bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Azido and Tetrazolo 1,2,4,5‐Tetrazine N‐Oxides
Authors: Chavez David E. , Parrish Damon A. , Mitchell Lauren , Imler Greg H. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis study presents the synthesis and characterization of the oxidation products of 3,6‐diazido‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine (1) and 6‐amino‐[1,5‐b]tetrazolo‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine (2). 3,6‐Diazido‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine‐1,4‐dioxide was produced from oxidation with peroxytrifluoroacetic acid, and more effectively using hypofluorous acid, and 2 can be oxidized to two different products, 6‐amino‐[1,5‐b]tetrazolo‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine mono‐N‐oxide and di‐N‐oxide. These N‐oxide compounds display promising performance properties as energetic materials.
A Phosphorus Bisylide: Exploring a New Class of Superbases with Two Interacting Carbon Atoms as Basicity Centers
Authors: Kögel Julius F. , Margetić Davor , Xie Xiulan , Finger Lars H. , Sundermeyer Jörg 
Published: February 2017

AbstractHerein we present the first superbase MHPN with two interacting P‐ylide entities. Unlike classical proton sponges, this novel compound class has carbon atoms as basicity centers which are forced into close proximity by a naphthalene scaffold. The bisylide exhibits an experimental pKBH+ value of 33.3±0.2 on the MeCN scale and a calculated gas‐phase proton affinity of 277.9 kcal mol−1 (M062X/6‐311+G**//M062X/6‐31G*+ZPVE method) exceeding that of the corresponding monoylide by nearly 15 kcal mol−1. The origin of the unexpectedly high basicity of the new bisylide was investigated by NMR spectroscopic methods, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction as well as theoretical calculations and can be partly attributed to the rapid exchange of the “acidic” proton between the two basic carbon atoms after protonation.
Experimental study of the miscibility of ABS/PC polymer blends and investigation of the processing effect
Authors: Aid Sara , Eddhahak Anissa , Ortega Zaida , Froelich Daniel , Tcharkhtchi Abbas 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTIn the challenging prospect of developing new materials by mixing different polymers to reach a synergetic performance, the present research focuses on the study of the miscibility of two polymers: The acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) composed of a dispersed elastomeric (polybutadiene rubber) polymer embedded in a SAN thermoplastic matrix, and the polycarbonate (PC). It shall be noted that obtaining miscible polymer blends is often a difficult task because of the large size of their molecular chains and the high interfacial tension between the polymer phases. Until now, the most numerous researches developed in this field involve polymer blends obtained by compatibilization techniques in order to improve the interfacial adhesion between initial polymers. The aim of this work is to study the miscibility between ABS and PC. First, two different methods were used to mix the polymers: the twin‐screw extrusion and the dissolution in a common solvent tetrahydrofuran (THF). Then, physicochemical, microscopic observation and rheological characterization were performed on samples of mixtures obtained by both extrusion processing and dissolution method. The measurement of glassy transition temperature (Tg) by differential scanning calorimetry measurements (DSC) and dynamical mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) have shown a partial miscibility between the two polymers. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44975.
Possible origin of Theia, the Moon‐forming impactor with Earth
Authors: Dvorak R. , Loibnegger B. , Maindl T. I. 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundThe problem of the formation of the Moon is still not explained satisfactorily. While it is a generally accepted scenario that the last giant impact on Earth between some 50 to 100 million years after the starting of the formation of the terrestrial planets formed our natural satellite, there are still many open questions like the isotopic composition, which is identical for these two bodies. In our investigation, we will not deal with these problems of chemical composition but rather undertake a purely dynamical study to find out the probability of a Mars‐sized body (Theia) to collide with the Earth after the formation of the Earth‐like planets.Materials and MethodsWe assume an additional massive body between Venus and Earth, respectively Earth and Mars, which formed there at the same time as the other terrestrial planets. We have undertaken massive n‐body integrations of such a planetary system with four inner planets (we excluded Mercury but assumed one additional body as mentioned before) and the gas giants Jupiter and Saturn. For the present positions of the planets, we have undertaken the integrations for 100 Myrs to be able to check for stable orbits of Theia for or up to tens of millions of years.ResultsWe find a probable origin of the Earth impactor at a semi‐major axis of 1:16 AU < aTheia < 1:195 AU; a Theia inside the orbit of Earth suffers from collisions on much shorter time scales.ConclusionWe can provide a statistical estimation of the collision velocities as well as the collision angles, which will then serve as the basis for further investigation with detailed smooth(ed) particle hydrodynamics computations.
Effectiveness of early administration of tranexamic acid in patients with severe trauma
Authors: Shiraishi A , Kushimoto S , Otomo Y , Matsui H , Hagiwara A , Murata K , Hayakawa M , Maekawa K , Saitoh D , Ogura H , Sasaki J , Shibusawa T , Uejima T , Yaguchi A , Takeda M , Ishikura H , Nakamura Y , Kudo D , Kaneko N , Matsuoka T , Hagiwara Y , Morimura N , Furugori S , Kato H , Kanemura T , Mayama G , Kim S , Takasu O , Nishiyama K 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Background
A reduction in mortality with the early use of tranexamic acid has been demonstrated in severely injured patients who are bleeding. However, the modest treatment effect with no reduction in blood transfusion has raised concerns. The aim of the present study was to estimate the effectiveness of regular use of tranexamic acid in severely injured patients.

Methods
This multicentre observational study used retrospectively collected data from consecutive injured patients (Injury Severity Score at least 16) treated in 15 Japanese academic institutions in 2012. A propensity score-matched analysis compared patients who did or did not receive tranexamic acid administration within 3 h of injury. Study outcomes included 28-day all-cause and cause-specific mortality, and need for blood transfusion.

Results
Of 796 eligible subjects, 281 were treated with tranexamic acid. Propensity score matching selected a total of 500 matched subjects (250 in each group). Tranexamic acid administration was associated with lower 28-day mortality (10·0 versus 18·4 per cent; difference −8·4 (95 per cent c.i. –14·5 to −2·3) per cent) and lower 28-day mortality from primary brain injury (6·0 versus 13·2 per cent; difference −7·2 (−12·3 to −2·1) per cent). However, there was no significant difference between groups in the need for blood transfusion (33·2 versus 34·8 per cent; difference −1·6 (−9·9 to 6·7) per cent).

Conclusion
Early tranexamic acid use was associated with reduced mortality in severely injured patients, in particular those with a primary brain injury.
The Effects of Secret Instructions and Yes/no Questions on Maltreated and Non‐maltreated Children's Reports of a Minor Transgression
Authors: Ahern Elizabeth C. , Stolzenberg Stacia N. , McWilliams Kelly , Lyon Thomas D. 
Published: February 2017

This study examined the effects of secret instructions (distinguishing between good/bad secrets and encouraging disclosure of bad secrets) and yes/no questions (DID: “Did the toy break?” versus DYR: “Do you remember if the toy broke?”) on 262 maltreated and non‐maltreated children's (age range 4–9 years) reports of a minor transgression. Over two‐thirds of children failed to disclose the transgression in response to free recall (invitations and cued invitations). The secret instruction increased disclosures early in free recall, but was not superior to no instruction when combined with cued invitations. Yes/no questions specifically asking about the transgression elicited disclosures from almost half of the children who had not previously disclosed, and false alarms were rare. DYR questions led to ambiguous responding among a substantial percentage of children, particularly younger children. The findings highlight the difficulties of eliciting transgression disclosures without direct questions. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Out‐of‐pocket costs and burden among rural breast cancer survivors
Authors: Pisu Maria , Azuero Andres , Benz Rachel , McNees Patrick , Meneses Karen 
Published: February 2017

AbstractLittle is known about out‐of‐pocket (OOP) costs incurred for medical and health needs by rural breast cancer survivors and what factors may be associated with higher OOP costs and the associated economic burden. Data were examined for 432 survivors participating in the Rural Breast Cancer Survivor Intervention trial. OOP costs were collected using the Work and Finances Inventory survey at baseline and four assessments every 3 months. Mean and median OOP costs and burden (percent of monthly income spent on OOP costs) were reported and factors associated with OOP costs and burden identified with generalized linear models fitted with over‐dispersed gamma distributions and logarithmic links (OOP costs) and with beta distributions with logit link (OOP burden). OOP costs per month since the end of treatment were on average $232.7 (median $95.6), declined at the next assessment point to $186.5 (median $89.1), and thereafter remained at that level. Mean OOP burden was 9% at baseline and between 7% and 8% at the next assessments. Factors suggestive of contributing to higher OOP costs and OOP burden were the following: younger age, lower income, time in survivorship from diagnosis, and use of supportive services. OOP costs burden rural breast cancer survivors, particularly those who are younger and low income. Research should investigate the impact of OOP costs and interventions to reduce economic burden.
Use of denosumab in recurrent chondroblastoma of the squamous temporal bone: a case report
Authors: Calvert Nicholas , Wood David 
Published: February 2017

Key Clinical MessageChondroblastoma is a rare, benign bone tumor that represents 1–2% of all primary bone tumors. Denosumab, a monoclonal antibody, has been demonstrated to inhibit the growth of giant cell tumors. We report a case of recurrent chondroblastoma of the squamous temporal bone that is currently suppressed with denosumab.
Giant condyloma acuminatum–malignant transformation
Authors: Papapanagiotou Ioannis K. , Migklis Kyriaki , Ioannidou Georgia , Xesfyngi Dimitra , Kalles Vasileios , Mariolis‐Sapsakos Theodoros , Terzakis Emmanouil 
Published: February 2017

Key Clinical MessageGiant condyloma acuminata are associated with malignant transformation in up to 50% of cases, high recurrence rate, and poor prognosis. Treatment strategies have included wide local excision, abdominopelvic resection, and addition of radiotherapy and adjuvant and/or neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy.
A giant uterine tumor in a woman with myotonic dystrophy
Authors: Kataoka Hiroshi , Ueno Satoshi 
Published: February 2017

Key Clinical MessagePatients with myotonic dystrophy are at particularly high risk for cancer arising in the endometrium, brain, colon, or ovary. Giant leiomyoma can occur in patients with myotonic muscular dystrophy, a disease accompanied by muscle wasting.
Production of High Quality Syncrude from Lignocellulosic Biomass
Authors: Mathieu Yannick , Sauvanaud Laurent , Humphreys Len , Rowlands William , Maschmeyer Thomas , Corma Avelino 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWood chips were hydrothermally treated in near critical point water in the presence of a catalyst to yield a raw biocrude, containing a wide range of organic components. This product was subsequently distilled to remove its heaviest fraction, which tends to yield chary products if heated above 350 °C. The biocrude obtained has an oxygen content of 12 wt % and was subsequently hydrotreated to obtain a hydrocarbon stream. Varying the hydrotreatment operating conditions and catalyst yielded a deoxygenated syncrude which quality improved with operation severity. The hydroprocessed stream produced under very mild conditions can be further upgraded in conventional refinery operations while the stream produced after more severe hydrotreatment can be mixed with conventional diesel. This proof of concept was demonstrated with commercial hydrotreating catalysts, operating between 350 and 380 °C, 40 to 120 bar pressure and 0.5 to 1 h−1 contact time.
The Remarkable Amphoteric Nature of Defective UiO‐66 in Catalytic Reactions
Authors: Hajek Julianna , Bueken Bart , Waroquier Michel , De Vos Dirk , Van Speybroeck Veronique 
Published: February 2017

AbstractOne of the major requirements in solid acid and base catalyzed reactions is that the reactants, intermediates or activated complexes cooperate with several functions of catalyst support. In this work the remarkable bifunctional behavior of the defective UiO‐66(Zr) metal organic framework is shown for acid‐base pair catalysis. The active site relies on the presence of coordinatively unsaturated zirconium sites, which may be tuned by removing framework linkers and by removal of water from the inorganic bricks using a dehydration treatment. To elucidate the amphoteric nature of defective UiO‐66, the Oppenauer oxidation of primary alcohols has been theoretically investigated using density functional theory (DFT) and the periodic approach. The presence of acid and basic centers within molecular distances is shown to be crucial for determining the catalytic activity of the material. Hydrated and dehydrated bricks have a distinct influence on the acidity and basicity of the active sites. In any case both functions need to cooperate in a concerted way to enable the chemical transformation. Experimental results on UiO‐66 materials of different defectivity support the theoretical observations made in this work.
Low‐Temperature Synthesis of Graphene/SiC Nanocomposite Anodes with Super‐Long Cycling Stability
Authors: Yi Xinli , Zhang Yang , He Wen , Zhang Xudong , Yang Guihua , Wang Zhaoyang , Wang Yaoyao , Cheng Qiaohuan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe significant effects of the heterogeneous structures of graphene and SiC have recently beendemonstrated for improving the performances of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), but the synthesis remains a grand challenge, owing to the rather high reaction temperatures (>1200 °C) of SiC crystallization. Herein, we present the design and synthesis of graphene/SiC composite nanosheets by using soda papermaking black liquor (SPBL) as a raw material through the in situ thermochemical method at 800 °C. The graphene/SiC composite has a Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller surface area of 199.7 m2 g−1 and exhibited a reversible capacity of 1044 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 when used as a LIB anode. In addition, this anode retained a stable capacity of 230 mAh g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 after 1000 cycles. Even at a high current density of 10 A g−1, it could still deliver a capacity of 122 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles. The superior cycle stability of graphene/SiC nanosheets is attributable to the unique nanocomposite structure. More importantly, this can effectively translate and utilize SPBL in the synthesis of high‐performance electrode materials, which greatly reduces the load of SPBL on our environment.
Enrichment and Viability Inhibition of Circulating Tumor Cells on a Dual Acid‐Responsive Composite Nanofiber Film
Authors: Wang Wenqian , Cheng Yaya , Li Yansheng , Zhou Hao , Xu Li‐Ping , Wen Yongqiang , Zhao Liang , Zhang Xueji 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe formation and metastatic colonization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are responsible for the vast majority of cancer‐related deaths. Over the last decade, drug‐delivery systems (DDSs) have rapidly developed with the emergence of nanotechnology; however, most reported tumor‐targeting DDSs are able to deliver drugs only to solid tumor cells and not CTCs. Herein, a novel DDS comprising a composite nanofiber film was constructed to inhibit the viability of CTCs. In this system, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were functionalized with doxorubicin (DOX) through an acid‐responsive cleavable linker to obtain Au‐DOX NPs. Then, the Au‐DOX NPs were mixed in a solution of an acid‐responsive polymer {i.e., poly[2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate]} to synthesize the nanofiber film through electrospinning technology. After that, the nanofiber film was modified with a specific antibody (i.e., anti‐EpCAM) to enrich the concentration of CTCs on the film. Finally, the Au‐DOX NPs were released from the nanofiber film, and they consequently inhibited the viability of CTCs by delivering DOX to the enriched CTCs. This composite nanofiber film was able to decrease the viability of CTCs significantly in the suspended and fluid states, and it is expected to limit the migration and proliferation of tumor cells.
Re‐establishing the pecking order: Niche models reliably predict suitable habitats for the reintroduction of red‐billed oxpeckers
Authors: Kalle Riddhika , Combrink Leigh , Ramesh Tharmalingam , Downs Colleen T. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDistributions of avian mutualists are affected by changes in biotic interactions and environmental conditions driven directly/indirectly by human actions. The range contraction of red‐billed oxpeckers (Buphagus erythrorhynchus) in South Africa is partly a result of the widespread use of acaracides (i.e., mainly cattle dips), toxic to both ticks and oxpeckers. We predicted the habitat suitability of red‐billed oxpeckers in South Africa using ensemble models to assist the ongoing reintroduction efforts and to identify new reintroduction sites for population recovery. The distribution of red‐billed oxpeckers was influenced by moderate to high tree cover, woodland habitats, and starling density (a proxy for cavity‐nesting birds) with regard to nest‐site characteristics. Consumable resources (host and tick density), bioclimate, surface water body density, and proximity to protected areas were other influential predictors. Our models estimated 42,576.88–98,506.98 km2 of highly suitable habitat (0.5–1) covering the majority of Limpopo, Mpumalanga, North West, a substantial portion of northern KwaZulu‐Natal (KZN) and the Gauteng Province. Niche models reliably predicted suitable habitat in 40%–61% of the reintroduction sites where breeding is currently successful. Ensemble, boosted regression trees and generalized additive models predicted few suitable areas in the Eastern Cape and south of KZN that are part of the historic range. A few southern areas in the Northern Cape, outside the historic range, also had suitable sites predicted. Our models are a promising decision support tool for guiding reintroduction programs at macroscales. Apart from active reintroductions, conservation programs should encourage farmers and/or landowners to use oxpecker‐compatible agrochemicals and set up adequate nest boxes to facilitate the population recovery of the red‐billed oxpecker, particularly in human‐modified landscapes. To ensure long‐term conservation success, we suggest that the effect of anthropogenic threats on habitat distributions should be investigated prior to embarking on a reintroduction program, as the habitat in the historical range may no longer be viable for current bird populations.
Opposite patterns of change in perception of imagined and physically induced pain over the course of repeated thermal stimulations
Authors: Gács B. , Szolcsányi T. , Csathó Á. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals frequently show habituation to repeated noxious heat. However, given the defensive function of human pain processing, it is reasonable to assume that individuals anticipate that they would become increasingly sensitive to repeated thermal pain stimuli. No previous studies have, however, been addressed to this assumption. Therefore, in the current study, we investigated how healthy human individuals imagine the intensity of repeated thermal pain stimulations, and compared this with the intensity ratings given after physically induced thermal pain trials.MethodsHealthy participants (N = 20) gave pain intensity ratings in two conditions: imagined and real thermal pain. In the real pain condition, thermal pain stimuli of two intensities (minimal and moderate pain) were delivered in four consecutive trials. The duration of the peak temperature was 20 s, and stimulation was always delivered to the same location. In each trial, participants rated the pain intensity twice, 5 and 15 s after the onset of the peak temperature. In the imagined pain condition, participants were subjected to a reference pain stimulus and then asked to imagine and rate the same sequence of stimulations as in the induced pain condition.ResultsRatings of imagined pain and physically induced pain followed opposite courses over repeated stimulations: Ratings of imagined pain indicated sensitization, whereas ratings for physically induced pain indicated habituation. The findings were similar for minimal and moderate pain intensities.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that, rather than habituating to pain, healthy individuals imagine that they would become increasingly sensitive to repeated thermal pain stimuli.SignificanceThis study identified opposite patterns of change in perception of imagined pain (sensitization) and physically induced pain (habituation). The findings show that individuals anticipate that they would become increasingly sensitive to repeated pain stimuli, which might also have clinical implications.
Evolution of gravel surfaces in a sediment‐recirculating flume
Authors: Qin Jie , Zhong Deyu , Wu Teng , Wu Lingli 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe assumption of the equilibrium state of gravel surfaces in flume experiments under feeding or recirculating conditions is generally justified by three equilibrium criteria based on sediment transport, slopes, and bed features. When these parameters become stable, an experiment is expected to reach equilibrium. This equilibrium state, however, is based on a one‐dimensional model, the Exner equation, which may not truly reflect the equilibrium state of the system considering the complex flow and sediment processes. In this paper, the evolutionary process of a gravel surface is investigated based on a large‐scale recirculating flume experiment. The performances of the three equilibrium criteria are evaluated first, and then the evolution of the bed morphology is studied. The key findings include the following: (1) the sediment transport rate, slopes of water and bed surfaces, and one‐dimensional morphological features reach equilibrium roughly simultaneously; (2) two‐dimensional morphology continually evolves after these characteristics reach equilibrium, which is confirmed by the characteristics of the sediment transport process; and (3) the results from a numerical simulation suggest that a much longer time is required to reach an equilibrium state. Our results suggest that sufficient experimental time is required to investigate the equilibrium morphological characteristics of gravel surfaces, which is much longer than the equilibrium time reflected by the one‐dimensional equilibrium criteria. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pricing Vulnerable Options with Jump Clustering
Authors: Ma Yong , Shrestha Keshab , Xu Weidong 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis paper presents a valuation of vulnerable European options using a model with self‐exciting Hawkes processes that allow for clustered jumps rather than independent jumps. Many existing valuation models can be regarded as special cases of the model proposed here. Using numerical analyses, this study also performs sensitivity analyses and compares the results to those of existing models for European call options. The results show that jump clustering has a significant impact on the option value. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark