bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genealogy of Legal Research Methodology
Authors: Poddar Debasis 
Published: February 2025

Teaching methods in research methods remain the least-explored territory in the pedagogy of social studies discipline, more so in the course of professional legal education, while the same deserves attention in legal academics for a long back. In the curricula of new-generation higher education institutions in general, of premier national law universities in particular, the concerned course is named ‘legal method’ in the undergraduate programme and ‘research methodology’ in postgraduate programmes, including research programmes. The forthcoming effort concerns the latter, meant for the so-called postgraduate programme, something more often than not named by higher education institutions in India as ‘research methodology’. With discursive reasoning of his own, the author resorts to the following nomenclature, ‘Legal research methods’, and names his piece accordingly. The author explores all the major means and methods of legal research jointly and severally, thereby getting them clarified and classified in their nitty-gritty. Last yet not least, the author demonstrates technical differences between research methods and research methodology, thereby pleading for the justified usage of technical terms towards better precision, whenever and wherever they suit to technical sense of the terms. Besides, the author underscores the technical distinction between the pedagogy of legal methods for undergraduates in professional legal education and that of research methods for postgraduates in academic legal education, respectively. The intensity of research demanded by the highly specialised nature of legal studies today can only be achieved by a close regard to the detailed methodologies that have been worked out in the field of legal research.—C. G. Weeramantry. 2
Green Healthcare – Collective Wellbeing for People and Planet
Authors: Shroff Farah , Helaire Lumas 
Published: February 2025

Background As global climate change accelerates, the crisis of species survival invites holistic ways of knowing. There is a resurgence of engagement in Indigenous spiritual wellbeing systems as part of anti-colonial liberation movements. Green collective wellbeing systems (GreenCoWell) offer opportunities to heal both people and the planet, addressing the notion of separation between life forms. Objective We plan to study and elaborate upon 6 BIPOC health practices based on interconnection, including family constellation healing (Zulu nation, Southern Africa), fa (Ghana), yoga (India), shinrinyoku (Japan), Danza Azteca (Central America), and one practice to be identified in the course of the study. From a feminist, anti-racism and decolonial lens, our work aims to support ways of knowing which originate from the Global South and Indigenous communities. Methods Applying a participatory action research approach, we will blend qualitative and arts-based methods to portray 6 global GreenCoWell. Healers from each tradition will be interviewed separately and will engage in a collective dialogue on the desire, need, and methods for proliferating GreenCoWell systems. Results The results of this project will be a film, poems, stories, academic products, social media messages, and a manifesto emanating from the collective dialogue. Conclusion This mixed methods arts-based, feminist, anti-racism, and decolonial project brings together healers from 6 traditions, representing a novel approach to addressing climate change. Those who practice GreenCoWell engage in environmental conservation. Our long term aspiration is for more people to experience mental, physical, and spiritual wellbeing through these and related GreenCoWell and take action for climate justice.
The impact of sleeve gastrectomy on pulmonary function tests and physical activity one-year after surgery
Authors: Abbasi Mohammadmahdi , Mohammadzadeh Narjes , Shahi Mohammad Hossein Pourgharib , Soroush AhmadReza , Eslamian Reza , Mir Ali , Elyasinia Fezzeh , Talebpour Mohammad , Najjari Khosrow , Mahmoudabadi Hossein Zabihi , Pourfaraji Seyed Morteza 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Obesity can adversely impact respiratory function and limit physical activity (PA). Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is an essential and uptrend treatment option for weight loss. However, the effect of SG on pulmonary function and PA in patients with obesity is still debated.

Method
This is an observational study of 32 cases with obesity (BMI 43.86 ± 4.39) who underwent SG in a single center. Spirometry was performed before and 12 months after SG to investigate the pulmonary function of individuals. The main variables were forced expiratory volume (1s) (FEV1), Forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC ratio, and maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP). The correlation of weight loss variables with findings was evaluated.

Result
One year after surgery, patients lost an average of 23.42 kg (P <.001). The FEV1 and FVC were increased by 0.22 ml and 0.38 ml, respectively (p <.001). The absolute changes in FEV1 and FVS were significantly correlated with Total weight loss percentage (TWL). The 6-minute walking test (6MWT) results were significantly increased after surgery by 53.71 m (p <.001), and changes were correlated with TWL.

Conclusion
More than significant weight loss, the SG can also significantly improve the respiratory function and PA of individuals with obesity 12 months after surgery. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between weight loss and modification in lung function tests. The findings required studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up times to confirm and clarify.
The gender gap in academic surgery: the electronic health record
Authors: Bessen Sarah Y. , Tackett Sean , Jenks Carolyn M. , Stewart C. Matthew , Oliva-Hemker Maria , Lee Jennifer K. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The electronic health record (EHR) contributes to burnout, and excessive EHR work impedes productivity. The scope of potential gender discrepancies in EHR burden among surgeons is unclear. Because clinical operations and workflow vary by institution, EHR research must be conducted at multiple centers. Identifying modifiable factors that influence how surgeons use the EHR would support strategies that mitigate gender discrepancies. We hypothesized that gender differences in EHR use would be related to EHR support from clinical team members, patient message volume, and documentation length.

Methods
We retrospectively evaluated EHR use by surgeons from multiple specialties in eight departments at a large academic center from January to December 2023. Data about clinical and EHR workload were collected using a provider efficiency tracking tool. These data included the amount of time surgeons spent working in the EHR outside of regular work hours overall and on individual tasks such as responding to messages, clinical review, and orders; the number of messages received and their source; proficiency with documenting in the EHR; and receipt of assistance with EHR documentation and orders from clinical team members.

Results
EHR use was analyzed from 323 surgeons (32% women). After adjusting for specialty, women spent more time than men working in the EHR outside of scheduled clinical hours (mean difference: 7.8 min/day; p = 0.001) and 7 AM to 7 PM (3.8 min/day; p = 0.007) despite no difference in clinical workload. Women spent more time on notes (1.8 min/appointment; p < 0.001), messages (0.7 min/appointment; p = 0.004), and clinical review (0.6 min/appointment; p = 0.032) than men. However, there were no surgeon gender differences in clinical support for EHR work, number of patient messages, note length, or proficiency with the EHR.

Conclusion
Women surgeons had a greater EHR burden than men at our institution. Assuming 16 clinical days/month, 8 min/day of additional EHR work outside of scheduled clinical hours for women translates to approximately 26 h/year of lost time relative to men. Unequal EHR work may increase the gender gap in career advancement and exacerbate burnout for women. Future research should include prospective multi-center trials to clarify the extent of the surgical EHR gender gap.
Effects of robot-assisted gait training within 1 week after stroke onset on degree of gait independence in individuals with hemiparesis: a propensity score-matched analysis in a single-center cohort study
Authors: Kato Daisuke , Hirano Satoshi , Imoto Daisuke , Ii Takuma , Ishihara Takuma , Matsuura Daisuke , Maeda Hirofumi , Wada Yoshitaka , Otaka Yohei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) is an effective method for treating gait disorders in individuals with stroke. However, no previous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of RAGT in individuals with acute stroke. This study aimed to investigate the effects of RAGT initiation within 1 week after onset on degree of gait independence in individuals with hemiparetic stroke.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study used propensity-score matching. Individuals admitted to Fujita Health University Hospital after stroke onset and underwent RAGT between March 2017 and June 2023 were enrolled. Ninety-two individuals were eligible and grouped into the acute (≤ 7 days after the onset) and subacute groups (8–90 days after onset). RAGT was conducted using Welwalk, primarily comprising a knee–ankle–foot orthosis type robot worn on one paralyzed lower extremity, with training sessions lasting approximately 40 min/day, occurring 3–7 days/week. The primary outcome was the gait under supervision within 90 days of onset, which was compared between groups using the log-rank test.

Results
After propensity-score matching, 36 individuals were included in the analysis, including 18 each in the acute and subacute groups; the participant demographics were not significantly different between the groups. RAGT was initiated at a median of 6 and 25 days after onset in the acute and subacute groups, respectively. The Kaplan–Meier curves after the log-rank test showed a significantly higher percentage and shorter median days to achieve gait under supervision in the acute group than in the subacute group. The cumulative incidence of gait under supervision events at 90 days after onset was 82.2% and 55.6% in the acute and the subacute groups, respectively. Half of the individuals achieved gait under supervision within 49 days and 75 days in the acute and subacute groups, respectively (p = 0.038). No significant differences were observed in the dose of rehabilitation program and gait training per day from onset to achieving gait under supervision.

Conclusion
Initiation of RAGT within 1 week after stroke onset in individuals with hemiparesis may reduce the number of days required to achieve gait under supervision and increase the percentage of gait under supervision.
Decoding chromosomal instability insights in CRC by integrating omics and patient-derived organoids
Authors: Papaccio Federica , Cabeza-Segura Manuel , García-Micó Blanca , Gimeno-Valiente Francisco , Zúñiga-Trejos Sheila , Gambardella Valentina , Gutiérrez‐Bravo María Fernanda , Martinez‐Ciarpaglini Carolina , Rentero‐Garrido Pilar , Fleitas Tania , Roselló Susana , Carbonell-Asins Juan Antonio , Huerta Marisol , Moro-Valdezate David , Roda Desamparados , Tarazona Noelia , Sánchez del Pino Manuel M. , Cervantes Andrés , Castillo Josefa 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is involved in about 70% of colorectal cancers (CRCs) and is associated with poor prognosis and drug resistance. From a clinical perspective, a better knowledge of these tumour’s biology will help to guide therapeutic strategies more effectively.

Methods
We used high-density chromosomal microarray analysis to evaluate CIN level of patient-derived organoids (PDOs) and their original mCRC tissues. We integrated the RNA-seq and mass spectrometry-based proteomics data from PDOs in a functional interaction network to identify the significantly dysregulated processes in CIN. This was followed by a proteome-wGII Pearson correlation analysis and an in silico validation of main findings using functional genomic databases and patient-tissues datasets to prioritize the high-confidence CIN features.

Results
By applying the weighted Genome Instability Index (wGII) to identify CIN, we classified PDOs and demonstrated a good correlation with tissues. Multi-omics analysis showed that our organoids recapitulated genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic CIN features of independent tissues cohorts. Thanks to proteotranscriptomics, we uncovered significant associations between mitochondrial metabolism and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in CIN CRC PDOs. Correlating PDOs wGII with protein abundance, we identified a subset of proteins significantly correlated with CIN. Co-localisation analysis in PDOs strengthened the putative role of IPO7 and YAP, and, through in silico analysis, we found that some of the targets give significant dependencies in cell lines with CIN compatible status.

Conclusions
We first demonstrated that PDO models are a faithful reflection of CIN tissues at the genetic and phenotypic level. Our new findings prioritize a subset of genes and molecular processes putatively required to cope with the burden on cellular fitness imposed by CIN and associated with disease aggressiveness.
Shared environments complicate the use of strain-resolved metagenomics to infer microbiome transmission
Authors: Debray Reena , Dickson Carly C. , Webb Shasta E. , Archie Elizabeth A. , Tung Jenny 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
In humans and other social animals, social partners have more similar microbiomes than expected by chance, suggesting that social contact transfers microorganisms. Yet, social microbiome transmission can be difficult to identify based on compositional data alone. To overcome this challenge, recent studies have used information about microbial strain sharing (i.e., the shared presence of highly similar microbial sequences) to infer transmission. However, the degree to which strain sharing is influenced by shared traits and environments among social partners, rather than transmission per se, is not well understood.

Results
Here, we first use a fecal microbiota transplant dataset to show that strain sharing can recapitulate true transmission networks under ideal settings when donor-recipient pairs are unambiguous and recipients are sampled shortly after transmission. In contrast, in gut metagenomes from a wild baboon population, we find that demographic and environmental factors can override signals of strain sharing among social partners.

Conclusions
We conclude that strain-level analyses provide useful information about microbiome similarity, but other facets of study design, especially longitudinal sampling and careful consideration of host characteristics, are essential for inferring the underlying mechanisms of strain sharing and resolving true social transmission network.
Career choice motivation, academic and social integration, and their relationship with intention to drop out of vocational teacher training
Authors: Stellmacher Anne , Franz Sebastian , Paetsch Jennifer 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Not every student who enrolls in a teacher training program completes it and obtains a degree. Students dropping out of vocational teacher training is a particularly concerning trend in Germany, where there is a significant shortage of vocational education and training (VET) teachers. Against this backdrop, it is crucial to understand why students fail to complete their teacher training programs. Using data from the student cohort of the National Educational Panel Study in Germany, this study examines the career choice motivation, academic and social integration, and their relationship with the intention to drop out of 114 students in a VET teacher training program. Additionally, the study explores whether the relationship between career choice motivation and dropout intention of VET teacher training is mediated by academic and social integration, which are established predictors of drop out. We found that extrinsic motivation was positively linked to dropout intention, while intrinsic motivation showed a negative association with dropout intention. No significant relationships were found between academic or social integration and dropout intention.
Preoperative diagnosis of meningioma sinus invasion based on MRI radiomics and deep learning: a multicenter study
Authors: Gui Yuan , Hu Wei , Ren Jialiang , Tang Fuqiang , Wang Limei , Zhang Fang , Zhang Jing 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
Exploring the construction of a fusion model that combines radiomics and deep learning (DL) features is of great significance for the precise preoperative diagnosis of meningioma sinus invasion.

Materials and methods
This study retrospectively collected data from 601 patients with meningioma confirmed by surgical pathology. For each patient, 3948 radiomics features, 12,288 VGG features, 6144 ResNet features, and 3072 DenseNet features were extracted from MRI images. Thus, univariate logistic regression, correlation analysis, and the Boruta algorithm were applied for further feature dimension reduction, selecting radiomics and DL features highly associated with meningioma sinus invasion. Finally, diagnosis models were constructed using the random forest (RF) algorithm. Additionally, the diagnostic performance of different models was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and AUC values of different models were compared using the DeLong test.

Results
Ultimately, 21 features highly associated with meningioma sinus invasion were selected, including 6 radiomics features, 2 VGG features, 7 ResNet features, and 6 DenseNet features. Based on these features, five models were constructed: the radiomics model, VGG model, ResNet model, DenseNet model, and DL-radiomics (DLR) fusion model. This fusion model demonstrated superior diagnostic performance, with AUC values of 0.818, 0.814, and 0.769 in the training set, internal validation set, and independent external validation set, respectively. Furthermore, the results of the DeLong test indicated that there were significant differences between the fusion model and both the radiomics model and the VGG model (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
The fusion model combining radiomics and DL features exhibits superior diagnostic performance in preoperative diagnosis of meningioma sinus invasion. It is expected to become a powerful tool for clinical surgical plan selection and patient prognosis assessment.
openSSS: an open-source implementation of scatter estimation for 3D TOF-PET
Authors: José Santo Rodrigo , Salomon André , W. A. M. de Jong Hugo , Stute Simon , Merlin Thibaut , Beijst Casper 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Scatter correction is essential for quantitative and accurate time-of-flight (TOF) PET imaging. It is implemented by an accurate scatter estimation algorithm, to calculate the statistical distribution of scattered photons among the measured coincidences. However, to our knowledge, scatter estimation algorithms that account for TOF and that are compatible with custom geometries are not available in open-source reconstruction libraries, such as CASToR and STIR. To this end, we have developed an open-source implementation of the TOF-aware single-scatter-simulation (SSS) algorithm: openSSS.

Results
openSSS is validated on NEMA phantoms and patient data, for three PET geometries, compared to Monte-Carlo simulations and two proprietary vendor-specific reconstruction platforms. The reconstructed images have similar contrast recovery and background variability, deviating by up to 3.7%-point on contrast recovery and 1.8 on background variability and looking visually similar.

Conclusion
We have developed and validated an open-source scatter estimation library to complement reconstruction frameworks. By enabling vendor-independent clinical-grade reconstructions on custom scanner geometries, openSSS represents a crucial step in transparent research on quantitative PET and novel PET scanner designs.
Delay in detection of urethral catheter misplacement in the vagina of an older adult patient due to urinary outflow during catheterization: a case report
Authors: Shio Hisashi , Setsu Takao , Takagaki Tomonobu , Adachi Hiroshi , Kiuchi Makoto , Tsubokura Hideyuki 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
To our knowledge, no previous case report explicitly shows that urethral catheter misplacement in the vagina cannot be ruled out even if urinary outflow is observed during catheterization.

Case presentation
A 70-year-old female underwent urethral catheterization during induction of general anesthesia for hemiarthroplasty using a bipolar hip prosthesis. Although the urethral meatus could not be visualized, urinary outflow was observed. However, drainage subsequently stopped, and the catheter was eventually found to have been misplaced in the vagina. Detection of the catheter misplacement was delayed because of the assumption that no urinary outflow occurs when the catheter is misplaced in the vagina.

Conclusion
Even if urinary outflow is observed during female urethral catheterization, catheter misplacement in the vagina cannot be ruled out; therefore, catheter misplacement in the vagina must be verified in patients for whom the urethral meatus cannot be identified for catheter insertion or when drainage stops.
Breast, Colorectal, and Pancreatic Cancer Mortality With Pathogenic Variants in
ATM
,
CHEK2
, or
PALB2
Authors: Veenstra Christine M. , Abrahamse Paul , Hamilton Ann S. , Ward Kevin C. , Gomez Scarlett L. , Liu Lihua , Katz Steven J. , Hofer Timothy P. , Kurian Allison W. 
Published: February 2025

PURPOSE

Oncologists encounter patients with pathogenic variants (PVs) in
ATM
,
CHEK2
, or
PALB2
, but little is known about their cancer mortality.

METHODS
Patients who were 20 years or older, diagnosed in 2013-2019 with breast, colorectal, or pancreatic cancer, and reported to SEER registries in California and Georgia were linked to germline genetic testing results from four clinical laboratories and followed through 2021. Multivariable models of cancer mortality were fit; for each cancer, the reference group was the average hazard across all genetically tested patients with that diagnosis. Each cancer was modeled separately, followed by a single model that interacted the cancer type with all covariates. In addition to fixed effects models, random effects models were used as a regularization approach to reduce overfitting.

RESULTS

A total of 70,272 tested patients with breast (48,473 estrogen receptor–/progesterone receptor–positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–negative; 9,957 HER2-positive; 11,842 triple-negative) cancer, 5,822 with colorectal cancer, and 1,861 with pancreatic cancer were analyzed; the mean follow-up was 3.9 years. Patients with
ATM
,
CHEK2
, or
PALB2
PVs had no differences in breast, colorectal, or pancreatic cancer mortality. Patients with
ATM
PVs in triple-negative breast cancer appeared to have higher mortality in fixed effects models (hazard ratio [HR], 3.7 [95% CI, 1.8 to 7.8]), but not in random effects models (HR, 1.2 [95% CI, 0.8 to 1.6]) that reduce overfitting. Patients with
BRCA1
/
2
PVs had lower triple-negative breast cancer mortality in both models (fixed HR, 0.6 [95% CI, 0.5 to 0.9], random HR, 0.7 [95% CI, 0.6 to 0.8]). Patients with Lynch syndrome gene PVs had lower colorectal cancer mortality in both models (fixed HR, 0.5 [95% CI, 0.4 to 0.8], random HR, 0.7 [95% CI, 0.5 to 0.9]).

CONCLUSION

Patients with
ATM
,
CHEK2
, or
PALB2
PVs had similar breast, colorectal, and pancreatic cancer mortality to the average genetically tested patient with their cancer type.