bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unexpected Fe‐enriched compounds observed in Mg–Ce alloy: An atomic‐scale STEM investigation
Authors: Zheng Jingxu , Chen Bin 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThis paper investigates into the unexpected nanosize Fe‐enriched particles with defects incorporated, using EDS under STEM mode and atomic‐resolution HAADF. The particle that locates between eutectic Mg12Ce phase and α‐Mg phase is identified as CeFe2Si2 compound. Two types of defects are incorporated: Type‐I defect is Ce‐Si in a simple cubic lattice; Type‐II defect is Ce in a FCC lattice. The interface between the defect‐free CeFe2Si2 and the defects is fully coherent. In addition, another two Ce/Fe/Si‐enriched particles are observed, proving that the enrichment of Ce, Fe, and Si is not an accidental phenomenon. The observed formation of Ce/Fe/Si‐enriched particles provides a possible explanation for the improvement in corrosion resistance and the purification effect induced by addition of rare earth elements into alloys. In addition, the present study demonstrates an advanced application of Cs‐corrected HAADF by successfully directly imaging the dislocation and complex defects incorporated in the compound and by achieving a one‐angstrom resolution. SCANNING 38:783–791, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rh Nanoparticle Anchoring on Metal Phosphates: Fundamental Aspects and Practical Impacts on Catalysis
Authors: Machida Masato 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMetal phosphates stabilize Rh nanoparticles on their surface via Rh–O–P bonds, in contrast to the Rh–O–M bonds formed on metal oxides (MOx). The local structure, electronic structure, and redox properties of Rh nanoparticles anchored on metal phosphates, and their practical impacts on catalysis, are reviewed based on recent publications from the author's research group. Because of the covalency of the Rh–O–P bond, Rh oxide is readily reduced to metallic Rh having a higher catalytic activity, whereas Rh oxide on metal oxide supports is more difficult to reduce with an increase of the anchoring strength. Furthermore, Rh metal shows a higher tolerance to reoxidation when supported on metal phosphates because the Rh–O–P bond is preserved under reducing atmospheres. The electron deficiency of Rh metal is another feature that affects its catalytic properties, and the extent of the electron deficiency can be tuned by replacing the metal in the metal phosphate with one of higher basicity. Further impacts on practical performance (thermal stability, poisoning stability, and lean NOx purification) in automobile catalyst applications are also described.
Enhancing student explanations of evolution: Comparing elaborating and competing theory prompts
Authors: Donnelly Dermot F. , Namdar Bahadir , Vitale Jonathan M. , Lai Kevin , Linn Marcia C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this study, we explore how two different prompt types within an online computer‐based inquiry learning environment enhance 392 7th grade students’ explanations of evolution with three teachers. In the elaborating prompt condition, students are prompted to write explanations that support the accepted theory of evolution. In the competing prompt condition, students are prompted to write explanations that differentiate two views of evolution associated with Darwin and Lamarck. Data sources included a pretest and posttest, an embedded item, observations, logged teacher guidance, and teacher interviews. Findings show similar pretest to posttest gains in students’ understanding of evolution for both conditions, but this pattern was not uniform across all three teachers. For one teacher, students who received competing theory prompts produced significantly higher gains than those who received elaborating theory prompts. A closer look at embedded student work reveals a higher degree of teacher participation (i.e., grading and guidance) than for the other teachers. Our findings illustrate how helping students distinguish between competing scientific claims can support learning in an inquiry unit, but may require a higher degree of teacher participation and reinforcement. We discuss the implications of these findings for enhancing students’ scientific explanations. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 53: 1341–1363, 2016
Orthopedic Activity in Field Hospitals Following Earthquakes in Nepal and Haiti
Authors: Bar‐On Elhanan , Blumberg Nehemia , Joshi Amit , Gam Arnon , Peyser Amos , Lee Evgeny , Kashichawa Shree Krishna , Morose Alexander , Schein Ophir , Lehavi Amit , Kreiss Yitshak , Bader Tarif 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundField hospitals have been deployed by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Medical Corps in numerous disaster events. Two recent deployments were following earthquakes in Haiti in 2010 and in Nepal in 2015. Despite arrival in similar timetables, the mode of operation was different—independently in Haiti and in collaboration with a local hospital in Nepal. The pathology encountered in the two hospitals and the resultant treatment requirements were significantly different between the two events. The purpose of this study was to analyze these differences and their implications for preparation and planning of future deployments.
MethodsData were obtained from IDF records and analyzed using SPSS™ software.Results1686 patients were treated in Nepal versus 1111 in Haiti. The caseload in Nepal included significantly less earthquake‐related injuries (26 vs. 66 %) with 28 % of them sustaining fractures versus 47 % in Haiti. Femoral fractures accounted for 7.9 % of fractures in Nepal versus 26.4 % in Haiti with foot fractures accounting for 23.8 and 6.4 %, respectively. The rate of open fracture was similar at 29.4 % in Nepal and 27.5 % in Haiti. 18.1 % of injured patients in Nepal underwent surgery, and 32.9 % of which was skeletal compared to 32 % surgical cases (58.8 % skeletal) in Haiti. 74.2 % of patients in Nepal and 34.3 % in Haiti were treated for pathology unrelated to the earthquake.ConclusionsThe reasons for the variability in activities between the two hospitals include the magnitude of the disaster, the functionality of the local medical system which was relatively preserved in Nepal and destroyed in Haiti and the mode of operation which was independent in Haiti and collaborative with a functioning local hospital in Nepal. Emergency medical teams (EMTs) may encounter variable caseloads despite similar disaster scenarios. Advance knowledge of the magnitude of the disaster, the functionality of the local medical system, and the collaborative possibilities will help in planning and preparing EMTs to function optimally and appropriately. However, as this information will often be unavailable, EMTs should be capable to adapt to unexpected conditions.
Significant Improvement in Outcomes of Patients with Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma after Surgery
Authors: Yoh Tomoaki , Hatano Etsuro , Nishio Takahiro , Seo Satoru , Taura Kojiro , Yasuchika Kentaro , Okajima Hideaki , Kaido Toshimi , Uemoto Shinji 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe prognosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) remains poor despite improvements in treatment and post‐operative clinical management. We review our experiences and evaluate our current surgical approaches by comparing patients from two consecutive treatment periods.MethodsOne hundred forty‐four patients who underwent hepatectomy for ICC between 1993 and 2014 were divided into groups that received treatment before (n = 65, first period) and after 2006 (n = 79, second period), when new treatment options such as adjuvant chemotherapy and multimodal therapy for recurrence were introduced. Clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes were compared between the groups.ResultsFirst‐period patients exhibited more advanced tumor characteristics, including larger tumors, higher serum carbohydrate antigen 19–9 levels, and vascular invasion. Median overall survival (OS) durations of the first‐ and second‐period groups were 21.4 and 57.7 months, respectively (p < 0.001); corresponding median disease‐free survival (DFS) durations were 12.2 and 16.6 months, respectively (p = 0.027). Multivariate analysis found an independent association of the treatment time period with OS and DFS. Notably, second‐period patients with N1 disease achieved a longer OS and DFS (median OS time: 12.4 and 26.0 months, p = 0.0018, and median DFS: 4.7 and 10.7 months p = 0.019, respectively). Among recurrent patients (first, n = 50 and second, n = 44), second‐period patients had a significantly longer survival after recurrence (8.0 vs. 22.3 months, p < 0.001).ConclusionICC patients, particularly those with N1 disease, achieved significant survival improvements that were partly attributable to patient selection, adjuvant chemotherapy, and multimodal treatment after recurrence.
Maternal Flaxseed Oil During Lactation Enhances Bone Development in Male Rat Pups
Authors: Pereira Aline D'Avila , Ribeiro Danielle Cavalcante , de Santana Fernanda Carvalho , de Sousa dos Santos Aline , Mancini‐Filho Jorge , do Nascimento‐Saba Celly Cristina Alves , Velarde Luis Guillermo Coca , da Costa Carlos Alberto Soares , Boaventura Gilson Teles 
Published: June 2016

AbstractFlaxseed oil is an alpha linolenic acid source important in the growth and body development stage; furthermore, this acid acts on adipose tissue and bone health. The aim of this study was to evaluate body composition, fatty acid composition, hormone profile, retroperitoneal adipocyte area and femur structure of pups at weaning, whose mothers were fed a diet containing flaxseed oil during lactation. After birth, pups were randomly assigned: control (C, n = 12) and flaxseed oil (FO, n = 12), rats whose mothers were treated with diet containing soybean or flaxseed oil. At 21 days, the pups were weaned and body mass, length, body composition, biochemical parameter, leptin, osteoprotegerin, osteocalcin, fatty acids composition, intra‐abdominal fat mass and femur structure were analyzed. FO showed (p < 0.05): higher body mass (+12 %) and length (+9 %); body fat mass (g, +45 %); bone mineral density (+8 %), bone mineral content (+55 %) and bone area (+35 %), osteocalcin (+173 %) and osteoprotegerin (+183 %). Arachidonic acid was lower (p < 0.0001), alpha‐linolenic and eicosapentaenoic were higher (p < 0.0001). Intra‐abdominal fat mass was higher (+25 %), however, the retroperitoneal adipocytes area was lower (−44 %). Femur mass (+10 %), distance between epiphyses (+4 %) and bone mineral density (+13 %) were higher. The study demonstrates that adequate flaxseed oil content during a lactation diet plays an important role in the development of pups.
Impact of Microwave Assisted Infusion on the Quality and Volatile Composition of Olive Oil Aromatized with Rosemary Leaves
Authors: Benmoussa Hasnia , Elfalleh Walid , Farhat Asma , Servili Maurizio , Algabr Methaq , Romdhane Mehrez 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOlive oil with rosemary leaves by microwave assisted infusion (MAI) as an alternative to conventional infusion (CI) was evaluated. Microwave heating was applied to the mixture in order to accelerate diffusion of the rosemary volatile compounds into the olive oil. The volatile components of the aromatized oils were quantified by HS‐SPME/GC–MS, as well as several quality indexes such as free fatty acids (FFA), peroxide value (PV), specific coefficients of extinction, chlorophyll and carotenoid content, and color assessment. Fatty acid profiles of the oils aromatized by MAI were compared to those produced by CI. Results showed that the infusion time is reduced from 12 h to 10 min when utilizing MAI in place of CI. MAI treatment caused a slight increase in FFA levels, and specific extinction coefficient indices (K232 and K270). PV during MAI remained unchanged for the first 3 min, after which there was an observable increase. All physico‐chemical values were found to be well below the maximum permitted limits. The MAI treatment reduced chlorophyll and carotenoid levels during the final step of aromatization, thus affecting final color. The MAI aromatized oil was characterized by its clear green color (L*, a*, b* parameters). Fatty acid analysis showed that MAI slightly changed the fatty acid composition of the olive oil. This study indicates that MAI appears to be a viable and rapid method to flavor olive oil with rosemary leaves.
P034: Réanimation cardio-pulmonaire sans période de “no-flow”: un nouveau dispositif
Authors: Deslandes J. 
Published: June 2016

Introduction: La b-card (Boussignac Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation Device) est un dispositif permettant d'assurer une oxygénation passive continue lors des manoeuvres de compressions/décompressions réalisées dans le cadre d'un arrêt cardiaque. Ce dispositif fonctionne par création d'une valve virtuelle induite par l'accélération d'un débit d'oxygéne via des micro-canalicules. Cette valve est censée s'opposer aux flux de gaz entrant et sortant de la cage thoracique lors des compressions/décompressions. Elle permettrait d'obtenir une pression positive intra thoracique lors des compressions, et une pression intra thoracique négative lors des décompressions. L'expérimentation conduite a pour but de mesurer la pression statique créée dans le dispositif par le débit d'oxygène, ainsi que les valeurs de pressions et de flux générés en intra thoracique. Methods: La b-card est almimentée par un débit d'oxygène de 15 L/min, et connectée via différentes interfaces à un poumon test pourvu de capteurs:-Capteur de pression des voies aériennes (PAW en cm H2O).-Capteur de débit au niveau des voies aériennes.-Capteur de pression “intra thoracique” (PIT max et min; et Pression Expiratoire Intra Thoracique).Les mesures sonrt effectuées sans b-card, puis avec b-card connectée à un masque facial, un masque laryngé, une sonde trachéale.Results: La pression “statique”, celle de la valve virtuelle, mesurée au niveau de la b-card reste stable à 6 cm d'H2O, sous un débit de 15 L/min. Elle permet une résistance à hauteur de cette valeur aux flux de gaz entrant ou sortant du thorax expérimental en fonction des compressions/décompressions. Les pressions intra thoraciques positives mesurées lors des compressions restent équivalentes autour de 25 à 30 cm H2O, et ce quelle que soit l'interface utilisée. Les pressions intra thoraciques négatives mesurées lors des décompressions restent équivalentes autour de 10 à 15 cm d'H2O, et ce quelle que soit l'interface utilisée. Conclusion: Les pressions intra thoraciques obtenues en associant une oxygénation passive par la b-card à des compressions/décompressions continues permettent d'assurer une ventilation efficace et synchrone. Les pressions mesurées au niveau du dispositif sont constamment inférieures à la pression d'ouverture moyenne oesophagienne, ce qui éviterait toute insufflation gastrique.
An Imperial Image: The Bath Gorgon in Context
Authors: Cousins Eleri H. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper attempts to put the Gorgon from the pediment of the Temple of Sulis Minerva at Bath into a wider provincial context, by arguing for links between the Gorgon and first- and early second-century imitations in Gaul and Spain of the iconography of the Forum of Augustus in Rome. These imitations, part of what might be called a ‘visual language of empire’, served to connect the urban spaces of the provinces to Rome; by linking the Gorgon to this trend and setting aside interpretations of the Gorgon which have focused on his perceived status as a ‘Romano-Celtic’ masterpiece, we can justify more satisfactorily his position as the centrepiece of a pediment dominated by imperial imagery.
Clinical and immunological analysis of measles patients admitted to a Beijing hospital in 2014 during an outbreak in China
Authors: TU B. , ZHAO J.-J. , HU Y. , FU J.-L. , HUANG H-H. , XIE Y.-X. , ZHANG X. , SHI L. , ZHAO P. , ZHANG X.-W. , WU D. , XU Z. , ZHOU Z.-P. , QIN E.-Q. , WANG F.-S. 
Published: June 2016

SUMMARYAt the end of 2013, China reported a countrywide outbreak of measles. From January to May 2014, we investigated the clinical and immunological features of the cases of the outbreak admitted to our hospital. In this study, all 112 inpatients with clinically diagnosed measles were recruited from the 302 Military Hospital of China. The virus was isolated from throat swabs from these patients, and cytokine profiles were examined. By detecting the measles virus of 30 of the 112 patients, we found that this measles outbreak was of the H1 genotype, which is the major strain in China. The rates of complications, specifically pneumonia and liver injury, differed significantly in patients aged <8 months, 8 months to 18 years, and >18 years: pneumonia was more common in children, while liver injury was more common in adults. Pneumonia was a significant independent risk factor affecting measles duration. Compared to healthy subjects, measles patients had fewer CD4+IL-17+, CD4+IFN-γ+, and CD8+IFN-γ+ cells in both the acute and recovery phases. In contrast, measles patients in the acute phase had more CD8+IL-22+ cells than those in recovery or healthy subjects. We recommend that future studies focus on the age-related distribution of pneumonia and liver injury as measles-related complications as well as the association between immunological markers and measles prognosis.
Synergetic electrode architecture for efficient graphene-based flexible organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Lee Jaeho , Han Tae-Hee , Park Min-Ho , Jung Dae Yool , Seo Jeongmin , Seo Hong-Kyu , Cho Hyunsu , Kim Eunhye , Chung Jin , Choi Sung-Yool , Kim Taek-Soo , Lee Tae-Woo , Yoo Seunghyup 
Published: June 2016

AbstractGraphene-based organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have recently emerged as a key element essential in next-generation displays and lighting, mainly due to their promise for highly flexible light sources. However, their efficiency has been, at best, similar to that of conventional, indium tin oxide-based counterparts. We here propose an ideal electrode structure based on a synergetic interplay of high-index TiO2 layers and low-index hole-injection layers sandwiching graphene electrodes, which results in an ideal situation where enhancement by cavity resonance is maximized yet loss to surface plasmon polariton is mitigated. The proposed approach leads to OLEDs exhibiting ultrahigh external quantum efficiency of 40.8 and 62.1% (64.7 and 103% with a half-ball lens) for single- and multi-junction devices, respectively. The OLEDs made on plastics with those electrodes are repeatedly bendable at a radius of 2.3 mm, partly due to the TiO2 layers withstanding flexural strain up to 4% via crack-deflection toughening.
Active diffusion and microtubule-based transport oppose myosin forces to position organelles in cells
Authors: Lin Congping , Schuster Martin , Guimaraes Sofia Cunha , Ashwin Peter , Schrader Michael , Metz Jeremy , Hacker Christian , Gurr Sarah Jane , Steinberg Gero 
Published: June 2016

AbstractEven distribution of peroxisomes (POs) and lipid droplets (LDs) is critical to their role in lipid and reactive oxygen species homeostasis. How even distribution is achieved remains elusive, but diffusive motion and directed motility may play a role. Here we show that in the fungus Ustilago maydis ∼95% of POs and LDs undergo diffusive motions. These movements require ATP and involve bidirectional early endosome motility, indicating that microtubule-associated membrane trafficking enhances diffusion of organelles. When early endosome transport is abolished, POs and LDs drift slowly towards the growing cell end. This pole-ward drift is facilitated by anterograde delivery of secretory cargo to the cell tip by myosin-5. Modelling reveals that microtubule-based directed transport and active diffusion support distribution, mobility and mixing of POs. In mammalian COS-7 cells, microtubules and F-actin also counteract each other to distribute POs. This highlights the importance of opposing cytoskeletal forces in organelle positioning in eukaryotes.
Identification of Changes in Gene expression of rats after Sensory and Motor Nerves Injury
Authors: Wang Yu , Guo Zhi-Yuan , Sun Xun , Lu Shi-bi , Xu Wen-Jing , Zhao Qing , Peng Jiang 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWallerian degeneration is a sequence of events in the distal stump of axotomized nerves. Despite large numbers of researches concentrating on WD, the biological mechanism still remains unclear. Hence we constructed a rat model with both motor and sensory nerves injury and then conducted a RNA-seq analysis. Here the rats were divided into the 4 following groups: normal motor nerves (NMN), injured motor nerves (IMN), normal sensory nerves (NSN) and injured sensory nerves (ISN). The transcriptomes of rats were sequenced by the Illumina HiSeq. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of 4 combinations including NMN vs. IMN, NSN vs. ISN, NMN vs. NSN and IMN vs. ISN were identified respectively. For the above 4 combinations, we identified 1666, 1514, 95 and 17 DEGs. We found that NMN vs. IMN shared the most common genes with NSN vs. ISN indicating common mechanisms between motor nerves injury and sensory nerves injury. At last, we performed an enrichment analysis and observed that the DEGs of NMN vs IMN and NSN vs. ISN were significantly associated with binding and activity, immune response, biosynthesis, metabolism and development. We hope our study may shed light on the molecular mechanisms of nerves degeneration and regeneration during WD.
Bone scaffolds loaded with siRNA-Semaphorin4d for the treatment of osteoporosis related bone defects
Authors: Zhang Yufeng , Wei Lingfei , Miron Richard J. , Shi Bin , Bian Zhuan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOsteoporosis is a prominent disorder affecting over 200 million people worldwide. Recently, semaphorins have been implicated in the cell-cell communication between osteoclasts and osteoblasts and have been associated with the progression of osteoporosis. Previously, we demonstrated that knockdown of semaphorin4d (Sema4d) using siRNA delivered with a bone-targeting system prevented bone loss in an osteoporotic animal model. Here, we used this bone-specific technology containing siRNA-Sema4d and fabricated a PLLA scaffold capable of enhancing bone repair following fracture. We investigated the ability of the implant to release siRNA-Sema4d into the surrounding tissues over time and to influence new bone formation in a 3 mm femur osteoporotic defect model in ovariectomized rats. Delivery of the bone-targeting system released from PLLA scaffolds began 2 hours post-implantation, peaked at 1 day and was sustained over a 21 day period. μCT analysis demonstrated a significantly higher bone volume/total volume bone mineral density and number of osteoblasts in the rats that were transplanted with scaffolds loaded with siRNA-Sema4d. These results confirm the specific role of Sema4d in bone remodeling and demonstrate that significant increases in the speed and quality of new bone formation occur when siRNA-Sema4d is delivered via a PLLA scaffold.