bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Mango Kernel Fats Extracted from 11 China‐Specific Varieties and Their Typically Fractionated Fractions
Authors: Jin Jun , Warda Pembe , Mu Hongyan , Zhang Youfeng , Jie Liang , Mao Jiahui , Xie Dan , Huang Jianhua , Jin Qingzhe , Wang Xingguo 
Published: June 2016

Abstract11 China‐specific mango varieties, i.e., Tainong, Xiangya, Okrong, Keitt, Chiin Hwang, Guifei, Yuexi, Biantao, Guixiang, Zihua and Guire, were selected from South China, and the kernels were separated from pulps and then dried to extract mango kernel fats (MKF). 5.65–11.14 % of the fats could be obtained from dried kernels using hexane extraction, and their iodine values, slip melting points, triacylglycerols, sn‐2 fatty acids and micronutrients were analyzed. MKF were comprised predominantly of triacylglycerols reaching 85.09–92.72, and 78.28–84.37 % of oleic at the sn‐2 position. 29.99–55.44 % of SOS, 11.17–23.34 % of SOO and 13.10–19.79 % of POS occupied the main percentages of triacylglycerols, indicating MKF have diversified application after fractionation. Certain variety characterized as moderate values mentioned above, therefore, was selected and then fractionated by two‐stage processes to produce typical MKF fractions. The stearin (Fraction‐II) fractionated from the first solid fraction (Fraction‐I) with 68.09 % of SOS and 15.43 % of POS was more suitable as cocoa butter improver, while the olein (Fraction‐III) produced from the first liquid fraction was rich in SOO (45.59 %), POO (11.37 %) and OOO (11.14 %), which are considered as ideal cooking oil or frying fat ingredients. In addition, high amounts of micronutrients, including sterol, tocopherol and squalene, were also found in MKF ranged from 3837 to 7085, 81 to 916, and 164 to 941 mg/kg among different varieties, respectively. In particular, squalene levels were higher compared with most of other vegetable oils.
Impaired olfactory function in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Koseoglu Sezen Bozkurt , Koseoglu Sabri , Deveer Ruya , Derin Serhan , Kececioglu Mehmet , Sahan Murat 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder which affects 6.6% of women of child‐bearing age. Although olfactory dysfunction is frequent in the population and it negatively affects quality of life, neither physicians or patients consider this important. This case‐control study included 30 patients diagnosed with PCOS, and 25 healthy age‐matched controls. Sniffin' sticks tests (BurghartGmbH, Wedel, Germany) were used to analyze olfactory functions, and the Beck Depression Inventory was used to evaluate depressive symptoms. The total odor score was significantly lower in the PCOS group compared to the control group (p < 0.005). The Beck depression score was higher in the PCOS group (p < 0.005). There was a negative correlation between the total odor score and the Beck Depression Score. Patients with PCOS have impaired olfactory function. This might be related to depressive disorders that are also observed in those patients.
Current status and future perspective of laparoscopic surgery in hepatobiliary disease
Authors: Choi Sae Byeol , Choi Sang Yong 
Published: June 2016

AbstractRecent advances in minimally invasive surgery include laparoscopic and robotic surgery. These surgical techniques have changed the paradigm of surgical treatment for hepatobiliary diseases. Minimally invasive surgery has the advantages of minimal wound extension for cosmetic effect, early postoperative recovery, and few postoperative complications in patients. For laparoscopic liver resection, the indications have been expanded and oncological outcome was proven to be similar with open surgery in the malignant disease. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a classical operation for benign gallbladder diseases and the effort to decrease the surgical wound resulted to perform single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy. For choledochal cyst, laparoscopic surgery is applied gradually despite of the difficulties associated with anastomosis, and robotic surgery for hepatobiliary disease is also performed for more minimally invasive surgery; however, while admitting the advantage of robotic surgery, robotic technology should be improved for development of more convenient and cheaper instrument and continuous efforts to enhance surgical technique to overcome long operation is necessary. In this review, the status and future perspectives of minimally invasive surgery for hepatobiliary diseases are summarized and discussed.
Museum Representations of Roman Britain and Roman London: A Post-colonial Perspective
Authors: Polm Martijn 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper offers a post-colonial analysis of past and present representations of the archaeological remains of Roman Britain and Roman London in the British Museum and Museum of London respectively. Since post-colonial criticism of Romano-British archaeology is highly relevant to such an analysis, a brief description is provided at the outset. Thereafter follows a series of six case studies — three for each museum. The first four focus on the history of the Romano-British collections at both museums and sometimes draw on post-colonial insights to explain the development of these collections and the ways in which they were exhibited. The last two case studies investigate how British post-colonial criticism of Roman archaeology has (or has not) impacted on the current displays of the Romano-British collections at both museums. Finally, some recommendations will be offered based on the outcomes of these two case studies. Recurring themes are the representation of: the Roman military; Roman imperialism; the (material) culture of Roman Britain and Roman London.
Children's use of evaluative devices in spoken and written narratives
Authors: DRIJBOOMS ELISE , GROEN MARGRIET A. , VERHOEVEN LUDO 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis study investigated the development of evaluation in narratives from middle to late childhood, within the context of differentiating between spoken and written modalities. Two parallel forms of a picture story were used to elicit spoken and written narratives from fourth- and sixth-graders. It was expected that, in addition to an increase of evaluative devices with age, written narratives would exhibit a higher frequency and diversity as a result of the intrinsic differences between the two modalities. From a developmental perspective, the results showed that only few categories exhibited the expected increase with age. Qualitative analyses provided a fruitful method to illustrate developmental changes. The results further indicated that modality had the expected impact on the diversity, and on the frequency, of most categories of evaluative language. Specifically, markers of decontextualized language and categories with a high degree of syntactic complexity were prone to modality differences.
Transglutaminase 2 has opposing roles in the regulation of cellular functions as well as cell growth and death
Authors: Tatsukawa H , Furutani Y , Hitomi K , Kojima S 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTransglutaminase 2 (TG2) is primarily known as the most ubiquitously expressed member of the transglutaminase family with Ca2+-dependent protein crosslinking activity; however, this enzyme exhibits multiple additional functions through GTPase, cell adhesion, protein disulfide isomerase, kinase, and scaffold activities and is associated with cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. TG2 is found in the extracellular matrix, plasma membrane, cytosol, mitochondria, recycling endosomes, and nucleus, and its subcellular localization is an important determinant of its function. Depending upon the cell type and stimuli, TG2 changes its subcellular localization and biological activities, playing both anti- and pro-apoptotic roles. Increasing evidence indicates that the GTP-bound form of the enzyme (in its closed form) protects cells from apoptosis but that the transamidation activity of TG2 (in its open form) participates in both facilitating and inhibiting apoptosis. A difficulty in the study and understanding of this enigmatic protein is that opposing effects have been reported regarding its roles in the same physiological and/or pathological systems. These include neuroprotective or neurodegenerative effects, hepatic cell growth-promoting or hepatic cell death-inducing effects, exacerbating or having no effect on liver fibrosis, and anti- and pro-apoptotic effects on cancer cells. The reasons for these discrepancies have been ascribed to TG2’s multifunctional activities, genetic variants, conformational changes induced by the immediate environment, and differences in the genetic background of the mice used in each of the experiments. In this article, we first report that TG2 has opposing roles like the protagonist in the novel Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, followed by a summary of the controversies reported, and finally discuss the possible reasons for these discrepancies.
A20 prevents chronic liver inflammation and cancer by protecting hepatocytes from death
Authors: Catrysse L , Farhang Ghahremani M , Vereecke L , Youssef S A , Mc Guire C , Sze M , Weber A , Heikenwalder M , de Bruin A , Beyaert R , van Loo G 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAn important regulator of inflammatory signalling is the ubiquitin-editing protein A20 that acts as a break on nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation, but also exerts important cytoprotective functions. A20 knockout mice are cachectic and die prematurely due to excessive multi-organ inflammation. To establish the importance of A20 in liver homeostasis and pathology, we developed a novel mouse line lacking A20 specifically in liver parenchymal cells. These mice spontaneously develop chronic liver inflammation but no fibrosis or hepatocellular carcinomas, illustrating an important role for A20 in normal liver tissue homeostasis. Hepatocyte-specific A20 knockout mice show sustained NF-κB-dependent gene expression in the liver upon tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or lipopolysaccharide injection, as well as hepatocyte apoptosis and lethality upon challenge with sublethal doses of TNF, demonstrating an essential role for A20 in the protection of mice against acute liver failure. Finally, chronic liver inflammation and enhanced hepatocyte apoptosis in hepatocyte-specific A20 knockout mice was associated with increased susceptibility to chemically or high fat-diet-induced hepatocellular carcinoma development. Together, these studies establish A20 as a crucial hepatoprotective factor.
Continuous exposure of pancreatic cancer cells to dietary bioactive agents does not induce drug resistance unlike chemotherapy
Authors: Fan P , Zhang Y , Liu L , Zhao Z , Yin Y , Xiao X , Bauer N , Gladkich J , Mattern J , Gao C , Schemmer P , Gross W , Herr I 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe repeated treatment of cancer cells with chemo- or radiotherapy induces therapy resistance, but it was previously unknown whether the same effect occurs upon continuous exposure of cancer cells to diet-derived chemopreventive agents. We elucidated this interesting question in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, which is a highly aggressive cancer entity with a marked resistance toward gemcitabine and other cytotoxic drugs. The isothiocyanate sulforaphane, present in cruciferous vegetables, and the polyphenol quercetin, present in many fruits and vegetables induced apoptosis and reduced viability in gemcitabine-sensitive BxPC-3 cells but not in non-malignant ductal pancreas cells and mesenchymal stromal cells. In turn, BxPC-3 cells were treated with increasing concentrations of gemcitabine, sulforaphane or quercetin for more than 1 year and the surviving subclones Bx-GEM, Bx-SF and Bx-Q were selected, respectively. While Bx-GEM cells acquired a total resistance, Bx-SF or Bx-Q cells largely kept their sensitivity as proved by MTT assay, annexin staining and FACS analysis. The evaluation of the self-renewal-, differentiation- and migration-potential by colony formation, differentiation or migration assays demonstrated that cancer stem cell features were enriched in gemcitabine-resistant cells, but decreased in sulforaphane- and quercetin-long time-treated cells. These results were confirmed by orthotopic xenotransplantation of cancer cells to the mouse pancreas, where Bx-GEM formed large, Bx-Q small and Bx-SF cells almost undetectable tumors. An mRNA expression profiling array and subsequent gene set enrichment analysis and qRT-PCR confirmed that tumor progression markers were enriched in Bx-GEM, but reduced in Bx-SF and Bx-Q cells. This study demonstrates that the continuous exposure of pancreatic cancer cells to sulforaphane or quercetin does not induce resistance in surviving cells but reduces tumorigenicity by inhibition of tumor progression markers. These results highlight that cancer cells may not adapt to the preventive and therapeutic effects of a regular fruit- and vegetable-based diet.
Initialized decadal prediction for transition to positive phase of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation
Authors: Meehl Gerald A. , Hu Aixue , Teng Haiyan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe negative phase of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO), a dominant mode of multi-decadal variability of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the Pacific, contributed to the reduced rate of global surface temperature warming in the early 2000s. A proposed mechanism for IPO multidecadal variability indicates that the presence of decadal timescale upper ocean heat content in the off-equatorial western tropical Pacific can provide conditions for an interannual El Niño/Southern Oscillation event to trigger a transition of tropical Pacific SSTs to the opposite IPO phase. Here we show that a decadal prediction initialized in 2013 simulates predicted Niño3.4 SSTs that have qualitatively tracked the observations through 2015. The year three to seven average prediction (2015–2019) from the 2013 initial state shows a transition to the positive phase of the IPO from the previous negative phase and a resumption of larger rates of global warming over the 2013–2022 period consistent with a positive IPO phase.
Generation of mice with longer and better preserved telomeres in the absence of genetic manipulations
Authors: Varela Elisa , Muñoz-Lorente Miguel A. , Tejera Agueda M. , Ortega Sagrario , Blasco Maria A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAlthough telomere length is genetically determined, mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells with telomeres of twice the normal size have been generated. Here, we use such ES cells with ‘hyper-long’ telomeres, which also express green fluorescent protein (GFP), to generate chimaeric mice containing cells with both hyper-long and normal telomeres. We show that chimaeric mice contain GFP-positive cells in all mouse tissues, display normal tissue histology and normal survival. Both hyper-long and normal telomeres shorten with age, but GFP-positive cells retain longer telomeres as mice age. Chimaeric mice with hyper-long telomeres also accumulate fewer cells with short telomeres and less DNA damage with age, and express lower levels of p53. In highly renewing compartments, such as the blood, cells with hyper-long telomeres are longitudinally maintained or enriched with age. We further show that wound-healing rates in the skin are increased in chimaeric mice. Our work demonstrates that mice with functional, longer and better preserved telomeres can be generated without the need for genetic manipulations, such as TERT overexpression.
Pre-40S ribosome biogenesis factor Tsr1 is an inactive structural mimic of translational GTPases
Authors: McCaughan Urszula M. , Jayachandran Uma , Shchepachev Vadim , Chen Zhuo Angel , Rappsilber Juri , Tollervey David , Cook Atlanta G. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBudding yeast Tsr1 is a ribosome biogenesis factor with sequence similarity to GTPases, which is essential for cytoplasmic steps in 40S subunit maturation. Here we present the crystal structure of Tsr1 at 3.6 Å. Tsr1 has a similar domain architecture to translational GTPases such as EF-Tu and the selenocysteine incorporation factor SelB. However, active site residues required for GTP binding and hydrolysis are absent, explaining the lack of enzymatic activity in previous analyses. Modelling of Tsr1 into cryo-electron microscopy maps of pre-40S particles shows that a highly acidic surface of Tsr1 is presented on the outside of pre-40S particles, potentially preventing premature binding to 60S subunits. Late pre-40S maturation also requires the GTPase eIF5B and the ATPase Rio1. The location of Tsr1 is predicted to block binding by both factors, strongly indicating that removal of Tsr1 is an essential step during cytoplasmic maturation of 40S ribosomal subunits.
Fluorescence microscopy as an alternative to electron microscopy for microscale dispersion evaluation of organic–inorganic composites
Authors: Guan Weijiang , Wang Si , Lu Chao , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: June 2016

AbstractInorganic dispersion is of great importance for actual implementation of advanced properties of organic–inorganic composites. Currently, electron microscopy is the most conventional approach for observing dispersion of inorganic fillers from ultrathin sections of organic–inorganic composites at the nanoscale by professional technicians. However, direct visualization of macrodispersion of inorganic fillers in organic–inorganic composites using high-contrast fluorescent imaging method is hampered. Here we design and synthesize a unique fluorescent surfactant, which combines the properties of the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and amphiphilicity, to image macrodispersion of montmorillonite and layered double hydroxide fillers in polymer matrix. The proposed fluorescence imaging provides a number of important advantages over electron microscope imaging, and opens a new avenue in the development of direct three-dimensional observation of inorganic filler macrodispersion in organic–inorganic composites.
14-3-3γ Prevents Centrosome Amplification and Neoplastic Progression
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Amitabha , Sehgal Lalit , Bose Arunabha , Gulvady Anushree , Senapati Parijat , Thorat Rahul , Basu Srikanta , Bhatt Khyati , Hosing Amol S. , Balyan Renu , Borde Lalit , Kundu Tapas K. , Dalal Sorab N. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMore than 80% of malignant tumors show centrosome amplification and clustering. Centrosome amplification results from aberrations in the centrosome duplication cycle, which is strictly coordinated with DNA-replication-cycle. However, the relationship between cell-cycle regulators and centrosome duplicating factors is not well understood. This report demonstrates that 14-3-3γ localizes to the centrosome and 14-3-3γ loss leads to centrosome amplification. Loss of 14-3-3γ results in the phosphorylation of NPM1 at Thr-199, causing early centriole disjunction and centrosome hyper-duplication. The centrosome amplification led to aneuploidy and increased tumor formation in mice. Importantly, an increase in passage of the 14-3-3γ-knockdown cells led to an increase in the number of cells containing clustered centrosomes leading to the generation of pseudo-bipolar spindles. The increase in pseudo-bipolar spindles was reversed and an increase in the number of multi-polar spindles was observed upon expression of a constitutively active 14-3-3-binding-defective-mutant of cdc25C (S216A) in the 14-3-3γ knockdown cells. The increase in multi-polar spindle formation was associated with decreased cell viability and a decrease in tumor growth. Our findings uncover the molecular basis of regulation of centrosome duplication by 14-3-3γ and inhibition of tumor growth by premature activation of the mitotic program and the disruption of centrosome clustering.
Anomalous uptake and circulatory characteristics of the plant-based small RNA MIR2911
Authors: Yang Jian , Hotz Tremearne , Broadnax LaCassidy , Yarmarkovich Mark , Elbaz-Younes Ismail , Hirschi Kendal D. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractInconsistent detection of plant-based dietary small RNAs in circulation has thwarted the use of dietary RNA therapeutics. Here we demonstrate mice consuming diets rich in vegetables displayed enhanced serum levels of the plant specific small RNA MIR2911. Differential centrifugation, size-exclusion chromatography and proteinase K treatment of plant extracts suggest this RNA resides within a proteinase K-sensitive complex. Plant derived MIR2911 was more bioavailable than the synthetic RNA. Furthermore, MIR2911 exhibited unusual digestive stability compared with other synthetic plant microRNAs. The characteristics of circulating MIR2911 were also unusual as it was not associated with exosomes and fractionated as a soluble complex that was insensitive to proteinase K treatment, consistent with MIR2911 being stabilized by modifications conferred by the host. These results indicate that intrinsic stability and plant-based modifications orchestrate consumer uptake of this anomalous plant based small RNA and invite revisiting plant-based microRNA therapeutic approaches.
Erythrocyte intracellular Mg2+ concentration as an index of recognition and memory
Authors: Xiong Wenxiang , Liang Yaru , Li Xue , Liu Guosong , Wang Zhao 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMagnesium (Mg2+) plays an important role in the neural system, and yet scarcely any research has quantitatively analyzed the link between endogenous Mg2+ level and memory. Using our original technique, we measured erythrocyte intracellular ionized Mg2+ concentration (RBC [Mg2+]i), which linearly correlated to recognition and spatial memory in normal aging rats. In the brain, RBC [Mg2+]i significantly correlated to hippocampus extracellular fluid Mg2+ concentration, and further correlated to hippocampal synapse density. Elevation of Mg2+ intake in aged rats demonstrated an association between RBC [Mg2+]i increase and memory recovery. The therapeutic effect of Mg2+ administration was inversely correlated to individual basal RBC [Mg2+]i. In summary, we provide a method to measure RBC [Mg2+]i, an ideal indicator of body Mg2+ level. RBC [Mg2+]i represents rodent memory performance in our study, and might further serve as a potential biomarker for clinical differential diagnosis and precise treatment of Mg2+-deficiency-associated memory decline during aging.
Carbon isotope fractionation reveals distinct process of CH4 emission from different compartments of paddy ecosystem
Authors: Zhang Guangbin , Yu Haiyang , Fan Xianfang , Ma Jing , Xu Hua 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCarbon isotopic fractionations in the processes of CH4 emission from paddy field remain poorly understood. The δ13C-values of CH4 in association with production, oxidation and transport of CH4 in different pools of a paddy field were determined, and the stable carbon isotope fractionations were calibrated to assess relative contribution of acetate to CH4 production (fac) and fraction of CH4 oxidized (fox) by different pathways. The apparent isotope fractionation for CO2 conversion to CH4 (αapp) was 1.041–1.056 in the soil and 1.046–1.080 on the roots, indicating that fac was 10–60% and 0–50%, respectively. Isotope fractionation associated with CH4 oxidation (αox) was 1.021 ± 0.007 in the soil and 1.013 ± 0.005 on the roots, and the transport fractionation (εtransport) by rice plants was estimated to be −16.7‰ ~ −11.1‰. Rhizospheric fox was about 30–100%, and it was more important at the beginning but decreased fast towards the end of season. Large value of fox was also observed at the soil-water interface and soil and roots surfaces, respectively. The results demonstrate that carbon isotopic fractionations which might be different in different conditions were sensitive to the estimations of fac and fox in paddy field.