bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences of registered nurses from a refugee background: A scoping review
Authors: Ng Chok Harrison , Mannix Judy , Dickson Cathy , Wilkes Lesley 
Published: January 2018

Aims and objectivesThis scoping review presents an exploration of international literature on the factors that impact refugees’ personal and professional experiences during their journey to being registered nurses in a new host country.BackgroundGovernments of host countries receiving refugees seek to develop strategies that facilitate the successful resettlement, employment and enculturation of refugees that arrive as skilled professionals. There is a scarcity of studies focussing on issues faced by refugees that are RNs or those pursuing nursing registration and employment in a new host country. This study is relevant for resettlement services, nursing registration authorities and education providers and informs the international nursing workforce.DesignScoping review.MethodsDatabases such as MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL; Google Scholar; PubMed; Scopus and Web of Science were searched for qualitative studies published up to and including 2017. Articles that did not specify explicitly the participants as registered nurses and/or refugees were excluded. All eligible articles were analysed for collective findings, and impact factors were extracted, synthesised and illustrated diagrammatically.ResultsThis review explored six eligible articles and six impact factors were identified. The challenging impacts were as follows: loss of control; shock in a new environment and bleak employment prospects. Equally three impact factors: reconciling new reality; establishing a new identity and hope for the future, facilitate positive experiences for nurses in their successful transition into society and the nursing workplace.ConclusionsThis scoping review reports the small number of international studies on the experiences of refugees seeking to become registered and employed as registered nurses. The six impact factors identified influence the lives of the nurse participants socio‐economically in and out of the workplace.Relevance to clinical practicePolicymakers, managers and educators providing resettlement, registration and employment services could develop strategies that enhance integration and transition experiences of refugees aspiring to be registered nurses.
Falls and delirium in an acute care setting: A retrospective chart review before and after an organisation‐wide interprofessional education
Authors: Babine Rhonda L , Hyrkäs Kristiina E , Hallen Sarah , Wierman Heidi R , Bachand Deborah A , Chapman Joanne L , Fuller Valerie J 
Published: January 2018

Aim and objectivesTo describe and compare identification of delirium, length of stay and discharge locations in two patient samples of falls, before and after an organisation‐wide interprofessional delirium education and practice change along with implementation of a policy.BackgroundDelirium is a common and severe problem for hospitalised patients, with occurrence ranging from 14%–56%, morbidity and mortality from 25%–33%. Recent studies report that 73%–96% of patients who fell during a hospital stay had symptoms of delirium; however, the delirium went undiagnosed and untreated in 75% of the cases.DesignA descriptive, retrospective observational study using a pre/postdesign.MethodsTwo chart reviews were performed on patient falls as identified in the hospital safety reporting system in 2009–2010 (98 fallers) and 2012 (108 fallers). An organisation‐wide education was planned and implemented with monitoring of policy compliance.ResultsAfter the education, documentation of the “diagnosis of delirium” and “no evidence of delirium” increased from 14.3%–29.5% and from 27.6%–44.4%. The documentation of “evidence of delirium” decreased significantly from 58.2%–25.9% (p < .001). The confusion assessment method (CAM) identified the diagnosis of delirium at 76% accuracy. The length of stay decreased by 7.3 days. The fall rates in 2011 and 2012 were 3.01 and 2.82 falls per 1,000 patient days and in 2013 decreased to 2.16.ConclusionThe results indicate that improving delirium recognition and treatment through interprofessional education can reduce falls and length of stay.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results demonstrate that when staff learn to prevent, identify, manage and document delirium more accurately the fall rate decreases. The practice change, including the use of CAM, was sustained by continuous auditing including re‐education, and the re‐enforcement of learning along with the implementation of a policy.
Bone augmentation followed by implant surgery in the edentulous mandible: A systematic review
Authors: de Groot R. J. , Oomens M. A. E. M. , Forouzanfar T. , Schulten E. A. J. M. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryLong‐standing loss of natural teeth in the mandible can lead to severe jaw atrophy and even mandibular fracture. There is no consensus on the best pre‐prosthetic surgical treatment to reconstruct the atrophic edentulous mandible. The purpose of this review was to provide an overview of the existing literature and to give an evidence‐based recommendation for bone grafting and future research. This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA statement. A literature search was performed in online databases Pubmed and Cochrane library for articles published between January 1980 and September 2017. The search was conducted using Medical Subject Heading terms: alveolar ridge augmentation; mouth, edentulous and mandible. Eligible articles were included according to in‐ and exclusion criteria and assessed on quality. Dental implant survival and bone stability were the primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes were complications. Twenty‐four text articles matched the criteria and were included. Eleven articles were assessed to be of adequate quality for analysis. Graft stability seems to be higher in vertical distraction and tent‐pole grafting, but as the dental implant survival is high (91.7% or higher) regardless of the procedure used for bone augmentation, this is of no clinical relevance. The survival rate of dental implants is high, regardless of the bone augmentation procedure used. High‐quality clinical trials are needed to support the current evidence and guidelines on pre‐implant bone grafting. Reporting of future research should include proper baseline characteristics and treatment description, as well as uniform outcome rendering.
Bilateral balanced occlusion compared to other occlusal schemes in complete dentures: A systematic review
Authors: Lemos C. A. A. , Verri F. R. , Gomes J. M. L. , Santiago Júnior J. F. , Moraes S. L. D. , Pellizzer E. P. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryNo consensus has been reached regarding the best occlusal scheme for making complete dentures. Thus, the purpose of this systematic review was to compare bilateral balanced occlusion (BBO) with other occlusal schemes (canine guidance, lingualised occlusion and zero degree) in complete dentures. The schemes were compared in terms of quality of life/satisfaction and masticatory performance. Two independent reviewers performed a comprehensive search of studies published in or before October 2017 using the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases. The search was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The focused question was: “In conventional complete denture, is BBO better than lingualised occlusion, canine guidance and zero degree in terms of quality of life, patient satisfaction and masticatory performance/muscle activity?” Seventeen studies were selected for analysis. In total, there were 492 patients with a mean age of 64.78 years and a mean follow‐up duration of 2.96 months (range: 1‐6 months). All studies compared BBO with the other occlusal schemes. Eleven studies evaluated the influence of the occlusal scheme designs on quality of life and satisfaction, and 8 studies evaluated masticatory performance and muscle activity between BBO and the other occlusion schemes. The present systematic review indicated that BBO does not confer better quality of life/satisfaction or masticatory performance and muscle activity. Thus, lingualised occlusion can be considered a predictable occlusal scheme for complete dentures in terms of quality of life/satisfaction and masticatory performance, while canine guidance can be used to reduce muscular activity.
White blood cell differentials in dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF) in comparison to those in dogs without cardiac disease
Authors: Hamilton‐Elliott J. , Ambrose E. , Christley R. , Dukes‐McEwan J. 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesTo determine if dogs with congestive heart failure have different white blood cell differential cell counts than dogs without cardiac disease.Materials and MethodsIn total, 72 dogs with congestive heart failure and 143 controls were included in this retrospective study. Signalment, white blood cell differential counts and echocardiography data were retrieved. Basic statistical analysis was performed on white blood cell differential counts, and principal component analysis was used to compare these counts between cases and controls, with age, gender and case/control status as supplementary variables. Cases and controls were compared with binary logistic regression for the principal components identified and individual white blood cell differential counts. Principal component analysis of cases alone was conducted with age, gender, weight and mitral E wave:isovolumic relaxation time as supplementary variables. Linear regression analysis was used to explore the association between mitral E wave:isovolumic relaxation time and the principal components, weight, gender, age and diagnosis (mitral valve disease or dilated cardiomyopathy).ResultsAmong cases and controls, the largest variance in data (component 1) was associated with neutrophils, band neutrophils, monocytes and case status (P<0·01). The odds of an individual being a case increased 2·5‐fold (95% confidence interval: 1·4 to 4·4) for each unit increase in component 1. Among the cases, mitral E wave:isovolumic relaxation time was associated with neutrophil count and case/control category.Clinical SignificanceDogs with congestive heart failure had a statistically significant increase in neutrophils, band neutrophils and monocytes in comparison with those without cardiac disease but the cell counts remained within normal reference intervals.
Genetic determinants of hepatic steatosis and serum cytokeratin‐18 fragment levels in Taiwanese children
Authors: Lin Yu‐Cheng , Chang Pi‐Feng , Chang Mei‐Hwei , Ni Yen‐Hsuan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackground/AimsThere are substantial genetic components contributing to the susceptibility of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It has recently been reported that the rs641738 C>T variant in the membrane‐bound O‐acyltransferase domain‐containing protein 7 (MBOAT7) gene increased severity of NAFLD in adults of European descent. We aimed to test the hypothesis that MBOAT7 rs641738 variant would increase hepatic steatosis and hepatocellular injury in obese children.MethodsA total of 831 obese children aged 7‐15 years were recruited. Hepatic steatosis was measured by ultrasonography. Because PNPLA3 rs738409, GCKR rs780094 and TM6SF2 rs58542926 variants are known to confer susceptibility to NAFLD, we assessed the influence of MBOAT7 rs641738 on hepatic steatosis, and serum levels of CK‐18 fragment (a biomarker of hepatocellular injury and apoptosis for NAFLD) after adjusting the effects of PNPLA3, GCKR and TM6SF2 polymorphisms.ResultsOf the recruited obese children, 22.7% had hepatic steatosis. PNPLA3 rs738409, GCKR rs780094 and TM6SF2 rs58542926 variants were independent risk factors of hepatic steatosis and elevated ALT levels. In contrast, MBOAT7 rs641738 variants, neither heterozygous nor homozygous genotypes, were not associated with hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, lipid levels and liver enzymes. The multiple linear regression model revealed that after adjusting for age, gender, body mass index z score, PNPLA3 rs738409 and GCKR rs780094 variants, but not MBOAT7 rs641738, were associated with serum levels of CK‐18 fragment.ConclusionsThe variant MBOAT7 rs641738 genotype is not associated with hepatic steatosis and serum levels of CK‐18 fragment in obese Taiwanese children.
U‐Pb and Pb‐Pb apatite ages for Antarctic achondrite Graves Nunataks 06129
Authors: Zhou Qin , Yin Qing‐Zhu , Shearer Charles K. , Li Xian‐Hua , Li Qiu‐Li , Liu Yu , Tang Guo‐Qiang , Li Chun‐Lai 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe Antarctic achondrite Graves Nunataks 06128 (GRA 06128) and Graves Nunataks 06129 (GRA 06129) represent a unique high‐temperature, nonbasaltic magmatism in the early solar system. These objects have been interpreted as products of low‐degree partial melting of volatile‐rich chondritic material, which may have been the asteroid parent bodies of brachinite. Previous studies have investigated their crystallization and metamorphic history with various isotope systematics. Here, we report the U‐Pb intercept age of 4466 ± 29 Ma and the weighted‐average 207Pb‐206Pb age of 4460 ± 30 Ma for the Cl‐apatite grains from GRA 06129. Our apatite ages are obviously younger than that of the 26Al‐26Mg model age (4565.9 ± 0.3 Ma; Shearer et al. ), but are the same as the 40Ar‐39Ar age obtained via step‐heating of the bulk rock (4460 ± 28 Ma; Fernandes and Shearer ; Shearer et al. ). Based on petrographic observations, merrillites are usually rimmed by apatite and exist as inclusions in apatite. Therefore, the apatite U‐Pb age from GRA 06129 probably records a metamorphic event of replacing merrillite with apatite, caused by Cl‐rich melts or fluids on their parent body. A collisional event has provided the impact heating for this metamorphic event. Increasing amounts of geochronologic evidence show that the giant impact of the Moon‐forming event has affected the asteroid belt at 4450–4470 Ma (Bogard and Garrison ; Popova et al. ; Yin et al. ; Zhang et al. ). Considering the contemporary metamorphic events for GRA 06129 (4460 ± 30 Ma), it is likely that the asteroid parent body of GRA 06129 was also affected by the same giant impact as the Moon‐forming event.
Vitamin D levels in asthmatic patients with and without allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Authors: Agarwal Ritesh , Sehgal Inderpaul S. , Dhooria Sahajal , Aggarwal Ashutosh N. , Sachdeva Naresh , Bhadada Sanjay K. , Garg Mandeep , Behera Digambar , Chakrabarti Arunaloke 
Published: January 2018

SummaryVitamin D deficiency is believed to be a pathogenetic factor in patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and cystic fibrosis. Whether vitamin D deficiency is also prevalent in ABPA complicating asthma, remains unknown. Herein, we evaluated vitamin D levels in asthmatic patients with and without ABPA. In a prospective study, plasma vitamin D (25[OH]D) levels were measured in consecutive subjects with asthma (n = 75), ABPA (n = 158) and healthy volunteers (n = 50). Vitamin D levels <20 ng/mL were considered as vitamin D deficiency. There was no difference in mean (95% CI) vitamin D levels between healthy controls (15.3 [12.7‐17.9]), asthmatics (19.2 [16.3‐22.1]) and subjects with ABPA (18.9 [16.9‐20.8]) (P = .22). Vitamin D deficiency was encountered in 70%, 64% and 65% of the healthy controls, asthmatics and ABPA subjects, respectively, and was not different between the groups (P = .79). There was no difference in the asthma control, pulmonary function, immunological findings and the severity of bronchiectasis, in patients with ABPA, with and without vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency is equally prevalent in asthmatic patients with or without ABPA in the Indian subcontinent, and does not appear to play a major role in the pathogenesis of ABPA complicating asthma.
Association of leptin with disease severity and inflammation indicators in Chinese obese children with allergic rhinitis
Authors: Liu Wenlong , Zeng Qingxiang , Zhou Lifeng , Luo Renzhong , Dong Haipeng 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of both obesity and allergic diseases in children has increased over the last several decades. However, the direct relationship between diverse allergic diseases and obesity has varied in different studies. Therefore, we aimed to examine the effect of obesity on the incidence and severity of allergic rhinitis (AR) and the possible key inflammation mediators during AR.MethodsA total of 3126 healthy students (without chronic diseases) were recruited from 14 randomly selected secondary schools in Guangzhou, China. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist‐to‐height ratio (WHR), and body fat percentage (PBF) were measured and compared. The effect of obesity indicators and leptin level (exposures) on the incidence (primary outcome) and severity of AR (secondary outcomes) was analyzed. Inflammatory markers were detected and compared among groups.ResultsThe symptom score (9.5 ± 3.1 vs 8.2 ± 3.5, P < .05) and medication score (3.6 ± 1.6 vs 2.9 ± 1.8, P < .05) were significantly higher in obese children with AR than in non‐obese children with AR. After adjusting for potential confounders, multiple linear regression analysis showed that the serum leptin concentration was significantly correlated with the levels of T‐helper (TH) 2 cytokines (coefficient, 0.48 [95% CI, 0.05‐0.91]), TH17 cytokines (coefficient, 0.39 [95% CI, 0.11‐0.89]), and regulatory T‐cell cytokines (IL‐10, coefficient, −0.43 [95% CI, −0.02‐0.65]; TGF‐β, coefficient, −0.65 [95% CI, −0.06‐1.35]) in patients with AR.ConclusionsOur study shows that obesity exacerbates inflammation and contributes to disease severity in AR. Our study provides evidence that leptin was involved in enhanced TH inflammation as well as the accumulation and activation of inflammatory cells in obese children with AR.
An approach to the asthma‐protective farm effect by geocoding: Good farms and better farms
Authors: Müller‐Rompa S. E. K. , Markevych I. , Hose A. J. , Loss G. , Wouters I. M. , Genuneit J. , Braun‐Fahrländer C. , Horak E. , Boznanski A. , Heederik D. , von Mutius E. , Heinrich J. , Ege M. J. ,   The GABRIELA Study Group
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe highly consistent association of growing up on a farm with a reduced asthma risk has so far been attributed to direct farm exposure. In contrast, geographic determinants of the larger environment have never been assessed. In this study, the effects of proximity to farms and environmental variables in relation to the residential address on asthma and atopy were assessed.MethodsAddresses of 2265 children of the Bavarian arm of the GABRIELA study were converted into geocodes. Proximity to the nearest cow farm was calculated, and environmental characteristics were derived from satellite data or terrestrial monitoring. Bacterial diversity in mattress dust samples was assessed in 501 children by sequencing of the 16S rRNA amplicons. Logistic regression models were used to calculate associations between outcomes and exposure variables.ResultsAsthma and atopy were inversely associated with the presence of a farm within a radius of maximum 100 m. The environmental variables greenness, tree cover, soil sealing, altitude, air pollution differed not only between farm and non‐farm children but also between farm children with and without another farm nearby. The latter distinction revealed strong associations with characteristics of traditional farms including a broader diversity of microbial exposure, which mainly contributed to the protective effect on asthma. In non‐farm children, the protective effect of a farm nearby was completely explained by consumption of farm milk.ConclusionsClustering of farms within a neighborhood of 100 m is strongly associated with the protective effect on asthma and may represent a more traditional style of farming with broader microbial exposure.
Local immune response to larvae of Rhipicephalus microplus in Santa Gertrudis cattle
Authors: Constantinoiu C. C. , Lew‐Tabor A. , Jackson L. A. , Jorgensen W. K. , Piper E. K. , Mayer D. G. , Johnson L. , Venus B. , Jonsson N. N. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThis study investigated the local immune response at larval attachment sites in Santa Gertrudis cattle with low and high levels of tick resistance. Skin samples with tick larvae attached were collected from Santa Gertrudis cattle at the end of a period of 25 weekly infestations, when the animals manifested highly divergent tick‐resistant phenotypes. There was a tendency for more CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD25+, γδ T cells and neutrophils to concentrate at larval tick attachment site in susceptible cattle than in resistant cattle but the differences were significant only for γδ T cells and CD4+ cells. Most of the cattle developed intra‐epidermal vesicles at the larval attachment site but the predominant cell within or around the vesicles was the neutrophil in susceptible animals and eosinophil in the resistant animals. The monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for CD45 and CD45 RO antigens reacted with skin leucocytes from a higher number of susceptible cattle than resistant cattle. Our data suggest that some of the cellular responses mounted at larval attachment site are not involved in tick protection. The mAbs specific for CD45 and CD45 RO directly, or a test for CD45 genotype might be developed as markers of tick susceptibility or resistance.
Development and preliminary validation of an ageism scale for dental students
Authors: Rucker Ryan , Barlow Patrick B. , Hartshorn Jennifer , Kaufman Laura , Smith Becky , Kossioni Anastassia , Marchini Leonardo 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTPurpose/aimThis work presents the preliminary validation of a novel scale assessing ageism attitudes among dental students.Method and materialsA 27‐question scale was created based on existing ageism scales. The new ageism scale was applied to 144 dental students. Content validity was achieved by experts’ consensus. Questions whose deletion increased the overall α, loading < 0.40, loading on more than one factors, or those unexpectedly grouped in another factor were thoroughly examined. Principal Component Analysis assessed internal structure of the measure.ResultsThe final ageism scale included four items in a single factor that explained 58.5% of the overall variance with substantially higher reliability than other factors. The Cronbach's α for this single four‐items factor was 0.75.ConclusionsThis preliminary analysis of a novel ageism scale for dental professionals pointed to four items achieving high reliability, providing guidance for a future definitive validation study with a larger sample.
Oral and craniofacial manifestations in a Hunter syndrome patient with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A case report
Authors: Torres Rafaela de Oliveira , Pintor Andréa Vaz Braga , Guedes Fábio Ribeiro , Freitas‐Fernandes Liana Bastos , Barth Anneliese Lopes , Horovitz Dafne Dain Gandelman , de Souza Ivete Pomarico Ribeiro 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTWe described herein the oral and craniofacial features of a 7‐year‐old boy, diagnosed in utero with mucopolysaccharidosis II (MPS II), who was treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) at 70 days of age. The main oral clinical findings were the following: macroglossia, posterior cross‐bite, crowding, pointed cuspid teeth, delayed tooth eruption, retained primary teeth, and enamel hypoplasia. The image examination showed: retention eruption, posterior primary teeth with short roots, absence of some permanent teeth, and stretching of the stylohyoid processes bilaterally. This patient showed the importance of early diagnosis and HSCT therapy in attenuating the clinical and radiographic oral and craniofacial manifestations of the MPS II patient.