bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive analysis of molecular, physiological, and functional biomarkers of aging with neurological diseases using Mendelian randomization
Authors: Imahori Yume , Qin Chenxi , Tang Bowen , Hägg Sara 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAn increasing burden of neurological diseases (NDs) has been a public health challenge in an aging society. Age, especially biological age, is the most important risk factor for NDs. Identification of biomarkers of aging to capture NDs might lead to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of pathological brain aging and the implementation of effective intervention. We conducted a comprehensive two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) study to investigate the association between various biomarkers of aging and three leading causes of NDs: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), and ischemic stroke. Publicly available GWAS summary statistics on people from European ancestry were obtained for six molecular biomarkers, two physiological biomarkers, and eight functional biomarkers, and three NDs. Genetic variants serving as instrumental variables (IVs) were identified for each biomarker. The MR analysis included inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO. We found that short telomere length and decrease in appendicular lean mass were associated with an increased risk for AD (OR IVW = 1.12 per 1SD decrease, 95% confidence interval 1.02–1.22, and OR IVW = 1.11, 1.06–1.16, respectively), whereas high frailty index showed a protective effect for AD. Accelerated BioAge appeared to be associated with increased risk for ischemic stroke (OR IVW = 1.3 per year in BioAge acceleration, 95% CI 1.19–1.41). Our findings implied a causal association of short telomere length and a decrease in appendicular lean mass with an increased risk for AD, while BioAge appeared to be a good biomarker for ischemic stroke. Further studies are needed to validate these associations and explore underlying mechanisms.
Minimizing the number of tardy jobs with generalized due-dates and position-dependent processing times
Authors: Gerstl Enrique , Mosheiov Gur 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe study a single machine scheduling problem with generalized due-dates and general position-dependent job processing times. The objective function is minimum number of tardy jobs. The problem is proved to be NP-hard in the strong sense. We introduce an efficient algorithm that solves medium size problems in reasonable running time. A simple and efficient heuristic is also introduced, which obtained the optimal solution in the vast majority of our tests.
Sustainability justice: a systematic review of emergent trends and themes
Authors: McCauley Darren , Quintavalla Alberto , Prifti Kostina , Binder Constanze , Broddén Felicia , van den Brink Hannah 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThere is a growing importance of understanding the connection between sustainability and justice. We have conducted the first robust mixed-methods review of the burgeoning academic literature on sustainability justice. Our analysis spans literature from 2013 to 2023, drawn from the databases of Web of Science and Scopus. We use a scientometric approach to identify key literature for a more detailed qualitative analysis. This dual approach uncovers key trends and themes in sustainability justice. The review identifies works that delve into the themes of environmental, social, and economic justice, pinpointing a need to amplify Global South voices, narratives, and insights for a comprehensive understanding of sustainability justice. The findings indicate a pressing need for integrating economic aspects with social and environmental factors, advocating for more focus on transformative justice.
Eutectic Solidification Morphologies in Rapidly Solidified Hypereutectic Sn–Ag Solder Alloy
Authors: Rao Huamao , Mullis Andrew , Cochrane Robert 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe effect of rapid solidification upon hypereutectic Sn–Ag solder alloy has been investigated using a 6.5 m drop tube. Powder sizes ranging from > 850 to < 38 μm were produced, with equivalent cooling rates of 250 to 14,800 K s−1 for 850 and 38 μm droplets, respectively. At all cooling rates investigated, dendritic β-Sn was observed as the primary solidification phase, not proeutectic Ag3Sn as predicted by the phase diagram. The volume fraction of interdendritic eutectic was observed to decrease with increasing cooling rate, with the Ag concentration in the residual interdendritic liquid estimated at 12.5–15 wt pct Ag, far in excess of the eutectic concentration of 3.8 wt pct. Much of the Ag3Sn observed within the eutectic had a blocky, divorced eutectic appearance. A model is proposed which can explain these observations in terms of sluggish nucleation of the Ag3Sn intermetallic, coupled with a metastable phase diagram that permits significant supersaturation of Ag at modest undercooling.
Distinguishing injury patterns in fatal falls from heights versus pedestrian impacts: an autopsy study for differential diagnosis in ambiguous cases
Authors: Tavone Alessandro Mauro , Marinelli Roberta , Cazzato Francesca , Piizzi Giorgia , Piselli Federico , Ceccobelli Giulia , Giuga Gabriele , Vella Raimondo , Romaniello Naomi , Oliva Antonio , Marella Gian Luca 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the injury patterns associated with fatal falls from heights compared to individuals struck by cars, aiming to enhance the differential diagnosis in ambiguous cases, where it is unclear whether the body fell from nearby building or was left on the street following a road traffic incident. A retrospective review of comprehensive forensic reports from the Institute of Legal Medicine of the University of Rome “Tor Vergata” between 2012 and 2023 was conducted. The analysis included 232 cases, gathering data on internal organ injuries, skeletal fractures, external skin injuries, as well as pleural, peritoneal, and pericardial effusions. Bilateral lung injuries were significantly more common in falls from height (33.3%) compared to pedestrians (13.6%,p < 0.001). Liver injuries also occurred more frequently in fall victims (49.6%) than in pedestrians (28.2%,p < 0.001). Skull fractures were more frequent in falls from height (68.2%) versus individuals struck by cars (55.3%,p = 0.044), while unilateral leg fractures were more common in pedestrians (28.2%) compared to fall victims (16.3%,p = 0.029). External injuries, notably to the head and legs, were more frequent in pedestrians. The “Total Injured Skin Area” analysis revealed a significant discriminative power with an optimal cut-off of 84.2 cm², suggesting that injuries exceeding this threshold may be indicative of a pedestrian road fatality.
Do concepts of individuality account for individuation practices in studies of host–parasite systems? A modeling account of biological individuality
Authors: Kranke Nina 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn recent discussions, the widespread conviction that scientific individuation practices are governed by theories and concepts of biological individuality has been challenged, particularly by advocates of practice-based approaches. This discussion raises questions about the relationship between individuation practices and concepts of individuality. In this paper, I discuss four studies of host–parasite systems and analyze the respective individuation practices to see whether they correspond to established concepts of biological individuality. My analysis suggests that scientists individuate biological systems on different levels of organization and that the researchers’ respective emphasis on one of the levels depends on the explanandum and research context as well as epistemic aims and purposes. It thus makes sense to use different concepts of individuality to account for different individuation practices. However, not all individuation practices are represented equally well by concepts of biological individuality. To account for this observation, I propose that concepts of individuality should be understood as abstracted, idealized, or simplified models that represent only certain aspects of scientific practice. A modeling account suggests a pluralistic view of concepts of biological individuality that not only allows the coexistence of different kinds of individuality (e.g., evolutionary individuality, immunological individuality, ecological individuality) but also of normative and descriptive concepts.
Federal Drug Sentencing and the Overdose Epidemic
Authors: Feldmeyer Ben , Holmes Bryan , Sun Diana 
Published: September 2024

Abstract Research examining how federal courts have responded to the 21st century overdose crisis is limited, and even less is known about how district exposure to overdoses has shaped federal drug sentences. The current study examines how drug sentence lengths are contextualized by district-level overdose death rates across both substance type and race/ethnicity using federal sentencing data, Centers for Disease Control overdose mortality data, and other data on district social and legal characteristics for the 2015-2020 period. Findings reveal that district overdose death rates (especially involving minorities) are associated with slightly shorter drug sentences, net of other factors. In addition, Black-White and Hispanic-White sentence length gaps in drug cases declined in districts with more overdose deaths in part due to higher White sentence lengths, but mostly because minority sentences became shorter as district overdose mortality rates increased. These results suggest that exposure to the overdose crisis has not resulted in greater punitiveness in drug sentence lengths, and if anything, has been tied to leniency especially for minorities. Implications of these results for research on the 21st century overdose crisis, federal court responses to this crisis (especially across race/ethnicity), and for contextual effects in sentencing are discussed.
Impfempfehlungen bei Immunsupprimierten
Authors: Tobudic Selma 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Impfung immunsupprimierter Patienten stellt eine besondere Herausforderung in der medizinischen Praxis dar, da diese Patientengruppe aufgrund ihrer eingeschränkten Immunabwehr ein erhöhtes Risiko für schwere Infektionen aufweist. Verschiedene Ursachen wie Autoimmunerkrankungen, Organtransplantationen, hämatologische Malignome und bestimmte Therapien, darunter Biologika und zielgerichtete Krebstherapien, können eine Immunsuppression auslösen. Während Totimpfstoffe in der Regel sicher angewendet werden können, ist ihre Immunogenität bei immunsupprimierten Patienten häufig vermindert, was eine sorgfältige Überwachung des Impferfolgs notwendig macht. Lebendimpfstoffe sind hingegen bei schwerer Immunsuppression aufgrund des Risikos einer impfstoffinduzierten Infektion kontraindiziert.Der österreichische Impfplan 2023/2024 sowie die Empfehlungen der Ständigen Impfkommission (STIKO) und weiterer fachspezifischer Gesellschaften bieten klare Leitlinien für die Impfungen dieser Hochrisikopatienten. Dazu gehört auch die Anpassung der Impfstrategien in Abhängigkeit von der Schwere der Immunsuppression, der Art der zugrunde liegenden Erkrankung und den spezifischen Bedürfnissen des Patienten. Zudem wird die Bedeutung von Titerkontrollen zur Sicherstellung einer adäquaten Immunantwort hervorgehoben, insbesondere bei Patienten, die sich bereits unter einer immunsuppressiven Therapie befinden. Durch eine frühzeitige und individuell angepasste Impfplanung sowie eine interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit können das Risiko schwerer Infektionen reduziert und die gesundheitlichen Ergebnisse dieser Patientengruppe verbessert werden.
The Fishing and Aquaculture Production of Latin America with Respect to the Trade Balance and Foreign Investment
Authors: de las Mercedes Jaime Muñiz Rebeca , del Río Juan Antonio Jimber 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the past few years, despite Latin America having allocated more resources to the innovation and study of the fishing and aquaculture sector, this economic sector still maintains the same level in the short or long term in relation to imports and exports as the axis of the economies in foreign investment with a lasting participation in the Latin American market. For this reason, our study aims to study the impact that fishery production has on the economy of Latin America. Using time series from 1990 to 2020 on fisheries data, the individual and group variables will be studied by using the fixed and random-effects model for estimation. A panel autoregressive econometric technique (Panel-ARDL) will be used to observe the relationship in the long and short term. Our results suggest that in the long term, aquaculture and fishing production have a positive relationship with FDI, that is, a 1% increase in production results in an FDI increase of 1.49%, being significant at 1%, while, in the short term, it was established that the coefficient was 0.32%, being statistically significant. Finally, to validate the short-term model, an ECM was calculated, whose coefficient has a negative sign and is statistically significant.
Assessing organizational framework conditions for the successful, human-centered introduction of AI applications
Authors: Altepost Andrea , Elaroussi Farah , Hansen-Ampah Adjan , Harlacher Markus , Merx Wolfgang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAs part of WIRKsam Competence Center, the authors aim to identify and improve organizational conditions in companies that are conducive to the successful introduction of AI technologies in the workplace. This paper examines various factors that are considered crucial for effective AI integration, including technology acceptance, access to IT infrastructure, workforce structure, organizational culture and participatory practices. Using a mixed-methods approach, WIRKsam relates the initial organizational conditions to the researchers’ assessments and experiences of the first 24 months of the study. The analysis uses both qualitative and quantitative data and provides a robust framework for identifying the respective organizational prerequisites.It aims to map these factors and provide insights. Our results show the application partners involved in WIRKsam as companies with individual characteristics of technology and AI affinity as well as different organizational cultures. The workforce is predominantly male. Slightly more than half of the employees are 45 years and older. Overall, the research activities in WIRKsam are met with openness to electronic devices and AI. However, the fears of the employees are somewhat underestimated by the researchers. Employees rate their knowledge and experience with regard to AI as low and need support here in order to be able to participate in the participatory design of work systems in a more informed way. Management support is a key aspect of technology adoption that employees find important. Their absence is accompanied by worries about the job and lower expectations of positive changes in work, among other things. The knowledge gained will be incorporated into the development of tailor-made action plans to optimize conditions in similar environments.Practical relevance: Using the example of the application companies in WIRKsam Competence Center, the results show that there are very different combinations of framework conditions for the successful introduction of AI into operational practice in companies. Action plans can be derived to individually adapt the integrated approach according to the WIRKsam procedure model. The applied mix of methods allows a very comprehensive analysis and contributes to the validity of the results. In particular, the survey of researchers contributes to new findings, the importance of which lies on the one hand in complementing the perspective of employees and the company as a whole, and on the other hand in providing the researchers themselves with a basis for reflecting on their basic assumptions as an entire research team.
Criteria for enhancing student wellbeing in STEM classrooms: ICT and indigenous knowledge in South African higher education
Authors: Nkopodi Nkopodi , Jakovljevic Maria , Photo Patricia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study explores the integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) to enhance student well-being in STEM classrooms within South African higher education. South Africa has long struggled with low enrolment and poor performance in STEM subjects, impaired by inadequate teacher training, teaching methodologies, and psychological factors such as anxiety. The COVID-19 pandemic has further emphasized the need for resourcefulness in education, highlighting the potential benefits of technology and indigenous knowledge in mitigating these challenges. The researchers investigate the synergy between ICT and IKS in reducing stress and anxiety among STEM students and educators. The study employs a critical reflective approach to analyze existing literature and derive a preliminary framework. This framework includes criteria for integrating IKS into STEM curricula, strategies for using ICT and IKS synergistically, and professional development for STEM teachers in the era of decolonization and the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). The study concludes by proposing twelve preliminary criteria for the effective use of ICT and IKS to address psychological challenges in STEM education. These criteria aim to promote a holistic, inclusive, and culturally relevant learning environment that leverages both traditional knowledge and modern technological advancements. However, the study’s reliance on theoretical perspectives without empirical testing may affect the validation of the proposed criteria.
The Medical and Physical Journal and the construction of medical journalism in Britain, 1733–1803
Authors: Mackintosh Alan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Medical practitioners, inevitably scattered across the country, need frequent periodicals to communicate the latest medical information. Journals are an essential component of the infrastructure of modern medicine, yet they were slow to achieve firm roots in Britain during the eighteenth century, with few sustained quarterly periodicals and the only attempt at a monthly lasting a year. Then in 1799, Richard Phillips, owner of the Monthly Magazine, published the Medical and Physical Journal, the first sustained monthly medical journal, which lasted for thirty-four years. Ever since, Britain has never been without a monthly or weekly general medical journal. Responding to the need for a strong commercial focus, the Journal used a magazine format which blended reviews and abstracts of already published material with original contributions and medical news, and it quickly achieved a national circulation by close engagement with all types of practitioners across the country.
Contrary to the historiography, the Journal was distinctly different from the contemporaneous monthly science journals. The key to success was two-way communication with all practitioners, especially the numerous surgeons and surgeon-apothecaries who were increasingly better trained and confident of their status. Much of the content of the Journal was written by these readers, and with rapid, reliable distribution and quick publication of correspondence, controversial topics could be bounced back and forth between all practitioners, including the distinguished. Initially, the editors tried to maximise circulation by avoiding any controversy, but this started to change in the first few years of the next century.
CEO Cross-Sector Work Experience and Public–Private Partnership Formation of Private Firms in China
Authors: Chen Anni , Wang Yue , Zhang Jiayin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAs the need for collaboration across multiple organizations to deal with complex social issues such as poverty, crime, and public health grows, Public–Private Partnership (PPP) is of increasing importance. However, little is known about when and why private firms engage in such partnerships. Drawing on upper-echelon theory and the information-processing perspective, we highlight the importance of institutional knowledge and information embedded in CEO cross-sector work experience. We argue that such tacit knowledge and information enables CEOs to better identify the potential risks associated with PPPs. Consequently, CEOs with cross-sector work experience tend to be more cautious in participating in such partnerships, especially in developing economies like China, where private actors face greater information incompleteness concerning post-collaboration hazards due to the government's selective disclosure. Moreover, we develop a multi-moderator framework in which regional marketization and political connection alter the main effect by serving as supplementary information channels for private actors. A panel dataset of Chinese private listed firms from 2013 to 2021 provides strong support for our hypotheses. This study contributes to our understanding of the micro-foundation of PPP formation and draws attention to CEOs’ prior career experiences in different organizational forms.
Identification and summarisation of events from Twitter using clustering algorithms and deep neural network
Authors: Chakma Kunal , Jamatia Anupam , Rudrapal Dwijen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The proliferation of social networks has caused an increase in the amount of textual content generated by users. The voluminous nature of such content poses a challenge to users, necessitating the development of technological solutions for automatic summarisation. This paper presents a two-stage framework for generating abstractive summaries from a collection of Twitter texts. In the first stage of the framework, event detection is carried out through clustering, followed by event summarisation in the second stage. Our approach involves generating contextualised vector representations of tweets and applying various clustering techniques to the vectors. The quality of the resulting clusters is evaluated, and the best clusters are selected for the summarisation task based on this evaluation. In contrast to previous studies, we experimented with various clustering techniques as a preprocessing step to obtain better event representations. For the summarisation task, we utilised pre-trained models of three state-of-the-art deep neural network architectures and evaluated their performance on abstractive summarisation of the event clusters. Summaries are generated from clusters that contain (a) unranked tweets, (b) all ranked tweets, and (c) the top 10 ranked tweets. Of these three sets of clusters, we obtained the best ROUGE scores from the top 10 ranked tweets. From the summaries generated from the clusters containing the top ten tweets, we obtained ROUGE-1 F score of 48%, ROUGE-2 F score of 37%, ROUGE-L F score of 44%, and ROUGE-SU F score of 33% which suggests that if relevant tweets are at the top of a cluster, and then better summaries are generated.
INEQUALITIES AND UNIFORM ASYMPTOTIC FORMULAE FOR SPT-CRANK OF PARTITIONS
Authors: CHEN YUAN , ZHOU NIAN HONG 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe establish some inequalities that arise from truncating Lerch sums and derive uniform asymptotic formulae for the spt-crank of ordinary partitions. The uniform asymptotic formulae improve upon a result of Mao [‘Asymptotic formulas for spt-crank of partitions’, J. Math. Anal. Appl.460(1) (2018), 121–139].
GRAPHS WITH SEMITOTAL DOMINATION NUMBER HALF THEIR ORDER
Authors: CHEN JIE , XU SHOU-JUN 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In an isolate-free graph G, a subset S of vertices is a semitotal dominating set of G if it is a dominating set of G and every vertex in S is within distance 2 of another vertex of S. The semitotal domination number of G, denoted by

$\gamma _{t2}(G)$

, is the minimum cardinality of a semitotal dominating set in G. Goddard, Henning and McPillan [‘Semitotal domination in graphs’, Utilitas Math.94 (2014), 67–81] characterised the trees and graphs of minimum degree 2 with semitotal domination number half their order. In this paper, we characterise all graphs whose semitotal domination number is half their order.