bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship among unawareness of memory impairment, depression, and dementia in older adults with memory impairment inSingapore
Authors: Liu Jianlin , Abdin Edimansyah , Vaingankar Janhavi A. , Shafie Saleha B. , Jeyagurunathan Anitha , Shahwan Shazana , Magadi Harish , Ng Li Ling , Chong Siow Ann , Subramaniam Mythily 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundPrevious research has studied the relationships among unawareness of memory impairment, depression, and dementia in older adults with severe dementia, but it has not considered the associations and clinical implications at earlier stages of memory impairment. This study therefore sought to examine the relationship among unawareness of memory impairment, depression, and dementia in older adults with memory impairment inSingapore.MethodsThe participants were 751 older adults with memory impairment inSingapore. They were assessed for objective and subjective memory loss, depression, and dementia severity. Participants’ subjective memory loss was determined based on a self‐appraisal question on memory, and their objective memory loss was calculated based on their performance on three cognitive tasks. Unawareness was assessed based on the contrast between subjective and objective memory loss.ResultsDescriptive statistics revealed a high prevalence of unawareness (80.4%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that gender and marital status were significantly associated with unawareness.Men (odds ratio (OR) = 2.5) and those who were divorced or separated (OR = 23.0) were more likely to be unaware than women and those who were married, respectively. After chronic conditions and demographic characteristics were controlled for, multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that older adults with depression were less likely (OR = 0.2) to be unaware than those without depression. Unawareness was also related with dementia severity; older adults with questionable (OR = 0.3) and mild dementia (OR = 0.4) were less likely to be unaware than someone without dementia.ConclusionUnawareness of memory impairment was common among older adults with memory impairment. However, unawareness may be the result of denial as a strategy for coping with memory loss of which the older adult is aware. Psychological care should be integrated into the overall treatment management of dementia to mitigate the possible risk of depression while increasing individual awareness of memory loss.
Emotional reactivity and regulation in individuals with psychopathic traits: Evidence for a disconnect between neurophysiology and self‐report
Authors: Ellis Jennifer D. , Schroder Hans S. , Patrick Christopher J. , Moser Jason S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIndividuals with psychopathic traits often demonstrate blunted reactivity to negative emotional stimuli. However, it is not yet clear whether these individuals also have difficulty regulating their emotional responses to negative stimuli. To address this question, participants with varying levels of psychopathic traits (indexed by the Triarchic Measure of Psychopathy; Patrick, 2010) completed a task in which they passively viewed, increased, or decreased their emotions to negative picture stimuli while electrocortical activity was recorded. During passive viewing of negative images, higher boldness, but not higher disinhibition or meanness, was associated with reduced amplitude of the late positive potential (LPP), an ERP that indexes reactivity to emotionally relevant stimuli. However, all participants demonstrated expected enhancement of the LPP when asked to increase their emotional response. Participants did not show expected suppression of the LPP when asked to decrease their emotional response. Contrary to the electrophysiological data, individuals with higher boldness did not self‐report experiencing blunted emotional response during passive viewing trials, and they reported experiencing greater emotional reactivity relative to other participants when regulating (e.g., both increasing and decreasing) their emotions. Results suggest inconsistency between physiological and self‐report indices of emotion among high‐bold individuals during both affective processing and regulation.
Risk Perception and Risk Talk: The Case of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Radiation Risk
Authors: Kusumi Takashi , Hirayama Rumi , Kashima Yoshihisa 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIndividuals’ perceptions and their interpersonal communication about a risk event, or risk talk, can play a significant role in the formation of societal responses to the risk event. As they formulate their risk opinions and speak to others, risk information can circulate through their social networks and contribute to the construction of their risk information environment. In the present study, Japanese citizens’ risk perception and risk talk were examined in the context of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear radiation risk. We hypothesized and found that the risk information environment and risk literacy (i.e., competencies to understand and use risk information) interact to influence their risk perception and risk talk. In particular, risk literacy tends to stabilize people's risk perceptions and their risk communications. Nevertheless, there were some subtle differences between risk perception and communication, suggesting the importance of further examination of interpersonal risk communication and its role in the societal responses to risk events.
TTN genotype is associated with fascicle length and marathon running performance
Authors: Stebbings G. K. , Williams A. G. , Herbert A. J. , Lockey S. J. , Heffernan S. M. , Erskine R. M. , Morse C. I. , Day S. H. 
Published: June 2017

Titin provides a molecular blueprint for muscle sarcomere assembly, and sarcomere length can vary according to titin isoform expression. If variations in sarcomere length influence muscle fascicle length, this may provide an advantage for running performance. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the titin (TTN) rs10497520 polymorphism was associated with muscle fascicle length in recreationally active men (RA; n=137) and marathon personal best time in male marathon runners (MR; n=141). Fascicle length of the vastus lateralis was assessed in vivo using B‐mode ultrasonography at 50% of muscle length in RA. All participants provided either a whole blood, saliva or buccal cell sample, from which DNA was isolated and genotyped using real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Vastus lateralis fascicle length was 10.4% longer in CC homozygotes, those carrying two copies of the C‐allele, than CT heterozygotes (P=.003) in RA. In the absence of any TT homozygotes, reflective of the low T‐allele frequency within Caucasian populations, it is unclear whether fascicle length for this group would have been smaller still. No differences in genotype frequency between the RA and MR groups were observed (P=.500), although within the MR group, the T‐allele carriers demonstrated marathon personal best times 2 minutes 25 seconds faster than CC homozygotes (P=.020). These results suggest that the T‐allele at rs10497520 in the TTN gene is associated with shorter skeletal muscle fascicle length and conveys an advantage for marathon running performance in habitually trained men.
Adverse life events, cardiovascular responses, and sports performance under pressure
Authors: Moore Lee J. , Young Tom , Freeman Paul , Sarkar Mustafa 
Published: June 2017

Research suggests that experiencing a moderate number of adverse life events can benefit future stress responses. This study explored the relationship between adverse life (ie, non‐sport) events and cardiovascular responses to, and performance during, a pressurized sporting task. One hundred participants (64 men, 36 women; Mage=21.94 years, SDage=4.98) reported the number of adverse life events (eg, serious accident or injury) they had encountered before completing a pressurized dart‐throwing task during which performance was recorded. Before the task, participants' demand and resource evaluations and cardiovascular reactivity were assessed. Adverse life events did not impact demand and resource evaluations. However, participants who reported 4‐7 adverse life events displayed cardiovascular responses more reflective of a challenge state (relatively lower total peripheral resistance and/or higher cardiac output) compared to those who reported a lower (<4) or higher (>7) number of events. Furthermore, participants who reported 3‐13 adverse life events outperformed those who reported a lower (<3) or higher (>13) number of events. Supplementary analyses suggested that this relationship might be due to a small number of extreme values. However, after outlier analyses, a significant linear relationship remained suggesting that a higher number of adverse life events facilitated performance. The results suggest that experiencing a moderate to high number of adverse life events might have beneficial effects on subsequent cardiovascular responses and performance under pressure. Practitioners should therefore consider prior brushes with adversity when identifying athletes who are likely to excel during stressful competition.
Is there a link between globalisation and civil conflict?
Authors: Ezcurra Roberto , Manotas Beatriz 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis paper investigates the empirical relationship between globalisation and civil conflict in a sample of 159 countries over the period 1972–2009. To that end, we use a measure of globalisation that distinguishes the social and political dimensions of integration from the economic dimension, thus allowing us to adopt a broader perspective than in most of existing studies. The results show that the inclusion of country fixed effects removes the statistical association between the degree of integration with the rest of the world and the incidence of internal conflict. We present instrumental variables estimates that also show no causal effect of globalisation on civil conflict. These findings do not depend either on the specific dimension of globalisation considered or the measure of conflict used in the analysis. Likewise, the absence of a relationship between globalisation and civil conflict is not driven by countries located in the most conflictive regions in the world.
Macrocytosis secondary to hydroxyurea therapy
Authors: Conrado Francisco O. , Weeden Amy L. , Speas Abbie L. , Leissinger Mary K. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA 10‐year‐old, male neutered Shetland Sheepdog was presented to the University of Florida for evaluation of a well‐granulated mast cell tumor. Hydroxyurea therapy was instituted and serial CBCs showed persistent mild anemia and macrocytosis without a corresponding increase in polychromasia. The dog's MCV increased progressively, reaching its highest value of 100.0 fL after 6 months of treatment, and a diagnosis of macrocytosis associated with hydroxyurea therapy was made. The dog's increase in MCV was prominent, and rapidly decreased after the drug was discontinued, consistent with previous observations in human and canine subjects treated with hydroxyurea. Hydroxyurea is a cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agent used in a variety of conditions in human and veterinary medicine, and megaloblastic changes associated with its use have been described in multiple species. This report shows that hydroxyurea treatment is a differential diagnosis for prominent macrocytosis in dogs in the absence of other signs of erythrocyte regeneration.
Emergence of a Staphylococcus aureus Clone Resistant to Mupirocin and Fusidic Acid Carrying Exotoxin Genes and Causing Mainly Skin Infections
Authors: Doudoulakakis Anastassios , Spiliopoulou Iris , Spyridis Nikolaos , Giormezis Nikolaos , Kopsidas John , Militsopoulou Maria , Lebessi Evangelia , Tsolia Maria 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) caused by mupirocin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
strains have recently increased in number in our settings. We sought to evaluate the characteristics of these cases over a 43-month period. Data for all community-acquired staphylococcal infections caused by mupirocin-resistant strains were retrospectively reviewed. Genes encoding products producing high-level resistance (HLR) to mupirocin (
mupA
), fusidic acid resistance (
fusB
), resistance to macrolides and lincosamides (
ermC
and
ermA
), Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) (
lukS/lukF
-PV), exfoliative toxins (
eta
and
etb
), and fibronectin binding protein A (
fnbA
) were investigated by PCRs in 102 selected preserved strains. Genotyping was performed by SCC
mec
and
agr
typing, whereas clonality was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). A total of 437 cases among 2,137 staphylococcal infections were recorded in 2013 to 2016; they were all SSTIs with the exception of 1 case of primary bacteremia. Impetigo was the predominant clinical entity (371 cases [84.9%]), followed by staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (21 cases [4.8%]), and there were no abscesses. The number of infections detected annually increased during the study years. All except 3 isolates were methicillin susceptible. The rates of HLR to mupirocin and constitutive resistance to clindamycin were 99% and 20.1%, respectively. Among the 102 tested strains, 100 (98%) were
mupA
positive and 97 (95%) were
fusB
positive, 26/27 clindamycin-resistant strains (96.3%) were
ermA
positive, 83 strains (81.4%) were
lukS/lukF
positive, 95 (93%) carried both
eta
and
etb
genes, and 99 (97%) were
fnbA
positive. Genotyping of methicillin-sensitive
S. aureus
(MSSA) strains revealed that 96/99 (96.7%) belonged to one main pulsotype, pulsotype 1, classified as sequence type 121 (ST121). The emergence of a single MSSA clone (ST121) causing impetigo was documented. Resistance to topical antimicrobials and a rich toxinogenic profile confer to this clone adaptability for spread in the community.
Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Utilizes and Manipulates RNA N
6
-Adenosine Methylation To Promote Lytic Replication
Authors: Ye Fengchun , Chen E. Ricky , Nilsen Timothy W. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

N
6
-adenosine methylation (m
6
A) is the most common posttranscriptional RNA modification in mammalian cells. We found that most transcripts encoded by the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) genome undergo m
6
A modification. The levels of m
6
A-modified mRNAs increased substantially upon stimulation for lytic replication. The blockage of m
6
A inhibited splicing of the pre-mRNA encoding the replication transcription activator (RTA), a key KSHV lytic switch protein, and halted viral lytic replication. We identified several m
6
A sites in RTA pre-mRNA crucial for splicing through interactions with YTH domain containing 1 (YTHDC1), an m
6
A nuclear reader protein, in conjunction with serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3) and SRSF10. Interestingly, RTA induced m
6
A and enhanced its own pre-mRNA splicing. Our results not only demonstrate an essential role of m
6
A in regulating RTA pre-mRNA splicing but also suggest that KSHV has evolved a mechanism to manipulate the host m
6
A machinery to its advantage in promoting lytic replication.

IMPORTANCE
KSHV productive lytic replication plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of Kaposi's sarcoma tumors. Previous studies suggested that the KSHV switch from latency to lytic replication is primarily controlled at the chromatin level through histone and DNA modifications. The present work reports for the first time that KSHV genome-encoded mRNAs undergo m
6
A modification, which represents a new mechanism at the posttranscriptional level in the control of viral replication.
Use of a Recombinant Gamma-2 Herpesvirus Vaccine Vector against Dengue Virus in Rhesus Monkeys
Authors: Bischof Georg F. , Magnani Diogo M. , Ricciardi Michael , Shin Young C. , Domingues Aline , Bailey Varian K. , Gonzalez-Nieto Lucas , Rakasz Eva G. , Watkins David I. , Desrosiers Ronald C. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTResearch on vaccine approaches that can provide long-term protection against dengue virus infection is needed. Here we describe the construction, immunogenicity, and preliminary information on the protective capacity of recombinant, replication-competent rhesus monkey rhadinovirus (RRV), a persisting herpesvirus. One RRV construct expressed nonstructural protein 5 (NS5), while a second recombinant expressed a soluble variant of the E protein (E85) of dengue virus 2 (DENV2). Four rhesus macaques received a single vaccination with a mixture of both recombinant RRVs and were subsequently challenged 19 weeks later with 1 × 105PFU of DENV2. During the vaccine phase, plasma of all vaccinated monkeys showed neutralizing activity against DENV2. Cellular immune responses against NS5 were also elicited, as evidenced by major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) tetramer staining in the one vaccinated monkey that wasMamu-A*01positive. Unlike two of two unvaccinated controls, two of the four vaccinated monkeys showed no detectable viral RNA sequences in plasma after challenge. One of these two monkeys also showed no anamnestic increases in antibody levels following challenge and thus appeared to be protected against the acquisition of DENV2 following high-dose challenge. Continued study will be needed to evaluate the performance of herpesviral and other persisting vectors for achieving long-term protection against dengue virus infection.IMPORTANCEContinuing studies of vaccine approaches against dengue virus (DENV) infection are warranted, particularly ones that may provide long-term immunity against all four serotypes. Here we investigated whether recombinant rhesus monkey rhadinovirus (RRV) could be used as a vaccine against DENV2 infection in rhesus monkeys. Upon vaccination, all animals generated antibodies capable of neutralizing DENV2. Two of four vaccinated monkeys showed no detectable viral RNA after subsequent high-dose DENV2 challenge at 19 weeks postvaccination. Furthermore, one of these vaccinated monkeys appeared to be protected against the acquisition of DENV2 infection on the basis of undetectable viral loads and the lack of an anamnestic antibody response. These findings underscore the potential utility of recombinant herpesviruses as vaccine vectors.
The influence of multisite pain and psychological comorbidity on prognosis of chronic low back pain: longitudinal data from the Norwegian HUNT Study
Authors: Nordstoga Anne Lovise , Nilsen Tom Ivar Lund , Vasseljen Ottar , Unsgaard-Tøndel Monica , Mork Paul Jarle 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the prospective influence of multisite pain, depression, anxiety, self-rated health and pain-related disability on recovery from chronic low back pain (LBP).SettingThe data is derived from the second (1995–1997) and third (2006–2008) wave of the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) in Norway.ParticipantsThe study population comprises 4484 women and 3039 men in the Norwegian HUNT Study who reported chronic LBP at baseline in 1995–1997.Primary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was recovery from chronic LBP at the 11-year follow-up. Persons not reporting pain and/or stiffness for at least three consecutive months during the last year were defined as recovered. A Poisson regression model was used to estimate adjusted risk ratios (RRs) with 95% CIs.ResultsAt follow-up, 1822 (40.6%) women and 1578 (51.9%) men reported recovery from chronic LBP. The probability of recovery was inversely associated with number of pain sites (P-trend<0.001). Compared with reporting 2–3 pain sites, persons with only LBP had a slightly higher probability of recovery (RR 1.10, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.22 in women and RR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.21 in men), whereas people reporting 6–9 pain sites had substantially lower probability of recovery (RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.63 in women and RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.79 in men). Poor/not so good self-rated general health, symptoms of anxiety and depression, and pain-related disability in work and leisure were all associated with reduced probability of recovery, but there was no statistical interaction between multisite pain and these comorbidities.ConclusionsIncreasing number of pain sites was inversely associated with recovery from chronic LBP. In addition, factors such as poor self-rated health, psychological symptoms and pain-related disability may further reduce the probability of recovery from chronic LBP.
d-dimensional orthogonal polynomials: Commutator theorem and other results
Authors: Accardi Luigi , Dhahri Abdallah 
Published: June 2017

We give new and simplified proofs of three basic theorems in the theory of orthogonal polynomials associated to a classical, [Formula: see text]-valued random variable [Formula: see text] with all moments, namely: (1) The characterization of [Formula: see text] in terms of commutators among the creation–annihilation–preservation (CAP) operators in its quantum decomposition. (2) The characterization, in terms of the same objects, of the fact that the distribution of [Formula: see text] is a product measure. (3) The equivalence of the symmetry of [Formula: see text] with the vanishing of the associated preservation operator. Our new formulation of these results allows one to obtain a stronger form of the above statements.
Sickness and Cure in Plautus’ Curculio
Authors: Philippides Katerina 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn contrast to previous scholarship, this paper argues that Plautus’ use of a cook as a dream interpreter inCurculioshould not necessarily be viewed as unsuccessful. Regardless of any putative Greek influence, it is evident that the Cook goes well beyond the bounds of his strictly defined stock role; he is artfully incorporated into the theme of sickness and cure traced out in the first half of the play, given that other characters also participate as actual or metaphorical patients and doctors. Such a theme fits a plot which calls for a sanctuary of Aesculapius in the center of the stage.
Are Multiple Tropical Cyclone Events Similar among Basins?
Authors: Schenkel Benjamin A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe present study intercompares multiple tropical cyclone event (MTCE) characteristics among each global tropical cyclone (TC) basin using best-track data. Specific focus is placed on examining the number of MTCEs and TCs during MTCEs, the zonal distance between TCs during MTCEs, and the spatiotemporal separation between genesis events during MTCEs. The results suggest that the ratio of MTCEs relative to single TCs is substantially higher in the eastern North Pacific (ENP), western North Pacific (WNP), and south Indian Ocean (SI) basins compared to the North Atlantic (NA) and South Pacific (SP). The prolific nature of ENP, WNP, and SI MTCE activity results in approximately half of TCs occurring during MTCEs. During new TC genesis, the majority of preexisting TCs are generally located westward at a consistent zonal distance from new TC genesis for MTCEs within each basin with median values between −1620 and −1961 km. TC-induced Rossby wave dispersion may set this zonal length scale as implied by its moderate-to-strong correlations (R = 0.38–0.85; p < 0.05) with the shallow-water zonal wavelength of TC-induced stationary Rossby waves. A substantial majority of TC genesis events occur progressively eastward during ENP, WNP, and SP MTCEs, whereas NA and SI MTCEs exhibit no such tendency. Last, the temporal separation between the genesis of preexisting and new TCs is generally similar among basins with median values between 3 and 4 days. Together, these results are indicative of unusual similarity in MTCE characteristics among basins despite differences in environmental and TC characteristics in each basin.