bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weekend days are not required to accurately measure oral intake in hospitalised patients
Authors: Chapple L. S. , Deane A. M. , Lange K. , Kranz A. J. , Williams L. T. , Chapman M. J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundNutrition studies in patients admitted to hospital frequently disregard oral intake because measurement is time‐intensive and logistically challenging. In free‐living populations, weighed food records (WFR) are the gold‐standard and are conducted on weekend and weekdays to capture variations in intake, although this may not translate during hospitalisation. The present study aimed to determine whether oral intake differs between weekends and weekdays in hospitalised patients.MethodsFor adult patients initially admitted to the intensive therapy unit with a moderate‐severe head injury over a 12‐month period, WFR were conducted each week on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday throughout hospitalisation. Meal components were weighed before and after consumption, and energy and protein intakes were calculated using specialised software. Data are reported as the mean (SD). Differences were assessed using paired t‐tests and agreement using Bland–Altman plots.ResultsThirty‐two patients had WFR collected on 220 days, 68% (n = 149) on weekdays and 32% (n = 71) on weekends. Overall, daily intakes were 5.72 (3.67) MJ [1367 (877) kcal] and 62 (40) g protein. There were no differences in intake across all days (P = 0.937 energy, P = 0.797 protein), nor between weekdays and weekends, in weeks 1–3 of oral intake (all P > 0.1). Limits of agreement between mean intakes across days were wide for energy [range −11.20 to 9.55 MJ (−2680 to 2283 kcal)] and protein (range −125 to 110 g).ConclusionsGrouped energy and protein intakes from WFR in hospitalised patients are similar on weekdays and weekends, although large intra‐patient variations occur. Future quantification of oral intake during hospitalisation should include as many days as feasible, although not necessarily weekend days, to reflect true intake.
The Dyadic Effects of Supportive Coparenting and Parental Stress on Relationship Quality Across the Transition to Parenthood
Authors: Durtschi Jared A. , Soloski Kristy L. , Kimmes Jonathan 
Published: October 2016

The transition to first‐time parenthood can be challenging for couples. Using a sample of 848 ethnically diverse couples from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study across the first 3 years of parenthood, we investigated the longitudinal and dyadic associations of each parents’ parental stress, supportive coparenting, and relationship quality. Results from an actor–partner interdependence model indicated that supportive coparenting significantly predicted higher relationship quality for both mothers and fathers. Fathers’ supportive coparenting significantly buffered the effects of mothers’ parental stress on relationship quality. Also, the unique dyadic contexts of each parents’ supportive coparenting, and also both partners’ parental stress were significantly associated with relationship quality. Clinical implications from these findings are discussed through commonly used clinical theories.
Myocardial infarction, patient decision delay and help‐seeking behaviour: a thematic analysis
Authors: Coventry Linda L , van Schalkwyk Johanna W , Thompson Peter L , Hawkins Scott A , Hegney Desley G 
Published: October 2016

Aims and objectivesTo explore patient decision delay, the symptom experience and factors that motivated the patient experiencing myocardial infarction to go to the emergency department.BackgroundReperfusion for myocardial infarction is more effective if performed as soon as possible after the onset of symptoms. Multiple studies show that prehospital delay is long and can average several hours.DesignA qualitative descriptive design using semi‐structured interviews.MethodsAll consecutive myocardial infarction patients who between July 2013–January 2014 at a single‐centre metropolitan tertiary hospital in Western Australia were included. Patient responses to an open‐ended question were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using Braun & Clarke (Qual Res Psychol, 3, 2006, 77–101) thematic analysis method.ResultsOf the 367 eligible, 255 provided consent. Three themes emerged from the qualitative analyses: (1) onset and response to symptoms, and this included three subthemes: context of the event, diversity of symptom interpretation and response to symptoms; (2) help‐seeking behaviour, and this included the patient seeking help from various lay and professional sources; and (3) help‐seeking outcomes, which include calling the emergency ambulance, going to emergency department, seeing a general practitioner, seeing a general practitioner who advised them to go home.ConclusionThe context of the event, their symptomatology and the layperson who was the first point of contact influenced the decision for the patient to go to the emergency department. Many patients used private transport or contacted their general practitioner. New knowledge from this study emphasises the importance of the layperson understanding the appropriate response is to seek prompt care through immediate emergency transport by ambulance to emergency department.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study highlights the need to educate both the patient and the wider public, not only to seek prompt care but to also to call the emergency ambulance to arrange transport to the emergency department.
Paediatric lymphoedema: A retrospective chart review of 86 cases
Authors: Watt Hilary , Singh-Grewal Davinder , Wargon Orli , Adams Susan 
Published: October 2016

AimTo define the clinical characteristics, investigations, management and outcomes of lymphoedema in a paediatric cohort.MethodsA retrospective chart review of children with lymphoedema seen at two tertiary paediatric hospitals since 1998. Telephone interviews with parents were performed when information was missing. Information recorded included demographic data, features of diagnosis and clinical presentation, symptoms, complications and treatment.ResultsA total of 86 patients with lymphoedema were identified. Eighty cases (93%) were primary and six cases (7%) were secondary. Most were female (60%). Location of swelling was most commonly the lower limbs (94%). There were 13 cases (15%) of genital involvement. Swelling presented in the first 12 months of life in 60% of primary lymphoedema patients. Complications of lymphoedema occurred in 73% of patients. Lymphoscintigraphy was the most common investigation used (65%), followed by ultrasound (57%) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (35%). Eight of the 48 (17%) lymphoscintigraphs produced a false negative result or were inconclusive with a correct diagnosis subsequently made clinically and using MRI. Average time to diagnosis was 9 months. Lymphoedema was managed with compression garments (99%), manual lymph drainage (97%) and multilayered bandaging (68%). Eight patients had an operative procedure as a part of management.ConclusionsPrimary lymphoedema is more common than secondary lymphoedema in children. Onset tends to be during infancy for both males and females, and the lower limb is typically involved. Causes of secondary lymphoedema are diverse and rare. Diagnosis in children is often delayed but is possible based on history and physical examination alone and when further investigation is necessary MRI is effective.
Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, laboratory findings and severity of respiratory syncytial virus acute lower respiratory infection in Malaysian children, 2008–2013
Authors: Ng Khuen F , Tan Kah K , Sam Zhi H , Ting Grace SS , Gan Wan Y 
Published: October 2016

AimThe aim of this study is to describe epidemiology, clinical features, laboratory data and severity of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in Malaysian children and to determine risk factors associated with prolonged hospital stay, paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission and mortality.MethodsRetrospective data on demographics, clinical presentation, outcomes and laboratory findings of 450 children admitted into Tuanku Jaafar Hospital in Seremban, Malaysia from 2008 to 2013 with documented diagnosis of RSV ALRI were collected and analysed.ResultsMost admissions were children below 2 years old (85.8%; 386/450). Commonest symptoms were fever (84.2%; 379/450), cough (97.8%; 440/450) and rhinorrhea (83.6%; 376/450). The median age among febrile patients (n = 379) was 9.0 months with interquartile range (IQR) of 4.0‐19.0 months whereas the median age among those who were apyrexial (n = 71) was 2 months with IQR of 1‐6 months (P‐value <0.001). 15.3% (69/450) needed intensive care and 1.6% (7/450) died. Young age, history of prematurity, chronic comorbidity and thrombocytosis were significantly associated with prolonged hospital stay, PICU admission and mortality.ConclusionsInfants less than 6 months old with RSV ALRI tend to be afebrile at presentation. Younger age, history of prematurity, chronic comorbidity and thrombocytosis are predictors of severe RSV ALRI among Malaysian children. Case fatality rate for Malaysian children below 5 years of age with RSV ALRI in our centre is higher than what is seen in developed countries, suggesting that there is room for improvement.
Alpha-lipoic acid–stearylamine conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles for tamoxifen delivery: formulation, optimization, in-vivo pharmacokinetic and hepatotoxicity study
Authors: Dhaundiyal Ankit , Jena Sunil K , Samal Sanjaya K , Sonvane Bhavin , Chand Mahesh , Sangamwar Abhay T 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Objectives
This study was designed to demonstrate the potential of novel α-lipoic acid–stearylamine (ALA-SA) conjugate-based solid lipid nanoparticles in modulating the pharmacokinetics and hepatotoxicity of tamoxifen (TMX).

Methods
α-lipoic acid–stearylamine bioconjugate was synthesized via carbodiimide chemistry and used as a lipid moiety for the generation of TMX-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (TMX-SLNs). TMX-SLNs were prepared by solvent emulsification–diffusion method and optimized for maximum drug loading using rotatable central composite design. The optimized TMX-SLNs were stabilized using 10% w/w trehalose as cryoprotectant. In addition, pharmacokinetics and hepatotoxicity of freeze-dried TMX-SLNs were also evaluated in Sprague Dawley rats.

Key findings
Initial characterization with transmission electron microscopy revealed spherical morphology with smooth surface having an average particle size of 261.08 ± 2.13 nm. The observed entrapment efficiency was 40.73 ± 2.83%. In-vitro release study showed TMX release was slow and pH dependent. Pharmacokinetic study revealed a 1.59-fold increase in relative bioavailability as compared to TMX suspension. A decrease in hepatotoxicity of TMX is evidenced by the histopathological evaluation of liver tissues.

Conclusions
α-lipoic acid–stearylamine conjugate-based SLNs have a great potential in enhancing the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs like TMX. Moreover, this ALA-SA nanoparticulate system could be of significant value in long-term anticancer therapy with least side effects.
Bone‐site‐specific responses to zoledronic acid
Authors: Vermeer JAF , Renders GAP , van Duin MA , Jansen IDC , Bakker LF , Kroon SA , de Vries TJ , Everts V 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesBisphosphonates are widely used to treat bone diseases such as osteoporosis. However, they may cause osteonecrosis of the jaw. Here, we investigated whether in vivo exposure to bisphosphonates has a different effect on long bone and jaw osteoclasts, and on the turnover of these different bones.Materials and MethodsZoledronic acid (0.5 mg kg−1 weekly) was administered intraperitoneally to 3‐month‐old female mice for up to 6 months. The effects on the number of osteoclasts, bone mineralization and bone formation were measured in the long bones and in the jaw.ResultsLong‐term treatment with zoledronic acid reduced the number of jaw bone marrow cells, without affecting the number of long bone marrow cells. Zoledronic acid treatment did not affect the number of osteoclasts in vivo. Yet, the bisphosphonate increased bone volume and mineral density of both long bone and jaw. Interestingly, 6 months of treatment suppressed bone formation in the long bones without affecting the jaw. Unexpectedly, we showed that bisphosphonates can cause molar root resorption, mediated by active osteoclasts.ConclusionsOur findings provide more insight into bone‐site‐specific effects of bisphosphonates and into the aetiology of osteonecrosis of the jaw. We demonstrated that bisphosphonates can stimulate osteoclast activity at the molar roots.
The oldest durophagous teleosauroid (Crocodylomorpha, Thalattosuchia) from the lower Bathonian of central High Atlas, Morocco
Authors: Jouve Stéphane , Mennecart Bastien , Douteau Julien , Jalil Nour‐Eddine 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMarine crocodylomorphs were particularly abundant in Europe during the Middle Jurassic, but were very scarce in Africa. New finds of thalattosuchian cranial remains in Morocco suggest that this scarcity is probably related to poor sampling rather than original diversity. These remains pertain to the coastal thalattosuchians, the teleosauroids, and particularly to the clade grouping the blunt‐toothed ‘Steneosaurus’ obtusidens and the genus Machimosaurus. A new tribe is erected grouping these two taxa: Machimosaurini. Until now the machimosaurins have been known from the middle Callovian. The new material extends the presence of this group further back to the lower Bathonian, nearly 5 myr earlier. The machimosaurins are the only teleosauroid group that has been recently reviewed, and the difference between the revised diversity provided herein and that previously reported is large. A review of other teleosauroids and clear establishment of their phylogenetic relationships are also likely to have considerable impact on their observed diversity. So, until a complete review of the teleosauroids is carried out, the results of crocodylomorph diversity analyses should be treated with caution.
Acne Fulminans: Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Alakeel Abdullah , Ferneiny Marie , Auffret Nicole , Bodemer Christine 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAcne fulminans (AF) is a rare manifestation and the most severe form of the entire clinical spectrum of acne. The disease is destructive and is characterized by the sudden onset of painful and ulcerative pustules and systemic symptoms including high fever, hepatomegaly, polyarthralgia, leukocytosis, plaquetose, and increased inflammatory markers and transaminases. Osteolytic lesions in multiple skeletal sites could also be associated. The use of isotretinoin is considered a related trigger, as well as the use and cessation of testosterone, although a bacterial infection, a drug‐induced disease, or an intake of anabolic androgenic steroids has been suggested. The treatment of AF is challenging and controversial. The recommended treatment is aggressive and consists of a combination of oral steroids and low doses of isotretinoin, with no consensus at this time. The patient may require several weeks of hospitalization to control the eruption. The cutaneous lesions usually leave scars and milia. We report on two boys and two girls presenting with AF, triggered by isotretinoin in three patients and by an antibiotic in one patient. All the patients treated with corticosteroids and isotretinoin with success.
Newly Described Autoinflammatory Diseases in Pediatric Dermatology
Authors: Xirotagaros Georgios , Hernández‐Ostiz Sergio , Aróstegui Juan Ignacio , Torrelo Antonio 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSpecific gene mutations leading to dysregulation of innate immune response produce the expanding spectrum of monogenic autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs). They are characterized by seemingly unprovoked, recurrent episodes of systemic inflammation in which a myriad of manifestations usually affect skin. Novel genetic technologies have led to the discovery of new AIDs and phenotypes that were not previously clinically described. Consequently the number of AIDs is continuously growing and their recognition and the disclosure of their pathophysiology will prompt early diagnosis and targeted treatment of affected patients. The objective of the present work is to review those newly described AIDs with prominent dermatologic manifestations that may constitute a major criterion for their diagnosis.
High SchoolCPR/AEDTraining in Washington State
Authors: Salvatierra Gail G. , Palazzo Steven J. , Emery Allison 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectiveDescribe the rates ofCPR/AEDtraining in high schools in the state of Washington after passage of legislation mandatingCPR/AEDtraining.Design and SampleA web‐based survey was sent to administrators at 660 public and private high schools in the state of Washington.Results and ConclusionsThe survey was completed by 148 schools (22%); 64% reported providingCPRtraining and 54% providedAEDtraining. Reported barriers to implementation included instructor availability, cost, and a lack of equipment. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the sample characteristics and implementation rates. Mandates without resources and support do not ensure implementation ofCPR/AEDtraining in high schools. Full public health benefits of aCPRmandate will not be realized until barriers to implementation are identified and eliminated through use of available, accessible public health resources.
What is Trust? A Multidisciplinary Review, Critique, and Synthesis
Authors: Robbins Blaine G. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDespite decades of interdisciplinary research on trust, the literature remains fragmented and balkanized with little consensus regarding its origins. This review documents how this came to be and attempts to offer a solution. Specifically, it evaluates issues of conceptualization found in the trust literature. I recommend that we move away from varieties of trust – multidimensional conceptualizations of trust – and toward a single trust concept built around four essential properties: actor A's beliefs, actor B's trustworthiness, the matter(s) at hand, and unknown outcomes. I finish the article by proposing a synthetic structural‐cognitive theoretical framework for investigating the causes and consequences of trust in everyday life.
Neoliberalism and Health: The Linkages and the Dangers
Authors: Schrecker Ted 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA recent book addresses the health effects of neoliberalism using the provocative rubric of ‘neoliberal epidemics’. This article reviews literature on the health effects of neoliberalism starting with the structural adjustment conditionalities mandated by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. It continues with an analysis of how neoliberalism increases economic insecurity and inequality, and the effects on health, with a section specific to the health impacts of austerity measures undertaken after the financial crisis that began in 2007. The next section considers contemporary trade policy as an embodiment of neoliberal ideology, and reviews current and anticipated health effects. The article concludes with a brief examination of two paradoxes that are evident in the research literature on neoliberalism and health.
Boundaries and barriers: Racialized dynamics of political power
Authors: Rosino Michael L. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractRecent sociological works establish the significance and role of the state and political sphere in the enactment of racial oppression and construction of racial categories. However, less understood are the racialized dynamics that mediate exclusion and access to political power, particularly at the meso‐ and micro‐levels. Synthesizing extant theory and research on racial inequality, the state, politics, and power, this article advances a framework centering on boundaries and barriers. First, it discusses the relationship between the state and political sphere, political power, and racial inequality. Next, it explores the literature on the deployment and contestation of racialized boundaries to the symbolic and material benefits of the state. It then examines the literature on racialized barriers to engagement, participation, and influence in the political sphere.The article concludes by suggesting future research in the related areas of agenda‐setting and influence and the microdynamics of political power.
Regional and Special Issues in Social Policy & Administration
Authors: Jones Finer Catherine , Greve Bent 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article explores the emergence and elaboration of regional and special issues of Social Policy & Administration (SP&A) from the contrasting perspectives of the two editors principally involved in their production as a distinctive feature of the journal.Catherine Jones Finer, who retired from editorial involvement in 2007, writes from memory of her own experience (which featured the introduction of regional then special issues as an ongoing series) drawing on the run of printed copies of SP&A still in her possession. Bent Greve then draws on his own access to a much wider and more up‐to‐date range of documents to trace trends and developments over time, not merely in the content of the regional and special issues themselves, but in the increasingly international and supra‐national social policy environment to which they relate.
Activation of ethylene signaling pathways enhances disease resistance by regulating ROS and phytoalexin production in rice
Authors: Yang Chao , Li Wen , Cao Jidong , Meng Fanwei , Yu Yongqi , Huang Junkai , Jiang Lan , Liu Muxing , Zhang Zhengguang , Chen Xuewei , Miyamoto Koji , Yamane Hisakazu , Zhang Jinsong , Chen Shouyi , Liu Jun 
Published: October 2016

SummaryEthylene plays diverse roles in plant growth, development and stress responses. However, the roles of ethylene signaling in immune responses remain largely unknown. In this study, we showed that the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae infection activated ethylene biosynthesis in rice. Resistant rice cultivars accumulated higher levels of ethylene than susceptible ones. Ethylene signaling components OsEIN2 and the downstream transcription factor OsEIL1 positively regulated disease resistance. Mutation of OsEIN2 led to enhanced disease susceptibility. Whole‐genome transcription analysis revealed that responsive genes of ethylene, jasmonates (JAs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling as well as phytoalexin biosynthesis genes were remarkably induced. Transcription of OsrbohA/B, which encode NADPH oxidases, and OsOPRs, the JA biosynthesis genes, were induced by M. oryzae infection. Furthermore, we demonstrated that OsEIL1 binds to the promoters of OsrbohA/OsrbohB and OsOPR4 to activate their expression. These data suggest that OsEIN2‐mediated OsrbohA/OsrbohB and OsOPR transcription may play essential roles in ROS generation, JA biosynthesis and the subsequent phytoalexin accumulation. Therefore, the involvement of ethylene signaling in disease resistance is probably by activation of ROS and phytoalexin production in rice during M. oryzae infection.