bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classification Rule for 5-year Cardiovascular Diseases Risk using decision tree in Primary Care Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Wan Eric Yuk Fai , Fong Daniel Yee Tak , Fung Colman Siu Cheung , Yu Esther Yee Tak , Chin Weng Yee , Chan Anca Ka Chun , Lam Cindy Lo Kuen 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCardiovascular disease(CVD) is the leading cause of mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM), and a risk classification model for CVD among primary care diabetic patients is pivotal for risk-based interventions and patient information. This study developed a simple tool for a 5-year CVD risk prediction for primary care Chinese patients with T2DM. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 137,935 primary care Chinese T2DM patients aged 18–79 years without history of CVD between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2010. New events of CVD of the cohort over a median follow up of 5 years were extracted from the medical records. A classification rule of 5-year CVD risk was obtained from the derivation cohort and validated in the validation cohort. Significant risk factors included in decision tree were age, gender, smoking status, diagnosis duration, obesity, unsatisfactory control on haemoglobin A1c and cholesterol, albuminuria and stage of chronic kidney disease, which categorized patients into five 5-year CVD risk groups(<5%; 5–9%; 10–14%; 15–19% and ≥20%). Taking the group with the lowest CVD risk, the hazard ratios varied from 1.92(1.77,2.08) to 8.46(7.75,9.24). The present prediction model performed comparable discrimination and better calibration from the plot compared to other current existing models.
Discordancy Partitioning for Validating Potentially Inconsistent Pharmacogenomic Studies
Authors: Rao J. Sunil , Liu Hongmei 
Published: November 2017

Abstract The Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) are two major studies that can be used to mine for therapeutic biomarkers for cancers of a large variety. Model validation using the two datasets however has proved challenging. Both predictions and signatures do not consistently validate well for models built on one dataset and tested on the other. While the genomic profiling seems consistent, the drug response data is not. Some efforts at harmonizing experimental designs has helped but not entirely removed model validation difficulties. In this paper, we present a partitioning strategy based on a data sharing concept which directly acknowledges a potential lack of concordance between datasets and in doing so, also allows for extraction of reproducible novel gene-drug interaction signatures as well as accurate test set predictions. We demonstrate these properties in a re-analysis of the GDSC and CCLE datasets.
Statistical Analysis for Collision-free Boson Sampling
Authors: Huang He-Liang , Zhong Han-Sen , Li Tan , Li Feng-Guang , Fu Xiang-Qun , Zhang Shuo , Wang Xiang , Bao Wan-Su 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBoson sampling is strongly believed to be intractable for classical computers but solvable with photons in linear optics, which raises widespread concern as a rapid way to demonstrate the quantum supremacy. However, due to its solution is mathematically unverifiable, how to certify the experimental results becomes a major difficulty in the boson sampling experiment. Here, we develop a statistical analysis scheme to experimentally certify the collision-free boson sampling. Numerical simulations are performed to show the feasibility and practicability of our scheme, and the effects of realistic experimental conditions are also considered, demonstrating that our proposed scheme is experimentally friendly. Moreover, our broad approach is expected to be generally applied to investigate multi-particle coherent dynamics beyond the boson sampling.
High-accuracy wavefront sensing by phase diversity technique with bisymmetric defocuses diversity phase
Authors: Zhang Peiguang , Yang Chengliang , Xu Zihao , Cao Zhaoliang , Mu Quanquan , Xuan Li 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe investigate a specific diversity phase for phase diversity (PD) phase retrieval, which possesses higher accuracy than common PD, especially for large-scale and high-frequency wavefront sensing. The commonly used PD algorithm employs the image intensities of the focused plane and one defocused plane to build the error metric. Unlike the commonly used PD, we explore a bisymmetric defocuses diversity phase, which employs the image intensities of two symmetrical defocused planes to build the error metric. This kind of diversity phase, named PD-BD (bisymmetric defocuses phase diversity), is analysed with the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB). Statistically, PD-BD shows smaller CRLBs than the commonly used PD, which indicates stronger capacity of phase retrieval. Numerical simulations also verify that PD-BD has higher accuracy of phase retrieval than the commonly used PD when dealing with large-scale and high-frequency wavefront aberrations. To further affirm that PD-BD possesses higher accuracy of wavefront sensing than PD, we also perform a simple verification experiment.
Brief targeted memory reactivation during the awake state enhances memory stability and benefits the weakest memories
Authors: Tambini Arielle , Berners-Lee Alice , Davachi Lila 
Published: November 2017

AbstractReactivation of representations corresponding to recent experience is thought to be a critical mechanism supporting long-term memory stabilization. Targeted memory reactivation, or the re-exposure of recently learned cues, seeks to induce reactivation and has been shown to benefit later memory when it takes place during sleep. However, despite recent evidence for endogenous reactivation during post-encoding awake periods, less work has addressed whether awake targeted memory reactivation modulates memory. Here, we found that brief (50 ms) visual stimulus re-exposure during a repetitive foil task enhanced the stability of cued versus uncued associations in memory. The extent of external or task-oriented attention prior to re-exposure was inversely related to cueing benefits, suggesting that an internally-orientated state may be most permissible to reactivation. Critically, cueing-related memory benefits were greatest in participants without explicit recognition of cued items and remained reliable when only considering associations not recognized as cued, suggesting that explicit cue-triggered retrieval processes did not drive cueing benefits. Cueing benefits were strongest for associations and participants with the poorest initial learning. These findings expand our knowledge of the conditions under which targeted memory reactivation can benefit memory, and in doing so, support the notion that reactivation during awake time periods improves memory stabilization.
The effects of vitamin E or lipoic acid supplementation on oxyphytosterols in subjects with elevated oxidative stress: a randomized trial
Authors: Baumgartner Sabine , Mensink Ronald P. , Haenen Guido R. , Bast Aalt , Binder Christoph J. , Bekers Otto , Husche Constanze , Lütjohann Dieter , Plat Jogchum 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDespite increased serum plant sterol concentrations after consumption of plant sterol enriched margarines, plasma oxyphytosterol concentrations were not increased in healthy subjects. Here, we assessed plasma oxyphytosterol concentrations and whether they are affected by antioxidants in subjects with elevated oxidative stress. Twenty subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or type 2 diabetes (DM2) consumed for 4 weeks placebo, vitamin E (804 mg/d) or lipoic acid capsules (600 mg/d). Plasma and blood cell oxyphytosterol and oxycholesterol concentrations were determined in butylated hydroxytoluene-enriched EDTA plasma via GC-MS. Also, markers reflecting oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity were measured. Plasma oxycampesterol and oxysitosterol concentrations were 122% and 83% higher in IGT or DM2 subjects than in healthy subjects, as determined in an earlier study. Vitamin E or lipoic acid supplementation did not reduce plasma oxyphytosterol and oxycholesterol concentrations, or other markers reflecting oxidative stress or antioxidative capacity. Concentrations of different oxyphytosterols correlated within plasma, and within red blood cells and platelets. However, plasma and blood cell oxyphytosterol levels did not correlate. Although plasma oxyphytosterol concentrations are higher in IGT or DM2 subjects than in healthy subjects, 4-weeks vitamin E or lipoic acid supplementation does not lower plasma oxycholesterol or oxyphytosterol concentrations.
Large-scale identification of lysine acetylated proteins in vegetative hyphae of the rice blast fungus
Authors: Sun Xiaomei , Li Zhigang , Liu Hang , Yang Jun , Liang Wenxing , Peng You-Liang , Huang Jinguang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractLysine acetylation is a major post-translational modification that plays important regulatory roles in diverse biological processes to perform various cellular functions in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. However, roles of lysine acetylation in plant fungal pathogens were less studied. Here, we provided the first lysine acetylome of vegetative hyphae of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae through a combination of highly sensitive immune-affinity purification and high-resolution LC-MS/MS. This lysine acetylome had 2,720 acetylation sites in 1,269 proteins. The lysine acetylated proteins were involved indiverse cellular functions, and located in 820 nodes and 7,709 edges among the protein-protein interaction network. Several amino acid residues nearby the lysine acetylation sites were conserved, including KacR, KacK, and KacH. Importantly, dozens of lysine acetylated proteins are found to be important to vegetative hyphal growth and fungal pathogenicity. Taken together, our results provided the first comprehensive view of lysine acetylome of M.oryzae and suggested protein lysine acetylation played important roles to fungal development and pathogenicity.
Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Enhances the Proliferation and Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells by Notch, PI3K/AKT, and Wnt/β-catenin Signaling
Authors: Zhang Jing , Kang Nan , Yu Xiaotong , Ma Yuewen , Pang Xining 
Published: November 2017

AbstractNeural stem cell (NSC) proliferation and differentiation play a pivotal role in the repair of brain function in central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT) is a non-invasive and innovative treatment for many conditions, yet little is known about the effects of this treatment on NSCs. Mouse NSCs (NE-4C) were exposed to rESWT with 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 bar (500 impulses, and 2 Hz) in vitro. Cell viability test results indicated that rESWT, at a dose of 2.5 bar, 500 impulses, and 2 Hz, increased NE-4C viability within 72 h, and that the PI3K/AKT pathway was involved in its mechanisms. Exposure to rESWT also affected proliferation and differentiation of NE-4C after 8 weeks, which may be associated with Wnt/β-catenin and Notch pathways. This assessment is corroborated by the ability of inhibitors of Wnt/β-catenin [Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1)] and the Notch pathway (DAPT) to weaken proliferation and differentiation of NSCs. In summary, a proper dose of rESWT enhanced NSCs augment via the PI3K/AKT pathway initially. Also, Wnt/β-catenin and the Notch pathway play important roles in regulation of the long-term efficacy of rESWT. This study reveals a novel approach to culture NSCs in vitro and support neurogenesis.
Quasi-static and dynamic experimental studies on the tensile strength and failure pattern of concrete and mortar discs
Authors: Jin Xiaochao , Hou Cheng , Fan Xueling , Lu Chunsheng , Yang Huawei , Shu Xuefeng , Wang Zhihua 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAs concrete and mortar materials widely used in structural engineering may suffer dynamic loadings, studies on their mechanical properties under different strain rates are of great importance. In this paper, based on splitting tests of Brazilian discs, the tensile strength and failure pattern of concrete and mortar were investigated under quasi-static and dynamic loadings with a strain rate of 1–200 s−1. It is shown that the quasi-static tensile strength of mortar is higher than that of concrete since coarse aggregates weaken the interface bonding strength of the latter. Numerical results confirmed that the plane stress hypothesis lead to a lower value tensile strength for the cylindrical specimens. With the increase of strain rates, dynamic tensile strengths of concrete and mortar significantly increase, and their failure patterns change form a single crack to multiple cracks and even fragment. Furthermore, a relationship between the dynamic increase factor and strain rate was established by using a linear fitting algorithm, which can be conveniently used to calculate the dynamic increase factor of concrete-like materials in engineering applications.
Reentry via high-frequency pacing in a mathematical model for human-ventricular cardiac tissue with a localized fibrotic region
Authors: Zimik Soling , Pandit Rahul 
Published: November 2017

AbstractLocalized heterogeneities, caused by the regional proliferation of fibroblasts, occur in mammalian hearts because of diseases like myocardial infarction. Such fibroblast clumps can become sources of pathological reentrant activities, e.g., spiral or scroll waves of electrical activation in cardiac tissue. The occurrence of reentry in cardiac tissue with heterogeneities, such as fibroblast clumps, can depend on the frequency at which the medium is paced. Therefore, it is important to study the reentry-initiating potential of such fibroblast clumps at different frequencies of pacing. We investigate the arrhythmogenic effects of fibroblast clumps at high- and low-frequency pacing. We find that reentrant waves are induced in the medium more prominently at high-frequency pacing than with low-frequency pacing. We also study the other factors that affect the potential of fibroblast clumps to induce reentry in cardiac tissue. In particular, we show that the ability of a fibroblast clump to induce reentry depends on the size of the clump, the distribution and percentage of fibroblasts in the clump, and the excitability of the medium. We study the process of reentry in two-dimensional and a three-dimensional mathematical models for cardiac tissue.
Suppression of Th17-polarized airway inflammation by rapamycin
Authors: Joean Oana , Hueber Anja , Feller Felix , Jirmo Adan Chari , Lochner Matthias , Dittrich Anna-Maria , Albrecht Melanie 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBecause Th17-polarized airway inflammation correlates with poor control in bronchial asthma and is a feature of numerous other difficult-to-treat inflammatory lung diseases, new therapeutic approaches for this type of airway inflammation are necessary. We assessed different licensed anti-inflammatory agents with known or expected efficacy against Th17-polarization in mouse models of Th17-dependent airway inflammation. Upon intravenous transfer of in vitro derived Th17 cells and intranasal challenge with the corresponding antigen, we established acute and chronic murine models of Th17-polarised airway inflammation. Consecutively, we assessed the efficacy of methylprednisolone, roflumilast, azithromycin, AM80 and rapamycin against acute or chronic Th17-dependent airway inflammation. Quantifiers for Th17-associated inflammation comprised: bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) differential cell counts, allergen-specific cytokine and immunoglobulin secretion, as well as flow cytometric phenotyping of pulmonary inflammatory cells. Only rapamycin proved effective against acute Th17-dependent airway inflammation, accompanied by increased plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and reduced neutrophils as well as reduced CXCL-1 levels in BAL. Chronic Th17-dependent airway inflammation was unaltered by rapamycin treatment. None of the other agents showed efficacy in our models. Our results demonstrate that Th17-dependent airway inflammation is difficult to treat with known agents. However, we identify rapamycin as an agent with inhibitory potential against acute Th17-polarized airway inflammation.
Catalyst-free Organic Synthesis
Authors: Brahmachari Goutam 
Published: November 2017

It is well-established that organic synthetic processes have been at the core of the chemical industry for hundreds of years, in the production of organic compounds with a wide range of applications. However, we are becoming increasingly aware of the hazardous substances used and generated by these chemical processes. The field of organic synthesis has undergone profound changes to switch to equally efficient, but more sustainable processes that avoid the extensive use of toxic and hazardous reagents and solvents, harsh reaction conditions and expensive and sophisticated catalysts.
Explaining methods for carrying out chemical syntheses without the use of catalysts, this book shows how avoiding catalysts during synthesis can mean less use of toxic chemicals, environmentally damaging chemicals or endangered elements and lower costs. It is an important reference for chemists involved in organic synthesis, as well as for green chemists.
Ectopic Solitary Cortical Anaplastic Ependymoma in a Child: A Rare Entity with Short Illustrative Review
Authors: Guthe Sachin , Survashe Pravin , Velho Vernon , Bhopale Laxmikant , Darade Poonam 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEpendymomas are usually infratentorial and intraventricular. They originate from the ependymal cell lining of the ventricles. Cortical extraventricular supratentorial ependymomas are rare and fewer than 15 cases are reported worldwide. In pediatric age group, seven cases are reported. We report a rare case of 4-year-old boy with right frontoparietal anaplastic ependymoma who underwent gross total excision of lesion.
In Vitro Comparison of Two Barbed Suture Configurations for Flexor Tendon Repair
Authors: Engel Jamie , Gabra Joseph , Esterle Andrew , Lanzinger William , Elias John 
Published: November 2017

Purpose The current study compares the strength of a previously studied technique for flexor tendon repair with barbed sutures to an experimental approach that aligns all the barbs to oppose distraction.
Methods Twelve flexor tendons from cadaveric specimens were mechanically tested following repair of simulated zone II tendon injuries. Two repair techniques utilizing barbed sutures were studied: the Marrero-Amadeo four-core barbed suture approach and the experimental configuration with all barbs on four cores opposing distraction. Maximum applied load at failure, that is, ultimate load, and 2-mm gap force were compared between the two repair techniques, both as raw values and after normalization to cross-sectional area of the intact tendon. Statistical testing was performed using t-tests and Mann-Whitney U-tests, where appropriate, with a significance level of 0.05.
Results The ultimate loads, raw (58.2 N) and normalized (4.8 N/mm2), were significantly larger for the Marrero-Amadeo repair than the proposed experimental approach (35.6 N and 2.7 N/mm2; p < 0.05). No significant differences were identified for 2-mm gap force.
Conclusion The innovation of suturing to align all barbs to oppose distraction does not improve strength of the repaired tendon. The Marrero-Amadeo technique was found to have superior strength for use in traumatic zone II flexor tendon injuries.
Interventionen zur Reduzierung sitzenden Verhaltens am Büroarbeitsplatz – eine systematische Literaturanalyse
Authors: Becker Ina , Wallmann-Sperlich Birgit , Rupp Robert , Bucksch Jens 
Published: November 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Sitzendes Verhalten wird zunehmend als ein eigenständiger gesundheitlicher Risikofaktor eingeschätzt. Ein wesentliches Handlungsfeld für Interventionen zur Reduzierung sitzenden Verhaltens stellt deshalb der Büroarbeitsplatz dar. Dieses systematische Review untersucht, ob sitz- und/oder bewegungsspezifische Interventionen die Sitzzeiten von Büroangestellten am Arbeitsplatz reduzieren.
Methoden Von April bis Mai 2016 wurde in den Datenbanken „PubMed“, „PsycINFO“ und „SPORTDiscus“ eine systematische Literaturrecherche durchgeführt. Insgesamt ließen sich 17 Studien identifizieren, welche die Sitzzeiten von Büroangestellten untersuchten. Die relevanten Studien wurden in einer „Best Evidence Synthesis“ zusammengefasst. Zusätzlich wurde eine Moderatoranalyse (u. a. Interventionsmethoden) durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse Multikomponenten-Interventionen und Sitz-Steh-Arbeitsstationen sind vielversprechend zur Reduzierung der Sitzzeiten von Büroangestellten. In der Moderatoranalyse fiel der Anteil signifikant positiver Interventionsergebnisse für die Interventionsmethoden „Umweltveränderungen“, „Hinzufügen von Objekten zur Umgebung“ und „Anleitungen, um ein Verhalten auszuführen“ am höchsten aus. Interventionen mit spezifischem Fokus auf das Sitzen sowie Studien mit objektiver Messmethodik zur Erhebung der Sitzzeit zeigten sich erfolgversprechender.
Schlussfolgerung Es existieren verschiedene erfolgversprechende Interventionen zur Reduzierung der Sitzzeiten am Büroarbeitsplatz. Hier sind Mehrkomponenten-Interventionen und die Installation von Sitz-Steh-Arbeitsstationen hervorzuheben. Wenig Evidenz liegt für die Langzeitwirkung vor. Die Heterogenität der Studien schränkt zudem allgemeingültige Wirksamkeitsaussagen ein. Zukünftige Studien sollten Interventionen stärker theoriebasiert planen und die Sitzzeiten mithilfe subjektiver und objektiver Messinstrumente erfassen.
Big Data und Public Health
Authors: Moebus Susanne , Kuhn Joseph , Hoffmann Wolfgang 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungBig Data ist ein diffuser Begriff, der als ein Ansatz zur Verknüpfung riesiger und häufig unstrukturierter Datensätze umschrieben werden könnte. Big Data wird in vielen Gesellschaftsbereichen genutzt. Für Public Health (PH) ist Big Data dagegen ein kaum entwickeltes Thema. In diesem Beitrag wird Big Data über die Anwendungsmotive Informationseffizienz, Vorhersage und Clustering erläutert. Am Beispiel der Anwendung in Wissenschaft, Patientenversorgung, Chancengleichheit und Smart Cities werden typische Herausforderungen und offene Fragen von Big Data für PH umrissen. Neben der unumgänglichen Beschäftigung mit Big Data, ist eine Vernetzung insbesondere mit Wissens- und Entscheidungsträgern aus Politik und Praxis notwendig.
Die Inanspruchnahme der ambulanten Notfallversorgung in Westfalen-Lippe: eine medizingeographische Studie
Authors: Völker Sebastian 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Identifikation geographischer Variationen in der Inanspruchnahme ambulanter Notfallversorgungseinrichtungen ist das effektivste Instrument, um Regionen mit dem größten Potenzial zur Steigerung von Qualität und Effizienz in der Notfallversorgung zu lokalisieren. Ziel der Studie ist in einem Regressionsmodell die Inanspruchnahme unter Berücksichtigung gemeindeübergreifender, lokaler Abhängigkeiten und von Agglomerationseffekten zu schätzen. Die Datengrundlage dieser ökologischen Studie bildeten alle gesetzlich krankenversicherten, ambulanten Notfallpatientenkontakte aus dem Jahr 2013 (n=1 927 471), die nach dem Wohnortprinzip auf die 231 Gemeinden des Versorgungsgebietes der Kassenärztlichen Vereinigung Westfalen-Lippe aggregiert wurden. Mithilfe geostatistischer Verfahren wurde der Anteil der ambulanten Notfallpatientenkontakte in Krankenhausambulanzen durch sozio-ökonomische, patientenfokussierte und geographische Variablen modelliert. Die Inanspruchnahme von Krankenhausambulanzen (Ø=56,2 %) in Westfalen-Lippe stellt sich räumlich heterogen dar (min=14,8 %; max=83,9 %). Als wichtige Einflussfaktoren wurden die Patientensouveränität, der Gesundheitszustand des Patienten, die räumliche Distanz zum Versorgungsangebot und die Region Ruhrgebiet identifiziert. Die grenzüberschreitende Betrachtung spielt in der vorliegenden Studie eine gewichtige Rolle für die Inanspruchnahme von Notfallversorgungseinrichtungen und hilft potenzielle Interventionsräume zu identifizieren.