bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of Early Growth Response Gene-2 and Regulated Cytokines Correlates with Recovery from Guillain–Barré Syndrome
Authors: Doncel-Pérez Ernesto , Mateos-Hernández Lourdes , Pareja Eduardo , García-Forcada Ángel , Villar Margarita , Tobes Raquel , Romero Ganuza Francisco , Vila del Sol Virginia , Ramos Ricardo , Fernández de Mera Isabel G. , de la Fuente José 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated peripheral neuropathy. The goal of this research was the identification of biomarkers associated with recovery from GBS. In this study, we compared the transcriptome of PBMCs from a GBS patient and her healthy twin to discover possible correlates of disease progression and recovery. The study was then extended using GBS and spinal cord injury unrelated patients with similar medications and healthy individuals. The early growth response gene-2 (EGR2) was upregulated in GBS patients during disease recovery. The results provided evidence for the implication of EGR2 in GBS and suggested a role for EGR2 in the regulation of IL-17, IL-22, IL-28A, and TNF-β cytokines in GBS patients. These results identified biomarkers associated with GBS recovery and suggested that EGR2 overexpression has a pivotal role in the downregulation of cytokines implicated in the pathophysiology of this acute neuropathy.
Adherence of Academic Radiologists in a Non-English Speaking Imaging Center to the BI-RADS Standards of Reporting Breast MRI
Authors: Sefidbakht Sepideh , Jalli Reza , Izadpanah Ensieh 
Published: December 2015

Objectives:
To assess the adherence of academic radiologists in a university center to BI-RADS lexicon (BLA) and to evaluate the structural completeness of breast MRI reports.

Materials and Methods:
Breast MRI reports made during 2012 in a single academic center by six readers were scored for formal completeness (FS) including recording the MRI protocol, making relevant clinical correlation, and describing background enhancement; BLA including mass rather than lesion, describing lesion outline, enhancement characteristics, and dynamic curve; and also expressing the final conclusion using BLA, resulting in a maximal total score of 8. FS and BLA were correlated with reader characteristics including breast imaging background, years of academic experience, and number of breast MRIs reported yearly. Tests used for statistical analysis were the Mann–Whitney U test and analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results:
Overall BLA was 38.9%. This percentage was 60.1% and 3.7% in radiologists with and without breast imaging background, respectively (P = 0.000). Mean FS among all readers was 3.81 ± 1.75. This score was 2.54 ± 1.1 for readers without breast imaging background and 4.6 ± 1.6 for the readers regularly involved in breast imaging (P = 0.000).

Conclusions:
Higher degree of BLA and higher mean FS were associated with radiologists regularly involved in breast imaging. No association was found with years of academic experience or number of breast MRIs interpreted yearly.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of a Juxtaglomerular Cell Tumor
Authors: Kang Suhai , Guo Aitao , Wang Haiyi , Ma Lu , Xie Zongyu , Li Jinglong , Tonge Xinyuan , Ye Huiyi 
Published: December 2015

Objective:
To retrospectively determine whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings can help differentiate a juxtaglomerular cell tumor (JCT) from clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).

Materials and Methods:
Eight patients with JCTs and 24 patients with pathologically proven ccRCC were included for image analysis. All patients underwent unenhanced MRI and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. Fat-suppressed T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), in- and opposed-phase imaging, and fat-suppressed preliver acquisitions with volume acceleration sequences were performed before enhancement. After the administration of contrast, dynamic imaging was performed in the corticomedullary, nephrographic, and excretory phases. Student's t-test, t′-test, Chi-square test, and nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis H-test were used to determine the significance of the difference between the two groups. The sensitivity and specificity of the MRI findings were calculated.

Results:
In patients with a JCT, a cystic part of the lesion of <10%, isointensity or mild hyperintensity on T2WI, heterogeneous hyperintensity on DWI, less signal drop (<10%) in in- and opposed-phase imaging, and a degree of enhancement <200% in the corticomedullary phase showed statistically significant differences compared with those of ccRCC (P < 0.05). After combining a lower apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value (heterogeneous hyperintensity) on DWI and a degree of enhancement <200% in the corticomedullary phase using a parallel test, the sensitivity and specificity were 90.9% and 91.7%, respectively.

Conclusions:
Isointensity or mild hyperintensity on T2WI, a lower ADC value (heterogeneous hyperintensity) on DWI, and a degree of enhancement <200% in the corticomedullary phase are the major MRI findings for JCTs, combined with relative clinical manifestations and excluding other renal masses. A main solid tumor, less signal drop (<10%) in in- and opposed-phase imaging, and a less-washout pattern of <10% in the delayed phase are secondary MRI findings for JCTs.
Activities of Daily Living in Survivors of Childhood Brain Tumor
Authors: Demers Catherine , Gélinas Isabelle , Carret Anne-Sophie 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. This cross-sectional, descriptive study evaluated the performance in activities of daily living (ADLs) of youth and young adult survivors of childhood brain tumor (BT) and explored associations with health-related quality of life (HRQoL).
METHOD. Thirty-six participants were examined using the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills to evaluate their quality of ADL task performance and the Medical Outcomes Study 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF–12) to evaluate HRQoL.
RESULTS. Participants had significantly lower performance in ADLs compared with age norms (p &lt; .05), and their functional level was positively associated with the SF–12 Physical (r 2 = .5) and Mental (r 2 = .3) scales.
CONCLUSION. Participants had significant limitations in both motor and process skills, which affected their performance in ADLs. Study results emphasize the importance of long-term follow-up and rehabilitation services aimed at improving the functional level and HRQoL of BT survivors.
Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Frequency Modulation Devices in Improving Academic Outcomes in Children With Auditory Processing Difficulties
Authors: Reynolds Stacey , Miller Kuhaneck Heather , Pfeiffer Beth 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis systematic review describes the published evidence related to the effectiveness of frequency modulation (FM) devices in improving academic outcomes in children with auditory processing difficulties. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses standards were used to identify articles published between January 2003 and March 2014. The Cochrane Population, Intervention, Control, Outcome, Study Design approach and the American Occupational Therapy Association process forms were used to guide the article selection and evaluation process. Of the 83 articles screened, 7 matched the systematic review inclusion criteria. Findings were consistently positive, although limitations were identified. Results of this review indicate moderate support for the use of FM devices to improve children’s ability to listen and attend in the classroom and mixed evidence to improve specific academic performance areas. FM technology should be considered for school-age children with auditory processing impairments who are receiving occupational therapy services to improve functioning in the school setting.
Postoperative Therapy for Chronic Thumb Carpometacarpal (CMC) Joint Dislocation
Authors: Wollstein Ronit , Michael Dafna , Harel Hani 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Surgical arthroplasty of thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint osteoarthritis is commonly performed. Postoperative therapeutic protocols aim to improve range of motion and function of the revised thumb. We describe a case in which the thumb CMC joint had been chronically dislocated before surgery, with shortening of the soft-tissue dynamic and static stabilizers of the joint. The postoperative protocol addressed the soft tissues using splinting and exercises aimed at lengthening and strengthening these structures, with good results. It may be beneficial to evaluate soft-tissue tension and the pattern of thumb use after surgery for thumb CMC joint osteoarthritis to improve postoperative functional results.
Why Has So Little Progress Been Made in the Practice of Occupational Therapy in Relation to Sexuality?
Authors: Mc Grath Margaret , Sakellariou Dikaios 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Despite recognition of the rights of disabled people to sexuality, occupational therapists continue to not address sexuality in practice. This failure can be understood as a consequence of social discourses relating to sexuality and disability and a professional discourse that values certain occupations over others. Given the importance of sexuality to the human experience and the evidence of the link between the opportunity for sexual expression and well-being, occupational therapists need to change their practice in relation to sexuality and disability. One method of achieving this change may be to adopt a rights-based approach to sexuality and disability. This article presents the possibilities offered by such an approach, discusses implications for occupational therapy practitioners, and proposes suggestions for future actions to ensure that the rights of disabled people to sexuality are embedded in occupational therapy practice.
Sensory Processing Patterns in Children Born Very Preterm
Authors: Crozier Stephanie C. , Goodson Jennifer Z. , Mackay Margot L. , Synnes Anne R. , Grunau Ruth E. , Miller Steven P. , Zwicker Jill G. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We describe the prevalence and type of sensory processing differences in children born very preterm and determine associations with neonatal risk factors.
METHOD. We assessed sensory processing patterns using the Short Sensory Profile in a retrospective cohort of 160 children age 4 yr born very preterm (≤32 wk gestational age). Data analyses included descriptive statistics to describe the prevalence of sensory processing patterns and logistic regression to examine associations with neonatal risk factors.
RESULTS. Almost half of our cohort (46%) exhibited atypical sensory processing patterns. Lower Apgar scores (p = .03) and longer length of stay in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU; p = .02) independently predicted atypical sensory processing patterns.
CONCLUSION. Children born very preterm are at increased risk for sensory processing differences, which are associated with perinatal risk factors and length of stay in the NICU. Routine evaluation for sensory processing differences of children born preterm is recommended.
Population Health and Occupational Therapy
Authors: Braveman Brent 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Occupational therapy practitioners play an important role in improving the health of populations through the development of occupational therapy interventions at the population level and through advocacy to address occupational participation and the multiple determinants of health. This article defines and explores population health as a concept and describes the appropriateness of occupational therapy practice in population health. Support of population health practice as evidenced in the official documents of the American Occupational Therapy Association and the relevance of population health for occupational therapy as a profession are reviewed. Recommendations and directions for the future are included related to celebration of the achievements of occupational therapy practitioners in the area of population health, changes to the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework and educational accreditation standards, and the importance of supporting, recognizing, rewarding, and valuing occupational therapy practitioners who assume roles in which direct care is not their primary function.
FLEXIBLE OIL SENSORS BASED ON MULTIWALLED CARBON NANOTUBE–FILLED ISOPRENE ELASTOMER COMPOSITES
Authors: Ponnamma Deepalekshmi , Sadasivuni Kishor Kumar , Thomas Sabu , Krupa Igor , AlMa'adeed Mariam Al-Ali 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT
Oil spills due to either accidents or deliberate oily discharges cause severe pollution and can be thwarted if proper detection facilities are applied. This article reports new flexible oil sensor capabilities of three different elastomer (natural rubber, butyl rubber, and styrene–isoprene–styrene copolymer) composites of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). We highlight the sensor manufacturing by simple means of solution mixing, and the uniform dispersion of MWCNTs in the elastomers is substantiated with the help of morphology and structural analyses. Electrical percolation and semiconductor characteristics were also examined for composites. The developed materials show better oil sensing above the percolation level, and the filler–polymer interfacial interaction is the main factor regulating the oil-detecting capability. The efficiency of the sensors was also tested after many instances of bending.
Implications of Climate Change on Water Resource Management in Megacities in Developing Countries: Mexico City Case Study
Authors: Gloria Soto-Montes , Marina Herrera-Pantoja 
Published: December 2015

<p class="emsd"><span lang="EN-GB">More than half of the world’s population currently lives in urban areas. The fastest growing megacities are occurring mainly in developing countries, where stresses on water systems already pose major challenges for governments and water utilities. Climate change is expected to further burden water resource management, putting at risk governments’ ability to guarantee secure supplies and sustainable development. In this study, the significance of assessing the implications of climate change on water resources in megacities as an important component of the adaptation process is explored. The Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA), one of the largest cities in the world, is presented as a case study. The downscaled outputs of the General Circulation Model GFDLCM2a for the A1B and B1 gas emissions scenarios for the period 2046–2081 and a statistical model were used to simulate the likely impacts of climate change in water resources and domestic water demand. The results showed that an increase in temperature and changes in precipitation patterns could increase household water demand for both scenarios, between 0.8% and 6.3% in the MCMA. The future projections also estimated increases of 150% and 200% in events with rainfall intensity of more than 60 mm d<sup>-1</sup> and 70 mm d<sup>-1</sup> respectively, drawing attention to the critical impacts these changes may have on flood events. Despite the uncertainty of models projections, future climate change scenarios have proven to be a flexible guide to identify vulnerabilities of water resources and support strategic adaptation planning. In order to increase their adaptive capacity and resilience to the effects of an uncertain climate change, megacities should consider implementing an integrated water resources management approach that creates opportunities through adequate policies, new technologies, flexible frameworks and innovative actions. </span></p>
Intra-SADC Foreign Direct Investment: A Gravity Approach to South Africa Outward Investment
Authors: Nkuna Onelie 
Published: December 2015

<p>This paper looks at intra-SADC FDI, focusing at South Africa outward FDI into SADC countries. LSDV and GMM estimation techniques are applied in a gravity model for the period 1999 to 2010. The study finds strong evidence that intra-trade and intra-FDI are negatively related, suggestive of a substitutive relationship between intra-SADC trade and intra-SADC FDI. The study also reveals that capital account openness, bilateral investment treaties, and labour availability are key in promoting intra-SADC FDI flows. Further, the study finds evidence that agglomeration effects are important for South African investors into SADC despite the fact that they are operating in a common region. The study also finds that FDI from developed countries complement with FDI from South Africa.</p>lts indicate that there is long-run level equilibrium relationship between the stock price of Taiwan and the NTD/USD exchange rates at lower distribution of stock prices, and at higher and lower distribution of exchange rates. The causality results show that there is unidirectional causality running from Taiwan stock price to the NTD/USD exchange rate at higher distribution of exchange rates. The result shows that there is evidence in favor of the portfolio hypothesis.<p> </p>
Osteogenic Potential of Mouse Periosteum-Derived Cells Sorted for CD90 In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Kim You-Kyoung , Nakata Hidemi , Yamamoto Maiko , Miyasaka Munemitsu , Kasugai Shohei , Kuroda Shinji 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe treatment of bone defects still presents complex problems, although various techniques have been developed. The periosteum is considered a good source of osteogenic precursor cells for new bone formation. It can be collected easily in the clinical setting and is less invasive to the donor site. However, the murine skull periosteum has a poor cellular component, and growth is very slow, making it important to identify a culture method for efficient growth. In the present study, we used three-dimensional cell migration with atelocollagen and gelatin media and found that both were effective for promoting the proliferation of periosteum-derived cells. Moreover, atelocollagen medium is expected to provide an added benefit as a scaffold structure in the ambient temperature of the human body. The selection of a proper surface marker for osteogenesis is imperative for bone regeneration. CD90 is a mesenchymal stem cell marker. Periosteum-derived cells sorted with CD90 showed higher proliferative capacity and osteogenic potential than that of unsorted periosteum-derived cells in vivo and in vitro. Thus, periosteum-derived cells sorted with CD90 are expected to be a good source for bone regeneration.SignificancePeriosteum-derived cells showed higher proliferative capacity and osteogenic potential. Periosteum can be collected easily in the clinical setting and is less invasive to the donor site. Thus, periosteum-derived cells can be expected to be a good source for bone regeneration.
87Sr/86Sr as a quantitative geochemical proxy for 14C reservoir age in dynamic, brackish waters: Assessing applicability and quantifying uncertainties
Authors: Lougheed Bryan C. , van der Lubbe H. J. L. , Davies Gareth R. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAccurate geochronologies are crucial for reconstructing the sensitivity of brackish and estuarine environments to dynamic external impacts of the past. Radiocarbon (14C) dating is commonly used for palaeoclimate studies, but its application in brackish environments is severely limited by an inability to quantify spatiotemporal variations in 14C reservoir age, or R(t), due to dynamic interplay between river runoff and marine water. Additionally, old carbon effects and species‐specific behavioral processes also influence 14C ages. Using the world's largest brackish water body (the estuarine Baltic Sea) as a test bed, combined with a comprehensive approach that objectively excludes both old carbon (using GIS) and species‐specific 14C effects, we demonstrate the use of 87Sr/86Sr ratios for quantifying R(t) in ubiquitous mollusc shell material, leading to almost an order of magnitude increase in Baltic Sea 14C geochronological precision over the current state of the art. We propose that similar proxy methods can be developed for other brackish water bodies worldwide.
Prediction of Human Pharmacokineticsfor Protein‐Based Biologic Therapeutics
Authors: Han Chao , Mayer Christina Lourdes 
Published: December 2015

AbstractScientists and researchers have put forth great effort over many decades into understanding the determinants of pharmacokinetics (PK) and trying to define a relationship between preclinical species and humans in order to perform reasonably accurate predictions. The similarities in drug ADME across mammalian species have been evaluated by numerous studies. Some fundamental approaches for prediction of human PK, namely interspecies scaling and physiologically‐based PK (PBPK) modeling, have been proposed. Conventional interspecies allometric scaling is a classic, relatively simple mathematical approach that requires attaining relevant data from multiple animal species; selection of relevant preclinical species is critical. PBPK modeling fully incorporates anatomical, physiological, and biological factors relevant to ADME. PBPK models involve high computational complexity and require an extensive amount of high quality experimental data. The chapter also discusses these two commonly used approaches for prediction of human PK along with the accompanying concepts and rationale.
Target‐Driven Pharmacokinetics of Biotherapeutics
Authors: Huisinga Wilhelm , Fuhrmann Saskia , Fronton Ludivine , Krippendorff Ben‐Fillippo 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Target‐driven pharmacokinetic (PK) is a peculiar characteristic of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Target‐mediated drug disposition (TMDD) includes the processes of binding of the mAb to its antigen and elimination of the mAb‐antigen complex. This chapter reviews different modeling approaches that can be used to analyze, simulate, and infer target‐driven PK of mAbs: the classical (whole‐body) TMDD modeling approach, including its various approximations (such as the Michaelis‐Menten approximation), the cell‐level TMDD modeling approach, and the simplified physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling approach. It discusses the classical whole‐body TMDD model and the characteristic features of TMDD profiles, and reviews various reduced TMDD models and their underlying assumptions. Cell‐level TMDD and simplified PBPK models are also reviewed as two approaches that allow to integrate prior information on the targeted system and the species physiology into the modeling process.
Knowledge ofADMEof Therapeutic Proteins in Adults Facilitates Pediatric Development
Authors: Adedokun Omoniyi J. , Xu Zhenhua 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAntibody‐based therapeutic proteins are a class of biologics that are used to treat a number of different diseases that affect both adults and children. This chapter presents an overview of how the knowledge of the disposition (i.e., absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination, (ADME)) of therapeutic proteins in adults can help facilitate the development of these agents in children. Similarities and differences between pediatric and adult patients with respect to the pharmacokinetics (PK) and immunogenicity of these agents are examined. The use of PK modeling and simulation to assist in the determination of the appropriate pediatric dose regimen is also discussed. The application of these concepts in the development of therapeutic proteins for pediatric indications using knowledge from adult data is illustrated with examples. Bayesian methods can be used to incorporate prior information into sample‐size calculations for the new trial.