bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Everyday ageism experienced by community-dwelling older people with frailty
Authors: Comerford Saidhbh , O’Kane Ellie , Roe Domhnall , Alsharedah Hamad , O’Neill Benny , Walsh Michael , Briggs Robert 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Ageism encapsulates stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination towards others or oneself based on age. While identified as the most frequent form of discrimination, relatively little work has captured the problem of day-to-day ageism faced by older people with frailty in community settings. The aim of this study therefore was to examine the prevalence of everyday ageism experienced by older people attending hospital-based ambulatory care services, and to clarify its association with measures of quality of life (QOL) and frailty.

Methods
A consecutive series (n = 100) of patients aged ≥ 70 years attending ambulatory care completed focused interviews. Day-to-day experience of ageism was measured with the everyday ageism scale, QOL was measured with the control autonomy self-realisation pleasure scale.

Results
Just over half of participants reported exposure to ageist messages; over 5/6 reported experiencing ageism in interpersonal interactions and 2/3 held some ageist beliefs themselves. Logistic regression demonstrated that experiencing ageism in interpersonal interactions was associated with a higher likelihood of internalised ageism [Adjusted Odds Ratio 6.02 (95% CI 1.70, 21.34); p = 0.005)]. Both ageism in interpersonal interactions [β = −5.22 (95% CI −9.52, −0.91); p = 0.018] and internalised ageism [β = −5.36 (95% CI −8.75, −1.97); p = 0.002] were associated with significantly lower QOL.

Discussion
This study highlights the striking prevalence of everyday ageism experienced by a cohort of community-dwelling older people with frailty and multimorbidity.
In the context of further projected demographic changes in coming decades, with increasingly higher proportions of older people worldwide, these findings highlight an important societal issue that needs to be addressed.

Graphical abstract
The effect of fluence rate and wavelength on the formation of protoporphyrin IX photoproducts
Authors: Ogbonna Sochi J. , Masuda Katsuyoshi , Hazama Hisanao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPhotodynamic diagnosis and therapy (PDD and PDT) are emerging techniques for diagnosing and treating tumors and malignant diseases. Photoproducts of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) used in PDD and PDT may be used in the diagnosis and treatment, making a detailed analysis of the photoproduct formation under various treatment and diagnosis conditions important.Spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analysis of photoproduct formation from PpIX dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide were performed under commonly used irradiation conditions for PDD and PDT, i.e., wavelengths of 405 and 635 nm and fluence rates of 10 and 100 mW/cm2. Irradiation resulted in the formation of hydroxyaldehyde photoproduct (photoprotoporphyrin; Ppp) and formyl photoproduct (product II; Pp II) existing in different quantities with the irradiation wavelength and fluence rate. Ppp was dominant under 635 nm irradiation of PpIX, with a fluorescence peak at 673 nm and a protonated monoisotopic peak at m/z 595.3. PpIX irradiation with 405 nm yielded more Pp II, with a fluorescence peak at 654 nm. A higher photoproduct formation was observed at a low fluence rate for irradiation with 635 nm, while irradiation with 405 nm indicated a higher photoproduct formation at a higher fluence rate.The photoproduct formation with the irradiation conditions can be exploited for dosimetry estimation and may be used as an additional photosensitizer to improve the diagnostics and treatment efficacies of PDD and PDT. Differences in environmental conditions of the present study from that of a biological environment may result in a variation in the photoproduct formation rate and may limit their clinical utilization in PDD and PDT. Thus, further investigation of photoproduct formation rates in more complex biological environments, including in vivo, is necessary. However, the results obtained in this study will serve as a basis for understanding reaction processes in such biological environments.
Graphical abstract
Instant Sign Language Recognition by WAR Strategy Algorithm Based Tuned Machine Learning
Authors: Abd Al-Latief Shahad Thamear , Yussof Salman , Ahmad Azhana , Khadim Saif Mohanad , Abdulhasan Raed Abdulkareem 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSign language serves as the primary means of communication utilized by individuals with hearing and speech disabilities. However, the comprehension of sign language by those without disabilities poses a significant challenge, resulting in a notable disparity in communication across society. Despite the utilization of numerous effective Machine learning techniques, there remains a minor compromise between accuracy rate and computing time when it comes to sign language recognition. A novel sign language recognition system is presented in this paper with an exceptionally accurate and expeditious, which is developed upon the recently devised metaheuristic WAR Strategy optimization algorithm. Following the preprocessing, both of spatial and temporal features has been extracted using the Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Gray-level cooccurrence matrix (GLCM) methods. Afterward, the WAR Strategy optimization algorithm has been adopted in two procedures, first in optimizing the extracted set of features, and second to fine-tune the hyperparameters of six standard machine learning models in order to achieve precise and efficient sign language recognition. The proposed system was assessed on sign language datasets of different languages (American, Arabic, and Malaysian) containing numerous variations. The proposed system attained a recognition accuracy ranging from 93.11% to 100% by employing multiple optimized machine learning classifiers and training time of 0.038–10.48 s. As demonstrated by the experimental outcomes, the proposed system is exceptionally efficient regarding time, complexity, generalization, and accuracy.
A Novel Approach for Model Interpretability and Domain Aware Fine-Tuning in AdaBoost
Authors: Kiran Raj Joseph , Sanil J. , Asharaf S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe success of machine learning in real-world use cases has increased its demand in mission-critical applications such as autonomous vehicles, healthcare and medical diagnosis, aviation and flight safety, natural disaster prediction, early warning systems, etc. Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost) is an ensemble learning method that has gained much traction in such applications. Inherently being a non-interpretable model, the interpretability of the AdaBoost algorithm has been a research topic for many years. Furthermore, most of the research being conducted till now is aimed at explaining AdaBoost using perturbation-based techniques. The paper presents a technique to interpret the AdaBoost algorithm from a data perspective using deletion diagnostics and Cook’s distance. The technique achieves interpretability by detecting the most influential data instances and their impact on the feature importance of the model. This interpretability enables domain experts to accurately modify the significance of specific features in a trained AdaBoost model depending on the data instances. Unlike explaining AdaBoost using perturbation-based techniques, interpreting from a data perspective will enable it to debug data-related biases, errors and to impart the knowledge of the domain experts into the model through domain aware fine-tuning. Experimental studies were conducted with diverse real-world multi-feature datasets to demonstrate interpretability and knowledge integration through domain-aware fine-tuning.
(De)hydration Front Propagation Into Zero‐Permeability Rock
Authors: Schmalholz Stefan M. , Khakimova Lyudmila , Podladchikov Yury , Bras Erwan , Yamato Philippe , John Timm 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHydration and dehydration reactions play pivotal roles in plate tectonics and the deep water cycle, yet many facets of (de)hydration reactions remain unclear. Here, we study (de)hydration reactions where associated solid density changes are predominantly balanced by porosity changes, with solid rock deformation playing a minor role. We propose a hypothesis for three scenarios of (de)hydration front propagation and test it using one‐dimensional hydro‐mechanical‐chemical models. Our models couple porous fluid flow, solid rock volumetric deformation, and (de)hydration reactions described by equilibrium thermodynamics. We couple our transport model with reactions through fluid pressure: the fluid pressure gradient governs porous flow and the fluid pressure magnitude controls the reaction boundary. Our model validates the hypothesized scenarios and shows that the change in solid density across the reaction boundary, from lower to higher pressure, dictates whether hydration or dehydration fronts propagate: decreasing solid density causes dehydration front propagation in the direction opposite to fluid flow while increasing solid density enables both hydration and dehydration front propagation in the same direction as fluid flow. Our models demonstrate that reactions can drive the propagation of (de)hydration fronts, characterized by sharp porosity fronts, into a viscous medium with zero porosity and permeability; such propagation is impossible without reactions, as porosity fronts become trapped. We apply our model to serpentinite dehydration reactions with positive and negative Clapeyron slopes and granulite hydration (eclogitization). We use the results of systematic numerical simulations to derive a new equation that allows estimating the transient, reaction‐induced permeability of natural (de)hydration zones.
Near Real‐Time In Situ Monitoring of Nearshore Ocean Currents Using Distributed Acoustic Sensing on Submarine Fiber‐Optic Cable
Authors: Song Zhenghong , Zeng Xiangfang , Ni Sidao , Chi Benxin , Xu Tengfei , Wei Zexun , Jiang Wenzheng , Chen Sheng , Xie Jun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the nearshore area, ocean current display intricate complexities due to interactions among tide, river, and coastline, which makes accurate current modeling challenging. Continuous in situ observation with high spatial and temporal resolution helps to better understand the dynamics of these currents. In this study, we used a 10‐km long submarine fiber‐optic cable with distributed acoustic sensing technology to record seismic signals associated with ocean waves. The current velocity and water depth were obtained from the velocity dispersion using frequency‐wave number analysis matched against theoretical ocean wave propagation equations. The results show remarkable agreement with observation of a nearby current meter, confirming the dominance of tidal currents as well as a small‐scale residual current. The temporal variation of water depth is consistent with observation by a nearby tidal gauge. This study demonstrates the potential of using submarine fiber‐optic cable for long‐term, high‐resolution, near real‐time nearshore current monitoring.
Anatomy of the Emeishan Mantle Plume Head: Insights From New Geochronologic, Geochemical, and Geologic Data
Authors: Li Hongbo , Zhang Zhaochong , Liu Ran , Reichow Marc K. , Zhu Jiang , Ernst Richard , Santosh M. , Wang Wei , Li Changquan , Li Botong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe link between mantle plumes and the formation of large igneous provinces (LIPs) is well established although the anatomy of these remains equivocal. Recent experimental studies and geophysical data suggest that the mantle plume head is more likely to be irregular and asymmetric, rather than an axisymmetric flattened disk. The Emeishan large igneous province (ELIP) provides a unique opportunity to test this hypothesis. According to robust petrographic, geochronologic, and geochemical evidence from the late Permian basalts in the Sichuan Basin, and in conjunction with a comprehensive compilation of geologic maps and published geochemical data from the ELIP, we identified several giant radial “fingering” structures. Based on the shallow mantle source from the center to margin in the ELIP and relief of the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary, we propose a new mantle plume model to explain the evolution of the Emeishan plume periphery, where narrow finger‐like protrusions and plumelets developed outwards from the main body of the plume to the edges of the flattened plume head. Dragged fingers might have been torn apart into some plumelets, which dispersed and were trapped beneath the thinnest lithosphere relief, and eventually erupted to form small‐scale flood basalt in the Outer Zone of the ELIP.
Auroral Bead Propagation: Explanation Based on the Conservation of Vorticity
Authors: Ohtani Shinichi , Motoba Tetsuo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe beading of auroral arcs often takes place at substorm onset. It is known that auroral beads propagate more often eastward than westward at several km/s, which is difficult to explain by existing models. We investigate this issue observationally and theoretically. First, based on previous research and additional statistical analysis, we suggest that (a) auroral beads often propagate eastward in the presence of westward background convection, and (b) background ionospheric convection may be better represented by large‐scale convection for westward propagation, and by meso‐scale convection for eastward propagation. Then we model auroral beads as vortices of ionospheric flow, and consider the longitudinal propagation of their meridional displacement based on the conservation of vorticity. Here it is crucial that the background zonal flow has vorticity (i.e., flow shear) changing with latitude. It is found that the wave propagates either parallel or anti‐parallel to the background flow depending on whether the background vorticity increases or decreases in latitude, and if its latitudinal scale is significantly smaller than the longitudinal wavelength, the phase velocity exceeds the background flow speed. The result suggests that the latitudinal structure of the background flow is crucial for the bead propagation. More specifically, the aforementioned feature (a) implies that the zonal flow associated with eastward propagation is confined in latitude, which may correspond to the preonset approach of mesoscale flows. In contrast, the large‐scale ionospheric flow suggested for westward propagation as described in (b) may correspond to the global convection of the conventional growth phase.
Antarctic krill sequester similar amounts of carbon to key coastal blue carbon habitats
Authors: Cavan E. L. , Mackay N. , Hill S. L. , Atkinson A. , Belcher A. , Visser A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe carbon sequestration potential of open-ocean pelagic ecosystems is vastly under-reported compared to coastal vegetation ‘blue carbon’ systems. Here we show that just a single pelagic harvested species, Antarctic krill, sequesters a similar amount of carbon through its sinking faecal pellets as marshes, mangroves and seagrass. Due to their massive population biomass, fast-sinking faecal pellets and the modest depths that pellets need to reach to achieve sequestration (mean is 381 m), Antarctic krill faecal pellets sequester 20 MtC per productive season (spring to early Autumn). This is equates USD$ 4 − 46 billion depending on the price of carbon, with krill pellet carbon stored for at least 100 years and with some reaching as far as the North Pacific. Antarctic krill are being impacted by rapid polar climate change and an expanding fishery, thus krill populations and their habitat warrant protection to preserve this valuable carbon sink.
Non-invasive optoacoustic imaging of glycogen-storage and muscle degeneration in late-onset Pompe disease
Authors: Tan Lina , Zschüntzsch Jana , Meyer Stefanie , Stobbe Alica , Bruex Hannah , Regensburger Adrian P. , Claßen Merle , Alves Frauke , Jüngert Jörg , Rother Ulrich , Li Yi , Danko Vera , Lang Werner , Türk Matthias , Schmidt Sandy , Vorgerd Matthias , Schlaffke Lara , Woelfle Joachim , Hahn Andreas , Mensch Alexander , Winterholler Martin , Trollmann Regina , Heiß Rafael , Wagner Alexandra L. , Raming Roman , Knieling Ferdinand 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPompe disease (PD) is a rare autosomal recessive glycogen storage disorder that causes proximal muscle weakness and loss of respiratory function. While enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is the only effective treatment, biomarkers for disease monitoring are scarce. Following ex vivo biomarker validation in phantom studies, we apply multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT), a laser- and ultrasound-based non-invasive imaging approach, in a clinical trial (NCT05083806) to image the biceps muscles of 10 late-onset PD (LOPD) patients and 10 matched healthy controls. MSOT is compared with muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, spirometry, muscle testing and quality of life scores. Next, results are validated in an independent LOPD patient cohort from a second clinical site. Our study demonstrates that MSOT enables imaging of subcellular disease pathology with increases in glycogen/water, collagen and lipid signals, providing higher sensitivity in detecting muscle degeneration than current methods. This translational approach suggests implementation in the complex care of these rare disease patients.
Human cell surface-AAV interactomes identify LRP6 as blood-brain barrier transcytosis receptor and immune cytokine IL3 as AAV9 binder
Authors: Shay Timothy F. , Jang Seongmin , Brittain Tyler J. , Chen Xinhong , Walker Beth , Tebbutt Claire , Fan Yujie , Wolfe Damien A. , Arokiaraj Cynthia M. , Sullivan Erin E. , Ding Xiaozhe , Wang Ting-Yu , Lei Yaping , Chuapoco Miguel R. , Chou Tsui-Fen , Gradinaru Viviana 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAdeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are foundational gene delivery tools for basic science and clinical therapeutics. However, lack of mechanistic insight, especially for engineered vectors created by directed evolution, can hamper their application. Here, we adapt an unbiased human cell microarray platform to determine the extracellular and cell surface interactomes of natural and engineered AAVs. We identify a naturally-evolved and serotype-specific interaction between the AAV9 capsid and human interleukin 3 (IL3), with possible roles in host immune modulation, as well as lab-evolved low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) interactions specific to engineered capsids with enhanced blood-brain barrier crossing in non-human primates after intravenous administration. The unbiased cell microarray screening approach also allows us to identify off-target tissue binding interactions of engineered brain-enriched AAV capsids that may inform vectors’ peripheral organ tropism and side effects. Our cryo-electron tomography and AlphaFold modeling of capsid-interactor complexes reveal LRP6 and IL3 binding sites. These results allow confident application of engineered AAVs in diverse organisms and unlock future target-informed engineering of improved viral and non-viral vectors for non-invasive therapeutic delivery to the brain.
Structures of the human leading strand Polε–PCNA holoenzyme
Authors: He Qing , Wang Feng , Yao Nina Y. , O’Donnell Michael E. , Li Huilin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn eukaryotes, the leading strand DNA is synthesized by Polε and the lagging strand by Polδ. These replicative polymerases have higher processivity when paired with the DNA clamp PCNA. While the structure of the yeast Polε catalytic domain has been determined, how Polε interacts with PCNA is unknown in any eukaryote, human or yeast. Here we report two cryo-EM structures of human Polε–PCNA–DNA complex, one in an incoming nucleotide bound state and the other in a nucleotide exchange state. The structures reveal an unexpected three-point interface between the Polε catalytic domain and PCNA, with the conserved PIP (PCNA interacting peptide)-motif, the unique P-domain, and the thumb domain each interacting with a different protomer of the PCNA trimer. We propose that the multi-point interface prevents other PIP-containing factors from recruiting to PCNA while PCNA functions with Polε. Comparison of the two states reveals that the finger domain pivots around the [4Fe-4S] cluster-containing tip of the P-domain to regulate nucleotide exchange and incoming nucleotide binding.
Transient colonizing microbes promote gut dysbiosis and functional impairment
Authors: Lee Sunjae , Meslier Victoria , Bidkhori Gholamreza , Garcia-Guevara Fernando , Etienne-Mesmin Lucie , Clasen Frederick , Park Junseok , Plaza Oñate Florian , Cai Haizhuang , Le Chatelier Emmanuelle , Pons Nicolas , Pereira Marcela , Seifert Maike , Boulund Fredrik , Engstrand Lars , Lee Doheon , Proctor Gordon , Mardinoglu Adil , Blanquet-Diot Stéphanie , Moyes David , Almeida Mathieu , Ehrlich S. Dusko , Uhlen Mathias , Shoaie Saeed 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSpecies composition of the healthy adult gut microbiota tends to be stable over time. Destabilization of the gut microbiome under the influence of different factors is the main driver of the microbial dysbiosis and subsequent impacts on host physiology. Here, we used metagenomics data from a Swedish longitudinal cohort, to determine the stability of the gut microbiome and uncovered two distinct microbial species groups; persistent colonizing species (PCS) and transient colonizing species (TCS). We validated the continuation of this grouping, generating gut metagenomics data for additional time points from the same Swedish cohort. We evaluated the existence of PCS/TCS across different geographical regions and observed they are globally conserved features. To characterize PCS/TCS phenotypes, we performed bioreactor fermentation with faecal samples and metabolic modeling. Finally, using chronic disease gut metagenome and other multi-omics data, we identified roles of TCS in microbial dysbiosis and link with abnormal changes to host physiology.
Perceived vulnerability to disease in pregnancy and parenthood and its impact on newborn health
Authors: Sorokowska Agnieszka , Pytlinska Aleksandra , Frackowiak Tomasz , Sorokowski Piotr , Oleszkiewicz Anna , Stefanczyk Michal Mikolaj , Rokosz Marta 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSusceptibility to diseases and fear of infections might vary intra-individually, depending on life circumstances. The main aims of the current research were to examine whether perceived vulnerability to disease (PVD) is higher in expectant women and their partners as compared to their non-pregnant peers (Study 1), and to test whether a mother’s disease aversion during pregnancy relates to health of her newborn (Study 2). In Study 1 we collected cross-sectional data from 412 men and women varying in parenthood status. Pregnant female participants were more likely to exhibit higher levels of PVD as compared with childless peers, although mothers also reported relatively high PVD scores. PVD in men, generally lower than that of women, seemed to be rather independent of their parenthood status. In Study 2, a sample of 200 pregnant women completed the PVD scale during the second pregnancy trimester and a follow-up survey after their child was born. We found that PVD in pregnant women was not related to further health outcomes in their newborns. Birth weight, average Apgar score, and general health of a newborn were not associated with the pregnancy-period mother’s PVD score. However, the probability of giving birth to a child with 10 Apgar points was higher in younger mothers and tended to decrease with the increasing number of health issues before pregnancy. Overall, this research contributes to understanding of the health-oriented beliefs of expectant parents and parents of infants, but it also shows that the possible, PVD-related disease avoidance has a relatively little effect on basic markers of a newborn’s health.