bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Fused Furans and Thiophenes via Ruthenium-Catalyzed Atom-Transfer [2+2+1] Cycloadditions of α,ω-Diynes
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshihiko 
Published: April 2017

Furans and thiophenes are important five-membered heterocyclic compounds that are found in natural products, functional materials, and pharmaceutics. This account outlines our studies on ruthenium-catalyzed atom-transfer [2+2+1] cycloadditions toward the synthesis of fused furans and thiophenes.1	Introduction2	Synthesis of Furans using Dimethyl Sulfoxide as the Oxygen ­Donor3	Synthesis of 2-Silylfurans Using Nitrones as Oxygen Donors4	Synthesis of Thiophenes Using Thiocarbonyls as Sulfur Donors5	Conclusions
Understanding Approaches to the Dorsal Hump
Authors: Barrett Dane , Casanueva Fernando , Wang Tom 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDorsal hump reduction is a central component of western aesthetic rhinoplasty. Surgical success begins with knowledge of aesthetic ideals and accurate preoperative analysis. Knowledge of the patient's distortion from aesthetic ideals informs approach, technique, and instrument selection. Both endonasal and external approaches are suitable for dorsal hump reduction, though the latter affords more versatility when other surgical modifications are necessary. The main techniques consist of en bloc, Skoog, and component resection. Each has their distinct advantage, though a surgeon's comfort level with each should impact technique selection. Completion of the dorsal reduction often leaves a defect that must be reconstructed. Failure to anticipate the potential long-term sequelae and appropriately manage the dorsal defect can lead to a poor result and patient dissatisfaction.
Aesthetics of the Nasal Dorsum: Proportions, Light, and Shadow
Authors: Krane Natalie , Markey Jeffrey , Moneta Lauren , Kim Michael 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDue to its central location, the nose plays a prominent role in facial aesthetics. As tastes have shifted and techniques have advanced, the accepted “ideal” appearance and proportions of the nose have evolved over time. By assessing the aesthetics of the nasal dorsum through the use of lines and angles, one can more precisely elucidate a goal for the patient's postoperative nasal shape, which should, in turn, guide the surgeon to execute specific operative maneuvers needed to achieve that contour. In assessing the aesthetics of the nasal dorsum, practitioners calculate and observe aspects such as the paired dorsal aesthetic lines, the nasofrontal angle, and the nasofacial angle. There is also additional consideration given to nasal tip position as this must fit harmoniously with the shape of the dorsum. In contrast to the established aesthetic lines and angles, using nasal geometric polygons for the aesthetic evaluation and development of operative goals in rhinoplasty has recently been described in the literature. Constructed ideals, in the form of proportions, lines, and angles, should be used with caution, as there are many factors to consider in the aesthetic analysis of the nasal dorsum, including ethnic differences, and subjective and changing views of beauty.
Absorbable Implant to Treat Nasal Valve Collapse
Authors: Nicoló Marion , Stelter Klaus , Sadick Haneen , Bas Murat , Berghaus Alexander 
Published: April 2017

Objective To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of an absorbable implant for lateral cartilage support in subjects with nasal valve collapse (NVC) with 12 months follow-up.
Methods Thirty subjects with Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) score ≥ 55 and isolated NVC were treated; 14 cases were performed in an operating suite under general anesthesia and 16 cases were performed in a clinic-based setting under local anesthesia. The implant, a polylactic acid copolymer, was placed with a delivery tool within the nasal wall to provide lateral cartilage support. Subjects were followed up through 12 months postprocedure.
Results Fifty-six implants were placed in 30 subjects. The mean preoperative NOSE score was 76.7 ± 14.8, with a range of 55 to 100. At 12 months, the mean score was 35.2 ± 29.2, reflecting an average within-patient reduction of –40.9 ± 31.2 points. The majority (76%) of the subjects were responders defined as having at least one NOSE class improvement or a NOSE score reduction of at least 20%. There were no adverse changes in cosmetic appearance at 12 months postprocedure. Three implants in three subjects required retrieval within 30 days postprocedure and resulted in no clinical sequelae.
Conclusion This study demonstrates safety and effectiveness of an absorbable implant for lateral cartilage support in subjects with NVC at 12 months postprocedure.
Aerobic Exercise Decreases Lung Inflammation by IgE Decrement in an OVA Mice Model
Authors: Camargo Hizume-Kunzler Deborah , Greiffo Flavia R. , Fortkamp Bárbara , Ribeiro Freitas Gabriel , Keller Nascimento Juliana , Regina Bruggemann Thayse , Melo Avila Leonardo , Perini Adenir , Bobinski Franciane , Duarte Silva Morgana , Rocha Lapa Fernanda , Paula Vieira Rodolfo , Vargas Horewicz Verônica , Soares dos Santos Adair Roberto , Cattelan Bonorino Kelly 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAerobic exercise (AE) reduces lung function decline and risk of exacerbations in asthmatic patients. However, the inflammatory lung response involved in exercise during the sensitization remains unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of exercise for 2 weeks in an experimental model of sensitization and single ovalbumin-challenge. Mice were divided into 4 groups: mice non-sensitized and not submitted to exercise (Sedentary, n=10); mice non-sensitized and submitted to exercise (Exercise, n=10); mice sensitized and exposed to ovalbumin (OVA, n=10); and mice sensitized, submitted to exercise and exposed to OVA (OVA+Exercise, n=10). 24 h after the OVA/saline exposure, we counted inflammatory cells from bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF), lung levels of total IgE, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-1ra, measurements of OVA-specific IgG1 and IgE, and VEGF and NOS-2 expression via western blotting. AE reduced cell counts from BALF in the OVA group (p<0.05), total IgE, IL-4 and IL-5 lung levels and OVA-specific IgE and IgG1 titers (p<0.05). There was an increase of NOS-2 expression, IL-10 and IL-1ra lung levels in the OVA groups (p<0.05). Our results showed that AE attenuated the acute lung inflammation, suggesting immunomodulatory properties on the sensitization process in the early phases of antigen presentation in asthma.
Hypothesis of Ascension in Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Klingelhoefer L. , Reichmann H. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDifferent clinical stages are observed in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD). Non-motor symptoms define in particular the prodromal period of PD whereas primary motor symptoms such as bradykinesia with rigidity, resting tremor or postural instability are mandatory for the diagnosis of PD. Important non-motor symptoms are olfactory dysfunction, constipation, depression and sleep disturbances. Corresponding to the clinical course of PD, the Braak staging system postulates that the neuropathological process of PD starts in the enteric nervous system (ENS) of the gut and in the olfactory bulb. From there, Parkinson pathology spreads by transsynaptic cell-to-cell transfer via the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system in a rostrocranial direction. If the central nervous system is reached, typical neuropathological changes of PD with selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons of the Substantia nigra pars compacta, the formation of Lewy bodies, reactive gliosis and progressive central neurodegeneration appear. Evidence of clinical, pathological and animal studies supporting these hypotheses are summarised in this review article. α-synuclein as PD-specific pathology was found in the olfactory bulb, the ENS, the submandibular gland, the intermediolateral nucleus of the spinal cord and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve. In an animal model, in which mice are treated with the pesticide rotenone chronically and intragastrically, we could almost completely reproduce the typical pathological and clinical features of PD as well as their development in a chronological and regional sequence.
Ärztliche Koordination in Pflegeheimen als ein Baustein menschenwürdiger Palliativarbeit – eine systematische Literaturübersicht
Authors: Fredersdorf F. , Moser S. , Mathis G. 
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die medizinische Versorgung in Pflegeheimen ist in manchen Bereichen unbefriedigend. Zur ärztlichen Koordination für multiprofessionelle Maßnahmen gibt es wenig klare Vorgaben. Es wurde eine systematische Literaturanalyse durchgeführt, inwiefern ärztliche Koordination im Pflegeheim die Lage verbessern kann.
Methode In Datenbanken (CINAHL, Medline, PsycInfo, Psyndex) wurde von 2000 – 2014 mit folgenden Schlüsselwörtern gesucht: nursing homes AND nursing home physician OR nursing home doctor OR geriatrics OR gerontologic care OR primary health care AND cooperation OR coordination. Dasselbe wurde dort und in Verlagskatalogen in deutscher Sprache durchgeführt: Pflegeheim ODER Altenheim UND ärztliche Kooperation ODER ärztliche Koordination ODER ärztliche Versorgung.
Ergebnisse Von den 537 ersten Treffern wurden in 3 Schritten schließlich 34 als ganze Arbeiten (Projektberichte, systematische Literaturanalysen und Originalarbeiten) analysiert. Die Definitionen und Zugänge zur ärztlichen Koordination sind recht inhomogen. Speziell in den Projektarbeiten zeigte sich, dass multiprofessionelle Arbeit zu besserer Versorgungsqualität, mehr Zufriedenheit im Betreuungsteam und schließlich zu einer Kostenreduktion führen kann.
Schlussfolgerungen Unter Mitwirkung einer ärztlichen Koordination hat multiprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit eine positive Wirkung in den Pflegeheimen. Allerdings ist das Berufsbild des Arztes im Pflegeheim inhaltlich und strukturell wenig definiert.
CLIL theory and empirical reality – Two sides of the same coin?
Authors: Rumlich Dominik 
Published: April 2017

This article summarizes the essential theoretical and empirical findings of a large-scale doctoral dissertation study on content and language integrated learning (CLIL) streams at German secondary schools (Gymnasium) with up to three content subjects taught in English (Rumlich, 2016). A theoretical account rooted in teaching English as a foreign language (EFL), language acquisition and educational psychology provides the basis for the development of a comprehensive longitudinal model of general EFL proficiency, which incorporates cognitive, affective-motivational, and further individual variables.
In a second step, the model is used to estimate the effects of CLIL on general EFL proficiency, EFL self-concept and interest over a span of two school years (Year 6 to Year 8). The statistical evaluation of the quasi-experimental data from 1,000 learners finds large initial differences prior to CLIL due to selection, preparation, and class composition effects brought about by the implementation of CLIL within streams. After two years, the analyses found no CLIL-related benefits for general EFL proficiency or interest in EFL classes and solely a minor increase in EFL self-concept that might be attributable to CLIL. The results make a strong claim for comprehensive longitudinal model-based evaluations and the inclusion of selection, preparation, and class composition effects when conducting research on CLIL programmes in similar settings. The findings also suggest that not all language competences and affective-motivational dispositions might benefit from CLIL (the way it is currently taught in Germany) to the same extent.
Vector-borne diseases in the Caribbean: history and current status.
Authors: Gibson K. E. , Fitzpatrick D. M. , Stone D. , Noel T. P. , MacPherson C. N. L. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The Caribbean consists of island chains surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, in addition to neighbouring mainland countries. The tropical climate and its historic and continued influx of both humans and animals from throughout the world have contributed to the region's plethora of vector-borne diseases (VBDs). Both human and animal VBDs are of health and economic importance to the Caribbean. Some of these are zoonotic, complicating control and elimination attempts. Although efforts have been ongoing for over a century in the identification and prevention of VBDs in the Caribbean, limited resources have curtailed VBD diagnosis, surveillance, control and research. These deficiencies have been highlighted by the recent chikungunya and Zika virus disease outbreaks. The purpose of this review is to examine the history of VBDs in the Caribbean, evaluate the current status of the most important VBDs in the region, and identify the VBD threats for the future and how these might be addressed.
MPK9 and MPK12 function in SA-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Khokon Md Atiqur Rahman , Salam Mohammad Abdus , Jammes Fabien , Ye Wenxiu , Hossain Mohammad Anowar , Okuma Eiji , Nakamura Yoshimasa , Mori Izumi C , Kwak June M , Murata Yoshiyuki 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) induces stomatal closure sharing several components with abscisic acid (ABA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) signaling. We have previously shown that two guard cell-preferential mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), MPK9 and MPK12, positively regulate ABA signaling and MeJA signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, we examined whether these two MAPKs are involved in SA-induced stomatal closure using genetic mutants and a pharmacological, MAPKK inhibitor. Salicylic acid induced stomatal closure in mpk9 and mpk12 single mutants but not in mpk9 mpk12 double mutants. The MAPKK inhibitor PD98059 inhibited SA-induced stomatal closure in wild-type plants. Salicylic acid induced extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, intracellular ROS accumulation, and cytosolic alkalization in the mpk9, mpk12, and mpk9 mpk12 mutants. Moreover, SA-activated S-type anion channels in guard cells of wild-type plants but not in guard cells of mpk9 mpk12 double mutants. These results imply that MPK9 and MPK12 are positive regulators of SA signaling in Arabidopsis guard cells.
Unplanned Reoperation After Craniotomy for Tumor: A National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Analysis
Authors: Dasenbrock Hormuzdiyar H , Yan Sandra C , Chavakula Vamsi , Gormley William B , Smith Timothy R , Claus Elizabeth B , Dunn Ian F 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Reoperation has been increasingly utilized as a metric evaluating quality of care.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the rate of, reasons for, and predictors of unplanned reoperation after craniotomy for tumor in a nationally accrued population.

METHODS
Patients who underwent cranial tumor resection were extracted from the prospective National Surgical Quality Improvement Program registry (2012-2014). Multivariate logistic regression examined predictors of unplanned cranial reoperation. Predictors screened included patient age, sex, tumor location and histology, functional status, comorbidities, preoperative laboratory values, operative urgency, and time.

RESULTS
Of the 11 462 patients included, 3.1% (n = 350) underwent an unplanned cranial reoperation. The most common reasons for cranial reoperation were intracranial hematoma evacuation (22.5%), superficial or intracranial surgical site infections (11.9%), re-resection of tumor (8.4%), decompressive craniectomy (6.1%), and repair of cerebrospinal fluid leakage (5.6%). The strongest predictor of any cranial reoperation was preoperative thrombocytopenia (less than 100 000/μL, odds ratio [OR] = 2.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23-5.10, P = .01). Thrombocytopenia, hypertension, emergent surgery, and longer operative time were predictors of reoperation for hematoma (P ≤ .004), while dependent functional status, morbid obesity, leukocytosis, and longer operative time were predictors of reoperation for infection (P < .05). Although any unplanned cranial reoperation was not associated with differential odds of mortality (OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 0.94-3.00, P = .08), hematoma evacuation was significantly associated with thirty-day death (P = .04).

CONCLUSION
In this national analysis, unplanned cranial reoperation was primarily associated with operative indices, rather than preoperative characteristics, suggesting that reoperation may have some utility as a quality indicator. However, hypertension and thrombocytopenia were potentially modifiable predictors of reoperation.
Outpatient vs Inpatient Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Population-Level Analysis of Outcomes and Cost
Authors: Purger David A , Pendharkar Arjun V , Ho Allen L , Sussman Eric S , Yang Lingyao , Desai Manisha , Veeravagu Anand , Ratliff John K , Desai Atman 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Outpatient anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a promising candidate for US healthcare cost reduction as several studies have demonstrated that overall complications are relatively low and early discharge can preserve high patient satisfaction, low morbidity, and minimal readmission.

OBJECTIVE
To compare clinical outcomes and associated costs between inpatient and ambulatory setting ACDF.

METHODS
Demographics, comorbidities, emergency department (ED) visits, readmissions, reoperation rates, and 90-d charges were retrospectively analyzed for patients undergoing elective ACDF in California, Florida, and New York from 2009 to 2011 in State Inpatient and Ambulatory Databases.

RESULTS
A total of 3135 ambulatory and 46 996 inpatient ACDFs were performed. Mean Charlson comorbidity index, length of stay, and mortality were 0.2, 0.4 d, and 0% in the ambulatory cohort and 0.4, 1.8 d, and 0.04% for inpatients (P < .0001). Ambulatory patients were younger (48.0 vs 53.1) and more likely to be Caucasian. One hundred sixty-eight ambulatory patients (5.4%) presented to the ED within 30 d (mean 11.3 d), 51 (1.6%) were readmitted, and 5 (0.2%) underwent reoperation. Among inpatient surgeries, 2607 patients (5.5%) presented to the ED within 30 d (mean 9.7 d), 1778 (3.8%) were readmitted (mean 6.3 d), and 200 (0.4%) underwent reoperation. Higher Charlson comorbidity index increased rate of ED visits (ambulatory operating room [OR] 1.285, P < .05; inpatient OR 1.289, P < .0001) and readmission (ambulatory OR 1.746, P < .0001; inpatient OR 1.685, P < .0001). Overall charges were significantly lower for ambulatory ACDFs ($33 362.51 vs $74 667.04; P < .0001).

CONCLUSION
ACDF can be performed in an ambulatory setting with comparable morbidity and readmission rates, and lower costs, to those performed in an inpatient setting.
Safety Aspects of Postanesthesia Care Unit Discharge without Motor Function Assessment after Spinal Anesthesia
Authors: Aasvang Eske Kvanner , Jørgensen Christoffer Calov , Laursen Mogens Berg , Madsen Jacob , Solgaard Søren , Krøigaard Mogens , Kjærsgaard-Andersen Per , Mandøe Hans , Hansen Torben Bæk , Nielsen Jørgen Ulrich , Krarup Niels , Skøtt Annette Elisabeth , Kehlet Henrik 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Background
Postanesthesia care unit (PACU) discharge without observation of lower limb motor function after spinal anesthesia has been suggested to significantly reduce PACU stay and enhance resource optimization and early rehabilitation but without enough data to allow clinical recommendations.

Methods
A multicenter, semiblinded, noninferiority randomized controlled trial of discharge from the PACU with or without assessment of lower limb motor function after elective total hip or knee arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia was undertaken. The primary outcome was frequency of a successful fast-track course (length of stay 4 days or less and no 30-day readmission). Noninferiority would be declared if the odds ratio (OR) for a successful fast-track course was no worse for those patients receiving no motor function assessment versus those patients receiving motor function assessment by OR = 0.68.

Results
A total of 1,359 patients (98.8% follow-up) were available for analysis (93% American Society of Anesthesiologists class 1 to 2). The primary outcome occurred in 92.2% and 92.0%, corresponding to no motor function assessment being noninferior to motor function assessment with OR 0.97 (95% CI, 0.70 to 1.35). Adverse events in the ward during the first 24 h occurred in 5.8% versus 7.4% with or without motor function assessment, respectively (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.5 to 1.19, P = 0.24).

Conclusions
PACU discharge without assessment of lower limb motor function after spinal anesthesia for total hip or knee arthroplasty was noninferior to motor function assessment in achieving length of stay 4 days or less or 30-day readmissions. Because a nonsignificant tendency toward increased adverse events during the first 24 h in the ward was discovered, further safety data are needed in patients without assessment of lower limb motor function before PACU discharge.
Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathways in spondyloarthritis
Authors: Raychaudhuri Smriti K. , Raychaudhuri Siba P. 
Published: April 2017

Purpose of review
Cytokines are major drivers of autoimmunity, and biologic agents targeting cytokines have revolutionized the treatment of immune-mediated diseases. Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway represents a group of several intracellular molecules with a key role in signal pathways activated by growth factors and cytokines. These kinase proteins are associated with the signaling process of multiple key cytokines, which regulates various T-cell subpopulations and their effector cytokines. Development of novel drugs to inhibit this kinase cascade is an emerging field in clinical immunology. Thus, it is essential to have insights about the regulatory role of the JAK-STAT cytokine signaling in relation to autoimmune diseases and its applications in spondyloarthritis.

Recent findings
JAK-STAT kinase signaling proteins have been extensively studied in rheumatoid arthritis. Initial observations suggest that JAK-STAT kinase signaling cascade regulates activation and proliferation of the IL17+ effector memory T cells and thus has a potential role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis.

Summary
Here, we provide an overview of the clinical rheumatologists about the significance of JAK-STAT signaling system in rheumatic diseases and introduce the potential application of JAK and STAT inhibitors in spondyloarthritis.