bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maladaptive repetitive thought as a transdiagnostic phenomenon and treatment target: An integrative review
Authors: Kaplan Deanna M. , Palitsky Roman , Carey Angela L. , Crane Tracy E. , Havens Cody M. , Medrano Michael R. , Reznik Samantha J. , Sbarra David A. , O'Connor Mary‐Frances 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectiveMaladaptive repetitive thought (RT), the frequent and repetitive revisiting of thoughts or internal experiences, is associated with a range of psychopathological processes and disorders. We present a synthesis of prior research on maladaptive RT and develop a framework for elucidating and distinguishing between five forms of maladaptive RT.MethodIn addition to the previously studied maladaptive RT (worry, rumination, and obsession), this framework is used to identify two additional forms of maladaptive RT (yearning and interoceptive RT). We then present a review of extant psychotherapy intervention research targeting maladaptive RT, focusing both on specific empirically based treatment strategies, and also constructs within treatments that impact maladaptive RT.ConclusionThe paper concludes with recommendations for future basic and intervention research on maladaptive RT and related psychopathologies.
Effect of ethanol on the antimicrobial properties of chlorhexidine over oral biofilm
Authors: Duarte Pedro Henrique Marks , da Silva Paula Barcellos , Rosa Ricardo Abreu da , Montagner Francisco , Duarte Marco Antônio Húngaro , Kuga Milton Carlos , Só Marcus Vinícius Reis 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 95% ethanol irrigation, with 5 or 10 min of action, on the antibacterial properties of 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), on oral biofilm, evaluated with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Oral biofilm development was induced in 80 sterilized bovine dentin blocks, distributed in two groups (5 or 10 min) and 4 subgroups, according to time and the solution used: Saline (SALINE5, SALINE10); Saline followed by CHX (SALINE/CHX5, SALINE/CHX10); Ethanol (ETHANOL5, ETHANOL10), Ethanol followed by CHX (ETHANOL/CHX5, ETHANOL/CHX10). The surface of the block was dyed with Live/Dead® BacLight. Images from different areas were analyzed by BioImage L program. The total biovolum (µm³), biovolum of live cells (green), percentage of live cells of the thickness of the biofilm visualized in CLSM and on surface biofilm were evaluated. Total biovolum and biovolum of living cells showed similar results among the different groups (p > .05). The percentage of living cells in total thickness of the biofilm also was similar among the groups (p > .05), except ETHANOL5, SALINE/CHX10, ETHANOL10, and ETHANOL/CHX10 that showed lower percentage than SALINE5 (p < .05). The ETHANOL10 and ETHANOL/CHX10 also showed lower percentage of living cells than ETHANOL/CHX5 and SALINE10 (p < .05). In relation to biofilm surface, SALINE/CHX5, SALINE/CHX10, ETHANOL5, ETHANOL10, ETHANOL/CHX5, and ETHANOL/CHX10 showed a lower percentage of living cells percentage than SALINE5 and SALINE10 groups (p < .05). Therefore, ethanol has no effect on antimicrobial properties of 2% chlorhexidine, prior when used as endodontic irrigating solution.
Regional frequency analysis of extreme rainfall in Sicily (Italy)
Authors: Forestieri Angelo , Lo Conti Francesco , Blenkinsop Stephen , Cannarozzo Marcella , Fowler Hayley J. , Noto Leonardo V. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTExtreme rainfall events have large impacts on society and are likely to increase in intensity under climate change. For design and management decisions, particularly regarding hydraulic works, accurate estimates of precipitation magnitudes are needed at different durations. In this article, an objective approach of the regional frequency analysis (RFA) has been applied to precipitation data for the island of Sicily, Italy. Annual maximum series for rainfall with durations of 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h from about 130 rain gauges were used. The RFA has been implemented using principal component analysis (PCA) followed by a clustering analysis, through thek‐means algorithm, to identify statistically homogeneous groups of stations for the derivation of regional growth curves. Three regional probability distributions were identified as appropriate from an initial wider selection of distributions and were compared – the three‐parameter log‐normal distribution (LN3), the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution, and the two component extreme value (TCEV) distribution. The regional parameters of these distributions were estimated using L‐moments and considering a hierarchical approach. Finally, assessment of the accuracy of the growth curves was achieved by means of the relative bias and relative root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) using a simulation analysis of regional L‐moments. Results highlight that for the lower return periods, all distributions showed the same accuracy while for higher return periods the LN3 distribution provided the best result. The study provides an updated resource for the estimation of extreme precipitation quantiles for Sicily through the derivation of growth curves needed to obtain depth–duration–frequency (DDF) curves.
Synthesis of PtAu Alloy Nanocrystals in Micelle Nanoreactors Enabled by Flash Heating and Cooling
Authors: Zhang Dongtang , Chen Chunnian , Wang Xiayan , Guo Guangsheng , Sun Yugang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA microwave‐assisted flash heating and cooling strategy has been developed for the rapid synthesis of bimetallic alloy nanocrystals made of immiscible metals in microemulsion micelle nanoreactors. The promising oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts of PtAu alloy nanocrystals with tunable compositions have been successfully synthesized by using the new strategy. The water‐in‐oil (w/o) microemulsion micelles contain strong microwave‐absorbing species (including metal ion precursors, reducing reagent, water, n‐butanol) and they are surrounded with cyclohexane that barely absorbs microwave. The selective absorption of microwave energy in the micelles enables the rapid production of well‐mixed PtAu alloy melt at extremely high local temperatures while the micelle walls are cooled with the cold pool of cyclohexane to freeze the PtAu alloy melt into PtAu alloy nanocrystals with a uniform distribution of metal atoms. Such flash heating inside micelle containers followed by the flash cooling on the micelle walls results in a non‐equilibrium thermodynamic condition to benefit the formation of alloy nanocrystals composed of two immiscible metals.
Underwater video monitoring of fish passage in the Mekong River at Sadam Channel, Khone Falls, Laos
Authors: Hawkins P.R. , Hortle K.G. , Phommanivong S. , Singsua Y. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis paper describes the first measurement of fish passage in the Mekong River at Khone Falls. The site was in the Sadam Channel, which was modified in 2013 to improve fish passage and mitigate closure of Sahong Channel for the Don Sahong hydropower project. Underwater cameras recorded 149 hr of discontinuous video from January 18 to 26, 2015, which showed a major upstream migration by small cyprinid fish. Daily catch surveys in the same channel showed most fish migrated on days when video records were almost complete. We used stratified hourly sampling to review 17% of the available video and counted 14,783 fish and identified 16 taxa. The most abundant species were Labiobarbus leptocheilus, Henicorhynchus lobatus, and Henicorhynchus siamensis, and these fishes migrated almost exclusively during daylight. We calculated passage rates for West Sadam Channel from video samples and extrapolated those results to Sadam Channel, by assuming equivalent passage rates for both East and West Sadam Channels. This assumption was based on observations that fish were evenly distributed between both banks below the confluence, and they migrated close to each bank, so we assumed that there was an even split at the confluence and neither channel was preferred for upstream passage. Although channel modification improved fish passage efficiency, we estimated that artisanal fishers caught 79% of migrating fish in Sadam Channel, so fishing pressure remains the greatest risk to successful fish passage. Active fisheries management will be necessary to sustain and further improve passage efficiency in future.
Compact inverted index storage using general‐purpose compression libraries
Authors: Petri Matthias , Moffat Alistair 
Published: January 2018

SummaryEfficient storage of large inverted indexes is one of the key technologies that support current web search services. Here we re‐examine mechanisms for representing document‐level inverted indexes and within‐document term frequencies, including comparing specialized methods developed for this task against recent fast implementations of general‐purpose adaptive compression techniques. Experiments with the Gov2‐URL collection and a large collection of crawled news stories show that standard compression libraries can provide compression effectiveness as good as or better than previous methods, with decoding rates only moderately slower than reference implementations of those tailored approaches. This surprising outcome means that high‐performance index compression can be achieved without requiring the use of specialized implementations.
Public health response to a measles outbreak on a university campus in Australia, 2015
Authors: Smith J. , Banu S. , Young M. , Francis D. , Langfeldt K. , Jarvinen K. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis report describes the effective public health response to a measles outbreak involving a university campus in Brisbane, Australia. Eleven cases in total were notified, mostly university students. The public health response included targeted measles vaccination clinics which were established on campus and focused on student groups most likely to have been exposed. The size of the university population, social interaction between students on and off campus, as well as limited vaccination records for the university community presented challenges for the control of this extremely infectious illness. We recommend domestic students ensure vaccinations are current prior to matriculation. Immunisation information should be included in university student enrolment packs. Incoming international students should ensure routine vaccinations are up-to-date prior to arrival in Australia, thereby reducing the risk of importation of measles and other infectious diseases.
Why is Toru Hashimoto Called ‘a Japanese version of Trump’ or ‘Hitler’? A Linguistic Examination of Hashimoto's Attack on His Opponents
Authors: SHIBATA MASAKI 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe former Osaka Mayor Toru Hashimoto is the focus of much public attention in Japan. He is a polarizing figure who is both liked and disliked in equal measures, and his political character, including his argumentative approach, has been widely discussed by the Japanese and international media, as well as within academic research. For example, theJapan Timeslabelled his speech style as ‘a Japanese version of Donald Trump and the former Tokyo mayor, Shintaro Ishihara, said Hashimoto's speech is like ‘Hitler's’. This study examines the differences between Hashimoto's rhetoric and that of other Japanese politicians. Of the various tactics involved in the argumentative strategy of Hashimoto, this study specifically focuses on his attacking of opponents, which is one of the common and important tactics used in political debate. This study analyses the three linguistic approaches used in political debate: the policies or character of the target; the evaluative meanings of attack, and negotiation used to reduce the assertiveness of attack. The data were drawn from a televised political debate, in which Hashimoto was required to debate with three opponents who opposed his points of view. This study demonstrates that the target and the evaluative meanings behind Hashimoto's attacks were not remarkably different from the other politicians. However, Hashimoto did not use negotiation and and he was more assertive in presenting criticisms while the other politicians’ criticisms were mediated by negotiation.
High-fidelity entanglement swapping and generation of three-qubit GHZ state using asynchronous telecom photon pair sources
Authors: Tsujimoto Yoshiaki , Tanaka Motoki , Iwasaki Nobuo , Ikuta Rikizo , Miki Shigehito , Yamashita Taro , Terai Hirotaka , Yamamoto Takashi , Koashi Masato , Imoto Nobuyuki 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe experimentally demonstrate a high-fidelity entanglement swapping and a generation of the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state using polarization-entangled photon pairs at telecommunication wavelength produced by spontaneous parametric down conversion with continuous-wave pump light. While spatially separated sources asynchronously emit photon pairs, the time-resolved photon detection guarantees the temporal indistinguishability of photons without active timing synchronizations of pump lasers and/or adjustment of optical paths. In the experiment, photons are sufficiently narrowed by fiber-based Bragg gratings with the central wavelengths of 1541 nm & 1580 nm, and detected by superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors with low timing jitters. The observed fidelities of the final states for entanglement swapping and the generated three-qubit state were 0.84 ± 0.04 and 0.70 ± 0.05, respectively.
Controlling AOX1 promoter strength in Pichia pastoris by manipulating poly (dA:dT) tracts
Authors: Yang Jun , Cai Haiming , Liu Jie , Zeng Min , Chen Jiawei , Cheng Qingmei , Zhang Linghua 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAlcohol oxidase I (AOX1) promoter is the most popular but strictly-regulated methanol inducible promoter for heterologous protein expression in Pichia pastoris. In recent years, AOX1 promoter libraries have been developed with deletion or insertion methods. The present research manipulated poly (dA:dT) tracts in this promoter to control promoter strength, which hadn’t been tried before. There were 34 variants derived from the native AOX1 promoter constructed. And variants were integrated into the same genomic location and upstream of the same reporter gene porcine growth hormone (pGH). To test the transferability of the results obtained from reporter gene pGH, the variants were connected to reporter gene Lac Z. The resulted promoter library spanned an activity range between 0.25 and 3.5 fold of the wild-type promoter activity. In addition, activities of variants correlated with their predicted nucleosome architecture, which were directed by poly (dA:dT) tracts. The cumulative sum of predicted nucleosome affinity across the region (−820 to −540) was related to promoters strength in single deletion variants on a proportional basis. Overall, the research promotes understanding of the regulatory patterns for AOX1 promoter and suggested that varying promoter expression of engineering nucleosome architecture was also a feasible approach in P. pastoris.
Development of Vaccine Preferences among Parents of Newborns
Authors: Knowles Jamie , Lohr Jacob , Yarnall J. 
Published: January 2018

Objective Vaccine hesitancy and refusal and the resulting outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases continue to be an issue today. Most of contemporary research on these issues has focused on underlying characteristics of non-vaccinators and ambivalent parents; however, few studies have looked into how or when vaccine preferences develop. In this study, we sought to explore when parental preferences for vaccines develop in relation to a pregnancy. We also examined self-reported influences on vaccine decision making.
Methods We recruited and administered a short survey to parents at the North Carolina Women's Hospital in Chapel Hill, NC, following the birth of their child from February to April 2015.
Results A total of 166 parents (55%) completed the entire survey. Seventy-two percent of surveyed parents reported deciding on their vaccine preferences for their newborn before conception. Parents who were older, Caucasian, married, and had attained higher levels of education were significantly more likely to develop preconception vaccine preferences. The presence of partner conversations in the past and the desire for more information on vaccines were also significant predictors of preconception vaccine preference development. After logistic regression adjustment, only education level and past vaccine conversations remained significant. The most common influences for vaccine decision making were family, friends, and medical staff and organizations.
Conclusion Our study documents that a majority of parents establish vaccine decision making and preferences before conception. Notable influences from friends, family, and medical sources are part of the process. These findings suggest that vaccine information and interventions currently are given too late in the vaccine preference decision-making process.
Die atypische Femurfraktur als Sonderfall der Alterstraumatologie
Authors: Oberthür Swantje , Sehmisch Stephan , Schilling Arndt , Lehmann Wolfgang , Siggelkow Heide , Hoffmann Daniel 
Published: January 2018

ZusammenfassungAtypische Femurfrakturen (AFF) stellen einen Sonderfall in der Alterstraumatologie dar und machen im Hinblick auf die Gesamtzahl der Femurfrakturen nur einen geringen Anteil aus. Im Gegensatz zur klassischen Fraktur des proximalen Femurs sind AFF subtrochantär bzw. im Schaftbereich lokalisiert, entstehen häufig ohne adäquates Unfallereignis und zeigen charakteristische Merkmale im Röntgenbild. In vielen Fällen kommt es zu einem bilateralen Auftreten von AFF. Klinisch besteht oftmals Tage bis Monate vor der Diagnose einer AFF ein Prodromalschmerz im entsprechenden Bein bzw. der Leistengegend. Durch die American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR) wurden Haupt- und Nebenkriterien zur Definition einer atypischen Femurfraktur erstellt. Diese sollen die Diagnosestellung erleichtern. Zu den Hauptkriterium zählen u. a. die peri- oder endostale Verdickung der lateralen Kortikalis sowie das Fehlen einer Frakturtrümmerzone. Um eine Fraktur als AFF zu definieren, müssen mindestens 4 der 5 Hauptkriterien erfüllt sein. Es gibt Evidenz für eine Korrelation zwischen AFF und der (Langzeit-)Einnahme von Bisphosphonaten. Atypische Femurfrakturen können jedoch auch ohne Bisphosphonateinnahme auftreten. Ist eine AFF diagnostiziert, sollte die Bisphosphonattherapie pausiert werden. Für die Therapie unterscheidet man zwischen kompletter und inkompletter Fraktur. Komplette AFF werden operativ zumeist mit einer Marknagelosteosynthese stabilisiert. Inkomplette Frakturen können konservativ therapiert werden – es gibt jedoch eine hohe Versagerrate mit Progress in eine komplette Fraktur, sodass bei persistierenden Schmerzen eher die prophylaktische Marknagelosteosynthese empfohlen wird. Der Behandlungsverlauf nach bisphosphonatassoziierten AFF ist häufiger mit perioperativen Komplikationen vergesellschaftet als die Behandlung von „typischen“ Femurfrakturen. Somit ist die Kenntnis der Pathophysiologie und der Therapieoptionen der Schlüssel zur erfolgreichen Behandlung dieser Verletzung.
APAtrap: identification and quantification of alternative polyadenylation sites from RNA-seq data
Authors: Ye Congting , Long Yuqi , Ji Guoli , Li Qingshun Quinn , Wu Xiaohui 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMotivationAlternative polyadenylation (APA) has been increasingly recognized as a crucial mechanism that contributes to transcriptome diversity and gene expression regulation. As RNA-seq has become a routine protocol for transcriptome analysis, it is of great interest to leverage such unprecedented collection of RNA-seq data by new computational methods to extract and quantify APA dynamics in these transcriptomes. However, research progress in this area has been relatively limited. Conventional methods rely on either transcript assembly to determine transcript 3′ ends or annotated poly(A) sites. Moreover, they can neither identify more than two poly(A) sites in a gene nor detect dynamic APA site usage considering more than two poly(A) sites.ResultsWe developed an approach called APAtrap based on the mean squared error model to identify and quantify APA sites from RNA-seq data. APAtrap is capable of identifying novel 3′ UTRs and 3′ UTR extensions, which contributes to locating potential poly(A) sites in previously overlooked regions and improving genome annotations. APAtrap also aims to tally all potential poly(A) sites and detect genes with differential APA site usages between conditions. Extensive comparisons of APAtrap with two other latest methods, ChangePoint and DaPars, using various RNA-seq datasets from simulation studies, human and Arabidopsis demonstrate the efficacy and flexibility of APAtrap for any organisms with an annotated genome.Availability and implementationFreely available for download at https://apatrap.sourceforge.io.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
OPAL: prediction of MoRF regions in intrinsically disordered protein sequences
Authors: Sharma Ronesh , Raicar Gaurav , Tsunoda Tatsuhiko , Patil Ashwini , Sharma Alok 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMotivationIntrinsically disordered proteins lack stable 3-dimensional structure and play a crucial role in performing various biological functions. Key to their biological function are the molecular recognition features (MoRFs) located within long disordered regions. Computationally identifying these MoRFs from disordered protein sequences is a challenging task. In this study, we present a new MoRF predictor, OPAL, to identify MoRFs in disordered protein sequences. OPAL utilizes two independent sources of information computed using different component predictors. The scores are processed and combined using common averaging method. The first score is computed using a component MoRF predictor which utilizes composition and sequence similarity of MoRF and non-MoRF regions to detect MoRFs. The second score is calculated using half-sphere exposure (HSE), solvent accessible surface area (ASA) and backbone angle information of the disordered protein sequence, using information from the amino acid properties of flanks surrounding the MoRFs to distinguish MoRF and non-MoRF residues.ResultsOPAL is evaluated using test sets that were previously used to evaluate MoRF predictors, MoRFpred, MoRFchibi and MoRFchibi-web. The results demonstrate that OPAL outperforms all the available MoRF predictors and is the most accurate predictor available for MoRF prediction. It is available at http://www.alok-ai-lab.com/tools/opal/.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.