bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of polytrauma management‐quality inspection of a newly introduced course concept
Authors: Gräff Ingo , Ghamari Shahab , Schacher Sylvia , Glien Procula , Fimmers Rolf , Baehner Torsten , Kim Se‐Chan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesA systematic literature search for training course concepts for care of severely injured and severely ill patients respecting improvement of process and outcome yielded little data. For several years, the University Hospital of Bonn has hosted a shock‐room management course which, on the one hand, communicates human factor aspects and, on the other hand, pursues interdisciplinary and interprofessional team training. The Bonn shock‐room management course (BSM‐course®) differs from other courses in both format and principles. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of the structure of the course based on course evaluations of participants and its impact on the quality of the process and results for polytrauma care.MethodsSingle‐center retrospective evaluation study (2011 to 2014). It was based on data from simulator training and records from the German Trauma Registry (DGU)®.ResultsSubjective evaluation of participants (n = 188) of the structure quality of Bonn's shock‐room management course was overall positive. Objective measures of course participant performance also improved during simulation training (P = 0.012). An increasing number of trained employees also had a positive influence in reducing process time for shock‐room care. Further, the course likewise had a positive impact on documentation quality (degree of completion), with regard to 4 relevant predictive parameters. Early mortality during the first 24 hours remained constant at 6.0‐6.5% between 2011 and 2013, yet it decreased to 3.1% in 2014.ConclusionThe BSM‐course® represents a symbiosis of horizontal team approach of trauma care and human factor training. The course format is able to ensure interdisciplinary and interprofessional team training with a high degree of efficiency. Furthermore, the presented work shows that a modern course concept can improve the quality of trauma care.
Phylogenetic placement of Yunnanopilia (Opiliaceae) inferred from molecular and morphological data
Authors: Yang Liu , Yang Guan‐Song , Ma Hai‐Ying , Wang Yue‐Hua , Shen Shi‐Kang 
Published: September 2017

AbstractYunnanopilia longistaminea (W.Z. Li) C.Y. Wu & D.Z. Li, which is a controversial species in Opiliaceae, is treated as a variety of Champereia manillana (Blume) Merrill in the Flora of China and morphological analysis has produced conflicting results regarding its affinity to Melientha and Champereia. To determine the systematic position of Yunnanopilia in Opiliaceae, we selected two nuclear regions (internal transcribed spacer [ITS4‐ITS5] and 18S rDNA) and four chloroplast regions (rbcL, matK, psbA‐trnH, and trnS‐trnG) to test the phylogenetics of the family Opiliaceae using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analysis. Morphological characteristics were also examined to clarify the similarities and differences among Y. longistaminea and two closely related species. Agonandra was located at the basal position in the family Opiliaceae; in the large clade including other remaining genera, two main clades were clearly identified and correlated with inflorescence morphological characteristics. All samples of Y. longistaminea formed a clade. Yunnanopilia, Melientha, and Champereia were more closely related than other genera of Opiliaceae. Yunnanopilia longistaminea was sister to M. suavis Pierre and was more closely related to M. suavis than to C. manillana. Morphological analysis also showed that differences in the inflorescences and flowers between Y. longistaminea and M. suavis were substantial enough to warrant the retention of Y. longistaminea in its current genus. Thus, we suggest that the monotypic Yunnanopilia be treated as a distinct genus and that the name Y. longistaminea should be adopted.
Impact of pork collagen superfine powder on rheological and texture properties of Harbin red sausage
Authors: Wang Wenhang , Wang Xiao , Zhao Wenping , Gao Guixian , Zhang Xiaowei , Wang Yabin , Wang Yanan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIt is a challenge for producers to looking for excellent filler to satisfy the required qualities of high grade meat products such as Harbin red sausage in China. Four collagen superfine powders (CSPs) from pig skin with different heating pretreatments, named as T0 (non‐heating), T1 (at 60C for 20 min), T2 (at 80C for 20 min), T3 (at 120C for 10 min), respectively, at various concentrations (1, 3, 5 wt %) were added to the sausage and their impact on sausage properties was investigated. Rheological results showed that addition of CSPs especially T2 increased the elastic modulus (G′) of sausage, indicating the enhanced stabilization of meat batter due to formation of a coherent protein network. Furthermore, as the content of CSPs increased, the values of hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, and chewiness of the CSP‐added sausages increased from texture profile analysis. Meantime, it was observed that appropriate preheating (i.e., lower than 80C for 20 min) benefited the texture profile of the sausages. With adding these CSPs, the cooking loss decreased, the values of L* and a* decreased while b* value of the sausages increased. SEM images illustrated that the CSP‐added sausage was more compact and homogenous compared to the control. Also, the organoleptic evaluation results showed that the sensory properties of Harbin red sausage added CSP were the same as the control group. In conclusion, CSPs provide the potential to be used as a filler and textural modifier available for Harbin red sausage.Practical applicationsPig skin has cheap price, and easy to get. Pig skin‐derived CSPs provide the potential to be used as a good filler and textured modifier available for high quality meat products, including Harbin red sausage.
The pathophysiology of arterial vasodilatation and hyperdynamic circulation in cirrhosis
Authors: Møller Søren , Bendtsen Flemming 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPatients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension often develop complications from a variety of organ systems leading to a multiple organ failure. The combination of liver failure and portal hypertension results in a hyperdynamic circulatory state partly owing to simultaneous splanchnic and peripheral arterial vasodilatation. Increases in circulatory vasodilators are believed to be due to portosystemic shunting and bacterial translocation leading to redistribution of the blood volume with central hypovolemia. Portal hypertension per se and increased splanchnic blood flow are mainly responsible for the development and perpetuation of the hyperdynamic circulation and the associated changes in cardiovascular function with development of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy, autonomic dysfunction and renal dysfunction as part of a cardiorenal syndrome. Several of the cardiovascular changes are reversible after liver transplantation and point to the pathophysiological significance of portal hypertension. In this paper, we aimed to review current knowledge on the pathophysiology of arterial vasodilatation and the hyperdynamic circulation in cirrhosis.
Complications, symptoms, quality of life and pregnancy in cholestatic liver disease
Authors: Zakharia Kais , Tabibian Anilga , Lindor Keith D. , Tabibian James H. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCholestatic liver diseases (CLDs) encompass a variety of disorders of bile formation and/or flow which generally result in progressive hepatobiliary injury and ultimately end‐stage liver disease. Many patients with CLD are diagnosed between the ages of 20‐50 years, a particularly productive period of life professionally, biologically and in other respects; it is not surprising, thus, that CLD is often associated with impaired health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) and uncertainty regarding implications for and outcomes of pregnancy. Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) are the most prominent CLDs, both having considerable morbidity and mortality and representing major indications for liver transplantation. These disorders, as a consequence of their complications (eg ascites, hepatic osteodystrophy), associated conditions (eg inflammatory bowel disease) and symptoms (eg pruritus and fatigue), can significantly impair an array of domains of HRQOL. Here we review these impactful clinical aspects of PSC and PBC as well as the topics of fertility and pregnancy.
Effects of Surgical Anatomical Correction of Pelvic Anterior Compartment Defect on Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms
Authors: BASER Emre , OZDEMIRCI Safak , UYSAL Dilek , KARAHANOGLU Ertugrul , SIVASLIOGLU Akın 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of surgical anatomical correction on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in patients with a pelvic anterior compartment defect (PACD).MethodsThis prospective study was carried out on 30 women who had stage II‐IV PACD. The women were questioned regarding LUTS symptoms such as urgency, urge incontinence, frequency, hesitancy, abnormal emptying, nocturia and dysuria pre and postoperatively. After a 7‐month follow up, the comparison of LUTS symptoms with respect to their healing, existence or de novo appearance was performed using the McNemar and Bowner and Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests.ResultsFor the repair of ACD, 15, 8 and 7 women were operated on using site‐specific surgery, transvaginal mesh placement and anterior colporrhaphy, respectively. Surgery has significantly improved the LUTS: urgency (100 vs 26.7%, urge incontinence (70 vs 16.7%), frequency (76.7 vs 13.3%), abnormal emptying (56.7 vs 10%), hesitancy (30 vs 6.7%), nocturia (83.3 vs 60%) and dysuria (30 vs 6.7%). The differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe correctional surgery on anterior compartment defects not only maintains the anatomy but also significantly heals the LUTS.
Interplay of classic Exp and specific Vfm quorum sensing systems on the phenotypic features of Dickeya solani strains exhibiting different virulence levels
Authors: Potrykus Marta , Hugouvieux‐Cotte‐Pattat Nicole , Lojkowska Ewa 
Published: September 2017

SummaryBacteria from the genus Dickeya cause severe symptoms on numerous economically important plants. Dickeya solani is the Dickeya species most frequently found on infected potato plants in Europe. D. solani strains from different countries show high genetic homogeneity, but significant differences in their virulence level. Dickeya species possess two quorum sensing (QS) mechanisms: the Exp system based on classic N‐acyl‐homoserine lactone (AHL) signals and a specific system depending on the production and perception of a molecule of unknown structure, Virulence Factor Modulating (VFM). To study the interplay between these two QS systems, five D. solani strains exhibiting different virulence levels were selected. Mutants were constructed by inactivating genes coding for each QS system. Double mutants were obtained by simultaneous inactivation of genes coding for both QS systems. Most of the D. solani mutants showed an attenuation of chicory maceration and a decreased production of plant cell wall‐degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) and motility, but to different degrees depending on the strain. The VFM‐QS system seems to regulate virulence in both D. solani and Dickeya dadantii, but the AHL‐QS system has greater effects in D. solani than in D. dadantii. The inactivation of both QS systems in D. solani did not reveal any additive effect on the tested features. The inactivation of vfm genes generally has a more dominant effect relative to that of exp genes. Thus, VFM‐ and AHL‐QS systems do not work in synergy to modulate the production of diverse virulence factors and the ability to macerate plant tissue.
Estimation of the demand for construction aggregate
Authors: Smith Gary 
Published: September 2017

AbstractQuarry operators and government officials often forecast the long‐run demand for construction aggregate by multiplying the projected population each year by a per capita consumption number, and adding up these annual demand forecasts. This approach is theoretically unjustified and empirically inaccurate. An alternative approach is to estimate the demand for aggregate from the bottom up, based on forecasts of the construction and maintenance of homes, schools, highways, and other projects that use aggregate.Summary for Managers
The long‐run demand for construction aggregate is often forecast using a constant per capita consumption model.
However, this model is fatally flawed, both theoretically and empirically, and should not be used for permitting, planning, or land‐use zoning.
Dual MEK/AKT inhibition with trametinib and GSK2141795 does not yield clinical benefit in metastatic NRAS‐mutant and wild‐type melanoma
Authors: Algazi Alain P. , Esteve‐Puig Rosaura , Nosrati Adi , Hinds Brian , Hobbs‐Muthukumar Adele , Nandoskar Prachi , Ortiz‐Urda Susana , Chapman Paul B. , Daud Adil 
Published: September 2017

SummaryAberrant MAPK and PI3K pathway signaling may drive the malignant phenotype in NRAS‐mutant and BRAFWT NRASWT metastatic melanoma. To target these pathways, NRAS‐mutant and BRAFWT NRASWT patients received oral trametinib at 1.5 mg daily and GSK2141795 at 50 mg daily in a two‐cohort Simon two‐stage design. Participants had adequate end‐organ function and no more than two prior treatment regimens. Imaging assessments were performed at 8‐week intervals. A total of 10 NRAS‐mutant and 10 BRAFWT NRASWT patients were enrolled. No objective responses were noted in either cohort. The median PFS and OS were 2.3 and 4.0 months in the NRAS‐mutant cohort and 2.8 and 3.5 months in the wild‐type cohort. Grade 3 and grade 4 adverse events, primarily rash, were observed in 25% of patients. We conclude that the combination of trametinib and GSK2141795 does not have significant clinical activity in NRAS‐mutant or BRAFWT NRASWT melanoma.
On Structure Testing for Component Covariance Matrices of a High Dimensional Mixture
Authors: Li Weiming , Yao Jianfeng 
Published: September 2017

SummaryBy studying the family of p-dimensional scale mixtures, the paper shows for the first time a non-trivial example where the eigenvalue distribution of the corresponding sample covariance matrix does not converge to the celebrated Marčenko–Pastur law. A different and new limit is found and characterized. The reasons for failure of the Marčenko–Pastur limit in this situation are found to be a strong dependence between the p-co-ordinates of the mixture. Next, we address the problem of testing whether the mixture has a spherical covariance matrix. To analyse the traditional John's-type test we establish a novel and general central limit theorem for linear statistics of eigenvalues of the sample covariance matrix. It is shown that John's test and its recent high dimensional extensions both fail for high dimensional mixtures, precisely because of the different spectral limit above. As a remedy, a new test procedure is constructed afterwards for the sphericity hypothesis. This test is then applied to identify the covariance structure in model-based clustering. It is shown that the test has much higher power than the widely used integrated classification likelihood and Bayesian information criteria in detecting non-spherical component covariance matrices of a high dimensional mixture.
The Informational Role of Prices*
Authors: Mirman Leonard J. , Santugini Marc 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe consider a dominant firm with a competitive fringe in order to investigate the informational role of prices. The fringe is necessary for the existence of a unique, fully revealing equilibrium, in which the price reveals the quality of the good to uninformed buyers. A higher price triggers more sales on the part of the competitive fringe, reducing both residual demand and profits. We find that a larger share of uninformed buyers increases the price and reduces the quantity sold by the dominant firm, but increases the quantity sold by the competitive fringe. This, in turn, reduces consumer surplus and welfare.
Sraffa, Myrdal, and the 1961 Söderström Gold Medal
Authors: Arthmar Rogério , McLure Michael 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we give an account of the awarding of the 1961 Söderström Gold Medal to Piero Sraffa by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien). We highlight the central role that Gunnar Myrdal played in the allocation of this prize to Sraffa and the amicable relationship between these two economists, as well as their views on Ricardian economics. In addition, we provide details of Sraffa's activities in Stockholm, including his attendance at the award ceremony. In our final remarks, we reflect on the significance of the 1961 Söderström Gold Medal for the history of economics as a field of study.
Descartes on Hatred
Authors: Tate Melanie 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis paper examines Descartes’ account of hatred. Descartes holds that individuals should not hate, because hatred separates us from goods, causes sadness, and produces vicious character traits. Although some scholars argue that hatred is necessary to protect the body, I argue that Descartes holds that hatred is not necessary to protect the body, because there are other means of protecting the body that do not involve hatred. I conclude this paper by showing the place of hatred in Descartes’ broader moral theory, especially his emphasis on the wellbeing of the soul and the virtue of generosity.
Attribution of human infections with Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) to livestock sources and identification of source‐specific risk factors, The Netherlands (2010–2014)
Authors: Mughini‐Gras L. , van Pelt W. , van der Voort M. , Heck M. , Friesema I. , Franz E. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryShiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a zoonotic pathogen of public health concern whose sources and transmission routes are difficult to trace. Using a combined source attribution and case–control analysis, we determined the relative contributions of four putative livestock sources (cattle, small ruminants, pigs, poultry) to human STEC infections and their associated dietary, animal contact, temporal and socio‐econo‐demographic risk factors in the Netherlands in 2010/2011–2014. Dutch source data were supplemented with those from other European countries with similar STEC epidemiology. Human STEC infections were attributed to sources using both the modified Dutch model (mDM) and the modified Hald model (mHM) supplied with the same O‐serotyping data. Cattle accounted for 48.6% (mDM) and 53.1% (mHM) of the 1,183 human cases attributed, followed by small ruminants (mDM: 23.5%; mHM: 25.4%), pigs (mDM: 12.5%; mHM: 5.7%) and poultry (mDM: 2.7%; mHM: 3.1%), whereas the sources of the remaining 12.8% of cases could not be attributed. Of the top five O‐serotypes infecting humans, O157, O26, O91 and O103 were mainly attributed to cattle (61%–75%) and O146 to small ruminants (71%–77%). Significant risk factors for human STEC infection as a whole were the consumption of beef, raw/undercooked meat or cured meat/cold cuts. For cattle‐attributed STEC infections, specific risk factors were consuming raw meat spreads and beef. Consuming raw/undercooked or minced meat were risk factors for STEC infections attributed to small ruminants. For STEC infections attributed to pigs, only consuming raw/undercooked meat was significant. Consuming minced meat, raw/undercooked meat or cured meat/cold cuts were associated with poultry‐attributed STEC infections. Consuming raw vegetables was protective for all STEC infections. We concluded that domestic ruminants account for approximately three‐quarters of reported human STEC infections, whereas pigs and poultry play a minor role and that risk factors for human STEC infection vary according to the attributed source.
Fault Detection for Message Passing Systems
Authors: Karaata Mehmet Hakan , Hamdan Ali , Faisal Maha H. , AlShawan Feda A. 
Published: September 2017

Many crucial dependable and secure services including atomic commitment, consensus and group membership, and middleware services (such as replica, communication and transaction services) use fault detectors. Through the use of fault detectors, the overlying service can be exempted from failure treatment and synchronization requirements. Fault detection is essential for proving that the services carried out are correct. In this paper, we first identify the necessary conditions to detect faults in a message passing system where multiple disjoint paths exist between each pair of endpoints. We then present the first fault detection protocol capable of detecting message meta-data modification in the presence of various message interferences in addition to other faults including omission faults, message replay and spurious messages using disjoint paths, where paths with faults are not known a priori. In addition, it authenticates message origins allowing Sybil attacks to be detected, identifies faulty paths, and classifies faults in the presence of multiple messages sent by various system processes. We establish the completeness and soundness properties of the proposed algorithm, i.e., it detects each considered fault and each detected fault is an actual fault, respectively. We also show that our algorithm does not yield a significant packet size and delay overheads. The algorithm shows the viability of the use of disjoint paths in fault detection.
Care Setting Intensity and Outcomes After Emergency Department Presentation Among Patients With Acute Heart Failure
Authors: Goldraich Livia , Austin Peter C. , Zhou Limei , Tu Jack V. , Schull Michael J. , Mak Susanna , Ross Heather J. , Morrow David A. , Lee Douglas S. 
Published: September 2017

Background

Patients with heart failure (
HF
) presenting to the emergency department (
ED
) can be admitted to care settings of different intensity, where the intensive care unit (
ICU
) is the highest intensity, ward admission is intermediate intensity, and those discharged home are of lowest intensity. Despite the costs associated with higher‐intensity care, little is known about disposition decisions and outcomes of
HF
patients treated in different care settings.

Methods and Results

We identified predictors of
ICU
or ward admission and determined whether survival differs in patients admitted to higher‐intensity versus lower‐intensity care settings (ie,
ICU
vs ward, or ward vs
ED
‐discharged). Among 9054 patients (median, 78 years; 51% men) presenting to an
ED
in Ontario, Canada, 1163 were
ICU
‐admitted, 5240 ward‐admitted, and 2651 were
ED
‐discharged. Predictors of
ICU
(vs ward) admission included: use of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (adjusted odds ratio [
OR
], 2.01; 95%
CI
, 1.36–2.98), higher respiratory rate (
OR
, 1.10 per 5 breaths/min; 95%
CI
, 1.05–1.15), and lower oxygen saturation (
OR
, 0.90 per 5%; 95%
CI
, 0.86–0.94; all
P
<0.001). Predictors of ward‐admitted versus
ED
‐discharged were similar. Propensity‐matched analysis comparing lower‐risk
ICU
to ward‐admitted patients demonstrated a nonsignificant trend at 100 days (relative risk [
RR
], 0.69; 95%
CI
, 0.43–1.10;
P
=0.148). At 1 year, however, survival was higher among those initially admitted to
ICU
(
RR
, 0.68; 95%
CI
, 0.49–0.94;
P
=0.022). There was no survival difference among low‐risk ward‐admitted versus
ED
‐discharged patients.

Conclusions
Respiratory factors were associated with admission to higher‐intensity settings. There was no difference in early survival between some lower‐risk patients admitted to higher‐intensity units compared to those treated in lower‐intensity settings.