bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PROPERTIES OF THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM IN STAR-FORMING GALAXIES AT z ∼ 1.4 REVEALED WITH ALMA
Authors: Seko Akifumi , Ohta Kouji , Yabe Kiyoto , Hatsukade Bunyo , Akiyama Masayuki , Iwamuro Fumihide , Tamura Naoyuki , Dalton Gavin 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
We conducted observations of 12CO(J = 5–4) and dust thermal continuum emission toward 20 star-forming galaxies on the main sequence at z ∼ 1.4 using ALMA to investigate the properties of the interstellar medium. The sample galaxies are chosen to trace the distributions of star-forming galaxies in diagrams of stellar mass versus star formation rate and stellar mass versus metallicity. We detected CO emission lines from 11 galaxies. The molecular gas mass is derived by adopting a metallicity-dependent CO-to-H2 conversion factor and assuming a CO(5–4)/CO(1–0) luminosity ratio of 0.23. Masses of molecular gas and its fractions (molecular gas mass/(molecular gas mass + stellar mass)) for the detected galaxies are in the ranges of (3.9–12) × 1010 M
⊙ and 0.25–0.94, respectively; these values are significantly larger than those in local spiral galaxies. The molecular gas mass fraction decreases with increasing stellar mass; the relation holds for four times lower stellar mass than that covered in previous studies, and the molecular gas mass fraction decreases with increasing metallicity. Stacking analyses also show the same trends. Dust thermal emissions were clearly detected from two galaxies and marginally detected from five galaxies. Dust masses of the detected galaxies are (3.9–38) × 107 M
⊙. We derived gas-to-dust ratios and found they are 3–4 times larger than those in local galaxies. The depletion times of molecular gas for the detected galaxies are (1.4–36) × 108 yr while the results of the stacking analysis show ∼3 × 108 yr. The depletion time tends to decrease with increasing stellar mass and metallicity though the trend is not so significant, which contrasts with the trends in local galaxies.
THE INNER EDGE OF THE HABITABLE ZONE FOR SYNCHRONOUSLY ROTATING PLANETS AROUND LOW-MASS STARS USING GENERAL CIRCULATION MODELS
Authors: Kopparapu Ravi kumar , Wolf Eric T. , Haqq-Misra Jacob , Yang Jun , Kasting James F. , Meadows Victoria , Terrien Ryan , Mahadevan Suvrath 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Terrestrial planets at the inner edge of the habitable zone (HZ) of late-K and M-dwarf stars are expected to be in synchronous rotation, as a consequence of strong tidal interactions with their host stars. Previous global climate model (GCM) studies have shown that, for slowly rotating planets, strong convection at the substellar point can create optically thick water clouds, increasing the planetary albedo, and thus stabilizing the climate against a thermal runaway. However these studies did not use self-consistent orbital/rotational periods for synchronously rotating planets placed at different distances from the host star. Here we provide new estimates of the inner edge of the HZ for synchronously rotating terrestrial planets around late-K and M-dwarf stars using a 3D Earth-analog GCM with self-consistent relationships between stellar metallicity, stellar effective temperature, and the planetary orbital/rotational period. We find that both atmospheric dynamics and the efficacy of the substellar cloud deck are sensitive to the precise rotation rate of the planet. Around mid-to-late M-dwarf stars with low metallicity, planetary rotation rates at the inner edge of the HZ become faster, and the inner edge of the HZ is farther away from the host stars than in previous GCM studies. For an Earth-sized planet, the dynamical regime of the substellar clouds begins to transition as the rotation rate approaches ∼10 days. These faster rotation rates produce stronger zonal winds that encircle the planet and smear the substellar clouds around it, lowering the planetary albedo, and causing the onset of the water-vapor greenhouse climatic instability to occur at up to ∼25% lower incident stellar fluxes than found in previous GCM studies. For mid-to-late M-dwarf stars with high metallicity and for mid-K to early-M stars, we agree with previous studies.
SPIN–ORBIT ALIGNMENT OF EXOPLANET SYSTEMS: ENSEMBLE ANALYSIS USING ASTEROSEISMOLOGY
Authors: Campante T. L. , Lund M. N. , Kuszlewicz J. S. , Davies G. R. , Chaplin W. J. , Albrecht S. , Winn J. N. , Bedding T. R. , Benomar O. , Bossini D. , Handberg R. , Santos A. R. G. , Van Eylen V. , Basu S. , Christensen-Dalsgaard J. , Elsworth Y. P. , Hekker S. , Hirano T. , Huber D. , Karoff C. , Kjeldsen H. , Lundkvist M. S. , North T. S. H. , Silva Aguirre V. , Stello D. , White T. R. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
The angle ψ between a planet’s orbital axis and the spin axis of its parent star is an important diagnostic of planet formation, migration, and tidal evolution. We seek empirical constraints on ψ by measuring the stellar inclination i
s via asteroseismology for an ensemble of 25 solar-type hosts observed with NASA’s Kepler satellite. Our results for i
s are consistent with alignment at the 2σ level for all stars in the sample, meaning that the system surrounding the red-giant star Kepler-56 remains as the only unambiguous misaligned multiple-planet system detected to date. The availability of a measurement of the projected spin–orbit angle λ for two of the systems allows us to estimate ψ. We find that the orbit of the hot Jupiter HAT-P-7b is likely to be retrograde (

), whereas that of Kepler-25c seems to be well aligned with the stellar spin axis (

). While the latter result is in apparent contradiction with a statement made previously in the literature that the multi-transiting system Kepler-25 is misaligned, we show that the results are consistent, given the large associated uncertainties. Finally, we perform a hierarchical Bayesian analysis based on the asteroseismic sample in order to recover the underlying distribution of ψ. The ensemble analysis suggests that the directions of the stellar spin and planetary orbital axes are correlated, as conveyed by a tendency of the host stars to display large values of inclination.
MIGRATION TRAPS IN DISKS AROUND SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES
Authors: Bellovary Jillian M. , Low Mordecai-Mark Mac , McKernan Barry , Ford K. E. Saavik 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Accretion disks around supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) contain stars, stellar mass black holes, and other stellar remnants, which perturb the disk gas gravitationally. The resulting density perturbations exert torques on the embedded masses causing them to migrate through the disk in a manner analogous to planets in protoplanetary disks. We determine the strength and direction of these torques using an empirical analytic description dependent on local disk gradients, applied to two different analytic, steady-state disk models of SMBH accretion disks. We find that there are radii in such disks where the gas torque changes sign, trapping migrating objects. Our analysis shows that major migration traps generally occur where the disk surface density gradient changes sign from positive to negative, around 20–300R
g, where R
g = 2GM/c
2 is the Schwarzschild radius. At these traps, massive objects in the AGN disk can accumulate, collide, scatter, and accrete. Intermediate mass black hole formation is likely in these disk locations, which may lead to preferential gap and cavity creation at these radii. Our model thus has significant implications for SMBH growth as well as gravitational wave source populations.
Une juridiction britannique ordonne l'admission au Royaume-Uni de mineurs isolés vivant dans la « jungle » de Calais
Authors: Angliviel Maud 
Published: March 2016

La Haute Cour de Justice (Chambre de l’asile et de l’immigration) a ordonné au Secrétaire d’État du ministère de l’Intérieur d’admettre immédiatement au Royaume-Uni quatre jeunes syriens isolés (dont trois mineurs) vivant dans la « Jungle » calaisienne, afin qu’ils rejoignent leurs familles pendant que leurs demandes d’asile sont examinées. Les juges ont essentiellement fondé cette décision sur le principe du respect de leur vie privée et familiale protégé par l’article 8 de la Convention européenne des droits de l'homme. Cette décision juridictionnelle rendue outre-Manche fait écho à d’autres solutions forgées récemment par des juges administratifs français saisies en référé par des avocats et des associations dans l’espoir de voir les procédures dites de « Dublin positif » aboutir au profit des mineurs non accompagnés.
CYBERNETIC APPROACH IN IDENTIFICATION OF BRAIN PATTERN VARIATIONS IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
Authors: Bajestani Ghasem Sadeghi , Sheikhani Ali , Golpayegani Mohammad Reza Hashemi , Ashrafzadehi Farah , Hebrani Paria 
Published: March 2016

Poincar section is a tool used in analysis and even control of non-linear systems like chaotic and uncertain systems. Although it has been presented long ago, yet this approach is artistic and heuristic. Poincar Section is destitute of any definite methodologies and problems including indefinite structure and model parameters that can be generally attributed to this approach; machine learning based on Poincar section is impossible. In this article, first of all, signal modeling steps using Poincar is explained, then considering the occurred events, the concept of information and relativism applying Poincar section and information approach, we will diagnose the brain pattern variations in Autistic cases. The reason we have taken Autism into consideration is because we believe its origin is information, in other words the big problem in Autism disorder is software kind, which can lead to hardware kind over time. In this research a new kind of representation, namely Extended Complementary Plot, in which the main characteristic is special attention to signal phase as embedded information in the signal and ineffectiveness of energy, is introduced. All the introduced state-of-art concepts on Electroencephalography are implemented on Autistic children. Recording the EEG signal in Autistic children has always been a challenge for the specialists. Implementations of the article have been carried out on over 120 cases including 60 Autistic children and 60 normal ones ranging from 3 to 10 years old, in three different states; asleep, open eyes and a new record based on brain dynamics which has been suggested from the authors and does not have the other records problems for Autistic kids. Prodigious results accomplished, suggests the common dynamic presence in Autism disorder which is entirely different from normal dynamics, and this is only due to the potency of the applied information tool; Poincar section, and cybernetic modeling in this research. We hope that the empirical results of this research to be a strong and effective step towards quantification of Autism disorder and conversion of diagnosis process from Clinical to Para clinical, and even early Autism diagnosis.
A Model of Pressure, Oxygenation, and Perfusion Risk Factors for Pressure Ulcers in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Bly Deborah , Schallom Marilyn , Sona Carrie , Klinkenberg Dean 
Published: March 2016

Background
Although most intensive care patients are at risk for pressure ulcers, not all experience such ulcers.

Objective
To examine a model of variables related to extrinsic and intrinsic pressure on skin and underlying tissues, oxygenation, perfusion, and baseline comorbid conditions to identify risk factors associated with pressure ulcers in critically ill adults.

Method
A retrospective chart review was conducted on patients identified by weekly rounds from January 2010 through October 2010 to determine the prevalence of pressure ulcers. Variables were analyzed via bivariate analysis and logistic regression for unit-acquired pressure ulcers.

Results
Data on 345 patients with 436 intensive care admissions were reviewed. Variables were significant in each model category at P &lt; .05. In the regression analysis of first admission only (n = 306), the model was significant (P &lt; .001) and yielded correct classification of 86.3% of patients. For all intensive care admissions (n = 391), the model was significant (P &lt; .001) and yielded correct classification of 83.9% of patients. In both models, 4 of the same variables were significant: any transport off the unit, number of days to bed change, systolic blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg, and use of more than 1 vasopressor. History of pulmonary disease and presence of a feeding tube were also significant in regression analyses.

Conclusions
Several variables within the model of pressure, oxygenation, and perfusion were significantly associated with development of pressure ulcers.
Use of a Central Catheter Maintenance Bundle in Long-Term Acute Care Hospitals
Authors: Grigonis Antony M. , Dawson Amanda M. , Burkett Mary , Dylag Arthur , Sears Matthew , Helber Betty , Snyder Lisa K. 
Published: March 2016

Objective
Evidence-based guidelines have resulted in decreases in bloodstream infections associated with central catheters (CLABSIs) in hospital intensive care units. However, relatively little is known about CLABSI incidence and prevention in long-term acute care hospitals (LTACHs).

Methods
A central catheter maintenance bundle was implemented in 30 LTACHs, and compliance with the bundle was tracked for 6 months. CLABSI rates were monitored for 14 months before and 14 months after the bundle was implemented.

Results
The pooled mean CLABSI rate (No. of infections per 1000 days with a central catheter) was 1.28 before the bundle and 0.96 after the bundle (repeated measures general linear model; F1,58 = 6.973; P = .01; partial η2 = .11). From 14 months before to 14 months after the bundle was implemented, the mean number of CLABSIs per LTACH decreased by 4.5 (95% CI, 1.85–7.15). Time series modeling showed a significant decrease in the mean hospital CLABSI rate after the bundle was implemented (−0.511 CLABSI/1000 catheter days, SE = 0.050), indicating an immediate effect of the bundle. The mean hospital CLABSI rate was decreasing slightly before the bundle was implemented and continued to decrease at a reduced rate after the bundle was implemented.

Conclusion
The bundle resulted in a significant and sustained reduction in CLABSI rates in 30 LTACHs for 14 months. These results encourage the development and implementation of similar bundles as effective strategies for infection reduction in LTACHs.
Cutting Edge: CLEC5A Mediates Macrophage Function and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Pathologies
Authors: Wortham Brian W. , Eppert Bryan L. , Flury Jennifer L. , Garcia Sara Morgado , Donica Walter R. , Osterburg Andrew , Joyce-Shaikh Barbara , Cua Daniel J. , Borchers Michael T. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a devastating disease with no effective therapies. We investigated the role of the C-type lectin receptor, CLEC5A, in macrophage activation and pulmonary pathogenesis in a mouse model of COPD. We demonstrate that CLEC5A is expressed on alveolar macrophages in mice exposed long-term to cigarette smoke (CS), as well as in human smokers. We also show that CLEC5A-mediated activation of macrophages enhanced cytokine elaboration alone, as well as in combination with LPS or GM-CSF in CS-exposed mice. Furthermore, using Clec5a-deficient mice, we demonstrate that CS-induced macrophage responsiveness is mediated by CLEC5A, and CLEC5A is required for the development of inflammation, proinflammatory cytokine expression, and airspace enlargement. These findings suggest a novel mechanism that promotes airway inflammation and pathologies in response to CS exposure and identifies CLEC5A as a novel target for the therapeutic control of COPD pathogenesis.
HIV Skews the Lineage-Defining Transcriptional Profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis–Specific CD4+ T Cells
Authors: Riou Catherine , Strickland Natalie , Soares Andreia P. , Corleis Björn , Kwon Douglas S. , Wherry E. John , Wilkinson Robert J. , Burgers Wendy A. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
HIV-infected persons are at greater risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) even before profound CD4 loss occurs, suggesting that HIV alters CD4+ T cell functions capable of containing bacterial replication. An effective immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis most likely relies on the development of a balanced CD4 response, in which distinct CD4+ Th subsets act in synergy to control the infection. To define the diversity of M. tuberculosis–specific CD4+ Th subsets and determine whether HIV infection impacts such responses, the expression of lineage-defining transcription factors T-bet, Gata3, RORγt, and Foxp3 was measured in M. tuberculosis–specific CD4+ T cells in HIV-uninfected (n = 20) and HIV-infected individuals (n = 20) with latent TB infection. Our results show that, upon 5-d restimulation in vitro, M. tuberculosis–specific CD4+ T cells from healthy individuals have the ability to exhibit a broad spectrum of Th subsets, defined by specific patterns of transcription factor coexpression. These transcription factor profiles were skewed in HIV-infected individuals where the proportion of T-bethighFoxp3+ M. tuberculosis–specific CD4+ T cells was significantly decreased (p = 0.002) compared with HIV-uninfected individuals, a change that correlated inversely with HIV viral load (p = 0.0007) and plasma TNF-α (p = 0.027). Our data demonstrate an important balance in Th subset diversity defined by lineage-defining transcription factor coexpression profiles that is disrupted by HIV infection and suggest a role for HIV in impairing TB immunity by altering the equilibrium of M. tuberculosis–specific CD4+ Th subsets.
Towards a representation of priming on soil carbon decomposition in the global land biosphere model ORCHIDEE (version 1.9.5.2)
Authors: Guenet Bertrand , Moyano Fernando Esteban , Peylin Philippe , Ciais Philippe , Janssens Ivan A 
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Priming of soil carbon decomposition encompasses different processes through which the decomposition of native (already present) soil organic matter is amplified through the addition of new organic matter, with new inputs typically being more labile than the native soil organic matter. Evidence for priming comes from laboratory and field experiments, but to date there is no estimate of its impact at global scale and under the current anthropogenic perturbation of the carbon cycle. Current soil carbon decomposition models do not include priming mechanisms, thereby introducing uncertainty when extrapolating short-term local observations to ecosystem and regional to global scale. In this study we present a simple conceptual model of decomposition priming, called PRIM, able to reproduce laboratory (incubation) and field (litter manipulation) priming experiments. Parameters for this model were first optimized against data from 20 soil incubation experiments using a Bayesian framework. The optimized parameter values were evaluated against another set of soil incubation data independent from the ones used for calibration and the PRIM model reproduced the soil incubations data better than the original, CENTURY-type soil decomposition model, whose decomposition equations are based only on first-order kinetics. We then compared the PRIM model and the standard first-order decay model incorporated into the global land biosphere model ORCHIDEE (Organising Carbon and Hydrology In Dynamic Ecosystems). A test of both models was performed at ecosystem scale using litter manipulation experiments from five sites. Although both versions were equally able to reproduce observed decay rates of litter, only ORCHIDEE–PRIM could simulate the observed priming (R2  =  0.54) in cases where litter was added or removed. This result suggests that a conceptually simple and numerically tractable representation of priming adapted to global models is able to capture the sign and magnitude of the priming of litter and soil organic matter.
Covalent Immobilization of Glycosaminoglycans to Reduce the Inflammatory Effects of Biomaterials
Authors: Zhou Guoying , Al-Khoury Hala , Groth Thomas 
Published: March 2016

Background The inflammatory responses evoked by artificial organs and implantation of devices like biosensors and guide wires can lead to acute and chronic inflammation, largely limiting the functionality and longevity of the devices with negative effects on patients. Aims The present study aimed to reduce the inflammatory responses to biomaterials by covalent immobilization of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) on amino-terminated surfaces used as model biomaterials here. Methods and Results Water contact angle (WCA) and zeta potential measurements showed a significant increase in wettability and negative charges on the GAG-modified surfaces, respectively, confirming the successful immobilization of GAGs on the amino-terminated surfaces. THP-1-derived macrophages were used as a model cell type to investigate the efficacy of GAG-modified surfaces in modulating inflammatory responses. It was found that macrophage adhesion, macrophage spreading morphology, foreign body giant cell (FBGC) formation, as well as β1 integrin expression and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production were all significantly decreased on GAG-modified surfaces compared to the initial amino-terminated surface. Conclusions This study demonstrates the potential of covalent GAG immobilization to reduce the inflammatory potential of biomaterials in different clinical settings.
Laying Ella's Ghost: Sublimation of Incestuous Love in Eugene O'Neill's Desire under the Elms and A Moon for the Misbegotten
Authors: Majumdar Rupendra Guha 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Eugene O'Neill's treatment of the subject of adult love in the early Desire under the Elms and his concluding work, A Moon for the Misbegotten, finds expression on the dual planes of the maternal and the romantic. The distinction between the two appears in the terms of Oedipal transgression. The former is associated with motherly warmth, security, wholeness of being, and the latter a distracting, erotic passion that only augments desire and self-destruction, leading the concerned protagonists to the threshold of tragedy. For O'Neill, there are semiautobiographical overtones to these depictions. The unsanctioned but conscious alignment of the two dimensions of love raises the specter of incest, which requires a process of exorcism and sublimation for equilibrium to prevail.
Wandering about in the Moonless Darkness: The Plight of the Mother in Long Day's Journey Into Night
Authors: Omori Yuji 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
From the dead mother and child at the end of The Fog to the Pietá scene in A Moon for the Misbegotten, O'Neill repeatedly depicted hopeless mother-and-son images reflecting modern materialistic, patriarchal Western culture. Autobiographical as it is, Long Day's Journey Into Night is no exception, pursuing the theme of reinstating the Mother disrespected in that modern context. Mary's illness is metaphorically a disease caused by patriarchal and materialistic values in combination, while Edmund's tuberculosis evokes the spiritual crisis of modern mankind. Mary's recovery is expected to be a harbinger of the spiritual rebirth of humanity by the empowerment of the Mother, and the play's evocation of the swan maiden theme and its echoes of the Noh play Hagoromo give mythic foundation to this theme.
Quotidian Matters: Reading the Diary of Eugene O'Neill
Authors: King William Davies 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Much attention has been given to the fact that O'Neill unusually involved the material of his life in the composition of his plays, but little has gone to the various diaries he kept on a daily basis through two decades of his career. Biographers and literary historians have used them to establish particular facts and for the self-reflective comments he made now and then, but this essay looks at them as peculiarly self-expressive documents of private experience, especially when read in conjunction with the problematic diaries kept by the women to whom he was married through that period of his life—Agnes Boulton and Carlotta Monterey.