bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic syndrome traits differentially and cumulatively influence micro‐ and macrovascular disease risk in patients with MASLD
Authors: Henney Alex E. , Riley David R. , Hydes Theresa J. , Anson Matthew , Ibarburu Gema H. , Zhao Sizheng S. , Cuthbertson Daniel J. , Alam Uazman 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe cumulative impact of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components on micro‐ and macrovascular disease in metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is unclear. We aimed to determine whether the number of the MetS components increases the risk of micro‐ and macrovascular disease in patients with MASLD.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of electronic medical records using the TriNetX network, a global federated database. The exposure arm was patients with hepatic steatosis (defined via International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision coding, or modified hepatic steatosis index), and ≥1 MetS components (obesity/central adiposity, insulin resistance, hypertension, or dyslipidaemia), compared with a reference arm of adults without any MetS components or hepatic steatosis. Our propensity score matched (1:1) for confounders with 5 years of follow‐up. Primary outcomes included microvascular (peripheral neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy) and macrovascular (cardiovascular events, cerebrovascular accidents, and peripheral vascular disease) disease. Secondary analyses assessed the impact of additional MetS components on these outcomes, as well as the impact of sex.ResultsMASLD, defined by hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance (n = 15 937), carried the highest risk of microvascular disease (HR 13.93 (95% CI 8.55–22.68)), whilst MASLD, defined by hepatic steatosis and hypertension (n = 53 028), carried the highest risk of macrovascular disease (7.23 (6.45–8.13)). MASLD with all MetS components carried greatest risk of both micro‐ (31.20 (28.88–33.70) (n = 462 789)) and macrovascular (8.04 (7.33–8.82) (n = 336 010)) disease.ConclusionWe demonstrate a differential effect of MetS components on micro‐ and macrovascular disease risk in patients with MASLD, with a cumulative impact of multiple MetS on overall risk. The impact of MetS components was most pronounced in women. Aggressive metabolic risk factor management is critical for prevention of micro‐ and macrovascular complications.
Socioeconomic factors associated with the presence of and outcomes in metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease
Authors: Nasr Patrik , Shang Ying , Wester Axel , Strandberg Rickard , Widman Linnea , Lazarus Jeffrey V. , Hagström Hannes 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsThe association between socioeconomic factors and disease severity is not well studied in people living with metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). We thus examined if socioeconomic factors influence the presence of, or risk for future, major adverse liver outcomes (MALOs) in people living with MASLD.MethodsWe conducted a register‐based cohort study that included all individuals with a MASLD diagnosis between 1987 and 2020 in Sweden. Logistic and Cox regression were used to examine the association between socioeconomic factors (country of birth, educational level, and marital status) and the presence of MALOs before or upon MASLD diagnosis or during follow‐up, respectively.ResultsIn total, 14 026 people living with MASLD were identified, among whom the median age was 55 years, 50% were male and 775 (5.5%) had MALOs before or upon diagnosis. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for pre‐existing MALOs was higher in divorced (aOR = 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06–1.57) compared to married individuals. The aOR for pre‐existing MALOs was lower among those with >12 years of education (aOR = .76, 95% CI = .62–.93) compared to individuals with an education level of 10–12 years. During a 5.2‐year median follow‐up, several socioeconomic factors were associated with increased rates of developing MALOs in a crude model; however, none were independently associated with incident MALOs after adjustment for confounders.ConclusionsSocioeconomic factors were associated with somewhat higher odds for prevalent, but not incident, MALOs in people living with MASLD, after adjustments. This suggests primarily that risk factors for fibrosis progression are differently distributed across socioeconomic subgroups.
Equilibrium vertical structure with a common supplier
Authors: Choi Kangsik , Han Sangheon , Lee DongJoon 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe consider a vertically related market, in which each downstream firm produces a differentiated product by assembling a key input produced by a common supplier and another input produced by a dedicated upstream firm. On the one hand, vertical integration has the advantage of inducing the common supplier to set a lower input price, but the disadvantage of reducing downstream firms' competitiveness in the downstream market. On the other hand, vertical separation has the advantage of increasing downstream firms' competitiveness in the downstream market but the disadvantage of inducing the common supplier to set a higher input price. Contrary to results of previous studies, we find that the existence of a common supplier can lead to vertical integration under Cournot competition, which emerges as a unique equilibrium when a common supplier adopts input discrimination. Although vertical integration is better for the individual firms, it reduces the total welfare. Even when the common supplier uses uniform input pricing, vertical integration also emerges in equilibrium.
Abscisic acid‐induced H2O2 production positively regulates the activity of SAPK8/9/10 through oxidation of the type one protein phosphatase OsPP47
Authors: Qin Caihua , Fan Xing , Fang Qianqian , Yu Honghua , Ni Lan , Jiang Mingyi 
Published: September 2024

Summary

Subclass III sucrose nonfermenting1‐related protein kinase 2s (SnRK2s) are positive regulators of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling and abiotic stress responses. However, the underlying activation mechanisms of osmotic stress/ABA‐activated protein kinase 8/9/10 (SAPK8/9/10) of rice (Oryza sativa) subclass III SnRK2s in ABA signaling remain to be elucidated.

In this study, we employed biochemical, molecular biology, cell biology, and genetic approaches to identify the molecular mechanism by which OsPP47, a type one protein phosphatase in rice, regulates SAPK8/9/10 activity in ABA signaling.

We found that OsPP47 not only physically interacted with SAPK8/9/10 but also interacted with ABA receptors PYLs. OsPP47 negatively regulated ABA sensitivity in seed germination and root growth. In the absence of ABA, OsPP47 directly inactivated SAPK8/9/10 by dephosphorylation. In the presence of ABA, ABA‐bound OsPYL2 formed complexes with OsPP47 and inhibited its phosphatase activity, partially releasing the inhibition of SAPK8/9/10. SAPK8/9/10‐mediated H2O2 production inhibited OsPP47 activity by oxidizing Cys‐116 and Cys‐256 to form OsPP47 oligomers, resulting in not only preventing the OsPP47‐SAPK8/9/10 interaction but also blocking the inhibition of SAPK8/9/10 activity by OsPP47.

Our results reveal novel pathways for the inhibition of SAPK8/9/10 in the basal state and for the activation of SAPK8/9/10 induced by ABA in rice.
What the golden rule teaches us about ethics
Authors: Ward Shane William 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Golden Rule is regularly used in ordinary life, across many different cultures, to acquire new moral knowledge. At the same time, the Golden Rule is widely ignored both in ethics and metaethics because it seems to be an implausible normative theory. Most philosophers who have paid it any attention have thought that, at best, it is an initially tempting thought whose appeal should be explained by the ultimately correct normative theory. My aim in this paper is to attend to an alternative possibility: the Golden Rule teaches us something about metaethics, in the form of moral epistemology, rather than normative ethics. I will argue that sentimentalism, the view that the emotions are an essential source of moral knowledge, provides a compelling explanation of the usefulness of the Golden Rule. Before giving the sentimentalist explanation, I explain why proposed alternative sources of moral knowledge provide less compelling explanations of its usefulness.
“I feel I should put that work in”: Discourses of effortfulness and essentialism among post‐Brexit applicants for Irish citizenship
Authors: Scully Marc 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article explores the post‐Brexit increase in applications for Irish passports through descent, and in so doing, seeks to develop a social/political psychology of diasporic citizenship. It draws on a focus group and 10 individual interviews, all conducted in 2018–19; participants were all based in England and had applied, or were in the process of applying, for Irish passports through descent in the aftermath of Brexit. Analysis, using perspectives from discursive psychology, attended to both rhetoric and narratives of citizenship in participants' talk about the application process and identification with Ireland and Irishness. Participants draw on discourses of both effortfulness and essentialism in working up claims to Irish identity, with effortfulness in acquiring transnational knowledge being particularly central in rhetorically legitimizing less secure claims. The analysis thus builds on previous political psychological work highlighting the centrality of “effortfulness” to contemporary constructions of citizenship, particularly in the United Kingdom (Anderson & Gibson, 2020; Gibson, 2009). It is furthermore suggested that explicitly labeled “noneffortfulness” can act as a rhetorical marker of belonging. The implications of these findings for concepts of diasporic citizenship and debates around jus soli versus jus sanguinis citizenship in both Ireland and Britain are discussed.
HAIRY MERISTEM proteins regulate the WUSCHEL protein levels in mediating CLAVATA3 expression
Authors: Rodriguez Kevin , Kao Lloyd , Cerbantez‐Bueno Vincent E. , Delgadillo Christian , Nguyen Dorothy , Ullah Samin , Delgadillo Cameron , Reddy G. Venugopala 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe precise regulation of stem cells in the shoot apical meristems (SAMs) involves the function of the homeodomain transcription factor (TF)‐WUSCHEL (WUS). WUS has been shown to move from the site of production‐the rib‐meristem (RM), into overlaying cells of the central zone (CZ), where it specifies stem cells and also regulates the transcription of CLAVATA3 (CLV3). The secreted signalling peptide CLV3 activates a receptor kinase signalling that restricts WUS transcription and also regulates the nuclear gradient of WUS by offsetting nuclear export. WUS has been shown to regulate both CLV3 levels and spatial activation, restricting its expression to a few cells in the CZ. The HAIRY MERISTEM (HAM), a GRASS‐domain class of TFs expressed in the RM, has been shown to physically interact with WUS and regulate CLV3 expression. However, the mechanisms by which this interaction regulates CLV3 expression non‐cell autonomously remain unclear. Here, we show that HAM function is required for regulating the WUS protein stability, and the CLV3 expression responds to altered WUS protein levels in ham mutants. Thus, HAM proteins non‐cell autonomously regulates CLV3 expression.
ACCELERATED CELLDEATH 6 is a crucial genetic factor shaping the natural diversity of age‐ and salicylic acid‐induced leaf senescence in Arabidopsis
Authors: Lyu Jae Il , Kim Jin Hee , Chuong Nguyen Nguyen , Doan Phan Phuong Thao , Chu Hyosub , Baek Seung Hee , Lim Pyung Ok , Kim Jeongsik 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLeaf senescence is a crucial process throughout evolution, vital for plant fitness as it facilitates the gradual shift of energy allocation between photosynthesis and catabolism overtime. This onset is influenced by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors, making senescence a key adaptation mechanism for plants in their natural habitats. Our study investigated the genetic mechanism underlying age‐induced leaf senescence in Arabidopsis natural populations. Using a phenome high‐throughput investigator, we comprehensively analyzed senescence responses across 234 Arabidopsis accessions and identified that environmental factors (e.g., ambient temperature) and physiological factors (e.g., defense responses) are substantially linked to senescence phenotypes. Through genome‐wide association mapping, we identified the ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 6 (ACD6) locus as a potential regulator of senescence variation among natural accessions. Knocking out ACD6 in accessions with early and delayed senescence phenotypes resulted in varying degrees of delay in age‐induced senescence, highlighting the accession‐dependent regulatory role of ACD6 in leaf senescence. Furthermore, our findings suggest ACD6's involvement in senescence regulation via the salicylic acid signaling pathway. In summary, our study sheds light on the genetic regulation of leaf senescence in Arabidopsis natural populations, with the discovery of ACD6 as a potential candidate for genetic modification to enhance plant adaptation and survival.
The adaptation of lichen symbiosis to desert saline‐alkali stress depends more on their symbiotic algae
Authors: Li Biting , Mamuti Reyim , Xiao Liting , Qian Ben , Wang Yanyan , Wei Xinli 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSoil salinization is a major environmental threat to the entire terrestrial ecosystem. Lichens arose from the symbiosis of fungi and algae or cyanobacteria. They have a high tolerance to various extreme environments, including adaptation to saline‐alkali habitats. Thus, lichens are pioneer species on saline‐alkali soil. However, the separate resilience of the two symbiotic partners under saline‐alkali conditions remains insufficiently understood. In this study, two representative symbiotic algae, Diplosphaera chodatii and Trebouxia jamesii, were studied for their physiological response to the saline‐alkali stress by adjusting different concentrations of NaHCO3, together with their respective symbiotic fungi Endocarpon pusillum (terricolous lichen) and Umbilicaria muhlenbergii (saxicolous lichen). The results indicate that cell growth rate and biomass in all four cultures decreased in alkali‐alkaline substrate, while cellular activities and ultrastructure were affected to a distinct extent. Compared with the symbiotic fungi, the algae were found to be more active in coordinating oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation damage under the saline‐alkali stress. The antioxidant system of the alga was especially shown as a key adaptive trait and it provides an important strategy for species survival and persistence in arid saline‐alkali desert. The specific survival ability of the lichen symbiosis relies on the stress resilience advantages of the symbiotic partners in combination. Our study provided new insights into understanding the adaptation of lichen symbiosis to desert saline‐alkali soil, and the potential of lichen symbiotic algae in the future desert ecological restoration.
Commemorating festive performances in popular print in sixteenth‐century Italy☆
Authors: Versendaal Rozanne 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe aim of this article is to show that the popular print sold and distributed during and after festive events, such as Carnival, had an impact on the commemoration and shaping of festive culture in early modern Italy. That is, the mass medium of print that had begun to shape European cultures, especially in Italy where Venice was one of Europe's first major printing centres, created festive pamphlets and small books that were attractive for individuals in various cities in Northern and Central Italy. This becomes apparent not only from the sources themselves but also from the connections that exist between these sources and historical and theatrical contexts. A study of popular print related to festive events addresses the most important criticisms of festival studies, namely that festivals were primarily local affairs, which would prevent researchers from making a meaningful contribution to festive culture studies on a larger scale. This article aims to overcome this by studying a selection of affordable pamphlets and small books, presenting the Carnivalesque text La guerra di Carnovale contro la Quaresima, which was intended for large audiences.
Climate risk and green total factor productivity in agriculture: The moderating role of climate policy uncertainty
Authors: Wang Miao , Song Yangle , Zhang Xinmin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn light of the escalating global warming and the escalating frequency of extreme weather events, the agricultural sector, being a fundamental and pivotal industry worldwide, is encountering substantial challenges due to climate change. Using Chinese provincial panel data for 2000–2021, this paper utilizes a two‐way fixed‐effect model to investigate the impact of Climate Risk (CR) on green total factor productivity in agriculture (AGTFP), with China's climate policy uncertainty (CPU) being introduced as a moderating variable within the research framework to scrutinize its influence in this context. The findings reveal a noteworthy adverse effect of CR on AGTFP, further exacerbated by CPU. Heterogeneity analysis results show that there is a clear regional variation in the effect of CR on AGTFP across different Chinese regions, with CR significantly inhibiting AGTFP development in the northern regions and provinces in major grain producing regions. Consequently, there is a pressing necessity to bolster the establishment of climate change monitoring infrastructures, devise tailored climate adaptation strategies at a regional level, and enhance the clarity and predictability of climate policies to fortify the resilience and sustainability of agricultural production systems.
The effectiveness of exercise in alleviating long COVID symptoms: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cheng Xueyan , Cao Mengyao , Yeung Wing‐Fai , Cheung Denise Shuk Ting 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundLong COVID is prevalent in the general population. Exercise is a promising component of rehabilitation for long COVID patients.AimThis study examined the effects of exercise interventions on managing long COVID symptoms.MethodsIn this systematic review and meta‐analysis, a systematic search was conducted through June 2023 using keywords such as “long COVID” and “post‐acute COVID‐19 syndrome” among major electronic databases. Randomized controlled trials that examined the effect of exercise on patients suffering from long COVID were included. Nine studies involving 672 individuals were included in this study.ResultsThe main outcomes for exercise interventions in patients with long COVID were fatigue, dyspnea, anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment. The exercise interventions comprised aerobic exercise, multimodal exercise, breathing exercise, and Taichi. Most of the included studies (6/9) were at high risk of bias. According to the meta‐analyses, exercise significantly improved long COVID fatigue (ES = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.27 to 1.50) and dyspnea (ES = 1.21, 95% CI [0.33, 2.09]), whereas no significant effect was identified on long COVID anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment. According to subgroup analyses, multimodal exercise had the broadest spectrum of benefits on long COVID symptoms (including fatigue, dyspnea, and depression), and supervised exercise, intervention frequency ≤4 times a week, the passive control group also showed a positive effect on some long COVID symptoms.
Optimum Size and Heat Transfer and Velocity Correlations of the Outer and Inner Surfaces of Vertical Hollow Polygonal Cylinders in Natural Convection
Authors: Kalendar Abdulrahim , Sherif S. A. , Altwijri Faisal 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLaminar natural convection heat transfer from vertical hollow polygonal cylinders with a wide range of cross-sectional areas is investigated. The buoyancy-driven three-dimensional (3D) flow around hollow polygonal cylinders immersed in quiescent ambient air with equal outer and inner surface temperatures is analyzed. The governing equations are numerically solved in nondimensional variables using the finite volume method. The numerical solution is validated using available experimental and numerical data. Results of the mean Nusselt number for the outer (Nu¯ho) and inner (Nu¯hi) surfaces are obtained by varying a number of key parameters. These parameters are the Rayleigh number based on the cylinder height (Rah) in the range 103≤ Rah≤ 107, the nondimensional cross-sectional area (AC) in the range 0.006 ≤ AC≤ 0.5, and the number of sides of the polygon (N) in the range 6 ≤ N ≤∞. In all cases, a Prandtl number (Pr) of 0.7 has been assumed. The study shows that at a certain Rayleigh number and a certain number of sides, the heat transfer rate from the inner surface decreases (by as much as 79.8%) as the polygon area decreases (by as much as 83.32%), whereas the heat transfer rate on the outer surface increases (by as much as 133.3%) as the polygon area decreases (by as much as 83.32%). It has also been found that the behavior of the buoyancy-driven flow in the vicinity of the outer surface is fundamentally different than that near the inner surface. Additional details about this fundamental difference are presented in the Results and Discussion section of the paper. New correlations to calculate the average velocity at the exit surface of the cylinder inner core and the mean Nusselt number for both the outer and inner surfaces have also been developed. Also, correlations have been developed for selecting the optimal cross-sectional area for purposes of identifying the regions where the thermal and velocity boundary layers overlap within the inner core of the cylinder.
Multi-Split Configuration Design for Fluid-Based Thermal Management Systems
Authors: Bayat Saeid , Shahmansouri Nastaran , Peddada Satya R. T. , Tessier Alexander , Butscher Adrian , Allison James T. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
High power density systems require efficient cooling to maintain their thermal performance. Despite this, as systems get larger and more complex, human expertise and insight may not suffice to determine the desired thermal management system designs. To this end, a framework for automatic architecture exploration is presented in this article for a class of single-phase, multi-split cooling systems. For this class of systems, heat generation devices are clustered based on their spatial information, and flow splits are added only when required and at the location of heat devices. To generate different architectures, candidate architectures are represented as graphs. From these graphs, dynamic physics models are created automatically using a graph-based thermal modeling framework. Then, an optimal fluid flow distribution problem is solved by addressing temperature constraints in the presence of exogenous heat loads to achieve optimal performance. The focus in this work is on the design of general multi-split heat management systems. The methods presented here can be used for diverse applications in the domain of configuration design. The multi-split algorithm can produce configurations where splitting can occur at any of the vertices. The results presented include three categories of problems and are discussed in detail.