bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlations Among Foot Arching, Ankle Dorsiflexion Range of Motion, and Obesity Level in Primary School Children
Authors: Jankowicz-Szymanska Agnieszka , Mikolajczyk Edyta , Wodka Katarzyna 
Published: April 2017

Background:This study sought to assess the prevalence of flat feet in primary school children and to find correlations among arch height, ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM), and obesity level.Methods:The 400 children aged 10 to 12 years who took part in the study had their body height, weight, and fat percentage measured. Based on these measurements, body mass index was calculated and weight status was categorized for all of the participants. The height of the longitudinal arch of the foot was measured on a computerized podoscope and given in Clarke's angles. Dorsiflexion ROM was assessed with the child in the nonweightbearing sitting position with the knees 90° flexed. The arithmetic mean and standard deviation were implemented to analyze the data. Intergroup differences were assessed by Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, and post hoc Tukey tests. Significance was accepted at P = .05.Results:Flat feet were found in 36% of participants; limited ROM was found in both feet in 25% of participants and in one foot in 12%. No significant differences in dorsiflexion ROM in children with high-arched, normal, and flat feet were revealed. Excessive body weight was disclosed in 21% of participants. Overweight and obese children had significantly lower foot arches and notably smaller ankle dorsiflexion ROM than those with normal weight.Conclusions:Ankle dorsiflexion ROM is similar in children with high-arched, normal, and flat feet. However, limited dorsiflexion ROM is more often found in children with excessive weight.
Læreplananalyse ved fag-/svenneprøven, forankret i arbeidslivets kompetansekrav
Authors: Bjelke Bjørn Wilhelm 
Published: April 2017

Bakgrunnen for studien er at Læreplanene i yrkesfag kan oppfattes som uklare som kan resultere i ulikt innhold og ulik grad av relevans i samme yrkesutdanning, og dermed gi manglende validitet i fag- og svenneprøver.Artikkelen belyser hva yrkeskompetanse kan være og hvilke kompetanseelementer ulike yrker har til felles. Den belyser også hvordan kompetanseelementer i læreplanen, som er relevante å prøve til fag-og svenneprøven, kan identifiseres og dermed sikre validitet i prøvene i forhold til yrkenes reelle kompetansebehov. Den teoretiske forankringen til denne studien er knyttet til innholdet i begrepene yrkeskompetanse, vurdering og læreplananalyse og støtter seg blant annet til Goodlads og Engelsens perspektiv på læreplananalyse.Studien hadde en hermeneutisk forskningstilnærming. Metodene som ble brukt i studien var kvalitative intervjuer av fem yrkesutøvere i fem ulike yrker og dokumentanalyse av læreplaner for bedrift/Vg3 i respondentenes yrker.Intervjuene belyser hva yrkeskompetanse er i de ulike yrkene. Funn fra intervjuene kategoriseres og presenteres i form av et verktøy for analyse av læreplaner, som respondentene prøvde ut gjennom analyse av læreplanene for det lærefaget de selv har kompetanse i.Resultatet av studien viser felles kompetanseelementer for ulike yrker. Studien indikerer også manglende samsvar mellom innholdet i læreplanene og kompetansekravet i arbeidslivet, samt behov for videre forskning på analyse av kompetanser og kompetansebeskrivelse. Resultatet av studien er et verktøy for analyse av læreplaner.
Vertical and oblique ionospheric soundings performance comparison over the 12,760 km transequatorial HF link between Antarctica and Spain
Authors: Alsina‐Pagès R. M. , Hervás M. , Altadill D. , Calduch J. , Blanch E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis paper presents the second part of the study of the oblique sounding of a 12,760 km transequatorial ionospheric link between Livingston Island (Antarctica) and Cambrils in Spain. The study consists of the comparison among the oblique sounding results using an inverted V as receiver antenna, the International Telecommunication Union Rec533 HF prediction model, and the vertical sounding results on the path of the long haul channel. The data were collected the last consecutive surveys, when the inverted V antenna was operative (2010–2011, 2011–2012, 2012–2013, and 2013–2014). The ionospheric channel is studied in terms of frequency availability depending on time using the measurements of an oblique incidence sounder (OIS) and also measurements of several vertical incidence sounding stations (VIS) on the path of the long haul channel. The results obtained show similarities between the VIS and the OIS measurements; following previous studies preliminary results, the experiments conducted led us to think that the frequency of large availability can be estimated depending on the VIS sounding results.
Influence of coalescing aids on the latex properties and film formation of waterborne coatings
Authors: Berce Peter , Skale Saša , Razboršek Tina , Slemnik Mojca 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTCoalescing aids are organic solvents that are widely used to accommodate the film formation of waterborne coatings. The influence of the volatility, hydrophilicity, and amount of coalescing aids on the properties of waterborne dispersions and the dynamics of film formation was investigated. The results show that coalescing aids increased the viscosity through particle swelling and solvation, with the effect being stronger with more hydrophilic solvents. The results obtained with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and indentation tests show that hydrophilic coalescing aids were more efficient because of the partitioning on the particle interfaces but they could temporarily decrease the water resistance. The ease of coalescence was countered by solvent retention, which complicated the dynamics of film formation. EIS was used to optimize a real‐world coating formulation and identify the pitfalls arising from the complex dynamics of film formation. The best resistance to humidity was obtained with a combination of hydrophobic and hydrophilic coalescing aids. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45142.
Evaluation of parameters of a plankton community's biological rhythms under the natural environment of the Black Sea using the Fourier transform method
Authors: Mel'nikova Ye. B. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractNight‐time changes in bioluminescence intensity in the coastal area of the Black Sea were recorded. It was noted that the biomass of luminous organisms is closely correlated with the biomass of plankton and other pelagic organisms, including commercial pelagic fish. The parameters of plankton communities' basic biological rhythms were determined using the discrete Fourier transform method. These rhythms were manifest as spatial and temporal changes in the bioluminescence intensity. It was shown that changes in the bioluminescence intensity over a 14.0‐h period were due to the duration of the light/dark cycles. By contrast, changes in bioluminescence intensity with periods of 4.7 and 2.8 h were due to the endogenous rhythms of the plankton community (feeding and cell division). An original method for evaluating of errors in the calculated periods of the biological rhythms was proposed. A strong correlation (r = 0.906) was observed between the measured and calculated values for the bioluminescence intensity, which provided support for the assumptions made.
Dual hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion in liver transplants donated after circulatory death
Authors: van Rijn R , Karimian N , Matton A P M , Burlage L C , Westerkamp A C , van den Berg A P , de Kleine R H J , de Boer M T , Lisman T , Porte R J 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Background
Experimental studies have suggested that end-ischaemic dual hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion (DHOPE) may restore hepatocellular energy status and reduce reperfusion injury in donation after circulatory death (DCD) liver grafts. The aim of this prospective case–control study was to assess the safety and feasibility of DHOPE in DCD liver transplantation.

Methods
In consecutive DCD liver transplantations, liver grafts were treated with end-ischaemic DHOPE. Outcome was compared with that in a control group of DCD liver transplantations without DHOPE, matched for donor age, donor warm ischaemia time, and recipient Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) score. All patients were followed for 1 year.

Results
Ten transplantations involving liver grafts treated with DHOPE were compared with 20 control procedures. There were no technical problems. All 6-month and 1-year graft and patient survival rates were 100 per cent in the DHOPE group. Six-month graft survival and 1-year graft and patient survival rates in the control group were 80, 67 and 85 per cent respectively. During DHOPE, median (i.q.r.) hepatic adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) content increased 11-fold, from 6 (3–10) to 66 (42–87) µmol per g protein (P = 0·005). All DHOPE-preserved livers showed excellent early function. At 1 week after transplantation peak serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and bilirubin levels were twofold lower in the DHOPE group than in the control group (ALT: median 966 versus 1858 units/l respectively, P = 0·006; bilirubin: median 1·0 (i.q.r. 0·7–1·4) versus 2·6 (0·9–5·1) mg/dl, P = 0·044). None of the ten DHOPE-preserved livers required retransplantation for non-anastomotic biliary stricture, compared with five of 20 in the control group (P = 0·140).

Conclusion
This clinical study of end-ischaemic DHOPE in DCD liver transplantation suggests that the technique restores hepatic ATP, reduces reperfusion injury, and is safe and feasible. RCTs with larger numbers of patients are warranted to assess the efficacy in reducing post-transplant biliary complications.
Minimization of the Thiolactomycin Biosynthetic Pathway Reveals that the Cytochrome P450 Enzyme TlmF Is Required for Five‐Membered Thiolactone Ring Formation
Authors: Tang Xiaoyu , Li Jie , Moore Bradley S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThiolactomycin (TLM) belongs to a class of rare and unique thiotetronate antibiotics that inhibit bacterial fatty acid synthesis. Although this group of natural product antibiotics was first discovered over 30 years ago, the study of TLM biosynthesis remains in its infancy. We recently discovered the biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) for TLM from the marine bacterium Salinispora pacifica CNS‐863. Here, we report the investigation of TLM biosynthetic logic through mutagenesis and comparative metabolic analyses. Our results revealed that only four genes (tlmF, tlmG, tlmH, and tlmI) are required for the construction of the characteristic γ‐thiolactone skeleton of this class of antibiotics. We further showed that the cytochrome P450 TlmF does not directly participate in sulfur insertion and C−S bond formation chemistry but rather in the construction of the five‐membered thiolactone ring as, upon its deletion, we observed the alternative production of the six‐membered δ‐thiolactomycin. Our findings pave the way for future biochemical investigation of the biosynthesis of this structurally unique group of thiotetronic acid natural products.
Highly Selective Continuous Gas‐Phase Methoxycarbonylation of Ethylene with Supported Ionic Liquid Phase (SILP) Catalysts
Authors: Khokarale Santosh G. , García‐Suárez Eduardo J. , Fehrmann Rasmus , Riisager Anders 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSupported ionic liquid phase (SILP) technology was applied for the first time to the Pd‐catalyzed continuous, gas‐phase methoxycarbonylation of ethylene to selectively produce methyl propanoate (MP) in high yields. The influence of catalyst and reaction parameters such as, for example, ionic liquid loading, metal concentration, and ligand loadings was studied, and in particular the SILP catalyst activity and stability was found to be strongly dependent on the ligand to metal ratio.
Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer of Gas‐Liquid and Liquid‐Liquid Taylor Flow in Microchannels
Authors: Abiev Rufat , Svetlov Stanislav , Haase Stefan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHydrodynamics and mass transfer of both gas‐liquid and liquid‐liquid Taylor flow simulation in microchannels are reviewed. Theoretical approaches for description of hydrodynamic parameters and mass transfer characteristics are corroborated by comparison with available experimental results. Similarities and peculiarities of liquid‐liquid flows versus gas‐liquid Taylor flows in capillaries are discussed. Tools of mass transfer intensification of gas‐liquid and liquid‐liquid Taylor flow in microchannels are analyzed and optimal process conditions for gas‐liquid Taylor flows are evaluated.
Formal Synthesis of (+)‐Laurencin by Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Dehydrative Alkoxylation
Authors: Lanier Megan L. , Park Hyeri , Mukherjee Paramita , Timmerman Jacob C. , Ribeiro Anthony A. , Widenhoefer Ross A. , Hong Jiyong 
Published: April 2017

Abstract8‐Membered cyclic ethers are found in a wide range of natural products; however, they are challenging synthetic targets due to enthalpic and entropic barriers. The gold(I)‐catalyzed intramolecular dehydrative alkoxylation of ω‐hydroxy allylic alcohols was explored to stereoselectively construct α,α′‐cis‐oxocenes and further applied in a formal synthesis of (+)‐laurencin. The gold(I)‐catalyzed intramolecular dehydrative alkoxylation may constitute an alternative method for the synthesis of molecular building blocks and natural products that contain highly functionalized 8‐membered cyclic ethers.
Noninvasive predictors of perioperative atrial arrhythmias in patients with tetralogy of Fallot undergoing pulmonary valve replacement
Authors: Cortez Daniel , Barham Waseem , Ruckdeschel Emily , Sharma Nandita , McCanta Anthony C. , von Alvensleben Johannes , Sauer William H. , Collins Kathryn K. , Kay Joseph , Patel Sonali , Nguyen Duy T. 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundPatients with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) have increased risk of atrial arrhythmias.HypothesisA measure of atrial dispersion, the P‐wave vector magnitude (Pvm), can identify patients at risk for perioperative atrial flutter (AFL) or intra‐atrial re‐entrant tachycardia (IART) in a large TOF cohort.MethodsWe performed a blinded, retrospective analysis of 158 TOF patients undergoing pulmonary valve replacement between 1997 and 2015. History of AFL/IART was documented using electrocardiogram, Holter monitor, exercise stress test, implanted cardiac device, and electrophysiology study. P‐R intervals, Pvm, QRS duration, and QRS vector magnitude were assessed from resting sinus‐rhythm 12‐lead electrocardiograms and identification of those with AFL/IART was determined.ResultsFourteen patients (8.9%) were found to have AFL/IART. Pvm, QRS duration, and QRS vector magnitude significantly differentiated those with AFL/IART from those without on univariate analysis: 0.09 ± 0.04 vs 0.18 ± 0.07 mV, 161.3 ± 21.9 vs 137.7 ± 31.4 ms, and 1.2 (interquartile range, 1.0–1.2) vs 1.6 mV (1.0–2.3), respectively (P < 0.05 for each). The Pvm had the highest area under the ROC curve (0.88) and was the only significant predictor on multivariate analysis, with odds ratio of 0.02 (95% confidence interval: 0.01‐0.53). P‐R duration, MRI volumes, and right‐heart hemodynamics did not significantly differentiate those with vs those without AFL/IART.ConclusionsIn TOF patients undergoing pulmonary valve replacement, Pvm has significant value in predicting those with perioperative AFL/IART. These clinical features may help further evaluate TOF patients at risk for perioperative atrial arrhythmias. Prospective studies are warranted.
Spatial and temporal expression profiles of urocortin 3 mRNA in the brain of the chicken (Gallus gallus)
Authors: Grommen Sylvia V. H. , Scott Melissa K. , Darras Veerle M. , De Groef Bert 
Published: April 2017

AbstractUrocortin 3 (UCN3) is a neuropeptide believed to regulate stress‐coping responses by binding to type 2 corticotropin‐releasing hormone receptors. Here, we report the cloning and brain distribution of UCN3 mRNA in a sauropsid—the chicken, Gallus gallus. Mature chicken UCN3 is predicted to be a 40‐amino acid peptide showing high sequence similarity to human (93%), mouse (93%), and Xenopus (88%) UCN3. During the last third of embryonic development, UCN3 mRNA levels changed differentially in the various brain parts. In all brain parts, UCN3 mRNA levels tended to increase toward hatching, except for caudal brainstem, where a gradual decrease was observed during the last week of embryonic development. In cerebellum, a rapid increase in gene expression occurred between embryonic days 17 and 19. Using in situ hybridization, UCN3 mRNA was found to be expressed predominantly in the hypothalamus, pons, and medulla of posthatch chick brains, but not in some areas that are among the main expression sites in rodents, such as the brain areas where in mammals the median preoptic nucleus and the medial amygdala are located. This suggests that the roles of UCN3 in chicken, and perhaps sauropsids in general, are not all identical to those in rodents.
Kinetics of Valeric Acid Ketonization and Ketenization in Catalytic Pyrolysis on Nanosized SiO2, γ‐Al2O3, CeO2/SiO2, Al2O3/SiO2 and TiO2/SiO2
Authors: Kulyk Kostiantyn , Palianytsia Borys , Alexander John D. , Azizova Liana , Borysenko Mykola , Kartel Mykola , Larsson Mats , Kulik Tetiana 
Published: April 2017

AbstractValeric acid is an important renewable platform chemical that can be produced efficiently from lignocellulosic biomass. Upgrading of valeric acid by catalytic pyrolysis has the potential to produce value added biofuels and chemicals on an industrial scale. Understanding the different mechanisms involved in the thermal transformations of valeric acid on the surface of nanometer‐sized oxides is important for the development of efficient heterogeneously catalyzed pyrolytic conversion techniques. In this work, the thermal decomposition of valeric acid on the surface of nanoscale SiO2, γ‐Al2O3, CeO2/SiO2, Al2O3/SiO2 and TiO2/SiO2 has been investigated by temperature‐programmed desorption mass spectrometry (TPD MS). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) has also been used to investigate the structure of valeric acid complexes on the oxide surfaces. Two main products of pyrolytic conversion were observed to be formed depending on the nano‐catalyst used—dibutylketone and propylketene. Mechanisms of ketene and ketone formation from chemisorbed fragments of valeric acid are proposed and the kinetic parameters of the corresponding reactions were calculated. It was found that the activation energy of ketenization decreases in the order SiO2>γ‐Al2O3>TiO2/SiO2>Al2O3/SiO2, and the activation energy of ketonization decreases in the order γ‐Al2O3>CeO2/SiO2. Nano‐oxide CeO2/SiO2 was found to selectively catalyze the ketonization reaction.
WGA‐Alexa Conjugates for Axonal Tracing
Authors: Levy Sabrina L. , White Joshua J. , Lackey Elizabeth P. , Schwartz Lindsey , Sillitoe Roy V. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAnatomical labeling approaches are essential for understanding brain organization. Among these approaches are various methods of performing tract tracing. However, a major hurdle to overcome when marking neurons in vivo is visibility. Poor visibility makes it challenging to image a desired neuronal pathway so that it can be easily differentiated from a closely neighboring pathway. As a result, it becomes impossible to analyze individual projections or their connections. The tracer that is chosen for a given purpose has a major influence on the quality of the tracing. Here, we describe the wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) tracer conjugated to Alexa fluorophores for reliable high‐resolution tracing of central nervous system projections. Using the mouse cerebellum as a model system, we implement WGA‐Alexa tracing for marking and mapping neural circuits that control motor function. We also show its utility for marking localized regions of the cerebellum after performing single‐unit extracellular recordings in vivo. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Evaluating morphometric and metabolic markers of body condition in a small cetacean, the harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena)
Authors: Kershaw Joanna L. , Sherrill Meredith , Davison Nicholas J. , Brownlow Andrew , Hall Ailsa J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMammalian body condition is an important individual fitness metric as it affects both survival and reproductive success. The ability to accurately measure condition has key implications for predicting individual and population health, and therefore monitoring the population‐level effects of changing environments. No consensus currently exists on the best measure to quantitatively estimate body condition in many species, including cetaceans. Here, two measures of body condition were investigated in the harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). First, the most informative morphometric body condition index was identified. The mass/length2 ratio was the most appropriate morphometric index of 10 indices tested, explaining 50% of the variation in condition in stranded, male porpoises with different causes of death and across age classes (n = 291). Mass/length2 was then used to evaluate a second measure, blubber cortisol concentration, as a metabolic condition marker. Cortisol is the main glucocorticoid hormone involved in the regulation of lipolysis and overall energy balance in mammals, and concentrations could provide information on physiological state. Blubber cortisol concentrations did not significantly vary around the girth (n = 20), but there was significant vertical stratification through the blubber depth with highest concentrations in the innermost layer. Concentrations in the dorsal, outermost layer were representative of concentrations through the full blubber depth, showed variation by sex and age class, and were negatively correlated with mass/length2. Using this species as a model for live cetaceans from which standard morphometric measurements cannot be taken, but from which blubber biopsy samples are routinely collected, cortisol concentrations in the dorsal, outermost blubber layer could potentially be used as a biomarker of condition in free‐ranging animals.
Long‐term outcome of patients with solitary plasmacytoma treated with radiotherapy: A population‐based, single‐center study with median follow‐up of 13.7 years
Authors: Barzenje Dlawer Abdulla , Kolstad Arne , Ghanima Waleed , Holte Harald 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn this single‐center, population‐based, and retrospective study, we analyzed the outcome of 49 patients with solitary bone plasmacytoma (SBP) and 28 patients with solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma (SEP), all treated with radiotherapy. Laminectomy was performed in 18/30 SBP patients with vertebral involvement and tumour resection in 10 SEP patients. Overall survival and cause of death for each patient were compared to 5 sex‐, age‐, and residency‐matched individuals from the normal population. Response (complete and partial) was achieved in 94% of SBP and 96% of SEP patients. Relapse rates were higher in SBP (65%) compared to patients with SEP (18%) (P < .01). Only one in‐field relapse was identified for the whole series. Ten‐ and 15‐year overall survival, progression free survival (PFS) and multiple myeloma free survival (MMFS) for patients with SBP were 60%/41%, 25%/17%, and 33%/33%. Corresponding values for patients with SEP were 67%/54%, 57%/44%, and 91%/91%. SBP patients had significantly shorter PFS and MMFS compared to SEP patients (P < .01 for both). Only two of the SEP patients developed multiple myeloma and no patient in the whole series progressed to multiple myeloma later than 10 years after diagnosis. Unlike for SEP, the major cause of death among SBP patients was multiple myeloma (49%). Compared to matched normal population, no increased risk of death from secondary malignancies or cardiovascular disease was observed. Positive predictors in SBP patients were for overall survival age <60 years, combined laminectomy and radiotherapy and radiotherapy dose >40 gray, for PFS tumour size <6 cm and combined laminectomy and radiotherapy and for MMFS tumour size <6 cm. Radiotherapy confers excellent local control in both SEP and SBP patients; however, the challenge is to prevent development of multiple myeloma in patients with SBP.