bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional resistivity and switching between correlated electronic states in 1T-TaS2
Authors: Svetin Damjan , Vaskivskyi Igor , Brazovskii Serguei , Mihailovic Dragan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractRecent demonstrations of controlled switching between different ordered macroscopic states by impulsive electromagnetic perturbations in complex materials have opened some fundamental questions on the mechanisms responsible for such remarkable behavior. Here we experimentally address the question of whether two-dimensional (2D) Mott physics can be responsible for unusual switching between states of different electronic order in the layered dichalcogenide 1T-TaS2, or it is a result of subtle inter-layer “orbitronic” re-ordering of its stacking structure. We report on in-plane (IP) and out-of-plane (OP) resistance switching by current-pulse injection at low temperatures. Elucidating the controversial theoretical predictions, we also report on measurements of the anisotropy of the electrical resistivity "Equation missing""Equation missing"below room temperature. From the T-dependence of ρ⊥ and ρ||, we surmise that the resistivity is more consistent with collective motion than single particle diffusive or band-like transport. The relaxation dynamics of the metastable state for both IP and OP electron transport are seemingly governed by the same mesoscopic quantum re-ordering process. We conclude that 1T-TaS2 shows resistance switching arising from an interplay of both IP and OP correlations.
Inkjet printing-based volumetric display projecting multiple full-colour 2D patterns
Authors: Hirayama Ryuji , Suzuki Tomotaka , Shimobaba Tomoyoshi , Shiraki Atsushi , Naruse Makoto , Nakayama Hirotaka , Kakue Takashi , Ito Tomoyoshi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn this study, a method to construct a full-colour volumetric display is presented using a commercially available inkjet printer. Photoreactive luminescence materials are minutely and automatically printed as the volume elements, and volumetric displays are constructed with high resolution using easy-to-fabricate means that exploit inkjet printing technologies. The results experimentally demonstrate the first prototype of an inkjet printing-based volumetric display composed of multiple layers of transparent films that yield a full-colour three-dimensional (3D) image. Moreover, we propose a design algorithm with 3D structures that provide multiple different 2D full-colour patterns when viewed from different directions and experimentally demonstrate prototypes. It is considered that these types of 3D volumetric structures and their fabrication methods based on widely deployed existing printing technologies can be utilised as novel information display devices and systems, including digital signage, media art, entertainment and security.
Effects of A One-week Fasting Therapy in Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome – A Randomized Controlled Explorative Study
Authors: Li Chenying , Sadraie Badri , Steckhan Nico , Kessler Christian , Stange Rainer , Jeitler Michael , Michalsen Andreas 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThere is increasing experimental evidence for beneficial effects of calorie restriction and intermittent fasting in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In humans, prolonged fasting is established as a health-promoting complementary treatment in Europe and claimed to improve metabolism by a complex hormetic response. We aimed to investigate effects of a one-week fasting period compared to usual care in T2DM by means of a pilot trial. Patients with manifest T2DM medically treated with oral hypoglycemic agents and/or insulin were randomly assigned to a 7-day fasting program followed by dietary advice or to usual care and dietary advice only. Fasting was performed according to the method of Buchinger with a nutritional energy intake of 300kcal/day by liquids only and stepwise re-introduction of solid food thereafter. Outcomes were assessed baseline and after 4 months. Of 46 enrolled participants, 32 (n=16 each group) completed the trial and were included for final analyses. Fasting was well accepted, there were no serious adverse events. After 4 months mean weight decreased by 3.5 kg and 2.0 kg in the fasting vs. control group (p=0.03) paralleled by greater reduction of abdominal circumference (p=0.001). Fasting led to a significant decrease of systolic/diastolic blood pressure (p=0.01; p=0.003) and increased quality-of-life (p=0.04), while for HbA1c, insulin and HOMA-index only non-significant improvements were observed. Results of this study suggest that prolonged fasting is feasible and might have beneficial clinical effects. The effectiveness of fasting should be proved in larger confirmatory trials that include intermittent fasting in follow-ups to enable more pronounced and long-term effects.
EFSUMB Guidelines and Recommendations on the Clinical Use of Liver Ultrasound Elastography, Update 2017 (Short Version)
Authors: Dietrich Christoph , Bamber Jeffrey , Berzigotti Annalisa , Bota Simona , Cantisani Vito , Castera Laurent , Cosgrove David , Ferraioli Giovanna , Friedrich-Rust Mireen , Gilja Odd , Goertz Ruediger , Karlas Thomas , de Knegt Robert , de Ledinghen Victor , Piscaglia Fabio , Procopet Bogdan , Saftoiu Adrian , Sidhu Paul , Sporea Ioan , Thiele Maja 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe present here the first update of the 2013 EFSUMB (European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology) Guidelines and Recommendations on the clinical use of elastography with a focus on the assessment of diffuse liver disease. The short version provides clinical information about the practical use of elastography equipment and interpretation of results in the assessment of diffuse liver disease and analyzes the main findings based on published studies, stressing the evidence from meta-analyses. The role of elastography in different etiologies of liver disease and in several clinical scenarios is also discussed. All of the recommendations are judged with regard to their evidence-based strength according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence. This updated document is intended to act as a reference and to provide a practical guide for both beginners and advanced clinical users.
Pressure dependence of viscosity in supercooled water and a unified approach for thermodynamic and dynamic anomalies of water
Authors: Singh Lokendra P. , Issenmann Bruno , Caupin Frédéric 
Published: April 2017

Significance
Commuting during rush hours teaches us that the denser the crowd, the slower the motion. Liquids follow this law, except water below ambient temperature: Increasing density decreases viscosity! This anomaly witnesses the progressive breaking of the hydrogen bond network in water. Because this network develops upon cooling, dramatic effects of pressure on viscosity are expected in water supercooled below its freezing point. However, no data were hitherto available under these extreme conditions. Using a time-of-flight viscometer, we provide viscosity data down to −29 °C and up to 3,000 atmospheres, revealing that pressure can reduce viscosity by nearly one half. We propose a model that treats water as a mixture of two species, and explains its thermodynamic and dynamic properties.
High-throughput, low-loss, low-cost, and label-free cell separation using electrophysiology-activated cell enrichment
Authors: Faraghat Shabnam A. , Hoettges Kai F. , Steinbach Max K. , van der Veen Daan R. , Brackenbury William J. , Henslee Erin A. , Labeed Fatima H. , Hughes Michael P. 
Published: April 2017

Significance
Cell separation is a fundamental process in biomedicine, but is presently complicated, cumbersome, and expensive. We present a technique that can sort cells at a rate equivalent to or faster than gold-standard techniques such as fluorescence- and magnetic-activated cell sorting, but can do it label-free and with very low cell loss. The system uses dielectrophoresis to sort cells electrostatically, using an electrode chip that eschews microfabrication in favor of a laminate drilled with 397 electrode-bearing wells. This high level of parallelization makes the system immune to the bubbles that limit labs-on-chip, while also increasing capacity and throughput to levels comparable with high-throughput FACS and MACS, whereas the chip is cheap enough to be disposable, preventing interseparation contamination.
Justifying the jihad
Authors: Clifton Jonathan 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Islamic terrorism is arguably the biggest threat that western democracies are now facing. Using Membership Categorisation Analysis as a research methodology and transcripts of the recordings of the negotiations between law enforcement agencies and Mohammed Merah, a self-professed Islamic terrorist, the purpose of this paper is to analyse how an Islamic terrorist accounts for committing terrorist attacks. Taking an ethnomethodological stance, the analyses are rooted in Merah’s own practical reasoning, made visible through his identity work and the way in which he accounts for his actions and renders them intelligible as an act of Islamic terror. Findings indicate that Merah’s identity work points to a dichotomous (us and them) version of a religious and political world order in which an imagined de-territorialised Muslim community (the ummah) is being defended against the aggression of western democracies. Defence of this imagined community justifies global terrorist attacks against the enemies of Islam.
MOST-visualization: software for producing automated textbook-style maps of genome-scale metabolic networks
Authors: Kelley James J , Maor Shay , Kim Min Kyung , Lane Anatoliy , Lun Desmond S 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Summary
Visualization of metabolites, reactions and pathways in genome-scale metabolic networks (GEMs) can assist in understanding cellular metabolism. Three attributes are desirable in software used for visualizing GEMs: (i) automation, since GEMs can be quite large; (ii) production of understandable maps that provide ease in identification of pathways, reactions and metabolites; and (iii) visualization of the entire network to show how pathways are interconnected. No software currently exists for visualizing GEMs that satisfies all three characteristics, but MOST-Visualization, an extension of the software package MOST (Metabolic Optimization and Simulation Tool), satisfies (i), and by using a pre-drawn overview map of metabolism based on the Roche map satisfies (ii) and comes close to satisfying (iii).

Availability and Implementation
MOST is distributed for free on the GNU General Public License. The software and full documentation are available at http://most.ccib.rutgers.edu/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Cervical Spine Deformity—Part 1: Biomechanics, Radiographic Parameters, and Classification
Authors: Tan Lee A. , Riew K. Daniel , Traynelis Vincent C. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Cervical spine deformities can have a significant negative impact on the quality of life by causing pain, myelopathy, radiculopathy, sensorimotor deficits, as well as inability to maintain horizontal gaze in severe cases. Many different surgical options exist for operative management of cervical spine deformities. However, selecting the correct approach that ensures the optimal clinical outcome can be challenging and is often controversial. We aim to provide an overview of cervical spine deformity in a 3-part series covering topics including the biomechanics, radiographic parameters, classification, treatment algorithms, surgical techniques, clinical outcome, and complication avoidance with a review of pertinent literature.
Effects of Hypercapnia and Hypercapnic Acidosis on Hospital Mortality in Mechanically Ventilated Patients*
Authors: Tiruvoipati Ravindranath , Pilcher David , Buscher Hergen , Botha John , Bailey Michael 
Published: April 2017

Objectives:
Lung-protective ventilation is used to prevent further lung injury in patients on invasive mechanical ventilation. However, lung-protective ventilation can cause hypercapnia and hypercapnic acidosis. There are no large clinical studies evaluating the effects of hypercapnia and hypercapnic acidosis in patients requiring mechanical ventilation.

Design:
Multicenter, binational, retrospective study aimed to assess the impact of compensated hypercapnia and hypercapnic acidosis in patients receiving mechanical ventilation.

Settings:
Data were extracted from the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Centre for Outcome and Resource Evaluation Adult Patient Database over a 14-year period where 171 ICUs contributed deidentified data.

Patients:
Patients were classified into three groups based on a combination of pH and carbon dioxide levels (normocapnia and normal pH, compensated hypercapnia [normal pH with elevated carbon dioxide], and hypercapnic acidosis) during the first 24 hours of ICU stay. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent association of hypercapnia and hypercapnic acidosis with hospital mortality.

Interventions:
Nil.

Measurements and Main Results:
A total of 252,812 patients (normocapnia and normal pH, 110,104; compensated hypercapnia, 20,463; and hypercapnic acidosis, 122,245) were included in analysis. Patients with compensated hypercapnia and hypercapnic acidosis had higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III scores (49.2 vs 53.2 vs 68.6; p < 0.01). The mortality was higher in hypercapnic acidosis patients when compared with other groups, with the lowest mortality in patients with normocapnia and normal pH. After adjusting for severity of illness, the adjusted odds ratio for hospital mortality was higher in hypercapnic acidosis patients (odds ratio, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.62–1.88) and compensated hypercapnia (odds ratio, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.10–1.26) when compared with patients with normocapnia and normal pH (p < 0.001). In patients with hypercapnic acidosis, the mortality increased with increasing Pco
2 until 65 mm Hg after which the mortality plateaued.

Conclusions:
Hypercapnic acidosis during the first 24 hours of intensive care admission is more strongly associated with increased hospital mortality than compensated hypercapnia or normocapnia.
Neurocognitive Correlates of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Children Born at Extremely Low Gestational Age
Authors: Scott Megan N. , Hunter Scott J. , Joseph Robert M. , O'Shea Thomas Michael , Hooper Stephen R. , Allred Elizabeth N. , Leviton Alan , Kuban Karl 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Compared with children born near term, those born extremely preterm (EP) are at much higher risk for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Little information is available about differences in neuropsychological outcomes among EP children with and without ADHD. Our analyses aimed to evaluate the neuropsychological correlates of ADHD symptoms in extremely low gestational age newborns (ELGANs).

Methods:
We obtained Child Symptom Inventory-4 reports from parents (n = 871) and teachers (n = 634) of 10-year-old children born before the 28th week of gestation. Participants completed standardized assessments of neurocognitive and academic functioning.

Results:
In the total sample, children who screened positive for ADHD symptoms were at increased risk for neurocognitive limitations. These associations were weaker when the sample was limited to those with intelligence quotient (IQ) ≥70 or ≥85. Even those with IQ ≥85 who screened positive for ADHD symptoms were more likely than their peers to have deficits on the DAS-II Working Memory Cluster and the NEPSY-II Auditory Response subtest. The risks for impaired academic performance (Z ≤ −1) on components of the WIAT-III were 2-to-3 times higher in this group than among ELGANs not classified as having ADHD symptoms.

Conclusion:
Among children born EP, those with ADHD symptoms are more likely to have global neurocognitive impairment. When IQ is within normal limits, ADHD symptoms are associated with deficits in executive functioning skills. These findings highlight a group at risk for executive functioning deficits and related academic difficulties, even in the absence of intellectual disability.
New Insights Into the Lipid Layer of the Tear Film and Meibomian Glands
Authors: Arita Reiko , Fukuoka Shima , Morishige Naoyuki 
Published: April 2017

Abstract:
Meibomian glands secrete lipids (meibum) that form the surface lipid layer of the tear film and thereby prevent excessive evaporation of tear fluid. Meibomian gland dysfunction is a major cause of evaporative dry eye, which is more prevalent than aqueous-deficient dry eye. Noninvasive meibography with infrared light and an infrared charge-coupled device camera can detect morphological changes of meibomian glands in both upper and lower eyelids, whereas tear interferometry allows qualitative and quantitative evaluations of the lipid layer of the tear film. Such assessment of meibomian gland morphology provides clinical information that contributes to the diagnosis of evaporative dry eye, whereas that of the lipid layer of the tear film allows the monitoring of meibomian gland function. In addition, the balance between the lipid and aqueous layers of the tear film revealed by tear interferometry has provided both support for the operation of a compensatory system that maintains tear film homeostasis as well as insight into the pathophysiology of dry eye.
Intraoperative S-Stamp Enabled Rescue of 3 Inverted Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Grafts
Authors: Veldman Peter B. , Mayko Zachary M. , Straiko Michael D. , Terry Mark A. 
Published: April 2017

Purpose:
To report the clinical outcomes of 3 Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) grafts, in which an upside down DMEK graft orientation was discovered after SF6 gas insufflation of the anterior chamber and the orientation was then corrected intraoperatively.

Methods:
A total of 371 consecutive DMEK cases using an S-stamp were analyzed and found to include 3 cases in which the DMEK graft was initially elevated with SF6 gas in an upside down orientation, as demonstrated intraoperatively by the S-stamp. In each case, the graft was immediately manipulated into the proper orientation and the rescued case completed using our standard technique. The postoperative complications of these cases were reported and the percentage of endothelial cell loss at 6 months was compared with that of cases in this series without this rare intraoperative complication.

Results:
All 3 rescued grafts achieved successful recipient corneal clearance and improved vision for the patient. There was no graft failure, rebubble, or rejection in these 3 cases. The average 6-month endothelial cell loss in the 3 initially inverted grafts was 51%, 58.3%, and 67% compared with 31.6% (SD ± 17.4%) in the series at large.

Conclusions:
Incorporation of a stromal-sided S-stamp has been previously shown to reduce the risk of iatrogenic primary graft failure through the prevention of upside down graft implantation. In these 3 instances, although the stamp did not prevent initial upside down graft elevation, it did allow the surgeon to immediately recognize this rare problem, correct it intraoperatively, and prevent iatrogenic graft failure in each case.
Clinical Validation of a Sound Processor Upgrade in Direct Acoustic Cochlear Implant Subjects
Authors: Kludt Eugen , D’hondt Christiane , Lenarz Thomas , Maier Hannes 
Published: April 2017

Objective:
The objectives of the investigation were to evaluate the effect of a sound processor upgrade on the speech reception threshold in noise and to collect long-term safety and efficacy data after 2½ to 5 years of device use of direct acoustic cochlear implant (DACI) recipients.

Study Design:
The study was designed as a mono-centric, prospective clinical trial.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
Fifteen patients implanted with a direct acoustic cochlear implant.

Intervention:
Upgrade with a newer generation of sound processor.

Main Outcome Measures:
Speech recognition test in quiet and in noise, pure tone thresholds, subject-reported outcome measures.

Results:
The speech recognition in quiet and in noise is superior after the sound processor upgrade and stable after long-term use of the direct acoustic cochlear implant. The bone conduction thresholds did not decrease significantly after long-term high level stimulation.

Conclusions:
The new sound processor for the DACI system provides significant benefits for DACI users for speech recognition in both quiet and noise. Especially the noise program with the use of directional microphones (Zoom) allows DACI patients to have much less difficulty when having conversations in noisy environments. Furthermore, the study confirms that the benefits of the sound processor upgrade are available to the DACI recipients even after several years of experience with a legacy sound processor. Finally, our study demonstrates that the DACI system is a safe and effective long-term therapy.
Spectacle Compliance among Adolescents: A Qualitative Study from Southern India
Authors: Narayanan Anuradha , Kumar Shuba , Ramani Krishna Kumar 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To understand the perceptions of adolescents and their parents about spectacle compliance of adolescents in Southern India.

Methods
Using a qualitative snapshot design, three focus group discussions were conducted each with parents and adolescents studying in schools located in and around Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Purposive sampling technique was used in the selection of participants. Separate focus group guides were developed for parents and adolescents. All focus group discussions were conducted in the school premises and audio recorded. These audio files were then transcribed verbatim and then translated into English. A framework analytical approach was used for data analysis that involved gaining familiarity with the data to identify a thematic framework.

Results
Two major themes that emerged were (1) perceptions on barriers to spectacle compliance that was further subdivided into physical, psychological, and societal barriers; and (2) solutions to improve spectacle use. Barriers identified included scars on the nose, unattractive frames contributing to poor appeal, adolescents feeling discriminated and set apart, fears of injury to eyes, lack of parental involvement, and negative attitudes of society toward those wearing spectacles. Solutions given by the stakeholders included provision of lightweight, well-fitting, trendy frames of adolescents’ choice, importance and need for periodical eye examinations, including teachers in encouraging spectacle use and preventing bullying and teasing by other adolescents, provision of free spectacles along with periodic replacement, and inclusion of awareness sessions on spectacle use for both parents and adolescents.

Conclusions
The study has identified both barriers and solutions for improving spectacle compliance among school adolescents from the viewpoint of the stakeholders involved. Implementing the solutions suggested by the stakeholders through planned intervention programs could possibly help in ensuring better compliance of spectacle use among school adolescents.