bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Epitope–Specific CD4+ T Cells Are Inflated in HIV+ CMV+ Subjects
Authors: Abana Chike O. , Pilkinton Mark A. , Gaudieri Silvana , Chopra Abha , McDonnell Wyatt J. , Wanjalla Celestine , Barnett Louise , Gangula Rama , Hager Cindy , Jung Dae K. , Engelhardt Brian G. , Jagasia Madan H. , Klenerman Paul , Phillips Elizabeth J. , Koelle David M. , Kalams Spyros A. , Mallal Simon A. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Select CMV epitopes drive life-long CD8+ T cell memory inflation, but the extent of CD4 memory inflation is poorly studied. CD4+ T cells specific for human CMV (HCMV) are elevated in HIV+ HCMV+ subjects. To determine whether HCMV epitope–specific CD4+ T cell memory inflation occurs during HIV infection, we used HLA-DR7 (DRB1*07:01) tetramers loaded with the glycoprotein B DYSNTHSTRYV (DYS) epitope to characterize circulating CD4+ T cells in coinfected HLA-DR7+ long-term nonprogressor HIV subjects with undetectable HCMV plasma viremia. DYS-specific CD4+ T cells were inflated among these HIV+ subjects compared with those from an HIV− HCMV+ HLA-DR7+ cohort or with HLA-DR7–restricted CD4+ T cells from the HIV-coinfected cohort that were specific for epitopes of HCMV phosphoprotein-65, tetanus toxoid precursor, EBV nuclear Ag 2, or HIV gag protein. Inflated DYS-specific CD4+ T cells consisted of effector memory or effector memory–RA+ subsets with restricted TCRβ usage and nearly monoclonal CDR3 containing novel conserved amino acids. Expression of this near-monoclonal TCR in a Jurkat cell–transfection system validated fine DYS specificity. Inflated cells were polyfunctional, not senescent, and displayed high ex vivo levels of granzyme B, CX3CR1, CD38, or HLA-DR but less often coexpressed CD38+ and HLA-DR+. The inflation mechanism did not involve apoptosis suppression, increased proliferation, or HIV gag cross-reactivity. Instead, the findings suggest that intermittent or chronic expression of epitopes, such as DYS, drive inflation of activated CD4+ T cells that home to endothelial cells and have the potential to mediate cytotoxicity and vascular disease.
Thin Thermally Efficient ICECool Defense Semiconductor Power Amplifiers
Authors: Khanna Sumeer , McCluskey Patrick , Bar-Cohen Avram , Yang Bao , Ohadi Michael 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Traditional power electronics for military and fast computing applications are bulky and heavy. The “mechanical design” of electronic structure and “materials” of construction of the components have limitations in performance under very high temperature conditions. The major concern here is “thermal management.” To be more specific, this refers to removal of high-concentration hotspot heat flux &gt;5 kW/cm2, background heat flux &gt;1 kW/cm2, and “miniaturization” of device within a substrate thickness of &lt;100 μm. We report on the novel applications of contact-based thermoelectric cooling (TEC) to successful implementations of high-conductivity materials - diamond substrate grown on gallium nitride (GaN)/AlGaN transistors to keep the hotspot temperature rise of device below 5 K. The requirement for smarter and faster functionality along with a compact design is considered here. These efforts have focused on the removal of higher levels of heat flux, heat transfer across interface of junction and substrate, advanced packaging and manufacturing concepts, and integration of TEC of GaN devices to nanoscale. The “structural reliability” is a concern and we have reported the same in terms of mean time to failure (cycles) of SAC305 (96.5% tin, 3% silver, 0.5% cu) solder joint by application of Engelmaier's failure model and evaluation of stresses in the structure. The mathematical equation of failure model incorporates the failure phenomena of fatigue and creep in addition to the dwell time, average solder temperature, and plastic strain accumulation. The approach to this problem is a nonlinear finite element analysis technique, which incorporates thermal, mechanical, and thermoelectric boundary conditions.
Combining Fine Line Photoimageable with Multi-Step Thick Film for Improved Circuit Density
Authors: Tacken Roland , Mitcan Daniel , Nab Jasper 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
There is a strong market need for further miniaturization of microelectronic ceramic-based products; electronic components require an increasingly finer pitch interconnect. Screen-printing resolution is a limiting factor in further miniaturization of classical thick film. Photo imageable thick film technology (PITF) was proposed decades ago as a successor technology to thick film, to achieve finer pitch patterns. However, where classical multilayer thick film provides good routing and interconnect capabilities, but insufficient fine line resolution, PITF does the reverse: no multilayer routing but advanced fine line performance. A combination of PITF for fine pitch mounting with advanced MLTF for efficient routing has been developed, targeting a linewidth of 50 μm line/spaces and below. Test and demo panels were made, using combinations of PITF pastes and conventional screen-print materials. Results, process performance, and limiting factors are discussed.
Honderd Jaar Hervormde Teologie
Authors: Dreyer Wim A. 
Published: October 2017

The Faculty of Theology of the University of Pretoria is celebrating its centenary during 2017. Since its inception in 1917, the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika (by agreement) appointed lecturers in the Faculty and more than a thousand ministers of the Hervormde Kerk received their theological education at the University of Pretoria. As such, the centenary of the Faculty is also a celebration of hundred years of ‘Hervormde theology’. This contribution reflects on two publications (by M.J. Goddefroy and P.J .Muller, respectively) which appeared in 1890 and 1908, firstly to give an overview of the prehistory of the establishment of the Faculty of Theology and secondly to illustrate the diverse origins and nature of Hervormde theology as reflected in the publications of Goddefroy and Muller.
Refugees in Europe, 1919–1959
Authors: Frank Matthew , Reinisch Jessica 
Published: October 2017

Refugees in Europe, 1919-1959 offers a new history of Europe’s mid-20th century as seen through its recurrent refugee crises. By bringing together in one volume recent research on a range of different contexts of groups of refugees and refugee policy, it sheds light on the common assumptions that underpinned the history of refugees throughout the period under review.
The essays foreground the period between the end of the First World War, which inaugurated a series of new international structures to deal with displaced populations, and the late 1950s, when Europe's home-grown refugee problems had supposedly been ‘solved’ and attention shifted from the identification of an exclusively European refugee problem to a global one. Borrowing from E. H. Carr’s The Twenty Years’ Crisis, first published in 1939, the editors of the volume test the idea that the two post-war eras could be represented as a single crisis of a European-dominated international order of nation states in the face of successive refugee crises which were both the direct consequence of that system and a challenge to it.
Each of the chapters reflects on the utility and limitations of this notion of a ‘forty years’ crisis’ for understanding the development of specific national and international responses to refugees in the mid-20th century. Contributors to the volume also provide alternative readings of the history of an international refugee regime, in which the non-European and colonial world are assigned a central role in the narrative.
Dressing Symkyn's Wife: Chaucer's Reeve's Tale and Bad Taste
Authors: Bertolet Craig E. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Chaucer's Reeve describes the entrance of the miller Symkyn and his wife into church on a holy day as a “sighte.” Why is Symkyn's wife in a red dress, and why does the Reeve consider it a spectacle? To answer these questions, this article examines Chaucer's use of the term sighte in the Canterbury Tales, the nature of fashion codes during the later Middle Ages, and what the choice of wearing a red dress says about an individual in a late medieval English village. Using Pierre Bourdieu's notion of distinction or taste, this article shows that the Reeve's description of Symkyn's wife in a red dress is one of the earliest renditions of tastelessness in English-language literature.
ANÁLISE DO BANCO DE SEMENTES VISANDO ESTRATÉGIA DE TRANSPOSIÇÃO PARA A RESTAURAÇÃO ECOLÓGICA NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Piaia Bruna Balestrin , Rovedder Ana Paula Moreira , Stefanello Maureen De Moraes , Felker Roselene Marostega , Piazza Eliara Marin 
Published: October 2017

A análise preliminar do banco de sementes pode auxiliar no planejamento e execução da estratégia de transposição e, assim, potencializar o sucesso da restauração ecológica. Objetivou-se avaliar a composição florística do banco de sementes em três fragmentos da Floresta Estacional na região central do Rio Grande do Sul. Os tratamentos foram: centro de fragmento florestal com formato retangular em estágio sucessional inicial a intermediário (FI), centro (FII-C) e borda (FII-B) de fragmento com formato circular em estágio sucessional inicial a intermediário e voçoroca estabilizada em sucessão inicial e formato alongado (FIII). Foram coletadas amostras até a profundidade de 5 cm com gabarito de 0,25 x 0,25 m, sendo oito repetições por tratamento. As plântulas emergentes foram contadas e identificadas. Os locais foram comparados quanto ao número de sementes germinadas, riqueza de espécies, forma de vida e origem pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis. Foi observado um total de 473 indivíduos, de 30 espécies e 13 famílias. A maior riqueza foi encontrada em FII-B (17 espécies). FIII apresentou o maior número de sementes germinadas (576 ind./m2), maior germinação de poáceas e maior densidade de exóticas invasoras. FI e FII-B apresentaram maior diversidade e baixo número de espécies exóticas invasoras. Conclui-se que a análise preliminar foi eficiente para identificar áreas favoráveis à doação para transposição do solo, os remanescentes de floresta estacional em estágio sucessional intermediário (FI e FII-B) podem ser indicados como doadores do banco de sementes, por apresentarem maior diversidade e baixo número de espécies exóticas invasoras.
CAPIVARA (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris, LINNAEUS 1766) NA PAISAGEM URBANA DE CURITIBA-PR
Authors: Tonetti Ariádina Maria , Biondi Daniela , Moura Leite Julio Cesar 
Published: October 2017

Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris encontrou nas cidades brasileiras ambientes que dão suporte a sua sobrevivência. Isso se deve, entre outros fatores, a capacidade adaptativa e características biológicas desse grande roedor nativo. Como Curitiba é uma dessas cidades, objetivou-se investigar as características das paisagens das áreas verdes públicas com potencial de hábitat para a espécie. Sendo assim, foi realizado o estudo da paisagem e das populações de capivara em nove bosques e 22 parques públicos. A coleta dos dados paisagísticos ocorreu a partir de imagem de satélite e de dados vetoriais processados no Arcgis 10, considerando os componentes paisagísticos do interior da área (água, floresta, gramado, infraestrutura e rua) e do entorno (água, vegetação e área impermeável). Quanto à espécie animal, foram coletadas informações de ocorrência, abundância e composição de grupo, a partir de censos totais realizados entre agosto de 2013 e junho de 2015. A presença da capivara foi relacionada aos componentes da paisagem por meio da aplicação dos testes U de Mann-Whitney, Qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher. Os resultados indicaram que as capivaras estão presentes nas maiores áreas verdes, onde há quantidades maiores de recurso (água: 26,5%, gramado: 23,3% e floresta: 33,5%), presença de ilha e rio e entornos com maiores áreas de vegetação e água. Indicou também, diferenças na forma como a espécie utiliza essas áreas, alguns parques são hábitats permanentes e outros são temporários. Os parques de uso permanente são maiores e apresentam maior quantidade de água (área média: 797.000 m2; água: 38,5%) que os de uso temporário (área média: 152.000 m2; água: 14,6%).
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE ÁREAS QUEIMADAS NO ESTADO DO TOCANTINS NO ANO DE 2014
Authors: De Carvalho Edmar Vinícius , Batista Antônio Carlos , Coelho Maria Cristina Bueno , Neves Cínthia Ohana Marques , Dos Santos Gil Rodrigues , Giongo Marcos 
Published: October 2017

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi caracterizar áreas queimadas no Tocantins, no ano de 2014, por meio de análise exploratória e de componentes principais, com uso de imagens de satélite dos meses de julho a outubro. Foram utilizadas bandas captadas por sensores do satélite Landsat-8: infravermelho médio (1,57–1,65 µm), infravermelho próximo (0,85–0,88 µm) e vermelho (0,64–0,67 µm), na composição RGB, com resolução espacial de 30 m. Foi realizado o processamento e interpretação visual das imagens para vetorização das áreas queimadas, que foi cruzada com bases de dados (precipitação média anual, pedologia, temperatura média anual, bacia hidrográfica, declividade, áreas protegidas, uso da terra e limites municipais), disponibilizadas pela Secretaria de Planejamento e Orçamento do Tocantins, e dados territoriais e socioeconômicos dos municípios tocantinenses. Estes últimos foram utilizados na análise de Componentes Principais (CP) que extraiu cinco CP que explicam 81,74% da variância dos dados. Esta análise indicou que a área queimada apresentou maior relação positiva com a área do município, quantidade de focos de calor, área de pastagens naturais e florestas. Pelas análises espaciais, nos locais de maior ocorrência de queimadas (regiões do Jalapão e da Ilha do Bananal), bem como no estado todo, a ocorrência de queimadas não pôde ser considerada aleatória. Foi possível concluir que além das condições ambientais intrínsecas do Cerrado, municípios com maiores áreas queimadas estiveram associados com maior Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) da agropecuária e menor PIB de serviços e indústria e menor número de habitantes.
AVALIAÇÃO DA TRANSPOSIÇÃO DE SERAPILHEIRA E DO BANCO DE SEMENTES DO SOLO EM UMA ÁREA DEGRADADA NO PLANALTO CATARINENSE
Authors: Martins Daiany Augusta Paes , Lanzarini Ana Carla , Heinz Carine Farias , Vieira Francielle Santos , Bonatto Rafael Angelo , Kanieski Maria Raquel 
Published: October 2017

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a composição florística da transposição de serapilheira e do banco de sementes do solo de um fragmento florestal no município de Otacílio Costa, SC, com a finalidade de avaliar a viabilidade desse material para estimular a restauração florestal em áreas degradadas. Foram alocadas 22 parcelas de 3 m x 3 m em um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Mista e coletadas amostras da serapilheira e banco de sementes do solo a 5 cm de profundidade. Cada amostra foi homogeneizada e disposta em 22 parcelas de 1 m x 1 m em uma área degradada. As plântulas que emergiram com altura acima de 10 cm foram identificadas, contadas e plaqueteadas no momento de cada avaliação. A estrutura horizontal da comunidade foi avaliada por meio da densidade e frequência e a diversidade foi avaliada pelo índice de Shannon-Wiener (H’) e equabilidade de Pielou (J). Foram identificadas 1527 plântulas, pertencentes a 59 espécies. As espécies que apresentaram maior densidade e frequência foram Mimosa scabrella e Mitracarpus hirtus. O índice de diversidade de Shannon-Wiener foi de 3,10 e o índice de equabilidade foi de 0,76. A transposição da serapilheira e do banco de sementes possibilitou a entrada de novas espécies na área, permitindo inferir que a metodologia adotada é promissora para estimular a restauração florestal em áreas degradadas.
Analytical Methods for Mycotoxin Detection in Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
Authors: Lim Chee Wei , Chung Gerald , Chan Sheot Harn 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Aflatoxins B1 (AFB1) and B2 (AFB2) and G1 and G2 remain the top mycotoxins routinely analyzed and monitored by Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) national laboratories primarily for food safety regulation in the major food commodities, nuts and spices. LC tandem fluorescence detection (LC–fluorescence) represents a current mainstream analytical method, with a progressive migration to a primary method by LC tandem MS (MS/MS) for the next half decade. Annual proficiency testing (PT) is conducted by ASEAN Food Reference Laboratories (AFRLs) for mycotoxin testing as part of capability building in national laboratories, with the scope of PT materials spanning from naturally mycotoxin-contaminated spices and nuts in the early 2010s to the recent contamination of corn flour in 2017 for total aflatoxin assay development. The merits of the mainstream LC–fluorescence method are witnessed by a significant improvement (P &lt; 0.05) in PT z-score passing rates (≤2) from 11.8 to 79.2% for AFB1, 23.5 to 83.3% for AFB2, and 23.5 to 79.2% for total aflatoxins in the last 5 years. This paper discusses the journey of ASEAN national laboratories in analytical testing through AFRLs, and the progressive collective adoption of a multimycotoxin LC-MS/MS method aided by an isotopic dilution assay as a future primary method for safer food commodities.
Perceived Importance of Pursuing Osteopathic Recognition in the Single Accreditation System: A Survey of Medical Students, Residents, and Faculty
Authors: Hortos Kari , Corser William , Church Brandy , Rohrer Jonathan , Waarala Kirsten 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Context
As graduate medical education evolves under the single accreditation system, osteopathic residency programs and consortia strive for sustainable ways to achieve and support the Osteopathic Recognition (OR) designation.

Objective
To determine whether differences existed in perceived importance of OR from 3 cohorts of osteopathic stakeholders: students, residents, and faculty.

Methods
A nonexperimental quantitative cross-sectional online survey was administered during February and March 2016 to osteopathic medical students at Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine and residents and faculty from the affiliated Statewide Campus System. After examining final working dataset patterns, a series of Kruskal-Wallis tests were conducted to identify statistically significant differences in perceived OR importance response categories across sample subgroups, including program specialty and primary vs non–primary care specialty.

Results
The final analytic sample comprised 278 osteopathic medical students, 359 residents, and 94 faculty members. Of 728 respondents, 497 (67.9%) indicated that OR was “somewhat important,” “important,” or “very important.” The overall perceived importance category patterns varied significantly across students, residents, and faculty cohort respondents (, P<.001) and program specialty (, P<.001), as well as between primary care and non–primary care residents and faculty (, P<.001).

Conclusion
Based on these initial results, OR is generally valued across osteopathic stakeholder groups, but significant differences may exist between different types of students, residents, and faculty. Pre- and postgraduate educational support structures designed to reduce barriers to OR implementation may help to sustain osteopathic principles and practice in the single accreditation system.
Puerperal Complications of a Retroplacental Uterine Leiomyoma
Authors: Gerome Jody M. , Church Tyler L. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Leiomyoma can be found concomitant with pregnancy and can cause complications during labor, delivery, and postpartum management. In the present case, a 26-year-old nulliparous patient at 39.4 weeks gestational age with a 12×9-cm retroplacental leiomyoma underwent a spontaneous vaginal delivery. Nine weeks after delivery, the patient presented with acute pain and vaginal bleeding. Immediate manual removal of the bulk of the leiomyoma tissue via vaginal approach was performed. Four weeks later, the patient returned for removal of the remaining tissue via hysteroscopic excision. This case demonstrates that a large retroplacental leiomyoma can be associated with both immediate and delayed postpartum complications, and it can be managed in a minimally invasive way.
Controls on the Cadmium‐Phosphate Relationship in the Tropical South Pacific
Authors: Roshan Saeed , Wu Jingfeng , DeVries Timothy 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe relationship between dissolved cadmium (Cd) and phosphate (PO4−3) can elucidate a biological role for Cd in the ocean and help to evaluate the usefulness of Cd as a tracer of past ocean circulation and nutrient distributions. Here we determine and analyze this relationship in the poorly studied region of the tropical South Pacific. The dissolved Cd distribution is generally similar to PO43−, but a plot of Cd versus PO43− shows a clear concavity resulting from distinct Cd:PO43− ratios in waters local to our transect and in waters formed distally in higher latitudes. To determine the factors affecting the subsurface Cd:PO43− ratio along our transect, we used an ocean circulation model and a multilinear regression model to determine the preformed and regenerated components of dissolved Cd and PO43−. We found that both the preformed and regenerated Cd:PO43− ratios are low in the shallow, locally formed water masses along the transect and significantly higher in the deeper and older water masses. Overall, the regenerated:preformed Cd:PO43− ratio in the deep waters (>1,000 m) along our transect is ~1.8:1, reflecting the basin‐wide average Cd:PO43− “fractionation factor” during biological uptake. However, we find a lower fractionation factor in local waters of 1.1 (± 0.6). We suggest that this locally lower biological fractionation factor is due to either the chemical speciation of Cd or to a lower efficiency of Cd assimilation by the picoplankton and nanoplankton species found in our study region.
A Hybrid Approach to Data Assimilation for Reconstructing the Evolution of Mantle Dynamics
Authors: Zhou Quan , Liu Lijun 
Published: October 2017

AbstractQuantifying past mantle dynamic processes represents a major challenge in understanding the temporal evolution of the solid earth. Mantle convection modeling with data assimilation is one of the most powerful tools to investigate the dynamics of plate subduction and mantle convection. Although various data assimilation methods, both forward and inverse, have been created, these methods all have limitations in their capabilities to represent the real earth. Pure forward models tend to miss important mantle structures due to the incorrect initial condition and thus may lead to incorrect mantle evolution. In contrast, pure tomography‐based models cannot effectively resolve the fine slab structure and would fail to predict important subduction‐zone dynamic processes. Here we propose a hybrid data assimilation approach that combines the unique power of the sequential and adjoint algorithms, which can properly capture the detailed evolution of the downgoing slab and the tomographically constrained mantle structures, respectively. We apply this new method to reconstructing mantle dynamics below the western U.S. while considering large lateral viscosity variations. By comparing this result with those from several existing data assimilation methods, we demonstrate that the hybrid modeling approach recovers the realistic 4‐D mantle dynamics the best.