bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controllable preparation and photocatalytic activity of ZnO microstructures with different morphology
Authors: Qin Xiaofang , Wang Feng , Yang Lixia , Xu Yanbin , Yang Zhenglong , Gao Shanmin 
Published: January 2018

Zinc oxide (ZnO) microstructures were successfully prepared by hydrothermal synthesis with PEG4000 at 120°C for 24 h. The crystalline phase and morphology of ZnO microstructures were characterised by X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the rod‐like, flower‐like and dumbbell‐shaped ZnO microstructures can be easily controlled by varying the amount of PEG4000. The photoluminescence spectra of ZnO microstructures with different morphology at room temperature show four emission peaks at about 362, 389, 421 and 487 nm. The photocatalytic activities of ZnO microstructures are evaluated by degradation of methylene blue (MB) under ultraviolet light irradiation, and the degradation rates of MB with rod‐like, flower‐like and dumbbell‐shaped ZnO microstructures reached 94.8, 95.4 and 70.9%, respectively.
Magnetic neutron star cooling and microphysics
Authors: Potekhin A. Y. , Chabrier G. 
Published: January 2018

Aims. We study the relative importance of several recent updates of microphysics input to the neutron star cooling theory and the effects brought about by superstrong magnetic fields of magnetars, including the effects of the Landau quantization in their crusts.
Methods. We use a finite-difference code for simulation of neutron-star thermal evolution on timescales from hours to megayears with an updated microphysics input. The consideration of short timescales (≲1 yr) is made possible by a treatment of the heat-blanketing envelope without the quasistationary approximation inherent to its treatment in traditional neutron-star cooling codes. For the strongly magnetized neutron stars, we take into account the effects of Landau quantization on thermodynamic functions and thermal conductivities. We simulate cooling of ordinary neutron stars and magnetars with non-accreted and accreted crusts and compare the results with observations.
Results. Suppression of radiative and conductive opacities in strongly quantizing magnetic fields and formation of a condensed radiating surface substantially enhance the photon luminosity at early ages, making the life of magnetars brighter but shorter. These effects together with the effect of strong proton superfluidity, which slows down the cooling of kiloyear-aged neutron stars, can explain thermal luminosities of about a half of magnetars without invoking heating mechanisms. Observed thermal luminosities of other magnetars are still higher than theoretical predictions, which implies heating, but the effects of quantizing magnetic fields and baryon superfluidity help to reduce the discrepancy.
Interpretation of increased energetic particle flux measurements by SEPT aboard the STEREO spacecraft and
contamination
Authors: Wraase S. , Heber B. , Böttcher S. , Bucik R. , Dresing N. , Gómez-Herrero R. , Klassen A. , Müller-Mellin R. 
Published: January 2018

Context. Interplanetary (IP) shocks are known to be accelerators of energetic charged particles observed in-situ in the heliosphere. However, the acceleration of near-relativistic electrons by shocks in the interplanetary medium is often questioned. On 9 August 2011 a corotating interaction region (CIR) passed STEREO B (STB), which resulted in a flux increase in the electron and ion channels of the Solar Electron and Proton Telescope (SEPT). Because electron measurements in the few keV to several 100 keV range rely on the so-called magnet foil technique, which is utilized by SEPT, ions can contribute to the electron channels.
Aim. We aim to investigate whether the flux increase in the electron channels of SEPT during the CIR event on 9 August 2011 is caused by ion contamination only.
Methods. We compute the SEPT response functions for protons and helium utilizing an updated GEANT4 model of SEPT. The CIR energetic particle ion spectra for protons and helium are assumed to follow a Band function in energy per nucleon with a constant helium to proton ratio.
Results. Our analysis leads to a helium to proton ratio of 16.9% and a proton flux following a Band function with the parameters I0 = 1.24 × 104 (cm2 s sr MeV nuc−1)−1, Ec = 79 keV nuc−1, and spectral indices of γ1 = −0.94 and γ2 = −3.80, which are in good agreement with measurements by the Suprathermal Ion Telescope (SIT) aboard STB.
Conclusions. Since our results explain the SEPT measurements, we conclude that no significant amount of electrons were accelerated between 55 and 425 keV by the CIR.
The CABRI fast neutron Hodoscope: Renovation, qualification program and first results following the experimental reactor restart
Authors: Chevalier V. , Mirotta S. , Guillot J. , Biard B. 
Published: January 2018

The CABRI experimental pulse reactor, located at the Cadarache nuclear research center, southern France, is devoted to the study of Reactivity Initiated Accidents (RIA). For the purpose of the CABRI International Program (CIP), managed and funded by IRSN, in the framework of an OECD/NEA agreement, a huge renovation of the facility has been conducted since 2003. The Cabri Water Loop was then installed to ensure prototypical Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) conditions for testing irradiated fuel rods.
The hodoscope installed in the CABRI reactor is a unique online fuel motion monitoring system, operated by IRSN and dedicated to the measurement of the fast neutrons emitted by the tested rod during the power pulse. It is one of the distinctive features of the CABRI reactor facility, which is operated by CEA. The system is able to determine the fuel motion, if any, with a time resolution of 1 ms and a spatial resolution of 3 mm. The hodoscope equipment has been upgraded as well during the CABRI facility renovation. This paper presents the main outcomes achieved with the hodoscope since October 2015, date of the first criticality of the CABRI reactor in its new Cabri Water Loop configuration. Results obtained during reactor commissioning phase functioning, either in steady-state mode (at low and high power, up to 23 MW) or in transient mode (start-up, possibly beyond 20 GW), are discussed.
Performance assessment of imaging plates for the JHR transfer Neutron Imaging System
Authors: Simon E. , Guimbal P. 
Published: January 2018

The underwater Neutron Imaging System to be installed in the Jules Horowitz Reactor (JHR-NIS) is based on a transfer method using a neutron activated beta-emitter like Dysprosium. The information stored in the converter is to be offline transferred on a specific imaging system, still to be defined. Solutions are currently under investigation for the JHR-NIS in order to anticipate the disappearance of radiographic films commonly used in these applications. We report here the performance assessment of Computed Radiography imagers (Imaging Plates) performed at LLB/Orphée (CEA Saclay).Several imaging plate types are studied, in one hand in the configuration involving an intimate contact with an activated dysprosium foil converter: Fuji BAS-TR, Fuji UR-1 and Carestream Flex XL Blue imaging plates, and in the other hand by using a prototypal imaging plate doped with dysprosium and thus not needing any contact with a separate converter foil. The results for these imaging plates are compared with those obtained with gadolinium doped imaging plate used in direct neutron imaging (Fuji BAS-ND).The detection performances of the different imagers are compared regarding resolution and noise.The many advantages of using imaging plates over radiographic films (high sensitivity, linear response, high dynamic range) could palliate its lower intrinsic resolution.
In-Pile Qualification of the Fast-Neutron-Detection-System
Authors: Fourmentel D. , Villard J-F. , Destouches C. , Geslot B. , Vermeeren L. , Schyns M. 
Published: January 2018

In order to improve measurement techniques for neutron flux assessment, a unique system for online measurement of fast neutron flux has been developed and recently qualified in-pile by the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) in cooperation with the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•ECEN). The Fast-Neutron-Detection-System (FNDS) has been designed to monitor accurately high-energy neutrons flux (E > 1 MeV) in typical Material Testing Reactor conditions, where overall neutron flux level can be as high as 1015 n.cm-2.s-1 and is generally dominated by thermal neutrons. Moreover, the neutron flux is coupled with a high gamma flux of typically a few 1015 γ.cm-2.s-1, which can be highly disturbing for the online measurement of neutron fluxes.
The patented FNDS system is based on two detectors, including a miniature fission chamber with a special fissile material presenting an energy threshold near 1 MeV, which can be 242Pu for MTR conditions. Fission chambers are operated in Campbelling mode for an efficient gamma rejection. FNDS also includes a specific software that processes measurements to compensate online the fissile material depletion and to adjust the sensitivity of the detectors, in order to produce a precise evaluation of both thermal and fast neutron flux even after long term irradiation.
FNDS has been validated through a two-step experimental program. A first set of tests was performed at BR2 reactor operated by SCK•CEN in Belgium. Then a second test was recently completed at ISIS reactor operated by CEA in France. FNDS proved its ability to measure online the fast neutron flux with an overall accuracy better than 5%.
Simulated Performances of a Very High Energy Tomograph for Non-Destructive Characterization of large objects
Authors: Kistler Marc , Estre Nicolas , Merle Elsa 
Published: January 2018

As part of its R&D activities on high-energy X-ray imaging for non-destructive characterization, the Nuclear Measurement Laboratory has started an upgrade of its imaging system currently implemented at the CEA-Cadarache center. The goals are to achieve a sub-millimeter spatial resolution and the ability to perform tomographies on very large objects (more than 100-cm standard concrete or 40-cm steel). This paper presentsresults on the detection part of the imaging system.
The upgrade of the detection part needs a thorough study of the performance of two detectors: a series of CdTe semiconductor sensors and two arrays of segmented CdWO4 scintillators with different pixel sizes. This study consists in a Quantum Accounting Diagram (QAD) analysis coupled with Monte-Carlo simulations. The scintillator arrays are able to detect millimeter details through 140 cm of concrete, but are limited to 120 cm for smaller ones. CdTe sensors have lower but more stable performance, with a 0.5 mm resolution for 90 cm of concrete. The choice of the detector then depends on the preferred characteristic: the spatial resolution or the use on large volumes. The combination of the features of the source and the studies on the detectors gives the expected performance of the whole equipment, in terms of signal-over-noise ratio (SNR), spatial resolution and acquisition time.
Storyboard as a Representation of Urban Architectural Settings
Authors: Rahman Wahid Arif , Atmodiwirjo Paramita 
Published: January 2018

Narrative, as one of the closest aspect to human experience, is sometimes overlooked because of its subtlety with everyday life. The study of its representation, narratology, discusses the manner of selling space and time as a series of interconnected events instead of independent occurrences. It offers an interesting view in rethinking architecture, in particular, its representations. In architectural education, dialogue between the two fields will change the way the next generation architecture graduates tell their ideas. Current architecture schools should not be looked as factories that produce only future architects. It is proven by the fact that some, if not most, graduates will have jobs other than professional architects. They may work as set designers, filmmakers, artists, or invent their own field. Architecture schools, at their best, are more about how to ensure the students can perform spatial thinking and expressing their ideas through representation. All of these circumstances lead to the importance of multidisciplinary discourse in architecture education.
This paper aims to explore the potential of storyboarding practice in Basic Design 2 studio as part of architectural education at University of Indonesia. Adopting a narrative element, storyboard in this studio is used to read urban architectural settings and retell everyday life events; scene by scene, unfold in space and time, through different kinds of creative representations. By doing this exercise, the students ‘sense of spatial arrangement is developed by their understanding of position and orientation of objects settings. They also learned about how the time works; both in compressed or expanded ways. Decision-making in choosing the key events within the storyboard plays a role in making engaging visuals. In conclusion, storyboarding exercise to represent urban architectural settings will enhance the students ‘sensitivity of space, time, and how their ideas are being told by making a rich, multi-layers of narrative.
Imaging of Ligamentous Structures within the Knee Includes Much More Than the ACL
Authors: Yablon Corrie , Gaetke-Udager Kara 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLigamentous structures of the knee are numerous and complex, including the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, medial and lateral collateral ligaments, ligaments of the posteromedial and posterolateral corners, and the anterolateral ligament. Clinical assessment after a knee injury is paramount and can direct both the clinician's choice of imaging study and the radiologist's interpretation. Imaging is crucial in that it provides additional information for diagnosis, management, and surgical planning. Multiple imaging modalities can be used in the evaluation of the knee injuries, with radiographs an important baseline study, magnetic resonance imaging as the best tool for a comprehensive assessment including cruciate ligament evaluation, and ultrasound useful in evaluating superficial structures. Knowledge of both normal and pathological appearances of ligamentous structures, as well as typical injury patterns, is useful not only for radiologists but also for clinicians who manage patients with knee pain.
Behandlung im Voraus planen – Bedeutung für die Intensiv- und Notfallmedizin
Authors: Nauck Friedemann , Marckmann Georg , in der Schmitten Jürgen 
Published: January 2018

ZusammenfassungBehandlung im Voraus planen (BVP) – im Englischen Advance Care Planning (ACP) – etabliert sich auch in Deutschland als ein neues Konzept zur Realisierung wirksamer Patientenverfügungen. Das Konzept beinhaltet Prozesse zur Ermittlung, Dokumentation und Umsetzung von Behandlungswünschen für den Fall, dass die Betroffenen nicht (mehr) selbst entscheiden können.
„Das Kind hat einen Fremdkörper verschluckt“ – was tun?
Authors: Kaufmann Jost , Laschat Michael , Wappler Frank 
Published: January 2018

ZusammenfassungSowohl Ingestions- als auch Aspirationsunfälle sind häufige Ereignisse bei Kindern. Sie können unmittelbar lebensbedrohlich sein oder bei fehlender direkter Bedrohung dennoch erhebliche langfristige Beeinträchtigungen für die Kinder verursachen. Der Beitrag zeigt die diagnostischen und therapeutischen Möglichkeiten und Notwendigkeiten auf, durch die eine bestmögliche Sicherheit und möglichst geringe Folgeschäden zu gewährleisten sind.
„Lernen im geschützten Umfeld“: Implementierung in die Fort- und Weiterbildung
Authors: Sieg Lion , Friedrich Lars , Eismann Hendrik 
Published: January 2018

ZusammenfassungAktuelle Aus- und Fortbildungskonzepte in der Akut- oder Notfallmedizin beinhalten Simulations- und Skill-Trainings unter Berücksichtigung von Methoden und Mechanismen der Fehler- und Zwischenfallprävention wie Human Factors, Shared mental Models und Closed-Loop-Communication. Immer noch ungeklärt ist die Frage nach der optimalen Kombination der einzelnen Methoden und Inhalte eines Fortbildungsprogramms in Abhängigkeit von individuellen Abteilungen eines Krankenhauses und dem einzelnen Mitarbeiter bzw. seinem individuellen Ausbildungsstand. Ein von uns angebotenes Konzept ist das „Lernen im geschützten Umfeld“: Hier werden Teilnehmer und Patient vor den negativen Auswirkungen einer konventionellen klinisch-praktischen Ausbildungssituation beschützt. Gleichzeitig profitieren die Teilnehmer in unserem Fortbildungsprogramm von standardisierten Kursmodellen. Das Ziel der optimalen Vorbereitung auf die klinische Tätigkeit und einer möglichst praktischen bzw. wirklichkeitsnahen Aus- und Fortbildung wird durch eine ständige Re-Evaluation der Inhalte und Methoden komplettiert. Die Implementierung eines solchen multimodalen Teamtrainings ist für jede Institution individuell anzupassen. Die Methoden zur Implementierung sollten standardisiert angewendet werden. Wir empfehlen eine Curriculumsentwicklung auf Grundlage des „Kern-Zyklus“. Auf dieser Basis gelingt die Kombination aus „Lernen im geschützten Umfeld“ und Zwischenfalltraining zur optimalen Vorbereitung auf eine akutmedizinische, klinische Tätigkeit mit dem Ziel einer höchstmöglichen Patientensicherheit.
The first high frequency of recombination-like conjugal transfer from an integrated origin of transfer sequence in Bacillus subtilis 168
Authors: Itaya Mitsuhiro , Hasegawa Miki , Tomita Masaru , Sato Mitsuru 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Bacillus subtilis 168 was developed as a genome vector to manipulate large DNA fragments. The system is based on the inherent natural transformation (TF) activity. However, DNA size transferred by TF is limited up to approximately 100 kb. A conjugal transfer system capable of transferring DNA fragments considerably larger than those transferred by TF was developed. A well-defined oriT110 sequence and a cognate relaxase gene from the pUB110 plasmid were inserted into the xkdE gene of the B. subtilis genome. Transfer of antibiotic resistance markers distant from the oriT110 locus to the recipient B. subtilis occurred only in the presence of pLS20, a helper plasmid that provides a type IV secretion system. Marker transmission was consistent with the orientation of oriT110 and required a recA-proficient recipient. The first conjugal transfer system of genomic DNA should provide a valuable alternative genetic tool for editing the B. subtilis genome.
Social physique anxiety and physical activity behaviour of male and female exercisers
Authors: Portman Robert M. , Bradbury Jane , Lewis Kiara 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDespite females consistently reporting greater social physique anxiety (SPA), previous literature has yet to demonstrate whether SPA gender differences are linked to the way males and females perform physical activity. This study investigated an association between SPA and physical activity frequency, history of exercise, and physical activity intensity. Participants were represented by currently active users (N = 33 males; N = 31 females) of an on‐campus university‐run gym and completed a background physical activity questionnaire and the nine‐item Social Physique Anxiety Scale. Participants also performed an exercise session at a self‐selected level of exertion, with the intensity of each session measured via heart rate monitor. SPA was not associated with physical activity frequency, history of exercise (length of gym membership), or intensity for male and female exercisers. With respect to male participants, females reported higher SPA and a preference for performing higher intensity physical activity. Females and males also indicated a preference for performing aerobic and anaerobic physical activity respectively. Our findings suggest the experience of SPA does not deter body‐conscious individuals from the performance of regular physical activity. Findings also suggest the discrepancy in male and female SPA is not linked to differences in the way physical activity is performed.
Time of day and short‐duration high‐intensity exercise influences on coagulation and fibrinolysis
Authors: Zadow Emma Kate , Kitic Cecilia Marie , Wu Sam Shi Xuan , Fell James William , Adams Murray John 
Published: January 2018

AbstractExercise has been demonstrated to have considerable effects upon haemostasis, with activation dependent upon the duration and intensity of the exercise bout. In addition, markers of coagulation and fibrinolysis have been shown to possess circadian rhythms, peaking within the morning (0600–1200 h). Therefore, the time of day in which exercise is performed may influence the activation of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems. This study aimed to examine coagulation and fibrinolytic responses to short‐duration high‐intensity exercise when completed at different times of the day. Fifteen male cyclists (VO2max: 60.3 ± 8.1 ml kg−1 min−1) completed a 4‐km cycling time trial (TT) on five separate occasions at 0830, 1130, 1430, 1730 and 2030. Venous blood samples were obtained pre‐ and immediately post‐exercise, and analysed for tissue factor (TF), tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), thrombin–anti‐thrombin complexes (TAT) and D‐Dimer. Exercise significantly increased plasma concentrations of TF (p < .0005), TFPI (p < .0006), TAT complexes (p < .0012) and D‐Dimer (p < .0003). There was a time‐of‐day effect in pre‐exercise TF (p = .004) and TFPI (p = .031), with 0830 greater than 1730 (p .001), while 1730 was less than 2030 h (p = .008), respectively. There was no significant effect of time of day for TAT (p = .364) and D‐Dimer (p = .228). Power output, TT time and heart rate were not significantly different between TTs (p > .05); however, percentage VO2max was greater at 1730 when compared to 2030 (p = .04). Due to a time‐of‐day effect present within TF, peaking at 0830, caution should be applied when prescribing short‐duration high‐intensity exercise bout within the morning in populations predisposed to hypercoagulability.
Evaluation and management of a large incidentally discovered renal mass
Authors: Quincy Brenda L. , Fauquher Lori 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
Increasingly, renal cell cancer is diagnosed because of an incidental finding of a renal mass on an imaging study. Incidentally discovered masses are more likely to be small and, if malignant, represent localized renal cell cancer. The imaging features of the tumor and patient characteristics inform the management options, which favor a nephron-sparing approach over radical nephrectomy. Clinical stage at the time of diagnosis has important prognostic implications for the patient. This article reviews the presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and management of an incidentally discovered renal mass.