bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneously Induced Self‐Assembly of Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) Nanowires and Thin‐Film Fabrication via Solution‐Floating Method on a Water Substrate
Authors: Kim Yong‐Jae , Jung Hee‐Tae , Ahn Chi Won , Jeon Hwan‐Jin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA single‐step fabrication of thin film of conjugated polymers (CPs) cannot be employed because inducement of self‐assembly of CPs and a thin‐film fabrication process are both required. This study introduces a simple and facile one‐pot strategy for fabricating uniform, large‐area organic semiconducting thin film without complex process. During the solvent evaporation of floated poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) solution on water substrate, well‐dissolved P3HT chains are self‐assembled into 1D P3HT nanowires (NWs) with formation of thin film simultaneously. Through systematic transmission electron microscopy (TEM) experiments, this study also reveals for the first time the unique self‐assembly mechanism behind the formation of P3HT NWs from the incorporation of P3HT nanoparticles (NPs). In addition, highly uniform organic–inorganic hybrid thin films consisting of well‐defined P3HT/quantum dots (QDs) hybrid NWs can be created easily via a solution‐floating method by dropping P3HT and QDs dissolved solution. The floated P3HT NWs thin film on the surface of water can be easily transferred onto a Si wafer, bestowing advantages for the fabrication of a high‐performance organic field‐effect transistor device with a carrier mobility of 0.0856 cm2 V−1 s−1.
Processability and mechanical properties of bioplastics produced from decoloured bloodmeal
Authors: Verbeek Casparus Johannes Reinhard , Low Aaron , Lay Mark Christopher , Hicks Talia Maree 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBloodmeal is a protein‐rich coproduct of the meat industry and can be converted into a thermoplastic. A solution of peracetic acid can be used to degrade colored compounds in bloodmeal, yielding a light yellow material. This causes an increase in β‐sheets in the protein's secondary structure, but the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and triethylene glycol (TEG) reduced α‐helical and β‐sheet content, thereby increasing random coils. Without SDS, chains were less capable of folding into these structures, preventing sufficient intermolecular interactions and chain entanglement, leading to low specific mechanical energy input (SME) during extrusion, and poor consolidation. The whiteness of molded samples showed no correlation with SME during extrusion or the degree of consolidation after extrusion; however, they were observed to have a higher level of whiteness with increasing TEG content and should be considered as a secondary process not directly linked to extrusion. Increasing the amount of water during extrusion increased the Young's modulus (E) by facilitating formation of new interactions, while increasing TEG decreased E as a result of plasticization. The action of SDS on destabilizing electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions was beneficial to extrusion, although it had no further effect during injection molding. TEG had virtually no effect on tensile strength, although it was required for flow and facilitated the formation of strong interactions after water had been evaporated during conditioning.
Validation and reliability of the sex estimation of the human os coxae using freely available DSP2 software for bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology
Authors: Brůžek Jaroslav , Santos Frédéric , Dutailly Bruno , Murail Pascal , Cunha Eugenia 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectivesA new tool for skeletal sex estimation based on measurements of the human os coxae is presented using skeletons from a metapopulation of identified adult individuals from twelve independent population samples. For reliable sex estimation, a posterior probability greater than 0.95 was considered to be the classification threshold: below this value, estimates are considered indeterminate. By providing free software, we aim to develop an even more disseminated method for sex estimation.Materials and MethodsTen metric variables collected from 2,040 ossa coxa of adult subjects of known sex were recorded between 1986 and 2002 (reference sample). To test both the validity and reliability, a target sample consisting of two series of adult ossa coxa of known sex (n = 623) was used. The DSP2 software (Diagnose Sexuelle Probabiliste v2) is based on Linear Discriminant Analysis, and the posterior probabilities are calculated using an R script.ResultsFor the reference sample, any combination of four dimensions provides a correct sex estimate in at least 99% of cases. The percentage of individuals for whom sex can be estimated depends on the number of dimensions; for all ten variables it is higher than 90%. Those results are confirmed in the target sample.DiscussionOur posterior probability threshold of 0.95 for sex estimate corresponds to the traditional sectioning point used in osteological studies. DSP2 software is replacing the former version that should not be used anymore. DSP2 is a robust and reliable technique for sexing adult os coxae, and is also user friendly.
Quantum Kinetic Theory of a Massless Scalar Model in the Presence of a Schwarzschild Black Hole
Authors: Emelyanov Slava 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe employ quantum kinetic theory to investigate local quantum physics in the background of spherically symmetric and neutral black holes formed through the gravitational collapse. For this purpose in mind, we derive and study the covariant Wigner distribution function near to and far away from the black‐hole horizon. We find that the local density of the particle number is negative in the near‐horizon region, while the entropy density is imaginary. These pose a question whether kinetic theory is applicable in the near‐horizon region. We elaborate on that and propose a possible interpretation of how this result might nevertheless be self‐consistently understood.
An Ionophore‐Based Anion‐Selective Optode Printed on Cellulose Paper
Authors: Wang Xuewei , Zhang Qi , Nam Changwoo , Hickner Michael , Mahoney Mollie , Meyerhoff Mark E. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA general anion‐sensing platform is reported based on a portable and cost‐effective ion‐selective optode and a smartphone detector equipped with a color analysis app. In contrast to traditional anion‐selective optodes using a hydrophobic polymer and/or plasticizer to dissolve hydrophobic sensing elements, the new optode relies on hydrophilic cellulose paper. The anion ionophore and a lipophilic pH indicator are inkjet‐printed and adsorbed on paper and form a “dry” hydrophobic sensing layer. Porous cellulose sheets also allow the sensing site to be modified with dried buffer that prevents any sample pH dependence of the observed color change. A highly selective fluoride optode using an AlIII‐porphyrin ionophore is examined as an initial example of this new anion sensing platform for measurements of fluoride levels in drinking water samples. Apart from Lewis acid–base recognition, hydrogen bonding recognition is also compatible with this sensing platform.
Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Site‐Selective C(sp3)−H Alkynylation of Oligopeptides: A Linchpin Approach for Oligopeptide–Drug Conjugation
Authors: Liu Tao , Qiao Jennifer X. , Poss Michael A. , Yu Jin‐Quan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe palladium(II)‐catalyzed C(sp3)−H alkynylation of oligopeptides was developed with tetrabutylammonium acetate as a key additive. Through molecular design, the acetylene motif served as a linchpin to introduce a broad range of carbonyl‐containing pharmacophores onto oligopeptides, thus providing a chemical tool for the synthesis and modification of novel oligopeptide–pharmacophore conjugates by C−H functionalization. Dipeptide conjugates with coprostanol and estradiol were synthesized by this method for potential application in targeted drug delivery to tumor cells with overexpressed nuclear hormone receptors.
Use of Psychotropic Medications in Breastfeeding Women
Authors: Kronenfeld Nirit , Berlin Maya , Shaniv Dotan , Berkovitch Matitiahu 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundBreastfeeding women who are prescribed with psychotropic medications on a regular basis are often concerned, regarding the possible implications of such treatment on the breastfed infant. A mother's well‐being has a direct influence on the well‐being of the baby. However, the notorious reputation of psychotropic medications may lead to suboptimal prescribing by the physician and poor adherence by the mother.MethodsA PubMed search (from 1976 through February 2017) was conducted for commonly used psychotropic drug classes, as well as individual medications commonly prescribed in these classes, along with the MeSH terms “breastfeeding”/“lactation”. In each case, we chose studies that describe the pharmacokinetics of passage into breast milk and/or adverse effects in breastfed infants.ResultsNo large‐scale controlled studies regarding the safety of psychotropic medications in breastfeeding mothers were reported. Based on case reports and small studies, most psychotropic medications produce low milk levels and low plasma levels in the infant, while serious adverse effects in the breastfed infant are rarely reported. Safety data for some psychotropic medications are still unavailable.ConclusionAccording to the data available in the literature to date, most psychotropic medications are expected to produce low levels in breast milk with no clinical importance. Nevertheless, an individual risk‐benefit assessment of a proposed treatment should always be performed, as inter‐individual differences may have a substantial effect on the breastfeeding infant's response to the treatment. Further studies and additional objective data are needed to consolidate and improve our current knowledge of psychopharmacotherapy in breastfeeding women. Birth Defects Research 109:957–997, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Epigenetic Alterations and Prenatal Maternal Depression
Authors: Nemoda Zsofia , Szyf Moshe 
Published: July 2017

Major depressive disorder of the mother affects 6 to 17% of pregnancies worldwide and can lead to negative outcomes, such as preterm delivery and later mental health problems of the child. It has been proposed that developmental programming has long‐lasting effects in the offspring that might be mediated by epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation. Altered stress regulation or impaired immunological function of the mother can potentially affect DNA methylation processes of the fetus, changing gene expression levels in utero. These underlying biological processes can be tested in animal models, where pharmacological experiments using epigenetic drugs can prove causality.Recent human studies show that DNA methylation changes of hypothesis‐driven candidate gene regions, such as the promoter of the glucocorticoid receptor and the serotonin transporter, were associated with maternal depression in peripheral tissue samples of newborns' cord blood, infants' saliva, or adults' peripheral blood. In addition, epigenome‐wide association studies using blood cells show modest but significant changes in a subset of genes involved in immune functions. These DNA methylation changes were found mainly in enhancers, which point to regulatory effects in gene expression. Limited number of studies using brain tissue showed a significant overlap of differentially methylated genes in the different studies. In conclusion, prenatal maternal depression can induce covalent modifications in the offspring's DNA, which are detectable at birth in leukocytes and could be potentially present in other tissues, consistent with the hypothesis that system‐wide epigenetic changes are involved in life‐long responses to the psychosocial environment in utero. Birth Defects Research 109:888–897, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An OFF–ON–OFF type fluorescent probe based on a naphthalene derivative for Al3+ and F− ions and its biological application
Authors: Ren Yanpeng , Han Juan , Wang Yun , Tang Xu , Wang Lei , Ni Liang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA novel fluorescent probe‐based naphthalene Schiff, 1‐(C2‐glucosyl‐ylimino‐methyl)‐naphthalene‐2‐ol (L) was synthesized by coupling d‐glucosamine hydrochloride with 2‐hydroxy‐1‐naphthaldehyde. It exhibited excellent selectivity and highly sensitivity for Al3+ in ethanol with a strong fluorescence response, while other common metal ions such as Pb2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Hg2+, Li+, Na+, K+, Fe3+, Cr3+, Zn2+, Ag+, Ba2+ and Ca2+ did not cause the same fluorescence response. The probe selectively bound Al3+ with a binding constant (Ka) of 5.748 × 103 M−1 and a lowest detection limit (LOD) of 4.08 nM. Moreover, the study found that the fluorescence of the L − Al3+ complex could be quenched after addition of F− in the same medium, while other anions, including Cl−, Br−, I−, NO2−, NO3−, ClO4−, CO32−, HCO3−, SO42−, HSO4−, CH3COO−, PO43−, HPO42−, S2− and S2O32− had nearly no influence on probe behaviour. Binding of the [L − Al3+] complex to a F− anion was established by different fluorescence titration studies, with a detection limit of 3.2 nM in ethanol. The fluorescent probe was also successfully applied in the imaging detection of Al3+ and F− in living cells.
Dynamic Cooperation of Hydrogen Binding and π Stacking in ssDNA Adsorption on Graphene Oxide
Authors: Xu Zhen , Lei Xiaoling , Tu Yusong , Tan Zhi‐Jie , Song Bo , Fang Haiping 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFunctional nanoscale structures consisting of a DNA molecule coupled to graphene or graphene oxide (GO) have great potential for applications in biosensors, biomedicine, nanotechnology, and materials science. Extensive studies using the most sophisticated experimental techniques and theoretical methods have still not clarified the dynamic process of single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) adsorbed on GO surfaces. Based on a molecular dynamics simulation, this work shows that an ssDNA segment could be stably adsorbed on a GO surface through hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking interactions, with preferential binding to the oxidized rather than to the unoxidized region of the GO surface. The adsorption process shows a dynamic cooperation adsorption behavior; the ssDNA segment first captures the oxidized groups of the GO surface by hydrogen bonding interaction, and then the configuration relaxes to maximize the π–π stacking interactions between the aromatic rings of the nucleobases and those of the GO surface. We attributed this behavior to the faster forming hydrogen bonding interaction compared to π–π stacking; the π–π stacking interaction needs more relaxation time to regulate the configuration of the ssDNA segment to fit the aromatic rings on the GO surface.
Silver‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Synthesis of Carboxylic Acids from Primary Alcohols
Authors: Ghalehshahi Hajar Golshadi , Madsen Robert 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA simple silver‐catalyzed protocol has been developed for the acceptorless dehydrogenation of primary alcohols into carboxylic acids and hydrogen gas. The procedure uses 2.5 % Ag2CO3 and 2.5–3 equiv of KOH in refluxing mesitylene to afford the potassium carboxylate which is then converted into the acid with HCl. The reaction can be applied to a variety of benzylic and aliphatic primary alcohols with alkyl and ether substituents, and in some cases halide, olefin, and ester functionalities are also compatible with the reaction conditions. The dehydrogenation is believed to be catalyzed by silver nanoparticles that are formed in situ under the reaction conditions.
Identification and classification of brain tumor through mixture model based on magnetic resonance imaging segmentation and artificial neural network
Authors: Deepa Ayal Raj , Sam Emmanuel Wilson Rizy Mercy 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDetection of brain tumor in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is vital as it delivers data about unusual tissues which is essential for planning treatment. Automating this method is challenging due to the high variety in appearance of tumor tissue among dissimilar patients and in many circumstances, comparison between tumor and normal tissue. In this article, we presented a mixture model based segmentation and classification of brain MRI for tumor identification. The proposed robust mixture estimator combining trimming of the outliers is based on component wise confidence level ordering of observations. The proposed method consists of three stages. In the first stage, the brain MRI is segmented into white matter (WM), gray matter (GM), Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and outliers by ordering of observations. In second stage, outliers consists of tumor cells in which eight type of features Contrast, Correlation, Homogeneity, Energy, Entropy, Standard deviation, Skewness, and Kurtosis are extracted. In the third stage, the extracted features are trained by Artificial Neural Network (ANN)and based on this a brain tumor identification scheme is established to examine those features to judge whether brain tumor is present in the given image or not. Experimental results indicate that the proposed classification method has achieved 93.47% in sensitivity, 100% in specificity, and 96.34% accuracy with less computational time based on the number of extracted features when compared to earlier classification methods.
Cerebellins are differentially expressed in selective subsets of neurons throughout the brain
Authors: Seigneur Erica , Südhof Thomas C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCerebellins are secreted hexameric proteins that form tripartite complexes with the presynaptic cell‐adhesion molecules neurexins or ‘deleted‐in‐colorectal‐cancer’, and the postsynaptic glutamate‐receptor‐related proteins GluD1 and GluD2. These tripartite complexes are thought to regulate synapses. However, cerebellins are expressed in multiple isoforms whose relative distributions and overall functions are not understood. Three of the four cerebellins, Cbln1, Cbln2, and Cbln4, autonomously assemble into homohexamers, whereas the Cbln3 requires Cbln1 for assembly and secretion. Here, we show that Cbln1, Cbln2, and Cbln4 are abundantly expressed in nearly all brain regions, but exhibit strikingly different expression patterns and developmental dynamics. Using newly generated knockin reporter mice for Cbln2 and Cbln4, we find that Cbln2 and Cbln4 are not universally expressed in all neurons, but only in specific subsets of neurons. For example, Cbln2 and Cbln4 are broadly expressed in largely non‐overlapping subpopulations of excitatory cortical neurons, but only sparse expression was observed in excitatory hippocampal neurons of the CA1‐ or CA3‐region. Similarly, Cbln2 and Cbln4 are selectively expressed, respectively, in inhibitory interneurons and excitatory mitral projection neurons of the main olfactory bulb; here, these two classes of neurons form dendrodendritic reciprocal synapses with each other. A few brain regions, such as the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract, exhibit astoundingly high Cbln2 expression levels. Viewed together, our data show that cerebellins are abundantly expressed in relatively small subsets of neurons, suggesting specific roles restricted to subsets of synapses.
An intelligent skin‐color capture method based on fuzzy C‐means with applications
Authors: Hsiao Shih‐Wen , Yen Chih‐Huang , Lee Chu‐Hsuan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractConsumer behavior is complicated. In the cosmetic market, personal intuition and fashion trends for color selection are guidelines for consumers. A systematic method for female facial skin‐color classification and an application in the makeup market are proposed in this study. In this article, face recognition with a large number of images is first discussed. Then, an innovative method to capture color at selected points is presented and complexion‐aggregated analysis is performed. This innovative method is an extension of face‐recognition theory. Images in RGB format are converted to CIELAB format during data collection and then Fuzzy C‐means theory is used to cluster and group the data. The results are classified and grouped in Lab value and RGB index. Two programs are created. The first program, “FaceRGB,” captures color automatically from images. The second program, “ColorFCM,” clusters and groups the skin‐color information. The results can be used to assist an expert system in the selection of customized colors during makeup and new‐product development.
Mechanical Characterization of EuD4TEA‐ and ZnS:Mn‐Enhanced Composites
Authors: Scheiner Margaret , Joshi Kunal , Okoli Okenwa I. , Dickens Tarik J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTriboluminescent (TL) materials are assessed as components in structural health monitoring (SHM) systems within polymer composites. Processing must be addressed due to particle characteristics such as density, morphology, and chemical makeup, all of which can affect polymer curing dynamics and thermo‐mechanical properties. This study considers key processing parameters during incorporation of TL compounds into various polymers. The TL materials chosen for this study are zinc sulfide manganese (ZnS:Mn) and europium dibenzoylmethide triethylammonium (EuD4TEA). These crystals are dispersed within the liquid phase of polyvinyl ester (VE), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and Dymax 9663 ultraviolet‐curable (UV‐curing) resins. Incorporation of the europium compound apparently slows the cure process, particularly in the UV‐curing resin, while the zinc compound had a minimal effect on curing. Tensile testing shows a decrease in tensile modulus due to incorporation of TL crystals. Incorporation of the europium compound caused a 20–53% decrease in modulus; incorporation of the zinc compound caused a 7–66% decrease in modulus. Experimental results are used to create a multi‐scale model using Digimat. Discrepancies in the found values may be due to sample quality (e.g. presence of voids in experimental samples).
Metal–Organic Framework‐Derived FeCo‐N‐Doped Hollow Porous Carbon Nanocubes for Electrocatalysis in Acidic and Alkaline Media
Authors: Fang Xinzuo , Jiao Long , Yu Shu‐Hong , Jiang Hai‐Long 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are ideal precursors/ templates for porous carbons with homogeneous doping of active components for energy storage and conversion applications. Herein, metalloporphyrinic MOFs, PCN‐224‐FeCo, with adjustable molar ratio of FeII/CoII alternatively residing inside the porphyrin center, were employed as precursors to afford FeCo‐N‐doped porous carbon (denoted as FeCo‐NPC) by pyrolysis. Thanks to the hollow porous structure, the synergetic effect between highly dispersed FeNx and CoNx active sites accompanied with a high degree of graphitization, the optimized FeCo2‐NPC‐900 obtained by pyrolysis at 900 °C exhibits more positive half‐wave potential, higher diffusion‐limited current density, and better stability than the state‐of‐the‐art Pt/C, under both alkaline and acidic media. More importantly, the current synthetic approach based on MOFs offers a rational strategy to structure‐ and composition‐controlled porous carbons for efficient electrocatalysis.