bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical fiber infrastructure in‐service monitoring by reflectometry mixing
Authors: Pereira João A. , Madureira Miguel , André Paulo S. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTThe monitoring of the optical fiber infrastructure, especially within the intra‐office range, is an essential practice for the maintenance of high quality of service. The majority of the commonly available monitoring techniques carries high complexity and/or costs or is not suited to permanent fiber fault examination. In this article, it is proposed a novel low‐cost monitoring technique based on the back reflection of the Raman pump signal. We demonstrate, experimentally and recurring to Monte‐Carlo numerical simulation, that the histogram profile of the photodiode current produced by the reflected signal depends on the number of reflective events occurring in the intra‐office fiber section. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2828–2830, 2016
Mobile antenna design based on controlling current distributions
Authors: Kim Min‐Gi , Qu Longyue , Moon Sungjin , Kim Hyeongdong 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTIn this letter, an antenna design method based on control of current distribution is presented. By adjusting the current distributions using reactive elements, the antenna can couple differently with the ground plane, achieving different performances. When the antenna is located in the ground plane where the electric field is strong, monopole‐type current distributions are preferred to loop‐type current distributions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2937–2940, 2016
A study on performance improvement of RF transmitter IC using genetic algorithm
Authors: Isami Shodai , Kamata Takatsugu , Bae Jungnam , Tani Sadahiro , Wang Jun , Ohara Kenji , Matsuoka Toshimasa 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTIn RF transmitter (TX) IC having an offset‐QPSK modulation scheme, a sine wave of the transmission signal represented by a 12‐bit digital code generated through the genetic algorithm reduces the I/Q imbalance and the intermodulation distortion in the analog circuit of the TX. It was experimentally confirmed by using test ICs fabricated in a 130‐nm CMOS process. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2905–2912, 2016
High gain long‐read range AMC‐backed tag antenna for european UHF RFID applications
Authors: Hamzaoui Dahbia , Djahli Farid , Vuong Tan‐Phu , Quynh Van Hoang Thi , Kiani Ghaffer 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTA high gain long‐read range metamaterial tag antenna for European UHF RFID applications is proposed and analyzed. It consists of a meander dipole tag antenna backed by a spiral shaped artificial magnetic conductor to increase the tag gain and hence its reading distance. A realized gain of 6.39 dB is achieved, with a total efficiency of 90% at 868 MHz. The overall structure size is (0.59λ0 mm × 0.289 λ0 mm × 0.065 λ0 mm). Three measurement scenarios are considered: in an anechoic chamber, laboratory corridor, and outdoor. A maximum reading range of 35 m is achieved outdoor and up to 46 m in corridor with no degradation when mounted onto a metal sheet. Moreover, the minimum activation power of the tag when attached to the metal surface is half the one when mounted alone. Furthermore, the via‐less structure is low cost and easy to fabricate. It is suitable for applications where the tag profile is not a critical parameter such as moving vehicles, road tolls, railroad cars, parking garages, aircraft, and cargo containers. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2944–2948, 2016
15 GHz grid array antenna for 5G mobile communications system
Authors: Sani Yahya Muhammad , Rahim S.K.A. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTA compact grid array antenna implemented using FR4 substrate for 5G Mobile Communications at 15 GHz is presented. The antenna with dimensions of 49 mm × 58 mm × 1.6 mm has 23 radiating elements to provide high gain. It is excited using coaxial feeding technique. Measurement of the fabricated prototype for the simulated antenna was carried out. Both measured and simulated results agree with each other. The measured result shows that the antenna has achieved an impedance bandwidth of 14% from 13.8 GHz to 15.9 GHz with a gain of 14.4 dBi at 15.9 GHz. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2977–2980, 2016
Multiple‐mode‐based four‐way filtering‐response power divider with wide stopband and high fabrication tolerance
Authors: Song Kaijun , Li Xiaoyan , Fan Maoyu , Mo Yuxia , Fan Yong 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTA multiple‐mode‐based four‐way filtering‐response power divider with wide stopband and high fabrication tolerance is presented. The bandpass‐filtering response is implemented by using the cross shaped resonators. The direct coupling can make the divider have high fabrication tolerance. The equivalent even‐ and odd‐mode circuits of the power divider are analyzed and the design equations are derived. Finally, a 4‐way power divider is designed and fabricated. Simulated results are well confirmed by experiments. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2993–2996, 2016
Reduced field‐of‐view DWI with robust fat suppression and unrestricted slice coverage using tilted 2DRF excitation
Authors: Banerjee Suchandrima , Nishimura Dwight G. , Shankaranarayanan Ajit , Saritas Emine Ulku 
Published: September 2016

PurposeReduced field‐of‐view (rFOV) diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) using 2D echo‐planar radiofrequency (2DRF) excitation has been widely and successfully applied in clinical settings. The purpose of this work is to further improve its clinical utility by overcoming slice coverage limitations without any scan time penalty while providing robust fat suppression.Theory and MethodsDuring multislice imaging with 2DRF pulses, periodic sidelobes in the slice direction cause partial saturation, limiting the slice coverage. In this work, a tilting of the excitation plane is proposed to push the sidelobes out of the imaging section while preserving robust fat suppression. The 2DRF pulse is designed using Shinnar‐Le Roux algorithm on a rotated excitation k‐space. The performance of the method is validated via simulations, phantom experiments, and high in‐plane resolution in vivo DWI of the spinal cord.ResultsResults show that rFOV DWI using the tilted 2DRF pulse provides increased signal‐to‐noise ratio, extended coverage, and robust fat suppression, without any scan time penalty.ConclusionUsing a tilted 2DRF excitation, a high‐resolution rFOV DWI method with robust fat suppression and unrestricted slice coverage is presented. This method will be beneficial in clinical applications needing large slice coverage, for example, axial imaging of the spine, prostate, or breast. Magn Reson Med 76:1668–1676, 2016. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Delay discounting and utility for money or weight loss
Authors: Sze Y. Y. , Slaven E. M. , Bickel W. K. , Epstein L. H. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryObjectiveObesity is related to a bias towards smaller immediate over larger delayed rewards. This bias is typically examined by studying single commodity discounting. However, weight loss often involves choices among multiple commodities. To our knowledge, no research has examined delay discounting of delayed weight loss compared with other commodities.MethodsWe examined single commodity discounting of money and cross commodity discounting of money and weight loss in a sample of 84 adults with obesity or overweight statuses interested in weight loss. The exchange rate between money and weight loss was calculated, and participants completed two delay discounting tasks: money now versus money later and money now versus weight loss later.ResultsParticipants discounted weight loss more than money (p < 0.001). When participants were divided into those who preferred weight loss (n = 61) versus money (n = 23), those who preferred money over weight loss discounted weight loss even more than individuals that preferred weight loss (p = 0.003).ConclusionsGreater discounting of weight loss for those who preferred money suggest that idiosyncratic preferences are related to multiple commodity discounting, and greater discounting of weight loss across all participants provide insight on important challenges for weight control.
Measurement of hepatic insulin sensitivity early after the bypass of the proximal small bowel in humans
Authors: Miras A. D. , Herring R. , Vusirikala A. , Shojaee‐Moradi F. , Jackson N. C. , Chandaria S. , Jackson S. N. , Goldstone A. P. , Hakim N. , Patel A. G. , Umpleby A. M. , Le Roux C. W. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryObjectiveUnlike gastric banding or sleeve gastrectomy procedures, intestinal bypass procedures, Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass in particular, lead to rapid improvements in glycaemia early after surgery. The bypass of the proximal small bowel may have weight loss and even caloric restriction‐independent glucose‐lowering properties on hepatic insulin sensitivity. In this first human mechanistic study, we examined this hypothesis by investigating the early effects of the duodeno‐jejunal bypass liner (DJBL; GI Dynamics, USA) on the hepatic insulin sensitivity by using the gold standard euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp methodology.MethodSeven patients with obesity underwent measurement of hepatic insulin sensitivity at baseline, 1 week after a low‐calorie liquid diet and after a further 1 week following insertion of the DJBL whilst on the same diet.ResultsDuodeno‐jejunal bypass liner did not improve the insulin sensitivity of hepatic glucose production beyond the improvements achieved with caloric restriction.ConclusionsCaloric restriction may be the predominant driver of early increases in hepatic insulin sensitivity after the endoscopic bypass of the proximal small bowel. The same mechanism may be at play after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass and explain, at least in part, the rapid improvements in glycaemia.
No effect of Bt‐transgenic rice litter on the meiobenthos community in field ditches
Authors: Liu Yongbo , Jiang Wanxiang , Liang Yuyong , Zhao Caiyun , Li Junsheng 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe non‐target effect of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins in aquatic ecosystems is crucial to improve the present assessment of Bt‐transgenic plants, particularly where crops are cultivated near aquatic ecosystems. We conducted decomposition experiments during two growing seasons to determine the effects of Bt‐transgenic rice litter with and without insecticide application on the meiobenthos communities in a field ditch.RESULTSThe community composition of meiobenthos colonised on leaf litter was not significantly different between Bt and non‐Bt rice. The abundance of meiobenthos colonising leaves differed between insecticide application and control, and this insecticide effect interacted with rice type. No Bt toxin was detected in field ditch water. Leaf decomposition and nutrient content were comparable for both Bt and non‐Bt rice with or without insecticide application.CONCLUSIONBt‐transgenic rice litter had no effect on the meiobenthos community composition in field ditches, but the chronic persistence of transgenic litter in nature needs to be taken into account at large scales in aquatic ecosystems. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Depurated inversion method for orbital‐specific exchange potentials
Authors: Mendez Alejandra M. P. , Mitnik Darío M. , Miraglia Jorge E. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis work presents exchange potentials for specific orbitals calculated by inverting Hartree–Fock wavefunctions. This was achieved by using a Depurated Inversion Method. The basic idea of the method relies on the substitution of Hartree–Fock orbitals and eigenvalues into the Kohn–Sham equation. Through inversion, the corresponding effective potentials were obtained. Further treatment of the inverted potential should be carried on. The depuration is a careful optimization which eliminates the poles and also ensures the fullfilment of the appropriate boundary conditions. The procedure developed here is not restricted to the ground state or to a nodeless orbital and is applicable to all kinds of atoms. As an example, exchange potentials for noble gases and term‐dependent orbitals of the lower configuration of Nitrogen are calculated. The method allows to reproduce the input energies and wavefunctions with a remarkable degree of accuracy.
Itaconic Acid as an Environmentally Benign Catalyst in Efficient and Scalable Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones
Authors: Quadri Syed Aziz Imam , Das Tonmoy C , Malik M. Shaheer , Seddigi Zaki Shakir , Farooqui Mazahar 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAn environmentally benign, efficient and scalable approach for the synthesis of 3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐(1H)‐ones (DHPMs) is reported. The multi component one‐pot reaction is catalysed by either itaconic acid or its salt, which are non‐hazardous, readily available, mild and biodegradable with a simple workup procedure. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the use of itaconic acid as a catalyst in organic transformation. Diverse and new challenging DHPMs have been synthesized using this methodology in excellent yields and in addition the practicality of the method is demonstrated on multi gram level.
Fatty Acid de Novo Synthesis in Adult Intrauterine Growth‐Restricted Offspring, and Adult Male Response to a High Fat Diet
Authors: Yee Jennifer K. , Han Guang , Vega Juan , Lee Wai‐Nang P. , Ross Michael G. , Desai Mina 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIntrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) with rapid catch‐up growth leads to adult obesity and insulin resistance. We have previously shown that IUGR male rats demonstrated increased de novo fatty acid synthesis in the subcutaneous (SC) fat, but not the visceral fat, during the nursing period prior to the onset of obesity. Young IUGR females do not exhibit the same increase. We further hypothesized that in male IUGR offspring, de novo synthesis is a programmed intrinsic effect that persists to adulthood and does not suppress in response to a high fat diet. We measured fatty acid de novo synthesis in IUGR adult males (6 months) using deuterium‐enriched drinking water as a stable isotope tracer, then further studied the response after consumption of an isocaloric high fat diet. Baseline de novo synthesis in adult females was also studied at age 9 months. Males demonstrated increased baseline de novo synthesis in both SC fat and visceral fat. Correspondingly, SC and visceral fat protein expression of lipogenic enzymes acetyl‐coA carboxylase‐α (ACCα) and fatty acid synthase were upregulated. After the isocaloric high fat diet, de novo synthesis was suppressed such that no differences remained between the two groups, although, IUGR SC fat demonstrated persistently increased lipogenic protein expression. In contrast, de novo synthesis among adult females is not impacted in IUGR. In conclusion, enhancement of male IUGR SC fat de novo synthesis appears to be an early consequence of metabolic programming, whereas enhancement in visceral fat appears to be a later consequence.
Effects of pentoxifylline on oxidative stress in rats with abdominal compartment syndrome model
Authors: Eğin Seracettin , Açıksarı Kurtuluş , Ercan Gülçin , Aydın Fatih A. , Üstyol Esra Aycan , Eser Mediha , Tanrıverdi Gamze , Yanar Hakan Teoman 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Background
Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) causes severe pathology in the cardiovascular, renal and pulmonary systems. Recent studies showed that pentoxifylline (PTX) has effects on increasing tissue oxygenation, healing capillary refill and reducing superoxides and hydroxyl radicals by inhibiting xanthine oxidase. In this study, our aim was to study the effects of PTX on free oxygen radicals and oxidative damage in rats with ACS model.

Materials and methods
ACS model was created in 32 male Wistar-Albino-rats, which were randomized into one of the four study groups: Group A (n:8), having ACS; Group B (n:8), having ACS and receiving PTX (50 mg/kg/day) intraperitoneal for 10 days; Group C (n:8), receiving PTX (50 mg/kg/day) intraperitoneal for 10 days without having ACS; Group D (n:8), having no ACS and not receiving PTX. On the 11th day blood samples were collected to measure alanine-amino-acid-transferase (ALT) and aspartate-amino-acid-transferase (AST) in the heart, malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and glutathione (GSH) in the liver, lung and small bowel. Histopathologic injury scoring was done.

Results
Groups were compared in pairs. Group A compared to Group B: ALT increase, liver MDA, lung GSH and MPO decrease were statistically meaningful in Group B. Group A compared to Group C: ALT and liver MPO decrease and liver MDA increase were statistically meaningful in Group A. Group B compared to Group C: ALT increase, MDA and GSH decrease in the lung were statistically meaningful in Group B. Group B compared to Group D: ALT and MPO increase in the small bowel and MPO decrease in the lung were statistically meaningful in Group B. Group A had the highest histopathologic injury scoring.

Conclusion
Histopathologically confirmed pentoxifylline was effective in the treatment of ACS in these rat models.

Highlights
Clitorally Stimulated Orgasms are Associated with Better Control of Sexual Desire, and Not Associated with Depression or Anxiety, Compared with Vaginally Stimulated Orgasms
Authors: Prause Nicole , Kuang Lambert , Lee Peter , Miller Geoffrey 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionMost women report that clitoral stimulation is an integral aspect of their orgasm experience. Thus, recent claims that vaginal stimulation and vaginally generated orgasms are superior to clitoral stimulation and clitorally generated orgasms pathologize most women and maintain a clitoral vs vaginal dichotomy that might not accurately reflect the complexity of women's sexual experience.AimTo have women report on their experienced source of orgasm, including combinations of vaginal and clitoral stimulation, the solo or partnered context of the stimulation, and the intensity of the orgasms from different sources and to predict indicators of mental health and sexual health using the orgasm source.MethodsEighty-eight women 18 to 53 years old answered detailed questions about their usual and recent orgasm experiences, sexual history, depression, and anxiety. Then, they viewed a series of neutral and sexual films. They were instructed to increase or decrease their sexual arousal or respond “as usual” to the sexual films. They reported their sexual arousal after each film.Main Outcome MeasuresOutcomes assessed included mental health (depression and anxiety) and sexual health (orgasm quality, ability to regulate sexual response to sex films). Reported sexual arousal was analyzed for the regulation task.ResultsMost women (64%) reported that clitoral and vaginal stimulation contributed to their usual method of reaching orgasm. Women who reported that clitoral stimulation was primarily responsible for their orgasm reported a higher desire to self-stimulate and demonstrated greater control over their self-reported sexual arousal. The primary stimulation site for orgasm was unrelated to measurements of depression or anxiety despite sufficient statistical power.ConclusionMost women reported that clitoral and vaginal stimulation is important in orgasm. Women experience orgasms in many varied patterns, a complexity that is often ignored by current methods of assessing orgasm source. The reported source of orgasm was unrelated to orgasm intensity, overall sex-life satisfaction, sexual distress, depression, or anxiety. Women who reported primarily stimulating their clitoris to reach orgasm reported higher trait sexual drive and higher sexual arousal to visual sexual stimulation and were better able to increase their sexual arousal to visual sexual stimulation when instructed than women who reported orgasms primarily from vaginal sources.
Dolomite overgrowths suggest a primary origin of cone-in-cone
Authors: HOOKER JOHN N. , CARTWRIGHT JOE 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA long-debated aspect of cone-in-cone structures is whether the mineral aggregates composing the structure precipitated with their conical form (primary cone-in-cone), or whether the cones formed after precipitation (secondary cone-in-cone). A calcite deposit from the Cretaceous of Jordan bears all the defining characteristics of the structure. Trace dolomite within the sample supports the primary cone-in-cone hypothesis. The host sediment is a biosiliceous mudstone containing abundant rhombohedral dolomite grains. Dolomite rhombohedra are also distributed throughout the calcite of the cone-in-cone. The rhombohedra within the calcite locally have dolomite overgrowths that are aligned with calcite fibres. Evidence that dolomite co-precipitated with calcite, and did not replace calcite, includes (i) preferential downward extension of dolomite overgrowths, in the presumed growth-direction of the cone-in-cone, from the dolomite grains on which they nucleate, and (ii) planar, vertical borders between dolomite crystals and calcite fibres. Because dolomite overgrows host-sediment rhombohedra and forms part of the cones, it follows that the host-sediment was incorporated into the growing cone-in-cone as the calcite precipitated, and not afterward. The host-sediment was not injected into the cone-in-cone along fractures, as the secondary-origin theory suggests. This finding implies that cone-in-cone in general does not form over multiple stages, and thus has greater potential to preserve the chemical signature of its original precipitation.
Early Childhood Education and Care in England under Austerity: Continuity or Change in Political Ideas, Policy Goals, Availability, Affordability and Quality in a Childcare Market?
Authors: LEWIS JANE , WEST ANNE 
Published: September 2016

AbstractProvision of early childhood education and care (ECEC) in England is highly marketised. Since 2010, when the Labour Party lost power to a Conservative/Liberal Democrat Coalition, followed by a Conservative victory in 2015, there has been a strong austerity agenda. It is therefore surprising that ECEC has continued to be supported and expanded. However, we show that policies to address the three key issues of availability, affordability and quality have undergone significant incremental change in response to shifting emphases between the two main goals of increasing children's development and mothers' employment, together with a much firmer orientation towards the importance of growing the childcare market.