bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Four-Dimensional Incremental Analysis Update for the Ensemble Kalman Filter
Authors: Lei Lili , Whitaker Jeffrey S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe analysis produced by the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) may be dynamically inconsistent and contain unbalanced gravity waves that are absent in the real atmosphere. These imbalances can be exacerbated by covariance localization and inflation. One strategy to combat the imbalance in the analyses is the incremental analysis update (IAU), which uses the dynamic model to distribute the analyses increments over a time window. The IAU has been widely used in atmospheric and oceanic applications. However, the analysis increment that is gradually introduced during a model integration is often computed once and assumed to be constant for an assimilation window, which can be seen as a three-dimensional IAU (3DIAU). Thus, the propagation of the analysis increment in the assimilation window is neglected, yet this propagation may be important, especially for moving weather systems.To take into account the propagation of the analysis increment during an assimilation window, a four-dimensional IAU (4DIAU) used with the EnKF is presented. It constructs time-varying analysis increments by applying all observations in an assimilation window to state variables at different times during the assimilation window. It then gradually applies these time-varying analysis increments through the assimilation window. Results from a dry two-layer primitive equation model and the NCEP GFS show that EnKF with 4DIAU (EnKF-4DIAU) and 3DIAU (EnKF-3DIAU) reduce imbalances in the analysis compared to EnKF without initialization (EnKF-RAW). EnKF-4DIAU retains the time-varying information in the analysis increments better than EnKF-3DIAU, and produces better analysis and forecast than either EnKF-RAW or EnKF-3DIAU.
Sudden Blindness Secondary to Injections of Common Drugs in the Head and Neck: I. Clinical Experiences
Authors: McGrew Robert N. , Wilson R. Sloan , Havener William H. 
Published: April 2016

Several cases of sudden, irreversible blindness have been reported in the world literature following injections of various drug combinations in the head and neck. The common feature these drugs have is their capacity to either produce direct neurotoxic effects or embolic phenomena. Two new cases which resulted from injection of the combination of a depo or long‐acting corticosteroid (methylprednisolone acetate, 40 mg) and a local anesthetic and epinephrine or penicillin were added to the growing world literature. The ocular and systemic pathologic findings are described and important questions are raised as to the pathophysiology. The need for an animal model experiment to answer as many of these questions as possible is emphasized.
Olfactory Groove Meningioma with Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity Extension: A Combined Approach
Authors: Persky Mark S. , Som Max L. 
Published: April 2016

A 58‐year‐old man had an enlarging right fronto‐orbital mass. A biopsy specimen of a right nasal cavity tumor was reported as meningioma. Preoperative evaluation including skull roentgenograms, tomograms of the paranasal sinuses, brain scan, computerized axial tomography, and carotid angiography substantiated a large subfrontal mass with paranasal sinus and orbital extension.A combined approach through a right frontal craniotomy and right lateral rhinotomy was used for a complete removal of this tumor. A review of the literature is contained herein.
High‐Frequency Hearing Losses Caused by Low‐Frequency Noises
Authors: Mills John H. , Adkins Warren Y. , Gilbert Robert M. 
Published: April 2016

Human subjects were exposed to an octave‐band noise for 24 hours. Temporary threshold shifts increased for the first eight hours of exposure and then were asymptotic. While threshold shifts were largest at about one‐half octave above the center frequency of the noise, a second maximum was observed at higher test frequencies. The exact frequency of this second maximum decreased from 7.0 kHz, for a noise centered at 2.0 kHz, to 5.5 kHz for a noise centered at 0.5 kHz. This result could be caused by the travelling wave pattern along the cochlear partition or to the production of distortion products.
The Eustachian Tube Prosthesis Revisited
Authors: Wright J. William , Wright J. William , Hicks George W. 
Published: April 2016

Preliminary results with an eustachian tube prosthesis have been reported. This paper updates our experience with the prosthesis. Our series is now 95 patients with follow‐up of 2 to 32 months (average of 14 months). The success rate in obtaining a healed aerated middle ear is 75% (71). The eustachian tube prosthesis continues to give encouraging results in problem tympanoplasty cases.
Interruption of Combined Therapy: A Factor in Decreased Survival
Authors: Leipzig Bruce , Cummings Charles W. , Chung Chung T. , Sagerman Robert H. 
Published: April 2016

Occasionally, during the course of combined (radiation plus surgery) treatment of head and neck malignancies, the patient experiences a profound response to radiotherapy alone and elects to decline the second phase of treatment, namely, surgery. After a variable interval, radiotherapy is reinstituted to a “curative” level.A series of 14 laryngeal and oropharyngeal carcinomas, treated in this disjointed fashion, has been examined with respect to long‐term survival. The prognosis is extremely unfavorable, thus supporting a basic philosophy of continuing with the prescribed surgical treatment despite a dramatic response to noncancericidal doses of radiotherapy.The site and stage of tumor, radiation dosage, interval to completion of therapy, and incidence of local and distant metastases are examined.It appears that every effort should be made to provide continuity in the combined therapeutic protocol if the advantages of this mode of therapy are to be effective.
Sarcomatous Degeneration in a Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma
Authors: Donald Paul J. 
Published: April 2016

Malignant degeneration in a juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma has been reported in the literature in only four patients. All of these persons had been previously treated for cure with gamma irradiation. The case report of a 47‐year‐old man with a 31‐year history of nasal obstruction is presented. A recurrence excised 18 months after initial removal of an angiofibroma revealed the surprising diagnosis of fibrosarcoma.
Evolutionary relationships between heme-binding ferredoxin α + β barrels
Authors: Acharya Giriraj , Kaur Gurmeet , Subramanian Srikrishna 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Background
The α + β barrel superfamily of the ferredoxin-like fold consists of a functionally diverse group of evolutionarily related proteins. The barrel architecture of these proteins is formed by either homo-/hetero-dimerization or duplication and fusion of ferredoxin-like domains. Several members of this superfamily bind heme in order to carry out their functions.

Results
We analyze the heme-binding sites in these proteins as well as their barrel topologies. Our comparative structural analysis of these heme-binding barrels reveals two distinct modes of packing of the ferredoxin-like domains to constitute the α + β barrel, which is typified by the Type-1/IsdG-like and Type-2/OxdA-like proteins, respectively. We examine the heme-binding pockets and explore the versatility of the α + β barrels ability to accommodate heme or heme-related moieties, such as siroheme, in at least three different sites, namely, the mode seen in IsdG/OxdA, Cld/DyP/EfeB/HemQ and siroheme decarboxylase barrels.

Conclusions
Our study offers insights into the plausible evolutionary relationships between the two distinct barrel packing topologies and relate the observed heme-binding sites to these topologies.
Should we use cells, biomaterials, or tissue engineering for cartilage regeneration?
Authors: Bernhard Jonathan C. , Vunjak-Novakovic Gordana 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFor a long time, cartilage has been a major focus of the whole field of tissue engineering, both because of the constantly growing need for more effective options for joint repair and the expectation that this apparently simple tissue will be easy to engineer. After several decades, cartilage regeneration has proven to be anything but easy. With gratifying progress in our understanding of the factors governing cartilage development and function, and cell therapy being successfully used for several decades, there is still a lot to do. We lack reliable methods to generate durable articular cartilage that would resemble the original tissue lost to injury or disease. The question posed here is whether the answer would come from the methods using cells, biomaterials, or tissue engineering. We present a concise review of some of the most meritorious efforts in each area, and propose that the solution will most likely emerge from the ongoing attempts to recapitulate certain aspects of native cartilage development. While an ideal recipe for cartilage regeneration is yet to be formulated, we believe that it will contain cell, biomaterial, and tissue engineering approaches, blended into an effective method for seamless repair of articular cartilage.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Salinity-induced changes in the morphology and major mineral nutrient composition of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) accessions
Authors: Alam Md. Amirul , Juraimi Abdul Shukor , Rafii M. Y. , Hamid Azizah Abdul , Aslani Farzad , Hakim M. A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis study was undertaken to determine the effects of varied salinity regimes on the morphological traits (plant height, number of leaves, number of flowers, fresh and dry weight) and major mineral composition of 13 selected purslane accessions. Most of the morphological traits measured were reduced at varied salinity levels (0.0, 8, 16, 24 and 32 dS m−1), but plant height was found to increase in Ac1 at 16 dS m−1 salinity, and Ac13 was the most affected accession. The highest reductions in the number of leaves and number of flowers were recorded in Ac13 at 32 dS m−1 salinity compared to the control. The highest fresh and dry weight reductions were noted in Ac8 and Ac6, respectively, at 32 dS m−1 salinity, whereas the highest increase in both fresh and dry weight was recorded in Ac9 at 24 dS m−1 salinity compared to the control. In contrast, at lower salinity levels, all of the measured mineral levels were found to increase and later decrease with increasing salinity, but the performance of different accessions was different depending on the salinity level. A dendrogram was also constructed by UPGMA based on the morphological traits and mineral compositions, in which the 13 accessions were grouped into 5 clusters, indicating greater diversity among them. A three-dimensional principal component analysis also confirmed the output of grouping from cluster analysis.
Research trends in biomimetic medical materials for tissue engineering: 3D bioprinting, surface modification, nano/micro-technology and clinical aspects in tissue engineering of cartilage and bone
Authors: Chen Cen , Bang Sumi , Cho Younghak , Lee Sahnghoon , Lee Inseop , Zhang ShengMin , Noh Insup 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This review discusses about biomimetic medical materials for tissue engineering of bone and cartilage, after previous scientific commentary of the invitation-based, Korea-China joint symposium on biomimetic medical materials, which was held in Seoul, Korea, from October 22 to 26, 2015. The contents of this review were evolved from the presentations of that symposium. Four topics of biomimetic medical materials were discussed from different research groups here: 1) 3D bioprinting medical materials, 2) nano/micro-technology, 3) surface modification of biomaterials for their interactions with cells and 4) clinical aspects of biomaterials for cartilage focusing on cells, scaffolds and cytokines.
Model-Based Purchase Predictions for Large Assortments
Authors: Jacobs Bruno J.D. , Donkers Bas , Fok Dennis 
Published: April 2016

An accurate prediction of what a customer will purchase next is of paramount importance to successful online retailing. In practice, customer purchase history data is readily available to make such predictions, sometimes complemented with customer characteristics. Given the large product assortments maintained by online retailers, scalability of the prediction method is just as important as its accuracy. We study two classes of models that use such data to predict what a customer will buy next, i.e., a novel approach that uses latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), and mixtures of Dirichlet-Multinomials (MDM). A key benefit of a model-based approach is the potential to accommodate observed customer heterogeneity through the inclusion of predictor variables. We show that LDA can be extended in this direction while retaining its scalability. We apply the models to purchase data from an online retailer and contrast their predictive performance with that of a collaborative filter and a discrete choice model. Both LDA and MDM outperform the other methods. Moreover, LDA attains performance similar to that of MDM while being far more scalable, rendering it a promising approach to purchase prediction in large product assortments. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2016.0985 .
Day case laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with high BMI: Experience from a UK centre
Authors: Tandon A , Sunderland G , Nunes QM , Misra N , Shrotri M 
Published: April 2016

Introduction Symptomatic gall stones may require laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), which is one of the most commonly performed general surgical operations in the western world. Patients with a high body mass index (BMI) are at increased risk of having gall stones, and are often considered at high risk of surgical complications due to their increased BMI. We believe that day case surgery could nevertheless have significant benefits in terms of potential cost savings and patient satisfaction in this population. We therefore compared the outcomes of day case patients undergoing LC stratified by BMI, with a specific focus on the safety and success of the procedure in obese and morbidly obese groups. Methods We reviewed a database of day case procedures performed between January 2004 and December 2012, including all patients with symptomatic gall stone disease who underwent LC. The patients were divided in four BMI groups: less than 25 kg/m2, 25–29 kg/m2, 30–39 kg/m2 and 40 kg/m2 or above. Results The overall success rate for day case surgery was 78%. There were no significant differences in rates of intra-abdominal collection or readmission with increasing BMI. However, increasing BMI was associated with a significant increase in the rate of wound infection. Conclusions LC in patients with a high BMI is safe and can be performed effectively as a day case procedure.
Development of hepatolithiasis due to a celery stalk retained within the bile ducts of the liver
Authors: Lv GY , Qiu W , Yu Y , Li T 
Published: April 2016

Introduction Commonly encountered foreign bodies are remnants from surgical procedures and ingested materials. Rarely, the latter cause stone formation in the biliary tract. Case History We describe a 51-year-old female who underwent choledoduodenostomy and who presented with abdominal distension caused by multiple stones in the bile ducts within the liver (hepatolithiasis) and an intact celery stalk. Hepatolithiasis was demonstrated by ultrasonography and computed tomography of the abdomen. The celery stalk was not confirmed until exploration of the biliary duct. Conclusions Here, we describe, for the first time, an intact, undigested celery stalk in the biliary tract which induced hepatolithiasis. We believe that choledochojejunostomy favoured reflux of the celery stalk from the duodenum into the biliary tract.
Retained enteroscopy capsule in a patient with diaphragm disease
Authors: Meshikhes A-WN 
Published: April 2016

IntroductionDiaphragm disease is a rare consequence of small-bowel enteropathy, and usually occurs as a result of longstanding ingestion of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. DD is characterized by multiple strictures and saccular dilatations leading to symptoms of subacute intestinal obstruction. Often, the diagnosis is made on histological examination after laparotomy and resection of diseased small bowel.Case HistoryHere, we report a case of an elderly female who suffered for many years from chronic, colicky abdominal pain and anaemia due to undiagnosed diaphragm disease. Eventually, she was referred to our surgical team because of a retained enteroscopy capsule. The diagnosis was made after laparotomy and bowel resection. This surgical intervention alleviated chronic symptoms, and the patient remained well at 1-year follow-up.ConclusionsThis case highlights the difficulty of diagnosing diaphragm disease without laparotomy and bowel resection. A high index of suspicion must be exercised in any patient with chronic, colicky abdominal pain and anaemia together with multiple strictures and saccular dilatations on computed tomography even in the absence of longstanding NSAID ingestion. Moreover, capsule enteroscopy should be avoided as a diagnostic modality of small-bowel disease if computed tomography raises the suspicion of strictures.
Incarcerated umbilical Littre’s hernia at the trocar site of a previous laparoscopic surgical procedure
Authors: Bailon-Cuadrado M , Rodriguez-Lopez M , Blanco-Alvarez JI , Rodriguez-Vielba PL 
Published: April 2016

Introduction Prevalence of Littre’s hernia (protrusion of a Meckel´s diverticulum through an opening in the abdominal wall) is very low, and Littre’s hernias found in an umbilical site are uncommon. Even rarer are cases of an incarcerated hernia resulting in a surgical emergency. Trocar-site hernias are a relatively common complication after laparoscopic cholecystectomy that develop in association with insertion of wide trocars (usually at the umbilical port). Case History A 63-year-old female with a history of obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, laparoscopic cholecystectomy and open hysterectomy arrived at hospital complaining of acute umbilical pain but with no other symptoms or fever. A painful mass observed was believed to be an incarcerated umbilical hernia at a trocar site used in previous laparoscopic surgery. Emergency surgery was undertaken: the opening of the hernia sac revealed a Meckel’s diverticulum within it. The Meckel’s diverticulum was resected using a stapler, followed by herniorrhaphy and hernioplasty. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. Conclusion An incarcerated umbilical Littre’s hernia at a laparoscopic trocar site has not been reported before. To avoid this complication, we agree with the numerous authors who recommend closure of trocar sites of width ≥10mm
Possibilities for Inclusive Family and Community in Beth Stroud’s “Walking in the Light”
Authors: Spencer Leland G. , Lynch John 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Acceptance of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals by Christian churches has been uneven at best, with renewed condemnation following each progressive step. Yet LGB Christians remain in denominations whose attitudes toward their sexuality range from mere tolerance to outright condemnation. To make sense of this, we turn to the case of the Rev. Beth Stroud who came out as a lesbian in a 2003 sermon she delivered at the First United Methodist Church of Germantown, Pennsylvania. Stroud turned to Christian and queer images of family that blurred the lines between family and community, and she used a metonymy of “making casseroles” to encourage the congregation to engage in an array of inclusive community building practices. By crafting images of queer family and mobilizing them alongside calls for tactics that create inclusive communities, Stroud’s language highlights the potential for crafting an accepting and inclusive Christian community that might help those LGB and queer persons whose lives are imbricated in the church.
Influence of exogenous polyamines on antioxidant defence and essential oil production in valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) plants under drought stress
Authors: MUSTAFAVI Seyed Hamid , SHEKARI Fariborz , MALEKI Hamid Hatami 
Published: April 2016

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of foliar application of polyamines (PAs) on antioxidant defence and essential oil production of valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) grown under different drought stress treatments (100, 70, 50 and 30% available water content). This study was carried out using pots in greenhouse condition. Drought–stressed valerian seedlings were sprayed with 1 mM concentration of each putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm). The results showed that drought stress significantly affected most biochemical characteristics of valerian plants. Characteristics including leaf relative water content, chlorophyll a and b contents were decreased, while carotenoids and electrolyte leakage were increased with the increase of water stress. In this research, defensive characteristics comprising proline content, soluble sugars, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase were increased followed by drought stress to ameliorate the adverse effect of it. Results revealed that foliar application of Spd and Spm provoked the antioxidant enzymes activity as well as proline accumulation in valerian which alleviate the membrane damages. Consequently, Spd and Spm increased photosynthetic pigments which act as energy supply for plant growth and production. Here, putrescine had detrimental effects on CAT activity and Chl a content. Albeit, PAs presented remarkable effects under moderate drought stress condition but it showed reverse trends in severe drought stress condition. In terms of quantity and quality yield, drought stress reduced root growth but increased the concentration of essential oils. PAs are able to alleviate water deficit-induced diminish root growth. These results suggest that in moderate drought stress, growers can use PAs to increase productivity valerian.
Parasitoid inventarisation of European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner, 1796) and options for its biological control in Slovenia
Authors: RAZINGER Jaka , MODIC Špela , HERZ Annette , UREK Gregor 
Published: April 2016

European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) (ECB) is an important maize pest in central and northern Europe. Presently it is controlled by insecticides or biological agents such as Trichogramma brassicae in several European countries, excluding Slovenia, where the pest’s pressure is highly variable and no appropriate mechanization is available. Lessening the dependence on chemical pesticides is an integral part of the European Union’s agenda for agriculture. Mass release of Trichogramma spp. could be seen as a promising alternative for ECB control in countries with a highly fluctuating ECB pressure and no mechanization for insecticide applications. However, no records of naturally occurring hymenopteran parasitoids of ECB exist in Slovenia. To address this important under-researched topic and provide the expert basis for potential introduction of ECB egg parasitoids in Slovene maize production, a systematic inventarisation programme of ECB parasitoids was launched in 2010. Additionally, ECB flight was monitored in 2011 and 2012 at two locations in Slovenia: Jablje and Rakičan. In both locations two ECB generations were observed. ECB was fist observed at the end of May in Rakičan. During the five years of the systematic survey we discovered two ECB parasitoid species. ECB egg masses were parasitized by Trichogramma brassicae, whereas ECB pupae were parasitized by Tycherus nigridens, with 6 or 7 % parasitation rate, respectively. T. nigridens represents a new taxon report for Slovenia. We conclude that there is a strong need for undertaking systematic surveys of natural enemies of agricultural pests.