bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The differences in the incidence of diabetes mellitus and prediabetes according to the type of HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitors prescribed in Korean patients
Authors: Kim Tong Min , Kim Hyunah , Jeong Yoo Jin , Baik Sun Jung , Yang So Jung , Lee Seung‐Hwan , Cho Jae‐Hyoung , Lee Hyunyong , Yim Hyeon Woo , Choi In Young , Yoon Kun‐Ho , Kim Hun‐Sung 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundVery few studies conducted in Korea have investigated the relationship between statins and the incidence of diabetes. Therefore, we analyzed the progression from normal blood glucose to prediabetes and then to diabetes mellitus (DM) according to the type, intensity, and dose of statin prescribed.MethodsData of patients who were first prescribed statins between 2009 and 2011 were extracted from electronic medical records. Patients with normal blood glucose or prediabetes were observed for 4 years after initiation of statin therapy.ResultsA total of 2890 patients were included in our study and analyzed on the basis of the first statin they were prescribed. The incidence rate of DM in patients with prediabetes was 1.72 times that of patients with normal glucose levels (odds ratio = 1.72, 95% confidence interval = 1.41‐2.10, P < .001). Regarding progression from normal blood glucose to prediabetes, the incidence rate of prediabetes was significantly lower in patients prescribed pitavastatin (odds ratio = 0.62, 95% confidence interval = 0.40‐0.96, P = .031) compared to that in patients prescribed atorvastatin. Regarding the progression from normal blood glucose or prediabetes to DM, there were no significant differences among all statins.ConclusionsLower DM incidence in patients prescribed pitavastatin appears to be primarily because of the lower rate of progression from normal blood glucose to prediabetes. These findings indicate that avoiding statins because of DM risk is unjustified and that clinicians should prescribe statins from the appropriate potency group.
Cryostratigraphy and the Sublimation Unconformity in Permafrost from an Ultraxerous Environment, University Valley, McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica
Authors: Lapalme Caitlin M. , Lacelle Denis , Pollard Wayne , Fortier Daniel , Davila Alfonso , McKay Christopher P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe cryostratigraphy of permafrost in ultraxerous environments is poorly known. In this study, icy permafrost cores from University Valley (McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica) were analysed for sediment properties, ground‐ice content, types and distribution of cryostructures, and presence of unconformities. No active layer exists in the valley, but the ice table, a sublimation unconformity, ranges from 0 to 60 cm depth. The sediments are characterised as a medium sand, which classifies them as low to non‐frost susceptible. Computed tomography (CT) scan images of the icy permafrost cores revealed composite cryostructures that included the structureless, porous visible, suspended and crustal types. These cryostructures were observed irrespective of ground‐ice origin (vapour deposited and freezing of snow meltwater), suggesting that the type and distribution of cryostructures could not be used as a proxy to infer the mode of emplacement of ground ice. Volumetric ice content derived from the CT scan images underestimated measured volumetric ice content, but approached measured excess ice content. A palaeo‐sublimation unconformity could not be detected from a change in cryostructures, but could be inferred from an increase in ice content at the maximum predicted ice table depth. This study highlights some of the unique ground‐ice processes and cryostructures in ultraxerous environments. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zinc Oxide–Porphyrin Hybrid Rhombuses: Catalytically Active Microstructures via Self‐Assembly
Authors: Düring Jasmin , Bernhardt Sarah , Gröhn Franziska 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA novel self‐assembled organic–inorganic hybrid structure consisting of zinc oxide and two oppositely charged porphyrins, showing significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity, is presented. Electrostatic self‐assembly of the cationic tetra‐(N‐methyl‐4‐pyridyl)porphyrin (TMPyP) with preformed assemblies of ZnO nanorods and the anionic tetra‐(4‐sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (TPPS) in ethanol results in porphyrin microrhombuses decorated with ZnO nanorods. The structure formation is followed spectroscopically. The shape of the microrhombuses and the number of attached ZnO nanoparticles can be tuned through the porphyrin ratio TMPyP/TPPS. An enhanced and selective catalytic activity is found, giving insight into the degradation mechanism. Due to the tool‐box principle and its versatility, the concept may have great impact in fields such as solar‐energy conversion and optoelectronics.
Westley score and clinical factors in predicting the outcome of croup in the pediatric emergency department
Authors: Yang Wen‐Chieh , Lee Jung , Chen Chun‐Yu , Chang Yu‐Jun , Wu Han‐Ping 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundWestley croup score has been generally used to assess the severity of croup. This study aimed to identify the individual factors associated with Westley score (WS) and other clinical factors in predicting the outcomes in the pediatric emergency department (PED).Population and MethodWe prospectively recruited patients with croup from the PED. The individual factors of WS, fever, age, and the length of hospital stay were analyzed to predict clinical outcomes. We calculated all the areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to determine the cutoff values of initial WS discriminating the need for admission to the wards.ResultA total of 192 patients with croup were enrolled. Cyanosis and altered consciousness were not clinically significant even in patients with severe croup, whereas retraction and air entry were the major factors in WS for predicting clinical outcomes. The initial WS had a strong correlation with the length of hospital stay (r = 0.617, P < 0.001). ROC analysis showed that patients with an initial WS <2 (sensitivity, 5%; specificity, 100%; LR+, 1.05; LR−, 0; AUC, 0.87) were discharged home while the patients with an initial WS ≥5 (sensitivity, 99%; specificity, 57%; LR+, 41.0; LR−, 0.43) were more likely to require to stay in the PED. Patients with an WS ≥6 were more likely to be admitted to the wards (sensitivity, 97%; specificity, 47%; LR+, 416.35; LR−, 0.54; AUC, 0.90)ConclusionPatients with an initial WS of 1‐2 could be safely treated at home and those with initial WS >5 required hospitalization for further treatment.
What families have in the emergency tracheostomy kits: Identifying gaps to improve patient safety
Authors: Amin Reshma , Zabih Weeda , Syed Faiza , Polyviou Joanna , Tran Tuyen , Propst Evan J. , Holler Theresa 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the contents of parent‐created emergency tracheostomy kits and identify deficiencies.MethodsThis was an observational study. Data on emergency tracheostomy kits were abstracted for 30 consecutive children who had a tracheostomy tube in situ during an outpatient clinic visit with the Division of Respiratory Medicine and/or the Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery at the Hospital for Sick Children between February 1 and October 30, 2016. A checklist of 12 essential items based on expert consensus was used to evaluate each tracheostomy kit.ResultsEmergency tracheostomy kits from all children were missing at least one item from the 12‐item checklist. Nineteen (63%) kits had three or more critical items missing. All kits had the same size tracheotomy tube. Twenty‐two (73%) kits did not have a half size smaller tracheostomy tube. Fifteen (50%) were missing a manual resuscitation bag and four (13.3%) were missing a suction machine. Children who had tracheostomy tube in situ for ≥4 years were more likely to have ≥3 missing items in their kit (43.4%) compared to those who had tracheostomy tube for <4 years (20%), (χ2 (1) = 9.85, P = 0.0017).ConclusionMaintenance of a fully stocked emergency tracheostomy kit can save a child's life. It is incumbent upon healthcare providers to ensure ongoing reassessment of knowledge and skills required to care for a child with a tracheostomy tube and to regularly review the components of a child's emergency tracheostomy kit.
The need to implement the landscape of fear within rodent pest management strategies
Authors: Krijger Inge M , Belmain Steven R , Singleton Grant R , Groot Koerkamp Peter WG , Meerburg Bastiaan G 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCurrent reactive pest management methods have serious drawbacks such as the heavy reliance on chemicals, emerging genetic rodenticide resistance and high secondary exposure risks. Rodent control needs to be based on pest species ecology and ethology to facilitate the development of ecologically based rodent management (EBRM). An important aspect of EBRM is a strong understanding of rodent pest species ecology, behaviour and spatiotemporal factors. Gaining insight into the behaviour of pest species is a key aspect of EBRM. The landscape of fear (LOF) is a mapping of the spatial variation in the foraging cost arising from the risk of predation, and reflects the levels of fear a prey species perceives at different locations within its home range. In practice, the LOF maps habitat use as a result of perceived fear, which shows where bait or traps are most likely to be encountered and used by rodents. Several studies have linked perceived predation risk of foraging animals with quitting‐harvest rates or giving‐up densities (GUDs). GUDs have been used to reflect foraging behaviour strategies of predator avoidance, but to our knowledge very few papers have directly used GUDs in relation to pest management strategies. An opportunity for rodent control strategies lies in the integration of the LOF of rodents in EBRM methodologies. Rodent management could be more efficient and effective by concentrating on those areas where rodents perceive the least levels of predation risk. © 2017 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Water management in Mesopotamia from the sixth till the first millennium B.C.
Authors: Rost Stephanie 
Published: May 2017

The organization of ancient water control and irrigation has been a matter of debate in particular with regard to the role of the state. More often than not a deeply centralized management is assumed, especially for large‐scale water control and irrigation systems, despite the lack of empirical evidence. Such assumptions are frequently based on the perception that irrigation and water control requires a massive (though often unquantified) amount of capital investment, labor, and a level of coordination and cooperation which could only be provided and enforced by a central authority. Given that most early civilizations, in particular of the Old World developed in river valleys, allegedly supported such notions of a close correlation between water management and socio‐political complexity. More recently, claims about heavy state involvement in ancient irrigation and water management has been called into question, often however without being able to provide evidence for alternative explanations. Reason being that for most relevant cases we lack the necessary empirical evidence to measure the level of state involvement in the management of water and irrigation. The major exception is Mesopotamia with its exceptionally rich archeological and textual record on ancient water control which allows for a more nuanced understanding of the actual role of ancient states in the organization of irrigation and water management. This article reviews this evidence from the sixth till the first millennium B.C. and shows that state involvement in the organization of irrigation and water control within the same environmental context varied considerably over the course of several millennia. I argue for a close correlation between the level of state involvement in irrigation and water management and the way arable land was exploited by state institutions. In addition, I argue that environmental changes at times warranted state interventions out of necessity but also to the ideological concept of rulership as the protector and provider of agricultural profusion.WIREs Water2017, 4:e1230. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1230This article is categorized under:Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of WaterScience of Water > Water and Environmental ChangeHuman Water > Water Governance
Baseline layout and design of a 0.8 GW reference wind farm in the North Sea
Authors: Bak Thomas , Graham Angus , Sapronova Alla , Florian Mihai , Dalsgaard Sørensen John , Knudsen Torben , Hou Peng , Chen Zhe 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe paper presents a model of a reference wind farm. The model considers the wind and wave climatologies for a specific site from which two different wind farm layouts are derived. These layouts are examined through the effective wake‐enhanced turbulence intensity at the hub height for a given climatology, and a simple model for the influence on capital expenditures is proposed. An electrical design is presented, the cable losses are calculated and the energy yield is determined. An operation and maintenance model is established, and the associated operating expenditure is obtained. All of the models are then summarized in terms of a levelized cost of energy using a numerical simulation tool, which allows the layouts to be compared. The data and models are freely available online for others to use and may serve as a baseline for benchmarking and allow researchers to compare and discuss their results. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance evaluation of a floating lidar buoy in nearshore conditions
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Antuñano Miguel A. , Tiana‐Alsina Jordi , Rocadenbosch Francesc 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis work provides a signal‐processing and statistical‐error analysis methodology to assess key performance indicators for a floating Doppler wind lidar. The study introduces the raw‐to‐clean data processing chain, error assessment indicators and key performance indicators, as well as two filtering methods at post‐processing level to alleviate the impact of angular motion and spatial variability of the wind flow on the performance indicators. Towards this aim, the study mainly revisits horizontal wind speed (HWS) and turbulence intensity measurements with a floating ZephIR 300 lidar buoy during a 38 day nearshore test campaign in Pont del Petroli (Barcelona). Typical day cases along with overall statistics for the whole campaign are discussed to illustrate the methodology and processing tools developed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficacy of travel management areas for reducing disturbance to mule deer during hunting seasons
Authors: Curtis Angelique M. , Du Toit Johan T. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTFor 50 years, the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, USA, has designated travel management areas (TMAs) in which certain roads are closed to motorized traffic during hunting seasons with the goal of reducing disturbance to mule deer (Odocoilius hemionus). The efficacy of TMAs has not been tested. We measured the effects of temporary road closures on mule deer locations during the 2015 hunting season in 2 TMAs in eastern Oregon. We used data collected during 1 August–31 October 2015 from female mule deer (n = 90) fitted with Global Positioning System (GPS) transmitters programmed for a 13‐hr fix interval. Euclidean distance to the nearest “closed” and “open” road was measured for each GPS location. Our results for Murderers Creek–Flagtail and Camp Creek TMAs were mixed but opposite to our predictions. Locations of deer that were nearer to open roads than closed roads were more frequent than expected for both TMAs. Mean distance from a deer location to a closed road was less than to an open road in both TMAs (85% less in Camp Creek and 21% less in Murderers Creek–Flagtail) but then in both cases, mean distance to any road (closed or open) was >2× greater inside the TMA than outside. Our results found no consistent effect of temporary demarcations of road closures in the TMAs. Management recommendations include designating a more even balance of closed and open roads for statistically improved monitoring of TMA efficacy, better enforcement of road closures during hunting seasons, and better demarcation (signage) of both closed and open roads in each TMA. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Nutritional recommendations for individuals with Flammer syndrome
Authors: Vahedian Zakieh , Fakhraie Ghasem , Bovet Jerome , Mozaffarieh Maneli 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The Flammer syndrome (FS) describes the phenotype of people with a predisposition for an altered reaction of the blood vessels to stimuli like coldness or emotional stress. The question whether such people should be treated is often discussed. On the one hand, most of these subjects are healthy; on the other hand, FS seems to predispose to certain eye diseases such as normal tension glaucoma or retinitis pigmentosa or systemic diseases such as multiple sclerosis or tinnitus. A compromise between doing nothing and a drug treatment is the adaption of nutrition. But what do we mean by healthy food consumption for subjects with FS? The adaption of nutrition depends on the health condition. Whereas patients with e.g. a metabolic syndrome should reduce their calorie intake, this can be counterproductive for subjects with FS, as most subjects with FS have already a low body mass index (BMI) and the lower the BMI the stronger the FS symptoms. Accordingly, while fasting is healthy e.g. for subjects with metabolic syndrome, fasting can even dangerously aggravate the vascular dysregulation, as it has been nicely demonstrated by the loss of retinal vascular regulation during fasting. To give another example, while reducing salt intake is recommended for subjects with systemic hypertensions, such a salt restriction can aggravate systemic hypotension and thereby indirectly also the vascular regulation in subjects with FS. This clearly demonstrates that such a preventive adaption of nutrition needs to be personalized.
Optimization of high-yielding protocol for DNA extraction from the forest rhizosphere microbes
Authors: Satyanarayana Sadam D. V. , Krishna M. S. R. , Kumar Pindi Pavan 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Soil is major reservoir for microbes and harbors a vast microbial diversity. Soil microbiota plays a pivotal role in biogeochemical cycles, bioremediation, and in health and disease states of humans, animals, and plants. It is imperative to understand the microbial signatures which are specific in such an ecosystem to unravel their potential role and impact on environment. During the recent years, exploration of soil microbial communities has been geared up with the advent of advanced sequencing technologies. Introduction of custom-made protocols and optimized procedures have enhanced the accuracy levels along with cost-effectiveness of DNA extraction. Standardization of DNA extraction method from soil microbiota has its own limitations due to different nature of soils and the complexity of ecosystems. Though a few standardized protocols are in usage, huge variations and complexities among the microbial communities frequently suggest the optimization, based on various known and unknown factors. Therefore, a set of four standardized DNA isolation protocols was comparatively analyzed with respect to our custom-made protocol owing to the scientific fact that the same protocol does not hold good for all soil samples. Furthermore, the developed protocol has been successfully applied for the identification of efficient plant-specific Rhizobial stains for five legume plants from the soils of various locations under same geographical region. Out of 40 Badrachalam forest soils, five samples, KPFS36, CHFS17, TPFS33, GVFS06, and GPFS40, one for each of Arachis hypogaea, Vigna radiata, Vigna mungo, Glycine max, and Cicer arietinum plants, were selected, respectively, for the soil DNA extraction. A considerable improvement in the DNA yield was identified using the modified protocol with a yield of 21.08 μg/g providing abundant DNA fragments for further investigation on Rhizobial species.
Resilience in the face of peer victimisation and discrimination: The who, when and why in five patterns of adjustment
Authors: Freitas Daniela Fonseca , Coimbra Susana , Marturano Edna Maria , Marques Susana C. , Oliveira José Egídio , Fontaine Anne Marie 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTVictimisation has a negative effect on psychosocial functioning. Based on the resilience theory, and with a sample of 2975 Portuguese students, the present study aims to: i) identify patterns of adjustment in the face of peer victimisation and perceptions of discrimination; ii) explore the association between the patterns of adjustment and the characteristics of participants (the who) and of the victimisation (the when and why). Cluster analysis revealed five patterns of adjustment: Unchallenged; Externally Maladjusted; Internally Maladjusted; Resilient, and At‐Risk. The results suggest that there is no complete resilience in the face of social victimisation. Group differences were found regarding: i) gender, type of course, sexual orientation, ethnicity, nationality, parental educational level and religious beliefs; ii) the age at which peer victimisation was more frequent, and; iii) the motives underlying discrimination. Globally considered, peer victimisation is representative of the wider cultural environment and interventions should also target social prejudices.
The influence of father involvement in adolescents' overall development in Taiwan
Authors: Su Li Ping , Kubricht Bryan , Miller Richard 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTWestern Studies show that father involvement is predictive of adolescent development; however, there are few studies that demonstrate this relationship in Chinese cultures, including Taiwan. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of father involvement on adolescents' development in areas of academic achievement, self‐esteem, internalizing, and externalizing behaviors in Taiwan. This study utilized dyadic data of 1043 10th graders from wave 5 of a longitudinal study on adolescent development in Taiwan. The study utilized student reports of father involvement, child academic achievement, externalizing behaviors, internalizing behaviors, and self‐esteem. Structural equation modeling results indicate father involvement significantly predicts child academic achievement, externalizing behaviors, internalizing behaviors, and self‐esteem. Gender analysis shows that male adolescents exhibited more externalizing behaviors, whereas female adolescents exhibited more internalizing behaviors. The findings of this study provide evidence that father involvement is important for the overall wellbeing of adolescents in Chinese cultures.
The mediating role of social skills and sensation seeking in the relationship between trait emotional intelligence and school adjustment in adolescents
Authors: Nikooyeh Elika , Zarani Fariba , Fathabadi Jalil 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTDrawing upon a sample of 400 female high school students in Tehran, Iran, the present study examines the mediating role of social skills and sensation seeking in the relationship between trait emotional intelligence and school adjustment in adolescent girls. Statistical analysis revealed positive correlations between trait emotional intelligence and school adjustment; trait emotional intelligence and social skills; and social skills and school adjustment. The study also revealed a negative correlation between trait emotional intelligence and sensation seeking, as well as sensation seeking and school adjustment. In addition, the data provided a good fit to the hypothesized model of the mediating role of social skills and sensation seeking in the relationship between trait emotional intelligence and school adjustment.