bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accessing Totally Implantable Venous Access Systems on the day of Placement does not Significantly Increase the Risk of Infection
Authors: Young Shamar J. , Young Linda J. , Vogel Jeffery , Sutkowski Raymond , Venkataperumal Satish 
Published: February 2016

Purpose Totally implantable venous access systems (ports) are commonly placed and have a low complication rate. The most common complication is infection, which can have very negative effects on patients resulting in hospitalization and/or treatment delay in the setting of neoplasm. While a number of variables have been studied in relation to diminishing infectious rates, one remaining question is the effect of accessing the port on day of placement, which is the aim of this retrospective study. Materials and methods After internal review board approval the electronic medical records of 2,006 patients who underwent port placement between 10/1/2008 and 9/30/2013 were reviewed. Of these patients 628 were excluded as they did not have complete placement and removal data available, leaving 1378 patients in our cohort. Results There was a significantly longer number of infection-free catheter days in the out-patient cohort as compared to the in-patient cohort (p = 0.027). In-patients mean day after placement when the port was first accessed (DAP) (0.5) was statistically earlier (closer to placement) than the out-patients DAP (7.2) (p<0.0001). However, the increased likelihood of infection could not be explained by DAP (p = 0.2029) even when controlling for in-patient and out-patient status (p = 0.97). Conclusions Accessing the port on the day of placement does not significantly contribute to an increased likelihood of infection. This study seems to indicate that placing a port on the first day of outpatient therapy likely optimally balances respect for patient time with infection control.
Creating Arteriovenous Fistulas in Patients with Chronic Central Venous Obstruction
Authors: Jennings William C. , Maliska Charles Miles , Blebea John , Taubman Kevin E. 
Published: February 2016

Purpose Central venous obstruction Occlusion (CVO) has been considered a contraindication for creating a vascular access due to fear of developing a swollen extremity. However, many of these individuals developed large collateral veins and are asymptomatic. We report our experience constructing arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) in these challenging patients. Methods Patients with a new AVF constructed in the presence of known CVO were identified. Venous imaging confirmed proximal obstruction and extensive collateral venous return. The AVF was constructed in the extremity with the most favorable ultrasound vessel mapping and collateral central venous outflow. Arterial inflow via the radial artery was utilized when feasible. Results AVFs associated with known CVO were constructed in 19 patients during an eight-year time period. The mean age was 53 years, 63% were female, and 58% diabetic. Arterial inflow was from the radial artery in 15 patients and the brachial or axillary artery in 5 individuals. Post-operative AVF flow volumes were 415-910 mL/min (mean = 640 mL/min). Eight patients (42%) developed some degree of arm edema. Two resolved without intervention. The others required inflow banding (n = 2), outflow branch coiling (n = 1), and/or recanalization with angioplasty (n = 4) of the CVO to resolve swelling. Mean follow-up was 14 months. Two AVFs failed at 8 and 16 months. Primary and cumulative patency rates were 49% and 100% at 12 months and 39% and 80% at 24 months, respectively. Conclusions CVO need not preclude the creation of a successful AVF. Extensive venous collaterals and avoiding high-flow AVFs are important elements for success. Cumulative patency was 80% at 24 months.
El pensamiento de Pierre Bourdieu: Apuntes para una mirada arqueológica
Authors: Fowler William R. , Zavaleta Lemus Eugenia 
Published: February 2016

Pierre Bourdieu es uno de los teóricos contemporáneos de la acción social más estudiados en diferentes campos de las ciencias sociales, porque sus postulados invitan a la superación de las antinomias o los dualismos clásicos de la sociología tradicional (objetivismo/subjetivismo, estructura/agencia, individuo/sociedad, materia/idea, micro/macro, cuali/cuanti) y porque se ha identificado con la superación de los determinismos y sustancialismos, construyendo enfoques más relacionales y procesuales.Sus principales influencias teóricas provienen del marxismo, del estructuralismo francés, de las filosofías de Martin Heidegger, Edmund Husserl, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Raymond Aron y Ludwig Wittgenstein; inclusive de la tradición epistemológica francesa, que enfatiza el no-positivismo y antievolucionismo.
Spectrofluorometric Determination of Putrescine Using Orthophthaldehyde as a Fluorophore: A Novel Method
Authors: Oyelakin Oladele , Traoré Moumouny , Mbaye El Hadji Babacar , Konté Abdourahmane , Cissé Lamine , Faye Abdoulaye N , Faye Ousman , Mbaye Moussa , Kital Khemesse , Seye Gaye , Coly Atanasse , Tine Alphonse , Delattre François 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This paper concerns spectrofluorometric analysis of putrescine using orthophthaladehyde as a fluorophore in aqueous alkaline medium. Wavelengths of excitation and emission in acid, neutral, and alkaline media were different. There is a maximum intensity of fluorescence in alkaline medium 24 h after complexation compared with other media. Putrescine and orthophthaladehyde are used at an equimolar ratio, and the product is kinetically stable in alkaline medium. Calibration curves obtained gave limits of detection and quantification of 39 and 65 ng/mL, respectively. The correlation coefficient obtained in alkaline medium was 0.992 at pH 12. Results obtained largely showed a good reproducibility of our method.
Probe method for measuring the diffusion coefficient in edge plasma
Authors: Amemiya Hiroshi , Uehara Kazuya , Ohshima Shinsuke , Mizuuchi Tohru 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
A probe method to measure the diffusion coefficient and the ion temperature in the edge plasma is proposed. The probe is constructed as an asymmetric double probe, where one electrode is sensitive to the direction of magnetic field while the other is insensitive to it. The ratio of ion saturation currents to two electrodes is used to determine the diffusion coefficient from which the ion temperature is estimated. The saturation currents are calculated by taking the anisotropic diffusion to the probe into account. The present probe method is applicable in the edge plasma even with such a complicated magnetic field as that in helical devices.
Improvement in performance of solution-processed indium–zinc–tin oxide thin-film transistors by UV/O3 treatment on zirconium oxide gate insulator
Authors: Naik Bukke Ravindra , Avis Christophe , Chowdhury Md Delwar Hossain , Kim Taehun , Lin Tengda , Jang Jin 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
We studied solution-processed amorphous indium–zinc–tin oxide (a-IZTO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) with spin-coated zirconium oxide (ZrO
x
) as the gate insulator. The ZrO
x
gate insulator was used without and with UV/O3 treatment. The TFTs with an untreated ZrO
x
gate dielectric showed a saturation mobility (μsat) of 0.91 ± 0.29 cm2 V−1 s−1, a threshold voltage (V
th) of 0.28 ± 0.36 V, a subthreshold swing (SS) of 199 ± 37.17 mV/dec, and a current ratio (I
ON/I
OFF) of ∼107. The TFTs with a UV/O3-treated ZrO
x
gate insulator exhibited μsat of 2.65 ± 0.43 cm2 V−1 s−1, V
th of 0.44 ± 0.35 V, SS of 133 ± 24.81 mV/dec, and I
ON/I
OFF of ∼108. Hysteresis was 0.32 V in the untreated TFTs and was eliminated by UV/O3 treatment. Also, the leakage current decreased significantly when the IZTO TFT was coated onto a UV/O3-treated ZrO
x
gate insulator.
Effects of plasmonic field due to gold nanoparticles and magnetic field on photocurrents of zinc porphyrin–viologen linked compound-gold nanoparticle composite films
Authors: Yonemura Hiroaki , Niimi Tomoki , Yamada Sunao 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Composite films of zinc-porphyrin–viologen (ZnP–V2+) linked compound containing six methylene group [ZnP(6)V]–gold nanoparticles (AuNP) were fabricated by combining electrostatic layer-by-layer adsorption and the Langmuir–Blodgett method. The anodic photocurrents of the ZnP(6)V–AuNP composite films are higher than those of the ZnP(6)V films. The large photocurrents in ZnP(6)V–AuNP composite films are most likely attributable to the combination of localized surface plasmon resonance due to AuNP and photoinduced intramolecular electron transfer from excited state of ZnP to V2+. The photocurrents of the ZnP(6)V–AuNP composite films increase in the presence of magnetic field. The photocurrents increase with low magnetic fields (B ≤ 150 mT) and are almost constant under high magnetic fields (B ≥ 150 mT). Magnetic field effects (MFEs) were clearly observed for both ZnP(6)V–AuNP composite films and ZnP(6)V films. The MFEs can be explained by a radical pair mechanism.
Reduction in lateral lipid mobility of lipid bilayer membrane by atmospheric pressure plasma irradiation
Authors: Suda Yoshiyuki , Tero Ryugo , Yamashita Ryuma , Yusa Kota , Takikawa Hirofumi 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Plasma medicine is an emerging research field in which various applications of electrical discharge, especially in the form of nonequilibrium plasma at atmospheric pressure, are examined, for example, the application of plasma to biological targets for various purposes such as selective killing of tumor cells and blood stanching. We have focused on the behavior of an artificial cell membrane system at the solid–liquid interface. To evaluate the lateral lipid mobility, we measured the diffusion coefficient of the supported lipid bilayer (SLB) composed of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching by confocal laser scanning microscopy. It was found that the diffusion coefficient was decreased by plasma irradiation and that the diffusion coefficient decreasing rate proceeded with increasing plasma power. We investigated the effects of stimulation with an equilibrium chemical, H2O2, on the SLB and confirmed that the diffusion coefficient did not change at least up to a H2O2 concentration of 5 mM. These results indicate that transient active species generated by plasma play critical roles in the reduction in SLB fluidity. The effects of the two generated major oxidized lipid species, hydroxyl- or hydroperoxy-phosphatidylcholine (PC) and acyl-chain-truncated PCs terminated with aldehyde or carboxyl group, on lateral lipid mobility are discussed.
Dawn‐dusk asymmetries in rotating magnetospheres: Lessons from modeling Saturn
Authors: Jia Xianzhe , Kivelson Margaret G. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSpacecraft measurements reveal perplexing dawn‐dusk asymmetries of field and plasma properties in the magnetospheres of Saturn and Jupiter. Here we describe a previously unrecognized source of dawn‐dusk asymmetry in a rapidly rotating magnetosphere. We analyze two magnetohydrodynamic simulations, focusing on how flows along and across the field vary with local time in Saturn's dayside magnetosphere. As plasma rotates from dawn to noon on a dipolarizing flux tube, it flows away from the equator along the flux tube at roughly half of the sound speed (Cs), the maximum speed at which a bulk plasma can flow along a flux tube into a lower pressure region. As plasma rotates from noon to dusk on a stretching flux tube, the field‐aligned component of its centripetal acceleration decreases and it flows back toward the equator at speeds typically smaller than
. Correspondingly, the plasma sheet remains far thicker and the field less stretched in the afternoon than in the morning. Different radial force balance in the morning and afternoon sectors produce asymmetry in the plasma sheet thickness and a net dusk‐to‐dawn flow inside of L = 15 or equivalently, a large‐scale electric field (E) oriented from postnoon to premidnight, as reported from observations. Morning‐afternoon asymmetry analogous to that found at Saturn has been observed at Jupiter, and a noon‐midnight component of E cannot be ruled out.
Optimal observation network design for conceptual model discrimination and uncertainty reduction
Authors: Pham Hai V. , Tsai Frank T.‐C. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis study expands the Box‐Hill discrimination function to design an optimal observation network to discriminate conceptual models and, in turn, identify a most favored model. The Box‐Hill discrimination function measures the expected decrease in Shannon entropy (for model identification) before and after the optimal design for one additional observation. This study modifies the discrimination function to account for multiple future observations that are assumed spatiotemporally independent and Gaussian‐distributed. Bayesian model averaging (BMA) is used to incorporate existing observation data and quantify future observation uncertainty arising from conceptual and parametric uncertainties in the discrimination function. In addition, the BMA method is adopted to predict future observation data in a statistical sense. The design goal is to find optimal locations and least data via maximizing the Box‐Hill discrimination function value subject to a posterior model probability threshold. The optimal observation network design is illustrated using a groundwater study in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, to collect additional groundwater heads from USGS wells. The sources of uncertainty creating multiple groundwater models are geological architecture, boundary condition, and fault permeability architecture. Impacts of considering homoscedastic and heteroscedastic future observation data and the sources of uncertainties on potential observation areas are analyzed. Results show that heteroscedasticity should be considered in the design procedure to account for various sources of future observation uncertainty. After the optimal design is obtained and the corresponding data are collected for model updating, total variances of head predictions can be significantly reduced by identifying a model with a superior posterior model probability.
Symptoms of Knee Instability as Risk Factors for Recurrent Falls
Authors: Nevitt Michael C. , Tolstykh Irina , Shakoor Najia , Nguyen Uyen‐Sa D. T. , Segal Neil A. , Lewis Cora , Felson David T. ,   for the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study Investigators
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveWhether knee instability contributes to the increased risk of falls and fractures observed in persons with knee osteoarthritis (OA) has not been studied. We examined the association of knee buckling with the risk of falling and fall‐related consequences in older adults with, or at high risk for, knee OA.MethodsAt the 60‐month visit of the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study, men and women ages 55–84 years were asked about knee buckling in the past 3 months and whether they fell when a knee buckled. Falls and fall‐related injuries in the past 12 months and balance confidence were assessed at 60 and 84 months. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the association of knee buckling with falls and their consequences.ResultsA total of 1,842 subjects (59% women, mean ± SD age 66.9 ± 7.8 years, and body mass index 30.3 ± 5.7) were included. At 60 months 16.8% reported buckling and at 84 months 14.1% had recurrent (≥2) falls. Bucklers at 60 months had a 1.6‐ to 2.5‐fold greater odds of recurrent falls, fear of falling, and poor balance confidence at 84 months. Those who fell when a knee buckled at baseline had a 4.5‐fold, 2‐fold, and 3‐fold increased odds 2 years later of recurrent falls, significant fall injuries, and fall injuries that limited activity, respectively, and were 4 times more likely to have poor balance confidence.ConclusionInterventions that reduce knee buckling may help prevent falls, fall‐related injuries, and adverse psychological consequences of falls in persons with knee OA.
Diastereomeric Resolution of a Racemic Biarylboronic Acid and Its Application to Divergent Asymmetric Total Syntheses of Some Axially Chiral Natural Products
Authors: Lee Chun‐Young , Cheon Cheol‐Hong 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe asymmetric total syntheses of deshydroxytetramethylcupressuflavone and desmethylkotanin and the synthesis of a key intermediate in the previous synthesis of hibarimicinone are described using an axially chiral biarylboronic acid, prepared by the diastereomeric resolution of the corresponding rac‐boronic acid, as a common intermediate. Conversion of the boronic acid moiety into either a hydrogen atom or a hydroxy group by protodeboronation or oxidation enabled us to complete the total syntheses of deshydroxytetramethylcupressuflavone and desmethylkotanin and synthesis of a key intermediate in the previous total synthesis of hibarimicinone, respectively.magnified image
Variant of PBX2 gene in the 6p21.3 asthma susceptibility locus is associated with allergic rhinitis in Chinese subjects
Authors: Zhao Yali , Zhang Yuan , Zhang Luo 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundAllergic rhinitis (AR) is a complex chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa, caused by an interaction between genetic and environmental factors. As evidence suggests that some genetic variants may increase susceptibility to both AR and asthma, the objective of this study was to identify asthma susceptibility variants associated with AR in the Chinese population.MethodsA cohort of 402 individuals with physician‐diagnosed AR and 416 healthy controls were recruited from the Han Chinese population in Beijing. DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood and a total of 12 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) shown to be associated with asthma in Japanese subjects were selected for genotyping using the SequenomMassARRAY technology platform.ResultsAnalysis of frequency differences of allele between the AR patients and control subjects showed that the C allele of rs204993 in the pre‐B‐cell leukemia homeobox 2 (PBX2) gene from the 6p21.3 locus was significantly associated with AR (p = 0.0006, pcorrected = 0.0340). Genotype analysis further confirmed the difference in distribution of this variant between AR patients and controls in the both the dominant (pT/C+C/C vs T/T = 7.37×10−5) and co‐dominant (pT/C vs T/T = 1.98 × 10−4, pC/C vs T/T = 0.004) models.ConclusionThese results suggest that the PBX2 gene in the 6p21.3 asthma susceptibility locus may be associated with increased risk for both AR and asthma in Chinese subjects.
Influence of the amorphous phase molecular mobility on impact and tensile properties of polyamide 6,6
Authors: Rios de Anda Agustín , Fillot Louise‐Anne , Long Didier R. , Sotta Paul 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTIn this work, the relationship between molecular mobility of polyamide 6,6 amorphous phase and mechanical properties is studied. PA66 formulations having different glass transition temperatures (Tg) obtained by additivation, chemical modification of the polyamide chains, and/or water conditioning at different hygrometry levels, are considered. The main emphasis is put on the impact strength, as measured by instrumented Charpy impact tests over a broad temperature range. It is observed that the brittle‐tough transition temperature TB/T is closely correlated with the Tg of the samples rather than to the β secondary relaxation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43457.
Architectural effect of poly(acrylic acid) and poly(amide imide) block copolymers on dispersion of carbon nanotubes in water
Authors: Kubotera Akane , Saito Reiko 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThe dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in water by poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(amide imide) (PAI) block copolymers and homo‐PAA is investigated. Poly(acrylic acid)‐block‐poly(amide imide) (PAA‐block‐PAI), poly(acrylic acid)‐block‐poly(amide imide)‐block‐poly(acrylic acid) (PAA‐block‐PAI‐block‐PAA), and heteroarm star block copolymer poly(acrylic acid)2poly(amide imide) (PAA2PAI) with similar molecular weights and PAA contents are used as the copolymers. The dispersion of CNTs is observed by dynamic light scattering and ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy. The presence of the hydrophobic sequence improves the dispersion. PAA2PAI has the best dispersion ability, followed in order by PAA‐block‐PAI‐block‐PAA, PAA‐block‐PAI, and homo‐PAA. In the dry state, aggregates of CNT are observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in the mixture with PAA‐block‐PAI and homo‐PAA. The adhesion of the copolymers to CNT is also observed by TEM and is due to the high affinity between hydrophobic PAI and CNT. In particular, PAA2PAI and PAA‐block‐PAI‐block‐PAA well cover the CNTs. The presence of PAI and the PAA location are important for the dispersion of CNTs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43461.
Polymer‐Based Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Chromophores on TiO2 for Solar Energy Conversion
Authors: Leem Gyu , Morseth Zachary A. , Wee Kyung‐Ryang , Jiang Junlin , Brennaman M. Kyle , Papanikolas John M. , Schanze Kirk S. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA polychromophoric light‐harvesting assembly featuring a polystyrene (PS) backbone with ionic carboxylate‐functionalized RuII polypyridyl complexes as pendant groups (PS‐Ru‐A) was synthesized and successfully anchored onto mesoporous structured TiO2 films (TiO2//PS‐Ru‐A). Studies of the resulting TiO2//PS‐Ru‐A films carried out by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirmed that the ionic carboxylated RuII complexes from PS‐Ru‐A led to the surface immobilization on the TiO2 film. Monochromatic light photocurrent spectroscopy (IPCE) and white light (AM1.5G) current–voltage studies of dye‐sensitized solar cells using the TiO2//PS‐Ru‐A photoanode give rise to modest photocurrent and white light efficiency (24 % peak IPCE and 0.33 % PCE, respectively). The photostability of surface‐bound TiO2//PS‐Ru‐A films was tested and compared to a monomeric RuII complex (TiO2//Ru‐A), showing an enhancement of ∼14 % in the photostability of PS‐Ru‐A. Transient absorption measurements reveal that electron injection from surface‐bound pendants occurs on the picosecond time scale, similar to TiO2//Ru‐A, while time‐resolved emission measurements reveal delayed electron injection occurring in TiO2//PS‐Ru‐A on the nanosecond time scale, underscoring energy transport from unbound to surface‐bound complexes. Additionally, charge recombination is delayed in PS‐Ru‐A, pointing towards intra‐assembly hole transport to complexes away from the surface. Molecular dynamics simulations of PS‐Ru‐A in fluid solution indicate that a majority of the pendant RuII complexes lie within 10–20 Å of each other, facilitating efficient energy‐ and charge transport among the pendant complexes.
A Lysosome‐Targeting Fluorescence Off‐On Probe for Imaging of Nitroreductase and Hypoxia in Live Cells
Authors: Zhou Jin , Shi Wen , Li Li‐Hong , Gong Qiu‐Yu , Wu Xiao‐Feng , Li Xiao‐Hua , Ma Hui‐Min 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA lysosome‐targeting fluorescent off‐on probe has been developed by one‐step synthesis for detecting lysosomal nitroreductase and hypoxia. The probe is constructed by incorporating morpholine (a lysosome‐targeting unit) into 4‐nitro‐1,8‐naphthalimide (as a fluorochrome and specific substrate for nitroreductase), and the detection mechanism is based on the nitroreductase‐catalyzed reduction of the probe to 4‐amino‐1,8‐naphthalimide, accompanied by a large fluorescence enhancement at a wavelength of 543 nm. The probe shows an accurate lysosome‐targeting ability with high selectivity and sensitivity to nitroreductase (detection limit: 2.2 ng mL−1). Notably, the probe has been used to image the change of lysosomal nitroreductase in live cells during hypoxia, revealing that the increase of nitroreductase in lysosomes may be smaller than that in the cytoplasm. In addition, the probe is expected to be useful for studying the function of nitroreductase in the acidic organelle of lysosomes.