bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: NICKEL(II)‐KOMPLEXE VON MEHRZAEHNIGEN FLUORPHOSPHIN‐LIGANDEN
Authors: ELLER P. GARY , MEEK DEVON W. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIm Gegensatz zu zweizähnigen, nichtfluorierten Analogen, die fünffach‐koordinierte Komplexe bilden, reagiert Bis‐[diphenylphosphino]‐perfluorbenzol mit entsprechenden hydratisierten Ni(II)‐Salzen zu den planaren, vierfach‐koordi‐ nierten Ni‐Komplexen (I) und (II).
ChemInform Abstract: STABILISIERUNG VON HEXACHLORORUTHENAT(III)‐ UND HEXABROMORUTHENAT(III)‐ANIONEN DURCH DAS 2,2′,2′′‐TRIAMMONIOTRIAETHYLAMIN‐KATION
Authors: GAYLOR J. R. , SENOFF C. V. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEine wäßrige Lösung von Tris‐[oxalato]‐ruthenat reagiert mit dem Triammoniotriäthylamin‐Kation in Gegenwart von konz. HCl bzw. HBr im Überschuß zu den Verbindungen (Ia) bzw. (Ib), die mit einem Mol der Säure als Solvat isoliert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: NEUE SYNTH. VON VITAMIN K
Authors: SATO K. , INOUE S. , SAITO K. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Behandlung der ungesättigten Bromide (Ia) und (Ib) mit Nickeltetracarbonyl (II) bei 50°C in Benzol unter Stickstoff ergibt die Nickel(I)‐bromid‐Komplexe (IIIa) bzw. (IIIb), von denen (IIIa) in Dimethylformamid mit den Bromnaphthalinen (IVa) und (IVb) zu den Verbindungen (Va) bzw. (Vb) umgesetzt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: ACETOLYTISCHE SPALTUNG DER EPIMEREN 2‐ UND 6‐METHOXY‐5ALPHA‐CHOLESTANE MIT EINER 1,2‐HYDRIDVERSCHIEBUNG ZUM C‐2
Authors: BRUCE S. E. , GALL RUTH E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Acetolyse des Äthers (Ia) in Gegenwart von BF3 mit anschließender Hydrolyse ergibt als Hauptprodukt das Cholesten (II) und den umgelagerten Alkohol (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SIMMONS‐SMITH‐METHYLENIERUNG VON DELTA(5)‐STEROIDEN
Authors: KOHOUT L. , FAJKOS J. , SORM F. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractNach Simmons‐Smith werden aus den entsprechenden A5‐Steroiden die Cyclopropano‐Derivate hergestellt, z.B. (II), (III), (V), (VI) und (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: VERBESSERTE FESTPHASEN‐SYNTH. VON PEPTIDEN, DIE TRYPTOPHAN ENTHALTEN 1. MITT. ANWENDUNG VON CHLORWASSERSTOFF IN AMEISENSAEURE ZUR ABSPALTUNG DER TERT.‐BUTYLOXYCARBONYL (BOC)‐GRUPPE
Authors: OHNO MOTONORI , TSUKAMOTO SADAJI , MAKISUMI SATORU , IZUMIYA NOBUE 
Published: February 2016

AbstractVon Boc‐Leucyl‐Harz ausgehend wird unter Verwendung der sechsfachen molaren Menge 0,ln HCl in Ameisensäure mit den entsprechenden Boc‐Aminosäuren das Heptapeptid Lys‐Ala‐Gly‐Leu‐Gly‐Trp‐Leu aufgebaut.
Gramicidin A Mutants with Antibiotic Activity against Both Gram‐Positive and Gram‐Negative Bacteria
Authors: Zerfas Breanna L. , Joo Yechaan , Gao Jianmin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have shown potential as alternatives to traditional antibiotics for fighting infections caused by antibiotic‐resistant bacteria. One promising example of this is gramicidin A (gA). In its wild‐type sequence, gA is active by permeating the plasma membrane of Gram‐positive bacteria. However, gA is toxic to human red blood cells at similar concentrations to those required for it to exert its antimicrobial effects. Installing cationic side chains into gA has been shown to lower its hemolytic activity while maintaining the antimicrobial potency. In this study, we present the synthesis and the antibiotic activity of a new series of gA mutants that display cationic side chains. Specifically, by synthesizing alkylated lysine derivatives through reductive amination, we were able to create a broad selection of structures with varied activities towards Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Importantly, some of the new mutants were observed to have an unprecedented activity towards important Gram‐negative pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Psuedomonas aeruginosa.
Cavitand‐Based Polyphenols as Highly Reactive Organocatalysts for the Coupling of Carbon Dioxide and Oxiranes
Authors: Martínez‐Rodríguez Luis , Otalora Garmilla Javier , Kleij Arjan W. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA variety of cavitand‐based polyphenols was prepared from cheap and accessible aldehyde and resorcinol/pyrogallol reagents to give the respective resorcin[4]‐ or pyrogallol[4]arenes. The preorganization of the phenolic units allows intra‐ and intermolecular hydrogen bond (HB) networks that affect both the reactivity and stability of these HB‐donor catalysts. Unexpectedly, we found that the resorcin[4]arenes show cooperative catalysis behavior compared to the parent resorcinol in the catalytic coupling of epoxides and CO2 with a significantly higher turnover. At elevated reaction temperatures, the resorcin[4]arene‐based catalyst 3 d displays the best catalytic performance with very high turnover numbers and frequencies, combining increased reactivity and stability compared to pyrogallol, and an ample substrate scope. This type of polyphenol structure thus illustrates the importance of a new, highly competitive organocatalyst design to devise sustainable CO2 conversion processes.
Dust Solitons in Reactive Plasma of a Spherical Glow Discharge
Authors: Sukhinin G. I. , Sakhapov S. Z. , Fedoseev A. V. , Novopashin S. A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe formation of clouds of dust particles at the edge of striations of a spherical discharge in ethanol was observed. Periodically, a dust cloud experienced sudden explosion, split into two clouds, which moved in the opposite directions (to the centre of spherical discharge and to the chamber wall). The velocity of the dust cloud was the exponentially decaying function of time with a surprisingly small damping rate as in the case of dissipative dust solitory waves. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Foxa1 is essential for mammary duct formation
Authors: Liu Yi , Zhao Yongbing , Skerry Benjamin , Wang Xiao , Colin‐Cassin Christelle , Radisky Derek C. , Kaestner Klaus H. , Li Zhaoyu 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThe transcription factor forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1) plays a critical role in the proliferation of human breast cancer cells, particularly estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)‐positive luminal breast cancer cells. However, genetic studies of the requirement for Foxa1 in mammary tumor formation in mice have been hampered by the lack of a conditional gene ablation. We examined three mouse models of mammary‐specific ablation of Foxa1 in ductal epithelial cells to identify the best system for complete and mammary‐specific ablation of Foxa1. We found that MMTV‐Cre and MMTV‐rtTA;Tet‐On‐Cre led to partial deletion of Foxa1 and attenuated mammary duct formation, whereas Krt14‐Cre led to complete ablation of Foxa1 and abolished mammary duct formation, in Foxa1loxP/loxP mice. These results demonstrate that Foxa1 is essential for mammary duct formation, and reveal a series of mouse models in which mammary expression of Foxa1 can be attenuated or completely blocked. Our study also suggests a potentially powerful model for complete ablation of Foxa1 in mammary epithelial cells using Krt14‐driven Cre expression in an inducible manner, such as Krt14‐rtTA;Tet‐On‐Cre. This model system will facilitate further in vivo functional studies of Foxa1 or other factors in mammary gland development and tumor formation and progression. genesis 54:277–285, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Birth dates vary with fixed and dynamic maternal features, offspring sex, and extreme climatic events in a high‐latitude marine mammal
Authors: Rotella Jay J. , Paterson J. Terrill , Garrott Robert A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractReproductive synchrony tends to be widespread in diverse species of plants and animals, especially at higher latitudes. However, for long‐lived mammals, birth dates for different individuals can vary by weeks within a population. A mother's birth timing can reveal useful information about her reproductive abilities and have important implications for the characteristics and survival of her offspring. Despite this, our current knowledge of factors associated with variation in birth dates is modest. We used long‐term data for known‐age Weddell seals in Antarctica and a Bayesian hierarchical modeling approach to study how birth dates varied with fixed and temporally varying features of mothers, whether sex allocation varied with birth timing, and annual variation in birth dates. Based on birth dates for 4465 pups born to 1117 mothers aged 4–31, we found that diverse features of mothers were associated with variation in birth dates. Maternal identity was the most important among these. Unlike most studies, which have reported that birth dates occur earlier as mothers age, we found that birth dates progressively occurred earlier in the year in the early part of a mother's reproductive life, reached a minimum at age 16, and then occurred later at later ages. Birth dates were positively related to a mother's age at primiparity and recent reproductive effort. The earliest birth dates were for pups born to prime‐age mothers who did not reproduce in the previous year but began reproduction early in life, suggesting that females in the best condition gave birth earlier than others. If so, our finding that male pups tended to be born earlier than females provides support for the Trivers–Willard sex‐allocation model. Average birth dates were quite consistent across years, except for 2 years that had notable delays and occurred during the period when massive icebergs were present and disrupted the ecosystem.
Functional homogenization of flower visitor communities with urbanization
Authors: Deguines Nicolas , Julliard Romain , de Flores Mathieu , Fontaine Colin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractLand‐use intensification and resulting habitat loss are put forward as the main causes of flower visitor decline. However, the impact of urbanization, the prime driver of land‐use intensification in Europe, is poorly studied. In particular, our understanding of whether and how it affects the composition and functioning of flower visitor assemblages is scant, yet required to cope with increasing urbanization worldwide. Here, we use a nation‐wide dataset of plant‐flower visitor (Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera) interactions sampled by citizen scientists following a standardized protocol to assess macroecological changes in richness and composition of flower visitor communities with urbanization. We measured the community composition by quantifying the relative occurrence of generalist and specialist flower visitors based on their specialisation on flowering plant families. We show that urbanization is associated with reduced flower visitor richness and a shift in community composition toward generalist insects, indicating a modification of the functional composition of communities. These results suggest that urbanization affects not only the richness of flower visitor assemblages but may also cause their large‐scale functional homogenization. Future research should focus on designing measures to reconcile urban development with flower visitor conservation.
Docosahexaenoic acid supports feto‐placental growth and protects cardiovascular and cognitive function: A mini review
Authors: Duttaroy Asim K. 
Published: February 2016

Docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n‐3 (DHA), one of the important members of the n‐3 fatty acids, positively affects overall human health. DHA is now regarded as an important dietary ingredient required throughout the life cycle including from early placentation, feto‐placental growth and development to the maintenance of general health. Although DHA can be synthesized in the body from its precursor, alpha linolenic acid, 18:3n‐3 (ALA), but the main effective dietary source of DHA is seafoods. The beneficial effects of DHA on human health are known for long time; only recently the mechanisms of action of DHA and its derivatives at both cellular and molecular levels are emerging. This mini review focuses on the roles of DHA and its metabolites on early placentation, feto‐placental growth and development, cardiovascular disease, immune and cognitive disorders.Practical applications: This review describes the importance of docosahexaenoic acid in human health. This mini review focuses on the roles of DHA on early placentation, feto‐placental growth and development, cardiovascular disease, immune and cognitive disorders.Docosahexaenoic acid affects feto‐placental growth and development, brain structure and function, cardiovascular and immune systems. DHA is now regarded as an important dietary ingredient required in early placentation, feto‐placental growth, and development to the maintenance of general health. DHA can be synthesized in the body from its precursor, alpha linolenic acid, 18:3n‐3 but the main effective dietary source of DHA is seafoods. An optimal intake of DHA is especially essential for pregnant mothers to ensure adequate feto‐placental growth and for fetal brain structure and function. DHA is essential for the adult brain, where it impacts the brain's structure and signaling systems. DHA modulates cardiovascular and immune systems via different structural and signaling mechanisms.
Spiroketal Formation by Cascade Oxidative Dearomatization: An Ap­proach to the Phorbaketal Skeleton
Authors: Shirley Harry J. , Bray Christopher D. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAddition of PhI(OAc)2 to phenols that have meta‐linked hydroxy ketones results in cascade oxidative dearomatizing spirocyclization to give tricyclic spiroketals. This framework is found in the phorbaketal family of natural products.
Direct Synthesis of Noroxymorph­one from Thebaine: Unusual CeIV Oxidation of a Methoxydiene‐Iron Complex to an Enone‐γ‐Nitrate
Authors: Machara Ales , Endoma‐Arias Mary Ann A. , Císařová Ivana , Cox D. Phillip , Hudlicky Tomas 
Published: February 2016

AbstractNoroxymorphone was prepared from thebaine in seven operations. The key steps involved the successive N‐ and O‐demethylations of an iron tricarbonyl complex of thebaine followed by the unusual ceric ammonium nitrate oxidation of the methoxydiene moiety to the corresponding enone‐γ‐nitrate during the decomplexation of the iron tricarbonyl functionality.
Does catastrophic thinking enhance oesophageal pain sensitivity? An experimental investigation
Authors: Martel M.O. , Olesen A.E. , Jørgensen D. , Nielsen L.M. , Brock C. , Edwards R.R. , Drewes A.M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundGastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a major health problem that is frequently accompanied by debilitating oesophageal pain symptoms.ObjectivesThe first objective of the study was to examine the association between catastrophizing and oesophageal pain sensitivity. The second objective was to examine whether catastrophizing was associated with the magnitude of acid‐induced oesophageal sensitization.MethodsTwenty‐five healthy volunteers (median age: 24.0 years; range: 22–31) were recruited and were asked to complete the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). During two subsequent study visits, mechanical, thermal, and electrical pain sensitivity in the oesophagus was assessed before and after inducing oesophageal sensitization using a 30‐min intraluminal oesophageal acid perfusion procedure.ResultsAnalyses were conducted based on data averaged across the two study visits. At baseline, catastrophizing was significantly associated with mechanical (r = −0.42, p < 0.05) and electrical (r = −0.60, p < 0.01) pain thresholds. After acid perfusion, catastrophizing was also significantly associated with mechanical (r = −0.58, p < 0.01) and electrical (r = −0.50, p < 0.05) pain thresholds. Catastrophizing was not significantly associated with thermal pain thresholds. Subsequent analyses revealed that catastrophizing was not significantly associated with the magnitude of acid‐induced oesophageal sensitization.ConclusionTaken together, findings from the present study suggest that catastrophic thinking exerts an influence on oesophageal pain sensitivity, but not necessarily on the magnitude of acid‐induced oesophageal sensitization.What does this study add?Catastrophizing is associated with heightened pain sensitivity in the oesophagus. This was substantiated by assessing responses to noxious stimulation of the oesophagus using an experimental paradigm mimicking features and symptoms experienced by patients with gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GORD).
Effects of the noncompetitive N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor antagonists ketamine and MK‐801 on pain‐stimulated and pain‐depressed behaviour in rats
Authors: Hillhouse T.M. , Negus S.S. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundPain is a significant public health concern, and current pharmacological treatments have problematic side effects and limited effectiveness. N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor antagonists have emerged as one class of candidate treatments for pain because of the significant contribution of glutamate signalling in nociceptive processing.MethodsThis study compared effects of the NMDA receptor antagonists ketamine and MK‐801 in assays of pain‐stimulated and pain‐depressed behaviour in rats. The nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug ketoprofen was examined for comparison as a positive control. Intraperitoneal injection of dilute acid served as an acute visceral noxious stimulus to stimulate a stretching response or depress intracranial self‐stimulation (ICSS) in male Sprague–Dawley rats.ResultsKetamine (1.0–10.0 mg/kg) blocked acid‐stimulated stretching but failed to block acid‐induced depression of ICSS, whereas MK‐801 (0.01–0.1 mg/kg) blocked both acid‐stimulated stretching and acid‐induced depression of ICSS. These doses of ketamine and MK‐801 did not alter control ICSS in the absence of the noxious stimulus; however, higher doses of ketamine (10 mg/kg) and MK‐801 (0.32 mg/kg) depressed all behaviour. Ketoprofen (1.0 mg/kg) blocked both acid‐induced stimulation of stretching and depression of ICSS without altering control ICSS.ConclusionThese results support further consideration of NMDA receptor antagonists as analgesics; however, some NMDA receptor antagonists are more efficacious at attenuating pain‐depressed behaviours.What does this study addNMDA receptor antagonists produce dissociable effects on pain‐depressed behaviour.Provides evidence that pain‐depressed behaviours should be considered and evaluated when determining the antinociceptive effects of NMDA receptor antagonists.
Permittivity‐Based Microwave Absorption Characteristics of Dongsheng Lignite during Pyrolysis
Authors: Wang Qing‐dong , Wang Guang‐hua , Chen Biao , Wang Shi‐jie 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe complex relative permittivity of Chinese Dongsheng lignite coal was acquired by testing the parameters S11 and ψS11 and adopting an artificial neural network model for calculation. The curves of relative dielectric coefficient, which vary with the temperature in the pyrolytic reaction process, were used to reflect the microwave absorption characteristics of Dongsheng lignite coal. By combining and analyzing the thermogravimetric curves, it was determined that, with the increasing pyrolysis temperature, the value of the dielectric coefficient ɛ′,ɛ′′ changes for Dongsheng lignite can be separated into three distinct stages: room temperature to 400 °C, 400–700 °C, and 700–800 °C. The microwave absorption ability for lignite enhances quickly in the range of 400–700 °C and reaches a peak value at 700 °C, which has important implications for lignite pyrolysis.
Interwoven random unitary beamforming for MIMO broadcast channels
Authors: Sattarzadeh Sayed Ata , Olfat Ali 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe consider a multiple‐input multiple‐output broadcast channel where the transmitter performs unitary beamforming using the channel state information obtained through limited feedback from the receivers. A new feedback structure is proposed which considerably boosts the performance of the system compared with the conventional beamforming techniques like zero forcing beamforming or per user unitary and rate control. Because of the structure of the proposed feedback design, the new scheme is named interwoven random unitary beamforming or IRUB. In IRUB, the multiple‐input multiple‐output channel is in fact continuously decomposed into M orthogonal channels where the signal transmissions over them have timing offsets. User scheduling and beamforming in IRUB is very simple. User selection in IRUB is accomplished only based on the SINR feedbacks, and in each scheduling phase, only the scheduled users are inquired to send their channel direction information to the transmitter. Thereby, the feedback load of the system is considerably reduced. We provide an analysis for the achievable rate and its scaling law for the proposed scheme. Also, a 1‐bit feedback strategy is applied over IRUB to further reduce the total feedback load of the system. We further generalize IRUB for multi antenna receivers. The effectiveness of the IRUB method is validated through simulations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the persistence of mouse urine odour to human observers: a review
Authors: Kwak Jae , Jackson Marcus , Faranda Adam , Osada Kazumi , Tashiro Takuya , Mori Kenji , Quan Ying , Voznessenskaya Vera V. , Preti George 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTo the human nose, mice produce unique, persistent and potent odour which is widely assumed to be derived mainly from their urine. In this review, we discuss why the mouse odour is so potent and long‐lasting to the human nose. Sensory and chemical analyses have revealed that 2‐sec‐butyl‐4,5‐dihydrothiazole (SBT) was the major mousy odorant and present almost exclusively in male urine. It is not depleted from urine even after repeated headspace or solvent extractions since its majority is tightly bound to the major urinary proteins (MUPs) in male mouse urine that serve to control the release. The urinary concentration of SBT is estimated to be around several hundred parts per million when the binding of SBT to MUPs is considered, while its human olfactory threshold is estimated to be approximately at the parts per billion level. Therefore, the strikingly persistent quality of mouse urine odour, mainly contributed by SBT, is explained by its low human olfactory threshold, its presence in urine at a high concentration, and its delayed release by MUPs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does elevated peripheral benzodiazepine receptor gene expression relate to cognitive deficits in methamphetamine dependence?
Authors: Veerasakul Siriluk , Thanoi Samur , Watiktinkorn Paritat , Reynolds Gavin P. , Nudmamud‐Thanoi Sutisa 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundMethamphetamine (METH) is a neurotoxin and psychostimulant drug with potent effects on the central nervous system. With chronic METH administration, an inflammatory glial response is observed as a result of METH‐induced neurotoxicity. One inflammatory marker is the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR).ObjectiveThe purpose of the present study was to determine whether PBR expression is changed in METH dependence and whether the changes relate to cognitive deficits.MethodsReverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction was used to investigate PBR gene expression in blood samples taken from 14 male subjects with METH dependence and 14 controls.ResultsThe results showed a significant increase in PBR gene expression in METH dependence, suggestive of a systemic inflammatory response. The increase remained elevated for more than 1 year following abstinence from METH use, but eventually returned to normal. Subjects with elevated PBR also exhibited a deficit in one domain of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test.ConclusionThe results suggest that systemic inflammatory effects can be associated with chronic METH abuse, and this may relate to the cognitive deficits seen in METH dependence. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.