bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating policy-relevant research: lessons from a series of theory-based outcomes assessments
Authors: Belcher Brian , Suryadarma Daniel , Halimanjaya Aidy 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe increasing external demand from research funders and research managers to assess, evaluate and demonstrate the quality and the effectiveness of research is well known. Less discussed, but equally important, is the evolving interest and use of research evaluation to support learning and adaptive management within research programmes. This is especially true in a research-for-development context where research competes with other worthy alternatives for overseas development assistance funding and where highly complex social, economic and ecological environments add to evaluation challenges. Researchers and research managers need to know whether and how their interventions are working to be able to adapt and improve their programmes as well as to be able to satisfy their funders. This paper presents a theory-based research evaluation approach that was developed and tested on four policy-relevant research activities: a long-term forest management research programme in the Congo Basin; a large research programme on forests and climate change; a multi-country research project on sustainable wetlands management, and; a research project of the furniture value chain in one district in Indonesia. The first used Contribution Analysis and the others used purpose-built outcome evaluation approaches that combined concepts and methods from several approaches. Each research evaluation began with documentation of a theory of change (ToC) that identified key actors, processes and results. Data collected through document reviews, key informant interviews and focus group discussions were analysed to test the ToCs against evidence of outcomes in the form of discourse, policy formulation and practice change. The approach proved valuable as a learning tool for researchers and research managers and it has facilitated communication with funders about actual and reasonable research contributions to change. Evaluations that employed a participatory approach with project scientists and partners noticeably supported team learning about past work and about possible adaptations for the future. In all four cases, the retrospective ToC development proved challenging and resulted in overly-simplistic ToCs. Further work is needed to draw on social scientific theories of knowledge translation and policy processes to develop and further test more sophisticated theories of change. This theory-based approach to research evaluation provides a valuable means of assessing research effectiveness (summative value) and supports learning and adaptation (formative value) at the project or programme scale. The approach is well suited to the research-for-development projects represented by the case studies, but it should be applicable to any research that aspires to have a societal impact. This article is published as part of a collection on the future of research assessment.
A race towards credibility: the 2009 and 2013 presidential election campaigns at the Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile (FIA)
Authors: Næss Hans Erik 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFédération Internationale de l’Automobile(FIA), the governing body of world motorsports, is one of many Global Sport Governing Bodies (GSGBs) facing increasing demands for good governance. By inadequately complying with international guidelines on organizational conduct these organizations, which are independent and powerful actors in global society, have received criticism from a broad range of actors. However, compared with other GSGBs like the International Federation of Football Associations (FIFA) and the International Olympic Committee (IOC), the FIA is uncharted territory. Through a qualitative document analysis (QDA) of the FIA presidential election campaigns in 2009 and 2013 this article therefore aims to fill this gap by examining the candidates’ struggle for credibility with stakeholders on the key principles of good governance: democratic representation, transparency and accountability. Drawing upon campaign material and articles in newspapers and in motoring magazines covering the elections, the analysis demonstrates that all FIA presidential candidates advocated a strong emphasis on these principles, but were vague as to how they should be put into practice. Moreover, the candidates’ attempt to procure credibility for themselves and for the FIA by raising the issue of good governance seemingly gained them few votes. Of several possible reasons for this two can be highlighted: first, because the FIA membership had more faith in the winning candidate’s ability to develop a stakeholder-effective FIA; second, because the FIA membership did not regard the credibility of the organization itself as being dependent on the adoption of good governance practices.
PyGOLD: a python based API for docking based virtual screening workflow generation
Authors: Patel Hitesh , Brinkjost Tobias , Koch Oliver 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Molecular docking is one of the successful approaches in structure based discovery and development of bioactive molecules in chemical biology and medicinal chemistry. Due to the huge amount of computational time that is still required, docking is often the last step in a virtual screening approach. Such screenings are set as workflows spanned over many steps, each aiming at different filtering task. These workflows can be automatized in large parts using python based toolkits except for docking using the docking software GOLD. However, within an automated virtual screening workflow it is not feasible to use the GUI in between every step to change the GOLD configuration file. Thus, a python module called PyGOLD was developed, to parse, edit and write the GOLD configuration file and to automate docking based virtual screening workflows.

Availability and Implementation
The latest version of PyGOLD, its documentation and example scripts are available at: http://www.ccb.tu-dortmund.de/koch or http://www.agkoch.de. PyGOLD is implemented in Python and can be imported as a standard python module without any further dependencies.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Far-Lateral Approach Without Drilling the Occipital Condyle for Vertebral Artery–Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysms
Authors: Seoane Pablo , Kalb Samuel , Clark Justin C. , Rivas Juan C. , Xu David S. , Mendes George A. C. , Preul Mark C. , Zabramski Joseph M. , Spetzler Robert F. , Nakaji Peter 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The far-lateral transcondylar surgical approach is often used to clip vertebral artery (VA) and posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysms. The role of condyle resection during this approach is controversial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate patient outcomes in patients with VA–PICA aneurysms in whom drilling the occipital condyle was not necessary.

METHODS: Between May 2005 and December 2012, a total of 56 consecutive patients with incidental or ruptured VA–PICA aneurysms underwent surgery with a far-lateral approach without condylar resection. Clinical presentation, surgical reports, presurgery and postsurgery radiological examinations, and clinical follow-up reports were assessed. Anatomic aneurysm location was analyzed through angiography or computed tomography angiography. We compared postsurgical Glasgow Outcome Scale scores, modified Rankin Scale scores, and morbidity in 2 groups: those with aneurysms in the anterior medullary segment and those with aneurysms in the lateral medullary segment.

RESULTS: The predominant presentation was subarachnoid hemorrhage in 34 patients (60.7%). Most aneurysms (n = 27 [48.2%]) were located in the lateral medullary segment of the PICA, followed by the anterior medullary segment (n = 25 [44.6%]). Total aneurysm occlusion was achieved in 100% of patients, and bypass techniques were necessary in 3 patients (5.4%). Fifty-two patients (92.8%) had Glasgow Outcome Scale scores of 4 or 5 postsurgery.

CONCLUSIONS: A far-lateral approach that leaves the occipital condyle intact is adequate for treating most patients with VA–PICA aneurysms.
Lysinibacillus massiliensis Panniculitis Masquerading as Erythema Nodosum: A Case Report
Authors: Jin Jay J. , Keith Phillip J. , Cummins Nathan W. , Kane Sunanda V. , Pritt Bobbi S. , Sanchez Joyce L. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Lysinibacillus massiliensis, formerly Bacillus massiliensis, is an environmental Gram-positive bacillus that is generally non-pathogenic. Rare case reports in immunosuppressed patients have described sepsis with this organism. In this study, we report a case of L massiliensis as a cause of infectious panniculitis mimicking erythema nodosum after infusion of autologous adipose-derived stem cells in an immunosuppressed patient with refractory Crohn’s disease. This case highlights the importance of care providers to consider exposures and host factors when interpreting culture results with otherwise benign organisms.
Factors for a Good Surgical Outcome in Posterior Decompression and Dekyphotic Corrective Fusion with Instrumentation for Thoracic Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament: Prospective Single-Center Study
Authors: Imagama Shiro , Ando Kei , Kobayashi Kazuyoshi , Hida Tetsuro , Ito Kenyu , Tsushima Mikito , Ishikawa Yoshimoto , Matsumoto Akiyuki , Morozumi Masayoshi , Tanaka Satoshi , Machino Masaaki , Ota Kyotaro , Nakashima Hiroaki , Nishida Yoshihiro , Matsuyama Yukihiro , Ishiguro Naoki 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Surgery for thoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (T-OPLL) is still challenging, and factors for good surgical outcomes are unknown.

OBJECTIVE
To identify factors for good surgical outcomes with prospective and comparative study.

METHODS
Seventy-one consecutive patients who underwent posterior decompression and instrumented fusion were divided into good or poor outcome groups based on ≥50% and <50% recovery rates for the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative findings were compared in the 2 groups, and significant factors for a good outcome were analyzed.

RESULTS
Patients with a good outcome (76%) had significantly lower nonambulatory rate and positive prone and supine position tests preoperatively; lower rates of T-OPLL, ossification of the ligamentum flavum, high-intensity area at the same level, thoracic spinal cord alignment difference, and spinal canal stenosis on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging; lower estimated blood loss; higher rates of intraoperative spinal cord floating and absence of deterioration of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring; and lower rates of postoperative complications (P < .0005). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, negative prone and supine position test (odds ratio [OR]: 17.00), preoperative ambulatory status (OR: 6.05), absence of T-OPLL, ossification of the ligamentum flavum, high-intensity area at the same level (OR: 5.84), intraoperative spinal cord floating (OR: 4.98), and lower estimated blood loss (OR: 1.01) were significant factors for a good surgical outcome.

CONCLUSION
This study demonstrated that early surgery is recommended during these positive factors. Appropriate surgical planning based on preoperative thoracic spinal cord alignment difference, as well as sufficient spinal cord decompression and reduction of complications using intraoperative ultrasonography and intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring, may improve surgical outcomes.
Posterior Quadrant Disconnection: A Fiber Dissection Study
Authors: Verhaeghe Alexander , Decramer Thomas , Naets Wim , Van Paesschen Wim , van Loon Johannes , Theys Tom 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Posterior quadrant disconnection can be highly effective in the surgical treatment of selected cases of refractory epilepsy. The technique aims to deafferent extensive areas of epileptogenic posterior cortex from the rest of the brain by isolating the temporoparietooccipital cortex.

OBJECTIVE
To describe this procedure and relevant white matter tracts with a specific emphasis on the extent of callosotomy in an anatomic study.

METHODS
Twenty hemispheres were dissected according to Klingler's fiber dissection technique illustrating the peri-insular (temporal stem, superior longitudinal fasciculus, corona radiata) and mesial disconnection (mesiotemporal cortex, cingulum, and corpus callosum).

RESULTS
Extensive white matter tract disconnection is obtained after posterior quadrant disconnection. Callosal fibers connecting the anterior most part of the parietal cortex invariably ran through the isthmus of the corpus callosum and need to be disconnected, while frontal lobe connections including the corticospinal tract and the anterior two-thirds of the corpus callosum are spared during the procedure.

CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest the involvement of both the splenium and the isthmus in interhemispheric propagation in posterior cortex epilepsies. Sectioning the total extent of the posterior one-third of the corpus callosum might therefore be necessary to achieve optimal outcomes in posterior quadrant epilepsy surgery.
Lumbar Drains Decrease the Risk of Postoperative Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Following Endonasal Endoscopic Surgery for Suprasellar Meningiomas in Patients With High Body Mass Index
Authors: Cohen Salomon , Jones Samuel H , Dhandapani Sivashanmugam , Negm Hazem M , Anand Vijay K , Schwartz Theodore H 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak is a persistent, albeit much less prominent, complication following endonasal endoscopic surgery. The pathology with highest risk is suprasellar meningiomas. A postoperative lumbar drain (LD) is used to decrease the risk of CSF leak but is not universally accepted.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the rates of postoperative CSF leak between patients with and without LD who underwent endonasal endoscopic surgical resection of suprasellar meningiomas.

METHODS
A consecutive series of newly diagnosed suprasellar meningiomas was drawn from a prospectively acquired database of endonasal endoscopic surgeries at our institution. An intraoperative, preresection LD was placed and left open at 5 cc/h for ∼48 h. In a subset of patients, the LD could not be placed. Rates of postoperative CSF leak were compared between patients with and without an LD.

RESULTS
Twenty-five patients underwent endonasal endoscopic surgical resection of suprasellar meningiomas. An LD could not be placed in 2 patients. There were 2 postoperative CSF leaks (8%), both of which occurred in the patients who did not have an LD (P = .0033). The average body mass index (BMI) of the patients in whom the LD could not be placed was 39.1 kg/m2, compared with 27.6 kg/m2 for those in whom the LD could be placed (P = .009). In the subgroup of obese patients (BMI > 30 kg/m2), LD placement was protective against postoperative CSF leak (P = .022).

CONCLUSION
The inability to place an LD in patients with obesity is a risk factor for postoperative CSF leak. An LD may be useful to prevent postoperative CSF leak, particularly in patients with elevated BMI.
Neural Control of Swimming in Nudipleura Molluscs
Authors: Katz Paul S. , Sakurai Akira 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This article compares the neural basis for swimming in sea slugs belonging to the Nudipleura clade of molluscs. There are two primary forms of swimming. One, dorsal/ventral (DV) body flexions, is typified by Tritonia diomedea and Pleurobranchaea californica. Although Tritonia and Pleurobranchaea evolved DV swimming independently, there are at least two homologous neurons in the central pattern generators (CPGs) underlying DV swimming in these species. Furthermore, both species have serotonergic neuromodulation of synaptic strength intrinsic to their CPGs. The other form of swimming is with alternating left/right (LR) body flexions. Melibe and Dendronotus belong to a clade of species that all swim with LR body flexions. Although the swimming behavior is homologous, their swim CPGs differ in both cellular composition and in the details of the neural mechanisms. Thus, similar behaviors have independently evolved through parallel use of homologous neurons, and homologous behaviors can be produced by different neural mechanisms.
Cnidarian Neurobiology
Authors: Satterlie Richard 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Important cnidarian contributions to our understanding of nervous system evolution may be found in the arrangement of conducting systems and their interactions. We see multiple, diffuse systems that interact to produce specific behaviors, the compression of conducting systems into compact directional or bidirectional conduction systems, and accumulation of multiple compressed conducting systems into integrating structures like nerve rings. We even see ganglion-like rhopalia that contain bilateral and directional conducting pathways. We now know that this compression and specificity of connections is controlled by conserved sets of genetic commands similar to those found in bilateral animals, and likely in common ancestors. This gradation in centralization is only limited in a directed pathway by the unique radial symmetry of cnidarians. Based on the compression of cnidarian conducting systems into integrating centers (nerve rings and rhopalia), the primary hurdle to cephalization is body symmetry. Medusoid cnidarians possess multiple “brains” connected by conducting systems that, by necessity, are nonpolarized.
Iris Murdoch on Love
Authors: Forsberg Niklas 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
It is quite clear that love plays an absolutely crucial role in Iris Murdoch’s philosophy. This chapter argues that Murdoch, in contrast to much contemporary philosophy, does not so much develop a theory of love that explains why and in what sense love is good or bad for philosophy. Murdoch’s problem is not the question whether one ought to bring the concept of love into other regions of thought, but to make clear that love is always already there. Murdoch is not asking us to broaden our concept of morality (or knowledge, or art) in such a way that love can be included. Murdoch should rather be seen as inquiring into, and questioning, an exclusion. She is asking us to pay attention to love and to think about why it has been blotted out, and by which means.
The Early Stages: Pre-1910
Authors: Tjørhom Ola 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The chapter gives an account of the roots of the modern ecumenical movement, of the latter’s social and ecclesial context, and of its first organizational manifestations leading up to the World Missionary Conference in Edinburgh 1910. This predominantly Protestant movement developed in a setting marked by the climax of modernity and increasing secularization in northern societies, colonization and missionary enterprises in the south, polarization in theology, and denominationalism in church life. It drew from diverse sources, such as the YMCA/YWCA, the WSCF, the Evangelical Alliance and the missionary movement, and from the commitment of individuals such as John R. Mott. Its key aim was to promote cooperation in mission, to prevent the export of denominational divisions to the south, and to call the churches to unity. The movement facilitated a growing shift from confessionalism to ecumenicity.
Faith and Order
Authors: Wainwright Geoffrey 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Generically, ‘faith and order’ designates the contents of doctrinal belief and the patterns of social and governmental structure that mark the historically varied communities that claim the name and status of ‘church’. Concern with these closely connected areas has been central to the worldwide ecumenical movement since the early twentieth century. The chapter focuses on the Faith and Order Commission of the World Council of Churches, which has the overall aim of calling the churches to the goal of visible unity in order that the world may believe. It considers the activities and organization of the Commission, and various fruits of its work across a range of issues, including the apostolic faith, anthropological and moral issues, tradition, and ecclesiology. It particularly highlights the consensus document on ‘Baptism, Eucharist and Ministry’ (1982), and the process culminating in the report: ‘The Church: Towards a Common Vision’ (2013).
Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity
Authors: Radano John A. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This chapter discusses the origin and work of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity (PCPCU) as the major instrument of the Holy See for ecumenical matters. Established in 1960, it was first an instrument of the Second Vatican Council, assisting the Council especially, but not exclusively, in decisions relating to ecumenism and inter-religious matters. Constituted part of the Roman Curia after Vatican II, it has continued in light of the Council’s Decree on Ecumenism to promote the goal of Christian unity by engaging in ecumenical dialogue and collaboration with other Christians and ecumenical organizations, by advancing ecumenical formation and education within the Catholic Church, and by cultivating, with ecumenical partners, the reception of achievements resulting from dialogue. Related to the PCPCU, though with different goals, is the Holy See’s Commission for Religious Relations with the Jews, tasked with implementing Vatican II’s decree, Nostra Aetate, n. 4.
United States of America
Authors: Gros Jeffrey 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The chapter considers the development of ecumenism in the United States, noting particular historical, cultural, and religious factors that have influenced relations there between Christians from many different backgrounds. Religious freedom, associated with the separation of Church and state, has given rise to a rich diversity of religious communities, but tolerance has also in some ways blurred confessional boundaries and complicated theological dialogue and the effort for visible Christian unity. The origin and role of the National Association of Evangelicals, the National Council of Churches of Christ in the USA, and Christian Churches Together in the USA are described, together with initiatives which have given rise to the United Church of Christ and to the Church Uniting in Christ. Bilateral dialogues and some of their fruits are considered, as well as many ways in which Christian bodies collaborate more broadly. Continuing issues in the American context are identified and discussed.
Methodist
Authors: Chapman David M. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The chapter investigates the ways in which Methodism, both globally and nationally, has viewed ecumenism theoretically and practically, responded to its challenges and opportunities, and contributed to its development. First, the chapter examines ecumenical method in Methodism and its foundations in Methodist missiology. Secondly, it outlines Methodist/Wesleyan involvement in selected ecumenical bodies (World Methodist Council, World Council of Churches, Global Christian Forum) and relations with other Christian communities, including participation in unity schemes. Thirdly, it surveys Methodism’s international bilateral dialogues respectively with Roman Catholics, Anglicans, Lutheran, Reformed, Orthodox, and the Salvation Army. Finally, taking stock of the present ecumenical situation, the chapter identifies two methodological issues that require attention from Methodists as they continue to engage in ecumenical activity.