bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Ovarian Hormone Therapy on Cognition in the Aged Female Rhesus Macaque
Authors: Kohama Steven G. , Renner Lauren , Landauer Noelle , Weiss Alison R. , Urbanski Henryk F. , Park Byung , Voytko Mary Lou , Neuringer Martha 
Published: October 2016

Studies of the effect of hormone therapy on cognitive function in menopausal women have been equivocal, in part due to differences in the type and timing of hormone treatment. Here we cognitively tested aged female rhesus macaques on (1) the delayed response task of spatial working memory, (2) a visuospatial attention task that measured spatially and temporally cued reaction times, and (3) a simple reaction time task as a control for motor speed. After task acquisition, animals were ovariectomized (OVX). Their performance was compared with intact controls for 2 months, at which time no group differences were found. The OVX animals were then assigned to treatment with either a subcutaneous sham implant (OVX), 17-β estradiol (E) implant (OVX+E) or E implant plus cyclic oral progesterone (OVX+EP). All groups were then tested repeatedly over 12 months. The OVX+E animals performed significantly better on the delayed response task than all of the other groups for much of the 12 month testing period. The OVX+EP animals also showed improved performance in the delayed response task, but only at 30 s delays and with performance levels below that of OVX+E animals. The OVX+E animals also performed significantly better in the visuospatial attention task, particularly in the most challenging invalid cue condition; this difference also was maintained across the 12 month testing period. Simple reaction time was not affected by hormonal manipulation. These data demonstrate that chronic, continuous administration of E can exert multiple beneficial cognitive effects in aged, OVX rhesus macaque females.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHormone therapy after menopause is controversial. We tested the effects of hormone replacement in aged rhesus macaques, soon after surgically-induced menopause [ovariectomy (OVX)], on tests of memory and attention. Untreated ovarian-intact and OVX animals were compared with OVX animals receiving estradiol (E) alone or E with progesterone (P). E was administered in a continuous fashion via subcutaneous implant, whereas P was administered orally in a cyclic fashion. On both tests, E-treated animals performed better than the other 3 experimental groups across 1 year of treatment. Thus, in this monkey model, chronic E administered soon after the loss of ovarian hormones had long-term benefits for cognitive function.
APOE-Sensitive Cholinergic Sprouting Compensates for Hippocampal Dysfunctions Due to Reduced Entorhinal Input
Authors: Bott Jean-Bastien , Héraud Céline , Cosquer Brigitte , Herbeaux Karine , Aubert Julien , Sartori Maxime , Goutagny Romain , Mathis Chantal 
Published: October 2016

Brain mechanisms compensating for cerebral lesions may mitigate the progression of chronic neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which often precedes AD, is characterized by neuronal loss in the entorhinal cortex (EC). This loss leads to a hippocampal disconnection syndrome that drives clinical progression. The concomitant sprouting of cholinergic terminals in the hippocampus has been proposed to compensate for reduced EC glutamatergic input. However, in absence of direct experimental evidence, the compensatory nature of the cholinergic sprouting and its putative mechanisms remain elusive. Transgenic mice expressing the humanAPOE4allele, the main genetic risk factor for sporadic MCI/AD, display impaired cholinergic sprouting after EC lesion. Using these mice as a tool to manipulate cholinergic sprouting in a disease-relevant way, we showed that this sprouting was necessary and sufficient for the acute compensation of EC lesion-induced spatial memory deficit before a slower glutamatergic reinnervation took place. We also found that partial EC lesion generates abnormal hyperactivity in EC/dentate networks. Dentate hyperactivity was abolished by optogenetic stimulation of cholinergic fibers. Therefore, control of dentate hyperactivity by cholinergic sprouting may be involved in functional compensation after entorhinal lesion. Our results also suggest that dentate hyperactivity in MCI patients may be directly related to EC neuronal loss. Impaired sprouting during the MCI stage may contribute to the faster cognitive decline reported inAPOE4carriers. Beyond the amyloid contribution, the potential role of both cholinergic sprouting and dentate hyperactivity in AD symptomatogenesis should be considered in designing new therapeutic approaches.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCurrently, curative treatment trials for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have failed. The endogenous ability of the brain to cope with neuronal loss probably represents one of the most promising therapeutic targets, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Here, we show that the mammalian brain is able to manage several deleterious consequences of the loss of entorhinal neurons on hippocampal activity and cognitive performance through a fast cholinergic sprouting followed by a slower glutamatergic reinnervation. The cholinergic sprouting is gender dependent and highly sensitive to the genetic risk factorAPOE4. Our findings highlight the specific impact of early loss of entorhinal input on hippocampal hyperactivity and cognitive deficits characterizing early stages of AD, especially inAPOE4carriers.
A RET-ER81-NRG1 Signaling Pathway Drives the Development of Pacinian Corpuscles
Authors: Fleming Michael S. , Li Jian J. , Ramos Daniel , Li Tong , Talmage David A. , Abe Shin-ichi , Arber Silvia , Luo Wenqin 
Published: October 2016

Axon-Schwann cell interactions are crucial for the development, function, and repair of the peripheral nervous system, but mechanisms underlying communication between axons and nonmyelinating Schwann cells are unclear. Here, we show that ER81 is functionally required in a subset of mouse RET+mechanosensory neurons for formation of Pacinian corpuscles, which are composed of a single myelinated axon and multiple layers of nonmyelinating Schwann cells, andRetis required for the maintenance ofEr81expression. Interestingly,Er81mutants have normal myelination but exhibit deficient interactions between axons and corpuscle-forming nonmyelinating Schwann cells. Finally, ablatingNeuregulin-1(Nrg1) in mechanosensory neurons results in no Pacinian corpuscles, and anNrg1isoform not required for communication with myelinating Schwann cells is specifically decreased inEr81-null somatosensory neurons. Collectively, our results suggest that a RET-ER81-NRG1 signaling pathway promotes axon communication with nonmyelinating Schwann cells, and that neurons use distinct mechanisms to interact with different types of Schwann cells.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCommunication between neurons and Schwann cells is critical for development, normal function, and regeneration of the peripheral nervous system. Despite many studies about axonal communication with myelinating Schwann cells, mostly via a specific isoform of Neuregulin1, the molecular nature of axonal communication with nonmyelinating Schwann cells is poorly understood. Here, we described a RET-ER81-Neuregulin1 signaling pathway in neurons innervating Pacinian corpuscle somatosensory end organs, which is essential for communication between the innervating axon and the end organ nonmyelinating Schwann cells. We also showed that this signaling pathway uses isoforms of Neuregulin1 that are not involved in myelination, providing evidence that neurons use different isoforms of Neuregulin1 to interact with different types of Schwann cells.
Neuregulin-Dependent Regulation of Fast-Spiking Interneuron Excitability Controls the Timing of the Critical Period
Authors: Gu Yu , Tran Trinh , Murase Sachiko , Borrell Andrew , Kirkwood Alfredo , Quinlan Elizabeth M. 
Published: October 2016

Maturation of excitatory drive onto fast-spiking interneurons (FS INs) in the visual cortex has been implicated in the control of the timing of the critical period for ocular dominance plasticity. However, the mechanisms that regulate the strength of these synapses over cortical development are not understood. Here we use a mouse model to show that neuregulin (NRG) and the receptor tyrosine kinase erbB4 regulate the timing of the critical period. NRG1 enhanced the strength of excitatory synapses onto FS INs, which inhibited ocular dominance plasticity during the critical period but rescued plasticity in transgenics with hypoexcitable FS INs. Blocking the effects of endogenous neuregulin via inhibition of erbBs rescued ocular dominance plasticity in postcritical period adults, allowing recovery from amblyopia induced by chronic monocular deprivation. Thus, the strength of excitation onto FS INs is a key determinant of critical period plasticity and is maintained at high levels by NRG–erbB4 signaling to constrain plasticity in adulthood.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDespite decades of experimentation, the mechanisms by which critical periods of enhanced synaptic plasticity are initiated and terminated are not completely understood. Here we show that neuregulin (NRG) and the receptor tyrosine kinase erbB4 determine critical period timing by controlling the strength of excitatory synapses onto FS INs. NRG1 enhanced excitatory drive onto fast spiking interneurons, which inhibited ocular dominance plasticity in juveniles but rescued plasticity in transgenics with hypoexcitable FS INs. Blocking the effects of endogenous neuregulin via inhibition of erbBs rescued ocular dominance plasticity in adults, allowing recovery from amblyopia induced by chronic monocular deprivation. Thus, in contrast to prevailing views of the termination of the critical period, active maintenance of strong excitation onto FS INs constrains plasticity in adults.
EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT OF YELLOWFIN TUNA (Thunnus albacares) AT DIFFERENT INCUBATION TEMPERATURE
Authors: Hutapea Jhon Harianto 
Published: October 2016

<p>The experiment was conducted in order to figure out the effect of incubation temperature on embryonic development of yellowfin tuna, <em>Thunnus albacares</em> eggs. Five different incubation temperatures were applied as treatments, i.e.: 24°C, 26°C, 28°C, 30°C, and 32°C with 3 replicate each. Ten micro plates with lid (IWAKI, Japan) were used; each has 6 well and 10 mL volumes. Five micro plates were used for experiment and five for balance on shaker. Three well of each micro plate were filled with 8 mL ultra violet sterilized sea water and 50 fertilized eggs. Temperature was set using Multi Thermo Incubator which has 5 level racks. Temperatures were set from the lowest to the highest on bottom to upper rack order. To maintain eggs dispersed in the medium, shaker on each rack was operated at 150 RPM. The embryo was monitored every 30-60 minutes depends on embryonic stage development using Microscope which was connected to Digital Camera DXM 1200F. Image analyses by Image Analyzer Program. The results showed, incubation temperature was significantly affect (P&lt;0.05) embryonic development and hatching time of yellowfin tuna (<em>Thunnus albacares</em>) eggs. Optimum incubation temperature for embryo development and hatching was 28°C. Decreased on incubation temperature slows down embryo development at all stages, and vice versa, increased on incubation temperature accelerates embryo development.</p>
IMPACT OF HEAVY METAL TO FISH AQUACULTURE IN FLOATING NET CAGE IN CIRATA RESERVOIR, INDONESIA
Authors: Prihadi Tri Heru , Murniyati Murniyati , Ardi Idil 
Published: October 2016

Utilization of Cirata Reservoir for fisheries aquaculture with floating net cage system has been increasing rapidly. Industrial waste existed along watershed brings significant heavy metal pollutant that flows and difficult to control. Consequences of such activities were reflected in the degradation of reservoir environment indicated by sedimentation, water quality degradation and fish mass mortality because of up welling. The objectives of this research were: 1) to obtain data and information on heavy metal content in Cirata Reservoir waters, and 2) to observe and understand the effect of heavy metal to the fish cultured in floating net cage to support aquaculture in floating net cage system. Water quality and fish histology analyses were the methodologies used in this research. Descriptive and laboratory analysis were carry out to analysis the data. Based on observation and descriptive analyses, the content of heavy metal in Cirata Reservoir was classified as worse. Concentration of Pb, Cr, Hg, and Cd in the sample of water and tilapia digestive organ becomes fragile. Infiltration of hemoglobin cell, necrosis, degeneration and pigmentation occurred in body organs when up welling happened. Beside that, during up-welling digestive organ become easily breakable resulted in fish mass mortality in floating net cage. The affinity of hemoglobin to the toxic gas was higher than to oxygen, therefore aeration was not affective and mass mortality cannot be avoided. This was because of various events that occured to the fish and the other water biota that encompassed regular diffusion, bio-magnification, and bio-concentration to fish.
OPTIMALISASI SUMBERDAYA LAHAN UNTUK BUDIDAYA TAMBAK DI KABUPATEN LUWU UTARA PROVINSI SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Ratnawati Erna 
Published: October 2016

Kabupaten Luwu Utara (Lutra) memiliki lahan potensial untuk tambak dan perubahan luas lahan tambak yang cukup besar, tetapi produktivitas tambak untuk budidaya udang dan ikan yang rendah. Oleh karena itu, Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Budidaya Air Payau, Maros telah melakukan serangkaian penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui luas potensi lahan, kesesuaian lahan, dan kebutuhan faktor lingkungan untuk budidaya rumput laut di tambak Kabupaten Lutra yang hasilnya dirangkum dalam makalah ini. Tambak di Kabupaten Lutra meningkat dari 4.938,84 ha pada tahun 2002 menjadi 7.838,94 ha pada tahun 2005. Potensi lahan tambak di Kabupaten Lutra mencapai 11.299,00 ha yang terdiri atas lahan tambak yang ada seluas 7.838,94 ha dan potensial lahan tambak seluas 3.460,06 ha. Dari luas potensi lahan tambak di Kabupaten Lutra, ternyata 3.527,3 ha tergolong sangat sesuai (kelas S1); 490,9 ha tergolong cukup sesuai (kelas S2); dan 7.280,8 ha tergolong kurang sesuai (kelas S3). Produksi rumput laut yang tinggi dapat diperoleh di tambak Kabupaten Lutra pada tanah dengan pHF lebih besar 6,5; pHFOX lebih besar 4,0; pHF -pHFOX kurang dari 2,5; dan SPOS kurang dari 1,00%. Kandungan Fe tanah yang melebihi 5.000 mg/L dan Al yang melebihi 490 mg/L menyebabkan penurunan produksi rumput laut. Peningkatan kandungan PO4 tanah lebih besar dari 6,0 mg/L dapat meningkatkan produksi rumput laut secara signifikan. Produksi rumput laut tertinggi didapatkan pada salinitas air 25,6 ppt dan rumput laut tumbuh baik pada kisaran pH antara 6,00 dan 9,32; fosfat lebih besar 0,1000 mg/L; dan besi kurang dari 0,1000 mg/L.
BUDIDAYA LOBSTER (Panulirus sp.) DI VIETNAM DAN APLIKASINYA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Mustafa Akhmad 
Published: October 2016

Desa Xuan Tun di Kecamatan Van Ninh Kota Nha Trang Provinsi Khanh Hoa merupakan lokasi pertama kegiatan budidaya lobster di Vietnam yang dilakuan pada tahun 1992. Secara umum di Kota Nha Trang, ada tiga jenis lobster yang dibudidayakan yaitu lobster mutiara (Panulirus ornatus), lobster pasir (Panulirus homarus), dan lobster batik (Panulirus longipes), karena benih lobster tersebut mudah didapat pada awalnya, cepat tumbuh, berukuran besar, warna cerah, dan memiliki harga yang tinggi. Kegiatan budidaya lobster pada dasarnya terdiri atas: penangkapan benih lobster, produksi tokolan lobster, dan pembesaran lobster yang masing-masing merupakan segmen usaha tersendiri. Pakan yang digunakan dalam produksi tokolan dan pembesaran lobster adalah berupa udang, kerang, tiram, cumi-cumi, dan ikan rucah, di mana sebagian besar dari pakan tersebut digunakan ikan rucah terutama pada pembesaran lobster. Sebagai akibat penggunaan pakan tersebut dan peningkatan jumlah keramba jaring apung yang cukup signifikan berdampak pada penurunan kualitas perairan yang memicu berkembangya penyakit susu (milky haemolymph disease) sehingga terjadi penurunan produksi. Terkait dengan hasil yang didapatkan tersebut, ke depan diperlukan berbagai kegiatan termasuk untuk dapat diaplikasikan di Indonesia. Kegiatan tersebut meliputi: produksi benih lobster secara buatan di hatcheri dan penggunaan pakan buatan berupa moist pellet. Upaya pencegahan penyakit susu dan perlakuan-perlakuan praktis untuk mencegah perkembangan serangan penyakit susu juga perlu mendapat perhatian. Perkembangan budidaya lobster yang begitu cepat memicu terjadinya penurunan daya dukung lahan. Oleh karena itu, kegiatan untuk menentukan daya dukung lahan dan kesesuaian lahan menjadi penting untuk dilakukan untuk menentukan lokasi dan jumlah keramba jaring apung yang dapat dioperasikan. Penentuan daya dukung lahan dan evaluasi kesesuaian lahan tidak hanya dilakukan pada daerah yang sudah berkembang pesat seperti di Vietnam, tetapi juga pada daerah yang baru memulai pengembangan budidaya lobsternya seperti di Indonesia untuk menghindari hal-hal yang dapat menyebabkan penurunan produksi dan ketidakberlanjutan usaha budidaya lobster di masa akan datang.
Szczęście w nabywaniu. „Samotrawiąca namiętność” społeczeństwa konsumentów
Authors: Mazur Damian 
Published: October 2016

Artykuł dotyczy pojęcia szczęścia w społeczeństwie konsumpcyjnym. Na wstępie opisano społeczeństwo konsumpcyjne i przemianę społeczeństwa produkcyjnego w takowe. Następnie zajęto się nowym stylem życia i nowym rozumieniem szczęścia w społeczeństwie konsumpcyjnym. Użyty został w tym celu specyficzny termin – „samotrawiąca namiętność”, którego użył Richard Sennett w książce Kultura nowego kapitalizmu. Moda i planowane postarzanie produktu wzmacniają „samotrawiącą namiętność”. Na końcu zaproponowano krytyczną refleksję na temat rozumienia szczęścia w społeczeństwie konsumpcyjnym oraz ograniczenie konsumpcji i zmianę pozytywnego wartościowania faktu posiadania wielu rzeczy.
Radość człowieka cnotliwego, czyli o przyczynach radości w dobie saskiej
Authors: Zydek Sylwia 
Published: October 2016

Współczesne myślenie o szczęściu i radości dookreśla wiele czynników. Można powiedzieć, iż istnieje mnóstwo „radosnych poruszeń serca” i całkiem sporo emocji „rodzących” szczęście. Chcąc jednak mówić o przeżywaniu, odczuwaniu szczęścia w przeszłości, nie możemy myśleć kategoriami współczesnego człowieka, ponieważ ludzie żyjący w ubiegłych stuleciach przyczyn radości upatrywali głównie w Bogu i zbawieniu. I tak, człowiek doby saskiej poszukiwał szczęścia w przestrzeni duchowej, a radość prawdziwa i jedyna miała być jego udziałem dopiero po śmierci. Czytając różnego rodzaju źródła historyczne, np. kazania, dzienniki podróży, widzimy wyraźnie, iż człowiek żyjący w XVIII wieku wiedział, że szczęścia nie znajdzie w tym, co go otacza, a co jest ulotne i efemeryczne, bo ziemskie, lecz w tym, co zakotwiczone w Bogu. Życie w zgodzie z przykazaniami, ćwiczenie się w cnocie, asceza miały gwarantować osiągniecie radości prawdziwej w rzeczywistości eschatologicznej. Choć nie wolno nam zapomnieć, że z wielką lubością, jak przystało na okres baroku, oddawał się on rozkoszom ciała, urządzał bale i przyjęcia, nie stronił od przepychu i bogactwa.Artykuł jest właśnie próbą zanalizowania i przybliżenia tych zagadnień oraz wyjaśnienia przyczyn szczęścia i radości w dobie saskiej.
Whole Systems Analysis of a High Reliability Organization
Authors: Chukwunta C. O. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In the oil and gas industry, the criticality of safety is at the heart of all projects and operations, as the direct and indirect costs of just one accident can be sufficient to make any of the major multinational companies insolvent. Safety management stands mainly on a tripod of human, technical and/or operational and organizational accident causation factors, with their safety management tools. Presently, the human and technical and/or operational factors have well-developed tools and models for preventing and mitigating their occurrence and impact, leaving the organizational factors without deployable models or tools.
To close this gap in industrial accident prevention and mitigation, an organizational reliability model is proposed to provide the diagnosis of organizational reliability states, complete with recommendations and improvement opportunities in the complex, high-risk, error-prone upstream sector of the offshore oil and gas industry.
This model applies two analytical paradigms; the HRO scales audit and template analysis, which are quantitative and qualitative methods respectively. Both approaches were used to assess the organizational reliability state of a multinational oil and gas company (High Reliability Organization – HRO) having offshore projects and operations in two operating regions; Norway and UK.
The template analysis involved running 25 interviews with stakeholders that met the model's sampling criteria, and coding the interview themes into the template of a-priori themes derived from reviewed HRO literature. The HRO scales audit survey was also run on a wider group of 60 respondents selected based on the same sampling criteria.
The weighted averages of codes on the final template were checked against the results of the HRO scales audit. The model's predictive validity was confirmed by the remarkably similar results from the qualitative and quantitative analyses, which clearly picked out fine details of the strengths and improvement opportunities in the HRO's safety management system. Sixteen (16) recommendations and improvement opportunities were provided from the model run.
This paper proposes the deployment of this model for meeting the identified safety management use cases in the oil and gas industry which includes the safety first priority, activity-based safety cost reduction, which is highly topical in lowering operating costs in the current global low oil price regimes, and for contractor and supply chain safety management.
Comparing Transtibial and Anteromedial Drilling Techniques for Single-bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Sukur Erhan , Akman , Yunus Emre , Senel , Ahmet , Unkar , Ethem Ayhan , Topcu , Huseyin Nevzat , Ozturkmen , and Yusuf 
Published: October 2016

Background:
Among the many factors that determine the outcome following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, the position of the femoral tunnel is known to be critically important and is still the subject of extensive research.

Objective:
We aimed to retrospectively compare the outcomes of arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using transtibial (TT) or anteromedial (AMP) drilling techniques for femoral tunnel placement.

Methods:
ACL reconstruction was performed using the TT technique in 49 patients and the AMP technique in 56 patients. Lachman and pivot-shift tests, the Lysholm Knee Scale, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Tegner activity scale and visual analog scale (VAS) were used for the clinical and functional evaluation of patients. Time to return to normal life and time to jogging were assessed in addition to the radiological evaluation of femoral tunnel placement.

Results:
In terms of the Lysholm, IKDC, Tegner score, and stability tests, no significant differences were found between the two groups (p > 0.05). Statistical analysis revealed reduced time to return to normal life and jogging in the AMP group (p < 0.05). The VAS score was also significantly reduced in the AMP group (p < 0.05). The position of the femoral tunnel was anatomically appropriate in 51 patients in the AMP group and 5 patients in the TT group.

Conclusion:
The AMP technique is superior to the TT technique in creating anatomical femoral tunnel placement during single-bundle ACL reconstruction and provides faster recovery in terms of return to normal life and jogging at short-term follow-up.