bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semiotics and education, semioethic perspectives
Authors: Petrilli Susan 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
“Semioethics” is a neologism coined in the early 1980s to highlight the relation between signs and values, identity and otherness. It keeps account of Victoria Welby’s concept of “significs” and of Sebeok’s “global semiotics” with its critique of glottocentric and anthropocentric tendencies. Together both sources, significs and global semiotics, provide the context for contributions from semioethics to education. Semioethics recovers the ancient vocation of semiotics, originally “semeiotics,” for life and its wellbeing. It elicits the importance of applying an interdisciplinary approach and a “detotalizing method” in education by contrast to the totalizing approaches of grand narratives. The human being is endowed with a “primary modeling device,” also called “language,” and with it “syntactics.” Semioethics considers the role of these special characteristics that specify the human being as a human being, a “semiotic animal,” and addresses the human propensity for creativity, critique, and responsibility for health over the globe, both in terms of physical-organic materiality, the body, and of semiotic materiality, signs and values. These characteristics can be developed and enhanced through a specifically “linguistic education” with a particular emphasis on otherness, dialogue, and listening. Practicing semioethics becomes more pressing in the face of the relational dynamics between the historical-social and biological spheres, between culture and nature, between semiosphere and biosphere, and between semiotics, biosemiotics, and education.
Impact of Entropy Generation on Stagnation-Point Flow of Sutterby Nanofluid: A Numerical Analysis
Authors: Azhar Ehtsham , Iqbal Z. , Maraj E.N. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The present article dicusses the computational analysis of entropy generation for the stagnation-point flow of Sutterby nanofluid over a linear stretching plate. The Sutterby fluid is chosen to study the effect for three major classes of non-Newtonian fluids, i.e. pseudoplastic, Newtonian, and dilatant. The effects of pertinent physical parameters are examined under the approximation of boundary layer. The system of coupled nonlinear partial differential equations is simplified by incorporating suitable similarity transformation into a system of non-linear-coupled ordinary differential equations. Entropy generation analysis is conducted numerically, and the results are displayed through graphs and tables. Significant findings are listed in the closing remarks.
Structural and spectral study of coordination of 4,4′-dimethoxy-2,2′-bipyridine toward Zn(II) and Cd(II) containing thiocyanato or azido ligands
Authors: Marandi Farzin , Moeini Keyvan , Rudbari Hadi Amiri 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Three new compounds of zinc(II) and cadmium(II) with the ligand 4,4′-dimethoxy-2,2′-bipyridine (4,4′-dmo-2,2′-bpy), including cis-[Zn(4,4′-dmo-2,2′-bpy)2(SCN)2] (1), cis-[Cd(4,4′-dmo-2,2′-bpy)2(SCN)2] (2), and [Cd3(4,4′-dmo-2,2′-bpy)3(N3)5(OAc)]
n
(3), have been obtained as white single crystals by the branched tube method and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR and 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography. Single-crystal structure analyses of the isostructural complexes 1 and 2 showed distorted octahedral geometry for zinc(II) and cadmium(II) with ZnN6 and CdN6 environments. Complex 3 reveals a rare coordination polymer containing octahedrally coordinated cadmium(II) expanding to chains by two different bridging modes, including Cd‒O‒C‒O‒Cd and Cd‒N‒Cd.
Penicilloitins A and B, new antimicrobial fatty acid esters from a marine endophytic Penicillium species
Authors: Mourshid Samar S.A. , Badr Jihan M. , Risinger April L. , Mooberry Susan L. , Youssef Diaa T.A. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Two new antimicrobial fatty acid esters, penicilloitins A and B (1 and 2), along with α-cyclopiazonic acid (3), tryptamine (4) and indole-3-carbaldehyde (5), were isolated from mycelial extracts and the culture broth of a marine endophytic Penicillium species and their structures established by spectroscopic techniques including 1D (1H NMR and 13C NMR) and 2D NMR (COSY, multiplicity-edited HSQC, and HMBC) as well as HRESIMS. Of these compounds, 1, 3 and 4 displayed modest antimicrobial activity.
IFNλ is a potent anti‐influenza therapeutic without the inflammatory side effects of IFNα treatment
Authors: Davidson Sophia , McCabe Teresa M , Crotta Stefania , Gad Hans Henrik , Hessel Edith M , Beinke Soren , Hartmann Rune , Wack Andreas 
Published: August 2016

AbstractInfluenza A virus (IAV)‐induced severe disease is characterized by infected lung epithelia, robust inflammatory responses and acute lung injury. Since type I interferon (IFNαβ) and type III interferon (IFNλ) are potent antiviral cytokines with immunomodulatory potential, we assessed their efficacy as IAV treatments. IFNλ treatment of IAV‐infected Mx1‐positive mice lowered viral load and protected from disease. IFNα treatment also restricted IAV replication but exacerbated disease. IFNα treatment increased pulmonary proinflammatory cytokine secretion, innate cell recruitment and epithelial cell death, unlike IFNλ‐treatment. IFNλ lacked the direct stimulatory activity of IFNα on immune cells. In epithelia, both IFNs induced antiviral genes but no inflammatory cytokines. Similarly, human airway epithelia responded to both IFNα and IFNλ by induction of antiviral genes but not of cytokines, while hPBMCs responded only to IFNα. The restriction of both IFNλ responsiveness and productive IAV replication to pulmonary epithelia allows IFNλ to limit IAV spread through antiviral gene induction in relevant cells without overstimulating the immune system and driving immunopathology. We propose IFNλ as a non‐inflammatory and hence superior treatment option for human IAV infection.
Variação temporal de nutrientes N P K na serapilheira de duas fisionomias do domínio cerrado, Gurupi - TO
Authors: Teixeira Paulo Ricardo , Ferreira Rômullo Quirino de Souza , Camargo Marília Oliveira , Souza Priscila Bezerra de , Tavares Rodrigo De Castro 
Published: August 2016

<p>objetivou-se avaliar o retorno de macronutrientes (N, P, K) produzido em duas fisionomias do domínio Cerrado, sendo, uma fisionomia de cerrado <em>sensu stricto</em> (<em>s.s</em>) e outra de mata ciliar, ambas as áreas localizadas na Fazenda Experimental da Universidade Federal do Tocantins, <em>Campus</em> de Gurupi - TO. As amostras foram submetidas a análise de rotina para os macronutrientes N, P e K. Os maiores valores de precipitação foram registrados no período de novembro de 2012 a abril de 2013. Os maiores teores de nutrientes na fisionomia cerrado <em>sensu stricto</em> foram depositadas no final da estação seca. Os menores teores de nutrientes foram encontrados no início da estação chuvosa. Na fisionomia de mata ciliar os teores de nutrientes nitrogênio e fósforo ocorreram de forma variável. A folha foi a fração que apresentou maior teor de nutrientes devido à grande deposição de serapilheira que ela apresentou durante o período de estudo.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>N P K nutrientes time variation of leaflitter from two cerrado biome physiognomies in Gurupi - TO</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>this study aimed to evaluate the return of macronutrients (N, P, K) produced in two Cerrado biome physiognomies, being one cerrado stricto sensu (ss) and the other Riparian forest, both areas located at the Experimental Farm of the Tocantins Federal University, Campus of Gurupi - TO. Samples were sent to the UFT Gurupi Campus Soils Laboratory - TO, where routine analysis for macronutrients N, P and K took place. The highest precipitation amounts were recorded in the period from November 2012 to April 2013. The highest nutrient levels in the cerrado stricto sensu were deposited at the end of the dry season. The lower levels of nutrients were found in beginning of the rainy season. In the riparian physiognomy the contents of phosphorus and nitrogen nutrients occurred in varying degrees. The leaf fraction showed the highest nutrient content due to the large deposition of litter it presented during the study period.</p>
Systemic Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Leukotoxin‐Neutralizing Antibodies in Periodontitis
Authors: Johansson Anders , Buhlin Kåre , Sorsa Timo , Pussinen Pirkko J. 
Published: August 2016

Background: Leukotoxin (Ltx) expressed by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a powerful exotoxin, which can cause imbalance in host response. Immunoreactivity to Ltx is a marker for presence of leukotoxic A. actinomycetemcomitans, a presence that may modify the disease pattern of colonized individuals. The aim of the present study is to examine presence of systemic immunoreactivity to A. actionmycetemcomitans Ltx with respect to clinical and inflammatory findings in individuals with or without periodontitis (N = 88).Methods: Periodontal status was examined in patients with severe periodontitis (n = 49) and healthy controls (n = 39), and patients received periodontal treatment. Systemic biomarkers associated with inflammation and infections as well as clinical parameters were analyzed at baseline and 3 and 6 months after treatment.Results: Presence of immunoreactivity against Ltx was associated with impaired remission of disease after periodontal treatment. This immunoreactivity was also significantly associated with increased systemic levels of A. actinomycetemcomitans‐specific immunoglobulins and increasing age.Conclusion: Presence and levels of systemic immunoreactivity against A. actinomycetemcomitans Ltx are associated with decreased remission after otherwise successful periodontal treatment.
Validity of Self‐Reported Periodontal Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Abbood Hadeel M. , Hinz Juliane , Cherukara George , Macfarlane Tatiana V. 
Published: August 2016

Background: Periodontal disease (PdD) has been shown to be related to other systemic diseases. However, to assess this relationship, large epidemiologic studies are required. Such studies need validated self‐report measures. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the validity of self‐reported measures in the diagnosis of PdD.Methods: The review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Medline, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched up to January 2016. Two periodontal journals were searched manually. Two reviewers independently made selected studies and extracted data. All disagreements were resolved after discussion with a third reviewer. Risk of bias was evaluated. Sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio, and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Of 933 papers found, 11 were selected for the review. All studies, except two, had acceptable quality. Four comparable studies were selected for meta‐analysis.Results: Study size ranged from 114 to 1,426 participants. Sensitivity and specificity ranged from 4% to 93% and 58% to 94%, respectively. Diagnostic odds ratio was 1.4 (95% CI: 0.9 to 2.2) for the question on bleeding gums and 11.7 (95% CI: 4.1 to 33.4) for the question on tooth mobility. Heterogeneity was low for most questions except those on painful gums and tooth mobility.Conclusions: Self‐reported PdD has acceptable validity and can be used for surveillance of PdD in large epidemiologic studies. However, there is a need for large, well‐designed diagnostic studies.
Effect of Viscosity on Oil Production by Cocurrent and Countercurrent Imbibition From Cores With Two Ends Open
Authors: Meng Qingbang , Liu Huiqing , Wang Jing 
Published: August 2016

Summary
Spontaneous imbibition is an important mechanism of oil recovery in naturally fractured reservoirs. The flow of oil from matrix system to fracture system will generally involve both cocurrent and countercurrent imbibition. Understanding the mechanism of cocurrent and countercurrent imbibition is essential in oil recovery from fractured reservoirs. In the previous work, we focused on the purely cocurrent imbibition (Meng et al. 2015), and we now focus on the combination of cocurrent and countercurrent imbibition. In this paper, a new mathematical model, which could be used to simulate the combination of cocurrent and countercurrent imbibition with the two-ends-open oil/water (TEO-OW) boundary condition, is developed. In the TEO-OW boundary condition, one end face of the core is exposed to water and the other is exposed to oil. Experiments of spontaneous imbibition with the TEO-OW boundary condition were performed. Air and oil were used as the nonwetting phase in the experiments to obtain different viscosities ranging from 0.018 to 103.4 cp. The porous media used in the experiments were packed with glass beads or quartz sand, both of which were strongly water-wet. The geometry of the glass beads is spherical and the particle-size distribution is narrow, and the geometry of the quartz sand is irregular and the particle-size distribution is wide. Both oil production from inlet and outlet faces and the advancing distance of the imbibition front were measured against time. The experimental results showed that the largest fraction of the oil/gas production occurred by cocurrent imbibition in both glass-bead packs and quartz sandpacks. In addition, for glass-bead packs, very little of the oil/gas was produced by countercurrent imbibition, and it has almost no change with the increase in oil/gas viscosity. For quartz sandpacks, much more oil/gas was produced by countercurrent imbibition, and it increases noticeably with the increase in oil/gas viscosity (but is still much smaller than cocurrent imbibition). The total oil/gas recovery for glass-bead packs is high and has almost no change with the increase in oil/gas viscosity. In contrast, the total oil/gas recovery for quartz sandpacks is lower and decreases noticeably with the increase in oil/gas viscosity. The relative permeability to water and oil could be obtained by fitting the simulated results with the experimental results. The fitting results show that the relative permeability to water behind the imbibition front decreases with the increase in oil viscosity and the relative permeability to oil for countercurrent imbibition increases with the increase in oil viscosity.
High-Temperature Solvent Injection for Heavy-Oil Recovery From Oil Sands: Determination of Optimal Application Conditions Through Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Leyva-Gomez H.. , Babadagli T.. 
Published: August 2016

Summary
Our recent experimental studies on superheated solvent injection for heavy-oil recovery showed that when a solvent is injected into the reservoir, the process is highly sensitive to pressure and temperature. The effects of these parameters on the recovery factor (RF) are accentuated when the operating conditions are closer to the saturation curve of the solvent injected. This paper investigates this process and formulates the optimal field-scale application conditions that yield the maximum profit, as a continuation of previous work. To achieve this, a hypothetical field-scale numerical model was constructed, and the key parameters identified through the aforementioned sensitivity analysis were incorporated. Then, the injection process was simulated for a two-horizontal injection/production pattern. An optimization study was performed to identify the relative contributions of the effective parameters (pressure, temperature, and injection rate) and to propose an optimal application scheme with a genetic algorithm (GA). The critical pressure and temperature yielding maximum production and highest profit considering solvent retrieval were defined for different injection rates and application scenarios. Our results indicate that, at the end of the hot solvent-injection process, an important volume of solvent is left in the reservoir, and its volume depends on the injection–production scheme selected. Nevertheless, if the project is performed under appropriately selected operational parameters (obtained through the optimization processes) and followed by the proper process to retrieve the solvent from the reservoir (low-temperature steam or hot-water applications), it can make the hot solvent-injection process profitable.
Strong but permeable barriers to gene exchange between sister species of Epidendrum
Authors: Pinheiro Fábio , Zanfra de Melo e Gouveia Tiago Manuel , Cozzolino Salvatore , Cafasso Donata , Cardoso‐Gustavson Poliana , Suzuki Rogério Mamoru , Palma‐Silva Clarisse 
Published: August 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:The investigation of reproductive barriers between sister species can provide insights into how new lineages arise, and how species integrity is maintained in the face of interspecific gene flow. Different pre‐ and postzygotic barriers can limit interspecific gene exchange in sympatric populations, and different sources of evidence are often required to investigate the role of multiple reproductive isolation (RI) mechanisms.METHODS:We tested the hypothesis of hybridization and potential introgression between Epidendrum secundum and Epidendrum xanthinum, two Neotropical food‐deceptive orchid species, using nuclear and plastid microsatellites, experimental crosses, pollen tube growth observations, and genome size estimates.KEY RESULTS:A large number of hybrids between E. secundum and E. xanthinum were detected, suggesting weak premating barriers. The low fertility of hybrid plants and the absence of haplotype sharing between parental species indicated strong postmating barriers, reducing interspecific gene exchange and the development of advanced generation hybrids. Despite the strength of reproductive barriers, fertile seeds were produced in some backcrossing experiments, and the existence of interspecific gene exchange could not be excluded.CONCLUSIONS:Strong but permeable barriers were found between E. secundum and E. xanthinum. Indeed, haplotype sharing was not detected between parental species, suggesting that introgression is limited by a combination of genic incompatibilities, including negative cytonuclear interactions. Most taxonomic uncertainties in this group were potentially influenced by incomplete RI barriers between species, which mainly occurred sympatrically.
Elevational divergence and clinal variation in floral color and leaf chemistry in Silene vulgaris
Authors: Berardi Andrea E. , Fields Peter D. , Abbate Jessica L. , Taylor Douglas R. 
Published: August 2016

PREMISE OF STUDY:Environmental heterogeneity over a species range can lead to divergent selection among populations, leading to phenotypic differences. The plant flavonoid pathway controls key reproductive and defense‐related traits and responds to selection and environmental stressors, allowing for hypotheses about phenotypic divergence across environmental gradients. We hypothesized that with increasing elevation, more flavonoids would be produced as a response to increased UV radiation and that plants would be better defended against herbivores.METHODS:We measured floral color, flavonoids, and herbivory in natural populations of Silene vulgaris (Caryophyllaceae) along elevational transects in the French Alps. We correlated phenotypes with environmental variables and calculated genotypic divergence (FST) to compare with phenotypic divergence (PST).KEY RESULTS:We found significant phenotypic variation in S. vulgaris along elevational gradients. Strong positive correlations were observed between floral color, leaf non‐anthocyanidin flavonoid concentration, and elevation. Floral anthocyanin and leaf non‐anthocyanidin flavonoid phenotypes negatively covaried with temperature and precipitation seasonality. Comparisons of PST to FST provided evidence for stabilizing selection on floral color among transects and divergent selection along the elevational gradient.CONCLUSIONS:Flavonoid production increases along elevational gradients in S. vulgaris, with clinal variation in calyx anthocyanins and increasing leaf non‐anthocyanin flavonoid concentrations. Despite the photoprotective and antiherbivore properties of some flavonoids, flavonoid production in flowers and leaves was correlated with population microclimatic variables: temperature and precipitation. Taken together, the results suggest that different flavonoid groups are targeted by selection in different tissues and provide evidence for divergent patterns of selection for flavonoids between high and low elevations.
Adhesion- and Degranulation-Promoting Adapter Protein Promotes CD8 T Cell Differentiation and Resident Memory Formation and Function during an Acute Infection
Authors: Fiege Jessica K. , Beura Lalit K. , Burbach Brandon J. , Shimizu Yoji 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
During acute infections, naive Ag-specific CD8 T cells are activated and differentiate into effector T cells, most of which undergo contraction after pathogen clearance. A small population of CD8 T cells persists as memory to protect against future infections. We investigated the role of adhesion- and degranulation-promoting adapter protein (ADAP) in promoting CD8 T cell responses to a systemic infection. Naive Ag-specific CD8 T cells lacking ADAP exhibited a modest expansion defect early after Listeria monocytogenes or vesicular stomatitis virus infection but comparable cytolytic function at the peak of response. However, reduced numbers of ADAP-deficient CD8 T cells were present in the spleen after the peak of the response. ADAP deficiency resulted in a greater frequency of CD127+ CD8 memory precursors in secondary lymphoid organs during the contraction phase. Reduced numbers of ADAP-deficient killer cell lectin-like receptor G1− CD8 resident memory T (TRM) cell precursors were present in a variety of nonlymphoid tissues at the peak of the immune response, and consequently the total numbers of ADAP-deficient TRM cells were reduced at memory time points. TRM cells that did form in the absence of ADAP were defective in effector molecule expression. ADAP-deficient TRM cells exhibited impaired effector function after Ag rechallenge, correlating with defects in their ability to form T cell–APC conjugates. However, ADAP-deficient TRM cells responded to TGF-β signals and recruited circulating memory CD8 T cells. Thus, ADAP regulates CD8 T cell differentiation events following acute pathogen challenge that are critical for the formation and selected functions of TRM cells in nonlymphoid tissues.
A Csf1r-EGFP Transgene Provides a Novel Marker for Monocyte Subsets in Sheep
Authors: Pridans Clare , Davis Gemma M. , Sauter Kristin A. , Lisowski Zofia M. , Corripio-Miyar Yolanda , Raper Anna , Lefevre Lucas , Young Rachel , McCulloch Mary E. , Lillico Simon , Milne Elspeth , Whitelaw Bruce , Hume David A. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Expression of Csf1r in adults is restricted to cells of the macrophage lineage. Transgenic reporters based upon the Csf1r locus require inclusion of the highly conserved Fms-intronic regulatory element for expression. We have created Csf1r-EGFP transgenic sheep via lentiviral transgenesis of a construct containing elements of the mouse Fms-intronic regulatory element and Csf1r promoter. Committed bone marrow macrophage precursors and blood monocytes express EGFP in these animals. Sheep monocytes were divided into three populations, similar to classical, intermediate, and nonclassical monocytes in humans, based upon CD14 and CD16 expression. All expressed EGFP, with increased levels in the nonclassical subset. Because Csf1r expression coincides with the earliest commitment to the macrophage lineage, Csf1r-EGFP bone marrow provides a tool for studying the earliest events in myelopoiesis using the sheep as a model.