bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of cardiac energy turnover by cytoplasmic phosphates: 31P-NMR study
Authors: Kupriyanov V. V. , Lakomkin V. L. , Korchazhkina O. V. , Steinschneider A. Ya. , Kapelko V. I. , Saks V. A. 
Published: December 2017

Energy flux, estimated from the cardiac work index (pressure-rate product) and the rate of oxygen consumption, was varied in different ways; and the free concentrations of cytosolic phosphates were detected by the31P-nuclear magnetic resonance method. A reversible decrease in phosphocreatine (PCr) and concomitant increase in [ADP] at nearly constant Pi were induced by 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) treatment and its subsequent washout and were followed by a reversible suppression of pressure-rate product and elevation of end-diastolic pressure. 2-DG treatment also resulted in an irreversible and severe reduction of the cytosolic adenine nucleotide pool (to approximately one-third of control value) that did not recover during 2-DG washout. Reduction of the energy turnover rate, either by suppression of the PCr shuttle with iodoacetamide or by inhibition of the respiratory chain with amytal, was associated with a drop of PCr level, an elevation of both [ADP] and [Pi], and a rise of end-diastolic pressure. In contrast, a decrease in energy flux by reduction of perfusate Ca2+ led to a PCr rise and a fall in [ADP] and [Pi]. Most of these experimental groups were exposed to two types of loads, isoproterenol stimulation and coronary flow (CF) elevation. Iodoacetamide-treated hearts showed a poor mechanical response to both types of loads compared with other groups. The metabolic response to isoproterenol was uniform in all groups and was associated with some decrease in PCr and increase of [ADP] and [Pi], implying limitations in the respiratory chain. In contrast, activation of energy flux by a CF rise in control and amytal-inhibited hearts did not affect the concentrations of PCr, ADP, and Pi. Thus cytosolic phosphates can serve as a feedback signal for energy production and utilization when the single control point is located in oxidative phosphorylation pathway or contractile system. If control of energy metabolism is equally distributed among producing and utilizing systems (CF variation), other regulatory mechanisms seem to be involved, e.g., cytosolic [Ca2+]. contraction-relaxation; creatine kinase; cytosolic phosphates; isolated rat heart; oxygen consumption
Targeting of macromolecular carriers and liposomes by antibodies to myosin heavy chain
Authors: Klibanov Alexander L. , Khaw Ban An , Nossiff Naseem , O'Donnell Sean M. , Huang Leaf , Slinkin Mikhail A. , Torchilin Vladimir P. 
Published: December 2017

Macromolecular carriers and liposomes were covalently coupled to monoclonal antibodies against cardiac myosin heavy chain. Deferoxamine-modified polymers bound tightly with 67Ga and68 Ga radioisotopes. Ternary deferoxamine-polylysine antibody conjugates specifically targeted the radioisotopes to a myosin-coated microplate. Scatchard analysis revealed a high affinity of the conjugate for the target with a Kas of ≈108 M-1. Liposomes that contained immobilized antimyosin antibodies were targeted specifically to the myosin-coated plate. Additional coating of these liposomes with polyethylene glycol reduced specific binding to the target in vitro. However, because of the presence of polyethylene glycol on the surface of liposomes, these liposomes had a long half-life and slowly cleared from the bloodstream after intravenous injection. These immunoliposomes showed up to 16- to 18-fold specific localization to the necrotic areas of the myocardium in rabbits with experimental infarction. antimyosin; chelating polymer; liposome; monoclonal antibody; myocardial infarction; radioimmunoimaging
Phenotypic changes of human aortic smooth muscle cells during development and in the adult vessel
Authors: Glukhova Marina A. , Frid Maria G. , Koteliansky Victor E. 
Published: December 2017

To characterize phenotypic expression of human aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs), we have studied the content of cytodifferentiation-related cytoskeletal proteins, and of fibronectin (FN) variants in the samples of media from the fetal, child, and adult aorta and in the subendothelial intima of the normal and atherosclerotic aorta. Mature SMCs from the adult aortic media contained high amounts of agr-SM-actin, SM-myosin heavy chains, meta-vinculin, and 150 kDa caldesmon. Cytokeratin 8 and extra domain-containing variants of FN (A-FN and B-FN) were not found in these cells. The SMCs from the aortic media of 10-wk-old fetus contained low amounts of the SM markers, expressed cytokeratin 8, A-FN, and B-FN. In 25-wk-old fetus, as well as in 2- and 6-mo-old child, aortic medial SMCs expressed an intermediate phenotype, and only in 18-mo-old child were the cells found to be similar to those from adult media. SMCs from the normal adult subendothelial intima contained reduced amounts of meta-vinculin and of 150 kDa caldesmon, and they expressed A-FN. In addition, the SMCs from atherosclerotic fibrous plaque contained a decreased proportion of agr-SM-actin and of SM-myosin heavy chains, whereas cytokeratin 8 was found. Therefore we conclude that the SMCs from intimal thickenings appear to express a less mature phenotype than that of the medial cells from adult aorta. Rather, these SMCs contain reduced amounts of the SM markers and express proteins typical of the fetal SMC phenotype, A-FN and cytokeratin 8. cytodifferentiation; cytoskeletal proteins; fibronectin variant forms
Free radical metabolites in myocardium during ischemia and reperfusion
Authors: Ruuge Enno K. , Ledenev Alexander N. , Lakomkin Vladimir L. , Konstantinov Alexander A. , Ksenzenko Marina Yu. 
Published: December 2017

Low-temperature electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and spin traps were used to measure paramagnetic species generation in rat hearts and isolated mitochondria. The hearts were freeze-clamped at 77 K during control perfusion by the Langendorff procedure, after 20–30 min of normothermic ischemia or 10–30 s of reperfusion with oxygenated perfusate. All EPR spectra measured at 4.5–50 K exhibited signals of both mitochondrial free radical centers and FeS proteins. The analysis of spectral parameters measured at 243 K showed that free radicals in heart tissue were semiquinones of coenzyme Q10 and flavins. The appearance of a typical “doublet” signal at g = 1.99 in low-temperature spectra indicated that a part of ubisemiquinones formed a complex with a high potential FeS protein of succinate dehydrogenase. Ischemia decreased the free radical species in myocardium ≈50%; the initiation of reflow of perfusate resulted in quick increase of the EPR signal. Mitochondria isolated from hearts during control perfusion and after 20–30 min of ischemia were able to produce superoxide radicals in both the NADH-coenzyme Q10 reductase and the bc1 segments of the respiratory chain. The rate of oxyradical generation was significantly higher in mitochondria isolated from ischemic heart. electron paramagnetic resonance; oxygen paradox; oxyradicals; rat heart; semiquinones
Formation of alveoli in rats: postnatal effect of prenatal dexamethasone
Authors: Massaro Gloria D. , Massaro Donald 
Published: December 2017

Pages L37–L41: Gloria D. Massaro and Donald Massaro. “Formation of alveoli in rats: postnatal effect of prenatal dexamethasone.” Page L39: In Table 7 the values for the number of saccules or alveoli per rat should be x 10-6, not x 106. The corrected table appears below. (See PDF)
Rapid redistribution and inhibition of renal sodium transporters during acute pressure natriuresis
Authors: Zhang Y. , Mircheff A. K. , Hensley C. B. , Magyar C. E. , Warnock D. G. , Chambrey R. , Yip K. -P. , Marsh D. J. , Holstein-Rathlou N. -H. , McDonough A. A. 
Published: December 2017

Pages F1004'F1014: Y. Zhang, A. K. Mircheff, C. B. Hensley, C. E. Magyar, D. G. Warnock, R. Chambrey, K.-P. Yip, D. J. Marsh, N.-H. Holstein-Rathlou, and A. A. McDonough. “Rapid redistribution and inhibition of renal sodium transporters during acute pressure natriuresis.” The immunoblot panels in Figures 2 and 5–7 were inadvertently printed from low-resolution copies of the original artwork; in addition, the panels in Fig. 6 were incorrectly labeled. The correct figures are reproduced on the following pages. (See PDF)
Acute Coronary Syndrome: The Risk to Young Women
Authors: Ricci Beatrice , Cenko Edina , Vasiljevic Zorana , Stankovic Goran , Kedev Sasko , Kalpak Oliver , Vavlukis Marija , Zdravkovic Marija , Hinic Sasa , Milicic Davor , Manfrini Olivia , Badimon Lina , Bugiardini Raffaele 
Published: December 2017

Background

Although acute coronary syndrome (
ACS
) mainly occurs in patients >50 years, younger patients can be affected as well. We used an age cutoff of 45 years to investigate clinical characteristics and outcomes of “young” patients with
ACS
.

Methods and Results

Between October 2010 and April 2016, 14 931 patients with ACS were enrolled in the ISACS‐TC (International Survey of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Transitional Countries) registry. Of these patients, 1182 (8%) were aged ≤45 years (mean age, 40.3 years; 15.8% were women). The primary end point was 30‐day all‐cause mortality. Percentage diameter stenosis of ≤50% was defined as insignificant coronary disease. ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction was the most common clinical manifestation of
ACS
in the young cases (68% versus 59.6%). Young patients had a higher incidence of insignificant coronary artery disease (11.4% versus 10.1%) and lesser extent of significant disease (single vessel, 62.7% versus 46.6%). The incidence of 30‐day death was 1.3% versus 6.9% for the young and older patients, respectively. After correction for baseline and clinical differences, age ≤45 years was a predictor of survival in men (odds ratio, 0.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.10–0.58), but not in women (odds ratio, 1.35; 95% confidence interval, 0.50–3.62). This pattern of reversed risk among sexes held true after multivariable correction for in‐hospital medications and reperfusion therapy. Moreover, younger women had worse outcomes than men of a similar age (odds ratio, 6.03; 95% confidence interval, 2.07–17.53).

Conclusion

ACS
at a young age is characterized by less severe coronary disease and high prevalence of ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction. Women have higher mortality than men. Young age is an independent predictor of lower 30‐day mortality in men, but not in women.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL:
http://clinicaltrials.gov/
. Unique identifier: NCT01218776.
Implementation of school health literacy in Australia: A systematic review
Authors: Peralta Louisa R , Rowling Louise 
Published: December 2017

Background: The development of adolescent health literacy through school-based programmes is attracting international interest. However, there exist competing definitions, models and understandings of how these programmes should be conceptualised, implemented and evaluated. Australian Curriculum documents such as those relating to health and physical education currently focus on health literacy both in terms of learning outcomes and subject matter. Objective: This paper presents an evidence-informed framework for planning, implementing and evaluating health literacy school-based programmes and determining whether current Australian school-based health literacy programmes meet these guidelines. Methods: A systematic review was undertaken of PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ERIC, ScienceDirect and the A+ Education databases. We included articles that had been published online or in print between 2010 and February 2017. We set limits on the earliest publication date to ensure we included those programmes designed to align with the health and physical education component of the Australian Curriculum and focused on health literacy outcomes. Results: Three studies were identified from a pool of 623 records. Two of the three studies had mental health literacy as the primary outcome. The third study more qualitatively assessed teachers’ and students’ perceptions of health literacy learning and whether these might have an impact on further health behaviour. Only one of the studies met the evidence-informed criteria. Conclusion: Recommendations are made for future school-based adolescent health literacy programmes. Producing an evidence-informed framework for enhancing adolescent health literacy through school-based programmes may enhance the future planning, implementation and assessment of adolescent health literacy in Australian secondary schools.
Sectarianism as a Factor Shaping Persian Gulf Security
Authors: Grabowski Wojciech 
Published: December 2017

Sectarian tensions in the West Asia have exacerbated with a new power and remain a vital factor influencing relations between Muslim states. In Persian Gulf, sectarianism as a tool used by states comes from Muslim fragmentation into Sunni and Shia branches and is expressed in a hostility towards the opposite group. In reality, this hostility is usually exploited by authoritarian states to reach their goals and interests at the expense of weak or failed states by meddling into their affairs. At the domestic level of the Arab Persian Gulf states, sectarianism is used to maintain domestic regime stability and control internal (Shia) opposition. States are convincing their own societies that Shiite demands and unrests pose a threat for the regime security so the state has a right and duty to undertake sophisticated measures to ensure order. The aim of the article is to show the different dimensions of sectarianism in the Persian Gulf, both on an internal and external level. The article will show how the mechanism of using sectarianism for the state purposes works.
Hypoxia as an independent predictor of adverse outcomes in pulmonary embolism
Authors: Subramanian Muthiah , Ramadurai Srinivasan , Arthur Preetam , Gopalan Sowmya 
Published: December 2017

Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the computed tomography pulmonary artery obstruction index and parameters of functional lung impairment in acute pulmonary embolism, and establish the value of these parameters in prognosticating right ventricular dysfunction and 30-day mortality. Methods This study included 322 consecutive patients (mean age 45.6 ± 13.2 years, 46.9% male) with acute pulmonary embolism, free of other cardiopulmonary disease, who underwent computed tomography pulmonary angiography. Correlations of arterial CO2, O2, and alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient with the computed tomography pulmonary artery obstruction index, measured using the Qanadli score, were analyzed. Logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of right ventricular dysfunction and 30-day mortality. Results Of the 322 patients, 196 (60.9%) had right ventricular dysfunction, and 58 (18.0%) died within 30 days. The pulmonary artery obstruction index had a significant correlation with partial pressures of arterial O2 ( r = −0.887, p < 0.001) and CO2 ( r = −0.618, p = 0.019) and alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient ( r = +0.874, p < 0.001). Arterial O2 pressure had a good predictive accuracy and discriminative power for both right ventricular dysfunction (sensitivity 80.6%, specificity 85.1%, area under the curve 0.91) and 30-day mortality (sensitivity 77.8%, specificity 82.0%, area under the curve 0.89). Conclusions In patients with acute pulmonary embolism, free of other cardiopulmonary disease, parameters of functional impairment have a strong correlation with computed tomography pulmonary artery obstruction index. Hypoxia is an independent predictor of both right ventricular dysfunction and 30-day mortality in these patients.
Using population-based routinely collected data from the Sentinel Stroke National Audit Programme to investigate factors associated with discharge to care home after rehabilitation
Authors: Dutta Dipankar , Thornton Daniel , Bowen Emily 
Published: December 2017

Objectives: We investigated factors associated with Care Home (CH) discharge following stroke using routinely collected data in unselected patients and assessed the relevance of previous research findings to such patients seen in routine clinical practice. Design: Retrospective analysis of data from the Sentinel Stroke National Audit Programme using univariate analysis and logistic regression. Setting: A large acute and rehabilitation UK stroke unit with access to early supported discharge. Subjects: All patients with stroke treated from 1 January 2014 to 1 January 2017. Main measures: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Results: Of 2584 patients (median age 78 years, interquartile range (IQR) 69–86; 50.6% male; 86.7% infarcts; median admission NIHSS 4, IQR 2–9), 401 (15.5%) died in hospital and 203 patients (7.9%) were permanently discharged to CH for the first time. Most had pre-discharge mRS scores of 4/5. Factors (odds ratios; 95% confidence intervals) associated with CH discharge included age (1.07; 1.05–1.10), incontinence (11.5; 7.13–19.25), dysphagia (2.13; 1.39–3.29), severe weakness (1.93; 1.28–2.92), pneumonia (1.68; 1.13–2.50), urinary tract infection (UTI) (1.70; 1.04–2.75) and depression (1.65; 1.00–2.72). In a subgroup of all patients with a pre-discharge mRS of 4/5, age (1.04; 1.02–1.06), incontinence (4.87; 2.39–11.02), UTI (2.0; 1.09–3.71) and pneumonia (1.59; 1.02–2.50) were the only factors associated with CH discharge. Conclusion: Potentially modifiable variables like incontinence, UTI and pneumonia were associated with CH discharge, particularly in the severely disabled.
Training Teachers to Teach Epidemiology in Middle and High Schools
Authors: St. George Diane Marie M. , Chukhina Margarita , Kaelin Mark A. 
Published: December 2017

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of a workshop which was designed to prepare teachers to teach epidemiology to middle and high school students. Methods The workshop introduced the fundamental enduring understandings of epidemiology as well as a pedagogical framework for teaching it. Using an online questionnaire and telephone interviews, we assessed post-workshop outcomes. Results The majority (80%) of workshop alumni had taught epidemiology with the most common approach (52%) being the inclusion of epidemiologic concepts into other courses. Teachers felt that learning epidemiology was a valuable experience for their students and reported that students found it engaging and relevant to their lives. Conclusions These preliminary findings suggest that there may be benefit to teaching epidemiology in middle and high schools. Further research should directly evaluate public health-related outcomes among students, such as improvements in health literacy and health behavior.
A Survey of English Sixth Formers' Knowledge of Early Brain Development
Authors: Nolan Mary 
Published: December 2017

Objectives To ascertain the knowledge of young people aged 16 to 19 of early brain development and their attitudes towards the care of babies and preschool children. Design Cross-sectional, school- and college-based survey including all sixth form students present on the days of data collection. The survey instrument comprised forced-choice questions in four sections: Demographics, Perceptions and Understanding of Early Childhood Development, Parental Behaviors to Support Early Brain development, and Resource Needs and Usage. Setting Two sixth form schools and one sixth form college in three towns of varying affluence in the West Midlands of the United Kingdom. Method The survey was mounted online and completed by 905 students who returned it directly to the researcher. Results Most students knew that tobacco, alcohol, and drugs are hazardous in pregnancy, and many recognized the impact of maternal stress on fetal brain development. Many believed that babies can be “spoiled” and did not appreciate the importance of reading to babies and of the relationship between play and early brain development. A significant minority thought that physical activity and a healthy diet have little impact on young children's development. Respondents said they would turn firstly to their parents for advice on baby care rather than professionals. Conclusion Young people need educating about parenting activities that support the all-round healthy development of infants. The importance of a healthy diet, physical activity, reading, and play should be included in sixth form curricula and antenatal classes. Consideration should be given to educating grandparents because of their influence on new parents.
Making a Case for Formal School-Based Oral Health Promotion: Oral Health Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Pupils in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Lawal Folake B. , Taiwo Juliana O. 
Published: December 2017

Background Providing evidence for institution of school-based oral health promotion programs is paramount in developing countries, due to increasing unmet dental needs impacting on quality of life of children. Aim To evaluate oral health knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of pupils in a country lacking formal school oral health promotion. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,297 pupils in randomly selected primary schools in one city. Information on oral health KAP were obtained using interviewer-administered questionnaire. Responses to questions were graded, standardized, and data analyzed using SPSS. Results The mean age was 10.6 (±1.7) years. Mean KAP percentage scores were 18.1 (±5.0)%, 18.3 (±4.9)%, and 17.3 (±12.8)%, respectively. Older age, male gender, and previous dental consultations were significantly associated with higher KAP scores. Those who had been educated informally about oral health had higher mean KAP scores ( p = .013, p < .001, and p < .001, respectively). Previous oral health education and consultation with dentists were significant predictors of higher oral health practice scores. Conclusion Poor oral health KAP exists among the pupils. Those who had consulted the dentist or had oral health education had better KAP. These findings reinforce the need for formal school-based oral health promotion.
Increased diffusion and decreased perfusion in epiphyses of femoral heads detected via intravoxel incoherent motion after closed reduction in children with developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Meng Xiang Hong , Zhang Xue Ning , Wang Zhi , Yang Jian Ping , Zhang Zhong Li , Xia Shuang 
Published: December 2017

Background Patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) may have decreased blood supply to the femoral heads. Finding a non-invasive method to evaluate whether the femoral heads in patients with DDH are ischemic is paramount for orthopedic surgeons. Purpose To identify whether parameters reflecting perfusion and diffusion in intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) sequences can be used to assess ischemia in femoral heads in patients with DDH after closed reduction. Material and Methods Twenty-eight patients with DDH who had undergone closed reduction were enrolled. IVIM data were acquired using a 3-T magnetic resonance scanner, regions of interest were placed on the epiphyses; ADCslow, ADCfast, f, and ADCfast×f were measured. A Mann–Whitney U test was performed to compare ADCslow, ADCfast, f, and ADCfast×f between the lesion and control sides. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated with respective cut-off values. The lesion sides were classified based on the International Hip Dysplasia Institute (IHDI) classification. ADCslow, ADCfast, f, and ADCfast×f were compared among the groups. Results ADCslow was higher and ADCfast, f, and ADCfast×f were lower on the lesion sides ( P = 0.000–0.002). The optimal cut-off value for ADCfast×f, ADCfast, ADCslow, and f were 0.030, 0.626, 0.000251, and 0.636, respectively. Higher IHDI classification scores on the lesion side were associated with lower ADCfast, f, and ADCfast×f, and higher ADCslow values. Conclusion IVIM is a promising method to investigate the perfusion and diffusion of epiphyses of femoral heads.