bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bizarre cell dysplasia of the cervix
Authors: Ondič Ondrej , Ferko Radoslav , Kašpírková Jana , Švajdler Marián , Rýchly Boris , Talarčík Peter , Bouda Jiří , Michal Michal 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was the characterization of a new subtype of high‐grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) with enlarged cells containing bizarre nuclei: so‐called bizarre cell dysplasia (BCD).MethodsA total of 29 cervical cone biopsy samples of this type of dysplasia were studied. Multi‐target polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization human papillomavirus (HPV) detection was performed in all cases. BCD was defined as a subtype of HSIL characterized by the presence of large dysplastic cells with abnormal, large pleomorphic nuclei or multinucleation causing nucleomegaly. This results in bizarre nuclear shapes. Bizarre cells are scattered throughout the whole thickness of the dysplastic squamous epithelium.ResultsThe BCD lesions arise within the conventional/classic high grade or “bland” type squamous dysplasia HSIL. Statistically they were significantly associated with HVP type 16. A significant association with other studied viruses (Herpes simplex virus [HSV]1, HSV2, Varicella zoster virus, Epstein–Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus 6, and human polyomaviruses BK and JC) was not confirmed.ConclusionsBCD involves cytologically characteristic morphologic changes that are recognizable, but which may pose some risk of misdiagnosis as low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion due to the enlargement of dysplastic cells and multinucleation. Based on the unique histological, cytological and biological features of BCD including strong association with HPV 16 infection, we believe that this is a specific, and so far unrecognized variant of HSIL.
Clinical significance and predicting indicators of post‐cancer‐treatment survival in terminally ill patients with ovarian cancer
Authors: Utsumi Fumi , Kajiyama Hiroaki , Niimi Kaoru , Sekiya Ryuichiro , Sakata Jun , Suzuki Shiro , Shibata Kiyosumi , Mizuno Mika , Kikkawa Fumitaka 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimWomen with ovarian cancer (OC) often experience relapse and receive further repetitive chemotherapy. The objective of this study was to overview the remaining survival time after the final chemotherapy and to examine influential clinicopathologic indicators in those patients.MethodsThe medical charts of deceased OC patients who had died of the disease between 2003 and 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. We investigated post‐cancer‐treatment survival (PCS) defined as the interval between the date of the final chemotherapy and death.ResultsIn all, 77 patients were enrolled. Three patients (3.9%) had received chemotherapy in the last 2 weeks. Eight (10.4%), 28 (36.4%), and 44 (57.2%) patients had received chemotherapy in the last 30, 60, and 90 days, respectively. There were no differences in either survival after recurrence or overall survival between the shorter (<75 days) and longer (≥75 days) PCS groups. On the other hand, patients in the shorter PCS group had significantly fewer chances of referral to a hospice or home‐care than those in the latter group (P = 0.035). In multivariable analysis, a poorer performance status, an elevated white blood cell count, and a higher C‐reactive protein value were significantly correlated with a shorter PCS (P = 0.004, 0.006 and 0.027, respectively).ConclusionHalf of the patients received chemotherapy within 75 days of death and we did not identify any survival benefit in patients who received chemotherapy near the end of life. We should provide information to patients about their prognosis and discuss the timing of withdrawal from chemotherapy from the early stage of their recurrence.
Loss‐of‐function mutation of the calcium sensor CBL1 increases aluminum sensitivity in Arabidopsis
Authors: Ligaba‐Osena Ayalew , Fei Zhangjun , Liu Jiping , Xu Yimin , Shaff Jon , Lee Sung‐Chul , Luan Sheng , Kudla Jörg , Kochian Leon , Piñeros Miguel 
Published: February 2017

Summary

Despite the physiological importance of aluminum (Al) phytotoxicity for plants, it remained unknown if, and how, calcineurin B‐like calcium sensors (CBLs) and CBL‐interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) are involved in Al resistance.

We performed a comparative physiological and whole transcriptome investigation of an Arabidopsis CBL1 mutant (cbl1) and the wild‐type (WT).

cbl1 plants exudated less Al‐chelating malate, accumulated more Al, and displayed a severe root growth reduction in response to Al. Genes involved in metabolism, transport, cell wall modification, transcription and oxidative stress were differentially regulated between the two lines, under both control and Al stress treatments. Exposure to Al resulted in up‐regulation of a large set of genes only in WT and not cbl1 shoots, while a different set of genes were down‐regulated in cbl1 but not in WT roots. These differences allowed us, for the first time, to define a calcium‐regulated/dependent transcriptomic network for Al stress responses.

Our analyses reveal not only the fundamental role of CBL1 in the adjustment of central transcriptomic networks involved in maintaining adequate physiological homeostasis processes, but also that a high shoot–root dynamics is required for the proper deployment of Al resistance responses in the root.
Analytic and quality control validation and assessment of field performance of a point‐of‐care chemistry analyzer for use in the White rhinoceros
Authors: Hooijberg Emma H. , Steenkamp Gerhard , du Preez Jacques P. , Goddard Amelia 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundA chemistry point‐of‐care analyzer would be useful for evaluating injured wildlife, particularly White rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) that survive poaching attempts. The IDEXX VetTest could be suitable, but species‐specific validation, development of a statistical quality control (QC) strategy, and evaluation under field conditions are necessary.ObjectivesThe objectives were to (1) validate the VetTest for the White rhinoceros, (2) perform QC validation on the VetTest and generate a statistical QC strategy, and (3) apply this QC strategy to monitor performance under typical field conditions.MethodsDifferences between White rhinoceros heparin plasma and serum, short‐term imprecision, and reportable range using rhinoceros plasma and long‐term imprecision using commercial quality control material (QCM) were assessed against prescribed total allowable error (TEa) for up to 15 analytes. Quality control validation was performed using data from the long‐term imprecision study and TEa. A QC strategy using QCM was developed and used to monitor performance under field conditions.ResultsImprecision was acceptable for all analytes except for ALP, ALT, and AST at low activities. The reportable range for AST and LDH differed from the manufacturer's specifications. Eleven analytes were suitable for statistical QC using the 13s rule, 3 using the 2s rule; ALP was not suitable. In the field, observed error was < TEa for all 15 analytes and the sigma metric was > 3.0 for 12 analytes.ConclusionsThe VetTest is suitable for use in the White rhinoceros. Statistical QC is possible for most analytes and useful for evaluation of field performance.
Mutations during the Adaptation of H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus to the Respiratory Epithelium of Pigs Enhance Sialic Acid Binding Activity and Virulence in Mice
Authors: Yang W. , Punyadarsaniya D. , Lambertz R. L. O. , Lee D. C. C. , Liang C. H. , Höper D. , Leist S. R. , Hernández-Cáceres A. , Stech J. , Beer M. , Wu C. Y. , Wong C. H. , Schughart K. , Meng F. , Herrler G. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
The natural reservoir for influenza viruses is waterfowl, and from there they succeeded in crossing the barrier to different mammalian species. We analyzed the adaptation of avian influenza viruses to a mammalian host by passaging an H9N2 strain three times in differentiated swine airway epithelial cells. Using precision-cut slices from the porcine lung to passage the parental virus, isolates from each of the three passages (P1 to P3) were characterized by assessing growth curves and ciliostatic effects. The only difference noted was an increased growth kinetics of the P3 virus. Sequence analysis revealed four mutations: one each in the PB2 and NS1 proteins and two in the HA protein. The HA mutations, A190V and T212I, were characterized by generating recombinant viruses containing either one or both amino acid exchanges. Whereas the parental virus recognized α2,3-linked sialic acids preferentially, the HA190 mutant bound to a broad spectrum of glycans with α2,6/8/9-linked sialic acids. The HA212 mutant alone differed only slightly from the parental virus; however, the combination of both mutations (HA190+HA212) increased the binding affinity to those glycans recognized by the HA190 mutant. Remarkably, only the HA double mutant showed a significantly increased pathogenicity in mice. In contrast, none of those mutations affected the ciliary activity of the epithelial cells which is characteristic for virulent swine influenza viruses. Taken together, our results indicate that shifts in the HA receptor affinity are just an early adaptation step of avian H9N2 strains; further mutational changes may be required to become virulent for pigs.

IMPORTANCE
Swine play an important role in the interspecies transmission of influenza viruses. Avian influenza A viruses (IAV) of the H9N2 subtype have successfully infected hosts from different species but have not established a stable lineage. We have analyzed the adaptation of IAV-H9N2 virus to target cells of a new host by passaging the virus three times in differentiated porcine respiratory epithelial cells. Among the four mutations detected, the two HA mutations were analyzed by generating recombinant viruses. Depending on the infection system used, the mutations differed in their phenotypic expression, e.g., sialic acid binding activity, replication kinetics, plaque size, and pathogenicity in inbred mice. However, none of the mutations affected the ciliary activity which serves as a virulence marker. Thus, early adaptive mutation enhances the replication kinetics, but more mutations are required for IAV of the H9N2 subtype to become virulent.
Unravelling the Trading Invariance Hypothesis
Authors: Benzaquen Michael , Donier Jonathan , Bouchaud Jean-Philippe 
Published: February 2017

We confirm and substantially extend the recent empirical result of Andersen et al. (Andersen, T. G., O. Bondarenko, A. S. Kyle and A. A. Obizhaeva, 2015, Unpublished), where it is shown that the amount of risk [Formula: see text] exchanged in the E-mini S&P futures market (i.e., price times volume times volatility) scales like the 3/2 power of the number of trades [Formula: see text]. We show that this 3/2-law holds very precisely across 12 futures contracts and 300 single US stocks, and across a wide range of time scales. However, we find that the “trading invariant” [Formula: see text] proposed by Kyle and Obizhaeva is in fact quite different for different contracts, in particular, between futures and single stocks. Our analysis suggests [Formula: see text] as a more natural candidate, where [Formula: see text] is the average spread cost of a trade, defined as the average of the trade size times the bid–ask spread. We also establish two more complex scaling laws for the volatility [Formula: see text] and the traded volume [Formula: see text] as a function of [Formula: see text], that reveal the existence of a characteristic number of trades [Formula: see text] above which the expected behavior [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] hold, but below which strong deviations appear, induced by the size of the tick.
Chapter 7 Andaman–Nicobar Ophiolites, India: origin, evolution and emplacement
Authors: Ghosh Biswajit , Bandyopadhyay Debaditya , Morishita Tomoaki 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Andaman–Nicobar Ophiolites (ANO) occur as discontinuous bodies along the eastern margin of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, the exposed parts of the outer-arc ridge of the present Sunda subduction system. The lithospheric architecture starts with mantle rocks overlain by crustal rocks with a thin transition zone in between. The mantle peridotites and the volcanic rocks exhibit great variability all along the ridge and demonstrate influence of subduction-related magmatism in their origin. Like many Tethyan ophiolites, the ophiolitic rocks of Andaman–Nicobar had their origin in a supra-subduction zone that were juxtaposed tectonically with younger sediments, now exposed on the present outer-arc ridge. The final emplacement of this oceanic lithosphere was unlike typical Tethyan-type ophiolites because, before its final emplacement over the Indo-Burma-Andaman (IBA) microcontinent, the subduction margin was charged with huge sediments from the river delta systems to the north that accreted at the leading age of the overriding plate, similar to some extent to cordilleran-type ophiolites. We propose a two-stage subduction model that displays a sequence of events from birth to resurrection that explains the petrological, geochemical and architectural variations of ANO.

Supplementary material:
The geochemical tables are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3634331.v1
Nonlinear effects of hyperpolarizing shifts in activation of mutant Nav1.7 channels on resting membrane potential
Authors: Estacion Mark , Waxman Stephen G. 
Published: February 2017

The Nav1.7 sodium channel is preferentially expressed within dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and sympathetic ganglion neurons. Gain-of-function mutations that cause the painful disorder inherited erythromelalgia (IEM) shift channel activation in a hyperpolarizing direction. When expressed within DRG neurons, these mutations produce a depolarization of resting membrane potential (RMP). The biophysical basis for the depolarized RMP has to date not been established. To explore the effect on RMP of the shift in activation associated with a prototypical IEM mutation (L858H), we used dynamic-clamp models that represent graded shifts that fractionate the effect of the mutation on activation voltage dependence. Dynamic-clamp recording from DRG neurons using a before-and-after protocol for each cell made it possible, even in the presence of cell-to-cell variation in starting RMP, to assess the effects of these graded mutant models. Our results demonstrate a nonlinear, progressively larger effect on RMP as the shift in activation voltage dependence becomes more hyperpolarized. The observed differences in RMP were predicted by the “late” current of each mutant model. Since the depolarization of RMP imposed by IEM mutant channels is known, in itself, to produce hyperexcitability of DRG neurons, the development of pharmacological agents that normalize or partially normalize activation voltage dependence of IEM mutant channels merits further study. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Inherited erythromelalgia (IEM), the first human pain disorder linked to a sodium channel, is widely regarded as a genetic model of neuropathic pain. IEM is produced by Nav1.7 mutations that hyperpolarize activation. These mutations produce a depolarization of resting membrane potential (RMP) in dorsal root ganglion neurons. Using dynamic clamp to explore the effect on RMP of the shift in activation, we demonstrate a nonlinear effect on RMP as the shift in activation voltage dependence becomes more hyperpolarized.
Novel role of platelet reactivity in adverse left ventricular remodelling after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: The REMODELING Trial
Authors: Park Yongwhi , Tantry Udaya , Koh Jin-Sin , Ahn Jong-Hwa , Kang Min , Kim Kye , Jang Jeong , Park Hyun , Park Jeong-Rang , Hwang Seok-Jae , Park Ki-Soo , Kwak Choong , Hwang Jin-Yong , Gurbel Paul , Jeong Young-Hoon 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThe role of platelet-leukocyte interaction in the infarct myocardium still remains unveiled. We aimed to determine the linkage of platelet activation to post-infarct left ventricular remodelling (LVR) process. REMODELING was a prospective, observational, cohort trial including patients (n = 150) with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Patients were given aspirin plus clopidogrel therapy (600 mg loading and 75 mg daily). Platelet reactivity (PRU: P2Y12 Reaction Units) was assessed with VerifyNow P2Y12 assay on admission. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed on admission and at one-month follow-up. The primary endpoint was the incidence of LVR according to PRU-based quartile distribution. LVR was defined as a relative ≥ 20 % increase in LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) between measurements. Adverse LVR was observed in 36 patients (24.0 %). According to PRU quartile, LVR rate was 10.8 % in the first, 23.1 % in the second, 27.0 % in the third, and 35.1 % in the fourth (p = 0.015): the optimal cut-off of PRU was ≥ 248 (area under curve: 0.643; 95 % confidence interval: 0.543 to 0.744; p = 0.010). LVR rate also increased proportionally according to the level of high sensitivity-C reactive protein (hs-CRP) (p = 0.012). In multivariate analysis, the combination of PRU (≥ 248) and hs-CRP (≥ 1.4 mg/l) significantly increased the predictive value for LVR occurrence by about 21-fold. In conclusion, enhanced levels of platelet activation and inflammation determined the incidence of adverse LVR after STEMI. Combining the measurements of these risk factors increased risk discrimination of LVR. The role of intensified antiplatelet or anti-inflammatory therapy in post-infarct LVR process deserves further study.
Relationship between social support and breastfeeding self-efficacy among women in Tabriz, Iran
Authors: Faridvand Fatemeh , Mirghafourvand Mojgan , Malakouti Jamileh , Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi Sakineh 
Published: February 2017

Background Breastfeeding self-efficacy depends on various psychological, physiological, and social factors. Aims This study aimed to determine the relationship between social support and breastfeeding self-efficacy in women referred to health centers in Tabriz, Iran, during 2015. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out on 220 breastfeeding mothers with infants aged 4–6 months. Data were collected using social support (PRQ-85) and breastfeeding self-efficacy questionnaires. The general linear model was applied to control for confounding variables and determine the relationship between social support and breastfeeding self-efficacy. Findings The mean (standard deviation (SD)) breastfeeding self-efficacy was 138.7 (11.9) of a range of 33–165, about 90% of women had high breastfeeding self-efficacy. The mean (SD) social support score was 141.2 (19.6) of a range of 25–175. Social support was one of the predictors of breastfeeding self-efficacy (P = 0.004), after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Conclusions The women in this study had relatively high breastfeeding self-efficacy. Breastfeeding can be promoted by sensitising families and society to support women.
Characterisation of osteophytes as an autologous bone graft source
Authors: Ishihara K. , Okazaki K. , Akiyama T. , Akasaki Y. , Nakashima Y. 
Published: February 2017

Objectives Osteophytes are products of active endochondral and intramembranous ossification, and therefore could theoretically provide significant efficacy as bone grafts. In this study, we compared the bone mineralisation effectiveness of osteophytes and cancellous bone, including their effects on secretion of growth factors and anabolic effects on osteoblasts. Methods Osteophytes and cancellous bone obtained from human patients were transplanted onto the calvaria of severe combined immunodeficient mice, with Calcein administered intra-peritoneally for fluorescent labelling of bone mineralisation. Conditioned media were prepared using osteophytes and cancellous bone, and growth factor concentration and effects of each graft on proliferation, differentiation and migration of osteoblastic cells were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, MTS ((3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium)) assays, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and migration assays. Results After six weeks, the area of mineralisation was significantly higher for the transplanted osteophytes than for the cancellous bone (43803 μm2, sd 14660 versus 9421 μm2, sd 5032, p = 0.0184, one-way analysis of variance). Compared with cancellous bone, the conditioned medium prepared using osteophytes contained a significantly higher amounts of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (471 pg/ml versus 333 pg/ml, p = 0.0001, Wilcoxon rank sum test), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 (47.75 pg/ml versus 32 pg/ml, p = 0.0214, Wilcoxon rank sum test) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 (314.5 pg/ml versus 191 pg/ml, p = 0.0418, Wilcoxon rank sum test). The stronger effects of osteophytes towards osteoblasts in terms of a higher proliferation rate, upregulation of gene expression of differentiation markers such as alpha-1 type-1 collagen and alkaline phosphate, and higher migration, compared with cancellous bone, was confirmed. Conclusion We provide evidence of favourable features of osteophytes for bone mineralisation through a direct effect on osteoblasts. The acceleration in metabolic activity of the osteophyte provides justification for future studies evaluating the clinical use of osteophytes as autologous bone grafts. Cite this article: K. Ishihara, K. Okazaki, T. Akiyama, Y. Akasaki, Y. Nakashima. Characterisation of osteophytes as an autologous bone graft source: An experimental study in vivo and in vitro. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:73–81. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.62.BJR-2016-0199.R1.
Features of Chemical-Element Abundances in Open Star Clusters of the Galaxy
Authors: Marsakov V. A. , Koval’ V. V. , Gozha M. L. , Shpigel’ L. V. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
On the basis of the authors’ compiled catalog containing spectroscopic abundances of 14 chemical elements for 90 open star clusters of the Galaxy, we show that in the young clusters not only barium but also three other studied elements of slow neutron-capture, Y, La, and Ce, reveal higher relative abundances than those in the field stars, with differences beyond the error limits. We also find that, at high metallicity ([Fe/H]> −0.1), the relative abundances of the r-process element Eu in the clusters with eccentric, high Z
max orbits are lower, and the relative abundances of primary α-elements O and Mg are higher, than the average values for the field giants. At the same time, at lower metallicity, the [Eu/Fe] ratios in the clusters are, on average, the same as in the field, but with a much larger dispersion, and the [O, Mg/Fe] ratios are lower than in the field giants. Taking into account that both α-elements and r-elements are ejected into the interstellar medium as a result of Type II supernova explosions, and that their yields are dependent on the pre-supernova mass, these properties naturally fit into the assumption that the clusters of different metallicity with eccentric, high Z
max orbits are formed by interaction of two types of high-velocity clouds with the interstellar medium of the Galactic disk. On the one hand, these are low-metallicity high-velocity clouds formed from the “primary” gas; on the other hand, there are more metal-rich intermediate-velocity clouds generated in the Galactic “fountain” process.