bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Biochar Organic and Inorganic Carbon on Soil CO2and N2O Emissions
Authors: Fidel Rivka B. , Laird David A. , Parkin Timothy B. 
Published: April 2017

Biochar has been shown to influence soil CO2and N2O emissions following application to soil, but the presence of carbonates in biochars has largely confounded efforts to differentiate among labile and recalcitrant C pools in biochar and establish their timeframe of influence. Understanding the mechanism, magnitude, and duration of biochar C pools’ influence on C and N dynamics is imperative to successful implementation of biochar for C sequestration. Here we therefore aim to assess biochar organic and inorganic C pool impacts on CO2and N2O emissions from soil amended with two untreated biochars, inorganic carbon (as Na2CO3), acid (HCl) and bicarbonate (NaHCO3) extracts of the biochars, and acid and bicarbonate/acid‐washed biochars during a 140‐d soil incubation. We hypothesized that (i) both biochar labile organic carbon (LOC) and inorganic carbon (IC) pools contribute significantly to short‐term (<1 mo) CO2emissions from biochar‐amended soil, (ii) biochars will influence the size of soil NH4+and NO3−pools, and (iii) changes in soil inorganic N pools will affect soil N2O emissions. All biochar, biochar extract, and carbonate treatments (12 total) increased CO2produced during the initial ≤48 h of the incubation relative to controls, indicating that both biochar LOC and IC contribute to CO2emissions. Of these treatments, only bicarbonate extracts of the biochars increased total C losses significantly. However, treatment impacts on soil N2O production were not significant despite significant effects of select treatments on inorganic N pools. Overall, results indicate that biochars contain small LOC and IC pools that are stabilized by a larger recalcitrant organic C pool.Core IdeasBiochar IC and OC contributed to soil CO2produced during initial 48 h of incubation.Washing biochars with acid and bicarbonate both reduced CO2produced.Acid and bicarbonate biochar extracts increased C loss more than untreated biochars.Biochar treatments did not influence N2O emissions despite inorganic N impacts.Labile biochar IC and OC pools are likely stabilized by the recalcitrant C pool.
Analysis of the Literature on Chronic Cough in Children
Authors: Bergamini Marcello , Kantar Ahmad , Cutrera Renato , Interest Group Italian Pediatric Cough 
Published: April 2017

Throughout childhood, various developmental phenomena influence the cough reflex. Among these are the modifications in the anatomy and functions of the respiratory tract and the central and peripheral nervous systems. Moreover, after birth, the immunological response undergoes progressive transformations with the acquisition of immune memory processes. These conditions make infections and airway abnormalities the overwhelming cause of chronic cough in children and infants. In children, chronic cough should be treated on the basis of etiology. The aim of this article is to provide thorough research and analysis of the medical literature published up to 2014 on chronic cough in children as a disease entity, including the epidemiologic, etiologic, diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic aspects.Our results demonstrate differences in the definition of chronic cough, the characteristics of diagnostic procedures, study settings, and prevalence of the main causes. However, few studies regarding epidemiology and the quality of life have been reported. Many therapeutic approaches that are considered effective in adults with chronic cough seem to be less efficient in children. Regardless of the setting, whether pediatric or non-pediatric, children with chronic cough should be carefully evaluated using child-specific protocols and algorithms. Awareness of the various pathophysiological conditions associated with chronic cough is vital for making a correct diagnosis and providing appropriate treatment. The prevalence of the different causes of chronic cough depends on various issues. Among these are the population under consideration and its age range, infectious disease control and prevention, the diagnostic procedures employed, disease definition criteria, and the local health system. Clinical guidelines for the management of children with chronic cough should take these components into consideration. Further clinical and basic research studies are still needed for better diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of chronic cough in children.
Irreducible Anterior Shoulder Dislocation with Interposition of the Long Head of the Biceps and Greater Tuberosity Fracture: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Pantazis Konstantinos , Panagopoulos Andreas , Tatani Irini , Daskalopoulos Basilis , Iliopoulos Ilias , Tyllianakis Minos 
Published: April 2017

Background:
Failure of closed manipulative reduction of an acute anterior shoulder dislocation is seldom reported in the literature and is usually due to structural blocks such as soft tissue entrapment (biceps, subscapularis, labrum), bony fragments (glenoid, greater tuberosity) and severe head impaction (Hill-Sachs lesion).

Case report:
We present a case of an irreducible anterior shoulder dislocation in a 57-year-old male patient after a road-traffic accident. He had severe impaction of the head underneath glenoid rim and associated fracture of the greater tuberosity. Closed reduction performed in the emergency room under sedation and later at the theatre under general anaesthesia was unsuccessful. Open reduction using the dectopectoral approach revealed that the reason for obstruction was the posterolateral entrapment of the biceps tendon between the humeral head and the tuberosity fragment. Reduction was achieved after subscapularis tenotomy and opening of the joint; the tuberosity fragment was fixed with transosseous sutures and the long head of the biceps tendon was tenodesized. The patient had an uneventful postoperative recovery and at his last follow up, 12 months postoperatively, he had a stable joint, full range of motion and a Constant score of 90.

Conclusion:
A comprehensive literature review revealed 22 similar reports affecting a total of 30 patients. Interposition of the LHBT alone or in combination with greater tuberosity fracture was the most common obstacle to reduction, followed by subscapularis tendon interposition and other less common reasons. Early surgical intervention with open reduction and confrontation of associated injuries is mandatory for a successful outcome.
Efecto del método de propagación y sitio sobre atributos fustales en árboles de Pinus radiata a la edad de 17 años
Authors: Antillanca Marcial , Trincado Guillermo , Lasserre Jean Pierre 
Published: April 2017

La tasa de plantaciones de pino radiata en Chile ha requerido aumentar la escala de producción de plantas aplicando propagación vegetativa. Sin embargo, se desconoce si existen diferencias de crecimiento y atributos fustales entre árboles reproducidos mediante semillas o estacas. Esta investigación cuantifica el efecto del método de propagación y sitio sobre atributos fustales de pino radiata a la edad de 17 años. Los atributos evaluados fueron: forma fustal, localización del centro de volumen y centro de gravedad, y ahusamiento en trozas. Los datos se obtuvieron de un ensayo silvícola sin raleo ni poda ubicado sobre suelos de ceniza volcánica y arenas. En cada sitio se establecieron dos parcelas (30 m × 21 m), considerando una densidad inicial de 1428 individuos por hectárea de la misma familia genética. Dentro de cada sitio se asignó en forma aleatoria a cada parcela, plantas propagadas por semilla o por estacas de un año de edad. La combinación de métodos de propagación y sitios definieron un diseño factorial 2 × 2. En cada tratamiento, se seleccionaron 20 individuos para muestreo destructivo. Los resultados indican que no hubo efectos significativos de los métodos de propagación para el factor y cociente de forma, centro de volumen y gravedad. Tampoco hubo efectos significativos de los sitios ni interacción entre factores. Sin embargo, el ahusamiento de la primera troza basal (0 m - 3 m) evidenció efectos significativos de ambos factores. Se puede concluir que individuos propagados por estacas y establecidos en arenas presentan trozas basales más cilíndricas que individuos establecidos en suelos derivados de cenizas volcánicas.
Strengths, Risk Factors, and Resilient Outcomes in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: Results From Diabetes MILES Youth–Australia
Authors: Hilliard Marisa E. , Hagger Virginia , Hendrieckx Christel , Anderson Barbara J. , Trawley Steven , Jack Michelle M. , Pouwer Frans , Skinner Timothy , Speight Jane 
Published: April 2017

OBJECTIVE
Despite the challenges of living with type 1 diabetes, many adolescents achieve “resilient outcomes”: high engagement in self-management behaviors such as self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), good quality of life (QOL), and within-target glycemic outcomes (HbA1c). Adaptive diabetes-related behaviors (i.e., “strengths”) are associated with resilient outcomes, yet the combination of risks and strengths in relation to resilient outcomes is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate relations among diabetes strengths and resilient outcomes in the context of psychological and family risk factors.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 471 Australian adolescents with type 1 diabetes (mean age 15.7 ± 1.9 years; diabetes duration 6.9 ± 4.2 years; 62% female; 53% using insulin pumps) completed a national cross-sectional survey about their diabetes-related strengths, risk factors (depressive/anxiety symptoms, family conflict), and resilient outcomes (SMBG frequency, general QOL, HbA1c).

RESULTS
Greater diabetes strengths were significantly related to resilient outcomes: more frequent SMBG (r = 0.39), lower HbA1c (r = −0.31), and higher general QOL (r = 0.50), as well as to lower risks: fewer depressive (r = −0.45) and anxiety (r = −0.40) symptoms and less conflict (r = 0.28). In multivariate regressions, diabetes strengths consistently related to all resilient outcomes beyond significant risk factors.

CONCLUSIONS
In a large sample of Australian adolescents, diabetes strengths were strongly related to key resilient outcomes, even in the presence of well-documented psychological and family risk factors. More research is needed to determine whether strengths reduce or buffer other risks. Given the associations with self-management, HbA1c, and general QOL, monitoring and enhancing diabetes strengths may support resilience promotion during a vulnerable developmental period.
Pusaka Budaya Kawasan Pesisir: Tinjauan Arkeologis Atas Potensi Di Kepulauan Maluku.
Authors: Ririmasse Marlon 
Published: April 2017

Kawasan pesisir sejak lama telah menjadi salah satu tema utama dalam tinjauan sejarah budaya dunia. Karakter geografisnya yang khas, membuat wilayah ini menjadi titik mula bagi proses kontak dan interaksi antar budaya. Hadir sebagai kepulauan terbesar di dunia, Indonesia menjadi salah satu negara dengan garis pantai terpanjang. Suatu keadaan yang mencerminkan potensi kolosal kawasan pesisir di negeri ini. Termasuk potensi secara kultural. Sebagai salah satu kepulauan terluas di Indonesia, Maluku juga kaya dengan pusaka budaya kawasan pesisir. Makalah ini merupakan langkah awal untuk menemukan dan mengenali potensi pusaka budaya kawasan pesisir yang ada di Kepulauan Maluku dari sudut pandang studi arkeologi serta membuka ruang diskusi bagi arah pengelolaannya. Survei penjajakan dan studi pustaka dipilih sebagai pendekatan dalam kajian. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa wilayah Maluku memiliki potensi besar pusaka budaya kawasan pesisir yang perlu dikelola dengan pendekatan pengembangan berkelanjutan. Abstract. The coastal area has long been the major domain in the review of the world cultural history. The distinctive geographical character has made this region a starting point for the process of contact and interaction between cultures. As the world’s largest archipelago, Indonesia is one of the countries with the longest coast lines; a situation that reflects the colossal potential of the coastal region, not only politically and economically, but culturally as well. As one of the largest archipelagoes in Indonesia, the Moluccas also has the same potency. This paper tries to identify potential cultural heritage of coastal areas in the Maluku Archipelago from the archeological perspective and creates the discussion sphere to develop the management approach. Reconnaissance survey and literature study have been chosen as the approach in this research. This study found that the Maluku region has a great potency of cultural heritage of coastal areas that need to be managed with a sustainable development approach.
Karakteristik Situs Pesisir di Kecamatan Kumai, Kabupaten Kotawaringin Barat.
Authors: Sunarningsih Sunarningsih 
Published: April 2017

Kabupaten Kotawaringin Barat yang berada di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah memiliki kawasan pesisir, tepatnya di sebelah selatan, yang berbatasan langsung dengan Laut Jawa. Posisi yang strategis tampaknya sangat berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan kebudayaan di daerah tersebut. Kesempatan untuk dapat berinteraksi dengan dunia luar menjadi sangat mungkin. Keberadaan situs arkeologi di pesisir menjadi sangat menarik untuk dikaji lebih lanjut. Tulisan ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik situs tersebut. Metode penelitian bersifat deskriptif eksplanatif dengan penalaran induktif. Data arkeologi yang digunakan merupakan hasil survei arkeologi pada tahun 2014. Hasil survei menemukan adanya beberapa kelompok temuan yang berada di wilayah Desa Sebuai dan Desa Pendulangan, dengan keramik sebagai temuan terbanyak. Berdasarkan hasil analisis artefaktual dan lingkungan, sintesa dan interpretasi menunjukkan bahwa situs di pesisir tersebut, selain sebagai tempat hunian dari abad ke-13 - 14 hingga sekarang, juga memegang peranan penting dalam aktivitas perdagangan dengan daerah luar, serta mempunyai keterkaitan yang erat dengan situs arkeologi di daerah pedalaman. Abstract. The regency of West Kotawaringin, which is located in Central Kalimantan province, has coastal areas, precisely in the south, which is directly adjacent to the Java Sea. Its strategic position seems very influential on the development of culture in this area. The opportunity to interact with the outside world becomes very possible. The existence of archaeological sites on the coast became very interesting to be studied further. This article discusses the characteristics of the sites. The method used in this article is inductive reasoning and an explanatory descriptive. Archaeological data were obtained from archaeological survey in 2014. It can be concluded that the coastal sites were not only served as dwelling places from 13 - 14 AD to present, but also played an important role in trading activities with abroad, as well as having strong links with archaeological sites in the hinterland.
Manik-Manik Kaca Salah Satu Indikator Kejayaan Dan Keruntuhan Perniagaan Pulau Kampai.
Authors: Soedewo Ery 
Published: April 2017

Salah satu jejak masa lalu di Pulau Kampai yang jumlah dan jenisnya berlimpah adalah manik-manik kaca. Permasalahan pada tulisan ini adalah keterkaitan antara keberlimpahan objek tersebut dengan refleksi kondisi tertentu pada masa lalu di Pulau Kampai. Keberlimpahan data kemudian dianalisis secara morfologi dan dilihat kuantitasnya, sehingga menghasilkan ragam jenis dan gambaran fluktuasi yang merupakan refleksi kejayaan dan keruntuhan perniagaan Pulau Kampai di masa lalu. Penjelasan tentang faktor penyebab fluktuasi dicapai melalui analogi sumber-sumber historis, baik lokal maupun mancanegara. Kajian ini bertujuan menggambarkan fluktuasi perniagaan di Pulau Kampai yang terefleksikan lewat fluktuasi kuantitas manik-manik kacanya, sekaligus menjelaskan faktor penyebab keruntuhan dan kejayaan perniagaan kuna di Pulau Kampai. Kejayaan perniagaan pulau ini berlangsung antara abad ke-11 hingga pertengahan abad ke-14, salah satunya didorong oleh permintaan terhadap produk alam Sumatera oleh pasar Tiongkok sejak masa Dinasti Sung. Keruntuhannya bermula sejak kekuasaan Dinasti Ming membatasi pengusaha swasta dalam perdagangan lintas samudera mulai abad ke-15, yang berakibat pada menurunnya permintaan terhadap produk alam Sumatera. Peran Kampai dalam perniagaan akhirnya mencapai titik terbawah pada abad ke-16 ketika bandar-bandar lain di Sumatera menjadi tempat dijualnya komoditi ekspor yang dihasilkan oleh Aru. Abstract. Kampai Island’s past traces include the abundant varied glass beads. Was such abundant glass beads reflects certain conditions on ancient Kampai Island? Such richness in number and variety have triggered a number of researches on their quantity and morphology which provide some information of categorization and trade fluctuation in the ancient Kampai Island. The factors contributing to the rise and fall of the island are explained through the analogy of local or international historical sources. Kampai’s heyday through AD 11 to the middle of AD 14 centuries was among others due to demand on Sumatera’s natural resources by the Chinese market since the Tang Dynasty’s period; on the other hand, the Ming Dynasty’s AD 15 century inter-ocean private trade quota limitation contributed to the decline of such resources demand. The declining demand finally brought Kampai’s commerce to collapse at AD 16 century when other Sumatera’s ports began to export Aru’s commodity.
Adaptasi Masyarakat Pra-Sriwijaya di Lahan Basah Situs Air Sugihan, Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Vita Vita 
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Air Sugihan Site was one of early history residential centers in the east coast of South Sumatera. In general, the environment of Air Sugihan Site is dominated by the peat bogs which consist of marsh and paddy vegetations. With such environment, how people could adapt and run their daily activities? To dig more about that, survey and environment observation was conducted in area of Air Sugihan Site to get information about the local community adaptation process with their environment. The survey revealed that people changed the peat bogs environment as settlement and to fulfill their daily needs, then with their local wisdom, used domestic plants such as nibung (Oncosperma tigillarium), jelutung (Dyera pollyphylla), bako (Rihzophoraceae), to make equipments and places for living in form of home on stilts to protect them from flood or wild animals and also opened paddy fields. Thus, it can be concluded that pra-Sriwijaya community had been managed the environment in accordance with their needs by using the available natural resources.Abstrak. Situs Air Sugihan merupakan salah satu pusat hunian awal sejarah di Pantai Timur Sumatera Selatan di masa lampau. Secara umum, keadaan lingkungan Situs Air Sugihan merupakan daerah yang didominasi oleh dataran rawa gambut yang terdiri dari vegetasi rawa dan vegetasi sawah. Dengan lingkungan rawa tersebut bagaimana manusia dapat beradaptasi dan melangsungkan kehidupannya sesuai dengan karakterisitik lingkungan yang ada. Untuk mengetahui hal tersebut maka dilakukan survei dan pangamatan lingkungan terhadap pemukiman di wilayah Situs Air Sugihan yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses adaptasi masyarakat setempat dengan lingkungannya. Dari survei tersebut diketahui bahwa masyarakat mengubah lingkungan rawa gambut untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya, baik untuk bermukim maupun untuk kebutuhan sehari-hari, dengan kearifan mereka, mereka memanfaatkan tumbuhan nibung (Oncosperma tigillarium), jelutung (Dyera pollyphylla), dan bako (Rihzophoraceae) yang ada disekitarnya untuk membuat peralatan dan bangunan tempat mereka tinggal berupa rumahrumah panggung guna melindungi diri mereka dari banjir, maupun dari binatang buas serta membuka lahan untuk sawah. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan sumber daya alam yang ada, masyarakat dengan kearifan mereka telah mengelola lingkungan sesuai dengan kebutuhannya.
Dermaga Kuna di Situs Kota Kapur dan Analisis Pertanggalan Absolut
Authors: Indradjaja Agustijanto , Siregar Darwin A. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Archaeological research at the Kota Kapur site is not as intensive as research on Sriwijaya Palembang, but this site can’t be separated from the kingdom of Sriwijaya. The research tried to see ancient port as part of a settlement on the site of Kota Kapur. This study focused on the remaining pillars to search for its absolute dating. Therefore, descriptive analysis and carbon dating (C-14) methods were used to answer the research problems. The results showed that the absolute dating of ancient port were similar with other archaeological data obtained from previous research. It confirms that the port is part of the settlement units in Kota Kapur site at 6th or 7th century AD.Abstrak. Penelitian arkeologi di situs Kota Kapur memang tidak seintensif penelitian tentang Sriwijaya di Palembang, namun situs Kota Kapur tidak bisa dipisahkan dari Kerajaan Sriwijaya. Penelitian kali ini mencoba melihat aspek dermaga kuna sebagai bagian dari tapak permukiman di situs Kota Kapur. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada data sisa tiang dermaga dan upaya mencari pertanggalan absolutnya. Oleh karena itu, metode analisis deskriptif dan analisis carbon dating (C-14) digunakan untuk menjawab permasalahan penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertanggalan mutlak sisa dermaga memiliki kesesuaian dengan sejumlah data arkeologi lainnya yang diperoleh dari penelitian sebelumnya. Hal ini menegaskan bahwa dermaga tersebut merupakan bagian dari unit permukiman Kota Kapur pada sekitar abad ke-6 atau 7 M.
Lukisan Dinding Gua Prasejarah di Perbatasan Indonesia –Papua Nugini
Authors: Fairyo Klementin 
Published: April 2017

Abstract. The existence of rock art in Keerom area is very interesting to study because located in the border area between Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. The Purpose of this Papua is to determine the different forms of rock art in Keerom area regarding to the function and its meaning in the past and also in order to build. An understanding of the culture in the border region. The method used in this study consist of literature studies field observations and interview and use morphological and piktoral in the analysis processed. The result showed about the form of figurative and non figurative painting on cave walls, especially in the Web and Kibay sites. The meaning of the rock art associated with a symbol of religy and as a symbol of social comunications. The role of the rock arts shows about identify and also has and important meaning in an attempt to preserve the indigenous territories.Abstrak. Penelitian tentang lukisan dinding gua di Keerom yang berbatasan dengan Papua Niugini menarik untuk dikaji. Informasi dari masyarakat menyebutkan bahwa di wilayah perbatasan banyak lukisan dinding gua yang belum diteliti secara mendalam. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ragam bentuk lukisan dinding gua di Keerom, fungsi dan makna lukisan dining gua tersebut bagi masyarakat pendukungnya serta peran lukisan dinding gua dalam mempertahankan wilayah perbatasan Indonesia. Metode penelitian yag digunakan yaitu pengumpulan data berupa studi kepustakaan, observasi lapangan dan wawancara. Pengolahan data meliputi analisis morfologi, analisis teknologi dan cara perekaman piktorial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bentuk lukisan dinding gua di Web dan Kibay yaitu lukisan figuratif dan non figuratif. Hasil karya seni tersebut merupakan himpunan simbol-simbol atau lambang-lambang yang mengandung nilai kehidupan. Makna lukisan adalah makna religi, komunikasi dan sosial. Peran lukisan dinding gua adalah sebagai tradisi berlanjut, jati diri dan mempertahankan wilayah adat.