bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD46 Activation Regulates miR-150–Mediated Control of GLUT1 Expression and Cytokine Secretion in Human CD4+ T Cells
Authors: King Ben C. , Esguerra Jonathan L. S. , Golec Ewelina , Eliasson Lena , Kemper Claudia , Blom Anna M. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
CD46 is a cell surface complement inhibitor widely expressed in human tissues, in contrast to mice, where expression is limited to the testes. In humans, it has been identified as an important T cell costimulatory receptor, and patients deficient in CD46 or its endogenous ligands are unable to mount effective Th1 T cell responses. Stimulation of human CD4+ T cells with CD3 and CD46 also leads to the differentiation of a “switched” Th1 population, which shuts down IFN-γ secretion and upregulates IL-10 and is thought to be important for negative feedback regulation of the Th1 response. In the present study, we show that CD46 costimulation leads to amplified microRNA (miR) expression changes in human CD4+ T cells, with associated increases in activation more potent than those mediated by the “classic” costimulator CD28. Blockade of cell surface CD46 inhibited CD28-mediated costimulation, identifying autocrine CD46 signaling as downstream of CD28. We also identify a downregulation of miR-150 in CD46-costimulated T cells and identify the glucose transporter 1 encoding transcript SLC2A1 as a target of miR-150 regulation, connecting miR-150 with modulation of glucose uptake. We also investigated microRNA expression profiles of CD46-induced switched IL-10–secreting Th1 T cells and found increased expression of miR-150, compared with IFN-γ–secreting Th1 cells. Knockdown of miR-150 led to a reduction in IL-10 but not IFN-γ. CD46 therefore controls both Th1 activation and regulation via a miR-150–dependent mechanism.
IRF4 and IRF8 Act in CD11c+ Cells To Regulate Terminal Differentiation of Lung Tissue Dendritic Cells
Authors: Bajaña Sandra , Turner Sean , Paul Jinny , Ainsua-Enrich Erola , Kovats Susan 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) initiate immune responses in barrier tissues including lung and skin. Conventional DC (cDC) subsets, CD11b− (cDC1s) or CD11b+ (cDC2s), arise via distinct networks of transcription factors involving IFN regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) and IRF8, and are specialized for unique functional responses. Using mice in which a conditional Irf4 or Irf8 allele is deleted in CD11c+ cells, we determined whether IRF4 or IRF8 deficiency beginning in CD11c+ cDC precursors (pre-cDCs) changed the homeostasis of mature DCs or pre-DCs in the lung, dermis, and spleen. CD11c-cre-Irf4−/− mice selectively lacked a lung-resident CD11chiCD11b+SIRPα+CD24+ DC subset, but not other lung CD11b+ DCs or alveolar macrophages. Numbers of CD11b+CD4+ splenic DCs, but not CD11b+ dermal DCs, were reduced, indicating cDC2s in the lung and dermis develop via different pathways. Irf4 deficiency did not alter numbers of cDC1s. CD11c-cre-Irf8−/− mice lacked lung-resident CD103+ DCs and splenic CD8α+ DCs, yet harbored increased IRF4-dependent DCs. This correlated with a reduced number of Irf8−/− pre-cDCs, which contained elevated IRF4, suggesting that Irf8 deficiency diverts pre-cDC fate. Analyses of Irf4 and Irf8 haploinsufficient mice showed that, although one Irf4 allele was sufficient for lung cDC2 development, two functional Irf8 alleles were required for differentiation of lung cDC1s. Thus, IRF8 and IRF4 act in pre-cDCs to direct the terminal differentiation of cDC1 and cDC2 subsets in the lung and spleen. These data suggest that variation in IRF4 or IRF8 levels resulting from genetic polymorphisms or environmental cues will govern tissue DC numbers and, therefore, regulate the magnitude of DC functional responses.
Real-Time Analysis of Calcium Signals during the Early Phase of T Cell Activation Using a Genetically Encoded Calcium Biosensor
Authors: Le Borgne Marie , Raju Saravanan , Zinselmeyer Bernd H. , Le Viet T. , Li JiaJia , Wang Yingxiao , Miller Mark J. , Shaw Andrey S. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Proper T cell activation is promoted by sustained calcium signaling downstream of the TCR. However, the dynamics of calcium flux after stimulation with an APC in vivo remain to be fully understood. Previous studies focusing on T cell motility suggested that the activation of naive T cells in the lymph node occurs in distinct phases. In phase I, T cells make multiple transient contacts with dendritic cells before entering a phase II, where they exist in stable clusters with dendritic cells. It has been suggested that T cells signal during transient contacts of phase I, but this has never been shown directly. Because time-dependent loss of calcium dyes from cells hampers long-term imaging of cells in vivo after antigenic stimulation, we generated a knock-in mouse expressing a modified form of the Cameleon fluorescence resonance energy transfer reporter for intracellular calcium and examined calcium flux both in vitro and in situ. In vitro, we observed transient, oscillatory, and sustained calcium flux after contact with APC, but these behaviors were not affected by the type of APC or Ag quantity, but were, however, moderately dependent on Ag quality. In vivo, we found that during phase I, T cells exhibit weak calcium fluxes and detectable changes in cell motility. This demonstrates that naive T cells signal during phase I and support the hypothesis that accumulated calcium signals are required to signal the beginning of phase II.
ENHANCEMENT OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY AND FILLER DISPERSION OF CARBON NANOTUBE FILLED NATURAL RUBBER COMPOSITES BY LATEX MIXING AND IN SITU SILANIZATION
Authors: Nakaramontri Yeampon , Nakason Charoen , Kummerlöwe Claudia , Vennemann Norbert 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTCarbon nanotube (CNT)-filled natural rubber (NR) composites were prepared by melt and by latex mixing methods. Also in situ functionalization of CNTs with a silane coupling agent, namely bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide (TESPT), was done to improve the filler–rubber interactions between CNT surfaces and rubber molecules. The grafting of TESPT molecules on CNT surfaces was confirmed by attenuated total reflection (ATR)–Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and by the improvement of composite properties. Tensile properties were determined to assess the reinforcement efficiency of the CNTs in the composites. Also, electrical conductivity of the composites was measured to assess the formation of CNT networks (or connected conductive CNT pathways) in the rubber matrix. The results indicate that the composites prepared by latex mixing, in particular with the TESPT, had better tensile properties and electrical conductivities than the composites made by melt mixing. The lowest percolation threshold concentration, about 0.55 phr of CNTs, was observed in the latex–CNT composites, and three-dimensional network formations of CNTs in the rubber matrix were found with added TESPT, used by in situ functionalization. The improvement of filler–rubber interactions with the addition of TESPT was also examined by temperature scanning stress relaxation measurements, revealing the relaxation modulus, the relaxation spectrum, and an estimate of the cross-link density.
Observations of energetic turbulence on the Weddell Sea continental slope
Authors: Fer Ilker , Darelius Elin , Daae Kjersti B. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractTurbulence profile measurements made on the upper continental slope and shelf of the southeastern Weddell Sea reveal striking contrasts in dissipation and mixing rates between the two sites. The mean profiles of dissipation rates from the upper slope are 1–2 orders of magnitude greater than the profiles collected over the shelf in the entire water column. The difference increases toward the bottom where the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy and the vertical eddy diffusivity on the slope exceed 10−7 W kg−1 and 10−2 m2 s−1, respectively. Elevated levels of turbulence on the slope are concentrated within a 100 m thick bottom layer, which is absent on the shelf. The upper slope is characterized by near‐critical slopes and is in close proximity to the critical latitude for semidiurnal internal tides. Our observations suggest that the upper continental slope of the southern Weddell Sea is a generation site of semidiurnal internal tide, which is trapped along the slope along the critical latitude, and dissipates its energy in a
m thick layer near the bottom and within
km across the slope.
YedY: A Mononuclear Molybdenum Enzyme with a Redox‐Active Ligand?
Authors: Lee Chi Chung , Sickerman Nathaniel S. , Hu Yilin , Ribbe Markus W. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA recent electrochemical investigation suggests that the mononuclear molybdenum enzyme YdeY utilizes redox‐active ligands during catalysis.
Detailed Investigation of the Structural, Thermal, and Electronic Properties of Gold Isocyanide Complexes with Mechano‐Triggered Single‐Crystal‐to‐Single‐Crystal Phase Transitions
Authors: Seki Tomohiro , Sakurada Kenta , Muromoto Mai , Seki Shu , Ito Hajime 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMechano‐induced phase transitions in organic crystalline materials, which can alter their properties, have received much attention. However, most mechano‐responsive molecular crystals exhibit crystal‐to‐amorphous phase transitions, and the intermolecular interaction patterns in the daughter phase are difficult to characterize. We have investigated phenyl(phenylisocyanide)gold(I) (1) and phenyl(3,5‐dimethylphenylisocyanide)gold(I) (2) complexes, which exhibit a mechano‐triggered single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal phase transition. Previous reports of complexes 1 and 2 have focused on the relationships between the crystalline structures and photoluminescence properties; in this work we have focused on other aspects. The face index measurements of complexes 1 and 2 before and after the mechano‐induced phase transitions have indicated that they undergo non‐epitaxial phase transitions without a rigorous orientational relationship between the mother and daughter phases. Differential scanning calorimetry analyses revealed the phase transition of complex 1 to be enthalpically driven by the formation of new aurophilic interactions. In contrast, the phase transition of complex 2 was found to be entropically driven, with the closure of an empty void in the mother phase. Scanning electron microscopy observation showed that the degree of the charging effect of both complexes 1 and 2 was changed by the phase transitions, which suggests that the formation of the aurophilic interactions affords more effective conductive pathways. Moreover, flash‐photolysis time‐resolved microwave conductivity measurements revealed that complex 1 increased in conductivity after the phase change, whereas the conductivity of complex 2 decreased. These contrasting results were explained by the different patterns in the aurophilic interactions. Finally, an intriguing disappearing polymorphism of complex 2 has been reported, in which a polymorph form could not be obtained again after some period of time, even with repeated trials. The present studies provide us with a variety of hitherto unknown insights into mechano‐responsive molecular crystals, which help us to understand the phase transition behaviors upon mechanical stimulation and establish rational design principles.
Nanostructured Silicon‐Based Fingerprint Dusting Powders for Enhanced Visualization and Detection by Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Guinan Taryn M. , Kobus Hilton , Lu Yiqing , Sweetman Martin , McInnes Steven J. P. , Kirkbride K. Paul , Voelcker Nicolas H. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPorous silicon microparticles (pSi MPs) functionalized with fluorescent dyes (lissamine and carboxy‐5‐fluorescein) and intrinsically luminescent pSi MPs were explored as novel fingerprint dusting powders. The versatility of luminescent pSi MPs is demonstrated through time‐gated imaging of their long‐lived (lifetime>28 μs) near‐IR emission, and mass spectrometry analysis of fingerprints dusted with luminescent pSi MPs to provide further information on exogenous small molecules present in latent fingerprints.
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/neu as a novel therapeutic target in sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma
Authors: Takahashi Yoko , Lee Junegoo , Pickering Curtis , Bell Diana , Jiffar Tilahun W. , Myers Jeffrey N. , Hanna Ehab Y. , Kupferman Michael E. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundSinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC) is a rare and aggressive cancer. Despite multimodal therapy, the prognosis in SNUC remains poor, and new therapies are needed. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore potential therapeutic targets in SNUC.MethodsUsing the human‐derived SNUC MDA8788‐6 cell line, we performed whole genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis to identify copy number changes in this line. Protein expression levels were evaluated by Western blotting. Cell growth inhibition was assessed by methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) and clonogenic assays. The mouse flank model was used to examine the effect of growth inhibition in vivo.ResultsThe ERBB2 gene was highly amplified and cell extracts showed human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) was overexpressed and phosphorylated in MDA8788‐6. Lapatinib effectively inhibited the HER2 signaling pathway in our SNUC cell line. HER2 inhibition successfully suppressed the cell growth of MDA8788‐6 cells both in vitro and in vivo.ConclusionTargeting HER2 may be a promising avenue for the development of novel therapies for SNUC. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1926–E1934, 2016
Visualising apoptosis in live zebrafish using fluorescence lifetime imaging with optical projection tomography to map FRET biosensor activity in space and time
Authors: Andrews Natalie , Ramel Marie‐Christine , Kumar Sunil , Alexandrov Yuriy , Kelly Douglas J. , Warren Sean C. , Kerry Louise , Lockwood Nicola , Frolov Antonina , Frankel Paul , Bugeon Laurence , McGinty James , Dallman Margaret J. , French Paul M. W. 
Published: January 2016

Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) combined with optical projection tomography (OPT) has the potential to map Förster resonant energy transfer (FRET) readouts in space and time in intact transparent or near transparent live organisms such as zebrafish larvae, thereby providing a means to visualise cell signalling processes in their physiological context. Here the first application of FLIM OPT to read out biological function in live transgenic zebrafish larvae using a genetically expressed FRET biosensor is reported. Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is mapped in 3‐D by imaging the activity of a FRET biosensor that is cleaved by Caspase 3, which is a key effector of apoptosis. Although apoptosis is a naturally occurring process during development, it can also be triggered in a variety of ways, including through gamma irradiation. FLIM OPT is shown here to enable apoptosis to be monitored over time, in live zebrafish larvae via changes in Caspase 3 activation following gamma irradiation at 24 hours post fertilisation. Significant apoptosis was observed at 3.5 hours post irradiation, predominantly in the head region.
magnified image
Electrochemical comportment of Ni–Ti alloys immersed in two types of artificial saliva
Authors: Othman Houda , Etteyeb Naceur 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe main objective of this work was to study the electrochemical behavior of Ni–Ti alloy immersed in two types of artificial saliva: neutral saliva (Ringer's solution, pH = 7.4) and acidic saliva (Fusayama solution pH ∼ 2.3). This study was conducted by the application of various electrochemical methods [monitoring of the corrosion potential over time; E = f(t), polarization curves; j = f(E), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy EIS]. The overall results showed that the acidification of the saliva and/or the increase of its temperature causes the ignition of the corrosion phenomena of the Ni–Ti alloy. Indeed, the corrosion rate increases significantly with increasing temperature and the decreasing of the pH medium. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 778–784, 2017.
Transcriptomic Changes in Osteoblasts Following Endothelial Cell‐Cocultivation Suggest a Role of Extracellular Matrix in Cellular Interaction
Authors: Lampert Florian M. , Simunovic Filip , Finkenzeller Günter , Pfeifer Dietmar , Stark G. Björn , Winninger Oscar , Steiner Dominik 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTVascularization is important for bone development, fracture healing and engineering of artificial bone tissue. In the context of bone tissue engineering, it was shown that coimplantation of human primary umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human osteoblasts (hOBs) results in the formation of functional blood vessels and enhanced bone regeneration. Implanted endothelial cells do not only contribute to blood vessel formation, but also support proliferation, cell survival and osteogenic differentiation of coimplanted hOBs. These effects are partially mediated by direct heterotypic cell contacts. In a previous report we could show that cocultivated hOBs strongly increase the expression of genes involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) formation in HUVECs, suggesting that ECM may be involved in the intercellular communication between hOBs and HUVECs. The present study aimed at investigating whether comparable changes occur in hOBs. We therefore performed a microarray analysis of hOBs cultivated in direct contact with HUVECs, revealing 1,004 differentially expressed genes. The differentially expressed genes could be assigned to the functional clusters ECM, proliferation, apoptosis and osteogenic differentiation. The microarray data could be confirmed by performing quantitative real time RT‐PCR on selected genes. Furthermore, we could show that the ECM produced by HUVECs increased the expression of the osteogenic differentiation marker alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in hOBs. In summary, our data demonstrate that HUVECs provoke complex changes in gene expression patterns in cocultivated hOBs and that ECM plays and important role in this interaction. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1869–1879, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural evidence of functional organization along the Corydoras paleatus intestine
Authors: Plaul Silvia E. , Pastor Raquel , Díaz Alcira O. , Barbeito Claudio G. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTThe Neotropical catfish, Corydoras paleatus (Callichthyidae) is a facultative air‐breathing teleost that makes use of the caudal portion of the intestine as an accessory air‐breathing organ. This portion is highly modified, being well vascularized with capillaries between epithelial cells, which makes it well suited for gas exchange. Instead, the cranial portion is a digestion and absorption site, as it has a typical intestinal epithelium with columnar cells arranged in a single row, villi and less vascularized tunica mucosa. Therefore, the intestine was studied by light and electron microscopy to assess differences between the cranial, middle and caudal portions. To characterize the potential for cell proliferation of this organ, we used anti‐proliferating cell nuclear antigen antibody and anti‐Na+K+‐ATPase monoclonal antibody to detect the presence of Na+/K+ pump. In C. paleatus it was observed that cell dynamics showed a decreasing gradient of proliferation in cranio‐caudal direction. Also, the intestine of this catfish is an important organ in ionoregulation: the basolateral Na+/K+ pump may have an active role, transporting Na+ out of the cell while helping to maintain the repose potential and to regulate cellular volume. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:140–148, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Is peer review still the content industry's upper house?
Authors: Baverstock Alison 
Published: January 2016

Key points

Although ‘peer review’ has quasi‐sacred status, times are changing, and peer review is not necessarily a single and uniformly reliable gold standard.
For publishers, peer review is a process not an outcome.
Academics understand peer review, but are often ignorant about the quality checking mechanisms within wider publishing.
Self‐publishing has led to the much wider availability of publishing services – these now being used by all stakeholders in publishing.
How should universities evaluate comment and ideas that were first disseminated within a non‐academic market?
Rather than an upper house, is peer review today more of a galley kitchen?
Mimicking of Chondrocyte Microenvironment Using In Situ Forming Dendritic Polyglycerol Sulfate‐Based Synthetic Polyanionic Hydrogels
Authors: Dey Pradip , Schneider Tobias , Chiappisi Leonardo , Gradzielski Michael , Schulze‐Tanzil Gundula , Haag Rainer 
Published: January 2016

A stable polymeric network that mimics the highly polyanionic extracellular cartilage matrix still remains a great challenge. The main aim of this study is to present the synthesis of dendritic polyglycerol sulfate (dPGS)‐based in situ forming hydrogels using strain promoted azide‐alkyne cycloaddition reactions. A real time rheological study has been used to characterize the hydrogel properties. The viability of encapsulated human chondrocytes in the different hydrogels are monitored using live‐dead staining. Furthermore, type I and II collagen gene have been analyzed. Hydrogels with elastic moduli ranging from 1 to 5 kPa have been prepared by varying the dPGS amount. The chondrocyte viability in dPGS hydrogels is found to be higher than in pure PEG and alginate‐based hydrogels after 21 d. The higher cell viability in the dPGS engineered hydrogels can be explained by the fact that dPGS can interact with different proteins responsible for cell growth and proliferation.image
Evaluation of the gap filler radar as an implementation of the 1.5 km CAPPI data in Korea
Authors: Yoo Chulsang , Yoon Jungsoo , Kim Jungho , Ro Yonghun 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTThis study evaluated the gap filler radar as an implementation of the 1.5 km CAPPI (constant altitude plan position indicator) data in Korea. The use of the 1.5 km CAPPI data was an inevitable choice, given the topography of the Korean Peninsula and the location of the radar. However, there still exists a significant portion of beam blockage, and thus there has been debate about the need to introduce the gap filler radar (or, the gap‐filler). This study evaluated the possible benefits of introducing gap‐fillers over the Korean Peninsula. As a first step, the radar data error was quantified by G/R ratio and root mean square error (RMSE), and the radar data over the Korean Peninsula were evaluated. The gap‐fillers were then located where the error was high, and their effect was then evaluated by the decrease in the G/R ratio and RMSE. The mean values of the G/R ratio and RMSE of the 1.5 km CAPPI data over the Korean Peninsula were estimated to be about 2.5 and 4.5 mm h–1, respectively. Even after the mean‐field bias correction, the RMSE of the 1.5 km CAPPI data was not decreased and mostly remained very high, around 4.4 mm h–1. Unfortunately, the effect of the gap‐filler on the 1.5 km CAPPI data was also found to be very small, just 1–2%. However, the gap‐filler could be beneficial, if the lowest elevation angle data were used instead of the 1.5 km CAPPI data. The effect of five gap‐fillers could be up to 7% decrease in RMSE.