bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary ovarian mixed strumal and mucinous carcinoid arising in an ovarian mature cystic teratoma
Authors: Kim Na Rae , Ha Seung Yeon , Shin Jin Woo , Lim Soyi , Park Chan Yong , Cho Hyun Yee 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA 39‐year‐old woman presented with low back pain lasting for several weeks. Abdominopelvic computed tomography showed an ovarian cystic mass with an enhancing solid portion, fat and internal calcification. A right salpingo‐oophorectomy was performed. A 9.7 cm round multiseptated cystic mass showed pathology of mature cystic teratoma and contained a solid portion, measuring 4.2 cm, composed mainly of carcinoid cells arranged in a trabecular‐insular configuration admixed with surrounding thyroid follicles containing colloid. Juxtaposed were several nests of columnar cells interspersed with goblet cells and extracellular mucin pools. In the cyst wall of the teratoma, the lining of pseudostratified columnar cells was occasionally mixed with goblet cells transforming to the carcinoid portion. Immunohistochemically, both mucinous and strumal carcinoids were positive for polyclonal carcinoembryonic antigen, caudal type homeobox 2, cytokeratin (CK)7, CK20, synaptophysin, CD56 and focally positive for chromogranin. Thyroid follicles were positive for thyroid transcription factor‐1 and thyroglobulin. After gastrointestinal and respiratory tract evaluation, no evidence of primary tumor, including omentum, was observed. The mass was diagnosed as a mixed strumal and mucinous type carcinoid associated with a mature cystic teratoma.
Immunohistochemical expression of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) in oral nevi and melanoma
Authors: de Souza do Nascimento Juliana , Carlos Román , Delgado‐Azañero Wilson , Mosqueda Taylor Adalberto , de Almeida Oslei Paes , Romañach Mário José , de Andrade Bruno Augusto Benevenuto 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundCyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) catalyses the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin, and its overexpression has been demonstrated in different malignant tumors, including cutaneous melanoma. However, no data about the expression of this protein in oral melanocytic lesions are available to date. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of COX‐2 in oral nevi and melanomas, comparing the results with correspondent cutaneous lesions.MethodsCOX‐2 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 49 oral melanocytic lesions, including 36 intramucosal nevi and 13 primary oral melanomas, and in four cutaneous nevi and eight melanomas.ResultsAll cases of oral and cutaneous melanomas were positive for COX‐2. On the other hand, all oral and cutaneous melanocytic nevi were negative.ConclusionCOX‐2 is highly positive in oral melanomas and negative in oral nevi and might represent a useful marker to distinguish melanocytic lesions of the oral cavity.
Managing simple food allergy in community settings: A pilot study investigating a new model of care
Authors: Danchin Margaret , De Bono Natalie , Allen Katrina , Tang Mimi , Hiscock Harriet 
Published: November 2015

AimThe prevalence of food allergy in Australia has increased, paralleled by an increase in waiting time to access tertiary paediatric allergy care. We aimed to test whether a new model of care, based on serum specific IgE testing, was feasible and acceptable to Australian families.MethodsA prospective pilot intervention study was conducted in community paediatric practices within 20–40 km of The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne. Children ≤7 years with likely food allergy referred to the Department of Allergy and Immunology at RCH were included; children with anaphylaxis, drug allergy or complex food allergy (>three food groups) were excluded. Community general paediatricians, recruited through the Australian Paediatric Research Network, were trained via webinars on the management of four common food allergy‐related scenarios. Paediatrician and child and family parameters were assessed at baseline and 3 months, including safety.Results34/45 (76%) eligible families and 10/12 (83%) paediatricians participated. Paediatricians managed 27/34 (80%) of children independently, with 7/34 (20%) requiring referral to an allergist for more complex food allergy. Paediatricians reported improved knowledge and competency in managing food allergy: (mean (standard deviation) scores pre = 35 (5.3) and post = 43.3 (3.9) training). The majority of children received appropriate management; there were no anaphylaxis episodes. There was no significant change in child quality of life or parent mental health.ConclusionsManagement of simple food allergy by community paediatricians appears feasible and acceptable to paediatricians and families alike. Future research will evaluate this approach in an adequately powered and controlled trial.
Melatonin suppression of aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect), survival signalling and metastasis in human leiomyosarcoma
Authors: Mao Lulu , Dauchy Robert T. , Blask David E. , Dauchy Erin M. , Slakey Lauren M. , Brimer Samantha , Yuan Lin , Xiang Shulin , Hauch Adam , Smith Kara , Frasch Tripp , Belancio Victoria P. , Wren Melissa A. , Hill Steven M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractLeiomyosarcoma (LMS) represents a highly malignant, rare soft tissue sarcoma with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Previously, we demonstrated that tissue‐isolated human LMS xenografts perfused in situ are highly sensitive to the direct anticancer effects of physiological nocturnal blood levels of melatonin which inhibited tumour cell proliferative activity, linoleic acid (LA) uptake and metabolism to 13‐hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13‐HODE). Here, we show the effects of low pharmacological blood concentrations of melatonin following oral ingestion of a melatonin supplement by healthy adult human female subjects on tumour proliferative activity, aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) and LA metabolic signalling in tissue‐isolated LMS xenografts perfused in situ with this blood. Melatonin markedly suppressed aerobic glycolysis and induced a complete inhibition of tumour LA uptake, 13‐HODE release, as well as significant reductions in tumour cAMP levels, DNA content and [3H]‐thymidine incorporation into DNA. Furthermore, melatonin completely suppressed the phospho‐activation of ERK 1/2, AKT, GSK3β and NF‐kB (p65). The addition of S20928, a nonselective melatonin antagonist, reversed these melatonin inhibitory effects. Moreover, in in vitro cell culture studies, physiological concentrations of melatonin repressed cell proliferation and cell invasion. These results demonstrate that nocturnal melatonin directly inhibited tumour growth and invasion of human LMS via suppression of the Warburg effect, LA uptake and other related signalling mechanisms. An understanding of these novel signalling pathway(s) and their association with aerobic glycolysis and LA metabolism in human LMS may lead to new circadian‐based therapies for the prevention and treatment of LMS and potentially other mesenchymally derived solid tumours.
Effects of different dl‐selenomethionine and sodium selenite levels on growth performance, immune functions and serum thyroid hormones concentrations in broilers
Authors: Wang Y. , Wang H. , Zhan X. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThis trial was conducted in a 2 × 3 + 1 factorial arrangement based on a completely randomized design to evaluate the effects of different dl‐selenomethionine (dl‐Se‐Met) and sodium selenite (SS) levels on growth performance, immune functions and serum thyroid hormones concentrations in broilers. A total of 840 Ross 308 broilers (7 days old) were allocated by body weight to seven treatments (three replicates of 40 birds each treatment) including (1) basal diet (containing 0.04 mg of selenium (Se)/kg; control) without supplementary Se; (2, 3 and 4) basal diet + 0.05, 0.15 or 0.25 mg/kg Se as SS; (5, 6 and 7) basal diet + 0.05, 0.15 or 0.25 mg/kg Se as dl‐Se‐Met. The experiment lasted 42 days. The results revealed that dietary Se supplementation improved (p < 0.05) average daily gain, feed efficiency, immune organ index, serum immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations and decreased (p < 0.01) thyroxine (T4)/T3 ratio in serum compared with the control. Broilers receiving the dl‐Se‐Met‐supplemented diets had higher (p < 0.05) feed efficiency, thymus index, the amounts of IgA, IgG, IgM and T3 as well as lower (p < 0.05) serum T4 concentrations and T4/T3 ratio than those consuming the SS‐supplemented diets. Serum IgA and IgM levels of broilers fed 0.15 mg Se/kg were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of broilers fed 0.05 or 0.25 mg Se/kg. In summary, we concluded that dl‐Se‐Met is more effective than SS in increasing immunity and promoting conversion of T4 to T3, thus providing an effective way to improve the growth performance of broilers. Besides, based on a consideration of all experiment indices, 0.15 mg Se/kg was suggested to be the optimal level of Se supplementation under the conditions of this study.
Effect of zinc bacitracin and phytase on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass and meat traits of broilers
Authors: Attia Y. A. , Bovera F. , Abd El‐Hamid A. E. , Tag El‐Din A. E. , Al‐Harthi M. A. , El‐Shafy A. S. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryA total of 336 one‐day‐old Hubbard broiler chickens were randomly distributed among 8 groups, each containing six replicates (7 chickens/replicate). From 1 to 40 days of age, the groups fed the same starter, grower and finisher diets. The control group was unsupplemented; zinc bacitracin (ZnB) group received the antibiotic at 0.5 g/kg; fungal phytase (FP) groups received 250, 500 and 1000 U/kg diet of Aspergillus niger phytase (FP_250, FP_500 and FP_1000 groups), respectively; bacterial phyatse (BP) groups received 250, 500 and 1000 U/kg diet of Escherichia coli phytase (BP_250EP, BP_500EP and BP_1000EP groups) respectively. Considering the whole experimental period, body weight gain was unaffected by ZnB and different concentrations of bacterial and fungal phytase; however, the feed conversion ratio of the group fed a diet supplemented with 500 U of BP was better (p < 0.01) than those fed with a diet supplemented with 500 U of FP. BP_250 group had a higher (p < 0.05) apparent digestibility of ether extract compared to FP_250 group. In conclusion, bacterial phytase at 500 U may enhance performance of broiler chickens fed during days 1–40 of age and yield similar growth performance and economic efficiency to those of eB‐supplemented groups.
The effects of increasing garlic powder and monensin supplementation on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, growth performance and blood parameters of growing calves
Authors: Gholipour A. , Foroozandeh Shahraki A. D. , Tabeidian S. A. , Nasrollahi S. M. , Yang W. Z. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of increasing garlic powder and monensin supplementation on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, growth performance and blood metabolites of growing calves. Forty Holstein calves (BW = 100 ± 11 kg) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments (n = 10) in a complete randomized design. Experimental treatments consisted of the following: (i) basal diet (control), (ii) basal diet supplemented with 0.0003% of dietary dry matter (DM) sodium monensin, (iii) low level of garlic powder (Low‐GAR; 0.5% of dietary DM) and (iv) high level of garlic powder (High‐GAR; 1% of dietary DM). DM intake (DMI) and DM digestibility were (p < 0.05) decreased by High‐GAR. However, calves supplemented with Low‐GAR had a similar DMI to the control calves and similar DM digestibility to the control and monensin groups. The digestibility of other nutrients were not affected by the treatments. Although supplementing monensin relative to Low‐GAR increased the DMI (p < 0.05), average daily gain was similar between Low‐GAR and monensin supplemented calves, which were higher than the control and High‐GAR groups (p < 0.05). As a result, feed conversion ratio was improved in the Low‐GAR group versus other treatment groups (p < 0.05). Administrating garlic powder decreased the blood low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) and non‐esterified fatty acids (p < 0.05) without affecting the blood triglyceride, high‐density lipoprotein and beta‐hydroxybutyric acid concentrations. In conclusion, the calves fed the Low‐GAR showed an improved FCR and blood metabolites without changing the DMI and nutrient digestibility. It suggests that garlic powder could be used as an alternative to monensin for growing calves under the current feeding conditions.
Human milk sharing practices in the U.S.
Authors: Palmquist Aunchalee E. L. , Doehler Kirsten 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe primary objective of this study is to describe human milk sharing practices in the U.S. Specifically, we examine milk sharing social networks, donor compensation, the prevalence of anonymous milk sharing interactions, recipients' concerns about specific milk sharing risks, and lay screening behaviors. Data on human milk sharing practices were collected via an online survey September 2013–March 2014. Chi‐square analyses were used to test the association between risk perception and screening practices. A total of 867 (661 donors, 206 recipients) respondents were included in the analyses. Most (96.1%) reported sharing milk face‐to‐face. Only 10% of respondents reported giving or receiving milk through a non‐profit human milk bank, respectively. There were no reports of anonymous purchases of human milk. A small proportion of recipients (4.0%) reported that their infant had a serious medical condition. Screening of prospective donors was common (90.7%) but varied with social relationship and familiarity. Likewise, concern about specific milk sharing risks was varied, and risk perception was significantly associated (P‐values = 0.01 or less) with donor screening for all risk variables except diet. Understanding lay perceptions of milk sharing risk and risk reduction strategies that parents are using is an essential first step in developing public health interventions and clinical practices that promote infant safety.
A meta‐analysis of nutrition interventions on mental development of children under‐two in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Larson Leila Margaret , Yousafzai Aisha K. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractInterventions to improve nutritional status of young children in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC) may have the added benefit of improving their mental and motor development. This meta‐analysis updates and goes beyond previous ones by answering two important questions: (1) do prenatal and postnatal nutritional inputs improve mental development, and (2) are effects on mental development associated with two theoretically interesting mediators namely physical growth and motor development? The meta‐analysis of articles on Medline, PsycINFO, Global Health and Embase was limited to randomized trials in LMICs, with mental development of children from birth to age two years as an outcome. The initial yield of 2689 studies was reduced to 33; 12 received a global quality rating of strong. Of the 10 prenatal and 23 postnatal nutrition interventions, the majority used zinc, iron/folic acid, vitamin A or multiple micronutrients, with a few evaluating macronutrients. The weighted mean effect size, Cohen'sd(95% CI) for prenatal and postnatal nutrition interventions on mental development was 0.042 (−0.0084, 0.092) and 0.076 (0.019, 0.13), respectively. Postnatal supplements consisting of macronutrients yielded an effect sized(95% CI) of 0.14 (0.0067, 0.27), multiple micronutrients 0.082 (−0.012, 0.18) and single micronutrients 0.058 (−0.0015, 0.12). Motor development, but not growth status, effect sizes were significantly associated with mental development in postnatal interventions. In summary, nutrition interventions had small effects on mental development. Future studies might have greater effect if they addressed macronutrient deficiencies combined with child stimulation and hygiene and sanitation interventions.
New insights into relationships between active and dormant organisms, phylogenetic diversity and ecosystem productivity
Authors: Cram Jacob A. 
Published: November 2015

Marine microbes make up a key part of ocean food webs and drive ocean chemistry through a range of metabolic processes. A fundamental question in ecology is whether the diversity of organisms in a community shapes the ecological functions of that community. While there is substantial evidence to support a positive link between diversity and ecological productivity for macro‐organisms in terrestrial environments, this relationship has not previously been verified for marine microbial communities. One factor complicating the understanding of this relationship is that many marine microbes are dormant and are easily dispersed by ocean currents, making it difficult to ensure that the organisms found in a given environmental sample accurately reflect processes occurring in that environment. Another complication is that, due to microbes great range of genotypic and phenotypic variability, communities with distantly related species may have greater range of metabolic functions than communities have the same richness and evenness, but in which the species present are more closely related to each other. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Galand et al. (2015) provide compelling evidence that the most metabolically active communities are those in which the nondormant portion of the microbial community has the highest phylogenetic diversity. They also illustrate that focusing on the active portion of the community allows for detection of temporal patterns in community structure that would not be otherwise evident. The authors’ point out that the presence of many dormant organisms that do not contribute to ecosystem functioning is a feature that makes microbial ecosystems fundamentally different from macro‐ecosystems and that this difference needs to be accounted for in microbial ecology theory.
Current Methods to Assess Human Cutaneous Blood Flow: An Updated Focus on Laser‐Based‐Techniques
Authors: Cracowski Jean‐Luc , Roustit Matthieu 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSeveral noninvasive techniques have been developed using laser light interaction in the skin to explore the skin's microcirculation. Combined with laser Doppler or LSCI, reactivity tests are used to explore skin endothelial and neurovascular function in humans, including PORH, LTH, PIV, and iontophoresis of vasodilators. Recent advances in our comprehension of the physiological pathways underlying these reactivity tests have been possible through topical or intradermal delivery of drugs that produce elevated local concentrations. Skin microvascular function has also been proposed as a prognostic biomarker or for evaluating the effect of drugs. Comprehension of the physiological pathways, together with recent technological improvements in microcirculation imaging, has provided reliable and reproducible tools to study skin microcirculation.
Comparative transcriptomic analyses of Zymoseptoria tritici strains show complex lifestyle transitions and intraspecific variability in transcription profiles
Authors: Palma‐Guerrero Javier , Torriani Stefano F. F. , Zala Marcello , Carter Dee , Courbot Mikaël , Rudd Jason J. , McDonald Bruce A. , Croll Daniel 
Published: November 2015

SummaryZymoseptoria tritici causes Septoria tritici blotch (STB) on wheat. The disease interaction is characterized by clearly defined temporal phases of infection, ultimately resulting in the death of host tissue. Zymoseptoria tritici is a highly polymorphic species with significant intraspecific variation in virulence profiles. We generated a deep transcriptomic sequencing dataset spanning the entire time course of an infection using a previously uncharacterized, highly virulent Z. tritici strain isolated from a Swiss wheat field. We found that seven clusters of gene transcription profiles explained the progression of the infection. The earliest highly up‐regulated genes included chloroperoxidases, which may help the fungus cope with plant defences. The onset of necrotrophy was characterized by a concerted up‐regulation of proteases, plant cell wall‐degrading enzymes and lipases. Functions related to nutrition and growth characterized late necrotrophy and the transition to saprotrophic growth on dead plant tissue. We found that the peak up‐regulation of genes essential for mating coincided with the necrotrophic phase. We performed an intraspecies comparative transcriptomics analysis using a comparable time course infection experiment of the genome reference isolate IPO323. Major components of the fungal infection transcriptome were conserved between the two strains. However, individual small, secreted proteins, proteases and cell wall‐degrading enzymes showed strongly differentiated transcriptional profiles between isolates. Our analyses illustrate that successful STB infections involve complex transcriptomic remodelling to up‐regulate distinct gene functions. Heterogeneity in transcriptomes among isolates may explain some of the considerable variation in virulence and host specialization found within the species.
Pseudozyma aphidis fungaemia with invasive fungal pneumonia in a patient with acute myeloid leukaemia: case report and literature review
Authors: Joo Hyonsoo , Choi Yeon‐Geun , Cho Sung‐Yeon , Choi Jae‐Ki , Lee Dong‐Gun , Kim Hee‐Je , Jo Irene , Park Yeon‐Joon , Lee Kyo‐Young 
Published: November 2015

SummaryPseudozyma species rarely cause invasive diseases in humans, which are usually isolated from plants. There have been anecdotal reports regarding Pseudozyma species infections in patients with underlying diseases or in neonates. However, clinical data and the pathogenicity in humans are still insufficient. We experienced a case of Pseudozyma aphidis fungaemia with invasive fungal pneumonia that developed during reinduction chemotherapy in a 51‐year‐old male with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). P. aphidis was suspected based on the morphology of the yeast isolated from the blood and was confirmed via rDNA gene sequencing analysis. The patient successfully underwent stem cell transplantation with continuing antifungal treatment and finally completely recovered from both the AML and infectious complications. Here, we report a case of P. aphidis infection that developed during neutropenia in an AML patient and review the global literature.