bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health impact of urban green spaces: a systematic review of heat-related morbidity and mortality
Authors: Nazish Ahsana , Abbas Kiran , Sattar Emmama 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesThe objective of this review was to scrutinise the impact of urban green spaces on heat-related morbidity and mortality.DesignThis systematic review was meticulously carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelinesData sourcesA comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar including studies from January 2000 to December 2022.Eligibility criteriaStudies that examined the influence of urban green spaces on heat-related morbidity and mortality, including randomised controlled trials, observational and modelling studies, were included.Data extraction and synthesisA total of 3301 publications were initially identified, out of which 12 studies met the inclusion criteria and were selected for analysis. The selected studies were predominantly from high-income and upper-middle-income nations (95%).ResultsThe research points towards a pattern where regions abundant in green spaces report lower rates of heat-related morbidity and mortality in contrast to those with sparse greenery. Additionally, urban vegetation appears to exert a positive influence on mental health and well-being, potentially aiding in offsetting the adverse health repercussions of high temperatures.ConclusionUrban green spaces play a vital role in mitigating heat-related health risks, offering a potential strategy for urban planning to address climate change and enhance public health. Additional research is required to thoroughly comprehend the magnitude of urban greenery’s impact on heat-related morbidity and mortality, as well as its interplay with other variables, including air pollution, socioeconomic status, among others.
Are narwhals critical for the meat supply in East Greenland?
Authors: Heide-Jørgensen Mads Peter 
Published: October 2024

In East Greenland, the recommendations for the closure of the narwhal ( Monodon monoceros) hunt coincide with a pressing demand to continue hunting for meat to supply local communities. By analysing catch statistics and estimating average meat yields, the available meat from marine mammals, polar bears ( Ursus maritimus), and muskox ( Ovibos moschatus) in East Greenland can be assessed. On average, there was approximately 426 tonnes of meat available per year during this period. However, this quantity declined due to reduced catches of hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) and ringed seals (Phoca hispida) after 2007. This decline was somewhat offset by the inclusion of new species in the hunt, such as dolphins ( Delphinidae), killer whales ( Orcinus orca), and pilot whales ( Globicephala melas). The average annual meat availability per inhabitant decreased from 150 kg before 2008 to 94 kg afterward. Narwhals consistently contributed approximately 5%–6% of the total annual meat supply in Greenland over the observed period, which suggests that narwhal meat is not critical for the overall food supply. The inclusion of the need for meat in discussions surrounding sustainable harvest levels has been a point of controversy, particularly in cases where an urgent halt to hunting is needed.
Effects of pre-farrow feeding time on the farrowing time and duration in sows and litter outcomes
Authors: Kpogo Livingstone A. , Panisson Josiane C. , Frobose Hyatt L. , Columbus Daniel A. 
Published: October 2024

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of time of feeding pre-farrow on farrowing time and duration. Two hundred and ninety-eight mixed parity sows were assigned to morning (0700 h) or evening (1900 h) feeding upon entry into the farrowing room until farrowing. More sows from the morning-fed group farrowed between 0700 and 1500 h than the evening-fed group (51.43 vs. 21.95%, P < 0.001). There were no differences ( P > 0.10) in farrowing duration. Number of piglets born alive, stillborn, and mummies did not differ ( P > 0.10) among treatments. Evening-fed sows had an increased number of pigs weaned, resulting from reduced preweaning mortality compared to the morning-fed sows ( P < 0.05). Morning feeding may be beneficial for maximizing the number of farrowing events that start during working hours and evening feeding may improve litter outcomes.
Constraining neutrino masses in the Barrow holographic dark energy model with Granda–Oliveros IR cutoff
Authors: Mahmoudifard Mojtaba , Salehi Amin , Sepahvand Reza 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe holographic dark energy (HDE) model resides in quantum gravity in connection with the entropy, which requires an appropriate IR-cutoff to support the accelerating universe. Of these, the BHDE is corresponding to the quantum-corrected Barrow entropy $$S_{B}\propto A^{1+\Delta /2}$$

S
B

∝

A

1
+
Δ
/
2

for which the Granda–Oliveros (GO) IR-cutoff $$L_{IR}=(\alpha H^2 + \beta \dot{H})^{-\frac{1}{2}}$$

L

IR

=

(
α

H
2

+
β

H
˙

)

-

1
2

avoids the causality problem of the typically used future event-horizon. As the cosmological evolution of the model has recently been studied, we include the relic-neutrinos to constraint the well-motivated model’s parameters ($$\alpha , \beta , \Delta $$

α
,
β
,
Δ

) along with the total mass of neutrinos $$\sum m_{\nu }$$

∑

m
ν

and the effective number of their species $$N_{eff}$$

N

eff

using a variety of the latest observational data. Utilizing the basic observations from 2018 Planck CMB-data, BAO-data, Pantheon sample of type Ia supernovae (SNIa), H(z) measurements of cosmic chronometers (CC) and various combinations of them, we find $$\sum m_{\nu } < 0.119$$

∑

m
ν

<
0.119

eV (95 % CL) for CMB + ALL combination, aligning with $$\sum m_{\nu } < 0.12$$

∑

m
ν

<
0.12

eV, (95% CL) of 2018 Planck release plus BAO data. The value of $$N_{eff}=2.98^{+0.25}_{-0.25}$$

N

eff

=
2
.

98

-
0.25

+
0.25

(68% CL) is also determined which is consistent with BAO+Planck’s $$N_{eff}=2.99^{+0.17}_{-0.17}$$

N

eff

=
2
.

99

-
0.17

+
0.17

(68% CL). The AIC analysis shows that the model (especially its $$\alpha =1$$

α
=
1

case) is (mildly) favored over the concordance $$\Lambda $$
Λ
CDM for that complete combination. Furthermore, the Barrow–Granda–Oliveros parameters are found in using the above datasets, as they get $$\alpha =0.98^{+0.06}_{-0.06}$$

α
=
0
.

98

-
0.06

+
0.06

, $$\beta =0.597^{+0.07}_{-0.08}$$

β
=
0
.

597

-
0.08

+
0.07

and $$\Delta =0.0054^{+0.0076}_{-0.0076}$$

Δ
=
0
.

0054

-
0.0076

+
0.0076

for CMB + ALL combination, where are in agreement with previous studies. The use of these best-fitting values in plotting the deceleration parameter q(z) shows that the universe undergoes a deceleration-acceleration transition at $$z_{tr}=0.63$$

z

tr

=
0.63

, by entering the current phase of dark-energy domination with $$q_0=-\,0.573$$

q
0

=
-

0.573

.
ACCELERATED DISCOVERIES OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BORON NITRIDE NANOSHEETS USING MACHINE LEARNING
Authors: KUMARI NISHA , SARANGI SAROJ KUMAR 
Published: October 2024

This research investigates the mechanical properties of Boron Nitride Nanosheets (BNNS) by integrating molecular dynamics (MD) simulation with machine learning (ML) techniques. The work highlights the impact of various factors, including dimension, temperature, strain rate and chirality orientation and their influence on mechanical properties like fracture stress, fracture strain, ultimate tensile strength, and Young’s modulus within the context of nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS). The novel combination of MD simulations and ML models — specifically decision trees, random forest, support vector machines, and polynomial regressions demonstrates that temperature significantly impacts the Young’s modulus, and strain rate estimates true agreement with theoretical expectations. These results highlight machine learning potential to advance material property predictions providing a new methodology for interpreting mechanical properties at the nanoscale and paving the way for innovative applications in NEMS.
Overexpression of TRPV6 Inhibits Coronary Atherosclerosis–Related Inflammatory Response and Cell Apoptosis via the PKA/UCP2 Pathway
Authors: Zheng Lei , Zhang Huiying , Li Xuewen 
Published: October 2024

Objective: This research is aimed at unravelling the intricate relationship between transient receptor potential vanilloid 6 (TRPV6), protein kinase A (PKA), uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), and atherosclerosis. By shedding light on the role of the TRPV6/PKA/UCP2 pathway in inhibiting inflammatory response and cell apoptosis in coronary atherosclerotic plaques, this study provides valuable insights into potential therapeutic targets for treating coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods: We established animal and cell models of atherosclerosis. The expression of TRPV6 was measured using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Cytokine levels were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cell viability and apoptosis ratio were measured using cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8) and flow cytometry. The binding relationship between TRPV6 and PKA was validated using chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP) and coimmunoprecipitation (CoIP). Finally, the expression of the TRPV6/PKA/UCP2 signaling pathway and apoptosis‐related factors was detected using western blot (WB) and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR).Results: TRPV6 was significantly decreased in atherosclerosis mouse and cell model. CHIP and CoIP assays indicated that TRPV6 binds to PKA and positively regulated its expression in oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL)–treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Overexpression of TRPV6 significantly increased cell viability and inhibited apoptosis, whereas silencing TRPV6 had the opposite effect. Additionally, the overexpression of TRPV6 remarkably declined the expression of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β). However, after silencing PKA, this effect was partially reversed, the cell viability and inflammatory response remarkably enhanced, and apoptosis significantly declined in oe‐TRPV6 + si‐PKA group.Conclusions: In summary, our study demonstrated that TRPV6 inhibited apoptosis and inflammatory response in the atherosclerosis cell model through the regulation of the PKA/UCP2 pathway.
Investigating the Impact of Organizational Justice on the Relationship Between Organizational Learning and Organizational Silence in Clinical Nurses: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Authors: Nemati-Vakilabad Reza , Mostafazadeh Pouya , Mirzaei Alireza 
Published: October 2024

Background: When nurses feel that the learning processes in their organization are fair and just, they are more likely to feel confident about sharing their knowledge, expressing their concerns, and contributing to the learning process. Conversely, suppose employees perceive a lack of organizational justice. In that case, they may be less likely to speak up and share their valuable input due to concerns about unfair treatment or possible negative consequences.Objective: Nurses’ silence and organizational learning may have a connection yet to be thoroughly investigated. We are exploring whether organizational justice mediates this relationship by improving nurses’ perception of it and reducing silence among them.Methods: A study was conducted in Ardabil, Iran, to analyze the correlation between organizational learning, organizational justice, and organizational silence among 319 healthcare professionals from five hospitals. The study utilized three assessment tools: the organizational learning questionnaire, the organizational justice scale, and the organizational silence scale. The collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics, and a structural equation model (SEM) was developed using the bootstrap method in AMOS 24.0 to test the proposed model.Results: Our study found a strong positive relationship between organizational learning and organizational justice and a significant negative correlation between organizational learning and silence. Also, there was a significant negative relationship between organizational justice and silence. SEM showed that organizational learning indirectly affects organizational silence through organizational justice as a mediator, explaining 72.3% of all variance in organizational silence.Conclusion: Our findings indicated that organizational learning is positively associated with justice but negatively associated with silence. When nurses experience organizational justice, they are less likely to remain silent. Encouraging nurses to share their opinions and concerns reduces silence and improves working conditions, morale, and patient care. Further research is needed to understand the complex interplay between organizational learning, justice, and silence in nursing settings.
ETx-22, a Novel Nectin-4–Directed Antibody–Drug Conjugate, Demonstrates Safety and Potent Antitumor Activity in Low-Nectin-4–Expressing Tumors
Authors: Lopez Marc , Crompot Emerence , Josselin Emmanuelle , Farina Anne , Rubis Marion , Castellano Remy , Fares Joanna , Wehbe Maria , Collette Yves , Charafe Emmanuelle , Blanchin Stéphanie , Romagne François , Pálfi Anikó , Hechler Torsten , Pahl Andreas , Azim Hatem A. , Lhospice Florence , Mamessier Emilie , Bertucci François , Elands Jack , Préville Xavier , Olive Daniel 
Published: October 2024

Nectin-4 is a cell adhesion molecule expressed at various levels in many solid tumors, including urothelial cancer. As a means to reduce on-target skin toxicity observed with enfortumab vedotin (EV), an anti–nectin-4–monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) approved for patients with advanced urothelial cancer, 15A7.5, an anti–nectin-4 mAb that exhibited differential nectin-4–binding between tumors and primary keratinocytes, was selected for the development of ETx-22. Exatecan, a topoisomerase I inhibitor, was chosen as payload. ETx-22 ADC induced rapid and long-lasting tumor regression in various patient-derived xenograft models expressing low to high levels of nectin-4 and also in a monomethyl auristatin E–resistant xenograft model. ETx-22 has a highest nonseverely toxic dose of more than 20 mg/kg in nonhuman primates (NHP) without signs of significant skin toxicity. ETx-22 represents a valuable therapy for the treatment of patients with nectin-4–expressing tumors, including those that are resistant to EV treatment.

Significance:
ETx-22, a novel ADC combining a tumor nectin-4–specific antibody and an innovative linker to exatecan, demonstrates significant and durable responses in low-target–expressing tumor models that are resistant to MMAE-based EV and has a better toxicity profile. This new ADC has the potential to benefit additional patient populations beyond its current indication.
PINK1-Mediated Mitochondrial Activity Confers Olaparib Resistance in Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Schaaf Zachary A. , Ning Shu , Leslie Amy R. , Sharifi Masuda , Gao Richard Y. , Maine James P. , Lou Wei , Lombard Alan P. , Liu Chengfei , Yu Ai-Ming , Mitsiades Nicholas , Gao Allen C. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Olaparib, a PARP inhibitor, is a targeted therapy used in treating various cancers, including castration-resistant prostate cancer. Despite its efficacy, resistance to olaparib remains a significant challenge. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underpinning this resistance is crucial for developing more effective treatment strategies. This study focuses on elucidating the role of mitochondrial alterations and the PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) gene in conferring olaparib resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. We investigated the transcriptomic and functional differences in mitochondrial activity between olaparib-resistant (2B-OlapR, LN-OlapR) and treatment-naïve prostate cancer cells (C4-2B, LNCaP) in both castration-sensitive and -resistant settings. Through RNA sequencing and gene set enrichment analysis, we identified significant enrichment of mitochondrial activity– and oxidative phosphorylation–related gene sets in olaparib-resistant derived cell lines. Resistant lines exhibited enhanced mitochondrial functionality, including increased basal and maximal respiration rates, as well as elevated ATP production and spare respiratory capacity, compared with parental cells. Subsequent investigations revealed a substantial increase in mitochondrial mass and electron transport chain complex I activity in olaparib-resistant cells. Furthermore, overexpression of the PINK1 gene was observed in resistant cells, which was correlated with resistance to olaparib and poor clinical outcomes in patients with prostate cancer. Inhibition of PINK1 expression significantly reduced mitochondrial function and mass, impaired cell growth, and decreased resistance to olaparib. These findings suggest that PINK1 plays a crucial role in modulating mitochondrial dynamics that confer therapeutic resistance, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for overcoming olaparib resistance in prostate cancer.

Significance:
Olaparib, a PARP inhibitor, is effective against various cancers, including prostate cancer. However, resistance to olaparib poses a significant challenge. This study uncovers that mitochondrial alterations and PINK1 gene overexpression contribute to this resistance in prostate cancer cells. Enhanced mitochondrial functionality and increased PINK1 expression in olaparib-resistant cells underscore the importance of targeting mitochondrial dynamics and PINK1 to develop more effective treatments for overcoming olaparib resistance in prostate cancer.
Salt-Responsive Gut Microbiota Induces Sex-Specific Blood Pressure Changes
Authors: Bardhan Pritam , Mei Xue , Lai Ngoc Khanh , Mell Blair , Tummala Ramakumar , Aryal Sachin , Manandhar Ishan , Hwang Hyeongu , Jhuma Tania Akter , Atluri Rohit Reddy , Kyoung Jun , Li Ying , Joe Bina , Li Hong-Bao , Yang Tao 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:
Tryptophan metabolism is important in blood pressure regulation. The tryptophan-indole pathway is exclusively mediated by the gut microbiota. ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) participates in tryptophan absorption, and a lack of ACE2 leads to changes in the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota has been recognized as a regulator of blood pressure. Furthermore, there is ample evidence for sex differences in the gut microbiota. However, it is unclear whether such sex differences impact blood pressure differentially through the tryptophan-indole pathway.

METHODS:

To study the sex-specific mechanisms of gut microbiota-mediated tryptophan-indole pathway in hypertension, we generated a novel rat model with Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats–associated protein 9)–targeted deletion of
Ace2
in the Dahl salt-sensitive rat. Cecal microbiota transfers from donors of both sexes to female S recipients were performed. Also, Dahl salt-sensitive rats of both sexes were orally gavaged with indole to investigate blood pressure response.

RESULTS:

The female gut microbiota and its tryptophan-indole pathway exhibited greater buffering capacity when exposed to tryptophan, due to
Ace2
deficiency, and salt. In contrast, the male gut microbiota and its tryptophan-indole pathway were more vulnerable. Female rats with male cecal microbiota responded to salt with a higher blood pressure increase compared with those with female cecal microbiota. Indole, a tryptophan-derived metabolite produced by gut bacteria, increased blood pressure in male but not in female rats. Moreover, salt altered host-mediated tryptophan metabolism, characterized by reduced serum serotonin of both sexes and higher levels of kynurenine derivatives in the females.

CONCLUSIONS:
We uncovered a novel sex-specific mechanism in the gut microbiota-mediated tryptophan-indole pathway in blood pressure regulation. Salt tipped the tryptophan metabolism between the host and gut microbiota in a sex-dependent manner. Our study provides evidence for a novel concept that gut microbiota and its metabolism play sex-specific roles in the development of salt-sensitive hypertension.
Conduction Disturbances and Outcome After Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients With Bicuspid and Tricuspid Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Wedin Johan O. , Näslund Viktor , Rodin Sergey , Simonson Oscar E. , Flachskampf Frank A. , James Stefan K. , Ståhle Elisabeth , Grinnemo Karl-Henrik 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:
This study aimed to compare the incidence and prognostic implications of new-onset conduction disturbances after surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) aortic stenosis (AS) versus patients with tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) AS (ie, BAV-AS and TAV-AS, respectively). Additionally, the study included stratification of BAV patients according to subtype.

METHODS:
In this cohort study, the incidence of postoperative third-degree atrioventricular (AV) block with subsequent permanent pacemaker requirement and new-onset left bundle-branch block (LBBB) was investigated in 1147 consecutive patients without preoperative conduction disorder who underwent isolated SAVR (with or without ascending aortic surgery) between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2022. The groups were stratified by aortic valve morphology (BAV, n=589; TAV, n=558). The outcomes of interests were new-onset third-degree AV block or new-onset LBBB during the index hospitalization. The impact of new-onset postoperative conduction disturbances on survival was investigated in BAV-AS and TAV-AS patients during a median follow-up of 8.2 years. BAV morphology was further categorized according to the Sievers and Schmidtke classification system (possible in 307 BAV-AS patients) to explore association between BAV subtypes and new-onset conduction disturbances after SAVR.

RESULTS:

The overall incidence of third-degree AV block and new-onset LBBB after SAVR was 4.5% and 7.8%, respectively. BAV-AS patients had a higher incidence of both new-onset third-degree AV block (6.5% versus 2.5%;
P
=0.001) and new-onset LBBB (9.7% versus 5.7%;
P
=0.013) compared with TAV-AS patients. New-onset LBBB was associated with an increased all-cause mortality during follow-up (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.60 [95% CI, 1.12–2.30];
P
=0.011), whereas new-onset third-degree AV block was not associated with worse prognosis. Subgroup analysis of the BAV cohort revealed that BAV-AS patients with fusion of the right- and non-coronary cusps had the highest risk of new-onset third-degree AV block (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 8.33 [95% CI, 3.31–20.97];
P
<0.001, with TAV as reference group) and new-onset LBBB (aOR, 4.03 [95% CI, 1.84–8.82];
P
<0.001, with TAV as reference group), whereas no significant association was observed for the other BAV subtypes.

CONCLUSIONS:
New-onset LBBB after SAVR is associated with increased all-cause mortality during follow-up, and is more frequent complication in BAV AS patients compared with TAV-AS patients. BAV-AS patients with fusion of the right- and non-coronary cusps have an increased risk for conduction disturbances after SAVR. This should be taken into consideration when managing these patients.