bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visible‐light‐sensitive photoredox catalysis by iron complexes: Applications in cationic and radical polymerization reactions
Authors: Zhang Jing , Campolo Damien , Dumur Frederic , Xiao Pu , Fouassier Jean Pierre , Gigmes Didier , Lalevée Jacques 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThe development of iron complexes for the photoredox catalysis is a huge challenge. Indeed, Iron complexes can be ideal candidates due to their potential visible light absorption and redox properties but also because they are less toxic, inexpensive and environmentally friendly compared to other catalysts. In the present paper, a series of novel iron complexes have been synthesized and utilized to initiate the free radical promoted cationic polymerization of epoxides or the free radical polymerization of acrylates through photoredox catalysis processes upon exposure to near UV (385 nm) or visible violet (405 nm) light emitting diodes (LEDs). When combined with an iodonium salt and N‐vinylcarbazole, the iron complex‐based photoinitiating systems are able to generate radicals, cations, and radical cations. The initiation efficiency is investigated through real‐time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and a satisfactory initiating ability is found. The mechanisms for the generation of the reactive initiating species through photoredox catalysis are studied by different methods (steady state photolysis, cyclic voltammetry and electron spin resonance spin trapping techniques) and discussed in detail. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 2247–2253
Plasticization and cocrystallization in LLDPE/wax blends
Authors: Gumede Thandi P. , Luyt Adriaan S. , Pérez‐Camargo Ricardo A. , Iturrospe Amaia , Arbe Arantxa , Zubitur Manuela , Mugica Agurtzane , Müller Alejandro J. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThe structure and thermal properties of linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE)/medium soft paraffin wax blends, prepared by melt mixing, were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and small‐ and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS and WAXS). The blends form a single phase in the melt as determined by SAXS. Upon cooling from the melt, two crystalline phases develop for blends with more than 10 wt % wax characterized by widely different melting points. The wax acts as an effective plasticizer for LLDPE, decreasing both its crystallization and melting temperature. The higher melting point crystalline phase is formed by less branched LLDPE fractions. On the other hand, the lower melting point crystalline phase is a wax‐rich phase constituted by cocrystals of extended chain wax and short linear sequences of highly branched LLDPE chains. The presence of cocrystals was evidenced by standard DSC results, successive self‐nucleation and annealing (SSA) thermal fractionation and by the detection of a new SAXS signal attributed to the lamellar long period of the cocrystals. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 1469–1482
Tidal volume measurements in infants: Opto‐electronic plethysmography versus pneumotachograph
Authors: Reinaux Cyda Maria Albuquerque , Aliverti Andrea , da Silva Lívia Gabriely Melo , da Silva Rafael Justino , Gonçalves Juliane Neves , Noronha Jessica Brito , Filho José Eulálio Cabral , de Andrade Armèle Dornelas , de Amorim Britto Murilo Carlos 
Published: March 2016

SummaryTidal breathing measurements by Opto‐Electronic Plethysmography (OEP) has been reported for infants limited to protocols with two chest wall compartments. Standard protocol for the analysis of adults, with three compartments of chest wall, has been unavailable for analysis of infants. We aimed to study the agreement of simultaneous measurements of tidal volume by OEP (VT,OEP) and a heated pneumotachograph (PNT) (VT,PNT) performed during sleeping in 20 infants (gestational age 35.1 ± 4.6 weeks) at 3–4 months postconceptual age with a three compartment protocol. From PNT and OEP measurements, tidal volume corrected (VT,PNT) for ambient conditions were calculated with a total number of 200 breaths. The two methods were in good agreement with tidal volume mean difference of 0.02 ml and limit of agreement −4.11 to 4.08 ml (95%CI), no relationship was found between differences and means of OEP and PNT measurements. Pulmonary rib cage, abdominal rib cage and abdomen contributed by 12.4 ± 9.7%, 5.2 ± 5.1%, and 82.4 ± 11.4% to VT,OEP, respectively. The OEP experimental protocol based on 52 markers and a three‐compartment model of the chest wall could be used in spontaneously sleeping infants. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:850–857. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Photoluminescence of microcrystalline silicon at low temperatures
Authors: Burdorf Sven , Brüggemann Rudolf 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAbstractauthoren Photoluminescence (PL) from semiconductors can be related with the quasi‐Fermi level splitting of the electron‐hole‐ensemble from which the radiation originates. For the interpretation of the temperature‐dependent c‐Si:H PL Planck's generalized law is extended and applied to describe the radiative recombination via band‐tail states. This substantial refinement of existing approaches allows for the modeling of temperature‐dependent spectra over the entire measured temperature range and furthermore provides access to the quasi‐Fermi level splitting (qFL) of electron‐hole ensembles in the thin film and furthermore yields quantitative information on band‐tail energies. In crystalline silicon, an increase in the quasi‐Fermi level splitting causes only an increase in the overall PL‐intensity, while the spectral shape of the spectrum is unaffected. In contrast, the PL‐spectra of c‐Si:H differ with varying qFL‐splitting both in intensity and shape. Only by introducing variations of qFL‐splitting and constructing an overall PL‐spectrum that is a superposition from excitation states with different qFL‐splittings, the experimental temperature‐dependent PL spectra from c‐Si:H can be reconstructed for the entire temperature range.Temperature‐dependent PL spectra of c‐Si:H silicon (symbols) and fits according to our proposed model (lines).
Theoretical investigation of the stability of defect complexes in silicon
Authors: Abgaryan Karine , Mutigullin Ilya 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn this work theoretical investigation of the stability of various defect complexes including vacancies, self‐interstitials and their clusters was performed by means of ab initio as well as molecular dynamic calculations. Meta‐stable defect configurations similar to those observed earlier experimentally were found. Also the software for the molecular dynamic calculations and for the visualization of calculation results was developed. The results of the first‐principles calculations were used for the parametrical fitting of Tersoff potential of silicon. Obtained potential was used to perform molecular dynamic calculations of the various configurations of defects in silicon. This approach allowed us to study the dynamics of the atomic system over time and temperature range. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electronic spectrum of Bi‐related defects in crystalline CdTe
Authors: Krivobok Vladimir , Nikolaev Sergey , Onischenko Evgeny , Pruchkina Anna , Kolosov Sergey , Klevkov Yuri , Bagaev Victor 
Published: March 2016

AbstractUsing measurements of conductivity and low‐temperature photoluminescence, we have studied electronic levels in the band gap of CdTe:Bi and CdTe:Bi,Cl single crystals grown by the modified Bridgman technique. Three type of deep levels (EV+0.29 eV, EV+0.4 eV, EV+0.72 eV) and Bi‐related shallow acceptor have been observed depending on the doping conditions. Energy spectrum of a shallow Bi‐related acceptor has been measured and its low symmetry has been established. The tentative interpretation for all the levels observed has been proposed. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural, optical and magnetic characteristics of II‐VI semiconductor nanocrystal‐graphene hybrid nanostructures
Authors: Savchuk Andriy I. , Stolyarchuk Ihor D. , Savchuk Serhii A. , Sheregij Eugeniusz M. , Polit Jacek 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCdS, CdTe, ZnO, and ZnO:Co nanocrystals and related hybrid nanostructures, in which the nanoparticles combined with graphene, have been studied. Different chemical approaches for synthesis of II‐VI semiconductor nanocrystal‐graphene hybrids have been applied depending on chemical composition. Transmission electron microscopy characterizations proved the formation of graphene based hybrid nanostructures. Absorption spectra near band‐gap edge have shown changes due to the interaction of the nanocrystals with graphene. The revealed photoluminescence quenching effect in II‐VI semiconductor nanocrystal‐graphene hybrids can be served as evidence for electron transfer from the nanoparticles to graphene. Results of Faraday rotation measurements in doped ZnO:Co nanocrystals and their hybrids at room temperature demonstrated paramagnetic behaviour for both kinds of samples. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The efficiency droop impact of GaN‐based LEDs on the performance of OFDM visible light communication system
Authors: Lu Huimin , Yu Tongjun , Jia Chuanyu , Zhang Yini , Wang Jianping , Zhang Guoyi 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe physical mechanism in efficiency droop of GaN‐based LEDs fabricated by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) was investigated by experiment and calculation. On this basis, the efficiency droop impact on the performance of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) visible‐light communication (VLC) system was analyzed. The numerical results show that the VLC system performance decreases obviously under the impact of the LED efficiency droop. And, the performance deterioration of OFDM VLC system aggravates as FFT sampling rate increase due to signal dynamic range enlargement. Furthermore, the efficiency droop impact on the VLC performance can be alleviated by adjusting the LED operating condition. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
In Vivo Interleukin-13-Primed Macrophages Contribute to Reduced Alloantigen-Specific T Cell Activation and Prolong Immunological Survival of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cell Implants
Authors: Hoornaert Chloé J. , Luyckx Evi , Reekmans Kristien , Dhainaut Maxime , Guglielmetti Caroline , Le Blon Debbie , Dooley Dearbhaile , Fransen Erik , Daans Jasmijn , Verbeeck Louca , Quarta Alessandra , De Vocht Nathalie , Lemmens Evi , Goossens Herman , Van der Linden Annemie , Roobrouck Valerie D. , Verfaillie Catherine , Hendrix Sven , Moser Muriel , Berneman Zwi N. , Ponsaerts Peter 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTransplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into injured or diseased tissue—for the in situ delivery of a wide variety of MSC-secreted therapeutic proteins—is an emerging approach for the modulation of the clinical course of several diseases and traumata. From an emergency point-of-view, allogeneic MSCs have numerous advantages over patient-specific autologous MSCs since “off-the-shelf” cell preparations could be readily available for instant therapeutic intervention following acute injury. Although we confirmed the in vitro immunomodulatory capacity of allogeneic MSCs on antigen-presenting cells with standard coculture experiments, allogeneic MSC grafts were irrevocably rejected by the host's immune system upon either intramuscular or intracerebral transplantation. In an attempt to modulate MSC allograft rejection in vivo, we transduced MSCs with an interleukin-13 (IL13)-expressing lentiviral vector. Our data clearly indicate that prolonged survival of IL13-expressing allogeneic MSC grafts in muscle tissue coincided with the induction of an alternatively activated macrophage phenotype in vivo and a reduced number of alloantigen-reactive IFNγ- and/or IL2-producing CD8+ T cells compared to nonmodified allografts. Similarly, intracerebral IL13-expressing MSC allografts also exhibited prolonged survival and induction of an alternatively activated macrophage phenotype, although a peripheral T cell component was absent. In summary, this study demonstrates that both innate and adaptive immune responses are effectively modulated in vivo by locally secreted IL13, ultimately resulting in prolonged MSC allograft survival in both muscle and brain tissue.
Foxi3 Deficiency Compromises Hair Follicle Stem Cell Specification and Activation
Authors: Shirokova Vera , Biggs Leah C. , Jussila Maria , Ohyama Takahiro , Groves Andrew K. , Mikkola Marja L. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The hair follicle is an ideal system to study stem cell specification and homeostasis due to its well characterized morphogenesis and stereotypic cycles of stem cell activation upon each hair cycle to produce a new hair shaft. The adult hair follicle stem cell niche consists of two distinct populations, the bulge and the more activation-prone secondary hair germ (HG). Hair follicle stem cells are set aside during early stages of morphogenesis. This process is known to depend on the Sox9 transcription factor, but otherwise the establishment of the hair follicle stem cell niche is poorly understood. Here, we show that that mutation of Foxi3, a Forkhead family transcription factor mutated in several hairless dog breeds, compromises stem cell specification. Further, loss of Foxi3 impedes hair follicle downgrowth and progression of the hair cycle. Genome-wide profiling revealed a number of downstream effectors of Foxi3 including transcription factors with a recognized function in hair follicle stem cells such as Lhx2, Runx1, and Nfatc1, suggesting that the Foxi3 mutant phenotype results from simultaneous downregulation of several stem cell signature genes. We show that Foxi3 displays a highly dynamic expression pattern during hair morphogenesis and cycling, and identify Foxi3 as a novel secondary HG marker. Absence of Foxi3 results in poor hair regeneration upon hair plucking, and a sparse fur phenotype in unperturbed mice that exacerbates with age, caused by impaired secondary HG activation leading to progressive depletion of stem cells. Thus, Foxi3 regulates multiple aspects of hair follicle development and homeostasis.
Variation in fibre volume and orientation in walls: experimental and numerical investigations
Authors: Žirgulis Giedrius , Švec Oldřich , Geiker Mette Rica , Cwirzen Andrzej , Kanstad Terje 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPrevious research with fibre‐reinforced slab elements has shown that the surface roughness of formwork and the presence of rebars affect fibre orientation and fibre volume distribution. This paper discusses the orientation and volume distribution of steel fibres in wall elements cast from a single point. Aparticular focus of the work was the effect of formwork tie ba rs on fibre orientation and distribution. Numerical simulations and X‐ray computed tomography were appliedto quantify the fibre orientation and distribution, and the mechanical performance was determined using three‐point bending tests on sawn beams. The Thorenfeldt model (applied in the Norwegian proposal for the new fibre‐reinforced concrete guideline) was used to estimate the residual flexural tensile strength based on fibre orientation and distribution.The simulation results show that the fibre orientation can be related to the flow pattern. The results indicate a large variation in fibre orientation, which was confirmedexperimentally. The fibre volume distribution was mostly uniform, except for an area with fewer fibres at the casting point. The large variation in fibre orientation was reflected in a large variation in residual flexural tensile strengths. Weak zones due to anisotropic fibre orientation, caused by formwork tie bars, were observed.
Effect of diesel exhaust particles on renal vascular responses in rats with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Al Suleimani Y. M. , Al Mahruqi A. S. , Al Za'abi M. , Shalaby A. , Ashique M. , Nemmar A. , Ali B. H. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTSeveral recent studies have indicated the possible association between exposure to particulate air pollution and the increased rate of morbidity and mortality in patients with kidney diseases. The link of this observation to vascular damage has not been adequately addressed. Therefore, this study aims to investigate possible vascular damage that might be associated with exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DP) in adenine (AD)‐induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) in rats, and the possible ameliorative effect of gum acacia (GA). CKD was induced by feeding AD (0.75%, w/w), and DP (0.5 mg/kg) was instilled intratracheally every second day and GA was given concomitantly in the drinking water at a dose of 15% w/v. All treatments were given concomitantly for 28 days. Changes in renal blood flow (RBF) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were monitored in these animals after anesthesia, together with several other endpoints. Exposure to DP significantly reduced RBF and this was significantly potentiated in AD‐treated rats. Phenylephrine‐induced decreases in RBF and increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure were severely potentiated in rats exposed to DP, and these actions were significantly augmented in AD‐treated rats. GA did not significantly affect the vascular impairment induced by AD and DP given together. This study provides experimental evidence that exposure to particulate air pollution can exacerbate the vascular damage seen in patients with CKD. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 541–549, 2017.
How large is a river? Conceptualizing river landscape signatures and envelopes in four dimensions
Authors: Gurnell Angela M. , Bertoldi Walter , Tockner Klement , Wharton Geraldene , Zolezzi Guido 
Published: March 2016

River research often addresses the influence of anthropogenic and natural processes on the ecological, hydrological, and geomorphological dynamics of river systems. However, here we take a river‐centered approach and consider how rivers influence their landscapes by developing concepts of river landscape ‘signatures’ and ‘envelopes.’ The influence of a river penetrates well beyond its channel into the atmosphere, across the land surface, and into the subsurface. We define a signature as an emergent property of a set of processes acting on a river landscape, and its envelope as the dynamic penetration of the signature across the landscape. The potential to recognize river signatures and envelopes is driven by unprecedented expansion in data acquisition, processing, and modeling technologies. The spatial envelope of any particular signature will have fuzzy and temporally dynamic edges, may rapidly expand and contract, may differ in its extent from other signatures, and may be highly permeable to many organisms using the river (and broader) landscape. However, an understanding of the approximate dynamic envelope of a signature is crucial to understanding the contribution of rivers at a landscape scale and to informing the sustainable management of these landscapes and their ecosystem services. WIREs Water 2016, 3:313–325. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1143This article is categorized under:

Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness
Water and Life > Nature of Freshwater Ecosystems
Engineering Water > Planning Water
Age‐specific survival of reintroduced swift fox in Badlands National Park and surrounding lands
Authors: Sasmal Indrani , Klaver Robert W. , Jenks Jonathan A. , Schroeder Greg M. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTIn 2003, a reintroduction program was initiated at Badlands National Park (BNP), South Dakota, USA, with swift foxes (Vulpes velox) translocated from Colorado and Wyoming, USA, as part of a restoration effort to recover declining swift fox populations throughout its historical range. Estimates of age‐specific survival are necessary to evaluate the potential for population growth of reintroduced populations. We used 7 years (2003–2009) of capture–recapture data of 243 pups, 29 yearlings, and 69 adult swift foxes at BNP and the surrounding area to construct Cormack–Jolly–Seber model estimates of apparent survival within a capture–mark–recapture framework using Program MARK. The best model for estimating recapture probabilities included no differences among age classes, greater recapture probabilities during early years of the monitoring effort than later years, and variation among spring, winter, and summer. Our top ranked survival model indicated pup survival differed from that of yearlings and adults and varied by month and year. The apparent annual survival probability of pups (0.47, SE = 0.10) in our study area was greater than the apparent annual survival probability of yearlings and adults (0.27, SE = 0.08). Our results indicate low survival probabilities for a reintroduced population of swift foxes in the BNP and surrounding areas. Management of reintroduced populations and future reintroductions of swift foxes should consider the effects of relative low annual survival on population demography. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Signaling via the NFκB system
Authors: Mitchell Simon , Vargas Jesse , Hoffmann Alexander 
Published: March 2016

The nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) family of transcription factors is a key regulator of immune development, immune responses, inflammation, and cancer. The NFκB signaling system (defined by the interactions between NFκB dimers, IκB regulators, and IKK complexes) is responsive to a number of stimuli, and upon ligand–receptor engagement, distinct cellular outcomes, appropriate to the specific signal received, are set into motion. After almost three decades of study, many signaling mechanisms are well understood, rendering them amenable to mathematical modeling, which can reveal deeper insights about the regulatory design principles. While other reviews have focused on upstream, receptor proximal signaling (Hayden MS, Ghosh S. Signaling to NF‐κB. Genes Dev 2004, 18:2195–2224; Verstrepen L, Bekaert T, Chau TL, Tavernier J, Chariot A, Beyaert R. TLR‐4, IL‐1R and TNF‐R signaling to NF‐κB: variations on a common theme. Cell Mol Life Sci 2008, 65:2964–2978), and advances through computational modeling (Basak S, Behar M, Hoffmann A. Lessons from mathematically modeling the NF‐κB pathway. Immunol Rev 2012, 246:221–238; Williams R, Timmis J, Qwarnstrom E. Computational models of the NF‐KB signalling pathway. Computation 2014, 2:131), in this review we aim to summarize the current understanding of the NFκB signaling system itself, the molecular mechanisms, and systems properties that are key to its diverse biological functions, and we discuss remaining questions in the field. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2016, 8:227–241. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1331This article is categorized under:

Biological Mechanisms > Cell Signaling
Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Mechanistic Models
Physiology > Organismal Responses to Environment
Overexpression of the truncated version of ILV2 enhances glycerol production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Murashchenko Lidiia , Abbas Charles , Dmytruk Kostyantyn , Sibirny Andriy 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAcetolactate synthase is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyses the conversion of two pyruvate molecules to an acetolactate molecule with release of carbon dioxide. The overexpression of the truncated version of the corresponding gene, ILV2, that codes for presumably cytosolic acetolactate synthase in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, led to a decrease in intracellular pyruvate concentration. This recombinant strain was also characterized by a four‐fold increase in glycerol production, with a concomitant 1.8‐fold reduction in ethanol production, when compared to that of the wild‐type strain under anaerobic conditions in a glucose alcoholic fermentation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.