bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping the spatial distribution of harmful umbilical cord stump care among neonates in Ethiopia: A spatial with multilevel analysis
Authors: Bantie Berihun , Moges Natnael , Awoke Worku , Azene Abebaw Gedef 
Published: October 2024

Introduction
The umbilical cord (UC) serves as the main pathway for bacteria to reach the neonate’s body, potentially causing local and severe infections, sepsis, and even death. Consequently, neonatal mortality remains a significant public health concern, particularly in Ethiopia. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that the umbilical cord stump be kept clean and dry, with the exception of applying topical antiseptics. However, various harmful substances are still applied to the umbilical cord of neonates. Data on the geographical distribution and risk factors for harmful umbilical cord stump (UCS) care are scarce. Therefore, this study aims to fill this gap.

Methods
A secondary data analysis of the Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey (EDHS 2016) was conducted using a weighted sample of 7,168 live births. ArcGIS version 10.7.1 software was utilized to visualize the spatial distribution of harmful umbilical cord stump (UCS) care practices in Ethiopia. Additionally, a Bernoulli probability model-based spatial scan statistic was applied using Kulldorff’s SaTScan version 9.6 software to identify significant clusters of harmful UCS care. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to determine the factors associated with UCS care practices in Ethiopia. Statistical significance was declared at a two-sided P-value of < 0.05.

Results
Overall, the prevalence of harmful UCS care in Ethiopia was 15.09% (95% CI: 13.9–16.3), with significant spatial heterogeneity across geographical areas. The hotspot areas of harmful US care were observed in the eastern (Somali) and northern (Tigray and Amhara) parts of Ethiopia. In spatial scan analysis, the most likely primary clusters were observed in South Nation Nationalities and Peoples region (SNNPR), secondary clusters in the Somali, tertiary clusters in Tigray, and the next clusters in the Amhara regions, respectively. In the final multilevel model, maternal age (Adjusted odds ratio/AOR 1.07, 95% CI: 1.02–1.12), institutional delivery (AOR 0.64, 95% CI: 0.42–0.97), female neonates (AOR 1.31, 95% CI: 1.04–1.61), rural residence (AOR 2.18, 95% CI: 1.05–4.52), living in Tigray region (AOR 3.79, 95% CI: 1.38–9.38), living in Somali region (AOR, 2.95% CI: 1.02–8.52), and living in Harari region (AOR 3.51, 95% CI: 1.28–9.60) were identified as a significant factors of harmful US care practice in Ethiopia.

Conclusion
In Ethiopia, the distribution of harmful UCS care practices is non-random and highly clustered in the SNNPR, Somalia, Tigray, and Amhara regions. Both individual and community-level factors were significantly associated with the practice. Special emphasis needs to be provided for neonates from those hot-spot areas and to address the identified predictors of harmful umbilical cord stump care practices.
Does spastic myopathy determine active movement and ambulation speed in chronic spastic paresis?—A cross-sectional study on plantar flexors
Authors: Pradines Maud , Jabouille François , Fontenas Enguerran , Baba Aissa Idriss , Gault-Colas Caroline , Baude Marjolaine , Guihard Marina , Gros Karine , Gracies Jean-Michel 
Published: October 2024

Background
Functional correlates of spastic myopathy, the muscle disorder of spastic paresis, are unknown.

Objective
To explore reciprocal relationships between clinical and structural parameters of plantar flexors with i) ambulation speed, ii) dorsiflexion and plantarflexion torques in chronic hemiparesis.

Methods
Cross-sectional trial in chronic stroke-induced hemiparesis (>6 months). Plantar flexors were quantified through i) the Five Step Assessment: maximal extensibility (XV1), active range of dorsiflexion (XA); ii) ultrasonography: fascicle length (Lf) and thickness (Th) of medial gastrocnemius (GAS) and soleus (SOL), knee extended in an isokinetic ergometer, ankle at 80% XV1-GAS. Maximal isometric torques in plantar flexion (PF) and dorsiflexion (DF) and maximal barefoot 10-meter ambulation speed were collected. Relationships between structural, biomechanical, clinical and functional parameters were explored using non-parametric testing (Spearman).

Results
Twenty-one subjects (age 58.0±8.4, mean±SD, time since lesion 7.8±5.7 years) were recruited, with the following characteristics: ambulation speed, 0.77±0.37m/sec; XV1-SOL 92.7±10.3°; XV1-GAS 91.3±9.6°; XA-SOL 86.9±10.0°; XA-GAS 7676±14.2°; LfGAS, 58.2±18.3mm; ThGAS, 17.1±3.6 mm; LfSOL, 36.0±9.6 mm; ThSOL, 13.8±3.3mm; PF peak-torque 46.5±34.1Nm, DF peak-torque, 20.1±19.1Nm. XA-SOL and XA-GAS strongly correlated with XV1-SOL and XV1-GAS respectively (ρ = 0.74, p = 4E-04; resp ρ = 0.60, p = 0.0052). Ambulation speed moderately correlated with LfGAS (ρ = 0.51, p = 0.054), ThGAS (ρ = 0.58, p = 0.02) and LfSOL (ρ = 0.63, p = 0.009). DF and PF peak-torques both correlated with LfGAS (ρ = 0.53, p = 0.04) a; resp. ρ = 0.71, p = 0.0015).

Conclusion
In chronic hemiparesis, active dorsiflexion is mostly determined by plantar flexor extensibility. Plantar flexor fascicle shortening is associated with reduced ambulation speed and ankle torques. Attempts to restore plantar flexor extensibility might be important objectives for gait rehabilitation in chronic hemiparesis.
Personalized music for cognitive and psychological symptom management during mechanical ventilation in critical care: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Menza Rebecca , Howie-Esquivel Jill , Bongiovanni Tasce , Tang Julin , Johnson Julene K. , Leutwyler Heather 
Published: October 2024

Introduction
Patients experience high symptom burden during critical care hospitalization and mechanical ventilation. Medications are of limited effectiveness and are associated with increased morbidity such as delirium and long-term cognitive and psychological impairments. Music-based interventions have been used for pain and anxiety management in critical care but remain understudied in terms of music selection and range of symptoms. This study aimed to describe the ways in which a diverse sample of critically ill adults used personalized music listening and their perceptions of the effects of music listening on symptom experience after critical injury.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews (N = 14) of adult patients, families and friends who were provided with personalized music in an urban, academic, neurotrauma intensive care unit were collected and analyzed with grounded theory methodology. Open coding of transcripts, field notes and memos was performed using Atlas.ti.9.1. Recruitment and data collection were deemed complete once thematic saturation was achieved.

Results
We identified 6 uses of personalized music listening in critical care: 1) Restoring consciousness; 2) Maintaining cognition; 3) Humanizing the hospital experience; 4) Providing a source of connection; 5) Improving psychological wellbeing; and 6) Resolving the problems of silence. Patients used music to address psychological experiences of loneliness, fear, confusion, and loss of control. Personalized music helped patients maintain their identity and process their trauma. Additional benefits of music included experiencing pleasure, hope, resilience, and feelings of normalcy. Patients disliked being sedated and used music to wake up. Findings also highlighted the problem of the lack of meaningful stimulation in critical care.

Conclusion
Critically injured adults used personalized music to achieve psychological and cognitive homeostasis during critical care hospitalization. These results can inform future studies designed to explore the use of music-based interventions to prevent and treat the cognitive and emotional morbidity of critical care.
Estimasi Slip Rate di Sesar Semangko menggunakan ALOS PALSAR 1
Authors: Anggara Ongky , Alif Satrio Muhammad , Simarmata Jelita Rizki , Sitinjak Elysabet 
Published: October 2024

Provinsi Lampung merupakan salah satu pulau yang memiliki potensi bencana gempa bumi di masa mendatang dikarenakan berada dalam jalur sesar Sumatera yaitu Sesar Semangko. Potensi gempa bumi di zona sesar Semangko dapat diestimasi dengan menghitung slip rate sesar Semangko. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi slip rate sesar Semangko menggunakan data Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Phased Array L-band SAR (PALSAR 1) dengan rentang data 2007 hingga 2010. Data InSAR diestimasi menggunakan metode the small baseline subset (SBAS) InSAR time-series technique dengan menggunakan koreksi velocity dari stasiun GNSS. Hasil LOS velocity InSAR terkoreksi dengan velocity stasiun GNSS sebesar 2,97 mm/tahun sampai dengan 8,67 mm/tahun. Hasil estimasi slip rate sesar Semangko menggunakan ALOS PALSAR 1 sebesar 11,40 mm/tahun.
Bayesian intelligence for medical diagnosis: a pilot study on patient disposition for emergency medicine chest pain
Authors: Perlin Mark W. , Accilien Yves-Dany 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Clinicians can rapidly and accurately diagnose disease, learn from experience, and explain their reasoning. Computational Bayesian medical decision-making might replicate this expertise. This paper assesses a computer system for diagnosing cardiac chest pain in the emergency department (ED) that decides whether to admit or discharge a patient.

Methods
The system can learn likelihood functions by counting data frequency. The computer compares patient and disease data profiles using likelihood. It calculates a Bayesian probabilistic diagnosis and explains its reasoning. A utility function applies the probabilistic diagnosis to produce a numerical BAYES score for making a medical decision.

Results
We conducted a pilot study to assess BAYES efficacy in ED chest pain patient disposition. Binary BAYES decisions eliminated patient observation. We compared BAYES to the HEART score. On 100 patients, BAYES reduced HEART’s false positive rate 18-fold from 58.7 to 3.3 %, and improved ROC AUC accuracy from 0.928 to 1.0.

Conclusions
The pilot study results were encouraging. The data-driven BAYES score approach could learn from frequency counting, make fast and accurate decisions, and explain its reasoning. The computer replicated these aspects of diagnostic expertise. More research is needed to reproduce and extend these finding to larger diverse patient populations.
Request for confirmation sequences in Yurakaré
Authors: Gipper Sonja 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article describes the resources employed by speakers of Yurakaré (isolate, Bolivia) for formulating and responding to requests for confirmation (RfCs). In Yurakaré, RfC turns are predominantly formatted with positive polarity and falling final intonation. Confirming responses to positive polarity RfCs and disconfirming responses to negative polarity RfCs with truth-conditional negation show a preference for repeat format. Moreover, Yurakaré exhibits a functional differentiation of repeat vs response token format in confirming responses to positive polarity RfCs, a repeat being the default format for plain confirmations of RfCs that introduce a new proposition into the discourse. The Yurakaré data presented in this article contribute to our knowledge of the cross-linguistic response possibility space, providing evidence for the capability of repeats to convey plain and unmarked confirming responses, contesting theories of interaction that propose response tokens to universally constitute the unmarked format for confirming responses across languages.
АППРОКСИМАЦИЯ ИЗОБРАЖЕНИЯ МАЛОРАЗМЕРНОГО ПОДВИЖНОГО ОБЪЕКТА, ФОРМИРУЕМОГО СКАНИРУЮЩИМ МНОГОРЯДНЫМ ФОТОПРИЁМНИКОМ
Authors: В.В. АБИЛОВ , Г.И. ГРОМИЛИН , В.П. КОСЫХ , В.А. СТРЕЛЬЦОВ , Н.С. ЯКОВЕНКО 
Published: October 2024

Исследуется возможность повышения точности измерения координат и яркости малоразмерных подвижных объектов в последовательности изображений, формируемых сканирующим многорядным фотоприёмником. Повышение точности достигается за счёт аппроксимации изображения объекта функцией, параметрами которой являются яркость объекта и смещение центра его проекции относительно решётки фоточувствительных ячеек (ФЧЯ) приёмника. Критериями качества аппроксимации выступают, с одной стороны, среднеквадратичная разность между изображением объекта и аппроксимирующей функцией, с другой - разброс оценок его координат и яркости в зависимости от положения относительно центра ячейки фотоприёмника в серии изображений. На сериях изображений, полученных посредством проецирования освещённой диафрагмы малого диаметра в плоскость фоточувствительного слоя приёмника, сравниваются несколько наиболее распространённых функций, обычно применяемых для аппроксимации дискретных изображений малоразмерных объектов. Показано, что даже при достаточно высоком уровне случайного шума применение аппроксимирующей модели позволяет оценить координаты объекта со среднеквадратичной ошибкой, не превышающей 20 % от шага решётки ФЧЯ.
The work is devoted to studying the possibility of increasing the accuracy of measuring the coordinates and brightness of small-sized moving objects in a sequence of images formed by a scanning multi-row photodetector. The measurement is based on approximating the object image with a function whose parameters are the object brightness and the shift of its projection center relative to the nodes of the array of photosensitive cells (PSC) of the receiver. The approximation quality criteria are, on the one hand, the root-mean-square difference between the object image and the approximating function, and on the other hand, the spread of its coordinates and brightness estimates depending on the position relative to the center of the photodetector cell in a series of images. Several of the most popular functions commonly used to approximate a discrete image of a small-sized object are compared on a series of images obtained by projecting an illuminated small-diameter diaphragm into the plane of the photosensitive layer of the receiver. It is shown that, even with a sufficiently high level of random noise, the use of an approximating model allows one to estimate the coordinates of an object with a root-mean-square error not exceeding 20% of the PSC lattice step.
МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ ГРАВИТАЦИИ НА ПРОЦЕСС ДЕГАЗАЦИИ МЕТАНОНОСНЫХ УГОЛЬНЫХ ПЛАСТОВ
Authors: М.В. КУРЛЕНЯ , К.Х. ЛИ , В.Г. КАЗАНЦЕВ , Х.У. ЛИ , В.С. ЗЫКОВ 
Published: October 2024

Аппарат теории нестационарной термоупругости применен для оценки раздельного и совместного действия сорбционного давления газа и гравитации на процесс дегазации и формирование напряженного состояния в окрестности горных выработок. Показано, что фильтрация газа изменяет напряженное состояние угольного массива, а сорбционное давление оказывает существенное противодействие гравитационному, пренебрежение которым может привести к недостаточно обоснованному выбору технологий дегазации пласта угля, а также к ошибкам прогноза прочности и устойчивости горных пород.
The apparatus of nonstationary thermoelasticity is used to estimate the joint and separate effects of gas pressure sorption and gravity on gas drainage and on stress state in the vicinity of underground openings. It is shown that gas flow changes the stress state of coal, and pressure in sorption essentially counteracts pressure in gravity. Ignorance of the latter fact may lead to a poorly substantiated choice of a coal gas drainage technology and to an erroneous prediction of rock strength and stability.
ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ ГРАНУЛОМЕТРИЧЕСКОГО СОСТАВА УГЛЕЙ ПРИ ДРОБЛЕНИИ НА ЛАБОРАТОРНОЙ ШНЕКО-ЗУБЧАТОЙ ДРОБИЛКЕ
Authors: Ю.Ф. ПАТРАКОВ , А.И. СТЕПАНЕНКО , С.М. НИКИТЕНКО , С.А. СЕМЕНОВА , А.А. СТЕПАНЕНКО 
Published: October 2024

Представлены результаты дробления углей на лабораторной шнеко-зубчатой дробилке. Образцами служили товарные пробы углей разных месторождений России, Казахстана и Кыргызстана. На основе анализа изменения количественных выходов гранулометрических составов установлено, что независимо от местонахождения месторождений углей и их марочной принадлежности использование дробилки шнеко-зубчатого типа при подготовке сырья к обогащению не приводит к существенному переизмельчению угля.
The article presents the results of toothed screw crushing of coal on a laboratory scale. The samples are the marketable coal from different deposits in Russia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. From the analysis of change in the quantity outputs of grain sizes, it is found that irrespective of the coal field location and coal grade, the use of a toothed screw crusher in coal preparation for dressing leads to no overgrinding of coal.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ВЫПУСКА УГЛЯ ИЗ ПОДКРОВЕЛЬНОЙ ТОЛЩИ СРЕДСТВАМИ ИМИТАЦИОННОГО МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ
Authors: В.И. КЛИШИН , А.Н. СТАРОДУБОВ , В.А. КРАМАРЕНКО , А.Н. КАДОЧИГОВА , А.В. КАПЛУН 
Published: October 2024

Рассмотрена новая конструкция механизированной крепи для разработки мощных угольных пластов с выпуском подкровельной толщи угля, предусматривающая его контролируемый выпуск с помощью специального выпускного окна и питателя, совершающего возвратно-поступательное движение. Внедрение подобной технологии нуждается в предварительном тестировании, изучении режимных параметров выпуска секций, при которых обеспечивается максимально допустимое заполнение лавного конвейера без перегрузки и динамических явлений. Для изучения технологии создана имитационная модель в среде Rocky DEM, учитывающая физический эффект разрушения горного массива на основе метода дискретных элементов и позволяющая изменять конструктивные и режимные параметры работы крепей. Проведенные эксперименты позволяют оценить взаимную зависимость средней скорости выпуска угля на конвейер от угла наклона заслона и от частоты колебаний питателя.
The new design of a powered roof support for the controlled longwall top coal caving in thick coal seams contains a special outlet and a reciprocating feeder. The introduction of such technology needs pre-testing and analysis of the outlet modes per the support units, such that to ensure the maximum allowable fill of the longwall conveyor without its overloading and dynamic phenomena. Created in Rocky DEM environment with that end in view, the simulation model takes into account the physical effect of rock mass fracture using the discrete element method, and enables variation in the design parameters and operating conditions of the powered roof support. The implemented experiments make it possible to assess the interdependence of the average velocity of coal outlet to the conveyor, the outlet gate angle and the feeder vibration frequency.
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ МЕТОДА ДИСКРЕТНЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ ДЛЯ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ МЕХАНИЗМА ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ПОТЕРЬ РУДЫ ПРИМЕНИТЕЛЬНО К УСЛОВИЯМ ТОРЦЕВОГО ВЫПУСКА
Authors: В.В. ЛАПТЕВ , С.В. ЛУКИЧЕВ 
Published: October 2024

Приведены результаты численного моделирования процесса торцевого выпуска руды, полученные методом дискретных элементов. Работа включала в себя стадии разработки методики моделирования, создание и калибровку численных моделей, анализ результатов. Установлены оптимальные параметры конструктивных элементов системы разработки, способствующие снижению потерь при выпуске в условиях отработки хибинских апатит-нефелиновых месторождений. Получены некоторые закономерности поведения горной массы при ее выпуске. Представлен механизм образования потерь.
The article describes numerical modeling of sublevel stoping using the discrete element method. The study included development of a modeling procedure, creation and calibration of the numerical models, and the result analysis. The optimal design parameters of structural components of the mining system are found, which are promotive of reduced ore losses in sublevel stoping at the Khibiny apatite-nepheline deposits. Some behavioral patterns of rock mass during sublevel stoping are obtained. The mechanism of ore losses is described.
ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ДИНАМИКИ ЗОЛОТНИКОВОГО РАСПРЕДЕЛИТЕЛЯ С ДРОССЕЛЬНЫМ УПРАВЛЕНИЕМ
Authors: Л.В. ГОРОДИЛОВ , В.Г. КУДРЯВЦЕВ 
Published: October 2024

Исследована схема управления характеристиками рабочего цикла гидроударного устройства, основанная на задержке движения бойка перед фазой обратного хода. Задержка осуществляется за счет дроссельного регулирования давления в гидравлической камере золотникового распределителя. Проведены испытания физической модели гидроударного устройства с указанной схемой распределения, определены основные энергетические характеристики. В опытах изменялись настройки дросселей и пружины, производящей возврат золотника распределителя в исходное состояние, подаваемый к устройству расход жидкости. Приведены осциллограммы динамических характеристик гидроударного устройства, зависимости регулировочной характеристики распределителя от параметров дросселей, подаваемого к устройству расхода и предварительного натяга пружины. Построены зависимости энергетических характеристик гидроударного устройства от давления задержки и расхода, отражающие возможности их регулирования по предлагаемой схеме управления рабочим циклом. Проанализированы осциллограммы движения золотника в течение рабочего цикла, определены его особенности и недостатки. Предложена конструкция дроссельного регулятора, позволяющая получить режимы работы гидроударного устройства с фиксированными характеристиками.
The authors analyze the control circuit of the work process-related parameters of a hydraulic impactor with the piston retention before the back stroke phase. Retention is implemented via the throttle control of pressure in the hydraulic cell of the slide valve. The physical model of such hydraulic impactor is tested, and its energy characteristics are determined. The tests included re-tuning of throttles and slide homing spring, and variation in fluid flow rate. The article presents oscillograms of the hydraulic impactor dynamics and the slide performance versus throttle parameters, fluid flow rate and the spring pre-tension. The curves of the hydraulic impactor energy, retention pressure and fluid flow rate illustrate the energy adjustability using the proposed performance control circuit. The oscillograms of the slide motion during its work cycle are plotted, the features and shortages of the process are determined. The proposed design of the throttle valve provides the steady-state performance of hydraulic impactors.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ФАЗОВЫХ ПЕРЕХОДОВ В МИНЕРАЛИЗОВАННЫХ ПОРОВЫХ ВОДАХ ПРИ ИСКУССТВЕННОМ ЗАМОРАЖИВАНИИ ГРУНТОВ
Authors: М.А. СЕМИН , С.А. БУБЛИК 
Published: October 2024

Изучено влияние фазовых переходов во влажных грунтах, содержащих растворенную поваренную соль, на процесс их искусственного замораживания. Рассмотрены эффекты, связанные с теплотой кристаллизации поровой воды при отрицательных температурах, а также с теплотой кристаллизации соли при достижении точки эвтектики. Сделаны выводы о возможности достижения точки эвтектики в искусственно замораживаемых грунтах надсолевых толщ соляных месторождений. С помощью математической модели тепловых процессов в искусственно замораживаемой глине, содержащей раствор поваренной соли, проанализировано влияние смещения точки эвтектики на поле температур замораживаемого грунта.
The influence of phase transitions in moist and salt-containing soil on freezing process is analyzed. The effects connected with the crystallization heat of pore water under negative temperatures and with the crystallization heat of salt when the eutectic point is reached are discussed. The conclusions on reachability of the eutectic point in artificially frozen strata above saline are drawn. Using a mathematical mode of heat processes in artificially frozen clay containing the common salt solution, the influence of the offset of the eutectic point on the temperature field in the frozen ground is analyzed.