bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Experimental and Computational Analysis of Water Condensation Separator Within a Charge Air Cooler
Authors: Choi Jeongyong , Satpathy Sridev , Hoard John , Styles Daniel , Kuan Chih-Kuang 
Published: November 2017

In recent years, many engine manufacturers have turned to downsizing and boosting of gasoline engines in order to meet the ever more stringent fuel economy and emissions regulations. With an increase in the number of turbocharged gasoline engines, solutions are required to manage knock under a range of operating conditions. The charge air cooler has been introduced to mitigate knock. Moreover, the engine is required to operate with spark retard and/or boost reduction to provide knock reduction leading to reduced fuel economy.
Under some operating conditions water can condense in the charge air cooler (CAC). Corrugated plate separators have been widely used in gas-water separation and oil-water separation in many industries including marine diesel engines. However, this sort of separator has not been applied to gasoline engines in vehicles to separate the condensation in the charged air. In this paper, a 1-D condensation model to estimate the potential amount of water condensation and entrainment from the charge air coolers is presented. An approach to designing a unit to separate condensation in the flow from the charge air cooler while maintaining a low pressure drop is described. The design approach provides correlations of separator geometries versus separation and pressure drop performance. The study is developed using a 3-D computational model for analyzing charge air and condensation flow. The model results of the 1-D condensation model and the 3-D computational model have been validated by experiments on an engine-dynamometer based test cell. The set-up incorporates a 4 cylinder gasoline direct injection (GDI) turbocharged engine. An air-to-air charge air cooler is mounted under the engine. The intake air for the engine is supplied using a combustion air unit which enables the operators to control the temperature and humidity.
Test conditions have been identified to demonstrate the phenomenon of CAC water condensation. Measurements of water condensation and motion through the system confirm the results of models. A separator has been designed that achieves high separation efficiency and low pressure drop.
National Trends in Admission and In‐Hospital Mortality of Patients With Heart Failure in the United States (2001–2014)
Authors: Akintoye Emmanuel , Briasoulis Alexandros , Egbe Alexander , Dunlay Shannon M. , Kushwaha Sudhir , Levine Diane , Afonso Luis , Mozaffarian Dariush , Weinberger Jarrett 
Published: November 2017

Background

To investigate heart failure (
HF
) hospitalization trends in the United States and change in trends after publication of management guidelines.

Methods and Results

Using data from the National Inpatient Sample and the US Census Bureau, annual national estimates in
HF
admissions and in‐hospital mortality were estimated for years 2001 to 2014, during which an estimated 57.4 million
HF
‐associated admissions occurred. Rates (95% confidence intervals) of admissions and in‐hospital mortality among primary
HF
hospitalizations declined by an average annual rate of 3% (2.5%–3.5%) and 3.5% (2.9%–4.0%), respectively. Compared with 2001 to 2005, the average annual rate of decline in primary
HF
admissions was more in 2006 to 2009 (ie, 3.4% versus 1.1%;
P
=0.02). In 2010 to 2014, primary
HF
admission continued to decline by an average annual rate of 4.3% (95% confidence interval, 3.9%–5.1%), but this was not significantly different from 2006 to 2009 (
P
=0.14). In contrast, there was no further decline in in‐hospital mortality trend after the guideline‐release years. For hospitalizations with
HF
as the secondary diagnosis, there was an upward trend in admissions in 2001 to 2005. However, the trend began to decline in 2006 to 2009, with an average annual rate of 2.4% (95% confidence interval, 0.8%–4%). Meanwhile, there was a consistent decline in in‐hospital mortality by an average annual rate of 3.7% (95% confidence interval, 3.3%–4.2%) during the study period, but the decline was more in 2006 to 2009 compared with 2001 to 2005 (ie, 5.4% versus 3.4%;
P
<0.001). Beyond 2009, admission and in‐hospital mortality rates continued to decline, although this was not significantly better than the preceding interval.

Conclusions

From 2001 to 2014,
HF
admission and in‐hospital mortality rates declined significantly in the United States; the greatest improvements coincided with the publication of the 2005 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association
HF
guidelines.
Rezension: Practical Mysticism in Islam and Christianity. A comparative study of Jalal al-Din Rumi and Meister Eckhart (Saeed Zarrabi-Zadeh)
Authors: Achtner Wolfgang 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Mystik gilt im interreligiösen Dialog als diejenige Dimension von Religion, die gemäß dem Essentialismus den gemeinsamen Kern der Religionen darstellt. In Unterschied dazu vertritt der Kontextualismus die These, dass Mystik nur in spezifischen religiösen Kontexten entsteht und so seine unverwechselbare Eigenheit erhält. Saeed Zarrabi-Zadeh vergleicht in seiner Arbeit Meister Eckhart und Rumi methodisch so miteinander, dass er die jeweiligen Stärken des Essentialismus und des Kontextualismus nutzt und ihre Schwächen vermeidet. Auf der Grundlage dieses methodischen Neuansatzes und eines weitgefassten Mystikbegriffs, der Ethik, Praxis, Spekulation und Dogmatik umfasst, kommt er zu neuen Differenzierungen im religionsphänomenologischen Vergleich und legt zugleich erhebliche Differenzen im theologischen Deutehorizont der jeweiligen Mystiker offen. Darüberhinaus arbeitet er mit seiner Interpretation der
ÖPP – Eine vorteilhafte Beschaffungsvariante für die künftige Infrastrukturgesellschaft
Authors: Sieg Gernot , Wigger Berthold U. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract:
Whether or not the government will be able to set the right incentives for the newly founded Infrastrukturgesellschaft (Infrastructure Company), especially for minimizing life cycle costs, remains an open question. During the first few years, human resources that are inevitably tied up in establishing the company are then not available for the management of road works. Beneficial highway projects should not be excluded through a debt limit, but realized by means of Public Private Partnerships. Therefore, even though the Infrastrukturgesellschaft may ultimately improve its ability to build efficient highways in Germany, in the meantime, especially large projects should be achieved through Public Private Partnerships.
Radial Head Fractures
Authors: Jordan Robert W. , Jones Alistair DR. 
Published: November 2017

Background:Radial head fractures are common elbow injuries in adults and are frequently associated with additional soft tissue and bone injuries.Methods:A literature search was performed and the authors’ personal experiences are reported.Results:Mason type I fractures are treated non-operatively with splinting and early mobilisation. The management of Mason type II injuries is less clear with evidence supporting both non-operative treatment and internal fixation. The degree of intra-articular displacement and angulation acceptable for non-operative management has yet to be conclusively defined. Similarly the treatment of type III and IV fractures remain controversial. Traditional radial head excision is associated with valgus instability and should be considered only for patients with low functional demands. Comparative studies have shown improved results from internal fixation over excision. Internal fixation should only be attempted when anatomic reduction and initiation of early motion can be achieved. Authors have reported that results from fixation are poorer and complication rates are higher if more than three fragments are present. Radial head arthroplasty aims to reconstruct the native head and is indicated when internal fixation is not feasible and in the presence of complex elbow injuries. Overstuffing of the radiocapitellar joint is a frequent technical fault and has significant adverse effects on elbow biomechanics. Modular design improves the surgeon’s ability to reconstruct the native joint. Two randomised controlled trials have shown improved clinical outcomes and lower complication rate following arthroplasty when compared to internal fixation.Conclusion:We have presented details regarding the treatment of various types of radial head fractures - further evidence, however, is still required to provide clarity over the role of these different management strategies.
Teaching English through the Earliest Language Fragment to Students at Islamic High School Miftahul Islah Tembelok Sandubaya District-Mataram
Authors: Sribagus - , Sahuddin - , Nurtaat Lalu 
Published: November 2017

Teaching and learning English at all levels of education under Diknas or Depag is still a serious problem. English at the traditional Islamic schools (Madrasah Miftahul Islah Tembelok, in particular) still gives a negative impression, threatening, frightening, boring, difficult, and decreasing learning motivation. So many efforts have been made to increase the professionalism of the teacher/Ustaz such as in-service training, workshop, but show no significant result. This article offers an alternative way out. Successful teaching and learning foreign language should begin from the earliest fragment of language: acquiring vocabularies.
Ecocracy: Ecology based Democracy Pursuing Local Goals of Sustainable Development in Indonesia
Authors: Prasetyanti Retnayu 
Published: November 2017

This paper analyses the need for ecology based democracy to achieve sustainability in local development. Research results indicate that the development of democracy as it was mandated in the Green Constitution has directed the implementation of the Local Sustainable Development Goals using Ecocracy principles. The new trend of Open Local Government and Green Economy by strengthening the strategies of gender development and Ecoregion has recognized the sovereignty of the environment in local development. A qualitative CATWOE analysis concludes that in the context of local sustainable development, the ideas of Ecofeminism and Ecoregion practically take into consideration local factors which are unique and different due to the nature of diversity. Consequently, the key principle of Ecocracy must be enhanced comprehensively through enhanced participation, transparency, law enforcement, sustainability, local wisdom (socio-culture), equality (gender), accountability, efficiency and effectiveness, and welfare.
Solar Wind Plasma Interaction with Asteroid 16 Psyche: Implication for Formation Theories
Authors: Fatemi Shahab , Poppe Andrew R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe asteroid 16 Psyche is a primitive metal‐rich asteroid that has not yet been visited by spacecraft. Based on remote observations, Psyche is most likely composed of iron and nickel metal; however, the history of its formation and solidification is still unknown. If Psyche is a remnant core of a differentiated planetesimal exposed by collisions, it opens a unique window toward understanding the cores of the terrestrial bodies, including the Earth and Mercury. If not, it is perhaps a reaccreted rubble pile that has never melted. In the former case, Psyche may have a remanent, dipolar magnetic field; in the latter case, Psyche may have no intrinsic field, but nevertheless would be a conductive object in the solar wind. We use Advanced Modeling Infrastructure in Space Simulation (AMITIS), a three‐dimensional GPU‐based hybrid model of plasma that self‐consistently couples the interior electromagnetic response of Psyche (i.e., magnetic diffusion) to its ambient plasma environment in order to quantify the different interactions under these two cases. The model results provide estimates for the electromagnetic environment of Psyche, showing that the magnetized case and the conductive case present very different signatures in the solar wind. These results have implications for an accurate interpretation of magnetic field observations by NASA's Discovery mission (Psyche mission) to the asteroid 16 Psyche.
The changing landscape of surgery for Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Lozano Christopher S. , Tam Joseph , Lozano Andres M. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTNeurosurgical interventions have been used to treat PD for over a century. We examined the changing landscape of surgery for PD to appraise the value of various procedures in the context of advances in our understanding and technology. We assessed the number of articles published on neurosurgical procedures for PD over time as an albeit imprecise surrogate for their usage level. We identified over 8,000 publications associated with PD surgery. Over half the publications were on DBS. The field of DBS for PD showed a rapid rise in articles, but is now in a steady state. Thalamotomy and, to a lesser extent, pallidotomy follow a biphasic publication distribution with peaks approximately 30 years apart. Articles on gene therapy and transplantation experienced initial rapid rises and significant recent declines. Procedures using novel technologies, including gamma knife and focused ultrasound, are emerging, but are yet to have significant impact as measured by publication numbers. Pallidotomy and thalamotomy are prominent examples of procedures that were popular, declined, and re‐emerged and redeclined. Transplantation and gene therapy have never broken into clinical practice. DBS overtook all procedures as the dominant surgical intervention and drove widespread use of surgery for PD. Notwithstanding, the number of DBS articles appears to have plateaued. As advances continue, emerging treatments may compete with DBS in the future. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Intake of dietary fat and fat subtypes and risk of premenstrual syndrome in the Nurses’ Health Study II
Authors: Houghton Serena C. , Manson JoAnn E. , Whitcomb Brian W. , Hankinson Susan E. , Troy Lisa M. , Bigelow Carol , Bertone-Johnson Elizabeth R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractApproximately 8–20 % of reproductive-aged women experience premenstrual syndrome (PMS), substantially impacting quality of life. Women with PMS are encouraged to reduce fat intake to alleviate symptoms; however, its role in PMS development is unclear. We evaluated the association between dietary fat intake and PMS development among a subset of the prospective Nurses’ Health Study II cohort. We compared 1257 women reporting clinician-diagnosed PMS, confirmed by premenstrual symptom questionnaire and 2463 matched controls with no or minimal premenstrual symptoms. Intakes of total fat, subtypes and fatty acids were assessed via FFQ. After adjustment for age, BMI, smoking, Ca and other factors, intakes of total fat, MUFA, PUFA and trans-fat measured 2–4 years before were not associated with PMS. High SFA intake was associated with lower PMS risk (relative risk (RR) quintile 5 (median=28·1 g/d) v. quintile 1 (median=15·1 g/d)=0·75; 95 % CI 0·58, 0·98; Ptrend=0·07). This association was largely attributable to stearic acid intake, with women in the highest quintile (median=7·4 g/d) having a RR of 0·75 v. those with the lowest intake (median=3·7 g/d) (95 % CI 0·57, 0·97; Ptrend=0·03). Individual PUFA and MUFA, including n-3 fatty acids, were not associated with risk. Overall, fat intake was not associated with higher PMS risk. High intake of stearic acid may be associated with a lower risk of developing PMS. Additional prospective research is needed to confirm this finding.
The potential therapeutic effect of melatonin on human ovarian cancer by inhibition of invasion and migration of cancer stem cells
Authors: Akbarzadeh Maryam , Movassaghpour Ali Akbar , Ghanbari Hossein , Kheirandish Maryam , Fathi Maroufi Nazila , Rahbarghazi Reza , Nouri Mohammad , Samadi Nasser 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThere is an urgent need to identify targeting molecules to control invasion and metastasis in cancer patients. We first isolated cancer stem cells (CSCs) from SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells and then investigated the role of melatonin in invasiveness and migration of CSCs compared to SKOV3 cells. The proportion of CSCs in SKOV3 cells was as low as 1.28% with overexpression of both CD133 and CD44. The ability of spheroid formation along with SOX2 overexpression revealed a high self-renewal potential in isolated cells. Melatonin (3.4 mM) inhibited proliferation of CSCs by 23% which was confirmed by a marked decrease in protein expression of Ki67, as a proliferation marker. Applying luzindole, a melatonin receptor 1, 2 inhibitor, partially abolished anti-proliferative effect of melatonin. Melatonin also decreased Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) related gene expressions including ZEB1, ZEB2, snail and vimentin with increase in E-cadherin as a negative EMT regulator. Incubation of CSCs with melatonin showed a marked decrease in matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) expression and activity. Melatonin also inhibited CSCs migration in a partially receptor dependent and PI3k and MAPK independent manner. Melatonin can be considered as an important adjuvant to control invasion and metastasis especially in patients with high melatonin receptor expression.
Clostridium-difficile-Infektionen: Epidemiologie, Klinik, Therapieoptionen und Prävention
Authors: Kaffarnik Magnus , Isner Caroline , Hamsen Uwe 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungClostridium-difficile-Infektionen (CDI) gehören zu den häufigsten Ursachen einer Diarrhö bei hospitalisierten internistischen und chirurgischen Patienten. Das klinische Bild reicht von milden Durchfällen bis hin zu einer pseudomembranösen Enterokolitis des Dick- und sehr selten auch des Dünndarms mit Ausbildung eines toxischen Megakolons. Auch rezidivierende Infektionen sind nicht selten. Aufgrund der signifikanten Morbiditäts- und Mortalitätsrate der CDI steht eine frühe Diagnose der Erkrankung im Vordergrund. Es ist wichtig, die Risikofaktoren für eine CDI zu kennen. Um Komplikationen zu vermeiden, muss eine Therapie frühzeitig eingeleitet werden. Die klassische konservative Therapie ist die Gabe von Antibiotika. In Entwicklung befinden sich monoklonale Antikörper und eine Clostridium-difficile-Vakzine. Bei fulminanten, septischen Verläufen ist häufig eine operative Fokussanierung indiziert. Durch minimalinvasive Operationstechniken sollte die Möglichkeit einer frühzeitigen operativen Therapie mittels doppelläufigem Ileostoma und antibiotischen Einläufen erwogen werden. Eine neue Therapiestrategie bei Infektrezidiven ist die Stuhlübertragung. Präventions- und Kontrollmaßnahmen sind wichtig, um eine Verbreitung des Erregers zu vermeiden. Dazu gehören die Isolierung von Clostridium-difficile-Patienten, die Personalisierung von Instrumenten, die Begrenzung von Patiententransporten auf notwendige Fälle, Tragen von Einmalkitteln und -handschuhen, die strenge Einhaltung der Handhygiene und das Antibiotic Stewardship (ABS).
RBC Transfusions Are Associated With Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation in Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome*
Authors: Zubrow Michael E. , Thomas Neal J. , Friedman David F. , Yehya Nadir 
Published: November 2017

Objectives:
Blood products are often transfused in critically ill children, although recent studies have recognized their potential for harm. Translatability to pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome is unknown given that hypoxemia has excluded pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome patients from clinical trials. We aimed to determine whether an association exists between blood product transfusion and survival or duration of ventilation in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Design:
Retrospective analysis of prospectively enrolled cohort.

Setting:
Large, academic PICU.

Patients:
Invasively ventilated children meeting Berlin Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome criteria from 2011 to 2015.

Interventions:
We recorded transfusion of RBC, fresh frozen plasma, and platelets within the first 3 days of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome onset. Each product was tested for independent association with survival (Cox) and duration of mechanical ventilation (competing risk regression with extubation as primary outcome and death as competing risk). A sensitivity analysis using 1:1 propensity matching was also performed.

Measurements and Main Results:
Of 357 pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome patients, 155 (43%) received RBC, 82 (23%) received fresh frozen plasma, and 92 (26%) received platelets. Patients who received RBC, fresh frozen plasma, or platelets had higher severity of illness score, lower Pao
2/Fio
2, and were more often immunocompromised (all p < 0.05). Patients who received RBC, fresh frozen plasma, or platelets had worse survival and longer duration of ventilation by univariate analysis (all p < 0.05). After multivariate adjustment for above confounders, no blood product was associated with survival. After adjustment for the same confounders, RBC were associated with decreased probability of extubation (subdistribution hazard ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.51–0.83). The association between RBC and prolonged ventilation was confirmed in propensity-matched subgroup analysis.

Conclusions:
RBC transfusion was independently associated with longer duration of mechanical ventilation in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome. Hemoglobin transfusion thresholds should be tested specifically within pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome to establish whether a more restrictive transfusion strategy would improve outcomes.
Heat Shock Factor 1 Inhibits the Expression of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 in Cerulein-Induced Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Wang Guiliang , Xiao Gui , Liu Hai , Chen Guangwen , Wang Xiaoli , Wen Ping , Li Ting , Wen Jianbo , Xiao Xianzhong 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Background:
Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), an important transcriptional molecule in the heat shock process, can regulate the expression of a lot of inflammatory mediators in addition to heat shock proteins. This study evaluated the inhibitive function of HSF1 on the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 in cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis.

Methods:
After HSF1+/+ mice, HSF1−/− mice, and AR42J cells were treated with cerulein, histopathological score, expression of SOCS3 mRNA, and protein levels were analyzed by using RT-PCR, quantitative real-time RT-PCR, and western blotting, respectively. DNA binding and transcription activity of HSF1 to the SOCS3 promoter were detected by chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays.

Results:
The histopathological scores of the pancreas decreased significantly in the cerulein-induced HSF1+/+ mice compared with the cerulein-induced HSF1−/− mice. SOCS3 mRNA and protein level decreased in the pancreas of the unstimulated HSF1−/− and HSF1+/+ mice, whereas increased in the pancreas of the cerulein-induced HSF1−/− and HSF1+/+ mice, with higher in the pancreas of cerulein-induced HSF1−/−mice. In the pcDNA3.1-transfected AR42J cells, SOCS3 protein decreased and was upregulated after the cerulein stimulation, whereas HSF1 overexpression inhibited the upregulation. In the scramble-transfected AR42J cells, SOCS3 protein decreased and was upregulated after the cerulein stimulation, whereas HSF1-RNAi further promoted the upregulation. EMSA and chromatin immunoprecipition showed that HSF1 could directly bind to SOCS3 promoter region. Reporter assays showed that HSF1 could inhibit the transcriptional activity on SOCS3 promoter.

Conclusions:
HSF1 can protect AR42J cells from cerulein-induced pancreatitis through inhibiting the expression of SOCS3.