bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promoting social and emotional well-being in schools
Authors: Barry Margaret M. , Clarke Aleisha Mary , Dowling Katherine 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical perspective on the international evidence on promoting young people’s social and emotional well-being in schools. The challenges of integrating evidence-based interventions within schools are discussed and the need for innovative approaches to research and practice are considered in order to support more sustainable approaches that can be embedded into the everyday practice of school systems.

Design/methodology/approach
A common elements approach to intervention development and implementation is explored. A case study is presented on piloting this approach with post-primary students, based on consultations with students and teachers concerning their needs in supporting youth social and emotional well-being.

Findings
The integration and sustainability of evidence-based social and emotional skills programmes within the context of whole school systems is far from clearly established. Research on the use of a common elements approach to evidence-based treatment and youth prevention programmes is presented and the application of this method to the development and implementation of social and emotional learning interventions is considered. Preliminary case study findings are presented exploring this approach in school-based intervention development for post-primary school students.

Research limitations/implications
The potential of adopting a common elements approach is considered; however, more rigorous research is needed to identify the most potent strategies for social and emotional skills development.

Originality/value
Identifying a common set of evidence-based strategies for enhancing adolescents’ social and emotional skills could lead to innovative approaches to intervention delivery that would extend the impact and reach of evidence-based practice across diverse educational systems and school settings.
Principal workload
Authors: Oplatka Izhar 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
In order to fill the gap in theoretical and empirical knowledge about the characteristics of principal workload, the purpose of this paper is to explore the components of principal workload as well as its determinants and the coping strategies commonly used by principals to face this personal state.

Design/methodology/approach
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 50 principals, all from the elementary and secondary educational systems of Israel. The analysis followed the principles of qualitative research.

Findings
Four subjectively held constructs of principal workload, main sources of this workload, and the key strategies used by principals to face this workload were found in this study.

Practical implications
It is recommended to strengthen school autonomy, increase the number of positions of middle management, prepare future principals for the heavy workload, and encourage supportive superiors who are sensitive to this issue.

Originality/value
This study fills the gap in theoretical knowledge concerning principal workload, assuming that the particular characteristics of the school organization have some unique impact on this personal state. It also enables us to identify the types of this personal state occurring in educational organizations from the subjective perspectives of school members and stakeholders, thereby broadening the understanding of employee workload in various settings, including educational arenas.
Modeling structures in fire with SAFIR®: theoretical background and capabilities
Authors: Franssen Jean-Marc , Gernay Thomas 
Published: June 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to describe the theoretical background and main hypotheses at the basis of SAFIR®, a nonlinear finite element software for modeling structures in fire. The paper also explains how to use the software at its full extent. The discussed numerical modeling principles can be applied with other similar software.Design/methodology/approachFollowing a general overview of the organization of the software, the thermal analysis part is explained, with the basic equations and the different possibilities to apply thermal boundary conditions (compartment fire, localized fire, etc.). Next, the mechanical analysis part is detailed, including the time integration procedures and the different types of finite elements: beam, truss, shell, spring and solid. Finally, the material laws are described. The software capabilities and limitations are discussed throughout the paper.FindingsBy accommodating multiple types of finite elements and materials, by allowing the user to consider virtually any section type and to input the fire attack in multiple forms, the software SAFIR®is a comprehensive tool for investigating the behavior of structures in the fire situation. Meanwhile, being developed exclusively for its well-defined field of application, it remains relatively easy to use.Originality valueThe paper will improve the knowledge of readers (researchers, designers and authorities) about numerical modeling used in structural fire engineering in general and the capabilities of a particular software largely used in the fire engineering community.
Identifying environmental drivers of greenhouse gas emissions under warming and reduced rainfall in boreal–temperate forests
Authors: Martins Catarina S. C. , Nazaries Loïc , Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel , Macdonald Catriona A. , Anderson Ian C. , Hobbie Sarah E. , Venterea Rodney T. , Reich Peter B. , Singh Brajesh K. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are predicted to increase as a consequence of fossil fuel emissions and the impact on biosphere–atmosphere interactions. Forest ecosystems in general, and forest soils in particular, can be sinks or sources for CO2, CH4, and N2O. Environmental studies traditionally target soil temperature and moisture as the main predictors of soil greenhouse gas (GHG) flux from different ecosystems; however, these emissions are primarily biologically driven. Thus, little is known about the degree of regulation by soil biotic vs. abiotic factors on GHG emissions, particularly under predicted increase in global temperatures, and changes in intensity and frequency of precipitation events.

Here we measured net CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes after 5 years of experimental warming (+3.4°C), and 2 years of ≈45% summer rainfall reduction, in two forest sites in a boreal–temperate ecotone under different habitat conditions (closed or open canopy) in Minnesota, USA. We evaluated the importance of microbial gene abundance and climo‐edaphic factors (soil texture, canopy, seasonality, climate, and soil physicochemical properties) driving GHG emissions.

We found that changes in CO2 fluxes were predominantly determined abiotically by temperature and moisture, after accounting for bacterial abundance. Methane fluxes on the other hand, were determined both abiotically, by gas diffusivity (via soil texture) and microbially, by methanotroph pmoA gene abundance, whereas, N2O emissions showed only a strong biotic regulation via ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria amoA gene abundance. Warming did not significantly alter CO2 and CH4 fluxes after 5 years of manipulation, while N2O emissions were greater with warming under open canopy.

Our findings provide evidence that soil GHG emissions result from multiple direct and indirect interactions of microbial and abiotic drivers. Overall, this study highlights the need to include both microbial and climo‐edaphic properties in predictive models in order to provide improved mechanistic understanding for the development of future mitigation strategies.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Controlling cyanobacterial harmful blooms in freshwater ecosystems
Authors: Paerl Hans W. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryCyanobacteria's long evolutionary history has enabled them to adapt to geochemical and climatic changes, and more recent human and climatic modifications of aquatic ecosystems, including nutrient over‐enrichment, hydrologic modifications, and global warming. Harmful (toxic, hypoxia‐generating, food web altering) cyanobacterial bloom (CyanoHAB) genera are controlled by the synergistic effects of nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) supplies, light, temperature, water residence/flushing times, and biotic interactions. Accordingly, mitigation strategies are focused on manipulating these dynamic factors. Strategies based on physical, chemical (algaecide) and biological manipulations can be effective in reducing CyanoHABs. However, these strategies should invariably be accompanied by nutrient (both nitrogen and phosphorus in most cases) input reductions to ensure long‐term success and sustainability. While the applicability and feasibility of various controls and management approaches is focused on freshwater ecosystems, they will also be applicable to estuarine and coastal ecosystems. In order to ensure long‐term control of CyanoHABs, these strategies should be adaptive to climatic variability and change, because nutrient‐CyanoHAB thresholds will likely be altered in a climatically more‐extreme world.
Discussion of “The Psychology of Billing”
Authors: Falsetta Diana , Kaplan Steven E. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHansen, Jackson, Schaefer, and Stewart (2018) examine the effects of three contextual features on tax professionals’ billing decisions in a case involving issue‐specific tax research. In this discussion, we present a tax fee model. In contrast to determining a bill, our model views tax fees in a more comprehensive perspective. We subsequently use this model to discuss the design choices and limitations of their study and to provide suggestions for future research.
Root proliferation strategies and exploration of soil patchiness in arid communities
Authors: Reyes Maria Fernanda , Aguiar Martín Roberto 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSoil patchiness is a key feature of arid rangelands. As root proliferation contributes to soil exploration and resource uptake, it is ecologically relevant to understand how species respond to soil heterogeneity and coexist. Campbell et al.'s influential 1991 hypothesis proposes that dominant species deploy root systems (scale) that maximize soil volume explored. Instead, subordinate species show accurate root systems that exclusively proliferate in nutrient‐rich patches (precision). After many experiments under controlled conditions, the generality of this hypothesis has been questioned but a field perspective is necessary to increase realism in the conceptual framework. We worked with a guild of perennial graminoid species inside a grazing exclosure in an arid Patagonian steppe, a model system for ecological studies in arid rangelands for four decades. We buried root traps in bare ground patches with sieved soil, with or without a pulse of nitrogen addition, to measure specific root biomass and precision at 6 and 18 months after burial. We also estimated scale (root density) in naturally established plants, and root decomposition in litter bags. Several species grew in root traps. Dominant species showed the highest root biomass (in both harvests) and scale. Subordinate species grew more frequently with nitrogen addition and showed lower biomass and scale. Similar total root biomass was found with and without nitrogen addition. Species differed in root decomposition, but correcting species biomass by decomposition did not change our conclusions. We did not find a relation between scale and precision, indicating that Campbell's hypothesis is probably not supported in this Patagonian steppe. Soil resource acquisition differences probably do not utterly explain the coexistence of dominant and subordinate species because the steppe is also affected by large herbivore grazing. We propose that root proliferation in this steppe is the result of the interaction between individual density in the community and specific root growth rates.
An investigation of the relationship between recurrent spontaneous abortion and memory T follicular helper cells
Authors: Luan Xiaorui , Kang Xiaomin , Li Weiping , Dong Qian 
Published: June 2017

ProblemImmune tolerance with respect to a semi‐allogeneic fetus plays a key role in the establishment of a pregnancy. Memory T follicular helper (Tfh) cells have a central role in the regulation of the adaptive immune response. Much of our knowledge of memory Tfh cells’ function comes from immune‐related diseases. However, the true physiological characteristics of memory Tfh cells and their mode of action in pregnancy remain unclear.Methods of studyDeciduas and blood were obtained from 25 recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) patients undergoing surgical abortion and 19 normal women in early pregnancy undergoing elective termination. RSA patients were grouped into antibody‐positive patients and antibody‐negative patients, respectively. The memory Tfh cells with the CD4+CXCR5+PD1+CCR7− and CD4+CXCR5+PD‐1+ICOS+ phenotypes were assessed by flow cytometry. The B cells were evaluated by flow cytometry. A correlation analysis of the subsets of memory Tfh cells and B cells in antibody‐positive RSA patients was made by the Pearson test.ResultsMemory Tfh cells with the CD4+CXCR5+PD1+CCR7− and CD4+CXCR5+PD‐1+ICOS+ phenotypes showed a significant increase in RSA patients compared to women with a normal pregnancy who had chosen termination. When RSA patients were grouped according positive or negative antibodies, it was surprising to find that decidual CD4+CXCR5+PD‐1+ICOS+ memory Tfh cells significantly increased in RSA patients with positive antibody compared to RSA patients with negative antibody. However, the percentages of CD4+CXCR5+PD1+CCR7− memory Tfh cells did not change in the deciduas of the two groups. Circulating and decidual B cells significantly increased in antibody‐positive RSA patients compared with antibody‐negative RSA patients. Correlation analysis indicated a strong association between the decidual CD4+CXCR5+ PD‐1+ ICOS+ memory Tfh cells and B cells in antibody‐positive RSA patients.ConclusionThese new findings provide unique insights into memory Tfh cells in mediating feto‐maternal immune tolerance.
Exploring the use of drug trend data in the regional alcohol and other drug workforce
Authors: Dunn Matthew , Henshaw Richard 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveDrug trend data can inform appropriate policies to minimise drug‐related harm, as well as assist in early detection and prevention. While Australia has a number of monitoring systems, none operate in regional areas. The aim of this study was to explore how drug trend and other data are used by the regional alcohol and other drug workforce.MethodTwenty‐one key experts from regional Queensland were interviewed between November 2014 and August 2015. Key experts worked in or had contact with the broader alcohol and other drugs field in the Darling Downs area of Queensland. Interviews were analysed thematically.SettingDarling Downs, Queensland.ResultsTwo themes emerged from the analysis. There were differences in workforce needs, with those in the law and criminal justice areas believing they had access to good, current data. Those in the health sector differed, although the majority indicated that there did appear to be a knowledge gap related to their location in a regional area.ConclusionsTrends in the use of, and harms related to, substance use are well captured in urban areas, but less so in regional areas. This inhibits both our understanding of where substance use is changing, as well as how to best plan and respond.
The cost‐effectiveness of three interventions for providing preventive services to low‐income children
Authors: Johnson Ben , Serban Nicoleta , Griffin Paul M. , Tomar Scott L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveWe evaluated the impact of loan repayment programmes, revising Medicaid fee‐for‐service rates, and changing dental hygienist supervision requirements on access to preventive dental care for children in Georgia.MethodsWe estimated cost savings from the three interventions of preventive care for young children after netting out the intervention cost. We used a regression model to evaluate the impact of changing the Medicaid reimbursement rates. The impact of supervision was evaluated by comparing general and direct supervision in school‐based dental sealant programmes.ResultsFederal loan repayments to dentists and school‐based sealant programmes (SBSPs) had lower intervention costs (with higher potential cost savings) than raising the Medicaid reimbursement rate. General supervision had costs 56% lower than direct supervision of dental hygienists for implementing a SBSP. Raising the Medicaid reimbursement rate by 10 percentage points would improve utilization by <1% and cost over $38 million. Given one parameter set, SBSPs could serve over 27 000 children with an intervention cost between $500 000 and $1.3 million with a potential cost saving of $1.1 million. Loan repayment could serve almost 13 000 children for a cost of $400 000 and a potential cost saving of $176 000.ConclusionsThe three interventions all improved met need for preventive dental care. Raising the reimbursement rate alone would marginally affect utilization of Medicaid services but would not substantially increase acceptance of Medicaid by providers. Both loan repayment programmes and amending supervision requirements are potentially cost‐saving interventions. Loan repayment programmes provide complete care to targeted areas, while amending supervision requirements of dental hygienists could provide preventive care across the state.
Calcineurin inhibitors exacerbate coronary arteritis via the MyD88 signalling pathway in a murine model of Kawasaki disease
Authors: Murata K , Motomura Y , Tanaka T , Kanno S , Yano T , Onimaru M , Shimoyama A , Nishio H , Sakai Y , Oh-Hora M , Hara H , Fukase K , Takada H , Masuda S , Ohga S , Yamasaki S , Hara T 
Published: June 2017

SummaryCalcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) have been used off-label for the treatment of refractory Kawasaki disease (KD). However, it remains unknown whether CNIs show protective effects against the development of coronary artery lesions in KD patients. To investigate the effects of CNIs on coronary arteries and the mechanisms of their actions on coronary arteritis in a mouse model of KD, we performed experiments with FK565, a ligand of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1) in wild-type, severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), caspase-associated recruitment domain 9 (CARD9)–/– and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88)–/– mice. We also performed in-vitro studies with vascular and monocytic cells and vascular tissues. A histopathological analysis showed that both cyclosporin A and tacrolimus exacerbated the NOD1-mediated coronary arteritis in a dose-dependent manner. Cyclosporin A induced the exacerbation of coronary arteritis in mice only in high doses, while tacrolimus exacerbated it within the therapeutic range in humans. Similar effects were obtained in SCID and CARD9–/– mice but not in MyD88–/– mice. CNIs enhanced the expression of adhesion molecules by endothelial cells and the cytokine secretion by monocytic cells in our KD model. These data indicated that both vascular and monocytic cells were involved in the exacerbation of coronary arteritis. Activation of MyD88-dependent inflammatory signals in both vascular cells and macrophages appears to contribute to their adverse effects. Particular attention should be paid to the development of coronary artery lesions when using CNIs to treat refractory KD.
The role of microRNA‐5196 in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis
Authors: Ciechomska Marzena , Zarecki Patryk , Merdas Michal , Swierkot Jerzy , Morgiel Ewa , Wiland Piotr , Maslinski Wlodzimierz , Bogunia‐Kubik Katarzyna 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterised by tissue fibrosis and immune abnormalities. Recent evidence suggests that activated circulating monocytes from patients with SSc play an important role in early stages of SSc pathogenesis due to enhanced expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP‐1), IL‐8 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) induction. However, the exact factors that contribute to chronic inflammation and subsequently fibrosis progression are still unknown.Materials and methodsThe expression pattern of IL‐8, TIMP‐1, AP‐1 transcription factor‐Fra2 and ROS induction in peripheral blood monocytes following DZNep (histone methyltransferase inhibitor) and TLR8 agonist stimulation was investigated. Exogenous microRNA‐5196, which is predicted to bind 3′UTR of Fra2 gene, was delivered to reverse profibrotic phenotype in monocytes. Expression of circulating microRNA‐5196 was correlated with SSc parameters.ResultsDZNep + TLR8 agonist stimulation enhanced profibrotic TIMP‐1, IL‐8 and ROS generation in HC and SSc monocytes. As opposed by the decrease of miRNA‐5196 and antioxidant SOD1 expression in SSc monocytes. Exogenous delivery of microRNA‐5196 reduced Fra2 and TIMP‐1 expression suggesting that it may be used as a potential modulator of fibrogenesis in SSc. Circulating microRNA‐5196 was significantly increased in SSc and positively correlated with CRP level but not with Rodnan skin score or ESR.ConclusionsThese results suggest that microRNA‐5196 can be used as a potential biomarker characterising SSc. Overall, this study may open new possibilities for the development of microRNA‐5196‐based diagnostics and therapy in early phases of SSc.
Effect of microbial activity on penetrometer resistance and elastic modulus of soil at different temperatures
Authors: Gao W. , Muñoz‐Romero V. , Ren T. , Ashton R. W. , Morin M. , Clark I. M. , Powlson D. S. , Whalley W. R. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryWe explore the effect of microbial activity stimulated by root exudates on the penetrometer resistance of soil and its elastic modulus. This is important because it is a measure of the mechanical strength of soil and it correlates closely with the rate of elongation of roots. A sandy soil was incubated with a synthetic root exudate at different temperatures, for different lengths of time and with selective suppression of either fungi or bacteria. The shape of the temperature response of penetrometer resistance in soil incubated with synthetic exudate was typical of a poikilothermic temperature response. Both penetrometer resistance and small strain shear modulus had maximum values between 25 and 30°C. At temperatures of 20°C and less, there was little effect of incubation with synthetic root exudate on the small strain shear modulus, although penetrometer resistance did increase with temperature over this range (4–20°C). This suggests that in this temperature range the increase in penetrometer resistance was related to a greater resistance to plastic deformation. At higher temperatures (> 25°C) penetrometer resistance decreased. Analysis of the DNA sequence data showed that at 25°C the number of Streptomyces (Gram‐positive bacteria) increased, but selective suppression of either fungi or bacteria suggested that fungi have the greater role with respect to penetrometer resistance.Highlights
Effect of microbial activity stimulated by synthetic root exudates on the mechanical properties.
We compared penetrometer measurements and estimates of elastic modulus with microbial community.
Penetrometer resistance of soil showed a poikilothermic temperature response.
Penetrometer resistance might be affected more by fungi than bacteria.