bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Development of Radical/Palladium Relay Catalysis for C–H Carbonylation
Authors: Huang Hanmin , Ding Yongzheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe radical/palladium relay catalysis for C–H bond carbonylation is an attractive research topic in synthetic chemistry. It can rapidly prepare carbonylated molecules for synthetic or pharmaceutical applications from highly sought-after feedstocks, such as alkylarenes, alkanes, alkenes, or ethers. The main objective of this Synpacts article is to summarize the development of this research area, mainly focusing on radical/palladium relay catalysis for the carbonylation of single and double C–H bonds.1	Introduction2	Radical/Palladium Relay Catalysis for Single C–H Bond Carbonylation Reaction3	Radical/Palladium Relay Catalysis for Double C–H Bond Carbonylation Reaction4	Conclusions
Charcot's Russian pupils
Authors: Teive Hélio Afonso Ghizoni , Coutinho Léo , Camargo Carlos Henrique Ferreira 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe establishment of Russian neurology in the late 19th century was significantly shaped by the neurology department at La Salpêtrière Hospital under Professor Jean-Martin Charcot's leadership. A group of Russian neurologists, guided by Professor Kozhevnikov and featuring his disciples such as Korsakov, Minor, Darkshevich, and Bekhterev, had the privilege of being mentored by Professor Charcot. Subsequently, they played pivotal roles in founding various neurology services in Russia, greatly influenced by the teachings and insights they acquired under Charcot's tutelage.
Welfare concerns of farm-based therapy and education: People and Animals UK CIC
Authors: Bristow Katie , Milsom Julie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Can humans engage with farm animals in a way that maintains, perhaps enhances, the welfare of farm animals? Can communities learn to engage with farm animals in a manner similar to that of companion animals? Is it even fair to ask about farm animals? We hope to offer a contribution to this discussion, using a case study from People and Animals UK CIC to explore the impact of farm animals on people and their communities, but with a focus on how farm design and session delivery might impact the animal within the dynamic.
Cryogenic Digital Image Correlation as a Probe of Strain in Iron-Based Superconductors
Authors: Mo 莫 Ziye 子夜 , Li 李 Chunyi 春熠 , Zhang 张 Wenting 文婷 , Liu 刘 Chang 畅 , Sun 孙 Yongxin 永欣 , Liu 刘 Ruixian 瑞鲜 , Lu 鲁 Xingye 兴业 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Uniaxial strain is a powerful tuning parameter that can control symmetry and anisotropic electronic properties in iron-based superconductors. However, accurately characterizing anisotropic strain can be challenging and complex. Here, we utilize a cryogenic optical system equipped with a high-spatial-resolution microscope to characterize surface strains in iron-based superconductors using the digital image correlation method. Compared with other methods such as high-resolution x-ray diffraction, strain gauge, and capacitive sensor, digital image correlation offers a non-contact full-field measurement approach, acting as an optical virtual strain gauge that provides high spatial resolution. The results measured on detwinned BaFe2As2 are quantitatively consistent with the distortion measured by x-ray diffraction and neutron Larmor diffraction. These findings highlight the potential of cryogenic digital image correlation as an effective and accessible tool for probing the isotropic and anisotropic strains, facilitating applications of uniaxial strain tuning in research of quantum materials.
Centimeter-Scale Above-Room-Temperature Ferromagnetic Fe3GaTe2 Thin Films by Molecular Beam Epitaxy
Authors: Wang 王 Taikun 太坤 , Xu 徐 Yongkang 永康 , Liu 刘 Yu 宇 , Dai 代 Xingze 兴泽 , Yan 闫 Pengfei 鹏飞 , Wang 王 Jin 瑾 , Wang 王 Shuanghai 双海 , Deng 邓 Yafeng 亚丰 , He 何 Kun 坤 , Li 李 Caitao 彩涛 , Wang 王 Ziang 子昂 , Zou 邹 Wenqin 文琴 , Wen 温 Rongji 荣吉 , Hao 郝 Yufeng 玉峰 , He 何 Liang 亮 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Fe3GaTe2, as a layered ferromagnetic material, has a Curie temperature (T
c) higher than room temperature, making it the key material in next-generation spintronic devices. To be used in practical devices, large-sized high-quality Fe3GaTe2 thin films need to be prepared. Here, the centimeter-scale thin film samples with high crystal quality and above-room-temperature ferromagnetism with strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy were prepared by molecular beam epitaxy technology. Furthermore, the T
c of the samples raises as the film thickness increases, and reaches 367 K when the film thickness is 60 nm. This study provides material foundations for the new generation of van der Waals spintronic devices and paves the way for the commercial application of Fe3GaTe2.
Strong field-induced quantum dynamics in atoms and small molecules
Authors: Eckart S 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
High-intensity laser fields can ionize atoms and molecules and also initiate molecular dissociation. This review is on the recent progress made using experiments that harness the potential of cold-target recoil-ion momentum spectroscopy and femtosecond laser pulses with tailored intense fields. The possibility to image the molecular structure and the orientation of small molecules via the detection of the momenta of the ions is illustrated. The process of non-adiabatic tunnel ionization is analyzed in detail focusing on the properties of the electronic wave packet at the tunnel exit. It is reviewed how the electron gains angular momentum and energy during tunneling in circularly polarized light. The electron is a quantum object with an amplitude and a phase. Most experiments in strong field ionization focus on the absolute square of the electronic wave function. The technique of holographic angular streaking of electrons enables the retrieval of Wigner time delays in strong field ionization, which is a property of the electronic wave function’s phase in momentum space. The relationship between the phase in momentum space and the amplitudes in position space enables access to information about the electron’s position at the tunnel exit. Finally, recent experiments studying entanglement in strong field ionization are discussed.
MRNet: rolling bearing fault diagnosis in noisy environment based on multi-scale residual convolutional network
Authors: Deng Linfeng , Zhao Cheng , Wang Xiaoqiang , Wang Guojun , Qiu Ruiyu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Vibration signal collection of rolling bearings in the complex working environment often suffers from significant noise interference, rendering traditional fault diagnosis methods ineffective. To address this challenge, we propose a multi-scale residual convolutional network (MRNet) for diagnosing rolling bearing faults in noisy environments. The MRNet model features multiple convolution branches, each of which utilizes kernels with different sizes to capture fault information at different scales, so this multi-scale framework excels at extracting both local and global information from raw fault vibration signals, enhancing fault recognition accuracy. Additionally, we introduce residual blocks to maintain global information during the convolution operations, preventing useful feature information loss. To further improve global feature extraction capability of the network model, a lightweight Transformer module is developed and incorporated, compensating for some global information that the network’s front-end might fail to capture. The effectiveness of MRNet is validated by using two publicly available rolling bearing fault datasets and our own experiment dataset. The verification results indicate that MRNet outperforms other comparative models, particularly for complex fault diagnosis in noisy environments.
High-efficiency surface defect detection based on laser ultrasonic state space embedding and compressive sensing
Authors: Du Kanjie , Lan Longhui , Ni Na , Xie Guangping 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The laser nonlinear wave modulation spectroscopy(LNWMS) technique has gained considerable attention due to its high sensitivity in detecting small surface defects and its ultra-fast scanning speed. This paper proposes a novel method for synthesizing intact wavefield reference, significantly enhancing the accuracy of surface defect imaging. Moreover, considering the potential for parallel processing of the nonlinearity calculation of ultrasonic signals at scanning points, we incorporate compressive sensing technology to accelerate this process. This innovative approach reduces the computational load to 10% of the original, thereby substantially increasing the imaging speed. The paper validates the method’s superior accuracy and efficiency in defect detection through conducting experiments using a high-speed laser ultrasonic scanning system on aluminum plates and turbine blade, and by comparing with local wavenumber estimation, demonstrating the promising potential of this technology for surface defect analysis.
Quantum-assisted rendezvous on graphs: explicit algorithms and quantum computer simulations
Authors: Tucker J , Strange P , Mironowicz P , Quintanilla J 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We study quantum advantage in one-step rendezvous games on simple graphs analytically, numerically, and using noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) processors. Our protocols realise the recently discovered (Mironowicz 2023 New J. Phys.
25 013023) optimal bounds for small cycle graphs and cubic graphs. In the case of cycle graphs, we generalise the protocols to arbitrary graph size. The NISQ processor experiments realise the expected quantum advantage with high accuracy for rendezvous on the complete graph K
3. In contrast, for the graph

2

K
4

, formed by two disconnected 4-vertex complete graphs, the performance of the NISQ hardware is sub-classical, consistent with the deeper circuit and known qubit decoherence and gate error rates.
Enhancing photocatalytic activity via formation of heterojunctions introduced through postmetalation of metal organic frameworks with silver ions
Authors: Gupta Himanshi , Saini Isha , Singh Vinamrita , Singh Varsha , Mishra Bikash 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The postmetalation of silver in zinc and manganese-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) represents a versatile and efficient approach for enhancing the degradation of methylene blue (MB) pollutant in aqueous environment. In the present study, zinc, manganese, and their bimetallic MOFs are synthesized using the solvothermal method. Subsequently, silver ions are incorporated into the synthesized MOFs. A suite of characterization techniques is employed to analyze the resulting material. Among the three silver loaded MOFs, Ag-mixed bimetallic MOF (Ag-BM) exhibits the least band gap of 2.28 eV, possessing a greater propensity for light absorption. The particle size of Ag-BM lies in the nanometer range, and it possesses the largest surface area. X-ray diffraction depicts the successful integration of Ag into MOF structure. The synthesized samples are used for degrading MB. Ag-BM outperforms the other MOFs in decomposing MB, with a degradation percentage of 91.8% in 120 min. The degradation process follows the first-order kinetics depicting that the rate of degradation positively correlates with the dye concentration remaining in the solution. Employing a reactive species quenching experiment with scavengers, hydroxyl radicals were identified as the principal active species responsible for MB degradation by Ag-BM.
Information disturbance tradeoff in bidirectional QKD
Authors: Abdul Salam Nur Rahimah Sakinah , Shamsul Shaari Jesni , Mancini Stefano 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Making use of the Quantum Network formalism of Phys. Rev. A, 82 (2010) 062 305, we present the case for quantum networks with finite outcomes, more specifically one which could distinguish only between specific unitary operators in a given basis for operators. Despite its simplicity, we proceed to build a network derived from the optimal strategy in Phys. Rev. A, 82 (2010) 062 305 and show that the information-disturbance tradeoff in distinguishing between two operators acting on qubits, selected from mutually unbiased unitary bases is equal to the case of estimating an operator selected randomly from the set of SU(2) based on the Haar measure. This suggests that such strategies in distinguishing between mutually unbiased operators is not any easier than estimating an operator derived from an infinite set. We then show how this network can be used as a natural attack strategy against a bidirectional quantum cryptographic protocol.
Spin/valley dependent dwell time in an 8-Pmmn borophene junction
Authors: Sattari Farhad , Mirershadi Soghra 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Spin/valley dependent dwell time in 8-Pmmn borophene junction under Rashba spin–orbit interaction (RSOI) is studied. The dwell time as well as transmission probability for incident electrons with spin-up show a different behavior than the incident electrons with spin-down, and these quantities can be controlled effectively by the junction direction, incident angle, the RSOI strength and the barrier width. Also, the dwell time is dependent on the degree of freedom of the valley and shows oscillating behavior with the increase of the barrier width. The spin polarization and spin filtering in 8-Pmmn borophene junction under RSOI can be obtained in the time domain.
Quantum state estimation based on deep learning
Authors: Xiao 肖 Haowen 皓文 , Han 韩 Zhiguang 枝光 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We used deep learning techniques to construct various models for reconstructing quantum states from a given set of coincidence measurements. Through simulations, we have demonstrated that our approach generates functionally equivalent reconstructed states for a wide range of pure and mixed input states. Compared with traditional methods, our system offers the advantage of faster speed. Additionally, by training our system with measurement results containing simulated noise sources, the system shows a significant improvement in average fidelity compared with typical reconstruction methods. We also found that constraining the variational manifold to physical states, i.e., positive semi-definite density matrices, greatly enhances the quality of the reconstructed states in the presence of experimental imperfections and noise. Finally, we validated the correctness and superiority of our model by using data generated on IBM Quantum Platform, a real quantum computer.
DOCTer: a novel EEG-based diagnosis framework for disorders of consciousness
Authors: Zhao Sha , Cao Yue , Yang Wei , Yu Jie , Xu Chuan , Dai Wei , Li Shijian , Pan Gang , Luo Benyan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective. Accurately diagnosing patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) is challenging and prone to errors. Recent studies have demonstrated that EEG (electroencephalography), a non-invasive technique of recording the spontaneous electrical activity of brains, offers valuable insights for DOC diagnosis. However, some challenges remain: (1) the EEG signals have not been fully used; and (2) the data scale in most existing studies is limited. In this study, our goal is to differentiate between minimally conscious state (MCS) and unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) using resting-state EEG signals, by proposing a new deep learning framework. Approach. We propose DOCTer, an end-to-end framework for DOC diagnosis based on EEG. It extracts multiple pertinent features from the raw EEG signals, including time-frequency features and microstates. Meanwhile, it takes clinical characteristics of patients into account, and then combines all the features together for the diagnosis. To evaluate its effectiveness, we collect a large-scale dataset containing 409 resting-state EEG recordings from 128 UWS and 187 MCS cases. Main results. Evaluated on our dataset, DOCTer achieves the state-of-the-art performance, compared to other methods. The temporal/spectral features contributes the most to the diagnosis task. The cerebral integrity is important for detecting the consciousness level. Meanwhile, we investigate the influence of different EEG collection duration and number of channels, in order to help make the appropriate choices for clinics. Significance. The DOCTer framework significantly improves the accuracy of DOC diagnosis, helpful for developing appropriate treatment programs. Findings derived from the large-scale dataset provide valuable insights for clinics.
Interannual ENSO diversity, transitions, and projected changes in observations and climate models
Authors: Freund Mandy B , Brown Josephine R , Marshall Andrew G , Tozer Carly R , Henley Benjamin J , Risbey James S , Ramesh Nandini , Lieber Ruby , Sharmila S 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Diverse characteristics of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events challenge the traditional view of tropical coupled ocean-atmosphere systems. The probability of a transition from one type of event to another is influenced by multiple factors of which many are projected to change. Here we assess the likelihood of ENSO transitions in observations and climate models, including a distinction between events that peak in the Eastern Pacific (EP) and Central Pacific (CP). We find that the initial ENSO state influences the likelihood of certain transitions and that some transitions are not physically possible or stochastically likely. For example, transitions to CP events are more likely than EP events except from a neutral state. We also find that El Niños tend to occur as singular events compared to La Niñas. While consecutive El Niño and La Niña events of EP type are possible, opposing EP events do not occur in succession. We identify several transitions likely driven by internal dynamical processes including neutral conditions to El Niño, CP El Niño to another El Niño, EP El Niño to CP La Niña, CP La Niña to CP El Niño and La Niña, and EP La Niña to neutral and CP El Niño. Projections of future transitions show an increased probability of transitions to CP El Niño events while transitions to EP La Niña events become less frequent under a high-emissions scenario. Accordingly, transitions to these events become more and less likely, respectively. We also find changes in the likelihood of specific transitions in a warming world: consecutive CP El Niño events become more likely while EP El Niño events become less likely to transition into CP La Niña events. These changes are expected to occur as early as 2050 with some changes to be accelerated by the end of the 21st century.
Rebalancing Regional and Remote Australia: a vision for a global carbon sink while creating sustainable communities
Authors: Troccoli Alberto , Stone Roger , Bardi Ugo , Breyer Christian , Henggeler Chris 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper introduces a visionary strategy, Rebalancing Regional and Remote Australia. It aims at transforming Australia into a significant global carbon sink by sequestering 4 gigatonne (Gt) of CO2 equivalent annually, leveraging about 25% of the nation’s land area. Addressing the unique challenges of Australia’s arid climate, the plan employs innovative, proven solutions in energy, water, and agriculture, including agrivoltaics, to enhance sustainability across diverse environmental and socioeconomic contexts. A central pillar of the plan is the creation of sustainable regional and remote communities. Designed for scalability, it begins with a pilot community of 100 000 residents, showcasing the initiative’s feasibility and potential for significant return on investment. Beyond its environmental objectives, the plan presents substantial business opportunities, positioning Australia as a leader in global sustainability efforts. Through collaborative innovation, it offers a model for national and international action, highlighting the imperative for comprehensive strategies that promote economic, environmental, and social advancement.
Probabilistic explanation for episodic ecological events
Authors: Bai Husile , Mondlock Olivia , Strong Courtenay , LaMontagne Jalene M , Zuckerberg Benjamin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Climate associated ecological phenomena that occur approximately once per decade suggest the influence of decadal climate oscillations. However, the consistency and origins of such climate patterns in the Atlantic and Pacific regions is currently under debate. Here, we propose a probabilistic explanation for episodic ecological events based on the likelihood of multiple climate patterns converging in a particular phase combination. To illustrate, we apply this model to continental scale facultative migration of seed-eating finches out of the boreal forest. This irruption phenomenon is triggered by seed crop failures stemming from two weakly correlated climate patterns occurring simultaneously in their positive phases—the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO). The joint probability of NAO and NPO both being positive (above upper tercile) is about

(
1

/

3

)
2

≈
0.11

, illustrating a simple probabilistic explanation for quasi-decadal finch irruption and potentially other episodic ecological events in regions affected by multiple climate modes.
Study on recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) in organic fish production
Authors: Masum Beg Mirza , Roy Subha M. , Kar Arup , Mukherjee C. K. , Kumar Bhagat Suraj , Tanveer Mohammad 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The growth of conventional aquaculture has created environmental issues due to excessive feeding, low dissolved oxygen level etc into the water body. Organic aquaculture is a recent development as a solution to these issues. It is a clean alternative to reduce pollution and to produce safer consumable food. In the past few decades, recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) were introduced to maintain pond water quality through lesser water exchange, by focusing on water reuse after treatment. In this study, the technical viability of RAS was analyzed for introduction in organic aquaculture systems. Indian major carps (IMCs) were cultured through conventional methods in the three tanks of conventional system, while the same species was grown organically in another three tanks in organic system. The stocking density and physical conditions were kept same for both cultured systems. The RAS consisted of fish culture tank with an average volume of each tank was 165 m3, a screen filter, foam fractionator and trickling filter. The various water quality parameters, i.e., solid size distribution in water, and removal efficiencies in biological treatment of both systems were compared. The present study, particle size distribution of solids in water body was measured by filtration, followed by weighing of dry residue solids. Pore sizes of 1000μ, 100μ, 20μ and 3μ were employed for filtration. For organic tanks, a majority of solids are of size between 1 mm and 100 μm. The larger sized particles (> 30 μm) constitute nearly 70 % of the solids and the trait differs from the generalized conclusions of that a major part of sediments will be of sizes less than 20 μm. For the conventional tanks, majority of solids are of size between 3 mm and 20 μm and TAN shows higher removal efficiencies for effluents from organic system rather than conventional system. The results showed that organic aquaculture causes lesser pollution load per weight of fish. The particle size distribution of organic water was better compatible to screening and sedimentation than conventional water. Also the filtration efficiencies in nitrifying trickling filters of both water bodies were comparable, with that of organic water slightly on the higher side. Thus recirculating water treatment systems are introduced in organic aquaculture.