bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quark-hadron duality violations and higher-order 1/mb corrections in inclusive semileptonic B decays
Authors: Mannel Thomas , Milutin Ilija S. , Verkade Rens , Vos K. Keri 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The theoretical description and data for inclusive semileptonic B decays have reached incredible precision. This motivated us to re-animate the discussion of possible Quark-Hadron Duality violations. There seems that there is currently no evidence of a failure of the Heavy Quark Expansion (HQE) used to compute observables for these decays. However, we might arrive at a point where an asymptotic behaviour of the HQE would limit a further increase of precision. We discuss this possibility and suggest a simple model, which can be used to study the effects of higher orders in the 1/mb expansion and possible quark-hadron duality violations. We devise observables sensitive only to such higher-order effects to test the behaviour of the HQE. Using these observables we obtain a first estimate of possible quark-hadron duality violations using the measured q2 moments.
The potential effects of deepfakes on news media and entertainment
Authors: Lundberg Ebba , Mozelius Peter 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDeepfakes are synthetic media, such as pictures, music and videos, created with generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) tools, a technique that builds upon machine learning and multi-layered neural networks trained on large datasets. Today, anyone can create deepfakes online, without any knowledge about the underpinning technology. This fact opens up creative opportunities at the same time as it creates individual and societal challenges. Some identified challenges are fake news, bullying, defamation, media manipulation and democracy damage. The aim of this study was to analyse and discuss how deepfakes could affect entertainment, education and digital news media in positive and negative ways. The chosen research strategy was a qualitative cross-sectional study to create a snapshot of current attitudes in blogs, online discussion fora and from a selected expert panel. Firstly, blogs and internet discussion fora on deepfakes and AI were analysed inductively. Secondly, results from the previous step were used to create a question scheme for semi-structured interviews with some selected experts that have relevant knowledge in the field of AI and deepfakes. Finally, interviews answered were analysed thematically using the Technology Affordances and Constraints Theory as an analytical lens. Findings show that deepfakes at the same time have a wide variety of affordances, but also some critical constraints to consider. In the affordance part, there are the potential use of deepfakes for speculative and provoking concepts, not only as entertainment, but also to illustrate educational scenarios that are hard or impossible to capture in traditional videos, images or sound recordings. Furthermore, there are many affordances for entertainment and the creation of environments where realism is not an important condition. Some examples are video game graphics, animated film background music in games and music videos. However, the conclusion is that the findings comprise more of constraints than of affordances, where the serious negative aspect of deepfakes can lead to psychological, financial and social harm. Many images and videos in news media have already been manipulated during the last decades, but deepfakes can take this to a new and more problematic level where the overall trust might disappear. The author’s recommendation is to further increase the focus on source criticism and that discussions on which sources to trust should be an early introduced part of educational programmes.
Development of bacterial resistance in Germany from 2008 to 2022 — major culprit pathogens, antibacterial drugs, and prescribing practices
Authors: Bindel Lilly Josephine , Seifert Roland 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRising bacterial resistance is a global threat, causing rising financial burdens on healthcare systems and endangering effective treatment of bacterial infections. To ensure the efficacy of antibacterial drugs, it is essential to identify the most dangerous pathogens and vulnerable antibacterial drugs. Previous research by our group suggested irrational outpatient prescribing practices in Germany, supporting a growing bacterial resistance. This study analyses developments and characteristics for the ten most prescribed antibacterial drugs in Germany from 2008 to 2022. Conclusions are based on the development of bacterial resistance levels and an analysis of correlations between pathogens. We identified cefuroxime axetil, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and nitrofurantoin as the most problematic drugs. Particularly problematic pathogens include E. faecalis, E. faecium, K. pneumoniae, and P. mirabilis. Besides increasing bacterial resistance, they are characterised by a high proportion of significant positive correlations, indicating a high potential for mutually reinforcing resistance development. Alarmingly, most of the antibacterial drugs analysed showed a growing resistance to at least one of the analysed pathogens. In most cases, the best treatment option is threatened by increasing bacterial resistance. We also identified several differences between current bacterial resistance data and therapeutic guidelines. In aggregate, our findings support irrational prescribing behaviour and underscore the urgent need for improved prescribing practices to counter rising bacterial resistance in Germany. Moreover, therapeutic guidelines for bacterial infections, the “holy grail” of pharmacotherapy, must be updated more frequently.
An easy and sensitive assay for acetohydroxyacid synthases based on the simultaneous detection of substrates and products in a single step
Authors: Engelhardt Annika , Ebeling Marco , Kaltenegger Elisabeth , Langel Dorothee , Ober Dietrich 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAcetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS, EC 2.2.1.6) catalyzes the first step in the synthesis of the branched-chain amino acids valine, leucine, and isoleucine, pathways being present in plants and microorganisms, but not in animals. Thus, AHAS is an important target for numerous herbicides and, more recently, for the development of antimicrobial agents. The need to develop new and optimized herbicides and pharmaceuticals requires a detailed understanding of the biochemistry of AHAS. AHAS transfers an activated two-carbon moiety derived from pyruvate to either pyruvate or 2-oxobutyrate as acceptor substrates, forming 2-acetolactate or 2-acetohydroxy-2-butyrate, respectively. Various methods have been described in the literature to biochemically characterize AHAS with respect to substrate preferences, substrate specificity, or kinetic parameters. However, the simultaneous detection and quantification of substrates and unstable products of the AHAS-catalyzed reaction have always been a challenge. Using AHAS isoform II from Escherichia coli, we have developed a sensitive assay for AHAS-catalyzed reactions that uses derivatization with ethyl chloroformate to stabilize and volatilize all reactants in the aqueous solution and detect them by gas chromatography coupled to flame ionization detection or mass spectrometry. This assay allows us to characterize the product formation in reactions in single and dual substrate reactions and the substrate specificity of AHAS, and to reinterpret previous biochemical observations. This assay is not limited to the AHAS-catalyzed reactions, but should be applicable to studies of many metabolic pathways.
Graphical Abstract
Influence of Ethnicity and Deprivation on Occurrence of Paget’S Disease in Greater Manchester, UK
Authors: Heald A. H. , Lu W. , Williams R. , McCay K. , Maharani A. , Cook M. J. , O’Neill T. W. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThere is important variation in the occurrence of Paget’s disease in different regions and populations. There are though few data concerning the occurrence of clinically diagnosed disease in black and ethnic minority groups in the United Kingdom (UK). We undertook an anonymised search using an integrated primary and secondary care-based database in Greater Manchester, covering a population of over 3 million people. We looked also among those with a first positive COVID test, the influence of Paget’s disease on subsequent admission to hospital within 28 days. Within our database, there were 534,571 people aged 60 years and over alive on 1 January 2020. The majority were white (84%) with 4.7% identifying as Asian or Asian British, and 1.27% Black or Black British. There were 931 with clinically diagnosed Paget’s disease. Overall prevalence in the greater Manchester area was 0.174%. Prevalence was higher in men than women (0.195 vs 0.155%). Compared to the prevalence of Paget’s in whites (0.179%) the prevalence was lower among those identifying as Asian or Asian British (0.048%) and higher among those identifying as Black or Black British (0.344%). Prevalence increased with increasing deprivation. Clinically diagnosed Paget’s disease is uncommon affecting 0.174% of men and women aged 60 or more years. Within Greater Manchester, it was more common in those identifying as Black or Black British and less common in those identifying as Asian or Asian British.
Mechanical strength of the rotator cuff and cable interface: a complete histological and biomechanical study
Authors: Fondin Maxime , Miroir Mathieu , Guillin Raphaël , Landreau Julien , Ghukasyan Gevorg , Fautrel Alain , Ropars Mickael , Morandi Xavier , Nyangoh Timoh Krystel , Le Cam Jean-Benoît 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study sought to evaluate the biomechanical properties of the interface between the rotator cuff and the semicircular humeral ligament or rotator cable (RCa) using histological and biomechanical techniques.

Methods
Out of 13 eligible cadaver specimens, 5 cadaver shoulders with an intact rotator cuff were included, 8 were excluded due to an injured rotator cuff. The histological study enables us to describe the capsule-tendon interface between the infraspinatus tendon (IST) or supraspinatus tendon (SST) and RCa, and to detect loose connective tissue layers to determine their precise location and measure their length along the interface. The biomechanical study sought to characterize and compare the mechanical strength of the IST-RCa versus SST-RCa interfaces.

Results
The average thickness of the RCa was 1.44 ± 0.20 mm. The histological study revealed a loose connective tissue layer at the IST-RCa interface, a finding not observed at the SST-RCa interface. The biomechanical study showed that the rigidity of the SST-RCa interface (72.10–2 N/mm) was 4.5 times higher than for the IST-RCa interface (16.10–2 N/mm) and the average maximum forces reached were 19.0 N and 10.6 N for the SST-RCa and IST- RCa interfaces, respectively.

Conclusion
The IST-RCa interface consists of a loose connective tissue layer contrary to the SST-RCa interface. In parallel, two different groups in terms of the mechanical response were identified: the IST-RCa interface group had less rigidity and ruptured more quickly than the SST-RCa interface, therefore emerging as the most vulnerable interface and explaining a potential extension of rotator cuff tears.
Long-term safety and efficacy of endovascular ultrasound renal denervation in resistant hypertension: 8-year results from the ACHIEVE study
Authors: Zeijen Victor J. M. , Völz Sebastian , Zeller Thomas , Mahfoud Felix , Kunz Michael , Kuck Karl-Heinz , Andersson Bert , Graf Tobias , Sievert Horst , Kahlert Philipp , Horesh-Bar Meital , Lenzen Mattie J. , Kardys Isabella , Daemen Joost 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Ultrasound renal sympathetic denervation (uRDN) reduces blood pressure (BP) in the absence and presence of antihypertensive treatment at 2 months. Beyond 3 years, there is a lack of follow-up data. This study investigated the long-term safety and efficacy of uRDN.

Methods
This prospective observational study recruited patients previously included in the international multicenter ACHIEVE study, with office systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥160 mmHg, 24 h ambulatory SBP ≥130 mmHg, ≥3 antihypertensive drugs and estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) ≥45 ml/min/1.73m2 undergoing uRDN. The primary efficacy outcome was 24 h ambulatory SBP, adjusted for the number of defined daily dosages (DDD) of antihypertensive drugs. Statistical analyses were performed using linear mixed-effects models and inverse probability weighting.

Results
A total of 27 out of the initially enrolled 96 patients underwent prospective follow-up at a median of 8.2 [7.6−8.9] years. Mean age was 62.6±9.3 years (37.0% female). Preprocedural 24 h ambulatory BP was 151.9/84.1±11.5/11.1 mmHg and the median number of DDDs was 5.0 [4.3−7.0]. At 8 years after uRDN, the change in 24 h ambulatory SBP was −19.5 [95%CI −26.7,−12.4] mmHg (p<0.001). The 8-year change in the number of DDDs was −1.7 [−2.8,−0.6] (p = 0.003). The 8-year decline in eGFR was −8.9 [−13.2,−4.7] ml/min/1.73m2 (p<0.001). Clinical event data were available for all 96 patients (median follow-up 3.5 [1.0–8.0] years). Renal failure occurred in one patient and no cases of renal artery stenosis were detected.

Conclusions
A significant BP reduction was observed up until 8 years following uRDN in parallel to a decrease in drug burden over time, in the absence of procedure-related adverse events.
Algorithms in acetabular fracture classifications
Authors: Gänsslen Axel , Tonetti Jerome , Pohlemann Tim 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAcetabular fractures are still challenging fractures. Fracture classification is the basis for understanding these injuries and to gain treatment and to choose a fracture type-based treatment concept. Using a systematic step-wise concept of fracture analysis, based on specific radiographic lines on standard X-rays allow even less experienced surgeons to get a correct classification of the elementary and associated fracture types of Letournel’s classification. Algorithmic analysis of the iliopectineal line, (anterior column involvement), ilioischial line (posterior column involvement), presence of a posterior wall fragment, fracture lines involving the iliac wing and inferior ramus, and the spur sign (representing associated both column fractures) allow for approximately 80–90% correct classifications using standard X-rays when integrating these lines into an algorithm. Especially, T-shaped fractures, ABC and ACPHT fractures may be difficult to classify. Thus, advanced imaging, such as CT scans with multiplanar reconstruction and 3D reconstructions is additionally recommended.
Reporting of somatic variants in clinical cancer care: recommendations of the Swiss Society of Molecular Pathology
Authors: Christinat Yann , Hamelin Baptiste , Alborelli Ilaria , Angelino Paolo , Barbié Valérie , Bisig Bettina , Dawson Heather , Frattini Milo , Grob Tobias , Jochum Wolfram , Nienhold Ronny , McKee Thomas , Matter Matthias , Missiaglia Edoardo , Molinari Francesca , Rothschild Sacha , Sobottka-Brillout Anna Bettina , Vassella Erik , Zoche Martin , Mertz Kirsten D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSomatic variant testing through next-generation sequencing (NGS) is well integrated into Swiss molecular pathology laboratories and has become a standard diagnostic method for numerous indications in cancer patient care. Currently, there is a wide variation in reporting practices within our country, and as patients move between different hospitals, it is increasingly necessary to standardize NGS reports to ease their reinterpretation. Additionally, as many different stakeholders—oncologists, hematologists, geneticists, pathologists, and patients—have access to the NGS report, it needs to contain comprehensive and detailed information in order to answer the questions of experts and avoid misinterpretation by non-experts. In 2017, the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics conducted a survey to assess the differences in NGS reporting practices across ten pathology institutes in Switzerland. The survey examined 68 reporting items and identified 48 discrepancies. Based on these findings, the Swiss Society of Molecular Pathology initiated a Delphi method to reach a consensus on a set of recommendations for NGS reporting. Reports should include clinical information about the patient and the diagnosis, technical details about the sample and the test performed, and a list of all clinically relevant variants and variants of uncertain significance. In the absence of a consensus on an actionability scheme, the five-class pathogenicity scheme proposed by the ACMG/AMP guideline must be included in the reports. The Swiss Society of Molecular Pathology recognizes the importance of including clinical actionability in the report and calls on the European community of molecular pathologists and oncologists to reach a consensus on this issue.
Possibility of determining high quantitative fecal occult blood on stool surface using hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Ikematsu Hiroaki , Takara Yohei , Nishihara Keiichiro , Kano Yuki , Owaki Yuji , Okamoto Ryuji , Fujiwara Takahisa , Takamatsu Toshihiro , Yamada Masayuki , Tomioka Yutaka , Takeshita Nobuyoshi , Inaba Atsushi , Sunakawa Hironori , Nakajo Keiichiro , Murano Tatsuro , Kadota Tomohiro , Shinmura Kensuke , Koga Yoshikatsu , Yano Tomonori 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Fecal immunochemical tests are commonly performed for colorectal cancer screening. Instant fecal occult blood measurement in toilet bowel movements would improve convenience. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) enables the nondestructive evaluation of materials that are difficult to assess visually. This study aimed to determine whether HSI could be used to identify fecal occult blood on stool surfaces.

Methods
The study included 100 patients who underwent colonoscopy, divided into groups A and B (50 patients, each) for creating a discriminant algorithm and validating the accuracy of the algorithm, respectively. In group A, 100 areas were randomly selected from the stool surface, and the fecal occult blood quantitative values were measured and photographed using a hyperspectral camera (cutoff: > 400 ng/mL). A discriminant algorithm image was created to extract spectral feature differences obtained from HSI via machine learning. In group B, 250 random areas were evaluated and compared to fecal occult blood quantitative values, measuring sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV).

Results
Groups A and B comprised 28 and 26 patients with cancer, respectively. Cancer detection sensitivity at the 400 ng/mL cutoff was 67.9% and 42.3% in groups A and B, respectively. The discriminant algorithm image exhibited high accuracy in group A (sensitivity; 77.1%, specificity; 96.9%, accuracy; 90.0%, PPV; 93.1%, NPV; 88.7%). In group B, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV, and NPV were 83.3, 92.9, 90.8, 76.3, and 95.3%, respectively.

Conclusion
HSI can effectively discriminate high quantitative fecal occult blood, highlighting its potential for improved colorectal cancer screening.
Temporary loop end ileostomy reduces the risk of stoma outlet obstruction: a comparative clinical study in patients undergoing restorative proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis
Authors: Ogino Takayuki , Sekido Yuki , Mizushima Tsunekazu , Fujii Makoto , Mori Ryota , Takeda Mitsunobu , Hata Tsuyoshi , Hamabe Atsushi , Miyoshi Norikatsu , Uemura Mamoru , Doki Yuichiro , Eguchi Hidetoshi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Stoma outlet obstruction (SOO) is a serious complication of restorative proctocolectomy (RPC) and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA). When the ileal mesentery to the pouch is under excessive tension, the ileum near the ileostomy twists easily, causing SOO. Loop-end ileostomy (EI) for fecal diversion was introduced in 2021 to prevent SOO, and we aimed to verify whether temporary EI reduces the incidence of SOO in RPC and IPAA patients relative to loop ileostomy (LI).

Methods
This study included 106 consecutive RPC and IPAA patients with a diverting ileostomy and categorized them into LI (n = 75) or EI (n = 31) groups. The clinical characteristics of the patients were analyzed and compared.

Results
Patient characteristics were similar between the groups, except for higher preoperative steroid use in the LI group (38.7%; p = 0.0116). There were no significant differences between the groups in anatomical factors, such as abdominal wall thickness and the height-adjusted distance between the root of the superior mesenteric artery and the bottom of the external anal sphincter. There were no significant differences in surgery-related factors, with ≥ 90% of the patients in each group undergoing laparoscopic procedures. A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that EI significantly reduced the risk of SOO relative to LI (OR, 0.18; 95% CI 0.03–0.92; p = 0.0399).

Conclusion
EI reduced SOO levels after RPC and IPAA and may be beneficial for cases in which anastomosis is challenging.
How mature is requirements engineering for AI-based systems? A systematic mapping study on practices, challenges, and future research directions
Authors: Habiba Umm-e- , Haug Markus , Bogner Justus , Wagner Stefan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) permeates all fields of life, which resulted in new challenges in requirements engineering for artificial intelligence (RE4AI), e.g., the difficulty in specifying and validating requirements for AI or considering new quality requirements due to emerging ethical implications. It is currently unclear if existing RE methods are sufficient or if new ones are needed to address these challenges. Therefore, our goal is to provide a comprehensive overview of RE4AI to researchers and practitioners. What has been achieved so far, i.e., what practices are available, and what research gaps and challenges still need to be addressed? To achieve this, we conducted a systematic mapping study combining query string search and extensive snowballing. The extracted data was aggregated, and results were synthesized using thematic analysis. Our selection process led to the inclusion of 126 primary studies. Existing RE4AI research focuses mainly on requirements analysis and elicitation, with most practices applied in these areas. Furthermore, we identified requirements specification, explainability, and the gap between machine learning engineers and end-users as the most prevalent challenges, along with a few others. Additionally, we proposed seven potential research directions to address these challenges. Practitioners can use our results to identify and select suitable RE methods for working on their AI-based systems, while researchers can build on the identified gaps and research directions to push the field forward.