bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dining dichotomy: aquatic and terrestrial prey capture behavior in the Himalayan newtTylototriton verrucosus
Authors: Heiss Egon , De Vylder Marie 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTTransitions between aquatic and terrestrial prey capture are challenging. Trophic shifts demand a high degree of behavioral flexibility to account for different physical circumstances between water and air to keep performance in both environments. The Himalayan newt, Tylototriton verrucosus, is mostly terrestrial but becomes aquatic during its short breeding period. Nonetheless, it was assumed that it lacks the capability of trophic behavioral flexibility, only captures prey on land by its tongue (lingual prehension) and does not feed in water. This theory was challenged from stomach content analyses in wild populations that found a variety of aquatic invertebrates in the newts' stomachs during their breeding season. Accordingly, we hypothesized that T. verrucosus actively changes its terrestrial prey capture mechanism to hunt for aquatic prey at least during its aquatic stage. In fact, the kinematic analyses showed that T. verrucosus uses lingual prehension to capture prey on land but changes to suction feeding for aquatic strikes. The statistical analyses revealed that terrestrial and aquatic strikes differ significantly in most kinematic parameters while behavioral variability does not differ between both behaviors. In turn, the movement patterns in suction feeding showed a higher degree of coordination between jaw and hyoid movements compared to the putative primary feeding mode, namely lingual prehension. We conclude that T. verrucosus, though relatively slow compared to trophic specialists, benefits from a high degree of behavioral flexibility that allows exploiting food sources efficiently from two very different habitats.
αE-catenin-dependent mechanotransduction is essential for proper convergent extension in zebrafish
Authors: Han Mitchell K. L. , Hoijman Esteban , Nöel Emily , Garric Laurence , Bakkers Jeroen , de Rooij Johan 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
Cadherin complexes mediate cell-cell adhesion and are crucial for embryonic development. Besides their structural function, cadherin complexes also transduce tension across the junction-actomyosin axis into proportional biochemical responses. Central to this mechanotransduction is the stretching of the cadherin-F-actin-linker α-catenin, which opens its central domain for binding to effectors such as vinculin. Mechanical unfolding of α-catenin leads to force-dependent reinforcement of cadherin-based junctions as studied in cell culture. The importance of cadherin mechanotransduction for embryonic development has not been studied yet. Here we used TALEN-mediated gene disruption to perturb endogenous αE-catenin in zebrafish development. Zygotic α-catenin mutants fail to maintain their epithelial barrier, resulting in tissue rupturing. We then specifically disrupted mechanotransduction, while maintaining cadherin adhesion, by expressing an αE-catenin construct in which the mechanosensitive domain was perturbed. Expression of either wild-type or mechano-defective α-catenin fully rescues barrier function in α-catenin mutants; however, expression of mechano-defective α-catenin also induces convergence and extension defects. Specifically, the polarization of cadherin-dependent, lamellipodia-driven cell migration of the lateral mesoderm was lost. These results indicate that cadherin mechanotransduction is crucial for proper zebrafish morphogenesis, and uncover one of the essential processes affected by its perturbation.
Reducing avoidable deaths from failure to rescue: a discussion paper
Authors: Waldie James , Tee Stephen , Day Tina 
Published: September 2016

Aim: This article proposes a radical new approach to the monitoring and governance of services, and the education and training of nurses to meet ‘failure to rescue’ requirements. Background: Healthcare policy in the UK that seeks to ensure safe and effective services for the acutely ill has largely failed, resulting in adult patients dying unnecessarily. Despite grand rhetoric, UK governments have distanced themselves from implementation, resulting in patchy localised developments and creating inconsistent service responses. Design and data sources: This article draws on a review of research and UK policy literature and best international practice to propose a new national framework approach that combines competency development, governance and performance monitoring to address ‘failure to rescue’ shortcomings. Implications for nursing: Paramount is a nationally agreed and fit-for-purpose competency tool using simulation to assess staff in order to improve recognition of the deteriorating patient. Service improvements should include increased investment in telemedicine; service performance should be communicated through publicly available ratings and overseen by patient panels; and governance will require strengthening through enhanced Care Quality Commission/Monitor input, which should be linked to the maintenance of foundation trust status. Conclusion: Health professional bodies, regulators, providers and the Government must work together to strengthen the safety and effectiveness of acute services. This will require investment in staff competency and enhancement of the governance to ensure services consistently meet public expectations and reduce unnecessary deaths.
Blood metal ion levels are not a useful test for adverse reactions to metal debris
Authors: Pahuta M. , Smolders J. M. , van Susante J. L. , Peck J. , Kim P. R. , Beaule P. E. 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesAlarm over the reported high failure rates for metal-on-metal (MoM) hip implants as well as their potential for locally aggressive Adverse Reactions to Metal Debris (ARMDs) has prompted government agencies, internationally, to recommend the monitoring of patients with MoM hip implants. Some have advised that a blood ion level >7 µg/L indicates potential for ARMDs. We report a systematic review and meta-analysis of the performance of metal ion testing for ARMDs.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE and EMBASE to identify articles from which it was possible to reconstruct a 2 × 2 table. Two readers independently reviewed all articles and extracted data using explicit criteria. We computed a summary receiver operating curve using a Bayesian random-effects hierarchical model.ResultsOur literature search returned 575 unique articles; only six met inclusion criteria defined a priori. The discriminative capacity of ion tests was homogeneous across studies but that there was substantial cut-point heterogeneity. Our best estimate of the “true” area under curve (AUC) for metal ion testing is 0.615, with a 95% credible interval of 0.480 to 0.735, thus we can state that the probability that metal ion testing is actually clinically useful with an AUC ≥ 0.75 is 1.7%.ConclusionMetal ion levels are not useful as a screening test for identifying high risk patients because ion testing will either lead to a large burden of false positive patients, or otherwise marginally modify the pre-test probability. With the availability of more accurate non-invasive tests, we did not find any evidence for using blood ion levels to diagnose symptomatic patients. Cite this article: M. Pahuta, J. M. Smolders, J. L. van Susante, J. Peck, P. R. Kim, P. E. Beaule. Blood metal ion levels are not a useful test for adverse reactions to metal debris: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:379–386. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.59.BJR-2016-0027.R1.
Spatial Statistic Analysis of Earthquakes in Aceh Province Year 1921-2014: Cluster Seismicity
Authors: Affan Muzailin , Syukri Muhammad , Wahyuna Linda , Sofyan Hizir 
Published: September 2016

The purpose of this study is to apply the analysis of spatial patterns of earthquakes in the province of Aceh by detecting clusters and looking for spatial patterns locally and globally during the period 1921-2014 using GIS (Geographic Information System). The selected techniques are Average Nearest Neighbor, Moran Global Index, the Getis-Ord General G, Anselin Local Moran Index, the Getis-Ord Gi*, and Kernel Density Estimation. Each technique is implemented using GIS so that calculations can be done efficiently and quickly. The results of this study indicate that (1) The techniques can detect clusters of dots on the spatial pattern of earthquakes; (2) Both globally and locally, it shows that earthquakes clustered in the southwestern heading to the northern part of the province; (3) An earthquake with a greater magnitude generally concentrated in the district of Simeulue, the western part of Aceh Besar and northwest of Sabang
Chebyshev neural network model with linear and nonlinear active functions
Authors: Seddighi Chaharborj Sarkhosh , Mahmoudi Yaghoub 
Published: September 2016

In this paper the second order non-linear ordinary differential equations of Lane-Emden type as singular initial value problems using Chebyshev Neural Network (ChNN) with linear and nonlinear active functions has been studied. Active functions as, \(\texttt{F(z)=z}, \texttt{sinh(x)}, \texttt{tanh(z)}\) are considered to find the numerical results with high accuracy. Numerical results from Chebyshev Neural Network shows that linear active function has more accuracy and is more convenient compare to other functions.
On the impact of a refined stochastic model for airborne LiDAR measurements
Authors: Bolkas Dimitrios , Fotopoulos Georgia , Glennie Craig 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Accurate topographic information is critical for a number of applications in science and engineering. In recent years, airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) has become a standard tool for acquiring high quality topographic information. The assessment of airborne LiDAR derived DEMs is typically based on (i) independent ground control points and (ii) forward error propagation utilizing the LiDAR geo-referencing equation. The latter approach is dependent on the stochastic model information of the LiDAR observation components. In this paper, the well-known statistical tool of variance component estimation (VCE) is implemented for a dataset in Houston, Texas, in order to refine the initial stochastic information. Simulations demonstrate the impact of stochastic-model refinement for two practical applications, namely coastal inundation mapping and surface displacement estimation. Results highlight scenarios where erroneous stochastic information is detrimental. Furthermore, the refined stochastic information provides insights on the effect of each LiDAR measurement in the airborne LiDAR error budget. The latter is important for targeting future advancements in order to improve point cloud accuracy.
A remark on the GNSS single difference model with common clock scheme for attitude determination
Authors: Chen Wantong 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
GNSS-based attitude determination technique is an important field of study, in which two schemes can be used to construct the actual system: the common clock scheme and the non-common clock scheme. Compared with the non-common clock scheme, the common clock scheme can strongly improve both the reliability and the accuracy. However, in order to gain these advantages, specific care must be taken in the implementation. The cares are thus discussed, based on the generating technique of carrier phase measurement in GNSS receivers. A qualitative assessment of potential phase bias contributes is also carried out. Possible technical difficulties are pointed out for the development of single-board multi-antenna GNSS attitude systems with a common clock.
Effect of changing P/Ge and Mn/Fe ratios on the magnetocaloric effect and structural transition in the (Mn,Fe)2 (P,Ge) intermetallic compounds
Authors: Wlodarczyk P. , Hawelek L. , Zackiewicz P. , Kaminska M. , Chrobak A. , Kolano-Burian A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe magnetocaloric effect in the MnxFe2−xP1−yGey intermetallic compounds with the amount of Mn in the range of x = 1.05 to 1.17 and amount of Ge in the range of y = 0.19 to 0.22 has been studied. It was found that a higher Ge/P ratio causes an increase in Curie temperature, magnetocaloric effect at low field (up to 1 T), activation energy of structural transition and a decrease in thermal hysteresis, as well as transition enthalpy. Contrary to this observation, higher Mn/Fe ratio causes a decrease in Curie temperature, slight decrease of magnetocaloric effect at low magnetic field, and an increase in thermal hysteresis. Simultaneous increase of both ratios may be very advantageous, as the thermal hysteresis can be lowered and magnetocaloric effect can be enhanced without changing the Curie temperature. Some hints about optimization of the composition for applications at low magnetic fields (0.5 T to 2 T) have been presented.
An acoustic teaching model illustrating the principles of dynamic mode magnetic force microscopy
Authors: Reimer Mario , Niemeier Sybille , Laumann Daniel , Denz Cornelia , Heusler Stefan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMagnetic force microscopy (MFM) represents a versatile technique within the manifold methods of scanning probe microscopy (SPM), focusing on the investigation of magnetic phenomena at the nanoscale. Although magnetism is a fundamental element of physics education, educational content at the cutting edge of actual scientific topics and techniques in magnetism, like MFM, is lacking. Therefore, we present a scaled teaching model imparting the core principles of MFM, implementing a macroscopic model operating in dynamic mode. The experimental configuration of the model is based on popular bricks by LEGO and drivers based on LEGO Mindstorms (Lego, Billund, Denmark), as well as on further off the shelf components being easily accessible for schools and universities. Investigations of macroscopic magnetic structures reveal numerical, visual and auditory information based on magnetic forces between an oscillating cantilever and ferromagnetic samples allowing a sensual experience of force microscopy for students. Along these lines, students obtain multiple representations to study the precision measurement process of SPM in general and MFM in particular at a scale that allows experiencing micro- and nanoscopic effects. The magnetic force gradients and spatial resolution of the macroscopic model are in agreement with those of an authentic microscopic magnetic force microscope.
Nature and culture in visual communication: Japanese variations onLudus Naturae
Authors: Leone Massimo 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe neurophysiology of vision and cognition shapes the way in which human beings visually “read” the environment. A biological instinct, probably selected as adaptive through evolution, pushes them to recognize coherent shapes in chaotic visual patterns and to impute the creation of these shapes to an anthropomorphic agency. In the west as in the east, in Italy as in Japan, human beings have identified faces, bodies, and landscapes in the bizarre chromatic, eidetic, and topologic configurations of stones, clouds, and other natural elements, as though invisible painters and sculptors had depicted the former in the latter. However, culture-specific visual ideologies immediately and deeply mold such cross-cultural instinct of pattern recognition and agency attribution. Giants and mythical monsters are seen in clouds in the west as in the east; both the Italian seventeenth-century naturalist and the Japanese seventeenth-century painter identify figures of animals and plants in stones. And yet, the ways in which they articulate the semantics of this visual recognition, identify its icons, determine its agency, and categorize it in relation to an ontological framework diverge profoundly, according to such exquisitely paths of differentiation that only the study of culture, together with that of nature, can account for.
Signs as functions: Edusemiotic and ontological foundations for a semiotic concept of a sign
Authors: Pikkarainen Eetu 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAs a branch of theoretical semiotics that aims to contribute to the development of the theory of both semiotics and education, edusemiotics must also problematize the most foundational semiotic conceptions of sign and semiosis. The biosemiotic notion that a sign relation is necessarily dependent on learning restricts semiotics to the biological sphere, to living beings. This fits well with education, which can be seen as transition from the zoosemiotic sphere to the anthroposemiotic sphere. However this radical discontinuity between living and non-living spheres makes it difficult to understand how signs and semiosis are viable at all and what their basic nature is. Ontologically we can imagine that sign relations must also be somehow based on the features of non-living beings. In this article I will analyze how a concept of a sign can be seen as a general model of interaction between any beings. This paper develops the conception of semiosis and signification with regard to the competence (or habits) of the subject experiencing the meaning. Such task requires the explication of the ontological basis of semiosis – a step often perceived as dangerous by semioticians or ignored by educators.
Writing and Différance
Authors: Trifonas Peter Pericles 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe theme of pedagogy and more generally education as supplementarity has been all but ignored in critical discussions engaging Jacques Derrida’s of grammatology. By and large, the sustained emphasis of inquiry has instead been on evaluating the epistemological and methodological parameters of deconstruction as a theory of reading and writing and not as a treatise on the ethics of pedagogical praxis. The essay rereads “... That Dangerous Supplement...,” the chapter on Rousseau on writing, while keeping the theme of pedagogy at the forefront of the analysis of supplementarity. Derrida presents for the “science of a new writing” in the “gram” that flourishes within the codic play of differences. But it is as différance that the grammatological conversion of semiology takes place via deconstruction. Such a focus provides new insights into deconstruction that could allow us to effectively gauge the edusemiotic potential of its influence on educational theory, not only as a theoretical departure from classical modes of reading and writing, but as the inaugural steps toward and beyond a theory of education that could ground an ethical praxis.
The effects of proteasomal inhibition on synaptic proteostasis
Authors: Hakim Vicky , Cohen Laurie D , Zuchman Rina , Ziv Tamar , Ziv Noam E 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSynaptic function crucially depends on uninterrupted synthesis and degradation of synaptic proteins. While much has been learned on synaptic protein synthesis, little is known on the routes by which synaptic proteins are degraded. Here we systematically studied how inhibition of the ubiquitin‐proteasome system (UPS) affects the degradation rates of thousands of neuronal and synaptic proteins. We identified a group of proteins, including several proteins related to glutamate receptor trafficking, whose degradation rates were significantly slowed by UPS inhibition. Unexpectedly, however, degradation rates of most synaptic proteins were not significantly affected. Interestingly, many of the differential effects of UPS inhibition were readily explained by a quantitative framework that considered known metabolic turnover rates for the same proteins. In contrast to the limited effects on protein degradation, UPS inhibition profoundly and preferentially suppressed the synthesis of a large number of synaptic proteins. Our findings point to the importance of the UPS in the degradation of certain synaptic proteins, yet indicate that under basal conditions most synaptic proteins might be degraded through alternative pathways.
INCLUSÃO DE UM ALUNO COM PERTURBAÇÃO DO ESPECTRO DO AUTISMO NA SALA DE AULA
Authors: Panao Ramalho Anabela , Oliveira Susana 
Published: September 2016

Resumo:O presente comunicação propõe-se apresentar um projeto de intervenção que envolveu uma reflexão teórica e uma componente prática sobre a inclusão na sala de aula regular de um aluno com Perturbação do Espectro do Autismo. O mundo da criança autista inquieta profissionais de educação e pais. Olhar para este mundo como um todo, não é só interpretar interesses, necessidades, capacidades e ritmos de aprendizagem, é, também, olhar reflexivamente para o contexto familiar e educacional. “Conviver com o autismo é abdicar de uma só forma de ver o mundo, é percorrer caminhos que nos conduzem a uma múltipla forma de ver esse mesmo mundo, é, sem dúvida, falar e ouvir uma outra linguagem!” (Cavaco, 2009, p.129) O Sistema Educativo Português, empenhado em responder às necessidades específicas das crianças e jovens com Perturbação Autista, concebeu um enquadramento legal permitindo criar as recentes unidades de ensino estruturado, que através de metodologias de intervenção adequadas, potencia as áreas e capacidades comprometidas.Neste contexto é nossa intenção apresentar parte dos resultados do projeto de intervenção da inclusão de um aluno com Perturbação do Espectro do Autismo no ensino regular.