bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating neural networks with advanced optimization techniques for accurate kidney disease diagnosis
Authors: Elbedwehy Samar , Hassan Esraa , Saber Abeer , Elmonier Rady 
Published: September 2024

AbstractKidney diseases pose a significant global health challenge, requiring precise diagnostic tools to improve patient outcomes. This study addresses this need by investigating three main categories of renal diseases: kidney stones, cysts, and tumors. Utilizing a comprehensive dataset of 12,446 CT whole abdomen and urogram images, this study developed an advanced AI-driven diagnostic system specifically tailored for kidney disease classification. The innovative approach of this study combines the strengths of traditional convolutional neural network architecture (AlexNet) with modern advancements in ConvNeXt architectures. By integrating AlexNet’s robust feature extraction capabilities with ConvNeXt’s advanced attention mechanisms, the paper achieved an exceptional classification accuracy of 99.85%. A key advancement in this study’s methodology lies in the strategic amalgamation of features from both networks. This paper concatenated hierarchical spatial information and incorporated self-attention mechanisms to enhance classification performance. Furthermore, the study introduced a custom optimization technique inspired by the Adam optimizer, which dynamically adjusts the step size based on gradient norms. This tailored optimizer facilitated faster convergence and more effective weight updates, imporving model performance. The model of this study demonstrated outstanding performance across various metrics, with an average precision of 99.89%, recall of 99.95%, and specificity of 99.83%. These results highlight the efficacy of the hybrid architecture and optimization strategy in accurately diagnosing kidney diseases. Additionally, the methodology of this paper emphasizes interpretability and explainability, which are crucial for the clinical deployment of deep learning models.
Liver protects neuron viability and electrocortical activity in post-cardiac arrest brain injury
Authors: Guo Zhiyong , Yin Meixian , Sun Chengjun , Xu Guixing , Wang Tielong , Jia Zehua , Zhang Zhiheng , Zhu Caihui , Zheng Donghua , Wang Linhe , Huang Shanzhou , Liu Di , Zhang Yixi , Xie Rongxing , Gao Ningxin , Zhan Liqiang , He Shujiao , Zhu Yifan , Li Yuexin , Nashan Björn , Andrea Schlegel , Xu Jin , Zhao Qiang , He Xiaoshun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBrain injury is the leading cause of mortality among patients who survive cardiac arrest (CA). Clinical studies have shown that the presence of post-CA hypoxic hepatitis or pre-CA liver disease is associated with increased mortality and inferior neurological recovery. In our in vivo global cerebral ischemia model, we observed a larger infarct area, elevated tissue injury scores, and increased intravascular CD45+ cell adhesion in reperfused brains with simultaneous hepatic ischemia than in those without it. In the ex vivo brain normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) model, we demonstrated that addition of a functioning liver to the brain NMP circuit significantly reduced post-CA brain injury, increased neuronal viability, and improved electrocortical activity. Furthermore, significant alterations were observed in both the transcriptome and metabolome in the presence or absence of hepatic ischemia. Our study highlights the crucial role of the liver in the pathogenesis of post-CA brain injury.
Probing the protonation and reduction of heptavalent neptunium with computational guidance
Authors: Benthin Grant C. , Rajapaksha Harindu , Markun Emma L. , Mason Sara E. , Forbes Tori Z. 
Published: September 2024

Computational and experimental results detail the speciation and stability of Np(vii) under varied pH conditions. Sequential protonation reactions and their thermodynamic feasibility for the Np(vii)O4(OH)23+ to Np(vi)O22+ transition are discussed.
Synthesis and characterization of divalent metal–betaine–bistriflimide complexes: a property comparison with metal bistriflimide salts
Authors: Guglielmero Luca , Ciccone Lidia , Mezzetta Andrea , D'Andrea Felicia , Guazzelli Lorenzo , Pomelli Christian Silvio 
Published: September 2024

A panel of metal–betaine–bistriflimide complexes and metal bistriflimide salts (sharing the same metal cations) has been synthesized, and a first comprehensive investigation of their physical–chemical properties has been performed.
The Impacts of Co-Occurring Developmental Language Disorder on the Academic, Interpersonal, and Behavioral Profiles of Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Hannig Russell Kirsten M. , Redmond Sean M. 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a multifactorial disorder that has been linked to increased risk for behavioral, academic, and interpersonal problems. Developmental language disorder (DLD) has also been linked to poor outcomes in these areas. The presence of co-occurring disorders in children's profiles is generally associated with poorer outcomes relative to profiles consisting of only one disorder. This study investigated the extent to which co-occurring DLD in children already identified with ADHD presented increased risk for severity of their primary ADHD symptoms, the presence of secondary behavioral problems, and/or increased problems in the tertiary areas of academic performance and interpersonal interactions.

Method:
Data from 90 children from combined community-based and clinically based study samples were used in this retrospective study. Behavioral, academic, and social attributes were assessed from parent ratings on the Child Behavior Checklist.

Results:
Results indicated primary symptoms of ADHD and related tertiary interpersonal consequences were not increased when co-occurring DLD was present. However, the co-occurrence of DLD on ADHD resulted in increased risk for secondary externalizing problems and deficits in academic performance.

Conclusions:
Outcomes highlight the need for high-quality collaborations among clinical professionals, school-based professionals, and parents to ensure the complex needs of children with ADHD are adequately addressed. Children with ADHD who have elevated externalizing behaviors and who are struggling academically should be tested for possible co-occurring DLD.
Visible and near‐infrared image fusion based on information complementarity
Authors: Li Zhuo , Pu Shiliang , Ji Mengqi , Zeng Feng , Li Bo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractImages with complementary spectral information can be recorded using image sensors that can identify visible and near‐infrared spectrum. The fusion of visible and near‐infrared (NIR) aims to enhance the quality of images acquired by video monitoring systems for the ease of user observation and data processing. Unfortunately, current fusion algorithms produce artefacts and colour distortion since they cannot make use of spectrum properties and are lacking in information complementarity. Therefore, an information complementarity fusion (ICF) model is designed based on physical signals. In order to separate high‐frequency noise from important information in distinct frequency layers, the authors first extracted texture‐scale and edge‐scale layers using a two‐scale filter. Second, the difference map between visible and near‐infrared was filtered using the extended‐DoG filter to produce the initial visible‐NIR complementary weight map. Then, to generate a guide map, the near‐infrared image with night adjustment was processed as well. The final complementarity weight map was subsequently derived via an arctanI function mapping using the guide map and the initial weight maps. Finally, fusion images were generated with the complementarity weight maps. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art in both avoiding artificial colours as well as effectively utilising information complementarity.
A novel target detection method with dual‐domain multi‐frequency feature in side‐scan sonar images
Authors: Wang Wen , Zhang Yifan , Li Houpu , Kang Yixin , Liu Lei , Chen Cheng , Zhai Guojun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSide‐scan sonar (SSS) detection is a key method in underwater environmental security and subsea resource development. However, many detection approaches primarily concentrate on tracking the evolution path of optical image object detection tasks when using acoustic images, resulting in complex structures and limited versatility. To tackle this issue, we introduce a pioneering dual‐domain multi‐frequency network (D2MFNet) meticulously crafted to harness the distinct characteristics of SSS image detection. In D2MFNet, a novel method for optimizing and improving the detection sensitivity in different frequency ranges called multi‐frequency combined attention mechanism (MFCAM) is proposed. This mechanism amplifies the relevance of dual‐domain features across different channels and spaces. Moreover, we introduce a dual‐domain feature pyramid network (D2FPN) significantly augments the depth and breadth of feature information in underwater small datasets. The methods offer plug‐and‐play functionality with substantial performance enhancements. Extensive experiments are conducted to validate the efficacy of the proposed techniques, and the results showcase their state‐of‐the‐art performance. MFCAM improves the mAP by 16.9% in the KLSG dataset and 15.5% in the SCTD dataset. The mAP of D2FPN was improved by 8.4% in the KLSG dataset and by 9.8% in the SCTD dataset. The code and models will be publicly available at https://dagshub.com/estrellaww00/D2MFNet.
Slow and steady does the trick: Slow outflows enhance the fragmentation of molecular clouds
Authors: Laužikas M. , Zubovas K. 
Published: September 2024

Context. Most massive galaxies host a supermassive black hole at their centre. Matter accretion creates an active galactic nucleus (AGN), forming a relativistic particle wind. The wind heats and pushes the interstellar medium, producing galactic-wide outflows. Fast outflows remove the gas from galaxies and quench star formation, and while slower (υ < 500 km s−1) outflows are ubiquitous, their effect is less clear but can be both positive and negative.
Aims. We wish to understand the conditions required for positive feedback. We investigated the effect that slow and warm-hot outflows have on the dense gas clouds in the host galaxy. We aim to constrain the region of outflow and cloud parameter space, if any, where the passage of the outflow enhances star formation.
Methods. We used numerical simulations of virtual ‘wind tunnels’ to investigate the interaction of isolated turbulent spherical clouds (103;4;5 M⊙) with slow outflows (10 km s−1 ≤ υout ≤ 400 km s−1) spanning a wide range of temperatures (104;5;6 K). We modelled 57 systems in total.
Results. We find that warm outflows compress the clouds and enhance gas fragmentation at velocities ≤ 200 km s−1, while hot (Tout = 106 K) outflows increase fragmentation rates even at moderate velocities of 400 km s−1. Cloud acceleration, on the other hand, is typically inefficient, with dense gas only attaining velocities of <0.1 υout.
Conclusions. We suggest three primary scenarios where positive feedback on star formation is viable: stationary cloud compression by slow outflows in low-powered AGN, sporadic enhancement in shear flow layers formed by luminous AGN, and self-compression in fragmenting AGN-driven outflows. We also consider other potential scenarios where suitable conditions arise, such as compression of galaxy discs and supernova explosions. Our results are consistent with current observational constraints and with previous works investigating triggered star formation in these disparate domains.
Global and local dynamics of X-flare-producing active regions during solar cycle 25 peak phase
Authors: Raphaldini B. , Dikpati M. , Teruya A. S. W. , Jain K. , Norton A. A. , McIntosh S. W. 
Published: September 2024

Context. The configuration of the longitudinally elongated region that active regions (ARs) cluster around, known as a toroid belt, has been shown to be an indicator of intense activity. In particular, complex ARs at locations in the north and/or south toroids tend to appear “tipped-away” with respect to each other. On the other hand, magnetic helicity has been used as an indicator of flare activity in ARs.
Aims. As solar cycle (SC) 25 approaches its peak, a number of significant (X-class) flares have been produced. Here, we investigate the circumstances surrounding two of the most flare-prolific ARs of solar cycle 25, namely, ARs 13590 and 13514. Two aspects of the evolution of these ARs are investigated in this work: the global-scale magnetic toroid configuration and small-scale magnetic field morphology and topology – before, during, and after the onset of major flares.
Methods. We studied the global morphology of the solar magnetic fields near intense flares in terms of the spatial distribution of ARs on magnetic fields synoptic maps. On AR scales, we analyzed the magnetic helicity accumulation, as well as its current-carrying and potential components.
Results. Our results are consistent with major flare-prolific ARs from solar cycles 23 and 24. In particular, we observe a consistent dominance of current-carrying magnetic helicity at the time of major flares. The evolution of global magnetic toroids, indicating the occurrence of flare-prolific ARs in the tipped-away portion of the toroid, together with the local dynamics of complex ARs, could offer a few weeks of lead time to prepare for upcoming space weather hazards.
Bioflavonoid Daidzein: Therapeutic Insights, Formulation Advances,
and Future Directions
Authors: Ahmad Sana , Ahsan Farogh , Ansari Javed Akhtar , Mahmood Tarique , Bano Shahzadi , Shahanawaz Mo. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBioflavonoids, are a diverse group of phytonutrients that are widely distributed
in fruits, vegetables, grains, teas, and certain medicinal herbs. They are
characterized by their antioxidant properties and play essential roles in plant
biology, such as providing color to fruits and flowers, protecting plants from
environmental stresses. Daidzein, a bioflavonoid classified under natural
products, is sourced from plants like soybeans and legumes. It exists in forms
such as glycosides and aglycones, with equol and trihydroxy isoflavone being key
metabolites formed by gut bacteria. Known for its wide-ranging therapeutic
potential, daidzein has shown effects on cardiovascular health, cancer,
diabetes, skin conditions, osteoporosis, and neurodegenerative disorders. Its
mechanisms include interaction with estrogen receptors, antioxidative and
anti-inflammatory properties, and modulation of apoptosis and cell cycles.
Recent advances in formulation technologies aimed at enhancing daidzeinʼs
bioavailability and efficacy are critically evaluated, including
nanoparticle-based delivery systems and encapsulation strategies. Researchers
have developed advanced formulations like nanoparticles and liposomes to enhance
daidzeinʼs solubility, stability, bioavailability, and targeted delivery.
Considered a promising nutraceutical, daidzein warrants further exploration into
its molecular actions and safety profile to fully realize its clinical
potential. This review offers a succinct overview encompassing therapeutic
benefits, chemical characteristics, historical uses, toxicology insights, recent
advancements in delivery systems, and future directions for daidzein
research.
Pregnancy Metabolic Adaptation and Changes in Placental Metabolism in Preeclampsia
Authors: Li Yaxi , Ma Ling , He Ruifen , Teng Fei , Qin Xue , Liang Xiaolei , Wang Jing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPregnancy is a unique physiological state in which the maternal body undergoes a series of changes in the metabolism of glucose, lipids, amino acids, and other nutrients in order to adapt to the altered state of pregnancy and provide adequate nutrients for the fetus’ growth and development. The metabolism of various nutrients is regulated by one another in order to maintain homeostasis in the body. Failure to adapt to the altered physiological conditions of pregnancy can lead to a range of pregnancy issues, including fetal growth limitation and preeclampsia. A failure of metabolic adaptation during pregnancy is linked to the emergence of preeclampsia. The treatment of preeclampsia by focusing on metabolic changes may provide new therapeutic alternatives.
Substitutional Cu doping at the cation sites in Ba2YNbO6 toward improved visible-light photoactivity—A first-principles HSE06 study
Authors: Ghosh Sankha 
Published: September 2024

Artificial photosynthesis holds immense promise for sustainable clean energy harvesting, with recent strides in material engineering with the earth abundant elements enabling efficient utilization of the visible solar spectrum for photoelectrochemical catalytic water splitting. Here, we have investigated the impact of substitutional Cu doping at all three cation sites in Ba2YNbO6 (BYN) using density functional theory calculations at the Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof-06 level. One of the key findings is that the defect formation energy follows the hierarchy Nb &gt; Ba &gt; Y. The presence of an oxygen vacancy (OV) enhances the co-solubility of Cu substitution of Nb, particularly when placed outside the CuO6 unit, while it has a contrary effect for Y substitution. Cu replacement reduces the bandgap as Nb &gt; Y ≫ Ba vis-à-vis pure BYN, while extending it into the visible part of the solar spectrum for Nb and Y replacement cases, albeit with OV causing a slight blue shift to them, without reducing the oxidation state of Cu due to strong charge-delocalization. Cu doping at Y and Nb sites retains the direct band transition character of BYN, a feature removed by OV. While all the bare Cu doped systems exhibit formation of a weak electron polaron, the placement of OV tends to annihilate this except for the system comprising first nearest neighbor placement of an OV relative to the Cu substitution at an Nb site. Notably, Cu doping at the Nb site significantly enhances optical activity, particularly ∼2.0–2.5 eV, resulting in promising candidates for photoelectrochemical catalysts.
The emergence of clausal nominalizations in Laz
Authors: Demirok Ömer , Öztürk Balkız 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a survey of complementation strategies that are employed in Pazar and Ardesheni dialects of
Laz, an endangered South Caucasian language that has been in contact with Turkish for decades. Our survey reveals strong
signatures of contact in that nominalization patterns not present in cognate systems but present in Turkish seem to have been
transferred into Laz. An intriguing asymmetry concerning the two dialects is that the Turkish noninalization pattern seems to have
been directly copied into Pazar Laz whereas Ardesheni Laz seems to have developed a novel complementation pattern that mixes
finite complementation with nominalization. Furthermore, in both dialects, complement clauses that denote propositions remain
untouched by the dominant nominalization strategy in Turkish, raising questions on grammatical asymmetries in susceptibility to
contact effects.
Exploring the human-bearded dragon animal bond: A qualitative content analysis of Reddit posts
Authors: Lovell Leana , Chur-Hansen Anna 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The impact of companion animals on humans has been extensively investigated. Previous and current literature has overwhelmingly focused on traditional companion animals, such as cats and dogs. Despite many individuals living with non-traditional companion animals, the research surrounding the impact they have on our lives remains understudied in comparison to traditional companion animals. Bearded dragons are currently the most popular type of reptiles as non-traditional companion animals, yet the perceived biopsychosocial impacts they may have on individuals remain relatively unexplored. The present study aimed to answer the following research questions: (1) What topics do people post to a subreddit forum dedicated to bearded dragon guardians? and (2) What do posts to the bearded dragon subreddit forum suggest about the human-bearded dragon bond? The website Reddit was systematically searched for relevant online subreddit communities targeted toward people with bearded dragons. Posts made by individuals to the chosen subreddit were collected. A conventional qualitative content analysis was performed on 2903 posts, producing five overarching categories: (1) The human-animal bond between bearded dragons and humans; (2) Use of bearded dragon Reddit forum; (3) Health and medical concerns; (4) Psychological effects; and (5) Social effects. Findings provide insight into how individuals with bearded dragons used and engaged with the online Reddit forum as well as how they reported the human-bearded dragon animal bond. The novel findings reported in this study warrant further research to explore the unique bonds formed between humans and non-traditional companion animals, including further investigation regarding bearded dragons and the various effects they may have on human life.
A GPU based 3D raytracing algorithm for DUED laser fusion code
Authors: Savino L , Schiavi A , Atzeni S 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
These days, graphical processing units (GPUs) deliver performance comparable to that of hundreds of CPU cores. This level of performance allows certain classes of simulations to be run in-house on a standard consumer workstation, eliminating the need for a cluster. In this paper, it is shown that medium-resolution, 2D radiation hydrodynamics simulations for laser-driven inertial confinement fusion with realistic 3D laser raytracing can now be conducted on a single consumer device. A novel raytracing module has indeed been developed for the 2D Lagrangian radiation-hydro-nuclear code DUED (Atzeni 1986 Comput. Phys. Commun.
43 107–24; Atzeni et al 2005 Comput. Phys. Commun.
169 153–9) to leverage the computational power of GPUs. By employing 3D raytracing, more realistic investigations of laser-driven plasmas become feasible, with a particular focus on perturbations resulting from non-uniform laser irradiation.
Annealing influence on stoichiometry and band alignment of 4H-SiC/SiO2 interface evaluated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Yuan Ruihong , Wang Jingqi , Chen Tianyu , He Mu , Ma Yao , Huang Mingmin , Liu Liqiang , Li Yun , Yang Zhimei , Gong Min , Xu Qian , Huang Wende 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Post oxidation annealing (POA) is a crucial technique for enhancing the performance of SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs). This study investigates the impact of nitrogen-based POA on the 4H–SiC/SiO2 interface, utilizing x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to assess changes in stoichiometry and band alignment. We discovered that high-temperature nitrogen POA significantly refines the interface quality, shifting the SiO
x
C
y
binding energy from 101.3 eV (at 400 °C) to 102.1 eV (at 1150 °C) and reducing the C:Si ratio from 1.120 (at 400 °C) to 0.972 (at 1150 °C), indicating reoxidation and transition from C-rich interface to Si-rich interface. Despite improvements, the conduction band offset at the interface, decreases from 2.59 eV to 1.62 eV with increasing annealing temperature, suggesting a higher likelihood of electron tunneling. This finding underscores the necessity of evaluating band offsets introduced by POA to ensure the reliability of SiC MOSFETs. Additionally, excessive Ar ion etching introduces residual Ar and surface charges, causing band bending and an increased density of states in the valence band of the 4H–SiC substrate.