bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous hydrolytic degradation of poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) microspheres: Mathematical modeling
Authors: Busatto Carlos , Pesoa Juan , Helbling Ignacio , Luna Julio , Estenoz Diana 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTA new mathematical model for the prediction of the heterogeneous hydrolytic degradation of poly(D,L‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA)‐based microspheres was developed. The model takes into account the autocatalytic effect of carboxylic groups and polymer composition on the degradation rate. It is based on mass balances for the different species, considering the kinetic and mass transport phenomena involved. The model estimates the evolution of average molecular weight, mass loss, and morphological change of the particles during degradation, and it was validated with novel experimental data. Theoretical predictions are in agreement with the hydrolysis data of PLGA microspheres (error values less than 5%). The model is able to predict the effect of particle size and molecular weight on the degradation of PLGA‐based microspheres and estimates the morphological changes of the particles due to the autocatalytic effect. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45464.
Alkynylation of Bio‐Based 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural to Connect Biomass Processing with Conjugated Polymers and Furanic Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Romashov Leonid V. , Ananikov Valentine P. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAcetylene‐functionalized platform chemicals were synthesized from biomass‐derived 5‐hydrohymethylfurfural (HMF). Demanding mono‐ and bis‐ethynylfurans were obtained in high yields (89–99 %). Applications of these products in the synthesis of smart organic conjugated materials and pharmaceuticals were examined in a series of transformations. Conjugated polyacetylenic polymers with morphology control have been prepared by incorporation of the HMF core.
Construct a gene‐to‐metabolite network to screen the key genes of triterpene saponin biosynthetic pathway in Panax notoginseng
Authors: Wang Ning , Wang Long , Qi Lianwen , Lu Xu 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTriterpene saponins are main active constituents of Panax notoginseng. Metabolites profiling of 12 triterpene saponins was analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry in leaf, petiole, and root extracts of P. notoginseng. Most of the 20(S)‐protopanaxatriol (PPT) type saponins, except ginsenoside Re, were mainly distributed in roots, while 20(S)‐protopanaxadiol (PPD) type saponins were detected among various tissues. The total content of PPD‐type saponins decreased in the order of leaf, petiole, and root. The expression patterns of four key genes (PnFPS, PnSQS, PnDS, and PnSE) in the triterpene saponin biosynthetic pathway were measured by real‐time quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR). All the four investigated genes showed high expression levels in leaf. A gene‐to‐metabolite network was constructed through canonical correlation analysis. The results indicated that the expression levels of PnFPS, PnSQS, PnDS, and PnSE had high correlation with PPD‐type saponins ginsenoside Rb2, Rb3, and Rc, while PnSQS was also highly correlated with Rb1. Combining metabolic profiling, RT‐qPCR, and gene‐to‐metabolite network, we inferred that the leaf of P. notoginseng was the main biosynthesis site of PPD‐type saponins Rb2, Rb3, and Rc. The contribution to the biosynthesis of ginsenosides Rb2, Rb3, and Rc was in the order of PnSE > PnDS > PnSQS > PnFPS. PnSE and PnDS should be the preferred targets to regulate the production of PPD‐type saponins Rb2, Rb3, and Rc in P. notoginseng by plant metabolic engineering.
An Efficient Glycoblotting‐Based Analysis of Oxidized Lipids in Liposomes and a Lipoprotein
Authors: Furukawa Takayuki , Hinou Hiroshi , Takeda Seiji , Chiba Hitoshi , Nishimura Shin‐Ichiro , Hui Shu‐Ping 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAlthough widely occurring lipid oxidation, which is triggered by reactive oxygen species (ROS), produces a variety of oxidized lipids, practical methods to efficiently analyze oxidized lipids remain elusive. Herein, it is shown that the glycoblotting platform can be used to analyze oxidized lipids. Analysis is based on the principle that lipid aldehydes, one of the oxidized lipid species, can be captured selectively, enriched, and detected. Moreover, 3‐methyl‐1‐p‐tolyltriazene (MTT) methylates phosphoric and carboxylic acids, and this MTT‐mediated methylation is, in combination with conventional tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis, an effective method for the structural analysis of oxidized lipids. By using three classes of standards, liposomes, and a lipoprotein, it is demonstrated that glycoblotting represents a powerful approach for focused lipidomics, even in complex macromolecules.
CoO@N‐Doped Carbon Composite Nanotubes as Excellent Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ren Manman , Li Fanyan , Liu Weiliang , Li Mei , Li Guangda , Hei Jinpei , Su Liwei , Wang Lianzhou 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this work, we report the successful fabrication a new type of CoO@N‐doped carbon matrix composite nanotubes (CoO@NC Ntm) using Co(CO3)0.5(OH)⋅0.11H2O needlelike nanorods as the self‐sacrifice templates and polypyrrole as carbon and nitrogen sources. The preparation process is facile and efficient. CoO nanoparticles are homogeneously embedded in the N‐doped carbon nanotube matrix. Combining the benefits of the N‐doped carbon matrix and the special architecture, CoO@NC Ntm delivers a superior long‐term cycling stability and high‐rate performance as the anode material for lithium‐ion batteries. Even when tested at a higher current density of 2000 mA g−1, a reversible capacity of 523.4 mAh g−1 can be retained after 1000 cycles, with capacity retention of almost 100 % from 2 to 1000 cycles. This work may shed light on the fabrication of other oxide materials @N‐doped carbon matrix composites for energy‐storage applications.
Cooperative and Reversible Anisotropic Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles by Modulation of Noncovalent Interparticle Interactions
Authors: Gentili Denis , Ori Guido , Ortolani Luca , Morandi Vittorio , Cavallini Massimiliano 
Published: August 2017

AbstractControlled and reversible anisotropic self‐assembly of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) is achieved by ligand exchange with concentrations of ligand below that needed for their complete capping, that is, using substoichiometric ligand coverages. A thoughtful rationale of the ligand chemical structure and control over exchange conditions have been pursued to foster a reversible process grounded on the cooperative balance between attractive, and repulsive interactions. The gradual replacement of the electrostatic and steric repulsions between the GNPs with attractive dipolar interactions and enhanced steric repulsions is accomplished by ligand exchange with an oligo (ethylene glycol) alkanethiol. The modulation of interparticle interactions is driven by the extent of ligand substitution and allows the reversible assembly of nanoparticles and tuning of their optical properties.
Formation of Layer‐by‐Layer Assembled Cocatalyst Films of S2−‐Stabilized Ni3S4 Nanoparticles for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Kim Sungwon , Nishino Toshio , Saruyama Masaki , Sakamoto Masanori , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Akiyama Seiji , Yamada Taro , Domen Kazunari , Teranishi Toshiharu 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIt remains challenging to develop alternatives, based on widely abundant elements, to highly active Pt catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction. Metal sulfide nanoparticles (NPs) are potential candidates for such catalysts because of their metallic features and intrinsic high surface area; however, their poor electrocatalytic activity, owing to the presence of surface ligands, is an obstacle to practical use. Here we report the selective synthesis of oleylamine (OAm)‐stabilized Ni3S4 (Ni3S4/OAm) NPs. The insulating ligands were exchanged with S2− and loaded on electrodes by a layer‐by‐layer (LbL) assembly method with metal cation linkers. The enhanced catalytic properties were confirmed by electrochemical measurements. A LbL assembled film with Ni2+ as a linker (11 cycles) showed an overpotential of 555 mV@‐4 mA cm−2 at pH 6.8 and a stable current density for 12 h. In addition, when this LbL assembly method was applied to a CdS/Cu(In,Ga)Se2 photocatalyst electrode, the resulting photoelectrode showed an enhanced photocurrent compared with that of the Ni3S4/OAm NPs‐spin coated and bare photoelectrodes. These results indicate the versatility of LbL assembly for fabrication of ligand‐free NP electrocatalyst films.
Conversion of tars on solid oxide fuel cell anodes and its impact on voltages and current densities
Authors: Herrmann Tobias , Dillig Marius , Hauth Martin , Karl Jürgen 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper focuses on tar conversion on solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anodes and its consequences for operation performance and degradation issues. Based on an extensive literature review it discusses the chemical behavior of tar species in typical gas environments/operation conditions at the Nickel anode and describes an experimental investigation methodology. A numerical 1‐D discretized cell model is developed that represents global tar conversion kinetics on SOFC anodes based on an Arrhenius power law approach. This permits the determination of the apparent kinetic rate constants based on simple OCV measurements at cells operated on tar‐laden gases. The approach is applied and verified with measurement data from literature. Resulting conversion rate constants varied with the investigated tar species (naphthalene, toluene) and the operation temperature (800–900°C) in the range 0.1–1.04 mol/sec/m2/bar. The results showed good consistency within varying tar concentration levels and with FID measurement in the off gas of the SOFC anodes.
Use of stable isotopes to understand run‐off generation processes in theRedRiverDelta
Authors: Trinh Duc Anh , Luu Minh Thi Nguyet , Le Quynh Thi Phuong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper presents the use of stable isotopes of water for hydrological characterization and flow component partitioning in the Red River Delta (RRD), the downstream section of the Red River. Water samples were collected monthly during 2015 from the mainstream section of the river and its right bank tributaries flowing through the RRD. In general, δ18O and δ2H river signatures were depleted in summer–autumn (May–October) and elevated in winter–spring (November–April), displaying seasonal variation in response to regional monsoon air mass contest. The Pacific equatorial–maritime air mass dominates in summer and the northern Asia continental air mass controls in winter. Results show that water of the RRD tributaries stems solely from local sources and is completely separated from water arriving from upstream subbasins. This separation is due to the extensive management of the RRD (e.g., dykes and dams) for the purposes of irrigation and inundation prevention. Mainstream river section δ18O and δ2H compositions range from −10.58 and −73.74‰ to −6.80 and −43.40‰, respectively, and the corresponding ranges inside the RRD were from −9.35 and −64.27‰ to −2.09 and −15.80‰. A combination of data analysis and hydrological simulation confirms the role of upstream hydropower reservoirs in retaining and mixing upstream water. River water inside the RRD experienced strong evaporation characterized by depleted d‐excess values, becoming negative in summer. On the other hand, the main stream of the Red River has d‐excess values around 10‰, indicating moderate evaporation. Hydrograph separation shows that in upstream subbasins, the groundwater fraction dominates the river flow composition, especially during low flow regimes. Inside the RRD, the river receives groundwater during the dry season, whereas groundwater replenishment occurs in the rainy season. Annual evaporation obtained from this hydrograph separation computation was about 6.3% of catchment discharge, the same order as deduced from the difference between subbasin precipitation and discharge values. This study shows the necessity to re‐evaluate empirical approaches in large river hydrology assessment schemes, especially in the context of climate change.
Gelatinized‐core liposomes: Toward a more robust carrier for hydrophilic molecules
Authors: Hathout Rania M. , Gad Heba A. , Metwally Abdelkader A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe use of liposomes as a delivery system for hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs is well recognized. However, they possess several limitations that remained unresolved, including stability problems, low entrapment of the hydrophilic drugs, and the subsequent rapid release. This study introduces a novel approach to incorporate gelatin in the liposomal core to overcome these limitations. A rheological study was conducted to select suitable masses of the gelatin used in the liposomal formulations. Moreover, a full‐factorial experimental design was utilized to compare the newly produced gel–core liposomes to the conventional liposomes with respect to the amount of a model hydrophilic molecule loading. An advanced machine learning method, namely, artificial neural networks was utilized to capture the effects of gelatin and cholesterol incorporation in the liposomes on the entrapment efficiency. The results revealed the successful preparation of the novel vesicles and their superiority over the conventional liposomes in drug loading, sustaining the drug release and stability which pose the newly introduced liposomal system as a successful delivery carrier for hydrophilic molecules and drugs. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 3086–3092, 2017.
Short and long gap peripheral nerve repair with magnesium metal filaments
Authors: Hopkins Tracy M. , Little Kevin J. , Vennemeyer John J. , Triozzi Jefferson L. , Turgeon Michael K. , Heilman Alexander M. , Minteer D. , Marra K. , Hom David B. , Pixley Sarah K. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA current clinical challenge is to replace autografts for repair of injury gaps in peripheral nerves, which can occur due to trauma or surgical interruption. Biodegradable metallic magnesium filaments, placed inside hollow nerve conduits, could support nerve repair by providing contact guidance support for axonal regeneration. This was tested by repairing sciatic nerves of adult rats with single magnesium filaments placed inside poly(caprolactone) nerve conduits. Controls were empty conduits, conduits containing titanium filaments and/or isografts from donor rats. With a nerve gap of 6 mm and 6 weeks post‐repair, magnesium filaments had partially resorbed. Regenerating cells had attached to the filaments and axons were observed in distal stumps in all animals. Axon parameters were improved with magnesium compared to conduits alone or conduits with single titanium filaments. With a longer gap of 15 mm and 16 weeks post‐repair, functional parameters were improved with isografts, but not with magnesium filaments or empty conduits. Magnesium filaments were completely resorbed and no evidence of scarring was seen. While axon outgrowth was not improved with the longer gap, histological measures of the tissues were improved with magnesium compared to empty conduits. Therefore, the use of magnesium filaments is promising because they are biocompatible and improve aspects of nerve regeneration. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 3148–3158, 2017.
Absence of Effect of Intravaginal Miconazole, Clindamycin, Nonoxynol‐9, and Tampons on the Pharmacokinetics of an Anastrozole/Levonorgestrel Intravaginal Ring
Authors: Nave Rüdiger , Klein Stefan , Müller André , Chang Xinying , Höchel Joachim 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA study was performed to investigate the effect of an intravaginally administered antimycotic, an antibiotic, and a spermicide plus the co‐usage of tampons on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of levonorgestrel (LNG) and anastrozole (ATZ) administered as an intravaginal ring (IVR) releasing 1050 μg ATZ per day and 40 μg LNG per day. In this parallel‐group, randomized, open‐label study, healthy premenopausal women received an IVR as the main treatment. Comedications were administered on 3 consecutive evenings during treatment with IVR on days 9–11 (group A, 400 mg miconazole; group B, 100 mg clindamycin; group C, 75 mg nonoxynol‐9); tampon co‐usage (group D) was performed on days 20–23. The primary PK parameter was the average plasma concentration (Cav,ss) of ATZ and LNG at defined intervals, mainly prior to, during, and up to 7 days after the start of comedication. Fifty‐two subjects were included, and at least 11 subjects per group completed the treatments. Overall, the medications and comedications were safe and well tolerated. Very similar ATZ and LNG plasma levels were observed across all groups. The calculated ratios of Cav,ss confirmed the absence of PK interactions because all relevant point estimates and 90% confidence intervals were within the range of 0.800–1.250, which is typically used in bioequivalence studies. These results demonstrate the absence of PK interactions between ATZ/LNG released from IVR and the tested antibiotic, antimycotic, spermicide, and tampons. Therefore, no restrictions for the use of the IVR are needed to continue the clinical program intended to treat endometriosis symptoms.
N370S‐GBA1 mutation causes lysosomal cholesterol accumulation in Parkinson's disease
Authors: García‐Sanz Patricia , Orgaz Lorena , Bueno‐Gil Guillermo , Espadas Isabel , Rodríguez‐Traver Eva , Kulisevsky Jaime , Gutierrez Antonia , Dávila José C. , González‐Polo Rosa A. , Fuentes José M. , Mir Pablo , Vicario Carlos , Moratalla Rosario 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundHeterozygous mutations in the GBA1 gene, which encodes the lysosomal enzyme β‐glucocerebrosidase‐1, increase the risk of developing Parkinson's disease, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of the N370S‐GBA1 mutation on cellular homeostasis and vulnerability in a patient‐specific cellular model of PD.MethodsWe isolated fibroblasts from 4 PD patients carrying the N370S/wild type GBA1 mutation and 6 controls to study the autophagy‐lysosome pathway, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and Golgi apparatus structure by Western blot, immunofluorescence, LysoTracker and Filipin stainings, mRNA analysis, and electron microscopy. We evaluated cell vulnerability by apoptosis, reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane potential with flow cytometry.ResultsThe N370S mutation produced a significant reduction in β‐glucocerebrosidase‐1 protein and enzyme activity and β‐glucocerebrosidase‐1 retention within the endoplasmic reticulum, which interrupted its traffic to the lysosome. This led to endoplasmic reticulum stress activation and triggered unfolded protein response and Golgi apparatus fragmentation. Furthermore, these alterations resulted in autophagosome and p62/SQSTM1 accumulation. This impaired autophagy was a result of dysfunctional lysosomes, indicated by multilamellar body accumulation probably caused by increased cholesterol, enlarged lysosomal mass, and reduced enzyme activity. This phenotype impaired the removal of damaged mitochondria and reactive oxygen species production and enhanced cell death.ConclusionsOur results support a connection between the loss of β‐glucocerebrosidase‐1 function, cholesterol accumulation, and the disruption of cellular homeostasis in GBA1‐PD. Our work reveals new insights into the cellular pathways underlying PD pathogenesis, providing evidence that GBA1‐PD shares common features with lipid‐storage diseases. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Insurance coverage decisions for pediatric proton therapy
Authors: Ojerholm Eric , Hill‐Kayser Christine E. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractProton beam therapy (PBT) holds promise for pediatric patients, but level 1 evidence is not available. In this context, we examined insurance coverage decisions at our facility from 2010 to 2015. PBT was initially denied for 11% of pediatric cases. However, nearly all denials were overturned on appeal—a process that often delayed care by more than a week. Despite unfavorable language in coverage policies, real‐world decisions were eventual approval in >99% of cases. Payers appear to have largely accepted the current level‐of‐evidence for pediatric PBT, but all parties spend significant time and resources on appeals. Streamlined approval processes could align incentives among stakeholders.
Propylene polymerization reactions with supported Ziegler–Natta catalysts: Observing polymer material produced by a single active center
Authors: Kissin Yury V. , Marin Vladimir P. , Nelson Patricia J. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTMedium‐ and high‐resolution SEM analysis of several Ti‐based MgCl2‐supported Ziegler–Natta catalysts and isotactic polypropylene produced with them is carried out. Each catalyst particle, 35–55 μ in size, produces one polymer particle with an average size of 1.5–2 mm, which replicates the shape of the catalyst particle. Polymer particles contain two distinct morphological features. The larger of them are globules with Dav ∼400 nm; from 1 to 2 × 1011 globules per particle. Each globule represents the combined polymer output of a single active center. The globules consist of ∼2500 microglobules with an average size of ∼20 nm. The microglobules contain several folded polymer molecules; they are the smallest thermodynamically stable macromolecular ensembles in propylene polymerization reactions. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 3832–3841
Ultraviolet–Visible Chiroptical Activity of Aluminum Nanostructures
Authors: Liu Junjun , Yang Lin , Zhang Han , Wang Jianfang , Huang Zhifeng 
Published: August 2017

AbstractUltraviolet (UV)‐resonant metals (e.g., aluminum) typically have low melting point to cause a fabrication difficulty in helical sculpture to generate plasmons with chiroptical activity in the UV region. In this work, using glancing angle deposition (GLAD), two new methods are devised to generate crystalline chiral Al nanostructures that have stable chiroptical response in the UV–visible region originating from intrinsic helical structures. One approach involves fast substrate rotation during GLAD to fabricate Al nanoparticles (AlNPs) with hidden helicity; another is to deposit an achiral Al thin film on a host of plasmonic chiral NPs, such that the helical structures are duplicated from the chiral host to the achiral guest of Al nanocappings. The host@guest helicity duplication is a new GLAD methodology to generate chiroptically active plasmons, which can be generally adapted to diverse plasmonic metals for tailoring plasmonic chiroptical activity flexibly in the UV–visible region. More importantly, this work offers those two new methods to generate UV‐active plasmonic chiral substrates, which can markedly enhance chiroptical activity of biomolecules. It would open a door to develop surface‐enhanced chiroptical spectroscopies for sensitively monitoring stereobiochemical information, which is of prominent interest in understanding a wide range of homochirality‐determined biological phenomena.
Modal superposition according to EC8
Authors: Ummenhofer Thomas , Knödel Peter 
Published: August 2017

AbstractFrau Univ.‐Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Ulrike Kuhlmann zur Vollendung ihres 60. Lebensjahres gewidmetModale Überlagerung nach EC8.Nach EC8‐1 ist modale Überlagerung anzuwenden, wenn die Kriterien für Regelmäßigkeit nicht eingehalten sind. Die Ersatzkraftmethode darf dann nicht mehr angewendet werden. Nach einer „gilt als erfüllt Regel” hängt die Anzahl der zu berücksichtigenden Moden von der Summe der modalen Masse und von der individuellen modalen Masse einer Mode ab. Dabei ist „modale Masse” innerhalb des EC8‐1 nicht klar definiert. In der Fachliteratur werden ähnliche, aber unterschiedliche Größen mit ähnlichen Begriffen bezeichnet. Im vorliegenden Artikel wird ein einfacher, zweigeschossiger, unausgesteifter Rahmen untersucht. Die Ergebnisse erlauben Schlussfolgerungen, die dem Tragwerksplaner dabei helfen können, höhere Moden sowie Torsionsmoden außer Acht zu lassen.