bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying of Indicator Vertebrate Species to Environmental Assessment in the Landscape: Danube – Oder – Elbe Water Canal in the Czech Republic
Authors: Poprach Karel , Řehák Zdeněk , Zwach Ivan , Machar Ivo 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The aim of the study is to assess potential impact of construction of the Danube - Oder - Elbe (DOL) water canal on populations of vertebrate species - amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals - and present using these species as bioindicators on landscape level. For analysis of the data, the canal route was divided into smaller sections which were assessed separately. The following criteria were analysed: 1) current occurrence of target vertebrate species, 2) identification of species affected by canal construction, including evaluation of their numbers, 3) identification of affected species protected by Czech legislation, 4) identification of affected species protected by EU legislation, 5) impact assessment of the DOL project on Special Protection Areas (SPAs) and Special Areas of Conservation (SACs), 6) data synthesis and impact assessment of the DOL vertebrates in the particular catchment areas. It is apparent that the most important negative impacts on vertebrate populations and their habitats in case of implementation of the DOL plan can be expected in the following sections of the Morava river: Hodonín - Břeclav, Kroměříž - Otrokovice, Veselí na Moravě - Hodonín, Troubky - Kroměříž, Doubravice - Střelice; of the Oder river: Jeseník nad Odrou - Ostrava, Ostrava - state border; and of the Elbe river: Česká Třebová - Pardubice. In case of construction of the DOL canal, disturbance, damage or loss of vertebrate habitats will occur at least at 6 out of 9 studied sections in the Morava catchment area, at 3 of 4 sections in the Oder catchment area and at 2 of 3 sections in the Elbe catchment area.
Improved molding of micro structures using PVD-coated mold inserts
Authors: Hopmann Christian , Bobzin Kirsten , Brögelmann Tobias , Schäfer Christian , Schöngart Maximilian , Röbig Malte , Naderi Mona 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Micro structured optical plastics components are intensively used, i.e. in consumer electronics, for optical sensors in metrology, innovative LED-lighting, or laser technology. Injection molding has been proven successful for the large-scale production of these parts. However, the production of these parts still causes difficulties due to challenges in the molding and demolding of plastics parts created with laser-structured mold inserts. A complete molding of the structures often leads to increased demolding forces, which then cause a breaking of the structures and a clogging of the mold. An innovative approach is to combine physical vapor deposition (PVD)-coated, laser-structured inserts and a variothermal molding process to create functional micro structures in a one-step process. Therefore, a PVD coating is applied after the laser-structuring process in order to improve the wear resistance and the anti-adhesive properties against the plastics melt. In a series of molding trials with polycarbonate (PC) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) using different coated molds, the mold temperature during injection was varied in the range of the glass transition and the melt temperature of the polymers. Subsequently, the surface topography of the molded parts was evaluated by digital three-dimensional laser-scanning microscopy. The influence of the molding parameters and the coating of the mold insert on the molding accuracy and the demolding behavior were analyzed. It was shown that micro structures created by ultra-short pulse laser ablation can be successfully replicated in a variothermal molding process. Due to the mold coating, significant improvements could be achieved in producing micro structured optical plastics components.
Peasant Migration: Law and Practice in Early Ottoman Palestine
Authors: Singer Amy 
Published: July 2016

Peasant migration was the subject of careful regulation in the Ottoman Empire. The government tried to control peasant movement in order to ensure the supply of agricultural labor; peasants, on the other hand, used migration as one weapon against government abuses. This article examines Ottoman policy towards migration and recorded instances of peasant migration in sixteenth-century Palestine.Peasant migration is most commonly considered in the context of seasonal labor movements, responding to large-scale agricultural enterprises or temporary labor shortages. Alternatively, migration may occur as a result of some disaster: war, famine, drought, or flood. Temporary migration suggests a short-term move, wherein people pull up stakes for a denned period and retrace their steps after some months or years. This article, however, examines migration as the action of individuals who appear to have left their former homes permanently.
The treatment of chronic heart failure secondary to Chagas cardiomyopathy in the contemporary era
Authors: Bestetti Reinaldo Bulgarelli , Daniel Rosemary Aparecida Furlan 
Published: July 2016

<p>Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) affects about half patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy. Outcome of CHF secondary to Chagas cardiomyopathy is relentless with an annual mortality approaching 20%, which is higher than that observed in non-Chagas disease heart failure. The pathophysiology of Chagas disease is similar to that found in non-Chagas disease heart failure with a marked activation of the neurohormonal system. No randomized trial has been conducted in patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy with CHF to assess the effect of a drug on mortality of such patients. Therefore, the treatment of CHF secondary to Chagas cardiomyopathy relies on drugs prescribed to patients with non-Chagas disease heart failure<strong>. </strong>Patients with Chagas disease heart failure have been classified into stages A to D according to the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association. Little can be done to patients in the stage A of CHF, except for treatment of comorbidities. In patients in the stage B of CHF, aldosterone receptor antagonist, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), and Betablockers (BB) can be indicated. In patients in the stage C of CHF, the same drugs are of value. In addition, diuretics, digoxin, angiotensin receptor blockers to patients intolerant to ACEI have also been used. Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy and Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator may have indications similar to that of non-Chagas disease patients. In stage D of CHF, heart transplantation is a valid option for patients with this condition. </p>
Ethnic Conflict between the Muslims and Christians in Nigeria: The Dilemma of Decision-Making of the Political Elites
Authors: Jacob Ray Ikechukwu 
Published: July 2016

This paper examines how ethnic conflict occurred as a result of actions or decisions made by either local government, state or federal government in Nigeria. Ethnic conflict can be triggered due to various factors, such geographical proximity, group identity, deliberate manipulation of negative perceptions by political leaders, competition of resources, weakness of political institution transitions to democracy, and etc. However, the main focus of this paper is the implementation of Shari’a law in the Northern Nigeria and how the decisions and the implementations have led to blood-shed conflicts in the country. In general, a number of blood-shed events that occurred in Nigeria are also due to the process of decision-making by the political elites that could not fulfil the requirements of the respective ethnic groups. The implications had been overwhelmingly devastating in the country. Uncountable lives were lost via mayhem and blood-shed wars. Homes, shops and properties were destroyed. The economic implications of ethnic conflict have resulted in unequal distribution of resources among individual, groups and regions within the country. The growing economic disparities may increase the fear of those ethnic groups that are disadvantaged; this has warranted that the ignorant masses are often being remote and mobilized by the political class to engage in religious crisis in order to achieve their selfish political interests. In the same vein, similar ethnic based political movements have arisen in Nigeria. Therefore, decision-making is one source that could lead to ethnic conflict in a multi-cultural and ethnic country like Nigeria. Decision-making approach was used to examine the scene of conflict by focusing only on the religious conflict between Muslims and Christians in the country.
ATORES BUROCRÁTICOS E SUA ATUAÇÃO POLÍTICA NO INTERIOR DA GESTÃO GOVERNAMENTAL
Authors: Grin Eduardo José 
Published: July 2016

<p>No artigo se aborda a relação entre a burocracia e a política interorganizacional, especialmente sob a ótica da coordenação intragovernamental. O objetivo geral foi analisar criticamente autores das áreas de Administração Pública, Sociologia das Organizações e Ciência Política à luz do problema como proposto e da pergunta da pesquisa como formulada. Em termos específicos, buscou-se discutir o tema sob dois enfoques complementares: a dinâmica interorganizacional do poder público enfatizando os desafios para se obter integração intragovernamental em face dos obstáculos institucionais e políticos que existem, e o papel e ação das burocracias públicas como atores políticos e os efeitos gerados nos domínios de políticas públicas e na gestão interna do aparato estatal. A metodologia utilizada foi a análise qualitativa de conteúdo, sendo as bibliografias de Administração Pública, Sociologia das Organizações e Ciência Política consideradas o <em>corpus</em> empírico. Conclui-se que os atores burocráticos são peças vitais para se compreender a dinâmica intragovernamental e as políticas que resultam desse processo como um jogo de poder. Se as instituições não podem ser consideradas meros reflexos do ambiente externo, pois também influenciam a vida social, os conflitos interburocráticos podem ser uma variável relevante na análise dessa questão.</p><p>Palavras-chave: Atores burocráticos. Política interorganizacional. Coordenação intragovernamental. </p>
Acute Gastroenteritis and Recreational Water: Highest Burden Among Young US Children
Authors: Arnold Benjamin F. , Wade Timothy J. , Benjamin-Chung Jade , Schiff Kenneth C. , Griffith John F. , Dufour Alfred P. , Weisberg Stephen B. , Colford John M. 
Published: July 2016

Objectives. To provide summary estimates of gastroenteritis risks and illness burden associated with recreational water exposure and determine whether children have higher risks and burden. Methods. We combined individual participant data from 13 prospective cohorts at marine and freshwater beaches throughout the United States (n = 84 411). We measured incident outcomes within 10 days of exposure: diarrhea, gastrointestinal illness, missed daily activity (work, school, vacation), and medical visits. We estimated the relationship between outcomes and 2 exposures: body immersion swimming and Enterococcus spp. fecal indicator bacteria levels in the water. We also estimated the population-attributable risk associated with these exposures. Results. Water exposure accounted for 21% of diarrhea episodes and 9% of missed daily activities but was unassociated with gastroenteritis leading to medical consultation. Children aged 0 to 4 and 5 to 10 years had the most water exposure, exhibited stronger associations between levels of water quality and illness, and accounted for the largest attributable illness burden. Conclusions. The higher gastroenteritis risk and associated burden in young children presents important new information to inform future recreational water quality guidelines designed to protect public health.
A dualitás kérdése a rendszerváltást követő gazdasági fejlődésben
Authors: Szanyi Miklos 
Published: July 2016

E tanulmány képet kíván adni az átalakuló gazdaságok KMT-alapú gazdaságfejlődési modelljének egyik fő dilemmájáról és annak megoldási lehetőségeiről. Először a dualitás kérdését vizsgálja1.Jellemzi a két struktúrát, bemutatja a kettő közötti eltéréseket, valamint a vizsgált két vállalatcsoport gazdasági beágyazódásának sajátosságait. Rámutat a vámszabad területi szabályozás hatásaira. A magyar vállalkozások számára adódó alacsonyabb szintű bekapcsolódási lehetőségek közül kiemeli a bérmunkakapcsolatokat mint jellemző formát. Feltárja azokat a tényezőket, amelyek a két szektor közöttiátjárást nehezítik. A tanulmány második fele a dualitást csökkenteni képes tudásátadás, a multinacionális cégektől kiinduló átcsorduló (spillover) hatások jelentőségét taglalja, illetve a mérésükre tett kísérletektapasztalatait.
JEL: F23, L53
A közép-kelet-európai országok agrár-külkereskedelmi integrációja az Európai Unióba: mit mondanak nekünk a nemzetközi kereskedelemelmélet előrejelzései és az empirikus vizsgálatok?
Authors: Ferto Imre 
Published: July 2016

A cikk röviden áttekinti a közép-kelet-európai országok az Európai Unióba irányuló agrár-külkereskedelmi integrációjáról szóló empirikus irodalom legfontosabb eredményeit. A várakozásokkal szemben a régió országai nem lettek jelentős agrárexportőrök. Az agrárkereskedelem specializációjában, az ágazaton belüli kereskedelem szerkezete, az ár és minőségi árversenyképesség jelentős szóródást mutat az egyes országok és termékcsoportok között. A különbségek jórészt visszavezethetők a relatív tényezőellátottságban megfigyelhető eltérésekre, illetve az egyes országok különböző kiindulóhelyzetére. Az új elméleti ésmódszertani eredmények alkalmazása az agrár-külkereskedelem elemzésében sokat segíthet az új tagállamok külkereskedelmi integrációjának jobb megértésében.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: Q12
A szuverén vagyonalapok szerepe a nemzetközi pénzügyi rendszerben
Authors: Kovacs Eniko Agnes 
Published: July 2016

A korábban passzív pénzügyi befektetőkként tevékenykedő szuverén vagyonalapok manapság a tőkepiacok egyre aktívabb résztvevői. Folyamatosan növekvő eszközállományukkal megvan rá a lehetőségük, hogy jelentős hatást gyakoroljanak mind az egész pénzügyi szolgáltató ágazatra, mind a nemzetközi tőkeáramlásra. E tanulmány átfogó képet kíván nyújtani a vagyonalapoknak a hitelválságban betöltött szerepéről, a gazdasági és pénzügyi rendszerre gyakorolt hatásukról, majd felmerül az átláthatóság, azaz a transzparencia hiánya, mely probléma abból ered, hogy az alapok működésükkel, befektetéseikkel kapcsolatban meglehetősen kevés információt szolgáltatnak, végül pedig a szuverén vagyonalapokkal kapcsolatos nemzetközi szintű kezdeményezésekről lesz szó.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: E58, F21, F30, G15
Growth hormone receptor gene variant and three-dimensional mandibular morphology
Authors: Nakawaki Takatoshi , Yamaguchi Tetsutaro , Isa Mutsumi , Kawaguchi Akira , Tomita Daisuke , Hikita Yu , Suzuki-Tomoyasu Yoko , Adel Mohamed , Ishida Hajime , Maki Koutaro , Kimura Ryosuke 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTObjective: To examine the relationship between three-dimensional mandibular morphology and growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene variants in a healthy Japanese population.Materials and Methods: The subjects, who were unrelated Japanese orthodontic patients, consisted of 64 men and 114 women. Using the Taqman genotyping assay, GHR gene rs6184 and rs6180 variants were detected in genomic DNA extracted from saliva. Mandibular volume and length were measured from cone-beam computed tomography images that were analyzed using Analyze image-processing software. The relationship between GHR gene variants and three-dimensional mandibular morphology was statistically examined.Results: Statistical significance for the relationship between the distance between the left and right coronoid processes and rs6180 was noted (P &lt; .05).Conclusion: Our results indicate that the GHR variant rs6180 is associated with the distance between the left and right coronoid process in the Japanese subjects.
Comparative study of intraocular pressure (IP) in Bangladeshi individuals by contact and non contact technique
Authors: Wadud Sayed Abdul , Ahmad Md. Sharfuddin , Shahid Muntasir Bin 
Published: July 2016

Background: Intraocular pressure (IOP) is one of the most important parameters in the diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma. Glaucoma has been established as the second leading cause of blindness. The treatment of glaucoma focuses mainly on lowering intraocular pressure (IOP). The target IOP is often set to a level 20% to 30% of IOP reduction, and consequent large IOP reduction beyond 30% or even 40% in cases of advanced glaucoma The different methods of tonometery are: Goldman Applanation tonometery, Noncontact (air-puff) tonometery, Perkins tonometery, Tonopen tonometery, Transpalpebral tonometery.Objective: To determine the frequency of accuracy of intraocular pressure (IOP) measured by non-contact (air puff) tonometer compared with Goldmann applanation tonometer.Methods: This was a non-interventional, cross sectional study conducted at a tertiary care centre of Dhaka, Bangladesh. consecutive subjects attending the BSMMU eye OPD were included in the study. IOP was measured by non-contact (air puff) tonometer and a slit lamp mounted GAT in all the subjects. The study samples were selected by convenience sampling who presented for check-up in the Eye Department of community ophthalmology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka. Bangladesh. Results:A total of 120 eyes in 60 patients were studied. The mean age of the patients was 41.60 year. study population consisted of 24 (40 %) men and 36 (60 %) women. The mean intraocular pressure was 13.52 &13.72 mmHg for GAT, and 16.64 & 17.44 mmHg for Air puff respectively. The range of measurements by GAT was from 10 to 23 mmHg and by Air puff was 12 to 28mmHg. The difference between IOP measured by two instruments were statistically significant (p=0.000).Conclusion: Airpuff tonometer is quick, a non-contact method to measure intraocular pressure and is useful for screening purposes and postoperative case but the measurements should be confirmed with Goldmann applanation tonometer for accurate labelling of intraocular pressure.
Generic solutions to coordination and organizational costs: informing cooperative longevity
Authors: Cook M.L. , Iliopoulos C. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
For years, scholars and policy makers have ar gued that cooperatives, particularly agricultural cooperatives, exhibit organizational inefficiencies primarily caused by individual member behavior that is often independent and non-cooperative conflicting with the formation of effective coalition building. This free riding tendency creates significant challenges for a continued joint collaboration between and among member patrons. Yet, agricultural cooperatives have a long history of surviving as successful business enterprises. This paper presents a framework that proposes generic solutions effective as design principles in addressing the negative consequences of high organization costs, thus leading to sustainable common group interest activities.
The effectiveness of the South African Triage Toll use in Mahalapye District Hospital – Emergency Department, Botswana
Authors: Tshitenge Stephane T. , Ogunbanjo Gboyega A. , Mbuka Deogratias O. 
Published: July 2016

Background: The study aimed to determine the proportion of each priority level of patients, time of performance in each priority level, and the reliability of the South African Triage Scale (SATS) tool at the Mahalapye District Hospital - Emergency Department (MDH-ED), a setting where the majority of the nurses were not formally trained on the use of the SATS.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using case records in MDH-ED from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2014. A panel of experts from the Mahalapye site of the Family Medicine Department, University of Botswana, reviewed and scored each selected case record that was compared with the scores previously attributed to the nurse triage.Results: From the 315 case records, both the nurse triage and the panel of expert triage assigned the majority of cases in the routine category (green), 146 (46%) and 125 (40%), respectively, or in the urgent category (yellow), they assigned 140 (44%) and 111 (35%) cases, respectively.Overall, there was an adequate agreement between the nurse triage and the panel of expert triage (k = 0.4, 95% confidence interval: 0.3–0.5), although the level of agreement was satisfactory.Conclusion: Findings of the study reported that the profile of the priority-level categories in MDH-ED was made in the majority of routine and urgent patients, only the routine and the emergency patients were seen within the targeted time and they had a satisfactory level of reliability (between 0.4 and 0.6).
A Double-indexed Functional Hill Process and Applications
Authors: Ngom Modou , Lo Gane Samb 
Published: July 2016

<div>Let $X_{1,n} \leq .... \leq X_{n,n}$ be the order statistics associated with a sample $X_{1}, ...., X_{n}$ whose pertaining distribution function (\textit{df}) is $F$. We are concerned with the functional asymptotic behaviour of the sequence of stochastic processes</div><div> </div><div>\begin{equation}<br />T_{n}(f,s)=\sum_{j=1}^{j=k}f(j)\left( \log X_{n-j+1,n}-\log<br />X_{n-j,n}\right)^{s} , \label{fme}<br />\end{equation}</div><div> </div><div>indexed by some classes $\mathcal{F}$ of functions $f:\mathbb{N}%^{\ast}\longmapsto \mathbb{R}_{+}$ and $s \in ]0,+\infty[$ and where $k=k(n)$ satisfies</div><div> </div><div>\begin{equation*}<br />1\leq k\leq n,k/n\rightarrow 0\text{ as }n\rightarrow \infty .<br />\end{equation*}</div><div> </div><div>We show that this is a stochastic process whose margins generate estimators of the extreme value index when $F$ is in the extreme domain of attraction. We focus in this paper on its finite-dimension asymptotic law and provide a class of new estimators of the extreme value index whose performances are compared to analogous ones. The results are next particularized for one explicit class $\mathcal{F}$.</div>
Questões de Michel Foucault à revista Hérodote e respostas dos geógrafos
Authors: Leite de Barros Ana Maria , Zanotelli Claudio 
Published: July 2016

Esse texto foi traduzido livremente do original em francês da Revista Hérodote, abril-junho, segundo trimestre de 1977, n.6, p.3-39, por Ana Maria Leite de Barros e teve revisão técnica de Cláudio Luiz Zanotelli. A versão original da revista foi obtida de gallica.bnf.fr/Bibliothèque Nationale de France.Trata-se de texto inédito em português. Ele é o prosseguimento lógico do primeiro dialogo estabelecido entre Foucault e os geógrafos que gravitavam entorno da Revista Herodote fundada por Yves Lacoste. Em efeito, no primeiro número de revista Hérodote, primeiro trimestre de 1976, janeiro-março, esse geógrafos apresentaram questões a Michel Foucault que as respondeu e a entrevista foi publicada nesse mesmo número (p.71-85). Essa entrevista com Michel Foucault foi traduzida no Brasil por Roberto Machado e Angela Loureiro de Souza e publicada dentre outros artigos no livro Microfísica do poder em capitulo intitulado Sobre Geografia, (Michel Foucault, Microfísica do poder, p.153-166, Rio de Janeiro: Graal, 1999 [ primeira edição em português 1979].O dialogo ora apresentado prolonga o debate, pois desta feita é Foucault que endereça questões os geógrafos. São inúmeros geógrafos que respondem às questões, dentre eles Milton Santos, Jean-Bernard Racine e Claude Raffestin.