bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical features of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma with polyploidy
Authors: Shimono Joji , Miyoshi Hiroaki , Seto Masao , Teshima Takanori , Ohshima Koichi 
Published: November 2016

Polyploidy, defined as more than two sets of homologous chromosomes, is found in a variety of malignant tumors and is thought to be related to disease pathogenesis. However, there have been no studies that have investigated polyploidy in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Here we reviewed clinicopathological features of 16 cases of DLBCL with polypoidy, which was defined as DLBCL with either near‐tetraploid or greater number of chromosomes as detected by the G‐band method. The frequency of polyploid DLBCL was 2.9 % (16/544), including 15 near‐tetraploid and one near‐pentaploid case.CD5, CD30 and EBER positive cases were 13 % (2/16), 13 % (2/16) and 6 % (1/16), respectively. Bcl2 positive cases were 75 % (12/16).The numbers of huge and multinucleated cells were higher in polyploid than in non‐polyploid DLBCL (P = 0.0029 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Clinical features of polyploid DLBCL included reduced infiltration of extranodal sites (2/15, 13 %) and major lymph node infiltration. Of seven cases that received chemotherapy, six responded to treatment and survived. Our results suggest that polyploid DLBCL represents a clinicopathologically characteristic group of DLBCL. This knowledge can be useful for informing more personalized and targeted management of DLBCL patients.
Effects of supplemental dietary vitamin C on quality of semen from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) breeders
Authors: Sarmento NLAF , Martins EFF , Costa DC , Silva WS , Mattioli CC , Luz MR , Luz RK 
Published: November 2016

ContentsThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of vitamin C on growth and quality of semen from Oreochromis niloticus breeders. One hundred and sixty males were fed with different levels of vitamin C (0, 261, 599 and 942 mg/kg diet). The higher weight values were recorded for 599 (166 g) and 942 (175 g) mg of vitamin C/kg diet. Sperm motility, vigour and concentration were higher with 599 and 942 mg of vitamin C/kg diet. The semen volume, gonadosomatic index and plasma protein data from the last week showed a direct relationship with increasing levels of vitamin C. No changes were observed in the hepatosomatic index and blood glucose. The haematocrit and erythrocyte showed higher values estimated by equations derived at 850 and 638 mg vitamin C/kg diet, respectively. The leucocytes were inversely proportional to the increasing levels of vitamin C. After 100 days of feeding, animals fed the diet containing 942 mg vitamin C/kg diet had higher sperm motility, linearity, curvilinear velocity, straight line velocity and average path velocity (p < .05). Higher values of beat cross‐frequency were observed in broodfish fed diets containing 942 and 599 mg vitamin C/kg. The different vitamin C levels did not cause differences in straightness, lateral head displacement and sperm morphology. For Nile tilapia males on intensive rearing and handling conditions, vitamin C levels between 599 and 942 mg/kg may be used for a better performance and quality of semen.
A Survey of Ismaili Studies Part 2: Post‐Fatimid and Modern Ismailism
Authors: Andani Khalil 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis article continues to discuss the major scholarly issues and developments in the study of Ismaili Muslim history and thought in the post‐Fatimid and modern periods. In general, scholarly coverage of the Nizari Ismailis greatly outweighs that of the Tayyibis. Following the concealment of the Tayyibi Imams in the 12th century, the Tayyibida‘wahcontinued in Yemen under the leadership ofda‘isrepresenting the Imams and divided into two major groups – the Sulaymanis and Da'udis. The Nizari Imamat continued in Persia until the public emergence of their recent living Imams, the Aga Khans, in modern times. The scholarly issues and themes discussed in this article include the establishment of the Tayyibida‘wah,later Tayyibi cosmology, the 1164 Nizari declaration ofqiyamah, the survival of Nizari communities in Persia and South Asia after the Mongol invasion, and modern Ismaili leadership institutions and communities. The article concludes by briefly summarizing the state of research for different periods of Ismaili history/thought and proposing some future trajectories for the progress of Ismaili studies.
On the Spectral Stability of Kinks in 2D Klein–Gordon Model with Parity‐Time‐Symmetric Perturbation
Authors: Borisov D. I. , Dmitriev S. V. 
Published: November 2016

In a series of recent works by Demirkaya et al., stability analysis for the static kink solutions to the one‐dimensional continuous and discrete Klein–Gordon equations with a ‐symmetric perturbation has been performed. In the present paper, we study two‐dimensional (2D) quadratic operator pencil with a small localized perturbation. Such an operator pencil is motivated by the stability problem for the static kink in 2D Klein–Gordon field taking into account spatially localized ‐symmetric perturbation, which is in the form of viscous friction. Viscous regions with positive and negative viscosity coefficient are balanced. For the considered operator pencil, we show that its essential spectrum has certain critical points generating eigenvalues under the perturbation. Our main results are sufficient conditions ensuring the existence or absence of such eigenvalues as well as the asymptotic expansions for these eigenvalues if they exist.
Assessment of macrovascular endothelial function using pulse wave analysis and its association with microvascular reactivity in healthy subjects
Authors: Ibrahim N. N. I. N. , Rasool A. H. G. 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundPulse wave analysis (PWA) and laser Doppler fluximetry (LDF) are non‐invasive methods of assessing macrovascular endothelial function and microvascular reactivity respectively. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between macrovascular endothelial function assessed by PWA and microvascular reactivity assessed by LDF.Method297 healthy and non‐smoking subjects (159 females, mean age (±SD) 23.56 ± 4.54 years) underwent microvascular reactivity assessment using LDF followed by macrovascular endothelial function assessments using PWA.ResultsPearson's correlation showed no correlation between macrovascular endothelial function and microvascular reactivity (r = −0.10, P = 0.12).ConclusionThere was no significant correlation between macrovascular endothelial function assessed by PWA and microvascular reactivity assessed by LDF in healthy subjects.
Investigating the association between perioperative blood transfusions and outcomes in children undergoing cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy
Authors: Owusu‐Agyemang P. , Williams U. U. , Van Meter A. , Zavala A. M. , Rebello E. , Feng L. , Hayes‐Jordan A. , Cata J. P. 
Published: November 2016

Background and ObjectivesStudies indicate the perioperative transfusion of red blood cells during oncologic surgery may be associated with worse outcomes. In this study, we evaluated the impact of red blood cell transfusions on the short‐ and long‐term outcomes of children undergoing a major oncologic surgery.Materials and MethodsA retrospective review of the medical records of children ≤18 years of age who had undergone cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy was performed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors influencing survival, complications and length of stay.ResultsSeventy‐five children were identified, 80% of whom had received a red blood cell transfusion. Children who received a red blood cell transfusion had a significantly longer length of stay (P = 0·0003). However, the association between red blood cell transfusions and recurrence‐free survival (HR: 1·307, 95% CI: 0·547–3·124; P = 0·55), overall survival (HR: 1·487, 95% CI: 0·585–3·780; P = 0·40) or the incidence of major complications (27·8 vs. 0% in non‐transfused children, P = 0·18) was not statistically significant.ConclusionThis retrospective study of children undergoing major oncologic surgery did not demonstrate a significant association between red blood cell transfusions and worse outcomes.
IMAGING DIAGNOSIS—ULTRASOUND UNCOMMON FEATURES OF AN ABDOMINAL GOSSYPIBOMA IN A DOG
Authors: Louvet Arnaud , Duconseille Anne‐Carole 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAn abdominal mass was incidentally detected in a 12‐year‐old, neutered female, crossed breed dog. Abdominal ultrasonographic examination showed a well‐delineated, irregular, heterogeneous mass that did not generate any distal acoustic shadowing. Transcutaneous US‐guided biopsy of the mass were nonconclusive but raised the possibility of neoplasia. Surgery discovered a mass embedded in the omentum and a large quantity of surgical sponges were identified in cut section. To the authors’ knowledge, this represents the first published case of gossypiboma casting no characteristic distal acoustic shadowing.
Increased monocyte‐derived reactive oxygen species in type 2 diabetes: role of endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Restaino Robert M. , Deo Shekhar H. , Parrish Alan R. , Fadel Paul J. , Padilla Jaume 
Published: November 2016

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Patients with type 2 diabetes exhibit increased oxidative stress in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, including monocytes; however, the mechanisms remain unknown.

What is the main finding and its importance?
The main finding of this study is that factors contained within the plasma of patients with type 2 diabetes can contribute to increased oxidative stress in monocytes, making them more adherent to endothelial cells. We show that these effects are largely mediated by the interaction between endoplasmic reticulum stress and NADPH oxidase activity.

Recent evidence suggests that exposure of human monocytes to glucolipotoxic media to mimic the composition of plasma of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) results in the induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The extent to which these findings translate to patients with T2D remains unclear. Thus, we first measured ROS (dihydroethidium fluorescence) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from whole blood of T2D patients (n = 8) and compared the values with age‐matched healthy control subjects (n = 8). The T2D patients exhibited greater basal intracellular ROS (mean ± SD, +3.4 ± 1.4‐fold; P < 0.05) compared with control subjects. Next, the increase in ROS in PBMCs isolated from T2D patients was partly recapitulated in cultured human monocytes (THP‐1 cells) exposed to plasma from T2D patients for 36 h (+1.3 ± 0.08‐fold versus plasma from control subjects; P < 0.05). In addition, we found that increased ROS formation in THP‐1 cells treated with T2D plasma was NADPH oxidase derived and led to increased endothelial cell adhesion (+1.8 ± 0.5‐fold; P < 0.05) and lipid uptake (+1.3 ± 0.3‐fold; P < 0.05). Notably, we found that T2D plasma‐induced monocyte ROS and downstream functional effects were abolished by treating cells with tauroursodeoxycholic acid, a chemical chaperone known to inhibit ER stress. Collectively, these data indicate that monocyte ROS production with T2D can be attributed, in part, to signals from the circulating environment. Furthermore, an interplay between ER stress and NADPH oxidase activity contributes to ROS production and may be a mechanism mediating endothelial cell adhesion and foam cell formation in T2D.
The Ca2+ sensitizer CK‐2066260 increases myofibrillar Ca2+ sensitivity and submaximal force selectively in fast skeletal muscle
Authors: Hwee Darren T. , Cheng Arthur J. , Hartman James J. , Hinken Aaron C. , Lee Ken , Durham Nickie , Russell Alan J. , Malik Fady I. , Westerblad Håkan , Jasper Jeffrey R. 
Published: November 2016

Key points
We report that the small molecule CK‐2066260 selectively slows the off‐rate of Ca2+ from fast skeletal muscle troponin, leading to increased myofibrillar Ca2+ sensitivity in fast skeletal muscle.
Rodents dosed with CK‐2066260 show increased hindlimb muscle force and power in response to submaximal rates of nerve stimulation in situ.
CK‐2066260 has no effect on free cytosolic [Ca2+] during contractions of isolated muscle fibres.
We conclude that fast skeletal muscle troponin sensitizers constitute a potential therapy to address an unmet need of improving muscle function in conditions of weakness and premature muscle fatigue.
AbstractSkeletal muscle dysfunction occurs in many diseases and can lead to muscle weakness and premature muscle fatigue. Here we show that the fast skeletal troponin activator, CK‐2066260, counteracts muscle weakness by increasing troponin Ca2+ affinity, thereby increasing myofibrillar Ca2+ sensitivity. Exposure to CK‐2066260 resulted in a concentration‐dependent increase in the Ca2+ sensitivity of ATPase activity in isolated myofibrils and reconstituted hybrid sarcomeres containing fast skeletal muscle troponin C. Stopped‐flow experiments revealed a ∼2.7‐fold decrease in the Ca2+ off‐rate of isolated troponin complexes in the presence of CK‐2066260 (6 vs. 17 s−1 under control conditions). Isolated mouse flexor digitorum brevis fibres showed a rapidly developing, reversible and concentration‐dependent force increase at submaximal stimulation frequencies. This force increase was not accompanied by any changes in the free cytosolic [Ca2+] or its kinetics. CK‐2066260 induced a slowing of relaxation, which was markedly larger at 26°C than at 31°C and could be linked to the decreased Ca2+ off‐rate of troponin C. Rats dosed with CK‐2066260 showed increased hindlimb isometric and isokinetic force in response to submaximal rates of nerve stimulation in situ producing significantly higher absolute forces at low isokinetic velocities, whereas there was no difference in force at the highest velocities. Overall muscle power was increased and the findings are consistent with a lack of effect on crossbridge kinetics. In conclusion, CK‐2066260 acts as a fast skeletal troponin activator that may be used to increase muscle force and power in conditions of muscle weakness.
Differential regulation of blood flow‐induced neovascularization and mural cell recruitment by vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin signalling
Authors: Stone Oliver A. , Carter James G. , Lin P. Charles , Paleolog Ewa , Machado Maria J. C. , Bates David O. 
Published: November 2016

Key points
Combining nitric oxide (NO)‐mediated increased blood flow with angiopoietin‐1–Tie2 receptor signalling induces arteriolargenesis – the formation of arterioles from capillaries – in a model of physiological angiogenesis.
This NO–Tie‐mediated arteriolargenesis requires endogenous vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signalling.
Inhibition of VEGF signalling increases pericyte coverage in microvessels.
Together these findings indicate that generation of functional neovasculature requires close titration of NO–Tie2 signalling and localized VEGF induction, suggesting that the use of exogenous VEGF expression as a therapeutic for neovascularization may not be successful.
AbstractSignalling through vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors and the tyrosine kinase with IgG and EGF domains‐2 (Tie2) receptor by angiopoietins is required in combination with blood flow for the formation of a functional vascular network. We tested the hypothesis that VEGF and angiopoietin‐1 (Ang1) contribute differentially to neovascularization induced by nitric oxide (NO)‐mediated vasodilatation, by comparing the phenotype of new microvessels in the mesentery during induction of vascular remodelling by over‐expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the fat pad of the adult rat mesentery during inhibition of angiopoietin signalling with soluble Tie2 (sTie2) and VEGF signalling with soluble Fms‐like tyrosine kinase receptor‐1 (sFlt1). We found that NO‐mediated angiogenesis was blocked by inhibition of VEGF with sFlt1 (from 881 ± 98% increase in functional vessel area to 279 ± 72%) and by inhibition of angiopoietin with sTie2 (to 337 ± 67%). Exogenous angiopoietin‐1 was required to induce arteriolargenesis (8.6 ± 1.3% of vessels with recruitment of vascular smooth muscle cells; VSMCs) in the presence of enhanced flow. sTie2 and sFlt1 both inhibited VSMC recruitment (both 0%), and VEGF inhibition increased pericyte recruitment to newly formed vessels (from 27 ± 2 to 54 ± 3% pericyte ensheathment). We demonstrate that a fine balance of VEGF and angiopoietin signalling is required for the formation of a functional vascular network. Endogenous VEGF signalling prevents excess neovessel pericyte coverage, and is required for VSMC recruitment during increased nitric oxide‐mediated vasodilatation and angiopoietin signalling (NO–Tie‐mediated arteriogenesis). Therapeutic vascular remodelling paradigms may therefore require treatments that modulate blood flow to utilize endogenous VEGF, in combination with exogenous Ang1, for effective neovascularization.
Design of a model observer to evaluate calcification detectability in breast tomosynthesis and application to smoothing prior optimization
Authors: Michielsen Koen , Nuyts Johan , Cockmartin Lesley , Marshall Nicholas , Bosmans Hilde 
Published: November 2016

Purpose:In this work, the authors design and validate a model observer that can detect groups of microcalcifications in a four‐alternative forced choice experiment and use it to optimize a smoothing prior for detectability of microcalcifications.Methods:A channelized Hotelling observer (CHO) with eight Laguerre–Gauss channels was designed to detect groups of five microcalcifications in a background of acrylic spheres by adding the CHO log‐likelihood ratios calculated at the expected locations of the five calcifications. This model observer is then applied to optimize the detectability of the microcalcifications as a function of the smoothing prior. The authors examine the quadratic and total variation (TV) priors, and a combination of both. A selection of these reconstructions was then evaluated by human observers to validate the correct working of the model observer.Results:The authors found a clear maximum for the detectability of microcalcification when using the total variation prior with weight βTV = 35. Detectability only varied over a small range for the quadratic and combined quadratic‐TV priors when weight βQ of the quadratic prior was changed by two orders of magnitude. Spearman correlation with human observers was good except for the highest value of β for the quadratic and TV priors. Excluding those, the authors found ρ = 0.93 when comparing detection fractions, and ρ = 0.86 for the fitted detection threshold diameter.Conclusions:The authors successfully designed a model observer that was able to predict human performance over a large range of settings of the smoothing prior, except for the highest values of β which were outside the useful range for good image quality. Since detectability only depends weakly on the strength of the combined prior, it is not possible to pick an optimal smoothness based only on this criterion. On the other hand, such choice can now be made based on other criteria without worrying about calcification detectability.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Bacteriophage vB_Eco_slurp01
Authors: Sazinas Pavelas , Smith Carrie , Suhaimi Aqilah , Hobman Jon L. , Dodd Christine E. R. , Millard Andrew D. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Bacteriophage vB_Eco_slurp01 was isolated from porcine feces using
Escherichia coli
MG1655 as a host. With a genome size of 348 kb, vB_Eco_slurp01 is one of the largest bacteriophages isolated to date.
Effects of incubation technique on proxies for olive ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) neonate fitness
Authors: Hart Catherine E. , Zavala-Norzagaray Alan A. , Benítez-Luna Odin , Plata-Rosas Luis Javier , Abreu-Grobois F. Alberto , Ley-Quiñonez Cesar P. 
Published: November 2016

Sea turtles and their nests face multiple threats on nesting beaches. Techniques have been developed to mitigate threats, these include relocating nests to fenced-off hatcheries or polystyrene boxes. The alteration of the nest’s natural environment may have direct effects on hatchling phenotype and locomotor performance. To test the effects of these two incubation conditions on proxies for hatchling fitness, we analysed locomotor performance (time to crawl 3 m and righting response) and phenotypic measures (weight and carapace length and width) of olive ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) hatchlings. We found that mean temperature was higher in hatcheries (30.5°C) than in polystyrene boxes (29.9°C) and that hatchlings incubated in polystyrene boxes had smaller straight carapace length (39.2 mm ± 2.0) and were significantly slower in crawl speed (CS) (0.0107 m s−1 ± 0.005) than those from hatcheries (SCL = 40.7 mm ± 1.3; CS = 0.018 m s−1 ± 0.005).
On the Dating of the Ethiopian Dynastic Treatise Kǝbrä nägäśt: New Evidence
Authors: Frantsouzoff Serge A. 
Published: November 2016

The present article argues the garbled text of the Lev. 18:8 as found in the Ethiopian dynastic treatise Kǝbrä nägäśt to be intentional. It refers to the conflict between the King of Ethiopia ‘Amdä Ṣǝyon I (1314–1344) and the Däbrä Libanos monastic congregation. The author argues that the second half of that verse was deliberately changed in order to make the royal marriage of ‘Amdä Ṣǝyon I to a wife/concubine of his late father to be seen as the mother – son incest. The conflict took place in the 27th year of the reign of ‘Amdä Ṣǝyon I. The new interpretation of the Lev. 18:8 as appears in the Kǝbrä nägäśt allows to attribute the treatise rather precisely: the terminus ante quem non can be set from the beginning of the 40s of the 14th century AD, i.e. somewhere in the 1340s.
The Role of Back Pressure in the Atmospheric Response to Surface Stress Induced by the Kuroshio
Authors: Takatama Kohei , Schneider Niklas 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The effect of ocean current drag on the atmosphere is of interest as a test case for the role of back pressure, because the response is independent of the thermally induced modulation of the boundary layer stability and hydrostatic pressure. The authors use a regional atmospheric model to investigate the impact of drag induced by the Kuroshio in the East China Sea on the overlying winter atmosphere. Ocean currents dominate the wind stress curl compared to the impacts of sea surface temperature (SST) fronts. Wind stress convergences and divergences are weakly enhanced even though the ocean current is almost geostrophic. These modifications change the linear relationships (coupling coefficients) between the wind stress curl/divergence and the SST Laplacian, crosswind, and downwind gradients. Clear signatures of the ocean current impacts are found beyond the sea surface: sea surface pressure (back pressure) decreases near the current axis, and precipitation increases over the downwind region. However, these responses are very small despite strong Ekman pumping due to the current. A linear reduced gravity model is used to explain the boundary layer dynamics. The linear vorticity equation shows that the oceanic influence on wind stress curl is balanced by horizontal advection decoupling the boundary layer from the interior atmosphere. Spectral transfer functions are used to explain the general response of back pressure to geostrophic ocean currents and sea surface height.