bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children using Day Nurseries’ Facilities can be Associated with more Risk to Nonnutritive Sucking Habits
Authors: Alves Fabiana BT , Wambier Denise S , Alvarez Jenny HA , da Rocha José CF , Kummer Thais R , de Castro Vanessa C , Cabral Howard , Kozlowski Vitoldo A 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionThis study evaluated the expression of nonnutritive sucking habits and the presence of malocclusion in children using day nurseries’ facilities.Materials and methodsThe 195 children (7–40 months) attending 18 public day nurseries were evaluated clinically in Ponta Grossa, Brazil. Statistical package software was used for descriptive, univariate, bivariate, and multiple logistic regressions of the data about the socioeconomic condition, educational family status, malocclusions, and prevalence of nonnutritive sucking habits among the children.ResultsThe pacifier users had a statistically significant, explanatory association with open bite [odds ratio (OR) = 10.97; 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.95, 24.31; p < 0.0001]. The children older than 25 months had more open bite than younger children (OR = 6.07; 95% CI: 2.81, 13.11; p < 0.0001). Of the children examined, 35.4% had an anterior open bite, 0.51% had posterior cross-bite, and 1.03% showed finger-sucking habits. A high frequency of pacifier-sucking habits was found (52%), with a significant association between this habit and anterior open bite (p < 0.0001, OR = 7.49; 95% CI: 3.71, 15.15). The 126 children without open bite (36.5%) were pacifier users. There was suggestive, though nonsignificant, evidence of a difference in pacifier use by gender (males, 34%; females, 46%; p = 0.07). The 69 children with open bite (81.16%) were pacifier users and (18.84%) nonusers. The boys showed a slightly greater association with open bite (OR = 21.33; 95% CI: 6.12, 74.40; p < 0.0001) than girls (OR = 5.03; 95% CI: 1.26, 20.00; p = 0.02) in the age group of 25 to 40 months; however, it was not observed in younger children.ConclusionPacifier use is a predictor for open bite in children from the lower socioeconomic classes using day nurseries’ facilities.Clinical significanceThe parents, guardians, and caregivers working in public day nurseries should be advised to monitor nonnutritive sucking habits in order to avoid or minimize the occurrence of malocclusion. It demonstrates that the permanence of the children in day nurseries may be linked with deleterious oral habits, and it discusses strategies to minimize the occurrence of alterations in the normal occlusion.How to cite this articleAlves FBT, Wambier DS, Alvarez JHA, da Rocha JCF, Kummer TR, de Castro VC, Cabral H, Kozlowski VA Jr. Children using Day Nurseries’ Facilities can be Associated with more Risk to Nonnutritive Sucking Habits. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(9):721-727.
A Cross-sectional Study of the Prevalence of Dental Caries among 12- to 15-year-old Overweight Schoolchildren
Authors: Ahmad Zeeshan H , Anil Sukumaran , Bhat Sham S , Hegde K Sundeep , Peedikayil Faizal C , Chandru TP 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Overweight and obesity are growing healthrelated problems worldwide, and it is currently the most prevalent nutritional disorder among children and adolescents. The objective of this study was to assess the association between overweight and dental caries among 12- to 15-year-old schoolchildren in Mangaluru district, Karnataka, India.

Materials and methods
Data were obtained from 2000 schoolgoing children aged 12 to 15 years. The children were categorized as overweight and normal-weight group by assessing the body mass index (BMI). Body mass index was categorized using the classification system given by the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) and obtained in units of kg/m2. The dental caries was assessed by detection and was performed according to decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index.

Results
Of the 2000 children examined, the mean BMI recorded was 26.87 ± 2.26 for the overweight children and 20.82 ± 1.48 for the normal-weight children. Even though the DMFT (3.90 ± 2.95) in the overweight children was slightly higher than the control group (3.36 ± 2.73), it was not statistically significant.

Conclusion
Within the confines of the present study, it can be concluded that there is no significant association between overweight and dental caries among the schoolchildren of Mangaluru district in Karnataka. Longitudinal studies are necessary to substantiate the possible relationships between dental caries and overweight in children. Knowledge of these relationships could lead to preventive health measures designed to reduce the prevalence of both obesity and dental caries.

How to cite this article
Kottayi S, Bhat SS, Hegde KS, Peedikayil FC, Chandru TP, Anil S. A Cross-sectional Study on the Prevalence of Dental Caries among 12- to 15-year-old Overweight Schoolchildren. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(9): 750-754.
Crown-root Fracture Restoration on a Patient with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Perez Edna , Behar-Horenstein Linda S , Guelmann Marcio 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Children with intellectual and physical disabilities including autism are susceptible to dental trauma as a sequela from falls due to poor muscular coordination. In addition, their altered muscle tonus often results in an open bite with labial flaring of the maxillary incisors and lip incompetence, predisposing these teeth to fractures. This case report describes an alternative approach of restoring a fractured maxillary permanent central incisor with a composite strip crown during surgical repositioning of the periodontium on an autistic patient. The prognosis of the incisor is guarded due to the probability of re-injury. However, the decision to maintain the tooth clinically was esthetically preferable in comparison to an extraction or decoronation.

How to cite this article
Perez E, Behar-Horenstein LS, Guelmann M. Crown-root Fracture Restoration on a Patient with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(9):769-773.
Comparison of Accuracy of determining the Distance between Alveolar Crest and Cementoenamel Junction in Digital Radiography with Scanora and DentalEye Software Programs
Authors: Mehdizadeh Mojdeh , Maarefat Negar , Bagherieh Shervin 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Aim
To compare the accuracy of determining the distance between alveolar crest and cementoenamel junction (CEJ) in digital radiography with two image processing software programs.

Materials and methods
In this in vitro study, 63 sites in a dried human mandible underwent digital periapical radiography. The distance from the alveolar crest to the CEJ was calculated using DentalEye and Scanora software programs and compared with the standard mode (measured on the skull). Statistical analysis was performed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and paired t-test using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 23 at α = 0.05.

Results
There were significant differences in the distances between CEJ and the alveolar crest at the mesial surfaces as measured by the three techniques in standard mode, using DentalEye and Scanora (p-value ≤0.03) softwares; however, there were no significant differences between the results on distal surfaces (p-value = 0.248).

Conclusion
Under the limitations of the present study, the measurements made to determine the distance from the CEJ to the alveolar crest with DentalEye and Scanora, relative to each other, and relative to the standard mode, were accurate only on distal surfaces of teeth.

Clinical significance
Digital dental software programs are useful assets that can enhance the diagnosing ability and reduce the need of taking extra images.

How to cite this article
Mehdizadeh M, Maarefat N, Bagherieh S. Comparison of Accuracy of determining the Distance between Alveolar Crest and Cementoenamel Junction in Digital Radiography with Scanora and DentalEye Software Programs. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(10):815-819.
Influence of Different Etching Modes on Bond Strength to Enamel using Universal Adhesive Systems
Authors: Tonetto Mateus R , Diniz Ana CS , Pinheiro Larissa M , Almeida Lauber J dos Santosh , Torres Carlos RG , Pinto Shelon CS , Tavarez Rudys R De Jesus , Firoozmand Leily M 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The adhesive systems and the techniques currently used are designed to provide a more effective adhesion with reduction of the protocol application. The objective of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of universal adhesive systems on enamel in different etching modes (self-etch and total etch).

Materials and methods
The mesial and distal halves of 52 bovine incisors, healthy, freshly extracted, were used and divided into seven experimental groups (n = 13). The enamel was treated in accordance with the following experimental conditions: FUE-Universal System – Futurabond U (VOCO) with etching; FUWE – Futurabond U (VOCO) without etching; SB-Total Etch System – Single Bond 2 (3M); SBUE-Universal System – Single Bond Universal (3M ESPE) with etching; SBUWE – Single Bond Universal (3M ESPE) without etching; CLE-Self-etch System – Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray) was applied with etching; CLWE – Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray) without etching. The specimens were made using the composite spectrum TPH (Dentsply) and stored in distilled water (37 ± 1°C) for 1 month. The microshear test was performed using the universal testing machine EMIC DL 2000 with the crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/minute. The bond strength values were analyzed using statistical tests (Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney test) with Bonferroni correction.

Results
There was no statistically significant difference between groups (p < 0.05), where FUE (36.83 ± 4.9 MPa) showed the highest bond strength values and SBUWE (18.40 ± 2.2 MPa) showed the lowest bond strength values. The analysis of adhesive interface revealed that most failures occurred between the interface composite resin and adhesive.

Conclusion
The universal adhesive system used in dental enamel varies according to the trademark, and the previous enamel etching for universal systems and the self-etch both induced greater bond strength values.

Clinical significance
Selective enamel etching prior to the application of a universal adhesive system is a relevant strategy for better performance bonding.

How to cite this article
Diniz ACS, Bandeca MC, Pinheiro LM, dos Santos Almeida LJr, Torres CRG, Borges AH, Pinto SCS, Tonetto MR, De Jesus Tavarez RR, Firoozmand LM. Influence of Different Etching Modes on Bond Strength to Enamel using Universal Adhesive Systems. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(10):820-825.
Assessment of Various Risk Factors for Success of Delayed and Immediate Loaded Dental Implants: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Kumar Sachin , Shah Aditi , Thukral Rishi , Prasant MC , Sadrani Sannishth M , Baxi Harsh 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Ever since its introduction in 1977, a minimum of few months of period is required for osseointegration to take place after dental implant surgery. With the passage of time and advancements in the fields of dental implant, this healing period is getting smaller and smaller. Immediate loading of dental implants is becoming a very popular procedure in the recent time. Hence, we retrospectively analyzed the various risk factors for the failure of delayed and immediate loaded dental implants.

Materials and methods
In the present study, retrospective analysis of all the patients was done who underwent dental implant surgeries either by immediate loading procedure or by delayed loading procedures. All the patients were divided broadly into two groups with one group containing patients in which delayed loaded dental implants were placed while other consisted of patients in whom immediate loaded dental implants were placed. All the patients in whom follow-up records were missing and who had past medical history of any systemic diseases were excluded from the present study. Evaluation of associated possible risk factors was done by classifying the predictable factors as primary and secondary factors. All the results were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Kaplan–Meier survival analyses and chisquare test were used for assessment of level of significance.

Results
In delayed and immediate group of dental implants, mean age of the patients was 54.2 and 54.8 years respectively. Statistically significant results were obtained while comparing the clinical parameters of the dental implants in both the groups while demographic parameters showed nonsignificant correlation.

Conclusion
Significant higher risk of dental implant failure is associated with immediate loaded dental implants. Tobacco smoking, shorter implant size, and other risk factors play a significant role in predicting the success and failure of dental implants.

Clinical significance
Delayed loaded dental implant placement should be preferred as they are associated with decreased risk of implant failure.

How to cite this article
Prasant MC, Thukral R, Kumar S, Sadrani SM, Baxi H, Shah A. Assessment of Various Risk Factors for Success of Delayed and Immediate Loaded Dental Implants: A Retrospective Analysis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(10):853-856.
Effects and Effectiveness of Cavity Disinfectants in Operative Dentistry: A Literature Review
Authors: Bin-Shuwaish Mohammed S 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
The degree of success in the elimination of bacteria during cavity preparation and prior to the insertion of a restoration may increase the longevity of the restoration and therefore the success of the restorative procedure. The complete eradication of bacteria in a caries-affected tooth, during cavity preparation, is considered a difficult clinical task. In addition to weakening the tooth structure, attempts to excavate extensive carious tissue completely, by only mechanical procedures, may affect the vitality of the pulp. Therefore, disinfection of the cavity preparation after caries excavation can aid in the elimination of bacterial remnants that can be responsible for recurrent caries, postoperative sensitivity, and failure of the restoration. However, the effects of disinfectants on the restorative treatment have been a major concern for dental clinicians and researchers. This review aims to explore existing literature and provide information about different materials and techniques that have been used for disinfecting cavity preparations and their effects and effectiveness in operative dentistry and, therefore, helps dental practitioners with clinical decision to use cavity disinfectants during restorative procedures. Antimicrobial effectiveness and effects on the pulp and dental restorations, in addition to possible side effects, were all reviewed in this paper.

How to cite this article
Bin-Shuwaish MS. Effects and Effectiveness of Cavity Disinfectants in Operative Dentistry: A Literature Review. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(10):867-879
Network design for quantifying urban CO2 emissions: assessing trade-offs between precision and network density
Authors: Turner Alexander J. , Shusterman Alexis A. , McDonald Brian C. , Teige Virginia , Harley Robert A. , Cohen Ronald C. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract. The majority of anthropogenic CO2 emissions are attributable to urban areas. While the emissions from urban electricity generation often occur in locations remote from consumption, many of the other emissions occur within the city limits. Evaluating the effectiveness of strategies for controlling these emissions depends on our ability to observe urban CO2 emissions and attribute them to specific activities. Cost-effective strategies for doing so have yet to be described. Here we characterize the ability of a prototype measurement network, modeled after the Berkeley Atmospheric CO2 Observation Network (BEACO2N) in California's Bay Area, in combination with an inverse model based on the coupled Weather Research and Forecasting/Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport (WRF-STILT) to improve our understanding of urban emissions. The pseudo-measurement network includes 34 sites at roughly 2 km spacing covering an area of roughly 400 km2. The model uses an hourly 1  ×  1 km2 emission inventory and 1  ×  1 km2 meteorological calculations. We perform an ensemble of Bayesian atmospheric inversions to sample the combined effects of uncertainties of the pseudo-measurements and the model. We vary the estimates of the combined uncertainty of the pseudo-observations and model over a range of 20 to 0.005 ppm and vary the number of sites from 1 to 34. We use these inversions to develop statistical models that estimate the efficacy of the combined model–observing system in reducing uncertainty in CO2 emissions. We examine uncertainty in estimated CO2 fluxes on the urban scale, as well as for sources embedded within the city such as a line source (e.g., a highway) or a point source (e.g., emissions from the stacks of small industrial facilities). Using our inversion framework, we find that a dense network with moderate precision is the preferred setup for estimating area, line, and point sources from a combined uncertainty and cost perspective. The dense network considered here (modeled after the BEACO2N network with an assumed mismatch error of 1 ppm at an hourly temporal resolution) could estimate weekly CO2 emissions from an urban region with less than 5 % error, given our characterization of the combined observation and model uncertainty.
Why do models overestimate surface ozone in the Southeast United States?
Authors: Travis Katherine R. , Jacob Daniel J. , Fisher Jenny A. , Kim Patrick S. , Marais Eloise A. , Zhu Lei , Yu Karen , Miller Christopher C. , Yantosca Robert M. , Sulprizio Melissa P. , Thompson Anne M. , Wennberg Paul O. , Crounse John D. , St. Clair Jason M. , Cohen Ronald C. , Laughner Joshua L. , Dibb Jack E. , Hall Samuel R. , Ullmann Kirk , Wolfe Glenn M. , Pollack Illana B. , Peischl Jeff , Neuman Jonathan A. , Zhou Xianliang 
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Ozone pollution in the Southeast US involves complex chemistry driven by emissions of anthropogenic nitrogen oxide radicals (NOx  ≡  NO + NO2) and biogenic isoprene. Model estimates of surface ozone concentrations tend to be biased high in the region and this is of concern for designing effective emission control strategies to meet air quality standards. We use detailed chemical observations from the SEAC4RS aircraft campaign in August and September 2013, interpreted with the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model at 0.25°  ×  0.3125° horizontal resolution, to better understand the factors controlling surface ozone in the Southeast US. We find that the National Emission Inventory (NEI) for NOx from the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is too high. This finding is based on SEAC4RS observations of NOx and its oxidation products, surface network observations of nitrate wet deposition fluxes, and OMI satellite observations of tropospheric NO2 columns. Our results indicate that NEI NOx emissions from mobile and industrial sources must be reduced by 30–60 %, dependent on the assumption of the contribution by soil NOx emissions. Upper-tropospheric NO2 from lightning makes a large contribution to satellite observations of tropospheric NO2 that must be accounted for when using these data to estimate surface NOx emissions. We find that only half of isoprene oxidation proceeds by the high-NOx pathway to produce ozone; this fraction is only moderately sensitive to changes in NOx emissions because isoprene and NOx emissions are spatially segregated. GEOS-Chem with reduced NOx emissions provides an unbiased simulation of ozone observations from the aircraft and reproduces the observed ozone production efficiency in the boundary layer as derived from a regression of ozone and NOx oxidation products. However, the model is still biased high by 6 ± 14 ppb relative to observed surface ozone in the Southeast US. Ozonesondes launched during midday hours show a 7 ppb ozone decrease from 1.5 km to the surface that GEOS-Chem does not capture. This bias may reflect a combination of excessive vertical mixing and net ozone production in the model boundary layer.
Anthropogenically induced environmental changes in the northeastern
Adriatic Sea in the last 500 years (Panzano Bay, Gulf of Trieste)
Authors: Vidović Jelena , Nawrot Rafał , Gallmetzer Ivo , Haselmair Alexandra , Tomašových Adam , Stachowitsch Michael , Ćosović Vlasta , Zuschin Martin 
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Shallow and sheltered marine embayments in urbanized areas are prone to the accumulation of pollutants, but little is known about the historical baselines of such marine ecosystems. Here we study foraminiferal assemblages, geochemical proxies and sedimentological data from 1.6 m long sediment cores to uncover  ∼  500 years of anthropogenic pressure from mining, port and industrial activities in the Gulf of Trieste, Italy. From 1600 to 1900 AD, normalized element concentrations and foraminiferal assemblages point to negligible effects of agricultural activities. The only significant anthropogenic activity during this period was mercury mining in the hinterlands of the gulf, releasing high amounts of mercury into the bay and significantly exceeding the standards on the effects of trace elements on benthic organisms. Nonetheless, the fluctuations in the concentrations of mercury do not correlate with changes in the composition and diversity of foraminiferal assemblages due to its non-bioavailability. Intensified agricultural and maricultural activities in the first half of the 20th century caused slight nutrient enrichment and a minor increase in foraminiferal diversity. Intensified port and industrial activities in the second half of 20th century increased the normalized trace element concentrations and persistent organic pollutants (PAH, PCB) in the topmost part of the core. This increase caused only minor changes in the foraminiferal community because foraminifera in Panzano Bay have a long history of adaptation to elevated trace element concentrations. Our study underlines the importance of using an integrated, multidisciplinary approach in reconstructing the history of environmental and anthropogenic changes in marine systems. Given the prolonged human impacts in coastal areas like the Gulf of Trieste, such long-term baseline data are crucial for interpreting the present state of marine ecosystems.