bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variasi Morfologi dan Virulensi Phytophthora capsici Asal Lada
Authors: Wahyuno Dono , Manohara Dyah , Susilowati Dwi N. 
Published: February 2017

<p>Phytophthora capsici is the most important plant parasitic fungus causes stem rot disease in black pepper cultivation in Indonesia. The objective of the present study was to observe morphological variation and virulence of Phytophthora isolated on black pepper from various areas in Indonesia. Fifty isolates of Phytophthora were observed under light microscope. The observed morphological characteristics of each isolate, i.e. sporangiophore branching type, colony type, mating type and shape of sporangium after they were grown in growth medium of V8 juice agar, while length and width of sporangium, length of sporangiophore, and papilla were measured by micrometer. The variation of their virulence was observed by inoculating the hypha of each isolate on detached leaves of black pepper that incubated in damped boxes in room conditions. The width of necrotics were measured with leaf area meter after incubated for four days. The results indicated, those morphological characteristics of the isolates were vary in size, shape, colony pattern, mating type and sporangiophore branching pattern, which those characteristics were belong to P. capsici. Those morphological characteristics were not related with the mating type, isolated plant parts and its geographic distribution. The virulence of the tested isolates were also vary from low to high, and their virulence were also not related with the mating type, isolated plant parts and its geographic distribution.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Phytophthora capsici merupakan cendawan penyebab penyakit busuk pangkal batang yang paling banyak menimbulkan kerusakan pada tanaman lada di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati variasi morfologi dan virulensi Phytophthora yang diperoleh dari berbagai lokasi pertanaman lada di Indonesia. Setelah ditumbuhkan pada media V8 jus agar, sebanyak 50 isolat Phytophthora diamati karakteristik morfologinya di bawah mikroskop cahaya, yang meliputi tipe percabangan tangkai sporangium, tipe koloni, tipe kawin, dan bentuk sporangium. Pengukuran panjang dan lebar sporangium, tangkai sporangium, dan papilla dilakukan menggunakan micrometer. Variasi virulensi yang ada diamati dengan cara menginokulasikan potongan hifa dari setiap isolat pada helaian daun lada, kemudian diinkubasi di dalam kotak yang lembab dan diletakkan di suhu ruang. Setelah diinkubasi selama empat hari, luas nekrose yang terjadi diukur menggunakan leaf area meter. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan adanya variasi karakterisitik morfologi dari setiap isolat pada tipe koloni, tipe kawin, percabangan sporangium, ukuran, dan bentuk sporangium. Semua isolat menunjukkan karakteristik P. capsici. Variasi morfologi yang ada tidak berkaitan dengan tipe kawin, asal bagian tanaman yang diisolasi, dan geografi asal isolat. Lima puluh isolat P. capsici juga bervariasi virulensinya, dari rendah sampai tinggi. Variasi virulensi tersebut juga tidak berkaitan dengan tipe kawin, asal bagian tanaman yang diisolasi maupun geografi asal isolat.</p>
Karakterisasi dan Seleksi 139 Galur Kentang
Authors: Gaswanto Redy , Kusmana NFN 
Published: February 2017

<p>Characterization and Selection of 139 Potato Lines. One of the ways of increasing genetic variability in potato is interspecific hybridization to obtain new potato lines. This lines should then be characterized and used to obtain new breeding materials for potato breeding program. A total of 139 potato lines were planted at Cibodas-Lembang (1,300 m asl), from June 2004 to October 2004 without replication with population number of 5 plants per line. The result showed that (1) Generally the planted lines were round tuber shape (61.9%), yellow skin (98.6%), shallow eyes (71.2%), and light tuber weight per plant (89.2%); (2) 18 potato lines were selected as new breeding materials (13%).</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Salah satu cara untuk menciptakan keragaman genetik pada tanaman kentang adalah melalui hibridisasi antarspesies. Selanjutnya dilakukan karakterisasi galur yang dihasilkan. Diharapkan hasil karakterisasi dapat digunakan sebagai materi dalam perakitan varietas baru. Penanaman galur kentang hasil hibridisasi dilakukan di Cibodas, Lembang (1.300 m dpl), pada bulan Juni-Oktober 2004. Jumlah materi yang ditanam sebanyak 139 galur kentang, tanpa ulangan, dengan jumlah populasi sebanyak lima tanaman per galur. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa (1) secara umum galur yang ditanam mempunyai umbi berbentuk bulat (61,9%), berwarna kuning (98,6%), mata dangkal (71,2%), dan bobot umbi ringan (89,2%); (2) sebanyak 18 galur (13%) terpilih untuk digunakan sebagai materi pemuliaan lebih lanjut.</p>
Peranan dan Dominasi Varietas Unggul Baru dalam Peningkatan Produksi Padi di Jawa Barat
Authors: Nurhati Indah , Ramdhaniati S. , Zuraida N. 
Published: February 2017

<p>New released variety as a technology component contributed most to increased rice production. So far, in Indonesia have been released 184 varieties of rice included introduced variety from IRRI. In West Java, up to 2002, IR64 variety still dominated 42% area of lowland rice, followed by Way Apo Buru variety 19.1%, Ciherang 12.7%, Widas 6.9%, Cilamaya Muncul 2.3%, Memberamo 2.2%, and Cisadane 1.8%. Since 2004, Ciherang variety gradually replaced IR64. Several releaseed varieties such as Cigeulis, Situ Bagendit, and Mekongga started to be grown and widely accepted by farmer in Subang, Indramayu, Purwakarta, Cianjur, and Tasikmalaya. Rice productivity under lowland rice in West Java for the last five years is 5.31 t/ha and the lowest productivity was 5.15 t/ha achieved in year 2001 and the highest productivity was 5.50 t/ha in year 2003.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Varietas unggul baru merupakan komponen teknologi yang memberikan kontribusi terbesar terhadap peningkatan produksi padi. Hingga tahun 2004 Indonesia telah melepas 184 varietas unggul padi, termasuk varietas introduksi dari IRRI. Di Jawa Barat hingga tahun 2002, varietas IR64 masih mendominasi 42% areal pertanaman padi sawah, kemudian diikuti oleh varietas Way Apo Buru 19,1%, Ciherang 12,7%, Widas 6,9%, Cilamaya Muncul 2,3%, Memberamo 2,2%, dan Cisadane 1,8%. Pada tahun 2004, varietas Ciherang menggeser dominasi varietas IR64 dan terus berlanjut sampai saat ini. Beberapa varietas unggul yang baru dilepas seperti Cigeulis, Situ Bagendit, dan Mekongga mulai diminati petani dan berkembang di Kabupaten Subang, Indramayu, Purwakarta, Cianjur, dan Tasikmalaya. Produktivitas padi sawah di Jawa Barat selama lima tahun terakhir rata-rata 5,31 t/ha dengan produktivitas terendah 5,15 t/ha pada tahun 2001 dan tertinggi 5,50 t/ha pada tahun 2003.</p>
Karakterisasi dan Evaluasi Aksesi Pepaya Introduksi
Authors: Sudjijo NFN 
Published: February 2017

<p>New varieties of papaya can be obtained from the exploration of germplasms, conventional breeding, genetic engineering and the introduction of new cultivars from overseas. This study was conducted at Sumani Experimental Field of the Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute from April 2006 to March 2007. This study aimed at characterizing papaya accessions based on their morphological characters listed as descriptor published by IBPGR (1988). The plant materials used were 3 accessions, of papaya introduced from India, namely SR-01, SR-02, SR-03, and 1 local variety. From three papaya accessions observed, SR-03 produced ideal fruit size (840 g), sweet (13.21o Brix of total soluble solid), firm flesh texture, 25.20 mm of pulp thickness, orange to red flesh colour. This accession was promising for further development.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Plasma nutfah merupakan salah satu subtansi sumber daya genetik yang dapat dimuliakan untuk merakit varietas baru. Sumber plasma nutfah dapat diperoleh melalui rekayasa genetika, eksplorasi maupun introduksi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Sumani, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika, menggunakan material benih tiga aksesi pepaya introduksi dari India, terdiri dari (SR-01, SR-02, SR-03) dan 1 varietas lokal, dimulai dari bulan April 2006-Maret 2007. Penelitian bertujuan untuk memperoleh data base karakter dari aksesi pepaya tersebut. Metode penelitian menggunakan Descriptor List for Papaya. Dari hasil pengamatan diperoleh data bahwa nomor aksesi SR-03 memiliki ukuran buah ideal, rasa manis, kenyal, dan berproduksi sepanjang tahun, bobot buah 840 g, tebal daging 25,2 mm, padatan total terlarut (PTT) 13,21o Brix, warna jingga.</p>
Karakterisasi dan Pemanfaatan Plasma Nutfah Jeruk In Situ oleh Masyarakat Lokal Sumatera Utara
Authors: Simatupang Sortha 
Published: February 2017

<p>Characterization and utilization of in situ citrus germplasm of collection maintained by local community. This study was aimed at characterizing of in situ citrus germplasm collection and their use. This Study was conducted through interviewing citrus retailers as well as communinity leaders from January- December 2004. There were 33 citrus accescions found in this study. Local communinity utilized citrus in several different ways such as traditional medicine, ingredient of processed food as well as consumed as fresh fruit. Five accescions such as Laukawar, Keprok Sipirok, Boci, Maga, and Keling were sweet and juicy. In addition, Laukawar and Boci, both are seedless. There were four accescions, Andaliman, Purut, Sate, and Gajah having strong citrus scent. Lemon Tea, Nipis, seedless Nipis, Begu, Purut, Sunde, and Sate were used as ingredient of processed food. Gajah, Purut, Pagar, Malem, Kuku Harimau, Kersik, Kapas, Kayu, Puraga, and Kelele were used as traditional medicine. Keling Karo had highest vitamin C content (12 mg/100 mg). Laukawar had the highest total soluble solid. Bunian seemed to be salt tolerant one grown in mangrove area.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan karakterisasi plasma nutfah jeruk in situ dan pemanfaatannya oleh masyarakat lokal Sumatera Utara. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksplorasi. Wawancara terbuka tanpa kuesioner dilakukan pada pedagang jeruk yang dikros cek dengan para sesepuh masyarakat lokal. Survei dilakukan pada bulan Januari sampai Desember 2004. Dari eksplorasi diperoleh 33 aksesi jeruk di Sumatera Utara yang terpelihara secara in situ. Masyarakat lokal memanfaatkannya sebagai obat tradisional, bahan campuran olahan pangan, dan sebagai buah segar. Lima aksesi mempunyai rasa manis dan berair, yaitu jeruk Laukawar, Keprok Sipirok, Boci, Maga, dan Keling. Laukawar dan Boci adalah jeruk tanpa biji untuk konsumsi segar. Jeruk yang mempunyai aroma sangat kuat adalah Andaliman (skor 9), jeruk Purut, jeruk Sate, dan jeruk Gajah (skor 8). Jeruk olahan untuk campuran pangan, yaitu Lemon Tea, Nipis, Nipis Tanpa Biji, Begu, Purut, Sunde, dan Sate. Jeruk untuk obat tradisional adalah Gajah, Purut, Pagar, Malem, Kuku Harimau, Kersik, Kapas, Kayu, Puraga, dan Kelele. Kandungan vitamin C tertinggi terdapat pada jeruk Keling Karo (12 mg/100 mg). Jeruk dengan padatan total terlarut tertinggi terdapat pada jeruk Laukawar (15oBrix). Terdapat satu aksesi jeruk yang toleran salinitas, yaitu jeruk Bunian, yang tumbuh di daerah mangrove.</p>
Karakterisasi dan Evaluasi 10 Aksesi Salak di Sijunjung Sumatera Barat
Authors: Sudjijo NFN 
Published: February 2017

<p>The study was conducted at the farmer&amp;rsquo;s field in Ujung Batu Sijunjung, West Sumatera using local Salacca cultivars developed from crossing between cultivar Pondoh as female plant and indigenous salak of Sumatera as male plant. This study was held from January 2003 until December 2005. The objective of this study was to develop database of Salacca characters by exploration method and using data passport model. The research result showed that five accessions with yellowish white fruits and the other five accessions with white fruits. The plant that produced fruit with good quality was SNJ-01 and thick flesh (0.57 cm), sweet (18,00oBrix in TSS), crispy, yellowish white in color and contains water 77.02%.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Penelitian ini dilakukan di kebun petani Desa Ujung Batu Kabupaten Sijunjung Sumatera Barat dengan menggunakan materi tanaman salak yang ada di daerah tersebut yang berasal dari persilangan antara induk betina salak Pondoh dan jantan indigenous Sumatera. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari 2003 sampai dengan Desember 2005 dan bertujuan untuk menyusun database karakter tanaman salak, metode yang digunakan adalah eksplorasi dan pengumpulan database menggunakan model paspor data. Hasil penelitian diperoleh deskripsi 5 aksesi yang warna buahnya putih kekuningan dan 5 aksesi yang warna buahnya putih. Tanaman yang menghasilkan buah dengan mutu baik, yaitu aksesi nomor SNJ-01, di mana daging buahnya tebal (0,57 cm), manis (PTT = 18,00oBrix), masir, berwarna putih kekuningan, dan kadar air (7,02%).</p>
Identifikasi Sifat Fisik dan Kimia Buah-buahan Lokal Kalimantan
Authors: Antarlina Sri S. 
Published: February 2017

<p>Eight of Kalimantan&amp;rsquo;s native fruits were identified at Laboratory of Research Institute of Swampland Agriculture (RISA) in 2003. Characterization conducted for the physical characteristic, chemical composition, and life storage of fruit. Fruit was observedat the optimal maturity. The result of characterization of each fruit in the form of description based on appearance, measurement, taste, and chemical composition. There was reduction in fruit weight and fruit quality during storage at room temperature with life storage of 5 to 11 days. Based on the some fruits such as durian, pampaken, hampalam, kasturi, and kuini, have their commercial value that need to be further developed including their cultivation. Grafted planting material may shorten the juvenile period and reduced the height of plant to ease harvesting. Most of plants are seasonal bearing and their fruits are hard to be peeled. While fruits which have no commercial value, such as mentega, balangkasua, and ramania, are need to be conserved as genetic resources.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Delapan jenis buah-buahan lokal Kalimantan telah diidentifikasi di Laboratorium Balai Penelitian Pertanian Lahan Rawa (Balittra) pada tahun 2003. Karakterisasi dilakukan terhadap sifat fisik, komposisi kimia, dan daya tahan simpan buah. Buah diamati pada kondisi masak optimal. Hasil karakterisasi masing- masing buah berupa deskripsi berdasarkan penampakan, ukuran, rasa, dan komposisi kimia. Selama penyimpanan pada suhu kamar, buah mengalami susut bobot dan penurunan kualitas dengan daya tahan simpan 5-11 hari. Berdasarkan karakterisasi ini dapat diketahui buah-buahan seperti durian, pampaken, kuini, kasturi, hampalam potensial untuk dikembangkan, namun perlu dipertimbangkan nilai ekonominya dan perbaikan teknologi budi daya. Bibit sambung mungkin dapat mempercepat tanaman berbuah dan mengurangi tinggi tanaman untuk memudahkan pemetikan buah. Kebanyakan tanaman ini berbuah musiman dan buah sukar dikupas. Buah-buahan yang tidak/kurang memiliki nilai ekonomis (mentega, balangkasua, ramania) perlu dilestarikan secara terencana di kebun plasma nutfah.</p>
Uji Kekerabatan Aksesi Cengkeh di Kebun Percobaan Sukapura
Authors: Tresniawati Cici , Randriani Enny 
Published: February 2017

<p>Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L. Merril &amp;amp; Perry) is One of the Oldest Spices in the World. Clove is an evergreen tree with unopened flower bud. It is indigenous to Moluccas Island of Indonesia. Clove are mainly used as an ingredient of a variety of food specialties, beverages, medicines, and cigarettes industry. It is important to have germplasm collection in plant breeding program. Twenty eight accessions have been planted at Sukapura Experimental Garden, Probolinggo, East Java. The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic relationship among 28 clove accessions. The observations were made on fifteen morphological characters and six yield component characters. Eleven morphological characters and one yield component character had wide genetic variability. By applying cluster analysis, a dendogram was constructed to differentiate morphological differences among the accessions. The dendogram showed that the grouping of the accessions at different hierarchical levels, based upon the variation was observed. Results showed that the accession of clove could be classified into four groups. The first group only consisted of Zanzibar 5, the second group consisted of Zanzibar 13 and Siputih 5, the third group only consisted of Zanzibar 8, and 24 accessions belong to the fourth groups.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum L. Merril &amp;amp; Perry) merupakan tanaman rempah tertua di dunia yang berasal dari kepulauan Maluku. Bunga kering cengkeh sering digunakan sebagai bahan untuk bumbu, obat-obatan, kosmetik, dan industri rokok. Koleksi plasma nutfah merupakan hal yang penting dalam suatu program pemuliaan tanaman. Dua puluh delapan aksesi cengkeh ditanam di Kebun Percobaan Sukapura, Probolinggo, Jawa Timur. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan kekerabatan di antara 28 aksesi cengkeh. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap 15 karakter morfologi dan 6 karakter komponen hasil. Sebelas karakter morfologi dan satu karakter komponen hasil memiliki keragaman genetik yang luas. Dengan menggunakan analisis kluster ditentukan pengelompokan berdasarkan perbedaan sifat morfologi di antara 28 aksesi tanaman cengkeh. Gerombol I, yaitu Zanzibar 5, Gerombol II terdiri atas Zanzibar 13 dan Siputih 5, Gerombol III, yaitu Zanzibar 8, dan Gerombol IV terdiri atas 24 aksesi lainnya.</p>
Pembentukan Core Collection untuk Sumber Daya Genetik Padi Toleran Kekeringan
Authors: Silitonga Tiur S. , Risliawati Andari 
Published: February 2017

<p>The Development of Core Collection for Rice Genetic Resources Tolerant to Drought. The experiment was conducted in dry season, July-September 2009 at the research farm in Jakenan, Central Java and planted in randomized block design (RBD) arrangement by using 150 accessions with the plot size of 5 m x 1 m, with plant spacing 25 cm x 20 cm and three replications. Another experiment used as control and grown as upland rice without drought stresses by watering twice in a week was planted in RBD arrangement with two replications, plot size 5 m x 1 m and spacing 25 cm x 20 cm. The results showed that 26 varieties were selected for sub core collection for drought tolerance. Jatiluhur and B.9645-E-Mr-89 had the highest yield potential respectively 3,88 dan 3,77 t/h. All of the varieties with tolerant to drought were selected for core collection. This would be very important as they could be directly grown by farmers as tolerant varieties or used as sources of gene in the breeding program to improve varieties for drought tolerant with high yielding potential.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Pembentukan core collection untuk sumber daya genetik padi toleran kekeringan. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada musim kemarau, Juli-September 2009 di Kebun Penelitian Balai Penelitian Lingkungan Pertanian Jakenan, Jawa Tengah, dengan rancangan acak kelompok, tiga ulangan, menggunakan 150 aksesi yang ditanam pada petak berukuran 5 m x 1 m. Tanaman disiram setiap tiga hari sekali sampai tumbuh baik dan setelah berumur 25 hari tanaman mulai dikeringkan. Sebagai petak pembanding adalah tanaman padi gogo biasa yang disiram setiap dua seminggu sekali sampai panen. Pertanaman pembanding ditanam dengan jarak 25 cm x 20 cm. Dari penelitian ini terpilih 26 varietas toleran kekeringan dengan skor 1-5. Di antara aksesi ini terdapat varietas yang berumur genjah dan sedang (115-135 hari), sehingga waktu panennya agak berbeda. Varietas Jatiluhur dan galur B.9645- E-Mr-89 mempunyai potensi hasil paling tinggi, masingmasing 3,88 dan 3,77 t/ha dan toleran terhadap kekeringan. Aksesi yang toleran terhadap kekeringan terutama yang mempunyai potensi hasil tinggi, dapat langsung digunakan oleh petani atau sebagai sumber gen dalam perakitan varietas unggul toleran kekeringan dan berpotensi hasil tinggi.</p>
Identifikasi, Produksi, dan Potensi Kerandang sebagai Sumber Pangan dan Pakan Alternatif
Authors: Winarti Erna , Sarjiman NFN , Cahyaningrum Nurdiana 
Published: February 2017

<p>Identification, Production, dan Potential Kerandang as Alternative Sources of Food and Animal Feed. Kerandang is legume wich grows wildly in the coastal area. Kerandang utilization is expected to increase the economic value useful for local sources of revenue. The aim of this research was to identify and to determine the productivity and nutrient contain in kerandang. This reasearch done through two steps. Firs step was identification of plant species and determination of productivity and its secondary products. The second step was proximate analyzed to leaf, seed, skin seed and pod. The result showed that kerandang plant was family of Fabaceae, Genus of Canavalia, species of Canavalia virosa. Production and nutrient content of seeds and its secondary products varied so that the species has the potential to be developed as a source of protein food and feed, while the leaves, skin seed and pod are potential as are source of ruminant feed.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Tanaman kerandang merupakan tanaman kacang-kacangan yang tumbuh liar di lahan pasir. Pemanfaatan tanaman kerandang diharapkan dapat meningkatkan nilai ekonomi yang berguna bagi sumber pendapatan masyarakat setempat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi tanaman kerandang, mengetahui produksi dan kandungan nutrisi biji serta limbah kerandang. Penelitian dilakukan 2 tahap, tahap I ialah identifikasi tanaman kerandang dan mengukur produksi biji serta hasil samping kerandang. Tahap II ialah analisis kandungan nutrisi pada biji, daun, kulit biji, dan kulit polong. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanaman kerandang termasuk famili Fabaceae, genus Canavalia, spesies Canavalia virosa. Produksi dan kandungan nutrisi biji cukup tinggi serta limbah kerandang cukup bervariasi sehingga berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai sumber protein pangan maupun pakan, sedangkan daun, kulit biji, dan kulit polong berpotensi sebagai sumber pakan ternak ruminansia.</p><p> </p>