bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wissenschaftliche Bibliothekarin – Warum wähle ich diesen Beruf?
Authors: Anna Rebecca , Voß Andrea 
Published: October 2017

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag berichten zwei Germanistinnen über ihre Entscheidung, die postgraduale Ausbildung zur wissenschaftlichen Bibliothekarin aufzunehmen. Deutlich werden die individuellen Beweggründe, die aus unterschiedlichen Studien- und Berufserfahrungen hervorgehen. Bekanntschaft mit Beruf und Vorbereitungsdienst haben beide dabei eher durch Zufall gemacht. Die Referendarinnen haben im Praxisjahr insbesondere die Einsicht gewonnen, dass der Beruf eine Vielfalt möglicher Aufgaben und Einsatzfelder in wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken bietet. Positiv hervorgehoben werden u. a. die Bereiche Informationskompetenz, Organisationsentwicklung und Projektmanagement.
A review of internal corrosion mechanism and experimental study for pipelines based on multiphase flow
Authors: Zhang Hao , Lan Hui-qing 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe internal corrosion of pipelines in the petroleum industry is highly risky, and induced pipeline cracking may give rise to potential injury to personnel and environmental issues. The oil-water two-phase flow and the oil-gas-water three-phase flow are often observed in gathering and transportation pipelines. It is generally accepted that corrosion is induced by the presence of water, although it is a complex hydrodynamic process in which the material is removed from the pipeline due to physicochemical reactions. Hence, it is necessary to determine the key parameters that dominate the corrosion phenomena and how they can be modeled. As the water phase that wets the steel surface determines the initiation of corrosion, several aspects are widely discussed here, such as corrosive medium, phase inversion, water-wetting behavior, the entrainment of water, and the wettability of steel, to explain the corrosion mechanism of multiphase flow and correlation with the corrosion behavior. Of course, empirical and mechanistic models for corrosion prediction in pipelines are discussed. Also, the mostly applied techniques of identifying flow patterns and attaining related parameters in experiments for the evaluation of the corrosiveness of oil-brine mixtures are introduced. Further studies must be undertaken to expand the knowledge of corrosion and find applicable models for corrosion damage prediction and prevention.
Characterization of moisture in acetylated and propionylated radiata pine using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LFNMR) relaxometry
Authors: Beck Greeley , Thybring Emil Engelund , Thygesen Lisbeth Garbrecht , Hill Callum 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMoisture in radiata pine (Pinus radiataD. Don) earlywood (EW), which was acetylated or propionylated to various degrees, was measured by low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LFNMR) relaxometry. Spin-spin relaxation times (T2) were determined for fully saturated samples at 22 and −18°C.T2values for EW lumen water increased with increasing acetylation weight percentage gain (WPG), perhaps caused by the less hydrophilic acetylated wood (AcW) surface. Cell wall water (WCW) and the water in pits and small voids also showed increasingT2values as a function of WPG but with a weaker tendency. A possible explanation is the counteracting effects of decreased hydrophilicity and reduced moisture content (MC) of these water populations at higher levels of acetylation. The evaluation of propionylation on WCWT2data was complicated by peak splitting in the relaxation spectrum. ConstantT2values for void water populations at various WPG levels for propionylated samples indicate a modification gradient in the cell wall. Fiber saturation point (FSP) was significantly reduced by both modifications. Slightly higher FSP values for propionylated samples suggest that physical bulking is not the only factor causing moisture exclusion in AcW. But this interpretation is tentative because of the possibility of cell wall damage caused by propionylation.
The Multinational State That Wasn’t: The Constitutional Definition of Romania as a National State
Authors: Suteu Silvia 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This article looks at the constitutional label of Romania as a ‘national state’ and the constitutional discourse surrounding it. It argues that this label is unavoidably linked to a project of constitutional nationalism. The article examines the origins of the provision enshrining this state characteristic, as well as the eternity clause declaring it unamendable, so as to reconstruct the genealogy of the idea of the national state in Romania. The article traces the origins of the concept to early-twentieth century nation-building discourse but links its current incarnation to the distinctive type of nationalism promoted in late communist and early post-communist Romania and its fear of the Hungarian ‘other’. This fear seeped into debates in the 1990–1991 constituent assembly debating the new constitution, which proceeded to disregard calls for a more pluralist definition of the state and clearer constitutional protection for national minorities. While some of these choices were revisited during the 2003 revision of the constitution, the fundamental law retains its emphasis on the national state. To this day, Article 1 (1) continues to be contested, especially by representatives of the Hungarian community. At the same time, it is invoked and creates confusion every time administrative territorial reorganisation is entertained. The article argues that greater clarity is required in understanding the concept and operation of the national state provision, as well as openness to an inclusive national dialogue surrounding this constitutional unsettlement. Only by moving the constitutional discourse beyond the highly politicised debates of years past, and the ‘us versus them’ mentality informing them, can Romanian constitutionalism show a maturity in keeping with its recent 25-year anniversary.
International Constitutional Law – Inclusive, but Still Selective?
Authors: Köbler Judith 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Developing international constitutional law, apart from difficulties concerning its definition, faces certain well-known problems – ranging from its pluralistic mode of creation to its enforceability, but has also to scrutinise its aims. If its aim is to at least provide a global reference framework for constitutional principles and concepts – since serving as a common set of values does reach its own limits rather quickly eg concerning fundamental issues such as the role of women in society or sustainability – it has to be inclusive in nature. Certain areas of international law, such as human rights – via Universal Periodic Review or treaty monitoring bodies such as CAT – or WTO law interact closely with national constitutional and/or regional international law (ECHR) and or regional constitutional/public law (eg EU Law). Therefore, their ideas may be taken up – voluntarily through courts or academia, due to examination mechanisms through governments or tribunals – be modified (if necessary to fit into a national constitutional system or supranational constitutional framework) and transported back into the global community (eg as feedback within a WTO case or an UPR). This, however, is event driven. Therefore, it cannot be a carefully conceptualised coherent law such as national constitutions. National (and land constitutions, which may also provide important ideals) constitutions in general serve several functions: as set of values eg in the area of fundamental rights, for structuring the state functions by setting up institutions and modes of operation, and as reference for the interpretation of norms eg in court cases. Their overall purpose is to provide a coherent inner regime. Nevertheless, by promoting certain selected ‘institutionalisable’ constitutional ideas (for example through the rule of law initiative) we can aim to strive from a fragmented towards a more coherent global framework.
The Politics of Global Constitutionalism
Authors: Krivenko Ekaterina Yahyaoui 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The article argues that no understanding of global constitutionalism will be complete without a thorough discussion of its political dimension. The current state of scholarship on global constitutionalism is dominated by discussions of legal elements. However, any theory of global constitutionalism has an underlying vision of the political. Without discussing this underlying vision of the political global constitutionalism will remain incomplete. In particular the article demonstrates that the contemporary debates on global constitutionalism are plagued by a contradiction between its aims and its underlying vision of the political. Thus, global constitutionalism postulates individuals as central units of its concern. However, by maintaining states as central actors although in a changed form and with fewer powers global constitutionalism unwittingly subscribes to a vision of the political anchored in the state form and based on the exclusion/inclusion dynamic. This vision of the political is most clearly articulated by Carl Schmitt. The discussion of his view of the political demonstrates that the political based on the state form makes the project of global constitutionalism impossible. The only way forward is an open discussion of different visions of the political and a search for a more adequate vision of the political able to further the aims of global constitutionalism and its focus on individuals. The article discusses one of these alternative visions of the political, namely the concept of the coming politics and coming community as articulated by Giorgio Agamben. It demonstrates how with this vision of the political the project of global constitutionalism can conceive of a political community fully dedicated to the singularities of each individual human being without creating divisions. The article concludes that in order for global constitutionalism to continue as a viable project, an open and explicit discussion of the political is called for.
The Judicial Dialogue in Europe
Authors: Poli Maria Daniela 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The increasing interdependence among different legal orders makes the role of jurisprudence ever more vital in the European constitutional space. As a consequence, the judicial dialogue is at the centre of academic debates. However, it is still an unclear concept, enveloped by a cloud of scepticism. Starting from the main criticism based on the number of judicial conflicts, the article aims to add clarity to the concept by analysing the nature and the dimension of the phenomenon, with particular attention paid to the importance of the homogeneity created by judges.
The Romanian Constitution and Civic Engagement
Authors: Blokker Paul 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The article discusses civic engagement in Romanian constitutionalism. First, I briefly discuss theoretical dimensions of the relation between citizens and constitutional change. Second, the Romanian Constitution will be analyzed in terms of formal constitutional instruments of civic participation. Third, civic engagement in constitution-making and constitutional reform since 1991 will be studied. I will conclude that in the early years of Romanian democratic constitutionalism, citizens’ formal possibilities and actual capacities for engagement in constitutional politics have been severely limited. Civic participation has, however, become more promising and prominent in the 2003 and 2013 reform processes. The Romanian dual experience with the Forum Constituţional ought to be studied as part of a larger wave of participatory constitutional reform in Europe, which also helps to bring out a more general problem of such reform, ie, the lack of formal institutionalization of civic participation.
Regional Economic Integration and the Reality of Strong National Constitutional Powers in South America. A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Lizarazo Rodríguez Liliana , De Lombaerde Philippe 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This paper contributes to the discussion on the potential of today’s regional economic integration projects in South America. The starting point is a global mapping exercise of constitutional references to regionalism, which allows locating and typifying the South American constitutional contexts in comparison to global patterns. This global analysis is then connected to the context of South American constitutionalism, on the one hand, and the institutionalization of the various sub-regional economic integration schemes, on the other. The article finds that although South American constitutions refer more frequently to regionalism than the global average and incorporate clauses that promote regional cooperation and integration, very often these clauses are compensated by other clauses that seek the protection of national sovereignty and safeguard the absolute supremacy of the national constitutional framework. This helps to explain the inherent limitations of South American regional economic integration projects towards the future, and non-compliance with regional rules in the past.
Austrian Constitutional Court: Constitutionality of the Obligation to Bear Costs in Criminal Proceedings
Authors: Eller Mathias 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The Austrian Constitutional Court ruled on applications alleging infringements of fundamental rights and on the constitutionality of the obligation to bear costs in criminal proceedings as stipulated in the Austrian Code of Criminal Procedure. The Court, however, dismissed the applications and stated that acquitted persons in criminal proceedings are generally not entitled to any reimbursement. Neither the Equality Clause nor other fundamental rights, including those safeguarded in the ECHR, have been infringed by the provisions in question.
Austrian Constitutional Court: Considering Climate Change as a Public Interest is Arbitrary – Refusal of Third Runway Permit Annulled
Authors: Hollaus Birgit 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
In the present case, the Constitutional Court found that in having considered climate change as public interest opposing the permitting of a third runway at Vienna International Airport, the deciding court had comprehensively misjudged the applicable law and thus acted arbitrarily. ‘Climate change’, the public interest in climate protection respectively, is not a public interest reflected in the Austrian Aviation Act, which the deciding court relied upon; interpreting the Act in light of the Austrian Federal Constitutional Act on Sustainability cannot newly found such a public interest. Highly anticipated, the judgment of the Constitutional Court surprises with its line of reasoning in arriving at this conclusion.
Bayesian Deconvolution of Vessel Residence Time Distribution
Authors: Huddle Thomas , Langston Paul , Lester Edward 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Residence time distribution (RTD) within vessels is a critical aspect for the design and operation of continuous flow technologies, such as hydrothermal synthesis of nanomaterials. RTD affects product characteristics, such as particle size distribution. Tracer techniques allow measurement of RTD, but often cannot be used on an individual vessel in multiple vessel systems due to unsuitable exit flow conditions. However, RTD can be measured indirectly by removal of this vessel from the system and deconvoluting the resulting detected tracer profile from the original trace of the entire system. This paper presents three models for deconvolution of RTD: BAY an application of the Lucy-Richardson iterative algorithm using Bayes’ Theorem, LSQ an adaptation of a least squares error approach and FFT a Fast Fourier Transform. These techniques do not require any assumption about the form of the RTD. The three models are all accurate in theoretical tests with no simulated measurement error. For scenarios with simulated measurement error in the convoluted distribution, the FFT and BAY models are both very accurate. The LSQ model is the least suitable and the output is very noisy; smoothing functions can produce smooth curves, but the resulting RTD is less accurate than the other models. In experimental tests the BAY and FFT models produce near identical results which are very accurate. Both models run quickly, but in real time control the runtime for BAY would have to be considered further. BAY does not require any filtering or smoothing here, and so potentially there are applications where it might be more useful than FFT.
Safer and healthier reduced nitrites turkey meat sausages using lyophilized Cystoseira barbata seaweed extract
Authors: Sellimi Sabrine , Benslima Abdelkarim , Ksouda Ghada , Montero Veronique Barragan , Hajji Mohamed , Nasri Moncef 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Background
Nitrite salts are still common additives in the meat industry. The present study provides a first approach on the employment of the lyophilized aqueous extract (WE) of the Tunisian seaweed Cystoseira barbata for the quality enhancement of turkey meat sausage.

Methods
WE was supplemented as a natural antioxidant agent to investigate its effectiveness in delaying lipid oxidation turkey meat sausages containing reduced amounts of sodium nitrites.

Results
On storage day 5, all concentrations of WE (0.01–0.4 %) reduced the meat lipid oxidation by approximately 36 %, as compared to the negative control containing only 80 mg/kg of meat of sodium nitrites as antioxidant. It was noted that within 15 days of refrigerated storage, a meat system containing 80 mg/kg of meat of sodium nitrites and 0.02 % and 0.04 % of WE had similar Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) levels (19±1.32 and 17±1.12 µmol/kg of meat, respectively), which were comparable to the positive control containing sodium nitrites (150 mg/kg of meat) and 0.045 % vitamin C (18.46±1.27 µmol/kg of meat). In-depth, the metabolomic profiling using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography–quadripole–time–of–flight–mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) analyses of the Tunisian seaweed C. barbata solvent extracts showed that the main active compounds were phenolic compounds, fatty acids and sterols.

Conclusions
Overall, the cold medium containing C. barbata lyophilized aqueous extrac, with strong antioxidant activity and antihypertensive properties, may open the way to the development of a natural quality enhancement strategy for new functional and ever healthier reduced nitrites meat sausages based on algae.
Evaluation of the antioxidant impact of ginger-based kombucha on the murine breast cancer model
Authors: Salafzoon Samaneh , Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini Hamideh , Halabian Raheleh 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Background
Abnormal metabolism is a common event in cancerous cells. For example, the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, particularly due to aerobic respiration during invasive stage, results in cancer progression. Herein, the impact of kombucha tea prepared from ginger on the alteration of antioxidant agents was assessed in the breast cancer animal model.

Methods
Two types of kombucha tea with or without ginger were administered to BALB/c mice before and after tumor challenge. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were evaluated in tumor, liver and kidney.

Results
Administration of kombucha ginger tea significantly decreased catalase activity as well as GSH and MDA level in tumor homogenate (p<0.001). A significant decrease in SOD activity and increase in MDA quantity was determined in the kidney which had received kombucha ginger tea (p<0.01).

Conclusions
The consumption of kombucha prepared from ginger could exert minor antioxidant impacts by balancing multi antioxidant factors in different tissues in the breast cancer models.
Design and Investigations with all Optical Multilogic Network
Authors: Tripathi Devendra Kr. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This article presents investigation for all optical multilogic function in the proposed single photonic network. Logic operations the AND, OR, NOR, XNOR, NOT, Buffer,

A
ˉ

B

$\bar AB$

,

A

B
ˉ

$A\bar B$

have been executed simultaneously at higher data rate for nonreturn-to-zero pattern on the different C-band wavelengths. Numerous logic functions have been accomplished by the optical multiplexer, couplers exploiting SOA nonlinearities, which are else contemplated as cons, if SOA is exercised as an amplifying device. Numerical simulation for parameters as bias voltage of the modulator, nonreturn-to-zero, return-to-zero, Mach-Zehnder type modulation formats, data rate and numerous drives as on-off-ramp, raised cosine, on-off-exp, on-off in conjunction with key design features length, width, thickness of SOA have been aptly explored in terms of the extinction factor. Investigations depicted good performance for the nonreturn-to-zero format. Accordingly, output patterns for the multilogic executions have been verified at 10 Gbps data rate with nonreturn-to-zero pattern. The proposed schematic could be one of the feasible means for the design of upcoming composite photonic computation higher data rate links, as it excludes need for most expensive optoelectronic translations.
Safety and efficacy of the cervical pessary combined with vaginal progesterone for the prevention of spontaneous preterm birth
Authors: Daskalakis Georgios , Zacharakis Dimitrios , Theodora Marianna , Antsaklis Panagiotis , Papantoniou Nikolaos , Loutradis Dimitris , Antsaklis Aris 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Introduction:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the combined treatment of cervical pessary and endovaginal progesterone for the prevention of spontaneous preterm birth (SPB) in women with a short cervical length (CL) between 20 and 24 weeks of gestation.

Materials and methods:
This is a prospective study of women with a singleton pregnancy and a sonographically detected mid-trimester CL ≤25 mm. The primary outcome measure was spontaneous delivery before 34 weeks (238 days) of gestation.

Results:
The study sample consisted of 90 women with a mean CL of 14.2 mm (SD=6.5 mm). Of the women, 34.4% had at least one risk factor for SPB; 7.8% delivered preterm before 34 weeks of gestation, and 25.6%, before 37 weeks. Neonatal death occurred in two (2.2%) cases due to respiratory distress syndrome. Lower body mass index values, history of preterm delivery and number of second trimester miscarriages were independently associated with delivery before 34 weeks.

Conclusion:
The combination of vaginal progesterone and cervical pessary for the prevention of SPB in women with a short cervix is safe and well tolerated. This therapy was associated with pregnancy prolongation, reduced prematurity rate and a low rate of perinatal complications.