bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual Harassment in the Military
Authors: Harris Richard J. , McDonald Daniel P. , Sparks Corey S. 
Published: January 2017

Purpose: Sexual harassment remains a persistent problem in the U.S. military despite extensive research and policy initiatives. Theoretical explanations identify individual circumstances (e.g., power differentials) and organizational factors (e.g., climate, culture). However, data constraints limit the capacity to link individual contexts with independent measures of environments. Data/Methods: A unique Defense Equality Opportunity Climate Survey allows assessment of organizational climates and individual experiences with multilevel analyses. Results: Sexist environmental context increases the likelihood of personal harassment experiences after controlling for individual-level variables. However, unit-level climate, group cohesion, and job satisfaction are not significant. Conclusion: Both individual and organizational factors are important. However, the organizational context has less to do with culture or unit cohesion and more to do with tolerance of sexism. Focusing on problem units may be effective for reducing the prevalence and persistence of sexual harassment.
Parapharyngeal Schwannomas
Authors: Mikaelian Diran O. , Holmes William F. , Simonian Simon K. 
Published: January 2017

Schwannomas of the parapharyngeal space are rare benign tumors arising from nerves located in the parapharyngeal space. Most of them occur as a mass behind the ascending ramus of the mandible, and bimanual palpation is important in ascertaining their exact location. The anatomy of the parapharyngeal space is described in detail. Treatment of these tumors is surgical through an external neck approach. A combined neurosurgical approach is indicated for tumors extending intracranially.Four cases of parapharyngeal schwannomas are added to the world literature (114 reported), with one extending intracranially through the jugular foramen.
Hemangiopericytoma of the Sphenoid Sinus
Authors: Kimmelman Charles P. 
Published: January 2017

A 51‐year‐old woman complained of intermittent nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea. Sinus roentgenograms and polytomograms revealed a small mucocele of the right sphenoid sinus. There was no encroachment of the orbital apex or intracranial contents. The mucocele was marsupialized via an external ethmoidectomy, and the scant tissue present inside the sinus was examined histologically. The pathologic diagnosis was hemangiopericytoma. The small tumor had apparently originated at the sinus ostium, thus creating the mucocele. Several months postoperatively, a small, vascular tumor nodule was noted in the incision. No recurrence was evident intranasally. A course of 5,040 rads of external beam radiation therapy was given to the right ethmoid labyrinth and right sphenoid. Since completing her radiation therapy, there has been no recurrence. This case is of interest because the tumor occurred as a mucocele of the sphenoid sinus.
Papillary Cystadenoma Lymphomatosum of the Larynx
Authors: Foulsham Charles K. , Snyder G. Gordon , Carpenter Robert J. 
Published: January 2017

Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum, or Warthin's tumor, is a benign lesion of the salivary glands occurring most frequently in the parotid region. Since the initial report of this lesion in 1910, numerous reports have appeared in the literature concerning the occurrence of Warthin's tumor in many extraparotid locations, including the larynx. The vast majority of those tumors arising in the larynx have been disproved because of the absence of one or more of the histologic characteristics of this lesion within the surgical specimen.This paper will review the histologic criteria of Warthin's tumor and the typical clinical occurrence. We will discuss a case of papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum of the larynx that satisfies all the histologic criteria of this lesion. A review of the possible origins of this tumor will demonstrate that this case may lend support to the hypothesis that papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum may be the end result of a delayed hypersensitivity reaction.
Antimotion Sickness Drug Efficacy
Authors: Wood Charles D. , Cramer D. Bryant , Graybiel Ashton 
Published: January 2017

The principal medications available for the prevention of motion sickness were tested for their relative efficacy in a Navy National Aeronautics and Space Administration program at Pensacola, Fla. The drugs were tested on the human centrifuge, at sea, in the air, and in zero gravity flights. The results of this research indicated that drugs with central anticholinergic actions such as scopolamine, promethazine, dimenhydrinate (Dramamine), cyclizine (Marezine), and meclizine (Bonine) were effective in increasing resistance to motion sickness. Drugs with central effects which enhanced the action of norepinephrine were also effective. These included dextroamphetamine sulfate (Dexedrine) and ephedrine. It is recommended that all antimotion sickness drugs be taken at least one hour before exposure to motion. For severe conditions of motion it is recommended that one of the following drug combinations be used: (1) scopolamine, 0.6 mg, plus dextroamphetamine sulfate, 5 mg, or (2) promethazine, 25 mg, plus ephedrine, 25 mg. Moderate conditions may be controlled by dimenhydrinate, 50 mg, and in mild conditions such as automobile travel, cyclizine, 50 mg, or meclizine, 50 mg, may be sufficient. The proper dose of an effective antimotion sickness drug given at the proper time will protect most susceptible patients from motion sickness. After motion sickness has developed, intramuscular injections of promethazine or scopolamine have a therapeutic effect.
Cochlear Nucleus Implant
Authors: Hitselberger William E. , House William F. , Edgerton Bradly J. , Whitaker Samuel 
Published: January 2017

The case of a 51‐year‐old woman with an acoustic neuroma in her only hearing ear is presented. At the time the tumor was removed, May 24, 1979, a depth electrode was implanted In the cochlear nucleus. This worked for 2 months, allowing her to perceive sound in her environment. On March 12, 1981, the depth electrode was replaced with a surface electrode. Since that time her hearing has been as good as that of a patient with a cochlear implant. It has now been over 2 years since her last surgery and she continues to do well.
Hearing preservation after acoustic neuroma surgery with intraoperative direct eighth cranial nerve monitoring: Part II. A classification of results
Authors: Silverstein Herbert , McDaniel Alan , Norrell Horace 
Published: January 2017

Since the advent of brainstem auditory evoked response audiometry and computerized tomography, small acoustic neuromas are more frequently found. Often the patient has serviceable hearing, which we would like to preserve during complete tumor removal. Since 1978, sixteen patients with acoustic neuromas have been operated upon through the retrosigmoid suboccipital approach, with the goal of hearing preservation. In 1983, we began using intraoperative direct eighth nerve monitoring, which produced a rapid assessment of cochlear nerve function during the excision of small acoustic neuromas. The tumors varied in size from intracanalicular lesions to one lesion with a 3.0 cm protrusion medial to the porus acousticus. In eight of sixteen cases, intraoperative monitoring was used, and in four of the patients hearing was preserved. In eight cases, intraoperative monitoring was not used, and hearing was preserved in only two patients. The overall success rate—in total tumor removal with hearing preservation—was 37%. Hearing was preserved in six of eight patients who had tumors which measured less than 1.5 cm. In this group of cases, two of the patients had a Class I good hearing result (PTA 0 to 30 dB and 70 to 100% discrimination), one patient had Class III nonserviceable hearing, (PTA 65 to 75 dB and 25 to 45% discrimination), and three patients had Class IV poor hearing, (PTA 80 to 100 dB and 0 to 20% discrimination). We found that continuous monitoring of direct eighth‐nerve‐evoked action potentials were extremely valuable and rapidly indicated reversible cochlear nerve trauma.
Eustachian Tube and Nasal Function during Pregnancy: A Prospective Study
Authors: Derkay Craig S. 
Published: January 2017

Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) during pregnancy and the so‐called “rhinitis of pregnancy” were investigated in a prospective manner by use of sonotubometry, the nine‐step inflation‐deflation tympanometric test, and computer‐assisted anterior rhinomanometry. Twenty pregnant volunteers with symptoms of ETD were compared to 20 asymptomatic trimester‐matched pregnant subjects and 20 nonpregnant, age‐matched controls. Among the symptomatic women, 16 of 20 (80%) demonstrated ETD, compared to 9 of 20 (45%) of the asymptomatic women and 6 of 20 (30%) of the nonpregnant controls (p < 0.01). A statistically significant difference was also demonstrated between the symptomatic pregnant group and the control women with respect to nasal conductance and inspiratory work/liter. Resolution of ETD and nasal obstruction were documented upon repeat testing of pregnant subjects 4 to 10 weeks postpartum. Otologic history and current cigarette‐smoking habit were found to predispose women toward ETD (p < 0.05). We conclude that ETD during pregnancy and rhinitis of pregnancy are genuine clinical entities that can be demonstrated in the clinical laboratory and that the natural history of these disorders predicts resolution postpartum.
Interim Report of a Large French Multicentre Study of Efficacy and Safety of 3.75 mg Leuprorelin Depot in Metastatic Prostatic Cancer
Authors: Giraud B. 
Published: January 2017

A study carried out in 470 patients with metastasized adenocarcinoma of the prostate confirmed the efficacy of 3.75 mg leuprorelin acetate depot given subcutaneously once monthly. Bone pain was rapidly decreased and the general condition of patients and urinary signs improved. Sexual activity was maintained in 50% of patients. After 3 months’ treatment, there was no progression in 95% of patients, complete regression in 39% and partial regression in 49%; 17% of cases were stabilized. Improvement in clinical signs was directly related to a decline in amounts of prostate-specific antigen and was associated with a decline in serum testosterone concentrations within 3–4 weeks of starting treatment; Leuprorelin acetate depot was well tolerated and was easy to store and use. Une étude entreprise sur 470 malades souffrant d'adénocarcinome métastatique de la prostate a confirmé l'efficacité de Facétate de leuproréline sous forme retard%aG la dose de 3,75 mg administré par injection sous-cutanée une fois par mois. Les douleurs osseuses ont rapidement régressé et l'état générale des malades et les signes urinaires se sont améliorés. Une activité sexuelle s'est vue maintenue chez ces malades (50%). Après un traitement de 3 mois, il n'a pas été noté de progression de la tumeur chez 95 % des patients, une régression complète a été observée chez 39 % des malades, une régression partielle chez 49 % des malades, et une stabilisation de la maladie a été notée dans 17 % des cas. L'amélioration des signes cliniques a été directement mise en relation avec une diminution du nombre des antigènes spécifiquesà la prostate et des concentrations sanguines en testostérone 3 à 4 semaine après le démarrage du traitement. L'acétate de leuproréline retard a été bien toléré et il s'est avéré d'utilisation aisées. Uno studio condotto su 470 pazienti affetti da adenocarcinoma metas-tatizzato delia prostata ha confermato l'efficacia di 3,75 mg di leuprorelin acetato, in preparazione “ritardo”, somministrato per via sottocutanea una volta al mese. E’ stata riscontrata una rapida remissione del dolore osseo ed un miglioramento delie condizioni generali del paziente e delia minzione. L'attività sessuale è stata conservata dal 50% dei pazienti. Dopo un trattamento di 3 mesi, non è stato registrate alcun peggioramento nel 95% dei pazienti, una completa remissione nel 39% ed una parziale remissione nel 49%, il 17% dei casi si è stabilizzato. II miglioramento dei parametri clinici è stato posto in diretta correlazione con il decremento delia quantità di antigene specifico prostatico ed è stato associato con un decremento delie concentrazioni seriche di testosterone entro 3–4 settimane dall'inizio del trattamento. Il leuprorelin acetato, in preparazione “ritardo”, è stato ben tollerato ed è risultato di facile impiego e conservazione.
Suicide Ideation in Different Generations of Immigrants
Authors: Kennedy M Alexis , Parhar Karen K , Samra Joti , Gorzalka Boris 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To identify whether pressures associated with acculturation are related to suicide ideation. Method: We assessed 1135 undergraduates, using suicide measures and the Vancouver Index of Acculturation. Results and Conclusions: Suicide ideation, plans, and attempts did not vary by generation level or with mainstream acculturation for any of the ethnic groups studied (European, Chinese, and Indo-Asian), nor did they vary among ethnic groups. The results indicate that individuals who identified closely with their heritage culture were at an increased risk for suicidal thoughts but not for suicide plans or attempts.
Nightmares and Serum Cholesterol Level: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Agargun Mehmet Yucel , Gulec Mustafa , Cilli Ali Savas , Kara Hayrettin , Sekeroglu Ramazan , Dulger Haluk , Besiroglu Lutfullah , Inci Rifat 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To examine whether there is a relation between nightmares and serum lipid levels. Methods: Fifteen subjects who met DSM-IV criteria for the diagnosis of nightmare disorder and 15 healthy control subjects participated in the study. We used an enzymatic colorimetric method for cholesterol and triglyceride determination. We measured high-density lipoprotien (HDL) cholesterol using the direct HDL-cholesterol method. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was calculated according to the Friedewald formula. Results: Patients with nightmare disorder had lower serum triglyceride, lower total cholesterol, and lower LDL levels than healthy control subjects. Conclusion: These findings suggest that nightmares are associated with low serum lipid levels.
Open-Label Adjunctive Topiramate in the Treatment of Unstable Bipolar Disorder
Authors: McIntyre Roger S , Riccardelli Rosanna , Binder Carin , Kusumakar Vivek 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To assess open-label adjunctive topiramate in the treatment of outpatients with unstable bipolar disorder (BD). Method: Outpatients with DSM-IV–defined BD (I or II) exhibiting mood instability were enrolled in this 16-week, open-label, multicentre study. Topiramate was added to existing mood stabilizers and other psychotropic treatments. The primary effectiveness measure was the Clinical Global Impression of Severity (CGI-S) scale; other scales included the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and the Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Safety assessments included monitoring adverse events, measuring tremor, monitoring vital signs and weight, and laboratory indices. We also evaluated patient satisfaction with treatment. Results: A total of 109 patients were enrolled. Intent-to-treat analysis showed significant improvement from baseline in the CGI-S, YMRS, and MADRS, starting at Week 2 ( P < 0.001), with further accrual of benefit between Week 2 and Week 16 ( P < 0.001). The mean modal dosage of topiramate during the stable dosing period was 180 mg daily. There was a mean 1.8 kg decrease in patient weight from topiramate initiation to Week 16 ( P < 0.001). Topiramate was well tolerated by most patients; 11% withdrew from the study owing to adverse events. We noted a significant reduction in the mean severity score for preexisting tremor by Week 8 of treatment ( P < 0.005); no notable changes in vital signs were observed. At Week 16, 50% of the patients were “completely satisfied” with topiramate treatment. Conclusions: Adjunctive topiramate treatment can reduce the severity of manic and depressive symptoms, as well as reducing tremor and weight in outpatients with BD I or II.
Screening for Major Depression and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Asylum Seekers: Adapting a Standardized Instrument to the Social and Cultural Context
Authors: Durieux-Paillard Sophie , Whitaker-Clinch Barbara , Bovier Patrick A , Eytan Ariel 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To adapt the PTSD and MDE sections of a validated psychiatric diagnostic instrument, we used the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) during an initial health assessment into a primary care facility for asylum seekers. Method: A 3-step process was carried out. First, items of the original version of the MINI were adapted to the specific context of life of asylum seekers in the host country (by a multidisciplinary group that included public health nurses, a primary care physician, a psychologist, a psychiatrist, and an epidemiologist). Second, we submitted the reworded and original versions of the MINI to 14 interpreters' who tested for general and cultural acceptability. Each diagnostic criterion was rated according to interpreters' comments on a 4-point Likert scale (1 = an item good for translation and 4 = an unusable or completely inadequate item). In the third step, we rephrased the most problematic items identified by the interpreters. Results: Some original items were considered particularly ill-adapted for this context, and 4 had to be dropped. This final rewording took into account cultural inadequacies and lack of structure (including temporal organization) of the everyday life of newly arrived asylum seekers. Conclusion: The reworded MINI was successfully tested, and its items are presented in the final part of the study.
Advances in Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for Unipolar Depression
Authors: Kuyken Willem , Dalgleish Tim , Holden Emily R 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To describe the main innovations in our theoretical understanding of depression and key clinical developments in cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT). We outline the current status of CBT and discuss how it can respond to the public health problem of depression. Method: We undertook a narrative literature review. Results: CBT provides a sophisticated, empirically grounded account of depression and an evidence-based therapeutic approach for people who suffer from depression. Beyond its efficacy in treating acute depression, it has prophylactic effects and is acceptable to various populations in a range of settings. Good theoretical accounts of the emergence of depression in adolescence are forthcoming; to date, however, attempts at primary prevention are unconvincing. Our understanding of factors contributing to positive outcomes is growing, allowing CBT to be tailored to individual client needs. Conclusions: CBT is a mainstay approach to depression. Significant remaining challenges include tailoring it to different populations and settings and, most importantly, ensuring that it is more readily accessible.
How Well Do Psychosocial Interventions Work in Bipolar Disorder?
Authors: Zaretsky Ari E , Rizvi Sakina , Parikh Sagar V 
Published: January 2017

Objective: Although medication is the mainstay of treatment for bipolar disorder, several adjunctive psychosocial interventions have been manualized over the last decade. This paper's objective is to empirically evaluate the different treatment approaches. Method: We conducted a systematic review of the recent literature pertaining to psychosocial interventions in bipolar, using MEDLINE and PsycINFO. Bibliographies of papers were scrutinized for further relevant references. Articles published from 1999 up to and including 2006 were reviewed. Randomized controlled trials were emphasized. Conclusions: Although psychological models of bipolar disorder fail to inform the psychotherapy treatment to the same extent as in unipolar depression, manualized adjunctive, short-term psychotherapies have been shown to offer fairly consistent benefits to bipolar disorder patients. Cognitive-behavioural therapy, family-focused therapy, and psychoeducation offer the most robust efficacy in regard to relapse prevention, while interpersonal therapy and cognitive-behavioural therapy may offer more benefit in treating residual depressive symptoms.
Structured Assessment of Mental Health Status in Psychogeriatrics: Validity of the French HoNOS65+
Authors: Canuto Alessandra , Weber Kerstin , Gold Gabriel , Notaridis Grigorios , Michon Agnès , Giardini Umberto , Delaloye Christophe , Herrmann François , Giannakopoulos Panteleimon 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To assess the reliability, validity, and feasibility of a French version of the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Elderly People (HoNOS65+). Method: Twenty mental health professionals completed the scale for 126 elderly patients. We assessed interrater reliability in inpatient and outpatient settings, together with construct and discriminant validity, as well as concurrent validity compared with several widely used clinical instruments. Results: Excellent agreement among raters was observed in the outpatient subgroup (kappa range 0.77 to 1.00), whereas interrater reliability was modest in the inpatient subgroup (kappa values < 0.55). In cases where the patient–caregiver relationship lasted more than 1 month, the reliability of the scale improved. Construct validity analysis revealed no subscale structure. All items except “self-injury” displayed high concurrent validity (significant Spearman correlations with 8 other questionnaires). In terms of discriminant validity, the “cognitive impairment” (area under the curve [AUC] 0.91) and “depressive symptoms” (AUC 0.79) items showed high sensitivity and specificity values. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the French version of HoNOS65+ is a promising clinical assessment tool to evaluate mental disorders in the elderly in outpatient settings. We support its use in routine clinical practice, with the condition that a relatively long and individualized patient–caregiver relationship has been established.
Episodic Memory Bias and the Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Authors: Lepage Martin , Sergerie Karine , Pelletier Marc , Harvey Philippe-Olivier 
Published: January 2017

Much of the research on episodic memory in schizophrenia spectrum disorders has focused on memory deficits and how they relate to clinical measures such as outcome. Memory bias refers to the modulatory influence that state or trait psychopathology may exert on memory performance for specific categories of stimuli, often emotional in nature. For example, subjects suffering from depression frequently have better memory for negative stimuli than for neutral or positive ones. This dimension of memory function has received only scant attention in schizophrenia research but could provide fresh new insights into the relation between symptoms and neurocognition. This paper reviews the studies that have explored memory biases in individuals with schizophrenia. With respect to positive symptoms, we examine studies that have explored the link between persecutory delusions and memory bias for threatening information and between psychosis and a memory bias toward external source memory. Although relatively few studies have examined negative symptoms, we also review preliminary evidence indicating that flat affect and anhedonia may lead to some specific emotional memory biases. Finally, we present recent findings from our group delineating the relation between emotional valence for faces and memory bias toward novelty and familiarity, both in schizophrenia patients and in healthy control subjects. A better understanding of the biasing effects of psychopathology on memory in schizophrenia (but also on other cognitive functions, such as attention, attribution, and so forth) may provide a stronger association between positive and negative symptoms and memory function. Memory measures sensitive to such biases may turn out to be stronger predictors of clinical and functional outcome.