bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who is affected by parental leave reforms? Women’s selection into different parental leave lengths across recent policy reforms in Germany
Authors: Bister Lara , Eibich Peter , Rutigliano Roberta 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPublic parental leave schemes aim to facilitate women’s reconciliation of family and employment after their transition into motherhood. While parental leave policies underwent several reforms over the past decades, adapting to changing female labour market participation and family cultures, the available entitlements are not tailored to women’s individual circumstances and needs. It remains unclear how these affect the women’s parental leave uptake, particularly the leave length. In this paper, we followed an exploratory and descriptive approach to study the selection of women into different parental leave lengths with changing public parental leave entitlements in Germany and according to their individual characteristics. We use data from the German Statutory Pension Fund on 29,001 women born between 1955 and 1984 who had their first child between 1991 and 2016 at the ages 20–39. We estimate linear regression and discrete-time proportional hazard models to examine associations between women’s characteristics and their length of leave. We identify the effects of two major parental leave reforms in Germany in 1992 and 2007 in a Regression Discontinuity Design. Our results show that the general extension of available parental leave entitlements in 1992 increased the likelihood of women’s parental leave uptake between 25 and 36 months. For women who became mothers at an older age, had a high income before transitioning into motherhood, or with higher education; however, the likelihood of parental leave uptake of 2 months increased. The reform of 2007 led to an increased likelihood of leave uptake longer than 2 months for these women. These findings suggest that women with a higher labour market attachment have responded more strongly to the changes in parental leave benefits in Germany.
Unveiling the dynamics of intraoperative contamination in total hip arthroplasty: the discrepancy between particulate and microbial contamination in surgical site infection risk
Authors: Tateiwa Toshiyuki , Masaoka Toshinori , Takahashi Yasuhito , Ishida Tsunehito , Shishido Takaaki , Yamamoto Kengo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Surgical site infection (SSI) is a major problem following total hip arthroplasty (THA). This study investigated the impact of a standard intraoperative routine where the surgical team wears full-body exhaust suits (space suits) within a laminar airflow (LAF)-ventilated operating room (OR) on environmental contamination. Our primary objective was to identify potential modifiable intraoperative factors that could be better controlled to minimize SSI risk.

Methods
We implemented an approach involving simultaneous and continuous air sampling throughout actual primary cementless THA procedures. This method concurrently monitored both airborne particle and microbial contamination levels from the time the patient entered the OR for surgery until extubation.

Results
Airborne particulate and microbial contamination significantly increased during the first and second patient repositionings (postural changes) when the surgical team was not wearing space suits. However, their concentration exhibited inconsistent changes during the core surgical procedures, between incision and suturing, when the surgeons wore space suits. The microbial biosensor detected zero median microbes from draping to suturing. In contrast, the particle counter indicated a significant level of airborne particles during head resection and cup press-fitting, suggesting these procedures might generate more non-viable particles.

Conclusions
This study identified a significant portion of airborne particles during the core surgical procedures as non-viable, suggesting that monitoring solely for particle counts might not suffice to estimate SSI risk. Our findings strongly support the use of space suits for surgeons to minimize intraoperative microbial contamination within LAF-ventilated ORs. Therefore, minimizing unnecessary traffic and movement of unsterile personnel is crucial. Additionally, since our data suggest increased contamination during patient repositioning, effectively controlling contamination during the first postural change plays a key role in maintaining low microbial contamination levels throughout the surgery. The use of sterile gowns during this initial maneuver might further reduce SSIs. Further research is warranted to investigate the impact of sterile attire on SSIs.
Effectiveness of hydrotherapy on pain and functional status of shoulder joint among individuals undergone intra-articular injections
Authors: Srinivasan Anandh , Kumar S. Senthil 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
The shoulder complex with its varied pathology responds differently from patient to patient and so, the best option for progression is a choice of rehabilitation. In the present post-COVID scenario, many patients are referred to acute and sub-acute shoulder pain and dysfunction. It is very difficult to predict the outcome of therapy. Some patients recover even without any modalities. Recurrent or adverse symptoms are also possible. Gender, other demographic features, physiological response, and progressive outcome need to be considered in rehabilitation. This study is intended to evaluate the short-term effects of hydrotherapy post-intra-articular injections of shoulder dysfunctions.

Aims and objectives
To evaluate the effectiveness of hydrotherapy during early rehabilitation of individuals who have undergone intra-articular injections of shoulder joint on pain and function.

Materials and methods
In this prospective study, we have studied a total of 59 cases within the age group of 40–70 years with idiopathic frozen shoulder, acromio-clavicular joint dysfunction, and grade-1 untreated rotator cuff injuries. Group A patients were treated with conventional shoulder exercises and group B patients were treated in a hydrotherapy pool. The chief aim was to obtain earlier pain relief with controlled movement patterns and earlier relief from functional disability. The Constant-Murley score (CMS–100 points scale) composing pain and functional parameters was the outcome measure.

Results
After confounding all the demographic factors, it was found that the experimental group B treated by hydrotherapy revealed a statistically extremely significant difference (p value < 0.0001) at the end of the first week as compared to the conventional group. The treatment protocol was continued for 5 weeks. More than 90% of patients in the hydrotherapy group felt it easier and exercise participation progression was best. Better progression and improvement of shoulder function were achieved in the hydrotherapy group compared to the conventional group.

Conclusion
From this study, we conclude that hydrotherapy during early management of shoulder dysfunctions post-intra-articular injections is safer and provides excellent relief from pain as early as the first week. Functional progression is better and avoids complications related to mobilization.
Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and psychometric testing of the STarT musculoskeletal tool into Yoruba language among persons with low back pain
Authors: Mbada Chidozie Emmanuel , Ariyo Olaide Elizabeth , Fasuyi Francis , Sonuga Ademola , Fatoye Clara Toyin , Gebrye Tadesse , Oyewole Olufemi Oyeleye , Fatoye Francis 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
The STarT Musculoskeletal (MSK) tool is a validated tool used to stratify patients with musculoskeletal disorder, as a guide to applying intervention and prognosticating outcomes. Only few translations and cultural adaptations of it exist. The availability of the tool in local and indigenous languages may help improve comprehensibility and usage among patients. This study was aimed to translate and cross-culturally adapt the STarT MSK tool into the Yoruba language, and to determine its psychometric properties.

Methods
The first stage of this study involved translation of the English STarT MSK into the the Yoruba language following the Beaton criteria. A total of 55 respondents with low- back pain attending a University Teaching Hospital participated in the validity testing, while 25 patients responded in the reliability test of the tool. The Quadruple Visual Analogue Scale (QVAS) and the Fear Avoidance Belief Questionnaire (FABQ) were used for the convergent and the discriminant validity of the tool.

Results
The mean age of the respondents was 52.13 ± 13.21 years. The Yoruba version of the STarT MSK (STarT MSK–Y) had an acceptable concurrent validity (r = 0.993; p = 0.001). The discriminant validity of STarT MSK–Y with FABQ yielded correlation co-efficient scores of r = 0.287; p = 0.034 and r = 0.033; p = 0.810 for FABQ-Work and FABQ-physical activities. The result indicated that STarT MSK–Y had fair discriminant validity with FABQ-work and a weak correlation with the FABQ-physical activities. The convergent validity of STarT MSK–Y indicated significant correlations with all domains and global score of the QVAS (r = 0.727; p = 0.001). The test- retest reliability and internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = α) of the STarT MSK–Y yielded ICC = 1.00 and α = 0.97 for the global score of the items, respectively. The factor loading for five items were satisfactory ranging from 0.46 to 0.83.

Conclusion
The STarT MSK–Y has acceptable validity and reliability and can be used as a valid assessment tool among Yoruba-
speaking patients with low back pain.
An Efficient Optimization Model and Tabu Search–Based Global Optimization Approach for the Continuous p-Dispersion Problem
Authors: Lai Xiangjing , Lin Zhenheng , Hao Jin-Kao , Wu Qinghua 
Published: October 2024

Continuous p-dispersion problems with and without boundary constraints are NP-hard optimization problems with numerous real-world applications, notably in facility location and circle packing, which are widely studied in mathematics and operations research. In this work, we concentrate on general cases with a nonconvex multiply connected region that are rarely studied in the literature due to their intractability and the absence of an efficient optimization model. Using the penalty function approach, we design a unified and almost everywhere differentiable optimization model for these complex problems and propose a tabu search–based global optimization (TSGO) algorithm for solving them. Computational results over a variety of benchmark instances show that the proposed model works very well, allowing popular local optimization methods (e.g., the quasi-Newton methods and the conjugate gradient methods) to reach high-precision solutions due to the differentiability of the model. These results further demonstrate that the proposed TSGO algorithm is very efficient and significantly outperforms several popular global optimization algorithms in the literature, improving the best-known solutions for several existing instances in a short computational time. Experimental analyses are conducted to show the influence of several key ingredients of the algorithm on computational performance. History: Accepted by Erwin Pesch, Area Editor for Heuristic Search & Approximation Algorithms. Funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72122006, 71821001, and 72471100] Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2023.0089 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2023.0089 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
RASO: an Ontology on Requirements for the Development of Adaptive Systems.
Authors: Peçanha Cássio Capucho , Duarte Bruno Borlini , Falbo Ricardo de Almeida , Souza Vitor E. Silva 
Published: October 2024

There is growing interest in software that can adapt their behavior todeal with deviations between their outcome and their requirements at runtime.A systematic mapping of the literature on self-adaptation approaches based on requirements models revealed over 200 papers on this subject. However, there is still a lack of a formal and explicit representation of the concepts in this domain, which can lead to problems in communication, learning, problem-solving and interoperability. To make a clear and precise description of this domain, this paper proposes RASO: the Requirements-based Adaptive Systems Ontology. RASOwas built using a well-established Ontology Engineering method, is grounded on a foundational ontology and reuses concepts from other software-related ontologies.The ontology was evaluated by mapping constructs from the most referenced approaches from the literature to its concepts, thus creating a path for interoperability among them.
Fundamentals of shade matching
Authors: Mackenzie Louis , Parmar Dipesh , Bonsor Stephen J 
Published: October 2024

With a move in contemporary restorative dentistry towards the provision of tooth-coloured restorations, the ability of the clinical team to achieve imperceptible shade matching between the (direct or indirect) restorative material and the dental hard tissues is highly desirable. The present article provides an overview of the physics of light, and how colours are perceived by the human eye. It then discusses the factors that affect the optical properties of natural teeth and dental restorative materials alike, and provides tips on how the clinician can achieve best results when ‘taking the shade.’ CPD/Clinical Relevance: The art of shade matching is a fundamental clinical skill in restorative dentistry to ensure that the best possible aesthetic outcome is achieved.
Tracheostomy tube changes by speech-language pathologists: a service review of an expanded scope of practice
Authors: Russell Scott M , Highsmith Lindsey ,   Grady Memorial Health System Group, Belagaje Samir , Henriquez Oswaldo , Moore Charles 
Published: October 2024

Background/Aims Patients in acute care who have received a tracheotomy require efficient management to adequately progress through the acute care setting. This progression is predicated on efficient tracheostomy weaning through tracheostomy downsizing, capping and decannulation. The objective of this retrospective study was to review the outcomes of tracheostomy tube changes by speech-language pathologists. Methods A retrospective cohort analysis was performed of adult patients who received a tracheostomy tube change during their acute care hospitalisation by speech-language pathologists during a 6-month span in 2022. A total of 38 consecutive referrals undergoing an initial tracheostomy tube change had their electronic medical records reviewed. Success was defined as the placement of the tracheostomy tube into the tracheal lumen with confirmation of placement with no adverse events. Complications were recorded at the time of the tracheostomy tube change. Results Speech-language pathologists performed 38 (100%) initial tracheostomy tube changes successfully at the bedside without complications. The primary referral services were trauma and neurology. The primary diagnoses were polytrauma with a traumatic brain injury and multiple trauma without a traumatic brain injury or spinal cord injury. The mean Glasgow Coma Scale score and number of intubations were 12.4 and 1.4 respectively. A total of 34 (89%) tracheostomy tube changes resulted in the downsizing of the tracheostomy tube, while the remainder of tracheostomy tube changes (n=4; 11%) maintained the same size but were cuffless. All the tracheostomy tube changes were completed without complications, and all patients were noted as stable after 24 hours. Conclusions The procedural success corroborates the data reported by an earlier study in the literature and further validates the efficacy of a competent and experienced speech-language pathologists' ability to perform low-risk tracheostomy tube changes in the acute setting. This study demonstrates real world data from a single large trauma centre of tracheostomy tube changes performed by speech-language pathologists. Such data better defines the emerging role expansion of speech-language pathologists in the acute care setting. Implications for practice This study has the potential to expand the discussion around speech-language pathologists changing tracheostomy tubes in the acute care setting for a low-risk cohort. The authors have outlined the requisite training that may serve as a resource for speech-language pathologists to develop procedural competency.
Paramedics at risk? How responding to a terror attack affects mental wellbeing
Authors: Tew Joanna , Ward Richard 
Published: October 2024

Background: Terror attacks have a significant impact on first responders’ wellbeing, with an associated risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Aims: To improve understanding of how responding to terror attacks affects paramedics’ mental health. Methodology: A literature search was carried out on databases using the PRISMA strategy. Critical appraisal tools were used alongside thematic analysis to appraise and synthesise the literature. Findings: Ten papers were identified. Themes arising regarding risks to responders included: the level of exposure, with the amount related to the risks of developing PTSD and psychopathology; and level of preparedness, with responders carrying out unfamiliar tasks and working outside the scope of practice as well as lacking education on the psychological impact of terror attacks. Conclusion: If paramedics are deployed into terror attack warm zones, policy needs to consider the associated psychological risk. Training should incorporate stress management techniques and education on the extreme emotions these practitioners may experience. More research specifically with the paramedic population is required to understand the risk posed to them and how this may be managed.
Insights and perceptions: Investigating pregnant women’s attitudes, understanding, and factors influencing knowledge regarding medication usage during pregnancy—A cross-sectional study
Authors: Al-khawlani Abdullah R. , Qasim Qutaiba A. , Halboup Abdulsalam M. , Thiab Samar , Zawiah Mohammed , Al-Ashwal Fahmi Y. 
Published: October 2024

Background
Medication use during pregnancy is a critical concern due to potential risks to both the mother and fetus. To the extent of our knowledge, there has been no prior research to assess medication use and identify the specific factors of pregnant women within the Yemeni community. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, beliefs, and practices of Yemeni pregnant women regarding medication use and assess the factors associated with the knowledge during pregnancy.

Methods
A cross-sectional multi-center study was conducted through face-to-face interviews using a validated structured questionnaire. The study was conducted on pregnant women receiving antenatal care at tertiary care hospitals in four governorates in Yemen. Univariable and multivariate logistic regressions were employed to examine the relationship between participant variables and their knowledge. A P-value of less than .05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
Out of the 1003 pregnant women, 35.4% (n = 355) were aged 21–25 years, 33.9% (n = 340) had primary education, 73.6% (n = 738) lived in urban areas, 12.2% (n = 122) were smokers, 38.3% (n = 384) reported chewing khat, and the majority (90.2%, n = 905) were unemployed. Also, 65.5% (n = 657) of the participants reported taking folic acid in their current pregnancy. A total of 2,623 medications were utilized during pregnancy, with 17.8% during the first trimester (n = 468). Around 39.3% (n = 1,037) of medications used fell under the blood and blood-forming organs category. Education level (AOR: 4.00, P < .001), insurance status (AOR: 1.71, P = .026), information about medication risks to the fetus (AOR: 1.96, P = .023), the use of folic acid either in a previous pregnancy (AOR: 1.65, P < .008) or in the current pregnancy (AOR: 4.26, P < .001), and checking the medication leaflet (AOR: 5.67, P < .001) were predictors of higher knowledge.

Conclusion
The findings underscore the pressing need for educational interventions aimed at pregnant women. By bridging knowledge gaps and promoting informed decision-making, such initiatives can contribute to a safer and healthier pregnancy journey, reducing the inclination towards self-medication.
On the behavior in time of the solutions to total variation flow
Authors: Porzio Maria Michaela , Riey Giuseppe 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper we study the regularity and the behavior in time of
the solutions to the Dirichlet problem for the total variation flow
in a bounded domain. We show that the regularity of the initial
datum influences the behavior and can produce extinction in finite
time and “immediately boundedness of the solutions”.
(L

p,λ,μ,L

q,λ,μ) boundedness of the G-fractional integral operator on G-Morrey spaces
Authors: Ibrahimov Elman J. , Jafarova Saadat A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper we find conditions for the boundedness of the strong and weak fractional integral and fractional maximal operator generated by Gegenbauer differential operator on G-Morrey spaces.
An Unconcluded Microhistory of Compensation: The Unfinished Recognition of the Racial Discrimination Endured by Jewish Prisoners of War in the French Army During Their Captivity in Germany
Authors: Richard Delphine 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDuring the Second World War, several thousands of Jews from France were detained on German territory as prisoners of war. Although many endured racial discrimination, they survived. This article will deal with this exceptional as well as largely unknown micro-history through the thorny issue of the recognition of their status as racial victims in the aftermath. On their return to the bloodless France of 1945, these survivors who had remained on the bangs of the genocide faced great material and moral difficulties. Although they were excluded from the legislation governing war victims in both France and the FRG, some of them tried to assert their rights on the grounds of antisemitic discrimination at the end of the 1950s. Their perseverance in the face of an initially hostile German administration enabled some prisoners of foreign origin to obtain compensation under the BEG Act. However, this recognition was not only imperfect, but also incomplete: their comrades of French origin remained excluded from French compensation legislation.
Statistics of ranks, determinants and characteristic polynomials of rational matrices
Authors: Afifurrahman Muhammad , Kuperberg Vivian , Ostafe Alina , Shparlinski Igor E. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We consider the set of

m
×
n

{m\times n}

matrices with
rational entries having numerator and denominator of size at most H and obtain various upper bounds on the number of
such matrices of a given rank, or with a given determinant, or a given characteristic polynomial.
We also consider similar questions for matrices whose entries are Egyptian fractions.