bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new method for computing the reliability of consecutivek-out-of-n:F systems
Authors: Gökdere Gökhan , Gürcan Mehmet , Kılıç Muhammet Burak 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn many physical systems, reliability evaluation, such as ones encountered in telecommunications, the design of integrated circuits, microwave relay stations, oil pipeline systems, vacuum systems in accelerators, computer ring networks, and spacecraft relay stations, have had applied consecutivek-out-of-nsystem models. These systems are characterized as logical connections among the components of the systems placed in lines or circles. In literature, a great deal of attention has been paid to the study of the reliability evaluation of consecutivek-out-of-nsystems. In this paper, we propose a new method to compute the reliability of consecutivek-out-of-n:F systems, withnlinearly and circularly arranged components. The proposed method provides a simple way for determining the system failure probability. Also, we write R-Project codes based on our proposed method to compute the reliability of the linear and circular systems which have a great number of components.
Quantum discord and entanglement in grover search algorithm
Authors: Ye Bin , Zhang Tingzhong , Qiu Liang , Wang Xuesong 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Imperfections and noise in realistic quantum computers may seriously affect the accuracy of quantum algorithms. In this article we explore the impact of static imperfections on quantum entanglement as well as non-entangled quantum correlations in Grover’s search algorithm. Using the metrics of concurrence and geometric quantum discord, we show that both the evolution of entanglement and quantum discord in Grover algorithm can be restrained with the increasing strength of static imperfections. For very weak imperfections, the quantum entanglement and discord exhibit periodic behavior, while the periodicity will most certainly be destroyed with stronger imperfections. Moreover, entanglement sudden death may occur when the strength of static imperfections is greater than a certain threshold.
Fabrication and characterization properties of polypropylene/polycarbonate/clay nanocomposites prepared with twin-screw extruder
Authors: Esmizadeh Elnaz , Naderi Ghasem , Arezoomand Sahar , Mazinani Saeedeh 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Polypropylene/polycarbonate (PP/PC) nanocomposites containing various proportions of the organically modified montmorillonite were prepared by extrusion and injection molding process. The morphology of PP/PC nanocomposites was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The nanocomposites with 3 or 5 wt% of nanoclay (NC) show a uniform dispersion of the NC as pointed out by two different methods, TEM and XRD. It was shown that the morphology of dispersed phase (PC) is highly dependent on the content of minor phase, which was correlated with the balance of drop breakup and coalescence. The mechanical properties have been investigated by tensile test and Izod impact test. The virgin PP/PC samples showed a reduction in impact strength and elongation at break and up to 50% increase in Young’s modulus by increase in PP content comparing with the pure PP. Investigating the effect of NC and PC content on the mechanical behavior of PP/PC nanocomposites showed increased Young’s modulus and decreased impact strength with increasing PC and NC loading. An obvious ductile to brittle behavior transition at a high content of PC or NC was supported by notched Izod impact strength experiments and SEM results.
Remembering and forgetting the SFR Yugoslavia. Historiography and history textbooks in the Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Stefoska Irena , Stojanov Darko 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This article analyses the interpretations and symbolic markers of the ‘new’ memory created in the Republic of Macedonia in the past few years. The question the authors raise concerns how images of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia have been thematized or, likely, left to disappear into oblivion. Analysis of post-1991 historiography and history textbooks in Macedonia suggests that the main waves of change in the historical narrative have all followed the same general lines although not simultaneously. There have been other, minor factors, but the major changes in both domains have been related to the independence of the country, its aspirations to join the EU, and the rise of nationalism.
Greek education. Explaining two centuries of static reproduction
Authors: Kelpanides Michael , Poimenidou Despoina , Malivitsi Zoe 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Greece’s education system lags behind those of other European countries. Its two overarching problems, which encompass many others, are (a) the incompatibility of school knowledge and societal needs, and (b) the low performance of public schools. Because of these inadequacies, there exists a ‘shadow education system’ of private cramming courses preparing students for the required qualifications for university admission. Despite recurring criticisms from international organizations, the relative position of Greece to other countries has not improved. This paper addresses why there has been no improvement so far despite Greece’s use of available resources and expertise supplied by the EU. To explain why there has been no change, the authors trace the Greek system’s problems to historical antecedents and examine the political and social forces resisting educational change at present.
Age-Related Imbalance Is Associated With Slower Walking Speed: An Analysis From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Xie Yanjun J. , Liu Elizabeth Y. , Anson Eric R. , Agrawal Yuri 
Published: June 2016

Background and Purpose:
Walking speed is an important dimension of gait function and is known to decline with age. Gait function is a process of dynamic balance and motor control that relies on multiple sensory inputs (eg, visual, proprioceptive, and vestibular) and motor outputs. These sensory and motor physiologic systems also play a role in static postural control, which has been shown to decline with age. In this study, we evaluated whether imbalance that occurs as part of healthy aging is associated with slower walking speed in a nationally representative sample of older adults.

Methods:
We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the previously collected 1999 to 2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data to evaluate whether age-related imbalance is associated with slower walking speed in older adults aged 50 to 85 years (n = 2116). Balance was assessed on a pass/fail basis during a challenging postural task—condition 4 of the modified Romberg Test—and walking speed was determined using a 20-ft (6.10 m) timed walk. Multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate the association between imbalance and walking speed, adjusting for demographic and health-related covariates. A structural equation model was developed to estimate the extent to which imbalance mediates the association between age and slower walking speed.

Results:
In the unadjusted regression model, inability to perform the NHANES balance task was significantly associated with 0.10 m/s slower walking speed (95% confidence interval: −0.13 to −0.07; P < .01). In the multivariable regression analysis, inability to perform the balance task was significantly associated with 0.06 m/s slower walking speed (95% confidence interval: −0.09 to −0.03; P < .01), an effect size equivalent to 12 years of age. The structural equation model estimated that age-related imbalance mediates 12.2% of the association between age and slower walking speed in older adults.

Conclusions:
In a nationally representative sample, age-related balance limitation was associated with slower walking speed. Balance impairment may lead to walking speed declines. In addition, reduced static postural control and dynamic walking speed that occur with aging may share common etiologic origins, including the decline in visual, proprioceptive, and vestibular sensory and motor functions.
Changes in Function After a 6-Month Walking Intervention in Patients With Intermittent Claudication Who Are Obese or Nonobese
Authors: Addison Odessa , Ryan Alice S. , Prior Steven J. , Katzel Leslie I. , Kundi Rishi , Lal Brajesh K. , Gardner Andrew W. 
Published: June 2016

Background and Purpose:
Both obesity and peripheral artery disease (PAD) limit function and may work additively to reduce mobility. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a 6-month, center-based walking program on mobility function between adults who are weight-stable obese and nonobese with PAD.

Methods:
This is a secondary data analysis of 2 combined studies taken from previous work. Fifty-three adults with PAD and intermittent claudication participated in 6 months of treadmill training or standard of care. Patients were divided into 4 groups for analyses: exercise nonobese (Ex), exercise obese (ExO), standard-of-care nonobese (SC), and standard-of-care obese (SCO). Mobility was assessed by a standardized treadmill test to measure claudication onset time (COT) and peak walking time (PWT) as well as the distance walked during a 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) test.

Results:
There was a significant (P < .001) interaction (intervention × obesity) effect on 6MWD, wherein both exercise groups improved (Ex = 7%, ExO = 16%; P < .02), the SC group did not change (0.9%; P > .05), and the SCO group tended to decline (−18%; P = .06). Both exercise intervention groups significantly improved COT (Ex = 92%, ExO = 102%; P < .01) and PWT (Ex = 54%, ExO = 103%; P < .001). There was no change (P > .05) in either standard-of-care group.

Conclusions:
Individuals who are obese and nonobese with PAD made similar improvements after a 6-month, center-based walking program. However, patients who are obese with PAD and do not exercise may be susceptible to greater declines in mobility. Exercise may be particularly important in patients who are obese with PAD to avoid declines in mobility.
Relationships between insulin resistance and frailty with body composition and testosterone in men undergoing androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Cheung Ada S , Hoermann Rudolf , Dupuis Philippe , Joon Daryl Lim , Zajac Jeffrey D , Grossmann Mathis 
Published: June 2016

Objective
While androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been associated with insulin resistance and frailty, controlled prospective studies are lacking. We aimed to examine the relationships between insulin resistance and frailty with body composition and testosterone.

Design
Case–control prospective study.

Methods
Sixty three men with non-metastatic prostate cancer newly commencing ADT (n=34) and age-matched prostate cancer controls (n=29) were recruited. The main outcomes were insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR), Fried’s frailty score, body composition by dual x-ray absorptiometry and short physical performance battery (SPPB) measured at 0, 6 and 12months. A generalised linear model determined the mean adjusted difference (95% CI) between groups.

Results
Compared with controls over 12months, men receiving ADT had reductions in mean total testosterone level (14.1–0.4nmol/L, P<0.001), mean adjusted gain in fat mass of 3530g (2012, 5047), P<0.02 and loss of lean mass of 1491g (181, 2801), P<0.02. Visceral fat was unchanged. HOMA2-IR in the ADT group increased 0.59 (0.24, 0.94), P=0.02, which was most related to the increase in fat mass (P=0.003), less to lean mass (P=0.09) or total testosterone (P=0.088). Frailty increased with ADT (P<0.0001), which was related to decreased testosterone (P=0.028), and less to fat mass (P=0.056) or lean mass (P=0.79). SPPB was unchanged.

Conclusions
ADT is associated with increased insulin resistance and frailty within 12months of commencement, independently of confounding effects of cancer or radiotherapy. Insulin resistance appears to be mediated by subcutaneous or peripheral sites of fat deposition. Prevention of fat gain is an important strategy to prevent adverse ADT-associated cardiometabolic risks.
Estudio descriptivo sobre currículo, en el marco de los sistemas de aseguramiento de la calidad para instituciones de educación superior
Authors: Cruz Anastasia , Carrillo Orlando , Vera Diana Milena , Fajardo Omar E. 
Published: June 2016

Las normas de aseguramiento de la calidad de la educación superior enColombia han determinado la inclusión en los currículos de algunos aspectosque modifican la concepción del quehacer académico y de los planes deestudio. El propósito de la presente investigación fue determinar la presenciade la flexibilidad, interdisciplinariedad, transversalidad e integralidad en los planes de estudio de programas presenciales de Licenciatura en Idiomas y de Medicina Veterinaria-Zootecnia (MVZ), en algunas instituciones de las ciudades de Tunja y de Bogotá.La propuesta se desarrolló desde un enfoque cualitativo en cuatro programas que aceptaron participar enel proyecto y permitieron suministrar información, atendiendo a las técnicas de recolección de informaciónutilizadas (investigación documental, entrevista a directivo y a docentes). Con este procedimiento, seposibilitó el eficaz desarrollo del análisis y la codificación de categorías que luego permitieron determinaren el estudio la aplicabilidad y reconocimiento de los elementos del currículo en las instituciones deeducación superior. De esto, se concluyó que la integralidad, flexibilidad e interdisciplinariedad se aplicanparcialmente y se tiene relativo conocimiento de estos y que la transversalidad no está contemplada enlos documentos, pero en algunos casos se aplica. De igual forma, se logró generar una metodologíaaplicable a cualquier programa para la auto-evaluación del mismo.
Desmopressin Withdrawal Strategy for Pediatric Enuresis: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Chua Michael E. , Silangcruz Jan Michael , Chang Shang-Jen , Williams Katharine , Saunders Megan , Lopes Roberto Iglesias , Farhat Walid A. , Yang Stephen S. 
Published: June 2016

CONTEXT:
A high relapse rate after discontinuation of desmopressin treatment of pediatric enuresis is consistently reported. Structured withdrawal strategies have been used to prevent relapse.

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the efficacy of a structured withdrawal strategy of desmopressin on the relapse-free rate for desmopressin responder pediatric enuresis.

DATA SOURCES:
Systematic literature search up to November 2015 on Medline, Embase, Ovid, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Wiley Online Library databases, and related references without language restriction.

STUDY SELECTION:
Related clinical trials were summarized for systematic review. Randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of structured versus abrupt withdrawal of desmopressin in sustaining relapse-free status in pediatric enuresis were included for meta-analysis.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Eligible studies were evaluated according to Cochrane Collaboration recommendations. Relapse-free rate was extracted for relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Effect estimates were pooled via the Mantel–Haenszel method with random effect model.

RESULTS:
Six hundred one abstracts were reviewed. Four randomized controlled trials (total 500 subjects) of adequate methodological quality were included for meta-analysis. Pooled effect estimates compared with the abrupt withdrawal, structured withdrawal results to a significantly better relapse-free rate (pooled RR: 1.38; 95% CI, 1.17–1.63; P = .0001). Subgroup analysis for a dose-dependent structured withdrawal regimen showed a significantly better relapse-free rate (pooled RR: 1.48; 95% CI, 1.21–1.80; P = .0001).

LIMITATIONS:
The small number of studies included in meta-analysis represents a major limitation.

CONCLUSIONS:
Structured withdrawal of desmopressin results in better relapse-free rates. Specifically, the dose-dependent structured withdrawal regimen showed significantly better outcomes.
Explaining Rationality with Attributions of Knowledge-How
Authors: Rosa Luis 
Published: June 2016

In the first part of this paper, we argue that the claim that a subject S believes that ϕ on the basis of good reasons cannot be the only type of explanation why S rationally believes that ϕ. Explaining attributions of rationality only by means of the notion of a belief being based on good reasons generates one version of the problem of regress of reasons. In the second part we flesh out a hypothesis according to which some beliefs are rationally held by a subject S in virtue of the fact that S knows how to produce good reasons for holding them. In the third part we offer reasons for accepting the relevant hypothesis, and we argue that it is more successful than foundationalist, coherentist and infinitist theories in explaining the truth of some attributions of epistemic rationality. In the last part we address the problem of the regress of reasons and sketch a solution for it based on our hypothesis.
Crença verdadeira mais informação adequada: fortalecendo a visão de Foley
Authors: Rodrigues Tiegue Vieira 
Published: June 2016

No livro When is Knowledge True Belief? (2012), Richard Foley apresenta uma teoria do conhecimento bastante simples e original, que pretende desbancar as rivais e reorientar a teoria do conhecimento: um sujeito S sabe alguma proposição p se e somente se S verdadeiramente crê que p e não lhe falta nenhuma informação importante. Michael Hannon, em seu artigo “Is Knowledge True Belief Plus Adequate Information?” (2013), faz uma objeção à visão de Foley, acusando-o de oferecer um argumento circular que, ao não diferenciar informação importante de informação não importante, acaba, em última instância, por fazer referência à própria noção de conhecimento. Acredito que a teoria apresentada por Foley está no caminho certo; porém, apresentase de forma incompleta. Neste artigo, apresento uma interpretação subjetivista de relevância epistêmica, proposta originalmente por Floridi, que complementa a visão proposta por Foley e rechaça as objeções levantadas por Hannon.
Infinitism and Inferential Externalism
Authors: Flores Tito 
Published: June 2016

The purpose of this essay is to show that the version of epistemological infinitism defended by Peter Klein is externalistic in character. I present the most important questions infinitism is supposed to resolve and also present the fundamental difference regarding internalism and externalism in epistemology. I conclude with an indication of what would be the best way to understand infinitism and how to evade the problems that emerge from Klein’s externalist infinitism.
Sistem Desentralisasi Dalam Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia Perspektif Yuridis Konstitusional
Authors: Simandjuntak Reynold 
Published: June 2016

Negara kesatuan merupakan landasan batas dari isi pengertian otonomi. Pemilihan sebuah bentuk negara akan sangat erat kaitannya dengan struktur sosial dan etnisitas masyarakat yang ada dalam negara tersebut. Prinsip persatuan sangat dibutuhkan karena keragaman suku, bangsa, agama, dan budaya yang diwarisi oleh bangsa Indonesia dalam sejarah mengharuskan bangsa indonesia bersatu dengan seerat-eratnya dalam keragaman. Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia dibagi atas daerah-daerah provinsi. Daerah provinsi itu dibagi lagi atas daerah kabupaten dan daerah kota. Setiap daerah provinsi, daerah kabupaten, dan daerah kota mempunyai pemerintahan daerah yang diatur dengan undang-undang. Pemerintahan daerah provinsi, daerah kabupaten, dan kota mengatur dan mengurus sendiri urusan pemerintahan menurut asas otonomi dan tugas pembantuan.
Analisis Bahaya Titik Kendali Kritis Proses Pengolahan Bola-Bola Daging di Instalasi Gizi Rumah Sakit
Authors: Trisnaini Inoy 
Published: June 2016

Pada simpul lingkungan terdapat beberapa media yang dapat menjadi transmisi penularan penyakit, salah satunya melalui makanan. Bola-bola daging dengan bahan utama daging sapi merupakan salah satu makanan yang dibuat di Instalasi Gizi Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat (RSUP) dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. Bahan pangan hewani merupakan sumberutama bakteri penyebab infeksi dan intoksikasi termasuk Salmonella sp. dan Escherichia coli . Bola-bola daging rentan mengalami kontaminasi oleh bahaya fisik, biologi, maupun kimia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah analisis bahaya dan titik kendali kritis terhadap proses pengolahan bola-bola da-ging. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber infor-masi terdiri atas enam orang informan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode wawancara mendalam dan observasi. Instrumen yang digunakan ialah per-alatan pengujian angka paling mungkin Escherichia coli dan Salmonella sp., pedoman wawancara mendalam, checklists , dan kamera. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa titik kendali kritis dalam proses pengolahan bola-bola daging terletak pada tahap penerimaan daging giling, penyimpanan bahan makanan basah, pengadonan dan pembentukan adonan, perebusan, penirisan, serta penyajian. Meskipun hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara fisik bola-bola daging dinilai baik dan kandungan Escherichia coli dan Salmonella sp. pada bola-bola daging ialah negatif, yang menjadi titik tekan adalah potensi bahaya biologi berupa bakteri patogen dan bahaya kimia nitrit nitrat.Kata kunci: Bola-bola daging, kontaminasi, pengolahan makanan, titik kendali kritisAbstractIn the knot environment there are some medias that could transmit disease, one of them is food. Meatballs with beef as main ingredient is one of food that is made in The Installation Nutrition RSUP dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. Meats are the main source of bacteria that cause infections and intoxications, such as Salmonella and Escherichia coli. Meatballs are so vulnerable to get contaminated by physical, biological, or chemical hazards. The purpose of this research is hazard analysis and critical control point at meatballs making. This research is descriptive qualitative research.Sources of information consists of six informants. Methods of research con-ducted is in-depth interview and observation. The instrument used is the test equipment NER Escherichia coli and Salmonella, in-depth interview guide-lines, checklists, and camera. The results showed that the critical controlpoints in meatballs making is acceptance of minced beef, wet food storage, kneading and forming the dough, boiling, draining, and presentation. Although based on the observation and interviews indicated that physicallymeatballs were good and E. coli and Salmonella in meatballs were nega-tive, the stress point is the potential dangers of biological pathogens and chemicals nitrite nitrate. Key words: Meat balls, contamination, food processing, critical control point