bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Level set topology optimization of structural problems with interface cohesion
Authors: Behrou Reza , Lawry Matthew , Maute Kurt 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThis paper presents a finite element topology optimization framework for the design of two‐phase structural systems considering contact and cohesion phenomena along the interface. The geometry of the material interface is described by an explicit level set method, and the structural response is predicted by the extended finite element method. In this work, the interface condition is described by a bilinear cohesive zone model on the basis of the traction‐separation constitutive relation. The non‐penetration condition in the presence of compressive interface forces is enforced by a stabilized Lagrange multiplier method. The mechanical model assumes a linear elastic isotropic material, infinitesimal strain theory, and a quasi‐static response. The optimization problem is solved by a nonlinear programming method, and the design sensitivities are computed by the adjoint method. The performance of the presented method is evaluated by 2D and 3D numerical examples. The results obtained from topology optimization reveal distinct design characteristics for the various interface phenomena considered. In addition, 3D examples demonstrate optimal geometries that cannot be fully captured by reduced dimensionality. The optimization framework presented is limited to two‐phase structural systems where the material interface is coincident in the undeformed configuration, and to structural responses that remain valid considering small strain kinematics. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stochastic multiscale analysis in hydrodynamic lubrication
Authors: Waseem A. , Guilleminot J. , Temizer İ. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryA stochastic multiscale analysis framework is developed for hydrodynamic lubrication problems with random surface roughness. The approach is based on a multi‐resolution computational strategy wherein the deterministic solution of the multiscale problem for each random surface realization is achieved through a coarse‐scale analysis with a local upscaling that is achieved through homogenization theory. The stochastic nature of this solution because of the underlying randomness is then characterized through local and global quantities of interest, accompanied by a detailed discussion regarding suitable choices of the numerical parameters in order to achieve a desired stochastic predictive capability while ensuring numerical efficiency. Finally, models of the stochastic interface response are constructed, and their performance is demonstrated for representative problem settings. Overall, the developed approach offers a computational framework, which can essentially predict the significant influence of interface heterogeneity in the absence of a strict scale separation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Blends of polybenzoxazine/poly(acrylic acid): hydrogen bonds and enhanced performances
Authors: Wang Bin , Yang Po , Li Yiqiao , He Yueshan , Zhu Rongqi , Gu Yi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis work focuses on exploring the role of the additional hydrogen bond donor moiety‐containing polymer poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) in the hydrogen bonds and properties of polybenzoxazines. Thorough studies showed that PAA could not only decrease the curing temperature of benzoxazine resin, but also give additional hydrogen bond donors that were beneficial to the hydrogen bonding interactions and performances of polybenzoxazine/PAA blends. As the hydrogen bonds varied, the glass transition temperature and tensile modulus of the polymer blends changed in accordance with the hydrogen bonds. The results revealed that the introduction of the hydrogen bond donor moiety‐containing polymer was beneficial for hydrogen bonding interactions, which could improve the performances of polybenzoxazines. This novel insight is anticipated to be of help to researchers in the development of more polybenzoxazines and polybenzoxazine blends with enhanced properties. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
The Impact of Siblings on the Geographic Distance Between Adult Children and Their Ageing Parents. Does Parental Need Matter?
Authors: van den Broek Thijs , Dykstra Pearl A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractResearch consistently shows that children with siblings live at a greater distance from their parents than do only children. We extend this literature by assessing whether this difference varies as a function of parental need. Multinomial logistic regression analyses of German Ageing Survey data enriched with indicators at the district (Nomenclature of Statistical Territorial Units level three) level (n = 2,028) show that, in general, children with a sibling are less likely than only children to share a household with a parent. We do not find that children with a sibling are more likely than only children to live at great distance, that is, more than 2 hours away, from their parents. The differences between only children and children with siblings in parent–child proximity are most pronounced when parents are coping with severe health limitations. It is well established that only children are more likely than children with siblings to provide support and care to ageing parents. Our findings suggest that, in addition, only children might be more compelled than their counterparts with siblings to adjust their living arrangements in order to facilitate caregiving when parent care needs manifest themselves. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The changing balance of technology and process: A case study on a combined setting of model‐driven development and classical C coding
Authors: Hebig Regina , Derehag Jesper 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe increasing flexibility in industry leads to an ecosystem of change, affecting the balance of processes and technology as well as the developers who have to cope with the change. Furthermore, the change itself might impact the ability to use quantitative methods to learn from previous experience. The goal of this study is to better understand the ecosystem of mutual impacts and changes of process and technologies as well as how developers perceive a technology setting and deal with its change. Therefore, we conducted a case study at Ericsson, performing a series of interviews among 6 employees (senior developers and architects). We identified a time line of changes that happened over 7 years. A set of observations about the relation between processes and tooling, and observations about developer's perceptions of the technology settings, and their strategy to deal with these changing technology settings. We discuss how the observed change impacts the ability to perform quantitative evaluations of technology and processes. The findings show that a bad choice of technologies can lead to unexpected impact on team dynamics. Furthermore, change happens so regular that it needs to be considered when collecting data for a quantitative evaluation of, eg, productivity.
Influence of vegetation type and prescribed fire on Peromyscus abundance in a longleaf pine ecosystem
Authors: Sasmal Indrani , Deperno Christopher S. , Swingen Morgan B. , Moorman Christopher E. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTPrescribed fire temporarily can alter food and cover resources for ground‐dwelling wildlife, potentially leading to changes in animal abundance. Small mammals are an important ecosystem component in many terrestrial communities and depend on ground‐level vegetation most commonly affected by prescribed fire. In this complex system of food and cover availability where easier access to food might compromise cover, and vice versa, it is imperative to study postfire habitat use by mice and other ground‐dwelling wildlife. We evaluated effects of time since burn and vegetation type on Peromyscus spp. abundance in a longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) ecosystem in Fort Bragg Military Installation, North Carolina, USA, during 2011 and 2012. We trapped in 5 vegetation types and captured 208 individual Peromyscus. Peromyscus abundance did not differ among 1, 2, and 3 years postburn upland pine vegetation types, although we noted a trend of decreasing abundance as time since burn increased; however, abundance was greater in the lowland hardwood vegetation type than in open areas (i.e., military drop zones). The lack of an effect of time since burn could be due to the short fire‐return interval at the study site, which limited the time for postburn shifts in the composition of the understory from herbaceous to woody plant species. Therefore, we suggest future research in the longleaf pine ecosystem incorporate a wider time frame to assess short‐ and long‐term effects of fire on small mammal populations. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
SynBioEcoli: a comprehensive metabolism network of engineered E. coli in three dimensional visualization
Authors: Tu Weizhong , Ding Shaozhen , Wu Ling , Deng Zhe , Zhu Hui , Xu Xiaotong , Lin Chen , Ye Chaonan , Han Minlu , Zhao Mengna , Liu Juan , Deng Zixin , Chen Junni , Wei Dong‐Qing , Hu Qian‐Nan 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundA comprehensive metabolism network of engineered E. coli is very important in systems biology and metabolomics studies. Many tools focus on two‐dimensional space to display pathways in metabolic network. However, the usage of three‐dimensional visualization may help to understand better the intricate topology of metabolic and regulatory networks.MethodsWe manually curated large amount of experimental data (including pathways, reactions and metabolites) from literature related with different types of engineered E. coli and then utilized a novel technology of three dimensional visualization to develop a comprehensive metabolic network named SynBioEcoli.ResultsSynBioEoli contains 740 biosynthetic pathways, 3,889 metabolic reactions, 2,255 chemical compoundsmanually curated from about 11,000 metabolism publications related with different types of engineered E. coli. Furthermore, SynBioEcoli integrates with various informatics techniques.ConclusionsSynBioEcoli could be regarded as a comprehensive knowledgebase of engineered E. coli and represents the next generation cellular metabolism network visualization technology. It could be accessed via web browsers (such as Google Chrome) supporting WebGL, at http://www.rxnfinder.org/synbioecoli/.
Visualization of phage DNA degradation by a type I CRISPR‐Cas system at the single‐cell level
Authors: Guan Jingwen , Shi Xu , Burgos Roberto , Zeng Lanying 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundThe CRISPR‐Cas system is a widespread prokaryotic defense system which targets and cleaves invasive nucleic acids, such as plasmids or viruses. So far, a great number of studies have focused on the components and mechanisms of this system, however, a direct visualization of CRISPR‐Cas degrading invading DNA in real‐time has not yet been studied at the single‐cell level.MethodsIn this study, we fluorescently label phage lambda DNA in vivo, and track the labeled DNA over time to characterize DNA degradation at the single‐cell level.ResultsAt the bulk level, the lysogenization frequency of cells harboring CRISPR plasmids decreases significantly compared to cells with a non‐CRISPR control. At the single‐cell level, host cells with CRISPR activity are unperturbed by phage infection, maintaining normal growth like uninfected cells, where the efficiency of our anti‐lambda CRISPR system is around 26%. During the course of time‐lapse movies, the average fluorescence of invasive phage DNA in cells with CRISPR activity, decays more rapidly compared to cells without, and phage DNA is fully degraded by around 44 minutes on average. Moreover, the degradation appears to be independent of cell size or the phage DNA ejection site suggesting that Cas proteins are dispersed in sufficient quantities throughout the cell.ConclusionsWith the CRISPR‐Cas visualization system we developed, we are able to examine and characterize how a CRISPR system degrades invading phage DNA at the single‐cell level. This work provides direct evidence and improves the current understanding on how CRISPR breaks down invading DNA.
Focal gigantism in tuberous sclerosis
Authors: Bhatkar Sanat , Takkar Aastha 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA 38 year lady had recurrent generalized and myoclonic seizures since 6 years of age. On examination she had facial adenoma sebaceum and periungal fibromas, cutaneous angiofibromas on the back. Contrast enhanced magnetic Resonance Imaging of brain was suggestive of multiple cortical tubers with sub ependymal nodules consistent with the diagnosis of Tuberous sclerosis. Focal hypertrophy of the skin of the dorsal aspect of the left hand with focal gigantism was noted.
Genetic epistasis regulates amyloid deposition in resilient aging
Authors: Felsky Daniel , Xu Jishu , Chibnik Lori B. , Schneider Julie A. , Knight Jo , Kennedy James L. , Bennett David A. , De Jager Philip L. , Voineskos Aristotle N. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) interacts with important genetic Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk factors. Specifically, variants within the SORL1 gene determine BDNF's ability to reduce amyloid β (Aβ) in vitro. We sought to test whether functional BDNF variation interacts with SORL1 genotypes to influence expression and downstream AD‐related processes in humans.MethodsWe analyzed postmortem brain RNA sequencing and neuropathological data for 441 subjects from the Religious Orders Study/Memory and Aging Project and molecular and structural neuroimaging data for 1285 subjects from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative.ResultsWe found one SORL1 RNA transcript strongly regulated by SORL1‐BDNF interactions in elderly without pathological AD and showing stronger associations with diffuse than neuritic Aβ plaques. The same SORL1‐BDNF interactions also significantly influenced Aβ load as measured with [18F]Florbetapir positron emission tomography.DiscussionOur results bridge the gap between risk and resilience factors for AD, demonstrating interdependent roles of established SORL1 and BDNF functional genotypes.
Age Is Just a Number: WPATH-Affiliated Surgeons' Experiences and Attitudes Toward Vaginoplasty in Transgender Females Under 18 Years of Age in the United States
Authors: Milrod Christine , Karasic Dan H. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Background
A rising number of female-affirmed transgender adolescents are being treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues and subsequently cross-sex hormones at early or mid-puberty, with vaginoplasty as the presumed final step in their physical transition. But, despite the minimum age of 18 years defining eligibility to undergo this irreversible procedure, anecdotal reports have shown that vaginoplasties are being performed on minors by surgeons in the United States, thereby contravening the World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) standards of care (SOC).

Aim
To explore surgeons' attitudes toward ethical guidelines in the SOC; any professional experiences of performing vaginoplasty on transgender minors; views of surgical risks, benefits, and harm reduction measures; and perceptions of future challenges and concerns in this area of surgical practice.

Methods
A qualitative semistructured interview approach was used to collect data from 13 male and 7 female surgeons who perform transgender vaginoplasty in the United States.

Outcomes
Professional experiences and attitudes toward vaginoplasty in transgender minors were analyzed using the constant comparative method applied to 20 individual interview transcripts.

Results
While there was close agreement concerning surgical techniques, proper patient selection, and predictive elements of postoperative success, attitudes toward the SOC and the reliance on the guidelines varied. The sole practitioner model is gradually giving way to a more holistic team approach, with patient responsibility dispersed among different professionals. Different approaches to surgical training, professional standards, and fellowship programs were suggested. Several participants expressed a need for centralized data collection, patient tracking, and increased involvement of the WPATH as a sponsor of studies in this emergent population.

Clinical Implications
Drawing on surgeons' attitudes and experiences is essential for the development of standards and practices. A more precise and transparent view of this surgical procedure will be essential in contributing to the updated version 8 of the WPATH SOC.

Strengths and Limitations
The abundant data elicited from the interviews address several meaningful research questions, most importantly patient selection criteria, surgical methods, and issues critical to the future of the profession. Nevertheless, the limited sample might not be representative of the surgical cadre at large, particularly when exploring experiences and attitudes toward vaginoplasty in minors. A larger participant pool representing WPATH-affiliated surgeons outside the United States would improve the generalizability of the study.

Conclusion
Taken together, the study and its findings make a significant contribution to the planned revision of the WPATH SOC.
Nasal septum suture combined with inferior turbinate coblation after septoplasty: Does it improve quality of life and reduce complications?
Authors: Li Hui , Wang Min , Wu Yu‐Xiao , Wang Szuchi , Xing Zhi‐Min 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveNasal packing is routinely applied after septoplasty. Patients, however, report feeling very uncomfortable while the packing is in place. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of nasal septum suture combined with inferior turbinate coblation to the effects of nasal packing after septoplasty.MethodsIn this study, 135 patients undergoing septoplasty were divided into 3 groups: group 1 patients had microdebrider with packing, group 2 received coblation with packing and group 3 had coblation with suture. Early postoperative quality of life and complications were compared between the 3 groups.ResultsThe patients in group 1 experienced the most postoperative nasal pain, headache, dysphagia, sleep disturbance and bleeding on the night of surgery; while the patients in group 3 experienced the fewest symptoms. No difference in epiphora was observed between the 3 groups. More pain and bleeding were experienced when comparing the pack removal (Group 1 and 2) with the clearance of the nasal cavity (Group 3). We noted one case of postoperative bleeding in group 1, one septal hematoma in group 1 and a second septal hematoma in group 2. No such postoperative complications were found in group 3.ConclusionNasal septum suture combined with inferior turbinate coblation was not only associated with less pain, increased patient satisfaction and an improved quality of life; but also reduced postoperative complications. Our results confirm that it is a more comfortable, reliable alternative to the more common nasal packing.
Global existence for the Vlasov-Poisson equation in 3 space variables with small initial data
Authors: Degond P. , Bardos C. 
Published: March 2017

In this paper we consider the Vlasov Poisson equation in three space variables in the whole space. We show the existence of dispersion property. With this dispersion property we are able to prove the existence of a smooth solution for all times under the following assumption: the initial data are localised and small enough.

Résumé
On considère l’équation de Vlasov Poisson en dimension 3, dans l’espace entier. On dégage une propriété de dispersion. L’utilisation de cette propriété permet de prouver l’existence d’une solution régulière pour tout temps, pourvu que les données initiales soient localisées et assez petites.
The Dirichlet problem for harmonic maps from the disk into the euclidean n-sphere
Authors: Benci V. , Coron J.M. 
Published: March 2017

Let

Ω = \{(x,\:y) \in ℝ^{2}|x^{2} + y^{2} < 1\}, \quad \mathrm{S}^{n} = \{v \in ℝ^{n + 1}|\:|v| = 1\} \quad (n ⩾ 2),

and let

γ \in C^{2,δ}(∂Ω; \mathrm{S}^{n})

. We study the following problem

\tag{$\ast$}
\begin{cases}
u \in \mathrm{C}^{2}(Ω;\mathrm{S}^{n})\: \cap \mathrm{C}^{0}(\overline{Ω};\mathrm{S}^{n})\\
−Δu = u|\left.\nabla u|\right.^{2}\\
u = \gamma \:\:\text{on}\:\:∂Ω.
\end{cases}

Problem (

\ast

) is the « Dirichlet » problem for a harmonic function

u

which takes its values in

S^n

. We prove that, if

γ

is not constant, then (

\ast

) has at least two distinct solutions.

Résumé

Soit

γ

une application du bord d’un disque de

ℝ^{2}

à valeurs dans une sphère euclidienne de dimension

n

. On montre que, si

γ

n’est pas une application constante, il existe au moins deux applications harmoniques du disque dans la sphère égales à

γ

sur le bord du disque.
Adjoint differential inclusions in necessary conditions for the minimal trajectories of differential inclusions
Authors: Frankowska H. 
Published: March 2017

We define an adequate concept of « derivative » of a set valued map and of its transpose for constructing the « adjoint inclusions » associated to a trajectory of a differential inclusion minimizing a functional. This result can be applied to the optimal control problem with non smooth data, in finite or infinite horizon.

Résumé
On définit une notion convenable de « différentielle » d’une correspondance et de sa transposée pour construire les inclusions adjointes associées aux trajectoires d’une inclusion différentielle minimisant une fonctionnelle. Ce résultat s’applique au problème de contrôle optimal avec des données non régulières en horizon fini ou infini.
Radially symmetric cavitation for hyperelastic materials
Authors: Stuart C.A. 
Published: March 2017

The question of radially symmetric cavitation for a ball of hyperelastic material is considered. It reduces to a non-linear boundary value problem for a singular second order differential equation. For a broad class of stored-energy densities, the shooting method is used to determine whether or not cayitation occurs under various conditions on the boundary of the ball.

Résumé
On considère la question de cavitation avec symétrie radiale d’une boule d’un milieu hyperélastique. Elle est ramenée à un problème aux limites non-linéaire pour une équation différentielle singulière du deuxième ordre. Pour une grande classe de densités d’énergie, la méthode du tir permet de déterminer si oui ou non il y aura cavitation sous des conditions diverses sur le bord de la boule.
Conservation laws for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Gutkin Eugène 
Published: March 2017

We propose a method of calculating the operator densities

\hat h_{n}\:n = 0,1,\ldots

of the conservation laws for the quantum nonlinear Schrödinger equation. It follows from the method that

\hat h_{n}

are polynomials in fields and their derivatives and in the coupling constant. The densities

\hat h_{n}\:n \leq 4

are explicitly calculated. Comparison with the integral densities

b_n = 0, 1,\ldots

for the classical nonlinear Schrödinger equation shows that the correspondence between

\hat h_{n}

and

b_n

breaks down after

n = 3

.

Résumé

On propose une méthode pour calculer les densités opératoires

\hat h_{n}\:n = 0,1,\ldots

pour les intégrales de l’équation de Schrödinger non linéaire quantique. Il s’ensuit que les

\hat h_{n}

sont des fonctions polynomiales des champs, de leurs dérivées et de la constante de couplage. Les densités

\hat h_{n}\:n \leq 4

, sont calculées explicitement. En les comparant avec les densités intégrales

b_n = 0, 1,\ldots

pour l’équation de Schrödinger non linéaire classique, on voit que la correspondance entre

b_n

et

\hat h_{n}

n’est plus valable pour

n> 3

.