bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food Insecurity Research in the United States: Where We Have Been and Where We Need to Go
Authors: Gundersen Craig , Ziliak James P 
Published: December 2017

AbstractFood insecurity is now recognized as a major health crisis in the United States. This is due to the size of the problem—more than 42 million persons were food insecure in 2015—as well as the multiple negative health outcomes and higher health care costs attributable to food insecurity. An extensive body of literature from multiple fields has examined the causes and consequences of food insecurity and the efficacy of food assistance programs—especially the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program. We review this literature and provide suggestions for future research directions. We suggest examining the distribution of food insecurity within households, the impact of the food distribution system on food insecurity, the coping mechanisms of low‐income food secure families, food insecurity among American Indians, the effects of charitable food assistance, the causal relationship between food insecurity and health outcomes, the declining age gradient in food insecurity among Seniors, the effects of labor force participation and the Great Recession on food insecurity, and the long‐term consequences of food insecurity. In addition, the impact of two recent policy recommendations on food insecurity – the minimum wage and the Affordable Care – Act should be considered.
Patient Experience With Care and Its Association With Adherence to Hypertension Medications
Authors: Fortuna Robert J , Nagel Angela K , Rocco Thomas A , Legette-Sobers Sharon , Quigley Denise D 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Medication adherence is crucial to effective chronic disease management, yet little is known about the influence of the patient–provider interaction on medication adherence to hypertensive regimens. We aimed to examine the association between the patient’s experience with care and medication adherence.

METHODS
We collected 2,128 surveys over 4 years from a convenience sample of hypertensive patients seeking care at three urban safety-net practices in upstate New York. The survey collected adherence measures using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) and patient experience measures. We used regression models to adjust for age, gender, race/ethnicity, self-reported health status, and clustering by patients. The primary outcome was reporting of medium-to-high adherence (MMAS ≥ 6) vs. low adherence

RESULTS
A total of 62.5% of respondents reported medium-to-high medication adherence. The concern the provider demonstrated for patient questions or worries (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–1.7), provider efforts to include the patient in decisions (AOR 1.5; 95% CI 1.8–1.9), information given (AOR 1.3; 95% CI 1.0–1.6), and the overall rating of care received (AOR 1.4; 95% CI 1.1–1.8) were associated with higher medication adherence. The amount of time the provider spent was not associated with medication adherence (AOR 1.2; 95% CI 0.9–1.4). Medium-to-high medication adherence was in turn associated with increased hypertension control rates.

CONCLUSIONS
Overall, better experiences with care were associated with higher adherence to hypertension regimens. However, the amount of time the provider spent with the patient was not statistically associated with medication adherence, suggesting that the quality of communication may be more important than the absolute quantity of time.
SANA NetGO: a combinatorial approach to using Gene Ontology (GO) terms to score network alignments
Authors: Hayes Wayne B , Mamano Nil 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Gene Ontology (GO) terms are frequently used to score alignments between protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks. Methods exist to measure GO similarity between proteins in isolation, but proteins in a network alignment are not isolated: each pairing is dependent on every other via the alignment itself. Existing measures fail to take into account the frequency of GO terms across networks, instead imposing arbitrary rules on when to allow GO terms.

Results
Here we develop NetGO, a new measure that naturally weighs infrequent, informative GO terms more heavily than frequent, less informative GO terms, without arbitrary cutoffs, instead downweighting GO terms according to their frequency in the networks being aligned. This is a global measure applicable only to alignments, independent of pairwise GO measures, in the same sense that the edge-based EC or S3 scores are global measures of topological similarity independent of pairwise topological similarities. We demonstrate the superiority of NetGO in alignments of predetermined quality and show that NetGO correlates with alignment quality better than any existing GO-based alignment measures. We also demonstrate that NetGO provides a measure of taxonomic similarity between species, consistent with existing taxonomic measuresa feature not shared with existing GObased network alignment measures. Finally, we re-score alignments produced by almost a dozen aligners from a previous study and show that NetGO does a better job at separating good alignments from bad ones.

Availability and implementation
Available as part of SANA.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Using the Markov chain Monte Carlo method to study the physical properties of GeV–TeV BL Lac objects
Authors: Qin Longhua , Wang Jiancheng , Yang Chuyuan , Yuan Zunli , Mao Jirong , Kang Shiju 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
We fit the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of 46 GeV–TeV BL Lac objects in the frame of leptonic one-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model and investigate the physical properties of these objects. We use the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method to obtain the basic parameters, such as magnetic field (B), the break energy of the relativistic electron distribution ($\gamma ^{\prime }_{\rm {b}}$), and the electron energy spectral index. Based on the modeling results, we support the following scenarios for GeV–TeV BL Lac objects. (1) Some sources have large Doppler factors, implying other radiation mechanism should be considered. (2) Compared with flat spectrum quasars (FSRQs), GeV–TeV BL Lac objects have weaker magnetic fields and larger Doppler factors, which cause the ineffective cooling and shift the SEDs to higher bands. Their jet powers are around 4.0 × 1045 erg s−1, compared with radiation power, 5.0 × 1042 erg s−1, indicating that only a small fraction of jet power is transformed into the emission power. (3) For some BL Lacs with large Doppler factors, their jet components could have two substructures, e.g., the fast core and the slow sheath. For most GeV–TeV BL Lacs, Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities are suppressed by their higher magnetic fields, leading to micro-variability or intro-day variability in the optical bands. (4) Combined with a sample of FSRQs, an anti-correlation between the peak luminosity, Lpk, and the peak frequency, νpk, is obtained, favoring the blazar sequence scenario. In addition, an anti-correlation between the jet power, Pjet, and the break Lorentz factor, γb, also supports the blazar sequence.
Medical Malpractice Claims Following Incidental Durotomy Due to Spinal Surgery
Authors: Durand Wesley M. , Eltorai Adam E. M. , Shantharam Govind , DePasse John Mason , Kuris Eren O. , Hersey Alicia E. , Palumbo Mark A. , Daniels Alan H. 
Published: December 2017

Study Design.
Retrospective cohort study.

Objective.
Analyze medical malpractice verdicts and settlements associated with incidental durotomy.

Summary of Background Data.
Incidental durotomy is a common complication of spine surgery. Although most intraoperative dural tears are repaired without sequelae, persistent Cerebrospinal Fluid leak, infection, or neurological injury can yield adverse outcomes. The medicolegal implications of incidental durotomy are poorly understood.

Methods.
Three separate, large legal databases were queried for cases involving incidental durotomy. Case, plaintiff, procedure, and outcome characteristics were analyzed.

Results.
In total, 48 dural tear-related medical malpractice cases were analyzed. Most cases (56.3%) resulted in a ruling in favor of the defendant physician. Most cases alleged neurological deficits (86.7%). A large majority of cases without neurological sequelae had an outcome in favor of the defendant (83.3%). For cases involving a payment, the average amount was $2,757,298 in 2016 adjusted dollars. Additional surgery was required in 56.3% of cases, a delay in diagnosis/treatment of durotomy was present in 43.8%, and alleged improper durotomy repair was present in 22.9%. A favorable outcome for the plaintiff was more likely in cases with versus without alleged delay in diagnosis/treatment (61.9% vs. 29.6%, P = 0.025) and improper durotomy repair technique (72.7% vs. 35.1%, P = 0.040). Repeat surgery was not associated with favorable outcome for the plaintiff (42.8% cases with reoperation vs. 38.1% without, P = 0.486).

Conclusion.
This analysis of durotomy-associated closed malpractice claims after spine surgery is the largest yet conducted. Durotomy cannot always be considered an entirely benign event, and these findings have several direct implications for clinicians: late-presenting or dehiscent durotomy may be associated with adverse outcomes and subsequent risk of litigation, timely reoperation in the event of durotomy-related complications may not increase surgeon liability, and spine surgeons should be prepared to defend their choice of durotomy repair technique, should dehiscence occur.

Level of Evidence: 3
Corneal Optical Changes Associated with Induced Edema in Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy
Authors: Wacker Katrin , McLaren Jay W. , Kane Katrina M. , Patel Sanjay V. 
Published: December 2017

Purpose:
Patients with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) often notice poor vision in the morning that improves as the day progresses. In this study, we determined changes in corneal optical properties associated with induced corneal edema.

Methods:
Twenty-three phakic eyes (23 participants) with FECD (grades 1–6, modified Krachmer scale) and 8 normal eyes (8 participants) were examined by Scheimpflug photography. Central corneal thickness, high-order aberrations from anterior and posterior corneal surfaces, and backscatter from the anterior, mid-, and posterior cornea were determined from the Scheimpflug images. A low-oxygen permeable contact lens was placed on the eye, and eyes were closed for 2 hours, after which the lens was removed and Scheimpflug photography was repeated for up to 5 hours to determine changes in backscatter and high-order aberrations.

Results:
Corneas swelled by 10% [95% confidence interval (CI), 9–10]. Backscatter from the anterior cornea increased by 416 scatter units (SU, 95% CI, 344–488; P < 0.001), independent of the presence and severity of FECD. Recovery of anterior backscatter was slower in advanced FECD (81 SU/h, 95% CI, 60–120) compared with normal (123 SU/h, 95% CI, 95–150; P = 0.019). Anterior and posterior corneal high-order aberrations, and mid and posterior backscatter, did not increase with induced swelling.

Conclusions:
Inducing corneal edema increases anterior corneal backscatter but not high-order aberrations. Subjective poor vision in the morning in FECD is probably caused by scattered light rather than by high-order aberrations, suggesting that these patients experience more disability glare than decreased visual acuity.
Prevalence of Meibomian Gland Atrophy in a Pediatric Population
Authors: Gupta Preeya K. , Stevens Madelyn N. , Kashyap Namita , Priestley Yos 
Published: December 2017

Purpose:
To report the prevalence of meibomian gland atrophy and gland tortuosity in a pediatric population.

Methods:
Participants who presented with no history of dry eye disease or meibomian gland dysfunction were recruited from the Duke University Eye Center. Meibography was performed and subjective symptoms were assessed through the Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) questionnaire. Grading of images was assessed by a masked rater using a previously validated 5-point meiboscale (0–4) for gland atrophy and a 3-point scale for gland tortuosity (0–2).

Results:
Ninety-nine eyes of 99 participants (50 females) aged 4 to 17 years (mean 9.6 years) were imaged. The mean meiboscore was 0.58 ± 0.80 (mean ± SD) for gland atrophy and 0.45 ± 0.64 for tortuosity. In all subjects, 42% (n = 42) had any evidence of meibomian gland atrophy (meiboscore >0) and 37% (n = 37) had any evidence of meibomian gland tortuosity. The majority of subjects had mild gland atrophy. No significant association was found between age, sex, or race and presence of gland atrophy. Males were significantly more likely to have gland tortuosity (P = 0.0124, odds ratio 3.36).

Conclusions:
This study reveals a relatively high level of mild meibomian gland atrophy in the pediatric population, though moderate-severe gland atrophy was also present in this young population. This calls into question our current understanding of baseline gland architecture and suggests that perhaps clinicians should be examining young patients for meibomian gland atrophy and dysfunction because it may have implications for future development of dry eye disease.
The Effect of Pancreatic Juice Collection Time on the Detection of KRAS Mutations
Authors: Suenaga Masaya , Dudley Beth , Karloski Eve , Borges Michael , Irene Canto Marcia , Brand Randall E. , Goggins Michael 
Published: December 2017

Objective
Secretin-stimulated pancreatic juice is collected from the duodenum and analyzed to identify biomarkers of pancreatic neoplasia, but the optimal duration of pancreatic juice collection is not known.

Methods
We compared the yield of KRAS mutations detected in pancreatic juice samples aspirated from near the duodenal papilla at 1 to 5, 6 to 10, and 11 to 15 minutes after secretin infusion, and from the third part of the duodenum (at 15 minutes) from 45 patients undergoing endoscopic ultrasound pancreatic surveillance. KRAS mutation concentrations were measured by using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction.

Results
Forty of 45 patients had KRAS mutations detected in their pancreatic juice, and most patients' juice samples had more than 1 KRAS mutation. Of 106 KRAS mutations detected in 171 pancreatic juice samples, 58 were detected in the 5-minute samples, 70 mutations were detected in the 10-minute samples, and 65 were detected in the 15-minute samples. Nine patients who did not have KRAS mutations detected in their 5-minute sample had mutations detected in samples collected at later time points. Ninety-percent of all pancreatic juice mutations detected in any sample were detected in the 5- or 10-minute samples.

Conclusions
Collecting pancreatic juice for 10 minutes after secretin infusion increases the likelihood of detecting pancreatic juice mutations over shorter collections.
Health Literacy and Health Status in People With Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Como June M. 
Published: December 2017

Purpose/Aim:
The aim of this study was to investigate whether health literacy, self-efficacy, and medication adherence can explain or predict the variance in health outcomes (measured as perceived physical or mental health status [HS]) in persons with chronic heart failure (HF).

Design:
A nonexperimental cross-sectional survey study used data gathered from 175 patients with chronic HF from urban cardiology practices in the northeast United States.

Methods:
The Paasche-Orlow and Wolf Causal Pathways conceptual model and Bandura's self-efficacy theory were used to select and test variables in the study. A demographic questionnaire, the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy, the Self-Efficacy for Appropriate Medication Use Scale, the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, and the Short Form-12 version 2 assessing perceived physical and mental HS were completed. Multiple hierarchical regression analyses were used to analyze relationships among the variables.

Results:
Significant associations between health literacy and self-efficacy and between health literacy and perceived mental HS were found (P < .05). High self-efficacy was the strongest predictor of physical HS (P < .01). The strongest predictor of mental HS was medication adherence (P < .01).

Conclusions:
Support of self-efficacy and medication adherence may improve HS. Including health literacy strategies in clinical practice may support improvements in HS in people with chronic HF.
A prediction model of working memory across health and psychiatric disease using whole-brain functional connectivity
Authors: Yamashita Masahiro , Yoshihara Yujiro , Hashimoto Ryuichiro , Yahata Noriaki , Ichikawa Naho , Sakai Yuki , Yamada Takashi , Matsukawa Noriko , Okada Go , Tanaka Saori C. , Kasai Kiyoto , Kato Nobumasa , Okamoto Yasumasma , Seymour Ben , Takahashi Hidehiko , Kawato Mitsuo , Imamizu Hiroshi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIndividual differences in cognitive function have been shown to correlate with brain-wide functional connectivity, suggesting a common foundation relating connectivity to cognitive function across healthy populations. However, it remains unknown whether this relationship is preserved in cognitive deficits seen in a range of psychiatric disorders. Using machine learning methods, we built a prediction model of working memory function from whole-brain functional connectivity among a healthy population (N = 17, age 19-24 years). We applied this normative model to a series of independently collected resting state functional connectivity datasets (N = 968), involving multiple psychiatric diagnoses, sites, ages (18-65 years), and ethnicities. We found that predicted working memory ability was correlated with actually measured working memory performance in both schizophrenia patients (partial correlation, ρ = 0.25, P = 0.033, N = 58) and a healthy population (partial correlation, ρ = 0.11, P = 0.0072, N = 474). Moreover, the model predicted diagnosis-specific severity of working memory impairments in schizophrenia (N = 58, with 60 controls), major depressive disorder (N = 77, with 63 controls), obsessive-compulsive disorder (N = 46, with 50 controls), and autism spectrum disorder (N = 69, with 71 controls) with effect sizes g = −0.68, −0.29, −0.19, and 0.09, respectively. According to the model, each diagnosis’s working memory impairment resulted from the accumulation of distinct functional connectivity differences that characterizes each diagnosis, including both diagnosis-specific and diagnosis-invariant functional connectivity differences. Severe working memory impairment in schizophrenia was related not only with fronto-parietal, but also widespread network changes. Autism spectrum disorder showed greater negative connectivity that related to improved working memory function, suggesting that some non-normative functional connections can be behaviorally advantageous. Our results suggest that the relationship between brain connectivity and working memory function in healthy populations can be generalized across multiple psychiatric diagnoses. This approach may shed new light on behavioral variances in psychiatric disease and suggests that whole-brain functional connectivity can provide an individual quantitative behavioral profile in a range of psychiatric disorders.
Neuronal glutamate transporters control dopaminergic signaling and compulsive behaviors
Authors: Bellini Stefania , Fleming Kelsey E. , De Modhurika , McCauley John P. , Petroccione Maurice A. , D’Brant Lianna Y. , kachenko Artem , Kwon SoYoung , Jones Lindsey A. , Scimemi Annalisa 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThere is an ongoing debate on the contribution of the neuronal glutamate transporter EAAC1 to the onset of compulsive behaviors. Here we use behavioral, electrophysiological, molecular and viral approaches in male and female mice to identify the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which EAAC1 controls the execution of repeated motor behaviors. Our findings show that in the striatum, a brain region implicated with movement execution, EAAC1 limits group I metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluRI) activation, facilitates D1 dopamine receptor (D1R) expression and ensures long-term synaptic plasticity. Blocking mGluRI in slices from mice lacking EAAC1 restores D1R expression and synaptic plasticity. Conversely, activation of intracellular signaling pathways coupled to mGluRI in D1R-expressing striatal neurons of mice expressing EAAC1 leads to reduced D1R expression and increased stereotyped movement execution. These findings identify new molecular mechanisms by which EAAC1 can shape glutamatergic and dopaminergic signals and control repeated movement execution.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTGenetic studies implicate Slc1a1, a gene encoding the neuronal glutamate transporter EAAC1, with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). EAAC1 is abundantly expressed in the striatum, a brain region that is hyperactive in OCD. What remains unknown is how EAAC1 shapes synaptic function in the striatum. Our findings show that EAAC1 limits activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRI) in the striatum and, by doing so, it promotes D1R expression. Targeted activation of signaling cascades coupled to mGluRI in mice expressing EAAC1 reduces D1R expression and triggers repeated motor behaviors in mice. These findings provide new information on the molecular basis of OCD and suggest new avenues for its treatment.
Subthalamic Nucleus Neurons Differentially Encode Early and Late Aspects of Speech Production
Authors: Lipski WJ , Alhourani A , Pirnia T , Jones PW , Dastolfo-Hromack C , Helou LB , Crammond DJ , Shaiman S , Dickey MW , Holt LL , Turner RS , Fiez JA , Richardson RM 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTBasal ganglia-thalamocortical loops mediate all motor behavior, yet little detail is known about the role of basal ganglia nuclei in speech production. Using intracranial recording during deep brain stimulation surgery, we tested the hypothesis that the firing rate of subthalamic nucleus neurons is modulated in response to both planning and motor execution aspects of speech. Nearly half of 79 recorded units exhibited firing rate modulation, during a syllable reading task administered in 12 subjects. Trial-to-trial timing of changes in subthalamic neuronal activity, relative to cue onset versus production onset, revealed that locking to cue presentation was associated more with units that decreased firing rate, while locking to speech onset was associated more with units that increased firing rate. These uniquely acquired data indicate that subthalamic activity is dynamic during the production of speech, reflecting temporally-dependent inhibition and excitation of separate populations of subthalamic neurons.