bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Derecho humano a la paz
Authors: Sánchez Ochoa Enrique 
Published: August 2016

El derecho humano a la paz viene siendo una propuesta fundamental desde numerosos sectores de la sociedad civil, juristas, académicos y activistas por la paz y los derechos humanos desde hace varias décadas. Pese a que el derecho a vivir en paz es una idea consustancial al género humano, la pretensión de normativizarlo y que quede plasmado como un derecho humano reconocido por las Naciones Unidas y estados miembro es relativamente reciente y está viviendo en los últimos años una etapa clave. En este artículo se pretende definir el concepto y exponer algunas de sus características, presentar el estado de la cuestión y el proceso de codificación en las Naciones Unidas, y por último desentrañar algunos de los obstáculos a los que se enfrenta. La intención es por encima de todo defender y justificar la conveniencia y necesidad del derecho humano a la paz.
"Puma y zoológico", "Zoológico", y "Panorámica de la ciudad de Utrech, Holanda".
Authors: D´Amalia Bygocha 
Published: August 2016

Presentamos estas “joyitas” de nuestro querido maestro Bygocha D´ Amalia, hechas de los restos de pinturas que van quedando en su paleta. Sus pequeñas hijas le van señalando imágenes, formas que se van representando, fruto de su imaginación y que va uniendo para brindarnos como producto final, estos bellos universos infantiles.Estas obras fueron dedicadas a la joven Thais Amapola Torres Cruz, en la visita que le hiciera al Maestro en Holanda, en abril 2016.Cultura de Paz
Investigation of the Interactive Positive Processes of Couples with Different Characteristics: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Chabokinejad Zahra , Etemadi Ozra , Bahrami Fatemeh , Fatehizadeh Maryam 
Published: August 2016

<p>Interactive processes encompass all those aspects of interpersonal and intrapersonal processes that affect the communication loop of couples. This study aims to test positive interactive processes among couples with different personality traits. In order to collect data, twenty psychotherapists specializing in couples’ therapy and forty eight couples of different personality traits referred to counseling centers of Yazd city were selected (using purposeful sampling). Semi-structured interviews were conducted and the procedure continued up to data saturation. Additionally, books, articles and Internet sites were additionally used for data collection. The research method of qualitative content analysis was conducted. positive test results obtained from the interactive processes between couples with different personality traits can be categorized into the open-ended codes of (levels of give and take, emotional control, Improve cognition, cognitive processing control, Efficient behaviors, planning, accountability, financial management and household) along with the four major codes of “cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and managerial” skills. Differences in personality traits can be traced to all mental, behavioral and functional dimensions of couples and can also influence the total level of communication between the couples. Therefore, taking these differences into account and learning how to manage them can reduce conflicts over such differences.</p>
Validating Laboratory Results in Electronic Health Records: A College of American Pathologists Q-Probes Study
Authors: Perrotta Peter L. , Karcher Donald S. 
Published: August 2016

Context.—Laboratories must ensure that the test results and pathology reports they transmit to a patient's electronic health record (EHR) are accurate, complete, and presented in a useable format.
Objective.—To determine the accuracy, completeness, and formatting of laboratory test results and pathology reports transmitted from the laboratory to the EHR.
Design.—Participants from 45 institutions retrospectively reviewed results from 16 different laboratory tests, including clinical and anatomic pathology results, within the EHR used by their providers to view laboratory results. Results were evaluated for accuracy, presence of required elements, and usability. Both normal and abnormal results were reviewed for tests, some of which were performed in-house and others at a reference laboratory.
Results.—Overall accuracy for test results transmitted to the EHR was greater than 99.3% (1052 of 1059). There was lower compliance for completeness of test results, with 69.6% (732 of 1051) of the test results containing all essential reporting elements. Institutions that had fewer than half of their orders entered electronically had lower test result completeness rates. The rate of appropriate formatting of results was 90.9% (98 of 1010).
Conclusions.—The great majority of test results are accurately transmitted from the laboratory to the EHR; however, lower percentages are transmitted completely and in a useable format. Laboratories should verify the accuracy, completeness, and format of test results at the time of test implementation, after test changes, and periodically.
How to Screen for Hereditary Cancers in General Pathology Practice
Authors: Sheffield Brandon S. , Hirsch-Reinshagen Veronica , Schrader Kasmintan A. 
Published: August 2016

Context.—As a pathologist, an awareness of the particular diagnoses that can serve as “sentinels” for an underlying genetic syndrome can be incredibly beneficial to patients and their families. This is a complex and ever-changing field of medicine, where remaining up to date with diagnostic and treatment options is challenging. Simply raising the possibility of an underlying syndrome may not, in itself, be diagnostic; however, this may present an opportunity for genetic assessment, and possibly early intervention or primary prevention of disease in the kindred. In the last decade, immunohistochemistry has emerged as a useful tool in hereditary cancer screening. This is best exemplified by the use of mismatch repair immunohistochemistry as a screening tool in colorectal and endometrioid carcinomas. Reflex testing of all tumors for deficiencies in these proteins is now resulting in superior identification and treatment of Lynch-associated cancers, and families harboring these syndromes. Despite the success and potential value of immunohistochemistry as a genetic screening tool, hematoxylin-eosin morphology remains a valuable tool for hereditary cancer screening and is the focus of this article.
Objective.—To highlight the utility of hematoxylin-eosin morphology as a valuable tool for hereditary cancer screening.
Data Sources.—Primary literature review with PubMed.
Conclusions.—Recognition of tumors associated with cancer predisposition may identify individuals and families at high risk for cancer and may also have peridiagnostic utility with regard to implications for targeted therapy.
Genetic Modification of Human Peripheral Blood Aspirates Using Recombinant Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors for Articular Cartilage Repair with a Focus on Chondrogenic Transforming Growth Factor-β Gene Delivery
Authors: Frisch Janina , Orth Patrick , Venkatesan Jagadeesh Kumar , Rey-Rico Ana , Schmitt Gertrud , Kohn Dieter , Madry Henning , Cucchiarini Magali 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Transplantation of genetically modified peripheral blood aspirates that carry chondrogenically competent progenitor cells may offer new, convenient tools to treat articular cartilage lesions compared with the more complex and invasive application of bone marrow concentrates or of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Here, we show that recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors are powerful gene vehicles capable of successfully targeting primary human peripheral blood aspirates in a stable and safe manner, allowing for an efficient and long-term transgene expression in such samples (up to 63 days with use of a lacZ reporter gene and for at least 21 days with application of the pleiotropic, chondrogenic factor transforming growth factor-β [TGF-β]). rAAV-mediated overexpression of TGF-β enhanced both the proliferative and metabolic properties of the peripheral blood aspirates, also increasing the chondrogenic differentiation processes in these samples. Hypertrophy and osteogenic differentiation events were also activated by production of TGF-β via rAAV, suggesting that translation of the current approach in vivo will probably require close regulation of expression of this candidate gene. However, these results support the concept of directly modifying peripheral blood as a novel approach to conveniently treat articular cartilage lesions in patients.
Biological oxygen sensing via two-photon absorption by an Ir(III) complex using a femtosecond fiber laser
Authors: Moritomo Hiroki , Fujii Akinari , Suzuki Yasutaka , Yoshihara Toshitada , Tobita Seiji , Kawamata Jun 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Near-infrared two-photon absorption of the phosphorescent Ir(III) complex (2,4-pentanedionato-κO
2,κO
4)bis[2-(6-phenanthridinyl-κN)benzo[b]thien-3-yl-κC]iridium (BTPHSA) was characterized. It exhibited a 800–1200 nm two-photon absorption band, and thus could be electronically excited by 1030-nm femtosecond Ti:sapphire and Yb-doped fiber lasers. By using BTPHSA, oxygen concentrations in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells were imaged. These results demonstrate two-photon oxygen sensing of live tissues via easily operable excitation sources.
Sub-10 ns single-shot dynamic recording in holographic polymeric medium by nonlinear absorption using excited state absorption process
Authors: Kamada Kenji , Satoh Kazuyuki , Tanaka Yoshito 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Optical recording by a single shot of an 8 ns laser pulse in a dye-doped holographic polymeric medium was demonstrated with a peak power as low as 71 W at a wavelength of 402 nm. Nonlinear absorption triggered by two-photon absorption and enhanced by the succeeding process allows high-speed recording corresponding to 125 Mbps (3.4 times the recording speed of a Blu-ray Disc). The preformed holographic grating in the medium enhanced the readout signal through diffraction, resulting in a signal-to-noise ratio of about 15 dB. The recording capacity was estimated at ca. 80 GB/side for 100 µm/side by recording 20 layers, but that of over TB/side class would be possible for optical optimization. Theoretically, it can be improved to 10 TB/side for 800 µm/side by recording 400 layers.
Local structure analysis of NaNbO3 and AgNbO3 modified by Li substitution
Authors: Yoneda Yasuhiro , Aoyagi Rintaro , Fu Desheng 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
We analyzed the local structures of NaNbO3 and AgNbO3 by combining the X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and atomic pair-distribution function (PDF) techniques. NaNbO3 is known to be an antiferroelectric material at room temperature. It also undergoes a diffuse phase transition, in which orthorhombic and rhombohedral phases coexist over a wide temperature range. We found a disordered feature in the nearest-neighbor bond distance corresponding to the Nb–O bonds. The disordered bond distribution disappeared when Li was substituted for Na. A similar disorder feature was found in AgNbO3. The disordered site can be specified by combining XAFS and PDF techniques. The sequences of disordered and complex phase transitions are attributable to the competition between the tolerance of the AO12 cage and the tilt of NbO6 octahedra.
Sonography Is Superior to Serum‐Based Biomarkers for Measuring Disease Status in Experimental Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Chen Shuqiang , Zheng Qing , Liu Hui , Zeng Jinshu , Ye Zhen , Su Yiming , Lv Guorong 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesProgress in developing novel rational treatments for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) critically depends on preclinical work in experimental animals. However, there is lack of insight into the most appropriate mode of noninvasive measurement of disease status in experimental RA. This study compared sonography with serum biomarkers in a rabbit model of RA.MethodsSix‐month‐old male New Zealand White rabbits were randomized into 2 groups: antigen‐induced arthritis group (n = 25), which was subjected to ovalbumin immunization and intra‐articular injection; and control group (n = 5). Pathologic changes in the knee joints were evaluated by sonography, and serum C‐reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor TNF‐α, and interleukin 1 were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Synovial pathologic scores were obtained by ultrasound‐guided biopsy.ResultsA total of 23 rabbits (2 rabbits died before the end of the study) in the antigen‐induced arthritis group and 5 rabbits in the control group completed the study. Sonographic scores for all rabbits were graded from 0 to 3, according to grayscale sonography, synovitis, and blood flow. Synovial lesions were evident on sonography before week 4; however, serum biomarkers slowly increased until weeks 5 and 6 (P < .05). Although both sonography and serum biomarkers correlated significantly with synovitis scoring, the correlations for the sonographically derived parameters were better. The correlation indices between pathologic scores and synovial membranes thickness, blood flow, and resistive index were 0.798, 0.557, and −0.320, respectively, whereas the correlation indices between pathologic scores and tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1, and C‐reactive protein levels were 0.451, 0.503, and 0.529.ConclusionsSonographic findings had better correlations with histologic scoring than serologic biomarkers of disease activity in the RA rabbit model, especially at early stages. Local pathologic assessment of disease status by sonography is possible.
Evaluation of Parathyroid Lesions With Point Shear Wave Elastography
Authors: Hattapoğlu Salih , Göya Cemil , Hamidi Cihad , Taşdemir Bekir , Alan Bircan , Durmaz Mehmet Sedat , Teke Memik , Ekici Faysal 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesThe aim of our study was to evaluate the shear wave velocity (SWV) of parathyroid lesions by point shear wave elastography (SWE) and to compare their stiffness with that of thyroid nodules and normal thyroid parenchyma quantitatively.MethodsThirty‐six patients considered to have parathyroid disorders by clinical and laboratory tests and scintigraphy were enrolled in the study between January 2012 and February 2015. Conventional sonography, Doppler sonography, and the Virtual Touch tissue quantification (VTQ) method of point SWE (Siemens Medical Solutions, Mountain View, CA) were conducted with a linear transducer (4–9 MHz) while the patients were in the supine position. Then we compared our VTQ measurements with pathologic results.ResultsThe 36 patients included 31 female and 5 male patients with a mean age ± SD of 49 ± 15.7 years (range, 15–79 years). The mean SWV of parathyroid hyperplasia lesions (n = 4) was 1.46 ± 0.23 m/s, whereas the mean SWV of parathyroid adenomas (n = 32) was 2.28 ± 0.50 m/s. The mean SWV of normal thyroid parenchyma (n = 36) was 1.62 ± 0.20 m/s, and the mean SWV of benign thyroid nodules (n = 21) was 2.25 ± 0.51 m/s. A significant difference was found between SWV values of normal thyroid parenchyma and parathyroid adenoma (P < .001). A cutoff value of 1.73 m/s for adenomas led to 90.0% sensitivity and 80.6% specificity.ConclusionsThe VTQ method of point SWE may contribute to the discrimination of parathyroid adenomas from the thyroid gland. However, more comprehensive studies are needed.
The “Puck” energetic charged particle detector: Design, heritage, and advancements
Authors: Clark G. , Cohen I. , Westlake J. H. , Andrews G. B. , Brandt P. , Gold R. E. , Gkioulidou M. A. , Hacala R. , Haggerty D. , Hill M. E. , Ho G. C. , Jaskulek S. E. , Kollmann P. , Mauk B. H. , McNutt R. L. , Mitchell D. G. , Nelson K. S. , Paranicas C. , Paschalidis N. , Schlemm C. E. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractEnergetic charged particle detectors characterize a portion of the plasma distribution function that plays critical roles in some physical processes, from carrying the currents in planetary ring currents to weathering the surfaces of planetary objects. For several low‐resource missions in the past, the need was recognized for a low‐resource but highly capable, mass‐species‐discriminating energetic particle sensor that could also obtain angular distributions without motors or mechanical articulation. This need led to the development of a compact Energetic Particle Detector (EPD), known as the “Puck” EPD (short for hockey puck), that is capable of determining the flux, angular distribution, and composition of incident ions between an energy range of ~10 keV to several MeV. This sensor makes simultaneous angular measurements of electron fluxes from the tens of keV to about 1 MeV. The same measurements can be extended down to approximately 1 keV/nucleon, with some composition ambiguity. These sensors have a proven flight heritage record that includes missions such as MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging and New Horizons, with multiple sensors on each of Juno, Van Allen Probes, and Magnetospheric Multiscale. In this review paper we discuss the Puck EPD design, its heritage, unexpected results from these past missions and future advancements. We also discuss high‐voltage anomalies that are thought to be associated with the use of curved foils, which is a new foil manufacturing processes utilized on recent Puck EPD designs. Finally, we discuss the important role Puck EPDs can potentially play in upcoming missions.
Synthesis and Optical Properties of meso‐CF3‐BODIPY with Acylethynyl Substituents in the 3‐Position of the Indacene Core
Authors: Tomilin Denis N. , Petrushenko Konstantin B. , Sobenina Lyubov N. , Gotsko Maxim D. , Ushakov Igor A. , Skitnevskaya Anna D. , Trofimov Alexander B. , A.Trofimov Boris 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA strategy for the synthesis of asymmetric meso‐CF3 substituted BODIPY (boron‐dipyrromethene) dyes bearing acylethynyl substituents at the 3‐position has been developed. The key step is the solid‐phase mechanoactivated ethynylation of meso‐CF3‐dipyrromethanes by acylbromoacetylenes in Al2O3 or K2CO3 media. Additional possibilities for building up new aromatic heterocycles on the dipyrromethane systems has been demonstrated through the example of the pyrazole cycle “click‐assembly” over the benzoyl ethynyl moiety. The synthesized dyes fluoresce in a long wavelength region (628–663 nm) with high quantum yield (0.79–0.93).
Imaging of Oxygen Diffusion in Individual Platinum/Ce2Zr2Ox Catalyst Particles During Oxygen Storage and Release
Authors: Matsui Hirosuke , Ishiguro Nozomu , Enomoto Kaori , Sekizawa Oki , Uruga Tomoya , Tada Mizuki 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe spatial distribution of Ce3+ and Ce4+ in each particle of Ce2Zr2Ox in a three‐way conversion catalyst system was successfully imaged during an oxygen storage/release cycle by scanning X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) using hard X‐ray nanobeams. For the first time, nano‐XAFS imaging visualized and identified the modes of non‐uniform oxygen diffusion from the interface of Pt catalyst and Ce2Zr2Ox support and the active parts in individual catalyst particles.
An Organic Dyad Composed of Diathiafulvalene‐Functionalized Diketopyrrolopyrrole–Fullerene for Single‐Component High‐Efficiency Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Narayanaswamy K. , Venkateswararao A. , Nagarjuna P. , Bishnoi Swati , Gupta Vinay , Chand Suresh , Singh Surya Prakash 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA new low‐band gap dyad DPP‐Ful, which consists of covalently linked dithiafulvalene‐functionalized diketopyrrolopyrrole as donor and fullerene (C60) as the acceptor, has been designed and synthesized. Organic solar cells were successfully constructed using the DPP‐Ful dyad as an active layer. This system has a record power‐conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.2 %, which is the highest value when compared to reported single‐component organic solar cells.
From Alkanes to Carboxylic Acids: Terminal Oxygenation by a Fungal Peroxygenase
Authors: Olmedo Andrés , Aranda Carmen , del Río José C. , Kiebist Jan , Scheibner Katrin , Martínez Angel T. , Gutiérrez Ana 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA new heme–thiolate peroxidase catalyzes the hydroxylation of n‐alkanes at the terminal position—a challenging reaction in organic chemistry—with H2O2 as the only cosubstrate. Besides the primary product, 1‐dodecanol, the conversion of dodecane yielded dodecanoic, 12‐hydroxydodecanoic, and 1,12‐dodecanedioic acids, as identified by GC–MS. Dodecanal could be detected only in trace amounts, and 1,12‐dodecanediol was not observed, thus suggesting that dodecanoic acid is the branch point between mono‐ and diterminal hydroxylation. Simultaneously, oxygenation was observed at other hydrocarbon chain positions (preferentially C2 and C11). Similar results were observed in reactions of tetradecane. The pattern of products formed, together with data on the incorporation of 18O from the cosubstrate H218O2, demonstrate that the enzyme acts as a peroxygenase that is able to catalyze a cascade of mono‐ and diterminal oxidation reactions of long‐chain n‐alkanes to give carboxylic acids.
Hydrostatic Pressure Increases the Catalytic Activity of Amyloid Fibril Enzymes
Authors: Luong Trung Quan , Erwin Nelli , Neumann Matthias , Schmidt Andreas , Loos Cornelia , Schmidt Volker , Fändrich Marcus , Winter Roland 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe studied the combined effects of pressure (0.1–200 MPa) and temperature (22, 30, and 38 °C) on the catalytic activity of designed amyloid fibrils using a high‐pressure stopped‐flow system with rapid UV/Vis absorption detection. Complementary FT‐IR spectroscopic data revealed a remarkably high pressure and temperature stability of the fibrillar systems. High pressure enhances the esterase activity as a consequence of a negative activation volume at all temperatures (about −14 cm3 mol−1). The enhancement is sustained in the whole temperature range covered, which allows a further acceleration of the enzymatic activity at high temperatures (activation energy 45–60 kJ mol−1). Our data reveal the great potential of using both pressure and temperature modulation to optimize the enzyme efficiency of catalytic amyloid fibrils.
Expanding Radical SAM Chemistry by Using Radical Addition Reactions and SAM Analogues
Authors: Ji Xinjian , Li Yongzhen , Xie Liqi , Lu Haojie , Ding Wei , Zhang Qi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractRadical S‐adenosyl‐l‐methionine (SAM) enzymes utilize a [4Fe‐4S] cluster to bind SAM and reductively cleave its carbon–sulfur bond to produce a highly reactive 5′‐deoxyadenosyl (dAdo) radical. In almost all cases, the dAdo radical abstracts a hydrogen atom from the substrates or from enzymes, thereby initiating a highly diverse array of reactions. Herein, we report a change of the dAdo radical‐based chemistry from hydrogen abstraction to radical addition in the reaction of the radical SAM enzyme NosL. This change was achieved by using a substrate analogue containing an olefin moiety. We also showed that two SAM analogues containing different nucleoside functionalities initiate the radical‐based reactions with high efficiencies. The radical adduct with the olefin produced in the reaction was found to undergo two divergent reactions, and the mechanistic insights into this process were investigated in detail. Our study demonstrates a promising strategy in expanding radical SAM chemistry, providing an effective way to access nucleoside‐containing compounds by using radical SAM‐dependent reactions.