bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brakes and barriers of Corporate Volunteering
Authors: Gómez Santos Pablo , Fernández Fernández José Luis 
Published: September 2017

The objective of this research is to study which are the determinants for the participation of employees in Corporate Volunteer actions -hereafter CV- that can become barriers and brakes, and which ones can mean negative consequences for the company. Ignorance of managers for these programs, about which are those brakes and its relevance, may be behind the low participation fees that companies have in their Corporate Volunteering Programs.For this purpose, we conducted a qualitative empirical study to define a model, based on the motivations and determinants of employee participation in corporate volunteer programs. The methodology that we use in order to advance the understanding of this field is common in the dynamics of so-called Discussion Groups or Focus Group (FG). We believe that this methodological approach fits well with the research question and objectives that guide us in this work, since it will allow the reconstruction of real social situations and to capture the interaction between different discourses.We trust the fact the model proposed really allows advance in knowledge of Corporate Volunteer field, as literature suggested, and we offer a conceptual framework to managers in order to develop CV programs that allows mitigating potential risks and increasing employee participation effectively.
Propuesta metodológica de evaluación del balance social en asociaciones de economía popular y solidaria del Ecuador
Authors: Espin Maldonado William Patricio , Bastidas Aráuz María Belén , Durán Pinos Antonio 
Published: September 2017

La economía popular y solidaria como modelo económico alternativo en el Ecuador se fundamenta en el artículo 283 de la Constitución Política del año 2008. La implementación de este modelo aún es nuevo y requiere de distintos aportes técnicos y metodológicos que promuevan el desarrollo de los sectores económicos agrupados en asociaciones, cooperativas, comunidades y unidades económicas populares. Conocer el impactosocial y económico es fundamental para establecer políticas de fomento a estas formas de organización; en la economía tradicional existe diversidad de metodologías para analizar el impacto de un sector productivo, sinembargo, en la economía popular y solidaria existe un modelo de análisis del balance social al sistema Cooperativista Financiero propuesto por la SEPS mediante la definición de macro dimensiones y dimensiones,sin contar aún con una metodología que permita establecer el balance social en el sistema asociativo.En la presente propuesta se desarrolla un modelo valorativo de análisis de balance social mediante el desarrollo y aplicación de indicadores que influyen las macro dimensiones y dimensiones establecidas por laSuperintendencia, las cuales han sido adaptadas al sistema Asociativo con el propósito de analizar el impacto de este modelo económico solidario. Esta metodología entonces, se convierte en una herramienta práctica para que las asociaciones del sector económico popular y solidario evalúen el cumplimiento de los principios del modelo organizativo.
Rootstock influence on iron uptake responses inCitrusleaves and their regulation under the Fe paradox effect
Authors: Martinez-Cuenca Mary-Rus , Primo-Capella Amparo , Quiñones Ana , Bermejo Almudena , Forner-Giner Maria Angeles 
Published: September 2017

Background and aimsThis work evaluates the regulation of iron uptake responses in Citrus leaves and their involvement in the Fe paradox effect.MethodsExperiments were performed in field-grown ‘Navelina’ trees grafted onto two Cleopatra mandarin ×Poncirus trifoliata(L.) Raf. hybrids with different Fe-chlorosis symptoms: 030146 (non-chlorotic) and 030122 (chlorotic).ResultsChlorotic leaves were smaller than non-chlorotic ones for both dry weight (DW) and area basis, and exhibited marked photosynthetic state affection, but reduced catalase and peroxidase enzymatic activities. Although both samples had a similar total Fe concentration on DW, it was lower in chlorotic leaves when expressed on an area basis. A similar pattern was observed for the total Fe concentration in the apoplast and cell sap and in active Fe (Fe2+) concentration.FRO2gene expression and ferric chelate reductase (FC-R) activity were also lower in chlorotic samples, whileHA1andIRT1were more induced. Despite similar apoplasmic pH, K+/Ca2+was higher in chlorotic leaves, and both citrate and malate concentrations in total tissue and apoplast fluid were lower.Conclusion(1) The rootstock influences Fe acquisition system in the leaf; (2) the increased sensitivity to Fe-deficiency as revealed by chlorosis and decreased biomass, was correlated with lower FC-R activity and lower organic acid level in leaf cells, which could cause a decreased Fe mobility and trigger other Fe-stress responses in this organ to enhance acidification and Fe uptake inside cells; and (3) the chlorosis paradox phenomenon in citrus likely occurs as a combination of a marked FC-R activity impairment in the leaf and the strong growth inhibition in this organ.
Morphological Expressions of Crater Infill Collapse: Model Simulations of Chaotic Terrains on Mars
Authors: Roda Manuel , Marketos George , Westerweel Jan , Govers Rob 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMartian chaotic terrains are characterized by deeply depressed intensively fractured areas that contain a large number of low‐strain tilted blocks. Stronger deformation (e.g., higher number of fractures) is generally observed in the rims when compared to the middle regions of the terrains. The distribution and number of fractures and tilted blocks are correlated with the size of the chaotic terrains. Smaller chaotic terrains are characterized by few fractures between undeformed blocks. Larger terrains show an elevated number of fractures uniformly distributed with single blocks. We investigate whether this surface morphology may be a consequence of the collapse of the infill of a crater. We perform numerical simulations with the Discrete Element Method and we evaluate the distribution of fractures within the crater and the influence of the crater size, infill thickness, and collapsing depth on the final morphology. The comparison between model predictions and the morphology of the Martian chaotic terrains shows strong statistical similarities in terms of both number of fractures and correlation between fractures and crater diameters. No or very weak correlation is observed between fractures and the infill thickness or collapsing depth. The strong correspondence between model results and observations suggests that the collapse of an infill layer within a crater is a viable mechanism for the peculiar morphology of the Martian chaotic terrains.
Capturing the Acoustic Radiation Pattern of Strombolian Eruptions using Infrasound Sensors Aboard a Tethered Aerostat, Yasur Volcano, Vanuatu
Authors: Jolly Arthur D. , Matoza Robin S. , Fee David , Kennedy Ben M. , Iezzi Alexandra M. , Fitzgerald Rebecca H. , Austin Allison C. , Johnson Richard 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe obtained an unprecedented view of the acoustic radiation from persistent strombolian volcanic explosions at Yasur volcano, Vanuatu, from the deployment of infrasound sensors attached to a tethered aerostat. While traditional ground‐based infrasound arrays may sample only a small portion of the eruption pressure wavefield, we were able to densely sample angular ranges of ~200° in azimuth and ~50° in takeoff angle by placing the aerostat at 38 tethered loiter positions around the active vent. The airborne data joined contemporaneously collected ground‐based infrasound and video recordings over the period 29 July to 1 August 2016. We observe a persistent variation in the acoustic radiation pattern with average eastward directed root‐mean‐square pressures more than 2 times larger than in other directions. The observed radiation pattern may be related to both path effects from the crater walls, and source directionality.
Effects of Parameterized Orographic Drag on Weather Forecasting and Simulated Climatology Over East Asia During Boreal Summer
Authors: Choi Hyun‐Joo , Choi Suk‐Jin , Koo Myung‐Seo , Kim Jung‐Eun , Kwon Young Cheol , Hong Song‐You 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe impact of subgrid orographic drag on weather forecasting and simulated climatology over East Asia in boreal summer is examined using two parameterization schemes in a global forecast model. The schemes consider gravity wave drag (GWD) with and without lower‐level wave breaking drag (LLWD) and flow‐blocking drag (FBD). Simulation results from sensitivity experiments verify that the scheme with LLWD and FBD improves the intensity of a summertime continental high over the northern part of the Korean Peninsula, which is exaggerated with GWD only. This is because the enhanced lower tropospheric drag due to the effects of lower‐level wave breaking and flow blocking slows down the wind flowing out of the high‐pressure system in the lower troposphere. It is found that the decreased lower‐level divergence induces a compensating weakening of middle‐ to upper‐level convergence aloft. Extended experiments for medium‐range forecasts for July 2013 and seasonal simulations for June to August of 2013–2015 are also conducted. Statistical skill scores for medium‐range forecasting are improved not only in low‐level winds but also in surface pressure when both LLWD and FBD are considered. A simulated climatology of summertime monsoon circulation in East Asia is also realistically reproduced.
A Mechanistic Model of Waterfall Plunge Pool Erosion into Bedrock
Authors: Scheingross Joel S. , Lamb Michael P. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractLandscapes often respond to changes in climate and tectonics through the formation and upstream propagation of knickzones composed of waterfalls. Little work has been done on the mechanics of waterfall erosion, and instead most landscape‐scale models neglect waterfalls or use rules for river erosion, such as stream power, that may not be applicable to waterfalls. Here we develop a physically based model to predict waterfall plunge pool erosion into rock by abrasion from particle impacts and test the model against flume experiments. Both the model and experiments show that evolving plunge pools have initially high vertical erosion rates due to energetic particle impacts, and erosion slows and eventually ceases as pools deepen and deposition protects the pool floor from further erosion. Lateral erosion can continue after deposition on the pool floor, but it occurs at slow rates that become negligible as pools widen. Our work points to the importance of vertical drilling of successive plunge pools to drive upstream knickzone propagation in homogenous rock, rather than the classic mechanism of headwall undercutting. For a series of vertically drilling waterfalls, we find that upstream knickzone propagation is faster under higher combined water and sediment fluxes and for knickzones composed of many waterfalls that are closely spaced. Our model differs significantly from stream‐power‐based erosion rules in that steeper knickzones can retreat faster or more slowly depending on the number and spacing of waterfalls within a knickzone, which has implications for interpreting climatic and tectonic history through analysis of river longitudinal profiles.
Observation Bias Correction Reveals More Rapidly Draining Lakes on the Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Cooley Sarah W. , Christoffersen Poul 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRapid drainage of supraglacial lakes on the Greenland Ice Sheet enables the establishment of surface‐to‐bed hydrologic connections and subsequent basal water delivery. Estimates of the number and spatial distribution of rapidly draining lakes vary widely, and no study has so far quantified the impact of observation bias due to cloud cover in satellite imagery on reported frequency of rapid lake drainage. To better understand the rapid drainage mechanism, we map and track an average of 515 supraglacial lakes per year in central West Greenland from 2000 to 2015. We test four previously published definitions of rapid lake drainage and find the proportion of rapidly draining lakes to vary from 3% to 38% and to be strongly dependent on observation frequency. We then apply an observation bias correction and test three new drainage criteria, which reveal a bias‐corrected rapid drainage probability of 36–45%. When observation bias is addressed, we can also show that lakes above 1,600 m are as likely to drain rapidly as lakes located at lower elevations. We conclude that inconsistent detection methodologies and observation bias have obscured the true frequency of rapidly draining lakes and that the rapid lake drainage mechanism will establish surface‐to‐bed hydrologic connections at increasing distance from the margin as supraglacial lakes expand inland under climate warming.
Reducing Disparity in Radio‐Isotopic and Astrochronology‐Based Time Scales of the Late Eocene and Oligocene
Authors: Sahy Diana , Condon Daniel J. , Hilgen Frederik J. , Kuiper Klaudia F. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA significant discrepancy of up to 0.6 Myr exists between radio‐isotopically calibrated and astronomically tuned time scales of the late Eocene‐Oligocene. We explore the possible causes of this discrepancy through the acquisition of “high‐precision” 206Pb/238U dating of zircons from 11 volcanic ash beds from the Umbria‐Marche sedimentary succession, which hosts the Global Stratotype Section and Point for the base of the Oligocene. Our results indicate that the four 40Ar/39Ar dates from the Umbria‐Marche succession, which underpin the late Eocene‐Oligocene portion of the Paleogene geomagnetic polarity time scale in the 2012 edition of the Geological Time Scale, are anomalously old by up to 0.5 Myr. Conversely, when integrated with the established magnetic polarity record of the Umbria‐Marche succession, 206Pb/238U (zircon) data from this study result in Oligocene magnetic reversal ages that are generally equivalent to those obtained through the tuning of Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1218 (equatorial Pacific). Furthermore, our results indicate that the late Eocene tuning of ODP Site 1218, and International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Sites U1333–1334 (equatorial Pacific), to the 405 kyr eccentricity signal is accurate, at least back to 36 Ma. Propagating the full uncertainty of our radio‐isotopic data set and, where appropriate, taking into account locally derived astronomical time scales, we arrive at an age of 34.09 ± 0.08 Ma for the Eocene‐Oligocene boundary and 28.11 ± 0.17 Ma for the base of the Chattian.
Pressure‐Temperature‐Deformation‐Time Constraints on the South Tibetan Detachment System in the Garhwal Himalaya (NW India)
Authors: Iaccarino S. , Montomoli C. , Carosi R. , Montemagni C. , Massonne H.‐J. , Langone A. , Jain A. K. , Visonà D. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA peculiar feature of the Himalaya is the occurrence of a system of low‐angle normal faults and shear zones, the South Tibetan Detachment System (STDS), at the mountain crests. The STDS was active during synconvergent tectonics. We describe the STDS‐related sheared rocks along the Dhauli Ganga valley, in the Garhwal Himalaya (NW India), where the Malari granite, reported as an undeformed igneous body crosscutting the STDS, occurs. A detailed multidisciplinary study, integrating field‐based, microstructural, petrographic, and geochronological analyses, was carried out on rocks along this valley. We demonstrate how the noncoaxial ductile portion of the STDS affected the upper part of the Greater Himalaya Sequence migmatite, which experienced peak pressure (P)‐temperature (T) conditions of 0.9–1.1 GPa and ≥750°C at ≥24 Ma. This migmatite has been reworked structurally upward leading to the formation of high‐T sillimanite‐bearing mylonites. Further upward, medium‐T shearing deformed the Malari granite and leucogranite dykes, forming medium‐T mylonites. Ductile shearing was temporally constrained, based on new in situ monazite datings and previously published Ar‐Ar geochronology, between ~20 and 15 Ma. We demonstrate that a preserved ductile to brittle spatial and temporal transition of the STDS deformation exists, with the brittle features overprinting ductile ones. Our data shed new light on the geological evolution of the STDS in the NW Himalaya with implications for the relationship and relative timing of partial melting, granite emplacement, and deformation along low‐angle normal faults.
A Framework for Validation of Remotely Sensed Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Based on the Budyko Hypothesis
Authors: Koppa Akash , Gebremichael Mekonnen 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDespite offering spatially and temporally continuous measurements, the use of remotely sensed P and E in data‐scarce catchments is hindered by the lack of ground‐based measurements that enable comprehensive validation. This study proposes a novel validation framework that characterizes the combined error in the long‐term average estimates of remotely sensed P and E by making use of the Budyko hypothesis, specifically Fu's equation. A Root Mean Square Error (RMSE)‐based error metric that is capable of translating individual biases in P and E estimates onto the Budyko space is developed. A controlled sensitivity experiment using data from Model Parameter Estimation Experiment (MOPEX) catchments in the United States showed that the developed error metric is more sensitive to biases in P compared to biases in estimates of E. Validating the framework using combinations of different satellite‐based estimates of P and E revealed that the framework succeeds in arriving at the same conclusions as a traditional validation method with regards to the quality of P and E data sets. The framework offers a physically consistent, parametrically efficient basis for the selection of remotely sensed P and E data sets for hydrologic studies. Due to lack of consideration for catchment storage in the formulation of Fu's equation, the developed error metric is limited to long temporal time scales. As a result, the error metric is capable of characterizing the bias in P and E data sets and not the variance.
Adaptive variable universe of discourse fuzzy control for a class of nonlinear systems with unknown dead zones
Authors: Wang Rui , Liu Yan‐Jun , Yu Fu‐Sheng , Wang Jia‐Yin , Yang Jin‐Lin 
Published: September 2017

SummaryIn this paper, based on an adaptive nonbackstepping design algorithm, we proposed a novel variable universe of discourse fuzzy control (VUDFC) approach for a class of single‐input–single‐output strict‐feedback nonlinear systems with unknown dead‐zone inputs. Firstly, we convert the form of system into a normal form on the basis of some new state variables and coordinate transformation; at the same time, state‐feedback control is changed to output‐feedback control. Secondly, we design observers to estimate the new unmeasurable states. Then, different from considering the traditional backstepping‐based fuzzy control scheme, we introduce a direct VUDFC scheme, which is mainly based on changing of contraction‐expansion factors to modify the universe of discourse online, and fuzzy rules can automatically reproduce to develop the control performance; thus, the size of initial rule base is greatly reduced. This new algorithm can alleviate tracking error, improve the accuracy of the system, and strengthen robustness. Lastly, according to Lyapunov theorem analysis, we prove that all the signals in the closed‐loop system can be guaranteed to be stable, and the output can track the reference signal very well. Simulation results illustrated the effectiveness of the proposed VUDFC approach.
Controlling Coffee Ring Formation during Drying of Inkjet Printed 2D Inks
Authors: He Pei , Derby Brian 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe morphology of drops of graphene oxide (GO) inks produced by inkjet printing shows a distinctive coffee ring after drying when the mean diameter of the GO is below a critical size. Inks with larger diameter flakes do not show a coffee ring and the transition mean flake diameter decreases as the substrate temperature increases and when the printed drop size decreases. This behavior can be predicted with a model that compares the characteristic time for the agglomeration of high aspect ratio particles in suspension with the time scale for an evaporating liquid drop to begin receding during the drying process. The model is shown to accurately describe the transition from a coffee ring to a uniform dried deposit using a range of GO inks with mean flake size in the range 0.68–35.9 µm, drying temperatures of 20–60 °C, and drop sizes with contact diameter ranging from 30 to 800 µm.
Unravelling Degradation Pathways of Oxide‐Supported Pt Fuel Cell Nanocatalysts under In Situ Operating Conditions
Authors: Schmies Henrike , Bergmann Arno , Drnec Jakub , Wang Guanxiong , Teschner Detre , Kühl Stefanie , Sandbeck Daniel J. S. , Cherevko Serhiy , Gocyla Martin , Shviro Meital , Heggen Marc , Ramani Vijay , Dunin‐Borkowski Rafal E. , Mayrhofer Karl J. J. , Strasser Peter 
Published: September 2017

AbstractKnowledge of degradation pathways of catalyst/support ensembles aids the development of rational strategies to improve their stability. Here, this is exemplified using indium tin oxide (ITO)‐supported Platinum nanoparticles as electrocatalysts at fuel cell (FC) cathodes under degradation protocols to mimic operating conditions in two potential regimes. The evolution of crystal structure, composition, crystallite and particle size is tracked by in situ X‐ray techniques (small and wide angle scattering), metal dissolution by in situ scanning flow cell coupled with mass spectrometry (SFC ICP‐MS) and Pt surface morphology by advanced electron microscopy. In a regular FC operation regime, Pt poisoning rather than Pt particle growth, agglomeration, dissolution or detachment was found to be the likely origin of the observed degradation and ORR activity losses. In the start‐up regime degradation is actually suppressed and only minor losses in catalytic activity are observed. The presented data thus highlight the excellent nanoparticle stabilization and corrosion resistance of the ITO support, yet point to a degradation pathway involving Pt surface modifications by deposition of sub‐monolayers of support metal ions. The identified degradation pathway of the Pt/oxide catalyst/support couple contributes to our understanding of cathode electrocatalysts for polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC).