bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphorus Fertilizer Placement and Tillage Affect Soybean Root Growth and Drought Tolerance
Authors: Hansel Fernando D. , Amado Telmo J.C. , Ruiz Diaz Dorivar A. , Rosso Luiz H.M. , Nicoloso Fernando T. , Schorr Marcio 
Published: September 2017

Core Ideas
Phosphorus placement affect root system growth.
Strip‐till plus deep band P enhance deeper soybean root growth
Soybean root growth at deeper soil layers improve resilience to induced drought.
Tillage system and P fertilizer placement can affect plant root growth and therefore water and nutrient uptake. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of P fertilizer placement and tillage system on soybean [Glycine max (L.)] root growth and grain yield under induced drought stress. A field study was performed at two locations in southern Brazil, during the 2014/2015 season. Phosphorus fertilizer placement and tillage combinations were evaluated using triple superphosphate at 31 kg P ha−1. Treatments included: (i) strip‐tillage with deep band (ST–DB); (ii) strip‐tillage with band‐applied 5 by 5 cm (ST–B); (iii) no‐till with broadcast (NT–BR); (iv) no‐till with band‐applied 5 by 5 cm (NT–B); and (v) no‐till with surface‐band (NT–SB). Root length density (RLD) and root diameter were evaluated at 0‐ to 25‐cm depth in 5‐cm intervals. Yield was evaluated under rainfed as well as under induced drought conditions. The ST–DB treatment showed increased total RLD among treatments, with about 58% greater RLD than the NT–BR treatment, and 46% greater RLD than the NT–B treatment at the 15‐ to 25‐cm soil depth. Furthermore, the soybean yield penalty with the ST–DB treatment was lower than any other treatment with a yield reduction of about 9 and 0.3% at respective locations under induced drought stress. Results from our study showed that the ST–DB treatment contributed to enhance soybean root growth at deeper soil layers and improved overall resilience to induced drought.
Potassium Rates Affected Potassium Uptake and Use Efficiency in Drip‐Irrigated Tomato
Authors: Zhu Qiang , Ozores‐Hampton Monica , Li Yuncong C. , Morgan Kelly T. , Lu Yanyan 
Published: September 2017

Core IdeasPotassium input at early growth stage should be low when initial soil K level was high.Increasing K rate reduced the proportion of K uptake distributed to tomato fruits.Efficiency of converting K fertilizer into yield decreased with increasing K rate.Potassium rate of 192 kg ha–1was considered the sufficient total K input.Knowledge regarding K accumulation and partitioning is essential for improving potassium use efficiency (KUE). The objective of this study was to determine K uptake, distribution, and KUE in tomato (Solanum lycopersicumL.) production with multiple K rates. Field trials were conducted during the winter seasons of 2014 and 2015. Potassium was applied at 0, 56, 93, 149, 186, and 223 kg ha−1and divided into pre‐plant dry fertilizer and weekly drip fertigation. Total potassium uptakes (TKU) at 30 d after transplanting (DAT) were not significantly affected by K rates, and averaged 5 and 14 kg ha−1in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The response of TKU at 95 DAT was predicted by a linear‐plateau model with a critical rate of 192 kg ha−1and a maximum uptake of 264 kg ha−1in 2014, whereas a linear response was observed in 2015. The highest proportion of TKU at 95 DAT was accumulated in fruit, which ranged from 66 to 80% and 37 to 54% in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The ratio of fruit K uptake to TKU decreased with increasing K rate predicted by linear‐plateau models with critical rates of 187 and 218 kg ha−1in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Results indicated the efficiency of converting K fertilizer into marketable yield also decreased with increasing K rate. Therefore, 192 kg ha−1was considered the sufficient K fertilizer requirement for tomato production on calcareous soils with 99 to 112 mg kg−1of Mehlich‐3 extractable K.
Rice Grain Yield and Nitrogen Uptake as Affected by Urea Amendment and Rainfall Timing
Authors: Dempsey Randy J. , Slaton Nathan A. , Roberts Trenton L. , Norman Richard. J. 
Published: September 2017

Core Ideas
Use of NBPT‐treated urea maximized N uptake and grain yield of rice regardless of soil moisture.
Rainfall between urea application and flooding may be detrimental to rice grain yield.
Dry soil conditions before and after urea application maximize fertilizer‐N recovery by rice.
Nitrogen loss in the delayed‐flood method of rice (Oryza sativa L.) production is minimized by applying urea to a dry soil, use of a urease inhibitor, and immediate flooding. The time required to flood fields is often a factor limiting fertilizer‐N recovery. Our objectives were to compare the effects of simulated rainfall timing, N‐(n‐butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) rate, and nitrapyrin (NP) rate on rice aboveground‐N content and grain yield. Field experiments evaluated rice growth as affected by NBPT rate (0 and 0.89 g NBPT kg−1 urea), NP rate (0 and 572 g NP ha−1), and three simulated rainfall timings (no simulated rainfall [NOSR], simulated rainfall before nitrogen [SRBN], and simulated rainfall after nitrogen [SRAN]). Yield was unaffected by simulated rainfall timing when rice was fertilized with NBPT‐treated urea (7904–8264 kg ha−1). When rice was fertilized with untreated urea, grain yields were greater with NOSR than with SRAN or SRBN. Within each simulated rainfall timing, rice yields were 6.9 to 21.3% greater when NBPT‐treated urea was applied. Nitrapyrin rate had no effect on yield in 2013, but, compared to untreated urea, NP‐treated urea decreased yield by 5.6% in 2014. Application of urea to moist soil followed by dry conditions or dry soil followed by rainfall are field environments that result in lower yields presumably to fertilizer N loss than when urea is applied to a dry soil that remains dry until rice is flooded. Use of urea amended with NBPT maximized grain yield in each simulated rainfall scenario.
Adapting DSSAT Model for Simulation of Cotton Yield for Nitrogen Levels and Planting Dates
Authors: Arshad Muhammad Naveed , Ahmad Ashfaq , Wajid Syed Aftab , Cheema Muhammad Jehanzeb Masud , Schwartz Mark W. 
Published: September 2017

Experiment was conducted to test and validate DSSAT model for dynamic simulation of growth, development, and seed‐cotton yield.Simulated values of days to anthesis, maturity, dry matter, and yield by model were reliable with recorded data.Seasonal analysis showed 23.0, 4.2, and 14.9% yield reduction at Faisalabad, Sahiwal, and Multan, respectively under future changing climate.Strategy analysis showed that May sown of cultivar FH‐142 at Faisalabad and Sahiwal and MNH‐886 at Multan with 200 kg N ha−1can be a viable option to get maximum yield.The DSSAT module for Cotton Crop Modeling has been widely evaluated as a tool to predict the effect of climate change on productivity. A 2‐yr multifactorial experiment was conducted at three locations of Pakistan (Faisalabad, Sahiwal, and Multan) to test and validate this model for dynamic simulation of growth, development, and seed‐cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) yield of cultivars (3) at varying N increments (three levels) sown at two different timings (1 May and 1 June). The model was first calibrated with field data collected during 2014 based on the best performing treatment (May sown and 200 kg N ha−1). Data of year 2015 was then used for further validation. Modeled values of various phenological attributes (e.g., days to anthesis and maturity) by model were reliable with recorded data, having root mean square error (RMSE) less than 2 d during both years. The RMSE values for total dry matter and seed‐cotton yield were reasonably good (278–573 kg ha−1and 237–422 kg ha−1, respectively). Applying 1980 to 2015 climate histories for the three regions, we found Faisalabad to be vulnerable up to 23.0% reduction of yield followed by Multan (14.9%), whereas the Sahiwal region is modeled as much more resilient, with less than 5% predicted reductions in yield. Finally, we found that strategic cultivar choice and timing of planting can alleviate many of the adverse impacts of changing climates on cotton yield. We conclude that the DSSAT model can be effective as a tool to make strategic cotton planting choices under changing climates.
Maize Residue Removal and Cover Crop Effects on Subsequent Soybean Crops
Authors: Riedell Walter E. , Osborne Shannon L. , Dagel Kurt J. 
Published: September 2017

Core Ideas
Corn residue removal and cover crop effects on soybeans were measured.
Treatments had no effects in years with average temperature and precipitation.
Residue removal reduced soybean yield in years characterized by drought.
Cover crops also reduced soybean yield in years characterized by drought.
Residue management and cover crops are important cropping system components. Maize (Zea mays L.) residue removal and cover crop effects on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed moisture at harvest, grain yield, and seed mineral concentrations were examined. Maize residue removal treatments [low‐residue removal (LRR) (grain harvest only), medium‐residue removal (MRR) (stalks chopped and baled after grain harvest), and high‐residue removal (HRR) (stalks cut and removed as silage)] under no‐till maize/soybean rotations were established near Brookings, SD, in 2000. Subplot treatments, begun in 2005, were the absence or presence of the cover crops fall‐planted slender wheatgrass [Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners] in maize and hairy vetch [Vicia villosa (Roth)] plus oats (Avena sativa L.) in soybean. Soybean data from 2009 through 2012 were evaluated. Across years and cover crops, LRR maintained 3587 ± 280 kg ha−1 preseason maize residue, MRR had 2269 ± 227 kg ha−1, and HRR had 1414 ± 172 kg ha−1. Grain moisture was greater (P = 0.03) in LRR (119.6 ± 1.8 g kg−1) than MRR (114.0 ± 1.4 g kg−1) or HRR (114.7 ± 1.5 g kg−1). Grain N was less (P = 0.04) under LRR (62.4 ± 0.5 g kg−1) than MRR (63.4 ± 0.6 g kg−1) or HRR (63.8 ± 0.5 g kg−1). Only during 2012, which had a warm and very dry summer, did MRR (3294 ± 88 kg ha−1) or HRR (3363 ± 141 kg ha−1) have less grain yield than LRR (3766 ± 145 kg ha−1). Cover crops reduced yield in 2012 (3233 ± 78 kg ha−1 with cover crops; 3716 ± 102 kg ha−1 without). Maize residue removal or cover crop cultivation reduced yield only during a growing season with a warm and very dry summer.
Influence of Biochar on Deposition and Release of Clay Colloids in Saturated Porous Media
Authors: Haque Muhammad Emdadul , Shen Chongyang , Li Tiantian , Chu Haoxue , Wang Hong , Li Zhen , Huang Yuanfang 
Published: September 2017

Although the potential application of biochar in soil remediation has been recognized, the effect of biochar on the transport of clay colloids, and accordingly the fate of colloid‐associated contaminants, is unclear to date. This study conducted saturated column experiments to systematically examine transport of clay colloids in biochar‐amended sand porous media in different electrolytes at different ionic strengths. The obtained breakthrough curves were simulated by the convection–diffusion equation, which included a first‐order deposition and release terms. The deposition mechanisms were interpreted by calculating Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek interaction energies. A linear relationship between the simulated deposition rate or the attachment efficiency and the fraction of biochar was observed (R2 ≥ 0.91), indicating more favorable deposition in biochar than in sand. The interaction energy calculations show that the greater deposition in biochar occurs because the half‐tube–like cavities on the biochar surfaces favor deposition in secondary minima and the nanoscale physical and chemical heterogeneities on the biochar surfaces increase deposition in primary minima. The deposited clay colloids in NaCl can be released by reduction of ionic strength, whereas the presence of a bivalent cation (Ca2+) results in irreversible deposition due to the formation of cation bridging between the colloids and biochar surfaces. The deposition and release of clay colloids on or from biochar surfaces not only change their mobilizations in the soil but also influence the efficiency of the biochar for removal of pollutants. Therefore, the influence of biochar on clay colloid transport must be considered before application of the biochar in soil remediation.Core Ideas
We examined the transport of clay colloids in biochar‐amended sand porous media.
Clay colloids were more favorably deposited in biochar than in sand.
The half‐tube‐like cavities on biochar surfaces favor deposition in secondary minima.
Core Ideas Clay colloids were reversibly and irreversibly deposited in biochar in 1:1 and 2:1 electrolytes, respectively.
Sagebrush Wildfire Effects on Surface Soil Nutrient Availability: A Temporal and Spatial Study
Authors: Blank Robert R. , ClementsTye Charlie , Harmon MorganDan 
Published: September 2017

Core IdeasIn sagebrush ecosystems, wildfire effects on surface soil nutrient availability varied spatially.Wildfire increased surface soil nutrient availability long‐term, mostly in shrub canopies.Soil nutrients of greatest increase with long‐lasting elevated levels included mineral N and Mn.Wildfires occurring inArtemisia(sagebrush) ecosystems can temporarily increase soil nutrient availability in surface soil. Less is known, however, on how soil nutrient availability changes over time and microsite post‐wildfire. In October 2013 a wildfire approximately 30 km north of Reno, Nevada, occurred in anArtemisia tridentatassp.vaseyana(mountain big sagebrush) community. We quantified soil nutrient availability of surface soil (0–10 cm) by microsite (shrub interspace and shrub canopy), treatment (burned and unburned), and temporally (monthly from November 2013 through May 2015). Changes in nutrient availability, due to wildfire, largely occurred in shrub canopy microsites. For most months and relative to unburned shrub canopies, burned shrub canopies had elevated availability of mineral N (dominantly NH4+‐N), bicarbonate‐extractable P, DTPA‐extractable Mn, and solution‐phase Ca+2, Mg+2, SO4–2, K+, and ortho‐P. Burned shrub canopies also had, for most months, far less N mineralization potentials than unburned shrub canopies. The large increase in Mn availability in burned shrub canopies significantly correlates with mineral N and solution‐phase Ca+2and SO4–2, suggesting release via pyrolysis of soil organic matter. Except for a slight increase in solution‐phase Mg+2, SO4–2, and ortho‐P for particular months, there is little evidence for nutrient translocation from burned canopies to adjacent interspaces during the study. Density of the exotic annual grassBromus tectorumincreased from 5 to 10% cover pre‐wildfire to about 60% in the post‐wildfire growing season attesting to the importance of elevated soil nutrient availability to its growth.
Implementacja XIII Dyrektywy do polskiego porządku prawnego – zagadnienia wybrane
Authors: Rutkowska Ewelina 
Published: September 2017

Tematem artykułu jest implementacja wybranych postanowień XIII Dyrektywy do polskiego porządku prawnego. Szczegółowo opisano obowiązek wystosowania wezwania do zapisywania się na sprzedaż lub zamianę akcji publicznej spółki akcyjnej w przypadku jej wrogiego przejęcia. Scharakteryzowano zasady neutralności i przełamania recypowane do ustawy o ofercie publicznej. Poddano ocenie prawidłowość implementacji XIII Dyrektywy do polskiego porządku prawnego oraz dopuszczalność stosowania środków obrony przed wrogim przejęciem.
Usługi płatnicze realizowane urządzeniami mobilnymi – prawne aspekty funkcjonowania na rynku polskim (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem procesu autoryzacji transakcji)
Authors: Oppeln – Bronikowski Jerzy 
Published: September 2017

Artykuł dotyczy płatności mobilnych (płatności dokonywanych za pomocą urządzeń mobilnych), opartych o usługi takie jak Android Pay, Samsung Pay czy Apple Pay. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie podstawowych zagadnień, jakie pojawiają się na tle tego typu usług w odniesieniu do mających zastosowanie do przedmiotowego zagadnienia regulacji prawa polskiego (Prawa bankowego, ustawy o usługach płatniczych). Autor dokonuje analizy procesu dokonywania płatności uwzględniającego wykorzystanie jedynie karty płatniczej i porównania tej usługi do tej opartej na wykorzystaniu urządzeń mobilnych. Artykuł obejmuje wybrane problemy natury prawnej wynikające z różnic pomiędzy obiema procedurami m.in. odpowiedzialność wydawcy karty płatniczej za nieautoryzowane płatności oraz związane z nimi obowiązki użytkownika karty płatniczej.
Sandbar Formation in the Mesjid River Estuary, Rupat Strait, Riau Province, Indonesia
Authors: Rifardi Rifardi , Badrun Yeeri 
Published: September 2017

At the aim to clarify the relationship between the sandbar formation and lithogeneous sediment discharges, the sedimentological aspects of the Mesjid River Estuary are revealed by various analysis. The samples of bottom surface sediments and the suspended sediment were collected at 50 stations in the estuary using grab and van dorm samplers. Oceanographic observation were also carried out at the stations. The Mesjid River Estuary receives lithogeneous sediments mainly from the Mesjid River’s drainage areas which play important role on the formation of sandbar which is shown by a belt-like area (0.5-1.0 m depth) in the area off the river mouth. The sandbar might become a sandbank in 20 to 40 years later. High suspended sediment up to 354.61 mg/l indicates the river mouth receives lithogeneous sediments. Total of 926 ton/day of the sediments supplied by the river are deposited 0.024 m/year into the area.
Validez diagnóstica de la endosonografía biliopancreática en el diagnóstico de colangitis aguda secundaria a obstrucción biliar
Authors: Ricardo Ramírez Andrés Mauricio , Arango Molano Lázaro Antonio 
Published: September 2017

El diagnóstico de las colangiopatías obstructivas por endosonografía biliopancreática (EUS, por sus siglas en inglés), se ha estudiado en profundidad y existe un extenso reconocimiento de su papel para el diagnóstico de coledocolitiasis, tumores de la encrucijada biliopancreática y síndromes de compresión extrínseca de la vía biliar. La colangitis, complicación más frecuente de la obstrucción biliar y responsable de gran parte de su morbimortalidad, no se ha relacionado en forma suficiente con los hallazgos endosonográficos. Nuestro estudio buscó definir la validez diagnóstica de la endosonografía en los pacientes con colangitis aguda con el fin de limitar la morbimortalidad del retraso diagnóstico. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, analizando las historias clínicas de pacientes sometidos a endosonografía biliopancreática, por ictericia obstructiva de cualquier etiología y quienes posteriormente fueron llevados a colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE), para manejo de obstrucción biliar. Comparamos los hallazgos endosonográficos compatibles con colangitis aguda (engrosamiento de la vía biliar de 1,5 mm o >, presencia de halo pericolangítico de al menos 1,5 cm de longitud y presencia de contenido de ecogenicidad mixta en el interior de la vía biliar) con el drenaje purulento durante la CPRE.Se encontró una alta frecuencia de estos hallazgos en los pacientes con colangitis y el engrosamiento de las paredes de la vía biliar fue el más común, en el 92,6% de los casos, seguido por la presencia de halo pericolangítico en el 59,3% de los casos y contenido ductal en el 66,7% de los casos. Igualmente se encontró asociación ascendente de las frecuencias con grado de severidad de la colangitis. Resulta recomendable realizar estudios con un mayor poder estadístico que permitan validar nuestros resultados para una futura inclusión de la EUS en el algoritmo diagnóstico de las guías de práctica clínica en colangitis aguda.
Budgeting Audit Time: Effects of Audit Step Frame and Verifiability
Authors: Maksymov Eldar M. , Nelson Mark W. , Kinney William R 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
Auditors must ensure that their audit plans budget sufficient time for key audit steps. Research has shown that insufficient audit time budgets can be detrimental to audit quality. We examine whether framing audit steps negatively (e.g., assess whether management's assumptions are not appropriate) increases time budgets—particularly for steps in which the auditor perceives that performance quality is less verifiable, and thus most at risk of being performed with low quality. First, we report the results of analyses indicating that, in practice, audit steps are predominantly framed positively, potentially resulting in smaller time budgets. We then report the results of an experiment in which 50 experienced audit managers budget time for an audit program that tests a Level-3 fair-value estimate. Prior research and Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) inspections indicate that this is a challenging audit area, vulnerable to allegations of low audit quality. The results support our predictions and suggest that reframing audit steps negatively would increase audit time budgets—an audit quality indicator—particularly for less-verifiable steps.
Faire la frontière dans les murs du laboratoire
Authors: Gourarier Mélanie 
Published: September 2017

Aux États-Unis, l’usage d’un test ADN pour déterminer un lien de filiation dans les procédures de regroupement familial est devenu une nécessité en fonction des pays d’origine des requérants. Si ces tests n’ont pas de caractère obligatoire, ils sont toutefois systématiquement requis par les services de l’immigration pour les demandeurs en provenance de pays dans lesquels les actes de naissance sont suspectés de fraude. Aux vérités étatiques et personnelles est ainsi opposée une vérité prétendument absolue car neutre, celle de la biologie érigée en technique de contrôle. Reposant sur une ethnographie réalisée dans un centre de prélèvement de l’ADN situé à Brooklyn (New York), cet article interroge la « génétisation » des techniques de contrôle de l’immigration et son effet sur les histoires familiales et nationales.
L’État des origines
Authors: Roux Sébastien 
Published: September 2017

La « question des origines » traverse les débats contemporains sur la filiation ; il faudrait aujourd’hui, pour la sécurité psychique des enfants, révéler les conditions initiales des conceptions et/ou les existences antérieures à leur arrivée au sein des familles. En se concentrant sur le cas de l’adoption internationale (notamment sur la base d’une enquête menée en Éthiopie), cette contribution interroge les effets sociaux et politiques de cette nouvelle injonction à la « transparence », et questionne les modalités pratiques qui permettent l’édiction d’une telle histoire. Mettre en mots « son » passé et y « accéder » sont autant d’actions individuelles pour partie conditionnées par la force des États et leur politique d’archivage, révélant l’épaisseur publique des récits (auto-)biographiques.
Le « Tianxia » selon Zhao Tingyang
Authors: Tchang Jean-Paul 
Published: September 2017

Cet article présente le nouveau livre de Zhao Tingyang, professeur à l’Institut de Philosophie de l’Académie chinoise des Sciences Sociales : « De la contemporanéité du Tianxia ou la possibilité d’un monde fondé sur le système Tianxia », Citic Press, Beijing, 2016. Le livre définit le concept du Tianxia comme un système de gouvernance juxtaposant la Terre, la psychologie des peuples et une institution mondiale inclusive. Zhao Tingyang s’appuie sur l’expérience historique de la Dynastie des Zhou (1046-256 av J.C.). A partir des écrits classiques chinois et étrangers, il restitue et analyse les conditions historiques de l’avènement et du déclin du système Tianxia de la dynastie des Zhou, qui dans sa conception d’un monde inclusif, était en avance sur son époque. Par la suite, le Tianxia inspira le système politique chinois, que Zhao décrit comme un véritable vortex formé par le jeu de la conquête de la plaine centrale sans cesse renouvelée et qui entraînait peuples et ethnies attirés par les ressources naturelles et spirituelles de cette plaine centrale. Zhao oppose le système Tianxia érigé en théorie politique aux théories politiques modernes des Etats-nations venues d’Occident. Il propose le système Tianxia comme une nouvelle politique qui prendrait le monde et sa souveraineté comme sujets.