bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tonoplast targeting of VHA‐a3 relies on a Rab5‐mediated but Rab7‐independent vacuolar trafficking route
Authors: Feng Qiang‐Nan , Zhang Yan , Li Sha 
Published: February 2017

SummaryVacuolar trafficking routes and their regulators have recently drawn lots of attention in plant cell biology. A recent study reported the discovery of a plant‐specific vacuolar trafficking route, i.e., a direct ER‐to‐vacuole route, through analysis of VHA‐a3 subcellular targeting, a key component for the tonoplast V‐ATPases. Our recent findings showed that VHA‐a3 targets to the tonoplast through a Rab5‐mediated but Rab7‐independent pathway, shedding new lights on the unconventional vacuolar trafficking route in plant cells.
The role of drebrin in neurons
Authors: Shirao Tomoaki , Hanamura Kenji , Koganezawa Noriko , Ishizuka Yuta , Yamazaki Hiroyuki , Sekino Yuko 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDrebrin is an actin‐binding protein that changes the helical pitch of actin filaments (F‐actin), and drebrin‐decorated F‐actin shows slow treadmilling and decreased rate of depolymerization. Moreover, the characteristic morphology of drebrin‐decorated F‐actin enables it to respond differently to the same signals from other actin cytoskeletons. Drebrin consists of two major isoforms, drebrin E and drebrin A. In the developing brain, drebrin E appears in migrating neurons and accumulates in the growth cones of axons and dendrites. Drebrin E‐decorated F‐actin links lamellipodium F‐actin to microtubules in the growth cones. Then drebrin A appears at nascent synapses and drebrin A‐decorated F‐actin facilitates postsynaptic molecular assembly. In the adult brain, drebrin A‐decorated F‐actin is concentrated in the central region of dendritic spines. During long‐term potentiation initiation, NMDA receptor‐mediated Ca2+ influx induces the transient exodus of drebrin A‐decorated F‐actin via myosin II ATPase activation. Because of the unique physical characteristics of drebrin A‐decorated F‐actin, this exodus likely contributes to the facilitation of F‐actin polymerization and spine enlargement. Additionally, drebrin reaccumulation in dendritic spines is observed after the exodus. In our drebrin exodus model of structure‐based synaptic plasticity, reestablishment of drebrin A‐decorated F‐actin is necessary to keep the enlarged spine size during long‐term potentiation maintenance. In this review, we introduce the genetic and biochemical properties of drebrin and the roles of drebrin in early stage of brain development, synaptic formation and synaptic plasticity. Further, we discuss the pathological relevance of drebrin loss in Alzheimer's disease.This article is part of the mini review series “60th Anniversary of the Japanese Society for Neurochemistry”.
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Understanding patient perceptions and risk for hepatitis C screening
Authors: Grannan S. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThe specific aims were to identify specific themes and barriers to viral hepatitis C (HCV) testing and to determine if testing rates increased when patients self‐identify their risk factors and were offered testing. This study was conducted at a Federally Qualified Health Centre (FQHC) in an underserved neighbourhood located in the Mountain West. This descriptive study used survey and group‐level electronic health record (EHR) data. Adults 18 years and older who speak and write in English or Spanish and arrived for care at a FQHC were recruited to complete a survey. The 10‐item survey assessed demographics, HCV risk, willingness to test, and reasons for not testing. Screening rates during the survey period were compared with the baseline 2014 rates using EHR data. EHR demographic, testing, and incidents of positive HCV infections data were analysed and compared with survey data. The typical participant (N=111) was female (74%), Baby Boomer (1945‐1965) generation (45%), white (86%), and uninsured (54%). Top 6 self‐identified risks were tattoo and/or body piercings (47.7%), Baby Boomer (36%), multiple sex partners (18%), work‐related exposure (8.1%), non‐injection drug use (8.1%), and injection drug use (7.2%). Only 78% of Baby Boomers identified being a Baby Boomer as a risk. Eighty‐one percent of participants did not want to test. Testing did not increase during the study period (2.9 tests/wk in 2014 and 2.1 tests/wk during the survey period). Main reasons not to test were “I do not have any risk factors” (30.2%), concerned with cost (15.1%), tested in the past (15.1%), other reasons (9.3%), not feeling well (5.8%). More than one main reason was selected by 17% of the participants. Baby Boomers did not self‐identify risk. Also, testing incidence did not increase when patients self‐identified risk and were offered testing. Many participants did not identify risk which is a barrier to testing.Additional barriers to overcome are concerns with cost and comfort in the clinical setting.
Prevalence of HBsAg/HBeAg amongst 1 936 801 couples preparing for pregnancy in rural China: An observational study
Authors: Liu J. , Zhang S. , Wang Q. , Shen H. , Zhang M. , Zhang Y. , Yan D. , Liu M. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThere are few extant studies on the prevalence of HBV infection in couples preparing for pregnancy. We assessed the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) in couples preparing for pregnancy in rural China, and the association between HBV prevalence and the statuses of HBsAg/HBeAg and ALT in the spouses. We performed a nationwide cross‐sectional study, using data from a health check‐up program for 1 936 801 rural couples from 31 provinces preparing for pregnancy between 2010 and 2012. ELISA was used to test serologic samples, and we defined couples who were either discordant or both positive for HBsAg as “POSITIVE COUPLES” (PC). Amongst the 1 936 801 couples, 202 816 (10.47%; 95% CI, 10.43%‐10.51%) were PC. HBeAg (high infectiousness) was detected in 56 474 (27.84%; 95% CI, 27.65%‐28.04%) of 202 816 HBsAg‐positive couples. Multivariate models showed that the prevalence of HBV infection in wives increased along with the positive statuses for HBsAg/HBeAg and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of their husbands (adjusted odds ratio increased from 2.31 to 4.98), after adjustment for potential confounders. Similarly, the prevalence of HBV infection in husbands was associated with the positive statuses of HBsAg/HBeAg and ALT of their wives (adjusted odds ratio increased from 2.04 to 4.93). The prevalence of POSITIVE COUPLES in couples preparing for pregnancy in rural China was high, and the prevalence of HBV infection was independently associated with the positive statuses of HBsAg/HBeAg and ALT of the spouses. Instead of solely focussing on mothers prior to becoming pregnant, POSITIVE COUPLES should be taken as an important unit of care.
Prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation: Comparison of four explant‐based prognostic models
Authors: Costentin Charlotte E. , Amaddeo Giuliana , Decaens Thomas , Boudjema Karim , Bachellier Philippe , Muscari Fabrice , Salamé Ephrem , Bernard Pierre‐Henri , Francoz Claire , Dharancy Sébastien , Vanlemmens Claire , Radenne Sylvie , Dumortier Jérôme , Hilleret Marie‐Noelle , Chazouillères Olivier , Pageaux Georges P. , Calderaro Julien , Laurent Alexis , Roudot‐Thoraval Françoise , Duvoux Christophe ,   the Liver Transplantation French Study Group
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimDiscordance between pre‐LT imaging and explanted liver findings have been reported after liver transplantation (LT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), suggesting the need of reassessing the risk of HCC recurrence post‐LT. Our aims were to compare pre‐LT imaging and explants features and to test the performances of four explant‐based predictive models of recurrence in an external cohort.MethodsStaging according to pre‐LT imaging and explant features were compared. Four explants‐based models were retrospectively tested in a cohort of 372 patients transplanted for HCC in 19 French centres between 2003 and 2005. Accuracies of the scores were compared.ResultsPre‐LT imaging underestimated tumour burden in 83 (22.7%) patients according to Milan criteria. The highest AUCs for prediction of 5‐years recurrence were observed in the “Up to seven” (0.7915 [95% CI: 0.7339‐0.849]) and Decaens models (0.747 [95% CI: 0.6877‐0.806]), with two levels of risk: low (10%) and high (>50%). Chan and Iwatsuki models identified 3 and 4 levels of risk, but had lower AUCs (0.68 and 0.70) respectively. Accuracy of the “Up to seven” model was superior to the Decaens model (P=.034), which was superior to the Chan model (P=.0041) but not to the Iwatsuki model (P=.17).ConclusionPre‐LT imaging underestimates tumour burden, and prediction of recurrence should be reassessed after LT. The explant‐based “Up to seven” and Decaens models provided the best accuracy for prediction of 5‐year recurrence, identifying only two levels of risk. New models are needed to further refine the prediction of recurrence after LT.
Influence of maternal and socioeconomic factors on breast milk fatty acid composition in urban, low‐income families
Authors: Nayak Uma , Kanungo Suman , Zhang Dadong , Ross Colgate E. , Carmolli Marya P. , Dey Ayan , Alam Masud , Manna Byomkesh , Nandy Ranjan Kumar , Kim Deok Ryun , Paul Dilip Kumar , Choudhury Saugato , Sahoo Sushama , Harris William S. , Wierzba Thomas F. , Ahmed Tahmeed , Kirkpatrick Beth D. , Haque Rashidul , Petri William A. , Mychaleckyj Josyf C. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe lipid composition of breast milk may have a significant impact on early infant growth and cognitive development. Comprehensive breast milk data is lacking from low‐income populations in the Indian subcontinent impeding assessment of deficiencies and limiting development of maternal nutritional interventions. A single breast milk specimen was collected within 6 weeks postpartum from two low‐income maternal cohorts of exclusively breastfed infants, from Dhaka, Bangladesh (n = 683) and Kolkata, India (n = 372) and assayed for percentage composition of 26 fatty acids. Mature milk (>15 days) in Dhaka (n = 99) compared to Kolkata (n = 372) was higher in total saturated fatty acid (SFA; mean 48% vs. 44%) and disproportionately lower in ω3‐polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), hence the ω6‐ and ω3‐PUFA ratio in Dhaka were almost double the value in Kolkata. In both sites, after adjusting for days of lactation, increased maternal education was associated with decreased SFA and PUFA, and increasing birth order or total pregnancies was associated with decreasing ω6‐PUFA or ω3‐PUFA by a factor of 0.95 for each birth and pregnancy. In Dhaka, household prosperity was associated with decreased SFA and PUFA and increased ω6‐ and ω3‐PUFA. Maternal height was associated with increased SFA and PUFA in Kolkata (1% increase per 1 cm), but body mass index showed no independent association with either ratio in either cohort. In summary, the socioeconomic factors of maternal education and household prosperity were associated with breast milk composition, although prosperity may only be important in higher cost of living communities. Associated maternal biological factors were height and infant birth order, but not adiposity. Further study is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of these effects.
Dysbiosis of oral buccal mucosa microbiota in patients with oral lichen planus
Authors: He Y , Gong D , Shi C , Shao F , Shi J , Fei J 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveThe bacterial community structure of buccal mucosa in patients with oral lichen planus was evaluated and compared with healthy control.Subjects and MethodsBuccal scraping samples have been taken on 43 oral lichen planus patients (21 erosive and 22 non‐erosive) and 21 mucosal healthy volunteers. The V3 hypervariable 16S rDNA region was amplified and sequenced by high‐throughput 454 pyrosequencing.Results94.26% of the total buccal bacteria were classified into 15 abundant genera. Eight of these abundant genera could be detected in all cases, namely Streptococcus, Prevotella, Haemophilu, Neisseria, Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia, Veillonella and Actinomyces. Four abundant bacteria showed significantly different prevalence at the genus level: Streptococcus was more abundant (P < 0.01) in healthy control group, while Fusobacterium (P < 0.01), Leptotrichia (P < 0.001) and Lautropia (P < 0.001) showed higher abundance in OLP group. Few differences can be found between erosive and non‐erosive OLP. In general, 19 ‘core’ OTUs at three levels were defined to be OLP specific, comparing with healthy control group.ConclusionsThese results suggest that OLP is associated with dysbiosis of the oral microbiome. Further studies should be taken to elucidate the inner relationship between these observed changes and OLP development.
Comparison of the analgesic efficacy of ultrasound‐guided rectus sheath block and local anesthetic infiltration for laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure in children
Authors: Uchinami Yuka , Sakuraya Fumika , Tanaka Nobuhiro , Hoshino Koji , Mikami Eri , Ishikawa Taro , Fujii Hitomi , Ishikawa Takehiko , Morimoto Yuji 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundUltrasound‐guided rectus sheath block and local anesthetic infiltration are the standard options to improve postoperative pain for children undergoing surgery with a midline incision. However, there is no study comparing the effect of ultrasound‐guided rectus sheath block with local anesthetic infiltration for children undergoing laparoscopic surgery.AimsThe aim of this trial was to compare the onset of ultrasound‐guided rectus sheath block with that of local anesthetic infiltration for laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure in children.MethodsWe performed an observer‐blinded, randomized, prospective trial. Enrolled patients were assigned to either an ultrasound‐guided rectus sheath block group or a local anesthetic infiltration group. The ultrasound‐guided rectus sheath block group (n = 17) received ultrasound‐guided rectus sheath block with 0.2 ml·kg−1 of 0.375% ropivacaine per side in the posterior rectus sheath compartment. The local anesthetic infiltration group (n = 17) received local anesthetic infiltration with 0.2 ml·kg−1 of 0.75% ropivacaine. The Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) pain scores were recorded at 0, 30, 60 min after arrival at the postanesthesia care unit.ResultsOf the 37 patients enrolled in this study, 34 completed the study protocol. A significant difference in the pain scale between the ultrasound‐guided rectus sheath block group and local anesthetic infiltration group was found at 0 min (median: 0, interquartile range [IQR]: 0–1.5, vs median: 1, IQR 0–5, confidence interval of median [95% CI]: 0–3, P = 0.048), but no significant difference was found at 30 min (median: 1, IQR: 0–4 vs median: 6, IQR: 0–7, 95% CI: 0–5, P = 0.061), or 60 min (median: 0, IQR: 0–2 vs median: 1, IQR: 0–3, 95% CI: −1 to 1, P = 0.310). No significant difference was found in anesthesia time between the ultrasound‐guided rectus sheath block and local anesthetic infiltration groups. No procedure‐related complications were observed in either group.ConclusionUltrasound‐guided rectus sheath block is a quicker way to control postoperative pain for pediatric patients undergoing laparoscopic extraperitoneal closure than local anesthetic infiltration, and thus may provide a clinical benefit.
Social independence of adult congenital heart disease patients in Japan
Authors: Ochiai Ryota , Ikeda Yukitaka , Kato Hitoshi , Shiraishi Isao ,   Parents' Association of Heart Disease Children
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundAs treatment outcomes for congenital heart disease (CHD) have improved, the social independence of adult CHD patients has become a key goal. The aims of this study were therefore to (i) determine the relationship between social independence and psychological profile, and (ii) identify patient anxieties, difficulties, and demands related to life in society.MethodsA total of 143 patients aged ≥15 years with physical disability certificates were selected using a questionnaire distributed by a patients' association. Each participant was asked about employment status, income, and receipt of disability pension as a social independence index, and about financial and psychological distress as a psychological status index. Furthermore, each participant was asked to freely describe his or her difficulties, anxieties, and needs pertaining to life in society.ResultsThe subjects were 15–73 years old. Seventy‐one (50%) were female, and 94 (66%) had a grade 1 physical disability certificate. Fifty‐nine subjects (41%) were employed, 37 (26%) were unemployed, and 45 (31%) were students. Of those employed, 34 subjects (58%) reported annual individual income ≤2 million yen. Frequent hospital visits, low total household income, low individual annual income, work dissatisfaction, and receipt of a disability pension were associated with poorer psychological profile. In an open description section, subjects expressed desires for better pension systems, support for medical fees, and employment support.ConclusionsBecause financial issues can adversely affect the psychological profiles of adult CHD patients, enhancement of social welfare and employment support may improve their social independence.
Hume's Internalist Epistemology inEHU 12
Authors: Qu Hsueh 
Published: February 2017

Much has been written about Kemp Smith's (1941) famous problem regarding the tension between Hume's naturalism and his scepticism. However, most commentators have focused their attention on theTreatise; those who address theEnquiryoften take it to express essentially the same message as theTreatise. When Hume's scepticism in theEnquiryhas been investigated in its own right, commentators have tended to focus on Hume's inductive scepticism in Sections 4 and 5. All in all, it seems that Section 12 has been unduly neglected. This paper seeks to address Kemp Smith's problem from the standpoint of Hume's treatment of scepticism inEHU12, and finds an interesting internalist account that makes sense both of Hume's discussion inEHU12, and his aims in theEnquiryas a whole. Moreover, it is one that is of substantive philosophical interest, having intriguing parallels to contemporary epistemological accounts.
Genetic diversity and population structure among cultivars of Saccharina japonica currently farmed in northern China
Authors: Li Xia , Pang Shao J. , Shan Ti F. 
Published: February 2017

SUMMARYClose to 50% of the annual production of the brown alga Saccharina japonica, about 2 million tons (fresh weight), is produced through farming in Shandong province, China, principally around Rongcheng. Under artificial selection for phenotypic traits (e.g. color, blade length) cultivated strains (cultivars) face the problems of inbreeding depression, which can be caused by the close relationships of the parental plants. Hence, in an attempt to evaluate genetic variations and relationships among cultivars, 15 major farmed cultivars were selected and sampled from seven major hatcheries and analyzed using 15 microsatellite markers. A total of 94 alleles were found across all samples, with allele numbers ranging from three to 17 per locus. All of the cultivars exhibited relatively high levels of genetic diversity, with mean Nei's genetic diversity (H) and the Shannon's information index (I) of 0.466 and 0.862, respectively. A UPGMA dendrogram grouped all cultivars into three main clusters. However, two of the most commonly farmed cultivars (DB and BN) from different hatcheries failed to cluster together. Instead, differently named cultivars from the same hatchery tended to group together, implying that their high similarities is partly due to the presence of genetic mixing among cultivars within a hatchery or misuse of cultivar's names. Genetic analysis performed by Bayesian model‐based clustering revealed clear differentiation of three major subgroups (LJ‐202 and LJ‐205; LJ‐C033; XS‐2 and XS‐BN) and one admixed group (the remaining ten cultivars). Our results revealed ambiguous genetic relationships among certain cultivars of S. japonica farmed in northern China. A more stringent and prudent regulation should be applied during breeding and production process in the future.
AGER gene polymorphisms and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end product in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Yamaguchi Kakuhiro , Iwamoto Hiroshi , Horimasu Yasushi , Ohshimo Shinichiro , Fujitaka Kazunori , Hamada Hironobu , Mazur Witold , Kohno Nobuoki , Hattori Noboru 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveThe receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE) is a multiligand cell‐surface receptor abundantly expressed in the lung. RAGE/ligand interaction has been postulated to participate in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, while soluble RAGE (sRAGE) might act as a decoy receptor. A functional polymorphism rs2070600 in the gene coding RAGE (AGER) might modulate its receptor function. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of AGER polymorphisms and circulatory sRAGE with the development and progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).MethodsThis study comprised 87 Japanese patients with IPF and 303 healthy controls. Seven tag polymorphisms in AGER were genotyped and their distributions were compared. We also measured serum sRAGE levels, and evaluated the correlations of sRAGE levels with AGER polymorphisms and the prognosis of the patients with IPF.ResultsThe frequency of AGER rs2070600 genotype with minor allele was significantly higher in patients with IPF (OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.08–3.10). Additionally, the carriage of the rs2070600 minor allele and the presence of IPF were independently associated with reduced serum levels of sRAGE. Moreover, reduced sRAGE (≤471.8 pg/mL) was related to acute exacerbation of IPF and was an independent predictor of 5‐year survival in patients with the disease (hazard ratio (HR) = 7.956, 95% CI = 1.575–53.34).ConclusionThese results suggest a possible association between a functional polymorphism in AGER and IPF disease susceptibility, and indicate a potential prognostic value of circulatory sRAGE.
Intersecting Disadvantages: Race, Gender, and Age Discrimination Among Attorneys*
Authors: Collins Todd A. , Dumas Tao L. , Moyer Laura P. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveThis article explores the impact of race, gender, age, and intersectionality on attorneys' perceptions of unfair treatment by other lawyers and on satisfaction with their legal careers.MethodUsing an original survey of over 2,000 attorneys, ordered logit is utilized to analyze attorneys’ perceptions of disparate treatment based on race, gender, and age and to test whether minority female attorneys face unique barriers within their professional relationships.ResultsWe find that minority women are more likely than others to perceive unfair treatment based on race, gender, and age. This also contributes to lower career satisfaction for attorneys who are women of color than for other groups.ConclusionThe findings have important implications for understanding attorney relationships and potential barriers for minority groups within a profession's culture. These obstacles not only impact attorneys, but could also influence attorney choice for citizens and the prospects for a representative judiciary.