bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuropilin‐1 regulated by miR‐320 contributes to the growth and metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma cells
Authors: Zhu Huaqiang , Jiang Xian , Zhou Xu , Dong Xuesong , Xie Kai , Yang Chuncheng , Jiang Hongchi , Sun Xueying , Lu Jun 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackground & AimsNeuropilin‐1 (NRP‐1) activates signalling pathways as multifunctional co‐receptors in cancer cells. However, its role and how it is regulated by miRNAs in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) have not yet been investigated.MethodsThe expression of NRP‐1, miR‐320 and key molecules involved in cell proliferation, migration and related signalling pathways were detected by immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting and qRT‐PCR. Stable transfectants depleted of NRP‐1 were generated. The regulatory effect of miR‐320 on NRP‐1 was evaluated by luciferase reporter assays. Cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution and migration were examined. Xenograft tumour models were established to assess tumourigenesis, tumour growth and lung metastasis.ResultsCholangiocarcinoma tissues expressed higher levels of NRP‐1 than adjacent normal biliary tissues, and its expression negatively correlated with miR‐320. NRP‐1 depletion inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest in the G1/S phase by upregulating p27, and downregulating cyclin E and cyclin‐dependent kinase 2; and reduced cell migration by inhibiting the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase. NRP‐1 depletion suppressed tumourigenesis, tumour growth and lung metastasis by inhibiting cell proliferation and tumour angiogenesis in experimental animals. Depletion of NRP‐1 inhibited the activation of VEGF/VEGFR2, EGF/EGFR and HGF/c‐Met pathways stimulated by respective ligands. MiR‐320 negatively regulated the expression of NRP‐1 by binding to the 3′‐UTR of NRP‐1 promoter, and miR‐320 mimics inhibited cell proliferation and migration, and the growth of established tumours in animals by downregulating NRP‐1.ConclusionsThe present results indicate that NRP‐1 is negatively regulated by miR‐320, and both of them may be potentially therapeutic targets for CCA.
Inventing Tradition: Webern's Piano Variations in Early Recordings
Authors: Cook Nicholas 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTWebern's Piano Variations Op. 27 were first performed two years before the outbreak of the Second World War, but it was only after the war – and in very different aesthetic and ideological circumstances – that a performance tradition developed. Through a combination of computer‐assisted close reading and contextual analysis of the first movement, this article traces the competing stylistic and ideological directions of early performances – one deriving from the pre‐war tradition of the Schoenberg circle, the other from the European avant‐garde associated with Darmstadt andDie Reihe– and the processes of negotiation through which a more or less consensus interpretation emerged around the end of the 1960s. My aims are to explore ways in which empirical approaches can be deployed for musicological purposes, to relate recorded performances to their historical contexts and to link the story of Op. 27 to the development of music‐theoretical approaches that see performance as a function of compositional structure. Key recordings on which the article is based are presented online as Sonic Visualiser session files coordinated with the text.
Impact of end‐stage renal disease in children on their parents
Authors: Baek Hee Sun , Park Ki‐Soo , Ha Il Soo , Kang Hee Gyung , Cheong Hae Il , Park Young Seo , Lee Joo Hoon , Cho Hee Yeon , Cho Min Hyun 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimThis study was designed to investigate the impact of paediatric end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) on parents, based on the PedsQL Family Impact Module (FIM), and the relationship to the quality of life (QOL) of paediatric ESRD patients measured by PedsQL 3.0 ESRD module.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional study using Korean translations of the PedsQL FIM and the PedsQL 3.0 ESRD module. In all, 79 patients were enrolled, including 47 children receiving dialysis and 32 children who underwent renal transplant.ResultsFIM scores, analyzed for every category according to treatment modality, were significantly lower in haemodialysis (HD) than in peritoneal dialysis (PD) or renal transplant patients. Mother's age, duration since diagnosis of ESRD and the existence of comorbidity were variables to have significant effects on FIM scores. The correlation between total FIM and QOL scores of paediatric patients were significant, in both parent‐proxy and child‐self report.ConclusionsThe PedsQL FIM appears to be a useful tool for the assessment of family impact on children with ESRD. Further prospective studies focused on the QOL of parents and caregivers should be performed with the goal of improving clinical outcomes for paediatric ESRD patients.
Co‐integration Rank Determination in Partial Systems Using Information Criteria
Authors: Cavaliere Giuseppe , De Angelis Luca , Fanelli Luca 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe investigate the asymptotic and finite sample properties of the most widely used information criteria for co‐integration rank determination in ‘partial’ systems, i.e. in co‐integrated vector autoregressive (VAR) models where a sub‐set of variables of interest is modelled conditional on another sub‐set of variables. The asymptotic properties of the Akaike information criterion (AIC), the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and the Hannan–Quinn information criterion (HQC) are established, and consistency of BIC and HQC is proved. Notably, the consistency of BIC and HQC is robust to violations of weak exogeneity of the conditioning variables with respect to the co‐integration parameters. More precisely, BIC and HQC recover the true co‐integration rank from the partial system analysis also when the conditional model does not convey all information about the co‐integration parameters. This result opens up interesting possibilities for practitioners who can now determine the co‐integration rank in partial systems without being concerned about the weak exogeneity of the conditioning variables. A Monte Carlo experiment based on a large dimensional data generating process shows that BIC and HQC applied in partial systems perform reasonably well in small samples and comparatively better than ‘traditional’ methods for co‐integration rank determination. We further show the usefulness of our approach and the benefits of the conditional system analysis in two empirical illustrations, both based on the estimation of VAR systems on US quarterly data. Overall, our analysis shows the gains of combining information criteria with partial system analysis.
Subpontic osseous hyperplasia: report of two cases
Authors: Kapopoulou F. , Tosios K.I. , Vasilas A. , Kalyvas D. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSubpontic osseous hyperplasia is a non‐neoplastic growth of bone under the pontics of fixed partial dentures, whose pathogenesis is unknown. It is considered a common, not well‐known and under‐diagnosed lesion. Its clinical and radiographic features are diagnostic, and its recognition will help avoid diagnostic or therapeutic procedures unnecessary to the patients. We present two cases of subpontic osseous hyperplasia and discuss its differential diagnosis and current concepts on pathogenesis and management.
Clinical recognition of pacemaker battery depletion and automatic reprogramming
Authors: Sinha Sunil K. , Chrispin Jonathan , Barth Andreas , Rickard John “Jack” , Spragg David D. , Berger Ronald , Calkins Hugh , Tomaselli Gordon , Marine Joseph E. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAll contemporary pacemakers undergo automatic reprogramming upon reaching elective replacement indication due to battery depletion. The majority of such reprogramming will result in changes to both pacing mode and pacing rate. The exact software reprogramming varies considerably among pacemaker manufacturers and may even vary among models of the same manufacturer. Accordingly, it is essential for healthcare providers managing pacemaker patients to have a detailed understanding of the automatic reprogramming seen at elective replacement indication as well as their potential physiological and clinical consequences.
Automatic Illumination‐Invariant Image‐to‐Geometry Registration in Outdoor Environments
Authors: Kehl Christian , Buckley Simon J. , Viseur Sophie , Gawthorpe Robert L. , Howell John A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractImage‐to‐geometry registration is the basis of many applications for texturing and interpreting 3D surface models. Feature‐based matching is an established, automatic approach which creates 2D–3D correspondences based on salient points and their radiometric neighbourhood. This paper presents an experimental approach for assessing the accuracy of several matching algorithms in challenging imaging environments that are subject to significant outdoor illumination variations. Furthermore, a collection of accuracy assessment metrics and quality heuristics emerge from the presented approach to guide a user during the examination of registration results. As a result of the experiments, two novel salient point descriptor matching combinations outperform the standard scale‐invariant feature transform (SIFT) operator on the task of image‐to‐image and image‐to‐geometry registration under varying illumination conditions.
The influence of lateral topographic confinement on fluvial channel‐belt clustering, compensation and connectivity – lower Wasatch Formation and Dakota Sandstone, Utah, USA
Authors: Pisel Jesse R. , Pyles David R. , Kirschbaum Mark A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFluvial channel‐belt clustering has recently been documented using quantitative metrics for systems dominated by autogenic controls. It has long been recognized that allogenic forcing (tectonic and eustatic controls) can lead to confinement of fluvial systems, resulting in clustering of channel belts. To date, no study has quantitatively documented the differences in channel‐belt clustering, compensational stacking of channel belts and interchannel‐belt connectivity in unconfined and confined systems. This study quantitatively compares world‐class outcrops of an unconfined fluvial system (Palaeocene lower Wasatch Formation) with outcrops of a confined fluvial system (Cretaceous Dakota Sandstone). Two new methods have been developed to quantitatively document channel‐belt clustering and intrachannel‐belt connectivity. These new methods, and other previously developed methods, are used to document an increase in channel‐belt clustering and intrachannel‐belt connectivity downdip in both systems. Additionally, it was found that channel belts within the unconfined system stack more compensationally than those in the confined system. These new methods and empirical relationships can be used for predicting intrachannel‐belt connectivity, and accurately modelling unconfined and confined fluvial systems in the subsurface.
Contradictory Logics in Asset‐building Discourse: Habits, Identities and Discipline
Authors: Feldman Guy 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAsset‐building as an anti‐poverty policy emphasizes helping the poor to save and accumulate wealth so as to promote future financial well‐being. This article focuses on how asset‐building discourse is practiced at the frontlines and its implications for how workers come to address issues of poverty. Drawing on qualitative data from a case study of a matched savings programme in the USA, the study finds that asset‐building discourse as enacted by workers is fundamentally contradictory: it promotes the idea that the poor can acquire financial literacy, but simultaneously works to discipline the poor to thoughtlessly save out of habit. More priority is placed on inculcating the habit of saving rather than teaching economically rational decision‐making. These findings indicate that asset‐building is consistent with a neo‐liberal outlook that focuses on disciplining the poor to be market compliant irrespective of whether their participation in market‐based activities effectively addresses the challenges of living in poverty.
Emerging Political Identities? Gun Ownership and Voting in Presidential Elections*
Authors: Joslyn Mark R. , Haider‐Markel Donald P. , Baggs Michael , Bilbo Andrew 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesThe attitudes of gun owners and nongun owners appear more polarized in the last two decades. We posit that divisions between gun owners and nongun owners reflect emerging political identities, especially among gun owners.MethodsUsing data from the General Social Survey (1972–2012) we examine if and when this gun ownership divergence began to shape the political behavior of the two groups by analyzing voting patterns in presidential elections.ResultsWe first observe that relative to conventional predictors of vote choice, gun ownership is important, reliable, and robust across election cycles. Since the 1970s, possessing a firearm increases the likelihood of voting for Republican candidates. Second, we find that the impact of gun ownership on the likelihood of voting for a Republican candidate increased across elections, reaching a level in 2012 nearly 50 percent higher than in 1972. The voting choices of gun owners and nonowners are therefore distinct and increasingly so over the past several decades.ConclusionsGiven the significant proportion of the electorate who owns guns, the prominence of guns in social and political culture, and the weight of gun lobbies in political affairs, the growing divide between gun owners and nonowners will likely continue and significantly impact electoral politics. Gun owners are developing a powerful political identity that rivals other groups' characteristics in its ability to predict voting behavior.
Field level digital mapping of soil mineralogy using proximal and remote‐sensed data
Authors: Nagra G. , Burkett D. , Huang J. , Ward C. , Triantafilis J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPrimary (e.g., quartz) and secondary (clay) minerals are key factors determining the physical and chemical characteristics of soil. Understanding spatial distribution of minerals at the field scale would, therefore, be of potential benefit for soil management. However, current analysis requires time‐consuming laboratory procedures and computational quantification analysis (e.g., SIROQUANT). Furthermore, mineral composition (e.g., quartz, kaolinite, illite and expandable clay minerals) must sum to 100. We aimed to add value to laboratory data by developing multiple linear regression (MLR) relationships between mineralogy and ancillary data such as digital numbers (DNs) (i.e., Red [R], Green [G] and Blue [B]) acquired from remotely sensed air‐photographs and soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa – mS/m) measured from proximal sensing electromagnetic (EM) instruments (i.e., EM38 and EM31). To account for composition, we compare results from the MLR approach with those from additive log‐ratio (ALR) transformation of mineralogy prior to MLR modelling. This approach together with various ancillary data and trend surface parameters (i.e., scaled Easting and Northing) has greater precision and less bias of prediction than the MLR approach using untransformed data. Our approach also enables predictions to sum to 100. We conclude that the most useful ancillary data to predict the abundance of quartz, kaolinite and illite are B DNs and EM31, while expandable clays are best predicted with R DNs, EM38 and scaled Northing. The use of ancillary data to map mineralogical components combined with ALR‐MLR is an effective approach, with resulting maps providing insights into soil and water management issues consistent with farmer experience.
Linked lives and constrained spatial mobility: the case of moves related to separation among families with children
Authors: Thomas Michael J , Mulder Clara H , Cooke Thomas J 
Published: June 2017

Following considerable social and demographic change over the past six decades, macro‐social theories have attempted to explain contemporary society through trends of weakening traditional institutions (e.g. state, church and family) and certainties (e.g. life‐long full‐time work and marriage) and growing self‐articulation, individualisation, destandardisation and uncertainty. At the same time, new theories and discourses on population movement have emerged, in which emphasis is placed on mobility as both an empowering personal choice and a dominant process of modernity. The contemporary ubiquity of separation, and the corresponding rise of single‐person and lone‐parent households, is often proposed as one of the clearest articulations of instability, individualisation and weakening of the family. However, through regression‐based modelling of geocoded British Household Panel Survey data, we use the compelling case of moves related to separation among families to demonstrate how: (1) links between related individuals can simultaneously trigger, shape and constrain (im)mobility; (2) linked lives can intersect in important ways with social, institutional and geographical structures; and (3) linked post‐separation (im)mobility outcomes can often contradict individually‐stated pre‐separation preferences. Controlling for a range of multilevel characteristics, we find significant gender distinctions, with fathers more likely to leave the family home than mothers, and mothers less likely to break with post‐separation familial proximity than fathers. Structural factors including housing‐market geographies and population density are found to further shape these (im)mobility patterns. Together, our empirical analysis suggests that family dissolution will rarely herald a period of heightened individualisation, self‐determination and unencumbered mobility. Indeed, a wider appreciation of the rise of non‐traditional households, their complex linked lives and associated constraints could contribute to more realistic explanations of modern (im)mobility patterns and processes.
In vivo analysis of synaptic activity in cerebellar nuclei neurons unravels the efficacy of excitatory inputs
Authors: Yarden‐Rabinowitz Yasmin , Yarom Yosef 
Published: June 2017

Key points
Cerebellar nuclei (CN) neurons can be classified into four groups according to their action potential (AP) waveform, corresponding to four types of neurons previously characterized.
Half of the APs are generated by excitatory events, suggesting that excitatory inputs play a key role in generating CN outputs.
Analysis of post‐synaptic potentials reveals that the probability of excitatory inputs generating an AP is 0.1.
The input from climbing fibre collaterals is characterized by a pair of synaptic potentials with a distinct interpair interval of 4.5 ms.
The probability of climbing fibre collaterals initiating an AP in CN neurons is 0.15.
AbstractIt is commonly agreed that the main function of the cerebellar system is to provide well‐timed signals used for the execution of motor commands or prediction of sensory inputs. This function is manifested as a temporal sequence of spiking that should be expressed in the cerebellar nuclei (CN) projection neurons. Whether spiking activity is generated by excitation or release from inhibition is still a hotly debated issue. In an attempt to resolve this debate, we recorded intracellularly from CN neurons in anaesthetized mice and performed an analysis of synaptic activity that yielded a number of important observations. First, we demonstrate that CN neurons can be classified into four groups. Second, shape‐index plots of the excitatory events suggest that they are distributed over the entire dendritic tree. Third, the rise time of excitatory events is linearly related to amplitude, suggesting that all excitatory events contribute equally to the generation of action potentials (APs). Fourth, we identified a temporal pattern of spontaneous excitatory events that represent climbing fibre inputs and confirm the results by direct stimulation and analysis on harmaline‐evoked activity. Finally, we demonstrate that the probability of excitatory inputs generating an AP is 0.1 yet half of the APs are generated by excitatory events. Moreover, the probability of a presumably spontaneous climbing fibre input generating an AP is higher, reaching a mean population value of 0.15. In view of these results, the mode of synaptic integration at the level of the CN should be re‐considered.
Numerical Investigation of the Three-Dimensional Pressure Distribution in Taylor Couette Flow
Authors: Adebayo David Shina , Rona Aldo 
Published: June 2017

An investigation is conducted on the flow in a moderately wide gap between an inner rotating shaft and an outer coaxial fixed tube, with stationary end-walls, by three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) computational fluid dynamics (CFD), using the realizable k−ε model. This approach provides three-dimensional spatial distributions of static and dynamic pressures that are not directly measurable in experiment by conventional nonintrusive optics-based techniques. The nonuniform pressure main features on the axial and meridional planes appear to be driven by the radial momentum equilibrium of the flow, which is characterized by axisymmetric Taylor vortices over the Taylor number range 2.35×106≤Ta≤6.47×106. Regularly spaced static and dynamic pressure maxima on the stationary cylinder wall follow the axial stacking of the Taylor vortices and line up with the vortex-induced radial outflow documented in previous work. This new detailed understanding has potential for application to the design of a vertical turbine pump head. Aligning the location where the gauge static pressure (GSP) maximum occurs with the central axis of the delivery pipe could improve the head delivery, the pump mechanical efficiency, the system operation, and control costs.
Identification of Group B Streptococcus Capsule Type by Use of a Dual Phenotypic/Genotypic Assay
Authors: Alhhazmi Areej , Pandey Armaan , Tyrrell Gregory J. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

The group B streptococcus (GBS) capsular polysaccharide (CPS) is an important virulence factor which is also used for GBS typing. There are 10 CPS types (Ia, Ib, and II to IX). GBS that do not phenotypically type are considered nontypeable. All genes required for CPS synthesis are found on the GBS
cps
operon, which contains a highly variable CPS-determining region (
cpsG-cpsK
). The objective of this study was development of an assay to detect sialic acid on the GBS cell surface, followed by a genotypic PCR CPS typing assay. Sialic acid is located at the terminal end of the side chain of all known GBS CPS types. Sialic acid can be bound to commercially available lectins such as slug
Limax flavus
lectin. Biotinylated
L. flavus
-streptavidin-peroxidase complex was used in an enzyme immunoassay and dot blot assay to detect sialic acid. This was followed by a PCR typing scheme that was developed to target the serotype-determining region of the
cps
locus for Ia, Ib, and II to IX. Sialic acid from the CPS types Ia, Ib, and II to IX was detectable on the GBS cell surfaces of all previously identified CPS-typed GBS strains assayed. This was followed by the real-time PCR typing assay which successfully identified CPS Ia, Ib, and II to IX types. The combination of phenotypic and genotypic assays provides an accurate tool for detection of CPS expression and assignment of CPS typing. These assays have the potential to be used for CPS typing in large-scale epidemiological studies.