bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The arrangement of the coronary artery trunks is subject to inheritance factors: A study in Syrian hamsters
Authors: Soto‐Navarrete M. T. , Arqué J. M. , Durán A. C. , Fernández M. C. , López‐Unzu M. A. , Lorenzale M. , Sans‐Coma V. , Fernández B. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThe concept that anatomical variations in the coronary artery tree might be influenced by genes is relatively old. However, empirical evidence on the effect of genotype on the coronary morphology is still scarce. In the Syrian hamster, there is a septal coronary artery which arises from the left or from the right coronary artery and supplies most of the interventricular septum. The aim was to decide whether the anatomical origin of the septal artery is subject to inheritance factors. Overall, 483 internal casts of the heart and coronary arteries were examined. All the hamsters included in this study had normal coronary arteries. The results of 74 crosses were compared statistically to seek for any significant difference between the phenotypes of the offspring and the phenotypes of the parents. The left septal artery was over‐represented in the offspring of crosses between parents having both a left septal artery (p < .01), while the right septal artery was over‐represented in the offspring of crosses between parents, one with a right and the other with a left septal artery (p < .001), and, more markedly, in the offspring of crosses between parents both with a right septal artery (p < .001). These results are the first to reveal that the coronary artery pattern is influenced by genetic factors, at least in its proximal portion with regard to the aorta.
Regional nerve blockade for early analgesic management of elderly patients with hip fracture – a narrative review
Authors: Scurrah A. , Shiner C. T. , Stevens J. A. , Faux S. G. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryElderly patients with hip fracture experience high morbidity and mortality, and are often undertreated for pain. Acute pain management in the elderly is challenging, with physiological frailty, medical comorbidities and cognitive impairment commonly compounding pain assessment and treatment. Guidelines outlining current best practice for acute pain management in the elderly now exist, but evidence suggests that practice remains variable and there continues to be scope for improvement. We conducted a narrative review of the literature to examine the challenges of acute pain management in the elderly, and to evaluate evidence for the role of regional nerve blocks for acute pain associated with hip fracture in the elderly. There is consistent evidence that regional nerve blocks can effectively reduce pain associated with hip fracture, providing rapid‐onset, site‐specific analgesia that is more effective than standard systemic analgesia alone. There is also moderate evidence that nerve blocks may contribute to reduced rates of delirium, and some suggestion of reduced length of inpatient stay, morbidity and mortality, although limited evidence is available. Fascia iliaca blocks are emerging as a block of choice, with evidence they can be safely and rapidly administered under ultrasound guidance in the acute setting, by both trained medical and nursing staff, with good effect. Ideally, comprehensive pain protocols for elderly hip fracture patients are required, that integrate evidence‐based fascia iliaca block use, timely and repeated pain assessment, and multidisciplinary orthogeriatric patient care.
Protective effects of melatonin on the in vitro developmental competence of bovine oocytes
Authors: Pang Yunwei , Zhao Shanjiang , Sun Yeqing , Jiang Xiaolong , Hao Haisheng , Du Weihua , Zhu Huabin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe present study investigated the effects of melatonin on bovine oocyte maturation and subsequent embryonic development in vitro. Results showed that the nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation, characterized by first polar body extrusion, normal distribution of cortical granules and mitochondria, as well as increased mitochondrial membrane potential, were significantly improved in 10−9 mol/L melatonin‐treated oocytes. Melatonin supplementation reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species level and enhanced glutathione production. Meanwhile, the presence of melatonin (10−9 mol/L) during oocyte maturation resulted in a decreased early apoptotic rate in oocytes. After in vitro fertilization, oocytes receiving melatonin supplementation exhibited a significantly higher blastocyst formation rate and yielded a markedly lower number of apoptotic cells. Mechanistic explorations showed that addition of 10−9 mol/L melatonin to in vitro maturation media significantly attenuated the transcript level of caspase‐3, while the expressions of BCL‐2, XIAP, CAT and HSP70 were significantly reinforced in the resultant embryos. Taken together, melatonin ameliorates bovine oocyte maturation potential, and the beneficial effects can affect subsequent embryonic development. The protective role of melatonin may be due to its anti‐apoptotic and anti‐oxidative activities.
Individual and interpersonal emotion regulation among adults with substance use disorders and matched controls
Authors: Dingle Genevieve A. , Neves Diana da Costa , Alhadad Sakinah S. J. , Hides Leanne 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesSelf‐report studies show that negative emotional states and ineffective use of emotion regulation strategies are key maintaining factors of substance use disorders (SUD). However, experimental research into emotional processing in adults with SUD is in its infancy. Theoretical conceptualizations of emotion regulation have shifted from a focus on individual (internal) processes to one that encompasses social and interpersonal functions – including the regulation of facial expression of emotion. The purpose of this study was to examine the individual and interpersonal emotion regulation capacity of 35 adults in residential treatment diagnosed with a SUD compared to 35 demographically matched controls (both samples Mage = 25 years; 37% females).Design and methodsParticipants completed a facial emotion expression flexibility task while viewing emotive images, as well as the Difficulties of Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and the Social (Emotion) Expectancy Scale (SES).ResultsAdults in SUD treatment experienced significantly more emotion regulation difficulties on all DERS subscales than controls. They also reported higher levels of negative self‐evaluation and social expectancies not to feel negative emotions (anxiety and depression) compared to controls. Moreover, when viewing emotive images, the treatment sample showed significantly less flexibility of their emotional expression compared to the control sample.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that the awareness, expression, and regulation of emotions are particularly difficult for people with SUD and this may maintain their substance use and provide an important target for treatment.Practitioner points

Compared to matched controls, adults with substance use disorders self‐report significantly more difficulties with emotional awareness and regulation.

Compared to matched controls, adults with substance use disorders report significantly greater expectancies not to show depression and anxiety.

When viewing positive and negative images, adults with substance use disorders are significantly less flexible in their facial expression of emotion than matched controls in response to regulatory instructions.

Emotion regulation should be measured and addressed as part of substance use disorder treatment.
Union Renewal and Workplace Greening — Three Case Studies
Authors: Farnhill Tom 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis article evaluates the renewal potential of three unions’ workplace greening agendas in three large workplaces. The cases suggest the agenda is easy to initiate with members and employers and has tangible environmental benefits but is labour intensive and difficult to sustain beyond focusing events. There is limited evidence that the agenda attracts new members but stronger evidence that it attracts new activists. Although facilitative of partnership, unions are mainly cast as environmental watchdogs and trouble‐shooters. The findings suggest that even timely, popular, developmental agendas, conducive to partnership, can have only a moderate effect on union renewal and must be consciously configured to do so properly.
Propensity matched comparative analysis of survival following chemoradiation or radical cystectomy for muscle‐invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Ritch Chad R. , Balise Raymond , Prakash Nachiketh Soodana , Alonzo David , Almengo Katherine , Alameddine Mahmoud , Venkatramani Vivek , Punnen Sanoj , Parekh Dipen J. , Gonzalgo Mark L. 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveTo compare survival outcome between chemoradiation therapy (CRT) and radical cystectomy (RC) for muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).Patients and MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with MIBC (≥cT2, N0, M0) in the National Cancer Database (2004–2013). CRT was defined as a radiation dose of ≥40 Gy and chemotherapy within 90 days of radiation. Descriptive statistics were used to compare groups. RC and CRT patients were propensity matched. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to compare overall survival (OS). Multivariable Cox regression was used to determine predictors of survival.ResultsIn all, 8 379 (6 606 RC and 1 773 CRT) patients met the inclusion criteria and 1 683 patients in each group were propensity matched. On multivariable extended Cox analysis, significant predictors of decreased OS were age, Charlson‐Deyo Comorbidity score of 1, Charlson‐Deyo Comorbidity score of 2, stage cT3–4, and urothelial histology. CRT was associated with decreased mortality at year 1 (hazard ratio [HR] 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.74–0.96; P = 0.01), but at 2 years (HR 1.4, 95% CI 1.2–1.6; P < 0.001) and 3 years onward (HR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2–1.8; P < 0.001) CRT was associated with increased mortality. The 5‐year OS was greater for RC than for CRT (38% vs 30%, P = 0.004).ConclusionsInitially after treatment for MIBC the risk of mortality is lower with CRT compared to RC. However, at ≥2 years after treatment the mortality risk favours RC. Patients who are suitable surgical candidates, with a low risk of morbidity, may be better served by RC.
Role of signalling molecules in behaviours mediated by the δ opioid receptor agonist SNC80
Authors: Dripps Isaac J , Boyer Brett T , Neubig Richard R , Rice Kenner C , Traynor John R , Jutkiewicz Emily M 
Published: December 2017

Background and PurposeGPCRs exist in multiple conformations that can engage distinct signalling mechanisms which in turn may lead to diverse behavioural outputs. In rodent models, activation of the δ opioid receptor (δ‐receptor) has been shown to elicit antihyperalgesia, antidepressant‐like effects and convulsions. We recently showed that these δ‐receptor‐mediated behaviours are differentially regulated by the GTPase‐activating protein regulator of G protein signalling 4 (RGS4), which facilitates termination of G protein signalling. To further evaluate the signalling mechanisms underlying δ‐receptor‐mediated antihyperalgesia, antidepressant‐like effects and convulsions, we observed how changes in Gαo or arrestin proteins in vivo affected behaviours elicited by the δ‐receptor agonist SNC80 in mice.Experimental ApproachTransgenic mice with altered expression of various signalling molecules were used in the current studies. Antihyperalgesia was measured in a nitroglycerin‐induced thermal hyperalgesia assay. Antidepressant‐like effects were evaluated in the forced swim test. Mice were also observed for convulsive activity following SNC80 treatment.Key ResultsIn Gαo RGS‐insensitive heterozygous knock‐in mice, the potency of SNC80 to produce antihyperalgesia and antidepressant‐like effects was enhanced with no change in SNC80‐induced convulsions. Conversely, in Gαo heterozygous knockout mice, SNC80‐induced antihyperalgesia was abolished while antidepressant‐like effects and convulsions were unaltered. No changes in SNC80‐induced behaviours were observed in arrestin 3 knockout mice. SNC80‐induced convulsions were potentiated in arrestin 2 knockout mice.Conclusions and ImplicationsTaken together, these findings suggest that different signalling molecules may underlie the convulsive effects of the δ‐receptor relative to its antihyperalgesic and antidepressant‐like effects.
Proton‐independent activation of acid‐sensing ion channel 3 by an alkaloid, lindoldhamine, from Laurus nobilis
Authors: Osmakov Dmitry I , Koshelev Sergey G , Andreev Yaroslav A , Dubinnyi Maxim A , Kublitski Vadim S , Efremov Roman G , Sobolevsky Alexander I , Kozlov Sergey A 
Published: December 2017

Background and PurposeAcid‐sensing ion channels (ASICs) play an important role in synaptic plasticity and learning, as well as in nociception and mechanosensation. ASICs are involved in pain and in neurological and psychiatric diseases, but their therapeutic potential is limited by the lack of ligands activating them at physiological pH.Experimental ApproachWe extracted, purified and determined the structure of a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid, lindoldhamine, (LIN) from laurel leaves. Its effect on ASIC3 channels were characterized, using two‐electrode voltage‐clamp electrophysiological recordings from Xenopus laevis oocytes.Key ResultsAt pH 7.4 or higher, LIN activated a sustained, proton‐independent, current through rat and human ASIC3 channels, but not rat ASIC1a or ASIC2a channels. LIN also potentiated proton‐induced transient currents and promoted recovery from desensitization in human, but not rat, ASIC3 channels.Conclusions and ImplicationsWe describe a novel ASIC subtype‐specific agonist LIN, which induced proton‐independent activation of human and rat ASIC3 channels at physiological pH. LIN also acts as a positive allosteric modulator of human, but not rat, ASIC3 channels. This unique, species‐selective, ligand of ASIC3, opens new avenues in studies of ASIC structure and function, as well as providing new approaches to drug design.
A tale of two cases of pulmonary arteriovenous malformation: How they fared after cardiac transplantation
Authors: Wisotzkey Bethany L. , Magyar Dari L. , Jones Thomas K. , Boucek Robert J. , Permut Lester C. , Kemna Mariska S. , Law Yuk M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundIn single ventricle patients, aortopulmonary collaterals (APCs) and pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) following superior cavopulmonary shunt (CPS) can complicate orthotopic heart transplant (OHT) by cyanosis and hemoptysis. Although PAVMs can regress with the restoration of hepatic venous flow to the pulmonary circulation, the effects of hypoxemia on the “unconditioned” allograft are not known.CasesTwo patients with significant PAVMs after CPS were cyanotic following OHT. One patient with predominantly unilateral left PAVMs had arterial saturation levels less than 70% despite pulmonary vasodilators and ventilation. A custom flow restrictor‐covered stent was deployed in the pulmonary artery of the affected side, redirecting the blood flow to the contralateral lung, immediately improving cyanosis. When the PAVMs regressed, the flow restrictor stent was dilated to eliminate the constriction. The second patient with PAVMs had cyanosis and severe hemoptysis from APCs post‐OHT. The APCs required an extensive coil embolization, while the cyanosis responded to oxygen and pulmonary vasodilators. Both recipients did well with gradual resolution of PAVMs within 8 months.ConclusionsDespite cyanosis from right‐to‐left intrapulmonary shunting, allograft function recovered. Novel transcatheter interventions can play a role in patients with significant APCs or PAVM following cardiac transplantation.
Electronic messaging and communication with living kidney donors
Authors: Ruck Jessica M. , Zhou Sheng , Thomas Alvin G. , Cramm Shannon L. , Massie Allan B. , Montgomery John R. , Berger Jonathan C. , Henderson Macey L. , Segev Dorry L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractNew regulations require living kidney donor (LKD) follow‐up for 2 years, but donor retention remains poor. Electronic communication (eg, text messaging and e‐mail) might improve donor retention. To explore the possible impact of electronic communication, we recruited LKDs to participate in an exploratory study of communication via telephone, e‐mail, or text messaging postdonation; communication through this study was purely optional and did not replace standard follow‐up. Of 69 LKDs recruited, 3% requested telephone call, 52% e‐mail, and 45% text messaging. Telephone response rate was 0%; these LKDs were subsequently excluded from analysis. Overall response rates with e‐mail or text messaging at 1 week, 1 month, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years were 94%, 87%, 81%, 72%, and 72%. Lower response rates were seen in African Americans, even after adjusting for age, sex, and contact method (incidence rate ratio (IRR) nonresponse 2.075.8116.36, P = .001). Text messaging had higher response rates than e‐mail (IRR nonresponse 0.110.280.71, P = .007). Rates of nonresponse were similar by sex (IRR 0.68, P = .4) and age (IRR 1.00, P > .9). In summary, LKDs strongly preferred electronic messaging over telephone and were highly responsive 2 years postdonation, even in this nonrequired, nonincentivized exploratory research study. These electronic communication tools can be automated and may improve regulatory compliance and postdonation care.
Contesting Financial Inclusion
Authors: Mader Philip 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThis contribution critically assesses financial inclusion as an intervention in the development space. It examines the turn from microfinance to financial inclusion, with the introduction of new actors and practices; new ideas and ideologies; new theories of change; and new expectations toward clients. It then considers three key issues and contests the arguments made by proponents of financial inclusion about them: first, the argument that financial inclusion facilitates broader development outcomes; second, the claim that poor people gain poverty alleviation through financial inclusion; and third, the suggestion that financial inclusion is good business. In all three areas, the author highlights shortcomings in the evidence base and argues that high expectations of financial inclusion serving as a core pro‐poor, private‐sector led development intervention lack justification. Rather, financial inclusion should be recognized as a contested and contestable enterprise.
Kant on intuitive understanding and things in themselves
Authors: Winegar Reed 
Published: December 2017

AbstractKant claims that an intuitive understanding—such as God would possess—could cognize things in themselves. This claim has prompted many interpreters of Kant's theoretical philosophy to propose that things in themselves correspond to how an intuitive understanding would cognize things. In contrast, I argue that Kant's theoretical philosophy does not endorse the common proposal that all things in themselves correspond to how an intuitive understanding would cognize things. Instead, Kant's theoretical philosophy maintains that things in themselves might or might not correspond to how an intuitive understanding would cognize things. I then consider whether Kant's moral philosophy and theory of reflecting judgment might provide alternative grounds for claiming that we should regard things in themselves as corresponding to how an intuitive understanding would cognize things. I argue that Kant's moral philosophy does not provide such grounds, but his theory of reflecting judgment does. Thus, interpretations of Kant's transcendental idealism should attend to the differences between Kant's theoretical philosophy, moral philosophy, and theory of reflecting judgment in assessing the relationship between intuitive understanding and things in themselves.
A new tool to test active ingredient using lactic acid in vitro, a help to understand cellular mechanism involved in stinging test: An example using a bacterial polysaccharide (Fucogel®)
Authors: Sakka Mehdi , Leschiera Raphael , Le Gall‐Ianotto Christelle , Gouin Olivier , L'herondelle Killian , Buscaglia Paul , Mignen Olivier , Philbé Jean‐Luc , Saguet Thibaut , Carré Jean‐Luc , Misery Laurent , Lebonvallet Nicolas 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe stinging test is an in vivo protocol that evaluates sensitive skin using lactic acid (LA). A soothing sensation of cosmetics or ingredients can be also appreciated through a decrease in stinging score. To predict the soothing sensation of a product before in vivo testing, we developed a model based on an LA test and substance P (SP) release using a co‐culture of human keratinocytes and NGF‐differentiated PC12 cells. A bacterial fucose‐rich polysaccharide present in Fucogel® was evaluated as the soothing molecule in the in vivo stinging test and our in vitro model. Excluding toxic concentrations, the release of SP was significant from 0.2% of lactic acid for the PC12 cells and from 0.1% of lactic acid for the keratinocytes. When the pH was adjusted to approximately 7.4, LA did not provoke SP release. At these concentrations of LA, 0.1% of polysaccharide showed a significant decrease in SP release from the two cellular types and in co‐cultures without modifying the pH of the medium. In vivo, a stinging test using the polysaccharide showed a 30% decrease in prickling intensity vs the placebo in 19 women between the ages of 21 and 69. Our in vitro model is ethically interesting and is adapted for cosmetic ingredients screening because it does not use animal experimentation and limits human volunteers. Moreover, Fucogel® reduced prickling sensation as revealed by the in vivo stinging test and inhibits the neurogenic inflammation as showed by our new in vitro stinging test based on SP release.
Rapid evaluation of notch stress intensity factors using the peak stress method: Comparison of commercial finite element codes for a range of mesh patterns
Authors: Meneghetti G. , Campagnolo A. , Avalle M. , Castagnetti D. , Colussi M. , Corigliano P. , De Agostinis M. , Dragoni E. , Fontanari V. , Frendo F. , Goglio L. , Marannano G. , Marulo G. , Moroni F. , Pantano A. , Rebora A. , Scattina A. , Spaggiari A. , Zuccarello B. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe peak stress method (PSM) is an engineering, finite element (FE)‐oriented method to rapidly estimate the notch stress intensity factors by using the singular linear elastic peak stresses calculated from coarse FE analyses. The average element size adopted to generate the mesh pattern can be chosen arbitrarily within a given range.Originally, the PSM has been calibrated under pure mode I and pure mode II loadings by means of Ansys FE software. In the present contribution, a round robin between 10 Italian universities has been carried out to calibrate the PSM with 7 different commercial FE codes. To this aim, several two‐dimensional mode I and mode II problems have been analysed independently by the participants. The obtained results have been used to calibrate the PSM for given stress analysis conditions in (i) FE software, (ii) element type and element formulation, (iii) mesh pattern, and (iv) criteria for stress extrapolation and principal stress analysis at FE nodes.