bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of anatomical variation at the atlanto‐occipital articulation: morphometric resolution of commingled human remains within the repatriation documentation process
Authors: Dudar J. Christopher , Castillo Eric R. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWithin many institutional collections are skeletal and mummified human remains representing a part of our species’ adaptation and evolution to various biocultural environments. Archaeologically recovered individuals come from deep into our past, and possess information that provides insight into population history, genetics, diet, health and other questions relevant to all living peoples. Academic concerns have been raised regarding the reinterment of these collections due to the rise of the international repatriation movement, the passage of various laws and implementation of institutional policies. While all potential research questions cannot be anticipated, the proactive documentation of collections is one way to ensure primary data are maintained for future study. This paper explores developments in digitization technology that allow the archive of virtual copies of human remains, and an example of how anatomical and archaeological collections can be digitized towards pragmatic research goals. The anatomical variability of the human atlanto‐occipital (AO) articular surfaces was studied using non‐metric categorical shape, 2D measurement and 3D morphometric analyses to provide reference standards for the reassociation of individuals from commingled skeletal remains, such as found in some archaeological sites or forensic investigations including mass grave or mass disaster recovery scenes. Results suggest that qualitative shape observations and caliper‐derived measurements of the articulating AO condyles tend to display significant sexual dimorphism and biological ancestry‐related size and shape differences. Variables derived from a scanned 3D mesh, such as condylar angle and articular surface curvature, quantify biomechanical variation and display a stronger congruency within individuals. It is recommended that a two‐stage approach involving initial screening and identification of possible reassociation candidates is accomplished with a linear osteometric approach, followed by 3D laser scanning of the candidate joint surfaces for morphometric analyses to confirm reassociations when destructive DNA typing is not allowed or otherwise impractical due to cost or other resource restrictions.
Reliability and validity of a tool to measure the severity of tongue thrust in children: the Tongue Thrust Rating Scale
Authors: Serel Arslan S. , Demir N. , Karaduman A. A. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThis study aimed to develop a scale called Tongue Thrust Rating Scale (TTRS), which categorised tongue thrust in children in terms of its severity during swallowing, and to investigate its validity and reliability. The study describes the developmental phase of the TTRS and presented its content and criterion‐based validity and interobserver and intra‐observer reliability. For content validation, seven experts assessed the steps in the scale over two Delphi rounds. Two physical therapists evaluated videos of 50 children with cerebral palsy (mean age, 57·9 ± 16·8 months), using the TTRS to test criterion‐based validity, interobserver and intra‐observer reliability. The Karaduman Chewing Performance Scale (KCPS) and Drooling Severity and Frequency Scale (DSFS) were used for criterion‐based validity. All the TTRS steps were deemed necessary. The content validity index was 0·857. A very strong positive correlation was found between two examinations by one physical therapist, which indicated intra‐observer reliability (r = 0·938, P < 0·001). A very strong positive correlation was also found between the TTRS scores of two physical therapists, indicating interobserver reliability (r = 0·892, P < 0·001). There was also a strong positive correlation between the TTRS and KCPS (r = 0·724, P < 0·001) and a very strong positive correlation between the TTRS scores and DSFS (r = 0·822 and r = 0·755; P < 0·001). These results demonstrated the criterion‐based validity of the TTRS. The TTRS is a valid, reliable and clinically easy‐to‐use functional instrument to document the severity of tongue thrust in children.
Insomnia complaints in lean patients with obstructive sleep apnea negatively affect positive airway pressure treatment adherence
Authors: Eysteinsdottir Bjorg , Gislason Thorarinn , Pack Allan I. , Benediktsdottir Bryndís , Arnardottir Erna S. , Kuna Samuel T. , Björnsdottir Erla 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThe objective of this study was to evaluate the determinants of long‐term adherence to positive airway pressure treatment among patients with obstructive sleep apnea, with special emphasis on patients who stop positive airway pressure treatment within 1 year. This is a prospective long‐term follow‐up of subjects in the Icelandic Sleep Apnea Cohort who were diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea between 2005 and 2009, and started on positive airway pressure treatment. In October 2014, positive airway pressure adherence was obtained by systematically evaluating available clinical files (n = 796; 644 males, 152 females) with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (apnea–hypopnea index ≥15 events per h). The mean follow‐up time was 6.7 ± 1.2 years. In total, 123 subjects (15.5%) returned their positive airway pressure device within the first year, 170 (21.4%) returned it later and 503 (63.2%) were still using positive airway pressure. The quitters within the first year had lower body mass index, milder obstructive sleep apnea, less sleepiness, and more often had symptoms of initial and late insomnia compared with long‐term positive airway pressure users at baseline. Both initial and late insomnia were after adjustment still significantly associated with being an early quitter among subjects with body mass index <30 kg m−2, but not among those with body mass index ≥30 kg m−2. The prevalence of early quitters decreased significantly during the study period (2005–2009). Almost two‐thirds of patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea are positive airway pressure users after 7 years. Obesity level, obstructive sleep apnea severity and daytime sleepiness are important determinants of long‐term adherence. Symptoms of initial and late insomnia are associated with early quitting on positive airway pressure among non‐obese subjects.
Impact of sleep restriction versus idealized sleep on emotional experience, reactivity and regulation in healthy adolescents
Authors: Reddy Radhika , Palmer Cara A. , Jackson Christine , Farris Samantha G. , Alfano Candice A. 
Published: December 2016

SummarySleep loss is associated with affective disturbances and disorders; however, there is limited understanding of specific mechanisms underlying these links, especially in adolescence. The current study tested the effects of sleep restriction versus idealized sleep on adolescents’ emotional experience, reactivity and regulation (specifically cognitive reappraisal). Following 1 week of sleep monitoring, healthy adolescents (n = 42; ages 13–17 years) were randomized to 1 night of sleep restriction (4 h) or idealized sleep (9.5 h). The following day, adolescents provided self‐reports of affect and anxiety and completed a laboratory‐based task to assess: (1) emotional reactivity in response to positive, negative, and neutral images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS); and (2) ability to use cognitive reappraisal to decrease negative emotional responses. Large effects were observed for the adverse impact of sleep restriction on positive affect and anxiety as well as a medium‐sized effect for negative affect, compared to the idealized sleep condition. Subjective reactivity to positive and neutral images did not differ between the groups, but a moderate effect was detected for reactivity to negative images whereby sleep‐restricted teens reported greater reactivity. Across both sleep conditions, use of cognitive reappraisal down‐regulated negative emotion effectively; however, sleep restriction did not impact upon adolescents’ ability to use this strategy. These findings add to a growing body of literature demonstrating the deleterious effects of sleep restriction on aspects of emotion and highlight directions for future research in adolescents.
Therapy with ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir plus dasabuvir is effective and safe for the treatment of genotypes 1 and 4 hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in patients with severe renal impairment: A multicentre experience
Authors: Muñoz‐Gómez R. , Rincón D. , Ahumada A. , Hernández E. , Devesa M. J. , Izquierdo S. , Ortiz M. , Hernández‐Albujar A. , Fernández‐Rodríguez C. , Calvo M. , González R. , Lozano M. , Castellano G. , Fernández‐Vázquez I. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryLimited data are available on direct‐acting antivirals for treating hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in patients with severe renal impairment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir (OBV/PTV/r) ± dasabuvir (DSV) ± ribavirin (RBV) in patients with stage 4 or 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) and HCV genotype 1 or 4 infection in real clinical practice, and to investigate pharmacological interactions. This retrospective study included patients treated with OBV/PTV/r+DSV±RBV or OBV/PTV/r+RBV with CKD stage 4 (eGFR: 15‐29 mL/min/1.73m2) or 5 (eGFR<15 mL/min/1.73m2 or requiring dialysis) and HCV infection by genotypes 1 and 4 between April 2015 and October 2015 in nine Spanish centres. Sustained virological response at 12 weeks (SVR12) was assessed, and clinical and laboratory data, fibrosis stage, adverse events and pharmacological interactions were reported. Forty‐six patients were included: 10 (21.7%) had CKD stage 4 and 36 (78.2%) CKD stage 5. Seventeen (36.9%) had cirrhosis. SVR12 rate in the intention‐to‐treat population was 95.7%. Twenty‐one (45.6%) received RBV, which was discontinued in two (9.5%) patients. Anaemia (haemoglobin <10 g/dl) occurred in 12 patients (57.1%) with RBV vs 10 (40.0%) without RBV (P=.246). Renal function remained stable during antiviral therapy. Nine patients (19.5%) experienced serious adverse events unrelated to antiviral therapy. Concomitant medication was discontinued or modified in 41.3% of patients. In conclusion, the effectiveness of OBV/PTV/r±DSV±RBV in patients with CKD 4‐5 was similar to that observed in those with normal renal function and was not associated with severe adverse events.
Hybridization between a Euro‐Siberian (Vipera berus) and a Para‐Mediterranean viper (V. aspis) at their contact zone in western France
Authors: Guiller G. , Lourdais O. , Ursenbacher S. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWestern European vipers are well‐defined species with parapatric distributions that reflect contrasting thermal niches and climatic adaptations. Contact zones are usually narrow, coincide with steep ecological gradients and are associated with clear habitat segregation. Natural hybridization has been demonstrated between several species but has not been detected in others. The cold‐adapted adder (V. berus, subgenus Pelias) is not known to hybridize with the warm‐adapted aspic viper (V. aspis subgenus Vipera). For over 12 years, we have monitored sympatric populations of V. berus and V. aspis in western France where the two species exhibit very similar life cycles. We tested for possible hybridization because individuals with intermediate morphological traits have been reported in the past and were recently detected in the study population. Our results demonstrate that hybridization actually occurs and is directional since it involves females V. aspis viper and male V. berus in all analyzed cases. We discuss our results in the frame of previous findings on contact zones to evaluate in which conditions hybridization may occur.
Influence of cognitive function on quality of life in anorexia nervosa patients
Authors: Hamatani Sayo , Tomotake Masahito , Takeda Tomoya , Kameoka Naomi , Kawabata Masashi , Kubo Hiroko , Tada Yukio , Tomioka Yukiko , Watanabe Shinya , Inoshita Masatoshi , Kinoshita Makoto , Ohta Masashi , Ohmori Tetsuro 
Published: December 2016

AimThe purpose of this study was to elucidate determinants of quality of life (QOL) in anorexia nervosa (AN) patients.MethodsTwenty‐one female patients with AN participated in the study. QOL was assessed with the 36‐Item Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36), and cognitive function was evaluated using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Keio version, the Rey Complex Figure Test, and the Social Cognition Screening Questionnaire. Clinical symptoms were evaluated with the Beck Depression Inventory‐II, the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory‐Form JYZ (STAI‐JYZ), and the Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Inventory.ResultsThe Difficulty Maintaining Set score of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Keio version was negatively correlated to the SF‐36 Physical Component Summary. Scores of the Beck Depression Inventory‐II and the STAI‐JYZ State and Trait were negatively correlated to the SF‐36 Mental Component Summary (MCS), and the Central Coherence Index 30‐min Delayed Recall score of the Rey Complex Figure Test was positively correlated with the MCS. Stepwise regression analysis showed that the Difficulty Maintaining Set score was an independent predictor of the Physical Component Summary and scores for Central Coherence Index 30‐min Delayed Recall and the STAI‐JYZ Trait‐predicted MCS.ConclusionThese results suggest that not only trait anxiety but also poor central coherence and impaired ability to maintain new rule worsen AN patients’ QOL.
Is it permissible for a child with neurodevelopmental disabilities to be a living donor transplant candidate, but not a deceased donor candidate? Should donor source influence transplant center deliberations?
Authors: Wightman Aaron 
Published: December 2016

AbstractLimited data from surveys and highly publicized cases suggest that pediatric transplant providers and the public may use different standards when evaluating a potential transplant candidate with severe neurodevelopmental disabilities depending on whether a parent or other living donor has been identified. The purpose of this article is to explore the arguments in favor and against differing standards of candidacy for living and deceased donor transplants in pediatric solid organ transplantation using the example of children with severe neurodevelopmental disabilities. I conclude that donor source should not be a relevant consideration of pediatric transplant teams when considering the candidacy of a potential recipient.
Azacitidine as a bridge to allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in a pediatric patient with Fanconi anemia and acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Ding Hilda , Hashem Hasan , Cabral Linda , Rangarajan Hemalatha , Abusin Ghada , Lazarus Hillard M. , Abu‐Arja Rolla 
Published: December 2016

AbstractHCT is the definitive therapy for patients with FA and AML. Conventional cytotoxic agents cause potential DNA damage, and currently, there is no established regimen for these patients prior to HCT. A 13‐year‐old male with FA and refractory AML was given azacitidine, achieved morphologic remission and underwent HCT. At 95 days after HCT, he relapsed. Azacitidine along with DLI was used as first salvage therapy. Azacitidine was overall well tolerated with minimal side effects. In patients with AML and FA, azacitidine can be considered an alternative to conventional chemotherapy.
Tyr72 and Tyr80 are Involved in the Formation of an Active Site of a Luciferase of Copepod Metridia longa
Authors: Larionova Marina D. , Markova Svetlana V. , Vysotski Eugene S. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractLuciferase of copepod Metridia longa (MLuc) is a naturally secreted enzyme catalyzing the oxidative decarboxylation of coelenterazine with the emission of light. To date, three nonallelic isoforms of different lengths (17–24 kDa) for M. longa luciferase have been cloned. All the isoforms are single‐chain proteins consisting of a 17‐residue signal peptide for secretion, variable N‐terminal part and conservative C‐terminus responsible for luciferase activity. In contrast to other bioluminescent proteins containing a lot of aromatic residues which are frequently involved in light emission reaction, the C‐terminal part of MLuc contains only four Phe, two Tyr, one Trp and two His residues. To figure out whether Tyr residues influence bioluminescence, we constructed the mutants with substitution of Tyr to Phe (Y72F and Y80F). Tyrosine substitutions do not eliminate the ability of luciferase to bioluminescence albeit significantly reduce relative specific activity and change bioluminescence kinetics. In addition, the Tyr replacements have no effect on bioluminescence spectrum, thereby indicating that tyrosines are not involved in the emitter formation. However, as it was found that the intrinsic fluorescence caused by Tyr residues is quenched by a reaction substrate, coelenterazine, in concentration‐dependent manner, we infer that both tyrosine residues are located in the luciferase substrate‐binding cavity.
The Governance of Local Productive Systems: Co‐Ordination Problems Regarding Pyrotechnic Production in Tultepec, Mexico
Authors: Manuel Velázquez Durán Víctor , Rosales Ortega Rocío 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis paper examines the governance of local productive systems by articulating two fundamental concepts from geographical institutionalism: path dependency and contingency. We identify internal and external contingencies that have significantly impacted the development trajectory of pyrotechnic production in Tultepec, Mexico, giving rise to governance dynamics characterised by a lack of co‐ordination among local producer associations. Consequently, the main local institutional arrangements are controlled by particular interest groups. This limits the participation of local actors in defining national regulations relating to pyrotechnic production, resulting in a vertical/centralised law mainly defined by the state. We argue that improving the governance of the pyrotechnic productive system in Tultepec requires the co‐ordination of private and public actors at different territorial scales, in order to build up an inclusive regulatory framework which can take into consideration the diversity of local producers.
Shutting the Gates in South Africa: National Identification and Popular Attitudes towards Closing Borders to Immigration
Authors: Gordon Steven Lawrence 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMore than a hundred thousand people crisscross South Africa's international borders annually. Public opinion on this cross‐border migration is decidedly hostile. According to a 2013 opinion poll, more than three‐fifths of the adult population would favour closing the border. Can civic and ethnic identifications with the nation explain this opposition to immigration? Using data from the 12th (2013) round of the cross‐sectional South African Social Attitudes Survey (N= 2,739) this paper was able to investigate individual attitudes towards border control. This paper investigates different dimensions of national identity. The results revealed that ethnic national attachment was an important determinant of attitudes towards border control. Such attitudes were also associated with attitudes towards immigrant assimilation and the effect of nationalism on society. For those aiming to ameliorate public sentiment on border control, this study provides a test of multiple determinants of public opinion on the issue, examining the comparative strength of each.
Narrow and Broad Perspectives on Trade Policy and Trade Costs: How to Facilitate Trade in Madagascar
Authors: Ali Salamat , Milner Chris 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMadagascar is a high trade cost and relatively closed economy. The WTO's latest Trade Policy Review (TPR) for the country, like all TPRs, concentrates on border sources of trade costs, those induced by trade policy instruments such as tariffs or implicit taxes imposed by slow and costly customs procedures or trade documentation requirements. This narrow focus for trade policy and facilitation misses the substantive within‐and‐beyond‐the‐border sources of trade costs experienced by traders in a country like Madagascar. This paper illustrates the nature and significance of a narrow and broad view of trade costs and trade facilitation for this relatively remote and ‘internally land‐locked’ economy.
Effects of oral 3% hydrogen peroxide used as an emetic on the gastroduodenal mucosa of healthy dogs
Authors: Niedzwecki Alicia H. , Book Bradley P. , Lewis Kristin M. , Estep J. Scot , Hagan Joseph 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the extent of mucosal injury on the upper gastrointestinal tract following oral administration of 3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to induce emesis in normal dogs.DesignProspective clinical study.SettingSpecialty referral hospital.AnimalsSeven staff‐owned, healthy, adult dogs.InterventionsSix dogs were assigned to the H2O2 group and 1 dog was assigned as the apomorphine control. Dogs were anesthetized for gastroduodenoscopy with gross inspection and gastroduodenal biopsies at time 0 and 4 hours, 24 hours, 1 week, and 2 weeks following administration of oral 3% H2O2 or subconjunctival apomorphine. Gross esophageal, gastric, and duodenal mucosal lesion scoring was performed by 2 blinded, experienced scorers. Biopsy samples were evaluated histologically by a veterinary pathologist.Measurements and Main ResultsGrade I esophagitis was noted in 2 dogs at 4 hours and in 1 dog at 2 weeks, while grade III esophagitis was observed in 1 dog 1 week following H2O2 administration. At 4 hours, gastric mucosal lesions were visualized in all dogs, and lesions worsened by 24 hours. Mild to moderate duodenal mucosal lesions were visualized up to 24 hours after administration. Histopathology identified the most severe gastric lesions at 4 hours as hemorrhage; at 24 hours as degeneration, necrosis, and mucosal edema; and at 1 week as inflammation. By 2 weeks, most visual and histopathologic lesions were resolved. No histopathologic lesions were identified at any time point in the dog administered apomorphine.ConclusionsSignificant visual and histopathologic gastric lesions occurred following administration of 3% H2O2 in all dogs. Less severe visual duodenal lesions were identified. As compared to H2O2 dogs, minimal gross gastroduodenal lesions and normal histopathology were identified in the apomorphine control.