bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary Restriction-Induced Alterations in Bone Phenotype: Effects of Lifelong Versus Short-Term Caloric Restriction on Femoral and Vertebral Bone in C57BL/6 Mice
Authors: Behrendt Ann-Kathrin , Kuhla Angela , Osterberg Anja , Polley Christian , Herlyn Philipp , Fischer Dagmar-Christiane , Scotland Maike , Wree Andreas , Histing Tina , Menger Michael D , Müller-Hilke Brigitte , Mittlmeier Thomas , Vollmar Brigitte 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Caloric restriction (CR) is a well-described dietary intervention that delays the onset of aging-associated biochemical and physiological changes, thereby extending the life span of rodents. The influence of CR on metabolism, strength, and morphology of bone has been controversially discussed in literature. Thus, the present study evaluated whether lifelong CR versus short-term late-onset dietary intervention differentially affects the development of senile osteoporosis in C57BL/6 mice. Two different dietary regimens with 40% food restriction were performed: lifelong CR starting in 4-week-old mice was maintained for 4, 20, or 74 weeks. In contrast, short-term late-onset CR lasting a period of 12 weeks was commenced at 48 or 68 weeks of age. Control mice were fed ad libitum (AL). Bone specimens were assessed using microcomputed tomography (μCT, femur and lumbar vertebral body) and biomechanical testing (femur). Adverse effects of CR, including reduced cortical bone mineral density (Ct.BMD) and thickness (Ct.Th), were detected to some extent in senile mice (68+12w) but in particular in cortical bone of young growing mice (4+4w), associated with reduced femoral failure force (F). However, we observed a profound capacity of bone to compensate these deleterious changes of minor nutrition with increasing age presumably via reorganization of trabecular bone. Especially in lumbar vertebrae, lifelong CR lasting 20 or 74 weeks had beneficial effects on trabecular bone mineral density (Tb.BMD), bone volume fraction (BV/TV), and trabecular number (Tb.N). In parallel, lifelong CR groups showed reduced structure model index values compared to age-matched controls indicating a transformation of vertebral trabecular bone microarchitecture toward a platelike geometry. This effect was not visible in senile mice after short-term 12-week CR. In summary, CR has differential effects on cortical and trabecular bone dependent on bone localization and starting age. Our study underlines that bone compartments possess a lifelong capability to cope with changing nutritional influences. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Corncob to value‐added chemical transformation by metal/beta zeolite and metal/mesoporous SBA‐15 catalytic pyrolysis
Authors: Jeenpadiphat Sirima , Kasiban Chomalee , Tungasmita Duangamol Nuntasri 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough the pyrolysis of biomass has been investigated by many researchers, there are no data available regarding conversion to value added ester compounds from catalytic corncob pyrolysis at low temperature. In this present research thermal and catalytic cracking of residue corncob was performed at 250 to 600 °C under N2. The performance of two acidic porous catalysts, metal‐beta zeolite and mesoporous SBA‐15, with different metal (Al, Pd and Ni) loadings, were compared with the non‐catalytic reaction.RESULTSThe cracking products were classified into gases, liquid and char. Methane, C5+ and CO2 were the main gas products, while light ester derivatives were the main components in the liquid fraction and these can be important intermediate chemicals. The phenolic compounds were obtained when using low thermal pyrolysis. A reaction temperature of 300 °C with the Al‐SBA‐15 catalyst at a SiO2/Al2O3 mole ratio of 20 was found to be optimal in terms of producing the highest biomass conversion with a high proportion of light esters.CONCLUSIONThe Al‐SBA‐15 (20) catalyst was selective towards producing the light ester 2‐methoxy phenyl acetate (59.4%), which is an important intermediate chemical for production of sweet fruity aromas in the food industry. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Impact of postoperative changes in sarcopenic factors on outcomes after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kobayashi Atsushi , Kaido Toshimi , Hamaguchi Yuhei , Okumura Shinya , Taura Kojiro , Hatano Etsuro , Okajima Hideaki , Uemoto Shinji 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundWe have reported that preoperative low skeletal muscle quality was an independent risk factor for poor outcomes after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, postoperative changes of quality as well as quantity of skeletal muscle after hepatectomy for HCC and their impact on postoperative outcomes have not been fully investigated.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 241 patients undergoing primary hepatectomy for HCC between January 2007 and September 2012. The quality and quantity of skeletal muscle were evaluated by intramuscular adipose tissue content (IMAC) and the psoas muscle mass index (PMI) using computed tomography imaging at the umbilical level, respectively. We evaluated postoperative changes in IMAC and PMI in patients according to preoperative sarcopenia, sex, and surgical procedure. We also investigated the impact of ΔIMAC and ΔPMI on HCC recurrence in patients with preoperative normal IMAC.ResultsOn multivariate analysis, indocyanine green retention test at 15 min ≥ 15% (odds ratio [OR] = 3.156; P = 0.041) and high ΔIMAC at 6 months after hepatectomy (OR = 3.713; P = 0.024) were the risk factors for HCC recurrence in patients with preoperative normal IMAC.ConclusionPostoperative depletion of skeletal muscle quality is closely involved with HCC recurrence after hepatectomy for HCC.
Creation of a simple distal femur morphology classification system
Authors: Everhart Joshua S. , Chaudhari Ajit M. W. , Flanigan David C. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to propose a binary classification system based on simple measurements that summarizes individual, race, and sex‐specific differences in distal femur shape. Surface models of 165 distal femurs (79 female, 86 male; 85 African–American, 80 Caucasian, 28.8 ± 7.6 years) were created with a 3‐dimensional laser scanner. Surface area, width, length, curvature, and angulation were measured. Knees were classified as either type A or B within five distinct categories: (i) aspect ratio, (ii) trochlear‐intercondylar width ratio, (iii) trochlear tilt, (iv) medial‐lateral trochlear width ratio, and (v) trochlear sulcus shape. Correlations between these measures and surface area were calculated, and receiver‐operator curves were used to select cutoff values between type A and B knees to improve differentiation of femur shapes by sex or race. The cutoff values between type A and B knees for the five categories are as follows: Category I: 0.90, Category II: 0.51, Category III: 1.02, Category IV: 0.67, and Category V: 128.7°. Other than category IV (medial‐lateral trochlear width ratio) (p = 0.004, R = 0.22), no categories were correlated with surface area (p > 0.25). Category I (aspect ratio, cutoff = 0.90) best differentiated femurs by sex (p < 0.001, AUC = 0.80), and Category V (sulcus shape) best differentiated femurs by race (p < 0.001, AUC = 0.73). This system uses simple measurements to summarize important individual, race, and sex‐specific differences in distal femur shape. It can be used in a clinical setting to provide insight into the relationship between sex or race differences in knee shape and mechanically influenced knee disorders. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:924–931, 2016.
A larger critical shoulder angle requires more rotator cuff activity to preserve joint stability
Authors: Viehöfer Arnd F. , Gerber Christian , Favre Philippe , Bachmann Elias , Snedeker Jess G. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTShoulders with rotator cuff tears (RCT) tears are associated with significantly larger critical shoulder angles (CSA) (RCT CSA = 38.2°) than shoulders without RCT (CSA = 32.9°). We hypothesized that larger CSAs increase the ratio of glenohumeral joint shear to joint compression forces, requiring substantially increased compensatory supraspinatus loads to stabilize the arm in abduction. A previously established three dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model was used. Two acromion shapes mimicked the mean CSA of 38.2° found in patients with RCT and that of a normal CSA (32.9°). In a first step, the moment arms for each muscle segment were obtained for 21 different thoracohumeral abduction angles to simulate a quasi‐static abduction in the scapular plane. In a second step, the muscle forces were calculated by minimizing the range of muscle stresses able to compensate an external joint moment caused by the arm weight. If the joint became unstable, additional force was applied by the rotator cuff muscles to restore joint stability. The model showed a higher joint shear to joint compressive force for the RCT CSA (38.2°) for thoracohumeral abduction angles between 40° and 90° with a peak difference of 23% at 50° of abduction. To achieve stability in this case additional rotator cuff forces exceeding physiological values were required. Our results document that a higher CSA tends to destabilize the glenohumeral joint such that higher than normal supraspinatus forces are required to maintain modeled stability during active abduction. This lends strong support to the concept that a high CSA can induce supraspinatus (SSP) overload. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:961–968, 2016.
Effect of steam explosion‐assisted extraction on phenolic acid profiles and antioxidant properties of wheat bran
Authors: Liu Liya , Zhao Mengli , Liu Xingxun , Zhong Kui , Tong Litao , Zhou Xianrong , Zhou Sumei 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe majority of phenolic acids in wheat bran are bound to the cell walls. Hence, a high proportion of phenolic acids cannot be extracted with conventional extraction methods. This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of steam explosion pre‐treatment in increasing the extractability of phenolic compounds from wheat bran.RESULTSBound phenolic acids (BPA) can be released by steam explosion‐assisted extraction. Within the experimental range, soluble free phenolic acids (FPA) and soluble conjugated phenolic acids (CPA) increased gradually with residence time and temperature. After steam explosion at 215 °C for 120 s, the total FPA and CPA reached 6671.8 and 2578.6 µg GAE g−1 bran, respectively, which was about 39‐fold and seven‐fold higher than that of the untreated sample. Ferulic acid, the major individual phenolic acids in bran, increased from 55.7 to 586.3 µg g−1 for FPA, and from 44.9 to 1108.4 µg g−1 for CPA. The antioxidant properties of FPA and CPA extracts were significantly improved after treated. Correlation analysis indicated that the antioxidant capacity was in close relationship with phenolic content in FPA and CPA.CONCLUSIONSteam explosion pre‐treatment could be effectively used to release of BPA and enhance the antioxidant capacity of wheat bran. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
PEG‐Biscyanoacrylate Crosslinker for Octyl Cyanoacrylate Bioadhesive
Authors: Basu Arijit , Veprinsky‐Zuzulia Ilana , Levinman Mira , Barkan Yoav , Golenser Jacob , Domb Abraham J. 
Published: November 2015

PEG400 (polyethylene glycol, MW 400) biscyanoacrylate is synthesized and copolymerized with 2‐octyl cyanoacrylate for potential use as bioadhesive. PEG400 biscyanoacrylate is synthesized from the esterification of anthracenyl cyanoacrylic acid where the anthracene unit serves as vinyl‐protecting group. Copolymerization increases the plasticity, mechanical strength, and resilience of the resulted polymer as determined by dynamic mechanical analysis. Peeling test confirms its superior bioadhesive properties. Surface morphology is characterized by SEM imaging. The formulations are cytocompatible and safe. This cyanoacrylate composition may provide improved bioadhesive cyanoacrylates.
image
Local administration of Mitomycin‐C‐Treated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) prolongs allograft survival in vascularized composite allotransplantation
Authors: Radu Christian Andreas , Kiefer Jurij , Gebhard Martha Maria , Bigdeli Amir Khosrow , Schmidt Volker Jürgen , Germann Guenter , Lehnhardt Marcus , Terness Peter , Kneser Ulrich , Kremer Thomas 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundVCA offers a potential treatment for extensive tissue defects. First results of systemic administration of Mitomycin C‐treated PBMCs in VCA demonstrated a significant prolongation of allograft survival. The aim of this study is to evaluate if local administration of MMC‐PBMCs prolongs allograft survival in allogeneic hind limb transplantations of the rat.MethodsSixty allogeneic hind limb transplantations in the rat were performed in six groups. Lewis rats (LEW) were used as hind limb donors and Brown–Norway rats (BN) as recipients. Animals in group A received donor‐derived MMC‐treated PBMCs locally (i.m.). Group B received no immunosuppressive therapy, group C received a standard immunosuppressive regime consisting of FK506 and Prednisolon, group D (BN to BN) comprised isograft transplantations without immunosuppressive treatment, group E received non‐treated PBMCs (i.m.) and group F received phosphate buffered saline (PBS) without cells. The transplanted hind limbs were assessed for color, edema, skin, hair condition, and consistency of the thigh every 8 hours.ResultsRejection in group A was delayed to an average of 7.2 ± 0.6 days. Survival times were significantly prolonged (P < 0.01) compared to control groups B, E, and F (5.5 ± 0.7, 5.8 ± 0.7, and 5.7 ± 0.5 days). Control groups C and D showed no signs of rejection.ConclusionThe findings of this study show that local administration of MMC‐PBMCs has no side effects and significantly extends allograft survival. Further experiments with MMC‐PBMCs treatments repeated at different time‐points and being added to low dose immunosuppressive protocols need to be performed to improve experimental and eventually clinical outcome after VCA. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:417–425, 2016.
Dose‐dependent effects of isoflavone exposure during early lifetime on development and androgen sensitivity in male Wistar rats
Authors: Müller Dennis R. , Basso Fabian , Kurrat Anne , Soukup Sebastian T. , Niehoff Anja , Kulling Sabine E. , Diel Patrick 
Published: November 2015

ScopeThe aim of our study was to investigate dose‐dependent effects of isoflavone (ISO) exposure during adolescence on the androgen sensitivity of various physiological end points in male Wistar rats.Methods and resultsDuring embryogenesis and adolescence, rats were exposed to an ISO‐depleted diet (IDD) or one of two diets enriched with different concentrations of a soy‐based ISO extract causing plasma concentrations observed averagely (ISO‐rich diet [IRD]low) and maximally (IRDhigh) in Asian men. Most of the rats were orchiectomized at postnatal day (PND) 81 and were treated with testosterone propionate (TP) or vehicle from PND 89 to 99. In intact rats (PND 99) body weight, food intake, and fat mass were not influenced by ISO, but serum triglycerides and hepatic fatty acid synthase expression were decreased. Trabecular bone mineral density (BMD) was reduced in IRDlow, but not in IRDhigh rats. Orchiectomy (ORX) induced loss of BMD, which was antagonized by IRDhigh. ISO increased androgen sensitivity of seminal vesicle and levator ani. Besides, ISO plasma levels were reduced by ORX compared to intact and TP‐treated rats.ConclusionIn summary, the results of this study indicate that exposure to ISO during adolescence affects bone homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and modulates androgen sensitivity in young adult male rats.
Holding Children for Clinical Procedures: Perseverance in Spite of or Persevering to be Child‐Centered
Authors: Bray Lucy , Carter Bernie , Snodin Jill 
Published: November 2015

AbstractChildren in acute care often need procedures and interventions, and they are frequently held, often against their wishes, to enable these procedures to be completed. This report is from a qualitative investigation in which we sought to explore what happens when children undergo clinical procedures within an acute hospital, with a focus on the use of holding for procedures. Qualitative data were generated through non‐participant observation of clinical procedures (n = 31) and semi‐structured interviews with health professionals (n = 22), parents (n = 21), and children (n = 4) to explore the event from the participants’ perspective. Data were analyzed using constant comparison. Through the central theoretical concept of perseverance, we examined the actions, inactions and interactions of health professionals, parents and children during a clinical procedure. Two broad trajectories were noted: “perseverance in spite of,” when the procedure was completed despite a child's upset and lack of co‐operation; and “perseverance to be child‐centered,” which was characterized by a purposeful plan of action focused on a child who had been prepared and informed, and which was facilitated by a “window of opportunity” at the start of the procedure when the child was calm and engaged. Our findings highlight that professionals need to be clear about their boundaries when starting or continuing with a procedure when a child is distressed, and support preparation and engagement activities with children and parents before, during, and after clinical procedures. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Maternal body mass index and adverse pregnancy outcomes: A ghanaian cohort study
Authors: Van Der Linden Eva L. , Browne Joyce L. , Vissers Karin M. , Antwi Edward , Agyepong Irene A. , Grobbee Diederick E. , Klipstein‐Grobusch Kerstin 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveTo examine the association between maternal weight at <17 weeks gestation and maternal and infant outcomes of pregnancy, delivery, and the postpartum period in pregnant Ghanaian women.MethodsA prospective cohort study of 1,000 women in Accra, Ghana (2012‐2014), was conducted. Women were classified as having overweight (BMI 25‐30) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30), and their obstetric and infant outcomes were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.ResultsThe analysis included 824 women, average 28 years (SD 5.1); 313 (31.3%) had overweight and 169 (16.9%) obesity. Women with obesity had a two‐fold increased risk for cesarean sections (RR 2.20, 95% CI 1.21‐4.02) and more than a six‐fold higher risk for pregnancy‐induced hypertension (RR 6.17, 95% CI 2.90‐13.13) and chronic hypertension (RR 6.00, 95% CI 1.40‐25.76). Infants of women with overweight or obesity were more likely to be macrosomic (RR 2.37, 95% CI 1.13‐4.97).ConclusionsThe global obesity epidemic has reached women in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC) with important adverse consequences for maternal and infant health. Antenatal care in LMIC will need to anticipate this potential expansion of complications, including the development of guidelines for optimal maternity care for pregnant women with overweight and obesity.
Maternal obesity and gestational weight gain are risk factors for infant death
Authors: Bodnar Lisa M. , Siminerio Lara L. , Himes Katherine P. , Hutcheon Jennifer A. , Lash Timothy L. , Parisi Sara M. , Abrams Barbara 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveAssessment of the joint and independent relationships of gestational weight gain and prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) on risk of infant mortality was performed.MethodsThis study used Pennsylvania linked birth‐infant death records (2003‐2011) from infants without anomalies born to mothers with prepregnancy BMI categorized as underweight (n = 58,973), normal weight (n = 610,118), overweight (n = 296,630), grade 1 obesity (n = 147,608), grade 2 obesity (n = 71,740), and grade 3 obesity (n = 47,277). Multivariable logistic regression models stratified by BMI category were used to estimate dose‐response associations between z scores of gestational weight gain and infant death after confounder adjustment.ResultsInfant mortality risk was lowest among normal‐weight women and increased with rising BMI category. For all BMI groups except for grade 3 obesity, there were U‐shaped associations between gestational weight gain and risk of infant death. Weight loss and very low weight gain among women with grades 1 and 2 obesity were associated with high risks of infant mortality. However, even when gestational weight gain in women with obesity was optimized, the predicted risk of infant death remained higher than that of normal‐weight women.ConclusionsInterventions aimed at substantially reducing preconception weight among women with obesity and avoiding very low or very high gestational weight gain may reduce risk of infant death.
Markedly High Plasma Thrombopoietin (TPO) Level is a Predictor of Poor Response to Immunosuppressive Therapy in Children With Acquired Severe Aplastic Anemia
Authors: Elmahdi Shaimaa , Muramatsu Hideki , Narita Atsushi , Ismael Olfat , Hama Asahito , Nishio Nobuhiru , Okuno Yusuke , Xu Yinyan , Wang Xinan , Takahashi Yoshiyuki , Kojima Seiji 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundImmunosuppressive therapy (IST) is commonly used for patients with acquired severe aplastic anemia (SAA). Because the clinical response rate and therapeutic outcome for individual patients to IST varies, an in vitro test that identifies potential responders would be desirable.MethodsWe evaluated the relationship between thrombopoietin (TPO) levels at the time of diagnosis and the response to IST at 6 months in 85 children (median age, 9.0 years; range, 1.0–15.5 years) with acquired SAA using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Thirty‐one age‐matched healthy individuals were used as controls. All patients received antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporine.ResultsOverall, 39 patients (45.9%) responded to IST at 6 months. TPO plasma levels were significantly higher in nonresponders than in responders (1,555.8 vs. 1,284.7 pg/ml, respectively; P = 0.031). Multivariate analysis identified the TPO levels of >1,796.7 pg/ml (TPO‐high group, 20 patients; odds ratio (OR), 8.285; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.114–32.904; P = 0.002) as independent poor predictors of IST response at 6 months. Moreover, the TPO‐high group was associated with lower 5‐year failure‐free survival rates (30% vs. 68%, P = 0.012) compared with the TPO‐low group.ConclusionThe measurement of TPO levels at diagnosis is useful for predicting the response to IST in children with SAA and may help in decision making.