bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava Leads to Catheter Malposition during PICC Port Placement
Authors: Konstantinou Evangelos A. , Sapsakos Theodoros D. Mariolis , Katsoulas Theodoros A. , Velecheris Dimitrios , Tsitsimelis Dimitrios , Bonatsos Gerasimos 
Published: January 2016

Introduction We present a case of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) port placement where the catheter had been malpositioned to the persistent left superior vena cava. Methods Despite the obvious elevation of the P-wave signaling proximity of the catheter tip to the sinus node, the catheter was not in the desired location within the superior vena cava or the right atrium, because of the presence of a persistent left superior vena cava. Computed tomography was used in order to locate the catheter. Results The catheter was located in the persistent left superior vena cava. Conclusions Malpositioning of the catheter in the persistent left superior vena cava occurs in 0.3%–0.5% of patents. The catheter was subsequently removed.
Attitude of Saudi Arabian adults towards consanguineous marriage
Authors: Alharbi Omar A. , Al-Shaia Walaa A. , Al-Hamam Abdulaziz A. , Al-Marzoug Hala M. , Ahmed Anwar E. , Bagha Muhammed 
Published: January 2016

Background: Research on the attitudes of Saudi adults towards consanguinity is scarce. The study aimed to explore the attitudes towards consanguinity and its associations with socio-demographic characteristics in a sample of Saudi adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire. A total of 386 outpatient waiting-area attendees at King Abdul-Aziz Medical City-Riyadh were included. Participants were asked about their socio-demographic characteristics, attitude towards consanguinity and the reasons behind this. Results: The positive attitude towards consanguinity among the study respondents was 48.1% with 95% confidence interval (42.91–53.33%). Social and traditional culture (59.9%) were found to be the predominant reasons for favoring consanguinity in Saudi Arabia. Evidence against a positive attitude towards consanguinity was noted in respondents who received medical information about consanguinity versus those who had not received medical information (42.3% vs. 57%, p-value = 0.008). According to the multivariate logistic model, the odds of a positive attitude towards consanguinity were 2 times higher for males (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.147, 4.290) and 4.1 times higher in respondents in consanguineous marriages (aOR: 4.1; 95% CI: 2.350, 7.156). The odds of a positive attitude towards consanguinity were 50% less in respondents who received health information on consanguinity compared to those who had not received health information about consanguinity (aOR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.253, 0.863). Conclusion: One in every two Saudi adults favors consanguinity however, Saudi men and women differ in their attitudes towards consanguinity. Receiving health information on consanguinity was associated with a negative attitude towards this practice.
Headache in a high school student – a reminder of fundamental principles of clinical medicine and common pitfalls of cognition
Authors: Afghan Zakira , Hussain Abid , Asim Muhammad 
Published: January 2016

Primary headache disorders account for the majority of the cases of headache. Nevertheless, the primary objective of a physician, when encountered with a patient with headache is to rule out a secondary cause the headache. This entails a search for specific associated red-flag symptoms or signs that may indicate a serious condition, as well as a heightened suspicion of and evaluation for a don't miss diagnosis.
We present a case of a high-school student whose first manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was a headache due to cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis, initially misdiagnosed as tension-headache and ‘ophthalmoplegic migraine’ (now known as ‘recurrent painful ophthalmoplegic neuropathy’). The patient made a complete neurological and radiological recovery after systemic anticoagulation and treatment of SLE. An analysis of the clinical errors and cognitive biases leading to delayed referral to hospital is presented. We highlight the fact that adherence to the fundamental principles of clinical medicine and enhancement of cognitive awareness is required to reduce diagnostic errors.
Short Run Effects of Bleaker Prospects for Oligopolistic Producers of a Non-renewable Resource
Authors: Grimsrud Kristine , Rosendahl Knut Einar , Storrøsten Halvor B. , Tsygankova Marina 
Published: January 2016

In a non-renewable resource market with imperfect competition, both the resource rent and the current market influence large resource owners’ optimal supply. New information regarding future market conditions that affect the resource rent will consequently impact current supply. Bleaker demand prospects tend to accelerate resource extraction. We show, however, that it may slow down early extraction by producers with sufficiently large reserves and thus small resource rents. The reason is that the supply from such producers is driven more by current market considerations than concern about resource scarcity. As producers with relatively smaller reserves accelerate their supply in response to bleaker demand prospects, producers with sufficiently large reserves will reduce their current supply. The surge in shale gas production will reduce residual demand facing suppliers to the European gas market. We demonstrate the effects of this in a numerical model. Most gas producers accelerate their supply while Russia reduces its supply slightly and thus loses market shares even before the additional gas enters the market.
NOVÝ VÝSKYT MENILITOVÉHO SOUVRSTVÍ U DŘEVOHOSTIC
Authors: Kropáč Kamil , Dolníček Zdeněk , Přichystal Antonín , Lehotský Tomáš , Koštuříková Tamara , Jakubál Jiří 
Published: January 2016

The Menilite Formation is an important lithostratigraphic member of the Krosno-menilite Unit in the Carpathian Flysch Belt. The rocks of the Menilite Formation occur as small bodies also within Sub-Silesian Unit on the geological map sheet 25-13 Přerov. In this paper, we present new occurrence of chert layers of the Menilite Formation at ground elevation 275 which is situated 1.2 km easternlyof the village Dřevohostice. The rock body is formed of layers of laminated gray-white to gray-brown menilite chert interlayered by thin interpositions of weathered gray-green non-calcareous claystones. The menilite cherts consist of brownish-yellow and gray opal laminae with limonite and chalcedony streaks. Opal laminae have thickness mostly in range of 1–10 mm. Rock matrix is cut by numerous veins formed by opal and chalcedony which originated during at least two diff erent events. Menilite cherts sporadicallyenclose small siliceous chalcedony geodes. Claystones have pelitic texture with a clotted inner structure and contain siliceous sponge spicules and other non-specified microfossils (probably planktonic diatoms). The cherty layers documented in a dug probe have WNW–ESE direction with inclination to SSW under the angle of 25°. The sediments were folded during the overthrust of the Sub-Silesian Nappe on the Carpathian Foredeep in the Karpatian and during subsequent late-tectonic rotations towards NW.
NÁLEZ HLINÍKEM BOHATÝCH SPINELIDŮ A KORUNDU VE STRUSKÁCH PO TAVBĚ STŘÍBRNÝCH RUD ZE STŘÍBRNÝCH HOR NA HAVLÍČKOBRODSKU
Authors: Janíčková Kateřina , Dolníček Zdeněk 
Published: January 2016

This work deals with the unique association formed by spinelides and corundum in historical slag after smelting of silver ore from the site Stříbrné Hory in the Havlíčkův Brod Ore District. To study these phases, polarizing microscope and electron microprobe (WDX and EDX) were used. The slag consists primarily of glass and residual quartz, which also contained sillimanite needles. During smelting the quartz and sillimanite have been partially melted and aluminium-rich spinelides crystallized in the surrounding glass. Euhedral crystals of spinelides range 5 to 25 μm in size and are composed predominantly of hercynite (55–58 mol. %), to a lesser extent gahnite (21–24 mol. %), spinel (18–24 mol. %) and galaxite (4–5 mol. %). Corundum probably originated during the smelting from secondary mullite at temperatures around 1 300 °C. Corundum together with glass form a paramorphosis aft er sillimanite aggregate.
STRUSKY PO TAVBĚ POLYMETALICKÝCH RUD Z LOKALITY ČEJKOV-TRSOV (PELHŘIMOVSKÝ RUDNÍ REVÍR)
Authors: Kapusta Jaroslav , Dolníček Zdeněk , Malý Karel 
Published: January 2016

Slags after smelting of polymetallic ores occur at the locality Čejkov-Trsov which represents medieval smelting site and lies approximately 1 030 m SE from the center of the Čejkov village. Samples collected during archaeological excavation were obtained from the Museum Vysočiny Jihlava. Bulk chemical analyses show that studied slags are dominated by SiO2-FeO-Al2O3 oxides (sum of these three components is 75.27–88.81 wt. %). Unusual are high barium (up to 9.2 wt. % of Ba) and lead contents (up to 15.0 wt. % of Pb) as well as low zinc contents (230–3780 ppm). All samples except one are generally CaO poor (an exception is sample CT4 containing 6.03 wt. % CaO) which probably refl ect lack of CaO – based additives. Light microscopy and EDS analyses on an electron microprobe proved following phases: spinelides, olivine, feldspars, pyroxene, glass and quartz. Spinelides are the most variable in their composition ranging from almost pure magnetite (92 mol. % of magnetite, 5 mol. % of spinel and 3 mol. % of galaxite) to spinel-rich hercynite (50 mol. % of hercynite, 45 mol. % of spinel and 5 mol. % of magnetite). Olivine is represented by fayalite (89–90 mol. % Fa, 5–7 mol. % Te, 4–5 mol. % Fo). Newly formed feldspars are present in all studied samples and contain up to 22.8 wt. % of BaO (44–50 mol. % of orthoclase, 40–47 mol. % of celsiane and 9–11 mol. % of albite). Ca-Fe pyroxene (Fs52Wo38En11–Fs51Wo37En13) was formed probably due to high enough temperature and a sufficient CaO content. Cracked quartz grains are present within all samples. They were more or less corroded by a slag melt.
ZEMĚTŘESENÍ V HOSTĚRADICÍCH V ČERVNU 2014
Authors: Pazdírková Jana , Zedník Jan , Prachař Ivan , Krumlová Hana , Zacherle Pavel 
Published: January 2016

Southern Moravia – a southeastern part of the Czech Republic at the contact of the Bohemian Massif and the Carpathian Foredeep – is one of the regions with the lowest seismic activity in the Czech Republic. Reports on historical earthquakes in this area are sporadic and poorly evidenced, many of the messages are in fact observations of earthquakes originating mainly in Austria. Instrumental seismic monitoring in southern Moravia commenced in 1995. Thereafter only three local earthquakes were observed – magnitude 2.5 event near Hostěradice in 2000, perhaps induced event near Uhřice in 2003 with magnitude of 0.7 and magnitude 1.4 earthquake near Božice in 2006.A sequence of four weak earthquakes in June 2014 is only the fourth occurrence of earthquakes in southern Moravia since the beginning of instrumental measurements. Events originated near Hostěradice (SE margin of the Bohemian Massif), 40 km southwest of Brno. The strongest event reaching local magnitude of 2.0 occurred on June 1, 2014 at 00:43 UTC. It was felt by people close to the epicentre with a macroseismic intensity 4 European Macroseismic Scale EMS-98. A temporary seismic station was immediately installed in the epicentral area. The station recorded two of four shocks and helped to confi rm a focus position of the sequence: 48.95° N 16.24° E, depth 3 km.In 2014 a review of historical earthquakes in this region was conducted using new catalogues of historical earthquakes in neighboring countries in order to avoid confusion between local and regional phenomena. Some new information sources were found. In any case, historical earthquakes in this region are very rare and most of them are poorly substantiated.
La utilidad de estudios de larga duración para el análisis del impacto del regadío sobre la organización social. El caso de las sociedades de drenaje y diques de Holanda llamados waterschappen
Authors: Palerm Viqueira Jacinta 
Published: January 2016

Se presenta propuesta de nexo entre legislación favorable a las organizaciones de auto-gobierno y existencia de organizaciones sólidas; se presenta caracterización instituciones de auto-gobierno heterárquicas y jerárquicas; se presentan la capacidad de negociación y resistencia al Estado. Con estas herramientas se explora para el caso de Holanda la historia de la gestión de sistemas de control del agua, el marco jurídico para las organizaciones de auto-gobierno y la relación de las organizaciones con el Estado. Se muestra la burocratización y profesionalización de la administración de los sistemas de control del agua, así como la consolidación o unificación de organizaciones con el propósito de lograr economías de escala.
Análisis del proceso de difusión espacial del fútbol profesional en Chile
Authors: Barra Vieira Pablo , Maturana Miranda Francisco 
Published: January 2016

El fútbol es considerado el deporte más popular a escala mundial, y en su modalidad profesional es capaz de generar entusiasmo y sentimientos de progreso en cada ciudad que forma parte. Pero ¿cómo se propaga esta actividad en el espacio? En el presente artículo, se analiza el proceso de difusión espacial del fútbol profesional en Chile, utilizando los criterios de propagación más comunes: por proximidad geográfica y jerarquía urbana. Los datos se obtuvieron a partir del año de adopción por parte de las ciudades, su población en ese instante, su localización geográfica y su distancia con respecto a la ciudad emisora. A través del tiempo, el fútbol profesional chileno se ha propagado espacialmente mediante un patrón guiado por la distancia y la cercanía al foco emisor, producto del poder institucional reflejado en la Asociación Central de Fútbol (ACF), el ente que decidía cuáles eran las ciudades que ingresaban a la actividad profesional, hasta inicios de la década de los años ochenta.
Reliability study of high-κ La2O3/HfO2 and HfO2/La2O3 stacking layers on n-In0.53Ga0.47As metal–oxide–semiconductor capacitor
Authors: Chu Chung-Ming , Lin Yueh-Chin , Lee Wei-I , Dee Chang Fu , Wong Yuen-Yee , Majlis Burhanuddin Yeop , Salleh Muhamad Mat , Yap Seong Ling , Chang Edward Yi 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
This study investigates the time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) characteristics of La2O3/HfO2 and HfO2/La2O3 stacking layers on an n-In0.53Ga0.47As metal–oxide–semiconductor capacitor. Both designs improved the reliability compared with a single layer of HfO2. The TDDB followed the thermochemical E model. The current transportation mechanism changed from thermionic emission to Frenkel–Poole emission because of the traps creation under voltage stress. Both designs resulted in similar lifespans and voltage accelerating factors. However, the La2O3/HfO2 design had a longer lifespan because of the lower interface trap density and insertion of the HfO2 diffusion barrier layer between La2O3 and n-In0.53Ga0.47As. The oxide stacks exhibited excellent reliability and achieved a lifespan of 28.4 years.
Evaluation of complex conductivity in a circularly polarized field by terahertz time-domain reflection spectroscopy with a phase shifter
Authors: Morimoto Tomohide , Yamashita Genki , Nagai Masaya , Ashida Masaaki 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
We propose a smart technique for directly evaluating complex conductivity in a circularly polarized field with no polarimeter by time-domain reflection spectroscopy using a terahertz (THz) phase shifter and a polarized beam splitter. We performed THz time-domain spectroscopy on a doped InSb wafer under a magnetic field with a δ-phase shifter based on parallel metal waveguides. Despite the π/2 phase shifter with low accuracy, we obtained the conductivity spectrum shifted by cyclotron frequency while maintaining a Drude-like spectral shape. This technique paves the way for new magneto-optical spectroscopy methods.
Evaluation method of threshold voltage shift of SiC MOSFETs under negative gate bias using n-type SiC MOS capacitors
Authors: Ohashi Teruyuki , Iijima Ryosuke 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
A novel method for estimating threshold voltage shifts of n-channel SiC MOSFETs under negative gate bias stresses has been proposed. In the proposed method, n-type SiC MOS capacitors were utilized instead of n-channel SiC MOSFETs. The n-type SiC MOS capacitors were exposed to ultraviolet light to generate holes around the gate region at the SiC surfaces. By applying negative gate voltage under this condition, inversion layers of the holes were formed, and negative gate bias stress was applied to the gate oxides of the n-type SiC MOS capacitors. By this method, we investigated the tendency of flat band voltage shifts in SiC MOS capacitors depending on the gate oxide forming condition, and it was confirmed that the tendency is in accord with that of threshold voltage shifts in SiC MOSFETs obtained by the conventional method.
Examination of phonon deformation potentials for accurate strain measurements in silicon–germanium alloys with the whole composition range by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Kosemura Daisuke , Yamamoto Shotaro , Takeuchi Kazuma , Usuda Koji , Ogura Atsushi 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The phonon deformation potentials (PDPs), p and q, of Si1−

x
Ge
x
with the whole range of the Ge concentration x were examined in detail in pursuit of accurate strain measurements by Raman spectroscopy. An oil-immersion Raman technique was adopted to extract the PDPs of Si1−

x
Ge
x
, in which a complex sample preparation process or a stress-introduction device is not necessary. The strain-shift coefficients b
LO and b
TO, which can be calculated using the obtained PDPs, were compared with the values in the literature, and we suggested which values were best for application to accurate strain measurements. Ab initio calculation was also performed to understand the behavior of the PDPs throughout the whole range of x in Si1−

x
Ge
x
.
Ring structures formed inside voids in SiO2 layer on Si(100) during thermal decomposition
Authors: Enta Yoshiharu , Osanai Shodai , Yoshida Taichi 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Ring structures inside voids in the SiO2 layer on a Si(100) substrate, which are concentrically formed by repeating thermal annealing in vacuum, have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. We demonstrate that slight exposure of the surface to volatile organic compounds during a cooling process significantly affects the formation of the ring structures. This result clearly shows that the key to ring-structure formation is surface adsorption of carbon atoms, which probably suppresses surface migration of silicon atoms. Our research provides a novel technique for the fabrication of nanostructured semiconductors for such applications as quantum effect devices.
Antenna of silver nanoparticles mounted on a flexible polymer substrate constructed using inkjet print technology
Authors: Matyas Jiri , Munster Lukas , Olejnik Robert , Vlcek Karel , Slobodian Petr , Krcmar Petr , Urbanek Pavel , Kuritka Ivo 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
This article describes the construction of an antenna that operates at frequencies of 1.07, 1.5, and 2.49 GHz and that is fabricated on a flexible polymer substrate using inkjet printing technology. In particular, this article is focused on the preparation and characterization of an antenna starting from the ink formulation for printing a homogeneous, electrically conductive layer using silver nanoparticles. The diameter of the prepared silver nanoparticles ranges from 50 to 200 nm. The inkjet printing technology on flexible polymer substrates offers a wide range of applications where there are high demands for flexibility. In combination with the polymer substrate, inkjet printing enables the production of more complex shapes and curves for antennas that are widely applicable not only in wearable electronic devices but also in plastic cases for portable communication devices.
Luminescence and scintillation properties of La- and La,Ag-doped CsPbCl3 single crystals
Authors: Watanabe Kei , Koshimizu Masanori , Yanagida Takayuki , Fujimoto Yutaka , Asai Keisuke 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
We analyzed the luminescence and scintillation properties of CsPbCl3 single crystals. La and Ag were chosen as the dopants, although Ag proved to have little effect on the scintillation properties. In the photoluminescence spectra, in addition to the free exciton band at 425 nm, an additional band was observed at 440 nm at low temperatures for the La-doped crystals. The scintillation spectrum of the undoped crystal was composed of the free exciton band and a broad band at 600 nm, which is ascribed to lattice defects. The La doping strongly suppressed both the broad band and the slow scintillation component, which is ascribed to the emission at lattice defects.
Who was that masked man?
Authors: Garber Daniel 
Published: July 2002

Stephen Gaukroger, Descartes: An Intellectual Biography. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995. Pp. xx+499. ISBN 0-19-823994-7. £25.00.Stephen Gaukroger's new biography of Descartes is a major accomplishment. Gaukroger offers the reader an overview of Descartes' life and works, with healthy doses of intellectual background thrown in for good measure. It should have a major impact on Cartesian studies, both within the history of philosophy and within the history of science.
Isaac Newton, heretic: the strategies of a Nicodemite
Authors: SNOBELEN STEPHEN D. 
Published: July 2002

There was a man of the Pharisees, named Nicodemus, a ruler of the Jews: the same
came to Jesus by night…John 3: 1–2A lady asked the famous Lord Shaftesbury what religion he was of. He answered the religion of
wise men. She asked, what was that? He answered, wise men never tell.Diary of Viscount Percival (1730), i, 113NEWTON AS HERETICIsaac Newton was a heretic. But like Nicodemus, the secret disciple of Jesus, he never made
a public declaration of his private faith – which the orthodox would have deemed extremely
radical. He hid his faith so well that scholars are still unravelling his personal beliefs. His
one-time follower William Whiston attributed his policy of silence to simple, human fear
and there must be some truth in this. Every day as a public figure (Lucasian Professor,
Warden – then Master – of the Mint, President of the Royal Society) and as the figurehead
of British natural philosophy, Newton must have felt the tension of outwardly conforming
to the Anglican Church, while inwardly denying much of its faith and practice. He was
restricted by heresy laws, religious tests and the formidable opposition of public opinion.
Heretics were seen as religiously subversive, socially dangerous and even morally debased.
Moreover, the positions he enjoyed were dependent on public manifestations of religious
and social orderliness. Sir Isaac had a lot to lose. Yet he knew the scriptural injunctions
against hiding one's light under a bushel. Newton the believer was thus faced with the need
to develop a modus vivendi whereby he could work within legal and social structures,
while fulfilling the command to shine in a dark world. This paper recovers and assesses his
strategies for reconciling these conflicting dynamics and, in so doing, will shed light on
both the nature of Newton's faith and his agenda for natural philosophy.