bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“The Issue of Overseas Chinese in Korea” in the Signing of the “Treaty of Amity between the Republic of China and the Republic of Korea” (1952–1964) (「中韓友好條約」簽訂過程中的「韓國華僑問題」(1952–1964))
Authors: En-Mei (王恩美) Wang 
Published: June 2016

After 1949, the Republic of China and the Republic of Korea sought mutual cooperation and amity on the basis of anti-communism. The two nations used terms such as “brotherly nations” and “strong alliance” to refer to the relation between them. Despite the continuous publicizing both within the nations and internationally, the anti-communist alliance ofrocandrokdid not run as smoothly as it seemed. In fact, the two nations have never entered into a treaty of military alliance. “Treaty of Amity between the Republic of China and the Republic of Korea”, a treaty representing their amity, was not even signed until 1964.rokhad rejected several times suggestions made byrocto sign a treaty of amity, mainly due to “the issue of overseas Chinese in Korea”. In other words, “the issue of overseas Chinese in Korea” was the crucial obstacle to the signing of “Treaty of Amity between the Republic of China and the Republic of Korea”. This article investigates the influences of the issue of overseas Chinese in Korea on the signing of “Treaty of Amity between the Republic of China and the Republic of Korea” and analyzes the reasons behind the focus of the Korean government on “the issue of overseas Chinese in Korea” and the contradiction of interests during the signing process. Through the signing of “Treaty of Amity between the Republic of China and the Republic of Korea”, conflicts of interest between the two seemingly harmonious nations are revealed, indicating the complexity and pluralism aspect of the East Asian anti-communist allegiance. (This article is in Chinese.)1949年後，中華民國與大韓民國以反共為基礎，追求相互的合作與友好關係，彼此稱呼兩國關係為「兄弟之邦」、「堅強盟友」，不斷對內外宣傳兩國的反共同盟關係。然而，兩國的反共同盟關係並沒有如表面般順利進行，實際上兩國不僅沒有簽訂軍事同盟，連象徵友好關係的「中韓友好條約」也遲至1964年才簽訂。中華民國曾數次提出簽訂友好條約的要求，都遭韓國政府拒絕。韓國拒絕的最重要原因在於「韓國華僑問題」。換言之，「韓國華僑問題」是「中韓友好條約」的最大障礙因素。因此本文將探討韓國華僑問題對「中韓友好條約」簽訂過程所產生的影響，並分析韓國政府何以如此重視「韓國華僑問題」與「中韓友好條約」簽訂過程中的雙方利益衝突。透過「中韓友好條約」的簽訂過程，我們可以了解表面看來毫無衝突的兩者間，其實隱含著各自利益之衝突，可以顯現出東亞反共同盟隱藏的多元且複雜的面貌。
Nationalism across Frontiers: The Narratives and Economic Activities of Tongshuntai, an Overseas Chinese Company in Korea during the First Sino-Japanese War (愛國主義在邊境：在甲午戰爭期間旅韓華商同順泰號的故事和經濟活動)
Authors: Kang (姜抮亞) Jin-A 
Published: June 2016

This paper analyses the business communications of the Tongshuntai firm in order to examine Cantonese merchants’ attitudes and responses to the first Sino-Japanese War (1894–95). Since Tongshuntai achieved rapid commercial growth in Korea under the auspices of the Qing Empire’s political presence in Korea, Tan Jiesheng, the executive manager of Tongshuntai, kept close eyes on the political evolution of events. While his overriding concern was with preserving property value and maximizing commercial profits, he identified private interest with national interest occasionally. Being part of the commercial diaspora, Cantonese merchants in East Asia, represented by Tan Jiesheng and his trade partners, shared the position that the highest priority should be placed on preserving capital, though they, being as Chinese, wished a Chinese victory as well. For the sake of their economic survival, they regarded the Western powers and their legal protection in the open ports as the last resort. As the war against China was evolving, the assaults on the Chinese in Korea increased considerably. Ironically, while the Cantonese merchants started to despise the Japanese by calling them “Japanese dwarfs” or “Daikon head,” their biggest contempt was directed to Koreans who set fire on Chinese shops and looted them. After the battlefield was shifted into Chinese territory, Tan Jiesheng monopolized the profit of the wartime boom in Korea, taking advantage of the temporary setback of the Shandong merchants. His confidence in economic success in Korea reinforced his cynical and critical attitude toward the Qing dynasty and its bureaucrats who were forced to negotiate a humiliating peace treaty with the Japanese. (This article is in English.)
本文以分析同順泰號的交換書信來探討廣東商人對甲午戰爭的態度和反應。因爲同順泰號在駐韓淸官的保護之下得到迅速發展，同順泰號的經理譚傑生特別關注事態的進展。一方面他的最要關心始終在於保存資産和追求最高利潤，另一方面有時將國家利益視如自己的利益。譚傑生是離散在東亞的廣幇商人群體之一員。這些廣幇商人雖然祈願淸朝的戰勝，但依然優先保全資産的課題。爲了經濟上的生存，他們將西歐列强在開港口的勢力以及法律的規制看做最後的堡壘。戰時出現了朝鮮人對旅韓華商的攻擊。廣幇商人將日本人稱號倭寇或者蘿蔔頭等的蔑稱，而對華商店鋪放火和掠奪的朝鮮人却成爲他們所最蔑視的對象。在戰場轉移爲淸朝領土之後，譚傑生乘山東商人撤退的機會可以獨占戰時好況的利益。他在戰時獲得的營業成功加强了他對淸朝的批判性態度，他看到淸朝官僚在講和談判上堪耐屈辱之情況，更强化了對淸朝和淸官僚的否定態度。
Detection of pulmonary embolism using repeated MRI acquisitions without respiratory gating: a preliminary study
Authors: Nyrén Sven , Nordgren Rogberg Anna , Vargas Paris Roberto , Bengtsson Bonnie , Westerlund Eli , Lindholm Peter 
Published: June 2016

Background Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a severe medical condition with non-specific clinical findings. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) using iodinated contrast agents is the golden standard for diagnosis, but many patients have contraindications for CTA. Purpose To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of repeated acquisitions of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), without respiratory gating or breath holding, in diagnosing PE using CTA as the reference standard. Material and Methods Thirty-three patients with clinically suspected PE underwent MRI within 48 h after diagnostic CTA. A control group of 37 healthy participants underwent MRI and was matched with an equal number of negative CTA exams. The MRI protocol was based on free-breathing steady-state free precession producing 4.5 mm slices in axial, sagittal, and coronal planes. Instead of respiratory or cardiac gating five repetitive slices were obtained in each anatomical position to compensate for movement and artifacts. Clinical assessment including d-dimer and Well’s score was performed prior to imaging. One radiologist reviewed the CTA exams and two radiologists reviewed the MRI scans. Results All 70 MRI exams were of diagnostic quality and the total acquisition time for each MRI scan was 9 min 34 s. On CTA, 29 patients were diagnosed with PE and the MRI readers detected 26 and 27 of those, respectively. Specificity was 100% for both readers. Sensitivity was 90% and 93%, respectively. Inter-reader agreement using Cohen’s kappa was 0.97. Conclusion Our unenhanced MRI protocol shows a high sensitivity and specificity for PE, but further studies are required before considering it as a safe diagnostic test.
Dosing Accuracy and Insulin Flow Rate Characteristics of a New Disposable Insulin Pen, FlexTouch, Compared with SoloSTAR
Authors: Bohnet Janine , Schmitz Mario , Kamlot Stefan , Abdel-Tawab Mona 
Published: June 2016

Background: The introduction of the FlexTouch® (FT; Novo Nordisk; insulin aspart), a prefilled insulin pen with a spring-loaded mechanism, has created more insulin pen options. The present study compared the dosing accuracy of the FT with that of the manually operated SoloSTAR® (SS; Sanofi; insulin glulisine). The volumetric flow rate of insulin delivery with the FT was also evaluated. Methods: Thirty unused pens from one batch of each pen type were used to test dosing accuracy at minimum (1 U), mid (40 U), and maximum dose (80 U). Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test. Insulin flow was determined with 20 FT pens ejecting 80 U three times per pen using a mass flow meter. Results: Both insulin pens revealed excellent dosing accuracy, delivering all doses within the limits set by ISO 11608–1:2000. The average relative deviation of the actual dose from the target dose was +6.86% and +3.87% at the minimum, −0.72% and −1.01% at the mid, and −0.68% and −1.06% at the maximum dose for the SS and FT, respectively. The difference at maximum dose was statistically significant ( p = .006) in favor of the SS. The FT showed a mean maximum flow rate of 15.61 U/s, with 80.52% of the total dose delivered at an injection speed exceeding 10 U/s. Conclusions: This study demonstrated excellent dosing accuracy for the SS and FT at all tested dosage levels. The average maximum injection speed of the FT was considerably higher than the usual range of 6–10 U/s assumed for a smooth and painless injection. Further investigations should confirm the clinical relevance.
The formation of a hydrotalcite coating on the aluminium alloy 6060 using a spray system
Authors: Zhou Lingli , Friis Henrik , Roefzaad Melanie , Hansen Kasper Bondo , Eisenhardt Sara , Andersen Asger , Zangenberg Nikolaj 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCoatings with the composition of Li-Al-NO3 hydrotalcite were formed on the Al alloy 6060 using a spray system. The coatings consist of crystals with a typical hydrotalcite structure. Dense, uniform and blade-like flakes cover completely the surface of the Al substrate. The coatings display a multi-layer structure with average thickness of ∼1000 nm. The hydrotalcite-coated samples performed better than those without coatings in salt-spray and filiform-corrosion tests, and further treatment involving sealing with a Mg acetate solution and dipping in a H2O2 + Ce-based solution improved the corrosion resistance ability.
Mutational hierarchies in myelodysplastic syndromes dynamically adapt and evolve upon therapy response and failure
Authors: Mossner Maximilian , Jann Johann-Christoph , Wittig Janina , Nolte Florian , Fey Stephanie , Nowak Verena , Obländer Julia , Pressler Jovita , Palme Iris , Xanthopoulos Christina , Boch Tobias , Metzgeroth Georgia , Röhl Henning , Witt Stephanie H. , Dukal Helene , Klein Corinna , Schmitt Steffen , Gelß Patrick , Platzbecker Uwe , Balaian Ekaterina , Fabarius Alice , Blum Helmut , Schulze Torsten J. , Meggendorfer Manja , Haferlach Claudia , Trumpp Andreas , Hofmann Wolf-Karsten , Medyouf Hind , Nowak Daniel 
Published: June 2016

Key Points
Mutational trajectories are defined by complex patterns of molecular heterogeneity in MDS, including lower-risk cases. Therapeutic intervention dynamically reshapes mutational patterns often resulting in branched or independent evolution of MDS clones.
c-Myb acts in parallel and cooperatively with Cebp1 to regulate neutrophil maturation in zebrafish
Authors: Jin Hao , Huang Zhibin , Chi Yali , Wu Mei , Zhou Riyang , Zhao Lingfeng , Xu Jin , Zhen Fenghua , Lan Yahui , Li Li , Zhang Wenqing , Wen Zilong , Zhang Yiyue 
Published: June 2016

Key Pointsc-Myb is essential for neutrophil terminal differentiation by targeting granule gene expression. c-Myb and Cebp1 act cooperatively to regulate neutrophil maturation in zebrafish.
Accurate prediction of RNA-binding protein residues with two discriminative structural descriptors
Authors: Sun Meijian , Wang Xia , Zou Chuanxin , He Zenghui , Liu Wei , Li Honglin 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Background
RNA-binding proteins participate in many important biological processes concerning RNA-mediated gene regulation, and several computational methods have been recently developed to predict the protein-RNA interactions of RNA-binding proteins. Newly developed discriminative descriptors will help to improve the prediction accuracy of these prediction methods and provide further meaningful information for researchers.

Results
In this work, we designed two structural features (residue electrostatic surface potential and triplet interface propensity) and according to the statistical and structural analysis of protein-RNA complexes, the two features were powerful for identifying RNA-binding protein residues. Using these two features and other excellent structure- and sequence-based features, a random forest classifier was constructed to predict RNA-binding residues. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of five-fold cross-validation for our method on training set RBP195 was 0.900, and when applied to the test set RBP68, the prediction accuracy (ACC) was 0.868, and the F-score was 0.631.

Conclusions
The good prediction performance of our method revealed that the two newly designed descriptors could be discriminative for inferring protein residues interacting with RNAs. To facilitate the use of our method, a web-server called RNAProSite, which implements the proposed method, was constructed and is freely available at http://lilab.ecust.edu.cn/NABind.
Complete genome sequence of Leuconostoc gelidum subsp. gasicomitatum KG16-1, isolated from vacuum-packaged vegetable sausages
Authors: Andreevskaya Margarita , Hultman Jenni , Johansson Per , Laine Pia , Paulin Lars , Auvinen Petri , Björkroth Johanna 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLeuconostoc gelidum subsp. gasicomitatum is a predominant lactic acid bacterium (LAB) in spoilage microbial communities of different kinds of modified-atmosphere packaged (MAP) food products. So far, only one genome sequence of a poultry-originating type strain of this bacterium (LMG 18811T) has been available. In the current study, we present the completely sequenced and functionally annotated genome of strain KG16-1 isolated from a vegetable-based product. In addition, six other vegetable-associated strains were sequenced to study possible “niche” specificity suggested by recent multilocus sequence typing. The genome of strain KG16-1 consisted of one circular chromosome and three plasmids, which together contained 2,035 CDSs. The chromosome carried at least three prophage regions and one of the plasmids encoded a galactan degradation cluster, which might provide a survival advantage in plant-related environments. The genome comparison with LMG 18811T and six other vegetable strains suggests no major differences between the meat- and vegetable-associated strains that would explain their “niche” specificity. Finally, the comparison with the genomes of other leuconostocs highlights the distribution of functionally interesting genes across the L. gelidum strains and the genus Leuconostoc.
Antibacterial potency of different deposition methods of silver and copper containing diamond-like carbon coated polyethylene
Authors: Harrasser Norbert , Jüssen Sebastian , Obermeir Andreas , Kmeth Ralf , Stritzker Bernd , Gollwitzer Hans , Burgkart Rainer 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Background
Antibacterial coatings of medical devices have been introduced as a promising approach to reduce the risk of infection. In this context, diamond-like carbon coated polyethylene (DLC-PE) can be enriched with bactericidal ions and gain antimicrobial potency. So far, influence of different deposition methods and ions on antimicrobial effects of DLC-PE is unclear.

Methods

We quantitatively determined the antimicrobial potency of different PE surfaces treated with direct ion implantation (II) or plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) and doped with silver (Ag-DLC-PE) or copper (Cu-DLC-PE). Bacterial adhesion and planktonic growth of various strains of
S. epidermidis
were evaluated by quantification of bacterial growth as well as semiquantitatively by determining the grade of biofilm formation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally silver release kinetics of PIII-samples were detected.

Results

(1) A significant (
p
< 0.05) antimicrobial effect on PE-surface could be found for Ag- and Cu-DLC-PE compared to untreated PE. (2) The antimicrobial effect of Cu was significantly lower compared to Ag (reduction of bacterial growth by 0.8 (Ag) and 0.3 (Cu) logarithmic (log)-levels). (3) PIII as a deposition method was more effective in providing antibacterial potency to PE-surfaces than II alone (reduction of bacterial growth by 2.2 (surface) and 1.1 (surrounding medium) log-levels of PIII compared to 1.2 (surface) and 0.6 (medium) log-levels of II). (4) Biofilm formation was more decreased on PIII-surfaces compared to II-surfaces. (5) A silver-concentration-dependent release was observed on PIII-samples.

Conclusion
The results obtained in this study suggest that PIII as a deposition method and Ag-DLC-PE as a surface have high bactericidal effects.
Cellulose membrane as a biomaterial: from hydrolysis to depolymerization with electron beam
Authors: Eo Mi Young , Fan Huan , Cho Yun Ju , Kim Soung Min , Lee Suk Keun 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The cellulose membrane (CM) is a major component of plant cell walls and is both a chemically and mechanically stable synthetic polymer with many applications for use in tissue engineering. However, due to its dissolution difficulty, there are no known physiologically relevant or pharmaceutically clinical applications for this polymer. Thus, research is underway on controlled and adjusted forms of cellulose depolymerization.
To advance the study of applying CM for tissue engineering, we have suggested new possibilities for electron beam (E-beam) treatment of CM. Treatment of CM with an E-beam can modify physical, chemical, molecular and biological properties, so it can be studied continuously to improve its usefulness and to enhance value.
We review clinical applications of CM, cellulose binding domains, cellulose crosslinking proteins, conventional hydrolysis of cellulose, and depolymerization with radiation and focus our experiences with depolymerization of E-beam irradiated CM in this article.
Time-lapse monitoring of fluid-induced geophysical property variations within an unstable earthwork using P-wave refraction
Authors: Bergamo Paolo , Dashwood Ben , Uhlemann Sebastian , Swift Russell , Chambers Jonathan E. , Gunn David A. , Donohue Shane 
Published: June 2016

A significant portion of the UK’s transportation system relies on a network of geotechnical earthworks (cuttings and embankments) that were constructed more than 100 years ago, whose stability is affected by the change in precipitation patterns experienced over the past few decades. The vulnerability of these structures requires a reliable, cost- and time-effective monitoring of their geomechanical condition. We have assessed the potential application of P-wave refraction for tracking the seasonal variations of seismic properties within an aged clay-filled railway embankment, located in southwest England. Seismic data were acquired repeatedly along the crest of the earthwork at regular time intervals, for a total period of 16 months. P-wave first-break times were picked from all available recorded traces, to obtain a set of hodocrones referenced to the same spatial locations, for various dates along the surveyed period of time. Traveltimes extracted from each acquisition were then compared to track the pattern of their temporal variability. The relevance of such variations over time was compared with the data experimental uncertainty. The multiple set of hodocrones was subsequently inverted using a tomographic approach, to retrieve a time-lapse model of [Formula: see text] for the embankment structure. To directly compare the reconstructed [Formula: see text] sections, identical initial models and spatial regularization were used for the inversion of all available data sets. A consistent temporal trend for P-wave traveltimes, and consequently for the reconstructed [Formula: see text] models, was identified. This pattern could be related to the seasonal distribution of precipitation and soil-water content measured on site.
T-Cell Therapy Using Interleukin-21–Primed Cytotoxic T-Cell Lymphocytes Combined With Cytotoxic T-Cell Lymphocyte Antigen-4 Blockade Results in Long-Term Cell Persistence and Durable Tumor Regression
Authors: Chapuis Aude G. , Roberts Ilana M. , Thompson John A. , Margolin Kim A. , Bhatia Shailender , Lee Sylvia M. , Sloan Heather L. , Lai Ivy P. , Farrar Erik A. , Wagener Felecia , Shibuya Kendall C. , Cao Jianhong , Wolchok Jedd D. , Greenberg Philip D. , Yee Cassian 
Published: June 2016

PurposePeripheral blood–derived antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) provide a readily available source of effector cells that can be administered with minimal toxicity in an outpatient setting. In metastatic melanoma, this approach results in measurable albeit modest clinical responses in patients resistant to conventional therapy. We reasoned that concurrent cytotoxic T-cell lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) checkpoint blockade might enhance the antitumor activity of adoptively transferred CTLs.Patients and MethodsAutologous MART1-specific CTLs were generated by priming with peptide-pulsed dendritic cells in the presence of interleukin-21 and enriched by peptide-major histocompatibility complex multimer-guided cell sorting. This expeditiously yielded polyclonal CTL lines uniformly expressing markers associated with an enhanced survival potential. In this first-in-human strategy, 10 patients with stage IV melanoma received the MART1-specific CTLs followed by a standard course of anti–CTLA-4 (ipilimumab).ResultsThe toxicity profile of the combined treatment was comparable to that of ipilimumab monotherapy. Evaluation of best responses at 12 weeks yielded two continuous complete remissions, one partial response (PR) using RECIST criteria (two PRs using immune-related response criteria), and three instances of stable disease. Infused CTLs persisted with frequencies up to 2.9% of CD8+T cells for as long as the patients were monitored (up to 40 weeks). In patients who experienced complete remissions, PRs, or stable disease, the persisting CTLs acquired phenotypic and functional characteristics of long-lived memory cells. Moreover, these patients also developed responses to nontargeted tumor antigens (epitope spreading).ConclusionWe demonstrate that combining antigen-specific CTLs with CTLA-4 blockade is safe and produces durable clinical responses, likely reflecting both enhanced activity of transferred cells and improved recruitment of new responses, highlighting the promise of this strategy.
Distance Education: State and Development Prospects
Authors: Гайдученко  , Gayduchenko D. , Терещенко  , Tereshchenko R. , Мишин  , Mishin I. , Исабекова  , Isabekova O. , Карпов  , Karpov I. 
Published: June 2016

The present article discusses the principles of distance
education and factors affecting its quality, explores opinions of
Russian residents on distance education and analyses its usage in
the EU countries, and also identifying strengths and weaknesses of
distance education and the effectiveness of its use in Russia.
Engineering semiconductor hybrids for sensing
Authors: Gumbs Godfrey , Iurov Andrii , Huang Danhong 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe effect of screening of the coulomb interaction between two layers of two-dimensional electrons, such as in graphene, by a highly doped semiconducting substrate is investigated. We employ the random-phase approximation to calculate the dispersion equation of this hybrid structure in order to determine the plasmon excitation spectrum. When an electric current is passed through a layer, the low-frequency plasmons in the layer may bifurcate into separate streams due to the current-driving effect. At a critical wave vector, determined by the separation between layers and their distance from the surface, their phase velocities may be in opposite directions and a surface plasmon instability leads to the emission of radiation. Applications to detectors and other electromagnetic devices exploiting nano-plasmonics are discussed.
The integration and interpretation of pharmacogenomics – a comparative study between the United States of America and Europe: towards better health care
Authors: Bartlett Mark J. , Shephard Elizabeth A. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The study of pharmacogenomics has, by harnessing sequence information from human genomes, the potential to lead to novel approaches in drug discovery, an individualized application of drug therapy, and new insights into disease prevention. For this potential to be realized results need to be interpreted to the prescriber into a format which dictates an action. This mini review briefly describes the history, the regulatory environment, opinions towards, and implementation, integration and interpretation of pharmacogenomics in the United States of America and Europe. The article discusses also how interpretation of pharmacogenomics could move forward to better implementation in health care.