bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repeated enrichment of trace metals and organic carbon on an Eocene high-energy shelf caused by anoxia and reworking
Authors: März Christian , Wagner T. , Aqleh S. , Al-Alaween M. , van den Boorn S. , Podlaha O.G. , Kolonic S. , Poulton S.W. , Schnetger B. , Brumsack H.-J. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Petroleum source rocks are strongly enriched in organic carbon (OC), and their trace metal (TM) contents often reach low-grade ore levels. The mechanisms leading to these coenrichments are important for understanding how extreme environmental conditions support the formation of natural resources. We therefore studied organic-rich Eocene marls and limestones (oil shale) from the central Jordan Amzaq-Hazra subbasin, part of a Cretaceous–Paleogene shelf system along the southern Neo-Tethys margin. Geochemical analyses on two cores show highly dynamic depositional conditions, consistent with sedimentological and micropaleontological observations. Maximum and average contents, respectively, in OC (∼26 and ∼10 wt%), sulfur (∼7 and ∼2.4 wt%), phosphorus (∼10 and ∼2 wt%), molybdenum (&gt;400 and ∼130 ppm), chromium (&gt;500 and ∼350 ppm), vanadium (&gt;1600 and ∼550 ppm) and zinc (&gt;3800 and ∼900 ppm) are exceptional, in particular without any indication of hydrothermal or epigenetic processes. We propose a combination of two processes: physical reworking of OC- and metal-rich material from locally exposed Cretaceous–Paleogene sediments (as supported by reworked nannofossils), and high marine productivity fueled by chemical remobilization of nutrients and metals on land that sustained anoxic-sulfidic conditions. Burial of high-quality organic matter (hydrogen index 600–700 mgHC/gOC) was related to strongly reducing conditions, punctuated by only short-lived oxygenation events, and to excess H2S, promoting organic matter sulfurization. These processes likely caused the OC and TM coenrichments in a high-energy shallow-marine setting that contradicts common models for black shale formation, but may explain similar geochemical patterns in other black shales.
Hepatitis B virus infection in Chinese patients with hepatitis C virus infection: prevalence, clinical characteristics, viral interactions and host genotypes: a nationwide cross-sectional study
Authors: Yan Li-Bo , Rao Hui-Ying , Ma Yuan-Ji , Bai Lang , Chen En-Qiang , Du Ling-Yao , Yang Rui-Feng , Wei Lai , Tang Hong 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesLittle is known about hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in China. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, clinical characteristics, viral interactions and host genotypes of HBV/HCV dual infection compared with HCV monoinfection.Study designA cross-sectional study.SettingChina.Participants and methods997 patients with HCV from 28 university-affiliated hospitals in China were enrolled in this research. Patients were divided into two subgroups.ResultsThe prevalence of HBV infection in patients with HCV was 4.11% (41/997). The age-specific prevalence of HBsAg was 0.70%, 3.97% and 5.85% in groups aged 18–30, 30–50 and >50 years old (p=0.057), respectively. Patients with HBV/HCV dual infection and patients with HCV monoinfection had similar HCV viral loads (5.80±0.89 vs 5.83±1.00 log10 IU/mL, p=0.904). The dominant HCV genotype was 1b in both groups (53.65% vs 56.90%, p=0.493). The protective C allele in IL-28B (rs12979860) was also the dominant allele type in both patient groups (85.36% vs 83.99%, p=0.814). Patients with HBV/HCV dual infection had a higher ratio of liver cirrhosis and hepatic decompensation than patients with HCV monoinfection (39.02% vs 17.69%, p=0.001; 31.70% vs 12.13%, p=0.001).ConclusionsThe HBV burden was moderate in HCV-infected patients in China. Liver cirrhosis was more common in patients with HBV/HCV dual infection, suggesting the need for closer monitoring of dual-infected individuals.Trial registration numberNCT01293279; Post-results.
Intra-aneurysmal hemodynamics: evaluation of pCONus and pCANvas bifurcation aneurysm devices using DSA optical flow imaging
Authors: Pérez Marta Aguilar , Henkes Hans , Bouillot Pierre , Brina Olivier , Slater Lee-Anne , Pereira Vitor Mendes 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundImplantation of self-expanding stents from the parent artery into the sac of a bifurcation aneurysm is regularly used to facilitate endovascular coil occlusion with the so-called waffle cone technique (WCT). Self-expanding aneurysm bridging stents like Solitaire AB, can be used; however, bifurcation devices like pCONus and pCANvas are especially designed for WCT. These devices provide additional support for coil implantation owing to intraluminal nylon fibers (pCONus) or membranes (pCANvas) covering the intracranial aneurysm neck.ObjectiveAssessment of the intra-aneurysmal hemodynamic impact of these three devices: a regular intracranial stent (Solitaire AB) and two bifurcation devices (pCONus and pCANvas).Material and methodsAn in vitro experiment was set up using a silicone model of a basilar tip aneurysm filled with blood mimicking fluid under a pulsatile circulation. Solitaire AB, pCONus, and pCANvas were successively implanted in the model for hemodynamic evaluation. High frame rate DSA series were acquired under various conditions. Intra-aneurysmal flow changes, including mean aneurysm flow amplitude ratio (R), were subsequently assessed by the optical flow method, measuring the detector velocity field before and after device implantations.ResultspCONus and Solitaire minimally reduced the intra-aneurysmal flow (R=0.96, p=0.17 and R=0.91, p=0.01, respectively), whereas pCANvas strongly diminished the intra-aneurysmal flow (R=0.41, p=5×10−12).ConclusionsWaffle cone deployment of stents and technique-specific devices had no undesirable effect on the intra-aneurysmal flow. In particular, no increased flow was redirected into the aneurysm sac. The intraluminal membrane of the pCANvas strongly reduced the intra-aneurysmal flow, potentially preventing recanalization problems.
Characterizing the mechanical behaviour of the Tournemire argillite
Authors: Su Xueqing , Nguyen Son , Haghighat Ehsan , Pietruszczak Stanislaw , Labrie Denis , Barnichon Jean-Dominique , Abdi Hadj 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
A laboratory programme of uniaxial, triaxial, cyclic and Brazilian tests was conducted to investigate the anisotropic mechanical behaviour of the Tournemire argillite, with different axial loading orientations with respect to the bedding planes (i.e. loading orientation angle, θ=0°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90°). The experimental results show that both strength and deformation of the argillite are direction-dependent. Failure occurs in a brittle manner with a sudden collapse of the material strength. The failure mode exhibits localization along distinct failure planes and also depends on the loading orientation. This paper summarizes the experimental results and describes constitutive relationships that were developed in order to simulate the stress–strain behaviour of the Tournemire argillite. A microstructure tensor approach is adopted in order to take into account the anisotropic behaviour of the argillite. The identification procedure for material function and parameters is outlined, and the model is applied to simulate the set of triaxial tests performed at different levels of confining pressure and orientation of the bedding planes. It is demonstrated that the model adequately reproduces the anisotropy, the pre-peak stress–strain response and the onset of material collapse in those tests.
A 3D regional crustal model of the NE Atlantic based on seismic and gravity data
Authors: Haase C. , Ebbing J. , Funck T. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
We present a 3D regional crustal model for the North Atlantic, which is based on the integration of seismic constraints and gravity data. The model addresses the crustal thickness geometry, and includes information on sedimentary thickness, the presence of high-velocity zones in the lower crust, and information on the crustal density distribution in the continental and oceanic domains. Using an iterative forward- and inverse-modelling approach, we adhere to the seismic constraints within their uncertainty, but manage to enhance the crustal geometry in areas where seismic data are sparse or absent. A number of basins are resolved with more detail. Recently released seismic reflection data beneath the NE Greenland Shelf allowed for a major improvement of the crustal thickness estimates. Estimated Moho depths beneath the basins there vary between 15 and 25 km, which is compatible with the conjugate Norwegian margin. A major lower-crustal seismic velocity anomaly in the vicinity of the Greenland–Iceland–Faroe Ridge complex is supported by density modelling. We discuss the validity and uncertainties of our model assumptions and discuss the correlation with the main structural elements of the North Atlantic.
A review of the NE Atlantic conjugate margins based on seismic refraction data
Authors: Funck Thomas , Erlendsson Ögmundur , Geissler Wolfram H. , Gradmann Sofie , Kimbell Geoffrey S. , McDermott Kenneth , Petersen Uni K. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

The NE Atlantic region evolved through several rift episodes, leading to break-up in the Eocene that was associated with voluminous magmatism along the conjugate margins of East Greenland and NW Europe. Existing seismic refraction data provide good constraints on the overall tectonic development of the margins, despite data gaps at the NE Greenland shear margin and the southern Jan Mayen microcontinent. The maximum thickness of the initial oceanic crust is 40 km at the Greenland–Iceland–Faroe Ridge, but decreases with increasing distance to the Iceland plume. High-velocity lower crust interpreted as magmatic underplating or sill intrusions is observed along most margins but disappears north of the East Greenland Ridge and the Lofoten margin, with the exception of the Vestbakken Volcanic Province at the SW Barents Sea margin. South of the narrow Lofoten margin, the European side is characterized by wide margins. The opposite trend is seen in Greenland, with a wide margin in the NE and narrow margins elsewhere. The thin crust beneath the basins is generally underlain by rocks with velocities of >7 km s
−1
interpreted as serpentinized mantle in the Porcupine and southern Rockall basins; while off Norway, alternative interpretations such as eclogite bodies and underplating are also discussed.
Morpheus
Authors: Tseng Hung-Wei , Zhao Qianchen , Zhou Yuxiao , Gahagan Mark , Swanson Steven 
Published: October 2016

In high performance computing systems, object deserialization can become a surprisingly important bottleneck---in our test, a set of general-purpose, highly parallelized applications spends 64% of total execution time deserializing data into objects.
This paper presents the Morpheus model, which allows applications to move such computations to a storage device. We use this model to deserialize data into application objects inside storage devices, rather than in the host CPU. Using the Morpheus model for object deserialization avoids unnecessary system overheads, frees up scarce CPU and main memory resources for compute-intensive workloads, saves I/O bandwidth, and reduces power consumption. In heterogeneous, co-processor-equipped systems, Morpheus allows application objects to be sent directly from a storage device to a co-processor (e.g., a GPU) by peer-to-peer transfer, further improving application performance as well as reducing the CPU and main memory utilizations.
This paper implements Morpheus-SSD, an SSD supporting the Morpheus model. Morpheus-SSD improves the performance of object deserialization by 1.66×, reduces power consumption by 7%, uses 42% less energy, and speeds up the total execution time by 1.32×. By using NVMe-P2P that realizes peer-to-peer communication between Morpheus-SSD and a GPU, Morpheus-SSD can speed up the total execution time by 1.39× in a heterogeneous computing platform.
Opportunistic competition overhead reduction for expediting critical section in NoC based CMPs
Authors: Yao Yuan , Lu Zhonghai 
Published: October 2016

With the degree of parallelism increasing, performance of multi-threaded shared variable applications is not only limited by serialized critical section execution, but also by the serialized competition overhead for threads to get access to critical section. As the number of concurrent threads grows, such competition overhead may exceed the time spent in critical section itself, and become the dominating factor limiting the performance of parallel applications.
In modern operating systems, queue spinlock, which comprises a low-overhead spinning phase and a high-overhead sleeping phase, is often used to lock critical sections. In the paper, we show that this advanced locking solution may create very high competition overhead for multithreaded applications executing in NoC-based CMPs. Then we propose a software-hardware cooperative mechanism that can opportunistically maximize the chance that a thread wins the critical section access in the low-overhead spinning phase, thereby reducing the competition overhead. At the OS primitives level, we monitor the remaining times of retry (RTR) in a thread's spinning phase, which reflects in how long the thread must enter into the high-overhead sleep mode. At the hardware level, we integrate the RTR information into the packets of locking requests, and let the NoC prioritize locking request packets according to the RTR information. The principle is that the smaller RTR a locking request packet carries, the higher priority it gets and thus quicker delivery.
We evaluate our opportunistic competition overhead reduction technique with cycle-accurate full-system simulations in GEM5 using PARSEC (11 programs) and SPEC OMP2012 (14 programs) benchmarks. Compared to the original queue spinlock implementation, experimental results show that our method can effectively increase the opportunity of threads entering the critical section in low-overhead spinning phase, reducing the competition overhead averagely by 39.9% (maximally by 61.8%) and accelerating the execution of the Region-of-Interest averagely by 14.4% (maximally by 24.5%) across all 25 benchmark programs.
DRAF
Authors: Gao Mingyu , Delimitrou Christina , Niu Dimin , Malladi Krishna T. , Zheng Hongzhong , Brennan Bob , Kozyrakis Christos 
Published: October 2016

FPGAs are a popular target for application-specific accelerators because they lead to a good balance between flexibility and energy efficiency. However, FPGA lookup tables introduce significant area and power overheads, making it difficult to use FPGA devices in environments with tight cost and power constraints. This is the case for datacenter servers, where a modestly-sized FPGA cannot accommodate the large number of diverse accelerators that datacenter applications need.
This paper introduces DRAF, an architecture for bit-level reconfigurable logic that uses DRAM subarrays to implement dense lookup tables. DRAF overlaps DRAM operations like bitline precharge and charge restoration with routing within the reconfigurable routing fabric to minimize the impact of DRAM latency. It also supports multiple configuration contexts that can be used to quickly switch between different accelerators with minimal latency. Overall, DRAF trades off some of the performance of FPGAs for significant gains in area and power. DRAF improves area density by 10x over FPGAs and power consumption by more than 3x, enabling DRAF to satisfy demanding applications within strict power and cost constraints. While accelerators mapped to DRAF are 2-3x slower than those in FPGAs, they still deliver a 13x speedup and an 11x reduction in power consumption over a Xeon core for a wide range of datacenter tasks, including analytics and interactive services like speech recognition.
Virtual thread
Authors: Yoon Myung Kuk , Kim Keunsoo , Lee Sangpil , Ro Won Woo , Annavaram Murali 
Published: October 2016

Modern GPUs require tens of thousands of concurrent threads to fully utilize the massive amount of processing resources. However, thread concurrency in GPUs can be diminished either due to shortage of thread scheduling structures (scheduling limit), such as available program counters and single instruction multiple thread stacks, or due to shortage of on-chip memory (capacity limit), such as register file and shared memory. Our evaluations show that in practice concurrency in many general purpose applications running on GPUs is curtailed by the scheduling limit rather than the capacity limit. Maximizing the utilization of on-chip memory resources without unduly increasing the scheduling complexity is a key goal of this paper.
This paper proposes a Virtual Thread (VT) architecture which assigns Cooperative Thread Arrays (CTAs) up to the capacity limit, while ignoring the scheduling limit. However, to reduce the logic complexity of managing more threads concurrently, we propose to place CTAs into active and inactive states, such that the number of active CTAs still respects the scheduling limit. When all the warps in an active CTA hit a long latency stall, the active CTA is context switched out and the next ready CTA takes its place. We exploit the fact that both active and inactive CTAs still fit within the capacity limit which obviates the need to save and restore large amounts of CTA state. Thus VT significantly reduces performance penalties of CTA swapping. By swapping between active and inactive states, VT can exploit higher degree of thread level parallelism without increasing logic complexity. Our simulation results show that VT improves performance by 23.9% on average.
Coronary Artery Ectasia Are Frequently Observed in Patients With Bicuspid Aortic Valves With and Without Dilatation of the Ascending Aorta
Authors: Meindl Christine , Achatz Birgit , Huber Deborah , Baessler Andrea , Hubauer Ute , Meisinger Christa , Hengstenberg Christian , Erdmann Jeanette , Buchner Stefan , Maier Lars , Schunkert Heribert , Debl Kurt , Fischer Marcus 
Published: October 2016

Background—
The presence of coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is influenced by genetic factors and related to the presence of aneurysms in other vascular beds. Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) disease is frequently accompanied by ascending aortic aneurysm. Because the aortic valve and the proximal parts of the coronary arteries share a common embryonic origin, we hypothesized that CAE is associated with BAV disease.

Methods and Results—
One hundred seventy-seven patients with suspected aortic valve disease (n=94 BAV, n=83 tricuspid aortic valve) underwent both cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and coronary angiography. To confirm the association of CAE with BAV, the frequency of CAE was evaluated in an in-house BAV registry (n=600, n=231 with available coronary angiogram) and compared with the frequency of CAE in the German Myocardial Infarction (MI) Family Study, in which the heritability of CAE was formerly established (n=899). Furthermore, the frequency of CAE was investigated in an observational registry of real-life patients undergoing coronary angiography for clinically indicated reasons (n=3.097) and in a subgroup of the KORA MI study (Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg), which is a population-based MI registry (n=403).

Compared with tricuspid aortic valve disease, CAE occurred more than twice as frequently in cardiac magnetic resonance–confirmed BAV disease (17% versus 44%;
P
<0.0001) and CAE was observed similarly often in subjects with BAV with (37%) and without (54%,
P
=0.11) ascending aortic pathology. The common appearance of CAE in patients with BAV could be independently confirmed in the BAV registry (frequency 37%), whereas CAE was found less frequently in family history of positive MI patients (21%), sporadic MI without familial disposition (10%), and rarely in unrelated real-life catheterization patients (6%).

Conclusions—
To our knowledge, our data show for the first time that ectatic coronary artery disease is a common appearance of BAV disease with and without ascending aortic ectasia.
Emergence of the Transnational Capitalist Class in Sports: Manchester United Football Club (mufc) and the English Premier League (epl)
Authors: Velayutham Sivakumar , Velayutham Ajantha 
Published: October 2016

Transnational capitalism has been described as the emerging new stage of capitalism characterized by sharp increases in foreign direct investment, the rise of a global financial system, and increased interlocking of positions within the global corporate structure in many countries and industries. These have been identified as some empirical indicators of the transnational integration of capitalists. This thesis has however rarely been applied to sports probably because it could be considered the antithesis of transnational capitalism. First, sports more than any other form of social activity is associated with nationalism, and second, sport has traditionally been associated with amateurism.The transformation of Manchester United Football Club (mufc) from a local club to a transnational corporation within the English Premier League (epl) is used as an example of the colonization of sport by the transnational capitalist class (tcc). The study highlights a number of emerging characteristics of transnational capitalism. First, the study points to the emergence of transnational capitalist class (tcc) centers with London and England as one of them. Second, the study also highlights the role of modern technologies of communication and media, and branding in the emergence transnational capitalism.
Novelties in Brazilian Anchietea A.St.-Hil. (Violaceae): A new species from inselbergs in the Atlantic rainforest and an update on the conservation status of Anchietea ferrucciae Paula-Souza &amp; Zmarzty
Authors: DE PAULA-SOUZA JULIANA , PIRANI JOSÉ RUBENS 
Published: October 2016

Anchietea ballardii Paula-Souza, a new species of Violaceae endemic to inselbergs in Espírito Santo state, Brazil, is described and illustrated. The new species is morphologically similar to Anchietea ferrucciae Paula-Souza & Zmarzty, endemic to the Caatinga in Bahia state, being recognized by its obovate to suborbicular fruit valves, ovate or widely elliptic to suborbicular leaves and more congested arrangement of leaves and flowers/fruits. An updated key to the species of Anchietea A.St.-Hil. is provided, and a preliminary conservation assessment using IUCN criteria are provided for both the new species and and A. ferrucciae. Anchietea ballardii Paula-Souza, uma nova espécie de Violaceae endêmica de inselbergs do Espírito Santo, Brasil, é descrita e ilustrada. A nova espécie é morfologicamente relacionada à Anchietea ferrucciae Paula-Souza & Zmarzty, endêmica da Caatinga da Bahia, sendo distinta pelas valvas dos frutos obovais a suborbiculares, folhas ovais ou largamente elípticas a suborbiculares e arranjo mais congesto de folhas e flores/frutos. Uma chave de identificação atualizada para as espécies de Anchietea A.St.-Hil. é apresentada, assim como a avaliação de seu status de conservação e o de A. ferrucciae.