bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study of the nonlinear response of the upper atmosphere to episodic and stochastic acoustic‐gravity wave forcing
Authors: Lin Cissi Y. , Deng Yue , Sheng Cheng , Drob Douglas P. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPerturbations caused by geophysical and anthropogenic events on the ground have been observed to propagate upward and impact the upper atmosphere. Gravity waves with wavelengths less than 750 km are known to be responsible for the total electron content (TEC) perturbations and to play a significant role in the mass, momentum, and energy budgets of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. These waves are, however, difficult to continuously measure, globally resolve, and deterministically specify in first‐principle ionosphere‐thermosphere (IT) models. In this study, we investigate IT response to induced acoustic‐gravity waves resulting from strong time‐varying lower atmospheric wave forcing, including a traveling wave packet (TWP) and stochastic gravity wave (SGW) fields using the nonlinear Global Ionosphere Thermosphere Model (GITM) with high‐resolution grids of 0.08° in longitude and latitude. When TWP and SGW forcing occurs concurrently, the induced gravity waves (GWs) cause variation of ±8.8% in neutral, ±6.2% in electron density, and ±1.5% in TEC. The magnitudes decrease by 2.4% (from ±8.8% to ±6.4%) with the SGW effects simulated separately and subtracted; importantly, interactions between TWP and SGW contribute to ±1.4% of the perturbations. On the other hand, the induced acoustic waves (AWs) cause variation of ±13.9% in neutral, ±2.1% in electron density, and ±0.4% in TEC. Furthermore, GWs sustain tens of minutes after the TWP has passed through the lower atmosphere and clear traveling ionospheric disturbances and traveling atmospheric disturbances are developed. We demonstrate that clear wave structures from an episodic event can be isolated even under a ubiquitously and overwhelmingly perturbed atmosphere.
MAVEN observations on a hemispheric asymmetry of precipitating ions toward the Martian upper atmosphere according to the upstream solar wind electric field
Authors: Hara Takuya , Luhmann Janet G. , Leblanc François , Curry Shannon M. , Seki Kanako , Brain David A. , Halekas Jasper S. , Harada Yuki , McFadden James P. , Livi Roberto , DiBraccio Gina A. , Connerney John E. P. , Jakosky Bruce M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) observations show that the global spatial distribution of ions precipitating toward the Martian upper atmosphere has a highly asymmetric pattern relative to the upstream solar wind electric field. MAVEN observations indicate that precipitating planetary heavy ion fluxes measured in the downward solar wind electric field (−E) hemisphere are generally larger than those measured in the upward electric field (+E) hemisphere, as expected from modeling. The −E (+E) hemispheres are defined by the direction of solar wind electric field pointing toward (or away from) the planet. On the other hand, such an asymmetric precipitating pattern relative to the solar wind electric field is less clear around the terminator. Strong precipitating fluxes are sometimes found even in the +E field hemisphere under either strong upstream solar wind dynamic pressure or strong interplanetary magnetic field periods. The results imply that those intense precipitating ion fluxes are observed when the gyroradii of pickup ions are estimated to be relatively small compared with the planetary scale. Therefore, the upstream solar wind parameters are important factors in controlling the global spatial pattern and flux of ions precipitating into the Martian upper atmosphere.
“Zipper‐like” periodic magnetosonic waves: Van Allen Probes, THEMIS, and magnetospheric multiscale observations
Authors: Li J. , Bortnik J. , Li W. , Ma Q. , Thorne R. M. , Kletzing C. A. , Kurth W. S. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Wygant J. , Breneman A. , Thaller S. , Funsten H. O. , Mitchell D. G. , Manweiler J. W. , Torbert R. B. , Le Contel O. , Ergun R. E. , Lindqvist P.‐A. , Torkar K. , Nakamura R. , Andriopoulou M. , Russell C. T. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAn interesting form of “zipper‐like” magnetosonic waves consisting of two bands of interleaved periodic rising‐tone spectra was newly observed by the Van Allen Probes, the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS), and the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) missions. The two discrete bands are distinct in frequency and intensity; however, they maintain the same periodicity which varies in space and time, suggesting that they possibly originate from one single source intrinsically. In one event, the zipper‐like magnetosonic waves exhibit the same periodicity as a constant‐frequency magnetosonic wave and an electrostatic emission, but the modulation comes from neither density fluctuations nor ULF waves. A statistical survey based on 3.5 years of multisatellite observations shows that zipper‐like magnetosonic waves mainly occur on the dawnside to noonside, in a frequency range between 10 fcp and fLHR. The zipper‐like magnetosonic waves may provide a new clue to nonlinear excitation or modulation process, while its cause still remains to be fully understood.
Multiday evolution of convective bursts during western North Pacific tropical cyclone development and nondevelopment using geostationary satellite measurements
Authors: Chang Minhee , Ho Chang‐Hoi , Park Myung‐Sook , Kim Jinwon , Ahn Myoung‐Hwan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTropical cyclones (TCs) develop through latent heating from a series of deep convection. To investigate the evolution of diurnal convective burst (CB) activities prior to TC formation, we analyzed 463 tropical disturbances that developed (80) or not developed (383) into TCs over the western North Pacific during the 2007–2009 period. Geostationary satellite data allowed defining deep convection where infrared (IR) brightness temperature is lower than that of water vapor (WV). Diurnal expansions from time series of IR minus WV < 0 areas near disturbance vortex centers for 5 days are defined as CB events. Combined analysis with the Modern Era Retrospective‐Analysis shows that the multiday convective‐environmental evolution for TC formation is entirely different from nonformation processes in terms of the occurrence of two consecutive diurnal CB events. Multiday CBs (mCB) are observed in 67.5% of the 80 TC formation cases and in 13.8% of the 383 nonformation cases. Intensities of the middle‐to‐low tropospheric relative vorticity of these two groups are comparable on 4 to 5 days prior to TC formation. However, vorticity intensification is weak for nondeveloping disturbances in environments of strong vertical wind shear; these disturbances eventually decay. The vorticity of developing disturbances continuously intensifies to TC strengths. The remaining 32.5% of the TC cases without mCB show weaker initial vorticity, but rapid intensification over 3 day periods before TC formation. The present results reveal that mCB is a common feature in pre‐TC stages, and large‐scale environments of weak vertical wind shear are critical for the formation of TC‐strength circulations.
Estimating 1 min rain rate distributions from numerical weather prediction
Authors: Paulson Kevin S. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractInternationally recognized prognostic models of rain fade on terrestrial and Earth‐space EHF links rely fundamentally on distributions of 1 min rain rates. Currently, in Rec. ITU‐R P.837‐6, these distributions are generated using the Salonen‐Poiares Baptista method where 1 min rain rate distributions are estimated from long‐term average annual accumulations provided by numerical weather prediction (NWP). This paper investigates an alternative to this method based on the distribution of 6 h accumulations available from the same NWPs. Rain rate fields covering the UK, produced by the Nimrod network of radars, are integrated to estimate the accumulations provided by NWP, and these are linked to distributions of fine‐scale rain rates. The proposed method makes better use of the available data. It is verified on 15 NWP regions spanning the UK, and the extension to other regions is discussed.
Quantitative genetic analysis of the body composition and blood pressure association in two ethnically diverse populations
Authors: Ghosh Sudipta , Dosaev Tasbulat , Prakash Jai , Livshits Gregory 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe major aim of this study was to conduct comparative quantitative‐genetic analysis of the body composition (BCP) and somatotype (STP) variation, as well as their correlations with blood pressure (BP) in two ethnically, culturally and geographically different populations: Santhal, indigenous ethnic group from India and Chuvash, indigenous population from Russia.Materials and MethodsCorrespondently two pedigree‐based samples were collected from 1,262 Santhal and1,558 Chuvash individuals, respectively. At the first stage of the study, descriptive statistics and a series of univariate regression analyses were calculated. Finally, multiple and multivariate regression (MMR) analyses, with BP measurements as dependent variables and age, sex, BCP and STP as independent variables were carried out in each sample separately. The significant and independent covariates of BP were identified and used for re‐examination in pedigree‐based variance decomposition analysis.Results and DiscussionDespite clear and significant differences between the populations in BCP/STP, both Santhal and Chuvash were found to be predominantly mesomorphic irrespective of their sex. According to MMR analyses variation of BP significantly depended on age and mesomorphic component in both samples, and in addition on sex, ectomorphy and fat mass index in Santhal and on fat free mass index in Chuvash samples, respectively. Additive genetic component contributes to a substantial proportion of blood pressure and body composition variance. Variance component analysis in addition to above mentioned results suggests that additive genetic factors influence BP and BCP/STP associations significantly.
Comparable clinical outcomes in patients with HER2‐mutant and EGFR‐mutant lung adenocarcinomas
Authors: Gow Chien‐Hung , Chang Hou‐Tai , Lim Chor‐Kuan , Liu Chao‐Yu , Chen Jin‐Shing , Shih Jin‐Yuan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHER2 is a major proliferative driver in lung cancer. HER2 gene aberrations impact the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma (ADC). A one‐step reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction was performed using RNA samples from 888 Asian lung cancer patients to detect HER2, EGFR, KRAS, ALK, and ROS1 mutations. The demographic data and treatment outcomes of HER2 mutation‐positive lung ADC patients were analyzed and compared to those with HER2 mutation‐negative tumors. HER2 mutation was identified in 40 (4.5%) lung ADC patients. HER2 mutations tended to occur in male patients with advanced‐stage disease and never‐smokers. A775_G776insYVMA (n = 22, 55%) was the most prevalent HER2 mutation, followed by P780_Y781insGSP (n = 4, 10%). For patients diagnosed with stage‐IIIB/IV disease, HER2‐mutant patients showed clinical outcomes comparable to EGFR‐mutant patients (P = 0.721, log‐rank test) and a better overall survival (OS) compared to patients lacking driver mutations in the investigated genes (P = 0.033, Breslow test). Specifically, lung ADC patients with stage‐IV HER2‐mutant tumors treated with chemotherapy or targeted agents, even without afatinib or anti‐HER2 targeted therapy, showed similar clinical outcomes to lung ADC patients harboring EGFR exon 19 deletion or L858R mutations (P = 0.870). In addition, multivariate analysis indicated that HER2 mutation status was not a major risk factor for diminished OS in stage‐IV lung cancer. In conclusion, lung ADC harboring HER2 mutations showed distinct characteristics from other driver mutations, including increased chemosensitivity with in advanced stage disease.
ASXL2 mutations are frequently found in pediatric AML patients with t(8;21)/ RUNX1‐RUNX1T1 and associated with a better prognosis
Authors: Yamato Genki , Shiba Norio , Yoshida Kenichi , Shiraishi Yuichi , Hara Yusuke , Ohki Kentaro , Okubo Jun , Okuno Haruna , Chiba Kenichi , Tanaka Hiroko , Kinoshita Akitoshi , Moritake Hiroshi , Kiyokawa Nobutaka , Tomizawa Daisuke , Park Myoung‐ja , Sotomatsu Manabu , Taga Takashi , Adachi Souichi , Tawa Akio , Horibe Keizo , Arakawa Hirokazu , Miyano Satoru , Ogawa Seishi , Hayashi Yasuhide 
Published: January 2017

AbstractASXL2 is an epigenetic regulator involved in polycomb repressive complex regulation or recruitment. Clinical features of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with ASXL2 mutations remain unclear. Thus, we investigated frequencies of ASXL1 and ASXL2 mutations, clinical features of patients with these mutations, correlations of these mutations with other genetic alterations including BCOR/BCORL1 and cohesin complex component genes, and prognostic impact of these mutations in 369 pediatric patients with de novo AML (0–17 years). We identified 9 (2.4%) ASXL1 and 17 (4.6%) ASXL2 mutations in 25 patients. These mutations were more common in patients with t(8;21)(q22;q22)/RUNX1‐RUNX1T1 (ASXL1, 6/9, 67%, P = 0.02; ASXL2, 10/17, 59%, P = 0.01). Among these 25 patients, 4 (27%) of 15 patients with t(8;21) and 6 (60%) of 10 patients without t(8;21) relapsed. However, most patients with relapse were rescued using stem cell transplantation irrespective of t(8;21). The overall survival (OS) and event‐free survival (EFS) rates showed no differences among pediatric AML patients with t(8;21) and ASXL1 or ASXL2 mutations and ASXL wild‐type (5‐year OS, 75% vs. 100% vs. 91% and 5‐year EFS, 67% vs. 80% vs. 67%). In 106 patients with t(8;21) AML, the coexistence of mutations in tyrosine kinase pathways and chromatin modifiers and/or cohesin complex component genes had no effect on prognosis. These results suggest that ASXL1 and ASXL2 mutations play key roles as cooperating mutations that induce leukemogenesis, particularly in pediatric AML patients with t(8;21), and these mutations might be associated with a better prognosis than that reported previously.
Assessment of the body composition of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry
Authors: Macruz Carolina F. , Lima Sônia M.R.R. , Salles João E.N. , da Silva Gustavo M.D. , Scalissi Nilza M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the body composition among patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and patients without PCOS.MethodsA cross‐sectional study enrolled patients aged 12–39 years, with body mass index (BMI, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) at least 18.5 but below 25, who attended the Endocrine Gynecology Clinic of Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, Brazil, between January 1, 2014, and July 31, 2015. Anthropometric measurements, metabolic and androgenic profiles, and dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry measurements were compared between patients with PCOS and those without PCOS.ResultsIn total, 102 eligible patients attended the study clinical during the study period; 43 were excluded owing to not meeting the inclusion criteria or declining to undergo complete study testing, and 15 withdrew from the study. Of the 44 participants, 28 had PCOS and 16 were included in the control group. Serum 17‐hydroxyprogesterone concentration (P=0.046), leg‐fat (P=0.031), and truncal‐fat (P=0.001) were all higher among patients with PCOS.ConclusionThe present study demonstrated increased truncal and leg fat among women with PCOS. The study did not detect any difference in insulin parameters but larger studies could be more suitably powered to investigate this.ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT02467751
The progress and challenges for dermal regeneration in tissue engineering
Authors: Zhou Hanlei , You Chuangang , Wang Xingang , Jin Ronghua , Wu Pan , Li Qiong , Han Chunmao 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWound healing is an inherent response resulting in the restoration of tissue integrity. It is a complex process involving cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and the synthesis and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The dermal tissue is an important component of skin that acts as a connecting link between the epidermis and hypodermis. The appearance of scars and contractures after autologous split‐thickness skin transplantation or single epidermis diaphragm transplantation for full skin defects indicates that the dermal tissue plays an important role in skin regeneration. Theoretically, dermis cannot regenerate like the liver, bone and epidermis after being destroyed by burns or avulsion. Scarring is hard to avoid during the process of natural healing. However, if the dermis could be reconstructed perfectly, this would be a breakthrough in the methods used for wound healing. In this review, we summarize recent research about dermal regeneration and discuss the probability of advances in the field. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1208–1218, 2017.
LIPUS suppressed LPS‐induced IL‐1α through the inhibition of NF‐κB nuclear translocation via AT1‐PLCβ pathway in MC3T3‐E1 cells
Authors: Nagao Mayu , Tanabe Natsuko , Manaka Soichiro , Naito Masako , Sekino Jumpei , Takayama Tadahiro , Kawato Takayuki , Torigoe Go , Kato Shunichiro , Tsukune Naoya , Maeno Masao , Suzuki Naoto , Sato Shuichi 
Published: January 2017

Inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)‐1, IL‐6, and TNF‐α, are involved in inflammatory bone diseases such as rheumatoid osteoarthritis and periodontal disease. Particularly, periodontal disease, which destroys alveolar bone, is stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is used for bone healing in orthopedics and dental treatments. However, the mechanism underlying effects of LIPUS on LPS‐induced inflammatory cytokine are not well understood. We therefore aimed to investigate the role of LIPUS on LPS‐induced IL‐1α production.Mouse calvaria osteoblast‐like cells MC3T3‐E1 were incubated in the presence or absence of LPS (Porphyromonas gingivalis), and then stimulated with LIPUS for 30 min/day. To investigate the role of LIPUS, we determined the expression of IL‐1α stimulated with LIPUS and treated with an angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1) antagonist, Losartan. We also investigate to clarify the pathway of LIPUS, we transfected siRNA silencing AT1 (siAT1) in MC3T3‐E1. LIPUS inhibited mRNA and protein expression of LPS‐induced IL‐1α. LIPUS also reduced the nuclear translocation of NF‐κB by LPS‐induced IL‐1α. Losartan and siAT1 blocked all the stimulatory effects of LIPUS on IL‐1α production and IL‐1α‐mediated NF‐κB translocation induced by LPS. Furthermore, PLCβ inhibitor U73122 recovered NF‐κB translocation. These results suggest that LIPUS inhibits LPS‐induced IL‐1α via AT1‐PLCβ in osteoblasts. We exhibit that these findings are in part of the signaling pathway of LIPUS on the anti‐inflammatory effects of IL‐1α expression.
Muscle cramp susceptibility increases following a volitionally induced muscle cramp
Authors: Miller Kevin C. , Long Blaine C. , Edwards Jeffrey E. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTIntroductionMuscle cramping may increase peripheral nervous system excitability. It is unknown if, and how long, cramp susceptibility is affected by previous cramping. We tested whether volitionally induced muscle cramps (VIMCs) lowered cramp threshold frequency (TFc) and how long TFc was affected post‐VIMC.MethodsFifteen cramp‐prone participants volitionally induced a flexor hallucis brevis (FHB) cramp on 4 separate days. FHB TFc was measured before VIMC (i.e., baseline) and 5, 30, and 60 min post‐VIMC. VIMC electromyography (EMG) amplitude, VIMC duration, and perceived VIMC intensity were measured to ensure consistency of VIMC between days.ResultsVIMC EMG amplitude, duration, and perceived intensity were similar between days (P > 0.05). VIMC lowered TFc; baseline TFc (18 ± 6 Hz) was higher than 5‐min (14 ± 6 Hz), 30‐min (14 ± 5 Hz), and 60‐min TFc (14 ± 5 Hz; P < 0.05).DiscussionAcute VIMCs increase cramp susceptibility. Clinicians should apply treatments for at least 60 min postcramp to decrease the probability of cramp recurrence. Muscle Nerve 56: E95–E99, 2017
Assessing mNIS+7Ionis and international neurologists' proficiency in a familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy trial
Authors: Dyck Peter J. , Kincaid John C. , Dyck P. James B. , Chaudhry Vinay , Goyal Namita A. , Alves Christina , Salhi Hayet , Wiesman Janice F. , Labeyrie Celine , Robinson‐Papp Jessica , Cardoso Márcio , Laura Matilde , Ruzhansky Katherine , Cortese Andrea , Brannagan Thomas H. , Khoury Julie , Khella Sami , Waddington‐Cruz Márcia , Ferreira João , Wang Annabel K. , Pinto Marcus V. , Ayache Samar S. , Benson Merrill D. , Berk John L. , Coelho Teresa , Polydefkis Michael , Gorevic Peter , Adams David H. , Plante‐Bordeneuve Violaine , Whelan Carol , Merlini Giampaolo , Heitner Stephen , Drachman Brian M. , Conceição Isabel , Klein Christopher J. , Gertz Morie A. , Ackermann Elizabeth J. , Hughes Steven. G. , Mauermann Michelle. L. , Bergemann Rito , Lodermeier Karen A. , Davies Jenny L. , Carter Rickey E. , Litchy William J. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTIntroductionPolyneuropathy signs (Neuropathy Impairment Score, NIS), neurophysiologic tests (m+7Ionis), disability, and health scores were assessed in baseline evaluations of 100 patients entered into an oligonucleotide familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) trial.MethodsWe assessed: (1) Proficiency of grading neurologic signs and correlation with neurophysiologic tests, and (2) clinometric performance of modified NIS+7 neurophysiologic tests (mNIS+7Ionis) and its subscores and correlation with disability and health scores.ResultsThe mNIS+7Ionis sensitively detected, characterized, and broadly scaled diverse polyneuropathy impairments. Polyneuropathy signs (NIS and subscores) correlated with neurophysiology tests, disability, and health scores. Smart Somatotopic Quantitative Sensation Testing of heat as pain 5 provided a needed measure of small fiber involvement not adequately assessed by other tests.ConclusionsSpecially trained neurologists accurately assessed neuropathy signs as compared to referenced neurophysiologic tests. The score, mNIS+7Ionis, broadly detected, characterized, and scaled polyneuropathy abnormality in FAP, which correlated with disability and health scores. Muscle Nerve 56: 901–911, 2017
GAD65 neurological autoimmunity
Authors: McKeon Andrew , Tracy Jennifer A. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe glutamic acid decarboxylase 65‐kilodalton isoform (GAD65) antibody is a biomarker of autoimmune central nervous system (CNS) disorders and, more commonly, nonneurological autoimmune diseases. Type 1 diabetes, autoimmune thyroid disease, and pernicious anemia are the most frequent GAD65 autoimmune associations. One or more of these disorders coexists in approximately 70% of patients with GAD65 neurological autoimmunity. Neurological phenotypes have CNS localization and include limbic encephalitis, epilepsy, cerebellar ataxia, and stiff‐person syndrome (SPS), among others. Classic SPS is a disorder on the spectrum of CNS hyperexcitability which also includes phenotypes that are either more restricted (stiff‐limb syndrome) or more widespread (progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus). GAD65 antibody is not highly predictive of a paraneoplastic cause for neurological disorders, but diverse cancer types have been occasionally reported. For all phenotypes, responses to immunotherapy are variable (approximately 50% improve). GAD65 autoimmunity is important to recognize for both coexisting nonneurological autoimmune associations and potential immunotherapy‐response. Muscle Nerve 56: 15–27, 2017