bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stand damage due to mono-cable winch and bulldozer yarding in a selectively logged tropical forest
Authors: RUSLIM YOSEP , SIHOMBING RUSPITA , LIAH YASON 
Published: March 2016

Ruslim Y, Sihombing R, Liah Y. 2016. Stand damage due to mono-cable winch and bulldozer yarding in a selectively loggedÂ tropical forest. Biodiversitas 17: 222-228. Timber yarding with bulldozers has substantial unwanted environmental impacts andÂ degrades the quality residual stands. We contrasted the impacts of bulldozer yarding with yarding with a sled-mounted mono-cablewinches equipped with 20 and 26 horsepower engines and 100 m of wire in a natural forest timber concession in East Kalimantan,Â Indonesia. We compared the two systems on the basis of productivity and stand damage in forests that were selectively logged at theÂ same intensity on slopes â‰¤ 40% for bulldozer and for mono-cable yarding on slopes â‰¤55%. On slopes â‰¤40%, bulldozers yarded anaverage of 10.3 mÂ 3Â hmÂ -1Â hourÂ -1Â to roadside log landings whereas monoable winch productivity was 7.8 mÂ 3Â In these areas,Â mono-cable winching caused 1.2%, 2.0%, 0.6%, and 27.0% less damage to seedlings, saplings, poles, and trees than bulldozer yarding.Â Our study demonstrates that conventional methods such as bulldozer skidding created damage at seedling, sapling, pole and tree levelsÂ of vegetation around 15.3%, 9.9%, 10.8% and 34.5% at slope â‰¤40%. Winch-yarding is rare in tropical forestry, but the low cost of theÂ mono-cable system we tested 3Â day-1Â for yarding distances that averaged 70.5 m, employmentÂ opportunities, and reduced environmental impacts indicate that such systems could make a major contribution to reduced-impact loggingÂ and promote local development.
Fitoremediasi limbah budidaya sidat menggunakan filamentous algae (Spirogyra sp.)
Authors: Apriadi Tri , TM Pratiwi Niken , Hariyadi Sigid 
Published: March 2016

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi dari filamentous algae (Spirogyra sp.) sebagai agen bioremediasi dalam mereduksi kandungan bahan organik limbah budidaya sidat. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan perlakuan perbedaan dosis limbah (25 %, 50 %, 75 %, 100%). Wadah penelitian berupa akuarium resirkulasi menggunakan sistem carrousel. Dilakukan pengukuran secara rutin terhadap beberapa parameter kualitas air serta perubahan bobot Spirogyra sp. selama dua minggu retensi. Diperoleh hasil bahwa penurunan konsentrasi bahan organik menggunakan Spirogyra sp. berlangsung efektif hingga hari keenam. Spirogyra sp. mampu mentolelir limbah budidaya sidat pada dosis limbah 25% dan 50%. Spirogyra sp. pada perlakuan dosis limbah 50% memiliki kemampuan yang lebih baik dalam menurunkan bahan organik limbah budidaya sidat.Kata kunci : Bahan organik; Limbah budidaya sidat; Spirogyra sp.
Keragaman genetik ikan tuna sirip kuning (Thunnus albacares) dari dua populasi di Laut Maluku, Indonesia
Authors: Akbar Nebuchadnezzar , P Zamani Neviaty , H Madduppa Hawis 
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacores) is a large, pelagic, and migratory species of tuna that inhabits Moluccas Sea in Indonesia, and most sea environment worldwide. However, high fishing activities tend to happen in the Indonesia region and catch product appear to be decreasing. A better understanding of yellowfin tuna genetic diversity is required to plan better conservation strategy of tuna. The study was conducted to infer the genetic diversity of yellowfin tuna (T. albacores) in the Moluccas Sea. A total of 41 tissue samples of yellowfin tuna were collected from two regions in the Moluccas Sea (North Moluccas and Ambon) during an expedition in February 2013. The results showed that genetic diversity and nucleotide diversity of yellowfin tuna from North Moluccas population was 0.984 and 0.021, respectively; while in Ambon population, the genetic and nucleotide diversities were 1.00 and 0.018, respectively. The high genetic diversity (0.990) and nucleotide diversity (0.020) between two populations were observed. Based on phylogenetic analysis, no genetic differentiation between the two populations in Moluccas Sea was revealed .Keywords : Population genetics; Haplotype diversity; Coral Triangle; Phylogenetics; Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCRs) Abstrak. Tuna sirip kuning (Thunnus albacores) adalah ikan komersial penting dan ditemukan di Laut Maluku, Indonesia. Tetapi, aktivitas penangkapan ikan tuna sirip kuning dapat menurunkan kualitas dan kuantitas stok ikan, sehingga perlu adanya pengkajian keragaman genetik ikan tuna sirip kuning. Pemahaman yang baik tentang keragaman genetika dibutuhkan untuk merencanakan strategi konservasi tuna yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman genetik ikan tuna sirip kuning dari dua populasi di Laut Maluku. Sebanyak 41 sampel jaringan dari tuna sirip kuning dikumpulkan dari dua populasi di Laut Maluku (Maluku Utara dan Ambon) selama ekspedisi pada bulan Februari 2013. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keragaman genetik populasi tuna sirip kuning pada perairan Maluku Utara dan Ambon masing-masing sebesar 0,984 dan 1,00 sedangkan nilai keragaman nukleotida masing-masing bernilai 0,021 dan 0,018. Nilai keragaman genetik dan keragaman nukloetida yang tinggi didaptkan antar kedua populasi masing-masing sebesar 0,990 dan 0,020. Berdasarkan analisis filogenetik, dua populasi di Laut Maluku ini memiliki kedekatan secara genetik.Kata kunci : Genetika populasi; Keragaman haplotipe; Segitiga Terumbu Karang; Filogenetika; Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Status pencemaran dan kandungan logam berat pada simping (Placuna placenta) di Pesisir Kabupaten Tangerang
Authors: Rejeki Simbolon Anna , Riani Etty , Wardiatno Yusli 
Published: March 2016

Abstract. The objective of study was to analyze the status of water pollution and heavy metal content on water, sediment and scallop in Tangerang Coastal Waters. The Storet index method was used to determine the status of pollution. Sampling was conducted for three times at two months interval. The content of heavy metals in water, sediment and scallop analyzed descriptively based on the applicable regulations. The results showed that the status of Tangerang Coastal Water was classified as moderate and hight polluted. The content of Pb in scallop from Cituis Coastal has been exceeded the quality standards established by BPOMand WHO, so it is not sutible to consump.Keywords: pollution status; heavy metals; P.placenta; Tangerang Coastal Waters. Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis status pencemaran perairan di Pesisir Kabupaten Tangerang dan kandungan logam berat pada air, sedimen dan simping di Pesisir Kabupaten Tangerang. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengetahui status pencemaran yaitu dengan metode indeks Storet. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan selama tiga kali dengan interval waktu dua bulan. Kandungan logam berat di air, sedimen dan simping dianalisis secara deskriptif berdasarkan peraturan yang berlaku. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa status perairan Pesisir Kabupaten Tangerang tergolong tercemar sedang hingga berat. Kandungan logam berat Pb pada simping di Perairan Cituis telah melampaui baku mutu yang ditetapkan baik menurut BPOM tahun 2009 maupun WHO, sehingga tidak baik untuk dikonsumsi.Kata kunci: Status pencemaran; Logam berat;P.placenta;Pesisir Kabupaten Tangerang
Introduction to the Special Issue: ADA at 25 and People With Cognitive Disabilities: From Action to Inclusion
Authors: Blanck Peter 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 has helped to define in the United States and globally the modern view of disability as a central element of the human experience. This second issue, of a two-part Special Issue of the journal Inclusion, examines the ADA at its 25th anniversary. From an array of disciplinary perspectives and lived experiences, the articles reflect on the past 25 years, examine present opportunities and challenges, and consider the future to ensure continued action toward the civil and human rights of individuals with cognitive and other disabilities for inclusion and active citizenship.
The Future Challenge of the ADA: Shaping Humanity's Transformation
Authors: Treviranus Jutta 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThrough a meta-review of global trends and the contextualization of the 25th anniversary of the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA), the author proposes that a change of strategy and focus is required to achieve the ADA's aspirations. The argument is made that the disability community and inclusion effort must participate in a leadership role in shaping the current transformation of society, including three broad systemic factors: (a) design and development, (b) research and evidence, and (c) education and learning, to avert widening disparity and address risks that affect all members of the global society.
“Children in Iranian legends”
Authors: Jalali Maryam , Taheri Ghodratollah , Tavakoli Sara 
Published: March 2016

Legends are regarded as a type of oral literature. Holistically, the children’s family life can be divided into 3 categories: living with parents: living with a parent either of them and living with a guardian (anyone except parents such as grandmother, aunt and, etc.). Parents reflect a specific personality or behavior toward their child according to each of these forms. Moreover, the personality of child is remarked as the only born one in the story and it usually plays an important role in any legend plot. Ten samples of the legends series are studied to analyze in order to specify family formation and parents behavior to their child. The main question is how the family and parents behavior are made in a legend. A hypothesis is presented to answer this question clarifying that child is the only one born in a family who is often living with one of the parents or both or a guardian and parents provide their child with innovation. The current research aims at presenting the family conditions of child as an important factor identifying his life style.
Analisis Prioritas Penanganan Ruas Jalan Strategis Untuk Pengembangan Wilayah di Kabupaten Demak
Authors: Setya Krismawati Natalia Eka 
Published: March 2016

<p class="Abstract">Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan prioritas penanganan ruas jalan strategis di Kabupaten Demak, serta untuk mengetahui penanganan ruas jalan strategis yang terjadi di lapangan untuk pengembangan wilayah di Kabupaten Demak. Data primer diperoleh berdasarkan kuesioner terhadap 11 orang tenaga ahli dalam bidang penanganan jalan. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui korespondensi, dan daftar pertanyaan (questionaire), sedang analisis data dilakukan dengan metode AHP menggunakan program Expert Choice. Bentuk umum yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan teknik Analisis Rasio Manfaat-Biaya (Benefit Cost Ratio), yang dibentuk oleh dua hirarki yaitu hirarki yang berhubungan dengan Evaluasi Manfaat (KAD, PHD, KTBO dan PWT), serta yang berhubungan dengan Evaluasi Biaya (BI, BOP serta BPL). Berdasarkan hasil penilaian responden melalui kuesioner, ruas jalan strategis di Kabupaten Demak antara lain jalan Mranggen-Bulusari, jalan Karangawen-Pamongan, jalan Gajah-Dempet, jalan Demak-Bonang, dan jalan Bengkal-Karanganyar. Sedangkan hasil analisis dengan metode AHP menggunakan program Expert Choice diperoleh bahwa variabel terpenting dari Kriteria Manfaat adalah KTBO, lalu untuk Kriteria Biaya, variabel terpentingnya ialah BOP. Kemudian dengan membandingkan hasil Kriteria Manfaat Menyeluruh dengan hasil Kriteria Biaya Menyeluruh diperoleh 3 (tiga) ruas jalan strategis yang Rasio Manfaat-Biaya (Benefit-Cost Ratio) lebih besar dari satu (B/C&gt;1) yaitu jalan Mranggen-Bulusari, jalan Karangawen-Pamongan, dan jalan Gajah-Dempet. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa menurut hasil analisis di atas, dengan eksisting di lapangan yang melibatkan pengambil kebijakan terdapat perbedaan, dimana jalan Muka Kabupaten, jalan Menco-Jetak, jalan Gajah-Dempet, jalan Demak-Bonang, dan jalan Trengguli-Demung menjadi prioritas penanganan jalan strategis tahun 2013 oleh Pemerintah Kabupaten Demak. Artinya masih ada beberapa hal yang ditentukan oleh pihak-pihak tertentu sehingga hasil dari keputusan yang diambil belum sepenuhnya murni hasil pendekatan ilmiah yang terstruktur, dan beberapa masih bersifat subyektif.</p><strong></strong>
Perencanaan Fasilitas Rekreasi Pada Kolam Retensi di Kelurahan Muktiharjo Kidul, Kota Semarang (Dalam Aspek Perancangan Fisik)
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad , Suwandono Djoko 
Published: March 2016

<span>Kolam retensi merupakan salah satu cara untuk mengatasi permaslaahn banjir yang sering terjadi. Kolam retensi tersebut dapat ditingkatkan menjadi sebuah ruang aktivitas agar lahan dari kawasan kolam retensi tersebut dapat berkembang. Penelitian dan perencanaan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan fungsi dari kolam retensi yang hanya bersifat fungsional untuk pengendali banjir yang mengakibatkan fungsi lahan kolam retensi tidak produktif sehingga diperlukan sebuah aktivitas untuk meningkatkan fungsi tersebut. Isu permasalahan berupa lokasi dari koalm retensi yang perlu dilakukan kajian ulang dan juga diperlukan sebuah rencana untuk menyatukan kolam retnnsi dan fasilitas rekreasi dengan upaya pemenuhan kebutuhan masyarakat berupa fasilitas rekreasi. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif dengan teknik analisis statistic deskriptif yang kemudian diketahui hasil dari penelitian yang didapat. Hasil dari penelitian yaitu masih banyaknya masyarakat yang belum terpenuhi akan fasilitas rekreasi. Selain itu, aktivitas rekreasi pada kolam retensi perlu dibangun untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat permukiman yang terdapat di sekitar kolam retensi tersebut. Konsep yang digunakan yaitu, </span><em>Public Recreation Space</em><span>, yang mendukung elemen society dan nature sehingga ruang public dapat menjadi wadah bagi masyarakat serta menjadi salah satu paru – paru kota Semarang.</span>
Kajian Perkembangan Penggunaan Lahan Permukiman di Koridor Semarang Timur
Authors: Rudiarto Iwan , Prakasa Rizqy Ridho , Wiryanti Kariza Dewi , Putri Renni Maharani , Masykuroh Dinda Kholivia 
Published: March 2016

<p class="Abstract">Pertumbuhan penduduk yang tinggi menuntut pemerintah untuk menyediakan kebutuhan akan rumah yang layak huni dan terjangkau bagi seluruh lapisan masyarakat serta dilengkapi fasilitas pelayanan umum. Lokasi merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam pemilihan rumah. Rumah yang berada di pusat kota memudahkan bagi penghuni untuk melakukan aktiftas sehari-hari dengan meminimalisir biaya transportasi. Saat ini ketersediaan lahan di pusat kota tidak mampu memenuhi perkembangan perumahan. Fenomena ini membuat perkembangan perumahan bergeser ke daerah pinggiran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah mengkaji perkembangan penggunaan lahan permukiman di daerah pinggiran koridor Semarang Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan pemodelan spasial yang menggambarkan kondisi nyata di lapangan. Perkembangan Penggunaan Lahan Permukiman pada tahun 2002, 2006 dan 2011 menunjukkan bahwa lahan permukiman semakin berkembang. Jika dilihat pada arah perkembangan yang terjadi, pemusatan permukiman cenderung semakin padat kearah perbatasan Kota Semarang dengan Kabupaten Demak. Begitu juga dengan arah kepadatan penduduk yang cenderung berkembang kearah pinggiran tersebut.</p><p class="Keywords"> </p>
Detecting overweight and obesity among young Syrian boys based on skinfold thickness
Authors: Al-Bachir Mahfouz , Ahhmad Hussam 
Published: March 2016

There is no data on the prevalence of overweight and obesity in young Syrian boys. Therefore, the present study aimed to provide baseline and reference data on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among young Syrian boys using skin-fold thickness measurements and deuterium dilution (DD) as a reference method. The sample of 2470 healthy Syrian 18- to 19-year-old boys were enrolled in this study. SFTs were measured at the biceps (B), triceps (T), subscapular (SI) and suprailiac locations (SS) were done and validated using the DD technique as a reference method. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was drawn to determine appropriate cut-off points of the Σ2 limb SFT (T+B), Σ2 trunk SFT (SI+SS), Σ4 SFT (T+B+SI+SS) and Log Σ4 SFT for defining overweight and obesity. The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity in young Syrian boys, based on biceps SFT, triceps SFT, subscapular SFT, suprailiac SFT, Σ2 limb SFT, Σ2 trunk SFT, Σ4 SFT, logarithm Σ4 SFT, and DDT were 35.3%, 32%, 31.6%, 14.8%, 32.9%, 26.6%, 28.1%, 24.1%, 46.5%, respectively. Strongly positive correlation was found between SFT and total body fat in adolescents. For diagnosing overweight on the basis of Σ2 limb SFT, Σ2 trunk SFT, Σ4 SFT and logarithm Σ4 SFT, we propose the following cut-off points: 17.25 mm, 23.50 mm, 39.25 mm and 1.60, respectively. To predict obesity, Σ2 limb SFT, Σ2 trunk SFT, Σ4 SFT and logarithm Σ4 SFT threshold were increased to 23.25 mm, 32.50 mm, 55.25 and 1.75, respectively. Basing on SFT clearly leads to underestimates of the prevalence of weight problems among young boys. SFT measurement screen missed 11.2 to 31.7% of overall overweight and obesity cases.
Balance Impossible? Between Customizability and Comparability of Employee Satisfaction Surveys
Authors: Hartebrodt Christoph , Chtioui Yvonne 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In a significant share of cases, when multi-objective management systems (e.g. Balanced Scorecard, Quantum Performance Measurement) are in use, the goal of employee satisfaction is part of the set of strategic goals. Quite frequently, this goal is flanked by an indicator, mostly a so-called employee satisfaction index, which is frequently derived from an employee satisfaction survey (ESS). On one hand such a survey has to reflect the characteristics and structure of the enterprises, on the other hand it is known that the question for intercompany-comparison turns up immediately after the disclosure of the results. The paper discusses the results of a meta-analysis of ESS in seven of the larger forest enterprises in Germany. The main topics are underlined and the problems of comparability of customized ESS are shown, while focusing on both wording and scales used for their measurement. A methodological approach of dealing with various scales is discussed based on the results of inter- and intra-company ESS. A vision of a common ESS framework is outlined.
ZnO-nanorods as economical catalyst for synthesis of 4-amino-2-iminodithiole derivatives using tetramethyl thiourea in water
Authors: Rostami-Charati Faramarz , Hajinasiri Rahimeh , Alangi Seyyed Zahra Sayyed , Abad Saeid Afshari Sharif 
Published: March 2016

Abstract4-amino-2-iminodithiole derivatives were synthesised via multi-component reactions of tetramethyl thiourea, isothiocyanates and alkyl bromides in the presence of ZnO nanorods (ZnO-NR) as the catalyst in water at ambient temperature. These reactions provide low yields without catalysts. The catalyst exhibited significant reusable activity.
The Inward Shift in 21st-Century Linguistic Studies
Authors: Zhang Jie , Yu Hongbing 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Since the latter half of the 20th century, studies of linguistic signs have exhibited a steady tendency to shift inwards from “form” to “cognition”, the unfolding of which is driven by linguistic globalization and cultural globalization. The present article attempts to account for this shift and to further explore the implications of contemporary linguistic sign studies for the internal mechanism of the human brain and neurons and the intelligent mechanism of the text and culture. If it can be said that the 20th century was the era of formal linguistics, then it is rightful to say that the 21st century will be the era of cognitive linguistics. “Shifting toward cognition” will have a profound impact upon the development of various disciplines in the 21st century and all humanity.
Minimal Computation and the Architecture of Language
Authors: Chomsky Noam 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The article argues that humans are endowed with an inborn language faculty. The ‘Basic Property’ of language is defined as a finitely-specified procedure represented in the brain, which generates a discrete infinity of hierarchically structured expressions. These unordered structures are linked to two interfaces: (i) the sensorimotor interface and (ii) the conceptual-intentional interface. The sensorimotor interface externalizes and linearizes internal structures, usually in the sound modality. Externalization and linearization account for the structural diversity of the world’s languages. Human language did not evolve from simpler communication systems. The available evidence suggests that language is primarily an instrument of thought, not of communication.
Global Semiotics vs. Human Semiology
Authors: Pablé Adrian 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This paper adopts as its point of reference an integrational semiology as developed by Oxford Professor of linguistics Roy Harris. It contrasts two contemporary approaches to communication as proposed by global semiotics and Saussurean semiology. Against the former, integrational linguists argue that there is no ‘science’ of communication (i.e., there is no way to isolate communication as a ‘thing’ and only then decide what is rightly called communication), and against the latter that there are no impersonal languages determining for its speakers what counts as communication and what does not. The paper introduces the Harrisian semiological notion of radical indeterminacy and suggests that a linguistics of the 21st century should be ‘lay-oriented’ and should recognize that individuals possess unique communicational histories.
Biological Simplexity and Linguistic Cognition
Authors: Cowley Stephen J. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
I use biological simplexity to argue that, since the natural world repeats tricks such as emotion, inhibition, or anticipation, language can emerge from coordinated embodiment. In exemplifying the claim, I show how, in both face-to-face dialogue and text messaging, felt experience is yoked to verbal patterning. Language activity is multi-scalar, individual, and collective: people mesh vocal, manual, and gestural techniques with embodied coordination. People gain cognitive skills that link historically derived patterns with how, as vertebrates, they mesh perception with action (in perçaction). This view applies to evolution, know-how, and individual-collective agency: as people draw on the logic shown in the Taiji Yin-Yang emblem, they use language to change the bio-ecology (plant-animal-human-cultural formations) as cultural products transform terrestrial life. It is concluded that recognition of the simplex nature of language can help linguists and semioticians play a major part in reducing the degradation of the living world.
‘Quo Vadimus?’ from a Cognitive Linguistic Perspective
Authors: Panther Klaus-Uwe 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In this article, I offer some comments on the general theme “The Study of Linguistic Sign Systems in the 21st Century” of this special issue of CSS and on the individual contributions therein. I comment on topics such as the shift from form to cognition in contemporary linguistics (Zhang & Yu), the faculty of language (Chomsky, Cowley), sign systems and their use by nonhuman organisms (Pable), the nature of the linguistic sign and its indeterminacy (Zhang & Yu, Pable, Liszka, and Cowley). One focus is the debate between “nativists” and “non-nativists”, i.e. the question whether the language faculty is inborn or explainable by non-specialized cognitive learning mechanisms. My own conception of language and communication, which is inspired by cognitive linguistics and contemporary pragmatics, regards language as a sign system of conventional form-meaning pairs. Successful human communication requires socio-cultural skills such as cooperative behavior and the ability to infer non-coded meanings.