bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital Mechanical Metamaterial with Programmable Functionality
Authors: Lin Wanqing , Yan Yingbo , Zhao Siwei , Qin Huasong , Liu Yilun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDigitization has brought a new era to the world, liberating information from physical media. The material structure–property relation is high‐dimensional and nonlinear, and the digitization of structure–property relations may bring unprecedented functional programmability and diversity. Here, a new concept of digital mechanical metamaterial (DMM) is presented, where property design is realized by programming the digital states of the DMM to decouple the design of the structure and property. Transforming the binary stable states of a curved beam to the digital bit, one unit cell of DMM manifests three distinct deformation responses under compression, i.e., compression–twist coupling (CTC), compression–shear coupling (CSC), and pure compression (PC). These deformation modes show notable differences in motion and stiffness, which, by digitally programming a series of DMM, can yield a spectrum of functionalities, including information encryption, stress–strain relation customization, energy absorption in cushioning, effective vibration isolation, and tunable force transmission. This study pioneers a versatile material design paradigm that provides much greater freedom for the property design of intelligent mechanical metamaterials.
Freestanding Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Framework Membrane for Efficient Wound Healing
Authors: Wu Lingling , Yang Xue , Jia Haonan , Xiao Lvyao , Gao Chang , Hu Zhiqi , Wang Jiao , Guo Yanan , Wang Xusheng , Liu Tianfu , Cao Rong , Zhao Robert Chunhua 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) are emerging as multifunctional materials with exceptional biocompatibility, abundant active sites, and tunable porosity, which are highly beneficial for advanced wound care. However, a significant challenge involves transforming pristine HOFs powders into lightweight, ultrathin, freestanding membranes compatible with soft biological systems. Herein, the study successfully develops shape‐adaptive HOF‐based matrix membranes (HMMs) using a polymer‐assisted liquid‐air interface technique. The HMMs conform seamlessly to tissues of different sizes and shapes, effectively stopping bleeding, and provide high water‐vapor permeability. Notably, both in vitro and in vivo studies with mice wound models demonstrated that these tissue‐conformable HMMs significantly accelerate wound healing by modulating the inflammatory environment of the injured tissue and promoting rapid re‐epithelialization. Furthermore, RNA‐seq analysis and mechanistic studies revealed that HMMs effectively reduce inflammation and facilitate the tissue transition from the proliferative stage to the remodeling stage of skin development. This work not only opens up new avenues for advanced wound care materials but also establishes a foundation for hybridizing HOFs with polymers for a wide range of potential applications.
Thermo‐Chemo‐Mechanically Robust, Multifunctional MXene/PVA/PAA‐Hanji Textile with Energy Harvesting, EMI Shielding, Flame‐Retardant, and Joule Heating Capabilities
Authors: Kim Jiheon , Choi Yong , Jang Hoyoung , Jiong Sohyung , Chen Xinqi , Seo Byungseok , Choi Wonjoon 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe rapid development of wearable electronics, personal mobile equipment, and Internet of Things systems demands smart textiles that integrate multiple functions with enhanced durability. Herein, the study reports robust and multifunctional textiles with energy harvesting, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, flame resistance, and Joule heating capabilities, fabricated by a facile yet effective integration method using the deposition of cross‐linked MXene (Ti3C2Tx), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) onto traditional Korean paper, Hanji via vacuum filtration. Comprehensive analyses confirm robust cross‐linking, structural integrity, and interface stability in the MXene/PVA/PAA‐Hanji (MPP‐H) textiles, which synergistically boost their multifunctional performance. The MPP‐H textiles exhibit remarkable power generation lasting over 60 min with a power density of 102.2 µW cm−3 and an energy density of 31.0 mWh cm−3 upon the application of 20 µL of NaCl solution. The EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) per unit thickness in the X‐band (8.2–12.4 GHz) is up to 437.6 dB mm−1, with the ratio of absorption to reflection reaching 4.5, outperforming existing EMI shielding materials. Superior thermo‐chemo‐mechanical properties (flame resistance, rapid Joule heating, durability, and washability) further demonstrate their versatile usability. The MPP‐H enables diverse functionalities within a single, robust textile through a scalable fabrication method, offering transformative potential for wearable and mobility platforms.
Oriented Crystal Polarization Tuning Bulk Charge and Single‐Site Chemical State for Exceptional Hydrogen Photo‐Production
Authors: Zhu Zijian , Hu Jingcong , Hu Cheng , Lu Yue , Chu Shengqi , Chen Fang , Zhang Yihe , Huang Hongwei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRapid bulk charge recombination and mediocre surface catalytic sites harshly restrict the photocatalytic activities. Herein, the aforementioned concerns are well addressed by coupling macroscopic spontaneous polarization and atomic‐site engineering of CdS single‐crystal nanorods for superb H2 photo‐production. The oriented growth of CdS nanorods along the polar axis, vectorially superimposing substantial polar units with orderly arrangement, renders a strong polarization electric field (20.1 times enhancement), which boosts bulk charge separation with an efficiency up to 72.4% (80.4‐fold). Remarkably, polarization electric field alters the chemical state of Pt single sites by orderly reducing the binding energy of Pt atom with stepwise polarization enhancement of CdS substrate, which increases the onsite electron density of Pt from 10.232 to 10.261e− and *H key intermediates, providing preponderant Volmer‐Tafel/Volmer‐Heyrovsky reaction pathways with significantly decreased energy barriers for H2 production. Thus, highly polarized CdS nanorods with atomically dispersed Pt sites perform an outstanding H2 space‐time yield of 118.5 mmol g−1 h−1 and apparent quantum efficiency of 57.7% at λ = 420 nm, and a record‐high H2 turnover frequency of 57798.4 h−1, being one of the best catalysts for photocatalytic H2 evolution. This work highlights the function of polarization in manipulating charge separation and catalytic reaction.
A Pilot Analysis of Capecitabine Plus PD‐1 Antibody as Maintenance Therapy in Advanced or Metastatic Gastric Cancer and the Prognostic Factors
Authors: Chen Dong‐Liang , Hu Yan , Zhang Dong‐Sheng , Wang Feng‐Hua 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOxaliplatin‐based chemotherapy combined with PD‐1 antibody has become the standard treatment for advanced or metastatic gastric cancer. However, the neurotoxicity of oxaliplatin limits its long‐term use. A total of 84 patients who received oxaliplatin‐based chemotherapy plus PD‐1 antibody are enrolled in this study, among which 44 patients are maintained with capecitabine plus PD‐1 antibody, whereas the other 40 patients are maintained with capecitabine monotherapy. The primary endpoint is progression‐free survival (PFS) and the secondary endpoint is overall‐survival (OS). Subgroup analysis is performed based on expression of PD‐L1 and CXCL12. The median PFS is significantly longer in capecitabine plus PD‐1 antibody group (n = 44) than that in capecitabine monotherapy (n = 40) group. The median OS is significantly longer in capecitabine plus PD‐1 antibody group than that in capecitabine monotherapy group. Subgroup analysis showed that patients with high expression of PD‐L1 or low level of CXCL12 benefited more significantly from capecitabine plus PD‐1 antibody maintenance. Maintenance therapy with capecitabine plus PD‐1 antibody significantly prolongs the PFS and OS in patients without disease progression after first‐line treatment. Patients with high expression of PD‐L1 or low expression of CXCL12 benefit more significantly from maintenance therapy.
Gate‐Controlled Photoresponse in an Individual Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Modified with a Fluorescent Protein
Authors: Kudriavtseva Anastasiia S. , Nekrasov Nikita P. , Krasnikov Dmitry V. , Nasibulin Albert G. , Bogdanov Alexey M. , Bobrinetskiy Ivan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBionanohybrids of carbon nanotubes and fluorescent proteins (FPs) are a promising class of materials for optoelectronic applications. Understanding and controlling the charge transport mechanism between FPs and carbon nanotubes are critical to achieving functional reproducibility and exploring novel synergetic effects. This work demonstrates a novel phenomenon of photocurrent generation in field‐effect transistors based on the conjugation of an individual single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and FPs. When studying the effect of gate voltage on the photoresponse, reversible switching from fast positive to a slow negative photoresponse in bionanohybrids associated with depletion and accumulation modes, respectively is observed. The latter demonstrates a stable memory effect after the light is turned off. It is revealed that in depletion mode, the charge carriers from the protein are not trapped at the interface due to effective screening by the gate potential. It is suggested that the main mechanism in photoresponse switching is a competitive effect between photogating and effective photodoping of the SWCNT by charges trapped at the nanotube interface. The noticeable effect of water molecules can support proton transfer as the main mechanism of charge transfer. This result illustrates that SWCNT/FP bionanohybrids bear great potential for the realization of novel optoelectronic devices.
Enhanced Ferroelectricity of Hf‐Based Memcapacitors by Adopting Ti Insert‐Layer and C–V Measurement for Constructing Energy‐Efficient Reservoir Computing Network
Authors: Chen Bo , Wu Yifang , Liu Yizhi , Li Xiaopeng , Tai Lu , Sang Pengpeng , Wu Jixuan , Zhan Xuepeng , Chen Jiezhi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHf‐based ferroelectric memcapacitors only consume dynamic power with the merits of reliable nonvolatile storage and Si‐process compatibility, which is an outstanding artificial synapse for constructing energy‐efficient neuromorphic computing networks. In this paper, the ferroelectricity of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2(HZO) memcapacitor is improved by the co‐optimization of process design and electrical measurement with various thicknesses of the Ti insertion layer and conditions of Capacitor–Voltage (C–V) tests. Material characterization indicates the Ti insertion layer reduces them‐phase and increases the ratio of theo‐phase in HZO film. The wake‐up‐free behaviors are achieved in the Ti insertion layer memcapacitors with an endurance of ≈109cycles. Furthermore, ferroelectric properties are further enhanced after C–V measurement with the 1nm‐thick Ti insertion layer showing the largest remanent polarization (2Pr≈41.02 µC cm−2). Subsequently, a full hardware‐implemented hierarchical parallel reservoir computing (RC) network is constructed using 34 HZO memcapacitive synapses. The proposed network achieves high recognition accuracy (≈96.10%) and low dynamic power consumption (≈0.15 fJ per input) with the MNIST dataset. These findings indicate the feasibility of developing a highly energy‐efficient, fully hardware‐implemented, hierarchical parallel RC neural network.
Improving Charge Transport and Environmental Stability of Carbohydrate‐Bearing Semiconducting Polymers in Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Mooney Madison , Pandolfi Lauren , Wang Yunfei , Zhu Chenhui , Garg Garima , Kraft Ulrike , Gu Xiaodan , Rondeau‐Gagné Simon 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSemiconducting polymers offer synthetic tunability, good mechanical properties, and biocompatibility, enabling the development of soft technologies previously inaccessible. Side‐chain engineering is a versatile approach for optimizing these semiconducting materials, but minor modifications can significantly impact material properties and device performance. Carbohydrate side chains have been previously introduced to improve the solubility of semiconducting polymers in greener solvents. Despite this achievement, these materials exhibit suboptimal performance and stability in field‐effect transistors. In this work, structure–property relationships are explored to enhance the device performance of carbohydrate‐bearing semiconducting polymers. Toward this objective, a series of isoindigo‐based polymers with carbohydrate side chains of varied carbon‐spacer lengths is developed. Material and device characterizations reveal the effects of side chain composition on solid‐state packing and device performance. With this new design, charge mobility is improved by up to three orders of magnitude compared to the previous studies. Processing–property relationships are also established by modulating annealing conditions and evaluating device stability upon air exposure. Notably, incidental oxygen‐doping effects lead to increased charge mobility after 10 days of exposure to ambient air, correlated with decreased contact resistance. Bias stress stability is also evaluated. This work highlights the importance of understanding structure–property relationships toward the optimization of device performance.
Tuning the Performance of Poly(quaterphenyl piperidinium) Anion‐Exchange Membranes by Monomer Configuration
Authors: Bakvand Pegah Mansouri , Pan Dong , Allushi Andrit , Jannasch Patric 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPoly(arylene piperidinium)s are attractive anion exchange membranes (AEMs) for alkaline membrane fuel cells and water electrolyzers because of their high chemical stability and hydroxide conductivity. Here, ether‐ and fluorine‐free hydroxide conducting poly(quaterphenyl piperidinium) membranes with very similar ion exchange capacity (IEC), but different ratios of meta to para connectivity in the quaterphenyl units, are synthesized and explored. Ionic clustering, water uptake, and the hydroxide conductivity of the AEMs increase gradually with increasing backbone flexibility, i.e., the fraction of meta connectivity. At 80 °C, the AEMs with para,para‐ and meta,meta‐quaterphenyl units, respectively, reach a conductivity of 96 and 178 mS cm−1, respectively, at a water uptake of 37 and 209%, respectively. Alkaline stability evaluations reveal high alkaline stability, increasing with backbone flexibility. Under very harsh conditions, the cationic loss increases with chain stiffness and occurs mainly through Hofmann β‐elimination, but also increasingly via nucleophilic methyl substitution. Copolymerization of quaterphenyls provides properties in between the corresponding homopolymers. In conclusion, it is demonstrated that the configuration of the quaterphenyl monomer can be efficiently tailored to manipulate the chain flexibility of highly alkali‐stable AEMs for control over the water uptake and ionic conductivity in a wide range without changing the ionic content of the membranes.
Chalcogen Bonds Enable Efficient Photoreduction of Sulfur‐Containing Heterocycles
Authors: Janicki Mikołaj J. , Szabla Rafał 
Published: October 2024

AbstractChalcogen bonding interactions have attracted significant attention in a broad chemistry community, with a particular focus on their ability to stabilise the key transition states in various organic synthetic routes. In this work, we demonstrate that they can also be harnessed in selective photoredox reactions, which cannot be otherwise achieved with alternative approaches to photoreduction. We demonstrate this concept through the photoreduction of the sulfur‐containing DNA nucleoside precursor thioanhydrouridine to 2’‐deoxy‐thiouridine, revealing the previously unrecognized role of bisulfide in this process. Based on quantum chemical simulations, we identify a stable chalcogen‐bonding complex of the hydrosulfide anion and thionhydrouridine (HS−⋅⋅⋅S contacts), which enables directional photoinduced electron transfer, resulting in the formation of non‐canonical DNA nucleoside. We also disprove the possibility that photoreduction of thioanhydronucleosides could be initiated by hydrated electrons generated from irradiated bisulfide anions which do not interact with the chromophore. Finally, we show that selective photoreduction mediated by chalcogen bonds can only occur for chromophores, which exhibit sufficiently long excited‐state lifetimes in the locally‐excited states to undergo transition to the productive charge transfer state. These findings can be further used in the design of similar photoredox reactions which can employ the potential of chalcogen bonding interactions.
Ethanol Processable Inorganic‐Organic Hybrid Hole Transporting Layers Enabled 20.12 % Efficiency Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Li Hongjia , Li Yinfeng , Dai Xingjian , Xu Xiaopeng , Peng Qiang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this study, a high‐performance inorganic‐organic hybrid hole transporting layer (HTL) was developed using ethanol‐soluble alkoxide precursors and a self‐assembled monolayer (SAM). Three metal oxides‐vanadium oxide (VOx), niobium oxide (Nb2O5), and tantalum oxide (Ta2O5)‐were synthesized through successive low‐temperature (100 °C) thermal annealing (TA) and UV‐ozone (UVO) treatments of their respective precursors: vanadium oxytriethoxide (EtO−V), niobium ethoxide (EtO−Nb), and tantalum ethoxide (EtO−Ta). Among these, the Nb2O5 film exhibited excellent transmittance, a high work function, and good conductivity, along with a more compact and uniform structure featuring fewer interfacial defects, which facilitated efficient charge extraction and transport. Furthermore, the deposition of a SAM of (2‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)ethyl)phosphonic acid (2PACz) on top of Nb2O5 further passivated defects, enhancing interfacial contact with the photoactive layer. The resulting inorganic‐organic hybrid HTL of Nb2O5/2PACz demonstrated excellent compatibility with various photoactive blends, achieving impressive power conversion efficiencies of 19.44 %, 19.18 %, and 20.12 % for the PM6:L8‐BO, PM6:BTP‐eC9, and D18:BTP‐eC9 based organic solar cells, respectively. 20.12 % is the best performance for bulk heterojunction organic solar cells with binary components as the photoactive layer.
Rational Design of Diatomic Active Sites for Elucidating Oxygen Evolution Reaction Performance Trends
Authors: Xu Nanfeng , Jin Yuxiang , Liu Qiunan , Yu Meng , Wang Xiao , Wang Chao , Tu Wei , Zhang Zhirong , Geng Zhigang , Suenaga Kazu , Cheng Fangyi , Song Erhong , Peng Zhangquan , Xu Junyuan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDiatomic catalysts, especially those with heteronuclear active sites, have recently attracted significant attention for their advantages over single‐atom catalysts in reactions with relatively high energy barrier, e.g. oxygen evolution reaction. Rational design and synthesis of heteronuclear diatomic catalysts are of immense significance but have so far been plagued by the lack of a definitive correlation between structure and catalytic properties. Here, we report macrocyclic precursor constrained strategy to fabricate series of transition metal (MT, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, or Cu)‐noble (MN, Ir or Ru) centers in carbon material. One notable performance trend is observed in the order of Cu−MN<Mn−MN<Fe−MN<MN<Co−MN<Ni−MN. Meanwhile, the pathway has been not altered, still following the traditional adsorption reaction mechanism. The effect of the MT atoms on the performances could possibly originate from the distinct adsorption/desorption behaviors of key intermediates (i.e. *OH, *O and/or *OOH), strongly implying that ΔG*OOH–ΔG*OH could be used as the performance descriptor. We believe that our work provides useful strategy for synthesis of diatomic active sites with sole coordination configuration and varied composition, and in‐depth insight to their catalytic mechanism, which could be used for further optimization of diatomic catalysts towards oxygen electrocatalysis.
Soil health impact of long‐term sugarcane vinasse recycling
Authors: da Luz Felipe Bonini , Gonzaga Leandro Carolino , Cherubin Mauricio Roberto , Castioni Guilherme Adalberto Ferreira , Carvalho João Luis Nunes 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe efficient use of vinasse, the primary byproduct of sugarcane ethanol production, is important for the economic and environmental sustainability of the industry. Few studies have quantified the soil health response to long‐term vinasse application, even though this byproduct is generally applied as a potassium (K) source in sugarcane fields. The Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF) was used to assess the integrated soil health response in soils with contrasting textures. Chemical, physical, and biological indicators were selected, measured, and integrated into a soil health index for clay‐ and sandy‐textured soils in Brazil. Overall, the application of vinasse improved soil health components in both soils. The results showed that the benefits of vinasse go beyond increasing the K content. Vinasse application showed increased soil organic carbon content, nutrient recycling, and soil physical quality. The long‐term application of vinasse increased the soil health from 49% to 62% in the clayey soil and from 43% to 61% in the sandy clay soil. The findings therefore revealed the potential of vinasse application to reduce the need for synthetic fertilizer and promote the circular economy and soil health regardless of soil type. This study verifies that the long‐term application of vinasse to sandy‐ and clay‐texture soils in Brazil has both economic and environmental benefits because it recycles an important ethanol byproduct and enhances soil health.
Generalized spike–waves in idiopathic generalized epilepsies: Does their frequency matter?
Authors: Asadi‐Pooya Ali A. , Farazdaghi Mohsen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectivesWe hypothesized that the frequency (in Hertz) of generalized spike–waves (GSWs) in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) has associations with the syndromic diagnosis as well as with the prognosis of patients (their response to medical treatment).MethodsThis was a retrospective study of a prospectively developed database. All patients with a diagnosis of IGE were studied at the epilepsy center at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, from 2008 until 2022. Patients were classified into four IGE syndromes: childhood absence epilepsy; juvenile absence epilepsy; juvenile myoclonic epilepsy; and generalized tonic–clonic seizures alone.ResultsFive hundred and eighty‐three patients were studied. GSWs were commonly observed in all four syndromes of IGE. Frequency of GSW (in Hertz) did not have a significant association with the syndromic diagnosis of the patients (p = .179). The presence of GSW did not have a significant association with the seizure outcome (becoming seizure free or not) of the patients (p = .416). Frequency of GSW did not have a significant association with the seizure outcome of the patients either (p = .574).ConclusionGSWs are the hallmark electroencephalographic footprints of idiopathic generalized epilepsies; however, neither their presence nor their frequency has practical associations with the syndromic diagnosis of IGEs or their outcome (response to treatment).