bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional characterization of carboxylesterase gene mutations involved in Aphis gossypii resistance to organophosphate insecticides
Authors: Gong Y.‐H. , Ai G.‐M. , Li M. , Shi X.‐Y. , Diao Q.‐Y. , Gao X.‐W. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCarboxylesterases (CarEs) play an important role in detoxifying insecticides in insects. Over‐expression and structural modification of CarEs have been implicated in the development of organophosphate (OP) insecticide resistance in insects. A previous study identified four nonsynonymous mutations (resulting in four amino acid residue substitutions) in the open reading frame of the carboxylesterase gene of resistant cotton aphids compared to the omethoate susceptible strain, which has possibly influenced the development of resistance to omethoate (a systemic OP insecticide). The current study further characterized the function of these mutations, both alone and in combination, in the hydrolysis of OP insecticides. The metabolism results suggest that the combination of four mutations, mainly existing in the laboratory‐selected OP‐resistant cotton aphid population, increased the OP hydrolase activity (approximately twofold) at the cost of detectable carboxylesterase activity. The functional studies of single or multiple mutations suggest the positive effect of H104R, A128V and T333P on the acquisition of OP hydrolase activity, especially the combination of H104R with A128V or T333P. K484R substitution decreased both the OP hydrolase activity and the CarE activity, indicating that this mutation primarily drives the negative effect on the acquisition of OP hydrolase activity amongst these four mutations in the resistant strain. The modelling and docking results are basically consistent with the metabolic results, which strongly suggest that the structural gene modification is the molecular basis for the OP resistance in this laboratory‐selected cotton aphid strain.
Negative regulation of Nod‐like receptor protein 3 inflammasome activation by T cell Ig mucin‐3 protects against peritonitis
Authors: Wang Wei , Shi Qingzhu , Dou Shuaijie , Li Ge , Shi Xinhui , Jiang Xingwei , Wang Zhiding , Yu Dandan , Chen Guojiang , Wang Renxi , Xiao He , Hou Chunmei , Feng Jiannan , Shen Beifen , Ma Yuanfang , Han Gencheng 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThe Nod‐like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays roles in host defence against invading pathogens and in the development of autoimmune damage. Strict regulation of these responses is important to avoid detrimental effects. Here, we demonstrate that T cell Ig mucin‐3 (Tim‐3), an immune checkpoint inhibitor, inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation by damping basal and lipopolysaccharide‐induced nuclear factor‐κB‐mediated up‐regulation of NLRP3 and interleukin‐1β during the priming step and basal and ATP/lipopolysaccharide‐induced ATP production, K+ efflux, and reactive oxygen species production during the activation step. Residues Y256/Y263 in the C‐terminal region of Tim‐3 are required for these inhibitory effects on the NLRP3 inflammasome. In mice with alum‐induced peritonitis, blockade of Tim‐3 exacerbates peritonitis by overcoming the inhibitory effect of Tim‐3 on NLRP3 inflammasome activation, while transgenic expression of Tim‐3 attenuates inflammation by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Our results show that Tim‐3 is a critical negative regulator of NLRP3 inflammasome and provides a potential target for intervention of diseases with uncontrolled inflammasome activation.
The efficacy of medical masks and respirators against respiratory infection in healthcare workers
Authors: MacIntyre Chandini Raina , Chughtai Abrar Ahmad , Rahman Bayzidur , Peng Yang , Zhang Yi , Seale Holly , Wang Xiaoli , Wang Quanyi 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveWe aimed to examine the efficacy of medical masks and respirators in protecting against respiratory infections using pooled data from two homogenous randomised control clinical trials (RCTs).MethodsThe data collected on 3591 subjects in two similar RCTs conducted in Beijing, China, which examined the same infection outcomes, were pooled. Four interventions were compared: (i) continuous N95 respirator use, (ii) targeted N95 respirator use, (iii) medical mask use and (iv) control arm. The outcomes were laboratory‐confirmed viral respiratory infection, influenza A or B, laboratory‐confirmed bacterial colonisation and pathogens grouped by mode of transmission.ResultsRates of all outcomes were consistently lower in the continuous N95 and/or targeted N95 arms. In adjusted analysis, rates of laboratory‐confirmed bacterial colonisation (RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.21‐0.51), laboratory‐confirmed viral infections (RR 0.46, 95% CI 0.23‐0.91) and droplet‐transmitted infections (RR 0.26, 95% CI 0.16‐0.42) were significantly lower in the continuous N95 arm. Laboratory‐confirmed influenza was also lowest in the continuous N95 arm (RR 0.34, 95% CI 0.10‐1.11), but the difference was not statistically significant. Rates of laboratory‐confirmed bacterial colonisation (RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.33‐0.87) and droplet‐transmitted infections (RR 0.43, 95% CI 0.25‐0.72) were also lower in the targeted N95 arm, but not in medical mask arm.ConclusionThe results suggest that the classification of infections into droplet versus airborne transmission is an oversimplification. Most guidelines recommend masks for infections spread by droplets. N95 respirators, as “airborne precautions,” provide superior protection for droplet‐transmitted infections. To ensure the occupational health and safety of healthcare worker, the superiority of respirators in preventing respiratory infections should be reflected in infection control guidelines.
Exploring conditions for redistribution of anti‐tumor necrosis factors to reduce spillage: A study on the quality of anti‐tumor necrosis factor home storage
Authors: de Jong Marin J , Pierik Marieke J , Peters Andy , Roemers Mark , Hilhorst Veronique , van Tubergen Astrid 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackground and AimBiologicals are potent drugs for immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases. After discontinuation or switch of therapy, many patients have unused biological injectors left. This study aimed to evaluate potential redistribution of unused injectors to prevent spillage of these costly drugs by assessing (i) the quality of transport and home storage through the proportion of injectors stored within the recommended temperature range (2–8 °C) and (ii) acceptance of redistribution by patients.MethodsAll golimumab users, irrespective of the indication, at Maastricht University Medical Center were eligible for inclusion. Patients received golimumab in a sealed bag containing a validated temperature sensor, measuring temperature every 5 min. Patients were asked to store their medication as usual. Deviations from the recommended range were defined as any duration below 0 °C and > 30 min below 2 °C or above 8 °C. After 3 months, patients completed a questionnaire on their opinion towards potential redistribution of unused biologicals.ResultsFifty patients (42.0% male, mean age 53.2 ± 14.3 years) received 276 injectors. The mean storage time was 30.9 ± 33.1 days. Only 11.6% of the injectors were stored within the recommended temperature range. In addition, 11.2% were stored > 30 min below 0 °C and 33.2% were stored > 1 week above 8 °C. Of all patients, 95% would accept redistributed medication when product quality is ensured.ConclusionsDuring transport and home storage, only one in eight biological injectors was stored within the recommended temperature range. This hinders redistribution of unused injectors but also raises concern regarding drug effectiveness in immune‐mediated inflammatory disease patients.
Accuracy of octa‐polar bioelectrical impedance analysis for the assessment of total and appendicular body composition in children and adolescents with HIV: comparison with dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry and air displacement plethysmography
Authors: de Castro J. A. C. , de Lima L. R. A. , Silva D. A. S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundBody composition analysis has been used to investigate fat mass (FM) and bone mineral content (BMC) in children and adolescents diagnosed with HIV. Investigating the validity of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is interesting with respect to testing useful techniques for monitoring body composition in children and adolescents in clinical practice. The present study aimed to determine the validity of body composition analysis by BIA compared to dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) and air displacement plethysmography (ADP) in children and adolescents an HIV diagnosis.MethodsSixty‐four children and adolescents (35 females and 29 males) with a mean (SD) age of 12.22 (2.13) years and with an HIV diagnosis participated in the study. Fat‐free mass (FFM), FM and body fat percentage (%BF) were obtained by BIA for comparison with DXA and ADP. Segmented FM (trunk, legs and arms), lean soft tissue mass (LSTM) (total and segmented) and BMC were obtained by BIA for comparison with DXA.ResultsBIA presented a clinically acceptable correlation with DXA and ADP for FFM. Values found by BIA were underestimated compared to ADP, and overestimated compared to DXA. BIA presented a clinically acceptable correlation with DXA for LSTM estimates (total and segmented parameters) in both sexes (underestimating FM and overestimating LSTM). For other components (%BF, FM and BMC), BIA had a clinically unacceptable correlation with the reference methods in both sexes.ConclusionsBIA was suitable for evaluating FFM and LSTM in children and adolescents with an HIV diagnosis. For FM, %BF and BMC, BIA was not suitable for performing an evaluation in both sexes.
Outcomes with a posterior reduced dental arch: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Khan S. , Chikte U. M. , Omar R. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryTo compare function, patient satisfaction and quality of life of patients with a posterior reduced mandibular arch with those who had all missing teeth replaced with removable partial dentures. Patients with at least three and not more than six posterior occluding pairs of teeth were enrolled sequentially and randomised into one of two treatment groups: a denture and no‐denture group. A research assistant allocated interventions; concealment was ensured using opaque‐sealed envelopes. Analysis of data was performed in stages, adding samples of 10 incrementally, and stopping when the relevant statistical tests indicated a clear conclusion as judged by the power set at 80% or above. Study outcomes included patient satisfaction, function and survival of remaining teeth at 3 and 12 months post‐intervention, using a visual analogue scale and the Oral Impacts on Daily Performance). Statistical analysis was performed by the ‘intention‐to‐treat’ principle. Age range of included patients was 23–55 years (mean = 42·3; s.d. = 9·2), with 78% being females. Most patients (70%) belonged to the low‐ or no‐income group. Nine patients left the study, for different reasons. Primary outcomes for the denture group: 10% of the patients were not satisfied and 20% were unhappy with their function; for the no‐denture group: 85% of the patients (with 15% having left the study) were satisfied with both their function and their non‐denture status. Patients with posterior reduced mandibular dental arches reported greater perceived satisfaction, function and quality of life compared to those who had received a cobalt‐chrome clasp‐retained partial removable prosthesis.
Choosing the appropriate ShangRing size for paediatric circumcision using the no‐flip technique
Authors: Fang Li , Zhu Weichao , Xie Zhongfei , Wu Kerong , Wang Guoyao , Yan Zejun , Zheng Zhong , Ma Qi , Cheng Yue 
Published: August 2017

AimTo determine the correct ShangRing size for paediatric circumcision using the no‐flip technique.MethodsA cohort of 104 boys (from 6 to 14 years) underwent ShangRing circumcision at Ningbo First Hospital, China. The patients were randomly divided into three groups according to the different methods used for choosing the ring size. For Group A, the ring size was chosen using the ShangRing measuring tape; for Group B, ring size was chosen based on the diameter of penis measured using a self‐designed scale plate; and for Group C, ring size was chosen based on the diameter of the glans measured using the self‐designed scale plate. The surgery duration, foreskin dorsal slit rate, intra‐operative and post‐surgery pain score, pain duration, post‐surgery ring detachment duration, pain score for ring detachment, complication rate and satisfaction rate were compared.ResultsGroup A had the highest dorsal slit rate and the longest surgical period. There were no significant differences in intra‐/post‐surgery pain or ring detachment duration among the three groups. The post‐surgery oedema rate and foreskin asymmetry occurrence rate was the highest in Group A at 40.62 and 21.88%, respectively. Group C had the highest satisfaction rate (97.14%), with a significant difference from Group A (75.00%). Oedema and asymmetry of the foreskin increased, while the satisfaction rate simultaneously decreased when a larger ShangRing was chosen.ConclusionsThe size of the ShangRing should be chosen in accordance with the diameter of the glans in paediatric ShangRing circumcision using the no‐flip technique.
Comparison of sleep structure and psychometric profiles in patients with fibromyalgia, osteoarthritis and healthy controls
Authors: Yeung Wai K. , Morgan Kevin , Mckenna Frank 
Published: August 2017

SummaryWhile research indicates that both the macro‐ and microstructure of sleep may be altered in fibromyalgia syndrome, few studies have controlled for symptom duration or included pain‐control participants (i.e. patients with chronic pain and sleep disturbance not associated with fibromyalgia syndrome). A frequently reported alteration found in the sleep microstructure of patients with fibromyalgia syndrome is the alpha‐delta sleep anomaly. Although alpha waves have been observed during N3 sleep in healthy individuals, it has been proposed that there is an increase in alpha wave activity during slow‐wave sleep in fibromyalgia syndrome. Originally considered a possible neurological contribution to fibromyalgia syndrome, whether the alpha‐delta sleep anomaly is fundamental to the development of fibromyalgia syndrome, or results mainly from the pain experience remains unknown. The present study was designed to compare sleep macro‐ and microstructure, and psychometric profiles, in three broadly age‐matched groups of female participants: patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (n = 19); patients with osteoarthritis with sleep disturbance (n = 17); and healthy adults (n = 10). Patients with fibromyalgia syndrome met the American College of Rheumatology diagnostic criteria and were recruited within 6 months of diagnosis. Subjective sleep quality was significantly lowest, and levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms were significantly highest for patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. However, the groups showed no significant differences in polysomnographic measures of total sleep time, sleep latency and total wake after sleep onset. Levels of alpha‐delta sleep were statistically similar in both clinical (fibromyalgia syndrome and osteoarthritis) groups, indicating that it is not a specific abnormality of fibromyalgia syndrome. Overall, subjective measurements of anxiety, depression, fatigue and sleep quality better discriminated between the three groups than did objective measurements of sleep variables.
Care in the Context of a Chronic Epidemic: Caring for Diabetes in Chicago's Native Community
Authors: Pollak Margaret 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAmerican Indians have some of the highest rates of diabetes worldwide, and they are disproportionately affected by the secondary complications of the disease. While most research on Native populations focuses on reservations, this study investigates diabetes care in Chicago's Native community. People living with diabetes manage blood sugar levels to prevent the development of secondary complications. As with many diabetics, the majority of their health care work is completed outside of the biomedical setting. In this article, I explore how, in a community facing epidemic rates of disease, care is enmeshed in the everyday lives of not just those living with the disease but also significant others. As care in this context is accomplished across multiple spheres, from inside individual households to community‐wide considerations, Chicago's intertribal community ties are strengthened. Care, in this sense, becomes a (perhaps tragic) means of Native American community building tied to cultural identity.
Developing a program for enhancing youth HIV treatment adherence and risk reduction
Authors: Fongkaew Warunee , Udomkhamsuk Warawan , Viseskul Nongkran , Guptaruk Marisa 
Published: August 2017

AbstractYouth living with HIV face difficult and challenging situations that decrease their adherence to antiretroviral medications. In this study, we developed a pilot program to enhance HIV treatment adherence and risk reduction among youth living with HIV based on collaboration with a community hospital involving a multi‐disciplinary healthcare team. Participants were 25 youth living with HIV/AIDS, 18 caregivers, and 12 healthcare providers. The action research process comprised a preliminary stage and four phases of assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation. This program used “edutainment”, participatory learning, and multi‐disciplinary collaboration to improve HIV treatment adherence and HIV risk behavior knowledge, motivation, and behavior. Education aimed to improve knowledge of antiretroviral drugs and HIV risk‐taking behaviors. Motivation was directed at reframing beliefs and increasing positive attitudes of youth toward treatment adherence and raising awareness about safer sex behaviors. The behavioral skills focused on medication management in daily life activities, problem‐solving, refusal and negotiation, and condom use. Findings provided preliminary evidence that the program was practical in a clinical context in a community hospital.
Furthering knowledge of seaweed growth and development to facilitate sustainable aquaculture
Authors: Charrier Bénédicte , Abreu Maria Helena , Araujo Rita , Bruhn Annette , Coates Juliet C. , De Clerck Olivier , Katsaros Christos , Robaina Rafael R. , Wichard Thomas 
Published: August 2017

SummaryMacroalgae (seaweeds) are the subject of increasing interest for their potential as a source of valuable, sustainable biomass in the food, feed, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Compared with microalgae, the pace of knowledge acquisition in seaweeds is slower despite the availability of whole‐genome sequences and model organisms for the major seaweed groups. This is partly a consequence of specific hurdles related to the large size of these organisms and their slow growth. As a result, this basic scientific field is falling behind, despite the societal and economic importance of these organisms. Here, we argue that sustainable management of seaweed aquaculture requires fundamental understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms controlling macroalgal life cycles – from the production of germ cells to the growth and fertility of the adult organisms – using diverse approaches requiring a broad range of technological tools. This Viewpoint highlights several examples of basic research on macroalgal developmental biology that could enable the step‐changes which are required to adequately meet the demands of the aquaculture sector.
Refining moral agency: Insights from moral psychology and moral philosophy
Authors: Milliken Aimee 
Published: August 2017

AbstractResearch in moral psychology has recently raised questions about the impact of context and the environment on the way the human mind works. In a 2012 call to action, Paley wrote: “If some of the conclusions arrived at by moral psychologists are true, they are directly relevant to the way nurses think about moral problems, and present serious challenges to favoured concepts in nursing ethics, such as the ethics of care, virtue, and the unity of the person” (p. 80). He urges nurse ethicists and scholars to evaluate the impact these findings may have for moral theory.In this paper, I review some of Paley's (Nursing Philosophy, 13, 2012, 80) critique, focusing on the argument that theories of nursing ethics have failed to account for the role of context; both in terms of its impact on the way nurses make moral judgements and in terms of the environment's influence on the way the mind works. I then examine nursing literature on moral agency, and focus on the role of the environment and context play within existing theory. I argue that theories of moral agency have often accounted for the role of context on the way nurses make decisions; however, less attention has been paid to its impact on the mind. With this background, I use insights from the fields of moral philosophy and moral psychology to refine the conceptualization of nurse moral agency in a way that is reflective of current cognitive, philosophical and nursing practice‐based science.
Profits and prophets: Derrida on linguistic bereavement and (Im)possibility in nursing
Authors: Pesut Barbara 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe work of Jacques Derrida has received relatively little attention within nursing philosophy. Perhaps this is because Derrida is known best for deconstructing philosophy itself, a task he performed by making language unintelligible to make a point. This in itself makes his work daunting for nurses who do applied philosophy. Despite these difficulties, Derrida's focus on holding open a space for ideas, particularly those ideas that are invisible or unpopular, holds potential for enhancing the diversity of ideas within nursing. His work, liberally scattered with religious references, and focused on deconstructing language that served the profits of a few, earned him the characterization of a prophet without religion. This idea was further supported in the way his deconstruction attempted to keep spaces open for the un‐representable and its generativity in opening new possibilities in life. A deconstruction for generative purposes is particularly helpful within palliative care where language quickly takes on dogma in the face of mystery and where new possibilities support life amidst the irrevocable nature of death. In this article, I discuss Derrida's deconstructive approach of differance and then apply that approach to language common in palliative care.