bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impaired emotion recognition in Cntnap2-deficient mice is associated with hyper-synchronous prefrontal cortex neuronal activity
Authors: Mohapatra Alok Nath , Jabarin Renad , Ray Natali , Netser Shai , Wagner Shlomo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIndividuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show difficulty in recognizing emotions in others, a process termed emotion recognition. While human fMRI studies linked multiple brain areas to emotion recognition, the specific mechanisms underlying impaired emotion recognition in ASD are not clear. Here, we employed an emotional state preference (ESP) task to show that Cntnap2-knockout (KO) mice, an established ASD model, do not distinguish between conspecifics according to their emotional state. We assessed brain-wide local-field potential (LFP) signals during various social behavior tasks and found that Cntnap2-KO mice exhibited higher LFP theta and gamma rhythmicity than did C57BL/6J mice, even at rest. Specifically, Cntnap2-KO mice showed increased theta coherence, especially between the prelimbic cortex (PrL) and the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, during social behavior. Moreover, we observed significantly increased Granger causality of theta rhythmicity between these two brain areas, across several types of social behavior tasks. Finally, optogenetic stimulation of PrL pyramidal neurons in C57BL/6J mice impaired their social discrimination abilities, including in ESP. Together, these results suggest that increased rhythmicity of PrL pyramidal neuronal activity and its hyper-synchronization with specific brain regions are involved in the impaired emotion recognition exhibited by Cntnap2-KO mice.
Antibiotic exposure for culture-negative early-onset sepsis in late-preterm and term newborns: an international study
Authors: Dimopoulou Varvara , Klingenberg Claus , Navér Lars , Nordberg Viveka , Berardi Alberto , el Helou Salhab , Fusch Gerhard , Bliss Joseph M. , Lehnick Dirk , Guerina Nicholas , Seliga-Siwecka Joanna , Maton Pierre , Lagae Donatienne , Mari Judit , Janota Jan , Agyeman Philipp K. A. , Pfister Riccardo , Latorre Giuseppe , Maffei Gianfranco , Laforgia Nicola , Mózes Enikő , Størdal Ketil , Strunk Tobias , Stocker Martin , Giannoni Eric ,   the AENEAS Study Group, Grazia Capretti Maria , Martina Ceccoli , Morena De Angelis , Pietro Drimaco , Khalyane Eap , Zoe el Helou , Rana Esmaeilizand , Alessandra Foglianese , Carmelo Geraci , Bartłomiej Grochowski , Stellan Håkansson , Sharandeep Kaur , Anne-Louise Kollegger , Frida Oldendorff , Vittoria Rizzo , Rønnestad Arild E. , Damber Shrestha , Jørgen Stensvold Hans , Martin Trefny , Kristyna Zilinska , Aleksandra Zwijacz 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Early-life antibiotic exposure is disproportionately high compared to the burden of culture-proven early-onset sepsis (CP-EOS). We assessed the contribution of culture-negative cases to the overall antibiotic exposure in the first postnatal week.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis across eleven countries in Europe, North America, and Australia. All late-preterm and term infants born between 2014 and 2018 who received intravenous antibiotics during the first postnatal week were classified as culture-negative cases treated for ≥5 days (CN ≥ 5d), culture-negative cases treated for <5 days (CN < 5d), or CP-EOS cases.

Results
Out of 757,979 infants, 21,703 (2.9%) received intravenous antibiotics. The number of infants classified as CN ≥ 5d, CN < 5d, and CP-EOS was 7996 (37%), 13,330 (61%), and 375 (1.7%). The incidence of CN ≥ 5d, CN < 5d, and CP-EOS was 10.6 (95% CI 10.3–10.8), 17.6 (95% CI 17.3–17.9), and 0.49 (95% CI 0.44–0.54) cases per 1000 livebirths. The median (IQR) number of antibiotic days administered for CN ≥ 5d, CN < 5d, and CP-EOS was 77 (77–78), 53 (52–53), and 5 (5-5) per 1000 livebirths.

Conclusions
CN ≥ 5d substantially contributed to the overall antibiotic exposure, and was 21-fold more frequent than CP-EOS. Antimicrobial stewardship programs should focus on shortening antibiotic treatment for culture-negative cases.

Impact

In a study of 757,979 infants born in high-income countries, we report a presumed culture-negative early-onset sepsis incidence of 10.6/1000 livebirths with an associated antibiotic exposure of 77 antibiotic days per 1000 livebirths.

This study sheds light on the major contribution of presumed culture-negative early-onset sepsis to early-life antibiotic exposure.

Given the diagnostic uncertainty surrounding culture-negative early-onset sepsis, the low mortality rate, and the disproportionate antibiotic exposure associated with this condition, our study emphasizes the importance of targeting culture-negative early-onset sepsis in antimicrobial stewardship programs.
Elevated cerebral perfusion in neonatal encephalopathy is associated with neurodevelopmental impairments
Authors: Tuura Ruth O’Gorman , Kottke Raimund , Brotschi Barbara , Sabandal Carola , Hagmann Cornelia , Latal Beatrice 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) represents a primary cause of neonatal death and neurodevelopmental impairments. In newborns with NE, cerebral hyperperfusion is related to an increased risk of severe adverse outcomes, but less is known about the link between perfusion and mild to moderate developmental impairments or developmental delay.

Methods
Using arterial spin labelling perfusion MRI, we investigated the link between perfusion in 36 newborns with NE and developmental outcome at 2 years.

Results
53% of the infants demonstrated a normal outcome at 24 months, while two had cerebral palsy with impairments in cognitive, motor, and language domains, and three infants died. The remaining infants showed mild or moderate delays in development in one or two domains. Hyperperfusion across the whole brain was associated with more adverse outcome, including an increased risk of death or severe disability such as cerebral palsy. Among the surviving infants, higher perfusion in the bilateral basal ganglia, thalamus, hippocampus and cerebellum during the neonatal period was related to a poorer cognitive outcome at 2 years.

Conclusion
Hyperperfusion in infants with NE was associated with a more adverse outcome and lower cognitive outcome scores. In addition to severe adverse outcomes, altered perfusion is also related to mild to moderate impairment following HIE.

Impact statement

Neonates with neonatal encephalopathy (NE) show increased cerebral perfusion globally, which is linked to a more adverse outcome.

Higher perfusion in the bilateral basal ganglia, thalamus, hippocampus and cerebellum during the neonatal period was related to a poorer cognitive outcome at 2 years.

In addition to severe adverse outcomes altered perfusion is related to mild to moderate impairment following NE.

To improve neurodevelopmental outcomes, it is important to improve our understanding of the factors influencing cerebral perfusion in infants with NE.
Recommended procedures for managing carious lesions in primary teeth with pulp involvement—a scoping review
Authors: Maldupa Ilze , Al-Yaseen Waraf , Giese Julius , Ahmed Elagami Rokaia , Raggio Daniela Prócida 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Managing dental caries in primary teeth with pulp involvement is a significant challenge. Clinical guidelines offer recommendations for effective management.

Aim
To identify and analyze policies, guidelines, and recommendations for treating primary teeth with pulp-involved carious lesions, highlighting existing research gaps and setting the foundation for future research.

Methods
A comprehensive search was conducted across databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, GIN, and LILACS) and grey literature sources (Trip and ProQuest) to identify guidelines, consensus, policy, and position statements on primary teeth pulp therapy and extraction thresholds. Two independent reviewers screened the abstracts and titles, followed by full-text screening.

Results
After removing duplication, of the 1098 records, 14 were selected for analysis. This review examined various treatments for deep caries lesions in primary teeth, including indirect/direct pulp capping, pulpotomy, pulpectomy, lesion sterilization/tissue restoration, and extraction. Time search was restricted to documents published from 30th January 2008 to 30th January 2024, offering insights into evolving clinical practices.

Conclusion
Treatment for carious lesions in primary teeth involving the pulp depends on clinical indications and may involve minimally invasive techniques. Recommended options are indirect pulp capping, pulpotomy, and pulpectomy, while direct capping and tooth removal are discouraged. Further research is needed to address gaps, improve guideline development, and enhance consistency of recommendations.
Retention of ES cell-derived 129S genome drives NLRP1 hypersensitivity and transcriptional deregulation in Nlrp3tm1Flv mice
Authors: Weiss Felix D. , Alvarez Yubell , Shakeri Farhad , Sahu Anshupa , Leka Petro , Dernst Alesja , Rollheiser Jessika , Vasconcelos Matilde , Geraci Adriana , Duthie Fraser , Stahl Rainer , Lee Hye Eun , Gellner Anne-Kathrin , Buness Andreas , Latz Eicke , Meissner Felix 
Published: September 2024

AbstractImmune response genes are highly polymorphic in humans and mice, with heterogeneity amongst loci driving strain-specific host defence responses. The inadvertent retention of polymorphic loci can introduce confounding phenotypes, leading to erroneous conclusions, and impeding scientific advancement. In this study, we employ a combination of RNAseq and variant calling analyses to identify a substantial region of 129S genome, including the highly polymorphic Nlrp1 locus, proximal to Nlrp3, in one of the most commonly used mouse models of NLRP3 deficiency (Nlrp3tm1Flv). We show that the presence of the Nlrp1129S locus leads to an increase in NLRP1B protein expression, and a sensitising of Nlrp3tm1Flv macrophages to NLRP1 inflammasome activation, independent of NLRP3 deficiency. Retention of 129S genome further leads to protein sequence differences and altered gene regulation across multiple cell types, including of the key tissue-resident macrophage marker, TIM4. Using alternative models of NLRP3 deficiency, including a previously undescribed conditional Nlrp3 allele enabling precise temporal and cell-type specific control over Nlrp3 deletion, we further show that NLRP3 contributes to Talabostat-driven IL-1β release. Our study also establishes a generic framework to identify functionally relevant SNPs and assess genomic contamination in transgenic mice using RNAseq data. This allows for unambiguous attribution of phenotypes to the target gene and advances the precision and reliability of research in the field of host defence responses.
Iron chelation as a new therapeutic approach to prevent senescence and liver fibrosis progression
Authors: Amengual Josep , Alay Ania , Vaquero Javier , Gonzalez-Sanchez Ester , Bertran Esther , Sánchez Aránzazu , Herrera Blanca , Meyer Kathleen , Maus Mate , Serrano Manuel , Martínez-Chantar María Luz , Fabregat Isabel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIron overload and cellular senescence have been implicated in liver fibrosis, but their possible mechanistic connection has not been explored. To address this, we have delved into the role of iron and senescence in an experimental model of chronic liver injury, analyzing whether an iron chelator would prevent liver fibrosis by decreasing hepatocyte senescence. The model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in mice was used as an experimental model of liver fibrosis. Results demonstrated that during the progression of liver fibrosis, accumulation of iron occurs, concomitant with the appearance of fibrotic areas and cells undergoing senescence. Isolated parenchymal hepatocytes from CCl4-treated mice present a gene transcriptomic signature compatible with iron accumulation and senescence, which correlates with induction of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-related genes, activation of the Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) pathway and inhibition of oxidative metabolism. Analysis of the iron-related gene signature in a published single-cell RNA-seq dataset from CCl4-treated livers showed iron accumulation correlating with senescence in other non-parenchymal liver cells. Treatment with deferiprone, an iron chelator, attenuated iron accumulation, fibrosis and senescence, concomitant with relevant changes in the senescent-associated secretome (SASP), which switched toward a more anti-inflammatory profile of cytokines. In vitro experiments in human hepatocyte HH4 cells demonstrated that iron accumulates in response to a senescence-inducing reagent, doxorubicin, being deferiprone able to prevent senescence and SASP, attenuating growth arrest and cell death. However, deferiprone did not significantly affect senescence induced by two different agents (doxorubicin and deoxycholic acid) or activation markers in human hepatic stellate LX-2 cells. Transcriptomic data from patients with different etiologies demonstrated the relevance of iron accumulation in the progression of liver chronic damage and fibrosis, correlating with a SASP-related gene signature and pivotal hallmarks of fibrotic changes. Altogether, our study establishes iron accumulation as a clinically exploitable driver to attenuate pathological senescence in hepatocytes.
Enhancers in T Cell development and malignant lesions
Authors: Zhang Tong , Zou Lin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEnhancers constitute a vital category of cis-regulatory elements with a Mediator complex within DNA sequences, orchestrating gene expression by activating promoters. In the development of T cells, some enhancers regulate the critical genes, which might also regulate T cell malignant lesions. This review is to comprehensively elucidate the contributions of enhancers in both normal T cell development and its malignant pathogenesis, proposing the idea that the precise subunits of the Mediator complex are the potential drug target for disrupting the specific gene enhancer for T cell malignant diseases.
in situ observation of reversible phase transitions in Gd-doped ceria driven by electron beam irradiation
Authors: Ran Ke , Zeng Fanlin , Jin Lei , Baumann Stefan , Meulenberg Wilhelm A. , Mayer Joachim 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCeria-based oxides are widely utilized in diverse energy-related applications, with attractive functionalities arising from a defective structure due to the formation of mobile oxygen vacancies ($${V}_{O}^{\cdot \cdot }$$

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). Notwithstanding its significance, behaviors of the defective structure and $${V}_{O}^{\cdot \cdot }$$

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in response to external stimuli remain incompletely explored. Taking the Gd-doped ceria (Ce0.88Gd0.12O2-δ) as a model system and leveraging state-of-the-art transmission electron microscopy techniques, reversible phase transitions associated with massive $${V}_{O}^{\cdot \cdot }$$

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rearrangement are stimulated and visualized in situ with sub-Å resolution. Electron dose rate is identified as a pivotal factor in modulating the phase transition, and both the $${V}_{O}^{\cdot \cdot }$$

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concentration and the orientation of the newly formed phase can be altered via electron beam. Our results provide indispensable insights for understanding and refining the microscopic pathways of phase transition as well as defect engineering, and could be applied to other similar functional oxides.
Understanding the origin of lithium dendrite branching in Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12 solid-state electrolyte via microscopy measurements
Authors: Yildirim Can , Flatscher Florian , Ganschow Steffen , Lassnig Alice , Gammer Christoph , Todt Juraj , Keckes Jozef , Rettenwander Daniel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLithium dendrite growth in inorganic solid-state electrolytes acts as a main stumbling block for the commercial development of all-solid-state lithium batteries. Indeed, Li dendrites often lead to solid-state electrolyte fractures, undermining device integrity and safety. Despite the significance of these issues, the mechanisms driving the solid-state electrolyte fracture process at the microscopic level remain poorly understood. Here, via operando optical and ex situ dark field X-ray microscopy measurements of LiSn∣single-crystal Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12∣LiSn symmetric cells, we provide insights into solid-state electrolyte strain patterns and lattice orientation changes associated with dendrite growth. We report the observation of dislocations in the immediate vicinity of dendrite tips, including one instance where a dislocation is anchored directly to a tip. This latter occurrence in single-crystalline ceramics suggests an interplay between dendrite proliferation and dislocation formation. We speculate that the mechanical stress induced by dendrite expansion triggers dislocation generation. These dislocations seem to influence the fracture process, potentially affecting the directional growth and branching observed in lithium dendrites.
Frontoparietal network topology as a neural marker of musical perceptual abilities
Authors: Lumaca M. , Keller P. E. , Baggio G. , Pando-Naude V. , Bajada C. J. , Martinez M. A. , Hansen J. H. , Ravignani A. , Joe N. , Vuust P. , Vulić K. , Sandberg K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWhy are some individuals more musical than others? Neither cognitive testing nor classical localizationist neuroscience alone can provide a complete answer. Here, we test how the interplay of brain network organization and cognitive function delivers graded perceptual abilities in a distinctively human capacity. We analyze multimodal magnetic resonance imaging, cognitive, and behavioral data from 200+ participants, focusing on a canonical working memory network encompassing prefrontal and posterior parietal regions. Using graph theory, we examine structural and functional frontoparietal network organization in relation to assessments of musical aptitude and experience. Results reveal a positive correlation between perceptual abilities and the integration efficiency of key frontoparietal regions. The linkage between functional networks and musical abilities is mediated by working memory processes, whereas structural networks influence these abilities through sensory integration. Our work lays the foundation for future investigations into the neurobiological roots of individual differences in musicality.
Tracing the electron transport behavior in quantum-dot light-emitting diodes via single photon counting technique
Authors: Su Qiang , Chen Zinan , Chen Shuming 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe electron injection and transport behavior are of vital importance to the performance of quantum-dot light-emitting diodes. By simultaneously measuring the electroluminescence-photoluminescence of the quantum-dot light-emitting diodes, we identify the presence of leakage electrons which leads to the discrepancy of the electroluminescence and the photoluminescence roll-off. To trace the transport paths of the leakage electrons, a single photon counting technique is developed. This technique enables us to detect the weak photon signals and thus provides a means to visualize the electron transport paths at different voltages. The results show that, the electrons, except those recombining within the quantum-dots, leak to the hole transport layer or recombine at the hole transport layer/quantum-dot interface, thus leading to the reduction of efficiency. By reducing the amount of leakage electrons, quantum-dot light-emitting diode with an internal power conversion efficiency of over 98% can be achieved.
Transparency and adaptability aid in realigning the complexity of objectives, approaches, and systems in human-wildlife coexistence research
Authors: Hoffmann Claire F. , Beck Jacalyn M. , Kaihula Roselyn W. , Montgomery Robert A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHuman-wildlife interactions are situated within dynamic systems, characterized by social and ecological complexity. Human-wildlife coexistence research, however, typically focuses on one component of these systems in isolation. We inadvertently followed this norm while carrying out semi-structured interviews of livestock-owners in Northern Tanzania. As existing literature highlighted that this area was a hotspot for livestock depredation, our research questions focused on human interactions with carnivores. Interestingly, almost three quarters (72%, n = 72 of 100) of study participants independently raised African elephants (Loxodonta africana) as presenting the greatest impediments to coexistence. By centering our interviews on carnivores, we omitted vital components of this complex system. To counteract the effects of this oversimplification, we changed our intended analytical process after data collection. Instead of conducting a quantitative analysis of rates of livestock depredation and perceptions of risk posed by a suite of sympatric carnivores, we applied a grounded theory approach to assess interactions across multiple dimensions of this complex system. Through this transparent effort to realign our approaches with the complexity of the study system, we highlight the importance of designing research approaches that effectively reflect the complexities inherent to human-wildlife coexistence.
How storage post sampling influences the stability of sebum when used for mass spectrometry metabolomics analysis?
Authors: Walton-Doyle Caitlin , Sinclair Eleanor , Begum Humayra , Hollywood Katherine A. , Trivedi Drupad K. , Barran Perdita 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSebum is a biofluid excreted by sebaceous glands in the skin. In recent years sebum has been shown to contain endogenous metabolites diagnostic of disease, with remarkable results for Parkinson’s Disease. Given that sebum sampling is facile and non-invasive, its potential for use in clinical biochemistry diagnostic assays should be explored including the parameters for standard operating procedures around collection, transport, and storage. To this aim we have here investigated the reproducibility of mass spectrometry data from sebum in relation to both storage temperature and length of storage. Sebum samples were collected from volunteers and stored for up to four weeks at a range of temperatures: ambient (circa 17 °C), −20 °C and −80 °C. Established extraction protocols were employed and samples were analysed by two chromatographic mass spectrometry techniques and data investigated using PCA, PLS-DA and ANOVA. We cannot discriminate samples as a function of storage temperature or time stored in unsupervised analysis using data acquired via TD–GC–MS and LC–IM–MS, although the sampling of volatiles was susceptible to batch effects. This study indicates that the requirements for storage and transport of sebum samples that may be used in clinical assays are less stringent than for liquid samples and indicate that sebum is suitable for remote and at home sampling prior to analysis.