bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Cu(TiBNx) copper alloy films for industrial applications
Authors: Lin Chon-Hsin 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
In this study, I explore a new type of copper alloy, Cu(TiBN
x
), films by cosputtering Cu and TiB within an Ar/N2 gas atmosphere on Si substrates. The films are then annealed for 1 h in a vacuum environment at temperatures up to 700 °C. The annealed films exhibit not only excellent thermal stability and low resistivity but also little leakage current and strong adhesion to the substrates while no Cu/Si interfacial interactions are apparent. Within a Sn/Cu(TiBN
x
)/Si structure at 200 °C, the new alloy exhibits a minute dissolution rate, which is lower than that of pure Cu by at least one order of magnitude. Furthermore, the new alloy’s consumption rate is comparable to that of Ni commonly used in solder joints. The new films appear suitable for some industrial applications, such as barrierless Si metallization and new wetting and diffusion barrier layers required in flip-chip solder joints.
Microstructural investigation of the oxidation behavior of Cu in Ag-coated Cu films using a focused ion beam transmission electron microscopy technique
Authors: Kim Ji Hwan , Lee Jong-Hyun 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
With the aim of elucidating a detailed mechanism for the oxidation behavior in submicron Cu particles coated with a thin Ag layer, the dewetting of Ag and the oxidation behavior of Cu in Ag-coated Cu films upon heating were investigated with a focused ion beam transmission electron microscopy technique. A slight dewetting of the Ag layer began at approximately 200 °C and aggregates of Cu2O particles were formed on the Ag layer, indicating that the initial Cu2O phase was formed on the thin Ag layer. Voids were formed in the Cu layer because of Cu atoms diffusing through the thin Ag layer to be oxidized in the upper Cu2O aggregates. After being heated to 250 °C, the Ag layer became more irregular, and in some regions, it disappeared because of intensive dewetting. The number and average size of the voids also increased. At 300 °C, a hollow structure with a Cu2O shell was formed. Pillar-like structures of unoxidized Cu and large voids were found under the Cu2O layer.
Decadal period external magnetic field variations determined via eigenanalysis
Authors: Shore R. M. , Whaler K. A. , Macmillan S. , Beggan C. , Velímský J. , Olsen N. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe perform a reanalysis of hourly mean magnetic data from ground‐based observatories spanning 1997–2009 inclusive, in order to isolate (after removal of core and crustal field estimates) the spatiotemporal morphology of the external fields important to mantle induction, on (long) periods of months to a full solar cycle. Our analysis focuses on geomagnetically quiet days and middle to low latitudes. We use the climatological eigenanalysis technique called empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs), which allows us to identify discrete spatiotemporal patterns with no a priori specification of their geometry—the form of the decomposition is controlled by the data. We apply a spherical harmonic analysis to the EOF outputs in a joint inversion for internal and external coefficients. The results justify our assumption that the EOF procedure responds primarily to the long‐period external inducing field contributions. Though we cannot determine uniquely the contributory source regions of these inducing fields, we find that they have distinct temporal characteristics which enable some inference of sources. An identified annual‐period pattern appears to stem from a north‐south seasonal motion of the background mean external field distribution. Separate patterns of semiannual and solar‐cycle‐length periods appear to stem from the amplitude modulations of spatially fixed background fields.
The coupled 182W‐142Nd record of early terrestrial mantle differentiation
Authors: Puchtel Igor S. , Blichert‐Toft Janne , Touboul Mathieu , Horan Mary F. , Walker Richard J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNew Sm‐Nd, Lu‐Hf, Hf‐W, and Re‐Os isotope data, in combination with highly siderophile element (HSE, including Re, Os, Ir, Ru, Pt, and Pd) and W abundances, are reported for the 3.55 Ga Schapenburg komatiites, South Africa. The Schapenburg komatiites define a Re‐Os isochron with an age of 3550 ± 87 Ma and initial γ187Os = +3.7 ± 0.2 (2SD). The absolute HSE abundances in the mantle source of the Schapenburg komatiite system are estimated to be only 29 ± 5% of those in the present‐day bulk silicate Earth (BSE). The komatiites were derived from mantle enriched in the decay products of the long‐lived 147Sm and 176Lu nuclides (initial ɛ143Nd = +2.4 ± 0.1, ɛ176Hf = +5.7 ± 0.3, 2SD). By contrast, the komatiites are depleted, relative to the modern mantle, in 142Nd and 182W (μ182W = −8.4 ± 4.5, μ142Nd = −4.9 ± 2.8, 2SD). These results constitute the first observation in terrestrial rocks of coupled depletions in 142Nd and 182W. Such isotopic depletions require derivation of the komatiites from a mantle domain that formed within the first ∼30 Ma of Solar System history and was initially geochemically enriched in highly incompatible trace elements as a result of crystal‐liquid fractionation in an early magma ocean. This mantle domain further must have experienced subsequent melt depletion, after 182Hf had gone extinct, to account for the observed initial excesses in 143Nd and 176Hf. The survival of early‐formed 182W and 142Nd anomalies in the mantle until at least 3.55 Ga indicates that the products of early planetary differentiation survived both later planetary accretion and convective mantle mixing during the Hadean. This work moreover renders unlikely that variable late accretion, by itself, can account for all of the observed W isotope variations in Archean rocks.
Enhancement of non‐CO2 radiative forcing via intensified carbon cycle feedbacks
Authors: MacDougall Andrew H. , Knutti Reto 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe global carbon cycle is sensitive to changes in global temperature and atmospheric CO2 concentration, with increased temperature tending to reduce the efficiency of carbon sinks and increased CO2 enhancing the efficiency of carbon sinks. The emission of non‐CO2 greenhouse gases warms the Earth but does not induce the CO2 fertilization effect or increase the partial‐pressure gradient between the atmosphere and the surface ocean. Here we present idealized climate model experiments that explore the indirect interaction between non‐CO2 forcing and the carbon cycle. The experiments suggest that this interaction enhances the warming effect of the non‐CO2 forcing by up to 25% after 150 years and that much of the warming caused by these agents lingers for over 100 years after the dissipation of the non‐CO2 forcing. Overall, our results suggest that the longer emissions of non‐CO2 forcing agents persists the greater effect these agents will have on global climate.
Development, rheological properties, and physical stability of d‐limonene‐in‐water emulsions formulated with copolymers as emulsifiers
Authors: Trujillo‐Cayado Luis A. , García M. Carmen , Muñoz José , Alfaro M. Carmen 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThis contribution reports the development of 30 wt % d‐limonene‐in‐water emulsions formulated with a biopolymer (gellan gum) as stabilizer and prepared with a high‐pressure homogenizer. The role as emulsifiers of different ratios of amphiphilic copolymers (AtlasTMG5000 and AtloxTM4913) was assessed. The results indicated that the ratio of emulsifiers had significant effect on the physical stability, droplet size, viscoelasticity, and viscosity of these emulsions. The mean droplet diameters decreased as AtlasTMG5000 concentration increased from 1 wt % to 3 wt %. The aging of emulsions resulted in an increase in the size of droplets for the emulsions containing high AtloxTM4913 copolymer content. An increase of AtlasTMG5000 enhanced both the G′ and G″ values and the viscosity providing higher stability to emulsions. Gellan gum caused in viscoelastic moduli weaker frequency dependence at the lower frequencies, according to the formation of a faint gel‐like matrix. All emulsions exhibited shear thinning flow properties that fitted the power‐law equation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43838.
Students' knowledge of, and attitudes towards biotechnology revisited, 1995–2014: Changes in agriculture biotechnology but not in medical biotechnology
Authors: Chen Shao‐Yen , Chu Yih‐Ru , Lin Chen‐Yung , Chiang Tzen‐Yuh 
Published: May 2016

AbstractModern biotechnology is one of the most important scientific and technological revolutions in the 21st century, with an increasing and measurable impact on society. Development of biotechnology curriculum has become important to high school bioscience classrooms. This study has monitored high school students in Taiwan on their knowledge of and attitudes towards biotechnology for nearly two decades. Not surprisingly, knowledge of biotechnology of current students has increased significantly (p < 0.001) and most students have learned some definitions and examples of biotechnology. There was a positive correlation between biotechnology knowledge and attitudes toward biotechnology for current students who study Advanced Biology (AB). However, for current students who did not study AB, there was a negative correlation.The attitude results showed that students today expressed less favorable opinions toward agricultural biotechnology (p < 0.001) despite studying AB or not. However, there is no significant difference between students today and 18 years ago in opinions towards medical biotechnology. In addition, current students showed a greater concern involving environmental risks than former students. Interestingly, the high school curriculum did affect students' attitudes toward genetically engineered (GE) plants but not GE animals. Our current study also found that the students' attitude towards GE animals was influenced more by their limited knowledge than by their moral belief. On the basis of findings from this study, we suggest that more materials of emerging animal biotechnology should be included in high school curriculum and recommend that high school teachers and university faculty establish a collaborative framework in the near future. © 2016 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 44(5):475–491, 2016.
ChemInform Abstract: Gas‐Phase Electron Diffraction Study of Tetrachlorooxoosmium(VI).
Authors: HAGEN K. , HOBSON R. J. , HOLWILL C. J. , RICE D. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe OsOCl4 molecule has a square‐pyramidal configuration with C4v symmetry; the Os atom is located above the plane of the four Cl atoms (distances and angles are given).
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structures of the Copper(II)‐oxo‐selenites Cu2O(SeO3) (Cubic (I) and Monoclinic (II)), and Cu4O(SeO3)3 (Monoclinic (III) and Triclinic (IV)).
Authors: EFFENBERGER H. , PERTLIK F. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn the course of synthetic studies in the system CuO‐SeO2‐H2O in a temp. range up to 503 K four copper(II)‐oxid‐selenites (I)‐(IV) are obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of Hexapotassium Digermanate, K6Ge2O7.
Authors: HALWAX E. , VOELLENKLE H. + 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title compound (III), synthesized by reaction of K2GeO3 and KOH under the conditions indicated in the scheme, crystallizes in the monoclinic system (Pc, Z=2).
ChemInform Abstract: Platinum Iodides PtI2 and Pt3I8
Authors: THIELE G. , WEIGL W. , WOCHNER H. 
Published: May 2016

Abstracthave been prepared by thermal decomposition of PtI4 in closed quartz ampoules (Pt3I8: 320 °C, 2‐3 bar I2; α‐PtI2: 430 °C, 8 bar I2).
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Synthesis of Copper Molybdates.
Authors: MOINI A. , PEASCOE R. , RUDOLF P. R. , CLEARFIELD A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHydrothermal reaction of CuO and MoO3 according to the scheme yields triclinic Cu4Mo6O20 (space group P1, Z=2).
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Microelectrode Voltammetry of Tetraphenylporphyrin and Copper Tetraphenylporphyrin in Toluene Solvent.
Authors: GENG L. , MURRAY R. W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractStudies of vapor pressure, osmometry, viscosity, and conductivity for the perchlorate (I) in toluene show aggregation to form trimers and tetramers at concentrations about 0.1 M. Oxidative voltammetry of the title compound (CuTPP) at Pt microelectrodes shows that the two‐electron wave changes into two one‐electron waves in the presence of (I) at higher concentrations due to the transport of axially coordinated CuTPP+ and CuTPP2+ into the organized structure.
ChemInform Abstract: Condensed Heteroaromatic Ring Systems. Part 7. Synthesis of Thienopyridines, Thienopyrimidines, and Furopyridines from o‐Substituted N‐Heteroarylacetylenes.
Authors: SAKAMOTO T. , KONDO Y. , WATANABE R. , YAMANAKA H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Ethinylierung des Halopyridins (I) mit Phenylacetylen (II) in Gegenwart des Palladiumkomplexes (III) führt zu dem Acetylenderivat (IV),das mit Natriumhydrogensulfid zu dem Thienopyridin (V) cyclisiert werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of the Lithium Salt of Diethylthiophenylmethane with p‐Dinitrobenzene.
Authors: NIKOLAEVA S. V. , ZORIN V. V. , KUKOVITSKII D. M. , RAKHMANKULOV D. L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTreatment of diethylthiophenylmethane (I) with Li gives the lithium salt (II) mentioned in the title.
ChemInform Abstract: A Radical Anion Salt of 2,5‐Dimethyl‐N,N′‐dicyanoquinodiimine with Extremely High Electrical Conductivity.
Authors: AUMUELLER A. + , ERK P. , KLEBE G. , HUENIG S. + , VON SCHUETZ J. U. + , WERNER H.‐P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMetallic conductivity that increases continuously up to 1.3 K and achieves values of over 500000 S cm‐1 is exhibited by single crystals of the radical‐anion salt (I) which is prepared by electrocrystallization.
ChemInform Abstract: Cleavage of C‐S Bond in (Perfluoroalkyl)phenylsulfides by Methyllithium and Preparation of 2‐Methylthio‐αββ‐trifluorostyrene.
Authors: MAKSIMOV A. M. , PLATONOV V. E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDas Tetrafluordihydrobenzothiophen (I) reagiert mit in situ dargestelltem Methyllithium zu der im Titel genannten Verbindung (II).
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Trifluoromethylsulfonyl‐S‐trifluoromethyl‐S‐arylsulfoximides.
Authors: KONDRATENKO N. V. , POPOV V. I. , RADCHENKO O. A. , IGNAT'EV N. V. , YAGUPOL'SKII L. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe imines (I) are converted to their sodium salts (II).
ChemInform Abstract: The Dianion of (2.2.2)Paracyclophene; a 20 π‐Perimeter Species?.
Authors: TANNER D. , WENNERSTROEM O. + , NORINDER U. , MUELLEN K. + , TRINKS R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA novel synthesis of (2.2.2)paracyclophene (II) is reported, which starts from the known dialdehyde (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 4‐(Diphenylmethylene)‐1‐(4H)naphthalinones with Benzylamine.
Authors: NOVIKOV V. P. , KOLESNIKOV V. T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIt is known that the naphthalinone (Ia), on reaction with benzylamine(II) at 175 °C, affords the N‐benzylidenenaphthylamine (IV) as the result of attack by (II) at the carbonyl group of (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Dihydroacepentalenediide, the Dianion of Acepentalene.
Authors: LENDVAI T. , FRIEDL T. , BUTENSCHOEN H. + , CLARK T. , DE MEIJERE A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title compound is the dianion of the salt (II) which is obtained from the reaction of the tricyclic compound (I) in a mixture with KH (130‐135%).
ChemInform Abstract: Opposite Regioselectivity in the Epoxidation of Geraniol and Linaloolwith Molybdenum and Tungsten Peroxo Complexes.
Authors: ARCORIA A. , BALLISTRERI F. P. , TOMASELLI G. A. , DI FURIA F. , MODENA G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractGeraniol (I) and linalool (IV) are converted to the monoepoxides (III) and (V) using the peroxo complexes (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of 2,5‐Dihydrofurylium Salts by Acylation of tert.‐Butylacetylene.
Authors: BORODAEV S. V. , NAUMOVA E. V. , LUK'YANOV S. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe acyl chlorides (I) are converted to their corresponding hexachloroantimonates and these are reacted with tert.‐butylacetylene to give the title compounds (II).
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Diethoxyphosphinyl‐γ‐butenolide, a Versatile Reagent for the Synthesis of αβ‐Difunctionalized γ‐Lactones.
Authors: MINAMI T. , KITAJIMA Y. , CHIKUGO T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie im Titel genannte Verbindung (IV) ist durch Selenierung des Phosphonats (I) und nachfolgende oxidative Eliminierung der Phenylselenylgruppe im Butyrolacton (III) zugänglich.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Reactions of Thieno(3,2‐b)furan Derivatives.
Authors: KRAL'OVICOVA E. , KRUTOSIKOVA A. , KOVAC J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTreatment of the 3‐furylpropenoic acids (I) with SOCl2 according to method A) gives the thienofurancarboxylic acid chlorides (II) in poor yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Prenylated Indoles.
Authors: WENKERT E. , ANGELL E. C. , FERREIRA V. F. , MICHELOTTI E. L. , PIETTRE S. R. , SHEU J.‐H. , SWINDELL C. S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSeveral reaction pathways to α‐ or β‐prenylated or oxoprenylated indols such as (V) and (VII) are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric (2,3)Wittig Rearrangement Involving Chiral Potassium Azaenolates. The Dramatic Influence of the Potassium Counterion and Its Complexation with 18‐Crown‐6.
Authors: MIKAMI K. , KASUGA T. , FUJIMOTO K. , NAKAI T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe allyl ethers (I) rearrange on treatment with bases, yielding the carbinols (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Antidiabetic Agents. Part 7. Synthesis and Hypoglycemic Activity of 4‐Oxazoleacetic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: MEGURO K. , TAWADA H. , SUGIYAMA Y. , FUJITA T. , KAWAMATSU Y. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractEine Reihe substituierter Oxazolcarbonsäuren wie (IV) oder (VII) wirdauf dem angegebenen Wege hergestellt und auf ihre hypoglykämische Aktivität untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of trans‐Fused Polycyclic Ethers: Methodology for the Brevetoxins.
Authors: BARTLETT P. A. , TING P. C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIodocyclization of the alkenyl cyclohexanols (I) yields the bicyclic compounds (II) and/or (III) depending on the substitution pattern and reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses with Aromatic Nitramines. Part 6. Substituent Effect in thePhotolytic Rearrangement of Nitraminopyridines.
Authors: SEPIOL J. , TOMASIK P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIrradiation of nitramines (I), (III), (V) and (VII) affords the 3‐ or5‐nitropyridines specified in the scheme; the dibromo derivative (X) yields a mixture of (XI) and (XII).
ChemInform Abstract: Revision of the Structure of a Reaction Product from Butanedione and Ethanolamine.
Authors: ALCAIDE B. , GARCIA‐BLANCO S. , GARCIA‐GONZALEZ M. T. , MARTINEZ‐CARRERA S. , PEREZ‐OSSORIO R. , PLUMET J. , RODRIGUEZ‐CAMPOS I. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe reaction between ethanolamine (I) and butane‐2,3‐dione (II) produces the tricyclic morpholine derivative (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A Ring Destruction Approach to Some Benzo‐Fused Medium‐Sized Heterocycles by Means of Cyanogen Bromide Under Solvolytic Conditions. X‐Ray Structure of a 1H‐2,6‐Benzoxazecine‐6‐carbonitrile and a 2H‐3,6‐Benzoxazecine‐6‐carbonitrile Derivative.
Authors: BREMNER J. B. , RASTON C. L. , ROWBOTTOM G. L. , WHITE A. H. , WINZENBERG K. N. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractReaction of the fused tetrahydroisoquinolines (Ia) and (Ib) with cyanogen bromide (II) and methanol (IIIa) or H2O (IIIb) gives the medium‐sized ring cyanamides (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and IR, UV, NMR (1H and 11B), and Mass Spectral Studies of New β‐Ketoamine Complexes of Boron: Crystal and Molecular Structure of Bicyclic OC6H4OBOC(R)CHC(R′)NR′′ (R: p‐ClC6H4, R′: C6H5, R′′: CH3).
Authors: SINGH Y. P. , RUPANI P. , SINGH A. , RAI A. K. , MEHROTRA R. C. , ROGERS R. D. , ATWOOD J. L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe new β‐ketoamine complexes (III) of boron are synthesized as shown and tetrahedral geometry is assigned by their IR, UV, and NMR spectral and other physicochemical measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermolysis of (α‐Bromo‐α‐methoxymethyl)silanes.
Authors: SCHUBERT U. , STEIB CH. , WEISS K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Bromierung des Silyldimethylethers (I) liefert den Monobromether (II) oder den Dibromether (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel Chloride Catalyzed Rearrangement of Allylic Phosphites.
Authors: LU X. , ZHU J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Alkylphosphite bzw. ‐phosphonite (I) isomerisieren unter Nickel‐ Katalyse zu einem Gemisch der Phosphonate bzw. Phosphinate (II) und (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereospecific Synthesis of Divinyl Diselenides from Vinyl Acetyl Selenides.
Authors: TESTAFERRI L. , TIECCO M. , TINGOLI M. , CHIANELLI D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe vinyl halides (I) react with MeSeLi to afford vinyl methyl selenides which are demethylated by an excess of MeSeLi; the vinyl selenide anions thus obtained react with acetyl chloride to give the acetyl selenides (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of 2,4,6‐Tri‐t‐butylphenyllithium with O‐Alkyl Selenoformates: Intermediate Formation of 2,4,6‐Tri‐t‐butylselenobenzaldehyde.
Authors: ISHII A. , OKAZAKI R. , INAMOTO N. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe selenoformates (IV) are prepared by a known method from the amide (I).
ChemInform Abstract: E3Te3Hal, Mixed Valency Tellurohalides of Gallium and Indium with One‐Dimensional Structural Units.
Authors: PAASHAUS S. , KNIEP R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe compounds (I) containing an element of the third main group in the oxidation states 2 and 3 are obtained by crystallization from the melt according to the Bridgman method or by annealing of stoichiometric mixtures at 240 °C. The crystal structure of (Ib) is determined (space group Pna21 with Z=3).
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Synthesis of β‐Trichlorostannyl Ketones from Siloxycyclopropanes and Their Facile Dehydrostannation Affording 2‐Methylene Ketones.
Authors: RYU I. , MURAI S. , SONODA N. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe silyloxycyclopropanes (I) undergo ring cleavage with SnCl4 (II) yielding the β‐stannyl ketones (III), which are transformed into the methylene ketones (IV) by treatment with DMSO.
ChemInform Abstract: Characterization of (rac‐5,7,7,12,14,14‐Hexamethyl‐1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane)copper(II) 3‐Sulfidopropionate Dimethanolate, (Cu(tet b)SCH2CH2CO2)·2 CH3OH, a Stable Copper(II)‐Aliphatic Thiolate Complex.
Authors: JOHN E. , BHARADWAJ P. K. , POTENZA J. A. , SCHUGAR H. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title complex (I) is prepared by reacting cold alkaline methanolic solutions of the dl macrocyclic tetramine‐Cu(II) sulfate with 3‐mercaptopropionate, and isolated as a MeOH‐dissolvate.
ChemInform Abstract: Conversion of Indole into 3‐S‐(Cysteinyl)indoles and 2‐S‐(Cysteinyl)tryptophans. An Approach to Tryptathionines.
Authors: PLATE R. , NIVARD R. J. F. , OTTENHEIJM H. C. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIndole (I) reacts with the sulphenyl chlorides (II), which have been prepared in situ from the corresponding L‐cystine derivatives and SOCl2, to form the 3‐S‐(cysteinyl)indoles (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Dimethylphosphinyl (Dmp): A New Protecting Group of Tyrosine Suitablefor Peptide Synthesis by Use of Boc‐Amino Acids.
Authors: UEKI M. , SANO Y. , SORI I. , SHINOZAKI K. , OYAMADA H. , IKEDA S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe dimethylphosphinyl group (Dmp) is employed as a protecting group for tyrosine in the preparation of peptides such as (IV) and (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3,4‐Anhydro‐1‐deoxyhexulose Derivatives.
Authors: IZQUIERDO CUBERO I. , PLAZA LOPEZ‐ESPINOSA M. T. , GALISTEO GONZALEZ D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Oxidation der cis/trans‐Enulosen (I) mit alkalischem Wasserstoffperoxid liefert ein Gemisch des arabino‐ (II) und des xylo‐Epoxids (III); dagegen entstehen aus (Ib) mit m‐Chlorperbenzoesäure als Oxidationsmittel durch Baeyer‐Villiger‐Umlagerung die Produkte (IV) und (V).