bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Katalysatoren des Leuna Werkes von 1960 – 1986: Von der Empirie zur Wissenschaft. Teil IV: Hydrospaltkatalysatoren
Authors: Becker Karl 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn der vierteiligen Beitragsreihe wurde die Entwicklung technischer Katalysatoren im Leuna Werk dargestellt. Wenngleich die Arbeiten mit mehr als 300 Patenten verbunden waren, ist es nicht das Ziel, ein Patentrezept für die Entwicklung neuer Katalysatoren zu vermitteln, sondern zu zeigen, dass im Zuge der Katalysator‐ und Verfahrensentwicklungen in Leuna von den 1950er bis zum Ende der 1980er Jahre beachtliche Leistungen vollbracht wurden, die internationalen Vergleichen standhalten konnten. Neben dem wirtschaftlichen Nutzen von mehreren hundert Millionen Mark (DDR) wurden im Rahmen der Arbeiten neue Vorstellungen darüber entwickelt, was ein technischer Katalysator ist und wie er wirkt. Der vierte und letzte Teil befasst sich mit den Hydrospaltkatalysatoren sowie den in der DDR entwickelten Verfahren.
Childhood leukemia incidence in California: High and rising in the Hispanic population
Authors: Giddings Brenda M. , Whitehead Todd P. , Metayer Catherine , Miller Mark D. 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUNDHigh rates of childhood leukemia incidence have been reported in Latin America and among Hispanic children in the United States. California's large Hispanic population affords an important opportunity to perform a detailed analysis of the leukemia burden among Hispanic children.METHODSLeukemias diagnosed among non‐Hispanic white (NHW), Hispanic, African American (AA), and Asian/Pacific Islander (API) children aged birth to 19 years between January 1, 1990 and December 31, 2012 were obtained from the California Cancer Registry (11,084 cases). Age‐adjusted incidence rates, standardized rate ratios (SRRs), and secular trends in incidence (annual percent change [APC]) were analyzed by subtype, race/ethnicity, sex, and age.RESULTSCompared with NHW children, the incidence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was higher among Hispanic (SRR, 1.32) and lower among AA (SRR, 0.55) and API (SRR, 0.91) children. From 1990 to 2012, the incidence of ALL increased overall (APC, 1.1%) and among males (APC, 1.0%), females (APC, 1.3%), Hispanics (APC, 1.1%), AAs (APC, 1.9%), AA males (APC, 2.8%), API males (APC, 1.9%), and Hispanic females (APC, 1.5%). The incidence of ALL increased among Hispanic males aged 15 to 19 years (APC, 2.5%) and Hispanic females aged birth to 4 years and 15 to 19 years (APCs of 2.2% and 1.9%, respectively). The incidence of acute myeloid leukemia did not appear to differ among racial/ethnic groups. From 1990 to 2012, the overall incidence of acute myeloid leukemia remained stable but increased among Hispanics (APC, 1.2%), females (APC, 1.0%), Hispanic females (APC, 2.3%), and Hispanic females aged 15 to 19 years (APC, 3.4%).CONCLUSIONSNotable differences in the incidence of childhood leukemia were observed among 4 racial/ethnic groups in California. Factors that may contribute to these differences include differential exposure to carcinogens and/or genetic susceptibility. Cancer 2016. © 2016 American Cancer Society. Cancer 2016;122:2867–2875. © 2016 American Cancer Society
Randomized phase 3 study in low‐grade lymphoma comparing maintenance anti‐CD20 antibody with observation after induction therapy: A trial of the ECOG‐ACRIN Cancer Research Group (E1496)
Authors: Barta Stefan K. , Li Hailun , Hochster Howard S. , Hong Fangxin , Weller Edie , Gascoyne Randy D. , Habermann Thomas M. , Gordon Leo I. , Colocci Natalia , Bengtson Elizabeth M. , Horning Sandra J. , Kahl Brad S. 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUNDIn an ECOG‐ACRIN Cancer Research Group study (E1496), maintenance rituximab (MR) was reported to prolong progression‐free survival (PFS) in comparison with observation (OBS) alone in patients with indolent lymphoma after induction chemotherapy. Here the long‐term follow‐up of the same patient cohort is presented.METHODSPatients with indolent lymphoma received induction chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone (CVP). Patients with stable disease or a better response were then randomized to weekly rituximab (375 mg/m2 × 4 doses) every 6 months for 2 years (MR) or to OBS. The primary endpoint was PFS; the secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), response rate, and toxicities.RESULTSOf the 387 patients who initially received CVP induction, 158 were randomized to MR, and 153 were randomized to OBS. After a median follow‐up of 11.5 years, patients on MR had longer median PFS (4.8 years) than patients on OBS (1.3 years; hazard ratio [HR], 0.49; P < .0001). However, there was no difference in OS between MR and OBS (10‐year OS, 67% vs 59%; median OS, 13.5 years vs not reached; HR, 0.91; P = .69). Other than MR, only minimal residual disease after induction therapy was significantly associated with PFS on multivariate analysis (HR, 0.71; P = .02). A low initial tumor burden, minimal residual disease, follicular histology, a low Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index score, and female sex were associated with longer OS. There was no increase in the rate of second primary malignancies with MR vs OBS.CONCLUSIONSWith long‐term follow‐up, MR did not influence OS. The PFS benefit was maintained. MR should be considered optional for patients with indolent B‐cell lymphoma. Cancer 2016;122:2996‐3004. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
A Luminescent Nanocrystal Marker for the Selective and Ultrasensitive Detection of Explosives
Authors: Sarkar Shyam , Graña‐Suárez Laura , Verboom Willem , Mahalingam Venkataramanan , Huskens Jurriaan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe developed a luminescent probe for the selective and sensitive detection of an explosive, i.e., picric acid (PA), based on the luminescence quenching of CeIII and TbIII co‐doped Sr2GdF7 nanocrystals. A new colloidal synthesis route at low temperature (80 °C) was developed to synthesize the luminescent nanocrystals host matrix Sr2GdF7. The nanocrystals showed strong green emission under UV excitation (290 nm) by efficient energy transfer from CeIII to TbIII ions. The functionalization of the nanocrystals with l‐cysteine (Cys) rendered the luminescent probe water dispersible. The presence of the −NH2 groups of Cys allowed the selective interaction of the probe with PA among other nitro explosives. This caused a 92 % reduction of the photoluminescence intensity of TbIII in the Sr2GdF7 nanocrystals, and led to the selective detection of PA with an unprecedented limit of detection (LOD) of approx. 4 nm.
Leaf litter arthropod responses to tropical forest restoration
Authors: Cole Rebecca J. , Holl Karen D. , Zahawi Rakan A. , Wickey Philipp , Townsend Alan R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSoil and litter arthropods represent a large proportion of tropical biodiversity and perform important ecosystem functions, but little is known about the efficacy of different tropical forest restoration strategies in facilitating their recovery in degraded habitats. We sampled arthropods in four 7‐ to 8‐year‐old restoration treatments and in nearby reference forests. Sampling was conducted during the wet and dry seasons using extractions from litter and pitfall samples. Restoration treatments were replicated in 50 × 50‐m plots in four former pasture sites in southern Costa Rica: plantation – trees planted throughout the plot; applied nucleation/islands – trees planted in patches of different sizes; and natural regeneration – no tree planting. Arthropod abundance, measures of richness and diversity, and a number of functional groups were greater in the island treatment than in natural regeneration or plantation treatments and, in many cases, were similar to reference forest. Litter and pitfall morphospecies and functional group composition in all three restoration treatments were significantly different than reference sites, but island and plantation treatments showed more recovery than natural regeneration. Abundance and functional group diversity showed a much greater degree of recovery than community composition. Synthesis and applications: The less resource‐intensive restoration strategy of planting tree islands was more effective than tree plantations in restoring arthropod abundance, richness, and functional diversity. None of the restoration strategies, however, resulted in similar community composition as reference forest after 8 years of recovery, highlighting the slow rate of recovery of arthropod communities after disturbance, and underscoring the importance of conservation of remnant forests in fragmented landscapes.
Into the deep: the functionality of mesopelagic excursions by an oceanic apex predator
Authors: Howey Lucy A. , Tolentino Emily R. , Papastamatiou Yannis P. , Brooks Edward J. , Abercrombie Debra L. , Watanabe Yuuki Y. , Williams Sean , Brooks Annabelle , Chapman Demian D. , Jordan Lance K.B. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractComprehension of ecological processes in marine animals requires information regarding dynamic vertical habitat use. While many pelagic predators primarily associate with epipelagic waters, some species routinely dive beyond the deep scattering layer. Actuation for exploiting these aphotic habitats remains largely unknown. Recent telemetry data from oceanic whitetip sharks (Carcharhinus longimanus) in the Atlantic show a strong association with warm waters (>20°C) less than 200 m. Yet, individuals regularly exhibit excursions into the meso‐ and bathypelagic zone. In order to examine deep‐diving behavior in oceanic whitetip sharks, we physically recovered 16 pop‐up satellite archival tags and analyzed the high‐resolution depth and temperature data. Diving behavior was evaluated in the context of plausible functional behavior hypotheses including interactive behaviors, energy conservation, thermoregulation, navigation, and foraging. Mesopelagic excursions (n = 610) occurred throughout the entire migratory circuit in all individuals, with no indication of site specificity. Six depth‐versus‐time descent and ascent profiles were identified. Descent profile shapes showed little association with examined environmental variables. Contrastingly, ascent profile shapes were related to environmental factors and appear to represent unique behavioral responses to abiotic conditions present at the dive apex. However, environmental conditions may not be the sole factors influencing ascents, as ascent mode may be linked to intentional behaviors. While dive functionality remains unconfirmed, our study suggests that mesopelagic excursions relate to active foraging behavior or navigation. Dive timing, prey constituents, and dive shape support foraging as the most viable hypothesis for mesopelagic excursions, indicating that the oceanic whitetip shark may regularly survey extreme environments (deep depths, low temperatures) as a foraging strategy. At the apex of these deep‐water excursions, sharks exhibit a variable behavioral response, perhaps, indicating the presence or absence of prey.
Life after cold death: reef coral and coral reef responses to the 2010 cold water anomaly in the Florida Keys
Authors: Kemp Dustin W. , Colella Michael A. , Bartlett Lucy A. , Ruzicka Rob R. , Porter James W. , Fitt William K. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOrganismal and community‐wide responses of reef‐building corals are documented before and after a severe cold‐water thermal anomaly that occurred in 2010 in the Florida Keys, USA. In January 2010 seawater temperatures dropped far below the normal minima (to <11°C), resulting in the largest documented coral mass mortality event ever recorded in the Florida Keys. Physiological measurements demonstrated species‐specific thermal sensitivities to this environmental perturbation. Four common corals with narrow thermal tolerance, Acropora cervicornis, Orbicella annularis, O. faveolata, and Porites astreoides, sustained high mortality (>80%) on inshore reefs. In contrast, another common coral with a wide thermal tolerance, Siderastrea siderea, was not affected by this cold anomaly. We measured biomass, symbiotic algal densities (genus: Symbiodinium), chlorophyll a content, and maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II for reef‐building corals on a seasonal basis before and after the 2010 cold anomaly. Our data document a clear correspondence between physiological response, biomass levels, and survivorship among these five scleractinian coral species. These physiological findings are mirrored by in‐shore benthic community monitoring data, which show the dramatic loss of the three cold‐sensitive species and continued survival of the cold‐tolerant species. Finally, we document recruitment and survival rates of newly settled reef‐building corals on four inshore reefs, which experienced high coral mortality during the 2010 cold‐kill. Interestingly, both a cold‐tolerant species, S. siderea, and a cold‐intolerant species, P. astreoides, were the most abundant species recruiting to these postdisturbance reefs.
Distribution of a climate‐sensitive species at an interior range margin
Authors: Ray Chris , Beever Erik A. , Rodhouse Thomas J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAdvances in understanding the factors that limit a species’ range, particularly in the context of climate change, have come disproportionately through investigations at range edges or margins. The margins of a species’ range might often correspond with anomalous microclimates that confer habitat suitability where the species would otherwise fail to persist. We addressed this hypothesis using data from an interior, climatic range margin of the American pika (Ochotona princeps), an indicator of relatively cool, mesic climates in rocky habitats of western North America. Pikas in Lava Beds National Monument, northeastern California, USA, occur at elevations much lower than predicted by latitude and longitude. We hypothesized that pika occurrence within Lava Beds would be associated primarily with features such as “ice caves” in which sub‐surface ice persists outside the winter months. We used data loggers to monitor sub‐surface temperatures at cave entrances and at non‐cave sites, confirming that temperatures were cooler and more stable at cave entrances. We surveyed habitat characteristics and evidence of pika occupancy across a random sample of cave and non‐cave sites over a 2‐yr period. Pika detection probability was high (~0.97), and the combined occupancy of cave and non‐cave sites varied across the 2 yr from 27% to 69%. Contrary to our hypothesis, occupancy was not higher at cave sites. Vegetation metrics were the best predictors of site use by pikas, followed by an edge effect and elevation. The importance of vegetation as a predictor of pika distribution at this interior range margin is congruent with recent studies from other portions of the species’ range. However, we caution that vegetation composition depends on microclimate, which might be the proximal driver of pika distribution. The microclimates available in non‐cave crevices accessible to small animals have not been characterized adequately for lava landscapes. We advocate innovation in the acquisition and use of microclimatic data for understanding the distributions of many taxa. Appropriately scaled microclimatic data are increasingly available but rarely used in studies of range dynamics.
Meaning threat can promote peaceful, not only military‐based approaches to intergroup conflict: The moderating role of ingroup glorification
Authors: Rovenpor Daniel R. , Leidner Bernhard , Kardos Peter , O'Brien Thomas C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMost research on threat documents its negative consequences. Similarly, most research on intergroup contexts has emphasized their negative behavioral effects. Drawing on the Meaning Maintenance Model and recent perspectives on the potential for positivity in intergroup conflict, we predicted that meaning threat can produce both antisocial and prosocial responses to intergroup conflict, depending on people's preexisting meaning frameworks. Studies 1 and 2 demonstrated that under meaning threat, low ingroup glorifiers strengthened their support for peaceful conflict resolution, whereas high ingroup glorifiers strengthened their support for military‐based conflict resolution. In the context of the Israel–Palestinian conflict, Study 3 found that low glorification was associated with greater support for peace during “hot” (but not “cold”) conflict, because hot conflict reduced their meaning in life. These findings are consistent with the notion that when meaning is threatened, people affirm their preexisting values—whether prosocial or antisocial—even in the context of intergroup conflict.
Limited validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in dementia: evidence from a confirmatory factor analysis
Authors: Stott Joshua , Spector Aimee , Orrell Martin , Scior Katrina , Sweeney Joanne , Charlesworth Georgina 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesThe Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a well‐validated, self‐report measure of both anxiety and depression. It is frequently used with people with dementia. However, its structural validity has never been examined in this population. The current study used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to assess this.MethodsBaseline data from two intervention studies for people with mild to moderate dementia were combined (N = 268). CFA was used to test whether a one, two or three factor structure best fit the data. Indices of model misspecification were examined to test for poor quality items, and models re‐specified accordingly. Finally, measurement invariance across gender and different levels of cognitive impairment was assessed.ResultsA one‐factor structure did not fit the data. Two and three factor structures fitted the data equally well. Model fit was improved by removal of two items. Measurement invariance was adequate across gender, but poor across groups with differing levels of cognitive impairment.ConclusionThe HADS is acceptable and feasible but difficult to interpret in a dementia population. We suggest that it should be interpreted as measuring two separate factors of anxiety and depression and not one ‘distress’ factor. However, two items may need to be removed, affecting cut‐off scores. Poor measurement invariance means the HADS may not be a good tool for measuring differences in anxiety and depression between those with mild and those with moderate cognitive impairment. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effect of Sorority Membership on Eating Disorders, Body Weight, and Disordered‐Eating Behaviors
Authors: Averett Susan , Terrizzi Sabrina , Wang Yang 
Published: June 2016

AbstractEating disorders are currently the deadliest mental disorder in the United States, affecting an estimated 12%–25% of all college women. Previous research has found a positive correlation between sorority membership and eating disorders, but the causal link has not been firmly established. We contribute to the literature by investigating a possible causal link among sororities and diagnosed eating disorders, measurable weight outcomes, and disordered‐eating behaviors using data from the American College Health Association Survey. We handle the potential endogeneity of sorority membership using propensity score matching and instrumental variable methods to determine whether joining a sorority is a cause of the weight‐related outcomes we study. We find that sorority members exhibit worse weight‐related outcomes than those not in a sorority. However, our propensity score matching and instrumental variable results suggest that, other than BMI, this is merely a correlation, and there is little evidence that sorority membership is a cause of the outcomes we study. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
USING THE PARENT–INFANT RELATIONSHIP GLOBAL ASSESSMENT SCALE TO IDENTIFY CAREGIVER–INFANT/TODDLER DYADS WITH ABUSIVE RELATIONSHIP PATTERNS IN SIX EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Authors: Hatzinikolaou Kornilia , Karveli Vassiliki , Skoubourdi Aggeliki , Zarokosta Foteini , Antonucci Gianluca , Visci Giovanni , Calheiros Maria Manuela , MagalhÃes Eunice , Essau Cecilia , Allan Sharon , Pithia Jayshree , Walji Fahreen , Ezpeleta Lourdes , Perez‐Robles Ruth , Fanti Kostas A. , Katsimicha Evita , Hadjicharambous Maria‐Zoe , Nikolaidis George , Reddy Vasudevi 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe study examined whether the Diagnostic Classification of Mental Health and Developmental Disorders of Infancy and Early Childhood, Revised Edition (DC: 0–3R; ZERO TO THREE, 2005) Parent–Infant Relationship Global Assessment Scale (PIR‐GAS) is applicable to six European countries and contributes to the identification of caregiver–infant/toddler dyads with abusive relationship patterns. The sample consisted of 115 dyads with children's ages ranging from 1 to 47 months. Sixty‐four dyads were recruited from community settings without known violence problems, and 51 dyads were recruited from clinical settings and already had been identified with violence problems or as being at risk for violence problems. To classify the dyads on the PIR‐GAS categories, caregiver–child interactions were video‐recorded and coded with observational scales appropriate for child age. To test whether the PIR‐GAS allows for reliable identification of dyads with abusive relationship patterns, PIR‐GAS ratings were compared with scores on the the International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect's (ISPCAN) Child Abuse Screening Tool‐Parental Version (ICAST‐P; D.K. Runyan et al., ), a questionnaire measuring abusive parental disciplinary practices. It was found that PIR‐GAS ratings differentiated between the general and the clinical sample, and the dyads with abusive patterns of relationship were identified by both the PIR‐GAS and the ICAST‐P. Interrater reliability for the PIR‐GAS ranged from moderate to excellent. The value of a broader use of tools such as the DC: 0–3R to promote early identification of families at risk for infant and toddler abuse and neglect is discussed.
“Unflattening” Our Ways of Seeing, Reading, and Writing
Authors: Vasudevan Lalitha , Rodriguez Kerr Kristine 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOur first column for Volume 60 of JAAL focuses on the messages of expanded ways of seeing in knowledge construction that are contained in the pages of Unflattening, a comic book originally written by Nick Sousanis as his doctoral dissertation. Unflattening seeks to literally unflatten conceptions of meaning, reading, and writing through an active embrace of multimodality in its integration of images, design, and various genres of written text.
Digital Literacies for Disciplinary Learning: A Call to Action
Authors: Manderino Michael , Castek Jill 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDigital Literacies for Disciplinary Learning explores intersections of digital and disciplinary literacies across multiple learning contexts. Topics addressed in the column come from variety of disciplines and include work with youth and adults, both in school and out of school. Digital enhancements will bring content to life and provoke questions, comments, and connections encouraging interactivity with readers. Jill Castek is a research assistant professor and director of the Literacy, Language, & Technology Research group at Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA. Michael Manderino is an assistant professor of literacy education at Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA. You can contact Jill at jcastek@pdx.edu or on Twitter (@jillcastek) or Michael at manderino@niu.edu or on Twitter (@mmanderino).