bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing the Incidence of Index Level Fusion Following Minimally Invasive Versus Open Lumbar Microdiscectomy
Authors: McAnany Steven J. , Overley Samuel C. , Anwar Muhammad A. , Cutler Holt S. , Guzman Javier Z. , Kim Jun S. , Merrill Robert K. , Cho Samuel K. , Hecht Andrew C. , Qureshi Sheeraz A. 
Published: September 2017

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Objectives: To determine the incidence of index level fusion following open or minimally invasive lumbar microdiscectomy. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of 174 patients with a symptomatic single-level lumbar herniated nucleus pulposus who underwent microdiscectomy via a mini-open approach (MIS; 39) or through a minimally invasive dilator tube (135). Outcomes of interest included revision microdiscectomy and the ultimate need for index level fusion. Continuous variables were analyzed with independent sample t test, and χ2 analysis was used for categorical data. A multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify predictive factors for patients that required index level fusion after lumbar microdiscectomy. Results: There was no difference in patient demographics in the open and MIS groups aside from length of follow-up (60.4 vs 40.03 months, P < .0001) and body mass index (24.72 vs 27.21, P = .03). The rate of revision microdiscectomy was not statistically significant between open and MIS approaches (10.3% vs 10.4%, P = .90). The rate of patients who ultimately required index level fusion approached significance, but was not statistically different between open and MIS approaches (10.3% vs 4.4%, P = .17). Multivariate regression analysis indicated that the need for eventual index level fusion after lumbar microdiscectomy was statistically predicted in smokers and those patients who underwent revision microdiscectomy ( P < .05) in both open and MIS groups. Conclusions: Our results suggest a low likelihood of patients ultimately requiring fusion following microdiscectomy with predictors including smoking status and a history of revision microdiscectomy.
Environmental Arsenic Contamination and its Effect on Dental Caries Experience in School Children
Authors: Manju R.  , Hegde Amitha M. , Keshan Anisha 
Published: September 2017

Aims and Objectives: To assess the effect of exposure to arsenic by drinking water and caries prevalence in children. Material and Methods: A total of 200 children between 10 to 14 years of age, 100 each from study village (Hutti, Raichur district, Karnataka) and control village (Sanduru, Bellary district, North Karnataka) were included in the study. Water samples from both the villages were analyzed for arsenic levels. Arsenic levels were determined in the hair and nail samples from the subjects to assess chronic arsenic exposure. Caries experience was measured by the DMFT/deft index and the severity of caries was measured by modified ICDAS-II index. Results: The mean concentration of arsenic in the study group was found to be 2.44 ppm in the hair samples and 2.72 ppm in the nail samples as compared to 0.12 ppm in both hair and nail samples in the control group. These values were statistically significant ( p < 0.001). The mean DMFT score in the control group was 0.99 and in the study group was 2.45, which was statistically significant ( p < 0.05) using SPSS version 21. Conclusion: Chronic arsenic exposure could be a possible cause for the increased caries experience in children in the study group.
High-Content Biopsies Facilitate Molecular Analyses and Do Not Increase Complication Rates in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Frenk Nathan E. , Spring Laura , Muzikansky Alona , Vadvala Harshna V. , Gurski Joseph M. , Henderson Laura E. , Mino-Kenudson Mari , Ly Amy , Bardia Aditya , Finkelstein Dianne , Engelman Jeffrey , Mueller Peter R. , Juric Dejan , Weissleder Ralph 
Published: September 2017

Purpose Precision oncology relies on frequent pathologic, molecular, and genomic assessments of tumor tissue to guide treatment selection, evaluate pharmacodynamic effects of novel agents, and determine drug resistance mechanisms. Newer forms of analyses such as drug screens in cell lines and patient-derived xenografts demand increasing amounts of tissue material. It remains unknown how the need for serial biopsies with large numbers of tumor cores relates to tissue yields and biopsy complication rates. Materials and Methods In this study, we performed a retrospective analysis of 199 focal liver biopsies performed in 143 patients in the setting of oncologic research protocols (research biopsy group) over a 4-year period at a single-intervention oncology service. Practice patterns and complication rates were compared with those related to 1,522 consecutive biopsies performed in 1,154 patients in whom two cores were obtained for standard clinical management of patients (standard biopsy). Results In the research biopsy group, 1,100 tissue cores (average, 5.5 cores per procedure) were harvested and distributed to trial sponsors, internal research laboratories, and pathology services. The complication rate in this cohort was 0.5% for major complications (one of 199) and 1.0% for minor complications managed conservatively (two of 199). In the standard biopsy control group, major complications were observed in 1.4% of procedures (22 of 1,522) and minor complications in 0.2% (three of 1,522). These complication rates were not statistically different. Conclusion Harvesting extra tissue cores through coaxial needles during focal liver biopsies does not increase complication rates and yields valuable tissue for additional experimental testing.
Postcards from a Journey to Victory: A critical multimodal analysis of The People’s Partnership 2010 Campaign in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Esposito Eleonora 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Adopting a critical, multimodal perspective based on Kress and van Leeuwen’s Visual Grammar, this study analyses how, throughout her campaign for the presidency of Trinidad and Tobago in 2010, Kamla Persad-Bissessar forged a self-image of a democratic and caring leader, able to clean up the country from its corruption scandals and foster solidarity and collaboration. The analysis focuses on the official portraits from the rally collected in the booklet Kamla 2010 − The People’s Partnership: Postcards from a Journey to Victory (Drakes 2010).
The visual construction of personal ethos in election posters
Authors: Vigsø Orla 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
When the candidate poster gets to play a more central role in election campaigns, the question of how the candidate is portrayed becomes even more relevant than before. Posters with an image of the candidate must be seen as an attempt at boosting his or her ethos. The picture provides the (potential) voter with an argument for voting for the candidate in question, and this argument clearly has to do with the candidate more than with policies or ideological positions. The size of the portrait, its saliency, shows that the interpretation of personal qualities is the main persuasive feature. But what does ethos actually mean when speaking of portraits of politicians? What are the categories through which ethos can be formulated, and what possible variants exist within each of these categories? One way of categorizing the potentiality of visual representations of ethos is by going back to the Aristotelian definition of the word. In Aristotle, ethos is defined as consisting of three different aspects, or the Aristotelian Trio: phronèsis (competence), arétè (virtue) and eunoia (goodwill), with the addition of two modern features: modesty and youth. This article presents a first attempt at answering the question: how can these aspects be realized visually through the poster?
In Hoc Signo Vinces! Icons, indices and symbols of Italian political parties: 1946–present
Authors: Buscemi Francesco 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
‘In hoc signo vinces!’ is the phrase that the Roman emperor Constantine saw written in the sky next to a cross in 312 AD: a mystical apparition, shortly before the battle of Milvio Bridge, just outside the city of Rome. The phrase means ‘in this sign you will win’, and it was a good omen, as Constantine defeated Massenzio and put an end to his reign. This phrase has been chosen as the title of this study, which concerns the ‘signs’ that political parties adopted in Italy from 1946 to the present, as these parties have created these signs in order to strike a chord with the citizens and win elections. Apart from the historical account of how these symbols have changed, the aim of this study was to find out to what extent these changes may be read as mirrors of broader shifts, especially in terms of negotiation between the old political language and new, de-ideologized visual languages.
Dimensions of negativity: Negative campaigning on election posters in Germany and Sweden
Authors: Holtz-Bacha Christina , Johansson Bengt 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This article gives an overview of previous research on negativity with a particular view on the definitions of negative advertising and operationalizations in content analyses, and briefly summarizes the specificities that must be taken into account in a poster’s design. It then presents findings on German and Swedish posters.
‘Beautiful as you feel’: Feminism and post-feminism in Beautiful: The Carole King Musical
Authors: Schuller Julia Elizabeth , Schrader Valerie Lynn 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This rhetorical analysis examines the production script of Beautiful: The Carole King Musical through the lenses of second-wave feminism, third-wave feminism, and post-feminism. Based on the life of American singer/songwriter Carole King, Beautiful focuses on the triumphs and tribulations of King’s career as a songwriter in the 1960s New York Brill Building, as well as King’s personal life, including her relationship with her spouse/lyricist Gerry Goffin. Through this analysis, we explore how Beautiful’s characters Carole King and Cynthia Weil embody elements of second and third-wave feminism, and suggest that Beautiful: The Carole King Musical conveys an overall empowerment message that is written for a post-feminist audience, given King’s and Weil’s empowerment through individual choices rather than through feminist activism. We conclude that this utopian post-feminist message may be problematic for a twenty-first-century audience in that it fails to acknowledge women’s current career struggles.
In Pursuit of Light War in Libya: Kairotic Justifications of War That Just Happened
Authors: Ohl Jessy J. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This essay examines President Barack Obama’s March 28, 2011 address on the war in Libya to theorize a shift in twenty-first-century war rhetoric in which violence is insulated from critique through the numbing of public sensation. In contrast to traditional persuasive appeals aimed at securing collective participation and approval for war, Obama’s oratory is characteristic of “light war,” a mode of conflict that flows more freely by placing few demands on thought, feeling, and attention. I argue that Obama’s rhetoric limits the potential for audiences to sense the material consequences of war through a set of kairotic justifications in which violence is considered “just” in the dual sense that it just ended, and that it is just war, or merely a banal and quotidian version of conflict. After unpacking the anesthetizing features of Obama’s discourse, I conclude by addressing the prospects of resistance given the compressed interval for public thought and feeling to interrupt violent practices.
Operation Coffeecup: Ronald Reagan, Rugged Individualism, and the Debate over “Socialized Medicine”
Authors: Onge Jeffrey St. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
In 1961, the American Medical Association (AMA) funded a persuasive campaign called Operation Coffeecup. The campaign, which was designed to defeat Medicare, featured a speech by a young Ronald Reagan outlining the dangers of “socialized medicine.” The speech was recorded on a long-play record and distributed to the Women’s Auxiliary of the AMA, a group primarily composed of the wives of doctors who were instructed to write seemingly spontaneous letters to Congress detailing their opposition to the program. This essay investigates Operation Coffeecup mainly through a rhetorical analysis of Reagan’s speech. I argue that “socialized medicine” drew upon a problematic articulation of American culture that privileges the individual at the expense of the larger community. I conclude by discussing the thread of individualism that has persisted in the United States from the pre-Depression era mythos of rugged individualism to neoliberal discourses that shape debates about health policy today.
Integral theorems for the quaternionic G-monogenic mappings
Authors: Shpakivskyi V. S. , Kuzmenko T. S. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
In the paper [1] considered a new class of quaternionic mappings, so- called G-monogenic mappings. In this paper we prove analogues of classical integral theorems of the holomorphic function theory: the Cauchy integral theorems for surface and curvilinear integrals, and the Cauchy integral formula for G-monogenic mappings.
Halpern-type proximal point algorithm in complete CAT(0) metric spaces
Authors: Heydari Mohammad Taghi , Ranjbar Sajad 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
First, Halpern-type proximal point algorithm is introduced in complete CAT(0) metric spaces. Then, Browder convergence theorem is considered for this algorithm and also we prove that Halpern-type proximal point algorithm converges strongly to a zero of the operator.
When are identification protocols with sparse challenges safe? The case of the Coskun and Herley attack
Authors: Asghar Hassan Jameel , Kaafar Mohamed Ali 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCryptographic identification protocols enable a prover to prove its identity to a verifier. A subclass of such protocols are shared-secret challenge-response identification protocols in which the prover and the verifier share the same secret and the prover has to respond to a series of challenges from the verifier. When the prover is a human, as opposed to a machine, such protocols are called human identification protocols. To make human identification protocols usable, protocol designers have proposed different techniques in the literature. One such technique is to make the challenges
Accuracy control of contactless laser sensor system using whale optimization algorithm and moth-flame optimization
Authors: Pathak Vimal Kumar , Singh Amit Kumar 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This paper predict the effect of the object's morphology on the final accuracy of the scanned data, for the case of contactless
laser scanning. On the basis of the scanned objects morphology, two important process parameters are specified namely
scanning angle and distance of the laser from the part surface. Experiments have been performed with different scanning
conditions using full factorial design. An analytical prediction model for determining the standard deviation of the final
surface is developed in terms of the aforesaid scanning parameters using response surface methodology (RSM). Furthermore,
the optimal scanning parameters are predicted after comparing two almost unexplored nature inspired algorithms i.e. Whale
Optimization Algorithm (WOA) and Moth-Flame Optimization (MFO). Finally, two realistic non-trivial case studies are
considered for validation of the proposed methodology. The result shows that the standard deviation of the final reverse
engineered models significantly reduced by 21.6% and 13.77%. The adopted methodology provides the optimal
combination of morphological scanning process parameters with a considerable reduction in standard deviation for final scanned
surface models.
Von Joburg nach Gauteng: Transformation der City of Gold zur Global City Region?
Authors: Haferburg Christoph , Oßenbrügge Jürgen 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungJohannesburg wird in der World- und Global-City-Forschung zumeist als einzige Metropole Afrikas mit globaler Bedeutung eingeordnet. Die Agglomeration verdankt ihre Existenz der internationalen Kapitalinvestition in den Goldbergbau, war aber in ihrer 130jährigen Geschichte vielfachen Transformationen unterworfen. Seit dem Ende der Apartheid bestimmen globale Einbindung, Tertiärisierung sowie Flächen- und Bevölkerungswachstum das Bild. Der vorliegende Text analysiert sowohl die Verflechtungen mit und Abhängigkeiten von globalen Dynamiken als auch die Persistenzen und Veränderungen der national und lokal angelegten urbanen Entwicklungspfade. Ausgangspunkt sind die Global-City- bzw. Global-City-Region- und Global-Value-Chain-Debatten, inklusive der darauf bezogenen Kritik. Die Verschiebung der Perspektive von Johannesburg auf Gauteng als global eingebundene „Megaregion“ bildet die empirische Rückbindung.
Photosystem II Heterogeneity and Long-Term Acclimation of Light-Harvesting
Authors: Mäenpää Pirkko , Andersson Bertil 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The main chlorophyll a/b protein complex of the chloroplast thylakoid membrane is organized into two subpopulations; one inner which is tightly bound to the photosystem II core and one outer which is bound more loosely or peripherally. In this study, changes in the LHC II com position due to long-term light acclimation were analyzed and quantified in spinach thylakoids and isolated stroma lamellae vesicles. The results show that; photosystem II located in the appressed thylakoid regions (α-centres) which have a relatively large antenna size, contains both the inner and outer LHC II with a predominance of the latter (58-70%). At low light the antenna size o f the α-center becomes larger due to a specific increase of the outer pool o f LHC II. The antenna size of photosystem II in the stroma thylakoids (β-centres) is smaller and contains mainly or only the inner LHC II pool. In contrast to the α-centres the β-centres centres do not undergo adaptive changes in their size in response to long-term changes in the light intensities.
Tribromotoluquinone Induced Modifications of the Oscillation Pattern of Oxygen Evolution and of Herbicide Binding in Thylakoids and PS II Membrane Fragments from Spinach
Authors: Renger G. , Messinger J. , Fromme R. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
In the present study the effect of TBTQ on PS II and its mutual interaction with DCMU was analyzed by measurements of the oxygen yield oscillation pattern and of DCMU binding. It was found: 1)TBTQ in its reduced form is able to induce the reduction of Dox which gives rise to an accelerated decay of S2 and S3 of the wateroxidizing complex. 2) Triton X-100 treatment used for isolation of PS II membrane fragments does not significantly affect the lateral mobility of p lastoquinone within the membrane. TBTQ bound to the thylakoid membrane does not enhance the electron pool capacity in PS II membrane fragments. 3) Preincubation of thylakoids with TBTQ diminishes the blockage of O2-evolution by DCMU significantly. In correspondence with previous findings [18, 19] the effect strongly depends on the order of addition of TBTQ and DCMU . 4) Excitation with a single saturating flash causes enhanced DCMU binding in TBTQ pretreated samples leading to the inhibition of flash induced oxygen evolution. The rate of the latter process depends on the DCMU concentration. 5) In thylakoids pretreated in the d ark with TBTQ the oxygen yield of the 3rd flash slowly declines as a function o f dark incubation time at constant DCMU concentration. Based on the above mentioned findings it is inferred that a mutual interaction between TBTQ and DCMU takes place at the PS II acceptor side. Two alternative mechanisms are discussed: i) TBTQ tightly (covalently?) bound at the QB-site (or very close to it) is modified in its function by DCMU via structural effects (allosteric type), or ii) there occurs a TBTQ /DCMU exchange that is fast in the light and slow in the dark.
Stigmatellin Affects Both Hemes of Cytochrome b in Cytochrome b6f/bc1-Complexes
Authors: Hauska Günter , Herold Edelgard , Huber Claudia , Nitschke Wolfgang , Sofrova Danuse 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Stigmatellin causes spectral changes of both hemes of cytochrome b or b6 in cytochrome bc1/b6f-complexes. It also affects the redox potentials of all three hemes, including cytochrome c l and f, in addition to the dramatic rise of the redox potential it exerts on the Rieske FeS-center. We conclude that stigmatellin changes the overall conformation of the complexes.
5'-Monohydroxyphylloquinone as a Component of Photosystem I
Authors: Ziegler Karl , Maldener Iris , Lockau Wolfgang 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Thylakoids and photosystem I (PS I) preparations from Euglena gracilis and from the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans were analyzed for their prenylquinone content. Both organisms contained 5 '-monohydroxyphylloquinone as the dominant quinone of PS I, and not phylloquinone as other organisms. A stoichiometry of about two 5 '-monohydroxyphylloquinone per P700 (the primary electron donor of PS I) was determined for A nacystis. However, both the PS I preparation and the thylakoids from Euglena contained only one 5 '-monohydroxyphylloquinone per P700. Phylloquinone and an unidentified naphthoquinone were present in trace amounts.
Diesel Soot — Catalyzed Production of Reactive Oxygen Species: Cooperative Effects with Bisulfite
Authors: Hippeli S. C. , Elstner E. F. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The fragmentation of KMB (4-(methylthio)-2-oxobutyric acid) as an indicator reaction for the production of strong oxidants is catalyzed by diesel soot particles in the light. This reaction operates also in the dark and can be strongly stimulated by the addition of sulfite. The cooperative activity of diesel soot particles (DP) and sulfite also bleaches the carotenoid crocin. This molecule represents a model for both the groups of plant pigments as well as polyene structures embedded as flexible backbones in cellular membranes. Enhanced chemiluminescence generated by linolenic acid in the presence of either ter/-butylhydroperoxide or hydrogenperoxide is detected in the presence of both DP and HSO3
-. Luminescence originates from singlet oxygen or chemically excited molecules such as triplet ketones and is thus a valuable indicator for peroxidation of lipids involved in membrane damage. All reactions were inhibited by SOD (superoxide dismutase) whereas catalase had no effect.