bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifrequential periodogram analysis of earthquake occurrence: An alternative approach to the Schuster spectrum, with two examples in central California
Authors: Dutilleul Pierre , Johnson Christopher W. , Bürgmann Roland , Wan Yongge , Shen Zheng‐Kang 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPeriodic earthquake occurrences may reflect links with semidiurnal to multiyear tides, seasonal hydrological loads, and ~14 month pole tide forcing. The Schuster spectrum is a recent extension of Schuster's traditional test for periodicity analysis in seismology. We present an alternative approach: the multifrequential periodogram analysis (MFPA), performed on time series of monthly earthquake numbers. We explore if seismicity in two central California regions, the Central San Andreas Fault near Parkfield (CSAF‐PKD) and the Sierra Nevada‐Eastern California Shear Zone (SN‐ECSZ), exhibits periodic behavior at periods of 2 months to several years. Original and declustered catalogs spanning up to 26 years were analyzed with both methods. For CSAF‐PKD, the MFPA resolves ~1 year periodicities, with additional statistically significant periods of ~6 and ~4 months; for SN‐ECSZ, it finds a strong ~14 month periodic component. Unlike the Schuster spectrum, the MFPA has an exact modified statistic at non‐Fourier frequencies. Informed by the MFPA period estimates, trigonometric models with periods of 12, 6, and 4 months (Model 1) and 14.24 and 12 months (Model 2) were fitted to time series of earthquake numbers. For CSAF‐PKD, Model 1 shows a peak annual earthquake occurrence during August‐November and a secondary peak in April. Similar peaks, or troughs, are found in annual and semiannual components of pole tide and tide‐induced stress model time series and fault normal‐stress reduction from seasonal hydrological unloading. For SN‐ECSZ, the dominant ~14 month periodicity prevents regular annual peaking, and Model 2 provides a better fit (Δ
: 2.4%). This new MFPA application resolves several periodicities in earthquake catalogs that reveal external periodic forcing.
Observations of whitecap coverage and the relation to wind stress, wave slope, and turbulent dissipation
Authors: Schwendeman Michael , Thomson Jim 
Published: November 2015

AbstractShipboard measurements of whitecap coverage are presented from two cruises in the North Pacific, and compared with in situ measurements of wind speed and friction velocity, average wave steepness, and near‐surface turbulent dissipation. A threshold power law fit is proposed for all variables, which incorporates the flexibility of a power law with the threshold behavior commonly seen in whitecapping. The fit of whitecap coverage to wind speed, U10, closely matches similar relations from three recent studies, particularly in the range of 6–14 m/s. At higher wind speeds, the whitecap coverage data level off relative to the fits, and an analysis of the residuals shows some evidence of reduced whitecapping in rapidly developing waves. Wave slope variables are examined for potential improvement over wind speed parameterizations. Of these variables, the mean square slope of the equilibrium range waves has the best statistics, which are further improved after normalizing by the directional spread and frequency bandwidth. Finally, the whitecap coverage is compared to measurements of turbulent dissipation. Though still statistically significant, the correlation is worse than the wind or wave relations, and residuals show a strong negative trend with wave age. This may be due to an increased influence of microbreaking in older wind seas.
Mixed‐layer ocean responses to anthropogenic aerosol dimming from 1870 to 2000
Authors: Dallafior T. N. , Folini D. , Knutti R. , Wild M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIt is debated to what extent surface solar radiation (SSR) changes through varying anthropogenic aerosol emissions since industrialization affected surface temperatures (tsurf). We use mixed‐layer ocean experiments with the general circulation model ECHAM6.1 and explicit aerosols (HAM2.2) to identify regions where this effect is discernible. For each decade from 1870 to 2000 we derive three equilibria: anthropogenic aerosol emissions and greenhouse gas concentrations at the respective decade's levels (ALL), either aerosols or greenhouse gases fixed at year 1850 levels (GHG and AERO). We duplicated parts of the experiments with different prescribed divergence of ocean heat transport (Q_ALL, Q_AERO, and Q_GHG). Comparing year 2000 with year 1870 equilibria, we find global average cooling of −1.4 K for AERO and warming of 1.4 K for GHG. ALL and Q_ALL warm by 0.6 K and 0.4 K, respectively. The way divergence of ocean heat transport is prescribed thus matters. Pattern correlations of year 2000 tsurf responses in ALL with the sum of AERO and GHG are higher (0.88) than with Q_ALL (0.71) confirming additivity of global patterns, but not of global means. The imprint of anthropogenic aerosols on tsurf response patterns in ALL is distinct, thus potentially detectable. Over the decades, ocean fractions affected by either changing aerosol optical depth or all‐sky SSR vary in concert, supporting linkage between anthropogenic aerosols and all‐sky SSR. SSR changes and tsurf responses are marginally collocated. Oceanic regions with strongest tsurf response to aerosol‐induced SSR changes are the northern midlatitudes and North Pacific with tsurf sensitivities up to −0.7 K W m−2 SSR change.
Peroxygenase‐katalysierte Oxyfunktionalisierung angetrieben durch Methanoloxidation
Authors: Ni Yan , Fernández‐Fueyo Elena , Baraibar Alvaro Gomez , Ullrich René , Hofrichter Martin , Yanase Hideshi , Alcalde Miguel , van Berkel Willem J. H. , Hollmann Frank 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPeroxygenasen katalysieren eine Vielzahl stereoselektiver Oxyfunktionalisierungen unter Verwendung von Wasserstoffperoxid als einzigem Oxidationsmittel. Allerdings werden Peroxygenasen auch durch H2O2 irreversibel inaktiviert. Für robuste Peroxygenase‐Reaktionen ist also eine effiziente In‐situ‐Bereitstellung von H2O2 unabdingbar. Hier beschreiben wir eine neuartige Enzymkaskade zur reduktiven Aktivierung von Luftsauerstoff unter Verwendung von Methanol als stöchiometrischem Reduktionsmittel. Am Beispiel der stereoselektiven Hydroxylierung von Ethylbenzol zu (R)‐1‐Phenylethanol zeigen wir die effiziente Nutzung aller in Methanol gespeicherten Reduktionsäquivalente zur reduktiven Aktivierung von O2.
Natürliche Fimbrolide inhibieren Autoinduktorbiosynthese und Luziferaseaktivität und unterdrücken damit die Biolumineszenz in Vibrio
Authors: Zhao Weining , Lorenz Nicola , Jung Kirsten , Sieber Stephan A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractVibrio ist ein Modellorganismus zur molekularen Analyse des Quorum Sensings (QS) und zur Identifikation QS‐interferierender Wirkstoffe. Die natürlichen Fimbrolide sind für die QS‐inhibierenden Wirkungen in verschiedenen Organismen bekannt, allerdings waren die zellulären Angriffspunkte bisher verborgen. Nun ist es gelungen, die irreversiblen Zielstrukturen der Fimbrolide im Proteom von V. harveyi und V. campbellii mithilfe quantitativer Massenspektrometrie und chemisch modifizierter Fimbrolide aufzudecken. Hauptangriffspunkte sind zwei Proteine, die eine essenzielle Rolle für QS und Biolumineszenz in Vibrio spielen. LuxS, das für die Autoinduktor‐2‐Biosynthese verantwortlich ist, und LuxE, eine Untereinheit des Luziferasekomplexes, wurden beide kovalent an Cysteinresten im jeweiligen aktiven Zentrum modifiziert und dadurch inhibiert. Die Identifizierung von LuxE ist in Einklang mit früheren Studien, die die Inhibierung der Biolumineszenz ebenfalls downstream der Signalkaskade vermuteten.
Remarkable Dependence of the Final Charge Separation Efficiency on the Donor–Acceptor Interaction in Photoinduced Electron Transfer
Authors: Higashino Tomohiro , Yamada Tomoki , Yamamoto Masanori , Furube Akihiro , Tkachenko Nikolai V. , Miura Taku , Kobori Yasuhiro , Jono Ryota , Yamashita Koichi , Imahori Hiroshi 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe unprecedented dependence of final charge separation efficiency as a function of donor–acceptor interaction in covalently‐linked molecules with a rectilinear rigid oligo‐p‐xylene bridge has been observed. Optimization of the donor–acceptor electronic coupling remarkably inhibits the undesirable rapid decay of the singlet charge‐separated state to the ground state, yielding the final long‐lived, triplet charge‐separated state with circa 100 % efficiency. This finding is extremely useful for the rational design of artificial photosynthesis and organic photovoltaic cells toward efficient solar energy conversion.
Unraveling Inter‐ and Intrachain Electronics in Polythiophene Assemblies Mediated by Coordination Nanospaces
Authors: MacLean Michael W. A. , Kitao Takashi , Suga Takeo , Mizuno Motohiro , Seki Shu , Uemura Takashi , Kitagawa Susumu 
Published: November 2015

AbstractStrong interchain interactions render unsubstituted polythiophene un‐fusible, non‐melting, and insoluble. Therefore, control of the packing structure, which has a profound effect on the optical and electronic properties of the polymer, has never been achieved. Unsubstituted polythiophene was prepared in the one‐dimensional channels of [La(1,3,5‐benzenetrisbenzoate)]n, where polymer chains form unprecedented assembly structures mediated by the host framework. It is noteworthy that the emission and carrier transport properties were drastically changed by varying the number of chains within a particular assembly. The response of the composite to additional guests is also examined as a method to use the composites as low‐concentration sensors. Our findings show that the encapsulation of polymer chains in host materials is a facile method for understanding the intrinsic properties of conjugated polymers, along with controlling and enhancing their functions.
Gold‐Catalyzed CH Annulation of Anthranils with Alkynes: A Facile, Flexible, and Atom‐Economical Synthesis of Unprotected 7‐Acylindoles
Authors: Jin Hongming , Huang Long , Xie Jin , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank , Hashmi A. Stephen K. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe gold‐catalyzed CH annulation of anthranil derivatives with alkynes offers a facile, flexible, and atom‐economical one‐step route to unprotected 7‐acylindoles. An intermediate α‐imino gold carbene, generated by an intermolecular reaction, promotes ortho‐aryl CH functionalization to afford the target products. The transformation proceeds with a broad range of substrates under mild conditions. Moreover, the obtained functionalized indole products represent a versatile platform for the construction of diverse indolyl frameworks.
Adjuvants Based on Hybrid Antibiotics Overcome Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enhance Fluoroquinolone Efficacy
Authors: Gorityala Bala Kishan , Guchhait Goutam , Fernando Dinesh M. , Deo Soumya , McKenna Sean A. , Zhanel George G. , Kumar Ayush , Schweizer Frank 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe use of adjuvants that rescue antibiotics against multidrug‐resistant (MDR) pathogens is a promising combination strategy for overcoming bacterial resistance. While the combination of β‐lactam antibiotics and β‐lactamase inhibitors has been successful in restoring antibacterial efficacy in MDR bacteria, the use of adjuvants to restore fluoroquinolone efficacy in MDR Gram‐negative pathogens has been challenging. We describe tobramycin–ciprofloxacin hybrid adjuvants that rescue the activity of fluoroquinolone antibiotics against MDR and extremely drug‐resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in vitro and enhance fluoroquinolone efficacy in vivo. Structure–activity studies reveal that the presence of both tobramycin and ciprofloxacin, which are separated by a C12 tether, is critical for the function of the adjuvant. Mechanistic studies indicate that the antibacterial modes of ciprofloxacin are retained while the role of tobramycin is limited to destabilization of the outer membrane in the hybrid.
Catalytic Asymmetric Mannich Reactions with Fluorinated Aromatic Ketones: Efficient Access to Chiral β‐Fluoroamines
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Saget Tanguy , Lerchen Andreas , Hung Chao‐I (Joey) 
Published: November 2015

AbstractReported herein is a Zn/Prophenol‐catalyzed Mannich reaction using fluorinated aromatic ketones as nucleophilic partners for the direct enantio‐ and diastereoselective construction of β‐fluoroamine motifs featuring a fluorinated tetrasubstituted carbon. The reaction can be run on a gram scale with a low catalyst loading without impacting its efficiency. Moreover, a related aldol reaction was also developed. Together, these reactions provide a new approach for the preparation of pharmaceutically relevant products possessing tetrasubstituted CF centers.
Dielectric properties of graphene–iron oxide/polyimide films with oriented graphene
Authors: Ding Ling , Liu Leipeng , Li Penggang , Lv Fengzhu , Tong Wangshu , Zhang Yihe 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThe preparation of high‐dielectric‐constant (k) materials is important in the field of electronics. However, how to effectively use the function of fillers to enhance k is still a challenge. In this study, anisotropic graphene (GNS)–iron oxide (Fe3O4)/polyimide (PI) nanocomposite films with oriented GNSs were prepared by the in situ polymerization of 4,4′‐oxydianiline and pyromellitic anhydride in the presence of GNS–Fe3O4. Films of the precursors were fabricated, and this was followed by stepwise imidization under a magnetic field at a higher temperature to orient the magnetic sheets. The orientation of GNS–Fe3O4 and the relationships of the GNS–Fe3O4 content and measurement frequency with the dielectric properties of the GNS–Fe3O4/PI films were studied in detail. The dielectric property differences of the GNS–Fe3O4/PIs with GNS–Fe3O4 parallel or perpendicular to the film surface were not obvious, when the content of GNS–Fe3O4 was lower than 5 wt %. However, at the percolation threshold, the k values of GNS–Fe3O4/PI films with horizontal GNS–Fe3O4 were much higher than those of the other two kinds of films at 103 Hz; this was derived from the contribution of more effective microcapcitors parallel to the film surface. So, making the GNS–Fe3O4 parallel to the film surface greatly enhanced k of GNS–Fe3O4. However, switching the charges on the large lateral surface of the parallel GNSs with the electric field also caused a higher dielectric loss and the frequency dependence of k and the dielectric loss at low frequency. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43041.
Characterization of p(AA‐co‐AM)/bent/urea and its swelling and slow release behavior in a simulative soil environment
Authors: Wen Peng , Wu Zhansheng , He Yanhui , Han Yajie , Tong Yanbin 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTIn this work, a novel slow release fertilizer contained 14.98% nitrogen was prepared via free radical polymerization of acrylic acid, acrylamide, and bentonite in the presence of cross‐linker (N,N′‐methylenebis acrylamide), initiator (potassium persulfate), and nutrient source (urea). The samples were analyzed using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, X‐ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis, and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller analysis. Results showed that the swelling and release behaviors were strongly dependent on the type and concentration of salt solution added to the medium, pH levels of the solutions, and temperature. Moreover, the experimental data indicated that the addition of Bent not only improved water absorbency and water retention capacities but also controlled the release of nutrients. The release kinetic simulation analysis findings showed that the release of urea was predominated by a Case II release mechanism with skeleton erosion. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43082.
Thermal and mechanical analysis of pickled and tanned cowhide: Effect of solar radiations
Authors: Nalyanya Kallen Mulilo , Rop Ronald K. , Onyuka Arthur , Migunde Peter O. , Ngumbu Richard G. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTCowhide, a natural biopolymer of collagen, forms raw material for leather, biomaterials, and food, among others. Thermal and mechanical analysis was done using dynamic mechanical analyzer. Effect of tanning and natural solar radiations on the storage modulus, tan δ, and thermal stability of pickled and tanned cowhides has been investigated in the temperature range of 30–240°C. Tanning has been shown to enhance thermal stability and storage modulus. However, tanning decreases its dissipative capability. Thermal stability of both tanned and pickled hide decreased with time of exposure to irradiation. Storage modulus dropped drastically within the initial 6 h of natural solar radiations before rising progressively with the subsequent 12, 18, and 24 h, although still lower than that for nonirradiated sample. Thermal–mechanical analysis proved to be a useful technique for assessing effect of tanning and natural solar radiations on cowhide. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43208.
A review of the Leon springs pupfish (Cyprinodon bovinus) long‐term conservation strategy and response to habitat restoration
Authors: Black Andrew N. , Snekser Jennifer L. , Al‐Shaer Layla , Paciorek Timothy , Bloch Andrew , Little Kimberly , Itzkowitz Murray 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Choosing an optimal strategy to sustain imperilled wild populations is challenging, and many methods may be implemented before reaching an effective strategy. A review of previous conservation efforts used to maintain an endangered desert pupfish (Cyprinidon bovinus) are presented here.
Conservation strategies for C. bovinus have included removal of fish hybridizing with a non‐native species, reintroduction of captive‐bred C. bovinus into their historic range, and habitat restoration and expansion. In general, these methods have successfully increased the C. bovinus population over a 15‐year period, with habitat expansion appearing to be the most critical intervention method.
Habitat restorations that increased the available breeding habitat for C. bovinus and the total number of breeding males were also associated with a downward trend in individual male reproductive behaviour.
Since habitat expansion resulted in unexpected consequences for reproductive ecology, it emphasizes the importance not only of monitoring species abundance but also of evaluating individual reproductive behaviour when implementing conservation strategies.
Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Primary skeletal muscle cells cultured on gelatin bead microcarriers develop structural and biochemical features characteristic of adult skeletal muscle
Authors: Kubis Hans‐Peter , Scheibe Renate J. , Decker Brigitte , Hufendiek Karsten , Hanke Nina , Gros Gerolf , Meissner Joachim D. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA primary skeletal muscle cell culture, in which myoblasts derived from newborn rabbit hindlimb muscles grow on gelatin bead microcarriers in suspension and differentiate into myotubes, has been established previously. In the course of differentiation and beginning spontaneous contractions, these multinucleated myotubes do not detach from their support. Here, we describe the development of the primary myotubes with respect to their ultrastructural differentiation. Scanning electron microscopy reveals that myotubes not only grow around the surface of one carrier bead but also attach themselves to neighboring carriers, forming bridges between carriers. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrates highly ordered myofibrils, T‐tubules, and sarcoplasmic reticulum. The functionality of the contractile apparatus is evidenced by contractile activity that occurs spontaneously or can be elicited by electrostimulation. Creatine kinase activity increases steadily until day 20 of culture. Regarding the expression of isoforms of myosin heavy chains (MHC), we could demonstrate that from day 16 on, no non‐adult MHC isoform mRNAs are present. Instead, on day 28 the myotubes express predominantly adult fast MHCIId/x mRNA and protein. This MHC pattern resembles that of fast muscles of adult rabbits. In contrast, primary myotubes grown on matrigel‐covered culture dishes express substantial amounts of non‐adult MHC protein even on day 21. To conclude, primary myotubes grown on microcarriers in their later stages exhibit many features of adult skeletal muscle and characteristics of fast type II fibers. Thus, the culture represents an excellent model of adult fast skeletal muscle, for example, when investigating molecular mechanisms of fast‐to‐slow fiber‐type transformation.
Dinuclear Cobalt Complexes with a Decadentate Ligand Scaffold: Hydrogen Evolution and Oxygen Reduction Catalysis
Authors: Di Giovanni Carlo , Gimbert‐Suriñach Carolina , Nippe Michael , Benet‐Buchholz Jordi , Long Jeffrey R. , Sala Xavier , Llobet Antoni 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA new decadentate dinucleating ligand containing a pyridazine bridging group and pyridylic arms has been synthesized and characterized by analytical and spectroscopic techniques. Four new dinuclear cobalt complexes featuring this ligand have been prepared and thoroughly characterized both in the solid state (X‐ray diffraction) and in solution (1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, ESI‐MS, and electrochemical techniques). The flexible but stable coordination environment provided by the ligand scaffold when coordinating Co in different oxidation states is shown to play a crucial role in the performance of the set of complexes when tested as catalysts for the photochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and chemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).
ChemInform Abstract: Order—Disorder Phase Transition in the Antiperovskite‐Type Structure of Synthetic Kogarkoite, Na3SO4F.
Authors: Avdontceva Margarita S. , Zolotarev Andrey A. , Krivovichev Sergey V. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCrystals of the title compound are prepared by evaporation of aqueous solutions of Na2SO4 and NaF at 25 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Luminescence Properties of a Novel Reddish Orange Long‐Lasting Phosphorescence Phosphor Zn2P2O7:Sm3+,Li+.
Authors: Pang Ran , Sun Wenzhi , Fu Jipeng , Li Haifeng , Jia Yonglei , Li Da , Jiang Lihong , Zhang Su , Li Chengyu 
Published: November 2015

AbstractZn1.998‐xP2O7:Sm0.002 ,Lix (x = 0.002, 0.02‐0.2) co‐doped phosphors are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of ZnO, NH4H2PO4, Li2CO3, and Sm2O3 in air (alumina crucible, 1.
ChemInform Abstract: The Isothermal Section of the Phase Diagram of Sm—Cu—Mg Ternary System at 670 K.
Authors: Marciniak Bernard , Pavlyuk Volodymyr , Rozycka‐Sokolowska Ewa , Karwowski Lukasz , Bak Zygmunt 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe title system contains seven new ternary phases, τ1‐Sm60.1Cu26.4Mg13.5, τ3‐Sm22.5Cu74.3Mg3.2, τ4‐SmCu4Mg, τ5‐SmCuMg, τ6‐SmCuMg2, τ7‐Sm81.2Cu10.3Mg8.5, and τ8‐Sm4Cu10Mg3.
ChemInform Abstract: Engineering the Electronic State of a Perovskite Electrocatalyst for Synergistically Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction.
Authors: Guo Yuqiao , Tong Yun , Chen Pengzuo , Xu Kun , Zhao Jiyin , Lin Yue , Chu Wangsheng , Peng Zhenmeng , Wu Changzheng , Xie Yi 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPristine Ca0.9Yb0.1MnO3 is prepared by calcination of a stoichiometric mixture of Yb2O3, CaCO3, and MnO2 in air (staged heating to 1300 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Reduction of Ketones Induced by a C2‐Symmetrical Chiral Hydroxyamide/Titanium(IV) Complex.
Authors: Phothongkam Supannee , Uang Biing‐Jiun 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAn in situ generated chiral titanium catalyst and catecholborane as reducing agent are employed for the reduction of ketones to give the corresponding alcohols with up to < 99% e.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Johnson—Corey—Chaykovsky Trifluoroethylidenation.
Authors: Duan Yaya , Zhou Bin , Lin Jin‐Hong , Xiao Ji‐Chang 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe reaction of aldehydes (IV) with triflate (III) leads to trifluoromethylated trans‐epoxides (V).