bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypothenar hammer syndrome: long-term follow-up after ulnar artery reconstruction with the lateral circumflex femoral artery
Authors: de Niet A. , Van Uchelen J. H. 
Published: December 2015

In symptomatic patients with hypothenar hammer syndrome, the occluded part of the ulnar artery can be reconstructed with an autologous graft. Venous grafts are used frequently, but they are known for their low patency rate. Arterial grafts show better patency rates than venous grafts in coronary bypass surgery. We performed 11 ulnar artery reconstructions with the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery and compared these with previously performed venous reconstructions. All patients with an arterial graft reconstruction had a patent graft at a mean follow-up of 63 months. In addition, nine out of 11 patients reported improvement in their symptoms. The patency rate of venous reconstructions in hypothenar hammer syndrome is significantly lower. Arterial grafting for hypothenar hammer syndrome has superior patency compared with venous grafting; we recommend it as the surgical treatment of choice for symptomatic hypothenar hammer syndrome. Level of evidence: 4.
The Sheffield bone block procedure: a new operation for the treatment of glenoid bone loss in patients with anterior traumatic shoulder instability
Authors: Venkatachalam Santosh , Storey Phil , Macinnes Scott J , Ali Amjid , Potter David 
Published: December 2015

Background The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the results of the Sheffield bone block procedure for anteroinferior bone loss in traumatic shoulder instability. In this modified open technique, the medial half of coracoid process without its soft tissue attachments is used to provide congruent augmentation of the anteroinferior glenoid and secured with two screws. Methods In this retrospective consecutive case series (2007–11), all patients having recurrent traumatic instability with glenoid bone loss > 20% and/or a large Hill–Sachs lesion were included. The shoulder function was evaluated clinically and by Oxford Shoulder Instability Score (OSIS; by post/telephone). Results There were 84 patients in this series with a large proportion engaged in contact sports. Mean (range) age was 33 years (16 years to 45 years); male : female, 59 : 8; mean (range) follow-up period was 48 months (36 months to 84 months) and the response rate 89% (75/84). Mean postoperative OSIS was 43 (33 to 46) and one patient had re-dislocation (1.3%). No neurovascular complications/hardware failure/non-union/infections were noted. By 6 months, 85% patients had returned to pre-injury sport and 93% had returned to pre-injury work. Conclusions The Sheffield bone block procedure provides reliable and satisfactory results in patients having recurrent instability with glenoid bone loss and/or a large Hill–Sachs lesion with minimal complications and an excellent chance of returning to original sport and occupation.
Correlation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging With Knee Anterolateral Ligament Anatomy
Authors: Helito Camilo Partezani , Helito Paulo Victor Partezani , Bonadio Marcelo Batista , Pécora José Ricardo , Bordalo-Rodrigues Marcelo , Camanho Gilberto Luis , Demange Marco Kawamura 
Published: December 2015

Background: Anatomic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have recently characterized the knee anterolateral ligament (ALL). So far, no study has focused on confirming whether the evaluated MRI parameters truly correspond with ALL anatomy. Purpose: To assess the validity of MRI in detecting the ALL using an anatomic evaluation as reference. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: A total of 13 cadaveric knees were subjected to MRI and then to anatomic dissection. Dissection was performed according to previous anatomic study methodology. MRIs were performed with a 0.6- to 1.5-mm slice thickness and prior saline injection. The following variables were analyzed: distance from the origin of the ALL to the origin of the lateral collateral ligament (LCL), distance from the origin of the ALL to its bifurcation point, maximum length of the ALL, distance from the tibial insertion of the ALL to the articular surface of the tibia, ALL thickness, and ALL width. The 2 sets of measurements were analyzed using the Spearman correlation coefficient (ρ) and Bland-Altman plots. Results: The ALL was clearly observed in all dissected knees and MRI scans. It originated anterior and distal to the LCL, close to the lateral epycondile center, and showed an anteroinferior path toward the tibia, inserting between the Gerdy tubercle and the fibular head, around 5 mm under the lateral plateau. The ρ values tended to increase together for all studied variables between the 2 methods, and all were statistically significant, except for thickness ( P = .077). Bland-Altman plots showed a tendency toward a reduction of ALL thickness and width by MRI compared with anatomic dissection. Conclusion: MRI scanning as described can accurately assess the ALL and demonstrates characteristics similar to those seen under anatomic dissection. Clinical Relevance: MRI can accurately characterize the ALL in the anterolateral region of the knee, despite the presence of structures that might overlap and thus cause confusion when making assessments based on imaging methods.
β-Cell Deficit in Obese Type 2 Diabetes, a Minor Role of β-Cell Dedifferentiation and Degranulation
Authors: Butler Alexandra E. , Dhawan Sangeeta , Hoang Jonathan , Cory Megan , Zeng Kylie , Fritsch Helga , Meier Juris J. , Rizza Robert A. , Butler Peter C. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

Context:
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by a β-cell deficit and a progressive defect in β-cell function. It has been proposed that the deficit in β-cells may be due to β-cell degranulation and transdifferentiation to other endocrine cell types.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to establish the potential impact of β-cell dedifferentiation and transdifferentiation on β-cell deficit in type 2 diabetes and to consider the alternative that cells with an incomplete identity may be newly forming rather than dedifferentiated.

Design, Setting, and Participants:
Pancreata obtained at autopsy were evaluated from 14 nondiabetic and 13 type 2 diabetic individuals, from four fetal cases, and from 10 neonatal cases.

Results:
Whereas there was a slight increase in islet endocrine cells expressing no hormone in type 2 diabetes (0.11 ± 0.03 cells/islet vs 0.03 ± 0.01 cells/islet, P &lt; .01), the impact on the β-cell deficit would be minimal. Furthermore, we established that the deficit in β-cells per islet cannot be accounted for by an increase in other endocrine cell types. The distribution of hormone negative endocrine cells in type 2 diabetes (most abundant in cells scattered in the exocrine pancreas) mirrors that in developing (embryo and neonatal) pancreas, implying that these may represent newly forming cells.

Conclusions:
Therefore, although we concur that in type 2 diabetes there are endocrine cells with altered cell identity, this process does not account for the deficit in β-cells in type 2 diabetes but may reflect, in part, attempted β-cell regeneration.
Desenvolvimento, Viabilidade e Mortalidade de Imaturos de Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti Linnaeus, em Água de Duas Espécies de Bromélias: Estudo Bibliográfico e Experimental
Authors: Guimarães Maria das Graças Avila , Serdeiro Michele Teixeira , Oliveira Alexandre de Araujo , Maleck Marise 
Published: December 2015

Resumo. Criadouros naturais de Aedes aegypti Linnaeus podem ser encontrados em bromélias e outros vegetais que apresentem estrutura capaz de armazenar a água. A produtividade dos criadouros está ligada ao volume e à capacidade de manutenção de água, à oferta de nutrientes e à densidade larval e ao número de folhas do vegetal. Há controvérsias entre os pesquisadores sobre o encontro de formas imaturas de Ae. aegypti na água dos reservatórios de bromélias. Este estudo dedicou-se à observação da eclosão de ovos e do desenvolvimento de Ae. aegypti em água de tanques de bromélia Aechmea fasciata (Lindley) Baker eNeoregelia compacta (Mez) L.B. Smith. Para cada uma das espécies de bromélias três tipos de grupos foram utilizados: dois grupos controles, um contendo água de rega e outro grupo com água dos reservatórios das bromélias sem a presença da microfauna; e o grupo teste, contendo água dos tanques com a presença da microfauna. Os resultados dos experimentos em água de A. fasciata em presença da microfauna apresentaram 45% de mortalidade larval; em água de N. compacta, em presença da microfauna, apresentou inibição de 100% de eclosão de ovos de Ae. aegypti. Há necessidade de informar e educar a população sobre o cultivo de bromélias, sobre a fauna fitotelmata competidora e predadora nos reservatórios e sobre a interação entre aquele ambiente e as larvas do Ae. aegypti. Development, Availability and Mortality of Immature Aedes(Stegomyia) aegypti, Linnaeus, in Water of Two Species of Bromeliads: Bibliographic and Experimental Study Abstract. Natural breeding of Aedes aegypti Linnaeus can be found in bromeliads and other plants that have a structure capable of storing water. The productivity of the breeding is linked to the volume and the maintenance of the water content, the nutrients supply, the larval density and the number of leaves of the plant. Researchers do not reach an agreement about the development of immature forms of Ae. aegypti in bromeliads water reservoirs. The study focused on the observation of the eggs hatching and development of Ae. aegypti in bromeliads Aechmea fasciata (Lindley) Bakerand Neoregelia compacta (Mez) L.B. Smith water tanks. For each bromeliad specie three groups were used: two control groups, one containing irrigated water and another containing bromeliads reservoirs water without microfauna presence; and test group, containing bromeliads reservoirs water with the microfauna presence. The A. fasciata water with microfauna showed 45% of larval mortality. The N. compact water with microfauna presented 100% of Ae. aegypti eggs hatching inhibition. It is necessary to inform and educate people about bromeliads growing, the competitive predator phytotelmate fauna in theirs water reservoirs and the interaction between this environment and the larvae of Ae. aegypti.
Asymmetric Effects of Favorable and Unfavorable Information on Decision Making Under Ambiguity
Authors: Peysakhovich Alexander , Karmarkar Uma R. 
Published: December 2015

Most daily decisions involve uncertainty about outcome probabilities arising from incomplete knowledge, i.e., ambiguity. We explore how the addition of partial information affects these types of choices using theoretical and empirical methods. Our experiments in both gain and loss domains demonstrate that when such information supports a favorable outcome, it strongly increases valuation of an ambiguous financial prospect. However, when information supports an unfavorable outcome, it has significantly less impact. We find that two mechanisms drive this asymmetry. First, unfavorable information decreases estimates of a good outcome occurring but also reduces aversive uncertainty. These factors act in opposition, minimizing the effects of unfavorable information. Second, when information can be subjectively interpreted, unfavorable information is less likely to be integrated into evaluations. Our findings reveal mechanisms not captured by traditional models of decision making under uncertainty and highlight the importance of increasing the salience of unfavorable information in uncertain contexts to promote unbiased decision making.Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2233 .This paper was accepted by Teck-Hua Ho, behavioral economics.
Identification of Hydrothermal Aquifer Zone using Geo-Electrical Method in Kaloling Sinjai District
Authors: L Lantu , Suriamihardja D. A. , Imran A. M. , Harianto Tri 
Published: December 2015

<p>Geothermal energy is one of the natural resources which emerged on the subsurface ofthe earth can be in a gaseous form (the vapor heat) or in the form of hydrothermal. The geothermal Panggo that located at watersheds of Kalamisu river, was one of the three sources of hydrothermal system existing in district Sinjai East. The existence of the geothermal system in this area will much give many advantagest if managed optimally. This research aims to map the spread of the hydrothermal aquifer zone at the subsurface and it potentials in Panggo village base on electrical properties. Methods used in this research were geo-electrical using Wenner and Schlumberger configurations.At all these research area, it is found the presence of zones which has low resistivity (&lt; 20 Ωm), and it is interpreted as the spread of hydrothermal zones. The hydrothermal system appears at subsurface allegedly caused by the geological fault of Kalamisu across this region.</p>
Interpretation of Oil Seepage of Source Rock Based Magnetic Survey in Cipari Cilacap District
Authors: Raharjo Sukmaji Anom , S Sehah 
Published: December 2015

<p class="AbstractText">The magnetic survey had been conducted in Village of Cipari, District of Cipari, Region of Cilacap to interpret to the location of the oil seepage source rock. Boundary of the research area is 108.75675°E – 108.77611°E and 7.42319°S – 7.43761°S. The observed total magnetic data is corrected and reducted to obtain the local magnetic anomaly data. The local magnetic anomaly data is applied to model the subsurface bodies anomalies based on the Mag2DC for Windows software. With be supported the geological information, the some bodies anomalies are interpreted as the basaltic igneous rock (c = 0.0051), the alternately of sandstone and claystone and insert of marl from Halang Formation (c = 0.0014), the breccia from Kumbang Formation (c = 0.0035), the alternately of sandstones and claystone with insert of marl and breccia from Halang Formation (c = 0.0036), the claystone from Tapak Formation (c = 0.0015), the alternately of sandstones and claystone with insert of marl and compacted breccia from Halang Formation (c = 0.0030), and the alternately of sandstone and claystone from Halang Formation (c = 0.0020). The plantonic foraminifer fossils as resources of oil seepage are estimated in the sedimentaries rocks, where the oil flows from those rocks into the reservoir (source rock). Based on the interpretation results, the source rock is above basaltic igneous rock with the approximate position is 108.76164°W and 7.43089°S; and the depth is 132.09 meters below the average topographic.</p>
Transposition of brachiobasilic arteriovenous fistulae: improving the cosmetic effect without compromising patency
Authors: Dellen David van , Junejo Muneer , Khambalia Hussein , Campbell Babatunde 
Published: December 2015

Introduction Subjects who undergo haemodialysis are living longer, which necessitates increasingly complex procedures for formation of arteriovenous fistulas. Basilic veins provide valuable additional venous ‘real estate’ but surgical transposition of vessels is required, which required a cosmetically disfiguring incision. A minimally invasive transposition method provides an excellent aesthetic alternative without compromised outcomes. Methods A retrospective review was made of minimally invasive brachiobasilic fistula transpositions (using two short incisions of <4 cm) between February 2005 and July 2011. Primary endpoints were one-year patency as well as the perioperative and late complications of the procedure. Results Thirty-one patients underwent 32 transposition procedures (eight pre-dialysis cases; 24 haemodialysis patients). All patients were treated with a minimally invasive method. Thirty-one procedures resulted in primary patency, with the single failure refashioned successfully. The only indication for a more invasive approach was intraoperative complications (two haematomas). All other complications presented late and were amenable to intervention (one aneurysm, one peri-anastomotic stricture). Conclusion Formation of arteriovenous fistulae using minimally invasive methods is a novel approach that ensures fistula patency with improved aesthetic outcomes and without significant morbidity.
Clinical outcomes of the very elderly undergoing enhanced recovery programmes in elective colorectal surgery
Authors: Khan MA , Pandey S 
Published: December 2015

Introduction Enhanced recovery programmes (ERPs) have been shown to improve short-term outcomes after major colorectal surgery. Benefits of the ERP in patients who are very elderly (VE) are less well understood. We aimed to evaluate the role of the ERP in the VE population, which for the purpose of this study was defined as any patient aged 75 years or over. Methods A prospectively compiled database was used to identify all patients aged ≥75 years who underwent elective colorectal resection in our unit between January 2011 and September 2012. These data were analysed to study the short-term outcomes in these patients and compared with those of patients aged <75 years. Results Overall, 352 patients underwent elective surgery during this period; 106 were identified as VE. The median length of stay (LOS) in the VE group was 7 days (5 days in non-VE group; p=0.002). Two-thirds (62%) underwent laparoscopic surgery. The median LOS of VE patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery was 6 days (11 days for open surgery; p=0.003). A third (33%) of the VE cohort was discharged by day 5. Of these patients, 85% underwent laparoscopic surgery. There was no statistical difference in overall complication rates (VE vs non-VE). Conclusions Accepting that some VE patients may stay in hospital for longer, this study supports our current policy of including everyone in the ERP regardless of age. Patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery appear to benefit, with a shorter LOS. Further large scale trials are required to support the results of this study and to identify long-term outcomes.
Compliance of ENT emergency surgery with the Royal College of Surgeons standards
Authors: Sharma S , Yao A , Mahalingam S , Persaud R 
Published: December 2015

Introduction In 2011 The Royal College of Surgeons of England (RCS) set out best practice standards for emergency surgery. This national pilot audit aimed to determine the compliance of otolaryngology departments in England with these published guidelines. Methods A 26-item online questionnaire was devised that encompassed all the 36 best practices as set out by the RCS for ear, nose and throat (ENT) surgery. This was sent to ENT trainees and consultants based at units in England providing emergency ENT services. Results Data were obtained from 55 of the 102 units (response rate: 54%). A mean compliance of 71% was achieved (range: 25–94%). No units achieved all of the best practices. The standards with the highest compliance included 24-hour availability of blood transfusion and haematology opinion for patients with epistaxis, availability of a consultant or ST3/equivalent for immediate discussion of severe post-tonsillectomy bleeding, 24-hour access to blood transfusion for arrest of haemorrhage and immediate theatre access for arrest of haemorrhage. The areas with the lowest compliance were provision of a pathway for angiography/embolisation for epistaxis and provision of an equipped ENT room on a paediatric ward. Conclusions This audit has highlighted that the majority of departments in England are providing a good standard of ENT emergency care. There is room for improvement in certain areas, such as the provision of an embolisation pathway in the context of refractory epistaxis. We hope that this audit will encourage ENT departments to evaluate their current provision of emergency care and institute changes (where necessary) to maintain and improve their practices.
The burden of bone, native joint and soft tissue infections on orthopaedic emergency referrals in a city hospital
Authors: Howell A , Parker S , Tsitskaris K , Oddy MJ 
Published: December 2015

Introduction Bone, native joint and soft tissue infections are frequently referred to orthopaedic units although their volume as a proportion of the total emergency workload has not been reported previously. Geographic and socioeconomic variation may influence their presentation. The aim of this study was to quantify the burden of such infections on the orthopaedic department in an inner city hospital, determine patient demographics and associated risk factors, and review our current utilisation of specialist services. Methods All cases involving bone, native joint and soft tissue infections admitted under or referred to the orthopaedic team throughout 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. Prosthetic joint infections were excluded. Results Almost 15% of emergency admissions and referrals were associated with bone, native joint or soft tissue infection or suspected infection. The cohort consisted of 169 patients with a mean age of 43 years (range: 1–91 years). The most common diagnosis was cellulitis/other soft tissue infection and the mean length of stay was 13 days. Two-thirds of patients (n=112, 66%) underwent an operation. Fifteen per cent of patients were carrying at least one blood borne virus, eleven per cent were alcohol dependent, fifteen per cent were using or had been using intravenous drugs and nine per cent were homeless or vulnerably housed. Conclusions This study has shown that a significant number of patients are admitted for orthopaedic care as a result of infection. These patients are relatively young, with multiple complex medical and social co-morbidities, and a long length of stay.
Waterlow score as a surrogate marker for predicting adverse outcome in acute pancreatitis
Authors: Gillick K , Elbeltagi H , Bhattacharya S 
Published: December 2015

Introduction Introduced originally to stratify risk for developing decubitus ulcers, the Waterlow scoring system is recorded routinely for surgical admissions. It is a composite score, reflecting patients’ general condition and co-morbidities. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the Waterlow score can be used as an independent surrogate marker to predict severity and adverse outcome in acute pancreatitis. Methods In this retrospective analysis, a consecutive cohort was studied of 250 patients presenting with acute pancreatitis, all of whom had their Waterlow score calculated on admission. Primary outcome measures were length of hospital stay and mortality. Secondary outcome measures included rate of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and development of complications such as peripancreatic free fluid, pancreatic necrosis and pseudocyst formation. Correlation of the Waterlow score with some known markers of disease severity and outcomes was also analysed. Results The Waterlow score correlated strongly with the most commonly used marker of disease severity, the Glasgow score (analysis of variance, p=0.0012). Inpatient mortality, rate of ICU admission and length of hospital stay increased with a higher Waterlow score (Mann–Whitney U test, p=0.0007, p=0.049 and p=0.0002 respectively). There was, however, no significant association between the Waterlow score and the incidence of three known complications of pancreatitis: presence of peripancreatic fluid, pancreatic pseudocyst formation and pancreatic necrosis. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated good predictive power of the Waterlow score for mortality (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.73), ICU admission (AUC: 0.65) and length of stay >7 days (AUC: 0.64). This is comparable with the predictive power of the Glasgow score and C-reactive protein. Conclusions The Waterlow score for patients admitted with acute pancreatitis could provide a useful tool in prospective assessment of disease severity, help clinicians with appropriate resource management and inform patients.