bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who Cares About Nonprofit Reputation: Individual Differences in the Relationship Between Nonprofit Reputation and Charitable Giving
Authors: Peng Shuyang , Bamrick Tierney A. , Kim Mirae 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTOur study examined how individual characteristics shape the way different dimensions of nonprofit reputation impact charitable giving decisions. We used data from a 2 × 2 × 2 full factorial survey experiment and operationalized reputation in three dimensions: financial efficiency, media visibility, and accreditation status. First, our findings show that information about high financial efficiency leads to increased donations from individuals who are older, White, or have higher levels of education, but fewer donations from individuals who are more religious or employed in the nonprofit sector. Second, information about accreditation status tends to drive more donations from older individuals but fewer donations from those who are more religious or conservative. The results underscore the significant role of individual differences in explaining the effects of nonprofit reputation on charitable giving decisions. Moreover, our study offers practical insights into how information regarding nonprofit reputation can be strategically utilized to solicit donations and educate donors.
The socio‐cultural contexts shaping health‐seeking behaviours among community members regarding childhood cancer in Tanzania: A qualitative study
Authors: Sanga Erica Samson , Mbata Doris D. , Msoka Elizabeth Francis , Mchome Zaina , Karia Francis P. , Pollak Kathryn I. , Robles Joanna M. , Schroeder Kristin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundTimely diagnosis of childhood cancer, early hospital presentation and completion of treatment significantly improve outcomes. Unfortunately, in Tanzania, thousands of children die of cancer each year without ever being diagnosed or treated. To reduce childhood death from cancer, it is important to understand the social‐cultural context, values and beliefs that influence healthcare‐seeking behaviours among the Tanzanian community.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional qualitative study conducted in Mwanza, Kilimanjaro and Dar‐es‐Salaam regions between March and June 2021. We purposively selected community members aged ≥18 years from three rural and three urban settings to participate in seven focus group discussions (each with eight to 12 respondents). The participants were from communities without any affiliation to the treatment of children with cancer or treatment facilities. We transcribed, coded and analyzed data using a thematic‐content approach with the support of NVIVO 12 software.ResultsMany had heard of breast or cervical cancer; however, most were unaware of childhood cancer. Adults believe that cancer in children is caused by witchcraft and cannot be cured by modern medicines available at hospitals. These beliefs lead parents to first seek care from traditional healers, which hence delay presentation to the hospital. Other community concerns included the cost of transportation, investigation‐related costs, and the long duration of treatment. These have an influence on treatment adherence leading to seeking alternative treatment, such as spiritual or traditional treatment.ConclusionLow community awareness, late hospital presentation, and treatment abandonment remain a challenge in childhood cancer in most parts of Tanzania. Belief about childhood cancer being a result of witchcraft and superstition contributes to limited health‐seeking behaviours. Cultural and contextually relevant awareness campaign interventions are needed to increase cancer knowledge in Tanzanian communities.
Effect of glass fiber and polyester thickness on the ballistic velocity limit of glass fiber reinforced plastics
Authors: Lei Di , Wang Jie , Qiao Yakun , Nie Shuyan , Wei Zhen , Gong Liangfei , Wang Jianmin , Liu Zhanfang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGlass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRPs) is a key material for the outer protecting layer of ships as well as for energy storage tanks. Its ballistic and blast resistance is closely related to the inclusion structure of its glass fiber and polyester matrix, however, the related detailed studies have not been reported. In this paper, ballistic shooting tests and finite element simulations are both employed to investigate the ballistic limit velocities (V50) of GFRPs and reveal the effects of glass fiber layers and the polyester matrix thickness on the V50. The results show that the V50 of GFRPs is essentially linearly related to the thickness of the target plate for a given number of glass fiber layers. An increase in the number of glass fiber layers enhances the overall V50 value of GFRPs, but the linear relationship with the thickness remains unchanged. The target plate with more layers of glass fiber interacts with the projectile for a longer time, resulting in the debonding of the fiber and the resin matrix. The resin around the crater loses its support and then produces irregular cracks. Based on energy conservation, a theoretical model for predicting the V50 of GFRPs with considering the effects of glass fiber and polyester matrix is proposed. After comparing the results of theoretical calculations with experimental and simulation data, the relationship equations between the key parameters (ballistic strength) in the model and the number of fiber layers and target plate thickness are finally given. These findings can provide support for the design of ballistic GFRPs.Highlights
Ballistic velocity limit (V50) of glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRPs) obtained by experiment and finite element simulation
Tuning the V50 of GFRPs by designing the number of glass fiber and polyester thickness.
Proposed a theoretical model for predicting the V50 of GFRPs.
Facile preparation of graphene oxide/Poly (N‐Isopropylacrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) composite thin film and its quartz crystal microbalance humidity sensing property
Authors: Ji Le , Pan Yuran , Cao Zheng , Wang Ruotong , Yang Haicun , Cheng Junfeng , Liu Chunlin , Lu Xiaowang , de Smet Louis C. P. M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe composite microgels were synthesized from N‐Isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and acrylic acid (AA) monomers in the presence of graphene oxide (GO) using an in situ radical copolymerization method. The successful preparation of these composite microgels was investigated through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet visible absorption spectroscopy (UV–vis), and Raman spectroscopy. Due to the hydrophilic properties of GO and the microgels containing oxygenated groups (OH, COOH, and CONH2), quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors can be fabricated by spraying the GO/P(NIPAM‐co‐AA) dispersion onto QCM sensors as sensitive coating materials. The results indicate a notable enhancement in the performance of GO/P(NIPAM‐co‐AA) modified QCM humidity sensor, compared to QCM sensors modified with either GO or P(NIPAM‐co‐AA) microgels alone. This improvement is mainly evidenced by higher sensitivity and reduced moisture hysteresis. The humidity sensing mechanism is based on the combined effect of GO and P(NIPAM‐co‐AA) microgels, which synergistically enhance the sensor's performance. Additionally, the results from water contact angle measurements, laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) show that GO/P(NIPAM‐co‐AA) exhibits greater roughness and stronger hydrophilicity than either GO or P(NIPAM‐co‐AA) microgels alone. These properties make GO/P(NIPAM‐co‐AA) an effective moisture‐sensitive material for QCM sensors.
The phase transition behavior of polybutene in partial melting/polybutene/polypropylene
Authors: Zhu Enci , Hao Ruosong , Liu Zhipeng , Shi Weixuan , Wu Tong , Zhao Shicheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPolybutene (PB) is a typical polymer with various crystal forms: I, II, III, and I′. Among them, the mechanical properties of Form I PB is better but only Form II crystal can be obtained from the melt due to the kinetic advantage and then transform to Form I slowly. While the slow phase transition rate restricts its application. Partial melting is applied to accelerate the phase transition, which was studied by Flash DSC. The results indicated that the phase transition behavior during partial melting shows dependence on the isothermal crystallization temperature and 70 °C is optimal, which can reduce the phase transition time from 20 h to 200 s. As the crystallization temperature determined, stepwise crystallization was used to accelerate the phase transition. The influence of nucleating temperature and time was investigated and the results indicated that 0 °C and 2 s are the best temperature and time, respectively. With stepwise crystallization, the phase transition time was further reduced to 50 s. Moreover, stepwise crystallization can increase the content of Form I crystal from 80.0% to 98.2%. The mechanism of phase transition during partial melting was proposed according to the results, which can supplement the existing phase transition mechanism.
The long‐term impact of Danish vulnerable neighbourhoods in adolescence on employment status in emerging adulthood
Authors: Jakobsen Andreas Lindegaard , Lund Rolf Lyneborg , Agerskov Anna Laura Ridder , Jensen Hanne Louise , Jørgensen Anja 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPrevious studies have linked growing up in vulnerable neighbourhoods to worse health and social outcomes in adulthood but with mixed findings regarding the impact on young people's employment status, and with studies often limited by models that did not optimally distinguish neighbourhood‐ from individual‐ or family‐level effects. The aim of this study was to examine the long‐term associations between living in a vulnerable Danish neighbourhood in adolescence and later employment status in emerging adulthood and to compare the relative importance of the family and neighbourhood contexts. Danish population register data were used to follow 390,574 individuals nested in 301,227 families, which were nested in 7,937 neighbourhoods from age 10–15 in 2009 to age 20–25 in 2019. Three‐level logistic regression models stratified by native and immigrant/descendant status were applied to estimate the general and specific family and neighbourhood contextual effects. The results showed higher general contextual effects attributed to the family context than to neighbourhoods, with vulnerable neighbourhoods explaining only a small part of the neighbourhood variance. After controlling for individual‐ and family‐level covariates, living in a vulnerable neighbourhood in adolescence was associated with a higher risk of not being in education or employment in emerging adulthood for both native Danes and immigrants/descendants. The findings indicate that growing up in a vulnerable neighbourhood may have a long‐term impact on employment status but with a much larger influence attributed to the family context than to adolescents’ neighbourhood context.
Propensity Score Analysis With Baseline and Follow‐Up Measurements of the Outcome Variable
Authors: Austin Peter C. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTA common feature in cohort studies is when there is a baseline measurement of the continuous follow‐up or outcome variable. Common examples include baseline measurements of physiological characteristics such as blood pressure or heart rate in studies where the outcome is post‐baseline measurement of the same variable. Methods incorporating the propensity score are increasingly being used to estimate the effects of treatments using observational studies. We examined six methods for incorporating the baseline value of the follow‐up variable when using propensity score matching or weighting. These methods differed according to whether the baseline value of the follow‐up variable was included or excluded from the propensity score model, whether subsequent regression adjustment was conducted in the matched or weighted sample to adjust for the baseline value of the follow‐up variable, and whether the analysis estimated the effect of treatment on the follow‐up variable or on the change from baseline. We used Monte Carlo simulations with 750 scenarios. While no analytic method had uniformly superior performance, we provide the following recommendations: first, when using weighting and the ATE is the target estimand, use an augmented inverse probability weighted estimator or include the baseline value of the follow‐up variable in the propensity score model and subsequently adjust for the baseline value of the follow‐up variable in a regression model. Second, when the ATT is the target estimand, regardless of whether using weighting or matching, analyze change from baseline using a propensity score that excludes the baseline value of the follow‐up variable.
Stock return predictability and Taylor rules
Authors: Ince Onur , Jiang Lei , Molodtsova Tanya 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper evaluates stock return predictability with inflation and output gap, which typically enter the Federal Reserve Bank's interest rate setting rule. We introduce Taylor rule fundamentals into the Fed model that relates stock returns to earnings and long‐term yields. Using real‐time data from 1970 to 2008, we find evidence that the Fed model with Taylor rule fundamentals performs better in‐sample and out‐of‐sample than the constant return and original Fed models. Economic significance tests indicate that the models with Taylor rule fundamentals consistently produce higher utility gains than the benchmark models. Though the performance of the Taylor rule model weakens when we extend the sample to include the post‐2008 period characterized by prolonged zero lower bound episodes, it still outperforms the benchmark models.
High‐Dimensional Overdispersed Generalized Factor Model With Application to Single‐Cell Sequencing Data Analysis
Authors: Nie Jinyu , Qin Zhilong , Liu Wei 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe current high‐dimensional linear factor models fail to account for the different types of variables, while high‐dimensional nonlinear factor models often overlook the overdispersion present in mixed‐type data. However, overdispersion is prevalent in practical applications, particularly in fields like biomedical and genomics studies. To address this practical demand, we propose an overdispersed generalized factor model (OverGFM) for performing high‐dimensional nonlinear factor analysis on overdispersed mixed‐type data. Our approach incorporates an additional error term to capture the overdispersion that cannot be accounted for by factors alone. However, this introduces significant computational challenges due to the involvement of two high‐dimensional latent random matrices in the nonlinear model. To overcome these challenges, we propose a novel variational EM algorithm that integrates Laplace and Taylor approximations. This algorithm provides iterative explicit solutions for the complex variational parameters and is proven to possess excellent convergence properties. We also develop a criterion based on the singular value ratio to determine the optimal number of factors. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of this criterion. Through comprehensive simulation studies, we show that OverGFM outperforms state‐of‐the‐art methods in terms of estimation accuracy and computational efficiency. Furthermore, we demonstrate the practical merit of our method through its application to two datasets from genomics. To facilitate its usage, we have integrated the implementation of OverGFM into the R package GFM.
Effect of Tumour Necrotic Factor-α, Interleukin-17 and Interleukin-22 on the Expression of Filaggerin-2 and Hornerin: Analysis of a Three-Dimensional Psoriatic Skin Model
Authors: Makino Teruhiko , Mizawa Megumi , Takemoto Keita , Yamamoto Seiji , Shimizu Tadamichi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Filaggrin-2 (FLG2) and hornerin (HRNR) are members of the S100 fused-type protein family, which share many properties with filaggrin (FLG). A previous study demonstrated that the expression of FLG2 was significantly decreased in psoriatic skin relative to that in normal skin. In contrast, the HRNR expression in psoriatic skin varied among studies.

Objectives
We aimed to investigate the effect of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-17A and IL-22 on the expression of FLG2 and HRNR using a three-dimensional psoriatic skin model.

Methods
In the present study, we generated a 3D psoriatic skin model that was stimulated with TNF-α, IL-17A and IL-22 for 3D skin equivalents. Using this model, we examined the altered expression of FLG2 and HRNR by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunostaining.

Results
In the 3D psoriatic skin model, the expression of FLG2 and HRNR was significantly reduced compared with that in the 3D control skin. FLG2 expression was significantly decreased by stimulation with TNF-α, IL-17A and IL-22. In contrast, the expression of HRNR was markedly increased by stimulation with IL-22, although it was slightly decreased by TNF-α or IL-17A compared to the 3D control skin.

Conclusion
TNF-α, IL-17A and IL-22 have different effects on FLG2 and HRNR expression and epidermal structure formation. Furthermore, FLG2 and HRNR may play different roles in barrier formation and the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
The Age-Related Incidence of Male Genital Lichen Sclerosus is Triphasic
Authors: Choudhary Cherry , Beazley Ryan , Uppal Encarl , Kravvas Georgios , Bunker Christopher 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Male genital lichen sclerosus (MGLSc) is a chronic and acquired inflammatory dermatosis associated with substantial sexual dysfunction and urological morbidity and mortality. The age incidence of MGLSc is held to be biphasic, with a peak in infancy and another in adulthood. A recent review has implied two peaks in adulthood (making it triphasic overall); this triphasicity has been our emergent clinical impression from a voluminous practice. Furthermore, a link between MGLSc and smoking has been suggested, but this has not been our clinical impression.

Objectives
The primary objective was to clarify the age-specific incidence of adult men with GLSc; the secondary objective was to explore the relationship between MGLSc and smoking.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the medical notes of 487 adult MGLSc patients from a large specialist male genital dermatology clinic. We abstracted data about the age of diagnosis and smoking history.

Results
A biphasic U-shaped age distribution was identified with two clear peaks at the end of the third decade and another in the sixth decade of life (Hartigan's dip-stat = 0.03; p &lt; 0.01). Thirty-six percent of the patients had been smokers at some point in their lives.

Conclusions
These findings confirm that MGLSc is biphasic in its adult incidence, confirming an earlier supposition; including the previously well-acknowledged paediatric peak, it is thus triphasic. The smoking data are probably unremarkable compared with the available data for smoking habits from the United Kingdom. These findings indirectly support what is postulated about the likely pathogenesis of MGLSc, that is, urinary micro-incontinence, occlusion and epithelial susceptibility.
Liquid Phase Electron Microscopy of Bacterial Ultrastructure
Authors: Caffrey Brian J. , Pedrazo‐Tardajos Adrián , Liberti Emanuela , Gaunt Benjamin , Kim Judy S. , Kirkland Angus I. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRecent advances in liquid phase scanning transmission electron microscopy (LP‐STEM) have enabled the study of dynamic biological processes at nanometer resolutions, paving the way for live‐cell imaging using electron microscopy. However, this technique is often hampered by the inherent thickness of whole cell samples and damage from electron beam irradiation. These restrictions degrade image quality and resolution, impeding biological interpretation. Using graphene encapsulation, scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), and energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy to mitigate these issues provides unprecedented levels of intracellular detail in aqueous specimens. This study demonstrates the potential of LP‐STEM to examine and identify internal cellular structures in thick biological samples. Specifically, it highlights the use of LP‐STEM to investigate the radiation resistant, gram‐positive bacterium, Deinococcus radiodurans using various imaging techniques.
An Approach to Apply BDNF Targeting Fe3O4‐Based Nanoparticles as Multifunctional Anti‐Alzheimer Agents
Authors: Fang Lei , Song Yunxia , Jin Haifeng , Liu Yinyin , Gou Shaohua 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTo search for novel anti‐Alzheimer agents, multifunctional Fe3O4‐based nanoparticles (FSSIO) is designed and prepared which contain ferulic acid (FA) and Simvastatin linked to the surface of Fe3O4 particles. In vitro tests confirmed that FSSIO possessed favorable biocompatibility and a pronounced ability to penetrate blood brain barrier. The FA moiety endowed the particles with remarkable antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties, and effectively protected neuron cells from the toxicity induced by Aβ. Moreover, the Simvastatin pharmacophore assists the particles up‐regulate the expression level of BDNF and significantly promotes the expression levels of p‐TrkB, p‐ERK, p‐PI3K and Akt, which consequently leads to the neurite outgrowth via regulating PI3K/ATK and TrkB‐mediated signaling pathway. More importantly, in the Morris water maze test, FSSIO shows excellent activity to enhance the learning and memory retention of AD model rats.
Kill Two Birds with One Stone: Dual‐Metal MOF‐Nanozyme‐Decorated Hydrogels with ROS‐Scavenging, Oxygen‐Generating, and Antibacterial Abilities for Accelerating Infected Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Wei Yun‐Jie , Chen Heng , Zhou Zi‐Wen , Liu Chun‐Xiu , Cai Chun‐Xian , Li Jing , Yu Xiao‐Qi , Zhang Ji , Liu Yan‐Hong , Wang Na 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDiabetic wounds tend to develop into nonhealing wounds associated with the complex inflammatory microenvironment of uncontrollable bacterial infection, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and chronic hypoxia. Damaged blood vessels hinder metabolic circulation, aggravating hypoxia, and ROS accumulation and further exacerbating the diabetic wound microenvironment. However, existing treatments with a single functionality have difficulty healing complicated diabetic wounds. Therefore, developing an integrative strategy to improve the hostility of the diabetic wound microenvironment is urgently needed. Herein, multifunctional genipin (GP)‐crosslinked chitosan (CS)‐based hydrogels decorated with the biomimetic metal–organic framework (MOF)‐nanozymes and the natural antibacterial agent chlorogenic acid (CGA), which is named MOF/CGA@GP‐CS (MCGC), are prepared. With catalase (CAT)‐like activity, these dual‐metal MOF‐nanozymes are promising bioreactors for simultaneously alleviating ROS accumulation and hypoxia by converting elevated endogenous H2O2 into dissolved oxygen in diabetic wounds. In addition, the other component of natural polyphenolic CGA acts as a mild antibacterial agent, efficiently inhibiting wound infection and avoiding antibiotic resistance. Impressively, the MCGC hydrogels accelerate infected diabetic wound healing by eliminating oxidative stress, increasing oxygenation, and reversing bacterial infection in vivo. In this work, an effective strategy based on multifunctional hydrogel wound dressings is successfully developed and applied in diabetic wound management.