bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transition out of self-employment – evidence from Poland
Authors: Rokicka Magdalena 
Published: November 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to address the issue of self-employment exit in Poland and its determinants.Design/methodology/approachThe author examines the outflow from self-employment into different labour market status: employment, unemployment, inactivity using multinomial logistic regression. The analysis is conducted separately for men and women using Polish Labour Force Surveys (LFS) (2001-2007).FindingsResults indicate that personal and family characteristics have different impact on self-employment exit for men and women. However, unfavourable macroeconomic conditions have similar impact regardless gender. The author’s results show that higher local unemployment rate reduces the likelihood of self-employment exit into employment, while conducting business in a sector affected by economic downturn increase outflow from self-employment for both men and women.Research limitations/implicationsCertain limitations of the study arise from the design of the Polish LFS. It is a rotating panel with relatively few time periods, so it can only allow the author to analyse the outcomes in short-term perspectives.Practical implicationsThose results provide some background for potential policy interventions. In the context of persistent, high unemployment rates in Poland, there is need for some policy incentives which reinforce self-employment – an important alternative form of the labour market participation.Originality/valueMajority of previous studies focusses on self-employment creation, as policy incentives do. However, very little is known about the reasons for leaving self-employment. The author fills this gap analysing the outflow and transition from self-employment to different labour market status.
The relevance of conditional cash transfers in developing economy: the case of Muslim countries
Authors: Zulkhibri Muhamed 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to critically analyse the relevance of directly targeted poverty reduction programmes in Muslim countries by means of conditional cash transfers (CCTs). The paper analyses the best practices and lessons learnt to date and explores the practical issues to implement CCT poverty reduction programmes in Muslim countries.

Design/methodology/approach
The methodology is based on the qualitative assessment drawn from CCTs implementation in Muslim countries, namely Bangladesh, Indonesia, Pakistan and Turkey. The methodology also identifies the practical issues including the use of Islamic instruments to implement CCT poverty reduction programmes.

Findings
The analysis in Muslim countries suggests that CCT programmes have had a positive effect and that the costs are relatively affordable if implemented with appropriate programme designs. In many cases, there have been positive secondary effects over and above the primary goal of poverty reduction. The paper also argues that the concept of CCTs is in line with the underlying principle of Islam to eradicate poverty via cash distribution approach.

Originality/value
A decade long experience in some Muslim countries demonstrates that social cash transfers (including CCTs) have a significant impact on reducing poverty and vulnerability and promoting human development. Since none of CCT programmes in Muslim countries explore and integrate the potential of Islamic instruments (Zakat, Sadaqat, Awqaf and Qard Al-Hassan), it is timely for governments, multinational development institutions and non-profit organizations to utilize these instruments to tackling poverty.
What motivates employees to engage in the social economy sector? A case study of Greek cooperative enterprises
Authors: Sdrali Despina , Goussia-Rizou Maria , Giannouli Panagiota , Makris Konstantinos 
Published: November 2016

PurposeSocial economy employees focus on personal fulfillment and social good rather than economic gains. They prefer to work in a sector that promotes satisfaction and makes them feel worthy. The purpose of this paper is to investigate employees’ motivations to engage in the social economy sector, especially in a period of financial downturn in Greece. Furthermore, the impact of specific demographic characteristics on employees’ work motivation is examined.Design/methodology/approachThe research participants included 200 employees of worker cooperatives and social cooperative enterprises. A survey was conducted by collecting primary data and using a close-ended type questionnaire.FindingsAccording to the findings, intrinsic forces motivate the employees to a greater extent toward social economy sector than economic ones. However, the replacement of the profit motivation from the main concern, it does not mean that the employees are not interested in financials. The survey also indicated that the most important barrier for starting to work in the social economy sector is the difficulty in finding partners. Finally, the findings showed that demographic characteristics partially influence work motivations of Greek employees on the social economy sector.Originality/valueThe results of this study may interest employers in finding new ways to motivate employees toward social economy sector under economic crisis conditions.
Parenthood and labour division in Italian two-earner couples
Authors: Campolo Maria Gabriella , Di Pino Antonino , Rizzi Ester Lucia 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
Lack of robustness of findings characterizes the empirical studies about the effect of the transition to parenthood on partners’ labour division. In this analysis, the purpose of this paper is to solve these problems through the conjoint use of methodological instruments of regression analysis, allowing the authors to correct for the effects of omitted variables.

Design/methodology/approach
A correction method is here applied to a longitudinal simultaneous equation model. In particular, the authors impose specific constraints on the covariances of the error terms of the longitudinal simultaneous equations of the paid and domestic work of both partners. For the empirical analysis, use is made of the Italian National Institute of Statistics Multipurpose Panel Survey in the years 2003 and 2007 to select a survey sample of dual-earner Italian couples.

Findings
The authors found that the negative influence of motherhood on the Italian women’s paid work supply is stronger than the positive effect of wage. The authors found that having a child (whatever the order) decreases a woman’s paid work hours by 17 hours a week, while woman’s domestic work increases by 20 hours a week as the effect of the birth of the first child.

Originality/value
Compared to Fixed Effect or Change-Score models suggested for longitudinal studies the Seemingly Unrelated Regression Equations-Difference-in-Differences procedure let us obtain estimations also for the effect of time-invariant variables. In addition, the methodological approach allows us to correct estimates for the common effects that latent variables exert simultaneously (e.g. the bargaining process) on paid and unpaid work equations of both partners.
PROCEE: a PROstate Cancer Evaluation and Education serious game for African Caribbean men
Authors: Cosma Georgina , Brown David , Shopland Nicholas , Battersby Steven , Seymour-Smith Sarah , Archer Matthew , Khan Masood , Pockley A. Graham 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in men in the UK. Black men are in a higher prostate cancer risk group possibly due to inherent genetic factors. The purpose of this paper is to introduce PROstate Cancer Evaluation and Education (PROCEE), an innovative serious game aimed at providing prostate cancer information and risk evaluation to black African-Caribbean men.

Design/methodology/approach
PROCEE has been carefully co-designed with prostate cancer experts, prostate cancer patients and members of the black African-Caribbean community in order to ensure that it meets the real needs and expectations of the target audience.

Findings
During the co-design process, the users defined an easy to use and entertaining game which can effectively raise awareness, inform users about prostate cancer and their risk, and encourage symptomatic men to seek medical attention in a timely manner.

Originality/value
During focus group evaluations, users embraced the game and emphasised that it can potentially have a positive impact on changing user behaviour among high risk men who are experiencing symptoms and who are reluctant to visit their doctor.
Time-lag analysis of the agenda-building process between White House public relations and congressional policymaking activity
Authors: Schweickart Tiffany , Neil Jordan , Kim Ji Young , Kiousis Spiro 
Published: November 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the linkages between public relations efforts and policymaking activity during a non-election setting.Design/methodology/approachUsing a time-lag design, this study used content analysis to examine public relations materials and policymaking activity during the first six months of US President Barack Obama’s second term. The public relations data were collected from the official White House website and social media. The policymaking data were collected from congressional calendars of business.FindingsThe data revealed varying degrees of support across the three levels of agenda-building for issues, attributes, and issue/attribute co-occurrence. Contrary to the expected relationship that public relations drives policymaking activity, the data suggest that policymaking activity was a stronger predictor of public relations material.Research limitations/implicationsThis study provides modest support for time-lag agenda-building effects across three levels. However, future experimental research is needed to truly assess causal relationships. Future research should also explore alternative sources of data for policymaking activity.Practical implicationsThis study demonstrates that the efficacy of information subsidy types is not uniform and should be chosen strategically. Traditional subsidy types were most effective for driving issues, while digital subsidy types provided more useful outlets for driving issue attributes.Originality/valueThis study contributes to political public relations scholarship by exploring the temporal relationships between public relations efforts and policymaking activity in a non-election setting. The time-lag design serves as an exploratory inquiry into the agenda-building process.
The buffering effect of industry-wide crisis history during crisis
Authors: Lee Seul , Kim Sora 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
Two questions guide this study: “Do two crisis history types (i.e. organization-specific vs industry-wide) have the same effect on publics’ perception of the organization in a crisis?” And “Is there any significant difference in public responses between the high and low levels of issue involvement?” The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
A two organization-specific crisis history (frequent vs infrequent) × two industry-wide crisis history (frequent vs infrequent) × two consumer issue involvement (high vs low) between-subjects experimental design was employed.

Findings
This experiment suggests that an industry-wide crisis history can mitigate negative damages of a crisis, while an organization-specific crisis history intensifies the damages. This indicates that crisis history types should be considered as an important factor when diagnosing appropriate crisis response strategies during crisis. This study also identifies a stronger negative impact of an organization-specific crisis history among highly issue-involved publics than less involved publics.

Originality/value
This study extends situational crisis communication theory by identifying the buffering impact of an industry-wide crisis history and adding crisis history type as an influencer in the process of the publics’ crisis responsibility attributions.
Efficacy and safety of dose escalation of infliximab therapy in Japanese patients with psoriasis: Results of the SPREAD study
Authors: Torii Hideshi , Nakano Masayuki , Yano Toshiro , Kondo Kazuoki , Nakagawa Hidemi ,   The SPREAD Study Group
Published: November 2016

AbstractAlthough infliximab is approved for psoriasis, its efficacy is reduced over time in some patients. The aim of this phase III trial is to evaluate efficacy and safety of infliximab dose escalation in Japanese psoriasis patients with loss of efficacy to standard‐dose therapy. Patients with plaque psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, pustular psoriasis or psoriatic erythroderma who showed loss of efficacy to standard‐dose therapy received infliximab dose escalation (10 mg/kg every 8 weeks) from weeks 0 to 32. Loss of efficacy was defined as not maintaining 50% reduction in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 50) after achieving PASI 75. Efficacy and safety were evaluated up to week 40. Fifty‐one patients received dose escalation and 43 completed the study. PASI 75 and median improvement rate of PASI score at week 40 were 44% and 70.0%, respectively, showing efficacy in skin symptoms. Efficacies in quality of life, nail psoriasis and joint pain were also obtained. Median serum infliximab level increased from less than 0.1 to 1.1 μg/mL from weeks 0 to 40, showing positive correlation between efficacy and serum infliximab level at week 40. Favorable efficacy was observed in patients with detectable serum infliximab levels (≥0.1 μg/mL) at baseline. Incidences of adverse events, serious adverse events, serious infections and serious infusion reactions were 92%, 10%, 4% and 0%, respectively. No marked difference was observed in both efficacy and safety among psoriasis types. No new safety concerns were observed. Infliximab dose escalation was effective and well‐tolerated in psoriasis patients with loss of efficacy to standard‐dose therapy, suggesting that dose escalation may be a useful therapeutic option for these patients.
Phylogenetic relatedness, phenotypic similarity and plant–soil feedbacks
Authors: Fitzpatrick Connor R. , Gehant Laura , Kotanen Peter M. , Johnson Marc T. J. 
Published: November 2016

Summary

Plant–soil feedbacks contribute to species invasions, the maintenance of biodiversity and climate change impacts on terrestrial ecosystems. Despite their far‐reaching importance, we lack a general understanding of the ecological and evolutionary determinants of plant–soil feedbacks.

We conducted a large‐scale plant–soil feedback experiment using 49 co‐occurring plant species from southern Ontario, Canada, representing a wide phylogenetic range. We tested whether the effects of soil conditioning vary among these species and whether different focal species respond similarly to the same soil conditioning. Next, we investigated whether plant traits and soil feedbacks depend on phylogenetic similarity and which plant traits affect plant–soil feedbacks between pairs of plant species. Finally, we used our experimental results to test whether soil feedbacks affect co‐occurrence of species in the field.

We found evidence of both strong positive and negative soil feedbacks between pairs of plant species. Our soil‐conditioning treatment explained nearly 20% of the variation in focal species performance.

Phylogenetic relatedness and phenotypic similarity between plant species were unrelated to the strength of their soil feedback. However, numerous plant traits of the conditioning species influenced the strength of soil feedbacks on focal species, including specific leaf area and total above‐ground productivity. Trait differences between species were also predictive of plant–soil feedbacks, though for some pairs of species, increased trait differences were associated with positive plant–soil feedbacks and for others, trait differences were associated with negative plant–soil feedbacks.

Plant species co‐occurrence in the field was related to their experimentally determined soil feedbacks but only for particular plant species.

Synthesis. Our results illustrate how evolutionary history and phenotypic variation shape plant–soil feedbacks and highlight the need for trait‐based studies. Due to the unique evolutionary history of individual traits and the variability in their importance across all possible interacting species, we show that indices of overall phenotypic and phylogenetic relatedness are poor predictors of plant–soil feedbacks at large phylogenetic scales. We conclude that a detailed trait‐based approach can be used to predict plant–soil feedbacks, and laboratory measures of soil feedbacks can explain patterns of co‐occurrence in nature.
Copper toxicity response influences mesotrophic Synechococcus community structure
Authors: Stuart Rhona K. , Bundy Randelle , Buck Kristen , Ghassemain Majid , Barbeau Kathy , Palenik Brian 
Published: November 2016

SummaryPicocyanobacteria from the genus Synechococcus are ubiquitous in ocean waters. Their phylogenetic and genomic diversity suggests ecological niche differentiation, but the selective forces influencing this are not well defined. Marine picocyanobacteria are sensitive to Cu toxicity, so adaptations to this stress could represent a selective force within, and between, ‘species’, also known as clades. Here, we compared Cu stress responses in cultures and natural populations of marine Synechococcus from two co‐occurring major mesotrophic clades (I and IV). Using custom microarrays and proteomics to characterize expression responses to Cu in the lab and field, we found evidence for a general stress regulon in marine Synechococcus. However, the two clades also exhibited distinct responses to copper. The Clade I representative induced expression of genomic island genes in cultures and Southern California Bight populations, while the Clade IV representative downregulated Fe‐limitation proteins. Copper incubation experiments suggest that Clade IV populations may harbour stress‐tolerant subgroups, and thus fitness tradeoffs may govern Cu‐tolerant strain distributions. This work demonstrates that Synechococcus has distinct adaptive strategies to deal with Cu toxicity at both the clade and subclade level, implying that metal toxicity and stress response adaptations represent an important selective force for influencing diversity within marine Synechococcus populations.
Mechanisms of Oxidative Processes in Meat and Toxicity Induced by Postprandial Degradation Products: A Review
Authors: Papuc Camelia , Goran Gheorghe V. , Predescu Corina N. , Nicorescu Valentin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAntioxidant system loss after slaughtering, reactive species production, cell disruption, contact with oxygen and light, heme and nonheme iron, and irradiation starts up mainly by 2 related oxidative processes: lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation. Products generated in these processes are responsible for meat quality loss, and some of them are suspected to be toxic to humans. This review article is focused on reactive species implicated in oxidative processes in meat, on lipid peroxidation mechanisms, heme protein, and nonheme protein oxidation, and on some toxic oxidation and digestion products. Nonenzymatic fatty acid peroxidation is exemplified by an arachidonic acyl group, and the initiation of chain reaction can be described by 3 pathways: singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radical from the Fenton reaction, and perferrylmyoglobin. Enzymatic oxidation of fatty acids is exemplified using linoleic acid, and the main characteristics of lipoxygenase are also presented. Heme protein oxidation is described in an interrelation with lipid peroxidation and the significance for food quality is shown. For protein oxidation, 3 different mechanism types are described: oxidation of amino acid residues, oxidation of protein backbone, and reactions of proteins with carbonyl compounds from lipid peroxidation. The effects of oxidative damage on protein properties and bioavailability are also shown. At the end of each oxidative process, the postprandial toxicity induced by oxidation products and the dietary degradation products are presented. Also discussed are reports by some researchers who suggest that dietary lipid and protein oxidation products and heme iron from red meat are in part cytotoxic and/or genotoxic.
Cooking‐Induced Protein Modifications in Meat
Authors: Yu Tzer‐Yang , Morton James D. , Clerens Stefan , Dyer Jolon M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFood ingredients commonly undergo heat treatment. Meat, in particular, is typically consumed after some form of heating, such as boiling or roasting. Heating of meat can introduce a wide range of structural changes in its proteinaceous components. At the 3‐dimensional structural level, meat proteins may denature and form aggregates upon heating. At the molecular level, primary structure (amino acid residue) alterations reported in cooked meat include protein carbonylation, modification of aromatic residues, and the formation of Maillard reaction products. Identification of these modifications is essential for determining the mechanism of thermal processing of meat and allowing better control of the nutritional and functional properties of products. This article reviews and summarizes the current state of understanding of protein modifications at the molecular level in commonly consumed mammalian food. In addition, relevant case studies relating to characterization of heat‐induced amino acid residue‐level modifications in other biological materials such as milk and wool are discussed to provide complementary insights.
Determination of S‐methyl‐L‐methionine (SMM) from Brassicaceae Family Vegetables and Characterization of the Intestinal Transport of SMM by Caco‐2 Cells
Authors: Song Ji‐Hoon , Lee Hae‐Rim , Shim Soon‐Mi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe objectives of the current study were to determine S‐methyl‐L‐methionine (SMM) from various Brassicaceae family vegetables by using validated analytical method and to characterize the intestinal transport mechanism of SMM by the Caco‐2 cells. The SMM is well known to provide therapeutic activity in peptic ulcers. The amount of SMM from various Brassicaceae family vegetables ranged from 89.08 ± 1.68 μg/g to 535.98 ± 4.85 μg/g of dry weight by using validated ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry method. For elucidating intestinal transport mechanism, the cells were incubated with or without transport inhibitors, energy source, or a metabolic inhibitor. Phloridzin and verapamil as inhibitors of sodium glucose transport protein (SGLT1) and P‐glycoprotein, respectively, were not responsible for cellular uptake of SMM. Glucose and sodium azide were not affected by the cellular accumulation of SMM. The efflux ratio of SMM was 0.26, implying that it is not effluxed through Caco‐2 cells. The apparent coefficient permeability (Papp) of SMM was 4.69 × 10−5 cm/s, indicating that it will show good oral absorption in in vivo.