bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC) in the management of sepsis
Authors: Iba Toshiaki , Helms Julie , Levy Jerrold H. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe mortality rate of sepsis remains high and further increases when complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Consequently, early detection and appropriate management of DIC will be helpful for the management of sepsis. Although overt DIC criteria are often used for diagnosing definitive DIC, it was not designed to detect early-phase DIC. The criteria and scoring system for sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC) were developed and introduced in 2017 to detect early-stage DIC, and they were subsequently adopted by the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis in 2019. The objective of detecting SIC was not to miss the patients at high risk of developing overt DIC at an earlier time. Although anticoagulant therapies are potential options for the treatment of sepsis-associated DIC, their effectiveness has not been established, and further research is warranted. For that purpose, an international collaborative platform is required for future clinical trials, and SIC criteria have been suggested for such studies. Calculating the SIC score is straightforward and suitable for use in clinical settings. This review aims to introduce SIC criteria and its scoring system for better management of sepsis-associated DIC. We also intended to update the current knowledge regarding this novel diagnostic criterion.
The genetic relationship between human and pet isolates: a core genome multilocus sequence analysis of multidrug-resistant bacteria
Authors: Genath Antonia , Hackmann Carolin , Denkel Luisa , Weber Anna , Maechler Friederike , Kola Axel , Schwarz Stefan , Gastmeier Petra , Leistner Rasmus 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The global increase of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) is one of the most urgent public health threats affecting both humans and animals. The One Health concept emphasizes the interconnectedness of human, animal and environmental health and highlights the need for integrated approaches to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Although the sharing of environments and antimicrobial agents between companion animals and humans poses a risk for MDRO transmission, companion animals have been studied to a lesser extent than livestock animals. This study therefore used core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) to investigate the genetic relationships and putative transmission of MDROs between humans and pets.

Methods
This descriptive integrated typing study included 252 human isolates, 53 dog isolates and 10 cat isolates collected from 2019 to 2022 at the Charité University Hospital in Berlin, Germany. CgMLST was performed to characterize methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci and multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria. The genetic diversity of the MDROs of the different host populations was determined and compared based on sequence type and core genome complex type.

Results
Within this study the majority of samples from pets and humans was genetically distinct. However, for some isolates, the number of allelic differences identified by cgMLST was low. Two cases of putative household transmission or shared source of VR E. faecium and MDR E. coli between humans and pets were documented.

Conclusions
The interaction between humans and their pets appears to play a minor role in the spread of the MDROs studied. However, further research is needed. This study emphasizes the importance of comprehensive molecular surveillance and a multidisciplinary One Health approach to understand and contain the spread of MDROs in human and animal populations.

Trial Registration
The study is registered with the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00030009).
The influence of an emotion regulation intervention on challenges in emotion regulation and cognitive strategies in patients with depression
Authors: Atta Mohamed Hussein Ramadan , El-Gueneidy Mervat Mostafa , Lachine Ola Ahmed Rashad 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Patients with depression struggle with significant emotion regulation difficulties, which adversely affect their psychological well-being and hinder recovery. Traditional therapeutic approaches often fail to adequately address these challenges, leading to a persistent gap in effective mental health care. This research seeks to address this gap by investigating the impact of emotion regulation skills training on patients with depression.

Aim
To assess the difficulties in emotion regulation among patients with depression and evaluate the impact of an emotion regulation skills training intervention on those with higher levels of emotion regulation difficulties, specifically focusing on increasing the use of adaptive emotion regulation strategies and reducing the use of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies.

Method
A quasi-experimental research design was utilized, using three tools: a socio-demographic and Clinical Data structured interview schedule, Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale, and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Eighty patients with depression were recruited to assess those with higher levels of emotion regulation difficulties; out of those with greater difficulties, 30 patients were chosen to participate in the emotion regulation skills training intervention.

Result
The 80 studied subjects' emotion regulation difficulties scores ranged from 158 to 169 (164.5 ± 3.21), and they indicated less use of adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and more use of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (56.07 ± 2.67). Regarding the intervention group, the overall mean score of the 30 patients’ emotion regulation difficulties decreased from 167.35 ± 2.21 pre-intervention to 105.85 ± 3.33 post-intervention (p < 0.0001). Cognitive emotion regulation total scores improved markedly from 54.07 ± 1.66 to 35.2 ± 3.46 (p < 0.01).

Implication
Healthcare providers should routinely assess emotion regulation difficulties in patients with depression and integrate personalized treatment plans that target individual emotion regulation difficulties.

Conclusion
The findings suggest that the emotion regulation intervention has the potential to improve emotion regulation difficulties and cognitive emotion regulation strategies among patients with depression.
Escaping uncertainty: overlapping methods of knowledge production and exchange in the naturalization journey
Authors: Haller Liam , Yanaşmayan Zeynep 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper examines how forced migrants integrate individual perception, interpersonal exchange, and extended networks to navigate the naturalization process. By bringing together these three methods of knowledge creation and exchange, we aim to clarify how these strategies interact and overlap to manage uncertainties stemming from naturalization bureaucracy, a complex and often opaque process. Drawing on personal accounts of 30 Syrians in Berlin and analysis of approximately 100 social media posts, our findings illustrate that these methods could be employed concurrently or interchangeably and on the whole in a symbiotic manner, offering migrants multiple pathways to acquire and (in)validate crucial information. Although this synthesis of knowledge production methods is not necessarily conducive to accessing the right in question, in our case naturalization, it becomes necessary to arrive at “informed” decision-making in uncertain environments characterized by low level of trust and asymmetrical power relations. The paper therefore contributes to broader discussions on migrants’ navigation of legal systems and coping mechanisms in the face of bureaucratic hurdles.
Quality control of elbow joint radiography using a YOLOv8-based artificial intelligence technology
Authors: Lai Qi , Chen Weijuan , Ding Xuan , Huang Xin , Jiang Wenli , Zhang Lingjing , Chen Jinhua , Guo Dajing , Zhou Zhiming , Chen Tian-wu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
To explore an artificial intelligence (AI) technology employing YOLOv8 for quality control (QC) on elbow joint radiographs.

Methods
From January 2022 to August 2023, 2643 consecutive elbow radiographs were collected and randomly assigned to the training, validation, and test sets in a 6:2:2 ratio. We proposed the anteroposterior (AP) and lateral (LAT) models to identify target detection boxes and key points on elbow radiographs using YOLOv8. These identifications were transformed into five quality standards: (1) AP elbow positioning coordinates (XA and YA); (2) olecranon fossa positioning distance parameters (S17 and S27); (3) key points of joint space (Y3, Y4, Y5 and Y6); (4) LAT elbow positioning coordinates (X2 and Y2); and (5) flexion angle. Models were trained and validated using 2,120 radiographs. A test set of 523 radiographs was used for assessing the agreement between AI and physician and to evaluate clinical efficiency of models.

Results
The AP and LAT models demonstrated high precision, recall, and mean average precision for identifying boxes and points. AI and physicians showed high intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) in evaluating: AP coordinates XA (0.987) and YA (0.991); olecranon fossa parameters S17 (0.964) and S27 (0.951); key points Y3 (0.998), Y4 (0.997), Y5 (0.998) and Y6 (0.959); LAT coordinates X2 (0.994) and Y2 (0.986); and flexion angle (0.865). Compared to manual methods, using AI, QC time was reduced by 43% for AP images and 45% for LAT images (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
YOLOv8-based AI technology is feasible for QC of elbow radiography with high performance.

Relevance statement
This study proposed and validated a YOLOv8-based AI model for automated quality control in elbow radiography, obtaining high efficiency in clinical settings.

Key Points

QC of elbow joint radiography is important for detecting diseases.

Models based on YOLOv8 are proposed and perform well in image QC.

Models offer objective and efficient solutions for QC in elbow joint radiographs.

Graphical Abstract
2024 Egyptian consensus statement on the role of non-statin therapies for LDL cholesterol lowering in different patient risk categories
Authors: El Din Taha Hesham Salah , Kandil Hossam , Badran Hala Mahfouz , Farag Nabil , Khamis Hazem , Nasr Gamila , Samy Mina , Abdrabou Moustafa , Abuelezz Mohamed , Shaker Mirna Mamdouh 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
The new millennium has witnessed increased understanding of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and improvement in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) management. The role of LDL cholesterol and other atherogenic lipid particles in the development of atherosclerosis is now beyond doubt.

Main body
Statins have been widely used and recommended in guidelines for preventing and managing ischemic events. However, statins have side effects, and many patients do not achieve their low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goals. In recent years, non-statin lipid-lowering agents have gained increasing use as adjuncts to statins or as alternatives in patients who cannot tolerate statins. This consensus proposes a simple approach for initiating non-statin lipid-lowering therapy and provides evidence-based recommendations. Our key advancements include the identification of patients at extreme risk for CV events, the consideration of initial combination therapy of statin and ezetimibe in very high-risk and extreme-risk groups and the extended use of bempedoic acid in patients not reaching LDL-C targets especially in resource-limited settings.

Conclusions
Overall, this consensus statement provides valuable insights into the expanding field of non-statin therapies and offers practical recommendations to enhance CV care, specifically focusing on improving LDL-C control in Egypt. While these recommendations hold promise, further research and real-world data are needed for validation and refinement.
GLP-1, GIP, and Glucagon Agonists for Obesity Treatment: A Hunger Perspective
Authors: D’Ávila Mateus , Hall Samantha , Horvath Tamas L 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
For centuries, increasingly sophisticated methods and approaches have been brought to bear to promote weight loss. Second only to the Holy Grail of research on aging, the idea of finding a single and simple way to lose weight has long preoccupied the minds of laymen and scientists alike. The effects of obesity are far-reaching and not to be minimized; the need for more effective treatments is obvious. Is there a single silver bullet that addresses this issue without effort on the part of the individual? The answer to this question has been one of the most elusive and sought-after in modern history. Now and then, a miraculous discovery propagates the illusion that a simple solution is possible. Now there are designer drugs that seem to accomplish the task: we can lose weight without effort using mono, dual, and triple agonists of receptors for glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), and glucagon. There are, however, fundamental biological principles that raise intriguing questions about these therapies beyond the currently reported side-effects. This perspective reflects upon these issues from the angle of complex goal-oriented behaviors, and systemic and cellular metabolism associated with satiety and hunger.
Daily Diversity Flows: Racial and Ethnic Context Between Home and Work
Authors: Hess Chris , Hall Matt 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The racial and ethnic diversification of the U.S. population has transformed the demographic makeup of communities and rapidly increased exposure to diversity in American neighborhoods. Although diversity exposure occurs throughout people's daily lives, the conventional approach to describing diversity only at places of residence potentially understates the full extent of this phenomenon. In this study, we explore short-term, within-day changes in the diversity of different neighborhoods by considering U.S. workers’ work and residential locations. Using estimates for daytime and nighttime populations among metropolitan census tracts, our empirical analyses investigate the extent to which the process of daytime mobility for work relates to changes in the racial and ethnic diversity of different spaces. Our results indicate widespread daily shifts toward diversity for most neighborhood types, especially those with residential (nighttime) populations that are predominantly Black, Latino, or Asian. We find that patterns of intraday diversification experienced minor declines across recent decades but are present in most metropolitan areas. Our findings also show that intraday changes in racial and ethnic diversity overlap with nonracial forms of daily diversity change. Further, average within-day changes in diversity are more pronounced in areas with greater residential segregation.
foxg1a is required for hair cell development and regeneration in the zebrafish lateral line
Authors: Bell Jon M. , Turner Emily M. , Biesemeyer Cole , Vanderbeck Madison M. , Hendricks Roe , McGraw Hillary F. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Mechanosensory hair cells located in the inner ear mediate the sensations of hearing and balance. If damaged, mammalian inner ear hair cells are unable to regenerate, resulting in permanent sensory deficits. Aquatic vertebrates like zebrafish (Danio rerio) have a specialized class of mechanosensory hair cells found in the lateral line system, allowing them to sense changes in water current. Unlike mammalian inner ear hair cells, lateral line hair cells can robustly regenerate following damage. In mammals, the transcription factor Foxg1 functions to promote normal development of the inner ear. Foxg1a is expressed in lateral line sensory organs in zebrafish larvae, but its function during lateral line development and regeneration has not been investigated. Our study demonstrates that mutation of foxg1a results in slower posterior lateral line primordium migration and delayed neuromast formation. In developing and regenerating neuromasts, we find that loss of Foxg1a function results in reduced hair cell numbers, as well as decreased proliferation of neuromast cells. Foxg1a specifically regulates the development and regeneration of Islet1-labeled hair cells. These data suggest that Foxg1 may be a valuable target for investigation of clinical hair cell regeneration.
Neuromuscular junction dysfunction in Lafora disease
Authors: Shukla Monica , Chugh Deepti , Ganesh Subramaniam 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Lafora disease (LD), a fatal neurodegenerative disorder, is caused by mutations in the EPM2A gene encoding laforin phosphatase or NHLRC1 gene encoding malin ubiquitin ligase. LD symptoms include epileptic seizures, ataxia, dementia and cognitive decline. Studies on LD have primarily concentrated on the pathophysiology in the brain. A few studies have reported motor symptoms, muscle weakness and muscle atrophy. Intriguingly, skeletal muscles are known to accumulate Lafora polyglucosan bodies. Using laforin-deficient mice, an established model for LD, we demonstrate that LD pathology correlated with structural and functional impairments in the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Specifically, we found impairment in NMJ transmission, which coincided with altered expression of NMJ-associated genes and reduced motor endplate area, fragmented junctions and loss of fully innervated junctions at the NMJ. We also observed a reduction in alpha-motor neurons in the lumbar spinal cord, with significant presynaptic morphological alterations. Disorganised myofibrillar patterns, slight z-line streaming and muscle atrophy were also evident in LD animals. In summary, our study offers insight into the neuropathic and myopathic alterations leading to motor deficits in LD.
Multi-armed Bandit Experimental Design: Online Decision-Making and Adaptive Inference
Authors: Simchi-Levi David , Wang Chonghuan 
Published: September 2024

Multi-armed bandit has been well known for its efficiency in online decision-making in terms of minimizing the loss of the participants’ welfare during experiments (i.e., the regret). In clinical trials and many other scenarios, the statistical power of inferring the treatment effects (i.e., the gaps between the mean outcomes of different arms) is also crucial. Nevertheless, minimizing the regret entails harming the statistical power of estimating the treatment effect because the observations from some arms can be limited. In this paper, we investigate the trade-off between efficiency and statistical power by casting the multi-armed bandit experimental design into a minimax multi-objective optimization problem. We introduce the concept of Pareto optimality to mathematically characterize the situation in which neither the statistical power nor the efficiency can be improved without degrading the other. We derive a useful sufficient and necessary condition for the Pareto optimal solutions to the minimax multi-objective optimization problem. Additionally, we design an effective Pareto optimal multi-armed bandit experiment that can be tailored to different levels of the trade-off between the two objectives. Moreover, we extend the design and analysis to the setting where the outcome of each arm consists of an adversarial baseline reward and a stochastic treatment effect, demonstrating the robustness of our design. Finally, motivated by clinical trials, we examine the setting where the employed experiment must split the experimental units into a small number of batches, and we propose a flexible Pareto optimal design. This paper was accepted by George Shanthikumar, data science. Funding: The authors thank the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-IBM partnership in Artificial Intelligence and the MIT Data Science Laboratory for support. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.00492 .
Penetration and Adhesion Strength of Phenol-Tannin-Formaldehyde Resin Adhesives for Bonding Three Tropical Woods
Authors: Hendrik Jessica , Hadi Yusuf Sudo , Massijaya Muh Yusram , Santoso Adi , Park Byung-Dae 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Phenol-tannin-formaldehyde (PTF) resins were prepared by adding bark tannin extracts from mangium (Acacia mangium) to phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin adhesive. The resultant resin was used for bonding wood from three fast-growing tropical species, specifically, mangium, jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba), and mindi (Melia azedarach). The impact of the tannin extract content on the penetration and adhesion strength of PTF resin adhesives was studied for two different tannin contents (10% and 20%). The resin penetration into wood tissues of the three species was quantitatively measured at the bond line, using a light microscope. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was also used for detecting the resin penetration into wood tissues. The adhesion strength of the PTF resins was determined by measuring shear strength of three-ply parallel plywood constructed from the three tropical woods. As the amount of tannin increased, the depth of resin penetration increased for mangium and jabon wood but decreased for mindi wood. By contrast, the bond-line thickness decreased with the increasing tannin addition for all three wood species. The adhesion strength of plywood was improved as the amount of tannin increased. All plywood bonded with PTF resins using 20 percent tannin met the requirements of the EN 314‐2 standard. These results suggest that the addition of tannin extract into PF resin improves the adhesion performance and can partially replace phenol in PTF resins.
Time to Failure Testing in Shear of Wood–Adhesive Bonds under Elevated Temperatures*
Authors: Knorz Markus , Schmid Pia , de Kuilen Jan-Willem van , Richter Klaus 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
At present, the evaluation of wood–adhesive bonds lacks a method that is able to predict the long-term load carrying capacity in shear of a bond in a comparatively short testing time. For this reason, a new test approach was investigated to determine the time to failure of wood–adhesive bonds. In our research, lap joint specimens were prepared with a melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) adhesive at two mixing ratios (100/100 and 100/20 [resin/hardener]). The specimens were subjected to tensile shear stresses at load levels between 30 and 90 percent of their mean wet short-term strength while being immersed in water at temperatures of 60°C and 90°C. The time to failure and the wood failure percentage were determined. The analysis showed good correlations between time to failure and load level as well as between time to failure and temperature. The adhesive mixing ratio, however, showed no influence on the failure characteristics. The wood failure percentage highly depended on the test duration. With prolonged test duration, the mode of failure increasingly changed from wood failure to adhesion failure. Overall, the test method proved to be promising for a detailed performance evaluation of wood–adhesive bonds.