bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic Type IV Hiatal Hernia Repair in the Elective and Emergency Settings, Clinical Presentation, Outcomes, and Same-Day Surgery in Elective Repairs
Authors: Pineau Sylvestre , Turangan Raymar , Hoffman Clarissa , Mai Megan , Banki Farzaneh 
Published: September 2024

Objective: We aimed to compare the outcomes of laparoscopic type IV hiatal hernia repairs in elective and emergent settings and assess the feasibility of same-day surgery (SDS) in elective repairs. Methods: SDS was defined as discharge on the day of the procedure. The feasibility of SDS in elective repairs was assessed. Results: There were 265 primary type IV hernia repairs: 208/265 (78.5%) elective versus 57/265 (21.5%) in emergent settings, age:70.0 (64.0-75.0) versus 73.0 (60.8-82.0), P = .059, BMI: 30.1 (26.6-33.8) versus 27.5 (24.4-32.4), P = .025, ASA IV: 5/208 (2.4%) versus 11/57 (19.3%), P < .001, LOS:1 (0-2) versus 2 (1-4), P < .001, 30-day mortality: 0/208 (0.0%) versus 2/57 (3.5%), P = .046. SDS was planned in 83/208 (39.9%) elective procedures and performed in 65/83 (78.3%); 18/83 (21.7%) were transitioned from SDS to observation/inpatient. NGT was attempted in 18/57 (31.6%) in emergent setting and was successful in 5/5 at the bedside and 11/13 (84.6%) endoscopically. Ischemia was seen in 4/57 (7.0%) in emergent settings and perforation in 1/4. Time from surgical consultation to arrival to the OR in patients without ischemia/perforation/obstructive gastric volvulus (n = 50) was 57.9 hours (44.0-79.7) versus 5.5 hours (4.1-8.9) in those with, (n = 7). Conclusion: Type IV hiatal hernia can be repaired laparoscopically with good outcomes in elective and emergent settings and as SDS in elective repairs. Emergent presentations can occur in about 20% of type IV hernias in older patients with lower BMI and higher ASA. Ischemia/perforation are rare. Emergent presentations without ischemia/perforation can be treated with gastric decompression and urgent repair during the same admission.
Designing a Perioperative Mind-Body Intervention for Peripheral Vascular Interventions
Authors: Png Chien Yi Maximilian , Mehta Darshan H. , Dua Anahita , Stephen Antonia E , Bruce Alex M. , Forsythe Aynsley , Chitilian Hovig V. , Bringle Erik J. , Simpson James C. , Parady Katherine M. , McNeil Lisa A. , Baim Margaret A. , Eagleton Matthew J. , Chang David C. , Yeh Gloria Y. 
Published: September 2024

Background Peripheral vascular interventions (PVIs) performed under procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) can be associated with anxiety and poor compliance with patient instructions during surgery. Mind-body interventions (MBIs) such as meditation have demonstrated the potential to decrease perioperative anxiety, though this area is understudied, and no tailored interventions have been developed for the vascular surgical patient population. Objectives We aimed to design a perioperative MBI that specifically targeted vascular surgical patients undergoing PVIs under PSA. We sought to perform this in a scientifically rigorous, multi-disciplinary collaborative manner. Methods Following the Obesity-Related Behavioral Intervention Trials (ORBIT) model, we designed (Phase 1a) and then refined (Phase 1b) a MBI for patients undergoing PVIs under PSA to decrease perioperative anxiety and sedation and facilitate patient intraoperative compliance. Phase 1a involved a literature review, informal information gathering and synthesis, and drafting a preliminary protocol for a perioperative MBI. Phase 1b involved assembling a multi-disciplinary expert panel of perioperative and mind-body clinicians and researchers to improve the MBI using an iterative, modified Delphi approach. Results The modified Delphi process was completed, and a consensus was reached after three iterations. The resulting MBI consisted of two seven-minute preoperative guided meditations on the day of surgery, including diaphragmatic breathing, body scans, and guided imagery emphasizing awareness of the ipsilateral leg where the vascular surgery was performed. A document delineating the integration of the MBI into the operating room workflow was produced, including details regarding the intervention’s timing, duration, and modality. Conclusion Using a multi-specialty expert panel, we designed a novel MBI in the form of a guided meditation with elements of mindfulness and guided imagery to decrease anxiety and increase intraoperative compliance for patients undergoing PVIs under PSA. A prospective pilot study is being planned to test the program’s feasibility.
Sex-specific molecular signature of mouse podocytes in homeostasis and in response to pharmacological challenge with rapamycin
Authors: Al-Diab Ola , Sünkel Christin , Blanc Eric , Catar Rusan Ali , Ashraf Muhammad Imtiaz , Zhao Hongfan , Wang Pinchao , Rinschen Markus M. , Fritsche-Guenther Raphaela , Grahammer Florian , Bachmann Sebastian , Beule Dieter , Kirwan Jennifer A. , Rajewsky Nikolaus , Huber Tobias B. , Gürgen Dennis , Kusch Angelika 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundSex differences exist in the prevalence and progression of major glomerular diseases. Podocytes are the essential cell-type in the kidney which maintain the physiological blood-urine barrier, and pathological changes in podocyte homeostasis are critical accelerators of impairment of kidney function. However, sex-specific molecular signatures of podocytes under physiological and stress conditions remain unknown. This work aimed at identifying sexual dimorphic molecular signatures of podocytes under physiological condition and pharmacologically challenged homeostasis with mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition. mTOR is a crucial regulator involved in a variety of physiological and pathological stress responses in the kidney and inhibition of this pathway may therefore serve as a general stress challenger to get fundamental insights into sex differences in podocytes.MethodsThe genomic ROSAmT/mG-NPHS2 Cre mouse model was used which allows obtaining highly pure podocyte fractions for cell-specific molecular analyses, and vehicle or pharmacologic treatment with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin was performed for 3 weeks. Subsequently, deep RNA sequencing and proteomics were performed of the isolated podocytes to identify intrinsic sex differences. Studies were supplemented with metabolomics from kidney cortex tissues.ResultsAlthough kidney function and morphology remained normal in all experimental groups, RNA sequencing, proteomics and metabolomics revealed strong intrinsic sex differences in the expression levels of mitochondrial, translation and structural transcripts, protein abundances and regulation of metabolic pathways. Interestingly, rapamycin abolished prominent sex-specific clustering of podocyte gene expression and induced major changes only in male transcriptome. Several sex-biased transcription factors could be identified as possible upstream regulators of these sexually dimorphic responses. Concordant to transcriptomics, metabolomic changes were more prominent in males. Remarkably, high number of previously reported kidney disease genes showed intrinsic sexual dimorphism and/or different response patterns towards mTOR inhibition.ConclusionsOur results highlight remarkable intrinsic sex-differences and sex-specific response patterns towards pharmacological challenged podocyte homeostasis which might fundamentally contribute to sex differences in kidney disease susceptibilities and progression. This work provides rationale and an in-depth database for novel targets to be tested in specific kidney disease models to advance with sex-specific treatment strategies.
Biomarkers in acute kidney injury
Authors: Ostermann Marlies , Legrand Matthieu , Meersch Melanie , Srisawat Nattachai , Zarbock Alexander , Kellum John A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a multifactorial syndrome with a high risk of short- and long-term complications as well as increased health care costs. The traditional biomarkers of AKI, serum creatinine and urine output, have important limitations. The discovery of new functional and damage/stress biomarkers has enabled a more precise delineation of the aetiology, pathophysiology, site, mechanisms, and severity of injury. This has allowed earlier diagnosis, better prognostication, and the identification of AKI sub-phenotypes. In this review, we summarize the roles and challenges of these new biomarkers in clinical practice and research.
Chemogenetic Activation of RFRP Neurons Reduces LH Pulse Frequency in Female but not Male Mice
Authors: Sawyer India L , Evans Maggie C , Mamgain Asha , Decourt Caroline , Iremonger Karl J , Anderson Greg M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Context
The neuropeptide RFRP-3 (RFamide-related peptide-3) is thought to play a role in the negative regulation of fertility. However, the exogenous administration of RFRP-3 yields varying results depending on the dose and route of administration, sex of the subject, and many other variables. Manipulation of in vivo neuronal activity using DREADDs (designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs) technology enables investigation of cell type–specific neuronal activation in a manner that better reflects endogenous neuronal activity.

Objective
To test the effects of RFRP neuronal activation on pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion.

Methods
We generated mice expressing the stimulatory hM3Dq designer receptor exclusively in RFRP cells using 2 different Cre-loxP–mediated approaches: (1) we bred mice to express hM3Dq in all Rfrp-Cre-expressing cells, including some that transiently expressed Rfrp-Cre neonatally (RFRP × hM3Dq mice), and (2) we stereotaxically injected Cre-dependent hM3Dq into the dorsomedial nucleus of RFRP-Cre mice to drive hM3Dq expression exclusively in a subpopulation of adult Rfrp-Cre neurons (RFRP-AAV-hM3Dq mice). We then investigated the effects of acute hM3Dq activation on LH pulse frequency in RFRP × hM3Dq mice, RFRP-AAV-hM3Dq mice, and their respective controls.

Results
In both female RFRP × hM3Dq and RFRP-AAV-hM3Dq mice, chemogenetic activation of Cre-driven hM3Dq led to a significant 35% to 50% reduction in LH pulse frequency compared with controls, while no differences in pulse amplitude or mean LH concentration were observed. In marked contrast, RFRP activation did not cause any changes to LH pulse dynamics in male mice.

Conclusions
These data show for the first time that activation of neurons that have expressed Rfrp, or of a subset of adult RFRP neurons, can independently suppress LH pulsatility in female, but not male mice.
Communication Quality and the Cost of Language: Evidence from Stack Overflow
Authors: Bregolin Jacopo 
Published: September 2024

The transmission of information is crucial for productivity and growth. However, language differences may limit its effectiveness. This is particularly relevant for knowledge platforms that aim to be global, given the cultural diversity of the pool of users. In this paper, I empirically investigate how the exogenous cost of language affects communication quality and the trade-offs faced by knowledge platforms in implementing their website in multiple languages. I exploit the staggered introduction of websites for languages other than English on a question-and-answer platform to demonstrate two main facts. First, nonnative English speakers who contribute in English increase their answers’ quality once able to use their native language, and their answers are more likely to solve the questioner’s problem. The native-language answers drive the effect, which is larger when the question quality is higher and the incentives are stronger. Second, users who participate in their native language but not in English contribute lower-quality answers compared with those who contribute in English. This suggests that lower language barriers allow users with less expertise in the subject to participate. These results show that the platform should adopt multiple languages to maximise the quality of the information collected, although doing so may also result in an inflow of low-quality content from new users. This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.01333 .
Worker Empowerment and Subjective Evaluation: On Building an Effective Conflict Culture
Authors: MacLeod W. Bentley , Lara Victoria Valle , Zehnder Christian 
Published: September 2024

Although conflicts typically lead to a waste of resources, organizations may still benefit from a corporate culture that tolerates or even encourages conflicts. The reason is that coordinated conflicts may help to enforce norms and foster cooperation. In this paper, we report results of a series of laboratory experiments designed to explore whether and under what conditions an efficiency-enhancing conflict culture can emerge. Using a principal-agent setup with subjective performance evaluation, we show that establishing a functional conflict culture is a delicate matter. If conflicts are encouraged in a careless hands-off manner, the destructive side of conflicts is likely to dominate. To be successful, a conflict culture requires a careful management of fairness norms. In our experiment, we find that conflicts have positive net effects on efficiency only if an explicit code of conduct is established and conflicts are institutionalized through a grievance process. Thus, providing workers with more power may be a necessary but not sufficient condition for improving productivity when performance evaluations are subjective. This paper was accepted by Axel Ockenfels, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Funding: We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Swiss National Science Foundation [Grant 100018_152903]. W. Bentley MacLeod thanks Princeton University for support via a faculty research grant. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.03085 .
The Allocation of Talent and Financial Development, 1897 to 1936
Authors: Lin Chen , Ma Chicheng , Sun Yuchen , Xu Yuchen 
Published: September 2024

We examine how the supply of talent affected financial development based on an experiment that abruptly changed the allocation of talent in historical China. Under the meritocratic civil examination system, government service was the main employment for the Chinese intellectuals. The abolition of this system in 1905 reduced the status and wealth attached to government service, which led the intellectuals to turn to modern banking as a high-status sector of employment. We find that regions where there were more candidates for the civil examination produced more financial professionals after 1905, which translated to a greater development of modern banking. This paper was accepted by Lin William Cong, finance. Funding: C. Lin and C. Ma acknowledge the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong [Grant AoE/B-704/22-R], Y. Sun acknowledges the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72203037] and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in UIBE [Grant 20QD14; CXTD12-01], and Y. Xu acknowledges the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72203013] for financial support. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.00456 .
Kinks as Goals: Accelerating Commissions and the Performance of Sales Teams
Authors: Kuhn Peter , Yu Lizi 
Published: September 2024

Piecewise-linear reward schemes are very common in workplaces; by definition, they divide the set of possible performance levels into disjoint intervals that could have psychological value to workers. When these schemes take the form of lump-sum bonuses, any psychological rewards associated with attaining a performance interval are hard to distinguish from material ones because both material and psychological incentives predict bunching at the output needed to earn the bonus. To disentangle these effects, this paper studies a common but understudied class of piecewise-linear pay—accelerators—in which the mechanisms’ predictions conflict. Using the distributions of daily sales in 103 small retail teams, we find that daily sales bunch at accelerators, which is inconsistent with models in which only material rewards matter. Combining simple theoretical models, institutional evidence, and heterogeneity analyses, we argue that this unexpected bunching results from teams’ decisions to use the convenient, salient kink points as shared goals, which yield symbolic utility to their members when the points are attained. This paper was accepted by Lamar Pierce, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.01661 .
A qualitative study of research participation for parents from minority ethnic groups in the UK
Authors: Baldwin Sharin , Peters Angelyna , Loney Dana 
Published: September 2024

Background/Aims Under-representation of pregnant women, their partners and parents from minority ethnic backgrounds has been reported in research involving the perinatal period. This study's aim was to explore the experiences of parents from minority ethnic groups who participated in research during the perinatal period, focusing on barriers and facilitators to participation. Methods In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted via Microsoft Teams by all three researchers with a purposive sample of 16 parents. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results Seven overarching themes were identified: motivating factors; unique contributions; language, understanding and access; cultural values, beliefs and practices; lack of time and other commitments; facilitators for participation; and experience of the current study. Conclusions Understanding motivation for participation is essential to developing recruitment strategies that promote involvement of parents from minority ethnic backgrounds. A clear understanding of research goals and perceived benefits, and maximising access to studies, is likely to result in improved recruitment. Implications for practice Ways to encourage research participation from parents in minority ethnic groups include using a range of advertising techniques and venues, offering a choice of time and place for activities and alternative methods of data collection, and disseminating information on available studies in early pregnancy.
Pressure injury incidence measurement as a quality improvement strategy: national trends in Switzerland
Authors: Thomann Silvia , Bernet Niklaus S 
Published: September 2024

Objective: This study sought to determine the risk-adjusted (controlled for patient characteristics) trend in pressure injury (PI) incidence in Switzerland. Method: A secondary data analysis was conducted. The data originated from the national PI quality measurement based on a multicentre cross-sectional design with repeated annual measurements. Descriptive statistics, a Cochran–Armitage trend test and logistic (multilevel) regression modelling were applied. Results: The analysis sample comprised 123,715 patients from 230 hospitals over 10 survey years (2011–2019 and 2022). The incidence of descriptive PI varied in Switzerland between 3.7% and 5.6% over the survey years. No linear trend could be found when patient characteristics were not considered. A non-linear trend was detected when controlling for patient characteristics and the time effect (repeated measurement). This was also reflected in the plotted risk-adjusted incidence, which revealed a decrease followed by a levelling off. When only considering the incidence of PIs rated category 2 and higher, there was also a non-linear decreasing trend when controlling for patient characteristics and time effects. If the incidence per survey year were estimated on the basis of patient characteristics, an increase in the incidence would have been expected. Conclusion: Although patients' risk of developing a PI increased between 2011–2022, the incidence of PIs in Switzerland first decreased and then levelled off. The results indicated that care quality in Swiss hospitals has improved regarding PIs. Nevertheless, in view of demographic trends and increasing staff shortages, it is important to continue to monitor PI incidence and to invest in PI prevention.
Impact of continuous topical oxygen therapy on biofilm gene expression in a porcine tissue model
Authors: Ball Christopher , Jones Hannah , Thomas Hannah , Woodmansey Emma , Cole Windy , Schultz Gregory 
Published: September 2024

Objective: The effect of continuous topical oxygen therapy (cTOT) on Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm gene transcription profiles following inoculation onto porcine skin, using a customised molecular assay was determined. Method: Sterilised porcine skin explants were inoculated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in triplicate: 0 hours as negative control; 24 hours cTOT device on; 24 hours cTOT device off. The oxygen delivery system of the cTOT device was applied to the inoculated tissue and covered with a semi-occlusive dressing. All samples were incubated at 37±2°C for 24 hours, with the 0 hours negative control inoculated porcine skin samples recovered immediately. Planktonic suspensions and porcine skin biopsy samples were taken at 0 hours and 24 hours. Samples were processed and quantifiably assessed using gene specific reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays for a panel of eight Pseudomonas aeruginosa genes (16S, pelA, pslA, rsaL, pcrV, pscQ, acpP, cbrA) associated with biofilm formation, quorum sensing, protein secretion/translocation and metabolism. Results: Transcriptional upregulation of pelA, pcrV and acpP, responsible for intracellular adhesion, needletip protein production for type-3 secretion systems and fatty acid synthesis during proliferation, respectively, was observed when the cTOT device was switched on compared to when the device was switched off. Data suggest increased metabolic activity within bacterial cells following cTOT treatment. Conclusion: cTOT is an adjunctive therapy that supports faster healing and pain reduction in non-healing hypoxic wounds. Oxygen has previously been shown to increase susceptibility of biofilms to antibiotics through enhancing metabolism. Observed gene expression changes highlighted the impact of cTOT on biofilms, potentially influencing antimicrobial treatment success in wounds. Further in vitro and clinical investigations are warranted.
Secondary lymphoedema – causes, diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Perry Margaret 
Published: September 2024

This chronic condition is potentially distressing for patients. Margaret Perry explains what nurses working in primary care need to know about diagnosis and management of this condition. Lymphoedema is a long-term chronic disease which can have a devastating effect on the affected persons quality of life. The condition can be classified as primary or secondary, the latter being the commonest type. This article will therefore focus on secondary lymphoedema and will look at causes, diagnosis, treatment and complications, with the hope that the information given will give nurses and non-medical prescribers more confidence in assessing patients presenting with symptoms of this unpleasant disease.