bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Anesthetic Techniques Influence the Threshold for Glomerular Capillary Hemorrhage Induced in Rats by Contrast‐Enhanced Diagnostic Ultrasound?
Authors: Miller Douglas L. , Lu Xiaofang , Fabiilli Mario , Dou Chunyan 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesGlomerular capillary hemorrhage can be induced by ultrasonic cavitation during contrast‐enhanced diagnostic ultrasound (US) exposure, an important nonthermal US bioeffect. Recent studies of pulmonary US exposure have shown that thresholds for another nonthermal bioeffect of US, pulmonary capillary hemorrhage, is strongly influenced by whether xylazine is included in the specific anesthetic technique. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of xylazine on contrast‐enhanced diagnostic US‐induced glomerular capillary hemorrhage.MethodsIn this study, anesthesia with ketamine only was compared to ketamine plus xylazine for induction of glomerular capillary hemorrhage in rats by 1.6‐MHz intermittent diagnostic US with a microsphere contrast agent (similar to Definity; Lantheus Medical Imaging, Inc, North Billerica, MA). Glomerular capillary hemorrhage was measured as a percentage of glomeruli with hemorrhage found in histologic sections for groups of rats scanned at different peak rarefactional pressure amplitudes.ResultsThere was a significant difference between the magnitude of the glomerular capillary hemorrhage between the anesthetics at 2.3 MPa, with 45.6% hemorrhage for ketamine only, increasing to 63.2% hemorrhage for ketamine plus xylazine (P < .001). However, the thresholds for the two anesthetic methods were virtually identical at 1.0 MPa, based on linear regression of the exposure response data.ConclusionsThresholds for contrast‐enhanced diagnostic US‐induced injury of the microvasculature appear to be minimally affected by anesthetic methods.
Sonographically Identified Echogenic Renal Masses Up to 1 cm in Size Are So Rarely Malignant They Can Be Safely Ignored
Authors: Itani Malak , Pandya Amit , Bude Ronald O. 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine whether small echogenic renal masses up to 1 cm in size incidentally detected by sonography are rarely malignant and thus do not need further workup.MethodsWe reviewed approximately 13,600 reports of all abdominal sonographic examinations performed between November 2001 and October 2007 that identified a small echogenic mass in a kidney. Patients with known malignancy of any kind, tuberous sclerosis, lesions larger than 1.0 cm, lesions with heterogeneous echogenicity, and lesions with posterior ring‐down artifacts or posterior acoustic shadowing were excluded. All patients without magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomographic scans that completely characterized the lesions were excluded unless a follow‐up study (sonography, magnetic resonance imaging, or contrast‐enhanced computed tomography) at least 5 years later was available for comparison to prove that the lesion was benign.ResultsA total of 120 lesions in 111 patients satisfied the inclusion criteria. Lesion sizes were 0 to 5 mm (n = 16) and 6 to 10 mm (n = 104). Of these, 54 lesions were characterized as definitely benign (47 angiomyolipomas and 7 other benign entities: calcifications in stones or within a cyst or calyx and cysts that were either simple on follow‐up studies or complicated with hemorrhagic or proteinaceous content). For the remaining 66 lesions, follow‐up results after at least 5 years were normal in 24 cases (which meant that the lesion was no longer visible), and the remaining 42 lesions were stable in size. The mean duration of follow‐up for these 66 lesions was 7.4 years.ConclusionsSmall echogenic renal masses up to 1 cm in size that fulfill our study criteria are so likely to be benign that they can be safely ignored.
Medical Student Core Clinical Ultrasound Milestones
Authors: Dinh Vi Am , Lakoff Daniel , Hess Jamie , Bahner David P. , Hoppmann Richard , Blaivas Michael , Pellerito John S. , Abuhamad Alfred , Khandelwal Sorabh 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesMany medical schools are implementing point‐of‐care ultrasound in their curricula to help augment teaching of the physical examination, anatomy, and ultimately clinical management. However, point‐of‐care ultrasound milestones for medical students remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to formulate a consensus on core medical student clinical point‐of‐care ultrasound milestones across allopathic and osteopathic medical schools in the United States. Directors who are leading the integration of ultrasound in medical education (USMED) at their respective institutions were surveyed.MethodsAn initial list of 205 potential clinical ultrasound milestones was developed through a literature review. An expert panel consisting of 34 USMED directors across the United States was used to produce consensus on clinical ultrasound milestones through 2 rounds of a modified Delphi technique, an established anonymous process to obtain consensus through multiple rounds of quantitative questionnaires.ResultsThere was a 100% response rate from the 34 USMED directors in both rounds 1 and 2 of the modified Delphi protocol. After the first round, 2 milestones were revised to improve clarity, and 9 were added on the basis of comments from the USMED directors, resulting in 214 milestones forwarded to round 2. After the second round, only 90 milestones were found to have a high level of agreement and were included in the final medical student core clinical ultrasound milestones.ConclusionsThis study established 90 core clinical milestones that all graduating medical students should obtain before graduation, based on consensus from 34 USMED directors. These core milestones can serve as a guide for curriculum deans who are initiating ultrasound curricula at their institutions. The exact method of implementation and competency assessment needs further investigation.
Stacked P‐to‐S and S‐to‐P receiver functions determination of crustal thickness, Vp, and Vs: The H‐V stacking method
Authors: Rychert Catherine A. , Harmon Nicholas 
Published: January 2016

AbstractH‐κ stacking is a routine method for determining crustal thickness (H) and Vp/Vs (κ) using P‐to‐S (Ps) receiver functions. In this paper we show that S‐to‐P (Sp) receiver functions may also be used to determine crustal parameters. Sp provides independent information, complementary to Ps. We develop a method called H‐V (crustal thickness‐velocity) stacking where Ps and Sp receiver functions are stacked, to jointly determine seismic crustal parameters (H, Vp, and Vs) beneath a given seismic station. We demonstrate the utility of the H‐V stacking method using data from seismic station HYB (Hyderabad) on the Dharwar Craton. We estimate a crustal thickness of 34.5 km, Vp = 6.55 km/s, and Vs = 3.85 km/s beneath the station in good agreement with previous results. The strength of the H‐V method is that it requires no assumptions about elastic parameters and/or additional processing or methodology.
Hydrological and land use control of watershed exports of dissolved organic matter in a large arid river basin in northwestern China
Authors: Hu Yue , Lu YueHan , Edmonds Jennifer W. , Liu Chuankun , Wang Sai , Das Oindrila , Liu Jie , Zheng Chunmiao 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe evaluated variation in dissolved organic matter (DOM) export as a function of hydrology and land use from a large arid river basin in northwestern China. Two soil‐derived, humic‐like (C1 and C2) and three protein‐like fluorescence components (C3, C4, and C5) were identified. During high discharges, river water DOM had higher values of DOC concentration, percent humic fluorescence, and humification index, but lower values of fluorescence index and percent protein fluorescence than found at base flow, suggesting that flow paths shifted to shallower depths flushing out topsoil organic matter. Loading of DOC and soil‐derived humic fluorescence were driven largely by discharge, with values over 10 times higher during high discharges than at base flow. Furthermore, both δ13C‐DOC and C1 at high flows positively correlated with %agricultural lands within 1 km river buffers, demonstrating that near‐river agricultural activities enhanced storm export of soil DOM. At base flow, C4 positively correlated with %agricultural lands, showing stimulation of aquatic bacterial carbon production as a result of elevated nutrient inputs from agricultural lands. Percent contributions of humic fluorescence in groundwater varied with well depths in shallow wells, but this pattern was not observed for deeper groundwater, suggesting that humic DOM could serve as a water source tracer indicating deeper aquifers were isolated from river water and shallow groundwater. Together, our data demonstrate that hydrology and land use controlled the sources and amount of riverine DOM in this large agricultural basin and that regulating storm runoff and near‐river agricultural activities should be incorporated in ecosystem‐based management of water resources.
Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Triazoles, N‐Fused 1,2,4‐Triazoles and 1,2,4‐Oxadiazoles via Molybdenum Hexacarbonyl‐Mediated Carbonylation of Aryl Iodides
Authors: Nakka Mangarao , Tadikonda Ramu , Nakka Srinivas , Vidavalur Siddaiah 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA convenient and efficient protocol has been developed for the synthesis of 1,2,4‐triazoles, N‐fused 1,2,4‐triazoles and 1,2,4‐oxadiazoles using molybdenum hexacarbonyl where, for the first time, molybdenum hexacarbonyl acts as a convenient and reliable solid source of carbon monoxide. This procedure provides an easy access to a library of 1,2,4‐triazole, N‐fused 1,2,4‐triazole and 1,2,4‐oxadiazole derivatives in fair to good yields without the need of gaseous carbon monoxide and palladium catalysts.magnified image
Surfactant‐directed morphology of cross‐linked styrene‐ or vinylbenzyl chloride‐based materials
Authors: Karamitrou Melpo , Sarpaki Efi , Bokias Georgios 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTPolystyrene (PSt) or poly(vinylbenzyl chloride) (PVBC) crosslinked with divinylbenzyl (DVB) materials were synthesized through free radical polymerization into templates formed by the surfactant polyoxyethylene (4) lauryl ether (Brij‐30). The chemical composition of the final products was verified through attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐IR) and the thermal behavior was investigated through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Depending on the organization of Brij‐30 in aqueous solution, three characteristic structures, namely spherical nanoparticles, platelet‐like objects and three‐dimensional networks, were identified through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The spherical nanoparticles and the platelet‐like objects form rather stable dispersions, especially in aqueous surfactant solutions, as exemplified by the evolution of the turbidity of the PSt‐based materials, using sodium dodecyl sulfate as surfactant. All materials retain their integrity even after thermal treatment at high temperature (∼200–250°C). The benzyl chloride group of the PVBC‐based materials offers a significant potential for further elaboration and practical applications, since they can be further functionalized while retaining their integrity. This potential is demonstrated here through hydrolysis to obtain hydroxyl‐functionalized three‐dimensional networks. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43297.
Flexible aliphatic poly(isocyanurate–oxazolidone) resins based on poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether and 4,4′‐methylene dicyclohexyl diisocyanate
Authors: Bakry Ahmed , Aversano Renato , D'Ilario Lucio , Di Lisio Valerio , Francolini Iolanda , Piozzi Antonella , Martinelli Andrea 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTNew flexible aliphatic oxazolidone‐isocyanurate networks (AISOX) are obtained by reacting a low molecular weight diisocyanate (4,4′‐methylene dicyclohexyl diisocyanate, H12MDI) and a macro‐diepoxyde (poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether, Mn = 526, PEGDGE) in different molar ratio. The curing reaction, carried out from 25 °C to 200 °C, is studied by using DSC and FTIR. The effect of the molar ratio of the two monomers on thermal and mechanical properties of AISOX resins is investigated by DSC, thermogravimetric analysis, stress−strain measurements and optical microscopy. Independently from the feed composition, it is observed that the reaction steps are: (i) partial hydrolysis of isocyanate caused by water traces, (ii) incomplete trimerization of isocyanate to give isocyanurate, and (iii) formation of oxazolidone and complete conversion of isocyanate. At the highest concentration of the soft macrodiepoxyde (PEGDGE), the AISOX resin is in the rubbery state at room temperature and shows an elastomeric behavior. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43404.
Controlled Synthesis of Highly Crystallized Mesoporous Mn2O3 and Mn3O4 by Using Anionic Surfactants
Authors: Jothi Palani Raja , Pramanik Malay , Li Cuiling , Kannan Shanthi , Malgras Victor , Salunkhe Rahul R. , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMesostructured manganese oxide (Mn3O4) is prepared by a soft‐templating method employing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a structure‐directing agent. By removing the template from the as‐prepared mesostructured Mn3O4 by extraction or calcination, we successfully synthesized highly crystallized mesoporous Mn3O4 or Mn2O3, respectively, with different crystalline structures.
Tranexamic acid in life-threatening military injury and the associated risk of infective complications
Authors: Lewis C J , Li P , Stewart L , Weintrob A C , Carson M L , Murray C K , Tribble D R , Ross J D 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Background
Tranexamic acid (TXA) has been shown to reduce mortality from severe haemorrhage. Although recent data suggest that TXA has anti-inflammatory properties, few analyses have investigated the impact of TXA on infectious complications in injured patients. The aim was to examine the association between TXA administration and infection risk among injured military personnel.

Methods
Patients who received TXA were matched by Injury Severity Score with patients who did not receive TXA. Conditional logistic regression was used to examine risk factors associated with infections within 30 days. A Cox proportional analysis evaluated risk factors in a time-to-first-infection model.

Results
A total of 335 TXA recipients were matched with 626 patients who did not receive TXA. A greater proportion of TXA recipients had an infection compared with the comparator group (P &lt; 0·001). Univariable analysis estimated an unadjusted odds ratio (OR) of 2·47 (95 per cent c.i. 1·81 to 3·36) for the association between TXA and infection risk; however, TXA administration was not significant in multivariable analysis (OR 1·27, 0·85 to 1·91). Blast injuries, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and receipt of 10 units or more of blood within 24 h after injury were independently associated with infection risk. The Cox proportional model confirmed the association with ICU admission and blood transfusion. Traumatic amputations were also significantly associated with a reduced time to first infection.

Conclusion
In life-threatening military injuries matched for injury severity, TXA recipients did not have a higher risk of having infections nor was the time to develop infections shorter than in non-recipients. Extent of blood loss, blast injuries, extremity amputations and ICU stay were associated with infection.
The variance shared across forms of childhood trauma is strongly associated with liability for psychiatric and substance use disorders
Authors: Kristjansson Sean , McCutcheon Vivia V. , Agrawal Arpana , Lynskey Michael T. , Conroy Elizabeth , Statham Dixie J. , Madden Pamela A. F. , Henders Anjali K. , Todorov Alexandre A. , Bucholz Kathleen K. , Degenhardt Louisa , Martin Nicholas G. , Heath Andrew C. , Nelson Elliot C. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIntroductionForms of childhood trauma tend to co‐occur and are associated with increased risk for psychiatric and substance use disorders. Commonly used binary measures of trauma exposure have substantial limitations.MethodsWe performed multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), separately by sex, using data from the Childhood Trauma (CT) Study's sample of twins and siblings (N = 2594) to derive three first‐order factors (childhood physical abuse, childhood sexual abuse, and parental partner abuse) and, as hypothesized, one higher order, childhood trauma factor (CTF) representing a measure of their common variance.ResultsCFA produced a good‐fitting model in the CT Study; we replicated the model in the Comorbidity and Trauma (CAT) Study's sample (N = 1981) of opioid‐dependent cases and controls. In both samples, first‐order factors are moderately correlated (indicating they measure largely unique, but related constructs) and their loadings on the CTF suggest it provides a reasonable measure of their common variance. We examined the association of CTF score with risk for psychiatric and substance use disorders in these samples and the OZ‐ALC GWAS sample (N = 1538) in which CT Study factor loadings were applied. We found that CTF scores are strongly associated with liability for psychiatric and substance use disorders in all three samples; estimates of risk are extremely consistent across samples.ConclusionsThe CTF is a continuous, robust measure that captures the common variance across forms of childhood trauma and provides a means to estimate shared liability while avoiding multicollinearity.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold Oxyfluorides, Au(OF)n (n = 1—6): Novel Superhalogens with Oxyfluoride Ligands.
Authors: Srivastava Ambrish Kumar , Misra Neeraj 
Published: January 2016

AbstractApplying gradient corrected DFT (Gaussian 09 program) with the gradient corrected hybrid form of exchange‐correlation potentials B3LYP, Au(OF)n complexes (n = 1—6) and their anions are systematically studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Dimers and Chains of Hydrogen Bonded [HS2O7]‐ Anions in the Crystal Structures of M[HS2O7] (M: K, [NH4], [NO], Rb, Cs).
Authors: Schindler Lisa Verena , Daub Michael , Struckmann Mona , Weiz Alexander , Hillebrecht Harald , Wickleder Mathias S. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe structures of the title compounds are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of Hydrazine Iron(III) Phosphate, the First Transition Metal Phosphate Containing Hydrazine.
Authors: David Renald 
Published: January 2016

Abstract[Fe(PO4)(N2H4)]n is prepared under hydrothermal conditions using an aqueous solution of FeCl2 and N2H2 to which KH2PO4 is added (autoclave, 433 K, 10 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Photoluminescence Properties of BaSiF6:Eu3+,Eu3+/K+ and Eu3+/Tb3+ Co‐Doped Phosphors.
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Yuan Long , Huang Keke , Du Yanyan , Feng Shouhua 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA series of BaSiF6:xEu3+ (x = 3‐20%), BaSiF6:15%Eu3+/15%K+, and BaSiF6:3%Eu3+/2%Tb3+ down‐conversion phosphors are hydrothermally prepared using hydrated SiO2 and NH4HF2 as metal chelating agents.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Conducting, n‐Type Bi12O15Cl6 Nanosheets with Superlattice‐Like Structure.
Authors: Myung Yoon , Wu Fei , Banerjee Sriya , Stoica Andreea , Zhong Hongxia , Lee Seung‐Soo , Fortner John , Yang Li , Banerjee Parag 
Published: January 2016

AbstractOxygen‐rich Bi12O15Cl6 n‐type semiconductor nanosheets are obtained after annealing p‐type BiOCl nanosheets in vacuum at 500 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Type of KYP2O7 Synthesized by the Boric Acid Flux Method and Its Luminescence Properties.
Authors: Jiang Yu , Liu Wei , Cao Xiyu , Su Ge , Cao Lixin , Gao Rongjie 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSingle crystals of a new phase of KYP2O7, r‐KYP2O7, are prepared by a low‐temperature H3BO3 flux method using a 1:1:8 molar mixture of YF3, H3BO3, and KH2PO4 (autoclave, 573 K, 3 d; cooling to 453 K at a rate of 1 K/h).
ChemInform Abstract: Cation Effect on Formation of Preyssler‐Type 30‐Tungsto‐5‐phosphate: Enhanced Yield of Na‐Encapsulated Derivative and Direct Synthesis of Ca‐ and Bi‐Encapsulated Derivatives.
Authors: Hayashi Akio , Haioka Terufumi , Takahashi Keita , Bassil Bassem S. , Kortz Ulrich , Sano Tsuneji , Sadakane Masahiro 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe effect of metal cations in reaction mixtures for the preparation of the title anion is investigated leading to large scale (27g) synthesis of (IV) with improved yield, and the encapsulation of Ca2+ and Bi3+.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Reductive Transformation of Nitro Compounds Using Formic Acid: Mild, Efficient, and Versatile.
Authors: Yu Lei , Zhang Qi , Li Shu‐Shuang , Huang Jun , Liu Yong‐Mei , He He‐Yong , Cao Yong 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe rutil‐supported gold catalyst enables the reduction and transformation of aryl and alkyl nitro compounds to anilines, N‐formylanilines, benzimidazoles, N,N‐dimethylanilines, amines, and N‐formylamines in excellent yields depending on stoichiometry and temperature and in the case of dimethylanilines concomitant high pressure hydrogenation.
ChemInform Abstract: The Cleavage of a C—C Bond in Cyclobutylanilines by Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis: Development of a [4 + 2] Annulation Method.
Authors: Wang Jiang , Zheng Nan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe Ir‐catalyzed photoreaction of cyclobutylanilines (I) with alkynes (II) provides access to a variety of arylamine‐substituted cyclohexenes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐OH‐TEMPO/TCQ/TBN/HCl: A Metal‐Free Catalytic System for Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Dong Yanli , Zhao Xiaomei , Liu Renhua 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe described catalytic system permits the selective aerobic oxidation of a wide range of both primary and secondary alcohols, which may also contain heteroatoms such as N and S or carbon‐carbon double bonds.
ChemInform Abstract: CFBSA: A Novel and Practical Chlorinating Reagent.
Authors: Lu Zehai , Li Qingwei , Tang Minghua , Jiang Panpan , Zheng Hao , Yang Xianjin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe fluorination of Chloramine B leads to the novel reagent CFBSA, which is successfully used for selective chlorination of a variety of carbonyl compounds, nitrogen‐containing aromatic heterocycles, anilines, and some other kinds of substrates (34 examples in all).
ChemInform Abstract: Product Control in Alkene Trifluoromethylation: Hydrotrifluoromethylation, Vinylic Trifluoromethylation, and Iodotrifluoromethylation Using Togni Reagent.
Authors: Egami Hiromichi , Usui Yoshihiko , Kawamura Shintaro , Nagashima Sayoko , Sodeoka Mikiko 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThree distinct products, e.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Remote Regiodivergent ortho‐ and meta‐C—H Functionalizations of Phenylethylamines.
Authors: Li Shangda , Ji Huafang , Cai Lei , Li Gang 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe title site selectivity control is achieved by using a cyanobenzoyl substituted amide as the directing group.
ChemInform Abstract: Room‐Temperature Decarboxylative Couplings of α‐Oxocarboxylates with Aryl Halides by Merging Photoredox with Palladium Catalysis.
Authors: Cheng Wan‐Min , Shang Rui , Yu Hai‐Zhu , Fu Yao 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe title reaction provides access to a series of aromatic and heteroaromatic ketones (III) and (VI) as well as amides (IX) in good yields and with high functional‐group compatibility.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Intermolecular Oxidative Cross‐Coupling of Enolates.
Authors: Amaya Toru , Maegawa Yusuke , Masuda Takaya , Osafune Yuma , Hirao Toshikazu 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSelective oxovanadium(V)‐induced cross‐coupling between boron and silyl enolates yields unsymmetrical 1,4‐diketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Calcium‐Catalyzed Direct Amidation of Carboxylic Esters.
Authors: Nguyen D. Thao , Lenstra Danny C. , Mecinovic Jasmin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe reaction works well with primary amines while secondary amines (e.g., piperidine, morpholine and N‐methylbenzylamine) do not undergo the amidation reaction.