bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making a makerspace case for academic libraries in Nigeria
Authors: Okpala Helen Nneka 
Published: October 2016

PurposeThis paper aims to give a highlight on the concept of makerspace and its perceived benefits in academic libraries in Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachThe searches encompass current journal articles, books, newspapers, magazines, personal experiences on the concept of makerspace, 3D-printing and technologies in libraries. Practical examples of libraries that already have makerspaces in operation were sourced.FindingsFindings of this study create awareness of benefits, challenges and strategies for developing and managing makerspaces in Nigerian academic libraries, using Zenith Library as a hypothetical sample.Research limitations/implicationsOnly the proposal guide has been drafted. There is need for more investigations on the awareness of, and plan to adopt makerspace technologies in Nigerian academic libraries.Practical implicationsLibrarians need to appreciate the makerspace technologies and forge ahead in establishing makerspace in strategic areas of their libraries which should serve as a meeting point for all users in the university community, and for the sharing of innovative ideas.Social implicationsThere is need for a paradigm shift in Nigerian university libraries, hence the shift in librarians’ thinking and approach to find their place in the new maker movement.Originality/valueThe originality of the paper lies in its justification for establishing makerspace in Nigerian academic libraries alongside the drafted proposal which has been designed to serve as a guide to libraries in Nigeria, as no makerspace has been documented to be existing in any Nigerian library.
Additive manufacturing cost estimation for buy scenarios
Authors: Baldinger Matthias , Levy Gideon , Schönsleben Paul , Wandfluh Matthias 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
To design for additive manufacturing (AM), the decision to use AM needs to be taken early in the product development process. Therefore, engineers need to be able to estimate AM part cost based on the few parameters available at this point in the process. This paper aims to develop suitable cost estimation models for this purpose, focusing on buy scenarios, as many companies choose to buy parts at service providers.

Design/methodology/approach
This study applies analogical cost estimation techniques to a data set of price quotations for laser sintering and laser melting parts.

Findings
The paper proposes easy-to-apply cost estimation models for laser sintering and laser melting for buy scenarios. Further, it generates new insights on the AM service provider market.

Research limitations/implications
The proposed models are only suitable for buy scenarios and are only a snapshot of cost achievable in 2014.

Practical implications
The proposed cost estimation models enable engineers to approximate AM part costs early in the product development process and thereby ease the decision to rapid manufacture certain parts.

Originality/value
This study addresses two gaps in the AM cost literature. It is the first study to take a qualitative approach to AM cost estimation, which is more suitable early in the product development process than the currently available quantitative studies. Further, it develops the first cost estimation for buy scenarios.
The effects of moisture and temperature on the mechanical properties of additive manufacturing components: fused deposition modeling
Authors: Kim Eunseob , Shin Yong-Jun , Ahn Sung-Hoon 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the water absorption behaviors and mechanical properties, according to water absorption and temperature, of components fabricated by fused deposition modeling (FDM) and injection molding. The mechanical properties of FDM and injection molded parts were studied under several environmental conditions.

Design/methodology/approach
FDM components can be used as load-carrying elements under a range of moisture and temperature conditions. FDM parts show anisotropic mechanical properties according to build orientation. Components were fabricated from acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene in three different orientations. The mechanical properties of parts fabricated by FDM were compared to injection molded components made from the same material. Water absorption tests were conducted in distilled water between 20 and 60°C to identify the maximum water absorption rate. Both moisture and temperature were considered as environmental variables in the tensile tests, which were conducted under various conditions to measure the effects on mechanical properties.

Findings
The water absorption behavior of FDM components obeyed Fickian diffusion theory, irrespective of the temperature. High temperatures accelerated the diffusion rate, although the maximum water absorption rate was not affected. The tensile strength of FDM parts under dry, room temperature conditions, was approximately 26-56 per cent that of injection molded parts, depending on build orientation. Increased temperature and water absorption had a more significant effect on FDM parts than injection molded components. The tensile strength was decreased by 67-71 per cent in hot, wet environments compared with dry, room temperature conditions.

Originality/value
The water absorption behavior of FDM components was investigated. The quantitative effects of temperature and moisture on tensile strength, modulus and strain were also measured. These results will contribute to the design of FDM parts for use under various environmental conditions.
The auto industry: adapt to disruptive innovations or risk extinction
Authors: Butler Frank C. , Martin John A. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the automotive industry and how it ripe for disruption. By examining the current state of the industry and how technology will shape the future of the car, this paper outlines why the automotive industry is ready to be disrupted and provides insights as to whom the major players may be in the future and why.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses examples from companies and the media to identify how the automotive industry is ready to be disrupted.

Findings
This paper identifies that the automotive industry is ready to be disrupted. With Tesla having secured over 400,000 pre-orders for its new Model 3 sedan, there is a movement that will pave the way to a new era of the automobile.

Practical implications
This paper demonstrates that a new way of thinking is needed for top managers at traditional automakers. In this paper, a new way of thinking about the future of the car is presented.

Originality/value
This paper takes a new perspective on what the future of the automobile may resemble and the companies that will likely be involved as a result of the disruption in the industry.
Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant iron superoxide dismutase protein from Bordetella pertussis in mice models
Authors: Yılmaz Çiğdem , Apak Aycan , Özcengiz Erkan , Özcengiz Gülay 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTWhooping cough (pertussis) is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by Bordetella pertussis. Although availability of effective pertussis vaccines reportedly decreases the incidence of the disease, B. pertussis circulation in populations has not been eliminated. Thus, it is necessary to find new protein candidates with greater immune protective capacities than the currently available acellular pertussis vaccines. In this study, iron superoxide dismutase (FeSOD) gene (sodB) was cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli and recombinant FeSOD protein thence purified. The recombinant protein (rFeSOD) was formulated with aluminum hydroxide (Alum) or monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) and injected intraperitoneally to immunize mice, after which IgG1, IgG2a and IFN‐γ titers were measured to assess humoral and cellular responses, respectively, to these immunizations. The extent of bacterial colonization in lungs of intranasally challenged mice was determined 5, 8 and 14 days post‐challenge. IgG1 and IgG2a responses were significantly stronger in mice that had been immunized with rFeSOD–MPLA than in those that had received rFeSOD‐Alum (P < 0.05). Additionally, IgG2a titers were higher in mice vaccinated with recombinant protein FeSOD (rFeSOD) formulated with MPLA, especially after the second immunization. Immunization with rFeSOD–MPLA also provided a modest, but significant decrease in bacterial counts in lungs of mice (P < 0.05). Antigen specific‐IFN‐γ responses were significantly stronger in the group vaccinated with rFeSOD–MPLA, which could account for the lower bacterial counts. These findings suggest that rFeSOD protein formulated with MPLA has potential as an acellular pertussis vaccine candidate component.
Biome‐scale signatures of land‐use change on raptor abundance: insights from single‐visit detection‐based models
Authors: Dénes Francisco Voeroes , Sólymos Péter , Lele Subhash , Silveira Luís Fábio , Beissinger Steven R. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryDeclines in raptor populations often result from the transformation of natural habitats to anthropogenic land uses, but the rate of population change can vary greatly among species. Declines associated with land transformation have been linked to loss of foraging habitat, prey resources and nest sites due to expanding cultivation, overgrazing and disturbance of nests and persecution by humans.We combined extensive road‐survey counts of raptors, large‐scaleGISdata sets and a single‐visit conditional likelihoodN‐mixture model to generate biome‐scale projections of abundance as a function of environmental covariates while correcting for detection error and other forms of zero inflation. This approach was employed to investigate how land‐use transformations in the threatened Cerrado savannas and Pantanal wetlands in Brazil have affected the populations of raptors on a large scale (>300 000 km2). We predicted that predominance of land uses with fewer or less accessible prey and scarcer nesting sites would sustain smaller raptor populations.Twelve species were encountered sufficiently to estimate abundance, while 20 others were encountered too infrequently to permit abundance estimation. Detection of all 12 species was influenced by time of day, with variable species‐specific effects that followed expectations based on foraging and flight behaviour.Abundance of most species was negatively influenced by conversion of natural habitats to pastures, an effect that held even for generalist species considered poor indicators of habitat quality, but was not universally impacted by urbanization and soya beans, sugarcane and Eucalyptus plantations, confirming the expectation that some species may tolerate these habitats. Spatial projections of abundance appeared realistic for most species.Synthesis and applications. Protection of the remaining natural habitats is essential to prevent further decline of raptor populations in the Brazilian Cerrado and Pantanal, and restoration of unproductive pastures into natural habitat could prove an efficient strategy to recover diminished raptor populations. The conditional likelihood single‐visit approach is a valid and useful tool for measuring population size and for making detection‐corrected inferences of abundance over large geographical scales with sensible research budgets. Incorporating the approach into a multispecies framework would allow future studies to make important inferences for entire communities.
Increased root herbivory under elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations is reversed by silicon‐based plant defences
Authors: Frew Adam , Allsopp Peter G. , Gherlenda Andrew N. , Johnson Scott N. 
Published: October 2016

Summary

Predicted increases in atmospheric concentrations of CO2 may alter the susceptibility of many plants to insect herbivores due to changes in plant nutrition and defences. Silicon plays a critical role in plant defence against herbivores, so increasing such silicon‐based defences in plants may help remediate situations where plants become more susceptible to herbivores.

Sugar cane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) was subjected to fully factorial treatment combinations of ambient (aCO2) or elevated (eCO2) atmospheric CO2 concentrations; ambient silicon or silicon supplementation; insect‐free or subject to root herbivory by greyback canegrub (Dermolepida albohirtum). A glasshouse study was used to determine how these factors affected rates of photosynthesis, growth, chemistry (concentrations of silicon, carbon, nitrogen and non‐structural carbohydrates). Changes in canegrub mass were determined in the glasshouse pot study, together with more detailed assessment of how eCO2 and silicon supplementation affected performance and feeding behaviour (relative growth rate and relative consumption) in a 24‐h feeding efficiency assay.

Elevated CO2 and silicon supplementation increased rates of photosynthesis (+32% and 14%, respectively) and sugar cane biomass (+45% and 69%, respectively). Silicon supplementation increased silicon concentrations in both leaves and roots by 54% and 75%, respectively. eCO2 caused root C : N to increase by 12%.

Canegrub performance and consumption increased under eCO2; relative growth rate (RGR) increased by 116% and consumed 57% more root material (suggestive of compensatory feeding). Silicon application reversed these effects, with large decreases in mass change, RGR and root consumption (65% less root mass consumed).

Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest future atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations could lead to increased crop damage by a below‐ground herbivore. Increasing bioavailable silicon in soil stimulated silicon‐based defences which dramatically decreased herbivory and herbivore performance. Our findings suggest future pest management strategies could benefit from characterising deficiencies in bioavailable silicon in agricultural soils and targeted application of silicon fertilisers. Moreover, future breeding programmes should exploit variation in silicon uptake between cultivars to enhance silicon uptake in new crop varieties. Silicon‐based plant defence proved to be highly beneficial for remediating the negative effects of atmospheric change on sugar cane susceptibility to herbivory and could be applicable in other crops.
Assessment of the link between endothelin K198n Snp, endothelin concentration and acute myocardial infarction in Egyptians
Authors: Abdel Rahman Mohamed F , Hashad Ingy M , Abou‐Aisha Khaled , Abdel Maksoud Sahar M , Gad Mohamed Z 
Published: October 2016

SummaryThe aim of the current study was to assess the link between EDN K198N SNP, ET‐1 serum concentration and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Egyptians. The study cohort consisted of 84 patients at AMI onset and 84 age‐matched healthy controls. Endothelin genotypes and concentrations were determined by sequencing and ELISA, respectively. Genotype distribution was not significantly different between AMI patients and controls (P=.8341). The mean serum ET‐1 concentration of patients (13.83±0.7 pg/mL) was significantly higher than controls (7.26±0.2 pg/mL) (P<.0001). ET‐1 serum concentrations did not vary significantly among various EDN genotypes in patients (P=.378) and controls (P=.6164). Hence, we conclude that EDN K198N genotypes were not related to either ET‐1 concentration or incidence of early‐onset AMI in Egyptians. But, AMI patients had higher ET‐1 concentrations than controls.
Comparison of formula‐fed infants with and without colic revealed significant differences in total bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and faecal ammonia
Authors: Savino Francesco , Quartieri Andrea , De Marco Angela , Garro Maria , Amaretti Alberto , Raimondi Stefano , Simone Marta , Rossi Maddalena 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimThis study compared the faecal microbial composition of formula‐fed infants who did and did not have colic.MethodsFaecal samples from formula‐fed infants under 16 weeks of age with (n = 38) and without (n = 39) colic were collected at Department of Pediatrics in Turin, Italy, between February 2014 and October 2015. The pH and faecal ammonia were determined and total bacteria, bifidobacteria, lactic acid bacteria and coliforms were quantified by fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH).ResultsFaecal ammonia was significantly higher in the colicky infants than in the controls (483 vs. 216 μg/g, p < 0.05). The FISH counts of total bacteria were lower in colicky infants (1.8E10 ± 1.5E10) than in the controls (3.4E10 ± 3.0E10) (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of coliform bacteria was significantly higher in colicky infants (p < 0.05). No differences were observed for the bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria counts between the two groups.ConclusionOur comparison of formula‐fed infants with and without colic revealed significant differences in total bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and faecal ammonia. This study provides the stimulus for further studies of the gut microbiome, using new methods of analysis such as 16S metagenomics sequencing in order to lead to more tailored dietary approaches.
Large climate change, large effect? Vegetation changes over the past century in the European High Arctic
Authors: Kapfer Jutta , Grytnes John‐Arvid 
Published: October 2016

AbstractQuestionsTerrestrial vegetation is assumed to be highly vulnerable to climate change in the Arctic, which has experienced the highest rates of temperature increase globally over the past decades. However, long‐term studies at the community scale are rare, particularly for the European High Arctic. We ask: (1) has Arctic vegetation changed over the past century; (2) can observed changes be related to recent climate change; and (3) do observed changes in vegetation prevail for specific species or species functional groups?LocationThe Svalbard Archipelago, High Arctic Norway.MethodsIn 2009 we resurveyed three plant sociological studies up to 85 yrs after the first surveys. Vegetation data were recorded from 1‐m2 non‐permanently marked plots, and soil pH was measured. We applied restricted permutation tests to evaluate whether observed changes in vegetation (species richness, occurrence frequency, coverage) and in soil pH were significant and independent of plant community type. We compared species co‐occurrences over time to study changes in species composition and to identify the species most likely causing these changes.ResultsTotal number of species and average number of species per plot has not changed, and are 75 and nine, respectively. Occurrence frequency changed significantly for 34% of the 64 species tested (11 species increased, 11 decreased). Species cover decreased significantly for 27% of the species and increased for one species. Observed changes in frequency and cover are not significantly related to species’ functional groups or species affiliated to moist or dry habitats. Polygonum viviparum, Saxifraga cernua and Alopecurus borealis have changed most in co‐occurring with other species. Soil pH increased significantly from 6.4 to 6.8.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the strong climatic warming in the High Arctic over the past decades has contributed to significant changes in the vegetation studied on Svalbard over the past 85 yrs. Internal community restructuring and the overall stability in species richness may be explained by time‐delayed responses of well‐established communities, and/or by a limited size of the species pool in the area.
Predictors of dyadic planning: Perspectives of prostate cancer survivors and their partners
Authors: Keller Jan , Wiedemann Amelie U. , Hohl Diana Hilda , Scholz Urte , Burkert Silke , Schrader Mark , Knoll Nina 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesExtending individual planning of health behaviour change to the level of the dyad, dyadic planning refers to a target person and a planning partner jointly planning the target person's health behaviour change. To date, predictors of dyadic planning have not been systematically investigated. Integrating cognitive predictors of individual planning with four established predictor domains of social support provision, we propose a framework of predictors of dyadic planning. Including target persons’ and partners’ perspectives, we examine these predictor domains in the context of prostate cancer patients’ rehabilitative pelvic floor exercise (PFE) following radical prostatectomy.DesignLongitudinal data from 175 patients and their partners were analysed in a study with four post‐surgery assessments across 6 months.MethodsPFE‐related dyadic planning was assessed from both partners together with indicators from four predictor domains: context, target person, partner, and relationship factors. Individual planning and social support served as covariates.ResultsFindings from two‐level models nesting repeated assessments in individuals showed that context (patients’ incontinence), target person (i.e., positive affect and self‐efficacy), and relationship factors (i.e., relationship satisfaction) were uniquely associated with dyadic planning, whereas partner factors (i.e., positive and negative affects) were not. Factors predicting patients’ and partners’ accounts of dyadic planning differed.ConclusionsResembling prior findings on antecedents of support provision in this context, partner factors did not prevail as unique predictors of dyadic planning, whereas indicators from all other predictor domains did. To establish predictive direction, future work should use lagged predictions with shorter intermeasurement intervals.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Dyadic planning has been shown to be linked to health behaviour change. However, its role in behaviour regulation frameworks is not well investigated, especially regarding factors that might be predictive of dyadic planning.

What does this study add?

A framework of predictors of dyadic planning in the health behaviour change process is presented.

The framework is investigated accounting for both planning partners’ perspectives.

Context, target person, and relationship factors were related to dyadic planning.