bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Invasive fungal rhinosinusitis with palatal erosion in an elderly edentulous patient with uncontrolled diabetes: report of a rare case
Authors: Shah Vinit , Rao Jitendra , Verma Veerendra , Singh Kalpana , Agarwal Bhaskar 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivesTo report a rare case of chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis with palatal erosion.BackgroundRestoring and maintaining oral health of diabetic elderly patients with increased risk of infections is a challenge to the dentist. Patients suffering from uncontrolled diabetes are susceptible to fungal infections. Palatal erosion due to fungal rhinosinusitis is rare.Materials and methodsCase report of a 65 years old illiterate female patient from low socio‐economic strata, suffering from uncontrolled diabetes and poor systemic health presenting with chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis leading to palatal erosion.ConclusionSuch a case is a diagnostic challenge to a dentist. Therefore understanding the disease process and its possible outcomes is desirable. The treatment warrants a multidisciplinary approach.
Variation in the activities of late stage filaggrin processing enzymes, calpain‐1 and bleomycin hydrolase, together with pyrrolidone carboxylic acid levels, corneocyte phenotypes and plasmin activities in non‐sun‐exposed and sun‐exposed facial stratum corneum of different ethnicities
Authors: Raj N. , Voegeli R. , Rawlings A. V. , Summers B. , Munday M. R. , Lane M. E. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundKnowledge of the ethnic differences and effects of photodamage on the relative amounts of natural moisturizing factor (NMF) together with filaggrin processing enzymes in facial stratum corneum is limited. Our aim was to characterize the activities of calpain‐1 (C‐1), bleomycin hydrolase (BH) and the levels of pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (PCA) as a marker for total NMF levels and to relate them to plasmin activities and corneocyte maturation.MethodsEnzyme activities, PCA levels and corneocyte maturation were determined from facial tape strippings of photoexposed cheek and photoprotected post‐auricular areas (PA) of healthy Caucasian (C), Black African (BA) and albino African (AA) female subjects living in South Africa.ResultsPCA concentration levels were of the order AA > BA > C subjects, and the highest activities of BH were present in the AA subjects. BH activities were greater on the photoexposed sites for the BA and C subjects, but they were only numerically elevated in the AA subjects. Photoprotected sites had an increase in C‐1 activity in pigmented groups (C and BA), whereas in the AA subjects, the opposite was measured. Plasmin activities were greater on the cheek compared with the PA site for the AA and C subjects, but the activity was low in the BA subjects. In both test sites, the AA, but not the BA and C subjects, had smaller, parakeratotic and less mature corneocytes.ConclusionVariation in PCA levels has been found for different ethnic groups in this study (AA > BA > C subjects). The values in the AA subjects are surprising as one might expect that the lack of pigmentation, and thereby increased photodamage, might lead to lower levels. Increased BH, but not C‐1 activity, was observed in the AA subjects indicating that BH is associated with PCA production to a greater extent. Surprisingly, corneocyte maturation is still impaired with elevated PCA levels in AA subjects. The higher levels of plasmin and BH activities on the cheeks, especially for AA and C subjects, suggest that they can be used as markers for epidermal photodamage.
American dental hygienists' attitudes towards chairside medical screening in a dental setting
Authors: Greenberg BL , Kantor ML , Bednarsh H 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectivesTargeted screening for medical conditions in a dental setting can be an effective strategy for early identification of individuals at increased disease risk. Dentists, patients and physicians have a favourable attitude towards this strategy. Given that dental hygienists (DHs) are involved in preventive and educational activities, this seems like a natural extension to their roles. We report on the attitudes of American DHs towards chairside medical screening.MethodsA 5‐point Likert scale (1 = very important/willing, 5 = very unimportant/unwilling) survey was mailed to a nationwide random sample of US practicing DHs. Descriptive statistics were used for all questions, and the Friedman nonparametric analysis of variance was used for multi‐element questions.ResultsA total of 3133 respondents returned the completed questionnaires for an effective response rate of 49.2% and a margin of error 1.8%. The majority of respondents felt it was important to perform/conduct chairside screening for hypertension (94%), diabetes mellitus (89%), cardiovascular disease (85%), HIV (79%) and hepatitis infection (78%); were willing to refer a patient for medical consult (94%), conduct screening that yields immediate results (85%); and were willing to collect the data/samples needed (57–95%). The most important considerations were dentist/owner support (98%), training (97%), patient willingness (98%) and time (98%).ConclusionSimilar to dentists, physicians and patients, the majority of the DHs had a favourable attitude towards chairside medical screening. Integrating the DH into screening activities is likely to require additional training and education regarding the diseases of interest, something that could be accomplished through continuing education courses and eventually incorporation into the educational curriculum.
Development and interrater reliability of the UK Mental Health Triage Scale
Authors: Sands Natisha , Elsom Stephen , Colgate Robert , Haylor Helen , Prematunga Roshani 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMental health triage scales are clinical tools used at point of entry to specialist mental health service to provide a systematic way of categorizing the urgency of clinical presentations, and determining an appropriate service response and an optimal timeframe for intervention.The aim of the present study was to test the interrater reliability of a mental health triage scale developed for use in UK mental health triage and crisis services.An interrater reliability study was undertaken.Triage clinicians from England and Wales (n = 66) used the UK Mental Health Triage Scale (UK MHTS) to rate the urgency of 21 validated mental health triage scenarios derived from real occasions of triage.Interrater reliability was calculated using Kendall's coefficient of concordance (w) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) statistics.The average ICC was 0.997 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.996–0.999 (F (20, 1300) = 394.762, P < 0.001).The single measure ICC was 0.856 (95% CI: 0.776–0.926 (F (20, 1300) = 394.762, P < 0.001).The overall Kendall'swwas 0.88 (P < 0.001).The UK MHTS shows substantial levels of interrater reliability.Reliable mental health triage scales employed within effective mental health triage systems offer possibilities for not only improved patient outcomes and experiences, but also for efficient use of finite specialist mental health services.
Gel of chamomile vs. urea cream to prevent acute radiation dermatitis in patients with head and neck cancer: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ferreira Elaine Barros , Ciol Marcia A. , Vasques Christiane Inocêncio , Bontempo Priscila de Souza Maggi , Vieira Nayara Narley Pires , Silva Luis Felipe Oliveira e , Avelino Samuel Ramalho , dos Santos Marcos Antônio , dos Reis Paula Elaine Diniz 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimTo compare a gel made with chamomile (Chamomilla recutita) with a cream of urea as an intervention to delay the time to occurrence of radiation dermatitis.BackgroundRadiation dermatitis is one of the most common adverse effects of radiotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer. It is characterized by erythema, itching, pain, skin breakage and burning sensation, and there is no consensus on how to prevent it.DesignThe study is a randomized controlled clinical trial.MethodsWe will recruit 48 individuals with head and neck cancer who will be starting their radiotherapy and randomize them to receive either gel of chamomile or cream of urea, as an intervention for prevention of radiation dermatitis. Social‐demographic data will be collected at baseline, and clinical data will be collected before the initiation of radiotherapy. Participants will be followed weekly to assess development of radiation dermatitis. The protocol is funded by Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico (Brazil). The study was approved by a research ethics committee.DiscussionGiven the clinical relevance of preventing radiation dermatitis and the lack of evidence supporting specific preventive interventions, it is important to study new products that might be efficacious to prevent this complication. This article presents the protocol of a randomized controlled trial comparing a gel made with chamomile (intervention) with a cream of urea (control) to prevent radiation dermatitis in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy.
Nurses' readiness for evidence‐based practice at Finnish university hospitals: a national survey
Authors: Saunders Hannele , Stevens Kathleen R. , Vehviläinen‐Julkunen Katri 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to determine nurses' readiness for evidence‐based practice at Finnish university hospitals.BackgroundAlthough systematic implementation of evidence‐based practice is essential to effectively improving patient outcomes and value of care, nurses do not consistently use evidence in practice. Uptake is hampered by lack of nurses' individual and organizational readiness for evidence‐based practice. Although nurses' evidence‐based practice competencies have been widely studied in countries leading the evidence‐based practice movement, less is known about nurses' readiness for evidence‐based practice in the non‐English‐speaking world.DesignA cross‐sectional descriptive survey design.MethodsThe study was conducted in November–December 2014 in every university hospital in Finland with a convenience sample (n = 943) of practicing nurses. The electronic survey data were collected using the Stevens' Evidence‐Based Practice Readiness Inventory, which was translated into Finnish according to standardized guidelines for translation of research instruments. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.ResultsNurses reported low to moderate levels of self‐efficacy and low levels of evidence‐based practice knowledge. A statistically significant, direct correlation was found between nurses' self‐efficacy in employing evidence‐based practice and their actual evidence‐based practice knowledge level. Several statistically significant differences were found between nurses' socio‐demographic variables and nurses' self‐efficacy in employing evidence‐based practice, and actual and perceived evidence‐based practice knowledge.ConclusionsFinnish nurses at university hospitals are not ready for evidence‐based practice. Although nurses are familiar with the concept of evidence‐based practice, they lack the evidence‐based practice knowledge and self‐efficacy in employing evidence‐based practice required for integrating best evidence into clinical care delivery.
Morphogenesis of myocardial trabeculae in the mouse embryo
Authors: Captur Gabriella , Wilson Robert , Bennett Michael F , Luxán Guillermo , Nasis Arthur , de la Pompa José Luis , Moon James C , Mohun Timothy J 
Published: March 2016

AbstractFormation of trabeculae in the embryonic heart and the remodelling that occurs prior to birth is a conspicuous, but poorly understood, feature of vertebrate cardiogenesis. Mutations disrupting trabecular development in the mouse are frequently embryonic lethal, testifying to the importance of the trabeculae, and aberrant trabecular structure is associated with several human cardiac pathologies. Here, trabecular architecture in the developing mouse embryo has been analysed using high‐resolution episcopic microscopy (HREM) and three‐dimensional (3D) modelling. This study shows that at all stages from mid‐gestation to birth, the ventricular trabeculae comprise a complex meshwork of myocardial strands. Such an arrangement defies conventional methods of measurement, and an approach based upon fractal algorithms has been used to provide an objective measure of trabecular complexity. The extent of trabeculation as it changes along the length of left and right ventricles has been quantified, and the changes that occur from formation of the four‐chambered heart until shortly before birth have been mapped. This approach not only measures qualitative features evident from visual inspection of 3D models, but also detects subtle, consistent and regionally localised differences that distinguish each ventricle and its developmental stage. Finally, the combination of HREM imaging and fractal analysis has been applied to analyse changes in embryonic heart structure in a genetic mouse model in which trabeculation is deranged. It is shown that myocardial deletion of the Notch pathway component Mib1 (Mib1flox/flox; cTnT‐cre) results in a complex array of abnormalities affecting trabeculae and other parts of the heart.
Combining ultrasound and lactobacilli treatment for high‐fat‐diet‐induced obesity in mice
Authors: Liao A.‐H. , Jiang C.‐B. , Li C.‐C. , Chuang H.‐C. , Chiang Chiau J.‐S. , Chan W.‐T. , Yeung C.‐Y. , Cheng M.‐L. , Lee H.‐C. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractChronic systemic lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammation can cause obesity. In animal experiments, lactobacilli have been shown to inhibit obesity by modifying the gut microbiota, controlling inflammation and influencing the associated gene expression. A previous study found that high‐fat‐diet‐induced (HFD) obesity was suppressed by lactobacilli ingestion in rats via the inhibition of parasympathetic nerve activity. This study explored the combined use of lactobacilli ingestion and ultrasound (US) to control body weight and body fat deposition in HFD mice over an 8‐week experimental period. Male C57BL/6J mice received an HFD during treatment and were randomly divided into four groups: (i) control group (H), (ii) lactobacilli alone (HB), (iii) US alone (HU) and (iv) lactobacilli combined with US (HUB). The US was targeted at the inguinal portion of the epididymal fat pad on the right side. At the 8th week, body weight had decreased significantly in the HUB group (15.56 ± 1.18%, mean ± SD) group compared with the HU (26.63 ± 0.96%) and H (32.62 ± 5.03%) groups (p < 0.05). High‐resolution microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT) scans revealed that the reduction in total body fat volume was significantly greater in the HUB group (69%) than in the other two experimental groups (HB, 52%; HU, 37%; p < 0.05). The reductions in the thickness of the subcutaneous epididymal fat pads were significantly greater in the HUB group (final thickness: 340 ± 7 μm) than in the H (final thickness: 1150 ± 21 μm), HB (final thickness: 1060 ± 18 μm) and HU (final thickness: 370 ± 5 μm) groups (all p < 0.05). Combination therapy with lactobacilli and US appears to enhance the reduction in body weight, total and local body fat deposition, adipocyte size and plasma lipid levels over an 8‐week period over that achieved with lactobacilli or US alone in HFD mice. These results indicate that US treatment alone can reduce hyperlipidemia in HFD mice.
Direct Support Professionals and Reversed Integration of People With Intellectual Disabilities: Impact of Attitudes, Perceived Social Norms, and Meta‐Evaluations
Authors: Venema Eleonora , Otten Sabine , Vlaskamp Carla 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDirect support professionals (DSPs) play an important role in the process of integration of people with intellectual disabilities. Nevertheless, little is currently known about what determines the level of effort exerted by DSPs to enable the social integration of their clients. The aim of this study was to investigate three different psychological determinants (attitudes, social norms, and meta‐evaluations) of the behavioral intentions of DSPs to facilitate the social integration of their clients. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 28 DSPs working in a setting of “reversed integration,” as well as 25 family members and 25 neighbors. The DSPs’ perceived social norms and meta‐evaluations of neighbors and family members were compared with their actual social norms and evaluations. The authors found that half of the DSPs interviewed were positive about integration, whereas the other half were negative or neutral. Concerning social norms, the DSPs expect neighbors to have neutral attitudes toward the integration of people with intellectual disabilities, while in reality the neighbors are very positive. More than half of the DSPs were uncertain about the family members’ opinions about integration. Asking the family members themselves, there was some variation in their attitudes toward integration. Regarding the meta‐evaluation, DSPs had a realistic idea about how their work would be evaluated by family members and neighbors; both groups were positive. It is evident that this group of DSPs had an overly negative idea of neighbors’ opinions about integration and contact with people with intellectual disabilities. Creating awareness of a supportive social norm in the neighborhood could help and encourage DSPs to strive for social contact between their clients and neighbors.
The Role of Sound in Residential Facilities for People With Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities
Authors: van den Bosch Kirsten A. , Andringa Tjeerd C. , Başkent Deniz , Vlaskamp Carla 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAttention to the auditory environment of people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) is limited, both in research and practice. As there is a dynamic interplay between the quality of the auditory environment and well‐being, a study was undertaken to test the validity of the theoretical framework regarding the role of sound in homes for people with PIMD. The framework was formulated using techniques from soundscape and emotion research and resulted in a taxonomy of auditory environments, or soundscapes, including an important role for audible safety. A convenience sample of 34 healthcare professionals from various organizational layers volunteered to participate in a focus group study. During this expert meeting their latent knowledge was examined to see if it corresponded to the proposed theoretical framework. The answers given by the participants were grouped in five categories, Influencing behavior, Atmosphere, Clarity, Structure, Safety, and Recognition, showing a strong consistency between the knowledge and experience of the professionals and the theoretical framework. Results suggest the participants working on a strategic level have a less comprehensive understanding of the role of sound in the daily care. The authors’ recommended the increase of awareness amongst the staff of organizations caring for people with PIMD of the role of sound in the environment so as to enhance psychological well‐being and quality of life and thus reduce the prevalence of behavioral problems.
Unions and Income Inequality: A Heterogeneous Panel Co‐integration and Causality Analysis
Authors: Herzer Dierk 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAlthough a large body of research has examined the effects of unions on the wage distribution, surprisingly little attention has been devoted to the effects of unions on the distribution of income. This paper examines the long‐run relationship between unionization and income inequality for a sample of 20 countries. Using heterogeneous panel co‐integration and causality techniques, we find that (i) unions have, on average, a negative long‐run effect on income inequality, (ii) there is considerable heterogeneity in the effects of unionization on income inequality across countries (in 40 per cent of the cases the effect is positive) and (iii) long‐run causality runs in both directions, suggesting that, on average, an increase in unionization reduces income inequality and that, in turn, higher inequality leads to lower unionization rates.
Insights into the Ecology and Evolution of Polyploid Plants through Network Analysis
Authors: Gallagher Joseph P. , Grover Corrinne E. , Hu Guanjing , Wendel Jonathan F. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPolyploidy is a widespread phenomenon throughout eukaryotes, with important ecological and evolutionary consequences. Although genes operate as components of complex pathways and networks, polyploid changes in genes and gene expression have typically been evaluated as either individual genes or as a part of broad‐scale analyses. Network analysis has been fruitful in associating genomic and other ‘omic’‐based changes with phenotype for many systems. In polyploid species, network analysis has the potential not only to facilitate a better understanding of the complex ‘omic’ underpinnings of phenotypic and ecological traits common to polyploidy, but also to provide novel insight into the interaction among duplicated genes and genomes. This adds perspective to the global patterns of expression (and other ‘omic’) change that accompany polyploidy and to the patterns of recruitment and/or loss of genes following polyploidization. While network analysis in polyploid species faces challenges common to other analyses of duplicated genomes, present technologies combined with thoughtful experimental design provide a powerful system to explore polyploid evolution. Here, we demonstrate the utility and potential of network analysis to questions pertaining to polyploidy with an example involving evolution of the transgressively superior cotton fibres found in polyploid Gossypium hirsutum. By combining network analysis with prior knowledge, we provide further insights into the role of profilins in fibre domestication and exemplify the potential for network analysis in polyploid species.
Current and historical involvement of dentistry in child protection and a glimpse of the future
Authors: Park CM , Welbury R 
Published: March 2016

Dental teams have been involved with child protection for over 40 years. This brief review summarises their involvement in the detection of various types of child abuse and goes on to discuss the gap between the proportions of dental professionals who suspect child abuse or neglect in their paediatric patients and those who refer such cases on. Potential reasons for this discrepancy are discussed, and a glimpse of the future is given as to where further research may be necessary to tackle this existing gap.
Parameter Estimation for Inhomogeneous Space‐Time Shot‐Noise Cox Point Processes
Authors: Dvořák Jiří , Prokešová Michaela 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe consider the problem of parameter estimation for inhomogeneous space‐time shot‐noise Cox point processes. We explore the possibility of using a stepwise estimation method and dimensionality‐reducing techniques to estimate different parts of the model separately.We discuss the estimation method using projection processes and propose a refined method that avoids projection to the temporal domain. This remedies the main flaw of the method using projection processes – possible overlapping in the projection process of clusters, which are clearly separated in the original space‐time process. This issue is more prominent in the temporal projection process where the amount of information lost by projection is higher than in the spatial projection process.For the refined method, we derive consistency and asymptotic normality results under the increasing domain asymptotics and appropriate moment and mixing assumptions. We also present a simulation study that suggests that cluster overlapping is successfully overcome by the refined method.