bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SIRT1 and FOXO1 role on MASLD risk: effects of DHA-rich n-3 PUFA supplementation and exercise in aged obese female mice and in post-menopausal overweight/obese women
Authors: Yang Jinchunzi , Félix-Soriano Elisa , Martínez-Gayo Alejandro , Ibañez-Santos Javier , Sáinz Neira , Martínez J Alfredo , Moreno-Aliaga María J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSirtuins 1 (SIRT1) and Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) expression have been associated with obesity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Exercise and/or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation have shown beneficial effects on MASLD. The current study aims to assess the relationships between Sirt1, Foxo1 mRNA levels and several MASLD biomarkers, as well as the effects of DHA-rich n-3 PUFA supplementation and/or exercise in the steatotic liver of aged obese female mice, and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of postmenopausal women with overweight/obesity. In the liver of 18-month-old mice, Sirt1 levels positively correlated with the expression of genes related to fatty acid oxidation, and negatively correlated with lipogenic and proinflammatory genes. Exercise (long-term treadmill training), especially when combined with DHA, upregulated hepatic Sirt1 mRNA levels. Liver Foxo1 mRNA levels positively associated with hepatic triglycerides (TG) content and the expression of lipogenic and pro-inflammatory genes, while negatively correlated with the lipolytic gene Hsl. In PBMCs of postmenopausal women with overweight/obesity, FOXO1 mRNA expression negatively correlated with the hepatic steatosis index (HSI) and the Zhejiang University index (ZJU). After 16-weeks of DHA-rich PUFA supplementation and/or progressive resistance training (RT), most groups exhibited reduced MASLD biomarkers and risk indexes accompanying with body fat mass reduction, but no significant changes were found between the intervention groups. However, in PBMCs n-3 supplementation upregulated FOXO1 expression, and the RT groups exhibited higher SIRT1 expression. In summary, SIRT1 and FOXO1 could be involved in the beneficial mechanisms of exercise and n-3 PUFA supplementation related to MASLD manifestation.
A scoping review of current research on social media use among children and adolescents
Authors: Jungselius Beata 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis scoping review provides an overview of the conduct, origin and distribution of previous peer-reviewed research on children’s and adolescents’ social media use. Searches were conducted in electronic databases Scopus, Web of Science, and ACM Digital Library, identifying 244 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The review reveals a steady increase in publications over the years, with most originating from the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and Canada. Among these studies, 174 employ quantitative methods, 30 utilize qualitative approaches, 19 use mixed methods, and 21 are review studies. The research predominantly falls within the disciplines of medicine and health, and psychology. The findings highlight a significant imbalance between qualitative and quantitative research, with quantitative, cross-sectional studies relying on self-reported questionnaire results being the most common. However, quantitative studies do not adequately capture the details of the complex and varied nature of social media use, nor do the common cross-sectional nature of those studies enable insights to be drawn on changes and variations over time or establish causal relationships. This scoping review reveals a growing interest in this topic, but also highlights the need for greater geographical and disciplinary diversity, varied methodological approaches, and more heterogeneous participant involvement in future research. This review suggests a pressing need for more empirical, qualitative research that examines situated social media use from the perspectives of children and adolescents. Moreover, additional longitudinal studies are necessary to offer causal explanations and a deeper understanding of the evolving dynamics of social media use among younger populations.
An outbreak after all: Cutibacterium acnes among pediatric patients with cerebrospinal fluid diversion device infections highlights gaps in guidelines
Authors: Scaggs Huang Felicia , Griffin Cameron , Fenchel Matthew , DuBose Melanie , Ankrum Andrea , Schaffzin Joshua K. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective:
Cutibacterium acnes is normal skin flora but can cause sterile implant infections. We investigated a cluster of seven patients with C. acnes in anaerobic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures in November 2020. Further analysis identified a missed outbreak, highlighting ambiguity in diagnosis of indolent organisms in the 2017 IDSA meningitis guidelines.

Design:
Outbreak investigation.

Setting:
Quaternary pediatric facility.

Patients:
A case was defined as a hospitalized patient with C. acnes isolated from CSF culture from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2022.

Methods:
We defined comparison periods based on timing of C. acnes culture positivity as 1) pre-outbreak (2016–2020), 2) outbreak (2020–2021), and 3) post-outbreak (2022). Rates of C. acnes positive cultures per 1000 CSF cultures and rate ratios were calculated by comparison periods.

Results:
We identified 9 positive C. acnes CSF cultures among 7 cases November 10–27, 2020, all with at least 1 CSF diversion device. The anaerobic culture media was substituted at the time of case cluster. In 2021, the culture media was implemented permanently with no increase in C. acnes culture positivity. The rate of C. acnes positive CSF cultures and rate ratio increased in the outbreak period (p=0.01) compared to pre-outbreak and post-outbreak periods. There was no difference between the pre- and post-outbreak periods.

Conclusions:
Retrospective analysis of CSF culture data led to reclassifying a C. acnes pseudo-outbreak as a true outbreak in CSF diversion devices at our institution. Clearer guidance is needed to delineate the role of C. acnes in CSF diversion device infections.
Testimonial Compression
Authors: Reverman Elisa C. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper introduces the idea of testimonial compression, which I introduce as the audience enforcement of how testifiers may engage in testimonial exchange. More specifically, testimonial compression occurs when an audience requires the speaker to engage in the limited format of simple testimony. Using examples of dialogue from healthcare settings and scholarship on health communication, I illustrate the concept further. Dimensions of testimonial compression include its directness, the roles of audience enforcement and testifier resistance, the fuzziness surrounding structural and agential aspects, and ways in which compression can be negotiated between interlocutors. I further detail some rippling effects of testimonial compression, including impacts of patient-provider communication and the potential for epistemic harms (specifically informational and participatory prejudices). While testimonial compression is not unique to healthcare contexts, many contextual factors specific to medical discourse make testimonial compression especially useful.
Between Economic Nationalism and Liberalization: Ideas of Development and the Neoliberal Moment in Mobutu's Congo, 1965–74
Authors: Vale Peter 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn January 1967, under the infamous military head Joseph-Désiré Mobutu, the Democratic Republic of Congo nationalized its mining industry based on anticolonial rhetoric of “economic sovereignty.” Only two years later, the same Mobutu government welcomed foreign companies and investors with open arms to the inaugural Foire Internationale de Kinshasa. Even at this crucial postcolonial moment when ideas of economic independence and self-sufficiency had become so highly valued, an attachment to — even affinity towards — foreign capital persisted throughout Congolese politics. This article explores the political and intellectual tensions that arose from the postcolonial utilization of foreign capital for state consolidation and synthesizes these contradictions into a broader understanding of early development approaches in Mobutu's Congo. In contrast to those who have framed the Congolese leader's ideology as a rearticulation of colonial logics or the authoritarian whims of an individual, I argue that these early notions of Mobutist development should be understood as a kind of “worldmaking,” emerging from an anticolonial ideology that asserted Congo’s economic sovereignty while simultaneously inserting itself into the global streams of finance. By tracing the Mobutu government's fluctuating relationship to foreign finance, this research offers a longer history of the “neoliberal moment” in Congo — one in which the intellectual underpinnings for liberalization had percolated in Congolese nationalist politics for several decades.
English-medium education and the perpetuation of girls’ disadvantage
Authors: Hultgren Anna Kristina , Upadhaya Anu , O'Hagan Lauren , Wingrove Peter , Adamu Amina , Greenfield Mari , Lombardozzi Lorena , Sah Pramod K. , Tsiga Ismaila A. , Umar Aishat , Wolfenden Freda 
Published: September 2024

In our community, girls do not need this [English-medium education].Interview with male teacherNepal is classified as a low-middle income country (World Bank, 2023), and like other such countries, it is under international pressure to attain gender equality targets in order to receive international aid. However, Nepal is also permeated by widespread perceptions that girls are subordinate to boys, which influences girls’ access to education, information, health and the labour market (Upadhaya & Sah, 2019). Women face restrictions in terms of their basic ability to ‘independently venture outside the household, maintain the privacy of their bank accounts, use mobile phones, or become employed’ (Karki & Mix, 2022: 413). Illiteracy disproportionately affects females, with 58.95% of illiterates being women and girls (UNESCO, 2021). Notwithstanding this, recent years have seen some progress in enhancing gender equality in Nepal, and females currently enjoy higher enrolment rates than males across secondary education (UNESCO, 2023). This article, however, provides evidence that the recent trend to offer English-medium education risks setting back progress made by creating a gender-differentiated system that could yield different outcomes for boys and girls and potentially restrict girls’ future trajectories post school and contribute to broader gender inequality in society.
Production of English vowel duration by multilingual speakers of Namibian English
Authors: Haapanen Katja , Saloranta Antti , Peltola Kimmo U. , Tamminen Henna , Uwu-khaeb Lannie , Peltola Maija S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine spoken Namibian English by investigating how multilingual Namibian speakers produce vowel durations in pre-lenis and pre-fortis positions, and how those vowel durations compare to British English vowel durations in the same words. In British English and most other English varieties, vowel duration is affected by the voicing of the following consonant, so that vowels preceding phonologically voiced consonants are longer (pre-lenis lengthening) and vowels preceding phonologically voiceless consonants are shorter (pre-fortis clipping). The production data was collected using orthographic stimuli that were monosyllabic English words with voiced and voiceless final consonants after the target vowels. The data were collected from 14 multilingual Namibian English speakers. The vowel durations produced by the speakers in pre-lenis and pre-fortis position were first compared to each other and then to those produced by nine British English speakers in an earlier study. The results showed that the pre-lenis vowels were clearly longer than the pre-fortis vowels, and there were no differences between Namibian and British English vowel durations in most of the tested words. The results offer new insights into the realization of vowel duration in pre-lenis and pre-fortis positions in Namibian English.
Reflection of Storm Surge and Tides in Convergent Estuaries With Dams, the Case of Charleston, USA
Authors: Dykstra Steven L. , Talke Stefan A. , Yankovsky Alexander E. , Torres Raymond , Viparelli Enrica 
Published: September 2024

AbstractConvergent estuaries have been shortened by dam‐like structures worldwide. Here, we evaluate 31 long‐term water level stations and use a semi‐analytical tide model to investigate how landward‐funneling and a dam influence tidal and storm surge propagation in the greater Charleston Harbor region, South Carolina, where three rivers meet: the Ashley, Cooper, and Wando. Results show that the phase speed and amplification of the principal tidal harmonic (M2) is larger than other long waves such as storm surge (∼1–4 days) and setup‐setdown (∼4–10 days). Further landward, all waves attenuate, but, as they approach the dam on the Cooper River, a frequency dependent response in amplitude and phase progression occurs. A semi‐analytical tidal model shows that funneling and the presence of a dam amplify tidal waves through wave interference from partial and full reflection, respectively. The different phase progressions of the reflected waves interact with the incident wave to increase or decrease the summed overall wave amplitude. Using a friction‐convergence parameter space, we demonstrate that dominant tides in 23 estuaries and the tidal, storm surge, and setup‐setdown waves in the Cooper River can be delineated into three regimes that describe landward amplification or attenuation associated with funneling, a dam, or both. The regime of each tidal constituent is consistent but can change with the duration and height of each storm surge event; dam associated wave interference can attenuate long‐duration events, while the most intense events (short duration, high water) are amplified by dams more than funneling and greatly increase flood exposure.
Bed Texture and Topographic Response to Increased Sediment Supply: The Sand Bed Case
Authors: Leonard Christina M. , Wilcock Peter R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWhen water and sediment supply to a river change, the short‐term channel response will be a combination of adjustments in bed grain size (texture) and the accumulation or evacuation of sediment in the channel (topography). This response is well documented for gravel bed rivers, but little attention has been given to sand bed rivers, the focus of this paper. If the channel response is predominantly textural, subsequent changes in channel geometry may be minor. If the channel response is predominately aggradation or degradation, long‐term changes in channel dimension, planform, and slope may occur. Here, we use a mixed‐size morphodynamic model to explore the interaction between the textural and topographic responses to an increase in sediment supply in sand bed rivers. First, we consider how the steady‐state transport condition varies as a function of sediment supply rate and grain size. We then evaluate the path to steady‐state using numerical morphodynamic experiments. We find that bed aggradation in response to an increase in sediment supply can be reduced, eliminated, or even reversed depending on the sediment supply grain size. The path to the new steady‐state condition involves two adjustment phases: the first is textural‐dominated, and the second is topography‐dominated. Under the common condition of an increased supply of finer sediment, rapid textural adjustments can produce a transport capacity that is a large fraction of the new supply rate long before the system has reached complete equilibrium. Under conditions of supply coarsening, the initial textural adjustment is less dominant, and aggradation is immediate.
A Nationwide Analysis of Community‐Level Floodplain Development Outcomes and Key Influences
Authors: Agopian Armen , Hino Miyuki , Siders A. R. , Samoray Christopher , Mach Katharine J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDevelopment patterns and climate change are contributing to increasing flood risk across the United States. Limiting development in floodplains mitigates risk by reducing the assets and population exposed to flooding. Here, we develop two indexes measuring floodplain development for 18,548 communities across the continental United States. We combine land use, impervious surface, and housing data with regulatory flood maps to determine what proportion of new development has taken place in the floodplain. Nationwide from 2001 to 2019, 2.1 million acres of floodplain land were developed, and 844,000 residential properties were built in the floodplain. However, contrary to conventional perceptions of rampant floodplain development, just 26% of communities nationwide have developed in floodplains more than would be expected given the hazard they face. The indexes and the analyses they enable can help guide targeted interventions to improve flood risk management, to explore underlying drivers of flood exposure, and to inform how local‐to‐federal policy choices can be leveraged to limit hazardous development.
Application of the AI2 Climate Emulator to E3SMv2's Global Atmosphere Model, With a Focus on Precipitation Fidelity
Authors: Duncan James P. C. , Wu Elynn , Golaz Jean‐Christophe , Caldwell Peter M. , Watt‐Meyer Oliver , Clark Spencer K. , McGibbon Jeremy , Dresdner Gideon , Kashinath Karthik , Bonev Boris , Pritchard Michael S. , Bretherton Christopher S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCan the current successes of global machine learning‐based weather simulators be generalized beyond 2‐week forecasts to stable and accurate multiyear runs? The recently developed AI2 Climate Emulator (ACE) suggests this is feasible, based upon 10‐year simulations with a network trained on output from a physics‐based global atmosphere model using a grid spacing of approximately 110 km and forced by a repeating annual cycle of sea‐surface temperature. Here we show that ACE, without modification, can be trained to emulate another major atmospheric model, EAMv2, run at a comparable grid spacing for at least 10 years with similarly small climate biases—a prerequisite to wider applicability. With an analysis that combines multiple temporal, spatial, and frequency domain perspectives, we show that ACE faithfully represents the spatiotemporal structure of EAMv2 precipitation and related variables. Finally, we show that a pretrained ACE network is able to adapt to a new global climate model simulation data set with 10 fewer training steps than when starting from random initialization, all while still maintaining low levels of climate bias. Further analysis of these fine‐tuning experiments reveal ACE's intriguing ability to interpolate between distinct global climate models.
Designing magnetic microcapsules for cultivation and differentiation of stem cell spheroids
Authors: Gwon Kihak , Dharmesh Ether , Nguyen Kianna M. , Schornack Anna Marie R. , de Hoyos-Vega Jose M. , Ceylan Hakan , Stybayeva Gulnaz , Peterson Quinn P. , Revzin Alexander 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHuman pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) represent an excellent cell source for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications. However, there remains a need for robust and scalable differentiation of stem cells into functional adult tissues. In this paper, we sought to address this challenge by developing magnetic microcapsules carrying hPSC spheroids. A co-axial flow-focusing microfluidic device was employed to encapsulate stem cells in core-shell microcapsules that also contained iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). These microcapsules exhibited excellent response to an external magnetic field and could be held at a specific location. As a demonstration of utility, magnetic microcapsules were used for differentiating hPSC spheroids as suspension cultures in a stirred bioreactor. Compared to standard suspension cultures, magnetic microcapsules allowed for more efficient media change and produced improved differentiation outcomes. In the future, magnetic microcapsules may enable better and more scalable differentiation of hPSCs into adult cell types and may offer benefits for cell transplantation.
Safety of psychotropic medications in pregnancy: an umbrella review
Authors: Fabiano Nicholas , Wong Stanley , Gupta Arnav , Tran Jason , Bhambra Nishaant , Min Kevin K. , Dragioti Elena , Barbui Corrado , Fiedorowicz Jess G. , Gosling Corentin J. , Cortese Samuele , Gandhi Jasmine , Saraf Gayatri , Shorr Risa , Vigod Simone N. , Frey Benicio N. , Delorme Richard , Solmi Marco 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWeighing risks and benefits of the use of psychotropic medications during pregnancy remains a challenge worldwide. We systematically assessed the strength of associations between psychotropic medication use in pregnant people with mental disorders and various adverse health outcomes in both pregnant people and foetuses. Systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies investigating the association between exposure to psychotropic medication in pregnancy and any adverse health outcomes were included. Credibility was graded into convincing, highly suggestive, suggestive, weak or not significant. Quality of the meta-analyses and of individual studies were assessed with A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2) the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), respectively. We considered 21 meta-analyses encompassing 17,290,755 participants (AMSTAR 2 high = 1, low = 12, or critically low = 8). Evidence was suggestive for: (1) preterm birth in pregnant people with either any mental disorder (equivalent odds ratio 1.62 (95% confidence interval 1.24–2.12) or depression (1.65 [1.34–2.02]) receiving antidepressants during any trimester of pregnancy; (2) small for gestational age for pregnant people with depression receiving a SSRI during any trimester of pregnancy (1.50 [1.19–1.90]); and (3) major congenital malformation (1.24 [1.09–1.40]) or cardiac malformations (1.28 [1.11–1.47]) in babies for pregnant people with depression or anxiety receiving paroxetine during first trimester of pregnancy. Additional associations were supported by weak evidence, or were not statistically significant. This umbrella review found no convincing or highly suggestive level of evidence of adverse health outcomes associated with psychotropic medication use in pregnant people with mental disorders.