bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study of clinical and physiological relations of daily physical activity in precapillary pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Panagiotou Marios , Johnson Martin K. , Louvaris Zafeiris , Baker Julien S. , Church Alistair C. , Peacock Andrew J. , Vogiatzis Ioannis 
Published: June 2017

Daily physical activity is reduced in precapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH), but the underlying mechanisms are inadequately explored. We sought to investigate clinical and physiological relations of daily physical activity and profile differences between less and more active patients with precapillary PH. A prospective, cross-sectional study of 20 patients with precapillary PH who undertook 1) a comprehensive clinical assessment, 2) a preliminary treadmill test, 3) 7-day monitoring of daily walking intensity with triaxial accelerometry, and 4) a personalized treadmill test corresponding to the individual patient mean daily walking intensity with real-time physiological measurements. Significant clinical correlations with individual patient mean walking intensity [1.71 ± 0.27 (SD) m/s2] were observed for log-transformed N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (log NT-proBNP; r = −0.75, P = <.001), age ( r = −0.70, P = 0.001), transfer factor for carbon monoxide %predicted ( r = 0.51, P = 0.022), and 6-min walk distance ( r = 0.50, P = 0.026). Significant physiological correlations were obtained for heart rate reserve ( r = 0.68, P = 0.001), quadriceps tissue oxygenation index (Q-[Formula: see text]; r = 0.58, P = 0.008), change in Q-[Formula: see text] from rest ( r = 0.60, P = 0.006), and ventilatory equivalent for oxygen uptake ( r = −0.56, P = 0.013). Stepwise multiple regression analyses retained log NT-proBNP ( R2 = 0.55), heart rate reserve ( R2 = 0.44), and Q-[Formula: see text] ( R2 = 0.13) accounting for a significant variance in individual walking intensity. Less active patients had greater physical activity-induced cardiopulmonary impairment, worse quadriceps oxygenation profile, and compromised health-related quality of life compared with more active patients. These preliminary findings suggest a significant relation between right ventricular and peripheral muscle oxygenation status and reduced daily physical activity in precapillary PH. Further research is warranted to unravel the physiological determinants, establish clinical predictors, and identify beneficial interventions. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Daily physical activity holds promise to be a meaningful, patient-related outcome measure in pulmonary hypertension. In this study, novel findings in a representative sample of patients with precapillary pulmonary hypertension link reduced daily walking activity, as measured by triaxial accelerometry, with compromised right ventricular and pulmonary vascular status, peripheral muscle oxygenation, and health-related quality of life, providing a preliminary insight into the physiological mechanisms and clinical predictors of daily physical activity in precapillary pulmonary hypertension.
Highly Accurate Detection of Cancer In Situ with Intraoperative, Label-Free, Multimodal Optical Spectroscopy
Authors: Jermyn Michael , Mercier Jeanne , Aubertin Kelly , Desroches Joannie , Urmey Kirk , Karamchandiani Jason , Marple Eric , Guiot Marie-Christine , Leblond Frederic , Petrecca Kevin 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Effectiveness of surgery as a cancer treatment is reduced when all cancer cells are not detected during surgery, leading to recurrences that negatively impact survival. To maximize cancer cell detection during cancer surgery, we designed an in situ intraoperative, label-free, optical cancer detection system that combines intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Using this multimodal optical cancer detection system, we found that brain, lung, colon, and skin cancers could be detected in situ during surgery with an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 97%, 100%, and 93%, respectively. This highly sensitive optical molecular imaging approach can profoundly impact a wide range of surgical and noninvasive interventional oncology procedures by improving cancer detection capabilities, thereby reducing cancer burden and improving survival and quality of life. Cancer Res; 77(14); 3942–50. ©2017 AACR.
Demasiadamente humano: um olhar sobre War Before Civilization, de Lawrence H. Keeley
Authors: Mendes Flávio Pedroso 
Published: June 2017

Ensaio baseado na obra de Lawrence H. Keeley, War Before Civilization, de 1996, que tem como objeto o papel da guerra nas sociedades primitivas. Busca-se demonstrar que os mitos do "pacifismo primitivo" e de um "passado beato" não resistem ao escrutínio sério e científico do fenômeno bélico entre povos afastados da 'civilização'.
Die laesio enormis und der dolus re ipsa heute: die Verschuldensfrage
Authors: Grebieniow A.M. 
Published: June 2017

Laesio enormis and dolus in re ipsa nowadays: the question of fault. The mediaeval interpreters of Roman law have worked out the dolus re ipsa-concept to explain the mysterious laesio enormis (C. 4,44,2 [a. 285]). They supposed the inequality in exchange to be a result of malicious undertaking, for which paradoxically, no one was personally liable (D. 45,1,36 [Ulp. 48 Sab.]). In course of time, the incorporation of laesio enormis into the scheme of dolus turned into a presumption of a malicious act on the part of the enriched party, even though the laesio enormis is free from subjective criteria. It is astonishing how little the dolus re ipsa is discussed, although the modern paradigm for correcting inequality in exchange is based on the same assumptions. This ‘Wiederkehr der Rechtsfigur’ certainly deserves more attention.
Supporting Weather Forecasters in Predicting and Monitoring Saharan Air Layer Dust Events as They Impact the Greater Caribbean
Authors: Kuciauskas Arunas P. , Xian Peng , Hyer Edward J. , Oyola Mayra I. , Campbell James R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDuring the spring and summer months, the greater Caribbean region typically experiences pulses of moderate to heavy episodes of airborne African dust concentrations that originate over the Sahara Desert and propagate westward across the tropical North Atlantic basin. These dust episodes are often contained within the Saharan air layer (SAL), an elevated air mass (between 850–500 hPa) marked by very dry and warm conditions within the lowest levels. During its westward transport, the SAL’s distinct environmental characteristics can persist well into the Gulf of Mexico and southern United States. As a result, the Caribbean population is susceptible to airborne dust levels that often exceed healthy respiratory limits. One of the major responsibilities within the National Weather Service in San Juan, Puerto Rico (NWS-PR), is preparing the public within their area of responsibility (AOR) for such events. The Naval Research Laboratory Marine Meteorology Division (NRL-MMD) is sponsored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to support the NWS-PR by providing them with an invaluable “one stop shop” web-based resource (hereafter SAL-WEB) that is designed to monitor these African dust events. SAL-WEB consists of near-real-time output generated from ground-based instruments, satellite-derived imagery, and dust model forecasts, covering the extent of dust from North Africa, westward across the Atlantic basin, and extending into Mexico. The products within SAL-WEB would serve to augment the Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System (AWIPS-II) infrastructure currently in operation at the NWS-PR. The goal of this article is to introduce readers to SAL-WEB, along with current and future research underway to provide improvements in African dust prediction capabilities.
Kuwaiti Cooperative Societies as the Principal Retailers in the National Economy
Authors: Abduljader Hassan 
Published: June 2017

In comparison with the progress of the cooperative movement elsewhere in the Arab world and internationally, the Kuwaiti Cooperative Societies have achieved considerable success in a short period as the principal retailers in the Kuwaiti national economy, providing consumers with about 70 per cent of all services and commodities in the local market. Over the past 25 years, the Kuwaiti cooperative movement has succeeded in maintaining stability in the prices of essential commodities and services, in preventing artificial increases and in winning the confidence of consumers. The goals of the cooperative movement in Kuwait are both economic and social. The economic goal is to co-ordinate individual efforts and public interests within the framework of the cooperative society, while the social goal is to protect low income groups from exploitation, to spread democratic concepts and to consolidate social links, thereby promoting social harmony and solidarity among the various sections of society. The current aims of the cooperative movement in Kuwait are to overcome obstacles to progress and to enhance the efficiency of its operations.
Non-elastic taping, but not elastic taping, provides benefits for patients with knee osteoarthritis: systemic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ouyang Jin-Han , Chang Kwang-Hwa , Hsu Wen-Yen , Cho Yen-Ting , Liou Tsan-Hon , Lin Yen-Nung 
Published: June 2017

Objective: To determine whether therapeutic taping, which includes elastic (Kinesio tape) and non-elastic (Leukotape) taping, is superior to control taping in improving pain and functions for patients with knee arthritis. To understand whether both elastic and non-elastic taping are beneficial. Methods: We searched the PubMed and Scopus databases from their earliest record to 31 May 2017 for randomized controlled and cross-over studies that used taping to treat knee osteoarthritis. We extracted the mean differences and SD between baseline and posttreatment for selected outcomes measured in the experimental and control groups for subsequent meta-analyses. Results: In total, 11 studies were included in the review. Of which, five Leukotaping and five Kinesio taping studies involving 379 participants were used in the meta-analysis. PEDro scores of the Leukotaping and Kinesio taping studies were 4.2 and 7.8, respectively. Overall, therapeutic taping exhibited significantly greater pain reduction than control taping with a significant weighted mean difference of 12.8 mm on a 0- to 100-mm visual analogue scale. Compared to control taping, Leukotaping produced a significant weighted mean difference of 11.6 mm regarding pain with a large effect size of 0.89 and I2 = 0%, while Kinesio taping produced a non-significant weighted mean difference of 12.1 mm and I2 = 93%. Leukotaping also exhibited a large and significant standard mean difference of 0.82, while Kinesio taping exhibited a non-significant standard mean difference of 1.34 regarding climbing stairs and stepping. Conclusion: Therapeutic taping seemed to be superior to control taping in pain control for knee osteoarthritis. Non-elastic taping, but not elastic taping, provides benefits in pain reduction and functional performance.
Changes in pulmonary function and functional capacity in adolescents with mild idiopathic scoliosis: observational cohort study
Authors: Abdelaal Ashraf Abdelaal Mohamed , Abd El Kafy Ehab Mohamed Abo El Soad , Elayat Mohamed Salah Eldien Mohamed , Sabbahi Mohamed , Badghish Mohamed Salem Saed 
Published: June 2017

Objective This observational cohort study aimed to evaluate ventilatory function (VF) and functional exercise capacity (FEC) in mild adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Methods Seventy-three adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis, aged approximately 10 to 17 years (mean age: 13.43 ± 1.27 years), with a Cobb angle less than 20° (mean: 16.44° ± 1.59°), met the inclusion criteria and were assigned to group A. Another 34 healthy adolescents with normal VF and FEC served as controls (group B). Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV), and FEC (by the 6-minute walk test [6MWT]) were the main outcome measures. Results Post-study mean values of FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, MVV, and the 6MWT were 2.42 ± 0.36 L and 3.26 ± 0.59 L, 2.14 ± 0.31 L and 3.03 ± 0.43 L, 88.13% ± 3.89% and 91.14% ± 4.67%, 76.96 ± 6.85 L/m and 107.61 ± 11.44 L/m, and 581.12 ± 12.25 m and 627.74 ± 15.27 m in groups A and B, respectively. Between-group comparisons showed significant differences in FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, MVV, and the 6MWT. Conclusion Mild pulmonary and functional restrictions start early in mild AIS. This issue requires immediate intervention to prevent further deterioration.
Neoplasms in the Adenohypophysis of Dogs
Authors: Capen C. C. , Martin S. L. , Koestner A. 
Published: June 2017

Twenty-six neoplasms of the adenohypophysis were classified either as chromophobe adenomas (20 dogs) or adenomas of the pars intermedia (6 dogs). In 62% of the dogs the neoplasms were functionally active (14 chromophobe adenomas, 2 adenomas of the pars intermedia) and associated with a syndrome of hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing's-like disease). The adrenal cortical hypertrophy and hyperplasia, muscular weakness and wasting, leukocytosis with a neutrophilia, eosinopenia and lymphopenia, deposition of fat in the liver, increased serum corticosteroid, and increased urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids all suggested the neoplasms were producing ACTH. Mineralization of the lungs and other tissues was consistently present in dogs with functional neoplasms. Adenomas of the pars intermedia appeared to arise from the lining epithelium of the residual hypophysial lumen covering the infundibular process. They were sharply demarcated from the compressed pars distalis.
Treatment of Congenital Nevi with Ruby and Alexandrite Lasers
Authors: Amiry Syed A. , Fitzpatrick Ritchard E. , Goldman Mitchell P. , Detwiler Susan 
Published: June 2017

Introduction: Laser treatment of congenital nevi, especially large nevi, is controversial. Currently, the standard of care is treatment by surgical excision, which can lead to scarring and permanent hypopigmentation. Furthermore, excision of giant congenital nevi might involve a substantial body surface area and could require multiple excisions, resulting in multiple scars. Additionally, some nevi are in cosmetically sensitive anatomic locations where surgical excision could compromise function or leave cosmetically unacceptable scars. Materials and Methods: Seventeen patients with small to giant nevi of different sizes were treated with ruby and/or alexandrite lasers either in the same or different treatment sessions at 3–8-week intervals. Baseline biopsies of giant and some medium congenital nevi were obtained. All the nevi treated were histologically benign. In treating the two giant congenital nevi, the maximum effective fluences were determined through histological examination of treated anatomic locations after treatment at different energy levels. Results: Two small nevi (12%) completely cleared and 12 small and medium nevi (71%) showed partial or cosmetically acceptable response. The two giant congenital nevi achieved 50–75% lightening after 6 or 7 treatment sessions. Side effects were minimal in most patients and included crusting and purpura immediately postoperatively. More severe hemorrhagic reaction and superficial thermal necrosis resulting in several patches of scar tissue 1–2 cm in width was seen in one of the two patients with giant congenital nevi. The hypertrophic scarring was effectively treated with pulse dye laser and intralesional Kenalog and 5-FU. Histological examination of the treated giant congenital nevi showed elimination of nevus cells in the upper dermis without appreciable fibrosis. Discussion: The ruby and alexandrite lasers are effective in partial or complete elimination of small nevi and lightening of medium to giant congenital nevi. Treatment of the giant congenital nevi requires dedicated patients, as well as persistence and diligence on the part of the treating physician. The risks and benefits should always be weighed before starting a course of treatment.
Why do economists study happiness?
Authors: Piekałkiewicz Marcin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRecently economists have expressed increasing interest in studying the determinants of happiness. Their main task has been to identify economic and non-economic sources of well-being to define policies aimed at maximising happiness in nations. As yet, it has not been precisely explained why ‘happiness economics’ is actually a part of economic science. In this article, we show that happiness can be an economic concept providing a critical review of the literature on (a) economic applications of happiness data and (b) economic consequences of happiness. Happiness data have been used to analyse microeconomic phenomena and to value non-market goods. Happiness may act as a determinant of economic outcomes: it increases productivity, predicts one’s future income and affects labour market performance. A growing number of happiness studies indicate a role of personality traits in understanding the link between well-being and economic outcomes.
Comparison of peri and post-procedural complications in patients undergoing revascularisation of coronary artery multivessel disease by coronary artery bypass grafting or protected percutaneous coronary intervention with the Impella 2.5 device
Authors: Becher Tobias , Baumann Stefan , Eder Frederik , Perschka Simon , Loßnitzer Dirk , Fastner Christian , Behnes Michael , Doesch Christina , Borggrefe Martin , Akin Ibrahim 
Published: June 2017

Background: While coronary artery bypass grafting remains the standard treatment of complex multivessel coronary artery disease, the advent of peripheral ventricular assist devices has enhanced the safety of percutaneous coronary intervention. We therefore evaluated the safety in terms of inhospital outcome comparing protected high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention with the Impella 2.5 device and coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with complex multivessel coronary artery disease. Methods: This retrospective study included patients with complex multivessel coronary artery disease (SYNTAX score >22) undergoing either coronary artery bypass grafting before the implementation of a protected percutaneous coronary intervention programme with a peripheral ventricular assist device or protected percutaneous coronary intervention with the Impella 2.5 device following the start of the programme. The primary endpoint consisted of inhospital major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events. The combined secondary endpoint included peri and post-procedural adverse events. Results: A total of 54 patients (mean age 70.1±9.9 years, 92.6% men) were enrolled in the study with a mean SYNTAX score of 34.5±9.8. Twenty-six (48.1%) patients underwent protected percutaneous coronary intervention while 28 (51.9%) patients received coronary artery bypass grafting. The major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event rate was numerically higher in the coronary artery bypass grafting group (17.9 vs. 7.7%; P=0.43) but was not statistically significant. The combined secondary endpoint was not different between the groups; however, patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting experienced significantly more peri-procedural adverse events (28.6 vs. 3.8%; P<0.05). Conclusion: Patients with complex multivessel coronary artery disease undergoing protected percutaneous coronary intervention with the Impella 2.5 device experience similar intrahospital major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event rates when compared to coronary artery bypass grafting. Protected percutaneous coronary intervention represents a safe alternative to coronary artery bypass grafting in terms of inhospital adverse events.
Self-reducing proximal humerus fractures
Authors: Fang Christopher , Kwek Ernest Beng Kee 
Published: June 2017

Background: Proximal humeral fractures are common in the elderly and can present with multiple fracture configurations. Our case series describes a three-part valgus-impacted fracture pattern of the proximal humerus that underwent spontaneous reduction by nonsurgical management with good functional outcomes. Methods: Seven patients who sustained low-energy three-part valgus-impacted fractures of the proximal humerus were studied. We retrospectively reviewed serial anteroposterior radiographs of each patient taken as part of routine follow-up. For clinical outcomes, patients were assessed by a physical examination of both shoulders. A Disability of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire assessed the functional outcomes. Results: In all seven patients, fractures reduced spontaneously without any complications. Radiologically, the neck–shaft angle decreased from an average of 169° to 141°. In the six patients examined, range of motion was decreased in all planes in the affected shoulder relative to the contralateral shoulder. Two patients exhibited no loss of power in the affected arm, while the rest exhibited Medical Research Council grade 4 of 5 power in the affected arm. The mean DASH score obtained in our patients was 18.17. None of our patients reported any significant limitations in their activities of daily living and all achieved premorbid functional levels. Conclusion: Low-energy three-part valgus-impacted fracture pattern of the proximal humerus has the ability to spontaneously reduce by nonsurgical management with good functional outcomes.
Impact of Foreign Institutional Investment on Indian Stock Market: A Cause and Effect Relationship
Authors: Mehla Sunita , Goyal S.K. 
Published: June 2017

The growing Indian market had attracted the foreign institutional investors (FIIs) to Indian equity market during post financial reform period. The present article made an attempt to explain the short-term and long-term causal relationship between FIIs and Indian stock market. The study uses the monthly time series data on advances to declines ratio (ADR) of Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and purchases to sales ratio of FIIs. The sample period spans from April 2001 to December 2012. To attain the intent of the study, the article employs the empirical techniques such as co-integration, Granger causality test and variance decomposition analysis as a part of research methodology. The result of co-integrating relationship discloses the rejection of null hypothesis of no co-integrating vectors which implies the existence of a long-term relationship between the dependent and the independent variables. Further, the Granger causality reveals the presence of unidirectional causality running from FIIs to BSE-ADR during short as well as long span of period. The variance decomposition analysis clearly shows that the price changes in BSE are influenced to a very large extent by innovations in FIIs and confirms the dominant role of FIIs in information dissemination. Thus, the results suggest that BSE is significantly affected by FIIs and the latter is not influenced by variations in the BSE, that is, there exists unidirectional causality running from FIIs to BSE-ADR.