bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Aging Regimens on Resin Nanoceramic Chairside CAD/CAM Material
Authors: Al‐Harbi Fahad A. , Ayad Neveen M. , ArRejaie Aws S. , Bahgat Hala A. , Baba Nadim Z. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the effect of cyclic mechanical loading, thermal cycling, and storage in water on a resin nanoceramic chairside computer‐aided designed/computer‐aided manufactured (CAD/CAM) material compared to a control leucite‐reinforced glass‐ceramic material.Materials and MethodsOne hundred twenty specimens (18 × 4 × 3 mm) were milled from two chairside CAD/CAM materials’ blocks (Lava Ultimate: LU; Vitablock Mark II: VM). Each group included four subgroups (A: n = 20 control; B: n = 20 cyclic loading [105 cycles, 80 N]; C: n = 20 thermal cycling [5 to 55°C]; D: n = 60 water storage [20: 3 months; 20: 6 months; 20: 9 months at 37°C]). Each subgroup included 10 specimens tested for flexure strength using three‐point bending in a universal testing machine. The other 10 specimens were tested for surface roughness using an automated profiler followed by testing for surface hardness using a microhardness tester.ResultsLU displayed higher flexure strength than VM before and after all the aging conditions. The surface roughness for VM was lower than LU for the control, but both materials showed comparable values and significant increases after 9 months storage in water. After cyclic loading, only VM displayed a significant increase in the surface roughness value (p < 0.05). The surface hardness of VM was higher than LU for the control. VM did not show significant changes in hardness after any aging condition. LU showed significant reduction in surface hardness value only after storage in water (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe resin nanoceramic Lava Ultimate can be used as a durable substitute for glass‐ceramic chairside CAD/CAM material.
Effect of urea supplementation on performance and safety in diets of Dorper crossbred sheep
Authors: Wang B. , Ma T. , Deng K.‐D. , Jiang C.‐G. , Diao Q.‐Y. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThis study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dietary urea in sheep rations having a 50:50 concentrate:roughage ratio. Sixty‐four Dorper × thin‐tailed Han crossbred ram lambs with an average body weight of 30.8 (±0.02) kg were randomly divided into four groups of 16 sheep each, and each group was fed one of the following diets: a basal diet (CON), or CON supplemented with 0.5% (0.5UTM), 1.5% (1.5UTM) or 2.5% (2.5UTM) urea. Growth performance, carcass characteristics, non‐carcass offals, meat quality and peptic tissue lesions were assayed. The average daily weight gains for CON, 0.5UTM, 1.5UTM and 2.5UTM were 216, 218, 200 and 170 g, respectively, with the CON and 0.5UTM groups higher than 2.5UTM group (p < 0.05). Sheep from the 2.5UTM treatment had a significantly lower dry matter intake (1.29 kg/day) than those from the CON and 0.5UTM treatments (1.42 and 1.43 kg/day, p < 0.05), and the feed conversion ratio in the 2.5UTM group was the highest (p < 0.05). Carcass characteristics, including shrunk body weight, empty body weight, hot carcass weight, dress percentage, and the absolute or relative weight (% body weight) of heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney, were not altered by the treatments (p > 0.05). The muscular pH of 2.5UTM was higher than that of CON (5.68 vs. 5.52, p < 0.05), and shear force in 0.5UTM was lower compared with CON and 2.5UTM (p < 0.05). The anatomical structure lesions in kidneys became more serious with the increasing dietary urea concentrations, with the 2.5UTM animals showing the most severe lesions compared with CON animals. Therefore, supplementary urea as a non‐protein nitrogen source for sheep should not exceed 1.5% of ration having a 50:50 concentrate:roughage ratio to ensure efficacy and safety.
Effect of dietary supplementation with clay‐based binders on biochemical and histopathological changes in organs of turkey fed with aflatoxin‐contaminated diets
Authors: Lala A. O. , Ajayi O. L. , Oso A. O. , Ajao M. O. , Oni O. O. , Okwelum N. , Idowu O. M. O. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThis study was carried out to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with molecular or nano‐clay binders on biochemical and histopathological examination of organs of turkeys fed diets contaminated with aflatoxin B1. Two hundred and sixteen unsexed 1‐day‐old British United Turkeys were randomly allotted to nine diets in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement of diets supplemented with no toxin binder, molecular toxin binder (MTB) and nano‐clay toxin binder, each contaminated with 0, 60 and 110 ppb aflatoxin B1 respectively. There were three replicates per treatment with eight turkeys per replicate. Biochemical analyses, organ weights and histopathological changes of some organs were examined at the end of the study which lasted for 84 days. Turkeys fed diets supplemented with molecular and nano‐binders showed higher (p < 0.001) total serum protein, reduced (p < 0.001) serum uric acid and GGT concentration values when compared with those fed aflatoxin‐contaminated diets supplemented with no binder. Turkeys fed aflatoxin‐contaminated diets supplemented with no binder had increased (p < 0.001) AST and ALT concentration when compared with other treatments. The heaviest (p < 0.001) liver and intestinal weight was noticed with turkeys fed diets supplemented with no binder and contaminated with 110 ppb aflatoxin B1. Pathologically, there was no visible morphological alteration noticed in all turkeys fed uncontaminated diets and nano‐clay‐supplemented group. Hepatic paleness, hepatomegaly and yellowish discolouration of the liver were observed with turkeys fed diets containing no binder but contaminated with 60 and 110 ppb aflatoxin B1. Intestinal histopathological changes such as goblet cell hyperplasia, villous atrophy and diffuse lymphocytic enteritis were more prominent in turkeys fed diets containing no toxin binder and MTB. In conclusion, there were improved biochemical parameters and reduced deleterious effects of aflatoxin B1 in turkeys fed diet supplemented with clay binders. However, the improvement was more conspicuous in the nano‐clay‐supplemented group than molecular clay group.
Hippocampus volume and subjective sleepiness in older people with sleep‐disordered breathing: a preliminary report
Authors: Sforza Emilia , Celle Sébastien , Saint‐Martin Magali , Barthélémy Jean C. , Roche Frédéric 
Published: December 2015

SummarySleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) is associated with excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and explained by sleep fragmentation and hypoxaemia, both contributing to brain morphology abnormalities. Recent data on middle‐aged SDB patients suggest a link between hippocampus volume (HV) and EDS. We tested this hypothesis in a group of SDB older subjects. A total of 232 healthy participants aged 75 ± 0.9 years were examined. Subjective EDS was assessed by the Epworth Sleep Questionnaire (ESS), with a mean score of 5.6 ± 3.5. Volumetric segmentation of the right (RHV) and left HV (LHV) were measured using FreeSurfer software. All subjects underwent extensive cognitive testing to exclude neurological disease, as well as ambulatory polygraphy to assess SDB status. Sleepy subjects showed a lower HV. In a correlation analysis, RHV (r = −0.162, P = 0.01) and LHV (r = −170, P = 0.05) were correlated negatively with ESS and not associated with respiratory data. Multiple regression analysis did not reveal any effect of age, gender, SDB severity and hypoxia. ESS was the only factor possibly explaining the lower RHV (P = −0.03) and LHV (P = −0.04). In older people with SDB, the subjective EDS was associated with lower HV. This morphological finding should be considered on the pathogenesis of sleepiness in SDB patients. Clinical trial registration: NCT 00759304 and NCT 00766584.
Long‐lasting Effect Against White Spot Syndrome Virus in Shrimp Broodstock, Litopenaeus vannamei, by LvRab7 Silencing
Authors: Alvarez‐Ruiz Píndaro , Luna‐González Antonio , Escamilla‐Montes Ruth , Mejía‐Ruiz Claudio H. , Magallón‐Barajas Francisco J. , Llera‐Herrera Raúl , Galván‐Alvarez Diego A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) remains the most devastating viral pathogen of shrimp culture worldwide. Gene silencing by RNA interference (RNAi) using double stranded RNA (dsRNA) has been considered a powerful tool for conferring protection against WSSV when viral genes are silenced, as documented in several shrimp species. However, this effect is not long lasting. Our results provide the first evidence that long‐term silencing of the LvRab7 endogen produced antiviral effect against WSSV, which endured at least 21 d after dsRNA treatment (dat). Until now, the most efficient way to implement RNAi with dsRNA into the shrimp is by injection. Consequently, its application to broodstock in hatcheries is possible, minimizing the risk of vertical transmission of the virus. We show that the expression of Rab7 in hemocytes is lowest at 2 dat and finally recovers to basal status. In contrast, in gills and pleopods, gene expression silencing continued for at least 21 d. We challenged Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock with WSSV at 7, 14, or 21 dat reaching mortality rates of 0, 40, and 27%, respectively. In conclusion, the LvRab7 gene silencing is progressive and effective against WSSV. However, further studies are necessary to elucidate the functions of Rab7 in shrimp cells before applying this methodology at a commercial level.
Biomarker‐based diagnostic work‐up of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in immunocompromised paediatric patients – is Aspergillus PCR appropriate?
Authors: Buchheidt Dieter , Reinwald Mark , Spiess Birgit , Boch Tobias , Hofmann Wolf‐Karsten , Groll Andreas H. , Lehrnbecher Thomas ,   the Working Group “Infections in Hematology and Oncology”, German Paul‐Ehrlich‐Society
Published: December 2015

SummaryInvasive aspergillosis (IA) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children and adults with haematologic malignancies or undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and early diagnosis and adequate antifungal treatment improve outcome. However, important differences exist between children and adults regarding epidemiology, underlying disease, and comorbidities, and the value of diagnostic tools to detect IA may also differ between these patient populations. Imaging studies are important to detect IA early, but typical findings of IA in chest computed tomography of adults are not detected in the majority of children. Whereas the value of the serum marker galactomannan seems to be comparable in children and adults, data on the performance of beta‐d‐glucan in children are too limited for firm conclusions. PCR‐based assays are a promising diagnostic approach to rapidly and reliably detect and identify Aspergillus species in various clinical samples. However, as the majority of data on PCR‐based approaches has been obtained in adult patients, the value of this method in paediatric patients has not been defined to date. The present review focuses on studies of PCR‐based methods to diagnose IA in immunocompromised paediatric patients.
Taiwanese nurses’ experiences of difficulties in providing patient education in hospital settings
Authors: Che Hui‐Lian , Yeh Mei‐Yu , Jiang Ru‐Shang , Wu Shu‐Mei 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTaiwanese nurses face increasingly demanding working conditions along with a distinctive culture where family members participate in medical decisionmaking. This research explores Taiwanese nurses' perceptions of patient education, with a focus on the difficulties. Data were collected by in‐depth focus group discussions with nursing staff (n=53) from the medical and surgical wards of two teaching hospitals. Transcripts were analyzed and revealed six themes: source of fulfillment and pressure; excessive workload; alternating between patients; not knowing who to teach; difficulty in communication; and disrupted confidence and work rhythm. Research findings could help managers understand the difficulties faced by nurses in providing health education. Nurses should broaden the scope of patient education activities to include family members. Additionally, nurses should discuss patients’ desires and expectations from family members in medical treatment and decisionmaking.
Resilience of family farming 1984–2014: Case studies from two sheep/beef hill country districts of New Zealand
Authors: Pomeroy Ann 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn this analysis, the resilience of family farmers is investigated in two hill country districts of New Zealand (Central Hawkes Bay and Waitomo District) by following the experiences of a sample of 119 sheep/beef producers through two snapshots of their circumstances taken three decades apart. The famers and their spouses were first interviewed in 1984 prior to the removal of state subsidies and other assistance. In 2012–2013, 94 of the farmers (or their successors) were interviewed again. During the period under investigation, they had coped with economic shocks, natural disasters (particularly major droughts) and for some, personal tragedies. The focus of the study is on the economic viability of the family farms in the face of a range of hazardous and adverse events, and how their owners (and families) are adapting and responding to global and local economic and social changes, and the natural disasters which are a normal backdrop to farming.
The Recipients' Parity Does Not Influence Their Reproductive Performance Following Non‐Surgical Deep Uterine Porcine Embryo Transfer
Authors: Martinez EA , Nohalez A , Martinez CA , Parrilla I , Vila J , Colina I , Diaz M , Reixach J , Vazquez JL , Roca J , Cuello C , Gil MA 
Published: December 2015

ContentsWith the development of the non‐surgical deep uterine (NsDU) embryo transfer (ET) technology, the commercial applicability of ET in pigs is now possible. There are, nevertheless, many factors that influence NsDU‐ET effectiveness that need to be addressed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the weaned recipients' parity on fertility and prolificacy following NsDU‐ET. The recipients (n = 120) were selected based on their reproductive history and body condition and grouped into three categories according to their parity: primiparous sows, sows of parity 2 and sows of parities from 3 to 5. Thirty fresh embryos (morulae and unhatched blastocysts) were non‐surgically transferred into one uterine horn of each recipient. It was possible to insert the NsDU‐ET catheter through the cervix along a uterine horn in 98.3% of the recipients. The parity had no influence on the difficulty grade of the insertions or on the percentage of correct insertions. The cervix and uterine wall were not perforated during the insertions, and vaginal discharge was not observed after transfer in any of the recipients. There were no differences in the pregnancy rates (74.8%), farrowing rates (71.2%) or litter sizes (9.6 ± 3.3) between groups. Also, there were no differences between groups regarding to the piglets' birthweights or piglet production efficiency. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that weaned sows from parity 1 to 5 are appropriate to be used as recipients in NsDU‐ET programs, which increase the possibilities for the utilization of ET in the recipient farms.
What Kind of War? “Mommy Wars” Discourse in U.S. and Canadian News, 1989–2013
Authors: Milkie Melissa A. , Pepin Joanna R. , Denny Kathleen E. 
Published: December 2015

The “Mommy Wars” is a cultural frame asserting the existence of a battle between employed mothers and homemakers. We perform critical discourse analysis of U.S. and Canadian news articles using this term from 1989 through 2013 (N = 402). Building upon the concept of symbolic annihilation, we highlight how the frame distorts and trivializes mothers' experiences. First, ironically, although some authors describe the Mommy Wars as not real, usage grows rapidly over time. Moreover, the meaning expands to include “alternative wars” on a multitude of childrearing differences and on disputes outside of mothering altogether (e.g., type of water used); this serves to equate trivialities like tap versus filtered water with work‐family conditions, effectively rendering them equally inconsequential battles among “mommies.” Finally, the frame trivializes social problems through a focus on (middle‐class) mothers' individual choices as a solution to Mommy Wars. Privileging maternal “choice” with only passing mentions of fathers and the state absolves these groups of responsibilities for the next generation. The use of Mommy Wars rhetoric acts as a divisive, symbolic wedge, ultimately perpetuating a war against mothers.
Wildlife Management Conflicts in Rural Communities: A Case‐Study of Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) Management in Ērgļu Novads, Latvia
Authors: Storie Joanna T. , Bell Simon 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWildlife conflicts are often characterised by conflicts between groups due to an incompatible understanding of the management of the resource. Latvia has experienced an increase in wild boar numbers and associated damage due to improved habitat, caused by land abandonment and actions taken by hunting organisations to maintain boar populations. In Ērgļu Novads, an administrative district of Latvia where the damage is particularly intense, wild boar management is a contentious and emotive issue among different groups within the community. This study sought to investigate the ecological, economic and social dynamics of the conflict using qualitative interviews with members of different interest groups, conducted according to a conceptual framework developed by White et al. (2009) to analyse biodiversity management conflicts. Results showed high wild boar numbers, poorly written contracts between landowners and hunters and a lack of trust between various stakeholder groups, such as landowners, hunters and the authorities, causing conflicts, as well as a lack of effective dialogue preventing the elaboration of solutions. The study identified the need for all stakeholders, including the authorities, to listen more seriously to those most affected by the damage.
THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT PH AND SALINITIES ON GROWTH RATE AND CARRAGEENAN YIELD OF GRACILARIA MANILAENSIS
Authors: Mohamad Hidayat Nor Salamah , Mohammad-Noor Normawaty , Susanti Deny , Saad Shahbudin , Mukai Yukinori 
Published: December 2015

The high demand of seaweed for their polysaccharide namely carrageenan leads to the commercial production of carrageenophytes through mariculture. Based on literatures it is well documented that growth rate and carrageenan yield depend on environmental factors such as salinity, pH, temperatures, light intensity and water movement. In this study, growth rate and carrageenan yield of Gracilaria manilaensis, a red seaweed, was determined at different pH and salinities. G. manilaensis was cultured under laboratory conditions in a 500 mL flask at different salinities (15 psu, 20 psu and 25 psu ) and pH (7.6, 7.8, and 8.0) for 21 days. At the end of experiment, the growth rate was determined followed by carrageenan analysis. From the analysis, growth rate was highest at salinity of 15 psu and pH 7.6 with 1.3 ± 0.2 % day-1.For carrageenan analysis, the seaweed was air dried for about a week until it reached a constant weight. Farmed G. manilaensis was used as control and carrageenan yield was determined from farmed G. manilaensis. It gives yield of 50.2 ± 10.9 %. For carrageenan yield analysis, the highest value was demonstrated at salinity of 25 psu and pH 8.0 with 91.7± 14.4 %. Result shows that carrageenan yields from G. manilaensis under laboratory conditions are higher compared to farmed Gracillaria. This indicates that the quality of G. manilaensis in term of carrageenan content can be optimized under certain growth conditions. This is important as this species has the potential to be commercialized for pharmaceutical and food industries.
DETECTION OF VIRULENCE GENES IN Vibrio alginolyticus ISOLATED FROM Green Mussel, Perna viridis.
Authors: Nor Najwa M. , Muhd Danish Daniel A. , K. A. Mat Amin, , Effendy A. W. M. 
Published: December 2015

Vibrio sp. is known as pathogenic microorganism affecting aquatic species. They are commonly isolated from wild fish, mollusc and bivalves. V. alginolyticus carries several virulence genes such as ompK, toxR and collagenase that can cause severe infection to the fishes, crustaceans and bivalve mollusks. Therefore, this study was carried out to detect the presence of virulence genes from V. alginolyticus isolated from mantle, adductor muscle, gill, hemolymph, gastrointestinal tract of infected green mussels; including from the water and rope of the cultivation areas. Further identification of the isolates was carried out using conventional method and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The detection of virulence genes, namely ompK, toxR and collagenase were carried out using gene-targeted PCR method. A total of 21 isolates were confirmed as V. alginolyticus. Results showed that 67% of the isolates carry ompK, toxR and collagenase genes, while 19% carry both ompK and toxR genes. Only 5% from the total isolates carried the ompK and collagenase genes while 10% of the isolates carried ompK gene only. Overall, the results indicated that most of V. alginolyticus isolates are pathogenic bacteria as they carried the virulence factor.
RANDOM AMPLIFICATION POLYMORPHIC DNA-PCR (RAPD) ANALYSIS OF Vibrio alginolyticus STRAINS ISOLATED FROM GREEN MUSSELS (Perna viridis) IN MARUDU BAY, SABAH
Authors: Munirah M. , Danish-Daniel Muhd , Vairappan C. S. , Effendy A. W. M. 
Published: December 2015

Vibrio alginolyticus infection is common in aquatic species. The species has been isolated from infected green mussels (Perna viridis) cultivated at Marudu Bay, Sabah. The infection of V. alginolyticus was prevalent since 2009 and caused more than 60% mortality of the mollusc. This study was conducted on V. alginolyticus isolated from clinically infected P. viridis at cultivation area in Marudu Bay from 2013. Twenty isolates were randomly selected and subjected to RAPD-PCR analysis using 20 sets of RAPD primers. Results showed that the most suitable primers were OPA 3, OPA 5, OPA 9, OPA 10 and OPA 12 where the significant bands ranging from 100-2500 bp. Genetic variability among the isolates as revealed by these primers indicated that RAPD-PCR method has good discriminative ability and can be used as a rapid typing method of differentiating V. alginolyticus strains isolated from infected green mussels for epidemiological investigation.
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF 3-CHLOROPROPIONIC ACID DEGRADING BACTERIUM FROM MARINE SPONGE
Authors: Mohd Sufian Nurul Hanani , Naim Mohd Azrul , Tengku Abdul Hamid Tengku Haziyamin , Huyop Fahrul , Abdul Hamid Azzmer Azzar 
Published: December 2015

Synthetic haloalkanoic acids often applied as active components in herbicides are toxic to the environment and harmful to the living organisms. These compounds are widely released to the environment due to their routine use by agricultural activities. In recent years, accumulation of haloalkanoic acids was emerged in marine environment. In this study, a 3CP-degrading bacterium which designated as strain H4 was successfully isolated from marine sponge Gelliodes sp. that capable of degrading 3CP as the sole carbon and energy source. The bacteria growth on solid minimal media containing 3CP was the evident for the presence of dehalogenase enzyme. In liquid medium, the doubling time of the cells for strain H4 was 56.82 ± 0.1 h while the maximum chloride ion release was 2.03 ± 0.01 mM. The 16S rDNA sequence of strain H4 was obtained via 16s rRNA gene analysis (1000 bp) and it was closely related to Bacillus aryabhattai B8W22 (99% similarity). To the best of knowledge, this report is the first report detailing haloalkanoic acid degrading bacteria from marine sponge in coastal area of Malaysia.