Autonomous Inflow Control Devices Help Maximize Life of Wells in Deepwater West Africa
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: October 2024

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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 35418, “Design Execution and Evaluation of Advanced Completions in Deepwater West Africa,” by Piyush Pankaj, SPE, Matthew S. Jackson, and Lokesh, ExxonMobil, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2024 Offshore Technology Conference.

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Deepwater wells offshore West Africa traverse a complicated faulted block with sand bodies that can feature thicknesses of tens of meters. The study described in the complete paper provides insight into designing advanced well completions under various challenging reservoir conditions with autonomous inflow control devices (AICDs) that enable maximizing the producing life of the wells.

Introduction
The study area for this paper has been a challenging brownfield. Wells have been drilled in difficult deepwater conditions, and the target reservoirs have been lenticular sands with interbedded shale layers. To further complicate production, the sand bodies are poorly consolidated. Openhole wells with standalone screen and gravel packs have become a common approach to address sand control.
Water- and gas-injection programs have been used actively in the field during the past 25 years, which further augments production and reservoir management challenges. Water and gas breakthrough in the infill wells has been a major concern for reservoir management.
To address the gas buildup in the near-wellbore region and early water production, AICDs have become a popular feature in the lower well-completion designs in high-angled wells that intersect multiple sand bodies along the lateral completion interval.
Two case studies are provided in the complete paper; one is included in this synopsis.

Flow-Control Technology
Although technology that empowers the ability to control the flow of unwanted fluids from zones in the well has been in use since the 1990s, flow-control technology has rapidly evolved, with advancement fueled by the need for long, complex well designs. The two broad categories of these approaches include active and passive flow control.
The decision to use inflow-control technologies can be driven by the following economic values:
- Balance drawdown along the wellbore
- Increase recovery factor and reserves
- Improve well cleanup
- Reduces risk of erosion or hot-spotting of sandface completion

Choice of Inflow Control for West Africa Field of Study
Fluidic-diode AICDs were chosen because of their applicability to encountered fluid properties and reservoir conditions and their robustness of design in providing reliable long-term solutions. The reliability is prolonged in such AICDs because they work without any moving parts. Upon changes in viscosity, density, and rate, the fluid flow path will vary to gain the required control of flow rates. This AICD design, with its special geometry, alters the flow path or pattern for preferential fluid restriction.

Operational Execution
Ultimately, the AICDs were deployed on an inner string. This allowed the standard wire-wrapped screens and gravel pack to function as the traditional sand-control mechanism, while the inner string, deployed inside the lower completion, provides resistance to flow from unwanted gas production.