bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Annual nitrate drawdown observed by SOCCOM profiling floats and the relationship to annual net community production
Authors: Johnson Kenneth S. , Plant Joshua N. , Dunne John P. , Talley Lynne D. , Sarmiento Jorge L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAnnual nitrate cycles have been measured throughout the pelagic waters of the Southern Ocean, including regions with seasonal ice cover and southern hemisphere subtropical zones. Vertically resolved nitrate measurements were made using in situ ultraviolet spectrophotometer (ISUS) and submersible ultraviolet nitrate analyzer (SUNA) optical nitrate sensors deployed on profiling floats. Thirty‐one floats returned 40 complete annual cycles. The mean nitrate profile from the month with the highest winter nitrate minus the mean profile from the month with the lowest nitrate yields the annual nitrate drawdown. This quantity was integrated to 200 m depth and converted to carbon using the Redfield ratio to estimate annual net community production (ANCP) throughout the Southern Ocean south of 30°S. A well‐defined, zonal mean distribution is found with highest values (3–4 mol C m−2 yr−1) from 40 to 50°S. Lowest values are found in the subtropics and in the seasonal ice zone. The area weighted mean was 2.9 mol C m−2 yr−1 for all regions south of 40°S. Cumulative ANCP south of 50°S is 1.3 Pg C yr−1. This represents about 13% of global ANCP in about 14% of the global ocean area.
Heartbeat of the Southern Oscillation explains ENSO climatic resonances
Authors: Bruun John T. , Allen J. Icarus , Smyth Timothy J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) nonlinear oscillator phenomenon has a far reaching influence on the climate and human activities. The up to 10 year quasi‐period cycle of the El Niño and subsequent La Niña is known to be dominated in the tropics by nonlinear physical interaction of wind with the equatorial waveguide in the Pacific. Long‐term cyclic phenomena do not feature in the current theory of the ENSO process. We update the theory by assessing low (>10 years) and high (<10 years) frequency coupling using evidence across tropical, extratropical, and Pacific basin scales. We analyze observations and model simulations with a highly accurate method called Dominant Frequency State Analysis (DFSA) to provide evidence of stable ENSO features. The observational data sets of the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), North Pacific Index Anomaly, and ENSO Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly, as well as a theoretical model all confirm the existence of long‐term and short‐term climatic cycles of the ENSO process with resonance frequencies of {2.5, 3.8, 5, 12–14, 61–75, 180} years. This fundamental result shows long‐term and short‐term signal coupling with mode locking across the dominant ENSO dynamics. These dominant oscillation frequency dynamics, defined as ENSO frequency states, contain a stable attractor with three frequencies in resonance allowing us to coin the term Heartbeat of the Southern Oscillation due to its characteristic shape. We predict future ENSO states based on a stable hysteresis scenario of short‐term and long‐term ENSO oscillations over the next century.
Validation of the MIPAS CO2 volume mixing ratio in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere and comparison with WACCM simulations
Authors: López‐Puertas Manuel , Funke B. , Jurado‐Navarro Á. A. , García‐Comas M. , Gardini A. , Boone C. D. , Rezac L. , Garcia R. R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe present the validation of Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) CO2 daytime concentration in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere by comparing with Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) Fourier transform spectrometer and Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) data. MIPAS shows a very good agreement with ACE below 100 km with differences of ∼5%. Above 100 km, MIPAS CO2 is generally lower than ACE with differences growing from ∼5% at 100 km to 20–40% near 110–120 km. Part of this disagreement can be explained by the lack of a nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium correction in ACE. MIPAS also agrees very well (∼5%) with SABER below 100 km. At 90–105 km, MIPAS is generally smaller than SABER by 10–30% in the polar summers. At 100–120 km, MIPAS and SABER CO2 agree within ∼10% during equinox but, for solstice, MIPAS is larger by 10–25%, except near the polar summer. Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) CO2 shows the major MIPAS features. At 75–100 km, the agreement is very good (∼5%), with maximum differences of ∼10%. At 95–115 km MIPAS CO2 is larger than WACCM by 20–30% in the winter hemisphere but smaller (20–40%) in the summer. Above 95–100 km WACCM generally overestimates MIPAS CO2 by about 20–80% except in the polar summer where underestimates it by 20–40%. MIPAS CO2 favors a large eddy diffusion below 100 km and suggests that the meridional circulation of the lower thermosphere is stronger than in WACCM. The three instruments and WACCM show a clear increase of CO2 with time, more markedly at 90–100 km.
Azodicarbonamid [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 2017]
Authors: Lessmann H. , Kreis P. , Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has evaluated azodicarbonamide [123‐77‐3] to derive a maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value), considering all toxicological endpoints. Available publications and unpublished study reports are described in detail. The critical effect is the occurrence of reactions in the airways in exposed workers. In the view of the Commission, the present inhalation studies in animals are not appropriate for the derivation of a MAK value as human airways are probably more sensitive than rodent airways. The workplace investigations show no clear correlation of exposure and frequency of respiratory symptoms. Nevertheless, from the NOAEC of 36 µg/m3for lung function measurements in a small group of injection‐molding workers in the plastics industry, a MAK value of 20 µg/m3 I is established. Due to the incomplete information on the relevant exposure scenario and the uncertainty regarding first occurrence of workplace related symptoms, this value should be considered as preliminary. As local effects are critical, azodicarbonamide is assigned to Peak Limitation Category I and the default excursion factor of 1 is designated. Since developmental toxicity studies are not available, Pregnancy Risk Group D is assigned. There are no carcinogenicity studies and azodicarbonamide is not regarded as germ cell mutagen. Skin contact is not expected to contribute significantly to systemic toxicity. The metabolism of azodicarbonamide and its reactivity do not point to stable protein binding in vivo and therefore, skin or respiratory sensitization is unlikely. Clear‐cut clinical findings or positive results from animal studies on skin sensitization are not available, but the negative results in experimental animals are difficult to evaluate due to the low solubility of the compound. Although azodicarbonamide affects the respiratory tract in several case reports with positive bronchial provocation tests, sensitization by a known mechanism is not adequately verified. Additionally, it appears questionable whether a mono‐causal relationship of respiratory symptoms and azodicarbonamide exposure can really be assumed. In conclusion, a sensitizing effect of azodicarbonamide is not sufficiently proven.
Calcium oxide [MAK Value Documentation, 2014]
Authors: Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: July 2017

Abstract

The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has derived a maximum concentration at the work place (MAK value) for calcium oxide [
1305‐78‐8
], considering all toxicity endpoints. The critical effect of calcium oxide is irritation of eyes and upper airways. From studies in volunteers with calcium oxide, a MAK value of 1 mg/m
3
for the inhalable fraction is derived. Since local effects are critical, calcium oxide is assigned to Peak Limitation Category I and as there were no irritation effects after 20 minutes exposure to 2 mg/m
3
, an excursion factor of 2 is set. Studies with calcium oxide show that damage to the embryo or foetus is unlikely when the MAK value is observed and the substance is assigned to Pregnancy Risk Group C. Calcium oxide is neither genotoxic nor carcinogenic. Skin contact is not expected to contribute significantly to systemic toxicity or to lead to sensitization.
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) [MAK Value Documentation, 2011]
Authors: Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: July 2017

Abstract

The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated the designation with “H” (for substances for which skin contact is expected to contribute significantly to the systemic toxicity) for DMSO [67‐68‐5]. Based on a diffusion cell study with excised human skin, 35.2 g DMSO (about 500 mg/kg body weight) would be dermally absorbed each hour through an area of 2000 cm
2
of skin. This amount corresponds to about half of the LOAEL (lowest observed adverse effect level) established in volunteers. Therefore, skin contact is expected to contribute significantly to the systemic toxicity of DMSO, and DMSO is still designated with an “H”.
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) [MAK Value Documentation, 2016]
Authors: Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated the maximum concentration at the work place (MAK value) of dimethyl sulfoxide [67‐68‐5] of 50 ml/m3, considering the endpoints local and systemic toxicity as well as developmental toxicity. In a 13‐week inhalation study the olfactory and respiratory epithelia and the pharynx of rats are the target tissues, and a reduction of body weight gain, possibly secondary to the irritation, is seen. The NOAEC for these effects is 964 mg/m3(297 ml/m3, vapour). Since 2014 the Commission uses an empirical approach to set MAK‐values for substances with critical effects on the upper respiratory tract or the eyes. According to this approach, a MAK value of 50 ml/m3can be calculated from this study, taking into account that a lower NOAEC has to be expected with chronic exposure. Therefore, the previous MAK value is confirmed. As local effects are critical, the assignment to Peak Limitation Category I and the excursion factor of 2 are confirmed. In a screening study with rats according to OECD test guideline 421, the borderline increase in incidences of pups with dilated renal pelvis seen in a developmental toxicity study, are not confirmed. However, in rabbits, dimethyl sulfoxide causes kidney malformations with a NOAEL of 300 mg/kg body weight. Therefore, damage to the embryo or foetus cannot be excluded even when the MAK value is observed and dimethyl sulfoxide is assigned to Pregnancy Risk Group B.
Structure‐function relationships in the visual system in multiple sclerosis: an MEG and OCT study
Authors: Tewarie Prejaas , Balk Lisanne J. , Hillebrand Arjan , Steenwijk Martijn D. , Uitdehaag Bernard M. J. , Stam Cornelis J. , Petzold Axel 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundWe conducted a multi‐modal optical coherence tomography (OCT) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) study to test whether there is a relationship between retinal layer integrity and electrophysiological activity and connectivity (FC) in the visual network influenced by optic neuritis (ON) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).MethodsOne hundred and two MS patients were included in this MEG/OCT study. Retinal OCT data were collected from the optic discs, macular region, and segmented. Neuronal activity and FC in the visual cortex was estimated from source‐reconstructed resting‐state MEG data by computing relative power and the phase lag index (PLI). Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to account for intereye within‐patient dependencies.ResultsThere was a significant relationship for both relative power and FC in the visual cortex with retinal layer thicknesses. The findings were influenced by the presence of MSON, particularly for connectivity in the alpha bands and the outer macular layers. In the absence of MSON, this relationship was dominated by the lower frequency bands (theta, delta) and inner and outer retinal layers.ConclusionThese results suggest that visual cortex FC more than activity alters in the presence of MSON, which may guide the understanding of FC plasticity effects following MSON.
Impact of diabetes in the Friedreich ataxia clinical outcome measures study
Authors: McCormick Ashley , Farmer Jennifer , Perlman Susan , Delatycki Martin , Wilmot George , Matthews Katherine , Yoon Grace , Hoyle Chad , Subramony Sub H. , Zesiewicz Theresa , Lynch David R. , McCormack Shana E. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveFriedreich ataxia (FA) is a progressive neuromuscular disorder caused byGAAtriplet repeat expansions or point mutations in theFXNgene.FAis associated with increased risk of diabetes mellitus (DM). This study assessed the age‐specific prevalence ofFA‐associatedDMand its impact on neurologic outcomes.Research Design and MethodsParticipants were 811 individuals withFAfrom 12 international sites in a prospective natural history study (FAClinical Outcome Measures Study,FACOMS). Physical function was assessed, using validated instruments. Multivariable regression analyses examined the independent association ofDMwith outcomes.ResultsMean age of participants was 30.1 years (SD15.3, range: 7–82), 50% were female, and 94% were non‐Hispanic white. 9% (42/459) of adults and 3% (10/352) of children hadDM. Individuals withFA‐associatedDMwere older (P< 0.001), had longerGAArepeat length on the least affectedFXNallele (P= 0.037), and more severeFA(P= 0.0001). Of individuals withDM, 65% (34/52) were taking insulin. Even after accounting statistically for both age andGAArepeat length,DMwas independently associated with greaterFAsymptom burden (P= 0.010), reduced capacity to perform activities of daily living (P= 0.021), and a decrease of 0.33SDs on a composite performance measure (95%CI: −0.56–0.11,P= 0.004); the relative impact ofDMwas most apparent in younger individuals.ConclusionsDM‐associatedFAhas an independent adverse impact on well‐being in affected individuals, particularly at younger ages. In future, evidence‐based approaches for identification and management ofFA‐relatedDMmay improve both health and function.
Observer‐based adaptive control for stochastic nonstrict‐feedback systems with unknown backlash‐like hysteresis
Authors: Bai Lu , Zhou Qi , Wang Lijie , Yu Zhandong , Li Hongyi 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThis paper studies an observer‐based adaptive fuzzy control problem for stochastic nonlinear systems in nonstrict‐feedback form. The unknown backlash‐like hysteresis is considered in the systems. In the design process, the unknown nonlinearities and unavailable state variables are tackled by introducing the fuzzy logic systems and constructing a fuzzy observer, respectively. By using adaptive backstepping technique with dynamic surface control technique, an adaptive fuzzy control algorithm is developed. For the closed‐loop system, the proposed controller can guarantee all the signals are 4‐moment semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded. Finally, simulation results further show the effectiveness of the presented control scheme.
Distributed adaptive iterative learning control for nonlinear multiagent systems with state constraints
Authors: Shen D. , Xu J.‐X. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThis paper addresses the consensus problem of nonlinear multiagent system with state constraints. A novel γ‐type barrier Lyapunov function is adopted to handle with the bounded constraints. The iterative learning control strategy is introduced to estimate the unknown parameter and basic control signal. Five control schemes are designed, in turn, to address the consensus problem comprehensively from both theoretical and practical viewpoints. These schemes include the original adaptive scheme, projection‐based scheme, smooth function‐based scheme and its alternative, and dead‐zone–like scheme. The consensus convergence and constraints guarantee are strictly proved for each control scheme by using the barrier composite energy function approach. Illustrative simulations verify the theoretical analysis.
Regiodivergent Conjugate Addition Controlled by Rhodium(I) and Palladium(II) Catalysts: A Combined Computational and Experimental Study
Authors: Jung Hoimin , Lee Ansoo , Kim Jin , Kim Hyunwoo , Baik Mu‐Hyun 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA new divergent catalytic method for the 1,4‐ and 1,6‐selective conjugate additions of arylboronic acids to α,β,γ,δ‐unsaturated imino esters mediated by two different transition metal systems was developed. The rhodium complex carrying briphos, a new bicyclic, bridgehead phosphoramidite ligand, showed excellent regioselectivity towards 1,4‐addition with product ratios of >50:1, whereas the palladium catalyst Pd(OPiv)2 reversed the regiochemistry to afford the 1,6‐product with mild levels of selectivity of ≈1:7. Both theoretical and experimental studies were utilized to understand the catalytic systems and to elucidate the molecular level mechanism leading to the selective reactions. Since Rh(I) and Pd(II) are both d8‐complexes, their electronic structures and binding behaviours can be compared. Our calculations suggest that the outcome of the catalysis in the Rh(I) system is under kinetic control, where the migratory insertion of the alkene is the step that determines the regiochemistry. When the Pd(II) catalyst is used, the regiochemistry is under thermodynamic control where the relative stability of the η3‐π‐allyl‐ over the η3‐aza‐π‐allyl‐intermediate dictates the selectivity at the 1,6‐migratory insertion step.magnified image
Cause‐specific mortality and cancer morbidity in 390 male workers exposed to high purity talc, a six‐decade follow‐up
Authors: Wergeland Ebba , Gjertsen Finn , Vos Linda , Grimsrud Tom K. 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundThis study updates information on mortality and cancer morbidity in a cohort of Norwegian talc workers.MethodsFollow‐up was extended with 24 years, covering 1953‐2011. Comparisons were made with the general population and between subgroups within the cohort.ResultsStandardized mortality ratio for non‐malignant respiratory disease (NMRD) was 0.38 (95%CI: 0.18, 0.69) and for diseases of the circulatory system (CVD) 0.98 (95%CI: 0.82, 1.16). A non‐significantly increased NMRD risk was observed at high dust exposures. There were no deaths from pneumoconiosis.ConclusionsWith the clear limitations of a small cohort, our results do hint at an effect of talc dust on mortality from NMRD other than pneumoconiosis, covered by a strong and persisting healthy worker effect. Also, an effect on CVD mortality, masked by a healthy worker selection into the cohort cannot be ruled out. Excess mortality from pneumoconiosis seen in other studies, may reflect exposure to quartz and, possibly, bias due to comparability problems.
Out‐of‐Equilibrium Fluctuation‐Dissipation Relations Verified by the Electrical and Thermoelectrical AC‐Conductances in a Quantum Dot
Authors: Crépieux Adeline 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe electrical and heat currents flowing through a quantum dot are calculated in the presence of a time‐modulated gate voltage with the help of the out‐of‐equilibrium Green function technique. From the first harmonics of the currents, we extract the electrical and thermoelectrical trans‐admittances and ac‐conductances. Next, by a careful comparison of the ac‐conductances with the finite‐frequency electrical and mixed electrical‐heat noises, we establish the fluctuation‐dissipation relations linking these quantities, which are thus generalized out‐of‐equilibrium for a quantum system. It is shown that the electrical ac‐conductance associated to the displacement current is directly linked to the electrical noise summed over reservoirs, whereas the relation between the thermoelectrical ac‐conductance and the mixed noise contains an additional term proportional to the energy step that the electrons must overcome when traveling through the junction. A numerical study reveals however that a fluctuation‐dissipation relation involving a single reservoir applies for both electrical and thermoelectrical ac‐conductances when the frequency dominates over the other characteristic energies.
Pikomolare Spuren von AmIII verursachen drastische Unterschiede in der Koordinationschemie von TbIII: ein Sprung über die “Gadoliniumecke”
Authors: Welch Jan M. , Müller Danny , Knoll Christian , Wilkovitsch Martin , Giester Gerald , Ofner Johannes , Lendl Bernhard , Weinberger Peter , Steinhauser Georg 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDie Kristallisation von Terbium‐5,5′‐azobis[1H‐tetrazol‐1‐id] (ZT) in Gegenwart von Americium in Spurenmengen (ca. 50 Bq, ca. 1.6 pmol) resultiert in 1) der Anreicherung des Americium‐Tracers im kristallinen Feststoff und 2) einem Produkt mit anderer Kristallstruktur als jener, welche in Abwesenheit von Americium gebildet wird. Americium‐dotiertes [Tb(Am)(H2O)7ZT]2 ZT⋅10 H2O ist isostrukturell zu den ZT‐Verbindungen der leichten Lanthanoide (Ce–Gd) und nicht zu den ZT‐Verbindungen der schweren Lanthanoide (Tb–Lu; z. B. [Tb(H2O)8]2ZT3⋅6 H2O). Trotz eines 108‐fachen Tb‐Überschusses scheinen Spuren von Am die Tb‐Verbindung in eine Struktur zu zwingen, die normalerweise von den leichteren Lanthanoiden bevorzugt wird. Das Americium‐dotierte Material wurde mittels Einkristall‐Strukturbestimmung, Schwingungsspektroskopie, Neutronenaktivierungsanalyse und Rasterelektronenmikroskopie untersucht. Darüber hinaus wurde das Einschlussverhalten von ZT in Bezug auf Americium quantifiziert und ein Modell für den Kristallisationsvorgang vorgeschlagen.
Picomolar Traces of Americium(III) Introduce Drastic Changes in the Structural Chemistry of Terbium(III): A Break in the “Gadolinium Break”
Authors: Welch Jan M. , Müller Danny , Knoll Christian , Wilkovitsch Martin , Giester Gerald , Ofner Johannes , Lendl Bernhard , Weinberger Peter , Steinhauser Georg 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe crystallization of terbium 5,5′‐azobis[1H‐tetrazol‐1‐ide] (ZT) in the presence of trace amounts (ca. 50 Bq, ca. 1.6 pmol) of americium results in 1) the accumulation of the americium tracer in the crystalline solid and 2) a material that adopts a different crystal structure to that formed in the absence of americium. Americium‐doped [Tb(Am)(H2O)7ZT]2 ZT⋅10 H2O is isostructural to light lanthanide (Ce–Gd) 5,5′‐azobis[1H‐tetrazol‐1‐ide] compounds, rather than to the heavy lanthanide (Tb–Lu) 5,5′‐azobis[1H‐tetrazol‐1‐ide] (e.g., [Tb(H2O)8]2ZT3⋅6 H2O) derivatives. Traces of Am seem to force the Tb compound into a structure normally preferred by the lighter lanthanides, despite a 108‐fold Tb excess. The americium‐doped material was studied by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, vibrational spectroscopy, radiochemical neutron activation analysis, and scanning electron microcopy. In addition, the inclusion properties of terbium 5,5′‐azobis[1H‐tetrazol‐1‐ide] towards americium were quantified, and a model for the crystallization process is proposed.