bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences of caring for a sibling with schizophrenia in a Chinese context: A neglected issue
Authors: Yang Cheng‐I , Hsieh Min‐Yun , Lee Li‐Hung , Chen Shu‐Ling 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAdult clients with schizophrenia are primarily cared for by their ageing parents. When the parents become ill or die, siblings are considered to be responsible for taking over the caregiving role. However, little is known about caregiving for a sibling with schizophrenia, and no studies have explored this phenomenon in an Asian context. The aim of the present descriptive, qualitative study was to understand the experiences of being the primary caregiver of a sibling with schizophrenia. Data were collected from 10 siblings of currently‐hospitalized patients diagnosed with schizophrenia using semistructured, in‐depth interviews. Recorded interviews were transcribed and analysed by qualitative content analysis. This analysis identified four themes: (i) stepping forward to become caregiver; (ii) challenges of caregiving; (iii) need for support; and (iv) worries about future care. Our findings suggest that mental health‐care professionals should involve all family members, including siblings, in the care plan for the person with schizophrenia, and provide appropriate psychoeducation for all family members to reduce not only the tension and stress of current caregiving, but also anxieties about future care.
Determining the Optimal Dose of Adenosine for Unmasking Dormant Pulmonary Vein Conduction Following Atrial Fibrillation Ablation: Electrophysiological and Hemodynamic Assessment. DORMANT‐AF Study
Authors: PRABHU SANDEEP , MACKIN VINCENT , MCLELLAN ALEX J.A. , PHAN TUONG , MCGLADE DESMOND , LING LIANG‐HAN , PECK KAH Y. , VOSKOBOINIK ALEXANDR , PATHIK BUPESH , NALLIAH CHRISHAN J. , WONG GEOFF R. , AZZOPARDI SONIA M. , LEE GEOFFREY , MARIANI JUSTIN , TAYLOR ANDREW J. , KALMAN JONATHAN M. , KISTLER PETER M. 
Published: October 2016

The DORMANT‐AF Study: Electrophysiological and Hemodynamic Assessment. DORMANT‐AF StudyIntroduction: Electrophysiological and Hemodynamic Assessment. DORMANT‐AF StudyThe significance of adenosine induced dormant pulmonary vein (PV) conduction in atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation remains controversial. The optimal dose of adenosine to determine dormant PV conduction is yet to be systematically explored.Methods and Results: Electrophysiological and Hemodynamic Assessment. DORMANT‐AF StudyConsecutive patients undergoing index AF ablation received 3 adenosine doses (12, 18, and 24 mg) in a randomized blinded order, immediately after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). Electrophysiological (PR prolongation, AV block (AVB) and PV reconnection) and hemodynamic (BP) parameters were measured. A total, 339 doses (113/dose) assessed 191 PVs in 50 patients (66% male, 72% PAF, 52% hypertensive). Dormant PV conduction occurred in 28% of patients (16.5% [32] of PVs). All cases were associated with AVB (AVB: PV reconnection vs. no PV reconnection 100% vs. 83%, P = 0.007). AVB occurred more frequently at 24 mg versus 12 mg (92% vs. 82%, P = 0.019) but not versus 18 mg (91%, P = 0.62). AVB duration progressed between 12 mg (12.0 ± 8.9 seconds), 18 mg (16.1 ± 9.1 seconds, P = 0.001), and 24 mg (19.0 ± 9.3 seconds, P < 0.001) doses. MBP fell further at 24 mg (ΔMBP: 27 ± 12 mmHg) and 18 mg (26 ± 13 mmHg) doses compared to 12 mg (22 ± 10 mmHg vs., P < 0.001). A significant reduction in AVB in patients >110 kg (65% vs. 91% in 70–110 kg group, P < 0.001) in response to adenosine was seen.Conclusion: Electrophysiological and Hemodynamic Assessment. DORMANT‐AF StudyAn adenosine dose producing AVB is required to unmask dormant PV conduction. AVB is significantly reduced in patients >110 kg. Weight and dosing variability may in part explain the conflicting results of studies evaluating the clinical utility of adenosine in PVI.
Do EU Member States Apply Food Standards Uniformly? A Look at Fruit and Vegetable Safety Notifications
Authors: Tudela‐Marco Lorena , Garcia‐Alvarez‐Coque Jose Maria , Martí‐Selva Luisa 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe hypothesis that six EU Member States show a common behaviour on the implementation of food safety standards on fruit and vegetables imports is examined. To do so, we analyzed food border notifications recorded by the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF). Path dependence and reputation effects of past border notifications were explored for the whole period 2001–13, and for sub‐periods 2001–07 and 2008–13. Negative binomial (NB) and zero‐inflated negative binomial (ZINB) distributions were used to deal with over‐dispersion and excess of zero counts. Our findings suggest that the EU cannot be considered as a single unit when non‐tariff measures are studied, although there are some signs that Member State behaviour is becoming more uniform in the most recent period.
Molecular Detection of Stripe Rust Resistance Gene(s) in 115 Wheat Cultivars (lines) from the Yellow and Huai River Valley Wheat Region
Authors: Li Qian , Wang Baotong , Chao Kaixiang , Guo Juan , Song Jianrong , Yue Weiyun , Li Qiang 
Published: October 2016

AbstractStripe rust (yellow rust), caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (Pst), is a serious disease of wheat worldwide, including China. Growing resistant cultivars is the most cost‐effective and environmentally friendly approach to control the disease. To assess the stripe rust resistance in commercial wheat cultivars and advanced lines in the Yellow and Huai River Valley Wheat Region, 115 wheat cultivars (lines) collected from 13 provinces in this region were evaluated with the most prevalent Chinese Pst races CYR32, CYR33 and the new race V26 at seedling stage. In addition, these wheat entries were inoculated with the mixed races of CYR32 and CYR33 at the adult‐plant stage in the field. The results indicated that 53 (46.1%) cultivars (lines) had all‐stage resistance to all the three races, and 16 (13.9%) cultivars (lines) showed adult‐plant resistance. The possible stripe rust resistance genes in these entries were postulated by the closely linked markers of all‐stage resistance genes Yr5, Yr9, Yr10, Yr15 and Yr26 and adult‐plant resistance gene Yr18. Molecular analysis indicated that resistance genes Yr5, Yr9, Yr10, Yr18 and Yr26 were found in 5 (4.3%), 38 (33.0%), 1 (0.9%), 2 (1.7%) and 8 (7.0%) entries, respectively. No entry was found to carry the Yr15 gene. In future breeding programs, Yr5, Yr15 and Yr18 should be used to pyramid with other effective genes to develop wheat cultivars with high‐level and durable resistance to stripe rust, whereas Yr9, Yr10 and Yr26 should not be used or used in a limited way due to the virulent races present in China.
Red Light Increases Suppression of Downy Mildew in Basil by Chemical and Organic Products
Authors: Patel Jaimin S. , Zhang Shouan , McGrath Margaret T. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBasil is an economically important herb in the United States and in the world. Recent epidemics of basil downy mildew, caused by Peronospora belbahrii, have significantly affected basil production in the United States. ProPhyt (potassium phosphite), Actigard (acibenzolar‐S‐methyl) and Organocide (sesame oil) were evaluated in the greenhouse in the presence or absence of red light for their effects on the severity of downy mildew and sporangial production by P. belbahrii. Red light at intensity of 12 μmol photons/m2/s significantly (P < 0.05) reduced severity of downy mildew in basil. ProPhyt‐treated basil plants had the lowest disease severity irrespective of red light exposure. Basil plants treated with Actigard and Organocide under red light had significantly lower disease severity compared to plants under dark conditions with the same fungicide treatments 14 and 13 days after inoculation (DAI) in experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Red light significantly reduced AUDPC in the treatments of Actigard and Organocide in both experiments. Basil plants treated with Actigard and Organocide under red light had significantly reduced number of P. belbahrii sporangia than those under dark conditions receiving the same fungicide treatments. This is the first report demonstrating red light in combination with Actigard and Organocide for improved management of downy mildew in greenhouse‐grown basil.
Manganese Phosphite in Coffee Defence against Hemileia vastatrix, the Coffee Rust Fungus: Biochemical and Molecular Analyses
Authors: Monteiro Ana Cristina Andrade , de Resende Mário Lúcio Vilela , Valente Thaís Cainã Teixeira , Ribeiro Junior Pedro Martins , Pereira Vanessa Foresti , da Costa Josineide Rodrigues , da Silva Joyce Alves Goulart 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPhosphites (Phi) are inorganic salts of phosphorous acid that have been used as resistance elicitors to activate mechanisms underlying plant defence. This study assessed the effectiveness of manganese phosphite (MnPhi) for the management of rust (Hemileia vastatrix) on coffee seedlings. The effect of this compound on the induction of resistance was also measured by the expression of defence‐related genes such as POX (peroxidase), CAT (catalase), GLU (β‐1.3‐glucanase) and PAL (phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase) and by the activity of defence enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO). Foliar sprayings of MnPhi on coffee seedlings provided 63% control of rust severity. This compound induced defence responses in seedlings with increased transcription of genes POX, CAT, GLU and PAL in non‐inoculated plants and increased activity of APX, SOD and PPO enzymes in plants inoculated with H. vastatrix and in non‐inoculated plants. It is suggested that MnPhi can induce resistance in coffee seedlings.
Identification and Characterization of two new Fungal Pathogens of Polygonatum odoratum (Angular Solomon's seal) in Italy
Authors: Karimi Kaivan , Khodaei Sima , Rota‐Stabelli Omar , Arzanlou Mahdi , Pertot Ilaria 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPolygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce (Angular Solomon's seal) is a well‐known ornamental plant and herbal drug, which is used in traditional medicine. Severe leaf spots were observed in wild Angular Solomon's seal plants in a public park in Trento, Italy. A combination of morphological and molecular characteristics, including sequence data of ITS‐rDNA, large subunit (LSU), beta tubulin (TUB) and glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) led to identification of two species, namely Phoma odoratissimi and Colletotrichum dematium s. str., isolated from these leaf spots. Pathogenicity of the isolates was confirmed on wounded leaves of Po. odoratum; indeed, both species induced leaf spot symptoms on inoculated leaves within 10 days of inoculation. This is the first report of leaf spot disease caused by Ph. odoratissimi and C. dematium s. str. on Po. odoratum, which can be considered a new host for both the species examined in this study. In addition, isolation of Ph. odoratissimi represents a new record for the mycobiota of Italy.
Diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease affects expression of major cytochrome P450 genes in a mouse model
Authors: Chiba Tsuyoshi , Noji Keiko , Shinozaki Shohei , Suzuki Sachina , Umegaki Keizo , Shimokado Kentaro 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Objectives
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with impaired liver function, and resveratrol could suppress NAFLD progression. This study examined the effects of NAFLD on the expression of major cytochrome P450 (CYP) subtypes in the liver and whether the expression could be attenuated by resveratrol.

Methods
C57BL/6 mice (male, 10 weeks of age) were fed a high-fat and high-sucrose (HFHS) diet to induce NAFLD. Major Cyp subtype mRNA expression in the liver was measured by real-time RT-PCR.

Key findings
Body and liver weights at 4 and 12 weeks were significantly higher in mice fed the HFHS diet compared with control. The HFHS diet significantly increased the accumulation of cholesterol and triglycerides at 12 weeks. Under this condition, the HFHS diet increased the expression of Cyp1a2 and decreased that of Cyp3a11 at 1 week and thereafter. On the other hand, Cyp1a1, 2b10 and 2c29 mRNA expression levels in the liver were significantly increased at 12 weeks only. Resveratrol (0.05% (w/w) in diet) slightly suppressed lipid accumulation in the liver, but failed to recover impaired Cyp gene expression levels in NAFLD.

Conclusions
Drug metabolism may be impaired in NAFLD, and each Cyp subtype is regulated in a different manner.
Morningness–eveningness and daytime functioning in university students: the mediating role of sleep characteristics
Authors: Bakotic Marija , Radosevic‐Vidacek Biserka , Koscec Bjelajac Adrijana 
Published: October 2016

SummaryThe aim of this study was to explore the mediating role of sleep characteristics in the relationship between morningness–eveningness and three different aspects of daytime functioning: daytime sleepiness, depressive mood and substance use in university students. A multiple mediator model was proposed with sleep debt, poor sleep quality and bedtime delay at weekends as parallel mediators in these relationships. We analysed the data of 1052 university students aged 18–25 years who completed a modified version of the School Sleep Habits Survey, which included questions on sleep and the Composite Scale of Morningness, Sleepiness Scale, Depressive Mood Scale and Substance Use Scale. Students with more pronounced eveningness reported greater daytime sleepiness, greater depressive mood and more frequent substance use, as well as greater sleep debt, poorer sleep quality and greater bedtime delay at weekends. Mediation analyses indicated that morningness–eveningness affected daytime sleepiness and substance use both directly and indirectly through all proposed sleep‐related mediators. However, the effect of morningness–eveningness on depressive mood was entirely indirect and was accounted for more by poor sleep than by sleep debt or bedtime irregularity. In conclusion, there are multiple possible mechanisms through which morningness–eveningness affects daytime functioning in university students, and sleep characteristics are a significant mechanism. Sleep debt, poor sleep quality and bedtime irregularity can, to a significant extent, explain the feeling of daytime sleepiness and greater substance use in students with eveningness preferences. However, more depressed mood in the evening‐orientated students is primarily a consequence of their poor sleep quality.
Chromosomal inversions and ecotypic differentiation in Anopheles gambiae: the perspective from whole‐genome sequencing
Authors: Love R. Rebecca , Steele Aaron M. , Coulibaly Mamadou B. , Traore Sékou F. , Emrich Scott J. , Fontaine Michael C. , Besansky Nora J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe molecular mechanisms and genetic architecture that facilitate adaptive radiation of lineages remain elusive. Polymorphic chromosomal inversions, due to their recombination‐reducing effect, are proposed instruments of ecotypic differentiation. Here, we study an ecologically diversifying lineage of Anopheles gambiae, known as the Bamako chromosomal form based on its unique complement of three chromosomal inversions, to explore the impact of these inversions on ecotypic differentiation. We used pooled and individual genome sequencing of Bamako, typical (non‐Bamako) An. gambiae and the sister species Anopheles coluzzii to investigate evolutionary relationships and genomewide patterns of nucleotide diversity and differentiation among lineages. Despite extensive shared polymorphism and limited differentiation from the other taxa, Bamako clusters apart from the other taxa, and forms a maximally supported clade in neighbour‐joining trees based on whole‐genome data (including inversions) or solely on collinear regions. Nevertheless, FST outlier analysis reveals that the majority of differentiated regions between Bamako and typical An. gambiae are located inside chromosomal inversions, consistent with their role in the ecological isolation of Bamako. Exceptionally differentiated genomic regions were enriched for genes implicated in nervous system development and signalling. Candidate genes associated with a selective sweep unique to Bamako contain substitutions not observed in sympatric samples of the other taxa, and several insecticide resistance gene alleles shared between Bamako and other taxa segregate at sharply different frequencies in these samples. Bamako represents a useful window into the initial stages of ecological and genomic differentiation from sympatric populations in this important group of malaria vectors.
Metastatic pathways in patients with cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Adler Nikki R. , Haydon Andrew , McLean Catriona A. , Kelly John W. , Mar Victoria J. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryMetastasis represents the end product of an elaborate biological process, which is determined by a complex interplay between metastatic tumour cells, host factors and homoeostatic mechanisms. Cutaneous melanoma can metastasize haematogenously or lymphogenously. The three predominant models that endeavour to explain the patterns of melanoma progression are the stepwise spread model, the simultaneous spread model and the model of differential spread. The time course to the development of metastases differs between the different metastatic routes. There are several clinical and histopathological risk factors for the different metastatic pathways. In particular, patient sex and the anatomical location of the primary tumour influence patterns of disease progression. There is limited existing evidence regarding the relationship between tumour mutation status, other diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and the metastatic pathways of primary cutaneous melanoma. This knowledge gap needs to be addressed to better identify patients at high risk of disease recurrence and personalize surveillance strategies.
Long‐term follow up of hospitalized pediatric anorexia nervosa restricting type
Authors: Tasaka Keiji , Matsubara Kousaku , Takamiya Shizuo , Ishikawa Shin‐ichi , Iwata Aya , Nigami Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundInformation on long‐term follow up of childhood‐onset anorexia nervosa is scarce. This study investigated long‐term (>10 years) course, outcome and prognostic factors for hospitalized childhood‐onset anorexia nervosa restricting type (ANR).MethodsForty‐one ANR girls admitted to a single regional center participated. Median age at first admission was 13.3 years (range, 8.6–15.6 years). The longitudinal clinical course was retrospectively determined for a median follow‐up period of 17.1 years (range, 10.4–21.1 years). We analyzed physical, psychological, and social variables to predict partial remission (PR) and full remission (FR).ResultsThe completion rate of follow up >10 years was high at 97%. At final evaluation (n = 38), distribution of prognosis was as follows: FR, n = 27 (71%); PR, n = 6 (16%); and non‐remission, n = 5 (13%). The cumulative ratio of PR and FR increased during the first 5–6 years, and gradually reached a plateau at around 10 years. More than 10 years after the onset, one patient eventually achieved FR, and one patient died. Seven patients were rehospitalized and two died due to suicide during the entire follow up. On multivariate analysis, family disorders/problems rating score was a significant predictor of PR and FR.ConclusionsThis study included hospitalized ANR children aged ≤15 years, the youngest cohort ever reported. Long‐term prognosis is generally favorable, but the mortality rate was 5%. Careful long‐term follow up >10 years is needed to evaluate outcome of childhood‐onset ANR, and family therapy is important in high‐risk patients with family disorders/problems.
Presence of sucrose in the vitrification solution and exposure for longer periods of time improve post‐warming follicle integrity in cat ovarian tissues
Authors: Mouttham L , Comizzoli P 
Published: October 2016

ContentsOvarian tissue cryopreservation followed by tissue culture is a promising approach to preserving the fertility of biomedical models and endangered species. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of exposure time to vitrification solution and presence of sucrose using different exposure temperatures and base media on intra‐ovarian follicle integrity. Peripubertal ovarian cortical pieces were obtained by isolating the cortex and dissecting it into 1 × 1 × 0.2 mm3 pieces. The cortical pieces were then exposed to equilibration solution and then vitrification solutions (VS) in one of the conditions mentioned above, plunged directly into liquid nitrogen and stored for ≥24 hr in liquid nitrogen. After thawing, the cortical pieces were cultured in vitro for 0, 1 or 7 days to determine the follicle integrity (through histological assessment) and the ability of the tissue to recover from cryoinjury. Fresh controls maintained a constant level of normal morphology (>60% of the total follicles) throughout the culture period. Cortical pieces exposed to VS with sucrose for 10 min had the highest percentage of normal follicles (approximately 20% after 7 days of culture) throughout the culture period. Other conditions using different base medium, lower exposure temperatures or different thawing methods did not improve the follicle integrity. This protocol provides a solid foundation on which to optimize ovarian tissue cryopreservation in the domestic cat and to investigate the molecular effects of vitrification.
Intensive point‐of‐care ultrasound training with long‐term follow‐up in a cohort of Rwandan physicians
Authors: Henwood Patricia C. , Mackenzie David C. , Rempell Joshua S. , Douglass Emily , Dukundane Damas , Liteplo Andrew S. , Leo Megan M. , Murray Alice F. , Vaillancourt Samuel , Dean Anthony J. , Lewiss Resa E. , Rulisa Stephen , Krebs Elizabeth , Raja Rao A. K. , Rudakemwa Emmanuel , Rusanganwa Vincent , Kyanmanywa Patrick , Noble Vicki E. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectiveWe delivered a point‐of‐care ultrasound training programme in a resource‐limited setting in Rwanda, and sought to determine participants' knowledge and skill retention. We also measured trainees' assessment of the usefulness of ultrasound in clinical practice.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study of 17 Rwandan physicians participating in a point‐of‐care ultrasound training programme. The follow‐up period was 1 year. Participants completed a 10‐day ultrasound course, with follow‐up training delivered over the subsequent 12 months. Trainee knowledge acquisition and skill retention were assessed via observed structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) administered at six points during the study, and an image‐based assessment completed at three points.ResultsTrainees reported minimal structured ultrasound education and little confidence using point‐of‐care ultrasound before the training. Mean scores on the image‐based assessment increased from 36.9% (95% CI 32–41.8%) before the initial 10‐day training to 74.3% afterwards (95% CI 69.4–79.2; P < 0.001). The mean score on the initial OSCE after the introductory course was 81.7% (95% CI 78–85.4%). The mean OSCE performance at each subsequent evaluation was at least 75%, and the mean OSCE score at the 58‐week follow up was 84.9% (95% CI 80.9–88.9%).ConclusionsPhysicians providing acute care in a resource‐limited setting demonstrated sustained improvement in their ultrasound knowledge and skill 1 year after completing a clinical ultrasound training programme. They also reported improvements in their ability to provide patient care and in job satisfaction.