bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Criticality of global monopole charges in diverse dimensions
Authors: Cui Hong-Ming , Fan Zhong-Ying 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this work, we construct charged AdS black holes with a global monopole charge in diverse dimensions and study the thermodynamics. We find a critical monopole charge below which the solution exhibits Van-der Waals like behaviors. In the context of holography, this could be interpreted using the boundary degrees of freedoms. As an example, we study the phase diagram in the four dimensions analytically. We further analyze the microstructures of the solution using Ruppeiner geometry. We find that repulsive interactions dominates for black holes in a wide range of temperatures. However, around the critical point, attractive interactions is dominant and the Ruppeiner scalar curvature shows universal behaviors: it has a critical exponent 2 and coefficient $$-1/8$$

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1
/
8

in diverse dimensions. Universality of the results is interpreted from the scaling behavior of free energy near the critical point for Van-der Waals like fluids.
Applications of atomic data to studies of the Sun
Authors: Young Peter R. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Sun is a standard reference object for astrophysics and also a fascinating subject of study in its own right. X-ray and extreme ultraviolet movies of the Sun’s atmosphere show an extraordinary diversity of plasma phenomena, from barely visible bursts and jets to coronal mass ejections that impact a large portion of the solar surface. The processes that produce these phenomena, heat the corona and power the solar wind remain actively studied and accurate atomic data are essential for interpreting observations and making model predictions. For the Sun’s interior intense effort is focused on resolving the “solar problem,” (a discrepancy between solar interior models and helioseismology measurements) and atomic data are central to both element abundance measurements and interior physics such as opacity and nuclear reaction rates. In this article, topics within solar interior and solar atmosphere physics are discussed and the role of atomic data described. Areas of active research are highlighted and specific atomic data needs are identified.

Graphical abstract
An image of a solar active region obtained with the 193 A channel of SDO/AIA, showing plasma at around 1.5 million degrees.
Serum Adropin Levels Are Elevated in Patients With Hyperthyroidism
Authors: Wang Xin , Chang Xiaona , Wang Qiu , Ding Xiaoyu , Wang Jiaxuan , Cui Ruixiang , Wang Guang , Liu Jia 
Published: October 2024

Objective: Adropin is a unique hormone, which controls metabolism and energy homeostasis. Hyperthyroidism is a disease with a high metabolic rate that affects both glucose and lipid metabolism. We aimed to investigate the change of adropin levels and the association between adropin levels and clinical parameters in patients with hyperthyroidism.Methods: This cross‐sectional study comprised 90 newly diagnosed patients with hyperthyroidism and 90 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls. Circulating adropin levels and thyroid hormone levels were evaluated in each participant.Results: Compared with the healthy controls, the hyperthyroid patients had significantly higher levels of serum adropin (p < 0.001). In addition, adropin levels were positively correlated with free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4), whereas they were negatively correlated with thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH). A multivariate linear regression analysis showed that serum adropin concentrations were independently correlated with FT3 and TSH after adjustment for age, gender, and other confounding factors (FT3: β = 0.231, p < 0.05; TSH: β = −0.301, p < 0.05).Conclusions: Patients with hyperthyroidism had elevated serum adropin levels. And the serum adropin concentrations were independently correlated with the FT3 and TSH levels.
Adipocytokines and Inflammation in Patients and a Gerbil Model: Implications for Obesity‐Related and Nonobese Diabetes
Authors: Fang Hongjuan , Li Xiaohong , Lv Jianyi , Huo Xueyun , Guo Meng , Liu Xin , Li Changlong , Chen Zhenwen , Du Xiaoyan 
Published: October 2024

Background: Obesity is a predisposing risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Actually, not only obese/overweight but also nonobese/lean individuals may be prone to T2DM. This study is aimed at identifying the contribution of adipose tissue to the development of nonobese diabetes (NOD) and obese diabetes (OD).Methods: Serum samples from the nonobese nondiabetes (NOND, n = 47, age = 46.8 ± 8.4, BMI ≤ 23.9 kg/m2) controls, NOD (n = 48, age = 50.7 ± 6.5, BMI ≤ 23.9 kg/m2) and OD (n = 65, age = 49.8 ± 10.2, BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2) patients were utilized to measure the expression of metabolic indicators, adipocytokines, inflammatory factors. Different adipose depots from offspring with corresponding blood glucose and obesity levels of a spontaneously diabetic gerbil line with various degrees of diabetic penetrance and body weights were examined for adipocytokines and inflammation factors detected by ELISA and western blot. Adipose tissue volume and fat cell size of the gerbils were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging and immunohistochemistry, respectively.Results: The study yielded four key findings. Firstly, in comparison to the NOD group, the OD group exhibited more severe insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic dysfunction in both patients and gerbils, attributed to higher visceral adipose tissue mass and larger fat cell sizes. Secondly, in gerbils, gonadal fat deposition was linked to obesity development, whereas kidney fat deposition correlated with obesity and diabetes occurrence. Thirdly, in both patients and gerbils, the interplay between adiponectin and leptin levels in serum may significantly influence the development of obesity and diabetes. Lastly, heightened expression of MCP3 in gerbils’ kidney adipose tissue may serve as a pivotal factor in initiating obesity‐associated diabetes.Conclusions: Our study, which may be considered a pilot investigation, suggests that the interaction of adipocytokines and inflammation factors in different adipose depots could play diverse roles in the development of diabetes or obesity.
Digitally Fabricated Fixed Restoration for Immediate Replacement After Extraction and Splinting the Adjacent Mobile Teeth
Authors: Li Jian , Xue Shenghao , Li Ke , Huyan Tianyi , Jiang Ting 
Published: October 2024

Objective: This study is aimed at detailing a technique for digitally fabricated fixed restoration for both immediate replacement after extraction and splinting of the adjacent mobile teeth.Clinical Considerations: Demand for a fixed restoration of the missing teeth in the mandibular anterior region is very common but sometimes problematic for dentists. It often happens that there is significant loosening of the remaining teeth adjacent to the missing tooth, which should be splinted. This case report describes a digitally fabricated fixed restoration for both replacing lost teeth and splinting periodontally compromised mobile teeth. With the CAD‐CAM technique, patients can receive the restoration immediately after the extraction. The digital design and fabrication of the restoration were elaborated using the restorative process of a patient with a mandibular anterior tooth to be extracted and multiple loose lower anterior teeth. The immediate restoration process and the pontic modification when the extraction socket had healed were also described.Conclusions: The digital process avoids the nudging of the loose tooth by the traditional impression technique, improves the accuracy of the restoration, and avoids undue stress on the loose tooth when the restoration is in place. In addition, this method allows the patient to obtain a fixed restoration immediately after extraction, and if damage occurs after the restoration has been cemented, such as fracture or debonding, a new restoration can be prepared before the patient’s return visit.Clinical Significance: This minimally invasive restorative method achieved the fixation of loose teeth while restoring the missing teeth, but the success of the treatment needed long‐time observation.
Figure 1 from Small-Molecule CCR4 Antagonists in Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma
Authors: Enriquez José S. , Wang Xiaohong , Velatooru Loka Reddy , Han Wei , Bijani Pedram , Ni Xiao 
Published: October 2024

<p>Two allosteric CCR4 antagonists and their effects on CCR4 expression in MJ and HuT 78 cells. <b>A,</b> Schematic cartoon of binding sites of two allosteric CCR4 antagonists: C021 binds to a transmembrane site on CCR4 (site 1, red), and AZD-2098 binds to intracellular or C-terminal site of CCR4 (site 2, orange); <b>B,</b> CCR4 expression on MJ and HuT 78 cells treated with C021 or AZD-2098 (green lines) or DMSO (red lines) was assessed by flow cytometry with anti-CCR4 antibody (CCR4-PE-CF594 antibody, IgG1, κ, Clone: 1G1); <b>C,</b> The expression of CCR4 mRNA in MJ and HuT 78 cells treated with C021 or AZD-2098 (gray) or DMSO (black) was assessed by qRT-PCR. The fold changes of CCR4 expression are plotted in pairs of treated vs. DMSO. Paired <i>t</i> test, **, <i>P</i> < 0.01.</p>
Clinical Impact of Baseline Frailty Status and Residual Mitral Regurgitation After Transcatheter Edge‐to‐Edge Repair: Insights From the OCEAN‐Mitral Registry
Authors: Tokuda Takahiro , Yamamoto Masanori , Kagase Ai , Shimura Testuro , Yamaguchi Ryo , Saji Mike , Asami Masahiko , Enta Yusuke , Nakashima Masaki , Shirai Shinichi , Izumo Masaki , Mizuno Shingo , Watanabe Yusuke , Amaki Makoto , Kodama Kazuhisa , Yamaguchi Junichi , Nakajima Yoshifumi , Naganuma Toru , Bota Hiroki , Ohno Yohei , Yamawaki Masahiro , Ueno Hiroshi , Mizutani Kazuki , Otsuka Toshiaki , Kubo Shunsuke , Hayashida Kentaro ,   OCEAN‐Mitral Investigators
Published: October 2024

Background
The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) is a useful frailty marker for predicting clinical outcomes in patients undergoing invasive therapy. However, the clinical impact of CFS after transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair in patients with mitral regurgitation (MR) remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the association between the baseline frail status defined by the CFS and clinical outcomes with or without postprocedural MR ≥2+ (post‐MR ≥2+) after transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair.

Methods and Results

Based on a Japanese multicenter registry (OCEAN [Optimized Catheter Valvular Intervention]‐Mitral), data from 2078 patients with MR who underwent transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair were analyzed. The patients were classified into 5 groups: CFS 1 to 3, 4, 5, 6, and ≥7. The procedural and clinical outcomes and post‐MR ≥2+ were compared among the groups. All‐cause mortality for up to 2 years was explored using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Although the rates of acute procedural success and post‐MR ≥2+ were similar, all‐cause mortality at 2 years was significantly increased across the 5 CFS categories (15.5%, 23.8%, 27.7%, 34.6%, and 48.8%, respectively,
P
<0.001). The incremental CFS categories and post‐MR ≥2+ were independent predictive risk factors of all‐cause mortality (all
P
<0.05). Among the patients with 5 CFS categories, the incidence of all‐cause mortality was higher in those with post‐MR ≥2+ than in those without (all
P
<0.05).

Conclusions
Although prognosis was poor in patients with higher CFS grade after transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair, minimizing modifiable factors of residual MR is warranted to improve the clinical outcomes.

Registration Information

URL:
https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi‐open‐bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000027188
;

Unique identifier: UMIN000023653.
Longitudinal Assessment of T1 Mapping Trends Disease in Pediatric Patients With Heart Transplant
Authors: Ceneri Nicolle M. , Vegulla Ravi , Mouzakis Nicholas , Hamann Karin , Richmann Devika , Kanter Joshua , Berger John , Downing Tacy , Loke Yue‐Hin , Staffa Steven J. , Zurakowski David , Cross Russell , Olivieri Laura J. 
Published: October 2024

Background
Surveillance for heart transplant rejection by endomyocardial biopsy is invasive and may yield false negatives. T1 and T2 mapping from cardiac magnetic resonance can demonstrate elevations with rejection. We sought to evaluate longitudinal changes in T1 and T2 mapping in pediatric patients with heart transplant.

Methods and Results
A cohort study was performed of pediatric patients with heart transplant who underwent concurrent endomyocardial biopsy and cardiac magnetic resonance with T1 and T2 mapping from December 2019 to July 2024. Segmental values were measured and subsegmental elevations (ie, hotspots) were identified. Subjects were categorized as either treated rejection or no rejection. Peak and mean T1 and T2 values and number of hotspots at/between each time point for patient dyads were compared between the groups. A total of 21 subjects (7 treated rejection, 14 no rejection) with 68 total encounters met inclusion criteria. Peak and mean T1 values were higher in treated rejection patients during the rejection period and decreased with treatment (peak, 1086 versus 1052; mean, 1028 versus 1021), such that at last follow‐up when their rejection had resolved, there was no significant difference in values when compared with no rejection patients (peak, 1066; mean, 1016). The number of T1 hotspots decreased after rejection treatment (2 versus 1). There were no changes in peak or mean T2 values in the treated rejection group despite treatment, and peak and mean T2 values were similar to patients with no rejection through last follow‐up.

Conclusions
Elevated T1 values and hotspots observed during cardiac allograft rejection decline in response to treatment. Cardiac magnetic resonance may serve as a noninvasive monitoring tool for the development and resolution of rejection, as well as the effectiveness of rejection therapy.
Travel and Hospitality in Josephus’ Representation of the Essene Community (Judean War 2.124–127) and Its Literary and Cultural Contexts
Authors: Glas Eelco , Glass R. Gillian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In his description of the Essenes in the Judean War, Josephus asserts that members of this group settled in many cities, and, in doing so, formed an interregional community with members travelling between and visiting each other in different places. Individual travellers, in turn, travel light because they can enjoy the hospitality of the host community in the cities which they visit (War 2.124–127). How can we explain Josephus’ emphasis on the Essenes as a hospitable community in view of a first-century readership of War and in the wider socio-cultural context of the Roman Mediterranean? This article has two interlocking aims. The first is to examine the emphasis on travel and hospitality in Josephus’ description of the Essenes. To draw out this emphasis, we situate this passage in its wider narrative context and compare it to descriptions of the Essenes in other classical sources, especially the writings of Philo of Alexandria. Our second aim, taking the image of the Essenes as hosts and travellers as a departure point, is to elucidate the cultural constructs undergirding Josephus’ descriptions of hospitality throughout his writings. Starting from the premise that Josephus’ language of guest-friendship would be recognisable to local audiences in and around Rome, we consider how Josephus’ diction of travel and hospitality participates in broader cultural practices.
HIV retesting among people living with HIV in Lesotho in 2022
Authors: Pogue Spencer D , Saito Suzue , Tlhomola Mphotleng , West Christine A , Asiimwe Fred , Ramphalla Puleng , Poirot Eugenie , Steiner Claire , Greenleaf Abigail R 
Published: October 2024

Background Despite widespread HIV testing in sub-Saharan Africa, regular testing among at-risk populations is crucial for effective prevention. However, reports increasingly indicate retesting among people living with HIV (PLHIV), a group that would not require additional testing since they would already have received a confirmed diagnosis. We describe the demographic characteristics of PLHIV retesters in Lesotho, report the average number of HIV tests post-diagnosis among PLHIV, and share motivations for retesting. Methods In August 2022, a nationally representative cohort in Lesotho participated in a cell phone survey about their HIV status and testing history. Study participants were recruited from a face-to-face survey conducted in 2020, Lesotho Population Based HIV Impact Assessment survey. Results Of the 1523 participants called, 1111 participants responded (72.9%) and 266 reported living with HIV. We found 18.8% of people living with HIV (PLHIV) reported retesting at least once for HIV, and 58% of PLHIV who reported retesting were likely or very likely to retest for HIV in the coming year. The main reason PLHIV reported retesting was because a health care worker offered the test (61.7%) followed by self-initiated testing to confirm their status (29.1%). Among male PLHIV who had a history of retesting, 92.0% were very likely or likely to retest, compared to only 30.6% of female PLHIV. Conclusion We found almost a fifth of PLHIV in Lesotho reported a history of retesting for HIV, and 58% of PLHIV were likely or very likely to retest for HIV in the coming year. Educating providers and men living with HIV could reduce retesting among PLHIV.
Study on the Neuroprotective Mechanism of Salidroside Modified with Polydopamine Nanoparticles in Regulating Notch Pathway by Inhibiting Mir-155 in Stroke Rats
Authors: Liu Song , Lv Xiaomeng , Wang Dong 
Published: October 2024

Background and Purpose Stroke threatens neurological function. Salidroside is widely used to treat neurological diseases such as stroke. Previous studies have shown that miR-155 plays an important regulatory role in the pathogenesis of stroke and that the Notch pathway plays an important role in nervous system development and regeneration. Methods PDA NPs-SAL complex was prepared, a stroke rat model was constructed, and the cerebral infarction area of rats was measured. Analyze the changes of PDA NPs-SAL on rat brain tissue and evaluate the neuroprotective effect. Detect the changes in miR-155 and Notch pathway-related proteins in stroke rat models to further understand the role of miR-155 and Notch pathway in the pathogenesis of stroke and their relationship. Results Salidroside had certain protective effects on the nerves of stroke rats, and the effect of PDA NPs-SAL was more prominent. At the same time, PDA NPs-SAL promotes the Notch pathway by inhibiting miR-155, thereby exerting a neuroprotective effect on stroke rats. Conclusion Under the intervention of PDA NPs-SAL, the neurological function scores of rats were reduced, and the effect of PDA NPs-SAL was more significant. In addition, PDA NPs-SAL inhibited miR-155 and activated the Notch pathway, thereby reducing the water content of rat brain tissue and cerebral infarction area, thereby exerting a neuroprotective effect on stroke rats.
Falls and fractures in men with prostate cancer taking second-generation androgen receptor antagonists: A retrospective chart review
Authors: Dennison Morgan , Holle Lisa 
Published: October 2024

Introduction Second-generation androgen receptor antagonists, including enzalutamide, apalutamide, and darolutamide, are commonly used to treat metastatic and non-metastatic prostate cancer. Although these medications are typically well-tolerated, falls were reported in 4.2–15.6% of patients and fractures in 4.2–11.7% of patients enrolled in the phase III clinical trials evaluating these drugs in prostate cancer. However, post-marketing studies have reported a lower incidence than reported in clinical trials. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of falls and fractures in patients with prostate cancer receiving second-generation androgen receptor antagonists at UConn Health and identify potential risk factors associated with falls and fractures in these patients. Methods A retrospective chart review involving patients with prostate cancer treated with darolutamide, enzalutamide, or apalutamide from March 1, 2022, to March 31, 2023, at UConn Health Carole & Ray Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center. Data recorded includes basic demographics, history of fall or fracture, presence of metastases, fall risk, history of osteoporosis, prescribed second-generation androgen receptor antagonist, and other comorbidities. Data was evaluated using descriptive statistics. Results Twenty-six men were included, all of whom were receiving enzalutamide. At baseline, 96.1% of patients had bone metastases, 15.4% had osteoporosis, 15.4% had osteopenia, and 34.6% had neuropathy. The incidence of falls was 19.2% and the incidence of fractures was 26.9%. The mean length of therapy at time of a fall was 19.44 months (range, 6–31 months). The mean length of therapy at time of a fracture was 19 months (range, 1–33 months). In patients experiencing fall, 100% had arthralgia, 60% had neuropathy, 40% had a gait problem, 40% had hypertension, and 80% of them were at risk of fall. In patients experiencing fracture, 28.6% had osteoporosis, 42.9% had osteopenia, 100% had bone metastases, and 57.1% were on denosumab at time of fracture. Conclusion The prevalence of falls and fractures in patients receiving enzalutamide were higher in this retrospective chart review than reported in clinical trials and post-marketing studies. This could be due to the small patient population or the patient's comorbidities such as osteoporosis, bone metastases, or neuropathy. Fall/fracture risk with enzalutamide and other risk factors for fall and fracture should be considered when discussing treatment and developing a monitoring plan.