bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypomineralized second primary molars: prevalence, defect characteristics and relationship with dental caries in Melbourne preschool children
Authors: Owen ML , Ghanim A , Elsby D , Manton DJ 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundDental caries and enamel defects (DDE) are prevalent amongst children. The presence of DDE, especially enamel hypomineralization, may increase caries experience. The reported prevalence of hypomineralized second primary molars (HSPM) is 2.7–21.8%, although the occurrence in Australian children remains unknown. These HSPM represent a potential predictive factor for molar‐incisor hypomineralization (MIH).MethodsIn total, 623 children aged 3–5 years from 30 randomly selected kindergartens participated. The HSPM were recorded using an index combining the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry MIH Judgment Criteria and modified DDE Index. Caries was recorded using International Caries Detection and Assessment System criteria.ResultsIn total, 144 HSPM were observed in 88 of the 623 (14.1%) children, a tooth‐level prevalence of 5.8%. The prevalence of dentinal carious lesions was 13.2%, and caries prevalence (d2–6mft > 0) was 36.4%. Cavitated carious lesions affected 30.7% of HSPM.ConclusionsThe relationship between an increase in HSPM lesion extent and increasing number of HSPM per child was statistically significant. A positive association between HSPM severity and extent at tooth level existed (P < 0.05). There was a positive relationship between the extent of HSPM and carious lesion severity (P < 0.05). In this population, children with HSPM did not have overall greater caries experience.
Urinary miR‐155‐5p and CXCL10 as prognostic and predictive biomarkers of rejection, graft outcome and treatment response in kidney transplantation
Authors: Millán Olga , Budde Klemens , Sommerer Claudia , Aliart Irene , Rissling Olesja , Bardaji Beatriz , Matz Maaren , Zeier Martin , Silva Irene , Guirado Lluis , Brunet Mercè 
Published: September 2017

AimsMicroRNAs (miRNAs) may be useful biomarkers of rejection and allograft outcome in kidney transplantation. Elevated urinary CXCL10 levels have been associated with acute rejection (AR) and may predict allograft failure. We examined the correlation of miRNA, CXCL10 levels and immunosuppressive drug exposure with AR and graft function in kidney transplant recipients.MethodsEighty de novo kidney transplant recipients were recruited from four European centres. All patients received tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and methylprednisolone. Urinary pellet expression of miR‐142‐3p, miR‐210‐3p and miR‐155‐5p was assessed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and urinary CXCL10 levels by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay at the 1st week and the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 6th months post‐transplantation.ResultsEight patients experienced AR. Before and during AR, patients showed a significant increase of urinary miR‐142‐3p, miR‐155‐5p and CXCL10 levels and a decrease of miR‐210‐3p levels. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that miR‐155‐5p (area under the curve = 0.875; P = 0.046) and CXCL10 (area under the curve = 0.865; P = 0.029) had excellent capacity to discriminate between rejectors and nonrejectors. The optimal cut‐off values for the prognosis of AR were 0.51, with 85% sensitivity and 86% specificity for miR‐155‐5p and 84.73 pg ml–1, with 84% sensitivity and 80% specificity for CXCL10. miR‐155‐5p and CXCL10 levels correlated with glomerular filtration rate. Levels of both biomarkers normalized after recovery of graft function.ConclusionsThe regular early post‐transplantation monitoring of urinary miR‐155‐5p and CXCL10 can help in the prognosis of AR and graft dysfunction. Large prospective randomized multicentre trials are warranted to refine our cut‐off values and validate the clinical usefulness of these biomarkers.
The importance of snow in species distribution models of arctic vegetation
Authors: Niittynen Pekka , Luoto Miska 
Published: September 2017

Snow cover is characteristic of high‐latitude and ‐altitude ecosystems where snowpack properties regulate many ecological patterns and processes. Nevertheless, snow information is only rarely used as a predictor in species distribution models (SDMs). Methodological difficulties have been limiting both the quality and quantity of available snow information in SDMs.Here, we test whether incorporating remotely sensed snow information in baseline SDMs (using five climate‐topography‐soil variables) improves the accuracy of species occurrence and community level predictions. We use vegetation data recorded in 1200 study sites spanning a wide range of environmental conditions characteristic of mountain systems at high‐latitudes. The data consist of 273 species from three ecologically different and evolutionarily distant taxonomical groups: vascular plants, mosses, and lichens.The inclusion of the snow persistence variable significantly improved the predictive performance of the distribution and community level predictions. The improvements were constant, irrespective of the evaluation metric used or the taxonomic group in question. Snow was the most influential predictor for 36% of the species and had, on average, the second highest variable importance scores of all the environmental variables considered. Consequently, models incorporating snow data produced markedly more refined distribution maps than simpler models. Snow information should not be neglected in the construction of species distribution models where ecosystems characterized by seasonal snow cover are concerned.
Chinese Individualisms: Childrearing Aspirations for the Next Generation of Middle‐Class Chinese Citizens
Authors: Kim Sung won , Brown Kari‐Elle , Fong Vanessa L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis article draws on surveys (N = 406) and interviews (n = 48) of graduates of a middle school in Dalian City, Liaoning Province, China, who were part of the first generation of children born under the one‐child policy that began along with China's economic reforms in 1979 and were between ages 25 and 30 when they were interviewed in 2011–14. We compared how they said they had been raised by their parents with how they hope to raise their own children. We found that, while their parents raised them with the disciplined study habits and high expectations children needed to become successful in the newly competitive education system of the 1990s, our interviewees had developed a new understanding of what it would take for children to become successful, upwardly mobile Chinese citizens in the 2010s, and emphasized freedom and the development and pursuit of individual interests, pointing towards a hybrid form of “soft” and “hard” individualism.
Corporate debt maturity and stock price crash risk
Authors: Dang Viet Anh , Lee Edward , Liu Yangke , Zeng Cheng 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe find that firms with a larger proportion of short‐term debt have lower future stock price crash risk, consistent with short‐term debt lenders playing an effective monitoring role in constraining managers’ bad‐news‐hoarding behaviour. The inverse relationship between short‐maturity debt and future crash risk is more pronounced for firms that are harder to monitor due to weaker corporate governance, higher information asymmetry, and greater risk‐taking. These findings suggest that short‐term debt substitutes for other monitoring mechanisms in curbing managerial opportunism and reducing future crash risk. Our study implies that short‐maturity debt not only preserves creditors’ interests, but also protects shareholders’ wealth.
Clinical management of superficial complicated corneal ulcerations infected with newly identified fastidious bacteria with unknown antibiotic sensitivity in three horses
Authors: Henriksen M. d. L. , Sharkey  L. , Esser  M. , Costello J. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThis case series addresses a clinical approach to a specific type of infected corneal ulceration in horses; the slow‐healing superficial complicated corneal ulceration involving a fastidious or possibly newly identified bacteria for which no antibiotic sensitivity can be determined. These corneal ulcerations present as superficial, nonhealing lesions that appear infected based on cellular infiltration of the cornea. Because they are superficial, they do not appear to be as serious to the referral veterinarian as deep stromal corneal ulcerations. However, superficial corneal ulcerations are complicated and slow healing, ultimately frustrating both owners and primary care clinicians. Culture results are often negative, or implicate a newly identified bacteria with no known antimicrobial sensitivity in horses.
Podoplanin expression in cancer‐associated fibroblasts predicts unfavourable prognosis in patients with pathological stage IA lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kubouchi Yasuaki , Yurugi Yohei , Wakahara Makoto , Sakabe Tomohiko , Haruki Tomohiro , Nosaka Kanae , Miwa Ken , Araki Kunio , Taniguchi Yuji , Shiomi Tatsushi , Nakamura Hiroshige , Umekita Yoshihisa 
Published: September 2017

AimsPodoplanin expression in cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) has been proposed as an unfavourable indicator in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, but little is known about its clinical significance in early‐stage lung adenocarcinoma. We evaluated the prognostic impact of podoplanin expression in patients with pathological stage (p‐stage) IA lung adenocarcinoma as categorised by the 8th edition of the tumour–node–metastasis classification for lung cancer.Methods and resultsImmunohistochemical analyses using anti‐podoplanin antibody were performed on resected specimens from 158 patients with p‐stage IA lung adenocarcinoma. When more than 10% of cancer cells or CAFs showed immunoreactivity with podoplanin, the specimens were classified as podoplanin‐positive. Podoplanin‐positive status in cancer cells (n = 8) was not correlated with clinicopathological factors or with patient prognosis. Podoplanin‐positive status in CAFs (n = 41) was correlated significantly with poorer tumour differentiation (P < 0.001), the presence of lymphatic invasion (P < 0.001) and high‐grade (solid and/or micropapillary) components constituting ≥1% of the entire tumour (P < 0.001). The log‐rank test showed that podoplanin‐positive status in CAFs was associated significantly with shorter disease‐free survival (DFS) (P < 0.001) and disease‐specific survival (P = 0.015). In Cox's multivariate analysis, podoplanin‐positive status in CAFs had the most significant effect on shorter DFS [hazard ratio (HR) = 4.411, P = 0.004], followed by the presence of high‐grade components (HR = 3.581, P = 0.013).ConclusionsPodoplanin expression in CAFs could be an independent predictor of increased risk of recurrence in patients with p‐stage IA lung adenocarcinoma.
Advanced vitreoretinal surgery
Authors: Koch P. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryTitle: Tips and tricks to manage complications in retinal detachment surgeryIntroductionRetinal detachment surgery can remain a tricky surgery that associates with different kind of complications. It is interesting to observe that our success rate did not increase so much in the literature since the 1940's, remaining between 80 and 90% as a whole.MethodsWe will therefore try to understand why complications arises in retinal detachment to figure out how to reduce it and thus increase our success rate. Since glaucomatous problems are a relevant complication of retinal detachment treated by silicon oil, we will identify how to reduce intra‐ocular pressure problems related to silicon oil use. In the same way, with the advent of heavy liquids like PFCL to stabilize the retina during surgery, we will try to understand how to work properly with PFCL or fix related complications. In a final step, we will examine the causes of macular pucker and recurrences of retinal detachment to enhance our success rate through different methods.ConclusionThis session will be organized around theories commonly accepted in the literature and multiple videos to demonstrate tips and tricks to manage complications in retinal detachment surgery.
Low expression of SEMA6C accelerates the primordial follicle activation in the neonatal mouse ovary
Authors: Zhou Su , Yan Wei , Shen Wei , Cheng Jing , Xi Yueyue , Yuan Suzhen , Fu Fangfang , Ding Ting , Luo Aiyue , Wang Shixuan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe primordial follicle assembly, activation and the subsequent development are critical processes for female reproduction. A limited number of primordial follicles are activated to enter the growing follicle pool each wave, and the primordial follicle pool progressively diminishes over a woman's life‐time. The number of remaining primordial follicles represents the ovarian reserve. Identification and functional investigation of the factors involved in follicular initial recruitment will be of great significance to the understanding of the female reproduction process and ovarian ageing. In this study, we aimed to study whether and how semaphorin 6C (Sema6c) regulated the primordial follicle activation in the neonatal mouse ovary. The attenuation of SEMA6C expression by SiRNA accelerated the primordial follicle activation in the in vitro ovary culture system. PI3K‐AKT‐rpS6 pathway was activated when SEMA6C expression was down‐regulated. And the LY294002 could reverse the effect of low SEMA6C expression on primordial follicle activation. Our findings revealed that Sema6c was involved in the activation of primordial follicles, and the down‐regulation of SEMA6C led to massive primordial follicle activation by interacting with the PI3K‐AKT‐rpS6 pathway, which might also provide valuable information for understanding premature ovarian failure and ovarian ageing.
Quartz and orthopyroxene exsolution lamellae in clinopyroxene and the metamorphic P–T path of Belomorian eclogites
Authors: Li Xiaoli , Zhang Lifei , Wei Chunjing , Slabunov Alexander I. , Bader Thomas 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThe Shirokaya Salma eclogite‐bearing complex is located in the Archean–Palaeoproterozoic Belomorian Province (Russia). Its eclogites and eclogitic rocks show multiple clinopyroxene breakdown textures, characterized by quartz–amphibole, orthopyroxene and plagioclase lamellae. Representative samples, a fresh eclogite, two partly retrograded eclogites, and a strongly retrograded eclogitic rock, were collected for this study. Two distinct mineral assemblages—(1) omphacite+garnet+quartz+rutile±amphibole and (2) clinopyroxene+garnet+amphibole+plagioclase+quartz+rutile+ilmenite±orthopyroxene—are described. Based on phase equilibria modelling, these assemblages correspond to the eclogite and granulite facies metamorphism that occurred at 16–18 kbar, 750–800°C and 11–15 kbar, 820–850°C, respectively. The quartz–amphibole lamellae in clinopyroxene formed during retrogression with water ingress, but do not imply UHP metamorphism. The superfine orthopyroxene lamellae developed due to breakdown of an antecedent clinopyroxene (omphacite) during retrogression that was triggered by decompression from the peak of metamorphism, while the coarser orthopyroxene grains and rods formed afterwards. The P–T path reconstructed for the Shirokaya Salma eclogites is comparable to that of the adjacent 1.9 Ga Uzkaya Salma eclogite (Belomorian Province), and those of several other Palaeoproterozoic high‐grade metamorphic terranes worldwide, facts allowing us to debate the exact timing of eclogite facies metamorphism in the Belomorian Province.
The relationship between psychiatric patients’ caregiver burden and anger expression styles
Authors: Yıldırım Serap , Akyüz Özge , Engin Esra , Gültekin Kadriye 
Published: September 2017

Aims and objectivesTo examine the relationship between psychiatric patients’ caregiver burden and anger expression styles.BackgroundIn the caregiving process, when coping with problems, caregivers may exhibit emotional and behavioural responses, which can produce distressful results. One of these responses is angry. Examining the relationship between psychiatric patients’ caregiver burden and caregivers’ anger expression styles is necessary for quality of care.DesignA descriptive and relational study.MethodsThe sample for study included 60 family caregivers who were stayed with patient in psychiatry clinic during the treatment of inpatient setting of a university hospital. Data for the study were collected using the Caregiver Burden Inventory and the Trait Anger and Anger Expression Scale. The analysis of variance, Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis and Pearson correlation analysis were used.ResultsThe caregivers’ Caregiver Burden Inventory score was found to be 24.60 ± 1.57. Gender, working status, level of intimacy with patient, status of whether or not caregiver was living with patient and status of whether or not caregiver experienced difficulties in providing care had a significant effect on the Caregiver Burden Inventory scale as a whole, as well as its subscales. This study found a positive relationship between caregiver burden and caregivers’ anger expression styles (p < .05, p < .01).ConclusionThe total Caregiver Burden Inventory mean score of caregivers was concluded to be low, with some introductory characteristics and anger expression styles having an impact on the burden experienced by caregivers.Relevance to clinical practiceKnowing the anger expression styles of caregivers is important for reducing caregiver burden and improving quality of care.
Effects of a nurse‐led transitional care programme on readmission, self‐efficacy to implement health‐promoting behaviours, functional status and life quality among Chinese patients with coronary artery disease: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Pan , Xing Feng‐Mei , Li Chang‐Zai , Wang Feng‐Lan , Zhang Xiao‐Li 
Published: September 2017

Aims and objectivesTo examine the effectiveness of a nurse‐led transitional care programme on readmission, self‐efficacy to implement health‐promoting behaviours, functional status and life quality among Chinese patients with coronary artery disease.BackgroundCoronary artery disease is a major cause of mortality in China. Transitional care could help to ensure improved patient outcomes. Nevertheless, our knowledge of how to perform transitional care for patients with coronary artery disease is insufficient in mainland China.DesignRandomised controlled trial.MethodsThe nurse‐led transitional care intervention in the experimental group adopted the Omaha system and Pender's health‐promoting model as its frameworks. The control group received a comparable length routine care and follow‐up contacts. Evaluations were conducted at baseline before discharge and after 7 months after discharge using hospital readmission rate, self‐rated abilities for health practices scale and Seattle Angina Questionnaire for functional status and life quality. Data were collected between March 2014–October 2014.ResultsCompared with the control group, participants in the experimental group showed greater self‐efficacy to implement health‐promoting behaviours, more angina stability, less angina frequency, more satisfaction with treatment and better quality of life. The difference in readmission rate and physical limitations was not significant between the two groups.ConclusionThis study provides evidence for the effectiveness of a nurse‐led transitional care programme in improving the ability to implement health‐promoting behaviours, the functional status and life quality among Chinese patients with coronary artery disease.Relevance to clinical practiceThe nurse‐led transitional care programme is helpful for coronary artery disease patients to promote their effective transfer from hospital to community and provide an evidence for nursing managers to train their nurses for transitional care knowledge and skills.
Effects of nurse‐led clinical pathway in coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Kebapcı Ayda , Kanan Nevin 
Published: September 2017

Aims and objectivesTo develop and evaluate the effects of a nurse‐led clinical pathway for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery.BackgroundA clinical pathway is a multidisciplinary care plan, based on evidence and guidelines to provide consistent, quality care to patients and improve outcomes.DesignProspective, quasi‐experimental design.MethodsPatients hospitalised for coronary artery bypass graft between April 2014–November 2015 in a hospital in Turkey were studied. First 42 usual care patients were enrolled to determine outcomes and plan for the development of the clinical pathway followed by 40 patients in the newly developed clinical pathway. The primary outcome was length of stay and secondary outcomes related to recovery from surgery (e.g., time to extubation, first feeding).ResultsThe mean age for the clinical pathway group was 60 and for usual care was 63 years. Most were male (CP = 78%, UC = 69%). There were significant differences between groups for the primary outcome. Length of stay in the intensive care unit was 38.9 hr for CP and 50.7 hr for usual care patients p < .01. Total hospital time was 144.4 hr for clinical pathway and 162.2 hr for usual care, p < .05. For secondary measures, the following times were less for the clinical pathway group than for the usual care: time to extubation and nasogastric tube removal (5.7 vs. 8.6 hr, p < .01), first oral feeding (4.7 vs. 10.9 hr, p < .001), first mobilisation (8.4 vs. 22.9 hr, p < .001) and first bowel movement (69.8 vs. 85.9 hr, p < .01). There were no statistically significant differences in the 3‐month readmission rates and complication rates between the groups, except the renal complication rates were higher in the usual care (n = 16, 38%) than in the clinical pathway (n = 7, 17.5%) (p < .05).ConclusionThe nurse‐led clinical pathway was effective in improving length of stay in both the ICU and hospital as well as the secondary outcomes.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study contributes to previous studies supporting clinical pathway use can improve the length of stay and quality of care in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery.