bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Not just a blip in someone’s life: integrating brokering practices into out-of-school programming as a means of supporting and expanding youth futures
Authors: Ching Dixie , Santo Rafi , Hoadley Christopher , Peppler Kylie 
Published: September 2016

PurposeThis article makes a case for the importance of brokering future learning opportunities to youth as a programmatic goal for informal learning organizations. Such brokering entails engaging in practices that connect youth to events, programs, internships, individuals and institutions related to their interests to support them beyond the window of a specific program or event. Brokering is especially critical for youth who are new to an area of interest: it helps them develop both a baseline understanding of the information landscape and a social network that will respond to their needs as they pursue various goals. The paper aims to describe three critical levers for brokering well in informal settings: creating learning environments that allow trust to form between youth and educators and enable educators to develop an understanding of a young person’s interests, needs and goals; attending to a young person’s tendency (or not) to reach out to educators after a program is over to solicit assistance; and enabling potential brokers to efficiently locate appropriate future learning opportunities for each young person who approaches them. The authors also include a set of program practices for providers who wish to increase their brokering impact, as well as recommendations geared primarily toward organization leaders. The authors hope that this paper brings clarity and enhanced significance to the practice of brokering as a strategy to support youth pathways toward meaningful futures.Design/methodology/approachInsights presented here are the result of a participatory knowledge building and sharing process with a community of after-school providers known as the Mozilla Hive NYC Learning Network. The topic of discussion was how these providers might continue to support young people in their intensive project-based programs after the program was over. The authors of this article, acting as embedded research partners to Hive NYC, contributed insights to these discussions based on ethnographic fieldwork and case studies of high-school-age youth in the Hive NYC context.FindingsThe authors articulate a set of brokering practices and a conceptual model that communicates how brokering might lead to valued long-term outcomes for youth, including increased social capital.Originality/valueThe intent is that information and perspectives from this article will inform youth-serving practice and serve as a catalyst for further conversations and activities geared toward promoting youth pathways of learning and identity development.
Effects of epidermal growth factor receptor‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors alone on EGFR‐mutant non‐small cell lung cancer with brain metastasis
Authors: Zhang Qiuyi , Zhang Xuchao , Yan Honghong , Jiang Benyuan , Xu Chongrui , Yang Jinji , Chen Zhihong , Su Jian , Wu Yi‐Long , Zhou Qing 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundEpidermal growth factor receptor‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‐TKIs) are remarkably effective for treating EGFR‐mutant non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the individual role of EGFR‐TKIs in patients with brain metastasis (BM) arising from EGFR‐mutant NSCLC remains unclear.MethodsPatients with BM secondary to NSCLC and harboring EGFR‐activating mutations were retrospectively screened. Patients who received gefitinib or erlotinib to control both extracranial lesions (ECLs) and intracranial lesions (ICLs) were eligible. If ECLs remained stable or remissive while ICLs progressed; asymptomatic BM progressed to symptomatic BM; BM symptoms were not alleviated within two weeks; or BM symptoms deteriorated after initial release, patients received brain radiotherapy or other local treatments and continued taking TKIs until ECLs progression occurred.ResultsIn 43 eligible patients, the objective response and disease control rates for ICLs were 57% and 91%, respectively. Median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 9.3 months. The median PFS for ICLs and ECLs was 9.7 and 13.7 months, respectively. Non‐smokers and second‐line TKIs were found to be independent positive prognostic factors for PFS and overall survival (OS) respectively, with a hazard ratio of 0.29 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.14–0.61; P = 0.001) and 0.34 (95% CI 0.16–0.70; P = 0.003). No significant difference in median OS was observed between patients who did or did not receive brain radiotherapy (23.6 vs. 18.7 months; P = 0.317).Conclusion
EGFR‐TKIs alone are effective for treating BM arising from EGFR‐mutant NSCLC. The efficacy of TKIs in ICLs and ECLs should be evaluated separately.
Efficacy and safety of adjunctive topiramate for schizophrenia: a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zheng W. , Xiang Y.‐T. , Xiang Y.‐Q. , Li X.‐B. , Ungvari G. S. , Chiu H. F. K. , Correll C. U. 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveTo systematically examine the randomized controlled trial (RCT) evidence regarding efficacy and tolerability of topiramate cotreatment with antipsychotics in schizophrenia‐spectrum disorders.MethodsRandom‐effects meta‐analysis of RCTs of topiramate cotreatment with antipsychotics vs. placebo/ongoing antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia‐spectrum disorders. Standardized or weighted mean difference (SMD/WMD), risk ratio (RR) ±95% confidence intervals (CIs), and number needed to harm (NNH) were calculated.ResultsAcross 16 RCTs (n = 934, duration = 11.8 ± 5.6 weeks), topiramate outperformed the comparator regarding change/endpoint of total (SMD: −0.58, 95% CI: −0.82, −0.35, P < 0.00001), positive (SMD: −0.37, 95% CI: −0.61, −0.14, P = 0.002), negative (SMD: −0.58, 95% CI: −0.87, −0.29, P < 0.0001), and general symptoms (SMD: −0.68, 95% CI: −0.95, −0.40, P < 0.00001). Furthermore, topiramate was superior regarding body weight (WMD: –2.75 kg, 95% CI: −4.03, −1.47, P < 0.0001), body mass index (BMI) (WMD: –1.77, 95% CI: −2.38, −1.15, P < 0.00001), triglycerides (P = 0.006), and insulin levels (P < 0.00001). Superiority regarding psychopathology and body weight/BMI was consistent across Chinese/Asian and Western RCTs, double‐blind and open designs, clozapine and non‐clozapine cotreatment, augmentation and co‐initiation RCTs, and higher and lower quality RCTs. In meta‐regression analyses, topiramate's efficacy for total symptoms was moderated by shorter illness duration (P = 0.047), while weight loss was greater in prevention/co‐initiation vs. intervention/augmentation RCTs (−4.11 kg, 95% CI: −6.70, −1.52 vs. −1.41 kg, 95% CI: −2.23, −0.59, P < 0.001). All‐cause discontinuation was similar between topiramate and comparators (RR: 1.28, 95% CI: 0.91, 1.81, P = 0.16). While topiramate led to more concentration/attention difficulties (P = 0.03, NNH = 8, 95% CI=4–25), psychomotor slowing (P = 0.02, NNH = 7, 95% CI = 4–25), and paresthesia (P = 0.05, NNH = 2, 95% CI = 4–33), it led to less ≥7% weight gain (P = 0.0001, NNH = 2, 95% CI = 2–3) and constipation (P = 0.04, NNH = 9, 95% CI = 5–100) than the comparator.ConclusionsThese results indicate that adjunctive topiramate to antipsychotics is an effective and safe treatment choice for symptomatic improvement and weight reduction in patients with schizophrenia‐spectrum disorders.
Space–time interactions and invertebrate assemblage change in stream networks
Authors: Campbell Rebecca E. , McIntosh Angus R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractStreams form hierarchical, dendritic physical networks, but relatively little is known about how this spatial structure affects community assembly. We investigated interactions between changes over time in macroinvertebrate assemblages and their distribution in space (the space–time interaction) in stream networks. Assemblages were sampled from every tributary, and every reach between tributaries, to determine effects of network position on assemblage composition, in four West Coast, South Island, New Zealand, headwater networks. Using canonical redundancy analysis, we found that macroinvertebrate assemblages were significantly spatially structured and species assemblages changed significantly between two sampling periods. The most important environmental variables (averaged over all AIC models) explaining change in assemblage composition were related to disturbance, local habitat/resources and habitat size. The lack of a significant interaction between space and time, however, indicated the spatial pattern of assemblages remained the same over time, regardless of changes in assemblage composition. Consistent spatial structuring could be the result of unchanging processes such as those arising from the universal nature of stream topology and hydrology acting both on habitat‐ and dispersal‐ related community processes. Thus, we conclude that although community assemblages changed over time, the spatial arrangement of communities could potentially be predicted from stream network topology and hydrology.
A revision of the genusOrosiusDistant (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) based on male genitalia and DNA barcoding
Authors: Fletcher Murray , Löcker Holger , Mitchell Andrew , Gopurenko David 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA morphological and molecular review of the genusOrosiusDistant (Deltocephalinae: Opsiini) was undertaken using male genitalia and DNA barcoding. We recognise 14 valid species of the genus, of which two were indeterminate, based on females only and recognised only by DNA barcodes.Orosius argentatus(Evans) stat. rev. is removed from synonymy withOrosius orientalis(Matsumura) after DNA barcoding demonstrated that the two species are distinct; small but consistent differences in the male genitalia are also found to support the two species hypothesis. The other species, recognised on male genitalia, are confirmed with DNA barcode sequence data. These species areOrosius albicinctusDistant,Orosius lotophagorum(Kirkaldy),Orosius canberrensis(Evans),Orosius ryukyuensis(Ishihara) andOrosius cellulosus(Lindberg), plus five new species described herein asOrosius albifronsFletcher & Löcker sp. nov. andOrosius brunneusFletcher & Löcker sp. nov. from Barrow Island, Western Australia,Orosius recurvusFletcher & Löcker sp. nov. from New South Wales andOrosius magareyiFletcher & Löcker sp. nov. andOrosius pallidusFletcher & Löcker sp. nov. from Loxton, South Australia. This is the first record ofO. cellulosusfrom Australia.Orosius aegypticusGhauri syn. nov. is synonymised withO. albicinctus, the synonymy ofNesaloha cantonisOman syn. nov. is transferred toO. orientalisfromO. argentatusandOrosius argentatus novaebrittaniaeGhauri syn. nov. is synonymised withO. orientalis. Orosius minuicusDlabola is excluded from the genus. A key for the discrimination and identification of the species based on male genitalia is provided.
High expression of the Notch ligand Jagged‐1 is associated with poor prognosis after surgery for colorectal cancer
Authors: Sugiyama Masakazu , Oki Eiji , Nakaji Yu , Tsutsumi Satoshi , Ono Naomi , Nakanishi Ryota , Sugiyama Masahiko , Nakashima Yuichiro , Sonoda Hideto , Ohgaki Kippei , Yamashita Nami , Saeki Hiroshi , Okano Shinji , Kitao Hiroyuki , Morita Masaru , Oda Yoshinao , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: September 2016

The importance of Notch signaling in colorectal cancer (CRC) carcinogenesis and progression has previously been presented. Increased expression of Jagged‐1 (JAG1), a Notch ligand, in CRC has been revealed, but the detailed prognostic significance of JAG1 in CRC has not been determined. Protein expression of JAG1 was examined using immunohistochemistry in 158 CRC specimens. Expression of JAG1 and E‐cadherin and their associations with clinicopathologic characteristics, overall survival (OS) and relapse‐free survival (RFS) were evaluated. In vitro studies using compounds to regulate intracellular signaling and small interfering RNA to silence JAG1 were performed in a colon cancer cell line. JAG1 expression in cancerous tissues was weak, moderate or strong in 32%, 36% and 32% of specimens, respectively, and correlated with histologic type and T stage. In multivariate analysis, JAG1 expression, histologic type and lymphatic invasion independently correlated with OS and RFS. The combination of high JAG1 expression and low E‐cadherin expression had an additive effect toward poorer OS and RFS compared with the low JAG1/high E‐cadherin expression subtype. A significant correlation between JAG1 expression and KRAS status was detected in groups stratified as high E‐cadherin expression. In vitro studies suggested that RAS‐MEK‐MAP kinase and the Wnt pathways positively regulated JAG1 expression. Gene silencing with siJAG1 indicated that JAG1 promotes the transition from epithelial to mesenchymal characteristics and cell growth. High expression of JAG1 is regulated by various pathways and is associated with poor prognosis through promoting the epithelial to mesenchymal transition and cell proliferation or maintaining cell survival in CRC.
Calorie restriction and not glucagon‐like peptide‐1 explains the acute improvement in glucose control after gastric bypass in Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Steven S. , Hollingsworth K. G. , Small P. K. , Woodcock S. A. , Pucci A. , Aribasala B. , Al‐Mrabeh A. , Batterham R. L. , Taylor R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimsTo compare directly the impact of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 secretion on glucose metabolism in individuals with Type 2 diabetes listed for Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass surgery, randomized to be studied before and 7 days after undergoing Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass or after following a very‐low‐calorie diet.MethodsA semi‐solid meal test was used to investigate glucose, insulin and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 response. Insulin secretion in response to intravenous glucose and arginine stimulus was measured. Hepatic and pancreatic fat content was quantified using magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsThe decrease in fat mass was almost identical in the Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass and the very‐low‐calorie diet groups (3.0±0.3 and 3.0±0.7kg). The early rise in plasma glucose level and in acute insulin secretion were greater after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass than after a very‐low‐calorie diet; however, the early rise in glucagon‐like peptide‐1 was disproportionately greater (sevenfold) after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass than after a very‐low‐calorie diet. This did not translate into a greater improvement in fasting glucose level or area under the curve for glucose. The reduction in liver fat was greater after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (29.8±3.7 vs 18.6±4.0%) and the relationships between weight loss and reduction in liver fat differed between the Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass group and the very‐low‐calorie diet group.ConclusionsThis study shows that gastroenterostomy increases the rate of nutrient absorption, bringing about a commensurately rapid rise in insulin level; however, there was no association with the large post‐meal rise in glucagon‐like peptide‐1, and post‐meal glucose homeostasis was similar in the Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass and very‐low‐calorie diet groups.(Clinical trials registry number: ISRCTN11969319.)
Development of social anxiety disorder secondary to attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (the developmental hypothesis)
Authors: Koyuncu Ahmet , Alkın Tunç , Tükel Raşit 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSocial anxiety disorder (SAD) may develop secondary to childhood attention deficit/hyperactivity (ADHD) in a subgroup of the patients with SAD. Patients pass through a number of identifiable stages of developmental pathways to SAD as they grow up. Patients with ADHD have maladaptive behaviours in social settings due to the symptoms of ADHD. These behaviours are criticized by their parents and social circle; they receive insults, humiliation and bullying. After each aversive incident, the individual feels shame and guilt. A vicious cycle emerges. The patients then develop social fears and a cognitive inhibition that occurs in social situations. The inhibition increases gradually as the fear persists and the individual becomes withdrawn. Patients start to monitor themselves and to focus on others’ feedback. Finally, performative social situations become extremely stimulating for them and may trigger anxiety/panic attacks. If this hypothesis is proven, treatment of ‘patients with SAD secondary to ADHD’ should focus on the primary disease.
Pneumopericardium associated with blunt thoracic trauma in an adult horse
Authors: Castro Martins M. , Bathe A. P. , Marr C. M. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryPneumopericardium, the presence of air in the pericardial space, is a rare condition that has been well documented in human medicine and associated with several different aetiologies, most commonly trauma. We report a case of pneumopericardium after blunt chest trauma in an adult horse. The horse responded well to conservative therapy and made a full recovery.
Lameness caused by a chronic metatarsal haematoma secondary to repetitive interference injury in a Standardbred racehorse
Authors: Uprichard K. L. , Vasey J. R. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThis report describes a case of chronic haematoma formation secondary to repeated hindlimb interference injuries in a 4‐year‐old Standardbred trotter racehorse. Physical examination, radiography and ultrasonographic investigations identified a firm, encapsulated soft tissue mass on the medial aspect of the left mid‐metatarsal region. After surgical removal, histopathological examination confirmed a chronic haematoma. The horse responded well to surgical management of the condition. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of surgical intervention to resolve the common problem of repetitive interference injuries in Standardbred racehorses.
Use of large‐scale veterinary data for the investigation of antimicrobial prescribing practices in equine medicine
Authors: Welsh C. E. , Parkin T. D. H. , Marshall J. F. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryBackgroundAs antimicrobial resistant bacterial strains continue to emerge and spread in human and animal populations, understanding prescription practices is key in benchmarking current performance and setting goals. Antimicrobial prescription (AP) in companion veterinary species is widespread, but is neither monitored nor restricted in the USA and Canada. The veterinary use of certain antimicrobial classes is discouraged in some countries, in the hope of preserving efficacy for serious human infections.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to ascertain the rate of prescription of a number of ‘reserved’ antimicrobials in a first‐opinion US and Canadian horse cohort, and identify trends in their empirical use.Study designRetrospective cohort study.MethodsA large convenience sample of electronic medical records (2006–2012) was interrogated using text mining to identify enrofloxacin, clarithromycin and ceftiofur prescriptions. Time series analysis and logistic regression were used to identify trends and risk factors for prescription.ResultsPrescription of these antimicrobials as a first‐line intervention, without culture and sensitivity testing (CST), was common in this population. Enrofloxacin prescriptions were found to increase over the study period, and there was evidence of either a reducing, or static trend in the proportion of reserved APs informed by CST.Main limitationsDose adequacy could not be included due to the nature of the data used.ConclusionsEmpirical use of reserved antimicrobials was common in this population, and further advice and guidance should be issued to first‐opinion veterinarians to safeguard antimicrobial efficacy.
In meso crystal structure of a novel membrane‐associated octaheme cytochrome c from the Crenarchaeon Ignicoccus hospitalis
Authors: Parey Kristian , Fielding Alistair J. , Sörgel Matthias , Rachel Reinhard , Huber Harald , Ziegler Christine , Rajendran Chitra 
Published: September 2016

The Crenarchaeon Ignicoccus hospitalis lives in symbiosis with Nanoarchaeum equitans providing essential cell components and nutrients to its symbiont. Ignicoccus hospitalis shows an intriguing morphology that points toward an evolutionary role in driving compartmentalization. Therefore, the bioenergetics of this archaeal host–symbiont system remains a pressing question. To date, the only electron acceptor described for I. hospitalis is elemental sulfur, but the organism comprises genes that encode for enzymes involved in nitrogen metabolism, e.g., one nitrate reductase and two octaheme cytochrome c, Igni_0955 (IhOCC) and Igni_1359. Herein, we detail functional and structural studies of the highly abundant IhOCC, including an X‐ray crystal structure at 1.7 Å resolution, the first three‐dimensional structure of an archaeal OCC. The trimeric IhOCC is membrane associated and exhibits significant structural and functional differences to previously characterized homologs within the hydroxylamine oxidoreductases (HAOs) and octaheme cytochrome c nitrite reductases (ONRs). The positions and spatial arrangement of the eight hemes are highly conserved, but the axial ligands of the individual hemes 3, 6 and 7 and the protein environment of the active site show significant differences. Most notably, the active site heme 4 lacks porphyrin‐tyrosine cross‐links present in the HAO family. We show that IhOCC efficiently reduces nitrite and hydroxylamine, with possible relevance to detoxification or energy conservation.DatabaseStructural data are available in the Protein Data Bank under the accession number 4QO5.
Information system artefact or information system application: that is the question
Authors: Iivari Juhani 
Published: September 2016

AbstractLee et al. () suggest the concept of information system (IS) artefact as an alternative to information technology (IT) artefact, defining the former as a system of an IT artefact, an information artefact and a social artefact. This paper assesses this suggestion, contrasting it with the concepts of IT artefact and IS application as introduced in the prior IS literature. After this conceptual analysis, the paper discusses the relationships between an IS artefact and design and between an IS artefact and design science. The analysis concludes that an IS artefact is problematic as a unit of design because of the great differences in the designability of its constituent parts. Instead, the paper maintains that an IS application is more appropriate as a unit of design, but an IS artefact may be fruitful as an analytical concept to be used in behavioural science research on the interplay of IT artefact, information artefact and social artefact, or – especially if including IS application design – in action research‐oriented design science research. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd