bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment and Synthesis of 50 Years of Published Drainage Phosphorus Losses
Authors: Christianson L. E. , Harmel R. D. , Smith D. , Williams M. R. , King K. 
Published: June 2016

The prevalence of anthropogenic drainage systems in intensively cropped areas across North America combined with the degradation of important freshwater resources in these regions has created a critical intersection where understanding phosphorus (P) transport in drainage waters is vital. In this study, drainage‐associated nutrient load data were retrieved and quantitatively analyzed to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the P loading and crop yield impacts of agronomic management practices within drained landscapes. Using the Drain Load table in the MANAGE (Measured Annual Nutrient loads from AGricultural Environments) database, the effect of factors such as soil characteristics, tillage, and nutrient management on P loading were analyzed. Across site‐years, generally less than 2% of applied P was lost in drainage water, which corroborates the order of magnitude difference between agronomic P application rates and P loadings that can cause deleterious water quality impacts. The practice of no‐till significantly increased drainage dissolved P loads compared with conventional tillage (0.12 vs. 0.04 kg P ha−1). The timing and method of P application are both known to be important for P losses, but these conclusions could not be verified due to low site‐year counts. Findings indicate there is a substantial need for additional field‐scale studies documenting not only P losses in drainage water but also important cropping management, nutrient application, soil property, and drainage design impacts on such losses.Core Ideas
Used the MANAGE water quality database to evaluate factors affecting drainage P loss.
Generally less than 2% of applied P was lost in drainage across all studies.
P application timing/method are important, but sparse data limited the assessment.
The scarcity of drainage P data relative to N is a critical gap in understanding.
An Evaluation of the Contribution of Macro‐ and Microelements from Colonial Nesting Waterbirds to Surface Water
Authors: Telesford‐Checkley Judlyn M. , Mora Miguel A. , Boellstorff Diane E. , Provin Tony L. 
Published: June 2016

Macro‐ and microelements contained in the feces of cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis) and other colonial birds in heronries can be sources of contamination of nearby waterways. Concentrations of the macroelements potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), sulfur (S) and the microelements zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and boron (B) were measured in water and fecal samples collected from four locations containing heronries during the breeding seasons of 2011, 2012, and 2013. Nitrogen and phosphorus were measured but not reported in this study. Concentrations of K in feces ranged from 8.19 × 103 ± 4.38 × 102 to 4.88 × 104 ± 7.57 × 102 mg kg−1, and concentrations in water ranged from 3.92 ± 0.05 to 17.93 ± 0.37 mg L−1. Similarly, concentrations of Ca in feces ranged from 4.17 × 103 ± 1.84 × 103 to 1.16 × 104 ± 4.14 × 103 mg L−1, and concentrations in water ranged from 25.28 ± 0.89 to 67.88 ± 2.02 mg L−1. When birds nested directly over water, concentrations of K, Ca, and Mg in water were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than concentrations in water adjacent to birds nesting on islands. The results from this study show that macroelements from avian feces have the potential to enrich surface water and to negatively affect surface water quality. These results provide information regarding the contribution of nutrients from heronries (comprised primarily by cattle egrets) to watersheds.Core Ideas
Deposition of inorganic elements to soil and water from bird feces is dependent on heronry size.
Potassium, Ca, and Mg are the main elements deposited from avian feces to water.
Birds nesting over or near water contribute significant amounts of nutrients to water.
Impact of Kura Clover Living Mulch on Nitrous Oxide Emissions in a Corn–Soybean System
Authors: Turner Peter A. , Baker John M. , Griffis Timothy J. , Venterea Rodney T. 
Published: June 2016

Nitrous oxide (N2O), produced primarily in agricultural soils, is a potent greenhouse gas and is the dominant ozone‐depleting substance. Efforts to reduce N2O emissions are underway, but mitigation results have been inconsistent. The leguminous perennial kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.) (KC) can grow side‐by‐side with cash crops in rotational corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean (Glycine max L.) systems. With biological nitrogen fixation, KC provides land managers an opportunity to reduce external fertilizer inputs, which may diminish problematic N2O emissions. To investigate the effect of a KC living mulch on N2O emissions, automated soil chambers coupled to a N2O analyzer were used to measure hourly fluxes from April through October in a 2‐yr corn–soybean (CS) rotation. Emissions from the KC treatment were significantly greater than those from the conventional CS treatment despite the fact that the KC treatment received substantially less inorganic nitrogen fertilizer. A seasonal tradeoff was observed with the KC treatment wherein emissions before strip‐tillage were reduced but were surpassed by high losses after strip‐tillage and postanthesis. These results represent the first reported measurements of N2O emissions from a KC‐based living mulch. The findings cast doubt on the efficacy of KC for mitigating N2O loss in CS systems. However, if KC reduces nitrate leaching losses, as has been reported elsewhere, it may result in lower indirect (offsite) N2O emissions.Core Ideas
Kura clover living mulch increased total N2O emissions.
Nitrogen scavenging by the kura clover living mulch may have reduced spring N2O emissions.
Emissions in the kura clover treatment were affected by soil disturbance and plant stress.
Corn and soybean yield were only marginally affected by kura clover living mulch.
Comparison of the Physical and Chemical Properties of Laboratory and Field‐Aged Biochars
Authors: Bakshi Santanu , Aller Deborah M. , Laird David A. , Chintala Rajesh 
Published: June 2016

The long‐term impact of biochar on soil properties and agronomic outcomes is influenced by changes in the physical and chemical properties of biochars that occur with time (aging) in soil environments. Fresh biochars, however, are often used in studies because aged biochars are generally unavailable. Therefore, a need exists to develop a method for rapid aging of biochars in the laboratory. The objectives of this study were to compare the physicochemical properties of fresh, laboratory‐aged (LA), and field‐aged (FA) (≥3 yr) biochars and to assess the appropriateness of a laboratory aging procedure that combines acidification, oxidation, and incubations as a mimic to field aging in neutral or acidic soil environments. Twenty‐two biochars produced by fast and slow pyrolysis, and gasification techniques from five different biomass feedstocks (hardwood, corn stover, soybean stover, macadamia nut shells, and switchgrass) were studied. In general, both laboratory and field aging caused similar increases in ash‐free volatile matter (% w/w), cation and anion exchange capacities, specific surface area, and modifications in oxygen‐containing surface functional groups of the biochars. However, ash content increased for FA (18–195%) and decreased for LA (22–74%) biochars, and pH decreased to a greater extent for LA (2.8–6.7 units) than for FA (1.6–3.8 units) biochars. The results demonstrate that the proposed laboratory aging procedure is effective for predicting the direction of changes in biochar properties on field aging. However, in the future we recommend using a less aggressive acid treatment.Core IdeasMajor biochar aging mechanisms are leaching, surface oxidation, and DOC adsorption.Biochar aging depends on types of feedstocks and thermochemical techniques.VM/FC and H/Corgratios of biochar are complementary indices of biochar stability.Laboratory aging can assess the long‐term impacts of biochar on soil properties.
A Fourier‐Transform Infrared Study of Biochar Aging in Soils
Authors: Singh B. , Fang Y. , Johnston C.T. 
Published: June 2016

Core Ideas
Aged biochars in different soils were analyzed using DR‐FTIR in this study.
Native soil organic C, biochar C, and minerals created distinct absorption bands.
Ar/Al band ratio systematically changed in soils with high‐temperature biochar.
Ar/Al ratios and biochar C mineralized in the soils were linearly correlated.
DR‐FTIR is a simple procedure for long‐term monitoring of high‐temperature biochars.
We used diffuse reflectance Fourier‐transform infrared (DR‐FTIR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and chemical and isotopic analyses to characterize the light fraction of four contrasting soils (control and biochar‐amended soils) to determine changes in biochar properties after aging. Two Eucalyptus saligna Sm. wood biochars, produced at 450°C (B450) and 550°C (B550), were incubated separately in each of the four soils for up to 12 mo at 20, 40, and 60°C. Total C and isotopic (δ13C) methods were used to quantify the amounts of biochar C and native C mineralized during incubation. The DR‐FTIR spectra of the light fraction showed distinct absorption bands representing native soil organic C, biochar C, and mineral constituents present in the soils; the mineral bands were consistent with XRD data of the clay fraction of the four soils. Analysis of the DR‐FTIR spectra in the ν(C–H) bands showed that the ratio of the aromatic ν(C–H) bands systematically increased relative to the aliphatic ν(C–H) bands with increasing mineralization of biochar C in the B550 amended soils, and this relationship was unique for each soil type. In contrast, this relationship was not observed for the B450 amended soils that contained a relatively smaller proportion of aromatic C.
Inflow Rate Impact on Hillslope Erosion Processes and Flow Hydrodynamics
Authors: Li Guifang , Zheng Fenli , Lu Jia , Xu Ximeng , Hu Wei , Han Yong 
Published: June 2016

Core Ideas
Effects of inflow rate on the Mollisol erosion process were examined.
Inflow rate effects on soil loss were dependent on the dominant erosion pattern.
When upslope inflow was included, soil loss increased 12 to 1950 times.
Different hydrodynamic parameters were crucial for sheet and rill erosion.
Inflow water from upslope is an extremely important factor that influences downslope erosion processes. Little information is available concerning how inflow water affects downslope erosion processes in the Chinese Mollisol region, where a large amount of runoff is generated from upslope. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of inflow rate on erosion processes and flow hydrodynamic parameters. A soil pan (10 m long, 1.5 m wide, and 0.5 m deep) was subjected to rainfall simulation and inflow experiments under one rainfall intensity (50 mm h−1), two slope gradients (5 and 10°), and five inflow rates (50, 100, 150, 200, and 300 L min −1). The result showed that when upslope inflow was included, soil loss increased 12 to 1950 times compared with no upslope inflow. When rill erosion dominated, rill erosion accounted for 52 to 90% of the total soil loss as the inflow rate increased from 50 to 300 L min−1. An increase in the inflow rate from 50 to 300 L min−1 caused the flow velocity to increase 0.6 to 7.8 and 1.7 to 12.9 times at 5 and 10° slopes, respectively, while the Darcy–Weisbach coefficient decreased from 13.5 to 95.4%. For sheet‐dominated erosion, significant linear regressions were fitted between shear stress, stream power, unit stream power, and inflow rate; but for rill‐dominated erosion, power functions were established between these flow hydrodynamic parameters and the inflow rate.
Market Segmentation, Customers, and Value Propositions Analysis for Polymer Clay Art Business Start-Up
Authors: Hidayat Desman , Suci Apriani Kurnia , Saliha Gita Khadijatu 
Published: June 2016

Polymer clay art is one of the creative businesses that are recently starting to get a lot of attentions. To prepare a startup business in this field, analysis from a lot of aspects is needed. The purpose of this article was to explain the approach of the polymer clay art business startup from the market segmentation, customer, and value proposition side of the business. The method was applied by analyzing those steps in details. The analysis started from brainstorming to choose the market matching to business, the customer side, value proposition, and between both aspects. The result of the analysis shows the business focus of the polymer clay art business, where the value propositions are focusing on unique decorations, and several types of customer segments.
Occurrence, environmental impacts and removal of legacy and emerging contaminants from two wastewater and one water treatment plant in Southern Ontario. Part II: environmental impacts
Authors: Tabe Shahram , Parrott Joanne , Nowierski Monica , Pileggi Vince , Kleywegt Sonya , Yang Paul 
Published: June 2016

This is part two of a paper about the potential environmental impacts of treated effluent from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) discharging to the Detroit River in Windsor, Ontario, Canada. The WWTP uses conventional activated sludge with nitrification.
The assessment was conducted over six months using a variety of established tests, including in vitro cell-based screening assays, as well as acute, chronic and full-life cycle in vivo exposures. Effluent monitoring included pharmaceutically active compounds and endocrine disrupting compounds.
No tests reported significant toxicity. However, enhanced algal growth was observed in a Pseudokerchneriella subcapitata growth inhibition test. In full life-cycle fathead minnow exposure, liver-somatic index changes were noted in exposed fish – increases for males, decreases for females – and production of viable fry decreased. Neither alteration is thought biologically significant. Because the effluent is diluted substantially by the receiving water, the level of risk posed to aquatic receptors and the environment is probably negligible.
A proteção ao meio ambiente em nível internacional através da avaliação dos impactos ambientais num contexto transfronteiriço
Authors: Maria Perillo Ferreira Rosana , Mª Alves Bitencourt e Freitas Vânia 
Published: June 2016

O presente trabalho é um estudo sobre a proteção ao meioambiente, tendo como objetivo apresentar uma abordagem sobre uma das modalidades de avaliação: os estudos de impacto ambiental em nível internacional, referenciado na Convenção Espoo, 1991 e no Protocolo Kiev, 2003, cujos signatários são os Estados-membros das Nações Unidas para a Europa. Observa-se que tanto a Convenção de Espoo, quanto o Protocolo de Kiev têm como objetivos prevenir os impactos negativos transfronteiriços, traçar estratégias e diretrizes, ouvindo a população dos países ditos de origem e os países afetados. Mecanismos como consultas públicas, notificações, dossiês, inquéritos e outros estão previstos nos instrumentos, que têm a precípua intenção de conscientizar os Estados signatários para a importância da discussão sobre o meio ambiente. Mesmo que estesinstrumentos não sejam cogentes, são considerados avanços, pois prevêem formas de resolução de conflitos, baseados tanto nas legislações dos países envolvidos, como na formação de Tribunais Arbitrais.
Ciência e Tecnologia para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Authors: De Almeida Ribeiro Fabrízio , Saraiva Rodrigues Olira , Vasconcelos Braga Juliana , Puglisi Marreto Luciane , Rodrigues Barbosa Alessandro , Fernandes Vieira Edmilson , Da Silva Cordeiro Robson , Tarciso Meirelles de Pina Siqueira Glauco 
Published: June 2016

O presente trabalho representa o registro de ações de dois projetos de ciência e tecnologia para o desenvolvimento social. O Centro de Recondicionamento de Computadores, que viabiliza a inclusão digital por meio da doação deequipamentos de informática recondicionados. Além de recondicionar equipamentos recebidos por doação para reinserção em projetos de inclusão digital, proporciona oportunidades de trabalho, formação profissional eeducacional para jovens. E, o Centro de Referência de Tecnologia Social, considerado ferramenta com potencial de divulgação de conhecimento e valores acerca de uma TS, é capaz de dispor tecnologias adaptadas da tecnologia convencional, que viabiliza economicamente os pequenosempreendimentos e os autogestionários e é voltado para as necessidades do mercado interno municipal e regional. Tais projetos objetivam contribuir para a inclusão e transformação social, por meio de ações que visam o desenvolvimento sócio-econômico responsável e ambientalmente sustentávelno município de Anápolis.
ANÁLISE DA QUESTÃO AMBIENTAL E QUALIDADE DE VIDA NOS ASSENTAMENTOS PRECÁRIOS DE ANÁPOLIS (GO): UM ESTUDO DE CASO DO NOVO PARAÍSO
Authors: Fernandes Borges Shayene , Socorro da Luz Janes , Helena A. da Silva Fregonezzi Luciana 
Published: June 2016

O presente trabalho analisa a questão ambiental e qualidade de vida no aglomerado subnormal Novo Paraíso em Anápolis (GO). Considera-se que a urbanização crescente do município influi na pressão sobre a ocupação e o uso do solo urbano, o que ocasiona a formação de ocupações irregulares e/ou emcondições precárias. Destaca-se que as áreas subnormais representam uma forma de expressão espacial ligada à pobreza urbana e a segregação residencial, representando um agravante da degradação ambiental. O exemplo enfatizado de área subnormal, Bairro Novo Paraíso, possui uma história que remete ao início na década de 1935 e, tradicionalmente vinculado à necessidade de abrigar pessoas portadoras de hanseníase fora do perímetro urbano.
Becoming a Mother in a Strange Land: What cultural care immigrant women experience in Portugal?
Authors: Coutinho Emília de Carvalho , Silva Alcione Leite , Lopes Cláudia Sofia Martins Silva , Parreira Vitória Barros Castro , Duarte João Carvalho , Nelas Paula Alexandra Batista , Chaves Cláudia Margarida Balula , Amaral Maria Odete 
Published: June 2016

Uma mulher que experimenta a maternidade no contexto da imigração, é suscetível a inadequações no atendimento, comprometendo sua própria experiência da gravidez e do parto e a satisfação com o atendimento. Este estudo pretende compreender as tradições, crenças e práticas de cuidado cultural relacionadas à gravidez, parto e pós-parto das mães imigrantes em Portugal. É um tipo de pesquisa qualitativa, utilizando a entrevista semi-estruturada, em que 60 mães imigrantes participaram. A análise de conteúdo foi apoiada por NVivo10. Várias crenças, tradições e práticas culturais associadas à gravidez, parto ou pós-parto, de diferentes culturas, são apresentadas. De especial relevância destacam-se as interdições e proibições impostas à mulher grávida...Palavras-Chave: Crenças; Práticas; Cuidado Cultural; Imigração; Maternidade
RANKL and OPG expression: Jiggling force affects root resorption in rats
Authors: Matsuda Yayoi , Motokawa Masahide , Kaku Masato , Sumi Hiromi , Tanne Kazuo , Tanimoto Kotaro 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: To immunohistochemically investigate the longitudinal changes in root resorption by jiggling force in experimental animal models.
Materials and Methods: Fifty-six 12-week-old male Wistar rats were used. The maxillary first molars were alternately moved in the buccal and lingual direction in 28 rats (experimental group) using an experimental appliance to produce jiggling forces of 10 g. In another 28 rats (control group), the maxillary first molars were moved in only the lingual direction with a force of 10 g. After 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, and 21 days, the maxillae were resected and subjected to immunohistochemical analysis. The resorption area was quantified histomorphometrically and the number of odontoclasts on the root surface was counted. Expression of RANKL and OPG was also examined by immunohistochemical staining.
Results: The root resorption area and the number of odontoclasts were significantly greater in the experimental group than in controls. Odontoclasts were detected in the resorption lacunae and PDL in the experimental group, whereas osteoclasts were located only along the alveolar bone in controls. OPG was detected on the alveolar bone in the experimental group and on the root surfaces of the controls.
Conclusions: Jiggling force is a critical factor in severe root resorption, affecting RANKL and OPG expression, which accelerates and inhibits odontoclastic induction, respectively.
Case Series of a Knowledge Translation Intervention to Increase Upper Limb Exercise in Stroke Rehabilitation
Authors: Connell Louise A. , McMahon Naoimh E. , Tyson Sarah F. , Watkins Caroline L. , Eng Janice J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackground and PurposeCurrent approaches to upper limb rehabilitation are not sufficient to drive neural reorganization and maximize recovery after stroke. To address this evidence-practice gap, a knowledge translation intervention using the Behaviour Change Wheel was developed. The intervention involves collaboratively working with stroke therapy teams to change their practice and increase therapy intensity by therapists prescribing supplementary self-directed arm exercise. The purposes of this case series are: (1) to provide an illustrative example of how a research-informed process changed clinical practice and (2) to report on staff members' and patients' perceptions of the utility of the developed intervention.Case DescriptionsA participatory action research approach was used in 3 stroke rehabilitation units in the United Kingdom. The intervention aimed to change 4 therapist-level behaviors: (1) screening patients for suitability for supplementary self-directed arm exercise, (2) provision of exercises, (3) involving family and caregivers in assisting with exercises, and (4) monitoring and progressing exercises. Data on changes in practice were collected by therapy teams using a bespoke audit tool. Utility of the intervention was explored in qualitative interviews with patients and staff.OutcomesComponents of the intervention were successfully embedded in 2 of the 3 stroke units. At these sites, almost all admitted patients were screened for suitability for supplementary self-directed exercise. Exercises were provided to 77%, 70%, and 88% of suitable patients across the 3 sites. Involving family and caregivers and monitoring and progressing exercises were not performed consistently.ConclusionsThis case series is an example of how a rigorous research-informed knowledge translation process resulted in practice change. Research is needed to demonstrate that these changes can translate into increased intensity of upper limb exercise and affect patient outcomes.
Fracturing and adhesion behavior of hydroxyapatite formed by a citric acid and sodium citrate buffer system
Authors: Aydin İbrahim , Çetinel Hakan , Pasinli Ahmet , Yuksel Mithat 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This study aims to examine the fracture and surface adhesion behavior of hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings created in acitric acid – sodium citrate buffer system. Coatings were implemented on the surface of Ti6Al4V. The modulus of elasticity, hardness and adhesion strength values of the presented coatings were determined, the fracture toughness values were calculated and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were taken as well. Finally, the mechanical properties found by the tests implemented to hydroxyapatite coatings applied on Ti6Al4V, which yielded successful outcomes were compared to the mechanical properties of bone. The fracture toughness achieved in this study was found to be more compatible with the mechanical properties of the original bone itself when compared to the literature findings. Besides, the adhesion strength was found to be remarkably high.