bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Q‐switched Nd: YAG laser and fractional carbon dioxide laser for the treatment of solar lentigines in Asians
Authors: Vachiramon Vasanop , Panmanee Wikanda , Techapichetvanich Thanya , Chanprapaph Kumutnart 
Published: January 2016

Background/ObjectiveSolar lentigines are benign pigmented lesions that occur mostly on sun‐exposed areas. Q‐switched and ablative lasers are effective for removing these lesions but the high incidence of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation raises concern in darker skin types. The objective of this study is to compare the efficacy and degree of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation with the Q‐switched Nd:YAG and fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser for treatment of solar lentigines in Asians.Study designTwenty‐five Thai patients (skin phototype III–IV) with at least two lesions of solar lentigines on upper extremities were enrolled in this study. Two lesions were randomly selected for the treatment with a single session of Q‐switched Nd:YAG or fractional CO2 laser. Outcomes were evaluated using physician grading scale, colorimeter, and patient self‐assessment at 6 and 12 weeks after treatment. Side effects were recorded.ResultsA total of 532 nm Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser showed significant improvement of pigmentation over fractional CO2 laser at 6th and 12th week by both colorimeter assessment and physician grading scale (P < 0.05). No significant difference in postinflammatory hyperpigmentation from both lasers was observed. In terms of patient self‐assessment, 80% of the patients treated with 532 nm Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser had excellent results compared to 8% in fractional CO2 laser group. However, fractional CO2 laser treatment had faster healing time and less pain score compared to Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser.ConclusionsQ‐switched Nd:YAG is superior to fractional CO2 laser for treatment of solar lentigines but requires longer healing time and produces more pain. The incidence of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation was not significantly different with both lasers. Further studies are needed to obtain the proper parameter and the treatment frequency of fractional CO2 laser in solar lentigines. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:354–359, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopic Study for Cellular Uptake of Cationic Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles
Authors: Shan Yuping , Panday Namuna , Myoung Yong , Twomey Megan , Wang Xuewen , Li Wenzhi , Celik Emrah , Moy Vincent , Wang Hongda , Moon Joong Ho , He Jin 
Published: January 2016

Positively charged conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) are emerging biomaterials exhibiting high levels of cellular entry. High rate of cellular entry efficiency is believed that the amphiphilic CPNs interact efficiently with the negatively charged hydrophobic cellular membranes. For the first time, the cell surface morphological changes of human cervical cancer cells treated with CPNs using a scanning probe microscopy technique, scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) are imaged. After 1 h of CPN incubation, distinct changes are observed in cell surface morphology such as interconnected protrusions and pits with sub‐micrometer sizes, which are not observed from cells treated with positively charged polyethyleneimine (PEI) under the same treatment conditions. The change on cell surface morphology is quantified by surface roughness ratio, which is increased as CPN concentration increases, while the ratio first increases and then decreases as the incubation time increases. These results suggest that cells respond actively toward CPN with both positive charges on the side chain and the hydrophobicity from rigid aromatic backbone, which leads to subsequent endocytosis. In conclusion, it is demonstrated that SICM is a suitable imaging technique to reveal the dynamic alternations on the cell surface morphology at the early stage of nanoparticles endocytosis with high resolution.
image
Three‐Layered PCL Grafts Promoted Vascular Regeneration in a Rabbit Carotid Artery Model
Authors: Wang Kai , Zheng Wenting , Pan Yiwa , Ma Shaoyang , Guan Yong , Liu Ruming , Zhu Meifeng , Zhou Xin , Zhang Jun , Zhao Qiang , Zhu Yan , Wang Lianyong , Kong Deling 
Published: January 2016

In this study, a three layered poly (ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) graft (tPCL) was fabricated by electrospinning PCL and electrospraying poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO), which has a thin dense inner layer, a loose middle layer, and a dense outer layer. Regular PCL grafts (rPCL) with only a dense layer were used as control. In vivo evaluation was performed in rabbit carotid artery. Enhanced cell infiltration, rapid regeneration of endothelium and smooth muscle layers, and increased elastin deposition were observed within the tPCL graft wall. After 3 months, tPCL grafts showed faster PCL degradation than the rPCL grafts. Infiltrated macrophages in the tPCL grafts secreted higher level of monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) which enhanced vascular regeneration. In conclusion, the tPCL graft may be a useful vascular prosthesis and worth for further investigation.
image
Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–6Sn and Mg–6Zn alloys prepared by different processing techniques: a comparative study
Authors: El Mahallawy N. , Ahmed Diaa A. , Akdesir M. , Palkowski H. 
Published: January 2016

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–6Sn and Mg–6Zn are investigated and compared in cast/heat treated, rolled and extruded conditions. Compared to the heat treated alloys, the grain size of both alloys decreases while the volume fraction of precipitates increases by rolling and extrusion in Mg–6Sn alloy at 350 ºC due to dynamic recrystallization and dynamic precipitation of intermetallic phases. Zinc has a stronger grain refining effect than tin in the heat treated alloys while the opposite effect is found in the rolled and extruded alloys.For the heat treated alloys the Mg–6Sn the strength reached 158.7 MPa with elongation 5.2% while Mg–6Zn exhibited a higher strength of 183.7 MPa and 8.4% elongation. In rolled condition the strength of Mg–6Sn reached 224 MPa with 1.6% elongation while Mg–6Zn exhibited a lower strength of 124 MPa and a lower ductility of 0.5% elongation due to susceptibility to hot shortness. Extrusion of Mg–6Sn alloy resulted in the maximum attained strength of 281 MPa and an elongation of 6.1% while Mg–6Zn cracked during extrusion due to hot shortness. The results obtained are discussed with respect to microstructure evolution in both alloys.
Coil‐to‐coil physiological noise correlations and their impact on functional MRI time‐series signal‐to‐noise ratio
Authors: Triantafyllou Christina , Polimeni Jonathan R. , Keil Boris , Wald Lawrence L. 
Published: January 2016

PurposePhysiological nuisance fluctuations (“physiological noise”) are a major contribution to the time‐series signal‐to‐noise ratio (tSNR) of functional imaging. While thermal noise correlations between array coil elements have a well‐characterized effect on the image Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR0), the element‐to‐element covariance matrix of the time‐series fluctuations has not yet been analyzed. We examine this effect with a goal of ultimately improving the combination of multichannel array data.Theory and MethodsWe extend the theoretical relationship between tSNR and SNR0 to include a time‐series noise covariance matrix Ψt, distinct from the thermal noise covariance matrix Ψ0, and compare its structure to Ψ0 and the signal coupling matrix SSH formed from the signal intensity vectors S.ResultsInclusion of the measured time‐series noise covariance matrix into the model relating tSNR and SNR0 improves the fit of experimental multichannel data and is shown to be distinct from Ψ0 or SSH.ConclusionTime‐series noise covariances in array coils are found to differ from Ψ0 and more surprisingly, from the signal coupling matrix SSH. Correct characterization of the time‐series noise has implications for the analysis of time‐series data and for improving the coil element combination process. Magn Reson Med 76:1708–1719, 2016. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
The Workplace Experiences of Women with Fibromyalgia
Authors: Juuso Päivi , Skär Lisa , Sundin Karin , Söderberg Siv 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPurposeFibromyalgia (FM) is a common pain syndrome that mostly affects women. Chronic pain and other symptoms often chalenge work for women with FM. This study aimed to explore how women with FM experience their work situations.MethodA purposive sample of 15 women with FM was interviewed with in‐depth qualitative interviews. Data were analysed using a hermeneutic approach.ResultsThe results revealed that women with FM experienced incapacity to work as they had previously and eventually accepted that their work life had changed or reached its end. Since their work had great significance in their lives, feelings of loss and sorrow were common. Women who were working, unemployed, or on sick leave described feelings of fear for their future work situations.ConclusionsWomen with FM greatly value their work. Their wish to perform work as before is however, not consistent with their abilities. As such, women with FM need support in continuing to work for as long as possible, after which they need support in finding new values in life.
Scapulothoracic Muscle Strength Changes Following a Single Session of Manual Therapy and an Exercise Programme in Subjects with Neck Pain
Authors: Petersen Shannon , Domino Nathan , Postma Christopher , Wells Cody , Cook Chad 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIntroductionScapulothoracic muscle weakness has been associated with neck pain (NP). Little evidence exists regarding lower trapezius (LT), middle trapezius (MT) and serratus anterior (SA) strength in this population. LT strength changes have been observed following thoracic manipulation in healthy subjects. The purpose of the present study was to examine scapulothoracic strength changes following cervical manipulation in subjects with NP.MethodsTwenty‐two subjects with NP and 17 asymptomatic control (AC) subjects underwent strength testing of the LT, MT and SA using a hand‐held dynamometer. Subjects with NP were treated with passive intervertebral neck manipulation and neck range of motion exercises. The AC group received no intervention. Strength testing was repeated after manipulation, then 48 and 96 hours later. Change scores were calculated for strength over time. Paired t‐tests were done for strength change between painful and non‐painful sides in the NP group. Independent t‐tests were done for strength change between the NP group and AC group.ResultsThere was no significant difference between groups for age, gender, hand dominance or body mass index. Mean (standard deviation) symptom duration for subjects in the NP group was 43.27 (62.71) months. There was no significant difference in strength change over time between painful and non‐painful sides in the NP group for any muscle; however, there was a significant difference in strength change over time between those in the NP group and AC group for the LT (p < 0.01), SA (p < 0.01) and MT (p < 0.01).DiscussionScapulothoracic muscle strength improvements were observed in both extremities following passive intervertebral neck manipulation and neck range of motion exercises. Improvements lasted up to 96 hours following manipulation, even though no strengthening exercises were prescribed.ConclusionsManipulation and range of motion should be considered as a component of intervention programmes for patients with NP and scapulothoracic muscle weakness. Future studies should compare manipulation alone to exercise alone to determine impact on strength. Copyright © 2016 The Authors Musculoskeletal Care Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Gute Aussichten für Verkäufer
Authors: Schneider Bernd 
Published: January 2016

AbstractNiedrige Zinsen und hohe Kapitalverfügbarkeit bei geringem Angebot attraktiver Investitionsobjekte sorgten im Jahr 2015 für hohe Preise bei Chemietransaktionen. In einem derartigen Umfeld bieten sich Verkäufern – insbesondere in Subsegmenten mit strukturellen Herausforderungen wie den Pigmenten, Farben und Lacken – wertmaximierende Möglichkeiten zur strategischen Neupositionierung.
ORCID – Offener Standard zur Vernetzung von Forschenden
Authors: Pampel Heinz , Fenner Martin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDas internationale ORCID‐Konsortium vernetzt Publizierende mit ihren Aufsätzen und Forschungsdaten über eine eindeutige ID. Bereits über 1,6 Millionen Forschende besitzen eine solche Kennung.
Der Duft von Weihrauch
Authors: Niebler Johannes , Büttner Andrea 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWeihrauch begleitet als kostbares Räucherwerk rituelle Handlungen seit Jahrtausenden. Neue Untersuchungen haben jetzt die sortenspezifischen flüchtigen Inhaltsstoffe umfassend charakterisiert und den Geruch unter die Lupe genommen.
Patient factors associated with onabotulinum toxin A treatment outcome in women with detrusor overactivity
Authors: Owen Rhiannon K. , Abrams Keith R. , Mayne Christopher , Slack Mark , Tincello Douglas G. 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate potential predictors of non‐response to treatment with 200U onabotulinum toxin A (onaBoNTA) in women with refractory detrusor overactivity (DO).Subjects and MethodsA secondary analysis of a randomized trial of 200U onaBoNTA versus placebo in women with refractory DO analyzed baseline and 6 week follow‐up data. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to assess demographic factors and baseline clinical parameters on non‐response to treatment defined as 20% or less improvement in urinary urgency and leakage episodes, 10% or less in voiding frequency, not achieving continence, and “no change” or worse on PGI‐I score at 6 weeks.ResultsOne Hundred and twenty‐two women were included. Twenty‐nine (23.8%), 24 (19.7%), and 19 (15.6%) were non‐responders to treatment for urgency, voiding, and leakage episodes, respectively. Fifty‐nine (48.4%) failed to achieve continence, and 28 (23%) were non‐responders on the PGI‐I scale. Smoking status (OR: 2.89 95%CI 1.08, 7.73, P = 0.034) predicted non‐response in urgency episodes, and higher baseline leakage episodes (OR: 1.17 95%CI 1.04, 1.31, P = 0.007) predicted non‐response in achieving continence. Increasing age (OR 1.04, 95%CI 1.0, 1.09, P = 0.063) and body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.07, 95%CI 1.0, 1.16, P = 0.065) showed marginal associations with non‐response on the PGI‐I scale.ConclusiononaBoNTA is an effective treatment for refractory DO, but some fail to respond. For identification of women at risk, our data indicate smokers should be advised of a lesser chance of successful treatment. Older women, those with high BMI and with more severe leakage also have a higher risk of failure. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:426–431, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Natural history of non‐neurogenic overactive bladder and urinary incontinence over 5 years in community‐dwelling older men: The concord health and aging in men project
Authors: Noguchi Naomi , Chan Lewis , Cumming Robert G. , Blyth Fiona M. , Handelsman David J. , Waite Louise M. , Le Couteur David G. , Naganathan Vasi 
Published: January 2016

AimsTo describe the natural history of non‐neurogenic overactive bladder (OAB) and urgency incontinence in community‐dwelling older men.MethodsA representative sample of 1,705 community‐dwelling men aged 70 and older in a defined geographic area of Sydney, Australia, had their urinary symptoms assessed using the International Prostate Symptom Scores (IPSS) and the International Consultation of Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ) at baseline, 2‐year follow‐up, and 5‐year follow‐up. Four hundred and eighty‐eight men without neurological diseases or prostate cancer during follow‐up, or history of urological treatment at baseline were included in the analysis. Urgency incontinence was defined as leakage of urine occurring more than weekly in the above‐defined population. OAB was defined as either urgency or urgency incontinence according to 2002 International Continence Society consensus.ResultsOf the men with OAB at baseline, 29% received treatment for OAB or benign prostatic enlargement over 5 years. Of the remaining men, 33% had sustained remission at 2‐year and 5‐year follow‐ups without treatment. Of the men with OAB at 2‐year follow‐up, remission rate at 5‐year follow‐up was 53% in men without OAB at baseline and 27% in men with OAB at baseline (P = 0.23). No statistically significant difference was found in baseline characteristics between men with sustained remission and men with persistent symptoms.ConclusionsOne in three older men with non‐neurogenic OAB had sustained remission of symptoms without medical or surgical interventions. No significant predictor of sustained remission was identified. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:443–448, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Retrospective clinic and urodynamic study in the neurogenic bladder dysfunction caused by human T cell lymphotrophic virus type 1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP)
Authors: Troisgros Odile , Barnay Jose‐Luis , Darbon‐Naghibzadeh Farideh , Olive Pascale , René‐Corail Patrick 
Published: January 2016

IntroductionHTLV‐I associated tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) and HTLV‐I associated myelopathy (HAM) is an endemic disease in Caribbean Island. Bladder‐sphincter dysfunctions are almost present. The objectives of the study are to describe clinic and urodynamic characteristics of voiding disorders in Martiniquan population, evaluate if there is a relationship between motor and urinary handicap, and evaluate prognosis factors of urologic complications.MethodsRetrospective study of 60 patients suffering from HAM/TSP. Clinical, urodynamic datas, scale of urinary and motor handicap (Urinary Symptom Profile [USP] questionnaire and Osame Score) were collected.ResultsStorage symptoms were the most frequent (75%) whatever type of detrusor activity. Detrusor overactivity was the most frequent disorder (68.3%). Bladder compliance was normal in half percent of the cases. Urethral activity was increased in 47% of the cases. Detrusor sphincter dysynergia was found in 78% of the cases, post‐void residual in 58% of cases. Sixty five percent of the patients present at least one urologic complication (morphologic and/or infectious) but there was no correlation with motor enablement (P = 0.3097), neither urodynamic study (P = 0.432 for detrusor overactivity, P = 0.107 for detrusor underactivity, P = 0.058 for high urethral activity, P = 0.893 for detrusor sphincter dysynergia, P = 0.850 for post‐void residual volume), neither with evolution duration of HAM/TSP (P = 0.348). USP score was not in correlation with Osame score (P = 0.07).ConclusionUrologic symptoms are not always in relationship with urodynamic study: a systematic urodynamic study is necessary to evaluate HAM/TSP neurogenic bladder. No clinic or urodynamic criterias are predictive of urologic complications. These patients need a close follow up. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:449–452, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Velocity‐based formulations for standard and quasi‐incompressible hypoelastic‐plastic solids
Authors: Franci Alessandro , Oñate Eugenio , Carbonell Josep Maria 
Published: January 2016

SummaryWe present three velocity‐based updated Lagrangian formulations for standard and quasi‐incompressible hypoelastic‐plastic solids. Three low‐order finite elements are derived and tested for non‐linear solid mechanics problems. The so‐called V‐element is based on a standard velocity approach, while a mixed velocity–pressure formulation is used for the VP and the VPS elements. The two‐field problem is solved via a two‐step Gauss–Seidel partitioned iterative scheme. First, the momentum equations are solved in terms of velocity increments, as for the V‐element. Then, the constitutive relation for the pressure is solved using the updated velocities obtained at the previous step. For the VPS‐element, the formulation is stabilized using the finite calculus method in order to solve problems involving quasi‐incompressible materials. All the solid elements are validated by solving two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional benchmark problems in statics as in dynamics. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does worksite social capital enhance retention into a worksite weight‐loss programme?
Authors: Hill J. L. , Wilson K. , Harden S. , Almeida F. , Linnan L. , Estabrooks P. A. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryObjectiveTo determine if worksite social capital predicted retention in a worksite‐based weight‐loss programme using structural equation modelling. A secondary aim was to determine if worksite social capital was related to changes in weight at 6 months.MethodsOverweight or obese employees from 28 worksites enrolled in a larger 12‐month worksite weight‐loss trial. Workplace social capital was assessed using an eight‐item scale specific to the workplace. Weight was measured using a HealthSpottm, and change in weight was computed from weigh‐ins at baseline and 6 months and reported as pounds (lbs) lost. Retention was defined as those employees who completed a weigh‐in at 6 months.ResultsAcross the trial, N = 1,790; age = 46.6 ± 11; 73% women; 73% White overweight or obese employees participated. The odds of participant attrition were 1.12 times greater with each unit decrease in social capital score at baseline (p < 0.05), and while the model testing the direct effect of social capital at baseline on weight loss at 6 months demonstrated acceptable fit, social capital was not a significant predictor of weight loss (p > 0.05).ConclusionsIncreased worksite social capital was predictive of retention in a worksite weight‐loss programme. To maximize return on investments for employee wellness and weight‐loss programmes, employers may benefit from understanding the facets of the ‘social’ environment such as social capital that may increase the likelihood of sustained participation.
Correlation of spatially resolved photoluminescence and viscoelastic mechanical properties of encapsulating EVA in differently aged PV modules
Authors: Schlothauer Jan C. , Grabmayer Klemens , Wallner Gernot M. , Röder Beate 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe photoluminescence of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) in aged photovoltaic modules shows specific spatial patterns on the scale of the cells in the module that depend on the aging conditions. It is the aim of this work to investigate the correlation of these photoluminescence patterns to the viscoelastic mechanical properties of the encapsulating EVA.For this, the degradation under various conditions of two specimen sets of polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic mini‐modules, comprising EVA as encapsulating polymer, is investigated using spatially resolved, ultraviolet‐excited photoluminescence. Samples of the encapsulation EVA are systematically extracted from the modules for spatially resolved dynamic mechanical characterization.A correlation between the spatial distribution of the photoluminescence intensity and the values of storage modulus and loss factor of the EVA is found. An increase in the values for storage modulus and a decrease of the loss factor of the EVA from the edge of the cell towards the center are observed for all samples. We conclude that diffusion‐limited oxidation must be considered for aging studies of the encapsulation EVA and that photoluminescence detection can reveal the scale on which such diffusion processes occur. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.