bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Coffee Consumption With Total and Cause-Specific Mortality in 3 Large Prospective Cohorts
Authors: Ding Ming , Satija Ambika , Bhupathiraju Shilpa N. , Hu Yang , Sun Qi , Han Jiali , Lopez-Garcia Esther , Willett Walter , van Dam Rob M. , Hu Frank B. 
Published: November 2015

Background—
The association between consumption of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee and risk of mortality remains inconclusive.

Methods and Results—

We examined the associations of consumption of total, caffeinated, and decaffeinated coffee with risk of subsequent total and cause-specific mortality among 74 890 women in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS), 93 054 women in the Nurses’ Health Study II, and 40 557 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Coffee consumption was assessed at baseline using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. During 4 690 072 person-years of follow-up, 19 524 women and 12 432 men died. Consumption of total, caffeinated, and decaffeinated coffee were nonlinearly associated with mortality. Compared with nondrinkers, coffee consumption of 1 to 5 cups per day was associated with lower risk of mortality, whereas coffee consumption of more than 5 cups per day was not associated with risk of mortality. However, when restricting to never smokers compared with nondrinkers, the hazard ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) of mortality were 0.94 (0.89–0.99) for 1.0 or less cup per day, 0.92 (0.87–0.97) for 1.1 to 3.0 cups per day, 0.85 (0.79–0.92) for 3.1 to 5.0 cup per day, and 0.88 (0.78–0.99) for more than 5.0 cup per day (
P
value for nonlinearity = 0.32;
P
value for trend < 0.001). Significant inverse associations were observed for caffeinated (
P
value for trend < 0.001) and decaffeinated coffee (
P
value for trend = 0.022). Significant inverse associations were observed between coffee consumption and deaths attributed to cardiovascular disease, neurologic diseases, and suicide. No significant association between coffee consumption and total cancer mortality was found.

Conclusions—
Higher consumption of total coffee, caffeinated coffee, and decaffeinated coffee was associated with lower risk of total mortality.
A Deeper Analysis of Center-Finding Techniques for Tropical Cyclones in Mesoscale Models. Part I: Low-Wavenumber Analysis
Authors: Ryglicki David R. , Hodyss Daniel 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA deeper analysis of possible errors and inconsistencies in the analysis of vortex asymmetries owing to the placement of centers of tropical cyclones (TCs) in mesoscale models is presented. Previous works have established that components of the 2D and 3D structure of these TCs—primarily radial wind and vertical tilt—can vary greatly depending on how the center of a model TC is defined. This work will seek to expand the previous research on this topic, but only for the 2D structure. To be specific, this work will present how low-wavenumber azimuthal Fourier analyses can vary with center displacement using idealized, parametric TC-like vortices. It is shown that the errors associated with aliasing the mean are sensitive primarily to the difference between the peak of vorticity inside the radius of maximum winds and the average vorticity inside the core. Tangential wind and vorticity aliasing occur primarily in the core; radial wind aliasing spans the whole of the vortex. It is also shown that, when adding low-wavenumber asymmetries, the aliasing is dependent on the placement of the center relative to the location of the asymmetries on the vortex. It is also shown that the primary concern for 2D analysis when calculating the center of a TC is correctly resolving azimuthal wavenumber 0 tangential wind, because errors here will alias onto all higher wavenumbers, the specific structures of which are dependent on the structure of the mean vortex itself.
Composite Analysis of Long-Lived Mesoscale Vortices over the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River Valley: Octant Features and Evolution Mechanisms
Authors: Fu Shen-Ming , Zhang Jing-Ping , Sun Jian-Hua , Zhao Tian-Bao 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
A 14-yr climatology is presented of the mesoscale vortices generated in the vicinity of the Dabie Mountains [Dabie vortices (DBVs)] in the Yangtze River valley. Analyzing these vortices using the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), DBVs were found to be a frequent type of summer mesoscale weather system, with a mean monthly frequency of 12.2. DBVs were mainly located in the middle and lower troposphere, and ~92% of them triggered precipitation. Most DBVs were short lived, and only 19.5% persisted for more than 12 h. Latent heat release associated with precipitation is a dominant factor for the DBV’s three-dimensional geometry features, life span, and intensity.
The long-lived DBVs, all of which triggered torrential rainfall, were analyzed using a composite analysis under the normalized polar coordinates. Results indicate that these vortices generally moved eastward and northeastward, which corresponded to the vortices’ orientation, divergence, vorticity budget, and kinetic energy budget. The evolution of long-lived DBVs featured significant unevenness: those octants located at the front and on the right side of the vortices’ moving tracks were more favorable for their development and maintenance, while those octants located at the back and on the left side acted conversely. Convergence-related shrinking was the most favorable factor for the vortices’ development and persistence, while the tilting effect was a dominant factor accounting for their attenuation. Long-lived DBVs featured strong baroclinity, and the baroclinic energy conversion acted as the main energy source for the vortices’ evolution. In contrast, the barotropic energy conversion favored the vortices’ development and maintenance at first, and later triggered their dissipation.
The Impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation on Climate through Its Influence on the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
Authors: Delworth Thomas L. , Zeng Fanrong 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and large-scale climate is assessed using simulations with three different climate models. Perturbation experiments are conducted in which a pattern of anomalous heat flux corresponding to the NAO is added to the model ocean. Differences between the perturbation experiments and a control illustrate how the model ocean and climate system respond to the NAO. A positive phase of the NAO strengthens the AMOC by extracting heat from the subpolar gyre, thereby increasing deep-water formation, horizontal density gradients, and the AMOC. The flux forcings have the spatial structure of the observed NAO, but the amplitude of the forcing varies in time with distinct periods varying from 2 to 100 yr. The response of the AMOC to NAO variations is small at short time scales but increases up to the dominant time scale of internal AMOC variability (20–30 yr for the models used). The amplitude of the AMOC response, as well as associated oceanic heat transport, is approximately constant as the time scale of the forcing is increased further. In contrast, the response of other properties, such as hemispheric temperature or Arctic sea ice, continues to increase as the time scale of the forcing becomes progressively longer. The larger response is associated with the time integral of the anomalous oceanic heat transport at longer time scales, combined with an increased impact of radiative feedback processes. It is shown that NAO fluctuations, similar in amplitude to those observed over the last century, can modulate hemispheric temperature by several tenths of a degree.
Increased Surgical Site Infection Rates following Clindamycin Use in Head and Neck Free Tissue Transfer
Authors: Pool Christopher , Kass Jason , Spivack John , Nahumi Nadav , Khan Mohemmed , Babus Lenard , Teng Marita S. , Genden Eric M. , Miles Brett A. 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveThe development of surgical site infections (SSIs) can put the viability of free tissue transfer reconstructions at risk, often resulting in considerable postoperative morbidity and prolonged hospitalization. Current antibiotic prophylactic guidelines suggest a first‐ or second‐generation cephalosporin with metronidazole for clean‐contaminated cases and recommend clindamycin as an alternative choice in penicillin‐allergic patients. This study was designed to examine the rates of postoperative infection associated with prophylactic antibiotic regimens, including patients receiving clindamycin as an alternative due to penicillin allergy.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary academic medical center.SubjectsPatients undergoing major ablative head and neck resection involving the pharynx and oral cavity reconstructed via free tissue transfer.MethodsThe sample included patients (n = 266) who underwent free tissue transfer involving the oral cavity and pharynx from 2009 to 2014. Data included demographic data, medical comorbidities, anatomic tumor subsite and surgical procedure, and prophylactic antibiotic regimen. SSI data were examined up to 30 days after the initial surgical procedure. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the overall risk for SSI. Culture data were also reviewed.ResultsThe data indicated that clindamycin was associated with an approximate 4‐fold increased risk for SSI (odds ratio, 3.784; 95% confidence interval: 1.367‐10.470 [P=. 010]) after controlling for possible confounding factors.ConclusionFor patients with a true penicillin allergy, we recommend broader gram‐negative coverage with alternative antibiotics, such as cefuroxime, when undergoing free tissue transfer in the head and neck.
Bone Marrow Concentrate Improves Early Cartilage Phase Maturation of a Scaffold Plug in the Knee
Authors: Krych Aaron J. , Nawabi Danyal H. , Farshad-Amacker Nadja A. , Jones Kristofer J. , Maak Travis G. , Potter Hollis G. , Williams Riley J. 
Published: November 2015

Background: Limited information exists on the clinical use of a synthetic osteochondral scaffold plug for cartilage restoration in the knee. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to compare the early magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance, including quantitative T2 values, between cartilage defects treated with a scaffold versus a scaffold with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC). The hypothesis was that the addition of PRP or BMAC would result in an improved cartilage appearance. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Forty-six patients with full-thickness cartilage defects of the femur were surgically treated with a control scaffold (n = 11), scaffold with PRP (n = 23), or scaffold with BMAC (n = 12) and were followed prospectively. Patients underwent MRI with a qualitative assessment and quantitative T2 mapping at 12 months after surgery. An image assessment was performed retrospectively by a blinded musculoskeletal radiologist. The cartilage phase was measured by cartilage fill and quantitative T2 values on MRI. A comparison between groups after cartilage repair was performed. Results: The control scaffold group consisted of 8 male and 3 female patients (mean age, 38 years; mean body mass index [BMI], 25 kg/m2), the PRP group had 15 male and 8 female patients (mean age, 39 years; mean BMI, 26 kg/m2), and the BMAC group consisted of 8 male and 4 female patients (mean age, 36 years; mean BMI, 26 kg/m2). The PRP-treated ( P = .002) and BMAC-treated ( P = .03) scaffolds had superior cartilage fill compared with the control group. With quantitative methods, the PRP group demonstrated a mean T2 value (49.1 ms) that was similar to that of the control scaffold group (42.7 ms; P = .07), but the BMAC group demonstrated a mean T2 value (60.5 ms) closer to that of superficial hyaline cartilage ( P = .01). The stratification of T2 values between the deep and superficial zones was not observed in any of the groups. Conclusion: In this comparative study, patients treated with scaffold implantation augmented with BMAC had improved cartilage maturation with greater fill and mean T2 values closer to that of superficial native hyaline cartilage at 12 months. Further work will determine if this translates into improved clinical outcomes.
Serum diamine oxidase activity in patients with histamine intolerance
Authors: Manzotti G , Breda D , Di Gioacchino M , Burastero SE 
Published: November 2015

Introduction: Intolerance to various foods, excluding bona fide coeliac disease and lactose intolerance, represents a growing cause of patient visits to allergy clinics. Histamine intolerance is a long-known, multifaceted clinical condition triggered by histamine-rich foods and alcohol and/or by drugs that liberate histamine or block diamine oxidase (DAO), the main enzyme involved in the metabolism of ingested histamine. Histamine limitation diets impose complex, non-standardized restrictions that may severely impact the quality of life of patients. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 14 patients who visited allergy outpatient facilities in northern Italy with a negative diagnosis for IgE-mediated food hypersensitivity, coeliac disease, conditions related to gastric hypersecretion, and systemic nickel hypersensitivity, and who previously underwent a histamine limitation diet with benefits for their main symptoms. Serum diamine oxidase levels and the clinical response to diamine oxidase supplementation were investigated. Results: We found that 10 out of 14 patients had serum DAO activity <10 U/mL, which was the threshold suggested as a cutoff for probable histamine intolerance. Moreover, 13 out of 14 patients subjectively reported a benefit in at least one of the disturbances related to food intolerances following diamine oxidase supplementation. The mean value (± SD) of diamine oxidase activity in the cohort of patients with histamine intolerance symptoms was 7.04 ± 6.90 U/mL compared to 39.50 ± 18.16 U/mL in 34 healthy controls ( P = 0.0031). Conclusion: In patients with symptoms triggered by histamine-rich food, measuring the serum diamine oxidase activity can help identify subjects who can benefit from a histamine limitation diet and/or diamine oxidase supplementation. Properly designed, controlled studies investigating histamine intolerance that include histamine provocation are indispensable for providing insights into the area of food intolerances, which are currently primarily managed with non-scientific approaches in Italy.
Evaluation of the Diagnostic Performance of Fibrin Monomer in Comparison to d-Dimer in Patients With Overt and Nonovert Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Authors: Singh Neha , Pati Hara Prasad , Tyagi Seema , Upadhyay Ashish Datt , Saxena Renu 
Published: November 2015

Introduction: Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a thrombohemorrhagic disorder characterized by hyperactivation of coagulation and secondary fibrinolysis. Aim: The primary aim of this prospective study was to evaluate and compare the diagnostic performance of fibrin monomer (FM) and d-dimer (DD) for the preemptive diagnosis of DIC in the early stages. Materials and Methods: The patients were categorized into 3 groups: overt DIC, nonovert DIC, and non-DIC based on the International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis scoring for overt DIC and the modified nonovert-DIC criteria. Coagulation tests were performed on freshly obtained plasma. Quantitative determination of FM and DD was done by immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: Median DD and FM levels in patients with overt DIC were significantly higher in comparison to the other 2 groups. Interestingly, unlike DD, the difference in FM levels was also found to be statistically significant between patients with nonovert DIC and non-DIC patients ( P = .0001). At receiver–operator characteristic curve-generated cutoff values, FM had higher specificity and negative predictive value than DD for predicting onset of overt DIC. Multivariate analysis showed that only FM was as an independent predictive factor useful in differentiating patients with overt DIC from non-DIC patients (odds ratio [OR]: 43.3; confidence interval [CI] 4.61-406.68; P value = .001) as well as in distinguishing nonovert DIC from non-DIC patients (OR:18.3; CI 3.45-97.19; P value = .001). Conclusion: Fibrin monomer is a better indicator than DD in distinguishing patients with overt and nonovert DIC from non-DIC patients, raising the possibility for its diagnostic utility as a marker for impending overt DIC, aiding in early diagnosis and prompt therapeutic intervention.
Modeling factors explaining physicians’ satisfaction with competence
Authors: Lepnurm Rein , Dobson Roy Thomas , Peña-Sánchez Juan-Nicolás , Nesdole Robert 
Published: November 2015

Objective: Attention to physician wellness has increased as medical practice gains in complexity. Physician satisfaction with practice is critical for quality of care and practice growth. The purpose of this study was to model physicians’ self-reported Satisfaction with Competence as a function of their perceptions of the Quality of Health Services, Distress, Coping, Practice Management, Personal Satisfaction and Professional Equity. Methods: Comprehensive questionnaires were sent to a stratified sample of 5300 physicians across Canada. This cross-sectional study focused on physicians who examined and treated individual patients for a final study population of 2639 physicians. Response bias was negligible. The questionnaires contained measures of Satisfaction with Competence, Quality of Health Services, Distress, Coping, Personal Satisfaction, Practice Management and Professional Equity. Exploring relationships was done using Pearson correlations and one-way analysis of variance. Modeling was by hierarchical regressions. Results: The measures were reliable: Satisfaction with Competence ( α = .86), Quality ( α = .86), Access ( α = .82), Distress ( α = .82), Coping ( α = .76), Personal Satisfaction ( α = .78), Practice Management ( α = .89) and the dimensions of Professional Equity (Fulfillment, α = .81; Financial, α = .93; and Recognition, α = .75) with comparative validity. Satisfaction with Competence was positively correlated with Quality ( r = .32), Efficiency ( r = .37) and Access ( r = .32); negatively correlated with Distress ( r = −.54); and positively correlated with Coping strategies ( r = .43), Personal Satisfaction ( r = .57), Practice Management ( r = .17), Fulfillment ( r = .53), Financial ( r = .36) and Recognition ( r = .54). Physicians’ perceptions on Quality, Efficiency, Access, Distress, Coping, Personal Satisfaction, Practice Management, Fulfillment, Pay and Recognition explained 60.2% of the variation in Satisfaction with Competence, controlling for years in practice, self-reported health and duties of physicians. Conclusion: Satisfaction with Competence could be affected by excessive accumulation of duties, concerns about quality, efficiency, access, excessive distress, inadequate coping abilities, personal satisfaction with life as a physician, challenges in managing practices and persistent inequities among physicians.
Being cosmopolitan: evolutionary history and phylogeography of a specialized raptor, the Osprey Pandion haliaetus
Authors: Monti Flavio , Duriez Olivier , Arnal Véronique , Dominici Jean-Marie , Sforzi Andrea , Fusani Leonida , Grémillet David , Montgelard Claudine 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Background
The Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) is one of only six bird species with an almost world-wide distribution. We aimed at clarifying its phylogeographic structure and elucidating its taxonomic status (as it is currently separated into four subspecies). We tested six biogeographical scenarios to explain how the species’ distribution and differentiation took place in the past and how such a specialized raptor was able to colonize most of the globe.

Results
Using two mitochondrial genes (cyt b and ND2), the Osprey appeared structured into four genetic groups representing quasi non-overlapping geographical regions. The group Indo-Australasia corresponds to the cristatus ssp, as well as the group Europe-Africa to the haliaetus ssp. In the Americas, we found a single lineage for both carolinensis and ridgwayi ssp, whereas in north-east Asia (Siberia and Japan), we discovered a fourth new lineage. The four lineages are well differentiated, contrasting with the low genetic variability observed within each clade. Historical demographic reconstructions suggested that three of the four lineages experienced stable trends or slight demographic increases. Molecular dating estimates the initial split between lineages at about 1.16 Ma ago, in the Early Pleistocene.

Conclusions
Our biogeographical inference suggests a pattern of colonization from the American continent towards the Old World. Populations of the Palearctic would represent the last outcomes of this colonization. At a global scale the Osprey complex may be composed of four different Evolutionary Significant Units, which should be treated as specific management units. Our study brought essential genetic clarifications, which have implications for conservation strategies in identifying distinct lineages across which birds should not be artificially moved through exchange/reintroduction schemes.
Some fixed point results for non-decreasing and mixed monotone mappings with auxiliary functions
Authors: Wang Shuang , Ansari Arslan Hojat , Chandok Sumit 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to provide sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of fixed points for non-decreasing and mixed monotone mappings with auxiliary functions in the framework of metric space endowed with a partial order. As applications of our results we obtain several interesting corollaries and fixed point theorems in the underlying spaces. In order to illustrate our results, we provide two examples in which other theorems from the literature cannot be applied. In addition, the equivalence property between unidimensional and multidimensional fixed point theorems is investigated. We also present some applications to the existence of solutions of integral and differential equations.