bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A phase I study to assess the mass balance, excretion, and pharmacokinetics of [14C]-ixazomib, an oral proteasome inhibitor, in patients with advanced solid tumors
Authors: Gupta Neeraj , Zhang Steven , Pusalkar Sandeepraj , Plesescu Mihaela , Chowdhury Swapan , Hanley Michael J. , Wang Bingxia , Xia Cindy , Zhang Xiaoquan , Venkatakrishnan Karthik , Shepard Dale R. 
Published: September 2017

Summary
This two-part, phase I study evaluated the mass balance, excretion, pharmacokinetics (PK), and safety of ixazomib in patients with advanced solid tumors. In Part A of the study, patients received a single 4.1 mg oral solution dose of [14C]-ixazomib containing ~500 nCi total radioactivity (TRA), followed by non-radiolabeled ixazomib (4 mg capsule) on days 14 and 21 of the 35-day PK cycle. Patients were confined to the clinic for the first 168 h post dose and returned for 24 h overnight clinic visits on days 14, 21, 28, and 35. Blood, urine, and fecal samples were collected during Part A to assess the mass balance (by accelerator mass spectrometry), excretion, and PK of ixazomib. During Part B of the study, patients received non-radiolabeled ixazomib (4 mg capsules) on days 1, 8, and 15 of 28-day cycles. After oral administration, ixazomib was rapidly absorbed with a median plasma Tmax of 0.5 h and represented 70% of total drug-related material in plasma. The mean total recovery of administered TRA was 83.9%; 62.1% in urine and 21.8% in feces. Only 3.23% of the administered dose was recovered in urine as unchanged drug up to 168 h post dose, suggesting that most of the TRA in urine was attributable to metabolites. All patients experienced a treatment-emergent adverse event, which most commonly involved the gastrointestinal system. These findings suggest that ixazomib is extensively metabolized, with urine representing the predominant route of excretion of drug-related material.
Trial ID: ClinicalTrials.gov # NCT01953783.
Aerial images can detect 3D small patch reefs that are potential habitats for anemonefish Amphiprion frenatus
Authors: Hattori Akihisa 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPatchy habitats often enhance species coexistence and, consequently, abundance of each species. The present study examined two indicators of potential habitats for anemonefish Amphiprion frenatus: total area of dark‐colored patch reefs that are detectable on an aerial image with image analysis software, and total area of tall patch reefs (>1.5 m in height) that are detectable on stereoscopic aerial images with a stereoscope. Relationships between patch reef area and anemonefish abundance, as estimated by number of host anemone Entacmaea quadricolor, were investigated at Shiraho Reef, Ishigaki Island, Japan. Total number of anemones was not correlated with total area of tall patch reefs but was highly correlated with total area of dark‐colored patch reefs. Underwater observations confirmed that upper surface of tall patch reefs often involved bare substratum, whereas dark‐colored patch reefs did not include this substratum. Because reef area approximately reflected reef volume within shallow back reefs, total area of dark‐colored patch reefs that are detectable by aerial photography will reflect total volume of reef fish habitat. The present study suggests that aerial photography with a drone can provide a useful predictor of reef fish abundance.
Children of Migrants: The Cumulative Impact of Parental Migration on Children’s Education and Health Outcomes in China
Authors: Meng Xin , Yamauchi Chikako 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Since the end of 1990s, approximately 160 million Chinese rural workers migrated to cities for work. Because of restrictions on migrant access to local health and education systems, many rural children are left behind in home villages to grow up without parental care. This article examines how exposure to cumulative parental migration affects children’s health and education outcomes. Using the Rural-Urban Migration Survey in China (RUMiC) data, we measure the share of children’s lifetime during which parents were away from home. We instrument this measure of parental absence with weather changes in their home villages when parents were aged 16–25, when they were most likely to initiate migration. Results show a sizable adverse effect of exposure to parental migration on the health and education outcomes of children: in particular, boys. We also find that the use of the contemporaneous measure for parental migration in previous studies is likely to underestimate the effect of exposure to parental migration on children’s outcomes.
Study of healthcare-associated infections in surgical unit in a newly established tertiary care hospital of Nanded, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Chavan Aashish R. , Kelkar Vidyasagar 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Background
Health care Associated Infections (HAI) has been responsible for the increasing cost, morbidity and mortality related to surgical Patients.

Aim & objective(s)
To Study bacteriological profile and its drug Sensitivity in a newly established hospital (after 1.5years) and to establish a data for future reference.

Materials & methods
Record based descriptive Study design conducted at Dr Shankarrao Chavan Government Medical College, Nanded, Maharshtra, India in month of July 2017. Total 2840 patients included in study admitted from October 2015 to March 2017 in surgical ward, Burn ward and Intensive care unit.

Results
The prevalence of HAI is 6.01%.The most frequent HAI were wound infections n = 44 (44.44%), urinary tract infections (UTI) n = 31 (31.31%), respiratory tract infections (RTI) 9%. Bacterial load was more in burn ward n = 51 (51.51%), SICU n = 36 (36.36%), General wards n = 15 (15.15%). The most common organism isolated was Pseudomonas sp n = 41 (41.41%) followed by E. coli n = 20 (20.20%), Klebsiella sp n = 11 (11.11%), Coagulase negative staphylococcus n = 8 (8%). Most species were resistant to Ciplofloxin, Gentamycin, Cefotaxim & cefazolin. Drugs Sensitivity of Enterobacteriaceae Sp is most commonly to Amikacin 28 (87.5),Cefoperazone + Sulbactum 11 (55),Piperacillin + Tazobactum 11 (65) Psudomonas spps more sensitive to Imipenam/Meropenam 38 (92%) becoming multidrug resistant to Piperacillin + Tazobactum, Cefoperazone + Sulbactum, Cefazolin.

Conclusion
The study underlined the role of Gram-negative bacteria in HAI. It also demonstrates the widespread problem of antibiotic resistance among nosocomial infections. Continued surveillance is necessary to guide appropriate empirical therapy for these infections.

Highlights
Preschoolers’ vocabulary acquisition in Chile: the roles of socioeconomic status and quality of home environment
Authors: LOHNDORF Regina T. , VERMEER Harriet. J. , CÁRCAMO Rodrigo A. , MESMAN Judi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPreschoolers’ vocabulary acquisition sets the stage for later reading ability and school achievement. This study examined the role of socioeconomic status (SES) and the quality of the home environment of seventy-seven Chilean majority and Mapuche minority families from low and lower-middle-class backgrounds in explaining individual differences in vocabulary acquisition of their three-and-a-half-year-old children. Additionally, we investigated whether the relation between SES and receptive and expressive vocabulary was mediated by the quality of the home environment as the Family Investment Model suggests. The quality of the home environment significantly predicted receptive and expressive vocabulary above and beyond ethnicity, SES, parental caregiver status, and quantity of daycare. Furthermore, the quality of the home environment mediated the relation between SES and expressive and receptive vocabulary acquisition.
The Xinjiang Class: Multi-ethnic Encounters in an Eastern Coastal City
Authors: Yuan Zhenjie , Qian Junxi , Zhu Hong 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe Xinjiang Class (Xinjiang neidi ban, orXinjiangban) has far-reaching implications for Beijing's governance of ethnic minorities in Xinjiang. Existing literature has focused primarily on the Uyghur–Han dichotomy, with limited attention being paid to the actual multi-ethnic interactions that constitute the situated dynamics of policy implementation. Utilizing the notions of the space of prescription and the space of negotiation to develop an analytical framework, this paper argues that social relations in theXinjiangbanare ongoing constructions borne by everyday experiences of domination and negotiation, and that space is constitutive of this situated dynamic. Based on nearly four years of research at aXinjiangban, we make a case for the fluidity and incoherence of the implementation of theXinjiangbanpolicy. Those who implement it at the school level produce a space of prescription that deploys specific spatial–temporal arrangements to manage expressions of ethnic identity. Driven by the need to achieve upward mobility, minority students are open-minded about the Han- and patriotism-centred education. However, they use innovative and improvised tactics to create spaces of negotiation to re-assert their ethnicities. In theXinjiangban, minority students do comply with spaces of prescription, but they simultaneously keep their ethnic and religious practices alive.
The experience of informal caregivers of patients with motor neurone disease: A thematic synthesis
Authors: Holkham Lucy , Soundy Andy 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTObjective:Research is required in order to illustrate and detail the experiences of informal caregivers of patients with motor neurone disease (pwMND) to further advance the research base and to inform the development of future support structures and services. Due to the heterogeneous nature of caregiving for pwMND, one way in which this can be achieved is through a qualitative review. A qualitative thematic analysis of existing qualitative studies has not, to the best of the authors' knowledge, been previously undertaken. Thus, the present synthesis aims to identify caregivers' experiences and to suggest factors that contribute to these experiences in order to fulfill the required research needs.Method:A thematic synthesis of qualitative literature was conducted. AMED, Medline, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, and PubMed were electronically searched from inception until September of 2015. Studies were eligible if they included qualitative literature reporting on firsthand experience of informal caregivers of patients with MND, were published in English, and contained verbatim quotations. Critical appraisal was undertaken using a 13-item consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative studies (COREQ) checklist.Results:A total of 10 studies met the inclusion criteria, with 148 (50 male) current or previous informal caregivers of pwMND identified. Critical appraisal demonstrated that study design and reflexivity were underreported. The synthesis derived three themes: (1) loss of control, (2) inability to choose, and (3) isolation.Significance of results:The synthesis highlighted the factors that contribute to both positive and negative caregiving experiences. Through these experiences, such suggestions for service provision as improving communication with healthcare professionals and having a single point of contact emerged. However, the outcome of such suggestions on the experience of caregivers is beyond the scope of our synthesis, so that further research is required.
Pink1 interacts with α-synuclein and abrogates α-synuclein-induced neurotoxicity by activating autophagy
Authors: Liu Jia , Wang Xue , Lu Yongquan , Duan Chunli , Gao Ge , Lu Lingling , Yang Hui 
Published: September 2017

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. α-synuclein (α-syn) and PTEN-induced putative kinase (PINK)1 are two critical proteins associated with the pathogenesis of PD. α-syn induces mitochondrial deficits and apoptosis, PINK1 was found to alleviate α-syn-induced toxicity, but the mechanistic details remain obscure. Here, we show that PINK1 interacts with α-syn mainly in the cytoplasm, where it initiates autophagy. This interaction was dependent on the kinase activity of PINK1 and was abolished by deletion of the kinase domain or a G309D point mutation, an inactivating mutation in the kinase domain. Interaction between PINK1 and α-syn stimulated the removal of excess α-syn, which prevented mitochondrial deficits and apoptosis. Our findings provide evidence for a novel mechanism underlying the protective effects of PINK1 against α-syn-induced neurodegeneration and highlight a novel therapeutic target for PD treatment.
Plasma membrane-derived extracellular microvesicles mediate non-canonical intercellular NOTCH signaling
Authors: Wang Qiyu , Lu Quan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractARMMs (arrestin domain-containing protein 1 (ARRDC1)-mediated microvesicles) are extracellular vesicles that bud directly at the plasma membrane; however, little is known about the molecular composition and physiological function of these vesicles. Here we report that ARMMs contain active NOTCH receptors and mediate a non-canonical intercellular NOTCH signaling. We identify over 100 proteins that are significantly enriched in ARMMs, including ARRDC1, TSG101 and multiple ESCRT complex proteins. About a third of ARMMs-enriched proteins are plasma membrane proteins, including the NOTCH2 receptor. The incorporation of NOTCH2 into ARMMs is facilitated by the ITCH E3 ligase and the metalloprotease ADAM10, both of which are also secreted into ARMMs. NOTCH2 in ARMMs can be delivered into recipient cells, and upon activation by γ-secretase cleavage, induces NOTCH-specific gene expression. Together, our findings reveal a role for ARMMs in a novel NOTCH signaling pathway that acts in distance and is independent of direct cell–cell contact.
Early detection of pulmonary exacerbations in children with Cystic Fibrosis by electronic home monitoring of symptoms and lung function
Authors: van Horck Marieke , Winkens Bjorn , Wesseling Geertjan , van Vliet Dillys , van de Kant Kim , Vaassen Sanne , de Winter-de Groot Karin , de Vreede Ilja , Jöbsis Quirijn , Dompeling Edward 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPulmonary exacerbations (PEx) in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) are associated with an increased morbidity and even mortality. We investigated whether early detection of PEx in children with CF is possible by electronic home monitoring of symptoms and lung function. During this one-year prospective multi-centre study, 49 children with CF were asked to use a home monitor three times a week. Measurements consisted of a respiratory symptom questionnaire and assessment of Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1). Linear mixed-effects and multiple logistic regression analyses were used. In the 2 weeks before a PEx, the Respiratory Symptom Score (RSS) of the home monitor increased (p = 0.051). The FEV1 as percentage of predicted (FEV1%pred) did not deteriorate in the 4 weeks before a PEx. Nevertheless, the FEV1%pred at the start of exacerbation was significantly lower than the FEV1%pred in the non-exacerbation group (mean difference 16.3%, p = 0.012). The combination of FEV1%pred and RSS had a sensitivity to predict an exacerbation of 92.9% (CI 75.0–98.8%) and a specificity of 88.9% (CI 50.7–99.4%). The combination of home monitor FEV1%pred and RSS can be helpful to predict a PEx in children with CF at an early stage.
Critical Role of ADAMTS-4 in the Development of Sporadic Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection in Mice
Authors: Ren Pingping , Hughes Michael , Krishnamoorthy Swapna , Zou Sili , Zhang Lin , Wu Darrell , Zhang Chen , Curci John A. , Coselli Joseph S. , Milewicz Dianna M. , LeMaire Scott A. , Shen Ying H. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSporadic aortic aneurysm and dissections (AADs) are common vascular diseases that carry a high mortality rate. ADAMTS-4 (a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-4) is a secreted proteinase involved in inflammation and matrix degradation. We previously showed ADAMTS-4 levels were increased in human sporadic descending thoracic AAD (TAAD) samples. Here, we provide evidence that ADAMTS-4 contributes to aortic destruction and sporadic AAD development. In a mouse model of sporadic AAD induced by a high-fat diet and angiotensin II infusion, ADAMTS-4 deficiency (Adamts-4−/−) significantly reduced challenge-induced aortic diameter enlargement, aneurysm formation, dissection and aortic rupture. Aortas in Adamts-4−/− mice showed reduced elastic fibre destruction, versican degradation, macrophage infiltration, and apoptosis. Interestingly, ADAMTS-4 was directly involved in smooth muscle cell (SMC) apoptosis. Under stress, ADAMTS-4 translocated to the nucleus in SMCs, especially in apoptotic SMCs. ADAMTS-4 directly cleaved and degraded poly ADP ribose polymerase-1 (a key molecule in DNA repair and cell survival), leading to SMC apoptosis. Finally, we showed significant ADAMTS-4 expression in aortic tissues from patients with sporadic ascending TAAD, particularly in SMCs. Our findings indicate that ADAMTS-4 induces SMC apoptosis, degrades versican, promotes inflammatory cell infiltration, and thus contributes to sporadic AAD development.
The mechanism (Phe362Tyr mutation) behind resistance in Lepeophtheirus salmonis pre-dates organophosphate use in salmon farming
Authors: Kaur Kiranpreet , Besnier Francois , Glover Kevin A. , Nilsen Frank , Aspehaug Vidar Teis , Fjørtoft Helene Børretzen , Horsberg Tor Einar 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe salmon louse is an ectoparasitic copepod of salmonids in the marine environment, and represents a global challenge to salmon aquaculture. A major issue is the reliance of the industry on a limited number of chemicals to delouse salmonids on farms, and the high levels of resistance that lice have developed to all of these agents. However, for most of these chemicals, resistance and dispersal mechanisms are unknown. We recently demonstrated that the Phe362Tyr mutation is the primary cause of organophosphate resistance in lice collected on Norwegian farms. In the present study, we genotyped >2000 lice collected throughout the entire North Atlantic in the period 1998–2016, using Phe362Tyr and nine tightly linked SNPs. Our results showed that the Phe362Tyr mutation is strongly linked to lice survival following chemical treatment on farms located throughout the North Atlantic, demonstrating for the first time, that this mutation represents the primary mechanism for organophosphate resistance in salmon lice across the North Atlantic. Additionally, we observed multiple and diverse high frequency haplotypes linked with the allele conveying resistance to organophosphate. We, therefore, conclude that Phe362Tyr is not a de novo mutation, but probably existed in salmon lice before the introduction of organophosphates in commercial aquaculture.
Cell Penetrating Peptide Derived from Human Eosinophil Cationic Protein Decreases Airway Allergic Inflammation
Authors: Fu Lin-shien , Wu Yu-Rou , Fang Shun-lung , Tsai Jaw-ji , Lin Heng-kuei , Chen Yee-jun , Chen Ting-Yu , Chang Margaret Dah-Tsyr 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCell penetrating peptide derived from human eosinophil cationic protein (CPPecp) is a 10-amino-acid peptide containing a core heparan sulfate (HS)-binding motif of human eosinophil cationic protein (ECP). It binds and penetrates bronchial epithelial cells without cytotoxic effects. Here we investigated airway-protective effects of CPPecp in BEAS-2B cell line and mite-induced airway allergic inflammation in BALB/c mice. In BEAS-2B cell, CPPecp decreases ECP-induced eotaxin mRNA expression. CPPecp also decreases eotaxin secretion and p-STAT6 activation induced by ECP, as well as by IL-4.In vivostudies showed CPPecp decreased mite-induced airway inflammation in terms of eosinophil and neutrophil count in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid, peri-bronchiolar and alveolar pathology scores, cytokine production in lung protein extract including interleukin (IL)-5, IL-13, IL-17A/F, eotaxin; and pause enhancement from methacholine stimulation. CPPecp treated groups also showed lower serum mite-specific IgE level. In this study, we have demonstrated thein vitroandin vivoanti-asthma effects of CPPecp.
Peatland Ecosystem Processes in the Maritime Antarctic During Warm Climates
Authors: Loisel Julie , Yu Zicheng , Beilman David W. , Kaiser Karl , Parnikoza Ivan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe discovered a 50-cm-thick peat deposit near Cape Rasmussen (65.2°S), in the maritime Antarctic. To our knowledge, while aerobic ‘moss banks’ have often been examined, waterlogged ‘peatlands’ have never been described in this region before. The waterlogged system is approximately 100 m2, with a shallow water table. Surface vegetation is dominated by Warnstorfia fontinaliopsis, a wet-adapted moss commonly found in the Antarctic Peninsula. Peat inception was dated at 2750 cal. BP and was followed by relatively rapid peat accumulation (~0.1 cm/year) until 2150 cal. BP. Our multi-proxy analysis then shows a 2000-year-long stratigraphic hiatus as well as the recent resurgence of peat accumulation, sometime after 1950 AD. The existence of a thriving peatland at 2700–2150 cal. BP implies regionally warm summer conditions extending beyond the mid-Holocene; this finding is corroborated by many regional records showing moss bank initiation and decreased sea ice extent during this time period. Recent peatland recovery at the study site (<50 years ago) might have been triggered by ongoing rapid warming, as the area is experiencing climatic conditions approaching those found on milder, peatland-rich sub-Antarctic islands (50–60°S). Assuming that colonization opportunities and stabilization mechanisms would allow peat to persist in Antarctica, our results suggest that longer and warmer growing seasons in the maritime Antarctic region may promote a more peatland-rich landscape in the future.
Postpartum Retained Products of Conception: A Novel Approach to Follow-Up and Early Diagnosis
Authors: Smorgick Noam , Krakov Ayala , Maymon Ron , Betser Moshe , Tovbin Josef , Pansky Moty 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Purpose To investigate whether ultrasound follow-up for the detection of postpartum retained products of conception (RPOC) in women considered at risk for this condition may allow for early diagnosis.
Methods Parturients at risk for RPOC underwent an ultrasound exam on the second postpartum day. Based on the ultrasound findings, women were either: (1) discharged to routine postpartum care in cases of normal scans, (2) invited for follow-up in cases of abnormal scans. We retrospectively analyzed the rates of women requiring uterine evacuation due to persistent abnormal scans.
Results 761 parturients (out of 17 010 deliveries, 4.5 %) were included. Of those, 490 (64.4 %) women had a normal initial scan, but two of them were later readmitted for uterine evacuation. The remaining 271 (35.6 %) women were found to have an abnormal scan: (a) thickened endometrium > 10 mm with hypo- and hyper-echoes and negative Doppler flow considered low suspicion for RPOC was described in 260 cases, of whom 23 (8.8 %) underwent uterine evacuation with placental remnants confirmed in 12/23 (52.2 %), and (b) an echogenic mass with positive Doppler flow considered high suspicion for RPOC was described in 11 cases, all of whom underwent uterine evacuation, with placental remnants confirmed in 9/11 (81.8 %). The number of scans required to detect RPOC in one patient was 33.
Conclusion Postpartum ultrasound evaluation may allow for early diagnosis of RPOC in women considered at risk for this condition.