bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Investigation of the Correlation between Electrode Structure and Number of Captured Particles in a Dielectrophoretic Device
Authors: AOKI RYOTO , SHIRAI NAOKI , UCHIDA SATOSHI , TOCHIKUBO FUMIYOSHI 
Published: March 2016

SUMMARYFor the strict application of food hygiene regulations such as hazard analysis critical control point systems, the development of a rapid and simple measurement scheme for biological particles is essential. Recently, a hybrid method using dielectrophoretic manipulation and microfluidic operation has attracted attention for bioparticle detection. However, the influence of the electrode structure on the dielectrophoretic force has not been fully understood. For effective design of dielectrophoretic devices, it is important to investigate quantitatively the capture characteristics. In the present work, we numerically simulate the particle dynamics in the capture region of a dielectrophoretic microdevice with interdigitated electrodes. The dependence of the dielectrophoretic force on the electrode width and gap length shows that there is a maximum for the capture height of particles, assuming an adequate electrode structure. Furthermore, the number of captured particles is accurately evaluated when the effective region ratio is taken into consideration. Under typical conditions, the number of captured particles is almost always in agreement with experimental results.
Effect of Ni, Cr, V, and Zn Substitution on the Electrochemical Properties of Spinel Ferrites
Authors: OBARA GAKU , TAKAHASHI RYO , UDA SHOTA 
Published: March 2016

SUMMARYSpinel ferrite nanoparticles, promising electrode materials for redox capacitors, were prepared with the chemical coprecipitation technique. In this work, the effects of the value of x on the electrochemical properties of ZnxFe3 − xO4, NixFe3 − xO4, CrxFe3 − xO4, (V1/3Zn2/3)xFe3 − xO4, and VxFe3 − xO4 spinel ferrite electrodes were investigated. Additionally, the effects of the occupied site and valence of Fe ions in the spinel structure on capacitance were discussed. The results show that the capacitance of the spinel ferrites increased with an increase in Fe2 + ion in the 16d sites of the spinel structure.
A 3‐DOF Inchworm Using Levitation Caused by Vertical Vibration
Authors: TORII AKIHIRO , NISHIO MITSUHIRO , DOKI KAE , UEDA AKITERU 
Published: March 2016

SUMMARYWe propose a 3‐DOF inchworm‐type microactuator that uses levitation generated by vertical vibration. The vertical vibration is created by a piezoelectric actuator. The inchworm typically consists of thrust elements and clamp elements. The proposed inchworm, however, does not use any clamp elements. Four levitation elements are connected with four thrust elements, which are stacked‐type piezoelectric actuators. The levitation element consists of a mass, a piezoelectric actuator, and a plate. The vertical vibration of the piezoelectric actuator lifts the levitation elements, which eliminates any friction. By controlling the order of the deformation of the horizontal piezoelectric actuators and the vibration of the vertical piezoelectric actuators, the inchworm engages in linear and rotational motion. The levitation height and the linear and rotational displacement of the inchworm were measured. Experimental results demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed 3‐DOF inchworm. The mechanism described in this paper is effective for a precision positioning system in a clean room.
The geomorphology of the Anthropocene: emergence, status and implications
Authors: Brown Antony G. , Tooth Stephen , Bullard Joanna E. , Thomas David S. G. , Chiverrell Richard C. , Plater Andrew J. , Murton Julian , Thorndycraft Varyl R. , Tarolli Paolo , Rose James , Wainwright John , Downs Peter , Aalto Rolf 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe Anthropocene is proposed as a new interval of geological time in which human influence on Earth and its geological record dominates over natural processes. A major challenge in demarcating the Anthropocene is that the balance between human‐influenced and natural processes varies over spatial and temporal scales owing to the inherent variability of both human activities (as associated with culture and modes of development) and natural drivers (e.g. tectonic activity and sea level variation). Against this backdrop, we consider how geomorphology might contribute towards the Anthropocene debate by focusing on human impact on aeolian, fluvial, cryospheric and coastal process domains, and how evidence of this impact is preserved in landforms and sedimentary records. We also consider the evidence for an explicitly anthropogenic geomorphology that includes artificial slopes and other human‐created landforms. This provides the basis for discussing the theoretical and practical contributions that geomorphology can make to defining an Anthropocene stratigraphy. It is clear that the relevance of the Anthropocene concept varies considerably amongst different branches of geomorphology, depending on the history of human actions in different process domains. For example, evidence of human dominance is more widespread in fluvial and coastal records than in aeolian and cryospheric records, so geomorphologically the Anthropocene would inevitably comprise a highly diachronous lower boundary. Even to identify this lower boundary, research would need to focus on the disambiguation of human effects on geomorphological and sedimentological signatures. This would require robust data, derived from a combination of modelling and new empirical work rather than an arbitrary ‘war of possible boundaries' associated with convenient, but disputed, ‘golden’ spikes. Rather than being drawn into stratigraphical debates, the primary concern of geomorphology should be with the investigation of processes and landform development, so providing the underpinning science for the study of this time of critical geological transition. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mass spectrometric real‐time monitoring of an enzymatic phosphorylation assay using internal standards and data‐handling freeware
Authors: Krappmann Michael , de Boer Arjen R. , Kool Daniël R.W. , Irth Hubertus , Letzel Thomas 
Published: March 2016

RationaleContinuous‐flow reaction detection systems (monitoring enzymatic reactions with mass spectrometry (MS)) lack quantitative values so far. Therefore, two independent internal standards (IS) are implemented in a way that the online system stability can be observed, quantitative conversion values for substrate and product can be obtained and they can be used as mass calibration standards for high MS accuracy.MethodsAn application previously developed for the MS detection of peptide phosphorylation by cAMP‐dependent protein kinase A (PKA) (De Boer et al., Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2005, 381, 647–655) was transferred to a continuous‐flow reaction detection system. This enzymatic reaction, involving enzyme activation as well as the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to a peptide substrate, was used to prove the compatibility of a quantitative enzymatic assay in a continuous‐flow real‐time system (connected to MS).ResultsMoreover (using internal standards), the critical parameter reaction temperature (including solution density variations depending on temperature) was studied in the continuous‐flow mixing system. Furthermore, two substrates (malantide and kemptide), two enzyme types (catalytic subunit of PKA and complete PKA) and one inhibitor were tested to determine system robustness and long‐term availability. Even spraying solutions that contained significant amount of MS contaminants (e.g. the polluted catalytic subunit) resulted in quantifiable MS signal intensities. Subsequent recalculations using the internal standards led to results representing the power of this application.ConclusionsThe presented methodology and the data evaluation with available Achroma freeware enable the direct coupling of biochemical assays with quantitative MS detection. Monitoring changes such as temperature, reaction time, inhibition, or compound concentrations can be observed quantitatively and thus enzymatic activity can be calculated. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Why Higher Education: Lessons Learned in a Learner‐Centered College
Authors: Shugart Sanford C. 
Published: March 2016

Based on a decade of consistently improving student outcomes at Valencia College, first winner of the Aspen Prize for Excellence in Community Colleges, five lessons for connecting student and institutional purpose are described. These include: a focus on what students really experience, understanding the college as a bridge and not a destination, building into the whole college six essential experiences every student requires to be successful beginning with a New Student Experience, and keeping the question of Who ahead of What in our designs for students seeking purpose.
Adolescent bystanders' perspectives of aggression in the online versus school environments☆
Authors: Patterson Lisa J. , Allan Alfred , Cross Donna 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTResearchers' understanding of bystanders' perspectives in the cyber‐environment fails to take young people's perceptions into account and remains imperfect. Interventions encouraging adolescents to help targets of cyber‐aggression are therefore typically based upon traditional school‐based aggression research. Twenty‐four in‐depth interviews with Australian 13–16 year‐olds revealed two themes that reflect how young bystanders perceive differences between aggression online and at school. The physical presence theme suggests that young bystanders struggle to determine online intentions in the absence of body language, leading to hesitancy in reactions and furthermore make it easier for them to ignore online transgressions and avoid becoming involved. The authority theme indicates young bystanders perceive that, compared to the school environment, the online environment lacks clearly established rules, authority figures and formal reporting mechanisms. These differences indicate that unique strategies should be developed to encourage young bystanders to intervene in cyber‐aggression situations.
The role of intergenerational similarity and parenting in adolescent self‐criticism: An actor–partner interdependence model
Authors: Bleys Dries , Soenens Bart , Boone Liesbet , Claes Stephan , Vliegen Nicole , Luyten Patrick 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTResearch investigating the development of adolescent self‐criticism has typically focused on the role of either parental self‐criticism or parenting. This study used an actor–partner interdependence model to examine an integrated theoretical model in which achievement‐oriented psychological control has an intervening role in the relation between parental and adolescent self‐criticism. Additionally, the relative contribution of both parents and the moderating role of adolescent gender were examined. Participants were 284 adolescents (M = 14 years, range = 12–16 years) and their parents (M = 46 years, range = 32–63 years). Results showed that only maternal self‐criticism was directly related to adolescent self‐criticism. However, both parents' achievement‐oriented psychological control had an intervening role in the relation between parent and adolescent self‐criticism in both boys and girls. Moreover, one parent's achievement‐oriented psychological control was not predicted by the self‐criticism of the other parent.
Jim Larkin and the Communist Internationals, 1923–9
Authors: O’Connor Emmet 
Published: March 2016

In 1924 James Larkin agreed with British and Soviet communists to undertake the leadership of communism in Ireland. The triangular relationship soon became poisoned with dissension, insubordination and deceit. Not only did Larkin refuse to form a communist party, he went to great lengths to ensure that no one else did either. By 1925 British communists, contrary to Moscow’s directives, were attempting to work in Ireland independently of Larkin, and by 1927 Moscow too was plotting to clip his wings.Larkin’s communist career is treated in some detail in two publications. Emmet Larkin’s biography offers the kindest interpetation, taking his subject’s politics at face value, and concluding that Ireland, and the weak and divided condition of its labour movement after 1923, were simply too hostile an environment for communism. Mike Milotte’s Communism in modern Ireland deals more directly with organisational politics and cites repeated examples of Larkin’s failure. Both studies are based on sources available in the west, which offer a superficial picture of events, and the story still holds obvious puzzles. Why did Larkin accept the leadership of the communist movement and then deliberately prevent its development? Why did Moscow tolerate his leadership for so long? Did Larkin have a political strategy, or were his political thinking and actions purely impulsive and reactive? And how do we explain his eccentric behaviour during these years, when he seemed to quarrel with everyone?With the liberalisation of access to the former Central Party Archive of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in the Institute for Marxism-Leninism, Moscow, now the Russian Centre for the Conservation and Study of Documents of Modern History (Rossijskij Tsentr Khraneniya i Izutshenija Dokumentov Novejshej Istorij, cited as R.Ts.Kh.I.D.N.I. throughout this article), it is possible to answer these questions.
Theory of mind in recognizing and recovering communicative failures
Authors: BOSCO FRANCESCA M. , GABBATORE ILARIA 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTWe analyzed the role played by theory of mind (ToM) in children's ability to recognize and repair different kinds of communicative failures. In particular, we analyzed three different kinds of communicative failures: failure of the expression act, communicative meaning, and communicative effect. We administered videotaped stories, in which people act out a communicative failure and first- and second-order ToM tasks, to 120 children ranging in age from 3.5 to 8.5 years. The children showed a trend of increasing difficulty in managing the communicative failures investigated. Moreover, children's ToM ability is partially correlated with recognition and repair of a communicative task; however, it is not able to explain the trend of difficulty we detected. We suggest that the factor better explaining such trend is the increasing complexity of the mental representations underlying the three different kinds of failures.
‘In earth, as it is in heaven’
Authors: Willis G. G. 
Published: March 2016

The Book Annexed of 1662, as printed by the Queen’s Printers from the manuscript authenticated by the signatures of the members of both Houses of either Convocation, and annexed to the Act of Uniformity of 1662, shews no consistency in printing the Lord’s Prayer, and almost every time it occurs it is spelt or punctuated in a different way. But the variants are small, and in this Book the phrasing of the Prayer for public recitation appears in the following form:—Our Father, which art in heaven. Hallowed be thy name. Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done in earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread, And forgive us our trespasses, As we forgive them that trespass against us; And lead us not into temptation, But deliver us from evil. Amen.
Taboo or Gift? The Lord’s Day in Byzantium
Authors: Baun Jane 
Published: March 2016

Church history has tended to trace the development of doctrine, either orthodox or heretical, canonical or anti-canonical. This paper, however, examines ‘para-canonical’ ideas, those which develop alongside the canonical – not quite heretical, but not fully orthodox either. Canonical norms, while constant in principle, have always been subject in practice to multiple understandings. Most of these shifting understandings, among groups or individuals, are fleeting and can never be recovered; this is why the history of the reception of canonical norms is so elusive. But for the social historian of religion, reception is often more interesting than the norms themselves.What actually ‘trickles down’ from what the bishops teach? This paper will maintain that some record of how things ‘trickled down’ is preserved in para-canonical religious texts, commonly known as ‘apocryphal’ literature. It considers various ways in which the canonical norms of the Greek Orthodox Church concerning the Lord’s Day were understood in a specific time and place: medieval Byzantium, between the ninth and the twelfth centuries. This was a crucial formative period for Orthodox Church culture, both Greek and Slav, during which ritual and moral attitudes that still obtain today were being worked out.
Investigation of association between hip morphology and prevalence of osteoarthritis
Authors: Zeng Wei-Nan , Wang Fu-You , Chen Cheng , Zhang Ying , Gong Xiao-Yuan , Zhou Kai , Chen Zhi , Wang Duan , Zhou Zong-Ke , Yang Liu 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe cause of hip osteoarthritis (OA) remains unclear, morphologic abnormality of hip was thought to be a contributing factor to hip OA. The hypothesis was that there were subtle anatomical morphology differences of the hip between normal and OA subjects; the objective of this study was to explore these anatomical differences which are predisposing to hip OA based on CT 3D reconstruction. Ninety-three normal subjects (186 hips) and 66 mild-to-moderate hip OA subjects (132 hips) were recruited in this study. Three parameters of the head-neck relationship were assessed: translation, rotation and concavity. Translation was the potential translational movements of femoral head related to the neck’s axis. Rotation was described by the physeal scar to evaluate the rotation tendency of femoral head related to the neck at the head-neck junction. Concavity was used to assess the sphericity of the head as it joins the neck. The femoral neck anteversion angle and some parameters of the acetabulum: anteversion, inclination and CE angle were measured too. By comparison, it was found that OA subjects had less femoral head sphericity, head-neck junction concavity, acetabular and femoral neck anteversion angle; but greater acetabular coverage. These characteristics increased the risk of hip OA in OA subjects.
c-axis preferential orientation of hydroxyapatite accounts for the high wear resistance of the teeth of black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus)
Authors: Fu Jimin , He Chong , Xia Biao , Li Yan , Feng Qiong , Yin Qifang , Shi Xinghua , Feng Xue , Wang Hongtao , Yao Haimin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBiological armors such as mollusk shells have long been recognized and studied for their values in inspiring novel designs of engineering materials with higher toughness and strength. However, no material is invincible and biological armors also have their rivals. In this paper, our attention is focused on the teeth of black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) which is a predator of shelled mollusks like snails and mussels. Nanoscratching test on the enameloid, the outermost layer of the teeth, indicates that the natural occlusal surface (OS) has much higher wear resistance compared to the other sections. Subsequent X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the hydroxyapatite (HAp) crystallites in the vicinity of OS possess c-axis preferential orientation. The superior wear resistance of black carp teeth is attributed to the c-axis preferential orientation of HAp near the OS since the (001) surface of HAp crystal, which is perpendicular to the c-axis, exhibits much better wear resistance compared to the other surfaces as demonstrated by the molecular dynamics simulation. Our results not only shed light on the origin of the good wear resistance exhibited by the black carp teeth but are of great value to the design of engineering materials with better abrasion resistance.
Opposing effects of oxidative challenge and carotenoids on antioxidant status and condition-dependent sexual signalling
Authors: Tomášek Oldřich , Gabrielová Barbora , Kačer Petr , Maršík Petr , Svobodová Jana , Syslová Kamila , Vinkler Michal , Albrecht Tomáš 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSeveral recent hypotheses consider oxidative stress to be a primary constraint ensuring honesty of condition-dependent carotenoid-based signalling. The key testable difference between these hypotheses is the assumed importance of carotenoids for redox homeostasis, with carotenoids being either antioxidant, pro-oxidant or unimportant. We tested the role of carotenoids in redox balance and sexual signalling by exposing adult male zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) to oxidative challenge (diquat dibromide) and manipulating carotenoid intake. As the current controversy over the importance of carotenoids as antioxidants could stem from the hydrophilic basis of commonly-used antioxidant assays, we used the novel measure ofin vivolipophilic antioxidant capacity. Oxidative challenge reduced beak pigmentation but elicited an increase in antioxidant capacity suggesting resource reallocation from signalling to redox homeostasis. Carotenoids counteracted the effect of oxidative challenge on lipophilic (but not hydrophilic) antioxidant capacity, thereby supporting carotenoid antioxidant functionin vivo. This is inconsistent with hypotheses proposing that signalling honesty is maintained through either ROS-induced carotenoid degradation or the pro-oxidant effect of high levels of carotenoid-cleavage products acting as a physiological handicap. Our data further suggest that assessment of lipophilic antioxidant capacity is necessary to fully understand the role of redox processes in ecology and evolution.
Efficacy of Commercially Available Quaternary Ammonium Compounds for Controlling New Zealand Mudsnails Potamopyrgus antipodarum
Authors: Stout J. Benjamin , Avila Brian W. , Fetherman Eric R. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The New Zealand mudsnail Potamopyrgus antipodarum is an invasive species that can be transported to and established in new bodies of water on gear used by aquatic professionals, anglers, and aquatic recreationists. Sparquat 256, a standard disinfectant for controlling the spread of mudsnails, was recently discontinued by the manufacturer. Our objective was to find an industrial-strength, commercially available quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) that could replace Sparquat 256 for disinfection purposes. The efficacy of three products—Quat 4, Green Solutions High Dilutions Disinfectant 256 (GS 256), and Super HDQ Neutral (Super HDQ)—were tested using bath disinfection at multiple concentrations and exposure durations. For bath disinfection purposes, GS 256 and Super HDQ were the most effective. Super HDQ caused higher mortality rates at 48 h postexposure and was therefore tested and found to be highly effective for spray disinfection to prevent transporting mudsnails on field equipment. Regardless of the QAC chosen, we recommend a bath disinfection rate of 0.4% and a spray disinfection rate of 0.8% QACs in solution with an exposure duration of 10 min. These concentrations meet or exceed minimum effective disinfection requirements for quagga mussels Dreissena rostriformis bugensis, zebra mussels Dreissena polymorpha, whirling disease Myxobolus cerebralis, and chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis.
Received January 8, 2015; accepted November 8, 2015 Published online March 22, 2016