bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bilinguals and knowledge of language: a commentary to “Language Acquisition and Linguistic Theory”
Authors: Laka Itziar 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
How infant and adult humans learn languages and what this tells us about the various aspects of the language system is currently a central topic in linguistic research, one that more and more includes bilingualism and language attrition in its embrace. Despite the centrality of the problem of language acquisition for Generative Grammar, it is fair to say that other modes of language learning are now entering the arena of discussion, having shown their potential for discovery in Cognitive Science at large. Some aspects of grammatical knowledge that are hard to acquire and yield differences between native and non-native speakers reveal that language learning is indeed a special type of learning, which in turn reveals that knowing more about these entails knowing more about language.
A review on stray current-induced steel corrosion in infrastructure
Authors: Chen Zhipei , Koleva Dessi , van Breugel Klaas 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMetallic corrosion can cause substantial damage at various levels and in almost all types of infrastructure. For metallic corrosion to occur, a certain external environment and the presence of corrodents are the prerequisites. Stray current-induced corrosion, however, is a rather underestimated issue in the field of corrosion and civil engineering. Stray current arising from power sources and then circulating in metal structures may initiate corrosion or even accelerate existing corrosion processes. The most frequent sources of stray current are light rail transits and subways, which are also main traffic tools with continuously accelerating urbanization all over the world. Stray currents from these systems may easily flow into nearby metallic structures, making stray current-induced corrosion the most severe form of damage of buried structures, such as tunnels, pipelines, and various underground reinforced concrete structures. The objective of this paper is to critically review stray current-induced steel corrosion in infrastructure with regard to sources of stray current and the characteristics and mechanism of stray current corrosion in view of electrochemical aspects. The methods and techniques for the evaluation, monitoring, and control of stray current-induced corrosion for steel and reinforced concrete structures are also presented and discussed.
Main development trends in public support of business research and development in Czechia
Authors: Kostić Miroslav 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The article aims at identifying main structural characteristics and development trends of business R&D support in the Czech Republic in the period 2007–2015 and their assessment in light of the development of total R&D expenditures in the business sector. Possible impacts of business research support on R&D expenditure from own resources of businesses and on R&D employment are also examined at the level of individual economic sectors. The volume of support annually allocated from the state budget to non-investment R&D activities of businesses culminated between 2009 and 2012. Compared to domestic companies, the companies in foreign ownership obtained only a quarter of public support but their share in total R&D expenditures in the business sector exceeds over a long period the share of domestic companies. Moreover, the difference has further grown in the last years mainly due to rapid increase of private funding from abroad. As regards to the size of businesses the reduction of public funding in the last years occurred primarily in the group of large businesses. However, the decreasing volume of public funding impacted only minimally on large businesses while the reliance of medium and especially small businesses on public resources is considerably higher. Substantial amounts of R&D support from the state budget were allocated particularly to high-tech and medium high-tech industries: manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products; manufacture of machinery; and manufacture of other transport equipment. Unlike in the majority of industrial branches where the absolute annual amounts of public support decreased during the last years, the amounts allocated to the sector of IT services grew significantly. Neither increase of R&D expenditure from own resources of businesses nor increase of R&D employment indicate dependence on the share of domestic public resources in BERD at the level of NACE branches.
Corporate foresight in Czechia
Authors: Kováříková Ludmila , Valenta Ondřej 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCorporate foresight in the Czech Republic has been still a rather undiscovered and unmapped subject. This drawback is at least partly reduced by this article presenting results of a pioneer empirical research among Czech companies. Results of the research indicate that the level of utilization of foresight among Czech companies is low; on the other hand, the results suggest existence of a latent demand for foresight as a tool for increasing the capacities and capabilities to innovate. Innovation activities in companies are at the same time one of the most significant way to deal with contemporary economic and social development, characterized by a rapid technological progress and accelerating pace of change.
The analysis of the public support, results, and the research field structure of the Czech security R&D in the years 2010–2015
Authors: Faťun Martin , Kučera Zdeněk , Vondrák Tomáš 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The article is devoted to an analysis of the public support and results of the security oriented R&D in Czechia in the years 2011–2015. The aim is to provide a knowledge base for active participation of users of results and existing and potential beneficiaries of public support in the development of the system and programs of the security research after 2017. The introductory part of the text describes the national environment of the security R&D, and the methodology of the data analysis of projects and programs and the bibliometric analyses of results of the security research. The analysis is focused in particular upon the distribution of the public funding, and the results obtained in R&D programs financed by the Ministry of the interior (MoI). The existing overlaps between R&D activities sponsored by MoI and by other governmental bodies are also examined.
The involvement of Czechia in the international cooperation in the security research in the years 2010–2015
Authors: Kučera Zdeněk , Faťun Martin , Frank Daniel , Vondrák Tomáš 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The aim of the paper is to assess the Czech participation in international cooperation in the security research and to identify obstacles which prevent a higher involvement of research teams from the Czech Republic in this cooperation. The methodological approach to the analysis and the used data sources are briefly described in the first part of the paper. In the next part we present the results of the analysis of the participation of entities from the Czech Republic in projects dealing with security issues, which were supported by the 7th Framework Program for Research and Technological Development and Horizon 2020, and by some other programs supporting the international cooperation in R&D. The obtained information is supplemented by results of the questionnaire survey between research organizations active in security research and by the findings of the expert workshop.
Influence of Fuel Premixing on Partially Premixed Flames in Porous-Wall Channels
Authors: Al-Malki Faisal 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This paper examines the influence of mixing a fuel with an oxidizer-rich reactant on the existence and propagation of partially premixed flames formed in a porous-wall channel. The amount of the injected fuel has been taken as a parameter to generate different states of the combustion mixtures. The problem has been mathematically formulated in the framework of the thermodiffusive model under a single-step chemical reaction. Numerical simulations based on finite elements were then employed to solve the governing partial differential equations. The study has shown that the degree of fuel premixing in the combustion mixtures as well as the value of the Lewis number of fuel and oxidizer plays a great role on the existence and structure of triple flames. It is found also that flame extinguishes for larger values of the premixing parameter. Flame structures were also found to exhibit several changes such as the shift of the leading edge toward the fuel supply side and the formation of twin flames. It has been predicted that the premixing can substantially enhance the reactivity of the combustion mixture, but on the other hand it tends to shift the flame to the boundary which may destroy the underlying combustion chamber. For nonunit Lewis numbers, fuel premixing is found to shift triple flames from the stoichiometric surface and attach the flame to the channel walls. It is predicted also that the maximum reaction rate reduces with increasing the Lewis numbers.
Informationskompetenz — Forschung in Graz und Düsseldorf
Authors: Dreisiebner Stefan , Beutelspacher Lisa , Henkel Maria 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Themen Informations- und Medienkompetenz werden seit vielen Jahren von verschiedensten Institutionen rund um den Globus wissenschaftlich beleuchtet. Auch die Abteilung für Informationswissenschaft der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf und das Institut für Informationswissenschaft und Wirtschaftsinformatik der Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz forschten zu unterschiedlichen Aspekten aus diesem Bereich. Neben der Erfassung des Stands der Informationskompetenz verschiedener Zielgruppen wurden auch neue Ansätze zur Vermittlung von Informationskompetenz in den Fokus genommen. Dieser Artikel gibt eine Übersicht über die an den Universitäten Düsseldorf und Graz erarbeiteten Forschungsprojekte zum Thema Informationskompetenz der letzten Jahre. Hierfür werden zunächst die nötigen theoretischen Grundlagen der Informations- und Medienkompetenz dargestellt und die Anstrengungen der beiden Standorte in diesen Bereichen aufgezeigt. Im Anschluss werden die Ergebnisse der verschiedenen Studien der Institute verglichen, diskutiert und zusätzlich die Möglichkeiten zur Vermittlung von Informationskompetenz erläutert. In diesem Zusammenhang wird dem vielversprechenden Thema der MOOC ein besonderer Platz eingeräumt.
Cytoreduction with Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy and Renal Insufficiency Related to Diabetes Mellitus: An Anesthetic Challenge
Authors: Bartos Adrian , Breazu Caius , Bartos Dana , Ciobanu Lidia , Mitre Calin 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) improves the prognosis in selected patients with peritoneal surface malignancies but it is an extensive procedure predisposing to major complications. Among them renal toxicity was reported. Severe renal insufficiency is considered a contraindication for this complex procedure. We present a patient with diabetic nephropathy with renal insufficiency KDOQI 3 and peritoneal metastasis from sigmoid adenocarcinoma with a good clinical outcome after CRS with HIPEC, highlighting the anesthetic precautions considered for this particular clinical case.
Clinical Features and Outcomes of Fusobacterium Species Infections in a Ten-Year Follow-up
Authors: Garcia-Carretero Rafael , Lopez-Lomba Marta , Carrasco-Fernandez Blanca , Duran-Valle Maria Teresa 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Objective: Although uncommon, Fusobacterium infections have a wide clinical spectrum, ranging from local pharyngeal infections to septic shock. Our aim was to characterize and analyze the clinical features and outcomes in patients with Fusobacterium infections, and determine which variables were able to predict a poor outcome.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective, hospital-based study using the computerized records of a second-level Spanish general hospital, serving a population of 155,000 inhabitants. The cohort was enrolled among patients cared for at the hospital between 2007 and 2016. Demographic, clinical data, microbiological characterization and outcomes at discharge, were analyzed.

Results: We collected data for all 26 patients over a 10-year period (annual incidence of 1.78 per 100,000), with an incidence of bacteremia of 0.53 cases per 100,000 population per year. F. nucleatum and F. necrophorum were the most frequent isolations (53.8% and 38.5%, respectively). F. necrophorum was found to be associated with a younger population. Although we found no deaths attributable to Fusobacterium, 15 patients (57%) were found to have severe infections due to this pathogen, and 7 patients (26.9%) were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The only identifiable risk factor for a severe infection (sepsis, septic shock or ICU admission) was the presence of bacteremia.

Conclusions: Fusobacterium infections are uncommon. F. necrophorum tends to cause infection in younger individuals, while F. nucleatum has a preference for older patients. The clinical spectrum is wide, ranging from local, non-severe infections, such as sinusitis or pharyngitis, to abscess formation and life-threatening infections.
Comparative Measurements of Aortic Diameters Using Transthoracic Echocardiography and Thoracic Computed Tomography Angiography in Neonatal Aortic Coarctation
Authors: Toma Daniela , Rusu Simina-Elena , Blesneac Cristina , Pop Marian , Togănel Rodica 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Background: Critical aortic coarctation is defined as the severe narrowing of the isthmic aortic lumen, representing a neonatal cardiac emergency, part of the congenital heart diseases with duct-dependent systemic circulation.

Aim of the study: To assess the correlation between transthoracic echocardiography and computed tomography angiography (CTA) in the measurement of aortic diameters in a group of newborns diagnosed with duct-dependent aortic coarctation and/or associated hypoplastic aortic arch.

Material and method: We performed a retrospective study on neonates diagnosed with duct-dependent aortic coarctation and/or associated hypoplastic aortic arch between January 1, 2015 and March 1, 2017. The studied parameters were diameters of the aorta at the level of the aortic annulus, coronary sinuses, sinotubular junction, ascending aorta, proximal and distal aortic arch, and the aortic isthmus. Measurements were obtained by transthoracic echocardiography and thoracic CTA.

Results: Fifteen newborns diagnosed with duct-dependent aortic coarctation and/or associated hypoplastic aortic arch were included in this study. There was no statistically significant difference between the two imaging methods, the T test highlighting differences only between the measurements of the aortic annulus (p <0.016) and coronary sinuses (p <0.008). The patients included in the study associated other cardiovascular abnormalities: persistent ductus arteriosus (100%), atrial septal defect (100%), aortic arch hypoplasia (80%), bicuspid aortic valve (73.3%).

Conclusions: These methods reveal important information on the anatomy of the cardiovascular malformation and its impact on the clinical and paraclinical status of the patient, being fundamental for establishing an optimal therapeutic approach.
Multiple Coronary Chamber Microfistulas or Persistent Thebesian Vessels?
Authors: Cernica Daniel , Bordi Lehel , Beganu Elena , Rodean Ioana , Benedek Imre 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Coronary fistulas are rare, not gender-specific congenital conditions, consisting of communications between the coronary arteries and either another coronary vessel or a cardiac chamber. In contrast to large fistulas, small fistulas, named “minimae cordis veneae” or the Thebesius venous system, are draining into heart chambers and form a vascular network in the cardiac lumen. In this article, we present the case of a 72-year-old female with a significant history of cardiovascular disease, admitted to our clinic because of rest dyspnea, fatigue, and minimal chest pain. The 12-lead electrocardiogram showed a trifascicular block (a second-degree atrioventricular block Mobitz II, associated with a right bundle branch block and left anterior fascicle block) and negative T waves in DII, DIII, aVF, V4–V6 leads. An invasive coronary angiography was performed, which revealed no significant atherosclerotic lesions. However, a persistent capillary blush was present at the apex site of the left ventricular chamber, draining from the distal segments of both the anterior descending coronary artery and the posterior interventricular coronary artery. The intramural vascular network generating a left ventricle angiogram image of this kind was suggestive for persistent Thebesian vessels connecting the two coronaries with the left ventricular chamber.
Management of Microvascular Complications in Secondary Diabetes Associated with Autoimmune Diseases — Case Report
Authors: Nemes-Nagy Enikő , Tripon Robert Gabriel , Pál Sándor , Tilinca Mariana Cornelia 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The association of multiple autoimmune diseases may represent the main focus of physicians treating patients with such pathology presenting no comorbidities of different etiology. However, autoimmune diseases and side effects of drugs may lead to development of silent health-threatening diseases that should be identified promptly. We present the case of an elderly, obese, Caucasian female patient suffering of autoimmune thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis, who developed arterial hypertension and insulin-treated secondary diabetes mellitus (due to long-term oral corticotherapy) with microvascular end-organ changes. Retinal imaging for capillary anomalies identified mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy with apparent diabetic macular edema and hypertensive retinopathy. Laboratory investigations looking for further vascular risk factors revealed zinc deficiency, elevated serum homocysteine levels, and constantly high C-reactive protein concentration. Attention should be payed to the proper investigation of patients with autoimmune diseases, targeting the early diagnosis of microvasculopathies due to autoimmune diseases or possible medication side effects, in order to prevent end-organ damage.
Leukemia with Plasma Cells — Case Report
Authors: Benedek István , Benedek István , Köpeczi Judit Beáta , Kéri Johanna Sándor , Pakucs Annamária , Jakab Szende , Lázár Erzsébet 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is one of the most aggressive monoclonal gammopathies, being characterized by the presence of more than 20% of plasma cells in the peripheral blood and an absolute number of these cells of more than 2×109, with different morphology, from young elements to mature cells. The incidence of PCL varies between 2–4% among multiple myeloma (MM) patients. In comparison with MM, PCL appears more often in younger patients. The following article describes the case of a 49-year-old female patient diagnosed with PCL which needed urgent control of the clinical manifestations due to its irreversible complications. Urgent autologous stem cell transplantation is recommended in this group of patients.
Tree Physiology Optimization in Benchmark Function and Traveling Salesman Problem
Authors: Halim A. Hanif , Ismail I. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Nature has the ability of sustainability and improvisation for better survival. This unique characteristic reflects a pattern of optimization that inspires the computational intelligence toward different scopes of optimization: a nondeterministic optimization approach or a nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm. To date, there are many metaheuristic algorithms introduced with good promising results and also becoming a powerful method for solving numerous optimization problems. In this paper, a new metaheuristic algorithm inspired from a plant growth system is proposed, which is defined as tree physiology optimization (TPO). A plant growth consists of two main counterparts: plant shoots and roots. Shoots extend to find better sunlight for the photosynthesis process that converts light and water supplied from the roots into energy for plant growth; at the same time, roots elongate in the opposite way in search for water and nutrients for shoot survival. The collaboration from both systems ensures plant sustainability. This idea is transformed into an optimization algorithm: shoots with defined branches find the potential solution with the help of roots variable. The shoots-branches extension enhances the search diversity and the root system amplifying the search via evaluated fitness. To demonstrate its effectiveness, two different classes of problem are evaluated: (1) a continuous benchmark test function compared to particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA) and (2) an NP-hard problem with the traveling salesman problem (TSP) compared to GA and nearest-neighbor (NN) algorithm. The simulation results show that TPO outperforms PSO and GA in all problem characteristics (flat surface and steep-drop with a combination of many local minima and plateau). In the TSP, TPO has a comparable result to GA.
Chemerin, Resistin, and Adiponectin in Patients with Connective Tissue Diseases
Authors: Grygiel-Górniak Bogna , Grzelak Teresa , Czyźewska Krystyna , Puszczewicz Mariusz 
Published: November 2017

SummaryBackground:The exact role of cytokines in inflammation and metabolic disorders in case of connective tissue diseases (CTDs) is under discussion.Methods:In this study, we intended to find the relationship between the selected cytokines in inflammatory and metabolic disorders in patients with CTDs (n=55) and compared the results with those of control group subjects (n=25) matched by age and body mass. We estimated their nutritional status by the bioimpedance method. The levels of basic biochemical parameters and the levels of adiponectin, resistin, and chemerin were also estimated. Multiple regressions and area under the curve in receiver operating characteristic (AUC–ROC) curve were used to find the associations of aforementioned parameters.Results:Patients with CTDs exhibited higher levels of chemerin than that of control group subjects. We found an inverse relationship between chemerin, RBC count, and hemoglobin levels. The concentration of adiponectin inversely correlated with the levels of platelets and concentrations of glucose and triglycerides as well as the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, whereas the concentration of resistin was positively correlated with WBC count, C-reactive protein (CRP), and the amount of used oral glucocorticosteroids. The mean ± standard deviation for the AUC–ROC curve in case of chemerin was the highest (AUC–ROC=0.714,p=0.0005) than that of both resistin and adiponectin.Conclusions:Chemerin and resistin levels are related to the inflammatory state in patients with CTDs, whereas adiponectin levels seem to be correlated with a protective effect. Chemerin can be considered as a marker differentiating a proinflammatory state present in CTDs.