bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Magnetorheological Fluids and Elastomers in Today’s World
Authors: Skalski Paweł , Kalita Klaudia 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This paper explains the role of magnetorheological fluids and elastomers in today’s world. A review of applications of magnetorheological fluids and elastomers in devices and machines is presented. Magnetorheological fluids and elastomers belong to the smart materials family. Properties of magnetorheological fluids and elastomers can be controlled by a magnetic field. Compared with magnetorheological fluids, magnetorheological elastomers overcome the problems accompanying applications of MR fluids, such as sedimentation, sealing issues and environmental contamination. Magnetorheological fluids and elastomers, due to their ability of dampening vibrations in the presence of a controlled magnetic field, have great potential present and future applications in transport. Magnetorheological fluids are used e.g. dampers, shock absorbers, clutches and brakes. Magnetorheological dampers and magnetorheological shock absorbers are applied e.g. in damping control, in the operation of buildings and bridges, as well as in damping of high-tension wires. In the automotive industry, new solutions involving magnetorheological elastomer are increasingly patented e.g. adaptive system of energy absorption, system of magnetically dissociable [hooks/detents/grips], an vibration reduction system of the car’s drive shaft. The application of magnetorheological elastomer in the aviation structure is presented as well.
Synthesis of Barium Titanate Piezoelectric Ceramics for Multilayer Actuators (MLAs)
Authors: Biglar Mojtaba , Gromada Magdalena , Stachowicz Feliks , Trzepieciński Tomasz 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
In this paper the characteristics of BaTiO3 ceramics synthesized by solid state method is presented. In order to receive the monophase ceramics the double activation and calcination were applied. A spray drier was used to granulate the powder of BaTiO3. Isostatic and uniaxial pressing were applied to manufacture the barium titanate pellets. The properties of fabricated BaTiO3 ceramics were determined at different stages of production. After the sintering phase, the hardness, the bending strength, the fracture toughness, and the coefficient of thermal expansion of barium titanate sinter were estimated. The BaTiO3 powder is characterized by spherical grains and the average size of 0.5 μm. The small value of the specific surface area of granulate ensured good properties of material mouldability and finally allowed to receive sinters of high density.
Thermal Stresses Due to Frictional Heating with Time-Dependent Specific Power of Friction
Authors: Topczewska Katarzyna 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
In this paper influence of temporal profile of the specific friction power (i.e. the product of the coefficient of friction, sliding velocity and contact pressure) on thermal stresses in a friction element during braking was investigated. Spatio-temporal distributions of thermal stresses were analytically determined for a subsurface layer of the friction element, based on the model of thermal bending of a thick plate with unfixed edges (Timoshenko and Goodier, 1970). To conduct calculations, the fields of dimensionless temperature were used. These fields were received in the article (Topczewska, 2017) as solutions to a one-dimensional boundary-value problem of heat conduction for a semi-space heated on its outer surface by fictional heat flux with three, different time profiles of the friction power.
Asymptotic Approximations to the Non-Isothermal Distributed Activation Energy Model for Bio-Mass Pyrolysis
Authors: Dhaundiyal Alok , Singh Suraj B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This paper describes the influence of some parameters significant to biomass pyrolysis on the numerical solutions of the non-isothermal nth order distributed activation energy model (DAEM) using the Gamma distribution and discusses the special case for the positive integer value of the scale parameter (λ), i.e. the Erlang distribution. Investigated parameters are the integral upper limit, the frequency factor, the heating rate, the reaction order, and the shape and rate parameters of the Gamma distribution. Influence of these parameters has been considered for the determination of the kinetic parameters of the non-isothermal nth order Gamma distribution from the experimentally derived thermoanalytical data of biomass pyrolysis. Mathematically, the effect of parameters on numerical solution is also used for predicting the behaviour of the unpyrolysized fraction of biomass with respect to temperature. Analysis of the mathematical model is based upon asymptotic expansions, which leads to the systematic methods for efficient way to determine the accurate approximations. The proposed method, therefore, provides a rapid and highly effective way for estimating the kinetic parameters and the distribution of activation energies.
Dry Ice Compaction in Piston Extrusion Process
Authors: Górecki Jan , Malujda Ireneusz , Talaśka Krzysztof , Wojtkowiak Dominik 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The article presents the results of research on the effect of extrusion tube geometry on the axial force being the key parameter of the dry ice piston extrusion process. The tests were carried out with the experimental set-up based on a cylindrical extrusion tube used alone and supplemented with reducer (orifice). The focus of the experiments was to determine the effect of compression tube reducer on the value of the force of resistance FOP in the dry ice compression process. Its value can subsequently be used as the basis for establishing guidelines for designing and building machines for compression and pelletizing of dry ice.
Simulation of Processes Occurring in the Extrusion Head Used in Additive Manufacturing Technology
Authors: Prusinowski Artur , Kaczyński Roman 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The purpose of this research is unsatisfactory state of knowledge of the abrasive wear of composites with thermoplastic polymer as matrix material and reinforcing material in the form of short and focused carbon fibers that can be used in additive manufacturing technologies. The paper presents a conceptual design of an extrusion head used in Fused Deposition Technology, which allows for the implementation of appropriately stacked fibers at the level of detail production. Finite element simulation was performed to simulate the thermal effect of the system to demonstrate the effect of head cooling on the system. The assumed extrusion temperature of the material was obtained at a uniform nozzle temperature and stable temperature of the entire system. Flow simulation of thermoplastic polymer was carried out in the designed extrusion nozzle. By supplying 0.5 mm wire of 1.75 mm diameter thermoplastic material to the nozzle, the extrusion rate was 0.192 m/s. The proper design of the extrusion head for the intended applications has been demonstrated and the purpose of further research in this field has been confirmed.
Numerical Simulation of Shear Slitting Process of Grain Oriented Silicon Steel using SPH Method
Authors: Bohdal Łukasz , Tandecka Katarzyna , Kałduński Paweł 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Mechanical cutting allows separating of sheet material at low cost and therefore remains the most popular way to produce laminations for electrical machines and transformers. However, recent investigations revealed the deteriorating effect of cutting on the magnetic properties of the material close to the cut edge. The deformations generate elastic stresses in zones adjacent to the area of plastically deformed and strongly affect the magnetic properties. The knowledge about residual stresses is necessary in designing the process. This paper presents the new apprach of modeling residual stresses induced in shear slitting of grain oriented electrical steel using mesh-free method. The applications of SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics) methodology to the simulation and analysis of 3D shear slitting process is presented. In experimental studies, an advanced vision-based technology based on digital image correlation (DIC) for monitoring the cutting process is used.
Investigation of Indentation Fracture Toughness (KIC) and Weibull Parameters of 0.25Li2O.2SiO2-0.75BaO.2SiO2 Glass-Ceramic
Authors: Ertuğ B. , Çetiner B. Nilgün , Gökçe H. , Erkmen Z. Engin , Öveçoğlu M. Lütfi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn the present study, mechanical properties of 0.25Li2O.2SiO2-0.75BaO.2SiO2glass-ceramic were investigated. The trans-formations‘ temperatures were determined by DTA instrument. The optimum nucleation temperature was found to be 540°C. This suggested the crystallization temperatures as 675, 720 and 800°C. After carrying out crystallization heat treatments, Vickers indentation test was applied. In order to determine the indentation fracture toughness (KIC), crack half-length ‚c‘ of the samples was measured. To calculateKIC, Young’s modulus,Eand the measured hardness,Hvwere used. UsingKICand probability of fracture ‚P‘, ln ln[1/(1 −P)] – lnKICgraph was drawn based on the Weibull distribution equation. Consequently, Weibull modulus, ‚m‘ and scale parameter, ‚K0‘ were determined and compared with each other.
Wear Characteristics of FeW/FeW-B4C Coatings Produced by TIG Process
Authors: Islak S. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this study, wear properties of FeW-B4C coatings produced by tungsten inert gas (TIG) process on the AISI 1060 steel were investigated. TIG process was selected because it is a cost-effective approach for melting-based coatings. The treated surfaces were evaluated and characterized by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis, and electron dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The microhardness and wear experiment were also performed by using a microhardness machine and ball-on-disk tribometer. SEM observations showed that the obtained coating had a smooth and uniform surface. According to XRD analysis, borides and carbides phases formed in the coatings. The wear behavior of the coatings was compared with ball-on-disc configuration wear tests, at the same conditions. Average coefficient of friction values of the coatings were obtained at relatively low levels.
Austenite Grain Size Estimtion from Chord Lengths of Logarithmic-Normal Distribution
Authors: Adrian H. , Wiencek K. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractLinear section of grains in polyhedral material microstructure is a system of chords. The mean length of chords is the linear grain size of the microstructure. For the prior austenite grains of low alloy structural steels, the chord length is a random variable of gamma- or logarithmic-normal distribution. The statistical grain size estimation belongs to the quantitative metallographic problems. The so-called point estimation is a well known procedure. The interval estimation (grain size confidence interval) for the gamma distribution was given elsewhere, but for the logarithmic-normal distribution is the subject of the present contribution. The statistical analysis is analogous to the one for the gamma distribution.
The Influence of Mo Content on Phase Transformation in Ti-Mo Alloys
Authors: Sochacka P. , Miklaszewski A. , Jurczyk M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTitaniumβ-type alloys are a class of interesting biomaterials that can exhibit a unique combination of mechanical as well as physicochemical and biological properties. The aim of this study is to develop a titanium-molybdenum alloys (Ti-x at % Mo,x= 15 and 23). These materials were prepared by the combination of mechanical alloying and powder metallurgical process. The details of the processing method were presented. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron micros-copy, chemical composition determination as well as density and Vickers microhardness measurements. The corrosion behaviour in Ringer solution was investigated, too. The crystallization of the obtained material upon annealing led to the formation of a near singleβtype alloys. The molybdenum content in titanium and heat treatment parameters of a nearly amorphous phase allow to synthesize Ti(β)-type alloys. The present study has demonstrated that Ti23Mo alloy can be the next generation of biomaterial for bone tissue engineering.
Influence of PAA on the Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Electrophoretically Deposited SiO2 and Ni/SiO2 Coatings on X2CrNiMo17-12-2 Steel
Authors: Ratajski T. , Kalemba-Rec I. , Dubiel B. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe effect of anionic surfactant in the form of polyacrylic acid (PAA) on the electrophoretic deposition of the SiO2and Ni/SiO2coatings on X2CrNiMo17-12-2 stainless steel was examined. Parameters of the process, such as chemical composition of the suspensions, voltage between the electrodes and the deposition time were experimentally selected. Zeta potential measurements showed a beneficial effect of polyacrylic acid on the SiO2and Ni particles stability in ethanol. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy studies revealed that the microstructure of the coatings obtained from the suspensions containing polyelectrolyte is more homogenous and has less amount of desiccation cracks on the surface. The results of the polarization tests have shown that addition of anionic surfactant improves also corrosion resistance of the coatings in 3.5% NaCl solution.
A Study of Susceptibility and Evaluation of Causes of Cracks Formation in Braze-Weld Filler Metal in Lap Joints Aluminum – Carbon Steel Made with Use of CMT Method and High Power Diode Laser
Authors: Adamiak M. , Wyględacz B. , Czupryński A. , Górka J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
In this article results of studies on cracks formation susceptibility in braze-welded joints of thin aluminum sheets and double-sided zinc galvanized steel sheets for car body parts made by laser brazing with high power diode laser ROFIN DL 020 and CMT MIG-brazing, with filler material in form of powder and wire accordingly, were presented. Optimal welding parameters were determined by visual acceptance criteria. On joints made with optimal parameters further examinations were carried. Results of macro- and microscopic metallographic examinations, structural roentgenography, EDS microanalysis and hardness tests were presented. Causes of brittle intermetallic Fe-Al phases formation in Al-matrix filler metal in dissimilar aluminum – zinc plated carbon steel joints were pointed.
The Effect of Mn Content on the Structure and Properties of PM Mn Steels
Authors: Tenerowicz M. , Sułowski M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe aim of the study was to examine how a reduction of Mn content in PM steels will affect their plastic and strength properties. The results of mechanical, metallographic and fractography tests of sintered (PM) steels containing 1% and 2% Mn are reported and compared with those for 3% Mn PM steel. Höganäs iron powder grade NC 100.24, low-carbon ferromanganese Elkem and graphite powder grade C-UF were used as the starting powders. Powder mixes Fe-(1-2)%Mn-0.8%C were prepared in a Turbula mixer for 30 minutes. Following mixing, “dog bone” compacts were single pressed at 660 MPa, according to PN-EN ISO 2740 standard. Sintering of compacts was carried out in a laboratory tube furnace at 1120°C and 1250°C for 60 minutes in a mixture of 95%N2– 5%H2in a semi-closed container. Three types of heat treatment were then used: sinterhardening (cooling rate – 66°C/min), slow furnace cooling (cooling rate 3.5°C/min) and tempering at 200°C. The studies have shown a beneficial effect of the reduction of manganese on plastic properties (up to 7.96%), while maintaining fracture strengths (UTSs) comparable to those of steel with higher contents of manganese. Currently detailed studies of steel containing 1%Mn are conducted.
Application of FMEA in the Quality Estimation of Metal Matrix Composite Castings Produced by Squeeze Infiltration
Authors: Gawdzińska K. , Chybowski L. , Przetakiewicz W. , Laskowski R. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMetal matrix composites (MMCs) are still scarcely described due to various combinations of used materials and a wide array of technologies. Applying the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) method to describe the quality of metal composite castings may contribute to eliminating specific (characteristic only to these materials) defects. This part of the analysis determines the criticality numbers, meaning the frequency of a given failure, detectability level and significance of a given failure to the group of specific composite casting failures. It contributes to establishing the priority number (P), which is a measure used to assess risk, a notion essential in discussing quality in a composite casting.
Determination of Moisture Content in Synthetic Moulding Sand on the Grounds of Relative Permittivity Measurement
Authors: Nowak D. , Gal B. , Granat K. , Jaworski G. , Więcławek R. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe presented research was aimed at searching for an exact and effective method of determining moisture content in traditional moulding sands. By measuring resonance frequency and quality factor of a waveguide resonance cavity, relative permittivity was determined for different synthetic moulding sands. Analysis of the presented results confirms a linear relation between relative permittivity values and moisture content values in the selected traditional moulding sands. The obtained linear relationship can be used as a reference characteristic for evaluation of humidity of moulding sand.
The Use of Numerical Modelling to Determine the Conditions of Regeneration of Medium Carbon Steel
Authors: Bęczkowski R. , Wróbel J. , Kulawik A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn the paper, the regeneration process of the material in grade C45 using the MAG welding was analysed. The effect of preheating on the properties of the regenerated layers was determined. Preheating technology was used to facilitate the process of regeneration and minimize the risk of imperfections. The use of numerical methods allows one to observe the direction of changes in the properties, structures and emerging stresses and accompanying strains of the elements depending on the temperature applied for preheating. Modeling of the stress state in the element made of medium carbon steel during the regeneration process was performed on original software based on the finite element method. The implemented numerical model consists of three basic elements – thermal phenomena, mechanical phenomena and phase transformations in the solid state. The performed numerical analysis made determining the optimum heating conditions possible, so that the material in the area of joint didn’t show tendency to create structural notches associated with the stress state.
Examination of Mechanical and Electrical Properties and Structure of Selected Aluminum Alloy Sheets Produced from TRC Semi-Products
Authors: Ścięźor W. , Kiesiewicz G. , Kowal R. , Franczak K. , Grzebinoga J. , Mamala A. , Kwaśniewski P. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractModern manufacturing methods of non-ferrous metals, especially aluminum and its alloys, are more and more often based on integrated technologies combining multiple operations in a single process. One of the most popular methods for producing flat components by cold working is twin roll casting technology (TRC). It allows to eliminate from manufacturing the extremely expensive hot rolling operation, as the TRC semi-product (strip) can be directly cold rolled. The results of mechanical and electrical properties and structure examination of strips after casting were presented in the paper. The effect of cold rolling parameters on post-process mechanical properties and structure of sheets was investigated too.
Characteristics of ADI Ductile Cast Iron with Single Addition of 1.56% Ni
Authors: Mrzygłód B. , Kowalski A. , Olejarczyk-Wożenska I. , Giętka T. , Głowacki M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The results of examinations of microstructure and an analysis of its impact on selected mechanical properties of austempered ductile iron (ADI) were presented in the paper. The ADI was produced from the ductile iron containing 1.56% Ni only alloying addition. The effect of the austempering time and temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the examined cast iron was considered. Constant conditions of austenitizing were assumed and six variants of the austempering treatment were adopted. The studyof mechanical properties included a static tensile test, Charpy impact strength test and Brinellhardness measurement.
This work complements the knowledge about alloying additions effect on microstructure and mechanical properties of ADI and focuses on the impact of a single alloying element (Ni).
Influence of Plastic Deformation During Extrusion Process on Heat Resistance Alloys Fe40Al
Authors: Pasek D. , Cebulski J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe article presents the results of studies on the effects wrought on the corrosion resistance of the alloy matrix phase inter-metallic FeAl. Researches were carried out on the Fe40Al5Cr0.2TiB alloy and involved the oxidation of the samples after the crystallization after plastic deformation made by extrusion. The tests were performed in an oven in air at 1100°C for 100, 300 and 500 h. Determined to change the mass of the samples after corrosion research setting kinetics of corrosion processes, as well as an analysis of the microstructure of the alloy after the crystallization and after forming. The structure was examined using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis with EDS chemical composition of the corrosion products. The test results revealed that plastic deformation during extrusion of intermetallic alloy led to structural changes, the effect of which was to improve the heat resistance at a temperature of 1100°C.
Plastic Deformation Zone in Electromagnetic Cutting
Authors: Zimniak Z. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper presents the application of the electromagnetic field as a tool for metal sheet cutting. The experiments showed that one can easily adapt the conventional cutting equipment to the electromagnetic cutting technology and thereby eliminate the mechanical work of the punch and the press. Two methods exploiting the electromagnetic field as the tool for cutting sheet metal were used. In one of the methods the cutting element was a die while in the other method a punch was used for cutting. Owing to the high quality surface of the cut obtained by each of the methods the cutting process does not entail additional costs for removing burrs. The shape of the surface of the cut is different than the one obtained by traditional blanking – no zones characteristic of the latter are present here. In the case of both materials, the rollover of the sheet surface is much larger and longer than in the conventional method. In comparison with the conventional method, the electromagnetic machining technology ensures high quality of the surface of the cut and can be successfully used in the industry.
Selecting Parameters for Bending of Tubes Made of the X70 Steel by Numerical Modelling
Authors: Junak G. , Cieśla M. , Tomczak J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper addresses numerical analyses of the bending process for tubes made of the X70 steel used in gas distribution pipe-lines. The calculations performed under the research involved simulation of processes of tube bending with local induction heating. The purpose of these calculations was to establish process parameters making it possible to develop pipe bends of geometric features conforming with requirements of the applicable standards. While performing the calculations, an analysis was conducted to determine the probability of occurrence of folding and fractures according to the Cockcroft-Latham criterion.