bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The pathology of the foreign body reaction against biomaterials
Authors: Klopfleisch R. , Jung F. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe healing process after implantation of biomaterials involves the interaction of many contributing factors. Besides their in vivo functionality, biomaterials also require characteristics that allow their integration into the designated tissue without eliciting an overshooting foreign body reaction (FBR). The targeted design of biomaterials with these features, thus, needs understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the FBR. Much effort has been put into research on the interaction of engineered materials and the host tissue. This elucidated many aspects of the five FBR phases, that is protein adsorption, acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, foreign body giant cell formation, and fibrous capsule formation. However, in practice, it is still difficult to predict the response against a newly designed biomaterial purely based on the knowledge of its physical–chemical surface features. This insufficient knowledge leads to a high number of factors potentially influencing the FBR, which have to be analyzed in complex animal experiments including appropriate data‐based sample sizes. This review is focused on the current knowledge on the general mechanisms of the FBR against biomaterials and the influence of biomaterial surface topography and chemical and physical features on the quality and quantity of the reaction. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 927–940, 2017.
Synthesis of novel quaternary silica hybrid bioactive microspheres
Authors: Angelopoulou A. , Efthimiadou E. Κ. , Kordas G. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPurposeTo survey the preparation of novel hybrid microspheres of quaternary silicate glassy composition (SiO2P2O5CaONa2O) and the prospect of using them as an osteogenic system with enhanced bioactive properties for the development of hydroxyapatite.MethodIn line with our previous synthetic procedure a two‐step process was followed, wherein polystyrene (PS) microspheres were prepared by the emulsifier free‐emulsion polymerization method and constituted the core for the sol–gel coating of the silicate inorganic shell. The development of the hybrid microspheres was based on silane and phosphate precursors and was assesses at different ratio of ethanol/water (of 9/1, 4/1, and 2/1, in mL) and at varied ammonia concentration of 4.8–1.0 mL.ResultsThe hybrid microspheres had an average size ranged between 350 and 550 nm according to SEM, depending on the ethanol/water solution rate and ammonia content. The final microspheres probably exhibited a porous‐like structure through the formation of diffused voids along with the low carbon content of the EDX analysis, which could be regulated by the catalyst content. The hybrid microspheres exhibited effective in vitro bioactivity assessed in simulated body fluids (SBF).ConclusionQuaternary hybrid silica microspheres were effectively synthesized. The bioassay evaluation of the final microspheres revealed the rapid in vitro formation of a bone‐like apatite layer. The results verify the bioactivity of the microspheres and promote further research of their suitability on regenerative treatment of bone abnormalities. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 112–120, 2018.
Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity But Not Sedentary Time Is Associated With Musculoskeletal Health Outcomes in a Cohort of Australian Middle-Aged Women
Authors: Wu Feitong , Wills Karen , Laslett Laura L , Oldenburg Brian , Jones Graeme , Winzenberg Tania 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Associations between physical activity and time spent sedentary and musculoskeletal outcomes remain unclear in middle-aged adults. This study aimed to describe associations between objectively-measured physical activity and sedentary time and musculoskeletal health outcomes in middle-aged women. This cross-sectional study from a population-based sample of 309 women (age 36 to 57 years) examined associations of total physical activity (accelerometer counts/min of wear time), and time spent sedentary, in light physical activities and moderate-to-vigorous physical activities (MVPA) (by Actigraph GT1M accelerometer) with lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) bone mineral density (BMD) (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), lower limb muscle strength (LMS), and functional mobility and balance tests (timed up and go test [TUG], functional reach test [FRT], lateral reach test [LRT], and step test [ST]) using linear regression. Total physical activity was beneficially associated with FN BMD (values are β; 95% CI) (0.011 g/cm2; 95% CI, 0.003 to 0.019 g/cm2), LMS (2.13 kg; 95% CI, 0.21 to 4.06 kg), and TUG (–0.080 s; 95% CI, –0.129 to –0.030 s), after adjustment for confounders. MVPA was also beneficially associated with FN BMD (0.0050 g/cm2; 95% CI, 0.0007 to 0.0094 g/cm2), LMS (1.48 kg; 95% CI, 0.45 to 2.52 kg), ST (0.12 steps; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.23 steps), and TUG (–0.043 s; 95% CI, –0.070 to –0.016 s). Associations between MVPA and LMS, TUG and ST persisted after further adjustment for sedentary time. Only TUG was associated with sedentary time, with a detrimental effect (0.075 s; 95% CI, 0.013 to 0.137 s) and this did not persist after further adjustment for MVPA. Light physical activity was not associated with any outcome. MVPA appears more important than light physical activity or sedentary time for many musculoskeletal outcomes in middle-aged women. This needs to be considered when developing interventions to improve habitual physical activity that aim to improve musculoskeletal health. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Hypercalcemia in Necrobiotic Xanthogranuloma: First Reported Case and Insight Into Treatment
Authors: Sfeir Jad G , Zogala Richard J , Popii Violeta B 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma (NXG) is a rare systemic and progressive granulomatous disease first described in 1980. Given no established first-line therapy, treatment focuses on the control of skin lesions and associated complications. Despite it being a granulomatous disease, NXG has not been associated with hypercalcemia. About 140 cases of NXG have been reported to date but, to our knowledge, this is the first case to be complicated by hypercalcemia. Our case confirms a granulomatous disease–mediated production of 1α-hydroxylase leading to increased synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and subsequent hypercalcemia. Based on this pathophysiology, we elected to start systemic glucocorticoids, titrated to clinical and metabolic response. Steroid-sparing agents need to be considered to avoid long-term complications but continue controlling this granulomatous disease. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Direct hydrodeoxygenation of algal lipids extracted from Chlorella alga
Authors: Nguyen Hoang SH , Mäki‐Arvela Päivi , Akhmetzyanova Uliana , Tišler Zdeněk , Hachemi Imane , Rudnäs Andre , Smeds Annika , Eränen Kari , Aho Atte , Kumar Narendra , Hemming Jarl , Peurla Markus , Murzin Dmitry Yu 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDHydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of Chlorella algal oil extracted with supercritical hexane and stearic acid as a model compound was investigated over several supported Ni and Mo2N–MoO2 catalysts in a semibatch reactor at 300 °C under 30 bar in the presence of hydrogen.RESULTSThe results showed that all catalysts were very active in HDO of stearic acid. With crude algal oil, a maximum conversion of lipids of 35% was found with an acidic Ni‐HY‐80 zeolite catalyst after 360 min. The main products in algal oil HDO were fatty acids; whereas maximally only 7% hydrocarbons were formed with Ni‐HY‐80. The main hydrocarbon products were formed via decarbonylation, as the hydrogenation/dehydration route was suppressed.CONCLUSIONSHydrodeoxygenation of crude Chlorella algal oil was demonstrated over nickel supported on beta zeolite and with a molybdenum oxide–nitride catalyst. Strong catalyst deactivation occurred for the former catalyst, whereas the latter retained its activity. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
The influence of ENSO on South American precipitation: simulation and projection in CMIP5 models
Authors: Tedeschi Renata G. , Collins Matthew 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper analyses the influence of different types of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events on South American precipitation under a climate change scenario. We use two sub‐selections of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models that have a good representation of teleconnections to the region, albeit with reduced magnitude anomalies. Comparing historical simulations and the RCP 8.5 scenario experiments, after removing the trend in the mean due climate change, the sub‐ensemble means show similar global sea surface temperature anomalies and South American precipitation anomaly patterns in the future. No robust changes in the pattern or magnitude of precipitation anomalies are found, despite significant ENSO‐related shifts in the Pacific basin, as highlighted in other studies. However, if the models are analysed individually, some show relatively strong changes in ENSO‐related precipitation anomalies for both canonical and Modoki events. We show that, in individual models, tropical teleconnection changes associated with ENSO are primarily driven by changes in the magnitude of ENSO‐related circulation but with no agreement on the sign. Increases in background moisture, which have been hypothesized to drive an intensification of ENSO‐related precipitation anomalies, are of secondary importance.
Extension of physical scaling method and its application towards downscaling climate model based near surface air temperature
Authors: Gaur Abhishek , Simonovic Slobodan P. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTPhysical scaling (SP) method is a statistical downscaling approach where model‐based climate data are downscaled taking into consideration large‐scale climate, elevation and land‐cover at the location of interest. In this study, the downscaling skills of an ensemble ofSPmethod and its variants and StatisticalDownScalingModel (SDSM) towards downscaling North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) temperature data are compared. Two downscaling approaches: direct and indirect, two versions:SPand surrounding pixel information and three functional forms: linear regression, quantile regression and generalized additive models are considered to prepare the method ensemble. To evaluate method performance, a leave‐one‐out cross‐validation approach is adopted. Results indicate thatSPmethod and its variants have comparable skill toSDSM. Further method skill is found to be only marginally influenced by the choice of method version and functional form, and considerably influenced by the choice of approach. The ensemble of models is thereafter used to downscale future air temperature projections made by a global climate model:FGOALS‐s2. It is found that downscaled future projections are most significantly influenced by the choice of version, followed by the choice of approach and the choice of functional form in the decreasing order of importance.
Climate change scenarios for Angola: an analysis of precipitation and temperature projections using four RCMs
Authors: Carvalho S. C. P. , Santos F. D. , Pulquério M. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTClimate change is expected to have a major impact on the world's environment, economy and society, especially in African countries such as Angola due to the dependence of many vital sectors on climate variability (e.g. agriculture) and their low adaptive capacity. With the advances in the availability of climate model data sets provided by programs such as the CORDEX, Angola can benefit from studies on future climate change using high‐spatial‐resolution data, which have previously been absent for this region. The purpose of this study is to analyse the projected changes in temperature and precipitation over Angola during the 21st century based on four regional climate models (RCMs). The spatial and temporal changes were analysed using a high‐ and medium‐low radiative forcing scenario to consider the uncertainty in greenhouse gas emissions. Changes in the average annual precipitation, average annual temperature and a drought index are studied for short‐, mid‐ and long‐term projections. Compared to the reference period, relevant changes are projected in temperature and precipitation indices for the different models under both emission scenarios. These changes include an increase in both the maximum and minimum temperature of up to 4.9 °C by the end of the century and an intensification of droughts. The precipitation projections are highly variable – increasing and decreasing – across the region and dependent on the RCMs. Despite these differences, the precipitation generally decreases over time (approximately −2% by 2100), with the southern region experiencing a stronger decrease in precipitation. Further investigation is needed to minimize projections uncertain, as the annual mean precipitation was overestimated by three of the RCMs (especially in the northern coastal units). Overall, these projected changes in climate can have important implications for the future of Angola, because they are expected to magnify existing problems, thus creating new risks for human and natural systems.
The effect of pH and amino acids on the formation of methylglyoxal in a glucose–amino acid model system
Authors: Yu Pei , Xu Xian‐Bing , Yu Shu‐Juan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDMethylglyoxal (MGO) as a α‐dicarbonyl compound not only affects food flavor and color but also contributes to the loss of nutrition and the generation of toxic compounds. The study was carried out using a glucose–amino acid model system with incubation at 120 °C to investigate the effect of amino acids and pH on the formation of MGO. MGO derivative (2‐methylquinoxaline) was detected by high‐performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector. Changes in glucose, amino acids and products such as acetic acid were tested using high‐performance anion exchange chromatography with an electrochemical detector or an electrical conductivity detector.RESULTSLysine and glycine had higher reactivity to form MGO and melanoidins than arginine and proline. More acetic acid was produced and a higher consumption of arginine was observed in glucose–arginine solution. Moreover, higher pH significantly accelerated the formation of MGO.CONCLUSIONAmino reactivity and pH were two important factors affecting the formation of MGO in the Maillard reaction. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Valorization of functional properties of extract and powder of olive leaves in raw and cooked minced beef meat
Authors: Aouidi Fathia , Okba Aicha , Hamdi Moktar 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDOlive leaves (OL), available in huge amounts from pruning, are known to be a useful source of biologically active compounds. This study investigated the potential application of OL as a supplement to minced beef meat in order to develop a functional product. The effect of OL extract or powder (100 and 150 µg phenols g−1 meat) on the quality and stability of raw and cooked meat during refrigerated storage was examined.RESULTSMicrowave drying at 600 W gave OL with the highest antioxidant quality (evaluated by TEAC/[phenols] (mg mg−1) and DPPH/[phenols] (mg mg−1)) compared with other methods. OL showed an ability to inhibit (P < 0.05) lipid oxidation (TBARS values (mg MDA kg−1) were reduced by 25–65%) and myoglobin oxidation (metmyoglobin production was 43–65% in control samples and 14–35% in treated samples). OL also improved the technological quality of the meat, decreasing (P < 0.05) storage loss (%) and defrosting loss (%) without affecting cooking loss (%) and Napole yield (%). Sensory properties were not modified by the added ingredient at the tested levels (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONOL (extract or powder) may have applications in the development of functional meat products of good technological quality that remain stable during storage. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Intratissue lymphovenous communications in the mechanism of action of vascularized lymph node transfer
Authors: Miranda Garcés María , Pons Gemma , Mirapeix Rosa , Masià Jaume 
Published: November 2016

Background and ObjectivesVascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT) as a surgical treatment for cancer‐related lymphedema has shown beneficial effects. The mechanism of action of this procedure involves lymphangiogenesis and lymphovenous communications (LVC) within the lymph nodes. We propose intratissue LVC as an additional element responsible for drainage of lymph to blood in the flap and examine this hypothesis in the current study.MethodsThis prospective study determined the passage of lymph to the venous system via intratissue LVC in 26 free flaps used for breast reconstruction. We evaluated whether fluorescence was positive in the pedicle vein after increasing time intervals following intradermal injection of indocyanine green (ICG) dye into the flaps using near infra‐red fluorescence lymphography.ResultsWe studied 26 free flaps, 22 deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flaps (84.6%), and 4 superior gluteal artery perforator (SGAP) flaps (15.4%). Fluorescence in the pedicle vein was positive in 22 of the 26 flaps (P = 0.000). The median time for fluorescence evaluation in the pedicle vein was 120 min.ConclusionsFluorescence in the pedicle vein after ICG intradermal injection indicates functional intratissue LVC in free flaps. J. Surg. Oncol. 2017;115:27–31. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gastric and small intestine gastrointestinal stromal tumors: Do outcomes differ?
Authors: Giuliano Katherine , Nagarajan Neeraja , Canner Joseph , Najafian Alireza , Wolfgang Christopher , Schneider Eric , Meyer Christian , Lennon Anne Marie , Johnston Fabian M. , Ahuja Nita 
Published: November 2016

Background and ObjectivesGastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Previous literature has suggested that small intestine GISTs are more aggressive than gastric GISTs. Our primary objective was to compare the outcomes of gastric and small intestine GISTs in the decade after approval of imatinib for treatment.MethodsThe SEER database was queried for cases of gastric and small intestine GIST between the years 2002 and 2012, using the ICD‐O‐3 histology code 8936. Survival analysis was performed using generalized gamma models for time to cause‐specific mortality (CSM).ResultsCSM was 14.0% for the 3,759 gastric GIST patients and 14.3% for the 1,848 small intestine GIST patients. Five‐year survival was 82.2% and 83.3% for gastric and small intestine patients, respectively. The number of diagnosed cases of GIST increased over the course of this study, especially for tumors <5 cm in size and in patients over age 50 years.ConclusionsIn this large nation‐wide study, we found that patients with gastric and small intestine GISTs had similar outcomes, in contrast to previous reports. The diagnosis of GIST has significantly increased in the last decade, which may reflect the increased recognition of this entity and frequent use of imaging. J. Surg. Oncol. 2017;115:351–357. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Distance‐based mixing models of δ18 and δ18 in a marsh‐lined estuary with multiple, distinct sources (Murderkill Estuary, Delaware, USA)
Authors: Fischer Sarah J. , York Joanna K. , Voynova Yoana G. , Ullman William J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe Murderkill Estuary (Delaware, USA) receives principally from its upland watershed and from a wastewater treatment facility. Due to disparate
sources, one‐dimensional salinity‐based mixing models were inadequate for describing distributions of
, δ15
, and δ18
. Distance‐based mixing models with multiple, spatially‐specified inputs were, therefore, applied to describe conservative mixing of these constituents and determine the extent to which biogeochemical reactions lead to non‐conservative behavior of
. These models closely matched Si observations in both winter and summer, consistent with high wastewater silicate loads and light limitation, and serve to validate modeling parameters for both seasons. A close fit of distance‐based models to estuarine
observations suggested a lack of uptake and fractionation in early winter. In the summer, modeled predictions of
, δ15
, and δ18
diverged from estuarine observations, particularly in the oligohaline and polyhaline regions, consistent with in situ nitrogen cycling or additional sources and sinks. Effluent from an adjacent marsh in the lower estuary contained
with low δ15
and δ18ONO3, low DO and high
concentrations in late summer. This data and previous studies of adjacent Delaware Bay suggest that reactions in marshes and Bay waters likely drove the non‐conservative behavior of
and its stable isotopes. Potential uncertainty in watershed discharge, however, limited explicit quantitation of
loss in the estuary. Nonetheless, distance‐based models are useful tools for the study of
, δ15
and δ18
distributions and cycling patterns in complex marsh‐lined estuaries with multiple
inputs.
The role of egg cannibalism for the Calanus succession in the Disko Bay, Western Greenland
Authors: Frank‐Gopolos Thomas , Friis Møller Eva , Gissel Nielsen Torkel 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe present study is the first to describe egg cannibalism in the key Arctic copepod species Calanus finmarchicus, Calanus glacialis, and Calanus hyperboreus. Initially, a series of staining experiments evaluated the application of Neutral Red for staining Calanus eggs. The method was effective and applied in subsequent feeding experiments, where adult females were incubated in bottles with their own eggs. The results showed that all Calanus spp. ingested C. finmarchicus and C. glacialis eggs. However, consumers showed a slight preference for C. finmarchicus eggs when incubated with those of both species. The addition of phytoplankton even at high concentrations did not decrease clearance rates for eggs, suggesting that the presence of alternative food does not afford eggs any protection from cannibalism. To evaluate the potential impact of egg cannibalism on the succession of the three species, we calculated and compared field egg mortality rates with potential egg clearance rates for the Calanus complex based on rates from the experiments. Our results show that in Disko Bay cannibalism by Calanus spp., even at its highest level just before the spring bloom, could only account for about 10% of observed in situ egg mortality, and much less for most of the season.