bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Addition of Grignard Reagents to Alkenyl‐Substituted Aromatic N‐Heterocycles.
Authors: Jumde Ravindra P. , Lanza Francesco , Veenstra Marieke J. , Harutyunyan Syuzanna R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA highly enantioselective and chemoselective catalytic transformation of a wide range of β‐substituted conjugated alkenyl‐N‐heteroaromatics to their corresponding chiral alkylated products is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Heterocycles Derived from 4‐Arylmethylene‐2‐phenyl‐1,3‐oxazole‐5(4H)‐ones.
Authors: Youssef Ahmed S. A. , Kandeel Kamal A. , Abou‐Elmagd Wael S. I. , Haneen David S. A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPyrazolone, triazinone, and Schiff bases are prepared in multistep reactions via hydrazinolysis of the title oxazolones.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Double C—H Functionalization of 2‐Aryl‐1,3‐dicarbonyl Compounds: A Facile Access to Alkenylated Benzopyrans.
Authors: Choppakatla Subrahmanyam , Dachepally Aravind Kumar , Bollikolla Hari Babu 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe title benzopyrans are prepared by a palladium‐catalyzed oxidative annulation/nucleophilic substitution sequence from various dicarbonyl compounds and allylic acetate.
ChemInform Abstract: Decarboxylative Cross‐Electrophile Coupling of N‐Hydroxyphthalimide Esters with Aryl Iodides.
Authors: Huihui Kierra M. M. , Caputo Jill A. , Melchor Zulema , Olivares Astrid M. , Spiewak Amanda M. , Johnson Keywan A. , DiBenedetto Tarah A. , Kim Seoyoung , Ackerman Laura K. G. , Weix Daniel J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA new method for the decarboxylative coupling of alkyl N‐hydroxyphthalimide esters with aryl iodides is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh(I)‐Catalyzed Reaction of Trifluoromethylketone N‐Tosylhydrazones and Arylboronates.
Authors: Zhang Zhikun , Yu Weizhi , Zhou Qi , Li Tianjiao , Zhang Yan , Wang Jianbo 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA new method to synthesize 1,1‐difluoro‐2,2‐diaryl olefins is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible Light Induced Azidation of Aldehydic C—H with Carbon Tetrabromide and Sodium Azide.
Authors: Yadav Vinod K. , Srivastava Vishnu P. , Yadav Lal Dhar S. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe protocol utilizes visible light as an inexpensive and sustainable energy source and is also applicable to a convenient one‐pot synthesis of carbamoyl azides starting directly from aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Mutual Cooperation in the Formal Allyl Alcohol Nucleophilic Substitution and Hydration of Alkynes for the Construction of γ‐Substituted Ketones.
Authors: Huang Kaimeng , Wang Hongkai , Liu Lingyan , Chang Weixing , Li Jing 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe mild one‐pot reaction between aryl substituted 3‐hydroxy‐1‐en‐5‐ynes and a broad range of O, C or N‐nucleophiles delivers ketones in generally high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Carboxylation of Phenols with CO2 at Atmospheric Pressure.
Authors: Luo Junfei , Preciado Sara , Xie Pan , Larrosa Igor 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis convenient and efficient method for the ortho‐carboxylation of phenols under atmospheric CO2 pressure provides an alternative to the Kolbe—Schmitt method, which requires very high pressures of CO2.
ChemInform Abstract: Water — The Best Solvent for DMAP‐Mediated Dual Cyclization Towards Metal‐Free First Synthesis of Fully Substituted Phthalimides.
Authors: Samai Subhasis , Ghosh Debasish , Das Uttam K. , Atta Sanghamitra , Manna Saikat K. , Maiti Dilip K. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDMAP in water is applied for an intermolecular assembly of acetyl/benzoyl acetanilides (I) and alkynes (II) via a new [2‐+ 2 + 2] and [3 + 2] cascade dual annulation.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Metal‐Free Aerobic Photooxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides Mediated by a Vitamin B2 Derivative and Visible Light.
Authors: Nevesel� Tomas , Svobodova Eva , Chudoba Josef , Sikorski Marek , Cibulka Radek 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe method is chemoselective, producing sulfoxide without overoxidation to sulfones.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluoride‐Free Hiyama Coupling Reaction Catalyzed by Linear Polystyrene‐Stabilized PdO Nanoparticles in Water: Specific Reactivity of PdO Nanoparticles over Pd Nanoparticles.
Authors: Ohtaka Atsushi , Kotera Takamasa , Sakon Akira , Ueda Kouhei , Hamasaka Go , Uozumi Yasuhiro , Shinagawa Tsutomu , Shimomura Osamu , Nomura Ryoki 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe catalytic system exhibits high activity in coupling reactions of aryltrimethoxysilanes with a range of bromoarenes affording the corresponding biphenyls.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Sequential Cyclization of 1‐En‐3,9‐Diyne Esters to Partially Hydrogenated 3H‐Dicyclopenta[a,b]naphthalenes.
Authors: Rao Weidong , Boyle Joshua William , Chan Philip Wai Hong 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe mild one‐step cycloisomerization strategy delivers complex molecular architectures in high yields which are inaccessible following conventional methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Stepwise Iododesilylation and Coupling Reaction: A Flexible Route to 2,4‐Disubstituted‐1H‐pyrroles.
Authors: Liu Jianhui , Fu Nanyan , Wei Changyun , Song Zhucao 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA new strategy for the synthesis of 2,4‐disubstituted pyrroles using a stepwise iododesilylation and coupling reaction is established.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Visible‐Light‐Induced Radical‐Addition Reactions to 3‐Alkylidene Indolin‐2‐ones.
Authors: Lenhart Dominik , Bauer Andreas , Poethig Alexander , Bach Thorsten 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA high‐yielding reaction of 3‐alkylidene‐substituted indolin‐2‐ones with various N‐(trimethylsilyl)methyl amines is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Pyrrolo[3,2‐c]carbazole and Dipyrrolo[3,2‐c:2′,3′‐g]carbazole Derivatives.
Authors: Sengul Ibrahim Fazil , Astarci Erhan , Kandemir Hakan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractStarting from 9‐ethylcarbazole as common precursor, the syntheses of pyrrole (VI) and bispyrrole (X) derivatives are developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Formic Acid as a Sustainable and Complementary Reductant: An Approach to Fused Benzimidazoles by Molecular Iodine‐Catalyzed Reductive Redox Cyclization of o‐Nitro‐t‐anilines.
Authors: Nguyen T. B. , Ermolenko L. , Al‐Mourabit A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMolecular iodine proves to be an excellent catalyst for the reductive redox cyclization of (o‐dialkylamino)nitrobenzenes and related educts furnishing benzimidazole derivatives in good yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis and Configurational Assignment of Novel Functionalized Cyclic Sulfamidites Precursors of Cyclic Sulfamidates.
Authors: Slama Soumaya , Arfaoui Youssef , Besbes Rafaa 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe new exo‐3,4,5‐trisubstituted sulfamidites (II) are formed through a diastereoselective cyclization of the corresponding erythro‐1,2‐aminoalcohol diesters.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐Trifluoromethanesulfonate Substituted 3,6‐Dihydropyrans and Their Application in Various C—C Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Saikia Anil K. , Ghosh Priya , Kautarya Ashutosh K. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe title dihydropyrans are regioselectively prepared by a Prins cyclization and applied in subsequent coupling reactions such as Suzuki, Heck, Stille, and Sonogashira reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antioxidant Properties of Novel 2H‐Chromene‐3‐carboxylate and 3‐Acetyl‐2H‐chromene Derivatives.
Authors: Sivaguru Paramasivam , Sandhiya Raman , Adhiyaman Mani , Lalitha Appaswami 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe title chromenes are efficiently prepared by Knoevenagel condensation of active methylene compounds with aromatic azosalicylaldehydes using piperidine as catalyst followed by nucleophilic addition of the phenolic hydroxyl group to the carbonyl group of one of the ester groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Cycloaddition of in situ‐Generated ortho‐Quinone Methides and Azlactones by a Triple Broensted Acid Activation Strategy.
Authors: Yu Xiao‐Ye , Chen Jia‐Rong , Wei Qiang , Cheng Hong‐Gang , Liu Zhi‐Cheng , Xiao Wen‐Jing 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA stereoselective [4+2] cycloaddition of in situ‐generated ortho‐quinone methides and azlactone enols is developed based on a triple Broensted acid catalysis strategy.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)‐Catalyzed [3 + 3] Cycloaddition of Propargyl Acetals and Nitrones.
Authors: Evjen Sigvart , Fiksdahl Anne 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA formal [3+3] cycloaddition reaction of propargylic acetals with nitrones provides 3,6‐dihydro‐2H‐1,2‐oxazines with cis‐stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Site‐Selective and Stereoselective C(sp3)—H Borylation of Alkyl Side Chains of 1,3‐Azoles with a Silica‐Supported Monophosphine‐Iridium Catalyst.
Authors: Murakami Ryo , Iwai Tomohiro , Sawamura Masaya 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe borylation affords primary and secondary alkylboronates under relatively mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: DFT Studies on Structure and Spectroscopic Properties of α,β‐Unsaturated Ester Dipolarophiles; Application in Prediction of Their Reactivities with C‐Phenyl‐N‐methyl Nitrone
Authors: Ghosh Anindita , Banerji Avijit , Banerji Julie 
Published: September 2016

AbstractReview: [34 refs.
Synthesis of Iron Oxide Palladium Nanoparticles and Their Catalytic Applications for Direct Coupling of Acyl Chlorides with Alkynes
Authors: Sharma Rakesh K. , Yadav Manavi , Gaur Rashmi , Gupta Radhika , Adholeya Alok , Gawande Manoj B. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA new, magnetic, silica‐based, palladium nanocatalyst has been synthesized and employed for the first time in the direct coupling of acyl chlorides with terminal alkynes to prepare a variety of ynones. The synthesized nanocomposite is an excellent heterogeneous catalyst for copper‐free, phosphine‐free, C−C bond formation through the Sonogashira reaction under aerobic conditions at room temperature without the use of any additives and inert conditions. The synthesized catalyst has been comprehensively characterized by various techniques, such as XRD, SEM, TEM, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma, FTIR spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, and atomic absorption spectroscopy. This nanocatalyst can be magnetically recovered and reused in multiple runs without any noticeable loss in catalytic activity.
Frequency‐dependent two‐sex models: a new approach to sex ratio evolution with multiple maternal conditions
Authors: Shyu Esther , Caswell Hal 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMothers that experience different individual or environmental conditions may produce different proportions of male to female offspring. The Trivers‐Willard hypothesis, for instance, suggests that mothers with different qualities (size, health, etc.) will use different sex ratios if maternal quality differentially affects sex‐specific reproductive success. Condition‐dependent, or facultative, sex ratio strategies like these allow multiple sex ratios to coexist within a population. They also create complex population structure due to the presence of multiple maternal conditions. As a result, modeling facultative sex ratio evolution requires not only sex ratio strategies with multiple components, but also two‐sex population models with explicit stage structure. To this end, we combine nonlinear, frequency‐dependent matrix models and multidimensional adaptive dynamics to create a new framework for studying sex ratio evolution. We illustrate the applications of this framework with two case studies where the sex ratios depend one of two possible maternal conditions (age or quality). In these cases, we identify evolutionarily singular sex ratio strategies, find instances where one maternal condition produces exclusively male or female offspring, and show that sex ratio biases depend on the relative reproductive value ratios for each sex.
Prospects of herbivore egg‐killing plant defenses for sustainable crop protection
Authors: Fatouros Nina E. , Cusumano Antonino , Danchin Etienne G.J. , Colazza Stefano 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDue to a growing demand of food production worldwide, new strategies are suggested to allow for sustainable production of food with minimal effects on natural resources. A promising alternative to the application of chemical pesticides is the implementation of crops resistant to insect pests. Plants produce compounds that are harmful to a wide range of attackers, including insect pests; thus, exploitation of their natural defense system can be the key for the development of pest‐resistant crops. Interestingly, some plants possess a unique first line of defense that eliminates the enemy before it becomes destructive: egg‐killing. Insect eggs can trigger (1) direct defenses, mostly including plant cell tissue growth or cell death that lead to eggs desiccating, being crushed or falling off the plant or (2) indirect defenses, plant chemical cues recruiting natural enemies that kill the egg or hatching larvae (parasitoids). The consequences of plant responses to eggs are that insect larvae do not hatch or that they are impeded in development, and damage to the plant is reduced. Here, we provide an overview on the ubiquity and evolutionary history of egg‐killing traits within the plant kingdom including crops. Up to now, little is known on the mechanisms and on the genetic basis of egg‐killing traits. Making use of egg‐killing defense traits in crops is a promising new way to sustainably reduce losses of crop yield. We provide suggestions for new breeding strategies to grow egg‐killing crops and improve biological control.
Adding energy gradients and long‐distance dispersal to a neutral model improves predictions of Madagascan bird diversity
Authors: Buschke Falko T. , Brendonck Luc , Vanschoenwinkel Bram 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMacroecological patterns are likely the result of both stochastically neutral mechanisms and deterministic differences between species. In Madagascar, the simplest stochastically neutral hypothesis – the mid‐domain effects (MDE) hypothesis – has already been rejected. However, rejecting the MDE hypothesis does not necessarily refute the existence of all other neutral mechanisms. Here, we test whether adding complexity to a basic neutral model improves predictions of biodiversity patterns. The simplest MDE model assumes that: (1) species' ranges are continuous and unfragmented, (2) are randomly located throughout the landscape, and (3) can be stacked independently and indefinitely. We designed a simulation based on neutral theory that allowed us to weaken each of these assumptions incrementally by adjusting the habitat capacity as well as the likelihood of short‐ and long‐distance dispersal. Simulated outputs were compared to four empirical patterns of bird diversity: the frequency distributions of species richness and range size, the within‐island latitudinal diversity gradient, and the distance‐decay of species compositional similarity. Neutral models emulated empirical diversity patterns for Madagascan birds accurately. The frequency distribution of range size, latitudinal diversity gradient, and the distance‐decay of species compositional similarity could be attributed to stochastic long‐distance migration events and zero‐sum population dynamics. However, heterogenous environmental gradients improved predictions of the frequency distribution of species richness. Patterns of bird diversity in Madagascar can broadly be attributed to stochastic long‐distance migration events and zero‐sum population dynamics. This implies that rejecting simple hypotheses, such as MDE, does not serve as evidence against stochastic processes in general. However, environmental gradients were necessary to explain patterns of species richness and deterministic differences between species are probably important for explaining the distributions of narrow‐range and endemic species.
Emlen funnel experiments revisited: methods update for studying compass orientation in songbirds
Authors: Bianco Giuseppe , Ilieva Mihaela , Veibäck Clas , Öfjäll Kristoffer , Gadomska Alicja , Hendeby Gustaf , Felsberg Michael , Gustafsson Fredrik , Åkesson Susanne 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Migratory songbirds carry an inherited capacity to migrate several thousand kilometers each year crossing continental landmasses and barriers between distant breeding sites and wintering areas. How individual songbirds manage with extreme precision to find their way is still largely unknown. The functional characteristics of biological compasses used by songbird migrants has mainly been investigated by recording the birds directed migratory activity in circular cages, so‐called Emlen funnels. This method is 50 years old and has not received major updates over the past decades. The aim of this work was to compare the results from newly developed digital methods with the established manual methods to evaluate songbird migratory activity and orientation in circular cages.

We performed orientation experiments using the European robin (Erithacus rubecula) using modified Emlen funnels equipped with thermal paper and simultaneously recorded the songbird movements from above. We evaluated and compared the results obtained with five different methods. Two methods have been commonly used in songbirds’ orientation experiments; the other three methods were developed for this study and were based either on evaluation of the thermal paper using automated image analysis, or on the analysis of videos recorded during the experiment.

The methods used to evaluate scratches produced by the claws of birds on the thermal papers presented some differences compared with the video analyses. These differences were caused mainly by differences in scatter, as any movement of the bird along the sloping walls of the funnel was recorded on the thermal paper, whereas video evaluations allowed us to detect single takeoff attempts by the birds and to consider only this behavior in the orientation analyses. Using computer vision, we were also able to identify and separately evaluate different behaviors that were impossible to record by the thermal paper.

The traditional Emlen funnel is still the most used method to investigate compass orientation in songbirds under controlled conditions. However, new numerical image analysis techniques provide a much higher level of detail of songbirds’ migratory behavior and will provide an increasing number of possibilities to evaluate and quantify specific behaviors as new algorithms will be developed.
Sprouting response of an evergreen broad‐leaved forest to a 2008 winter storm in Nanling Mountains, southern China
Authors: Wang Xu , Huang Shineng , Li Jiaxiang , Zhou Guangyi , Shi Lei 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA severe winter storm from January to February 2008 caused considerable damage to the Nanling evergreen broad‐leaved forest. The sprout vigor of each species during postdisaster recovery plays a very important role in the succession trends of disturbed forests. In April 2008, four plots (50 × 30 m) were established in the Shierdushui Nature Reserve of Guangdong Province, China, to examine the damage status by the dominant species and diameters at breast height (DBHs), and the sprout response (indicated by the number of sprouts per stem) of the evergreen broad‐leaved forest to the severe winter storm. In contrast with freezing damage, the percentage of trees killed by mechanical damage from the mass of snow and ice was significantly higher (10% vs. 90%). More than 70% of the total dead trees had DBHs less than 4 cm. The impact of the severe winter storm in the tree layer was much more serious than in the shrub layer. Stem bending killed the highest percentage of trees, accounting for 59.53% of the total number of dead trees. The sprout number per stem differed significantly among damage types. The more severe damage induced a higher sprout number. Without considering the damage extent, significant differences in the sprout response were also found at both the dominant species and family levels. The tree layer exceeded the shrub layer in the mean number of sprouts (35.87 vs. 15.92). A bivariate correlation indicated that the sprout response was positively related to DBH and annual stem radial growth of the mother trees, implying that DBH and the growth rate of plant species most likely control the sprout response to disturbance in the subtropical evergreen broad‐leaved forests in the Nanling Mountains, southern China.
Surviving in Europe: geopolitics of biodiversity conservation illustrated by a proxy species Viola uliginosa
Authors: Ranta Pertti , Jokinen Ari , Laaka‐Lindberg Sanna 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBuilding strategies for continental‐scale conservation is challenging due to evolutionary and geopolitical problems. How do policy choices arise from this setting? In this study, we integrate ecological research with policy analysis to examine the problem field with a case study research. We use a violet species endemic to Europe, Viola uliginosa, as a proxy for a significant European Union (EU)–Russian biodiversity pattern and its conservation. The violet's core populations locate in Belarus, Ukraine, and Russia, and all populations in the EU are peripheral. The species is endangered in 12 EU member states and in decline in many places elsewhere. To analyze the choices of conservation, we gathered data on its ecology, distribution, and conservation mechanisms across Europe, putting additional emphasis on the EU enlargement and long‐term site histories in Finland. We found that the survival of the species in the EU depends on the enlargement negotiations, conflicts between the EU biodiversity and agricultural policies, selection of the species to national Red Lists and the Habitats Directive, and contingent site histories depending on the conservation activities by civic actors and the member states. While the evolutionary aspect emphasizes the genetic differentiation potential of peripheral populations, the geopolitical aspect characterizes the EU as simultaneous spaces of a monotopia, borderlands, and polycentric development. We conclude that intersections between these geopolitical spaces can be used with evolutionary perspectives to identify local, European, and network‐driven policy choices of conservation.