bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlling Factors of Chorus Spectral Gaps
Authors: Li Jinxing , Bortnik Jacob , Li Wen , An Xin , Lyons Larry R. , Kurth William S. , Hospodarsky George B. , Hartley David P. , Reeves Geoffrey D. , Funsten Herbert O. , Blake J. Bernard , Spence Harlan , Baker Daniel N. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe present study compares a single‐band chorus wave against a banded chorus wave observed by Van Allen Probes at adjacent times, and demonstrates that the single‐band chorus wave is associated with an anisotropic electron population over a broad energy range, while the banded chorus wave is accompanied by an electron phase space density plateau and an electron anisotropy reduction around Landau resonant energies. We further compare banded chorus waves with different spectral gap widths, and show that a wider spectral gap is associated with electron isotropization extending to higher energies with respect to the equatorial Landau resonant energy. We suggest that early generated chorus waves isotropize electrons via Landau resonant acceleration, and the waves that propagate to higher latitudes isotropize electrons at higher energies. The isotropization extending to higher energies leads to a larger spectral gap of new chorus waves after electrons bounce back to the equator.
Do Subsampling Strategies Reduce the Confounding Effect of Errors in Bispectral Retrievals on Estimates of Aerosol Cloud Interactions?
Authors: Loveridge J. R. , Di Girolamo L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBi‐spectral retrievals of droplet effective radius and cloud optical depth are widely utilized to estimate aerosol cloud interactions (ACI) in warm clouds in the marine boundary layer. Here, we assess the effect of retrieval errors due to the neglect of 3D radiative transfer during the retrieval process on this analysis of ACI. We use an ensemble of stochastically‐modeled cloud fields and 3D radiative transfer simulations to study the retrieval errors at a solar zenith angle of 30°. Simulated retrieval biases in droplet number concentration (Nd) for all three MODIS channels vary systematically from +35% to −80% as cloud heterogeneity increases. Pixel‐level errors can be much larger. Commonly utilized subsampling strategies do not reduce the systematic variation in retrieval error. Negative error correlations between optical depth and droplet effective radius produce spuriously negative slopes between the logarithm of liquid water path and Nd (−1.0 to −0.3). Pixels at the center of (8 km)2 patches that are not overcast have a relative bias in Nd of −50%. The relative frequency of these biased pixels varies linearly with the clear fraction in MODIS data and form the basis for a simple parameterization of Nd bias that varies with cloud fraction (CF). Using this parameterization, synthetic data experiments indicate that estimates of the first indirect effect in the tropical ocean can be overestimated by up to 30%, and the effect of aerosol on CF is overestimated by 50%, due to neglecting the correlation between retrieval errors and cloud microphysics.
Spatial Simulation and Optimization of Cropping Structure Under Climate and Land Use Change Conditions Considering Synergistic Economic Benefits and Carbon Reduction in Crop Growth Processes
Authors: Li Mo , Li Haiyan , Zhou Zhaoqiang , Chen Yingshan , Wang Yijia , Li Tianxiao , Fu Qiang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe climate and land use changes caused by the natural environment and socioeconomic development have potential impacts on the green and sustainable development of agriculture. To accommodate agricultural production under multiple scenarios of future climate and land‐use change, this study proposes a “simulation–optimization” modeling approach based on a crop growth model with a synergistic “carbon emission–economic benefit” approach. This approach is based on climate change conditions and it accurately simulates future land use changes and crop growth processes, establishes a carbon emission intensity optimization model, and generates a spatial planting structure optimization and regulation scheme based on intelligent optimization algorithms under changing scenarios. The results of the model application show that the planting structure option in the future scenario can increase economic benefit by up to 14.8% compared to the current scenario while simultaneously reducing total greenhouse gas emissions by 6.77%. Correlation analysis of planting area, irrigation water volume, carbon intensity value and unilateral water use efficiency can be used to obtain the coordination level of each county under different regulation scenarios. This “simulation–optimization” modeling approach provides an effective approach to achieve synergistic and coordinated development of regional agricultural benefits and carbon reduction by fine‐tuning the planting structure, which promotes low‐carbon and high‐quality development of regional agriculture.
Higher Onshore Wind Energy Potentials Revealed by Kilometer‐Scale Atmospheric Modeling
Authors: Chen Shuying , Goergen Klaus , Hendricks Franssen Harrie‐Jan , Winkler Christoph , Poll Stefan , Houssoukri Zounogo Wahabou Yoda , Linssen Jochen , Vereecken Harry , Stolten Detlef , Heinrichs Heidi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractReliable and highly resolved information about onshore wind energy potential (WEP) is essential for expanding renewable energy to eventually achieve carbon neutrality. In this pilot study, simulated 60 m wind speeds (ws60m) from a km‐scale, convection‐permitting 3.3 km‐resolution ICON‐LAM simulation and often‐used 31 km‐resolution ERA5 reanalysis are evaluated at 18 weather masts. The estimated ICON‐LAM and ERA5 WEPs are then compared using an innovative approach with 1.8 million eligible wind turbine placements over southern Africa. Results show ERA5 underestimates ws60m with a Mean Error (ME) of −1.8 m s−1 (−27%). In contrast, ICON‐LAM shows a ME of −0.1 m s−1 (−1.8%), resulting in a much higher average WEP by 48% compared to ERA5. A combined Global Wind Atlas‐ERA5 product reduces the ws60m underestimation of ERA5 to −0.3 m s−1 (−4.7%), but shows a similar average WEP compared to ERA5 resulting from the WEP spatial heterogeneity.
The High Latitude Ionospheric Response to the Major May 2024 Geomagnetic Storm: A Synoptic View
Authors: Themens David R. , Elvidge Sean , McCaffrey Anthony , Jayachandran P. T. , Coster Anthea , Varney Roger H. , Galkin Ivan , Goodwin Lindsay V. , Watson Chris , Maguire Sophie , Kavanagh Andrew J. , Zhang Shun‐Rong , Goncharenko Larisa , Bhatt Asti , Dorrian Gareth , Groves Keith , Wood Alan G. , Reid Ben 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe high latitude ionospheric evolution of the May 10‐11, 2024, geomagnetic storm is investigated in terms of Total Electron Content and contextualized with Incoherent Scatter Radar and ionosonde observations. Substantial plasma lifting is observed within the initial Storm Enhanced Density plume with ionospheric peak heights increasing by 150–300 km, reaching levels of up to 630 km. Scintillation is observed within the cusp during the initial expansion phase of the storm, spreading across the auroral oval thereafter. Patch transport into the polar cap produces broad regions of scintillation that are rapidly cleared from the region after a strong Interplanetary Magnetic Field reversal at 2230UT. Strong heating and composition changes result in the complete absence of the F2‐layer on the eleventh, suffocating high latitude convection from dense plasma necessary for Tongue of Ionization and patch formation, ultimately resulting in a suppression of polar cap scintillation on the eleventh.
Giant infrared bulk photovoltaic effect in tellurene for broad-spectrum neuromodulation
Authors: Wang Zhen , Tan Chunhua , Peng Meng , Yu Yiye , Zhong Fang , Wang Peng , He Ting , Wang Yang , Zhang Zhenhan , Xie Runzhang , Wang Fang , He Shuijin , Zhou Peng , Hu Weida 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGiven the surpassing of the Shockley-Quiesser efficiency limit in conventional p-n junction photovoltaic effect, bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) has garnered significant research interest. However, the BPVE primarily focuses on a narrow wavelength range, limiting its potential applications. Here we report a giant infrared bulk photovoltaic effect in tellurene (Te) for broad-spectrum neuromodulation. The generated photocurrent in uniformly illuminated Te excludes other photoelectric effects and is attributed to the BPVE. The bulk photovoltaic wavelength in Te spans a wide range from the ultraviolet (390 nm) to the mid-infrared (3.8 µm). Moreover, the photocurrent density of 70.4 A cm−2 under infrared light simulation outperforms that in previous ultraviolet and visible semiconductors as well as infrared semimetals. Te attached to the dendrites or somata of the cortical neurons successfully elicit action potentials under broad-spectrum light irradiation. This work lays the foundation for the further development of infrared BPVE in narrow bandgap materials.
Unveiling the tradeoff between device scale and surface nonidealities for an optimized quality factor at room temperature in 2D MoS2 nanomechanical resonators
Authors: Zhang Pengcheng , Jia Yueyang , Yuan Shuai , Xie Maosong , Liu Zuheng , Jia Hao , Yang Rui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA high quality (Q) factor is essential for enhancing the performance of resonant nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS). NEMS resonators based on two-dimensional (2D) materials such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) have high frequency tunability, large dynamic range, and high sensitivity, yet room-temperature Q factors are typically less than 1000. Here, we systematically investigate the effects of device size and surface nonidealities on Q factor by measuring 52 dry-transferred fully clamped circular MoS2 NEMS resonators with diameters ranging from 1 μm to 8 μm, and optimize the Q factor by combining these effects with the strain-modulated dissipation model. We find that Q factor first increases and then decreases with diameter, with an optimized room-temperature Q factor up to 3315 ± 115 for a 2-μm-diameter device. Through extensive characterization and analysis using Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, we demonstrate that surface nonidealities such as wrinkles, residues, and bubbles are especially significant for decreasing Q factor, especially for larger suspended membranes, while resonators with flat and smooth surfaces typically have larger Q factors. To further optimize Q factors, we measure and model Q factor dependence on the gate voltage, showing that smaller DC and radio-frequency (RF) driving voltages always lead to a higher Q factor, consistent with the strain-modulated dissipation model. This optimization of the Q factor delineates a straightforward and promising pathway for designing high-Q 2D NEMS resonators for ultrasensitive transducers, efficient RF communications, and low-power memory and computing.
Longitudinal changes in DNA methylation associated with clozapine use in treatment-resistant schizophrenia from two international cohorts
Authors: Gillespie Amy L. , Walker Emma M. , Hannon Eilis , McQueen Grant A. , Sendt Kyra-Verena , Avila Alessia , Lally John , Okhuijsen-Pfeifer Cynthia , van der Horst Marte , Hasan Alkomiet , Dempster Emma L. , Burrage Joe , Bogers Jan , Cohen Dan , Boks Marco P. , Collier David A. , Egerton Alice , Luykx Jurjen J. , Mill Jonathan , MacCabe James H. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe second-generation antipsychotic clozapine is used as a medication for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. It has previously been associated with epigenetic changes in pre-clinical rodent models and cross-sectional studies of treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Cross-sectional studies are susceptible to confounding, however, and cannot disentangle the effects of diagnosis and medication. We therefore profiled DNA methylation in sequential blood samples (n = 126) from two independent cohorts of patients (n = 38) with treatment-resistant schizophrenia spectrum disorders who commenced clozapine after study enrolment and were followed up for up to six months. We identified significant non-linear changes in cell-type proportion estimates derived from DNA methylation data - specifically B-cells - associated with time on clozapine. Mixed effects regression models were used to identify changes in DNA methylation at specific sites associated with time on clozapine, identifying 37 differentially methylated positions (DMPs) (p < 5 × 10-5) in a linear model and 90 DMPs in a non-linear quadratic model. We compared these results to data from our previous epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) meta-analysis of psychosis, finding evidence that many previously identified DMPs associated with schizophrenia and treatment-resistant schizophrenia might reflect exposure to clozapine. In conclusion, our results indicate that clozapine exposure is associated with changes in DNA methylation and cellular composition. Our study shows that medication effects might confound many case-control studies of neuropsychiatric disorders performed in blood.
Co-creation: a collaborative odyssey in dental education with students at the helm
Authors: Campbell Faith , Rogers Helen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCo-creation may be described as collaborative innovation towards a shared goal. It is increasingly being applied in education to develop interventions to support the development of various aspects of educational programmes, including dental education. Students are valuable partners in the process and their unique perspective allows for relevant and novel curricular developments. Other stakeholders within an institution, such as educators, subject experts and programme leads, are also frequently involved. The co-creation process has been reported to be mutually beneficial for all parties.Benefits of co-creation for students include the development of personal and professional skills that are not conventionally taught within a curriculum. Staff can feel more inspired and engaged. The process can lead to more inclusive and socially relevant curricula. There are also associated challenges, such as gaining adequate support and buy-in from stakeholders to ensure success. This paper explores the concept of co-creation and its application in education, providing recommendations on how it may be successfully applied within the context of dental education.
Organoid modeling meets cancers of female reproductive tract
Authors: Li Jiao , Zhou Mengting , Xie Jun , Chen Jiani , Yang Mengni , Ye Changjun , Cheng Shihu , Liu Miao , Li Rui , Tan Ruirong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDiseases of the female reproductive system, especially malignant tumors, pose a serious threat to women’s health worldwide. One of the key factors limiting research progress in this area is the lack of representative models. Organoid technology, especially tumor organoids, has been increasingly applied in the study of female reproductive system tumors due to their high heterogeneity, close resemblance to the physiological state, easy acquisition and cultivation advantages. They play a significant role in understanding the origin and causes of tumors, drug screening, and personalized treatment and more. This article reviews the organoid models for the female reproductive system, focusing on the cancer research advancements. It discusses the methods for constructing tumor organoids of the female reproductive tract and summarizes the limitations of current research. The aim is to offer a reference for future development and application of these organoid models, contributing to the advancement of anti-tumor drugs and treatment strategies for female reproductive tract cancer patients.
Towards geospatially-resolved public-health surveillance via wastewater sequencing
Authors: Tierney Braden T. , Foox Jonathan , Ryon Krista A. , Butler Daniel , Damle Namita , Young Benjamin G. , Mozsary Christopher , Babler Kristina M. , Yin Xue , Carattini Yamina , Andrews David , Lucaci Alexander G. , Solle Natasha Schaefer , Kumar Naresh , Shukla Bhavarth , Vidović Dušica , Currall Benjamin , Williams Sion L. , Schürer Stephan C. , Stevenson Mario , Amirali Ayaaz , Beaver Cynthia Campos , Kobetz Erin , Boone Melinda M. , Reding Brian , Laine Jennifer , Comerford Samuel , Lamar Walter E. , Tallon John J. , Wain Hirschberg Jeremy , Proszynski Jacqueline , Al Ghalith Gabriel , Can Kurt Kübra , Sharkey Mark E. , Church George M. , Grills George S. , Solo-Gabriele Helena M. , Mason Christopher E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWastewater is a geospatially- and temporally-linked microbial fingerprint of a given population, making it a potentially valuable tool for tracking public health across locales and time. Here, we integrate targeted and bulk RNA sequencing (N = 2238 samples) to track the viral, bacterial, and functional content over geospatially distinct areas within Miami Dade County, USA, from 2020-2022. We used targeted amplicon sequencing to track diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants across space and time, and we found a tight correspondence with positive PCR tests from University students and Miami-Dade hospital patients. Additionally, in bulk metatranscriptomic data, we demonstrate that the bacterial content of different wastewater sampling locations serving small population sizes can be used to detect putative, host-derived microorganisms that themselves have known associations with human health and diet. We also detect multiple enteric pathogens (e.g., Norovirus) and characterize viral diversity across sites. Moreover, we observed an enrichment of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in hospital wastewater; antibiotic-specific ARGs correlated to total prescriptions of those same antibiotics (e.g Ampicillin, Gentamicin). Overall, this effort lays the groundwork for systematic characterization of wastewater that can potentially influence public health decision-making.
Nur77 protects the bladder urothelium from intracellular bacterial infection
Authors: Collins Christina A. , Waller Chevaughn , Batourina Ekaterina , Kumar Lokesh , Mendelsohn Cathy L. , Gilbert Nicole M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntracellular infections by Gram-negative bacteria are a significant global health threat. The nuclear receptor Nur77 (also called TR3, NGFI-B, or NR4A1) was recently shown to sense cytosolic bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, the potential role for Nur77 in controlling intracellular bacterial infection has not been examined. Here we show that Nur77 protects against intracellular infection in the bladder by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), the leading cause of urinary tract infections (UTI). Nur77 deficiency in mice promotes the formation of UPEC intracellular bacterial communities (IBCs) in the cells lining the bladder lumen, leading to persistent infection in bladder tissue. Conversely, treatment with a small-molecule Nur77 agonist, cytosporone B, inhibits invasion and enhances the expulsion of UPEC from human urothelial cells in vitro, and significantly reduces UPEC IBC formation and bladder infection in mice. Our findings reveal a new role for Nur77 in control of bacterial infection and suggest that pharmacologic agonism of Nur77 function may represent a promising antibiotic-sparing therapeutic approach for UTI.
Introducing synthetic thermostable RNase inhibitors to single-cell RNA-seq
Authors: Noble Joyce Carol , Lentini Antonio , Hagemann-Jensen Michael , Sandberg Rickard , Reinius Björn 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSingle-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNAseq) is revolutionizing biomedicine, propelled by advances in methodology, ease of use, and cost reduction of library preparation. Over the past decade, there have been remarkable technical improvements in most aspects of single-cell transcriptomics. Yet, little to no progress has been made in advancing RNase inhibition despite maintained RNA integrity being critical during cell collection, storage, and cDNA library generation. Here, we demonstrate that a synthetic thermostable RNase inhibitor (SEQURNA) yields single-cell libraries of equal or superior quality compared to ubiquitously used protein-based recombinant RNase inhibitors (RRIs). Importantly, the synthetic RNase inhibitor provides additional unique improvements in reproducibility and throughput, enables new experimental workflows including retained RNase inhibition throughout heat cycles, and can reduce the need for dry-ice transports. In summary, replacing RRIs represents a substantial advancement in the field of single-cell transcriptomics.
An assessment of the species diversity and disease potential of Pythium communities in Europe
Authors: Boie Wilken , Schemmel Markus , Ye Wanzhi , Hasler Mario , Goll Melanie , Verreet Joseph-Alexander , Cai Daguang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPythium sensu lato (s.l.) is a genus of parasitic oomycetes that poses a serious threat to agricultural production worldwide, but their severity is often neglected because little knowledge about them is available. Using an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) amplicon-based-metagenomics approach, we investigate the occurrence, abundance, and diversity of Pythium spp. s.l. in 127 corn fields of 11 European countries from the years 2019 to 2021. We also identify 73 species, with up to 20 species in a single soil sample, and the prevalent species, which show high species diversity, varying disease potential, and are widespread in most countries. Further, we show species-species co-occurrence patterns considering all detected species and link species abundance to soil parameter using the LUCAS topsoil dataset. Infection experiments with recovered isolates show that Pythium s.l. differ in disease potential, and that effective interference with plant hormone networks suppressing JA (jasmonate)-mediated defenses is an essential component of the virulence mechanism of Pythium s.l. species. This study provides a valuable dataset that enables deep insights into the structure and species diversity of Pythium s.l. communities in European corn fields and knowledge for better understanding plant-Pythium interactions, facilitating the development of an effective strategy to cope with this pathogen.
Enhancing the efficiency of high-order harmonics with two-color non-collinear wave mixing in silica
Authors: Roscam Abbing Sylvianne D. C. , Kuzkova Nataliia , van der Linden Roy , Campi Filippo , de Keijzer Brian , Morice Corentin , Zhang Zhuang-Yan , van der Geest Maarten L. S. , Kraus Peter M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe emission of high-order harmonics from solids under intense laser-pulse irradiation is revolutionizing our understanding of strong-field solid-light interactions, while simultaneously opening avenues towards novel, all-solid, coherent, short-wavelength table-top sources with tailored emission profiles and nanoscale light-field control. To date, broadband spectra in solids have been generated well into the extreme-ultraviolet (XUV), but the comparatively low conversion efficiency in the XUV range achieved under optimal conditions still lags behind gas-based high-harmonic generation (HHG) sources. Here, we demonstrate that two-color high-order harmonic wave mixing in a fused silica solid is more efficient than solid HHG driven by a single color. This finding has significant implications for compact XUV sources where gas-based HHG is not feasible, as solid XUV wave mixing surpasses solid-HHG in performance. Moreover, our results enable utilizing solid high-order harmonic wave mixing as a probe of structure or material dynamics of the generating solid, which will enable reducing measurement times compared to the less efficient regular solid HHG. The emission intensity scaling that follows perturbative optical wave mixing, combined with the angular separation of the emitted frequencies, makes our approach a decisive step for all-solid coherent XUV sources and for studying light-engineered materials.