bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Make It or Break It? Injury Impacts More Than Half of Deselected Athletes Who Dropped Out of the High‐Performance Pathway System. A 4‐Year Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Guevara Sara A. , Sheehy Daniel J. , Waddington Gordon , Drew Michael K. , Keegan Richard J. , Toohey Liam A. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTTo investigate: (1) the injury epidemiology in an Australian academy; (2) how athletes transition through the high‐performance sport (HPS) pathway; and (3) why athletes leave this HPS program. This retrospective cohort study was conducted at an Australian HPS academy over a 4‐year period. Medical attention injuries were prospectively recorded. Injury incidence rates (IIR) and burden were calculated per 365 athlete‐days, according to sport, sex, and pathway level. Athlete pathway levels were mapped to the Foundations, Talent, Elite, and Mastery (FTEM) framework. Reasons for athletes transitioning out were reported. Four hundred and eighty‐one injuries were reported across 124 athletes at an IIR of 2.09 injuries per 365 athlete‐days (95% CI = 1.91–2.29). Most athletes (103, 83.1%) were injured at least once over the 4‐year period. IIRs increased (IRR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.06–1.29, p = 0.001) as athletes progressed through the pathway. The most common reason for athlete attrition was deselection due to performance (n = 18), with 55.6% of these athletes sustaining an injury in the season prior to deselection. Injury burden was highest at E2 (119.5 days absence per 365 athlete‐days (95% CI = 62.18–229.67)) and lowest at T4 (30.47 days absence per 365 athlete‐days (95% CI = 21.98–42.24)). Injury occurrence is common across HPS, with IIRs increasing as athletes progressed to higher talent levels. Deselection due to poor performance was the main attrition factor, with more than half the deselected athletes impacted by injury prior to deselection. This study highlights an increased risk of deselection, following injury, and indicates the need for further development of prevention strategies targeting pathway athletes.
A case–control study on risk factors for visceral leishmaniasis in West Pokot County, Kenya
Authors: van Dijk Norbert J. , Carter Jane , Kiptanui David , Mens Petra F. , Schallig Henk D. F. H. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a severe parasitic disease transmitted by phlebotomine sandflies. VL is endemic in West Pokot County, Kenya, where effective strategies to interrupt transmission are impeded by the limited understanding of VL risk factors. Therefore, this case–control study aimed to explore environmental, behavioural and household determinants of VL in West Pokot.MethodsFrom November 2022 to January 2023, a structured questionnaire was administered to 36 symptomatic primary VL cases attending Kacheliba Sub‐County Hospital in West Pokot and to 50 healthy controls from local villages. The VL status of all participants was confirmed using an rK39 rapid diagnostic test. Associations between questioned determinants and VL were investigated by means of age‐corrected univariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsSignificant associations were found between VL and housing characteristics, such as window presence and floor type. VL cases more frequently reported the presence of cattle, dogs and sheep in their house yards. VL was also associated with cutting down trees in the house yard and house proximity to several Acacia tree species. Furthermore, outdoor activities, including travelling outside the residence for more than 2 weeks, activities near termite mounds, and forest activities during the rainy season, increased the risk of VL.ConclusionsThis work reports a number of previously undescribed risk factors for VL in the understudied West Pokot focus. The results suggest VL transmission occurs both peri‐domestically at night and outdoors during the day, particularly when sandfly resting sites are disturbed. Our findings warrant further research into sandfly ecology and potential zoonotic parasite reservoirs in West Pokot.
Classification conjectures for Leavitt path algebras
Authors: Cortiñas Guillermo , Hazrat Roozbeh 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe theory of Leavitt path algebras is intrinsically related, via graphs, to the theory of symbolic dynamics and ‐algebras where the major classification programs have been a domain of intense research in the last 50 years. In this article, we gather together current lines of research in the classification of Leavitt path algebras, questions, conjectures, and some of the results about them that have been obtained so far.
Regular maps from the lamplighter to metabelian groups
Authors: Gournay Antoine , Le Coz Corentin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe prove that the lamplighter group admits an injective Lipschitz map to any finitely generated metabelian group that is not virtually nilpotent. This implies that finitely generated metabelian groups satisfy the “analytically thin/analytically thick” dichotomy recently introduced by Hume, Mackay, and Tessera.
Fatigue-Related Changes in Running Technique and Mechanical Variables After a Maximal Incremental Test in Recreational Runners
Authors: Borba Edilson Fernando de , Silva Edson Soares da , Alves Lucas de Liz , Neto Adão Ribeiro Da Silva , Inda Augusto Rossa , Ibrahim Bilal Mohamad , Ribas Leonardo Rossato , Correale Luca , Peyré-Tartaruga Leonardo Alexandre , Tartaruga Marcus Peikriszwili 
Published: September 2024

Understanding the changes in running mechanics caused by fatigue is essential to assess its impact on athletic performance. Changes in running biomechanics after constant speed conditions are well documented, but the adaptive responses after a maximal incremental test are unknown. We compared the spatiotemporal, joint kinematics, elastic mechanism, and external work parameters before and after a maximal incremental treadmill test. Eighteen recreational runners performed 2-minute runs at 8 km·h−1 before and after a maximal incremental test on a treadmill. Kinematics, elastic parameters, and external work were determined using the OpenCap and OpenSim software. We did not find differences in spatiotemporal parameters and elastic parameters (mechanical work, ankle, and knee motion range) between premaximal and postmaximal test conditions. After the maximal test, the runners flexed their hips more at contact time (19.4°–20.6°, P = .013) and presented a larger range of pelvis rotation at the frontal plane (10.3°–11.4°, P = .002). The fatigue applied in the test directly affects pelvic movements; however, it does not change the lower limb motion or the spatiotemporal and mechanical work parameters in recreational runners. A larger frontal plane motion of the pelvis deserves attention due to biomechanical risk factors associated with injuries.
The HmrABCX pathway regulates the transition between motile and sessile lifestyles in
Caulobacter crescentus
by a mechanism independent of
hfiA
transcription
Authors: Zappa Sébastien , Berne Cécile , Morton III Robert I. , Whitfield Gregory B. , De Stercke Jonathan , Brun Yves V. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

During its cell cycle, the bacterium
Caulobacter crescentus
switches from a motile, free-living state, to a sessile surface-attached cell. During this coordinated process, cells undergo irreversible morphological changes, such as shedding of their polar flagellum and synthesis of an adhesive holdfast at the same pole. In this work, we used genetic screens to identify genes involved in the regulation of the transition from the motile to the sessile lifestyle. We identified a predicted hybrid histidine kinase that inhibits biofilm formation and promotes the motile lifestyle: HmrA (
h
oldfast and
m
otility
r
egulator A). Genetic screens and genomic localization led to the identification of additional genes that form a putative phosphorelay pathway with HmrA. We postulate that the Hmr pathway acts as a rheostat to control the proportion of cells harboring a flagellum or a holdfast in the population. Further genetic analysis suggests that the Hmr pathway impacts c-di-GMP synthesis through the diguanylate cyclase DgcB pathway. Our results also indicate that the Hmr pathway is involved in the regulation of motile to sessile lifestyle transition as a function of various environmental factors: biofilm formation is repressed when excess copper is present and derepressed under non-optimal temperatures. Finally, we provide evidence that the Hmr pathway regulates motility and adhesion without modulating the transcription of the holdfast synthesis regulator HfiA.

IMPORTANCE

Complex communities attached to a surface, or biofilms, represent the major lifestyle of bacteria in the environment. Such a sessile state enables the inhabitants to be more resistant to adverse environmental conditions. Thus, having a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms that regulate the transition between the motile and the sessile states could help design strategies to improve biofilms when they are beneficial or impede them when they are detrimental. For
Caulobacter crescentus
motile cells, the transition to the sessile lifestyle is irreversible, and this decision is regulated at several levels. In this work, we describe a putative phosphorelay that promotes the motile lifestyle and inhibits biofilm formation, providing new insights into the control of adhesin production that leads to the formation of biofilms.
Complete genome sequences of
Enterococcus casseliflavus
strains ASE2 and ASE4 generated by PacBio sequencing
Authors: Tran Thao D. , Lee SangIn , Hnasko Robert , McGarvey Jeffery A. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Enterococcus casseliflavus
strains ASE2 and ASE4 were isolated from the soil of a lettuce farm in Salinas, California, in 2020. Their complete genome sequences were generated by the PacBio Sequel II platform. They both consist of a single circular chromosome without plasmids.
Complete genome assembly of
Candida auris
representative strains of three geographical clades
Authors: Mahar Nirmal Singh , Kohli Surbhi , Biswas Biswambhar , Xess Immaculata , Thakur Anil , Gupta Ishaan 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

The complete genome assembly of
Candida auris
strains B11103, B11221, and B11244 is reported in this manuscript. These strains represent the three geographical clades, namely, South Asian (Clade I), South African (Clade III), and South American (Clade IV).
A quantitative approach to measure and predict microbiome response to antibiotics
Authors: Tu Vincent , Ren Yue , Tanes Ceylan , Mukhopadhyay Sagori , Daniel Scott G. , Li Hongzhe , Bittinger Kyle 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Although antibiotics induce sizable perturbations in the human microbiome, we lack a systematic and quantitative method to measure and predict the microbiome's response to specific antibiotics. Here, we introduce such a method, which takes the form of a microbiome response index (MiRIx) for each antibiotic. Antibiotic-specific MiRIx values quantify the overall susceptibility of the microbiota to an antibiotic, based on databases of bacterial phenotypes and published data on intrinsic antibiotic susceptibility. We applied our approach to five published microbiome studies that carried out antibiotic interventions with vancomycin, metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin, and doxycycline. We show how MiRIx can be used in conjunction with existing microbiome analytical approaches to gain a deeper understanding of the microbiome response to antibiotics. Finally, we generate antibiotic response predictions for the oral, skin, and gut microbiome in healthy humans. Our approach is implemented as open-source software and is readily applied to microbiome data sets generated by 16S rRNA marker gene sequencing or shotgun metagenomics.

IMPORTANCE
Antibiotics are potent influencers of the human microbiome and can be a source for enduring dysbiosis and antibiotic resistance in healthcare. Existing microbiome data analysis methods can quantify perturbations of bacterial communities but cannot evaluate whether the differences are aligned with the expected activity of a specific antibiotic. Here, we present a novel method to quantify and predict antibiotic-specific microbiome changes, implemented in a ready-to-use software package. This has the potential to be a critical tool to broaden our understanding of the relationship between the microbiome and antibiotics.
Disseminated MDR-TB missed in a patient treated with TNF inhibitor
Authors: Hansen Sophie Dam Harmundal , Rudolf Frauke , Gregersen Nina Schram , Norman Anders 
Published: September 2024

A previously healthy man developed pulmonary symptoms 2 weeks after starting treatment with a tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor. A negative interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) test was obtained prior to TNF inhibitor exposure, without consideration of the fact that the patient was already immunosuppressed and had a previous positive IGRA test 17 months earlier. The patient was treated for pneumonia twice but did not achieve remission. His physical health progressively deteriorated over the following months. Malignancy was suspected but not found. Eight months after the onset of symptoms,Mycobacterium tuberculosiswas found in samples from mediastinal lymph nodes, and the patient was diagnosed with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB).This case illustrates the diagnostic challenge of TB, the need to raise awareness of the increased risk of TB in patients treated with TNF inhibitors and the need to increase knowledge regarding the effect of immunosuppressive agents on IGRA tests.
Meta-analysis and systematic review of the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography for the detection of breast cancer
Authors: Liu Jiulin , Xiao Ran , Yin Huijia , Hu Ying , Zhen Siyu , Zhou Shihao , Han Dongming 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveThe objective is to evaluate the diagnostic effectiveness of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) in the diagnosis of breast cancer.DesignData sourcesPubMed, Embase and Cochrane libraries up to 18 June 2022.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesWe included trials studies, compared the results of different researchers on CESM in the diagnosis of breast cancer, and calculated the diagnostic value of CESM for breast cancer.Data extraction and synthesisQuality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) evaluated the methodological quality of all the included studies. The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses specification. In addition to sensitivity and specificity, other important parameters were explored in an analysis of CESM accuracy for breast cancer diagnosis. For overall accuracy estimation, summary receiver operating characteristic curves were calculated. STATA V.14.0 was used for all analyses.ResultsThis meta-analysis included a total of 12 studies. According to the summary estimates for CESM in the diagnosis of breast cancer, the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.97 (95% CI 0.92 to 0.98) and 0.76 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.85), respectively. Positive likelihood ratio was 4.03 (95% CI 2.65 to 6.11), negative likelihood ratio was 0.05 (95% CI 0.02 to 0.09) and the diagnostic odds ratio was 89.49 (95% CI 45.78 to 174.92). Moreover, there was a 0.95 area under the curve.ConclusionsThe CESM has high sensitivity and good specificity when it comes to evaluating breast cancer, particularly in women with dense breasts. Thus, provide more information for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Association between apathy and caregiver burden in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gong Zhenxiang , Deng Wenhua , Li Zehui , Tang Jiahui , Zhang Min 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship among patients’ apathy, cognitive impairment, depression, anxiety, and caregiver burden in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).DesignA cross-sectional study design was used.SettingThe study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Wuhan, Hubei, China.ParticipantsA total of 109 patients with ALS and their caregivers were included.Outcome measuresPatients with ALS were screened using the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural Screen, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 and Apathy Scale to assess their cognition, depression, anxiety and apathy, respectively. The primary caregivers completed the Zarit Burden Interview. The association between apathy, cognitive impairment, depression, anxiety and caregiver burden was analysed using logistic regression. Mediation models were employed to investigate the mediating effect of patients’ apathy on the relationship between depression/anxiety and caregiver burden.ResultsPatients in the high caregiver burden group exhibited significantly higher levels of depression, anxiety and apathy compared with those in the low caregiver burden group (p<0.05). There was a positive association observed between caregiver burden and disease course (rs=0.198, p<0.05), depression (rs=0.189, p<0.05), anxiety (rs=0.257, p<0.05) and apathy (rs=0.388, p<0.05). There was a negative association between caregiver burden and the Revised ALS Functional Rating Scale (rs=−0.275, p<0.05). Apathy was an independent risk factor for higher caregiver burden (OR 1.121, 95% CI 1.041 to 1.206, p<0.05). Apathy fully mediated the relationship between depression and caregiver burden (β=0.35, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.54, p<0.05) while partially mediating the relationship between anxiety and caregiver burden (β=0.34, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.52, p<0.05).ConclusionsApathy, depression and anxiety exerted a detrimental impact on caregiver burden in individuals with ALS. Apathy played a mediating role in the relationship between depression and caregiver burden and between anxiety and caregiver burden. These findings underscore the importance of identifying apathy and developing interventions for its management within the context of ALS.
Association between methylphenidate use and long-term cardiovascular risk in paediatric patients with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Liao Heng-Ching , Hsu Chien-Ning , Lin Fang-Ju , Gau Susan Shur-Fen , Wang Chi-Chuan 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundThere have been concerns about the potential cardiovascular (CV) adverse effects associated with methylphenidate (MTH) use. However, only limited evidence exists on the long-term safety of MTH.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether MTH use is associated with long-term CV risk.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study using 2003–2017 data from the Health and Welfare Database in Taiwan. Patients newly diagnosed with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and between 3 and 18 years of age were included. Two treatment statuses were assessed: initial treatment ≥7 days and ≥180 days. Patients treated with MTH were compared with those receiving non-medication therapy. One-to-one propensity score matching was used to balance between-group differences. Study outcomes included major CV events, chronic CV disease, cardiogenic shock and all-cause mortality. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate HRs between the two groups.ResultsWe began with 307 459 patients with ADHD. After exclusion, 224 732 patients were included in the final cohort. The results showed that compared with non-ADHD medication users, patients who were treated with MTH for more than 7 days had a similar risk of major CV events (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.99; p=0.040). Identical trends were found in groups who were treated for more than 180 days (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.00; p=0.050). The results of the sensitivity analyses were consistent with the main analyses across all groups and individual outcomes.ConclusionShort-term MTH use did not increase CV risk among patients with ADHD. More evidence on long-term MTH use and risk of cardiogenic shock and death is warranted.
Inequalities in access to and outcomes of cardiac surgery in England: retrospective analysis of Hospital Episode Statistics (2010–2019)
Authors: Lai Florence Y , Gibbison Ben , O’Cathain Alicia , Akowuah Enoch , Cleland John G , Angelini Gianni D , King Christina , Murphy Gavin J , Pufulete Maria 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundWe aimed to characterise the variation in access to and outcomes of cardiac surgery for people in England.MethodsWe included people >18 years of age with hospital admission for ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and heart valve disease (HVD) between 2010 and 2019. Within these populations, we identified people who had coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and/or valve surgery, respectively. We fitted logistic regression models to examine the effects of age, sex, ethnicity and socioeconomic deprivation on having access to surgery and in-hospital mortality, 1-year mortality and hospital readmission.ResultsWe included 292 140 people, of whom 28% were women, 11% were from an ethnic minority and 17% were from the most deprived areas. Across all types of surgery, one in five people are readmitted to hospital within 1 year, rising to almost one in four for valve surgery. Women, black people and people living in the most deprived areas were less likely to have access to surgery (CABG: 59%, 32% and 35% less likely; valve: 31%, 33% and 39% less likely, respectively) and more likely to die within 1 year of surgery (CABG: 24%, 85% and 18% more likely, respectively; valve: 19% (women) and 10% (people from most deprived areas) more likely).ConclusionsFemale sex, black ethnicity and economic deprivation are independently associated with limited access to cardiac surgery and higher post-surgery mortality. Actions are required to address these inequalities.
Observational study of the effects of maximal oxygen uptake on cognitive function and performance during prolonged military exercise
Authors: Helge Torbjörn , Windahl M , Björkman F 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionMilitary operations place high demands on many cognitive functions, and stressful events characterise the military work environment. The study aimed to examine the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness, stress response, cognitive function and military performance during prolonged military exercise.Methods66 army cadets were included in the study. The subjects participated in a 4.5-day military winter training in northern Sweden. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was estimated from a cycle test. Cognitive tests (design fluency, DF test) and measurements of heart rate variability (HRV) were conducted before and after the exercise. Assessment of military performance as an individual soldier (P-ind) and performance as a team leader (P-lead) was carried out during the final day of the exercise. Pearson’s coefficient of correlation (r) and Spearman’s rho were used to evaluate correlations, and linear regressions were used to examine the relationships between VO2max, HRV, DF test scores and military performance. Simple mediation analyses were performed with DF test scores and military performance (P-ind, P-lead) as dependent variables, VO2max as a predictor and HRV as a mediator.ResultsPost-exercise HRV was related to military performance (P-ind:r=0.40, p<0.01; P-lead:r=0.32, p<0.05). Absolute VO2max was positively correlated with P-ind (r=0.28, p<0.05), and the effect of VO2max on military performance was mediated by HRV. Post-test DF scores were negatively correlated with post-exercise HRV (total correct designs:r=−0.26, p<0.05; total incorrect designs:r=−0.27, p<0.05).ConclusionsResults suggest that high absolute VO2max predicts military performance by reducing the stress response to prolonged military exercise. Aerobic capacity may provide a meaningful effect on the ability to preserve military performance. Future studies need to identify thresholds for this capacity.Pre-registrationThe protocol was retrospectively registered at OSF (https://osf.io/), registration DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/ND6XM.