bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fault diagnosis for VSC-HVDC transmission systems using Kalman Filter-based disturbance observers
Authors: Rigatos Gerasimos , Gao Zhiwei , Busawon Krishna , Siano Pierluigi , AL-Numay Mohammed , Abbaszadeh Masoud 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

In this article a Kalman Filter-based disturbance observer is proposed for treating the fault detection and isolation problem of the VSC-HVDC transmission system. By proving differential flatness properties for the state-space model of the VSC-HVDC system which consists of an AC/DC converter-(rectifier), a high-voltage DC transmission line and a DC/AC inverter it is confirmed that this system can be transformed into the input-output linearized form and in the canonical Brunovsky form. The effects of model uncertainty and external perturbations are modeled as additive disturbance inputs. Moreover, by considering the disturbance inputs as additional state variables an extended state space description is obtained which is proven to be observable. For the latter state-space model a Kalman Filter-based disturbance observer is designed which is capable of identifying simultaneously both the non-measurable state variables and the disturbance terms. Next, the residuals of the Kalman Filter undergo statistical signal processing which finally enables fault detection and isolation. The sum of the squares of the residuals' sequence weighted by the inverse of the associated covariance matrix is a stochastic variable or "statistical test" which follows the $\chi^2$ distribution. The confidence intervals of the $\chi^2$ distribution allow to define fault thresholds. By comparing the "statistical test" against the fault thresholds one can conclude with a high level of confidence (of the order of 95\% and beyond) the existence of a failure. The disturbance estimates which are provided by the Kalman Filter-based disturbance observer allow also to perform fault isolation.
The current governance paradigm for integrated urban infrastructure planning in the metropolitan areas of Addis Ababa and Sheger
Authors: Worku Geremew , Adugna Dagnachew 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Major actors must organize their activities and resources through systems and procedures known as urban governance in order to utilize economic, social, and environmental resources for the benefit of the urban common good. The challenges and implications of metropolitan governance in the context of integrated infrastructure planning within city the regions are the focus of this study. The study examines the institutional, spatial, financial, and governance challenge related aspects of metropolitan regions through surveys, interviews, and focus group discussions that involve stakeholders. Significant voids in formal governance structures, coordination mechanisms, and stakeholder collaboration were identified in the two cities under investigation. Effective municipal governance has been impeded by obstacles such as administrative issues, boundary disputes, and insufficient resource allocation. The federal government's role in providing support, resources, and frameworks to address metropolitan issues is acknowledged, despite these challenges. The study emphasized the significance of proactive strategies, collaboration, and policy interventions in order to improve metropolitan governance and facilitate integrated infrastructure planning for sustainable urban development.
Assessment of the chemical stability of clay materials with different reactive surface areas under varying pH environments: A numerical modeling approach
Authors: Khan Riaz Hossain 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This study examined the fluid-rock interactions to assess the stability of clay minerals under a subsurface heterogeneous reservoir. Three-dimensional reactive transport simulations were run up to 100 years using a grid representing the Morrow B Sandstone of Farnsworth Unit and parts of the adjacent Morrow Shale layers in the western Anadarko basin, Texas. Six model scenarios were tested where the minimum and maximum reactive surface areas of clay minerals were repeated with the systematically altered formation water pH level from neutral (pH = 7) to highly acidic states (pH = 3). A relative increase in total aqueous concentrations of Na+ and K+ and a lowering of SiO2 (aq) were predicted under a higher acidic environment. The models predicted a continuous dissolution of illite and secondary precipitation of smectite minerals. In contrast the stability of kaolinite temporally varied depending on the size of the reactive surface areas considered for the simulations. This resulted in the largest increase in the net volumetric abundance of smectite compared to the kaolinite and illite minerals over the model domain. The sensitivity to the variations of the formation water pH level and the interaction effects of pH and surface area for the precipitation and dissolution of clay minerals was found to be relatively insignificant.
WELFARE AND RURAL WELL-BEING IN POST MAO CHINA (1978-88): A DEBATE
Authors: Rajendra Dayal  
Published: October 2024

During the first decade of reform (1978-88) there was an impressive economic growth, change in the output growth pattern, shift in the structure of employment, and rise in the income and consumption level of the peasants. The number of those in absolute poverty declined significantly, though rural income inequality, both regionally and intra regionally, even at the village level increased significantly. In this context the question arises: did the growth of income and output per head due to economic reforms accompany a similarly improved performance with regard to non -income indicators of well -being? Based on available literature on rural reforms in post Mao China, this paper examines the debate on the above question. This question assumes importance because China in the pre-reform period had brought remarkable improvements in living conditions including the expansion of life expectancy, reduction infant mortality and illiteracy even with the slow and low growth in per capita income. From the Nolan and Sen it emerges that while policy and institutional changes meant for raising economic growth as well as per capita income were remarkably successful, the same instruments, however, undermined the public provisioning of social goods and services and affected the length and quality of' life of peasants in poorer households for whom market medicated access to health services were proving increasingly difficult. But while the pre-reform Maoist period, had strong egalitarian distributive mechanism in place, the welfare standards and quality of services were too low.
TEMPORAL PERSPECTIVES: EXPLORING THE PHILOSOPHICAL DIMENSIONS OF TIME
Authors: Ms. Bijuli Rajiyung  
Published: October 2024

Time has a very deep-rooted and multifaceted nature; this research paper makes a profound philosophical analysis of it. It takes into the different theories of space and time, both essential to understanding the basic premise of the subject, dealing with philosophical questions such as whether space or time is the precondition of the being or whether both of these are objective. The paper tends to utilize the integrated approach which thus means that the thoughts of the classical and the contemporary philosopher's discourse are studied. Central to this exploration is an interrogation of the very essence of time itself: Is there anything, which can be called time in our universe? In another way, is there any manner that the perception of reality is fixed or is it more prone to be fuzzy or sometimes both? Thus, this process provides the foundation for a more thorough philosophical methodology of understanding how different philosophical traditions view and reflect on the concept of time and its passing. Through the journey of different cultural and intellectual realms, the paper demonstrates that the different notions of time connect the huge range of the ancient epoch concept of the cyclic mind to that of the modern times thinkers in grips with the complexity of space and time. Appealing to an abundance of philosophical pathways in search of truth, the study’s main topic lies within the scope of temporal epistemology, aiming at the understanding of how people perceive, and interact with time. It bursts off the bubble of temporal paradoxes which concerns the traditional views of time’s flow and continuity. Through this thorough analysis, the paper shows that temporal philosophy exists with deep implications on the notion of what reality is. Due to reflecting on the ontological, epistemological, and experiential elements of time, time can not only increase the philosophical circle but also give ideas that are very important to the fabric of human knowledge and existence.
“IMPACT OF FAMILY ENVIRONMENT ON THE EDUCATIONAL INTEREST AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS OF RAJASTHAN”
Authors: Dr. Vinod Kumar K. Satyapal  , Anju Pareek  
Published: October 2024

A kid experiences a wide range of conditions from the moment of birth and continues to grow, gaining a wealth of knowledge in the process. This experience is what will teach him. John Locke asserted that humans develop via education and that plants grow via agriculture, acknowledging the significance of education in human existence. The foundation of a child's thinking and his mental development lies in his family, which is called his family environment. In today’s fast – paced and ever- changing world, high – quality education is becoming increasingly important. Student need to be trained not just for academic and professional success, but to be equipped with essential life skills and values needed to navigate through the various challenges they may encounter in life. This is why human value education has become an important aspect of modern education. The impact of home environment on the scholastic interests of kids enrolled in private secondary schools in Rajasthan's Jaipur area has been investigated by the researcher.
This study used a survey approach to gather data from 200 children in the Jaipur District , and the results showed that The analysis of the data obtained by the researcher proves that there is no significant difference in the family environment and educational interest of the secondary level students studying in the secondary schools of urban areas.
SKILLQUEST EDU: GAME-BASED EDUCATION FOR STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES (DEAF)
Authors: Dr. Vijayalakshmi P.  , Vinish V.  , Santhosh Kumar B.  , Sunil Kumar A.  , Suryaprakash S.  
Published: October 2024

Skill Quest Edu is an innovative platform empowering deaf individuals in mastering pronunciation and language skills with over 90% accuracy. In the current educational landscape, traditional approaches may not fully accommodate diverse learning needs, leading to limited resources and disparities. Our proposed system addresses these challenges by integrating game-based education, providing interactive learning experiences tailored to individual strengths and challenges. SkillQuest Edu aims to bridge communication barriers, fostering confidence and proficiency in language acquisition among deaf learners.
Phenolic Glycoside Monomer from Reed Rhizome Inhibits Melanin Production via PI3K-Akt and Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK Pathways
Authors: Pang Meijun , Yao Hong , Bao Kechen , Xu Ruitian , Xi Rongjiao , Peng Rui , Zhi Hui , Zhang Kuo , He Runnan , Du Yunfei , Su Yanfang , Liu Xiuyun , Ming Dong 
Published: October 2024

Introduction:
Melanogenesis, the process responsible for melanin production,
is a critical determinant of skin pigmentation. Dysregulation of this process can
lead to hyperpigmentation disorders.

Method:
In this study, we identified a novel Reed Rhizome extract, (1'S, 2'S)-syringyl
glycerol 3'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (compound 5), and evaluated its anti-melanogenic
potential in zebrafish models and in vitro assays. Compound 5 inhibited melanin synthesis
by 36.66% ± 14.00% and tyrosinase in vivo by 48.26% ± 6.94%, surpassing the inhibitory
effects of arbutin. Network pharmacological analysis revealed key targets, including
HSP90AA1, HRAS, and PIK3R1, potentially involved in the anti-melanogenic
effects of compound 5.

Results:
Molecular docking studies supported the interactions between compound 5 and
these targets. Further, gene expression analysis in zebrafish indicated that compound 5
up-regulates hsp90aa1.1, hrasa, and pik3r1, and subsequently down-regulating mitfa,
tyr, and tyrp1, critical genes in melanogenesis.

Conclusion:
These findings suggest that compound 5 inhibits melanin production via
PI3K-Akt and Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK signaling pathways, positioning it as a promising candidate
for the treatment of hyperpigmentation.
Structural Prediction and Antigenic Analysis of ROP18, MIC4, and SAG1 Proteins to Improve Vaccine Design against Toxoplasma gondii: An In silico Approach
Authors: Nayeri Tooran , Sarvi Shahabeddin , Fasihi-Ramandi Mahdi , Asgarian-Omran Hossein , Ajami Abolghasem , Hosseininejad Zahra , Dodangeh Samira , Daryani Ahmad 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Toxoplasmosis is a cosmopolitan infectious disease in warm-blooded mammals that poses a serious worldwide threat due to the lack of effective medications and vaccines.

Aims:
The purpose of this study was to design a multi-epitope vaccine using several bioinfor-matics approaches against the antigens of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii).

Methods:
Three proteins of T. gondii, including ROP18, MIC4, and SAG1, were analyzed to predict the most dominant B- and T-cell epitopes. Finally, we designed a chimeric immunogen RMS (ROP18, MIC4, and SAG1) using some domains of ROP18 (N377-E546), MIC4 (D302-G471), and SAG1 (T130-L299) linked by rigid linker A (EAAAK) A. Physicochemical prop-erties, secondary and tertiary structures, antigenicity, and allergenicity of RMS were predicted utilizing immunoinformatic tools and servers.

Results:
RMS protein had 545 amino acids with a molecular weight (MW) of 58,833.46 Da and a theoretical isoelectric point (IP) of 6.47. The secondary structure of RMS protein con-tained 21.28% alpha-helix, 24.59% extended strand, and 54.13% random coil. In addition, eval-uation of antigenicity and allergenicity showed the protein to be an immunogen and non-aller-gen. The results of the Ramachandran plot indicated that 76.4%, 12.9%, and 10.7% of amino acid residues were incorporated in the favored, allowed, and outlier regions, respectively. ΔG of the best-predicted mRNA secondary structure was −593.80 kcal/mol, which indicated that a stable loop was not formed at the 5′ end.

Conclusion:
Finally, the accuracy and precision of the in silico analysis must be confirmed by successful heterologous expression and experimental studies.
Hydroxylation of Phenol by an Azomethine Quinoxaline Schiff Base Copper (II) Complex
Authors: Arun Vasudevan 
Published: October 2024

Introduction:
A binuclear azomethine quinoxaline Schiff base copper (II) complex, [Cu2LCl2], having square-planar environment around each copper (II), has been synthesized.

Method:
The coordination of the azomethine quinoxaline Schiff base with copper (II) and its structure was studied by various physicochemical and spectroscopic measurements.

Results:
Catalytic activity of this complex in phenol hydroxylation reaction has been examined using H2O2 as a green oxidant.

Conclusion:
Catalytic reaction conditions were optimized and under these conditions, 18.32 % conversion of phenol has been obtained for this catalyst
Ten years’ experience of vacuum systems in treatment of complicated postoperative wounds of various etiologies
Authors: Cherkasov M. F. , Galashokyan K. M. , Startsev Yu. M. , Cherkasov D. M. , Melikova S. G. , Rudkova K. E. 
Published: October 2024

Objective: increase effectiveness of wounds treatment after various etiology by using VAC.Materials and methods: study included 128 patients with surgical infection. Specter of operations is presented: pilonidal cyst excision — 40 (31.2%), sternomediastinitis — 23 (18%), mesh hernioplasty — 16 (12.5%), laparotomy — 15 (11.7%), emergency laparotomy — 7 (5.5%), traumatology paraimplant complications — 7 (5.5%), abdominoplasty — 7 (5.5%), postoperative esophageal fistulas — 6 (4.7%), decubital ulcers — 4 (3.1%), mammoplasty — 3 (2.3%).Results: duration of VAC-therapy averaged 22.1±0.26 days. Systemic inflammatory reaction noted in 43 (33.6%) patients. Granulation tissue on 8th day of treatment noted in 98 (76.6%) cases. Microscopically, on day 8 of treatment, inflammatory-regenerative cytograms were detected in 104 (81.3%) patients. Over the course of 16 days, wounds decreased by 62.1±2.5% in all observations. In 47 (36.7%) cases, secondary sutures were applied, in 30 (23.4%) — grafting. A month later, healing was noted in 106 (82.8%) patients. Complications (wound bleeding) were noted in 7 (5.5%) patients. Reoperations were performed in 11 (8.5%) patients. Period of complete healing was 29.3±0.4 days.Conclusions: vacuum therapy is an effective way to treat wounds in purulent surgery. Time of complete reparative regeneration of wound and period of expensive inpatient treatment are reduced.
Optimum and Green Fabrication of MIL-100(Fe) for Crystal Violet Dye Removal from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Wijaya Christian Julius , Soetaredjo Felycia Edi , Yuliana Maria , Santoso Shella Permatasari , Hartono Sandy Budi , Irawaty Wenny , Lie Jenni , Putro Jindrayani Nyoo , Gunarto Chintya , Puspitasari Nathania , Ismadji Suryadi , Gunawan Setiyo 
Published: October 2024

MIL-100(Fe) was prepared and subsequently used to remove crystal violet dye from aqueous solutions simulating dye-containing wastewater in the environment. In the future, it is aimed that MIL-100(Fe) can be used in managing dye-containing wastewater in the environment and reducing the negative impacts it can cause. Here, MIL-100(Fe) fabrication needs to be optimized to obtain optimum process conditions, which are environmentally friendly and can produce MIL-100(Fe) with the best characteristics. This study focused on optimizing the fabrication of MIL-100(Fe), which is a type of MOF with good chemical stability, thermal stability, and flexible structure. In this study, the room-temperature fabrication of MIL-100(Fe) was established using a ligand-to-metal molar ratio of 0.95 and an acetic acid concentration of 5.1 vol% for 6.2 h. The optimum MIL-100(Fe) was tested for crystal violet removal and provided an optimum removal capacity of 182.66 ± 3.81 mg/g. Statistical approaches are used to investigate the independent parameters and their interactions contributing to MIL-100(Fe) formation.
Validation of Analytical Method for Vitamin A in Bioadhesive Ocular Cationic Nanoemulsion Loaded into Thermosensitive Gel Using RP-HPLC
Authors: Fatimah Siti Fatmawati , Lukitaningsih Endang , Martien Ronny , Nugroho Akhmad Kharis 
Published: October 2024

Various test methods have been previously documented for determining vitamin A levels in different dosage forms. This study specifically examines an isocratic reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method designed for the direct extraction of vitamin A. The objective is to validate an analytical method for quantifying vitamin A in bioadhesive cationic nanoemulsions incorporated into thermosensitive gels. The method employs isocratic RP-HPLC with a YMC-Triart C18 column (L1), dimensions of 4.6 mm × 250 nm, particle size of S-5 µm, and a UV detector at λ = 265 nm. The mobile phase consists of HPLC-grade methanol, acetonitrile, and n-hexane in a ratio of 46.5:46.5:7. Validation parameters were assessed including selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of quantification (LOQ), and limit of detection (LOD). Correlation coefficients were determined with an R2 value of 0.9995 in the concentration range of 264–396 μg/mL (w/v). Recovery percentages ranged from 99.295% to 99.878%. Repeatability and intermediate precision relative standard deviations (RSD) were found to be 0.318% and 0.254%, respectively. The LOD was established at 2.018 μg/mL, and the LOQ was determined to be 6.114 μg/mL. The results affirm cost-effective and well-suited for the accurate measurement of vitamin A levels in bioadhesive thermosensitive gel formulations.
Spectrofluorimetric Method for Simultaneous Determination of Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole with <i>O</i>-phthaladehyde Reagent by H-point Standard Addition Method
Authors: Alsayegh Amneen Mohammed , Alshirifi Abbas Noor 
Published: October 2024

Simultaneous spectrofluorometric method described for the determination of trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) in pure and pharmaceutical preparations using H-point standard addition method (HPSAM) according to the reaction of nanograms of drugs with O-phthaladehyde (OPA) reagent to forms highly fluorescence compounds. The formed fluorophore excitation and emission at 342 and 458 nm, respectively, for OPA-TMP compound, at 424 and 508 nm, respectively, for OPA-SMZ compound under basic condition (pH 9.8) in the presence of 2-mercabtoethanol. A simple and accurate HPSAM is reported to resolve the overlapping in the fluorescence spectrum of these two drugs without prior separation of samples. The linear range was 100–1200 ng/mL for TMP and 100–1100 ng/mL for SMZ. The LOD and LOQ were 16.64 and 36.80 ng/mL, as well as 15.76 and 33.88 ng/mL for TMP and SMZ, respectively. The relative standard deviations and recovery percentages were 0.641% and 101.29% for TMP as well as 0.558% and 100.96% for SMZ, respectively. The procedure has been applied successfully in various pharmaceutical preparations. It was discovered that the experimental F- and t-values at a 95% confidence level were no higher than the theoretical values, showing that the HPSAM method is accurate and valid.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using <i>Citrus sinensis</i> Peels Assisted by Microwave Irradiation as a Contrast Agents for Computed Tomography Imaging
Authors: Fatikasari Tanty , Nurhasanah Iis , Khumaeni Ali 
Published: October 2024

Contrast agents are extensively used to enhance the quality of images in computed tomography (CT) scans for brain exams, vascular imaging, and full-body imaging. Recent data indicate that iodine-based contrast agents have brief durations of blood circulation and may lead to harmful toxicity effects. This study aims to produce silver nanoparticles using environmentally friendly synthesis techniques facilitated by microwaves. The characteristics of nanoparticles have been studied using UV-vis, FTIR, XRD, and TEM techniques. The TEM analysis reveals that the silver nanoparticle has an average diameter of 9 nm and exhibits a spherical shape. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) values of silver nanoparticles at 100, 150, and 200 mg/L concentrations are 35.79, 48.16, and 74.66, respectively. In comparison, iodine exhibits CNR values of 28.57, 34.69, and 48.56 at the same concentrations. The CNR values for tube currents of 140, 160, and 180 mA are 37.83, 44.98, and 48.26, respectively. In contrast, the CNR values in silver nanoparticles are 63.64, 75.32, and 81.67. The results obtained from the different concentrations and tube currents clearly demonstrate that silver nanoparticles have a higher CNR than iopamidol. Hence, silver nanoparticles have significant potential as contrast agents.