bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
National guidelines for smoking cessation in primary care: a literature review and evidence analysis
Authors: Verbiest Marjolein , Brakema Evelyn , van der Kleij Rianne , Sheals Kate , Allistone Georgia , Williams Siân , McEwen Andy , Chavannes Niels 
Published: January 2017

AbstractNational guidelines for smoking cessation in primary care can be effective in improving clinical practice. This study assessed which parties are involved in the development of such guidelines worldwide, which national guidelines address primary care, what recommendations are made for primary care settings, and how these recommendations correlate with each other and with current evidence. We identified national guidelines using an online resource. Only the most recent version of a guideline was included. If an English version was not available, we requested a translation or summary of the recommendations from the authors. Two researchers independently extracted data on funding sources, development methodologies, involved parties, and recommendations made within the guidelines. These recommendations were categorised using the pile-sort method. Each recommendation was cross-checked with the latest evidence and was awarded an evidence-rating. We identified 43 guidelines from 39 countries and after exclusion, we analysed 26 guidelines (22 targeting general population, 4 targeted subpopulations). Twelve categories of recommendations for primary care were identified. There was almost universal agreement regarding the need to identify smokers, advice them to quit and offer behavioural and pharmacological quit smoking support. Discrepancies were greatest for specific recommendations regarding behavioural and pharmacological support, which are likely to be due to different interpretations of evidence and/or differences in contextual health environments. Based on these findings, we developed a universal checklist of guideline recommendations as a practice tool for primary care professionals and future guideline developers.
Modeling Stem Cell Myogenic Differentiation
Authors: Deshpande Rajiv S. , Spector Alexander A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe process of stem cell myogenesis (transformation into skeletal muscle cells) includes several stages characterized by the expression of certain combinations of myogenic factors. The first part of this process is accompanied by cell division, while the second part is mainly associated with direct differentiation. The mechanical cues are known to enhance stem cell myogenesis, and the paper focuses on the stem cell differentiation under the condition of externally applied strain. The process of stem cell myogenic differentiation is interpreted as the interplay among transcription factors, targeted proteins and strain-generated signaling molecule, and it is described by a kinetic multi-stage model. The model parameters are optimally adjusted by using the available data from the experiment with adipose-derived stem cells subjected to the application of cyclic uniaxial strains of the magnitude of 10%. The modeling results predict the kinetics of the process of myogenic differentiation, including the number of cells in each stage of differentiation and the rates of differentiation from one stage to another for different strains from 4% to 16%. The developed model can help better understand the process of myogenic differentiation and the effects of mechanical cues on stem cell use in muscle therapies.
Efficient visible light-induced degradation of rhodamine B by W(NxS1−x)2 nanoflowers
Authors: Liu Peitao , Zhang Jingyan , Gao Daqiang , Ye Weichun 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHere, W(NxS1−x)2 nanoflowers were fabricated by simple sintering process. Photocatalytic activity results indicated our fabricated N-doped WS2 nanoflowers shown outstanding photoactivity of degradating of rhodamine B with visible light. Which is attributed to the high separation efficiency of photoinduced electron–hole pairs, the broadening of the valence band (VB), and the narrowing of energy band gap. Meanwhile, our work provided a novel method to induce surface sulfur vacancies in crystals by introduing impurities atoms for enhancing their photodegradation.
Catalyst shape engineering for anisotropic cross-sectioned nanowire growth
Authors: Calahorra Yonatan , Kelrich Alexander , Cohen Shimon , Ritter Dan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe ability to engineer material properties at the nanoscale is a crucial prerequisite for nanotechnology. Hereunder, we suggest and demonstrate a novel approach to realize non-hemispherically shaped nanowire catalysts, subsequently used to grow InP nanowires with a cross section anisotropy ratio of up to 1:1.8. Gold was deposited inside high aspect ratio nanotrenches in a 5 nm thick SiNx selective area mask; inside the growth chamber, upon heating to 455 °C, the thin gold stripes agglomerated, resulting in an ellipsoidal dome (hemiellipsoid). The initial shape of the catalyst was preserved during growth to realize asymmetrically cross-sectioned nanowires. Moreover, the crystalline nature of the nanowire side facets was found to depend on the nano-trench orientation atop the substrate, resulting in hexagonal or octagonal cross-sections when the nano-trenches are aligned or misaligned with the [1̄10] orientation atop a [111]B substrate. These results establish the role of catalyst shape as a unique tool to engineer nanowire growth, potentially allowing further control over its physical properties.
Nesfatin-1 protects dopaminergic neurons against MPP+/MPTP-induced neurotoxicity through the C-Raf–ERK1/2-dependent anti-apoptotic pathway
Authors: Shen Xiao-Li , Song Ning , Du Xi-Xun , Li Yong , Xie Jun-Xia , Jiang Hong 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSeveral brain-gut peptides have been reported to have a close relationship with the central dopaminergic system; one such brain-gut peptide is nesfatin-1. Nesfatin-1 is a satiety peptide that is predominantly secreted by X/A-like endocrine cells in the gastric glands, where ghrelin is also secreted. We previously reported that ghrelin exerted neuroprotective effects on nigral dopaminergic neurons, which implied a role for ghrelin in Parkinson’s disease (PD). In the present study, we aim to clarify whether nesfatin-1 has similar effects on dopaminergic neurons both in vivo and in vitro. We show that nesfatin-1 attenuates the loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse model of PD. In addition, nesfatin-1 antagonized 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridillium ion (MPP+)-induced toxicity by restoring mitochondrial function, inhibiting cytochrome C release and preventing caspase-3 activation in MPP+-treated MES23.5 dopaminergic cells. These neuroprotective effects could be abolished by selective inhibition of C-Raf and the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Our data suggest that C-Raf-ERK1/2, which is involved in an anti-apoptotic pathway, is responsible for the neuroprotective effects of nesfatin-1 in the context of MPTP-induced toxicity. These results imply that nesfatin-1 might have therapeutic potential for PD.
Center of mass in complex networks
Authors: Fu Chuanji , Gao Yachun , Cai Shimin , Yang Hongchun , Yang Chun 
Published: January 2017

AbstractNetwork dynamics is always a big challenge in nonlinear dynamics. Although great advancements have been made in various types of complex systems, an universal theoretical framework is required. In this paper, we introduce the concept of center of ‘mass’ of complex networks, where ‘mass’ stands for node importance or centrality in contrast to that of particle systems, and further prove that the phase transition and evolutionary state of the system can be characterized by the activity of center of ‘mass’. The steady states of several complex networks (gene regulatory networks and epidemic spreading systems) are then studied by analytically calculating the decoupled equation of the dynamic activity of center of ‘mass’, which is derived from the dynamic equation of the complex networks. The limitations of this method are also pointed out, such as the dynamical problems that related with the relative activities among components, and those systems that consist of oscillatory or chaotic motions.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Oxidative Stress Triggers Tgf-Beta-Dependent Muscle Dysfunction by Accelerating Ascorbic Acid Turnover
Authors: Pozzer Diego , Favellato Mariagrazia , Bolis Marco , Invernizzi Roberto William , Solagna Francesca , Blaauw Bert , Zito Ester 
Published: January 2017

AbstractEndoplasmic reticulum (ER) and oxidative stress are two related phenomena that have important metabolic consequences. As many skeletal muscle diseases are triggered by oxidative stress, we explored the chain of events linking a hyperoxidized ER (which causes ER and oxidative stress) with skeletal muscle dysfunction. An unbiased exon expression array showed that the combined genetic modulation of the two master ER redox proteins, selenoprotein N (SEPN1) and endoplasmic oxidoreductin 1 (ERO1), led to an SEPN1-related myopathic phenotype due to excessive signalling of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta. The increased TGF-beta activity in the genetic mutants was caused by accelerated turnover of the ER localized (anti-oxidant) ascorbic acid that affected collagen deposition in the extracellular matrix. In a mouse mutant of SEPN1, which is dependent on exogenous ascorbic acid, a limited intake of ascorbic acid revealed a myopathic phenotype as a consequence of an altered TGF-beta signalling. Indeed, systemic antagonism of TGF-beta re-established skeletal muscle function in SEPN1 mutant mice. In conclusion, this study sheds new light on the molecular mechanism of SEPN1-related myopathies and indicates that the TGF-beta/ERO1/ascorbic acid axis offers potential for their treatment.
Altered glucose and lipid homeostasis in liver and adipose tissue pre-dispose inducible NOS knockout mice to insulin resistance
Authors: Kanuri Babu Nageswararao , Kanshana Jitendra S. , Rebello Sanjay C. , Pathak Priya , Gupta Anand P. , Gayen Jiaur R. , Jagavelu Kumaravelu , Dikshit Madhu 
Published: January 2017

AbstractOn the basis of diet induced obesity and KO mice models, nitric oxide is implied to play an important role in the initiation of dyslipidemia induced insulin resistance. However, outcomes using iNOS KO mice have so far remained inconclusive. The present study aimed to assess IR in iNOS KO mice after 5 weeks of LFD feeding by monitoring body composition, energy homeostasis, insulin sensitivity/signaling, nitrite content and gene expressions changes in the tissues. We found that body weight and fat content in KO mice were significantly higher while the respiratory exchange ratio (RER), volume of carbon dioxide (VCO2), and heat production were lower as compared to WT mice. Furthermore, altered systemic glucose tolerance, tissue insulin signaling, hepatic gluconeogenesis, augmented hepatic lipids, adiposity, as well as gene expression regulating lipid synthesis, catabolism and efflux were evident in iNOS KO mice. Significant reduction in eNOS and nNOS gene expression, hepatic and adipose tissue nitrite content, circulatory nitrite was also observed. Oxygen consumption rate of mitochondrial respiration has remained unaltered in KO mice as measured using extracellular flux analyzer. Our findings establish a link between the NO status with systemic and tissue specific IR in iNOS KO mice at 5 weeks.
Multiplexing PKA and ERK1&2 kinases FRET biosensors in living cells using single excitation wavelength dual colour FLIM
Authors: Demeautis Claire , Sipieter François , Roul Julien , Chapuis Catherine , Padilla-Parra Sergi , Riquet Franck B. , Tramier Marc 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMonitoring of different signalling enzymes in a single assay using multiplex biosensing provides a multidimensional workspace to elucidate biological processes, signalling pathway crosstalk, and determine precise sequence of events at the single living cell level. In this study, we interrogate the complexity in cAMP/PKA-MAPK/ERK1&2 crosstalk by using multi-parameter biosensing experiments to correlate biochemical activities simultaneously in time and space. Using a single excitation wavelength dual colour FLIM method we are able to detect fluorescence lifetime images of two donors to simultaneously measure PKA and ERK1&2 kinase activities in the same cellular localization by using FRET biosensors. To this end, we excite two FRET donors mTFP1 and LSSmOrange with a 440 nm wavelength and we alleviate spectral bleed-through associated limitations with the very dim-fluorescent acceptor ShadowG for mTFP1 and the red-shifted mKate2 for LSSmOrange. The simultaneous recording of PKA and ERK1&2 kinase activities reveals concomitant EGF-mediated activations of both kinases in HeLa cells. Under these conditions the subsequent Forskolin-induced cAMP release reverses the transient increase of EGF-mediated ERK1&2 kinase activity while reinforcing PKA activation. Here we propose a validated methodology for multiparametric kinase biosensing in living cells using FRET-FLIM.
Overexpression of MoSM1, encoding for an immunity-inducing protein from Magnaporthe oryzae, in rice confers broad-spectrum resistance against fungal and bacterial diseases
Authors: Hong Yongbo , Yang Yayun , Zhang Huijuan , Huang Lei , Li Dayong , Song Fengming 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPotential ofMoSM1, encoding for a cerato-platanin protein fromMagnaporthe oryzae, in improvement of rice disease resistance was examined. Transient expression ofMoSM1in rice leaves initiated hypersensitive response and upregulated expression of defense genes. When transiently expressed in tobacco leaves, MoSM1 targeted to plasma membrane. TheMoSM1-overexpressing (MoSM1-OE) transgenic rice lines showed an improved resistance, as revealed by the reduced disease severity and decreasedin plantapathogen growth, against 2 strains belonging to two different races ofM. oryzae, causing blast disease, and against 2 strains ofXanthomonas oryzaepv.oryzae, causing bacterial leaf blight disease. However, no alteration in resistance to sheath blight disease was observed in MoSM1-OE lines. The MoSM1-OE plants contained elevated levels of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) and constitutively activated the expression of SA and JA signaling-related regulatory and defense genes. Furthermore, the MoSM1-OE plants had no effect on drought and salt stress tolerance and on grain yield. We conclude that MoSM1 confers a broad-spectrum resistance against different pathogens through modulating SA- and JA-mediated signaling pathways without any penalty on abiotic stress tolerance and grain yield, providing a promising potential for application of MoSM1 in improvement of disease resistance in crops.
Fabrication of Au-Ag nanocage@NaYF4@NaYF4:Yb,Er Core-Shell Hybrid and its Tunable Upconversion Enhancement
Authors: Chen Xu , Zhou Donglei , Xu Wen , Zhu Jinyang , Pan Gencai , Yin Ze , Wang He , Zhu Yongsheng , Shaobo Cui , Song Hongwei 
Published: January 2017

AbstractLocalized electric filed enhancement by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of noble metal nanoparticles is an effective method to amplify the upconversion luminescence (UCL) strength of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), whereas the highly effective UCL enhancement of UCNPs in colloids has not been realized until now. Here, we designed and fabricated the colloidal Au-Ag nanocage@NaYF4@NaYF4:Yb,Er core-shell hybrid with different intermediate thickness (NaYF4) and tunable SPR peaks from visible wavelength region to NIR region. After the optimization of the intermediate spacer thickness (~7.5 nm) of NaYF4 NPs and the SPR peak (~950 nm) of noble metal nanoparticles, an optimum enhancement as high as ~25 folds was obtained. Systematic investigation indicates that UCL enhancement mainly originates from the influence of the intermediate spacer and the coupling of Au-Ag nanocages with the excitation electromagnetic field of the UCNPs. Our findings may provide a new thinking on designing highly effective metal@UCNPs core-shell hybrid in colloids.
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein M associates with mTORC2 and regulates muscle differentiation
Authors: Chen Wei-Yen , Lin Chia-Lung , Chuang Jen-Hua , Chiu Fu-Yu , Sun Yun-Ya , Liang Mei-Chih , Lin Yenshou 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays a range of crucial roles in cell survival, growth, proliferation, metabolism, and morphology. However, mTOR forms two distinct complexes, mTOR complex 1 and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC1 and mTORC2), via association with a series of different components; this allows the complexes to execute their wide range of functions. This study explores further the composition of the mTORC2 complex. Utilizing Rictor knock-out cells, immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, a novel Rictor associated protein, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein M (hnRNP M), was identified. The association between hnRNP M and Rictor was verified using recombinant and endogenous protein and the binding site was found to be within aa 1~532 of hnRNP M. The presence of hnRNP M significantly affects phosphorylation of SGK1 S422, but not of Akt S473, PKCα S657 and PKCζ T560. Furthermore, hnRNP M also plays a critical role in muscle differentiation because knock-down of either hnRNP M or Rictor in C2C12 myoblasts reduced differentiation. This decrease is able to be rescued by overexpression SGK S422D in hnRNP M knockdown C2C12 myoblasts. Taken together, we have identified a novel Rictor/mTOR binding molecule, hnRNP M, that allows mTORC2 signaling to phosphorylate SGK1 thus regulating muscle differentiation.
Endoscopic
submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer in very elderly patients age 85
or older
Authors: Watanabe Ko , Hikichi Takuto , Nakamura Jun , Takagi Tadayuki , Suzuki Rei , Sugimoto Mitsuru , Waragai Yuichi , Kikuchi Hitomi , Konno Naoki , Asama Hiroyuki , Takasumi Mika , Obara Katsutoshi , Ohira Hiromasa 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims The safety and efficacy of endoscopic submucosal
dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer (EGC) in very elderly patients remains
unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ESD
for EGC in patients age 85 years and older.
Patients and methods Patients who underwent ESD for EGC between September
2003 and April 2015 were divided into 3 groups: the very elderly (≥ 85 years; 43
patients), the elderly (65 – 84 years; 511 patients), and the non-elderly ( ≤ 64
years; 161 patients). Adverse events (AEs) were used as the primary endpoint to
assess the safety of ESD, and the ESD treatment outcomes (i. e., en bloc
resection rate, complete en bloc resection rate, and curative resection
rate) and the overall survival rate after ESD were the secondary endpoints.
These parameters were retrospectively evaluated in the 3 groups.
Results There were no significant differences in AEs (non-elderly,
elderly, and very elderly: 7.3, 9.5, and 12.5 %, respectively, P = 0.491)
or in the en bloc resection and complete en bloc resection rates
among the three groups. However, there was a significant difference in the
curative resection rates (non-elderly, elderly, and very elderly: 91.5, 84.1,
and 77.1 %, respectively, P = 0.014). Regarding overall survival, there
was a significant difference among the three groups (1-, 5-, and 10-year overall
survival rates: non-elderly: 98.6, 90.2, and 74.7 %; elderly: 97.2, 86.2, and
61.9 %; and very elderly: 92.7, 66.8, and 34.4 %, respectively,
P = 0.001). Moreover, the overall survival rate in the very elderly
patients with cardiovascular disease was significantly lower than that in the
very elderly patients without cardiovascular disease (P < 0.001).
Conclusions ESD is an acceptable treatment for EGC in patients 85 years of
age or older in terms of safety. However, the overall survival after ESD in the
very elderly patients with cardiovascular disease was
short.
Evaluation of a Predictive Staging Model for HIV-Associated Kaposi Sarcoma in Uganda
Authors: Okuku Fred , Krantz Elizabeth M. , Kafeero James , Kamya Moses R. , Orem Jackson , Casper Corey , Phipps Warren 
Published: January 2017

Background:
HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is commonly staged using the AIDS Clinical Trials Group criteria, which classify 3 variables— tumor extent (T), immune status (I), and systemic symptoms (S)—into good risk (0) and poor risk (1). Although validated in the United States and Europe, these criteria have not been systematically evaluated in sub-Saharan Africa, where the burden of KS is greatest.

Methods:
We reviewed medical charts of adult patients with HIV-associated KS seen at the Uganda Cancer Institute from 1992 to 2007. Vital status at 2 years after KS diagnosis was determined from the medical chart, or by contacting the patient or next of kin. Survival estimates used Kaplan–Meier methods. Predictors were evaluated for 2 periods: 0–4 months and 4–24 months after diagnosis.

Results:
At 2 years after diagnosis, 167 (41%) patients were alive, 156 (39%) had died, and 81 (20%) were lost to follow-up. The Kaplan–Meier estimate of 2-year survival was 57%. S1 was associated with death in months 0–4 [hazard ratio: 6.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.9–21.1], whereas T1 was associated with death in months 4–24 [hazard ratio: 4.0, 95% confidence interval: 1.4 to 11.5]. Immune status was not associated with survival.

Conclusions:
Systemic symptoms were strongly associated with death in the early period after KS diagnosis, whereas tumor status was most predictive of death in the 4- to 24-month period. These findings suggest that different processes may influence outcomes in early and late periods following KS diagnosis. Further studies are needed to confirm these observations and to identify better predictors of KS survival in sub-Saharan Africa.
Spike-based phylogenetically defined clades within theAlphacoronavirus 1species
Authors: Whittaker Gary R. , André Nicole M. , Millet Jean Kaoru 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTaxonomic classification for theCoronaviridaecan be challenging, due to the wide host tropism and highly variable genome of the viruses in this Family. Within theAlphacoronavirusgenus, there is a single speciesAlphacoronavirus 1that encompasses several biologically distinct viruses of distinct animal species. Here, we carried out phylogenetic analysis of members of theAlphacoronavirusgenus, focusing on the viral spike gene, which is a primary driver of viral tropism and pathogenesis. We identify two distinct clades (A and B) within theAlphacoronavirus 1species.Alphacoronavirus 1clade A encompasses serotype I FCoV and CCoV, andAlphacoronavirus 1clade B, encompasses serotype II FCoV and CCoV and TGEV-like viruses. We propose this clade designation, along with the newly proposedAlphacoronavirus 2species, as an improved way to classify the diverseAlphacoronavirusgenus.
Cognitive task information is transferred between brain regions via resting-state network topology
Authors: Ito Takuya , Kulkarni Kaustubh R. , Schultz Douglas H. , Mill Ravi D. , Chen Richard H. , Solomyak Levi I. , Cole Michael W. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractResting-state network connectivity has been associated with a variety of cognitive abilities, yet it remains unclear how these connectivity properties might contribute to the neurocognitive computations underlying these abilities. We developed a new approach – information transfer mapping – to test the hypothesis that resting-state functional network topology describes the computational mappings between brain regions that carry cognitive task information. Here we report that the transfer of diverse, task-rule information in distributed brain regions can be predicted based on estimated activity flow through resting-state network connections. Further, we find that these task-rule information transfers are coordinated by global hub regions within cognitive control networks. Activity flow over resting-state connections thus provides a large-scale network mechanism for cognitive task information transfer and global information coordination in the human brain, demonstrating the cognitive relevance of resting-state network topology.