bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An equatorial solar wind model with angular momentum conservation and nonradial magnetic fields and flow velocities at an inner boundary
Authors: Tasnim S. , Cairns Iver H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAn analytic, self‐consistent, theoretical model for the solar wind is developed that generalizes previous models to include all of the following: conservation of angular momentum, frozen‐in magnetic fields, both radial (r) and azimuthal (ϕ) components of the magnetic field (Br and Bϕ) and velocity (vr and vϕ) from the inner boundary rs to 1 AU, and the detailed tracing back of observations at 1 AU to the inner boundary and all intervening (r,ϕ). The new model applies near the solar equatorial plane, assumes constant radial wind speed at each heliolongitude, and enforces corotation at the inner boundary. It is shown that the new theoretical model can be reduced to the previous models in the appropriate limits. We apply the model to two solar rotations of Wind spacecraft data, one near solar minimum (1–27 August 2010) and one near solar maximum (1–27 July 2002). The model analytically predicts the Alfvénic critical radius ra from the radial Alfvénic Mach number observed at 1 AU. Typically, the values are less than 15 solar radii, in agreement with some recent observations, and vary with longitude. Values of vϕ(r,ϕ) are predicted from the model, being always in the sense of corotation but varying in magnitude with r and ϕ. Reasonable and self‐consistent results are found for Br(r,ϕ), Bϕ(r,ϕ), vϕ(r,ϕ), and n(r,ϕ) from rs to 1 AU. Both the azimuthal and radial magnetic fields at rs vary with time by more than an order of magnitude and usually |Br(rs,ϕs)|≥|Bϕ(rs,ϕs)|. Typically, though not always, magnetic contributions to the total angular momentum are small. Interestingly, however, the azimuthal flow velocities observed at 1 AU are not always in the corotation direction and usually have much larger magnitudes than predicted by the model. Conservation of angular momentum alone cannot explain these azimuthal velocities and the standard interpretation involving stream‐stream interactions and dynamical behavior seems reasonable. Issues regarding the model's applicability appear to be due to the assumptions of corotation and constant wind speed breaking down below the Alfvén critical radius.
Switchover of the Mechanism between Electron Transfer and Hydrogen‐Atom Transfer for a Protonated Manganese(IV)–Oxo Complex by Changing Only the Reaction Temperature
Authors: Jung Jieun , Kim Surin , Lee Yong‐Min , Nam Wonwoo , Fukuzumi Shunichi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHydroxylation of mesitylene by a nonheme manganese(IV)–oxo complex, [(N4Py)MnIV(O)]2+ (1), proceeds via one‐step hydrogen‐atom transfer (HAT) with a large deuterium kinetic isotope effect (KIE) of 3.2(3) at 293 K. In contrast, the same reaction with a triflic acid‐bound manganese(IV)‐oxo complex, [(N4Py)MnIV(O)]2+‐(HOTf)2 (2), proceeds via electron transfer (ET) with no KIE at 293 K. Interestingly, when the reaction temperature is lowered to less than 263 K in the reaction of 2, however, the mechanism changes again from ET to HAT with a large KIE of 2.9(3). Such a switchover of the reaction mechanism from ET to HAT is shown to occur by changing only temperature in the boundary region between ET and HAT pathways when the driving force of ET from toluene derivatives to 2 is around −0.5 eV. The present results provide a valuable and general guide to predict a switchover of the reaction mechanism from ET to the others, including HAT.
Amelioration of electrochemical and photovoltaic performances on P(VP‐co‐VAc) based gel polymer electrolyte by incorporating double salt for dye‐sensitized solar cells
Authors: Robin S. , Ng H. M. , Ramesh S. , Ramesh K. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTDye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is an alternative photovoltaic application used to replace the liquid electrolyte dependent conventional photovoltaic cell. In this research, gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) was used to replace the unstable liquid electrolyte. This GPE consists of poly[1‐vinylpyrrolidone‐co‐vinyl acetate] (P[VP‐co‐VAc]), tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI), sodium iodide (NaI), iodine (I2), ethylene carbonate (EC), and propylene carbonate (PC). The GPE was tested for its ionic conductivity and an optimum level was reached at sample with 30% TBAI and 6% NaI at 1.17 × 10−3 S cm−1. The DSSC was then fabricated with all GPEs and a photovoltaic performance study was conducted. As a result, the highest photovoltaic conversion efficiency (PCE), η for a single salt was 3.04% for 40% TBAI. When a second salt is added, the system showed improvement in efficiency, η to 4.54% with short circuit current density, Jsc of 11.02 mA cm−2 and open circuit voltage, Voc of 0.67 V and FF of 61%. The other changes after the addition of TBAI and NaI salts have been observed through X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transformation and thermal analysis studies. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43805.
Morphology, structure, and properties of metal oxide/polymer nanocomposite electrospun mats
Authors: Hoogesteijn von Reitzenstein Natalia , Bi Xiangyu , Yang Yu , Hristovski Kiril , Westerhoff Paul 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTAdding nanoparticles into polymer solutions before electrospinning creates unique hierarchical morphologies dispersed throughout small diameter nanoparticle‐polymeric fibers. Effects of polymer composition, nanoparticle (NP) type, loading, and electrospinning voltage conditions were studied. As examples, indium, iron, and titanium oxide engineered nanoparticles (NPs) were dispersed into polyvinylpyrrolidone or polystyrene and electrospun. NP loadings below 5 wt % did not affect critical voltage required for Taylor cone formation, whereas higher NP loadings require higher critical voltages. Polymeric fiber thickness and macroscopic morphology is not impacted by up to 5 wt % NP loadings, and NP dispersion throughout the fibers were similar to their dispersion in initial polymer suspension. NP loadings above 5 wt % increased viscosity, which decrease subsequent fiber diameter. Experiments in water containing inorganic and organic pollutants in water demonstrate that the polymer is largely nonporous. This work enables design of multifunctional nanomaterial‐polymer composite fibers for wide‐ranging applications such as water and air treatment. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43811.
Eso‐Based Adaptive Robust Control of Dual Motor Driving Servo System
Authors: Ren Xuemei , Li Dongwu , Sun Guofa , Zhao Wei 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBased on extended state observer (ESO), we propose an adaptive robust control (ARC) for a dual motor driving servo system, in which there exist nonlinearities affecting control performance. To apply ESO and estimate the lumped uncertainty online, backlash and friction are analyzed and the nonlinear model of the plant is derived. We achieve several control objectives. First, the bias torque is considered in order to eliminate the effect of backlash. Second, the speed feedback is used to maintain the speed synchronization of motors. Then, to achieve feedforward control, finite‐time ESO is designed to estimate the unknown nonlinearities online. Furthermore, the ESO‐based adaptive robust controller is designed to guarantee L∞ of tracking error by an initialization method, maintaining the transient performance of tracking behavior. Finally, extensive experimental results on a practical test rig validate the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Purification and characterization of a high salt‐tolerant alginate lyase from Cobetia sp. WG‐007
Authors: Gong Jin‐Song , Liu Xu‐Mei , Zhang Ming‐Jie , Li Heng , Geng Yan , Li Hui , Li Jing , Lu Zhen‐Ming , Xu Zheng‐Hong , Shi Jin‐Song 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAn alginate lyase producing bacterial strain, Cobetia sp. WG‐007, was isolated and identified from rotting seaweed. The alginate lyase, Aly‐W02, was purified by procedures of ultrafiltration, Q‐Sepharose Fast Flow, Phenyl Sepharose 6 Fast Flow, and Superdex‐G100 with specific activity of 21,285.5 U/mg. Aly‐W02 had an apparent molecular mass of 35 kDa. It exhibited maximum activity at 45 °C in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 8.5). This alginate lyase was stable in the pH range of 6.0–8.5. Among the tested metal ions, the addition of K+, Na+, and Mg2+ ions can enhance the enzyme activities, while Ba2+, Ni+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Ag+, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid decreased the activities. It displayed high salt‐tolerant ability; 0.8 M NaCl or 1.5 M KCl significantly enhanced the enzyme activity. Furthermore, Aly‐W02 mainly released disaccharide, trisaccharide, and tetrasaccharid from alginate. It showed potential in producing low molecular weight alginate oligosaccharides.
Single-stage resection and microwave ablation for bilobar colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Philips P , Groeschl R T , Hanna E M , Swan R Z , Turaga K K , Martinie J B , Iannitti D A , Schmidt C , Gamblin T C lark , Martin R C G 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Background
Patients undergoing liver resection combined with microwave ablation (MWA) for bilobar colorectal metastasis may have similar overall survival to patients who undergo two-stage hepatectomy, but with less morbidity.

Methods
This was a multi-institutional evaluation of patients who underwent MWA between 2003 and 2012. Morbidity (90-day) and mortality were compared between patients who had MWA alone and those who underwent combined resection and MWA (CRA). Mortality and overall survival after CRA were compared with published data on two-stage resections.

Results
Some 201 patients with bilobar colorectal liver metastasis treated with MWA from four high-volume institutions were evaluated (100 MWA alone, 101 CRA). Patients who had MWA alone were older, but the groups were otherwise well matched demographically. The tumour burden was higher in the CRA group (mean number of lesions 3·9 versus 2·2; P = 0·003). Overall (31·7 versus 15·0 per cent; P = 0·006) and high-grade (13·9 versus 5·0 per cent; P = 0·030) complication rates were higher in the CRA group. Median overall survival was slightly shorter in the CRA group (38·4 versus 42·2 months; P = 0·132) but disease-free survival was similar (10·1 versus 9·3 months; P = 0·525). The morbidity and mortality of CRA compared favourably with rates in the existing literature on two-stage resection, and survival data were similar.

Conclusion
Single-stage hepatectomy and MWA resulted in survival similar to that following two-stage hepatectomy, with less overall morbidity.
Immortalized bovine mammary epithelial cells express stem cell markers and differentiate in vitro
Authors: Hu Han , Zheng Nan , Gao Haina , Dai Wenting , Zhang Yangdong , Li Songli , Wang Jiaqi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe bovine mammary epithelial cell is a secretory cell, and its cell number and secretory activity determine milk production. In this study, we immortalized a bovine mammary epithelial cell line by SV40 large T antigen gene using a retrovirus based on Chinese Holstein primary mammary epithelial cells (CMEC) cultured in vitro. An immortalized bovine mammary epithelial cell line surpassed the 50‐passage mark and was designated the CMEC‐H. The immortalized mammary epithelial cells grew in close contact with each other and exhibited the typical cobblestone morphology characteristic with obvious boundaries. The telomerase expression of CMEC‐H has consistently demonstrated the presence of telomerase activity as an immortalized cell line, but the cell line never induced tumor formation in nude mice. CMEC‐H expressed epithelial (cytokeratins CK7, CK8, CK18, and CK19), mesenchymal (vimentin), and stem/progenitor (CD44 and p63) cell markers. The induced expression of milk proteins, αS1‐casein, β‐casein, κ‐casein, and butyrophilin, indicated that CMEC‐H maintained the synthesis function of the mammary epithelial cells. The established immortalized bovine mammary epithelial cell line CMEC‐H is capable of self‐renewal and differentiation and can serve as a valuable reagent for studying the physiological mechanism of the mammary gland.
Direct transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation without balloon pre‐dilatation using the Edwards Sapien XT valve
Authors: Bandali Alykhan , Parry‐Williams Gemma , Kassam Aliya , Palmer Sonny , Williams Paul D. , de Belder Mark A. , Owens Andrew , Goodwin Andrew , Muir Douglas F. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesTo evaluate the feasibility and safety of direct transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) by the transfemoral approach without balloon pre‐dilatation using the Edwards SapienXT valve.BackgroundTAVI is established in selected high‐risk patients with severe aortic stenosis. Balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) is recommended prior to valve implantation, but may contribute to procedural risk. It is unknown whether this is necessary for successful passage and deployment of the device.Methods81 patients (mean age 84 [95%CI:82–85.8], 62% male, median EuroScore 22.8% [95%CI:20.5–27]) undergoing transfemoral TAVI (35 by direct implantation [direct group]; 46 with balloon pre‐dilatation [balloon group]) between 2010 and 2013 were analyzed for efficacy and safety endpoints.ResultsProcedural success was 100%. Pre and post‐procedural peak gradients in the direct group were 66mmHg (95%CI:59–72.8) and 14mmHg (95%CI:12–17.8)(P < 0.0001) compared to 76.5mmHg (95%CI:73.7–94.0) and 17mmHg (95%CI:16–19)(P < 0.0001) in the balloon group. Post‐dilatation was performed in 4/35(11.4%) of the direct group and 3/46(6.5%) of the balloon group (P = 0.83). Post procedure moderate AR was present in 1/35(2.9%) in the direct group and none in the balloon group. In‐hospital mortality (2.9% direct vs. 0% balloon group), stroke (2.9% vs. 4.4%), tamponade (2.9% vs. 2.2%), major vascular complications (2.9% vs. 8.7%) and new permanent pacing (2.2% vs. 0) were similar. Pacing time, inflations, radiation dose and contrast use were all significantly lower in the direct group.ConclusionsDirect implantation of the Edwards SapienXT valve during TAVI by the transfemoral route appears safe, efficacious and feasible in those without extreme calcification. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heterogeneous Catalytic Hydroarylation of Olefins at a Nanoscopic Aluminum Chlorofluoride
Authors: Calvo Beatriz , Wuttke Jan , Braun Thomas , Kemnitz Erhard 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe report on hydroarylation reactions of arenes with olefins under very mild conditions catalyzed heterogeneously by aluminum chlorofluoride (ACF; AlClxF3−x, x≈0.05–0.25). The reactions of benzene and toluene with ethylene or propylene proceed with high conversions to afford various alkylated arenes. For cyclohexene and 1‐hexene, the reactions require higher temperatures and the conversions are lower. ACF also catalyzes the hydroarylation of 1,3,5‐trifluorobenzene and pentafluorobenzene with ethylene and propylene. The alkylations of arenes with non‐fluorinated olefins resemble typical Friedel–Crafts chemistry to give rise to Markovnikov regioselectivity. The reaction of CF3CH=CH2 with benzene proceeds with anti‐Markovnikov regioselectivity to give the fluorinated olefin PhCHCH=CF2 and the alkylation product PhCH2CH2CF3 as products of C−F and C−H activation.
Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy of Cytochrome c Peroxidase through the Orientation‐Controlled Immobilisation of Cytochrome c
Authors: Gunawan Christian A. , Nam Ekaterina V. , Marquis Christopher P. , Gooding J. Justin , Thordarson Pall , Zhao Chuan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractImmobilisation of enzymes onto surfaces with defined orientation is of particular importance in order to optimise their activity and capacity to dock electron‐transfer partners. Local characterisation methods are thus crucial to understanding the activity–orientation relationship of immobilised enzymes for long‐term storage and applications. Herein, cytochrome c (cyt c) is chemoselectively immobilised through a cysteine functional group with a maleimide‐functionalised gold surface, thus controlling cyt c orientation. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed successful cyt c immobilisation. Scanning electrochemical microscopy methodologies were developed to quantify the activity of immobilised cyt c and cytochrome c peroxidase (CcP). The results suggest optimal enzymatic activities and docking ability for surface‐tethered cyt c are obtained through the cysteine–maleimide linkage, in comparison to conventional indiscriminate lysine–carboxyl linkages. This study reveals the strong influence of cyt c orientation, as a result of linking strategy, upon the docking ability of redox‐electron partner CcP.
A Hexakis Terpyridine‐Fullerene Ligand in Six‐Fold Ruthenium, Iridium, and Iron Complexes: Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Yan Weibo , Réthoré Céline , Menning Sebastian , Brenner‐Weiß Gerald , Muller Thierry , Pierrat Philippe , Bräse Stefan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAn unprecedented straightforward route to six‐fold terpyridine ligands around C60, the latter being regioselectively functionalized in pseudo‐octahedral positions using a six‐fold Bingel reaction, is reported. Ruthenium, iridium, and iron complexes have been synthesized, and unambiguously characterized by NMR, MS, and cyclic voltammetry.
Photoinduced DNA Interstrand Cross‐Link Formation by Naphthalene Boronates via a Carbocation
Authors: Wang Yibin , Lin Zechao , Fan Heli , Peng Xiaohua 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMost photoinduced DNA cross‐link formation by a bifunctional aryl derivative is through a bisquinone methide. DNA cross‐linking via a bisarylcarbocation remains a less explored area. We designed and synthesized a series of naphthalene boronates that produce DNA interstrand cross‐links via a carbocation upon UV irradiation. A free radical was generated from the naphthalene boronates with 350 nm irradiation and further converted to a carbocation by electron transfer. The activation mechanism was determined using the orthogonal traps, 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO) and methoxyamine that react with either the free radical or the carbocation but not both. This represents a novel example of photoinduced DNA cross‐link formation via carbocations generated from a bisaryl derivative. This work provides information useful for the design of novel photoactivated DNA cross‐linking agents.
Palladium‐Initiated Radical Cascade Stereoselective Iodofluoroalkylation/Cycloisomerization of Ene‐vinylidenecyclopropanes
Authors: Yang Song , Xu Qin , Shi Min 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA novel and convenient palladium‐initiated radical cascade stereoselective iodofluoroalkylation/cycloisomerization of ene‐vinylidenecyclopropanes with fluoroalkyl iodides has been developed. The reaction proceeds under mild reaction conditions with high atom economy and stereoselectivity, thereby allowing an efficient access to a variety of difluoromethylated or perfluoroalkylated pyrrolidines tethered with an alkyl iodide. Two plausible radical pathways for the transformation have been proposed on the basis of the results of control experiments and previous reports, which in one case it was thought that palladium(0) was an initiator rather than a catalyst.
Concise Approach to (ent)‐14 β‐Hydroxysteroids through Highly Diastereo‐/Enantioselective Diels–Alder Reactions
Authors: Peter Clovis , Ressault Blandine , Geoffroy Philippe , Miesch Michel 
Published: May 2016

Abstract14β‐Hydroxysteroids, especially 14β‐hydroxyandrostane derivatives are closely related to the cardenolide skeletons. The latter were readily available through highly diastero/enantioselective Diels–Alder (DA) reactions requiring high pressure or Lewis acid activation. Moreover, in the presence of (R)‐ or (S)‐carvone as a chiral dienophile, the DA‐reaction takes place under chemodivergent parallel kinetic resolution control affording highly enantiomerically enriched 14β‐hydroxysteroid derivatives or the corresponding (ent)‐14β‐hydroxysteroid derivatives.
Catalytic Access to Alkyl Bromides, Chlorides and Iodides via Visible Light‐Promoted Decarboxylative Halogenation
Authors: Candish Lisa , Standley Eric A. , Gómez‐Suárez Adrián , Mukherjee Satobhisha , Glorius Frank 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHerein is reported the catalytic, visible light‐promoted, decarboxylative halogenation (bromination, chlorination, and iodination) of aliphatic carboxylic acids. This operationally‐simple reaction tolerates a range of functional groups, proceeds at room temperature, and is redox neutral. By employing an iridium photocatalyst in concert with a halogen atom source, the use of stoichiometric metals such as silver, mercury, thallium, and lead can be circumvented. This reaction grants access to valuable synthetic building blocks from the large pool of cheap, readily available carboxylic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Absorption Spectrophotometric and X‐Ray Diffraction Studies of the Trichlorides of Berkelium‐249 and Californium‐249.
Authors: PETERSON J. R. , YOUNG J. P. , ENSOR D. D. , HAIRE R. G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBkCl3 has been prepared for the first time in the PuBr3‐type orthorhombic modification by quenching from the melt.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Cubic HZr2(PO4)3 and Related Compounds.
Authors: ONO A. , YAJIMA Y. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA single phase of cubic NH4Zr2(PO4)3 (I) with langbeinite‐type structure has been prepared at 235 °C by a hydrothermal method using mixtures of NH4H2PO4 and ZrOCl2·8 H2O as starting materials and NH4F as mineralizer.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Electrical Conductivity of a New Family of Pt Mixed Valence Complexes: Pt6(NH3)14Cl10X4 (X: ClO4, BF4, and PF6).
Authors: TANAKA M. , TSUJIKAWA I. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title complexes have been prepared by partial oxidation (H2O2 or electrochemically) of the Magnus green salt, (Pt(NH3)4) (PtCl4) (I), in HClO4, HBF4, or HPF6 solution.
ChemInform Abstract: (R)‐2‐Isopropenylcyclopropane‐1,1‐dicarboxylic Acid: Absolute Configuration and Stereospecific Ring Expansion of Its Dimethyl Ester.
Authors: QUINKERT G. , SCHMALZ H.‐G. , WALZER E. , GROSS S. , DUERNER G. + , BATS J. W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of the title acid (VI) starts from the reaction of the alcohol (I) with the diacid (II) via cyclization to the cyclopropane derivative (V) as shown in the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: (2.3)Wittig Rearrangement‐Peterson Olefination Sequence: A Stereocontrolled Approach to Conjugated Dienynes.
Authors: MIKAMI K. , MAEDA T. , NAKAI T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWhen treated with butyl lithium the bissilylated unsaturated ethers (I) rearrange to form the carbinols (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Photoinduced Electron‐Transfer Promoted Isomerization of 7,7‐Dimethyl‐trans‐bicyclo(4.1.0)hept‐3‐ene.
Authors: GASSMAN P. G. , MLINARIC‐MAJERSKI K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAs outlined in the reaction scheme, the trans‐bicycloheptene (V) is prepared from the dicarboxylic acid (Ia) via the sulfide (IIIa) and ring contraction of the chlorosulfone (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Heterocyclization of Dithioalkanoic Acids.
Authors: TROYANSKII E. I. , LAZAREVA M. I. , DEMCHUK D. V. , NIKISHIN G. I. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBei der Oxidation der Dithiocarbonsäuren (I) mit Natriumperoxodisulfat/ Kupfer(II)‐Salzen entstehen Gemische der Dithiolthione (II) mit denCyclotetrameren (III) und den entsprechenden Carbonsäuren (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Bromochlorination of Alkenes with Dichlorobromate (1‐) Ion. Part 4. Regiochemistry of Bromochlorinations of Alkenes with Molecular Bromine Chloride and Dichlorobromate (1‐) Ion.
Authors: NEGORO T. , IKEDA Y. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe regioselectivity of the addition of the dichlorobromate ion to the alkenes (I) to give (II) and (III) is controlled mainly by the steric effects of the substituents, whereas the regioselectivity of the addition of molecular bromine chloride to (I) is dependent on both the steric and electronic effects of the substituent.