bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating dense water volume and its evolution for the year 2012–2013 in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea: An observing system simulation experiment approach
Authors: Waldman Robin , Somot Samuel , Herrmann Marine , Testor Pierre , Estournel Claude , Sevault Florence , Prieur Louis , Mortier Laurent , Coppola Laurent , Taillandier Vincent , Conan Pascal , Dausse Denis 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe Northwestern Mediterranean (NWMed) Sea includes one of the best observed ocean deep convection sites in the World. An observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) is developed to provide a methodology for estimating observing network errors. It is applied to quantify dense water volumes in the NWMed during 2012–2013 with their observation error from MOOSE network. Results from the OSSE show low spatiotemporal sampling errors, which confirms MOOSE network ability to measure dense waters. However, results are highly sensitive to instrumental stability. The dense water volume is then estimated in observations from four ship cruises between summers 2012 and 2013. A large seasonal cycle is found, maximal in spring 2013 and dominated by the area west of 6.5°E. The dense water volume (
) is stable between summer 2012 (
) and winter 2013 (
). It increases dramatically in spring 2013 (
) due to an intense convective event, and it finally decreases rapidly in summer 2013 (
) due to restratification and spreading. We estimate an open‐sea dense water formation (DWF) rate of
between summer 2012 and spring 2013 over the studied area, extrapolated to
over the whole NWMed Sea and for the optimal timing. This is to our knowledge the highest measured DWF rate, suggesting winter 2013 was exceptionally convective. The observed restratification rate between spring and summer 2013 is
. This study provides robust quantifications of deep convection during an exceptional event that will allow to evaluate numerical simulations.
Bu4NI‐Catalyzed and tBuOOH‐Oxidized Esterification of Aldehydes with Alkyl Halides in Water
Authors: Wang Qian‐Qian , Wang Zhang‐Xin , Xu Yuan‐Shuang , Zhang Xin‐Ying , Fan Xue‐Sen 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe importance of esters has stimulated significant efforts to develop efficient methods for their synthesis. In this study, an oxidative esterification of aldehydes with alkyl halides by using tert‐butyl hydroperoxide as an oxidant, Bu4NI as catalyst, and water as solvent is presented. Notably, this novel esterification protocol is suitable for both aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes, primary and secondary alkyl halides to give ester products with broad structural diversity. Through an intramolecular version of this novel esterification process, an alternative synthetic approach toward the biologically interesting isobenzofuran‐1(3 H)‐one was also realized. Compared with literature procedures, the synthetic strategies developed herein showed advantages such as direct use of commercially available and economical starting materials, wide substrate scope, good tolerance of functional groups, sustainable oxidant, and no need of an inert atmosphere or dry solvents.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of Cyclopenta[c]furans by a Catalytic Multicomponent Reaction
Authors: Pathipati Stalin R. , van der Werf Angela , Eriksson Lars , Selander Nicklas 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA diastereoselective three‐component reaction between alkynyl enones, aldehydes and secondary amines is reported. With the aid of a benign indium catalyst, a range of highly substituted cyclopenta[c]furan derivatives can be obtained in a single‐step procedure. The formation of the stereodefined heterocyclic motifs takes place via in situ generation of enamines followed by two sequential cyclization steps.
A low cost field‐survey method for mapping seagrasses and their potential threats: an example from the northern Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea
Authors: Winters Gidon , Edelist Dor , Shem‐Tov Rachamim , Beer Sven , Rilov Gil 
Published: August 2016

Abstract1. In the Gulf of Aqaba (GoA), coral reefs are considered the dominating ecosystem, while seagrass meadows, recognized worldwide as important ecosystems, have received little attention. Absence of comprehensive seagrass maps limits awareness, evaluations of associated ecosystem services, and implementation of conservation and management tools.2. Presented here are the first detailed maps of seagrass meadows along the Israeli coast of the northern GoA. Mapping was performed by snorkelling along transects perpendicular to the shore above meadows growing at 15–25 m. Measurements along these transects included position, meadow depth and visual estimations of seagrass cover. Shallow boundaries of meadows, parallel to shore, were recorded by GPS tracking. Supplementary work included drop‐camera boat surveys to determine the position of the deeper edge of meadows. In addition, GIS layers were created that indicated shoreline infrastructures, near‐shore human activities and potential pollution threats. Ecosystem services of seagrass meadows mapped were valuated using a benefit transfer approach.3. In total, 9.7 km of the 11 km shoreline were surveyed and 2830 data points collected. Seagrasses were growing along 7.5 km of the shoreline, with shallow (15–25 m) meadows found to cover an area of 707 000 m2 and valued at more than US$ 2 000 000 yr‐1 in associated ecosystem services. Pilot drop‐camera surveys (additional 283 data points) indicated that meadows can extend down to 50 m in some places. Coastal uses and threats varied in character and location. A municipality runoff point and drainage canal located close to the largest meadow were identified as the main threats to local seagrasses.4. These low‐cost methods enhance our understanding of seagrass distribution in the northern GoA. They demonstrate a GIS‐based tool for assessing how environmental changes might affect the cover and state of seagrasses, improving efforts to conserve seagrass, and have particular relevance to seagrass mapping in developing countries and/or island nations.Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PPII Helical Peptidomimetics Templated by Cation–π Interactions
Authors: Craven Timothy W. , Bonneau Richard , Kirshenbaum Kent 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPoly‐proline type II (PPII) helical PXXP motifs are the recognition elements for a variety of protein–protein interactions that are critical for cellular signaling. Despite development of protocols for locking peptides into α‐helical and β‐strand conformations, there remains a lack of analogous methods for generating mimics of PPII helical structures. We describe herein a strategy to enforce PPII helical secondary structure in the 19‐residue TrpPlexus miniature protein. Through sequence variation, we showed that a network of cation–π interactions could drive the formation of PPII helical conformations for both peptide and N‐substituted glycine peptoid residues. The achievement of chemically diverse PPII helical scaffolds provides a new route towards discovering peptidomimetic inhibitors of protein–protein interactions mediated by PXXP motifs.
An Electrochemical Method for the Detection of Disease‐Specific Exosomes
Authors: Yadav Sharda , Boriachek Kseniia , Islam Md Nazmul , Lobb Richard , Möller Andreas , Hill Michelle M. , Hossain Md Shahriar Al , Nguyen Nam‐Trung , Shiddiky Muhammad J. A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractExosomes are cell‐derived vesicles secreted by both normal and cancerous cells into the extracellular matrix and in blood circulation. Tumor‐derived exosomes have attracted increasing attention in noninvasive cancer diagnosis and prognosis. However, their effective capture and specific detection pose significant technical challenges. Current detection methods largely fail to quantify the tumor‐derived exosomes present in the total (bulk) exosome population derived from body fluids of cancer patients. In this proof‐of‐concept study, we report an electrochemical detection method to directly quantify the disease‐specific exosomes present in cell culture media. The assay has a two‐step design, where bulk exosome populations are initially captured by using a generic antibody (i.e. tetraspanin biomarker, CD9). Subsequent detection of the cancer‐specific exosomes within the captured exosomes was carried out by using a cancer‐specific antibody, in this case, a human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER‐2) antibody, allowing quantification of HER2‐postive, breast‐cancer‐derived exosomes. This approach exhibits excellent specificity for HER‐2(+) BT‐474 cell‐derived exosomes (detection limit, 4.7×105 exosomes μL−1) with a relative standard deviation of <4.9 % (n=3). We suggest that this simple and inexpensive electrochemical method could be an alternative for the quantification of exosome subpopulations in specific disease settings for future clinical bioassays.
Eye‐Catching Dual‐Fluorescent Dynamic Metal–Organic Framework Senses Traces of Water: Experimental Findings and Theoretical Correlation
Authors: Bhattacharya Biswajit , Halder Arijit , Paul Lopa , Chakrabarti Swapan , Ghoshal Debajyoti 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA guest‐dependent dynamic fivefold interpenetrated 3D porous metal–organic framework (MOF) of ZnII ions has been synthesized that exhibits selective carbon dioxide adsorption. Furthermore, the MOF shows excellent luminescence behavior, which is supported by a systematic study on the guest‐responsive multicolor emission of a suspension of the MOF. The dual‐emission behavior arises from the excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), and the compound also shows remarkable potential to detect traces of water in various organic solvents. The experimental observations were also painstakingly authenticated by using time‐dependent density‐functional‐theory (DFT) calculations.
Gold‐Catalyzed Fluorination–Hydration: Synthesis of α‐Fluorobenzofuranones from 2‐Alkynylphenol Derivatives
Authors: Wang Qiang , Jiang Yu , Sun Run , Tang Xiang‐Ying , Shi Min 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe AuI‐catalyzed fluorination–hydration of 2‐alkynylphenol derivatives in the presence of Selectfluor [1‐chloromethyl‐4‐fluoro‐1,4‐diazoniabicyclo‐[2.2.2]octane bis(tetrafluoroborate)] has been developed. This method provides straightforward access to α‐fluorobenzofuranones with the construction of C−O, C=O, and C−F bonds in a single step on the basis of an AuI/AuIII redox catalytic cycle. Several control experiments, including the asymmetric variant of this reaction, were also conducted to gain insight into the reaction mechanism.
Stereoselective Ketone Rearrangements with Hypervalent Iodine Reagents
Authors: Malmedy Florence , Wirth Thomas 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe first stereoselective version of an iodine(III)‐mediated rearrangement of arylketones in the presence of orthoesters is described. The reaction products, α‐arylated esters, are very useful intermediates in the synthesis of bioactive compounds such as ibuprofen. With chiral lactic acid‐based iodine(III) reagents product selectivities of up to 73 % ee have been achieved.
Investigations on the Low Temperature Methanation with Pulse Reaction of CO
Authors: Friedland Jens , Turek Thomas , Güttel Robert 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe low temperature methanation via pulse reaction is investigated and the application of data reduction by moment analysis is shown. Pulse experiments were performed in the temperature range from 200 to 270 °C with CO pulses in a diluted H2 gas stream. The appearance and shape of the resulting CH4 signal indicate limiting kinetic processes. The signals are analyzed using a combination of basic methods and moment analysis, which allows condensing data from transient experiments for improved interpretation.
Gene expression analysis of developing cell groups in the pretectal region of Xenopus laevis
Authors: Morona Ruth , Ferran José Luis , Puelles Luis , González Agustín 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTOur previous analysis of progenitor domains in the pretectum of Xenopus revealed three molecularly distinct anteroposterior subdivisions, identified as precommissural (PcP), juxtacommissural (JcP), and commissural (CoP) histogenetic domains (Morona et al. [2011] J Comp Neurol 519:1024–1050). Here we analyzed at later developmental stages the nuclei derived from these areas, attending to their gene expression patterns and histogenesis. Transcription‐factor gene markers were used to selectively map derivatives of each domain: Pax7 and Pax6 (CoP); Foxp1 and Six3 (JcP); and Xiro1, VGlut2, Ebf1, and Ebf3 (PcP). Additional genoarchitectural information was provided by the expression of Gbx2, NPY, Lhx1, and Lhx9. This allowed both unambiguous characterization of the anuran pretectal nuclei with regard to their origin in the three early anteroposterior progenitor domains, and their comparison with counterparts in the chick and mouse pretectum. Our observations demonstrated a molecular conservation, during practically all the stages analyzed, for most of the main markers used to define genoarchitecturally the main derivatives of each pretectal domain. We found molecular evidence to propose homologous derivatives from the CoP (olivary pretectal, parvocellular, and magnocellular posterior commissure and lateral terminal nuclei), JcP (spiriformis lateral and lateral terminal nuclei), and PcP (anterior pretectal nucleus) to those described in avian studies. These results represent significant progress in the comprehension of the diencephalic region of Xenopus and show that the organization of the pretectum possesses many features shared with birds. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:715–752, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ferrocene–Biotin Conjugates: Synthesis, Structure, Cytotoxic Activity and Interaction with Avidin
Authors: Błauż Andrzej , Rychlik Błażej , Makal Anna , Szulc Katarzyna , Strzelczyk Paweł , Bujacz Grzegorz , Zakrzewski Janusz , Woźniak Krzysztof , Plażuk Damian 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFriedel–Crafts acylation of ferrocene with d‐biotin, d‐homobiotin and d‐desthiobiotin gave ferrocenyl ketones. These compounds were diastereoselectively reduced to the corresponding alcohols using (R)‐ and (S)‐Me‐CBS‐oxazaborolidine–borane complexes as reducing agents. The alcohols were further transformed into azido and finally to amino derivatives with retention of configuration, as confirmed by X‐ray crystallography. Ferrocenylbiotin alcohols smoothly underwent dehydration to (E)‐alkenes as the major isomers by heating in diluted acetic acid. The synthesized compounds retained high affinity for avidin. They also exhibited high cytotoxicity toward cancer cells expressing various levels of sodium‐dependent multivitamin transporter (SMVT) in the absence of biotin in the medium, whereas the presence of free biotin decreased their antiproliferative activity. This revealed that these biotin–ferrocene conjugates might be used as biologically active agents against cancer cells, although there was no clear relationship between their cytotoxicity and cellular SMVT level.
Disentangling body image: The relative associations of overvaluation, dissatisfaction, and preoccupation with psychological distress and eating disorder behaviors in male and female adolescents
Authors: Mitchison Deborah , Hay Phillipa , Griffiths Scott , Murray Stuart B. , Bentley Caroline , Gratwick‐Sarll Kassandra , Harrison Carmel , Mond Jonathan 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe distinctiveness and relative clinical significance of overvaluation, dissatisfaction, and preoccupation with body weight/shape remains inconclusive. This study sought to add to the evidence by testing associations between these three body image constructs and indicators of clinical significance.MethodMale and female secondary students (N = 1,666) aged 12–18 years completed a survey that included measures of dissatisfaction with, overvaluation of, and preoccupation with weight/shape, psychological distress, eating disorder behaviors, and basic demographic information. Conditional process analysis was employed to test the independent and mediating effects of overvaluation, dissatisfaction, and preoccupation on distress, dietary restraint, and objective binge eating.ResultsOvervaluation, dissatisfaction, and preoccupation were highly correlated (r = 0.47–0.84). In girls, preoccupation demonstrated the strongest independent and mediating effects on distress, dietary restraint, and binge eating; whereas neither the direct or indirect effects of dissatisfaction on distress and overvaluation on binge eating were significant. Among boys however, the direct and indirect effects of overvaluation, dissatisfaction, and preoccupation on distress and eating disorder behaviors were relatively equal.DiscussionPreoccupation with weight/shape may be particularly clinically significant in girls, whereas all constructs of body image disturbance may be equally clinically significant in boys. The findings are consistent with the view that these constructs, while closely related, are distinct. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:118–126)
Could the Extended Trading of CSI 300 Index Futures Facilitate Its Role of Price Discovery?
Authors: Sohn Sungbin , Zhang Xiaofeng 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis study examines the role of extended CSI 300 Index futures trading in price discovery. As a prerequisite for the facilitation of price discovery, we first confirm that extended trading is weak‐form efficient and driven by information. We find that the predictability of futures returns during extended trading on the index's overnight returns is strong and improving. More importantly, compared to the index, its futures price exhibits stronger price leadership, particularly in the early synchronous trading hours. Evidence suggests that extended trading facilitates price discovery at the opening and in the early trading hours of the stock market. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 37:717–740, 2017
Removal of naturally grown human biofilm with an atmospheric pressure plasma jet: An in‐vitro study
Authors: Jablonowski Lukasz , Fricke Katja , Matthes Rutger , Holtfreter Birte , Schlüter Rabea , von Woedtke Thomas , Weltmann Klaus‐Dieter , Kocher Thomas 
Published: August 2016

The removal of biofilm is a prerequisite for a successful treatment of biofilm‐associated diseases. In this study, we compared the feasibility of an atmospheric pressure plasma device with a sonic powered brush to remove naturally grown supragingival biofilm from extracted teeth. Twenty‐four periodontally hopeless teeth were extracted. Argon jet plasma with an oxygen admixture of 1 vol% and a sonically driven brush were used to remove biofilm with application times of 60 s, 180 s and 300 s. The treatment efficiency was assessed with light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The highest biofilm removal rate was observed after an application time of 180 s/300 s with the sonic brush (80.4%/86.2%), plasma (75.5%/89.0%). These observations were confirmed by SEM. According to XPS analysis, plasma treatment decreased the amount of carbon and nitrogen, indicative of an extensive removal of proteins. Plasma treatment of naturally grown biofilm resulted in an effective cleaning of the tooth surface and was comparable to mechanical treatment. Treatment time had a significant influence on plaque reduction. These results showed that plasma could be a useful adjuvant treatment modality in cases where biofilm removal or reduction plays a decisive role, such as periodontitis and peri‐implantitis.
Plasma‐treated biofilm on an extracted tooth.magnified imagePlasma‐treated biofilm on an extracted tooth.
Dosage Adjustments Related to Young or Old Age and Organ Impairment
Authors: Burris James F. , Tortorici Michael A. , Mandic Maja , Neely Michael , Reed Michael D. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDifferences in physiology related to young or old age and/or organ system impairment alter the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of many medications and consequently their effectiveness and toxicity. This module discusses common alterations in medication use and dosage that are required in the pediatric age group, in the elderly, and in patients with renal or hepatic disease.
Modelling of wireless power transfer links based on capacitive coupling
Authors: Dionigi Marco , Mongiardo Mauro , Monti Giuseppina , Perfetti Renzo 
Published: August 2016

SummaryBy using network theory, a wireless power transfer network based on coupled capacitance, that is, on electric field coupling, is numerically investigated. Three possible solutions of interest are considered: one that maximizes efficiency, one that maximizes the power delivered to the load and one that realizes power matching (conjugate matching). In each case, at a selected frequency, the optimal source/load impedances are derived in closed form. It is shown that maximum efficiency solution has the possibility of achieving almost unitary efficiency. It is also shown that, as the efficiency is increased, the power delivered to the load is decreased. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal and single frequency counter‐current ultrasound pretreatments of sodium caseinate: enzymolysis kinetics and thermodynamics, amino acids composition, molecular weight distribution and antioxidant peptides
Authors: Abdualrahman Mohammed Adam Y , Ma Haile , Zhou Cunshan , Yagoub Abu ElGasim A , Hu Jiali , Yang Xue 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDDue to the disadvantages of traditional enzymolysis, pretreatments are crucial to enhance protein enzymolysis. Enzymolysis kinetics and thermodynamics, amino acids composition, molecular weight distribution, fluorescence spectroscopy and antioxidant activity of thermal (HT) and single frequency counter‐current ultrasound (SCFU) pretreated sodium caseinate (NaCas) were studied.RESULTSEnzymolysis of untreated NaCas (control) improved significantly (P < 0.05) by SFCU and followed by HT. Values of the Michaelis–Menten constant (KM) of SFCU and HT were 0.0212 and 0.0250, respectively. HT and SFCU increased (P < 0.05) the reaction rate constant (k) by 38.64 and 90.91%, respectively at 298 K. k values decreased with increasing temperature. The initial activation energy (46.39 kJ mol−1) reduced (P < 0.05) by HT (39.66 kJ mol−1) and further by SFCU (33.42 kJ mol−1). SFCU‐pretreated NaCas hydrolysates had the highest contents of hydrophobic, aromatic, positively and negatively charged amino acids. Medium‐sized peptides (5000–1000 Da) are higher in SFCU (78.11%) than HT and the control. SFCU induced molecular unfolding of NaCas proteins. Accordingly, SFCU‐pretreated NaCas hydrolysate exhibited the highest scavenging activity on DPPH and hydroxyl radicals, reducing power, and iron chelating ability.CONCLUSIONSFCU pretreatment would be a useful tool for production of bioactive peptides from NaCas hydrolysate. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry