bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small bowel fed response as measured by wireless motility capsule: Comparative analysis in healthy, gastroparetic, and constipated subjects
Authors: Surjanhata B. , Brun R. , Wilding G. , Semler J. , Kuo B. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundSmall bowel fed response is an increased contractile activity pattern following the ingestion of a meal. Postprandial motility is traditionally evaluated using small bowel manometry. Wireless motility capsule (WMC) is an ingestible wireless capsule that measures pH, temperature, and intraluminal pressure. The primary aim of the study was to assess small bowel fed response captured with the non‐invasive WMC. The secondary aim was to compare the fed response patterns between healthy subjects and patients with motility disorders of gastroparesis and constipation.MethodsAll subjects had 250 cc Ensure® meal 6 hours after WMC ingestion. Frequency of contractions (Ct), area under the curve (AUC), and motility index (MI) were analyzed during 30 minutes of pre‐prandial baseline and 60 minutes postprandially in 20‐minute windows.Key ResultsOne hundred and eighty‐eight subjects (107 healthy, 23 gastroparetics, 58 constipated) were analyzed. Healthy: Ct, AUC, and MI all increased significantly immediately after meal ingestion (P < .01). Motility parameters peak at 20‐40 minutes postmeal. The motor activity decreased at the end of postprandial hour, but was still significantly higher than the fasting baseline (P < .01). Gastroparetics: All motility parameters failed to increase significantly compared to the baseline throughout the entire postprandial hour. Constipated: The fed response was similar to healthy subjects.Conclusions and InferencesThe small bowel fed response was readily observed in healthy and chronic constipation subjects with WMC but is blunted in gastroparetics. A blunted small bowel fed response suggests neuropathic changes outside the stomach and may contribute to postprandial symptoms.
Percutaneous endoscopic colostomy for adults with chronic constipation: Retrospective case series of 12 patients
Authors: Strijbos D. , Keszthelyi D. , Masclee A. A. M. , Gilissen L. P. L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundPercutaneous endoscopic colostomy (PEC) is a technique derived from percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. When conservative treatment of chronic obstipation fails, colon irrigation via PEC seems less invasive than surgical interventions. However, previous studies have noted high complication rates of PEC, mostly related to infections. Our aim was to report our experiences with PEC in patients with chronic refractory constipation.MethodsRetrospective analysis of all patients who underwent PEC for refractory constipation in our secondary referral hospital between 2009 and 2016.Key ResultsTwelve patients received a PEC for chronic, refractory constipation. Short‐term efficacy for relief of constipation symptoms was good in 8 patients and moderate in 4 patients. Two patients had the PEC removed because of spontaneous improvement of constipation. Three patients, who initially noticed a positive effect, preferred an ileostomy over PEC after 1‐5 years. One PEC was removed because of an abscess. Long‐term efficacy is 50%: 6 patients still use their PEC after 3.3 years of follow‐up. No mortality occurred.Conclusions and InterferencesPEC offers a technically easily feasible and safe treatment option for patients with chronic constipation not responding to conventional therapy. Long‐term efficacy of PEC in our patients is 50%.
Plant–microbe interactions: organelles and the cytoskeleton in action
Authors: Park Eunsook , Nedo Alexander , Caplan Jeffrey L. , Dinesh‐Kumar Savithramma P. 
Published: December 2017

Contents

Summary
1012

I.
Introduction
1012

II.
The endomembrane system in plant–microbe interactions
1013

III.
The cytoskeleton in plant–microbe interactions
1017

IV.
Organelles in plant–microbe interactions
1019

V.
Inter‐organellar communication in plant–microbe interactions
1022

VI.
Conclusions and prospects
1023

Acknowledgements
1024

References
1024

SummaryPlants have evolved a multilayered immune system with well‐orchestrated defense strategies against pathogen attack. Multiple immune signaling pathways, coordinated by several subcellular compartments and interactions between these compartments, play important roles in a successful immune response. Pathogens use various strategies to either directly attack the plant's immune system or to indirectly manipulate the physiological status of the plant to inhibit an immune response. Microscopy‐based approaches have allowed the direct visualization of membrane trafficking events, cytoskeleton reorganization, subcellular dynamics and inter‐organellar communication during the immune response. Here, we discuss the contributions of organelles and the cytoskeleton to the plant's defense response against microbial pathogens, as well as the mechanisms used by pathogens to target these compartments to overcome the plant's defense barrier.
Brain responses to stimuli mimicking dental treatment among non‐phobic individuals: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Yeung AWK , Goto TK , Leung WK 
Published: December 2017

Numerous neuroimaging studies have attempted to identify how the brain responds to stimuli mimicking dental treatment in normal non‐phobic individuals. However, results were sometimes inconsistent due to small sample sizes and methodological variations. This meta‐analysis employs standardized procedures to summarize data from previous studies to identify brain regions that were consistently activated across studies, elicited by stimuli such as pictures, sounds, or audiovisual footage mimicking those encountered during dental treatments. A systematic literature search was carried out using PubMed and Scopus. The meta‐analysis analyzed data from 120 healthy subjects from seven neuroimaging studies. We assessed the risk of bias among the included studies with the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Nonrandomized Studies. One study appeared to have a high risk of selection bias, whereas the others were considered to have a low risk of bias. Results revealed three clusters of activation with cluster sizes ranging from 768 mm3 to 1,424 mm3. Stimuli mimicking dental treatment consistently activated the bilateral anterior insula; right dorsal anterior cingulate, putamen, and medial prefrontal cortex; and left claustrum. This study confirmed that audio and/or visual stimuli mimicking dental treatment consistently activated the fear‐related brain regions among healthy subjects, mostly consistent with activations from general anxiety but without the involvement of the amygdala.
Management of intracranial hemorrhage in severe factor V deficiency and definitive treatment with liver transplantation
Authors: DesPain Angelica W. , Kshetrapal Anisha , Kousa Youssef A. , Guelcher Christine , Yazigi Nada A. , Gonzalez Corina E. , Nguyen Vinh , Kroemer Alexander , Kaufman Stuart S. , Guerrera Michael F. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractFV is primarily produced in the liver, and congenital FV deficiency is a disorder with an incidence of one in 1 million. Standard care is to treat severe bleeding phenotypes with FFP as there is no recombinant or plasma‐derived FV concentrate. We present a case of a neonate with known severe FV deficiency diagnosed after prolonged bleeding after circumcision who represented at age 2 months with a large left intraparenchymal hemorrhage. His bleed was treated with FFP, platelet transfusion, recombinant VIIa, and emergent evacuation. He was maintained on plasma infusions but was unable to space his infusions beyond 48 hours. Liver transplantation was considered as a definitive treatment for this condition. While awaiting a suitable liver, his FV trough levels occasionally dropped below 5%, and he suffered from a second acute intracranial bleed. He received an orthotopic liver transplant at age 5 months, resulting in correction of his FV levels. He has not required any plasma infusions post‐transplantation and has had no further bleeding episodes. Liver transplantation should be considered as definitive treatment early in the course for patients with severe FV deficiency and first time life‐threatening bleed.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Vacuum‐activated TiO2 Induced by Oxygen Vacancies
Authors: Dong Guoyan , Wang Xin , Chen Zhiwu , Lu Zhenya 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTiO2 (Degussa P25) photocatalysts harboring abundant oxygen vacancies (Vacuum P25) were manufactured using a simple and economic Vacuum deoxidation process. Control experiments showed that temperature and time of vacuum deoxidation had a significant effect on Vacuum P25 photocatalytic activity. After 240 min of visible light illumination, the optimal Vacuum P25 photocatalysts (vacuum deoxidation treated at 330 °C for 3 h) reach as high as 94% and 88% of photodegradation efficiency for rhodamine B (RhB) and tetracycline, respectively, which are around 4.5 and 4.9 times as that of pristine P25. The XPS, PL and EPR analyses indicated that the oxygen vacancies were produced in the Vacuum P25 during the vacuum deoxidation process. The oxygen vacancy states can produce vacancy energy level located below the conduction band minimum, which resulting in the bandgap narrowing, thus extending the photoresponse wavelength range of Vacuum P25. The positron annihilation analysis indicated that the concentrations ratio of bulk and surface oxygen vacancies could be adjusted by changing the vacuum deoxidation temperature and time. Decreasing the ratio of bulk and surface oxygen vacancies was shown to improve photogenerated electron–hole pair separation efficiency, which leads to an obvious enhancement of the visible photocatalytic activities of Vacuum P25.
Theoretical Insight into the Emission Properties of the Luciferin and Oxyluciferin of Latia
Authors: Yu Mohan , Ohmiya Yoshihiro , Naumov Panče , Liu Ya‐Jun 
Published: December 2017

AbstractLatia neritoides is a small limpet‐like snail that produces a bright green bioluminescence (BL) via a unique light‐emitting system. The process, mechanism, and even light emitter of its light emission remain unknown, although this BL has been known for decades. Unlike the other BL systems, neither the luciferin (Luc) nor the oxyluciferin (OxyLuc) of Latia is fluorescent according to the previous experiments. To help to identify its bioluminophore, we studied the geometrical and electronic structures and absorption and fluorescence spectra of Latia Luc and its six analogs as well as its OxyLuc in the gas phase and in water. The calculated results provide clear evidence of the lack of fluorescence in the Luc and OxyLuc of Latia. For the analogs of Latia Luc, the electron‐withdrawing or electron‐donating ability of the substituted group affects the fluorescence. The results shed new light on the BL mechanism and will likely aid the understanding of Latia BL.
Estimating the impact of country‐level policy restrictions on services trade
Authors: Gervais Antoine 
Published: December 2017

AbstractStandard techniques used to estimate gravity equations, rely on bilateral variation to identify the effect of trade barriers on bilateral trade flows. In this paper, I develop a method that estimates the effects of country‐level variables on trade between countries in the presence of firm heterogeneity and country selection into trade, a natural extension of existing empirical models of international trade. I implement the method in services data, where available measures of trade policy provide information on the average level of regulations restricting entry into a country. The results suggest that policy barriers are important determinants of services trade flows.
A contribution of CAD/CAM treatment of a dental trauma in a special care patient
Authors: Noirrit Emmanuelle , Chabreron Olivier , Nasr Karim , Esclassan Rémi 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTAfter a dental trauma, difficulties of communication and the consequences of the complex clinical situation often make regular chairside oral care long and complicated for special needs patients. The aim of this case report is to show how CAD/CAM technology may help in the prosthetic treatment of a clinical situation by keeping the number and duration of clinical sessions to a minimum while enabling a good aesthetic and functional result to be achieved in the long term.
An exploration of factors associated with older persons’ perceptions of the benefits of and satisfaction with a preventive home visit service
Authors: Tøien Mette , Bjørk Ida Torunn , Fagerström Lisbeth 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundPreventive home visits (PHVs) are healthcare services aimed at promoting the health of home‐dwelling older people and to support their abilities to live independently. To enhance effectiveness, studies that explore older persons’ experiences of PHVs are needed.ObjectiveTo assess older persons’ perceived benefits and opinions of a PHV service and explore associations between perceived benefits from PHV and relevant sociodemographic/health‐related factors.TheoryThe study was based on a comprehensive understanding of health, as including objective health/disease, subjective health/well‐being and coping ability.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was administered during spring 2013 in a Norwegian municipality where nurses had offered annual PHVs to residents aged 75 years and older since 1999. We invited a stratified random sample of 393 PHV users to participate; of these, 161 volunteered. The main outcome variables in the questionnaire were perceived benefits from PHV. Logistic regression models were used to analyse the associations between each benefit and sociodemographic/health‐related background variables.ResultsApproximately 39% of the respondents reported that PHVs added to their feelings of safety; 66% reported support for ability to live at home; 72% reported support for having a good life, 83% were satisfied with the service, and 90% stated that PHVs are important for older people. Each benefit was associated with different sociodemographic/health‐related factors. Support for feelings of safety increased with age. More support for living at home was associated with poor physical health and not living alone. Those without children perceived more support for a good life. Satisfaction with PHV increased with increasing scores on the Life Orientation Scale. Persons with poor mental health and those not living alone more often perceived PHV as important.ConclusionsAnnual, comprehensive PHVs to a general older population may support older persons’ health and independence. Low response rate restricts the possibility to generalise the results.
Professionalized through audit? Care workers and the new audit regime in Sweden
Authors: Moberg Linda , Blomqvist Paula , Winblad Ulrika 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe professionalization of social care workers is a policy goal in many welfare states. At the same time, professionalization risks being undermined by enhanced audit. The objective of this article is to analyze whether the audit processes adopted in Swedish eldercare and childcare support or undermine the professionalization of the occupations working there, i.e., nurses, nursing assistants, preschool teachers, and preschool assistants. In particular, we investigate whether the three main forms of audit—standard‐setting, inspections, and quality measurements—support or undermine the occupations’ ability to achieve professional closure and enhance their external and internal autonomy. The findings suggest that audit processes in eldercare risk undermining professionalization, while in childcare the pattern is reversed: audit appears supportive of professionalization, at least for preschool teachers. This finding suggests that audit processes do not have to be detrimental to professionalization.
MR scanning, tattoo inks, and risk of thermal burn: An experimental study of iron oxide and organic pigments
Authors: Alsing K. K. , Johannesen H. H. , Hvass Hansen R. , Dirks M. , Olsen O. , Serup J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundTattooed persons examined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can develop burning sensation suggested in the literature to be thermal burn from the procedure. MRI‐induced thermal effect and magnetic behavior of known tattoo pigments were examined ex vivo.Materials and MethodsMagnetic resonance imaging effects on 3 commonly used commercial ink stock products marketed for cosmetic tattooing was studied. A main study tested 22 formulations based on 11 pigment raw materials, for example, one line of 11 called pastes and another called dispersions. Samples were spread in petri dishes and tested with a 0.97 T neodymium solid magnet to observe visual magnetic behavior. Before MRI, the surface temperature of the ink was measured using an infrared probe. Samples were placed in a clinical 3T scanner. Two scans were performed, that is, one in the isocenter and one 30 cm away from the center. After scanning, the surface temperature was measured again. Chemical analysis of samples was performed by mass spectroscopy.ResultsMean temperature increase measured in the isocenter ranged between 0.14 and 0.26°C (P < .01) and in the off‐center position from −0.16 to 0.21°C (P < .01). Such low increase of temperature is clinically irrelevant. Chemical analysis showed high concentrations of iron, but also nickel and chrome were found as contaminants. High concentration of iron was not associated with any increase of temperature or any physical draw or move of ink.ConclusionThe study could not confirm any clinically relevant temperature increase of tattoo pigments after MRI.
Successful management of severe red blood cell alloimmunization in pregnancy with a combination of therapeutic plasma exchange, intravenous immune globulin, and intrauterine transfusion
Authors: Nwogu Laura C. , Moise Kenneth J. , Klein Kimberly L. , Tint Hlaing , Castillo Brian , Bai Yu 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUNDAntibodies to Rhesus and Kell antigens have been associated with severe hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) necessitating intrauterine transfusion (IUT) of red blood cells (RBCs). We report a case series of five women with severe HDFN secondary to maternal RBC alloimmunization who were successfully managed with therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE), intravenous immune globulin (IVIG), and IUT.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThis is a retrospective case series of five women with severe HDFN who underwent a total of three TPE procedures during Weeks 10 to 13 of pregnancy, followed by weekly IVIG infusions. They were followed with serial middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity studies beginning at 16 weeks’ gestation to detect fetal anemia. For IUT, fetuses were administered RBC units that fully matched the maternal phenotype to D, C, E, K, Fy, Jk, and S antigen groups. The delivery outcomes and newborn information were followed.RESULTSAnti‐D and anti‐K alloantibodies were implicated in HDFN. A two‐ to fourfold dilution reduction in anti‐D and anti‐K titers was observed after TPE. IUT was initiated between 21 to 27 weeks’ gestation. The total number of IUTs for each patient ranged from four to seven. All five women delivered healthy infants at 33 to 38 weeks’ gestation.CONCLUSIONA combined regimen of TPE and IVIG early in pregnancy and IUT later in pregnancy results in successful management of severe maternal RBC alloimmunization and HDFN. IUT with fully phenotypically matched RBC units may help prevent further RBC alloimmunization in complex cases of HDFN.
Sensitivity and specificity of a new automated system for the detection of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and human immunodeficiency virus nucleic acid in blood and plasma donations
Authors: Galel Susan A. , Simon Toby L. , Williamson Phillip C. , AuBuchon James P. , Waxman Dan A. , Erickson Yasuko , Bertuzis Rasa , Duncan John R. , Malhotra Khushbeer , Vaks Jeffrey , Huynh Nancy , Pate Lisa Lee 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUNDUse of nucleic acid testing (NAT) in donor infectious disease screening improves transfusion safety. Advances in NAT technology include improvements in assay sensitivity and system automation, and real‐time viral target discrimination in multiplex assays. This article describes the sensitivity and specificity of cobas MPX, a multiplex assay for detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐1 Group M, HIV‐2 and HIV‐1 Group O RNA, HCV RNA, and HBV DNA, for use on the cobas 6800/8800 Systems.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe specificity of cobas MPX was evaluated in samples from donors of blood and source plasma in the United States. Analytic sensitivity was determined with reference standards. Infectious window periods (WPs) before NAT detectability were calculated for current donor screening assays.RESULTSThe specificity of cobas MPX was 99.946% (99.883%‐99.980%) in 11,203 blood donor samples tested individually (IDT), 100% (99.994%‐100%) in 63,012 donor samples tested in pools of 6, and 99.994% (99.988%‐99.998%) in 108,306 source plasma donations tested in pools of 96. Seven HCV NAT‐yield donations and one seronegative occult HBV infection were detected. Ninety‐five percent and 50% detection limits in plasma (IU/mL) were 25.7 and 3.8 for HIV‐1M, 7.0 and 1.3 for HCV, and 1.4 and 0.3 for HBV. The HBV WP was 1 to 4 days shorter than other donor screening assays by IDT.CONCLUSIONcobas MPX demonstrated high specificity in blood and source plasma donations tested individually and in pools. High sensitivity, in particular for HBV, shortens the WP and may enhance detection of occult HBV.
An analysis on the fate of a selection of blood products derived from cytomegalovirus‐seronegative donors at three tertiary referral hospitals in Australia
Authors: Hirani Rena , Tohidi‐Esfahani Ibrahim , Mondy Phillip , Irving David O. 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUNDSupply of cytomegalovirus (CMV)‐seronegative blood products in Australia is an ongoing challenge. Requests for CMV‐negative products are increasing with prediction that the demand will exceed supply by 2019. Clinical information evaluating how these products are being utilized by health providers within Australia is limited. This study aimed to identify indications for use of CMV‐negative blood products and gather data to support possible practice change.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSAll CMV‐negative products issued to three tertiary Australian hospitals from May 1, 2016, to May 31, 2016, were identified (n = 1219). This equated to 1044 red blood cell units and 175 platelet units. Data were collected on the fate of each unit. Information collected included the indication and urgency of transfusion, reason for discard, product age, and recipient CMV immunoglobulin G status.RESULTSOf the units issued during the audit period, 32 (2.6%) were discarded by the hospitals. Transfusion data were collected on 411 units. Of these, 136 (33.1%) were transfused to CMV‐positive recipients, in most cases for hematology indications, and 67 units (16.3%) were transfused to CMV‐negative requiring recipients. A total of 144 (35%) CMV‐negative units were selected based on their irradiation status. Other reasons for the selection of CMV‐negative units included product close to expiry (n = 134, 32.6%) or specific patient phenotype requirements (n = 31, 7.5%).CONCLUSIONIn this study, the majority of CMV‐negative blood products were not used for CMV‐negative requiring recipients. Alterations to inventory management would be advantageous to ensure continued supply for CMV‐negative requiring recipients.