bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Natural Product‐like Indeno[2,1‐b]indole/Shikimic Acid Hybrid Analogues with Anti‐osteoclastogenic Activity via Photo‐Nazarov Reaction
Authors: Shao Zhengguang , Wang Tianqi , Zhang Xiaofei , Jiang Min , Zhu Weiliang , Ning Ruonan , Yang Chunhao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIndeno[2,1‐b]indole and shikimic acid‐like structures are natural privileged scaffolds in several bioactive NPs. In this work, we developed a high‐efficient and diastereoselective synthetic approach to construct novel indeno[2,1‐b]indole/shikimic acid hybrid analogues via photo‐Nazarov reaction. The protocol is the first case of excited‐state photo‐Nazarov cyclization of indole‐2‐yl vinyl ketone to indeno[2,1‐b]indole. (6aS, 10aR)‐products were afforded in moderate to good yields (37–92 %) for most of substrates (91 % for model substrate 1 aa) after the condition optimization. Even more attractive, several synthesized analogues (2 t, 3 c and 3 d) exhibited potent RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis inhibitory activities (inhibitory rate >50 % at 5 μM), which suggested promising prospect of the novel tetracyclic indeno[2,1‐b]indole/shikimic acid hybrid scaffold for anti‐osteoporosis drug development.
Performance analysis of refuse‐derived fuel gasification plant with carbon capture and storage for power, heating, and hydrogen production
Authors: Balaban Dario , Lubura Stošić Jelena , Bera Oskar , Kojić Predrag 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAmong various waste‐to‐energy technologies, gasification is one of the most promising, because of high efficiency, feedstock flexibility, and carbon capture potential. This case study is focused on comprehensive analysis of integrated gasification combined cycle‐based plant with refuse‐derived fuel (RDF) as feedstock and carbon capture. As there are hardly any studies focused on simulation of waste gasification with carbon capture, most of which are lacking important process specifics, this study addresses existing research gap. Process flowsheets are developed in detail according to literature data for various process configurations and simulated in AspenPlus software, while obtained results on material and energy balance were used for estimation of plant efficiency and performance indicators. Waste generation data in Novi Sad, Serbia, were used for determination of RDF flowrate. Configurations include different syngas cleaning pathways, final products (power, heating, and hydrogen) and co‐gasification with coal. Cogeneration increases overall plant efficiency from 27%–36% (power production only) to 63%–76%. High net hydrogen efficiencies, around 58%, compensate lower power and thermal energy production in hydrogen‐based configurations. Overall, co‐gasification produces better results due to higher feedstock heating value. Obtained results will be used in further research for environmental and economic evaluation to provide multi‐level assessment of proposed processes.
Exploring thermal flow dynamics in pressurized water reactors using hybrid graphene nanoplatelet coolants
Authors: Uzun Sinem , Genç Yasin , Acır Adem 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of hybrid nanoparticles on the temperature of nuclear reactor coolant, with a focus on graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)‐based hybrid nanoparticles. Sixteen different hybrid nanofluids were analyzed, and their performance was compared with a standard water‐based coolant. The criticality values were obtained through MCNP modeling, revealing that higher nanoparticle ratios led to increased criticality, with the highest value of 1.3239 observed in GNP‐Fe3O4 + Al2O3 nanofluids (0.05 wt%) and the lowest value of 1.2935 in GNP–Fe3O4 + SiO2 nanofluids (0.001 wt%). Temperature variations showed that increasing nanoparticle concentrations resulted in slightly higher temperatures, with a maximum of 611.97 K for 0.05 vol.% GNP nanoparticles. Additionally, the departure from nucleate boiling ratio values were consistently above the safety threshold of 2.08, with the lowest value of 3.657 for GNP–Fe3O4 + SiO2 nanofluids (0.05 vol.%). These findings suggest that hybrid nanofluids, particularly those with higher nanoparticle ratios, can enhance the thermal performance and safety margins of nuclear reactor coolants, offering a promising avenue for future research and application.
A characterization study of Wadi Thamad oil shale: Towards a new source of energy in Jordan
Authors: Al‐Ananzeh Nada M. , Bani‐Melhem Khalid , Khasawneh Hussam Elddin , Al‐Jarrah Asem , Abuawwad Ibrahim F. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractJordan's energy sector faces significant challenges due to rising fuel prices, making the exploration of local energy resources crucial. The abundant oil shale deposits in Wadi Thamad present a promising opportunity. Since Wadi Thamad oil shale has never been studied before, this research focuses on the Wadi Thamad basin near Madaba, Jordan, aiming to comprehensively characterize its oil shale using advanced analytical techniques. Using X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry, this study assesses the mineralogical, chemical, and thermal properties of Wadi Thamad oil shale. The findings reveal calcite and quartz as the primary minerals, with significant aliphatic, CO2, hydroxyl, and carboxyl groups. Elemental analysis highlights essential oxides, such as CaO and SiO2. Fischer assay results indicate an oil content of 5.3–10.1 wt%, a gross‐calorific value of 4.56–7.69 MJ/kg, and a sulfur content of 1.77–2.10 wt%. The peak pyrolysis temperature is 432.4°C from TGA. This research's novelty lies in its comprehensive approach to characterizing the underexplored Wadi Thamad oil shale basin. The findings enhance the understanding of Wadi Thamad's geological composition and underscore its potential as a local energy resource, contributing valuable data to Jordan's energy portfolio and offering economic benefits.
Identification of the vortex in the main flow passage of a multiphase pump and the relationship with pressure fluctuation
Authors: Shi Guangtai , Tang Manqi , Lv Wenjuan , Peng Xiaodong , Quan Hui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article investigates the evolution of vortex structures in the impeller channel of a multiphase pump. By capturing the vortices in the impeller channel using the vorticity and Q‐criterion, the generation location of the vortex structures is analyzed, and the pressure fluctuations induced by vortices in the main flow passage of the impeller are studied in terms of their time‐ and frequency‐domain characteristics. The relationship between the vorticity and the amplitude of pressure fluctuations at the main frequency of the impeller is further investigated. This study develops a method of identifying vortices in the impeller channel of the multiphase pump, and reveals the intrinsic connection between the vortices and pressure fluctuations in the main flow passage. These findings offer some suggestions for eliminating the influence of vortices and enhancing the pressurizing capabilities of multiphase pumps.
Comparative analysis of novel data‐driven techniques for remaining useful life estimation of wind turbine high‐speed shaft bearings
Authors: Pandit Ravi , Santos Matilde , Sierra‐García Jesus Enrique 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAs the global momentum for wind power generation accelerates, the industry faces substantial challenges due to premature failures in wind turbine components. These failures, particularly in critical elements like the high‐speed shaft bearing, lead to significant operational losses, including unplanned downtime and elevated maintenance costs. To mitigate these issues, it's crucial to have precise predictions of the remaining useful life (RUL) of these components, enabling timely interventions and more efficient maintenance schedules. This article proposes advanced, data‐driven approaches for estimating the RUL of wind turbine high‐speed shaft bearings, utilizing cutting‐edge techniques such as long short‐term memory (LSTM), bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM), gated recurrent units (GRU), and random forest (RF) algorithms. Our analysis leverages vibration data from a 2 MW wind turbine equipped with a 20‐tooth pinion gear, providing a thorough validation and comparison of these methodologies against traditional models. Our results reveal that the LSTM and BiLSTM models excel in both accuracy and computational efficiency for predicting RUL and enhancing system prognosis, surpassing the performance of conventional RF and GRU methods. This research underscores the potential of our innovative data‐driven strategies to develop effective RUL estimation algorithms, significantly advancing wind turbine proactive operation and maintenance operations.
Comparing Ancestry Standardization Approaches for a Transancestry Colorectal Cancer Polygenic Risk Score
Authors: Rosenthal Elisabeth A. , Hsu Li , Thomas Minta , Peters Ulrike , Kachulis Christopher , Patterson Karynne , Jarvik Gail P. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTColorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex disease with monogenic, polygenic and environmental risk factors. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) aim to identify high polygenic risk individuals. Due to differences in genetic background, PRS distributions vary by ancestry, necessitating standardization. We compared four post‐hoc methods using the All of Us Research Program Whole Genome Sequence data for a transancestry CRC PRS. We contrasted results from linear models trained on A. the entire data or an ancestrally diverse subset AND B. covariates including principal components of ancestry or admixture. Standardization with the training subset also adjusted the variance. All methods performed similarly within ancestry, OR (95% C.I.) per s.d. change in PRS: African 1.5 (1.02, 2.08), Admixed American 2.2 (1.27, 3.85), European 1.6 (1.43, 1.89), and Middle Eastern 1.1 (0.71, 1.63). Using admixture and an ancestrally diverse training set provided distributions closest to standard Normal. Training a model on ancestrally diverse participants, adjusting both the mean and variance using admixture as covariates, created standard Normal z‐scores, which can be used to identify patients at high polygenic risk. These scores can be incorporated into comprehensive risk calculation including other known risk factors, allowing for more precise risk estimates.
Effectiveness of educational intervention on quality of life in adults with thalassemia major: A quasi‐experimental study based on PRECEDE model
Authors: Hassani Laleh , Seyrafi Niloofar , Mohammadi Sama , Aghamolaei Teamur , Ghanbarnejad Amin , Reza Evazi Mohammad 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and AimDue to the adverse effects of their disease, patients with thalassemia major face many problems such as a lack of proper growth, enlarged spleen and liver, bone disorders, especially the bones of the head and face. As a result of the long treatment process of this disease, other aspects of their life are also affected. The physical and mental problems in this population of patients will lead to frustration and lower social performance and quality of life. The present study aimed to explore the effect of an educational intervention based on the PRECEDE model on quality of life of adults with thalassemia major in Hormozgan province.MethodsThe present quasi‐experimental study was conducted on 234 adults with major thalassemia who visited the thalassemia medical centers in Hormozgan province in 2022. The participants were selected through a simple randomization from two cities of Hormozgan province (Bandar Abbas as the intervention group and Minab as the control). Each group had an equal number of participants (n = 117). The data were collected using a demographic information questionnaire, a researcher‐made questionnaire based on the model constructs and the SF‐12 quality of life questionnaire. The instruments were once administered before the intervention and once again 4 months after the intervention. The educational intervention included 3 sessions a week, each 60 min in length, shared in WhatsApp and Telegram. The data were analyzed in statistical package for the social sciences version 24 using Mann−Whitney U‐test, chi‐square test, Wilcoxon's test, and analysis of covariance.FindingsThe results showed that after the educational intervention, the mean scores of knowledge, attitude, self‐efficacy, enabling afctors, reinforcing factors and the mean score of overall quality of life increased significantly in the intervention group compared to the control (p < 0.05). The covariance analysis showed when the effect of the pretest score is removed, the mean scores of the model constructs and the quality of life are significantly different in the two groups.ConclusionEducational interventions based on the PRECEDE model can help identify factors affecting the quality of life on many aspects in patients with thalassemia major. Thus, these interventions help improve patients' quality of life. The present findings can guide health policy makers and experts use modern educational interventions to develop the educational content to promote a healthy lifestyle and self‐management in certain diseases such as thalassemia major.
HIV vaccination: Navigating the path to a transformative breakthrough—A review of current evidence
Authors: Scott Godfred Yawson , Worku Dominic 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and AimHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a significant global health challenge, with approximately 39 million people living with HIV worldwide as of 2022. Despite progress in antiretroviral therapy, achieving the UNAIDS “95‐95‐95” target to end the HIV epidemic by 2025 faces challenges, particularly in sub‐Saharan Africa. The pursuit of an HIV vaccine is crucial, offering durable immunity and the potential to end the epidemic. Challenges in vaccine development include the lack of known immune correlates, suitable animal models, and HIV's high mutation rate. This study aims to explore the current state of HIV vaccine development, focusing on the challenges and innovative approaches being investigated.MethodsIn writing this review, we conducted a search of medical databases such as PubMed, ResearchGate, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The exploration of messenger ribonucleic acid vaccines, which have proven successful in the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic, presents a promising avenue for HIV vaccine development. Understanding HIV‐1's ability to infiltrate various bodily compartments, establish reservoirs, and manipulate immune responses is critical. Robust cytotoxic T lymphocytes and broadly neutralizing antibodies are identified as key components, though their production faces challenges. Innovative approaches, including computational learning and advanced drug delivery systems, are being investigated to effectively activate the immune system.Results and ConclusionsDiscrepancies between animal models and human responses have hindered the progress of vaccine development. Despite these challenges, ongoing research is focused on overcoming these obstacles through advanced methodologies and technologies. Addressing the challenges in HIV vaccine development is paramount to realizing an effective HIV‐1 vaccine and achieving the goal of ending the epidemic. The integration of innovative approaches and a deeper understanding of HIV‐1's mechanisms are essential steps toward this transformative breakthrough.
Clinically validated HPV assays offer comparable long‐term safety in primary cervical cancer screening: A 9‐year follow‐up of a population‐based screening cohort
Authors: Oštrbenk Valenčak Anja , Kroon Kelsi R. , Fabjan Danijela , Mlakar Jana , Seme Katja , Berkhof Johannes , Poljak Mario 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMolecular testing for human papillomaviruses (HPV) is gradually replacing cytology in cervical cancer screening. In this longitudinal population‐based cohort study, 4140 women 20 to 64 years old attending organized screening were tested at baseline by five different screening methods and followed for 9 years. To assess long‐term safety, the cumulative risks of CIN2+/CIN3+ were estimated after a negative baseline result obtained by conventional cytology and four clinically validated HPV assays: Hybrid Capture 2 (hc2), RealTime High Risk HPV assay (RealTime), cobas 4800 HPV Test (cobas_4800), and Alinity m HR HPV (Alinity). HPV‐negative women at baseline had a substantially lower risk for CIN2+ compared to those with normal baseline cytology: 0.84% (95% CI, 0.46–1.22), 0.90% (95% CI, 0.51–1.29), 0.78% (95% CI, 0.42–1.15), and 0.75% (95% CI, 0.39–1.11) for hc2, RealTime, cobas_4800, and Alinity, respectively, compared to 2.46% (95% CI, 1.88–3.03) for cytology. No differences were observed between HPV assays in longitudinal sensitivity (range: 86.21%–90.36%) and negative predictive values (range: 99.54%–99.70%) for CIN2+ in women ≥30 years, but were significantly different from cytology (p < .05). The 9‐year cumulative risk of CIN2+ differed significantly between HPV genotypes, reaching 32.1% (95% CI, 14.5–46.1) for HPV16, 24.9% (95% CI, 4.7–40.8) for HPV18/45, 27.2% (95% CI, 14.6–37.8) for HPV31/33/35/52/58, and 8.1% (95% CI, 0.0–16.7) for HPV39/51/56/59. Four clinically validated HPV assays showed comparable safety and better assurance against precancerous lesions than cytology, but some important differences were identified in the performance characteristics of HPV assays impacting the referral rate. Information about the HPV genotype is valuable for guiding further clinical action in HPV‐based screening programs.
Positive character and psychological well‐being: A nuanced examination among adolescents from diverse rural–urban and migration contexts
Authors: Wang Yaqiong , Su Shaobing , Xiao Jiale , Lin Danhua 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionPositive character is an integral component of positive youth development that relates to psychological well‐being among adolescents, yet the literature has largely overlooked its within‐group variation. This study examined the latent profiles of positive character and explored their variation in psychological well‐being across four adolescent groups (i.e., migrant, left‐behind, rural local, and urban local adolescents) within each profile.MethodsA diverse sample of 15,895 adolescents from 10 provinces of China (Meanage = 13.16, SD = 2.53; 47.5% girls) completed a cross‐sectional survey on positive character and psychological well‐being in 2017. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted based on four positive characters. We investigated the distribution of each positive character profile across subgroups, as well as if and how the psychological well‐being varied across different adolescent groups within each profile.ResultsLPA revealed three subgroups, including “Thriving” (53.6%), “Moderate” (39.1%), and “Lagging” (7.4%) positive character profiles. The “Thriving” profile was more prevalent among the urban local (58.5%) and migrant (55.8%) adolescent groups, while the “Lagging” profile was most prevalent among the left‐behind adolescent group (11.6%). Urban local and migrant adolescents tended to show better psychological well‐being compared to rural local and left‐behind adolescents, and the disparities were generally more pronounced under the “Thriving” profile as compared to the “Moderate” and “Lagging” profiles.ConclusionsThree positive character profiles were captured among four groups of Chinese adolescents varied in parental migration status and rural–urban residency. Tailored youth development programs are needed for different groups of adolescents varying in positive character profiles.
Stock Splits Puzzle: An Additional Answer From Pre‐Split Earnings Announcements
Authors: Nguyen Hoang Huy , Nguyen Duong , Quach Hao Manh , Pham The Anh 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIf stock splits are used by managers to convey private information to the public, we hypothesize that the information content of splits should be related to the information managers reveal during quarterly earnings announcements. Supporting this hypothesis, we find that post‐split stock returns and operating earnings growth are positively correlated with the 5‐day returns around the last earnings announcement prior to the splits. This relationship holds even after controlling for different characteristics, including size, book‐to‐market, and momentum. These findings add new evidence to the rich literature on the signaling hypothesis regarding the motivation behind this corporate event.
Prediction the Occurrence of Thalassemia With Hematological Phenotype by Diagnosis of Abnormal HbA1c
Authors: Wan Yafang , Zhang Yu , Li Tian , Chen Shuyue , Niu Changchun 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe current investigation aims to analyze the occurrence of thalassemia in patients who participated in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) testing in clinical laboratory showing high hemoglobin F (HbF) level (≥ 1.5%) or abnormal Hb peak and predict the main influence factors by using different statistical models.MethodsThe current investigation is a single‐center retrospective cohort study. HbA1c concentration was detected by using TOSOH HLC‐723G8 glycated hemoglobin analyzer. SNaPshot SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) typing and AccuCopy technology were employed to detect mutations in thalassemia‐related pathogenic genes.ResultsA total of 126 patients endured high HbF levels or abnormal Hb peak during HbA1c detection, and 66.7% of subjects (n = 84) showed thalassemia mutations. Three heterozygosity mutations, including c.52A>T (p.K18*), c.‐78A>G, and c.126_129delCTTT(p.F42Lfs*19) present in HBB gene, were also identified. ‐‐SEA/αα mutation demonstrated the youngest ages (p < 0.001). 17 M (p < 0.001) and 41/42 M (p < 0.01) mutations with β‐thalassemia showed higher HbF levels compared with patients without thalassemia mutations. Except for ‐α3.7, mutations in thalassemia showed lower levels of mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) compared with patients without thalassemia mutations. Patients with thalassemia mutations showed younger age (p < 0.001), lower Hb (p < 0.001), MCV and MCH levels (p < 0.001), higher red blood cell (RBC) count (p < 0.001), and platelet distribution width (PDW) level (p = 0.007) than patients without thalassemia mutations. Three statistical models indicate MCV is the most valuable independent factor for predicting thalassemia and ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curves analysis of AUC (Area Under the Curve) of 0.855 (95% CI [0.787–0.923], p < 0.001) with MCV.ConclusionHigh HbF level (≥ 1.5%) or abnormal Hb peak present in HbA1c testing indicated high incident rate of thalassemia. MCV is the most valuable independent predicting factor for subjects having thalassemia.