bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oncogenic Transformation Induced by High and Low LET Radiations
Authors: Bettega D. , Calzolari P. , Ottolenghi A. , Tallone Lombardi L. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Cytotoxicity and oncogenic transformation incidence were studied in C3H 10T1/2 cells irradiated with 4.3 MeV alpha particles and were compared with results previously obtained with low LET protons. The alpha particles were more effective than low LET protons both in cell inactivation and for oncogenic transformation. The survival curve with alpha particles was an exponential function of the dose with a mean lethal dose of 0.61 ± 0.02 Gy. The corresponding RBE was a decreasing function of the dose varying from 15 to 4 when alpha particle doses ranged from 0.1 to 2 Gy. The transformation curves show complex shapes with a region of apparent constancy at low doses followed by a linear increase with dose. RBE values decreased from 20 to 4 in the dose region between 0.1 and 2 Gy. There was a significant transformation incidence at doses that have very little effect on cell survival. No effect of the dose rate was found at total doses of 0.05 and 0.1 Gy with dose rates of 0.11 and 0.005 Gy.min-1.
The Microdosimetry of Radon Decay Products in the Respiratory Tract
Authors: Hui T.E. , Poston J.W. , Fisher D.R. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop methods for calculating the probability density in specific energy for cell nuclei of the respiratory tract epithelium irradiated by inhaled radon and daughter products. Microdosimetry also provides the probability that cell nuclei may be hit by alpha particles, the probability that cell nuclei are completely missed, and the mean (absorbed) dose to cell nuclei. Such information is useful for interpreting the significance of an inhalation exposure to radon and daughters. The secretory and basel cell nuclei were considered separately as potential targets of biological importance for exposure to radon daughters. A 30 day (0.023 WLM) and a 30 year (8.45 WLM) exposure to a reference atmosphere representing an average exposure to the US population to a radon concentration of 37 Bq.m-3 (1 pCi.l-1) in disequilibrium with its daughters were considered for sample calculations. About 0.3% and 10% of cell nuclear sites would be hit once for 30 day and 30 year exposures, respectively. Most cell nuclear sites (80-90%) would be missed by the 30 year exposure to alpha particles. The main, lobar, and segmental bronchi (generations 1-4) have the highest fraction of cell nuclei irradiated; these are also the epithelial tissues from which most bronchial tumours originate in humans exposed to radon atmospheres. The average 30 year reference atmosphere doses to secretory and basal cell nuclei in the segmental bronchi were 0.3 Gy and 0.2 Gy (30 rad and 20 rad), respectively. These values correspond to 0.035 Gy.WLM-1 and 0.024 Gy.WLM-1, respectively. For the whole bronchial tree, the average absorbed dose per unit exposure was 0.014-0.015 Gy.WLM-1 (1.4-1.5 rad.WLM-1).
The Distribution of Intergranular Gaps Along Alpha Tracks Recorded in Ionographic Emulsions
Authors: Wittendorp-Rechenmann E. , Senger B. , Koziel-Vigneron V. , Rechenmann R.V. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Detailed microscopic analyses performed at high statistics (size: 1100) on 8.776 MeV a tracks materialised in nuclear emulsion demonstrated a distribution of intergranular gaps along the primary ion's path that was not only non-random but also fluctuated significantly with the energy of the projectile. The highest and lowest gap frequencies measured correspond to the energy region of 0.07 - 1.5 MeV and 7 MeV, respectively. The gap length distributions followed an exponential law, a known characteristic of the intergranular gaps distributed along the tracks of high energy charged particles. A tentative interpretation of these observations has been undertaken in terms of spatial distributions of d rays around the incoming ion's path, by applying the Double-Differential Cross-Section Mixed Treatment to the geometrical configuration of the AgBr microcrystals embedded in the gelatin matrix. At this preliminary stage of our modelling, the main experimental data could already be reproduced satisfactorily.
Thermoluminescent Characterisation of MgB4O7:Dy Sintered Pellets
Authors: Campos L.L. , Fernandes Filho O.O. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Solid MgB4O7:Dy pellets have recently been produced at the Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN). Results on annealing, glow curve, exposure and energy response, fading and reproducibility of the pellets are presented.
Phototransferred Thermoluminescence in Calcite
Authors: Lima J.F. , Trzesniak P. , Yoshimura E.M. , Okuno E. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the thermoluminescent properties of Brazilian calcite was studied, using both untreated (without any treatment in the laboratory) and treated samples (with a heat treatment at 400 oC for 1 h followed by a gamma ray exposure of 7.5 C.Kg-1). The glow curve of the untreated samples showed peaks at 250 oC (peak 2) and 350 oC (peak 3), while the treated samples presented an additional peak at 150 oC (peak 1). Thermal bleaching was performed on treated samples in order to empty the traps corresponding to either peak 1 or peaks 1 and 2. UV exposure following this procedure caused the reappearance of the erased peaks, at the expense of the peaks related to the deeper traps. The experimental results can be explained by the phototransference of charge carriers.
The Variation of TL Properties of Synthetic Quartz by Thermal Annealing
Authors: Kristianpoller N. , Abu-Rayya M. , Chen R. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The previously reported supralinear dependence of the 110 oC peak in synthetic quartz on the dose of beta excitation has been further studied. The transition from strong supralinearity to linear or weak supralinear behaviour has been investigated in some detail. In the unannealed material, an initial more than quadratic dose dependence has been observed, behaving like Dk where D is the dose and k a number up to 3. Annealing at high temperature increased substantially the initial sensitivity and reduced the degree of supralinearity. The transition occurs between 500 and 1000 oC, depending partly on the grain size. In this temperature range the initial sensitivity increases by at least an order of magnitude, and the dose dependence reduces gradually, in some cases down to near linearity. In intermediate temperature annealings within the above mentioned range, a transition between low and high values of the supralinearity factor k has been found in the dose dependence curve, which seems to shed some new light on the understanding of supralinearity in this material.
Phototransferred Thermoluminescence in Quartz
Authors: Milanovich-Reichhalter I. , Vana N. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
After a and ß irradiation of fine-grain samples from quartz annealed at 650 oC three PTTL peaks appear at 100 oC, 150 oC and 195 oC after first readout up to 245 oC and UV illumination. Two different wavelengths, 315 nm and 275 nm cause the most significant PTTL. The peak heights of the PTTL peaks depend on illumination time. The peak at 100 oC saturates after 4 min, the peaks at 150 oC and 195 oC after 30 min of illumination. The PTTL peaks are filled from a peak with a maximum at about 325 oC. The efficiency of the phototransfer process depends on illumination wavelength and illumination time and is different after a irradiation and ß irradiation.
Corrections to Gamma Ray Dosimetry Measurements Made in Harwell's Two High Intensity Filtered Neutron Beams using 7LiF Thermoluminescent Dosemeters Owing to their Neutron Sensitivity
Authors: Croft S. , Perks C.A. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Two high intensity filtered neutron beams have been developed at the Harwell Laboratory using the high flux reactors DIDO and PLUTO as neutron sources. The beams have been used to irradiate biological cells, in free air and at various depths in a polyethylene phantom, in order to assess the potential of intermediate energy neutrons for the treatment of brain tumours using Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). For the purpose of these studies, the gamma ray dose rates in the open beam and at depths in the polyethylene phantom were measured using 7LiF thermoluminescent dosemeters (TLDs), with the assumption that their sensitivity to neutrons is negligible. Because of this assumption the gamma ray dose rate estimates obtained are too high. In this paper an estimate of the spectrum averaged neutron sensitivity of 7LiF TLD material is made using the measured neutron fluence rate spectrum of the beam and the calculated neutron fluence rate profile with depth in the polyethylene phantom, together with evaluated data on the neutron sensitivity of 7LiF TLD taken from the literature. It is found that the largest correction occurs within the first few centimetres of the polyethylene phantom where the thermal neutron fluence rate to ? dose rate peaks. The effect of this correction is to reduce the measured gamma ray dose rates between 0.7% and 17% depending on the isotopic composition of the lithium in dosemeters. Appropriate correction factors as a function of depth in the polyethylene phantom for a representative range of 6Li/7Li ratios are presented.
Medicago truncatulacopper transporter 1 (MtCOPT1) delivers copper for symbiotic nitrogen fixation
Authors: Senovilla Marta , Castro-Rodríguez Rosario , Abreu Isidro , Escudero Viviana , Kryvoruchko Igor , Udvardi Michael K. , Imperial Juan , Guerrero Manuel González 
Published: February 2017

Summary• Copper is an essential nutrient for symbiotic nitrogen fixation. This element is delivered by the host plant to the nodule, where membrane copper transporter would introduce it into the cell to synthesize cupro-proteins.• COPT family members in model legumeMedicago truncatulawere identified and their expression determined. Yeast complementation assays, confocal microscopy, and phenotypical characterization of aTnt1insertional mutant line were carried out in the nodule-specificM.truncatulaCOPT family member.•Medicago truncatulagenome encodes eight COPT transporters.MtCOPT1(Medtr4g019870) is the only nodule-specificCOPTgene. It is located in the plasma membrane of the differentiation, interzone and early fixation zones. Loss of MtCOPT1 function results in a copper-mitigated reduction of biomass production when the plant obtains its nitrogen exclusively from symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Mutation ofMtCOPT1results in diminished nitrogenase activity in nodules, likely an indirect effect from the loss of a copper-dependent function, such as cytochrome oxidase activity incopt1-1bacteroids.• These data are consistent with a model in which MtCOPT1 transports copper from the apoplast into nodule cells to provide copper for essential metabolic processes associated with symbiotic nitrogen fixation.
Meta-analysis of the variance ratio
Authors: Traut Nicolas 
Published: February 2017

IntroductionThe most commonly used effect size when using meta-analysis to compare a measurement of interest in two different populations is the standardised mean difference. This is the mean difference of the measurement divided by the pooled standard deviation in the two groups. The standard deviation is usually supposed to be the same for both groups, although this assumption is often made without any particular evidence. It is possible, however, that the difference of the measurement in the two populations resides precisely in their standard deviations. This could be the case, for example, if a population of patients exhibited more “abnormal” values than a control population – both large and small – even if the mean values were the same. Fisher’s test of equality of variance is designed to compare standard deviations. A variance ratio is a Fisher’s ratio and Fisher distribution can be used to give confidence intervals to the estimate for one study. However, confidence interval for one study can be very wide if the study does not contain enough subjects. Here we present an approach to combine variance ratios of different studies in a meta-analytic way which produces more robust estimates under these circumstances.
Maize seedling morphology and defence hormone profiles, but not herbivory tolerance, were mediated by domestication and modern breeding
Authors: Chinchilla‐Ramírez M. , Borrego E.J. , DeWitt T.J. , Kolomiets M.V. , Bernal J.S. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe addressed whether Zea seedling morphology relevant to performance, defence hormone profiles and tolerance of a phloem‐feeding, specialist herbivore were affected by two processes, plant domestication and modern breeding. Domestication effects were inferred through comparisons between Balsas teosintes (Zea mays parviglumis) and landrace maizes (Z. mays mays), and modern breeding effects through comparisons between landrace maizes and inbred maize lines. Specifically, we compared seedling forms (a composite measure of leaf length, average stem diameter, shoot wet weight, shoot dry weight, total root length, root wet weight, and root dry weight), shapes (forms scaled by seedling dry weight, a proxy for seedling size), and defence hormone profiles among Balsas teosinte and landrace and inbred line maizes, exposed or unexposed to feeding by Dalbulus maidis. Our results suggested that domestication as well as modern breeding strongly mediated both seedling form and shape. Form was more similar between landrace and inbred maize than between Balsas teosinte and landrace maize, suggesting that domestication affected seedling form more than modern breeding. In contrast, shape was more similar between Balsas teosinte and landrace maize than between landrace and inbred maizes, suggesting that modern breeding affected seedling shape more than domestication. Additionally, seedling shoot : root ratios appeared to have been mediated by domestication, but not by modern breeding. In broad terms, individual seedling structures relevant to seedling ecology in wild or managed environments, such as leaf and root lengths, and shoot and root masses, were enlarged with domestication and reduced with modern breeding. Herbivory did not affect seedling shape, but had a weak effect on form so that seedlings were slightly larger in the absence versus presence of D. maidis. Also, both domestication and modern breeding seem to have mediated seedling hormone profiles, with breeding more strongly mediating profiles than domestication. Jasmonic acid isoleucine (JA‐Ile) and salicylic acid (SA) were induced by herbivory in both teosinte and maize. The hormone profiles assays collectively suggested that domestication and modern breeding altered constitutive levels of SA, abscisic acid and JA‐related (JA‐Ile and oxo‐phytodienoic acid) hormone levels in seedlings, particularly by increasing the levels of SA and decreasing those of JA‐related hormones. Altogether, our results suggested that maize domestication and modern breeding significantly altered seedling form, shape, ecologically relevant morphological traits (e.g. leaf and root lengths, and shoot and root masses) and hormonal defences, but not tolerance of D. maidis herbivory.
Optimal split‐plot orthogonal arrays
Authors: Yang Po , Lin Chang‐Yun 
Published: February 2017

SummaryIt is well known that many industrial experiments have split‐plot structures. Compared to completely randomised experiments, split‐plot designs are more economical and thus have received much attention among researchers. Much work has been done for two‐level split‐plot designs. In this article, we consider split‐plot designs with factors of three, more than three, or mixed levels and with both qualitative and quantitative factors. We show that if two designs with both qualitative and quantitative factors are geometrically isomorphic, then their generalised wordlength patterns are identical. Three design scenarios are considered for optimal designs. The corresponding wordlength patterns are defined and the minimum aberration mixed‐level split‐plot designs having 18 and 36 runs are tabulated.
Improved porcine model for Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli infection by deprivation of colostrum feeding in newborn piglets
Authors: Sato Toshio , Hamabata Takashi , Takita Eiji , Matsui Takeshi , Sawada Kazutoshi , Imaoka Taishi , Nakanishi Nobuo , Nakayama Keizo , Tsukahara Takamitsu 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPorcine edema disease (ED) is a toxemia caused by enteric infection with Shiga toxin 2e (Stx2e)‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC). ED occurs most frequently during the weaning period and is manifested as emaciation associated with high mortality. In our experimental infection with a specific STEC strain, we failed to cause the suppression of weight gain in piglets, which is a typical symptom of ED, in two consecutive experiments. Therefore, we examined the effects of deprivation of colostrum on the sensitivity of newborn piglets to STEC infection. Neonatal pigs were categorized into two groups: one fed artificial milk instead of colostrum in the first 24 h after birth and then returned to the care of their mother, the other breastfed by a surrogate mother until weaning. The oral challenge with 1011 colony‐forming units of virulent STEC strain on days 25, 26 and 27 caused suppression of weight gain and other ED symptoms in both groups, suggesting that colostrum deprivation from piglets was effective in enhancing susceptibility to STEC. Two successive STEC infection experiments using colostrum‐deprived piglets reproduced this result, leading us to conclude that this improved ED piglet model is more sensitive to STEC infection than the previously established models.
Using electronic medical record data to report laboratory adverse events
Authors: Miller Tamara P. , Li Yimei , Getz Kelly D. , Dudley Jesse , Burrows Evanette , Pennington Jeffrey , Ibrahimova Azada , Fisher Brian T. , Bagatell Rochelle , Seif Alix E. , Grundmeier Robert , Aplenc Richard 
Published: February 2017

SummaryDespite the importance of adverse event (AE) reporting, AEs are under‐reported on clinical trials. We hypothesized that electronic medical record (EMR) data can ascertain laboratory‐based AEs more accurately than those ascertained manually. EMR data on 12 AEs for patients enrolled on two Children's Oncology Group (COG) trials at one institution were extracted, processed and graded. When compared to gold standard chart data, COG AE report sensitivity and positive predictive values (PPV) were 0–21·1% and 20–100%, respectively. EMR sensitivity and PPV were >98·2% for all AEs. These results demonstrate that EMR‐based AE ascertainment and grading substantially improves laboratory AE reporting accuracy.
Pharmacological characterization of the excitatory ‘Cys‐loop’ GABA receptor family in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Nicholl Georgina C B , Jawad Ali K , Weymouth Robert , Zhang Haoming , Beg Asim A 
Published: February 2017

Background and PurposeIonotropic GABA receptors are evolutionarily conserved proteins that mediate cellular and network inhibition in both vertebrates and invertebrates. A unique class of excitatory GABA receptors has been identified in several nematode species. Despite well‐characterized functions in Caenorhabditis elegans, little is known about the pharmacology of the excitatory GABA receptors EXP‐1 and LGC‐35. Using a panel of compounds that differentially activate and modulate ionotropic GABA receptors, we investigated the agonist binding site and allosteric modulation of EXP‐1 and LGC‐35.Experimental ApproachWe used two‐electrode voltage clamp recordings to characterize the pharmacological profile of EXP‐1 and LGC‐35 receptors expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes.Key ResultsThe pharmacology of EXP‐1 and LGC‐35 is different from that of GABAA and GABAA‐ρ receptors. Both nematode receptors are resistant to the competitive orthosteric antagonist bicuculline and to classical ionotropic receptor pore blockers. The GABAA‐ρ specific antagonist, TPMPA, was the only compound tested that potently inhibited EXP‐1 and LGC‐35. Neurosteroids have minimal effects on GABA‐induced currents, but ethanol selectively potentiates LGC‐35.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe pharmacological properties of EXP‐1 and LGC‐35 more closely resemble the ionotropic GABAA‐ρ family. However, EXP‐1 and LGC‐35 exhibit a unique profile that differs from vertebrate GABAA and GABAA‐ρ receptors, insect GABA receptors and nematode GABA receptors. As a pair, EXP‐1 and LGC‐35 may be utilized to further understand the differential molecular mechanisms of agonist, antagonist and allosteric modulation at ionotropic GABA receptors and may aid in the design of new and more specific anthelmintics that target GABA neurotransmission.
Reciprocal Relations Between Harsh Discipline and Children's Externalizing Behavior in China: A 5‐Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Wang Meifang , Liu Li 
Published: February 2017

This research examined the overtime reciprocal relations between maternal and paternal harsh discipline and children's externalizing behavior. Seven hundred two father–mother dyads of children (6–9 years of age at baseline) completed measures of parental harsh discipline and children's externalizing behavior at five time points, 1 year apart. Autoregressive latent trajectory models revealed that maternal and paternal corporal punishment predicted subsequent children's externalizing behavior (parent‐driven effects), whereas children's externalizing behavior predicted subsequent maternal and paternal psychological aggression (child‐driven effects). The parent‐driven effects became stronger, whereas the child‐driven effects were equally strong across time. Furthermore, the parent‐driven effects for corporal punishment were found for both boys and girls, whereas the child‐driven effects for psychological aggression were found only for boys.
Association between grip strength and diabetes prevalence in black, South‐Asian, and white European ethnic groups: a cross‐sectional analysis of 418 656 participants in the UK Biobank study
Authors: Ntuk U. E. , Celis‐Morales C. A. , Mackay D. F. , Sattar N. , Pell J. P. , Gill J. M. R. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimsTo quantify the extent to which ethnic differences in muscular strength might account for the substantially higher prevalence of diabetes in black and South‐Asian compared with white European adults.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study used baseline data from the UK Biobank study on 418 656 white European, black and South‐Asian participants, aged 40–69 years, who had complete data on diabetes status and hand‐grip strength. Associations between hand‐grip strength and diabetes were assessed using logistic regression and were adjusted for potential confounding factors.ResultsLower grip strength was associated with higher prevalence of diabetes, independent of confounding factors, across all ethnicities in both men and women. Diabetes prevalence was approximately three‐ to fourfold higher in South‐Asian and two‐ to threefold higher in black participants compared with white European participants across all levels of grip strength, but grip strength in South‐Asian men and women was ~ 5–6 kg lower than in the other ethnic groups. Thus, the attributable risk for diabetes associated with low grip strength was substantially higher in South‐Asian participants (3.9 and 4.2 cases per 100 men and women, respectively) than in white participants (2.0 and 0.6 cases per 100 men and women, respectively). Attributable risk associated with low grip strength was also high in black men (4.3 cases) but not in black women (0.4 cases).ConclusionsLow strength is associated with a disproportionately large number of diabetes cases in South‐Asian men and women and in black men. Trials are needed to determine whether interventions to improve strength in these groups could help reduce ethnic inequalities in diabetes prevalence.