bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFIKASI BEBERAPA SEDIAAN VAKSIN Streptococcus agalactiae-N14G UNTUK PENCEGAHAN PENYAKIT STREPTOCOCCOSIS PADA IKAN NILA, Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Taukhid Taukhid , Purwaningsih Uni , Lusiastuti Angela Mariana 
Published: November 2016

Penelitian dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui efikasi berbagai sediaan (biakan cair, sel utuh, supernatan dengan dan tanpa penyaringan) vaksin Streptococcus agalactiae-N14G untuk pencegahan penyakit Streptococcosis pada ikan nila telah dilakukan pada skala laboratorium. Isolat bakteri Streptococcus agalactiae-N14G digunakan sebagai sumber antigen dalam pembuatan vaksin. Ikan nila dengan rata-rata ukuran 10-15 g/ekor dan diasumsikan bebas penyakit infeksi Streptococcus agalactiae (specific pathogen free, SPF) terhadap patogen target digunakan sebagai ikan uji. Pada hari ke-14 pasca vaksinasi, dilakukan uji tantang dengan bakteri homolog aktif pada dosis lethal (LD50), dan pengamatan dilakukan selama 21 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan efikasi sediaan vaksin tertinggi diperoleh pada sediaan vaksin sel utuh (B) (76,0%), selanjutnya diikuti oleh sediaan vaksin biakan cair (A) (65,0%), sediaan vaksin supernatan tanpa penyaringan (C) (49,0%), dan sediaan vaksin dengan penyaringan (D) (36,0%); sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol positif dan negatif, masingmasing sebesar 25,0% dan 34,0%. Dua jenis sediaan vaksin masuk kategori efektif dengan nilai relative percentage survival (RPS) 8 50%, yaitu jenis vaksin sel utuh(68,00%) dan jenis sediaan vaksin biakan cair (53,37%).
Flipped Classroom Approach
Authors: Ozdamli Fezile , Asiksoy Gulsum 
Published: November 2016

Flipped classroom is an active, student-centered approach that was formed to increase the quality of period within class. Generally this approach whose applications are done mostly in Physical Sciences, also attracts the attention of educators and researchers in different disciplines recently. Flipped classroom learning which wide-spreads rapidly in the world, is not well recognized in our country. That is why the aim of study is to attract attention to its potential in education field and provide to make it recognize more by educators and researchers. With this aim, in the study what flipped classroom approach is, flipped classroom technology models, its advantages and limitations were explained.Â Keywords: Flipped learning, flipped classroom, new approaches
Correlation of Periodontal Disease With Inflammatory Arthritis in the Time Before Modern Medical Intervention
Authors: Rothschild Bruce 
Published: November 2016

Background: Controversy exists regarding possible correlation of periodontal disease with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Confounding factors may relate to stringency of inflammatory disease diagnosis and the effect of therapeutic intervention for RA on periodontal disease. These factors are investigated in this study.Methods: Forty‐five individuals with documented RA (n = 15), spondyloarthropathy (n = 15), and calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPPD) (n = 15), from the Hamann–Todd collection of human skeletons compiled from 1912 to 1938, and 15 individuals contemporarily incorporated in the collection were examined for tooth loss, cavity occurrence, average and maximum lingual and buccal depth of space between tooth and bone, periosteal reaction, serpentine bone resorption, abscess formation, and root penetration of the bone surface and analyzed by analysis of variance.Results: Tooth loss was common, but actual number of teeth lost, cavity occurrence, average and maximum lingual and buccal depth of space between tooth and bone, periosteal reaction, serpentine grooving surrounding teeth (considered a sign of inflammation), abscess formation, and root exposure (penetration of bone surface) were indistinguishable among controls and individuals with RA, spondyloarthropathy, and CPPD.Conclusions: Although many factors can affect periodontal disease, presence of inflammatory arthritis does not appear to be one of them. The implication is that dental disease was common in the general population and not necessarily associated with arthritis, at least before the advent of modern rheumatologic medications. As specific diagnosis did not affect prevalence, perhaps current prevalence controversy may relate to current intervention, a subject for further study.
Carta a los Lectores
Authors: Dueñas Manuel Álvaro 
Published: November 2016

Basta con revisar el Sistema de Indicadores Sociodemográficos de Poblaciones y Pueblos Indígenas de la CEPAL para constatar que las desigualdades estructurales azotan de manera especialmente intensa a las comunidades indígenas.1 Desigualdades que, como señalan Fabiana del Popolo y Ana María Oyarce, si bien se manifiestan de manera diferente en los distintos países, sin embargo constituyen una realidad sistémica. Sirva como ejemplo que un 20% de niños y niñas indígenas en edad escolar no asiste a la escuela, que aquellos que lo hacen no culminan la escolarización básica en mayor medida que el resto de la población y que acceden con mucha mayor dificultad a los niveles educativos superiores, siendo todo ello especialmente grave para las niñas y las jóvenes, que se ven excluidas tanto por su condición de indígenas, como por ser mujeres.2
On the Concepts of Usability and Reusability of Learning Objects
Authors: Sicilia Miguel-Angel , Garcia Elena 
Published: November 2016

<p>
“Reusable learning objects” oriented towards increasing their potential reusability are required to satisfy concerns about their granularity and their independence of concrete contexts of use. Such requirements also entail that the definition of learning object “usability,” and the techniques required to carry out their “usability evaluation” must be substantially different from those commonly used to characterize and evaluate the usability of conventional educational applications. In this article, a specific characterization of the concept of learning object usability is discussed, which places emphasis on “reusability,” the key property of learning objects residing in repositories. The concept of learning object reusability is described as the possibility and adequacy for the object to be usable in prospective educational settings, so that usability and reusability are considered two interrelated – and in many cases conflicting – properties of learning objects. Following the proposed characterization of two characteristics or properties of learning objects, a method to evaluate usability of specific learning objects will be presented.
</p>
<p><b>Key Terms:</b> Learning objects, reusability, usability evaluation, learning technology standards</p>
Preproduction-Deployed Scale-Inhibition Treatments in Deepwater West Africa
Authors: Patterson D. , Williams W. , Jordan M. , Douglas R. 
Published: November 2016

Summary
The injection of seawater into oil-bearing reservoirs for the purposes of maintaining reservoir pressure and improving secondary recovery is a well-established, mature operation. Moreover, the degree of risk posed by deposition of mineral scales (carbonate/sulfate) to the injection and production wells during such operations has been much studied. The current deepwater subsea developments offshore West Africa and Brazil have brought into sharp focus the need to manage scale in an effective way.
In a deepwater West African field, the relatively small number of high-cost, highly productive wells, coupled with a high barium sulfate scaling tendency upon breakthrough of injection seawater, meant that effective scale management was critical to achieving high hydrocarbon recovery and that even wells at low water cuts have proved to be at sufficient risk to require early squeeze application.
To provide effective scale control in these wells at low water cuts, phosphonate-based inhibitors were applied as part of the acid-perforation wash and overflush stages before frac-packing operations. The deployment of this inhibitor proved effective in controlling barium sulfate scale formation during initial water production, eliminating the need to scale squeeze the wells at low water cuts (&lt;10% basic sediment and water). To increase the volumes of scale inhibitor (SI) being deployed in the preproduction treatments and so extend the treatment lifetimes, SI was also added to the fracturing gel used to carry the fracturing sand.
This paper outlines the selection methods for the inhibitor chemical for application in fracturing fluids in terms of rheology, retention/release, and formation damage, and presents the chemical-return profiles from the five wells treated (some treatments lasting longer than 300 days), along with the monitoring methods used to confirm scale control in the treated wells.
Many similar fields are currently being developed in the Campos Basin, Gulf of Mexico, and West Africa, and this paper is a good example of best-practice sharing from another oil basin.
A Practical Approach to History Matching Premature Water Breakthrough in Waterflood Reservoir Simulation: Method and Case Studies in South Belridge Diatomite Waterflood
Authors: Yang Zhengming , Urdaneta Alfredo 
Published: November 2016

Summary
Premature water breakthrough negatively affects waterfloods in low permeability, naturally fractured reservoirs such as the South Belridge Diatomite. Premature water breakthrough reduces the effectiveness of waterflooding by partially or entirely bypassing the reservoir matrix where most of the reservoir fluids are stored. Reservoir simulation is handicapped by the inability to accurately characterize the architecture of the natural and induced fractures that yield high conductivity flow paths between injectors and producers. Generally, reservoir simulation can only represent the effective fluid flow by ignoring the ineffective water production that bypasses the matrix.
Detailed production performance analysis yields a practical approach to assist reservoir simulation in history matching the waterflood process under premature water breakthrough conditions. Basic reservoir and rock–fluid characterization parameters must be tuned by history match of primary production or before water injection related effects dominate fluid flow under waterflooding. The Y-function waterflood analytical method is used to diagnose premature water breakthrough on a well-to-well basis for the timing and duration. Effective water injection and production volumes are recalculated in reservoir simulation and used to achieve a history match that honors oil production, reservoir pressure level, and injection/production volume balance. A field-scale case study is presented to demonstrate the application and procedure of the proposed approach. The long-term waterflood prediction with the history match model has been validated by comparing with analytical method forecast as well as the up-to-date continuous waterflood field data (4.5 years after history match date in the last reservoir simulation project). The proposed practical approach makes reservoir simulation a meaningful predictive tool in waterflood reservoirs when premature water breakthrough is a significant issue.
Sensor Fusion Accelerometer dan Gyroscope untuk Pengukuran Perubahan Kinematik Pergelangan Kaki
Authors: Kusuma Wahyu Andhyka , Sari Zamah , Sari Anggreani Tyas 
Published: November 2016

Sensor fusion merupakan metode penggabungan dua jenis sensor yang berbeda dimana memiliki karaktersitik yang hampir sama untuk mendapatkan suatu fungsi baru. Salah satu fungsi dari sensor fusi adalah mendapatkan perbandingan antara dua sensor yang digabungkan. Penelitian tentang perubahan kinematik telah jamak dilakukan, hal ini dikarenakan dengan melihat perubahan kinematik manusia dapat menentukan pola pergerakan, klasifikasi, hingga proses rehabilitasi medis. Seluruh anggota tubuh yang terhubungkan oleh sendi dan bergerak dapat diukur nilai kinematiknya. Penelitian ditujukan pada pergelangan kaki untuk mengetahui langkah serta pergerakan naik turunnya pergelangan kaki, hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan mampu mendukung penelitian lanjutan untuk membantu proses rehabilitasi medis pada pasien yang mengalami cidera pergelangan kaki. Penelitian yang dilakukan pada empat orang yang berbeda melakukan aktivitas lari, jalan lambat, jalan ditempat, dan jalan cepat didapatkan perbedaan rata-rata dari kedua sensor yang dihasilkan oleh gyro x dan acc x adalah 10,27%, gyro y dan acc y adalah -25,39%, gyro z dan acc z adalah -10,33%. Dari kedua sensor tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa accelerometer dan gyroscope dapat digunakan untuk mengukur besarnya perubahan kinematik.
ANALISA SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI MENGGUNAKAN KERANGKA KERJA COBIT 4.1” (STUDI KASUS : UNIT PELAKSANA TEKNIS TELEMATIKA UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL “VETERAN” JAWA TIMUR)
Authors: Idhom Mohammad 
Published: November 2016

Pengelolaan sumber daya manusia merupakan proses dan struktur hubungan yang mengendalikan dan mengarahkan suatu organisasi perusahaan dalam mencapai tujuan organisasi dengan menambahkan nilai agar teknologi informasi dan prosesnya dapat diseimbangkan dengan resikonya. Diperlukan sebuah evaluasi sumber daya manusia dibidang teknologi informasi untuk mengetahui sejauh mana tingkatan pengelolaan terhadap sumber daya manusia di Unit Pelaksana Teknis Telematika saat ini. Sumber daya manusia di bidang teknologi informasi pada Unit Pelaksana Teknis Telematika membutuhkan pengembangan dan pengelolaan sesuai dengan harapan organisasi. Melihat terbatasnya sumber daya manusia di bidang teknologi informasi pada Unit Pelaksana Teknis Telematika sangat terbatas sehingga kegiatan operasional masih belum efektif dan memenuhi sasaran yang diharapkan. Melihat kondisi organisasi yang mengalami terbatas pada sumber daya manusia di bidang teknologi informasi dilakukan evaluasi secara detail dengan menggunakan COBIT 4.1.Dalam melakukan evaluasi sumber daya manusia dengan menggunakan kerangka kerja COBIT yang berfokus pada Domain PO7 diharapkan dapat memberikan acuan dan perbaikan yang lebih efektif terhadap organisasi ke depannya.
Initial forces experienced by the anterior and posterior teeth during dental-anchored or skeletal-anchored en masse retraction in vitro
Authors: Lee David , Heo Giseon , El-Bialy Tarek , Carey Jason P. , Major Paul W. , Romanyk Dan L. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To investigate initial forces acting on teeth around the arch during en masse retraction using an in vitro Orthodontic SIMulator (OSIM).

Materials and Methods:
The OSIM was used to represent the full maxillary arch in a case wherein both first premolars had been extracted. Dental and skeletal anchorage to a posted archwire and skeletal anchorage to a 10-mm power arm were all simulated. A 0.019 × 0.025-inch stainless steel archwire was used in all cases, and 15-mm light nickel-titanium springs were activated to approximately 150 g on both sides of the arch. A sample size of n = 40 springs were tested for each of the three groups. Multivariate analysis of variance (α = 0.05) was used to determine differences between treatment groups.

Results:
In the anterior segment, it was found that skeletal anchorage with power arms generated the largest retraction force (P &lt; .001). The largest vertical forces on the unit were generated using skeletal anchorage, followed by skeletal anchorage with power arms, and finally dental anchorage. Power arms were found to generate larger intrusive forces on the lateral incisors and extrusive forces on the canines than on other groups. For the posterior anchorage unit, dental anchorage generated the largest protraction and palatal forces. Negligible forces were measured for both skeletal anchorage groups. Vertical forces on the posterior unit were minimal in all cases (&lt;0.1 N).

Conclusions:
All retraction methods produced sufficient forces to retract the anterior teeth during en masse retraction. Skeletal anchorage reduced forces on the posterior teeth but introduced greater vertical forces on the anterior teeth.
Batch Completion Operations Cost Reduction in a Segregated Drilling Campaign: The Development of an Intervention and Completion Unit
Authors: Canny Steven A , Rutland M. Gary 
Published: November 2016

The adoption of segregated drilling campaigns is commonplace in an effort to harness economies of scale and reduce well construction costs. In an attempt to increase the financial efficiency of drilling campaigns, the division of the well construction and completions operations can be segregated into two distinct phases. A drilling and casing phase leaving a cased well in a Temporary Abandonment (TA) status, followed by a phase consisting of clean-up, completion and stimulation operations resulting in the handover of the well to production to bring hydrocarbon production online. As such an Intervention and Completion Unit (ICU) with the capability to perform perforation, multi-zone completion installation, stimulation, clean-up operations and well testing has significant advantages when deployed in the later phase of a segregated multi-phase drilling campaign.
This paper describes the collaborative development of an ICU that facilitates the installation of multi-zone and smart well completions, conveyance for well servicing operations, well bore clean-up (WBC) activities, well testing and stimulation activities. The challenge of undertaking traditional drilling phase activities with a technically capable, yet cost effective ICU is discussed, particularly the core areas where the reduction in specification through it being redundant for the phased operations.
The key parameters driving the ICU development and design are presented from the operator's perspective, based on prior campaign experience utilizing this approach with alternative technology. The process identifying the key requirements of the completion and well servicing operations is described with the selection of implementing new technology solutions in the design. The avoidance of Non-Productive Time (NPT) is a core aspiration in making incremental cost efficiencies. The identification of operations not on the critical path that can be performed simultaneously or as an offline activity, have the potential to make high cost impacts.
Through innovative design and the implementation of novel and field tested technology, allied to extensive use of offline activities as concurrent operations, the ICU has the potential to make significant cost savings in a segregated well construction project. Collaboration between the operator and service provider drives a design which provides a technically pragmatic and capable ICU and as such attracting project cost savings allied to lower support equipment costs. Further, the deployment flexibility of the ICU allows it to perform operations ranging from well construction activities such as well slot preparation, completions and intervention, to well deconstruction activities such as heavy workover, Permanent Abandonment (PA) phases and slot recovery. The ability to perform multi-phase operations whilst mobilized to a platform brings further cost benefits and operational flexibility.
The Nature, Costs, and Cost Drivers of Floating LNG Technology
Authors: Duncan A. B. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
To make informed decisions; Natural Gas resource holders, investors, regulators, and other project proponents need an understanding of the nature, costs, and cost drivers of Floating Liquefied Natural Gas (FLNG) technology. There is currently a wide range of FLNG projects under consideration, in construction, or in commissioning, yet the available public domain information suggests there are considerable variations in understanding the scope, costs, and cost drivers of these projects. This paper provides a brief review and analysis of public domain information, focusses on the cost drivers of an FLNG facility, and proposes a "screening" level approach to integrate FLNG costing into an overall field development costing.
Best Practices for Performing Coiled Tubing Catenary Interventions Based on the Evolution in the Last 8 Years of Continuous Operations in Brunei
Authors: Tapia William , Casali Andrei , Marsaleh Zarina , Song Yan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe limitations to performing rigless interventions in small platforms and safety concerns of performing multiple heavy lifts to the platform have motivated different locations worldwide to find solutions for accomplishing their objectives by utilizing proven techniques. In Brunei, after more than 8 years of continuous coiled tubing (CT) catenary operations, comprehensive and detailed processes have been strongly established and have created a guide that can be used for implementing similar operations in other locations that do not have such experience.A methodology was implemented to find the bottlenecks in each process involved during the entire cycle of a CT intervention as well as the actions taken by an operator and a service company to eliminate them. Statistical comparisons were used to contrast what was done in the past with what has been implemented in recent years. Additionally, new vessel positioning systems, improved disconnect systems, and proven safety considerations were analyzed, and a streamlined process to operation design, execution, and evaluation (DEE) cycles was developed.As a result of the process improvement documentation has been elaborated which include the flexibility and limitations of the system to cover concerns that are usually present in every stage of the intervention. Checklists and local guidelines will aid workers from other locations to implement catenary operations by using a reference document to cover HSE requirements and well integrity issues including volatile operating conditions and to obtain the information necessary to deliver technically challenging operations.This work supplements the current literature that addresses the "what" of past case histories by providing guidelines for the "how" to achieve an implementation of successful operations while complying with global HSE and environmental regulations. A priority of this work was sharing of knowledge obtained while giving space for continuous improvement related to this type of operation in the future.
Development and Utilization of BHA Fatigue Management Workflow
Authors: Suryadi Hendrik , Chinh Phan Van 
Published: November 2016

Extended Abstract
Present day, oil and gas industries continue to drill more complex, extended reach, deeper and higher dogleg severity wells. Due to this, drillstring elements are subjected to higher loads and several kinds of cyclic stresses. The success of drilling operations rely on keeping the integrity of BHA and the drillstring. One of the most common and catastrophic events related with BHA integrity is twist-off where the BHA component parted downhole. Twist off can be caused by many reasons, such as the load exceeding collar strength, high shock and vibration, corrosion, etc., but the primary cause of twist-offs is due to fatigue failure. Despite the stress is below the material strength specification, the drillstring would fail downhole. This is caused by fatigue accumulated over time. According to some reports fatigue failure contributes to over 60% of total dirllstring failures. Fatigue failure can occur under a wide range of conditions and environments, however there is always a higher risk of fatigue failure when rotating drill collars and tools through high doglegs interval during the drilling process.
With high rig operating costs, the increasing BHA complexity, and wellbore complexity, there is an increased focus to avoid twist-off related expenses such as: