bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acne keloidalis nuchae: risk factors and associated disorders – a retrospective study
Authors: East‐Innis Althea D. C. , Stylianou Kaderina , Paolino Alexandra , Ho Jonathan D. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundAcne keloidalis nuchae (AKN) is a chronic scarring folliculitis which usually occurs in young adult males of African descent. Studies have suggested that AKN may be associated with other dermatologic conditions and even general medical disorders. The aim of this study was to identify cutaneous and extracutaneous associated disorders and to examine risk factors in our population for developing AKN.MethodsThe study was a retrospective, descriptive, and analytical study conducted at the Dermatology Outpatient department of the University Hospital of the West Indies. Data were obtained from the medical records of patients diagnosed over a 15‐year period (2000–2014).ResultsThere were 1031 new patients during the study period. Of these, 43 (4.2%) had AKN. The male to female ratio for AKN was approximately 7:1. Pseudofolliculitis barbae was associated with keloidal plaques on the scalp (OR = 6.22, P = 0.036). Also, when the duration of AKN was divided into two groups (0–5 years and greater than 5 years), there was an association between keloidal plaques and duration of greater than 5 years (OR = 7.5, P = 0.032). However, when the odds ratio was adjusted, only the duration of AKN remained significantly associated with keloidal plaques (OR = 7.08, P = 0.047). Chronic scalp folliculitis (P = 0.001) and the presence of any component disease of the metabolic syndrome (OR = 14, P = 0.008) and specifically hypertension (OR = 6.75, P = 0.036) were significantly associated with the extension of the lesions beyond the nape and occipital scalp.ConclusionsPseudofolliculitis barbae, chronic scalp folliculitis, and aspects of the metabolic syndrome may be associated with acne keloidalis nuchae.
Differentiating predatory scholarship: best practices in scholarly publication
Authors: Gonzalez Jimmy , Bridgeman Mary Barna , Hermes-DeSantis Evelyn R 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Objective
The intent of this article is to define predatory publishing, identify the risks and costs associated with publishing scholarship with these types of organizations and to provide recommendations for best practices how a potential author can protect themselves against predatory organizations.

Methods
A thorough review of the literature concerning predatory publishing was conducted and gleaned for best practices along with the authors’ experiences.

Key findings
Pharmacy scholars and researchers worldwide recognize the virtues of the open access (OA) publication system, which is intended to freely disseminate research electronically, stimulate innovation and improve access to scholarship. Both subscription-based and OA publication systems, however, have potential areas of conflicts, including coordination of the peer-review process and the potential for the publisher to capitalize on selling the commodity in a capitalistic society. The intent of OA is welcomed; however, publishers are still in a business and profits need to be made. It is by the exploitation of the model that has given rise to a small but growing subset known as predatory publishers.

Conclusions
Pharmacy researchers and clinicians alike need to be aware of predatory organizations, both publishers and meeting organizers, when seeking a venue to publish their own scholarly research. Additionally, this knowledge is critical when evaluating medical literature in providing direct patient care services to assure the best available evidence is utilized.
Investigations of ice‐structuring agents in ice‐templated ceramics
Authors: White Mary Anne , Conrad Jacy , Ellis Sarah N. , Chen Ran 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe freeze‐cast ceramics process involves the use of an aqueous slurry in which ice acts as a fugitive template, providing control of the morphology of the resultant green body, which is then sintered. Here we report the role of various additives and procedures in tailoring the morphology of ice‐templated, freeze‐cast alumina ceramics. We show that zirconium acetate (ZrAc) in the slurry can change the structure from lamellar to columnar, whereas polyvinyl alcohol can act as both a binder and as a modifier of the ice surface, and can compete with ZrAc to provide cooperative effects and a wide range of porosities. We also show that the ceramic structure can be influenced by epitaxial growth on an oriented layer of ice.
The impact of voluntary targets on the sodium content of processed foods in Brazil, 2011–2013
Authors: Nilson Eduardo A. F. , Spaniol Ana M. , Gonçalves Vivian S. S. , Oliveira Michele L. , Campbell Norm , L'Abbé Mary , Jaime Patricia C. 
Published: June 2017

Brazilians consume excessive dietary sodium (4700 mg/d); hence, the reduction of dietary sodium intake has been a Brazilian government priority. A set of strategies has been implemented that includes food and nutrition education initiatives and the reduction in the sodium content of processed foods and foods consumed out of the households. Since 2011, the Ministry of Health has selected priority food categories that contribute to over 90% of sodium intake from processed foods and have set biannual voluntary targets for sodium reduction with food industries to encourage food reformulation. Three rounds of monitoring of the sodium content on food labels have been conducted for instant pasta, commercially produced breads, cakes and cake mixes, cookies and crackers, snacks, chips, mayonnaise, salt‐based condiments, and margarine. Between 90% and 100% of the food products achieved the first targets in the 2011–2013 period, and the average sodium content of food categories was reduced from 5% to 21% in these first 2 years. These data show that with close monitoring and government oversight, voluntary targets to reduce the sodium content in processed foods can have a significant impact even in a short time frame. The Brazilian strategy will be continuously monitored to maximize its impact, and, if necessary in the future, a transition to regulatory approaches with stronger enforcement may be considered.
Diet‐independent relevance of serum uric acid for blood pressure in a representative population sample
Authors: Krupp Danika , Esche Jonas , Mensink Gert BM , Neuhauser Hannelore K , Remer Thomas 
Published: June 2017

A direct relationship between serum uric acid and blood pressure (BP) has been reported, but the possible confounding impact of diet on this association is unclear. The authors performed a cross‐sectional analysis in the representative German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (n=6788, aged 18–79 years). In adjusted regression models considering dietary factors, each 1‐mg/dL higher uric acid value was associated with a 1.10‐mm Hg (P=.0002) and a 0.60‐mm Hg (P=.04) higher systolic BP among participants younger than 50 years and participants 50 years and older, respectively. For diastolic BP, uric acid was a significant predictor (β=0.71 mm Hg, P=.0001) among participants younger than 50 years and for participants 50 years and older without antihypertensive treatment. Adjusted odds ratios of hypertension for participants with hyperuricemia were broadly similar in younger (odds ratio, 1.71; P=.02) and older (odds ratio, 1.81; P=.0003) participants. Uric acid is a significant predictor of systolic BP and hypertension prevalence in the general adult population in Germany independently of several known dietary BP influences.
Rediscover the clinical value of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in patients with intestinal Behçet's disease
Authors: Jo Jung Hyun , Park Soo Jung , Cheon Jae Hee , Kim Tae Il , Kim Won Ho 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackground and AimsMany patients with intestinal Behçet's disease (BD) still suffer from gastrointestinal symptoms despite the disease being in endoscopic or radiological remission. Previous studies report that small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) can be associated with inflammatory bowel disease. However, there have been no reports about SIBO in patients with intestinal BD. We sought to identify the frequency of SIBO in patients with inactive intestinal BD by hydrogen breath test (HBT) and to investigate the efficacy of rifaximin as a treatment for SIBO.MethodsTwenty‐five patients with intestinal BD who had gastrointestinal symptoms even in endoscopic or radiological remission status were enrolled between January 2012 and January 2016. The patients filled out a questionnaire regarding their subjective gastrointestinal symptoms and took an HBT. Patients with positive HBT results were recommended to take 800‐mg rifaximin daily for 14 days.ResultsNine patients (9/25, 36%) had a positive HBT test. Eight (8/9, 88.9%) were women, and their mean age was 48.7 years. The most common symptom was abdominal distension (8/9, 88.9%), followed by abdominal discomfort (6/9, 66.7%). Rifaximin was prescribed to the nine patients with positive HBT, but two patients refused to take the medication. Four weeks later, six of the seven patients taking rifaximin (85.7%) reported symptom improvement, and none of them reported adverse events.ConclusionsMore than one‐third of the patients with inactive intestinal BD who had gastrointestinal symptoms were accompanied by SIBO using HBT. Rifaximin might be an effective and safe drug to treat these patients.
Vascular access site complication in transfemoral coronary angiography between uninterrupted warfarin and heparin bridging
Authors: Wongcharoen Wanwarang , Pinyosamosorn Kittipong , Gunaparn Siriluck , Boonnayhun Suchada , Thonghong Tasalak , Suwannasom Pannipa , Phrommintikul Arintaya 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundWarfarin discontinuation with heparin bridging is a common practice in patients receiving warfarin prior to elective coronary angiography (CAG). The uninterrupted warfarin strategy has been suggested to be alternative option for patients with high thromboembolic risk. Therefore, we aimed to assess the safety of elective transfemoral CAG during uninterrupted warfarin therapy compared to heparin bridging.MethodsThis study was a randomized open‐label design with blinded event evaluation. The 110 consecutive patients (age ≥ 18 years) receiving warfarin before the planned transfemoral CAG were randomly assigned to either heparin bridging or uninterrupted warfarin with targeted INR (2.0‐3.0). The primary outcome was the incidence of major vascular access site complications.ResultsThe baseline characteristics were comparable between two groups (mean age was 60.1 ± 7.8 years, 49 males). The mean INR on the day of CAG of heparin bridging and uninterrupted warfarin groups was 1.2 ± 0.3 and 2.2 ± 0.5 (P < 0.001). The major vascular access site complications occurred in 3 of 55 (5.5%) heparin‐bridging patients and in none of 55 uninterrupted warfarin patients (P = 0.243). The total vascular access site complications occurred in 6 (10.9%) heparin‐bridging and one (1.8%) uninterrupted warfarin patients (P = 0.113). No patient developed either other bleeding or thromboembolic events during 7 days after CAG.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that an uninterrupted warfarin strategy did not increase vascular access site complications in patients undergoing transfemoral CAG compared to heparin bridging therapy. Due to the safety and the ease of uninterrupted warfarin strategy, this approach should be encouraged in patients receiving long‐term warfarin who undergo elective transfemoral CAG.
Heartwood extract from Dalbergia sissoo promotes fracture healing and its application in ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic rats
Authors: Karvande Anirudha , Khedgikar Vikram , Kushwaha Priyanka , Ahmad Naseer , Kothari Priyanka , Verma Ashwni , Kumar Padam , Nagar Geet Kumar , Mishra Prabhat Ranjan , Maurya Rakesh , Trivedi Ritu 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Objectives
This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of a heartwood ethanolic extract (HEE) made from the Dalbergia sissoo on facture healing and in the prevention of pathological bone loss resulting from estrogen deficiency in ovariectomized (Ovx) rats.

Methods
Heartwood ethanolic extract (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg per day) was administered orally immediately next day after drill-hole injury and continued for 2 weeks. Ovx rats received HEE at same doses for 12 weeks and compared with 17-β estradiol (E2; 100 μg/kg for 5 days/week subcutaneously) group. Confocal imaging for fracture healing, micro-architecture of long bones, biomechanical strength, formation of mineralized nodule by bone marrow osteoprogenitor cells, bone turnover markers and gene expression were studied. One-way ANOVA was used to test significance.

Key findings
Heartwood ethanolic extract treatment promoted fracture healing, formation of new bone at the drill-hole site and stimulated osteogenic genes at callus region. HEE administration to the Ovx rats exhibited better micro-architectural parameters at various anatomical positions, better bone biomechanical strength and more osteoprogenitor cells in the bone marrow compared with Ovx + vehicle group. HEE exhibited no uterine estrogenicity.

Conclusions
Oral administration of HEE was found to promote fracture healing and exhibited osteoprotective effect by possibly stimulation of osteoblast function.
Enoxaparin does not ameliorate liver fibrosis or portal hypertension in rats with advanced cirrhosis
Authors: Fortea José I. , Zipprich Alexander , Fernandez‐Mena Carolina , Puerto Marta , Bosoi Cristina R. , Almagro Jorge , Hollenbach Marcus , Bañares Juan , Rodríguez‐Sánchez Belén , Cercenado Emilia , Clément Marc‐André , Rose Christopher F. , Bañares Rafael , Vaquero Javier , Ripoll Cristina 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackground & AimsRecent studies suggest that heparins reduce liver fibrosis and the risk of decompensation of liver disease. Here, we evaluated the effects of enoxaparin in several experimental models of advanced cirrhosis.MethodsCirrhosis was induced in male Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats by: (i) Oral gavage with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4ORAL), (ii) Bile duct ligation (BDL) and (iii) CCl4 inhalation (CCl4INH). Rats received saline or enoxaparin s.c. (40 IU/Kg/d or 180 IU/Kg/d) following various protocols. Blood biochemical parameters, liver fibrosis, endothelium‐ and fibrosis‐related genes, portal pressure, splenomegaly, bacterial translocation, systemic inflammation and survival were evaluated. Endothelial dysfunction was assessed by in situ bivascular liver perfusions.ResultsEnoxaparin did not ameliorate liver function, liver fibrosis, profibrogenic gene expression, portal hypertension, splenomegaly, ascites development and infection, serum IL‐6 levels or survival in rats with CCl4ORAL or BDL‐induced cirrhosis. Contrarily, enoxaparin worsened portal pressure in BDL rats and decreased survival in CCl4ORAL rats. In CCl4INH rats, enoxaparin had no effects on hepatic endothelial dysfunction, except for correcting the hepatic arterial dysfunction when enoxaparin was started with the CCl4 exposure. In these rats, however, enoxaparin increased liver fibrosis and the absolute values of portal venous and sinusoidal resistance.ConclusionsOur results do not support a role of enoxaparin for improving liver fibrosis, portal hypertension or endothelial dysfunction in active disease at advanced stages of cirrhosis. These disease‐related factors and the possibility of a limited therapeutic window should be considered in future studies evaluating the use of anticoagulants in cirrhosis.
Complex origins of silicate veinlets in HED meteorites: A case study of Northwest Africa 1109
Authors: Pang Run‐Lian , Zhang Ai‐Cheng , Wang Ru‐Cheng 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe report on the petrography and mineralogy of three types of silicate veinlets in the brecciated eucrite Northwest Africa (NWA) 1109. These include Fe‐rich olivine, Mg‐rich olivine, and pyroxene veinlets. The Fe‐rich olivine veinlets mainly infill fractures in pyroxene and also occur along grain boundaries between pyroxene and plagioclase crystals, in both nonequilibrated and equilibrated lithic clasts. The host pyroxene of Fe‐rich olivine veinlets shows large chemical variations between and within grains. The Fe‐rich olivine veinlets also contain fine‐grained Fe3+‐bearing chromite, highly calcic plagioclase, merrillite, apatite, and troilite. Based on texture and mineral chemistry, we argue that the formation of Fe‐rich olivine was related to fluid deposition at relatively high temperatures. However, the source of Fe‐rich olivine in the veinlets remains unclear. Magnesium‐rich olivine veinlets were found in three diogenitic lithic clasts. In one of these, the Mg‐rich olivine veinlets only occur in one of the fine‐grained interstitial regions and extend into fractures within surrounding coarse‐grained orthopyroxene. Based on the texture of the interstitial materials, we suggest that the Mg‐rich olivine veinlets formed by shock‐induced localized melting and recrystallization. Pyroxene veinlets were only observed in one clast where they infill fractures within large plagioclase grains and are associated with fine‐grained pyroxene surrounding coarse‐grained pyroxene. The large chemical variations in pyroxene and the fracture‐filling texture indicate that the pyroxene veinlets might also have formed by shock‐induced localized melting and rapid crystallization. Our study demonstrates that silicate veinlets formed by a range of different surface processes on the surface of Vesta.
Body length of bony fishes was not a selective factor during the biggest mass extinction of all time
Authors: Puttick Mark N. , Kriwet Jürgen , Wen Wen , Hu Shixue , Thomas Gavin H. , Benton Michael J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe Permo‐Triassic mass extinction devastated life on land and in the sea, but it is not clear why some species survived and others went extinct. One explanation is that lineage loss during mass extinctions is a random process in which luck determines which species survive. Alternatively, a phylogenetic signal in extinction may indicate a selection process operating on phenotypic traits. Large body size has often emerged as an extinction risk factor in studies of modern extinction risk, but this is not so commonly the case for mass extinctions in deep time. Here, we explore the evolution of non‐teleostean Actinopterygii (bony fishes) from the Devonian to the present day, and we concentrate on the Permo‐Triassic mass extinction. We apply a variety of time‐scaling metrics to date the phylogeny, and show that diversity peaked in the latest Permian and declined severely during the Early Triassic. In line with previous evidence, we find the phylogenetic signal of extinction increases across the mass extinction boundary: extinction of species in the earliest Triassic is more clustered across phylogeny compared to the more randomly distributed extinction signal in the late Permian. However, body length plays no role in differential survival or extinction of taxa across the boundary. In the case of fishes, size did not determine which species survived and which went extinct, but phylogenetic signal indicates that the mass extinction was not a random field of bullets.
Random-projection Ensemble Classification
Authors: Cannings Timothy I. , Samworth Richard J. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryWe introduce a very general method for high dimensional classification, based on careful combination of the results of applying an arbitrary base classifier to random projections of the feature vectors into a lower dimensional space. In one special case that we study in detail, the random projections are divided into disjoint groups, and within each group we select the projection yielding the smallest estimate of the test error. Our random-projection ensemble classifier then aggregates the results of applying the base classifier on the selected projections, with a data-driven voting threshold to determine the final assignment. Our theoretical results elucidate the effect on performance of increasing the number of projections. Moreover, under a boundary condition that is implied by the sufficient dimension reduction assumption, we show that the test excess risk of the random-projection ensemble classifier can be controlled by terms that do not depend on the original data dimension and a term that becomes negligible as the number of projections increases. The classifier is also compared empirically with several other popular high dimensional classifiers via an extensive simulation study, which reveals its excellent finite sample performance.
Intradialytic hypotension in acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy
Authors: Sharma Shilpa , Waikar Sushrut S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe treatment of severe acute kidney injury (AKI) with dialytic support for renal replacement therapy can be life sustaining and permit recovery from critical illness. Like any interventional therapy, however, renal replacement therapy with intermittent hemodialysis or continuous therapy can cause complications. Intradialytic hypotension is a common complication and can cause further ischemic injury to the recovering kidneys, thereby reducing the probability of renal recovery. The optimal dialytic technique—continuous or intermittent—has not been conclusively demonstrated in randomized controlled trials. In general, treatment or prophylactic strategies for intradialytic hypotension in AKI have not been comprehensively tested. Given the frequency of intradialytic hypotension in dialytic treatment of AKI and its adverse clinical consequences, future research should rigorously compare dialytic techniques and other prevention strategies in adequately powered, randomized controlled trials.
Special situations: Intradialytic hypertension/chronic hypertension and intradialytic hypotension
Authors: Van Buren Peter Noel , Inrig Jula K. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHypertension is a comorbidity that is present in the majority of end‐stage renal disease patients on maintenance hemodialysis. This population is particularly unique because of the dynamic nature of blood pressure (BP) during dialysis. Modest BP decreases are expected in most hemodialysis patients, but intradialytic hypotension and intradialytic hypertension are two special situations that deviate from this as either an exaggerated or paradoxical response to the dialysis procedure. Both of these phenomena are particularly important because they are associated with increased mortality risk compared to patients with modest decreases in BP during dialysis. While the detailed pathophysiology is complex, intradialytic hypotension occurs more often in patients prescribed fast ultrafiltration rates, and reducing this rate is recommended in patients that regularly exhibit this pattern. Patients with intradialytic hypertension have a poorly explained increase in vascular resistance during dialysis, but the consistent associations with extracellular volume overload point toward more aggressive fluid management as the initial management choices for these patients. This up to date review provides the most recent evidence supporting these recommendations as well as the most up to date epidemiologic and mechanistic research studies that have added to this area of dialysis management.