bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis by Primary Care Pediatricians
Authors: Fierro Julie L. , Prasad Priya A. , Localio A. Russell , Grundmeier Robert W. , Wasserman Richard C. , Zaoutis Theoklis E. , Gerber Jeffrey S. 
Published: August 2016

Objective.To compare practice patterns regarding the diagnosis and management of streptococcal pharyngitis across pediatric primary care practices.Design.Retrospective cohort study.Setting.All encounters to 25 pediatric primary care practices sharing an electronic health record.Methods.Streptococcal pharyngitis was defined by anInternational Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revisioncode for acute pharyngitis, positive laboratory test, antibiotic prescription, and absence of an alternative bacterial infection. Logistic regression models standardizing for patient-level characteristics were used to compare diagnosis, testing, and broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment for children with pharyngitis across practices. Fixed-effects models and likelihood ratio tests were conducted to analyze within-practice variation.Results.Of 399,793 acute encounters in 1 calendar year, there were 52,658 diagnoses of acute pharyngitis, including 12,445 diagnoses of streptococcal pharyngitis. After excluding encounters by patients with chronic conditions and standardizing for age, sex, insurance type, and race, there was significant variability across and within practices in the diagnosis and testing for streptococcal pharyngitis. Excluding patients with antibiotic allergies or prior antibiotic use, off-guideline antibiotic prescribing for confirmed group A streptococcal pharyngitis ranged from 1% to 33% across practices (P< .001). At the clinician level, 13 of 25 sites demonstrated significant within-practice variability in off-guideline antibiotic prescribing (P≤ .05). Only 18 of the 222 clinicians in the network accounted for half of all off-guideline antibiotic prescribing.Conclusions.Significant variability in the diagnosis and treatment of pharyngitis exists across and within pediatric practices, which cannot be explained by relevant clinical or demographic factors. Our data support clinician-targeted interventions to improve adherence to prescribing guidelines for this common condition.
Smart State is also Creative State
Authors: Cunningham Stuart , Hearn Greg , Jones Jeff 
Published: August 2016

This paper analyses and critiques the Queensland Government's Research and Development (R&D) strategy that undergirds the smart state policy agenda. We argue that this strategy poorly addresses: R&D opportunities deriving from the applied social and creative disciplines; and the role of the social and creative disciplines in the development and commercialisation process for all research. Furthermore, we suggest this derives from a view of ‘smart’ which is biased towards science and technology.
Queensland can no longer afford to understand the social and creative disciplines as commercially irrelevant, ‘civilising’ disciplines. Instead they must be recognised as the vanguard of economic growth. In particular, the proposed R&D strategy does nothing to position Queensland for the emerging wave of innovation needed to meet demand for content creation in entertainment, education, government, and health information, in order to exploit universal networked broadband architectures currently in development.
Not only is research in the applied social and creative disciplines required for its own commercial potential, but also because such research must be hybridised with science and technology research to realise the commercial potential of the latter. Commercialisation depends on ‘whole product value propositions’ not just basic research. We suggest that there needs to be mechanisms whereby research in the social and creative disciplines can be meaningfully hybridised with basic research in technology to create new commercial opportunities for Queensland. To this end we describe two examples of research driven commercialisation outside science/technology, namely interaction design and broadcasting.
Consuming Community
Authors: Grace Felicity 
Published: August 2016

Several things have inspired me to interview the editors of two of Queensland's free gay and lesbian newspapers, Queensland Pride and QNews. First, both newspapers are in transition in 2004. QNews has appointed Australia's first female editor of a broad-spectrum gay community paper. QNews also seemed to be significantly altering the content of its fortnightly publication. At the same time, in an unrelated move, Queensland Pride has shifted from a fortnightly newspaper to a monthly magazine format and included a lesbian-specific section, the L-Pages.
Hitting Home
Authors: Cain Lara 
Published: August 2016

Brisbane author Nick Earls holds a position of exceptional significance for a writer in his home town. After some 10 years in the literary limelight, Earls was chosen as the face of the city in a television and print media campaign for Brisbane tourism (the ‘It's happening’ campaign), suggesting that he and his work would be widely recognised, and his opinions respected — key reasons for choosing a celebrity to promote any product. Earls represents a new type of public role for writers, who often must cross boundaries of intellectual respectability and popular cultural or ‘celebrity’ appeal to succeed in the current media climate. Leading up to the Brisbane promotional campaign, Earls had a long association with the local press, which enabled him to work simultaneously as a serious author, comedian, boy-next-door and social commentator. His decision, in his early published novels, to make maximal, unapologetic use of Brisbane as a setting earned him the title of ‘Brisbane's favourite son’ (MacColl 1998). At times he has used this title to his advantage; at other times the press has made him work in an ambassadorial role for Brisbane even as the themes and scenes of his writing were changing. Earls has also had considerable international success, particularly with his first novel for adults, Zigzag Street. Using theories about the production of celebrities and close analysis of Earls' press coverage, this article examines the author as a text, looking at the interaction between Earls, his novels and the broader condition of the contemporary publishing and media industries for clues as to how Earls, over other Brisbane writers, found himself with the keys to the city.
The History of Women's Suffrage in Queensland
Authors: Stewart Jean 
Published: August 2016

In 2004, as the centenary of women achieving the right to vote in Queensland elections drew near, plans were made to hold a conference: ‘A Celebration of the Centenary of Women's Suffrage in Queensland and the Achievements of Queensland Women in Parliament’. The conference was about Queensland women in Parliament, a joint endeavour of Professor Kay Saunders of the University of Queensland and the Royal Historical Society of Queensland. The conference was held on Saturday, 5 February 2005 in the Red Chamber (the former Legislative Council Chamber) of Parliament House. Speakers were assembled to present a history of the attainment of women's suffrage in Queensland and to recognise the achievements since 1905 of Queensland women as politicians in both the state and federal spheres. The majority of those papers appear in this issue of Queensland Review.
Todd Barr and Rodney Sullivan, 'Words to Walk By: Exploring Literary Brisbane', Brisbane: University of Queensland Press, 2006 - Carole Ferrier and Deborah Jordan, 'Women's Struggle for the Vote in Queensland', University of Queensland Press, 2005
Authors: Buckridge Patrick 
Published: August 2016

Todd Barr and Rodney Sullivan, Words to Walk By: Exploring Literary Brisbane, Brisbane: University of Queensland Press, 2006, ISBN 0 7022 3517 2, 225pp., $19.95.
Carole Ferrier and Deborah Jordan, Women's Struggle for the Vote in Queensland: A Walking Tour of Central Brisbane Women's Suffrage Sites, Centre for Women, Gender, Culture and Social Change, University of Queensland, 2005
Comparative reproductive performance evaluation of Holstein Friesian cattle breeds in two different agro ecological conditions, Oromia region, Ethiopia
Authors: Worku Destaw , Alemayehu Kefyalew , H/Melekote Mussie 
Published: August 2016

SummaryComparative study was conducted at Alage and Ardaita Agricultural Technical and Vocational Education Training College dairy farm to evaluate the reproductive performance of Holstein Friesian (HF) and associated factors in the two farms. The data collected from 2000 to 2015 on reproductive traits (n= 1688) were analyzed using general linear model procedures of SAS version 9.2 (SAS, 2008). The result revealed that an overall least square means and standard errors for Age at first Service (AFS), Age at first calving (AFC), Calving interval (CI), Days open (DO) and Number of services per conception were 29.70 ± 0.49 months, 39.75 ± 0.53 months, 465.76 ± 7.22 days, 188.11 ± 7.22 days and 1.31 ± 0.04, respectively. AFC was significantly influenced by agro ecology (P&lt; 0.001) and year of birth (P&lt; 0.01). Besides this, agro ecology (P&lt; 0.001) and year of birth (P&lt; 0.05) was significantly influenced by AFC. Year of calving and parity had significant effect (P&lt; 0.001) on CI and DO. Except CI, agro ecology had significant effect on all traits. Service per conception was significantly influenced by agro ecology (P&lt; 0.05) and year of calving (P&lt; 0.01). Season of birth and season of calving was not significant on all reproductive traits. Except SPC, the result obtained for AFS, AFC, CI and DO were below the standard expected from commercial dairy farm. Poor efficiency of estrus detection and expression were the most probable management factors accounted for longer period of AFS, AFC, CI and DO. Improving the level of nutrition as well as efficiency of estrus detection system is required for optimal reproduction performance of HF breed in the area.
Notch signalling mediates reproductive constraint in the adult worker honeybee
Authors: Duncan Elizabeth J. , Hyink Otto , Dearden Peter K. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe hallmark of eusociality is the reproductive division of labour, in which one female caste reproduces, while reproduction is constrained in the subordinate caste. In adult worker honeybees (Apis mellifera) reproductive constraint is conditional: in the absence of the queen and brood, adult worker honeybees activate their ovaries and lay haploid male eggs. Here, we demonstrate that chemical inhibition of Notch signalling can overcome the repressive effect of queen pheromone and promote ovary activity in adult worker honeybees. We show that Notch signalling acts on the earliest stages of oogenesis and that the removal of the queen corresponds with a loss of Notch protein in the germarium. We conclude that the ancient and pleiotropic Notch signalling pathway has been co-opted into constraining reproduction in worker honeybees and we provide the first molecular mechanism directly linking ovary activity in adult worker bees with the presence of the queen.
A novel approach to study the structure-property relationships and applications in living systems of modular Cu2+ fluorescent probes
Authors: She Mengyao , Yang Zheng , Hao Likai , Wang Zhaohui , Luo Tianyou , Obst Martin , Liu Ping , Shen Yehua , Zhang Shengyong , Li Jianli 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA series of Cu2+ probe which contains 9 probes have been synthesized and established. All the probes were synthesized using Rhodamine B as the fluorophore, conjugated to various differently substituted cinnamyl aldehyde with C=N Schiff base structural motif as their core moiety. The structure-property relationships of these probes have been investigated. The change of optical properties, caused by different electronic effect and steric effect of the recognition group, has been analyzed systematically. DFT calculation simulation of the Ring-Close and Ring-Open form of all the probes have been employed to illuminate, summarize and confirm these correlations between optical properties and molecular structures. In addition, biological experiment demonstrated that all the probes have a high potential for both sensitive and selective detection, mapping of adsorbed Cu2+ both in vivo and environmental microbial systems. This approach provides a significant strategy for studying structure-property relationships and guiding the synthesis of probes with various optical properties.
Angelman syndrome-derived neurons display late onset of paternal UBE3A silencing
Authors: Stanurova Jana , Neureiter Anika , Hiber Michaela , de Oliveira Kessler Hannah , Stolp Kristin , Goetzke Roman , Klein Diana , Bankfalvi Agnes , Klump Hannes , Steenpass Laura 
Published: August 2016

AbstractGenomic imprinting is an epigenetic phenomenon resulting in parent-of-origin-specific gene expression that is regulated by a differentially methylated region. Gene mutations or failures in the imprinting process lead to the development of imprinting disorders, such as Angelman syndrome. The symptoms of Angelman syndrome are caused by the absence of functional UBE3A protein in neurons of the brain. To create a human neuronal model for Angelman syndrome, we reprogrammed dermal fibroblasts of a patient carrying a defined three-base pair deletion in UBE3A into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In these iPSCs, both parental alleles are present, distinguishable by the mutation and express UBE3A. Detailed characterization of these iPSCs demonstrated their pluripotency and exceptional stability of the differentially methylated region regulating imprinted UBE3A expression. We observed strong induction of SNHG14 and silencing of paternal UBE3A expression only late during neuronal differentiation, in vitro. This new Angelman syndrome iPSC line allows to study imprinted gene regulation on both parental alleles and to dissect molecular pathways affected by the absence of UBE3A protein.
The Thyroid Hormone Receptors Inhibit Hepatic Interleukin-6 Signaling During Endotoxemia
Authors: Contreras-Jurado Constanza , Alonso-Merino Elvira , Saiz-Ladera Cristina , Valiño Arturo José , Regadera Javier , Alemany Susana , Aranda Ana 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDecreased thyroidal hormone production is found during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxic shock in animals as well as in critically ill patients. Here we studied the role of the thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) in activation of STAT3, NF-κB and ERK, which play a key role in the response to inflammatory cytokines during sepsis. TR knockout mice showed down-regulation of hepatic inflammatory mediators, including interleukin 6 (IL-6) in response to LPS. Paradoxically, STAT3 and ERK activity were higher, suggesting that TRs could act as endogenous repressors of these pathways. Furthermore, hyperthyroidism increased cytokine production and mortality in response to LPS, despite decreasing hepatic STAT3 and ERK activity. This suggested that TRs could directly repress the response of the cells to inflammatory mediators. Indeed, we found that the thyroid hormone T3 suppresses IL-6 signalling in macrophages and hepatocarcinoma cells, inhibiting STAT3 activation. Consequently, the hormone strongly antagonizes IL-6-stimulated gene transcription, reducing STAT3 recruitment and histone acetylation at IL-6 target promoters. In conclusion, TRs are potent regulators of inflammatory responses and immune homeostasis during sepsis. Reduced responses to IL-6 should serve as a negative feedback mechanism for preventing deleterious effects of excessive hormone signaling during infections.
The regulation roles ofmiR-125b,miR-221andmiR-27bin porcine Salmonella infection signalling pathway
Authors: Yao Min , Gao Weihua , Yang Jun , Liang Xiongyan , Luo Jingbo , Huang Tinghua 
Published: July 2016

miRNAs are non-coding RNA molecules typically 18–22 nucleotides long that can suppress the expression of their target genes. Several laboratories have attempted to identify miRNAs from the pig that are involved in Salmonella infection. These bioinformatics strategies using the newly available genomic sequence are generally successful. Here, we report an in silico identification of miRNAs in pig focusing on the Salmonella infection pathway, and further investigated the differential expression of those miRNAs by quantitative real-time PCR during pre- and post-natal stage of Salmonella inoculation from the peripheral blood of commercially breed pigs. We identified 29 miRNAs that have predicted targets in the Salmonella infection pathway and nine of them were not yet described in pig. In addition, the expression of nine selected miRNAs was validated in the peripheral blood by northern blotting. Through expression analyses, differences were found between pre- and post-natal stages of Salmonella inoculation for miR-221, miR-125b and miR-27b—all of them were suppressed 2 days after Salmonella inoculation. The predicted targets of those three miRNAs were validated by luciferase reporter assays. We show that FOS is a direct target of miR-221, miR-125b can suppress MAPK14, and miR-27b can target IFNG. These findings will be helpful in understanding the function and processing of these miRNAs in Salmonella infection. The miRNA differentially expressed in the peripheral blood of commercial breed pigs suggest that it can be used as genetic markers for salmonella infection resistance in pigs.
Wavy membranes and the growth rate of a planar chemical garden: Enhanced diffusion and bioenergetics
Authors: Ding Yang , Batista Bruno , Steinbock Oliver , Cartwright Julyan H. E. , Cardoso Silvana S. S. 
Published: August 2016

Significance
In hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor, precipitation membranes grow at the boundary between seawater and mineral-rich liquid flowing out of the vent. Such membranes are increasingly viewed as having played a vital role in the emergence of life on Earth, but their bioenergetics is unclear. Here, we present a laboratory and theoretical study that quantifies ionic transport across an analog membrane. We demonstrate that flow over a growing, wavy-membrane topography enhances diffusive transport across its surface. This enhanced diffusion helps to explain the “leakiness” present in early protocells from chemical gardens. More generally, the work is of interest in fluid-flow control via surface topography, and the opposite: predesigned flow perturbations to shape membrane formation, in biology, chemistry, and physics.
A putative adenosine kinase family protein possesses adenosine diphosphatase activity
Authors: Tomoike Fumiaki , Tsunetou Akiko , Kim Kwang , Nakagawa Noriko , Kuramitsu Seiki , Masui Ryoji 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Adenosine kinase is a potential target for development of new types of drugs. The COG1839 family has been defined as “adenosine-specific kinase” family based on structural analysis and the adenosine-binding ability of a family member, PAE2307. However, there has been no experimental evidence with regard to the enzymatic function of this protein family. Here we measured the enzymatic activity of TTHA1091, a COG1839 family protein from Thermus thermophilus HB8. The phosphorylation of adenosine by TTHA1091 was undetectable when ATP or ADP were used as phosphate donor. However, the degradation of ADP to AMP was detected, indicating that this protein possessed adenosine diphosphatase (ADPase) activity. The (ADPase) activity was inhibited by divalent cations and was specific to ADP and CDP. Thus, this study provides the first experimental evidence for the enzymatic function of the “adenosine-specific kinase” family and suggests a need to reexamine its functional annotation.
Modeling and testing maternal and newborn care mHealth interventions: a pilot impact evaluation and follow-up qualitative study in Guatemala
Authors: Prieto José Tomás , Zuleta Clara , Rodríguez Jorge Tulio 
Published: July 2016

Objective: To develop a descriptive model of structural characteristics of mHealth in the context of newborn nutrition, and to assess the effects of illustrative interventions through a mixed-methods study consisting of an impact evaluation and a qualitative assessment.
Materials and Methods: We conducted a 23-week intervention with 100 mothers in rural Guatemala in 2013 and 2014. In group 1 (n = 24), participants received health-promoting text messages. In group 2 (n = 32), peer-to-peer groups were formed. In group 3 (n = 30), peer-to-peer groups were formed, a health professional participated in the discussions, and participants received health-promoting messages. In the control group (n = 14), participants were simply given a mobile phone. We measured changes in knowledge and self-reported behavior. Four focus groups in 2015 showed the perceptions of 44 additional women and the potential of the previously tested interventions in other marginalized areas.
Results: Significant relationships were found between group membership and changes in knowledge (P &lt; .001), and between changes in knowledge and self-reported behavior (P = .010). Within peer-to-peer groups, 3665 text messages were shared; discussions covered topics such as breastfeeding practices, health concerns, and emotional issues. Focus groups revealed a deficit of support for mothers, a precariousness of public services, different cultural barriers affecting access to care, and the potential for scaling up.
Discussion: The complementarity of structural arrangements of mHealth interventions can play an important role in helping to encourage recommended breastfeeding attitudes along with providing rich information about challenges in rural areas.
Conclusion: A mixed-methods study was appropriate to compare the effects and assess the potential of mHealth strategies in a complex rural setting.
Successful Treatment of Disseminated Anncaliia algerae Microsporidial Infection With Combination Fumagillin and Albendazole
Authors: Boileau Mélissa , Ferreira José , Ahmad Imran , Lavallée Christian , Qvarnstrom Yvonne , Dufresne Simon F. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Anncaliia algerae myositis is a life-threatening, emerging microsporidiosis among immunocompromised hosts. We report a case of disseminated A algerae infection in a man previously treated with alemtuzumab. Due to failure of albendazole-based therapy, fumagillin was added as a novel approach to management, with a good clinical response and patient survival.
Optimizing for generalization in the decoding of internally generated activity in the hippocampus
Authors: van der Meer Matthijs A.A. , Carey Alyssa A. , Tanaka Youki 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe decoding of a sensory or motor variable from neural activity benefits from a known ground truth against which decoding performance can be compared. In contrast, the decoding of covert, cognitive neural activity, such as occurs in memory recall or planning, typically cannot be compared to a known ground truth. As a result, it is unclear how decoders of such internally generated activity should be configured in practice. We suggest that if the true code for covert activity is unknown, decoders should be optimized for generalization performance using cross-validation. Using ensemble recording data from hippocampal place cells, we show that this cross-validation approach results in different decoding error, different optimal decoding parameters, and different distributions of error across the decoded variable space. In addition, we show that a minor modification to the commonly used Bayesian decoding procedure, which enables the use of spike density functions, results in substantially lower decoding errors. These results have implications for the interpretation of covert neural activity, and suggest easy-to-implement changes to commonly used procedures across domains, with applications to hippocampal place cells in particular.