bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MODIFICATION OF ADJUSTABLE MACULAR BUCKLING WITH 29-G CHANDELIER LIGHT FOR OPTIMAL POSITIONING IN HIGHLY MYOPIC EYES WITH MACULAR HOLE
Authors: Forlini Matteo , Szkaradek Małgorzata , Rejdak Robert , Bratu Adriana , Rossini Paolo , D'Eliseo Domenico , Forlini Cesare , Cavallini Gian Maria 
Published: July 2016

Purpose:
To evaluate the efficacy of the modification of Adjustable Macular Buckling device in the treatment of myopic macular hole retinal detachment with posterior staphyloma.

Methods:
Four consecutive patients suffering from myopic macular detachment with macular hole were treated using the macular buckling procedure. An Adjustable Macular Buckling device was used in all four cases and was modified using a 29-gauge optical fiber to illuminate its macular plate.

Results:
Optical coherence tomography showed successful retinal reattachment and closure of the macular hole after the buckling procedure. The macular plate of the buckling device was properly positioned in all four patients. No complications were observed.

Conclusion:
The modification of the macular buckling device improves the accuracy of its positioning by illuminating its macular plate.
Caruncular and Pericaruncular Sebaceous Gland Hyperplasia: A Report of 2 Cases and Literature Review
Authors: Ogawa Mamoru , Shinzawa Megumi , Dogru Murat , Miyauchi Jun , Tanaka Yoichi , Ogawa Yoko , Obata Hiroto , Tsubota Kazuo , Shimazaki Jun 
Published: July 2016

Purpose:
To report the clinical and histopathological features of two patients with caruncular and pericaruncular sebaceous gland hyperplasia (SGH) with a literature review.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective pathology database search of 1195 ophthalmic specimens receiving the clinical diagnosis of SGH for caruncular/pericaruncular lesions during 2004 to 2014 at Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa General Hospital. Paraffin sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. A retrospective patient record and literature review was also performed.

Results:
Database search disclosed 2 male patients with SGH of 1195 specimens (0.15%). Pathological specimens revealed neither any cellular/nuclear atypia nor any mitotic figures and invasive features. No recurrences were observed in these 2 cases 12 to 18 months after excision.

Conclusions:
Caruncle and pericaruncular SGH is an uncommon lesion which needs careful histopathological evaluation for differentiation especially from caruncular neoplasias.
The Feasibility of Using Facebook, Craigslist, and Other Online Strategies to Recruit Young African American Women for a Web-Based Healthy Lifestyle Behavior Change Intervention
Authors: Staffileno Beth A. , Zschunke Jessica , Weber Mallery , Gross Lauren E. , Fogg Louis , Tangney Christy C. 
Published: July 2016

Background:
Reports describing successful recruiting of minority participants are available; however, they focus largely on traditional strategies. Internet and mobile devices are widely used, providing alternative approaches, yet less information is available describing the success of these approaches.

Objective:
This article (1) evaluates the feasibility of using online advertising as a recruiting modality for a healthy lifestyle behavior change intervention targeting young African American women and (2) describes lessons learned to better inform researchers for future directions.

Methods:
African American women, aged 18 to 45 years, with untreated prehypertension and Internet access were eligible for a 12-week randomized study providing physical activity or nutrition behavior change education delivered via online modules. Traditional strategies included flyers, tabletop cards, blood pressure screenings, health fairs, and clinics. Online-related strategies included posting ads on Facebook, Craigslist, and on the university Web site, intranet, and “on-hold” telephone line. Descriptive statistics were used to identify frequency of recruitment strategies. χ
2 Analysis was used to assess differences between enrolled and nonenrolled inquiries.

Results:
Among all 176 inquiries, the most frequented strategies were the university Web site (44%), blood pressure screenings (15%), Facebook/Craigslist (13%), and clinics (12%). Enrollment rates differed across recruitment strategies (χ
2
P = .046). The 3 highest enrollment rates were (1) employee in-services (100%), (2) flyers/tabletop cards (31.6%), and (3) word of mouth/physician referral (25%).

Conclusion:
Online-related strategies are convenient and have great potential for reaching large numbers of people. However, the actual rate of participants successfully enrolled online was proportionally smaller when compared with traditional recruiting strategies.
Connecting Hispanic Women in Baltimore to the Mercy Medical Center Sexual Assault Forensic Examiners/Forensic Nurse Examiners Program: A Preliminary Assessment of Service Utilization and Community Awareness
Authors: Adams Margaret , Fitzgerald Sheila , Holbrook Debra 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Sexual violence and gender-based violence represent a major public health problem causing significant negative mental, physical, and social outcomes for victims. The rapidly growing population of Hispanic women in Baltimore are both more vulnerable to sexual assault and less able to access postassault services. In an effort to assess service utilization and community awareness of the Mercy Medical Center Sexual Assault Forensic Examiners/Forensic Nurse Examiners Program, we conducted a retrospective chart review of 2,322 women who were seen by the program between 2010 and 2013 and found that only 2.5% of the women were identified as Hispanic, about half of what Baltimore City demographic data would predict. This exploratory pilot project, augmented by key informant interviews, reveals that Hispanic women are underutilizing sexual assault services. Multiple barriers exist for Hispanic women in obtaining victim services, including lack of awareness within the community that the services exist, cultural factors, language barriers, lack of awareness of legal rights, and a fear of deportation.
The interaction between thyroid and kidney disease: an overview of the evidence
Authors: Rhee Connie M. 
Published: July 2016

Purpose of review
Hypothyroidism is highly prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, including those receiving dialysis. This review examines potential mechanistic links between thyroid and kidney disease; current evidence for hypothyroidism as a risk factor for de novo CKD and CKD progression; and studies of thyroid functional disorders, cardiovascular disease, and death in the CKD population.

Recent findings
Epidemiologic data have demonstrated an incrementally higher prevalence of hypothyroidism with increasing severity of kidney dysfunction. Various thyroid functional test abnormalities are also commonly observed in CKD due to alterations in thyroid hormone synthesis, metabolism, and regulation. Although the mechanistic link between thyroid and kidney disease remains unclear, observational studies suggest that hypothyroidism is associated with abnormal kidney structure and function. Previously thought to be a physiologic adaptation, recent studies show that hypothyroidism is associated with higher risk of cardiovascular disease and death in CKD.

Summary
A growing body of evidence suggests that hypothyroidism is a risk factor for incident CKD, CKD progression, and higher death risk in kidney disease patients. Rigorous studies are needed to determine the impact of thyroid hormone replacement upon kidney disease progression, cardiovascular disease, and mortality, which may shed light onto the causal implications of hypothyroidism in CKD.
Trends in Syphilis Partner Notification Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men who Have Sex With Men in British Columbia, 2010 to 2013
Authors: Deonarine Andrew , Ogilvie Gina , Montgomery Carolyn , Makaroff Sylvia , Holgerson Natalie , Grennan Troy , Gilbert Mark , Wong Jason 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Chart reviews of 350 randomly sampled syphilis cases of men who had sex with men in British Columbia from 2010 to 2013 revealed no change in the median number of partners per case, and an increasing proportion of partners notified by cases but fewer partners were known to be tested for syphilis.
Understanding and Treating Myopia: What More We Need to Know and Future Research Priorities
Authors: McFadden Sally A. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Tantalizing treatment options to limit further global increases in the prevalence of myopia are emerging. However, to design more effective interventions, we still need to learn more about the underlying causes of myopia and the associated biological changes. Based on the outcomes of the 2015 International Myopia Conference, this short article summarizes what more we still need to discover and suggests possible priorities for future research.
A More Rapid, Rapid Response
Authors: Robison Justin , Slamon Nicholas B. 
Published: July 2016

Objectives:
Critical care physicians’ standard for arrival to a rapid response team activation is 10 minutes or less at this institution. This study proposes that a FaceTime (Apple, Cupertino, CA) video call between the staff at the bedside and the critical care physician will allow the implementation of potentially life-saving therapies earlier than the current average response (4.5 min).

Design:
Prospective cohort study.

Setting:
Freestanding, tertiary-care children’s hospital.

Patients:
Pediatric patients ages 0-17.

Interventions:
Six units were chosen as matched pairs. In the telemedicine units, after notification of an rapid response team, the critical care intensivist established a FaceTime video call with the nurse at the bedside and gathered history, visually assessed the patient, and suggested interventions. Simultaneously, the rapid response nurse, respiratory therapist, and fellow were dispatched to respond to the bedside. After the video call, the intensivist also reported to the bedside. The control units followed the standard rapid response team protocol: the intensivist physically responded to the bedside. Differences in response time, number of interventions, Pediatric Early Warning System scores, and disposition were measured, and the PICU course of those transferred was evaluated.

Measurements and Main Results:
The telemedicine group’s average time to establish FaceTime interface was 2.6 minutes and arrival at bedside was 3.7 minutes. The control group average arrival time was 3.6 minutes. The difference between FaceTime interface and physical arrival in the control group was statistically significant (p = 0.012). Physical arrival times between the telemedicine and control groups remained consistent. Fifty-eight percent of the telemedicine patients and 73% of the control patients were admitted to the PICU (p = 0.13). Of patients transferred to the PICU, there was no difference in rate of intubation, initiation of bilevel positive airway pressure, central line placement, or vasopressors. The study group averaged 1.4 interventions and a Pediatric Early Warning Signs score of 3.6. The control group averaged 1.9 interventions and a Pediatric Early Warning Signs score of 3.1 (p = not significant).

Conclusion:
FaceTime allowed the intensivist to become involved earlier and provide immediate guidance to the inpatient care teams. However, it did not clinically alter the patient course. Further study is necessary.
A Randomized Evaluation of a Demand Creation Lottery for Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Among Adults in Tanzania
Authors: Bazant Eva , Mahler Hally , Machaku Michael , Lemwayi Ruth , Kulindwa Yusuph , Gisenge Lija Jackson , Mpora Baraka , Ochola Denice , Sarkar Supriya , Williams Emma , Plotkin Marya , Juma James 
Published: July 2016

Background:
Uptake of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) among adult men has fallen short of targets in Tanzania. We evaluated a smartphone raffle intervention designed to increase VMMC uptake in three regions.

Methods:
Among 7 matched pairs of health facilities, 1 in each pair was randomly assigned to the intervention, consisting of a weekly smartphone raffle for clients returning for follow-up and monthly raffle for peer promoters and providers. VMMC records of clients aged 20 and older were analyzed over three months, with the number performed compared with the same months in the previous year. In multivariable models, the intervention's effect on number of VMMCs was adjusted for client factors and clustering. Focus groups with clients and peer promoters explored preferences for VMMC incentives.

Results:
VMMCs increased 47% and 8% in the intervention and control groups, respectively; however, the changes were not significantly different from one another. In the Iringa region subanalysis, VMMCs in the intervention group increased 336% (exponentiated coefficient of 3.36, 95% CI: 1.14 to 9.90; P = 0.028), after controlling for facility pair, percentage of clients ≥ age 30, and percentage testing HIV positive; the control group had a more modest 63% significant increase (exponentiated coefficient 1.63, 95% CI: 1.18 to 2.26; P = 0.003). The changes were not significantly different. Focus group respondents expressed mixed opinions about smartphone raffles; some favored smaller cash incentive or transportation reimbursement.

Implications:
A smartphone raffle might increase VMMC uptake in some settings by helping late adopters move from intention to action; however, there is no recommendation for this intervention more generally.
The Effects of Providing Fixed Compensation and Lottery-Based Rewards on Uptake of Medical Male Circumcision in Kenya: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Thirumurthy Harsha , Masters Samuel H. , Rao Samwel , Murray Kate , Prasad Ram , Zivin Joshua G. , Omanga Eunice , Agot Kawango 
Published: July 2016

Background:
Effective demand creation strategies are needed to increase uptake of medical male circumcision and reduce new HIV infections in eastern and southern Africa. Building on insights from behavioral economics, we assessed whether providing compensation for opportunity costs of time or lottery-based rewards can increase male circumcision uptake in Kenya.

Methods:
Uncircumcised men aged 21–39 years were randomized in 1:1:1 ratio to 2 intervention groups or a control group. One intervention group was offered compensation of US $12.50 conditional on circumcision uptake. Compensation was provided in the form of food vouchers. A second intervention group was offered the opportunity to participate in a lottery with high-value prizes on undergoing circumcision. The primary outcome was circumcision uptake within 3 months.

Results:
Among 903 participants enrolled, the group that received compensation of US $12.50 had the highest circumcision uptake (8.4%, 26/308), followed by the lottery-based rewards group (3.3%, 10/302), and the control group (1.3%, 4/299). Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the control group, the fixed compensation group had significantly higher circumcision uptake [adjusted odds ratio 7.1; 95% CI: 2.4 to 20.8]. The lottery-based rewards group did not have significantly higher circumcision uptake than the control group (adjusted odds ratio 2.5; 95% CI: 0.8 to 8.1).

Conclusions:
Providing compensation was effective in increasing circumcision uptake among men over a short period. The results are consistent with studies showing that such interventions can modify health behaviors by addressing economic barriers and behavioral biases in decision making. Contrary to findings from studies of other health behaviors, lottery-based rewards did not significantly increase circumcision uptake.

Trial Registration:
Registry for International Development Impact Evaluations: RIDIE-STUDY-ID-530e60df56107.
Transgender People and HIV Prevention: What We Know and What We Need to Know, a Call to Action
Authors: Mayer Kenneth H. , Grinsztejn Beatriz , El-Sadr Wafaa M. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract:
Transgender people have been disproportionally affected by HIV, particularly transgender women. Their increased vulnerability to HIV is due to multiple issues, including biological (eg, increased efficiency of HIV transmission through receptive anal sex), epidemiological (eg, increased likelihood of having HIV-infected partners), structural (eg, social stigma limiting employment options), and individual factors (eg, internalized stigma leading to depression and substance use and risk-taking behaviors). There have been limited culturally appropriate HIV prevention interventions for transgender people, with many key prevention studies (eg, the iPrEx PrEP study) enrolling transgender women in a study focusing on men who have sex with men. This has resulted in limited understanding of the optimal ways to decrease transgender people's risk for HIV acquisition. The current supplement of JAIDS is designed to review what is known about HIV prevention for transgender people and to highlight new insights and best practices. The study reviews recent epidemiologic data, the pharmacology of HIV prophylactic agents in individuals who may be using exogenous hormones, and several recent multi-component interventions designed to address the lived experience of transgender people. Additionally, the study reviews the work going on at the NIH to address transgender health in general and HIV prevention in specific, as well as two important papers related to clinical trial design issues and the ethical conduct of research in this frequently disenfranchised population. It is the hope of the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) that this supplement will promote new knowledge around transgender health and the requisite issues that need to be addressed in order to conduct optimal clinical trials. The ultimate hope is that the information distilled in this supplement will inform investigators, clinicians, and public health officials in order to design further research to develop optimal prevention interventions for transgender people and to implement these interventions in ways that are culturally congruent and health promoting.
Integrated and Gender-Affirming Transgender Clinical Care and Research
Authors: Reisner Sari L. , Radix Asa , Deutsch Madeline B. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract:
Transgender (trans) communities worldwide, particularly those on the trans feminine spectrum, are disproportionately burdened by HIV infection and at risk for HIV acquisition/transmission. Trans individuals represent an underserved, highly stigmatized, and under-resourced population not only in HIV prevention efforts but also in delivery of general primary medical and clinical care that is gender affirming. We offer a model of gender-affirmative integrated clinical care and community research to address and intervene on disparities in HIV infection for transgender people. We define trans terminology, briefly review the social epidemiology of HIV infection among trans individuals, highlight gender affirmation as a key social determinant of health, describe exemplar models of gender-affirmative clinical care in Boston MA, New York, NY, and San Francisco, CA, and offer suggested “best practices” for how to integrate clinical care and research for the field of HIV prevention. Holistic and culturally responsive HIV prevention interventions must be grounded in the lived realities the trans community faces to reduce disparities in HIV infection. HIV prevention interventions will be most effective if they use a structural approach and integrate primary concerns of transgender people (eg, gender-affirmative care and management of gender transition) alongside delivery of HIV-related services (eg, biobehavioral prevention, HIV testing, linkage to care, and treatment).
An Overview of Asian Rhinoplasty
Authors: Li Dong , An Yang , Yang Xin 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
East Asian rhinoplasty is an expanding topic in the field of rhinoplasty. Although the main principles of various rhinoplasty techniques apply equally to the East Asian nose, East Asian rhinoplasty is unique owing to its different anatomy and ethnicity. In recent years, there have been some noteworthy developments in East Asian rhinoplasty. Traditional techniques using alloplastic implants with endonasal approach are changing due to the advent of new beauty concept, introduction of new techniques, and development of newly improved materials expended polytetrafluoroethylene as an alloplastic material has gained popularity in Asian augmentation rhinoplasty. Soft expended polytetrafluoroethylene sheets as augmentation material provide promise in the future. In this review, we will highlight some of the recent advances of Asian rhinoplasty with emphasis on dorsal augmentation, advances in implant material, and tip surgery using autologous cartilage.
The Role of Crowdsourcing in Assessing Surgical Skills
Authors: Katz Andrew J. 
Published: July 2016

Background:
Assessing surgical skill is critical in improving patient care while reducing medical errors, length of stay, and readmission rates. Crowdsourcing provides 1 potential method for accurately assessing this; only recently has crowdsourcing been studied as a valid way to provide feedback to surgeons. The results of such studies are explored.

Data Sources:
A systematic literature search was performed on PubMed to identify studies that have attempted to validate crowdsourcing as a method for assessing surgical skill. Through a combination of abstract screening and full-length review, 9 studies that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed.

Conclusions:
Crowdsourcing has been validated as an important way to provide feedback for surgical skill. It has been demonstrated to be effective in both dry-lab and live surgery, for a variety of tasks and methods. However, more studies must be performed to ensure that crowdsourcing can provide quality feedback in a wider variety of scenarios.
Delayed Diagnosis of Vesicouterine Fistula After Treatment for Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Menstrual Cup Management and Diagnosis
Authors: Goldberg Leah , Elsamra Sammy , Hutchinson-Colas Juana , Segal Saya 
Published: July 2016

Introduction
A vesicouterine fistula is a rare form of urogenital fistula, yet there is increasing prevalence in the United States because of the rising rate of cesarean deliveries. Vesicouterine fistulas have various presentations including menouria, hematuria, or urinary incontinence.

Case Presentation
A 39-year-old multiparous woman presented with urine leakage after her third cesarean delivery. She had been treated for mixed urinary incontinence with overactive bladder medications and a midurethral sling with continued complaints of urine leakage. The patient noticed her symptoms of urine leakage improved during menses when she used a menstrual cup. After confirmation of vesicouterine fistula, the patient underwent robotic-assisted surgery and her symptoms of insensible urine leakage resolved.

Conclusions
When evaluating women with urinary incontinence and a history of cesarean deliveries, use of menstrual cup may aid in the diagnosis of vesicouterine fistula. Robotic-assisted laparoscopic repair with tissue interposition flap is an efficacious minimally invasive method for treatment of vesicouterine fistula.