bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Datation archéomagnétique de deux fours du haut Moyen-Âge à Cumes (Campanie, Italie)
Authors: Hervé Gwenael , Munzi-Santoriello Priscilla , Lanos Philippe , Brun Jean-Pierre , Caputo Paolo , Regis Cristina 
Published: February 2017

La datation archéomagnétique porte sur deux fours
découverts dans la ville basse de Cumes, un four de tuilier retrouvé
dans la nécropole de la Porte médiane et un four de potier retrouvé
près de la Cava greca. Les deux fours sont
datés par la stratigraphie et la typochronologie entre le ve et le viie siècle apr. J.-C. Les
échantillons, prélevés par carottage dans les briques des parois des
fours, ont été analysés par désaimantation thermique et par le
protocole de Thellier-Thellier. Les deux fours donnent de très bons
résultats d’archéointensité et présentent un très bon regroupement des
directions d’aimantation. La différence significative entre les deux
archéointensités moyennes indique que la fin du fonctionnement des
deux fours n’est pas contemporaine. La datation archéomagnétique a été
réalisée avec les prédictions à Cumes du modèle géomagnétique européen
SCHA.DIF.3k. Le four de la Cava greca est daté
entre 590 et 640 apr. J.-C. à 95 % de confiance. Au même niveau de
confiance, le four FR59006 de la nécropole de la Porte médiane est
daté entre 540 et 645 apr. J.-C. La seconde moitié du vie siècle apparaît la
période la plus probable. Ces deux datations archéomagnétiques
confortent et précisent les datations archéologiques. Nos résultats
placent le fonctionnement des deux secteurs artisanaux à l’époque
byzantine et documentent les réappropriations médiévales de la ville
antique.
Le complexe minier gaulois des Barrencs (Aude, France) dans son contexte géologique et minéralogique
Authors: Munteanu Gabriel , Kammenthaler Eric , Mantenant Julien , Rico Christian , Fabre Jean-Marc , Beyrie Argitxu 
Published: February 2017

Les travaux miniers anciens des Barrencs, situés dans la vallée de l’Orbiel sur un plateau qui sépare les villages de Lastours et de Fournes-Cabardès (Aude), ont été découverts dès la fin du xixe siècle. Pendant plus d’un siècle ils ont été présentés comme l’œuvre des Romains. Entre 2009 et 2012 les travaux miniers ont fait l’objet d’un projet de recherche porté par une équipe spécialisée dans l’archéologie minière du laboratoire TRACES de l’université de Toulouse 2-Jean Jaurès. Les recherches ont mis en évidence un vaste complexe minier qui a exploité des structures filoniennes verticales à sub-verticales démontrant une parfaite organisation et un haut niveau technique de la part des mineurs. Cette nouvelle étude a permis de faire remonter la plus grande partie de l’activité minière au second âge du Fer. L’étude géologique menée en interaction directe avec les investigations archéologiques démontre une excellente maîtrise de l’exploitation, basée sur une bonne connaissance géologique empirique. Elle a guidé les anciens mineurs lors de la reconnaissance du gisement et, par la suite, pour l’exploitation des zones riches. Les analyses minéralogiques et élémentaires réalisées sur un échantillonnage systématique conduit au sein des travaux étudiés mettent en évidence une minéralisation épithermale riche en cuivre, argent et plomb. La composition minéralogique des minerais du gisement est dominée par la pyrite, la chalcopyrite, les « cuivres gris » argentifères, la galène et la galène argentifère, la sphalérite et des sulfures de cuivre souvent argentifères. Des sulfures et des sulfosels complexes d’argent, de cuivre et de plomb constituent la fraction mineure. Il ressort que pour les anciens mineurs, le minerai exploité était riche en cuivre, en argent et en plomb. Mais, la mine est loin d’avoir révélé tous ses secrets et des recherches complémentaires seront nécessaires pour estimer les volumes de minerai extrait, les modalités de traitement des minerais, le type de production ou le commerce.
Early and simultaneous detection ofNosema bombycis(Microsporidia: Nosematidae), nucleopolyhedrovirus (Baculoviridae), and densovirus (Parvoviridae) by multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction inBombyx mori(Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)
Authors: Wu Shan , He Yong-Qiang , Lu Xing-Meng , Zhang Xiao-Feng , Shuai Jiang-Bing , Yu Hui-Zhen , Jin Chen-Chen , Mo Hong-Fei 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAn effective multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the simultaneous detection of three major pathogens,Nosema bombycisNägeli (Microsporidia: Nosematidae),Bombyx morinucleopolyhedrovirus (Baculoviridae: genusAlphabaculovirus) (NPV), andBombyx moridensovirus (Parvoviridae: genusIteravirus) (DNV), in silkworms (Bombyx mori(Linnaeus); Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) was developed in this study. Polymerase chain reaction and real-time PCR tests and basic local alignment search tool searches revealed that the primers and probes used in this study had high specificities for their target species. The ability of each primer/probe set to detect pure pathogen DNA was determined using a plasmid dilution panel, in which under optimal conditions the multiplex real-time PCR assay showed high efficiency in the detection of three mixed target plasmids with a detection limit of 8.5×103copies forN. bombycisandBombyx moriNPV (BmNPV) and 8.5×104copies forBombyx moriDNV (BmDNV). When the ability to detect these three pathogens was examined in artificially inoculated silkworms, our method presented a number of advantages over traditional microscopy, including specificity, sensitivity, and high-throughput capabilities. Under the optimal volume ratio for the three primer/probe sets (3:2:2=N. bombycis:BmNPV:BmDNV), the multiplex real-time PCR assay showed early detection of BmNPV and BmDNV by day 1 post inoculation using DNA templates of the three pathogens in various combinations from individually infected silkworms; the early detection ofN. bombyciswas possible by day 3 post inoculation using the DNA isolated from the midgut ofN. bombycis-infected silkworms.
Ex-Th17 (Nonclassical Th1) Cells Are Functionally Distinct from Classical Th1 and Th17 Cells and Are Not Constrained by Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Basdeo Sharee A. , Cluxton Deborah , Sulaimani Jamal , Moran Barry , Canavan Mary , Orr Carl , Veale Douglas J. , Fearon Ursula , Fletcher Jean M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Th17 cells are an important therapeutic target in autoimmunity. However, it is known that Th17 cells exhibit considerable plasticity, particularly at sites of autoimmune inflammation. Th17 cells can switch to become ex-Th17 cells that no longer produce IL-17 but produce IFN-γ. These ex-Th17 cells are also called nonclassical Th1 cells because of their ability to produce IFN-γ, similar to Th1 cells; however, it is unclear whether they resemble Th1 or Th17 cells in terms of their function and regulation, and whether they have a pathogenic role in autoimmunity. We compared the phenotypic and functional features of human Th17, Th1, and ex-Th17 cell populations. Our data showed that despite their loss of IL-17 expression, ex-Th17 cells were more polyfunctional in terms of cytokine production than either Th1 or bona fide Th17 cells, and produced increased amounts of proinflammatory cytokines. The proliferative brake on Th17 cells appeared to be lifted because ex-Th17 cells proliferated more than Th17 cells after stimulation. In contrast with Th1 and Th17 cells, ex-Th17 cells were highly resistant to suppression of proliferation and cytokines by regulatory T cells. Finally, we showed that ex-Th17 cells accumulated in the joints of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Taken together, these data indicate that human ex-Th17 cells are functionally distinct from Th1 and Th17 cells, and suggest that they may play a pathogenic role at sites of autoimmunity, such as the rheumatoid arthritis joint where they accumulate. These findings have implications for therapeutic strategies that target IL-17, because these may not inhibit pathogenic ex-Th17 cells.
Exposure to a Social Stressor Induces Translocation of Commensal Lactobacilli to the Spleen and Priming of the Innate Immune System
Authors: Lafuse William P. , Gearinger Rachel , Fisher Sydney , Nealer Connor , Mackos Amy R. , Bailey Michael T. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Studies have shown that exposure to psychological stressors leads to inflammation throughout the body. This has been widely studied using social disruption (SDR), a social stressor that involves repeated social defeat in subordinate mice. Exposure to SDR increases serum cytokine levels, results in accumulation of spleen CD11b+ myeloid cells, and primes macrophages for increased cytokine and microbicidal activity. Our previous studies showed that intestinal microbes are necessary for SDR-enhancement of innate immunity. In this study, we show that SDR increases spleen CD11b+Ly6CintermLy6G+ neutrophil and CD11b+Ly6ChiLy6G−monocyte numbers compared with control mice. Further, we found that neutrophils and monocytes from stressor-exposed mice expressed higher levels of IL-1β mRNA. To determine whether bacterial translocation may contribute to these effects, bacterial 16S rRNA was quantified using quantitative real-time RT-PCR with bacterial group-specific primers. Exposure to the SDR stressor specifically increased Lactobacillus RNA in the spleen, which localized in spleen monocytes. The increased spleen levels of Lactobacillus 16S rRNA in SDR mice positively correlated with increased levels of IL-1β and IL-23 mRNA. Our findings indicate that during stressor exposure, Lactobacillus spp. can translocate to the spleen and prime the innate immune system for enhanced reactivity.
Immunohistochemistry-based comparative study in detection of Hirschsprung’s disease in infants in a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Bedabrata , Sengupta Moumita , Das Chhanda , Mukhopadhyay Madhumita , Barman Shibsankar , Mukhopadhyay Biswanath 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hirschsprung’s disease (HD) is the major cause of pediatric intestinal obstruction with a complex pattern of inheritance. The absence of ganglion cells along with an analysis of hypertrophy and hyperplasia of nerves in the nerve plexus of submucosa and muscularis mucosae is regarded as a potential hallmark for its diagnosis.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study was undertaken to ascertain the (1) clinical profile, (2) mode of presentation, and (3) to compare the role of calretinin immunostaining with acetylcholinesterase in the diagnosis of HD.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective and observational study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, IPGME & R from June 2014 to May 2015. One hundred and four patients clinically and radiologically diagnosed with HD underwent surgery were included in the study. The data of every patient including age, sex, and presenting symptoms were recorded. Eventually, histopathological, calretinin, and acetylcholinesterase immunohistochemical examination were done.
RESULTS: Total numbers of cases studied were 104, which aged between 0 days and 365 days. Male preponderance (76.92%) was noted. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive value of acetylcholinesterase were 100%, 86.44%, 84.91%, and 100%, respectively. The concordance of detection of ganglion cells and nerve fibers, and thereby diagnosis of Hirschsprung’s and non-HD using calretinin and the gold standard was statistically in strong agreement (κ = 0.749, 95% confidence interval: 0.635–0.863).
CONCLUSIONS: Calretinin stands out as the single and indispensable tool that differentiates HD from other mimickers.
Concurrent evaluation of microscopic observation of drug susceptibility assay for pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Zadbuke Sonali Sudhir , Set Reena , Khan Nishat , Shastri Jayanthi 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Methods for detection and drug susceptibility of tuberculosis (TB) with solid media are inexpensive but slow and laborious. Rapid methods to diagnose TB and multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) are a global priority for TB control.
OBJECTIVES: A study was performed to compare the sensitivity of detection of mycobacterial growth and time of culture positivity by microscopic observation of drug susceptibility (MODS) assay with that of Lowenstein–Jensen (LJ) culture in pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB and to evaluate the concordance of the susceptibilities to isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF) by MODS and proportion method on LJ.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective, laboratory-based study was conducted on a total of 300 samples from suspected cases of pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB. Samples were inoculated on LJ medium as per the standard guidelines and MODS assay was performed.
RESULTS: Sensitivity of MODS assay was 80% and 83.3% and specificity was 92.9% and 83.3% for pulmonary and extrapulmonary samples, respectively. Difference between mean time to detection of Mycobacterium TB (MTB) by LJ medium and MODS was statistically significant, with MODS being faster. drug susceptibility testing (DST) by MODS when compared to economic variant of proportion method was 87.87% for RIF, 90.9% for INH, and 96.96% for MDR-TB detection.
CONCLUSIONS: MODS assay provides rapid, safe, and sensitive detection of TB faster than the existing gold standard. It is extremely promising in effectively diagnosing MDR-TB.
Role of p16/INK4a and Ki-67 as specific biomarkers for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: An institutional study
Authors: Hebbar Ankitha , Murthy Venkataramappa Srinivasa 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
BACKGROUND: P16/INK4a and Ki-67 have emerged as important biomarkers for the detection of high-risk human papilloma virus (HR-HPV) associated dysplastic changes in the cervical biopsy samples. The increasing inter- and intra-observer variability in the diagnosis of dysplastic lesions and immature squamous metaplasia on histopathology has led to the advent of these biomarkers. This study was taken up with an aim to study their role in increasing the diagnostic accuracy in equivocal cases on histopathology.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty cervical biopsy specimens were stained with p16/INK4a and Ki-67 consisting of 10 cases each of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN I/II/III) along with five cases of squamous metaplasia. Histopathological diagnosis was considered as the gold standard. Statistical analysis was done by kappa statistics, and P value was calculated.
RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of p16/INK4a and Ki-67 were 76.2%, 87.5%, 90.5%, and 87.5%, respectively. The overall agreement of both the immunostains with histopathological diagnosis was statistically significant (P < 0.05) and the diagnostic accuracy improved when both the stains were used in conjunction.
CONCLUSION: Ki-67 and p16/INK4a can be used as complimentary tests in differentiating dysplastic and nondysplastic lesions and help in confirming the histopathological diagnosis. They aid in recognition of dysplasias caused by HR-HPV, which have higher tendency to progress to neoplasia. However, further research is advocated before the widespread use of these markers for screening of dysplasias.
Comparison of calculated versus directly-measured low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol: An evaluation of ten formulas for an HIV-positive population in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Osegbe Ifeyinwa , Ugonabo Martin , Chukwuka Chinwe , Meka Ijeoma , Nwosu Nnamdi 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) is a modifiable risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, therefore needs to be assessed and monitored. Direct homogeneous assays and various formulas exist to determine LDLC. We aimed to compare the directly measured LDL (dLDLC) with ten formulas for estimating LDLC.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a 2-year retrospective study of fasting lipid profile results obtained from HIV-positive patients attending an outpatient clinic at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria, using homogeneous direct assays. Estimated LDLC was determined using ten formulas. Pearson’s correlation, Bland–Altman plots, and linear regression were performed. Statistical significance was P < 0.05.
RESULTS: Three thousand four hundred and eighty-two lipid results with mean ± standard deviation (SD) dLDLC of 2.1 ± 1.1 mmol/L were included in this study. There was a strong, positive correlation between Friedewald’s LDLC and dLDLC n = 3412, r = 0.84, P < 0.001, but linear regression demonstrated a proportional bias P = 0.005. Ahmadi’s equation showed the worst correlation n = 3482, r = 0.35, P < 0.001, but when applied to samples with triglyceride (TG) <1.13 mmol/L (100 mg/dl), the correlation showed a strong, positive relationship n = 1395, r = 0.80, P < 0.001, and no proportional bias P = 0.86. Teerankanchana’s equation was the only formula that showed no difference between its LDLC and dLDLC (n = 3482, P = 0.056). It also demonstrated strong, positive correlation (n = 3482, r = 0.84, P < 0.001) and had a mean difference ± SD of −0.68 ± 0.63.
CONCLUSION: Teerankanchana’s formula showed good correlation and minimal bias with dLDLC at all TG levels. Moreover, linear regression showed no difference in the two. It seems to be the most suitable formula for estimating LDLC in our HIV-positive population.
Microfilaria in pleural fluid cytology: A rare finding
Authors: Pal Subrata , Bose Kingshuk , Sharma Abhishek , Sikder Mrinal 
Published: February 2017

AbstractLymphatic filariasis is endemic in India and Southeast Asia. Detection of microfilaria is infrequently reported during cytological evaluation of various lesions or body cavity fluids. Presence of microfilaria in pleural fluid cytology is very rare finding even in endemic areas. Few cases of accidental finding of microfilaria have been reported in association with malignant pleural effusion. But pleural effusion of filarial origin is extremely rare manifestation. Here we report a classical case of microfilaria in pleural fluid cytology.
An Online Generalized Multiscale Discontinuous Galerkin Method (GMsDGM) for Flows in Heterogeneous Media
Authors: Chung Eric T. , Efendiev Yalchin , Leung Wing Tat 
Published: February 2017

AbstractOffline computation is an essential component in most multiscale model reduction techniques. However, there are multiscale problems in which offline procedure is insufficient to give accurate representations of solutions, due to the fact that offline computations are typically performed locally and global information is missing in these offline information. To tackle this difficulty, we develop an online local adaptivity technique for local multiscale model reduction problems. We design new online basis functions within Discontinuous Galerkin method based on local residuals and some optimally estimates. The resulting basis functions are able to capture the solution efficiently and accurately, and are added to the approximation iteratively. Moreover, we show that the iterative procedure is convergent with a rate independent of physical scales if the initial space is chosen carefully. Our analysis also gives a guideline on how to choose the initial space. We present some numerical examples to show the performance of the proposed method.
Hermite Type Spline Spaces over Rectangular Meshes with Complex Topological Structures
Authors: Wu Meng , Mourrain Bernard , Galligo André , Nkonga Boniface 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMotivated by the magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) simulation for Tokamaks with Isogeometric analysis, we present splines defined over a rectangular mesh with a complex topological structure, i.e., with extraordinary vertices. These splines are piecewise polynomial functions of bi-degree (d,d) andparameter continuity. And we compute their dimension and exhibit basis functions called Hermite bases for bicubic spline spaces. We investigate their potential applications for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) over a physical domain in the framework of Isogeometric analysis. For instance, we analyze the property of approximation of these spline spaces for theL2-norm; we show that the optimal approximation order and numerical convergence rates are reached by setting a proper parameterization, although the fact that the basis functions are singular at extraordinary vertices.
Transition of Defect Patterns from 2D to 3D in Liquid Crystals
Authors: Qu Yang , Wei Ying , Zhang Pingwen 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDefects arise when nematic liquid crystals are under topological constraints at the boundary. Recently the study of defects has drawn a lot of attention because of the growing theoretical and practical significance. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between two-dimensional defects and three-dimensional defects within nematic liquid crystals confined in a shell. A highly accurate spectral method is used to solve the Landau-de Gennes model to get the detailed static structures of defects. Interestingly, the solution is radial-invariant when the thickness of the shell is sufficiently small. As the shell thickness increases, the solution undergoes symmetry break to reconfigure the disclination lines. We study this three-dimensional reconfiguration of disclination lines in detail under different boundary conditions. In particular, we find that the temperature plays an important role in deciding whether the transition between two-dimensional defects and three-dimensional defects is continuous or discontinuous for the shell with planar anchoring condition on both inner and outer surfaces. We also discuss the characterization of defects in two- and three-dimensional spaces within the tensor model.
An Efficient Adaptive Rescaling Scheme for Computing Moving Interface Problems
Authors: Zhao Meng , Ying Wenjun , Lowengrub John , Li Shuwang 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we present an efficient rescaling scheme for computing thelong-timedynamics of expanding interfaces. The idea is to design an adaptive time-space mapping such that in the new time scale, the interfaces evolves logarithmically fast at early growth stage and exponentially fast at later times. The new spatial scale guarantees the conservation of the area/volume enclosed by the interface. Compared with the original rescaling method in [J. Comput. Phys. 225(1) (2007) 554–567], this adaptive scheme dramatically improves the slow evolution at early times when the size of the interface is small. Our results show that the original three-week computation in [J. Comput. Phys. 225(1) (2007) 554–567] can be reproduced in about one day using the adaptive scheme. We then present the largest and most complicated Hele-Shaw simulation up to date.
Mechanism behind the Beauty: The Golden Ratio Appeared in the Shape of Red Blood Cells
Authors: Zhang Xue-Jun , Ou-Yang Zhong-Can 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn the past two decades, a rigorous solution for the shape of human red blood cell (RBC) with a negative spontaneous curvature c0 has been derived with the Helfrich model under the condition that both the osmotic pressure Δp and tensile stress λ are equal to zero. By fitting the experimentally observed shape of RBC, c0R0 has been predicted to be –1.62, theminus golden ratio, where R0 is the radius of a sphere which has the same surface area as RBC. In this paper, we verify this prediction by comparing experimental data with an analytical equation describing the relation between volume and surface area. Furthermore, it is also found ρmax /ρB ≈ 1.6 with ρmax the maximal radius and ρB the characteristic radius of RBC, showing an approximate beautiful golden cross section of RBC. On the basis of a complete numerical calculation, we propose a mechanism behind the beauty of the minus golden ratio that c0R0 results from the balance between the minimization of the surface area and the requirement of adequate deformability of RBC to allow it passing through the spleen, the so called “physical fitness test”.