bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case-control study developing a model for predicting risk factors for high SeM-specific antibody titers after natural outbreaks of Streptococcus equi subsp equi infection in horses
Authors: Boyle Ashley G. , Smith Meagan A. , Boston Raymond C. , Stefanovski Darko 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a risk prediction model for factors associated with an SeM-specific antibody titer ≥ 3,200 in horses after naturally occurring outbreaks of Streptococcus equi subsp equi infection and to validate this model.
DESIGN Case-control study.
ANIMALS 245 horses: 57 horses involved in strangles outbreaks (case horses) and 188 healthy horses (control horses).
PROCEDURES Serum samples were obtained from the 57 cases over a 27.5-month period after the start of outbreaks; serum samples were obtained once from the 188 controls. A Bayesian mixed-effects logistic regression model was used to assess potential risk factors associated with an antibody titer ≥ 3,200 in the case horses. A cutoff probability for an SeM-specific titer ≥ 3,200 was determined, and the model was externally validated in the control horses. Only variables with a 95% credibility interval that did not overlap with a value of 1 were considered significant.
RESULTS 9 of 57 (6%) case horses had at least 1 titer ≥ 3,200, and 7 of 188 (3.7%) of control horses had a titer ≥ 3,200. The following variables were found to be significantly associated with a titer ≥ 3,200 in cases: farm size > 20 horses (OR, 0.11), history of clinically evident disease (OR, 7.92), and male sex (OR, 0.11). The model had 100% sensitivity but only 24% specificity when applied to the 188 control horses (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.62.)
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Although the Bayesian mixed-effects logistic regression model developed in this study did not perform well, it may prove useful as an initial screening tool prior to vaccination. We suggest that SeM-specific antibody titer be measured prior to vaccination when our model predicts a titer ≥ 3,200.
Pengendalian Persediaan Pozzolan di PT Semen Padang
Authors: Fithri Prima , Sindikia Annise 
Published: June 2017

Inventory of raw materials is the most important thing to produce the product. Inventory control of the raw materials quantityalso refers to the production process at the factory. PT Semen Padang used raw materials including cement manufacture clay, limestone, silica, gypsum, pozzolan and sand iron or copper slag. Among the raw materials, the most used is pozzolan. This research will be carried out data processing for inventory control using the EOQ (Economic Order Quantity) and POQ (Periodic Order Quantity) to compare with inventory control has been implemented by the company. The data collected for this study include data processing is the use of historical data pozzolan material per period in 2012 and 2013, the cost of raw materials ordering pozzolan, pozzolan storage costs of raw materials and lead time, acceptance of pozzolan from suppliers to storage. Data processing is performed to determine the inventory control of raw materials sand pozzolan in 2014. The results and conclusions obtained are forecasting the use of pozzolan in 2014 is 1.135.355,77 tons it means will be more than in previous years and the inventory control with POQ (Periodic Order Quantity) produces the minimum inventory costs with price Rp 1.775.179.959,61.Keywords: forecasting, inventory, EOQ, POQAbstrakPersediaan bahan baku merupakan elemen terpenting dalam produksi yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan untuk menghasilkan produk. Pengendalian persediaan terhadap kuantitas bahan baku yang dilakukan gudang juga merujuk ke proses produksi yang dilakukan oleh pabrik. Pabrik-pabrik di PT Semen Padang tersebut menggunakan bahan baku pembuatan semen diantaranya tanah liat (clay), batu kapur, batu silika, gypsum, pozzolan dan pasir besi atau copper slag. Diantara bahan baku tersebut, pemakaian terbanyak adalah pemakaian pozzolan. Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan pengolahan data untuk pengendalian persediaan dengan menggunakan metode EOQ (Economic Order Quantity) dan POQ (Periodic Order Quantity) untuk membandingkan dengan pengendalian persediaan yang telah diterapkan oleh perusahaan. Data yang dikumpulkan untuk pengolahan data penelitian ini diantaranya yaitu data historis pemakaian bahan baku pozzolan per periode pada tahun 2012 dan 2013, biaya pemesanan bahan baku pozzolan, biaya penyimpanan bahan baku pozzolan dan waktu tenggang (lead time) penerimaan pozzolan dari pemasok ke gudang. Pengolahan data yang dilakukan adalah untuk menentukan pengendalian persediaan bahan baku pasir pozzolan di tahun 2014. Hasil dan kesimpulan yang diperoleh adalah peramalan pemakaian pozzolan di tahun 2014 akan lebih banyak dibanding tahun-tahun sebelumnya yaitu dengan total pemakaian sebanyak 1.135.355,77 ton dan pengendalian persediaan dengan metode POQ (PeriodicOrderQuantity) menghasilkan biaya persediaan yang lebih minimum yaitu sebesar Rp 1.775.179.959,61.Kata kunci: peramalan, persediaan, EOQ, POQ
ANÁLISIS HISTÓRICO DE LA SITUACIÓN DE LAS ENFERMERAS Y MATRONAS EN ESPAÑA. UNA PERSPECTIVA GLOBAL
Authors: González Canalejo Carmen 
Published: June 2017

ResumenAl ser la enfermería y la matronería profesiones ejercidas mayoritariamente por mujeres en todos los países del mundo, nos hemos centrado en el análisis histórico de su práctica, poniendo el foco en los factores que han influido en la desigualdad de oportunidades para optar a puestos de gestión sanitaria y, en un menor reconocimiento científico de su práctica. Conocer la seña de identidad femenina y feminista de las que optaron por estas profesiones, valorar su estatus laboral y analizar las reminiscencias patriarcales que hoy día se mantienen en el ámbito de la salud, es el objeto de este estudio.Palabras clave: Enfermeras, matronas, invisibilidad, cuidados de salud, androcentrismo, sistema sanitario.English title: Historical Analysis of the Situation of Nurses and Midwives in Spain. A Global PerspectiveAbstract: Globally, nursing and midwifery are professions carried out mainly by women. This historical analysis of the praxis of nurses and midwives focuses on the factors that contribute to discrimination against them, both in terms of opportunities to attain health management jobs,and in terms of scientific recognition for their praxis. The goals of this study are, therefore, to determine the female identity traits and the feminist ideas of those who opt for these professions, to evaluate their work status, and to analyse the patriarchal traditions that stillprevail nowadays in the area of health. Key words: Nurses, midwives, health care, invisibility, androcentricity, health system
MIEDOS MASCULINOS Y MUTILACIÓN GENITAL FEMENINA
Authors: Amenabar Beitia José Martín 
Published: June 2017

ResumenEl presente trabajo constituye una aproximación psicológica a la mutilación genital femenina, dándose a conocer las motivaciones, expectativas y fantasías que la sustentan y que, por cierto, ponen de relieve como elemento medular el miedo del hombre ante la sexualidad femenina. El análisis del mito de la vagina dentada es muy ilustrativo al respecto. Por otra parte, como ejemplificación de la problemática abordada, se toma en consideración el relato aportado por una mujer sobre la mutilación genital padecida siendo niña y el gran sufrimiento que ello le causó. Y, por último, se incorporan ciertas reflexiones que inspiraron este artículo.Palabras clave: Mutilación genital femenina, clitoridectomía, infibulación, miedo a la mujer, mitología, vagina dentada, sexualidad femenina.English title: Male fears and female genital mutilation Abstract: This paper takes a psychological approach to genital feminine mutilation, showing the motivations, expectations and fantasies that sustain it, and which demonstrate that men’s fear of feminine sexuality is a fundamental element underpinning the practice. Analysis of the myth of the toothed vagina is illustrative and pertinent. It must be viewed alongside a woman’s evidence concerning her genital mutilation in infancy, and her ongoing resultant suffering. In conclusion, mention will be made of some reflections that prompted this paper.Key words: Genital feminine mutilation, clitoridectomy, infibulation, fear of the woman, mythology, toothed vagina, feminine sexuality.
Educational Attainment in the South Asian Diaspora: Representation of Gender Conflicts in Gurinder Chadha and Mira Nair’s Films
Authors: García Juan David 
Published: June 2017

Abstract: This article studies the representations that Mira Nair and Gurinder Chadha, film directors from the South Asian diaspora, offer to portray and denounce the educational attainment inequality suffered by women from the diaspora in the United Kingdom and the United States. The paper analyses how Chadha and Nair’s depictions challenge the socioeconomic structures that limit these characters both in their homelands and in the welcoming countries and how they disrupt the limiting structures imposed on them for being women.Key words: Gurinder Chadha, Mira Nair, diaspora, South Asian Subcontinent. Logros educativos en la diáspora del Subcontinente Surasiático: La representación de los conflictos de género en las películas de Gurinder Chadha y Mira Nair Resumen: Este artículo estudia las representaciones que las directoras de cine de la diáspora del Subcontinente surasiático Gurinder Chadha y Mira Nair realizan para presentar y denunciar la desigualdad que sufren las mujeres de esta diáspora en Reino Unido y Estados Unidos a la hora de acceder y elegir qué estudios realizar. Analizando algunos de sus personajes se demuestra que Chadha y Nair desafían el orden socioeconómico que limita a sus personajes tanto en sus comunidades como en el país que las recibe presentando mujeres transgresoras que rompen con las estructuras limitantes impuestas sobre ellas por el hecho de ser mujer.Palabras clave: Gurinder Chadha, Mira Nair, diáspora, Subcontinente Surasiático
Production of hard hydrophilic Ni-B coatings on hydrophobic Ni-Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloys by electroless deposition
Authors: Bülbül Ferhat , Karabudak Filiz , Yesildal Ruhi 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This paper is mainly focused on the wetting state of liquid droplets on Ni-Ti and Ti-6Al-4V hierarchical structured hydrophobic surfaces in micro/nanoscale. Electroless Ni-B deposition as a surface coating treatment has recently drawn considerable attention of researchers owing to remarkable advantages when compared with other techniques such as low price, conformal ability to coat substrates, good bath stability and relatively easier plating process control. The Ni-Ti and Ti-6Al-4V substrates were plated by electroless Ni-B plating process. The coated films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), hardness testing and static contact angle measurement. Results obtained from the analyses show that electroless Ni-B deposition may improve the hardness and wettability of the Ni-Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloy surfaces.
Los santuarios federales latinos
Authors: Martinez-Pinna Jorge 
Published: June 2017

Entre los santuarios considerados “ comunes” a los latinos, solamente aquellos consagrados a Diana tienen un carácter federal. Sin embargo, no todos los Diania
gozaron del mismo favor. El situado sobre el Aventino en Roma nunca fue admitido como propio por los latinos, mientras que el de Corne sólo tuvo una existencia efímera como santuario federal. El templo de Diana en Nemi, en unión al caput aquae Ferentinae, fue el único reconocido como centro político y religioso de la liga latina hasta la guerra del año 340 a. C.
Metaforen als sleutel tot intersubjectiviteit. Historisch-antropologische reflecties over de gedeelde dimensie van herinneringen
Authors: Bleyen Jan 
Published: June 2017

Why metaphors are the key to inter-subjectivity : historical-anthropological reflections on the shared dimension of memory making.
The stories we tell about our pasts, no matter how unique, always have a shared dimension. Following the anthropological focus on meaning, I claim that metaphors, through which we understand one reality in terms of another one, are the key to understand the collective underpinnings of memory. If historians want to unravel the inter-subjective layers of both past and present meaning making, they should take a close look at metaphors. In this contribution narratives of loss, in particular following the death of a baby, will serve as case study. Metaphors, such as ‘ mourning equals letting go’ appear to be socially embedded : they are being enacted, experienced, translated and shared within specific (e. g. religious, medical, psychological) contexts of practices and discourses.
Financial Depletion, Faction Struggle and Competing Networks. The Background to Count Harrach’s Reforms of the Southern Netherlands’ Central Government (1733-1735)
Authors: Gelder Klaas van 
Published: June 2017

Financiële crisis, factiestrijd en rivaliserende netwerken : de achtergronden van graaf Harrachs hervormingen in het Zuid-Nederlandse centrale bestuursapparaat (1733-1735)
In 1735 kondigde keizer Karel vi een belangrijke hervorming af van het centrale Zuid-Nederlandse bestuursapparaat, gepaard met een ongeziene personeelswissel in de Brusselse financiële administratie. Deze maatregelen kwamen er op aangeven van Friedrich August von Harrach, naast de landvoogdes de leidende minister in de Zuidelijke Nederlanden, die sinds zijn aankomst in Brussel in 1733 aangedrongen had op de hervormingen en op een radicaal andere personeelswerving. Talenten en ervaring moesten daarbij doorslaggevend zijn. In dit artikel wordt onderzocht welke motieven en ideeën aan de basis lagen van zijn hervormingsvoorstellen en op welke wijze hij deze kon doordrukken. Daarbij wordt onder meer aandacht geschonken aan de in Brussels heersende factiestrijd en de rol van informele netwerken om de besluitvorming te beïnvloeden. Het resultaat is een nuancering van het beeld van modernisering dat rond deze hervormingen hangt, en een herinterpretatie van de besluitvormingsprocessen met betrekking tot de Oostenrijkse Nederlanden.
Across the Channel: médiations et traductions du symbolisme littéraire belge en Grande-Bretagne (1890-1900)
Authors: Dessy Clément 
Published: June 2017

Across the Channel : Mediations and Translations of Belgian Literary Symbolism in Britain (1890-1900)
Belgian Symbolism is a movement whose scope has expanded far beyond its borders. Its reception in England and the role of mediators have been almost ignored by the research. Yet, French-speaking Belgian authors were translated and published in English literary journals : The Pageant published translations of Maurice Maeterlinck’s plays, while Émile Verhaeren’s poems were translated in The Savoy. This article establishes the timing of the introduction of the Belgian Symbolist writers in Britain. It shows how the translators have played a decisive role by combining their action with a function of critique and mediator. This comparative study of the different profiles of translators demonstrates their proximity with Belgian and cosmopolitan networks. It also shows that the promotion of Belgian authors by their translators constitutes a win-win deal, that made England a chosen land for Belgian symbolism, one of its most important steps to its European success.
Isotopic Evidence for Multi-stage Cosmic-ray Exposure Histories of Lunar Meteorites: Long Residence on the Moon and Short Transition to the Earth
Authors: Hidaka Hiroshi , Sakuma Keisuke , Nishiizumi Kunihiko , Yoneda Shigekazu 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
It is known that most lunar meteorites have complicated cosmic-ray exposure experiences on the Moon and in space. In this study, cosmic-ray irradiation histories of six lunar meteorites, Dhofar 489, Northwest Africa 032 (NWA 032), NWA 479, NWA 482, NWA 2995, and NWA 5000, were characterized from neutron-captured isotopic shifts of Sm and Gd, and from the abundances of long-lived cosmogenic radionuclides like 10Be, 26Al, 36Cl, and 41Ca. Sm and Gd isotopic data of all of six meteorites show significant isotopic shifts of 149Sm–150Sm and 157Gd–158Gd caused by accumulation of neutron capture reactions due to cosmic-ray irradiation, corresponding to the neutron fluences of (1.3–9.6) × 1016 n cm−2. In particular, very large Sm and Gd isotopic shifts of NWA 482 are over those of a lunar regolith 70002, having the largest isotopic shifts among the Apollo regolith samples, corresponding to cosmic-ray exposure duration over 800 million years in the lunar surface (2π irradiation). Meanwhile, the concentrations of cosmogenic radionuclides for individual six meteorites show the short irradiation time less than one million years as their bodies in space (4π irradiation). Our data also support the results of previous studies, revealing that most of lunar meteorites have long exposure ages at shallow depths on the Moon and short transit times from the Moon to the Earth.
Bacterial vaginosis, alterations in vaginal flora and HIV genital shedding among HIV-1-infected women in Mozambique
Authors: Kirkcaldy Robert D , Mika Jennifer , Newman Lori M , Langa Judite , Tian Linhui , Jani Ilesh , Ballard Ron , Nelson Lisa , Folgosa Elena 
Published: June 2017

Objectives. We investigated whether abnormal vaginal flora, including bacterial vaginosis (BV), are associated with detection of cervical HIV-1 RNA among HIV-infected women in Mozambique.
Methods. We obtained clinical data and vaginal specimens from HIV-infected women registering for their first visit at one of two HIV care clinics in Mozambique. We compared women with detectable cervical HIV viral load (≥40 copies/ml) with women with undetectable cervical HIV.
Results. We enrolled 106 women. Women with abnormal vaginal flora (intermediate Nugent scores, 4 - 6) were more likely to have detectable cervical HIV RNA then women with normal vaginal flora (adjusted odds ratio 7.2 (95% confidence interval 1.8 - 29.1), adjusted for CD4 count). Women with BV had a non-significantly higher likelihood of detectable cervical HIV than women with normal flora.
Conclusions. Abnormal vaginal flora were significantly associated with cervical HIV expression. Further research is needed to confirm this relationship.
Southern African guidelines for the safe use of pre-exposure prophylaxis in men who have sex with men who are at risk for HIV infection
Authors: Consensus Committee Southern African HIV Clinicians Society 
Published: June 2017

Background. The use of oral antiretrovirals to prevent HIV infection among HIV-negative men who have sex with men (MSM) has been shown to be safe and efficacious. A large, randomised, placebo-controlled trial showed a 44% reduction in the incidence of HIV infection among MSM receiving a daily oral fixed-dose combination of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine (Truvada) in combination with an HIV prevention package. Improved protection was seen with higher levels of adherence.

Aim. The purpose of this guideline is to: (i) explain what pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is; (ii) outline current indications for its use; (iii) outline steps for appropriate client selection; and (iv) provide guidance for monitoring and maintaining clients on PrEP.

Method. PrEP is indicated for HIV-negative MSM who are assessed to be at high risk for HIV acquisition and who are willing and motivated to use PrEP as part of a package of HIV prevention services (including condoms, lubrication, sexually transmitted infection (STI) management and risk reduction counselling).

Recommendations. HIV testing, estimation of creatinine clearance and STI and hepatitis B screening are recommended as baseline investigations. Daily oral Truvada, along with adherence support, can then be prescribed for eligible MSM. PrEP should not be given
to MSM with abnormal renal function, nor to clients who are unmotivated to use PrEP as part of an HIV prevention package; nor should it be commenced during an acute viral illness. Three-monthly follow-up visits to assess tolerance, renal function, adherence and ongoing
eligibility is recommended. Six-monthly STI screens and annual creatinine levels to estimate creatinine clearance are recommended. Hepatitis B vaccination should be provided to susceptible clients. Gastro-intestinal symptoms and weight loss are common side-effects, mostly experienced for the first 4 - 8 weeks after initiating PrEP. There is a risk of the development of antiretroviral resistance among
those with undiagnosed acute HIV infection during PrEP initiation and among those with sub-optimal adherence who become HIV infected while on PrEP. Risk compensation (increasing sexual behaviours that can result in exposure to HIV) while on PrEP may become a concern, and clinicians should continue to support MSM clients to continue to use condoms, condom-compatible lubrication and practice safer sex. Research is ongoing to assess optimum dosing regimens, potential long-term effects and alternative PrEP medications. Recommendations for the use of PrEP among other at-risk individuals, and the components of these recommendations, will be informed by future evidence.

S Afr J HIV Med 2012;13(2):40-55.
Overview of HIV-related lipodystrophy
Authors: Rossouw T Marie , Botes M E , Conradie F 
Published: June 2017

Lipodystrophy is a well-recognised adverse effect of HIV and antiretroviral therapy, with certain antiretrovirals, specifically thymidine analogues, implicated in the aetiology and pathogenesis. Lipodystrophy is often accompanied by metabolic complications, such as hyperlipidaemia and insulin resistance, which increase risk for cardiovascular disease. There are limited data on the effect of treatment modification, pharmacological interventions and surgical management on this condition.
Here we summarise the latest data on lipodystrophy, with the aim of facilitating informed decision-making in managing this condition. In light of the absence of cost-effective measures to treat lipoatrophy and lipohypertrophy, prevention remains the best option; we recommend targeted annual screening. Healthcare workers should be sensitised to early detection in patients on thymidine-based regimens, and affected patients should be switched to an appropriate regimen as soon as feasible. There is no evidence to support the use of new-generation ARVs, except in patients with significant hypercholesterolaemia, where atazanavir and raltegravir may present better options.

S Afr J HIV Med 2013;14(1):29-33. DOI:10.7196/SAJHIVMED.871
‘Feedback: Where data finally get thrilling’ – tools for facility managers to use data for improved health outcomes in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Murphy J , Mershon C-H , Struthers H , McIntyre J 
Published: June 2017

Data use and data quality continue to be a challenge for government sector health facilities and districts across South Africa. Led by the National Department of Health, key stakeholders, such as the Anova Health Institute and district health management teams, are aligning efforts to address these gaps. Coverage and correct implementation of existing tools – including TIER.net, routine data collection forms and the South African District Health Information System – must be ensured. This conference report provides an overview of such tools and summarises suggestions for quality improvement, data use and systematic evaluation of data-related interventions.