bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling Multiband SEDs and Light Curves of BL Lacertae Using a Time-dependent Shock-in-jet Model
Authors: Khatoon Rukaiya , Böttcher Markus , Prince Raj 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The origin of fast flux variability in blazars is a long-standing problem, with many theoretical models proposed to explain it. In this study, we focus on BL Lacertae to model its spectral energy distribution (SED) and broadband light curves using a diffusive shock acceleration process involving multiple mildly relativistic shocks, coupled with a time-dependent radiation transfer code. BL Lacertae was the target of a comprehensive multiwavelength monitoring campaign in early 2021 July. We present a detailed investigation of the source’s broadband spectral and light-curve features using simultaneous observations at optical–UV frequencies with the Swift Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope, in X-rays with the Swift X-Ray Telescope and AstroSat-SXT/LAXPC, and in gamma rays with Fermi-LAT, covering the period from 2021 July to August (MJD 59400–59450). A fractional variability analysis shows that the source is most variable in gamma rays, followed by X-rays, UV, and optical. This allowed us to determine the fastest variability time in gamma rays to be on the order of a few hours. The AstroSat-SXT and LAXPC light curves indicate X-ray variability on the order of a few kiloseconds. Modeling simultaneously the SEDs of low- and high-flux states of the source and the multiband light curves provided insights into the particle acceleration mechanisms at play. This is the first instance of a physical model that accurately captures the multiband temporal variability of BL Lacertae, including the hour-scale fluctuations observed during the flare.
Extending the Asteroseismic Calibration of the Stellar Rossby Number
Authors: Metcalfe Travis S. , Corsaro Enrico , Bonanno Alfio , Creevey Orlagh L. , van Saders Jennifer L. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The stellar Rossby number (Ro) is a dimensionless quantity that is used in the description of fluid flows. It characterizes the relative importance of Coriolis forces on convective motions, which is central to understanding magnetic stellar evolution. Here we present an expanded sample of Kepler asteroseismic targets to help calibrate the relation between Ro and Gaia color, and we extend the relation to redder colors using observations of the mean activity levels and rotation periods for a sample of brighter stars from the Mount Wilson survey. Our quadratic fit to the combined sample is nearly linear between 0.55 < G
BP − G
RP < 1.2, and can be used to estimate Ro for stars with spectral types between F5 and K3. The strong deviation from linearity in the original calibration may reflect an observational bias against the detection of solar-like oscillations at higher activity levels for the coolest stars.
TESS Detections of Pulsations in Of?p Stars in the Magellanic Clouds
Authors: Hubrig S. , Jayaraman R. , Järvinen S. P. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We used Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite observations to search for pulsations in six known Of?p stars in the Magellanic Clouds. We find evidence for pulsational variability in three Of?p stars: UCAC4 115-008604, OGLE SMC-SC6 237339, and AzV 220. Two of them, UCAC4 115-008604 and OGLE SMC-SC6 237339, have been reported to possess kG-order magnetic fields. The obtained results are important to constrain and improve stellar evolution models.
Efficacy of Pharmacological Treatments in Managing Generalized Anxiety Disorder among Adults in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Analysis
Authors: Aleid Abdulsalam Mohammed , Alharthi Abdulaziz Matar , Alotaibi Rana Abdulmohsen , Alasmari Ahmed Mohammed , Alzabdawi Sharifah Ahmed , Asaeed Imtinan Jafar , Alshuqayfi Sarah Mousa , Alzahuf Shuruq Mohammed , Alharthi Aliyah Matar , Alhodibi Mostafa Habeeb 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a significant mental health concern characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry about everyday activities. Despite its prevalence, there is a scarcity of research on pharmacological management strategies for GAD, particularly within the Saudi Arabian context. This study aims to address this gap by identifying and evaluating the most commonly used pharmacological strategies among adults in Saudi Arabia. It will assess the effectiveness of these strategies, examine factors influencing the preference of these strategies, and explore the prevalence and impact of adverse effects associated with them.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study employed stratified random sampling to select a representative sample of adults aged 18 years and above from various regions of Saudi Arabia. Participants provided data through self-administered questionnaires, which included information on sociodemographic characteristics, GAD symptoms, pharmacological strategies utilized, their effectiveness, and any adverse effects. The study’s analytical approach encompassed statistical methods such as correlation, regression, and Chi-square tests, aiming to uncover relationships and patterns among the collected data, particularly focusing on treatment efficacy and the occurrence of adverse effects.

Results:
We found a demographic skewing among Saudi patients with GAD, particularly toward young adults aged 18–24 and women. The majority of these patients were diagnosed with GAD and had been experiencing symptoms for less than six months. In addition, there was a notable willingness among them to seek professional help. The most commonly used pharmacological strategy was classified as “Others,” with a high satisfaction rate reported by users. Adverse effects were infrequent, affecting only a minority of patients frequently. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors demonstrated the highest mean improvement in GAD symptoms, indicating their effectiveness. Our study also emphasized the importance of considering medication side effects, especially for individuals with a greater tendency to adverse events.

Conclusion:
This research emphasizes the importance of personalized treatment plans, medication efficacy, and side effect profiles for managing GAD in Saudi Arabia. It also underscores the need for evidence-based treatment guidelines and suggests areas for future research to optimize GAD treatment strategies based on individual patient needs and therapy responses.
Analysis of Parental Stress and Anxiety Symptoms during COVID-19 Pandemic in Khulna City
Authors: Tasfiya Nuzhat , Islam Tanjirul , Haider Ali , Turzo Noor A. Alom , Al Hassan Sakib , UL Husna Asma 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
The COVID-19 pandemic tremendously increases mental health risk among parents due to extreme anxiety and stress. This study focuses on examining the variables related to parental stress and anxiety amid the COVID-19 epidemic.

Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 118 parents in three wards (18, 27, and 28) of Khulna city, Bangladesh. Parental stress and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic were measured using the GAD-7 and PSS-10 scales. Socioeconomic and demographic data were also collected from households. The association between stress and anxiety and their contributing factors was analyzed using the Chi-square test and binary logistic regression.

Results:
The results showed that 27.5% of parents aged over 40 years and 35.6% of those who faced unemployment during COVID-19 experienced severe stress and anxiety. The regression analysis results confirmed this result. Furthermore, educational status, type of family, marital status, and total household income were found to be significant factors affecting parental stress and anxiety symptoms. The study demonstrated a significant impact of COVID-19 on elderly parents.

Conclusions:
These findings suggest that COVID-19 has significantly impacted elderly parents. Therefore, the study highlights an urgent need for mental health support to assist this vulnerable group in urban areas of Bangladesh.
A Clinicodemographic Study of Indian Patients with Hidradenitis Suppurativa and its Association with Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: De Dipankar , Baskaran Narayanan , Thakur Vishal , Hanumanthu Vinod H. , Bakshi Shirin , Bhandari Sudhir , Katoch Deeksha , Handa Sanjeev 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting pilosebaceous units causing painful nodules, abscesses, and scarring. Despite global studies linking HS to metabolic syndrome, insights specific to Indian patients are limited.

Materials and Methods:
This study aimed to describe the clinicodemographic characteristics and study frequency of metabolic syndrome in Indian HS patients. In this cross-sectional study, 100 HS patients were evaluated for clinical characteristics, comorbidities, pain and suppuration scores, quality of life, and ophthalmological and dental abnormalities. Metabolic parameters, including anthropometry and blood markers, were performed in all cases and 100 age- and gender-matched controls.

Results:
The mean age was 29.47 years, with a male predominance of 57%. HS predominantly affected a combination of two or more sites (60%), with nodules as primary lesions (95%). Quality of life was significantly impaired, with 49% experiencing moderate impact as per Dermatology Life Quality Index. Metabolic derangements, represented by an increased body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, and fasting insulin, were significantly more frequent in HS cases compared to controls (P < 0.001). The frequency of metabolic syndrome in HS patients was 42%, significantly higher than controls (8%, P < 0.001) with a relative risk of 5.25 (95% CI 2.68–10.58). Dental and ophthalmological abnormalities were observed in 35% and 21.7% of screened patients, respectively.

Limitations:
Cross-sectional nature, no prospective assessment to determine evolution with time, and limited patient number are the limitations of the study.

Conclusion:
A substantial association with metabolic syndrome and considerable impact on quality of life is seen in Indian HS patients, emphasizing the need for metabolic screening and holistic management strategies.
Colposcopy Scoring Systems
Authors: Parveen Nazia , Gupta Bindiya 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Colposcopy is the essential diagnostic tool needed to examine the cervix of women with abnormal cervical cytology or high-risk human papillomavirus and abnormal-appearing vaginal or cervical tissue. Various scoring systems have been recommended in order to improve the accuracy of colposcopic impression. Reid’s Colposcopy Index, Swede score, International Federation of Cervical Pathology and Colposcopy 2011, and most recently American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCP) 2017 have been introduced and management recommendations for cervical screening are formulated. The new consensus ASCCP 2017 guidelines follow a risk-based approach rather than a result-based approach to determine the need for colposcopy, surveillance, and management.
Breast Cancer Screening: Guidelines and Opportunities for Gynecologists
Authors: Nigam Aruna , Singhal Neeti 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer worldwide and is the leading cause of deaths from cancer among women. It accounts for 12% of all cancer cases worldwide and 39.4% of the total cancer cases in women in India. The number is expected to rise to more than 2.3 lakh cases by the year 2025. As a general instinct, females usually come to gynecologists with problems related to breasts apart from other gynecological problems. Hence, they play a vital role in early detection by identifying the high-risk patients, screening them and spreading awareness. Risk factors for each age group should be identified and guidelines for screening must be followed. Breast selfexamination should be promoted and awareness regarding it should be spread as it can detect almost 90% of breast cancers. Clinical breast assessment skills should be developed and mammography should be encouraged.
Comparison of Conventional Pap Smear With Liquid-based Cytology for Screening of Cancer Cervix
Authors: Kaur Guneet , Zutshi Vijay , Priya M. Lekshmi , Yadav Amit 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective:
The objective of the study was to compare conventional Pap smear (CPS) and liquid-based cytology (LBC) by the split technique method in terms of satisfactory/unsatisfactory smear, the prevalence of inflammatory smear, and cellular atypia.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was carried out between 2017 and 2019 after obtaining ethics committee approval. A total of 200 women were recruited for the study attending the gynecology outpatient clinic with various symptoms, such as discharge per vaginum, dysmenorrhea, infertility, and pain abdomen, and after obtaining written informed consent. Pregnant women, women with pelvic inflammatory disease, and cases with obvious cervical lesions or growth were excluded. Pap smear was taken with a Rovers Cervex-Brush. The split sample technique was followed wherein using one side of the brush conventional slide was prepared and fixed with cytospray. The brush head was detached and suspended in the preservative fluid for LBC. Both CPS and LBC were sent for examination. The same experienced pathologist examined the samples. The qualitative variables were compared using the Mcnamer test to compare the prevalence of unsatisfactory smear, inflammatory smear, and cellular abnormalities between CP and LBC. The categorical variables were presented in number and percentage (%) and continuous variables were presented as mean ± standard deviation and median. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
The maximum number of patients (62.5%) belonged to the fourth decade of life. The mean age was 39 years. A total of 93% of women were from the urban areas while 7% belonged to the rural areas. The majority of the women (78.5%) were multiparous and around 43% were second para. Pap smear reports were satisfactory in 93.5% of women in CPS, while 99% of reports were satisfactory in LBC. The difference between CPS and LBC in terms of the prevalence of satisfactory/unsatisfactory smear was statistically significant with a P = 0.0064. Dense inflammation reported by all LBC smears was reported as the same in CPS. The strength of agreement between CPS and LBC was not strong in terms of different grades of inflammation with a kappa value of 0.24. There was no difference in the reporting of cellular atypia between both methods.

Conclusions:
CPS and LBC are equal in terms of detection of inflammation and epithelial cell abnormality. Infections were also detected by both the screening methods CPS and LBC. The only thing which makes LBC better is the rate of satisfactory smears and the benefit of adding human papillomavirus DNA testing possible only in LBC.
Nocturnal wearing of complete dentures and obstructive sleep apnea: A meta-analysis
Authors: Jurel Sunit Kumar , Bakrolwala Husbana Altaf , Chand Pooran , Singh Raghuwar Dayal , Bhujbal Rushikesh Bhau , Singh Balendra Pratap 
Published: October 2024

Statement of Problem:
Improvement in outcomes of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) could answer the question of whether nocturnal wearing of removable complete dentures is beneficial.

Purpose:
To evaluate the available literature that compares nocturnal wearing of removable complete dentures or overdentures in patients diagnosed with OSA on the Apnea–Hypopnea Index (AHI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), quality of sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]) and other outcomes.

Methods:
Registration of the proposed protocol was done in an open-source registry. Databases (Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were searched until August 2024. All the reports were screened by reading the abstracts and full texts by two independent reviewers and conflicts were resolved by the third reviewer in Covidence. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment as per the Risk of Bias 1.0 tool (RoB 1.0) were done in Covidence. Mean difference and risk ratios were used as effect measures for continuous and dichotomous outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using a fixed effect model. The certainty of evidence was judged by the GRADE approach.

Results:
Out of 2428 available reports, three randomized controlled trials were included for statistical analyses involving a total of 123 participants. The pooled estimate for AHI showed no evidence of any difference with and without nocturnal wear of removable complete dentures (MD: 2.88; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.94 to 6.70; 246 participants). No evidence of any difference was found for PSQI (MD: 0.20; 95% CI: -0.97 to 1.37; 138 participants) and for ESS (MD: 0.20; 95% CI: -1.60 to 1.20; 138 participants).

Conclusion:
The review found insufficient evidence to judge that nocturnal wearing of removable complete dentures was effective in patients with OSA measured by Apnea Hypopnea Index, PSQI, and Epworth sleepiness scale.
Short implant versus conventional implant in the posterior atrophic maxilla: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pradhan Yogamaya , Srivastava Gunjan , Choudhury Gopal Krishna , Sahoo Pradyumna Kumar , Padhiary Subrat Kumar 
Published: October 2024

Objective:
A comparative study undertaken to measure the the marginal bone loss (MBL), implant survival rate, and prosthetic and biological complications among short implants (8 mm or shorter) and conventional implants (longer than 8 mm) in the posterior atrophic maxilla.

Materials and Methods:
A search in three databases PubMed (Medline), Scopus, and Cochrane was conducted. The present systematic review was registered with identification number CRD42020212805 at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. Data extraction included the publication year, patients’ number and number of implants, implant length and width, MBL, implant survival rate, and biological and mechanical complications. The Cochrane Risk of Bias 1.0 tool was used to assess the risk of bias. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the outcome variables. Comparisons for dichotomous variables, such as prosthetic and biological complications and implant survival rate, were done by applying the Mantel–Haenszel method. In contrast, a comparison was made by applying the inverse variance method for continuous variables like MBL.

Results:
Initially, 618 reports were recognized from electronic database searches. Five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the meta-analyses regarding the MBL, implant survival rate, and prosthetic complications, while three were included for biological complications. In 5 years of follow-up, no evidence of difference could be found between conventional and short implants for survival rate (risk ratio [RR]: 3.54; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.99–12.67; P = 0.05; I
2 = 0%). We do not find any evidence of difference for MBL between short implants and conventional implants (mean difference: −0.29; 95% CI: −0.49 to −0.08; P = 0.02; I
2 = 65%). Furthermore, no evidence of a difference exists between short and conventional implants for prosthetic complications (RR: 1.56; 95% CI: 0.68–3.55; P = 0.29; I
2 = 0%). The biological complications were seen less with short implants (RR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.24–0.93; P = 0.03; I
2 = 0%).

Conclusion:
The results suggest no significant difference among conventional and short implants regarding survival rate in the posterior atrophic maxilla. The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that, for a 5-year period of follow-up, short implants are related to rarer biological complications and comparable MBL compared to conventional implants. Despite these promising findings, long-term studies with consistent study designs and clinical protocols are required to appraise the performance and durability of short implants.
An analysis of three dimensional changes to comprehensively evaluate the occlusion time, disclusion time, point of first contact and force distribution at various head positions using Tekscan III: An in vivo study
Authors: Prasanthi G. S. , Sajjan M. C. Suresh , Manikyamba Yenumula J. B. , Chandrasekhar P. V. B. , Kotemsetty Sri Lakshmi 
Published: October 2024

Aim:
This study aims to evaluate the changes in occlusal contacts resulting from variations in head postures (supine[S], semi-supine [SS], upright with head rest support [HR], and without head rest support [WHR]) after occlusal adjustment of conventional fixed dental prostheses using Tekscan III.

Settings and Design:
A cross-sectional study on 15 patients with missing single molars and undergone replacement with a fixed dental prosthesis.

Materials and Methods:
Fifteen patients with a three-unit tooth-supported fixed dental prosthesis replacing a missing single posterior tooth were included. Tekscan III was used to analyze occlusion time (OT), disclusion time (DT), initial tooth contact, and relative bite force in different head postures by adjusting the backrest position before and after equilibration. Occlusal adjustments were performed to achieve the balance between the right and left halves.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and paired t-test.

Results:
Posterior shift of initial tooth contact was observed from SS to supine and upright positions, whereas an anterior shift occurred from SS to WHR support posture. High-intensity forces were observed before the occlusal adjustment in various head positions, and these forces changed after adjustments in SS position. However, medium-intensity force occlusal prematurities persisted in other head postures even after corrections in SS position. There was a significant difference in OT but not in DT in all head postures after equilibration. When OT was compared from SS to remaining posture after equilibration, the major difference was found from SS to head rest (HR) and supine to HR posture which infers the need for selective grinding in these postures.

Conclusion:
Considering the various changes while changing the head position from the SS position to the other functional position, it can be inferred that there is a need to consider recalibration of occlusal contacts in all the functional postures.