bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
System‐specific activity in response to Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study in awake male rats
Authors: Madularu Dan , Yee Jason R. , Kulkarni Praveen , Ferris Craig F. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the effects of two doses of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, cannabis' main psychoactive agent) and vehicle on blood‐oxygen‐level dependent (BOLD) activity in drug‐naïve, awake rats, in an effort to obtain a THC‐specific map of activation in clinically‐relevant regions and systems. Intraperitoneal injections of low dose of THC resulted in increased positive and negative BOLD signals compared to vehicle and high dose in areas rich in cannabinoid receptor 1, as well as throughout the pain and hippocampal neural systems. These results offer unique maps of activity, or ‘fingerprints’, associated with systemic THC administration, allowing for further comparisons with either additional doses or compounds, or between THC administration modalities (i.e. systemic vs. ingested vs. inhaled), which ultimately adds to the translatability assessment of THC‐induced BOLD between animal and human studies.
Differential actions of AMP kinase on ATP‐sensitive K+ currents in ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra zona compacta neurons
Authors: Wu Yan‐Na , Shen Ke‐Zhong , Johnson Steven W. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractATP‐sensitive K+ (K‐ATP) channels play significant roles in regulating the excitability of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra zona compacta (SNC). We showed previously that K‐ATP channel function is up‐regulated by AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK). This study extended these studies to the neurons adjacent to the SNC in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Using patch pipettes to record whole‐cell currents in slices of rat midbrain, we found that the AMPK activator A769662 increased the amplitude of currents evoked by the K‐ATP channel opener diazoxide in presumed dopamine‐containing VTA neurons. However, current evoked by diazoxide with A769662 was significantly smaller in VTA neurons compared to SNC neurons. Moreover, a significantly lower proportion of VTA neurons responded to diazoxide with outward current. However, A769662 was able to increase the incidence of diazoxide‐responsive neurons in the VTA. In contrast, A769662 did not potentiate diazoxide‐evoked currents in presumed non‐dopamine VTA neurons. These results show that AMPK activation augments K‐ATP currents in presumed dopamine neurons in the VTA and SNC, although diazoxide‐evoked currents remain less robust in the VTA. We conclude that K‐ATP channels may play important physiological roles in VTA and SNC dopamine neurons.
Cortical responses before 6 months of life associate with later autism
Authors: Lloyd‐Fox S. , Blasi A. , Pasco G. , Gliga T. , Jones E. J. H. , Murphy D. G. M. , Elwell C. E. , Charman T. , Johnson M. H. ,   the BASIS Team
Published: October 2017

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common, highly heritable, developmental disorder and later‐born siblings of diagnosed children are at higher risk of developing ASD than the general population. Although the emergence of behavioural symptoms of ASD in toddlerhood is well characterized, far less is known about development during the first months of life of infants at familial risk. In a prospective longitudinal study of infants at familial risk followed to 36 months, we measured functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) brain responses to social videos of people (i.e. peek‐a‐boo) compared to non‐social images (vehicles) and human vocalizations compared to non‐vocal sounds. At 4–6 months, infants who went on to develop ASD at 3 years (N = 5) evidenced‐reduced activation to visual social stimuli relative to low‐risk infants (N = 16) across inferior frontal (IFG) and posterior temporal (pSTS‐TPJ) regions of the cortex. Furthermore, these infants also showed reduced activation to vocal sounds and enhanced activation to non‐vocal sounds within left lateralized temporal (aMTG‐STG/pSTS‐TPJ) regions compared with low‐risk infants and high‐risk infants who did not develop ASD (N = 15). The degree of activation to both the visual and auditory stimuli correlated with parent‐reported ASD symptomology in toddlerhood. These preliminary findings are consistent with later atypical social brain responses seen in children and adults with ASD, and highlight the need for further work interrogating atypical processing in early infancy and how it may relate to later social interaction and communication difficulties characteristic of ASD.
Founder events, isolation, and inbreeding: Intercontinental genetic structure of the domestic ferret
Authors: Gustafson Kyle D. , Hawkins Michelle G. , Drazenovich Tracy L. , Church Robert , Brown Susan A. , Ernest Holly B. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDomestication and breeding for human‐desired morphological traits can reduce population genetic diversity via founder events and artificial selection, resulting in inbreeding depression and genetic disorders. The ferret (Mustela putorius furo) was domesticated from European polecats (M. putorius), transported to multiple continents, and has been artificially selected for several traits. The ferret is now a common pet, a laboratory model organism, and feral ferrets can impact native biodiversity. We hypothesized global ferret trade resulted in distinct international genetic clusters and that ferrets transported to other continents would have lower genetic diversity than ferrets from Europe because of extreme founder events and no hybridization with wild polecats or genetically diverse ferrets. To assess these hypotheses, we genotyped 765 ferrets at 31 microsatellites from 11 countries among the continents of North America, Europe, and Australia and estimated population structure and genetic diversity. Fifteen M. putorius were genotyped for comparison. Our study indicated ferrets exhibit geographically distinct clusters and highlights the low genetic variation in certain countries. Australian and North American clusters have the lowest genetic diversities and highest inbreeding metrics whereas the United Kingdom (UK) cluster exhibited intermediate genetic diversity. Non‐UK European ferrets had high genetic diversity, possibly a result of introgression with wild polecats. Notably, Hungarian ferrets had the highest genetic diversity and Hungary is the only country sampled with two wild polecat species. Our research has broad social, economic, and biomedical importance. Ferret owners and veterinarians should be made aware of potential inbreeding depression. Breeders in North America and Australia would benefit by incorporating genetically diverse ferrets from mainland Europe. Laboratories using ferrets as biomedical organisms should consider diversifying their genetic stock and incorporating genetic information into bioassays. These results also have forensic applications for conserving the genetics of wild polecat species and for identifying and managing sources of feral ferrets causing ecosystem damage.
SIMS Bias on Isotope Ratios in Ca‐Mg‐Fe Carbonates (Part III): δ18O and δ13C Matrix Effects Along the Magnesite–Siderite Solid‐Solution Series
Authors: Śliwiński Maciej G. , Kitajima Kouki , Spicuzza Michael J. , Orland Ian J. , Ishida Akizumi , Fournelle John H. , Valley John W. 
Published: October 2017

This study explores the effects of cation composition on mass bias (i.e., the matrix effect), which is a major component of instrumental mass fractionation (IMF) in the microanalyses of δ13C and δ18O by SIMS in carbonates of the magnesite–siderite solid‐solution series (MgCO3–FeCO3). A suite of twelve calibration reference materials (RMs) was developed and documented (calibrated range: Fe# = 0.002–0.997, where Fe# = molar Fe/[Mg + Fe]), along with empirical expressions for regressing calibration data (affording residuals < 0.5‰ relative to certified reference material NIST‐19). The calibration curves of both isotope systems are non‐linear and have, over a 2‐year period, fallen into one of two distinct but largely self‐consistent shape categories (data from ten measurement sessions), despite adherence to well‐established analytical protocols for carbonate δ13C and δ18O analyses at WiscSIMS (CAMECA IMS 1280). Mass bias was consistently most sensitive to changes in composition near the magnesite end‐member (Fe# 0–0.2), deviating by up to 4.5‰ (δ13C) and 14‰ (δ18O) with increasing Fe content. The cause of variability in calibration curve shapes is not well understood at present and demonstrates the importance of having available a sufficient number of well‐characterised RMs so that potential complexities of curvature can be adequately delineated and accounted for on a session‐by‐session basis.
Prediction of a nail polish colour applied on a nail
Authors: Monpeurt C. , Cinotti E. , Razafindrakoto J. , Rubegni P. , Fimiani M. , Perrot J. L. , Hebert M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe colour of a nail polish varies according to the nail on which it is applied. The objective of this study was to predict the colour of the nail polish on a given nail and to study how the colour varies depending on the nail polish thickness.MethodsSix nail polishes were applied in one, two and three layers on the nails of one subject, thus forming eighteen samples. The spectral reflectances of the eighteen nail polishes applied on the nails with different thicknesses were obtained by spectrophotometry. The spectral reflectances of the nails without polish were also measured using the same technique. The thicknesses of nail polishes were measured by high‐definition optical coherence tomography (HD‐OCT). Then, to determine the physical parameters of the nail polish itself, we applied the six nail polishes on an opacity drawdown chart and we measured the spectral reflectance and the thickness of each patch using spectrophotometry and HD‐OCT, respectively. The Kubelka–Munk theory was used to get the predicted spectral reflectance of the nail polish applied on the nail according to the polish thickness by knowing the parameter of the polish itself and the spectral reflectance of the nail. The predicted spectral reflectances were finally compared with those measured directly on the nails.ResultsThe predicted spectral reflectances were rather close to measured ones. Consequently, knowing the colour of the nail without polish and the optical parameters of the nail polish itself, we can estimate the colour of the nail polish applied on the nail depending on its thickness.ConclusionOur study showed that the Kubelka–Munk theory can be used to predict the nail polish colour. The ability to predict the real colour of a nail polish applied on a nail could help a nail polish manufacturer to improve his polish formulae in order to obtain a precise colour.
Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia: report of nine cases
Authors: Bahloul Emna , Amouri Meriem , Charfi Slim , Boudawara Ons , Mnif Hela , Boudawara Tahya , Turki Hamida 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundAngiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE) is a benign vascular proliferation characterized by dermal or subcutaneous red or brown papules or nodules, most commonly on the head and neck.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to review the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of ALHE, focusing particularly on the histological and therapeutic features.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of all cases of ALHE diagnosed in our dermatology and pathology departments between 2004 and 2015.ResultsOver 12 years, we collected nine cases of ALHE (0.75 case/year). There were four men and five women. The mean age was 43 years. Lesions presented as erythematous or violaceous papules or nodules in all cases, multiple in five cases, and localized on the head in eight cases or other sites in four cases. The diagnosis of ALHE was clinically suspected in only two cases. The histopathological findings showed an ill‐circumscribed, intradermal slightly lobular proliferation of capillary‐sized vessels around several central vessels. In all cases, the blood vessels were lined by large endothelial cells. An inflammatory infiltrate around the vessels was formed mainly of lymphocytes and eosinophils with isolated plasma cells and histiocytes. Surgery was the most common treatment in our series. Other local or general treatment has also been used with varying responses.ConclusionAngiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia is a rare epithelioid vascular tumor with a challenging clinical and histological diagnosis. Despite its benign nature, ALHE causes a therapeutic dilemma.
Aseptic surgical preparation for upper eyelid blepharoplasty via full‐face octenidine antiseptic without antibiotic medication shows effective prophylaxis against post‐surgical wound infection
Authors: Matiasek Johannes , Kienzl Philip , Otti Gerlinde R , Turk Bela R , Djedovic Gabriel , Rieger Ulrich M 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBlepharoplasty is the third most common plastic surgical procedure in the USA. Due to the emergence of multiresistant bacteria, optimising the antiseptic procedure is crucial. Choice of antiseptics plays an important role as they may cause skin irritation and colouring of disinfected areas. In this study, the use of the aqueous antiseptic octenisept® (octenidine) was evaluated in the outcome of blepharoplasties: incidence of wound dehiscence; haematoma; and infection in correlation with gender, medication, smoking habits and time of year. This retrospective surveillance study included 352 patients (median age 58·3 years). Skin disinfection was performed thrice prior to blepharoplasty. Sutures were removed on day 6. None of the patients suffered from wound infection. The total rate of wound dehiscence was 6·3%, with a higher ratio among male patients. Smokers and patients on anticoagulant medication showed a significantly higher incidence of wound dehiscence. Throughout the year, rates of wound dehiscence were highest in summer. Aseptic surgical preparation for blepharoplasty via full‐face scrub with octenisept® without oral antibiotic prophylaxis is well tolerated, with no report of wound infection, which may improve antibiotic stewardship as well as patient comfort. Elective upper eyelid blepharoplasty may ideally be performed in winter.
Mercury levels in hair samples of dentists: A comparative study in Sri Lanka
Authors: Wijesekara Lumbini A. , Usoof Rinzee , Gamage Sachindra S. T. , Jayasinghe Ruwan , Gamage Nandasena , De Silva Dileep , Ekanayake Sagarika 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAimElemental mercury is widely used in dentistry as dental amalgam. Hair samples constitute preferred biomarkers to determine the index of mercury exposure. In the absence of any published studies, the aim of the present study was to ascertain the level of mercury in a selected sample of dentists and controls in Sri Lanka.MethodsHair samples (.7 g) from dentists working in and around the Colombo district in Sri Lanka (n = 50) and controls (n = 50) were digested with sulfuric acid‐potassium permanganate solution, and reduced to metallic mercury with stannous chloride. Digested samples were analyzed for mercury using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer.ResultsThe average mercury contents of the test and control samples (n = 50 each) were 5.36 ± 2.64 ppb and 3.1 ± 1.99 ppb, respectively. Based on the estimated ratio of mercury in hair to blood in humans as 250:1, the average content of mercury in the blood of the two groups could be .02 ppb and .01 ppb, respectively. The number of years in dentistry and number of amalgam restorations performed within 1 week were not correlated with the hair concentration of mercury.ConclusionsAs the values of both groups were well below 10 ng/mL (10 ppb), within the concentrations considered as normal, mercury use was not considered an occupational hazard for dentists.
Partner Type Diversity in Alliance Portfolios: Multiple Dimensions, Boundary Conditions and Firm Innovation Performance
Authors: Hagedoorn John , Lokshin Boris , Zobel Ann‐Kristin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOur research extends the current knowledge based view on the configuration of alliance portfolios and their deployment in different external knowledge environments. We study these alliance portfolios in a longitudinal sample (1996–2010) for over three thousand firms that operate in a large number of industries in the Netherlands. Our findings indicate that partner type variety and partner type relevance, as different dimensions of partner diversity in alliance portfolios, both have an inverted U‐shaped association with firm innovation performance. However, alliance portfolios characterized by both high partner type variety and high relevance cause inferior innovation performance. Different external knowledge environments, characterized by different levels of industry modularity and scope of knowledge distribution, moderate the inverted U‐shaped associations of partner type variety and relevance in alliance portfolios with firm innovation performance in opposing directions. While for partner type variety, a high level is found to be optimal in environments with greater modularity or broader scope of knowledge distribution, for partner type relevance it turns out that a low level is optimal under more modular industry conditions.
Effects of high grafting on tomato plants infected by Meloidogyne incognita and Ralstonia solanacearum
Authors: Uehara Taketo , Nakaho Kazuhiro 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita is known to increase the severity of bacterial wilt in many solanaceous crops. In Japan, several bacterial wilt‐resistant rootstocks that have the M. incognita resistance (Mi) gene in their genome have been developed for tomatoes. In this study, we aimed to examine whether the presence of Mi gene‐breaking M. incognita population affects the development of bacterial wilt in bacterial‐wilt‐resistant tomato rootstocks with Mi in their genetic background. We also aimed to examine the possibility of using high‐grafted tomatoes to control bacterial wilt in plants infected by M. incognita. Our results indicate that the resistance to bacterial wilt was easy to break in usual‐grafted tomato plants infected with M. incognita and that M. incognita enhanced the vertical movement of Ralstonia solanacearum in the bacterial‐wilt‐resistant tomato rootstocks. In addition, our results suggest that high grafting led to significantly less wilting in the plants infected by M. incognita than did usual grafting.
Arbuscular mycorrhiza‐mediated resistance in tomato against Cladosporium fulvum‐induced mould disease
Authors: Wang Yue‐Yan , Yin Qiu‐Shuang , Qu Yue , Li Guang‐Zhe , Hao Lin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRoot colonization with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) enhances plant resistance particularly against soil‐borne pathogenic fungi. In this study, mycorrhizal inoculation with Glomus mosseae (Gm) significantly alleviated tomato mould disease caused by the air‐borne fungal pathogen, Cladosporium fulvum (Cf). The disease index (DI) in local leaves (receiving pathogen inoculation) and systemic leaves (just above the local leaf without pathogen inoculation) was 36.4% and 11.7% in mycorrhizal plants, respectively, whereas DI was 59.6% and 36.4% in the corresponding leaves of AMF non‐inoculated plants, after 50 days of Gm inoculation, corresponding to 15 days after Cf inoculation by leaf infiltration. Foliar spray inoculation with Cf also revealed that AMF pre‐inoculated plants had a higher resistance against subsequent pathogen infection, where the DI was 41.3% in mycorrhizal plants vs. 64.4% in AMF non‐inoculated plants. AMF‐inoculated plants showed significantly higher fresh and dry weight than non‐inoculated plants under both control (without pathogen) and pathogen treatments. AMF‐inoculated plants exhibited significant increases in activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, along with decreases in levels of H2O2 and malondialdehyde, compared with non‐inoculated plants after pathogen inoculation. AMF inoculation led to increases in total chlorophyll contents and net photosynthesis rate as compared with non‐inoculated plants under control and pathogen infection. Pathogen infection on AMF non‐inoculated plants led to decreases in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. However, pathogen infection did not affect these parameters in mycorrhizal plants. Taken together, these results indicate that AMF colonization may play an important role in plant resistance against air‐borne pathogen infection by maintaining redox poise and photosynthetic activity.
Rapid response to changing environments during biological invasions: DNA methylation perspectives
Authors: Huang Xuena , Li Shiguo , Ni Ping , Gao Yangchun , Jiang Bei , Zhou Zunchun , Zhan Aibin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDissecting complex interactions between species and their environments has long been a research hot spot in the fields of ecology and evolutionary biology. The well‐recognized Darwinian evolution has well‐explained long‐term adaptation scenarios; however, “rapid” processes of biological responses to environmental changes remain largely unexplored, particularly molecular mechanisms such as DNA methylation that have recently been proposed to play crucial roles in rapid environmental adaptation. Invasive species, which have capacities to successfully survive rapidly changing environments during biological invasions, provide great opportunities to study molecular mechanisms of rapid environmental adaptation. Here, we used the methylation‐sensitive amplified polymorphism (MSAP) technique in an invasive model ascidian, Ciona savignyi, to investigate how species interact with rapidly changing environments at the whole‐genome level. We detected quite rapid DNA methylation response: significant changes of DNA methylation frequency and epigenetic differentiation between treatment and control groups occurred only after 1 hr of high‐temperature exposure or after 3 hr of low‐salinity challenge. In addition, we detected time‐dependent hemimethylation changes and increased intragroup epigenetic divergence induced by environmental stresses. Interestingly, we found evidence of DNA methylation resilience, as most stress‐induced DNA methylation variation maintained shortly (~48 hr) and quickly returned back to the control levels. Our findings clearly showed that invasive species could rapidly respond to acute environmental changes through DNA methylation modifications, and rapid environmental changes left significant epigenetic signatures at the whole‐genome level. All these results provide fundamental background to deeply investigate the contribution of DNA methylation mechanisms to rapid contemporary environmental adaptation.