bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher education curriculum for sustainability
Authors: Etse Daniel , Ingley Coral 
Published: February 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to determine the degree of attention to and the nature of sustainability issues in the curriculum of the Higher National Diploma (HND) Purchasing and Supply Management programme of Ghana.

Design/methodology/approach
– Documentary research is the approach used to analyse the curriculum document for the programme of study.

Findings
– Findings of this study reveal a low presence of sustainability in the curriculum, and most of the sustainability sub-topics address issues of social justice, while economic sustainability issues feature the least.

Practical implications
– Deliberate and greater efforts should be made to integrate sustainability in the curriculum; all three dimensions of sustainability need to be well represented in the teaching and learning experiences; and there should be training and sensitisation of all relevant stakeholders in issues of sustainability.

Originality/value
– This study provides an analysis of a higher education curriculum in terms of attention given to sustainability and the nature of sustainability issues addressed therein. It sets the research agenda for the study of curricula of other programmes for sustainability, as research literature on higher education curricula for sustainability in Africa, especially Ghana, is scarce (GUNi et al., 2011).
Distinctly un-American: subliminal advertising and the Cold War
Authors: Samuel Lawrence R 
Published: February 2016

Purpose
– This paper aims to describe the relationship between subliminal advertising and the Cold War to have a better understanding of the cultural dynamics of postwar America.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper is a review of primary and secondary materials from the period 1957-1958, primarily popular and trade periodicals that capture the events as they took place.

Findings
– Subliminal advertising both reflected and shaped fears grounded in the Cold War cultural climate, and reveal other key insights related to the postwar psyche.

Research limitations/implications
– Political ideology is readily apparent within consumer culture, a prime example of the insights to be gained by viewing American culture through an interdisciplinary lens.

Practical implications
– Advertisers can effectively tap into consumers’ deeply seated emotions, but should tread carefully lest they be accused of “mind control”.

Social implications
– Subliminal advertising represented a seminal moment in postwar American history by exposing the hyper-paranoia of the times.

Originality/value
– A blow-by-blow account of the subliminal advertising craze and its relationship to the Cold War represents a deep dive into one of the more fascinating sites of mid-century America.
Individual and contextual factors influencing engagement in learning activities after errors at work
Authors: Leicher Veronika , Mulder Regina H. 
Published: February 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this replication study is to identify relevant individual and contextual factors influencing learning from errors at work and to determine if the predictors for learning activities are the same for the domains of nursing and retail banking.

Design/methodology/approach
– A cross-sectional replication study was carried out in retail banking departments of a German bank. In a pre-study, interviews were conducted with experts (N = 4) of retail banking. The pre-study was necessary to develop vignettes describing authentic examples of error situations which were part of the questionnaire. The questionnaire was filled out by 178 employees.

Findings
– Results indicate that the estimation of an error as relevant for learning positively predicts bankers’ engagement in social learning activities. The tendency to cover up an error predicts bankers’ engagement negatively. There are also indirect effects of error strain and the perception of a safe social team climate on the engagement in social learning.

Originality/value
– This paper contributes to the generalization of results by transferring and testing a model of learning from errors in a domain different from the previous domains where this topic was investigated.
Workplace identity as a mediator in the relationship between learning climate and job satisfaction during apprenticeship
Authors: Cortini Michela 
Published: February 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper was to explore if and to what extent workplace identity can mediate the relationship between learning climate dimensions and job satisfaction in a group of apprentices.

Design/methodology/approach
– Data were gathered thanks to a non-profit organization devoted to vocational training. Participants (N = 87) were apprentices working in different job contexts in central Italy.

Findings
– Results showed that the relationship between learning climate and job satisfaction was mediated by workplace identity.

Originality/value
– To the author’s knowledge, this is the first attempt to evaluate the effect of learning climate and workplace identity on job satisfaction during apprenticeship.
Exploring the universal ecological responses to climate change in a univoltine butterfly
Authors: Fenberg Phillip B. , Self Angela , Stewart John R. , Wilson Rebecca J. , Brooks Stephen J. 
Published: February 2016

Summary

Animals with distinct life stages are often exposed to different temperatures during each stage. Thus, how temperature affects these life stages should be considered for broadly understanding the ecological consequences of climate warming on such species. For example, temperature variation during particular life stages may affect respective change in body size, phenology and geographic range, which have been identified as the “universal” ecological responses to climate change. While each of these responses has been separately documented across a number of species, it is not known whether each response occurs together within a species. The influence of temperature during particular life stages may help explain each of these ecological responses to climate change.

Our goal was to determine if monthly temperature variation during particular life stages of a butterfly species can predict respective changes in body size and phenology. We also refer to the literature to assess if temperature variability during the adult stage influences range change over time.

Using historical museum collections paired with monthly temperature records, we show that changes in body size and phenology of the univoltine butterfly, Hesperia comma, are partly dependent upon temporal variation in summer temperatures during key stages of their life cycle. June temperatures, which are likely to affect growth rate of the final larval instar, are important for predicting adult body size (for males only; showing a positive relationship with temperature). July temperatures, which are likely to influence the pupal stage, are important for predicting the timing of adult emergence (showing a negative relationship with temperature). Previous studies show that August temperatures, which act on the adult stage, are linked to range change.

Our study highlights the importance of considering temperature variation during each life stage over historic time‐scales for understanding intraspecific response to climate change. Range edge studies of ectothermic species that have annual life cycles, long time‐series occurrence data, and associated temperature records (ideally at monthly resolutions) could be useful model systems for intraspecific tests of the universal ecological responses to climate change and for exploring interactive effects.
Context‐dependent seed dispersal by a scatter‐hoarding corvid
Authors: Pesendorfer Mario B. , Sillett T. Scott , Morrison Scott A. , Kamil Alan C. 
Published: February 2016

Summary

Corvids (crows, jays, magpies and nutcrackers) are important dispersers of large‐seeded plants. Studies on captive or supplemented birds suggest that they flexibly adjust their scatter‐hoarding behaviour to the context of social dynamics and relative seed availability. Because many corvid‐dispersed trees show high annual variation in seed production, context‐dependent foraging can have strong effects on natural corvid scatter‐hoarding behaviour.
We investigated how seed availability and social dynamics affected scatter‐hoarding in the island scrub jays (Aphelocoma insularis). We quantified rates of scatter‐hoarding behaviour and territorial defence of 26 colour‐marked birds over a three‐year period with variable acorn crops.

We tested whether caching parameters were correlated with variation in annual seed production of oaks as predicted by the predator dispersal hypothesis, which states that caching rates and distances should vary with seed abundance in ways that benefit tree fitness. We also tested whether antagonistic interactions with conspecifics would affect scatter‐hoarding adversely, as found in experimental studies.

Caching behaviour varied with acorn availability. Caching distances correlated positively with annual acorn crop size, increasing by as much as 40% between years. Caching rates declined over time in years with small acorn crops, but increased when crops were large. Acorn foraging and caching rates were also negatively correlated with rates of territorial aggression. Overall foraging rates, however, were not associated with aggression, suggesting that reduced dispersal rates were not simply due to time constraints.

Our field results support laboratory findings that caching rates and distances by scatter‐hoarding corvids are context‐dependent. Furthermore, our results are consistent with predictions of the predator dispersal hypothesis and suggest that large seed crops and social interactions among scatter‐hoarders affect dispersal benefits for oaks and other masting tree species.
Volatile Retention and Morphological Properties of Microencapsulated Tributyrin Varied by Wall Material and Drying Method
Authors: Donovan Joseph D. , Cadwallader Keith R. , Lee Youngsoo 
Published: February 2016

AbstractButyric acid is an important short‐chain fatty acid for intestinal health and has been shown to improve certain intestinal disease states. A triglyceride containing 3 butyric acid esters, tributyrin (TB) can serve as a source of butyric acid; however, the need to target intestinal delivery and mitigate unpleasant sensory qualities has limited its use in food. Microencapsulation, the entrapment of one or more cores within a matrix, may provide a solution to the aforementioned challenge. This research primarily focused on the influence of (1) wall material: whey and soy protein isolate (WPI and SPI, respectively) and gamma‐cyclodextrin (GCD), (2) wall additives: inulin of varying chain length, and (3) processing method: spray or oven drying (SD or OD, respectively) on the morphological properties and volatile retention of TB within microcapsules. SPI‐based microcapsules retained significantly less (P < 0.001) TB compared to WPI‐based microcapsules as measured by gas chromatography. The inclusion of inulin in the SD WPI‐based microcapsules increased (P < 0.001) TB retention over WPI‐based microcapsules without inulin. Inulin inclusion into WPI‐based microcapsules resulted in a smoother, minimally‐dented, circular morphology as compared to noninulin containing WPI‐based microcapsules as shown by scanning electron microscopy. GCD and TB OD microcapsules retained more (P < 0.001) TB (94.5% ± 1.10%) than all other WPI, WPI‐inulin, and GCD TB SD microcapsules. When spray dried, the GCD‐based microcapsules exhibited (P < 0.001) TB retention than all other microcapsules, indicating the GCD may be unsuitable for spray drying. These findings demonstrate that microencapsulated TB in GCD can lead to minimal TB losses during processing that could be utilized in functional food applications for intestinal health.
Succession of lignocellulolytic bacterial consortia bred anaerobically from lake sediment
Authors: Korenblum Elisa , Jiménez Diego Javier , van Elsas Jan Dirk 
Published: February 2016

SummaryAnaerobic bacteria degrade lignocellulose in various anoxic and organically rich environments, often in a syntrophic process. Anaerobic enrichments of bacterial communities on a recalcitrant lignocellulose source were studied combining polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and culturing. Three consortia were constructed using the microbiota of lake sediment as the starting inoculum and untreated switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) (acid or heat) or treated (with either acid or heat) as the sole source of carbonaceous compounds. Additionally, nitrate was used in order to limit sulfate reduction and methanogenesis. Bacterial growth took place, as evidenced from 3 to 4 log unit increases in the 16S rRNA gene copy numbers as well as direct cell counts through three transfers on cleaned and reused substrate placed in fresh mineral medium. After 2 days, Aeromonas bestiarum‐like organisms dominated the enrichments, irrespective of the substrate type. One month later, each substrate revealed major enrichments of organisms affiliated with different species of Clostridium. Moreover, only the heat‐treated substrate selected Dysgonomonas capnocytophagoides‐affiliated bacteria (Bacteroidetes). Towards the end of the experiment, members of the Proteobacteria (Aeromonas, Rhizobium and/or Serratia) became dominant in all three types of substrates. A total of 160 strains was isolated from the enrichments. Most of the strains tested (78%) were able to grow anaerobically on carboxymethyl cellulose and xylan. The final consortia yield attractive biological tools for the depolymerization of recalcitrant lignocellulosic materials and are proposed for the production of precursors of biofuels.
Palestine, my love: The ethico‐politics of love and mourning in Jewish Israeli solidarity activism
Authors: WRIGHT FIONA 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTJewish Israeli left‐wing activists engage in a subversive affective politics when they express love for, and mourn the loss of, Palestinian life. But the affects of love and mourning also bind these solidarity activists to Israeli state violence and sovereignty in various ways, entangling them in the very forms of power they aim to challenge. Loving and mourning the Palestinian Other involves an ambivalent ethics in which the activist subject objectifies the Other, and this objectification is a kind of violence that emerges in the affective becomings of solidarity activism. Activist loving and mourning thus call into question the nature of solidarity and alert us to the difficulty of ethics as troubled relations enmeshed in the violence of politics. [love, mourning, solidarity, ethics, political subjectivity, activism, Israel/Palestine]
“I am a radioactive mutant”: Emergent biological subjectivities at Kazakhstan's Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site
Authors: STAWKOWSKI MAGDALENA E. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThe Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site in Kazakhstan was conceived as an experimental landscape where science, technology, Soviet Cold War militarism, and human biology intersected. As of 2015, thousands of people continue to live in rural communities in the immediate vicinity of this polluted landscape. Lacking good economic options, many of them claim to be “mutants” adapted to radiation, while outsiders see them as genetically tainted. In such a setting, how do post‐Soviet social, political, and economic transformations operate with radioactivity to co‐constitute a “mutant” subjectivity? Today, villagers think of themselves as biologically transformed but not disabled, showing that there is no uniform way of understanding the effects of radioactive pollution, including among scientists. [Kazakhstan, Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site, subjectivity, toxic environments, low‐dose radiation, nuclear testing]
Cholesterol: A necessary evil from a multiple sclerosis perspective
Authors: Chandra Avinash , Xu Yu Ming 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCholesterol and lipid are essential component of nerve cells. They are found in abundant quantities in the brain, with the largest pool of free cholesterol in the myelin sheath, a crucial component taking part in electrochemical conduction along the axons. However, disruption in cholesterol homeostasis becomes detrimental, as seen in multiple sclerosis (MS) at its various stages. MS is a complex disorder that is characterized by ongoing inflammatory, demyelinating and neurodegenerative processes. With an extensive literature search and critical review, we found that emerging epidemiological and molecular evidence suggests that cholesterol might have: (i) a causal relationship with MS; (ii) a positive association with the progression in disability in MS with an increase in cholesterol level; and (iii) an important role to play as a biomarker predicting MS disease course and the therapeutic response. The present review also highlights the possible therapeutic role of cholesterol and lipids in MS.
Contact radiotherapy boost in association with ‘watch and wait’ for rectal cancer: initial experience and outcomes from a shared programme between a district general hospital network and a regional oncology centre
Authors: Smith F. M. , Al‐Amin A. , Wright A. , Berry J. , Nicoll J. J. , Sun Myint A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimRecent data have highlighted the potential of more intensive neoadjuvant protocols to increase and sustain the rate of complete response in rectal cancer managed nonoperatively. This study aimed to review the outcome of all patients from our district general hospitals network who had received standard neoadjuvant therapy and were additionally referred to a centre of excellence for contact X‐ray brachytherapy or high‐dose‐rate brachytherapy boost.MethodA retrospective, chart‐based review of all patients co‐managed in this manner was performed. Patient details were retrieved from a prospectively maintained departmental database. Indications for treatment, patient outcome and serial data from follow‐up clinical and radiological assessment were analysed.ResultsSeventeen patients treated over a 6‐year period were identified. Median follow‐up was 20 (5–54) months. Fourteen patients were clinically staged as T2 or T3 and eight were clinically node positive. Three patients died, of whom only one was initially a surgical candidate but refused an exenteration. Of the 14 patients who remain alive, 11 (79%) have a sustained complete (n = 8) or partial (n = 3) response. Two patients had an incomplete response, one is being palliated and the other awaits salvage surgery. One patient underwent abdominoperineal excision for suspected local recurrence. Currently 13 (93%) surviving patients are stoma free.ConclusionsThis series shows that the addition of a radiotherapy boost offered sustained responses and stoma‐free survival even in advanced disease and adverse patient populations whilst providing the majority of care closer to home.
A randomized controlled trial of web‐based training to increase activity in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Mitchell Louise E , Ziviani Jenny , Boyd Roslyn N 
Published: February 2016

AimTo determine the efficacy of web‐based training on activity capacity and performance in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP).MethodIn a matched‐pairs randomized waitlist controlled trial, independently ambulant children and adolescents with unilateral CP were allocated to receive 30 minutes of training (intervention) 6 days per week, or usual care (waitlist control) for 20 weeks. Activity capacity was assessed using maximal repetitions of functional strength tasks and 6‐minute walk test (6MWT); performance using 4‐day ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer records at baseline and 20 weeks. Data were analysed by intention to treat comparing between groups using hierarchical linear modelling.ResultsParticipants were n=101, 52 males, mean age 11 years 3 months (SD 2y 4mo). Intervention participants completed a mean 32.4 hours (SD 17.2) of training, associated with significant improvements in functional strength (mean difference 19.3 repetitions; 95% confidence interval [CI] 10.8–27.7; p<0.001) and 6MWT distance (mean difference 38.9m; 95% CI 12.3–51.9; p<0.001) compared with the control group at 20 weeks, although not activity performance (p>0.05).InterpretationTraining was effective at increasing functional strength and walking endurance in independently ambulant children with unilateral CP. This did not translate into improvements in activity performance.
Off‐road vehicles affect nesting behaviour and reproductive success of American Oystercatchers Haematopus palliatus
Authors: Borneman Tracy E. , Rose Eli T. , Simons Theodore R. 
Published: February 2016

As human populations and associated development increase, interactions between humans and wildlife are occurring with greater frequency. The effects of these interactions, particularly on species whose populations are declining, are of great interest to ecologists, conservationists, land managers and natural resource policy‐makers. The American Oystercatcher Haematopus palliatus, a species of conservation concern in the USA, nests on coastal beaches subject to various forms of anthropogenic disturbance, including aircraft overflights, off‐road vehicles and pedestrians. This study assessed the effects of these human disturbances on the incubation behaviour and reproductive success of nesting American Oystercatchers at Cape Lookout National Seashore, on the Atlantic coast of the USA. We expanded on‐going monitoring of Oystercatchers at Cape Lookout National Seashore by supplementing periodic visual observations with continuous 24‐h video and audio recording at nests. Aircraft overflights were not associated with changes in Oystercatcher incubation behaviour, and we found no evidence that aircraft overflights influenced Oystercatcher reproductive success. However, Oystercatchers were on their nests significantly less often during off‐road vehicle and pedestrian events than they were during control periods before the events, and an increase in the number of off‐road vehicles passing a nest during incubation was consistently associated with significant reductions in daily nest survival (6% decrease in daily nest survival for a one‐vehicle increase in the average number of vehicles passing a nest each day; odds ratio = 0.94; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.90, 0.98) and hatching success (12% decrease in hatching success for a one‐vehicle increase in the average number of vehicles passing a nest each day; odds ratio = 0.88; 95% CI 0.76, 0.97). Management of vehicles and pedestrians in areas of Oystercatcher breeding is important for the conservation of American Oystercatchers.
Innate immunity in vertebrates: an overview
Authors: Riera Romo Mario , Pérez‐Martínez Dayana , Castillo Ferrer Camila 
Published: February 2016

SummaryInnate immunity is a semi‐specific and widely distributed form of immunity, which represents the first line of defence against pathogens. This type of immunity is critical to maintain homeostasis and prevent microbe invasion, eliminating a great variety of pathogens and contributing with the activation of the adaptive immune response. The components of innate immunity include physical and chemical barriers, humoral and cell‐mediated components, which are present in all jawed vertebrates. The understanding of innate defence mechanisms in non‐mammalian vertebrates is the key to comprehend the general picture of vertebrate innate immunity and its evolutionary history. This is also essential for the identification of new molecules with applications in immunopharmacology and immunotherapy. In this review, we describe and discuss the main elements of vertebrate innate immunity, presenting core findings in this field and identifying areas that need further investigation.