bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial Activity and pH of Calcium Hydroxide and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Intracanal Medication and Association with Chlorhexidine
Authors: Tanomaru-Filho Mario , Guerreiro-Tanomaru Juliane M , Faria Gisele , Aguiar Alana Souza , Leonardo Renato Toledo 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTAimTo evaluate pH and antibacterial activity of pastes with calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] and zinc oxide (ZnO) microparticles (micro) or nanoparticles (nano) and association with 0.4% chlorhexidine againstEnterococcus faecalis.Materials and methodsThe following pastes were analyzed: Ca(OH)2/ZnO micro, (2) Ca(OH)2/ZnO nano, (3) Ca(OH)2/ ZnO micro + 0.4% chlorhexidine, (4) Ca(OH)2/ZnO nano + 0.4% chlorhexidine. Antibacterial activity againstE. faecaliswas evaluated by agar diffusion test. The direct contact test on planktonic cells ofE. faecaliswas performed for 30 and 60 seconds. Root canals from bovine teeth were filled with the pastes and pH was evaluated after 1, 7, 14, 21, 30 and 60 days. The data obtained were submitted to the statistical tests analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey or Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn test, with a 5% significance level.ResultsCalcium hydroxide and zinc oxide nano, and the pastes with 0.4% chlorhexidine were more effective in agar diffusion test. In the direct contact test, the pastes with chlorhexidine showed the highest effect after 30 seconds. All pastes eliminatedE. faecalisafter 60 seconds. All pastes promoted an increase in pH. The highest increase in pH was observed with nanoparticle medications after 1 and 7 days (p < 0.05). After this period, the pastes presented similar pH increase.ConclusionIt was concluded that calcium hydroxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles promoted greater initial alkalinization. The antimicrobial activity of the pastes againstE. faecalisis favored by the association with chlorhexidine.Clinical significanceAlthough nanoparticles of calcium hydroxide and zinc oxide promoted antibacterial effect, the activity againstE. faecalisis favored by association with chlorhexidine.How to cite this articleAguiar AS, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM, Faria G, Leonardo RT, Tanomaru-Filho M. Antimicrobial Activity and pH of Calcium Hydroxide and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Intracanal Medication and Association with Chlorhexidine. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(8):624-629.
Evaluation of Bone Thickness and Density in the Lower Incisors’ Region in Adults with Different Types of Skeletal Malocclusion using Cone-beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Hajeer Mohammad Y , Al-Masri Maram MN , Ajaj Mowaffak A , Al-Eed Muataz S 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo evaluate the bone thickness and density in the lower incisors’ region in orthodontically untreated adults, and to examine any possible relationship between thickness and density in different skeletal patterns using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Materials and methodsThe CBCT records of 48 patients were obtained from the archive of orthodontic department comprising three groups of malocclusion (class I, II and III) with 16 patients in each group. Using OnDemand 3D®software, sagittal sections were made for each lower incisor. Thicknesses and densities were measured at three levels of the root (cervical, middle and apical regions) from the labial and lingual sides. Accuracy and reliability tests were undertaken to assess the intraobserver reliability and to detect systematic error. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to detect significant differences among the three groups of skeletal malocclusion.ResultsApical buccal thickness (ABT) in the four incisors was higher in class II and I patients than in class III patients (p < 0.05). There were significant differences between buccal and lingual surfaces at the apical and middle regions only in class II and III patients. Statistical differences were found between class I and II patients for the cervical buccal density (CBD) and between class II and III patients for apical buccal density (ABD). Relationship between bone thickness and density values ranged from strong at the cervical regions to weak at the apical regions.ConclusionsSagittal skeletal patterns affect apical bone thickness and density at buccal surfaces of the four lower incisors’ roots. Alveolar bone thickness and density increased from the cervical to the apical regions.How to cite this articleAl-Masri MMN, Ajaj MA, Hajeer MY, Al-Eed MS. Evaluation of Bone Thickness and Density in the Lower Incisors’ Region in Adults with Different Types of Skeletal Malocclusion using Cone-beam Computed Tomography. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(8):630-637.
In vivo Evaluation of Proximal Resin Composite Restorations performed using Three Different Matrix Systems
Authors: Tonetto Mateus Rodrigues , Borges Alvaro Henrique , Firoozmand Leily Macedo , Filho Etevaldo Matos Maia , Bandeca Matheus Coelho , Tavarez Rudys Rodolfo De Jesus , Gomes Isabella Azevedo , Mariz Debora Castelo Branco Rios , Kuga Carlos Milton 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective
The aim of this in vivo study was to radiographically evaluate the proximal contour of composite resin restorations performed using different matrix systems.

Materials and methods
Patients with premolars needing class II type resin composite restorations involving the marginal ridge were selected. Thirty premolars were selected and randomly divided into three groups (n = 10 each) to receive restorations using different matrix systems: group 1: metal matrix coupled to a carrier matrix and wood wedge (G1-MMW); group 2: sectioned and precontoured metal matrix and elastic wedge (G2-SME); and group 3: a polyester strip and reflective wedge (G3-PMR). After the restorative procedure, bitewing radiographs were performed and analyzed by three calibrated professionals. The quality of the proximal contact and marginal adaptation of the proximal surfaces was classified as either correct or incorrect (undercontour/overcontour).

Results
The Pearson Chi-square statistical test (α = 5%) revealed a statistically difference between frequencies of correct and incorrect restorations (α2 = 6.787, p < 0.05). The group G2 SME produced a higher frequency of correct proximal contours (90%), while G1-MMW and G3-PMR had a ratio of 40% correct and 60% incorrect contours respectively.

Conclusion
None of the matrix systems was able to prevent the formation of incorrect proximal contours; however, the sectioned and precontoured metal matrix/elastic wedge configuration provided better results as compared to the other groups.

How to cite this article
Gomes IA, Filho EMM, Mariz DCBR, Borges AH, Tonetto MR, Firoozmand LM, Kuga CM, De Jesus RRT, Bandéca MC. In vivo Evaluation of Proximal Resin Composite Restorations performed using Three Different Matrix Systems. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(8):643-647.
An Evaluation of Inter- and Intraobserver Reliability of Conebeam Computed Tomography- and Two Dimensional-based Interpretations of Maxillary Canine Impactions using a Panel of Orthodontically Trained Observers
Authors: Hajeer Mohammad Y , Al-Homsi Hala K 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To assess intra- and interobserver agreement when evaluating maxillary impacted canines using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and two-dimensional (2D) images through a panel of orthodontically trained observers.

Materials and methods
An adult skull with permanent dentition was employed to perform 15 simulated maxillary canine impactions. Two sets of 2D and three-dimensional (3D) radiographic images were acquired. A panel of assessors including 11 PhD and MSc postgraduate orthodontic students evaluated maxillary impacted canines using a standard questionnaire with 11 categorical variables. Kappa (K) statistics as well as Krippendorff's alpha (α) coefficients were used for the analysis of reliability.

Results
A high level of intraobserver agreement was found for both the CBCT- and 2D-based interpretations. The 11 observers demonstrated a higher interobserver agreement for the CBCTbased interpretations than that of the 2D-based interpretations (α = 0.68 and 0.38 respectively). The employed 3D classifications canines was found to be reliable among observers on CBCT images for the labiopalatal position (K = 0.87), mesiodistal position, vertical position, labiopalatal inclination and mesiodistal inclination (α = 0.95, 0.83, 0.84 and 0.92 respectively). The 2D-based interpretations were not in agreement among the 11 observers, except for the mesiodistal position (α = 0.88) and mesiodistal inclination (α = 0.88).

Conclusion
The intraobserver agreement was high for both the 2D- and the CBCT-based interpretations. The interobserver agreement for the CBCT-based interpretations was remarkably higher than that of the 2D-based interpretations. The utilized CBCT-based 3D classifications for the location and inclination of maxillary impacted canines were found reliable among observers.

How to cite this article
Al-Homsi HK, Hajeer MY. An Evaluation of Inter- and Intraobserver Reliability of Cone-beam Computed Tomography- and Two Dimensional-based Interpretations of Maxillary Canine Impactions using a Panel of Orthodontically Trained Observers. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(8):648-656.
San Francisco and the Long 60s
Authors: Hill Sarah 
Published: November 2015

San Francisco and the Long 60s tells the fascinating story of the legacy of popular music in San Francisco between the years 1965-69. It is also a chronicle of the impact this brief cultural flowering has continued to have in the city – and more widely in American culture – right up to the present day. The aim of San Francisco and the Long 60s is to question the standard historical narrative of the time, situating the local popular music of the 1960s in the city’s contemporary artistic and literary cultures: at once visionary and hallucinatory, experimental and traditional, singular and universal. These qualities defined the aesthetic experience of the local culture in the 1960s, and continue to inform the cultural and social life of the Bay Area even fifty years later.
The brief period 1965-69 marks the emergence of the psychedelic counterculture in the Haight-Ashbury neighbourhood, the development of a local musical ‘sound’ into a mainstream international ‘style’, the mythologizing of the Haight-Ashbury as the destination for ‘seekers’ in the Summer of Love, and the ultimate dispersal of the original hippie community to outlying counties in the greater Bay Area and beyond. San Francisco and the Long 60s charts this period with the references to received historical accounts of the time, the musical, visual and literary communications from the counterculture, and retrospective glances from members of the 1960s Haight community via extensive first-hand interviews.
For more information, read Sarah Hill's blog posts here:
http://blogs.cardiff.ac.uk/musicresearch/2014/05/15/san-francisco-and-the-long-60s
http://blogs.cardiff.ac.uk/musicresearch/2014/08/22/city-scale/
http://blogs.cardiff.ac.uk/musicresearch/2015/07/21/fare-thee-well/
Het natuurazijnkartel: beboeting van ‘feitelijk leidinggevenden’ en ‘vereenvoudigde afdoening’
Authors: Swaak Christof , Mennema Jip 
Published: November 2015

Het natuurazijnkartel: beboeting van ‘feitelijk leidinggevenden’ en ‘vereenvoudigde afdoening’
Deze bijdrage gaat in op de ACM-besluiten inzake Burg en Kühne van 25 juli 2015. Met de besluiten deelde ACM boetes uit aan twee producenten van industrieel natuurazijn en vijf van hun medewerkers wegens deelname aan een kartel. In deze bespreking besteden de auteurs aandacht aan (1) de boetes opgelegd aan ‘feitelijk leidinggevenden’ en het impliciete ACM-beleid daaromtrent, (2) de boeteverhoging van 20 procent opgelegd aan een feitelijk leidinggevende, omdat deze zich volgens ACM ten onrechte beriep op zijn zwijgrecht en (3) het nieuwe begrip ‘vereenvoudigde afdoening’, dat in feite neerkomt op een schikking met ACM.
Calculation of tunable type-II band alignments in InAsxSbyP1−
x
−
y/InAs heterojunctions
Authors: Shim Kyurhee 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The energy band gaps of the alloy InAs
x
Sb
y
P1−

x

−

y
are calculated using the correlated function expansion (CFE) technique over the entire composition space x and y, for which the CFE band gap composition contour for the mid-infrared (MIR) spectral region of 2 (0.62)–5 µm (0.25 eV) is presented. The composition dependence of the valence-band maximum (VBM) is obtained using the universal tight binding (UTB) method, and the corresponding conduction-band minimum (CBM) can be computed from the difference between the band gap and the VBM. By organizing the relative positions of the VBM and CBM between the quaternary alloy InAsSbP and the binary compound InAs, the band alignments and band types of InAsSbP/InAs heterojunctions (HJs) along the lattice-matching conditions x and y [i.e., y = 0.311(1 − x)] are determined. It is found that the VBMs of the alloy InAs
x
Sb
y
P1−

x

−

y
are located within the band gap of InAs, whereas the CBMs of the alloy lie outside the band gap of InAs over the entire composition range. This implies that the InAs
x
Sb
y
P1−

x

−

y
/InAs HJs exhibit composition-tunable, type-II (staggered) band alignments. In addition, the conduction-band offset (CBO) and valence-band offset (VBO) of InAsSbP/InAs HJs both present the upward bowing trend, with the CBO curves appearing sharp and the VBO curves appearing smooth.
Adsorption of carbon dioxide by solution-plasma-synthesized heteroatom-doped carbon nanospheres
Authors: Thongwichit Nanthiya , Li Oi Lun Helena , Yaowarat Wattanachai , Saito Nagahiro , Suriyapraphadilok Uthaiporn 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Porous carbon nanospheres (CNSs) synthesized by a plasma-in-liquid technique were applied as an adsorbent for CO2 adsorption. Two different types of aromatic solvents, benzene and pyridine, were used as precursors to generate CNSs. The prepared CNSs were carbonized and then activated with CO2 to obtain carbon materials with a suitable porous structure for CO2 adsorption. To improve CO2 adsorption capacity, activated CNSs were then chemically modified using different approaches of surface treatment, namely, HNO3 oxidation, amination without HNO3 preoxidation, and amination with HNO3 preoxidation. The CO2 adsorption capacities of the samples were investigated at 1 atm and 40 °C using a simultaneous thermal analyzer. It was found that the CO2 adsorption of CNSs was enhanced through the development of textural properties. All of the surface treatment approaches led to the increase in CO2 adsorption capacity of the activated CNSs owing to the presence of nitrogen or oxygen functional groups introduced onto the carbon surface during the treatment.
Determination of dynamical changes in sputtering and retention on bubble-growing tungsten under helium plasma irradiation by binary-collision-approximation-based simulation
Authors: Saito Seiki , Nakamura Hiroaki , Tokitani Masayuki , Sakaue Ryota , Yoshida Kenta 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Binary-collision-approximation-based (BCA) simulation is performed for the investigation of bubble formation and the influence of the growth of bubbles on the characteristics of tungsten as a plasma-facing material. The BCA simulation provides the time evolution of the surface modification, the sputtering yield of tungsten atoms, and the absorption rate and retention of helium atoms for incident energies from 100 to 1000 eV and fluences up to 1.0 × 1022 He/m2. The following results are obtained: the tungsten material is eroded by repeated swelling and exfoliation near the surface, the sputtering yield of the bubble-formimg tungsten is lower than that of a material without bubbles, and the absorption rate increases as bubbles grow.
A three-dimensional imaging detector based on nano-scale silver-related defects in X- and gamma-ray-irradiated glasses
Authors: Kurobori Toshio , Yanagida Yuka , Chen Yao Qiang 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Ag-activated phosphate glass, which is the most commonly known radiophotoluminescent (RPL) material, has the capability to operate not only dosimeters but also two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) dose imaging detectors in the same host. This passive detector is based on radiation-induced, optically active nano-scale defects. In this work, the transient-state optical properties of the blue and orange RPL were investigated using a time-resolved spectrum technique for 137Cs and 60Co gamma-ray-irradiated Ag-activated phosphate glass. Specifically, the blue RPL intensity with a decay time of 5 ns as a function of the depth at the vicinity of the surface was systematically examined to clarify an accurate dose distribution within the glass. Moreover, a feasibility study into the use of an RPL Ag-activated phosphate glass detector for fluorescent nuclear track imaging was demonstrated using a confocal fluorescence image microscope for the first time.
FILME COMO PROPOSTA DE ENSINO E APRENDIZAGEM: O USO DO CINEMA EM AULAS DE LÍNGUA ESTRANGEIRA
Authors: Hausmann Elisa Probst , Cugik Lutiane Schramm , Ignaczuk Odete 
Published: November 2015

<p>O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar e refletir acerca da utilização de filmes como estratégia de ensino e aprendizagem da Língua Estrangeira. Este estudo é integrante das atividades propostas na disciplina de Estágio Supervisionado de Língua Inglesa IV realizada no oitavo semestre do curso de Letras da Universidade Regional de Blumenau (FURB). Neste artigo, são analisadas quatro aulas de uma hora cada, em uma escola de idiomas na cidade de Blumenau – SC. Considera-se a importância deste artigo como objeto de análise que pode contribuir para o aprimoramento de estratégias e métodos de ensino de Língua Estrangeira por meio de filmes legendados em língua estrangeira. Os resultados desta análise indicam que o trabalho com filmes como estratégia de ensino e aprendizagem da Língua Estrangeira pode ser uma importante ferramenta para trabalhar com as habilidades de <em>listening</em> e <em>writing</em>, usando estratégias orais e visuais. As análises assinalam que a motivação foi um fator que influenciou no desempenho dos alunos, pois a estratégia de ensino ora tratada conseguiu aproximar o ensino ao cotidiano e à realidade dos alunos. Aponta-se, então, para a necessidade de constante reflexão dos professores acerca de novas teorias e estratégias de ensino.</p><p> </p>
The solar wind during current and past solar minima and maxima
Authors: Zerbo J.‐L. , Richardson J. D. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis paper presents solar wind data from the last five solar cycles. We review solar wind parameters over the four solar minima and five maxima for which spacecraft data are available and show the recovery from the last very weak minimum to the current solar maximum. The solar wind magnetic field, speed, and density have remained anomalously low in this time period. However, the distributions of these parameters about the (lower than normal) average are similar to those from previous solar minima and maxima. This result suggests that the acceleration mechanism for the recent weak solar wind is probably not significantly different from earlier solar cycles. The He++/H+ ratio variation with solar cycle continues to be a function of speed, but the most recent solar minimum has significantly lower ratios than in the previous solar cycle.
Kinematics of interacting CMEs of 25 and 28 September 2012
Authors: Mishra Wageesh , Srivastava Nandita , Singh Talwinder 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe have studied two coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that occurred on 25 and 28 September 2012 and interacted near the Earth. By fitting the Graduated Cylindrical Shell model on the SECCHI/COR2 images and applying the Stereoscopic Self‐Similar Expansion method on the SECCHI/HI images, the initial direction of both the CMEs is estimated to be west of the Sun‐Earth line. Further, the three‐dimensional (3‐D) heliospheric kinematics of these CMEs have been estimated using Self‐Similar Expansion (SSE) reconstruction method. We show that the use of SSE method with different values of angular extent of the CMEs leads to significantly different kinematics estimates for the CMEs propagating away from the observer. Using the estimated kinematics and true masses of the CMEs, we have derived the coefficient of restitution for the collision which is found to be close to elastic. The in situ measurements at 1 AU show two distinct structures of interplanetary CMEs, heating of the following CME, and ongoing interaction between the preceding and the following CME. We highlight the signatures of interaction in remote and in situ observations of these CMEs and the role of interaction in producing a major geomagnetic storm.
Theory of spacecraft potential jump in geosynchronous plasma
Authors: Huang Jianguo , Liu Guoqing , Jiang Lixiang 
Published: November 2015

AbstractFor disturbed geosynchronous plasma, the onset of spacecraft charging and its evolution become more complex than quiet environment. A sudden jump of spacecraft potential can occur in specific environment conditions which can be detrimental to onboard electronics. In this paper, the potential jump for geosynchronous spacecraft charging is theoretically modeled and comprehensively characterized. Two types of potential jump in opposite directions are elucidated, and the threshold conditions for both types of jump are determined. At both thresholds, the spacecraft potentials are semisteady, but in opposite directions, with the possibility of a jump to a stable potential. The polarity of movement across the thresholds from different plasma will cause a spacecraft to experience irreversible charging histories which result in significant hysteresis. Generally, the jump to negative potential occurs with greater magnitude as compared to a potential jump in positive direction. Ion distribution has negligible influence to the threshold condition for jump to negative potential. However, ion distribution significantly affects the threshold for jump to positive potential and subsequently modifies the parametric domains of spacecraft charging.
Impacts of sudden stratospheric warming on general circulation of the thermosphere
Authors: Miyoshi Yasunobu , Fujiwara Hitoshi , Jin Hidekatsu , Shinagawa Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2015

AbstractImpacts of sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) on the thermosphere were studied using a gravity wave (GW)‐resolving whole atmosphere model. During an SSW event, the mesosphere at high latitudes cools, and the lower thermosphere becomes warm. At the peak of the SSW event, a temperature drop occurs above an altitude of 150 km at high latitudes. Our results indicate that the SSW event strongly affects meridional circulation and GW drag in the thermosphere. In the lower thermosphere, upward wind in the Arctic region, southward wind in the region between the North Pole and the South Pole, and downward wind in the Antarctic region are dominant before SSW occurs. The SSW event reverses meridional circulation at altitudes between 90 and 125 km in the Northern Hemisphere. During the SSW event, downward wind in the Arctic region and northward wind in the Northern Hemisphere prevail in the lower thermosphere. A detailed analysis revealed that during the SSW event, the change in meridional circulation is caused by the attenuation of the GW drag, and we identified the mechanism responsible for this attenuation. Moreover, we assessed the impacts of SSW on temperatures in the equatorial region and Southern Hemisphere.