bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MHC class II alleles associated with Th1 rather than Th17 type immunity drive the onset of early arthritis in a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Tuncel Jonatan , Haag Sabrina , Holmdahl Rikard 
Published: December 2016

Polymorphisms in the MHC class II (MHCII) genes are strongly associated with rheumatoid arthritis, supporting the importance of autoreactive T helper (Th) cells for the development of this disease. Here, we used pristane‐induced arthritis (PIA), induced by the non‐antigenic hydrocarbon pristane, to study the impact of different MHCII alleles on T‐cell activation and differentiation. In MHCII‐congenic rats with disease‐promoting MHCII alleles, pristane primarily induced activation of Th1 cells, whereas activated T cells were Th17 biased in rats with protective MHCII alleles. Neutralization of IFN‐γ during T‐cell activation abrogated the development of disease, suggesting that Th1 immunity is important for disease induction. Neutralization of IL‐17, by contrast, suppressed arthritis only when performed in rats with established disease. Adoptive T‐cell transfers showed that T cells acquired arthritogenic capacity earlier in strains with a prevailing Th1 response. Moreover, upon pristane injection, these strains exhibited more Ag‐primed OX40+ and proliferating T cells of polyclonal origin. These data show that T cells are polarized upon the first encounter with peptide‐MHCII complexes in an allele‐dependent fashion. In PIA, the polyclonal expansion of autoreactive Th1 cells was necessary for the onset of arthritis, while IL‐17 mediated immunity contributed to the progression to chronic disease.
Nutritional composition, extraction, and utilization of wheat germ oil: A review
Authors: Ghafoor Kashif , Özcan Mehmet Musa , AL‐Juhaımı Fahad , Babıker Elfadıl E. , Sarker Zaidul Islam , Ahmed Isam A. Mohamed , Ahmed Mohammed Asif 
Published: December 2016

Wheat germ is a by‐product of wheat milling from which wheat germ oil (WGO) can be obtained using different techniques. For a better quality WGO, techniques such supercritical fluid fractionation, molecular distillation, and other innovative methods can be adopted. WGO is composed of nonpolar lipids, glycolipids, phospholipids, alcohols, esters, alkene, aldehydes, tocopherols, n‐alkanols, sterols, 4‐methyl sterols, triterpenols, hydrocarbons, pigments, and volatile components. The most abundant WGO fatty acid is linoleic acid which composes 42–59% of total triglycerides followed by palmitic (16:0) and oleic acids (18:1). The stearic acid, a saturated fatty acid, is usually less than 2%. WGO is rich in tocopherols particularly vitamin E. It contains α‐tocopherol and β‐tocopherol which gives various health benefits to it. It is being used in medicine, cosmetic, agricultural, and food industry. Some of its applications include production of vitamins and food supplements, animal feed and biological insect control and for treating circulatory/cardiac disorders and weaknesses. More studies are required for producing better quality WGO such as application of more innovative and optimized techniques that can increase its health benefits and hence utilization. More mechanistic approaches for extraction, evaluation, and utilization of WGO can help in making this by‐product of wheat processing more valuable.Practical application: Wheat is a major food crop around the globe and produced and processed in large quantities. Its by‐products such as wheat germ can be used to obtain value added products. Oil obtained from wheat germ is found to be a good source of various nutritionally beneficial constituents and carry important health benefits and functional properties. The review will help researchers to carry out further research to improve processing and the quality of oil besides emphasizing on its beneficial aspects. It will also assist in better utilization of this wheat by‐product to develop value added products and nutraceuticals after carrying out further studies.Wheat germ oil is a valuable by‐product from wheat grain which is a good source of important nutraceuticals such as α‐ and β‐tocopherol. Extraction of this oil from wheat germ is important for the effective utilization of its various potential nutraceuticals that have reported health benefits. This review also explains detailed chemical composition, processing, functional activities, and potential utilization of wheat germ oil.
Production of diacylglycerol‐enriched oils by enzymatic interesterification and molecular distillation using soybean oil and distilled saturated monoacylglycerol
Authors: Chen Qiong , Li Ying , Fu Junning , Ma Xiang , Teng Yinglai , Wang Yong 
Published: December 2016

The blend of refined soybean oil and distilled saturated monoacylglycerol in a mass ratio of 70: 30 w/w were enzymatically interesterified under the optimized enzyme dosage (5% w/w) and time (5 h) at 60°C, followed by further purification through molecular distillation (MD). All samples were evaluated and compared in terms of their iodine value (IV), acylglycerols, fatty acid composition, solid fat content (SFC), crystallization, and melting properties. The diacylglycerol content in the MD residual was found increased from 16.2% in interesterified oils to 22.6%. As the temperature increased, the SFC in the MD residual declined to the similar level of that in RSO. However, the crystallization onset temperature and melting point measured by differential scanning calorimetry were much higher than those of RSO. Moreover, the presence of β′ crystal was found in the MD residual by X‐ray diffraction and polarized light microscopy. In addition, the MD distillate had 27.4% of unsaturated fatty acids and the lowest IV amongst samples. Considering the properties above, the MD residual (diacylglycerol‐enriched oil) could be considered as plastic fats for fluid margarine and the MD distillate (by‐product) with 36.8 g/100 g of IV could be a potential emulsifier for oil and fat products.Practical applications: An innovative design for the production of diacylglycerol‐enriched oils was developed through optimized enzymatic interesterification and MD afterwards using oversupplied DSM and inexpensive RSO in China. On one hand, the resulting MD residual showed its promising application for fluid margarine because of its relatively high value in DAG, unsaturated fatty acid content, crystallization onset temperature, and melting point, as well as the existence of β′ crystal form found inside. On the other hand, the MD distillate as the MD by‐product may become a novel food emulsifier preferred by general consumers due to its lowest IV and enhanced unsaturated fatty acid content.The production of DAG‐enriched oils was developed using refined soybean oil (RSO) and distilled saturated monoacylglycerol (DSM) via coupling of optimized enzymatic interesterification and molecular distillation. The resulting MD residual and distillate were characterized by several physical and chemical analyses (e.g., GC‐FID, DSC, p‐NMR, XRD, and PLM) in order to prove their applicability for oil and fat products, especially in fluid margarine and food emulsification.
Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticle‐Graphene Composites for Electroanalysis Applications using Chemical and Electrochemical Methods
Authors: Golinelli Diego L.C. , Machado Sergio A.S. , Cesarino Ivana 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAn electrochemical device was developed for the simultaneous determination of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and trimethoprim (TMP) using differential pulse voltammetry and glassy carbon (GC) electrodes modified with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and silver nanoparticle (AgNP) composites, synthesised using both chemical and electrochemical methods. The morphology and electrochemical behaviour of the GC electrodes modified with the rGO/AgNP (chemical method) and rGO‐AgNP (electrochemical method) composites were characterised by scanning electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry. These techniques demonstrated that, in both methods, the graphene oxide was modified by the AgNPs, and the composite synthesised by the electrochemical method showed a better dispersion of the nanoparticles, resulting in an increase in the surface area compared to the rGO/AgNP composite. The GC/rGO‐AgNP electrode was evaluated and optimised for the simultaneous determination of SMX and TMP, achieving detection limits of 0.6 μmol L−1 for the SMX and 0.4 μmol L−1 for the TMP. The proposed GC/rGO‐AgNP electrochemical device was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of SMX and TMP in wastewaters samples.
High tolerance to glycerol and high production of 1,3‐propanediol in batch fermentations by microbial consortium from marine sludge
Authors: Jiang LiLi , Liu HuiFang , Mu Ying , Sun YaQin , Xiu ZhiLong 
Published: December 2016

1,3‐Propanediol (1,3‐PD) is a versatile bulk chemical and widely used as a monomer to synthesis polymers, such as polyesters, polyethers and polyurethanes. 1,3‐PD can be produced by microbial fermentation with the advantages of the environmental protection and sustainable development. Low substrate tolerance and wide by‐product profile limit microbial production of 1,3‐PD by Klebsiella pneumonia on industrial scale. In this study, microbial consortia were investigated to overcome some disadvantages of pure fermentation by single strain. Microbial consortium named DL38 from marine sludge gave the best performance. Its bacterial community composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon high‐throughput sequencing and showed that Enterobacteriaceae was the most abundant family. Compared with three K. pneumonia strains isolated from DL38, the microbial consortium could grow well at an initial glycerol concentration of 200 g/L to produce 81.40 g/L of 1,3‐PD with a yield of 0.63 mol/mol. This initial glycerol concentration is twice the highest concentration by single isolated strain and more than the critical value (188 g/L) extrapolated from the fermentation kinetics for K. pneumonia. On the other hand, a small amount of by‐products were produced in batch fermentation of microbial consortium DL38, especially no 2,3‐butanediol detected. The mixed culture of strain W3, Y5 and Y1 improved the tolerance to glycerol and changed the metabolite profile of single strain W3. The batch fermentation with the natural proportion (W3: Y5: Y1 = 208: 82: 17) was superior to that with other proportions and single strain. This study showed that microbial consortium DL38 possessed excellent substrate tolerance, narrow by‐product profile and attractive potential for industrial production of 1,3‐PD.
Effects of aripiprazole and haloperidol on neural activation during a simple motor task in healthy individuals: A functional MRI study
Authors: Goozee Rhianna , O'Daly Owen , Handley Rowena , Reis Marques Tiago , Taylor Heather , McQueen Grant , Hubbard Kathryn , Pariante Carmine , Mondelli Valeria , Reinders Antje A.T.S. , Dazzan Paola 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe dopaminergic system plays a key role in motor function and motor abnormalities have been shown to be a specific feature of psychosis. Due to their dopaminergic action, antipsychotic drugs may be expected to modulate motor function, but the precise effects of these drugs on motor function remain unclear. We carried out a within‐subject, double‐blind, randomized study of the effects of aripiprazole, haloperidol and placebo on motor function in 20 healthy men. For each condition, motor performance on an auditory‐paced task was investigated. We entered maps of neural activation into a random effects general linear regression model to investigate motor function main effects. Whole‐brain imaging revealed a significant treatment effect in a distributed network encompassing posterior orbitofrontal/anterior insula cortices, and the inferior temporal and postcentral gyri. Post‐hoc comparison of treatments showed neural activation after aripiprazole did not differ significantly from placebo in either voxel‐wise or region of interest analyses, with the results above driven primarily by haloperidol. We also observed a simple main effect of haloperidol compared with placebo, with increased task‐related recruitment of posterior cingulate and precentral gyri. Furthermore, region of interest analyses revealed greater activation following haloperidol compared with placebo in the precentral and post‐central gyri, and the putamen. These diverse modifications in cortical motor activation may relate to the different pharmacological profiles of haloperidol and aripiprazole, although the specific mechanisms underlying these differences remain unclear. Evaluating healthy individuals can allow investigation of the effects of different antipsychotics on cortical activation, independently of either disease‐related pathology or previous treatment. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1833–1845, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Taking the brakes off the learning curve
Authors: Gheysen Freja , Lasne Gabriel , Pélégrini‐Issac Mélanie , Albouy Genevieve , Meunier Sabine , Benali Habib , Doyon Julien , Popa Traian 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMotor learning is characterized by patterns of cerebello‐striato‐cortical activations shifting in time, yet the early dynamic and function of these activations remains unclear. Five groups of subjects underwent either continuous or intermittent theta‐burst stimulation of one cerebellar hemisphere, or no stimulation just before learning a new motor sequence during fMRI scanning. We identified three phases during initial learning: one rapid, one slow, and one quasi‐asymptotic performance phase. These phases were not changed by left cerebellar stimulation. Right cerebellar inhibition, however, accelerated learning and enhanced brain activation in critical motor learning‐related areas during the first phase, continuing with reduced brain activation but high‐performance in late phase. Right cerebellar excitation did not affect the early learning process, but slowed learning significantly in late phase, along with increased brain activation. We conclude that the right cerebellum is a key factor coordinating other neuronal loops in the early acquisition of an explicit motor sequential skill. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1676–1691, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Understory and small trees contribute importantly to stemflow of a lower montane cloud forest
Authors: González‐Martínez Teresa Margarita , Williams‐Linera Guadalupe , Holwerda Friso 
Published: December 2016

AbstractStemflow (Sf) measurements in tropical rain and montane forests dominated by large trees rarely include the understory and small trees. In this study, contributions of lower (1‐ to 2‐m height) and upper (>2‐m height and <5‐cm diameter at breast height [DBH]) woody understory, small trees (5 < DBH < 10 cm), and canopy trees (>10‐cm DBH) to Sf per unit ground area (Sfa) of a Mexican lower montane cloud forest were quantified for 32 days with rainfall (P) during the 2014 wet season. Rainfall, stemflow yield (Sfy), vegetation height, density, and basal area were measured. Subsequently, stemflow funneling ratios (SFRs) were calculated, and three common methods to scale up Sfy from individual trees to the stand level (tree‐Sfy correlation, P‐Sfy correlation, and mean‐Sfy extrapolation) were used to calculate Sfa. Understory woody plants, small trees, and upper canopy trees represented 96%, 2%, and 2%, respectively, of the total density. Upper canopy trees had the lowest SFRs (1.6 ± 0.5 Standard Error (SE) on average), although the lower understory had the highest (36.1 ± 6.4). Small trees and upper understory presented similar SFRs (22.9 ± 5.4 and 20.2 ± 3.9, respectively). Different Sf scaling methods generally yielded similar results. Overall Sfa during the study period was 22.7 mm (4.5% of rainfall), to which the understory contributed 70.1% (15.9 mm), small trees 10.6% (2.4 mm), and upper canopy trees 19.3% (4.4 mm). Our results strongly suggest that for humid tropical forests with dense understory of woody plants and small trees, Sf of these groups should be measured to avoid an underestimation of overall Sf at the stand level.
Quantifying the Systems Engineering Need for Organizations
Authors: Gondhalekar Aditya , Krishnan Murali Padmanabhan , Vidap Akshay 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis paper discusses the approaches to assess system complexity, and in turn the need for Systems Engineering (SE) implementation. The extent of SE implementation which is optimal for an organization is a function of multiple parameters. The effect of these parameters is discussed by taking few examples. The paper also proposes a methodology to measure the SE maturity of an organization which will help to monitor its progress in terms of direction and speed. The last section also discusses on the importance of change management in any such large scale process change and how to achieve it effectively. The authors believe that the availability of such comprehensive toolset for SE assessment will equally benefit the organizations which are yet to embark on the journey of systems engineering and the ones which are in the mid‐way and re‐evaluating their approach.
An Approach to Architect Digital Product Service Systems
Authors: Kumar Anand , Zope Nikhil , Lokku Doji Samson 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe world at large is witnessing a massive pace of digitization wherein businesses and governments are adopting digital to connect to their customers in order to bring in a difference. While numerous architecture frameworks and service design patterns exist, a unified systematic approach for architecting digital product‐service systems does not exist. This paper is an attempt towards articulating an approach for architecting digital product‐service systems using value based theories and methodologies. This approach is based on the premise that digital product‐service systems should provide superior customer experience, increase customer delight and assert customer satisfaction and its architecture should address how these systems contribute to achieving customer delight, customer satisfaction and customer experience. In this paper, this approach is detailed out by appropriate processes and activities and its rationale discussed as part of the conceptual foundations.
Conceptual Study on Integration of Engine Health Monitoring (EHM) System with Integrated Vehicle Health Monitoring (IVHM) System
Authors: Jha B K , Ramachandra S , Srinivasa Murthy P N 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAn approach to upgrade existing control system and lean architecture principle is presented to optimize the system along with reduction of weight by understanding the physical system design, Engine Health Monitoring (EHM) system and data study from Integrated Vehicle Health Monitoring (IVHM) system (Aaseng n.d.). This paper brings out the integration of EHM sufficiency with IVHM system. Research effort to describe the hardware, software, algorithms and engine parameters required to monitor various events capturing, health and life management issues with IVHM. Here basic functionality will be performance monitoring, vibration monitoring, event monitoring (including stall, surge, over speed, flameout, over temperature, oil parameter and life monitoring) anti ice system with IVHM requirement of mission completion, safety and data protection.A systematic SE approach and methodology with need and requirement is generated using DOORS software (INCOSE 2011). Full requirement capture with engine designer and aircraft designer (Harinarayana, Developing light combat aircraft: foresight as the guiding principle 2004) for integrating with IVHM (Philip A. Scandura October 30, 2005)has been studied and brought out to model the concept using Rhapsody software. Here various operational scenarios has been attempted to make the functional model. Functional model has been tested for various operational issues and a final configuration has been proposed to the designer (Jaw, Van and Mink 7 – 10 May 2007). This study has brought out a perspective work model for a designer and as a result of this the final product will be tested for integrating the EHM with IVHM
Model‐Based Systems Engineering for Aero Gas Turbine Engine Subsystems
Authors: Parthasarathi Hans , Ramachandra S , Srinivasamurthy PN 
Published: December 2016

AbstractEnhanced complexity of modern systems often brings challenges in achieving performance, cost and time targets during development. Aero gas turbine engines are highly complex systems involving several modules and subsystems. Full Authority Digital Electronic Controller (FADEC) of aero engine is a very complex subsystem by itself, encompassing hardware and software to control the engine during all phases of operation. The current paper outlines an approach for system‐level design of FADEC using model‐based systems engineering (MBSE). FADEC is described comprehensively and consistently using SysML language. This includes defining the requirements of FADEC, importing them into SysML model and analysing these requirements, proposing multiple operations including the flow of control and data to fulfil these requirements, proposing a high‐level system architecture, modelling the interaction between subsystems, and verifying system performance through simulation. This model is expected to help individual design teams in development of the FADEC meeting the project goals.
Designing the Tokyo Motor Show 2.0 using System engineering
Authors: MORIUCHI NORIKO , SHIRASAKA SEIKO 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we apply a systems engineering approach to redesign the Tokyo Motor Show. Our results suggest two improvements. The first is to strengthen international publicity. The second is a change in the focus of the exhibitors to focus on automobile developments and inter‐industry cooperation, by developing relationships with companies from related industries. We must be able to demonstrate the clear re‐examinable steps that led to our conclusions, to convince the stakeholders and move everyone in the same direction. There is nothing that can contribute to this better than systems engineering. Systems engineering has not been previously applied to the Tokyo Motor Show, and we believe that it was successful in encouraging stakeholder participation and agreement, and even led to voluntary actions. The validity of our system design method was demonstrated by the success of the most recent Tokyo Motor Show, which was the biggest exhibition in Japan.
Self‐Evaluation Driven Improvement of Risk Management utilizing Risk Management Capability Maturity Model
Authors: Matsumoto Yuji , Shirasaka Seiko 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn October 2015, the Ministry of Defense (MOD) in Japan established Acquisition, Technology & Logistics Agency (ATLA) in order to cope with various issues. Based on this change, we have conducted a preliminary study by investigating the risks encountered in the past several years, in the Research and Development (R&D) projects of MOD. Through this investigation, an endeavor was undertaken to find problems that could be categorized and classified across different types of equipment. Consequently, we proposed a new framework with a Risk Management Capability Maturity Model (RM‐CMM) that focuses on improving the personal ability for Risk Management. Through this approach, we also evaluated the effect of this framework by taking interviews to the main staff in ATLA.