bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Ordovician island‐arc‐type Manite granodiorite pluton from the Buqingshan Tectonic Mélange Belt in the southern margin of the East Kunlun Orogen: constraints on subduction of the Proto‐Tethyan Ocean
Authors: Li Zuochen , Pei Xianzhi , Li Ruibao , Pei Lei , Liu Chengjun , Chen Youxin , Zhang Yongming , Wang Meng , Xu Tong 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe Buqingshan Tectonic Mélange Belt in the south margin of the East Kunlun Orogen, located in west section of Buqingshan–A'nyemaqen Suture Zone, is one of the key areas to understand continental tectonics and continental dynamics of China. This paper reports zircon U–Pb dating results and geochemistry of the Manite granodiorite (rock mass) in the Buqingshan Tectonic Mélange Belt. Zircons from the granodiorite show oscillatory zoning structures and relatively high Th/U ratios, indicating that they are magmatic zircons. Zircon LA–ICP–MS U–Pb dating for the Manite granodiorite yields ages of 487 ± 11 Ma (MSWD = 2.3) and 479 ± 2 Ma (MSWD = 0.56), implying that the Manite granodiorite were formed in the Late Cambrian to Early Ordovician. Geochemical analyses show that the rocks have high contents of SiO2 (66.06 wt.%–68.60 wt.%) and Al2O3 (14.84 wt.%–16.54 wt.%), and low alkaline (6.17 wt.%–7.43 wt.%), belonging to the middle‐K calc‐alkaline series. The A/CNK (Al2O3/(CaO + Na2O + K2O)) ratios are 1.02–1.15, indicating that the granodiorite is weakly peraluminous. The contents of rare earth elements (REEs) are lower (89.64–130.41 ppm), with weakly negative to weakly positive Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.83–1.12). The primitive mantle‐normalized trace elements are characterized by evidently negative anomalies of Nb, Ta, P, Hf, Ti, etc., and positive anomalies of Th, La, Nd, Zr, Eu, etc. Moreover, the rocks show features of typical I‐type granite. This leads us to conclude that the Manite granodiorites is derived from the partial melting of crust and formed in an island‐arc environment. Combined with previous studies, we believe that the subduction of the Proto‐Tethyan Ocean in the Buqingshan area was ongoing during 487 to 479 Ma and formed island‐arc‐type granites represented by the Late Cambrian to Early Ordovician Manite granodiorite. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crustal thickness anomalies in the Indian Ocean inferred from gravity analysis
Authors: Suo Yanhui , Li Sanzhong , Li Xiyao , Guo Lingli , Wang Yongming 
Published: March 2016

AbstractOceanic crustal thickness is a critical parameter for understanding the magmatic, tectonic and hydrothermal processes at mid‐ocean ridges. Gravity anomalies can be mapped across the oceans through satellite altimetry, and these data hold valuable information about the nature and spatial variation of oceanic crust. Residual mantle Bouguer anomaly (RMBA) reflects variations in crustal thickness and crustal and mantle densities. It was simply treated as an upper mantle gravity component and a crustal gravity component in our model of a lithospheric depth. The upper mantle gravity component results from variations in mantle temperature, mantle porosity and mantle depletion due to partial melting initiating at depths of 80–100 km. The crustal gravity component results from variations in crustal thickness. RMBA contributed by mantle temperature variation of 200 K, mantle depletion of 5% and mantle porosity of 5% are 46, 16 and 21 mGal, respectively. Upper mantle gravity variations do not exceed 46 mGal, and variations in oceanic crustal thickness or deeper mantle effects have to be considered for areas with RMBA variations greater than 46 mGal. Assuming a standard RMBA of a reference crust is 0 mGal, we partitioned the RMBA in the Indian Ocean into three categories: ‘negative’ (less than −46 mGal), ‘normal’ (between −46 and 46 mGal) and ‘positive’ (>46 mGal), corresponding to thick, normal and thin oceanic crust, respectively. Thick oceanic crustal anomalies are associated with hotspots or plumes and are distributed along hotspot tracks. Prominent thin oceanic crustal anomalies are observed along fracture zones, around Rodriguez Triple Junction (RTJ) and Australian‐Antarctic Discordance (AAD). Besides the possible effects of fracture zones, oceanic core complex or some other enigmatic deep mantle factors must be responsible for the positive gravity anomalies and crustal thinning. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insights into plant water uptake from xylem‐water isotope measurements in two tropical catchments with contrasting moisture conditions
Authors: Evaristo Jaivime , McDonnell Jeffrey J. , Scholl Martha A. , Bruijnzeel L. Adrian , Chun Kwok P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWater transpired by trees has long been assumed to be sourced from the same subsurface water stocks that contribute to groundwater recharge and streamflow. However, recent investigations using dual water stable isotopes have shown an apparent ecohydrological separation between tree‐transpired water and stream water. Here we present evidence for such ecohydrological separation in two tropical environments in Puerto Rico where precipitation seasonality is relatively low and where precipitation is positively correlated with primary productivity. We determined the stable isotope signature of xylem water of 30 mahogany (Swietenia spp.) trees sampled during two periods with contrasting moisture status. Our results suggest that the separation between transpiration water and groundwater recharge/streamflow water might be related less to the temporal phasing of hydrologic inputs and primary productivity, and more to the fundamental processes that drive evaporative isotopic enrichment of residual soil water within the soil matrix. The lack of an evaporative signature of both groundwater and streams in the study area suggests that these water balance components have a water source that is transported quickly to deeper subsurface storage compared to waters that trees use. A Bayesian mixing model used to partition source water proportions of xylem water showed that groundwater contribution was greater for valley‐bottom, riparian trees than for ridge‐top trees. Groundwater contribution was also greater at the xeric site than at the mesic–hydric site. These model results (1) underline the utility of a simple linear mixing model, implemented in a Bayesian inference framework, in quantifying source water contributions at sites with contrasting physiographic characteristics, and (2) highlight the informed judgement that should be made in interpreting mixing model results, of import particularly in surveying groundwater use patterns by vegetation from regional to global scales. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Targeting VEGF and Its Receptors for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis and Associated Pain
Authors: Hamilton John L , Nagao Masashi , Levine Brett R , Chen Di , Olsen Bjorn R , Im Hee-Jeong 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels are associated with osteoarthritis (OA) progression. Indeed, VEGF appears to be involved in OA-specific pathologies including cartilage degeneration, osteophyte formation, subchondral bone cysts and sclerosis, synovitis, and pain. Moreover, a wide range of studies suggest that inhibition of VEGF signaling reduces OA progression. This review highlights both the potential significance of VEGF in OA pathology and pain, as well as potential benefits of inhibition of VEGF and its receptors as an OA treatment. With the emergence of the clinical use of anti-VEGF therapy outside of OA, both as high-dose systemic treatments and low-dose local treatments, these particular therapies are now more widely understood. Currently, there is no established disease-modifying drug available for patients with OA, which warrants continued study of the inhibition of VEGF signaling in OA, as stand-alone or adjuvant therapy. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Characterization of Fatty Acid Composition in Bone Marrow Fluid From Postmenopausal Women: Modification After Hip Fracture
Authors: Miranda Melissa , Pino Ana María , Fuenzalida Karen , Rosen Clifford J. , Seitz Germán , Rodríguez J. Pablo 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTBone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) is associated with low bone mass, although the functional consequences for skeletal maintenance of increased BMAT are currently unclear. BMAT might have a role in systemic energy metabolism, and could be an energy source as well as an endocrine organ for neighboring bone cells, releasing cytokines, adipokines and free fatty acids into the bone marrow microenvironment. The aim of the present report was to compare the fatty acid composition in the bone marrow supernatant fluid (BMSF) and blood plasma of postmenopausal women women (65–80 years old). BMSF was obtained after spinning the aspirated bone marrow samples; donors were classified as control, osteopenic or osteoporotic after dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Total lipids from human bone marrow fluid and plasma were extracted, converted to the corresponding methyl esters, and finally analyzed by a gas chromatographer coupled with a mass spectrometer. Results showed that fatty acid composition in BMSF was dynamic and distinct from blood plasma, implying significance in the locally produced lipids. The fatty acid composition in the BMSF was enriched in saturated fatty acid and decreased in unsaturated fatty acids as compared to blood plasma, but this relationship switched in women who suffered a hip fracture. On the other hand, there was no relationship between BMSF and bone mineral density. In conclusion, lipid composition of BMSF is distinct from the circulatory compartment, most likely reflecting the energy needs of the marrow compartment. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2370–2376, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Study of Aminoglycoside Usage in a Hong Kong Hospital
Authors: Hung Chung Wing , Law Kenneth KM , Li Ronald C , Sze Raymond YH , Raymond Kenneth 
Published: March 2016

Aim: To examine therapeutic drug monitoring of aminoglycosides in a Hong Kong hospital and to evaluate whether improvements can be made on the current practice.Method: Medical records of adult inpatients receiving aminoglycosides in seven randomly selected medical wards were reviewed daily over a six‐week period.Results: Fifty‐eight patients were identified. The methods of administration of aminoglycosides varied widely amongst the wards. Therapeutic drug monitoring appeared to be inadequate since only 16 patients received some conventional monitoring. Most of the aminoglycoside concentrations (25/35) could not be interpreted due to the absence of documentation of sampling time and/or method of drug administration.Conclusion: Therapeutic drug monitoring of aminoglycosides in this study was inadequate. Absence of documented sampling time or incorrect sampling time was common. More communication between pharmacists and other healthcare staff as well as implementation of a pharmacokinetic dosing service are possible solutions.Aust J Hosp Pharm 1997; 27: 235–7.
Management of Ocular Problems in Older People
Authors: Maclean Hector 
Published: March 2016

This paper reviews some of the more common eye problems of the elderly, and particularly those most likely to cause blindness. A description of each is followed with an outline of available drug treatment. Interactions between treatment for the eye condition and other systemic medication is noted, as is any variation in treatment useful for elderly patients. Most eye treatment regimens do not require modification in the elderly but caution is needed with antiglaucoma medications. Compliance problems may be considerable: surgery may sometimes help. Visual impairment may prevent some elderly managing adequately any medications whether topical or systemic.Aust J Hosp Pharm 1997; 27: 239–42.
Medication Omission Rates After Inclusion of Patients' Names on Medication Drawers
Authors: Gaetani Luigi 
Published: March 2016

Aim: To determine whether medication omission rates differed if medication drawers in a unit‐of‐use trolley were labelled with patients' names as well as bed numbers.Method: During a two‐month period all doses given or missed were counted in a busy surgical ward. For one month the medication drawers in the unit‐of‐use trolley were labelled only with bed numbers. During the next month drawers were also labelled with the patient's name. Omitted doses were identified by missing signatures on drug administration charts.Results: In the month when drawers had bed numbers only, 1935 doses were ordered and 146 omitted (7.6%). In the month that drawers had patient names and numbers, 3601 doses were ordered and 204 omitted (5.7%). This difference was significant (z = 2.74, p < 0.01).Conclusion: These data suggest that dosage omissions can be reduced by adding a patient's name to their medication drawer in a drug trolley.
Comparison of Paediatric Steroid Mixtures
Authors: Stafford Leanne , Hope Monica E , Janney E Peter , Ailakis John G 
Published: March 2016

Objective: Oral steroid mixtures are routinely used in the treatment of acute asthmatic exacerbations and croup in children, but the available hydroalcoholic preparations suffer from poor palatability and tolerability. This prospective, non‐randomised, nonblinded, unmatched study compared the palatability, tolerability and therapeutic outcomes of two hydroalcoholic mixtures (one containing prednisolone and the other dexamethasone) used at Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, WA, (PMH) and a new prednisolone mixture, PredMix.Method: One hundred and thirty‐six children between the ages of 1 and 12 years, were treated at PMH and received one of the three mixtures for asthma or croup. A questionnaire and data collection sheet were used to investigate various subjective and objective parameters.Results: PredMix was more easily administered than the PMH prednisolone mixture (52% improvement, p = 0.044) but not the PMH dexamethasone mixture (only 9% improvement).PredMix tasted better than both other mixtures but the difference was only significant for the PMH prednisolone mixture. No significant differences were found regarding the incidence of nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain, or any of the objective parameters tested.Conclusion: PredMix's advantages over the hydroalcoholic mixtures are unlikely to produce savings because of the higher initial cost. Nevertheless, PredMix is an efficacious, palatable and well tolerated oral steroid preparation and is therefore a viable alternative to the PMH dexamethasone mixture and the now discontinued prednisolone mixture.
A Two‐Day National Consumer Medicines Information Phone‐In
Authors: Ryan Michael J , Allen Karen M , Christopher P Alderma , Seale Robyn 
Published: March 2016

We describe the organisation, operation and results of a national two‐day telephone medication information service for consumers. The ‘Phone‐In’ allowed consumers anywhere in Australia to confidentially ask questions about their medicines by calling a freecall number between 9 a.m. and 6 p.m. on 28 and 29 November 1997. The results are compared with similar services in 1992 and 1996.The 1997 Phone‐In was staffed by 78 pharmacists, 5 medical practitioners and 2 Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme advisers. There were 3497 enquiries from 3408 callers over the two days, compared with 2245 calls to the one‐day service in 1996. The top two drug enquiry categories were the same in all three years, i.e. cardiac (24–28%) and psychotropic (14–17%). As in 1992 and 1996, the most frequent questions were about side effects (50% of calls in 1997, 46% in 1996, and 45% in 1992).In a follow‐up survey of 300 callers, over 99% were comfortable with the service and 94% found it helpful or very helpful. Advice was provided to 69% of the sample group of callers and 23% changed the way they took medicines. Forty‐one per cent of callers talked to a doctor or pharmacist as a result of the advice they received and 47% said they had changed the way they talk to their doctor or pharmacist. When surveyed, almost all participants (97%) said they would want to participate in another Phone‐In.The Medicines Phone‐In again demonstrated that a telephone service is an important and useful mechanism for acquiring information about medicines. Based on the surveys of callers and the pharmacists and doctors answering calls, there was a high level of satisfaction with the Phone‐In from ‘both ends of the telephone line’.
Interventions of an Antibiotic Management Team
Authors: Jenney Adam , O'Reilly Mary , Meagher Des , Corallo Carmela E 
Published: March 2016

Objective: To evaluate interventions made by medical and pharmacy staff in association with an antibiotic approval system at Box Hill Hospital.Design: Ward pharmacists identified all restricted antibiotics and prescribers then obtained approval numbers from the Infectious Diseases Unit. Details of all antibiotic approvals, including interventions, were recorded by the Unit during a three‐month period. Details of ward pharmacists' antibiotic‐related interventions were extracted from the Pharmacy's computer records.Results: During the study period, 195 requests for antibiotics requiring approval numbers were made. Approval was given in 93% of cases and there were 41 additional interventions made by the Infectious Diseases Unit at the time of issuing the number. Overall, treatment was altered on 55 occasions (28%). Pharmacists recorded a further 37 major interventions subsequent to the approval of antibiotics.Conclusion: An approval system for selected antibiotics can limit inappropriate prescribing particularly when a team approach is used.
Quality of Medication Ordering at a Large Teaching Hospital
Authors: Coombes Ian D , Pillans Peter I , Storie William J , Radford James M 
Published: March 2016

Objectives: To identify and quantify deficiencies in the prescribing/ordering of inpatient and discharge medications and determine strategies to address them.Design and setting: A descriptive study in medical and surgical wards at a tertiary referral teaching hospital.Patients: All available inpatients in 12 medical and 2 surgical wards on two consecutive days and all discharges on a single day.Results: Medication orders for 230 inpatients and 68 discharge patients were audited. A total of 2978 inpatient orders were reviewed including 634 ‘once only’ doses, 1840 regular and 504 ‘as required’ medications. Errors in physician prescribing occurred at a frequency of 25/1000 prescriptions and included 48 (1.6%) incorrect, ambiguous or unspecified doses and four prescriptions where the specific oral form was not stated. In 14 (0.5%) cases, the dosing frequency specified was wrong, unclear or absent and there were three cases of duplication. Two patients were prescribed drugs to which they had a documented allergy. Details of previous adverse drug reactions were complete in only 14 of 62 (23%) patients. Of the 68 discharge prescriptions audited, orders for 49 of 329 regular medications (15%) had been unintentionally omitted (range 1‐8 medications per patient).Conclusions: The audit identified limitations in the quality of prescribing/ordering which were in part due to deficiencies in the current medication chart and discharge summary. To address these limitations, the medication ordering system has been revised and a multidisciplinary educational program implemented to promote safe and explicit prescribing.
The Use of Complementary Medicines by Inpatients at St Vincent's Hospital Sydney
Authors: Welch Susan A 
Published: March 2016

Aim: To survey the use of complementary medicines (CMs) by patients admitted to St Vincent's Hospital Sydney and identify potential interactions between CMs and other prescribed or over‐the‐counter medications.Method: Patients seen by clinical pharmacists in St Vincent's Hospital Sydney over a 3‐week period in May 2000 were surveyed during the routine medication history. Patients taking CMs had their medication history recorded on the data collection form. Potential for interactions between the CM and the prescribed or over‐the‐counter medications was assessed.Results: Five hundred and eleven patients had their medication history taken, 61 (12%) were taking 156 CMs at the time. Ninety‐one (58%) agents had been taken by 39 (64%) patients for more than one year. Patients ranged in age from 25 to 100 years with a median of 57 years. There was an even sex distribution, 30 females and 31 males. A high proportion (74, 47%) of the CMs had been self‐prescribed and 25 (41 %) patients took 103 (66%) CMs without the knowledge of their general practitioner. Twenty‐two (36%) patients continued taking a total of 47 (30%) CMs in hospital. Twenty‐four (51%) of the continued CMs were not charted. Eleven (18%) patients were also taking 20 medicines that could potentially interact with the CMs they were taking. Six patients were taking more than one potentially interacting substance.Conclusion: Use of CMs by patients admitted to St Vincent's Hospital Sydney appears significant and warrants routine inclusion in the patient medication histories. Potential drug interactions were found to occur. Pharmacists need to be aware of potential interactions and have access to information about interactions between CMs and other medicines.
Use of the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme in Private Hospitals: 2. An Alternative Model
Authors: Jackson John K , Ryan Michael J , Jeffery David M , Seale Robyn E , Benporath Cynthia H , Danby Rob W 
Published: March 2016

Objective: This article describes a project aimed at resolving inefficiencies associated with the use of the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) in private hospitals.Method: Six alternative models were formulated and evaluated using quantitative and qualitative means. The preferred model was implemented for trial.Data sources: Drug utilisation records from medical and pharmacy histories of almost 2500 patients in 5 private hospitals, and focus groups and questionnaire surveys of medical, nursing and pharmacy personnel were used.Results: The model eliminated legal and operational problems associated with outstanding prescriptions, ensured patients received PBS subsidies to which they were entitled and was favoured by all stakeholder groups.Conclusion: The model should be available for implementation in all hospitals using the PBS.
Drug Use Evaluation of Ipratropium at Two Tertiary Referral Hospitals
Authors: Matthews Jessica J , Poulier M Vittoria , Cardiff Lynda , Coombes Judith , Tett Susan E 
Published: March 2016

Objective: To assess the appropriateness of ipratropium bromide prescribing in two tertiary referral hospitals.Method: Criteria for optimal use were developed based on current literature and modified after consultation with respiratory physicians and clinical pharmacists. A prospective review of prescribing was performed over a 2‐month period to assess conformity to these criteria.Results: Information was collected from 84 patients; 5% were receiving inhalers and 96% nebuliser therapy (one patient used both). 77% of patients (n = 65) had a principal diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 14% (n = 12) asthma and 8% (n = 7) had neither diagnosis. 75% of patients were using ipratropium outside the guidelines. The major areas where the guidelines were not met were a lack of therapeutic justification, use of inappropriate doses, and use of an inappropriate delivery device. Feedback and educational interventions were designed and delivered based on the data obtained.Conclusions: There was widespread use of ipratropium outside the developed guidelines. Interventions in specific areas could lead to significant improvements in the use of this high cost drug.