bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Open Study of Reservoir and Matrix Patches in a Tropical Environment
Authors: Bhathena RK , Anklesaria BS , Ganatra AM , Pinto Rosaline 
Published: July 2017

Objective To determine the influence of temperature and humidity on skin reactions with continuous transdermal oestrogen therapy. Design Two prospective studies, each of 6 months’ duration. Setting Two centres in Western India. Range of temperature 20–38°C; humidity 55–90 per cent. Population 62 healthy menopausal women. Main outcome measures 61 women using a 50ug reservoir patch were assessed over 6 months about tolerability and skin reactions. In 26 women who had repeated complete detachment of, or significant skin reactions with the reservoir patch, a further study of 6 months’ duration was undertaken with a 50ug matrix patch. Results 64 per cent completed the first study and were happy to continue with the reservoir patch, while 36 per cent discontinued prematurely because of adverse effects. Ten per cent had problems of adhesion. Mild skin reactions occurred in 21 per cent, and moderate or severe in 38 per cent. The premature discontinuation rate because of problems of adhesion and skin reactions was 23 per cent, which was significantly higher than such rates in 4 other comparable studies conducted in temperature zones. However, the variations in temperature and humidity in Western India did not significantly influence the premature discontinuation rate as a consequence of skin reactions (Chi-Square test, P = 0.4, and P = 1.0, respectively). From the 26 women subsequently using the matrix patch, none complained of the patch falling off, although 4 per cent had partial detachment. None complained of moderate or severe skin reactions. Twelve per cent had mild itching. Conclusions Because of frequent and severe skin irritation, transdermal therapy with the reservoir patch is not accepted favourably by some women in hot, humid climates. In contrast, because of the superior adhesive properties and minimal mild skin reactions, women in Western India are found to readily accept therapy with the matrix patch.
Organization of a Breast Tumour Clinic and Aspects of Data Analysis of a Clinical Material
Authors: Johansson H. , Rimsten Å. , Stenkvist B. , Danielsson J. 
Published: July 2017

With the aim of making it easier for patients with tumours or suspected tumours of the breast to obtain adequate medical advice and treatment, a special breast tumour clinic was established at the Department of Surgery of the University Hospital in Uppsala for women resident in the county of Uppsala. The waiting time was less than one week. In addition to palpation, fine-needle biopsy with cytological examination, mammography and xeroradiography were performed. Close co-operation between a few doctors responsible for the various diagnostic units made it possible to give the patients quick service and contributed to an efficient use of the diagnostic resources. The clinic functioned mainly within the framework of the existing medical care facilities and did not act as a screening project. Over a period of 15 months, 1244 women were examined. 116 had breast cancer, and 5 of these tumours were occult. A comparatively low mean tumour size and a low frequency of lymph node metastases would seem to indicate that the patients came under medical care at a relatively early stage. For recording of the case histories and examination findings, special medical records permitting data processing were used. This has facilitated follow-up of the patients, special checks on certain patient groups, statistical analyses and prospective investigations. We consider that, for the patient, a clinic of this kind offers considerable psychological and financial benefits, and that for the health service as a whole it means increased efficiency and a lower cost per patient. It seems probable that both the patient's and the doctor's delay are reduced.
Do You Die from Rheumatism?
Authors: Allander Erik 
Published: July 2017

Do you die from rheumatism? The five-year mortality in a middle-aged population sample with respect to reported joint symptoms. Allander, E. (Department of Social Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden). With special reference to reported joint symptoms, the five-year mortality was studied of a population sample of 3 394 persons, 56–60 years old in 1965. An age-and sex-matched comparison was made between the mortality of the total population of the same age-group, and the sample investigated. A significant excess mortality was found for males reporting previous hospital admission for “rheumatoid arthritis”. In this group, however, only 28% really had rheumatoid arthritis according to generally used criteria. The other diseases were mainly previous rheumatic fever and degenerative joint disease. It is concluded that males are harder hit by degenerative joint disease than females. The sample investigated had a lower mortality than the population from which it was sampled. The comparability of a fixed sample and a mean population found in official statistics is discussed. The non-response group was estimated to have a considerable excess mortality.
Results of a Quit-smoking Research Project in a Randomly Selected Population
Authors: Isacsson Sven-Olof , Janzon Lars 
Published: July 2017

Results of a quit-smoking research project in a randomly selected population. Isacsson, S.-O. and Janzon, L. (Departments of Clinical Physiology, Social and Preventive Medicine, and Surgery, Allmänna Sjukhuset, S-21401 Malmö, Sweden). In the spring of 1973, 58 strictly randomized heavy smokers from a defined population of men born in 1914 were asked to quit smoking, at least for 8–9 weeks, as a part of a research project focused upon the relationship between smoking and peripheral blood flow, fibrinolysis, and lung function. Eighty-eight per cent of the smokers were willing to try to quit smoking. Seven (12%) refused at the outset, as they regarded quitting as impossible. Of the remaining 51 it was possible to keep 31 (60%) free from smoking for 8–9 weeks with the aid of an intense anti-smoking program lasting 6 weeks. Checks of continued smoking abstention were made by questionnaire and COHb-determination. After 6 weeks, no further information was given to the subjects. A follow-up after 8–9 months revealed that 33% of the 51 participants (i.e. 29% of the original 58) were still non-smokers. The long-lasting effect of our quit-smoking method was equal to the best reported by others and 30% is probably the highest rate of long-term success to be achieved in smoking cessation.
The Layman's Medical Vocabulary
Authors: Allander Erik , Håkanson Eva 
Published: July 2017

The layman's medical vocabulary. A study of illness definitions and perceived need for medical care. Allander, E. and Håkanson, E. (Dept. of Social Medicine, Huddinge University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, and Institute of Linguistics, University of Stockholm, Sweden). A knowledge of the layman's illness concepts is of value both for diagnosis and therapy in the practical application of the medical services. It is also valuable for the estimation of morbidity and of the need for medical assistance. The present article describes an investigation intended to throw light on the import of ten different illness concepts and on the implications these may have for the utilization of the medical services. The study is based on interviews with 100 middle-aged women. Most of the respondents considered that an illness may have many causes—a multifactorial aetiology. Great differences between the illnesses were noted with respect to the opinions as to whether examination by a doctor was necessary for diagnosis. The interpretations as to whether an illness needed treatment—medical attention, medicine, hospital care—seemed however to be more closely related to its duration than to its nature. A long duration was regarded by a surprisingly large number as a sign that hospitalization was required—even in the case of a common cold! Only 8% considered obesity ‘serious’. As regards the choice of illness alternatives, earlier experience of illness influenced this only in the case of ‘shortness of breath’ and ‘nervous symptoms’. Social class was not found to affect the type of answer.
Sexual Problems in Patients Suffering from Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Lilius H. G. , Valtonen Erkki J. , Wikström Juhani 
Published: July 2017

Sexual problems in patients suffering from multiple sclerosis. Lilius, H. G., Valtonen, E. J. and Wikström, J. (Departments of Physical Medicine and Neurology, University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland). A questionnaire which allowed anonymous answering and which also included many other questions besides those dealing with sexual life was sent to 302 patients suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS). Sexual life had changed for 91% of males and 72% of females. About half of the patients replied that their sexual life was unsatisfactory or had ceased altogether. These patients were as a rule in a relative poor physical condition. In males, disturbances in erection (62%) were the most common problem, erection was normal in only 20%. In females the essential figures were: loss of orgasm in 33%, loss of libido in 27% and spasticity in 12%. There was no correlation between the incidence of sexual disturbances and the duration of the MS. It seems that the neurological disturbances in sexual life depend simply on the location of the plaques in the central nervous system.
On Risk Factors for Premature Myocardial Infarction in Middle-aged Building Construction Workers
Authors: Theorell Töres , Askergren Alf , Olsson Alice , Åkerstedt Torbjörn 
Published: July 2017

On risk factors for premature myocardial infarction in middle-aged building construction workers. A comparison with other selected illnesses. Theorell, T., Askergren, A., Olsson, A., and Åkerstedt, T. (Dept. of Medicine, Serafimerlasarettet, Foundation for Industrial Safety and Health in the Construction Industry, and the Laboratory for Clinical Stress Research, Stockholm, Sweden). This study was carried out in order to define readily available indicators of elevated risk of imminent myocardial infarction in middle-aged building construction workers in Stockholm and also provided an opportunity for comparing the risk of myocardial infarction with that of gastric or duodenal ulcer and “social illness”. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that the risk of myocardial infarction was associated with relative overweight, short stature, elevated blood pressure and elevated psychosocial discord index, whereas excessive cigarette smoking was associated with a risk of myocardial infarction in the univariate analysis only. Excessive cigarette smoking was associated with ulcer and “social illness”. Elevated blood pressure was associated with risk of ulcer and elevated heart rate with risk of “social illness”. The target population consisted of all male 41–61-year-old members of the union of building-construction workers in Greater Stockholm ( n=8973). They were all asked to fill out a psychosocial questionnaire from which a “discord index” was calculated. Non-responders (25%) were comparable to responders with regard to a number of crude social characteristics. In order to establish somatic characteristics for the participants, the investigators utilized a standardized health check-up ( Bygghälsan—building workers' health scheme) in which 55% of the participants had taken part. Official registers were utilized during the follow-up (12–27 months) in order to find instances of (1) myocardial infarction (2) gastric or duodenal ulcer, and (3) prolonged neurosis or non-illness death (“social illness”). Subjects who had been absent from work because of similar illness during the preceding year were excluded from the followup. Three roughly equal-sized diagnostic groups ( n = 22–26) were formed. They were compared with a contrast group ( n = 194) which was selected from the population in a representative way.
On Pensioners' Circumstances in a Large Swedish City
Authors: Bolin Anders , Lindström Bengt , Sagnér Alf , Svanström Leif 
Published: July 2017

On pensioners' circumstances in a large Swedish city. A report from Malmö, Bolin, A., Lindström, B., Sagnér, A. and Svanström, L. (Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Lund, and the Social Board of Malmö, Sweden). In 1972–1973 the authors carried out a field-work programme in a surburban area covered by the 4th Welfare District of Malmö with the objective of charting the general circumstances among the pensioners living there. Such surveys should be pursued in such a way that immediate needs would be disclosed and met. The findings were intended to form a basis for future improvement projects. As expected, the results show the necessity of tracking down hidden needs, often underestimated by the pensioners themselves, especially those in poor health and of limited means. Within the framework of a permanent field-work programme, those people must be made more aware of their own interests and rights.
Retirement and Psychic Investments
Authors: Niemi Timo , Sarna Seppo , Kovalainen Seppo 
Published: July 2017

Retirement and psychic investments. Niemi, T., Sarna, S. and Kovalainen, S. (From the Psychiatric Clinic of Helsinki University Central Hospital and the Department of the Public Health Sciences of Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland An attempt has been made to investigate the effect of retirement on the amount of psychic investment in the different sections of the social field. A further investigation was made on the application of the disengagement theory and the theory of role flexibility to the present material. The results do not support either of the theories. The material consisted of 28 pensioners, who were sent 3 questionnaires: on retirement, and 3 months and 1 year later. In processing the material, factor analysis and group analysis were primarily employed. In the group analysis, the observation units (84) (each answer from each subject) were divided into three groups. The present results showed a considerable degree of stability in the subjects, irrespective of their retirement; 82% had remained in the same group for all three questionnaires.
What Middle-aged Men Know of Their Parents' Cause of Death and Age at Death
Authors: Waern Urban , Hedstrand Hans , Åberg Hans 
Published: July 2017

What middle-aged men know of their parents' cause of death and age at death. A comparison between history and death certificate. Waern, U., Hedstrand, H. and Åberg, H. (Dept. of Medicine, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden). Middle-aged men's knowledge of the circumstances of their parents' diseases and death is reliable to such an extent that it can be used when appropriate for therapeutic purposes in familial diseases. This conclusion is based on findings in a health examination survey of 441 middle-aged men in Uppsala, Sweden where the men were asked whether their parents were dead and, if so, the known cause of death and at what age they had died. The information reported was then compared with the official data kept by the authorities. In 87% of cases it was possible to perform such a comparison. The study showed good conformity of the two sources, in general.
The Effect of Religious Factors on Intoxicant Use
Authors: Parfrey P. S. 
Published: July 2017

The effect of religious factors on intoxicant use. Parfrey, P. S. (Dept. of Social and Preventive Medicine, University College, Cork, Ireland). To examine cigarette, alcohol and drug use among undergraduates in Cork a precoded questionnaire was mailed to one in seven (458) students, chosen systematically. The response rate was 97%. Religious belief and practice was significantly associated with pattern of drinking behaviour, attitude to alcohol use, marijuana, L.S.D., barbiturate or amphetamine experience and cigarette smoking. It is suggested that current uncertainty of belief in a God and infrequent attendance at religious services are more important factors in promoting alcohol use than being brought up a Roman Catholic. The nature of practices considered serious misdemeanours was significantly associated with religious belief and practice, pattern of drinking behaviour, attitude to alcohol use, marijuana, L.S.D., barbiturate or amphetamine experience and cigarette smoking. These associations allowed separation of two overlapping groups, one of which was tradition-directed and the other which swung towards a more liberal and unstructured life style.
Men with Disability Pension
Authors: Medhus Asbjörn 
Published: July 2017

Men with disability pension. Medhus, A. (Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Lund, Sweden). In 1964, temporary or permanent disability pension was granted to 2.9 per thousand of all men in Malmö aged 16 to 66 years. The figure for 1974 was 10.6 per thousand, i.e. 3.7 times as high. The 235 men who in 1964 for the first time had been granted temporary or permanent disability pension by the Regional Social Insurance Office were compared with 235 men chosen at random from the 893 who in 1974 had been granted these benefits for the first time. The relation between temporary and permanent disability pension in the 1964 material was 1: 2, and in the 1974 material, 1: 4. In the 1964 material, the average age was 54.9 years; in the latter 57.4. The main diagnoses mental disorders, diseases of the circulatory system, and diseases of the musculoskeletal system represent about 70% of the cases in each of the materials.
Further Course of Mental Health and Use of Alcohol and Tranquilizers After Cessation or Persistence of Cannabis Use in Young Adulthood: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Hammer Torild , Vaglum Per 
Published: July 2017

The main question addressed in this study is how cessation or persistence of cannabis use is related to use of legal drugs and mental health problems. In a longitudinal study a representative sample of young people in Norway, age 17–20 years (n = 1997), participated in a postal survey in 1985 and was followed up again in 1987 and 1989. The results showed a decrease in alcohol consumption among men both among those who ceased to use cannabis and those who continued their use, whereas among women who continued cannabis use the alcohol consumption increased. The use of tranquilizers was significantly reduced among those who ceased to use cannabis compared with those who continued cannabis use, while mental health problems were unchanged. The results indicate that use of tranquilizers for self medication is mainly related to a polydrug use in the cannabis using culture.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Danish Adults
Authors: Osler Merete , Lous Jørgen , Rasmussen Niels K. 
Published: July 2017

A community cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention programme was undertaken in 1989 in a Danish County (Vejle). A random sample of 5192 adults were asked to complete a mailed questionnaire on knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour in relation to CVD risk factors. The response rate was 56%. The questionnaire produced baseline data for programme planning and measuring the success of on-going interventions. Smoking, overweight, and unhealthy food habits were the most prevalent CVD risk factors. A CVD risk score was calculated from the data on smoking, food habits, exercise, stress, overweight, self-reported presence of hypertension, diabetes, and gender. A high score was commoner in men, in the least educated, in groups who judged their own risk as high, and in groups with negative health beliefs. The level of knowledge about CVD risk factors was high in general. Low knowledge was commonest in the youngest age group, in the least educated, in unskilled workers, and in groups with negative health beliefs. As social position and personality factors seem to play an important role in actions people may take in prevention of CVD, they should be considered in the planning of the health promotion activities in Vejle.
“If They Could See Me Now!”
Authors: Smalley Julie (Darlington) 
Published: July 2017

FAR FROM BEING isolationist, and possibly in an attempt to conquer the shrinking tyranny of distance, many Australians set out to experience different cultures and places. Some might suggest this is a feature of the Australian character — a certain inquisitiveness and need to see it and do it for themselves. HIMs are no exception to seeing and doing it for themselves. In response to the Journal's call for submissions some months ago, this feature of current and past overseas work experience by HIMs is testimony to Australian HIMs and their personal and professional adaptability.
A diptych of dilemma: Becoming an artist and a teacher
Authors: MacDonald Abbey 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This article examines factors identified as influencing teachers’ capacity to maintain arts practice upon beginning teaching. In exploring the storied experiences of three artists and teachers, a discussion unfolds to examine the ways that artist and teaching practices interact, and the implications this interaction has upon the beginning teachers’ transition into professional practice. A hybridized methodology has been adopted, where methods integral to autoethnography, narrative inquiry and a/r/tography are drawn together to generate a series of intricately layered stories of becoming artists and teachers. From these storied insights, the factors that emerged as critical to becoming are the beginning teachers’ perceptions and management of time, and their capacity to appropriately prioritize art and teaching practices over each other. The implications of these factors indicate a need for beginning teachers to better understand and acclimatize to the demands of becoming a teacher before attempting to resume high levels of artistic output.
Editorial
Authors: Scarpa Regina , Prado Ricardo , Gomes Lisandra Ogg 
Published: July 2017

“Como uma onda educativa”: foi dessa forma que o filósofo Renato Janine Ribeiro imaginou que se daria a criação de uma cadeia virtuosa capaz de ofertar ensino público de qualidade a toda a população brasileira. Começaria a se esboçar a partir de um início relativamente modesto, 5% da rede ao ano, diante da imensidão de desafios educacionais que o país tem pela frente quando esse tema se tornasse, enfim, uma prioridade nacional.[...]
Structural Analysis of the Selected Products From the Suspension Furnace Produced in the Internal Recycling
Authors: Bydałek A. W. , Schlafka P. , Grządko K. , Wołczyński W. , Kwapisiński P. , Brombera S. , Wędrychowicza M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThere are presents the internal recycling in anode furnace, in addition to mainly blister copper and converter copper. During the process there arise the two types of semi-finished products intended for further pyro metallurgical processing: anode copper and anode slag. The stream of liquid blister copper enters into the anode furnace treatment, in which the losses are recovered, e.g. copper, resulting from oxidation and reduction of sulfides, oxides and the oxidation of metallic compounds of lead, zinc and iron. In the liquid phase there are still gaseous states, which gives the inverse relationship relating to the solid phase, wherein the gases found an outlet in waste gas or steam. The results of chemical analysis apparently differ from each other, because crystallite placement, the matrix structure and the presence of other phases and earth elements are not compared, which can be regained in the process of electrorefining. One should not interpret negatively smaller proportion of copper in the alloy, since during the later part of the production more elements can be obtained, for example from sludge, such as platinum group metals and lanthanides. According to the research the quality of blister copper, to a large extent, present in the alloy phase to many other elements, which can be recovered.