bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surround inhibition can instantly be modulated by changing the attentional focus
Authors: Kuhn Yves-Alain , Keller Martin , Lauber Benedikt , Taube Wolfgang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTo further investigate the mechanism of surround inhibition (SI) and to determine whether adopting different attentional strategies might have an impact on the modulation of SI, the effects of adopting an external (EF) or internal focus of attention (IF) on SI and motor performance were investigated. While performing an index flexion with either an EF or IF, transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied at various time points in 14 healthy subjects. When adopting an EF compared to an IF, the results show an improved motor performance (+14.7% in MVC) and a reduced bEMG in the adjacent APB (−22.3%) during maximal index flexion. This was accompanied by an increased SI in the APB with an EF (+26.4%). Additionally, the decrease in bEMG correlated with the magnitude of SI in APB. The current results demonstrate an efficient way to modulate SI by changing the attentional focus in healthy subjects and might, at least in part, explain the better motor performance being associated with an EF. The present findings help to better understand the positive mechanisms of an EF on SI in the healthy motor system and may also points towards a treatment strategy in pathologies with disturbed SI such as focal hand dystonia.
Genome and secretome analysis of Pochonia chlamydosporia provide new insight into egg-parasitic mechanisms
Authors: Lin Runmao , Qin Feifei , Shen Baoming , Shi Qianqian , Liu Chichuan , Zhang Xi , Jiao Yang , Lu Jun , Gao Yaoyao , Suarez-Fernandez Marta , Lopez-Moya Federico , Lopez-Llorca Luis Vicente , Wang Gang , Mao Zhenchuan , Ling Jian , Yang Yuhong , Cheng Xinyue , Xie Bingyan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPochonia chlamydosporia infects eggs and females of economically important plant-parasitic nematodes. The fungal isolates parasitizing different nematodes are genetically distinct. To understand their intraspecific genetic differentiation, parasitic mechanisms, and adaptive evolution, we assembled seven putative chromosomes of P. chlamydosporia strain 170 isolated from root-knot nematode eggs (~44 Mb, including 7.19% of transposable elements) and compared them with the genome of the strain 123 (~41 Mb) isolated from cereal cyst nematode. We focus on secretomes of the fungus, which play important roles in pathogenicity and fungus-host/environment interactions, and identified 1,750 secreted proteins, with a high proportion of carboxypeptidases, subtilisins, and chitinases. We analyzed the phylogenies of these genes and predicted new pathogenic molecules. By comparative transcriptome analysis, we found that secreted proteins involved in responses to nutrient stress are mainly comprised of proteases and glycoside hydrolases. Moreover, 32 secreted proteins undergoing positive selection and 71 duplicated gene pairs encoding secreted proteins are identified. Two duplicated pairs encoding secreted glycosyl hydrolases (GH30), which may be related to fungal endophytic process and lost in many insect-pathogenic fungi but exist in nematophagous fungi, are putatively acquired from bacteria by horizontal gene transfer. The results help understanding genetic origins and evolution of parasitism-related genes.
TPGLDA: Novel prediction of associations between lncRNAs and diseases via lncRNA-disease-gene tripartite graph
Authors: Ding Liang , Wang Minghui , Sun Dongdong , Li Ao 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAccumulating evidences have indicated that lncRNAs play an important role in various human complex diseases. However, known disease-related lncRNAs are still comparatively small in number, and experimental identification is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Therefore, developing a useful computational method for inferring potential associations between lncRNAs and diseases has become a hot topic, which can significantly help people to explore complex human diseases at the molecular level and effectively advance the quality of disease diagnostics, therapy, prognosis and prevention. In this paper, we propose a novel prediction of lncRNA-disease associations via lncRNA-disease-gene tripartite graph (TPGLDA), which integrates gene-disease associations with lncRNA-disease associations. Compared to previous studies, TPGLDA can be used to better delineate the heterogeneity of coding-non-coding genes-disease association and can effectively identify potential lncRNA-disease associations. After implementing the leave-one-out cross validation, TPGLDA achieves an AUC value of 93.9% which demonstrates its good predictive performance. Moreover, the top 5 predicted rankings of lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and ovarian cancer are manually confirmed by different relevant databases and literatures, affording convincing evidence of the good performance as well as potential value of TPGLDA in identifying potential lncRNA-disease associations. Matlab and R codes of TPGLDA can be found at following:https://github.com/USTC-HIlab/TPGLDA.
Synthesis of Luminescent Carbon Dots with Ultrahigh Quantum Yield and Inherent Folate Receptor-Positive Cancer Cell Targetability
Authors: Liu Haifang , Li Zhaohui , Sun Yuanqiang , Geng Xin , Hu Yalei , Meng Hongmin , Ge Jia , Qu Lingbo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCarbon dots (CDs) have a wide range of applications in chemical, physical and biomedical research fields. We are particularly interested in the use of CDs as fluorescence nanomaterials for targeted tumor cell imaging. One of the important aspects of success is to enhance the fluorescence quantum yields (QY) of CDs as well as increase their targetability to tumor cells. However, most of the reported CDs are limited by relative low QY. In the current study, for the first time, one-step synthesis of highly luminescent CDs by using folic acid (FA) as single precursor was obtained in natural water through hydrothermal method. The as-prepared CDs exhibited QY as high as 94.5% in water, which is even higher than most of organic fluorescent dyes. The obtained CDs showed excellent photoluminescent activity, high photostability and favorable biocompatibility. The FA residuals in CDs led to extraordinary targetability to cancer cells and promoted folate receptor-mediated cellular uptake successfully, which holds a great potential in biological and bioimaging studies.
Association between plasma concentrations of branched-chain amino acids and adipokines in Japanese adults without diabetes
Authors: Katagiri Ryoko , Goto Atsushi , Budhathoki Sanjeev , Yamaji Taiki , Yamamoto Hiroshi , Kato Yumiko , Iwasaki Motoki , Tsugane Shoichiro 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPrevious studies have consistently reported an association between circulating levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) or adipokines and insulin resistance; however, the association between BCAA and adipokine levels remains to be clarified. In this cross-sectional study involving 678 participants (435 men) without diabetes, plasma BCAA (valine, leucine, and isoleucine), adipokine (total and high molecular weight [HMW] adiponectin, leptin, and tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]) concentrations, and an updated homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) were measured. The association between the concentrations of total BCAAs and adipokines was adjusted for confounding factors, including body mass index. For the lowest and highest BCAA quartiles, the adjusted geometric mean levels of HMW adiponectin were, respectively, 1.51 and 0.91 μg/mL, in men (P for trend < 0.0001); 3.61 and 2.29 μg/mL, in women (P = 0.0005). The corresponding geometric mean levels for leptin were 1681 and 2620 pg/mL, in men (P = 0.003), and 4270 and 6510 pg/mL, in women (P = 0.003). Those for HOMA2-IR were 0.89 and 1.11, in men (P < 0.0001), and 0.79 and 0.96, in women (P < 0.0001); no significant association was found with TNF-α. These results suggest significant associations between BCAA concentrations and those for adiponectin, leptin and HOMA2-IR in individuals without diabetes.
Effects of graphene intercalation on dielectric reliability of HfO2 and modulation of effective work function for Ni/Gr/c-HfO2 interfaces: first-principles study
Authors: Zhong Kehua , Yang Yanmin , Zhang Jian-Min , Xu Guigui , Huang Zhigao 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe have investigated the effects of graphene intercalation on dielectric reliability of HfO2 for Ni/Gr/HfO2 interfaces, and the effects of graphene intercalation and interfacial atom vacancy on the effective work function (EWF) of Ni/Gr/HfO2 interfaces using first-principle calculation based on density functional theory. The calculated results indicate that graphene intercalation can improve dielectric reliability of HfO2 dielectric even for the interfaces having interfacial oxygen vacancy or a small amount carbon vacancy. Moreover, the calculated results indicate that, inserting graphene into Ni/HfO2 interface induces the EWF’s to decline, and controlling interfacial oxygen or carbon vacancy can effectively tune the EWF of Ni/Gr/HfO2 interface. Our work strongly suggests that the use of graphene synthesized into Ni/HfO2 interface is a very effective way to improve the interface quality, and controlling interfacial oxygen or carbon vacancy is also an attractive and promising way for modulating the EWF of Ni/Gr/HfO2 interfaces.
Motor signatures of emotional reactivity in frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Marshall Charles R. , Hardy Chris J. D. , Russell Lucy L. , Clark Camilla N. , Bond Rebecca L. , Dick Katrina M. , Brotherhood Emilie V. , Mummery Cath J. , Schott Jonathan M. , Rohrer Jonathan D. , Kilner James M. , Warren Jason D. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAutomatic motor mimicry is essential to the normal processing of perceived emotion, and disrupted automatic imitation might underpin socio-emotional deficits in neurodegenerative diseases, particularly the frontotemporal dementias. However, the pathophysiology of emotional reactivity in these diseases has not been elucidated. We studied facial electromyographic responses during emotion identification on viewing videos of dynamic facial expressions in 37 patients representing canonical frontotemporal dementia syndromes versus 21 healthy older individuals. Neuroanatomical associations of emotional expression identification accuracy and facial muscle reactivity were assessed using voxel-based morphometry. Controls showed characteristic profiles of automatic imitation, and this response predicted correct emotion identification. Automatic imitation was reduced in the behavioural and right temporal variant groups, while the normal coupling between imitation and correct identification was lost in the right temporal and semantic variant groups. Grey matter correlates of emotion identification and imitation were delineated within a distributed network including primary visual and motor, prefrontal, insular, anterior temporal and temporo-occipital junctional areas, with common involvement of supplementary motor cortex across syndromes. Impaired emotional mimesis may be a core mechanism of disordered emotional signal understanding and reactivity in frontotemporal dementia, with implications for the development of novel physiological biomarkers of socio-emotional dysfunction in these diseases.
Quantification of massively parallel sequencing libraries – a comparative study of eight methods
Authors: Hussing Christian , Kampmann Marie-Louise , Mogensen Helle Smidt , Børsting Claus , Morling Niels 
Published: January 2018

AbstractQuantification of massively parallel sequencing libraries is important for acquisition of monoclonal beads or clusters prior to clonal amplification and to avoid large variations in library coverage when multiple samples are included in one sequencing analysis. No gold standard for quantification of libraries exists. We assessed eight methods of quantification of libraries by quantifying 54 amplicon, six capture, and six shotgun fragment libraries. Chemically synthesized double-stranded DNA was also quantified. Light spectrophotometry, i.e. NanoDrop, was found to give the highest concentration estimates followed by Qubit and electrophoresis-based instruments (Bioanalyzer, TapeStation, GX Touch, and Fragment Analyzer), while SYBR Green and TaqMan based qPCR assays gave the lowest estimates. qPCR gave more accurate predictions of sequencing coverage than Qubit and TapeStation did. Costs, time-consumption, workflow simplicity, and ability to quantify multiple samples are discussed. Technical specifications, advantages, and disadvantages of the various methods are pointed out.
Viral highway to nucleus exposed by image correlation analyses
Authors: Mäntylä Elina , Chacko Jenu V. , Aho Vesa , Parrish Colin R. , Shahin Victor , Kann Michael , Digman Michelle A. , Gratton Enrico , Vihinen-Ranta Maija 
Published: January 2018

AbstractParvoviral genome translocation from the plasma membrane into the nucleus is a coordinated multistep process mediated by capsid proteins. We used fast confocal microscopy line scan imaging combined with image correlation methods including auto-, pair- and cross-correlation, and number and brightness analysis, to study the parvovirus entry pathway at the single-particle level in living cells. Our results show that the endosome-associated movement of virus particles fluctuates from fast to slow. Fast transit of single cytoplasmic capsids to the nuclear envelope is followed by slow movement of capsids and fast diffusion of capsid fragments in the nucleoplasm. The unique combination of image analyses allowed us to follow the fate of intracellular single virus particles and their interactions with importin β revealing previously unknown dynamics of the entry pathway.
Glacial vicariance drives phylogeographic diversification in the amphi-boreal kelp Saccharina latissima
Authors: Neiva João , Paulino Cristina , Nielsen Mette M. , Krause-Jensen Dorte , Saunders Gary W. , Assis Jorge , Bárbara Ignacio , Tamigneaux Éric , Gouveia Licínia , Aires Tânia , Marbà Núria , Bruhn Annette , Pearson Gareth A. , Serrão Ester A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractGlacial vicariance is regarded as one of the most prevalent drivers of phylogeographic structure and speciation among high-latitude organisms, but direct links between ice advances and range fragmentation have been more difficult to establish in marine than in terrestrial systems. Here we investigate the evolution of largely disjunct (and potentially reproductively isolated) phylogeographic lineages within the amphi-boreal kelp Saccharina latissima s. l. Using molecular data (COI, microsatellites) we confirm that S. latissima comprises also the NE Pacific S. cichorioides complex and is composed of divergent lineages with limited range overlap and genetic admixture. Only a few genetic hybrids were detected throughout a Canadian Arctic/NW Greenland contact zone. The degree of genetic differentiation and sympatric isolation of phylogroups suggest that S. latissima s. l. represents a complex of incipient species. Phylogroup distributions compared with paleo-environmental reconstructions of the cryosphere further suggest that diversification within S. latissima results from chronic glacial isolation in disjunct persistence areas intercalated with ephemeral interglacial poleward expansions and admixture at high-latitude (Arctic) contact zones. This study thus supports a role for glaciations not just in redistributing pre-existing marine lineages but also as a speciation pump across multi-glacial cycles for marine organisms otherwise exhibiting cosmopolite amphi-boreal distributions.
Diagnosing Meniscal Pathology and Understanding How to Evaluate a Postoperative Meniscus Based on the Operative Procedure
Authors: Probyn Linda , Chahal Jaskarndip , White Lawrence , Tafur Monica 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) represents the preferred noninvasive imaging technique to diagnose meniscal pathology in the pre- and postoperative setting. Furthermore, characterization of meniscal tissue MR properties has been possible by the development of advanced MRI techniques. Suspected meniscal tears are a frequent indication for MRI and the International Society of Arthroscopy, Knee Surgery and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine (ISAKOS) classification system has been developed to facilitate accurate and uniform reporting of such meniscal tears. Partial meniscectomy and meniscal suture repair are among the commonly performed procedures and several signs have been described to detect postoperative recurrent tears on MRI. Other techniques that have proven useful for meniscal assessment are ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) arthrography. In recent years, US is being increasingly used in the selective assessment of some meniscal pathology such as tears, parameniscal cysts and meniscal extrusion as it is a relatively inexpensive, accessible, and safe technique. CT arthrography has been advocated as an acceptable alternative in patients with contraindications for MRI, with comparable diagnostic performance.
Hemodinâmica e variações pressóricas compartimentadas no nidus residual: modelos hipotéticos aplicados à cirurgia
Authors: Stávale-Joaquim Marcos Augusto 
Published: January 2018

ResumoO autor classifica e discute as possibilidades de variações hemodinâmicas que ocorrem após a remoção parcial de um angioma, em relação ao nidus residual. O estudo é realizado utilizando-se os conceitos de pressão hidrostática arterial e venosa, pressão hidrostática do nidus, pressão transmural e gradiente pressórico, dentro da hidráulica e dinâmica dos fluidos, mas de maneira simplificada e objetiva.
Meios contínuos em neurocirurgia vascular e neurorradiologia intervencionista. Parte I
Authors: Ortiz-Velázquez Rogelio Iván , Pereira Caldas Jose Guilherme Mendes , Santos Franco Jorge Arturo , Pimentel Rodrigo Mercado , Revuelta Rogelio 
Published: January 2018

ResumoOs aneurismas e as placas de ateroma compartem não somente um elevado índice de morbimortalidade, como também sua localização. Isso sugere que fatores hemodinâmicos contribuam no seu desenvolvimento. A quantificação de forças hemodinâmicas é complicada, especialmente em vasos intracranianos; porém, avanços recentes em mecânica computacional têm permitido calcular sua magnitude e distribuição em modelos arteriais com ajuda de técnicas de dinâmica de fluidos computacionais. No entanto, a compreensão desses modelos e a verificação de sua validade e limitações dependem do conhecimento de seu desenho e dos parâmetros hemodinâmicos utilizados. Por outro lado, a determinação das propriedades mecânicas das paredes arteriais é crucial, não somente para a compreensão das alterações do sistema cardiovascular no tempo e das causas responsáveis que dão origem às lesões vasculares, bem como para a realização da angioplastia, o planejamento de pontes arteriais e a seleção de próteses endovasculares. Dessa forma, a mais importante contribuição que podemos obter do conhecimento da biomecânica, em geral, e da mecânica dos meios contínuos, em particular, se encontra no melhor entendimento da fisiologia. Nesta revisão, passamos pelos conceitos fundamentais utilizados na formulação dos problemas da mecânica dos meios contínuos, com ênfase na pesquisa biomecânica das lesões vasculares, no intuito de oferecer algumas definições que promovam a análise crítica dos resultados nesse campo.
Aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos da cefaleia pós-traumática crônica
Authors: da Cruz Adry Rodrigo Antônio Rocha , Lins Catarina Couras , Mello Brandão Marcio Cesar de 
Published: January 2018

Resumo
Contexto: Existem muitas controvérsias acerca da patogênese da cefaleia pós-traumática, se vem de alterações orgânicas devidas a um trauma cranioencefálico ou se os acometidos dessa condição buscam um ganho secundário. Objetivo: Descrever os aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos da cefaleia pós-traumática crônica (CPTC) em pacientes atendidos em dois hospitais de referência de Salvador, BA. Métodos: Foram estudados 33 pacientes que preencheram os critérios estabelecidos para CPTC. Resultados: Seis por cento apresentaram frequência de cefaleia inferior a 1 dia por mês; 49% apresentaram frequência de 1 a 7 dias por mês; 30%, de 8 a 14 dias por mês; 6%, por mais de 14 dias por mês, e 9% apresentaram cefaleia diariamente. Quanto à intensidade, 3% dos pacientes classificaram a cefaleia como leve, 30% como moderada e 67% como grave. Vinte e sete por cento caracterizaram sua cefaleia como “em pressão”, 61% como “pulsátil” e 12% como “em pontada”. O diagnóstico da CPTC foi migrânea em 79% dos pacientes e cefaleia tensional em 21% dos pacientes. Conclusão: A maior prevalência de migrânea nesses pacientes se deve ao fato de o trabalho ter sido realizado em um dos centros especializados. A uniformidade do padrão manifestado de cefaleia e a média de idade do aparecimento da cefaleia também falam a favor de uma causa orgânica para a CPTC, entretanto faz-se necessária a realização de estudos experimentais que possam comprovar essa teoria analisando os pacientes mais graves para reforçar a hipótese orgânica para origem da CPTC.
Anomalias venosas nos cavernomas
Authors: Escalante Williams , Pinto de Santana Diana Lara , Figueiredo Eberval Gadelha , Caldas José Guilherme P. , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen 
Published: January 2018

ResumoAs anomalias do desenvolvimento venoso (DVA) são as malformações vasculares cerebrais mais frequentes, tendo geralmente um curso benigno, e podem estar acompanhando os cavernomas. Atualmente, são mais diagnosticadas por causa dos métodos de diagnósticos por imagem que existem, como a tomografia computadorizada e, sobretudo, a ressonância magnética nuclear. Este artigo revisa as DAV em geral e as relacionadas com os cavernomas. Os artigos foram buscados na base de dados PubMed, em publicações desde 1995 a junho de 2012, usando como filtros as expressões “anomalias do desenvolvimento venoso e malformações cavernosas” e “anomalias venosas cerebrais e malformações cavernosas”; a pesquisa foi limitada a artigos em idioma inglês e relacionados a humanos. As sessões de referência de artigos e revisões recentes foram revisadas e os artigos pertinentes foram recuperados no formato resumo; os manuscritos em texto completo foram obtidos subsequentemente para todos os artigos originais aplicados à revisão em curso.
Hemangioma cavernoso: relato de caso
Authors: Miranda Eduardo Queirós , Cavalcante José Edison da Silva , Calil Zacarias , Miranda Giordano Queirós 
Published: January 2018

ResumoO hemangioma cavernoso é uma neoformação vascular benigna de origem congênita, caracterizando pela formação de grandes canais e espaços vasculares preenchidos com sangue. O caso relatado no estudo chama atenção não só devido à magnitude da tumoração e ao comprometimento vascular, mas também pelo tempo de permanência da lesão, desde os 10 anos de idade. O tratamento para essa lesão varia com o tamanho, risco de ruptura do hemangioma e com a sintomatologia do paciente. As condutas que podem ser utilizadas são: ressecção cirúrgica; embolização arterial; enucleação cirúrgica e radioterapia. A raridade e complexidade do caso, somados à dificuldade de tratamento encontrada pela paciente no decorrer desses 20 anos de evolução tumoral, foram fatores que corroboraram para a apresentação desse caso.