bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teaching Introductory Ecology with Problem‐Based Learning
Authors: Burrow Angela K. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe popularity of ecology and historic trends toward larger class sizes have led to an increasing reliance on lecture and content‐driven learning; over‐reliance on these methods is associated with student difficulties in applying knowledge to solve complex environmental problems. Active learning is often cited as a remedy for poor student outcomes. Problem‐based learning, an active‐learning model, emphasizes student‐centered learning through problem‐solving activities driven by the search for problem solutions. This learning model develops critical thinking and problem‐solving skills while simultaneously advancing content knowledge. Problem‐based learning can enhance student knowledge and skill gains in introductory ecology courses; however, this method is rarely implemented in these courses. Adoption of active‐learning models is on the rise; however, instructors unfamiliar with educational theory and active‐learning methods may need support in understanding the efficacy of active learning and selecting a method from the multitude of instructional strategies available. To familiarize ecology instructors with one active‐learning model, problem‐based learning, the theoretical base, and evidence for its efficacy are reviewed. In addition, to assist instructors venturing into problem‐based learning, successful applications are highlighted and selected resources are provided for getting started.
A History of Ecological Research Derived from Titles of Articles in the Journal “Ecology,” 1925–2015
Authors: Gorham Eville , Kelly Julia 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA century‐spanning history of ecological research in North America is apparent in the titles of articles in the journal “Ecology.” Term counts in titles, tracked by text analysis over a century, revealed changes in the amount of attention paid to different subfields of the discipline, the development of new subfields, and increasing interaction with other branches of science. They are also relevant to the concept of progress in ecology.
Neurodegenerative disease biomarkers Aβ1–40, Aβ1–42, tau, and p‐tau181 in the vervet monkey cerebrospinal fluid: Relation to normal aging, genetic influences, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Authors: Chen Jason A. , Fears Scott C. , Jasinska Anna J. , Huang Alden , Al‐Sharif Noor B. , Scheibel Kevin E. , Dyer Thomas D. , Fagan Anne M. , Blangero John , Woods Roger , Jorgensen Matthew J. , Kaplan Jay R. , Freimer Nelson B. , Coppola Giovanni 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe Caribbean vervet monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) is a potentially valuable animal model of neurodegenerative disease. However, the trajectory of aging in vervets and its relationship to human disease is incompletely understood.MethodsTo characterize biomarkers associated with neurodegeneration, we measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of Aβ1–40, Aβ1–42, total tau, and p‐tau181 in 329 members of a multigenerational pedigree. Linkage and genome‐wide association were used to elucidate a genetic contribution to these traits.ResultsAβ1–40 concentrations were significantly correlated with age, brain total surface area, and gray matter thickness. Levels of p‐tau181 were associated with cerebral volume and brain total surface area. Among the measured analytes, only CSF Aβ1–40 was heritable. No significant linkage (LOD > 3.3) was found, though suggestive linkage was highlighted on chromosomes 4 and 12. Genome‐wide association identified a suggestive locus near the chromosome 4 linkage peak.ConclusionsOverall, these results support the vervet as a non‐human primate model of amyloid‐related neurodegeneration, such as Alzheimer's disease and cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and highlight Aβ1–40 and p‐tau181 as potentially valuable biomarkers of these processes.
Venous access closure: From A to Z
Authors: Seth Ashok , Modi Ranjan 
Published: January 2018

Key Points

Points to increasing need for achieving safe and secure closure of femoral venous access site after large caliber venous sheath for after structural interventions.
Emphasizes the role of a simple, easy to learn “Z‐stitch” for achieving femoral vein hemostasis leading to early ambulation.
Cautions and advocates the use of multiple complimentary techniques for venous access closure after extreme large bore devices.
Patient preference: An important emerging factor in operator access site selection
Authors: Chatterjee Arka , Hillegass William B. 
Published: January 2018

Key Points

Patient preference should emerge as a third component influencing radial versus femoral access for cardiac catheterization.
Ideally dually experienced “switch‐operators” will consider co‐morbidities, technical procedural factors, and patient preferences to choose a tailored approach with each patient.
A tailored and tempered three component approach to access selection which includes patient preferences will likely optimize patient‐centered outcomes.
Percutaneous transaxillary access for TAVR: Another opportunity to stay out of the chest
Authors: Rogers Toby , Lederman Robert J. 
Published: January 2018

Key Points

Axillary arteries are less calcified and tortuous than iliofemoral arteries
Axillary artery minimal luminal diameters are usually >5.0 mm even in patients with iliofemoral artery diameters < 5.0 mm
Axillary and transcaval access are the only non‐surgical fully percutaneous options for large‐bore arterial access for TAVR or mechanical circulatory support devices
Retrograde transmitral paravalvular leak closure through an antegrade transseptal approach: A novel technique
Authors: Cubeddu Roberto J. , Crespo Hector J. , Novaro Gian M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMitral paravalvular leak (PVL) remains a well‐known complication after mitral valve replacement. Since the first report over 25 years ago, several catheter‐based PVL closure techniques have been described. Most of these comprise of either an antegrade transseptal approach, or a retrograde transaortic or transapical approach. We herein report a novel percutaneous mitral PVL closure technique that was safely and successfully performed after failed attempt using a conventional antegrade approach.
Aneurysm of the inferior vena cava with thrombosis
Authors: Inoue Masashi , Sudo Takeshi , Yamaguchi Megumi , Seo Shingo , Miyamoto Tatsuya , Misumi Toshihiro , Shimizu Wataru , Irei Toshimitsu , Suzuki Takahisa , Onoe Takashi , Shimizu Yosuke , Hinoi Takao , Tashiro Hirotaka 
Published: January 2018

Key Clinical MessageInferior vena cava (IVC) aneurysms are extremely rare. Patients can be asymptomatic, have thrombosis, rupture, or pulmonary embolism. Thrombosis of the IVC aneurysm may mimic a retroperitoneal tumor. Surgical treatment of abdominal venous aneurysms with thrombosis is warranted and is necessary for the management of intraoperative bleeding and thrombosis.
Transgastric decompression using a newly developed nasojejunal tube in a postgastrostomy patient with adhesive small bowel obstruction
Authors: Nakamura Haruna , Wong Toh Yoon Ezekiel 
Published: January 2018

Key Clinical MessageFor postgastrostomy patients suffering from adhesive small bowel obstruction, transgastric decompression with a multiluminal nasojejunal tube is an effective and more comfortable alternative to conventional nasal tubing using an ileus tube.
CFD simulation of hydrodynamics characteristics in a tank stirred by a hollow self‐inducing impeller
Authors: Li Liangchao , Chen Ning , Xiang Kefeng , Xiang Beiping 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHollow self‐inducing impellers are often used in gas‐liquid stirred tanks in many industrial processes. To understand the hydrodynamics characteristics of this type of stirred tank under aerated and unaerated conditions, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation study was conducted. The predicted gas self‐inducing flow rate, power consumption, and impeller power number were compared with the experimental data in the literature and discussed. Under unaerated conditions, liquid level in the hollow shaft relies on the impeller speed, and is slightly influenced by the impeller clearance. Self‐inducing impeller power number remains almost unchanged with impeller speed, while increasing with the rise of the impeller clearance. Under aerated conditions, gas is easy to accumulate in the centre of the upper and lower circulation loops. Gas self‐inducing flow rate, global gas holdup, and power consumption increase with higher impeller speed. The critical impeller speed for gas self‐induction decreases with higher impeller clearance. At the same impeller speed, gas self‐inducing flow rate and global gas holdup increase, while power consumption reduces with increasing of impeller clearance.
Inside Cover: Upgrading CO2 by Incorporation into Urethanes through Silver‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Stepwise Amidation Reaction (Chin. J. Chem. 2/2018)
Authors: Song Qing‐Wen , Liu Ping , Han Li‐Hua , Zhang Kan , He Liang‐Nian 
Published: January 2018

The inside cover picture shows an outline of significant advances on exhaust gas e.g. sustainable CO2 recycling into urethanes via effective and renewable silver catalysis. Through one‐pot two‐step stepwise reaction of propargylic alcohols, CO2, and various amines, a wide range of urethanes are obtained in excellent yields and selectivity together with unprecedented high TON and TOF value under mild conditions. Here, robust catalyst is compared to Magician's hand for its versatility in organic synthesis, and the picture indicates the meanings of greenness and transformation. More details are discussed in the article by Zhang et al. on page 147–152.
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Inside Back Cover: Fabrication of Neutral Supramolecular Polymeric Films via Post‐electropolymerization of Discrete Metallacycles (Chin. J. Chem. 2/2018)
Authors: Yin Guangqiang , Chen Lijun , Wang Cuihong , Yang Haibo 
Published: January 2018

The inside back cover picture shows the construction of neutral supramolecular polymeric films containing well‐defined metallacycles as the main scaffolds through combination of coordination‐driven self‐assembly with post‐electropolymerization. A new 120° triphenylamine substituted dicarboxylate donor ligand and the complementary 120° triphenylamine functionalized di‐Pt(II) acceptor were employed to build neutral multi‐triphenylamine functionalized 2‐D metallacycles with the well‐defined shape and size via the formation of oxygen‐to‐platinum coordination bonds. Subsequent post‐electropolymerization of the obtained neutral multi‐triphenylamine containing metallacycles allowed for fabrication of a new type of neutral polymeric film with well‐controlled cavity sizes and thickness, which may have potential applications in neutral molecule detection, separation, and capture. More details are discussed in the article by Yang et al. on page 134–138.
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Flow pattern analysis in type B aortic dissection patients after stent‐grafting repair: Comparison between complete and incomplete false lumen thrombosis
Authors: Wan Ab Naim Wan Naimah , Ganesan Poo Balan , Sun Zhonghua , Lei Jing , Jansen Shirley , Hashim Shahrul Amry , Ho Teik Kok , Lim Einly 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEndovascular stent graft repair has become a common treatment for complicated Stanford type B aortic dissection to restore true lumen flow and induce false lumen thrombosis. Using computational fluid dynamics, this study reports the differences in flow patterns and wall shear stress distribution in complicated Stanford type B aortic dissection patients after endovascular stent graft repair. Five patients were included in this study: 2 have more than 80% false lumen thrombosis (group 1), while 3 others had less than 80% false lumen thrombosis (group 2) within 1 year following endovascular repair. Group 1 patients had concentrated re‐entry tears around the abdominal branches only, while group 2 patients had re‐entry tears that spread along the dissection line. Blood flow inside the false lumen which affected thrombus formation increased with the number of re‐entry tears and when only small amounts of blood that entered the false lumen exited through the branches. In those cases where dissection extended below the abdominal branches (group 2), patients with fewer re‐entry tears and longer distance between the tears had low wall shear stress contributing to thrombosis. This work provides an insight into predicting the development of complete or incomplete false lumen thrombosis and has implications for patient selection for treatment.
Variation in reproductive outcomes of women with histories of bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa, or eating disorder not otherwise specified relative to the general population and closest‐aged sisters
Authors: Tabler Jennifer , Utz Rebecca L. , Smith Ken R. , Hanson Heidi A. , Geist Claudia 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis study seeks to examine the long‐term reproductive consequences of eating disorders (ED), to assess variation in reproductive outcomes by ED type, and to examine reproductive differences between women with previous ED diagnosis and their discordant sisters.MethodUsing a sample of women with previous ED diagnosis generated by the Utah Population Database, this study compares the fecundity (parity) and age at first birth of women by ED subtype (bulimia nervosa [BN], anorexia nervosa [AN], and ED not otherwise specified [EDNOS]) (n = 1,579). We also employed general population match case–control, and discordant sibling pair analyses, to estimate the magnitude of association between EDs and reproductive outcomes.ResultsWomen previously diagnosed with AN or EDNOS experienced delayed first birth (HRR = 0.33, HRR = 0.34, respectively) and lower parity (IRR = 0.19, IRR = 0.22, respectively) relative to BN (p < .05), the general population (p < .05), and closest‐aged sisters (p < .05). Women previously diagnosed with BN experienced more moderate reductions and delays to their reproduction, and had similar reproductive outcomes as their discordant sisters.DiscussionClinicians should consider ED type and family fertility histories when addressing the long‐term reproductive health needs of women with prior AN, BN, or EDNOS diagnosis. Women previously diagnosed with AN or EDNOS likely experience the greatest reductions and delays in reproduction across their lifespan. Reproductive health screenings may be especially critical for the wellbeing of women with a history of AN or EDNOS.
Niche divergence along a fine‐scale ecological gradient in sympatric color morphs of a coral reef fish
Authors: Whitney Jonathan L. , Donahue Megan J. , Karl Stephen A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractColor polymorphisms offer unique opportunities for testing the role of ecological adaptation and natural selection in the origin of species. However, the ecological conditions that facilitate the coexistence and speciation of color morphs in nature remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigate the ecological mechanisms maintaining the color polymorphism in the arc‐eye hawkfish (Paracirrhites arcatus), which consists of two common morphs (pink white‐striped [PWS] and melanistic [MEL]) and less common intermediates that all coexist on shallow coral reefs throughout the Indo‐Pacific. Our approach was to test whether ecologically based disruptive selection on color could explain the maintenance of and possible incipient divergence between sympatric color morphs. We compared patterns of spatial distribution, abundance, habitat use and preference, and niche overlap among color morphs at nine sites along the leeward coast of Hawaii Island. We demonstrate that despite co‐occurring at all sites, sympatric color morphs show significant niche divergence along a steep ecological gradient. Morph frequencies correlate strongly with a multivariate gradient in coral community and reef topography, which explained 81% of the variability in relative abundance of the two main color morphs. Melanistic morphs were more frequent in shallow, steep surge zones dominated byPocilloporacorals. In contrast, PWS morphs were more frequent in deeper, sub‐surge zones with higher coral cover dominated byPoritescorals. Niche overlap analyses highlight how the two main morphs are partitioned on opposite ends of this continuous ecological gradient, while phenotypic intermediates are mostly restricted to intermediate habitats. The strong correlation between phenotype and environment suggests that morphs have fitness advantages in their respective habitats. We speculate that disruptive natural selection on color pattern to increase crypsis in heterogeneous visual environments has led to divergence in habitat preferences. The resulting ecological isolation provides a plausible mechanism for the persistence of multiple coexisting color phenotypes inP. arcatus. If divergence in color also affects mate choice, the evolution of reproductive isolation is likely to be promoted.
Urban stream microbial communities show resistance to pharmaceutical exposure
Authors: Rosi E. J. , Bechtold H. A. , Snow D. , Rojas M. , Reisinger A. J. , Kelly J. J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractResidues of pharmaceuticals are increasingly detected in surface waters throughout the world. In four streams in Baltimore, Maryland, USA, we detected analgesics, stimulants, antihistamines, and antibiotics using passive organic samplers. We exposed biofilm communities in these streams to the common drugs caffeine, cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, and diphenhydramine. Respiration rates in the least urban stream were suppressed when exposed to these drugs, but biofilm functioning in the most urban stream was resistant to drug exposure. Exposure to the antibiotic ciprofloxacin altered bacterial community composition at all sites, with the greatest change occurring in the most urban stream. These results indicated that continuous exposure to drugs in urban streams may select for sub‐populations of highly resistant bacteria that maintain community function in response to urban contaminants.
Modeling leaf area index in North America using a process‐based terrestrial ecosystem model
Authors: Qu Yang , Zhuang Qianlai 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLeaf area index (LAI) is often used to quantify plant production and evapotranspiration with terrestrial ecosystem models (TEMs). This study evaluated theLAIsimulation in North America using a data assimilation technique and a process‐based TEM as well as in situ and satellite data. We first optimized the parameters related toLAIin theTEMusing a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method, and AmeriFlux site‐level and regionalLAIdata from advanced very high‐resolution radiometer. The parameterized model was then verified with the observed monthlyLAIof major ecosystem types at site level. SimulatedLAIwas compared well with the observed data at sites of Harvard Forest (R2 = 0.96), University of Michigan Biological Station (R2 = 0.87), Howland Forest (R2 = 0.96), Morgan Monroe State Forest (R2 = 0.85), Shidler Tallgrass Prairie (R2 = 0.82), and Donaldson (R2 = 0.75). The root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) between modeled and satellite‐based monthlyLAIin North America is 1.4 m2/m2for the period of 1985–2010. The simulated average monthlyLAIin recent three decades increased by (3 ± 0.5)% in the region, with 1.24, 1.46, and 2.21 m2/m2on average, in Alaska, Canada, and the conterminous United States, respectively, which is consistent with satellite data. The model performed well for wet tundra, boreal forest, temperate coniferous forests, temperate deciduous forests, grasslands, and xeric shrublands (RMSE < 1.5 m2/m2), but not for alpine tundra and xeric woodlands (RMSE > 1.5 m2/m2). Both the spring and fallLAIin the 2000s are higher than that in the 1980s in the region, suggesting that the leaf phenology has an earlier onset and later senescence in the 2000s. The averageLAIincreased in April and September by 0.03 and 0.24 m2/m2, respectively. This study provides a way to quantifyLAIwith ecosystem models, which will improve future carbon and water cycling studies.
Fire‐induced change in floral abundance, density, and phenology benefits bumble bee foragers
Authors: Mola John M. , Williams Neal M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFire is a dominant, and well‐studied, structuring force in many temperate and semi‐arid communities; yet, few studies have investigated the effects of fire on multi‐trophic interactions. Here, we ask how fire‐induced changes in flowering affect the abundance of bumble bee foragers (Bombus vosnesenskii) and whether differences in floral resource availability are due to changes in plant species composition or lengthened bloom of a consistent set of species within burned and unburned grasslands. Following fire, burned and unburned sites had similar early spring bee and floral abundances. However, after the early bloom, forager activity remained high only in burned sites, where floral abundance persisted for longer. Importantly, the increased floral abundance following fire was due to a lengthening of within‐species flowering phenology, as burned areas later in the season retained floral abundance and composition similar to that of unburned areas early in the season. Furthermore, density of flower patches chosen by bumble bee foragers was significantly higher at burned sites, suggesting an increase in patch quality for foragers in post‐fire communities. Our results suggest positive effects of fire for bumble bee foragers and forb communities in California grassland ecosystems in the year following disturbance, namely through differences in plant phenology and floral density. We conclude that fire‐induced changes in flowering phenology can alter interspecific interactions and benefit pollinators.
Age and level of self‐organization affect the small‐scale distribution of springtails (Collembola)
Authors: Widenfalk Lina A. , Leinaas Hans Petter , Bengtsson Jan , Birkemoe Tone 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn studies of community assembly, species are often assumed to have similar spatial distributions and responses to the environment regardless of age or size. Under this assumption, it is possible to use species and species‐level traits in community composition studies. Here, we test this assumption for two species of soil‐living arthropods (springtails: Collembola) with direct development but assumed differences in self‐organizing behavior. We expected that the species with more pronounced social interactions (Hypogastrura tullbergi) should be less influenced by environmental factors and species interactions across all age classes, thanFolsomia quadrioculatathat is not known to exhibit social behavior. We used variance partitioning to examine the relative contributions of soil variables, vegetation composition, and other Collembola, vs. spatial variables (as a proxy for intraspecific interactions, i.e., self‐organization), on the distribution of the two species and three of their age classes. We show that two coexisting species with clear aggregation patterns greatly differ in how much the environment contributes to affecting the species’ spatial structure. LocalF. quadrioculataabundance was explained by different spatial and environmental variables depending on age class. In contrast, forH. tullbergi,spatial variables explained more of the abundance variation in all age classes. These differences have implications for the general predictability of changes in spatial structuring of species, as self‐organized species may be less likely to respond to changes in environmental factors. Our results show that because age classes may be differentially affected by environmental conditions, caution should be taken when assuming that species traits can be applied to all developmental stages in a species.