bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MEAN inhibits hepatitis C virus replication by interfering with a polypyrimidine tract‐binding protein
Authors: Xue Jihua , Liu Yanning , Yang Ying , Wu Shanshan , Hu Ying , Yang Fan , Zhou Xiaotang , Wang Jing , Chen Feng , Zheng Min , Zhu Haihong , Chen Zhi 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMEAN (6‐methoxyethylamino‐numonafide) is a small molecule compound, and here, we report that it effectively inhibits hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in an HCV cell culture system using a JC1‐Luc chimeric virus, with a 50% effective concentration (EC50) of 2.36 ± 0.29 μM. Drug combination usage analyses demonstrated that MEAN was synergistic with interferon α, ITX5061 and ribavirin. In addition, MEAN effectively inhibits N415D mutant virus and G451R mutant viral infections. Mechanistic studies show that the treatment of HCV‐infected hepatocytes with MEAN inhibits HCV replication but not translation. Furthermore, treatment with MEAN significantly reduces polypyrimidine tract‐binding protein (PTB) levels and blocks the cytoplasmic redistribution of PTB upon infection. In the host cytoplasm, PTB is directly associated with HCV replication, and the inhibition of HCV replication by MEAN can result in the sequestration of PTB in treated nuclei. Taken together, these results indicate that MEAN is a potential therapeutic candidate for HCV infection, and the targeting of the nucleo‐cytoplasmic translocation of the host PTB protein could be a novel strategy to interrupt HCV replication.
Host‐derived salivary biomarkers in diagnosing periodontal disease: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: de Lima Caroline L. , Acevedo Ana Carolina , Grisi Daniela C. , Taba Mario , Guerra Eliete , De Luca Canto Graziela 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimTo systematically evaluate the accuracy of host‐derived salivary biomarkers in the diagnosis of periodontal disease based on the given sensitivity and specificity information.Materials and MethodsStudies were eligible for inclusion if they had compared the diagnostic application of salivary biomarkers with clinical examination of periodontal disease. A detailed search was performed in five databases without restrictions on subject age, chronology, or language. Additionally, a partial grey‐literature search was conducted. The revised Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool and Meta‐analysis were used to evaluate the selected studies.ResultsFrom the 905 screened studies, four were included in the qualitative and quantitative analysis. One biomarker, macrophage inflammatory protein‐1α (MIP‐1α), had excellent diagnostic accuracy and two, interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), showed acceptable diagnostic values. However, the only biomarker considered excellent was evaluated in a single study, which may reduce the robustness of the results.ConclusionThere is currently limited evidence to confirm the diagnostic capability of salivary biomarkers in the clinical assessment of periodontal disease. Notwithstanding, the summary findings showed the growing importance of salivary biomarker, and can guide larger, well‐controlled, diagnostic accuracy studies. Likewise, although not conclusive, MIP‐1α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 may be promising biomarkers for future studies.
Ultrasonic‐Assisted Extraction of Phenols, Flavonoids, and Biocompounds with Inhibitory Effect Against Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus Aureus from Cactus Pear
Authors: Espinosa‐Muñoz V. , RoldáN‐cruz C.A. , HernáNdez‐Fuentes A.D. , Quintero‐Lira A. , Almaraz‐Buendía I. , Campos‐Montiel R.G. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThree experimental variables [methanol concentration, extraction time, and material‐to‐solvent ratio (w/v)] were optimized in the ultrasonic‐assisted, Box‐Behnken extraction of biocompounds (total phenols and flavonoids) from xoconostle (Opuntia oligacantha) to determine the antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus. The total phenols and inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus were optimal with 10 min of ultrasound and 40% methanol, and a ratio of 1:20 (w/v); the total flavonoids was optimal with 20 min of ultrasound, 40% methanol, and a 1:30 ratio (w/v); and the biocompound effect on Salmonella typhimurium was optimal with 10 min of ultrasound, 60% methanol and a ratio of 1:10 (w/v). The polynomial equations showed satisfactory accuracy in predicting the extraction yield. The total phenol content and Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus parameters were fit to a quadratic model, while for flavonoids, the fit was linear. The results showed that biocompounds extracted from xoconostle have a high inhibitory effect on Salmonella typhimurium and a moderate effect on Staphylococcus aureus. These xoconostle extracts can be used as a natural antibacterial additive in the food industry.Practical ApplicationThe use of natural antibacterial compounds in the food industry has been increasing. Xoconostle is the acidic fruit of the Nopal, or the cactus pear, which is endemic in the Americas. In this study, three variables of the ultrasound‐assisted extraction of biocompounds from xoconostle were optimized for antibacterial activity using the surface‐response Box‐Behnken design, namely, the methanol concentration, extraction time, and material‐to‐solvent ratio (w/v). The results showed that the best conditions for the extraction of phenols and biocompounds with inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus were the same, while the optimal conditions for the extraction of flavonoids and biocompounds with inhibitory activity against Salmonella typhimurium were different. The ultrasound‐assisted xoconostle extractions of flavonoids, phenols, and biocompounds with antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria have potential applications as food additives.
Neuropsychological Profile and Dementia Symptom Recognition in Help‐Seekers in a Community Early‐Detection Program in Hong Kong
Authors: Tang Jennifer Y.‐M. , Wong Gloria H.‐Y. , Ng Carmen K.‐M. , Kwok Dorothy T.‐S. , Lee Maggie N.‐Y. , Dai David L.‐K. , Lum Terry Y.‐S. 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivesTo examine the neuropsychological and clinical profile of help‐seekers in an early‐detection community dementia program and to explore any relationship between profiles and time to seek help.DesignCross‐sectional.SettingEarly‐detection community dementia program.ParticipantsHelp‐seekers (N = 1,005) with subjective cognitive complaints or complaints from an informant.MeasurementsNeurocognitive testing, including the Cantonese Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clock Drawing Test, Digit Span, and Fuld Object Memory Evaluation and other clinical and functioning assessments, including the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), activities of daily living (ADLs), instrumental ADLs (IADLs), and depressive symptoms. Time since the person or an informant reported that they first noticed symptoms.ResultsEighty‐six percent of help‐seekers had at least very mild dementia (CDR score ≥0.5). Cognitive performance was moderately impaired (mean MMSE score 18.4 ± 6.1). They required some assistance with IADLs, had very mild ADL impairments, and had few depressive symptoms. Median time to seek assessment was 12 months (interquartile range 7–30 months) according to the person or the informant (an adult child in 75% of the sample). Using the median‐split method, time to seek assessment was classified as early (0–12 months) and late (>12 months). Worse cognitive and IADL performance but not ADL performance or depressive symptoms were observed in late than in early help‐seekers. Longer time intervals between symptom recognition and early assessment showed a trend of further impairments on all measures except ADLs.ConclusionA time interval of more than 12 months between symptom recognition and early assessment appears to be associated with worse cognitive function upon presentation.
Cognitive Reserve, Incident Dementia, and Associated Mortality in the Ibadan Study of Ageing
Authors: Ojagbemi Akin , Bello Toyin , Gureje Oye 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivesTo describe factors associated with incident dementia and dementia mortality over 5 years in a large community sample of elderly persons.DesignLongitudinal investigation of a household multistage probability sample.SettingEight contiguous states of the Yoruba‐speaking region of Nigeria.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 65 and older (N = 2,149).MeasurementsDementia was diagnosed using tools previously validated in the population. Incident cases of dementia over three follow‐up waves were determined after censoring cases in the preceding wave. Information on mortality was collected from key informants in subjects' households.ResultsA dementia incident rate was found of 20.9 per 1,000 person‐years (95% confidence interval (CI) = 17.7–24.9). The adjusted mortality hazard for those with dementia was 1.5 (95% CI = 1.1–2.1). Along with previously identified social and demographic factors, poor predementia cognitive function (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.1–2.8) and low occupational complexity (HR = 3.2, 95% CI = 1.3–8.0) were associated with incident dementia.ConclusionThe findings confirm the low incidence of dementia in this population, as previously reported. The condition is nevertheless associated with higher risk of mortality. Along with some features of social disadvantage, proxies of lower cognitive reserve were risk factors for incident dementia.
Intrapartum and Postpartum Transfers to a Tertiary Care Hospital from Out‐of‐Hospital Birth Settings: A Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Lundeen Tiffany 
Published: March 2016

IntroductionThis study describes the reasons for and outcomes of maternal transfers from private homes and freestanding birthing suites to a large academic hospital in order to better understand and meet the needs of transferring women and their families.MethodsThe convenience sample included all adult women admitted to the labor and birth unit or emergency room within a 5‐year period who: 1) had planned to give birth out‐of‐hospital but developed complications at term before the onset of labor and were admitted to the hospital for labor induction; 2) had planned to give birth at home or in a birthing suite but transferred to the hospital during labor; or 3) arrived at the hospital for care within 24 hours after a planned birth at home or in a birthing suite. Descriptive data for each transfer were obtained from the medical record.ResultsFifty‐one transfers were identified: 11 prior to labor, 38 during labor, and 2 postpartum. Only 4 transfers were considered urgent by the referring provider. The most common reasons for intrapartum transfer were prolonged labor (n = 19) and desire for epidural analgesia (n = 10). Only 25% of the medical records had documentation that the referring provider accompanied the woman to the hospital during the care transition or was involved in her hospital course; however, the prenatal and/or intrapartum records had been delivered by the referring provider, were referenced in the hospital admission note, and had become part of the permanent hospital medical record for 85% of the women. On average, one transfer per year was complicated by neonatal morbidity, and one transfer per year involved significant disagreement between hospital providers and the women presenting for care.DiscussionCollecting and reviewing data about a facility's perinatal transfer events can help the local multi‐stakeholder group appraise current practice and plan for quality improvement.
Mitochondrial dysfunction precedes depression of AMPK/AKT signaling in insulin resistance induced by high glucose in primary cortical neurons
Authors: Peng Yunhua , Liu Jing , Shi Le , Tang Ying , Gao Dan , Long Jiangang , Liu Jiankang 
Published: March 2016

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated brain insulin signaling impairment and mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetes. Hyperinsulinemia and hyperlipidemia arising from diabetes have been linked to neuronal insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia induces peripheral sensory neuronal impairment and mitochondrial dysfunction. However, how brain glucose at diabetic conditions elicits cortical neuronal insulin signaling impairment and mitochondrial dysfunction remains unknown. In the present study, we cultured primary cortical neurons with high glucose levels and investigated the neuronal mitochondrial function and insulin response. We found that mitochondrial function was declined in presence of 10 mmol/L glucose, prior to the depression of AKT signaling in primary cortical neurons. We further demonstrated that the cerebral cortex of db/db mice exhibited both insulin resistance and loss of mitochondrial complex components. Moreover, we found that adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) inactivation is involved in high glucose‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance in primary cortical neurons and neuroblastoma cells, as well as in cerebral cortex of db/db mice, and all these impairments can be rescued by mitochondrial activator, resveratrol. Taken together, our results extend the finding that high glucose (≥10 mmol/L) comparable to diabetic brain extracellular glucose level leads to neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction and resultant insulin resistance, and targeting mitochondria‐AMPK signaling might be a promising strategy to protect against diabetes‐related neuronal impairment in central nerves system.
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We found that high glucose (≥10 mmol/L), comparable to diabetic brain extracellular glucose level, leads to neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction and resultant insulin resistance in an AMPK‐dependent manner, and targeting mitochondria‐AMPK signaling might be a promising strategy to protect against diabetes‐related neuronal impairment in central nerves system.
Exploring the Masculine Identity in the Context of HIV Prevention in Chile
Authors: Ferrer Lilian , Cianelli Rosina , Villegas Natalia , Reed Reiley , Bernales Margarita , Repetto Paula , Hufstader Theodore , Lara Loreto , Irarrázabal Lisette , Peragallo‐Montano Nilda 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPurposeThis study aims to describe human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐related knowledge and beliefs, as well as understanding attitudes towards masculinity in the context of HIV prevention, held among Chilean men.DesignThis study reports the qualitative findings of a sequential qualitative‐quantitative mixed methodology study: Bringing men into HIV Prevention in Chile, NIH R01 TW007674‐03.MethodsTwenty in‐depth interviews using a qualitative, descriptive approach to elicit information for the study were conducted among men residing in two communities of low socio‐economic status in Santiago, Chile.FindingsContent analysis of interviews revealed three main themes regarding machismo and how it relates to HIV: sexuality and machismo, the changing nature of machismo, and violence against women.ConclusionsAddressing HIV and intimate partner violence through developing education programs tailored to meet the needs of Chilean men are needed to include men in HIV prevention efforts.Clinical RelevanceSpecifically, incorporating ideas of what men consider healthy masculinity and working to destigmatize men who have sex with men are important steps in addressing the negative aspects of machismo.
RESEARCH ON THE MOTION PICTURE INDUSTRY: STATE OF THE ART AND NEW DIRECTIONS OFF THE BEATEN TRACK AWAY FROM THEATRICAL RELEASE
Authors: Kumb Florian , Kunz Reinhard , Siegert Gabriele 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe motion picture industry has been subject of extensive academic research over the last decades. However, most scholars focused on the U.S. theatrical motion picture market. The number of research activities regarding even more profitable release windows, such as home video or television, has been substantially lower. Although international distribution is essential for a motion picture project to break even, there has been little significant re‐search on most other markets. This paper aims at summarizing the current state of research on the motion picture industry, particularly from marketing and management perspective, revealing research gaps, and proposing recommendations for future research endeavors. Therefore, a three‐pillar scheme is developed to systemize previous findings: Research on intraorganizational decision making, contractual relationships between national stakeholders, and international market competition are differentiated. Since these insights are mainly derived from U.S. theatrical exhibition, they can hardly be applied to other markets and exhibition windows. Thus, potential research areas are identified to expand knowledge of posttheatrical and international markets.
Usefulness of Frequency Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Compared with Intravascular Ultrasound as a Guidance for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Kim In‐Cheol , Yoon Hyuck‐Jun , Shin Eun‐Seok , Kim Min‐Seok , Park Jincheol , Cho Yun‐Kyeong , Park Hyoung‐Seob , Kim Hyungseop , Nam Chang‐Wook , Han Seong‐Wook , Kim Yoon‐Nyun , Kim Kwon‐Bae , Hur Seung‐Ho 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivesTo compare outcomes and rates of optimal stent placement between optical coherence tomography (OCT) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).BackgroundUnlike IVUS‐guided PCI, rates of clinical outcomes and optimal stent placement have not been well characterized for OCT‐guided PCI.MethodsThe study enrolled 290 patients who underwent implantation of a second generation drug eluting stent under OCT (122 patients) or IVUS (168 patients) guidance. The two groups were compared after adjusting for baseline differences using 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) (114 patients in each group). Optimal stent placement was defined as achieving an adequate lumen (optimal minimum stent area [MSA > 4.85 mm2 for OCT, >5 mm2 for IVUS] or a final MSA ≥ 90% of the distal reference lumen area, without edge dissection, incomplete stent apposition, or tissue prolapse), or otherwise performing additional interventions to address suboptimal post‐stenting OCT or IVUS findings. The primary endpoint was one‐year cumulative incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE; cardiac death, myocardial infarction and target lesion revascularization). Definite or probable stent thrombosis (ST) rates were evaluated.ResultsIn adjusted comparisons between OCT and IVUS groups, there was no significant difference in rates of MACE (3.5% vs. 3.5%, P = 1.000) and ST (0% vs. 0.9%, P = 1.000) at 1 year, optimal stent placement (89.5% vs. 92.1%, P = 0.492), and further intervention (7.9% vs.13.2%, P = 0.234), despite OCT significantly more frequently detecting tissue prolapse (97.4% vs. 47.4%, P < 0.001), and numerically more edge dissection (10.5% vs. 4.4%, P = 0.078) or incomplete stent apposition (48.2% vs. 36.8%, P = 0.082).ConclusionsOCT guidance showed comparable results to IVUS in mid‐term clinical outcomes, suggesting that OCT can be an alternative tool for stent placement optimization. (J Interven Cardiol 2016;29:216–224)
The AART of Ethnography: A Critical Realist Explanatory Research Model
Authors: Decoteau Claire Laurier 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCritical realism is a philosophy of science, which has made significant contributions to epistemic debates within sociology. And yet, its contributions to ethnographic explanation have yet to be fully elaborated. Drawing on ethnographic data on the health‐seeking behavior of HIV‐infected South Africans, the paper compares and contrasts critical realism with grounded theory, extended case method and the pragmatist method of abduction. In so doing, it argues that critical realism makes a significant contribution to causal explanation in ethnographic research in three ways: 1) by linking structure to agency; 2) by accounting for the contingent, conjunctural nature of causality; and 3) by using surprising empirical findings to generate new theory. The paper develops the AART (abduction, abstraction, retroduction, testing) research schema and illustrates its strengths by employing a Bourdieusian field analysis as a model for morphogenetic explanation.
Charles Gleyre's ‘Les Romains’: Classics and nationalism in Swiss art
Authors: Warren Richard 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis article looks at an example of how classical antiquity was used by a nineteenth‐century Swiss painter and explores the national dimension of one of his works. Through an examination of the painting, Les Romains passant sous le joug, its Swiss artist Charles Gleyre and his commission from the canton of Vaud, it will elaborate an example of how a classical legend was transformed in an artistic representation of the nation.
Translation of phenotypic diversity of Sorghum bicolor axillary branched mutant into exploitable heterosis
Authors: Immadi Shobha , Maralappanavar Manjula S. , Patil Shreekant S. , Sajjanar Gowramma M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractLack of variability in sorghum is the main reason for the stagnation in crop improvement including low heterosis. Studies on somaclonal mutations of sorghum have led to the development of a diverse axillary branched grain sorghum mutant, SbABM of postrainy season variety A‐1 (Annigeri‐1) which bears multiple panicles. Considering its developmental significance and phenotypic diversity, this mutant was subjected to detailed genetic analysis. To exploit its genetic potentiality, the mutant was involved in a full diallel study along with ruling varieties to assess the combining ability and to quantify the magnitude of heterosis. SbABM performed exceptionally well in hybrid combinations for all the traits. Mean squares due to genotypes were highly significant for all the traits. The results on general combining ability revealed that SbABM was significantly better general combiner for all the traits studied. Majority of the hybrids involving SbABM as parental line exhibited high degree of heterosis for most of the traits, finally contributing to overall plant's vigour. However, SbABM did not restore fertility on both milo and maldandi cytoplasm.
A Robust Digital Watermarking Algorithm for Copyright Protection of Aerial Photogrammetric Images
Authors: Hsu Pai‐Hui , Chen Chih‐Cheng 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCurrent research on digital watermarking for the copyright protection of digital multimedia data has led to fairly advanced techniques with fruitful results. However, there remains a lack of research on digital watermarking for geospatial data, which is very costly to produce but is of great importance and with wide application. In this study an analysis and discussion of digital watermarking is carried out for digital aerial photogrammetric images. Focusing on the requirements for the main applications of such images, a feature‐based digital watermarking algorithm is proposed. Testing and analysis of the robustness of the watermark is performed to achieve the goal of copyright protection, even after image processing and geometric transformation have been undertaken on the watermarked image. Furthermore, the image quality is (almost) preserved to avoid detrimental effects on subsequent applications. The experimental results prove that the proposed watermarking method has a certain degree of robustness and can resist most types of image‐processing and geometric attacks, while maintaining the data quality of the aerial images.