bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critiques to the Nation-State Model: Representing Muslim and Islamism in the Post-colonial Era
Authors: Ramadhan Jelang , Ulum Miftahul , Normuslim Normuslim 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Indo-Pacific, connected by water and the strait of Malacca, is home to great civilizations encompassed Africa, Asia and the Archipelagos in between. Nevertheless, Western civilization intervened and strongly influenced the societies when the era of colonialism begun. Hence, the societies are disrupted, and nation-states are created imitating what European colonial powers conveyed, especially one of the indigenous and most prominent civilizations such as Islam. Along with the rise of the Muslim population in the Indo-Pacific, Islam, as one of the remaining civilizations and Muslim society (ummah), has to strive in its native land to keep the rights upheld. This paper will examine the problematical condition that occurred after decolonization in Indo-Pacific or Global South, which ummah faced in the nation-state model and being a minority at the same time. The qualitative design will be utilized as the methodology with critical interpretative method which will be written inductively. It intends to answer the rise of ummah that contributes to globalizing International Relations (ir) by providing an alternative international system in the post-colonial era that was previously shaped by Euro-American centrism. The paper will also emphasize the history of Asia as a significant momentum in ir discipline, and as an attempt to criticize the Euro-American centric model during the colonialism era in Global South societies by exhibiting examples in ummah condition who struggle within its nation-state in post-colonial era due to the absence of mutual understanding and the perpetuation of ethnopolitical conflict as the legacy of Western colonialism and imperialism.
Effective Benchmarks for Optical Turbulence Modeling
Authors: Jellen Christopher , Nelson Charles , Brownell Cody , Burkhardt John 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Optical turbulence poses a significant challenge for communication, directed energy, and imaging systems, particularly in the atmospheric boundary layer. Effective modeling of optical turbulence is crucial for the development and deployment of these systems, yet the lack of standardized evaluation tools and benchmark datasets hinders the development and adoption of machine learning to address these challenges. We introduce the otbench Python package, a comprehensive framework for rigorous development and evaluation of optical turbulence strength prediction models. This package provides a consistent interface for testing models across diverse datasets and tasks, including a novel, long-term dataset collected over 2 years at the United States Naval Academy. The otbench Python package incorporates a range of baseline models (statistical, data-driven, and deep learning), enabling researchers to assess the relative quality of their approaches and identify areas for improvement. Our analysis reveals the applicability of various models across different environments, highlighting the importance of long-term datasets for robust model evaluation. By promoting standardized benchmarking and facilitating model comparison, otbench empowers researchers to accelerate the adoption of machine learning techniques for optical turbulence modeling.

Significance Statement
The accurate prediction and forecasting of optical turbulence are vital for the successful operation of laser-based systems in operational environments. However, the lack of standardized benchmark datasets and evaluation tools has hindered progress in this field, particularly in the application of advanced machine learning techniques. The otbench Python package addresses this critical gap by providing a comprehensive framework for developing, evaluating, and comparing optical turbulence models. By incorporating a novel, long-term dataset and a range of baseline models, otbench enables rigorous model assessment and facilitates the development of next-generation machine learning solutions that can significantly enhance the performance and reliability of laser-based systems in real-world conditions. This package not only contributes to the scientific understanding of optical turbulence but also holds significant potential to drive innovation in the design and optimization of machine learning applications in laser-based technologies across various domains, including communication, directed energy, and imaging.
Troubling understandings of childhood competence in research ethics governance processes: Implications for research with children and their families
Authors: Twum-Danso Imoh Afua 
Published: September 2024

2024 marked the centenary of the 1924 Declaration on the Rights of the Child. The adoption of this declaration by the League of Nations provided the launching pad for the establishment of a global children’s rights movement which resulted in foregrounding children’s wellbeing at key global fora during the 20th century. While the concept of children’s rights has expanded in the 100 years since the adoption of the declaration, some of the key tenets of the conceptualisation of children’s rights within this declaration remain evident in dominant children’s rights discourses today. Specifically, there remains a clear distinction between children and adults which situates the state of adulthood as being everything that those within the childhood phase of life lack – autonomy, maturity, competence, and knowledge of the world. These systems are not only evident in educational settings and the approaches adopted by governmental and non-governmental agencies (national and international); they are also identifiable within the higher education sector, most notably in Western Europe and North America, through, for instance, ethics governance procedures or procedural ethics frameworks which are best characterised by research ethics committees/IRBs. The inclusion of such a vision of childhood in university ethics regimes which, then, informs ethical standards that need to be met by researchers seeking to undertake research with children is problematic because not all cultures, including some within Western European and North American contexts, make the same distinctions between the state of adulthood and the state of childhood and consequently, they do not automatically associate incompetence, immaturity and dependency with childhood. This raises more, not less, issues. Therefore, this paper seeks to explore the linkage between dominant children’s rights discourses and procedural ethics frameworks and problematise their understanding of childhood, especially concerning the concept of competence, in contexts where other conceptualisations of childhood exist.
Evolving Legal Issues and Title IX
Authors: Eckes Suzanne , Berlin Lois 
Published: September 2024

Background: Each year, several lawsuits are filed that involve peer-to-peer harassment in K–12 schools. It is important for school personnel to understand their legal obligations surrounding this issue. We highlight some recent developments in both case law and federal guidance related to peer harassment. Purpose: Students have alleged that school officials violate Title IX when they fail to appropriately respond to known acts of peer-to-peer sexual harassment at school. After providing some context, we briefly examine a case involving a victim of alleged sexual assault in a K–12 school who was disciplined by school officials for reporting sexual misconduct. We conclude with a discussion on the recent amendments to the Title IX regulations and how these new amendments could impact similar cases in the future. Research Design: Using legal research techniques, we explore illustrative case law in this area and also highlight some considerations from the recently amended Title IX regulations. Recommendations: Under Title IX and its amended regulations, school districts are tasked with creating educational environments that are free from discrimination based on sex. We offer five recommendations for school officials as they relate to this issue. These recommendations highlight recent amendments to the Title IX regulations.
Text-based multidimensional financial constraints and earnings management behaviour
Authors: Banerjee Pradip 
Published: September 2024

Using unidimensional accounting-based measures of financial constraints, prior literature finds that constrained firms engage in significantly higher accrual earnings management. We argue that a firm may face different degrees of financial constraints in the equity and debt market, which cannot be captured through unidimensional measures. We examine this association using a novel multi-dimensional text-based measure of equity and debt market constraints. Considering 46,149 firm-year observations (7096 unique firms) of US-listed firms over the period 1997–2015, we find the relationship between equity-constraint (debt-constraint) and earnings management is positive (negative), respectively. Furthermore, we show how investment growth opportunity moderates this relationship and how firm’s cash holdings, life cycle stage, and R&D intensity influence this relationship. Our results remain robust with, alternative specifications of earnings management and endogeneity concerns. JEL Classification: G31, G32, G34, M41
Dynamic Testing of Instructional Needs: A Training-Only Graduated Prompts Approach
Authors: Veerbeek Jochanan , Vogelaar Bart 
Published: September 2024

Dynamic testing, though underutilized, holds potential for assessing learning and instructional needs. However, its limited adoption is often attributed to the perceived time and labor-intensive nature of its administration. This study explores the viability of a training-only dynamic test (ToDT) with a standardized procedure to identify instructional needs in school children. The study involved 66 fourth and fifth-grade students ( M age = 10.89 years, SD = 0.53) and analyzed the relations between ToDT scores (number and type of hints), teachers’ estimations of instructional needs, and standardized math and reading scores. Results revealed moderate to strong correlations between ToDT scores, teachers’ estimations, and standardized scores. Additionally, children with different classifications based on ToDT scores differed in their instructional needs and standardized test scores. This study not only underscores the potential of the training-only dynamic test (ToDT) in gauging instructional needs, but also revealed distinct needs and outcomes based on their ToDT scores.
Joint HIV and hepatitis C virus phylogenetic analyses signal network overlap among women engaged in sex work and men who purchase sex
Authors: Melnychuk Stephanie , Balakireva Olga , Pavlova Daria , Lopatenko Anna , McClarty Leigh M , Lazarus Lisa , Herpai Nicole , Pickles Michael , Mishra Sharmistha , Becker Marissa L , Sandstrom Paul , Cholette François ,   on behalf of the Dynamics study team
Published: September 2024

Background Transmission of HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are heavily influenced by complex interactions within sexual or injecting networks where risk behaviors occur. In Ukraine, women engaged in sex work (WSW) and men who purchase sex (MWPS) are disproportionately affected by both viruses. The aim of our study was to the investigate the influence of underlying networks on transmission of HIV and HCV. Methods A cross-sectional integrated bio-behavioural survey was implemented among 560 WSW and 370 MWPS representative of sex work hotspots in Dnipro, Ukraine (December 2017 to March 2018). A portion of the HIV reverse transcriptase gene ( n = 13; 62% WSW, 38% MWPS) and HCV NS5B gene ( n = 46; 70% WSW, 30% MWPS) were sequenced from dried blood spot specimens. Tip-to-tip distances on phylogenetic trees were used to infer phylogenetic clusters for identifying potential transmission clusters. Results Phylogenetic analyses identified two HIV clusters containing four sequences (50% WSW; 50% MWPS) and 11 HCV clusters containing 31 sequences – the majority comprising infections in WSW (83.9%). Nearly half (45.4%) of HCV clusters contained at least one WSW with a history of injecting drugs. Conclusions Joint analyses of HIV and HCV signal overlap in sex work and injecting networks in Ukraine, suggesting implications for the comprehensive coverage of prevention programs for WSW including harm reduction services. Conducting phylogenetic analyses with HCV may provide a more complete appraisal of underlying transmission networks than HIV alone, particularly in the context of high HIV treatment coverage yielding viral suppression.
Subchronic oral toxicity assessment of Bacillus velezensis strain BV379 in sprague-dawley rats
Authors: Bauter Mark R. , Brutscher Laura M. , Dolan Laurie C. , Spears Jessica L. 
Published: September 2024

Introduction The spore-forming bacterial species Bacillus velezensis is commonly utilized in feed for livestock and aquaculture. In recent years, there has been increased interest in introducing B. velezensis into human supplements and food. Before it can be safely administered in humans, the safety of each B. velezensis strain needs to be established. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vivo safety of Bacillus velezensis strain BV379 by high-dose oral administration to rats in a 28-day subchronic toxicity study. Methods In this study, 80 animals were assigned to four groups: vehicle control, 1 × 1010, 4 × 1010, or 10 × 1010 CFU/kg bw/day by gavage. The following toxicological assessments were performed: ophthalmological examinations; observations for viability, signs of gross toxicity, and behavioral changes; in-life parameters, including body weight and food consumption; urinalysis, hematology, clinical chemistry, and coagulation assessments; macroscopic and microscopic tissue assessments; and bacterial enumeration in selected tissues. Results Under the conditions of this study, no adverse clinical endpoints were attributed to the administration of Bacillus velezensis strain BV379, which was well-tolerated up to the highest dose of 10 × 1010 CFU/kg bw/day. Conclusion These results support the in vivo pre-clinical safety of Bacillus velezensis strain BV379 for use in food and supplements.
Anomalous Diffusion of a Penetrant in a Viscoelastic Polymer: Modelling and Testing
Authors: Roy S. , Xu W.Q. , Park S. J. , Liechti K.M. 
Published: September 2024

It is now well known that Fick's Law is frequently inadequate for describing penetrant diffusion in polymers or polymer composites. Non-Fickian or anomalous diffusion typically occurs when the rates of diffusion and viscoelastic relaxation in a polymer are comparable, and the ambient temperature is below the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer. As a result, it is necessary to take into account the time-dependent response of a polymer, analogous to viscoelastic relaxation of mechanical properties, in constructing such a model. In this paper, a simple yet robust methodology is proposed that would allow characterization of non-Fickian diffusion coefficients from penetrant weight gain data for a polymer below its Tg. Reduced absorption plots are used to verify the thickness independence of the diffusivity data. Subsequently, these diffusion coefficients are used for predicting penetrant concentration profiles through the thickness of a polymer. Penetrant weight gain data at different temperatures for an epoxy and a urethane adhesive specimen is employed to test the model.
The Impact of Extensive Surgical Resection of Butterfly Glioblastomas on Outcomes in the Presence of TERT Mutation and EGFR Amplification: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Hekimoglu Mehdi , Basak Ahmet Tulgar , Akgun Mehmet Yigit , Ozer Hıdır , Ozgen Utku , Maleki Raha , Saban Dina , Oktenoğlu Tunc , Ozer Ali Fahir , Sasani Mehdi 
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives This study aimed to assess if extensive surgical resection enhances outcomes in wild-type Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) butterfly glioblastoma (B-GBM) patients, despite the presence of Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT) mutation and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) amplification. Methods The study, retrospectively conducted from 2014 to 2022, involved 723 GBM patients, 41 of whom met the criteria for IDH wild-type B-GBM. Exclusion criteria comprised prior diagnoses or treatments for low-grade glial tumors. Surgeons, employing two approaches—partial and extensive surgery—categorized patients based on age, sex, tumor location, corpus callosum involvement, and genetic characteristics. The interval between initial surgery and tumor recurrence/tumor-free period (TR/TFP) and overall survival (OS) were recorded and compared between the partial and extensive resection groups, analyzing the impact of resection width on TR/TFP and OS. Preoperative assessments utilized thin-section cranial computed tomography (CT) and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Intraoperatively, tumor excision was guided by sodium fluorescein, and margins were delineated via neuronavigation. Genetic alterations (TERT mutations and EGFR amplifications) were correlated with surgical type, TR/TFP, and OS. Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) evaluations were performed pre- and post-operatively and at key intervals, comparing outcomes between surgical groups. Standard radiotherapy and chemotherapy regimens were administered to all patients. Results Extensive resection yielded significantly longer TR/TFP compared to partial resection, despite TERT gene mutation and EGFR amplification being linked to shorter TR/TFP and OS. Its impact on OS, however, was not significant. KPS scores indicated a superior quality of life after extensive resection, with sustained improvement upon recurrence. Conclusions Extensive resection of B-GBM, even in the presence of adverse genetic alterations, may prolong TR/TFP, offering patients a period of improved comfort with minimal distress.
Emergency Medical Care Provided by North Shore Rescue Advanced Medical Providers
Authors: Wynne Foster T. , Turnock Matthew , Crickmer Michael , Ritchie Alec H. 
Published: September 2024

Introduction The North Shore Rescue (NSR) Advanced Medical Provider (AMP) program is composed of physicians and nurses based in North Vancouver who attend high acuity medical search and rescue (SAR) callouts in British Columbia, Canada. This study aimed to analyze the medical care provided by AMPs with appropriate comparisons to non-AMP callouts. Methods A retrospective review of all NSR callouts from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2022, was conducted. The analysis included AMP involvement, rescue logistics, subject demographics, activity, primary cause, provisional diagnosis, treatments, medical decision-making, and extraction means. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) scores were assigned by physicians to evaluate medical acuity as well as under-triage and over-triage. Results Of the 767 NSR callouts over the 5-year span, 283 (37%) were medical, and of these, 35% ( n = 99) involved AMPs. Seventy-five percent of AMP rescues involved traumatic injuries, and 31% involved nontraumatic medical illnesses. The mean NACA score for AMP callouts was significantly higher than non-AMP callouts (3.1 ± 1.3 vs 1.9 ± 1.3, p < .00001). Medications were administered in 40% of AMP rescues, procedures were performed in 54%, and 37% involved advanced medical decision-making. Over-triage occurred in 33% of AMP callouts, with under-triage in 10%. Conclusions The AMP program provides a useful service when advanced medical care in wilderness environments is needed. AMPs coordinate appropriate medical response and ensure safe, comfortable, and efficient transport to definitive care. The NSR AMP program may act as a model for the development of similar programs by other SAR teams.
Full thickness macular hole after intravitreal brolucizumab injection in neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Lee Sang Hyeok , Lee Mee Yon 
Published: September 2024

Purpose To describe a case of full thickness macular hole after intravitreal brolucizumab injection in neovascular age-related macular degeneration, which has not been reported to date. Case description A 65-year-old male patient received brolucizumab intravitreal injection therapy for neovascular macular degeneration of the right eye. He received multiple intravitreal anti-VEGF injections on a pro re nata regimen and developed a full thickness macular hole. Outcome Surgical treatment was performed with pars plana vitrectomy of the right eye. Full thickness macular hole was successfully treated. Conclusion Although a full thickness macular hole following intravitreal brolucizumab injection is an uncommon complication, it requires caution.
Feasibility of totally implantable venous access ports in the upper arm for patients with head and neck cancer in the modern era of chemotherapy
Authors: Ikeda Masakazu , Matsuzuka Takashi , Kakamu Takeyasu , Nakaegawa Yuta , Kawase Tomotaka , Saito Yukiko , Kubota Satoshi , Imaizumi Mitsuyoshi , Murono Shigeyuki 
Published: September 2024

Backgrounds: With recent developments in chemotherapy, the prognosis of head and neck cancer patients has been prolonged, and it is expected that totally implantable venous access devices will be developed for use as feasible and safe chemotherapy routes. We investigated the feasibility of implanting totally implantable venous access ports in the upper arms of head and neck cancer patients in this modern era of chemotherapy. Methods: Relevant data of a cohort of 210 patients with head and neck cancer who had had totally implantable venous access devices implanted between January 2013 and December 2022 were investigated retrospectively. The totally implantable venous access ports were used for chemoradiotherapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and palliative treatment. Adverse events related to totally implantable venous access devices were investigated and the associated variables subjected to statistical analysis. Results: There were 22 (10.5%) adverse events, representing 0.201 adverse events per 1000 catheter days. Non-ultrasound-guided puncture ( p = 0.015) and forearm implantation ( p = 0.005) were associated with higher risk of adverse events according to univariate analysis. According to multiple logistic analysis, non-ultrasound-guided puncture was significantly associated with age and sex (OR = 2.89; 95% CI, 1.14, 7.36; p = 0.026). Conclusion: Peripherally implanted totally implantable venous access devices in the upper arm are feasible and safe for head and neck cancer patients. Ultrasound-guided implantation of totally implantable venous access ports into the upper arms of head and neck cancer patients may reduce the adverse event rate.