bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fiscal transfers and regional economic growth
Authors: Dawid H. , Harting P. , Neugart M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn the aftermath of the financial crisis, with periphery countries in the European Union falling even more behind the core countries economically, there have been quests for various kinds of fiscal policies in order to revert divergence. How these policies would unfold and perform comparatively is largely unknown. We analyze four such stylized policies in an agent‐based macroeconomic model and study the economic mechanisms behind their relative success. Our main findings are that the core country sharing the debt burden of the periphery country has almost no effect on the growth dynamics of that region, fiscal transfers have a positive short‐ and long‐run impact on per‐capita consumption in the target region, and that technology‐oriented firm subsidies have the strongest positive long‐run impact on competitiveness of the periphery country at which they are targeted. The positive effect of the technology‐oriented policy is reinforced if combined with household transfers.
Strategic corporate social responsibility by a multinational firm
Authors: Manasakis Constantine , Mitrokostas Evangelos , Petrakis Emmanuel 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis paper investigates the determinants of a responsible multinational firm's decision to enter in a foreign country either through exports or through foreign direct investment (FDI), as well as the relevant market and societal outcomes. We find that coroporate social responsibility (CSR) investments are higher under FDI than under exports. The multinational firm's incentives to serve the foreign country through FDI are increasing in the average consumer's valuation for CSR and in the intensity of the foreign country's market competition, but only if the average consumer's valuation for CSR in this country is sufficiently high. These incentives are mitigated by the multinational firm's liability in this country under exports. We also find that there is misalignment of preferences between the stakeholders of the two countries over the multinational firm's mode of entry in the foreign country.
Pilot evaluation of the antipruritic efficacy of a topical transient receptor potential melastatin subfamily 8 (TRPM8) agonist in dogs with atopic dermatitis and pedal pruritus
Authors: Tamamoto‐Mochizuki Chie , Murphy K. Marcia , Olivry Thierry 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) requires a multimodal therapy and there is a need for effective adjunctive interventions. TRPM8 agonists are known to alleviate pruritus by inducing cooling.ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of a novel TRPM8 agonist, 1‐diisopropylphosphorylheptane (Cryosim‐1), in atopic dogs.AnimalsNine client owned dogs with moderate to severe pedal pruritus associated with nonseasonal AD.MethodsThis was a prospective, randomized, double‐blinded, intraindividual, placebo‐controlled study. A 2% Cryosim‐1 or placebo‐vehicle cream was applied to each forepaw twice daily for seven days. The owner rated the pruritus manifestations once daily using a pedal Pruritus Visual Analog Scale (PVAS) and provided a Owner's Global Assessment of Treatment Efficacy (OGATE) at study end.ResultsAfter seven days, the numbers of dogs with a pedal PVAS <2.0 for Cryosim‐1 and placebo were three and five of nine, respectively; likewise, OGATE scores of good‐to‐excellent were two and five of eight, respectively – these proportions were not significant between treatment groups (P = 0.32 and 0.16, respectively). Furthermore, there was no significant difference between Cryosim‐1 and placebo in the median percentage change from baseline PVAS (47% versus 75%; P = 0.15) and in the number of dogs with a ≥50% or a ≥90% reduction from baseline pedal PVAS (four of nine versus five of nine, P = 0.50; two of nine versus two of nine, P = 0.72).ConclusionsIn this pilot trial with a TRPM8 agonist in atopic dogs with pedal pruritus, the twice daily application of a 2% Cryosim‐1 cream did not have an antipruritic effect superior to that of its vehicle.
Electroretinography is a prognostic indicator for postoperative vision in dogs undergoing retinal reattachment surgery
Authors: Hoffman Allison , Sisler Steve , Pappania Marie , Hsu Kimberly , Ross Maya , Ofri Ron 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPurposeTo determine whether pre‐operative electroretinography (ERG) predicts postoperative vision in dogs undergoing retinal reattachment surgery (RRS).MethodsThis 18‐month prospective study recorded signalment, duration, cause, and extent of retinal detachment and pre‐operative vision status. Rod and mixed rod‐cone ERG responses were recorded prior to RRS. Referring veterinary ophthalmologists assessed vision 2 months postoperatively.ResultsThirty dogs (40 affected eyes) aged 4 months to 12.1 years were included. The detachment extent was 150°–320° in 15 of 40 eyes, 360° in 24 of 40 eyes, and not recorded in one eye. Most dogs had a genetic predisposition for retinal detachment. Eight eyes of seven dogs had previous cataract surgery. Mean estimated duration of detachment prior to surgery was 24.5 ± 19.6 days. Pre‐operatively, 34 of 40 eyes were blind, two of 40 eyes were sighted, and four of 40 eyes had severely diminished vision. Compared to normative ERG values in our clinics, pre‐operative ERGs were classified as “normal” in five of 40 eyes, “attenuated” in seven of 40 eyes, and “flat” in 28 of 40 eyes. Following RRS, the retina was fully reattached in all operated eyes. Two‐month postoperatively, 30 of 40 eyes had “normal” vision as defined by referring veterinary ophthalmologists, six of 40 eyes had “limited” or “diminished” vision and four of 40 eyes were blind. Normal vision was regained in 12 of 12 (100%) of eyes with normal or attenuated pre‐operative ERG's, but only in 18 of 28 (64%) of eyes with flat pre‐operative ERG ‘s (Linear‐by‐linear test, P = 0.029).ConclusionsA recordable pre‐operative ERG, even if attenuated, is associated with return of vision in canine RRS patients, and is a favorable prognostic indicator.
Enlargement of the WHO international repository for platelet transfusion‐relevant bacteria reference strains
Authors: Spindler‐Raffel E. , Benjamin R. J. , McDonald C. P. , Ramirez‐Arcos S. , Aplin K. , Bekeredjian‐Ding I. , de Korte D. , Gabriel C. , Gathof B. , Hanschmann K.‐M. , Hourfar K. , Ingram C. , Jacobs M. R. , Keil S. D. , Kou Y. , Lambrecht B. , Marcelis J. , Mukhtar Z. , Nagumo H. , Niekerk T. , Rojo J. , Marschner S. , Satake M. , Seltsam A. , Seifried E. , Sharafat S. , Störmer M. , Süßner S. , Wagner S. J. , Yomtovian R. ,   ISBT Working Party Transfusion‐Transmitted Infectious Diseases (WP‐TTID), Subgroup on Bacteria
Published: September 2017

Background and ObjectivesInterventions to prevent and detect bacterial contamination of platelet concentrates (PCs) have reduced, but not eliminated the sepsis risk. Standardized bacterial strains are needed to validate detection and pathogen reduction technologies in PCs. Following the establishment of the First International Reference Repository of Platelet Transfusion‐Relevant Bacterial Reference Strains (the ‘repository’), the World Health Organization (WHO) Expert Committee on Biological Standardisation (ECBS) endorsed further repository expansion.Materials and MethodsSixteen bacterial strains, including the four repository strains, were distributed from the Paul‐Ehrlich‐Institut (PEI) to 14 laboratories in 10 countries for enumeration, identification and growth measurement on days 2, 4 and 7 after low spiking levels [10–25 colony‐forming units (CFU)/PC bag]. Spore‐forming (Bacillus cereusPEI‐B‐P‐07‐S, Bacillus thuringiensisPEI‐B‐P‐57‐S), Gram‐negative (Enterobacter cloacaePEI‐B‐P‐43, Morganella morganiiPEI‐B‐P‐74, PEI‐B‐P‐91, Proteus mirabilisPEI‐B‐P‐55, Pseudomonas fluorescensPEI‐B‐P‐77, Salmonella choleraesuisPEI‐B‐P‐78, Serratia marcescensPEI‐B‐P‐56) and Gram‐positive (Staphylococcus aureusPEI‐B‐P‐63, Streptococcus dysgalactiaePEI‐B‐P‐71, Streptococcus bovisPEI‐B‐P‐61) strains were evaluated.ResultsBacterial viability was conserved after transport to the participating laboratories with one exception (M. morganiiPEI‐B‐P‐74). All other strains showed moderate‐to‐excellent growth. Bacillus cereus, B. thuringiensis, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. fluorescens, S. marcescens, S. aureus and S. dysgalactiae grew to >106 CFU/ml by day 2. Enterobacter cloacae, P. mirabilis, S. epidermidis, S. bovis and S. pyogenes achieved >106 CFU/ml at day 4. Growth of S. choleraesuis was lower and highly variable.ConclusionThe WHO ECBS approved all bacterial strains (except M. morganiiPEI‐B‐P‐74 and S. choleraesuisPEI‐B‐P‐78) for repository enlargement. The strains were stable, suitable for spiking with low CFU numbers, and proliferation was independent of the PC donor.
Psychological and hormonal stress response patterns during a blood donation
Authors: Hoogerwerf M. D. , Veldhuizen I. J. T. , Merz E.‐M. , de Kort W. L. A. M. , Frings‐Dresen M. H. W. , Sluiter J. K. 
Published: September 2017

Background and ObjectivesDonating blood has been associated with increased stress responses, with scarce evidence indicating that levels of psychological and hormonal stress are higher pre‐donation than post‐donation. We investigated whether a blood donation induces psychological and/or hormonal stress during the course of a blood donation, and whether responses differed between men and women, first‐time and experienced donors and donors with high or low non‐acute stress.Materials and MethodsIn 363 donors, psychological (donation‐stress and arousal) and hormonal (cortisol) stress were measured by questionnaire and salivary sample at seven key moments during a routine donation. Non‐acute stress was assessed by a questionnaire. Repeated measurement analyses were performed, using the last measurement (leaving the donation center) as reference value.ResultsLevels of donation‐stress, arousal and cortisol were significantly higher during donation than when leaving the donation center. When compared with men, women reported higher levels of donation‐stress and cortisol in the first part of the visit. When compared with first‐time donors, experienced donors reported lower levels of donation‐stress during the first part of the visit, and higher levels of arousal but less reactivity throughout the visit. When compared to donors high on non‐acute stress, donors low on non‐acute stress reported lower levels of donation‐stress during the first part of the visit, and showed less cortisol reactivity throughout the visit.ConclusionDonating blood influences psychological and hormonal stress response patterns. The response patterns differ between women and men, first‐time and experienced donors and between donors high and low on non‐acute stress.
Reconsideration of blood donation testing strategy for human T‐cell lymphotropic virus in Australia
Authors: Styles C. E. , Seed C. R. , Hoad V. C. , Gaudieri S. , Keller A. J. 
Published: September 2017

Background and ObjectivesUniversal testing of blood donations for human T‐cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) in Australia may no longer be appropriate given the low prevalence of HTLV infection and the mitigating effect of universal leucodepletion for cellular components. This study aimed to determine the most appropriate HTLV testing strategy using the Risk‐Based Decision‐Making Framework for Blood Safety.Materials and MethodsThe risk of HTLV transfusion–transmission using three testing strategies (universal, new‐donor and no testing) and cost‐effectiveness of the first two strategies were assessed using adaptations of published mathematical models.ResultsThe overall prevalence for 2004–2014 was three HTLV‐positives per million donations. It was estimated that annually, universal testing incurred a cost of approximately AUD $3 million and prevented 83 HTLV‐positive cellular components from being issued, and new‐donor testing cost approximately $225 000 and prevented 81 components. The number of cases of transfusion‐transmitted HTLV and HTLV‐associated disease prevented per year by universal and new‐donor testing was essentially equivalent. According to preset risk thresholds, the risk of transfusion–transmission was negligible for universal and new‐donor testing, and minimal without testing.ConclusionTransfusion–transmission of HTLV is a minimal risk in Australia even without testing. However, any revision of testing strategy must consider not only risk and cost‐effectiveness, but also stakeholder, ethical and regulatory perspectives. Considering all relevant criteria, new‐donor testing is judged the optimal strategy because it is able to achieve almost the same outcomes as universal testing, at a fraction of the cost.
Teenage blood donation: demographic trends, adverse reactions and iron balance
Authors: Eder A. F. , Crowder L. A. , Steele W. R. 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundYoung (16‐ to 17‐year‐old) volunteers donate substantially and disproportionately to the blood supply in the United States, accounting for less than 3% of the general population but about 10% of allogeneic whole blood collections. Donating blood, while quite safe overall, has some attendant risk, and teenage donors are the most susceptible to adverse reactions and injuries, as well as iron deficiency after blood donation.AimTo describe demographic trends in blood donation and the risk of adverse reactions and iron depletion among teenage (16‐ to 17‐year‐old) blood donors compared to older donors.MethodsReview of demographic data and studies on blood donation by 16‐ to 17‐year‐olds.ResultsAdverse reactions after whole blood donation are most likely to occur in the youngest donors. The odds of syncope‐related injury after donation for a 16‐ or 17‐year‐olds are 2·5‐fold higher than 18‐ and 19‐year‐olds and 14·5‐fold higher than adults 20 years old or older, even after taking into consideration first‐time donation status and other predisposing factors. Moreover, iron deficiency, prevalent among teenagers, is aggravated by blood donation. Effective interventions to reduce the risk of reactions and mitigate iron deficiency are supported by research studies and large operational trials in blood centres, but have not been universally implemented.ConclusionTeenage donors continue to contribute substantially and disproportionately to the blood supply despite their higher risk of adverse reactions and possible adverse consequences of iron depletion after blood donation. Further measures could protect adolescent blood donors from donation‐related reactions, injuries and iron depletion.
Pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime after regional limb perfusion in standing horses
Authors: Oreff Gil L. , Tatz Amos J. , Dahan Roee , Segev Gilad , Haberman Shelley , Britzi Malka , Kelmer Gal 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the metacarpophalangeal joint fluid concentrations of ceftazidime administered via regional limb perfusion (RLP).AnimalsEight healthy horses.MethodsRLP was performed by injecting 2 g of ceftazidime and 60 mL of perfusate volume in the cephalic vein of standing, sedated horses. Serum and synovial fluid from the metacarpophalangeal joint were collected before perfusion and at 0.5, 2, 6, 12, 24 hours postperfusion. Ceftazidime concentrations were measured via liquid chromatography. Maximal concentration (Cmax), area under the curve (AUC), half‐life of the drug (T ½), and the timing of Cmax (Tmax) were determined to assess ceftazidime as a candidate drug for RLP. Continuous parameters were compared with the Mann‐Whitney U test. P value ≤ .05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe Cmax of ceftazidime in synovial fluid (235 µg/mL) was 15 times higher than the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for most bacteria involved in orthopedic infections, including resistant pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 16 µg/mL). However, synovial concentrations decreased quickly and remained above the MIC in only 1 horse by 6 hours postperfusion.ConclusionRLP generated high synovial fluid concentrations of ceftazidime in the distal limb, but these concentrations decreased rapidly below the deliberately high MIC selected.Clinical relevanceOnce daily RLP, as applied in our study, with 2 g ceftazidime in standing horses, cannot be recommended for use in a clinical setting.
Functional Role of Movement and Performance Variability: Adaptation of Front Crawl Swimmers to Competitive Swimming Constraints
Authors: Simbaña Escobar David , Hellard Philippe , Pyne David B. , Seifert Ludovic 
Published: September 2017

To study the variability in stroking parameters between and within laps and individuals during competitions, we compared and modeled the changes of speed, stroke rate, and stroke length in 32 top-level male and female swimmers over 4 laps (L1–L4) in 200-m freestyle events using video-derived 2-dimensional direct linear transformation. For the whole group, speed was greater in L1, with significant decreases across L2, L3, and L4 (1.80 ± 0.10 vs 1.73 ± 0.08; 1.69 ± 0.09; 1.66 ± 0.09  · s−1,P < .05). This variability was attributed to a decrease in stroke length (L2: 2.43 ± 0.19 vs L4: 2.20 ± 0.13 m,P < .05) and an increase in stroke rate (L2: 42.8 ± 2.6 vs L4: 45.4 ± 2.3 stroke · min−1,P < .05). The coefficient of variation and the biological coefficient of variation in speed were greater for male versus female (3.9 ± 0.7 vs 3.1 ± 0.7; 2.9 ± 1.0 vs 2.6 ± 0.7,P < .05) and higher in L1 versus L2 (3.9 ± 1.3 vs 3.1 ± 0.1; 2.9 ± 0.9 vs 2.3 ± 0.7,P < .05). Intra-lap speed values were best represented by a cubic (n = 38), then linear (n = 37) and quadratic model (n = 8). The cubic fit was more frequent for males (43.8%) than females (15.6%), suggesting greater capacity to generate higher acceleration after the turn. The various stroking parameters managements within lap suggest that each swimmer adapts his/her behavior to the race constraints.
Female Athletes With Varying Levels of Vertical Stiffness Display Kinematic and Kinetic Differences During Single-Leg Hopping
Authors: Waxman Justin P. , Ford Kevin R. , Nguyen Anh-Dung , Taylor Jeffrey B. 
Published: September 2017

Vertical stiffness may contribute to lower-extremity injury risk; however, it is unknown whether athletes with different stiffness levels display differences in biomechanics. This study compared differences in biomechanics between female athletes (n = 99) with varying stiffness levels during a repetitive, single-leg, vertical hopping task. Vertical stiffness was calculated as the ratio of peak vertical ground-reaction force to maximum center-of-mass displacement. Tertiles were established using stiffness values, and separate 1-way ANOVAs were used to evaluate between-group differences. Stance times decreased, and flight times, ground-reaction force, and stiffness increased, from the low- to high-stiffness group (P < .050). The high-stiffness group displayed: (1) greater lateral trunk flexion (P = .009) and lesser hip adduction (P = .022) at initial ground contact compared to the low- and moderate-stiffness groups, respectively; (2) lesser peak hip adduction compared to the low-stiffness group (P = .040); (3) lesser lateral trunk-flexion (P = .046) and knee-flexion (P = .010) excursion compared to the moderate- and low-stiffness groups, respectively; and (4) greater peak hip-flexion (P = .001), ankle-dorsiflexion (P = .002), and ankle-eversion (P = .038) moments compared to the low-stiffness group. A wide range of variability in stiffness exists within a relatively homogenous population. Athletes with varying stiffness levels display biomechanical differences that may help identify the potential mechanism(s) by which stiffness contributes to injury risk.
Understanding Physical Activity Motivation and Behavior Through Self-Determination and Servant Leadership Theories in a Feasibility Study
Authors: Gray Samantha M. , Wharf Higgins Joan , Rhodes Ryan E. 
Published: September 2017

Despite its well-established benefits, physical activity engagement is low in the adult population; evidence suggests that this is especially a concern for women >60 years. The purpose of this mixed methods study was to explore the feasibility of a 6-week randomized control trial of self-determination theory-based dance and walking programs for older women. Primary outcomes were feasibility measures: recruitment, retention, and satisfaction. Secondary outcomes included self-reported physical activity, behavioral regulations, and psychological needs. Thirty-five women completed the study (M = 62.8 ± 4.8 years), representing 39% recruitment and 95% retention rate. Both programs were highly attended. Exploratory effect sizes for secondary measures were promising. Emergent themes highlighted the importance of servant leadership concepts in the group setting for motivating physical activity. Our findings provide support for expanding this trial to a full-scale study.
Physical Function and Health-Related Quality of Life in Overweight and Obese Rural Women Who Meet Physical Activity Recommendations
Authors: Hageman Patricia A. , Pullen Carol H. , Yoerger Michael 
Published: September 2017

Associations of physical function and health-related quality of life in 297 rural women, ages 40–69 years (body mass index of 28–45 kg/m2) who met activity criterion were examined using cross-sectional baseline data from the Women Weigh-in for Wellness trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01307644). Assessments included demographics, 400-m walk, timed chair stands, and health-related quality of life using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS-29). Women were classified as active if they had ≥500 metabolic equivalent·min/week by the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey (n = 103, 34.7%), or ≥150 weekly minutes of greater than or equal to moderate intensity activity by accelerometry (n = 222, 74.8%). Ordinal logistic regression models adjusted for age, comorbidities, and body mass index were calculated. Meeting activity guidelines per self-report was associated with perceptions of less fatigue and greater satisfaction with social roles, whereas meeting guidelines as measured by accelerometry was associated with faster gait speed.
Ego-Oriented Learners Show Advantage in Retention and Transfer of Balancing Skill
Authors: Meira Cassio M. , Fairbrother Jeffrey T. 
Published: September 2017

Task-oriented individuals believe capabilities can change and focus on learning, self-reference, mastery, personal improvement, and effort. Ego-oriented individuals believe capabilities are fixed and focus on performance, outcome, other-reference, and personal success. We examined the effects of task and ego orientations on the acquisition, retention, and transfer of a balance task. Eighteen acquisition trials with knowledge of results on a 40-s balance task (parallel stance) were performed. Retention and transfer (staggered stance) were administered 24 h later, with three no–knowledge of results trials each. Analyses showed that the high-ego-oriented individuals showed better balance on transfer than the low-ego-oriented ones, suggesting that those who score high in ego might be predisposed to use adaptive strategies to facilitate performance when feedback is withdrawn on learning tests. To test this hypothesis, the second experiment investigated the relationship between knowledge of results and goal orientations. Task, design, and procedure were identical to the first experiment. The analyses indicated that ego-oriented individuals were capable of sustaining balance for a much greater length of time on retention and transfer than task-oriented ones, mainly when knowledge of results was present on acquisition trials. This finding reinforces the advantage of ego over task goal orientation when learning a new motor task.