bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactive Power Control of Mega‐Solar System for Voltage Regulation with Long Distribution Line
Authors: KOUNO KOUICHIRO , NAKANISHI EIJI , NAGANO YOSHIAKI , HOJO MASAHIDE 
Published: June 2017

SUMMARYConstant power factor control of a power conditioning system in a large‐scale photovoltaic generation system (PV system) such as a mega‐solar system is introduced to mitigate voltage variations on a distribution line. However, it is difficult for the control to mitigate the voltage variation on a long distribution line because of the changes in the loss on the distribution line. This paper proposes an advanced reactive power control in which the power factor of the PV system is adjusted using both the output power of the PV system and the apparent power of loads not to minimize the voltage variation at the interconnecting point but to minimize the voltage variation over the whole distribution line. We report on the results based on numerical analysis on mitigating the voltage variation by applying this control. This paper shows that the proposed control can mitigate the voltage variation better than constant power factor control can. The proposed control has the potential to be used as a measure for suppressing voltage variations on a long distribution line.
NCR1‐deficiency diminishes the generation of protective murine cytomegalovirus antibodies by limiting follicular helper T‐cell maturation
Authors: Miletic Antonija , Lenartic Maja , Popovic Branka , Brizic Ilija , Trsan Tihana , Miklic Karmela , Mandelboim Ofer , Krmpotic Astrid , Jonjic Stipan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNKp46/NCR1 is an activating NK‐cell receptor implicated in the control of various viral and bacterial infections. Recent findings also suggest that it plays a role in shaping the adaptive immune response to pathogens. Using NCR1‐deficient (NCR1gfp/gfp) mice, we provide evidence for the role of NCR1 in antibody response to mouse cytomegalovirus infection (MCMV). The absence of NCR1 resulted in impaired maturation, function and NK‐cell migration to regional lymph nodes. In addition, CD4+ T‐cell activation and follicular helper T‐cell (Tfh) generation were reduced, leading to inferior germinal center (GC) B‐cell maturation. As a consequence, NCR1gfp/gfp mice produced lower amounts of MCMV‐specific antibodies upon infection, which correlated with lower number of virus‐specific antibody secreting cells in analyzed lymph nodes.
Spatial organization of drumlins
Authors: Clark Chris D. , Ely Jeremy C. , Spagnolo Matteo , Hahn Ute , Hughes Anna L.C. , Stokes Chris R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIce‐sheets flowing over soft sediments produce undulations in the bed, typically of metres in relief, of which drumlins are the most abundant and widely investigated. Consensus regarding their mechanism of formation has yet to be achieved. In this paper we examine the spatial organization of drumlins in order to provide an improved description of the phenomenon and to guide hypotheses of their formation. We review the literature highlighting contradictory findings regarding drumlin spatial organization and then use this to motivate our study based on a large sample (42 488) of drumlins from Canada, Britain and Norway. Are there typical arrangements in drumlin positioning and are they organized in a regular spatial manner (patterned) or are they distributed randomly? We recognize that drumlin fields are inherently patchy and therefore apply inhomogeneous spatial statistics in order to study their distribution. This shows that whilst drumlins are occasionally randomly placed, their main state is non‐ random. They exhibit a strong and statistically significant signal of regularity across lengths scales of 100 to 1200 m. We conclude that patterning is a near ubiquitous property of drumlins. This finding of regularity demonstrates spatial self‐organization in the bedforming process with drumlins as an emergent manifestation of sub‐glacial sediment mobility. Kilometre‐scale interactions between drumlins must occur as they evolve, or interactions may arise as a consequence of growth or migration. Hypotheses or models are required that can explain the regular spacing of drumlins. We highlight three suggestions for such self‐organization: instability in the coupling of ice flow–sediment flux–bed shape; local feedback between sediment mobility and relief; and coarsening by growth or migration. © 2017 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Reconstructing extreme post‐wildfire floods: a comparison of convective and mesoscale events
Authors: Brogan Daniel J. , Nelson Peter A. , MacDonald Lee H. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn much of western United States destructive floods after wildfire are frequently caused by localized, short‐duration convective thunderstorms; however, little is known about post‐fire flooding from longer‐duration, low‐intensity mesoscale storms. In this study we estimate and compare peak flows from convective and mesoscale floods following the 2012 High Park Fire in the ungaged 15.5 km2 Skin Gulch basin in the northcentral Colorado Front Range. The convective storm on 6 July 2012 came just days after the wildfire was contained. Radar data indicated that the total rainfall was 20–47 mm, and the maximum rainfall intensities (upwards of 50 mm h−1) were concentrated over portions of the watershed that burned at high severity. The mesoscale storm on 9–15 September 2013 produced 220–240 mm of rain but had maximum 15‐min intensities of only 25–32 mm h−1.Peak flows for each flood were estimated using three independent techniques. Our best estimate using a 2D hydraulic model was 28 m3 s−1 km−2 for the flood following the convective storm, placing it among the largest rainfall‐runoff floods per unit area in the United States. In contrast, the flood associated with the mesoscale flood was only 6 m3 s−1 km−2, but the long‐duration flood caused extensive channel incision and widening, indicating that this storm was much more geomorphically effective. The peak flow estimates for the 2013 flood had a higher relative uncertainty and this stemmed from whether we used pre‐ or post‐flood channel topography. The results document the extent to which a high and moderate severity forest fire can greatly increase peak flows and alter channel morphology, illustrate how indirect peak flow estimates have larger errors than is generally assumed, and indicate that the magnitude of post‐fire floods and geomorphic change can be affected by the timing, magnitude, duration, and sequence of rainstorms. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A numerical stabilization framework for viscoelastic fluid flow using the finite volume method on general unstructured meshes
Authors: Niethammer M. , Marschall H. , Kunkelmann C. , Bothe D. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryA robust finite volume method for viscoelastic flow analysis on general unstructured meshes is developed. It is built upon a general‐purpose stabilization framework for high Weissenberg number flows. The numerical framework provides full combinatorial flexibility between different kinds of rheological models on the one hand, and effective stabilization methods on the other hand. A special emphasis is put on the velocity‐stress‐coupling on colocated computational grids. Using special face interpolation techniques, a semi‐implicit stress interpolation correction is proposed to correct the cell‐face interpolation of the stress in the divergence operator of the momentum balance. Investigating the entry‐flow problem of the 4:1 contraction benchmark, we demonstrate that the numerical methods are robust over a wide range of Weissenberg numbers and significantly alleviate the high Weissenberg number problem. The accuracy of the results is evaluated in a detailed mesh convergence study.
Treatment outcomes for Hodgkin lymphoma: First report from the Brazilian Prospective Registry
Authors: Biasoli Irene , Castro Nelson , Delamain Marcia , Silveira Talita , Farley James , Simões Belinda Pinto , Solza Cristiana , Praxedes Monica , Baiocchi Otávio , Gaiolla Rafael , Franceschi Fernanda , Sola Caroline Bonamin , Boquimpani Carla , Clementino Nelma , Perini Guilherme , Pagnano Kátia , Steffenello Giovanna , Tabacof Jacques , de Freitas Colli Gilberto , Soares Andrea , de Souza Carmino , Chiattone Carlos Sérgio , Milito Cristiane , Morais José Carlos , Spector Nelson 
Published: June 2017

AbstractData about Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) in developing countries are scarce and suggest the existence of substantial disparities in healthcare and outcomes in large areas of the world. In 2009, a prospective registry of HL was implemented in Brazil. Web‐based data were contributed by 20 institutions across the country participating in the Brazilian Prospective Hodgkin's Lymphoma Registry. The aim of this study was to present the clinical features and outcomes of newly diagnosed patients with HL aged 13 to 90 years. Multivariate Cox regression models were used to estimate progression‐free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) by clinical factors. A total of 674 patients with classical HL were analysed, with a median follow‐up of 37 months. Median age was 30 years (13‐90). The median time from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 6 months (0‐60). Only 6% of patients had early favourable disease, while 65% had advanced disease. Stage IVB was present in 26% and a high‐risk International Prognostic Score in 38%. Doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine was used in 93%. The median dose of radiotherapy was 36 Gy for localized disease and 32 Gy for advanced disease. The 3 year PFS in early favourable, early unfavourable, and advanced disease were 95%, 88%, and 66%, respectively. High‐risk International Prognostic Score, advanced disease, and age greater than or equal to 60 were independently associated with poorer PFS and OS; performance status greater than or equal to 2 was also associated with a poorer OS. Poor‐risk patients predominated. Radiation doses for localized disease appear higher than current recommendations. Outcomes appear inferior in developing countries than in developed countries. Delayed diagnosis is probably a major factor underlying these findings. Scattered reports from developing nations suggest that many aspects of standard care in developed countries remain unmet needs for populations living in developing countries. The present report contributes to this body of data, with a proper description of what is currently achieved in urban areas in Brazil.
Cultivation of human dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes on keratin‐coated silica bead substrates
Authors: Tan Bee Yi , Nguyen Luong T. H. , Kim Hyo‐Sop , Kim Jae‐Ho , Ng Kee Woei 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHuman hair keratin is promising as a bioactive material platform for various biomedical applications. To explore its versatility further, human hair keratin was coated onto monolayers of silica beads to produce film‐like substrates. This combination was hypothesized to provide a synergistic effect in improving the biochemical properties of the resultant composite. Atomic force microscopy analysis showed uniform coatings of keratin on the silica beads with a slight increase in the resulting surface roughness. Keratin‐coated silica beads had higher surface energy and relatively lower negative charge than those of bare silica beads. To investigate cell response, human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), and human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) were cultured on the substrates over 4 days. Results showed that keratin coatings significantly enhanced the metabolic activity of HDFs and encouraged cell spreading but did not exert any significant effects on HEKs. HDF expression of collagen I was significantly more intense on the keratin‐coated compared to the bare silica substrates. Furthermore, HDF secretion of various cytokines suggested that keratin coatings triggered active cell responses related to wound healing. Collectively, our study demonstrated that human hair keratin‐coated silica bead monolayers have the potential to modulate HDF behavior in culture and may be exploited further. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2789–2798, 2017.
Protein engineering of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 with higher interaction with Ca phosphate based scaffold used for osteogenesis
Authors: Bayat Mohammad , Shojaei Sahar , Bahrami Naghmeh , Mohamadnia Abdolreza , Shojaei Pegah , Bahrami Naeim 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to assess the recombinant bonemorphogenetic protein 2 (RHBMP‐2) with higher substantively and solubility for use in calcium phosphate scaffolds for better release in differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblast cells. Using bioinformatics tools, two mutations (p. L10D and p. S12E) were chosen and applied in BMP2 CDS sequence to increase interaction with calcium derived composite. The new recombinant mutated sequence (BMP2mut) was synthesized and then subcloned to expression vector pBV220. Experimental data regarded functional protein expression in E. coli. Since no modification was made in the active sites of proteins namely β‐sheets and α‐helixes, not only was there any change in the specific activity occurred in the specific activity of the enzyme in comparison to its commercial counterpart, but also mesenchymal osteogenesis occurred more efficient on biphasic CaP scaffold model. As we hypothesized, use of negatively charged amino acids such as aspartate and glutamate in protein loops increased the interactions of BMP2‐Ca2+ and resulted in its slower and more sustained released from CaP scaffolds compare to commercial RHBMP2. Our data suggested that new BMP2mut have greater osteoinductive capacity than RHBMP2 in the same time and dose than RHBMP2. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2799–2805, 2017.
Screening for DEL phenotype in RhD negative Indians
Authors: Kulkarni Swati , Parchure Disha S. , Gopalkrishnan Vidya , Madkaikar Manisha 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundDEL phenotype represents a very weak form of D variant detected only by adsorption and elution technique. DEL phenotype individuals mistyped as RhD‐negative can lead to alloimmunization after transfusion or pregnancy. Molecular techniques have now been used to identify DEL variants. They are commonly encountered in the East Asian population with RHD(K409K) being the most frequent allele. RHD(M295I) is the most common DEL allele in Caucasians. As there is a paucity of data on DEL phenotype in the Indian population, the study aims to screen RhD negative individuals for two most common DEL mutations.Material and MethodsEDTA blood was collected from 900 RhD negative individuals. Serological analysis included testing for the five major Rh antigens‐ C, c, D, E, and e by tube technique. Samples showing negative reaction for the presence of D antigen by Indirect Antiglobulin test were further tested for DEL phenotype by adsorption and elution technique. Molecular analysis involved DNA extraction and testing by PCR‐SSP for RHD(K409K) and RHD(M295I) DEL alleles.ResultsRh phenotyping showed 153 Rh negative individuals with r'r, ten with r’’r and 737 with rr phenotype. All the samples tested negative for RhD antigen by adsorption and elution method. The two common DEL mutations RHD(K409K) and RHD(M295I) were also not detected in the study population.ConclusionThe study population showed the absence of the two common DEL alleles, concluding the variant to be rare. A comprehensive study with a larger sample size to look for other DEL mutations should be performed.
Fluorescent competitive aptasensor for detection of aflatoxin B1
Authors: Mukherjee Monali , Bhatt Praveena , H.K. Manonmani 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is one of the most commonly found mycotoxins in food commodities, particularly cereals, oilseeds, spices and tree nuts. In the past decade, aptamers have come into limelight and emerged as a new biosensing element replacing antibodies in various detection formats. Herein we report a faster, more sensitive, high throughput method for the detection of AFB1 using AFB1‐specific aptamers. The assay format was based on a competitive reaction of the fluorescent tagged aptamer specific to AFB1 with the aflatoxin conjugate. Under optimal conditions, a linear range of detection (50 ng to 50 pg) was achieved with a limit of detection (LOD) of 10 pg/mL in the buffer system. Results of inter‐ and intra‐assay revealed that the assay was repeatable with standard deviation in acceptable range. The assay was also validated in food samples such as dried red chilies, groundnut and whole pepper with recovery in the range of 92 to 102% at 10 ng/mL and 100 pg/mL levels. The aptasensor assay was also compared with standard analytical method of HPLC and was found to be more sensitive. This detection technique has the potential to be developed into a biosensor platform for AFB1 detection.
Pirfenidone reduces subchondral bone loss and fibrosis after murine knee cartilage injury
Authors: Chan Deva D. , Li Jun , Luo Wei , Predescu Dan N. , Cole Brian J. , Plaas Anna 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTPirfenidone is an anti‐inflammatory and anti‐fibrotic drug that has shown efficacy in lung and kidney fibrosis. Because inflammation and fibrosis have been linked to the progression of osteoarthritis, we investigated the effects of oral Pirfenidone in a mouse model of cartilage injury, which results in chronic inflammation and joint‐wide fibrosis in mice that lack hyaluronan synthase 1 (Has1−/−) in comparison to wild‐type. Femoral cartilage was surgically injured in wild‐type and Has1−/− mice, and Pirfenidone was administered in food starting after 3 days. At 4 weeks, Pirfenidone reduced the appearance, on micro‐computed tomography, of pitting in subchondral bone at, and cortical bone surrounding, the site of cartilage injury. This corresponded with a reduction in fibrotic tissue deposits as observed with gross joint surface photography. Pirfenidone resulted in significant recovery of trabecular bone parameters affected by joint injury in Has1−/− mice, although the effect in wild‐type was less pronounced. Pirfenidone also increased Safranin‐O staining of growth plate cartilage after cartilage injury and sham operation in both genotypes. Taken together with the expression of selected extracellular matrix, inflammation, and fibrosis genes, these results indicate that Pirfenidone may confer chondrogenic and bone‐protective effects, although the well‐known anti‐fibrotic effects of Pirfenidone may occur earlier in the wound‐healing response than the time point examined in this study. Further investigations to identify the specific cell populations in the joint and signaling pathways that are responsive to Pirfenidone are warranted, as Pirfenidone and other anti‐fibrotic drugs may encourage tissue repair and prevent progression of post‐traumatic osteoarthritis. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:365–376, 2018.
Collecting Validity Evidence for Simulation‐Based Assessment of Point‐of‐Care Ultrasound Skills
Authors: Jensen Jesper Kørup , Dyre Liv , Jørgensen Mattis Enggaard , Andreasen Lisbeth Anita , Tolsgaard Martin Grønnebæk 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine the validity of a simulator test designed to evaluate focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) skills.MethodsParticipants included a group of ultrasound novices (n = 25) and ultrasound experts (n = 10). All participants had their FAST skills assessed using a virtual reality ultrasound simulator. Procedural performance on the 4 FAST windows was assessed by automated simulator metrics, which received a passing or failing score. The validity evidence for these simulator metrics was examined by a stepwise approach according to the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing. Metrics with validity evidence were included in a simulator test, and the reliability of test scores was determined. Finally, a pass/fail level for procedural performance was established.ResultsOf the initial 55 metrics, 34 (61.8%) had validity evidence (P < .01). A simulator test was constructed based on the 34 metrics with established validity evidence, and test scores were calculated as percentages of the maximum score. The median simulator test scores were 14.7% (range, 0%–47.1%) and 94.1% (range, 94.1%–100%) for novices and experts, respectively (P < .001). The pass/fail level was determined to be 79.7%.ConclusionsThe performance of FAST examinations can be assessed in a simulated setting using defensible performance standards, which have both good reliability and validity.
Habitat use of female gray bats assessed using aerial telemetry
Authors: Moore Patrick R. , Risch Thomas S. , Morris D. Keith , Rolland Virginie 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTGray bats (Myotis grisescens) were listed as endangered in 1976 because of population declines resulting from cave disturbance. The Gray Bat Recovery Plan identified the need to understand habitat use by this species. Yet, this need has never been adequately addressed, partly because gray bats are a highly mobile species with large home ranges, making ground‐based tracking methods problematic. The objective of this study was to gather information on the foraging behavior of gray bats using aerial telemetry. We radio‐tracked 112 reproductive female gray bats from 5 maternity colonies in Arkansas from a fixed‐winged aircraft, in June–July of 2014 and 2015. We used fixed‐kernel density to estimate the home range used by each colony and each individual. We performed a compositional analysis to determine land cover types selected by gray bats. Aerial telemetry was successful with ≥15 independent locations gathered for 42 individuals and an error of approximately 400 m. Mean 95% individual home range was larger in 2014 (362.2 ± 24.9 [SE] km2) than in 2015 (57.9 ± 8.6 km2). Female gray bats traveled and foraged over water proportionally more than expected based on availability. Our results show that aerial telemetry is suitable to track bat movements, and given its large home range size, management strategies for gray bats should extend beyond protecting roost sites to include waterways and riparian areas. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
In‐Situ Optical Scratch Analysis and Correlation Between Tangential Force and Scratch Behavior of Thermoplastic Injection Molded Plates
Authors: Szilágyi Csongor , Seeger Philipp , Moneke Martin , Stengler Ralph 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThe Universal Surface Tester offers the possibility to perform in‐situ scratch tests while simultaneously measuring the tangential force created by micro friction between indenter and surface. With this setup, plane non‐structured injection molded plates of brittle and ductile thermoplastics were scratched using different velocities and normal loads. During scratching the movement and interaction between different indenters (diamond pyramid and steel spheres) and polymer surfaces were observed with an optical microscope. The microscope images were used to analyze the deformation response and detect any irregularities in the process. The fluctuations in tangential force could be correlated to chipping and different scratch mechanisms could be identified for the ductile and brittle thermoplastics.