bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain‐responsive neurostimulation in patients with medically intractable mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Geller Eric B. , Skarpaas Tara L. , Gross Robert E. , Goodman Robert R. , Barkley Gregory L. , Bazil Carl W. , Berg Michael J. , Bergey Gregory K. , Cash Sydney S. , Cole Andrew J. , Duckrow Robert B. , Edwards Jonathan C. , Eisenschenk Stephan , Fessler James , Fountain Nathan B. , Goldman Alicia M. , Gwinn Ryder P. , Heck Christianne , Herekar Aamar , Hirsch Lawrence J. , Jobst Barbara C. , King‐Stephens David , Labar Douglas R. , Leiphart James W. , Marsh W. Richard , Meador Kimford J. , Mizrahi Eli M. , Murro Anthony M. , Nair Dileep R. , Noe Katherine H. , Park Yong D. , Rutecki Paul A. , Salanova Vicenta , Sheth Raj D. , Shields Donald C. , Skidmore Christopher , Smith Michael C. , Spencer David C. , Srinivasan Shraddha , Tatum William , Van Ness Paul C. , Vossler David G. , Wharen Robert E. , Worrell Gregory A. , Yoshor Daniel , Zimmerman Richard S. , Cicora Kathy , Sun Felice T. , Morrell Martha J. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryObjectiveEvaluate the seizure‐reduction response and safety of mesial temporal lobe (MTL) brain‐responsive stimulation in adults with medically intractable partial‐onset seizures of mesial temporal lobe origin.MethodsSubjects with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) were identified from prospective clinical trials of a brain‐responsive neurostimulator (RNS System, NeuroPace). The seizure reduction over years 2–6 postimplantation was calculated by assessing the seizure frequency compared to a preimplantation baseline. Safety was assessed based on reported adverse events.ResultsThere were 111 subjects with MTLE; 72% of subjects had bilateral MTL onsets and 28% had unilateral onsets. Subjects had one to four leads placed; only two leads could be connected to the device. Seventy‐six subjects had depth leads only, 29 had both depth and strip leads, and 6 had only strip leads. The mean follow‐up was 6.1 ± (standard deviation) 2.2 years. The median percent seizure reduction was 70% (last observation carried forward). Twenty‐nine percent of subjects experienced at least one seizure‐free period of 6 months or longer, and 15% experienced at least one seizure‐free period of 1 year or longer. There was no difference in seizure reduction in subjects with and without mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS), bilateral MTL onsets, prior resection, prior intracranial monitoring, and prior vagus nerve stimulation. In addition, seizure reduction was not dependent on the location of depth leads relative to the hippocampus. The most frequent serious device‐related adverse event was soft tissue implant‐site infection (overall rate, including events categorized as device‐related, uncertain, or not device‐related: 0.03 per implant year, which is not greater than with other neurostimulation devices).SignificanceBrain‐responsive stimulation represents a safe and effective treatment option for patients with medically intractable epilepsy, including patients with unilateral or bilateral MTLE who are not candidates for temporal lobectomy or who have failed a prior MTL resection.
Source localization of ictal epileptic activity based on high‐density scalp EEG data
Authors: Nemtsas Petros , Birot Gwenael , Pittau Francesca , Michel Christoph M. , Schaller Karl , Vulliemoz Serge , Kimiskidis Vasilios K. , Seeck Margitta 
Published: April 2017

SummaryObjectiveElectrical source imaging (ESI) is a well‐established approach to localizing the epileptic focus in drug‐resistant focal epilepsy. So far, ESI has been used primarily on interictal events. Emerging evidence suggests that ictal ESI is also feasible and potentially useful. We aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of ESI on ictal events using high‐density electroencephalography (EEG).MethodsWe performed ictal ESI on 14 patients (9 with temporal lobe epilepsy) admitted for presurgical evaluation who presented seizures during a long‐term (≥18 h) high‐density EEG recording (13 with 256 electrodes and one with 128 electrodes), and subsequently 8 of them underwent epilepsy surgery (postoperative follow‐up >1 year). Artifact‐free EEG epochs at ictal οnset were selected for further analysis. The predominant ictal rhythm was identified and filtered (±1 Hz around the main frequency). ESI was computed for each time point using an individual head model and a distributed linear inverse solution, and the average across source localizations was localized. For validation, results were compared with the resection area and postoperative outcome.ResultsIctal ESI correctly localized the epileptic seizure‐onset zone in the resection area in five of six postoperatively seizure‐free patients. Interictal and ictal ESI were concordant in 9 of 14 patients and partially concordant in additional 4 of 14 patients (93%). Divergent solutions were found in only one of the 14 patients (7%).SignificanceIctal ESI is a promising localization technique in focal epilepsy.
Strategic mate‐guarding behaviour in ladybirds
Authors: Chaudhary Desh D. , Mishra Geetanjali , Omkar   
Published: April 2017

AbstractMate‐guarding behaviour is regarded as a means of increasing paternity share by reducing sperm competition. It is known to be a plastic response which varies with operational sex ratios and competitor presence in the vicinity. In a recent study, prolonged mating duration in Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) has been found to incorporate mate‐guarding behaviour. The present investigation was conducted to assess its plasticity in the presence of competitors. The physical and chemical presence of competitors of both sexes at varying densities was provided to a pair of ladybirds, and their time to commence mating, latent period and mate‐guarding duration was observed. These were compared to a control treatment where other partners were absent. All treatments were conducted with sibling as well as non‐sibling competitors. It was our hypothesis that mate guarding would be increased in the presence of male competitors and would be reduced by female presence. The results revealed that while mate‐guarding duration was increased by the chemical presence of males it was decreased by their physical presence. The latter result was attributed to interference by other males who dislodge the mating male in order to access the female. Female chemical presence had no effect on mate guarding, while physical presence increased the duration of mate guarding. The reasons for the latter behaviour require further investigation. Responses were not significantly affected by the relationship between the focal pair and the competitor. The authenticity of the mate guarding in this ladybird is strongly affirmed by our results.
Severe consequences of habitat fragmentation on genetic diversity of an endangered Australian freshwater fish: A call for assisted gene flow
Authors: Pavlova Alexandra , Beheregaray Luciano B. , Coleman Rhys , Gilligan Dean , Harrisson Katherine A. , Ingram Brett A. , Kearns Joanne , Lamb Annika M. , Lintermans Mark , Lyon Jarod , Nguyen Thuy T. T. , Sasaki Minami , Tonkin Zeb , Yen Jian D. L. , Sunnucks Paul 
Published: April 2017

AbstractGenetic diversity underpins the ability of populations to persist and adapt to environmental changes. Substantial empirical data show that genetic diversity rapidly deteriorates in small and isolated populations due to genetic drift, leading to reduction in adaptive potential and fitness and increase in inbreeding. Assisted gene flow (e.g. via translocations) can reverse these trends, but lack of data on fitness loss and fear of impairing population “uniqueness” often prevents managers from acting. Here, we use population genetic and riverscape genetic analyses and simulations to explore the consequences of extensive habitat loss and fragmentation on population genetic diversity and future population trajectories of an endangered Australian freshwater fish, Macquarie perch Macquaria australasica. Using guidelines to assess the risk of outbreeding depression under admixture, we develop recommendations for population management, identify populations requiring genetic rescue and/or genetic restoration and potential donor sources. We found that most remaining populations of Macquarie perch have low genetic diversity, and effective population sizes below the threshold required to retain adaptive potential. Our simulations showed that under management inaction, smaller populations of Macquarie perch will face inbreeding depression within a few decades, but regular small‐scale translocations will rapidly rescue populations from inbreeding depression and increase adaptive potential through genetic restoration. Despite the lack of data on fitness loss, based on our genetic data for Macquarie perch populations, simulations and empirical results from other systems, we recommend regular and frequent translocations among remnant populations within catchments. These translocations will emulate the effect of historical gene flow and improve population persistence through decrease in demographic and genetic stochasticity. Increasing population genetic connectivity within each catchment will help to maintain large effective population sizes and maximize species adaptive potential. The approach proposed here could be readily applicable to genetic management of other threatened species to improve their adaptive potential.
Pasture‐associated stringhalt: Contemporary appraisal of an enigmatic syndrome
Authors: El‐Hage C. M. , Huntington P. J. , Mayhew I. G. , Slocombe R. F. , Tennent‐Brown B. S. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryAlthough described clinically for several centuries, stringhalt remains an intriguing and enigmatic condition. In pasture‐associated stringhalt (PSH), the clinical sign of exaggerated, prolonged hindlimb flexion is associated with a peripheral neuropathy affecting the larger myelinated axons that is thought to be the result of exposure to a plant‐derived neurotoxin. It is likely that multiple host and environmental risk factors interact to producePSHand the precise aetiology has not yet been elucidated. Drought‐affected, poor‐quality pasture and the presence ofHypochoeris radicata(commonly referred to as Catsear, Flatweed and False Dandelion) are recognised risk factors. Affected horses are typically mature and taller animals are considered more susceptible. Most horses withPSHrecover spontaneously if removed from the presumptive source of toxin; however, recovery can be prolonged, taking several years for some horses, and might be incomplete in occasional cases. A wide range of therapies have been attempted in horses withPSHincluding phenytoin, thiamine, taurine, infiltration of digital extensors with botulinum toxin and lateral digital extensor myotenectomy procedure. The efficacy of these treatments is uncertain since controlled trials have not been performed and the spontaneous recovery of most horses makes any response to treatment difficult to interpret.
Transforming social sector auditing – they audited more, but scrutinized less
Authors: Kastberg Gustaf , Ek Österberg Emma 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe legitimacy of audit technologies is inevitably linked to a knowledge base. Even though it has been pointed out that the agreements on how to measure and verify certain operations are only temporal, empirical studies on change in audit are rare. This paper reports a detailed empirical study of change in performance audit within social services in Sweden. The paper complements previous research since this paper is not about makingnewthings auditable but about challenging existing technologies within a field. We observe how the new ‘sharp’ control‐based model – realized through measures of prioritizing, focusing and standardizing – was related to new demands on ‘facts’ about the audit object. The effect was that many things in this new situation became unauditable; they audited more, but actually scrutinized less. The paper also contributes to existing literature on the role of ‘sharp’ control‐based audit in the social sector. With a ‘soft’ and ‘fuzzy’ object, as is often the case in many parts of the public sector, it is difficult to produce hard, convincing evidence that holds true in different settings.
Regulatory impact on voluntary climate change–related reporting by Australian government‐owned corporations
Authors: Liu Zihan , Abhayawansa Subhash , Jubb Christine , Perera Luckmika 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis paper concerns voluntary climate change–related reporting of government‐owned corporations (GOCs). We investigate whether the Australian National Gresenhouse and Energy Reporting Scheme (NGERS), a regulation stipulating the disclosure of greenhouse gas emissions to government, subsequently made publicly available on a Website, has a positive impact on the voluntary disclosure of climate change–related information not required by the regulation. We find that implementation of NGERS has a positive effect on voluntary climate change‐related disclosures by GOCs. Hence, mandating disclosure of organisations’ negative environmental performance, such as greenhouse gas emissions, can influence voluntary disclosures of a broad range of related information particularly in organisations that are not subject to capital markets incentives. However, upon later but concurrent implementation of a Carbon Tax after a highly partisan and divisive political debate, climate change–related disclosures by GOCs reduce, consistent with the de Villiers and van Staden (2006) argument that when disclosures might increase awareness of sensitive issues, avoidance of attention to the issue might be the best strategy to retain legitimacy.
The Propensity to Split and CEO Compensation
Authors: Devos Erik , Elliott William B. , Warr Richard S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe analyze the relation between the delta and vega of a chief executive officer's (CEO) compensation and the propensity of the firm to engage in a split. Controlling for other well‐known factors, we find that CEOs with compensation that has higher levels of delta are more likely to split their shares. Furthermore, the choice of split factor is inversely related to delta. Our results are economically significant: for the average (median) firm in our sample, a stock split results in a CEO wealth gain of $4.9 million ($84,000).
The effect of ageing on changes in myofibrillar protein in selected muscles in relation to the tenderness of meat obtained from cross‐breed heifers
Authors: Moczkowska Małgorzata , Półtorak Andrzej , Wierzbicka Agnieszka 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the ageing on changes in selected myofibrillar proteins and Warner–Bratzler shear force values in muscles from cross‐breed Charolaise × Holstein Friesian heifers. Triceps brachii (TB), infraspinatus (IS), vastus lateralis (VL), semimembranosus (SM), biceps femoris (BF) and semitendinous (ST) muscles after ageing were examined. A significant muscle effect was found in the case of basic chemical composition, Warner–Bratzler shear force values and cooking loss. The vastus lateralis characterised by the lowest intramuscular fat percentage (P ≤ 0.05). The highest connective tissue content was shown for infraspinatus. This muscle had the lowest Warner–Bratzler shear force values in every ageing time, regardless of the cooking method. Throughout the ageing process, selected myofibrillar proteins were altered in all examined muscles, but at varying rates. The SDS‐PAGE electrophoresis and Western blotting analysis showed that desmin and troponin‐T degradation affected both muscles and ageing effects (P ≤ 0.001).
Neue systemische Antimykotika: Wirkungsmechanismen, Interaktionen, unerwünschte Wirkungen
Authors: Schäfer‐Korting Monika 
Published: April 2017

ZusammenfassungDer Zunahme systemischer Pilzinfektionen und der Resistenzsteigerung bei Antimykotika ist durch Neuentwicklungen bei diesen Antiinfektiva zu begegnen. Mit den Azolen der 2. Generation, die hochpotente Inhibitoren der Ergosterolsynthese sind, und einem partialsynthetischen Echinocandin, einem Hemmstoff des Enzyms Glucansynthase, stehen nunmehr neue stark wirksame Vertreter für die Behandlung der invasiven Aspergillose zur Verfügung. Als Arzneimittel zugelassen sind Voriconazol bzw. Caspofungin, möglicherweise eignen sich diese bei Beachtung der Kontraindikationen und ‐ bei Voriconazol ‐ möglicher Wechselwirkungen gut verträglichen Arzneistoffe auch für die Therapie anderer schwerwiegender Mykosen, z. B. systemischer und oropharyngealer Candidosen bei Immundefizienz.
Frühe Beschreibung einer pulmonalen Aspergillose 1847 aus Greifswald
Authors: Knoke M. , Bernhardt Hannelore , Schwesinger G. 
Published: April 2017

ZusammenfassungIm Jahre 1847 hat der Greifswalder Medizinstudent Theodor Sluyter (1817–1895) in seiner in Berlin veröffentlichten Inauguraldissertation den ersten sicher bestimmbaren Fall einer Lungenaspergillose beim Menschen beschrieben. 1856 ordnete Rudolf Virchow (1821–1902) an Hand der beigegebenen Zeichnung den Pilz der Gattung Aspergillus zu. Der Obduzent war möglicherweise Carl Ferdinand Eichstedt (1816 bis 1892), der 1846 als erster einen Pilz als Ursache der Pityriasis versicolor angesehen hatte. Weitere beteiligte Greifswalder Wissenschaftler waren Wilhelm Baum (1799 bis 1883), Theodor Litzmann (1815–1890) und der Botaniker Johann Konrad Schauer (1813–1848), deren Lebensläufe ebenso wie der von T. Sluyter dargestellt werden.
The role of formal support in the lives of children of mothers with intellectual disability
Authors: Collings Susan , Grace Rebekah , Llewellyn Gwynnyth 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundMothers with intellectual disability face socioeconomic disadvantage and social isolation, which is associated with poorer child outcomes. Social services feature prominently in the lives of mothers with intellectual disability especially those without informal support; however, the role of formal support in the lives of their children has not been explored.MethodsSeven children aged 7–11 years took part in semi‐structured interviews to explore their social experiences. Stories about interactions at home, school and with peers were analysed to illuminate influences, including social support, in their lives.ResultsFormal support can provide an enduring relationship for children from socially restricted homes when it focuses on the child's abilities, interests and needs as distinct from those of their mother. Child‐focused support can be from a paid worker or volunteer.ConclusionsFamily support services need to apply a child focus to improve the well‐being of children in vulnerable families.
A nurse‐led education and cognitive behaviour therapy‐based intervention among adults with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Whitehead Lisa C. , Crowe Marie T. , Carter Janet D. , Maskill Virginia R. , Carlyle Dave , Bugge Carol , Frampton Chris M. A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesDiabetes mellitus is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and escalating health care costs. Research has consistently demonstrated the importance of glycaemic control in delaying the onset, and decreasing the incidence, of both the short‐term and long‐term complications of diabetes. Although glycaemic control is difficult to achieve and challenging to maintain, it is key to reducing negative disease outcomes.The aim of this study was to determine whether a nurse‐led educational intervention alone or a nurse‐led intervention using education and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) was effective in reducing hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in people living with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes compared to usual care.MethodsAdults over the age of 18 years, with a confirmed diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and HbA1c outside of the recommended range (4%‐7%, 20‐53 mmol/mol) for 12 months or more, were eligible to participate. Participants were randomised to either a nurse‐led education intervention, a nurse‐led education plus ACT intervention, or a usual care. One hundred and eighteen participants completed baseline data collection (N = 34 education group, N = 39 education plus ACT, N = 45 control group). An intention to treat analysis was used.ResultsA statistically significant reduction in HbA1c in the education intervention group was found (P = .011 [7.48, 8.14]). At 6 months, HbA1c was reduced in both intervention groups (education group −0.21 and education and ACT group −0.04) and increased in the control group (+0.32). A positive change in HbA1c (HbA1c reduced) was noted in 50 participants overall. Twice as many participants in the intervention groups demonstrated an improvement as compared to the control group (56% of the education group, 51% education plus ACT, and 24% control group.ConclusionsAt 6 months post intervention, HbA1c was reduced in both intervention groups with a greater reduction noted in the nurse‐led education intervention.
Is sporadic Alzheimer′s disease a developmental disorder?
Authors: Arendt Thomas , Stieler Jens , Ueberham Uwe 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAlzheimer′s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of higher age that specifically occurs in human. Its clinical phase, characterized by a decline in physiological, psychological, and social functioning, is preceded by a long clinically silent phase of at least several decades that might perhaps even start very early in life. Overall, key functional abilities in AD patients decline in reverse order of the development of these abilities during normal childhood and adolescence. Early symptoms of AD, thus, typically affect mental functions that have been acquired only during very recent hominid evolution and as such are specific to human. Neurofibrillar degeneration, a typical neuropathological lesion of the disease and one of the most robust pathological correlates of cognitive impairment, is rarely seen in non‐primate mammals and even non‐human primates hardly develop a pathology comparable to those seen in AD patients. Neurofibrillar degeneration is not randomly distributed throughout the AD brain. It preferentially affects brain areas that become increasingly predominant during the evolutionary process of encephalization. During progression of the disease, it affects cortical areas in a stereotypic sequence that inversely recapitulates ontogenetic brain development. The specific distribution of cortical pathology in AD, moreover, appears to be determined by the modular organization of the cerebral cortex which basically is a structural reflection of its ontogeny. Here, we summarize recent evidence that phylogenetic and ontogenetic dimensions of brain structure and function provide the key to our understanding of AD. More recent molecular biological studies of the potential pathogenetic role of a genomic mosaic in the brains of patients with AD might even provide arguments for a developmental origin of AD.This article is part of a series “Beyond Amyloid”.
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Interactions between integrase inhibitors and human arginase 1
Authors: Lisi Lucia , Pizzoferrato Michela , Miscioscia Fabiola Teresa , Topai Alessandra , Navarra Pierluigi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe neuro‐pathogenic mechanism(s) underlying HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorders are mostly unknown. HIV‐infected macrophages and microglial cells play a crucial role and the metabolic fate of l‐arginine may be highly relevant to microglia activation. In this context, arginase (ARG), which uses l‐arginine as substrate, can be on the same time a target and source of oxidative stress and inflammation. In this study, we investigated whether integrase strand transfer inhibitors share with the other antiretroviral drugs the ability to inhibit ARG activity. We used the previously validated cell model, namely the human microglia cell line, as well as the computational chemistry approach. Furthermore, here we characterized the activity of purified human ARG in a cell‐free in vitro system, and investigated the effects of integrase strand transfer inhibitors in this newly validated model. Overall evidence shows that Dolutegravir, Raltegravir and Elvitegravir inhibit ARG activity.
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