bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cutaneous histoplasmosis with prominent parasitization of epidermal keratinocytes: report of a case
Authors: Honarpisheh Hedieh H. , Curry Jonathan L. , Richards Kristen , Nagarajan Priyadharsini , Aung Phyu P. , Torres‐Cabala Carlos A. , Ivan Doina , Drucker Carol R. , Cartun Richard , Prieto Victor G. , Tetzlaff Michael T. 
Published: August 2016

Disseminated histoplasmosis most commonly occurs in immunosuppressed individuals and involves the skin in approximately 6% of patients. Cutaneous histoplasmosis with an intraepithelial‐predominant distribution has not been described.A 47‐year‐old man was admitted to our institution with fever and vancomycin‐resistant enterococcal bacteremia. He had been diagnosed with T‐cell prolymphocytic leukemia 4 years earlier and had undergone matched‐unrelated‐donor stem cell transplant 2 years earlier; on admission, he had relapsed disease. His medical history was significant for disseminated histoplasmosis 6 months before admission, controlled with multiple antifungal regimens. During this final hospitalization, the patient developed multiple 2–5 mm erythematous papules, a hemorrhagic crust across the chest, shoulders, forearms, dorsal aspect of the fingers, abdomen and thighs. Skin biopsy revealed clusters of oval yeast forms mostly confined to the cytoplasm of keratinocytes and within the stratum corneum; scattered organisms were present in the underlying superficial dermis without any significant associated inflammatory infiltrate. Special stains and immunohistochemical studies confirmed these to be Histoplasma organisms.We highlight this previously unrecognized pattern of cutaneous histoplasmosis to ensure its prompt recognition and appropriate antifungal therapy.
Value of adding GNAS testing to pancreatic cyst fluid KRAS and carcinoembryonic antigen analysis for the diagnosis of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms
Authors: Kadayifci Abdurrahman , Atar Mustafa , Wang Jessica L. , Forcione David G. , Casey Brenna W. , Pitman Martha B. , Brugge William R. 
Published: August 2016

Background and AimMolecular analysis of pancreatic cyst fluid (PCF) has been proposed as a novel method for differentiating pancreatic cystic lesions (PCL). The present study aimed to investigate the value of GNAS testing when added to KRAS and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) testing of PCF for the diagnosis of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN).MethodsProspectively collected endoscopic ultrasonography fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) data were analyzed retrospectively for GNAS and KRAS mutations and CEA results. IPMN were histologically confirmed or supported by imaging and EUS‐FNA findings (KRAS, CEA, cytology). Performance characteristics of GNAS added to KRAS and CEA for the diagnosis of IPMN were calculated.ResultsThe study population consisted of 197 patients with cyst fluid test results. Cysts were histologically classified in 33 patients and by clinical criteria in 164 patients. The IPMN group included 108 patients and the non‐IPMN group included 89 patients. GNAS was positive in 51 patients (47.2%) with IPMN. Forty‐two of these patients (82.3%) also had a KRAS mutation. Adding GNAS to KRAS increased the diagnostic accuracy from 76.6% to 79.1% (P > 0.05). Adding GNAS to CEA increased the diagnostic accuracy from 66.4% to 80.7 % (P < 0.05), but did not achieve a diagnostic superiority to KRAS testing alone (80.7% vs 76.6%, P > 0.05). The diagnostic accuracy of the triple combination was significantly better than all single tests (P < 0.05).ConclusionGNAS mutation is a highly specific test for IPMN. When GNAS testing is added to CEA and KRAS, a significantly greater overall accuracy (86.2%) is achieved.
Diel migration pattern of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and sea trout (Salmo trutta) smolts: an assessment of environmental cues
Authors: Haraldstad Tormod , Kroglund Frode , Kristensen Torstein , Jonsson Bror , Haugen Thrond O. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe timing of smolt migration is a key phenological trait with profound implications for individual survival during both river descent and the subsequent sea sojourn of anadromous fish. We studied relationships between the time of smolt migration, water temperature and light intensity for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and sea trout (Salmo trutta). During 2006–2012, migrating smolts descending the southern Norway River Storelva were caught in a rotary screw trap located at the river mouth. The date of 50% cumulative smolt descent correlated significantly with the date when the river temperature exceeded 8°C for both Atlantic salmon and sea trout smolts. In 2010, smolts of both species were passive integrated transponder (PIT)‐tagged, and the diel timing of their migration was precisely documented. The degree of night migration decreased in both species as the river temperature rose, and at temperatures above 12–13°C, more smolts migrated during day than during night. A multinomial model was fitted for estimating temperature and species effects on probabilities of migration during night, daytime, dusk and dawn. Atlantic salmon smolts preferred migrating under lower light intensities than sea trout smolts during early, but not late spring when both species migrated during bright daylight. In accordance with the early‐season tendency to migrate at night, Atlantic salmon smolts migrated more during darker hours of the day than sea trout. In both species, smaller smolts migrated under dark conditions than during light conditions. Most of the findings on thermal, light and temporal effects on the observed smolt migration pattern can be explained as adaptations to predation avoidance.
Haematogenous septic arthritis in foals: Short‐ and long‐term outcome and analysis of factors affecting prognosis
Authors: Wright L. , Ekstrøm C. T. , Kristoffersen M. , Lindegaard C. 
Published: August 2016

SummarySynovial sepsis represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality in foals; however, there are no studies focusing on foals particularly at risk during the first 2 months of life. Our objective was to analyse outcome in foals aged <2 months with haematogenous septic arthritis and to identify prognostic factors and compare the effects of two different lavage procedures on outcome. Sixty foals with synovial sepsis were used for our retrospective study in which medical records, online data and telephone interviews were utilised to analyse prognostic factors, and determine short‐ and long‐term survival and athletic performance of foals treated at Evidensia Equine Specialist Hospital, Helsingborg, between 2008 and 2014. Overall survival to discharge was 80% (48/60). Time to long‐term follow‐up ranged from 6 months to 6.5 years. Forty/60 (67%) horses survived long‐term. Four/8 (50%) of the nonsurvivors at long‐term follow‐up had been subjected to euthanasia due to sequelae of joint sepsis. Of the long‐term survivors, 37/40 (92.5%) achieved athletic soundness. Overall long‐term outcome for athletic soundness was 37/60 (62%). Prognostic factors based on historical, clinical or laboratory data, or the use of through‐and‐through needle lavage compared to endoscopic lavage as the first procedure, could not be identified. The present study demonstrates a more favourable prognosis than previously reported, with 80% of foals with synovial sepsis surviving to discharge, and approximately 60% achieving athletic soundness. However, the study was limited by a small population size, which may account for the failure to verify statistically significant prognostic factors.
Analysing hypoglycin A, methylenecyclopropylacetic acid conjugates and acylcarnitines in blood to confirm the diagnosis and improve our understanding of atypical myopathy
Authors: Votion D.‐M. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryOwing to recent methodological validation studies, we have now the opportunity to determine hypoglycin A, methylenecyclopropylacetic acid–carnitine and acylcarnitines concentrations in equine serum. These analytes are essential to confirm the diagnosis of atypical myopathy but also to improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease. In particular, they might help elucidate why some horses seem more resistant to hypoglycin A poisoning.
Contribution of organic toxicants to multiple stress in river ecosystems
Authors: Schäfer Ralf B. , Kühn Bernhard , Malaj Egina , König Anne , Gergs René 
Published: August 2016

Summary

River ecosystems are threatened by multiple stressors, including habitat degradation, pollution and invasive species. However, freshwater ecologists have largely disregarded the contribution of toxicants to stress in rivers, whereas ecotoxicologists have primarily examined toxicant effects in artificial systems. As a result, there is a paucity of information on the co‐occurrence of organic toxicants with other stressors and on the relative importance of toxicants for overall ecological risk in rivers.

We used monitoring data for German rivers to analyse the individual and joint occurrence of four stressors: habitat degradation, invasive species, nutrient pollution and organic toxicants. All stressors were examined for ecological risks in terms of whether they exceeded low‐ and high‐risk thresholds derived from published studies and regulatory thresholds.

Nutrients and habitat degradation exceeded low and high risk thresholds at c. 85% of the sites and invasive species and organic toxicants at c. 50% of the sites. At least one stressor exceeded thresholds at all sites for which data on all four stressors were available. Toxicity showed weak positive correlations with nutrients and habitat degradation (0.2 < Spearman's ρ < 0.34, 0.009 < P < 0.08). The risks of ecological effects arising from habitat degradation and invasive species were higher in lowland rivers, particularly for invasive species.

Our assessment shows that organic toxicants contribute notably to risks of ecological effects in rivers, to a similar extent as invasive species, although habitat degradation and nutrients are the dominant stressors. Exposure to multiple stressors is the typical situation prevailing in rivers. Consequently, mitigation measures focusing on individual stressors may not be effective at reducing ecological risks. This suggests that integrating concepts and data from freshwater ecology and ecotoxicology is essential to meet the challenge of managing multiple stressors in river ecosystems.
Effects of replacing timothy silage by alsike clover silage on performance, carcass traits and meat quality of finishing Aberdeen Angus and Nordic Red bulls
Authors: Huuskonen A. , Pesonen M. , Honkavaara M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe objective of the study was to determine the effects of silage plant species and cattle breed on performance and meat quality of finishing bulls. A feeding experiment was conducted using thirty Aberdeen Angus (AA) and thirty Nordic Red (NR) bulls. Both breeds were randomly allotted to three experimental diets. The composition (g kg−1 dry matter) of the diets was as follows: (i) timothy silage (TS) (650) and barley (350); (ii) TS (325), alsike clover silage (AS) (325) and barley (350); and (iii) AS (650) and barley (350). The bulls were fed a total mixed ration ad libitum. Replacing TS by AS did not affect dry‐matter intake, growth, carcass conformation or meat quality traits of the bulls, but carcass fat score tended to decrease when replacing TS by AS (P = 0·07). The AA bulls grew faster and had better feed conversion and superior carcass conformation compared with the NR bulls (P < 0·001). The loin of the AA bulls had lower shear force value and was given higher scores in sensory analyses compared with the NR bulls (P < 0·01). The experiment demonstrated that replacing TS by AS in the diet of finishing bulls had minor effects on performance or meat quality.
Methylotrophic yeast, lactic acid bacteria and glycerine as additives for sugarcane silage
Authors: Carvalho B. F. , Ávila C. L. S. , Pereira M. N. , Schwan R. F. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe ensiling of sugarcane results in high dry‐matter (DM) loss, but the addition of glycerine may compensate for the loss during ensiling. Methanol is the most undesirable contaminant of crude glycerine destined for animal feeding. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of the yeast strain Pichia methanolica NCYC 1381 to reduce the methanol concentration in sugarcane silage inoculated with Lactobacillus hilgardii CCMA 0170 + glycerine. A randomized design consisted of four dose rates of glycerine (0, 4, 8 and 12% of fresh forage), three periods of silage fermentation (11, 34 and 68 d) and three combinations of microbial additives [L. hilgardii (LH), L. hilgardii plus P. methanolica (LH + PM) and without microbial additive (WI)]. The DM of the fresh sugarcane was 275 g kg−1. The linear reduction in neutral detergent fibre caused by glycerine inclusion was probably due to a dilution effect. The LH treatment increased the concentrations of the succinic, acetic and propionic acids, and 1,2‐propanediol, and reduced the yeast population. The LH + PM treatment increased DM loss of sugarcane silage with 12% glycerine and L. hilgardii CCMA 0170 (6·1 log cfu g−1 of FM) reduced the DM loss when compared to the silage without additives. Under the conditions of the experiment, the P. methanolica treatment did not reduce the methanol concentration in silage.
The boundaries of transnationalism: the case of assisted voluntary return migrants
Authors: LIETAERT INE , BROEKAERT ERIC , DERLUYN ILSE 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFew studies on transnationalism have focused on migrants who return to their country of origin with insufficient resources and limited mobility. This study sheds light on the transnational connections of those who went back to Georgia and Armenia from Belgium on a voluntary assisted return and reintegration programme. Using Boccagni's (2012) analytical framework, we reveal the returnees' interpersonal, institutional and symbolic transnational ties. Although these ties were often limited and had little effect on their daily lives, and although the migrants' desire to participate in the transnational field rarely matched their ability to do so, they nonetheless attached great value to them symbolically and emotionally. Our findings question current conceptualizations of transnationalism and the focus on the home country as the sole context in which transnational ties should have an impact. We believe that there is a need to pay greater attention to the subjective and symbolic dimensions of the return–transnationalism field, including the relationship between integration and return migration policies.
How and why should we engage parents as co‐researchers in health research? A scoping review of current practices
Authors: Shen Shuoqi , Doyle‐Thomas Krissy A.R. , Beesley Lori , Karmali Amir , Williams Laura , Tanel Nadia , McPherson Amy C. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe importance of engaging parents in health research as co‐researchers is gaining growing recognition. While a number of benefits of involving parents as co‐researchers have been proposed, guidelines on exactly how effective engagement can be achieved are lacking. The objectives of this scoping review were to (i) synthesize current evidence on engaging parents as co‐researchers in health research; (ii) identify the potential benefits and challenges of engaging parent co‐researchers; and (iii) identify gaps in the literature.MethodsA scoping literature review was conducted using established methodology. Four research databases and one large grey literature database were searched, in addition to hand‐searching relevant journals. Articles meeting specific inclusion criteria were retrieved and data extracted. Common characteristics were identified and summarized.ResultsTen articles were included in the review, assessed as having low‐to‐moderate quality. Parent co‐researchers were engaged in the planning, design, data collection, analysis and dissemination aspects of research. Structural enablers included reimbursement and childcare. Benefits of engaging parent co‐researchers included enhancing the relevance of research to the target population, maximizing research participation and parent empowerment. Challenges included resource usage, wide‐ranging experiences, lack of role clarity and power differences between parent co‐researchers and researchers. Evaluation of parent co‐researcher engagement was heterogeneous and lacked rigour.ConclusionsA robust evidence base is currently lacking in how to effectively engage parent co‐researchers. However, the review offers some insights into specific components that may form the basis of future research to inform the development of best practice guidelines.
Oral health impact of halitosis in Chinese adults
Authors: Lu H‐X , Chen X‐L , Wong MCM , Zhu C , Ye W 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo compare differences in oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) between halitosis and non‐halitosis patients and to explore relationships between halitosis and OHRQoL.MethodsPatients who visited the halitosis clinic at the Ninth People's Hospital and were diagnosed with halitosis were included in the halitosis group. The control group consisted of patients without halitosis. All participants were assessed for halitosis (volatile sulphur compound measurements with a portable sulphide monitor, Oral Chroma and organoleptic tests), underwent a clinical oral examination (dental caries status and periodontal condition) and completed a questionnaire. Oral health‐related quality of life was measured using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐14, Chinese version).ResultsA total of 204 patients (102 halitosis and 102 controls) were included. The halitosis group had significantly higher OHIP‐14 scores (severity) than the control group (15.7 versus 7.9, P < 0.001). The mean number of items with negative impact (extent) was significantly different between the halitosis and control groups (1.8 versus 0.3, P < 0.001). Around 56% of participants in the halitosis group reported at least one item with ‘fairly often’ or ‘very often’ (prevalence), while 21% did so in the control group (P < 0.001). In halitosis patients, the most commonly reported negative impacts were within the domains of ‘psychological discomfort’ and ‘psychological disability’.ConclusionsOral health‐related quality of life status was significantly poorer in halitosis patients than in non‐halitosis patients. Halitosis patients may experience some degree of psychological discomfort and disability.
The efficacy of video monitoring‐supported student self‐evaluation of dental explorer skills in dental hygiene education
Authors: Tano R , Takaku S , Ozaki T 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate whether having dental hygiene students monitor video recordings of their dental explorer skills is an effective means of proper self‐evaluation in dental hygiene education.MethodsThe study participants comprised students of a dental hygiene training school who had completed a module on explorer skills using models, and a dental hygiene instructor who was in charge of lessons. Questions regarding ‘posture’, ‘grip’, ‘finger rest’ and ‘operation’ were set to evaluate explorer skills. Participants rated each item on a two‐point scale: ‘competent (1)’ or ‘not competent (0)’. The total score was calculated for each evaluation item in evaluations by students with and without video monitoring, and in evaluations by the instructor with video monitoring. Mean scores for students with and without video monitoring were compared using a t‐test, while intraclass correlation coefficients were found by reliability analysis of student and instructor evaluations.ResultsA total of 37 students and one instructor were subject to analysis. The mean score for evaluations with and without video monitoring differed significantly for posture (P < 0.0001), finger rest (P = 0.0006) and operation (P < 0.0001). The intraclass correlation coefficient between students and instructors for evaluations with video monitoring ranged from 0.90 to 0.97 for the four evaluation items.ConclusionThe results of this study suggested that having students monitor video recordings of their own explorer skills may be an effective means of proper self‐evaluation in specialized basic education using models.
What are student preschool teachers learning about diet in their education in Norway?
Authors: Øvrebø Else Marie 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis article is based on a qualitative study on diet education among student preschool teachers. The problem under discussion is: What does a student preschool teacher learn in his education about food, meals, and nutrition? The material used in the article comprises interviews with student preschool teachers at one university and one college in Norway. Preschool teacher education is a three years university college study with bachelor degree. The survey results show that student preschool teachers do not receive even the most element training, when it comes to food and meals, including nutrients, vitamins, and minerals, although education must prepare them for a job outside the kindergarten. Practical cooking was almost completely absent in their education, including hygiene. Most student preschool teachers did not know what fat they were to use in cooking. Food and senses, allergies, and food and culture were not discussed in their education. There was little correlation between the formal curricula in connection with food and meals and the training the preschool teacher students received in their education.
Revised annotation of Plutella xylostella microRNAs and their genome‐wide target identification
Authors: Etebari K. , Asgari S. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, is the most devastating pest of brassica crops worldwide. Although 128 mature microRNAs (miRNAs) have been annotated from this species in miRBase, there is a need to extend and correct the current P. xylostella miRNA repertoire as a result of its recently improved genome assembly and more available small RNA sequence data. We used our new ultra‐deep sequence data and bioinformatics to re‐annotate the P. xylostella genome for high confidence miRNAs with the correct 5p and 3p arm features. Furthermore, all the P. xylostella annotated genes were also screened to identify potential miRNA binding sites using three target‐predicting algorithms. In total, 203 mature miRNAs were annotated, including 33 novel miRNAs. We identified 7691 highly confident binding sites for 160 pxy‐miRNAs. The data provided here will facilitate future studies involving functional analyses of P. xylostella miRNAs as a platform to introduce novel approaches for sustainable management of this destructive pest.