bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time Course of Starch Biosynthesis Enzymes Activity and Root Tuber Starch of Four Cassava Cultivars
Authors: Huang Huifang , Luo Yanchun , Huang Qiang , Tian Yinong , Li Huimin , Hou Xuewen 
Published: February 2017

To understand the accumulation rule of cassava root tuber starch, the amylose, amylopectin and total starch content of fresh root tuber, the enzyme activities of sucrose synthase (SuS, EC 2.4.1.13) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS, EC 2.4.1.14) of leaves, the enzyme activities of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase, EC 2.7.7.27), soluble starch synthase (SSS, EC 2.4.1.21) and starch branching enzyme (SBE, EC. 2.4.1.18) of tubers were assessed by using cultivars SC201, SC205, GR891 and GR911 leaves and root tubers during their growth period, respectively. The results as follows: the enzyme activity of leaf SPS and the synthesis direction of SuS showed the highest at August, 2010, however the enzyme activity of the decomposing direction of SuS formed parabolic curve; the enzyme activity of tuber AGPase showed an increased then decreased single peak curve, the enzyme activity of tuber SSS oscillating decreased, while the enzyme activity of SBE was relatively stable; the amylose, amylopectin and total starch contents of fresh cassava tuber were all gradually increased along with the growth period. This research would enrich our knowledge of the time course of amylose, amylopectin and total starch contents of fresh cassava tuber, and above related enzyme activities.
Predicting prosodic structure by morphosyntactic category: A case study of Blackfoot
Authors: Windsor Joseph W. 
Published: February 2017

This study examines phonetic correlates to three prosodic categories in Blackfoot: the syllable (σ), the prosodic word (ω), and the phonological phrase (φ). I provide evidence that the Blackfoot σ is recognizable by an obligatory process of vowel coalescence and the φ is recognizable by an obligatory process of right edge aspiration. The ω can be distinguished from these other two prosodic constituents by an optional phonetic process which mimics intersyllabic vowel coalescence, but does not apply obligatorily.The prosodic categories investigated in this study are then correlated to three morphosyntactic categories: morphological agreement suffixes, lexical morphemes (adjectives and nouns), and demonstratives. This correlation is used to argue that morphological and syntactic processes function differently at the interface with phonology (cf. Russell 1999), ultimately raising questions with “word-internal syntax” analyses of Blackfoot suffixation which are derived through cyclic head movement (Bliss 2013; Wiltschko 2014) using the Mirror Principle (Baker 1985).This article is part of the Special Collection: Prosody and costituent structure
Determining the Residual Characteristics of Alkylphenols, Arsenic, and Lead as well as Assessing the Exposures of 1,4-Dioxane from Household Food Detergents
Authors: Lin Wan-Ting , Chen Wun-Ling , Cheng Wei-Chih , Chang Hui-Chuan , Tsai Shih-Wei 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Food detergents are commonly used in households. The main components of detergents include surfactants and water. It has been found that certain compounds, which may cause health concerns, appear in food detergents, such as alkylphenols, arsenic, and lead. After applying food detergents is when people may be exposed to various levels of these chemicals when there are residues. In this study, the Taguchi experimental design was performed to determine the possible factors that might affect the residual characteristics of food detergent on dishware, fruits, and vegetables. The results showed that the variety of detergent was found to be the most significant factor affecting the residue amounts of arsenic (62.9%) and lead (71.6%) on fruits and vegetables, whereas the concentration of detergent used affected the amount of lead residue only (10.5%). On the other hand, dishware material, the concentration of analytes, immersion time, and type of surfactant contributed to arsenic residues on dishware, whereas technical nonylphenol isomer residues on dishware increased as the concentration of spiked analyte increased. In addition, the occurrence of 1,4-dioxane, a possible human carcinogen, in household food detergents in Taiwan was also determined in this research by solid-phase microextraction and GC-MS. Among the 80 detergent samples, 71 contained different concentrations ranges of 1,4-dioxane, from 0.03 to ~3.73 µg/g. In the exposure assessment, it was estimated that the maximum amounts of 1,4-dioxane in contact with the skin from the use of household food detergent in Taiwan was 0.015 µg/kg/day.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Pyrazole‐Directed sp3 C−H Bond Arylation for the Synthesis of β‐Phenethylamines
Authors: Gulia Nurbey , Daugulis Olafs 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe have developed a method for palladium‐catalyzed, pyrazole‐directed sp3 C−H bond arylation by aryl iodides. The reaction employs a Pd(OAc)2 catalyst at 5–10 mol % loading and silver(I) oxide as a halide‐removal agent, and it proceeds in acetic acid or acetic acid/hexafluoroisopropanol solvent. Ozonolysis of the pyrazole moiety affords pharmaceutically important β‐phenethylamines.
Modulation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and apoptosis by the isoflavone genistein in Mdx mice
Authors: Messina Sonia , Bitto Alessandra , Vita Gian Luca , Aguennouz M'hammed , Irrera Natasha , Licata Norma , Sframeli Maria , Bruschetta Daniele , Minutoli Letteria , Altavilla Domenica , Vita Giuseppe , Squadrito Francesco 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDystrophin lack in DMD causes neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) membrane delocalization which in turn promotes functional muscle ischemia, and exacerbates muscle injury. Apoptosis and the exhaustion of muscle regenerative capacity are implicated in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) pathogenesis and therefore are relevant therapeutic targets. Genistein has been reported to have pro‐proliferative effects, promoting G1/S cell phase transition through the induction of cyclin D1, and anti‐apoptotic properties. We previously showed that genistein could reduce muscle necrosis and enhance regeneration with an augmented number of myogenin‐positive satellite cells and myonuclei, ameliorating muscle function in mdx mice. In this study we evaluated the underlying mechanisms of genistein effect on muscle specimens of mdx and wild type mice treated for five weeks with genistein (2 mg/kg/i.p. daily) or vehicle. Western blot analysis show that genistein increased cyclin D1 and nNOS expression; and showed an antiapoptotic effect, modulating the expression of BAX and Bcl‐2. Our results suggest that this isoflavone might enhance the regenerative spurt in mdx mice muscle restoring nNOS, promoting G1/S phase transition in muscle cell, and inhibiting apoptosis. Further studies with longer time treatment or using different experimental approaches are needed to better investigate the underlying mechanisms of such results. © 2015 BioFactors, 41(5):324–329, 2015
Dissipation kinetics and pre‐harvest residue limit of pyriofenone in oriental melon (Cucumis melo Var. makuwa) grown under regulated climatic conditions
Authors: Chung Hyung Suk , Kabir Md. Humayun , Abd El‐Aty A.M. , Lee Han Sol , Rahman Md. Musfiqur , Chang Byung‐Joon , Shin Ho‐Chul , Shim Jae‐Han 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA high‐performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet detection was used to estimate the disappearance rates as well as the pre‐harvest residue limits of pyriofenone in oriental melon (Cucumis melo var. makuwa) grown under greenhouse conditions in two different locations (A and B) in Seongju, Republic of Korea. The identity of the compound in standard solution and representative field incurred samples was confirmed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The method was validated in terms of linearity, limits of detection and quantification, accuracy (expressed as recovery) and precision (expressed as relative standard deviation) for accurate and precise quantitation. Notably, the residual levels of field incurred samples collected over days 0–10 post‐application were below the maximum residue level (0.2 mg/kg) established by the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Site A showed lower residue levels and a higher decline rate than site B, which might be attributed to seasonal variation (high temperature) and increased metabolic and enzyme profiling in the mature fruits. The half‐lives were similar, 4.9 and 4.3 days, at sites A and B, respectively. Using the pre‐harvest residue limit, we predicted the residue amounts at 10 and 5 days before harvest, which resulted in concentrations lower than the provisional maximum residue level at harvest time.
Prognostic role of β‐blocker selectivity and dosage regimens in heart failure patients. Insights from the MECKI score database
Authors: Paolillo Stefania , Mapelli Massimo , Bonomi Alice , Corrà Ugo , Piepoli Massimo , Veglia Fabrizio , Salvioni Elisabetta , Gentile Piero , Lagioia Rocco , Metra Marco , Limongelli Giuseppe , Sinagra Gianfranco , Cattadori Gaia , Scardovi Angela B. , Carubelli Valentina , Scrutino Domenico , Badagliacca Roberto , Raimondo Rosa , Emdin Michele , Magrì Damiano , Correale Michele , Parati Gianfranco , Caravita Sergio , Spadafora Emanuele , Re Federica , Cicoira Mariantonietta , Frigerio Maria , Bussotti Maurizio , Minà Chiara , Oliva Fabrizio , Battaia Elisa , Belardinelli Romualdo , Mezzani Alessandro , Pastormerlo Luigi , Di Lenarda Andrea , Passino Claudio , Sciomer Susanna , Iorio Annamaria , Zambon Elena , Guazzi Marco , Pacileo Giuseppe , Ricci Roberto , Contini Mauro , Apostolo Anna , Palermo Pietro , Clemenza Francesco , Marchese Giovanni , Binno Simone , Lombardi Carlo , Passantino Andrea , Perrone Filardi Pasquale , Agostoni Piergiuseppe 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimsThe use of β‐blockers represents a milestone in the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Few studies have compared β‐blockers in HFrEF, and there is little data on the effects of different doses. The present study aimed to investigate in a large database of HFrEF patients (MECKI score database) the association of β‐blocker treatment with a composite outcome of cardiovascular death, urgent heart transplantation or left ventricular assist device implantation, addressing the role of β‐selectivity and dosage regimens.Methods and resultsIn 5242 HFrEF patients, we investigated the role of: (i) β‐blocker treatment vs. non‐β‐blocker treatment, (ii) β1‐/β2‐receptor‐blockers vs. β1‐selective blockers, and (iii) daily β‐blocker dose. Patients were followed for 3.58 years, and 1101 events (18.3%) were observed; 4435 patients (86.8%) were on β‐blockers, while 807 (13.2%) were not. At 5 years, β‐blocker‐patients showed a better outcome than non‐β‐blocker‐subjects [hazard ratio (HR) 0.48, P < 0.0001], while also considering potential confounders. A comparable prognosis was observed at 5 years in the β1‐/β2‐receptor‐blocker (n = 2219) vs. β1‐selective group (n = 2216) (HR 0.95, P = ns). A better prognosis was observed in high‐dose (>2 5 mg carvedilol equivalent daily dose, n = 1005) patients than in both medium dose (12.5–25 mg, n = 1431) and low dose (<12.5 mg, n = 1960) (HR 1.97, P < 0.001; HR 1.95, P = 0.001, respectively), with no differences between the last two groups (HR 0.84, P = ns).ConclusionIn a large population of chronic HFrEF patients, β‐blockers were associated with a more favourable prognosis without any difference between β1‐ and β2‐receptor‐blockers vs. β1‐selective blockers. A better outcome was observed in subjects receiving a high daily dose.
The causal effect of retirement on mortality: Evidence from targeted incentives to retire early
Authors: Bloemen Hans , Hochguertel Stefan , Zweerink Jochem 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis paper estimates the impact of early retirement on mortality using Dutch administrative micro panel data. An unexpected temporary decrease in the eligibility age for retirement benefits for civil servants is used to instrument the retirement choice. We find that induced early retirement decreased the probability that a man dies within 5 years by 2.6 percentage points. The result is robust to alternative specifications and data selection criteria.
Dimethylated sulfur compounds in symbiotic protists: A potentially significant source for marine DMS(P)
Authors: Gutierrez‐Rodriguez Andres , Pillet Loic , Biard Tristan , Said‐Ahmad Ward , Amrani Alon , Simó Rafel , Not Fabrice 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSymbiosis with micro‐algae (photosymbiosis) is a common feature among marine planktonic protists, but very little is known about the physiology and ecological significance of these associations. High concentrations of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), a metabolite produced by marine microalgae, are commonly observed in coral‐microalgae symbiosis, where DMS(P) is involved in multiple physiological functions. Knowledge on concentration and role of DMSP in analogous photosymbiosis in plankton is lacking. Here, we assess the total DMSP (DMSPt = DMSP + DMS) concentration and natural stable isotopes of sulfur across ecologically relevant symbiotic plankton groups, the Radiolaria and Foraminifera. We found that intracellular DMSPt concentrations in microalgal symbionts were among the highest recorded (range = 170–702 mmol L−1), while lower concentrations (range = 0.1–23 mmol L−1) were characteristic of the holobiont (i.e., host‐microalgae). The contribution of symbiotic Radiolaria to the water column particulate DMSPt concentration ranged 0.1–8%. Sulfur isotopic composition (34S) of DMSPt in the Collodaria holobionts was significantly higher than their symbiotic microalgae isolated in culture. Despite their high intracellular DMSPt content,
uptake in these holobionts throughout 3‐d incubations was not detected. We observed a systematic 34S depletion (∼ 1.5‰) of DMS relative to DMSP in experimental incubations containing filtered seawater, which we hypothesize is related to the bacterial preference for the uptake of 34S‐depleted DMS. Overall, the results indicate that plankton symbiosis can, at times, represent a potentially important source of DMS(P). Specific differences in 34S provided new insights into sulfur isotopic fractionation associated with DMS(P) biotransformation processes, with potential implications for current interpretations of isotopically tracked biogenic sources of marine aerosols.
Regulation of Scaffold Cell Adhesion Using Artificial Membrane Binding Proteins
Authors: Burke Madeline , Armstrong James P. K. , Goodwin Andrew , Deller Robert C. , Carter Benjamin M. , Harniman Robert L. , Ginwalla Aasiya , Ting Valeska P. , Davis Sean A. , Perriman Adam W. 
Published: February 2017

The rapid pace of development in biotechnology has placed great importance on controlling cell–material interactions. In practice, this involves attempting to decouple the contributions from adhesion molecules, cell membrane receptors, and scaffold surface chemistry and morphology, which is extremely challenging. Accordingly, a strategy is presented in which different chemical, biochemical, and morphological properties of 3D biomaterials are systematically varied to produce novel scaffolds with tuneable cell affinities. Specifically, cationized and surfactant‐conjugated proteins, recently shown to have non‐native membrane affinity, are covalently attached to 3D scaffolds of collagen or carboxymethyl‐dextran, yielding surface‐functionalized 3D architectures with predictable cell immobilization profiles. The artificial membrane‐binding proteins enhance cellular adhesion of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) via electrostatic and hydrophobic binding mechanisms. Furthermore, functionalizing the 3D scaffolds with cationized or surfactant‐conjugated myoglobin prevents a slowdown in proliferation of seeded hMSCs cultured for seven days under hypoxic conditions.
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Restoration Versus Invasive Species: Bigheaded Carps' Use of A Rehabilitated Backwater
Authors: Coulter A. A. , Schultz D. , Tristano E. , Brey M. K. , Garvey J. E. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractKnowledge of how invasive species use invaded habitats can aid in developing management practices to exclude them. Swan Lake, a 1100‐ha Illinois River (USA) backwater, was rehabilitated to restore ecosystem functions, but may provide valuable habitat for invasive bigheaded carps [bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) and silver carp (H. molitrix)]. Use (residency and passages) of Swan Lake by invasive bigheaded carps was monitored using acoustic telemetry (n = 50 individuals/species) to evaluate the use of a large, restored habitat from 2004 to 2005. Passages (entrances/exits) by bigheaded carps were highest in winter, and residency was highest in the summer. Bighead carp backwater use was associated with the differences in temperature between the main channel and backwater, and passages primarily occurred between 18:00 h and midnight. Silver carp backwater use was positively correlated with water level and main channel discharge, and fewer passages occurred between 12:00 h and 18:00 h than during any other time of day. Harvest occurring during summer or high main channel discharge could reduce backwater abundances while maintenance of low water levels could reduce overall backwater use. Conclusions from this study regarding the timing of bigheaded carps' use of backwater habitats are critical to integrated pest management plans to control invasive species. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Urban Sprawl on Riparian Vegetation: Is Compact or Dispersed Urbanization Better for Biodiversity?
Authors: Guida‐Johnson B. , Faggi A. M. , Zuleta G. A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCompact urbanization is the main strategy for sustainable urban development. However, it is yet unclear whether compact urban forms are ecologically more favourable than dispersed ones. In this paper, we studied the effects of urban sprawl on the riparian vegetation condition in one of the most degraded watersheds in the Buenos Aires metropolitan area, Argentina. We conducted random sampling of the riparian vegetation at sites along streams in the basin and assessed urban indicators at the reach and sub‐watershed scales for each of those sites in a geographic information system: urban area, impervious surface, population density and two landscape metrics of dispersion. The indicators assessed explained a high proportion of the variability of the vegetation response variables, thereby confirming the importance of urban sprawl pressure in shaping riparian communities in fluvial ecosystems. Dispersed urbanization had more positive than negative effects on the vegetation in the study area. Riverbanks associated with dispersed urbanization had more plant species, including exotics, when urban sprawl was assessed at the local scale. At the sub‐watershed scale, dispersed urbanized areas were richer in native plants and most of the functional groups, and poorer in exotic species. The model of the compact city, including bio‐corridors along watercourses, has been proposed for the Buenos Aires conurbation process for the next decades. Our results showed that the quality of existing river corridors across the compact matrix was not desirable and best practices for redesigning a more sustainable landscape structure are necessary, including the restoration of habitats for wetland species. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Component N400 Can Be Demonstrated In The Event-related Potential From a Simple Auditory Reaction Time Paradigm
Authors: Kukleta Miloslav , Lamarche Michel , Louvel Jacques 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to propose and test an experimental design enabling to synchronize simultaneously both signal-and movement-related processes in a simple sensorimotor task. Seventeen healthy volunteers were asked to flex their right wrist after the presentation of an auditory signal (tone burst of 1kHz, 200 ms duration; intersignal interval between 7–9 s). In total, 2179 collected records were divided according to the same length of the signal-movement interval into 38 time groups and the average curve for each time group was calculated. The event-related potential from all these time groups exhibited two prominent negative waves over the frontocentral region. The first one, with a mean peak latency of 110 ms, exhibited characteristics of the N1 component of cortical auditory evoked potential. Analysis of data concerning the second negative wave pointed to its dependence on both sensory and motor underlying processes. The increasing slope of the wave represented its sensory part. It started in all the time groups approximately at the same time points and was not influenced by variations of S-R interval. An estimate of its peak latency was approximately 400 ms. In time groups with S-R intervals shorter than 300 ms this N400 component was located on the time axis after the movement, i.e. when the instructed task had already been accomplished. The next portion of the second negative wave, i.e. the slow increase of amplitude to its peak value and the following decrease of the wave, exhibited a clear-cut dependence on movement.
Consciousness and Adaptive Behavior
Authors: Sieb Richard 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The main problem in explaining consciousness is accounting for its subjectivity from an internal perspective. In addition, subjective systems have adaptive ability to respond to change and self-organize their own behavior. In this context, the nonlinear emergence of internal explicit states might be studied in natural systems to gain insight into the physical principles involved in the production of consciousness. Since intelligence is the ability to consciously create voluntary new or novel intentional action, standardized tests might provide an index of intelligence, as well as the degree of consciousness present, i.e. IQ might also be a measure of degree of consciousness.
XLIV: An attempted escape from Dublin castle: the trial of William and Walter de Bermingham, 1332
Authors: Connolly Philomena 
Published: February 2017

On 11 July 1332 William de Bermingham, brother of the earl of Louth, was hanged at Dublin by order of the justiciar, Anthony de Lucy. This event is recorded by Clyn, by the author of the Annals of Ross and by the Dublin annalist, all of whom praise Bermingham for his military excellence but do not give any explanation for the execution. All the chroniclers mention Bermingham’s arrest earlier in the year, but the connexion between the two events is never stated.In February and March 1332 William had been indicted by juries at Clonmel and Limerick of involvement in two alleged conspiracies, one in 1326 and the other in 1331, both of which had as their supposed object the establishment of the earl of Desmond as king of Ireland. The surviving indictments do not mention William’s son Walter, but he is later described as also having been indicted of felony. Both William and Walter were arrested by the justiciar at Clonmel in February 1332, held locally until Lucy had concluded his business in Munster, and then transferred on 19 April to Dublin castle, where two of the other named conspirators, Desmond himself and Henry de Mandeville, had been imprisoned since the previous year. Yet another conspirator, Walter de Burgh, was in the custody of his cousin, the earl of Ulster, in Northburgh castle.