bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Ministering to the Social Needs of the People”: Samuel Jones, Strong Mayor Government, and Municipal Ownership, 1897–1904
Authors: Liazos Ariane 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDebates in the Progressive era between supporters of the franchise system and supporters of municipal ownership provide an example of conflicting views of appropriate models of state development. The former wanted to continue the public‐private partnerships that characterized much of 19th‐century state building, while the latter maintained that this system inevitably led to corruption and exacerbated inequality, calling for a new system of publicly run programs. Mayor Samuel Jones of Toledo worked to expand municipally owned utilities and transportation. Jones argued that granting franchises for the provision of public services enabled private companies to accrue profits that belonged to the people. He actively promoted an alternative model based on his faith in the potential of government, through a program of public ownership, to exemplify a sense of community, brotherhood, and love. Yet obstruction by the city council and lack of mayoral power blocked his efforts. As a result, he attempted to secure a “strong mayor” charter that would enable him to enact his program. The voters, however, rejected the plan, fearing centralization of power and loss of popular accountability. This outcome highlights the importance of the relationship between electoral structures and functional expansion in American political development.
Antibiotic Therapy Increases the Risk of Preterm Birth in Preterm Labor without Intra‐Amniotic Microbes, but may Prolong the Gestation Period in Preterm Labor with Microbes, Evaluated by Rapid and High‐Sensitive PCR System
Authors: Yoneda Satoshi , Shiozaki Arihiro , Yoneda Noriko , Ito Mika , Shima Tomoko , Fukuda Kaori , Ueno Tomohiro , Niimi Hideki , Kitajima Isao , Kigawa Mika , Saito Shigeru 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesTo examine the efficacy of the use of antibiotics in preterm labor (PTL) with intact membranes, after evaluating intra‐amniotic microbes by our rapid and bacteria‐free polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system.Materials and methodsOne hundred and four PTL patients before 32 weeks of gestation were recruited. Until 2012, antibiotics were empirically prescribed based on the clinical severity of PTL. Intra‐amniotic microbes in stored samples were evaluated later by our newly established PCR system, and the efficacy of the use of antibiotics in PTL was evaluated.ResultsIn the amniotic fluid (AF) microbe‐negative patients (n = 67), antibiotic therapy significantly shortened the gestation period (P < 0.0001), whereas in the microbe‐positive patients (n = 37), appropriate antibiotic therapy (proper antibiotic selection against identified AF microbes) was significantly associated with an increase in gestation period (P < 0.0001).ConclusionAppropriate antibiotic therapy in PTL with intact membranes prolonged the gestation period.
État de siège: A dying domesticating colonialism?
Authors: HAGE GHASSAN 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTThe sentiment of being “surrounded by barbarians” was once specific to settler‐colonial societies. But as the European refugee crisis made headlines in 2015, it became evident that this sentiment is gaining widespread currency in the Western world. Three developments lie behind its extension: first, the resurgence in the militarized Western appropriation of world resources and its colonial imaginary; second, the crisis in the order of the national borders that has regulated the exploitation of land, resources, and labor in the neocolonial era; and third, the ecological crisis, which equally manifests itself as a crisis in the order of the borders of domestication that defined the modern exploitation of nature. Analyzing the intersection of these social processes offers us important insights into some of the dominant dynamics of Western culture today. [settler colonialism, primitive accumulation, refugee crisis, national borders, ecological crisis, Agamben]
Causes of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism predict response to gonadotropin substitution in adults
Authors: Rohayem J. , Sinthofen N. , Nieschlag E. , Kliesch S. , Zitzmann M. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryGerm cell and Sertoli cell proliferation and maturation in human testes occur in three main waves, during the late fetal and early neonatal period and at early puberty. They are triggered by periods of increased activity of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal (HPG) axis. In hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH), these processes are variably disturbed. The objective of this study was to explore whether success of gonadotropin replacement in HH men is predictable by the origin of HH, indicating time of onset and severity of GnRH/gonadotropin deficiency. The data of 51 adult HH patients who had undergone one cycle of hCG/FSH treatment were reviewed. Five groups were established, according to the underlying HH origin. Therapeutic success by final bi‐testicular volumes (BTVs) final sperm concentrations (SC) and conception rates were compared and related to baseline parameters, indicative of the degree of HPG‐axis disruption. Overall, BTVs rose from 13 ± 15 to 27 ± 15 mL, spermatogenesis was induced in 98%, with mean SCs of 15 ± 30 mill/mL, spontaneous pregnancies in 37% and additional 18% via intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Kallmann syndrome patients had the poorest responses (BTV: 16.9 ± 10 mL; SC: 3.5 ± 5.6 mill/mL), followed by patients with congenital/infancy‐acquired multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies (MPHD) and patients with HH+absent puberty (BTV: 21 ± 14/24 ± 9 mL; SC: 5.5 ± 6.5/ 14.5 ± 23.8 mill/mL). HH men with pubertal arrest and with post‐pubertally acquired MPHD had the best results (BTV: 36 ± 14/38 ± 16 mL; SC: 25.4 ± 34.2/29.9 ± 50.5 mill/mL). Earlier conception after 20.3 ± 11.5 months (vs. 43.1 ± 43.8; p = 0.047) of gonadotropin treatment with higher pregnancy rates (62% vs. 42%) was achieved in the two post‐pubertally acquired HH subgroups, compared to the three pre‐pubertally acquired. Therapeutic success was higher in patients without previously undescended testes, with higher baseline BTVs (pre‐ vs. post‐pubertal HH: 5 ± 4 mL vs. 26 ± 16 mL; p < 0.0001) and higher baseline inhibinB levels (pre‐ vs. post‐pubertal HH: 16.6 vs. 144.5 pg/mL; p = 0.0004). The cause of HH is a valuable predictor of outcome of gonadotropin replacement in adults.
Distinctive Electrocardiographic Features in African Americans Diagnosed with Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Franco Emiliana , Dias Andre , Koshkelashvili Nikoloz , Pressman Gregg S. , Hebert Kathy , Figueredo Vincent M. 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundTakotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) can resemble acute anterior ST‐elevation myocardial infarction. Most studies have examined TC in Asians and Caucasians (non‐African Americans [AA]), while very few cases have been reported in AA. We aimed to assess the electrocardiographic features of TC in AA patients and compare them to non‐AA TC patients.MethodsWe retrospectively compared electrocardiograms of 52 AA and 47 non‐AA patients diagnosed with TC. All patients met the modified Mayo Clinic criteria for the diagnosis of TC. Information collected included PR interval, QRS duration and amplitude, QT interval in milliseconds (msec) adjusted for heart rate (QTc), ST‐segment deviation at the J point in limb and precordial leads (≥1 mm), ST elevation (≥1 mm), and T‐wave inversion (≥0.5 mm).ResultsT‐wave inversion was more prevalent on presentation among AA patients (82% vs 48% in non‐AA; P < 0.01), whereas ST depression was more common among non‐AA (21% vs 7% in AA; P = 0.05). T‐wave inversions in AA patients were frequent in both limb and precordial leads, whereas T‐wave inversions in non‐AA were limited to precordial leads. The average QTc upon presentation in AA was longer than non‐AA (491 msec in AA vs 456 msec in non‐AA; P < 0.01) as was the maximum average QTc during index hospitalization (527 msec in AA vs 497 msec in non‐AA, P = 0.03).ConclusionIn patients presenting with TC, AA patients more frequently present with diffuse T‐wave inversions and a more prolonged QTc, whereas non‐AA patients more often present with ST depressions. AA patients also more frequently present with T‐wave inversions diffusely, whereas non‐AA patients present with T‐wave inversions more limited to the precordial leads.
Exhaled nitric oxide is associated with postnatal adaptation to hypoxia in Tibetan and non‐Tibetan newborn infants
Authors: Wu Panpan , Shanminna  , Liang Kun , Yue Hongni , Qian Liling , Sun Bo 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimThis Chinese study assessed partial pressure of exhaled nitric oxide (PeNO) in healthy Tibetan and non‐Tibetan newborn infants born at a very high altitude.MethodsFull‐term Tibetan and non‐Tibetan neonates born in Lhasa, 3658 metres above sea level, were compared to non‐Tibetan neonates born in Kunming (1891 m) and Huai'an (16 m). The chemiluminiscence technique was used to measure the fraction of exhaled nitric oxide during spontaneous tidal breathing and this was then converted to partial pressure of exhaled nitric oxide (PeNO).ResultsIn their first week, Tibetan and non‐Tibetan neonates born in Lhasa had persistently higher PeNO levels than non‐Tibetan neonates born in Kunming and Huai'an, which was further verified by partial pressure of inspired oxygen adjustment. However, the non‐Tibetans born in Lhasa required short‐term oxygen therapy to improve their early postnatal oxygenation. The temporal changes of PeNO and cardio‐respiratory function measurements demonstrated that Tibetan and non‐Tibetan newborns in Lhasa initially needed to adapt to attain homoeostasis in oxygenation and gas exchange.ConclusionTibetan and non‐Tibetan newborn infants living at the same high altitude demonstrated comparable PeNO levels during postnatal adaptation to hypobaric hypoxia, which warrants further investigation of the mechanism of endogenous nitric oxide and hypoxic tolerance.
Late Pleistocene hyena skeleton remains of a communal/prey depot cave den in the Bohemian Mountains (Czech Republic) – its osteology, taphonomy and palaeoecology
Authors: Diedrich Cajus G. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA total of 366 bones are arranged to six incomplete individual skeletons (=MNI) of different age classes and taphonomic preservation from the Late Pleistocene Crocuta crocuta spelaea (Goldfuss 1823) hyena den Srbsko Chlum–Komín Cave, Czech Republic, Bohemian Mountains (Central Europe). The hyena assemblage counts no siblings, 37% cub, 33% early adult/subadult and 30% adult/senile individuals. A senile scavenged individual demonstrates the cannibalism within the cave. About 10% of the 3569 megafauna bones are from hyenas which larger amounts are typical at communal/prey depot den sites. This site is different to three other larger natal/birth and communal or prey depot hyena den cave sites in Czech Republic. The Chlum–Komín Cave hyena prey bone assemblage (=NISP) consists, similar as at two other Czech Republic sites, mainly of Equus ferus przewalskii (50%), including pregnant females being hunted in spring/early summer. The fewer amounts of Coelodonta antiquitatis (4%), Bison priscus (2%), Rangifer tarandus (15%), and alpine Rupicapra rupicapra (2%) or Capra ibex (1%) and the absence of mammoth correlate to hyena den bone assemblages in middle high elevated mountain regions of northern/central Europe. The rareness of cave bears in the Bohemian Mountains, on which hyenas specialized to feed additionally in European mountain regions, explains predominant predation on horses.
Improving Access to Antenatal Care for Aboriginal Women in South Australia: Evidence from a Population‐Based Study
Authors: Brown Stephanie , Glover Karen , Weetra Donna , Ah Kit Jackie , Stuart‐Butler Deanna , Leane Cathy , Turner May , Gartland Deirdre , Yelland Jane 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIntroductionAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women are two to three times more likely to experience adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes than non‐Aboriginal women in Australia. Persisting health inequalities are at least in part explained by late and/or inadequate access to antenatal care.MethodsThis study draws on data collected in a population‐based study of 344 women giving birth to an Aboriginal infant between July 2011 and June 2013 in South Australia to investigate factors associated with engagement in antenatal care.ResultsAbout 79.8 percent of mothers accessed antenatal care in the first trimester of pregnancy, and 90 percent attended five or more antenatal visits. Compared with women attending mainstream regional services, women attending regional Aboriginal Family Birthing Program services were more likely to access antenatal care in the first trimester (Adj OR 2.5 [1.0–6.3]) and markedly more likely to attend a minimum of five visits (Adj OR 4.3 [1.2–15.1]). Women attending metropolitan Aboriginal Family Birthing Program services were also more likely to attend a minimum of five visits (Adj OR 12.2 [1.8–80.8]) compared with women attending mainstream regional services. Women who smoked during pregnancy were less likely to attend a visit in the first trimester and had fewer visits.ConclusionsScaling up of Aboriginal Family Birthing Program Services in urban and regional areas of South Australia has increased access to antenatal care for Aboriginal families. The involvement of Aboriginal Maternal Infant Care workers, provision of transport for women to get to services, and outreach have been critical to the success of this program.
MicroRNA‐30a as a prognostic factor in urothelial carcinoma of bladder inhibits cellular malignancy by antagonising Notch1
Authors: Zhang Chao , Ma Xin , Du Jun , Yao Zhiyong , Shi Taoping , Ai Qing , Chen Xusheng , Zhang Zhenting , Zhang Xu , Yao Xin 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveTo explore the relation between microRNA‐30a (miR‐30a) and Notch1, and to evaluate the potential prognostic role of miR‐30a in invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB).Patients and methodsIn all, 50 invasive UCB tissue specimens, along with the adjacent bladder tissue specimens were obtained, and the clinical parameters of the 50 patients were analysed. Bioinformatics analysis was performed and miR‐30a was selected as a potential miRNA targeting Notch1, with a luciferase assay performed to verify the binding site between miR‐30a and Notch1. Quantitative real‐time reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the RNA expressions of miR‐30a and Notch1, while Western Blotting and immunohistochemical staining were used to assess the protein expression of Notch1. Finally, cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell migration and invasion assays were used to evaluate the cellular effects of miR‐30a and Notch1 on the UCB cell lines T24 and 5637.ResultsMiR‐30a was downregulated in tumour tissues when compared with adjacent bladder tissues (P < 0.001), negatively correlating with Notch1 messenger RNA (R2 0.106, P = 0.021) in invasive UCB, and miR‐30a expression further decreased in patients with shorter overall survival and disease‐free survival (P = 0.039 and P = 0.037, respectively). The luciferase assay showed that miR‐30a inhibited the Notch1 3′‐untranslated region reporter activities in the T24 and 5637 cell lines (both P < 0.001). Both miR‐30a and small interfering RNA Notch1 negatively regulated cell proliferation (P = 0.002 and P = 0.035 in T24; P = 0.029 and P = 0.037 in 5637 cell lines), activated cell cycle arrest (both P < 0.001 in T24; both P < 0.001 in 5637 cell lines), and prevented cellular migration (both P < 0.001 in T24; P = 0.003 and P < 0.001 in 5637 cell lines) and invasion (P = 0.009 and P = 0.006 in T24; P = 0.006 and P = 0.002 in 5637 cell lines) abilities. Ectopic Notch1 without the 3′untranslated region partially rescued the above‐mentioned cellular effects of over‐expressed miR‐30a on T24 and 5637 cells.ConclusionsMiR‐30a lessens cellular malignancy by antagonising oncogene Notch1 and plays an effective prognostic role in invasive UCB.
Phase II trial of docetaxel, bevacizumab, lenalidomide and prednisone in patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Madan Ravi A. , Karzai Fatima H. , Ning Yang‐Min , Adesunloye Bamidele A. , Huang Xuan , Harold Nancy , Couvillon Anna , Chun Guinevere , Cordes Lisa , Sissung Tristan , Beedie Shaunna L. , Dawson Nancy A. , Theoret Marc R. , McLeod David G. , Rosner Inger , Trepel Jane B. , Lee Min‐Jung , Tomita Yusuke , Lee Sunmin , Chen Clara , Steinberg Seth M. , Arlen Philip M. , Gulley James L. , Figg William D. , Dahut William L. 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveTo determine the safety and clinical efficacy of two anti‐angiogenic agents, bevacizumab and lenalidomide, with docetaxel and prednisone.Patients and methodsEligible patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer enrolled in this open‐label, phase II study of lenalidomide with bevacizumab (15 mg/kg), docetaxel (75 mg/m2) and prednisone (10 mg daily). Docetaxel and bevacizumab were administered on day 1 of a 3‐week treatment cycle. To establish safety, lenalidomide dosing in this combination was escalated in a conventional 3 + 3 design (15, 20 and 25 mg daily for 2 weeks followed by 1 week off). Patients received supportive measures including prophylactic pegfilgrastim and enoxaparin. The primary endpoints were safety and clinical efficacy.ResultsA total of 63 patients enrolled in this trial. Toxicities were manageable with most common adverse events (AEs) being haematological, and were ascertained by weekly blood counts. Twenty‐nine patients (46%) had grade 4 neutropenia, 20 (32%) had grade 3 anaemia and seven (11%) had grade 3 thrombocytopenia. Despite frequent neutropenia, serious infections were rare. Other common non‐haematological grade 3 AEs included fatigue (10%) and diarrhoea (10%). Grade 2 AEs in >10% of patients included anorexia, weight loss, constipation, osteonecrosis of the jaw, rash and dyspnoea. Of 61 evaluable patients, 57 (93%), 55 (90%) and 33 (54%) had PSA declines of >30, >50 and >90%, respectively. Of the 29 evaluable patients, 24 (86%) had a confirmed radiographic partial response. The median times to progression and overall survival were 18.2 and 24.6 months, respectively.ConclusionsWith appropriate supportive measures, combination angiogenesis inhibition can be safely administered and potentially provide clinical benefit. These hypothesis‐generating data would require randomized trials to confirm the findings.
A prospective study of the short‐term quality‐of‐life outcomes of patients undergoing transperineal prostate biopsy
Authors: Dowrick Adam S. , Wootten Addie C. , Howard Nicholas , Peters Justin S. , Murphy Declan G. 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveTo investigate in a prospective, observational study whether transperineal prostate biopsy (TPbx) results in patient‐reported quality‐of‐life (QoL) changes from baseline in the first 3‐months after TPbx.Patients and methodsConsenting patients completed the 26‐item Expanded Prostate cancer Index Composite (EPIC‐26), the Sexual Health Inventory for Men, the International Prostate Symptom Score, the Generalised Anxiety Disorder seven‐item scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire nine‐item scale, and a global question about willingness to have a repeat TPbx in a years' time. The instruments were scored using published scoring methods. Wilcoxon signed–rank tests and Mann–Whitney U‐tests were used to investigate statistically significant differences. Clinically significant differences were also investigated defined by published minimal important differences for the EPIC‐26 and changes in established categorical groups for the other instruments.ResultsIn all, 53 patients consented to participate and completed the baseline questionnaire, in addition to at least one of the 1‐ or 3‐month follow‐up questionnaires. We found that most patients having a TPbx had no clinically significant change in QoL in the first 3 months after TPbx. However, 24% had clinically worse urinary function and 18% had worse sexual function at 1 month. At 3 months, 3% of patients had clinically worse urinary function and 25% continued to have worse sexual function compared with baseline. Patients who were subsequently diagnosed with cancer based on the results of the TPbx, had statistically significantly reduced QoL for the EPIC‐26 urinary scales and reduced improvements in scores on the psychological scales at the 1‐month follow‐up compared with those who were not diagnosed with cancer.ConclusionsMost patients having a TPbx had no clinically significant change in QoL in the first 3 months after TPbx. However, patients should be advised that a quarter may have clinically worse urinary function and nearly 20% have clinically worse sexual function in the first month, and that sexual function deficits may continue up to 3 months. The results of this study provide a resource that the clinician can use when discussing TPbx with patients.
Plasma fibrinogen level: an independent prognostic factor for disease‐free survival and cancer‐specific survival in patients with localised renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Obata Jun , Tanaka Nobuyuki , Mizuno Ryuichi , Kanao Kent , Mikami Shuji , Matsumoto Kazuhiro , Kosaka Takeo , Kikuchi Eiji , Jinzaki Masahiro , Oya Mototsugu 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesTo investigate the impact of perioperative plasma fibrinogen level as a biomarker of oncological outcome in localised renal cell carcinoma (RCC).Patients and methodsWe consecutively identified 601 patients with localised RCC who underwent curative surgery at a single institution. Subsequent disease recurrence and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) were assessed using the Kaplan–Meier method. To evaluate the independent prognostic impact of plasma fibrinogen level, multivariate analysis was performed for these outcomes.ResultsUsing the defined threshold level of preoperative plasma fibrinogen of ≥420 mg/dL as elevated, we found 56 patients (9.3%) with an elevated plasma fibrinogen level preoperatively. In Kaplan–Meier analysis, there was a significant difference in disease‐free survival and CSS rates between patients with and without preoperative plasma fibrinogen levels of ≥420 mg/dL. Multivariate analysis showed that elevated preoperative plasma fibrinogen level was an independent predictor of subsequent disease recurrence and cancer‐specific mortality. In a subgroup analysis of the elevated preoperative plasma fibrinogen level group, postoperative normalisation of plasma fibrinogen level was significantly associated with CSS, showing that patients with non‐normalised plasma fibrinogen levels tended to have a higher incidence of cancer‐specific mortality after surgery.ConclusionPatients with elevated preoperative plasma fibrinogen levels could be significantly predicted to have subsequent tumour metastasis and cancer‐specific mortality, while there was a significant difference in CSS between patients in the normalised and non‐normalised postoperative plasma fibrinogen groups. While these are hypothesis generating results, plasma fibrinogen levels may be a useful biomarker due to its low cost and ease of assessment.