bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of Catastrophe Theory to Analyse the Stability and Toppling of Icebergs
Authors: Nye J. F. , Potter J. R. 
Published: September 2017

As an iceberg melts, the resulting change of shape can cause it to list gradually or to become unstable and topple over suddenly. Similarly, when an iceberg breaks up some of the individual pieces may capsize. We have used Zeeman’s analysis of the stability of ships, which is based on catastrophe theory, to examine this problem. We deal only with statical equilibrium; dynamical effects induced by water motion are important for ships, but very large icebergs have correspondingly small oscillations and therefore dynamical aspects are ignored in this first study. The advantage of the catastrophe-theory approach over the conventional stability theory used by naval architects lies in the conceptual clarity that it provides. In particular, it gives a three-dimensional geometrical picture that enables one to see all the possible equilibrium attitudes of a given iceberg, whether they are stable or unstable, whether a stable attitude is dangerously close to an unstable one, and how positions of stable equilibrium can be destroyed as the shape of the iceberg evolves with time.By making two-dimensional computations we examine the stability of two different shapes of cross-section, rectangles and trapezia, with realistic density distributions. These shapes may list gradually or topple suddenly as a single parameter is changed. For example, we find that a conversion of the vertical sides of a rectangular section into the slightly inward-sloping sides of a trapezium has a comparatively large adverse effect on stability. The main purpose of this work is to suggest how the stability characteristics of any selected iceberg may be investigated systematically.
Nimbus-7 SMMR Derived Global Snow Cover Parameters
Authors: Chang A.T.C. , Foster J.L. , Hall D.K. 
Published: September 2017

Snow covers about 40 million km2 of the land area of the Northern Hemisphere during the winter season. The accumulation and depletion of snow is dynamically coupled with global hydrological and climatological processes. Snow covered area and snow water equivalent are two essential measurements. Snow cover maps are produced routinely by the National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA/NESDIS) and by the US Air Force Global Weather Center (USAFGWC). The snow covered area reported by these two groups sometimes differs by several million km2, Preliminary analysis is performed to evaluate the accuracy of these products.Microwave radiation penetrating through clouds and snowpacks could provide depth and water equivalent information about snow fields. Based on theoretical calculations, snow covered area and snow water equivalent retrieval algorithms have been developed. Snow cover maps for the Northern Hemisphere have been derived from Nimbus-7 SMMR data for a period of six years (1978–1984). Intercomparisons of SMMR, NOAA/NESDIS and USAFGWC snow maps have been conducted to evaluate and assess the accuracy of SMMR derived snow maps. The total snow covered area derived from SMMR is usually about 10% less than the other two products. This is because passive microwave sensors cannot detect shallow, dry snow which is less than 5 cm in depth. The major geographic regions in which the differences among these three products are the greatest are in central Asia and western China. Future study is required to determine the absolute accuracy of each product.Preliminary snow water equivalent maps have also been produced. Comparisons are made between retrieved snow water equivalent over large area and available snow depth measurements. The results of the comparisons are good for uniform snow covered areas, such as the Canadian high plains and the Russian steppes. Heavily forested and mountainous areas tend to mask out the microwave snow signatures and thus comparisons with measured water equivalent are poorer in those areas.
DETECTION OF SPECIFIC CAUSES OF TUBERCULOSIS IN THE DAIRY CATTLE OF BANGLADESH AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY BY SEQUENCING AND SEQUENCE ANALYSIS
Authors: Yasmin A. , Hossain M. Z. , Rima U. K. , Ruba T. , Khan M. A. H. N. A. 
Published: September 2017

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic disease of man and animal. In this study intradermal tuberculin test, necropsy, histopathology, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing techniques were used to diagnose specific cause of TB in dairy cattle of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Intradermal tuberculin tests were carried out on randomly selected 100 dairy cattle. Tuberculin test positive cattle (N=05) were examined at necropsy and granulomas in lungs was seen in three cattle. Caseous necrosis and swelling of lymphnodes was seen in prescapular (N=01) and mesenteric (N=02) lymphnodes. In a case nodular lesion was seen in lungs and mesenteric lymphnodes. Portion of infected lungs and lymphnodes were snap frozen, extracted genomic DNA and PCR protocols was adapted targeting MPB83 gene. Result of PCR showed amplification of 600bp fragments in five cases. The MPB83 gene although specific for M. Bovis, the gene is less abundantly expressed by M. tuberculosis. To differentiate infectivity due to M. Bovis and M. Tuberculosis, two more PCR were adapted targeting pncA and oxyR genes. Out of five cattle tested in PCR all samples generated pncA specific 185bp and oxyR gene specific 270bp amplicons. The sequencing of MPB83, pncA and oxyR genes were carried out. Results of sequencing did not show mutation in MPB83 gene. Sequencing of pncA gene showed replacement of nucleic acid base (guanine to cytosin) in position 169 in cattle no. 5. Similarly, sequence analysis of oxyR gene (n=05) showed replacement of nucleic acid base (adenine to guanine) in position 285 in cattle no. 5. The cattle no. 5 was confirmedly infected with M. Tuberculosis and rest of the cattle were infected with M. Bovis. The tuberculin tests, necropsy, histopathology and PCR amplification of MPB83 gene may not contribute species specific detection of Mycobacterial infectivity in cattle. Sequencing and sequence analysis of pncA and oxyR genes found to differentiate infectivity in cattle due to M. Bovis and M. Tuberculosis. Both of the bacterial species are extremely zoonotic and dairy cattle of Bangladesh Agricultural University were infected with both M. Bovis and M. Tuberculosis. It needs to tests all the dairy cattle twice in a year with tuberculin tests and dispose test reactors in order to minimize zoonotic risk.
Solar Cycle Variability Induced by Tilt Angle Scatter in a Babcock–Leighton Solar Dynamo Model
Authors: Karak Bidya Binay , Miesch Mark 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
We present results from a three-dimensional Babcock–Leighton (BL) dynamo model that is sustained by the emergence and dispersal of bipolar magnetic regions (BMRs). On average, each BMR has a systematic tilt given by Joy’s law. Randomness and nonlinearity in the BMR emergence of our model produce variable magnetic cycles. However, when we allow for a random scatter in the tilt angle to mimic the observed departures from Joy’s law, we find more variability in the magnetic cycles. We find that the observed standard deviation in Joy’s law of

produces a variability comparable to the observed solar cycle variability of ∼32%, as quantified by the sunspot number maxima between 1755 and 2008. We also find that tilt angle scatter can promote grand minima and grand maxima. The time spent in grand minima for

is somewhat less than that inferred for the Sun from cosmogenic isotopes (about 9% compared to 17%). However, when we double the tilt scatter to

, the simulation statistics are comparable to the Sun (∼18% of the time in grand minima and ∼10% in grand maxima). Though the BL mechanism is the only source of poloidal field, we find that our simulations always maintain magnetic cycles even at large fluctuations in the tilt angle. We also demonstrate that tilt quenching is a viable and efficient mechanism for dynamo saturation; a suppression of the tilt by only 1°–2° is sufficient to limit the dynamo growth. Thus, any potential observational signatures of tilt quenching in the Sun may be subtle.
Electron Pre-acceleration at Nonrelativistic High-Mach-number Perpendicular Shocks
Authors: Bohdan Artem , Niemiec Jacek , Kobzar Oleh , Pohl Martin 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
We perform particle-in-cell simulations of perpendicular nonrelativistic collisionless shocks to study electron heating and pre-acceleration for parameters that permit the extrapolation to the conditions at young supernova remnants. Our high-resolution large-scale numerical experiments sample a representative portion of the shock surface and demonstrate that the efficiency of electron injection is strongly modulated with the phase of the shock reformation. For plasmas with low and moderate temperature (plasma beta

and

), we explore the nonlinear shock structure and electron pre-acceleration for various orientations of the large-scale magnetic field with respect to the simulation plane, while keeping it at 90° to the shock normal. Ion reflection off of the shock leads to the formation of magnetic filaments in the shock ramp, resulting from Weibel-type instabilities, and electrostatic Buneman modes in the shock foot. In all of the cases under study, the latter provides first-stage electron energization through the shock-surfing acceleration mechanism. The subsequent energization strongly depends on the field orientation and proceeds through adiabatic or second-order Fermi acceleration processes for configurations with the out-of-plane and in-plane field components, respectively. For strictly out-of-plane field, the fraction of suprathermal electrons is much higher than for other configurations, because only in this case are the Buneman modes fully captured by the 2D simulation grid. Shocks in plasma with moderate

provide more efficient pre-acceleration. The relevance of our results to the physics of fully 3D systems is discussed.
The Orbit of the Gamma-Ray Binary 1FGL J1018.6−5856
Authors: Monageng I. M. , McBride V. A. , Townsend L. J. , Kniazev A. Y. , Mohamed S. , Böttcher M. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Gamma-ray binaries are a small subclass of the high mass X-ray binary population that exhibit emission across the whole electromagnetic spectrum. We present the radial velocities of 1FGL J1018.6−5856 based on the observations obtained with the Southern African Large Telescope. We combine our measurements with those published in the literature to get a broad phase coverage. The mass function obtained supports a neutron star compact object, although a black hole mass is possible for the very low inclination angles. The improved phase coverage allows constraints to be placed on the orbital eccentricity (e = 0.31 ± 0.16), which agrees with the estimates from the high-energy data.
Durability of Antiretroviral Therapy Regimens and Determinants for Change in HIV-1-Infected Patients in the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database (TAHOD-LITE)
Authors: Martinez-Vega Rosario , De La Mata Nicole L , Kumarasamy Nagalingeswaran , Ly Penh Sun , Van Nguyen Kinh , Merati Tuti P , Pham Thi Thanh , Lee Man Po , Choi Jun Yong , Ross Jeremy L , Ng Oon Tek 
Published: September 2017

Background The durability of first-line regimen is important to achieve long-term treatment success for the management of HIV infection. Our analysis describes the duration of sequential ART regimens and identifies the determinants leading to treatment change in HIV-positive patients initiating in Asia. Methods All HIV-positive adult patients initiating first-line ART in 2003–2013, from eight clinical sites among seven countries in Asia. Patient follow-up was to May 2014. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to estimate the time to second-line ART and third-line ART regimen. Factors associated with treatment durability were assessed using Cox proportional hazards model. Results A total of 16,962 patients initiated first-line ART. Of these, 4,336 patients initiated second-line ART over 38,798 person-years (pys), a crude rate of 11.2 (95% CI 10.8, 11.5) per 100 pys. The probability of being on first-line ART increased from 83.7% (95% CI 82.1, 85.1%) in 2003–2005 to 87.9% (95% CI 87.1, 88.6%) in 2010–2013. Third-line ART was initiated by 1,135 patients over 8,078 pys, a crude rate of 14.0 (95% CI 13.3, 14.9) per 100 pys. The probability of continuing second-line ART significantly increased from 64.9% (95% CI 58.5, 70.6%) in 2003–2005 to 86.2% (95% CI 84.7, 87.6%) in 2010–2013. Conclusions Rates of discontinuation of first- and second-line regimens have decreased over the last decade in Asia. Subsequent regimens were of shorter duration compared to the first-line regimen initiated in the same year period. Lower CD4+ T-cell count and the use of suboptimal regimens were important factors associated with higher risk of treatment switch.
Examining the construct validity of the positive coping behavioural inventory
Authors: Coetzee Melinde , Marx Anta A. , Potgieter Ingrid L. 
Published: September 2017

Orientation: Positive coping strengths are important personal resources in helping employees deal constructively with the complex interaction between the individual and the environment. Research purpose: The present study examined the usefulness and validity of the factor structure of the positive coping behavioural inventory (PCBI) with the view to further refine the scale and increase its usefulness and application value in the South African workplace.Motivation for the study: Valid and reliable multidimensional measures of positive psychological constructs are considered important in understanding the array of personal resources that help employees cope constructively with work–life stressors in today’s fastpaced and more turbulent work environment.Research design, approach and method: A cross-sectional survey design was utilised to collect primary data from a sample of (N = 525) male and female employees from white and black ethnicity origin in the services industry. The participants’ self-evaluations of their positive coping behaviour were measured by means of the PCBI. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to examine the construct validity of the PCBI.Main findings: The convergent validity and internal consistency reliability of the PCBI as a measure of three higher-order dimensions of positive coping behaviour (inventive, engaging and intentional coping behaviours) were demonstrated in this study.Practical and managerial implications: Researchers may confidently use the three-factor solution of the PCBI to measure employees’ self-evaluations of their capacity to demonstrate positive coping behaviour in the workplace.Contribution and value-add: This study contributed to the emerging body of knowledge on the assessment of positive psychology constructs that contribute to employees’ well-being and flourishing in the South African workplace. The results provide preliminary evidence of the usefulness of the PCBI as a valid and reliable multidimensional measure that integrates a wide array of positive psychology attributes in a single measure.
Lupus Enteritis: An Uncommon Manifestation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus as an Initial Presentation
Authors: Bodh Vishal , Kalwar Ritesh , Sharma Rajesh , Sharma Brij , Mahajan Sanjay , Raina Rajiv , Jarial Ajay 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder generally affects young to middle-aged women, commonly presenting as a triad of fever, rash, and joint pain but can affect multiple organs and can present in a complex fashion, varying based on the degree and severity of organ involvement. The differential for abdominal pain and diarrhea in SLE is vast and can include VIPomas, serositis, pancreatitis, intestinal vasculitis, and protein – losing enteropathy, gluten – enteropathy, intestinal pseudo-obstruction, and infection. The pathology of lupus enterits thought to be immune-complex deposition and complement activation, with subsequent mucosal edema. We present a case of a woman with no history of SLE, but with a prolonged course of abdominal pain, diarrhoea and vomiting and eventual diagnoses of lupus enteritis.
Cystic Duplication Cyst of Ascending Colon in an Adult
Authors: Rana Surinder S. , Sharma Vishal , Gupta Rajesh 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTGastrointestinal duplication cysts are rare congenital abnormalities that are usually seen in childhood. Colonic duplication cyst is very rare in adults and is usually asymptomatic. We report a 42‑year‑old female with a duplication cyst in the proximal ascending colon who presented with recurrent episodes of colicky abdominal pain. The cyst could be well visualized on colonoscopy and the patient underwent successful right hemicolectomy with ileotransverse anastomosis.
Comunicación digital y la realidad social en la comunicación entre los usuarios de las redes sociales rusoparlantes: representación del contenido histórico
Authors: Pilgun María , Dzyaloshinsky Iosif M 
Published: September 2017

El artículo describe el estudio de la realidad social actual de Rusia. Se estudia su reflejo en el contenido histórico de la comunicación de los usuarios de las redes sociales que permite detectar la interacción de la comunicación online y offline. Objectivos. El análisis de los acontecimientos históricos en el contenido de las redes sociales, concretamente la Revolución de octubre 1917. Metodología. Dada la complejidad de la investigación se optó por un enfoque interdisciplinar. Para la obtención del material empírico relevante fueron llevados a cabo los siguientes procedimientos: una encuesta masiva y la entrevista focogrupal; el análisis del contenido dedicado a la Revolución de octubre extraído de las redes sociales (Facebook, VKontakt, Livejournal); el análisis de redacciones dedicadas a dicho tema. El procesamiento de los datos obtenidos se efectuó mediante el programa Tableau y Automap. Resultados. El contenido histórico en las redes sociales rusoparlantes reproduce una tensión social, igual que los acontecimientos de hace 100 años. Discusión y Conclusiones. El conflicto que dividió la sociedad rusa en dos partidos enemigos en el año 1917 sigue dividiendo la sociedad también hoy en día. El campo de batalla se trasladó al ciberespacio, donde la evaluación de los acontecimientos históricos se convierte en una forma más de marcaje “amigo-enemigo” que lleva a una comunicación conflictiva y produce un aumento de la tensión social.
Assessment of Indian Public Health Standards in the Primary Health Centers in a District of Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Masood Arshiya , Singh Anil K , Martolia DS , Midha Tanu 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Primary health center (PHC) is a first port of call to a qualified doctor of the public sector in rural areas. Standards are the main driver for continuous improvement in quality. The performance of PHCs can be assessed against the Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS) recommended for PHCs in early 2007. The overall objective of IPHS for PHCs is to provide health care, i.e., quality oriented and sensitive to the needs of the community. These standards would also help monitor and improve the functioning of the PHCs.

Aims and objectives
This study was carried out to assess (1) the infrastructure, equipments, instruments, staffing, and other facilities; (2) the services being provided at PHCs; (3) to find out the reasons for nonutilization of health services and suggest remedial measures for the same.

Material and methods
This was a cross-sectional study at two PHCs, namely Thatiya and Umerda of Tirwa block of Kannauj District selected randomly for assessment. Health care providers, mainly medical officers, were interviewed using pretested, precoded pro forma. Descriptive analysis was used as per study requirements.

Results
It has been found that only outpatient department services were being provided with many missing components, such as one of the most important ones like maternal and child health and family planning. Physical infrastructure and facilities were inadequate at both the PHCs. Both of them were grossly underequipped and understaffed. Medical officers face their own problems; even basic amenities of life like water, electricity, canteen, etc., are lacking there.

Conclusion
Both the PHCs were not performing up to the expectations and standards of the Indian Public Health.

How to cite this article
Masood A, Singh AK, Martolia DS, Midha T. Assessment of Indian Public Health Standards in the Primary Health Centers in a District of Uttar Pradesh, India. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2017;2(2):53-60.
Psychiatric Morbidity and Quality of Life in Patients suffering from Psoriasis in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Shrivastava RK , Jaiswal Arpit , Yaduvanshi Rakesh , Sharma CS , Ali Ramjan , Rathoure PK 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
Introduction
Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease, which may be persistent, disfiguring, and stigmatizing. The disease is frequent, with prevalence estimates ranging from 0.3 to 2.5%. It is characterized by thick, red, scaly lesion that may appear on any part of the body. Psoriasis is associated with significant psychological and psychiatric morbidity, experience of stigmatization, and decreased health-related quality of life (QOL).

Aims and Objectives
The aims of this study were to estimate psychiatric morbidity and QOL in patients with psoriasis and to study the specified demographic, psychological, social, and illness-related correlates of psychiatric morbidity and QOL.

Materials and methods
The study group consisted of 100 consecutive patients suffering from psoriasis and healthy controls. The assessment was done using General Health Questionnaire 12 items (GHQ-12), Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life BREF scale (WHOQOL-BREF). Patients were also subjected to clinical psychiatric examination. Only those subjects who scored ≥3 on GHQ-12 scale were administered HADS and WHOQOL-BREF.

Results
This study revealed statistically significant association between number of relapses and depression score and between severity of skin lesions (PASI score) and depressive score.

Conclusion
Psoriasis markedly worsens the global well-being of patients and their cohabitants, who experienced an impairment of their QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression.

How to cite this article
Yaduvanshi R, Jaiswal A, Sharma CS, Kumar S, Ali R, Shrivastava RK, Rathoure PK. Psychiatric Morbidity and Quality of Life in Patients suffering from Psoriasis in a Tertiary Care Hospital. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2017;2(2):85-90.
Sterilization and Infection Control Measures in Dental Operatory
Authors: Verma Santosh K 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
Increase in the incidence of serious transmissible diseases over the last few decades has enhanced major concern and impacted the treatment mode of all health care practitioners. Nowadays, more emphasis is made to assure the patients that they are well protected from risks of infectious disease. Infection control is the most important phase of any dental therapy that has helped to allay concerns of the health care personnel and in providing a safe environment for both patient and personnel. This study reviews different sterilization and infection control protocols in a dental operatory.
How to cite this article
Mohan S, Prajapati VK, Verma SK. Sterilization and Infection Control Measures in Dental Operatory. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2017;2(2):97-100.