bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pure Organic Emitter with Simultaneous Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence and Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence: Thermal‐Controlled Triplet Recycling Channels
Authors: Yu Ling , Wu Zhongbin , Zhong Cheng , Xie Guohua , Zhu Zece , Ma Dongge , Yang Chuluo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA new route to utilize the triplet excitons by simultaneous thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and phosphorescence is demonstrated for a new quinoxaline/phenoxazine hybrid emitter. Moreover, the two triplet recycling channels are thermally controlled, and a clear threshold temperature of 170 K is observed. Below the threshold temperature, direct triplet radiation (phosphorescence) is the dominant process. In contrast, the channel of upconversion through intersystem crossing is activated above the threshold and the resulting TADF gradually becomes the predominant process. By using the new compound as emitter in organic light‐emitting diodes, a high external quantum efficiency of 16.8% is far beyond the theoretical limit of the traditional fluorescent emitters.
Difluorobenzoxadiazole‐Based Polymer Semiconductors for High‐Performance Organic Thin‐Film Transistors with Tunable Charge Carrier Polarity
Authors: Shi Shengbin , Wang Yuxi , Uddin Mohammad Afsar , Zhou Xin , Guo Han , Liao Qiaogan , Zhu Xucheng , Cheng Xing , Woo Han Young , Guo Xugang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA series of difluorobenzoxadiazole‐based copolymers are synthesized for applications in high‐performance organic thin‐film transistors. Four π‐spacers with distinct electrical properties, bithiophene, difluorobithiophene, 2‐thiophene‐2′‐thiazole, and bithiazole, are inserted between head‐to‐head linkage containing bithiophene to promote polymer chain packing. Among the series, polymer containing bithiophene exhibits a unipolar p‐channel performance with a substantial hole mobility of 2.92 cm2 V−1 s−1, and minor structural modification leads to polymer containing bithiazole showing a remarkable unipolar n‐channel performance with an electron mobility of 0.83 cm2 V−1 s−1. Through a simple structural modification, such a drastic charge carrier polarity change without sacrificing mobility is elusive in organic thin‐film transistor field. Polymer containing hybrid 2‐thiophene‐2′‐thiazole spacer exhibits ambipolarity with encouraging hole/electron mobility of 0.27/0.35 cm2 V−1 s−1, and polymer containing difluorobithiophene shows an average hole mobility of 0.53 cm2 V−1 s−1. Among the results, p‐channel transistors exhibit encouraging device stability. The results demonstrate that difluorobenzoxadiazole is a versatile building block for enabling high‐mobility semiconductors with variable charge carrier polarity. X‐ray diffraction reveals that all difluorobenzoxadiazole‐based polymers have substantial film crystallinity with close π‐stacking and varied polymer chain orientation. The structure–property–device performance correlations from this study offer useful insights for materials innovation in organic thin‐film transistors.
Nanoscale Bipolar Electrical Switching of Ge2Sb2Te5 Phase‐Change Material Thin Films
Authors: Sun Xinxing , Roß Ulrich , Gerlach Jürgen W. , Lotnyk Andriy , Rauschenbach Bernd 
Published: November 2017

AbstractChalcogenide phase‐change materials (PCMs) exhibit distinct rapid changes in electrical properties upon repeatable switching between amorphous and crystalline structure and are thus attractive for emerging nonvolatile memory (phase‐change random access memory, PCRAM) applications. However, one of the key limitations of PCRAM concepts is their power consumption due to high RESET current requirement. In this work, the electrical memory switching behavior of Ge2Sb2Te5 phase‐change thin films is investigated in detail. Bipolar electrical switching of PCMs at the nanoscale is demonstrated by use of conductive atomic force microscopy and visualized by simultaneously recording topography and electric current maps. The memory cell exhibits excellent scalability (≈15 nm lateral size), low RESET/SET operation voltages (0.5 V), and high on/off resistance ratios (≈5 × 103) with a data storage density higher than 0.7 Tbit in.−2. The physical switching mechanism of the memory is explored by investigation of the local conduction channel, evaluating the local microstructure and local chemical composition by advanced electron microscopy. The switching process is interpreted as a combination of both phase‐change and electrolytic mechanisms.
Copper‐Catalyzed Alkylation of Thiophenols with Benzyltrimethylammonium Triflates
Authors: Lu Fangling , Chen Ziyue , Li Zhen , Wang Xiaoyan , Peng Xinyue , Li Cong , Li Ru , Pei Hongqiao , Wang Huamin , Gao Meng 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA copper‐catalyzed cross coupling of thiophenols with benzyltrimethylammonium triflates has been developed. Various kinds of aryl and heteroaryl thiophenols and alkylthiols demonstrated to be efficient substrates, generating the desired alkyl thioethers in moderate to good yields. Meanwhile, different benzyltrimethylammonium triflates could be well tolerated.
Breastfeeding, weaning, and dietary practices during the Western Zhou Dynasty (1122–771 BC) at Boyangcheng, Anhui Province, China
Authors: Xia Yang , Zhang Jinglei , Yu Fei , Zhang Hui , Wang Tingting , Hu Yaowu , Fuller Benjamin T. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectivesHere we investigate breastfeeding and weaning practices and adult dietary habits at the Western Zhou Dynasty (1122–771 BC) site of Boyangcheng (薄阳城) located in Anhui Province, China. In addition, we utilize the differences in bone collagen turnover rates between rib and long bones from the same individual to examine past life histories, such as changes in diet or residence.Materials and methodsBone collagen from both the rib and long bones (either femora or humeri) of 42 individuals was measured for stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N). In addition, δ13C and δ15N values are reported for 35 animals (dogs, cows, horses, pigs, and deer).ResultsThe human δ13C values range from −20.7‰ to −12.0‰ with a mean value of −18.8 ± 1.6‰. The human δ15N values range from 9.1‰ to 13.4‰ with a mean value of 10.9 ± 1.0‰. The animals display a wide range of δ13C (−21.5‰ to −8.2‰; −15.8 ± 4.5‰) and δ15N values (4.0‰ to 9.5‰; 6.5 ± 1.8‰).ConclusionsThe adult δ13C and δ15N results indicate that mixed C3 (rice) and C4 (millet) terrestrial diets with varying levels of animal protein (mostly pigs and deer) were consumed. The elevated subadult δ15N results return to adult levels by approximately 3–4 years of age, indicating that the weaning process was completed during this period. Individuals between 2 and 10 years old, with lower δ13C and δ15N results than the adult mean, possibly consumed more plant‐based diets, and this is consistent with Chinese medical teachings ∼1500 years later during the Tang Dynasty (AD 618–907). The isotopic offsets between the ribs and long bones revealed that five adults experienced dramatic dietary shifts in their later lives, switching from predominately C3/C4 to C3 diets. This research provides the first isotopic information about ancient Chinese breastfeeding and weaning practices and establishes a foundation for future studies to examine diachronic trends.
TeV‐ and MeV‐Physics Out of an Model
Authors: Neves Mario Junior , Helaÿel‐Neto Jose A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe standard electroweak interaction is here re‐assessed to accommodate two different situations in Particle Physics. The first one is a ‐model at the TeV‐scale physics. The second one tackles the recent discussion of a possible fifth force mediated by a 17‐MeV X‐boson associated with an electron‐positron emission in the transition of an excited 8‐Beryllium to its ground state. The anomaly‐free model that provides these two scenarios is based on an ‐symmetry. It yields a new massive neutral boson, an exotic massive neutral fermion, right‐neutrinos and an additional neutral Higgs particle, which stems from a supplementary Higgs field, introduced along with the usual Higgs doublet responsible for the electroweak breaking and the masses of and Z0. Yukawa interactions of the two scalars generate the masses of the Standard Model leptons, neutrinos and a new exotic fermion of the model. The vacuum expectation values of the Higgses fix up two independent energy scales. One of them is the well‐confirmed electroweak scale, 246 GeV, whereas the other one is set up by adopting an experimental estimate for the ‐mass.
Coalescence of Cluster Beam Generated Sub‐2 nm Bare Au Nanoparticles and Analysis of Au Film Growth Parameters
Authors: Verrelli Emanuele , Michelakaki Irini , Boukos Nikos , Kyriakou Georgios , Tsoukalas Dimitris 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this work is presented the growth model for Au films grown on a carbon substrate at room temperature by using as building blocks Au nanoparticles (NPs) with 1.4 nm mean size generated via remote cluster beam synthesis and soft landing on the substrate. The key results highlighted in this work are that 1) the deposited nanoparticles coalesce at substrate level in such a way that the film growth is 3D, 2) newly formed nanoparticles at substrate level are predominantly magic number clusters and 3) coalescensce takes place as soon as two neighboring nanopartciles come closer than a critical distance. The film growth was investigated by TEM as a function of Au load, in the range 0–1.2 μg/cm2. Two distinct regimes are identified: the “landing regime” and the “coalescence regime”. During the latter the film growth is 3D with a dynamic scaling exponent z of 2.13. Particular attention was devoted to the study of the evolution of the NP population from the moment they are generated with the cluster beam generator to the moment they land on the substrate and coalesce with other NPs. Our results show that 1) the NPs generated by the cluster beam are heterogeneous in size and are made by more than 95% by Au Magic numbers, mainly Au20 and Au55 and 2) kinetic processes (coalescence) at substrate level is capable of producing NPs populations made of larger Au magic numbers containing up to several thousands of Au atoms. Experimental and simulation results provide insight into the coalescence mechanism and provide strong evidence that the NPs coalesce when the nearest neighbor distance is below a critical mark. The critical distance is at its minimum 0.4‐0.5 nm and it is still unclear whether it is constant or not although the best matching simulation results seem to point to a superlinear dependence from the NP size difference between two neighboring candidate coalescing NPs. The coalescence phenomenon investigated in this work pinpoints the unique self‐organization properties of these small Au NPs in creating films with a stable edge‐to‐edge mean nearest neighbor distance of the order of 1.4 nm.
Columnar Liquid Crystals from a Giant Macrocycle Mesogen
Authors: Kawano Shin‐ichiro , Kato Masahiro , Soumiya Shinya , Nakaya Masato , Onoe Jun , Tanaka Kentaro 
Published: November 2017

AbstractColumnar liquid crystals composed of a giant macrocyclic mesogen were prepared. The giant macrocyclic mesogen has a square hollow with a 2.5 nm diagonal, which was bounded by diindolo[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐h]carbazole (diindolocarbazole) moieties as the edges and bis(salicylidene)‐o‐phenylenediamine (salphen) moieties as the corners. The shape and size of the macrocycle were directly observed by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Each side of the bright square in the STM image corresponds to a diindolocarbazole moiety, and the length of the sides was consistent with the result of the single crystal analysis of diindolocarbazole. Finally, we successfully obtained a giant macrocycle with long and branched side chains, which exhibited a rectangular columnar LC phase over a wide temperature range. To the best of our knowledge, it contained the largest discrete inner space of any thermotropic columnar liquid crystal composed of macrocyclic mesogens.
Fluorinated Vinylsilanes from the Copper‐Catalyzed Defluorosilylation of Fluoroalkene Feedstocks
Authors: Sakaguchi Hironobu , Ohashi Masato , Ogoshi Sensuke 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHerein, a copper‐catalyzed C−F bond defluorosilylation reaction of tetrafluoroethylene and other polyfluoroalkenes is described. Mechanistic studies, based on a series of stoichiometric reactions with copper complexes, revealed that the key steps of this defluorosilylation reaction are 1) the 1,2‐addition of a silylcopper intermediate to the polyfluoroalkene and 2) a subsequent selective β‐fluorine elimination, which generates a Cu−F species. The β‐fluorine elimination is facilitated by Lewis acidic F−Bpin, which is generated in situ during the defluorosilylation.
Total Syntheses of the Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids (±)‐Alstoscholarisine B and C
Authors: Mason Jeremy D. , Weinreb Steven M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTotal syntheses of the monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (±)‐alstoscholarisine B and C were accomplished starting from a readily available indole‐2‐acetic ester and an α,β‐unsaturated N‐sulfonyllactam.
Effect of status epilepticus on expression of brain UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase 1a in rats
Authors: Asai Yuki , Tanaka Hatsuna , Nadai Masayuki , Katoh Miki 
Published: November 2017

AbstractStatus epilepticus (SE) involves severe epileptic seizures that cause oxidative stress in the brain. Oxidative stress is known to influence uridine 5'‐diposphate‐glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A expression. The present study aimed at elucidating the effect of SE on Ugt1a1, Ugt1a6 and Ugt1a7 expression in the rat brain. Kainic acid was used to create an animal model of SE. Sprague‐Dawley rats were treated intraperitoneally with 10 mg/kg kainic acid. Ugt1a1 and Ugt1a7 mRNA levels were increased by SE in the cortex and hippocampus (Ugt1a1: 4.0‐ and 5.3‐fold, respectively; Ugt1a7: 2.8‐ and 2.5‐fold, respectively). Moreover, the induction degree of heme oxygenase‐1 mRNA, an oxidative stress marker, was high in these regions, suggesting that oxidative stress could be involved in Ugt1a1 and Ugt1a7 induction. Ugt1a6 was elevated by 1.8‐fold in the cortex in both SE and non‐response (non‐epileptic seizure response) rats, implying that Ugt1a6 induction may be independent from SE. An intraperitoneal single administration of 25 mg/kg diazepam (DZP) for the treatment of SE could attenuate heme oxygenase‐1 induction in the cortex, whereas Ugt1a1 was decreased in the hippocampus, but not in the cortex, suggesting that there likely exists an alternative mechanism for Ugt1a1 reduction by DZP treatment. Continuous 14‐day administration of DZP inhibited Ugt1a1 induction in the cortex, but did not have an effect on Ugt1a7 induction. This study indicated that SE altered the expression of brain Ugt1a1 and Ugt1a7, which could alter glucuronidation in the brain.
Highly active spore biocatalyst by self‐assembly of co‐expressed anchoring scaffoldin and multimeric enzyme
Authors: Chen Long , Holmes Megan , Schaefer Elise , Mulchandani Ashok , Ge Xin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe report a spore‐based biocatalysis platform capable of producing and self‐assembling active multimeric enzymes on a spore surface with a high loading density. This was achieved by co‐expressing both a spore surface‐anchoring scaffoldin protein containing multiple cohesin domains and a dockerin‐tagged enzyme of interest in the mother cell compartment during Bacillus subtilis sporulation. Using this method, tetrameric β‐galactosidase was successfully displayed on the spore surface with a loading density of 1.4 × 104 active enzymes per spore particle. The resulting spore biocatalysts exhibited high conversion rates of transgalactosylation in water/organic emulsions. With easy manufacture, enhanced thermostability, excellent reusability, and long‐term storage stability at ambient temperature, this approach holds a great potential in a wide range of biocatalysis applications especially involving organic phases.
Risk score to predict biliary leakage after elective liver resection
Authors: Mohkam K , Farges O , Vibert E , Soubrane O , Adam R , Pruvot F-R , Regimbeau J-M , Adham M , Boleslawski E , Mabrut J-Y , Ducerf C , Pradat P , Darnis B , Cazauran J-B , Lesurtel M , Dokmak S , Aussilhou B , Dondero F , Allard M-A , Ciacio O , Pittau G , Cherqui D , Castaing D , Sa Cunha A , Truant S , Hardwigsen J , Le Treut Y-P , Grégoire E , Scatton O , Brustia R , Sepulveda A , Cosse C , Laurent C , Adam J-P , El Bechwaty M , Perinel J 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Background
Biliary leakage remains a major cause of morbidity after liver resection. Previous prognostic studies of posthepatectomy biliary leakage (PHBL) lacked power, population homogeneity, and model validation. The present study aimed to develop a risk score for predicting severe PHBL.

Methods
In this multicentre observational study, patients who underwent liver resection without hepaticojejunostomy in one of nine tertiary centres between 2012 and 2015 were randomly assigned to a development or validation cohort in a 2 : 1 ratio. A model predicting severe PHBL (International Study Group of Liver Surgery grade B/C) was developed and further validated.

Results
A total of 2218 procedures were included. PHBL of any severity and severe PHBL occurred in 141 (6·4 per cent) and 92 (4·1 per cent) patients respectively. In the development cohort (1475 patients), multivariable analysis identified blood loss of at least 500 ml, liver remnant ischaemia time 45 min or more, anatomical resection including segment VIII, transection along the right aspect of the left intersectional plane, and associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy as predictors of severe PHBL. A risk score (ranging from 0 to 5) was built using the development cohort (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) 0·79, 95 per cent c.i. 0·74 to 0·85) and tested successfully in the validation cohort (AUROC 0·70, 0·60 to 0·80). A score of at least 3 predicted an increase in severe PHBL (19·4 versus 2·6 per cent in the development cohort, P &lt; 0·001; 15 versus 3·1 per cent in the validation cohort, P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
The present risk score reliably predicts severe PHBL. It represents a multi-institutionally validated prognostic tool that can be used to identify a subset of patients at high risk of severe PHBL after elective hepatectomy.
Chromatographic analysis of VOC patterns in exhaled breath from smokers and nonsmokers
Authors: Capone Simonetta , Tufariello Maria , Forleo Angiola , Longo Valentina , Giampetruzzi Lucia , Radogna Antonio Vincenzo , Casino Flavio , Siciliano Pietro 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCigarette smoking harms nearly every organ of the body and causes many diseases. The analysis of exhaled breath for exogenous and endogenous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can provide fundamental information on active smoking and insight into the health damage that smoke is creating. Various exhaled VOCs have been reported as typical of smoking habit and recent tobacco consumption, but to date, no eligible biomarkers have been identified. Aiming to identify such potential biomarkers, in this pilot study we analyzed the chemical patterns of exhaled breath from 26 volunteers divided into groups of nonsmokers and subgroups of smokers sampled at different periods of withdrawal from smoking. Solid‐phase microextraction technique and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry methods were applied. Many breath VOCs were identified and quantified in very low concentrations (ppbv range), but only a few (toluene, pyridine, pyrrole, benzene, 2‐butanone, 2‐pentanone and 1‐methyldecyclamine) were found to be statistically significant variables by Mann–Whitney test. In our analysis, we did not consider the predictive power of individual VOCs, as well as the criterion of uniqueness for biomarkers suggests, but we used the patterns of the only statistically significant compounds. Probit prediction model based on statistical relevant VOCs‐patterns showed that assessment of smoking status is heavily time dependent. In a two‐class classifier model, it is possible to predict with high specificity and sensitivity if a subject is a smoker who respected 1 hour of abstinence from smoking (short‐term exposure to tobacco) or a smoker (labelled "blank smoker") after a night out of smoking (long‐term exposure to tobacco). On the other side, in our study "blank smokers" are more like non‐smokers so that the two classes cannot be well distinguished and the corresponding prediction results showed a good sensitivity but low selectivity.
Sustainable Entrepreneurship Research: Taking Stock and looking ahead
Authors: Muñoz Pablo , Cohen Boyd 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe recognition of entrepreneurship as a solution to, rather than a cause of, environmental degradation and social inequality moved the field to identify a new type of entrepreneurial activity, namely sustainable entrepreneurship. Scholarly interest has spiked in recent years; however, aside from its aspirational appeal, there remains a lack of understanding of the nature of the phenomenon and the future of sustainable entrepreneurship in theory and practice. This review seeks to provide a conceptual basis for stimulating scholarly thought and improving our collective understanding of sustainable entrepreneurship as a distinct subdomain within entrepreneurship research. Based on boundary definition and delineation of main features, this review critically discusses the main challenges ahead and elaborates on the research implications and future research directions beyond current, dominant approaches to entrepreneurial action. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Development of an educational interactive hardware‐in‐the‐loop missile guidance system simulator
Authors: Chen Zhongyuan , Chen Wanchun , Liu Xiaoming , Song Chuang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis paper presents a hardware‐in‐the‐loop (HIL) simulator, named HIL‐GSS, which aims to help the students of aerospace engineering learn control and missile guidance theories effectively by using interactive instrumentation. Electromechanical components and interactive panels are illustrated. Two case‐based studies are presented to show the advantages that HIL‐GSS offers to engineering education. Steady‐state tracking errors of the PID controller based on the HIL‐GSS are around zero. The final miss distance in the real‐time HIL TV guidance engagement simulation is 0.2376 m. Those results show the reliability of the proposed HIL simulator. In addition, the students' average response to survey questions is 4.22 (1–5 grade scale), which indicates that students strongly agree or agree that HIL‐GSS is an effective educational tool.
Balloon pin‐hole rupture during percutaneous coronary intervention for recurrent, calcified in‐stent restenosis: A case report
Authors: Murata Nobuhiro , Takayama Tadateru , Hiro Takafumi , Hirayama Atsushi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for patients with in‐stent restenosis (ISR) is generally considered safe and effective. However, due to increased tissue hardness, PCI for calcified intra‐stent ISR is technically challenging. Here, we report severe angioplasty‐related complications in a patient presenting with calcified, recurrent ISR following PCI. After receiving drug‐coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty for an initial ISR, the patient developed recurrent ISR during the follow‐up period. Intravascular imaging revealed intra‐stent calcifications and balloon angioplasty was subsequently performed. During the angioplasty, a pin‐hole balloon rupture occurred, consequently causing coronary dissection as visualized by intravascular imaging. To prevent acute coronary occlusion, stent implantation was required. The present case report suggests that, following detection of intra‐stent calcified stenosis, both careful balloon inflation as well as optimal ablation device selection are required to prevent potential complications and obtain successful procedural outcomes.