bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An overview of recent developments in volatile compounds analysis from edible oils: Technique‐oriented perspectives
Authors: Sghaier Lilia , Vial Jérôme , Sassiat Patrick , Thiebaut Didier , Watiez Mickaël , Breton Sylvie , Rutledge Douglas N. , Cordella Christophe B.Y. 
Published: February 2016

The analysis of the volatile compounds from edible oils is a tool used for the evaluation of aroma compounds, the quantitative determination of contaminants or the study of oil degradation and represents a major analytical challenge. This review deals with the recent evolution of methods for vapor phase sampling of the headspace of edible oils combined with gas chromatography. Non‐selective sampling methods, such as static headspace (SHS), sampling techniques with adsorbents, including direct thermal desorption (DTD) and dynamic headspace (DHS), and high concentration capacity headspace techniques (HCC‐HS), as headspace solid phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) and headspace sorptive extraction (HSSE), are presented. Advantages, drawbacks, and applications to edible oils are critically discussed. HS‐SPME is shown to be the most popular technique for the volatile fraction sampling of edible oils. Finally, other promising in‐tube sorptive extraction techniques that are not yet applied to edible oils are also described.Practical applications: The analysis of the volatile compounds from edible oils is a major analytical challenge and is applied in many fields. An overview of different sampling techniques with a critical point of view can be useful to determine the best technique to apply in a specific context.The composition of the headspace of edible oils can provide different information related to the evaluation of aroma compounds, the quantitative determination of contaminants, or the study of oil degradation. Several techniques can be considered to respond to this challenge with different advantages and drawbacks, such as static headspace, solid phase microextraction, dynamic headspace, or headspace sorptive extraction.
Reduced Graphene Oxide Impregnated Antimony Nanoparticle Sensor for Electroanalysis of Platinum Group Metals
Authors: Silwana Bongiwe , van der Horst Charlton , Iwuoha Emmanuel , Somerset Vernon 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA very sensitive electrochemical sensor based on a reduced graphene oxide film impregnated with antimony nanoparticles was prepared and applied to the electroanalysis of platinum group metal ions of Pd(II), Pt(II) and Rh(III). The electrochemical behavior of platinum group metals at the modified electrode was studied by adsorptive differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry in the presence of dimethylglyoxime as chelating agent. Several operational parameters were optimised to enhance the electroanalytical performance of the modified glassy carbon electrode sensor. The results showed sharp stripping peaks and a relatively constant peak potential with a good linear behaviour in the examined concentration range from 40 to 400 pg L−1 for all metal ions investigated. The detection limit was found to be 0.45, 0.49 and 0.49 pg L−1 (S/N=3) for Pd(II), Pt(II) and Rh(III), respectively. The developed electrochemical sensor also exhibited good precision with a relative standard deviation of 4.2 %, 2.55 % and 2.67 % for 5 successive measurements for Pd(II), Pt(II) and Rh(III), respectively. The proposed nanostructure showed good sensitivity and stability, which has promising potential applications in electrochemical sensors.
Bhas 42 cell transformation activity of cigarette smoke condensate is modulated by selenium and arsenic
Authors: Han Sung Gu , Pant Kamala , Bruce Shannon W. , Gairola C. Gary 
Published: February 2016

Cigarette smoking remains a major health risk worldwide. Development of newer tobacco products requires the use of quantitative toxicological assays. Recently, v‐Ha‐ras transfected BALB/c3T3 (Bhas 42) cell transformation assay was established that simulates the two‐stage animal tumorigenesis model and measures tumor initiating and promoting activities of chemicals. The present study was performed to assess the feasibility of using this Bhas 42 cell transformation assay to determine the initiation and promotion activities of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) and its water soluble fraction. Further, the modulating effects of selenium and arsenic on cigarette smoke‐induced cell transformation were investigated. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and water extracts of CSC (CSC‐D and CSC‐W, respectively) were tested at concentrations of 2.5–40 µg mL−1 in the initiation or promotion assay formats. Initiation protocol of the Bhas 42 assay showed a 3.5‐fold increase in transformed foci at 40 µg mL−1 of CSC‐D but not CSC‐W. The promotion phase of the assay yielded a robust dose response with CSC‐D (2.5–40 µg mL−1) and CSC‐W (20–40 µg mL−1). Preincubation of cells with selenium (100 nM) significantly reduced CSC‐induced increase in cell transformation in initiation assay. Co‐treatment of cells with a sub‐toxic dose of arsenic significantly enhanced cell transformation activity of CSC‐D in promotion assay. The results suggest a presence of both water soluble and insoluble tumor promoters in CSC, a role of oxidative stress in CSC‐induced cell transformation, and usefulness of Bhas 42 cell transformation assay in comparing tobacco product toxicities and in studying the mechanisms of tobacco carcinogenesis. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 57:220–228, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mild cognitive impairment in a Spanish representative sample: prevalence and associated factors
Authors: Lara Elvira , Koyanagi Ai , Olaya Beatriz , Lobo Antonio , Miret Marta , Tyrovolas Stefanos , Ayuso‐Mateos Jose Luis , Haro Josep Maria 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveGiven the limitations of treatments for dementia, the characterisation of the early stages of dementia is crucial for the development of preventive programmes and interventions. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and examine its medical and lifestyle correlates in a nationally representative sample of the Spanish population.MethodsA total of 3625 participants (≥50 years of age) were interviewed in a cross‐sectional study. MCI was defined as the presence of cognitive concerns, the objective evidence of impairment in one or more cognitive domains, the preservation of independence in functional abilities and no dementia. Participants were also asked to provide sociodemographic, health status and lifestyle information. Logistic regression analyses were performed using the overall sample and by age groups.ResultsThe overall prevalence of MCI was 9.6%, with higher rates in older people and women. In the overall model, after adjustment for potential confounders, depression [odds ratio (OR) = 1.79; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.21, 2.66], diabetes (OR = 1.43; 95% CI = 1.05, 1.95), sleep disturbances (OR = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.09, 2.55) and low level of physical activity (OR = 1.71; 95% CI = 1.26, 2.31) were associated with significantly higher odds for MCI. When stratified by age groups, depression (OR = 2.41; 95% CI = 1.35, 4.31), stroke (OR = 3.77; 95% CI = 1.44, 9.83) and obesity (OR = 2.06; 95% CI = 1.20, 3.53) were significantly associated with MCI in middle‐aged participants (50–64 years), whereas low level of physical activity (OR = 1.85; 95% CI = 1.32, 2.59) and sleep disturbances (OR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.05, 3.05) were associated with MCI in individuals aged 65+ years.ConclusionsSignificant associations between MCI and psychological, cardiovascular and lifestyle factors were found. Targeting modifiable risk factors might reduce the risk for MCI and subsequent dementia.
A Family of Partial Geometric Designs from Three‐Class Association Schemes
Authors: Nowak Kathleen , Olmez Oktay , Song Sung Y. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we show that partial geometric designs can be constructed from certain three‐class association schemes and ternary linear codes with dual distance three. In particular, we obtain a family of partial geometric designs from the three‐class association schemes introduced by Kageyama, Saha, and Das in their article [“Reduction of the number of associate classes of hypercubic association schemes,” Ann Inst Statist Math 30 (1978)]. We also give a list of directed strongly regular graphs arising from the partial geometric designs obtained in this paper.
Laser control of electron matter waves
Authors: Jones Eric , Becker Maria , Luiten Jom , Batelaan Herman 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn recent years laser light has been used to control the motion of electron waves. Electrons can now be diffracted by standing waves of light. Laser light in the vicinity of nanostructures is used to affect free electrons, for example, femto‐second and atto‐second laser‐induced electrons are emitted from nanotips delivering coherent fast electron sources. Optical control of dispersion of the emitted electron waves, and optically controlled femto‐second switches for ultrafast electron detection are proposed. The first steps towards electron accelerators and matter optics on‐a‐chip are now being taken. New research fields are driven by these new technologies. One example is the optical generation of electron pulses on‐demand and quantum degenerate pulses. Another is the emerging development of interaction free electron microscopy. This review will focus on the field of free electron quantum optics with technologies at the interplay of lasers, electron matter waves, and nanostructures. Questions that motivate their development will also be addressed.
image
A Novel Self‐Healing Polyurethane Based on Disulfide Bonds
Authors: Xu Yurun , Chen Dajun 
Published: February 2016

Polymeric materials with intrinsic self‐healing ability that can restore from mechanical injury autonomously have attracted great research efforts recently. Disulfide bonds, which become dynamic upon exposure to heat, UV light, or redox conditions, can be used to introduce healable properties to polymer network. Shape memory effect is a kind of auxiliary recovery force that can accelerate healing process. In this work, a polyurethane material combines disulfide link and shape memory effect is synthesized. Autonomous healing of a crack takes place upon heating above 80 °C and leads to almost fully recovery of mechanical properties. This healing is achieved by activating shape memory effect and disulfide exchange reaction simultaneously.
image
1,2,3‐Triazolium‐Based Epoxy–Amine Networks: Ion‐Conducting Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Ly Nguyen Thi Khanh , Obadia Mona Marie , Serghei Anatoli , Livi Sébastien , Duchet‐Rumeau Jannick , Drockenmuller Eric 
Published: February 2016

A diepoxy‐functionalized 1,2,3‐triazolium ionic liquid is synthesized in three steps and used in combination with a poly(propylene glycol) diamine to obtain ion‐conducting epoxy–amine networks (EANs). The curing kinetics are followed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, while the physical, mechanical, and ion‐conducting properties of the resulting networks are studied by swelling experiments, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, and broadband dielectric spectroscopy. The curing kinetics and thermomechanical properties of this system are relatively similar to those of conventional DGEBA‐ (bisphenol A diglycidyl ether)‐based EANs with low glass transition temperature (Tg = −44 and −52 °C, respectively) characteristic of rubbery polymer networks. The anhydrous ionic conductivity of the pure network at 30 °C reaches a remarkably high value of 2 × 10−7 S cm−1 that could be further increased to 10−6 S cm−1 by the addition of 10 wt% LiTFSI.
image
Lysosomal Dysfunction and α‐Synuclein Aggregation in Parkinson's Disease: Diagnostic Links
Authors: Moors Tim , Paciotti Silvia , Chiasserini Davide , Calabresi Paolo , Parnetti Lucilla , Beccari Tommaso , van de Berg Wilma D. J. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTLysosomal impairment is increasingly recognized as a central event in the pathophysiology of PD. Genetic associations between lysosomal storage disorders, including Gaucher disease and PD, highlight common risk factors and pathological mechanisms. Because the autophagy–lysosomal system is involved in the intralysosomal hydrolysis of dysfunctional proteins, lysosomal impairment may contribute to α‐synuclein aggregation in PD. The degradation of α‐synuclein is a complex process involving different proteolytic mechanisms depending on protein burden, folding, posttranslational modifications, and yet unknown factors. In this review, evidence for lysosomal dysfunction in PD and its intimate relationship with α‐synuclein aggregation are discussed, after which the question of whether lysosomal proteins may serve as diagnostic biomarkers for PD is addressed. Changes in lysosomal enzymes, such as reduced glucocerebrosidase and cathepsin levels, have been observed in affected brain regions in PD patients. The detection of lysosomal proteins in CSF may provide a read‐out of lysosomal dysfunction in PD and holds promise for the development of diagnostic PD biomarkers. Initial PD biomarker studies demonstrated altered lysosomal enzyme activities in CSF of PD patients when compared with controls. However, CSF lysosomal enzyme activities alone could not discriminate between PD patients and controls. The combination of CSF lysosomal markers with α‐synuclein species and indicators of mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and other pathological proteins in PD may be able to facilitate a more accurate diagnosis of PD. Further CSF biomarker studies are needed to investigate the utility of CSF lysosomal proteins as measures of disease state and disease progression in PD. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
A novel approach for next‐generation sequencing of circulating tumor cells
Authors: Yee Stephanie S. , Lieberman David B. , Blanchard Tatiana , Rader JulieAnn , Zhao Jianhua , Troxel Andrea B. , DeSloover Daniel , Fox Alan J. , Daber Robert D. , Kakrecha Bijal , Sukhadia Shrey , Belka George K. , DeMichele Angela M. , Chodosh Lewis A. , Morrissette Jennifer J. D. , Carpenter Erica L. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundNext‐generation sequencing (NGS) of surgically resected solid tumor samples has become integral to personalized medicine approaches for cancer treatment and monitoring. Liquid biopsies, or the enrichment and characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood, can provide noninvasive detection of evolving tumor mutations to improve cancer patient care. However, the application of solid tumor NGS approaches to circulating tumor samples has been hampered by the low‐input DNA available from rare CTCs. Moreover, whole genome amplification (WGA) approaches used to generate sufficient input DNA are often incompatible with blood collection tube preservatives used to facilitate clinical sample batching.MethodsTo address this, we have developed a novel approach combining tumor cell isolation from preserved blood with Repli‐G WGA and Illumina TruSeq Amplicon Cancer Panel‐based NGS. We purified cell pools ranging from 10 to 1000 cells from three different cell lines, and quantitatively demonstrate comparable quality of DNA extracted from preserved versus unpreserved samples.ResultsPreservation and WGA were compatible with the generation of high‐quality libraries. Known point mutations and gene amplification were detected for libraries that had been prepared from amplified DNA from preserved blood.ConclusionThese spiking experiments provide proof of concept of a clinically applicable workflow for real‐time monitoring of patient tumor using noninvasive liquid biopsies.
Whole‐brain intracranial vessel wall imaging at 3 Tesla using cerebrospinal fluid–attenuated T1‐weighted 3D turbo spin echo
Authors: Fan Zhaoyang , Yang Qi , Deng Zixin , Li Yuxia , Bi Xiaoming , Song Shlee , Li Debiao 
Published: February 2016

PurposeAlthough three‐dimensional (3D) turbo spin echo (TSE) with variable flip angles has proven to be useful for intracranial vessel wall imaging, it is associated with inadequate suppression of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) signals and limited spatial coverage at 3 Tesla (T). This work aimed to modify the sequence and develop a protocol to achieve whole‐brain, CSF‐attenuated T1‐weighted vessel wall imaging.MethodsNonselective excitation and a flip‐down radiofrequency pulse module were incorporated into a commercial 3D TSE sequence. A protocol based on the sequence was designed to achieve T1‐weighted vessel wall imaging with whole‐brain spatial coverage, enhanced CSF‐signal suppression, and isotropic 0.5‐mm resolution. Human volunteer and pilot patient studies were performed to qualitatively and quantitatively demonstrate the advantages of the sequence.ResultsCompared with the original sequence, the modified sequence significantly improved the T1‐weighted image contrast score (2.07 ± 0.19 versus 3.00 ± 0.00, P = 0.011), vessel wall‐to‐CSF contrast ratio (0.14 ± 0.16 versus 0.52 ± 0.30, P = 0.007) and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (1.69 ± 2.18 versus 4.26 ± 2.30, P = 0.022). Significant improvement in vessel wall outer boundary sharpness was observed in several major arterial segments.ConclusionsThe new 3D TSE sequence allows for high‐quality T1‐weighted intracranial vessel wall imaging at 3 T. It may potentially aid in depicting small arteries and revealing T1‐mediated high‐signal wall abnormalities. Magn Reson Med 77:1142–1150, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
A revised solution for the horizontal vibration of an end‐bearing pile in viscoelastic soil
Authors: Liu Hanlong , Zheng Changjie , Ding Xuanming , Kouretzis George P. , Sloan Scott W. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis note presents a new method to derive closed‐form expressions describing the horizontal response of an end‐bearing pile in viscoelastic soil subjected to harmonic loads at its head. The soil surrounding the pile is assumed as a linearly viscoelastic layer. The propagation of waves in the soil and pile is treated mathematically by three‐dimensional and one‐dimensional theories, respectively. Unlike previous studies of the problem, the formulation presented allows the governing equations of the soil to be solved directly, eliminating the need to introduce potential functions. Accordingly, the dynamic response of the pile is obtained by means of the initial parameter method, invoking the requirement for continuity at the pile–soil interface. It is demonstrated that the derived compact solution matches exactly an existing solution that utilises potential functions to formulate the problem. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multicenter Cohort Study Comparing U.S. Management of Inpatient Pediatric Immune Thrombocytopenia to Current Treatment Guidelines
Authors: Witmer Char M. , Lambert Michele P. , O'Brien Sarah H. , Neunert Cindy 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundRecent pediatric immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) guidelines have significantly altered and are encouraging an observational approach for patients without significant bleeding regardless of their platelet count.ProcedureThis retrospective multicenter cohort study utilized the Pediatric Health Information Systems (PHIS) administrative database. Subjects were 6 months to 18 years of age, admitted to a PHIS hospital between January 1, 2008 and September 30, 2014, with a primary diagnosis code for ITP. International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification Code (ICD‐9‐CM) discharge codes identified significant bleeding. Pharmaceutical billing codes identified the use of pharmacologic therapy for ITP. Clinical management during preguideline admissions (January 1, 2008 to August 31, 2011) was compared to postguideline admissions (September 1, 2011 to September 30, 2014).ResultsA total of 4,937 subjects met inclusion criteria with a mean age of 6.2 (SD 5) years; 93.4% (4,613/4,937) received pharmacologic treatment for ITP but only 14.2% (699/4,937) had ICD‐9‐CM codes for significant bleeding; 11.5% (570/4,937) of subjects were readmitted. In comparing pre‐ versus postguideline time periods, the proportion of subjects receiving ITP pharmacologic treatment did not change (92.9% vs. 94.1%; P = 0.26). A decrease was found in the proportion of bone marrows performed (9.7% vs. 6.4%; P < 0.001) and length of stay (2.3 vs. 2 days; P < 0.001). The proportion of ITP admissions from 2012 to 2014 was modestly decreased when compared to 2008–2010 (12.9 vs. 14.5/10,000 PHIS admissions, P < 0.001).ConclusionsDespite guidelines and evidence that supports a watchful waiting approach for pediatric patients with ITP, a large proportion of inpatients without significant bleeding are still receiving pharmacologic therapy. Continued efforts are needed to address why inpatient U.S. practice patterns are so discrepant from current treatment guidelines.
Supramolecular semicrystalline polyolefin elastomer blends with triple‐shape memory effects
Authors: Kashif Muhammad , Chang Young‐Wook 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSupramolecular polyolefin elastomer blends possessing triple‐shape memory effects were prepared by melt blending of two semicrystalline maleated elastomers (maleated ethylene‐propylene‐diene rubber (mEPDM) and maleated polyethylene‐octene elastomer (mPOE)) in the presence of a small amount of 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole (ATA). The amino group of ATA reacted with the maleic anhydride groups of both elastomers during melt blending to form supramolecular hydrogen‐bonded networks. Dynamic mechanical analysis of the blends showed drops in the storage modulus at two different transition temperatures (Ttrans) belonging to the crystalline melting temperatures of each phase as well as a plateau above these two Ttrans. This is an essential property for triple‐shape memory behavior. Dual‐shape memory properties of the blends were determined using one‐step programming under three different temperature ranges. When an individual crystalline phase is used for the fixing process, the switching temperature (Tsw) relates to the melting temperature of a particular phase during the recovery process. However, if both crystalline phases are used simultaneously for the fixing process, then the Tsw relates to the higher melting temperature. Cyclic two‐step programming revealed that two different shapes can be fixed, one by EPDM crystallization and the other by POE crystallization, and both programmed shapes can be recovered upon heating above a specific Tsw. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry