bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of p53‐Silenced Endothelial Progenitor Cells to Treat Ischemia in Diabetic Peripheral Vascular Disease
Authors: Kundu Nabanita , Domingues Cleyton C. , Chou Cyril , Ahmadi Neeki , Houston Sara , Jerry D. Joseph , Sen Sabyasachi 
Published: April 2017

Background

Peripheral vascular disease is a major diabetes mellitus‐related complication. In this study, we noted that expressions of proapoptotic p53 gene and its downstream cascade gene such as p21 are upregulated in hyperglycemia. Therefore, we investigated whether p53‐ and p21‐silenced endothelial progenitor cells (
EPC
s) were able to survive in hyperglycemic milieu, and whether transplantation of either p53 knockout (KO) or p21
KO
or p53‐ and p21‐silenced
EPC
s could improve collateral vessel formation and blood flow in diabetic vaso‐occlusive peripheral vascular disease mouse models.

Methods and Results

We transplanted p53 and p21
KO
mouse
EPC
s (
mEPC
s) into streptozotocin–induced diabetic (type 1 diabetes mellitus model) C57
BL
/6J and db/db (B6.
BKS
(D)‐Leprdb/J) (type 2 model) post–femoral artery occlusion. Similarly, Ad‐p53–silenced and Ad‐p21–silenced human
EPC
s (
CD
34+) cells were transplanted into streptozotocin‐induced diabetic
NOD
.
CB
17‐Prkdcscid/J mice. We measured blood flow at 3, 7, and 10 days and hindlimb muscles were obtained postsacrifice for
mRNA
estimation and
CD
31 staining. Enhanced blood flow was noted with delivery of p53 and p21
KO mEPC
s in
streptozotocin
‐induced diabetic C57
BL
/6J mice. Similar results were obtained when human Ad‐p53sh
EPC
s(
CD
34+) and Ad‐p21sh
EPC
s(
CD
34+) were transplanted into streptozotocin‐induced nonobese diabetic severe combined immunodeficiency mice. Gene expression analysis of p53 and p21
KO EPC
s transplanted hindlimb muscles showed increased expression of endothelial markers such as endothelial nitric oxide synthase, vascular endothelial growth factor A, and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1. Similarly, quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction of human Ad‐p53sh
EPC
s (
CD
34+)– and Ad‐p21sh
EPC
s (
CD
34+)–transplanted hindlimb muscles also showed increased expression of endothelial markers such as vascular endothelial growth factor A, noted primarily in the p53‐silenced
EPC
s group. However, such beneficial effect was not noted in the db/db type 2 diabetic mouse models.

Conclusions

Transient silencing of p53 using adenoviral vector in
EPC
s may have a therapeutic role in diabetic peripheral vascular disease.
Benefits of Permanent His Bundle Pacing Combined With Atrioventricular Node Ablation in Atrial Fibrillation Patients With Heart Failure With Both Preserved and Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
Authors: Huang Weijian , Su Lan , Wu Shengjie , Xu Lei , Xiao Fangyi , Zhou Xiaohong , Ellenbogen Kenneth A. 
Published: April 2017

Background

Clinical benefits from His bundle pacing (
HBP
) in heart failure patients with preserved and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction are still inconclusive. This study evaluated clinical outcomes of permanent
HBP
in atrial fibrillation patients with narrow
QRS
who underwent atrioventricular node ablation for heart failure symptoms despite rate control by medication.

Methods and Results

The study enrolled 52 consecutive heart failure patients who underwent attempted atrioventricular node ablation and
HBP
for symptomatic atrial fibrillation. Echocardiographic left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular end‐diastolic dimension, New York Heart Association classification and use of diuretics for heart failure were assessed during follow‐up visits after permanent
HBP
. Of 52 patients, 42 patients (80.8%) received permanent
HBP
and atrioventricular node ablation with a median 20‐month follow‐up. There was no significant change between native and paced
QRS
duration (107.1±25.8 versus 105.3±23.9 milliseconds,
P
=0.07). Left ventricular end‐diastolic dimension decreased from the baseline (
P
<0.001), and left ventricular ejection fraction increased from baseline (
P
<0.001) in patients with a greater improvement in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction patients (N=20) than in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction patients (N=22). New York Heart Association classification improved from a baseline 2.9±0.6 to 1.4±0.4 after
HBP
in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction patients and from a baseline 2.7±0.6 to 1.4±0.5 after
HBP
in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction patients. After 1 year of
HBP
, the numbers of patients who used diuretics for heart failure decreased significantly (
P
<0.001) when compared to the baseline diuretics use.

Conclusions

Permanent
HBP
post–atrioventricular node ablation significantly improved echocardiographic measurements and New York Heart Association classification and reduced diuretics use for heart failure management in atrial fibrillation patients with narrow
QRS
who suffered from heart failure with preserved or reduced ejection fraction.
Cellular and humoral responses of Pieris brassicae to infection by Steinernema feltiae, its symbiont bacteria, and their metabolites
Authors: Abdolmaleki Arman , Dastjerdi Hooshang Rafiee , Tanha Maafi Zahra , Naseri Bahram 
Published: April 2017

This study describes the mortality effects of the culture broth ofXenorhabdus bovieniiand its aqueous and organic extracts onPieris brassicaelarvae. All the treatments had insecticidal activities when injected into the haemocoel. The culture broth of bacteria and its aqueous extracts exhibited more insecticidal activity. The results showed the immune response ofP. brassicaeexposed toSteinernema feltiae, its symbiont bacteria,X. bovienii, and aqueous and organic extracts of bacteria. Both cellular and humoral responses were investigated. After infection of the larvae ofP. brassicaewithS. feltiae, the total number of haemocytes quickly increased. A reduction in the number of haemocytes was observed over post-injection time. In addition, plasmatocytes and granulocytes showed increased frequency and significant changes when compared to other haemocytes in responding to entomopathogenic nematode injection.Steinernema feltiaeincreased phenoloxidase activity but 3 h post-injection the concentration gradually decreased. However, a reduction in phenoloxidase activity was observed when the larvae were infected with bacteria or their aqueous and organic extracts. This study showed that both living and heat-killed bacteria have suppression effects on phenoloxidase activity. The lysozyme concentration increased inP. brassicaelarvae when they were exposed to living and heat-killedX. bovienii. No suppression effect of the bacteria was detected on lysozyme.
Wind Estimation in the Lower Atmosphere Using Multirotor Aircraft
Authors: Palomaki Ross T. , Rose Nathan T. , van den Bossche Michael , Sherman Thomas J. , De Wekker Stephan F. J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractUnmanned aerial vehicles are increasingly used to study atmospheric structure and dynamics. While much emphasis has been on the development of fixed-wing unmanned aircraft for atmospheric investigations, the use of multirotor aircraft is relatively unexplored, especially for capturing atmospheric winds. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the efficacy of estimating wind speed and direction with 1) a direct approach using a sonic anemometer mounted on top of a hexacopter and 2) an indirect approach using attitude data from a quadcopter. The data are collected by the multirotor aircraft hovering 10 m above ground adjacent to one or more sonic anemometers. Wind speed and direction show good agreement with sonic anemometer measurements in the initial experiments. Typical errors in wind speed and direction are smaller than 0.5 and 30°, respectively. Multirotor aircraft provide a promising alternative to traditional platforms for vertical profiling in the atmospheric boundary layer, especially in conditions where a tethered balloon system is typically deployed.
Astrocyte-mediated inflammation in cortical spreading depression
Authors: Ghaemi Amir , Alizadeh Leila , Babaei Shahnaz , Jafarian Maryam , Khaleghi Ghadiri Maryam , Meuth Sven G , Kovac Stjepana , Gorji Ali 
Published: April 2017

Background Cortical spreading depression (CSD) related diseases such as migraine, cerebrovascular diseases, and epilepsy have been associated with reactive astrocytosis, yet the mechanisms of these tissue changes remain unclear. CSD-induced inflammatory response has been proposed to play a role in some neurological disorders and thus may also contribute to reactive astrocytosis. Methods Using ex vivo brain slices and in vitro astrocytic cultures, we aimed to characterize CSD related changes in astrocytes and markers of inflammation by immunocyto- and immunohistochemistry. CSD was induced by application of KCl (3 mol/l) on neocortical tissues. The application of KCl was repeated weekly over the course of four weeks. Results CSD induced an increase in the mean number and volume of astrocytes in rat brain tissue when compared to controls, whereas no changes in neuronal numbers and volumes were seen. These cell-type specific changes, suggestive of reactive astrocytosis, were paralleled by an increased expression of protein markers indicative of astrocytes and neuroinflammation in ex vivo brain slices of animals undergoing CSD when compared to sham-treated controls. Cultured astrocytes showed an increased expression of the immune modulatory enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and an elevated expression of the pro-inflammatory markers, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNFα in addition to increased levels of toll like receptors (TLR3 and TLR4) and astrocytic markers after induction of CSD. Conclusion These findings indicate that CSD related reactive astrocytosis is linked to an upregulation of inflammatory markers. Targeting inflammation with already approved and available immunomodulatory treatments may thus represent a strategy to combat or ameliorate CSD-related disease.
Vitamin D Levels Do Not Predict Risk of Metatarsal Fractures
Authors: Williams Benjamin R. , Thomas Avis J. , Collier Rachel C. , Boffeli Troy J , Anderson Sarah A. 
Published: April 2017

Introduction. In the literature, there is conflicting data regarding the relationship between vitamin D and fractures. Reports on the effects of vitamin D levels on pathologies of the foot and ankle are limited. The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in patients who have sustained low-energy metatarsal fractures compared to foot or ankle sprains without osseous involvement. Methods. Between May 2012 and August 2014, vitamin D levels and demographic data were collected prospectively in a total of 99 patients; 71 with metatarsal fractures and 28 with sprains, both from a low-energy mechanism of injury. Data between the metatarsal fracture group and sprain group were compared through univariate and multivariate analyses. Results. Mean vitamin D in the fracture group was 26.9 ng/mL (range = 78.0-4.3), and in the sprain group it was 27.1 ng/mL (range = 64.1-8.3; P = .93). Vitamin D insufficiency (<30 ng/mL) was present in 47 (66%) of fracture patients and 20 (71%) of sprain patients ( P = .81). Conclusion. A high incidence of hypovitaminosis D was seen in all foot and ankle patients. There was no difference in mean vitamin D level or incidence of vitamin D insufficiency between patients with metatarsal fractures or sprains resulting from similar low-energy mechanisms. Levels of Evidence: Level III: Prospective, case-control study
Magnesio-riebeckite from the Varenche mine (Aosta Valley, Italy): crystal-chemical characterization of a grandfathered end-member
Authors: Oberti Roberta , Boiocchi Massimo , Hawthorne Frank C. , Ciriotti Marco E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMagnesio-riebeckite from the dumps of the abandoned mine of Varenche (45°47’22’’ N, 7°29’17’’ E), Saint-Barthélemy, Nus, Aosta Valley (Italy), was studied to provide the complete mineral description (including crystal structure) and insights into the crystal-chemistry of riebeckite. The empirical formula derived from electron microprobe analysis and single-crystal structure refinement is A(Na0.09K0.01)Σ=0.10B(Na1.77Ca0.11Mg0.08Mn2+ 0:04)Σ=2.00C(Mg2.93Mn2+0:13Fe2+0:07Zn0.01Ni0.12Fe3+1:25Al0.48Ti0.01)Σ=5.00T(Si7.92Al0.08)Σ=8.00 O22W(OH1.88F0.12)Σ=2.00. Magnesio-riebeckite is biaxial (+), with α = 1.678(2), β = 1.682(2), γ = 1.688(2) and 2V (meas.) = 80.2(1.7)°, 2V (calc.) = 78.7°. The unit-cell parameters are a = 9.6481(14), b = 17.873(3), c = 5.3013(7) Å, β = 103.630(2)°, V = 888.4 (2)Å3, Z = 2, space group C2/m. The strongest ten reflections in the powder X-ray pattern [d values (in Å), I, (hkl)] are: 2.701, 100, (151); 8.303, 83, (110); 3.079, 62, (310); 3.391, 53, (131); 4.467, 50, (040,021); 2.522, 50, (̅202); 2.578, 35, (061); 2.155, 30, (261), 4.855, 30, (̅111), 2.300, 29, (̅351).
Trace-element compositions of sapphire and ruby from the eastern Australian gemstone belt
Authors: Wong Jacqueline , Verdel Charles , Allen Charlotte M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSignificant uncertainty surrounds the processes involved in the formation of basalt-hosted corundum, particularly the role that the mantle plays in corundum generation. Some previous studies have suggested that trace-element ratios (namely, Cr/Ga and Ga/Mg) are useful for distinguishing two types of corundum: ‘magmatic’ and ‘metamorphic’, designations that include mantle and crustal processes. However, recent studies, including this one, have discovered transitional groups between these end-members that are difficult to classify.We used laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA–ICP–MS) to measure trace-element concentrations in sapphire and ruby crystals from eight alluvial deposits that span a significant length of the eastern Australian gemstone belt. Additionally, we collected LA–ICP–MS U–Pb and traceelement data from zircon megacrysts atWeldborough, Tasmania, which is also within the gemstone belt. Our sapphire and ruby results reveal a continuum in trace-element compositions, an observation that raises questions regarding previous classifications that ascribe corundum from basalt-hosted gemfields to either ‘magmatic’ or ‘metamorphic’ sources. The spatial association of basalt-related gemfields in eastern Australia with a long-lived convergent margin suggests a link between corundum formation and Al-enrichment of the mantle wedge during periods of subduction.
A mechanism for Nb incorporation in rutile and application of Zr-in-rutile thermometry: A case study from granulite facies paragneisses of the Mogok metamorphic belt, Myanmar
Authors: Win Maw Maw , Enami M. , Kato T. , Thu Ye Kyaw 
Published: April 2017

AbstractRutile grains occur extensively in host phases of biotite and quartz-feldspar aggregate in high-temperature paragneisses of the Mogok metamorphic belt of Myanmar. They occur as an isolated phase and sometimes show intergrowth texture with ilmenite. Most rutile grains contain up to 3.7 wt.% Nb2O5, which shows positive correlations with Fe and trivalent elements. Niobium substitutes for Ti by a coupled substitution with the trivalent cations (M3+) of Nb5+M3+Ti4+-2. Fine-grained rutile grains included in ilmenite are distinctly poor in Nb (<0.1 wt.% as Nb2O5) and contain Fe of 1.7–3.2 wt.% as Fe2O3, suggesting vacancybearing substitution of Fe3+4Ti4+-3□–1, where □ indicates a vacancy. The rutile grains in the felsic phases contain high Zr contents of up to 4200 ppm, suggesting equilibrium temperatures over 800°C using the Ti-in-rutile geothermometer. These high-temperature conditions are consistent with those estimated by conventional methods reported in the literature and suggest widespread occurrences of the upperamphibolite and granulite facies metamorphic rocks in the middle segment of the Mogok metamorphic belt. In contrast, the Zr contents of rutile grains in biotite are usually <1000 ppm, implying equilibrium temperatures lower than 750°C. Most of the rutile grains poorer in Zr might have been included in biotite and were isolated from the zircon-bearing system during an early stage of prograde metamorphism. Some other rutile grains poorer in Zr might have been an exsolved phase from Ti-rich biotite during retrograde metamorphism, which was furthered by the infiltration of metamorphic fluid under lower-amphibolite facies conditions.
From structure topology to chemical composition. XXIII. Revision of the crystal structure and chemical formula of zvyaginite, Na2ZnTiNb2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2(H2O)4, a seidozerite-supergroup mineral from the Lovozero alkaline massif, Kola peninsula, Russia
Authors: Sokolova E. , Genovese A. , Falqui A. , Hawthorne F.C. , Cámara F. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe crystal structure and chemical formula of zvyaginite, ideally Na2ZnTiNb2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2(H2O)4, a lamprophyllite-group mineral of the seidozerite supergroup from the type locality, Mt. Malyi Punkaruaiv, Lovozero alkaline massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia have been revised. The crystal structurewas refined with a new origin in space group C1, a = 10.769(2), b = 14.276(3), c = 12.101(2) Å, α = 105.45(3), β = 95.17(3), γ = 90.04(3)°, V = 1785.3(3.2) Å3, R1 = 9.23%. The electron-microprobe analysis gave the following empirical formula [calculated on 22 (O + F)]: (Na0.75Ca0.09K0.04□1.12)Σ2 (Na1.12Zn0.88Mn0.17Fe2+0.04□0.79)Σ3(Nb1.68Ti1.25Al0.07)Σ3 (Si4.03O14)O2[(OH)1.11F0.89]Σ2(H2O)4, Z = 4. Electron-diffraction patterns have prominent streaking along c* and HRTEM images show an intergrowth of crystalline zvyaginite with two distinct phases, both of which are partially amorphous. The crystal structure of zvyaginite is an array of TS (Titanium-Silicate) blocks connected via hydrogen bonds between H2O groups. The TS block consists of HOH sheets (H = heteropolyhedral, O = octahedral) parallel to (001). In the O sheet, the [6]MO(1,4,5) sites are occupied mainly by Ti, Zn and Na and the[6]MO(2,3) sites are occupied by Na at less than 50%. In the H sheet, the[6]MH(1,2) sites are occupied mainly by Nb and the[8]AP(1) and[8]AP(2) sites are occupied mainly by Na and □. The MH and AP polyhedra and Si2O7groups constitute the H sheet. The ideal structural formula is Na□Nb2NaZn□Ti(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2(H2O)4. Zvyaginite is a Zn-bearing and Na-poor analogue of epistolite, ideally (Na□)Nb2Na3Ti(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2(H2O)4. Epistolite and zvyaginite are related by the following substitution in the O sheet of the TS-block: (Naþ 2 )epi↔Zn2+zvy +□zvy. The doubling of the t1 and t2 translations of zvyaginite relative to those of epistolite is due to the order of Zn and Na along a (t1) and b (t2) in the O sheet of zvyaginite.
A mechanism for chromite growth in ophiolite complexes: evidence from 3D high-resolution X-ray computed tomography images of chromite grains in Harold's Grave chromitite in the Shetland ophiolite.
Authors: Prichard Hazel M. , Barnes Stephen J. , Godel Belinda 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTA fundamental difference exists between the textures of chromite crystals in chromitites in layered complexes and ophiolites. Those in layered complexes generally have euhedral octahedral shapes except where sintered, whereas those in ophiolites generally have rounded shapes accompanied commonly by nodular and more rarely dendritic chromite. Here we describe another texture characteristic of ophiolitic chromitite. The analysis of high-resolution X-ray computed tomography images of chromitite from Harold's Grave in the Shetland ophiolite has revealed 3D hopper structures on chromite grains. In 2D, these hopper structures appear at the surface of the chromite grain as stepped inward facing edges. A study of chromitites in 2D from ten ophiolite complexes has shown that all commonly contain chromite grains displaying these stepped edges. They occur mainly in protected enclaves surrounded by chromite grains that otherwise have rounded edges. The hopper crystals and the often associated clusters of inclusions represent periods of chromite crystal growth in a chromite supersaturated magma due to the presence of a more supercooled and more volatile-rich magma than that present in most layered complexes. Subsequent exposure of chromite crystals to chromite-undersaturated magma caused corrosion, resulting in the characteristic rounded shape of the ophiolitic chromite grains.
Transmission electron microscopy study of the epitaxial association of hedenbergite whiskers with babingtonite
Authors: Nagashima Mariko , Nishio-Hamane Daisuke 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTOvergrowths of whiskers of hedenbergite (Ca(Fe2+,Mg)Si2O6) on the hydrous pyroxenoid babingtonite (Ca2Fe2+Fe3+[Si5O14(OH)]) have been observed at Arvigo in Switzerland and Kreimbach/Kaulbach in Germany, and we have studied them with transmission electron microscopy in order to understand their structural relationships and formation. The boundaries between babingtonite and hedenbergite are sharply defined, and the two minerals are in direct contact with no additional phases present. The relationships of babingtonite (Bab) and hedenbergite (Hd) were determined as Bab[100]//Hd[112] in the Arvigo specimen and Bab[$\bar 1$00]//Hd[1$\bar 1$2] in the Kreimbach/Kaulbach specimen. Diffraction derived from Bab(031) and Hd(02$\bar 1$) in the Arvigo samples and Bab(031) and Hd(021) in the Kreimbach/Kaulbach samples were observed in identical positions. The reciprocity between the babingtonite and hedenbergite structures is governed by the direction of the SiO4-tetrahedral chains, and the related configuration of octahedra. Thus, hedenbergite is apparently an epitaxial phase grown on a base of {010} plates of babingtonite. The defined orientation relationship is also consistent with that shown in topotaxial intergrowths of other clinopyroxenes and pyroxenoids. The topotaxial intergrowths may result from diffusion-controlled solid-state reactions, whereas rapid whisker growth is characteristic of supersaturated solutions or a vapour medium. The epitaxial growth of hedenbergite whiskers on babingtonite with an abrupt but coherent change of structure at the interface represents an ideal example where the similar chemical compositions of host and guest contribute strongly to the close structural relationship.