bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OPTIMISING ORAL HEALTH AMONG DUTCH ELITE ATHLETES FOR RIO 2016
Authors: Wolvius Eppo , Kragt Lea , Hoogenband Cees-Rein van den , Moen Maarten 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundElite athletes are at high risk for poor oral health. A screening program to monitor oral health and create dental awareness can improve oral health among elite athletes.ObjectivePrior to RIO2016, a national dental screening program was conducted in elite athletes of the Nederlands Olympisch Committee*Nederlandse Sport Federatie (NOC*NSF).DesignCross-sectional study.Settingquestionnairres via online surveys; intraoral screening at 5 dental offices througout the Netherlands by dentist trained specifically for this purpose.Participants800 Dutch athletes eligible for the Olympic and Paralympic Games in Rio de Janeiro 2016 were invited to a costless an voluntary intraoral examination.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)Questionnaires and dental screening program.Main Outcome Measurementsthe decayed, missing and filled teeth-index (DMFT), the basic erosive wear examination (BEWE) and the Dutch Periodontal Screening-score (DPSI-score) were used to evaluate athletes oral health. Information on sociodemographic variables and sport performance were collected in questionnaires, which included also questions on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQOL).ResultsIn total, 116 Dutch elite athletes were included in the study. The median (90%-range) dmft-score was 3.0 (0.0–16.0), the median BEWE-score was 2.0 (0.0–10.0) and the mean±SD DPSI-score was 2.0±0.73. Also OHRQOL was generally high, although only 28.2% of the athletes reported never having problems with their dentition or mouth. In 43% of the athletes clinical findings were reported which needed a direct referral to the general dentist.ConclusionsOral health in Dutch elite athletes seems not worse than in the general population. Still, almost half of them needed dental treatment. Regular screening of oral health incorporated into the general preventive health care of elite athletes is necessary to ensure athletes are fully healthy during competitions like the Olympic and Paralympic Games.
EFFECT OF PREVIOUS CONCUSSION ON SPORT-SPECIFIC SKILLS IN YOUTH ICE HOCKEY PLAYERS
Authors: Eliason Paul , McKay Carly , Meeuwisse Willem , Hagel Brent , Nadeau Luc , Emery Carolyn 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundHockey Canada developed the Hockey Canada Skills Test (HCST), which measures skill acquisition and development.ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of previous concussion on sport-specific skill performance in youth ice hockey players.DesignCross-sectional.SettingIce hockey arenas in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.Participants596 participants [525 males and 71 females, ages 11–17, representing elite (upper 30% by division of play) and non-elite (lower 70%) levels] recruited from minor ice hockey teams over three seasons of play (2012–2015).Assessment of Risk FactorsPlayers completed a baseline questionnaire including the number, date of occurrence, and length of recovery for any previous concussions.Main Outcome MeasurementsOn-ice skill performance was based on the HCST battery (forward agility weave, forward/backward speed skate, forward-to-backward transition agility, 6-repeat endurance skate). Multiple linear regression (adjusted for relative age, level of play, position, elite/non-elite, and musculoskeletal injury in the previous year), accounting for clustering by team, was conducted to explore the effect of history of concussion, number of previous concussions, time since most recent concussion, and severity of most recent concussion on HCST performance.ResultsA history of concussion and time since most recent concussion were not associated with any HCST component. Players reporting two or more concussions were 7.32 seconds faster (95% CI:3.59–11.05) than those with no history performing forward agility weave with puck. For every additional day to return to play post-concussion, player times were faster by: 0.11 seconds (95% CI:0.05–0.16) on forward agility weave with puck and 0.08 seconds (95% CI:0.04–0.13) without puck, 0.01 seconds (95% CI:0.01–0.02) on transition agility without puck, and 0.06 seconds (95% CI:0.03–0.1) on backward speed with puck and 0.05 seconds (95% CI:0.03–0.07) without puck.ConclusionsPlayers with and without a history of concussion have similar HCST scores. Greater time loss following concussion was associated with better performance. The mechanism for this finding requires further exploration.
HLA-DQ:gluten tetramer test in blood gives better detection of coeliac patients than biopsy after 14-day gluten challenge
Authors: Sarna Vikas K , Skodje Gry I , Reims Henrik M , Risnes Louise F , Dahal-Koirala Shiva , Sollid Ludvig M , Lundin Knut E A 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveInitiation of a gluten-free diet without proper diagnostic work-up of coeliac disease is a frequent and demanding problem. Recent diagnostic guidelines suggest a gluten challenge of at least 14 days followed by duodenal biopsy in such patients. The rate of false-negative outcome of this approach remains unclear. We studied responses to 14-day gluten challenge in subjects with treated coeliac disease.DesignWe challenged 20 subjects with biopsy-verified coeliac disease, all in confirmed mucosal remission, for 14 days with 5.7 grams per oral gluten daily. Duodenal biopsies were collected. Blood was analysed by multiplex assay for cytokine detection, and by flow cytometry using HLA-DQ:gluten tetramers.ResultsNineteen participants completed the challenge. Villous blunting appeared at end of challenge in 5 of 19 subjects. Villous height to crypt depth ratio reduced with at least 0.4 concomitantly with an increase in intraepithelial lymphocyte count of at least 50% in 9 of 19 subjects. Interleukin-8 plasma concentration increased by more than 100% after 4 hours in 7 of 19 subjects. Frequency of blood CD4+effector-memory gut-homing HLA-DQ:gluten tetramer-binding T cells increased by more than 100% on day 6 in 12 of 15 evaluated participants.ConclusionA 14-day gluten challenge was not enough to establish significant mucosal architectural changes in majority of patients with coeliac disease (sensitivity ≈25%–50%). Increase in CD4+effector-memory gut-homing HLA-DQ:gluten tetramer-binding T cells in blood 6 days after gluten challenge is a more sensitive and less invasive biomarker that should be validated in a larger study.Trial registration numberNCT02464150
Determinants of occupational injury for US home health aides reporting one or more work-related injuries
Authors: Hamadi Hanadi , Probst Janice C , Khan Mahmud M , Bellinger Jessica , Porter Candace 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesHome health aides (HHAs) work in a high-risk industry and experience high rates of work-related injury that have been significantly associated with reduction in workers and organisational productivity, quality and performance. The main objective of the study was to examine how worker environment and ergonomic factors affect HHA risk for reporting occupational injuries.MethodWe used cross-sectional analysis of data from the 2007 National Home Health and Hospice Aide Survey (NHHAS). The study sample consisted of a nationally represented sample of home health aides (n=3.377) with a 76.6% response rate. We used two scales1: a Work Environment Scale and2an Ergonomic Scale. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted to describe HHA work-related injury across individual, job and organisational factors. To measure scale reliability, Cronbach’s alphas were calculated. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine predictors of reported occupational injury.ResultsIn terms of Work Environment Scale, the injury risk was decreased in HHAs who did not consistently care for the same patients (OR=0.96, 95% CI: 0.53 to 1.73). In terms of Ergonomic Scale, the injury risk was decreased only in HHAs who reported not needing any other devices for job safety (OR=0.30, 95% (CI): 0.15 to 0.61). No other Work Environment or Ergonomic Scale factors were associated with HHAs’ risk of injury.ConclusionThis study has great implications on a subcategory of the workforce that has a limited amount of published work and studies, as of today, as well as an anticipated large demand for them.
Lung cancer in lung transplantation: incidence and outcome
Authors: Pérez-Callejo David , Torrente María , Parejo Consuelo , Laporta Rosalia , Ussetti Piedad , Provencio Mariano 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIntroductionMalignancies are one of the causes of mortality after lung transplantation. However, little is known about lung cancer outcome after lung transplantation.MethodsWe performed a retrospective search of the lung transplantation database at our institution to identify patients diagnosed with lung cancer after lung transplantation.ResultsOut of 633 lung transplant patients, lung cancer was detected in 23 of them (3.63%). The most common causes for transplantation were idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (47.8%) and emphysema (43.4%). A total of 18 patients were diagnosed during follow-up, 12 cases in the native lung (52.2%) and 6 cases in the donor lung (26.1%). The diagnosis was evidenced in the explanted lung in five patients (21.7%). The median of time from transplantation to cancer diagnosis was 39.7 months (24.356.6). Lung cancer was the cause of death in 16 patients. Survival rate at1year from diagnosis of lung cancer was 45.64% (95% CI 0.2431 to 0.6473).ConclusionsLung transplant recipients constitute a high-risk group for developing lung cancer. Among our patients, lung cancer was predominantly diagnosed in the native lung and at an advanced stage. The primary tumour was the main cause of death in most of these patients.
Places and people: the perceptions of men who have sex with men concerning STI testing: a qualitative study
Authors: Datta Jessica , Reid David , Hughes Gwenda , Mercer Catherine H , Wayal Sonali , Weatherburn Peter 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesTo explore the experiences and views of men who have sex with men (MSM) on attending clinical sexual health services and their preferences regarding service characteristics in the context of the disproportionate burden of STIs experienced by this group. The wider study aim was to develop a risk assessment tool for use in sexual health clinics.MethodsQualitative study comprising eight focus group discussions with 61 MSM in four English cities. Topics included: experience of attending sexual health services, perceptions of norms of attendance among MSM, knowledge of, and attitudes towards, STIs and views on ‘being researched.’ Discussions were audio-recorded and transcribed and a thematic data analysis conducted.ResultsAttending sexual health services for STI testing was described as embarrassing by some and some clinic procedures were thought to compromise confidentiality. Young men seeking STI testing were particularly sensitive to feelings of awkwardness and self-consciousness. Black and ethnic minority men were concerned about being exposed in their communities. The personal qualities of staff were seen as key features of sexual health services. Participants wanted staff to be friendly, professional, discreet, knowledgeable and non-judgemental.ConclusionsA range of opinion on the type of STI service men preferred was expressed with some favouring generic sexual and reproductive health clinics and others favouring specialist community-based services. There was consensus on the qualities they would like to see in healthcare staff. The knowledge, conduct and demeanour of staff could exacerbate or ameliorate unease associated with attending for STI testing.
Tobacco policy reform and population-wide antismoking activities in Australia: the impact on smoking during pregnancy
Authors: Havard Alys , Tran Duong T , Kemp-Casey Anna , Einarsdóttir Kristjana , Preen David B , Jorm Louisa R 
Published: August 2017

IntroductionThis study examined the impact of antismoking activities targeting the general population and an advertising campaign targeting smoking during pregnancy on the prevalence of smoking during pregnancy in New South Wales (NSW), Australia.MethodsMonthly prevalence of smoking during pregnancy was calculated using linked health records for all pregnancies resulting in a birth (800 619) in NSW from 2003 to 2011. Segmented regression of interrupted time series data assessed the effects of the extension of the ban on smoking in enclosed public places to include licensed premises (evaluated in combination with the mandating of graphic warnings on cigarette packs), television advertisements targeting smoking in the general population, print and online magazine advertisements targeting smoking during pregnancy and increased tobacco tax. Analyses were conducted for all pregnancies, and for the population stratified by maternal age, parity and socioeconomic status. Further analyses adjusted for the effect of the Baby Bonus maternity payment.ResultsPrevalence of smoking during pregnancy decreased from 2003 to 2011 overall (0.39% per month), and for all strata examined. For pregnancies overall, none of the evaluated initiatives was associated with a change in the trend of smoking during pregnancy. Significant changes associated with increased tobacco tax and the extension of the smoking ban (in combination with graphic warnings) were found in some strata.ConclusionsThe declining prevalence of smoking during pregnancy between 2003 and 2011, while encouraging, does not appear to be directly related to general population antismoking activities or a pregnancy-specific campaign undertaken in this period.
Primed polymorphonuclear leukocytes from hemodialysis patients enhance monocyte transendothelial migration
Authors: Kliger Eynav , Kristal Batya , Shapiro Galina , Chezar Judith , Sela Shifra 
Published: August 2017

Increased counts and priming of peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) are associated with future or ongoing atherosclerosis; however, the role of PMNLs in enhancing monocyte transendothelial migration is still unclear. Our aims were to examine endothelial and monocyte activation, transmigration, and posttransmigration activation induced ex vivo by in vivo primed PMNLs and the effect of antioxidants on the activation. A unique ex vivo coculture system of three cell types was developed in this study, enabling interactions among the following: primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), monocytes (THP-1 cell line), and in vivo primed PMNLs from hemodialysis (HD) patients and healthy control (HC) subjects. The interactions among these cells were examined, and an intervention with superoxide dismutase and catalase was performed. Preexposed HUVECs to HD/HC PMNLs showed a significant monocyte transmigration yield, 120–170% above HCs. Monocyte exposure to HD PMNLs induced pre- and posttransmigration activation. When the three cell types were cocultivated at the same time, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 protein levels released from HUVECs, and activation markers on HUVECs [CD54 and chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1] and monocytes [chemokine (C-X3-C) receptor 1 and chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2] were increased. Monocyte transmigration yield decreased to 70% (compared with HC subjects) due to adherence and accumulation of monocytes to HUVECs. When superoxide dismutase and catalase were used, reduced HUVEC and monocyte activation markers brought the transmigration yields to control levels and abolished accumulation of monocytes, emphasizing the role of superoxide in this process. We conclude that peripheral primed PMNLs play a pivotal role in enhancing monocyte transendotelial migration, the hallmark of the atherosclerotic process. Primed PMNLs can be used as a mediator and a biomarker of atherosclerosis even before plaque formation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Primed polymorphonuclear leukocytes are key mediators in monocyte transendothelial migration, a new understanding of the initiation of endothelial dysfunction and monocyte activation, transmigration, and accumulation in the subendothelial layer.
Heparan Sulfate Glycosaminoglycans in Glioblastoma Promote Tumor Invasion
Authors: Tran Vy M. , Wade Anna , McKinney Andrew , Chen Katharine , Lindberg Olle R. , Engler Jane R. , Persson Anders I. , Phillips Joanna J. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor of adults and confers a poor prognosis due, in part, to diffuse invasion of tumor cells. Heparan sulfate (HS) glycosaminoglycans, present on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix, regulate cell signaling pathways and cell–microenvironment interactions. In GBM, the expression of HS glycosaminoglycans and the enzymes that regulate their function are altered, but the actual HS content and structure are unknown. However, inhibition of HS glycosaminoglycan function is emerging as a promising therapeutic strategy for some cancers. In this study, we use liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis to demonstrate differences in HS disaccharide content and structure across four patient-derived tumorsphere lines (GBM1, 5, 6, 43) and between two murine tumorsphere lines derived from murine GBM with enrichment of mesenchymal and proneural gene expression (mMES and mPN, respectively) markers. In GBM, the heterogeneous HS content and structure across patient-derived tumorsphere lines suggested diverse functions in the GBM tumor microenvironment. In GBM5 and mPN, elevated expression of sulfatase 2 (SULF2), an extracellular enzyme that alters ligand binding to HS, was associated with low trisulfated HS disaccharides, a substrate of SULF2. In contrast, other primary tumorsphere lines had elevated expression of the HS-modifying enzyme heparanase (HPSE). Using gene editing strategies to inhibit HPSE, a role for HPSE in promoting tumor cell adhesion and invasion was identified. These studies characterize the heterogeneity in HS glycosaminoglycan content and structure across GBM and reveal their role in tumor cell invasion.
Implications: HS-interacting factors promote GBM invasion and are potential therapeutic targets. Mol Cancer Res; 15(11); 1623–33. ©2017 AACR.
Disturbed Flow Promotes Arterial Stiffening Through Thrombospondin-1
Authors: Kim Chan Woo , Pokutta-Paskaleva Anastassia , Kumar Sandeep , Timmins Lucas H. , Morris Andrew D. , Kang Dong-Won , Dalal Sidd , Chadid Tatiana , Kuo Katie M. , Raykin Julia , Li Haiyan , Yanagisawa Hiromi , Gleason Rudolph L. , Jo Hanjoong , Brewster Luke P. 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Arterial stiffness and wall shear stress are powerful determinants of cardiovascular health, and arterial stiffness is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. Low and oscillatory wall shear stress, termed disturbed flow (d-flow), promotes atherosclerotic arterial remodeling, but the relationship between d-flow and arterial stiffness is not well understood. The objective of this study was to define the role of d-flow on arterial stiffening and discover the relevant signaling pathways by which d-flow stiffens arteries.

Methods:
D-flow was induced in the carotid arteries of young and old mice of both sexes. Arterial stiffness was quantified ex vivo with cylindrical biaxial mechanical testing and in vivo from duplex ultrasound and compared with unmanipulated carotid arteries from 80-week-old mice. Gene expression and pathway analysis was performed on endothelial cell–enriched RNA and validated by immunohistochemistry. In vitro testing of signaling pathways was performed under oscillatory and laminar wall shear stress conditions. Human arteries from regions of d-flow and stable flow were tested ex vivo to validate critical results from the animal model.

Results:
D-flow induced arterial stiffening through collagen deposition after partial carotid ligation, and the degree of stiffening was similar to that of unmanipulated carotid arteries from 80-week-old mice. Intimal gene pathway analyses identified transforming growth factor-β pathways as having a prominent role in this stiffened arterial response, but this was attributable to thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) stimulation of profibrotic genes and not changes to transforming growth factor-β. In vitro and in vivo testing under d-flow conditions identified a possible role for TSP-1 activation of transforming growth factor-β in the upregulation of these genes. TSP-1 knockout animals had significantly less arterial stiffening in response to d-flow than wild-type carotid arteries. Human arteries exposed to d-flow had similar increases TSP-1 and collagen gene expression as seen in our model.

Conclusions:
TSP-1 has a critical role in shear-mediated arterial stiffening that is mediated in part through TSP-1’s activation of the profibrotic signaling pathways of transforming growth factor-β. Molecular targets in this pathway may lead to novel therapies to limit arterial stiffening and the progression of disease in arteries exposed to d-flow.
Histone Methyltransferase G9a Is Required for Cardiomyocyte Homeostasis and Hypertrophy
Authors: Papait Roberto , Serio Simone , Pagiatakis Christina , Rusconi Francesca , Carullo Pierluigi , Mazzola Marta , Salvarani Nicolò , Miragoli Michele , Condorelli Gianluigi 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Correct gene expression programming of the cardiomyocyte underlies the normal functioning of the heart. Alterations to this can lead to the loss of cardiac homeostasis, triggering heart dysfunction. Although the role of some histone methyltransferases in establishing the transcriptional program of postnatal cardiomyocytes during heart development has been shown, the function of this class of epigenetic enzymes is largely unexplored in the adult heart. In this study, we investigated the role of G9a/Ehmt2, a histone methyltransferase that defines a repressive epigenetic signature, in defining the transcriptional program for cardiomyocyte homeostasis and cardiac hypertrophy.

Methods:
We investigated the function of G9a in normal and stressed cardiomyocytes with the use of a conditional, cardiac-specific G9a knockout mouse, a specific G9a inhibitor, and high-throughput approaches for the study of the epigenome (chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing) and transcriptome (RNA sequencing); traditional methods were used to assess cardiac function and cardiovascular disease.

Results:
We found that G9a is required for cardiomyocyte homeostasis in the adult heart by mediating the repression of key genes regulating cardiomyocyte function via dimethylation of H3 lysine 9 and interaction with enhancer of zeste homolog 2, the catalytic subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2, and MEF2C-dependent gene expression by forming a complex with this transcription factor. The G9a-MEF2C complex was found to be required also for the maintenance of heterochromatin needed for the silencing of developmental genes in the adult heart. Moreover, G9a promoted cardiac hypertrophy by repressing antihypertrophic genes.

Conclusions:
Taken together, our findings demonstrate that G9a orchestrates critical epigenetic changes in cardiomyocytes in physiological and pathological conditions, thereby providing novel therapeutic avenues for cardiac pathologies associated with dysregulation of these mechanisms.