bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Μαθησιακές Δυσκολίες στα Μαθηματικά, αναγκαία η δημιουργία λεξιλογίου εννοιών
Authors: Νικολόπουλος Γιάννης 
Published: October 2016

<p> Στην ανακοίνωσή μας εξετάζουμε την συμμετοχή/διαμεσολάβηση της γλώσσας στα Μαθηματικά Ελλείμματα. Μας απασχολεί δηλαδή, που και πόσο η Δυσλεξία είναι παράμετρος, της Μαθησιακής Διαταραχής στα Μαθηματικά.</p><p> Τα Ελλείμματα των Μαθηματικών έχουν βάση την Δυσαριθμησία αλλά και ο ρόλος της Δυσλεξίας, ειδικά μάλιστα όσο ανεβαίνουμε στην ακαδημαϊκή κλίμακα που τα προβλήματα της πρακτικής αριθμητικής αλλά και οι εκφράσεις πλεονάζουν σε σχέση με τις απλές πράξεις του δημοτικού, ο ρόλος της Δυσλεξίας δυναμώνει. Έχει φτάσει μάλιστα η επιστημονική αρθρογραφία να αναφέρει σαφέστατα: «Δυσλεξία και Δυσαριθμησία στα Μαθηματικά» (Ashcraft and Faust, 1994).</p><p> Τα λεκτικά προβλήματα, δηλαδή τα προβλήματα με εκφωνήσεις και διατυπώσεις και όχι οι καθαρά μαθηματικές πράξεις αποτελούν την καρδιά των επιστημονικών αντικειμένων. Είναι κατανοητό ότι η ικανότητα της ανάγνωσης είναι σημαντική στην αποκωδικοποίηση της εκφώνησης ενός μαθηματικού προβλήματος, έτσι ώστε να μπορέσουν τα παιδιά να κατανοήσουν τα δεδομένα και τα ζητούμενα. Κατόπιν και αφού στηριχθούν στις μαθηματικές τους γνώσεις, θα χρησιμοποιήσουν τα δεδομένα για να προχωρήσουν στη λύση, δηλαδή να οδηγηθούν στα ζητούμενα. Τότε οφείλουν να διατυπώσουν την μαθηματική απάντηση. Άρα από άποψη γλώσσας, έχουμε αρχικά ανάγνωση και αποκωδικοποίηση της εκφώνησης και στη συνέχεια διατύπωση λύσης.</p><p> Αναγκαιότητα η δημιουργία λεξιλογίου/εννοιολογίου στα Μαθηματικά, όπου θα συνδέονται και ταυτόχρονα θα διαχωρίζονται οι εκφράσεις που αντιστοιχούν σε συγκεκριμένες μαθηματικές έννοιες. </p><menu id="menuid"></menu><menu id="menuid"></menu>
An in vitro investigation into the efficacies of chlorhexidine gluconate, povidone iodine and green tea (Camellia sinensis) to prevent surgical site infection in animals
Authors: Williams Jane , Lane S , Harniman S 
Published: October 2016

Background:Surgical site infections are common in veterinary practice; their prevention is based on the preoperative use of topical antimicrobials at the surgical site to reduce resident bacteria to sub-pathogenic levels.AimChlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) and povidone iodine (PI) are the most popular options for preoperative skin preparation in veterinary practice, however increasing bacterial resistance to CHG and PI have been reported; therefore investigation into alternative antimicrobials such as Camellia sinensis (green tea: GT) is required.MethodThe Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to test the antibacterial activity of four dilutions of CHG, PI and GT on the normal flora of animal skin, represented by S. aureus, S. intermedius, S. uberis and S. pyogenes. Zones of inhibition (ZOI) were measured to assess antimicrobial action. Kruskal-Wallis analyses with Mann-Whitney post-hoc tests determined differences in efficacy between the dilutions of antimicrobials for each bacterium tested.ResultsAll antimicrobials inhibited bacterial growth, CHG was more efficacious than PI and GT (p<0.0001; mean CHG: 24.02± 2.05 mm; mean PI: 4.46±1.35 mm; mean GT: 2.90mm±2.60mm). Although GT produced smaller ZOIs than PI, no significant differences in efficacy existed (p>0.05).ConclusionThe results suggest that CHG is the best antimicrobial for preoperative skin preparation. GT did produce an antibacterial effect on three of the four bacteria, although this was inferior to the existing veterinary products used. Therefore GT in the formulation tested is not recommended for use as a veterinary antimicrobial.
Theatre for peace in East Africa: The quest for ‘cosmic equilibrium’
Authors: Joseph Christopher Odhiambo 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Theatre for peace as a practice has been used in post-war and other situations of violence in East Africa. However, it has not received as much scholarly attention as other applied theatre forms that target health issues such as HIV and AIDS, malaria, civic education and human rights and ‘development’. An international theatre for peace workshop that took place in Kisumu in 2011, organized by Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Entwicklungshilfe (AGEH) from Germany, spurred me to begin thinking seriously about the manifestation(s) of theatre for peace in East Africa. This article is part of that thinking, and sets out to map out some activities in the region.
Thinking through the puppet, inside and outside immigration detention
Authors: Smith Matt 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This article addresses the issues involved in the practice of applied puppetry in relation to immigration detention. Its reflections and assertions are situated within recent debates about the practice of the puppeteer with groups in workshops. This scholarly praxis has evolved from ideas drawn from the practice of a research project conducted in an immigration removal centre in the United Kingdom. The article explores making puppets and performing puppet shows in this traumatic detention environment, and reflects on the knowledge gained through subsequent lecture performances. The author has used puppetry previously in a number of unusual settings to engage groups, and these inform the discussion here. The article explores personal accounts of practice, experiences of workshops and questions about power and ethics.
The global organization supporting puppetry, Union Internationale de la Marionette (UNIMA), has been reflecting on the use of puppetry in education and continues to be a vital source in the development of these debates. For example, the publication The Power of the Puppet is a good introduction to the issues around using puppets with groups.
Absence in context: Recontextualizing civic data, critical cartographies, and gentrification in New York City
Authors: Blinder Justin 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Corporate mapping tools, such as Google Maps, have become a common lens through which we view geographical data. These tools normalize what is filtered. Such decontextualization is not mere happenstance. Numerous mapped data sets obscure and obfuscate the original context in which data were collected and, more importantly, who or what was omitted from it. In response, I draw upon the development and implementation of my art project ‘Vacated’, which recontextualized both the New York City government’s PLUTO data set and Google Street View, to document and examine patterns of gentrification in new ways. ‘Vacated’ emphasizes street-level perspectives of data points to reflect on, and engage with, the larger data sets that they exist within. Contextualizing the images also renders more visible the continuous ecosystem of surveillance in which they were taken. I conclude with reflections on further possibilities for critical cartography and usable tools for everyday citizens and users.
Against the Black Box
Authors: Smith Oliver 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The Black Box is explored as a tool of power and control. Originating as a problem-solving tool in electrical engineering it is shown to have developed through its military and cybernetic use into an inherent part of technologies and knowledge, obscuring their origins and complexities. Although this process is often accepted as necessary, its hidden and unquestioned existence is shown to be problematic. The scale and complexity of the Black Box is discussed with reference to the large scale of historical computing and the distributed nature of infrastructural technologies as well as legal frameworks built around technologies. Through a number of examples, from networked consumer technologies to governmental surveillance techniques, the Black Box is shown to have opaque, leaky and talkative characteristics that contribute to its power.
Disruptive agents: Transdisciplinary and posthumous manifestations of the studio
Authors: Thomas Paul , Eastwood David 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In the wake of the post-studio era that took place during the latter half of the twentieth century, new (and renewed) possibilities for studio discourse have emerged. Alex Coles contends, ‘We have entered a post-poststudio age, and find ourselves with a new studio model: the transdisciplinary’. How are we to understand the nature of the transdisciplinary in relation to the contemporary studio? This article adopts the concept of transdisciplinarity as a provocation for contextualizing contemporary manifestations of the studio, following Edward Colless’ interpretation of the transdisciplinary as ‘an irregularity within academic discipline’, expressed as a form of indiscipline or disruption. Does the historical concept of the studio haunt the present, and how might earlier manifestations of the studio productively inform current and future prospects for studio practice? Moreover, how might present practices disrupt conventional understandings of the studio? The phenomenon of the reconstructed modernist studio as museum artefact demonstrates a broader reframing of the studio, shifting its context from a historical archetype on the one hand, to a future-oriented prototype on the other. Transdisciplinarity forms a strategic (and sometimes inadvertent) disruption within contemporary manifestations of the studio, providing a catalyst to move outside of studio conventions. Instrumental in the age of the post-post-studio is the shift that has occurred through the ubiquity of technologies and the increasing interest in the nexus between the sciences and art. A democratization and dislocation of the studio has taken place, expanding and blurring its boundaries. Its various (re)incarnations now encompass the home, the warehouse, the office, the university, the laboratory, the museum, the cloud and beyond, enabling an ever increasing potential for disruptive agents to play a role in realigning the intentionality for, within, and of the studio.
Efficacy of Kumaun Himalayan Biota orientalis Endl. leaves extracts against pathogenic fungi
Authors: Joshi Savita , Sati S. C. , Kumar Parikshit 
Published: October 2016

An increasing demand for natural plant products has shifted the attention from synthetic to natural antifungal agents. This study was carried out to evaluate the antifungal activity of methanol, ethanol, chloroform, hexane and water extracts of Biota orientalis Endl. leaves, a Kumaun Himalayan gymnospermic plant. The antifungal potential of all extracts of B. orientalis were tested against seven different fungal strains (Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum falcatum, Fusarium oxysporum, Pyricularia oryzae, Sclerotinia rolfsii, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Tilletia indica) using agar-well diffusion method. The ethanol extract was found most active against all the pathogens tested (Percent inhibition, 27-59%) followed by hexane extract (Percent inhibition, 31-58%) and methanol extract (27-57%) while chloroform and aqueous extracts were found totally inactive against all the tested fungal strains, only chloroform extract showed inhibitory activity against S. rolfsii (% inhibition, 58%). The inhibitory activity of these extracts was found very effective as compared to Clotrimazol, standard antifungal agent that was used as positive control against tested fungal strains.
Hilbert schemes of some threefold scrolls over 𝔽
e
Authors: Fania Maria Lucia , Flamini Flaminio 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Hilbert schemes of suitable smooth, projective threefold scrolls over the Hirzebruch surface 𝔽
e
, e ≥ 2, are studied. An irreducible component of the Hilbert scheme parametrizing such varieties is shown to be generically smooth of the expected dimension, and the general point of such a component is described.
Positive polynomials on nondegenerate basic semi-algebraic sets
Authors: Ha Huy-Vui , Ho Toan Minh 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA concept of nondegenerate basic closed semi-algebraic sets in ℝnis introduced. These areunboundedclosed semi-algebraic sets for which we obtain some representations of polynomials with positive infima (the polynomials are further assumed to be bounded ifn>2) and solutions of the moment problem. The key to obtain these results is an explicit description of the algebra of bounded polynomials on a nondegenerate basic semi-algebraic set via the combinatorial information of the Newton polyhedron corresponding to the generators of the semi-algebraic set.
Optimal cover of a disk with three smaller congruent disks
Authors: Szalkai Balázs 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In 2008 R. Connelly asked how one should place n small disks of radius r to cover the largest possible area of a disk of radius R > r. More specifically, is there always an optimal configuration with n-fold rotational symmetry for small values of n? The answer is known to be positive for n = 2, negative for n = 5, and it has been conjectured to be positive for n = 3 and 4. In this paper, we present a systematic way to list all possible combinatorial structures of optimal configurations, and we prove that for n = 3 there is always an optimal configuration with rotational symmetry of order three.
Edges versus circuits: a hierarchy of diameters in polyhedra
Authors: Borgwardt S. , De Loera J. A. , Finhold E. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The study of the graph diameter of polytopes is a classical open problem in polyhedral geometry and the theory of linear optimization. In this paper we continue the investigation initiated in [5] by introducing a vast hierarchy of generalizations to the notion of graph diameter. This hierarchy provides some interesting lower bounds for the usual graph diameter. After explaining the structure of the hierarchy and discussing these bounds, we focus on clearly explaining the differences and similarities among the many diameter notions of our hierarchy. Finally, we fully characterize the hierarchy in dimension two. It collapses into fewer categories, for which we exhibit the ranges of values that can be realized as diameters.
Hyperovals arising from a Singer group action on H(3,q2)$\mathcal{H}(3, q^2)$, q even
Authors: Cossidente Antonio , King Oliver H. , Marino Giuseppe 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The action of a Singer cyclic group of order q
2 + 1 on the Hermitian surface

H
(
3
,

q
2

)

$\mathcal{H}(3, q^2)$

, q even, is investigated. Infinite families of hyperovals of size 2(q
2 + 1), q even, are then constructed.
Minimally Invasive Treatment with Platelet Rich Plasma in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Albu Daniel–Emil , Monica Copotoiu , Cristina Jeremias , Mihaela Susca , Răzvan Melinte , Tiberiu Băţagă , Sanda-Maria Copotoiu 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Background: The main target of the structural damage in osteoarthritisis the hyaline cartilage. New options such as PRP (platelet rich plasma) may cause structural improvement of the cartilage.

Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate the evolution of the patients with knee osteoarthritis on PRP treatment.

Material and method: The patients with osteoarthritis were evaluated at enrolment and every three months by ultrasound knee ecography. A semi-quantitative knee ultrasound score was applied to monitor changes before and after the treatment. The score was composed by the presence of the following: bursitis (1 point), hypoechogenic changes at the level of the hyaline cartilage in the anterior transversal window (1 point), asymmetrical narrowing of the cartilage (1 point), the involvement of the medial cartilage in the longitudinal approach (1 point), the involvement of lateral cartilage in the longitudinal approach (1 point) and the presence of step up lesions – osteophytes (1 point The evaluation was performed independently by two separate physicians. Another ultrasound - trained doctor was analysing all the images.

Results: Twenty - nine patients were included in our study; with one patient excluded due to masive bursitis. No differences were found concerning the pathological findings between the first two evaluators (p: 0.1250). So far, only nine patients have been evaluated at three months, and we were unable to find any improvements or worsening concerning the ultrasound alterations (p: 0.0625). The ultrasound lack of modifications was not correlated with the functional status of the subjects.

Conclusions: In the short term, the local treatment showed no improvement on structural damage, but it improved the overall status of the patients (less pain, improved mobility, a better quality of life).
Identification of the Procedural Accidents During Root Canal Preparation Using Digital Intraoral Radiography and Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Csinszka K.-Ivácson A.- , Maria Monea Adriana , Monica Monea , Mihai Pop , Angela Borda 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Crown or root perforation, ledge formation, fractured instruments and perforation of the roots are the most important accidents which appear during endodontic therapy. Our objective was to evaluate the value of digital intraoral periapical radiographs compared to cone beam computed tomography images (CBCT) used to diagnose some procedural accidents. Material and methods: Eleven extracted molars were used in this study. A total of 18 perforations and 13 ledges were created artifically and 10 instruments were fractured in the root canals. Digital intraoral periapical radiographs from two angles and CBCT scans were made with the teeth fixed in position. The images were evaluated and the number of detected accidents were stated in percentages. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi square-test. Results: On digital periapical radiographs the evaluators identified 12 (66.66%) perforations, 10 (100 %) separated instruments and 10 (76.9%) created ledges. The CBCT scans made possible the recognition of 17 (94.66 %) perforations, 9 (90 %) separated instruments and 13 (100%) ledges. The totally recognized accidental procedures showed significant differences between the two groups. (p<0.05) Conclusion: Digital periapical radiographs are the most common imaging modalities used during endodontic treatments. Though, the CBCT allows a better identification of the procedural accidents.
To Be or Not to Be … Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Irina Pintilie , Alina Scridon , Constantin Șerban Răzvan 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Introduction: The association between ST segment abnormalities, elevated cardiac enzymes, and chest pain is usually a marker of acute coronary injury. However, certain other pathologies can sometimes mimic acute coronary syndromes.

Case report: A 40-year-old Caucasian male, former smoker, with no other cardiovascular risk factors, presented to the Emergency Department for typical ischemic, prolonged chest pain. The ECG demonstrated inverted T waves in leads I, II, aVL, and V3 to V6. The patient presented high cardiac necrosis markers (troponin I 2.65 ng/ml). Based on these findings, the case was interpreted as non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, but coronary angiography excluded the presence of significant coronary lesions. The ventriculography showed an efficient left ventricle, with mild hypokinesia of the two apical thirds of the anterior left ventricular wall. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated areas of hypersignal on the T2-weighted imaging sequence in the left ventricular myocardium, suggestive for acute myocarditis. The patient was started on antiplatelet, beta-blocker, and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, with favorable evolution.

Conclusion: This case underlines the polymorphic appearance of acute myocarditis, which can often mimic an acute coronary event.
In Vitro Interactions of Diclofenac with Several Types of Food
Authors: Ibolya Fülöp , Dumitru Croitoru Mircea , Andrea Vajda , Irén Jakab , Erzsébet Fogarasi 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate how the membrane transport of diclofenac on presence of different types of food is modified.

Methods: The interaction of diclofenac, as a pure substance and solid dispersions of the active ingredient, with different types of foods was investigated in vitro condition using a modified Franz diffusion cell.

Results: The amount of diclofenac transported through a lipophilic membrane was reduced by the presence of foodstuffs in artificial gastric juice and intestinal juice also, both in the case of the pure substance and solid dispersions also. The only exception was the case of milk in artificial gastric juice, when the amount of diclofenac in the receiving compartment increased about 2-fold compared to the fasted conditions simulating media. In the case of the solid dispersions of diclofenac the membrane transport increased in all cases compared to the pure substance, but was also reduced by the foods.

Conclusions: It was concluded that, the presence of different foodstuffs can influence the membrane transport of diclofenac – by inhibiting its solubility – and these differences observed in vitro can lead to modifications in the in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters. The lowest difference in diclofenac membrane transport was observed in the case of diclofenac:PEG 6000 solid dispersion prepared in 1:5 mass ratio.
Could Codeine Containing OTC Analgesics Sold in Romania be Used as Recreational Drugs?
Authors: Dumitru Croitoru Mircea , Erzsébet Fogarasi , Erzsébet Varga , Adelina Chelaru , Monica-Simina Căliman , Ibolya Fülop 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Objective: Analgesic medicines containing combinations of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and codeine are available without prescription. Codeine, in these combinations can not be used recreationally due to the high toxicity profile of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. However, methods for extracting codeine from these types of medication are available on the internet. The purpose of this work is to evaluate if codeine can be extracted from codeine containing analgesics sold without prescription.

Methods: High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection was used to measure the amounts of codeine and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs recovered after applying an extraction method described on the internet.

Results: The results show that codeine can be very easily separated from NSAID as aspirin, acetaminophen, ibuprofen using the cold water extraction method. However, very large differences (20 to 90%) were recorded for the recovery of codeine depending on the OTC product that was used. That large difference increases the risk of potentially lethal overdoses when the user switches between “similar” products.

Conclusions: Our work shows that analgesic medication with codeine content can be recreationally used after the extraction of codeine. In order to prevent this, the sell of this type of products should be regulated or products that do not allow the extraction of codeine should be developed.
Lyme Meningoradiculitis: Case Reports and Literature Review
Authors: Smaranda Maier , Nicoleta Stirbu , Zoltan Bajko , Anca Moţăţăianu , Brânduşa Ţilea , Adrian Alexandrescu , Rodica Bălaşa 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The clinical manifestations of Lyme disease are protean. The meningoradiculitis is a common and well-recognized complication of neuroborreliosis but can be easily misdiagnosed without a high degree of clinical suspicion, mainly if the tick bite is not present in the medical history. We report two cases of Lyme meningoradiculitis with excellent outcome after appropriate antibiotic therapy. In an endemic area in case of neurological manifestations suggestive for neuroborreliosis the serological testing for B. burgdorferi in serum and cerebrospinal fluid is imperative for the correct diagnosis.