bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Encapsulation of fatty acids in ruminant nutrition for improved meat and milk quality: A review
Authors: Besharati Maghsoud , Palangi Valiollah , Azhir Deniz , Lackner Maximilian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In recent years, the methods of producing protected fat supplements for feed have greatly developed. As a means of preserving unsaturated fats from oxidation, encapsulation has been used by food industry researchers to reduce unpleasant odor and taste, and as an effective method of protecting unsaturated fats. The process of encapsulating involves covering or trapping the target substance(s) in another substance or system. Similarly, vitamins and micronutrient compounds in food do not remain stable for long and are subject to decomposition, which depends on chemical structure, food matrix characteristics, handling parameters, and storage conditions. Consequently, encapsulation can prevent these compounds from being destroyed until they are transferred to the right location or slow down decomposition processes (such as oxidation or hydrolysis). That concept can be expanded to lipids (oils and fats). Currently, emulsion spray drying is the most common method of fine oil microcoating. The mass formation method produces more stable microcoatings with higher oil content than spray drying, as recently discovered. Biodegradable polymers have gained much attention as encapsulation materials. Microencapsulated lipids can increase the meat and milk quality of ruminants.
Select Probiotics Exhibit Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Properties for Gut Modulation: In Vitro Analysis
Authors: Boyajian J.L. , Abosalha A. , Islam P. , Kassab A. , Santos M. , Shum-Tim C. , Renesteen E. , Makhlouf S. , Chen J. , Prakash S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The gut microbiota harbors a complex ecosystem of bacteria that govern host health homeostasis. Alterations to the intestinal environment, known as gut dysbiosis, is associated with several diseases. Targeting the gut with microbiome-engineered therapeutics, such as probiotics, is a promising approach to restore microbial homeostasis and host health. Probiotics can effectively improve the gut environment, although strain-specific mechanisms remain largely unknown. Thus, this study aims to identify beneficial action of select probiotics to modulate the gut environment through antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. To this end, we tested the interaction among three probiotic strains – Lactobacillus gasseri A237 (LgA237), Lactobacillus plan-tarum WCFS1 (LpWCFS1) and Lactobacillus fermentum NCIMB 5221 (Lf5221) – and a human intestinal epithelial cell line, HT-29, for adhesion properties, radical scavenging abilities and anti-inflammatory activities. All three probiotics adhere well to HT-29 cells, indicating proper gut colonization. LpWCFS1 demonstrated the greatest adhesion capacity (68.3%), followed by LgA237 (35.5%) and Lf5221 (25.9%). The probiotics also exhibit excellent antioxidant properties via DPPH radical scavenging activity, comparable to quercetin, a known and potent antioxidant. Moreover, LgA237, LpWCFS1 and Lf5221 decrease interleukin-8 expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-damaged HT-29 cells (41.19, 34.53 and 14.80% reduction, respectively), compared to non-treated cells. Further investigation of LpWCFS1 and LgA237 revealed a significant (p<0.0001) reduction in monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF) protein expression by 63.81 and 60.33%, respectively, in colitis-induced IECs. Overall, our results indicate adhesion, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential of the tested probiotics through antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. These findings may be used to further understand the role of the tested probiotics in treating inflammation that underlies gut-related diseases. Such knowledge is essential for the development and translation of novel, targeted probiotic therapies to beneficially modulate the gut environment and reduce inflammation, improving host health.
Study of Therapeutic Potential of Dodonaea viscosa against Rheumatoid Arthritis in Collagen Induced Arthritic Mouse Model
Authors: John Peter , Ali Zainab , Bhatti Attya 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), is a complex autoimmune disease associated with high rates of mortality and extreme disability. It is characterized by gradual joint destruction and a chronic inflammatory response. As current medications are not economical and provide complications, plant-derived therapeutic practices are now being explored. Dodonaea viscosa, a flowering plant, is well-known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, wound healing, and analgesic activities but no in vivo anti-arthritic study have been conducted so far. Hence, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the toxicity and therapeutic potential of Dodonaea viscosa in a collagen-induced arthritic mouse model. Chemical analysis exhibited that Dodonaea viscosa has high levels of beneficial bioactive compounds, including phenols, flavonoids, and other phytochemicals. In ex vivo and in vivo studies, Dodonaea viscosa showed significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-arthritic potential, while no toxic effects were found. Arthritic mice treated with Dodonaea viscosa showed reduced levels of rheumatoid factor and paw edema, while no significant effects were found on spleen indices and radiological examination of paws, compared to control untreated arthritic mice. Our study showed that treatment with Dodonaea viscosa resulted in improvements in arthritis and could therefore be a viable therapeutic source for treating patients with rheumatoid arthritis. However, further studies on humans are required for validation.
Dealing with overwhelming life situations - young people’s experiences of becoming depressed
Authors: Ekbäck Erik , Strömbäck Maria , Rådmark Lina , Öjebrandt Johan , Molin Jenny , Henje Eva 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Depression is common and increasing in young people, who seem especially vulnerable, both in the probability of developing depression, and in the resulting negative consequences across the lifespan. Unfortunately, available treatments rarely lead to full remission and even in cases of remission relapse rates are high. Different explanatory models have been proposed, and research indicates a multifaceted etiology. The descriptive DSM-5 has low diagnostic validity in this age-group, especially for depressive disorders, and limited attention has been given to young people’s own experiences of becoming depressed. Hence, there is a risk of missing clinical information that is important for the therapeutic alliance and treatment.

Objective
This study aimed to explore young people’s experiences of becoming depressed.

Method
A qualitative study was performed. Six participants with clinical depression, currently in treatment at child and adolescent psychiatric outpatient clinics in northern Sweden were recruited. Interviews followed a semi-structured manual, and data was analyzed with inductive qualitative content analysis.

Results
Participants described different reasons for their depression, and from their stories four categories were identified: “Being subjected to violence”, “Suffering separation and loss”, “Feeling abandoned”, and “Feeling burdened and vulnerable”. These categories were interpreted in the theme: “Dealing with an overwhelming life situation”.

Conclusions
The participants presented mainly stressful external and relational events preceding their depression. A combination of overwhelming stressors, lack of support and lack of time for recovery was described. This points to the importance of validating the narratives of young patients with depression and to offer trauma-informed treatment approaches in mental health care.
Morphometric Tomographic Analysis of the Head of the Tridactyl Humanoid Specimen from Nasca-Peru
Authors: Hernández-Huaripaucar Edgar , Becerra-Canales Bladimir , Zúñiga-Avilés Roger , Ybaseta-Medina Jorge , Suarez-Canlla Carlos , Caballero-Cornejo Hugo , Zúñiga-Almora Irvin 
Published: October 2024

Objective: To report the tomographic and morphometric analysis of the head of the tridactyl humanoid specimen from Nazca, Peru.

Method: A qualitative case study approach. RadiAnt DICOM Viewer software version 4.2.1 was used to analyze lengths, diameters, and volume in tomographic images of the head. The morphological biometric analysis applied anthropometric methods using some craniometric points and cephalometric angles.

Results and Discussion: As a result, it is reported that there are atypical, strange, and exceptional morphometric imaging features in the cephalic segment of specimen M01. The cephalometric analysis based on the ANB angle revealed a class II skeletal pattern, and according to the Bjorl-Jarabak analysis, it has a convex facial profile with hypodivergent growth (brachyfacial). The patient also has maxillary biprotrusion, severe protrusion of upper and lower incisors, loss of teeth, presence of root remnants, severe dental abrasion, non-assessable canine class, absence of three third molars and ocular protrusion. Based on craniometric points, the SNA angle (Sella, Nasion and Point A) and the SNB angle (Sella, Nasion and Point B) maxillary protrusion and mandibular protrusion were diagnosed.

Implications of the research: It is concluded that the combination of uncommon morpho-anatomical features in the maxillofacial and cranial massif do not correspond to a human craniofacial biotype, but could be considered as suggestive findings of morpho-anatomical features typical of a hominid species similar to humans.

Originality/Value: The expansion of biometric and morphoanatomical data of the head reinforces the hypothesis that morphologically it would be a non-human hybrid species.
Sustainability and Systems Thinking: a Case Study on HP Inc
Authors: Cardoso Henrique Costa , Tinôco Íris Márcia Melo , Novais Pedro Arthur Ventura , Caxiado André Luis Vale , Santos Rafael Souza dos , Zissou Alex de Jesus , Campos Pedro Silvestre da Silva , Morais Emerson Cordeiro , Moraes Raykleison Igor dos Reis , Chase Otavio Andre 
Published: October 2024

Objective: The objective of this study is to describe the sustainable impact actions of HP Inc. and relate them to General Systems Theory, emphasizing a viable systemic and circular production ideal that generates socioeconomic and environmental benefits from a minimal impact perspective.

Theoretical Framework: The foundation of this research essentially consists of the General Systems Theory proposed by Bertalanffy, which, combined with complementary concepts and literature such as Industrial Ecology and Systemic Thinking, serves as a basis for analyzing HP Inc.'s production process.

Method: This is an exploratory study, for which bibliographic research was conducted to provide a theoretical basis on the topics of sustainability and General Systems Theory. Subsequently, based on the knowledge acquired and official documents made available by the company, HP's production process and its relationship with the previously examined literature were analyzed.

Results and Discussion: The results show that HP is a multinational corporation with a sustainable and social impact policy aimed at goals such as zero carbon emissions, a fully regenerative economy, a primarily renewable energy matrix, digital equity, and the effective practice of the circular economy, which ensures ease of repairs, maintenance, and product longevity. Therefore, it is concluded that the company has a feedback system, which not only ensures minimal socio-environmental impact but also demonstrates alignment with systems theory, supporting the implementation of social and sustainable measures.
Research Implications: The research demonstrates, from a systemic perspective, how a circular production system, together with other sustainable impact actions, is a viable reality already being applied today, potentially serving as an example for other companies in operation.

Originality/Value: The study is relevant as it not only exposes the feasibility of a circular and regenerative economy, such as that of HP Inc., but also reflects how General Systems Theory and systems thinking can be key perspectives for analyzing this scenario.
Why surgical decompression of the carpal tunnel may not be effective. Obvious and unusual reasons for the failure of surgical treatment
Authors: Kalashnikova M. R. , Dulaev A. K. , Nakonechny D. G. , Kutianov D. I. , Zhigalo A. V. , Pochtenko V. V. , Morozov V. V. , Ogorodnik E. V. 
Published: October 2024

The objective was to analyze the possible reasons for the failure of surgical treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome.One of the most common forms of compression mononeuropathy of the upper extremity is carpal tunnel syndrome. Despite being widely studied, the topic remains relevant due to the fact that this pathology makes up the majority of occupational diseases and its treatment is associated with significant healthcare costs. Carpal tunnell release is the «gold standard» for surgical treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome, but despite its high level of effectiveness, from 2 to 10 % of patients require revision surgery for recurrent carpal tunnel syndrome.
Advantages and disadvantages of an inpatient emergency department in the treatment of therapeutic emergencies: load and economic modeling
Authors: Tsebrovskaya E. A. , Teplov V. M. , Korshunova A. A. , Burykina V. V. , Klyukovkin K. S. , Bagnenko S. F. 
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The article presents a comparison of simulation models for financing an inpatient emergency department and a therapeutic department using the example of an emergency therapeutic flow of patients.The objective was to analyze the economic aspects in an inpatient emergency department for the treatment of emergency therapeutic conditions such as hypertension.Methods and materials. Based on a retrospective analysis of the flow of incoming patients for emergency and urgent indications, a simulation model of the load and economic calculations of the work of the inpatient emergency department was developed.Results. According to the results of the study, it was revealed that with a three-fold increase in the flow of patients entering the department, the inpatient emergency department copes with this flow more effectively in comparison with the therapeutic one. Despite this funding, the medical institution receives significantly less.Conclusion. Based on the study, the need to create a special tariff plan for the work of such units as the inpatient emergency department was identified, because the capacity in this department is many times greater.
The reasonableness of the duration of criminal proceedings - a special case of unjustified legal convergence that violates the historical order
Authors: Bormotova Ladmila Valer'evna 
Published: October 2024

The subject of study is some significant historical stages of the formation and development of the institution of criminal procedure deadlines. The aim is to identify the national tradition of regulating deadlines and mechanisms for speeding up criminal procedures. The object of the study was the criminal procedure norms of different periods of time of the development of legislation in Russia, domestic judicial practice and the practice of the European Court of Human Rights in the context of resolving the issue of the need for the existence of a requirement for the reasonableness of the terms of criminal proceedings in the system of traditional Russian principles. The research is based on general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition, which made it possible to analyze sources on the chosen topic and synthesize knowledge about the evolution of the terms of criminal proceedings. The method of comparative historical jurisprudence allowed us to formulate a conclusion about the adherence to the legislative tradition of separating principles-ideas and specific rules for the preliminary investigation and judicial review of criminal cases. It is concluded that the requirement of the reasonableness of the timing of criminal proceedings in the historical context was completely justified and addressed to the preliminary investigation authorities, as a rule, on immediate procedural activity. Changing the status of this rule to a principle did not significantly change law enforcement activities, but introduced an imbalance in the systematic approach to regulating criminal procedural relations. The measures to speed up the judicial review mentioned in the provisions of Article 6.1 of the CPC of the Russian Federation and the corresponding resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation are of a mixed nature. The directives of the President of the Court regarding measures to speed up the proceedings contradict the independence of judges and violate the principle of legality. In this regard, a proposal was made to exclude this requirement from the system of principles, followed by the addition of the general conditions of preliminary investigation and judicial proceedings.
"Transitional justice": general characteristics
Authors: Sergeeva Anzhelika Anatol'evna , Voskoboinik Igor' Olegovich , Pitulko Kseniya Viktorovna , Sokolova Elena Valer'evna 
Published: October 2024

The subject of the study is a special procedural mechanism for establishing the circumstances of the commission of genocide and other crimes against humanity during the functioning of various totalitarian regimes that widely use the practice of mass violations of human rights, the ideology of historical exclusivity, and the destruction of civil society institutions. Usually we are talking about states that have survived dictatorship or war, so the center of judicial knowledge is, first of all, precedents of gross violations of the rules of warfare, torture, mass executions, slavery. The declared goals of "transitional justice" are the rehabilitation of victims of repression. The authors conducted a study of the activities of special judicial presences and truth and reconciliation commissions, summarized the mediation experience implemented in the states of Africa and Southeast Asia. The research methodology is based on the principles of dialectical cognition, as well as a wide range of general scientific and private scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, legal comparative studies). The main conclusions of the study are concentrated around the specifics of the subject jurisdiction of conciliation commissions and tribunals, covering only acts of violence against the civilian population. For the first time, the authors have assessed the effectiveness of these institutions in a number of states. The various methodologies that make up "transitional justice" usually combine the "healing" measures of restorative justice (truth and reconciliation commissions) and a parallel system of punitive justice (mainly against those primarily responsible for the most serious crimes and their direct perpetrators). The text of the article substantiates that the activities carried out within the framework of "transitional justice" are aimed at reforming social institutions by restoring the rule of law and ensuring the functioning of constitutionally established judicial bodies in the future.
Gray zone Bethesda category III – Atypia of undetermined significance lesions of the thyroid: Potential diagnostic issues and image morphometry as a useful adjunct to cytomorphology
Authors: Saini Tarunpreet , Kundu Reetu , Rohilla Manish , Gupta Parikshaa , Gupta Nalini , Srinivasan Radhika , Saikia Uma Nahar , Dey Pranab 
Published: October 2024

Objective:
Atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) is an indeterminate category which presents a significant challenge for pathologists and clinicians. The management options are dependent on the rate of malignancy for a given populace.

Material and Methods:
This is a retrospective analysis of 61 cases of the AUS Bethesda category III with grouping into neoplastic and non-neoplastic according to the histopathology data and clinical follow-up. Detailed cytomorphological features were analyzed and image morphometry was done using image J software. Student’s t-test was used.

Results:
Out of the total 61 cases, 35 were neoplastic cases of AUS (histopathology proven), and 26 were non-neoplastic (on follow-up) cases. The risk of neoplasia and risk of malignancy observed were 57.4% and 47.5%, respectively. Neoplastic cases displayed prominent intranuclear inclusions (54%) and pseudopapillary clusters (20%). Majority of non-neoplastic cases revealed fine chromatin (96%) and pale chromatin (4%) while among neoplastic cases, 14% showed pale chromatin. Neoplastic cases showed moderate to marked nuclear pleomorphism (20%) compared to non-neoplastic cases which were monomorphic to mildly pleomorphic. None of the non-neoplastic cases exhibited frequent nuclear overlapping, nuclear grooving, or nucleoli which emphasizes the need for scrutiny of smears for these features. On image morphometry, cases with malignant outcome had larger nuclear area, perimeter, diameter, and nuclear density which were statistically significant.

Conclusion:
The study illustrates the importance of identifying subtle cytomorphological features and usefulness of image morphometry as an adjunctive objective tool in AUS cases. This helps in making an accurate cytological diagnosis which guides the treating clinician regarding surgical management or need for clinical follow-up.
Knowledge, attitude, and practices toward oral health among frontline healthcare workers in India
Authors: Yadav Ankita , Sabbarwal Bhavna , Tandon Shourya , Chand Sachin 
Published: October 2024

Objectives:
Oral health problems have become one of the most significant public health issues in India. Oral diseases can be controlled only if the services focus on primary healthcare and prevention. The role of frontline healthcare workers is crucial in management of oral health issues specially where there is a shortage of dentists. The Anganwadi Workers (AWWs) are those grassroots-level workers in India. Hence, the study was aimed at evaluating the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward oral health among AWW.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted among 218 AWWs in the Rewari District of Haryana, India. Data were gathered using a self-structured questionnaire. Questions included information related to dental caries, mother’s diet during pregnancy, and many other covariables.

Results:
A total of 218 AWW were part of the research. About 31.7% of AWW had an acceptable level of knowledge, whereas 74.3% showed a favorable attitude. The results showed potential for this group to be used to spread primary-level preventive messages related to good oral health.

Conclusion:
Good sensitization of this primary-level health workforce toward oral health can go a long way in transforming the KAPs of the rural population, too.