bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of nanosilver on cortisol release and morphometrics in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Murray Laura , Rennie Michael D. , Enders Eva C. , Pleskach Kerri , Martin Jonathan D. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Nanosilver (nAg) is a nanoparticle commonly incorporated into consumer products for its antimicrobial properties that has been detected in aquatic environments. Toxic effects of nAg on fish have been observed, and nAg may induce a stress response in fish in the form of increased blood plasma cortisol. Effects of nAg exposure on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were investigated over a 28-d period using blood plasma cortisol concentrations as an indicator of stress. Several morphometric measures (growth, Fulton's condition factor, and hepatosomatic index [HSI]) were also taken during the experiment to investigate potential whole-body effects of exposure, and concentrations of nAg in fish muscle tissue were measured. Fish were exposed to environmentally relevant (average 0.28 μg/L) and higher (average 47.60 μg/L) exposure concentrations of nAg. The results showed a significant increase in blood plasma cortisol for both exposure treatments. A significant effect on HSI by treatment dependent on exposure time was also observed, although no obvious trend was detected, whereas other morphometric measures were not affected by nAg exposure. In addition, Ag was detected in fish muscle tissue. The results indicate that although nAg did engage the stress response in fish, it did not affect growth or condition under the experimental conditions and time frame investigated. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1606–1613. © 2016 SETAC
Bioretention storm water control measures decrease the toxicity of copper roof runoff
Authors: LaBarre William J. , Ownby David R. , Rader Kevin J. , Lev Steven M. , Casey Ryan E. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

The present study evaluated the ability of 2 different bioretention storm water control measures (SCMs), planter boxes and swales, to decrease the toxicity of sheet copper (Cu) roofing runoff to Daphnia magna. The present study quantified changes in storm water chemistry as it passed through the bioretention systems and utilized the biotic ligand model (BLM) to assess whether the observed D. magna toxicity could be predicted by variations found in water chemistry. Laboratory toxicity tests were performed using select storm samples with D. magna cultured under low ionic strength conditions that were appropriate for the low ionic strength of the storm water samples being tested. The SCMs decreased toxicity of Cu roof runoff in both the BLM results and the storm water bioassays. Water exiting the SCMs was substantially higher than influent runoff in pH, ions, alkalinity, and dissolved organic carbon and substantially lower in total and dissolved Cu. Daphnids experienced complete mortality in untreated runoff from the Cu roof (the SCM influent); however, for planter and swale effluents, survival averaged 86% and 95%, respectively. The present study demonstrated that conventional bioretention practices, including planter boxes and swales, are capable of decreasing the risk of adverse effects from sheet Cu roof runoff to receiving systems, even before considering dilution of effluents in those receiving systems and associated further reductions in copper bioavailability. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1680–1688. © 2016 SETAC
Soil health and carbon management
Authors: Lal Rattan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSoil, a natural four‐dimensional body at the atmosphere–lithosphere interface, is organic‐carbon‐mediated realm in which solid, liquid, and gaseous phases interact at a range of scales and generate numerous ecosystem goods and services. Soil organic carbon (SOC) strongly impacts soil quality, functionality and health. Terms soil quality and soil health should not be used interchangeable. Soil quality is related to what it does (functions), whereas soil health treats soil as a living biological entity that affects plant health. Through plant growth, soil health is also connected with the health of animals, humans, and ecosystems within its domain. Through supply of macro‐ and micronutrients, soil health, mediated by SOC dynamics is a strong determinant of global food and nutritional security. Soil C pool consists of two related but distinct components: SOC and soil inorganic C (SIC). The SIC pool comprises of primary and secondary carbonates, and the latter consists of calcitic (no net sequestration of atmospheric CO2) and silicatic (net sequestration). While SOC is highly dynamic, its mean residence time depends on the degree of protection (physical, chemical, biological, and ecological) within the soil matrix. Formation of stable microaggregates and of organo–mineral complexes can protect SOC against microbial processes for millennia. In addition to formation of silicatic type of secondary carbonates, leaching of bicarbonates into the subsoil or shallow water table is also an important mechanism of sequestration of CO2 as SIC. Numerous soil functions and ecosystem services depend on SOC and its dynamics. Improvements in soil health, along with increase in availability of water and nutrients, increases soil's resilience against extreme climate events (e.g., drought, heat wave) and imparts disease‐suppressive attributes. Enhancing and sustaining soil health is also pertinent to advancing Sustainable Development Goals of the U.N. such as alleviating poverty, reducing hunger, improving health, and promoting economic development.
Quality of care for people with dementia and professional caregivers' perspectives regarding palliative care in Japanese community care settings
Authors: Nakanishi Miharu , Hirooka Kayo , Morimoto Yuko , Nishida Atsushi 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivePalliative care for dementia includes psychosocial interventions as first‐line treatment for challenging behaviour. However, the national dementia plan in Japan contradicts recommendations for palliative care for dementia. This study aimed to examine the association between care quality for patients with dementia and professional caregivers' perspectives regarding palliative care for dementia in Japanese community care settings.MethodsIn total, 2116 professional caregivers from 329 agencies (217 in‐home long‐term care support providers; 29 small‐scale, multiple home‐care providers; and 83 group homes) in Tokyo prefecture, Japan, completed cross‐sectional, paper‐based questionnaires about 3603 people diagnosed with dementia, in May 2016. Quality of care measures included physical restraint and antipsychotic medication use and quality of life. Patients' quality of life was assessed via the Japanese version of the Alzheimer's Disease Health‐related Quality of Life scale. The Japanese version of the Questionnaire on Palliative Care for Advanced Dementia was used to assess professional caregivers' knowledge and attitudes regarding palliative care for dementia.ResultsProfessional caregivers' knowledge and attitudes regarding palliative care for dementia were positively associated with quality of life in patients with dementia. Physical restraint and antipsychotic medication were used regardless of professional caregivers' knowledge and attitudes.ConclusionsProfessional caregivers' perspectives regarding palliative care for dementia could have exerted a positive effect on quality of life in patients with dementia. A national strategy for advocacy and the protection of adults is required to integrate several laws and guidelines and prevent the use of antipsychotics as a form of chemical restraint. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrated multimodal network approach to PET and MRI based on multidimensional persistent homology
Authors: Lee Hyekyoung , Kang Hyejin , Chung Moo K. , Lim Seonhee , Kim Bung‐Nyun , Lee Dong Soo 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFinding underlying relationships among multiple imaging modalities in a coherent fashion is one of the challenging problems in multimodal analysis. In this study, we propose a novel approach based on multidimensional persistence. In the extension of the previous threshold‐free method of persistent homology, we visualize and discriminate the topological change of integrated brain networks by varying not only threshold but also mixing ratio between two different imaging modalities. The multidimensional persistence is implemented by a new bimodal integration method called 1D projection. When the mixing ratio is predefined, it constructs an integrated edge weight matrix by projecting two different connectivity information onto the one dimensional shared space. We applied the proposed methods to PET and MRI data from 23 attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children, 21 autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and 10 pediatric control subjects. From the results, we found that the brain networks of ASD, ADHD children and controls differ, with ASD and ADHD showing asymmetrical changes of connected structures between metabolic and morphological connectivities. The difference of connected structure between ASD and the controls was mainly observed in the metabolic connectivity. However, ADHD showed the maximum difference when two connectivity information were integrated with the ratio 0.6. These results provide a multidimensional homological understanding of disease‐related PET and MRI networks that disclose the network association with ASD and ADHD. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1387–1402, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Parental alcohol use, parenting, and child on‐time development
Authors: Guttmannova Katarina , Hill Karl G. , Bailey Jennifer A. , Hartigan Lacey A. , Small Candice M. , Hawkins J. David 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis study examined whether parental alcohol use in adolescence, adulthood, and for mothers, during pregnancy, was related to their young children's functioning in terms of their on‐time development as indicated by the number of developmental areas in which children experienced delay. Observed parenting practices and family socioeconomic status were tested as potential explanatory mechanisms of these links. Data came from the surveys and videotaped observations of a community sample of 123 biological parents and their 1‐ to 5‐year‐old children followed longitudinally. Results suggest that the negative association between parental alcohol use and children's development operates primarily through fathers' alcohol use. Additionally, father's adolescent regular alcohol use predicted the family's low socioeconomic status, which in turn predicted less skilled maternal parenting practices and children's developmental delay.Highlights

This study examined whether parental alcohol use in adolescence, adulthood, and, for moms, during pregnancy was related to their young childrens' functioning in terms of their developmental functioning. Observed parenting practices and family socioeconomic status were tested as potential explanatory mechanisms of these links.
There was a negative association between parental alcohol use, and children's development operates primarily through fathers = 92 alcohol use. Additionally, father's adolescent regular alcohol use predicted the family's low SES, which in turn predicted less skilled maternal parenting practices and children's developmental delay.
Findings highlight the importance of prevention and intervention efforts aimed at reducing alcohol misuse both in adolescence, even before the young people have children, and in young adulthood. Furthermore, prevention and treatment programs providing support and education in parenting skills to families with a history of alcohol misuse could show benefits across generations.
The impact of citrate concentration on adhesion of platelets and leukocytes to adsorbents in whole blood lipoprotein apheresis
Authors: Weiss René , Fischer Michael B. , Weber Viktoria 
Published: November 2016

AbstractLipoprotein apheresis is applied to deplete low density lipoprotein and other apolipoprotein B containing lipoproteins in patients with severe familial hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia associated pancreatitis, or lipoprotein (a)‐hyperlipoproteinemia. Anticoagulation of the extracorporeal circuit may influence cellular activation, as evidenced by a reduction of inflammatory parameters during regional citrate anticoagulation with acid citrate dextrose A (ACD‐A) commonly used in whole blood lipid apheresis. While the citrate concentration in the extracorporeal circuit has to ensure efficient anticoagulation, citrate infusion into the patient should be limited to avoid citrate overload. We assessed the influence of citrate concentration on cellular activation during in vitro circulation of whole blood containing 2.8 mM citrate (ACD‐A 1:40), 5.6 mM citrate (ACD‐A 1:20), or 13 mM citrate over polyacrylate‐based adsorbents for lipoprotein apheresis. We found increased platelet adhesion for anticoagulation with 2.8 mM citrate as compared to 5.6 or 13 mM citrate, as shown by cell counting and confirmed by scanning electron microscopy of adsorbent beads as well as by elevated levels of platelet activation markers and of platelet‐derived microvesicles. Leukocytes showed an equivalent adhesion pattern, while red blood cells remained unaffected at all citrate concentrations. Passage of blood over two consecutive columns resulted in enhanced platelet adhesion to the second column, presumably due to upstream preactivation. In conclusion, citrate influences activation and adhesion of platelets and leukocytes in a concentration‐dependent manner, and ACD‐A 1:20, equivalent to a citrate concentration of 5.6 mM in whole blood, ensures minimal cellular activation during passage of whole blood over polyacrylate‐based adsorbents.
Comparison of conventional DCE‐MRI and a novel golden‐angle radial multicoil compressed sensing method for the evaluation of breast lesion conspicuity
Authors: Heacock Laura , Gao Yiming , Heller Samantha L. , Melsaether Amy N. , Babb James S. , Block Tobias K. , Otazo Ricardo , Kim Sungheon G. , Moy Linda 
Published: November 2016

PurposeTo compare a novel multicoil compressed sensing technique with flexible temporal resolution, golden‐angle radial sparse parallel (GRASP), to conventional fat‐suppressed spoiled three‐dimensional (3D) gradient‐echo (volumetric interpolated breath‐hold examination, VIBE) MRI in evaluating the conspicuity of benign and malignant breast lesions.Materials and MethodsBetween March and August 2015, 121 women (24–84 years; mean, 49.7 years) with 180 biopsy‐proven benign and malignant lesions were imaged consecutively at 3.0 Tesla in a dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) MRI exam using sagittal T1‐weighted fat‐suppressed 3D VIBE in this Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act‐compliant, retrospective study. Subjects underwent MRI‐guided breast biopsy (mean, 13 days [1–95 days]) using GRASP DCE‐MRI, a fat‐suppressed radial “stack‐of‐stars” 3D FLASH sequence with golden‐angle ordering. Three readers independently evaluated breast lesions on both sequences. Statistical analysis included mixed models with generalized estimating equations, kappa‐weighted coefficients and Fisher's exact test.ResultsAll lesions demonstrated good conspicuity on VIBE and GRASP sequences (4.28 ± 0.81 versus 3.65 ± 1.22), with no significant difference in lesion detection (P = 0.248). VIBE had slightly higher lesion conspicuity than GRASP for all lesions, with VIBE 12.6% (0.63/5.0) more conspicuous (P < 0.001). Masses and nonmass enhancement (NME) were more conspicuous on VIBE (P < 0.001), with a larger difference for NME (14.2% versus 9.4% more conspicuous). Malignant lesions were more conspicuous than benign lesions (P < 0.001) on both sequences.ConclusionGRASP DCE‐MRI, a multicoil compressed sensing technique with high spatial resolution and flexible temporal resolution, has near‐comparable performance to conventional VIBE imaging for breast lesion evaluation.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 3J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;45:1746–1752
Resilience in Men and Women Experiencing Sexual Assault or Traumatic Stress: Validation and Replication of the Scale of Protective Factors
Authors: Ponce‐Garcia Elisabeth , Madewell Amy N. , Brown Marina E. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe literature on sexual assault (SA) typically has been generalized to women and children. However, both men and women experience SA. Research shows that not all individuals experience the negative impacts of SA in the same way. The ability to buffer the negative effects of SA may lie in specific protective factors that determine resilience. Resilience scales used in adult populations have not been validated for use in SA samples. The purpose of the present study was to replicate the factor structure of a resilience scale, the Scale of Protective Factors (SPF), in a sample of emerging adults (n = 571) and to validate the replicated model on a subsample of the participants who reported SA (n = 173). Additionally, we sought to examine gender differences in mental health outcomes including depression and anxiety, and the availability of protective factors that determine resilience among those participants who reported experiencing SA (n = 173) as compared to other forms of traumatic stress (n = 132). The SPF achieved good model fit in the larger emerging adult sample and adequate model fit was achieved in the SA subsample. Results indicated significant gender differences in mental health outcomes with η2 ranging between .03 and .21. Implications and future directions are discussed.
Questions begging for answers (Part I) – Water degumming
Authors: Dijkstra Albert J. 
Published: November 2016

When reviewing manuscripts or reading published articles, I often wonder why their authors chose to study the subject of their papers. Often, their results will not be used and may hardly contribute to science or technology. This is all the more surprising, since work done in the past hardly ever provides final answers, and therefore leaves questions unanswered, questions that could perhaps not be studied with the tools available at the time but that could be tackled nowadays. In the present series of articles I will discuss a number of subjects that in my opinion warrant research and I will suggest how this research can be approached.The water degumming process has been in industrial use for almost a century. Some insight was gained during the last century, but research was abandoned when it reached the limits of the analytical capabilities of the time. Consequently, there are many open questions concerning the composition of compounds containing phosphorus, how much of the acid value should be attributed to FFA, how the triglyceride content of the gums can be controlled and how the industrial process can be optimised with respect to the predictability of process performance, product quality and cost.
Mesocosms with wavemakers: A new device to study the effects of water mixing on lake ecology
Authors: Hulot Florence D. , Rossi Maurice , Verdier Bruno , Urban Jean‐Pascal , Blottière Lydie , Madricardo Fantina , Decencière Beatriz 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTo better understand the interaction between wind waves and the biological properties of freshwater ecosystems, it is highly desirable to reproduce coherent water motions generated by wind. This paper presents new 15 m3 mesocosms with wavemakers, also known as wave flumes, which are designed to emulate the effects of surface waves on the biological processes in shallow lakes. First, we succinctly review existing approaches to modify mixing of the water column in ecological studies: most mixing devices that have been used to date generate turbulence, but do not create the coherent water motions generated by surface waves. This justifies the development of mesocosms that seek to reproduce these coherent water motions. Tanks with wave generators are common devices in fluid mechanics, and we adapted them for aquatic ecology. Second, we describe the effects of waves on the water column, provide some theoretical background on wavemakers, and detail the choices adopted for the design of our device. Our system is able to generate waves with a wavelength of 0.1–5 m and amplitude of 1–5 cm in a 10 m long tank with a 1 m water column, which allows to choose mixing intensity from superficial to complete mixing of the water column. Experimental results show effects of mixing regime on water chemistry and plankton abundance. We finally discuss challenging research questions on the ecological role of surface waves in shallow lakes that can be addressed with mesocosms with wavemakers.
Au Nanoparticle‐Corona Loaded Polystyrene‐b‐Quaternized Poly(2‐vinylpyridine) Micelles and their Interaction with DNA
Authors: Papagiannopoulos Aristeidis , Mousdis George , Pispas Stergios 
Published: November 2016

The incorporation of Au nanoparticles to polystyrene‐b‐quaternized poly(2‐vinylpyridine) (SQVP) micelles and their interaction with DNA in aqueous solutions is investigated. Micelles of a well‐defined single population in solution keep their size while AuNPs appear to bind near their core, as observed by static and dynamic light scattering. The apparent molecular weight increases as a function of Au concentration, which proves controllable NP loading. Au‐loaded SQVP micelles create complexes with DNA where the micelles still preserve their morphology and size. The fluorescence intensity from SQVP‐Au aggregates drops as Au accumulates on the micelles. The fluorescence spectrum remains practically unaffected by the addition of DNA. SQVP micelles offer a stable and well‐defined template for the formulation of drug and DNA nanocarriers as hierarchically self‐assembled hybrid nanostructured functional materials.
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Biomimetic fiber‐reinforced composite structures based on natural plant ramifications serving as models
Authors: Schwager H. , Neinhuis C. 
Published: November 2016

The increasing demand for material and energy efficient products requires new strategies for designing and developing these products. For this, biomimetics is a promising approach adopting the strategies of living organisms to cope with their environmental conditions as inspiration for solving engineering problems. The evolutionary optimized biological models are often characterized by functional integration, a low environmental impact and high level of sustainability.In this paper we describe the general approach of such a biomimetic workflow on the example of topology optimization based on the model of natural ramifications. We compare the load adaptations in cactus ramifications to the load‐adaptive growth, which can be found in tree branchings.Compared to trees, the branches of columnar cacti taper towards the branch base with a pronounced constriction at the attachment point. In addition, the cactus wood features distinct indentations on the upper and lower side of the branch base which can be regarded as relief notches helping to modify the stress distribution in these regions with unfavorable fiber course.These results of our research point to a cactus specific load adaptation strategy that might be helpful for the design of fiber reinforced composite structures with restricted design space.