bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity and saprotrophic fungal diversity are linked to different tree community attributes in a field‐based tree experiment
Authors: Nguyen Nhu H. , Williams Laura J. , Vincent John B. , Stefanski Artur , Cavender‐Bares Jeannine , Messier Christian , Paquette Alain , Gravel Dominique , Reich Peter B. , Kennedy Peter G. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractExploring the link between above‐ and belowground biodiversity has been a major theme of recent ecological research, due in large part to the increasingly well‐recognized role that soil microorganisms play in driving plant community processes. In this study, we utilized a field‐based tree experiment in Minnesota, USA, to assess the effect of changes in plant species richness and phylogenetic diversity on the richness and composition of both ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungal communities. We found that ectomycorrhizal fungal species richness was significantly positively influenced by increasing plant phylogenetic diversity, while saprotrophic fungal species richness was significantly affected by plant leaf nitrogen content, specific root length and standing biomass. The increasing ectomycorrhizal fungal richness associated with increasing plant phylogenetic diversity was driven by the combined presence of ectomycorrhizal fungal specialists in plots with both gymnosperm and angiosperm hosts. Although the species composition of both the ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungal communities changed significantly in response to changes in plant species composition, the effect was much greater for ectomycorrhizal fungi. In addition, ectomycorrhizal but not saprotrophic fungal species composition was significantly influenced by both plant phylum (angiosperm, gymnosperm, both) and origin (Europe, America, both). The phylum effect was caused by differences in ectomycorrhizal fungal community composition, while the origin effect was attributable to differences in community heterogeneity. Taken together, this study emphasizes that plant‐associated effects on soil fungal communities are largely guild‐specific and provides a mechanistic basis for the positive link between plant phylogenetic diversity and ectomycorrhizal fungal richness.
A Kierkegaardian Guide to Reading Scripture
Authors: Torrance Andrew 
Published: June 2016

AbstractKierkegaard is well known for being critical of a scholarly reading of the bible. It is generally understood that his primary concern was that “objective” biblical scholarship was undermining the possibility of a reader's subjective life being affected, challenged and provoked by its message. That is, it encourages an overly detached reading of Scripture that distracts persons from responding to its call to discipleship. It is indeed the case that Kierkegaard devoted himself to challenging the fact that the nominal Christians in Denmark were not actively responding Scripture. However, I shall argue that there is something much more fundamental to his critique of biblical scholarship. For Kierkegaard, the faithful reader is not primarily called to respond to the message of Scripture but to the living God who communicates to persons through Scripture. This paper will look at how Kierkegaard sought to remind Christians that Scripture is not an end in itself but a witness to the living God (who is the primary focus of the Christian life).
Asymmetries in US demand for gasoline
Authors: Baghestani Hamid , Genc Ismail , Kherfi Samer 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMany studies have investigated the asymmetric responses of energy demand to changes in income and price. In estimating the US demand function for gasoline, we also consider consumer sentiment as a determining factor. In line with the income ratchet effect in consumption, our findings for 1991Q1–2015Q1 indicate that gasoline demand asymmetrically responds to deviation of income from its long‐run trend. Similar asymmetric responses are found with respect to deviation of consumer sentiment from its long‐run trend. In contrast, gasoline demand responds symmetrically to the deviation of price from its long‐run trend and to the gap between actual and desired spending. Further results indicate that gasoline demand is price‐inelastic, income‐inelastic and inelastic with respect to consumer sentiment both in the short and long run.
Impacts of oil price, exchange rate and inflation on the economic activity of Malaysia
Authors: Mantai Mohammed Mahmoud , Alom Fardous 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to examine the short and long‐run impacts of crude oil price (CP), exchange rate (EXR) and inflation (CPI) on the economic activity (GDP) of Malaysia within the framework of the vector error correction model (VECM). The results suggest thatCPpositively affectsGDPin the short‐run and the tests do not identify any significant impacts ofEXRandCPIon theGDP. However, all these variables maintain a long‐run relationship withGDP. The causality tests have shown unidirectional Granger causality that run fromCPtoGDPand not fromEXRandCPItoGDP. The findings of this study are expected to provide insights for practitioners and policy makers to understand the impacts of theCPshocks and its spillovers in the economic activity of Malaysia.
Oil price volatility and fiscal policies in oil‐exporting countries
Authors: Alley Ibrahim 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe meteoric decline in oil price in late 2014, a manifestation of crude oil price volatility, pressured the fiscal positions of many oil‐exporting countries (OECs). This study examined the relationship between oil price volatility andOECs’ fiscal policy [proxied by primary fiscal balance (PFB)] responses. It estimated a small open‐economy aggregate demand model in which oil price is externally determined. Using various measures of oil price volatility in a vector error correction (VEC) model, this study established that fiscal policies inOECwere not procyclical but driven by oil price volatility. Oil price volatility reduced PFB in the short run. In the long run however, PFB rose in response to price volatility, suggesting thatOECs’ governments eventually consolidate their fiscal positions to reduce short‐run fiscal deficit induced by oil price volatility. Though their fiscal policies were pressured in the short run, OECs were able to stabilise their fiscal dynamics in the long run.
Crude oil price, exchange rate and gross domestic product nexus in an emerging market: A cointegration analysis
Authors: Mensah Emmanuel Kwasi , Triacca Umberto , Bondzie Eric Amoo , Fosu Gabriel Obed 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCrude oil plays an important role in the economic development of many emerging markets. This study examines the role of global crude oil price on the exchange rate (EXR) and gross domestic product (GDP) of Ghana (a new oil producing country) using the Johansen modelling technique for the period, 1980–2013. Following the cointegration of the variables, the vector error correction model was developed, which revealed that oil price could increase theGDPgrowth by 3 per cent but can negatively affect theEXRin the long run. The short‐term analysis points to Granger causality from oil price andGDPto energy consumption. It further reveals causality from oil price andEXRtoGDP, which indicates that development in the global oil price as well as the performance of the currency can impact economic growth. No significant evidence of the oil price role inEXRvolatility was found; however, the ‘Dutch disease’ syndrome was eminent throughEXRappreciation. Moreover, the overall response ofGDPto oil price shocks for the forecast period is insignificantly positive even though oil price shock tends to retard economic growth in the first 3 years.
Disability in the Islamic Tradition
Authors: Ghaly Mohammed 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article gives an overview of how disability, or more broadly the phenomenon of ‘physical/mental otherness’, was represented in the Islamic tradition. It is argued that the pre‐modern Islamic tradition had a significantly different approach to this phenomenon than the approaches produced in the post‐industrialization modern world. This study is divided into two main sections. The first section examines the question of terminology and its seminal role in framing both pre‐modern and contemporary deliberations on Islam and disability. The second section reviews how people with disabilities were represented in a number of scholarly disciplines within the Islamic tradition. Besides giving the reader an overall idea about disability in the pre‐modern Islamic tradition, the article also gives extensive references to modern studies on Islam and disability so that the reader gets acquainted with modern scholarship in this emerging field of study.
From river to shelf, anatomy of a high‐frequency depositional sequence: The Late Pleistocene to Holocene Tiber depositional sequence
Authors: Milli Salvatore , Mancini Marco , Moscatelli Massimiliano , Stigliano Francesco , Marini Mattia , Cavinato Gian Paolo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe Late Pleistocene/Holocene Tiber delta succession represents the most recent and one of the best preserved, high‐frequency/low‐rank depositional sequences developed along the Latium continental margin of the Italian peninsula. Several previous studies have established a robust data set from which it has been possible to describe the stratigraphic architecture of the entire Tiber depositional sequence from the landward to seaward sectors and over a distance of 60 km. The Tiber depositional sequence shows many characteristics found in other Late Pleistocene to Holocene deltaic and coastal successions of the Mediterranean area. The stratigraphic architecture of the Tiber depositional sequence is controlled mainly by glacioeustasy, although factors such as tectonic uplift, volcanism and subsidence, exert an influence at a local scale. The resulting depositional model allowed discussion of some important points such as: (1) the genesis of the Tiber mixed bedrock‐alluvial valley, extending from the coastal plain to the innermost portion of the shelf, recording (i) multiple episodes of incision during relative sea‐level fall, and (ii) a downstream increase of depth and width of the valley during the base‐level fall and the subsequent base‐level rise; (2) the different physical expression of the Tiber depositional sequence boundary from landward to seaward, and its diachronous and composite character; (3) the maximum depth reached by the Tiber early lowstand delta at the end of the sea‐level fall is estimated at ca 90 m below the present sea‐level and not at 120 m as suggested by previous works; (4) the backward position of the Tiber late lowstand delta relative to the deposit of early lowstand; (5) the change of the channel pattern and of the stacking pattern of fluvial deposits within the Lowstand Systems Tract, Transgressive Systems Tract and Highstand Systems Tract. All of these features indicate that the Late Pleistocene/Holocene Tiber delta succession, even if deposited in a short period of time from a geological point of view, represents the result of the close interaction among many autogenic and allogenic factors. However, global eustatic variations and sediment supply under the control of climatic changes can be considered the main factors responsible for the stratigraphic architecture of this sedimentary succession, which has been heavily modified by human activity only in the last 3000 years.
Effects of the foot strike pattern on muscle activity and neuromuscular fatigue in downhill trail running
Authors: Giandolini M. , Horvais N. , Rossi J. , Millet G. Y. , Morin J.‐B. , Samozino P. 
Published: June 2016

Minimizing musculo‐skeletal damage and fatigue is considered paramount for performance in trail running. Our purposes were to investigate the effects of the foot strike pattern and its variability on (a) muscle activity during a downhill trail run and (b) immediate and delayed neuromuscular fatigue. Twenty‐three runners performed a 6.5‐km run (1264 m of negative elevation change). Electromyographic activity of lower‐limb muscles was recorded continuously. Heel and metatarsal accelerations were recorded to identify the running technique. Peripheral and central fatigue was assessed in knee extensors (KE) and plantar flexors (PF) at Pre‐, Post‐, and 2 days post downhill run (Post2d). Anterior patterns were associated with (a) higher gastrocnemius lateralis activity and lower tibialis anterior and vastus lateralis activity during the run and (b) larger decreases in KE high‐frequency stimulus‐evoked torque Post and larger decrements in KE MVC Post2d. High patterns variability during the run was associated with (a) smaller decreases in KE Db100 Post and MVC Post2d and (b) smaller decreases in PF MVC Post and Post2d. Anterior patterns increase the severity of KE peripheral fatigue. However, high foot strike pattern variability during the run reduced acute and delayed neuromuscular fatigue in KE and PF.
Muscular and neuromuscular control following soccer‐specific exercise in male youth: Changes in injury risk mechanisms
Authors: Lehnert M. , De Ste Croix M. , Zaatar A. , Hughes J. , Varekova R. , Lastovicka O. 
Published: June 2016

Poor neuromuscular control has been proposed as a risk factor for non‐contact injuries, thus this study aimed to explore the effects of soccer‐specific fatigue on leg muscle activation, reactive strength, leg stiffness, and functional hamstring/quadriceps ratio (H/QFUNC) in elite male youth soccer players. Outcome measures were determined in 18 youth players (age 14.4 ± 0.5 years; stature 169.4 ± 9.9 cm; mass 59.3 ± 8.9 kg; maturity offset 0.86 ± 0.88 years) pre and post simulated soccer match play (SAFT90). There was no fatigue‐related change in the H/QFUNC; however, reactive strength and leg stiffness were both compromised (P < 0.001) after soccer‐specific fatigue. Muscle activation was also locally compromised (P < 0.001) in the medial hamstring and quadriceps but not in the lateral muscles. Where statistically significant changes were observed, the effect sizes ranged from small to large (0.33–0.97). Compromised stiffness when fatigue is present suggests an increased yielding action, greater ground contact times, greater center of mass displacement, and less efficient movement when the limb comes into contact with the ground. This combined with a reduction in medial quadriceps muscle activation may reflect poor kinetic chain control at the hip and an increase in knee injury risk.
Measuring Children's Church‐Based Social Support: Development and Initial Validation of the Kids’ Church Survey
Authors: Crosby Robert G. , Smith Erin I. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractGiven the importance of considering context in development, the goal of the present study was to develop and provide initial validity evidence for the Kids’ Church Survey (KCS), a new measure of children's church‐based social support. Data were collected from 1253 children ages 6–14 attending mainline Protestant, evangelical Protestant, and Catholic churches. Parallel and exploratory factor analyses supported a three‐factor solution: received (emotional) church support, perceived church support from peers, and perceived church support from adults. Confirmatory models conducted with independent samples provided an excellent fit for the data. All three scales evidenced acceptable internal (.78–.92) and test–retest (.88–.95) reliability. Measurement invariance was demonstrated across genders and age groups, with the exception of the perceived peer support scale, which was not invariant across ages. The KCS was sensitive to between‐church differences in children's programs and incrementally predicted self‐esteem, prosocial behavior, and spirituality. Applications for researchers, mental health practitioners, and clergy are discussed.
Molecular phylogeny and generic‐level taxonomy of the widespread palaeotropical ‘Heteropsis clade’ (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Mycalesina)
Authors: ADUSE‐POKU KWAKU , LEES DAVID C. , BRATTSTRÖM OSKAR , KODANDARAMAIAH ULLASA , COLLINS STEVE C. , WAHLBERG NIKLAS , BRAKEFIELD PAUL M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe mycalesine butterfly genus Heteropsis Westwood, 1850 (Satyrinae: Mycalesina) has recently been conceived to be represented in three major palaeotropical regions (Madagascar, Africa and Asia), but there has been no formal taxonomic treatment covering this entire group. Studies aimed at understanding the evolutionary success of Mycalesina in the Old World tropics have been hampered by the lack of both a robust phylogeny and a stable nomenclature for this satyrine subtribe. Here, we present a well‐supported molecular phylogeny based on 10 genes and 133 exemplar taxa, representing almost all known species groups of Heteropsis (s.l.), and including all but four known species in Madagascar. We also combine sequences of the exemplars with a morphological matrix of 428 characters. The widespread ‘Heteropsis clade’ is confirmed as monophyletic, but lineages in different geographic regions also form endemic and well‐supported clades with deep divergences among them. Here we establish this group as comprising three genera, Heteropsis (Malagasy region only), Telinga Moore, 1880 (Asia), and Brakefieldia gen.n. (Africa). We recover the genera Telinga and Brakefieldia as sisters with high support. Each genus is taxonomically characterized and a revised synonymic checklist is appended with new combinations and some changes in rank. With a well‐resolved topology and updates to the taxonomy of the group, researchers are now in a position to explore the drivers of the spectacular radiation of the group, notably in Madagascar, where the highest phenotypic and species diversity occurs.This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:AAF9F440‐A2D6‐4483‐BF35‐9BC074D9D29B.
Hybrid Englishes: An exploratory survey
Authors: SCHNEIDER EDGAR W. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTOne of the most striking findings when comparing the ecologies of world Englishes is the amount of language mixing and the number of truly mixed (hybrid) varieties involving Englishes. The formula X [language name] + English has produced blends in many different countries, like Taglish, Singlish, Hinglish, Chinglish, Japlish, Denglisch, Finglish, etc. Others include ‘mix‐mix’ in Hong Kong, Sheng in Kenya, or Camfranglais in Cameroon, or lack a commonly accepted designation (in Malaysia, Pakistan, South Africa, and so on). This article offers a systematic but exploratory survey of varieties, linguistic practices and contexts which tend to be viewed in isolation but show similarities in some of their properties and sociolinguistic settings.
English in the international workplace in Russia
Authors: GRITSENKO ELENA , LALETINA ALEXANDRA 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe study examines language practices in Russian offices of two international companies. We surveyed and interviewed employees about corporate language policies, their rationale of language choice in different contexts, and ideological underpinnings for the use of English in the workplace. Following Blommaert (2010), both offices are theorized as polycentric communicative spaces where English represents the global interactive regime stemming from the global corporate center. The Russian language orients at the local center and embodies the local interactive regime. Language mixing in the form of professional jargon is linked to the workplace efficiency center. It facilitates communication between colleagues and serves as a marker of the Russian professional identity in the English lingua franca workplace.
Endogenous and exogenous control of gastrointestinal epithelial function: building on the legacy of Bayliss and Starling
Authors: Barrett Kim E. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTransport of fluid and electrolytes in the intestine allows for appropriate adjustments in luminal fluidity while reclaiming water used in digesting and absorbing a meal, and is closely regulated. This article discusses various endogenous and exogenous mechanisms whereby transport is controlled in the gut, placing these in the context of the ideas about the neurohumoral control of alimentary physiology that were promulgated by William Bayliss and Ernest Starling. The article considers three themes. First, mechanisms that intrinsically regulate chloride secretion, centred on the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr), are discussed. These may be important in ensuring that excessive chloride secretion, with the accompanying loss of fluid, is not normally stimulated by intestinal distension as the meal passes through the gastrointestinal tract. Second, mechanisms whereby probiotic microorganisms can impart beneficial effects on the gut are described, with a focus on targets at the level of the epithelium. These findings imply that the commensal microbiota exert important influences on the epithelium in health and disease. Finally, mechanisms that lead to diarrhoea in patients infected with an invasive pathogen, Salmonella, are considered, based on recent studies in a novel mouse model. Diarrhoea is most likely attributable to reduced expression of absorptive transporters and may not require the influx of neutrophils that accompanies infection. Overall, the goal of the article is to highlight the many ways in which critical functions of the intestinal epithelium are regulated under physiological and pathophysiological conditions, and to suggest possible targets for new therapies for digestive disease states.
On Railroad Tank Car Puncture Performance: Part I — Considering Metrics
Authors: Jeong David Y. , Perlman Benjamin , Alexy Karl , González Francisco 
Published: June 2016

This paper is the first in a two-part series on the puncture performance of railroad tank cars carrying hazardous materials in the event of an accident. Various metrics are often mentioned in the open literature to characterize the structural performance of tank cars under accident loading conditions. One of the consequences in terms of structural damage to the tank during accidents is puncture. This two-part series of papers focuses on four metrics to quantify the performance of tank cars against the threat of puncture: (1) speed, (2) force, (3) energy, and (4) conditional probability of release.
In this paper (Part I), generalized tank car impact scenarios are illustrated. Particular focus is given to the generalized shell impact scenario because performance-based requirements for shell puncture resistance are being considered by the regulatory agencies in United States and Canada. Definitions for the four performance metrics are given. Physical and mathematical relationships among these metrics are outlined. Strengths and limitations of these performance metrics are discussed.
In Part II, the multi-disciplinary approach to develop engineering tools to estimate the performance metrics will be described. The complementary connection between testing and modeling will be emphasized. Puncture performance metrics, which were estimated from other sources, will be compared for different tank car designs. These comparisons will be presented to interpret the metrics from a probabilistic point of view. In addition, sensitivity of the metrics to the operational and design factors will be examined qualitatively.