bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘You're never making just one decision’: exploring the lived experiences of ambulance Emergency Operations Centre personnel
Authors: Coxon Astrid , Cropley Mark , Schofield Pat , Start Kath , Horsfield Claire , Quinn Tom 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to explore the experiences of ambulance dispatch personnel, identifying key stressors and their impact on staff well-being.MethodsQualitative methodology was used. Nine semistructured interviews were conducted with National Health Service (NHS) ambulance Emergency Operations Centre (EOC) dispatch personnel in the UK between July and August 2014. Participants were asked about their experiences of the role, stress experienced and current strategies they use to deal with stress. Transcripts were analysed using an inductive, bottom-up thematic analysis.ResultsThree key themes were identified: (1) ‘How dispatch is perceived by others’, (2) ‘What dispatch really involves’ and (3) ‘Dealing with the stresses of dispatch’. All participants expressed pride in their work, but felt overloaded by the workload and undervalued by others. Several sources of additional stress, not directly related to the execution of their work, were identified, including the need to mentally unwind from work at the end of a shift. Participants were able to identify a number of ways in which they currently manage work-related stress, but they also suggested changes the organisation could put in place in order to reduce stress in the working environment.ConclusionsBuilding on existing theory on work stress and postwork recovery, it was concluded that EOC dispatch staff require greater support at work, including skills training to promote postshift recovery, in order to reduce the likelihood of sickness absence, and prevent work-related fatigue.
Plasma DNA methylation: a potential biomarker for stratification of liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Hardy Timothy , Zeybel Mujdat , Day Christopher P , Dipper Christian , Masson Steven , McPherson Stuart , Henderson Elsbeth , Tiniakos Dina , White Steve , French Jeremy , Mann Derek A , Anstee Quentin M , Mann Jelena 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveLiver biopsy is currently the most reliable way of evaluating liver fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Its inherent risks limit its widespread use. Differential liver DNA methylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) gene promoter has recently been shown to stratify patients in terms of fibrosis severity but requires access to liver tissue. The aim of this study was to assess whether DNA methylation of circulating DNA could be detected in human plasma and potentially used to stratify liver fibrosis severity in patients with NAFLD.DesignPatients with biopsy-proven NAFLD and age-matched controls were recruited from the liver and gastroenterology clinics at the Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. Plasma cell-free circulating DNA methylation of PPARγ was quantitatively assessed by pyrosequencing. Liver DNA methylation was quantitatively assessed by pyrosequencing NAFLD explant tissue, subjected to laser capture microdissection (LCM). Patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD) were also subjected to plasma DNA and LCM pyrosequencing.Results26 patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD were included. Quantitative plasma DNA methylation of PPARγ stratified patients into mild (Kleiner 1–2) and severe (Kleiner 3–4) fibrosis (CpG1: 63% vs 86%, p<0.05; CpG2: 51% vs 65% p>0.05). Hypermethylation at the PPARγ promoter of plasma DNA correlated with changes in hepatocellular rather than myofibroblast DNA methylation. Similar results were demonstrated in patients with ALD cirrhosis.ConclusionsDifferential DNA methylation at the PPARγ promoter can be detected within the pool of cell-free DNA of human plasma. With further validation, plasma DNA methylation of PPARγ could potentially be used to non-invasively stratify liver fibrosis severity in patients with NAFLD. Plasma DNA methylation signatures reflect the molecular pathology associated with fibrotic liver disease.
Diagnostics for pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Cudahy Patrick , Shenoi Sheela V 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of human suffering and mortality despite decades of effective treatment being available. Accurate and timely diagnosis remains an unmet goal. The HIV epidemic has also led to new challenges in the diagnosis of TB. Several new developments in TB diagnostics have the potential to positively influence the global campaign against TB. We aim to review the performance of both established as well as new diagnostics for pulmonary TB in adults, and discuss the ongoing challenges.
Arquitetura em Antonioni
Authors: Furtado Cláudio 
Published: March 2016

A análise aproxima a filmografia de Michelangelo Antonioni, principalmente os filmes Blow-up e Profissão repórter, com a arquitetura contemporânea através do pensamento do diretor e dos arquitetos do Team 10. O tratamento cromático dos filmes, assim como o despregamento das imagens com o enredo são similares às posturas do grupo de arquitetos que procuram uma nova linguagem para arquitetura. O estudo visa ampliar a abrangência da visão do arquiteto através da apropriação de processos de produção cultural de outras áreas.
Odiléa Toscano: design visual, espaços públicos e ensino
Authors: Goldchmit Sara Miriam , Santos Maria Cecília Loschiavo dos , Santos Luciene Ribeiro dos 
Published: March 2016

Representante da geração pioneira de arquitetos graduados na Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade de São Paulo, Odiléa Helena Setti Toscano (1934-2015) foi também docente da FAUUSP entre meados dos anos 1970 e o fim dos anos 1990, integrando o grupo de disciplinas de Programação Visual. Com senso estético apurado e traço de delicadeza inconfundível,Odiléa teve uma atuação marcante como artista gráfica, ainda pouco divulgada. Produziu desenhos, serigrafias, capas de livros, ilustrações para jornais e revistas e também projetos de painéis destinados a espaços arquitetônicos privados e públicos. Suas obras de maior visibilidade são os murais que realizou para diversas estações do Metrô de São Paulo. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar um panorama de sua biografia e de sua trajetória profissional, acadêmica e docente, de forma a colaborar com o registro e divulgação da obra desta arquiteta que ofereceu grande contribuição ao campo do design visual. O presente artigo visa também homenagear a atuação pioneira da arquiteta.
Enhancing Cardiac Rehabilitation With Stress Management Training
Authors: Blumenthal James A. , Sherwood Andrew , Smith Patrick J. , Watkins Lana , Mabe Stephanie , Kraus William E. , Ingle Krista , Miller Paula , Hinderliter Alan 
Published: March 2016

Background—
Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is the standard of care for patients with coronary heart disease. Despite considerable epidemiological evidence that high stress is associated with worse health outcomes, stress management training (SMT) is not included routinely as a component of CR.

Methods and Results—

One hundred fifty-one outpatients with coronary heart disease who were 36 to 84 years of age were randomized to 12 weeks of comprehensive CR or comprehensive CR combined with SMT (CR+SMT), with assessments of stress and coronary heart disease biomarkers obtained before and after treatment. A matched sample of CR-eligible patients who did not receive CR made up the no-CR comparison group. All participants were followed up for up to 5.3 years (median, 3.2 years) for clinical events. Patients randomized to CR+SMT exhibited greater reductions in composite stress levels compared with those randomized to CR alone (
P
=0.022), an effect that was driven primarily by improvements in anxiety, distress, and perceived stress. Both CR groups achieved significant, and comparable, improvements in coronary heart disease biomarkers. Participants in the CR+SMT group exhibited lower rates of clinical events compared with those in the CR-alone group (18% versus 33%; hazard ratio=0.49; 95% confidence interval, 0.25–0.95;
P
=0.035), and both CR groups had lower event rates compared with the no-CR group (47%; hazard ratio=0.44; 95% confidence interval, 0.27–0.71;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
CR enhanced by SMT produced significant reductions in stress and greater improvements in medical outcomes compared with standard CR. Our findings indicate that SMT may provide incremental benefit when combined with comprehensive CR and suggest that SMT should be incorporated routinely into CR.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00981253.
Mathematics Dynamic Assessment
Authors: Allsopp David H. , Kyger Maggie M. , Lovin LouAnn , Gerretson Helen , Carson Katie L. , Ray Sharon 
Published: March 2016

Ms. Carlisi teaches middle school mathematics for students who were retained at least 1 year and who were identified as at risk of failure in mathematics. About half of her class of 14 students has identified learning disabilities and/or emotional and behavioral difficulties. Ms. Carlisi worries constantly that she is not going to be able to help them “catch up” by the time they take the mandated state high-stakes standardized assessment. Ms. Carlisi knows her students need to build proficiency in fractions. Her students continue to demonstrate difficulties despite previous instruction. She decides to use Mathematics Dynamic Assessment (MDA) to help her students. MDA is an informal mathematics assessment process that integrates four research-supported assessment practices for struggling learners: Assessment of students' interests and experiences. Concrete-representational-abstract assessment within authentic contexts. Error pattern analyses. Flexible interviews. The MDA process provides teachers with important information about what students do and do not understand about foundational mathematics concepts, students' levels of understanding and abilities to express their understandings, and where students are in the learning sequence (frustration, instructional, mastery). The data collected through the MDA process provide teachers with an in-depth evaluation of their students' mathematical understandings and thinking that allows teachers to plan their instruction to address students' specific mathematical learning needs. Ms. Carlisi structures an MDA in the area of fractions with an emphasis on comparing fractions, an area in which her students demonstrate difficulty.
Cost avoidance from dose rounding biologic and cytotoxic antineoplastics
Authors: Vandyke Thomas H , Athmann Paul W , Ballmer Corey M , Kintzel Polly E 
Published: March 2016

Background To reduce product wastage, our institution allows automatic dose rounding of biologic and cytotoxic anticancer agents. The purpose of this project was to determine the actual annual cost avoidance due to pharmacist-managed automatic dose rounding of anticancer treatments. Methods Financial impact was assessed within the context of our departmental standard work which supports automatic dose rounding of biologic anticancer agents (±10%) and cytotoxic anticancer agents (±5%) to the nearest vial size for body surface area- or weight-based doses. Exclusions to automatic dose rounding include multiple dose vial products, pediatric orders, clinical trial drugs, and parenteral busulfan. The amount of cost avoidance for each rounded dose was determined using the product acquisition cost of the smallest available product amount. Data were collected from anticancer treatment orders for the fiscal year 1 July 2013 to 30 June 2014. Results A total of 6216 doses of anticancer drugs were checked for dose rounding during the period of data collection. Almost $200,000 in product acquisition cost was avoided with pharmacist-managed automatic dose rounding. Six different biologic products accounted for approximately 7% of the total doses analyzed and 78% of the cost avoidance. Fifteen drugs comprised the array of cytotoxic agents rounded. Approximately, 37% and 4% of the biologic and cytotoxic doses were rounded up to the vial size. Conclusion Routine dose rounding of biologic anticancer agents (±10%) and cytotoxic products (±5%) achieved cost avoidance through reduction of drug wastage at our institution.
European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guidelines for prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in immobile patients with acute ischaemic stroke
Authors: Dennis Martin , Caso Valeria , Kappelle L Jaap , Pavlovic Aleksandra , Sandercock Peter ,   For the European Stroke Organisation
Published: March 2016

Background Venous thromboembolism (VTE) including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism is a frequent complication in immobile patients with acute ischemic stroke. This guideline document presents the European Stroke Organisation guidelines for the prophylaxis of VTE in immobile patients with acute ischaemic stroke. Guidelines for haemorrhagic stroke have already been published. Methods A multidisciplinary group identified related questions and developed its recommendations based on evidence from randomised controlled trials using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. This guideline document was reviewed within the European Stroke Organisation and externally and was approved by the European Stroke Organisation Guidelines Committee and the European Stroke Organisation Executive Committee. Results We found mainly moderate quality evidence comprising randomised controlled trials and systematic reviews evaluating graduated compression stockings (GCS), intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) and prophylactic anticoagulation with unfractionated (UFH) and low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) and heparinoids, but no randomised trials evaluating neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NES). We recommend that clinicians should use IPC in immobile patients, but that they should not use GCS. Prophylactic anticoagulation with UFH (5000U ×2, or ×3 daily) or LMWH or heparinoid should be considered in immobile patients with ischaemic stroke in whom the benefits of reducing the risk of VTE is high enough to offset the increased risks of intracranial and extracranial bleeding associated with their use. Where a judgement has been made that prophylactic anticoagulation is indicated LMWH or heparinoid should be considered instead of UFH because of its greater reduction in risk of DVT, the greater convenience, reduced staff costs and patient comfort associated single vs. multiple daily injections but these advantages should be weighed against the higher risk of extracranial bleeding, higher drug costs and risks in elderly patients with poor renal function associated with LMWH and heparinoids. Conclusions IPC, UFH or LMWH and heparinoids can reduce the risk of VTE in immobile patients with acute ischaemic stroke but further research is required to test whether NES is effective. The strongest evidence is for IPC. Better methods are needed to help stratify patients in the first few weeks after stroke onset, by their risk of VTE and their risk of bleeding on anticoagulants.
Peripheral glucose levels and cognitive outcome after ischemic stroke—Results from the Munich Stroke Cohort
Authors: Zietemann Vera , Wollenweber Frank Arne , Bayer-Karpinska Anna , Biessels Geert Jan , Dichgans Martin 
Published: March 2016

Introduction The relationship between glucose metabolism and stroke outcome is likely to be complex. We examined whether there is a linear or non-linear relationship between glucose measures in the acute phase of stroke and post-stroke cognition, and whether altered glucose metabolism at different time intervals (long- and short-term before stroke, acute phase) is associated with cognitive outcome. Patients and methods In all, 664 consecutively recruited patients with acute ischemic stroke and without pre-stroke dementia were included in this prospective observational study. Blood samples were taken at admission and fasting on the first morning after stroke. Duration of diabetes was assessed by interview. Cognitive outcome was assessed by the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status 3 months post-stroke. Dose-response analyses were used to investigate non-linearity. Regression analyses were stratified by diabetes status and adjusted for relevant confounders. Results Cognitive status was testable in 422 patients (81 with diabetes). There was a non-linear relationship between both admission and fasting glucose levels and cognitive outcome. Lower glucose values were significantly associated with lower Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status scores 3 months post-stroke in patients without diabetes with a similar trend in diabetic patients. There was an inverse association between duration of diabetes and Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status scores (linear regression: −0.10 (95% confidence interval: −0.17 to −0.02) per year increase of diabetes duration), whereas HbA1c was not related to cognitive outcome. Results were supported by sensitivity analyses accounting for attrition. Conclusion Lower glucose levels in the acute phase of stroke are associated with worse cognitive outcome but the relationship is non-linear. Long-term abnormalities in glucose metabolism are also related to poor outcome but this is not the case for shorter term abnormalities. Altered glucose levels at different stages of stroke may affect stroke outcome through different pathways.
Cardiolipin-mediated procoagulant activity of mitochondria contributes to traumatic brain injury–associated coagulopathy in mice
Authors: Zhao Zilong , Wang Min , Tian Ye , Hilton Tristan , Salsbery Breia , Zhou Eric Z. , Wu Xiaoping , Thiagarajan Perumal , Boilard Eric , Li Min , Zhang Jianning , Dong Jing-fei 
Published: March 2016

Key PointsMitochondria were released from traumatically injured brain into systemic circulation and exposed CL on their surface. CL-exposed mitochondria are highly procoagulant and induced traumatic brain injury–associated coagulopathy.
Treatment of multiple myeloma with high-risk cytogenetics: a consensus of the International Myeloma Working Group
Authors: Sonneveld Pieter , Avet-Loiseau Hervé , Lonial Sagar , Usmani Saad , Siegel David , Anderson Kenneth C. , Chng Wee-Joo , Moreau Philippe , Attal Michel , Kyle Robert A. , Caers Jo , Hillengass Jens , San Miguel Jesús , van de Donk Niels W. C. J. , Einsele Hermann , Bladé Joan , Durie Brian G. M. , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Mateos María-Victoria , Palumbo Antonio , Orlowski Robert 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe International Myeloma Working Group consensus updates the definition for high-risk (HR) multiple myeloma based on cytogenetics Several cytogenetic abnormalities such as t(4;14), del(17/17p), t(14;16), t(14;20), nonhyperdiploidy, and gain(1q) were identified that confer poor prognosis. The prognosis of patients showing these abnormalities may vary with the choice of therapy. Treatment strategies have shown promise for HR cytogenetic diseases, such as proteasome inhibition in combination with lenalidomide/pomalidomide, double autologous stem cell transplant plus bortezomib, or combination of immunotherapy with lenalidomide or pomalidomide. Careful analysis of cytogenetic subgroups in trials comparing different treatments remains an important goal. Cross-trial comparisons may provide insight into the effect of new drugs in patients with cytogenetic abnormalities. However, to achieve this, consensus on definitions of analytical techniques, proportion of abnormal cells, and treatment regimens is needed. Based on data available today, bortezomib and carfilzomib treatment appear to improve complete response, progression-free survival, and overall survival in t(4;14) and del(17/17p), whereas lenalidomide may be associated with improved progression-free survival in t(4;14) and del(17/17p). Patients with multiple adverse cytogenetic abnormalities do not benefit from these agents. FISH data are implemented in the revised International Staging System for risk stratification.
A benchmark for microRNA quantification algorithms using the OpenArray platform
Authors: McCall Matthew N. , Baras Alexander S. , Crits-Christoph Alexander , Ingersoll Roxann , McAlexander Melissa A. , Witwer Kenneth W. , Halushka Marc K. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Background
Several techniques have been tailored to the quantification of microRNA expression, including hybridization arrays, quantitative PCR (qPCR), and high-throughput sequencing. Each of these has certain strengths and limitations depending both on the technology itself and the algorithm used to convert raw data into expression estimates. Reliable quantification of microRNA expression is challenging in part due to the relatively low abundance and short length of the miRNAs. While substantial research has been devoted to the development of methods to quantify mRNA expression, relatively little effort has been spent on microRNA expression.

Results
In this work, we focus on the Life Technologies TaqMan OpenArrayⓇ system, a qPCR-based platform to measure microRNA expression. Several algorithms currently exist to estimate expression from the raw amplification data produced by qPCR-based technologies. To assess and compare the performance of these methods, we performed a set of dilution/mixture experiments to create a benchmark data set. We also developed a suite of statistical assessments that evaluate many different aspects of performance: accuracy, precision, titration response, number of complete features, limit of detection, and data quality. The benchmark data and software are freely available via two R/Bioconductor packages, miRcomp and miRcompData. Finally, we demonstrate use of our software by comparing two widely used algorithms and providing assessments for four other algorithms.

Conclusions
Benchmark data sets and software are crucial tools for the assessment and comparison of competing algorithms. We believe that the miRcomp and miRcompData packages will facilitate the development of new methodology for microRNA expression estimation.
Systematic examination of
publicly-available information reveals the diverse and extensive corporate political
activity of the food industry in Australia
Authors: Mialon Melissa , Swinburn Boyd , Allender Steven , Sacks Gary 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Background
The political influence of the food industry, referred to as
corporate political activity (CPA), represents a potential barrier to the
development and implementation of effective public health policies for
non-communicable diseases prevention. This paper reports on the feasibility and
limitations of using publicly-available information to identify and monitor the
CPA of the food industry in Australia.

Methods
A systematic search was conducted for information from food
industry, government and other publicly-available data sources in Australia. Data
was collected in relation to five key food industry actors: the Australian Food
and Grocery Council; Coca Cola; McDonald’s; Nestle; and Woolworths, for the period
January 2012 to February 2015. Data analysis was guided by an existing framework
for classifying CPA strategies of the food industry.

Results
The selected food industry actors used multiple CPA strategies, with
‘information and messaging’ and ‘constituency building’ strategies most
prominent.

Conclusions
The systematic analysis of publicly-available information over a
limited period was able to identify diverse and extensive CPA strategies of the
food industry in Australia. This approach can contribute to accountability
mechanisms for NCD prevention.