bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Injection Timing on Performance and Emission of a Diesel Engine using Fuelled by Hydrogen Gas
Authors: Ram Narayan Bhagat  , Kunja Bihari Sahu  , Surendra Kumar Ghadai  , Chandra Bhushan Kumar  , Ashis Kumar Saha  
Published: October 2024

The injection timing of pilot fuel in diesel engine working on dual fuel mode with gaseous fuel is a very important parameter at the start of ignition which affects performance and emissions of the engine. In this regard, the experiments were conducted on single cylinder 4-stroke, direct ignition diesel engine with a power of 3.50 kW at a constant speed of 1500 RPM. Kirloskar model TV1 with diesel as pilot fuel and hydrogen as gaseous fuel was employed. Experiments were conducted with the aim to determine the effect of advancing (21o bTDC) and retarding (17o bTDC) diesel fuel injection timing on the engine performance and emissions at various load conditions with the standard injection timing of 19o bTDC. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and exhaust emissions like NO­x, carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO­2) and hydrocarbon (HC) were analyzed with hydrogen (H2) as gaseous fuel. The results showed that dual mode (diesel and H2 gas) retards injection timing (17o bTDC) and gives a net increase in BTE efficiency at all load conditions with lower (20%) hydrogen substitution. At higher H2 substitution (40%), BTE is better for dual standard (19o bTDC) injection timing at all load conditions. Further NOx (ppm), HC (ppm), CO (%) and CO2 (%) emissions are significantly reduced with dual retard (17o bTDC) injection timing of the pilot fuel.
Racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 hospital cost of care
Authors: Johnson Tricia J. , Longcoy Joshua , Suzuki Sumihiro , Isgor Zeynep , Lynch Elizabeth B. 
Published: October 2024

Introduction
Although studies have evaluated the hospital cost of care associated with treating patients with COVID-19, there are no studies that compare the hospital cost of care among racial and ethnic groups based on detailed cost accounting data. The aims of this study were to provide a detailed description of the hospital costs of COVID-19 based on individual resources during the hospital stay and standardized costs that do not rely on inflation adjustment and evaluate the extent to which hospital total cost of care for patients with COVID-19 differs by race and ethnicity.

Methods
This study used electronic medical record data from an urban academic medical center in Chicago, Illinois USA. Hospital cost of care was calculated using accounting data representing the cost of the resources used to the hospital (i.e., cost to the hospital, not payments). A multivariable generalized linear model with a log link function and inverse gaussian distribution family was used to calculate the average marginal effect (AME) for Black, White, and Hispanic patients. A second regression model further compared Hispanic patients by preferred language (English versus Spanish).

Results
In our sample of 1,853 patients, the average adjusted cost of care was significantly lower for Black compared to White patients (AME = -$5,606; 95% confidence interval (CI), -$10,711 to -$501), and Hispanic patients had higher cost of care compared to White patients (AME = $8,539, 95% CI, $3,963 to $13,115). In addition, Hispanic patients who preferred Spanish had significantly higher cost than Hispanic patients who preferred English (AME = $11,866; 95% CI $5,302 to $18,431).

Conclusion
Total cost of care takes into account both the intensity of the treatment as well as the duration of the hospital stay. Thus, policy makers and health systems can use cost of care as a proxy for severity, especially when looking at the disparities among different race and ethnicity groups.
Effect of neutering timing in relation to puberty on health in the female dog–a scoping review
Authors: Moxon Rachel , England Gary C. W. , Payne Richard , Corr Sandra A. , Freeman Sarah L. 
Published: October 2024

Background
Effects of neutering on bitch health have been reported, and are suggested to relate to bitch age at the time of neutering for some diseases. However, variation between published studies in terms of study populations and methodologies makes comparison and consolidation of the evidence difficult.

Objective
A scoping review was designed to systematically search the available literature to identify and chart the evidence on the effect of neutering timing in relation to puberty on five health outcomes: atopy, developmental orthopaedic disease (DOD), neoplasia, obesity and urogenital disease.

Design
A protocol was registered, and literature searches were conducted in CAB Abstracts, Medline and Web of Science. Studies were reviewed against inclusion criteria. Data on study and population characteristics and health outcomes were charted for the final included studies.

Results
A total of 1,145 publications were reviewed across all five searches; 33 were retained for inclusion and charting. Only six of the 33 studies categorised the timing of surgical neutering as prepubertal or post-pubertal; one investigating mammary neoplasia and the other five, urogenital disease, commonly urinary incontinence. No studies were identified that examined the impacts of neutering bitches before or after puberty on atopy, DOD or obesity. One study considered bitches that were pre or post-pubertal at the time of the first treatment with deslorelin acetate for oestrus suppression and 26 examined the effects on health related to age, rather than pubertal status, at neutering.

Conclusion
This scoping review suggests that robust evidence to support veterinarians, those working with dogs and dog owners when discussing the timing of neutering relative to puberty does not yet exist. The impact of neutering before or after puberty on atopy, DOD, neoplasia, obesity and urogenital disease in female domesticated dogs remains unclear.
Microvillous Inclusion Disease: An Exceedingly Rare Condition With a New Treatment
Authors: Fiedler Alexandra , Brittan Kevin , Manatsathit Wuttiporn 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Syndromes characterized by congenital diarrhea, hearing loss, and intrahepatic cholestasis are uncommon and often misdiagnosed as progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC). Recent genetic studies have widened the array of genes linked with cholestatic disorders. Among these, UNC45A has recently been implicated in microvillous inclusion disease (MVID), although only a few cases exist. This case highlights a 20-year-old woman initially diagnosed clinically with PFIC type 1 during childhood. After ileal bypass at age 4 years, she had a resolution of intractable pruritus and cholestasis. Despite remaining symptom-free for over a decade, she returned in adulthood with recurrent cholestatic pruritus. Odevixibat was initiated for presumed PFIC while awaiting additional testing with symptomatic improvement and laboratory normalization. Whole genome sequencing identified novel compound heterozygous mutations in UNC45A and small bowel biopsies confirmed villous atrophy. Odevixibat, currently approved for cholestatic pruritus in PFIC and Alagille syndrome, demonstrates efficacy in managing cholestatic pruritus in MVID.
U.S. students learning Czech in study abroad: motivational dynamics
Authors: Převrátilová Silvie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
While study-abroad students generally prefer destinations where the local language relates to their personal, academic, or professional pursuits, the Czech Republic ranks as the 25th most popular destination for U.S. study abroad, signalling an interest in exploring beyond traditional language choices. This study addresses the gap in the literature on learning a less commonly taught language in the study abroad setting, which is unrelated to the student’s major fields of study (Czech). Over thirteen weeks, data were gathered through a qualitative methodology involving initial questionnaires, learner diaries, and semi-structured interviews with a sample of five students. Drawing on the L2 Motivational Self System (L2MSS), the research underscores the impact of the L2 learning experience and the construct of the ideal L2 self on motivation. Findings revealed a general increase in motivation for learning Czech throughout the semester, accompanied by a decline in the ideal Czech self by the end and an indicative enhancement in the ideal multilingual self-concept. This study additionally emphasizes the vital role of mandatory language courses in augmenting motivation, particularly when aligned with learners’ objectives. These insights broaden the understanding of motivational dynamics in acquiring languages other than English (LOTEs), highlighting the necessity for continued exploration of the multilingual motivational self-system within study-abroad contexts.
K-stability of Casagrande–Druel varieties
Authors: Cheltsov Ivan , Duarte Guerreiro Tiago , Fujita Kento , Krylov Igor , Martinez-Garcia Jesus 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We introduce a new subclass of Fano varieties (Casagrande–Druel varieties) that are 𝑛-dimensional varieties constructed from Fano double covers of dimension

n
−
1

n-1

.
We conjecture that a Casagrande–Druel variety is K-polystable if the double cover and its base space are K-polystable.
We prove this for smoothable Casagrande–Druel threefolds, and for Casagrande–Druel varieties constructed from double covers of

P

n
−
1

\mathbb{P}^{n-1}

ramified over smooth hypersurfaces of degree

2
⁢
d

2d

with

n
>
d
>

n
2

>
1

n>d>\frac{n}{2}>1

.
As an application, we describe the connected components of the K-moduli space parametrizing smoothable K-polystable Fano threefolds in the families № 3.9 and № 4.2 in the Mori–Mukai classification.
Between Magic and Amusement: A Collingwoodian Perspective on Political Art
Authors: Guerreiro Vítor 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this article I enquire into the notion of ‘political art’, by drawing on ideas from R. G. Collingwood’s often neglected Principles of Art. I show that his characterisation of ‘expression’ reveals what I call the ‘Narrow Aretaic Structure’ (NAS), distinguishable from a ‘Wide Aretaic Structure’ (WAS). Whatever satisfies NAS satisfies WAS, but not vice-versa. Though we have reasons to call ‘art’ anything satisfying WAS, Collingwoodian ‘art proper’ must also satisfy NAS. I then suggest that the distinction between WAS and NAS is more interesting than the distinction between art and non-art and even as a criterion for ‘aesthetic’ (though this is not my main issue). The main issue is articulating a view of when the ‘politicalness’ of ‘political art’ is relevant in light of its being art, or, in Collingwoodian terms, ‘expression’ (under the NAS model). Collingwood allows us to give an alternative answer to these questions; one that does not appeal to ‘messages’ in art and their hypothesised effects on the audience. In other words, an answer that avoids the consequentialist ‘template’, which is restricted to the WAS model. As case studies, I use some of Aleksander Deineka’s ‘Socialist-Realist’ mosaics, as well as other examples of political artworks, and the recording of a work song.
Maternal factors for neural tube defects in offspring: An umbrella review
Authors: Arabzadeh Hoda , Jenabi Ensiyeh , Masoumi Seyedeh Zahra 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
We conducted an umbrella review focusing on maternal risk factors during pregnancy associated with neural tube defects (NTDs).

Methods
Our search was in databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. We specifically targeted meta-analyses examining maternal factors during pregnancy in relation to NTDs. The comparison involved assessing metrics such as odds ratio (OR) or related risk ratios reported in the included studies, as well as parameters like heterogeneity (I²), 95% prediction interval, small-study effects, excess significance biases, and sensitivity analysis.

Results
Three risk factors for fetal NTDs, namely hyperthermia with an OR of 1.92, obesity with an OR of 1.68, and passive smoking with an OR of 1.90, were classified as highly suggestive evidence (Class II). Influenza, with an OR of 3.33, was considered a risk factor with suggestive evidence (Class III). Multivitamin supplementation during pregnancy, with an OR of 0.76, and low maternal vitamin B12, with an OR of 2.41, were categorized as weak evidence (Class IV).

Conclusion
We identified four risk factors including hyperthermia, influenza, obesity, and passive smoking as suggestive or highly suggestive evidence for NTDs. Low maternal vitamin B12 was identified as a risk factor for NTDs, supported by weak evidence.
Time toxicity of lutetium 177 in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours
Authors: Bortz Marcos Daniel , Rodriguez Andres , Romina Luca Maria , Waisberg Federico , Enrico Diego , Freile Berenice , Catani Greta , Esteso Federico , Musumeci Martina , Vazquez Eliana , Chacón Matías , O’Connor Juan Manuel , Racioppi Silvina 
Published: October 2024

Objectives
We aim to investigate the time toxicity of patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours treated with Lutetium-177 Dotatate in a single institution.

Design
This is a retrospective cohort study.

Methods
All patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours treated with Lutetium-177 Dotatate at the Alexander Fleming Institute were included. Our primary endpoint was to evaluate time toxicity, which accounted for every day that the patient had contact with any department of any healthcare institution.

Results
Our cohort included 21 patients with metastatic disease, female sex 86%, and a median age of 55 (IQR 44–63). The primary tumour site was the small intestine in 47.6% of the cases. The median number of previous systemic treatments for advanced disease was two (IQR 2–3). The overall response rate was 19%, and 66.6% had clinical benefit. The median calculated ‘time toxicity’ was 11 days (IQR 8–18), representing 5.7% of the total treatment duration. The main contributors to time toxicity included infusion days, blood draws, radiological scans, and hospitalisations (median of 4 days for each).

Conclusion
Lutetium-177 Dotatate treatment for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours was associated with low time toxicity, excellent tolerability, a good response and prolonged PFS, of which the median was not reached in the short follow-up we present. Newer treatments with different mechanisms of action provide longer survival and widen the landscape of choices. Understanding new clinical endpoints is important for the transition into a more modern clinical practice, strengthening personalised and patient-oriented strategies.
Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis - a retrospective study from Southern India
Authors: Paul Jinson , Joseph Aneez , Jebasingh Felix , More Atul Ramachandra , Hephzibah Julie , Cherian Kripa Elizabeth , Kapoor Nitin , Asha Hesarghatta Shyamsunder , Thomas Nihal 
Published: October 2024

Objective
Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis is a rare manifestation of thyrotoxicosis. Here, we describe the clinical and biochemical features and treatment outcomes of this disorder.

Methods
This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care centre in southern India. The clinical and biochemical features, treatment received, and therapeutic outcomes of all patients with thyrotoxicosis and acute flaccid paralysis without any other identifiable causes (cases for the study) were compared with an equal number of consecutively selected patients who presented with thyrotoxicosis but without features of paralysis (controls for the study) during the same period.

Results
In total, 41 cases and controls were included in this study. The proportion of males was 92.6% and 43.9% in the cases and controls, respectively. The mean age was 32.8 (±7.6) years (cases) and 39.7 (±11.3) years (controls). In the cases, 20% of patients presented without clinical thyrotoxic features. Graves’ disease was the most common aetiology of thyrotoxicosis in both groups (92.6% of cases and 87.8% of controls). The prevalence of goitre was significantly higher among controls (90.2%) than among cases (53.7%). The mean serum potassium, free T4, total T4 and total T3 levels were significantly lower in the cases than in the controls. In these cases, two patients had an additional aetiology for persistent hypokalaemia, likely Gitelman’s syndrome.

Conclusion
This is one of the largest series of thyrotoxic periodic paralysis cases in India. In subjects with thyrotoxicosis, serum potassium, free T4, total T4 and total T3 levels were significantly lower in those with periodic paralysis than in those without.
German-Danish or Danish-German? – A study of nationality adjectives in hyphenated compounds
Authors: Simonsen Irene 
Published: October 2024

This study is an explicitly comparative linguistic analysis of attributive collocations with nationality adjectives in hyphenated compounds with dansk ‘Danish’ and deutsch ‘German’ as first or second element. In cultural studies of identity, migration, and minorities, as well as in Danish and German media debates, hyphenated compounds continuously raise questions: Could meaning be attributed to the hyphen? Is the first element separated from, connected with, or subordinated to the second element by the hyphen – or vice versa? The present study seeks to explore whether the order of national adjectives in hyphenated compounds carry meaning. The base word nouns are examined to see whether there are semantic differences between nouns modified by nationality adjectives with interchangeable order or fixed order. The study’s premise is that linguistic fixity and conventionality reflect fixed “Denkmuster” (‘patterns of thought’, Stein & Stumpf 2019, 193), also in collocations. The two Sketch Engine corpora, daTenTen20 and deTenTen18, serve as the empirical basis for the comparison. The study shows that quantitatively there is a clear preference for deutsch- or dansk- as the first element, but no general semantic differences can be observed between base words following compounds with adjectives in interchangeable order and those following compounds with adjectives in fixed order.
الشِّاهد الشِّعري في كتابِ شذا العَرفِ في فنِّ الصَّرفِ لِلحَملاوي صُورُهُ وسياقاتُهُ
Authors: Omer Abo Haneefa Omer Alshareef Ali 
Published: October 2024

This research investigates the poetic witness in the book Shaza Al-Orf in the Art of Morphology, which is a topic that needs to be studied and collected to know (Al-Hamalawy) employment of poetic evidence and prove the morphological issues with them. know Sheikh (Al-Hamalawy) is considered one of the prominent scholars of linguistics in the modern era and his authentic reference under investigation got widespread fame for language learners. In it, its author followed the approach of the ancients, so the poetic evidence came in it, either to indicate the regularity of a morphological rule or its abnormality from the ordinary, or to clarify the structure of a word, or to prove a morphological rule, just as in most of his poetic evidence - which amounted to eighty-seven witnesses - he was satisfied with mentioning (and saying), Or (and the saying of the poet) without attributing it to its owners, as the case of ancient authors. In the contexts of the poetic witness and the forms of his appearance in the book, he varied, and the images presented by his author differed, as he is either in one verse of al-Qaeda the subject of martyrdom, or in two verses, or in a half of a verse that has a completeness that is not mentioned, or a bifurcated witness that varied between one to three.
Az adaptív vezetés jellemzői a vezetési stílus és a szervezeti kultúra összefüggésében
Authors: Juhász Márta , Krén Heléna 
Published: October 2024

Ebben a kutatásban az adaptív vezetés fogalmát mutatjuk be a Quinn-féle szervezeti kultúra és a vezetési stílus összefüggésében. Azt vizsgáljuk, hogy a különböző kultúrákban hogyan keveredik a tranzakcionális és transzformatív vezetési stílus a beosztott munkatársak észlelésében. Háttér, célkitűzések: Célunk annak vizsgálata, hogy a Quinn-féle versengő értékek szervezetikultúra-modelljének különböző kvadránsaiban, milyen jellemző vezetői viselkedésformákat lehet beazonosítani a beosztott munkatársak észlelése alapján, a tranzakcionális és a transzformatív vezetés kontinuuma mentén. Módszer: A kutatásban részt vevő, beosztotti pozícióban dolgozó munkavállalókat (N = 187) arra kértük, hogy online töltsék ki az általunk összeállított kérdőívcsomagot, amely a következő kérdőíveket tartalmazta: A Szervezeti Kultúra Mérőeszközzel felmértük azt, hogy a vizsgálati személyek saját munkahelyüket milyen kultúrajegyekkel azonosítják. Majd ezt követően kitöltötték a Többfaktoros Vezetési Kérdőívet (MLQ-5X), amely alapján az észlelt vezetői stílus besorolható a tranzakcionális-transzformatív vezetés kontinuuma mentén. Eredmények: Az eredményeink azt jelzik, hogy a külső fókusszal rendelkező Piac és Adhokrácia szervezeti kultúrákban elsősorban a tranzakcionális vezetési stílus jellemző, de a transzformatív jegyek is megjelennek, míg a belső fókusszal rendelkező Hierarchia és Klán szervezeti kultúrára inkább a transzformatív vezetési stílus jellemző. Emellett az Adhokrácia és a Klán kultúrákban, amelyekre a rugalmasság jellemző, erősen keveredik a tranzakcionális és a transzformatív vezetési stílus. Következtetések: A vizsgált vezetői viselkedésformák mindegyike szerepet játszik az egyensúly fenntartásában, esetleg kisebb hangsúlyeltolódások vannak a különböző kultúrákban, de alapvetően a vezetői stílusokban nincsen „vegytiszta”, domináns stílus az egyes kultúrakvadránsokban.
A generatív vezetés és helye a vezetéselméletek között
Authors: Ilea Izabella , Szerdahelyi Kristóf , Vincze Orsolya 
Published: October 2024

Háttér és célkitűzések: A 21. század okozta kihívások és a kiszámíthatatlanul, folyamatosan változó környezet óriási kihívás elé állítja a szervezeteket és a vezetőket. Mindezek olyan bizonytalan környezetet teremtenek, amelyben az alkalmazkodás, a tágabb perspektíva és a tudatos jövőorientáció egyre kívánatosabb cél. Erre az igényre válaszul emelkedett ki a generatív vezetés felfogása, amely egy olyan keret, amely realisztikus, innovatív és hatékony megközelítést kínál a ma vezetőinek. Tanulmányunkban a generatív vezetés koncepcióját járjuk körbe, annak hasonlóságait és különbségeit a kortárs vezetéselméletekhez képest, annak érdekében, hogy megkíséreljünk választ találni arra a kérdésre, hogy vajon a generatív vezetés tekinthető e különálló vezetési stílusnak. Eredmények és következtetések: A tárgyalt vezetéselméleti megközelítések közül az etikus vezetés a generatív vezetés alapjának tekinthető. Míg a tranzakcionális vezetés a legélesebben elválasztható megközelítés, addig a szolgáló, az autentikus és a transzformatív vezetés nagy átfedéseket mutat a generatív vezetéssel. Azonban a generatív vezetés egyedülálló jellegzetessége, hogy alapvetően normatív természetű, mély értékekben gyökerezik, és egy identitásmunka eredménye, amelyet szocializációs hatások következtében és az élettörténet narratív konstrukciója által érhet el az egyén. A generativitás egy olyan kulcsfontosságú vezetői jellegzetesség, amelyet az idősebb vezetőknek el kell érniük, hogy hatékonyak maradjanak, és fiatalabb vezetőket is versenyelőnyhöz juttathat.