bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preprocedural High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease Undergoing Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Zanchin Thomas , Räber Lorenz , Koskinas Konstantinos C. , Piccolo Raffaele , Jüni Peter , Pilgrim Thomas , Stortecky Stefan , Khattab Ahmed A. , Wenaweser Peter , Bloechlinger Stefan , Moschovitis Aris , Frenk Andre , Moro Christina , Meier Bernhard , Fiedler Georg M. , Heg Dik , Windecker Stephan 
Published: June 2016

Background—
Cardiac troponin detected by new-generation, highly sensitive assays predicts clinical outcomes among patients with stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) treated medically. The prognostic value of baseline high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) elevation in SCAD patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary interventions is not well established. This study assessed the association of preprocedural levels of hs-cTnT with 1-year clinical outcomes among SCAD patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods and Results—

Between 2010 and 2014, 6974 consecutive patients were prospectively enrolled in the Bern Percutaneous Coronary Interventions Registry. Among patients with SCAD (n=2029), 527 (26%) had elevated preprocedural hs-cTnT above the upper reference limit of 14 ng/L. The primary end point, mortality within 1 year, occurred in 20 patients (1.4%) with normal hs-cTnT versus 39 patients (7.7%) with elevated baseline hs-cTnT (
P
<0.001). Patients with elevated hs-cTnT had increased risks of all-cause (hazard ratio 5.73; 95% confidence intervals 3.34–9.83;
P
<0.001) and cardiac mortality (hazard ratio 4.68; 95% confidence interval 2.12–10.31;
P
<0.001). Preprocedural hs-TnT elevation remained an independent predictor of 1-year mortality after adjustment for relevant risk factors, including age, sex, and renal failure (adjusted hazard ratio 2.08; 95% confidence interval 1.10–3.92;
P
=0.024). A graded mortality risk was observed across higher tertiles of elevated preprocedural hs-cTnT, but not among patients with hs-cTnT below the upper reference limit.

Conclusions—
Preprocedural elevation of hs-cTnT is observed in one fourth of SCAD patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention. Increased levels of preprocedural hs-cTnT are proportionally related to the risk of death and emerged as independent predictors of all-cause mortality within 1 year.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02241291.
Circulating Levels of IL‐6 Receptor and gp130 and Long‐Term Clinical Outcomes in ST‐Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ritschel Vibeke N. , Seljeflot Ingebjørg , Arnesen Harald , Halvorsen Sigrun , Eritsland Jan , Fagerland Morten W. , Andersen Geir Ø. 
Published: June 2016

Background

Reports on soluble interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) receptor (
sIL
‐6R) and glycoprotein 130 (sgp130) in
ST
‐elevation myocardial infarction (
STEMI
) are few and include a small number of patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association between levels of these biomarkers in the acute phase of
STEMI
and future cardiovascular events.

Methods and Results

Circulating
IL
‐6, sgp130,
sIL
‐6R, and C‐reactive protein (
CRP
) were measured in 989
STEMI
patients during 2007–2011, and cardiovascular events were recorded during follow‐up. The primary endpoint was composite of all‐cause mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, unscheduled revascularization, or rehospitalization for heart failure. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (
HRs
) for cardiovascular events in relation to biomarker levels. Median levels of
sIL
‐6R, sgp130,
IL
‐6, and
CRP
measured 24 hours (median) after symptom onset were 39.2 ng/mL, 240 ng/mL, 18.8 pg/mL, and 13.7 mg/L, respectively. During a median follow‐up time of 4.6 years, 200 patients (20.2%) experienced a primary endpoint, and 82 patients (8.3%) died. Patients with
sIL
‐6R levels in the upper quartile (>47.7 ng/mL) had significantly higher risk of future adverse events (primary endpoint) and mortality compared to patients with lower levels (adjusted
HR
, 1.54 [1.08, 2.21];
P
=0.02 and 1.81 [1.04, 3.18];
P
=0.04, respectively). Neither
IL
‐6 nor sgp130 levels were related to future events, but patients with
CRP
levels in the upper quartile (>31.5 mg/L) had higher risk of death.

Conclusion

High levels of
sIL
‐6R were associated with future cardiovascular events and mortality in
STEMI
patients, suggesting an important role of the
IL
‐6 signaling system.
High‐Fat‐Diet Intake Enhances Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy and Cognitive Impairment in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease, Independently of Metabolic Disorders
Authors: Lin Bowen , Hasegawa Yu , Takane Koki , Koibuchi Nobutaka , Cao Cheng , Kim‐Mitsuyama Shokei 
Published: June 2016

Background
The high‐fat Western diet is postulated to be associated with the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the role of high‐fat‐diet consumption in AD pathology is unknown. This study was undertaken to examine the role of high‐fat‐diet intake in AD.

Methods and Results

5XFAD mice, a useful mouse model of AD, and control wild‐type mice were fed (1) high‐fat diet or (2) control diet for 10 weeks. The effects on cerebral AD pathology, cognitive function, and metabolic parameters were compared between each group of mice. High‐fat diet significantly enhanced cerebrovascular β‐amyloid (Aβ) deposition (
P
<0.05) and impaired cognitive function (
P
<0.05) in 5XFAD mice, but not in wild‐type mice. High‐fat diet enhanced hippocampal oxidative stress (
P
<0.05) and NADPH oxidase subunits, gp91
phox
(
P
<0.01) and p22
phox
(
P
<0.01) in 5XFAD mice, but not in wild‐type mice. Furthermore, high‐fat diet reduced cerebral occludin (
P
<0.05) in 5XFAD mice, but not in wild‐type mice. Thus, 5XFAD mice exhibited greater susceptibility to high‐fat diet than wild‐type mice regarding cerebrovascular injury and cognitive impairment. On the other hand, 5XFAD mice fed high‐fat diet exhibited much less increase in body weight, white adipose tissue weight, and adipocyte size than their wild‐type counterparts. High‐fat diet significantly impaired glucose tolerance in wild‐type mice but not in 5XFAD mice. Thus, 5XFAD mice had much less susceptibility to high‐fat‐diet‐induced metabolic disorders than wild‐type mice.

Conclusions
High‐fat diet, independently of metabolic disorders, significantly promotes the progression of AD‐like pathology through enhancement of cerebral amyloid angiopathy and oxidative stress.
Change in Angina Symptom Status After Acute Myocardial Infarction and Its Association With Readmission Risk: An Analysis of the Translational Research Investigating Underlying Disparities in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients' Health Status (TRIUMPH) Registry
Authors: Doll Jacob A. , Tang Fengming , Cresci Sharon , Ho P. Michael , Maddox Thomas M. , Spertus John A. , Wang Tracy Y. 
Published: June 2016

Background

Angina is common both before and after myocardial infarction (
MI
). Whether the change in angina status within the first 30 days after
MI
is associated with subsequent readmission and angina persistence is unknown.

Methods and Results

We studied 2915
MI
patients enrolled at 24 hospitals in the Translational Research Investigating Underlying Disparities in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients’ Health Status (TRIUMPH) registry. Angina before and 30 days after
MI
was assessed with the Seattle Angina Questionnaire. Patients were divided into angina‐free pre‐ and post‐
MI
(−/−), resolved angina (+/−), new angina (−/+), and persistent angina (+/+) groups. Multivariable proportional hazards and hierarchical modified Poisson models were performed to assess the association of each group with all‐cause readmission, readmission for
MI
or unplanned revascularization, and angina persistence at 1 year. Overall, 1293 patients (44%) had angina before their
MI
and 849 (29%) reported angina within 30 days of discharge. Patients with post‐
MI
angina were more likely to be younger, nonwhite, and uninsured. Compared with patients who were angina‐free pre‐ and post‐
MI
, 1‐year all‐cause readmission risks were significantly higher for patients with persistent angina (hazard ratio [
HR
], 1.35; 95%
CI
1.06–1.71) or new angina (
HR
, 1.40; 95%
CI
, 1.08–1.82). At 1 year, angina was present in 22% of patients and was more likely if angina was persistent (
HR
, 3.55; 95% CI, 3.05–4.13) or new (
HR
, 3.38; 95% CI, 2.59–4.42) at 30 days compared with patients who were angina‐free pre‐ and post‐
MI
.

Conclusions

Post‐
MI
angina, whether new or persistent, is associated with higher likelihood of readmission. Prioritizing post‐
MI
angina management is a potential means of improving 1‐year outcomes.
Minnesota Resuscitation Consortium's Advanced Perfusion and Reperfusion Cardiac Life Support Strategy for Out‐of‐Hospital Refractory Ventricular Fibrillation
Authors: Yannopoulos Demetris , Bartos Jason A. , Martin Cindy , Raveendran Ganesh , Missov Emil , Conterato Marc , Frascone R. J. , Trembley Alexander , Sipprell Kevin , John Ranjit , George Stephen , Carlson Kathleen , Brunsvold Melissa E. , Garcia Santiago , Aufderheide Tom P. 
Published: June 2016

Background

In 2015, the Minnesota Resuscitation Consortium (MRC) implemented an advanced perfusion and reperfusion life support strategy designed to improve outcome for patients with out‐of‐hospital refractory ventricular fibrillation/ventricular tachycardia (
VF
/
VT
). We report the outcomes of the initial 3‐month period of operations.

Methods and Results

Three emergency medical services systems serving the Minneapolis–St. Paul metro area participated in the protocol. Inclusion criteria included age 18 to 75 years, body habitus accommodating automated Lund University Cardiac Arrest System (
LUCAS
) cardiopulmonary resuscitation (
CPR
), and estimated transfer time from the scene to the cardiac catheterization laboratory of ≤30 minutes. Exclusion criteria included known terminal illness, Do Not Resuscitate/Do Not Intubate status, traumatic arrest, and significant bleeding. Refractory
VF
/
VT
arrest was defined as failure to achieve sustained return of spontaneous circulation after treatment with 3 direct current shocks and administration of 300 mg of intravenous/intraosseous amiodarone. Patients were transported to the University of Minnesota, where emergent advanced perfusion strategies (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation;
ECMO
), followed by coronary angiography and primary coronary intervention (
PCI
), were performed, when appropriate. Over the first 3 months of the protocol, 27 patients were transported with ongoing mechanical
CPR
. Of these, 18 patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
ECMO
was placed in 83%. Seventy‐eight percent of patients had significant coronary artery disease with a high degree of complexity and 67% received
PCI
. Seventy‐eight percent of patients survived to hospital admission and 55% (10 of 18) survived to hospital discharge, with 50% (9 of 18) achieving good neurological function (cerebral performance categories 1 and 2). No significant
ECMO
‐related complications were encountered.

Conclusions

The
MRC
refractory
VF
/
VT
protocol is feasible and led to a high functionally favorable survival rate with few complications.
Aporcella charidemiensis sp. n. (Dorylaimida: Aporcelaimidae) from the southern Iberian Peninsula, with comments on the phylogeny of the genus
Authors: Álvarez-Ortega Sergio , Peña-Santiago Reyes 
Published: June 2016

Aporcella charidemiensis sp. n. is described from the southern Iberian Peninsula. It is characterised by its 1.38-1.81 mm long body, lip region offset by constriction and 16-17 μm broad, odontostyle 12-13 μm long with aperture occupying 65-73% of its length, 354-420 μm long neck, pharyngeal expansion 164-212 μm long or 46-51% of total neck length, uterus a simple tube-like structure 79-155 μm long or 1.7-3.0 times the corresponding body diam., pars refringens vaginae absent, transverse vulva (V = 53-62), convex conoid tail (24-35 μm, c = 46-69, c′ = 0.8-1.1), 59-63 μm long spicules, and 7-10 irregularly spaced ventromedian supplements bearing a hiatus. The analyses of LSU-DNA sequences of the new species confirm the previous results regarding the phylogeny of the genus Aporcella.
Spatial Patterns and Frequency of Unforced Decadal-Scale Changes in Global Mean Surface Temperature in Climate Models
Authors: Middlemas Eleanor A. , Clement Amy C. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The causes of decadal time-scale variations in global mean temperature are currently under debate. Proposed mechanisms include both processes internal to the climate system as well as external forcing. Here, the robustness of spatial and time scale characteristics of unforced (internal) decadal variability among phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) preindustrial control runs is examined. It is found that almost all CMIP5 models produce an interdecadal Pacific oscillation–like pattern associated with decadal variability, but the frequency of decadal-scale change is model dependent. To assess the roles of atmosphere and ocean dynamics in producing decadal variability, two preindustrial control Community Climate System model (version 4) configurations are compared: one with an atmosphere coupled to a slab ocean and the other fully coupled to a dynamical ocean. Interactive ocean dynamics are not necessary to produce an IPO-like pattern but affect the magnitude and frequency of the decadal changes primarily by impacting the strength of El Niño–Southern Oscillation. However, low-frequency El Niño–Southern Oscillation variability and skewness explains up to only 54% of the spread in frequency of decadal swings in global mean temperature among CMIP5 models; there may be other internal mechanisms that can produce such diversity. The spatial pattern of decadal changes in surface temperature are robust and can be explained by atmospheric processes interacting with the upper ocean, while the frequency of these changes is not well constrained by models.
Would Private Sector be Inclined to Take up Initiatives to Address Water Crisis in India?
Authors: Rao Purba H , Jain Sharad K , Millin Alan 
Published: June 2016

Executive Summary In the years to come, India will be highly vulnerable to the impacts of rising sea level, floods and droughts, water pollution, and the associated health hazards. In addition to the severe effect of water-related concerns on health and heat stress, water scarcity problems would also impact generation of electricity, both in hydel and thermal power sectors, industrial production, which often requires large volumes of water, and irrigation, which again is highly water-based. To address such severe concerns in the realm of unavailability of water in desired quantity and quality, many industry initiatives have been implemented. However, the challenge is huge and full industry participation in this endeavour is still awaited in India. Private sector participation would be a relevant and much-needed initiative to the cause of water management in the country. However, the inclination of private sector in taking up such initiatives has not been ascertained yet. Therefore, an empirical academic research was undertaken to determine (a) if there is an awareness in private sector in India with regard to existence and impacts of water crisis and (b) if such awareness would lead to voluntary participation on the part of private sector. A research instrument in the form of survey questionnaire was administered on a population of practising managers across the country. Thereafter, structural equation modelling was carried out to analyse the data, thus, obtained. The research concludes that there is significant awareness that (a) water crisis does exist in India, (b) there is a possibility of spread of disease due to water stress, and that (c) private sector could help in recycling, treatment of wastewater, and conservation initiatives. Further, the research also shows a significant link between awareness about disease impacts due to water stress and propensity to support individual initiatives. The awareness that private sector could help in recycling and treatment of wastewater and in conservation initiatives would lead to voluntary participation of private sector both in the organizational capacity as well as in managers taking up individual initiatives.
Short-term effects of greater occipital nerve blocks in chronic migraine: A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Cuadrado María L , Aledo-Serrano Ángel , Navarro Patricia , López-Ruiz Pedro , Fernández-de-las-Peñas César , González-Suárez Inés , Orviz Aida , Fernández-Pérez Cristina 
Published: June 2016

Background Greater occipital nerve (GON) blocks are widely used for the treatment of headaches, but quality evidence regarding their efficacy is scarce. Objective The objective of this article is to assess the short-term clinical efficacy of GON anaesthetic blocks in chronic migraine (CM) and to analyse their effect on pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) in different territories. Participants and methods The study was designed as a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Thirty-six women with CM were treated either with bilateral GON block with bupivacaine 0.5% ( n = 18) or a sham procedure with normal saline ( n = 18). Headache frequency was recorded a week after and before the procedure. PPT was measured in cephalic points (supraorbital, infraorbital and mental nerves) and extracephalic points (hand, leg) just before the injection (T0), one hour later (T1) and one week later (T2). Results Anaesthetic block was superior to placebo in reducing the number of days per week with moderate-or-severe headache (MANOVA; p = 0.027), or any headache ( p = 0.04). Overall, PPTs increased after anaesthetic block and decreased after placebo; after the intervention, PPT differences between baseline and T1/T2 among groups were statistically significant for the supraorbital (T0–T1, p = 0.022; T0–T2, p = 0.031) and infraorbital sites (T0–T1, p = 0.013; T0–T2, p = 0.005). Conclusions GON anaesthetic blocks appear to be effective in the short term in CM, as measured by a reduction in the number of days with moderate-to-severe headache or any headache during the week following injection. GON block is followed by an increase in PPTs in the trigeminal area, suggesting an effect on central sensitisation at the trigeminal nucleus caudalis. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02188394).
Time Trends in Emergency Department Visits for Suicide-Related Behaviours by Girls and Boys in Alberta
Authors: Newton Amanda S. , Rosychuk Rhonda J. , Carlisle Corine E. , Zhang Xuechen , Bethell Jennifer , Rhodes Anne E. 
Published: June 2016

Objective: In Canada, emergency departments (EDs) are a frontline setting for treating suicide-related behaviours (SRBs) among adolescents, yet description of national trends in ED SRB visits is lacking. We determined whether the SRB incidence rate and method patterns between 2002 and 2010 previously shown for Ontario adolescents were also experienced in Alberta. Method: A retrospective, population-based study of ED visits for SRBs (self-poisoning or self-injury, irrespective of suicidal intent) by 12- to 17-year-olds was conducted using administrative health care data from 104 EDs across Alberta, Canada. Incidence rates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated and graphed. Rate ratios (RRs) comparing rates between time periods (2002-2005 and 2006-2010) and corresponding 95% CIs were estimated. Changes in SRB methods were also described. The time periods chosen were based on published Ontario trends. Results: Decreases in yearly incidence rates levelled off after 2005. Crude RRs indicated a rate decrease in 2006 to 2010 for boys (RR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.90) and girls (RR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95). From 2002 to 2010, the proportion of SRB visits for self-poisoning decreased (girls, –13%; boys, –10%) while visits for self-cutting increased (girls, +13%; boys, +14%). Conclusions: Alberta trends were similar to those previously published for Ontario. Determining if the trends and observed changes are associated with mental health care access or availability and/or provincial suicide prevention strategies would contextualize these findings and could shape future prevention efforts. Lack of identification of suicidal intent and exclusion of fatal SRB are limitations of the current study.
Social work students’ reflections on challenges during field education
Authors: Rehn Malin , Kalman Hildur 
Published: June 2016

Summary Field education is a key curriculum component in social work programmes. Students as well as researchers have identified this learning experience as central to the students’ transition to practice. This article reports on a qualitative study with the aim of analysing social work students’ narratives of their experiences during field education in order to elucidate their reasoning with regard to the challenges presented by unique clients and their contexts, along with their objectives set in the service user situation. The narratives of 23 social work students in Sweden describing a sum total of 46 problematic and unproblematic situations during field education were analysed, revealing circumstances that according to the students had either aggravated or facilitated professional action. Findings The experiences of being overwhelmed by emotions and of having too much latitude in the interpretation of principles and guidelines were experienced as aggravating circumstances, whereas having knowledge of legislation and clear guidelines to follow was experienced as facilitating client interaction and as providing a sense of security with the professional role. The analysis also revealed differing levels and scope of ambition with regard to the objectives set in the service user situation. Applications Our results demonstrate the importance of furthering students’ articulation of and active reflection on their interpretation of guidelines and legislation, and on their own setting of objectives specific to the individual cases and on how these objectives relate to the value base of social work.