bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of temporal modulations in irradiance under light adapted conditions on the mouse suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN)
Authors: Dobb Rachel , Martial Franck , Elijah Daniel , Storchi Riccardo , Brown Timothy M. , Lucas Robert J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractElectrophysiological responses of SCN neurons to light steps are well established, but responses to more natural modulations in irradiance have been much less studied. We address this deficit first by showing that variations in irradiance for human subjects are biased towards low temporal frequencies and small magnitudes. Using extracellular recordings we show that neurons in the mouse SCN are responsive to stimuli with these characteristics, tracking sinusoidal modulations in irradiance best at lower temporal frequencies and responding to abrupt changes in irradiance over a range of commonly encountered contrasts. The spectral sensitivity of these light adapted responses indicates that they are driven primarily by cones, but with melanopsin (and/or rods) contributing under more gradual changes. Higher frequency modulations in irradiance increased time averaged firing of SCN neurons (typically considered to encode background light intensity) modestly over that encountered during steady exposure, but did not have a detectable effect on the circadian phase resetting efficiency of light. Our findings highlight the SCN’s ability to encode naturalistic temporal modulations in irradiance, while revealing that the circadian system can effectively integrate such signals over time such that phase-resetting responses remain proportional to the mean light exposure.
A cross-sectional comparative study of gut bacterial community of Indian and Finnish children
Authors: Kumbhare Shreyas V. , Kumar Himanshu , Chowdhury Somak P. , Dhotre Dhiraj P. , Endo Akihito , Mättö Jaana , Ouwehand Arthur C. , Rautava Samuli , Joshi Ruchi , Patil Nitinkumar P. , Patil Ravindra H. , Isolauri Erika , Bavdekar Ashish R. , Salminen Seppo , Shouche Yogesh S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe human gut microbiome plays a crucial role in the compositional development of gut microbiota. Though well documented in western pediatrics population, little is known about how various host conditions affect populations in different geographic locations such as the Indian subcontinent. Given the impact of distinct environmental conditions, our study assess the gut bacterial diversity of a small cohort of Indian and Finnish children and investigated the influence of FUT2 secretor status and birth mode on the gut microbiome of these populations. Using multiple profiling techniques, we show that the gut bacterial community structure in 13–14-year-old Indian (n = 47) and Finnish (n = 52) children differs significantly. Specifically, Finnish children possessed higher Blautia and Bifidobacterium, while genera Prevotella and Megasphaera were predominant in Indian children. Our study also demonstrates a strong influence of FUT2 and birth mode variants on specific gut bacterial taxa, influence of which was noticed to differ between the two populations under study.
Immunization of cervidized transgenic mice with multimeric deer prion protein induces self-antibodies that antagonize chronic wasting disease infectivity in vitro
Authors: Abdelaziz Dalia H. , Thapa Simrika , Abdulrahman Basant , Lu Li , Jain Shikha , Schatzl Hermann M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractChronic wasting disease (CWD) is the most contagious prion disease. It is expanding rapidly in North America, was found recently in Europe, and the potential for transmission to humans cannot be excluded yet. We hypothesized that it is possible to prevent peripheral CWD infection and CWD prion shedding by inducing auto-antibodies against the cellular prion protein (PrPC) by active vaccination. Our objective is to overcome self-tolerance against PrP by using a multimeric recombinant PrP (recPrP) as an immunogen. We expressed in E. coli, purified and refolded four immunogens: cervid and murine recPrP in monomeric and dimeric form. Testing immunogenicity in sera of the vaccinated transgenic mice expressing cervid PrP revealed that all four immunogens effectively overcame self-tolerance against the prion protein as shown by high antibody titers. Confocal microscopy analysis revealed effective binding of post-immune sera to surface-located PrPC in both murine and cervid PrP expressing cultured cells. Remarkably, the post-immune auto-antibodies effectively inhibited CWD-induced prion conversion in RT-QuIC assay when incubated with either PrP substrate or CWD seed. Furthermore, they mitigated prion propagation in CWD-infected cervid-PrP expressing RK13 cells. Together, multimeric recombinant cervid PrP effectively overcomes self-tolerance to PrP and induces auto-antibodies that interfere with CWD conversion in vitro.
Image-based closed-loop feedback for highly mono-dispersed microdroplet production
Authors: Crawford D. F. , Smith C. A. , Whyte G. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMicron-scale droplets isolated by an immiscible liquid can provide miniaturised reaction vessels which can be manipulated in microfluidic networks, and has seen a rapid growth in development. In many experiments, the precise volume of these microdroplets is a critical parameter which can be influenced by many external factors. In this work, we demonstrate the combination of imaging-based feedback and pressure driven pumping to accurately control the size of microdroplets produced in a microfluidic device. The use of fast-response, pressure-driving pumps allows the microfluidic flow to be quickly and accurately changed, while directly measuring the droplet size allows the user to define the more meaningful parameters of droplet size and generation frequency rather than flow rates or pressures. The feedback loop enables the drift correction of pressure based pumps, and leads to a large increase in the mono-dispersity of the droplets produced over long periods. We also show how this can be extended to control multiple liquid flows, allowing the frequency of droplet formation or the average concentration of living cells per droplet to be controlled and kept constant.
Multiple mining impacts induce widespread changes in ecosystem dynamics in a boreal lake
Authors: Leppänen Jaakko Johannes , Weckström Jan , Korhola Atte 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn order to satisfy the needs of constant economic growth, the pressure to exploit natural resources has increased. Since accessible mineral resources are becoming scarce, the mining industry is constantly looking for novel techniques to allow commercial exploitation of lower-grade deposits. However, mining can have considerable impacts on freshwater ecosystems. Here, we present the ecological damage inflicted by mine water originating from the massive Terrafame Talvivaara polymetal mine (central Finland), where bioheap leaching is being applied to high-sulphur low-grade ore. We found that saline mine water has turned the lake meromictic, and sediment is heavily contaminated. As a result, important zooplankton and phytoplankton groups have been significantly altered. As the exploitation of poor-grade deposits is the future of the mining industry globally, water management should be taken to a higher level in order to proceed towards a sustainable mining sector.
UPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based metabonomic studies on the intervention effects of aspirin eugenol ester in atherosclerosis hamsters
Authors: Ma Ning , Yang Yajun , Liu Xiwang , Kong Xiaojun , Li Shihong , Qin Zhe , Jiao Zenghua , Li Jianyong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBased on the pro-drug principle, aspirin and eugenol were used to synthesize aspirin eugenol ester (AEE) by esterification reaction. In present study, the anti-atherosclerosis effects of AEE were investigated in hamsters with the utilization of metabonomic approach based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Biochemical parameters and histopathological injures in stomach, liver and aorta were evaluated. In atherosclerotic hamster, oral administration of AEE normalized biochemical profile such as reducing TG, TCH and LDL, and significantly reduced body weight gain, alleviated hepatic steatosis and improved pathological lesions in aorta. Slight damages in stomach mucous were found in AEE group. Plasma and urine samples in control, model and AEE groups were scattered in the partial least squares-discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) score plots. Thirteen endogenous metabolites in plasma such as lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC), leucine and valine, and seventeen endogenous metabolites in urine such as citric acid, phenol sulphate and phenylacetylglycine were selected as potential biomarkers associated with atherosclerosis. They were considered to be in response to anti-atherosclerosis effects of AEE, mainly involved in glycerophospholipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism and energy metabolism. This study extended the understanding of endogenous alterations of atherosclerosis and offered insights into the pharmacodynamic activity of AEE.
Training Peer Partners to Use a Speech-Generating Device With Classmates With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Exploring Communication Outcomes Across Preschool Contexts
Authors: Thiemann-Bourque Kathy S. , McGuff Sara , Goldstein Howard 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
This study examined effects of a peer-mediated intervention that provided training on the use of a speech-generating device for preschoolers with severe autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and peer partners.

Method

Effects were examined using a multiple probe design across 3 children with ASD and limited to no verbal skills. Three peers without disabilities were taught to
Stay, Play,
and
Talk
using a GoTalk 4+ (Attainment Company) and were then paired up with a classmate with ASD in classroom social activities. Measures included rates of communication acts, communication mode and function, reciprocity, and engagement with peers.

Results
Following peer training, intervention effects were replicated across 3 peers, who all demonstrated an increased level and upward trend in communication acts to their classmates with ASD. Outcomes also revealed moderate intervention effects and increased levels of peer-directed communication for 3 children with ASD in classroom centers. Additional analyses revealed higher rates of communication in the added context of preferred toys and snack. The children with ASD also demonstrated improved communication reciprocity and peer engagement.

Conclusions
Results provide preliminary evidence on the benefits of combining peer-mediated and speech-generating device interventions to improve children's communication. Furthermore, it appears that preferred contexts are likely to facilitate greater communication and social engagement with peers.
Indium(III)-Catalyzed Transformations of Alkynes: Recent Advances in Carbo- and Heterocyclization Reactions
Authors: Selander Nicklas , Pathipati Stalin , van der Werf Angela 
Published: August 2017

The use of a well-chosen catalyst is instrumental for the development of more efficient, economical and environmentally friendly reactions. In recent decades, indium-based catalysts have proven to be competitive and useful alternatives to transition-metal catalysts such as silver and gold. In this short review, we present some of the recent advances in indium(III)-catalyzed transformations of alkynes, with a focus on cyclization reactions.1	Introduction2	Terminal Alkynes as Nucleophiles3	Nucleophilic Additions to Alkynes4	Carbo- and Heterocyclization Reactions4.1	Carbocyclization4.2	Oxygen-Based Heterocycles4.3	Nitrogen-Based Heterocycles4.4	Sulfur-Based Heterocycles5	Conclusion
Total Knee Arthroplasty in Combination with Osteotomies around the Knee
Authors: Brinkman Justus-Martijn , Rutten Bas , van Heerwaarden Ronald 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOsteotomy around the knee preceding total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has long been perceived as a factor contributing to higher complication rates and increased risk of revision as compared with primary TKA. However, recent systematic reviews and large registry analysis have not been able to confirm this perception. Technical difficulties and slightly higher complication rates can be attributed to older lateral closing wedge tibial osteotomy techniques and are not reported for the more frequently performed tibial medial opening wedge techniques. In the first part of this article, the latest information on this topic will be summarized. The second part of this article deals with osteotomies combined with TKA. Guidelines will be presented for the treatment of osteoarthritic patients with large leg deformities or extra-articular deformities. We aim to describe the latest advances in preoperative planning techniques, including a stepwise decision-making process and a review of the literature about this topic.
Prenatal Therapy with Magnesium Sulfate and Its Correlation with Neonatal Serum Magnesium Concentration
Authors: García Alonso L. , Pumarada Prieto M. , González Colmenero E. , Concheiro Guisán A. , Suárez Albo M. , Durán Fernández-Feijoo C. , González Durán L. , Fernández Lorenzo J. R. 
Published: August 2017

Introduction Antenatal magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) administration has shown to be effective in minimizing cerebral palsy and severe motor dysfunction at the age of 2 years. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the magnesium dose delivered to the mother and the magnesium concentration in the neonates.
Materials and Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted on neonates of less than 32 weeks' gestation admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of University Hospital Complex of Vigo from December 2012 to July 2015. Comparative analysis of magnesium levels between the groups of neonates exposed to MgSO4 and the control group.
Results A total of 118 neonates were included in the study. The mothers of 62 of them had received MgSO4 as a neuroprotective agent. There was a significant correlation between the full dose of MgSO4 received by the mother and the levels of magnesium in the neonate in the first 24 hours of life (r
2 = 0.397; p < 0.001).
Conclusion The MgSO4 dose received by the mother has a linear relationship with the magnesium levels obtained in neonates.
The Hemodynamics of Labor in Women Undergoing Vaginal and Cesarean Deliveries as Determined by Whole Body Bioimpedance
Authors: Ashwal Eran , Shinar Shiri , Orbach-Zinger Sharon , Lev Shaul , Gat Roi , Kedar Liron , Pauzner Yehuda , Aviram Amir , Yogev Yariv , Hiersch Liran 
Published: August 2017

Objective The objective of this study was to assess the hemodynamics of labor, delivery, and 48 hours postpartum in women undergoing vaginal and cesarean deliveries by utilizing a whole body bioimpedance-based device.
Materials and Methods A prospective longitudinal single-center observational study was performed between September 2014 and September 2015. The hemodynamics of low-risk women undergoing spontaneous vaginal delivery were compared with those undergoing elective cesarean sections. Cardiac index (CI), stroke index, total peripheral resistance index (TPRI), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were assessed at different time points during delivery and in the immediate postpartum period (1, 24, and 48 hours postpartum).
Results Eighty-seven women were evaluated, 63 parturients in the vaginal delivery group and 24 in the cesarean delivery group. Normal vaginal delivery was characterized by a reduction in MAP and CI after epidural anesthesia, whereas elective cesarean sections were characterized by a rise in MAP and CI after spinal anesthesia. As labor progressed, CI increased reaching its peak during the second stage. Immediately following delivery, TPRI declined to its nadir with no significant change in CI. As opposed to vaginal delivery, in cesarean delivery, TPRI peaked within 1-hour postpartum resulting in a significant decline in CI.
Conclusion Whole body bioimpedance can be used effectively to assess the hemodynamics of vaginal and cesarean deliveries.
Update: COPD-Behandlung
Authors: Wirtz Lina 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) ist eine chronische
Lungenerkrankung mit Verengung der Atemwege. Physiotherapie ist ein
wesentlicher Bestandteil der Behandlung von COPD-Patienten. Je nach Ausprägung
und Stadium der Erkrankung stehen die Sekretolyse, das Verbessern der
Ventilation, die Thorax- und allgemeine Mobilisation im Vordergrund der
Therapie.
Mischkollagenose, Overlap-Kollagenose und undifferenzierte Kollagenose
Authors: Merkt W. , Lorenz H.-M. , Fiehn C. 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungNeben den klassifizierbaren Kollagenosen gibt es eine Gruppe ehemals unklassifizierbarer Erkrankungen, die sich klinische und serologische Gemeinsamkeiten mit den klassifizierbaren Kollagenosen teilen. In den letzten Jahren wurden diese „unklassifizierbaren“ Kollagenosen, nämlich die Mischkollagenose, die Overlap-Kollagenose und die undifferenzierte Kollagenose epidemiologisch und teilweise auch pathogenetisch aufgearbeitet. Wir umreißen in diesem Artikel aktuelle Erkenntnisse in der Pathogenese, die neuere Literatur zu Klassifikation und Diagnose sowie die noch geringe Evidenz zu therapeutischen Möglichkeiten.
Glucocorticoids promote Von Hippel Lindau degradation and Hif-1α stabilization
Authors: Vettori Andrea , Greenald David , Wilson Garrick K. , Peron Margherita , Facchinello Nicola , Markham Eleanor , Sinnakaruppan Mathavan , Matthews Laura C. , McKeating Jane A. , Argenton Francesco , van Eeden Fredericus J. M. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
An in vivo chemical screen in zebrafish identified glucocorticoids (GCs) as activators of hypoxia-inducible factor transcriptional responses in the liver. This cross-talk is conserved in human liver and requires glucocorticoid receptor signaling but not DNA binding. In human liver cells, GCs down-regulate Von Hippel Lindau expression at a posttranscriptional level most likely through c-src–mediated proteasomal degradation. Since the liver is an important regulator of blood glucose and hypoxia-inducible factors regulate gluconeogenesis/glycogen synthesis, cross-talk between these transcriptional regulators may be essential to control glucose metabolism in the liver. This identified, conserved, noncanonical pathway may have wider physiological significance in health and disease.
Teachers’ conceptualization and enactment of twenty‐first century competences: exploring dimensions for new curricula
Authors: van de Oudeweetering Karmijn , Voogt Joke 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTDespite the advocated importance of twenty‐first century competences in education, it appears that they are not systematically integrated in national curricula, school curricula and classroom activities. Potential explanations can be found in the current ambiguity of definitions for twenty‐first century competences and the absence of educational actors in curriculum development. Responding to both shortcomings, this study aims to explore how teachers’ conceptualization and enactment of twenty‐first century competences constitute dimensions that can inform curricular guidelines. An exploratory factor analysis of teachers’ self‐reported classroom activities that foster students’ twenty‐first century competences was conducted. The data comprised responses of 2,804 primary‐ and secondary‐school teachers to a web‐survey about the perceived occurrence of specific classroom activities targeting twenty‐first century competences. Results suggested six coherent dimensions of classroom activities that foster twenty‐first century competences: digital literacy, innovative thinking, critical thinking and communication, (digital) citizenship, self‐regulated learning, and (computer‐supported) collaborative learning. Nevertheless, there were substantial interrelationships among the six dimensions. This demonstrated that teachers did not perceive twenty‐first century competences to be fostered by disconnected classroom activities, but that they already have a more integrative conception of the curricular innovation. The implications of these findings for curricula, teaching practice and research are discussed.
Shoe drop reduction influences the lower limb biomechanics of children tennis players during an open stance forehand: A longitudinal study
Authors: Herbaut Alexis , Simoneau‐Buessinger Emilie , Barbier Franck , Gillet Christophe , Roux Maxime , Guéguen Nils , Chavet Pascale 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCompared to traditional tennis shoes, using 0‐drop shoes was shown to induce an immediate switch from rear‐ to forefoot strike pattern to perform an open stance tennis forehand for 30% of children tennis players. The purpose of the study was to examine the long‐term effects of a gradual reduction in the shoe drop on the biomechanics of children tennis players performing open stance forehands. Thirty children tennis players participated in 2 laboratory biomechanical test sessions (intermediate: +4 months and final: +8 months) after an inclusion visit where they were randomly assigned to control (CON) or experimental (EXP) group. CON received 12‐mm‐drop shoes twice, whereas EXP received 8 mm then 4‐mm‐drop shoes. Strike index indicated that all CON were rearfoot strikers in intermediate and final test sessions. All EXP were rearfoot strikers in intermediate test session, but half the group switched towards a forefoot strike pattern in final test session. This switch resulted in a decreased loading rate of the ground reaction force (−73%, p = .005) but increased peak ankle plantarflexors moment (+47%, p = .050) and peak ankle power absorption (+107%, p = .005) for these participants compared with CON. Biomechanical changes associated with the long‐term use of partial minimalist shoes suggest a reduction in heel compressive forces but an increase in Achilles tendon tensile forces.
Metal assisted photochemical etching of 4H silicon
carbide
Authors: Leitgeb Markus , Zellner Christopher , Schneider Michael , Schwab Stefan , Hutter Herbert , Schmid Ulrich 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Metal assisted photochemical etching (MAPCE) of 4H–silicon carbide (SiC) in
Na2S2O8/HF and
H2O2/HF aqueous solutions is investigated with platinum as
metallic cathode. The formation process of the resulting porous layer is studied
with respect to etching time, concentration and type of oxidizing agent. From
the experiments it is concluded that the porous layer formation is due to
electron hole pairs generated in the semiconductor, which stem from UV light
irradiation. The generated holes are consumed during the oxidation of
4H–SiC and the formed oxide is dissolved by HF. To maintain charge
balance, the oxidizing agent has to take up electrons at the Pt/etching solution
interface.
Total dissolution of the porous layers is achieved when the oxidizing agent
concentration decreases during MAPCE. In combination with standard
photolithography, the definition of porous regions is possible. Furthermore
chemical micromachining of 4 H–SiC at room temperature is possible.