bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Polymorphism of HLA DR in a Scottish Population of Patients with Pars Planitis
Authors: Greiner K.H. , Wilson D.W.L. , Thomson J. , Kilmartin D.J. , Urbaniak S.J. , Forrester J.V. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class II influences the immunological susceptibility for a variety of diseases including many types of non-infectious intraocular inflammation. Previous studies on North American patients with pars planitis, a subtype of intermediate uveitis, reported an increased prevalence of HLA DR15 in this population. In contrast, two European studies could not find an association between HLA DR2 or its allelic subtype DR15 and various forms of intermediate uveitis. We therefore investigated the genotype frequency of HLA DR alleles in a Scottish population of patients with typical pars planitis. Methods Twenty patients with pars planitis were identified from the uveitis database of Grampian Universitiy Hospitals. Only patients with bilateral vitritis and snowbanks in at least one eye in the absence of systemic disease were included in the study. Fifteen patients and 34 healthy controls underwent HLA DR genotyping for all DRB genes using PCR sequence specific primers. Results HLA DR15 was found in 13% of patients with pars planitis and in 24% of controls. There was no statistically significant difference between these two groups. Furthermore, the frequencies of HLA DR 1, 3–14, and 16 did not differ significantly between patients and controls. Conclusions There appears to be no association between the occurrence of pars planitis and the HLA DR15 or other known HLA DR genotypes in Scottish patients. However, the small sample size limits the power of this study.
Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide as an Additional Tool in Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Jonas J.B. , SÖfker A. , Degenring R. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravitreal injections of crystalline triamcinolone acetonide as an adjunctive procedure in pars plana vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Methods This nonrandomized comparative study included 30 patients (32 eyes) who underwent standardized pars plana vitrectomy for treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy and who received an intravitreal injection of 25 mg triamcinolone acetonide at the end of surgery. Mean follow-up time was 5.60 ± 5.14 months. The study group was compared with a control group (32 eyes) matched with the study group for preoperative and intraoperative parameters and who underwent pars plana vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy without intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide. Results The study group and the control group did not vary significantly in frequency of postoperative retinal detachment, re-pars plana vitrectomy, or postoperative enucleation or phthisis bulbi, or in best postoperative visual acuity, visual acuity at end of the study, or gain in visual acuity. Conclusions In this pilot study, the study group with pars plana vitrectomy and intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection compared with the nonrandomized control group without intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection did not show a higher than usual rate of postoperative complications. As a corollary, however, the data do not suggest the adjunct use of 25 mg intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide combined with pars plana vitrectomy as treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Eyelid Phakomatous Choristoma
Authors: Mencía-Gutiérrez E. , Gutiérrez-Díaz E. , Ricoy J.R. , Sarmiento-Torres B. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report a case of congenital phakomatous choristoma (PC) of the eyelid, a rare tumor of lenticular anlage in the subcutaneous tissue and dermis. Case A boy had a mass in the right lower eyelid near the inner canthus at birth. At age 10 months, the tumor was excised. Results The tumor cells showed intense immunoreactivity positive for S-100 protein, vimentin, and periodic acid-Schiff. Keratin markers, epithelial membrane antigen, glial fibrillary acidic protein, muscle specific actin, and epithelial membrane antigen were negative. The histopathologic features were consistent with those of a PC. Conclusions This histopathologic and immunoreactivity study supports the proposal that PC is a rare entity of lenticular anlage origin. Only 18 such cases have been described previously.
Luxated Intraocular Lens Fixation Using Anterior Chamber Slipknot of the Haptic to the Sclera: A Simple Procedure to Fixate Intraocular Lens to the Sclera
Authors: Micelli Ferrari T. , Cardascia N. , Furino C. , Recchimurzo N. , Boscia F. , Sborgia L. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To describe a technique for suturing a luxated intraocular lens (IOL) in the vitreous cavity directly to the ciliary sulcus using intraocular slipknot without IOL extraction. Design Noncomparative interventional case series. Materials and Methods A three-port vitrectomy was performed in all cases. According to the Lewis procedure, two scleral flaps and relative sclerectomies were performed at 3 and 9 o'clock position. IOL was rescued from vitreous cavity by means of perfluorocarbon and stabilized in anterior chamber by intravitreal forceps. Corneal endothelium was preserved by a dispersive ophthalmic viscosurgical device coating. Double armed 10–0 polypropylene was introduced into the vitreous cavity through the 9 o'clock sclerotomy incision and both the needles were passed out of the eye by the 3-o'clock position sclerotomy, guided by a bent 27-gauge needle 1.5 mm from the limbus. Hooking the slipknot around the haptics of the IOL in the anterior chamber by means of vitreous forceps, the 10–0 polypropylene was pulled so that the IOL haptic was fixated onto the sulcus. The same procedure was used to fixate the opposite haptic to the ciliary sulcus at the opposite position. Results In all four cases, the IOL fixated stably and remained well positioned. No significant intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred. Conclusions This technique enables secure fixation of the luxated IOL in the vitreous without extracting it.
Effectiveness and Tolerance of Piroxicam 0.5% and Diclofenac Sodium 0.1% in Controlling Inflammation after Cataract Surgery
Authors: Scuderi B. , Driussi G.B. , Chizzolini M. , Salvetat M.L. , Beltrame G. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To compare the efficacy and tolerance of piroxicam 0.5% ophthalmic solution and diclofenac sodium 0.1% ophthalmic solution in controlling inflammation after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Setting Ophthalmological Department, San Donà di Piave Hospital, Venice, Italy. Materials and Methods Forty consecutive patients – 18 men and 22 women – between 55 and 85 years of age (mean age, 75.1 ± 7.12 years) who were scheduled for cataract extraction with phacoemulsification and IOL implantation were randomized to receive 0.5% piroxicam ophthalmic solution (piroxicam group, 20 patients) or 0.1% diclofenac sodium ophthalmic solution (diclofenac group, 20 patients) for 1 month postoperatively. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements and slit-lamp bio-microscopy for the evaluation of corneal edema, Descemet membrane folds, Tyndall, and cells in the anterior chamber were carried out in all patients 1 day, 4 days, and 1 month postoperatively. Subjective symptoms after the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ophthalmic solution instillation were assessed using a questionnaire. Results There were no significant differences between the two groups in postoperative IOP, BCVA, anterior chamber flare and cell levels, corneal edema, or Descemet membrane folds. Ocular discomfort, evaluated as burning or stinging sensation after NSAID ophthalmic solution instillation, was significantly more frequent and intense in the diclofenac-treated eyes. Two eyes in the diclofenac group had a mild transient punctate keratitis. Conclusions These results suggest that piroxicam is as effective as diclofenac sodium in preventing inflammation after cataract surgery with IOL implantation, and its better tolerance and safety can provide higher patient compliance.
Visual Performance in Specific Syndromes Associated with Intellectual Disability
Authors: Van Splunder J. , Stilma J.S. , Evenhuis H.M. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report visual performance in adults with specific causes of intellectual disability (ID) and to compare the test results to published reports. Methods In a large-scale multicenter epidemiologic study of sensory impairments in 1598 adults with ID, the authors performed ocular assessments in 1539 persons. They compared the test results of those with five specific genetic disorders (Angelman syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, fragile X syndrome, Williams-Beuren syndrome, and tuberous sclerosis). Results An overrepresentation of strabismus, low vision, and refractive errors was found. Apart from fragile X syndrome and Prader-Willi syndrome (with in general mild to moderate ID), the other syndrome groups contained one or more subjects with visual impairment or blindness. A number of them had never been seen by an ophthalmologist. Conclusions The authors confirm a number of ocular features previously reported by other studies and suggest some additional ocular features. They found increased frequencies of treatable ophthalmologic conditions in the subgroups. Because reliable ocular assessment is feasible for 85% of persons with ID, the results are an incentive to address visual functioning in people with ID in order to correct ocular problems and maximize their possibilities.
Eight-Year Follow-Up of Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome with Turner Syndrome
Authors: Koçak-Midillioglu I. , Karadeniz N. , Yalvaç I. , Koçak-Altintas A.G. , Duman S. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report a case of Turner syndrome associated with iridogoniodysgenesis accompanied by somatic malformations. Methods A 29-year-old woman underwent complete ophthalmologic and general examination. Incomplete development of the angle with iris stromal hypoplasia and prominent posterior embryotoxon with iris adhesions were noted. Disc drusen was confirmed by ultrasonography. Visual fields were normal other than bilateral enlargement of blind spot. Intraocular pressure was under 21 mm Hg during 8 years of follow-up without medication. The patient had atrial septal defect, sensorineural hearing loss, polycystic ovaries, hirsutism, glomerulosclerosis, dental anomalies, and low intelligence. A chromosome analysis revealed that she had mosaic Turner syndrome with a 45,X/46,XX karyotype. Conclusions Few reported cases in the literature describe the coexistence of Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome and Turner syndrome mosaicism. Somatic and anterior chamber malformations in this patient represent a developmental disorder of the neural crest. General examination and chromosomal analysis are indicated in patients presenting with anterior chamber dysgenesis.
Sympathetic Ophthalmia Associated with Ocular and Cerebral Vasculitis: An Angiographic and Radiologic Study
Authors: Kadayifçilar S. , Irkeç M. , Eldem B. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To describe a case of sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) associated with ocular and cerebral vasculitis. Methods The authors report a 38-year-old woman who presented with bilateral uveitis 7 years after a penetrating trauma to the right eye. Ocular examination included fundus fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography. Medical history disclosed an episode of dysarthria and right-sided weakness. Results Anterior uveitis was present in the previously injured pseudophakic right eye, which harbored a piece of glass stuck in the lower temporal iris. In the left eye, vitreal inflammation with retinal sheathing and subretinal lesions was predominant. Besides retinal vasculitis, fundus angiography showed choroidal vasculitis. Neurologic studies were compatible with cerebral vasculitis. Conclusions In SO, choroidal vasculitis that is invisible clinically can be demonstrated angiographically. Although rare, inflammation can also affect the nervous system.
Tear and Serum Eosinophil Cationic Protein Levels in Seasonal Allergic Conjunctivitis
Authors: Acar N. , Toker E. , Kazokoğlu H. 
Published: January 2018

Background/Purpose Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) levels in tear fluid and sera of patients with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC) were measured to assess local and systemic eosinophilic activity in SAC. The correlation between ECP levels and disease activity was evaluated. Methods Tears and sera were collected from 21 patients with SAC and 13 healthy control subjects. ECP levels in tears and sera were measured before and 4 weeks after treatment with 0.1% lodoxamide eyedrops. Clinical signs and symptoms of SAC were scored and the correlation of ECP levels with the clinical scores was evaluated. Results Tear and serum levels of ECP were significantly increased (p=0.01, p=0.02, respectively) in patients with SAC compared with the control subjects, but ECP levels were not correlated with the severity of the disease. Following treatment with topical 0.1% lodoxamide eyedrops, the mean level of ECP in tears decreased significantly (p=0.02), whereas no significant change was observed in serum ECP levels. Furthermore, a significant decrease in clinical signs and symptoms scores was found after treatment (both p<0.0001). Conclusions Increased serum and tear ECP levels in patients with SAC confirms that both local and systemic eosinophil activation occurs in SAC. However, clinical signs and symptoms of SAC were not found to be correlated with the degree of eosinophilic activity. Thus ECP does not seem to have an important role in clinical manifestations of SAC.
Laser-Assisted Subepithelial Keratectomy (LASEK) without Alcohol versus Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK)
Authors: Leccisotti A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate epithelial healing and visual outcome after laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK) without alcohol de-epithelialization and to compare this technique to photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in myopia. Methods In a series of 1953 patients undergoing bilateral myopic PRK, an epithelial flap could be obtained by manual de-epithelialization in the left eye of 56 patients without alcohol exposure. The right eye was treated by PRK and the left by LASEK (i.e., repositioning the viable flap after surface ablation). The two eyes were compared in terms of pain, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) in decimals, correction achieved, and haze. The epithelial healing pattern was assessed in the LASEK eyes. Results The flap remained viable, showing a peripheral junction, in 25 eyes (45%). Pain was higher in the PRK eye in 11/56 patients (20%), higher in the LASEK eye in 23/56 patients (41%), and the same in both eyes in 22/56 patients (39%). UCVA at one week was slightly better in the LASEK eyes (median 0.7 versus 0.6, p=0.002 with Wilcoxon test), but was the same in PRK and LASEK eyes after 1 month (median 0.9 in both). Median haze at 6 months was 0.5 in the PRK eyes and 0 in the LASEK eyes (Wilcoxon p=0.007). Median postoperative defocus equivalent at 9 months was 0.5 diopters in both the PRK and the LASEK eyes. Conclusion Although our study might have selected patients with loose epithelium, LASEK performed by manual de-epithelialization in the absence of alcohol exposure is not less painful than PRK, even in case of flap survival. Visual recovery speed, as well as haze, is slightly better than in PRK, although the difference is clinically negligible.
Eye Injuries in Childhood: A Retrospective Investigation of 88 Cases from 1988 to 2000
Authors: Tomazzoli L. , Renzi G. , Mansoldo C. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To assess the frequency, causes, mechanisms, and functional outcomes of eye injuries in childhood. Methods A retrospective analysis of the hospital files of patients younger than 12 years admitted to the Institute of Ophthalmology of Verona University for eye injuries from January 1, 1988, to December 31, 2000. Results Eighty-eight cases of eye injuries (69 [78%] boys, 19 [22%] girls) were identified. The mean age at admission was 7.2 years. The most frequent causes of eye injuries were domestic accidents in patients younger than 6 years (25%) and accidents at play in those older than 6 years (35%). Scissors were the most frequent causative agents in children under 6 and toys, stones, and ball injuries in those over 6. Diagnoses, therapies implemented, ocular complications, and outcomes are reported. Conclusions The major causes of eye injuries in childhood are preventable; thus more adequate adult supervision and educational and legislative measures are necessary and useful in order to reduce prevalence and morbidity of these accidents.
Subfoveal Choroidal Neovascularization in a Patient with Pre-Existing Pseudomacular Hole
Authors: Borgia L. , Badalà F. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report concomitant use of fluorescein angiography (FA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in a case of pre-existing pseudomacular hole (PMH) and macular choroidal neovascularization (CNV) treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT). Methods Case report. Results A 63-year-old man who received laser treatment for branch retinal vein occlusion in 1993 developed an asymptomatic macular epiretinal membrane 2 years later. In 2001, the patient complained of metamorphopsia. Biomicroscopy showed a PMH, confirmed by OCT. One year later, metamorphopsia suddenly increased and visual acuity dropped from 20/20 to 20/70. FA and OCT revealed subfoveal occult CNV. PDT was successfully performed. FA and OCT were essential diagnostic tools during the follow-up. Conclusions The case presented stresses the importance of different tools for accurate diagnosis and proper follow-up of macular diseases.
Intraocular Pressure, Quality of Block, and Degree of Pain Associated with Ropivacaine in Peribulbar Block: A Comparative Randomized Study with Bupivacaine-Lidocaine Mixture
Authors: Özcan A.A. , Özdemir N. , Günes Y. , Bozkurt A. , Yagmur M. , Alparslan Z.N. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To compare the effects of ropivacaine and bupivacaine-lidocaine combination on intraocular pressure, quality of block, and degree of postoperative pain in peribulbar block. Methods The study group involved 32 patients undergoing elective cataract surgery under peribulbar block. Patients were divided into two groups according to the local anesthetic used: Group 1 (n=16), ropivacaine 0.75%; and Group 2 (n=16), bupivacaine 0.5%-lidocaine 2% mixture. Intraocular pressure was measured at four time points: before block (control), 1 min after block, 5 min after block, and 15 min after block with Tonopen. Quality of block was evaluated using a three-point scoring system based on the reduction of globe motility. Patients were asked their degree of intraoperative pain by using a five-point verbal rating score after the surgery. Results Mean values of intraocular pressure after block were significantly lower in Group 1 in comparison to Group 2 (p<0.05, Mann Whitney test). The quality of block was better in Group 2, and the degree of postoperative pain was lower in Group 1 (p<0.05, Mann-Whitney test). Conclusions Ropivacaine used in peribulbar block is better than bupivacaine-lidocaine mixture under the same standard conditions in terms of reducing intraocular pressure and postoperative pain in intraocular surgery.
Retinal Periphlebitis Resembling Frosted Branch Angiitis with Nonperfused Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Abu El-Asrar A.M. , Al-Obeidan S.A. , Abdel Gader A.G.M. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report the unusual association between severe retinal periphlebitis resembling frosted branch angiitis and nonperfused central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). Methods Observational case reports. Results Patient 1 was a 28-year-old man who presented with extensive sheathing involving all retinal veins in one eye followed by nonperfused CRVO. Twenty-seven months after initial presentation, he developed perfused CRVO in the other eye followed by periphlebitis that progressed into nonperfused CRVO. Patient 2 was a 47-year-old man who presented with unilateral severe retinal periphlebitis associated with nonperfused CRVO. Despite systemic administration of corticosteroid therapy, rubeosis iridis developed in both patients and neovascular glaucoma developed in Patient 1 despite full panretinal photocoagulation. Extensive systemic workup and coagulation studies were unremarkable except for the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies in both patients and elevated plasma homocysteine level in Patient 2. Conclusions Severe retinal periphlebitis complicated by nonperfused CRVO is associated with poor visual outcome despite appropriate medical and surgical treatment.
Pharmacological Strategies to Block Rod Photoreceptor Apoptosis Caused by Calcium Overload: A Mechanistic Target-Site Approach to Neuroprotection
Authors: Fox D.A. , Poblenz A.T. , He L. , Harris J.B. , Medrano C.J. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Photoreceptor apoptosis and resultant visual deficits occur in humans and animals with inherited, and disease-, injury- and chemical-induced retinal degeneration. Our aims were three-fold: 1) to determine the kinetics of rod apoptosis and Ca2+ overload in Pde6brd1 mice and developmentally lead-exposed rats, 2) to establish a pathophysiologically-relevant model of Ca2+ overload/rod-selective apoptosis in isolated rat retina and 3) to examine different mechanistic based neuroprotective strategies that would abrogate or mollify rod Ca2+ overload/apoptosis. Methods Retinal morphometry and elemental calcium content ([Ca]) determined the kinetics of rod apoptosis and Ca2+ overload. A multiparametric analysis of apoptosis including rod [Ca], a live/dead assay, rod oxygen consumption, cytochrome c immunoblots and caspase assays was combined with pharmacological studies of an isolated rat retinal model of rod-selective Ca2+ overload/apoptosis. Results Ca2+ overload preceded rod apoptosis in mice and rats, although the extent and kinetics in each differed significantly. The isolated rat model of rod Ca2+ overload/apoptosis showed that blockade of Ca2+ entry through rod cGMP-activated channels with L-cis diltiazem was partially neuroprotective, whereas blockade of Ca2+ entry into rods through L-type Ca2+ channels with D-cis diltiazem or verapamil provided no protection. Inhibition of the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger with D-cis diltiazem provided no protection. CsA and NIM811, mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) inhibitors, blocked all Ca2+-induced apoptosis, whereas the caspase-3 inhibitor DEVD-fmk only blocked the downstream cytochrome c-induced apoptosis. Conclusions The successful pharmacological neuroprotective strategies for rod Ca2+ overload/apoptosis targeted the rod cGMP-activated channels or mPTP, but not the rod L-type Ca2+ channels.