bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interpolation of temperatures under forest cover on a regional scale in the French Jura Mountains
Authors: Joly Daniel , Gillet François 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTA network of 48 stations was setup in the Jura Mountains (France) to interpolate temperatures under forest cover, an environment that differs markedly from open sites. The stations were positioned so as to sample all topographical settings. The series analysed consisted of the daily minima and maxima extracted from observations recorded for a year (356 days). Regressions were used to describe relations between temperatures under forest cover (dependent random variables) and a set of explanatory variables: latitudinal and longitudinal variations, distance to the nearest forest edge, and seven variables derived from a digital terrain model by geomatic computation [elevation, slope gradient, sine and cosine of slope aspect, global radiation (g‐rad), valley depth, and hump amplitude]. Elevation is the variable that most strongly affects the spatial variation of temperatures under forest cover followed by valley depth, longitudinal variation, and g‐rad (for maxima only). Variables that are significant at the 10% level are combined in multiple regressions with a view to estimating temperatures at 50 m resolution. TheMAEvalues are 0.82 and 0.77 °C for minima and maxima, respectively; adjustedR2values are 0.47 for minima and 0.64 for maxima. Finally, we present four maps of estimated temperature under forest cover.
Magnetic CuFe2O4 and Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Catalyzed Diacetoxylation of Alkenes and 1,2‐Oxyacetoxylation of Terminal Alkynes Using PhI(OAc)2 as Oxidant
Authors: Srinivas B. T. V. , Supriya P. , Rohithrao V. , Naidu N. V. S. , Sreedhar B. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMagnetically retrievable CuFe2O4 and Fe3O4 nanoparticles as efficient catalysts for selective syn diacetoxylation of alkenes have been achieved using PhI(OAc)2 as oxidant under mild conditions. In addition, by using this protocol, different kinds of terminal alkynes were efficiently converted into the corresponding α‐acetoxy ketones. The catalysts were reused with consistent activity up to five cycles. To the best of our knowledge, CuFe2O4 and Fe3O4 heterogeneous catalyzed diacetoxylation of alkenes has not been studied so far.
Zika-Virus-Related Photo Sharing on Pinterest and Instagram
Authors: Fung Isaac Chun-Hai , Blankenship Elizabeth B. , Goff M. Elizabeth , Mullican Lindsay A. , Chan Kwun Cheung , Saroha Nitin , Duke Carmen H. , Eremeeva Marina E. , Fu King-Wa , Tse Zion Tsz Ho 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectivePinterest (San Francisco, CA) and Instagram (Menlo Park, CA) are 2 popular photo-sharing social media platforms among young individuals. We assessed differences between Instagram and Pinterest in relaying photographic information regarding Zika virus. Specifically, we investigated whether the percentage of Zika-virus-related photos with Spanish or Portuguese texts embedded therein was higher for Instagram than for Pinterest and whether the contents of Zika-virus-related photos shared on Pinterest were different from those shared on Instagram.MethodsWe retrieved and manually coded 616 Pinterest (key words: “zika” AND “virus”) and 616 Instagram (hashtag: #zikavirus) photos.ResultsAmong the manually coded samples, 47% (290/616) of Pinterest photos and 23% (144/616) of Instagram photos were relevant to Zika virus. Words were embedded in 57% (164/290) of relevant Pinterest photos and all 144 relevant Instagram photos. Among the photos with embedded words, photos in Spanish or Portuguese were more prevalent on Instagram (77/144, 53%) than on Pinterest (14/164, 9%). There were more Zika-virus-related photos on Instagram than on Pinterest pertinent to Zika virus prevention (59/144, 41%, versus 41/290, 14%; P<0.0001), the effects of Zika virus on pregnancy (27/144, 19%, versus 32/290, 11%; P=0.04), and Zika-virus-associated deaths (4/144, 2%, versus 0/290, 0%; P=0.01).ConclusionsPinterest and Instagram are similar platforms for Zika virus prevention communication. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:656–659)
Definitional Change in NHSN CAUTI Was Associated with an Increase in CLABSI Events: Evaluation of a Large Health System
Authors: Fakih Mohamad G. , Groves Clariecia , Bufalino Angelo , Sturm Lisa K. , Hendrich Ann L. 
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUND
The National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) definition was revised as of January 2015 to exclude funguria and lower bacteriuria levels. We evaluated the effect of the CAUTI definition change on NHSN-defined central-line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) outcomes.

METHODS
We compared CAUTI and CLABSI NHSN-defined outcomes for calendar years 2014 and 2015 in the adult intensive care units (ICUs) of a single large health system. Changes in the event rates, the associated organisms, and the standardized infection ratio (SIR) were evaluated.

RESULTS
The study included 137 adult ICUs from 65 hospitals. The CAUTI SIR dropped from 1.04 in 2014 to 0.58 in 2015 (−44.2%), while the CLABSI SIR increased from 0.36 in 2014 to 0.47 in 2015 (+30.6%). CAUTI rates dropped 44.8% from 2.09 to 1.15 events per 1,000 device days (P&lt;.001). Gram-positive–associated CAUTI rates dropped 36.7% from 0.34 to 0.22 per 1,000 device days (P=.007). CLABSI rates increased 27.1% from 0.71 to 0.90 per 1,000 device days (P=.027). Candida-associated CLABSI increased by 91.1% from 0.104 to 0.198 per 1,000 device days (P=.012), and Enterococcus-associated CLABSI increased by 121.6% from 0.071 to 0.16 per 1,000 device days (P=.008).

CONCLUSIONS
The revised CAUTI definition led to a large reduction in CAUTI rates and, in turn, an increase in candidemia and enterococcemia cases classified as CLABSI events. These findings have important implications on the perceived successes or failures to eliminate both infections.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:685–689
THE EAST INDIA COLLEGE DEBATE AND THE FASHIONING OF IMPERIAL OFFICIALS, 1806–1858
Authors: WILKINSON CALLIE 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThroughout its relatively brief existence, the English East India Company's college in Hertfordshire was hotly debated in Company headquarters, parliament, and the press. These disputes are deeply revealing of contemporary attitudes to the inter-related issues of elite education, government, ‘Britishness’, and empire. Previously, historians interested in the relationship between education and empire have concentrated largely on British attempts to construct colonial subjects, but just as important and just as controversial to contemporaries was the concomitant endeavour to create colonial officials. On a practical level, disputes in educational theory made it difficult to decide on how to train recruits who would satisfy growing demands for transparency, accountability, and merit. Furthermore, on certain points contemporaries fundamentally disagreed about which qualities an imperial official should have. These disagreements reflected deeper uncertainties, particularly regarding the ideal relationship to be fostered between the Company, Britain, and India. In short, this debate highlights the tensions, anxieties, and ambiguities surrounding reform and imperial expansion in the early nineteenth century.
Towards a coherent global framework for health financing: recommendations and recent developments
Authors: Ottersen Trygve , Elovainio Riku , Evans David B. , McCoy David , Mcintyre Di , Meheus Filip , Moon Suerie , Ooms Gorik , Røttingen John-Arne 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe articles in this special issue have demonstrated how unprecedented transitions have come with both challenges and opportunities for health financing. Against the background of these challenges and opportunities, the Working Group on Health Financing at the Chatham House Centre on Global Health Security laid out, in 2014, a set of policy responses encapsulated in 20 recommendations for how to make progress towards a coherent global framework for health financing. These recommendations pertain to domestic financing of national health systems, global public goods for health, external financing for national health systems and the cross-cutting issues of accountability and agreement on a new global framework. Since the Working Group concluded its work, multiple events have reinforced the group’s recommendations. Among these are the agreement on the Addis Ababa Action Agenda, the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals, the outbreak of Ebola in West Africa and the release of the Panama Papers. These events also represent new stepping stones towards a new global framework.
Targeting 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 associated with drug-resistant renal cell carcinoma using new oridonin analogs
Authors: Zhou Jiancheng , Yun Eun-Jin , Chen Wei , Ding Ye , Wu Kaijie , Wang Bin , Ding Chunyong , Hernandez Elizabeth , Santoyo John , Pong Rey-Chen , Chen Haiying , He Dalin , Zhou Jia , Hsieh Jer-Tsong 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe current agents used for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) only exhibit the moderate response rate among patients. Development of drug resistance eventually fuels the need of either more potent drugs or new drugs to target the resistant pathways. Oridonin is a diterpenoid isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb Rabdosia rubescens and has been shown to have antitumor activities in many cancers. We previously developed new synthetic methodologies to modify structurally diversified diterpenoids and designed a series of nitrogen-enriched oridonin analogs. In this study, we screened a variety of oridonin analogs based on their cytotoxicity using MTT assay and identify the most potent candidate, namely, CYD-6-17. CYD-6-17 exhibited a high potency to inhibit the in vitro growth of several drug-resistant RCC cells as well as endothelial cells stimulated by tumor cells at nanomolar range. Delivery of CYD-6-17 significantly inhibited RCC tumor growth using xenograft model. Mechanistically, it targeted the 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 gene that appeared to be a potent regulator of AKT and was associated with patient survival after targeted therapies. This offers a new rational therapeutic regimen of CYD-6-17 to drug-resistant RCC based on its novel mechanism of action.
Brain activity in the right-frontal pole and lateral occipital cortex predicts successful post-operatory outcome after surgery for anterior glenoumeral instability
Authors: Zanchi Davide , Cunningham Gregory , Lädermann Alexandre , Ozturk Mehmet , Hoffmeyer Pierre , Haller Sven 
Published: March 2017

AbstractShoulder apprehension is more complex than a pure mechanical problem of the shoulder, creating a scar at the brain level that prevents the performance of specific movements. Surgery corrects for shoulder instability at the physical level, but a re-dislocation within the first year is rather common. Predicting which patient will be likely to have re-dislocation is therefore crucial. We hypothesized that the assessment of neural activity at baseline and follow-up is the key factor to predict the post-operatory outcome. 13 patients with shoulder apprehension (30.03 ± 7.64 years) underwent clinical and fMRI examination before and one year after surgery for shoulder dislocation contrasting apprehension cue videos and control videos. Data analyses included task-related general linear model (GLM) and correlations imaging results with clinical scores. Clinical examination showed decreased pain and increased shoulder functions for post-op vs. pre-op. Coherently, GLM results show decreased activation of the left pre-motor cortex for post-surgery vs. pre-surgery. Right-frontal pole and right-occipital cortex activity predicts good recovery of shoulder function measured by STT. Our findings demonstrate that beside physical changes, changes at the brain level also occur one year after surgery. In particular, decreased activity in pre-motor and orbito-frontal cortex is key factor for a successful post-operatory outcome.
Absence of Role of Dietary Protein Sensing in the Metabolic Benefits of Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass in the Mouse
Authors: Barataud Aude , Goncalves Daisy , Vinera Jennifer , Zitoun Carine , Duchampt Adeline , Gautier-Stein Amandine , Mithieux Gilles 
Published: March 2017

AbstractRoux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) induces remission or substantial improvement of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) but underlying mechanisms are still unclear. The beneficial effects of dietary proteins on energy and glucose homeostasis are mediated by the antagonist effects of peptides toward mu-opioid receptors (MORs), which are highly expressed in the distal gut. We hypothesized that the beneficial effects of RYGB could depend at least in part on the interaction of peptides from food with intestinal MORs. Duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) was performed in obese and lean wild-type (WT) or MOR deficient (MOR−/−) mice. Food intake and body weight was monitored daily during 3 weeks. Glucose homeostasis was assessed from glucose and insulin tolerance tests. In obese WT and MOR−/− mice, DJB induced a rapid and sustained weight loss partly independent of food intake, and a rapid improvement in glycaemic parameters. Weight loss was a major determinant of the improvements observed. In lean WT and MOR−/− mice, DJB had no effect on weight loss but significantly enhanced glucose tolerance. We found that MORs are not essential in the metabolic beneficial effects of DJB, suggesting that protein sensing in the distal gut is not a link in the metabolic benefits of gastric surgery.
The Arabidopsis miR396 mediates pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immune responses against fungal pathogens
Authors: Soto-Suárez Mauricio , Baldrich Patricia , Weigel Detlef , Rubio-Somoza Ignacio , San Segundo Blanca 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a pivotal role in regulating gene expression during plant development. Although a substantial fraction of plant miRNAs has proven responsive to pathogen infection, their role in disease resistance remains largely unknown, especially during fungal infections. In this study, we screenedArabidopsis thalianalines in which miRNA activity has been reduced using artificial miRNA target mimics (MIMlines) for their response to fungal pathogens. Reduced activity of miR396 (MIM396plants) was found to confer broad resistance to necrotrophic and hemibiotrophic fungal pathogens. MiR396 levels gradually decreased during fungal infection, thus, enabling its GRF (GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR) transcription factor target genes to trigger host reprogramming. Pathogen resistance inMIM396plants is based on a superactivation of defense responses consistent with a priming event during pathogen infection. Notably, low levels of miR396 are not translated in developmental defects in absence of pathogen challenge. Our findings support a role of miR396 in regulating plant immunity, and broaden our knowledge about the molecular players and processes that sustain defense priming. That miR396 modulates innate immunity without growth costs also suggests fine-tuning of miR396 levels as an effective biotechnological means for protection against pathogen infection.
Cell cycle arrest and biochemical changes accompanying cell death in harmful dinoflagellates following exposure to bacterial algicide IRI-160AA
Authors: Pokrzywinski Kaytee L. , Tilney Charles L. , Warner Mark E. , Coyne Kathryn J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBacteria may play a role in regulating harmful algal blooms, but little is known about the biochemical and physiological changes associated with cell death induced by algicidal bacteria. Previous work characterized an algicidal exudate (IRI-160AA) produced by Shewanella sp. IRI-160 that is effective against dinoflagellates, while having little to no effect on other phytoplankton species in laboratory culture experiments. The objective of this study was to evaluate biochemical changes associated with cell death and impacts on the cell cycle in three dinoflagellate species (Prorocentrum minimum, Karlodinium veneficum and Gyrodinium instriatum) after exposure to IRI-160AA. In this study, IRI-160AA induced cell cycle arrest in all dinoflagellates examined. Several indicators for programmed cell death (PCD) that are often observed in phytoplankton in response to a variety of stressors were also evaluated. Cell death was accompanied by significant increases in DNA degradation, intra- and extracellular ROS concentrations and DEVDase (caspase-3 like) protease activity, which have been associated with PCD in other phytoplankton species. Overall, results of this investigation provide strong evidence that treatment with the bacterial algicide, IRI-160AA results in cell cycle arrest and induces biochemical changes consistent with stress-related cell death responses observed in other phytoplankton.
Compact wearable 5‐GHz flexible filter
Authors: Zhao Mengjuan , Zhang Yong 
Published: March 2017

A compact flexible filter based on 0° feed structure with ultrathin liquid crystal polymer substrate is proposed firstly. An open‐ended stub is introduced to improve the out‐band rejection. The presented flexible filter with dimension of 6.48 × 9.89 × 0.086 mm3 is operating at WLAN of 5.15–5.875 GHz, which will alleviate the channel congestion of 2.4 GHz. In the case of flat, the measured minimum insertion loss is 1.9 dB at 5.61 GHz and the return loss is better than 16.45 dB. The bending behaviour of the compact flexible filter is also analysed. Compared with the flat case, the return loss is optimised by 0.45 dB, the maximum deterioration of insertion loss is 0.13 dB in case of R = 10 mm, and the transmission zeros position are invariant. Good agreement is obtained between the flat and the bending situation, which shows that the presented flexible filter is promising for the wearable applications.
Conclusion
Authors: Pollmann Karla 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The conclusion highlights authority as a key for understanding early Christian poetry, predominantly focusing on the Latin West. Ancient poetry in general made the claim of divine inspiration, thus deriving authority from a supernatural source. Accordingly, it based the validity of its message on a foundation beyond argument, which has consequences both for the relationship between poets and their poems, as well as between poems and their readers. In Christian late antiquity, the divine inspiration of poetry had to be renegotiated, and as a consequence authorities, aesthetics, and arguments had to be given a new role and a new foundation in the Christian poetic discourse. The conclusion summarizes the various possibilities and their consequences, also looking at the issue in terms of how far pagan poetry already foreshadowed such a development. This fresh programmatic perspective invites a changed appreciation and evaluation of early Christian poetry in general.
The Industrialization of Italy, 1861–1971
Authors: Gomellini Matteo , Toniolo Gianni 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
At unification in 1861, the Italian peninsula was a relatively backward area at the European periphery. By 1971, Italy’s convergence on Europe’s northwestern industrial core was almost complete. This chapter describes the main features of Italy’s industrial and manufacturing growth, emphasizing the role of traditional and modern sectors. It assesses the impact of commercial and industrial policies, and analyses the country’s regional manufacturing divide. The chapter concludes with a list of the main drivers of the spread of manufacturing over the long run. It raises the question of the timing of the spread of industry from core to Italian periphery. On the eve of the Second World War, the shares of modern sectors in manufacturing were close to those of core countries. However, while Italy’s Northwest looked like an industrial region, the South was still part of the backward periphery—a divide that reduced only moderately after the war.
Topological superconductors and category theory
Authors: Bernevig Andrei , Neupert Titus 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
A pedagogical introduction to topologically ordered states of matter is given, with the aim of familiarizing the reader with their axiomatic topological quantum field theory description. Basic non-interacting topological phases of matter protected by symmetries are introduced, including the Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model and the one-dimensional p-wave superconductor. The defining properties of topologically ordered states are illustrated explicitly using the toric code and—on a more abstract level—Kitaev’s 16-fold classification of two-dimensional topological superconductors. Subsequently, a short review of category theory as an axiomatic description of topological order in two-dimensions is presented. With this structure available, Kitaev’s 16-fold way is revisited.
Duality in generalized Ising models
Authors: Wegner Franz J. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
These lecture notes deal with Ising models with interactions containing products of more than two spins. After a number of examples have been given, some general statements are presented. Of particular interest is a gauge-invariant Ising model in four dimensions. This has important properties in common with models for quantum chromodynamics as developed by Ken Wilson. One phase yields an area law for the Wilson loop, yielding an interaction that increases proportionally to the distance and thus corresponds to quark confinement. The other phase yields a perimeter law allowing for a quark–gluon plasma.
Land Issues
Authors: Markussen Thomas 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This chapter uses five waves of the Viet Nam Access to Resources Household Survey (VARHS) to analyse land issues in Viet Nam from a number of different angles. The VARHS provides panel data at plot as well as household level and I use this rich dataset to present descriptive results on landlessness, land fragmentation, land market activities, and land property rights. I use plot level, fixed effects regressions to investigate the effects of land titles (land use certificates) on household investment. Results show that land titling has a strong and statistically significant effect on household investment in irrigation, although this effect is only present in upland areas.
Children and Youths
Authors: Narciso Gaia , Newman Carol 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Structural transformation in rural Viet Nam has led to rising incomes and a diversification of livelihoods away from agriculture. Using panel data on children in 2,181 VARHS households surveyed over the 2008–14 period, we examine how the welfare of children has been impacted by structural transformation. Our analysis depicts a society that has made great progress towards improving child welfare, which can, in part, be linked to the empowerment of women that has accompanied the transformation process. We find heterogeneity in welfare gains though, with boys benefiting more than girls and persistently lower levels of child welfare among ethnic minorities.