bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Langzeitpflegepräferenzen der Älteren in Deutschland – Ergebnisse einer bevölkerungsrepräsentativen Umfrage
Authors: Hajek André , Lehnert Thomas , Wegener Annemarie , Riedel-Heller Steffi , König Hans-Helmut 
Published: March 2017

Zusammenfassung
Im Zuge der demografischen Entwicklung ist davon auszugehen, dass der Bedarf an Langzeitpflege in den nächsten Jahrzehnten deutlich ansteigen wird. Demzufolge ist das Wissen um die Langzeitpflegepräferenzen von großer Relevanz. Diese Arbeit zielt darauf ab, die Langzeitpflegepräferenzen der älteren Menschen in Deutschland darzustellen.
Auf Basis eines Literaturreviews und von Experteninterviews wurde ein Fragebogen zur Messung von Langzeitpflegepräferenzen entwickelt. Im Jahr 2015 wurde eine bevölkerungsrepräsentative Telefonbefragung von Personen im Alter ≥65 Jahre in Deutschland (n=1 006) durchgeführt.
Das Durchschnittsalter der Stichprobe betrug 75,2 Jahre (±6,6 Jahre; Spannweite 65–96 Jahre). Knapp 90% der Senioren präferieren die Pflege in den eigenen 4 Wänden. Andere Pflegesettings erhalten deutlich weniger Zustimmung. Dies gilt vor allem für Pflege im Ausland. Während in einer häuslichen Pflege sowohl eine Betreuung durch Personen aus dem Umfeld als auch eine Betreuung durch einen professionellen Pflegedienst recht hohe Zustimmungswerte aufweisen, weist eine ganztägige Betreuung (z. B. durch privat bezahlte Pflegekräfte) geringe Zustimmungswerte auf. Hinsichtlich zusätzlicher Dienste im Falle einer häuslichen Pflege ist vor allem eine hauswirtschaftliche Hilfe, die Nutzung eines Fahrdienstes sowie ein Notrufsystem/Hausnotruf wichtig. Dagegen wird eine Alltagsbegleitung für weniger wichtig gehalten. Im Falle einer stationären Pflege ist es über 90% der Befragten wichtig, in einem eigenen Zimmer zu wohnen, am liebsten in der Nähe des jetzigen Wohnortes bzw. in der Nähe des Wohnortes der nächsten Angehörigen. Zudem werden im Falle einer stationären Pflege vielfältige Angebote für wichtig gehalten.
Die geäußerten Präferenzen lassen vermuten, dass eine Lücke zwischen Erwartungen an die Pflege und der Pflegerealität klafft. Dieser Lücke sollte durch geeignete Maßnahmen begegnet werden, z. B. durch eine Sensibilisierung der Bevölkerung zur Notwendigkeit einer privaten Vorsorge.
Deactivation kinetics of acid-sensing ion channel 1a are strongly pH-sensitive
Authors: MacLean David M. , Jayaraman Vasanthi 
Published: March 2017

Significance
The response from every type of neurotransmitter-gated ion channel (NGIC) decays within a proscribed time when its agonist is removed. NGICs that decay faster are more involved in higher frequency signals, whereas slower channels promote cell excitability and plasticity. Here, we find that certain acid-sensing ion channels have the flexibility to convey either very rapid or quite slow signals, depending on the ambient pH over a very narrow range. This ability may allow these receptors to aid in synaptic plasticity, and hence learning and memory.
Understanding band gaps of solids in generalized Kohn–Sham theory
Authors: Perdew John P. , Yang Weitao , Burke Kieron , Yang Zenghui , Gross Eberhard K. U. , Scheffler Matthias , Scuseria Gustavo E. , Henderson Thomas M. , Zhang Igor Ying , Ruzsinszky Adrienn , Peng Haowei , Sun Jianwei , Trushin Egor , Görling Andreas 
Published: March 2017

Significance
Semiconductors and insulators have a fundamental energy gap and absorb light at a continuum of photon energies above this gap. They also have a band structure of one-electron energies, and a band gap separating unoccupied from occupied one-electron states. When should these gaps be equal? It is known that they are not equal in the exact Kohn–Sham density-functional theory but are equal in commonly used density-functional approximations, such as the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). We show here that they are also equal (and improved) in higher level approximations, such as the meta-GGA or the hybrid of GGA with exact exchange, when the effective one-electron potential is not constrained to be a multiplication operator.
Trends in Hospitalization for Hypertensive Emergency, and Relationship of End-Organ Damage With In-Hospital Mortality
Authors: Shah Mahek , Patil Shantanu , Patel Brijesh , Arora Shilpkumar , Patel Nilay , Garg Lohit , Agrawal Sahil , Jacobs Larry , Steigerwalt Susan P. , Martinez Matthew W. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
There are no comprehensive guidelines on management of hypertensive emergency (HTNE) and complications. Despite advances in antihypertensive medications HTNE is accompanied with significant morbidity and mortality.

METHODS
We queried the 2002–2012 nationwide inpatient sample database to identify patients with HTNE. Trends in incidence of HTNE and in-hospital mortality were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between end-organ complications and in-hospital mortality.

RESULTS
Between 2002 and 2012, 129,914 admissions were included. Six hundred and thirty (0.48%) patients died during their hospital stay. There was an increase in the number of HTNE admissions (9,511–15,479; Ptrend &lt; 0.001) with concurrent reduction of in-hospital mortality (0.8–0.3%; Ptrend &lt; 0.001) by the year 2012 compared to 2002. Patients who died during hospitalization were older, had longer length of stay, higher cost of stay, more comorbidities, and higher risk scores. Presence of acute cardiorespiratory failure [adjusted odds ratio (OR), 15.8; 95% confidence interval (CI), 13.2–18.9], stroke or transient ischemia attack (TIA) (adjusted OR, 7.9; 95% CI, 6.3–9.9), chest pain (adjusted OR, 5.9; 95% CI, 4.4–7.7), stroke/TIA (adjusted OR, 5.9; 95% CI, 4.5–7.7), and aortic dissection (adjusted OR, 5.9; 95% CI, 2.8–12.4) were most predictive of higher in-hospital mortality in addition to factors such as age, aortic dissection, acute myocardial infarction, acute renal failure, and presence of neurological symptoms.

CONCLUSION
A rising trend in hospitalization for HTNE, with an overall decrease in in-hospital mortality was observed from 2002 to 2012, possibly related to changes in coding practices and improved management. Presence of acute cardiorespiratory failure, stroke/TIA, chest pain, and aortic dissection were most predictive of higher hospital mortality.
Microfabrication of a gadolinium-derived solid-state sensor for thermal neutrons
Authors: Pfeifer Kent B. , Achyuthan Komandoor E. , Allen Matthew , Denton Michele L. B. , Siegal Michael P. , Manginell Ronald P. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Neutron sensing is critical in civilian and military applications. Conventional neutron sensors are limited by size, weight, cost, portability and helium supply. Here the microfabrication of gadolinium (Gd) conversion material–based heterojunction diodes for detecting thermal neutrons using electrical signals produced by internal conversion electrons (ICEs) is described. Films with negligible stress were produced at the tensile-compressive crossover point, enabling Gd coatings of any desired thickness by controlling the radiofrequency sputtering power and using the zero-point near p(Ar) of 50 mTorr at 100 W. Post-deposition Gd oxidation–induced spallation was eliminated by growing a residual stress-free 50 nm neodymium-doped aluminum cap layer atop Gd. The resultant coatings were stable for at least 6 years, demonstrating excellent stability and product shelf-life. Depositing Gd directly on the diode surface eliminated the air gap, leading to a 200-fold increase in electron capture efficiency and facilitating monolithic microfabrication. The conversion electron spectrum was dominated by ICEs with energies of 72, 132 and 174 keV. Results are reported for neutron reflection and moderation by polyethylene for enhanced sensitivity, and γ- and X-ray elimination for improved specificity. The optimal Gd thickness was 10.4 μm for a 300 μm-thick partially depleted diode of 300 mm2 active surface area. Fast detection (within 10 min) at a neutron source-to-diode distance of 11.7 cm was achieved with this configuration. All ICE energies along with γ-ray and Kα,β X-rays were modeled to emphasize correlations between experiment and theory. Semi-conductor thermal neutron detectors offer advantages for field-sensing of radioactive neutron sources.
Digital Humanities
Authors: Davidson Cathy N. , Savonick Danica 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis chapter traces the emergence of an interdisciplinary field, the digital humanities, in response to a complex set of recent personal, ethical, psychological, social, cultural, spiritual, and political concerns, many generated by technology, that require the insights of humanistic inquiry. Drawing from examples of digital humanities praxis including FemTechNet, HASTAC, and the Futures Initiative, this chapter focuses on the pedagogical implications of the digital humanities as an interdisciplinary field. A specific case study, “Mapping the Futures of Higher Education,” is used to explore some of the implications of interdisciplinary, networked pedagogy. The chapter concludes with an analysis of the administrative collaborations and conditions necessary to facilitate this interdisciplinary work.
An Ethics of Interdisciplinary Research
Authors: Balsamo Anne 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This essay considers the process of collaboration in the creation of new technologies, to identify commitments that serve as the foundation for successful collaborations across disciplines. These commitments are ethical in nature; they define a code of conduct for working in partnership with people who come from different disciplines, domains, cultural backgrounds, or worldviews. The ability to collaborate across differences is fundamental to successful interdisciplinary research and design, and is the basis for successful participation in cross-disciplinary teams. All interdisciplinary collaborations require the respectful recognition of different modes and rituals of knowledge production, and a willingness to engage and negotiate boundaries that are often fluid and indistinct.
Innovation, Interdisciplinarity, and Creative Destruction
Authors: Pacheco Roberto C. S. , Manhães Mauricio , Maldonado Mauricio Uriona 
Published: March 2017

AbstractInnovation and interdisciplinarity have interesting commonalities. Innovation is a “creative destruction” phenomenon that can only be described through multi-, inter-, and transdisciplinary perspectives. In this light, we build on the work of classical scholars such as Schumpeter, Foucault, and Habermas, and the evolutionary theory of economic change, to argue about the ever-larger need to solve complex business problems—to innovate—through interdisciplinary teams and technologies. In doing so, the chapter argues interdisciplinarity itself can be understood as an innovation, since it disrupted the disciplinary paradigm on complex problem solving. As synthesis, stemming from a cognitive interest perspective, we propose an interdisciplinary conceptual framework on innovation to overview the main components (what), mechanisms (how), stakeholders (who), goals (why), and locus (where) in which innovation takes place. The chapter ends by concluding that pendularly movements between disciplinary and interdisciplinary knowledge creation can be understood as innovation phenomena cycles.
Understanding Cross-Disciplinary Team-Based Research
Authors: Hall Kara , Stipelman Brooke A. , Vogel Amanda L. , Stokols Daniel 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Cross-disciplinary team-based research is conducted by collaborators from more than one area of expertise. The quality of the scholarship they produce can be influenced strongly by the quality of their collaborative interactions. A new field of study has emerged, called the science of team science (SciTS), that aims to develop an evidence base for the multilevel factors that hinder or facilitate effective research collaboration, such as team characteristics and processes and institutional, funding, and other conditions. This chapter begins with an overview of team science, including a discussion of the major dimensions and processes that shape science teams and unique considerations for cross-disciplinary teams. The chapter then introduces key concepts and milestones in the SciTS field, and reviews conceptual models that explicate the processes and contextual factors that influence research collaboration. The chapter concludes with a discussion of future directions, including additional evidence needed to promote effective cross-disciplinary teamwork.
Peer Review, Interdisciplinarity, and Serendipity
Authors: Holbrook J. Britt 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Peer review remains the tool of choice for research evaluation. But can peer review judge interdisciplinary research and societal, as well as scholarly, impact? Or should metrics for scholarly impact and altmetrics for societal impact replace peer review? “Peer Review, Interdisciplinarity and Serendipity” argues that peer review should be redesigned to maximize serendipity, conceived as ‘sagacity regarding opportunity’. Rather than using peer review to promote the pursuit of academic knowledge for its own sake (and then scrambling to adapt it to interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary demands), this alternative suggests using peer review for communication among academics (from whatever discipline) and between academics and other members of society.
Interdisciplinary Cases and Disciplinary Knowledge
Authors: Krohn Wolfgang 
Published: March 2017

Abstract“Interdisciplinary Cases and Disciplinary Knowledge: Epistemic Challenges of Interdisciplinary Research” provides a conceptual framework of interdisciplinarity in the context of contemporary philosophy of science and social epistemology. It describes a widespread tension between the interdisciplinary commitment to complex real-world problems and the disciplinary strategies to build simplified models. While real-world problems call for highly specific and context-sensitive solutions, disciplinary problems serve as exemplars of more a general type. The epistemological challenge of interdisciplinarity is to relate knowledge about complex and singular cases with knowledge about generalized concepts and causalities. This relationship calls for a combination between the “humanistic” ideal of understanding the individual case, and the “scientific” search for common features of different cases. In practice interdisciplinary projects find ways to bridge causal explanation and the concern for the case. An epistemological attempt is made to conceptually integrate the search for universally applicable knowledge and idiographic richness.
Physical Sciences
Authors: Crease Robert P. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe physical sciences present excellent case studies of interdisciplinarity, its problems, and its prospects. The physical sciences present clear examples of the inheriting, adapting, and transforming of disciplines in ways that can transform our understanding not only of science but also of all research. Issues raised include the history of interdisciplinarity in the natural sciences and the reasons for its recent upsurge, as well as issues such as communication, expertise, trust, problems raised by the different culture of disciplines, practical issues, quality assessment, trading zones, and the nature of disciplines.
United and Uniting Churches
Authors: Haire James 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
United and uniting churches have made a very significant contribution to the ecumenical movement. In seeking to assess that contribution, the chapter first defines what these churches are, considers the different types of union that have been created, examines the characteristics of these churches, and looks at the theological rationale for them. It goes on to trace the history of their formation from the beginning of the nineteenth century, and particularly during the years leading up to and following the Third Assembly of the World Council of Churches at New Delhi in 1961, under the influence of Lesslie Newbigin. Giving a theological assessment, it emphasizes that the existence of these churches, despite difficulties, provides places where the final unity of Christ’s one body is most clearly foreshadowed. They will always present proleptic visions of that goal.
New Life for Character and Story in Sleeping Beauty
Authors: Smith Marian 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Alexei Ratmansky’s production of Sleeping Beauty was wrought with careful attention to its music and the manuscripts that preserve Petipa’s choreography. This article begins by touching generally on some aspects of the original ballet that Ratmansky has restored: its technique and style, large multi-generational cast, and full embrace of character dancing. Next, it focuses on musical and choreographic characterizations of the felicitous royal family and their servant Catalabutte and their domestic interactions. Then, it considers Ratmansky’s effective use of the episodes of tension and release that Petipa and Tchaikovsky created to push the action forward. It ends with a short discussion of seeming conflicts between choreography and music during musical codettas, These few details show in small part how, in this production, Ratmansky has exposed anew the dramaturgical brilliance of Tchaikovsky and Petipa, and restored to the stage a Beauty that brings story and character to life with extraordinary vividness.
GIS, Remote Sensing, and Landscape Archaeology
Authors: Parcak Sarah H. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis chapter examines a number of current practices relating to the use of geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing, including developments in LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) in landscape archaeology. It explains landscape archaeology and what it encompasses; whether remote sensing and GIS are a formal part of landscape archaeology; whether GIS and remote sensing are the same or completely different subfields; and whether remote sensing covers both satellite and ground-based remote sensing. Also discussed are challenges faced by archaeologists with regards to the application of landscape archaeology. The article also considers the applications of ground-based remote sensing, GIS, photogrammetry, satellite remote sensing, and LiDAR in landscape archaeology; ethical issues in landscape archaeology; the problem of archaeological site looting; the use of open source data; and citizen science approaches to landscape archaeology. Finally, it reflects on the future prospects for landscape archaeology.
Interventions to Prevent and Reduce Physician Burnout: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: West Colin P. , Dyrbye Liselotte N. , Erwin Patricia J. , Shanafelt Tait D. 
Published: March 2017

(Abstracted from Lancet 2016;388:2272–2281)
Physician burnout, as documented in national studies, has a prevalence rate exceeding 50% in both physicians in training and practicing physicians. It negatively affects patient care, professionalism, physicians’ own care, and safety.
Obesity Moderates the Effects of Motivational Interviewing Treatment Outcomes in Fibromyalgia
Authors: Kaleth Anthony S. , Slaven James E. , Ang Dennis C. 
Published: March 2017

Objective:Obesity is a common comorbid condition among patients with fibromyalgia (FM). Our objective was to assess if obesity moderates the treatment benefits of exercise-based motivational interviewing (MI) for FM.Materials and Methods:This is a secondary data analysis of a completed clinical trial of 198 FM patients who were randomized to receive either MI or attention control (AC). Using body mass index (BMI) to divide participants into obese (BMI≥30 kg/m2) and nonobese (BMI<30 kg m2) groups, mixed linear models were used to determine interaction between treatment arms and obesity status with regards to the primary outcome of global FM symptom severity (Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, FIQ). Secondary measures included pain intensity (Brief Pain Inventory), 6-Minute Walk Test, and self-reported physical activity (Community Health Activities Model Program for Seniors).Results:Of the 198 participants, 91 (46%) were nonobese and 107 (54%) were obese. On global FM symptom severity (FIQ), the interaction between treatment arms and obesity status was significant (P=0.02). In the nonobese group, MI was associated with a greater improvement in FIQ than AC. In the obese group, MI participants reported less improvement in FIQ compared with AC. The interaction analysis was also significant for Brief Pain Inventory pain intensity (P=0.01), but not for the walk test and self-reported physical activity.Discussion:This is the first study to show that obesity negatively affects the treatment efficacy of MI in patients with FM. Our findings suggest that exercise-based MI may be more effective if initiated after weight loss is achieved.
Twenty Years of a Veterans' Spinal Cord Injury Colorectal Clinic: Flexible Sigmoidoscopy and Multiple Hemorrhoid Ligation
Authors: Cosman Bard C. , Cajas-Monson Luis C. , Ramamoorthy Sonia L. 
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUND:
Colorectal and anal problems arise in chronic spinal cord injury care. We review 20 years of experience in a colorectal clinic at a veterans medical center treating mostly male veterans who have spinal cord injury.

OBJECTIVE:
We aim to show the results of colorectal interventions in a population with chronic spinal cord injury.

DESIGN:
This study is a retrospective records review.

SETTINGS:
This study was conducted at a Department of Veterans Affairs regional spinal cord injury center.

PATIENTS:
Six hundred forty-one individuals (625 males) made 1208 visits. Mean age was 56 ± 13 years; ages ranged from 21 to 90 years.

INTERVENTIONS:
Flexible sigmoidoscopy was done for diagnosis and screening, and hemorrhoid ligation was performed for symptomatic hemorrhoids.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
The primary outcomes measured were the frequency, timing, and results of procedures.

RESULTS:
Five hundred forty-eight people had 781 flexible sigmoidoscopies. At first examination, mean age was 65 ± 12 and the duration of injury was 19 ± 15 years. Sixty examinations (7.7%) displayed poor preparation. The interval between adequate-prepared examinations was 5.7 ± 2.0 years. The adenoma detection rate was 4.7%. Two hundred fifteen people had 406 hemorrhoid ligations. At first banding, the mean age was 52 ± 13 and the duration of injury was 20 ± 15 years. Mean number of ligations per procedure was 4.9 ± 2.0; a range of 1 to 20. Nine hemorrhoid operations were done in this period. Regarding the futility of procedures, 250 people died, with a mean age at death of 69 ± 11. The median time between any procedure and death was 4.4 years. Seventeen procedures were done within 6 months of death; these deaths were either unexpected or because of conditions identified at or after the procedure.

LIMITATIONS:
This was a retrospective review of a single institution, it involved a mostly male population, and it used a subjective assessment of bowel preparation.

CONCLUSIONS:
In a spinal cord injury colorectal clinic, sigmoidoscopy can keep screening current, with an acceptable level of poor preparation. The adenoma detection rate may or may not be adequate. Hemorrhoid ligation can be expanded beyond its limits in the non-spinal cord-injured population, including multiple and external banding, taking the place of an operation in most cases. These procedures are well tolerated and rarely futile.