bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of subtle cognitive manipulations on placebo analgesia – An implicit priming study
Authors: Rosén A. , Yi J. , Kirsch I. , Kaptchuk T.J. , Ingvar M. , Jensen K.B. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundExpectancy is widely accepted as a key contributor to placebo effects. However, it is not known whether non‐conscious expectancies achieved through semantic priming may contribute to placebo analgesia. In this study, we investigated if an implicit priming procedure, where participants were unaware of the intended priming influence, affected placebo analgesia.MethodsIn a double‐blind experiment, healthy participants (n = 36) were randomized to different implicit priming types; one aimed at increasing positive expectations and one neutral control condition. First, pain calibration (thermal) and a credibility demonstration of the placebo analgesic device were performed. In a second step, an independent experimenter administered the priming task; Scrambled Sentence Test. Then, pain sensitivity was assessed while telling participants that the analgesic device was either turned on (placebo) or turned off (baseline). Pain responses were recorded on a 0–100 Numeric Response Scale.ResultsOverall, there was a significant placebo effect (p < 0.001), however, the priming conditions (positive/neutral) did not lead to differences in placebo outcome. Prior experience of pain relief (during initial pain testing) correlated significantly with placebo analgesia (p < 0.001) and explained 34% of placebo variance. Trait neuroticism correlated positively with placebo analgesia (p < 0.05) and explained 21% of placebo variance.ConclusionsPriming is one of many ways to influence behaviour, and non‐conscious activation of positive expectations could theoretically affect placebo analgesia. Yet, we found no SST priming effect on placebo analgesia. Instead, our data point to the significance of prior experience of pain relief, trait neuroticism and social interaction with the treating clinician.SignificanceOur findings challenge the role of semantic priming as a behavioural modifier that may shape expectations of pain relief, and affect placebo analgesia.
Mu and delta opioid receptor knockout mice show increased colonic sensitivity
Authors: Reiss D. , Ceredig R.A. , Secher T. , Boué J. , Barreau F. , Dietrich G. , Gavériaux‐Ruff C. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundOpiates act through opioid receptors to diminish pain. Here, we investigated whether mu (MOR) and delta (DOR) receptor endogenous activity assessed in the whole mouse body or in particular at peripheral receptors on primary nociceptive neurons, control colonic pain.MethodsWe compared global MOR and DOR receptor knockout (KO) mice, mice with a conditional deletion of MOR and DOR in Nav1.8‐positive nociceptive primary afferent neurons (cKO), and control floxed mice of both genders for visceral sensitivity. Visceromotor responses to colorectal distension (CRD) and macroscopic colon scores were recorded on naïve mice and mice with acute colitis induced by 3% dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) for 5 days. Transcript expression for opioid genes and cytokines was measured by quantitative RT‐PCR.ResultsNaïve MOR and DOR global KO mice show increased visceral sensitivity that was not observed in cKO mice. MOR and preproenkephalin (Penk) were the most expressed opioid genes in colon. MOR KO mice had augmented kappa opioid receptor and Tumour‐Necrosis‐Factor‐α and diminished Penk transcript levels while DOR, preprodynorphin and Interleukin‐1β were unchanged. Global MOR KO females had a thicker colon than floxed females. No alteration was detected in DOR mutant animals. A 5‐day DSS treatment led to comparable hypersensitivity in the different mouse lines.ConclusionOur results suggest that mu and delta opioid receptor global endogenous activity but not activity at the peripheral Nav1.8 neurons contribute to visceral sensitivity in naïve mice, and that endogenous MOR and DOR tones were insufficient to elicit analgesia after 5‐day DSS‐induced colitis.SignificanceKnockout mice for mu and delta opioid receptor have augmented colon sensitivity in the CRD assay. It shows endogenous mu and delta opioid analgesia that may be explored as potential targets for alleviating chronic intestinal pain.
Selective Method Based on Electrochemical Detection Coupled HPLC for Determination of the Allergens Atranol and Chloroatranol
Authors: Boeye Griet , Gismera María Jesús , Sevilla María Teresa , Procopio Jesús R. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe electrochemical properties of atranol and chloroatranol have been evaluated in order to use dual detection to develop a simple reverse‐phase high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of these allergens in cosmetic products. For this purpose, a diode‐array detector (DAD) and an electrochemical detector (ECD) operated in amperometric mode and equipped with a wall‐jet cell and a glassy carbon electrode as working electrode have been used. The chromatographic conditions have been optimized and the hydrodynamic curves for both compounds have been obtained. An optimal separation with adequate electrochemical responses have been obtained using a 50 : 50 methanol : 0.2 % phosphoric acid solution as mobile phase. The ECD detection has been performed by applying a potential of 1.15 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Limits of detection of 10 μ L−1 for atranol and 29 μ L−1 for chloroatranol have been achieved using the amperometric detection mode. The proposed methodology has been applied with successful results for the direct determination of both allergens, without pretreatment steps of samples, in different cosmetic products based on hydroalcoholic solutions.
Transforming Latent Utilities to Health Utilities: East Does Not Meet West
Authors: Xie Feng , Pullenayegum Eleanor , Pickard A. Simon , Ramos Goñi Juan Manuel , Jo Min‐woo , Igarashi Ataru 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDiscrete choice experiments (DCEs) are a promising alternative to more resource‐intensive preference elicitation methods such as time trade‐off (TTO), as pairwise comparisons are more amenable to online completion, which can save time and money. However, modeling DCE data produces latent utilities which are on an unknown scale. Therefore, latent utilities need to be transformed to a full health–dead scale before they can be used in quality‐adjusted life year calculations. We aimed to explore transformation functions from DCE‐derived latent utilities to TTO‐derived health utilities. We used EQ‐5D‐5L valuation data from eight different countries that collected both DCE and TTO data by using a standardized protocol. Results found less variation in the function that transformed latent utilities to health utilities in the western countries than in the eastern countries. While a global transformation function is not recommended, results suggest that regional transformation functions could potentially be used to derive health utilities from DCE data. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Goods–Time Elasticity of Substitution in Health Production
Authors: Du Juan , Yagihashi Takeshi 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe examine how inputs for health production, in particular, medical care and health‐enhancing time, are combined to improve health. The estimated elasticity of substitution from a constant elasticity of substitution production function is significantly less than one for the working‐age population, rejecting the unit elasticity of substitution used in previous studies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anti‐biofilm properties of bioactive glasses embedding organic active compounds
Authors: Galarraga‐Vinueza M. E. , Mesquita‐Guimarães J. , Magini R. S. , Souza J. C. M. , Fredel M. C. , Boccaccini A. R. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBioactive glasses (BGs) are promising materials for bone repair due to their desirable properties such as osteoconductivity, biodegradability, angiogenic potential, and antibacterial activity. Ionic dissolution products from bioactive glasses increase the medium pH inhibiting surrounding bacteria proliferation. The activity of BGs against biofilm formation has been enhanced by incorporating organic antibacterial compounds. The aim of this review was to summarize evidence in literature which assesses the efficacy of antibacterial and anti‐biofilm compounds embedded in bioactive glasses to prevent peri‐implant infection during bone healing. A PubMed bibliographical research was carried out including articles published in the last 20 years. Most previous studies evaluated antibacterial efficiency in planktonic cultures but did not investigate biofilm inhibition, underestimating biofilm clinical relevance. Multifactorial features such as biocompatibility of embedded compounds, receptor site characteristics, and drug delivery efficiency have been found to influence the bioactive glass capability of acting both as an anti‐biofilm agent and as a bone repairing biomaterial. Accordingly, further in vitro and in vivo studies are required to select the most promising anti‐biofilm agents which should be incorporated into bioactive glasses to counteract biofilm proliferation, without inducing toxic effects on human cells, and with the added functionality of promoting bone regeneration. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 672–679, 2017.
The clinical, radiological, microbiological, and molecular profile of the skin‐penetration site of transfemoral amputees treated with bone‐anchored prostheses
Authors: Lennerås Maria , Tsikandylakis Georgios , Trobos Margarita , Omar Omar , Vazirisani Forugh , Palmquist Anders , Berlin Örjan , Brånemark Rickard , Thomsen Peter 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe breach of the skin barrier is a critical issue associated with the treatment of individuals with transfemoral amputation (TFA) using osseointegrated, percutaneous titanium implants. Thirty TFA patients scheduled for abutment exchange or removal were consecutively enrolled. The aims were to determine the macroscopic skin signs, the presence of bacteria and the gene expression in abutment‐adherent cells and to conduct correlative and comparative analyses between the different parameters. Redness and a granulation ring were present in 47% of the patients. Bacteria were detected in 27/30 patients, commonly in the bone canal. Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase‐negative staphylococci, streptococci, and Enterococcus faecalis were the most common. A positive correlation was found between TNF‐α expression and the detection of S. aureus. Staphylococcus aureus together with other bacterial species revealed a positive relationship with MMP‐8 expression. A negative correlation was demonstrated between the length of the residual femur bone and the detection of a granulation ring and E. faecalis. A positive correlation was revealed between fixture loosening and pain and the radiological detection of endosteal bone resorption. Fixture loosening was also correlated with the reduced expression of interleukin‐10 and osteocalcin. It is concluded that several relationships exist between clinical, radiological, microbiological, and molecular assessments of the percutaneous area of TFAs. Further long term studies on larger patient cohorts are required to determine the precise cause‐effect relationships and unravel the role of host‐bacteria interactions in the skin, bone canal and on the abutment for the longevity of percutaneous implants as treatment of TFA. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 578–589, 2017.
Preparation and biocompatibility evaluation of pectin and chitosan cryogels for biomedical application
Authors: Konovalova Mariya V. , Markov Pavel A. , Durnev Eugene A. , Kurek Denis V. , Popov Sergey V. , Varlamov Valery P. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractToday, there is a need for the development of biomaterials with novel properties for biomedical purposes. The biocompatibility of materials is a key factor in determining its possible use in biomedicine. In this study, composite cryogels were obtained based on pectin and chitosan using ionic cryotropic gelation. For cryogel preparation, apple pectin (AP), Heracleum L. pectin (HP), and chitosan samples with different physical and chemical characteristics were used. The properties of pectin‐chitosan cryogels were found to depend on the structural features and physicochemical characteristics of the pectin and chitosan within them. The addition of chitosan to cryogels can increase their mechanical strength, cause change in surface morphology, increase the degradation time, and enhance adhesion to biological tissues. Cryogels based on AP were less immunogenic when compared with cryogels from HP. Cryogels based on AP and HP were hemocompatible and the percentage of red blood cells hemolysis was less than 5%. Unlike cryogels based on HP, which exhibited moderate cytotoxicity, cryogels based on AP exhibited light cytotoxicity. Based on the results of low immunogenicity, light cytotoxicity data as well as a low level of hemolysis of composite cryogels based on AP and chitosan are biocompatible and can potentially be used in biomedicine. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 547–556, 2017.
A new pre‐processing algorithm for analog circuit expression and simplification
Authors: Chaharmahali Iman , Asadi Shahrooz , Dousti Massoud 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis paper has proposed a new pre‐processing stage algorithm to enhance the overall performance of current simplification algorithms in analog circuits. This pre‐process stage takes place after the calculation of symbolic transfer function and before the main core of the simplification algorithm. The detailed stages of this pre‐process are completely independent of the main simplification and symbolic transfer function algorithm. As such, the pre‐process algorithm can be easily added to any simplification algorithm to improve the total simplification performance. The use of this command, which is based on the stack decision method, helps the pre‐process algorithm to obtain a high‐process speed. Based on the CPU time simulation results for a transfer function with 139 terms, it is expected to have a total CPU time in the simplification of a 9820 term of about 28 to 30 seconds pulse and 1.2 to 4.9 seconds for the pre‐process algorithm. Finally, a total method, which involves the combination of this pre‐process algorithm with the main simplification algorithm is proposed in, and a CPU time of about 30 to 35 seconds is needed for simplifying a huge transfer function with 9820 terms. The addition of extra pre‐process algorithm to the main simplification algorithm will reduce the total CPU time of simulation from 820 to 35 seconds, indicating a reduction of 95% in the total needed simulation time.
Does the recent warming hiatus exist over Northern Asia for winter wind chill temperature?
Authors: Ma Ying , Mao Rui , Feng Sheng‐Hui , Gong Dao‐Yi , Kim Seong‐Joong 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTWind chill temperature (WCT) describes the joint effect of wind velocity and air temperature on exposed body skin and could support policymakers in designing plans to reduce the risks of notably cold and windy weather. This study examined winter WCT over Northern Asia during 1973–2013 by analysing in situ station data. The winter WCT warming rate over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) slowed during 1999–2013 (−0.04 °C decade−1) compared with that of during 1973–1998 (0.67 °C decade−1). The winter WCT warming hiatus has also been observed in the remainder of Northern Asia with trends of 1.11 °C decade−1 during 1973–1998 but −1.02 °C decade−1 during 1999–2013, except for the Far East (FE) of Russia, where the winter WCT has continued to heat up during both the earlier period of 1973–1998 (0.54 °C decade−1) and the recent period of 1999–2013 (0.75 °C decade−1). The results indicate that the influence of temperature on winter WCT is greater than that of wind speed over Northern Asia. Atmospheric circulation changes associated with air temperature and wind speed were analysed to identify the causes for the warming hiatus of winter WCT over Northern Asia. The distributions of sea‐level pressure and 500‐hPa height anomalies during 1999–2013 transported cold air from the high latitudes to middle latitudes, resulting in low air temperature over Northern Asia except for the FE of Russia. Over the TP, the increase in wind speed offset the increase in air temperature during 1999–2013. For the FE, the southerly wind from the Western Pacific drove the temperature up during the 1999–2013 period through warm advection.
Occurrence of aflatoxin B1 in baby foods marketed in Iran
Authors: Mottaghianpour Ehsan , Nazari Firouzeh , Mehrasbi Mohammad Reza , Hosseini Mir‐Jamal 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDAflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a toxic fungal metabolite that is found in baby foods, can lead to serious complications for children's health. In the present study, 48 commercial baby foods available in the Iranian market were investigated for the presence of AFB1 using a high performance liquid chromatography system that was equipped with post‐column photochemical derivatization and a fluorescence detector.RESULTSThirty‐three out of 48 samples (68.7%) were contaminated with AFB1 at median, maximum and mean concentration levels of 0.11, 15.15 and 2.602 ± 4.065 µg kg−1, respectively. The AFB1 concentration in 39.6% of the samples was higher than the maximum level established in Iran for AFB1 within baby foods containing milk (0.5 µg kg−1). The incidence of AFB1 in rice, wheat and multigrain infant cereal samples was 90%, 25% and 100%, respectively, whereas rice‐based baby foods contained the highest levels of AFB1.CONCLUSIONIn the present study, the finding of both high rates and high levels of AFB1 in cereal baby foods indicates the need to reduce AFB1 contamination in these products. Therefore, further monitoring and control of pre‐ and post‐harvest, storage, and manufacturing processes is required. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Improvement of skin condition by oral administration of collagen hydrolysates in chronologically aged mice
Authors: Wang Zhenbin , Wang Qing , Wang Lin , Xu Weidong , He Yuanqing , Li Yunliang , He Song , Ma Haile 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDCollagen hydrolysates (CHs) have been demonstrated to have positive effects on skin photoaging by topical application or oral ingestion. However, there has been little research on their influence on skin chronological aging. In this study, 9‐month‐old female ICR mice were given normal AIN‐93M diets containing CHs (2.5, 5 and 10% w/w) from Nile tilapia scale.RESULTSAfter 6 months, the collagen content and antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) activities increased significantly (P < 0.05), while the survival rate, viscera indices and contents of moisture, fat and non‐collagenous protein in skin did not change (P > 0.05). The color, luster and quantity of hair were obviously ameliorated. Moreover, the structure of epidermis and dermis, the density and distribution of collagen fibers and the ratio of type I to type III collagen were improved in a dose‐dependent manner as shown by histochemical staining.CONCLUSIONOral ingestion of CHs increased the collagen content and antioxidant enzyme activities and improved the appearance and structure of skin. These results suggest the potential of CHs as an anti‐skin‐aging ingredient in nutraceuticals or functional foods. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Methane dynamics downstream of a temperate run‐of‐the‐river reservoir
Authors: DelSontro Tonya , Perez Karina K. , Sollberger Sébastien , Wehrli Bernhard 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDams impact a significant portion of the world's rivers, and rivers downstream of the reservoirs created by large dams often emit significant amounts of methane (CH4). River CH4 emissions downstream of run‐of‐the‐river (ROR) dams are less well known. We investigated spatial and seasonal CH4 dynamics along a stretch of the Aare River (Switzerland) downstream from a bubbling ROR reservoir. We found that the CH4 horizontally accumulated in this vertically non‐stratifying ROR reservoir was consistently transported to the downstream river, but half was lost near a confluence with a tributary. We estimated CH4 diffusion using gas exchange coefficient (k) models that incorporate specific river characteristics and found CH4 emissions were threefold higher upstream of the confluence than downstream. We discuss the use of CO2‐derived k models in estimating k for CH4, and investigated it directly using a drifting chamber experiment. While chamber emissions only partly agreed with the k models, the models were robust enough to use in a CH4 mass balance along the river that indicated an overall CH4 loss from the study area. The loss predominantly occurred at the confluence and > 92% of it could not be accounted for by modelled or measured CH4 emissions. Ultimately, a ROR reservoir that does not form an anoxic, CH4‐rich hypolimnion enhanced downstream river CH4 emissions, but to a lesser extent than other systems (∼9% of total reservoir‐associated emissions). Regardless, small ROR dams and river features such as confluences should be considered when measuring, estimating or upscaling river CH4 emissions.
Periodic change in coastal microbial community structure associated with submarine groundwater discharge and tidal fluctuation
Authors: Lee Eunhee , Shin Doyun , Hyun Sung Pil , Ko Kyung‐Seok , Moon Hee Sun , Koh Dong‐Chan , Ha Kyoochul , Kim Byung‐Yong 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCoastal areas where submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) occurs are active mixing zones with characteristic biogeochemical and ecological functions. In this study, we investigated the microbial community associated with the changes in groundwater discharge flux at a coastal beach site on Jeju Island, South Korea. We performed water chemistry analyses, 16S rRNA gene‐based pyrosequencing, and microbial community statistical analyses on coastal water samples systematically collected as functions of tidal stage and distance from the groundwater discharge point. We also carried out groundwater level monitoring and numerical simulation of the coastal aquifer to reproduce tidally induced variations in the SGD rates of the study site. Pyrosequencing and statistical analyses revealed a periodic shift in the microbial communities in the coastal waters as functions of tidal stage and SGD rates. Interestingly, the community structures in the samples collected at flood and ebb tide were markedly different, despite the similarities in their water chemistry. Groundwater simulation and canonical correspondence analyses suggest that groundwater discharging at higher velocities at ebb tide can detach and transport subsurface bacteria from the aquifer to the coastal water body, resulting in an increase in facultative anaerobes in the ebb tide samples. In addition, release of the sand‐attached bacteria as a result of particle resuspension and flushing of shallow subsurface bacteria in the intertidal zone could contribute to shaping the relative abundance of the coastal microbial community. We conclude that SGD rate is an important factor influencing the dynamics of the bacterial community structure at the coastal zone of the study site.