bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burden and awareness of anemia among adolescent girls of residential school in Telangana
Authors: Kamble Bhushan D. , John Remya Mary , Kona Chandralekha , Reddy Mounika , Kundapur Rashmi , Agarwal Neeraj 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Adolescence is an important transition phase and the burden of anemia among adolescent school-going children is not well explored. The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of anemia among school-going adolescent girls and to explore their awareness on anemia.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 217 adolescent girls studying in a residential school of Bibinagar village, Telangana. A pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire was administered to collect the data. Hemoglobin (Hb) was estimated using TrueHb. Data was entered into excel and was analyzed using SPSS software version 21.

Results
The mean (±SD) age of the adolescent girls was 13.8 (±0.99) years. About 74.2 % of the girls were in 12–14 years’ age group. About 91.7 % had attained menarche. The prevalence of anemia was 81.6 % with a mean (±SD) Hb of 9.5 (±2.7) g/dl among adolescent girls. Among the adolescent girls, 32.7 % had severe anemia, 31.8 % had moderate anemia and 17.1 % had mild anemia. About 86.2 % adolescent girls had heard of anemia while 60.8 % adolescent girls felt that anemia is preventable and only 27.6 % were aware about iron-rich foods. About 38 % of adolescent girls were not aware of any causes of anemia.

Conclusions
The prevalence of anemia was very high among the school-going adolescent girls of rural Telangana. The awareness regarding causes of anemia and iron-rich foods was low among study adolescent girls. Thus, there is a dire need to conduct frequent Test, Treat and Talk (T3) Anemia camps in schools through district school health program.
A typology of the Arabic system of mood
Authors: Bardi Mohamed Ali 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article is about the interpersonal side of the clause in Arabic. It more specifically studies all the different speech functions inherent in the exchange of meanings: offer, command (viz. proposals), statement, and question (viz. propositions). The main question that this article seeks to answer is how Arabic realizes these different speech functions through variations in mood choices. The purpose of the article is to fill a gap in the literature. In fact, there have not been many major attempts to describe the Arabic system of mood in the reference grammars of Arabic. Although this article defines the delimitation of the system of mood in Arabic from the perspective of systemic functional linguistics, it also draws from the work of earlier Arab grammarians which has been either ignored or misinterpreted for centuries. For the purpose of this study, dialogic texts from various sources have been analysed including scenes from movies, plays, novels, and The Noble Quran. The findings show that the system of mood in Arabic is different from its English counterpart and from that of other languages.
LINCing learners to digital literacy: supporting social integration and English language learning during COVID-19
Authors: Hanks Robert , Turin Mark , Yeung H. Henny 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Many newcomers to Canada experience significant difficulties adjusting to life in their new community, with few more challenging than learning English. While Canada’s Language Instruction for Newcomers to Canada (LINC) program suggests a pathway to social integration, ideologies pertaining to language and diversity that inform the LINC program can lead to the assimilation and marginalization of immigrant and refugee newcomers. The disruptions that COVID-19 brought to LINC classes exacerbated these issues. Here, we explore these themes in an ethnographic study of one LINC site and suggest that the incorporation of digital technologies could offer a space for a translingual pedagogy to take root. With appropriate guidance, the adoption of a translingual pedagogy could work against the problematic discourses perpetuating within LINC and improve English learning outcomes by providing increased opportunities for digital literacy socialization.
Hybrid Modeling Techniques for Municipal Solid Waste Forecasting: An Application to OECD Countries
Authors: Chellai Fatih 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Accurate forecasting of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation is critical for effective waste management, given the rising volumes of waste posing environmental and public health challenges. This study investigates the efficacy of hybrid forecasting models in predicting MSW generation trends across Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. The empirical analysis utilizes five distinct approaches – ARIMA, Theta model, neural networks, exponential smoothing state space (ETS), and TBATS models. MSW data spanning 1995–2021 for 29 OECD nations are analyzed using the hybrid models and benchmarked against individual ARIMA models. The results demonstrate superior predictive accuracy for the hybrid models across multiple error metrics, capturing complex data patterns and relationships missed by individual models. The forecasts project continued MSW generation growth in most countries but reveal nuanced country-level differences as well. The implications for waste management policies include implementing waste reduction and recycling programs, investing in infrastructure and technology, enhancing public education, implementing pricing incentives, rigorous monitoring and evaluation of practices, and multi-stakeholder collaboration. However, uncertainties related to model selection and data limitations warrant acknowledgment. Overall, this study affirms the value of hybrid forecasting models in providing robust insights to inform evidence-based waste management strategies and transition toward sustainability in the OECD region.
Fundamental representation of the amount of substance fraction of carbon dioxide in nitrogen according to the dynamic volumetric principle
Authors: Pachinger Dietmar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The new Austrian primary standard for the amount of substance fraction of carbon dioxide in nitrogen is presented. The primary standard is working according to the dynamic volumetric principle and is a fundamental representation of the measurement quantity. The direct traceability to the basic SI units is thereby thermodynamically realized without an artefact. A complete measurement uncertainty budget is calculated and verified with a bilateral inter-laboratory comparison.
Low-Level, Early Life Lead Exposure and School Behavior
Authors: Shadbegian Ron , Bui Linda , Klemick Heather , Margolit-Chan Rebecca , Hoang Anh , Guignet Dennis 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To measure how early childhood exposure to lead affects school behavior from third to eighth grade, measured by the number and days of total school suspensions (TSS) and out-of-school suspensions (OSS).

METHODS
We estimate Poisson models using a cohort of 284 701 students with school records from 2006–2008 in North Carolina. We adjust for demographic and socioeconomic variables and school–grade–year cohort effects, and use coarsened exact matching to ensure similar characteristics across children with blood lead levels (BLLs) 2–10 μg/dL and children in the reference group with BLLs ≤ 1 μg/dL.

RESULTS
BLLs ≥ 3 µg/dL are positively and significantly associated with all school suspension measures for sixth through eighth graders. The estimated effects on OSS for sixth through eighth graders are larger than the effects on TSS. For example, students with BLL = 3 µg/dL receive OSS 16% (95% confidence interval 3.6% – 30%) more often and for 22% (95% confidence interval 7.3% – 33%) more days than students with BLL ≤1 µg/dL. For third through fifth grade students, we only find a significant effect of lead exposure on suspensions at relatively high BLLs of 8 – 10 µg/dL.

CONCLUSIONS
Our analysis demonstrates that BLL has significant adverse effects on third through eighth grade students’ behavior, including at levels below the current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s blood lead reference value of 3.5 μg/dL. We find that the adverse effects of lead are most strongly associated with more severe disruptive behavior in sixth through eighth graders, as measured by OSS. Our results underscore the long-term benefits of preventing early childhood exposure to lead.
Sickle Cell Disease and Lead Poisoning in New York City, 2005–2019
Authors: Seifu Leah , Sedlar Slavenka , Grant Ta’Sharee , Faciano Andrew , Ehrlich Jacqueline 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
Previous analyses of New York City (NYC) health department’s lead registry indicated that, among children with lead poisoning, an increased prevalence of sickle cell disease (SCD) exists. However, SCD is not considered a risk factor for lead poisoning. We assessed the association between SCD and childhood lead poisoning to determine if specific lead poisoning prevention efforts are needed for children with SCD.

METHODS
We analyzed NYC’s lead registry data for children with venous blood lead levels (BLLs) ≥15 mcg/dL during 2005 to 2019. t tests and χ2 tests were performed to compare demographic characteristics, BLLs, and lead exposure risks in non-Hispanic Black children with and without SCD. A t test was used to compare observed SCD prevalence among Black children with BLLs ≥15 mcg/dL with an estimated 0.43% SCD prevalence among Black NYC children.

RESULTS
Among 1728 Black children with BLLs ≥15 mcg/dL identified, 37 (2.14%) had SCD. When comparing children with and without SCD, both mean age at peak BLL (62.8 versus 42.7 months; P = .003) and peak BLL (42.59 versus 23.06 mcg/dL; P = .008) were higher for children with SCD. Among risk factors for lead exposure, children with SCD had higher prevalence of pica. Observed SCD prevalence was 1.71% higher than estimated SCD prevalence among Black NYC children (P &lt; .001).

CONCLUSIONS
We found a potential association between SCD and childhood lead poisoning. Pica emerged as a potentially important risk factor. Our findings might have implications for lead poisoning prevention guidelines for children with SCD.
Deconstructing the Downward Spiral: Anthology as Coherence in the Book of Judges
Authors: Hurlbert Brandon M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Many conceive of the shape of the book of Judges as a downward spiral with each leader getting worse, culminating in the horrific events of Judg 19–21. Proponents of this reading suggest that the judges can be evaluated by how closely they imitate their predecessors and the so-called judges cycle in Judg 2:11–19. In this article, I provide a historical survey to show that this interpretation originates during the literary turn in biblical studies and argues for a coherent literary reading in contrast to the source-critical approaches of the twentieth century. Since then, however, the downward spiral has become a cliché. Using eight tests, I argue that this reading is not substantiated through close textual analysis, and therefore Judges is better understood as a creatively curated anthology of stories set in a particular moral-literary world. The book demonstrates an ideological cohesion between the narratives but resists descriptions of linear progression along a particular theme (e.g., moral deterioration). Each of the main narratives (3:7–21:28) can be read on its own terms without the meaning being overdetermined by position or structure. Instead, Judges finds its narrative and ideological coherence through its anthology because each story is set within the same moral universe/narrative world.
Research advances in the function and anti-aging effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide
Authors: Wang Min , Cao Yuan , Li Yun , Wang Lu , Liu Yuyan , Deng Zihui , Zhu Lianrong , Kang Hongjun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAging and age-related ailments have emerged as critical challenges and great burdens within the global contemporary society. Addressing these concerns is an imperative task, with the aims of postponing the aging process and finding effective treatments for age-related degenerative diseases. Recent investigations have highlighted the significant roles of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in the realm of anti-aging. It has been empirically evidenced that supplementation with nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) can elevate NAD+ levels in the body, thereby ameliorating certain age-related degenerative diseases. The principal anti-aging mechanisms of NMN essentially lie in its impact on cellular energy metabolism, inhibition of cell apoptosis, modulation of immune function, and preservation of genomic stability, which collectively contribute to the deferral of the aging process. This paper critically reviews and evaluates existing research on the anti-aging mechanisms of NMN, elucidates the inherent limitations of current research, and proposes novel avenues for anti-aging investigations.
Simulación de sistemas de engorde de bovinos en pastoreo en el trópico húmedo de Costa Rica en función de carga animal, nivel de melaza suplementaria y época del año
Authors: Hernández José Daniel , Ramírez Alberto , Pezo Danilo , Villanueva Cristóbal , Quiroz Roberto 
Published: October 2024

Los sistemas silvopastoriles (SSP) son una alternativa sostenible para producir carne bovina en el trópico. En el presente estudio se obtuvieron ganancias diarias de peso (GDP) por animal de 0.64 kg en pasturas de Urochloa brizantha 'Toledo' + Arachis pintoi o U. decumbens sola, las que han persistido por más de 10 años, con cargas que van de 1.9 a 3.2 UA/ha (UA=400 kg PV) en ciclos de 10 meses. Los potreros tenían cercas vivas de Gliricidia sepium y árboles dispersos de Erythrina poeppigiana y Cordia alliodora. Se simuló el comportamiento observado con el modelo Life-Sim y se encontró que el promedio del error absoluto (MAE), para 25 comparaciones de GDP, fue de 0.056 kg. El suministro de melaza al 18.32% del consumo potencial de MS, aportó la energía requerida para un mejor aprovechamiento de la proteína contenida en el forraje consumido, alcanzando una GDP de 0.85 kg, pero su uso no resultó económicamente factible. Se evaluó, además, el efecto de la fluctuación de los precios de compra y venta de bovinos para la actividad de engorde a lo largo del año. El máximo margen bruto por animal correspondió al inicio del engorde en febrero (US$ 621), el mínimo para marzo (US$ 445) y la media anual fue US$ 544. Cuando se utilizaron los precios de los últimos 10 años, no se encontró diferencia entre los meses de inicio del engorde. Otros parámetros evaluados fueron consumo de N (139.66±3.88 g/animal/día); retención de N (25.60±0.58%); cantidad de N urinario (49.74±0.63 g/animal/día), y fecal (54.12±1.50 g/animal/día); y emisiones de CH4 (80.48±4.76 kg/año).
Hydrogeological Resolution Using Composite Geophysical Methods: A Case Study of Inland Salinity in Part of Agra, Uttar Pradesh India
Authors: Singh Anirudh , Pratap Birendra , Mankikar Tejas Y. , Singh Shashi Kant 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis manuscript is an attempt at utilizing a combination of varied Geophysical methods (n = 4) – Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES), Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), Time Domain Electromagnetic (TEM), and Borehole logging for finer resolution of potential fresh groundwater and saline groundwater aquifer zones in marginal alluvial plains of Agra district, Uttar Pradesh state. A conceptual model of sub-surface aquifer disposition displaying zones of fresh and saline groundwater zones was prepared using an interpreted and processed multi-parameter dataset. A positive correlation was found between TEM (44.6 m), Well log data (43.0 m), VES data (47.2), and ERT data (45.0 m) demarcating the boundary up to which fresh groundwater potential lies from the ground surface. Conventional methods rely on resistivity values to identify groundwater potential zones, and a rough estimation of salinity can be carried out. Instead of the conventional VES method, the combination of aforesaid methods results in finer resolution and easier demarcation of fresh groundwater zones from those of saline zones. This method can be successfully reproduced to demarcate the extent of saline water ingress in coastal areas and finding freshwater lenses within inland saline aquifers.
Prediction of Geo-mechanical Parameter Logs from Petrophysical Well Logs using Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Khetani Nehal , Shah Vatsal , Gajera Darshan , Pathak Om , Ramalingam Vivek 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
The application of machine learning algorithms has grown over the past several years, offering a more effective and reliable substitute to traditional techniques in the oil and gas industry. Estimating geo-mechanical characteristics like Young’s modulus, Shear modulus, and Poisson’s ratio from well logs play a crucial role in reservoir characterization. Sonic logs are used to predict geo-mechanical properties, but the least number of wells are logged for sonic data and specific depths due to practical and financial limitations. The present paper aims to develop a predictive machinelearning model to fill the unknowns, by training six distinct models, linear regression, decision tree, random forest, gradient boosting, support vector machine, and KNN. The Volve field open-source data is used to train the model, where three of the five wells have P-wave and S-wave logs. The available data set is trained and validated by a train-test split composition (70%:30%) to further predict the unknown logs. Hyperparameter tuning of the parameters is performed, and the best of the mentioned models, specify to the input data is used for prediction. Random Forest regressor is found to be the best model for the data with the accuracy score R2=0.967 and RMSE=0.12. The predicted logs are then used to develop continuous logs of the geo-mechanical properties of the formation. The tuned model developed can potentially enhance comprehension and prediction of objective parameters. The computed logs can subsequently be integrated with seismic data, facilitating the development of a realistic geostatic model.
Source Minerals for the Release of Salinity in the Groundwater: A Case Study of Pratapgarh District, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Maurya Sandhya , Saxena Abhishek , Singh Anjali , Joshi Rishabh 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to determine the salinity of groundwater, identify the nature of its sources, and to understand the physicochemical conditions that cause high level of salinity to be discharged into groundwater. There are several factors that influence groundwater salinity, including water quality, soil type, irrigation techniques, and groundwater depth. A total of 40 ground water samples were collected from dug wells, tube wells, and hand pumps in salinity-affected areas and analysed using physicochemical variables. A total of 11 sediment samples were collected and analysed for lithology and mineralogy. Due to high level of cations and anions in the groundwater, the study area is highly contaminated. It was observed that the leaching of salt is highly dependent on sediment types and salt-bearing minerals. Attempts were also made to determine the various depth zones responsible for release of salt in shallow aquifers. For sedimentological and mineralogical studies, a piezometer was installed at a maximum depth of 33 m below the ground surface. Based on the results of the study, it was observed that groundwater chemistry is primarily influenced by water-rock interactions, ion exchange processes, weathering (carbonate and silicate), and evaporation. These research findings will contribute to more effective sustainable groundwater management in areas with water scarcity and it will also boost the Indian economy.
Landslides: A Review from the Southern Western Ghats of India
Authors: G.A. Arpitha , A.L. Choodarathnakara , G.S. Sinchana 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Landslides are the most unpredictable catastrophic events in mountainous and hilly regions. South Western Ghats one among of the regions in India that have experienced recurring landslides due to increase in pre-and post-monsoon rains. Landslides often cause damage to buildings, roads, natural vegetation, even result in the loss of human lives in South Western Ghats with indirect impact on the socioeconomic status of the country. It is crucial to depict the current trend technologies and their performance in landslide studies, offering valuable insights into mitigation strategies. This article highlights on prevalent techniques for mapping landslide zones, along with major conditional factors and assess the performance of these techniques in landslide susceptibility mapping of the South Western Ghats. Landslide studies of the South Western Ghats reveal 20% of the research work with the Landsat 8 OLI for mapping landslides, 13.3% of the studies using the higher spatial resolutions 2.5m and 10m of Cartosat DEM, the rest of the studies were based on the spatial resolution of 12.5m and 30m from ALOS PALSAR, ASTER and SRTM DEM. About 26% landslide studies have employed quantitative approaches primarily the frequency ratio of bivariate. Subsequently machine learning techniques such as random forest and support vector machine have gained prominence, accounting for 33% landslide studies. The literature depicts precipitation as a significant triggering factor and slope as the major conditional factor in the occurrence of landslides within the South Western Ghats. Prioritized densely populated areas in landslide studies have increased attention to smaller geographical areas and forest regions in the South Western Ghats to protect both inhabitants and ecosystems.
A GIS and Remote Sensing-based Approach on Supraglacial Lake Dynamics Study in the Himalayan Glaciers
Authors: Mohanty Litan , Maiti Sabyasachi 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
The formation of supraglacial lakes is one of such essential indications for the ice mass loss as well as global warming in the glaciers of the high mountains. Here, a total of 2072 glaciers with size &gt;2km2 and supraglacial debris cover &gt;15% were taken for the supraglacial morphodynamic study in the Himalaya. Moreover, a detailed study was performed in Everest and Uttrakhand regions as representative of eastern and western Himalaya concerning the supraglacial lake's behavior and its future consequences. Normalized elevation, feature selection techniques, cumulative frequency, and lake density were adopted for the supraglacial lake morphodynamics analysis. Lake size and lake numbers were continuously increasing since 1990 in those two sub-regions as well as in the whole Himalaya. A total of 14421, 23215, 24263 and 26112 supraglacial lakes and 58.55km2, 72.75km2, 73.34km2 and 87.75km2 of supraglacial lake size were demarcated for the years 1995, 2010, 2015 and 2019, respectively in the Himalaya. Unlike Uttarakhand and Arunachal regions, supraglacial lake density is higher in Everest, Sikkim and Bhutan regions. Most of the supraglacial lakes were gathered at the lower part of the ablation area (NE&lt;2). Overall lake size is higher in Everest region (8.9km2) than in the Uttarakhand region (3.2km2). Similarly, Lake coalescing was also observed in Everest region only. The feature selection technique exhibited that the lake density is controlled mostly by slope followed by ice thickness and surface velocity.