bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Old maids have more appeal: effects of age and pheromone source on mate attraction in an orb-web spider
Authors: Cory Anna-Lena , Schneider Jutta M. 
Published: April 2016

Background.In many insects and spider species, females attract males with volatile sex pheromones, but we know surprisingly little about the costs and benefits of female pheromone emission. Here, we test the hypothesis that mate attraction by females is dynamic and strategic in the sense that investment in mate attraction is matched to the needs of the female. We use the orb-web spiderArgiope bruennichiin which females risk the production of unfertilised egg clutches if they do not receive a copulation within a certain time-frame.Methods.We designed field experiments to compare mate attraction by recently matured (young) females with females close to oviposition (old). In addition, we experimentally separated the potential sources of pheromone transmission, namely the female body and the web silk.Results.In accordance with the hypothesis of strategic pheromone production, the probability of mate attraction and the number of males attracted differed between age classes. While the bodies and webs of young females were hardly found by males, the majority of old females attracted up to two males within two hours. Old females not only increased pheromone emission from their bodies but also from their webs. Capture webs alone spun by old females were significantly more efficient in attracting males than webs of younger females.Discussion.Our results suggest that females modulate their investment in signalling according to the risk of remaining unmated and that they thereby economize on the costs associated with pheromone production and emission.
Association of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) gene polymorphisms in Malaysian patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Wong Foo Nian , Chua Kek Heng , Kuppusamy Umah Rani , Wong Chew Ming , Lim Soo Kun , Tan Jin Ai Mary Anne 
Published: April 2016

Background:Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition associated with progressive loss of kidney function and kidney damage. The two common causes of CKD are diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Other causes of CKD also include polycystic kidney disease, obstructive uropathy and primary glomerulonephritis. The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is a multi-ligand cell surface receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily and it has been associated with kidney disease in both non-diabetic and diabetic patients. Presently, data on the association between RAGE polymorphisms and CKD in the Malaysian population is limited, while numerous studies have reported associations of RAGE polymorphisms with diabetic complications in other populations. The present study aims to explore the possibility of using RAGE polymorphisms as candidate markers of CKD in Malaysian population by using association analysis.Methods:A total of 102 non-diabetic CKD patients, 204 diabetic CKD patients and 345 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. DNA isolated from blood samples were subjected to genotyping of RAGE G82S, −374T/A, −429T/C, 1704G/T and 2184A/G polymorphisms using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The 63-bp deletion, a polymorphism in the RAGE gene promoter, was genotyped using conventional PCR method and visualized using agarose gel electrophoresis. The collective frequencies of genotypes with at least one copy of the minor alleles of the four polymorphisms were compared between the non-diabetic CKD patients, diabetic CKD patients and healthy controls.Results:After adjustment of age, gender and ethnic groups in binary logistic regression analysis, the G82S CT + TT genotypes were associated with non-diabetic CKD patients when compared with diabetic CKD patients (p= 0.015, OR = 1.896, 95% CI = 1.132–3.176). After further adjustment of CKD comorbidities, the G82S CT + TT genotypes were still associated with non-diabetic CKD patients when compared with diabetic CKD patients (p= 0.011, OR = 2.024, 95% CI = 1.178–3.476). However, it cannot be suggested that G82S polymorphism was associated with CKD in non-diabetic patients in this study. This is because there were no significant differences in the frequencies of G82S CT + TT genotypes between non-diabetic CKD patients and healthy controls. In addition, the RAGE −374T/A, −429T/C, 1704G/T, 2184A/G and 63-bp deletion polymorphisms were also not associated with non-diabetic CKD patients and diabetic CKD patients in this study.Conclusion:The G82S, −374T/A, −429T/C, 1704G/T, 2184A/G and 63-bp deletion polymorphisms examined in this study were not associated with chronic kidney disease in the Malaysian patients.
Observation of an MHD Alfvén vortex in the slow solar wind
Authors: Roberts O. W. , Li X. , Alexandrova O. , Li B. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn the solar wind, magnetic field power spectra usually show several power laws. In this paper, magnetic field data from the Cluster mission during an undisturbed interval of slow solar wind are analyzed at 0.28 Hz, near the spectral break point between the ion inertial and dissipation/dispersion ranges. Assuming Taylor's frozen‐in condition, it corresponds to a proton kinetic scale of kvA/Ωp∼0.38, where vA and Ωp are the Alfvén speed and proton angular gyrofrequency, respectively. Data show that the Cluster spacecraft passed through a series of wave packets. A strong isolated wave packet is found to be in accordance with the four Cluster satellites crossing an Alfvén vortex, a nonlinear solution to the incompressible MHD equations. A strong agreement is seen between the data from four satellites and a model vortex with a radius of the order of 40 times the local proton gyroradii. The polarization at different spacecraft is compared and is found to agree with the vortex model, whereas it cannot be explained solely by the linear plane wave approach.
Interannual variability in the Saharan dust source activation—Toward understanding the differences between 2007 and 2008
Authors: Wagner Robert , Schepanski Kerstin , Heinold Bernd , Tegen Ina 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe activation of Saharan dust sources is characterized by a diurnal and seasonal cycle and a strong interannual variability. Here reasons for the still unclear interannual changes were investigated using the example of 2007 and 2008, which were years with a clear difference in the number of observed dust source activation (DSA) events. A detailed analysis of dust images derived from satellite observations showed that a sudden increase of DSA at the turn of the year 2007/2008 spreads within some months from eastern to northwestern parts of North Africa. The DSA remains on this significantly enhanced level during the whole year 2008. An examination of regional model and global reanalysis results, and satellite data, was performed to identify drivers for the different DSA patterns, which revealed that many individual factors contributed to the enhanced DSA in 2008. This includes changes in the Sahel rainfall distribution, the wind field over North Africa, differences in the strength of the West African Heat Low, and the occurrence of cold surges propagating from the Mediterranean into the Sahara. The determining factor of at least some of these influences appears to be differences in sea surface temperatures, especially in the tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans, and in the Mediterranean Sea, affecting the large‐scale and local atmospheric circulation patterns and finally fostering Saharan DSA. The activation of alluvial sediments as dust sources after heavy rainfalls in 2007 also plays an important role. Its contribution to the enhanced DSA remains part of further research activity.
Extending “Deep Blue” aerosol retrieval coverage to cases of absorbing aerosols above clouds: Sensitivity analysis and first case studies
Authors: Sayer A. M. , Hsu N. C. , Bettenhausen C. , Lee J. , Redemann J. , Schmid B. , Shinozuka Y. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCases of absorbing aerosols above clouds (AACs), such as smoke or mineral dust, are omitted from most routinely processed space‐based aerosol optical depth (AOD) data products, including those from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). This study presents a sensitivity analysis and preliminary algorithm to retrieve above‐cloud AOD and liquid cloud optical depth (COD) for AAC cases from MODIS or similar sensors, for incorporation into a future version of the “Deep Blue” AOD data product. Detailed retrieval simulations suggest that these sensors should be able to determine AAC AOD with a typical level of uncertainty ∼25–50% (with lower uncertainties for more strongly absorbing aerosol types) and COD with an uncertainty ∼10–20%, if an appropriate aerosol optical model is known beforehand. Errors are larger, particularly if the aerosols are only weakly absorbing, if the aerosol optical properties are not known, and the appropriate model to use must also be retrieved. Actual retrieval errors are also compared to uncertainty envelopes obtained through the optimal estimation (OE) technique; OE‐based uncertainties are found to be generally reasonable for COD but larger than actual retrieval errors for AOD, due in part to difficulties in quantifying the degree of spectral correlation of forward model error. The algorithm is also applied to two MODIS scenes (one smoke and one dust) for which near‐coincident NASA Ames Airborne Tracking Sun photometer (AATS) data were available to use as a ground truth AOD data source, and found to be in good agreement, demonstrating the validity of the technique with real observations.
The ‘Magical’ Effect of Integration on Event Memory
Authors: Bruer Kaila C. , Price Heather L. , Phenix Tom L. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryOnly a handful of studies have extended our understanding of retrieval induced forgetting (RIF) during development and even fewer have tested for RIF effects outside word‐list paradigms. The purpose of these experiments was to: (i) examine how partial retrieval of a witnessed event would impact subsequent retrieval of that event in school‐aged children; and (ii) examine the robustness of semantic integration as a boundary condition on RIF. Two experiments were conducted using the three traditional phases of the RIF paradigm: study phase, practice phase, and test phase. We found clear evidence of RIF in event memory. There was also evidence of the robust impact that integration instructions have on minimizing RIF. Integration appears to not only have a dampening effect on RIF, but integration instructions may also influence how children process all aspects of an experience, regardless of whether a person is passively or actively part of the experience.Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chloride‐Bridged Dinuclear Rhodium(III) Complexes Bearing Chiral Diphosphine Ligands: Catalyst Precursors for Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Simple Olefins
Authors: Kita Yusuke , Hida Shoji , Higashihara Kenya , Jena Himanshu Sekhar , Higashida Kosuke , Mashima Kazushi 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEfficient rhodium(III) catalysts were developed for asymmetric hydrogenation of simple olefins. A new series of chloride‐bridged dinuclear rhodium(III) complexes 1 were synthesized from the rhodium(I) precursor [RhCl(cod)]2, chiral diphosphine ligands, and hydrochloric acid. Complexes from the series acted as efficient catalysts for asymmetric hydrogenation of (E)‐prop‐1‐ene‐1,2‐diyldibenzene and its derivatives without any directing groups, in sharp contrast to widely used rhodium(I) catalytic systems that require a directing group for high enantioselectivity. The catalytic system was applied to asymmetric hydrogenation of allylic alcohols, alkenylboranes, and unsaturated cyclic sulfones. Control experiments support the superiority of dinuclear rhodium(III) complexes 1 over typical rhodium(I) catalytic systems.
Iron‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Stereodefined Enol Carbamates with Grignard Reagents
Authors: Rivera Ana Cristina Parra , Still Raymond , Frantz Doug E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA practical and highly stereoselective iron‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction of stereodefined enol carbamates and Grignard reagents to yield tri‐ and tetrasubstituted acrylates is reported. A facile method for the stereoselective generation of these enol carbamates has also been developed.
Identifying Optimal Zeolitic Sorbents for Sweetening of Highly Sour Natural Gas
Authors: Shah Mansi S. , Tsapatsis Michael , Siepmann J. Ilja 
Published: April 2016

AbstractRaw natural gas is a complex mixture comprising methane, ethane, other hydrocarbons, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and water. For sour gas fields, selective and energy‐efficient removal of H2S is one of the crucial challenges facing the natural‐gas industry. Separation using nanoporous materials, such as zeolites, can be an alternative to energy‐intensive amine‐based absorption processes. Herein, the adsorption of binary H2S/CH4 and H2S/C2H6 mixtures in the all‐silica forms of 386 zeolitic frameworks is investigated using Monte Carlo simulations. Adsorption of a five‐component mixture is utilized to evaluate the performance of the 16 most promising materials under close‐to‐real conditions. It is found that depending on the fractions of CH4, C2H6, and CO2, different sorbents allow for optimal H2S removal and hydrocarbon recovery.
Dates and demography? The need for caution in using radiometric dates as a robust proxy for prehistoric population change
Authors: Hiscock Peter , Attenbrow Val 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTOur paper (Attenbrow and Hiscock 2015) raised serious concerns about the use of radiocarbon dates (sum probability distributions) as evidence of ancient demography. Prominent researchers who commented here and who rely on such interpretations are uncomfortable with our critique, and insist that quantities of dates are a reliable indicator of past population size. Here, we note that while those researchers acknowledge the difficulties of sample selection, taphonomic bias, and the relationship of charcoal and radiocarbon data to human activity, they have not studied or controlled for these matters. At this time, we again advocate caution in the use of dates as data for demographic reconstructions.
Incorporating particle motion into an ADF for fast coupling of fluids with rigid and deformable solids
Authors: Kim Jong‐Hyun , Kim Chang‐Hun , Lee Jung 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe present a new method for the fast simulation of interactions between fluids and solids by incorporating particle‐based water flow into an adaptive signed distance field. In some previous methods, the motion of every water particle is checked when simulating the collision with the solid in the coupling process, and the computational cost becomes very great as the number of particles increases. If only the particles on the leaf nodes surrounding the solid are considered, this reduces the computational cost of collision detection, but some collisions may not be detected. This may lead to the “tunneling” artifact, in which particles with high velocities skip across the layer of leaf nodes. This paper addresses the problem by (i) considering particles only on the leaf nodes in the adaptive structure to improve the processing time required for the water–solid coupling and (ii) considering the water flow to avoid the tunneling artifact by incorporating particle motion into the tree structure of the adaptive signed distance field. Our method can be computed in parallel, and experimental results show that it outperforms previous methods while producing animations that are largely free of artifacts. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Origanum libanoticum, Origanum ehrenbergii, and Origanum syriacum Growing Wild in Lebanon
Authors: Al Hafi Monay , El Beyrouthy Marc , Ouaini Naim , Stien Didier , Rutledge Douglas , Chaillou Sylvain 
Published: April 2016

The essential oils (EOs) of the aerial parts of Origanum libanoticum and Origanum ehrenbergii, endemic to Lebanon, and Origanum syriacum, endemic to the Levantine, were obtained by distillation with a Clevenger apparatus. GC and GC/MS allowed identification of 96.4%, 93.5%, and 95.2% of their constituents, respectively. Carvacrol was the major component of both O. syriacum EO (79%) and O. ehrenbergii EO (60.8%). This compound was absent in O. libanoticum EO and the major compounds were β‐caryophyllene (26.8%), caryophyllene oxide (22.6%), and germacrene D (17.2%). The assessment of their antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans and six pathogenic bacteria revealed that O. libanoticum EO was inactive, while O. syriacum and O. ehrenbergii showed moderate antimicrobial activity with minimal inhibitory concentrations varying from 400 to 1200 μg/ml. These results support the traditional use of these last two species in traditional herbal preparations in Lebanon.
Ultrafast Surface‐Plasmon‐Induced Photodimerization of p‐Aminothiophenol on Ag/TiO2 Nanoarrays
Authors: Chu Jiayu , Miao Peng , Han Xijiang , Du Yunchen , Wang Xianjie , Song Bo , Xu Ping 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSurface‐plasmon‐induced photocatalysis has been of increasing interest as a thriving new paradigm for catalytic reactions, while the efficiency of such kind of reactions remains very limited on metal nanostructures. Herein, an ultrafast photodimerization of p‐aminothiophenol (PATP) into p,p′‐dimercaptobenzene (DMAB) was witnessed on the hybrid system of Ag/TiO2 by visible‐light laser excitation, even under inert gas atmosphere. Hot electrons generated from plasmonic decay would transfer to the conduction band of TiO2, which enables the holes (generated in the metal nanoparticles) to trigger the immediate PATP–DMAB conversion. We believe such ultrafast reaction process, with highly enhanced efficiency, will greatly promote the research and applications of the surface‐plasmon‐induced or assisted catalytic reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: LIQUID‐PHASE EPITAXIAL GROWTH OF GALLIUM‐DOPED SILICON
Authors: SUMNER B. E. , FOLEY R. T. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas epitaktische Wachstum von Ga‐dotiertem Si auf Si aus unterkühlten Schmelzen wird mit Hilfe von Massenspektrometrie, optischer Mikroskopie, Rasterelektronenmikroskopie, IR‐ und Augerelektronenspektroskopie sowie Röntgenbeugungsmessungen untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: ON THE NORMAL OXYGEN POTENTIAL AT A PLATINUM‐OXYGEN ALLOY DIAPHRAGM ELECTRODE
Authors: HOARE J. P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas als Elektrode verwendete Pt‐Diaphragma steht auf der Rückseite mit O2‐gesättigter konz. HNO3 und auf der Vorderseite ( an der das O2‐Restpotential gemessen wird) mit O2‐gesättigter 2 N H2SO4 in Berührung.
ChemInform Abstract: POLARIZATION BEHAVIOR AND STRUCTURE OF LITHIUM‐ALUMINUM‐MAGNESIUM ALLOY ELECTRODES
Authors: MELENDRES C. A. , SIEGEL S. , SETTLE J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDer Einbau von Mg in die LiA1‐Elektrode (zu einem Niveau von 5‐19 Atom‐% an MgAl im Ausgangsmaterial) führt zu steigender Polarisation sowie zu einer bemerkenswerten morphologischen Veränderung, die eine verbesserte Strukturstabilität während cyclischer Lade‐Entlade‐Vorgänge bewirkt.
ChemInform Abstract: THE HYDROGEN‐OXYGEN REACTION ON LANTHANIDE OXIDES. VII. THE HYDROGEN‐OXYGEN REACTION ON SAMARIUM OXIDE
Authors: READ J. F. , CHAN Y. T. , CONRAD R. E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Kinetik der H2‐O2‐Reaktion an einem Sm2O3‐ Katalysator wird bei unterschiedlichen Konzentrationsverhält nissen (stöchiometrisch Reaktionen und nichtstöchiometrische Reaktionen), H2‐Drücken von 220 ‐ 1·103 Nm und Tempp von 323‐650 K untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION, VIBRATIONAL SPECTRA, AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF DITHIONITRONIUM HEXACHLOROANTIMONATE(V), (S2N)(SBCL6)
Authors: FAGGIANI R. , GILLESPIE R. J. , LOCK C. J. L. , TYRER J. D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractS7NH und 1,4‐S6N2H2 gehen mit der Lewis‐ Säure SbCl5 in flüssigem SO2 nicht einfach Kondensationsreaktionen ein, sondern führen, wie auch das Addukt S7NBCI2 gemäß A‐C über komplexe Oxidationsprozesse zum Dithionitronium‐Kation S2N+·S2NSbCl6 kristallisiert in der orthorhombischen Raumgruppe 1222 mit Z=2.
ChemInform Abstract: THE ABSOLUTE CONFIGURATION OF (+)‐ISOCAMPHENILANIC ACID BY X‐RAY ANALYSIS AND OF (‐)‐CAMPHENE
Authors: MIDGLEY J. M. , WHALLEY W. B. , BUCHBAUER G. , HANA G. W. , KOCH H. , ROBERTS P. J. , FERGUSON G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie absolute Konfiguration von (+)‐Isocamphenilansäure (+)‐(Ia) wird durch die Röntgenkristallanalyse des Esters (+)‐(Ib) (P21; Z=4) bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: HYDROGENATION AND HYDROGENOLYSIS. XVI. THE REACTIONS OF TWO ISOMERIC ENOL ETHERS OF 3‐METHYLCYCLOHEXANONE OVER PLATINUM GROUP METALS
Authors: NISHIMURA S. , KAGAWA K. , SATO N. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Wirksamkeit der Pt‐Metalle als Hydrierungskatalysatoren nimmt in bezug auf den Enolether (I) im Sinne Pt>> Os > Rh > Ir > Pd > Ru und in bezug auf (II) im Sinne Pt >> Os > Rh > Ir > Ru > Pd ab.
ChemInform Abstract: CLEAVAGE OF DIALKYL AND ARYL ALKYL ESTERS WITH HYDROBROMIC ACID IN THE PRESENCE OF PHASE‐TRANSFER CATALYSTS
Authors: LANDINI D. , MONTANARI F. , ROLLA F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDialkylether (I) werden im Zweiphasensystem mit 48% Bromwasserstoffsäure in Gegenwart von quartären Phosphoniumsalzen (II) bei 115°C in guten Ausbeuten zu Alkylbromiden (III) und (IV) gespalten.
ChemInform Abstract: INTRAMOLECULAR CYCLOADDITION REACTIONS OF MONO‐ AND DIHYDROXYPYRIMIDINES
Authors: DAVIES L. B. , LECI O. A. , SAMMES P. G. , WATT R. A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWährend Dienophile mit Dihydroxypyrimidinen Diels‐Alder‐Addukte bilden können wie z.B. Acetylendicarbonsäuredimethylester mit dem Pyrimidin (I) das Addukt (III) [das unter den Versuchsbedingungen zum großen Teil durch eine Retrodienspaltung in das Pyridon (II) übergeht], ist′ eine intermolekulare Addition unaktivierter Olefine an (I) aus energetischen Gründen nicht möglich.
ChemInform Abstract: THE PHOTOCHEMICAL SULFINYL EXTRUSION OF 2,2,4,4‐TETRAACYLTHIETANE 1‐OXIDES
Authors: ITO S. , MORI J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie aus (I) erhaltenen Thietane (IIa) werden mit m‐Chlorperbenzoesäure zu (IIb) bzw. (III) oxidiert.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF DI‐ AND POLYOLS BY TRANSACETALIZATION OF 1,3‐DIOXACYCLANES
Authors: MUSAVIROV R. S. , KANTOR E. A. , RAKHMANKULOV D. L. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract1.3‐Dioxacyclane (I) reagieren in einer Gleichgewichtsreaktion mit den Diolen (II) unter Wirkung saurer Katalysatoren (H2SO4, H3PO4, HOTos, HCl, BF3 ′ OEt2, Kationit KU‐2) zu den Diolen (III); in einigen Fällen treten auch Dehydratisierungsprodukte der Diole (III) auf.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMISTRY OF ALKYLDICYANAMIDES; IV. SYNTHESIS OF 1‐ALKYL‐1‐CYANOTHIOUREAS, 3‐ALKYL‐2‐THIOBIURETS, AND 3‐ALKYL‐2,4‐DITHIOBIURETS
Authors: BENDERS P. H. , VAN ERKELENS P. A. E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAlkyldicyanamide (I) werden mit Schwefelwasserstoff bei Raumtemperatur nahezu quantitativ zu 1‐Alkyl‐lcyan‐thioharnstoffen (II) umgesetzt, die in Gegenwart von Triethylamin mit weiterem Schwefelwasserstoff 3‐Alkyl‐2,4‐dithiobiurete (III) ergeben.
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS AND REACTION OF 3,4‐DIMETHYLENE‐1,5‐CYCLOHEPTADIENE
Authors: ODA M. , KATO K. , KITAHARA Y. , KURODA S. , MORITA N. , ASAO T. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAuf dem im Reaktionsschema angegebenen Weg wurde das Cycloheptadien (VII) hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW RING OPENING REACTIONS OF THREE MEMBERED HETEROCYCLES, OXIRANES, AZIRIDINES, AND THIIRANES, WITH PHENYL ACETATE
Authors: FUNAHASHI K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Dreiringheterocyclen (II) reagieren in Gegenwart von Basen mit Phenylacetat (I) zu den Essigsäurederivaten (III) und (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON THE COMPOUNDS RELATED TO AZULENE. II. SYNTHESIS AND ANTIALLERGIC ACTIVITY OF P‐(3‐GUAIAZULENYL AZO) BENZENESULFONAMIDES
Authors: HAMAJIMA R. , IWANO K. , OKUDA H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDurch Azokupplung erhält man aus dem Azulen (I) und den diazotierten Sulfonamiden (II) die Azoverbindungen (III) in guten Ausbeuten.