bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Placental development and function in women with a history of placenta‐related complications: a systematic review
Authors: Reijnders Ignatia F. , Mulders Annemarie G.M.G.J. , Koster Maria P.H. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntroductionWomen with a history of placenta‐related pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction or preterm delivery, have an increased risk for recurrence of such complications. This recurrence is likely the result of underlying endothelial dysfunction that leads to abnormal placentation, especially in complications with an early onset. This study provides an overview of biomarkers of placental development and function in pregnancies from women with a history of placenta‐related complications.Material and methodsA systematic literature search was conducted limited to human studies and including keywords related to a history of placenta‐related complications and markers of placental development and function. Two independent reviewers assessed eligibility and quality of 1553 retrieved unique articles.ResultsFive articles reporting on placental development and function in women with an obstetric history of preeclampsia (n = 3), intrauterine growth restriction (n = 1) and preterm delivery (n = 2) were eligible for quality assessment. We identified associations between a history of preeclampsia and abnormal placental histological findings at term in the current pregnancy, but found contradictory results regarding presence of uterine artery notching. In women with a history of very preterm delivery (<32 weeks), one study showed associations with abnormal placental histology.ConclusionLiterature on the association between a history of placenta‐related complications and placental development and function in subsequent pregnancies is scarce and studies are heterogeneous. However, literature shows that placenta‐related pregnancy complications are associated with subsequent placental histology.
Giving versus acting: Using latent profile analysis to distinguish between benevolent and activist support for global poverty reduction
Authors: Thomas Emma F. , McGarty Craig 
Published: November 2017

There are a variety of ways that people can respond to inequality. This article considers the distinction between collective giving and collective acting, but also adopts a focus on the people who engage in those behaviours. Benevolent supporters engage in efforts to alleviate suffering through the transfer of money or provision of goods (‘giving’), while activist supporters engage in actions that aim to challenging an underlying injustice or exploitation (‘acting’). Using samples obtained through anti‐poverty non‐governmental organizations (N = 2,340), latent profile analysis suggested two qualitatively different forms of support for global poverty reduction: a benevolent supporter profile (defined by moderate levels of charitable support) and an activist supporter profile (defined by engagement in a suite of socio‐political actions). The two forms of support are predicted by different appraisals for, emotional reactions to (outrage v sympathy), and social change beliefs about, global injustice. Results highlight the theoretical and practical importance of considering subgroup differences in how social justice is pursued.
Sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism and stone disease: a comprehensive metabolic evaluation before and after parathyroidectomy
Authors: Marchini Giovanni S. , Faria Kauy V. M. , Torricelli Fábio C. M. , Monga Manoj , Srougi Miguel , Nahas William C. , Mazzucchi Eduardo 
Published: November 2017

ObjectivesTo characterize the stone risk and the impact of parathyroidectomy on the metabolic profile of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and urolithiasis.Patients and MethodsWe analysed the prospectively collected charts of patients treated at our stone clinic between January 2001 and January 2016 searching for patients with PHPT and urolithiasis. Imaging evaluation of the kidneys, bones and parathyroid glands was assessed. We analysed the demographic data, serum and urinary variables before and after parathyroidectomy. We used a paired t‐test, Fisher's test, Spearman's test and anova in the statistical analysis.ResultsA total of 51 patients were included. The mean patient age was 57.1 ± 12.1 years and 82.4% were women. Before parathyroidectomy, mean calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were 11.2 ± 1.0 mg/dL and 331 ± 584 pg/dL, respectively. Hypercalcaemia was present in 84.3% of patients. All eight patients with normal calcium levels had elevated PTH levels. Only two patients did not have PTH above the normal range, although both had elevated calcium levels. The most common urinary disorders were low urinary volume (64.7%), hypercalciuria (60.8%), high urinary pH (41.2%) and hypocitraturia (31.4%). After parathyroidectomy, the number of patients with hypercalcaemia (n = 4; 7.8%), elevated PTH (n = 17; 33.3%) and hypophosphataemia (n = 3; 5.9%) significantly decreased (P < 0.001). The number of urinary abnormalities decreased and there was a reduction in urinary calcium (P < 0.001), pH (P = 0.001) and citrate levels (P = 0.003).ConclusionIndividuals with PHPT and nephrolithiasis frequently have elevated baseline PTH and calcium levels. Low volume, hypercalciuria, high urinary pH, and hypocitraturia are the most frequent urinary disorders. Parathyroidectomy is effective in normalizing serum calcium and PTH levels, although other urinary metabolic may persist. Patients should be monitored for the need for citrate supplementation.
Intracorporeal robot‐assisted radical cystectomy, together with an enhanced recovery programme, improves postoperative outcomes by aggregating marginal gains
Authors: Tan Wei Shen , Tan Mae‐Yen , Lamb Benjamin W. , Sridhar Ashwin , Mohammed Anna , Baker Hilary , Nathan Senthil , Briggs Timothy , Tan Melanie , Kelly John D. 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveTo assess the cumulative effect of an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathway and minimally invasive robot‐assisted radical cystectomy with intracorporeal urinary diversion (iRARC) in comparison with open radical cystectomy (ORC) on length of hospital stay (LOS) and peri‐operative outcomes.Materials and MethodsBetween February 2009 and October 2017, 304 radical cystectomy cases were performed at a single institution (ORC, n = 54; robot‐assisted radical cystectomy [RARC], n = 250). Data were prospectively collected. We identified 45 consecutive ORC cases performed without ERAS before the commencement of the RARC programme (Cohort A), 50 consecutive iRARC cases performed without ERAS (Cohort B) and 40 iRARC cases with ERAS (Cohort C). The primary outcome measure was LOS, while secondary outcome measures included peri‐operative 90‐day complications and readmission rate. Complications were accessed using the Clavien–Dindo system.ResultsPatients in all cohorts were evenly matched with regard to age, sex, body mass index, neoadjuvant treatment, tumour stage, lymph node yield, previous pelvic radiotherapy and surgery, peri‐operative anaemia, as well as physiological state. Patients who underwent iRARC with ERAS had a significantly higher American Society of Anesthesiologists score (III–IV) and were more likely to receive neobladder reconstruction. The median (interquartile range) LOS was shorter in the iRARC with ERAS group (7 [6–10]) days than in the iRARC without ERAS group (11 [8–15]) days and the ORC group (17 [14–21] days). In a propensity score‐matched cohort of patients who underwent iRARC, patients who followed the ERAS pathway had significantly lower 90‐day readmission rates. Additionally, implementing ERAS in an iRARC cohort resulted in a significantly lower 90‐day all (P < 0.001) and gastrointestinal‐related complications (P = 0.001). The ERAS pathway and younger patients were independently associated with an LOS of ≤10 days on multinomial logistic regression.ConclusionA comprehensive ERAS programme can significantly reduce LOS in patients undergoing iRARC without increasing 90‐day readmission rates. An ERAS programme can augment the benefits of iRARC in improving peri‐operative outcomes. In studies comparing ORC and RARC, the presence or absence of an ERAS programme will be a confounding factor and only level 1 evidence can be interpreted reliably.
The neurovascular structure‐adjacent frozen‐section examination (NeuroSAFE) approach to nerve sparing in robot‐assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in a British setting – a prospective observational comparative study
Authors: Mirmilstein George , Rai Bhavan Prasad , Gbolahan Olayinka , Srirangam Vinaya , Narula Ashish , Agarwal Samita , Lane Tim M. , Vasdev Nikhil , Adshead James 
Published: November 2017

ObjectivesTo evaluate the neurovascular structure‐adjacent frozen‐section examination (NeuroSAFE) technique in a British setting in men undergoing robot‐assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) .Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively analysed our prospectively maintained database of patients who underwent RALP between November 2008 and February 2017. We examined preoperative pathological and functional parameters, intraoperative nerve sparing (NS), postoperative histology, as well as functional and oncological follow‐up. We compared those who had a NeuroSAFE approach and those who had NS without NeuroSAFE. We also compared all the RALPs before and after the introduction of NeuroSAFE. Statistical analysis was done using the two‐tailed t‐test and chi‐squared analysis.ResultsThis single surgeon series included 417 RALPs, including 120 NeuroSAFEs. The NeuroSAFE cohort had a greater proportion of D'Amico high‐risk disease (30.8% vs 9.6%, P < 0.001), higher Gleason scores and higher pT stage compared to the non‐NeuroSAFE NS cohort. After the introduction of NeuroSAFE, more preoperatively potent men underwent bilateral NS with pT2 disease (84.6% vs 66.3%, P = 0.002) and more overall NS were performed in patients with pT3 disease (65.1% vs 36.7%, P = 0.012). Overall positive surgical margin (PSM) rates were lower in the NeuroSAFE cohort compared to those who had NS without NeuroSAFE (9.2% vs 17.8%, P = 0.04). The 12‐month potency rates were also higher in the NeuroSAFE cohort for both bilateral (77.3% vs 50.9%, P = 0.009) and unilateral (70.6% vs 40%, P = 0.04) NS. Pad‐free continence was also higher in the NeuroSAFE group (85.7% vs 70.9%, P = 0.019), but there was no significant difference between those who were wearing ≤1 safety pad. Although we only had short‐term oncological follow‐up, it did not significantly differ between the two groups.ConclusionAdoption of NeuroSAFE allowed us to offer NS in higher risk patients, whilst reducing PSM rates and at the same time improving potency at 12 months.
Need for multiscale planning for conservation of urban bats
Authors: Gallo Travis , Lehrer Elizabeth W. , Fidino Mason , Kilgour R. Julia , Wolff Patrick J. , Magle Seth B. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFor over a century there have been continual efforts to incorporate nature into urban planning. These efforts (i.e., urban reconciliation) aim to manage and create habitats that support biodiversity within cities. Given that species select habitat at different spatial scales, understanding the scale at which urban species respond to their environment is critical to the success of urban reconciliation efforts. We assessed species–habitat relationships for common bat species at 50‐m, 500‐m, and 1 km spatial scales in the Chicago (U.S.A.) metropolitan area and predicted bat activity across the greater Chicago region. Habitat characteristics across all measured scales were important predictors of silver‐haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans) and eastern red bat (Lasiurus borealis) activity, and big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus) activity was significantly lower at urban sites relative to rural sites. Open vegetation had a negative effect on silver‐haired bat activity at the 50‐m scale but a positive effect at the 500‐m scale, indicating potential shifts in the relative importance of some habitat characteristics at different scales. These results demonstrate that localized effects may be constrained by broader spatial patterns. Our findings highlight the importance of considering scale in urban reconciliation efforts and our landscape predictions provide information that can help prioritize urban conservation work.
Coherence in the Visual Imagination
Authors: Vertolli Michael O. , Kelly Mary Alexandria , Davies Jim 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAn incoherent visualization is when aspects of different senses of a word (e.g., the biological “mouse” vs. the computer “mouse”) are present in the same visualization (e.g., a visualization of a biological mouse in the same image with a computer tower). We describe and implement a new model of creating contextual coherence in the visual imagination called Coherencer, based on the SOILIE model of imagination. We show that Coherencer is able to generate scene descriptions that are more coherent than SOILIE's original approach as well as a parallel connectionist algorithm that is considered competitive in the literature on general coherence. We also show that co‐occurrence probabilities are a better association representation than holographic vectors and that better models of coherence improve the resulting output independent of the association type that is used. Theoretically, we show that Coherencer is consistent with other models of cognitive generation. In particular, Coherencer is a similar, but more cognitively plausible model than the C3 model of concept combination created by Costello and Keane (2000). We show that Coherencer is also consistent with both the modal schematic indices of perceptual symbol systems theory (Barsalou, 1999) and the amodal contextual constraints of Thagard's (2002) theory of coherence. Finally, we describe how Coherencer is consistent with contemporary research on the hippocampus, and we show evidence that the process of making a visualization coherent is serial.
Interannual bumble bee abundance is driven by indirect climate effects on floral resource phenology
Authors: Ogilvie Jane E. , Griffin Sean R. , Gezon Zachariah J. , Inouye Brian D. , Underwood Nora , Inouye David W. , Irwin Rebecca E. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractClimate change can influence consumer populations both directly, by affecting survival and reproduction, and indirectly, by altering resources. However, little is known about the relative importance of direct and indirect effects, particularly for species important to ecosystem functioning, like pollinators. We used structural equation modelling to test the importance of direct and indirect (via floral resources) climate effects on the interannual abundance of three subalpine bumble bee species. In addition, we used long‐term data to examine how climate and floral resources have changed over time. Over 8 years, bee abundances were driven primarily by the indirect effects of climate on the temporal distribution of floral resources. Over 43 years, aspects of floral phenology changed in ways that indicate species‐specific effects on bees. Our study suggests that climate‐driven alterations in floral resource phenology can play a critical role in governing bee population responses to global change.
Hepatic and hippocampal cytochrome P450 enzyme overexpression during spontaneous recurrent seizures
Authors: Runtz Leonie , Girard Benoit , Toussenot Marion , Espallergues Julie , Fayd'Herbe De Maudave Alexis , Milman Alexandre , deBock Frederic , Ghosh Chaitali , Guérineau Nathalie C. , Pascussi Jean‐Marc , Bertaso Federica , Marchi Nicola 
Published: November 2017

SummaryObjectiveAvailable evidence points to a role of cytochrome P450 (Cyp) drug biotransformation enzymes in central nervous system diseases, including epilepsy. Deviations in drug pharmacokinetic profiles may impact therapeutic outcomes. Here, we ask whether spontaneous recurrent seizure (SRS) activity is sufficient to modulate the expression of major Cyp enzymes in the liver and brain.MethodsUnilateral intrahippocampal (IH) kainic acid (KA) injections were used to elicit nonconvulsive status epilepticus (SE), epileptogenesis, and SRS, as monitored by video‐electroencephalography. Intraperitoneal (IP) KA injection was used to trigger generalized tonic‐clonic SE. KA‐injected mice and sham controls were sacrificed at 24‐72 hours and 1 week post‐SE (IH or IP KA), and during the chronic stage (SRS; 6 weeks post‐IH KA). Liver and brain tissues were processed for histology, real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, or microsomal enzymatic assay. Cyp2e1, Cyp3a13, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), IBA1, xenobiotic nuclear receptors nr1i2 (PXR), nr1i3 (CAR) and nr3c1 (glucocorticoid receptor [GR]) expression was examined. Serum samples were obtained to assay corticosterone levels, a GR activator.ResultsA significant increase of Cyp3a13 and Cyp2e1 transcript level and protein expression was found in the liver and hippocampi during SRS, as compared to control mice. In the ipsilateral hippocampus, Cyp2e1 and Cyp3a protein upregulation during SRS positively correlated to GFAP expression. GFAP+, and not IBA1+, cells colocalized with Cyp2e1 or Cyp3a expression. In the liver, a trend increase in Cyp3a microsomal activity was found during SRS as compared to control mice. The transcript levels of the Cyp upstream regulators GR, xenobiotic nr1i2, and nr1i3 receptors were unchanged at SRS. Corticosterone levels, a GR ligand, were increased in the blood post‐SE.SignificanceSRS modifies Cyp expression in the liver and the hippocampus. Nuclear receptors or inflammatory pathways are candidate mechanisms of Cyp regulation during seizures.
The relation between cortisol and functional connectivity in people with and without stress‐sensitive epilepsy
Authors: den Heijer Jonas M. , Otte Willem M. , van Diessen Eric , van Campen Jolien S. , Lorraine Hompe E. , Jansen Floor E. , Joels Marian , Braun Kees P. J. , Sander Josemir W. , Zijlmans Maeike 
Published: November 2017

SummaryObjectiveThe most common reported seizure‐precipitant is stress. We recently showed a biologic basis for stress sensitivity of seizures: cortisol levels in people with stress‐sensitive epilepsy correlated with focal interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) on electroencephalography (EEG). Here we aimed to determine whether the effect of cortisol on the epileptic brain is global or focal, and whether cortisol affects all brains or just those of stress‐sensitive people. Because epilepsy is associated with changes in functional brain connectivity, we studied the relationship between cortisol and changes in global and focal (node‐centered) functional connectivity measures for individuals with stress‐sensitive and non–stress‐sensitive epilepsy.MethodsSeventeen people with epilepsy underwent long‐term (>24 h) EEG recording. During the first 5 h after waking, saliva was collected every 15 min for cortisol measurements. Theta‐band functional connectivity was assessed for every 15 min of the recording. We calculated the average phase‐lag index (PLI) between all channels as a measure of global functional connectivity. We used network Strength, the averaged PLI per channel, as focal functional connectivity measure. We correlated cortisol, global, and focal functional connectivity (Strength) with IED frequency using linear mixed models. Analyses were split for people with and without stress‐sensitivity of seizures.ResultsCortisol was negatively correlated with global functional connectivity in people with stress‐sensitive seizures (estimate −0.0020; P < .01), whereas not in those without stress‐sensitivity (estimate −0.0003; P = .46). This relationship occurred irrespective of the presence of IEDs on a channel (channels without IEDs and stress‐sensitivity: estimate −0.0019; P < .01, non–stress‐sensitive −0.0003; P = .41). Global and focal functional connectivity were negatively correlated with IED frequency, irrespective of stress sensitivity of seizures or channel type.SignificancePeople with stress‐sensitive epilepsy have a whole‐brain neuronal response to cortisol that is different from that of people with non–stress‐sensitive epilepsy. This offers a basis for understanding seizure genesis in stress‐sensitive epilepsy, which might require a different treatment approach.
Management Risk Incentives and the Readability of Corporate Disclosures
Authors: Chakrabarty Bidisha , Seetharaman Ananth , Swanson Zane , Wang Xu (Frank) 
Published: November 2017

AbstractManagers with higher risk incentives (greater options vega) issue less readable disclosures. Firms in the top quartile of vega file annual reports that are about 15.4% more voluminous than those in the bottom quartile. The effect of vega on obfuscation remains after controlling for firm risk, operating complexities, accounting and auditor choices, chief executive officer changes, and an exogenous shock to option compensation. This effect is tempered by higher institutional ownership, lower management entrenchment, and greater analyst following. Obfuscation benefits managers by increasing return volatility (option value) and allowing greater earnings management. These findings document a new link between options and disclosure transparency.
Impact of preserved collateral veins on small‐for‐size grafts in living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Kim Seong Hoon , Lee Eung Chang , Park Sang Jae 
Published: November 2017

AimGraft size is a critical issue in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). We hypothesized that too much portal flow could possibly be diverted into pre‐existing collateral veins, alleviating small‐for‐size syndrome (SFSS) in LDLT. This study evaluated the impact of the preserved collateral veins in the outcomes of LDLT using a small‐for‐size graft.MethodsFor patient safety, a graft‐to‐recipient weight ratio (GRWR) <0.8% was strictly confined to patients with collateral veins (group A), and the patient group was compared in a 1:3 ratio to a matched group of patients with GRWR ≥0.8% (group B) using propensity score analysis.ResultsForty and 120 patients were included in group A and B, respectively. No significant differences in baseline patient characteristics were observed between the two groups except for graft weight and GRWR. The lowest GRWR was 0.4%. The graft portal inflow showed no significant differences for 7 days after graft implantation, ranging from 1668 to 5100 mL/min. Small‐for‐size syndrome occurred in no patients (0.0%) in group A and in 10 (8.3%) in group B (P = 0.067). Overall survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were not different between the two groups (85.0%, 82.5%, and 82.5% vs. 92.5%, 86.7%, and 85.0%, respectively; P = 0.670).ConclusionPre‐existing collateral veins saved during surgery may have a reserve buffer for excessive portal flow to obviate SFSS in LDLT.