bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis mimicking a flare of systemic lupus erythematosus: a European case report
Authors: van Doorn-Schepens M. L. M. , Peters E. J. , van Vugt R. M. , van der Spoel J. I. , van Dijk K. 
Published: April 2016

Introduction:
Diagnosing progressive disseminated histoplasmosis (PDH) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is diagnostically challenging. Since PDH is lethal when untreated, awareness of this infection in patients with SLE is of utmost importance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of a case of PDH in a patient with SLE in Europe.

Case presentation:
A 56-year-old woman of Surinamese descent with a history of SLE, presented with fever and polyarthritis. Although a flare of SLE was suspected initially, cultures of bone marrow and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid grew Histoplasma capsulatum.

Conclusion:
This case report highlights that physicians should be aware of progressive disseminated histoplasmosis in patients with SLE treated with immunosuppressive agents. The signs and symptoms can easily mimic a SLE flare, which would then be treated with more aggressive immunosuppression. Failure to recognize the infection will therefore invariably lead to death of the patient. Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis is usually not recognized by doctors in non-endemic areas such as Europe. However, globalisation and more frequent intercontinental traffic of immunocompromised patients currently increases the incidence of histoplasmosis in these areas. It is therefore of life-saving importance that doctors are aware of the features of the infection in areas where H. capsulatum is not endemic.
Understanding properties of the master effector of phage shock operon inMycobacterium tuberculosisvia bioinformatics approach
Authors: Basharat Zarrin , Yasmin Azra 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe phage shock protein (Psp) is a part of the Psp operon, which assists in safeguarding the survival of bacterium in stress and shields the cell against proton motif force challenge. It is strongly induced by bacterium allied phages, improperly localized mutant porins and various other stresses. Master effector of the operon, PspA has been modeled and simulated, illustrating how it undergoes significant conformational transition at the far end inMycobacterium tuberculosis. Association of this key protein of the operon influences action of Psp system on the whole. We are further working on the impact of phosphorylation perturbation and changes in the structure of PspA during complex formation with other moieties of interest.
Genome-wide analyses of self-reported empathy: correlations with autism, schizophrenia, and anorexia nervosa
Authors: Warrier Varun , Toro Roberto , Chakrabarti Bhismadev ,   the iPSYCH-Broad autism group, Børglum Anders D , Grove Jakob ,   the 23andMe Research Team, Hinds David A. , Bourgeron Thomas , Baron-Cohen Simon 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEmpathy is the ability to recognize and respond to the emotional states of other individuals. It is an important psychological process that facilitates navigating social interactions and maintaining relationships, which are important for wellbeing. Several psychological studies have identified difficulties in both self-report and performance-based measures of empathy in a range of psychiatric conditions. To date, no study has systematically investigated the genetic architecture of empathy using genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Here we report the results of the largest GWAS of empathy to date using a well-validated self-report measure of empathy, the Empathy Quotient (EQ), in 46,861 research participants from 23andMe, Inc. We identify 11 suggestive loci (P < 1×10-6), though none were significant at P < 2.5×10-8after correcting for multiple testing. The most significant SNP was identified in the non-stratified analysis (rs4882760; P = 4.29×10-8), and is an intronic SNP inTMEM132C.The EQ had a modest but significant narrow-sense heritability (0.11±0.014; P = 1.7×10-14). As predicted, based on earlier work, we confirmed a significant female-advantage on the EQ (P < 2×10-16Cohen’s d = 0.65). We identified similar SNP heritability and high genetic correlation between the sexes. Also, as predicted, we identified a significant negative genetic correlation between autism and the EQ (rg= -0.27±0.07, P = 1.63×10-4). We also identified a significant positive genetic correlation between the EQ and risk for schizophrenia (rg= 0.19±0.04; P= 1.36×10-5), risk for anorexia nervosa (rg= 0.32±0.09; P = 6×10-4), and extraversion (rg= 0.45±0.08; 5.7×10-8). This is the first GWAS of self-reported empathy. The results suggest that the genetic variations associated with empathy also play a role in psychiatric conditions and psychological traits.
How life history can sway the fixation probability of mutants
Authors: Li Xiang-Yi , Kurokawa Shun , Giaimo Stefano , Traulsen Arne 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this work, we study the effects of demographic structure on evolutionary dynamics, when selection acts on reproduction, survival, or both. In contrast with the previously discovered pattern that the fixation probability of a neutral mutant decreases while population becomes younger, we show that a mutant with constant selective advantage may have a maximum or a minimum of the fixation probability in populations with an intermediate fraction of young individuals. This highlights the importance of life history and demographic structure in studying evolutionary dynamics. We also illustrate the fundamental differences between selection on reproduction and on survival when age structure is present. In addition, we evaluate the relative importance of size and structure of the population in determining the fixation probability of the mutant. Our work lays the foundation for studying also density and frequency dependent effects in populations when demographic structures cannot be neglected.
Awakening giants? The politically contested modification of institutional investors
Authors: Kallifatides Markus , Nachemson-Ekwall Sophie 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to offer a political perspective on modifications in corporate governance regulation. In the wake of the financial crisis, the investment rationale of institutional investors is being pushed away from a focus on financial market liquidity and short-term trading. From a political perspective, this modification entails consideration both of investment horizon and of the definition of corporate value.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper narrates the historical policy debate on institutional investors as corporate governors. Building on this point, a conceptual framework is developed to further the understanding of the current shifts in policy debate of institutional investors as governors.

Findings
The authors find a strong policy impetus to move away from certain liberal market assumptions of efficient financial markets and the positive effects of privatization, toward viewing markets as institutionally embedded. Based on their knowledge of corporate governance regimes’ political economy, the authors argue that this shift brings intensified engagement of institutional investors in corporate affairs. The reasons for why and how this might be politically contested are specified. In conclusion, propositions regarding the outcome of such contestation in different national corporate governance regimes are offered.

Originality/value
Pointing to the predominantly European stakeholder value versus shareholder value discussion, the authors claim that the corporate governance policy debate related to intensified engagement of institutional investors in corporate affairs is still in its infancy. Their political perspective, including propositions for further elaboration, offers a contribution to further academic debate.
Predictors of customer loyalty in the Pakistani banking industry: a moderated-mediation study
Authors: Saleem Muhammad Abid , Zahra Sadaf , Ahmad Rashid , Ismail Hina 
Published: April 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to develop an original framework to explore the effects of social influence (SI), market orientation (MO) and service quality (SQ) with moderating effect of emotional intelligence (EI) on customer loyalty (CL) and to discuss the mediational role of customer satisfaction.Design/methodology/approach– This study applies six original concepts – SI, MO, SQ, EI, customer satisfaction to develop an integral model to enhance CL. In addition, this research employs an empirical study by means of the questionnaire survey method to verify the hypotheses and to explore its managerial implications. Structural equation modeling has been applied to verify the research framework.Findings– The empirical results show that MO, SI and SQ significantly affect CL with presence of customer satisfaction as a mediator. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that the direct relationships between MO and SI on CL are not supported. However indirect paths present full mediation except in case of SQ where mediation was partial. Moreover, EI was found to enhance the partially mediated relationship between SQ and CL with mediational role customer satisfaction. Hence, banks should invest resources to increase MO, SI and SQ to increase customer satisfaction and CL.Originality/value– This study summarizes the literature on customer satisfaction and relationship marketing into a new managerial framework of CL. It utilizes new arrangement of four construct – SI, MO, and SQ with EI – to develop an original framework to enhance CL. Although past research has highlighted the relevant issues about CL, none explores it with MO and moderating role of EI on SQ. Therefore, this paper develops the research framework of CL to fill the research gap specifically in Pakistani context.
Evaluating competing public policy approaches towards the informal economy
Authors: Williams Colin C , Horodnic Ioana Alexandra , Burkinshaw Lynda 
Published: April 2016

Purpose– Conventionally, participation in the informal economy has been explained by viewing citizens as rational economic actors participating when the pay-off is greater than the expected cost of being caught and punished, and thus tackled by raising the sanctions and risks of detection. Given that many citizens do not engage even when the benefits outweigh the costs, a new social actor approach has begun to emerge which explains the informal economy as arising when tax morality is low and seeks to foster commitment to compliance. The purpose of this paper is to provide an evidence-based evaluation of these competing policy approaches.Design/methodology/approach– To do so, the results are reported of 1,306 face-to-face interviews undertaken during 2013 in the UK.Findings– The finding is that raising the sanctions and risks of detection has no significant impact on the likelihood of participation in the informal sector. However, participation in the informal economy is significantly associated with tax morality. Indeed, the only time that increasing the sanctions and risks of detection reduces the level of participation in the informal economy is amongst citizens with very low tax morality.Practical implications– Rather than continue with the current rational economic actor approach of increasing the penalties and risks of detection, this case study of the UK reveals that a new policy approach is required that seeks to improve tax morality by introducing measures to reduce the acceptability of participating in the informal economy. Whether this is more widely applicable now needs to be tested, given the dominance throughout the world of this punitive rational economic actor approach.Originality/value– This paper provides evidence supporting a new social actor approach towards explaining and tackling participation in the informal economy.
Bank market power and firm creation: a multi-country analysis
Authors: Agostino Mariarosaria , Trivieri Francesco 
Published: April 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between bank market power and firm creation, which represents a debated issue in the economic literature, still lacking empirical evidence.Design/methodology/approach– The analysis is carried out by taking an international perspective, using different measures of banking competition, and controlling for a large set of determinants suggested by the variegate literature on firms’ birth drivers.Findings– The main finding suggests that credit market competition may benefit firms’ creation, as the relationship between the latter and bank market power – when statistically significant – appears to be negative. In addition, the detrimental impact of market power appears greater (in absolute terms) when departing from higher levels of banking competition.Research limitations/implications– The empirical evidence seems supporting the competitive position in the debate on the role of banking competition. Furthermore, the authors reckon that the findings reinforce the belief of a crucial role played by the availability of funds for nascent firms, with evident implications for the policy strategies more appropriate to foster entrepreneurship. The “fashion” followed by several countries of lowering administrative entry barriers (van Stelet al., 2007) needs to be reappraised, pondering also means to enrich resources availability.Originality/value– To the best of the knowledge, the paper is the first one addressing the issue of the role of bank market structure on firms’ creation in a multi-country setting.
International organizational performance
Authors: Cegarra Navarro Juan Gabriel , Eldridge Stephen , Wandosell Gonzalo 
Published: April 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to analyse the relationships between congenital learning (CL) and realized absorptive capacity (RACAP) and tries to identify whether absorptive capacity impacts on international organizational performance (IOP) in today’s global business environment.Design/methodology/approach– The research model and hypothesized relationships are empirically tested using the structural equation modelling approach, validated by factor analysis of 128 small medium enterprises (SMEs) in the UK telecommunications sector.Findings– The findings suggest that, in order to achieve higher levels of RACAP, managers need to create and support a CL process. Furthermore, if an SME does not achieve the required RACAP then IOP is likely to deteriorate.Originality/value– SMEs need to provide and support a learning process, which is customized and based on three sub-processes: first, the framework for transferring knowledge; second, the framework for transforming knowledge; and third, an open organizational context. Based on these results, transferring and transforming are important sub-processes but are not sufficient for updating congenital knowledge.
Factors influencing the fund raising process for innovative new ventures: an empirical study
Authors: Talaia Marco , Pisoni Alessia , Onetti Alberto 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors that influence the fund raising ability of innovative new ventures/startups.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors investigate a data set composed of 108 Italian innovative new ventures. Specifically, the authors run a Tobit regression model linking the amount of equity raised by the company to the human capital of the company. The authors focussed the analysis on the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the new company, who usually is a founder and, in the early stages, the most charismatic figure.

Findings
– The analysis shows a significant relationship between the ability of a startup to raise funds and the level of education of the CEO. The findings suggest that this causal relation is even stronger as the CEO holds an MBA.

Research limitations/implications
– The results of our empirical study provide further insights about the characteristics of the CEO that mostly impact on fund raising ability of the new ventures. The results are limited to startups founded by Italian entrepreneurs. A cross-country comparison will represent the natural prosecution of our research.

Practical implications
– The study provides important implications for researchers and practitioners who are interested in understanding the fundamentals of the fund raising process for innovative startups. Moreover, these findings may also be helpful for policy makers in better understanding the factors potentially influencing the Italian startup ecosystem.

Originality/value
– The paper sheds light on the factors affecting the fund raising process of innovative new ventures in the early stage of the company’s life cycle. Specifically, it is one of the few study focussing on the profile/background of the CEO in early-stage companies.
Factors contributing to the early failure of small new charity start-ups
Authors: Bennett Roger 
Published: April 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to establish the main causes of early failure of small recently established fundraising charities.Design/methodology/approach– Heads and ex-heads of small recently established British charities that had either shut down within two years of registration with the Charity Commission or had survived for two years following registration were surveyed to determine the sorts of issue they believed were particularly problematic at the time their charities were formed or shortly thereafter. The research combined ideas from human capital theory, organisational ecology, and the survivor principle to investigate the mortality of new charity start-ups. Information was obtained from the ex-heads of 182 charities that had been removed from the Charity Commission’s register and from 356 heads of charities that were still in operation.Findings– Participants in both groups reported that they had experienced major difficulties relating to funding, the development of plans, lack of marketing and management skills, and personal workload. Differences between the groups emerged with respect to their perceptions of problems involving competition from other charities (both for donations and for clients), internal conflict within their organisations, networking, and the need for background research. Start-ups run by people with prior experience of working in charities had a significantly better chance of survival than start-ups managed by individuals lacking such experience.Research limitations/implications– The data used in the investigation were self-reported and less than a majority of the sampling frame participated in the study.Practical implications– Prospective founders of small new charities need to recognise competitive realities and the competencies required for success before commencing operations. Government and nonprofit support organisations should arrange short work experience placements and shadowing activities for individuals contemplating starting a new charity.Originality/value– This was the first research ever to examine reasons for small enterprise collapse within the nonprofit domain.
Leveraged ETF option strategies
Authors: Trainor William , Gregory Richard 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
– Leveraged exchange traded funds (ETFs) have become increasingly popular since their introduction in 2006. In recent years, options on leveraged ETFs have been promoted as a means of enhancing returns and reducing risk. The purpose of this paper is to examine the interchangeability of S
&
P 500 ETF options with leveraged S
&
P 500 ETF options and to what extent these options allow investors to manage their risk exposure.

Design/methodology/approach
– With increasing liquidity for these fund’s options, simple option strategies such as covered calls and protective puts can be implemented. This study derives call-call and put-put parity between options on the underlying index and the associated leveraged ETFs. The paper examines comparative measures of return and risk on the underlying indices, along with covered call and protective put positions.

Findings
– Using the formulations derived, this study shows options on non-leveraged ETFs or on the underlying index can be substituted for leveraged ETF options. Empirical results suggest substituting options on leveraged ETFs with options on the underlying index or index ETF give comparable results, but can differ as the realized leverage ratio over time differs from projected values.

Originality/value
– This study is the first to the authors’ knowledge that investigates option strategies on leveraged and inverse ETFs of equity indices. It is also the first to derive call-call and put-put parity relations between options on ETFs and related leveraged and inverse ETFs. The results contribute to securities issuance, investment strategies, and option parity relations.
Regression Analysis of Case K Interval-Censored Failure Time Data in the Presence of Informative Censoring
Authors: Wang Peijie , Zhao Hui , Sun Jianguo 
Published: April 2016

Summary
Interval-censored failure time data occur in many fields such as demography, economics, medical research, and reliability and many inference procedures on them have been developed (Sun, 2006; Chen, Sun, and Peace, 2012). However, most of the existing approaches assume that the mechanism that yields interval censoring is independent of the failure time of interest and it is clear that this may not be true in practice (Zhang et al., 2007; Ma, Hu, and Sun, 2015). In this article, we consider regression analysis of case K interval-censored failure time data when the censoring mechanism may be related to the failure time of interest. For the problem, an estimated sieve maximum-likelihood approach is proposed for the data arising from the proportional hazards frailty model and for estimation, a two-step procedure is presented. In the addition, the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators of regression parameters are established and an extensive simulation study suggests that the method works well. Finally, we apply the method to a set of real interval-censored data that motivated this study.