bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro data support the investigation of vinegar as an antimicrobial agent for PD‐associated Pseudomonas exit site infections
Authors: Carson Christine F , Ash Oliver , Chakera Aron 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPeritoneal dialysis exit site infections caused by Pseudomonas spp. are difficult to treat and can lead to peritonitis and/or modality failure. Effective alternative or adjunct non‐antibiotic antimicrobial agents could improve treatment as well as reduce the use of antibiotics and contribute to a reduction in antibiotic selection pressure and the further development of antibiotic resistance. Vinegar is popularly promoted as a topical antimicrobial agent and has been recommended as an adjunct treatment for Pseudomonas exit site infections in PD patients. Systematic empirical data on the susceptibility of pseudomonads to vinegar are lacking. This study aimed to determine the susceptibility to vinegar of 57 isolates of Pseudomonas. The MICs and MBCs of four vinegars were determined for clinical, environmental and/or reference isolates of P. aeruginosa (n = 34), P. fluorescens (n = 11) and P. putida (n = 12) using a broth microdilution method. The MIC90 and MBC90 were also determined for each species. The MIC90 of all four vinegars against P. aeruginosa was 2% (vol/vol). The MBC90 was 8%. The MIC90s for P. fluorescens and P. putida were also 2%. The MIC90s were 4%. Dilutions of vinegar recommended for the treatment of Pseudomonas exit site infections have in vitro activity against these notoriously resistant bacteria. In light of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance and the need to reduce antibiotic selection pressure as part of good antibiotic stewardship, the efficacy of vinegar, or its active constituent acetic acid, for the treatment of Pseudomonas exit site infections should be investigated further.
Life, death and rebirth of avirulence effectors in a fungal pathogen of Brassica crops, Leptosphaeria maculans
Authors: Rouxel Thierry , Balesdent Marie‐Hélène 
Published: January 2017

SummaryIn agricultural systems, major (R) genes for resistance in plants exert strong selection pressure on cognate/corresponding avirulence effector genes of phytopathogens. However, a complex interplay often exists between trade‐offs linked to effector function and the need to escape R gene recognition. Here, using the Leptosphaeria maculans–oilseed rape pathosystem we review evolution of effectors submitted to multiple resistance gene selection. Characteristics of this pathosystem include a crop in which resistance genes have been deployed intensively resulting in ‘boom and bust’ cycles; a fungal pathogen with a high adaptive potential in which seven avirulence genes are cloned and for which population surveys have been coupled with molecular analysis of events responsible for virulence. The mode of evolution of avirulence genes, all located in dispensable parts of the ‘two‐speed’ genome, is a highly dynamic gene‐specific process. In some instances, avirulence genes are readily deleted under selection. However, others, even when located in the most plastic genome regions, undergo only limited point mutations or their avirulence phenotype is ‘camouflaged’ by another avirulence gene. Thus, while hundreds of effector genes are present, some effectors are likely to have an important and nonredundant function, suggesting functional redundancy and dispensability of effectors might not be the rule.

Contents

Summary
526

I.
Introduction
526

II.
A new crop, novel resistance genes and ‘boom and bust’ cycles
527

III.
The ‘two‐speed’ genome and specific genome environment of avirulence genes in Leptosphaeria maculans
527

IV.
Deletion and other types of inactivations: the easy way to go?
529

V.
Is extinction the common scheme?
529

VI.
‘Rebirth’ of AvrLm3
530

VII.
Conclusions
530

Acknowledgements
531

References
531
Predictors and Clinical Outcomes of Transient Responders to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: ICHIBORI HIROTOSHI , FUKUZAWA KOJI , KIUCHI KUNIHIKO , MATSUMOTO AKINORI , KONISHI HIROKI , IMADA HIROSHI , HYOGO KIYOHIRO , KUROSE JUN , TATSUMI KAZUHIRO , TANAKA HIDEKAZU , HIRATA KEN‐ICHI 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundLeft ventricular end‐systolic volume (LVESV) changes at 6 months and clinical status are useful for assessing responses to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Regression of the LVESV following CRT has not been described beyond 6 months. This study aimed to assess the proportion, predictors, and clinical outcomes of responders whose LVESVs had regressed.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 104 consecutive CRT patients. A responder was defined as a patient with a relative reduction in the LVESV ≥15% at 6 months after CRT. Fifty‐six responders participated in this study. A transient responder was defined as a responder without a relative reduction in the LVESV ≥15% at 2 years after CRT or who died of cardiac events during the 24‐month follow‐up period.ResultsOf the 56 responders, 16 (29%) were transient responders. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that chronic atrial fibrillation (odds ratio [OR] = 19.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.93, 190], P = 0.012) and amiodarone usage (OR = 60.9, 95% CI [4.18, 886], P = 0.003) were independent predictors of transient responses. Hospitalizations for heart failure were significantly higher among the transient responders than among the lasting responders during a mean follow‐up period of 7.6 years (log‐rank P < 0.001), and all‐cause mortality tended to be higher among the transient responders (log‐rank P = 0.093).ConclusionsOne‐third of the responders were transient responders at 2 years after CRT, and their long‐term prognoses were poor. Careful attention should be paid to maintain the reduction in LVESV especially in patients with chronic AF.
Determinants of Patient Satisfaction in a Private Practice Pain Management Clinic
Authors: Dragovich Anthony , Beltran Thomas , Baylor George M. , Swanson Marc , Plunkett Anthony 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundPatient satisfaction is used to measure physician performance in hospital and governmental practice settings. There is limited understanding about factors affecting satisfaction in a chronic pain management setting for patients prescribed chronic opioids.ObjectiveTo identify the determinants of patient satisfaction and correlation with recommended outcome measures in a private practice pain management clinic.MethodsWe performed a 4‐week quality assessment survey to define the determinants of patient satisfaction among pain management patients who were prescribed opioids. The data obtained from the survey were analyzed with descriptive and multiple regression analysis.ResultsOverall provider satisfaction was 96% and clinic satisfaction was 94% for a chronic pain population prescribed opioids for over 1 year. There was no correlation between provider satisfaction and functional outcomes. Only “level of stress” correlated with positive clinic satisfaction. The remainder of the functional outcomes were not correlated with satisfaction. “Listened to you carefully about your questions and concerns,” “Treated you with courtesy and respect,” and “Helped you with your problem” were found to be significant predictors of provider satisfaction.ConclusionsThese results indicate that a patient's perception of a provider's engagement and concern more heavily impacts perceived satisfaction than the patient's progress. A patient's perception of his or her clinic experience is heavily influenced by the attentiveness and coordination of the entire clinic care team. Staff attentiveness and coordination may affect a patient's level of stress. Adherence to current opioid prescription guidelines did not appear to have an overall negative effect on patient satisfaction.
Transgenic cotton expressing Cry10Aa toxin confers high resistance to the cotton boll weevil
Authors: Ribeiro Thuanne Pires , Arraes Fabricio Barbosa Monteiro , Lourenço‐Tessutti Isabela Tristan , Silva Marilia Santos , Lisei‐de‐Sá Maria Eugênia , Lucena Wagner Alexandre , Macedo Leonardo Lima Pepino , Lima Janaina Nascimento , Santos Amorim Regina Maria , Artico Sinara , Alves‐Ferreira Márcio , Mattar Silva Maria Cristina , Grossi‐de‐Sa Maria Fatima 
Published: January 2017

SummaryGenetically modified (GM) cotton plants that effectively control cotton boll weevil (CBW), which is the most destructive cotton insect pest in South America, are reported here for the first time. This work presents the successful development of a new GM cotton with high resistance to CBW conferred by Cry10Aa toxin, a protein encoded by entomopathogenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) gene. The plant transformation vector harbouring cry10Aa gene driven by the cotton ubiquitination‐related promoter uceA1.7 was introduced into a Brazilian cotton cultivar by biolistic transformation. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays revealed high transcription levels of cry10Aa in both T0 GM cotton leaf and flower bud tissues. Southern blot and qPCR‐based 2−ΔΔCt analyses revealed that T0 GM plants had either one or two transgene copies. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of Cry10Aa protein expression showed variable protein expression levels in both flower buds and leaves tissues of T0 GM cotton plants, ranging from approximately 3.0 to 14.0 μg g−1 fresh tissue. CBW susceptibility bioassays, performed by feeding adults and larvae with T0 GM cotton leaves and flower buds, respectively, demonstrated a significant entomotoxic effect and a high level of CBW mortality (up to 100%). Molecular analysis revealed that transgene stability and entomotoxic effect to CBW were maintained in T1 generation as the Cry10Aa toxin expression levels remained high in both tissues, ranging from 4.05 to 19.57 μg g−1 fresh tissue, and the CBW mortality rate remained around 100%. In conclusion, these Cry10Aa GM cotton plants represent a great advance in the control of the devastating CBW insect pest and can substantially impact cotton agribusiness.
Addendum Guidelines for the Prevention of Peanut Allergy in the United States: Report of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases–Sponsored Expert Panel
Authors: Togias Alkis , Cooper Susan F. , Acebal Maria L. , Assa'ad Amal , Baker James R. , Beck Lisa A. , Block Julie , Byrd‐Bredbenner Carol , Chan Edmond S. , Eichenfield Lawrence F. , Fleischer David M. , Fuchs George J. , Furuta Glenn T. , Greenhawt Matthew J. , Gupta Ruchi S. , Habich Michele , Jones Stacie M. , Keaton Kari , Muraro Antonella , Plaut Marshall , Rosenwasser Lanny J. , Rotrosen Daniel , Sampson Hugh A. , Schneider Lynda C. , Sicherer Scott H. , Sidbury Robert , Spergel Jonathan , Stukus David R. , Venter Carina , Boyce Joshua A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundFood allergy is an important public health problem because it affects children and adults, can be severe and even life‐threatening, and may be increasing in prevalence. Beginning in 2008, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, working with other organizations and advocacy groups, led the development of the first clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of food allergy. A recent landmark clinical trial and other emerging data suggest that peanut allergy can be prevented through introduction of peanut‐containing foods beginning in infancy.ObjectivesPrompted by these findings, along with 25 professional organizations, federal agencies, and patient advocacy groups, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases facilitated development of addendum guidelines to specifically address the prevention of peanut allergy.ResultsThe addendum provides three separate guidelines for infants at various risk levels for the development of peanut allergy and is intended for use by a wide variety of health care providers. Topics addressed include the definition of risk categories, appropriate use of testing (specific IgE measurement, skin prick tests, and oral food challenges), and the timing and approaches for introduction of peanut‐containing foods in the health care provider's office or at home. The addendum guidelines provide the background, rationale, and strength of evidence for each recommendation.ConclusionsGuidelines have been developed for early introduction of peanut‐containing foods into the diets of infants at various risk levels for peanut allergy.
Impacts of donor‐specific anti‐HLA antibodies and antibody‐mediated rejection on outcomes after intestinal transplantation in children
Authors: Petit L.‐M. , Rabant M. , Canioni D. , Suberbielle‐Boissel C. , Goulet O. , Chardot C. , Lacaille F. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAMR is a risk factor for graft failure after SBTx. We studied impact of DSAs and AMR in 22 children transplanted between 2008 and 2012 (11 isolated SBTx, 10 liver inclusive Tx, and one modified multivisceral Tx). Three patients never developed DSA, but DSAs were found in seven in the pre‐Tx period and de novo post‐Tx in 19 children. Pathology revealed cellular rejection (15/19), with vascular changes and C4d+. Patients were treated with IV immunoglobulins, plasmapheresis, and steroids. Rescue therapy included antithymocyte globulins, rituximab, eculizumab, and bortezomib. Pathology and graft function normalized in 13 patients, graft loss occurred in two, and death in seven. At the end of the follow‐up, 15 children were alive (68%), 13 with functioning graft (59%). Prognosis factors for poor outcome after Tx were the presence of symptoms at AMR suspicion (P +.033). DSAs were often found following SBTx, mostly de novo. Resistant ACR or severe AMR is still difficult to differentiate, with a high need for immunosuppression in both. DSAs may precede development of severe disease and pathology features on the graft: relationship and correlation need to be better investigated with larger groups before and after Tx.
The B6‐vitamer Pyridoxal is a Sensitizer of UVA‐induced Genotoxic Stress in Human Primary Keratinocytes and Reconstructed Epidermis
Authors: Justiniano Rebecca , Williams Joshua D. , Perer Jessica , Hua Anh , Lesson Jessica , Park Sophia L. , Wondrak Georg T. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractUVA‐driven photooxidative stress in human skin may originate from excitation of specific endogenous chromophores acting as photosensitizers. Previously, we have demonstrated that 3‐hydroxypyridine‐derived chromophores including B6‐vitamers (pyridoxine, pyridoxamine and pyridoxal) are endogenous photosensitizers that enhance UVA‐induced photooxidative stress in human skin cells. Here, we report that the B6‐vitamer pyridoxal is a sensitizer of genotoxic stress in human adult primary keratinocytes (HEKa) and reconstructed epidermis. Comparative array analysis indicated that exposure to the combined action of pyridoxal and UVA caused upregulation of heat shock (HSPA6, HSPA1A, HSPA1L, HSPA2), redox (GSTM3, EGR1, MT2A, HMOX1, SOD1) and genotoxic (GADD45A, DDIT3, CDKN1A) stress response gene expression. Together with potentiation of UVA‐induced photooxidative stress and glutathione depletion, induction of HEKa cell death occurred only in response to the combined action of pyridoxal and UVA. In addition to activational phosphorylation indicative of genotoxic stress [p53 (Ser15) and γ‐H2AX (Ser139)], comet analysis indicated the formation of Fpg‐sensitive oxidative DNA lesions, observable only after combined exposure to pyridoxal and UVA. In human reconstructed epidermis, pyridoxal preincubation followed by UVA exposure caused genomic oxidative base damage, procaspase 3 cleavage and TUNEL positivity, consistent with UVA‐driven photooxidative damage that may be relevant to human skin exposed to high concentrations of B6‐vitamers.
To wait or not to wait? Improving results when interviewing intoxicated witnesses to violence
Authors: Hildebrand Karlén Malin , Roos Af Hjelmsäter Emma , Fahlke Claudia , Granhag Pär Anders , Söderpalm‐Gordh Anna 
Published: January 2017

Witnesses to violent crimes are often alcohol intoxicated, but few studies have investigated the impact of alcohol on witness reports. This study investigated how alcohol intoxication and time of interview affected reports of intimate partner violence (IPV). One hundred thirty six healthy men (N = 66) and women (N = 70) were randomized to an alcohol group (0.8g/kg for men, 0.75g/kg for women) (N = 70) or control group (N = 66), given juice. Participants consumed drinks in a laboratory setting before they witnessed an IPV scenario. Fifty percent of the intoxicated and sober participants were interviewed ten minutes after viewing the film and all participants were interviewed one week later. For the analyses, participants in the alcohol group were divided into two groups (moderately/highly intoxicated) based on their BAC‐level. Ten minutes after viewing the event, highly (BAC = 0.08–0.15) intoxicated witnesses gave shorter, but as accurate, reports as moderately intoxicated/sober witnesses. All witnesses gave shorter and less accurate reports one week later compared to immediately after. However, an immediate interview increased completeness one week later. In general, time and high intoxication made witnesses give less detailed accounts of actions and verbal information, but not of objects. Highly intoxicated witnesses reported less actions and verbal information in all interviews, while information regarding objects was reported to a similar extent. At the present BAC‐level, it is beneficial to conduct an immediate free recall interview with intoxicated witnesses to obtain a maximum amount of correct information and minimize the negative effect of time.
The production of racial inequality within and among organizations
Authors: Wooten Melissa E. , Couloute Lucius 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis article examines the production of racial inequality. Although most research concerned with racial inequality focuses exclusively on individuals, we argue that higher level actors, namely, organizations, contend with racial inequality in much the same way that people do. Using prior research on race and organizations, this paper illustrates that understanding how organizations produceandexperience racial inequality is necessary. We argue that racial inequality regimes have the capacity to operate on people, but also among organizations.
The “contact hypothesis”: Critical reflections and future directions
Authors: McKeown Shelley , Dixon John 
Published: January 2017

AbstractResearch on intergroup contact has grown exponentially over the past decade. Such research has typically extolled the benefits of positive interaction between members of historically divided communities, particularly on outcomes related to prejudice reduction. Emerging work in the field, however, has qualified this optimistic picture by identifying three gaps in the existing literature. First, in everyday life, contact may be construed as a negative experience that increases rather than decreases responses such as prejudice, anxiety, and avoidance. Second, in real‐life settings, contact is often circumscribed by informal practices of (re)segregation that are easily overlooked if researchers rely primarily on examining structured contact and explicit processes using primarily laboratory and questionnaire methods. Third, positive contact may have “ironic” effects on the political attitudes and behaviors of the historically disadvantaged, undermining their recognition of social injustice and decreasing their willingness to engage in collective action to challenge the status quo. Although it is now a truism that intergroup contact can reduce intergroup prejudice, these developments emphasize the importance of maintaining a critical perspective on the “contact hypothesis” as a model for promoting social change in historically divided and unequal societies. They also lay the foundations for future developments in the field.
Is revenge about retributive justice, deterring harm, or both?
Authors: Osgood Jeffrey M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis paper explores the vast literature on revenge and retributive punishment to ascertain whether revenge seekers are primarily seeking retribution or to deter future harm. This review considers research findings from social, consumer, evolutionary, and industrial/organizational psychology. Revenge is defined as an action in response to some perceived wrongdoing by another party that is intended to inflict damage, injury, discomfort, or punishment on the party judged responsible. In support of the perspective that revenge is about retribution, vengeance is typically triggered only by unjust harms, revenge‐seekers report a moral imperative, justice beliefs predict revenge, and justice‐related information has the greatest influence on punishment calculations. On the other hand, a plethora of findings in economic games such as serial prisoner dilemmas reveal that tit‐for‐tat style revenge is an effective means of deterring future harm. Overall, the evidence seems to support a retribution model of revenge over a deterrence model; however, as this review describes in its conclusion, the psychology of revenge is in need of further investigation along several key dimensions.
(Inadvertently) Instructing Missionaries in (Public University) World Religions Courses: Examining a Pedagogical Dilemma, its Dimensions, and a Course Section Solution
Authors: Karapanagiotis Nicole 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this article, I explore an ethical and pedagogical dilemma that I encounter each semester in my world religions courses: namely, that a great number of students enroll in the courses as part of their missionary training programs, and come to class understanding successful learning to mean gathering enough information about the world's religious “traditions” so as to effectively seduce people out of them. How should we teach world religions – in public university religious studies courses – with this student constituency? What are/ought to be our student learning goals? What can and should we expect to accomplish? How can we maximize student learning, while also maintaining our disciplinary integrity? In response to these questions, I propose a world religions course module, the goal of which is for students to examine – as objects of inquiry – the lenses through which they understand religion(s). With a recognition of their own lenses, I argue, missionary students become more aware of the biases and presumptions about others that they bring to the table, and they learn to see the ways in which these presumptions inform what they see and know about others, and also what they do not so easily see.
Effectiveness of provider strategies for the early recognition of clinical deterioration due to sepsis in pediatric patients: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Patton Lindsey , Young Virginia 
Published: January 2017

Review question:
The objective of this review is to determine the effectiveness of provider strategies for the early recognition of clinical deterioration due to sepsis in pediatric patients. Specifically, the review question is: among pediatric, hospitalized patients, up to 18 years of age, what is the effectiveness of clinical assessment compared with use of early recognition screening tools for the recognition of clinical deterioration due to sepsis?