bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibition on kidney function and structure in high‐fat diet‐induced kidney disease
Authors: Martin Blanche , Caron Nathalie , Jadot Inès , Colombaro Vanessa , Federici Gabrielle , Depommier Clara , Declèves Anne‐Émilie 
Published: September 2017

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
The metabolic pathways regulating the effects of obesity on the kidney remain unknown. We sought to determine whether inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is involved in the underlying mechanisms of high‐fat diet‐induced kidney disease using a specific iNOS inhibitor, N6‐(1‐iminoethyl)‐l‐lysine hydrochloride (L‐NIL).

What is the main finding and its importance?
We did not demonstrate an upregulation of iNOS renal expression after high caloric intake, suggesting that iNOS might not be a crucial player in the development of obesity‐induced kidney disease. Although L‐NIL treatment clearly ameliorated systemic metabolic parameters, the effect on loss of renal function, impairment of tubular integrity, oxidative stress and inflammation appeared to be more moderate.

Central obesity is related to caloric excess, promoting deleterious cellular responses in targeted organs. Nitric oxide (NO) has been determined as a key player in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. Here, we investigated the implication of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in the development of obesity‐induced kidney disease. C57Bl/6 male mice were randomized to a low‐fat diet (LFD) or a high‐fat diet (HFD) and treated with N6‐(1‐iminoethyl)‐l‐lysine hydrochloride (L‐NIL), a specific iNOS inhibitor, for 16 weeks. Mice fed an HFD exhibited a significant increase in body weight, fasting blood glucose and plasma concentrations of non‐esterified fatty acids, triglyceride and insulin. Inhibition of iNOS prevented these changes in mice fed an HFD. Interestingly, the significant increase in albuminuria and mesangial matrix expansion were not ameliorated with L‐NIL, whereas a significant decrease in proteinuria, N‐acetyl‐β‐d‐glucosaminidase excretion and renal triglyceride content were found, suggesting that iNOS inhibition is more suitable for tubular function than glomerular function. The urinary concentration of hydrogen peroxide, a stable product of reactive oxygen species production, that was found to be increased in mice fed an HFD, was significantly reduced with L‐NIL. Finally, despite a moderate effect of L‐NIL on inflammatory processes in the kidney, we demonstrated a positive impact of this treatment on adipocyte hypertrophy and on adipose tissue inflammation. These results suggest that inhibition of iNOS leads to a moderate beneficial effect on kidney function in mice fed an HFD. Further studies are needed for better understanding of the role of iNOS in obesity‐induced kidney disease.
Microbiology Education in Nursing Practice
Authors: Durrant Robert J. , Doig Alexa K. , Buxton Rebecca L. , Fenn JoAnn P. 
Published: September 2017

Nurses must have sufficient education and training in microbiology to perform many roles within clinical nursing practice (e.g., administering antibiotics, collecting specimens, preparing specimens for transport and delivery, educating patients and families, communicating results to the healthcare team, and developing care plans based on results of microbiology studies and patient immunological status). It is unclear whether the current microbiology courses required of nursing students in the United States focus on the topics that are most relevant to nursing practice. To gauge the relevance of current microbiology education to nursing practice, we created a confidential, web-based survey that asked nurses about their past microbiology education, the types of microbiology specimens they collect, their duties that require knowledge of microbiology, and how frequently they encounter infectious diseases in practice. We used the survey responses to develop data-driven recommendations for educators who teach microbiology to pre-nursing and nursing students.
Two hundred ninety-six Registered Nurses (RNs) completed the survey. The topics they deemed most relevant to current practice were infection control, hospital-acquired infections, disease transmission, and collection and handling of patient specimens. Topics deemed least relevant were the Gram stain procedure and microscope use. In addition, RNs expressed little interest in molecular testing methods. This may reflect a gap in their understanding of the uses of these tests, which could be bridged in a microbiology course.
We now have data in support of anecdotal evidence that nurses are most engaged when learning about microbiology topics that have the greatest impact on patient care. Information from this survey will be used to shift the focus of microbiology courses at our university to topics more relevant to nursing practice. Further, these findings may also support an effort to evolve national recommendations for microbiology education in pre-nursing and nursing curricula.
Fat attacks!: a case of fat embolisation syndrome postliposuction
Authors: Ali Adam , Theobald George , Arshad Mohammed Asif 
Published: September 2017

Liposuction is a procedure commonly performed in the UK usually with a low incidence of serious sequelae; however with larger patients and increased volumes of lipoaspirate, complications have been reported more frequently. One of the rare but very serious complications postliposuction is fat embolism syndrome (FES), a life-threatening condition difficult to diagnose and limited in treatment.The authors present the case of a 45-year-old woman who was admitted to the intensive care unit postelective liposuction for bilateral leg lipoedema. She presented with the triad of respiratory failure, cerebral dysfunction and petechial rash requiring a brief period of organ support. This case highlights that with the recent increase in liposuction procedures worldwide, FES is a differential to always consider. Although still a rare condition this article emphasises the importance of thinking outside the box and how to identify and manage such a life-threatening complication.
Low-Dose Aspirin Discontinuation and Risk of Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Sundström Johan , Hedberg Jakob , Thuresson Marcus , Aarskog Pernilla , Johannesen Kasper Munk , Oldgren Jonas 
Published: September 2017

Background:
There are increasing concerns about risks associated with aspirin discontinuation in the absence of major surgery or bleeding. We investigated whether long-term low-dose aspirin discontinuation and treatment gaps increase the risk of cardiovascular events.

Methods:
We performed a cohort study of 601 527 users of low-dose aspirin for primary or secondary prevention in the Swedish prescription register between 2005 and 2009 who were >40 years of age, were free from previous cancer, and had ≥80% adherence during the first observed year of treatment. Cardiovascular events were identified with the Swedish inpatient and cause-of-death registers. The first 3 months after a major bleeding or surgical procedure were excluded from the time at risk.

Results:
During a median of 3.0 years of follow-up, 62 690 cardiovascular events occurred. Patients who discontinued aspirin had a higher rate of cardiovascular events than those who continued (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio, 1.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.34–1.41), corresponding to an additional cardiovascular event observed per year in 1 of every 74 patients who discontinue aspirin. The risk increased shortly after discontinuation and did not appear to diminish over time.

Conclusions:
In long-term users, discontinuation of low-dose aspirin in the absence of major surgery or bleeding was associated with a >30% increased risk of cardiovascular events. Adherence to low-dose aspirin treatment in the absence of major surgery or bleeding is likely an important treatment goal.
Murder, Anger, and Altars
Authors: Goldstone Matthew 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
A question often left unaddressed by scholars is why the Gospel of Matthew employs the specific example of leaving an altar to reconcile with a brother or sister (Matt 5:23-24) in connection with Jesus’ comments on murder, anger and liability for judgement (Matt 5:21-22). In this article the author argues that Exod 21:14 and the earliest rabbinic glosses on this verse offer us insight into the nature of this connection. Both Matt 5:21-24 and the rabbinic understanding of Exod 21:14 include the elements of murder, an underlying emotional drive, interrupting a sacrificial offering, and the Jewish Sanhedrin. The author suggests that these affinities encourage us to include Exod 21:14 and its interpretation in early rabbinic commentaries in future analyses of the first Matthean antithesis.
Philo, Quaestiones et solutiones in Genesin 4.102 and 1 Cor 10:3
Authors: Cook John Granger 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Paul’s assertion that the Hebrews ate spiritual food (manna) in the wilderness should be compared with a neglected text of Philo, qg 4.102, in which he calls the manna “spiritual food.” The Armenian translator probably found an expression closely akin to πνευµατικὸν βρῶµα in Philo.
Young people’s safety beliefs after a spinal cord injury health promotion and awareness presentation
Authors: Watling David P , Bishara Jason D , Zeeman Heidi 
Published: September 2017

Objective: Adolescence is presented as a vulnerable period for accidental injury, particularly spinal cord injury, given young people’s propensity for risky behaviours. School-based health promotion initiatives provide opportunities for education about the risks associated with dangerous behaviours. In this study, we aimed to describe young people’s safety beliefs before and after a school-based spinal cord health promotion and awareness presentation. The effect of selected demographic characteristics on safety beliefs was also examined. Design: A pre–post design was used to record group and time point differences on a range of specific safety beliefs before and after the presentation. Setting and method: The Spinal Education and Awareness Team (SEAT) from Spinal Life Australia conducted a health promotion and awareness presentation with 1,410 students aged 14–19 years across 13 secondary schools in Queensland, Australia. Presentations took place in regional, metropolitan and provincial city schools. A survey assessing basic demographic characteristics and specific risk behaviours was completed by students before and after the presentation. Results: T-tests and chi-square analyses were conducted to examine time point and group differences in relation to the SEAT presentation and to determine relative risks between subgroups of young people. A total of 705 pre-surveys (50%) and 735 post-surveys (52%) were analysed. Overall, reported beliefs were significantly safer post-presentation compared to pre-presentation (all t > 6.93, p < .001). Rural adolescent boys licensed to drive emerged as a particularly risky sub-group and were over three times (odds ratio [OR] = 3.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.34, 8.40) more likely than their metropolitan peers to hold less safe beliefs relating to spinal cord injury. Conclusion: Findings indicated that the health promotion and awareness presentation increased awareness of spinal cord injury risk behaviours overall and improved adolescent-related safety beliefs. Licensed adolescent boys from rural areas reported little change in awareness post-presentation, further highlighting the importance of targeted health promotion initiatives in rural areas. Extended research is required to further explore the belief–behaviour interaction in this at-risk population.
When choosing death is an affirmation of life: A public remembrance of our family’s journey
Authors: Hopkins H. James , Hopkins Karen D. 
Published: September 2017

This article is a theological reflection written four months after the death, at age 80, of Nedra Faye Hathaway, mother to co-author Karen and mother-in-law to co-author Jim. Nedra chose to end her life on October 24, 2016, over a year after being diagnosed with pancreatic cancer, almost eleven months after major surgery to remove her pancreas and four months after learning the cancer was still present even after eighteen chemotherapy treatments. For many years Nedra, an Oregonian, had been a proponent of the right to die with dignity. She had supported Oregon’s approval of “Death with Dignity” law. Different states refer to this as physician-assisted suicide, right to die, or euthanasia. After moving to California to reside with her daughter and son-in-law, Nedra was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer, a diagnosis that eventually led to the conclusion that she had only months to live. After choosing to participate in California’s newly approved End of Life Option Act, Nedra agreed to contribute as part of an educational panel to support the Act. She wowed the participants of the Program. She expressed her strong belief in her right to make end-of-life decisions, appreciation for programs such as the one in which she was participating, her desire to see more states adopt Death with Dignity legislation, and her personal gratitude to each of the professionals who volunteer to support patients who make choices like hers. She also said, “I recognize there is a difference in supporting me in this process and agreeing with me at every turn in the road.” Following her participation on this panel nothing more was said to her by family members, initially uncomfortable with her decision, about taking her end-of-life medication. In the end, on a legal level, the family found that, with Nedra, they supported the adoption of “right-to-die” legislation by additional states. While they do not think that the choice she made will be the best choice for every person and every family, they acknowledge that simply having the right to choose the time and place of her death brought Nedra comfort; simultaneously, the family found themselves hoping they would have the same right regardless of which state they lived in.
An overview of assessment methodology for obesity-related variables in infants at risk
Authors: Dinkel Danae , Hanson Corrine , Koehler Karsten , Berry Ann Anderson , Kyvelidou Anastasia , Bice Matthew , Wallen Jill , Bagenda Danstan , Jana Laura , Pressler Jana 
Published: September 2017

Background: The first 2 years of a child’s life are a particularly critical time period for obesity prevention. Aim: An increasing amount of research across the world is aimed at understanding factors that impact early childhood obesity and developing interventions that target these factors effectively. With this growing interest, new and interdisciplinary research teams are developing to meet this research need. Due to rapid growth velocity during this phase of the lifespan, typical assessments used in older populations may not be valid or applicable in infants, and investigators need to be aware of the pros and cons of specific methodological strategies. Methods: This paper provides an overview of methodology available to assess obesity-related factors in the areas of anthropometry and body composition, nutrient intake, and energy expenditure in infants aged 0–2 years. Results: Gold standard measures for body composition, such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) or other imaging techniques, are costly, require highly trained personnel, and are limited for research application. Nutrient intake methodology primarily includes surveys and questionnaires completed via parent proxy report. In terms of energy expenditure, methods of calorimetry are expensive and may not differentiate between different activities. Questionnaires or physical activity sensors offer another way of energy expenditure assessment. However, questionnaires have a certain recall bias, while the sensors require further validation. Conclusions: Overall, in addition to understanding the pros and cons of each assessment tool, researchers should take into consideration the experience of the interdisciplinary team of investigators, as well as the cost and availability of measures at their institution.
Public Interest and Private Gain in Pakistan
Authors: Ranjan Amit 
Published: September 2017

Despite labels like ‘failed state’ or ‘hub of terror’, Pakistan remains a somehow ‘normal’ postcolonial country. While many problems are shared by such nations, Pakistan’s complex journey into the future needs to be better understood. Among specific problems, militancy and terrorism have been mainly presented as resulting from interventions by external actors, blaming others. However, failures in internal management and (mis)-adventurous foreign policies have also led to turmoil, disrupting domestic economic development and slowing the pace of democratisation. Assessing the scope for future developments in Pakistan, this article argues that presently Pakistan’s power elites are still not fully ready to admit having learnt from the country’s past mistakes, repeating the same to secure proclaimed public interests, at the cost of killing many of their own citizens. Yet, while the overall picture remains one of precarity, there is also considerable progress. The final analysis explores how this precarious re-balancing has been achieved and is being maintained, and what this means for the future of Pakistan and South Asia.
Gymnemic acids lozenge reduces short-term consumption of high-sugar food: A placebo controlled experiment
Authors: Stice Eric , Yokum Sonja , Gau Jeff M 
Published: September 2017

Gymnemic acids (GA) suppress sweet taste and reduce consumption of high-sugar foods (HSF) which has been attributed to the reduction in pleasure. Herein we tested whether GA reduces the desire to eat HSF, before any HSF is tasted post GA dosing, which would implicate another mechanism of action not previously examined. In this double-blind experiment, 67 adults selected a favourite candy, consumed one standardized serving, rated candy pleasantness along with desire for more candy, and were randomly assigned to consume a GA or placebo lozenge. They subsequently completed candy desire ratings and were offered additional candy servings, one at a time. If an offering was accepted, it was consumed, pleasantness and desire ratings were reported, and another serving was offered. The GA lozenge versus the placebo produced a 31% reduction in participants who chose to eat the first candy offering after GA dosing and produced a 44% reduction in total candy intake. GA versus placebo participants who ate at least one optional serving reported reduced candy pleasantness, though reductions in reported desire did not reach significance. The GA lozenge reduced candy consumption and desire for candy, providing novel evidence that blockade of sweet taste receptors reduces desire for sweet food, even before the food is tasted after GA dosing. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02744885
“Thoracic migraine” as a new manifestation of migraine: Case report
Authors: Kraya Torsten , Mages Stephan , Zierz Stephan 
Published: September 2017

Background and objectives Abdominal pain is a well-known headache-associated symptom in migraine in children, but rarely in adults. We describe a case of a female patient with typical accompanying migraine symptoms without headache but with thoracic pain. Case report The present case of a 41 year-old-woman shows recurrent attacks with thoracic pain and typical accompanying migraine symptoms but without headache. Symptoms resolved upon treatment with triptans and beta blockers. Discussion This case might be interpreted as “thoracic migraine”, and extends the spectrum of migraine forms. Conclusion In patients with facial pain secondary to lung cancer, an anatomical connection between the vagal nerve, the nucleus tractus solitarii, the jugular ganglion and trigeminal system has been suggested. The present case might be an analogy to this explanation.
Return to Play and Outcomes in Baseball Players After Superior Labral Anterior-Posterior Repairs
Authors: Gilliam Brad D. , Douglas Lonnie , Fleisig Glenn S. , Aune Kyle T. , Mason Kylie A. , Dugas Jeffrey R. , Cain E. Lyle , Ostrander Roger V. , Andrews James R. 
Published: September 2017

Background: Few studies have documented the outcomes of superior labral anterior-posterior (SLAP) repairs in baseball players. Furthermore, the results of these previous studies varied widely and were based on small numbers of patients. Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose was to report return-to-play (RTP) rates and validated subjective outcome scores for baseball players after SLAP repair. It was hypothesized that RTP rates and outcomes would be significantly different between pitchers and nonpitchers, as well as among baseball levels. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A series of 216 baseball players was identified who had isolated SLAP repair or SLAP repair with debridement of partial-thickness (<25%) rotator cuff tear at our surgical centers. Patients were contacted by phone a minimum of 2 years after surgery and asked questions about their ability to RTP. Patients were also asked questions to complete the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI), Veteran’s RAND 12-Item Health Survey (VR-12), and Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic (KJOC) questionnaires. Statistical equivalence in RTP rate, VR-12, and WOSI scores was determined between players with and without concomitant rotator cuff debridement using 2 one-sided tests and risk difference measures. Differences in RTP were tested among baseball levels (high school, college, professional) and positions (pitcher vs nonpitcher) using chi-square analyses ( P < .05). Differences in outcomes scores were compared using t tests and analyses of variance ( P < .05). Results: Of the 216 baseball players, 133 were reached by phone for follow-up interview (mean, 78 months; range, 27-146 months). Overall, 62% successfully returned to play. There were no differences in RTP rates or subjective outcomes among baseball levels or between procedures. RTP rates were 59% for pitchers and 76% for nonpitchers ( P = .060). Subjectively, the percentage of patients who felt the same or better at follow-up compared to preinjury was significantly higher among nonpitchers (66%) than pitchers (43%). There was no difference in KJOC scores between the pitchers (75.3 ± 19.4) and nonpitchers (76.2 ± 17.4) who successfully returned to play, although these scores were well below the minimum desired score of 90 for healthy baseball players. Conclusion: SLAP repair should continue to be considered as an option for SLAP tear treatment only after nonsurgical management has failed. Some players may be able to return to baseball after SLAP repair, although regaining preinjury health and performance is challenging.