bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights and Strategies for Underground Hydrogen Storage Optimization
Authors: Albadan D. J. , Delshad M. , Sepehrnoori K. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Underground Hydrogen Storage (UHS) is a promising solution for facilitating the transition to a net-zero energy landscape. Hydrogen is an excellent energy carrier that can be utilized to store surplus energy from renewable sources and later release it in periods of high-power demand. The objective of this paper is to investigate the optimal operating conditions for underground hydrogen storage and present guidelines that can enhance the utilization of the selected storage site.
The methodology of this study involves conducting numerical simulations on a synthetic model that replicates the characteristics of a heterogeneous field with two anticlines. The analysis is conducted on two cases representing a depleted gas reservoir and a saline aquifer. Key operational control parameters such as well count, bottom-hole pressure (BHP) limits, injection/production cycle duration, perforation interval, and cushion gas injection play pivotal roles. These operational parameters will be systematically varied to assess their impacts on hydrogen storage capacity, deliverability, and purity.
The results are analyzed by implementing advanced reservoir engineering practices that delineate significant differences between depleted gas reservoirs and saline aquifers in terms of storage parameters and hydrogen recovery. The proposed operational guidelines are based on water production, pressure maintenance, and hydrogen purity. Bottom-hole pressure limits are crucial well-control parameters in UHS systems. The minimum BHP limit is determined through techno-economic factors considering surface compression requirements. On the other hand, the maximum BHP limit is established based on rock mechanics and fracture gradient to ensure reservoir integrity and stability.
This paper contributes to a comprehensive framework for optimizing Underground Hydrogen Storage systems by proposing novel insights and key strategies, that can play a role in the viability and scalability of hydrogen as an energy storage solution in the transition to a sustainable energy future.
Microbial Approach – an Underutilized Sustainability Technology?
Authors: Manap A. A. Abdul , Chai I.C.C , Goodman A.H. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In an era of sustainability push, the oil and gas industry need to have a revisit of its overall strategy. In addition to profitability, sustainability is another main development driver to consider. Out of the seventeen United Nations Sustainable Development Guidelines (SDG), five are applicable to the industry (Capello et. al. 2020). They are:
SDG #6: Clean Water and Sanitation SDG #7: Affordable and Clean Energy SDG #13: Climate Action on Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions SDG #14: Life Below Water SDG #15: Life On Land
Microbes are not a new focus area in the oil and gas industry, whether they contributed to favourable (microbial stimulation, EOR) and/or non-favourable (reservoir souring etc.) conditions. Microbial based technology is worth a re-evaluation since it can be considered one of the most environmental-friendly technologies available. This paper will focus on PETRONAS experience with microbial based technology studies. As we moved towards energy transition, PETRONAS is also looking into technologies which can support carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) implementation and hydrogen generation. From this perspective, methane generation (methanogenesis), and subsurface hydrogen generation (dark fermentation) is worthy of consideration. The paper highlights some of PETRONAS experience with focus on microbial EOR (at laboratory and pilot scale). Methanogenesis (at laboratory scale) and conceptual biohydrogen will also be briefly touched.
Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Wave Communication Model and Simulation in Wellbore Communication
Authors: Wang Zhi , Jia Deli , Yang Qinghai , Hao Zhongxian , Chen Qiang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In recent years, the scale of oil and gas production has been continuously expanded, and processes such as layered water injection, gas injection, and oil recovery have led to stricter requirements for the precision of layered wellbore control and the distance of bidirectional data transmission. Extremely low frequency (ELF: below 30 Hz) electromagnetic wave wireless wellbore communication technology can achieve high-precision and long-distance bidirectional data transmission and overcome the problems of traditional wired communication technologies' poor pass-ability and load capacity. It does not require the addition of relays and is more cost-effective, making it a wireless wellbore communication technology with broad application prospects.
This article is based on the theory of network splitting, establishes a multi-delay and multi-weight complex network model of ELF electromagnetic waves in wellbore communication, and designs a controller. It deduces quantitative expressions for the electromagnetic field in different directions in N-layered media. The article calculates the propagation and attenuation characteristics of ELF electromagnetic waves. Deriving calculation formulas and combining simulations determines the optimal transmitting frequency range to be 5Hz to 20Hz. Field experiments have confirmed that ELF electromagnetic waves can achieve wireless communication without relays over 1600 meters. Numerical simulations are conducted to solve the distribution relationship between electric and magnetic fields in layered media, determine the coupling coefficients between transmitter and receiver, and clarify the transmission channels. Comparing the electrical signal strengths at different frequencies proves that blindly reducing the transmitting frequency is not advisable. Both theoretical analysis and experiments validate the correctness of the model. This article provides a theoretical basis and feasibility for subsequent engineering applications. This method provides a new idea for wellbore wireless communication technology in fields such as rod lifting and separated layered injection.
AI Fast-Tracking Infill Well Identification Under Uncertainty for a Complex Deep Gas Field and Accelerating Field Development Decision
Authors: Prasad D. , Patankar T. , Pandey A. , Joshi P. , Bajpai P. , Biniwale S. , Khataniar S. , Elfeel M. Ahmed , Kumar S. , Gaur P. , Kumar M. , Singh R. , Xu R. , Kumar S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective/Scope
R’ field is a tight, deep gas-condensate volatile-oil reservoir, in a geologically complex volcanic depositional setting. Vertical and deviated wells penetrate several zones, multi-stage fractured making it commercially viable. Ramp-up and sustaining production at the planned plateau production rate through intensive development drilling campaigns was a challenge. The primarily transient production profiles and recoveries per well are highly variable and the identification of sweet spots and good quality reservoirs(pay) is fraught with uncertainty. There was an urgency to fast-track optimized drilling schedules that maximize return on investment while sustaining production. This called for both a better quantification of risks and a higher speed in subsurface modeling and field development planning.

Methods, Procedures, Process
An integrated reservoir modeling workflow with probabilistic dynamic model calibration approach was designed for uncertainty quantification and sweet-spot identification. The static and dynamic models maintained a high resolution to retain fidelity and allow precision in modeling the hydraulic fractures, and phase behavior effects. The geological and completion uncertainties number exceeded 1500, however fast simulation algorithms on high performance computing was leveraged to process multiple realizations. A high-fidelity simulator capable of modeling time-variant, bi-wing multistage fractures at a field scale, Machine Learning (ML) proxies of the dynamic simulation models were the innovative technologies utilized to make the uncertainty workflow practical and affordable. The ML proxies were used to screen and rank uncertain parameters and generate posterior probability distributions used to sample representative models for planning purposes. Probabilistic maps of connectivity were generated using streamline simulation to guide both history-matching and well-placement activities. Decision criteria were developed that integrated model-based technical and economic risk attributes with other analytical attributes to help screen and rank well locations with the high potential and lowest risk.

Results, Observations, Conclusions

Novel/Additive Information
An innovative approach of ML-assisted history matching and probabilistic forecasting without compromising the model fidelity proved invaluable. Collaborative and agile approach of rapid prototyping and power of cloud computing enabled evaluation of 1000s of field development scenarios and thereby fast-tracking the decision-making process.
Experimental Study on the Acid-Etched Fracture Conductivity of Novel Nano Retarded Acid System
Authors: Cui Bo , Rong Xinming , Guo Buming , Feng Puyong , Li Xiang , Wang Shun , Wu Guang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The novel nano retarded acid system has merits of low viscosity and strong retardation, which overcomes the challenges of high friction pressure of emulsified acid and polymer residue damage of gelled acid and has been widely used in carbonate acidizing in China offshore Oilfield. However, the acid-etched fracture conductivity is not clear. The paper researches the acid-etched fracture conductivity of nano retarded acid in low-permeability carbonate reservoirs to guide acid fracturing onsite application effectively.
The smooth rock plate and rough rock plate are taken as experimental objects. The gelled acid and emulsified acid are used as comparative acid systems. Acid-etched fracture conductivity, surface morphology scanning, and continuous strength testing equipment are used to study the effects of acid type, alternating injection stage, injection rate, viscosity ratio, reaction time, and rock plate type on fracture conductivity. Through experimental study, construct characteristic parameters of high acid-etched fracture conductivity, establish the relationship between acid fracturing technical and acid-etched fracture conductivity, and clarify the mechanism of nano retarded acid differential acid etching and alleviating rock plate strength damage.
Results from the lab study indicated that the nano retarded acid system is a new type of acid system with nanostructure, low viscosity, low damage, low friction, and strong retardation performance. Compared with gelled acid and emulsified acid, nano retarded acid can form a strong channel etching morphology, which has a high differential dissolution and low rock plate damage strength and can maintain high conductivity under high closing pressure. Increasing the number of alternating injection stages, injection rate, viscosity ratio, and initial surface roughness of the rock plate for nano retarded acid system can help to form a dominant acid flow channel through differential acid etching. This research on nano retarded acid fracture conductivity can provide effective guidance for field application.
Structural Design of Fixed Jacket-Type Offshore Platforms – A Disruptive Technique
Authors: Chatterjee Prabir Kumar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a semi-empirical method to automatically configure, size and carry out the preliminary design of a fixed offshore platform considering only a few basic input parameters when topside details are unavailable. Input parameters include the water depth, maximum wave height, design seismic coefficient, functional type of the offshore platform, a rough estimate of the gross topside weight (other than the structure), the number of well conductors and the available information on piles axial capacity. The main objective of the present work is to create a design and produce material take-off (MTO) that is sufficient for tender documents. The computer program developed for the above purpose generates a detailed analytical model incorporating available knowledge on equipment layout and structural design. The program creates a design without actually carrying out any structural analysis and generates the MTO based on the model created by the program. Structural design of real-life offshore platforms generally passes through several changes during the course of preparing a final design. The most common changes occur due to the requirement of additional deck space identified during model reviews, major revision in equipment layout and detailed material handling studies. In some cases, structural design is influenced by the equipment layout preferred by the owner/operator. The method adopted here will minimize, if not eliminate completely, the subsequent changes in the structural details unless a significant change in the topside facilities is encountered. As expected, a number of different structural designs can exist for the same input data. The most important advantage is the immediate availability of the structural analytical model for subsequent detailed analyses and initiates a 3D model for other engineering disciplines to build up equipment, piping, utilities, etc.
Holistic Approach to Tackle Proppant Flowback & Coal Fines Challenges Through in House Engineered Chemical Formulation
Authors: Nain Pooja , Qamruzzaman Mohammed , Mhaske Ganesh , Nischal Rajiv 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper addresses the challenges associated with coal bed methane (CBM) well dewatering, particularly the issue of proppant flowback and production of coal fines. The primary objective is to mitigate the impairment in fracture permeability caused by fines migration and assess the suitability of a developed Proppant and Fines Agglomerating Formulation (PFAF).
The devised PFAF system coats proppant surfaces thus enhancing agglomeration & preventing flowback. It was synthesized after extensive evaluation of various chemicals. Agglomeration Tests, Microscopic imaging and SEM imaging was conducted to select the best performing PFAF formulation. Optimal concentration was determined through measuring maximum proppant free production rate from proppant pack. Effect of PFAF on permeability was evaluated on fracture conductivity setup. A visualization assembly was fabricated to visualize the migration of fines in proppant pack before and after treatment with PFAF. Compatibility of PFAF with conventional fracturing fluid was evaluated through rheological tests to employ PFAF during Fracturing.
Extensive laboratory studies indicate that the developed PFAF, a reaction product of an amine and ester exhibits promising results thereby reducing clean-up time and cost. The proppant treated with PFAF agglomerated and descended slowly as one piece of consolidated mass indicating reduced proppant flowback, as compared to untreated proppant which fell as individual sand grains. Microscopic study shows uniform adsorption and SEM imaging indicates non- glue like behaviour with developed formulation. The Maximum Proppant Free Production rate significantly increased post-treatment, from 350 cc/min to 900 cc/min, indicating proppant consolidation. No significant change was observed in permeability of the treated proppant pack. Fines Migration visualization shows the retention of coal fines in the treated pack, affirming the efficacy of PFAF in mitigating coal fines. No adverse behavior was observed in compatibility study of PFAF with conventional guar based fracturing fluid. Near Zero magnitude zeta potential values was obtained with PFAF which corroborated with other test results.
This paper introduces a novel Proppant and Fines Agglomerating Formulation (PFAF) to address fines-related challenges in CBM wells. PFAF demonstrates unique consolidation properties without compromising the fracture conductivity, as demonstrated by laboratory studies. The paper contributes additive information to the existing literature by presenting a practical solution for mitigating fines migration and proppant flowback in CBM wells.
Exploring the Limit of Low-Salinity Waterflooding in a Carbonate Reservoir with Low Total Acid Number Oil
Authors: Uetani T. , Takeya M. , Elakneswaran Y. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a workflow for designing the optimal injection brine composition for an offshore carbonate reservoir. The crude oil from this reservoir has a very low total acid number (0.01 mg KOH/g), leading to the expectation that injecting diluted seawater would not be an effective enhanced oil recovery (EOR) fluid. To address this, we designed a water composition that maximizes electrostatic repulsion (total disjoining pressure) at the oil-rock interface. This was achieved by combining two surface complexation models (oil-water and calcite-water interfaces), tuned to represent the reservoir conditions, with the extended DLVO theory. The total disjoining pressure was calculated for more than 30 different brine compositions, and we selected the one that demonstrated the highest value. The optimized injection brine, termed ‘repulsive’ water, was then evaluated in the laboratory for its oil recovery performance. Both spontaneous imbibition tests and coreflooding tests showed limited success with the repulsive water, yielding additional oil recovery factors of only 1-2%. We believe that the poor oil recovery results from insufficient repulsion at the oil-rock interface. Greater repulsion would be necessary for improved oil recovery, but this was not achieved within the scope of this study. Additionally, injecting diluted seawater (by fifty times) also failed to yield promising oil recovery results. Based on these findings, we conclude that low-salinity waterflooding is not a viable EOR option for the studied carbonate reservoir.
An Experimental Study on the Proppant Transport in a Horizontal Wellbore Considering Perforation Erosion in Clean Water Fracturing
Authors: Li Xintong , Rui Zhenhua , Deng Chao , Xu Minghao , Cao Wenxing , Liu Muchen , Zhou Fujian , Hu Xiaodong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Horizontal well fracturing has become a crucial method for exploiting unconventional oil and gas reservoir in recent years. The transport and distribution of proppant in a horizontal wellbore have a direct impact on the effectiveness of large-scale horizontal fracturing. It is important to reveal the proppant transport mechanism and fracturing fluid distribution between perforation holes in horizontal wellbores. At present, most experimental studies focus on proppant transport in fractures. However, the mechanism of proppant transport in a horizontal wellbore and fluid and proppant distribution is still unclear. This paper establishes a visualized horizontal wellbore proppant transport simulation system. Laboratory experiments are conducted to investigate the proppant carried by fracturing fluid in horizontal wellbores under various conditions. We analyze sensitivity for factors including proppant concentration, fracturing fluid injection rate, proppant size, and perforation erosion. The distribution of proppant and fluid in the perforation holes is investigated quantitatively. Results demonstrate that a proppant size of 40/70 mesh and injection rate of 0.08 m3/min which give a good transport performance are proposed at the experimental scale. In addition, perforation erosion affects proppant distribution in perforation holes. In field operations, the proper proppant concentration should be utilized to reduce the risk of sand plugging. It provides the experimental foundation for future research on the proppant transport mechanism in a horizontal wellbore.
Improving Local Potential and Attempting to Save Environment Between Indonesia – Malaysia Border
Authors: Kurniawan Isrianto , Indrawan Dony , Saputra Dharma , Rahman Aditya Cahya Kurnia , Siregar Muhammad Abrar Putra , _ Riduansyah 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Nunukan Regency, located on the Indonesian-Malaysian border, is the largest seaweed-producing area in Indonesia. The territorial waters of Nunukan Island are almost entirely employed as seaweed cultivation areas traditionally by communities. The seaweed cultivation process in water utilizes plastic bottle waste as floats for seaweed seeds. Problems potentially occurred when used plastic bottles employed as floats for seaweed cultivation became piles of rubbish that continued to increase due to obsolete and could contaminate coastal and marine ecosystems. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) program aimed to improve local potential by overcoming pollution issues due to the seaweed cultivation process.s
Through the CSR program, PT Pertamina EP Tarakan Field (PEP Tarakan Field) initiated a social innovation by inviting all seaweed farmers to exchange incompatible used plastic bottle floats in the cultivation process; the plastic bottle waste could only be used for a short term due to the durability of the bottle material. Furthermore, the plastic bottle waste would be taken to the main waste bank under company guidance. The used plastic bottles would be processed into new floats with better durability and buoyancy; thus, they could be used by seaweed farmers for longer periods. The processed floats would be given free to farmers who were willing to exchange their used bottles. The supervision of the ongoing program was carried out periodically to determine farmer's interest in this program. Socialization also continued to be committed to seaweed farmers regarding the preservation of aquatic ecosystems, which needed to be maintained; hence, the local potential of seaweed could continue to be increased
The persuasive methods employed by researchers could be confirmed capable of attracting public attention, especially the seaweed farmers. Within 1-year, most farmers had used more durable recycled floats in their seaweed cultivation activities. The amount of plastic bottle float waste previously produced from the cultivation process could also be reduced, thereby declining environmental pollution risk.
The researcher carried out social innovation programs to improve the production efficiency of seaweed cultivation as a leading commodity in Nunukan Regency and reduced plastic bottle waste, which polluted the aquatic ecosystem.