bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid in situ carbon-13 hyperpolarization and imaging of acetate and pyruvate esters without external polarizer
Authors: Mohiuddin Obaid , de Maissin Henri , Pravdivtsev Andrey N. , Brahms Arne , Herzog Marvin , Schröder Leif , Chekmenev Eduard Y. , Herges Rainer , Hövener Jan-Bernd , Zaitsev Maxim , von Elverfeldt Dominik , Schmidt Andreas B. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHyperpolarized 13C MRI visualizes real-time metabolic processes in vivo. In this study, we achieved high 13C polarization in situ in the bore of an MRI system for precursor molecules of most widely employed hyperpolarized agents: [1-13C]acetate and [1-13C]pyruvate ethyl esters in their perdeuterated forms, enhancing hyperpolarization lifetimes, hyperpolarized to P13C ≈ 28% at 80 mM concentration and P13C ≈ 19% at 10 mM concentration, respectively. Using vinyl esters as unsaturated Parahydrogen-Induced Polarization via Side-Arm Hydrogenation (PHIP-SAH) precursors and our novel polarization setup, we achieved these hyperpolarization levels by fast side-arm hydrogenation in acetone-d6 at elevated temperatures (up to 90°C) and hydrogenation pressures (up to 32 bar). We optimized the hyperpolarization process, reducing it to under 10 s, and employed advanced pulse sequences to enhance the polarization transfer efficiency. The hyperpolarization system has a small footprint, allowing it to be positioned in the same magnet, where 13C MRI is performed. We exemplified the utility of the design with sub-second in situ 13C MRI of ethyl [1-13C]pyruvate-d6. However, challenges remain in side-arm cleavage and purification in the MRI system to extract highly polarized aqueous agent solutions. Our results showcase efficient and rapid 13C hyperpolarization of these metabolite precursors in an MRI system with minimal additional hardware, promising to enhance future throughput and access to hyperpolarized 13C MRI.
Tight junction protein LSR is a host defense factor against SARS-CoV-2 infection in the small intestine
Authors: An Yanan , Wang Chao , Wang Ziqi , Kong Feng , Liu Hao , Jiang Min , Liu Ti , Zhang Shu , Du Kaige , Yin Liang , Jiao Peng , Li Ying , Fan Baozhen , Zhou Chengjun , Wang Mingxia , Sun Hui , Lei Jie , Zhao Shengtian , Gong Yongfeng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe identification of host factors with antiviral potential is important for developing effective prevention and therapeutic strategies against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, by using immortalized cell lines, intestinal organoids, ex vivo intestinal tissues and humanized ACE2 mouse model as proof-of-principle systems, we have identified lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR) as a crucial host defense factor against SARS-CoV-2 infection in the small intestine. Loss of endogenous LSR enhances ACE2-dependent infection by SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein-pseudotyped virus and authentic SARS-CoV-2 virus, and exogenous administration of LSR protects against viral infection. Mechanistically, LSR interacts with ACE2 both in cis and in trans, preventing its binding to S protein, and thus inhibiting viral entry and S protein-mediated cell–cell fusion. Finally, a small LSR-derived peptide blocks S protein binding to the ACE2 receptor in vitro. These results identify both a previously unknown function for LSR in antiviral host defense against SARS-CoV-2, with potential implications for peptide-based pan-variant therapeutic interventions.
W‐band inline waveguide‐to‐coupled microstrip line transition using a compact differential antenna
Authors: Liu Guangru , Zhu Huali , Zhang Tiedi , Zhang Bo , Luo Xiang , Zhang Yong , Yan Bo , Xu Ruimin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHere, a transition technique for converting signals from rectangular waveguide to coupled microstrip lines (CML) is presented, which provides a solution for differential antenna array feeding of automotive radar. The key to the proposed transition structure is to connect the coupling patches together with a short‐bridge structure, thus forming a quasi‐loop structure. Through the short bridge, the radiation efficiency of the antenna is greatly enhanced, and the mode conversion from TE10 of rectangle waveguide to differential mode of coupled microstrip line is realized effectively under the extremely compact size. Finally, the designed transition structure is manufactured and measured. The experimental results show that the back‐to‐back insertion loss is lower than 0.65 dB and the return loss is higher than 16.8 dB in the W‐band (75–110 GHz), which is the best performance and the simplest design among the relevant transition transitions reported so far.
SiamVIT: A patchwise network for γ-ray point source detection
Authors: Long Ma , Yu Zhang , Zoujian Wei , Xiaotian Wang , Jiarong Xin 
Published: October 2024

Aims. Conventional point source detection methods generally work in a pixelwise manner and can hardly exploit the overall semantic information of sources; consequently, these methods usually suffer from low precision. In this work we achieve point source detection in fully patchwise mode by proposing a siamese network called SiamVIT that includes a visual transformer (VIT). SiamVIT can effectively and accurately locate point sources from γ-ray maps with high purity not only in higher flux regions, but also in lower flux regions, which is extremely challenging to achieve with state-of-the-art methods.
Methods. SiamVIT consists of two VIT branches and a matching block. In the feature extraction stage, γ-ray maps are fed into one VIT branch to obtain patch representations with adequate semantic and contextual information, whereas detection templates with location information are fed into the other branch to produce template representations. In the location stage, a patch representation and all template representations are fed into the matching block to determine whether the associated γ-ray map patch contains a point source and where that point source is located, if applicable.
Results. We compare our proposed SiamVIT with the current advanced methods and find that SiamVIT has significantly better purity and completeness and a superior Dice coefficient on the test set. In addition, when point sources overlap, SiamVIT can better distinguish different point sources.
Cardiac Dysfunction Associated with Lacosamide in a Premature Infant with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Case Report
Authors: Chatmethakul Trassanee , Stanford Amy H. , Rios Danielle R. , Bischoff Adrianne R. , Czech Theresa , McNamara Patrick J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLacosamide (Vimpat Harris FRC Corporation, 2022 UCB, Inc. Smyrna, GA 30080) is an antiseizure medication, which acts through blockage of voltage-gated neuronal sodium channels. Its recent implementation in the neonatal population has been extrapolated from adult and pediatric data suggesting a favorable safety profile. Of note, preterm infants have unique developmental characteristics that may predispose them to increased risk of adverse reactions. We present a case of a preterm neonate who developed left ventricular dysfunction coinciding with the initiation of lacosamide.
Quality of Sleep Profiles and Mental Health Issues among University Students
Authors: Antúnez Zayra , Vergara Rodrigo C. , Rosa Sebastián , Zapata Javiera , Espinoza Wilson , Ortiz Natacha , Parra Loreto , Santander Jorge , Baader Tomas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objective To detect and characterize sleep quality profiles and to analyze their relationship with depression, anxiety, and stress in a sample of 1,861 Chilean students.
Materials and Methods After providing informed consent, the students filled out online questionnaires and received immediate feedback. Hierarchical cluster analyses were conducted to detect sleep quality profiles, which were characterized using the Kruskal-Wallis's test. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to correlate sleep quality profiles with mental health variables. The dendrogram revealed four distinct groups of interest, each with different patterns in the subscales of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).
Results The results enabled us to establish four sleep quality profiles based on hierarchical cluster analysis, which were, in different ways, associated with the prevalence of symptoms of mental health issues. A profile of good sleeper was found, which presents good overall sleep quality and mild symptoms of mental health issues. The effective sleeper profile presents poor subjective sleep quality and good sleep efficiency, with mild symptoms of mental health issues. The poor sleeper profile presents poor overall sleep quality, sleeping between 5 and 6 hours and presenting moderate symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. The sleeper with hypnotic use profile obtains the most deficient results in sleep quality and presents symptoms of severe mental health issues.
Conclusions The present study revealed a strong association and correlation between sleep quality profiles and mental health issues. Four distinct sleep quality profiles were identified, showing notable differences. This understanding enables the application of targeted preventive strategies according to each profile.
Prevalence and Impact of Constipation on Reconstructive Outcomes Following Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Nguyen Theodore V. , Hong Ellen M. , Bitner Benjamin F. , Chernyak Michelle , Chan Daniella , Dilley Katelyn K. , Abiri Arash , Li Ji Y. , Torabi Sina J. , Pang Jonathan C. , Hsu Frank P.K. , Kuan Edward C. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objective Postoperative constipation in endoscopic skull base surgery (ESBS) may provoke undesired straining, which, in theory, may create intracranial pressure shifts and impact skull base reconstruction. The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence and contributing factors to postoperative constipation after ESBS, and whether this impacts reconstructive outcomes.
Methods Patients undergoing ESBS between July 2018 and December 2022 at a single-center, tertiary academic skull base surgery program were retrospectively reviewed. Chart reviews were performed to identify average bowel movements per day, indication for surgery, age, sex, body mass index (BMI), history of chronic pain, length of postoperative bedrest, length of stay (LOS), and postoperative use of opioid analgesics. Additionally, use of a standing stool bowel regimen, as-needed (PRN) stool softeners/laxatives, and enemas were recorded. Constipation was defined as greater than 48 hours without a bowel movement.
Results In total, 213 patients (115 with intradural pathologies) were identified, of which 146 (69%) patients had postoperative constipation. Postoperative constipation was associated with longer bedrest (1.86 ± 0.20 vs. 1.06 ± 0.12 days; p = 0.011); increased morphine equivalent dose (MED) during postoperative days 2, 3, 5, and 6 (all p < 0.05); and total postoperative MED (106.70 ± 14.01 vs. 46.88 ± 8.44 mg; p < 0.001). Additionally, postoperative constipation was an independent predictor of LOS (p = 0.009). There were no differences in postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak between the groups (p = 0.622).
Conclusion Postoperative constipation rates were high after ESBS and likely causative factors include increased immobilization and postoperative opioid use. Standing bowel regimens should be considered in ESBS patients. However, there was no increased rate of postoperative CSF leaks.
AISI D2 steel machining and manufacturing process optimization for tooling applications in biomedical industry
Authors: Tlija Mehdi , Rashid Tayyiba , Sana Muhammad , Farooq Muhammad Umar , Ammarullah Muhammad Imam 
Published: October 2024

Tool steels such as AISI D2 are famous in the manufacturing industry because of their engineering applications. The precise interplay of improved hardness and toughness makes the machining of complex geometries challenging through conventional machining options. Therefore, non-conventional processes such as wire electric discharge machining (WEDM) are preferred because of their simultaneous machining and surface modification actions. To investigate the complex process parameters and their sensitivity, material removal rate (MRR) and cutting surface roughness (SR) are the corresponding performance measure characteristics for WEDM machining on AISI D2 tool steel. The L18 mixed-level Taguchi technique has been used for obtaining combinations of experiments on two levels of thickness and three levels of other remaining factors (21 × 33). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and signal-to-noise ratio have been applied to measure the magnitude of effects on each control factor, to investigate the optimum levels of input process parameters on machining characteristics, and to identify their significance. ANOVA analysis revealed that, for both responses, all main effect variables are highly significant, with p-values equal to zero. Moreover, the coefficient of determination (R2) value in the ANOVA findings for both responses is above 97%, indicating the high reliability of the model. In addition, the composite desirability (dG) is considered to maximize MRR and minimize the SR during WEDM of D2; the better combination of optimum levels of machining parameters (T = 25.4 mm, Pon = 4 µs, SV = 95 V, and WT = 5 kg-f) has a dG of 0.5614.
Study on single particle compression crushing characteristics of iron ore with five different particle sizes
Authors: Yin Zixin , Wang Nan , Li Tongqing 
Published: October 2024

The mechanical properties of particulate materials are among the main factors affecting the grinding and crushing of ball mills. To quantitatively describe the relationship between the breakage characteristics and the stress intensity of irregular particulate materials, this study takes iron ore particles as the research object. It selects five particle size grades of iron ore particles (−4.75 + 3.35, −6.7 + 4.75, −9.5 + 6.7, −13 + 9.5, and −16 + 13 mm) for single particle strength tests. The results showed that the iron ore particles were irregular with certain slenderness and flatness characteristics. The larger the particle size, the lower the sphericity, and the greater the degree of irregularity. As the size of the iron ore particles increased, the number of peak points on the pressure–displacement curve of the particles increased significantly, and the crushing load increased. The single-particle strength of the iron ore particles followed a Weibull distribution, and the Weibull modulus parameter ranged between 2.03 and 2.49.
Experimental and numerical fire behaviour analysis in Eucalyptus globulus trees
Authors: Modarres MohammadReza , Almeida Miguel , Viegas Domingos X. 
Published: October 2024

Background Eucalyptus globulus is highly susceptible to fire, and contributes to increased fire intensity. In 2021, it spanned 25 million hectares, marking it as the forest genus with the broadest area of cultivation. Aims This study investigates the flammability characteristics of Eucalyptus globulus relative to the fuel age, focusing on fire thermal and physical characteristics. Methods Experimental and numerical analyses were performed using the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) within the large-eddy simulation (LES)-based Lagrangian particle cloud model. Results Six-month-old Eucalyptus globulus trees present a significant fire hazard. Older trees (3 and 5 years) exhibit more intense burns owing to reduced moisture content and larger fuel elements. Conclusions The flammability of Eucalyptus globulus varies with the growth stage, as older plants generate higher heat flux and burn more intensely owing to larger fuel elements, concentrated volatile compounds and reduced moisture content. In contrast, younger plants are more prone to ignition but exhibit lower heat flux and higher flame lengths relative to crown height. Simulations using FDS 6.8.0 effectively can predict plants’ key flammability and fire characteristics based on detailed laboratory data, demonstrating this tool’s capability in fire dynamics modelling and its behaviour prediction. Implications These findings can enhance fire modelling result quality and risk assessment in eucalyptus forests, guiding targeted fire management strategies.
On learning the optimal regularization parameter in inverse problems
Authors: Chirinos-Rodríguez Jonathan , De Vito Ernesto , Molinari Cesare , Rosasco Lorenzo , Villa Silvia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Selecting the best regularization parameter in inverse problems is a classical and yet challenging problem. Recently, data-driven approaches based on supervised learning have become popular to tackle this challenge. These approaches are appealing since they do require less a priori knowledge, but their theoretical analysis is limited. In this paper, we propose and study a statistical machine learning approach, based on empirical risk minimization. Our main contribution is a theoretical analysis, showing that, provided with enough data, this approach can reach sharp rates while being essentially adaptive to the noise and smoothness of the problem. Numerical simulations corroborate and illustrate the theoretical findings. Our results are a step towards grounding theoretically data-driven approaches based on supervised learning to inverse problems.
Quantitative evaluation of residual resist in electron beam lithography based on scanning electron microscopy imaging and thresholding segmentation algorithm
Authors: Mao Qingyuan , Zhu Jingyuan , Wang Zhanshan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Electron beam lithography is a critical technology for achieving high-precision nanoscale patterning. The presence of resist residues in the structures can significantly affect subsequent processes such as etching and lift-off. However, the evaluation and optimization of resist residues currently relies on qualitative observations like scanning electron microscopy (SEM), necessitating multiple experiments to iteratively optimize exposure parameters, which is not only labor-intensive but also costly. Here, we propose a quantitative method to evaluate resist residues. By processing the obtained SEM images using a threshold segmentation algorithm, we segmented the resist structure region and the residual resist region in the images. The grayscale values of these two regions are identified, and the residues are quantified based on the ratio of these values. Furthermore, a relationship curve between the residue amount and the exposure dose is plotted to predict the optimal exposure dose. To validate this method, we fabricated hydrogen silsesquioxane annular grating structures with 30 nm linewidth and analyzed the residue levels over an exposure dose range of 2000–2500 μC cm–2, predicting the optimal dose to be 1800 μC cm–2 and confirming this through experiments. Additionally, we applied the method to polymethyl methacrylate and ZEP-520A structures, achieving similarly accurate results, further confirming the method’s general applicability. This method has the potential to reduce experimental costs and improve yield and production efficiency in nano fabrication.
Discharge characteristics of silicon-based DC Helium microplasmas: comparison between Through Silicon Via and closed cavity type micro-reactors
Authors: Kouadou E , Iseni S , Stolz A , Lefaucheux P , Dussart R 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper explores the microfabrication process of plasma reactors, from the production of micro-reactors to the addition of through silicon vias (TSV) using proprietary etching techniques and on site cleanroom facilities. The investigation focuses on both newly fabricated closed and open-cavity micro-hollow cathode discharge (MHCD) reactors, with particular emphasis on electrical and optical diagnostics to characterize their plasma properties. All experiments, including those on closed-cavity reactors, were specifically conducted for this study under identical conditions to ensure a rigorous comparison between reactor types. When electrical diagnostics were carried out in helium at various pressures, interesting phenomena such as the evolution of voltage breakdown were observed. These diagnostics also provided new insights into the impact of surface electrode and overall geometry properties and pressure on reactor performance. Additional investigation into instability mechanisms revealed self-pulsing oscillations, with different reactor types having different oscillation amplitudes for similar operating conditions. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) emerged as a strong tool for spatial plasma analysis, revealing consistent gas temperature distributions across reactor diameters. The Inglis-Teller series provided an estimate of the upper limit of electron density, while the Stark broadening analysis of

H
α

offered valuable insights into electron density variations, particularly in the self-pulsing regime.
A flexural-beam-type wide-frequency piezoelectric energy harvester for vertical shaft lifting system vibration monitoring
Authors: Ma Tianbing , Zhang Wenjie , Du Fei , Shi Rui , Zhang Zhihao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The coal mine lifting system may experience serious safety accidents due to severe problems with the bucket guides and rolling guide shoes. A piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH) device for vibration sensor monitoring of shaft lifting system is proposed for the first time to monitor health of shaft lifting system. However, there are differences in the vibration frequencies, the working conditions are complex, leading to issues such as low energy recovery efficiency of the PEH and difficulty in achieving self-powered. To enhance PEH adaptability and reliability, a specifically designed flexural-beam-type wide-frequency piezoelectric energy harvester (FBT-WF-PEH) and a method of achieving real-time vibration monitoring through auxiliary power supply have been proposed. The results indicate when the excited frequency is 17 Hz, the highest external output voltage is 11.2 V, and under an external load of 17.5 kΩ, the maximum output power is 7.168 mW, demonstrating a good performance in terms of output power, and energy harvest bandwidth. The captive power supply test verified the PEH can utilize the vibration environment to achieve auxiliary power supply for monitoring systems under working conditions, which is of great significance for conducting research on health monitoring systems for lifting equipment. On the other hand, the new structure proposed in this study matches the operating frequency in the shaft lifting system, and the energy harvest efficiency is higher.
Highly sensitive quad-ray shaped polarization insensitive THz meta-biosensor
Authors: Ali Muhammad , Naveed Muhammad Ashar , Ramzan Faizan , Alvi Talha Shahid , Aljaloud Khaled A , Alqahtani Ali H , Alresheedi Mohammed Thamer , Hussain Rifaqat , Mehmood Muhammad Qasim 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Metasurface-based sensors are now becoming crucial for label-free and rapid-detection technologies in biomedical applications, leading to a growing demand for new highly sensitive meta-biosensors. This paper demonstrates a perfectly symmetrical quad-ray X-shaped THz meta-absorber (QRXMA), enabling narrowband and polarization insensitivity performance. The theoretical modelling and performance investigation focuses on its potential for improved refractive index (RI) sensing for multiple biological samples. The simulation outcomes reveal that the proposed optimal QRXMA achieves an absorption rate of 99.98% at 1.3 THz for both TE and TM polarized incidences. Furthermore, we highlight the adjustability of absorptive characteristics of the proposed device by altering the different geometric parameters. These findings underscore the QRXMA potential in RI sensing applications, achieving a sensitivity of approximately 116.8 GHz RIU−1 and a figure of Merit (FoM) of about 2 with an 8 μm thick non-destructive analyte layer. This research makes a significant contribution to the development of highly efficient meta-biosensors with promising applications in THz detection, sensing, and imaging.