bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Executive Functioning, Response Inhibition and Attentional Process Impairments in Impulsive Children
Authors: Mozaffarinejad F. , Nazarboland N. 
Published: June 2017

Impulsivity is a multidimensional concept that incorporates failure of response inhibition, rapid processing of information, novelty seeking, and inability to delay gratification. Aggressive, suicidal and violent behaviors have been shown to be associated with impulsivity and difficulty in inhibiting responses. As explorers of executive function (EF) and impulsivity research areas believe this two are generally considered conceptually distinct, and suggest that they may be antipodes (i.e., widely separated on a common continuum, upon which they are related), We selected subjects with high (n = 25) and low (n = 25) levels of impulsivity among 537 students of ages 8 to 10 years-old, who were measured by Conners Teacher Rating impulsivity Scale. Using computerized versions, response inhibition was examined by their performance in a Go/No Go task, general performance in executive functions (EF) was measured by tower of London Test and continuous performance test (CPT) was used to assess their attentional processes. Using independent t- test and ANOVA, the results revealed that overall performance of executive functions in impulsive children in all three areas were remarkably damaged: they had impaired performance regarding Go/No Go task results; also have consumed more time and committed more errors and a worse general performance; and had more errors and weaker performance in attentional processes. The results of this study along with similar results would be effective in achieving a brighter image of impulsive children's cognitive problems in order to provide efficient treatments focused on improving their executive functions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Families of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Communication and Mental Health
Authors: Fernandes F.D. , Leticia S. 
Published: June 2017

Persons with autism need special care during all life and therefore the caretakers need attention too. Parental stress in families with children with autism is significantly higher than the observed in families with children with other disorders or with typical development. Communication is specially affected in autism, is one of parent's first concerns and may increase stress. This study asked if parents of non-verbal children with autism have higher levels of stress than parents of verbal children with autism. The purpose of this study was to assess the stress levels of parents of children with autism and to verify its association with the inability of verbal communication and the relationship to quality of life. Participants were parents of 75 children with autism and 100 parents with no complaints about their children development. They were divided in 3 groups. All participants responded to questionnaires regarding: socio-demographic date, stress level and quality of life. Most parents presented medium level of stress. Presence of speech did not yield to significant differences. More parents of children with autism reported high levels of stress. Associations between the stress level and the quality of life were also observed. It can be concluded that the stress level of parents of children with autism not influenced by their lack of verbal communication.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Early Screening for Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Kamuk C. , Cantio C. , Bilenberg N. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionMost parents to children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can report concerns about their child's development within the first year of life. In spite of this, children with ASD are rarely diagnosed before the age of 3–4 years. Early identification allows early intervention, which seems to be substantial for improvement of core behavioural symptoms in children with ASD. The Child Behaviour Checklist for ages 1½ to 5 (CBCL/1½–5) have shown promising utility for early detection of children with ASD.ObjectivesThis study will estimate the positive predictive value of CBCL/1½–5 Pervasive Developmental Problems (PDP) scale in a 2 phase screening study. Furthermore, it will analyse the stability of the CBCL/1½–5 PDP-score in pre-school children from 2½ to 5 years.AimsThe present study aims to validate CBCL/1½–5 for early screening of ASD in a general population sample.MethodsParents, enrolled in the Odense Child Cohort (OCC), answered the CBCL/1½–5 when the child reached 27 months of age. Parents with children above the age of four and a raw score ≥5 (90th percentile) on the PDP scale, received the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) questionnaire. Children with a high score on the SRS were invited to a clinical examination consisting of ADOS and ADI-R. Children in OCC were re-assessed with CBCL/1½–5 again at age five years.ResultsResults will be presented at the EPA conference 2017 in Florence.ConclusionsThe results may contribute to enhance the outcome of treatment by detecting children with ASD at an earlier age.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Relationship of High PTSD Risk with Severity of ADHD Symptoms While Controlling the Effect of Impulsivity in a Sample of University Students
Authors: Dalbudak E. , Evren C. , Evren B. , Ozen S. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to evaluate relationship of high PTSD risk with severity of ADHD symptoms while controlling the effect of impulsivity in a sample of university students.MethodParticipants included 271 volunteered university students. Participants were evaluated with the Short Form Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11-SF), the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) and PTSD Checklist Civilian version (PCL-C).ResultsAge and gender did not differed between those with the high PTSD risk (n = 224, 82.7%) and those without (n = 47, 17.3%). BIS-11-SF and subscale scores, other than non-planning impulsivity (which showed no difference), and ASRS scores were higher among those with the high PTSD risk than those without. Severity of ADHD symptoms, particularly inattentiveness (IN) score, predicted the high risk of PTSD, together with the severity of motor impulsivity in a logistic regression model.ConclusionThese findings suggest that the severity of ADHD symptoms is related with the high risk of PTSD, while severity of motor impulsivity may have an effect on this relationship among young adults.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Chronic Somatic and Psychiatric Co-morbidities are Associated with Psychiatric Treatment Success; A Nested Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Filipcic I. , Simunovic Filipcic I. , Rojnic Kuzman M. , Vladimir G. , Svrdlin P. , Vuk Pisk S. , Bajic Z. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionA rich body of literature dealt with somatic comorbidities of psychiatric illnesses. However, relatively few explored the association of somatic and psychiatric comorbidities with psychiatric treatment success.ObjectiveObjective of this analysis was to explore chronic somatic and psychiatric comorbidities association with the average number of psychiatric re-hospitalisations annually.MethodsThis cross-sectional analysis was done on the baseline data of prospective cohort study “Somatic comorbidities in psychiatric patients” started during 2016 at Psychiatric hospital Sveti Ivan, Zagreb, Croatia. We included 798 patients. Outcome was the average number of psychiatric re-hospitalisations annually since the diagnosis. Predictors were number of chronic somatic and psychiatric comorbidities. Covariates that we controlled were sex, age, BMI, marital status, number of household members, education, work status, duration of primary psychiatric illness, CGI–severity at diagnosis, treatment with antidepressants and antipsychotics.ResultsInteraction of somatic and psychiatric comorbidities was the strongest predictor of the average number of psychiatric re-hospitalisations annually (P < 0.001). Mean number of re-hospitalisations annually adjusted for all covariates, was increasing from 0.60 in patients with no chronic comorbidities, up to 1.10 in patients with ≥ 2 somatic and ≥ 2 psychiatric comorbidities.ConclusionSomatic and psychiatric comorbidities are independently associated with the psychiatric treatment success. Further studies should look at possible causal pathways between them, and interdisciplinary treatment of psychiatric patients is urgently needed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Short-term Psychological Interventions for Bordeline Personality Disorder–What Works?
Authors: Storebø O.J. , Stoffers-Winterling J. , Mattivi J. , Völlm B. , Kielsholm M.L. , Nielsen S. , Simonsen E. , Lieb K. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionBorderline personality disorder (BPD) is a common and disabling personality disorder associated with difficulties in controlling emotions and impulses, self-injury, feelings of emptiness and abandonment. It is associated with problems in many areas of life, most notably relationships. Psychotherapy is the first-line treatment for people with borderline personality disorder widely used; however, the evidence is not thoroughly investigated. In addition, several specific short-term interventions have been developed during the last decades.ObjectivesWe are currently updating this cochrane collaboration review on psychological interventions for BPD. First findings on the up-to-date evidence relating to short-term psychological interventions will be presented.MethodsWe conducted a cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Any randomized comparisons of psychological interventions versus unspecific control interventions, waitlist or specific psychotherapeutic interventions in adult BPD patients were eligible. Primary outcomes were BPD core pathology as depicted by DSM criteria. Secondary outcomes included depression, anxiety, general psychopathology, dropouts and adverse events. Two independent researchers selected trials, assessed quality and extracted data independently.ResultsThe current evidence of short-term psychological interventions in general and the different types of interventions for which RCT evidence is currently available will be evaluated.Disclosure of interestThe authors declare that they have no competing interest.
Qualitative Meta-analysis to Identify Genomic Variants that are Correlated with the Development of Schizophrenia
Authors: Chondrou G. , Patrinos G.P. , Tsermpini E.E. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionSchizophrenia is a devastating and complex disease, which occurs in approximately 1% of the general population. Symptoms include hallucinations, delusions and patients’ social withdrawal. Schizophrenia's etiology remains unclear, however, both patients’ genetic profile and environmental factors play a significant role.ObjectivesOur study's primary objective was to identify genetic variants related with schizophrenia's development in non-Caucasians populations and to explore whether these polymorphisms can be also found in schizophrenia patients of Caucasian origin.MethodsTo achieve that, we screened Science Direct and PubMed medical literature databases to identify research articles correlating genes and variants with the development of schizophrenia. Next step was the categorization of studies according to samples’ origin and the identification of genomic variants that are correlated with schizophrenia (P < 0.001) but have never been studied in Caucasian populations.ResultsIn total, 108 and 47 studies, in non-Caucasian and Caucasian populations respectively, were identified, in which 157 (P < 0.05) and 18 (P < 0.001) variants were associated with the development of the disease in non-Caucasian populations.ConclusionsFrom our qualitative meta-analysis 18 variants that were correlated with schizophrenia's etiology were identified (P < 0.001), which will be further investigated in a multi-cultural Caucasian cohort.
A systematic review of association between pain and suicidal behavior in elderly people
Authors: Santos J. , Martins S. , Azevedo L.F. , Fernandes L. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionSuicide rates worldwide are highest in elderly people compared to younger ages. The recognition of risk factors for late life suicide may be crucial, since one in four attempts is consummated. In this context, pain has been identified as a major event raising the probability for suicide in elders although very little research has examined this association.ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review to examine whether pain is a risk factor for suicidal behaviour (suicide ideation/attempt/suicide) in elderly people.MethodsThe Cochrane Collaboration's guidelines and PRISMA statement were used. The electronic databases considered were MEDLINE, ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus and PsycARTICLES. Search terms were “pain”, “suicide*” and “elderly”. Studies that assessed the relation between pain and suicidal behavior among people aged ≥ 60 years were included.ResultsOf the 2655 references founded, only 41 articles met the inclusion criteria. Most of the quantitative studies concluded that there is a relationship between pain and late life suicidal ideation, in particular severe and chronic pain. Physical or psychological pain was also reported as the cause of attempting suicide in two studies and was considered an important risk factor for committed suicide in eight of them.ConclusionThe results suggest that pain is a risk factor for suicidal behaviour in elderly people, especially suffering from severe and chronic pain, which are in accordance with previous reviews in this field. Future studies are needed to clarify this association and highlight about the importance of pain in suicide prevention initiatives for elders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Drug–drug Interactions Between Antibiotics and Psychopharmaceuticals in Slovenian Nursing Homes: A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study from a National Perspective
Authors: Stuhec M. , Ines P. , Stepan D. , Lea U. , Petek Ster M. , Beović B. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundDrug–drug interactions (DDIs) between antibiotics and psychopharmaceuticals in large national data have not been described yet.ObjectivesIn most European countries, there is no national data on DDIs in patients within nursing homes.AimTo present the most important DDIs in the Slovenian nursing homes to avoid serious DDIs in the future.MethodsA retrospective study was carried in 2015 and with 233 patient on antibiotic treatment. All study data from the patients’ records were obtained from the patients’ charts. DDIs were determined by different interaction classes with Lexicomp Online™ 19.0 version and only X (major interactions) and D (minor interactions) were included.ResultsA total of 233 patients (age = 83.5, SD = 9.8) were treated with antibiotics (only 2 without psychopharmaceuticals). The number of patients with at least 1 interaction was: 72 (30.9%) for X and 172 (73.8%) for D and the average number of medication/patient was 10.9 (SD = 3.9). Twenty-seven patients (11.5%) were treated with at least 1 X DDIs s (17 patients ciprofloxacin, 6 moxifloxacin, 3 azithromycin and 1 levofloxacin). Quetiapine and ciprofloxacin was most frequent DDIs occured in 12 patients. Twenty-seven DDIs were pharmacodynamic (QTc prolongation) and 3 pharmacokinetic (ciprofloxacin-tizanidine, ciprofloxacin and duloxetine in 2 patients; n = 3). Quetiapine was most frequent prescribed psychopharmaceutical in X DDIs.ConclusionsDDIs between these two groups are seen very often. If an antidepressant should be used in these patients, we recommend sertraline instead of escitalopram and venlafaxine instead of duloxetine and mirtazapine instead of quetiapine. We also recommend a use of penicilins instead of ciprofloxacin and azithromycin.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Acute psychotic disorder: Which future?
Authors: Soussia R. Ben , Bouallagui A. , Younes S. , Marrag I. , Nasr M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAt present, in absence of reliable clinical and evolutionary data, it is difficult to determine what the consequences of an acute psychotic disorder, specifically if it is a mode of entry into schizophrenia, a mood disorder or a short-lived episode.AimThe objective of this study was to describe the sociodemographic characteristics and evolutionary modalities of a population of patients with a first psychotic episode.MethodsThis is a retrospective descriptive study, which involved patients admitted to psychiatric ward EPS Mahdia for acute psychotic disorder according to DSM-VI-TR criteria. Data collection was conducted from archived observations and through a predetermined sheet.ResultsOne hundred and eleven patients were collected. The average age of the study population was 27 years, a male predominance was noted (59.5%), 52.3% were from urban, 73% of patients were single, 33.3% were from a consanguineous marriage. Among those patients with a first acute psychotic episode, 43 patients (38.7%) progressed to schizophrenia, 15.3% to bipolar disorder, 23, 4% to recovery while 22.5% were lost view.ConclusionThe long-term evolution of an acute psychotic disorder remains unpredictable. In fact, the severity is related primarily to the risk of developing a schizophrenic disorder or a mood disorder. In this context, attention is paid in recent years to recognize and seek the earliest possible factors associated with this development.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The relationship of emotion recognition with neuropsychological performance in patients with first episode psychosis
Authors: Dardagani A. , Dandi E. , Tsotsi S. , Nazou M. , Lagoudis A. , Bozikas V.P. 
Published: June 2017

The relationship between neuropsychological dysfunction and emotion perception has been frequently noted in various studies. Attention, for example, has been found to play an important role in emotion processing and recognition. Not many studies though, have examined this relationship in first psychotic episode patients. The aim of the present study was to explore the nature of the relation between performance in cognitive tests and a test that measures emotion perception. In a sample of 46 first psychotic episode patients (22 male), we administered a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological non-verbal tests and an emotion recognition test. The cognitive domains of attention, memory, working memory, visuospatial ability and executive function were examined, by using specific tests of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). The emotion recognition assessment comprised a new test that includes 35 coloured pictures of individuals expressing six basic emotions (happiness, sadness, anger, disgust, surprise, fear) and a neutral emotion. We used partial correlation–controlling for the effect of age–and we found a statistically significant relationship between emotion recognition and overall cognitive performance. More specifically, attention, visual memory and visuospatial ability positively correlated with emotion recognition. In regard to specific cognitive domains, attention positively correlated with anger and fear, whereas visual memory correlated with happiness and fear. In conclusion, it seems that the role of underlying visual processes in emotion perception has to be further examined and evaluated in this group of patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Driving Ability and Psychotropic Drugs: Introduction, Epidemiology and General Aspects
Authors: Brunnauer A. 
Published: June 2017

Psychiatric illness, psychotropic drugs and driving ability. For most people driving is an important activity in daily life affecting physical, social, and economic well-being. Driving mobility is also an important part of one's self-identity that may influence health status. It could be demonstrated that 67% of psychiatric patients reported to have a valid driver's license and 77% of them referred to regularly use their cars. Closer inspection of data reveals, that road mobility is largely linked to psycho-functional status. In this context a significant issue is the impact of medical conditions and/or psychoactive medicines on road safety. Psychiatric patients, considered as a group, seem to have a moderately elevated risk of being involved in a road traffic accident with high-risk rates especially for organic mental disorders. With respect to pharmacotherapy, within psychotropic medicines an increased road traffic crash risk for benzodiazepines, z-hypnotics and some antidepressants has been well documented. The combination of psychoactive drugs additionally increases risk that is highest when combined with alcohol. However, therapeutic drug use may also lower risk, as the illness itself constitutes a higher risk of road traffic accidents. As many studies did not adequately control for confounding factors, results of epidemiological studies must be interpreted cautiously.Disclosure of interestThe author declares that he has no competing interest.
The importance of family in the long-term evolution of psychoses
Authors: Dehelean L. , Cornoiu C. , Romosan A.M. , Romosan R.S. , Papava I. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAdherence and tolerance to treatment are important factors, which may predict the long-term evolution of a psychosis. Family members may influence prognosis by modulating emotional expressivity and treatment supervision.ObjectivesTo assess the role of family members in the long-term evolution of psychoses.MethodThe present study is retrospective, conducted on patients with psychosis. Data were obtained from psychiatric records extending for a period of four years. The following parameters were analyzed: socio-demographic data, family relationships (parents, spouses) and clinical/evolutive data (onset age for psychosis, number of recurrences).ResultsWe analyzed 71 patients, 42 (59.2%) women and 29 (40.8%) men with a mean age of 30.38 years (SD = 9.33). The subjects were diagnosed according to ICD 10 criteria with acute and transient psychotic disorder (50 patients, 70.4%), schizophrenia (13 patients, 18.3%), and schizoaffective disorder (8 patients, 11.3%). Patients who reported conflicts between parents had significantly more recurrences (t = –2.1, P = 0.04), while those who reported satisfactory relationships in their family of origin had fewer recurrences (t = 2.58, P = 0.01) and a later onset age (t = –2.89, P = 0.006). Unmarried/single subjects had the psychosis onset at a significantly earlier age (t = 4.72, P = 0.0001). In addition, these patients had more conflicts between parents (Z = –2.02, P = 0.04) in comparison with married ones.ConclusionsConflicts in the family of origin may predispose to a greater number of recurrences and to an earlier disorder onset. The presence of a spouse may represent a protective factor.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.