bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Une hégémonie compétitive contre vents et marées : les élections générales de 2015 en Tanzanie et à Zanzibar
Authors: Fouéré Marie-Aude , Maingraud-Martinaud Cyrielle 
Published: March 2016

En Tanzanie, pour la cinquième fois depuis le retour au multipartisme, les élections générales d’octobre 2015 ont abouti à une nette victoire de l’ancien parti unique, le CCM (Parti de la Révolution). Le parti au pouvoir a su surmonter ses divisions internes, rendre son candidat à la présidentielle populaire en activant les ressorts de la moralité politique, en jouant les atouts du patronage, de la cooptation et du quadrillage de la population et, enfin, en utilisant à son profit le système institutionnel et électoral pour assurer sa reconduction. À Zanzibar, cependant, c’est un pouvoir vacillant qui se dévoile dans le recours à des pratiques autoritaires pour empêcher la victoire de l’opposition : depuis l’annulation de ses élections, l’archipel est plongé dans une crise dont l’issue est encore incertaine.
Potential for semiochemical-based monitoring of the pea leaf weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on field pea (Fabaceae) in the Canadian Prairie Provinces
Authors: Evenden M.L. , Whitehouse C.M. , St. Onge A. , Vanderark L. , Lafontaine J.-P. , Meers S. , Cárcamo H.A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe pea leaf weevil, Sitona lineatus (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is an important pest of field peas, Pisum sativum Linnaeus (Fabaceae), and faba beans, Vicia faba Linnaeus (Fabaceae), that has recently become established in the Prairie Provinces of Canada. Male pea leaf weevils produce an aggregation pheromone, 4-methyl-3,5-heptanedione, in the spring when overwintered weevils migrate to fields to feed and mate. The current study tests the attractiveness of the aggregation pheromone with and without synthetic bean volatiles to pea leaf weevils in the spring and in the fall when weevils seek perennial legumes to feed and overwinter. Modified Leggett traps similar to those used in Europe did not retain weevils in this study. Aggregation pheromone-baited pitfall traps caught male and female weevils in the spring and fall. Weevils were not attracted to traps baited with three bean volatiles, (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, and linalool. Bean volatiles did enhance response to pheromone, but only in the fall. Weevils were captured in most semiochemical-baited traps in a 1:1 sex ratio, but female-biased catch in control traps might indicate greater activity of females in the trap vicinity. This study lays the groundwork for semiochemical-based monitoring to detect pea leaf weevil spread in the Prairie Provinces.
The Dirichlet Problem for the Slab with Entire Data and a Difference Equation for Harmonic Functions
Authors: Khavinson Dmitry , Lundberg Erik , Render Hermann 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIt is shown that the Dirichlet problem for the slab (a, b) × ℝd with entire boundary data has an entire solution. The proof is based on a generalized Schwarz reflection principle. Moreover, it is shown that for a given entire harmonic function g, the inhomogeneous difference equation h(t + 1, y) − h(t, y) = g(t, y) has an entire harmonic solution h.
Quantitative sediment source attribution with compound-specific isotope analysis in a C3 plant-dominated catchment (central Switzerland)
Authors: Alewell Christine , Birkholz Axel , Meusburger Katrin , Schindler Wildhaber Yael , Mabit Lionel 
Published: March 2016

Abstract. As sediment loads impact freshwater systems and infrastructure, their origin in complex landscape systems is of crucial importance for sustainable management of agricultural catchments. We differentiated the sediment source contribution to a lowland river in central Switzerland by using compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA). We found a clear distinction of sediment sources originating from forest and agricultural land use. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to reduce the uncertainty of sediment source attribution in: (i) using compound content (in our case, long-chain fatty acids; FAs) rather than soil organic matter content to transfer δ13C signal of FAs to soil contribution and (ii) restricting the investigation to the long-chain FAs (> C22 : 0) not to introduce errors due to aquatic contributions from algae and microorganisms. Results showed unambiguously that during base flow, agricultural land contributed up to 65 % of the suspended sediments, while forest was the dominant sediment source during high flow. This indicates that connectivity of sediment source areas within the river changes between base and high flow conditions. Uncertainty, which might occur in complex, large-scale studies due to undetected source attribution and/or CSSI signature degradation, is low because of limited data complexity in our study (i.e., two–three sources and two tracers). Our findings are the first published results highlighting (i) significant differences in compound-specific stable isotope (CSSI) signature of sediment sources from land uses dominated by C3 plant cultivation and (ii) the use of these differences to quantify sediment contribution to a small river.
Influence of climate variability on water partitioning and effective energy and mass transfer in a semi-arid critical zone
Authors: Zapata-Rios Xavier , Brooks Paul D. , Troch Peter A. , McIntosh Jennifer , Rasmussen Craig 
Published: March 2016

Abstract. The critical zone (CZ) is the heterogeneous, near-surface layer of the planet that regulates life-sustaining resources. Previous research has demonstrated that a quantification of the influxes of effective energy and mass transfer (EEMT) to the CZ can predict its structure and function. In this study, we quantify how climate variability in the last 3 decades (1984–2012) has affected water availability and the temporal trends in EEMT. This study takes place in the 1200 km2 upper Jemez River basin in northern New Mexico. The analysis of climate, water availability, and EEMT was based on records from two high-elevation SNOTEL stations, PRISM data, catchment-scale discharge, and satellite-derived net primary productivity (MODIS). Results from this study indicated a decreasing trend in water availability, a reduction in forest productivity (4 g C m−2 per 10 mm of reduction in precipitation), and decreasing EEMT (1.2–1.3 MJ m2 decade−1). Although we do not know the timescales of CZ change, these results suggest an upward migration of CZ/ecosystem structure on the order of 100 m decade−1, and that decadal-scale differences in EEMT are similar to the differences between convergent/hydrologically subsidized and planar/divergent landscapes, which have been shown to be very different in vegetation and CZ structure.
Multiscale evaluation of the Standardized Precipitation Index as a groundwater drought indicator
Authors: Kumar Rohini , Musuuza Jude L. , Van Loon Anne F. , Teuling Adriaan J. , Barthel Roland , Ten Broek Jurriaan , Mai Juliane , Samaniego Luis , Attinger Sabine 
Published: March 2016

Abstract. The lack of comprehensive groundwater observations at regional and global scales has promoted the use of alternative proxies and indices to quantify and predict groundwater droughts. Among them, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is commonly used to characterize droughts in different compartments of the hydro-meteorological system. In this study, we explore the suitability of the SPI to characterize local- and regional-scale groundwater droughts using observations at more than 2000 groundwater wells in geologically different areas in Germany and the Netherlands. A multiscale evaluation of the SPI is performed using the station data and their corresponding 0.5° gridded estimates to analyze the local and regional behavior of groundwater droughts, respectively. The standardized anomalies in the groundwater heads (SGI) were correlated against SPIs obtained using different accumulation periods. The accumulation periods to achieve maximum correlation exhibited high spatial variability (ranges 3–36 months) at both scales, leading to the conclusion that an a priori selection of the accumulation period (for computing the SPI) would result in inadequate characterization of groundwater droughts. The application of the uniform accumulation periods over the entire domain significantly reduced the correlation between the SPI and SGI (≈ 21–66 %), indicating the limited applicability of the SPI as a proxy for groundwater droughts even at long accumulation times. Furthermore, the low scores of the hit rate (0.3–0.6) and a high false alarm ratio (0.4–0.7) at the majority of the wells and grid cells demonstrated the low reliability of groundwater drought predictions using the SPI. The findings of this study highlight the pitfalls of using the SPI as a groundwater drought indicator at both local and regional scales, and stress the need for more groundwater observations and accounting for regional hydrogeological characteristics in groundwater drought monitoring.
Commonalities in the English Tort and French Criminal Wrong of Defamation
Authors: Groppo Mathilde 
Published: March 2016

Commonalities in the English Tort and French Criminal Wrong of Defamation
This article considers the extent to which the nature of the regulation – tortious or criminal – influences the substantive content of the rules in England and France. It argues that the English and French regulatory features are the result of path dependence. Consequently, while they have led to substantive differences, they do not prevent the emergence of a shared approach to the wrong.
Recovery of Gram-Positive Cocci and Candida albicans from Peroxygen/Silver-Based Disinfectants
Authors: EISSA MOSTAFA E. , NOUBY AHMED S. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Neutralization method evaluation is an important first step in a disinfectant validation study program. It is also crucial in assessment of the efficiency of microbial recovery media in the presence of a residual biocidal agent. In the present study, four commercially available peroxygen/silver-based disinfectant formulae – intended to be used in a pharmaceutical facility sanitization program – were tested at two dilutions against three Gram-positive cocci and one yeast; Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Kucoria rhizophila (ATCC 9341) and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) and Staphylococcus capitis as an environmental monitoring (EM) isolate sample (identified by miniaturized biochemical identification system). Disinfectants preparation, dilutions and the test procedure were carried on in laboratory under conditions simulating the working environment of 20–25°C and RH% 40–60. In-house made neutralizing broth was mixed with biocidal agents to make two dilutions of each disinfectant forming Peroxygen: neutralizing broth ratios of 1:10 and 1:100 (v/v). Three populations were established and two comparison ratio groups were examined, namely neutralizer efficacy and neutralizer toxicity. Two acceptance criteria were tested. One criterion showed higher rate of neutralization success than the other. S. aureus showed the highest rate of successful microbial recovery from neutralization process. The Disinfectant (Bixco) was exceptionally neutralized at all dilutions with all microorganisms. In conclusion, in-house made neutralizing broth effectively neutralized all disinfectants with all the tested microorganisms at 1:100 (v/v); thus, it can be used in sanitizer validation studies and EM media.
The Functions of Effector Proteins in Yersinia Virulence
Authors: ZHANG LINGLIN , MEI MENG , YU CHAN , SHEN WENWEN , MA LIXIN , HE JIEWANG , YI LI 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Yersinia species are bacterial pathogens that can cause plague and intestinal diseases after invading into human cells through the Three Secretion System (TTSS). The effect of pathogenesis is mediated by Yersinia outer proteins (Yop) and manifested as down-regulation of the cytokine genes expression by inhibiting nuclear factor-κ-gene binding (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. In addition, its pathogenesis can also manipulate the disorder of host innate immune system and cell death such as apoptosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy. Among the Yersinia effector proteins, YopB and YopD assist the injection of other virulence effectors into the host cytoplasm, while YopE, YopH, YopJ, YopO, and YopT target on disrupting host cell signaling pathways in the host cytosols. Many efforts have been applied to reveal that intracellular proteins such as Rho-GTPase, and transmembrane receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) both play critical roles in Yersinia pathogenesis, establishing a connection between the pathogenic process and the signaling response. This review will mainly focus on how the effector proteins of Yersinia modulate the intrinsic signals in host cells and disturb the innate immunity of hosts through TTSS.
Determination of critical flow velocity for tube-bundle with application of numerical investigation method
Authors: Samolysov Alexey , Kaplunov Saveliy , Vales Natalia , Marchevskaya Olga , Dronova Elena 
Published: March 2016

The work is devoted to the creation and application of mathematical models for the most dangerous oscillation excitation mechanisms of tubes and cylindrical form bluff structures in liquid or gas flow, as well as to the creation of efficient computational methods for description of these models. A numerical investigation method of hydrodynamic forces arising from a separated flow and tube-bundle oscillations excited by these forces was developed by the authors. The method is based on the application of created original tube-bundle hydroelastic oscillation excitation in a cross-flow mathematical model. Hydroelastic excitation problem is reduced to the stability analysis of undisturbed state of elastic tubes. Analysis is conducted with the assumption of linearity of the destabilizing forces. On the basis of the mathematical model, the necessary and sufficient condition for the stability, expressed through the dimensionless system parameters (mass, damping, velocity), was obtained. Numerical identification of the linear hydrodynamic connection matrix algorithm for particular tube-bundles was elaborated. Verification of algorithm and programs based on it was performed by results of simulations and available experimental data correlation. A method for determination of a linear hydrodynamic connection matrix for tube-bundles with a regular arrangement of the cross-section was offered. It is based on computation of a relatively small, but sufficient for reliable results, part of the tube-bundle.
Electricity saving in households due to the market liberalization and change in the consumer behaviour
Authors: Bažbauers Gatis , Bariss Uldis , Timma Lelde , Lauka Dace , Blumberga Andra , Blumberga Dagnija 
Published: March 2016

In case of opening the electricity market, various factors interact with each other. Although research has been done on various factors affecting the liberal electricity market, little attention has been paid to studying the dynamic relations between the actors involved in the liberal electricity market and projections on electricity consumption in households. The main aim of the research is to explore both short- and long-term effects on the electricity consumption at liberal market conditions by modelling various development scenarios. The electricity market in operation in Latvia was used as the case study. For the simulation of electricity market liberalization, system dynamics has been chosen. This method can determine electricity savings in case of electricity market opening, because system dynamics allows conducting simulation of complex systems and analysing the obtained data to forecast probability of the development of several scenarios. Obtained results show that cumulative electricity savings in households could reach 560 GWh by the end of 2020 due to the opening of the electricity market, implementation of energy saving measures and other reasons. In case of scenario analysis using the change of consumption behaviour, it was obtained that the cumulative electricity saving could be almost twice as big if the majority of households were guided by the environmental concerns. Although the system dynamics model was based on the Latvian case study, its general application to other countries and electricity markets is also possible.
Neries hidroenergija
Authors: Jablonskis Jonas , Meilutytė-Lukauskienė Diana 
Published: March 2016

Straipsnyje Neries pavyzdžiu tiriama upių tėkmė kaip mechaninės hidroenergijos šaltinis, kurį sudaro potencinė ir kinetinė hidroenergija. Šių hidroenergijų kiekis ir santykis – svarbūs įsisavinant vietinius atsinaujinančius energijos išteklius. Duomenų bazė sudaryta iš 1:25000 mastelio topografiniuose žemėlapiuose pateiktų hidrografinių charakteristikų, kurios atspindi upės nuosėkio laikotarpį. Sudarytos upės tėkmės greičio, pločio, gylio, skerspjūvio ploto ir nuolydžio duomenų eilės, atlikta jų kaitos pagal tėkmę analizė. Neries tėkmės skerspjūviams iš kinetinės ir potencinės energijų atskirai apskaičiuotos galios Pk ir Pp bei jų santykis – Frudo skaičius Ḟr. Tyrimas parodė, kad upės nuosėkio metu esant tėkmės greičiui v = 0,5–0,6 m/s, kinetinė galia siekia 0,34–2,3 % potencinės galios. Manome, kad būtina išsamiau ištirti šalies upių srovės greičius ir gylius, jų hidroenergetinius išteklius.
Lydbranding – En systematisering og karakteristik af litteraturen
Authors: Bonde Anders , Graakjær Nicolai Jørgensgaard 
Published: March 2016

Artiklen har artiklen til hensigt at præsentere en systematisering og karakteristik af litteraturen omhandlende lydbranding. Artiklen demonstrerer overordenet, at der findes meget mere litteratur om lydbranding end hvad man hidtil har kunnet få indtryk af, og artiklen bidrager med at skabe overblik over et ellers broget og diffust emneområde. Mens systematiseringen af litteraturen sigter på kortlægge og danne overblik over eksisterende varianter af lydbrandinglitteratur, så ønsker vi med en karakteristik af litteraturen at kvalificere, hvilke litteraturtyper der findes mindst (og mest) af, og herunder altså at karakterisere, hvilke lydformer, touchpoints og objekter, som bidragene især (ikke) har haft interesse for. Karakteristikken har til hensigt at tilvejebringe grundlag for, at forskere og studerende (sekundært producenter og aftagere) kan finde inspiration og svar på – eller opdage at der endnu ikke findes svar på – diverse spørgs- og gøremål i forhold til lydbranding og måske også lydens kommunikative potentialer mere generelt.
Scènes : ouvertes et restreintes
Authors: Straw Will , Rouleau Jonathan 
Published: March 2016

Cet article soutient que la littérature savante sur l’étude des scènes est marquée par une divergence entre deux façons de les concevoir. Les conceptualisations « ouvertes » de la scène la traite comme une manifestation large de l’urbanité, comme partie intégrante de la théâtralité de la vie urbaine. Une « scène », en ce sens, est engagée dans l’insufflation au sein des citadins des valeurs et protocoles éthiques de l’urbanité. Les conceptions « restreintes » de la scène l’approche en termes de formes d’organisation qui entourent certaines formes culturelles, comme des genres de musique. Cependant, on pourrait imaginer la réconciliation de ces façons de concevoir la scène, chacune ayant généré ses propres traditions de recherche et mobilisant des domaines distincts de l’analyse culturelle. Chacune présuppose aussi différentes façons de penser la visibilité des scènes.
La scène comme nouvelle culture visuelle : entre effervescence urbaine, visibilité et circulation des images numériques
Authors: Zahar Hela , Roberge Jonathan 
Published: March 2016

L’étude des scènes culturelles apparue dans les années quatre-vingt-dix a été rapidement assimilée au champ des popular music studies et ce, dans une volonté de trouver une alternative aux notions de contre- ou de sous-culture. La polysémie et la malléabilité du terme ont ainsi donné lieu à des efforts souvent disparates ayant pour thème la sonorité ou le « son » d’une ville. Or si le son rythme bel et bien l’urbanité et lui donne son effervescence, n’y a-t-il pas lieu également de s’interroger sur la manière dont les images fournissent davantage qu’un simple décor en donnant précisément vie et corps à la ville ? L’objectif de ce texte est de réfléchir au concept de scène à partir d’une focale encore sous-exploitée, à savoir celle des visual cultural studies. Comment l’image devient-elle performative et comment entre-t-elle en scène formant du coup une sorte de surproduction culturelle ? Comment la circulation des images peut-elle engendrer de nouvelles expériences de socialité ? Le propos est illustré à partir de l’étude du Street art et plus particulièrement du calligraffiti à Montréal — mais également dans la manière dont ce dernier trouve échos à Paris, Beyrouth et Tunis. En tant qu’articulation du local, du translocal et du virtuel, cette pratique émergente doit permettre de comprendre comment la circulation et la mise en visibilité des images, dans un contexte contemporain d’hétérogénéité culturelle, d’hybridation artistique et de controverses sociales, peut susciter de nouveaux enjeux et codes politico-culturels.
… ton ciel à la sueur de ton sexe. Pierre Guyotat : le père-totem de l’esclave absolu1
Authors: Cliche Anne Élaine 
Published: March 2016

Cet article s’intéresse au statut totémique des figures qui peuplent les montages prostitutionnels de Guyotat. Le corps supplicié – celui de l’esclave-putain – se fait dans cette oeuvre, et suivant la logique verbale de l’écriture qui l’ouvre à l’infini de ses mutations comme à toutes les figures instables et répétables de l’asservissement et de la subordination, le matériau d’autant plus glorieux qu’il sera livré aux trafics de l’esclavage. Il s’agit de montrer que l’écriture de Guyotat transgresse le tabou de l’inceste qui fonde l’espèce et instaure l’ordre symbolique. Car le dispositif esclavagiste et prostitutionnel des scénographies de cette écriture est mis en place par un sujet impitoyablement asservi à une jouissance absolue. De cette jouissance déterminante, le sujet Guyotat affirme aujourd’hui faire un « chant » qui accède à une autre exigence, celle formulée par la deuxième des dix paroles sinaïtiques et qui concerne l’interdit de céder aux pouvoirs de la représentation : « Tu ne te feras pas d’images. » L’illisibilité de Guyotat trouve dans cet interdit, semble-t-il, sa puissance d’évocation.