bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying Key Features in the Origin and Early Diversification of Angiosperms
Authors: Rudall Paula J. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Understanding the origin and early diversification of the flowering plants (angiosperms) represent primary goals in biology. However, despite extensive knowledge of angiosperm biology and biodiversity, much remains to be determined about their evolutionary origin, partly because many of their characteristic (some supposedly diagnostic) features probably evolved iteratively among seed plants. This chapter focuses on the early evolutionary history of the “key” angiosperm reproductive structures: carpels, flowers, and inflorescences. It discusses some of the major morphogenetic markers that circumscribe deep nodes within the angiosperms, notably the base of the eudicot clade. Despite recent advances in comparative genomics and developmental genetics of an increasing range of model organisms, satisfactory resolution of longstanding and fundamental questions regarding angiosperm origins remain hampered by the problematic phylogenetic framework for seed plants, which is notable for strongly contrasting hypotheses based on molecular versus morphological data. Ongoing integrated comparative studies can potentially clarify floral evolution within angiosperms.
Nucleoskeleton in Plants: The Functional Organization of Filaments in the Nucleus
Authors: Goldberg Martin W. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe eukaryotic cytoplasm is a complex, organized and highly dynamic environment, whose dynamic organization is dependent on a network of filaments and associated proteins. These networks are established, accepted and well studied. The nucleus is no less complex, organized or dynamic, but the existence of an equivalent nuclear network in is not universally accepted and has proved difficult to study. Theoretically there seems an almost overwhelming requirement for a nucleoskeleton, which is needed to provide a structural framework to organize the genome, as well as other subnuclear components, into functionally distinct regions. Such organization must be, and is, highly dynamic so that it can change during development and in response to changing requirements of the cell. Unfortunately, filamentous structures in the nucleus are difficult to detect amongst all the other fibrous material (the chromatin), which has to be removed in order to visualize the putative nucleoskeleton. Therefore, although such structures can be prepared from both plants and animals, theirin vivorelevance has remained contentious. Nucleoskeletal filaments have the appearance of intermediate filaments and in fact animal cells have a clearly defined intermediate filament network at the nuclear periphery: the nuclear lamina. Plant cells, however, have no proteins that are clear equivalents of the lamins, or indeed any other intermediate filament protein. In this review we discuss the evidence for nuclear intermediate filament‐like proteins and other potential nucleoskeleton components in plants and discuss their possible roles in plant nuclear organization.
Is the Road Still Bumpy Without the Most Frequent Life Events?
Authors: Ece Berivan , Gülgöz Sami 
Published: May 2017

SummaryTwo studies were conducted to explore the effect of the most frequent life events on the reminiscence bump. The first study examined the life scripts and autobiographical memories of 44 adults [Mage = 62.8, standard deviation (SD) = 2.8] by removing the most frequent 10 life events. The regular reminiscence bump disappeared in the distribution of both event types. The second study explored whether results of the first study would be extended to autobiographical memories evoked by different methods. Cue word and important memories reported by 64 adults (Mage = 66.6, SD = 2.8) were examined. Important memories had later bump than cue word memories, but removing the top 10 life events affected the bumps of both memory types with a stronger impact on important memories. Different retrieval strategies activated by these two methods may lead to different temporal peaks, which further influence the sensitivity of distributions to the most frequent life event categories.Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implementation of multidisciplinary care reduces maternal mortality in women with sickle cell disease living in low‐resource setting
Authors: Asare Eugenia Vicky , Olayemi Edeghonghon , Boafor Theodore , Dei‐Adomakoh Yvonne , Mensah Enoch , Ghansah Harriet , Osei‐Bonsu Yvonne , Crabbe Selina , Musah Latif , Hayfron‐Benjamin Charles , Covert Brittany , Kassim Adetola A. , James Andra , Rodeghier Mark , DeBaun Michael R. , Oppong Samuel A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcome. In women with SCD living in low‐resource settings, pregnancy is associated with significantly increased maternal and perinatal mortality rates. We tested the hypothesis that implementing a multidisciplinary obstetric and hematology care team in a low‐resource setting would significantly reduce maternal and perinatal mortality rates. We conducted a before‐and‐after study, at the Korle‐Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra, Ghana, to evaluate the effect of a multidisciplinary obstetric‐hematology care team for women with SCD in a combined SCD‐Obstetric Clinic. The pre‐intervention period was assessed through a retrospective chart review to identify every death and the post‐intervention period was assessed prospectively. Interventions consisted of joint obstetrician and hematologist outpatient and acute inpatient reviews, close maternal and fetal surveillance, and simple protocols for management of acute chest syndrome and acute pain episodes. Primary outcomes included maternal and perinatal mortality rates before and after the study period. A total of 158 and 90 pregnant women with SCD were evaluated in the pre‐ and post‐ intervention periods, respectively. The maternal mortality rate decreased from 10 791 per 100 000 live births at pre‐intervention to 1176 per 100 000 at post‐intervention, representing a risk reduction of 89.1% (P = 0.007). Perinatal mortality decreased from 60.8 per 1000 total births at pre‐intervention to 23.0 per 1000 at post‐intervention, representing a risk reduction of 62.2% (P = 0.20). A multidisciplinary obstetric and hematology team approach can dramatically reduce maternal and perinatal mortality in a low‐resource setting.
Acute joint pain in the emerging green collar workforce: Evidence from the linked National Health Interview Survey and Occupational Information Network (O*NET)
Authors: Huntley Samuel R. , Lee David J. , LeBlanc William G. , Arheart Kristopher L. , McClure Laura A. , Fleming Lora E. , Caban‐Martinez Alberto J. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundGreen jobs are a rapidly emerging category of very heterogeneous occupations that typically involve engagement with new technologies and changing job demands predisposing them to physical stressors that may contribute to the development of joint pain.MethodsWe estimated and compared the prevalence of self‐reported acute (past 30 days) joint pain between green and non‐green collar workers using pooled 2004‐2012 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data linked to the Occupational Information Network Database (O*NET).ResultsGreen collar workers have a higher prevalence of acute joint pain as compared to non‐green collar workers. Green collar workers with pain in the upper extremity joints were significantly greater than in the non‐green collar workforce, for example, right shoulder [23.2% vs 21.1%], right elbow [13.7% vs 12.0%], left shoulder [20.1% vs 18.2%], and left elbow [12.0% vs 10.7%].ConclusionsAcute joint pain reported by the emerging green collar workforce can assist in identifying at risk worker subgroups for musculoskeletal pain interventions.
An update systematic review of fetal death, congenital anomalies, and fertility disorders among health care workers
Authors: Warembourg Charline , Cordier Sylvaine , Garlantézec Ronan 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundHealth care workers (HCWs) are occupationally exposed to various hazards, some associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in previous reviews. This systematic review aims at synthesizing the recent literature on occupational exposures among HCWs related to fetal death, congenital anomalies, and fertility disorders.MethodsWe searched the Medline database from 2000 to 2015 for articles about all potential occupational exposures of women and men working in this sector.ResultsWe retained 32 studies, most of them (n = 30) among women HCWs. Studies based on job title reported excess risks of some congenital anomalies (especially nervous and musculoskeletal systems) among HCWs compared to non‐HCWs but no evidence about fetal death. Excess risks associated with specific exposures includes reports of some congenital anomalies for women exposed to anesthetic gases. Exposure to some sterilizing agents and, with less evidence, to antineoplastic drugs and to ionizing radiation, is associated with increased risks of miscarriage but not stillbirth. Strenuous work schedules appear to be associated with fertility disorders, but the evidence is limited. Only a few studies have been published since 2000 about non‐ionizing radiation, or about fertility disorders related to chemical or physical agents, or about male HCWs.ConclusionsDespite the establishment of recommendations to limit exposures of HCWs, some excess risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes are still reported and need to be explained.
Direct Amination of α‐Hydroxy Amides
Authors: Chandgude Ajay L. , Dömling Alexander 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA TiCl4‐mediated reaction for the direct amination of α‐hydroxy amides has been developed. This simple, general, additive/base/ligand‐free reaction is mediated by economical TiCl4. The reaction runs under mild conditions. This highly efficient C−N bond formation protocol is valid for diverse amines, including primary, secondary and heterocyclic amines, and even a primary amide and indole.
Maßgeschneiderte Ahp‐Cyclodepsipeptide als potente, nicht‐kovalente Serinprotease‐Inhibitoren
Authors: Köcher Steffen , Rey Juliana , Bongard Jens , Tiaden André N. , Meltzer Michael , Richards Peter J. , Ehrmann Michael , Kaiser Markus 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDie S1‐Serinproteasen sind eine der größten und biologisch relevantesten Proteasefamilien. Trotz ihrer biomedizinischen Bedeutung gibt es bisher jedoch nur eine geringe Zahl generischer Ansätze zur Herstellung potenter, bioaktiver, S1‐Enzymfamilien‐spezifischer und nicht‐kovalenter Inhibitoren. Hier wird gezeigt, dass Ahp‐Cyclodepsipeptide geeignete Grundstrukturen zur Bildung maßgeschneiderter Serinprotease‐Inhibitoren sind. Um diese möglichst effizient herzustellen, wurde eine praktikable Fest‐ und Flüssigphasensynthese entwickelt und mit der ersten Synthese zweier Naturstoffe, Tasipeptin A und B, validiert. Die Eignung der Ahp‐Cyclodepsipeptide als Gerüststrukturen zur Herstellung maßgeschneiderter Serinprotease‐Inhibitoren wird an der Entwicklung der bisher potentesten Inhibitoren für die humanen HTRA‐Proteasen demonstriert. Dieser Ansatz sollte auch auf weitere Serinproteasen anwendbar sein, wodurch sich neue Möglichkeiten zur systematischen Auffindung von Serinprotease‐Inhibitoren ergeben.
Specific Identification of Glycoproteins Bearing the Tn Antigen in Human Cells
Authors: Zheng Jiangnan , Xiao Haopeng , Wu Ronghu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractGlycoproteins contain a wealth of valuable information regarding the development and disease status of cells. In cancer cells, some glycans (such as the Tn antigen) are highly up‐regulated, but this remains largely unknown for glycoproteins with a particular glycan. Herein, an innovative method combining enzymatic and chemical reactions was first designed to enrich glycoproteins with the Tn antigen. Using synthetic glycopeptides with O‐GalNAc (the Tn antigen) or O‐GlcNAc, we demonstrated that the method is selective for glycopeptides with O‐GalNAc and can distinguish between these two modifications. The diagnostic ions from the tagged O‐GalNAc further confirmed the effectiveness of the method and confidence in the identification of glycopeptides with the Tn antigen by mass spectrometry. Using this method, we identified 96 glycoproteins with the Tn antigen in Jurkat cells. The method can be extensively applied in biological and biomedical research.
Cyclic Polysiloxanes with Linked Cyclotetrasiloxane Subunits
Authors: Yu Jianyi , Liu Yuzhou 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCyclic polymers are an important class of macromolecules, but the structural diversity of the backbone is limited. Herein we report the use of the Piers–Rubinsztajn reaction for the one‐step synthesis of cyclic polysiloxanes with novel structural features. Specifically, the B(C6F5)3‐catalyzed coupling of various organic tris(dimethylsiloxy)silane and trialkoxysilane compounds generated a series of cyclic polysiloxanes with cyclotetrasiloxane subunits. The thiolated cyclic polymers were also shown to be effective in directing the circular assembly gold nanoparticles. The presence of constrained rings in the backbone is unprecedented and may offer opportunities for novel applications of these cyclic polymers.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Regioselective Domino Azlactone–Alkyne Coupling/Aza‐Cope Rearrangement: Facile Access to 2‐Allyl‐3‐oxazolin‐5‐ones and Trisubstituted Pyridines
Authors: Kuang Jinqiang , Parveen Shaista , Breit Bernhard 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRhodium‐catalyzed regioselective addition of azlactones to internal alkynes combined with aza‐Cope rearrangement provides efficient atom economic access to 2‐allyl‐3‐oxazolin‐5‐one derivatives. Extension to a triple domino process, in which the above process is combined with in situ azlactone formation starting from amino acids renders this process even more attractive. Subsequent thermolysis of the 2‐allyl‐3‐oxazolines enabled the de novo synthesis of trisubstituted pyridines.
Tailored Ahp‐cyclodepsipeptides as Potent Non‐covalent Serine Protease Inhibitors
Authors: Köcher Steffen , Rey Juliana , Bongard Jens , Tiaden André N. , Meltzer Michael , Richards Peter J. , Ehrmann Michael , Kaiser Markus 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe S1 serine protease family is one of the largest and most biologically important protease families. Despite their biomedical significance, generic approaches to generate potent, class‐specific, bioactive non‐covalent inhibitors for these enzymes are still limited. In this work, we demonstrate that Ahp‐cyclodepsipeptides represent a suitable scaffold for generating target‐tailored inhibitors of serine proteases. For efficient synthetic access, we developed a practical mixed solid‐ and solution‐phase synthesis that we validated through performing the first chemical synthesis of the two natural products Tasipeptin A and B. The suitability of the Ahp‐cyclodepsipeptide scaffold for tailored inhibitor synthesis is showcased by the generation of the most potent human HTRA protease inhibitors to date. We anticipate that our approach may also be applied to other serine proteases, thus opening new avenues for a systematic discovery of serine protease inhibitors.
Rearrangement of a P4 Butterfly Complex—The Formation of a Homoleptic Phosphorus–Iron Sandwich Complex
Authors: Müller Julian , Heinl Sebastian , Schwarzmaier Christoph , Balázs Gábor , Keilwerth Martin , Meyer Karsten , Scheer Manfred 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe versatile coordination behavior of the P4 butterfly complex [{Cp′′′Fe(CO)2}2(μ,η1:1‐P4)] (1, Cp′′′=η5‐C5H2tBu3) towards different iron(II) compounds is presented. The reaction of 1 with [FeBr2⋅dme] (dme=dimethoxyethane) leads to the chelate complex [{Cp′′′Fe(CO)2}2(μ3,η1:1:2‐P4){FeBr2}] (2), whereas, in the reaction with [Fe(CH3CN)6][PF6]2, an unprecedented rearrangement of the P4 butterfly structural motif leads to the cyclo‐P4 moiety in {(Cp′′′Fe(CO)2)2(μ3,η1:1:4‐P4)}2Fe][PF6]2 (3). Complex 3 represents the first fully characterized “carbon‐free” sandwich complex containing cyclo‐P4R2 ligands in a homoleptic‐like iron–phosphorus‐containing molecule. Alternatively, 2 can be transformed into 3 by halogen abstraction and subsequent coordination of 1. The additional isolated side products, [{Cp′′′Fe(CO)2}2(μ3,η1:1:2‐P4){Cp′′′Fe(CO)}][PF6] (4) and [{Cp′′′Fe(CO)2}2(μ3,η1:1:4‐P4){Cp′′′Fe}][PF6] (5), give insight into the stepwise activation of the P4 butterfly moiety in 1.
Catalyst‐Controlled Regiodivergent Alkyne Insertion in the Context of C−H Activation and Diels–Alder Reactions: Synthesis of Fused and Bridged Cycles
Authors: Zhou Xukai , Pan Yupeng , Li Xingwei 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRhodium(III)‐ and cobalt(III)‐catalyzed C−H activation of indoles and coupling with 1,6‐enynes is discussed. Under rhodium(III) catalysis, the alkyne insertion follows 2,1‐regioselectivity with a subsequent type‐I intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction (IMDA) to afford [6,5]‐fused cycles. When catalyzed by the cobalt(III) congener, 1,2‐insertion of the alkyne is preferred, and followed by a rare type‐II IMDA, thus leading to bridged [3,3,1]‐cycles. This selectivity of the alkyne insertion was mainly tuned by the steric sensitivity of the catalyst.
Development and validation of a graphical sorption model: application to sorption of organic liquids into low density polyethylene polymeric membrane
Authors: Khansary Milad Asgarpour , Marjani Azam , Shirazian Saeed 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this work, a model has been developed for the sorption process of pure liquids and liquid mixtures into polymeric membrane. The model is presented in terms of Gauss hypergeometric function and can be simply applied for system of interest using graphical form and step‐by‐step application procedure illustrated. The model includes both sorption and desorption mechanisms in equations, and consequently reaction orders and rate constants can be determined. Collected experimental data of the equilibrium sorption of various liquids including water, linear alcohols, linear alkanes, derivates of cyclohexane, aromates, 1‐chlorohexane, chlorobenzene, benzoyl chloride, and nitrobenzene into the low density polyethylene membrane at three temperatures (288.15, 298.15, and 308.15 K) were used for validation of model calculations and assessment of model reliability. Simply, the introduced apparent reaction order and reaction rate constant can be calculated, based on which one might readily access to the sorption and desorption individual reaction orders. The computational cost of proposed method is small, and much of calculations can be done following procedure provided in the form of graphical diagrams. The reliability of method was successfully examined and revealed potential for further uses. © 2017 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Poly(lactic acid)/montmorillonite blown films: Crystallization, mechanics, and permeation
Authors: Zheng W. , Beeler M. , Claus J. , Xu X. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThe study focuses on the development and characterization of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/montmorillonite (clay) nanocomposite films. Samples of 0%, 1%, 3%, and 6% (by weight) clay were shear‐mixed, melt‐blended, and blown‐film processed. Afterward, the effects of clay on the kinetics of cold‐crystallization, mechanical properties, and the oxygen barriers are investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analyzer, and permeation tester, respectively. Through the traditional Avrami analysis, clay is found to accelerate the crystallization process with a higher crystallization rate constant. The Avrami exponent obtained for composites is higher than the neat PLA although all samples show a decreased Avrami exponent with increase of the crystallization temperature. At the same time, the clay exhibits reinforcement effects on the glassy modulus of the composites and influences the cold‐crystallization event, similar to the calorimetric results. In addition, the oxygen permeation slightly decreases on adding the clay. With 3% clay concentration, the permeation coefficient is reduced by 24%. The implication of the results is discussed in the article. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45260.
The thermal stability investigation of microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate/siloxane‐modified epoxy resin composites
Authors: Li Rui , Zhang Haoruo , Zhou Cheng , Zhang Bin , Chen Yang , Zou Huawei , Liang Mei 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTIn this investigation, epoxy resin composites containing phosphate and silicone were prepared from microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (MFAPP) and poly(methylphenyl siloxane) (PMPS). Silicone‐containing epoxy (E‐S) copolymers were gained by the grafting reaction between OCH3 of PMPS and OH of E51. And, a fixed weight of MFAPP was introduced to epoxy systems via the physical blending method. The chemical structure of the E‐S copolymer was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and 1H‐NMR. The impact testing results revealed that the impact toughness was improved slightly. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results demonstrated that the thermal degradation property in high temperature region and solid residue yield at 800 °C were enhanced remarkably with increasing PMPS content, whether the testing atmosphere was in nitrogen or oxygen. Moreover, an obvious synergistic effect of silicon and phosphorus on promoting the thermo‐oxidative degradation stability and solid residue at 800 °C was proved. Furthermore, the scanning electron microscope micrographs and FTIR result of residual charred crusts of EA‐S systems after the TGA testing in air manifested that the bubbled charred layer and silicon‐ and phosphorus‐containing residue took chief responsibility for thermo‐oxidative degradation property and solid residue yield. So the MFAPP/siloxane‐modified epoxy resin composites have a significant development prospect in high‐temperature resistant organic adhesives and coatings. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45272.
Microwave fluidized bed for biomass pyrolysis. Part II: Effect of process parameters
Authors: Adam Mohamed , Beneroso Daniel , Katrib Juliano , Kingman Sam , Robinson John P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe microwave fluidized bed process developed in Part I (DOI: 10.1002/bbb.1780), in which the heating heterogeneity issues are overcome, has been applied to the pyrolysis of biomass. The degree of pyrolysis was established by studying the behavior of sycamore and pine under different operational conditions. Homogeneous heating was obtained, and it is shown that larger particles undergo more pyrolysis within the fluidized bed, consistent with the Biot number. Two limiting values of fluidization velocity were identified, a higher value above which unhydrolyzed particles are entrained with the fluidizing gas and a lower value below which thermal runaway takes place before fluidization. Theoretical correlations for minimum fluidization velocity were found to be unreliable for the biomass used within this study. The energy consumption obtained with optimal process parameters was found to be 3.5–4.2 kJ g−1 to obtain 60–70% of pyrolyzed solid, which is comparable with conventional pyrolysis and presents a significant opportunity for the scale‐up of a microwave fluidized bed. The use of a cold fluidizing gas promoted heat losses from the particles and increased the energy consumption; however, it prevented undesired thermal runaway effects. Pine and sycamore required different fluidization velocities and corresponding energy requirements, which was due to the fibrous nature of the feedstock. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd