bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Spray Distance on the Hot Corrosion Behavior of HVOF‐Sprayed NiCrAlY Coatings in a Simulated Gas Turbine Environment
Authors: Jafarzadeh Kourosh , hassan Somayyeh Sharif , Valefi Zia , Hosseini Seyed Hojatollah , Abbasi Hadiseh Mazhari , Ramezani Saeid Taghi 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTTo utilize the unique properties of coatings produced using the high‐velocity oxy‐fuel (HVOF) method, this study examined the effect of spray distance on the hot corrosion behavior of NiCrAlY coatings deposited on a steel substrate. The coating samples were obtained at spray distances of 20, 25, and 30 cm. The flow rates of oxygen and propane were maintained constant at 300 and 60 lit/min, respectively. Additionally, the powder feeding rate was 32 g/min. The samples were then subjected to the hot corrosion test in a salt mixture of Na2SO4−60% V2O5 at 900°C in an ambient atmosphere. The surface and the cross section of the samples were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the chemical composition of different sections was determined by energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The phases were also characterized using X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The best corrosion resistance was found in the sample coating formed at a spraying distance of 20 cm, as the results showed that increasing the spraying distance led to a reduction in the thermal and kinetic energy of the flame, resulting in increased porosity in the coating. This behavior can be attributed to the low oxide content of the coating, the higher aluminum content, and the richer NiAl phase, which serves as a reservoir for aluminum.
Influence of castor oil‐derived bio‐resin on mechanical and visco‐elastic properties of dynamic covalent imine bond based epoxy and its composite
Authors: Sankar Lal Sathyaraj , Kannan Sekar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe widespread use of thermoset composites has raised significant environmental and economic concerns due to their non‐recyclable nature. This study addresses these issues by developing vitrimers and their composites featuring dynamic imine bonds synthesized from vanillin, 3,3′‐dimethyl‐4,4′‐diaminodicyclohexylmethane, and epoxy. To enhance toughness and bio‐content in the vitrimer and its composites, a green reactive monomer, epoxy methyl ricinoleate (EMR), was synthesized via the transesterification of epoxidized castor oil (ECO) and incorporated as the reactive diluent. The effect of EMR on bio‐resin mechanical, thermo‐mechanical, and relaxation times (τ) of the vitrimer was examined. The inclusion of EMR reduced the relaxation time, indicating improved dynamic bond exchange efficiency. EMR incorporation decreased the relaxation time, suggesting enhanced efficiency in the interchange of dynamic bonds. In addition, the incorporation of 20% EMR increased the impact strength of the epoxy vitrimer by 37.8%. The study also details the manufacturing and characterization of greener composites made with these vitrimers and flax fabric, which were evaluated for various mechanical and thermo‐mechanical properties. Morphological analysis using a scanning electron microscope revealed good interfacial adhesion between the fiber and matrix. Furthermore, the flax fiber vitrimer‐based composite demonstrated effective chemical recyclability. The results indicate that these composites possess mechanical and thermal‐mechanical properties well‐suited for lightweight engineering applications.Highlights
Recyclable vitrimers were developed from vanillin and epoxy.
Toughness and bio‐content were enhanced by adding EMR.
Relaxation time was reduced by EMR, improving bond exchange efficiency.
Epoxy vitrimer impact strength was increased by 37.8% with 20% EMR.
Green composites with vitrimers and flax fabric were manufactured.
An Adaptive Three‐Arm Comparative Clinical Endpoint Bioequivalence Study Design With Unblinded Sample Size Re‐Estimation and Optimized Allocation Ratio
Authors: Hinds David , Sun Wanjie 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTA three‐arm comparative clinical endpoint bioequivalence (BE) study is often used to establish bioequivalence (BE) between a locally acting generic drug (T) and reference drug (R), where superiority needs to be established for T and R over Placebo (P) and equivalence needs to be established for T vs. R. Sometimes, when study design parameters are uncertain, a fixed design study may be under‐ or over‐powered and result in study failure or unnecessary cost. In this paper, we propose a two‐stage adaptive clinical endpoint BE study with unblinded sample size re‐estimation, standard or maximum combination method, optimized allocation ratio, optional re‐estimation of the effect size based on likelihood estimation, and optional re‐estimation of the R and P treatment means at interim analysis, which have not been done previously. Our proposed method guarantees control of Type 1 error rate analytically. It helps to reduce the average sample size when the original fixed design is overpowered and increases the sample size and power when the original study and group sequential design are under‐powered. Our proposed adaptive design can help generic drug sponsors cut cost and improve success rate, making clinical study endpoint BE studies more affordable and more generic drugs accessible to the public.
Nucleus‐Spike 3D Hierarchical Superstructures via a Lecithin‐Mediated Biomineralization Approach
Authors: Rui Jiaxin , Wu Tingting , Zhang Zhiwei , Lu Wei , Shi Xuzhi , Liu Ying , Han Xiaolin , Dang Meng , Su Xiaodan , Teng Zhaogang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract3D hierarchical superstructures (3DHSs) are key products of nature's evolution and have raised wide interest. However, the preparation of 3DHSs composed of building blocks with different structures is rarely reported, and regulating their structural parameters is challenging. Herein, a simple lecithin‐mediated biomineralization approach is reported for the first time to prepare gold 3DHSs composed of 0D nucleus and 1D protruding dendritic spikes. It is demonstrated that a hydrophobic complex by coordination of disulfiram (DSF) with a share of chloroauric acid is the key to forming the 3DHSs. Under the lecithin mediation, chloroauric acid is first reduced to form the 0D nucleus, followed by the spike growth through the reduction of the hydrophobic complex. The prepared 3DHSs possess well‐defined morphology with a spike length of ≈95 nm. Notably, the hierarchical spike density is systematically manipulated from 38.9% to 74.3% by controlling DSF concentrations. Moreover, the spike diameter is regulated from 9.2 to 12.9 nm by selecting different lecithin concentrations to tune the biomineralization process. Finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) simulations reveal that the spikes form “hot spots”. The dense spike structure endows the 3DHSs with sound performance in surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) applications.
Influence of diagonal reinforcement in grouted vertical joints between precast concrete wall panels, part I: Experimental investigation
Authors: Biswal Aparup , Prasad A. Meher , Sengupta Amlan Kumar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMulti‐storeyed buildings are constructed using precast concrete large panels. Although the resistance to lateral loads during an earthquake can be provided by the walls, the vertical joints between the panels remain the weak links. Conventionally, a grouted vertical joint between precast panels is achieved using minimum number of overlapping transverse horizontal U‐bars or looped wire ropes from the adjacent panels, with a holder bar at the overlap, and subsequent grouting of the gap. It was observed that under in‐plane lateral loads, the shear behavior of such joints, especially those with looped wire ropes, is brittle. This paper presents a study to improve the behavior of conventional joints by introducing diagonal reinforcement (DR). Toward this, 13 specimens were tested under monotonic loading and 2 specimens were tested under quasi‐static cyclic loading. The parameters investigated were the types of transverse joint reinforcement, types and strengths of diagonal reinforcement. The compressive strengths of panel concrete and joint grout were kept similar to industry practice. The specimens with DR showed substantial increase of the shear strength and load retention beyond the peak. The presence of conventional transverse joint reinforcement in addition to DR, increases the retention capacity of the joint. Thus, the behavior of a joint with DR was found to be stronger and more ductile.
Enhancing precision in 3D printing for highly functional printing with high-speed vision
Authors: Wang Taohan , Yamakawa Yuji 
Published: October 2024

Abstract3D printing has revolutionized product design and manufacturing across various industries by enabling the creation of complex geometries with minimal waste. Despite its advancements, 3D printing still faces significant challenges, including spatial constraints and process control limitations. This paper introduces novel approaches to improve the functionality and precision of material extrusion 3D printers for the fused deposition modeling method, particularly for additional printing tasks such as printing on existing objects or continuing a print on a relocated object without prior knowledge of its position or even the environment is changed. We introduce a compensation system integrating a high-speed vision system for robot arms to address these challenges. Our system employs a three-step pose estimation process—fast point feature histograms (FPFH)-based, corner-based, and sub-pixel edge-based methods—to ensure high accuracy in restoring the position of printed pieces for additional printing tasks on a given object. Experimental results demonstrate substantial improvements in printing precision, with the system achieving sub-millimeter and sub-pixel accuracy. These advancements not only eliminate work area constraints but also enhance the adaptability and reliability of 3D printing processes.
Proprioception and its relationship with range of motion in hypermobile and normal mobile children
Authors: Ituen Oluwakemi A. , Smits-Engelsman Bouwien , Ferguson Gillian , Duysens Jacques 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo investigate differences in proprioception using four proprioceptive tests in children with and without hypermobility. Additionally, it was tested if the results on one proprioceptive test predict the results on the other tests. Of the children (8-11years), 100 were classified as normal mobile (Beighton score 0–4) and 50 as hypermobile (Beighton score 5–9). To test proprioception, in the upper extremity the unilateral and bilateral joint position reproduction tasks were used and for the lower extremity the loaded and unloaded wedges task. No differences were found in any of the proprioception tests between the two groups. Estimating the height of the wedges was easier in the loaded position (mean penalty in standing and sitting position, 4.78 and 6.19, respectively). Recalling the elbow position in the same arm resulted in smaller errors compared to tasks reproducing the position with the contralateral arm. Of the four angles used (110°, 90°, 70°, 50°), the position recall in the 90° angle had the smallest position error (1.8°). Correlations between the proprioception tests were weak (Loaded and Unloaded (r 0. 28); Uni and Bilateral (r 0.39), Upper and Lower extremity not significant). No indication of poorer proprioception was found in children with hypermobile joints compared to their normal mobile peers. Loading gives extra information that leads to fewer errors in the wedges task performed while standing, but this effect is independent of joint mobility. Proprioception test outcomes are dependent on the test used; upper extremity results do not predict lower extremity outcomes or vice versa.
Apneic uptake of atmospheric O2 by deeply hypothermic nestlings of the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus): circulation and lungs
Authors: Hill Richard W. , Manteuffel Jacob J. , White Bradley A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Nestling white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) are born in the earliest days of spring in cold climates. If the nestlings are by accident exposed to ambient temperatures near freezing (0–7 °C) at early ages (2–10 days old), they may experience body temperatures (T
bs) equally low. During such hypothermia, although their heart keeps beating, they become apneic (cease inhaling and exhaling). However, they have an exceptional ability (e.g., compared to Mus musculus) to tolerate these conditions for at least several hours, after which they revive if rewarmed by parents. This paper addresses the physiology of the apneic period. We show that apneic, hypothermic nestlings undergo physiologically important exchanges of gases with the atmosphere. These gas exchanges do not occur across the skin. Instead they occur via the trachea and lungs even though the animals are apneic. Most significantly, when hypothermic neonates are in apnea in ordinary air, they take up O2 steadily from the atmosphere throughout the apneic period, and the evidence available indicates that this O2 uptake is essential for the nestlings’ survival. At T
bs of 2–7 °C, the nestlings’ rate of O2 consumption varies quasi-exponentially with T
b and averages 0.04 mL O2 g− 1 h− 1, closely similar to the rate expressed by adult mammalian hibernators in hibernation at similar T
bs. Morphometric analysis indicates that, at all focal ages, O2 transport along the full length of the trachea can take place by diffusion at rates adequate to meet the measured rates of metabolic O2 consumption.
Daily Challenges and Resources of Adults with Chronic Dysphagia: A Qualitative Investigation
Authors: Ninfa Aurora , Morandi Giulia , Schindler Antonio , Delle Fave Antonella 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIdentifying and addressing daily challenges and resources associated with chronic oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) is a pivotal, though still neglected component of person-centred care, yet overlooked in research studies. To investigate these dimensions, 25 Italian adults with chronic OD due to cancer or neurodegenerative diseases participated in semi-structured interviews, designed following a modified framework analysis approach. Two researchers independently transcribed and coded interviews, elaborated a working analytical framework, indexed and charted the data, solving discrepancies through negotiated agreement and discussion with a third researcher. Proportion agreement on extracted quotations was calculated. Overall, 457 quotations were extracted from the interviews (88% agreement). Daily challenges pertained to physical, practical, and social domains; most participants reported OD-related problems; almost half mentioned care needs and obstacles in using healthcare services. Concerning resources in OD management, most participants referred to problem-focused and meaning-focused coping strategies, personal capabilities, and support from family and healthcare services. Finally, almost half of the participants reported OD-related changes in life view and meaning. Findings suggest that adjusting to OD implies challenges and resource mobilization in different life domains. Future studies should longitudinally elucidate the dynamics of positive adjustment, to promote patient-centred OD care based on individually perceived needs and challenges, and to inform healthcare policies.
Predicting criminal offence in adolescents who exhibit antisocial behaviour: a machine learning study using data from a large randomised controlled trial of multisystemic therapy
Authors: Suh Jae Won , Saunders Rob , Simes Elizabeth , Delamain Henry , Butler Stephen , Cottrell David , Kraam Abdullah , Scott Stephen , Goodyer Ian M , Wason James , Pilling Stephen , Fonagy Peter 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Accurate prediction of short-term offending in young people exhibiting antisocial behaviour could support targeted interventions. Here we develop a set of machine learning (ML) models that predict offending status with good accuracy; furthermore, we show interpretable ML analyses can complement models to inform clinical decision-making.

Methods
This study included 679 individuals aged 11–17 years who displayed moderate-to-severe antisocial behaviour, from a controlled trial of Multisystemic-therapy in England. The outcome was any criminal offence in the 18 months after study baseline. Four types of ML algorithms were trained: logistic regression, elastic net regression, random forest, and gradient boosting machine (GBM). Prediction models were developed (1) using predictors readily available to clinicians (e.g. sociodemographics, previous convictions), and (2) with additional information (e.g. parenting). Model agnostic feature importance values were calculated and the most important predictors identified. Nested cross-validation with 100 iterations of random data splits and 10-fold cross-validation within each iteration was employed, and the average predictive performance was reported.

Results
Among the ML models using readily available predictors, the GBM is the strongest model (AUC 0.85, 95% CI 0.85–0.86); the other models have average AUCs of 0.82. This performance was better than using only the total number of previous offences as the predictor (0.67, 0.66–0.68), and the model simply assuming past offending status as the prediction (0.81, 0.80–0.81). Additional predictors slightly increased the performance of logistic regression and random forest models but decreased the performance of elastic net regression and gradient boosting machine-based models.

Conclusion
The potential utility of ML approaches for accurately predicting criminal offences in high-risk youth is demonstrated. Interpretable ML-based predictive models could be utilised in youth services or research to help develop and deliver effective interventions.
Quantification of blood and CSF volume to predict outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Booker James , Zolnourian Ardalan , Street James , Arora Mukul , Pandit Anand S , Toma Ahmed , Wu Chieh-Hsi , Galea Ian , Bulters Diederik 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to describe the relationship between blood and CSF volumes in different compartments on baseline CT after aSAH, assess if they independently predict long-term outcome, and explore their interaction with age. CT scans from patients participating in a prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial of patients with aSAH were segmented for blood and CSF volumes. The primary outcomes were the mRS, and the Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Outcome Tool (SAHOT) at day 28 and 180. Univariate regressions were conducted to identify significant predictors of poor outcomes, followed by principal component analysis to explore correlations between imaging variables and WFNS. A multivariate predictive model was then developed and optimized using stepwise regression. CT scans from 97 patients with a median delay from symptom onset of 271 min (131–547) were analyzed. Univariate analysis showed only WFNS, and total blood volume (TBV) were significant predictors of both short and long-term outcome with WFNS more predictive of mRS and TBV more predictive of SAHOT. Principal component analysis showed strong dependencies between the imaging predictors. Multivariate ordinal regression showed models with WFNS alone were most predictive of day 180 mRS and models with TBV alone were most predictive of SAHOT. TBV was the most significant measured imaging predictor of poor long-term outcome after aSAH. All these imaging predictors are correlated, however, and may have multiple complex interactions necessitating larger datasets to detect if they provide any additional predictive value for long-term outcome.
The Case for Referential Quantifier Phrases
Authors: Capuano Antonio 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper, I argue that the referential/attributive distinction that Donnellan introduced for definite descriptions applies to other quantifiers phrases as well. Furthermore, I argue that the referential use of some quantifier phrases is as standard and conventional as the referential use of definite descriptions. This supports the idea that the referential use of some quantifier phrases is a semantic rather than a pragmatic phenomenon.
The Impact of Long COVID on Employment and Well-Being: A Qualitative Study of Patient Perspectives
Authors: MacEwan Sarah R. , Rahurkar Saurabh , Tarver Willi L. , Eiterman Leanna Perez , Melnyk Halia , Olvera Ramona G. , Eramo Jennifer L. , Teuschler Lauren , Gaughan Alice A. , Rush Laura J. , Stanwick Stacy , Burpee Susan Bowman , McConnell Erin , Schamess Andrew , McAlearney Ann Scheck 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Exploring the experiences of Long COVID patients who face challenges with employment may inform improvements in how healthcare systems can provide holistic care for this patient population.

Objective
Understand perspectives about the impact of Long COVID on employment and well-being among patients seeking healthcare for Long COVID.

Design
Qualitative study involving one-on-one interviews.

Participants
Eligible participants were 18 years of age or older, spoke English, self-reported as doing well in daily life before having COVID-19, and reported that COVID-19 was still having a significant impact on their life three or more months following an acute infection.

Approach
Participants were recruited from a post-COVID recovery clinic at an academic medical center. Interviews were conducted from August to September 2022.

Key Results
Among all participants (N = 21), most described that they were not able to work at a capacity equivalent to their norm pre-COVID-19. For those who continued working after their COVID-19 infection, the effort and energy required for work left little capacity to participate in other life activities and made it difficult to attend recommended healthcare appointments. Participants reported financial impacts of changes in employment including loss of income and changes in insurance, which were compounded by high healthcare costs. Changes in employment resulted in emotional repercussions including feelings of loss of self-identity and fear of judgement at work. Participants discussed issues surrounding access to strategies to address challenges posed by the impact of Long COVID on employment, including strategies learned from healthcare providers to cope with Long COVID symptoms at work and efforts to seek disability benefits or workplace accommodations.

Conclusions
Patients with Long COVID may face significant challenges due to changes in their ability to work. Healthcare providers can support these patients by connecting them to financial assistance resources, facilitating appropriate mental health treatment, and expediting workplace accommodation requests.