bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A clinicopathological study of primary central nervous system lymphomas & their association with Epstein-Barr virus
Authors: Sharma Mehar Chand , Gupta Rakesh Kumar , Kaushal Seema , Suri Vaishali , Sarkar Chitra , Singh Manmohan , Kale S.S. , Sahoo Ranjit K. , Kumar Lalit , Raina Vinod 
Published: August 2016

Background & objectives:
Primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs) are relatively uncommon, accounting for 2-3 per cent of primary brain tumours. Majority of these are diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCL) occurring both in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. We undertook this study to classify PCNSL into germinal centre (GC) and non-germinal centre (NGC) type based on Hans classification and to find the role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in pathogenesis both by conventional immunohistochemistry (IHC) and chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH).

Methods:
The consecutive cases of PCNSL during a 10 years period were analysed by IHC for CD45, CD20, CD3, B-cell lymphoma 2 and 6 (Bcl-2 and Bcl-6), B-cell specific octamer binding protein-1 (BOB-1), multiple myeloma oncogene-1 (MUM-1), EBV latent-membrane protein 1 (LMP-1), cyclin-D1, CD10, CD5 and CD23, as well as by CISH for EBV.

Results:
During a period of 10 years, 65 PCNSL were diagnosed which comprised 0.69 per cent (65/9476) of all intracranial tumours. The mean age of presentation was 49 yr with sex ratio (M:F) of 1.4:1. Most common location was supratentorial region with predominant involvement of frontal lobe. Single lesions were seen in 38 (58.4%) and multifocal lesions in 27 (41.5%) patients. None of the patients were immunocompromised. All cases were B cell immunophenotype and were DLBCL except one case of follicular lymphoma. According to Hans classification, majority of them were NGC (n=51, 79.6%) and 13 (20.3%) were GC type. Bcl-2 expression was noted in 34 (52.3%) tumours. EBV was positive in three (4.6%) cases; two were detected both by IHC and CISH and one case by CISH only.

Interpretation & conclusions:
In Indian population, PCNSL occurs mainly in immunocompetent patients, and a decade earlier than in western population. Immunophenotyping revealed that all cases were DLBCL with predominance of NGC type. No prognostic difference was seen between GC and NGC DLBCL. Association of EBV was rare and this virus was possibly not involved in the pathogenesis of PCNSL in immunocompetent individuals. CISH was an easy, economical and less cumbersome method for detection of EBV in PCNSL.
Dual hit lipopolysaccharide & oleic acid combination induced rat model of acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Hagawane T.N. , Gaikwad R.V. , Kshirsagar N.A. 
Published: August 2016

Background & objectives:
Despite advances in therapy and overall medical care, acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) management remains a problem. Hence the objective of this study was to develop a rat model that mimics human ALI/ARDS.

Methods:
Four groups of Wistar rats, 48 per group were treated with (i) intratracheal (IT) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (5 mg/kg) dissolved in normal saline (NS), (ii) intravenous (iv) oleic acid (OA) (250 μl/kg) suspension in bovine serum albumin (BSA), (iii) dual hit: IT LPS (2 mg/kg) dissolved in NS and iv OA (100 μl/kg) and (iv) control group: IT NS and iv BSA. From each group at set periods of time various investigations like chest X-rays, respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (TV), total cell count, differential cell count, total protein count and cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), lung wet/dry weight ratio and histopathological examination were done.

Results:
It was noted that the respiratory rate, and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were significantly higher at 4 h in the dual hit group as compared to LPS, OA and control groups. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were significantly higher in the dual hit group as compared to LPS at 8 and 24 h, OA at 8 h and control (at all time intervals) group. IL-1β levels were significantly higher in LPS and dual hit groups at all time intervals, but not in OA and control groups. The injury induced in dual hit group was earlier and more sustained as compared to LPS and OA alone.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The lung pathology and changes in respiration functions produced by the dual hit model were closer to the diagnostic criteria of ALI/ARDS in terms of clinical manifestations and pulmonary injury and the injury persisted longer as compared to LPS and OA single hit model. Therefore, the ARDS model produced by the dual hit method was closer to the diagnostic criteria of ARDS in terms of clinical manifestations and pulmonary injury.
Subinhibitory concentration of ciprofloxacin targets quorum sensing system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa causing inhibition of biofilm formation & reduction of virulence
Authors: Gupta Parul , Chhibber Sanjay , Harjai Kusum 
Published: August 2016

Background & objectives:
Biofilms formed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa lead to persistent infections. Use of antibiotics for the treatment of biofilm induced infection poses a threat towards development of resistance. Therefore, the research is directed towards exploring the property of antibiotics which may alter the virulence of an organism besides altering its growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of subinhibitory concentration of ciprofloxacin (CIP) in inhibiting biofilm formation and virulence of P. aeruginosa.

Methods:
Antibiofilm potential of subinhibitory concentration of CIP was evaluated in terms of log reduction, biofilm forming capacity and coverslip assay. P. aeruginosa isolates (grown in the presence and absence of sub-MIC of CIP) were also evaluated for inhibition in motility, virulence factor production and quorum sensing (QS) signal production.

Results:
Sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (sub-MIC) of CIP significantly reduced the motility of P. aeruginosa stand and strain and clinical isolates and affected biofilm forming capacity. Production of protease, elastase, siderophore, alginate, and rhamnolipid was also significantly reduced by CIP.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Reduction in virulence factors and biofilm formation was due to inhibition of QS mechanism which was indicated by reduced production of QS signal molecules by P. aeruginosa in presence of subinhibitory concentration of CIP.
Isolation & characterization of Brucella melitensis isolated from patients suspected for human brucellosis in India
Authors: Barua Anita , Kumar Ashu , Thavaselvam Duraipandian , Mangalgi Smita , Prakash Archana , Tiwari Sapana , Arora Sonia , Sathyaseelan Kannusamy 
Published: August 2016

Background & objectives:
Brucellosis is endemic in the southern part of India. A combination of biochemical, serological and molecular methods is required for identification and biotyping of Brucella. The present study describes the isolation and biochemical, molecular characterization of Brucella melitensis from patients suspected for human brucellosis.

Methods:
The blood samples were collected from febrile patients suspected to have brucellosis. A total of 18 isolates were obtained from 102 blood samples subjected to culture. The characterization of these 18 isolates was done by growth on Brucella specific medium, biochemical reactions, CO2 requirement, H2S production, agglutination with A and M mono-specific antiserum, dye sensitivity to basic fuchsin and thionin. Further, molecular characterization of the isolates was done by amplification of B. melitensis species specific IS711 repetitive DNA fragment and 16S (rRNA) sequence analysis. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of omp2 locus and IS711 gene was also done for molecular characterization.

Results:
All 102 suspected samples were subjected to bacteria isolation and of these, 18 isolates could be recovered on blood culture. The biochemical, PCR and PCR-RFLP and 16s rRNA sequencing revealed that all isolates were of B. melitensis and matched exactly with reference strain B. melitensis 16M.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The present study showed an overall isolation rate of 17.64 per cent for B. melitensis. There is a need to establish facilities for isolation and characterization of Brucella species for effective clinical management of the disease among patients as well as surveillance and control of infection in domestic animals. Further studies are needed from different geographical areas of the country with different level of endemicity to plan and execute control strategies against human brucellosis.
The Carathéodory Reflection Principle and Osgood–Carathéodory Theorem on Riemann Surfaces
Authors: Gauthier Paul M. , Sharifi Fatemeh 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Osgood–Carathéodory theorem asserts that conformal mappings between Jordan domains extend to homeomorphisms between their closures. For multiply-connected domains on Riemann surfaces, similar results can be reduced to the simply-connected case, but we find it simpler to deduce such results using a direct analogue of the Carathéodory reflection principle.
A Homological Property and Arens Regularity of Locally Compact Quantum Groups
Authors: Reza Ghanei Mohammad , Nasr-Isfahani Rasoul , Nemati Mehdi 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe characterize two important notions of amenability and compactness of a locally compact quantum group G in terms of certain homological properties. For this, we show that G is character amenable if and only if it is both amenable and co-amenable. We ûnally apply our results to Arens regularity problems of the quantum group algebra L1(G). In particular, we improve an interesting result by Hu, Neufang, and Ruan.
Large gain in air quality compared to an alternative anthropogenic emissions scenario
Authors: Daskalakis Nikos , Tsigaridis Kostas , Myriokefalitakis Stelios , Fanourgakis George S. , Kanakidou Maria 
Published: August 2016

Abstract. During the last 30 years, significant effort has been made to improve air quality through legislation for emissions reduction. Global three-dimensional chemistry-transport simulations of atmospheric composition over the past 3 decades have been performed to estimate what the air quality levels would have been under a scenario of stagnation of anthropogenic emissions per capita as in 1980, accounting for the population increase (BA1980) or using the standard practice of neglecting it (AE1980), and how they compare to the historical changes in air quality levels. The simulations are based on assimilated meteorology to account for the year-to-year observed climate variability and on different scenarios of anthropogenic emissions of pollutants. The ACCMIP historical emissions dataset is used as the starting point. Our sensitivity simulations provide clear indications that air quality legislation and technology developments have limited the rapid increase of air pollutants. The achieved reductions in concentrations of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, black carbon, and sulfate aerosols are found to be significant when comparing to both BA1980 and AE1980 simulations that neglect any measures applied for the protection of the environment. We also show the potentially large tropospheric air quality benefit from the development of cleaner technology used by the growing global population. These 30-year hindcast sensitivity simulations demonstrate that the actual benefit in air quality due to air pollution legislation and technological advances is higher than the gain calculated by a simple comparison against a constant anthropogenic emissions simulation, as is usually done. Our results also indicate that over China and India the beneficial technological advances for the air quality may have been masked by the explosive increase in local population and the disproportional increase in energy demand partially due to the globalization of the economy.
Recent seismic activity at Cephalonia (Greece): a study through
candidate electromagnetic precursors in terms of non-linear
dynamics
Authors: Potirakis Stelios M. , Contoyiannis Yiannis , Melis Nikolaos S. , Kopanas John , Antonopoulos George , Balasis Georgios , Kontoes Charalampos , Nomicos Constantinos , Eftaxias Konstantinos 
Published: August 2016

Abstract. The preparation process of two recent earthquakes (EQs) that occurred in Cephalonia (Kefalonia), Greece, ((38.22° N, 20.53° E), 26 January 2014, Mw = 6.0, depth  ∼  20 km) and ((38.25° N, 20.39° E), 3 February 2014, Mw = 5.9, depth  ∼  10 km), respectively, is studied in terms of the critical dynamics revealed in observables of the involved non-linear processes. Specifically, we show, by means of the method of critical fluctuations (MCF), that signatures of critical, as well as tricritical, dynamics were embedded in the fracture-induced electromagnetic emissions (EMEs) recorded by two stations in locations near the epicentres of these two EQs. It is worth noting that both the MHz EMEs recorded by the telemetric stations on the island of Cephalonia and the neighbouring island of Zante (Zakynthos) reached a simultaneously critical condition a few days before the occurrence of each earthquake. The critical characteristics embedded in the EME signals were further verified using the natural time (NT) method. Moreover, we show, in terms of the NT method, that the foreshock seismic activity also presented critical characteristics before each event. Importantly, the revealed critical process seems to be focused on the area corresponding to the western Cephalonia zone, following the seismotectonic and hazard zoning of the Ionian Islands area near Cephalonia.
Civic Sights: Theorizing Deliberative and Photographic Publicity in the Visual Public Sphere
Authors: Cram E. , Loehwing Melanie , Lucaites John Louis 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFoundational theories of the public sphere prioritize civic speech while distrusting forms of visuality. As a corrective to this model of the public sphere, rhetorical theorists have recently emphasized visuality as a constitutive mode of contemporary public culture, but they nevertheless tend to prioritize the civic actor over the civic spectator. A productive alternative would begin to distinguish an emerging shift from “deliberative publicity” to “photographic publicity.” The bourgeois public sphere innovated verbal communicative practices that produced a specifically deliberative publicity, enabling one resolution to the core political problems of an earlier (feudal) era. Likewise, contemporary publics utilize emerging digital technologies to produce a specifically photographic publicity, allowing them to address fundamental limitations of the bourgeois public sphere. Photographic publicity helps us rethink the problem of the public sphere in terms of theatricality and civic spectatorship.
Metonymies of Mind: Ralph Waldo Emerson, William James, and the Rhetoric of Liberal Education
Authors: Meehan Sean Ross 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Critics in both philosophy and literary studies have rightly emphasized a “poetics of transition” relating the thought of Ralph Waldo Emerson to that of William James. However, less attention has been given to the ways that Emerson's philosophy of rhetoric correlates with James's rhetorical perspectives on psychology and philosophy. Fundamentally rhetorical interests in the contiguous circumstances and contingent reception of thinking link James to Emerson beyond matters of poetics and style. This article correlates Emerson's understanding of a rhetoric of metonymy as the basis of thinking with the principle of contiguity crucial to James's philosophy of mind. This relation between rhetoric and philosophy reiterates a rhetoric of mind that both Emerson and James associate with the older liberal education of the college just at the point that this curriculum is displaced by the professional, specialized disciplines of the emerging university in late nineteenth-century America.
How Pure Should Justice Be? Reflections on G. A. Cohen's Rhetorical Rescue
Authors: Rondel David 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this article I argue for two closely related conclusions: one concerned more narrowly with the internal consistency of G. A. Cohen's theorizing about justice and the unique rhetoric in which it is couched, the other connected to a more sweeping set of recommendations about how theorizing on justice is most promisingly undertaken. First, drawing on a famous insight of G. E. Moore, I argue that although the (Platonic) purity of Cohenian justice provides Cohen a platform from which to put some extremely challenging criticisms to Rawls and Rawlsian liberals, at the same time it generates a sort of self-referential paradox for many of the theses about the concept of justice to which Cohen himself is committed. I go on to conclude, using Rawls's theory of justice as a model, that it would serve political philosophy well to conceive of justice with less purity than Cohen conceives of it.
Quantum Gravity as Higher Dimensional Perspective
Authors: Langley Rob 
Published: July 2016

Although highly predictive in their respective macroscopic and microscopic domains of applicability, General Relativity and quantum mechanics are mathematically incompatible, perhaps most markedly in assumptions in their formalisms concerning the nature of space and time. In <em>perspective</em> we already have a conceptual structure that links the local, macroscopic frame and the remote, apparently microscopic frame. A mathematical principle is invoked as a natural limit on D(n), so that effects which are clearly perspectival at D=3 become ‘more real’ (<em>effectively</em> observer-independent) with each D(n) increment. For instance, the apparently microscopic becomes the effectively microscopic and <em>scale extremes are juxtaposed</em>, so that black holes are local, macroscopic vanishing-points, in a similar way to that in which in projective geometry the point at infinity is incorporated into the foreground. (In other words, <em>a black hole is a blown-up ‘Planck-scale’ singularity</em>.) Characteristics of the earthbound frame are applied to D&gt;3, suggesting a physical basis for entanglement, and perspectival interpretations of quantum gravity, dimensional reduction and the information paradox. We claim that the familiar processes whereby multiple physical states become describable by a single state in which composition information appears to be lost (e.g., ‘falling into a black hole’, the state of quantum linearity, and the state of freefall) are all examples of effective convergence of a space or <em>n</em>-surface to a single point of perspective.
Preoperative risk factors of malnutrition for cardiac surgery patients
Authors: Ringaitienė Donata , Gineitytė Dalia , Vicka Vaidas , Žvirblis Tadas , Šipylaitė Jūratė , Irnius Algimantas , Ivaškevičius Juozas 
Published: July 2016

Background. Malnutrition (MN) is prevalent in cardiac surgery, but there are no specific preoperative risk factors of MN. The aim of this study is to assess the clinically relevant risk factors of MN for cardiac surgery patients.
Materials and methods. The nutritional state of the patients was evaluated one day prior to surgery using a bioelectrical impedance analysis phase angle (PA). Two groups of patients were generated according to low PA: malnourished and well nourished. Risk factors of MN were divided into three clinically relevant groups: psychosocial and lifestyle factors, laboratory findings and disease-associated factors. Variables in each different group were entered into separate multivariate logistic regression models.
Results. A total of 712 patients were included in the study. The majority of them were 65-year old men after a CABG procedure. Low PA was present in 22.9% (163) of patients. The analysis of disease-related factors of MN revealed the importance of heart functions (NYHA IV class OR: 3.073, CI95%: 1.416–6.668, p = 0.007), valve pathology (OR: 1.825, CI95%: 1.182–2.819, p = 0.007), renal insufficiency (OR: 4.091, CI95%: 1.995–8.389, p
Active tuning of epsilon-near-zero point of hyperbolic metamaterial at visible and near-infrared regimes
Authors: Wang Hao , Zhao Hua , Su Hang , Hu Guangwei , Zhang Jingwen 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
An active method of continuously tuning the effective permittivity of a hyperbolic metamaterial at visible and near-infrared spectra is introduced in this letter. A transparent conducting oxide, whose optical properties can be altered accurately by applying an external voltage, is inserted into a traditional metal–dielectric multilayer structure to increase the degree of freedom for tuning the epsilon-near-zero point by shifting the topological transition point. The tuning effect is explained in detail by combining the relationship between permittivity and voltage with wavevector analysis. This may promote other active applications of hyperbolic metamaterials and ultrafast tunable optoelectronic devices.
Synthesis of calcium oxalate crystals in culture medium irradiated with non-equilibrium atmospheric-pressure plasma
Authors: Kurake Naoyuki , Tanaka Hiromasa , Ishikawa Kenji , Nakamura Kae , Kajiyama Hiroaki , Kikkawa Fumitaka , Mizuno Masaaki , Yamanishi Yoko , Hori Masaru 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Octahedral particulates several tens of microns in size were synthesized in a culture medium irradiated through contact with a plume of non-equilibrium atmospheric-pressure plasma (NEAPP). The particulates were identified in the crystalline phase as calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD). The original medium contained constituents such as NaCl, d-glucose, CaCl2, and NaHCO3 but not oxalate or oxalic acid. The oxalate was clearly synthesized and crystallized in the medium as thermodynamically unstable COD crystals after the NEAPP irradiation.
Analysis of line-and-space resist patterns with sub-20 nm half-pitch fabricated using high-numerical-aperture exposure tool of extreme ultraviolet lithography
Authors: Kozawa Takahiro , Santillan Julius Joseph , Itani Toshiro 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The resolution of resist processes for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography has been steadily improved and has reached the sub-20 nm half-pitch region. Currently, the resist materials capable of resolving 11 nm half-pitch line-and-space patterns are being developed in industrial fields. In this study, the line-and-space resist patterns with sub-20 nm half-pitches were fabricated using a high-numerical-aperture (NA) EUV exposure tool and analyzed by the Monte Carlo simulation. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of resist patterns after their development were compared with the latent images calculated on the basis of the sensitization and reaction mechanisms of chemically amplified EUV resists. The approximate relationship between resist patterns and latent images was clarified for the sub-20 nm half-pitch region. For the realization of 11 nm half-pitch fabrication, the suppression of the stochastic effects in the development process is an important consideration.
Catalytic Asymmetric Allylation of 3‐Aryloxindoles by Merging Palladium Catalysis and Asymmetric H‐Bonding Catalysis
Authors: Boucherif Amina , Duan Shu‐Wen , Yuan Zhi‐Guang , Lu Liang‐Qiu , Xiao Wen‐Jing 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA catalytic asymmetric allylic alkylation reaction of 3‐aryloxindoles was accomplished via a dual catalysis merging palladium catalysis and asymmetric H‐bonding catalysis for the first time. Using this approach, allylated oxindoles bearing chiral all‐carbon quaternary centers were produced in high yields with good enantioselectivities (up to 92 % yield and 96:4 er).magnified image