution. In the temperate zone,AChas strong potential for climate change mitigation through direct emissions reductions and increases in land‐use efficiency via overyielding compared to trees and crops grown separately. In addition,ACprovides climate change adaptation potential and ecological benefits by buffering alley crops to weather extremes, diversifying income to hedge financial risk, increasing biodiversity, reducing soil erosion, and improving nutrient‐ and water‐use efficiency. The scope of temperateACresearch and application has been largely limited to simple systems that combine one timber tree species with an annual grain. We propose two frontiers in temperateACthat expand this scope and could transform its climate‐related benefits: (i) diversification via woody polyculture and (ii) expanded use of tree crops for food and fodder. WhileACis ready now for implementation on marginal lands, we discuss key considerations that could enhance the scalability of the two proposed frontiers and catalyze widespread adoption.
Relative risk of home hemodialysis attrition in patients using a telehealth platform
Authors: Weinhandl Eric D. , Collins Allan J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntroduction: Home hemodialysis (HHD) facilitates increased treatment frequency, which may improve patient outcomes. However, attrition due to technique failure limits the clinical effectiveness of the modality. Nx2me Connected Health is a telehealth platform that enables ongoing assessment of HHD patients using NxStage equipment, and that may reduce patient burden. We aimed to assess whether use of Nx2me was associated with risk of HHD attrition.Methods: We compared risks of all‐cause attrition, dialysis cessation (i.e., death or transplant), and technique failure in Nx2me users and matched control patients, using a retrospective cohort study. We also compared the likelihood of HHD training graduation in patients who initiated use of Nx2me during training with the likelihood in matched control patients. Matching factors included date of HHD initiation, NxStage treatment duration at initiation of follow‐up, and prescribed treatment frequency. We used stratified Fine‐Gray and Cox regression to compare risks, with adjustment for demographic factors and vascular access modality, and stratification by matched cluster.Findings: We identified 606 Nx2me users; 49.5% initiated use of Nx2me in <3 months after initiation of HHD with NxStage equipment. Adjusted hazard ratios (AHRs) of all‐cause attrition, dialysis cessation, and technique failure were 0.80 (95% confidence interval, 0.68–0.95), 1.10 (0.86–1.41), and 0.71 (0.57–0.87), respectively, for Nx2me users vs. matched controls. AHRs were similar in patients who initiated use of Nx2me in <3 months after initiation of HHD. The AHR of HHD training graduation was 1.61 (1.10–2.36) in patients who initiated use of Nx2me within 2 weeks of training initiation vs. matched controls.Discussion: Use of Nx2me was associated with lower risk of all‐cause attrition, lower risk of technique failure, and higher likelihood of HHD training graduation. Further studies are needed to identify the mechanisms by which use of a telehealth platform may improve clinical outcomes and reduce patient burden.
Making Critically Conscious Disciples: A Zambian Pentecostal Pneumato‐Discipleship Missiology
Authors: Kaunda Chammah J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis article calls for rethinking of discipleship withinmissio Spiritusfor political formation necessary for the viable functioning of Zambian Pentecostalism in the neo‐colonial context. It argues that the theme for the 2018 World Mission Conference in Arusha, Tanzania, “Moving in the Spirit: Called to Transforming Discipleship,” calls for pneumato‐discipleship in promoting human dignity. Through an empirical missiological approach, the article analyzes interviews conducted with various believers in various Pentecostal communities to demonstrate the emergingmissio Spirituspraxis among Zambian Pentecostals, which seeks to promote a missional ethics of resistance to neo‐colonial political culture. Pneumato‐discipleship, as pedagogy for critically conscious disciples, is geared toward realization of human dignity. It is the instrument of hope in the search for dignity and struggle against pervasive inhumanities.
Evangelism Challenges the Church's Identity
Authors: Ahonen Risto A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe gospel of Christ has spread to hundreds of linguistic and cultural communities. Christian churches have come face to face with an extraordinarily positive but nevertheless perplexing problem: Can the churches find the common core message of the holistic gospel or will the actual content of faith become relativized into the interpretation of interpretations? Despite the many different definitions of evangelism/evangelization, evangelism always leads to consideration of the basic questions of faith: its profound understanding and its reception. Evangelism involves the questions of what I believe or believe in, and of what I commit to. In the midst of the constant flow of information and the hectic tempo of life, evangelism challenges the church again and again to reconsider how the gospel can be expressed compactly, but in a rich, understandable, and true‐to‐life way. In the ecumenical discussion, the concept of “witness” as a form of evangelism is becoming increasingly important, because it comprises all the essential dimensions of the whole gospel. Evangelism challenges churches and their members to boldly bear witness by word and deed to Jesus Christ.
Sign reversal in the relationship between income smoothing and cost of debt
Authors: Amiram Dan , Owens Edward 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDespite the fact that income smoothing by managers is a pervasive phenomenon that has been widely researched, extant literature provides incomplete evidence on how smoothing is associated with cost of debt in general, and in the private loan market in particular. The institutional factors associated with private loan contracts, combined with the theoretical motivations for smoothing, make it unclear whether smoothing will be positively, negatively, or not associated with loan spread. Using both cross‐country and within‐country analyses on an international sample of private loans, we predict and provide evidence that income smoothing is associated with lower cost of debt when the threat of private benefits consumption by managers is low, but is associated with higher cost of debt when the threat of private benefits consumption by managers is high. We provide the first evidence in the literature that the garbling effect of smoothing can predictably dominate the signaling view of smoothing in debt contract design, and we identify private benefits consumption threat as the feature of the contracting environment that empirically reveals a sign reversal in the relationship between smoothing and cost of debt.
Soft tissue re‐growth after osseous resective surgery with and without fibre retention technique. Four‐year follow‐up of a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Aimetti Mario , Mariani Giulia Maria , Ercoli Elena , Audagna Martina , Romano Federica 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes and soft tissue rebound following Fibre Retention Osseous Resective Surgery (FibReORS) and Osseous Resective Surgery (ORS) over a 48‐month period.Materials and MethodsThirteen chronic periodontitis patients, displaying two contra‐lateral posterior sextants with residual intrabony defects ≤3 mm in single‐rooted or multi‐rooted teeth with no or grade I furcation involvement, were treated in a split‐mouth study model. ORS procedure was randomly applied on one side, while FibReORS on the contra‐lateral side. Clinical measurements were recorded at 12 and 48 months after surgery.ResultsAll 13 patients were available for the 48‐month recall. At this time point, probing depth (PD) and keratinized tissue changes did not significantly differ between treatments. FibReORS‐treated sites exhibited less gingival recession than ORS‐treated sextants (2.1 ± 0.3 versus 2.5 ± 0.4 mm, p = .001), but comparable coronal soft tissue rebound. The mean difference of 0.4 ± 0.3 mm was consistent with higher amount of bone resection in the ORS group (0.92 ± 0.11 versus 0.38 ± 0.09 mm, p < .001).ConclusionFibReORS resulted in similar PD changes and soft tissue rebound compared with ORS in posterior teeth with no or limited furcation involvement.
The effect of horizontal and vertical furcation involvement on molar survival: A retrospective study
Authors: Nibali Luigi , Sun Chuanming , Akcalı Aliye , Yeh Yi‐Chun , Tu Yu‐Kang , Donos Nikos 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundPeriodontal involvement of the furcation area (furcation involvement, FI) has been reported to confer molars a higher risk of tooth loss.AimsThe aim of this retrospective analysis was to assess the effect of FI on disease progression and tooth loss in molars of patients with chronic periodontitis undergoing supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) in a UK private practice setting.Materials and MethodsSix‐hundred and thirty‐three molars were analysed in 100 chronic periodontitis patients treated with active periodontal therapy (APT) and followed up in SPT for at least 5 years. Molars were treated with a combination of resective, regenerative or conservative approaches, according to the different clinical needs.ResultsTwenty‐three molars were extracted during APT and a further 23 were lost during SPT. Multivariable analysis showed that both horizontal FI and vertical furcation component were associated with increased risk of tooth loss during SPT (OR 5.26, 95% CI: 1.46–19.03, p = .012 and OR 9.83, 95% CI: 1.83–50.11, p = .006, respectively).ConclusionAttention should be placed on both horizontal and vertical FI in molars, owing to their association with tooth loss during SPT.