bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fracture Incidence and Characteristics in Young Adults Aged 18 to 49 Years: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Farr Joshua N , Melton L. Joseph , Achenbach Sara J , Atkinson Elizabeth J , Khosla Sundeep , Amin Shreyasee 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

Although fractures in both the pediatric and, especially, the elderly populations have been extensively investigated, comparatively little attention has been given to the age group in between. Thus, we used the comprehensive (inpatient and outpatient) data resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project to determine incidence rates for all fractures among young adult (age range, 18 to 49 years) residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, in 2009 to 2011, and compared the distribution of fracture sites and causes in this young adult cohort with those for older residents aged 50 years or older. During the 3-year study period, 2482 Olmsted County residents aged 18 to 49 years experienced 1 or more fractures. There were 1730 fractures among 1447 men compared with 1164 among 1035 women, and the age-adjusted incidence of all fractures was 66% greater among the men (1882 [95% confidence interval 1793–1971] versus 1135 [95% CI 1069–1201] per 100,000 person-years; p &lt; 0.001). Of all fractures, 80% resulted from severe trauma (eg, motor vehicle accidents) compared with 33% in Olmsted County residents age ≥50 years who sustained a fracture in 2009 to 2011. Younger residents (aged 18 to 49 years), when compared with older residents (aged ≥50 years), had a greater proportion of fractures of the hands and feet (40% versus 18%) with relatively few fractures observed at traditional osteoporotic fracture sites (14% versus 43%). Vertebral fractures were still more likely to be the result of moderate trauma than at other sites, especially in younger women. In conclusion, whereas pediatric and elderly populations often fracture from no more than moderate trauma, young adults, and more commonly men, suffer fractures primarily at non-osteoporotic sites due to more significant trauma. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Effect of Combination Folic Acid, Vitamin B6, and Vitamin B12 Supplementation on Fracture Risk in Women: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Stone Katie L , Lui Li-Yung , Christen William G , Troen Aron M , Bauer Douglas C , Kado Deborah , Schambach Christopher , Cummings Steven R , Manson JoAnn E 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated an association of elevated plasma homocysteine levels with greater bone resorption and fracture risk. Vitamins B12, B6, and folic acid are cofactors in homocysteine metabolism, and supplementation with B vitamins is effective in lowering homocysteine levels in humans. However, randomized trials of supplemental B vitamins for reduction of fracture risk have been limited. Therefore, we performed an ancillary study to the Women's Antioxidant and Folic Acid Cardiovascular Study (WAFACS), a large randomized trial of women with preexisting cardiovascular disease or three or more coronary risk factors, to test whether a daily B vitamin intervention including folic acid (2.5 mg/day), vitamin B6 (50 mg/day), and vitamin B12 (1 mg/day) reduces nonspine fracture risk over 7.3 years of treatment and follow-up. Among 4810 women, we confirmed 349 nonspine fracture cases by centralized review of medical records. In a substudy of 300 women (150 in treatment group and 150 controls) with paired plasma samples at randomization and follow-up (7.3 years later), we measured two bone turnover markers, including C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) and intact type I procollagen N-propeptide (P1NP). In Cox proportional hazards models based on intention-to-treat, we found no significant effects of B vitamin supplementation on nonspine fracture risk (relative hazard = 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 0.88 to 1.34). In a nested case-cohort analysis, there were no significant effects of B vitamins on fracture risk among women with elevated plasma homocysteine levels, or low levels of vitamins B12 or B6, or folate at baseline. Furthermore, treatment with B vitamins had no effect on change in markers of bone turnover. We found no evidence that daily supplementation with B vitamins reduces fracture risk or rates of bone metabolism in middle-aged and older women at high risk of cardiovascular disease. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Overexpression of MiR-335-5p Promotes Bone Formation and Regeneration in Mice
Authors: Zhang Lan , Tang Yin , Zhu Xiaofang , Tu Tianchi , Sui Lei , Han Qianqian , Yu Liming , Meng Shu , Zheng Leilei , Valverde Paloma , Tang Jean , Murray Dana , Zhou Xuedong , Drissi Hicham , Dard Michel M , Tu Qisheng , Chen Jake 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and the Wnt signaling pathway play critical roles in regulating bone development and homeostasis. Our previous study revealed high expression of miR-335-5p in osteoblasts and hypertrophic chondrocytes in mouse embryos and the ability of miR-335-5p to promote osteogenic differentiation by downregulating Wnt antagonist Dickkopf-1 (DKK1). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of miR-335-5p constitutive overexpression on bone formation and regeneration in vivo. To that end, we generated a transgenic mouse line specifically overexpressing miR-335-5p in osteoblasts lineage by the osterix promoter and characterized its bone phenotype. Bone histomorphometry and μCT analysis revealed higher bone mass and increased parameters of bone formation in transgenic mice than in wild-type littermates. Increased bone mass in transgenic mice bones also correlated with enhanced expression of osteogenic differentiation markers. Upon osteogenic induction, bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) isolated from transgenic mice displayed higher mRNA expression of osteogenic markers than wild-type mice BMSCs cultures. Protein expression of Runx2 and Osx was also upregulated in BMSC cultures of transgenic mice upon osteogenic induction, whereas that of DKK1 was downregulated. Most important, BMSCs from transgenic mice were able to repair craniofacial bone defects as shown by μCT analysis, H&E staining, and osteocalcin (OCN) immunohistochemistry of newly formed bone in defects treated with BMSCs. Taken together, our results demonstrate constitutive overexpression of miR-335-5p driven by an osterix promoter in the osteoblast lineage induces osteogenic differentiation and bone formation in mice and support the potential application of miR-335-5p–modified BMSCs in craniofacial bone regeneration. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Differences in growth physiology and aggregation of Pichia pastoris cells between solid‐state and submerged fermentations under aerobic conditions
Authors: Lima‐Pérez Jorge , Rodríguez‐Gómez Divanery , Loera Octavio , Viniegra‐González Gustavo , López‐Pérez Marcos 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDMorphology and size of biofilms of Pichia pastoris under different culture conditions are key to understanding growth physiology in solid‐state fermentation (SSF) and differences relative to submerged fermentation (SmF). Two microscopic techniques were used to contrast these phenomena, comparing SSF on polyurethane foam and SmF, with three concentrations of glycerol as carbon source. Growth parameters such as specific growth rate, maintenance energy, and substrate consumption were also evaluated.RESULTSHigher specific growth rate and maximum growth were obtained in SSF at every glycerol concentration compared with that obtained in SmF. Maintenance energy was higher (33%) in SmF and was related to lower biomass production (66%) than that obtained in SSF. Besides, in SmF, as substrate concentration increased, oxygen availability decreased; such differences in oxygenation could explain differences in biofilm formation. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that P. pastoris produced a compact multilayered biofilm embedded in SSF when compared with SmF, where smaller aggregates were scarcely observed by confocal microscopy.CONCLUSIONThis is the first work where growth parameters of P. pastoris in SSF and SmF are related to biofilm observations, which will help to improve SSF systems for P. pastoris production and its industrial application. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Selective biostimulation of cold‐ and salt‐tolerant hydrocarbon‐degrading Dietzia maris in petroleum‐contaminated sub‐Arctic soils with high salinity
Authors: Chang Wonjae , Akbari Ali , David Carolyn A , Ghoshal Subhasis 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe dual tolerance of hydrocarbon‐degrading bacteria to low temperatures and salinity has not been extensively reported. This study identifies cold‐ and salt‐tolerant hydrocarbon degraders obtained from petroleum‐contaminated sub‐Arctic soils, with the objective of stimulating target populations and assessing hydrocarbon biodegradation in soils abruptly impacted by salinity.RESULTSHalotolerant Dietzia and Arthrobacter bacteria were isolated from the soils. Dietzia maris strain NWWC4 can grow in the absence and presence of NaCl (≤12.5% w/v), adheres to hydrocarbons, and produces biosurfactant. The nutrient conditions preferred by strain NWWC4 were characterized to stimulate halotolerant hydrocarbon degraders related to strain NWWC4. In soil‐slurry microcosms with the selected nutrient, Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism indicated the dominance of alkB‐gene‐harboring NWWC4 relatives. Radiolabeled 14C‐hexadecane mineralization in high‐salinity soil‐slurry microcosms (29 ± 0.33% 14CO2 production) was strikingly comparable with that in non‐saline conditions (35 ± 0.84% 14CO2 production). In nutrient‐amended, Arctic‐diesel‐spiked soil microcosms subjected to dual stresses (10 °C and 5% NaCl, w/v), hydrocarbon removal in the diesel range (C10–C21) was 21 ± 8% after 18 days and was comparable with the removal achieved under non‐saline conditions (37 ± 6% removal).CONCLUSIONThis study reports the unique versatility of cold‐adapted and salt‐tolerant Dietzia maris capable of degrading hydrocarbons in highly saline and non‐saline conditions. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Radiosynthesis of 1‐iodo‐2‐[11C]methylpropane and 2‐methyl‐1‐[11C]propanol and its application for alkylation reactions and C―C bond formation
Authors: Rotteveel Lonneke , Poot Alex J. , Funke Uta , Pekošak Aleksandra , Filp Ulrike , Lammertsma Adriaan A. , Windhorst Albert D. 
Published: July 2017

The multitude of biologically active compounds requires the availability of a broad spectrum of radiolabeled synthons for the development of positron emission tomography (PET) tracers. The aim of this study was to synthesize 1‐iodo‐2‐[11C]methylpropane and 2‐methyl‐1‐[11C]propanol and investigate the use of these reagents in further radiosynthesis reactions. 2‐Methyl‐1‐[11C]propanol was obtained with an average radiochemical yield of 46 ± 6% d.c. and used with fluorobenzene as starting material. High conversion rates of 85 ± 4% d.c. could be observed with HPLC, but large precursor amounts (32 mg, 333 μmol) were needed. 1‐Iodo‐2‐[11C]methylpropane was synthesized with a radiochemical yield of 25 ± 7% d.c. and with a radiochemical purity of 78 ± 7% d.c. The labelling agent 1‐iodo‐2‐[11C]methylpropane was coupled to thiophenol, phenol and phenylmagnesium bromide. Average radiochemical conversions of 83% d.c. for thiophenol, 40% d.c. for phenol, and 60% d.c. for phenylmagnesium bromide were obtained. In addition, [11C]2‐methyl‐1‐propyl phenyl sulphide was isolated with a radiochemical yield of 5 ± 1% d.c. and a molar activity of 346 ± 113 GBq/μmol at the end of synthesis. Altogether, the syntheses of 1‐iodo‐2‐[11C]methylpropane and 2‐methyl‐1‐[11C]propanol were achieved and applied as proof of their applicability.
Plan quality and delivery time comparisons between volumetric modulated arc therapy and intensity modulated radiation therapy for scalp angiosarcoma: A planning study
Authors: Kai Yudai , Toya Ryo , Saito Tetsuo , Kuraoka Akiko , Shimohigashi Yoshinobu , Nakaguchi Yuji , Maruyama Masato , Murakami Ryuji , Yamashita Yasuyuki , Oya Natsuo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIntroductionDue to its spherical surface, scalp angiosarcoma requires careful consideration for radiation therapy planning and dose delivery. Herein, we investigated whether volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) is superior to intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in terms of the plan quality and delivery time.MethodsThree different coplanar treatment plans were created for four patients, comprising a two‐arc VMAT plan as well as 5‐field and 9‐field IMRT plans with 6 MV beams. The X‐ray Voxel Monte Carlo algorithm was employed for dose calculation. A radiation therapy dose of 60 Gy was prescribed to the planning target volume (PTV) in 30 fractions. The homogeneity indexes (HIs) and conformity indexes (CIs) of the PTV, organs at risk (OARs) doses and delivery times were calculated and compared.ResultsFor the VMAT, 5‐field and 9‐field IMRT plans, the mean HIs were 0.14, 0.16 and 0.15; CIs100% were 0.63, 0.61 and 0.64; CIs98% were 0.72, 0.66 and 0.70 and CIs95% were 0.74, 0.67 and 0.71 respectively. All mean dose parameters of the VMAT and 9‐field IMRT plans for the brain were equal to or lower than those of the 5‐field IMRT plan. For the 5‐field IMRT plan, the dose constraints for the left lens were not satisfied in two patients. The mean delivery times were 3.3, 11.1 and 14.7 min for the VMAT, 5‐field and 9‐field IMRT plans respectively.ConclusionThe VMAT plan quality is comparable to that of 9‐field IMRT, with a reduced delivery time. Therefore, VMAT represents a valuable, sophisticated irradiation technique for treating scalp angiosarcoma.
The role of mechanobiology in progression of rotator cuff muscle atrophy and degeneration
Authors: Gibbons Michael C. , Singh Anshuman , Engler Adam J. , Ward Samuel R. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTRotator cuff (RC) muscles undergo several detrimental changes following mechanical unloading resulting from RC tendon tear. In this review, we highlight the pathological causes and consequences of mechanical alterations at the whole muscle, muscle fiber, and muscle resident cell level as they relate to RC disease progression. In brief, the altered mechanical loads associated with RC tear lead to architectural, structural, and compositional changes at the whole‐muscle and muscle fiber level. At the cellular level, these changes equate to direct disruption of mechanobiological signaling, which is exacerbated by mechanically regulated biophysical and biochemical changes to the cellular and extra‐cellular environment (also known as the stem cell “niche”). Together, these data have important implications for both pre‐clinical models and clinical practice. In pre‐clinical models, it is important to recapitulate both the atrophic and degenerative muscle loss found in humans using clinically relevant modes of injury. Clinically, understanding the mechanics and underlying biology of the muscle will impact both surgical decision‐making and rehabilitation protocols, as interventions that may be good for atrophic muscle will have a detrimental effect on degenerating muscle, and vice versa. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:546–556, 2018.
Identification of good candidates for valgus bracing as a treatment for medial knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Clouthier Allison L. , Hassan Elizabeth A. , Brandon Scott C. E. , Campbell Aaron , Rainbow Michael J. , Deluzio Kevin J. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTValgus unloader braces are a conservative treatment option for medial compartment knee osteoarthritis that aim to unload the damaged medial compartment through application of an external abduction moment. Patient response to bracing is highly variable, however. While some experience improvements in pain, function, and joint loading, others receive little to no benefit. The objective of this work was to analyze clinical measures and biomechanical characteristics of unbraced walking to identify variables that are associated with the mechanical effectiveness of valgus unloader bracing. Seventeen patients with medial knee osteoarthritis walked overground with and without a valgus unloader brace. A musculoskeletal model was used to estimate the contact forces in the medial compartment of the tibiofemoral joint and brace effectiveness was defined as the decrease in peak medial contact force between unbraced and braced conditions. Stepwise linear regression was used to identify clinical and biomechanical measures that predicted brace effectiveness. The final regression model explained 77% of the variance in brace effectiveness using two variables. Bracing was more effective for those with greater peak external hip adduction moments and for those with higher Kellgren–Lawrence grades, indicating more severe radiographic osteoarthritis. The hip adduction moment was the best predictor of brace effectiveness and was well correlated with several other measures indicating that it may be functioning as a “biomarker” for good bracing candidates. Clinical Significance: The ability to predict good candidates for valgus bracing may improve issues of patient compliance and could enable the ability to train patients to respond better to bracing. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:351–356, 2018.
Bilateral quadriceps and hamstrings muscle volume asymmetries in healthy individuals
Authors: Kulas Anthony S. , Schmitz Randy J. , Shultz Sandra J. , Waxman Justin P. , Wang Hsin‐Min , Kraft Robert A. , Partington Heath S. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTDetermining the magnitude of quadriceps and hamstring muscle volume asymmetries in healthy individuals is a critical first step toward interpreting asymmetries as compensatory or abnormal in pathological populations. The purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude of whole and individual muscle volume asymmetries, quantified as right–left volume differences, for the quadriceps and hamstring muscles in a young and healthy population. Twenty‐one healthy individuals participated: Eleven females age = 22.6 ± 2.9 years and 10 males age = 23.2 ± 3.4 years. Whole muscle group and individual muscle volume asymmetries were quantified within the context of absolute measurement error using a 95% Limits of Agreement approach. Mean muscle asymmetries ranged from −3.0 to 6.0% for all individual and whole muscle groups. Whole muscle group 95% limits of agreements represented ±11.4% and ±8.8% volume asymmetries for the hamstrings and quadriceps, respectively. Individual muscle asymmetry 95% limits of agreements ranged from ∼ ± 11–13% for the vastii muscles while the biceps femoris short‐head (±33.5%), long‐head (±20.9%), and the rectus femoris (±21.4%) displayed the highest relative individual asymmetries. Individual muscle asymmetries exceeded absolute measurement error in 70% of all cases, with 26% of all cases exceeding 10% asymmetry. Although whole muscle group asymmetries appear to be near the 10% assumed clinical threshold of normality, the greater magnitude of individual muscle asymmetries highlights the subject‐ and muscle‐specific variability in volume asymmetry. Future research is warranted to determine if volume asymmetry thresholds exist that discriminate between healthy and pathological populations. Statement of Clinical Significance: Muscle volume asymmetries displayed in healthy individuals provide a reference for interpreting asymmetries in pathological populations. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:963–970, 2018.
Mechanical loading disrupts osteocyte plasma membranes which initiates mechanosensation events in bone
Authors: Yu Kanglun , Sellman David P. , Bahraini Anoosh , Hagan Mackenzie L. , Elsherbini Ahmed , Vanpelt Kayce T. , Marshall Peyton L. , Hamrick Mark W. , McNeil Anna , McNeil Paul L. , McGee‐Lawrence Meghan E. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTOsteocytes sense loading in bone, but their mechanosensation mechanisms remain poorly understood. Plasma membrane disruptions (PMD) develop with loading under physiological conditions in many cell types (e.g., myocytes, endothelial cells). These PMD foster molecular flux across cell membranes that promotes tissue adaptation, but this mechanosensation mechanism had not been explored in osteocytes. Our goal was to investigate whether PMD occur and initiate consequent mechanotransduction in osteocytes during physiological loading. We found that osteocytes experience PMD during in vitro (fluid flow) and in vivo (treadmill exercise) mechanical loading, in proportion to the level of stress experienced. In fluid flow studies, osteocyte PMD preferentially formed with rapid as compared to gradual application of loading. In treadmill studies, osteocyte PMD increased with loading in weight bearing locations (tibia), but this trend was not seen in non‐weight bearing locations (skull). PMD initiated osteocyte mechanotransduction including calcium signaling and expression of c‐fos, and repair rates of these PMD could be enhanced or inhibited pharmacologically to alter downstream mechanotransduction and osteocyte survival. PMD may represent a novel mechanosensation pathway in bone and a target for modifying skeletal adaptation signaling in osteocytes. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:653–662, 2018.
Effects of simple rain‐shelter cultivation on fatty acid and amino acid accumulation in ‘Chardonnay’ grape berries
Authors: Meng Nan , Ren Zhi‐Yuan , Yang Xiao‐Fan , Pan Qiu‐Hong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDFatty acids and amino acids are the precursors of aliphatic and aromatic volatile compounds, higher alcohols and esters. They are also nutrition for yeast metabolism during fermentation. However, few reports have been concerned about the effect of viticulture practices on the accumulation of fatty acids and amino acids in wine grapes. This study aimed to explore the accumulation of these compounds in developing Vitis vinifera L. cv. Chardonnay grape berries under two vintages, and compare the influences of the rain‐shelter cultivation and open‐field cultivation.RESULTSFifteen fatty acids and 21 amino acids were detected in total. The rain‐shelter cultivation led to an increase in the total concentration of fatty acids, and a decrease in the total concentration of amino acids compared with the open‐field cultivation in 2012, while no significant difference was observed between two cultivation modes in 2013 vintage. Concentrations of palmitoleic acid, isoleucine and cysteine were significantly promoted in the rain‐shelter grape berries, whereas those of tyrosine and ornithine were markedly reduced in both vintages.CONCLUSIONThe rain‐shelter cultivation of wine grapes in the rainy region is beneficial for improving grape quality and fermentation activity by influence on the concentration of fatty acids and amino acids. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry