bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast spin dynamics and switching via spin transfer torque in antiferromagnets with weak ferromagnetism
Authors: Kim Tae Heon , Grünberg Peter , Han Song Hee , Cho Beongki 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe spin-torque driven dynamics of antiferromagnets with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) were investigated based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert-Slonczewski equation with antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic order parameters (l and m, respectively). We demonstrate that antiferromagnets including DMI can be described by a 2-dimensional pendulum model of l. Because m is coupled with l, together with DMI and exchange energy, close examination of m provides fundamental understanding of its dynamics in linear and nonlinear regimes. Furthermore, we discuss magnetization reversal as a function of DMI and anisotropy energy induced by a spin current pulse.
Antenatally Detected Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformations: The Oxford Experience
Authors: Thakkar Hemanshoo , Durell Jonathan , Chakraborty Subhasis , Tingle Bianca-Lea , Choi Arnwald , Fowler Darren , Gould Steve , Impey Lawrence , Lakhoo Kokila 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCongenital airway pulmonary malformations are increasingly being diagnosed, but their management continues to remain controversial. Our approach has been to offer surgery to mitigate the risk of infection and possible malignancy. All patients routinely undergo a CT scan of the chest postnatally and once the diagnosis is confirmed, minimal access surgery is offered. Our anesthetists provide single-lung ventilation to enhance the operative view. We conducted a retrospective review over a 10-year period, during which 91 patients were prenatally suspected to have a cystic lung lesion. There were 88 live births of which 29 (33%) cases were initially managed conservatively based on CT findings. Five of these patients, however, became symptomatic needing surgery. A total of 64 (73%) patients underwent surgery with the most common lesions being congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAMs) (24), hybrid lesions (19), and pulmonary sequestrations (12). The median age at surgery was 5 months (1 day to 17 months). Using a minimal access approach, 41 (64%) cases were completed with 17 performed open from the onset. Open surgery was indicated in neonates who became symptomatic within the first few weeks of life as well as patients in respiratory distress that would not tolerate either single-lung ventilation or gas insufflation. There were six further conversions to open from minimal access surgery due to poor visualization or technical difficulties. One patient needed a perioperative blood transfusion and one patient had a more prolonged stay due to persistent air leak managed conservatively. Among asymptomatic patients, evidence of microscopic disease was seen, which included infection as well as two cases of tumors, one pleuropulmonary blastoma seen as part of a CPAM, and one rhabdomyomatous dysplasia seen in the CPAM component of a hybrid lesion. In our experience, excising asymptomatic lesions is safe with minimal complications. Single-lung ventilation in combination with thoracoscopy provides excellent vision. There is a risk of infection and a definite, albeit low, risk of malignancy, which may outweigh the benefits of conservative management.
Does on‐site chaplaincy enhance the health and well being of fly‐in, fly‐out (FIFO) personnel?
Authors: Ebert Angela , Strehlow Karin 
Published: October 2016

Issue addressedThe fly‐in, fly‐out (FIFO) work style has been linked to mental‐health and interpersonal issues and a need for strategies that maintain a healthy workforce. This study investigated whether 24/7 on‐site chaplains deliver a service that promotes the health and well being of FIFO personnel.MethodsA phenomenological approach was used to explore the perceptions of FIFO personnel working in different roles and organisational sections on a remote mine site in Western Australia. Multi‐pronged strategies recruited 29 participants who represented management, supervisors, workers and support staff. Participants took part in semistructured interviews conducted either one‐on‐one or in pairs.ResultsChaplains were described as making a valuable contribution to the physical and mental health of FIFO personnel. Specific aspects of the service such as active outreach, effective trust building and the on‐site availability were identified as central to the service being accessed and overcoming barriers embedded in mining culture and masculinity.ConclusionsOn‐site chaplaincy appears to be effective in promoting the physical and mental health of FIFO personnel working at a remote mine site.So what?This promising model of active on‐site outreach offered by chaplains is set apart from existing FIFO support structures. We recommend further exploration of its potential to become part of an integrated health‐support system in the mining sector and other industries.
Nocardiosis in the Tropical Northern Territory of Australia, 1997–2014
Authors: McGuinness Sarah L. , Whiting Sarah E. , Baird Rob , Currie Bart J. , Ralph Anna P. , Anstey Nicholas M. , Price Ric N. , Davis Joshua S. , Tong Steven Y. C. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Background
Nocardia is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause life-threatening disease. We aimed to characterize the epidemiological, microbiological, and clinical features of nocardiosis in the tropical north of Australia.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of nocardiosis diagnosed between 1997 and 2014. Population-based incidences were calculated using district population data.

Results
Clinically significant nocardiosis was identified in 61 patients. The unadjusted population-based annual incidence of nocardiosis was 2.02 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.55–2.60) per 100000 people and was 1.7 (95% CI, .96–2.90) fold higher in Indigenous compared with non-Indigenous persons (P = .027). Of 61 patients, 47 (77%) had chronic lung disease, diabetes, and/or hazardous alcohol consumption; 22 (36%) were immunocompromised; and 8 (13%) had no identified comorbidities. Disease presentations included pulmonary (69%; 42 of 61), cutaneous (13%; 8 of 61), and disseminated nocardiosis (15%; 9 of 61). The most commonly identified species were Nocardia asteroides and Nocardia cyriacigeorgica (each 11%). Linezolid was the only antimicrobial to which isolates were universally susceptible; 89% (48 of 54), 60% (32 of 53), and 48% (26 of 54) of isolates were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ceftriaxone, and imipenem, respectively. Eighteen patients (30%) required intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and 1-year mortality was 31%.

Conclusions
The incidence of nocardiosis in tropical Australia is amongst the highest reported globally. Nocardiosis occurs in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts, and it is associated with high rates of ICU admission, 1-year mortality, and resistance to commonly recommended antimicrobials. Diagnosis should be considered in patients with consistent clinical features, particularly if they are Indigenous or have chronic lung disease.
Religion
Authors: Terrizzi John A. , Shook Natalie J. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This chapter argues that religion is, in part, an evolved disease-avoidance strategy. That is, many of the major world religions are a consequence of a system of psychological mechanisms that has evolved to promote disease avoidance. As person-to-person contact is a significant route of contamination, the behavioral immune system encourages avoidance of other people, especially individuals who may be sick or harboring pathogens. Consequently, the behavioral immune system promotes the adoption of socially conservative cultural value systems, which support avoidance of and prejudice toward out-group members. Indeed, the evidence indicates that religiosity is stronger in areas of the world that have a higher pathogen load. Additionally, individuals who are more sensitive to disgust and are more concerned with contamination exhibit more religious conservatism. Viewing religion from a disease-avoidance perspective helps explain why many religions are rife with purity rituals and often promote out-group avoidance.
Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Adults
Authors: Bader Mazen S. , Dow Gordon , Yi Yanqing , Howley Constance , Mugford Gerry , Kelly Deborah 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundGastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is common in the general population, but its burden is unknown in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected adults. The primary objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of GERD in HIV-infected adults.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of 85 HIV-infected adults from 2 HIV clinics in Canada. The patients completed a validated GERD questionnaire during their scheduled clinic visits.ResultsEighty-five HIV-infected adults were included in the analysis. Mean age, median body mass index, and median waist circumference were 44 years, 25 cm, and 93 cm, respectively. Sixty-eight patients (81%) had GERD, and 52 (77%) of them were male. Of the 68 adults with GERD, 36 (52.9%) were classified as frequent, and 42 (61.8%) were classified as moderate-severe. Twenty-two patients had metabolic syndrome, of whom 19 (86.4%) had GERD symptoms. The weight of patients with GERD was higher than that in patients without GERD (75 [interquartile range, 19.5] and 63.35 [interquartile range, 19.8] kg, respectively;P= 0.04). Sixty-five patients (95.6%) who had GERD symptoms were taking medications to treat it. Most patients (92.3%) were on histamine-2 receptor antagonists.ConclusionsGastroesophageal reflux disease is prevalent among HIV-infected adults, and more than half of the patients present with symptoms described as frequent and/or moderate-severe in intensity. The screening and management of GERD are important considerations as part of routine HIV care.
Comparing Clinical Nurse Specialist Students’ Socialization Based on Magnet Employment
Authors: Ares Terri L. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose:
The purpose of this study is to ascertain if clinical nurse specialist students differed on measures of professional socialization based on employment in a Magnet-oriented hospital.

Design:
A secondary analysis of data from a previous national study of the socialization of clinical nurse specialist students was used. Anticipatory socialization variables (nursing leadership, workplace exposure to the role, and preconceived impression of the role), mentorship by a clinical nurse specialist, and socialization outcomes (self-concept, perceived preparedness for practice, and nursing specialty certification) were explored.

Methods:
Data were divided into 2 groups: Magnet (n = 106) and non-Magnet (n = 119). Comparisons between the groups on researcher-designed items and the Professionalism and Work Ethic subscales of the Nurses Self-Description Form were analyzed.

Results:
The Magnet group was more likely to be exposed to the clinical nurse specialist role in the workplace. Overall, there were no group differences in socialization outcome measures; but in the subset of students with workplace exposure to the role, those with Magnet experience had higher professionalism self-concept scores.

Conclusions:
Magnet employment was not a significant socializing factor for nurses pursuing clinical nurse specialist education. The graduate program is likely the primary socializing agent for these students.
Programming mRNA decay to modulate synthetic circuit resource allocation
Authors: Venturelli Ophelia S. , Tei Mika , Bauer Stefan , Chan Leanne Jade G. , Petzold Christopher J. , Arkin Adam P. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTSynthetic biomolecular networks embedded in host-cells compete with cellular processes for limited intracellular resources. Resource utilization is a major variable that impacts synthetic circuit behavior. Here we show that intracellular resources could be diverted from cellular operations to a synthetic circuit by programming global mRNA decay using the sequence-dependent endoribonuclease MazF. Synthetic circuit genes were protected from MazF activity by recoding the gene sequence to eliminate recognition sites, while preserving the amino acid sequence. The expression of a protected fluorescent reporter and the metabolic flux of a high-value metabolite gluconate were significantly enhanced using this genome-scale control strategy. Proteomics measurements discovered a key host translation factor in need of protection to optimize the resource redistribution activity. A dynamic computational model demonstrated that the MazF mRNA-decay feedback loop achieved proportional control of MazF levels in an optimal operating regime. RNA-seq time-series measurements of MazF-induced cells elucidated the dynamic shifts in the transcript abundance and discovered regulatory design elements that could be used to expand the control mechanisms of the MazF resource allocator. Together, these results demonstrated that manipulation of resource allocation is a tunable parameter that can be used to redirect resources away from cellular processes to synthetic circuits to enhance target functions.
Optimal pitching schedules for a cycloidal rotor in hovering
Authors: Andrisani Andrea , Angeli Diego , Dumas Antonio 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to define an optimal pitching profile for the blades of a cycloidal rotor which minimizes the mean power consumption for a given mean thrust of the rotor.

Design/methodology/approach
A simple analytical model of the kinematics and aerodynamics of a cycloidal rotor is defined first to obtain expressions for thrust and power depending on the pitching profile and geometrical parameters of the rotor. Then, Lagrange optimization is applied to obtain the optimal pitching schedule under hovering conditions. Finally, results of the theoretical analysis are compared with those of a two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model.

Findings
Results of the optimization suggest that the optimal profile is a combination of sinusoidal functions. It is shown that the adoption of the optimal pitching schedule could improve the power efficiency of the rotor by approximately 25 per cent.

Practical implications
The possibility to increase the efficiency of a cycloidal rotor by acting on its pitching schedule could be a significant factor of success for this alternative propulsion concept.

Originality/value
The present work represents the first attempt at a definition of an optimal pitching profile for a cycloidal rotor. Moreover, although being carried out on the basis of simplified analytical considerations, the present investigation sets a methodological framework which could be successfully applied to the design of similar kinds of systems.
Extended responsibility through servitization in PSS
Authors: Pal Rudrajeet 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
The global textile-fashion industry is resource inefficient thus requiring higher product-service systems (PSS) intervention. Further, insight of how PSS extends corporate responsibility is rather limited; knowledge of which may contribute towards increased PSS viability. The purpose of this paper is to explore how companies operating with used-clothing PSS extend their responsibilities through servitization.

Design/methodology/approach
An exploratory study of seven companies operating with various used-clothing PSS is conducted through semi-structured interviews and supplementary document studies.

Findings
Six dominant ways through which servitization drives responsibility in used-clothing PSS are identified. These are through: value-adding services, product leverage, collaborative partnership, information transparency, awareness and platform-enabled networking. Two trade-offs exist in terms of their focus on physical process or digitalization, and developed by honing core competency or collaborative partnership. Further three differentiating attributes underlie these mechanisms for: raising awareness and/or improving transparency, collaboration in value creation and/or in promoting consumption, and product ownership and/or leverage.

Research limitations/implications
A wide range of used-clothing PSS exists each in its own way extending responsibility. In-depth studies are required to investigate the relationship between servitization and extended responsibility for diverse PSS-types and on type of responsibilities they address.

Practical implications
By identifying the key mechanisms or ways and their underlying characteristics companies can identify new servitization forms and ways to extend their responsibility, identify best practices and establish viability beyond the traditional measures, e.g. financial.

Originality/value
So far no studies have investigated the role of servitization in PSS and how it extends corporate responsibility, especially in industries like textile-fashion, where both resource efficiency and responsibility is low.
Building a system-wide approach to community relationships with the findings of a scoping review in health and social care
Authors: Grimshaw Paul , McGowan Linda , McNichol Elaine 
Published: October 2016

PurposeFor leadership and management of Western health systems, good quality relationships are a fundamental cornerstone of organising health and social care (H&SC) delivery, delivering benefits across organisations and communities. The purpose of this paper is to explore the extant management, H&SC literature, grounded in older people care, reveal behaviours, processes and practices that if readily identified across a context will support healthy relationships across the “whole system” of stakeholders.Design/methodology/approachAn academic/practitioner group designed and guided a scoping literature review of the H&SC and broader management literature to identify and extract important behaviours, processes and practices underlying the support of high-quality relationships. A search strategy was agreed and key health and management databases were interrogated and 51 papers selected for inclusion. Working with the practitioners, the selected papers were coded and then organised into emergent themes.FindingsThe paper outlines the relational behaviours, processes and practice elements that should be present within an older peoples care community, to support a healthy relational environment. These elements are presented under the five emergent literature themes of integrity, compassion, respect, fairness and trust. These five topics are examined in detail. A way forward for building statements using the review material, that may be applied to reveal relational patterns within older people care, is also explored and outlined.Research limitations/implicationsAll literature reviews are subject to practical decisions around time, budget, scope and depth restraints. Therefore potentially relevant papers may have been missed in the review process. The scoping review process adapted here does not seek to make any major considerations with regards to the weighting of evidence behind the primary research.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to a growing need for designers of health systems to more fully understand, measure and draw on the value of relationships to help bridge the gap between diminishing resources and the expanding demand on H&SC services.
A visual context-based market analysis of mobile application services
Authors: Kim Jieun , Lee Sungjoo , Park Yongtae 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose the use of a user-centric service map to facilitate the visual exploration and monitoring of user context information for proactive market analysis.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper supports a context-based market analysis by developing a user-centric service map which comprehensively visualizes a variety of contexts, users, and services. Empirical data were gathered from service descriptions and reviews of 100 mobile application services in the Apple App Store’s lifestyle and healthcare and fitness categories.

Findings
The user-centric service map supports the analysis of the context information from using various mobile app services, and can therefore be effectively applied for market-segment analysis and user-value analysis.

Practical implications
The user-centric service map involves implications in terms of multi-disciplinary proactive market orientation and data-driven strategy development, allowing firms to respond to changing market conditions in the mobile business promptly and even preemptively.

Originality/value
The initiative uncovering of latent needs through examining context of use have been an important focus of prior work, but little attempt has been presented in the way of frameworks for converting abundant context data into strategic information. The paper provides new methods and procedures to establish and interpret service maps using flexible visual features.
Adolescent deliberate self‐poisoning in South‐East Melbourne
Authors: Hiremath Mandira , Craig Simon , Graudins Andis 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the characteristics of adolescents presenting with deliberate self‐poisoning (DSP) to a large Australian healthcare network.MethodThis is a retrospective chart review of 12–17 year olds presenting to three Monash Health EDs with self‐poisoning from January 2012 to December 2014.ResultsThere were 35 207 adolescent presentations in the study period. A total of 721 cases were for DSP (2%), and 501 (1.4%) presented with recreational or accidental self‐poisoning. The most common DSP toxicants were paracetamol (28%), non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents (15%) and serotonin reuptake inhibitors (10%). Of the DSP presentations, 96% were impulsive events; 23% of patients (n = 129) presented on multiple occasions, and 67% of all DSP cases had a past psychiatric history, particularly depression (57%). Disposition for DSP patients included 60% discharged home, 6% short stay unit, 19% medical admission, 13% psychiatric admission and 2% intensive care unit admission. There were no mortalities.ConclusionAdolescent DSP presentations frequently involved impulsive ingestion of over‐the‐counter medications, suggesting less access to prescription medications. Additionally, pre‐existing mental health history and re‐presentation were common. Initiatives to prevent DSP might include an increased focus on the early identification and management of mental health problems in adolescents in the community.
Identification of LmUAP1 as a 20‐hydroxyecdysone response gene in the chitin biosynthesis pathway from the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Jian , Sun Ya‐Wen , Li Da‐Qi , Li Sheng , Ma En‐Bo , Zhang Jian‐Zhen 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn Locusta migratoria, we found that two chitin biosynthesis genes, UDP N‐acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase gene LmUAP1 and chitin synthase gene LmCHS1, are expressed mainly in the integument and are responsible for cuticle formation. However, whether these genes are regulated by 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) is still largely unclear. Here, we showed the developmental expression pattern of LmUAP1, LmCHS1 and the corresponding 20E titer during the last instar nymph stage of locust. RNA interference (RNAi) directed toward a common region of the two isoforms of LmEcR (LmEcRcom) reduced the expression level of LmUAP1, while there was no difference in the expression of LmCHS1. Meantime, injection of 20E in vivo induced the expression of LmUAP1 but not LmCHS1. Further, we found injection‐based RNAi of LmEcRcom resulted in 100% mortality. The locusts failed to molt with no apolysis, and maintained in the nymph stage until death. In conclusion, our preliminary results indicated that LmUAP1 in the chitin biosynthesis pathway is a 20E late‐response gene and LmEcR plays an essential role in locust growth and development, which could be a good potential target for RNAi‐based pest control.