bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dose-rate effects and tumor control probability in 177Lu-based targeted radionuclide therapy: a theoretical analysis
Authors: Galler M , Chibolela C , Thiele F , Rogasch J M M , Amthauer H 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective.
177Lu-based targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) has become an important cancer treatment option in recent years, in particular in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer and metastasized neuroendocrine tumors. Although it is known from conventional radiotherapy that the temporal dynamics of the dose-rate can be of relevance for tumor cell survival, the analysis of TRT efficacy usually considers only the absorbed dose. Thus, the aim of this theoretical analysis is to shed light on the possible effects of the pattern of dose-rate in TRT on tumor control probability (TCP). Approach. For this purpose, TCP is studied numerically in a typical four-cycle treatment regime based on the mechanistic lethal-potentially lethal model and the Zaider–Minerbo model for TCP including repopulation of tumor cells. Main results. It is shown that the dose-rate pattern in TRT can have a substantial effect on TCP even though the absorbed dose in the tumor lesion is unchanged. These dose-rate effects are particularly evident when repair of potentially lethal lesions is slow. Significance. The results indicate that in some situations in the analysis of the efficacy of TRT it is necessary to consider the full dose-rate pattern instead of the absorbed dose alone. This can be highly relevant for optimization and further development of TRTs. In particular, it could be of relevancy in studying the efficacy of newly emerging treatment concepts that combine the use of TRT and drugs that inhibit DNA damage repair.
Modeling the hundreds-of-nanoseconds-long irradiation of tin droplets with a 2 µm-wavelength laser for future EUV lithography
Authors: de Lange S J J , Hemminga D J , Mostafa Y , Meijer R A , Versolato O O , Sheil J 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The properties of an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) source driven by hundreds-of-nanoseconds-long laser pulses of

λ

laser

=

2 µm wavelength are investigated through radiation-hydrodynamic simulations. We show that single-pulse irradiation of 30 µm-diameter tin droplets can generate in-band energies

∼

30

mJ directed in the 2π sr solid angle subtended by the collector mirror, yielding energies ∼100 mJ produced from 45 µm-diameter droplets. Time-integrated in-band EUV emission profiles, generated by taking Abel transforms of the local net in-band emissivity, reveal EUV source sizes in the axial (laser) direction × radial direction of ∼600 (1000) × 100 (150) µm2 for 30 (45) µm-diameter droplets. We find that approximately 74% of the total in-band emission is produced during the first half of the total propulsion distance irrespective of droplet size or laser intensity. Furthermore, we propose a one-dimensional analytical propulsion model to qualitatively explain the simulated droplet trajectory and to predict the time taken for the droplet to vaporize. These findings offer motivation for the development of high-power EUV sources based on single-pulse, hundreds-of-nanoseconds-long irradiation of tin droplets.
Numerical analysis on the performance enhancement in AlGaN/GaN vertical CAVET with InGaN/AlN/InGaN hybrid current blocking layer
Authors: Yi Huang , Wu Yanjun , Gao Sheng , Wang Qi , Hongsheng Zhang , Haishi Wang , Han Genquan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we propose an enhanced superjunction AlGaN/GaN vertical current aperture vertical electron transistor (CAVET) that integrates a novel hybrid InGaN/AlN/InGaN current blocking layer (CBL) situated above the P-column, directly beneath the channel. The incorporation of InGaN substantially elevates the device’s saturation output current by introducing a subchannel beneath the AlGaN/GaN heterojunction conducting channel. Nonetheless, the introduction of AlN engenders a two-dimensional hole gas of opposite polarization direction via the GaN/AlN heterojunction, which aids in depleting the two-dimensional electron gas within the channel, thereby mitigating the issue of negative threshold voltage (V
th) bias occasioned by the subchannel introduced by InGaN. The outcomes demonstrate that the maximum saturation output current (I
d) for the proposed architecture is 361.5 mA mm−1, with a V
th of 1.63 V, marking increases of 98.6% and 0.08% over the traditional superjunction CAVET, respectively. Simultaneously, the breakdown voltage (V
br) of the designed device is recorded at 12 064 V, and the specific on-resistance (R
on,sp) is 6.45 Ω·mm, showcasing a enhancement figure of merit of 32.9% in comparison to the traditional superjunction CAVET.
Spatial coding metastructure for single-sensor impact region recognition
Authors: Jiang Tianxi , Zhou Tianyue , Wang Xihao , Li Tianqi , Jin Hu , Zhang Shiwu , Peng Zhi-Ke , He Qingbo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The rapid development of aircraft has created a strong demand for structural health monitoring, but current methods that rely on multiple sensor fusion suffer from complex hardware systems. Computational sensing with metastructures provides a promising approach to reduce sensing cost, but the lack of calibrated information makes it challenging to identify impact regions. In this study, we propose a concept of spatial coding metastructure for impact region recognition with a single sensor. Owing to the multi-order local resonance effect, the metastructures are capable of producing multiple vibration modulations over a wide frequency band. We demonstrate that the frequency-dependent vibration modulation effects of the metastructures on different test regions are distinguishable, a characteristic referred to as spatial coding. This characteristic enables impact regions to be accurately recognized with only a single sensor by using machine learning methods. Our work not only presents promising application prospects for condition monitoring of aircraft and other mechanical systems, but also inspires the development of safer and more efficient systems in various industries.
Deformation analysis for magnetic soft continuum robots based on minimum potential energy principle
Authors: Wang Zili , Weng Ding , Li Zhaoxin , Chen Lei , Ma Yuan , Wang Jiadao 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In recent years, there has been rapid development in magnetic soft continuum robots (MSCRs). MSCRs are facilitated by the uniform dispersion of hard magnetic material particles within elastomers, serving as the actuating source. The external magnetic field interacts with the hard magnetic material to produce magnetic force and/or torque, leading to significant deformation over a wide range. Unlike existing pneumatic or tendon-driven robots, MSCRs do not require additional space or chambers, demonstrating potential for miniaturization. Analyzing the deformation of MSCRs and describing their nonlinear coupled magnetic-elastic deformation behavior is essential, in order to realize the further development and potential applications of MSCRs in various fields. In this study, a deformation model for MSCRs has been developed, which is based on the principle of minimum potential energy. This model accurately predicts the deflection caused by magnetic torque under an external uniform magnetic field. By comparison with experiment results, the proposed deformation analysis model presents a simple and fast modeling process in contrast to existing commercial finite element simulation software. Moreover, the proposed model exhibits good deformation prediction accuracy. By utilizing numerical method in this study to analyze the nonlinear deformation behavior of MSCRs, the constructed model can offer valuable guidance in optimizing the design and control of MSCRs. Furthermore, the deformation analysis conducted on MSCRs can elucidate the feasibility and future potential of realizing their inverse design.
A biomimetic chiral auxetic vertebral meta-shell
Authors: Sorrentino A , Genovese K , Nicolini L , Castagnetti D 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The work presents a novel thin-walled biomimetic auxetic meta-shell for patient-specific vertebral orthopedic implants. The proposed design stemmed from the concept of an intrinsically multiple curved auxetic meta-structure, which is created by folding a two-dimensional bio-inspired chiral geometry according to the morphology of human vertebral cortical bones. Through a multi-view stereo digital image correlation system, we investigated the mechanical response of a bio-grade titanium (Ti6Al4V ELI) additively manufactured prototype of the meta-structure under compressive loadings. In addition, we analyzed the morphology of the prototype using a scanning electron microscopy and an optical image dimension measurement system both before and after compressive tests. An accurate Finite Element model, which exactly reproduced the geometry of the three-dimensional printed meta-shell, was implemented and calibrated against experimental results, obtaining a precise prediction tool of its mechanical response. The findings of this work demonstrate that the designed meta-shell shows a peculiar auxetic behavior, a targeted stiffness matching to that of human vertebral bone tissues and a higher global elastic strain capability compared to those of monolithic traditional vertebral body replacements.
Magnetic-field-controllable elasticity of helical spring magnets composed of magnetic-particle-polymer composites
Authors: An Hyun , Yoon Ji-Yeol , Kim Yongsub , Kim Sang-Koog 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We present an experimental study demonstrating the ability to control the spring constant of helical mechanical springs using a magnetic field, achieved by embedding ferrimagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles within in a silicone polymer matrix. The composite material, in its gel form, was injected into a 3D-printed mold featuring a helical-spring-shaped cavity. An external magnetic field applied perpendicular to the coil axis of the spring allows the aligmment of the magnetic nanoparticle assemblies (chain axis) in the field direction. This alignment process determines the preferred magnetization orientation of the particle assembly chain, thereby balancing the magnetic force between the magnetic anisotropy field and the Zeeman field under a given external field. When the spring is subjected to compression or stretching loads under an externally applied magnetic field, these two magnetic fields modify the effective spring constant of the helical spring magnets (HSMs) by ∼31%, incresing it from 8.7 N m−1 (under no field) to 11.5 N m−1 at 300 mT. Analytical modeling using a simplified rod geometry aptly explains the experimental results, demonstrating that the spring constant linearly increases with the field strength up to 300 mT. Such composite HSMs could be utilized as active vibration absorbers or isolators due to their field-controllable elasticity.
Analytical prediction of temperature effects on Lamb wave response in smart plates and its experimental verification
Authors: Sharma B N , Kapuria S , Arockiarajan A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article examines the effectiveness of a recently developed theoretical model for the generation and sensing of Lamb waves in thin plates with surface-bonded piezoelectric transducers in predicting temperature effects on Lamb waves and their time reversibility. In particular, the analytical model provides a closed-form solution, which incorporates both the shear-lag effect of the bonding layer and the system inertia in transducer-plate interaction modeling. Temperature-dependent material properties and thermal expansion of the system constituents are considered to predict the Lamb wave signal under a thermal environment. The accuracy of the theoretical prediction is assessed in comparison with experimental results obtained using an aluminum plate with adhesively bonded lead zirconate titanate transducers to its surface at different system temperatures ranging from 20 °C to 75 °C. Comparison is also made with experimental data and analytical solutions presented earlier without considering the inertia effect. The study reveals that the current solution accurately predicts the change in Lamb wave signal due to temperature variation, including the frequency dependency of the peak amplitude change with temperature rise. However, the theoretical model fails to predict the experimental trends when the inertia terms are neglected. The current model is also used to study the contributions of individual system parameters to the overall temperature effect on the time reversibility of Lamb waves and its dependence on the excitation frequency.
Dynamic resistance of a REBCO tape carrying direct current under a mixture magnetic field of AC field with DC-biased field
Authors: Xiao Huaqian , Ma Jun , Luo Xuezhi , Feng Bin , Li Qiao 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
When the REBCO coated conductor tape carries a direct current (DC) transport current whilst exposed to the alternating current (AC) magnetic field, a DC electrical resistance can be observed, which is called ‘dynamic resistance’. The high temperature superconducting (HTS) magnet wound by the REBCO tapes is located in the HTS electrical machine as field winding carrying DC transport current. The operational environment of the HTS electrical machine involves a complex magnetic field, encompassing both AC and DC components. The interaction between the AC magnetic field and the DC transport current induces dynamic resistance and dynamic loss in the REBCO tape which is a distinctive trait of REBCO tape. Additionally, the presence of an extra DC-biased magnetic field can decrease the critical current of the REBCO tape, thereby altering its electromagnetic properties and potentially compromising its safety. As the basis of superconducting magnets, it is particularly important to study the dynamic resistance and loss distribution of the single REBCO tape under a mixture of magnetic field backgrounds, according to the real working environments in various applications. In this paper, the electromagnetic model of multilayer REBCO tape based on
H
-formulation is built in COMSOL Multiphysics. The electromagnetic characteristics and dynamic resistance of the tape are presented when the tape is applied AC magnetic field and carries DC transport current. The effects of perpendicular and parallel DC-biased magnetic fields on the dynamic resistance and loss distribution of the REBCO tape are investigated in the paper. And the DC transport current safety margin will be observed in different applied DC-biased magnetic fields. This study comprehensively demonstrates the variation of dynamic resistance and loss distribution under a complex background magnetic field, which is significant for exploring the electromagnetic characteristics and calculating the loss of the HTS magnets in the HTS electrical machine.
Navigation of superparamagnetic particles with a pre-magnetized high-temperature superconducting bulk in a weak background field
Authors: Arsenault Alexandre , Sirois Frédéric , Li Ning , Soulez Gilles 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Recent research has shown significant progress towards a full body magnetic drug delivery (MDD) system for use in targeted cancer treatments. Although many different MDD systems have been proposed to generate strong remote forces capable of rapidly changing directions at distances greater than 10 cm, current state-of-the-art technologies lack in force strength and/or degrees of freedom. Knowing that high temperature superconducting (HTS) bulks can achieve trapped fields an order of magnitude larger than ferromagnets, this work aims at numerically and experimentally evaluating the forces that can be produced by HTS bulks in a uniform magnetic field. We first use Hall probe measurements and finite element simulations to determine the magnetic field generated by an HTS pellet and show that both results are in good agreement. Using a combination of simulations and experiments, we then show that for a

14
×
6

mm YBa2Cu3O

7
−
x

pellet magnetized at 2 T, remote forces on superparamagnetic microparticles are maximized at background fields of ∼50 mT. In addition, the direction of the magnetic forces can be flipped by changing the direction of the applied field relative to the HTS’s magnetization. The HTS bulk was successfully used to navigate magnetic microparticles in a glass bifurcation mimicking the hepatic artery of the human liver. Finally, we show by simulation that a large HTS pellet magnetized at 5 T in a field of ∼250 mT can generate stronger forces with more degrees of freedom than the strongest forces achievable in current MDD technologies.
Understanding vortex dynamics in CaK(Fe,Ni)4As4 and Ba(Fe,Co)2As2 single crystals under the influence of random point disorder
Authors: Haberkorn N , Xu M , Schmidt J , Suárez S , Bud’Ko S L , Canfield P C 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We report on the influence of doping on vortex dynamics in 3 MeV proton-irradiated single crystals of CaK(Fe1−x
Ni
x
)4As4 (1144, x = 0.015, 0.025, and 0.03) and Ba(Fe1−x
Co
x
)2As2 (x = 0.04, 0.062, 0.066 and 0.074). Non-irradiated crystals of the 1144 system display superconducting critical temperatures ranging from 31 K for x = 0.015–20.5 K, as doping increases to 0.03. On the other hand, pristine crystals of the 122 system show Tc
values between 14.6 and 23.6 K, with the maximum Tc
occurring at intermediate doping levels. The fluence was set at 3 × 1016 p cm−2, resulting in a decrease in the Tc
by around 1.5 K for all samples and significantly affecting the vortex dynamics by reducing the flux creep relaxation compared to previously reported values for unirradiated crystals. Parameters such as vortex pinning energy U
0 and the glassy exponent μ dependencies on doping and magnetic field strength are identified. For the 1144 system, U
0 reaches values approaching 500 K for small fields in samples with Tc
= 29.3 K (x = 0.015), systematically decreasing to around 200 K as Tc
falls below 20 K. Furthermore, U
0 decreases as the field increases to 3 T for the same sample, varying from approximately 250 K to 100 K as Tc
decreases. These changes are typically accompanied by modifications in μ, gradually increasing from values around 1 towards 1.5, corresponding to small bundle relaxation in the collective creep theory. Despite differences in the substitutional disorder and magnetic phase diagram with respect to the 1144 system, the results for 122 single crystals follow a similar tendency in which U
0 usually reduces and μ increase rise as the applied magnetic field is increased. Due to moderate U
0 in these systems (few hundreds of kelvins), the resulting decay of persistent current at liquid helium temperatures is primarily determined by a balance between U
0 and bundle size contribution. These findings provide valuable insights for potential applications of these systems, particularly in the context of intrinsic superconducting parameters and the resulting pinning landscape.
Efficient solutions to time-fractional telegraph equations with Chebyshev neural networks
Authors: Ali Amina Hassan , Senu Norazak , Ahmadian Ali 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study aims to employ artificial neural networks (ANNs) as a novel method for solving time fractional telegraph equations (TFTEs), which are typically addressed using the Caputo fractional derivative in scientific investigations. By integrating Chebyshev polynomials as a substitute for the traditional hidden layer, computational performance is enhanced, and the range of input patterns is broadened. A feed-forward neural network (NN) model, optimized using the adaptive moment estimation (Adam) technique, is utilized to refine network parameters and minimize errors. Additionally, the Taylor series is applied to the activation function, which removes any limitation on taking fractional derivatives during the minimization process. Several benchmark problems are selected to evaluate the proposed method, and their numerical solutions are obtained. The results demonstrate the method’s effectiveness and accuracy, as evidenced by the close agreement between the numerical solutions and analytical solutions.
Ground penetrating radar clutter suppression based on the weighted tensor Schatten p-paradigm minimization of tensor principal components
Authors: Zhou Hao , Li Minchao , Yang Yanbo , Du Yongxing , Pan Bingbing 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The issue of clutter suppression in ground-penetrating radar (GPR) detection has consistently been a prominent area of research. The existing tensor robust principal component analysis (TRPCA) approach encounters a challenge when handling different singular values, whereby all singular values are reduced to the same degree, leading to loss of information in the low-rank part. To address the aforementioned issues, this study developed a TRPCA method based on weighted tensor Schatten p-paradigm minimisation (p-TRPCA). This approach assigns distinct weights to each singular value by using a weighted tensor Schatten p-paradigm, facilitating the optimal decomposition of GPR data into low-rank clutter and sparse target components. The processing of target echoes is then completed by applying a threshold judgement to the results. The efficacy of the proposed method was validated through simulations and real-world testing. Its performance was benchmarked against established advanced clutter removal techniques in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and signal-to-clutter ratio. The findings demonstrated that the method effectively delineated the low-rank clutter matrix and sparse target matrix within the B-scan image and exhibited superior SNR compared to other methods.
Rogue-wave structures for a generalized (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear wave equation in liquid with gas bubbles
Authors: Mohan Brij , Kumar Sachin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study explores the behavior of higher-order rogue waves within a (3+1)-dimensional generalized nonlinear wave equation in liquid-containing gas bubbles. It creates the investigated equation’s Hirota D-operator bilinear form. We employ a generalized formula with real parameters to obtain the rogue waves up to the third order using the direct symbolic technique. The analysis reveals that the second and third-order rogue solutions produce two and three-waves, respectively. To gain deeper insights, we use the Cole-Hopf transformation on the transformed variables ξ and η to produce a bilinear equation. Using the system software Mathematica, the dynamic analysis presents the graphics for the obtained solutions in transformed ξ, η, and original spatial-temporal coordinates x, y, z, t. These visualizations reveal rogue waves’ intricate structure and evolution, capturing their localized interactions and significant presence within nonlinear systems. We demonstrate that rogue waves, characterized by their substantial height and sudden appearance, are prevalent in various nonlinear events. The equation examined in this study offers valuable insights into the evolution of longer waves with smaller amplitudes, which is particularly relevant in fields such as fluid dynamics, dispersive media, and plasmas. The implications of this research extend across multiple scientific domains, including fiber optics, oceanography, dusty plasma, and nonlinear systems, where understanding the behavior of rogue waves is crucial for both theoretical and practical applications.