bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HEMS dispatch: A systematic review
Authors: Eaton Georgette , Brown Simon , Raitt James 
Published: July 2017

Introduction Helicopter emergency medical services dispatch is a contentious issue in modern prehospital services. Whilst the link between helicopter emergency medical services and improved patient outcome is well evidenced, allocation to the most appropriate incidents remains problematic. It is unclear which model of deployment is the most efficient at targeting major trauma and whether this can be improved with a change in dispatch process. The objective of this study was to have an overview of the evidence for dispatch models of helicopter emergency medical services to critically ill or injured patients. Methods This systematic review was conducted in accordance with a protocol developed from the PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and the Cochrane library were searched focusing on keywords involving dispatch of helicopter emergency medical services resources. Results Ninety-seven articles were screened and 14 articles were eligible for inclusion. Most were of low quality, with three of moderate quality. Heterogeneity in the methodology of included articles precluded meta-analysis, so a narrative review was performed. Conclusions This review demonstrates the lack of evidence surrounding helicopter emergency medical services dispatch models. Whilst it is not possible to identify a method of dispatch that will optimize helicopter emergency medical services allocation, common themes within the literature indicate that helicopter emergency medical services use is region specific and dispatch criteria should be designed to match specific systems. Additionally, mechanism of injury as well as physiological data from scene was shown to be the most accurate indicator for helicopter emergency medical services attendance.
Genetic Biopsy for Prediction of Surveillance Intervals after Endoscopic Resection of Colonic Polyps: Results of the GENESIS Study
Authors: Berger Andreas W , Raedler Katja , Langner Cord , Ludwig Leopold , Dikopoulos Nektarios , Becker Karl F , Slotta‐Huspenina Julia , Quante Michael , Schwerdel Daniel , Perkhofer Lukas , Kleger Alexander , Zizer Eugen , Oswald Franz , Seufferlein Thomas , Meining Alexander 
Published: July 2017

Background and objectiveCurrent surveillance strategies for colorectal cancer following polypectomy are determined by endoscopic and histopathological factors. Such a distinction has been challenged. The present study was designed to identify molecular parameters in colonic polyps potentially defining new sub‐groups at risk.MethodsOne hundred patients were enrolled in this multicentre study. Polyps biopsies underwent formalin‐free processing (PAXgene, PreAnalytiX) and targeted next generation sequencing (38 genes (QIAGEN), NextSeq 500 platform (Illumina)). Genetic and histopathological analyses were done blinded to other data.ResultsIn 100 patients, 224 polyps were removed. Significant associations of genetic alterations with endoscopic or histological polyp characteristics were observed for BRAF, KRAS, TCF7L2, FBXW7 and CTNNB1 mutations. Multivariate analysis revealed that polyps ≥ 10 mm have a significant higher relative risk for harbouring oncogene mutations (relative risk 3.467 (1.742–6.933)). Adenomas and right‐sided polyps are independent risk factors for CTNNB1 mutations (relative risk 18.559 (2.371–145.245) and 12.987 (1.637–100.00)).ConclusionsAssessment of the mutational landscape of polyps can be integrated in the workflow of current colonoscopy practice. There are distinct genetic patterns related to polyp size and location. These results suffice to optimise individual risk calculation and may help to better define surveillance intervals.
The Use of Vacuum Dressings for Dead Space Management in Deep Surgical Site Infections Allows Implant and Bone Graft Retention
Authors: Watt James P. , Dunn Robert N. 
Published: July 2017

Study Design: Retrospective, descriptive study. Objectives: Managing early surgical site infection following elective lumbar spine surgery remains a challenge with controversy regarding retention of instrumentation and bone graft. Wound closure may also pose considerable challenges. We aim to report on our method of managing deep surgical site infections complicating elective spine surgery with surgeon assembled deep vacuum dressings. Identification of causative organisms with their sensitivities was a secondary objective. Methods: Patients were identified from a prospectively maintained, single-surgeon database from 2003-2015. Patients who had an infective or trauma related diagnosis, cervical procedures, and were younger than 18 years were excluded. Records were reviewed to identify bacteriology, laboratory tests performed, antibiotics administered, and type and frequency of surgical management. One thousand two hundred twenty patients qualified for inclusion, with 19 identified as having developed acute wound sepsis. Results: All patients had surgical debridement on the day of presentation and the majority of wounds were managed with a vacuum dressing. In all but 1 patient was instrumentation retained. Specimens for culture were taken at each debridement and antibiotics changed accordingly. Patients received a minimum 6 weeks of antibiotics. Conclusions: The management of deep surgical site infection is labor intensive and frustrating for both surgeon and patient due to the unexpected prolonged admission. Management goals are identification and eradication of the causative organism with subsequent healing of the surgical wound. This process is enhanced with the use of negative-suction dressings made from theatre stock replaced at regular intervals and allows retention of bone graft and instrumentation in the majority of cases.
Is There a Patient Profile That Characterizes a Patient With Adult Spinal Deformity as a Candidate for Minimally Invasive Surgery?
Authors: Eastlack Robert K. , Mundis Gregory M. , Wang Michael , Mummaneni Praveen V. , Uribe Juan , Okonkwo David , Akbarnia Behrooz A. , Anand Neel , Kanter Adam , Park Paul , Lafage Virginie , Shaffrey Christopher , Fessler Richard , Deviren Vedat ,   International Spine Study Group
Published: July 2017

Study Design: Retrospective review. Objectives: The goal of this study was to evaluate the baseline characteristics of patients chosen to undergo traditional open versus minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for adult spinal deformity (ASD). Methods: A multicenter review of 2 databases including ASD patients treated with surgery. Inclusion criteria were age >45 years, Cobb angle minimum of 20°, and minimum 2-year follow-up. Preoperative radiographic parameters and disability outcome measures were reviewed. Results: A total of 350 patients were identified: 173 OPEN patients and 177 MIS. OPEN patients were significantly younger than MIS patients (61.5 years vs 63.74 years, P = .013). The OPEN group had significantly more females (87% vs 76%, P = .006), but both groups had similar body mass index. Preoperative lumbar Cobb was significantly higher for the OPEN group (34.2°) than for the MIS group (26.0°, P < .001). The mean preoperative Oswestry Disability Index was significantly higher in the MIS group (44.8 in OPEN patients and 49.8 in MIS patients, P < .011). The preoperative Numerical Rating Scale value for back pain was 7.2 in the OPEN group and 6.8 in the MIS group preoperatively, P = .100. Conclusions: Patients chosen for MIS for ASD are slightly older and have smaller coronal deformities than those chosen for open techniques, but they did not have a substantially lesser degree of sagittal malalignment. MIS surgery was most frequently utilized for patients with an sagittal vertical axis under 6 cm and a baseline pelvic incidence and lumbar lordosis mismatch under 30°.
Comparing the 5-Year Health State Utility Value of Cervical Disc Replacement and Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
Authors: McAnany Steven J. , Merrill Robert K. , Brochin Robert L. , Overley Samuel C. , Kim Jun S. , Qureshi Sheeraz A. 
Published: July 2017

Study Design: Health utility analysis. Objectives: To determine the health state utility (HSU) of 1- and 2-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and cervical disc replacement (CDR). Methods: Data from the Medtronic Prestige Cervical Disc investigational device exemption studies was used. Four groups were defined: 1-level ACDF, 1-level CDR, 2-level ACDF, and 2-level CDR. The 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) was collected at baseline, 12 months, 24 months, 36 months, and 60 months postoperatively and converted into utility scores for each time point. A repeated-measures 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to detect differences among groups. Tukey’s method for multiple comparisons was used to determine which means within the groups were statistically different ( P < .05). Results: We found a statistically significant difference in HSU among groups as determined by repeated-measures 1-way ANOVA ( P = .0008). Post hoc analysis indicated that 1-level ACDF had a statistically lower utility score compared with 1- and 2-level CDR ( P = .04 and P = .02, respectively). Similarly, 2-level ACDF had lower utility values compared with 2-level CDR ( P = .010). One-level ACDF utility values were not different from 2-level ACDF values ( P = .55). Similarly, 1-level CDR and 2-level CDR did not have different utility values ( P = .67). Conclusions: Overall, CDR had higher health state utility scores for 1- and 2-level procedures at every time point. This study indicates that CDR results in a higher postoperative health utility state than ACDF, and may therefore be an effective alternative to ACDF for treating degenerative conditions of the cervical spine.
Effectiveness and safety of standardised shorter regimens for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: individual patient data and aggregate data meta-analyses
Authors: Ahmad Khan Faiz , Salim M.A. Hamid , du Cros Philipp , Casas Esther C. , Khamraev Atajan , Sikhondze Welile , Benedetti Andrea , Bastos Mayara , Lan Zhiyi , Jaramillo Ernesto , Falzon Dennis , Menzies Dick 
Published: July 2017

We assessed the effectiveness and safety of standardised, shorter multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) regimens by pooling data from observational studies.Published studies were identified from medical databases; unpublished studies were identified from expert consultation. We conducted aggregate data meta-analyses to estimate pooled proportions of treatment outcomes and individual patient data (IPD) meta-regression to identify risk factors for unsuccessful treatment in patients treated with 9- to 12-month MDR-TB regimens composed of a second-line injectable, gatifloxacin/moxifloxacin, prothionamide, clofazimine, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol.We included five studies in which 796 out of 1279 (62.2%) individuals with confirmed MDR-TB (98.4%) or rifampin-resistant TB (1.6%), and not previously exposed to second-line drugs, were eligible for shorter regimens. 669 out of 796 participants were successfully treated (83.0%, 95% CI 71.9–90.3%). In IPD meta-regression (three studies, n=497), failure/relapse was associated with fluoroquinolone resistance (crude OR 46, 95% CI 8–273), pyrazinamide resistance (OR 8, 95% CI 2–38) and no culture conversion by month 2 of treatment (OR 7, 95% CI 3–202). Two participants acquired extensive drug resistance. Four studies reported grade 3 or 4 adverse events in 55 out of 304 (18.1%) participants.Shorter regimens were effective in treating MDR-TB; however, there is uncertainty surrounding the generalisability of the high rate of treatment success to less selected populations, to programmatic settings and in the absence of drug susceptibility tests to key component drugs.
Risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism in COPD patients: results from a prospective cohort study
Authors: Le Mao Raphael , Tromeur Cécile , Bazire Amélie , Gouillou Maelenn , Guegan Marie , Lacut Karine , Delluc Aurélien , Mottier Dominique , Leroyer Christophe , Couturaud Francis 
Published: July 2017

We aimed to assess the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) following cessation of anticoagulation therapy.In a prospective cohort of 1468 patients with a documented episode of VTE, followed for up to 5 years after cessation of anticoagulation therapy, the diagnosis of COPD was confirmed in 136. The main outcome was recurrent VTE. The secondary outcome was overall mortality. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the risk factors of recurrence.Of the 1468 patients included, recurrent VTE was observed in 306 (34 with COPD and 272 without) during a median follow-up period of 36.5 months. The incidence rate of recurrent VTE was 9.1% (95% CI 6.5–12.8) for COPD patients and 7.0% (95% CI 6.2–7.9) for non-COPD patients. COPD was not associated with an increased risk of VTE recurrence on univariate or multivariate analyses (hazard ratio: 1.0 (95% CI 0.7–1.4)). The risk of death, adjusted for demographic and clinical characteristics, showed no increase in COPD patients, as compared to non-COPD patients.In patients with COPD who had an acute episode of VTE, the risk of recurrent VTE was not any higher than that in non-COPD patients.
Excess economic burden of comorbidities in COPD: a 15-year population-based study
Authors: Chen Wenjia , FitzGerald J. Mark , Sin Don D. , Sadatsafavi Mohsen 
Published: July 2017

A better understanding of the true burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) needs to consider the implications of comorbidities. This study comprehensively examined the impact of comorbidities on excess direct medical costs in COPD patients.From health administrative data in British Columbia, Canada (1996–2012), we created a propensity-score-matched cohort of incident COPD patients and individuals without COPD. Health services use records were compiled into 16 major disease categories based on International Classification of Diseases codes. Excess costs (in 2015 Canadian dollars and converted to 2015 Euros; CAD1.000=EUR 0.706) were estimated as the adjusted difference in direct medical costs between the two groups.The sample included 128 424 subjects in each group. COPD patients generated excess costs of CAD5196/EUR3668 per person-year (95% CI CAD3540–8529), of which 26% was attributable to COPD itself and 51% was attributable to comorbidities (the remaining 23% could not be attributed to any specific condition). The major cost driver was excess hospitalisation costs. The largest components of comorbidity costs were circulatory diseases, other respiratory disorders, digestive disorders and psychological disorders (CAD696/EUR491, CAD312/EUR220, CAD274/EUR193 and CAD249/EUR176 per person-year, respectively).These findings suggest that the prevention and appropriate management of comorbidities in COPD patients may effectively reduce the overall burden of COPD.
CXCL9‐11 polymorphisms are associated with liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Jiménez‐Sousa María Ángeles , Gómez‐Moreno Ana Zaida , Pineda‐Tenor Daniel , Medrano Luz Maria , Sánchez‐Ruano Juan José , Fernández‐Rodríguez Amanda , Artaza‐Varasa Tomas , Saura‐Montalban José , Vázquez‐Morón Sonia , Ryan Pablo , Resino Salvador 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackground and aimsCXCL9‐11 polymorphisms are related to various infectious diseases, including hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In this study, we analyzed the association between CXCL9‐11 polymorphisms and liver fibrosis in HCV‐infected patients.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional study in 389 patients who were genotyped for CXCL9‐11 polymorphisms (CXCL9 rs10336, CXCL10 rs3921, and CXCL11 rs4619915) using the Sequenom's MassARRAY platform. The primary outcome variable was the liver stiffness measurement (LSM). We established three cut‐offs of LSM: LSM ≥ 7.1 kPa (F ≥ 2—significant fibrosis), LSM ≥ 9.5 kPa (F ≥ 3—advanced fibrosis), and LSM ≥ 12.5 kPa (F4—cirrhosis).ResultsRecessive, overdominant and codominant models of inheritance showed significant values, but the overdominant model was the best fitting our data. In this case, CXCL9 rs10336 AG, CXCL10 rs3921 CG and CXCL11 rs4619915 AG were mainly associated with lower values of LSM [(adjusted GMR (aGMR) = 0.85 (p = 0.005), aGMR = 0.84 (p = 0.003), and aGMR = 0.84 (p = 0.003), respectively]. Patients with CXCL9 rs10336 AG genotype had lower odds of significant fibrosis (LSM ≥ 7.1 kPa) [adjusted OR (aOR) = 0.59 (p = 0.016)], advanced fibrosis (LSM ≥ 9.5 kPa) [aOR = 0.54 (p = 0.010)], and cirrhosis (LSM ≥ 12.5 kPa) [aOR = 0.56 (p = 0.043)]. Patients with CXCL10 rs3921 CG or CXCL11 rs4619915 AG genotypes had lower odds of significant fibrosis (LSM ≥ 7.1 kPa) [adjusted OR (aOR) = 0.56 (p = 0.008)], advanced fibrosis (LSM ≥ 9.5 kPa) [aOR = 0.55 (p = 0.013)], and cirrhosis (LSM ≥ 12.5 kPa) [aOR = 0.57 (p = 0.051)]. Additionally, CXCL9‐11 polymorphisms were related to lower liver stiffness under a codominant model of inheritance, being the heterozygous genotypes also protective against hepatic fibrosis. In the recessive inheritance model, the CXCL9 rs10336 AA, CXCL10 rs3921 CC and CXCL11 rs4619915 AA were associated with higher LSM values [(adjusted GMR (aGMR) = 1.19 (p = 0.030), aGMR = 1.21 (p = 0.023), and aGMR = 1.21 (p = 0.023), respectively]. Moreover, patients with CXCL9 rs10336 AA genotype had higher odds of significant fibrosis (LSM ≥ 7.1 kPa) [adjusted OR (aOR) = 1.83 (p = 0.044)] and advanced fibrosis (LSM ≥ 9.5 kPa) [aOR = 1.85 (p = 0.045)]. Furthermore, patients with CXCL10 rs3921 CC or CXCL11 rs4619915 AA genotypes had higher odds of advanced fibrosis (LSM ≥ 9.5 kPa) [aOR = 1.89 (p = 0.038)].ConclusionsCXCL9‐11 polymorphisms were related to likelihood of having liver fibrosis in HCV‐infected patients. Our data suggest that CXCL9‐11 polymorphisms may play a significant role against the progression of CHC and could help prioritize antiviral therapy.
Estimation of Stroke Volume and Stroke Volume Changes by Electrical Impedance Tomography
Authors: da Silva Ramos Fernando José , Hovnanian André , Souza Rogério , Azevedo Luciano C. P. , Amato Marcelo B. P. , Costa Eduardo L. V. 
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUND:
Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a noninvasive imaging method that identifies changes in air and blood volume based on thoracic impedance changes. Recently, there has been growing interest in EIT to measure stroke volume (SV). The objectives of this study are as follows: (1) to evaluate the ability of systolic impedance variations (ΔZsys) to track changes in SV in relation to a baseline condition; (2) to assess the relationship of ΔZsys and SV in experimental subjects; and (3) to identify the influence of body dimensions on the relationship between ΔZsys and SV.

METHODS:
Twelve Agroceres pigs were instrumented with transpulmonary thermodilution catheter and EIT and were mechanically ventilated in a random order using different settings of tidal volume (VT) and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP): VT 10 mL·kg−1 and PEEP 10 cm H2O, VT 10 mL·kg−1 and PEEP 5 cm H2O, VT 6 mL·kg−1 and PEEP 10 cm H2O, and VT 6 mL·kg−1 and PEEP 5 cm H2O. After baseline data collection, subjects were submitted to hemorrhagic shock and successive fluid challenges.

RESULTS:
A total of 204 paired measurements of SV and ΔZsys were obtained. The 4-quadrant plot showed acceptable trending ability with a concordance rate of 91.2%. Changes in ΔZsys after fluid challenges presented an area under the curve of 0.83 (95% confidence interval, 0.74–0.92) to evaluate SV changes. Conversely, the linear association between ΔZsys and SV was poor, with R2 from linear mixed model of 0.35. Adding information on body dimensions improved the linear association between ΔZsys and SV up to R2 from linear mixed model of 0.85.

CONCLUSIONS:
EIT showed good trending ability and is a promising hemodynamic monitoring tool. Measurements of absolute SV require that body dimensions be taken into account.
Venovenous Bypass Is Associated With a Lower Incidence of Acute Kidney Injury After Liver Transplantation in Patients With Compromised Pretransplant Renal Function
Authors: Sun Kai , Hong Fu , Wang Yun , Agopian Vatche G. , Yan Min , Busuttil Ronald W. , Steadman Randolph H. , Xia Victor W. 
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUND:
Although the hemodynamic benefits of venovenous bypass (VVB) during liver transplantation (LT) are well appreciated, the impact of VVB on posttransplant renal function is uncertain. The aim of this study was to determine if VVB was associated with a lower incidence of posttransplant acute kidney injury (AKI).

METHODS:
Medical records of adult (≥18 years) patients who underwent primary LT between 2004 and 2014 at a tertiary hospital were reviewed. Patients who required pretransplant renal replacement therapy and intraoperative piggyback technique were excluded. Patients were divided into 2 groups, VVB and non-VVB. AKI, determined by the Acute Kidney Injury Network criteria, was compared between the 2 groups. Propensity match was used to control selection bias that occurred before VVB and multivariable logistic regression was used to control confounding factors during and after VVB.

RESULTS:
Of 1037 adult patients who met the study inclusion criteria, 247 (23.8%) received VVB. A total of 442 patients (221 patients in each group) were matched. Aftermatch patients were further divided according to a predicted probability AKI model using preoperative creatinine (Cr), VVB, and intraoperative variables into 2 subgroups: normal and compromised pretransplant renal functions. In patients with compromised pretransplant renal function (Cr ≥1.2 mg/dL), the incidence of AKI was significantly lower in the VVB group compared with the non-VVB group (37.2% vs 50.8%; P = .033). VVB was an independent risk factor negatively associated with AKI (odds ratio, 0.1; 95% confidence interval, 0.1–0.4; P = .001). Renal replacement in 30 days and 1-year recipient mortality were not significantly different between the 2 groups. The incidence of posttransplant AKI was not significantly different between the 2 groups in patients with normal pretransplant renal function (Cr <1.2 mg/dL).

CONCLUSIONS:
In this large retrospective study, we demonstrated that utilization of intraoperative VVB was associated with a significantly lower incidence of posttransplant AKI in patients with compromised pretransplant renal function. Further studies to assess the role of intraoperative VVB in posttransplant AKI are warranted.