bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CpPEt2As4 – eine organosubstituierte As4‐Butterfly‐Verbindung
Authors: Heinl Sebastian , Balázs Gábor , Stauber Andreas , Scheer Manfred 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCpPEt2As4 (CpPEt=C5(4‐EtC6H4)5) (1) wird durch die Reaktion von CpPEt.‐Radikalen mit gelbem Arsen (As4) synthetisiert. Dabei lässt sich ein Gleichgewicht der Ausgangsstoffe mit dem Produkt in Lösung beobachten. Jedoch kann 1 isoliert und als Feststoff ohne Zersetzung gelagert werden. As4 wird aus 1 unter thermischen oder photochemischen Bedingungen leicht abgegeben. Aus pulvrigen Proben von CpPEt2As4 kann gelbes Arsen unter relativ milden Bedingungen (T=125 °C) sublimiert werden. Ein ähnliches Verhalten wurde auch bei der verwandten Phosphorverbindung CpBIG2P4 (2; CpBIG=C5(4‐nBuC6H4)5) als P4‐abgebendes Reagenz festgestellt. Dichtefunktionalrechnungen zeigen, wie wichtig Dispersionskräfte für die Stabilität der Produkte sind.
Aryl(triethyl)silanes for Biaryl and Teraryl Synthesis by Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reaction
Authors: Komiyama Takeshi , Minami Yasunori , Hiyama Tamejiro 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAryl(triethyl)silanes are found to undergo cross‐coupling with iodoarenes in the presence of catalytic amounts of CuBr2 and Ph‐Davephos, as well as cesium fluoride as a stoichiometric base. Because the silicon reagents are readily accessible through catalytic C−H silylation of aromatic substrates, the net transformation allows coupling of aromatic hydrocarbons with iodoarenes via triethylsilylation.
Self‐Powered Multimodal Temperature and Force Sensor Based‐On a Liquid Droplet
Authors: Liu Kang , Zhou Yishu , Yuan Fang , Mo Xiaobao , Yang Peihua , Chen Qian , Li Jia , Ding Tianpeng , Zhou Jun 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHerein we report a self‐powered multimodal temperature and force sensor based on the reverse electrowetting effect and the thermogalvanic effect in a liquid droplet. The deformation of the droplet and the temperature difference across the droplet can induce an alternating pulse voltage and a direct voltage, respectively, which is easy to separate/analyze and can be utilized to sense the external force and temperature simultaneously. In addition, an integral display system that can derive information from external temperature/force concurrently is constructed. Combined with advantages of excellent sensing properties and a simple structure, the droplet sensor has promising applications in a wide range of intelligent electronics.
Eine monoanionische Arsenid‐Quelle: Decarbonylierung des 2‐Arsaethinolat‐Anions bei der Reaktion mit Stannylenen
Authors: Hinz Alexander , Goicoechea Jose M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWir berichten über eine fundamentale Studie zur Reaktivität des 2‐Arsaethinolat‐Anions (AsCO−), einer Spezies, die erst kürzlich synthetisch zugänglich wurde. Die Reaktion von AsCO− gegenüber dem Stannylen Ter2Sn (Ter=Bis‐2,6‐(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)phenyl), die zur unerwarteten Bildung eines [Ter3Sn2As2]−‐Clusters führt, ist beschrieben. Auf dem Reaktionspfad zu diesem Cluster wurden verschiedene Intermediate identifiziert und charakterisiert. Nach der anfänglichen Assoziierung von AsCO− an Ter2Sn tritt Decarbonylierung ein, wodurch ein Anion mit einfach koordiniertem Arsen, [Ter2SnAs]−, gebildet wird. Diese beiden Spezies sind bei Raumtemperatur nicht stabil, und [Ter2SnAs]− durchläuft eine Umlagerung zu [TerSnAsTer]−, einem präzedenzlosen anionischen gemischten Gruppe‐14/15‐Alkenanalogon.
Modelling a Linker Mix‐and‐Match Approach for Controlling the Optical Excitation Gaps and Band Alignment of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks
Authors: Grau‐Crespo Ricardo , Aziz Alex , Collins Angus W. , Crespo‐Otero Rachel , Hernández Norge C. , Rodriguez‐Albelo L. Marleny , Ruiz‐Salvador A. Rabdel , Calero Sofia , Hamad Said 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTuning the electronic structure of metal–organic frameworks is the key to extending their functionality to the photocatalytic conversion of absorbed gases. Herein we discuss how the band edge positions in zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) can be tuned by mixing different imidazole‐based linkers within the same structure. We present the band alignment for a number of known and hypothetical Zn‐based ZIFs with respect to the vacuum level. Structures with a single type of linker exhibit relatively wide band gaps; however, by mixing linkers of a low‐lying conduction edge with linkers of a high‐lying valence edge, we can predict materials with ideal band positions for visible‐light water splitting and CO2 reduction photocatalysis. By introducing copper in the tetrahedral position of the mixed‐linker ZIFs, it would be possible to increase both photo‐absorption and the electron–hole recombination times.
From Anthramycin to Pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD)‐Containing Antibody–Drug Conjugates (ADCs)
Authors: Mantaj Julia , Jackson Paul J. M. , Rahman Khondaker M. , Thurston David E. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe pyrrolo[2,1‐c][1,4]benzodiazepines (PBDs) are a family of sequence‐selective DNA minor‐groove binding agents that form a covalent aminal bond between their C11‐position and the C2‐NH2groups of guanine bases. The first example of a PBD monomer, the natural product anthramycin, was discovered in the 1960s, and the best known PBD dimer, SJG‐136 (also known as SG2000, NSC 694501 or BN2629), was synthesized in the 1990s and has recently completed Phase II clinical trials in patients with leukaemia and ovarian cancer. More recently, PBD dimer analogues are being attached to tumor‐targeting antibodies to create antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs), a number of which are now in clinical trials, with many others in pre‐clinical development. This Review maps the development from anthramycin to the first PBD dimers, and then to PBD‐containing ADCs, and explores both structure–activity relationships (SARs) and the biology of PBDs, and the strategies for their use as payloads for ADCs.
Microemulsions: Options To Expand the Synthesis of Inorganic Nanoparticles
Authors: Wolf Silke , Feldmann Claus 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMicroemulsions (MEs) are ideal for obtaining high‐quality inorganic nanoparticles. As thermodynamically stable systems with a nanometer‐sized droplet phase that serves as a nanoreactor, MEs have obvious advantages for the synthesis of nanoparticles. MEs also have disadvantages, such as their complexity as multicomponent systems, the low amount of obtainable nanoparticles, their limited thermal stability, the fact that hydrolyzable or oxidizable compounds are often excluded from synthesis, the partly elaborate separation of nanoparticles, as well as the removal of surface‐adhered surfactants subsequent to synthesis. This Review presents some strategies to further expand the options of ME‐based synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles. This comprises the crystallization of nanoparticles in “high‐temperature MEs”, the synthesis of hollow nanospheres, the use of hydrogen peroxide or liquid ammonia as the polar droplet phase, and the synthesis of base metals and nitrides in MEs.
NMR Spectroscopic Assignment of Backbone and Side‐Chain Protons in Fully Protonated Proteins: Microcrystals, Sedimented Assemblies, and Amyloid Fibrils
Authors: Stanek Jan , Andreas Loren B. , Jaudzems Kristaps , Cala Diane , Lalli Daniela , Bertarello Andrea , Schubeis Tobias , Akopjana Inara , Kotelovica Svetlana , Tars Kaspars , Pica Andrea , Leone Serena , Picone Delia , Xu Zhi‐Qiang , Dixon Nicholas E. , Martinez Denis , Berbon Mélanie , El Mammeri Nadia , Noubhani Abdelmajid , Saupe Sven , Habenstein Birgit , Loquet Antoine , Pintacuda Guido 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe demonstrate sensitive detection of alpha protons of fully protonated proteins by solid‐state NMR spectroscopy with 100–111 kHz magic‐angle spinning (MAS). The excellent resolution in the Cα‐Hα plane is demonstrated for 5 proteins, including microcrystals, a sedimented complex, a capsid and amyloid fibrils. A set of 3D spectra based on a Cα–Hα detection block was developed and applied for the sequence‐specific backbone and aliphatic side‐chain resonance assignment using only 500 μg of sample. These developments accelerate structural studies of biomolecular assemblies available in submilligram quantities without the need of protein deuteration.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Unprotected Anomeric Glycosyl Thiols in Water for Glycan Ligation Reactions with Highly Functionalized Sugars
Authors: Köhling Sebastian , Exner Matthias P. , Nojoumi Saba , Schiller Jürgen , Budisa Nediljko , Rademann Jörg 
Published: November 2016

AbstractChemical synthesis of oligosaccharide conjugates is essential for studying the functional relevance of carbohydrates, and this task would be facilitated considerably if reliable methods for the anomeric ligation of unprotected sugars in water were available. Here, a method for the preparation of anomeric glycosyl thiols from complex unprotected mono‐, di‐, and oligosaccharides is presented. By exploiting the neighboring‐group effect of the 2‐acetamido‐group, 1,2‐oxazolines are generated and converted into 1‐glycosyl thioesters through treatment with 1‐thioacids. The unprotected anomeric glycosyl thiolates released in situ were conjugated to Michael acceptors, aliphatic halogenides, and aziridines to furnish versatile glycoconjugates. Conjugation of amino acids and proteins was accomplished using the thiol–ene reaction with terminal olefins. This method gives efficient access to anomeric glycosyl thiols and thiolates, which enables anomeric ligations of complex unprotected glycans in water.
Highly Intact and Pure Oxo‐Functionalized Graphene: Synthesis and Electron‐Beam‐Induced Reduction
Authors: Butz Benjamin , Dolle Christian , Halbig Christian E. , Spiecker Erdmann , Eigler Siegfried 
Published: November 2016

AbstractControlling the chemistry of graphene is necessary to enable applications in materials and life sciences. Research beyond graphene oxide is targeted to avoid the highly defective character of the carbon framework. Herein, we show how to optimize the synthesis of oxo‐functionalized graphene (oxo‐G) to prepare high‐quality monolayer flakes that even allow for direct transmission electron microscopy investigation at atomic resolution (HRTEM). The role of undesired residuals is addressed and sources are eliminated. HRTEM provides clear evidence for the exceptional integrity of the carbon framework of such oxo‐G sheets. The patchy distribution of oxo‐functionality on the nm‐scale, observed on our highly clean oxo‐G sheets, corroborates theoretical predictions. Moreover, defined electron‐beam irradiation facilitates gentle de‐functionalization of oxo‐G sheets, a new route towards clean graphene, which is a breakthrough for localized graphene chemistry.
Modified poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan blended membranes for isopropanol dehydration via pervaporation: Synthesis optimization and modeling by response surface methodology
Authors: Ghobadi Nakisa , Mohammadi Toraj , Kasiri Norollah , Kazemimoghadam Mansoor 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTBox–Behnken (BB) design of response surface methodology (RSM) was effectively applied to optimize fabrication conditions of modified poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and chitosan (CS) blended pervaporation (PV) membranes. The PVA/CS membranes were crosslinked either by chemical reaction with glutaraldehyde (GA) or by heat‐treating at different temperatures. The main objectives were to determine the optimal levels of fabricating parameters and also to investigate interactions among the variables. CS content in the blended membranes, concentration of crosslinking agent and heat‐treating temperature were the fabrication parameters, the main effects and interaction effects of which on membrane structure and PV performance toward isopropanol (IPA)/water dehydration were investigated, and for which regression models were established. The modified PVA/CS blended membranes were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) as well as X‐ray diffraction (XRD). It was found that the CS content is the most significant factor influencing flux and separation factor among the three studied variables and the experimental results are in excellent accordance with predicted values from the developed RSM regression models. The RSM results indicated that under preparation conditions of 80 wt % CS in the blended membrane, 0.58 wt % GA concentration, and 77 °C heat‐treating temperature, the maximum separation factor of 5222.8 and the normalized flux of 9.407 kg µm/m2h can be acquired with feed content of 85 wt % IPA at 25 °C, showing that the prepared membrane is highly efficient for PV dehydration of IPA. The models were satisfactorily validated against experimental data. Furthermore, the optimum membrane presents excellent separation performance at different feed compositions and temperatures. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44587.
The Periosteum of the Zygomatic Arch: Vascularization and Growth
Authors: Herring Susan W. , Ochareon Pannee 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTIn addition to conveying the forces of attaching muscles and ligaments to the zygomatic and temporal bones, the arch periosteum is responsible for lateral apposition and medial resorption during the growth period. In this contribution, we describe the vasculature of the zygomatic arch in young pigs (Sus scrofa dom.) in order to understand the relationship of osseous and periosteal vessels to each other, to surrounding tissues, and to patterns of modeling. Subjects 2–6 weeks of age were perfused with vascular fill; some also received the vital bone label calcein. Whole mounts were prepared of the decalcified bony arch and of its lateral periosteum. Undecalcified arches were plastic‐embedded and thick‐sectioned. Additional observations on cell replication were made using material from a previous study. The osseous and periosteal vascular supplies were largely independent, joined only by a fine network at the tissue interface. Osseous vessels entered the medial side of the arch through clusters of nutrient foramina. The intraosseous branching pattern resembled the direction of appositional growth, which in turn describes the disposition of bony trabeculae in older pigs. In contrast, vessels arrived at the periosteum via muscles and ligaments and thus its perfusion may partially depend on functional activity. The open weave of periosteal vessels bore little similarity to bone architecture, especially for the temporal bone, but the appositional lateral periosteum showed indications of angiogenesis, whereas the thinner, resorptive periosteum on the medial side featured composite, possibly fusing vessels at the bone surface. Anat Rec, 299:1661–1670, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Review of In Vivo Bone Strain Studies and Finite Element Models of the Zygomatic Complex in Humans and Nonhuman Primates: Implications for Clinical Research and Practice
Authors: Prado Felippe Bevilacqua , Freire Alexandre Rodrigues , Cláudia Rossi Ana , Ledogar Justin A. , Smith Amanda L. , Dechow Paul C. , Strait David S. , Voigt Tilman , Ross Callum F. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThe craniofacial skeleton is often described in the clinical literature as being comprised of vertical bony pillars, which transmit forces from the toothrow to the neurocranium as axial compressive stresses, reinforced transversely by buttresses. Here, we review the literature on bony microarchitecture, in vivo bone strain, and finite‐element modeling of the facial skeleton of humans and nonhuman primates to address questions regarding the structural and functional existence of facial pillars and buttresses. Available bone material properties data do not support the existence of pillars and buttresses in humans or Sapajus apella. Deformation regimes in the zygomatic complex emphasize bending and shear, therefore conceptualizing the zygomatic complex of humans or nonhuman primates as a pillar obscures its patterns of stress, strain, and deformation. Human fossil relatives and chimpanzees exhibit strain regimes corroborating the existence of a canine‐frontal pillar, but the notion of a zygomatic pillar has no support. The emerging consensus on patterns of strain and deformation in finite element models (FEMs) of the human facial skeleton corroborates hypotheses in the clinical literature regarding zygomatic complex function, and provide new insights into patterns of failure of titanium and resorbable plates in experimental studies. It is suggested that the “pillar and buttress” model of human craniofacial skeleton function be replaced with FEMs that more accurately and precisely represent in vivo function, and which can serve as the basis for future research into implants used in restoration of occlusal function and fracture repair. Anat Rec, 299:1753–1778, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Streptozotocin‐Induced Maternal Hyperglycemia Increases the Expression of Antioxidant Enzymes and Mast Cell Number in Offspring Rat Ventral Prostate
Authors: Camargo Ana C. L. , Dos Santos Sérgio A. A. , Rinaldi Jaqueline C. , Constantino Flavia B. , Colombelli Ketlin T. , Scarano Wellerson R. , Felisbino Sérgio L. , Justulin Luis A. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has increased in recent years. Although the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in GDM‐increased risk factors to offspring remained poorly understood, some studies suggested an association between an increase in oxidative stress induced by maternal hyperglycemia and complications for both mothers and newborns. Here, we investigated the impact of maternal hyperglycemia followed by maternal insulin replacement during lactation on the expression of antioxidant enzymes and mast cell number in offspring ventral prostate (VP) at puberty. Pregnant rats were divided into three groups: control (CT); streptozotocin‐induced maternal hyperglycemia (MH); and MH plus maternal insulin replacement during lactation (MHI). Male offspring were euthanized at postnatal day (PND) 60 and the VP was removed and processed for histology and Western blotting analyses. Maternal hyperglycemia delayed prostate maturation, and increased mast cell number catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutatione‐s‐transferase (GST‐pi), and cyclooxygenase‐2 (Cox‐2) expression in the offspring of hyperglycemic dams. Maternal insulin replacement restored VP structure, mast cell number and antioxidant protein expression, except for Cox‐2, which remained higher in the MHI group. Thus, an increase in oxidative stress induced by intrauterine hyperglycemia impacts prostate development and maturation, which persists until puberty. The overall improvement of maternal metabolism after insulin administration contributes to the restoration of prostate antioxidant enzymes and secretory function. Taken together, our results highlighted that imbalanced physiological maternal‐fetal interaction contributes to the impairment of reproductive performance of the offspring from diabetic mothers. Anat Rec, 300:291–299, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ultraviolet B Irradiation Causes Stimulator of Interferon Genes–Dependent Production of Protective Type I Interferon in Mouse Skin by Recruited Inflammatory Monocytes
Authors: Sontheimer Clayton , Liggitt Denny , Elkon Keith B. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivePhotosensitivity is common in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, although the mechanisms linking ultraviolet (UV) light to flares are not well understood. We undertook this study to determine whether repetitive UVB exposure could induce type I interferon (IFN) production in normal mouse skin, and to investigate the roles of inflammatory monocytes and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) in type I IFN production and development of UVB irradiation–induced inflammation.MethodsMice were irradiated with UVB at 100 mJ/cm2 for 5 days, and cutaneous manifestations were examined by messenger RNA expression of inflammatory and type I IFN response genes, histology, and flow cytometry. Inflammatory monocyte and PDC depletion experiments were performed in CCR2–diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR)–transgenic mice and blood dendritic cell antigen 2–DTR–transgenic mice. The roles of type I IFN and of the adaptor protein stimulator of IFN genes (STING) in UVB irradiation–induced inflammation were investigated using IFN‐α/β/ω receptor (IFNAR)–knockout mice and STING‐knockout mice.ResultsRepeated UVB irradiation stimulated an inflammatory cell infiltrate and induction of type I IFN and proinflammatory cytokines. Interestingly, the type I IFN response was independent of PDCs but dependent on inflammatory monocytes, which were recruited following UVB irradiation. The adaptor protein STING was necessary for both type I IFN and proinflammatory cytokine expression in the skin. UVB‐irradiated IFNAR‐knockout mice showed increased levels of proinflammatory genes and more severe inflammation by histology, suggesting a protective role for type I IFN.ConclusionIn wild‐type mice, repeated doses of UVB irradiation induce monocyte‐dependent and PDC‐independent expression of type I IFN together with expression of other proinflammatory cytokines. Induction is dependent on the adaptor protein STING. Surprisingly, studies using IFNAR‐deficient mice revealed that type I IFN protects against UVB irradiation–induced skin inflammation, in part by attenuating proinflammatory cytokine expression and limiting tissue damage.
Asymmetric Aldol Synthesis: Choice of Organocatalyst and Conditions
Authors: Nakashima Erika , Yamamoto Hisashi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis is the first report of a successful asymmetric aldol reaction of acetone and 4‐nitrobenzaldehyde catalyzed by only 0.01 mol % of proline tetrazole (5‐pyrrolidin‐2‐yltetrazole). Amazingly, 3 mol % of water as an additive has significantly improved the efficiency of the aldol reaction in terms of yield and enantioselectivity, up to a 0.1‐mol‐scale production (up to 99 % isolated yield, 84 % ee).
Delay‐Dependent Stability Criterion for Discrete‐Time Systems with Time‐Varying Delays
Authors: Hua Changchun , Wu Shuangshuang , Bai Zhenhua , Guan Xinping 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe stability analysis problem is considered for linear discrete‐time systems with time‐varying delays. A novel summation inequality is proposed, which takes the double summation information of the system state into consideration. The inequality relaxes the recently proposed discrete Wirtinger inequality and its improved version. Based on construction of a suitable Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional and the novel summation inequality, an improved delay‐dependent stability criterion for asymptotic stability of the systems is derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method.