bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sublingual tacrolimus administration provides similar drug exposure to per‐oral route employing lower doses in liver transplantation: a pilot study
Authors: Solari S. , Cancino A. , Wolff R. , Norero B. , Vargas J. I. , Barrera F. , Guerra J. F. , Martínez J. , Jarufe N. , Soza A. , Arrese M. , Benitez C. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryBackgroundPer‐oral tacrolimus administration is not always practicable. Sublingual administration is a potential alternative, but its feasibility and effectiveness compared with oral route has not been established.AimTo compare tacrolimus drug exposure after sublingual and oral administration in liver transplant recipients.MethodsExperimental, open‐label, non‐randomised, cross‐over study. Tacrolimus exposure was evaluated in 32 liver transplant recipients receiving oral administration. 12 h tacrolimus area‐under‐the‐curve (AUC0–12 h) was calculated using tacrolimus blood concentrations at 0‐0.5‐1‐2‐4‐6‐8‐12 hrs post‐dose. Recipients were switched to sublingual administration, and dose was adjusted to reach similar trough levels, new AUC0‐12 h was calculated. Correlation between AUC0‐12 h and trough levels was determined for both oral and sublingual phases.ResultsSimilar trough levels were accomplished with oral and sublingual administration (6.68 ± 2 ng/mL vs. 6.62 ± 1.9 ng/mL (P = 0.8)). Although concentration 2 h post dose was higher in oral phase (15.36 ± 7.14 vs. 13.18 ± 5.64, P = 0.015), AUC0‐12 h was similar in both phases (116.6 ± 34.6 vs. 111.5 ± 36.93 ng/mL*h, P = 0.19). Daily dose of tacrolimus required in sublingual phase was 37% lower than that used in oral phase (P < 0.0001), suggesting significantly increased bioavailability of tacrolimus when employing sublingual route. Good correlation between AUC0‐12 h and trough levels was observed in sublingual phase (r2 = 0.74). Twenty‐two recipients were maintained on sublingual administration after the end of study (mean follow‐up: 18.7 ± 5.8 months). No difference in liver function tests or rejection rates was found during follow‐up period.ConclusionsSublingual administration of tacrolimus is feasible and provides similar drug exposure compared with oral administration. In our study, at long‐term follow‐up, sublingual administration was not associated with liver transplant rejection.
Overcoming barriers between volunteer professionals advising project‐based learning teams with regulation tools
Authors: Rees Lewis Daniel G. , Easterday Matthew W. , Harburg Emily , Gerber Elizabeth M. , Riesbeck Christopher K. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTo provide the substantial support required for project‐based learning (PBL), educators can incorporate professional experts as design coaches. However, previous work shows barriers incorporating design coaches who can rarely meet face‐to‐face: (1) communication online is time‐consuming, (2) updating coaches online is not perceived as valuable, (3) students do not seek help, (4) coaches are not proactive online and (5) coaches struggle to gain the awareness from student online communications. How might we design socio‐technical systems that can incorporate professionals coaching? In a 6‐week university PBL product design program with three teams (four members per team) and five coaches, teams met with coaches on campus for 2‐hours a week, but otherwise communicated with teams online. We created and tested StandUp, a system designed to overcome coaching barriers online that: prompts team planning, goal setting and monitoring of progress and displays this information online to coaches. We collected and analyzed interview, observation and log data. We found StandUp helped participants overcome coaching barriers by providing students a way to regulate group learning which in turn automatically emailed reports to coaches thereby supporting coach awareness; coach awareness in turn prompted both online coaching and face‐to‐face coaching. This work provides evidence from one context. Future work should measure learning and explore different regulation scripts.
The pro‐cognitive mechanisms of physical exercise in people with schizophrenia
Authors: Firth Joseph , Cotter Jack , Carney Rebekah , Yung Alison R 
Published: March 2017

Schizophrenia is associated with pervasive cognitive deficits which are unresponsive to antipsychotic medications. Physical exercise has been shown to improve cognitive functioning in people with schizophrenia, although the mechanisms for this are unclear. We conducted a systematic review of all exercise intervention studies which reported changes in brain structure, connectivity or peripheral biomarkers which could underlie cognitive improvements from exercise in schizophrenia. An electronic database search was conducted on 22 September 2016 using keywords relevant to exercise and neurocognition in schizophrenia. The search returned 2342 articles. Sixteen were eligible for inclusion, reporting data from 14 independent trials of 423 patients with schizophrenia. Seven studies used neuroimaging to examine the impact of exercise on brain structure and connectivity in schizophrenia, whereas seven other studies examined peripheral biomarkers to assess the effects of exercise. Imaging studies collectively indicated that exercise can increase brain volume in people with schizophrenia, although the regions which responded to exercise varied across studies. Most biomarker studies assessed the effects of exercise on serum levels of BDNF. Several studies found significant increases from exercise along with positive correlations between BDNF and cognitive enhancements (indicating a mechanistic link), although other studies did not observe this relationship. In conclusion, the cognitive benefits of exercise in schizophrenia may be due to exercise stimulating neurogenesis, perhaps by up‐regulating BDNF, although current evidence is insufficient to draw definitive conclusions. Further exploration of the pro‐cognitive mechanisms of exercise in schizophrenia would inform the development of optimal interventions for reducing cognitive impairments in this population.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Pharmacology of Cognition: a Panacea for Neuropsychiatric Disease? To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.19/issuetoc
Children's Judgments and Reasoning About Same‐Sex Romantic Relationships
Authors: Spence Sarah , Helwig Charles C. , Cosentino Nicole 
Published: March 2017

Children's (5‐, 7‐ to 8‐, and 10‐ to 11‐year‐olds), and adolescents’ (13‐ to 14‐year‐olds) judgments and reasoning about same‐sex romantic relationships were examined (N = 128). Participants’ beliefs about the acceptability and legal regulation of these relationships were assessed, along with their judgments and beliefs about excluding someone because of his or her sexual orientation and the origins of same‐sex attraction. Older participants evaluated same‐sex romantic relationships more positively and used more references to personal choice and justice/discrimination reasoning to support their judgments. Younger participants were less critical of a law prohibiting same‐sex relationships and were more likely to believe it was not acceptable to violate this law. Beliefs about origins of same‐sex attraction showed age‐specific patterns in their associations with evaluations.
Randomized controlled clinical trial comparing two dental implants with different neck configurations
Authors: Sanz‐Martín Ignacio , Sanz‐Sánchez Ignacio , Noguerol Fernando , Cok Susy , Ortiz‐Vigón Alberto , Sanz Mariano 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundPeri‐implant bone levels can vary according to the implant neck macro‐design and the implant‐abutment interface.PurposeTo compare the changes in soft and hard tissues when using a one‐piece implant with a machined collar (TG) versus a two‐piece implant with a progressive platform widening and a platform switching connection (SP).Material and methodsPartially edentulous patients willing to receive one or two implants in the posterior maxilla or mandible were randomized to the control (TG) or to the test group (SP). Final prostheses were delivered after 12 months. Radiographic measurements of interproximal bone levels (primary outcome) were assessed at implant loading and 1‐year postloading. Clinical, patient related outcomes and adverse events were assessed at loading and after 6 and 12 months.ResultsSixty‐one implants were placed in 47 patients, 37 patients (18 in the TG group and 19 in the SP group), and 47 implants (23 TG and 24 SP) completed the 24‐months follow up. At the patient level, a significantly greater bone resorption from baseline to implant loading was observed in the SP group (−0.42 ± 0.45 vs −0.07 ± 0.45; P = .001*), while from loading to the final visit, the TG group had significantly greater bone loss than the SP group (−0.26 ± 0.22 vs −0.11 ± 0.2; P = .020*). At 24 months after surgery, there were no significant differences between both groups (control: 0.33 ± 0.49 vs test: 0.53 ± 0.53; P = .230). Similarly, no significant differences were observed for the secondary outcomes.ConclusionsBoth types of implant reported high survival rates and similar bone level changes, clinical parameters, and patient related outcomes after 12 months of loading.
Trends in Industrial and Artisanal Catch Per Effort in West African Fisheries
Authors: Belhabib Dyhia , Greer Krista , Pauly Daniel 
Published: March 2017

AbstractArtisanal fisheries are generally assumed to generate a lower fishing effort in comparison to the industrial sector. This study aims to comparing catch, fishing effort, and catch‐per‐unit‐of‐effort (CPUE) for each sector, using kWdays as a metric for fishing effort, and kg/kWdays for CPUE. The study, which covers West Africa (1950–2010), finds that the artisanal sector spends 4.7•109 kWdays/year versus 1.3•109kWdays/year by the industrial sector, due to increasing numbers and size of artisanal boats, which in Senegal and Ghana can exceed that of (smaller) industrial vessels. The artisanal total fishing effort increased by 10‐fold between 1950 and 2010, in contrast to a decrease in the industrial effort since the 1990s, which points to the occurrence of Malthusian overfishing, a form of fishing that favors excess labor instead of capital. This analysis finds that the CPUE declined by 1/3 since 1950 driven by a strong decline in the artisanal CPUE, which is 11 times lower than industrial CPUE. This confirms other indicators of decline of fish populations. This study calls for the prioritization of artisanal fisheries, with regard to management and data availability, but also as an important but unregulated sector, which contributes to overexploitation of fish stocks that are vital for communities in West Africa.
Cultural competence skills in a dental curriculum: A review
Authors: Mariño R. J. , Ghanim A. , Barrow S. L. , Morgan M. V. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis study aimed to analyse and evaluate the extent of transcultural content in the current curricula of the Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS), Bachelor of Oral Health (BOH) and Master of Nursing Science (MNSc) courses at the University of Melbourne. Methods: The study was conducted in two phases: a quantitative review and assessment of the current DDS, BOH and MNSc curricula at the University of Melbourne, and interviews with various staff from the University of Melbourne who were responsible for curriculum development for these courses. Results: Staff from the DDS, BOH and MNSc courses concurred on the importance of transcultural skills, the necessity of covering cultural issues relevant to the main ethnic groups in Australia, obstacles faced and the lack of evaluation methods for cultural competency. The nursing curriculum had the most extensive coverage of transcultural content throughout both years of the course (total 71 formal contact hours; mean 36 formal contact hours per year). In contrast, modules on transcultural skills were limited to the first two of the 3‐year BOH course (54 hours; 18 hours) and only the first of the 4‐year dental curriculum (40 hours; 10 hours). Conclusion: The DDS course showed less time devoted to formal teaching of these concepts compared to the nursing and BOH courses despite showing a noticeable improvement from a previous assessment conducted in 2006. It is hoped that the DDS course continues to further increase the transcultural content and find ways to incorporate more transcultural education.
Species‐specific diversity in the anatomical and physiological organisation of the BNST‐VTA pathway
Authors: Kaufling Jennifer , Girard Delphine , Maitre Marlène , Leste‐Lasserre Thierry , Georges François 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe anteromedial part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (amBNST) is a limbic structure innervating the ventral tegmental area (VTA) that is remarkably constant across species. The amBNST modulates fear and anxiety, and activation of VTA dopamine (DA) neurons by amBNST afferents seems to be the way by which stress controls motivational states associated with reward or aversion. Because fear learning and anxiety states can be expressed differently between rats and mice, we compared the functional connectivity between amBNST and the VTA‐DA neurons in both species using consistent methodological approaches. Using a combination of in vivo electrophysiological, neuroanatomical tracing and laser capture approaches we explored the BNST influences on VTA‐DA neuron activity. First, we characterised in rats the molecular phenotype of the amBNST neurons projecting to the VTA. We found that this projection is complex, including both GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons. Then, VTA injections of a conventional retrograde tracer, the β‐sub‐unit of the cholera toxin (CTB), revealed a stronger BNST‐VTA projection in mice than in rats. Finally, electrical stimulations of the BNST during VTA‐DA neuron recording demonstrated a more potent excitatory influence of the amBNST on VTA‐DA neuron activity in rats than in mice. These data illustrate anatomically, but also functionally, a significant difference between rats and mice in the amBNST‐VTA pathway. More generally, together with previous findings, our research highlights the importance of species differences for the interpretation and the generalisation of research data.
The effect of reward expectation on the time course of perceptual decisions
Authors: Tosoni Annalisa , Committeri Giorgia , Calluso Cinzia , Galati Gaspare 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPerceptual discriminations can be strongly biased by the expected reward for a correct decision but the neural mechanisms underlying this influence are still partially unclear. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a task requiring to arbitrarily associate a visual stimulus with a specific action, we have recently shown that perceptual decisions are encoded within the same sensory‐motor regions responsible for planning and executing specific motor actions. Here we examined whether these regions additionally encode the amount of expected reward for a perceptual decision. Using a task requiring to associate a gradually unmasked female vs. male picture with a spatially‐directed hand pointing or saccadic eye movement, we examined whether the fMRI time course of effector‐selective regions was modulated by the amount of expected reward. In both the pointing‐selective parietal reach region (PRR) and the saccade‐selective posterior intraparietal region (pIPS), reward‐related modulations were only observed after the onset of the stimulus, during decision formation. However, while in the PRR these modulations were specific for the preferred pointing response, the pIPS showed greater activity when either a saccadic or a pointing movement was associated with a greater reward relative to neutral conditions. Interestingly, the fusiform face area showed a similar reward‐related but response‐independent modulation, consistent with a general motivational signal rather than with a mechanism for biasing specific sensory or motor representations. Together, our results support an account of perception as a process of probabilistic inference in which top‐down and bottom‐up information are integrated at every level of the cortical hierarchy.
Sustained release of collagen VI potentiates sciatic nerve regeneration by modulating macrophage phenotype
Authors: Lv Dan , Zhou Lijuan , Zheng Xianyu , Hu Yongcheng 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAlthough the peripheral nervous system has an intrinsic ability for repair and regeneration after injury, bridging long peripheral nerve defects remains a challenge. Functional nerve regeneration depends on interactions among axons, Schwann cells, fibroblasts and immune cells. Macrophages, as immune cells recruited early in this process, show polarization toward phenotypes that are detrimental or beneficial to tissue remodeling depending on the microenvironment of the scaffolds. In this study, we investigated the effects of macrophage phenotypes modulated by collagen VI on axonal regeneration and functional recovery by bridging a 15‐mm‐long sciatic nerve defect in rats. Our results showed that local delivery of collagen VI within a polycaprolactone (PCL) electrospun conduit increased the recruitment of macrophages and their polarization toward the pro‐healing (M2) phenotype. In addition, the axonal regeneration and neurologic functional recovery in the PCL/collagen VI conduit group are equivalent to that of an autograft. In conclusion, the present study confirmed that PCL/collagen VI conduits with sustained release of collagen VI in the local microenvironment may, through triggering macrophage M2 polarization to enhance the nerve regeneration, suggest that our combined biomaterial‐immunomodulatory system may be an attractive candidate for peripheral nerve regeneration.
Being Part of the Nação: Examining Costly Religious Rituals in a Brazilian Neo‐Pentecostal Church
Authors: Dengah H.J. François 
Published: March 2017

AbstractNeo‐Pentecostalism is notable for its emphasis on “prosperity theology,” the belief that economic prosperity is available to the faithful. Members give monetary offerings in exchange for later blessings of financial prosperity. Despite the faith's rapid growth worldwide, the influence of prosperity theology on believers’ lives is still being understood. This mixed‐method study examines Brazilian neo‐Pentecostal rituals through the dual paradigms of religious signaling and cognitive dissonance theory. Signaling theory posits that costly behaviors, such as giving significant sums of money, are honest signs of an individual's intent toward group cooperation. Cognitive dissonance theory suggests that individuals will justify the costly signals required by overvaluing membership in the group. The integration of these two approaches provides a comprehensive model for costly ritual participation by addressing both social and individual motivating factors. This study furthers our understanding of neo‐Pentecostalism by examining how prosperity theology rituals influence behaviors, cognitions, and the psychological well‐being.Neopentecostalismo é notável por sua ênfase na “teologia da prosperidade,” a crença de que a prosperidade econômica está disponível para os fiéis. Os membros dão ofertas monetárias em troca de bênçãos financeiras. Este estudo de método misto examina os rituais neopentecostais através de dois paradigmas: sinalização custosa e dissonância cognitiva. A teoria da sinalização custosa postula que os comportamentos caros, tais como dar somas significativas de dinheiro, são sinais honestos de intenções para a cooperação e participação dentro do grupo. A teoria da dissonância cognitiva sugere que as pessoas vão justificar os sinais caros exigidos pela supervalorização no grupo. A integração dessas duas abordagens oferece um modelo mais abrangente para a participação nos rituais, abordando ambos os fatores sociais e individuais de motivação. Este estudo possibilita a compreensão do evangelho da prosperidade, examinando como seu ritual influencia comportamentos, cognições e o bem‐estar psicológico dos neopentecostais brasileiros.
Acute leukaemia with a pure erythroid phenotype: under‐recognized morphological and cytogenetic signatures associated universally with primary refractory disease and a dismal clinical outcome
Authors: Park David C , Ozkaya Neval , Lovitch Scott B 
Published: March 2017

AimsPure erythroid leukaemia (PEL) is an extremely rare and aggressive subtype of acute myeloid leukaemia defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a neoplastic proliferation of immature cells committed exclusively to the erythroid lineage, comprising >80% of bone marrow cells and not meeting the criteria of other well‐defined myeloid neoplasms. The aim of this study was to describe the clinicopathological features of acute leukaemias with a pure erythroid phenotype (ALPEP) irrespective of their WHO classification and to determine if ALPEP represents a distinct clinicopathological entity.Methods and resultsWe identified seven cases of ALPEP, in which immature cells fulfilled WHO morphological and immunophenotypical criteria for PEL. All patients except one were male, with a median age of 60 years. Three cases represented de novo PEL, three were therapy‐related myeloid neoplasms and one was a blast phase of a myeloproliferative neoplasm. Extensive tumour necrosis was present in five cases (71%). Five cases with available modal karyotypes all demonstrated a complex karyotype involving the TP53 gene locus, with three cases (60%) also showing a monosomy 5 or deletion 5q and additional material on chromosome 19q13. All patients died of their disease, with a mean overall survival of 189 and 64.7 days in cases without and with necrosis on the initial biopsy, respectively.ConclusionsWe describe previously unreported but relatively common findings of extensive tumour necrosis and recurring cytogenetic abnormalities in ALPEP. Our findings suggest strongly that ALPEP represents a distinct clinicopathological entity regardless of its WHO classification.
Japanese experience of evolving nurses’ roles in changing social contexts
Authors: Kanbara S. , Yamamoto Y. , Sugishita T. , Nakasa T. , Moriguchi I. 
Published: March 2017

AimTo discuss the evolving roles of Japanese nurses in meeting the goals and concerns of ongoing global sustainable development.BackgroundJapanese nurses’ roles have evolved as the needs of the country and the communities they served, changed over time. The comprehensive public healthcare services in Japan were provided by the cooperation of hospitals and public health nurses.IntroductionThe nursing profession is exploring ways to identify and systemize nursing skills and competencies that address global health initiatives for sustainable development goals.MethodsThis paper is based on the summary of a symposium, (part of the 2015 annual meeting of the Japan Association for International Health) with panel members including experts from Japan's Official Development Assistance.FindingsThe evolving role of nurses in response to national and international needs is illustrated by nursing practices from Japan. Japanese public health nurses have also assisted overseas healthcare plans. In recent catastrophes, Japanese nurses assumed the roles of community health coordinators for restoration and maintenance of public health.DiscussionThe Japanese experience shows that nursing professionals are best placed to work with community health issues, high‐risk situations and vulnerable communities. Their cooperation can address current social needs and help global communities to transform our world.ConclusionNurses have tremendous potential to make transformative changes in health and bring about the necessary paradigm shift. They must be involved in global sustainable development goals, health policies and disaster risk management. A mutual understanding of global citizen and nurses will help to renew and strengthen their capacities.ImplicationsNursing professionals can contribute effectively to achieve national and global health goals and make transformative changes.