bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety of Monopolar Electrocautery in Patients With Cochlear Implants
Authors: Tien Duc A. , Woodson Erika A. , Anne Samantha 
Published: April 2016

Objective: The outcomes of 2 patients with cochlear implants (CIs) who underwent adenotonsillectomy (AT) with inadvertent use of monopolar cautery are presented. The safety data regarding monopolar cautery use in CI recipients is also reviewed. Study Design: This is a retrospective case series of 2 CI recipients that underwent AT with monopolar cautery and literature review of electrocautery safety in the setting of CI. Results: Two patients with CIs underwent AT with use of monopolar cautery inadvertently by surgeons that do not routinely perform cochlear implants as part of his or her clinical practice. Patient 1 was a 9-year-old female who had AT for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) after undergoing unilateral CI for profound congenital sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) 8 years ago. Patient 2 was a 7-year-old female who underwent AT for OSA 4 months after undergoing unilateral CI for congenital SNHL. Both patients had no immediate signs of complications with their CI use postoperatively. Both patients demonstrated unchanged postoperative neural response telemetry and behavioral audiometric testing. Patient 1 continues to have no CI-related complications 3.5 years after the procedure. Patient 2 has been followed for at least 3 months by audiometric testing and 10 months by otolaryngologist with no CI-related complications. Conclusion: Although animal and cadaveric studies suggest that monopolar cautery may be safely used in patients with cochlear implants, there have been no in vivo human studies that have evaluated the risk to the patient or implant. This is a report of a small, unintended experience with 2 patients, both of whom exhibit no complications or changes to CI function thus far.
Thyroxine replacement: a clinical endocrinologist’s viewpoint
Authors: Eligar V , Taylor PN , Okosieme OE , Leese GP , Dayan CM 
Published: April 2016

Background Hypothyroidism affects 2–5% of the general population. Patients with uncorrected disease suffer significant morbidity and have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and neurocognitive impairment. Levothyroxine, the treatment of choice, is inexpensive, easy to administer and in most cases restores well-being while normalizing thyroid function. However, 30–50% of individuals on levothyroxine are either over-treated or under-treated and others remain dissatisfied with treatment despite achieving thyroid hormone concentrations within the laboratory reference interval. Methods This review is based on a systematic search of the literature for controlled trials, systematic reviews, guideline papers and cohort studies addressing best practice in thyroid hormone replacement. Results Recent decades have seen improvements in patient management strategies driven by a better appreciation of levothyroxine pharmacokinetics. However, aspects of therapy such as the optimal timing of medication, strategies to overcome treatment non-adherence and target thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations in pregnancy and in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer remain challenging. Furthermore, there is now a substantial body of literature on common genetic variations in the deiodinases and thyroid hormone transporters and their role in the local regulation of thyroid hormone delivery. The benefits of combination therapy with liothyronine and levothyroxine are uncertain, and while it is theoretically probable that subsets of genetically predisposed individuals will benefit from combination therapy the existing evidence is as yet limited. Conclusion Despite the availability of thyroid hormone replacement for more than a century, there are still substantial challenges in practice and opportunities to improve treatment outcomes.
The potential protective role of hepatitis B virus infection in pristane-induced lupus in mice
Authors: Liu X , Jiao Y , Cui B , Gao X , Xu J , Zhao Y 
Published: April 2016

Objective The objective of this study was to investigate whether hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection plays a role in the regulation of autoimmunity for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Method A total of 21 female BALB/c mice and 21 female HBV transgenic BALB/c mice aged two months were randomly divided into four groups: BALB/c mice, HBVTg mice, pristane-injected BALB/c mice, and pristane-injected HBVTg mice. BALB/c mice and HBVTg mice were given an intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 ml normal saline, and the mice in the other two groups were given an intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 ml pristane. ANA and anti-dsDNA levels in serum were detected by indirect immunofluorescence. Interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α were measured by Luminex technology. The serum BAFF level was measured using an Elisa kit. Twenty-four weeks after pristane administration, kidneys were removed, dissected, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and periodic-acid Schiff. Result At six months after injecting, the ANA titers in pristane-injected HBVTg mice were significantly lower than pristane-injected BALB/c mice. IL-17, TNF-α, and BAFF levels were significantly higher in pristane-injected BALB/c mice than BALB/c mice and pristane-injected HBVTg mice. IL-2, IL-4, and IL-6 levels were much higher in pristane-injected HBVTg mice than pristane-injected BALB/c mice. In pristane-injected HBVTg mice and HBVTg mice, fewer glomerulonephritis changes were found in the kidneys. Conclusions Our results showed that the incidence of SLE was much lower in HBVTg mice, and that HBV infection helped the SLE mice survive high levels of inflammatory cytokines and severe renal damage. All these findings demonstrated the protective role of HBV in SLE patients via the immunoregulatory networks of the cytokines.
Process Evaluation of a Parenting Program for Low-Income Families in South Africa
Authors: Lachman Jamie M. , Kelly Jane , Cluver Lucie , Ward Catherine L. , Hutchings Judy , Gardner Frances 
Published: April 2016

Objective: This mixed-methods process evaluation examined the feasibility of a parenting program delivered by community facilitators to reduce the risk of child maltreatment in low-income families with children aged 3–8 years in Cape Town, South Africa ( N = 68). Method: Quantitative measures included attendance registers, fidelity checklists, satisfaction surveys, and engagement in home practice activities. Qualitative data included parent interviews, facilitator focus groups, and transcripts from parent groups and facilitator supervision sessions. Results: Quantitative results show high levels of participant involvement, implementation, and acceptability. Thematic analyses identified seven themes related to program feasibility: (a) supporting participant involvement, (b) engagement in collaborative learning, (c) strengthening facilitator competency, (d) delivering nonviolent discipline skills, (e) contextualizing content, (f) receptivity to existing practices, and (g) resistance to new skills. Discussion: Findings suggest that parenting programs derived from evidence-based principles may be feasible in South Africa when situated within a culturally relevant context.
Ba–Cu ordering in bariopharmacoalumite-Q2a2b2c from Cap Garonne, France
Authors: Grey I. E. , Mumme W. G. , Price J. R. , Mills S. J. , Macrae C. M. , Favreau G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBariopharmacoalumite-Q2a2b2c, Ba0.5(Cu,ZnO)0.1H0.6[Al4(OH)4(As0.9Al0.1O4)3]·5.5H2O, from the south mine of the old copper mine at Cap Garonne, France, has a 2 × 2 × 2 I-centred tetragonal superstructure of the basic pharmacosiderite-type structure. Cell parameters are a = 15.405(2) Å and c = 15.553(3) Å. The structure was determined and refined in I2m to R1= 0.057 for 2697 reflections with I > 2σ(I), using synchrotron X-ray data on a twinned crystal. The origin of the superlattice cell doubling was determined to be due predominantly to the ordering of Ba atoms in half of the [0 0 1] channels, centred at (0, 0, 0) and (½, ½, 0). The other channels, centred at (½, 0, 0) and (0, ½, 0), were found to be occupied by corner-connected chains of Cu/Zn-centred square planar units.
The formation of ferromanganese nodules in the southwest Indian Ocean; an abiotic process
Authors: Van Dongen B. E. , Ashton N. J. , Pattrick R. A. D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFerromanganese nodules have been recognized widely as potentially important resources for strategic metals. However it remains unclear if the formation of these nodules is purely an abiotic process or if microorganisms are involved in their formation. To determine the microbial contributions, detailed organic geochemical analyses were performed on ferromanganese nodules collected from across the southwest Indian Ocean. These analyses reveal the presence of specific terrestrial, marine and petroleum derived biomarkers, consistent with formation in a marine setting with a substantial influx of terrestrially derived (higher plant detritus) and naturally occurring petroleum-related organic matter. In contrast, only trace amounts of general bacterial biomarkers, commonly present in these types of depositional environments, were present. This indicates that the formation of these ferromanganese nodules is predominantly an abiotic process although a minor contribution from microbial mediated processes to the growth of these nodules cannot be completely ruled out.
APRIL and BCMA promote human multiple myeloma growth and immunosuppression in the bone marrow microenvironment
Authors: Tai Yu-Tzu , Acharya Chirag , An Gang , Moschetta Michele , Zhong Mike Y. , Feng Xiaoyan , Cea Michele , Cagnetta Antonia , Wen Kenneth , van Eenennaam Hans , van Elsas Andrea , Qiu Lugui , Richardson Paul , Munshi Nikhil , Anderson Kenneth C. 
Published: April 2016

Key Points
APRIL/BCMA activation promotes MM proliferation, survival, and immunosuppression in vitro and in vivo. Targeting the APRIL/BCMA pathway represents a promising mechanism-based immunotherapy to target MM and overcome drug resistance.
Neuro-immune interactions in chemical-induced airway hyperreactivity
Authors: Devos Fien C. , Boonen Brett , Alpizar Yeranddy A. , Maes Tania , Hox Valérie , Seys Sven , Pollaris Lore , Liston Adrian , Nemery Benoit , Talavera Karel , Hoet Peter H.M. , Vanoirbeek Jeroen A.J. 
Published: April 2016

Asthma may be induced by chemical sensitisers,viamechanisms that are still poorly understood. This type of asthma is characterised by airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and little airway inflammation. Since potent chemical sensitisers, such as toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI), are also sensory irritants, it is suggested that chemical-induced asthma relies on neuro-immune mechanisms.We investigated the involvement of transient receptor potential channels (TRP) A1 and V1, major chemosensors in the airways, and mast cells, known for their ability to communicate with sensory nerves, in chemical-induced AHR.In vitrointracellular calcium imaging and patch-clamp recordings in TRPA1- and TRPV1-expressing Chinese hamster ovarian cells showed that TDI activates murine TRPA1, but not TRPV1. Using anin vivomodel, in which an airway challenge with TDI induces AHR in TDI-sensitised C57Bl/6 mice, we demonstrated that AHR does not develop, despite successful sensitisation, inTrpa1andTrpv1knockout mice, and wild-type mice pretreated with a TRPA1 blocker or a substance P receptor antagonist. TDI-induced AHR was also abolished in mast cell deficientKitWsh/Wshmice, and in wild-type mice pretreated with the mast cell stabiliser ketotifen, without changes in immunological parameters.These data demonstrate that TRPA1, TRPV1 and mast cells play an indispensable role in the development of TDI-elicited AHR.
IPED: a highly efficient denoising tool for Illumina MiSeq Paired-end 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing data
Authors: Mysara Mohamed , Leys Natalie , Raes Jeroen , Monsieurs Pieter 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Background
The development of high-throughput sequencing technologies has revolutionized the field of microbial ecology via the sequencing of phylogenetic marker genes (e.g. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing). Denoising, the removal of sequencing errors, is an important step in preprocessing amplicon sequencing data. The increasing popularity of the Illumina MiSeq platform for these applications requires the development of appropriate denoising methods.

Results
The newly proposed denoising algorithm IPED includes a machine learning method which predicts potentially erroneous positions in sequencing reads based on a combination of quality metrics. Subsequently, this information is used to group those error-containing reads with correct reads, resulting in error-free consensus reads. This is achieved by masking potentially erroneous positions during this clustering step. Compared to the second best algorithm available, IPED detects double the amount of errors. Reducing the error rate had a positive effect on the clustering of reads in operational taxonomic units, with an almost perfect correspondence between the number of clusters and the theoretical number of species present in the mock communities.

Conclusion
Our algorithm IPED is a powerful denoising tool for correcting sequencing errors in Illumina MiSeq 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing data. Apart from significantly reducing the error rate of the sequencing reads, it has also a beneficial effect on their clustering into operational taxonomic units. IPED is freely available at http://science.sckcen.be/en/Institutes/EHS/MCB/MIC/Bioinformatics/.
TLR-mediated albuminuria needs TNFα-mediated cooperativity between TLRs present in hematopoietic tissues and CD80 present on non-hematopoietic tissues in mice
Authors: Jain Nidhi , Khullar Bhavya , Oswal Neelam , Banoth Balaji , Joshi Prashant , Ravindran Balachandran , Panda Subrat , Basak Soumen , George Anna , Rath Satyajit , Bal Vineeta , Sopory Shailaja 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
Transient albuminuria induced by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in mice through engagement of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is widely studied as a partial model for some forms of human nephrotic syndrome (NS). In addition to TLRs, CD80 has been shown to be essential for PAMP-mediated albuminuria. However, the mechanistic relationships between TLRs, CD80 and albuminuria remain unclear. Here, we show that albuminuria and CD80-uria induced in mice by many TLR ligands are dependent on the expression of TLRs and their downstream signalling intermediate MyD88 exclusively in hematopoietic cells and, conversely, on CD80 expression exclusively in non-hematopoietic cells. TNFα is crucial for TLR-mediated albuminuria and CD80-uria, and induces CD80 expression in cultured renal podocytes. IL-10 from hematopoietic cells ameliorates TNFα production, albuminuria and CD80-uria but does not prevent TNFα-mediated induction of podocyte CD80 expression. Chitohexaose, a small molecule originally of parasite origin, mediates TLR4-dependent anti-inflammatory responses, and blocks TLR-mediated albuminuria and CD80-uria through IL-10. Thus, TNFα is a prominent mediator of renal CD80 induction and resultant albuminuria in this model, and small molecules modulating TLR-mediated inflammatory activation might have contributory or adjunct therapeutic potential in some contexts of NS development.
Case Article—Dealing with the Bug in the Classrooms: Planning for a Pandemic
Authors: Proano Ruben A. 
Published: April 2016

This paper describes a teaching case that can be used to introduce production control and operations management concepts by analyzing the effects of future, uncertain influenza pandemics on the day-to-day operations at a 18,000 student-body university. This case provides students with an opportunity to use key technical concepts and analytics to design a guide that can be used by school administrators to deal with future pandemics. Through this case students treat a non-traditional service environment with unclear product definition as a production system. Teaching Note: Interested Instructors please see the Instructor Materials page for access to the restricted materials. To maintain the integrity and usefulness of cases published in ITE, unapproved distribution of the case teaching notes and other restricted materials to any other party is prohibited.
The Aboriginal Flag as activist art
Authors: Gallois Mathieu 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Since the 1960s, art with overt social and political subject-matter has been widely practised, if not widely accepted in the western world. Activist art, I propose, is a distinct category of art-making within a larger grouping of socially engaged contemporary art practices that have emerged in recent decades: its primary intent is to achieve social change. The alliance of activism and art is rare, in part because the practice of activism and the discipline of art have different values and agendas: activism seeks to bring about social change; art-making seeks to create art. Art activism combines the values and agendas of both art and activism. In Australia, a handful of mainly Indigenous artworks have been successful activist artworks. This type of art, however, falls short of being an established and recognized genre of art-making with committed long-term practitioners. This article explores the parameters, and asserts the rationale for understanding the Aboriginal Flag as activist art, and more broadly the role of culture in Indigenous activism postcolonization. Surprisingly, the flag is neither understood as art, nor has it, in an academic framework, ever been studied as art or art activism.
An investigation about entrepreneurship politics in Turkey: 1923-1929<p>Cumhuriyet ile birlikte girişimciliği etkileyen polikalar üzerine bir inceleme: 1923-1929
Authors: Doğangün Yasa Bengü , Çelik Faik 
Published: April 2016

The entrepreneurship which has been understood so late as an important concept in Economics is a center of economic development at the present day. The entrepreneurship is seen the power of economic growth and improvement. Therefore the way which Turkish entrepreneur class followed is important for Turkish economic history. The aim of this study is to analysis economic thought and economic politics that affects evolution of entrepreneur class from 1923 to 1929 which is the period named Liberal Term. Özetİktisat bilimi içerisinde önemi geç anlaşılan girişimcilik kavramı günümüzde iktisadi gelişmenin merkezinde yer almaktadır. Girişimcilik ekonomik büyüme ve kalkınmanın motoru olarak görülmektedir. Bu açıdan Türk girişimci sınıfının izlediği yol, Türk İktisat tarihinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; Liberal dönem olarak da adlandırılan, Cumhuriyet’in kuruluşundan 1929’a kadar geçen süre zarfında, girişimci sınıfın gelişimini etkileyen düşünce ortamınının ve uygulanan politikaların değerlendirilmesidir.
Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Different Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Expression of Genes Related to Somatotropic Axis Function in the Liver, Selected Blood Indicators, Milk Yield and Milk Fatty Acids Profile in Dairy Cows
Authors: Dirandeh Essa , Towhidi Armin , Ansari Zarbakht , Zeinoaldini Saeeid , Ganjkhanlou Mehdi 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate whether dietary supplementation with different polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA s) affects expression of genes related to somatotropic axis and the plasma concentrations of insulin, glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta hydroxyl butyrate acids (BHBA) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and milk fatty acids profile. Right after calving, Holstein cows (n=45) were randomly assigned to one of three diets supplemented with roasted whole soybean as a source of omega-6 PUFA (omega-6, n=15), linseed as a source of omega-3 PUFA (omega-3, n=15) or palm oil (control, n=15). Each cow was in the study over a period of 70 days. Blood samples were collected every two weeks from day 1 to 70 of lactation and plasma concentrations of insulin, glucose, NEFA, BHBA and IGF1 were determined. Liver samples were taken from a subset of 18 cows (6 per diet) at day 70 postpartum and hepatic mRNA level of total growth hormone-receptor 1A (GHR1A), insulin receptor (INSR), IGF1 and insulinlike growth factor binding protein (IGFBP2) was assessed. Experimental diets did not affect milk yield. Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were greater for omega-3 treatment compared to omega-6 and control treatments. Cows fed diets enriched in omega-3 exhibited greater INSR and GHR1A mRNA expression, and a tendency for greater IGF1 mRNA expression in the liver compared to omega-6 and control cows. Plasma IGF1 concentration was significantly higher in omega-3 treatment compared with omega-6 and control treatments. Results of this study suggest that feeding omega-3 PUFA s during early postpartum couples with the somatotropic axis, leading to an increase in plasma IGF1 concentration in dairy cows.
Effect of Some Factors on Performance Value Assessment of Stallions During Performance Tests
Authors: Pietrzak Sławomir , Próchniak Tomasz , Kozak-Jurek Katarzyna , Zapała Angelika 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Breeding value of sport horses in Poland is estimated on the basis of, among others, results of the 100-day performance test of young stallions in the training centres. However recently, a drastic decrease has been reported in the number of stallions undergoing this way of assessment in Poland with an increase in foreign breeds in equestrian competitions. The objective of the study was to determine variability level of stallion traits evaluated in the training centres and to identify factors affecting stallion performance value assessment during the stationary performance test. The study included 503 stallions subjected to the 100-day training followed by the performance test in the years 2004-2013 at the training centres. There were computed statistical characteristics of 16 performance traits which were scored by the trainer of the training centre, judging commission and test riders. Influence of identified factors on each evaluation was established using the GLM procedure. The rank correlations served to estimate phenotypic interdependencies between the scores and performance value indices. It was stated that the studied group of stallions showed low variation within the body basic measurements and the conformation correctness evaluated on the 100-point scale was also found within an average value (78.86 pts), quite close to minimum value for young stallions in Poland (78 pts). The highest variation was observed for the scores given by the test riders and the main factor differentiating the performance value of horses was their origin-breed group. The horses of the German breeds (HANN, OLDBG, HOLST) earned the highest scores, while Wielkopolska horses got the lowest scores for performance test. Insufficient consistency between the individual evaluation made by the trainer of training centre and the judging commission may imply completely different period of assessment (trainer - 100 days, judging commission - 2 days) or unsatisfactory competencies of examiners.
Influence of different factors on momentum transfer in mechanically agitated multiphase systems
Authors: Cudak Magdalena , Kiełbus-Rąpała Anna , Major-Godlewska Marta , Karcz Joanna 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
A comparative analysis concerning the influence of different factors on momentum transfer in mechanically agitated systems was carried out on the basis of experimental results for solid-liquid, gas-liquid and gas-solid-liquid systems. The effects of the impeller - baffles system geometry, scale of the agitated vessel, type and number of impellers and their off-bottom clearance, as well as physical properties of the multiphase systems on the critical impeller speeds needed to produce suspension or dispersion, power consumption and gas hold-up were analysed and evaluated.