bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An outer membrane porin-lipoprotein complex modulates elongasome movement to establish cell curvature in Rhodospirillum rubrum
Authors: Pöhl Sebastian , Giacomelli Giacomo , Meyer Fabian M. , Kleeberg Volker , Cohen Eli J. , Biboy Jacob , Rosum Julia , Glatter Timo , Vollmer Waldemar , van Teeseling Muriel C. F. , Heider Johann , Bramkamp Marc , Thanbichler Martin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCurved cell shapes are widespread among bacteria and important for cellular motility, virulence and fitness. However, the underlying morphogenetic mechanisms are still incompletely understood. Here, we identify an outer-membrane protein complex that promotes cell curvature in the photosynthetic species Rhodospirillum rubrum. We show that the R. rubrum porins Por39 and Por41 form a helical ribbon-like structure at the outer curve of the cell that recruits the peptidoglycan-binding lipoprotein PapS, with PapS inactivation, porin delocalization or disruption of the porin-PapS interface resulting in cell straightening. We further demonstrate that porin-PapS assemblies act as molecular cages that entrap the cell elongation machinery, thus biasing cell growth towards the outer curve. These findings reveal a mechanistically distinct morphogenetic module mediating bacterial cell shape. Moreover, they uncover an unprecedented role of outer-membrane protein patterning in the spatial control of intracellular processes, adding an important facet to the repertoire of regulatory mechanisms in bacterial cell biology.
Human detection of political speech deepfakes across transcripts, audio, and video
Authors: Groh Matthew , Sankaranarayanan Aruna , Singh Nikhil , Kim Dong Young , Lippman Andrew , Picard Rosalind 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRecent advances in technology for hyper-realistic visual and audio effects provoke the concern that deepfake videos of political speeches will soon be indistinguishable from authentic video. We conduct 5 pre-registered randomized experiments with N = 2215 participants to evaluate how accurately humans distinguish real political speeches from fabrications across base rates of misinformation, audio sources, question framings with and without priming, and media modalities. We do not find base rates of misinformation have statistically significant effects on discernment. We find deepfakes with audio produced by the state-of-the-art text-to-speech algorithms are harder to discern than the same deepfakes with voice actor audio. Moreover across all experiments and question framings, we find audio and visual information enables more accurate discernment than text alone: human discernment relies more on how something is said, the audio-visual cues, than what is said, the speech content.
The origin of interplanetary switchbacks in reconnection at chromospheric network boundaries
Authors: Hou Chuanpeng , He Jiansen , Duan Die , Wu Ziqi , Chen Yajie , Verscharen Daniel , Rouillard Alexis P. , Li Huichao , Yang Liping , Bale Stuart D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThere is renewed interest in heliospheric physics following the recent exploration of the pristine solar wind by the Parker Solar Probe. Magnetic switchback structures are frequently observed in the inner heliosphere, but there are open questions about their origin. Many researchers are investigating the statistical properties of switchbacks and their relationships with wave modes, stream types and solar activity, but the sources of switchbacks remain elusive. Here we report that interplanetary switchbacks originate from magnetic reconnection on the Sun that occurs at chromospheric network boundaries and launch solar jet flows. We link in situ interplanetary measurements and remote-sensing solar observations to establish a connection between interplanetary switchbacks and their solar source region, featuring solar jets, chromospheric network boundaries and photospheric magnetic field evolution. Our findings suggest that joint observations of switchbacks and solar jets provide a better estimate of the contribution of magnetic reconnection to coronal heating and solar wind acceleration.
Aggregation behavior of newly synthesized Gemini cationic surfactants in absence and in presence of different inorganic salts in 15% DMSO–water solvent
Authors: El-Dossoki Farid I. , Migahed Mohamed A. , Gouda Mahmoud M. , El-Maksoud Samir Abd El Hady Abd 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this study, three Gemini cationic surfactants related to thiazol-2-amine with three hydrocarbon chain lengths including 3-hexylthiazol-3-ium (TAC6), 3-dodecylthiazol-3-ium (TAC12) and octadecylthiazol3-ium (TAC18) were prepared. Surfactant structures were confirmed with IR and 1HNMR Spectroscopies. Critical micelle concentrations for all surfactants in 15% DMSO-Water solvent were measured using conductometric, refractometric, and densitometric techniques. Thermodynamics parameters were computed and explained. Also, enhancing properties of all surfactants were indicated under the effect of two concentrations, 0.001 M and 0.01 M, of six inorganic salts including Cl−, Br−, I−, Co+2, Cu+2, and Mn+2 radicals using conductivity and refractive index measurements. All techniques used to measure critical micelles concentration showed a good convergence in measuring CMC values and the behavior of all surfactants in 15% DMSO-water solvent. Increasing the binding constant of the counter ion and association constant reflects the effect of hydrocarbon chain length increment on enhancing micelle formation, where TAC 18 was shown as the lowest CMC in all applied measurements. Modeling the density of all surfactant solutions under study indicates an increase in hydrophobic polarizability with an increase in the molecular weight of the surfactant. Inorganic salts decreased the CMC of all surfactants with the increase in Gibbs free energy of micellization which ensures easier formation of more stable micelles in the presence of a salt solution. The effect of salts on decreasing CMC for all surfactants under study was arranged in the following order: Mn+2 < Cu+2 < Co+2 for cationic radicals and I− < Br− < Cl− for anionic radicals.
Clinical and prognostic significance of follicular helper and regulatory T cells in bladder cancer draining lymph nodes
Authors: Mansourabadi Zahra , Ariafar Ali , Chenari Nooshafarin , Hakimellahi Hossein , Vahidi Yasmin , Faghih Zahra 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFollicular helper and regulatory T cells (Tfh/TFR) cells are distinct subsets of CD4+ cells that have been recognized for their critical role in regulating cellular reactions within the germinal centers of lymphoid follicles. In the present study, we aimed to determine the presence and the frequency of these cells in draining lymph nodes of patients with bladder cancer (BC). Forty-six patients with BC who had undergone radical cystectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection were enrolled. Following routine pathological examination, a portion of the dissected lymph nodes was minced to obtain a single-cell suspension. Mononuclear cells were then separated using Ficoll-Hypaque gradient centrifugation, and the samples with proper viability (> 95%) were subjected to further analysis. To phenotype the follicular subsets, cells were stained with appropriate fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies specific for CD4, CXCR5, BCL6, and FOXP3. The cells were then acquired on a four-color flow cytometer. The data were analyzed with the FlowJo software version 10.8.1 package. Our analysis indicated that, on average 37.89 ± 16.36% of CD4+ lymphocytes in draining lymph nodes of patients with BC expressed CXCR5. The majority of them were negative for FOXP3, representing helper subsets (28.73 ± 13.66). A small percent simultaneously expressed BCL6 transcription factor (1.65% ± 1.35), designated as Tfh (CD4+BCL6+CXCR5+FOXP3-). While less than 10% of CD4+ lymphocytes expressed CXCR5 and FOXP3, 1.78 ± 2.54 were also positive for BCL6, known as TFR. Statistical analysis revealed that the frequency of both Tfh and TFR cells was higher in draining lymph nodes of patients with tumor-infiltrated nodes (P = 0.035 and P = 0.079, respectively) compared to those with negative ones. The percentage of these cells was also higher in high-grade tumors compared to low-grade ones (P = 0.031 for both). Our data collectively indicated that however approximately one third of CD4+ lymphocytes expressed CXCR5 and accordingly had the capacity to enter the follicles, less than 2% of them represented Tfh and TFR phenotypes. The percentage of these cells increased in progressed tumors and showed an association with negative prognostic factors.
Dynamics of bio-based carbon dioxide removal in Germany
Authors: Wollnik Ronja , Borchers Malgorzata , Seibert Ruben , Abel Susanne , Herrmann Pierre , Elsasser Peter , Hildebrandt Jakob , Meisel Kathleen , Hofmann Pia , Radtke Kai , Selig Marco , Kazmin Stanislav , Szarka Nora , Thrän Daniela 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBio-based carbon dioxide removal encompasses a range of (1) natural sink enhancement concepts in agriculture and on organic soils including peatlands, and in forestry, (2) bio-based building materials, and (3) bioenergy production with CO2 capture and storage (BECCS). A common database on these concepts is crucial for their consideration in strategies and implementation. In this study, we analyse standardised factsheets on these concepts. We find different dynamics of deployment until 2045: for CO2 removal rates from the atmosphere, natural sink enhancement concepts are characterised by gradually increasing rates, followed by a saturation and potentially a decrease after few decades; forest-related measures ramp up slowly and for construction projects and bioenergy plants, annually constant removal rates are assumed during operation which drop to zero afterwards. The expenses for removing 1 t CO2 from the atmosphere were found to be between 8 and 520 € t CO2−1, which arises from high divergence both in capital and operational expenditures among the concepts. This high variability of expenses seems to suggest the more cost-effective concepts should be implemented first. However, aspects from economics, resource base and environmental impacts to social and political implications for Germany need to be considered for developing implementation strategies. All concepts investigated could be deployed on scales to significantly contribute to the German climate neutrality target.
Unveiling ophiuroid biodiversity across North Atlantic habitats via an integrative perspective
Authors: Schmidt Lydia Anastasia , Brix Saskia , Rossel Sven , Forster Stefan , Eichsteller Angelina 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe depths of the North Atlantic Ocean host a species-rich fauna providing heterogeneous habitats from thermal vent fields to cold-water coral reefs. With the increasing threat of destruction of deep-sea habitats due to human impacts, such as demersal fishing and the beginning of deep-sea mining, an analysis of the diversity and distribution of species is crucial for conservation efforts. Brittle stars occur in high biomasses, contributing to the biodiversity of the seafloor. Specimens were collected during several scientific expeditions to gain a more detailed insight into the brittle star diversity in the North Atlantic Ocean. An integrative approach to identify the species with DNA barcoding (mtCOI) in combination with morphological studies revealed 24 species. Most species have been previously identified in the North Atlantic, but sequences for 13 species are newly added to public repositories. Additionally, the MALDI-TOF-MS proteomic analysis was successfully applied for 197 specimens with known COI barcodes. Results are congruent with other molecular species delimitations demonstrating the functionality of proteomics for the identification of brittle stars. This dataset significantly expands our understanding of the taxonomic and genetic diversity of brittle stars and contributes to publicly available data. It emphasizes the importance of considering habitat heterogeneity for large scale patterns of biodiversity.
Feature-aware ultra-low dimensional reduction of real networks
Authors: Jankowski Robert , Hozhabrierdi Pegah , Boguñá Marián , Serrano M. Ángeles 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn existing models and embedding methods of networked systems, node features describing their qualities are usually overlooked in favor of focusing solely on node connectivity. This study introduces FiD-Mercator, a model-based ultra-low dimensional reduction technique that integrates node features with network structure to create D-dimensional maps of complex networks in a hyperbolic space. This embedding method efficiently uses features as an initial condition, guiding the search of nodes’ coordinates toward an optimal solution. The research reveals that downstream task performance improves with the correlation between network connectivity and features, emphasizing the importance of such correlation for enhancing the description and predictability of real networks. Simultaneously, hyperbolic embedding’s ability to reproduce local network properties remains unaffected by the inclusion of features. The findings highlight the necessity for developing network embedding techniques capable of exploiting such correlations to optimize both network structure and feature association jointly in the future.
Engineering advanced cellulosics for enhanced triboelectric performance using biomanufactured proteins
Authors: Singhal Khushank , Boy Ramiz , Abdullah Abu Musa , Mazeed Tarek , Demirel Melik C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBiological polymers, such as polysaccharides and polypeptides, offer renewable and biodegradable solutions for a more sustainable future. These polymers comprise natural building blocks, such as amino acids and glycans, which ensure their true environmental benefits at the end of their lifecycle. For example, cellulose is a highly sustainable material with many excellent properties, including renewability, biodegradability, and versatility in its functionality. It can be used in various forms, such as textiles, packaging materials, and building insulation. Here, we studied advanced cellulosic materials produced by blending or creating bi-composites with biomanufactured proteins inspired by squid ring teeth (SRT). Biomanufactured proteins can be synthesized in larger quantities, have a controlled production process, be modified to create desirable variants, and their production can be scaled up or down. Specifically, we engineered recombinant SRT proteins to have high electrostatic charge, induce crystallinity, and provide polar hydroxyl groups, which enhances cellulosic materials’ triboelectric response. The triboelectric voltage of blend triacetate and cellulose fibers increased by 72–108% and 49–57%, respectively, with a protein content of 10% wt. Furthermore, coating proteins on cellulosic fibers to create bi-composite fibers is a highly effective method for doubling (200%) the triboelectric performance. This finding has important implications for developing sustainable triboelectric materials and producing advanced materials using biomanufacturing.
Resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection in camelid nasal organoids is associated with lack of ACE2 expression
Authors: Breugem Tim I. , Riesebosch Samra , Schipper Debby , Mykytyn Anna Z. , van den Doel Petra , Segalés Joaquim , Lamers Mart M. , Haagmans Bart L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects a variety of animal species. Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 is primarily determined by the utilization of the viral receptor, ACE2. SARS-CoV-2 can utilize a broad range of animal ACE2 isoforms in vitro, including the ACE2 from various camelid species. However, experimental infection of these animals does not lead to productive infection or seroconversion. In this study, we investigate the susceptibility of camelids to SARS-CoV-2 using novel well-differentiated camelid nasal organoids. We show that camelid nasal organoids are highly susceptible to Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection, but not to infection with different SARS-CoV-2 variants (614G, BA.1 or EG.5.1.1). All viruses efficiently infected human airway organoids. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed the absence of ACE2 on camelid nasal organoids and dromedary camel upper respiratory tract. In contrast, DPP4 was expressed in both camelid nasal organoids and the camel upper respiratory tract, which correlates with MERS-CoV infection. This study indicates that the camelid upper respiratory tract lacks expression of ACE2, which is associated with resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Global implementation and evaluation of atrial fibrillation screening in the past two decades – a narrative review
Authors: Wong Kam Cheong , Nguyen Tu N. , Chow Clara K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAdvances in screening technology have been made in tandem with the aging population and increasing atrial fibrillation (AF) prevalence. While several randomized controlled trials demonstrate the efficacy of AF screening, less evidence has been synthesized addressing the implementation and evaluation of AF screening programs. We systematically searched the PubMed database from 1st January 2000 to 18th January 2024. The search terms included “atrial fibrillation” and “screening” and their synonyms. Articles that described screening implementation, including screening methods, were included. Editorial, commentary, engineering, and basic science articles were excluded. 1767 abstracts were screened, of which 138 full articles were reviewed, and 87 studies were included: 90% from high-income, 8% from upper-middle-income and 2% from lower-middle-income countries/ regions. The screening initiatives included general practice (n = 31), remote self-screening (n = 30), pharmacy (n = 11), community centers and villages (n = 10), hospital (n = 4), and nursing home (n = 1). Most studies used handheld ECG devices (n = 72, 83%), some used wearable devices (n = 13, 15%), and two (2%) used implantable cardiac devices. Comparator groups were described in 17% (15/87) studies: all 6 remote self-screening trials showed superior AF detection rates compared to usual care (these studies applied intermittent screening using handheld ECG devices over 2 weeks to 12 months or wearing ECG patches for continuous monitoring over 2–4 weeks), but 9 trials using systematic and opportunistic screening in primary care settings showed mixed results. Among 72 studies without comparator groups, 18 reported new AF detection rates below 1%, 48 reported 1–10%, 5 reported above 10%, and one reported an AF incidence rate of 2.25% patient-years (95% CI 2.03–2.48). Only 22% (19/87) of studies reported on the implementation evaluation (12 by surveys and 7 by interviews), surveying participant acceptability, usability, and satisfaction, and some studies in general practice and pharmacy interviewing participants and qualitatively evaluating the enablers and barriers to implementation. These studies reported barriers of lack of resources and referral pathways and enablers of having a designated staff member to lead implementation at point-of-care settings. AF screening implementation studies were mainly conducted in high-income countries/ regions. Detection rates were highest in older and higher risk groups, and if longer continuous ECG monitoring was used. Few studies reported details of the implementation of AF screening programs concerning cost, scalability, or comparative effectiveness of remote technology-driven screening approaches versus lower-tech approaches such as pulse palpation. Despite AF screening recommendations existing for some time, we seem to lack the data to effectively scale these initiatives.
Optimal operation of co‐phase traction power supply system with HESS and PV
Authors: Yang Bowei , Chen Minwu , Ma Lei , He Bing , Deng Hao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe co‐phase traction power supply system (TPSS) with hybrid energy storage system (HESS) and photovoltaic (PV) is proposed to eliminate the neutral section and improve the regenerative braking energy (RBE) utilization. Although the integration of HESS and PV facilitates the energy saving and cost reduction of the co‐phase TPSS, the high cost and configuration of HESS should be considered, which is the key to affect the optimal operation strategy of co‐phase TPSS. Here, the optimal operation strategy of co‐phase TPSS with HESS and PV is proposed to design the HESS configuration, recycle RBE and improve power quality. The proposed model aims to minimize the total system cost, including HESS investment cost, electricity cost and operation and maintenance cost. Moreover, the proposed model is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming by employing linearization approaches. Finally, case studies verify that the 29.2% cost reduction rate is achieved and the three‐phase voltage unbalance meets the standard requirements.
Hard‐state Protocol Independent Multicast—Source‐Specific Multicast (HPIM‐SSM)
Authors: Grilo Ana Catarina , Oliveira Pedro , Valadas Rui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSource‐specific multicast is a key technology for multicast services such as IPTV broadcasting, which relies on IGMPv3/MLDv2 for source‐group membership signalling and multicast routing protocols such as PIM‐SSM for building and maintaining receiver‐initiated source‐based distribution trees across the network. The authors propose the Hard‐state Protocol Independent Multicast—Source‐Specific Multicast (HPIM‐SSM), a novel multicast routing protocol that keeps the design principles of PIM‐SSM but overcomes its limitations, such as slow convergence and the possibility of creating suboptimal trees. The state machines of HPIM‐SSM were designed to react promptly to all network events susceptible to reconfiguring the multicast trees, avoiding the need for soft‐state maintenance through the periodic transmission of control messages. Moreover, the authors eliminated the need for designated routers, which led to suboptimal trees, and introduced a control‐driven assert protocol that operates per source, allowing for considerable memory savings. Finally, the protocol enables the coexistence of multiple unicast routing protocols. HPIM‐SSM was implemented in Python, and its correctness was extensively validated through model‐checking techniques. Furthermore, a comparison between HPIM‐SSM and PIM‐SSM was conducted, encompassing both theoretical analysis and experimental evaluation of convergence times. The results demonstrate clearly that HPIM‐SSM outperforms PIM‐SSM, exhibiting significantly faster convergence times and completely avoiding suboptimal trees.