bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human serum albumin: prediction model and reference values for preterm and term neonates
Authors: Vander Elst Zoë , Laenen Annouschka , Deberdt Jana , Delemarre Lotte , Vermeersch Pieter , Frans Glynis , Naulaers Gunnar , Gijsen Matthias , Dreesen Erwin , Spriet Isabel , Allegaert Karel , Smits Anne 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Human serum albumin (HSA) concentrations may alter HSA-bound drug distribution. This study aims to describe longitudinal real-world HSA trends, and to develop a prediction model for HSA concentrations using a large neonatal cohort.

Methods
Patients admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of the University Hospitals Leuven (postnatal age (PNA) ≤28days) were retrospectively included. Using linear mixed models, covariate effects on HSA were explored. A multivariable prediction model was developed (backward model selection procedure, 1% significance level).

Results
In total, 848 neonates were included [median(interquartile range) gestational age (GA) 35(32–38)weeks, birth weight (BW) 2400(1640–3130)grams]. Median HSA concentration was 32.3(28.7–35.6)g/L. Longitudinal analyses demonstrated increasing HSA concentrations with PNA and GA for most GA groups. Univariable analyses revealed significant associations of HSA with PNA, GA, BW, current weight, total and direct bilirubin, total plasma proteins, respiratory support, mechanical ventilation, sepsis, ibuprofen use, and C-reactive protein (p-values < 0.05). A high-performance (R2 = 76.3%) multivariable HSA prediction model was developed, and PNA- and GA-dependent HSA centiles were provided.

Conclusion
Population-specific HSA centiles and an accurate neonatal HSA prediction model were developed, incorporating both maturational and non-maturational covariates. These results can enhance future clinical care and pharmacokinetic analyses to improve pharmacotherapy of HSA-bound drugs in neonates, respectively.

Impact

To improve future pharmacokinetic modeling initiatives, a high-performance human serum albumin (HSA) prediction model was developed for (pre)term neonates, using a large, single-center cohort of real-world data.

This prediction model integrates both maturational and non-maturational covariates, resulting in accurate HSA predictions in neonates.

Additionally, HSA centiles based on postnatal and gestational age were developed, which can be easily applied in clinical practice when interpreting HSA concentrations of neonates.

In general, unbound drug fractions are higher in neonates compared to older populations. To improve pharmacotherapy of HSA-bound drugs in neonates, the obtained results can be integrated in future pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analyses.
Multi-stage mechanisms of tumor metastasis and therapeutic strategies
Authors: Liu Zaoqu , Chen Jingqi , Ren Yuqing , Liu Shutong , Ba Yuhao , Zuo Anning , Luo Peng , Cheng Quan , Xu Hui , Han Xinwei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe cascade of metastasis in tumor cells, exhibiting organ-specific tendencies, may occur at numerous phases of the disease and progress under intense evolutionary pressures. Organ-specific metastasis relies on the formation of pre-metastatic niche (PMN), with diverse cell types and complex cell interactions contributing to this concept, adding a new dimension to the traditional metastasis cascade. Prior to metastatic dissemination, as orchestrators of PMN formation, primary tumor-derived extracellular vesicles prepare a fertile microenvironment for the settlement and colonization of circulating tumor cells at distant secondary sites, significantly impacting cancer progression and outcomes. Obviously, solely intervening in cancer metastatic sites passively after macrometastasis is often insufficient. Early prediction of metastasis and holistic, macro-level control represent the future directions in cancer therapy. This review emphasizes the dynamic and intricate systematic alterations that occur as cancer progresses, illustrates the immunological landscape of organ-specific PMN creation, and deepens understanding of treatment modalities pertinent to metastasis, thereby identifying some prognostic and predictive biomarkers favorable to early predict the occurrence of metastasis and design appropriate treatment combinations.
NAD+-boosting agent nicotinamide mononucleotide potently improves mitochondria stress response in Alzheimer’s disease via ATF4-dependent mitochondrial UPR
Authors: Xiong Xi , Hou Jialong , Zheng Yi , Jiang Tao , Zhao Xuemiao , Cai Jinlai , Huang Jiani , He Haijun , Xu Jiaxue , Qian Shuangjie , Lu Yao , Wang XinShi , Wang Wenwen , Ye Qianqian , Zhou Shuoting , Lian Mengjia , Xiao Jian , Song Weihong , Xie Chenglong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractExtensive studies indicate that mitochondria dysfunction is pivotal for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis; while cumulative evidence suggests that increased mitochondrial stress response (MSR) may mitigate neurodegeneration in AD, explorations to develop a MSR-targeted therapeutic strategy against AD are scarce. We combined cell biology, molecular biology, and pharmacological approaches to unravel a novel molecular pathway by which NAD+-boosting agent nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) regulates MSR in AD models. Here, we report dyshomeostasis plasma UPRmt-mitophagy-mediated MSR profiles in AD patient samples. NMN restores NAD+ metabolic profiles and improves MSR through the ATF4-dependent UPRmt pathway in AD-related cross-species models. At the organismal level, NAD+ repletion with NMN supplementation ameliorates mitochondrial proteotoxicity, decreases hippocampal synaptic disruption, decreases neuronal loss, and brain atrophy in mice model of AD. Remarkably, omics features of the hippocampus with NMN show that NMN leads to transcriptional changes of genes and proteins involved in MSR characteristics, principally within the astrocyte unit rather than microglia and oligodendrocytes. In brief, our work provides evidence that MSR has an active role in the pathogenesis of AD, as reducing mitochondrial homeostasis via atf4 depletion in AD mice aggravates the hallmarks of the disease; conversely, bolstering mitochondrial proteostasis by NMN decreases protein aggregation, restores memory performance, and delays disease progression, ultimately translating to increased healthspan.
Subsequent high blood pressure and hypertension by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study
Authors: Ishikuro Mami , Obara Taku , Hasegawa Mayu , Murakami Keiko , Ueno Fumihiko , Noda Aoi , Onuma Tomomi , Matsuzaki Fumiko , Iwama Noriyuki , Kikuya Masahiro , Sugawara Junichi , Azegami Tatsuhiko , Nakayama Takashin , Mito Asako , Arata Naoko , Metoki Hirohito , Kanda Takeshi , Kuriyama Shinichi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHypertensive disorders of pregnancy can cause hypertension in the future. Understanding how the blood pressure values of women with and without hypertensive disorders of pregnancy differ will facilitate follow-up blood pressure monitoring in clinical settings. This study investigated the association between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and subsequent high blood pressure and hypertension. This study used Japanese data from the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study. Follow-up systolic and diastolic blood pressures in normotensive women during pregnancy and those with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were estimated using analysis of covariance adjusted for women with low birthweight, history of gestational diabetes mellitus, age, body mass index, pulse rate, smoking and drinking at the follow-up assessment, paternal hypertension history, and maternal hypertension or hypertensive disorders of pregnancy history. Finally, we performed a multiple logistic regression analysis. In total, 7343 women were included in the analysis. Women with a history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy had higher blood pressure approximately three years postpartum compared with normotensive women. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in the most recent pregnancy in different subgroups, such as nulliparous women, multiparous women without a history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and multiparous women with a history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, were associated with an increased risk of subsequent hypertension. Women’s birthweight was also weakly associated with hypertension. Even one experience of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy may contribute to elevated blood pressure and hypertension approximately three years postpartum. In addition, women’s birthweights may have a weak relationship with increasing blood pressure.
Filovirus vaccines as a response paradigm for emerging infectious diseases
Authors: Marzi Andrea , Feldmann Heinz 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNowadays, filovirus vaccine development may be seen as a paradigm for our response capabilities to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Specifically, the West African Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic accelerated countermeasure licensure for several vaccine and therapeutic products. Those products have been successfully used to control EVD outbreaks in Central Africa over the past years. This positive development, however, has not yet reached beyond EVD. Therefore, it is pertinent to increase our efforts in the development of countermeasures for other human pathogenic members of the family Filoviridae as they continue to threaten public health in Sub-Saharan Africa. This review article summarizes the current filovirus vaccines in preclinical macaque studies and human clinical trials and discusses the most promising recent advancements.
Recombinant RSV G protein vaccine induces enhanced respiratory disease via IL-13 and mucin overproduction
Authors: Kawahara Eigo , Senpuku Kota , Kawaguchi Yoshino , Yamamoto Shinya , Yasuda Koubun , Kuroda Etsushi , Ouji-Sageshima Noriko , Ito Toshihiro , Hirai Toshiro , Shibata Takehiko , Yoshioka Yasuo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe G protein expressed on the surface of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is important for adhesion to host cells and as a vaccine target antigen. The corresponding vaccines can effectively eliminate RSV. However, they exacerbate pulmonary immunopathology including eosinophilic infiltration in the lungs after an RSV challenge in animal models, raising concerns about enhanced respiratory disease (ERD); thus, approaches that mitigate these effects are urgently needed. Herein, we aimed to examine the mechanisms of G protein vaccine-induced ERD in mice, using recombinant G protein as a vaccine antigen. After the RSV challenge, G protein-vaccinated mice exhibited lung weight gain, lung tissue damage, and increased infiltration of eosinophils, neutrophils, and CD4+ T cells into the lungs. We set lung weight gain as the endpoint for ERD and examined the impact of each infiltrating cell on lung weight gain. We observed that CD4+ T cells, but not eosinophils or neutrophils, that infiltrate the lungs are responsible for lung weight gain. In addition, T helper 2 cell-mediated IL-13 induced mucin hypersecretion and lung weight gain. Mucin hypersecretion may contribute to weight gain in the lungs. In conclusion, our results indicate a novel mechanism of G protein vaccine-induced ERD via IL-13 and mucin hypersecretion, which could lead to the development of safe G protein vaccines and the elucidation of the causes of ERD associated with other vaccines.
Nitrogen fixation in the North Atlantic supported by Gulf Stream eddy-borne diazotrophs
Authors: Hoerstmann Cora , Aguiar-González Borja , Barrillon Stéphanie , Carpaneto Bastos Cécile , Grosso Olivier , Pérez-Hernández M. D. , Doglioli Andrea M. , Petrenko Anne A. , Carracedo Lidia I. , Benavides Mar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMesoscale oceanic eddies contribute to the redistribution of resources needed for plankton to thrive. However, due to their fluid-trapping capacity, they can also isolate plankton communities, subjecting them to rapidly changing environmental conditions. Diazotrophs, which fix dinitrogen (N2), are key members of the plankton community, providing reactive nitrogen, particularly in large nutrient-depleted regions such as subtropical gyres. However, there is still limited knowledge about how mesoscale structures characterized by specific local environmental conditions can affect the distribution and metabolic response of diazotrophs when compared with the large-scale dynamics of an oceanic region. Here we investigated genetic diazotroph diversity and N2 fixation rates in a transect across the Gulf Stream and two associated eddies, a region with intense mesoscale activity known for its important role in nutrient transport into the North Atlantic Gyre. We show that eddy edges are hotspots for diazotroph activity with potential community connectivity between eddies. Using a long-term mesoscale eddy database, we quantified N2 fixation rates as up to 17 times higher within eddies than in ambient waters, overall providing ~21 µmol N m−2 yr−1 to the region. Our results indicate that mesoscale eddies are hotspots of reactive nitrogen production within the broader marine nitrogen cycle.
Demonstration of high-frequency self-pulsing oscillations in an active silicon micro-ring cavity
Authors: Shetewy Abdou Eltamimy , Catuneanu Mircea Traian , He Menglong , Jamshidi Kambiz 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe experimentally investigated the self-pulsing (SP) oscillations induced by the thermo-optic, free carrier, and Kerr nonlinear effects in integrated active silicon microring resonators. We demonstrate high frequency self-pulsing oscillations (up to 30 MHz) by applying a few millivolts of reverse bias voltage to the PIN junction of the active cavity. We illustrate that the shape of those oscillations (i.e., frequency and duty cycle) can be controlled by adjusting the CW input power and applying a reverse bias voltage to the PIN junction for carrier removal. This controlling is important for synchronizing the cavity which is crucial for neural network applications. Furthermore, we utilize a mathematical model for visualizing the stability regions by numerically studying coupled mode theory in silicon microcavity under different conditions.
Reducing inhomogeneous broadening of spin and optical transitions of nitrogen-vacancy centers in high-pressure, high-temperature diamond
Authors: Blinder Rémi , Mindarava Yuliya , Tran Thai Hien , Momenzadeh Ali , Yang Sen , Siyushev Petr , Sumiya Hitoshi , Tamasaku Kenji , Osaka Taito , Morishita Norio , Takizawa Haruki , Onoda Shinobu , Hara Hideyuki , Jelezko Fedor , Wrachtrup Jörg , Isoya Junichi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWith their optical addressability of individual spins and long coherence time, nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are often called “atom-like solid spin-defects”. As observed with trapped atomic ions, quantum interference mediated by indistinguishable photons was demonstrated between remote NV centers. In high sensitivity DC magnetometry at room temperature, NV ensembles are potentially rivaling with alkali-atom vapor cells. However, local strain induces center-to-center variation of both optical and spin transitions of NV centers. Therefore, advanced engineering of diamond growth toward crystalline perfection is demanded. Here, we report on the synthesis of high-quality HPHT (high-pressure, high-temperature) crystals, demonstrating a small inhomogeneous broadening of the spin transitions, ofT2* = 1.28 μs, approaching the limit for crystals with natural13C abundance, that we determine asT2* = 1.48 μs. The contribution from strain and local charges to the inhomogeneous broadening is lowered to ~17 kHz full width at half maximum for NV ensemble within a > 10 mm3volume. Looking at optical transitions in low nitrogen crystals, we examine the variation of zero-phonon-line optical transition frequencies at low temperatures, showing a strain contribution below 2 GHz for a large fraction of single NV centers.
Multi-channel portable odor delivery device for self-administered and rapid smell testing
Authors: Hopper Richard , Popa Daniel , Maggioni Emanuela , Patel Devarsh , Obrist Marianna , Landis Basile Nicolas , Hsieh Julien Wen , Udrea Florin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo improve our understanding of the perception of odors, researchers are often required to undertake experimental procedures with users exposed to multiple odors in a variety of settings, including to diagnose smell loss in clinics and care homes. Existing smell tests are typically administered using multiple sniffing pens, manually presented to patients by a highly specialized nurse using a time-consuming and complex testing paradigm. Automated odor delivery devices, such as olfactometer systems, exist but are expensive, bulky and typically lab based, making them difficult to use for on the ground odor delivery. Here we have developed a portable, affordable, odor delivery device that can deliver 24 odors through individual channels with high temporal precision and without cross-contamination. The device allows for the rapid, flexible sequencing of odors via digital control using a mobile application and has been experimentally validated in the lab, as well as tested on patients. The design provides several advantages for investigating olfactory perception and offers the possibility that users can one day self-administer smell tests in a range of settings, including at home, allowing smell healthcare services to evolve and become part of a routine practice and self-care culture.
Cardiac-derived CTRP9 mediates the protection of empagliflozin against diabetes-induced male subfertility in mice
Authors: Mu Yang , Luo Ling-Bo , Huang Rong , Shen Zhuo-Yu , Huang Dan , Zhao Shu-Hong , Yang Jing , Ma Zhen-Guo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Previous studies have shown beneficial effects of empagliflozin (Empa), a selective inhibitor of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), on diabetes and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with diabetes. However, whether Empa could ameliorate diabetes mellitus (DM)-induced male spermatogenesis dysfunction remains unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of Empa in the development of DM-induced male spermatogenesis dysfunction and to reveal the molecular mechanisms. DM mice were orally treated with Empa to investigate the effects of Empa on DM-induced male mice spermatogenesis dysfunction. We employed a cardiac-specific C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein 9 (CTRP9)-deficient mouse model and a cardiac-specific CTRP9 overexpression mouse model to investigate its role in the protection of Empa against diabetes-induced male subfertility. We found that Empa treatment could improve DM-induced male mice subfertility. Interestingly, we discovered that cardiac-derived CTRP9 was decreased in DM mice and this decrease was prevented by Empa treatment. A CTRP9 blocking antibody or cardiac-specific depletion of CTRP9 abolished the protection of Empa on DM-induced male subfertility. Cardiac-specific CTRP9 overexpression ameliorated DM-induced male subfertility. Mechanistically, we identified that cardiac-derived CTRP9 increased steroidogenesis in mice with diabetes in a PKA-dependent manner. We also provided direct evidence that activation of AMP activated protein kinase α (AMPKα)/nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) signalling pathway by CTRP9 was responsible for the attenuation of ferroptosis in Leydig cells. In conclusions, we supposed that Empa was a potential therapeutic agent against DM-induced male mice spermatogenesis dysfunction.
An Effective Interprofessional Collaboration to Support African Refugee Students' Oral and Written Language and Social Integration
Authors: Karasinski Courtney , Niu-Cooper Rui 
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
Two faculty members collaborated to advance educational equity by providing a summer camp experience to prevent summer learning loss for African refugee students in preschool through high school. Both faculty members educate university students in graduate programs, one for students aiming to become educators of English to Speakers of Other Languages and the other for speech-language pathology students.

Method:
Speech-language pathology graduate students provided supports for oral and written language within Tier 1 of a multitiered systems of support framework during camp. Interventions were provided within the context of the camp activities, rooted in the constructs of contextualized intervention, implicit learning, and feedback-free learning. The speech-language pathology students collaborated with the faculty members, camp director, community members, and the campers.

Results:
The speech-language pathology students learned to provide language support in natural environments, analyze writing, recognize strengths and areas for growth in multilingual learners, establish rapport with individuals from cultural and linguistic backgrounds that differ from their own, collaborate with other professionals, and build campers' confidence and self-esteem. The campers expanded their vocabulary, syntactic, and narrative production and developed teamwork, collaboration, and leadership.

Conclusions:
This program can be a model for others aiming to collaborate to advance educational equity. Speech-language pathologists have an important role in collaborating with colleagues from other disciplines to provide programs for language and literacy support, even when the students do not have underlying language disorder.
Comparison of permanent magnet synchronous machine and permanent magnet flux‐modulated machine in direct drive considering number of rotor poles
Authors: Abareshi Saeed , Faiz Jawad , Ghods Mehrage 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDirect drive permanent magnet (PM) motors have become a very attractive choice for electric vehicles. Generally, PM motors are divided into PM synchronous motors (PMSMs) and PM flux‐modulated motors (PMFMMs). High torque density is the main requirement of direct drive motors, therefore, the structure of conventional PM motors is modified to boost the torque. Increasing the number of poles is a structural modification to achieve high torque density in PMSMs; however, a large number of poles affects motor characteristics such as power factor, flux weakening, losses, and efficiency. The other way to have high torque is to use PMFMMs, which have a high intrinsic torque density. This paper first compares the performance of PMSMs with different number of poles. Then the performance of PMFMMs and PMSMs are compared to show their differences. The performance of PMFMMs with different teeth modulators and magnetic gear ratios are predicted to show their effects upon its performance. The simulation results using finite elements method|finite element method (FEM) are presented, and finally, a PMFMM with 36 slots and 40 poles as case study is subjected to an experimental test and its results are compared with FEM.The cover image is based on the article Comparison of permanent magnet synchronous machine and permanent magnet flux‐modulated machine in direct drive considering number of rotor poles by Saeed Abareshi et al., https://doi.org/10.1049/elp2.12500.