bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migration and perinatal mental health in women from low‐ and middle‐income countries: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Fellmeth G , Fazel M , Plugge E 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundMigrant women are at risk of perinatal mental disorders due to stressors experienced before, during and after migration.ObjectivesThis systematic review and meta‐analysis summarises the prevalence, associated factors and interventions for perinatal mental disorders in migrant women from low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC).Search StrategyWe systematically searched nine electronic databases and the grey literature using a predefined search strategy.Selection CriteriaStudies were included if they assessed pregnant or postpartum migrants from LMIC, used a structured tool and a case‐control, cross‐sectional, cohort or intervention study design.Data collection and analysisData was double‐extracted. We calculated pooled prevalence of depression and weighted mean anxiety and depression scores. We calculated crude odds ratios from risk factor studies and summarised intervention studies descriptively.Main resultsForty studies were identified from 10 123 references. Pooled prevalence was 31% [95% condidence interval (CI) 23%–40%] for any depressive disorder and 17% (95% CI 12–23%) for major depressive disorder. Previous depression and lower social support were associated with perinatal depression. There were insufficient data to assess the burden of anxiety, post‐traumatic stress disorder or psychosis in this population.ConclusionsOne in three migrant women from LMIC experiences symptoms of perinatal depression. Social support is an important protective factor. Evidence on LMIC women relocating to other LMIC is lacking. Given the adverse consequences of perinatal mental illness on women and their children, further research in low‐resource settings is a priority.Tweetable AbstractOne in three migrant women from low‐ and middle‐income countries has symptoms of perinatal depression.
Decoupling practical and legal compliance: Analysis of member states’ implementation of EU policy
Authors: ZHELYAZKOVA ASYA , KAYA CANSARP , SCHRAMA REINI 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDespite the vast literature on policy implementation, systematic cross‐national research focusing on implementers’ performance regarding different policy issues is still in its infancy. The European Union policies are conducive to examining this relationship in a comparative setting, as the EU member states need to implement various EU directives both legally and in practice. In this study, a first attempt is made to analyse the relationship between legal conformity and practical implementation and the conditions for practical deviations in 27 member states across issues from four policy areas (Internal Market, Environment, Justice and Home Affairs and Social Policy). In line with existing approaches to EU compliance, it is expected that the policy preferences of domestic political elites (‘enforcement’) affect their incentives to ‘decouple’ practical from legal compliance. Instead, administrative and institutional capacities (‘management’) and societal constraints (‘legitimacy’) are likely to limit the ability of policy makers to exert control over the implementation process. The findings suggest that practical deviations arise from policy makers’ inability to steer the implementation process, regardless of their predispositions towards internationally agreed policies. The results have strong implications for the effective application of international rules in domestic settings, as they illustrate that political support for the implementation of ‘external’ policy does not ensure effective implementation in practice.
The Dynamics of Hospital Use among Older People Evidence for Europe Using SHARE Data
Authors: Sirven Nicolas , Rapp Thomas 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveHospital services use, which is a major driver of total health expenditures, is expected to rise over the next decades in Europe, especially because of population aging. The purpose of this article is to better understand the dynamics of older people's demand for hospital care over time in a cross‐country setting.Data sourceWe used data from the Survey on Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), in 10 countries between 2004 and 2011.Study DesignWe estimated a dynamic panel model of hospital admission for respondents aged 50 years or more.Principal FindingsFollowing prior research, we found evidence of state dependence in hospital use over time. We also found that rise in frailty—among other health covariates—is a strong predictor of increased hospital use. Progression by one point on the frailty scale [0;5] is associated with an additional risk of about 2.1 percent on average.ConclusionsOur results support promotion of early detection of frailty in primary care, and improvement of coordination between actors within the health system, as potential strategies to reduce avoidable or unnecessary hospital use among frail elderly.
Regional Price Effects of Extreme Weather Events and Wheat Export Controls in Russia and Ukraine
Authors: Götz Linde , Djuric Ivan , Nivievskyi Oleg 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe build on the price transmission framework to identify domestic wheat price effects of wheat export controls. We explicitly take into account that a harvest failure causes domestic price effects. Moreover, the analysis at the regional level provides further evidence of the functioning of export controls in a large country. Results suggest a pronounced regional heterogeneity in the strength of domestic price effects of the 2010/11 export ban in Russia. The wheat price dampening effects amount to up to 67% and are strongest in the major wheat exporting region with direct access to the world market. This effect is transmitted to other regions by increased and reversed interregional trade flows. In contrast, we find that regional variation of export controls’ domestic price effects in Ukraine is rather small.
Coincidence of Nicolau Syndrome and Rhabdomyolysis: Report of a Forensic Autopsy Case and Review of the Literature
Authors: Arslan Murat Nihat , Melez Deniz Oguzhan , Akcay Arzu , Gur Adem , Sam Bulent , Guven Apaydın Suheyla 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNicolau syndrome (NS) is a dermatological adverse reaction of intramuscular injections and is caused by several mechanisms. The etiopathogenesis remains unclear, and several hypotheses have suggested a vascular origin. Rhabdomyolysis (RM) is the destruction of striated muscle, with the subsequent release of muscle cell contents into circulation. NS and RM diagnoses may overlap. Herein, we present the autopsy findings of a 40‐year‐old female with NS complicated with RM. On clinical follow‐up, creatine kinase (CK) was 7146 IU/L, and urea and creatinine levels were elevated on the third day after intramuscular diclofenac injection. Possible ischemic process triggered the RM and subsequent acute renal failure. The opportunity for an early diagnosis was missed because the patient delayed seeking medical aid. The prognosis worsened, and the patient died due to secondary sepsis. Early diagnosis of NS before the occurrence of complications is the most important issue in patient education and can be life‐saving.
An Evaluation of the Calce Method for Age Estimation
Authors: Lam Jessica F. , Johansen Alexandra C. , Rogers Tracy L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe Calce method of skeletal age estimation (Am J Phys Anthropol, 148, 2012 and 11) uses the acetabular surface of the os coxa and was developed using 90 individuals from the J.C.B. Grant Skeletal collection. From this collection, pilot tests using a combined sample size of 55 randomized individuals yielded an accuracy of 54.5%. To eliminate the possible issue of variation within the collection, 30 individuals from those that Calce specifically used were assessed by two analysts. Accuracies of 53.3% and 56.7% were obtained, compared with Calce's reported accuracy of 81% (Am J Phys Anthropol, 148, 2012 and 11). This study also used 30 Japanese individuals from the Nagasaki University modern cadaver collection. Due to the high interobserver error (43.3%) and the low accuracies achieved (40% and 46.7%), the Calce method does not perform well on Japanese samples. The low accuracy of this method in general suggests that the trait descriptions should be refined to assist analysts in properly utilizing the method.
Biogenic selenium nanoparticles: characterization, antimicrobial activity and effects on human dendritic cells and fibroblasts
Authors: Cremonini Eleonora , Zonaro Emanuele , Donini Marta , Lampis Silvia , Boaretti Marzia , Dusi Stefano , Melotti Paola , Lleo Maria M. , Vallini Giovanni 
Published: June 2016

SummaryTailored nanoparticles offer a novel approach to fight antibiotic‐resistant microorganisms. We analysed biogenic selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) of bacterial origin to determine their antimicrobial activity against selected pathogens in their planktonic and biofilm states. SeNPs synthesized by Gram‐negative Stenotrophomonas maltophilia [Sm‐SeNPs(−)] and Gram‐positive Bacillus mycoides [Bm‐SeNPs(+)] were active at low minimum inhibitory concentrations against a number of clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa but did not inhibit clinical isolates of the yeast species Candida albicans and C. parapsilosis. However, the SeNPs were able to inhibit biofilm formation and also to disaggregate the mature glycocalyx in both P. aeruginosa and Candida spp. The Sm‐SeNPs(−) and Bm‐SeNPs(+) both achieved much stronger antimicrobial effects than synthetic selenium nanoparticles (Ch‐SeNPs). Dendritic cells and fibroblasts exposed to Sm‐SeNPs(−), Bm‐SeNPs(+) and Ch‐SeNPs did not show any loss of cell viability, any increase in the release of reactive oxygen species or any significant increase in the secretion of pro‐inflammatory and immunostimulatory cytokines. Biogenic SeNPs therefore appear to be reliable candidates for safe medical applications, alone or in association with traditional antibiotics, to inhibit the growth of clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa or to facilitate the penetration of P. aeruginosa and Candida spp. biofilms by antimicrobial agents.
RUNX3 reverses cisplatin resistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via suppression of the protein kinase B pathway
Authors: Li De‐jun , Shi Mo , Wang Zhou 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundPreoperative chemoradiation combined with surgery has been of focus recently in order to improve prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients. Finding biological markers that may assist in predicting the therapeutic effect of chemoradiation may benefit the treatment effect. In this study, the role of RUNX3 in the formation of cisplatin resistance in ESCC was examined.MethodsThe study enrolled 103 stage IIa–IIIb ESCC patients who had undergone esophagectomy. RUNX3 expression in ESCC tissue was detected.ResultsA higher expression of RUNX3 in ESCC patients correlated with a more sensitive response to cisplatin‐based chemotherapy. A consistently lower expression of RUNX3 was found in the ESCC tissues of patients who agreed to perioperative chemotherapy compared with patients who had undergone no preoperative treatment. A lower RUNX3 expression in cisplatin‐resistant ESCC cell lines, Eca109 and TE‐1, was observed compared with parental cell lines. Heterologous RUNX3 expression significantly suppressed cisplatin resistance in Eca109 and TE‐1, both in vitro and vivo. Meanwhile, heterologous RUNX3 expression could inhibit growth and induce apoptosis in cisplatin resistant Eca109 and TE‐1 cell lines in vitro. Remarkable inhibition of the Akt pathway was observed in heterologous RUNX3 expression in Eca109 and TE‐1. Silencing Akt1 could reverse cisplatin resistance in Eca109 and TE‐1.ConclusionOur results confirmed that a loss of RUNX3 in ESCC may contribute to cisplatin‐resistance. RUNX3 could reverse cisplatin resistance via suppression of the Akt pathway in ESCC patients.
Menopausal status influences the expression of programmed death (PD)‐1 and its ligand PD‐L1 on immune cells from the human female reproductive tract
Authors: Shen Zheng , Rodriguez‐Garcia Marta , Patel Mickey V. , Barr Fiona D. , Wira Charles R. 
Published: June 2016

ProblemThe programmed death 1 (PD‐1)/PD‐L1 pathway regulates peripheral tolerance, immune responses, and is up‐regulated in chronic viral infections, including HIV infection. However, expression of PD‐1/PD‐L1 on immune cells from the human female reproductive tract (FRT) and possible regulation by menopause and sex hormones are poorly understood.Method of studyPD‐1/PD‐L1 expression was analyzed on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, CD163+ macrophages, and CD11c+ dendritic cells (DC) from endometrium (EM), endocervix (CX) and ectocervix (ECX). Expression after hormone treatment in culture was also evaluated.ResultsPD‐1 and PD‐L1 were constitutively expressed on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from the FRT. PD‐L1+CD4+ T cells were increased in CX compared to EM and ECX, while no differences were found for PD‐1 or between CD8+ T cells from different sites. Macrophages and DCs constitutively expressed PD‐L1, but not PD‐1, with no differences observed between FRT sites. Pre‐menopausal FRT tissues showed increased PD‐L1 expression on CD8+ T cells, but decreased expression on DCs when compared to post‐menopausal women. In vitro estradiol treatment up‐regulated PD‐L1 expression specifically on CD8+T cells from CX, but had no effect on PD‐1/PD‐L1 expression on the other cell types.ConclusionOur results suggest that PD‐L1 may be involved in the differential regulation of FRT immune responses between pre‐menopausal and post‐menopausal women.
Predictive algorithms for early detection of retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Piermarocchi Stefano , Bini Silvia , Martini Ferdinando , Berton Marianna , Lavini Anna , Gusson Elena , Marchini Giorgio , Padovani Ezio Maria , Macor Sara , Pignatto Silvia , Lanzetta Paolo , Cattarossi Luigi , Baraldi Eugenio , Lago Paola 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate sensitivity, specificity and the safest cut‐offs of three predictive algorithms (WINROP, ROPScore and CHOP ROP) for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).MethodsA retrospective study was conducted in three centres from 2012 to 2014; 445 preterms with gestational age (GA) ≤ 30 weeks and/or birthweight (BW) ≤ 1500 g, and additional unstable cases, were included. No‐ROP, mild and type 1 ROP were categorized. The algorithms were analysed for infants with all parameters (GA, BW, weight gain, oxygen therapy, blood transfusion) needed for calculation (399 babies).ResultsRetinopathy of prematurity (ROP) was identified in both eyes in 116 patients (26.1%), and 44 (9.9%) had type 1 ROP. Gestational age and BW were significantly lower in ROP group compared with no‐ROP subjects (GA: 26.7 ± 2.2 and 30.2 ± 1.9, respectively, p < 0.0001; BW: 839.8 ± 287.0 and 1288.1 ± 321.5 g, respectively, p = 0.0016). Customized alarms of ROPScore and CHOP ROP correctly identified all infants having any ROP or type 1 ROP. WINROP missed 19 cases of ROP, including three type 1 ROP. ROPScore and CHOP ROP provided the best performances with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the detection of severe ROP of 0.93 (95% CI, 0.90–0.96, and 95% CI, 0.89–0.96, respectively), and WINROP obtained 0.83 (95% CI, 0.77–0.87). Median time from alarm to treatment was 11.1, 5.1 and 9.1 weeks, for WINROP, ROPScore and CHOP ROP, respectively.ConclusionROPScore and CHOP ROP showed 100% sensitivity to identify sight‐threatening ROP. Predictive algorithms are a reliable tool for early identification of infants requiring referral to an ophthalmologist, for reorganizing resources and reducing stressful procedures to preterm babies.
Asset Accumulation in Rural Households during the Post‐Showa Depression Reconstruction: A Panel Data Analysis*
Authors: Kusadokoro Motoi , Maru Takeshi , Takashima Masanori 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis paper investigates asset accumulation in Japanese farm households during reconstruction following the Showa Depression. After the Showa Depression, farm households emphasized accumulation of cash and quasi‐money rather than productive assets. The accumulation of cash and quasi‐money is consistent with the buffer stock hypothesis. Evidence regarding accumulation of livestock, which is sometimes used as the buffer stock in modern developing countries, is not conclusive. The presence of well‐developed financial institutions in prewar Japan may have allowed farm households to smooth consumption via cash and quasi‐money.
Impact of a Nursing Skill‐Improvement Intervention on Newborn‐Specific Delivery Practices: An Experience from Bihar, India
Authors: Das Aritra , Nawal Dipty , Singh Manoj K. , Karthick Morchan , Pahwa Parika , Shah Malay B. , Mahapatra Tanmay , Chaudhuri Indrajit 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundHigh neonatal mortality in India had previously been attributed to the low proportion of institutional deliveries. However, a significant rise in the proportion of facility‐based births over the last decade has not achieved the desired reduction in neonatal mortality possibly as a result of low‐skilled care at facilities. This study evaluated the effectiveness of “Mobile Nurse Training,” a knowledge‐based intervention for nurses to improve essential newborn‐specific delivery practices.MethodsEighty health centers with obstetric care facilities were selected from eight districts of Bihar. The intervention teams were composed of two trained nurses who conducted a week‐long workshop per month at every health facility for 6 months. An independent evaluation team conducted baseline and postintervention assessments at every facility. The assessments included passive observation of newborn‐specific delivery practices and recording of results on a preformatted checklist‐based tool.ResultsThe intervention was associated with significant increases in the odds of four recommended practices: placing the newborn on mother's abdomen (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 4.2 [95% CI 3.0–5.9]), wiping the eyes with sterile gauze (AOR 2.2 [95% CI 1.4–3.4]), skin‐to‐skin care (AOR 2.7 [95% CI 2.0–3.5]), and guidance for initiation of breastfeeding (AOR 1.6 [95% CI 1.2–2.1]). The intervention was also found to be positively associated with the summary score for improvements in all newborn‐specific delivery practices. One year after the intervention, the summary practice score remained higher than at baseline, but with some decline over time.ConclusionsThe “Mobile Nurse Training” intervention provides a pathway for improving adherence to recommended newborn‐specific delivery practices among institutional birth attendants in rural Bihar.
Preoperative nomogram to predict the likelihood of complications after radical nephroureterectomy
Authors: Raman Jay D. , Lin Yu‐Kuan , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Krabbe Laura‐Maria , Margulis Vitaly , Arnouk Alex , Lallas Costas D. , Trabulsi Edouard J. , Drouin Sarah J. , Rouprêt Morgan , Bozzini Gregory , Colin Pierre , Peyronnet Benoit , Bensalah Karim , Bailey Kari , Canes David , Klatte Tobias 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesTo construct a nomogram based on preoperative variables to better predict the likelihood of complications occurring within 30 days of radical nephroureterectomy (RNU).Patients and MethodsThe charts of 731 patients undergoing RNU at eight academic medical centres between 2002 and 2014 were reviewed. Preoperative clinical, demographic and comorbidity indices were collected. Complications occurring within 30 days of surgery were graded using the modified Clavien–Dindo scale. Multivariate logistic regression determined the association between preoperative variables and post‐RNU complications. A nomogram was created from the reduced multivariate model with internal validation using the bootstrapping technique with 200 repetitions.ResultsA total of 408 men and 323 women with a median age of 70 years and a body mass index of 27 kg/m2 were included. A total of 75% of the cohort was white, 18% had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status ≥2, 20% had a Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) score >5 and 50% had baseline chronic kidney disease (CKD) ≥ stage III. Overall, 279 patients (38%) experienced a complication, including 61 events (22%) with Clavien grade ≥ III. A multivariate model identified five variables associated with complications, including patient age, race, ECOG performance status, CKD stage and CCI score. A preoperative nomogram incorporating these risk factors was constructed with an area under curve of 72.2%.ConclusionsUsing standard preoperative variables from this multi‐institutional RNU experience, we constructed and validated a nomogram for predicting peri‐operative complications after RNU. Such information may permit more accurate risk stratification on an individual cases basis before major surgery.
A new model for making Aboriginal policy? Evaluating the Kelowna Accord and the promise of multilevel governance in Canada
Authors: Alcantara Christopher , Spicer Zachary 
Published: June 2016

AbstractGovernment policy‐making affecting Indigenous communities in Canada has often been met with stiff resistance from Indigenous leadership. We examine multilevel governance as an alternate model for Aboriginal policy‐making by examining a particular case study: the process leading up to the 2005 Kelowna Accord. We find that although multilevel governance may have the potential to produce highly desirable outcomes, its emergence seems to depend heavily on political agency. Meaningful and enduring change to Aboriginal policy‐making will therefore likely require significant institutional adjustments to the Canadian federation.
Policy work at the sub‐national level: Analytical styles of Canadian and Czech directors and managers
Authors: Nekola Martin , Kohoutek Jan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis paper uses data from two countries to develop profiles of policy directors and managers in the sub‐national public bureaucracies of Canada and the Czech Republic. Canadian directors and managers undertake more analytically complex tasks for which research and evaluation is necessary. In comparison, Czech managers are more firmly engaged in project management agendas, and Czech directors tend to rely on personal experience and routine approaches. Overall, the sample shows that different policy styles are emphasized in each country and at different levels ranging from rational‐technical and advisory‐interactive (Canadian directors and managers), process expertise (Czech managers), and a combination of analytical rationality and issue activism (Czech directors).