bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SPECTRAL AND TEMPORAL PROPERTIES OF THE ULTRA-LUMINOUS X-RAY PULSAR IN M82 FROM 15 YEARS OF CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS AND ANALYSIS OF THE PULSED EMISSION USING NuSTAR
Authors: Brightman Murray , Harrison Fiona , Walton Dominic J. , Fuerst Felix , Hornschemeier Ann , Zezas Andreas , Bachetti Matteo , Grefenstette Brian , Ptak Andrew , Tendulkar Shriharsh , Yukita Mihoko 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
The recent discovery by Bachetti et al. of a pulsar in M82 that can reach luminosities of up to 1040 erg s−1, a factor of ∼100 times the Eddington luminosity for a 1.4 M
⊙ compact object, poses a challenge for accretion physics. In order to better understand the nature of this source and its duty cycle, and in light of several physical models that have been subsequently published, we conduct a spectral and temporal analysis of the 0.5–8 keV X-ray emission from this source from 15 years of Chandra observations. We analyze 19 ACIS observations where the point-spread function (PSF) of the pulsar is not contaminated by nearby sources. We fit the Chandra spectra of the pulsar with a power-law model and a disk blackbody model, subjected to interstellar absorption in M82. We carefully assess for the effect of pile-up in our observations, where four observations have a pile-up fraction of >10%, which we account for during spectral modeling with a convolution model. When fitted with a power-law model, the average photon index when the source is at high luminosity (L
X > 1039 erg s−1) is Γ = 1.33 ± 0.15. For the disk blackbody model, the average temperature is T
in = 3.24 ± 0.65 keV, the spectral shape being consistent with other luminous X-ray pulsars. We also investigated the inclusion of a soft excess component and spectral break, finding that the spectra are also consistent with these features common to luminous X-ray pulsars. In addition, we present spectral analysis from NuSTAR over the 3–50 keV range where we have isolated the pulsed component. We find that the pulsed emission in this band is best fit by a power-law with a high-energy cutoff, where Γ = 0.6 ± 0.3 and

keV. While the pulsar has previously been identified as a transient, we find from our longer-baseline study that it has been remarkably active over the 15-year period, where for 9/19 (47%) observations that we analyzed, the pulsar appears to be emitting at a luminosity in excess of 1039 erg s−1, greater than 10 times its Eddington limit.
JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE CAN DETECT KILONOVAE IN GRAVITATIONAL WAVE FOLLOW-UP SEARCH
Authors: Bartos I. , Huard T. L. , Márka S. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
Kilonovae represent an important electromagnetic counterpart for compact binary mergers, which could become the most commonly detected gravitational-wave (GW) source. Follow-up observations of kilonovae, triggered by GW events, are nevertheless difficult due to poor localization by GW detectors and due to their faint near-infrared peak emission, which has limited observational capability. We show that the Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) on the James Webb Space Telescope will be able to detect kilonovae within the relevant GW-detection range of ∼200 Mpc in short (≲12-s) exposure times for a week following the merger. Despite this sensitivity, a kilonova search fully covering a fiducial localized area of 10 deg2 will not be viable with NIRCam due to its limited field of view. However, targeted surveys may be developed to optimize the likelihood of discovering kilonovae efficiently within limited observing time. We estimate that a survey of 10 deg2 focused on galaxies within 200 Mpc would require about 13 hr, dominated by overhead times; a survey further focused on galaxies exhibiting high star formation rates would require ∼5 hr. The characteristic time may be reduced to as little as ∼4 hr, without compromising the likelihood of detecting kilonovae, by surveying sky areas associated with 50%, rather than 90%, confidence regions of 3 GW events, rather than a single event. Upon the detection and identification of a kilonova, a limited number of NIRCam follow-up observations could constrain the properties of matter ejected by the binary and the equation of state of dense nuclear matter.
A STUDY OF RADIO POLARIZATION IN PROTOSTELLAR JETS
Authors: Cécere Mariana , Velázquez Pablo F. , Araudo Anabella T. , De Colle Fabio , Esquivel Alejandro , Carrasco-González Carlos , Rodríguez Luis F. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
Synchrotron radiation is commonly observed in connection with shocks of different velocities, ranging from relativistic shocks associated with active galactic nuclei, gamma-ray bursts, or microquasars, to weakly or non-relativistic flows such as those observed in supernova remnants. Recent observations of synchrotron emission in protostellar jets are important not only because they extend the range over which the acceleration process works, but also because they allow us to determine the jet and/or interstellar magnetic field structure, thus giving insights into the jet ejection and collimation mechanisms. In this paper, we compute for the first time polarized (synchrotron) and non-polarized (thermal X-ray) synthetic emission maps from axisymmetrical simulations of magnetized protostellar jets. We consider models with different jet velocities and variability, as well as a toroidal or helical magnetic field. Our simulations show that variable, low-density jets with velocities of ∼1000 km s−1 and ∼10 times lighter than the environment can produce internal knots with significant synchrotron emission and thermal X-rays in the shocked region of the leading bow shock moving in a dense medium. While models with a purely toroidal magnetic field show a very large degree of polarization, models with a helical magnetic field show lower values and a decrease of the degree of polarization, in agreement with observations of protostellar jets.
Tenofovir/Emtricitabine Metabolites and Endogenous Nucleotide Exposures are associated with p16INK4a Expression in Subjects on Combination Therapy
Authors: Dumond Julie B , Francis Owen , Cottrell Mackenzie , Trezza Christine , Prince Heather MA , Mollan Katie , Sykes Craig , Torrice Chad , White Nicole , Malone Stephanie , Wang Ruili , Van Dam Cornelius , Patterson Kristine B , Hudgens Michael G , Sharpless Norman E , Forrest Alan 
Published: January 2016

Background HIV may amplify immunological, physiological and functional changes of ageing. We determined associations of frailty phenotype, a T-cell senescence marker (p16INK4a expression), age and demographics with exposures of the intracellular metabolites (IM) and endogenous nucleotides (EN) of tenofovir/emtricitabine (TFV/FTC), efavirenz (EFV), atazanavir (ATV) and ritonavir (RTV). Methods Plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples for drug, IM and EN concentrations were collected at four time points in HIV+ adults receiving TFV/FTC with EFV or ATV/RTV. Subjects underwent frailty phenotyping and p16INK4a expression analysis. Non-compartmental analysis generated an area under the curve (AUC) for each analyte. Spearman rank correlation and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to assess associations between AUC, demographics and ageing markers, adjusting for multiple comparisons with the Holm procedure. Results Subjects ( n=79) ranged in age from 22–73 years (median 48 years); 48 were African-American, 24 were female, 54 received EFV. Three subjects (range 51–60 years) demonstrated frailty, with 17 subjects (range 26–60 years) demonstrating pre-frailty. Negative associations were observed between p16INK4a expression and each of FTC-triphosphate (r=-0.45), deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP; r=-0.47) and deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP; r=-0.57) AUCs ( P-values ≤0.02). TFV and FTC AUCs were larger among subjects with lower renal function or higher chronological age ( P-values ≤0.05). No associations were observed for EFV, ATV or RTV AUCs. Conclusions Associations of IM/EN exposure and p16INK4a expression observed here suggest that senescence may alter drug phosphorylation, metabolism or transport. This finding warrants further mechanistic study to ensure optimal treatment in the ageing HIV+ population. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01180075.
L’insertion professionnelle des diplômés de l’enseignement supérieur Culture
Authors: Darras Anne 
Published: January 2016

L’enseignement supérieur relevant du ministère de la Culture et de la Communication compte une centaine d’établissements dispensant des formations dans les domaines de l’architecture, de l’art, du spectacle, du patrimoine et du cinéma. Ces établissements supérieurs délivrent 44 diplômes de fin de cycle. Parmi les 5 500 étudiants sortants qui ont obtenu l’un de ces diplômes en 2011, l’enquête concerne ceux qui sont entrés dans la vie active. En 2014, trois ans après leur entrée sur le marché du travail, ils sont 86 % à travailler et huit diplômés sur dix exercent une activité dans le champ de leur diplôme. Le taux d’insertion diffère toutefois selon les filières : si 94 % des diplômés du spectacle sont actifs, ils sont 85 % dans le secteur de l’architecture et 82 % pour les diplômés des arts plastiques. De même, les conditions d’emploi ne sont pas identiques selon les filières. Trois ans après l’obtention de leur diplôme, les jeunes architectes exercent des emplois stables (71 % des actifs sont salariés), bien rémunérés (en moyenne 23 900 euros net annuels en 2014) et centrés sur leur cœur de métier. Les diplômés des arts plastiques, en revanche, ont des formes d’emploi plus précaires. Ils sont un sur deux à être salarié dont près de la moitié (46 %) sous contrat à durée déterminée. Les diplômés de la filière design et graphisme, les mieux rémunérés, perçoivent en moyenne 20 000 euros annuels nets en 2014, tandis que les diplômés en option art déclarent des revenus beaucoup plus faibles (12 000 euros annuels en moyenne). Dans le spectacle vivant, les conditions d’emploi varient d’une discipline à l’autre : si les diplômés de la filière musicale sont très majoritairement salariés du secteur public (69 %) et ne comptent que 16 % de bénéficiaires du régime de l’intermittence, ils sont 88 % à bénéficier de ce régime spécifique de protection sociale parmi les diplômés des arts du théâtre, du cirque et des marionnettes. Dans la filière du spectacle, les rémunérations moyennes sont plus faibles (17 200 euros nets annuels). Enfin, quelles que soient la filière de formation et l’activité exercée trois ans après l’obtention du diplôme, les diplômés de l’enseignement supérieur Culture sont 86 % à s’épanouir dans leur activité professionnelle.
Restructurations, gestion de l’emploi et droit du travail : analyse institutionnelle et statistique
Authors: Signoretto Camille 
Published: January 2016

La connaissance statistique sur les restructurations et leur mise en œuvre reste complexe. Pour les appréhender, le présent article propose une analyse institutionnelle et statistique des pratiques des entreprises en matière de gestion des salariés impliqués dans des restructurations accompagnées de suppressions d’emplois. Il montre que les employeurs se saisissent d’une multitude de modes juridiques de rupture, au-delà du seul licenciement pour motif économique. Ces types de départs se sont développés progressivement depuis les années 1960, d’abord sous l’impulsion principale des pouvoirs publics. Ils intègrent de plus en plus une forme juridique d’adhésion du salarié à la rupture de son contrat de travail et principalement à ses modalités d’accompagnement. Cela tend finalement à « pacifier » les restructurations, dans la mesure où la contestation sociale et judiciaire autour d’elles peut être atténuée.
Modes d’ajustement par le travail en temps de crise : des relations professionnelles sous tension
Authors: Perez Coralie , Thévenot Nadine , Berta Nathalie , Brochard Delphine , Delahaie Noélie , Jallais Sophie , Perraudin Corinne , Sauviat Catherine , Valentin Julie 
Published: January 2016

Cet article a pour objet de mettre au jour les processus d’ajustement des établissements face à la crise, les caractériser et, conjointement, analyser la manière dont ils ont été discutés, négociés ou au contraire imposés par les directions. Sur le plan méthodologique, il s’appuie sur 15 monographies d’établissements réalisées dans le cadre des post-enquêtes à l’enquête Relations professionnelles et négociations d’entreprises (REPONSE) 2010-2011. Il montre que les établissements ne subissent pas une crise mais des crises : la dégradation de la conjoncture économique n’est pas la seule cause aux ajustements observés, même si elle peut servir de justification. Il rend également compte de la pluralité des ajustements, de leur séquençage et de leur polarisation. Entre négociation défensive et concession, la crise apparaît comme un contexte propice à imposer des compromis aux salariés.
Dialoguer plus, mais sur quoi ? Les régulations d’entreprise en matière d’emploi, de formation et de conditions de travail en temps de crise
Authors: Béthoux Élodie , Mias Arnaud , Blache Guillaume , Dupuy Camille , Jobert Annette , Renoux Jean-Louis , Spieser Catherine , Tallard Michèle , Vincent Catherine 
Published: January 2016

À partir des données des enquêtes « Relations professionnelles et négociations d’entreprise » (REPONSE) 2004-2005 et 2010-2011 et d’enquêtes monographiques réalisées dans quinze établissements français aux relations sociales contrastées, cet article part du constat, à première vue paradoxal dans un contexte de crise, d’une intensification du dialogue social au niveau de l’entreprise. Interrogeant le sens et la portée de cette intensification, en partie liée aux développements de la « négociation administrée », il analyse les recompositions actuelles des régulations de la relation d’emploi. Nous montrons ainsi comment la difficulté accrue à mettre en débat les questions d’emploi observée face à la crise conduit à un repositionnement partiel et à un investissement croissant autour des enjeux de conditions de travail, qui contraste avec une implication routinière mais rarement stratégique sur la formation.
Diagnostic Model of the Marine Propulsion System
Authors: Kluczyk Marcin , Grządziela Andrzej , Batur Tomislav 
Published: January 2016

Naval propulsion systems are characterized by a high degree of complexity within a single system and a large variation between the solutions applied to individual vessels. In this situation, issues relating to the comprehensive diagnostic is a serious problem. Diagnostics models are useful to made the this problem easier. It should be emphasized that it is impossible to develop a universal model correct for all types of vessels. The paper presents general guidelines for the creation of diagnostic models. The results of first stage of studies on diagnostic model covers unit equipped with a twin-engine twin-shaft drive system had been presented.Introduction	Changes of technical state of the machine occur as a result of its response to changes in the energy emitted by them. If qualitative and quantitative parameters of this energy are known diagnostician after proper analysis is able to determine the technical condition of the machine. It can be concluded that the technical diagnostics is a test of object response to the impact of energy causing change of its technical condition [9]. As far as the destruction of the object model is concerned we find that the degree of wear of the machine is proportional to the energy dissipated from it.
Human Host Defense Cathelicidin Peptide LL-37 Enhances the Lipopolysaccharide Uptake by Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells without Cell Activation
Authors: Suzuki Kaori , Murakami Taisuke , Hu Zhongshuang , Tamura Hiroshi , Kuwahara-Arai Kyoko , Iba Toshiaki , Nagaoka Isao 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The liver is a major organ that removes waste substances from the blood, and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are professional scavenger cells, which incorporate and degrade various endogenous and exogenous molecules including pathogenic factor LPS. Mammalian cells express a number of peptide antibiotics that function as effectors in the innate host defense systems. LL-37, a human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, has a potent LPS-neutralizing activity and exhibits protective actions on various infection models. However, the effect of LL-37 on the LPS clearance has not been clarified. In this study, to further understand the host-protective mechanism of LL-37, we evaluated the effect of LL-37 on the LPS clearance in vitro. LL-37 enhanced the LPS uptake by human LSECs. Of interest, LL-37 was similarly incorporated into LSECs both in the presence and the absence of LPS, and the incorporated LPS and LL-37 were colocalized in LSECs. Importantly, the uptake of LPS and LL-37 was inhibited by endocytosis inhibitors, heparan sulfate proteoglycan analogs, and glycosaminoglycan lyase treatment of the cells. Moreover, the uptake of LL-37-LPS did not activate TLR4 signaling in both MyD88-dependent and -independent pathways. In addition, the incorporated LL-37-LPS was likely transported to the lysosomes in LSECs. Together these observations suggest that LL-37 enhances the LPS uptake by LSECs via endocytosis through the complex formation with LPS and the interaction with cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans, thereby facilitating the intracellular incorporation and degradation of LPS without cell activation. In this article, we propose a novel function of LL-37 in enhancing LPS clearance.
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/neu overexpression in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and its prognostic significance: Is it worth hype?
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Prajapati Omprakash , Vaiphei Kim , Parmar Kalpesh Mahesh , Sriharsha A. S. , Singh S.K 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Aims: In urothelial tumors of the urinary bladder, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2)/neu expression has been reported over 10 years, but there is no clear correlation between prognosis and recurrence rate. The present study evaluates prognostic implication of HER-2/neu expression. Subjects and Methods: In this study, 100 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens of primary transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder were processed. HER-2/neu monoclonal antibody immunohistochemistry staining procedure used for the study. Results: A total of 70 (70%) patients were positive for overexpression of HER-2/neu. HER-2/neu was positive in patients with 42 (70%) superficial tumor, 28 (70%) muscle invasive tumor, 41 (75.9%) high-grade tumor, 29 (63%) low grade tumor, 31 (68.9%) recurrent tumor, and 6 (66.6%) had positive lymph nodes. Conclusions: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/neu over expression was not correlated with the tumor stage, lymphnode metastasis or recurrence of the disease. HER-2/neu overexpression was statistically insignificantly correlated with the differentiation grade (P < 0.161) as compared to previous studies. Future studies on HER-2 expression with chemo-sensitivity and efficacy of HER-2-targeted therapies in urothelial carcinomas is needed.
Fertility preservation in young patients with cancer
Authors: Suhag Virender , Sunita B. S. , Sarin Arti , Singh A. K. , S. Dashottar 
Published: January 2016

AbstractInfertility can arise as a consequence of treatment of oncological conditions. The parallel and continued improvement in both the management of oncology and fertility cases in recent times has brought to the forefront the potential for fertility preservation in patients being treated for cancer. Many survivors will maintain their reproductive potential after the successful completion of treatment for cancer. However total body irradiation, radiation to the gonads, and certain high dose chemotherapy regimens can place women at risk for acute ovarian failure or premature menopause and men at risk for temporary or permanent azoospermia. Providing information about risk of infertility and possible interventions to maintain reproductive potential are critical for the adolescent and young adult population at the time of diagnosis. There are established means of preserving fertility before cancer treatment; specifically, sperm cryopreservation for men and in vitro fertilization and embryo cryopreservation for women. Several innovative techniques are being actively investigated, including oocyte and ovarian follicle cryopreservation, ovarian tissue transplantation, and in vitro follicle maturation, which may expand the number of fertility preservation choices for young cancer patients. Fertility preservation may also require some modification of cancer therapy; thus, patients’ wishes regarding future fertility and available fertility preservation alternatives should be discussed before initiation of therapy.
Determining Barriers and Facilitators Associated With Willingness to Use a Personal Health Information Management System to Support Worksite Wellness Programs
Authors: Neyens David M. , Childers Ashley Kay 
Published: January 2016

Purpose. To determine the barriers and facilitators associated with willingness to use personal health information management (PHIM) systems to support an existing worksite wellness program (WWP). Design. The study design involved a Web-based survey. Setting. The study setting was a regional hospital. Subjects. Hospital employees comprised the study subjects. Measures. Willingness, barriers, and facilitators associated with PHIM were measured. Analysis. Bivariate logit models were used to model two binary dependent variables. One model predicted the likelihood of believing PHIM systems would positively affect overall health and willingness to use. Another predicted the likelihood of worrying about online security and not believing PHIM systems would benefit health goals. Results. Based on 333 responses, believing PHIM systems would positively affect health was highly associated with willingness to use PHIM systems (p < .01). Those comfortable online were 7.22 times more willing to use PHIM systems. Participants in exercise-based components of WWPs were 3.03 times more likely to be willing to use PHIM systems. Those who worried about online security were 5.03 times more likely to believe PHIM systems would not help obtain health goals. Conclusions. Comfort with personal health information online and exercise-based WWP experience was associated with willingness to use PHIM systems. However, nutrition-based WWPs did not have similar effects. Implementation barriers relate to technology anxiety and trust in security, as well as experience with specific WWP activities. Identifying differences between WWP components and addressing technology concerns before implementation of PHIM systems into WWPs may facilitate improved adoption and usage.