bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acoustical Analysis of Auditorium in National Educational Museum, West Java
Authors: Rahmatulloh Muhammad Rasyad , Gaputra Agara Dama 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Besides being the place for evidence of past history and future history, the National Educational Museum in West Java also has audio visual room, for the visitor to learn about the museum more. Visitor ability to understand what is being said in the auditorium depends on the acoustics quality of the room. This study primarily talks about acoustics auditorium and find out if the acoustics in Auditorium of National Educational Museum is optimal for its function. The objective of this analysis is to determine the acoustics quality of the room in Auditorium of National Educational Museum. The simulation results with acoustic standards was carried out after conducting field observations and simulations using Ecotect v.5.50 software. After the simulation conducted it is known that there is some factors that makes this auditorium reverberation time not optimal such as sound-reflecting materials, floor and ceiling shape and elevation, and the number of occupants in the room. Which resulted in the speaker’s voice become less clear to the perceiver. Thus, to respond to the issue some materials can be change to sound-absorbing materials, and the ceiling shape can be made simpler to reduce the reverberation and echoes.
Living hinges for resilient and recyclable paper-based flexible printed electronics
Authors: Wu Flora , Graddage Neil , Lee James , Griffin Ryan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The ability to fabricate electronics by printing has enabled an array of technologies that can create intelligent or smart packaging; however, this can come at the cost of recyclability. Selection of materials compatible with recycling streams is possible, such as paperboard and carbon inks, but there is a trade-off in terms of performance, flexibility and reliability. A major challenge for the use of paperboard is delamination and deformation when subject to small bend radii. The substrate has a tendency to crease when bent beyond a critical radius, which can fracture the surface and any traces printed onto it, causing device failure. We have demonstrated that the use of kerf cuts to form a living hinge, similar to that used in woodworking, can increase the flexibility of paperboard and allow reliable bending of conductive traces. We have identified the key design parameters of such a living hinge and evaluated their effect on the flexibility of a typical paperboard used in packaging. We then demonstrated that conductive traces of silver or carbon can withstand repeated bending with 100% reliability, compared to a worst case of 16% of control sample traces surviving the same test. Additionally, we demonstrated that the hinges improve the consistency of the trace resistance when subject to repeat bending. The behaviour of the resistance change as a function of bending was seen to be dependent upon the ink material, likely due to differing morphologies. We demonstrate the applicability of this technique in a smart device for medication adherence packaging.
Grover-QAOA for 3-SAT: quadratic speedup, fair-sampling, and parameter clustering
Authors: Zhang Zewen , Paredes Roger , Sundar Bhuvanesh , Quiroga David , Kyrillidis Anastasios , Duenas-Osorio Leonardo , Pagano Guido , Hazzard Kaden R A 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe SAT problem is a prototypical NP-complete problem of fundamental importance in computational complexity theory with many applications in science and engineering; as such, it has long served as an essential benchmark for classical and quantum algorithms. This study shows numerical evidence for a quadratic speedup of the Grover Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (G-QAOA) over random sampling for finding all solutions to 3-SAT (All-SAT) and Max-SAT problems. G-QAOA is less resource-intensive and more adaptable for these problems than Grover’s algorithm, and it surpasses conventional QAOA in its ability to sample all solutions. We show these benefits by classical simulations of many-round G-QAOA on thousands of random 3-SAT instances. We also observe G-QAOA advantages on the IonQ Aria quantum computer for small instances, finding that current hardware suffices to determine and sample all solutions. Interestingly, a single-angle-pair constraint that uses the same pair of angles at each G-QAOA round greatly reduces the classical computational overhead of optimizing the G-QAOA angles while preserving its quadratic speedup. We also find parameter clustering of the angles. The single-angle-pair protocol and parameter clustering significantly reduce obstacles to classical optimization of the G-QAOA angles.
Chemoresistive H2S sensor based on PANI/TiO2/CuCl2 nanocomposite impregnated conductive fabric using TOPSIS and Taguchi method
Authors: Cha Ho San , Pak Jong Sung 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Conductive polymer/metal oxide nanocomposites have been widely used for chmoresistive gas sensors. PANI/TiO2/CuCl2 nanocomposite(PTCN) impregnated conductive fabric was prepared by in situ synthesis method. To improve the performance of PTCN impregnated fabric for detecting H2S gas, Taguchi orthogonal array(TOA) is used to experimental design, and best values of factors affecting to the sensing performance are determined using Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) and Taguchi optimization method. PTCNs were charactierized by SEM, XRD, FTIR. The sensing performances of the proposed sensor such as linear detection range, sensitivity, repeatability and effect of humidity for hydrogen sulfide gas were evaluated.
Effective low-exposure color image enhancement based on histogram equalization with spatial contextual information
Authors: Jada Lingaiah , Srikanth Rangu , Bikshalu Kalagadda 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Color image enhancement refers to improving the visual quality of color images by adjusting various attributes such as brightness, contrast, sharpness, and color balance. This enhancement aims to make the images more visually appealing, precise, and easier to interpret, often by accentuating essential features or details while minimizing noise or distortion. Techniques vary from simple adjustments of brightness and contrast to sophisticated algorithms. Effective image enhancement is crucial in numerous fields like medical imaging; enhancing the medical image is vital for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning, as well as remote sensing for improved satellite and aerial imagery. In security and surveillance, enhanced clarity in footage from surveillance cameras, especially in low-light scenarios, is crucial for identifying subjects and activities. However, image enhancement faces several challenges, like noise amplification and Over-enhancement, leading to unnatural-looking images with exaggerated or distorted features. In this paper, low-exposed or night color images are considered for enhancement, and this paper introduces exposure-based recursive histogram equalization techniques along with an Energy Curve instead of the conventional histogram; the energy curve is similar to a histogram based on spatial Contextual Information of an image. The proposed methods are Recursive Exposure-based Sub-image Histogram Equalization, Recursively Separated Exposure-based Sub-image Histogram Equalization, and Exposure-based Sub-image Histogram Equalization techniques considering spatial contextual information of images using an Energy Curve to improve results. These methods were tested on several publicly available datasetswith low-contrast color images and compared with HE, BBHE, DSHE, CLAHE, ESIHE, R-ESIHE, and RS-ESIHE. The proposed techniques are evaluated using parameterslikeAMBE, PSNR, MSE, Entropy, SSIM, and FSIM. The average PSNR values for eight images (taken from TeV DICeneter https://tev.fbk.eu/resources/imageenhancement) using the techniques mentioned above were 9.10817, 20.80568, 12.82645, 10.39347, 16.27458, 15.19979, and 14.59595, respectively. In contrast, the proposed ESIHE with Energy Curve achieved a PSNR of 22.31585, outperforming other methods across multiple metrics, particularly excelling in noise reduction (PSNR), error minimization (MSE: 193.44), structural similarity (SSIM: 0.733319), and feature retention (FSIM: 0.917678). The comparison demonstrates that enhancement methods can be significantly improved by considering spatial contextual information.
Geometric neural operators (gnps) for data-driven deep learning in non-euclidean settings
Authors: Quackenbush B , Atzberger P J 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We introduce Geometric Neural Operators (GNPs) for data-driven deep learning of geometric features for tasks in non-euclidean settings. We present a formulation for accounting for geometric contributions along with practical neural network architectures and factorizations for training. We then demonstrate how GNPs can be used (i) to estimate geometric properties, such as the metric and curvatures of surfaces, (ii) to approximate solutions of geometric partial differential equations on manifolds, and (iii) to solve Bayesian inverse problems for identifying manifold shapes. These results show a few ways GNPs can be used for incorporating the roles of geometry in the data-driven learning of operators.
Terrorist Informers in Northern Ireland
Authors: Newbery Samantha 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
By using informers to provide intelligence on terrorism, the security and intelligence agencies who handle them gain knowledge of their offences. Charges may then be brought against them provided evidence supports this course of action. But if imprisoned, an informer no longer has access to the time-sensitive, potentially life-saving intelligence they once had. There is therefore a tension between continuing to use an informer to provide intelligence on terrorism and upholding the law. This tension is at the heart of this book. The book analyses prominent terrorist informers such as Agent Stakeknife, and lesser-known examples, who collectively were active throughout Northern Ireland from the 1970s to the present. It includes those involved with republican groups and with loyalist groups, and those working for the police, the armed forces, and MI5. Valuable pieces of the puzzle have been located in sources such as court judgments, official reports, and in interviews conducted by the author, maximising depth and breadth of coverage of the topic. The way successive governments, the police, the armed forces, and MI5 have addressed the issue of regulation for terrorist informers’ involvement in criminality is also analysed. So too are allegations of ‘collusion’ between informers on one hand and the security and intelligence agencies on the other. Accordingly, the book also assesses the varied retrospective investigations into the use of terrorist informers, and therefore the competing needs for secrecy and transparency. The book demonstrates that although there is a tension between intelligence and law, this can be successfully navigated.
Recruitment and Handling
Authors: Newbery Samantha 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
It is possible to address the recruitment and handling of terrorist informers in Northern Ireland in more depth and breadth in this book than has hitherto been achieved. This chapter begins by identifying the reasons why some individuals with access to such intelligence become informers. Their motivations for informing can change over time, but potential motivations must be identified by those who seek to recruit them. The chapter then analyses the handling of informers, including the selection of appropriate individuals to work as recruiters or handlers. Finally, the chapter addresses the particularly under-researched area of the training given to recruiters and handlers. Novel interview data is used extensively in this chapter.
Intelligence vs the Law
Authors: Newbery Samantha 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter addresses the ‘conundrum’ posed by differences between the two prisms through which terrorist informers can be viewed: the intelligence prism and the law and order prism. Not charging terrorist informers for their offences risks damaging the fundamental democratic principle of the rule of law and the principle that law should be applied equally to everyone. But imprisonment adversely affects their access to intelligence and risks deterring other potential informers. This chapter uses the examples of Informant 1 and Brian Nelson. Nelson was active as an informer in the 1980s and—against the wishes of the Defence Secretary—was prosecuted and later convicted for twenty offences after he stopped informing. Informant 1 was charged in respect of minor offences whilst working as an informer from 1991 to 2003, and charged with serious offences after he stopped informing.
Political Sensitivities and the Long Road to Regulation
Authors: Newbery Samantha 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter and the one that follows it examine the slow evolution of the regulation of informers, identifying a progression over many decades from agency-specific guidelines on informers to statutory regulation that specifically provides for informers who commit offences. Chapter 6’s analysis begins with the first set of guidelines that were theoretically applicable during ‘the troubles’, namely the Home Office’s 1969 Circular. In the 1980s, the Northern Ireland Office responded positively to the Royal Ulster Constabulary’s request for guidelines by producing a draft. These guidelines remained a draft, but MI5 and the British Army chose to adopt them. MI5 used these guidelines until at least 2019. Political sensitivities caused successive governments to reject the Police Service of Northern Ireland’s and MI5’s calls to introduce legislation on informers. Yet obligations originating in Europe led to the enactment of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act in 2000. This chapter demonstrates that although the road to regulation of informers was a long one, the agencies that used informers persisted in seeking the benefits that regulation brings.
Establishing Investigations
Authors: Newbery Samantha 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The first of the book’s chapters to evaluate the myriad investigations into terrorist informers, this chapter first identifies the available forms of investigation. Broadly speaking, these investigations have one of two aims: to discover evidence of (suspected) offences, or to discover the truth. There is naturally some overlap between the two, as criminal justice proceedings reveal information about what happened, thereby contributing to truth-finding. Yet in any given case decisions have to be made regarding whether to prioritise a truth-finding investigation or criminal proceedings. The chapter then assesses Canadian Judge Peter Cory’s investigations into cases allegedly involving ‘collusion’. Informers were allegedly directly involved in five of the eight murders Cory investigated. The UK-based public inquiries that followed from Cory’s recommendations are also examined in this chapter, chiefly in respect of to what extent truth-finding or criminal justice were prioritised, and the influence of secrecy surrounding intelligence and informers upon these investigations.
Cross-Border Attacks and Investigations
Authors: Newbery Samantha 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Chapter 10 focuses on the cross-border dimension of investigations into the use of terrorist informers. Regardless of whether they aim to establish the truth, or to result in criminal prosecutions, for these investigations to be as complete as the evidence allows and therefore to be as reliable and respected as possible, cross-border cooperation is necessary. A difficulty is posed by the fact that while a public inquiry has the power to compel the production of written evidence and to compel the cooperation of witnesses, this does not extend to another jurisdiction. Two cross-border attacks allegedly involving informers, and each of which resulted in more than one investigation, are the subject of this chapter: the IRA’s murder of the Royal Ulster Constabulary’s Chief Superintendent Harry Breen and Superintendent Robert Buchanan; and the Dublin and Monaghan bombings, which killed thirty-four people.
Successful Challenges to the Office of the Police Ombudsman for Northern Ireland
Authors: Newbery Samantha 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Chapter 13 focuses on investigations into terrorist informers conducted by successive holders of the position of Police Ombudsman for Northern Ireland. The ‘public statement’ that resulted from the Ombudsman’s Office Operation Ballast investigation revealed enough information about a particular terrorist informer and the way informers are used that it caused considerable backlash from former police officers on security grounds. The way the ombudsmen have done their work has been ill-received at times, not only by police officers but also by survivors and victims’ families. Further, its work has been challenged in court and even overturned and redone. One of the case studies in this chapter—the office’s investigations into the 1994 murders at the Heights Bar in Loughinisland—is an extreme example, with the office’s original and replacement statements both being challenged in court, and a journalistic investigation into the office also taking place, which itself became the subject of police action and in turn became the subject of legal action.
Conclusion
Authors: Newbery Samantha 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The book’s Conclusion directly addresses the themes that are central to the book’s analyses. These themes are evident throughout the activities that involve terrorist informers: from recruiting them, to meeting and collecting intelligence from them, to decisions relating to the use, exploitation, and management of their intelligence, to decisions regarding whether to arrest, charge, and prosecute them for alleged offences, to regulation of their use, and finally to the establishment and conduct of investigations into their use. Secrecy surrounding intelligence practices and intelligence itself, variety amongst terrorist informers, and cooperation between the security and intelligence agencies are recurring themes. So too is the relationship between the intelligence prism and the law and order prism through which terrorist informers in Northern Ireland can be viewed.
XV—Love’s Curiosity
Authors: Dover Daniela 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Love naturally gives rise to cravings for epistemic security. At the same time, since human beings are responsive to our interpretations of them, our desire that they be knowable risks becoming oppressively self-fulfilling. I argue that ‘erotic curiosity’—understood not as a desire for stable knowledge but rather as a desire to engage in an indefinitely prolonged inquisitive activity—is central to a certain kind of love.
Revision Surgeries After Proton vs Photon Postmastectomy Radiation Therapy in Prepectoral Implant–Based Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Desai Anshumi , Mangal Rohan , Padilla Carolina , McClintock Kate , Choi Seraphina , Mella-Catinchi Juan R , Oeltjen John C , Singh Devinder P , Takita Cristiane , Kassira Wrood 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) improves disease-free survival in breast cancer but reduces aesthetic satisfaction. Proton PMRT has gained popularity because it results in fewer systemic complications. There is a lack of data regarding revision surgeries for prepectoral implant–based breast reconstruction (PP-IBBR) following radiation.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to compare revision surgeries in PP-IBBR with photon vs proton PMRT.

Methods
A single-institution retrospective cohort study was performed that included breast cancer patients undergoing mastectomy and PP-IBBR with PMRT between January 2020 and October 2022. The mean follow-up duration for the cohort was 1056.4 days (2.89 years). Revision surgeries evaluated were fat grafting, conversion to autologous flaps, implant replacement, implant removal, capsulectomy, and scar revision.

Results
The 116 PP-IBBR subjects were divided into 2 cohorts, receiving either photon (75, 64.66%) or proton (41, 35.34%) radiation. Overall corrective surgeries were higher with photon therapy (27.5% overall; 32.4% photon vs 19.5% proton, P = .132). The odds of any revision surgery were nearly double with photon therapy (odds ratio [OR] = 1.98), and the conversion to an autologous flap was significantly more likely with photon therapy (OR = 4.55, P = .025). Multivariable analysis showed an increased tendency for photon therapy patients to require any revision surgeries (OR = 1.62, P = .359), autologous flaps (OR = 5.97, P = .049), fat grafting (OR = 1.52, P = .664), and scar revision (OR = 4.51, P = .273).

Conclusions
Compared to proton therapy, traditional photon therapy has a higher conversion rate to autologous flaps with PP-IBBR. Photon therapy had higher rates of overall revision surgeries, but the difference was not statistically significant. Proton therapy is safer and requires fewer revision surgeries, warranting larger studies and broader utilization.

Level of Evidence: 3 (Therapeutic)
AptaDiff: de novo design and optimization of aptamers based on diffusion models
Authors: Wang Zhen , Liu Ziqi , Zhang Wei , Li Yanjun , Feng Yizhen , Lv Shaokang , Diao Han , Luo Zhaofeng , Yan Pengju , He Min , Li Xiaolin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Aptamers are single-stranded nucleic acid ligands, featuring high affinity and specificity to target molecules. Traditionally they are identified from large DNA/RNA libraries using $in vitro$ methods, like Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX). However, these libraries capture only a small fraction of theoretical sequence space, and various aptamer candidates are constrained by actual sequencing capabilities from the experiment. Addressing this, we proposed AptaDiff, the first in silico aptamer design and optimization method based on the diffusion model. Our Aptadiff can generate aptamers beyond the constraints of high-throughput sequencing data, leveraging motif-dependent latent embeddings from variational autoencoder, and can optimize aptamers by affinity-guided aptamer generation according to Bayesian optimization. Comparative evaluations revealed AptaDiff’s superiority over existing aptamer generation methods in terms of quality and fidelity across four high-throughput screening data targeting distinct proteins. Moreover, surface plasmon resonance experiments were conducted to validate the binding affinity of aptamers generated through Bayesian optimization for two target proteins. The results unveiled a significant boost of $87.9\%$ and $60.2\%$ in RU values, along with a 3.6-fold and 2.4-fold decrease in KD values for the respective target proteins. Notably, the optimized aptamers demonstrated superior binding affinity compared to top experimental candidates selected through SELEX, underscoring the promising outcomes of our AptaDiff in accelerating the discovery of superior aptamers.