bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of tillage, subsidiary crops and fertilisation on plant‐parasitic nematodes in a range of agro‐environmental conditions within Europe
Authors: Schmidt J.H. , Bergkvist G. , Campiglia E. , Radicetti E. , Wittwer R.A. , Finckh M.R. , Hallmann J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe overall goal in nematode management is to develop sustainable systems where nematode populations are kept under the economic damage threshold. Conservation tillage and subsidiary crops, applied as cover crops and living mulches, generally improve soil health by increasing soil organic matter content and stimulating soil microbial activity. However, more permanent crop and weed cover associated with subsidiary crops and noninversion tillage, respectively, may benefit plant‐parasitic nematodes with broad host spectra such as Meloidogyne and Pratylenchus. These genera are major constraints to many field crops throughout Europe and there is a need to identify effective and reliable management options that can be applied to avoid excessive infestations. The dynamics of the indigenous fauna of plant‐parasitic nematodes were studied in eight coordinated multi‐environment field experiments (MEEs) under four agro‐environmental conditions in Europe (Continental, Nemoral, Atlantic North and Mediterranean North). The MEEs consisted of a 2‐year sequence of wheat combined with a living mulch or subsequent cover crops and second main crops maize, potatoes or tomatoes depending on site. Additionally, the effects of inversion tillage using the plough were compared with various forms of conservation tillage (no‐tillage, shallow and deep noninversion tillage). Overall, Helicotylenchus, Paratylenchus, Pratylenchus and Tylenchorhynchus were the most frequent genera across sites while Meloidogyne occurred only in Germany at very low densities. During the wheat–maize sequences in Switzerland, the populations of Pratylenchus increased from 63 to 146 nematodes per 100 mL soil and Helicotylenchus from 233 to 632 nematodes per 100 mL soil. The effects of tillage on plant‐parasitic nematodes were generally minor, although no tillage in Italy supported higher densities of Pratylenchus (184 nematodes per 100 mL soil) than inversion tillage (59 nematodes per 100 mL soil). Furthermore, Pratylenchus densities were 160 nematodes per 100 mL soil when leguminous subsidiary crops were grown, 122 nematodes per 100 mL soil in the green fallow and 84 nematodes per 100 mL soil after growing black oat (Avena strigosa) or oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus). The differences were greatest in Italy, in a sandy soil with low organic matter. Application of compost or nitrogen fertiliser had no consistent effects on plant‐parasitic nematodes. We conclude that crop rotations including specific subsidiary crops are prominent factors affecting the indigenous nematode community, while tillage and fertiliser are of lower importance.
Dopamine D4 receptor activation restores CA1 LTP in hippocampal slices from aged mice
Authors: Guo Fangli , Zhao Jianhua , Zhao Dandan , Wang Jiangang , Wang Xiaofang , Feng Zhiwei , Vreugdenhil Martin , Lu Chengbiao 
Published: October 2017

SummaryNormal aging is characterized with a decline in hippocampal memory functions that is associated with changes in long‐term potentiation (LTP) of the CA3‐to‐CA1 synapse. Age‐related deficit of the dopaminergic system may contribute to impairment of CA1 LTP. Here we assessed how the modulation of CA1 LTP by dopamine is affected by aging and how it is dependent on the Ca2+ source. In slices from adult mice, the initial slope of the field potential showed strong LTP, but in slices from aged mice LTP was impaired. Dopamine did not affect LTP in adult slices, but enhanced LTP in aged slices. The dopamine D1/D5 receptor (D1R/D5R) agonist SKF‐81297 did not affect LTP in adult but caused a relative small increase in LTP in aged slices; however, although there was no difference in dopamine D4 receptor (D4R) expression, the D4R agonist PD168077 increased LTP in aged slices to a magnitude similar to that in adult slices. The N‐Methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor antagonist D‐AP5 reduced LTP in adult slices, but not in aged slices. However, in the presence of D‐AP5, PD168077 completely blocked LTP in aged slices. The voltage‐dependent calcium channel (VDCC) blocker nifedipine reduced LTP in adult slices, but surprisingly enhanced LTP in aged slices. Furthermore, in the presence of nifedipine, PD168077 caused a strong enhancement of LTP in aged slices to a magnitude exceeding LTP in adult slices. Our results indicate that the full rescue of impaired LTP in aging by the selective D4R activation and that a large potentiation role on LTP by co‐application of D4R agonist and VDCC blocker may provide novel strategies for the intervention of cognitive decline of aging and age‐related diseases.
Are paper winners gamblers? Evidence from Australian retail investors
Authors: Frino Alex , Lepone Grace , Wright Danika 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis study examines stock market gambling using a comprehensive set of investor characteristics and past portfolio performance measures. We find that retail investors overinvest in ‘lottery stocks’, stocks with gambling‐like properties. Significant portfolio underperformance is the result of gambling through lottery stocks. Investors are more likely to gamble following recent portfolio paper gains, regardless of realised performance, providing new evidence that paper gains trigger a house money effect. Investors trading greater values or holding more stocks, and older and female investors, are less likely to invest in lottery stocks.
Human health and pesticide use in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Sheahan Megan , Barrett Christopher B. , Goldvale Casey 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWhile pesticides–such as insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides–are often promoted as inputs that increase agricultural productivity by limiting a range of pre‐harvest losses, their use may have negative human health and labor productivity implications. We explore the relationship between pesticide use and the value of crop output at the plot level and a range of human health outcomes at the household level using large‐scale, nationally representative panel survey data from four Sub‐Saharan African countries where more than 10% of main season cultivators use pesticides. We find that pesticide use is strongly correlated with increased value of harvest, but is also correlated with higher costs associated with human illness, including increased health expenditures and time lost from work due to sickness in the recent past. We take these results as suggestive that the findings of more targeted studies are indeed generalizable beyond their original, purposively chosen samples.
Propensity score matching analysis of the impact of Syntax score and Syntax score II on new onset atrial fibrillation development in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Rencuzogullari Ibrahim , Çağdaş Metin , Karakoyun Suleyman , Yesin Mahmut , Gürsoy Mustafa O. , Artaç İnanç , İliş Doğan , Efe Suleyman C. , Tanboga Ibrahim H. 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundNew‐onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) is a common complication in the setting of ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and worsened short/long‐term prognosis. Several clinical parameters have already been associated with NOAF development. However, relationship between NOAF and coronary artery disease (CAD) severity in STEMI patients is unclear. This study evaluates the relationship between NOAF and CAD severity using Syntax score (SS) and Syntax score II (SSII) in STEMI patients who were treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI).MethodWe enrolled 1,565 consecutive STEMI patients who were treated with pPCI. Patients with NOAF were compared to patients without NOAF in the entire study population and in a matched population defined by propensity score matching.ResultsPatients with NOAF had significantly higher SS and SSII than those without, both in the matched population (18.6 ± 4 vs 16.75 ± 3.6; p < .001 and 42 ± 13.4 vs 35.1 ± 13.1; p < .001, respectively), and in all study population (18.6 ± 4 vs 16.5 ± 4.6; p < .001 and 42 ± 13.3 vs 31.5 ± 11.9; p < .001 respectively). SSII, compared to its components, was the only independent predictor of NOAF (OR: 1,041 95% CI: 1.015–1.068; p = .002). In the long‐term follow‐up, all‐cause long‐term mortality was significantly higher in patients with NOAF than those without NOAF (23.3% vs. 11%; p = .032).ConclusionThis is the first study to comprehensively examine the relationship between NOAF development and CAD severity using SS and SSII. We demonstrated that, in STEMI patients, high SSII was significantly related to NOAF and was an independent predictor of NOAF. Furthermore, patients with NOAF were associated with poor prognosis.
Type of vascular invasion in association with progress of endometrial cancer
Authors: Visser Nicole C.M. , Werner Henrica M.J. , Krakstad Camilla , Mauland Karen K. , Trovik Jone , Massuger Leon F.A.G. , Nagtegaal Iris D. , Pijnenborg Johanna M.A. , Salvesen Helga B. , Bulten Johan , Stefansson Ingunn M. 
Published: October 2017

Vascular invasion (VI) is a well‐established marker for lymph node metastasis and outcome in endometrial cancer. Our study explored whether specific types of VI, defined as lymphatic (LVI) or blood vessel invasion (BVI), predict pattern of metastasis. From a prospectively collected cohort, we conducted a case–control study by selecting three groups of endometrial cancer patients (n = 183): 52 with positive lymph nodes at primary surgery, 33 with negative nodes at primary surgery and later recurrence and death from disease, and 98 with negative nodes and no recurrence. All patients underwent hysterectomy with lymphadenectomy. Immunohistochemical staining with D2‐40 and CD31 antibodies was used to differentiate between BVI and LVI. By immunohistochemical staining, detection of VI increased from 24.6 to 36.1% of the cases. LVSI was significantly more often seen in patients with positive lymph nodes compared with patients with negative nodes (p = 0.001). BVI was significantly more often seen in node‐negative patients with recurrence compared with node‐negative patients without recurrence (p = 0.011). In multivariable analysis, BVI, age, and tumor grade were predictors separating patients with and without recurrence. Lymph node–positive patients showed more often LVI compared with lymph node–negative patients, while BVI seems to be a predictor for recurrent disease.
Prospective randomized controlled trial comparing partially absorbable lightweight mesh and multifilament polyester anatomical mesh in laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair
Authors: Wong John CC , Yang George PC , Cheung Tony PP , Li Michael KW 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIntroductionTension‐free mesh repair is currently the gold standard treatment for inguinal hernia. Recent evidence has shown that both open and laparoscopic approaches to inguinal hernia repair can achieve good results. Lots of meshes with different properties are available on the market, but direct comparisons between them are scare. We conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial comparing a partially absorbable lightweight mesh (ULTRAPRO™) and a multifilament polyester anatomical mesh (Parietex™) in laparoscopic total extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair.MethodsThis study was a single‐center, prospective randomized controlled trial to compare the surgical handling and clinical outcomes between two different types of meshes. All operations were performed using a standardized operative protocol. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Hong Kong East Cluster Health Service in 2009 (reference number: 2009‐087). The study was registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12610000031066).ResultsFrom October 2009 to August 2011, 85 laparoscopic total extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repairs were performed. The mean mesh handling time was 152 s for the ULTRAPRO group and 206 s for the Parietex group (P = 0.001). There were three cases of seroma formation in the ULTRAPRO group and nine in the Parietex group (P = 0.02). The overall recurrence rate was 2.5%.ConclusionIt took less time to manipulate the flat mesh (ULTRAPRO) than the anatomical mesh (Parietex) in laparoscopic total extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair, but the time difference was small. Lightweight mesh and heavyweight mesh offered similar clinical outcomes in terms of discomfort sensation and foreign body sensation during long‐term follow‐up.
Scanning the body, sequencing the genome: Dealing with unsolicited findings
Authors: Wouters Roel H. P. , Cornelis Candice , Newson Ainsley J. , Bunnik Eline M. , Bredenoord Annelien L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe introduction of novel diagnostic techniques in clinical domains such as genomics and radiology has led to a rich ethical debate on how to handle unsolicited findings that result from these innovations. Yet while unsolicited findings arise in both genomics and radiology, most of the relevant literature to date has tended to focus on only one of these domains. In this article, we synthesize and critically assess similarities and differences between “scanning the body” and “sequencing the genome” from an ethical perspective. After briefly describing the novel diagnostic contexts leading to unsolicited findings, we synthesize and reflect on six core ethical issues that relate to both specialties: terminology; benefits and risks; autonomy; disclosure of unsolicited findings to children; uncertainty; and filters and routine screening. We identify ethical rationales that pertain to both fields and may contribute to more ethically sound policies. Considerations of preserving public trust and ensuring that people perceive healthcare policies as fair also support the need for a combined debate.
Taking an instrumental genesis lens: New insights into collaborative mobile learning
Authors: Cerratto Pargman Teresa , Nouri Jalal , Milrad Marcelo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we argue that in order to gain a deeper understanding of collaborative mobile learning in schools, it is important to know not only how mobile devices affect collaborative learning but also how collaborative learning emerges and is mediated by these devices. We develop our argument by applying the instrumental genesis theory and the collective instrumented activities and situations model for the analysis of learners' collaborative learning in the tablet‐mediated classroom. This analysis is grounded in data collected in four elementary Swedish schools (ie, from fourth to eighth grade). From the data, we considered the learners' conversation in English as a foreign language, inquiry‐based learning in the natural sciences classroom and game‐based learning in the arithmetic classroom. On the one hand, the scrutiny of these specific activities led us to distinguish the pragmatic, epistemic, and reflexive instrumental mediations that have already been theorized in the instrumental genesis theory. On the other hand, they helped us to identify two additional ones, which we call emotional and spatial. Based on these findings, we claim that collaboration in the tablet‐mediated classroom is a complex activity that emerges from a variety of instrumental mediations that configure contemporary collaborative mobile learning.
Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate can evade androgen deprivation, with emergence of castrate‐tolerant cells
Authors: Porter Laura H. , Hashimoto Kohei , Lawrence Mitchell G. , Pezaro Carmel , Clouston David , Wang Hong , Papargiris Melissa , Thorne Heather , Li Jason ,   kConFab, Ryan Andrew , Norden Sam , Moon Daniel , Bolton Damien M. , Sengupta Shomik , Frydenberg Mark , Murphy Declan G. , Risbridger Gail P. , Taylor Renea A. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveTo determine the relevance of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC‐P) in advanced prostate cancer by first examining whether IDC‐P was originally present in patients who later developed advanced prostate cancer and then using patient‐derived xenografts (PDXs) to investigate the response of IDC‐P to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).Materials and MethodsWe conducted a retrospective pathology review of IDC‐P in primary prostate biopsy or surgery specimens from 38 men who subsequently developed advanced prostate cancer. Overall survival was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. To demonstrate the response of IDC‐P to ADT, we established PDXs from seven patients with familial and/or high‐risk sporadic prostate cancer. After castration and testosterone restoration of host mice, we measured the volume and proliferation of IDC‐P within PDX grafts.ResultsWe found that IDC‐P was a prominent feature in the primary prostate specimens, present in 63% of specimens and often co‐existing with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Overall survival was similar in patients with or without IDC‐P. In the PDXs from all seven patients, IDC‐P was identified and present at a similar volume to adenocarcinoma. Residual IDC‐P lesions persisted after host castration and, similar to castrate‐tolerant adenocarcinoma, testosterone restoration led to tumour regeneration.ConclusionThe study showed that IDC‐P is prevalent in aggressive prostate cancer and contains cells that can withstand androgen deprivation. Thus, IDC‐P appears functionally relevant in advanced prostate cancer. The presence of IDC‐P may be a trigger to develop innovative clinical management plans.
Extracranial outflow of particles solved in cerebrospinal fluid: Fluorescein injection study
Authors: Akai Takuya , Hatta Toshihisa , Shimada Hiroki , Mizuki Keiji , Kudo Nae , Hatta Taizo , Otani Hiroki 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTCerebrospinal fluid is thought to be mainly absorbed into arachnoid granules in the subarachnoid space and drained into the sagittal sinus. However, some observations such as late outbreak of arachnoid granules in fetus brain and recent cerebrospinal fluid movements study by magnetic resonance images, conflict with this hypothesis. In this study, we investigated the movement of cerebrospinal fluid in fetuses. Several kinds of fluorescent probes with different molecular weights were injected into the lateral ventricle or subarachnoid space in mouse fetuses at a gestational age of 13 days. The movements of the probes were monitored by live imaging under fluorescent microscope. Following intraventricular injection, the probes dispersed into the 3rd ventricle and aqueduct immediately, but did not move into the 4th ventricle and spinal canal. After injection of low and high molecular weight conjugated probes, both probes dispersed into the brain but only the low molecular weight probe dispersed into the whole body. Following intra‐subarachnoid injection, both probes diffused into the spinal canal gradually. Neither probe dispersed into the brain and body. The probe injected into the lateral ventricle moved into the spinal central canal by the fetus head compression, and returned into the aqueduct by its release. We conclude this study as follows: (i) The movement of metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles will be restricted by molecular weight; (ii) Cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricle and in the subarachnoid space move differently; and (iii) Cerebrospinal fluid may not appear to circulate. In the event of high intracranial pressure, the fluid may move into the spinal canal.
Effects of time since fire on frog occurrence are altered by isolation, vegetation and fire frequency gradients
Authors: Westgate Martin J. , MacGregor Christopher , Scheele Ben C. , Driscoll Don A. , Lindenmayer David B. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAimTo quantify how frogs in terrestrial environments respond to recurrent fire, and to what extent this is mediated by isolation from breeding sites or vegetation structure.LocationJervis Bay, south‐eastern Australia.MethodsWe used data from 8 years of pitfall trapping, collected via a random stratified design, to quantify frog occurrence at 110 locations. We then used an information theoretic approach to compare 13 logistic generalized linear mixed models, each of which related frog occurrence to a distinct combination of additive and interactive effects of fire, vegetation structure and proximity to known breeding sites.ResultsFor all four species, the effect of one or more fire variables on frog occurrence depended on both the density of breeding sites in the surrounding area, or on the vegetation structure at the trap locality. A classic “fire averse” response of initial declines followed by post‐fire recovery did occur, but only in frequently burned, low‐quality terrestrial habitats (i.e., heath vegetation for Uperoleia tyleri, or locations with few available breeding sites for the remaining species), or in some cases, when suitable habitats were infrequently burned. However, a “fire‐dependent” result of negative effects of time since fire was also evident for some species and contexts.Main conclusionsThe effect of fire on frog occurrence can be mediated by environment. Therefore, a single species could be identified as either “fire dependent” or “fire averse” depending on the combination of isolation, vegetation types and fire histories in the study region. Failure to account for the context specificity of fire response curves could lead to incomplete conclusions regarding the effect of time since fire—or the cumulative impacts of multiple fires—on faunal assemblages.
Climate, host phylogeny and the connectivity of host communities govern regional parasite assembly
Authors: Clark Nicholas J. , Clegg Sonya M. , Sam Katerina , Goulding William , Koane Bonny , Wells Konstans 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAimIdentifying barriers that govern parasite community assembly and parasite invasion risk is critical to understand how shifting host ranges impact disease emergence. We studied regional variation in the phylogenetic compositions of bird species and their blood parasites (Plasmodium and Haemoproteus spp.) to identify barriers that shape parasite community assembly.LocationAustralasia and Oceania.MethodsWe used a data set of parasite infections from >10,000 host individuals sampled across 29 bioregions. Hierarchical models and matrix regressions were used to assess the relative influences of interspecies (host community connectivity and local phylogenetic distinctiveness), climate and geographic barriers on parasite local distinctiveness and composition.ResultsParasites were more locally distinct (co‐occurred with distantly related parasites) when infecting locally distinct hosts, but less distinct (co‐occurred with closely related parasites) in areas with increased host diversity and community connectivity (a proxy for parasite dispersal potential). Turnover and the phylogenetic symmetry of parasite communities were jointly driven by host turnover, climate similarity and geographic distance.Main conclusionsInterspecies barriers linked to host phylogeny and dispersal shape parasite assembly, perhaps by limiting parasite establishment or local diversification. Infecting hosts that co‐occur with few related species decreases a parasite's likelihood of encountering related competitors, perhaps increasing invasion potential but decreasing diversification opportunity. While climate partially constrains parasite distributions, future host range expansions that spread distinct parasites and diminish barriers to host shifting will likely be key drivers of parasite invasions.