bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ACCOUNT BOOKS OF THE IMPERIAL WAQFS (CHARITABLE ENDOWMENTS) IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (15th TO 19th CENTURIES)
Authors: Orbayy Kayhan 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
The history of accounting in the Eastern Mediterranean has not been adequately studied through its primary sources, despite the fact that the Turkish archives house an enormous amount of material for exploring accounting practices in the Ottoman Empire. Ottomanists used the account books as sources for Ottoman socioeconomic and institutional history. They analyzed, fully transliterated and published the account registers of the central treasury, the Istanbul shipyard and the waqf institutions. Nevertheless, accounting historians did not even show interest into published archival sources up until recent years. Owing to a few recent works that were based on the primary sources, nowadays accounting historians are more and more aware of the richness and significance of Ottoman archives for accounting history and for comparative accounting research as well. This study introduces the account books kept in the Ottoman waqf institutions between the 15th and 19th centuries in order to raise awareness of the Eastern Mediterranean accounting tradition and to spark further in-depth and comparative works focused on the history, functioning, role and change of accounting in the Eastern Mediterranean.
THE HOLY AND GREAT COUNCIL OF THE ORTHODOXY ACCORDING TO REV. PROF. LIVIU STAN
Authors: MARGA Irimie 
Published: June 2017

Synodality is the fundamental feature of the Orthodox Church. Reverend Prof. Liviu Stan defined the synod principle as the order of Church management through councils, both by hierarchical councils and through joint councils. The highest manifestation of Church synodality is the ecumenical council which, paradoxically, is not legally necessary and has not been institutionalized by the Church, so it has the character of charism. The special property of Ecumenical Council was established only by its so-called reception of the whole Church, reception which has also acquired the charism of infallibility. The meeting of a Holy and Great Council of the Orthodox is the natural expression that shows synodality in the Orthodox Church, which must operate at all times and in all places. It becomes officially recognized only by the reception process, which is spontaneous and quiet, and cannot be estimated over linear time. The opinions during the reception process cannot be hurried or stopped, compelled or ignored. The decisions of a Holy and Great Panorthodox Council can be perceived as a whole, can be perceived only in part, or may be corrected at a later meeting.
A CANONICAL ANALYSIS OF THE MOST CONTROVERSIAL PHRASE OF THE HOLY AND GREAT COUNCIL: “THE ORTHODOX CHURCH ACCEPTS THE HISTORICAL NAME OF OTHER NON-ORTHODOX CHRISTIAN CHURCHES AND CONFESSIONS THAT ARE NOT IN COMMUNION WITH HER”
Authors: PERȘA Răzvan 
Published: June 2017

In this paper, I will try to emphasise the genesis and the development of the phrase: the Orthodox Church accepts the historical name of other non-Orthodox Christian Churches and Confessions, by finding how this highly controversial formulation emerged and who were its promoters. Surprisingly, the direct promoter of this formulation of the final document of the Third Pre-conciliar Pan-orthodox Conference is none other than Theodoros Zisis, at that time a consultant member of the Ecumenical Patriarchate. The main question that we have addressed is the following: is there in the patristic, synodal and canonical Tradition of the Church any example where certain heterodox communities were called Churches without recognizing their ecclesiality or an ecclesial status? I have emphasised the diachronic development of the use of the word church/ἐκκλησία applied to other Christian communities in some synodal decisions and works of the Holy Fathers in order to designate certain communities that ceased the communion with the Orthodox Church and departed from it, but by the use of the word Church they did not give an ontological ecclesial status to other Christian communities.
THE SOUL’S POWERS AND THE PROCESS OF KNOWLEDGE IN THE WRITINGS OF SIMON TAIBUTEH: BETWEEN ANATOMY AND SPIRITUALITY
Authors: VESA Benedict 
Published: June 2017

In the line of the ascetical tradition, the knowledge of God is the very aim of spiritual life. Divine knowledge is possible, on the one hand, because of God’s revelation and, on the other hand, due to human’s anatomical and spiritual structure. Thus, one may find specific cognitive powers of the body and, in correspondence, of the soul, that stand at the very basis of the process of knowledge, worldly or spiritual. Simon Taibuteh is one of the mystical writers of the East Syriac Church who, having also a medical education, describes spiritual life and, in consequence, divine knowledge, using an anatomic terminology next to the anthropological-theological language, specific to his religious community. His special merits focus on the endeavour of creating bridges between these two domains and, eventually, of describing the soteriological itinerary as a process of healing both physically and spiritually. He is an example of the medical preoccupation in the monastic communities. This paper is divided into three sections, following a general short introduction, dealing firstly with the process of knowledge as described by the author himself, then a synthesis of the way of using the concept powers of the soul by some representative Syriac authors, and, finally, the use of the same concept in Simon’s writings and the way he involves them in the very process of knowledge.
“SHINING FACE” AS HIDDEN AND REVEALED CHRISTOLOGY
Authors: TĂNASE Nichifor 
Published: June 2017

The shining face theology as luminous metamorphosis of a visionary has experienced three great challenges: the anthropomorphic controversy, iconoclastic debate and the hesychast dispute. This study attempts to make a mystagogical connection between those three theological developments which are standing all together in God’s holy fire with the unveiled face. I have imposed myself a line of research into the contemplative spirituality field, which in fact represents a hermeneutical trajectory: Glory in the NT (hidden-revealed or being-energies) – Glory in the NT (theosis as Christification) – pre-Nicene Christology (eikonic and apophatic Light / glory) – Desert Fathers (“shining face” christology) – Efrem the Syrian (clothing metaphore) – Dionysius the Areopagite (veils of theurgic rays and Christ’s Presence as immanent transcendence or as tension between transcendent hiddenness and revelation) – Palamas hesychasm (christology of the uncreated light). I am the first who calls the light from the Shining Faces of the Desert Fathers as an uncreated light and a discovery of a Hidden pre-Nicene (apophatic) Christology. I have to emphasize that because these two aspects of my disclosure (meaning uncreated light and hidden christology of the Desert Fathers) were inspired to me by the readings in the field of palamite theology which consider that this light of the ascet’s glowing face to be an uncreated light experienced by the body (aesthetically), an inner presence of Christ who identifies himself with His light (apophatic), He Himself being the deifying light as uncreated divine gift. All studies in the Late Antiquity ignore this visionary experience, reducing it to the level of a simple metaphor of light (completing the ascetic quest for real self), a metaphor in which the saint’s life is hagiographically (mystifying!) described. A second reason for this blindness was a restraint coming from the Evagrian theology that draws attention to the danger of seeking visionary experiences, because in that light there is the risk of an illusory or deceitful demonic appearance. Another reason represents the fact that the hesychast controversy and the theology of the uncreated light as divine energy of the Saint Gregory Palamas’ theology (which in Western media has long been discredited as heretical) have played a negative role in accepting the nature of uncreated light into the shining face Christology of the Desert Fathers.
“Leer Balún-Canán sin abrir el libro: la bibliografía material en el análisis de la obra literaria”
Authors: Higashi Alejandro 
Published: June 2017

Fecha de recepción: 13 de febrero de 2012.Fecha de aceptación: 17 de mayo de 2013. En este artículo, el autor se centra en el papel que tiene la Bibliografía analítica para la construcción de estrategias hermenéuticas en los estudios de literatura mexicana moderna. Si la Bibliografía analítica es el estudio académico de los libros como objetos materiales y culturales,podemos esperar que el análisis bibliográfico explique detalladamente los principales contornos de la primera recepción a la que estuvo sujeta la obra literaria. A modo de ejemplo, presento aquí un análisis exhaustivo de la editio princeps de Balún-Canán, de Rosario Castellanos,con el propósito de explicar la influencia que tuvo el libro como objeto material sobre sus primeros lectores.
Alain Musset, Ciudades nómadas del Nuevo Mundo, México, Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2011, 477 p.
Authors: García Acosta Virginia 
Published: June 2017

El artículo de Alain Musset titulado “Mudarse o desaparecer. Traslado de ciudades hispanoamericanas y desastres (siglos XVI-XVIII) , publicado en el primero de los tres volúmenes de Historia y desastres en Amé­rica Latina, constituye el primer antecedente de Ciudades nómadas del Nuevo Mundo.
Obtención de polihidroxialcanoatos (PHA) a partir de cultivos mixtos microbianos usando efluentes ricos en ácidos grasos volátiles como sustrato
Authors: Calero Rolando 
Published: June 2017

La finalidad de este trabajo consiste en el estudio de bioreactores en la obtención de biopolímeros (polihidroxialkanoatos) de fuentes mixtas microbianas utilizando sueros de quesería de la industria láctea como sustrato. Para obtener polihidroxialcanoatos (PHAs) primero se partió de un proceso de enriquecimiento de la cepa bacteriana en un reactor aerobio secuencial (SBR) donde la flora microbiana se somete a un proceso de selección para poder alcanzar los máximos niveles de reserva del polímero. El sustrato utilizado es mayoritariamente ácidos grasos volátiles o de cadena corta obtenido en una etapa preliminar de tratamiento en un reactor anaerobio en donde el contenido de azucares del suero lácteo es sometido a un proceso de fermentación. Una vez enriquecida la flora bacteriana se estudia la producción de PHAs producido en otro reactor llamado reactor de alimentación. En este experimento se muestra la capacidad de producción de PHA que alcanza el 42 % en comparación a la biomasa activa del lodo residual.Abstract The aim of this work is about the study of bioreactors in obtaining biopolymers (polyhydroxyalkanoate) by mixed microbial sources using cheese whey from the dairy industry as a substrate. To obtain polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) is necessary to start with an enrichment process of the bacterial strain in a sequential batch reactor (SBR) where the microbial culture is subjected to a selection process in order to achieve the highest levels of polymer reserve. The substrate used is mainly compound of volatile short chain fatty obtained in a preliminary stage of treatment in an anaerobic reactor wherein the sugar content of the whey is subjected to a process of acids fermentation. Once enriched the bacterial cultures with great capacity of storage of PHAs, we proceed in other reactor process known as a Fed-Batch in order to obtain a maximum production of biopolymer. In this experiment the PHA obtaining was about 42% compared with the activate biomass.
Response of Wheat Cultivars in Different Agricultural Practices Differed by Sowing Date
Authors: Acharya Ramesh , Marahatta Santosh , Amgain Lal P 
Published: June 2017

A field experiment with three wheat varieties at different sowing dates on two crop establishment methods was accomplished to identify the optimum sowing date at AFU Rampur during winter season of 2014/2015. Three wheat varieties namely: Tillotama, Danfe and Vijay sown on three dates: 14th November, 29th November, and 14th December under two crop establishment practices: Conservational and conventional agriculture were evaluated with strip –split plot design in three replications. The field data onyield attributes and yields were collected. Earlier sowing on 14th November gave the highest yield (3427.15 kg ha-1), total dry matter (8154.44 kg ha-1), with longest days to crop maturation (133.11 days). In case of varieties, Vijay gave the highest grain yield (3458.61 kg ha-1) and total dry weight (4456.11 and 8832.42 kg ha-1 respectively) with earliest days to heading and maturity. The straw yield was the highest for 29th November sowing (5821 kg ha-1) and for Danfe variety (5756 kg ha-1). Vijay variety recorded the highest test weight (43.60 g) and highest harvest index (35.89%) even though with the lowest effective tillers per square meter (320.83), it proved to be the most promising variety. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(2): 250-255
The art and craft of scientific writing and critical appraisal of a research paper
Authors: Ghimire Bikal 
Published: June 2017

Writing is an art and like any art form, it needs perseverance, dedication and practice. However, to write a good quality paper, the habit of reading scientific articles and analyzing them is very important. With the advent of internet and online publishing, we have access to colossal research articles on myriads of subjects making extraordinary conclusions. Evidence based practice requires us to rely on literature for our clinical practice, and we have abundant publications on all aspects claiming to justify all sides of the argument. In this context it becomes more important for all in clinical practice to be able to dissect an article and analyze it in details.
Characterizing the Stellar Population of NGC 1980
Authors: Kounkel Marina , Hartmann Lee , Calvet Nuria , Megeath Tom 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
NGC 1980 is a young cluster that is located about 0.°5 south of the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC). Recent studies by Bouy et al. and Pillitteri et al. have suggested that NGC 1980 contains an older population of stars compared to a much younger ONC, and that it belongs to a foreground population that may be located in front of the Orion A molecular gas by as much as 40 pc. In this work, we present low-resolution spectra toward 148 young stars found toward the NGC 1980 region. We determine the spectral types of these stars, examine accretion signatures and measure the extinction toward them. We determine that based on these observations, the age of the population of NGC 1980 is indistinguishable from L1641, estimated to be ∼3 Myr, comparable with the study by Fang et al.
Observation of the Crab Nebula with the HAWC Gamma-Ray Observatory
Authors: Abeysekara A. U. , Albert A. , Alfaro R. , Alvarez C. , Álvarez J. D. , Arceo R. , Arteaga-Velázquez J. C. , Solares H. A. Ayala , Barber A. S. , Bautista-Elivar N. , Becerril A. , Belmont-Moreno E. , BenZvi S. Y. , Berley D. , Braun J. , Brisbois C. , Caballero-Mora K. S. , Capistrán T. , Carramiñana A. , Casanova S. , Castillo M. , Cotti U. , Cotzomi J. , León S. Coutiño de , Fuente E. de la , León C. De , DeYoung T. , Dingus B. L. , DuVernois M. A. , Díaz-Vélez J. C. , Ellsworth R. W. , Fiorino D. W. , Fraija N. , García-González J. A. , Gerhardt M. , Munöz A. González , González M. M. , Goodman J. A. , Hampel-Arias Z. , Harding J. P. , Hernandez S. , Hernandez-Almada A. , Hinton J. , Hui C. M. , Hüntemeyer P. , Iriarte A. , Jardin-Blicq A. , Joshi V. , Kaufmann S. , Kieda D. , Lara A. , Lauer R. J. , Lee W. H. , Lennarz D. , Vargas H. León , Linnemann J. T. , Longinotti A. L. , Raya G. Luis , Luna-García R. , López-Coto R. , Malone K. , Marinelli S. S. , Martinez O. , Martinez-Castellanos I. , Martínez-Castro J. , Martínez-Huerta H. , Matthews J. A. , Miranda-Romagnoli P. , Moreno E. , Mostafá M. , Nellen L. , Newbold M. , Nisa M. U. , Noriega-Papaqui R. , Pelayo R. , Pretz J. , Pérez-Pérez E. G. , Ren Z. , Rho C. D. , Rivière C. , Rosa-González D. , Rosenberg M. , Ruiz-Velasco E. , Salazar H. , Greus F. Salesa , Sandoval A. , Schneider M. , Schoorlemmer H. , Sinnis G. , Smith A. J. , Springer R. W. , Surajbali P. , Taboada I. , Tibolla O. , Tollefson K. , Torres I. , Ukwatta T. N. , Villaseñor L. , Weisgarber T. , Westerhoff S. , Wisher I. G. , Wood J. , Yapici T. , Yodh G. B. , Younk P. W. , Zepeda A. , Zhou H. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The Crab Nebula is the brightest TeV gamma-ray source in the sky and has been used for the past 25 years as a reference source in TeV astronomy, for calibration and verification of new TeV instruments. The High Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory (HAWC), completed in early 2015, has been used to observe the Crab Nebula at high significance across nearly the full spectrum of energies to which HAWC is sensitive. HAWC is unique for its wide field of view, nearly 2 sr at any instant, and its high-energy reach, up to 100 TeV. HAWC’s sensitivity improves with the gamma-ray energy. Above ∼1 TeV the sensitivity is driven by the best background rejection and angular resolution ever achieved for a wide-field ground array. We present a time-integrated analysis of the Crab using 507 live days of HAWC data from 2014 November to 2016 June. The spectrum of the Crab is fit to a function of the form

. The data is well fitted with values of α = 2.63 ± 0.03, β = 0.15 ± 0.03, and

when E
0 is fixed at 7 TeV and the fit applies between 1 and 37 TeV. Study of the systematic errors in this HAWC measurement is discussed and estimated to be ±50% in the photon flux between 1 and 37 TeV. Confirmation of the Crab flux serves to establish the HAWC instrument’s sensitivity for surveys of the sky. The HAWC all-sky survey will be the deepest survey of the northern sky ever conducted in the multi-TeV band.
Issues Influencing Success: Comparing the Perspectives of Nurse Educators and Diverse Nursing Students
Authors: Fuller Bonnie L. , Mott-Smith Jennifer A. 
Published: June 2017

Background:
Research has shown that diverse nursing students report experiencing numerous issues that affect their progression through nursing programs. At the same time, research has also shown that nurse educators find it challenging to meet the needs of these students. What is missing is an analysis of how these two perspectives intersect.

Method:

A mixed-methods parallel study compared the perceptions of diverse nursing students (
n
=13) and nurse educators (
n
= 22) regarding the learning environment in a baccalaureate nursing program.

Results:
Important differences existed between the students' and nurse educators' perspectives on hindrances to the students' success. Nurse educators saw the biggest hindrance as language proficiency, whereas students saw it as lack of relationships with faculty and classmates.

Conclusion:

Nursing programs should encourage faculty to build relationships with diverse nursing students not only because students appreciate them, but also because such relationships play a role in helping students overcome hindrances to success. [
J Nurs Educ.
2017;56(7):389–396.]
Assessing Student Perceptions of Quality and Safety Education for Nurses Competencies in a Baccalaureate Curriculum
Authors: Peterson-Graziose Virginia , Bryer Jennifer 
Published: June 2017

Background:
Nursing programs must ensure that graduate competencies in quality and patient safety are sufficient to meet practice needs. Student perceptions of the extent to which they acquired the knowledge, skills, and attitudes, as well as the importance and levels of preparedness associated with the Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) competencies, were measured.

Method:
Using a descriptive cross-sectional design, a convenience sample of 73 nursing students was surveyed using the QSEN Student Evaluation Survey tool.

Results:
Students perceived being the least knowledgeable about, and least prepared to, engage in quality improvement (QI) activities. This competency was perceived as being the least important. Students reported they were somewhat prepared to perform all other skills related to QSEN competencies.

Conclusion:

Redesign of curricula emphasizing QI competencies is needed. A gap analysis identifying where in the curricula QI teaching is conducted and where it can be added may help ensure that students enter the workforce prepared to provide safe, quality care. [
J Nurs Educ.
2017;56(7):435–438.]
Le territoire de l’expulsion
Authors: Fischer Nicolas 
Published: June 2017

Héritiers des camps d’internement, les centres de rétention administrative sont aujourd’hui des relais essentiels du contrôle de l’immigration irrégulière. Ils relèvent d’un schéma répressif inhabituel en démocratie : ils permettent en effet, sur décision d’un préfet, l’enfermement extra-judiciaire d’étrangers, qu’il ne s’agit pas de sanctionner mais seulement de maintenir sous contrôle pour mieux préparer leur «  éloignement  ». Sommés de respecter « l’État de droit », les centres doivent également veiller au quotidien aux droits fondamentaux des personnes. C’est à ce titre que des militants associatifs spécialisés dans le droit des étrangers y interviennent depuis 1984. En s’appuyant sur les résultats d’une enquête ethnographique inédite de cinq mois dans un centre de rétention, cet ouvrage revient sur les paradoxes engendrés par cette configuration spécifique. Comment le droit est-il mobilisé en rétention, avec quels effets sur la mise en œuvre ordinaire de la force publique ? Que dire de l’activité critique d’acteurs associatifs tout à la fois militants et partie intégrante de l’institution ? Autant d’interrogations qui concernent les sociologues de l’État et du droit, et plus largement le public intéressé par les politiques migratoires et les conditions du contrôle des étrangers en France.

Illustration de couverture : © Bertrand Gaudillère, item. Photographie tirée de la série « Les chiffres ont un visage »
Modeling the water budget of the Upper Blue Nile basin using the JGrass-NewAge model system and satellite data
Authors: Abera Wuletawu , Formetta Giuseppe , Brocca Luca , Rigon Riccardo 
Published: June 2017

Abstract. The Upper Blue Nile basin is one of the most data-scarce regions in developing countries, and hence the hydrological information required for informed decision making in water resource management is limited. The hydrological complexity of the basin, tied with the lack of hydrometeorological data, means that most hydrological studies in the region are either restricted to small subbasins where there are relatively better hydrometeorological data available, or on the whole-basin scale but at very coarse timescales and spatial resolutions. In this study we develop a methodology that can improve the state of the art by using available, but sparse, hydrometeorological data and satellite products to obtain the estimates of all the components of the hydrological cycle (precipitation, evapotranspiration, discharge, and storage). To obtain the water-budget closure, we use the JGrass-NewAge system and various remote sensing products. The satellite product SM2R-CCI is used for obtaining the rainfall inputs, SAF EUMETSAT for cloud cover fraction for proper net radiation estimation, GLEAM for comparison with NewAge-estimated evapotranspiration, and GRACE gravimetry data for comparison of the total water storage amounts available in the whole basin. Results are obtained at daily time steps for the period 1994–2009 (16 years), and they can be used as a reference for any water resource development activities in the region. The overall water-budget analysis shows that precipitation of the basin is 1360 ± 230 mm per year. Evapotranspiration accounts for 56 % of the annual water budget, runoff is 33 %, storage varies from −10 to +17 % of the water budget.