bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protesting Youth
Authors: van Stekelenburg Jacquelien , Klandermans Bert 
Published: December 2017

Abstract. “Twitter protests” and “Facebook revolutions” imbue the coverage of contentious politics in news media and academic outlets alike. As long as such protests are not compared to conventional mobilized events it is hard to ascertain the supposed differences between connective and collective action. We report a study that does just that: we examine if it makes a difference whether people are recruited through self-organized rather than organization-centered routes. We surveyed participants and nonparticipants in both actions (N = 319), asking who participated in the respective action, how they were mobilized, and why they participated. Results reveal that in some ways the recruitment route does make a difference, while in others it doesn’t. Recruits of connective action were lower educated, felt politically efficacious, and mainly mobilized via informal (virtual) mobilizing channels, while recruits of collective action were highly educated, politically interested, and mainly mobilized via formal mobilizing channels. Social embeddedness played a crucial role in both campaigns, but more so in self-organized actions: approving networks increase the chances of being asked, influenced, and motivated by significant others, while disapproving milieus decrease the chance of being asked, influenced, and motivated by others. Approving networks thus expand informal mobilization, the more so for self-organized connective action.
MicroRNA-365 regulates IL-1β-induced catabolic factor expression by targeting HIF-2α in primary chondrocytes
Authors: Hwang Hyun Sook , Park Su Jin , Lee Mi Hyun , Kim Hyun Ah 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEndothelial Per-Arnt-Sim domain protein-1/hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (EPAS-1/ HIF-2α) is a catabolic transcription factor that regulates osteoarthritis (OA)-related cartilage destruction. Here, we examined whether microRNA-365 (miR-365) affects interleukin (IL)-1β-induced expression of catabolic factors in chondrocytes via regulation of HIF-2α. MiR-365 levels were significantly decreased in human OA cartilage relative to normal cartilage. Overexpression of miR-365 significantly suppressed IL-1β-induced expression of HIF-2α in human articular chondrocytes. Pharmacological inhibition of various IL-1β-associated signaling pathways revealed mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-κB as the primary pathways driving IL-1β-mediated decreases in miR-365 and subsequent increase in HIF-2α expression. Using a luciferase reporter assay encoding the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of human HIF-2α mRNA, we showed that overexpression of miR-365 significantly suppressed IL-1β-induced up-regulation of HIF-2α. AGO2 RNA-immunoprecipitation (IP) assay demonstrated that miR-365 and HIF-2α mRNA were enriched in the AGO2-IP fraction in miR-365-transfected primary chondrocytes compared to miR-con-transfected cells, indicating that HIF-2α is a target of miR-365. Furthermore, miR-365 overexpression significantly suppressed IL-1β-induced expression of catabolic factors, including cyclooxygenase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-1, -3 and -13, in chondrocytes. In pellet culture of primary chondrocytes miR-365 prevented IL-1β-stimulated extracellular matrix loss and matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression. MiR-365 regulates IL-1β-stimulated catabolic effects in human chondrocytes by modulating HIF-2α expression.
Functional and cooperative stabilization of a two-metal (Ca, Zn) center in α-amylase derived from Flavobacteriaceae species
Authors: Yin Huijia , Yang Zhou , Nie Xinyu , Li Shannan , Sun Xuyang , Gao Chao , Wang Zenghang , Zhou Guangming , Xu Ping , Yang Chunyu 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMesophilic α-amylase from Flavobacteriaceae (FSA) is evolutionary closely related to thermophilic archaeal Pyrococcus furiosus α-amylase (PWA), but lacks the high thermostability, despite the conservation of most residues involved in the two-metal (Ca, Zn) binding center of PWA. In this study, a disulfide bond was introduced near the two-metal binding center of FSA (designated mutant EH-CC) and this modification resulted in a slight improvement in thermostability. As expected, E204G mutations in FSA and EH-CC led to the recovery of Ca2+-binding site. Interestingly, both Ca2+- and Zn2+-dependent thermostability were significantly enhanced; 153.1% or 50.8% activities was retained after a 30-min incubation period at 50 °C, in the presence of Ca2+ or Zn2+. The C214S mutation, which affects Zn2+-binding, also remarkably enhanced Zn2+- and Ca2+- dependent thermostability, indicating that Ca2+- and Zn2+-binding sites function cooperatively to maintain protein stability. Furthermore, an isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) analysis revealed a novel Zn2+-binding site in mutant EH-CC-E204G. This metal ion cooperation provides a possible method for the generation of α-amylases with desired thermal properties by in silico rational design and systems engineering, to generate a Zn2+-binding site adjacent to the conserved Ca2+-binding site.
Interleukin-33 modulates inflammation in endometriosis
Authors: Miller Jessica E. , Monsanto Stephany P. , Ahn Soo Hyun , Khalaj Kasra , Fazleabas Asgerally T. , Young Steven L. , Lessey Bruce A. , Koti Madhuri , Tayade Chandrakant 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEndometriosis is a debilitating condition that is categorized by the abnormal growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. Although the pathogenesis of this disease remains unknown, it is well established that endometriosis patients exhibit immune dysfunction. Interleukin (IL)-33 is a danger signal that is a critical regulator of chronic inflammation. Although plasma and peritoneal fluid levels of IL-33 have been associated with deep infiltrating endometriosis, its contribution to the disease pathophysiology is unknown. We investigated the role of IL-33 in the pathology of endometriosis using patient samples, cell lines and a syngeneic mouse model. We found that endometriotic lesions produce significantly higher levels of IL-33 compared to the endometrium of healthy, fertile controls. In vitro stimulation of endometrial epithelial, endothelial and endometriotic epithelial cells with IL-33 led to the production of pro-inflammatory and angiogenic cytokines. In a syngeneic mouse model of endometriosis, IL-33 injections caused systemic inflammation, which manifested as an increase in plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to control mice. Furthermore, endometriotic lesions from IL-33 treated mice were highly vascularized and exhibited increased proliferation. Collectively, we provide convincing evidence that IL-33 perpetuates inflammation, angiogenesis and lesion proliferation, which are critical events in the lesion survival and progression of endometriosis.
Involvement of Innate Immune System in Late Stages of Inherited Photoreceptor Degeneration
Authors: Sudharsan Raghavi , Beiting Daniel P. , Aguirre Gustavo D. , Beltran William A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRetinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of inherited retinal degenerations that lead to progressive vision loss. Many mutations in 60 different genes have been shown to cause RP. Given the diversity of genes and mutations that cause RP, corrective gene therapy approaches currently in development may prove both time-consuming and cost-prohibitive for treatment of all forms of RP. An alternative approach is to find common biological pathways that cause retinal degeneration in various forms of RP, and identify new molecular targets. With this goal, we analyzed the retinal transcriptome of two non-allelic forms of RP in dogs, rcd1 and xlpra2, at clinically relevant advanced stages of the two diseases. Both diseases showed very similar trends in changes in gene expression compared to control normal dogs. Pathway analysis revealed upregulation of various components of the innate immune system in both diseases, including inflammasome and complement pathways. Our results show that the retinal transcriptome at advanced stages of RP is very similar to that of other retinal degenerative diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. Thus, drugs and therapeutics already in development for targeting these retinopathies may also prove useful for the treatment of many forms of RP.
Functional characterization of a type 2 metallothionein gene, SsMT2, from alkaline-tolerant Suaeda salsa
Authors: Jin Shumei , Xu Chang , Li Guoliang , Sun Dan , Li Ying , Wang Xinwang , Liu Shenkui 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA type 2 metallothionein gene, SsMT2, was cloned from Suaeda salsa, a salt- and alkali-tolerant plant, which is dominant species on the saline/alkali soil of northeast China. The SsMT2 gene was expressed in all organs except the flower and its expression was induced by various stresses such as CdCl2, NaCl, NaHCO3, and H2O2 treatments. SsMT2-transgenic yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and plants (Arabidopsis thaliana) showed significantly increased resistance to metal, salt and oxidant stresses. These transgenics accumulated more Cd2+, but less Na+ than their wild type counterparts. SsMT2 transgenic Arabidopsis maintained lower level of H2O2 than wild type plants did in response to the stress treatments. These results demonstrated that the SsMT2 gene plays an important role in reactive oxygen species scavenging and confers enhanced metal and oxidant tolerance to plants.
Delivering Bad News: Attitudes, Feelings, and Practice Characteristics Among Speech-Language Pathologists
Authors: Gold Rinat , Gold Azgad 
Published: December 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the attitudes, feelings, and practice characteristics of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in Israel regarding the subject of delivering bad news.MethodOne hundred and seventy-three Israeli SLPs answered an online survey. Respondents represented SLPs in Israel in all stages of vocational experience, with varying academic degrees, from a variety of employment settings. The survey addressed emotions involved in the process of delivering bad news, training on this subject, and background information of the respondents.Frequency distributions of the responses of the participants were determined, and Pearson correlations were computed to determine the relation between years of occupational experience and the following variables: frequency of delivering bad news, opinions regarding training, and emotions experienced during the process of bad news delivery.ResultsOur survey showed that bad news delivery is a task that most participants are confronted with from the very beginning of their careers. Participants regarded training in the subject of delivering bad news as important but, at the same time, reported receiving relatively little training on this subject. In addition, our survey showed that negative emotions are involved in the process of delivering bad news.ConclusionsTraining SLPs on specific techniques is required for successfully delivering bad news. The emotional burden associated with breaking bad news in the field of speech-language pathology should be noticed and addressed.
Cyclopropyl- and Cyclobutylboronates and -silanes: A Stereo­selective Approach
Authors: Tortosa Mariola , Martín-Heras Víctor , Parra Alejandro 
Published: December 2017

Chiral cyclopropyl- and cyclobutylboronic esters and -silanes have become attractive intermediates for the preparation of functionalized small rings. This review highlights the stereoselective methods developed for their preparation, including both diastereo- and enantio­selective approaches.1	Introduction2	Stereoselective Synthesis of Cyclopropyl- and Cyclobutylboronates and -silanes2.1	Diastereoselective Synthesis of Cyclopropyl- and Cyclobutylboronates and -silanes2.2	Asymmetric Synthesis of Cyclopropyl- and Cyclobutylboronates and -silanes3	Conclusions
tert-Butyl Nitrite (TBN) as a Versatile Reagent in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Jia Xiaodong , Li Pengfei 
Published: December 2017

tert-Butyl nitrite (TBN) is an important metal-free reagent that is widely applied in various organic transformations. Besides its traditional applications in nitrosation and diazotization, its ability to activate molecular oxygen to enable the initiation of radical reactions, including nitration, oximation, oxidation, and so on, has attracted extensively attention in the past decade. This review highlights recent advances in this field to promote further exploration of this versatile compound.1	Introduction2	Reactions Involving TBN2.1	Nitrosation2.2	Oximation2.3	Diazotization2.4	Nitration2.5	Oxidation2.6	Other Reactions3	Conclusion and Perspective
Recent Advances in Nickel Catalysis Enabled by Stoichiometric Metallic Reducing Agents
Authors: Richmond Edward , Moran Joseph 
Published: December 2017

This short review describes recent advances in the field of nickel catalysis, specifically transformations employing stable Ni(II) precatalysts that are activated in situ with the use of stoichiometric metallic reducing agents. The article seeks to summarise the field, highlighting key studies and discussing mechanistic facets. The review closes with an eye on future directions in redox-enabled nickel catalysis.1	Introduction2	Nickel Catalysis Enabled by Metallic Reducing Agents3	Reductive Cross-Coupling4	Reductive Carboxylation and Acylation-type reactions5	Miscellaneous Reactivity6	Perspectives and Future Directions
The Role of Palliative Care in Oncology
Authors: Agarwal Rajiv , Epstein Andrew 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPalliative care is a powerful adjunct to oncology that adds distinct value to the physical, mental, and psychosocial well-being of patients living with cancer. Its expanding role and integration with standard oncologic care has proven clinical benefit, as the practice of palliative care can help alleviate symptom burden, enhance illness and prognostic understanding, and improve both the quality of life and overall survival for patients. The primary aim of this review article is to highlight the significant interplay between palliative care and oncology and, in doing so, shed light on the areas for improvement and modern challenges that exist to meet the complex palliative care needs of patients with cancer.
Incorporating Quality of Life Metrics in Interventional Oncology Practice
Authors: Li David , Madoff David 
Published: December 2017

AbstractInterventional radiologists care for a large number of cancer patients with the breadth of palliative intent minimally invasive procedures that we provide. Understanding our meaningful impact on patients' quality of life is essential toward validating our role in the palliation of cancer patients. As such, it is critically important for interventional radiologists to understand common instruments used for the reporting of patient's quality of life measures. Common instruments used to measure pain and quality of life for cancer patients include the numerical rating scale, visual analog scale, brief pain inventory, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire, and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy. An ideal quality of life instrument should be a patient reported outcome measure across multiple domains (e.g., physical health, psychological, social), and be both validated and reliable.
Biliary Obstruction: Endoscopic Approaches
Authors: DaVee Tomas , Lee Jeffrey 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPainless jaundice is a harbinger of malignant biliary obstruction, with the majority of cases due to pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Despite advances in treatment, including improved surgical techniques and neoadjuvant (preoperative) chemotherapy, long-term survival from pancreatic cancer is rare. This lack of significant improvement in outcomes is believed to be due to multiple reasons, including the advanced stage at diagnosis and lack of an adequate biomarker for screening and early detection, prior to the onset of jaundice or epigastric pain. Close attention is required to select appropriate patients for preoperative biliary decompression, and to prevent morbid complications from biliary drainage procedures, such as pancreatitis and cholangitis. Use of small caliber plastic biliary stents during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography should be minimized, as metal stents have increased area for improved bile flow and a reduced risk of adverse events during neoadjuvant therapy. Efforts are underway by translational scientists, radiologists, oncologists, surgeons, and gastroenterologists to augment lifespan for our patients and to more readily treat this deadly disease. In this review, the authors discuss the rationale and techniques of endoscopic biliary intervention, mainly focusing on malignant biliary obstruction by pancreatic cancer.
Congenital Intracerebral Pial Arteriovenous Fistula: A Case Report
Authors: Xin Shun-Bao , Wang Guang-Bin , Liu Wen-Juan , Liu Qiang 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPial arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is an extremely rare intracranial vascular lesion. The pediatric type of AVF has a high percentage of varix, leading to mass effect with symptoms. We report a 12-year-old boy who was admitted due to sudden confusion and urinary incontinence. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) confirmed the diagnosis of congenital pial AVF. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) revealed the lesion originating from the left middle cerebral artery and draining into the superior sagittal sinus. The AVF was successfully obliterated with six microcoils and 2.5-mL ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer using a middle cerebral artery approach. This patient was discharged without neurologic deficits. The AVF became smaller and ultimately disappeared on the DSA and MRA at follow-up.
Celiac Plexus Block and Neurolysis in the Management of Chronic Upper Abdominal Pain
Authors: Cornman-Homonoff Joshua , Holzwanger Daniel , Lee Kyungmouk , Madoff David , Li David 
Published: December 2017

AbstractChronic upper abdominal pain occurs as a complication of various malignant and benign diseases including pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis, and when present may contribute to lower quality of life and higher mortality. Though various pain management strategies are available as part of a multimodal approach, they are often incompletely effective and accompanied by side effects. Pain originating in upper abdominal viscera is transmitted through the celiac plexus, which is an autonomic plexus located in the retroperitoneum at the root of the celiac trunk. Direct intervention at the level of the plexus, referred to as celiac plexus block or neurolysis depending on the injectate, is a minimally invasive therapeutic strategy which has been demonstrated to decrease pain, improve function, and reduce opiate dependence. Various percutaneous techniques have been reported, but, with appropriate preprocedural planning, use of image guidance (usually computed tomography), and postprocedural care, the frequency and severity of complications is low and the success rate high regardless of approach. The main benefit of the intervention may be in reduced opiate dependence and opiate-associated side effects, which in turn improves quality of life. Celiac plexus block and neurolysis are safe and effective treatments for chronic upper abdominal pain and should be considered early in patients experiencing such symptoms.
Epigenetic Regulation of the Nitric Oxide Pathway, 17-α Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate, and Recurrent Preterm Birth
Authors: Smeester Lisa , Martin Elizabeth , Tomlinson Martha , Smith Christina , Varner Michael , Fry Rebecca , Manuck Tracy 
Published: December 2017

Objective We sought to evaluate nitric oxide pathway placental gene expression and the epigenome (CpG methylation) among women receiving 17-α hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-OHPC) with and without recurrent preterm birth (PTB).
Study Design This was a case–control study. We prospectively recruited women with ≥ 1 prior singleton spontaneous PTB <34 weeks receiving 17-OHPC. DNA and RNA were isolated from placentas. RNA abundance (gene expression) and the methylome were analyzed for 84 genes in nitric oxide pathways. Women with recurrent PTB <34 weeks (cases) were compared with those delivering at term (controls). Statistical analysis included multivariable models with Bonferroni's corrected p-values.
Results In this study, 17 women met inclusion criteria; 7 preterm cases (delivered at 22.6 ± 2.9 weeks) and 10 term controls (delivered at 38.5 ± 0.8 weeks). Groups had similar PTB history, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic risk factors for PTB. Twenty-seven nitric oxide genes displayed differential expression (p < 0.05 and q < 0.10) when comparing placentas from preterm cases and term controls; all were downregulated in preterm cases. Eight hundred sixty corresponding CpG sites were differentially methylated between the preterm cases and term controls (Bonferroni's p-value <0.05).
Conclusion CpG methylation and gene expression patterns in nitric oxide pathway genes differ among placentas from recurrent PTB compared with term birth following 17-OHPC exposure.
Aromatherapie: wann können ätherische Öle medizinisch eingesetzt werden?
Authors: Steflitsch Wolfgang 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEssential oils (EOs), also known as volatile oils, are concentrated natural plant products which contain volatile aroma compounds. Most EOs are derived by steam distillation, a tradition which can be traced back as many as 5000 years. They possess unique properties which result in various possibilities for application, also in modern medical contexts. Areas for medical aromatherapy include respiratory diseases, pain management or stress alleviation, amongst many others. Different modes of application exist: The rich ingredients can be absorbed by the body by anointment, gentle massage, inhalation, or oral intake of capsules. Also the risks of EO application in medical contexts should be considered, such as rare allergic reactions, overdosing, poor substance quality or overestimation of the effectiveness.
Pulmonary Rehabilitation after Stroke
Authors: Liu Jia , Ren Hui , Yu Yi , Chen Zhihui , Xu Kaiwu 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRespiratory dysfunction is a common complication following a stroke; however, the pulmonary rehabilitation of stroke patients has not been heavily emphasized until recently. PUBMED databases were searched systematically (since inception to December 2016) using the following search terms: “stroke” in Title/Abstract and “pulmonary rehabilitation” in all field. Articles published in a language other than English excluded. The original search yielded 404 articles, of which 57 articles were included in this systematic review. After a stroke, the respiratory center and related motor pathways can directly decrease respiratory muscle strength and subsequently induce a change in breathing patterns. As a result, pneumonia, pulmonary ventilation disorders, lung injury, lung ischemia reperfusion injury, decreased pulmonary compliance, abnormal posture, and obstructive sleep apnea can occur following a stroke. Thus, pulmonary rehabilitation is critical to reducing these complications. The main forms of pulmonary rehabilitation include exercise training, respiratory muscle training, oxygen therapy, noninvasive ventilation, nutrition support, social psychological support, and health education.Although pulmonary rehabilitation has become a definitive therapy of chronic respiratory diseases, the mechanisms of pulmonary rehabilitation, including the specific methods used for stroke patients requires further investigation. To provide some useful information for clinicians on treating respiratory dysfunction, we reviewed the type of stroke-related respiratory dysfunction and pulmonary rehabilitation methods in our manuscript.