bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Foetal Loss Correlates Positively with Seroconversion againstMycobacterium avium paratuberculosisin High‐Producing Dairy Cows
Authors: Garcia‐Ispierto I , López‐Gatius F 
Published: February 2016

ContentsThis study was designed to examine (i) the seroprevalence ofMycobacterium avium subs paratuberculosis(MAP) in a high‐producing dairy herd with clinical symptoms of bovine paratuberculosis, (ii)MAPseroconversion and seronegativation dynamics in the herd and (iii) possible relationships betweenMAPinfection status and herd reproductive performance. One single blood test per cow was performed early post‐partum on a monthly basis from day 10–40 post‐partum during the first year of the study in 519 cows belonging to a commercial dairy herd. A subset of 111 cows that became pregnant during the study was tested again 60–200 days later during the early foetal period, immediately after the first confirmation of gestation at 58–64 days post‐AI. Logistic regression analysis indicated no effect of any independent variable onMAPseropositivity and conception rate 28–34 days post‐AI.MAPseropositivity was not a factor affecting the anoestrous, subfertility and early foetal loss rates. In the subset of 111 cows, animals that seroconverted had a 3.9 times greater risk of suffering from early foetal loss (30.3%, 10/33) than the remaining pregnant animals (10.3%, 8/78), (95% confidence interval: 1.11–13.4; p = 0.003). In conclusion, early foetal loss was positively correlated with seroconversion toMAP. Reproductive performance was not impaired byMAPinfection.
Facies model for a coarse‐grained, tide‐influenced delta: Gule Horn Formation (Early Jurassic), Jameson Land, Greenland
Authors: Eide Christian Haug , Howell John A. , Buckley Simon J. , Martinius Allard W. , Oftedal Bjørn Terje , Henstra Gijs A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTide‐dominated deltas have an inherently complex distribution of heterogeneities on several different scales and are less well‐understood than their wave‐dominated and river‐dominated counterparts. Depositional models of these environments are based on a small set of ancient examples and are, therefore, immature. The Early Jurassic Gule Horn Formation is particularly well‐exposed in extensive sea cliffs from which a 32 km long, 250 m high virtual outcrop model has been acquired using helicopter‐mounted light detection and ranging (LiDAR). This dataset, combined with a set of sedimentological logs, facilitates interpretation and measurement of depositional elements and tracing of stratigraphic surfaces over seismic‐scale distances. The aim of this article is to use this dataset to increase the understanding of depositional elements and lithologies in proximal, unconfined, tide‐dominated deltas from the delta plain to prodelta. Deposition occurred in a structurally controlled embayment, and immature sediments indicate proximity to the sediment source. The succession is tide dominated but contains evidence for strong fluvial influence and minor wave influence. Wave influence is more pronounced in transgressive intervals. Nine architectural elements have been identified, and their internal architecture and stratigraphical distribution has been investigated. The distal parts comprise prodelta, delta front and unconfined tidal bar deposits. The medial part is characterized by relatively narrow, amalgamated channel fills with fluid mud‐rich bases and sandier deposits upward, interpreted as distributary channels filled by tidal bars deposited near the turbidity maximum. The proximal parts of the studied system are dominated by sandy distributary channel and heterolithic tidal‐flat deposits. The sandbodies of the proximal tidal channels are several kilometres wide and wider than exposures in all cases. Parasequence boundaries are easily defined in the prodelta to delta‐front environments, but are difficult to trace into the more proximal deposits. This article illustrates the proximal to distal organization of facies in unconfined tide‐dominated deltas and shows how such environments react to relative sea‐level rise.
Integrating Indoor and Outdoor Spaces for Pedestrian Navigation Guidance: A Review
Authors: Vanclooster Ann , Van de Weghe Nico , De Maeyer Philippe 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn light of the many improvements within 3D urban modeling and Location‐Based Services, this article provides a timely review of the state‐of‐the‐art on integrating indoor and outdoor spaces in pedestrian navigation guidance aids. With people moving seamlessly between buildings and surrounding areas, navigation guidance tools should extend from merely outdoor or indoor guidance, to provide support in the combined indoor‐outdoor context. This article first examines the challenges and complexities of integrating indoor and outdoor spaces into a single navigation system. Next, by using objective selection criteria, 36 relevant studies were withheld and further reviewed on their specific developments in data model requirements, and algorithmic and context support for integrated IO navigation systems. This review shows that the challenges of dealing with both indoor and outdoor space structures, while taking into account pedestrian's freer use of space, currently complicate the proposition of a unified IO space concept for navigation. However, there are some ongoing developments (e.g. context definitions, algorithmic extensions, increased data availability, growing awareness of pedestrians’ perception during wayfinding) that will help to bring outdoor and indoor spaces closer together in the realm of combined geospatial analysis.
Optimization of the management of platelet concentrate stocks in the Basque Country using mathematical simulation
Authors: Pérez Vaquero M. Á. , Gorria C. , Lezaun M. , López F. J. , Monge J. , Eguizabal C. , Vesga M. A. 
Published: February 2016

Background and ObjectivesThe management of platelet concentrate (PC) stocks is not simple given their short shelf life and variable demand. In general, managers decide on PC production based on personal experience. The objective of this study was to provide a tool to help decide how many PC units to produce each day in a more rational and objective way.Materials and MethodsFrom the historical data on PCs produced, transfused and discarded in the Basque Country in 2012, a mathematical model was built, based on the normality of the time series of the transfusions performed on each day of the week throughout the year. This model was implemented in an easy‐to‐use Excel spreadsheet and validated using real production data from 2013.ResultsComparing with real 2013 data, in the best scenario, the number of PC units that expired was 87·7% lower, PC production, 14·3% lower and the age of the PCs transfused nearly 1‐day younger in the simulation. If we want to ensure a minimum stock at the end of each day, the outdating rate and average age of the transfused PCs progressively increase.ConclusionThe practical application of the designed tool can facilitate decision‐making about how many PC units to produce each day, resulting in very significant reductions in PC production and wastage and corresponding cost savings, together with an almost 1 day decrease in the mean age of PCs transfused.
Safety of lumbar punctures in patients with thrombocytopenia
Authors: Ning S. , Kerbel B. , Callum J. , Lin Y. 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundAmerican Association of Blood Banks guidelines recommend a minimum platelet count of 50 × 109/l for LPs (lumbar puncture), but evidence is lacking. The objective of this study was to describe the range of platelet counts at which LPs are performed, and the rate of traumatic taps and haemorrhagic complications in an adult oncology population.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of patients receiving LPs over a 2‐year period was carried out. Bleeding risk factors captured included anticoagulants, antiplatelets, end‐stage renal disease, and other bleeding disorders. Pre‐LP platelet counts were those collected ≤24 h from the time of the LP. Traumatic tap was defined as 500 or more red blood cells per high‐power field in cerebrospinal fluid.ResultsOne hundred and thirty‐five patients underwent 369 LPs. Twenty‐eight (7·6%) LPs were performed at a platelet count ≤ 50 × 109/l; 18 patients received a platelet transfusion prior to the LP, with post‐transfusion count available prior to LP in only one patient. Traumatic taps occurred in 16 of 113 (14·2%) LPs in patients with thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 150 × 109/l) compared to 27 of 242 (11·1%) LPs in patients with a normal platelet count (P = 0·48). The presence of bleeding risk factors did not increase the incidence of traumatic taps. There were no haemorrhagic complications.ConclusionsAmong this cohort of adult oncology patients, there were no haemorrhagic complications. Traumatic taps were not increased in patients with thrombocytopenia. The effects of platelet transfusions were rarely assessed prior to LP. Further studies should be pursued to assess whether platelet count thresholds lower than 50 × 109/l are safe for lumbar puncture.
Nurses' Perspectives on Patient Satisfaction and Expectations: An International Cross‐Sectional Multicenter Study With Implications for Evidence‐Based Practice
Authors: Topaz Maxim , Lisby Marianne , Morrison Constance R.C. , Levtzion‐Korach Osnat , Hockey Peter M. , Salzberg Claudia A. , Efrati Nechama , Lipsitz Stuart , Bates David W. , Rozenblum Ronen 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundAddressing patient expectations is necessary to achieve high satisfaction. However, few data are available on nurses’ perceptions and performance with respect to patient expectations and satisfaction. Objectives: This international multicenter study aimed to: (a) evaluate nurses’ attitudes and performance with respect to patient satisfaction and expectations, and (b) identify predictors of nurses’ inquiry of patients’ satisfaction at the point of discharge.MethodsA questionnaire examining attitudes and performance toward patient satisfaction and expectations was developed and validated. Nurses at four academic hospitals in the United States, the United Kingdom, Israel, and Denmark were surveyed.ResultsA total of 536 nurses participated in the study (response rate 85.3%). Nurses expressed positive attitudes toward activities related to patient satisfaction and expectations, endorsing the importance of talking with patients about their satisfaction status (91.6%) and their expectations (93.2%). More than half of the responders (51.8%) claimed to have responded to the status of patient satisfaction or dissatisfaction (Israel: 25%; United States: 54.9%; United Kingdom: 61.7%; Denmark: 69.9%; p < .001). However, only 12.1% stated that they routinely ask patients about their level of satisfaction, with nurses in the United States (18.3%) and Denmark (17.5%) more likely to ask compared to nurses in the United Kingdom (7.4%) and Israel (6.3%; p = .001). Adjusted logistic regression identified four significant predictors (p < .05) of nurses’ inquiry about patients’ satisfaction: “Responding to patient's satisfaction status” (OR: 3.1; 95% CI: 1.7–5.8); “Documenting patient's satisfaction status” (OR: 2.8; 95% CI: 1.6–5.1); “Asking routinely about expectations” (OR: 5.4; 95% CI: 3–9.7); and “Responded to expectations during the past month” (OR: 4.3; 95% CI: 1.9–9.4).Linking Evidence to ActionThese findings warrant further investigation, potentially into the nurses’ work environments or educational programs, to better understand why nurses’ positive attitudes toward patient satisfaction and expectations do not result in actively asking patients about their satisfaction level and what should be done to improve nurses’ performance. Healthcare organizations and policy makers should develop and support structured programs to address patient expectations and improve patient satisfaction during hospitalization.
The emotional coaching model: quantitative and qualitative research into relationships, communication and decisions in physical and sports rehabilitation
Authors: Respizzi Stefano , Covelli Elisabetta 
Published: February 2016

The emotional coaching model uses quantitative and qualitative elements to demonstrate some assumptions relevant to new methods of treatment in physical rehabilitation, considering emotional, cognitive and behavioral aspects in patients, whether or not they are sportsmen.Through quantitative tools (Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale, Emotional Interview Test, Previous Re-Injury Test, and reports on test scores) and qualitative tools (training contracts and relationships of emotional alliance or “contagion”), we investigate initial assumptions regarding: the presence of a cognitive and emotional mental state of impasse in patients at the beginning of the rehabilitation pathway; the curative value of the emotional alliance or “emotional contagion” relationship between healthcare provider and patient; the link between the patient’s pathology and type of contact with his own body and emotions; analysis of the psychosocial variables for the prediction of possible cases of re-injury for patients who have undergone or are afraid to undergo reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL).Although this approach is still in the experimental stage, the scores of the administered tests show the possibility of integrating quantitative and qualitative tools to investigate and develop a patient’s physical, mental and emotional resources during the course of his rehabilitation. Furthermore, it seems possible to identify many elements characterizing patients likely to undergo episodes of re-injury or to withdraw totally from sporting activity. In particular, such patients are competitive athletes, who fear or have previously undergone ACL reconstruction.The theories referred to (the transactional analysis theory, self-determination theory) and the tools used demonstrate the usefulness of continuing this research in order to build a shared coaching model treatment aimed at all patients, sportspeople or otherwise, which is not only physical but also emotional, cognitive and behavioral.
Nonlocal atlas‐guided multi‐channel forest learning for human brain labeling
Authors: Ma Guangkai , Gao Yaozong , Wu Guorong , Wu Ligang , Shen Dinggang 
Published: February 2016

Purpose:It is important for many quantitative brain studies to label meaningful anatomical regions in MR brain images. However, due to high complexity of brain structures and ambiguous boundaries between different anatomical regions, the anatomical labeling of MR brain images is still quite a challenging task. In many existing label fusion methods, appearance information is widely used. However, since local anatomy in the human brain is often complex, the appearance information alone is limited in characterizing each image point, especially for identifying the same anatomical structure across different subjects. Recent progress in computer vision suggests that the context features can be very useful in identifying an object from a complex scene. In light of this, the authors propose a novel learning‐based label fusion method by using both low‐level appearance features (computed from the target image) and high‐level context features (computed from warped atlases or tentative labeling maps of the target image).Methods:In particular, the authors employ a multi‐channel random forest to learn the nonlinear relationship between these hybrid features and target labels (i.e., corresponding to certain anatomical structures). Specifically, at each of the iterations, the random forest will output tentative labeling maps of the target image, from which the authors compute spatial label context features and then use in combination with original appearance features of the target image to refine the labeling. Moreover, to accommodate the high inter‐subject variations, the authors further extend their learning‐based label fusion to a multi‐atlas scenario, i.e., they train a random forest for each atlas and then obtain the final labeling result according to the consensus of results from all atlases.Results:The authors have comprehensively evaluated their method on both public LONI_LBPA40 and IXI datasets. To quantitatively evaluate the labeling accuracy, the authors use the dice similarity coefficient to measure the overlap degree. Their method achieves average overlaps of 82.56% on 54 regions of interest (ROIs) and 79.78% on 80 ROIs, respectively, which significantly outperform the baseline method (random forests), with the average overlaps of 72.48% on 54 ROIs and 72.09% on 80 ROIs, respectively.Conclusions:The proposed methods have achieved the highest labeling accuracy, compared to several state‐of‐the‐art methods in the literature.
Doravirine Suppresses Common Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor-Associated Mutants at Clinically Relevant Concentrations
Authors: Feng Meizhen , Sachs Nancy A. , Xu Min , Grobler Jay , Blair Wade , Hazuda Daria J. , Miller Michael D. , Lai Ming-Tain 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Doravirine (DOR), which is currently in a phase 3 clinical trial, is a novel human immunodeficiency type 1 virus (HIV-1) nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). DOR exhibits potent antiviral activity against wild-type virus and K103N, Y181C, and K103N/Y181C mutant viruses, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC
50
s) of 12, 21, 31, and 33 nM, respectively, when measured in 100% normal human serum (NHS). To assess the potential for DOR to suppress NNRTI-associated and rilpivirine (RPV)-specific mutants at concentrations achieved in the clinic setting, inhibitory quotients (IQs) were calculated by determining the ratio of the clinical trough concentration over the antiviral IC
50
for each virus with DOR and RPV and efavirenz (EFV). DOR displayed IQs of 39, 27, and 25 against the K103N, Y181C, and K103N/Y181C mutants, respectively. In contrast, RPV exhibited IQs of 4.6, 1.4, and 0.8, and EFV showed IQs of 2.5, 60, and 1.9 against these viruses, respectively. DOR also displayed higher IQs than those of RPV and EFV against other prevalent NNRTI-associated mutants, with the exception of Y188L. Both DOR and EFV exhibited higher IQs than RPV when analyzed with RPV-associated mutants. Resistance selections were conducted with K103N, Y181C, G190A, and K103N/Y181C mutants at clinically relevant concentrations of DOR, RPV, and EFV. No viral breakthrough was observed with DOR, whereas breakthrough viruses were readily detected with RPV and EFV against Y181C and K103N viruses, respectively. These data suggest that DOR should impose a higher barrier to the development of resistance than RPV and EFV at the concentrations achieved in the clinic setting.
Contribution of Gag and Protease to HIV-1 Phenotypic Drug Resistance in Pediatric Patients Failing Protease Inhibitor-Based Therapy
Authors: Giandhari Jennifer , Basson Adriaan E. , Sutherland Katherine , Parry Chris M. , Cane Patricia A. , Coovadia Ashraf , Kuhn Louise , Hunt Gillian , Morris Lynn 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTProtease inhibitors (PIs) are used as a first-line regimen in HIV-1-infected children. Here we investigated the phenotypic consequences of amino acid changes in Gag and protease on lopinavir (LPV) and ritonavir (RTV) susceptibility among pediatric patients failing PI therapy. The Gag-protease from isolates from 20 HIV-1 subtype C-infected pediatric patients failing an LPV and/or RTV-based regimen was phenotyped using a nonreplicativein vitroassay. Changes in sensitivity to LPV and RTV relative to that of the matched baseline (pretherapy) sample were calculated. Gag and protease amino acid substitutions associated with PI failure were created in a reference clone by site-directed mutagenesis and assessed. Predicted phenotypes were determined using the Stanford drug resistance algorithm. Phenotypic resistance or reduced susceptibility to RTV and/or LPV was observed in isolates from 10 (50%) patients, all of whom had been treated with RTV. In most cases, this was associated with protease resistance mutations, but substitutions at Gag cleavage and noncleavage sites were also detected. Gag amino acid substitutions were also found in isolates from three patients with reduced drug susceptibilities who had wild-type protease. Site-directed mutagenesis confirmed that some amino acid changes in Gag contributed to PI resistance but only in the presence of major protease resistance-associated substitutions. The isolates from all patients who received LPV exclusively were phenotypically susceptible. Baseline isolates from the 20 patients showed a large (47-fold) range in the 50% effective concentration of LPV, which accounted for most of the discordance seen between the experimentally determined and the predicted phenotypes. Overall, the inclusion of thegaggene and the use of matched baseline samples provided a more comprehensive assessment of the effect of PI-induced amino acid changes on PI resistance. The lack of phenotypic resistance to LPV supports the continued use of this drug in pediatric patients.
Comparison of RELMα and RELMβ Single- and Double-Gene-Deficient Mice Reveals that RELMα Expression Dictates Inflammation and Worm Expulsion in Hookworm Infection
Authors: Chen Gang , Wang Spencer H. , Jang Jessica C. , Odegaard Justin I. , Nair Meera G. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Resistin-like molecules (RELMs) are highly expressed following helminth infection, where they impact both the host and helminth. While RELMα (
Retnla
) impairs helminth expulsion by inhibiting protective Th2 immunity, RELMβ (
Retnlb
) can promote its expulsion. We employed
Retnla
−/−
and
Retnlb
−/−
mice to delineate the function of both proteins following infection with
Nippostrongylus brasiliensis
, a hookworm that infects the lung and intestine. Whereas wild-type (WT) and
Retnlb
−/−
mice exhibited equivalent infection-induced inflammation,
Retnla
−/−
mice suffered a heightened inflammatory response, including increased mortality, weight loss, and lung inflammation. In the intestine,
Retnla
−/−
mice had low parasite egg burdens compared to those of WT mice, while
Retnlb
−/−
mice exhibited high egg burdens, suggesting that RELMα and RELMβ have functionally distinct effects on immunity and inflammation to
N. brasiliensis
. To test the importance of both proteins, we generated
Retnla
−/−
Retnlb
−/−
mice. Infected
Retnla
−/−
Retnlb
−/−
mice exhibited similar responses to
Retnla
−/−
mice, including increased mortality and lung inflammation. This inflammatory response in
Retnla
−/−
Retnlb
−/−
mice negatively impacted
N. brasiliensis
fitness, as demonstrated by significantly lower worm ATP levels and decreased intestinal worm burden and fecundity. Lung cytokine analysis revealed that
Retnla
−/−
and
Retnla
−/−
Retnlb
−/−
mice expressed significantly increased levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4). Finally, we generated
Retnla
−/−
mice on the
Rag
−/−
background and observed that the effects of RELMα were abrogated in the absence of adaptive immunity. Together, these data demonstrate that RELMα but not RELMβ significantly impacts the immune response to
N. brasiliensis
infection by downregulating the Th2 adaptive immune response in the lung, which protects the host but allows improved parasite fitness.