bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of temperature and photoperiod on the reproductive diapause and cold tolerance of spotted‐wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii
Authors: Wallingford Anna K. , Lee Jana C. , Loeb Gregory M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractKnowledge regarding the reproductive status of spotted‐wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is of critical importance in predicting potential infestations of this invasive pest, as eggs are laid in ripe or ripening fruit of several commercially important small‐fruit crops. Token environmental stimuli for the induction of reproductive diapause and improved cold tolerance were identified for D. suzukii. Diapause induction was evaluated by assessing, via dissection, the number of mature eggs carried by field‐captured D. suzukii and laboratory‐reared D. suzukii held under various temperature and photoperiod regimes. Egg load decreased over time in females trapped from July to December at sites in Benton County, OR, and Ontario County, NY, both USA, and reached zero eggs by December at all sites. Photoperiods below 14 h of day length led to reduced egg maturation in laboratory‐reared flies held at moderate temperatures (15 or 20 °C). Whereas very few mature eggs were found in females held at 10 °C under short‐ or long‐day photoperiods for several weeks after eclosion, a spontaneous return to ovarian maturity was observed in short‐day‐entrained females after 7 weeks. Diapause termination was investigated by evaluating fecundity in diapausing females returned to optimal environmental conditions. Whereas long‐day‐entrained flies began producing offspring immediately upon return to optimal conditions, short‐day‐entrained flies returned after 1 and 6 weeks at 10 °C were slower to produce offspring than colony flies or short‐day‐entrained flies returned after 7 weeks. Cold tolerance was evaluated by observing chill coma recovery rates after 24 h exposure to −1 °C. Cold‐acclimated (diapausing) females recovered from chill coma faster than cold‐hardened or unacclimated females.
Differential and delayed response of two ant species to habitat fragmentation via the introduction of a pine matrix
Authors: MCCLENAHAN JEFFREY L. , MELBOURNE BRETT A. , CUNNINGHAM SAUL A. , DAVIES KENDI F. 
Published: June 2016

1. Ants are a ubiquitous and crucial component of Australian Eucalyptus forests, but responses to long‐term habitat fragmentation remain poorly understood. Two ant species were followed across a 21‐year history of pine plantation establishment and maturation in a southeast Australian Eucalyptus forest.2. At Wog Wog in southeastern Australia, a Native Eucalyptus forest was clear‐cut to make way for plantation establishment and 12 remnant patches of forest were left intact and subsequently surrounded by a pine matrix. Pitfall traps were placed in the continuous native forest, remnant Eucalyptus patches, and the pine matrix between fragments, and were stratified based on proximity to remnant patch edges and habitat type. Two ant species are focused on that represent the only remaining data for the early years of the experiment.3. While Leptomyrmex erythrocephalus (Fabricius), the rarer of the two species, was not affected by fragmentation in the short term, 21 years after fragmentation, it was less likely to occur in both the mature pine matrix and fragments than in continuous forest controls. Aphaenogaster longiceps (Smith F.) was equally likely to occur in the fragments, continuous forest, and pine matrix early in the experiment but by year 21 post‐fragmentation was less likely to occur in the pine matrix than fragments or controls.4. Importantly, we only detected negative impacts of fragmentation on ant occurrence as the pine plantation matrix matured and isolated ant populations on fragments.5. It is concluded that changes in matrix suitability and specific habitat characteristics influence ant persistence in Eucalyptus fragments.
Low larval densities in northern populations reinforce range expansion by a Mediterranean damselfly
Authors: Therry Lieven , Swaegers Janne , Van Dinh Khuong , Bonte Dries , Stoks Robby 
Published: June 2016

Summary

Contemporary climate change triggers a poleward range shift in many species. A growing number of studies document evolutionary changes in traits accelerating range expansion (such as growth rate and dispersal‐related traits). In contrast, the direct impact of decreasing conspecific densities towards the very edge of the expansion front has been neglected. Density effects may, however, have a profound direct impact on traits involved in range expansion and influence range dynamics.

In this study, we contrast the effects of high conspecific larval density typical for established populations and low larval density typical for newly founded populations at the edge of the expansion front on a set of larval traits that may affect the range dynamics in the poleward moving damselfly Coenagrion scitulum. We therefore ran an outdoor mesocosm experiment with a low‐ and high‐density treatment close to the species’ northern expansion front. Density effects on survival, growth rate and body size are scored both during the pre‐winter growth period and during the subsequent winter period. Additionally, foraging activity was scored at the end of the pre‐winter period and body condition [size‐corrected body mass, fat content and activity of phenoloxidase (PO)] was scored at the end of the winter period.

The low‐density treatment had strong direct positive effects on survival, growth rate and body size of larvae before winter indicating relaxed competition. Lower foraging activity at the low‐density treatment indicated higher food availability at low conspecific densities. Interestingly, the initial density treatment had stronger effect than densities experienced at the time of quantification on survival during the pre‐freezing winter period and body condition estimates at the end of the experiment, indicating also delayed effects of the initial density treatment. Survival throughout a freezing period indicated extreme winter conditions are not likely a limiting factor in the range expansion of this Mediterranean species.

The increased survival and individual growth rates (through causing shifts in voltinism) at low conspecific density will translate in increased population growth rates. Furthermore, nutritional advantages at low conspecific density may increase investment in dispersal ability. Together, these direct and delayed density‐dependent effects that gradually increase towards the expansion front are expected to accelerate range expansion.
Near‐future pH conditions severely impact calcification, metabolism and the nervous system in the pteropod Heliconoides inflatus
Authors: Moya Aurelie , Howes Ella L. , Lacoue‐Labarthe Thomas , Forêt Sylvain , Hanna Bishoy , Medina Mónica , Munday Philip L. , Ong Jue‐Sheng , Teyssié Jean‐Louis , Torda Gergely , Watson Sue‐Ann , Miller David J. , Bijma Jelle , Gattuso Jean‐Pierre 
Published: June 2016

AbstractShelled pteropods play key roles in the global carbon cycle and food webs of various ecosystems. Their thin external shell is sensitive to small changes in pH, and shell dissolution has already been observed in areas where aragonite saturation state is ~1. A decline in pteropod abundance has the potential to disrupt trophic networks and directly impact commercial fisheries. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how pteropods will be affected by global environmental change, particularly ocean acidification. In this study, physiological and molecular approaches were used to investigate the response of the Mediterranean pteropod, Heliconoides inflatus, to pH values projected for 2100 under a moderate emissions trajectory (RCP6.0). Pteropods were subjected to pHT 7.9 for 3 days, and gene expression levels, calcification and respiration rates were measured relative to pHT 8.1 controls. Gross calcification decreased markedly under low pH conditions, while genes potentially involved in calcification were up‐regulated, reflecting the inability of pteropods to maintain calcification rates. Gene expression data imply that under low pH conditions, both metabolic processes and protein synthesis may be compromised, while genes involved in acid–base regulation were up‐regulated. A large number of genes related to nervous system structure and function were also up‐regulated in the low pH treatment, including a GABAA receptor subunit. This observation is particularly interesting because GABAA receptor disturbances, leading to altered behavior, have been documented in several other marine animals after exposure to elevated CO2. The up‐regulation of many genes involved in nervous system function suggests that exposure to low pH could have major effects on pteropod behavior. This study illustrates the power of combining physiological and molecular approaches. It also reveals the importance of behavioral analyses in studies aimed at understanding the impacts of low pH on marine animals.
Patterns of long‐term care services use in a suburban municipality of Japan: a population‐based study
Authors: Igarashi Ayumi , Yamamoto‐Mitani Noriko , Yoshie Satoru , Iijima Katsuya 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimIncreasing service use under the long‐term care insurance (LTCI) system in Japan requires a comprehensive understanding of how the services are actually used. This study aimed to identify patterns of LTCI service use and to examine the characteristics of the patterns.MethodsWe analyzed data from a population of 4,339 older adults living in the community who were certified as “Needing Care” and were using at least one LTCI service in a suburban municipality of Japan. We identified six patterns of service use using cluster analysis based on the amount of fees for LTCI services and compared characteristics among the clusters.ResultsThe clusters were: 1) light use of care services (n = 1,852); 2) day care‐centered (n = 1,071); 3) day care with rehabilitation‐centered (n = 616); 4) home help‐centered (n = 365); 5) short‐stay respite service‐centered (n = 246); and 6) compound uses of visiting services (n = 189). “Home help‐centered” and “short‐stay respite service‐centered” clusters used a large number of fees, whereas “compound uses of visiting services” clusters did not despite their severe conditions. The “day care‐centered (with rehabilitation)” classification included few people who needed medical procedures, likely due to the lack of medical facilities in those agencies.ConclusionsThe results show the impact of social and medical factors on LTCI service use, suggesting possible difficulties in the socialization of care. The clusters could be used as typical service use patterns, providing a framework for further studies, such as those evaluating the services’ effects. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 753‐759.
Cognitive impairment is independently associated with definitive and possible sarcopenia in hospitalized older adults: The prevalence and impact of comorbidities
Authors: Maeda Keisuke , Akagi Junji 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimOlder adults often present with several comorbidities, including sarcopenia. However, the prevalence of sarcopenia and its associations with other comorbidities in hospitalized older adults are unknown. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia, and its associations with other comorbidities in hospitalized older adults.MethodsThe present cross‐sectional study included 619 patients admitted to a geriatric hospital. The prevalence of comorbidities in the presence and absence of sarcopenia, nutritional status (according to body mass index and the Mini‐Nutritional Assessment‐Short Form), and activities of daily living (according to the Barthel Index) were assessed. Sarcopenia was defined as skeletal muscle loss evaluated by both bioelectrical impedance and handgrip strength analyses.ResultsOf the 619 participants (mean age 83.0 ± 8.2 years), 417 (67.4%) and 87 (14.1%) had definitive and possible sarcopenia, respectively. The prevalence rates of cognitive impairment and stroke were significantly higher in patients with definitive sarcopenia and those with possible sarcopenia than in those without sarcopenia (cognitive impairment 54.4%, 70.1% and 20.9%, respectively, P < 0.001; stroke 31.2%, 48.3% and 19.1%, respectively, P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that cognitive impairment was independently associated with sarcopenia after adjusting for age, sex, the Mini‐Nutritional Assessment‐Short Form score, Barthel Index and primary disease (adjusted odds ratio 1.98, 95% confidence interval 1.06–3.71; P = 0.032).ConclusionsSarcopenia might be highly prevalent among hospitalized older adults. Furthermore, cognitive impairment might be an independent explanatory variable of sarcopenia. Therefore, further studies on sarcopenia in patients with cognitive impairment are warranted. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1048–1056.
Attitudes towards poverty, organizations, ethics and morals: Israeli social workers’ shared decision making
Authors: Levin Lia , Schwartz‐Tayri Talia 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectivePartnerships between service users and social workers are complex in nature and can be driven by both personal and contextual circumstances. This study sought to explore the relationship between social workers’ involvement in shared decision making with service users, their attitudes towards service users in poverty, moral standards and health and social care organizations’ policies towards shared decision making.MethodsBased on the responses of 225 licensed social workers from health and social care agencies in the public, private and third sectors in Israel, path analysis was used to test a hypothesized model.ResultsStructural attributions for poverty contributed to attitudes towards people who live in poverty, which led to shared decision making. Also, organizational support in shared decision making, and professional moral identity, contributed to ethical behaviour which led to shared decision making.ConclusionThe results of this analysis revealed that shared decision making may be a scion of branched roots planted in the relationship between ethics, organizations and Stigma.
Attachment and proliferation of dental pulp stem cells on dentine treated with different regenerative endodontic protocols
Authors: Alghilan M. A. , Windsor L. J. , Palasuk J. , Yassen G. H. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimTo investigate the attachment and proliferation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) on dentine treated with various endodontic regeneration protocols.MethodologyStandardized dentine samples were irrigated with sodium hypochlorite (1.5% NaOCl) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (17% EDTA) and randomized into four treatment groups and two control groups. The treatment groups were treated with a clinically used concentration of triple antibiotic paste (TAP), double antibiotic paste (DAP), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) or diluted TAP in a methylcellulose system (DTAP) for 1 week. Each sample in the treatment groups was then irrigated with EDTA. The two control groups were treated with EDTA or received no treatment. Dental pulp stem cells were seeded on each dentine specimen (10 000 cells). Lactate dehydrogenase activity assays were then performed to evaluate the attached DPSC after 1 day of incubation. Water‐soluble tetrazolium assays were used to determine DPSC proliferation after three additional days of incubation. Friedman's test followed by least significant difference were used for statistical analyses (α = 0.05).ResultsTriple antibiotic paste and DTAP regeneration protocols, as well as EDTA‐treated dentine, caused significant increases in DPSC attachment to dentine. Triple antibiotic paste, DAP and Ca(OH)2 regeneration protocols caused significant reductions in DPSC proliferation on dentine. However, the DTAP regeneration protocol did not have any significant negative effects on DPSC proliferation.ConclusionsThe clinically used endodontic regeneration protocols that include the use of TAP, DAP or Ca(OH)2 medicament negatively affected DPSC proliferation on dentine. However, the use of DTAP medicament during regenerative endodontic treatment may not adversely affect the proliferation of DPSC.
Characterization of a novel MICA allele, MICA*012:05, by cloning and sequencing
Authors: Wang W. Y. , Tian W. , Wang F. , Zhu F. M. , Li L. X. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryA new MICA allelic variant, MICA*012:05, has been identified in a Chinese Mongolian population. Following polymerase chain reaction–sequence‐based typing (PCR‐SBT), this new allele was further confirmed by cloning and sequencing. MICA*012:05 was linked to an HLA‐A*24‐C*01‐B*55:02‐DRB1*09 haplotype. MICA*012:05 differs from MICA*012:01 by a single synonymous C to T substitution at nucleotide position 269 in exon 3.
Rel B‐modified dendritic cells possess tolerogenic phenotype and functions on lupus splenic lymphocytes in vitro
Authors: Wu Haijing , Lo Yi , Chan Albert , Law Ka Sin , Mok Mo Yin 
Published: June 2016

SummarySystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that is characterized by high morbidity and mortality and its treatment remains challenging. Dendritic cells (DCs) have been shown to participate in the initiation and perpetuation of lupus pathogenesis and the DCs that can induce tolerogenicity appear as potential cell‐based therapy in this condition. In this study, we examined the in vitro tolerogenic properties of bone‐marrow derived DCs (BMDCs) in the murine lupus setting. We used lentiviral transduction of RelB‐silencing short hairpin RNA to modify the expression of RelB, a key transcription factor regulating DC maturation, in BMDCs from MRL/MpJ mice. Tolerogenic properties of RelB‐modified DCs were compared with scrambled control (SC) ‐modified DCs. RelB expression was found to be significantly reduced in RelB‐modified DCs derived from MRL/MpJ mice, wild‐type of the same genetic background as MRL/lpr lupus‐prone mice. These MRL/MpJ RelB‐modified DCs displayed semi‐mature phenotype with expression of lower levels of co‐stimulatory molecules compared with SC‐modified DCs. RelB‐modified DCs were found to be low producers of interleukin‐12p70 (IL‐12p70) and could induce hyporesponsiveness of splenic T cells from MRL/MpJ and MRL/lpr mice. Furthermore, they down‐regulated interferon‐γ expression and induced IL‐10‐producing T cells in MRL/MpJ splenocytes, and attenuated interferon‐γ and IL‐17 expression in MRL/lpr splenic CD4+ lymphocytes. Splenocytes primed by RelB‐modified DCs demonstrated antigen‐specific suppressive effects on allogeneic splenocytes. In conclusion, RelB‐silencing in DCs generates DCs of tolerogenic properties with immunomodulatory function and appears as potential option of cell‐targeted therapy.
Needs, expectations and consequences for children growing up in a family where the parent has a mental illness
Authors: Tabak Izabela , Zabłocka‐Żytka Lidia , Ryan Peter , Poma Stefano Zanone , Joronen Katja , Viganò Giovanni , Simpson Wendy , Paavilainen Eija , Scherbaum Norbert , Smith Martin , Dawson Ian 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe lack of pan–European guidelines for empowering children of parents with mental illness led to the EU project CAMILLE – Empowerment of Children and Adolescents of Mentally Ill Parents through Training of Professionals working with children and adolescents. The aim of this initial task in the project was to analyse needs, expectations and consequences for children with respect to living with a parent with mental illness from the perspective of professionals and family members. This qualitative research was conducted in England, Finland, Germany, Italy, Norway, Poland and Scotland with 96 professionals, parents with mental illness, adult children and partners of parents with mental illness. A framework analysis method was used. Results of the study highlighted that the main consequences described for children of parental mental illness were role reversal; emotional and behavioural problems; lack of parent's attention and stigma. The main needs of these children were described as emotional support, security and multidisciplinary help. Implications for practice are that professionals working with parents with mental illness should be aware of the specific consequences for the children and encourage parents in their parental role; multi‐agency collaboration is necessary; schools should provide counselling and prevent stigma.
Nursing in an imperfect world: Storytelling as preparation for mental health nursing practice
Authors: Treloar Anna , McMillan Margaret , Stone Teresa 
Published: June 2016

AbstractStorytelling is a valuable adjunctive method of preparing undergraduate mental health nursing students for practice. To explore the possibilities of this method of teaching, 100 stories were collected from experienced nurses working in mental health and analysed using a case study methodology. The aim was to explore the purpose of clinical anecdotes told by experienced nurses working in mental health settings to undergraduates and new recruits, with an ancillary purpose of looking at the implications of these anecdotes for the exploration of contemporary mental health practice and education. A framework for student discussion of stories is provided. The insights gained illuminate not only the history of mental health nursing and the daily activities of nurses working in mental health, but also some of the deep‐level skills developed and used by these nurses as they work in the complexity and ambiguity of an imperfect world where the job requires managing the unexpected every shift, and where there might not always be a textbook‐perfect solution to clinical situations.
Evaluating a Research Training Programme for People with Intellectual Disabilities Participating in Inclusive Research: The Views of Participants
Authors: Fullana Judit , Pallisera Maria , Català Elena , Puyalto Carolina 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundThis article presents the results of evaluating a research training programme aimed at developing the skills of people with intellectual disabilities to actively participate in inclusive research.MethodsThe present authors opted for a responsive approach to evaluation, using a combination of interviews, questionnaires and focus groups to gather information on the views of students, trainers and members of the research team regarding how the programme progressed, the learning achieved and participants’ satisfaction with the programme.ResultsThe evaluation showed that most of the participants were satisfied with the programme and provided guidelines for planning contents and materials, demonstrating the usefulness of these types of programme in constructing the research group and empowering people with intellectual disabilities to participate in research.ConclusionsThe evaluation revealed that the programme had been a positive social experience that fostered interest in lifelong learning for people with intellectual disabilities.