bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hand Gripping and Acetazolamide Effect in Normal Persons and Patients with Carotid Artery Disease
Authors: Stoll Martin , Seidel Antje , Schimrigk Klaus , Hamann Gerhard F. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTranscranial Doppler measurement (TCD) of cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) is usually performed by the C02 test, the acetazolamide test, or the breath–holding test. Since these tests are time–consuming and labor–intensive, alternative methods such as the hand–gripping test are of interest. Twenty–one normal persons and 25 patients with unilateral carotid artery disease were studied. Flow velocity changes in both middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) during bilateral hand gripping were measured by TCD and compared with acetazolamide test results. The increase in MCA mean flow velocity (FVmean) during hand gripping was 18.0 ± 6.3% in normal persons; the increases in the poststenotic MCA were 15.8 ± 9.7% in all patients and 9.4 ± 5.4% in patients with impaired CVR as determined by the acetazolamide test. Only in the group with impaired acetazolamide reactivity was the increase in the poststenotic MCA significantly lower compared to that in controls (p < 0.01 ) and to the contralateral, nonstenotic side (p < 0.01). Nevertheless the FVmean increases in both tests showed a weak, but significant correlation (r = 0.59, p < 0.01) All FVmean increases during hand gripping were significantly (p < 0.01) lower than those during the acetazolamide test. The test appears as a weaker stimulus for MCA blood flow velocity increase than the acetazolamide test. Thus, only a substantial reduction of acetazolamide reactivity leads to a reduced MCA FVmean increase using hand gripping. Although it is highly specific but less sensitive, hand gripping does not appear to be suitable as a screening measure of CVR, but might be useful in addition to standard tests.
Bilateral Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Territory Infarcts
Authors: Chang H. M. , Linn H. H. , Caplan R. 
Published: February 2016

Abstractlilateral anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) territory infarcts are rare. Their ocurrence usually signifies severe intracranial lertebrobasilar disease. Unlike head commuted tomography, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging reveals these infarcts clearly and MR angiography allows the intracranial vasculature to be defined noninvasively. We now report a patient with bilateral AICA territory infarcts.
Basimeningeal/Spinal Axis Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor Without Intraaxial Lesion: Radiological Features
Authors: Lazzara Elizabeth W. , Ragland Ronald L. , Smith Thomas W. , Knorr John R. , Weiner Milton A. , Kamath Sanjay V. , Lau Kam Ying 
Published: February 2016

AbstractOver a 12‐year period, the authors encountered 2 patients with spinal axis/ basimeningeal primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) involving the spinal axis extramedullary, intradural compartment and the basimeninges. In neither patient was an intraaxial focus demonstrated. A 48‐year‐old woman had computed tomography (CT) findings of hydrocephalus and later abnormal basimeningeal enhancement. Cervical myelography revealed a low cervical intradural block. A 10‐year‐old boy was evaluated initially with non‐contrast‐enhanced CT of the brain, which revealed hydrocephalus. Contrast‐enhanced CT revealed abnormal basimeningeal enhancement implicating cisternal obstruction. Subsequent magnetic resonance examination of the entire spine with and without gadolinium enhancement revealed diffuse abnormal enhancement of the spinal axis intradural, extramedullary compartment. While intraaxial PNETs are well recognized, the patients described here represent a distinctly unusual pattern of intradural spinal meningeal and basimeningeal infiltration by PNET in the absence of a demonstrable intraaxial lesion.
Does an Increase in Sulcal or Ventricular Fluid Predict Where Brain Tissue Is Lost?
Authors: Symonds Laura L , Archibald Sarah L , Grant Igor , Zisook Sidney , Jernigan Terry L 
Published: February 2016

Quantitative volumes of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain tissue were measured on magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of 287 individuals from 5 diagnostic groups: Alzheimer's disease (AD), chronic alcoholics (ALC), individuals positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), schizophrenia subjects (SZ), and normal comparison subjects (NC) older than 50 years of age. Within each group, mean volumes were calculated for ventricular CSF, cortical (sulcal) CSF, cortical gray matter, total white matter, basal ganglia gray matter, and thalamic gray matter. Correlations of CSF measures with brain tissue measures were determined, and multiple regression analyses were performed to try and predict volume of gray matter or white matter region from volume of CSF compartment. Results indicated the following:

Enlarged cortical fluid volume significantly predicts cortical gray matter deficits for subjects with AD and those who are ALC and SZ but not for subjects with HIV or NC.
Enlarged cortical fluid volume also significantly predicts white matter deficits in all five groups.
Enlarged ventricular fluid volume significantly predicts basal ganglia deficits in AD, HIV, and NC but not in SZ or ALC.
Enlarged ventricular volume has no predictive value for thalamic volume for any of the groups. This study supports the clinical practice of predicting brain tissue volume loss from CSF enlargement but not for all brain regions in all diagnoses.
Accuracy and Criteria for Localizing Arterial Occlusion With Transcranial Doppler
Authors: Demchuk Andrew M. , Christou Ioannis , Wein Theodore H. , Felberg Robert A. , Malkoff Marc , Grotta James C. , Alexandrov Andrei V. 
Published: February 2016

The authors determined transcranial Doppler (TCD) accuracy for the proximal internal carotid artery (ICA), distal ICA, proximal middle cerebral artery (MCA), distal MCA, anterior cerebral artery (ACA), posterior cerebral artery (PCA), terminal vertebral artery (tVA), and basilar artery (BA) occlusion in cerebral ischemia patients. Detailed diagnostic criteria were prospectively applied for TCD interpretation independent of angiographic findings. Of 320 consecutive patients referred to the neurosonology service with symptoms of cerebral ischemia, 190 (59%) patients also underwent angiography (MRA or DSA). 48 of those 190 patients had angiographic occlusion and 12 of those 48 patients had involvement of multiple vessels. Median time from TCD until angiography was performed was 1 hour (41 patients had angiography before TCD). TCD showed 40 true positive, 8 false negative, 8 false positive, and 134 true negative studies with sensitivity 83.0%, specificity 94.4%, positive predictive value 83.0%, negative predictive value 94.4%, and accuracy 91.6% to determine all sites of occlusion. Sensitivity for each individual occlusion site was: proximal ICA 94%, distaiiCA 81%, MCA 93%, tVA 56%, BA 60%. Specificity ranged from 96% to 98%. TCD is sensitive and specific in determining the site of the arterial occlusion using detailed diagnostic criteria, including proximal ICA and distal MCA lesions. TCD has the highest accuracy for ICA and MCA occlusions. If the results of TCD are normal, there is at least a 94% chance that angiographic studies will be negative.Key words: ultrasound, transcranial Doppler sonography, stroke, occlusion, angiography.
Effect of prosthetic restoration on masticatory function in patients with shortened dental arches: a multicentre study
Authors: Fueki K. , Igarashi Y. , Maeda Y. , Baba K. , Koyano K. , Sasaki K. , Akagawa Y. , Kuboki T. , Kasugai S. , Garrett N. R. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThe aim of this multicentre study was to investigate the effect of prosthetic restoration for missing posterior teeth on mastication in patients with shortened dental arches (SDAs). Partially dentate patients who had an intact teeth in anterior region and missed distal molar(s) (2–12 missing occlusal units) classified as Kennedy Class I or Class II were recruited from seven university‐based dental hospitals in Japan. Of the 125 subjects who underwent baseline (pre‐treatment) and follow‐up/post‐treatment evaluation, 53 chose no replacement of missing teeth and 72 chose treatment with removable partial dentures (n = 53) or implant‐supported fixed partial dentures (n = 19). Objective masticatory performance (MP) was evaluated using a gummy jelly test. Perception of chewing ability (CA) was rated using a food intake questionnaire. In the no‐treatment group, mean MP and CA scores at baseline were similar to those at follow‐up evaluation (P > 0·05). In the treatment group, mean MP after treatment was significantly greater than the pre‐treatment mean MP (P < 0·05). However, the mean perceived CA in the treatment groups was similar at pre‐ and post‐treatment (P > 0·05). In a subgroup analysis of subjects in the treatment group, subjects with lower pre‐treatment CA showed a significant CA increase after treatment (P = 0·004), but those with higher pre‐treatment CA showed a significant decrease in CA (P = 0·001). These results suggest that prosthetic restoration for SDAs may benefit objective masticatory performance in patients needing replacement of missing posterior teeth, but the benefit in subjective chewing ability seems to be limited in subjects with perceived impairment in chewing ability before treatment.
An In Vitro Comparison of the Marginal Adaptation Accuracy of CAD/CAM Restorations Using Different Impression Systems
Authors: Shembesh Marwa , Ali Ala , Finkelman Matthew , Weber Hans‐Peter , Zandparsa Roya 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPurposeTo compare the marginal adaptation of 3‐unit zirconia fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) obtained from intraoral digital scanners (Lava True Definition, Cadent iTero), scanning of a conventional silicone impression, and the resulting master cast with an extraoral scanner (3Shape lab scanner).Materials and MethodsOne reference model was fabricated from intact, non‐carious, unrestored human mandibular left first premolar and first molar teeth (teeth #19 and 21), prepared for a three‐unit all‐ceramic FDP. Impressions of the reference model were obtained using four impression systems (n = 10), group 1 (PVS impression scan), group 2 (stone cast scan), group 3 (Cadent iTero), and group 4 (Lava True Defintion). Then the three‐unit zirconia FDPs were milled. Marginal adaptation of the zirconia FDPs was evaluated using an optical comparator at four points on each abutment. The mean (SD) was reported for each group. One‐way ANOVA was used to assess the statistical significance of the results, with post hoc tests conducted via Tukey's HSD. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. All analyses were done using SPSS 22.0.ResultsThe mean (SD) marginal gaps for the recorded data from highest to lowest were silicone impression scans 81.4 μm (6.8), Cadent iTero scan 62.4 μm (5.0), master cast scan 50.2 μm (6.1), and Lava True definition scan 26.6 μm (4.7). One‐way ANOVA revealed significant differences (p < 0.001) in the mean marginal gap among the groups. The Tukey's HSD tests demonstrated that the differences between all groups (silicone impression scan, master cast scan, Lava True definition scan, iTero Cadent scan) were statistically significant (all p < 0.001). On the basis of the criterion of 120 μm as the limit of clinical acceptance, all marginal discrepancy values of all groups were clinically acceptable.ConclusionsWithin the confines of this in vitro study, it can be concluded that the marginal gap of all impression techniques was within the acceptable clinical limit (120 μm). Group 4 (Lava True Defintion) showed the lowest average gap among all groups followed by group 2 (stone cast scan), group 3 (Cadent iTero), and group 1 (PVS impression scan); these differences were statistically significant.
Effects of different lipid sources on intake, digestibility and purine derivatives in hair lambs
Authors: Pereira E. S. , Pereira M. W. F. , Arruda P. C. L. , Cabral L. S. , Oliveira R. L. , Mizubuti I. Y. , Pinto A. P. , Campos A. C. N. , Gadelha C. R. F. , Carneiro M. S. S. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different lipid sources on the nutrient intake, digestibility and purine derivative excretion of lambs. Thirty‐five 60‐day‐old, male, non‐castrated Santa Ines lambs with an initial average body weight (BW) of 13.00 ± 1.80 kg were used in a randomized complete block design with seven blocks and five treatments. The experimental treatments consisted of a control diet without supplemental lipids and four test diets with different lipid supplements, selected according to the degree of ruminal protection from hydrogenation: supplementation, being supplementation with whole cottonseed (WC), supplementation with cashew nut meal (CNM), supplementation with both cottonseed and cashew nut meal (WC‐CNM) and supplementation with calcium salts of long‐chain fatty acids (Ca‐LCFA). The lambs were slaughtered after reaching 28 kg average BW for each treatment. The ether extract intake (EEI) was higher (p < 0.01) for the lipid supplemented compared to control diet lambs. Supplementation with WC decreased the digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and total carbohydrate (TC) (p < 0.01), whereas supplementation with CNM, WC‐CNM and Ca‐LCFA reduced non‐fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) digestibility (p < 0.01). The ether extract (EE) digestibility coefficient was higher with CNM, followed by Ca‐LCFA and WC, when compared to WC‐CNM and control diets. Nitrogen balance (NB) was not influenced (p > 0.05) by the different lipid sources. A lower purine derivative (PD) excretion and thus lower microbial protein supply (MPS) was observed for animals supplemented with Ca‐LCFA (p < 0.01) compared to the WC‐CNM and control diets. In conclusion, WC, CNM and WC‐CNM supplementation did not have negative effects on MPS, although negative effects have been observed on nutrient digestibility.
Skeletal response to diet with soya bean seeds used as primary source of protein in growing broiler chickens
Authors: Olkowski B. , Charuta A. , Radzki R. , Bieńko M. , Toczko R. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThe study was conducted using 120 commercial broiler chicks (Ross 308) randomly allocated to two experimental groups. The experimental diets, differing only in protein source, either solvent‐extracted soya bean meal (SBM) or traditional (non‐genetically modified) full‐fat soya bean seeds (FFS), were prepared using practical corn‐based formulation designed to meet nutritional requirements of broilers. Performance parameters were monitored weekly. Also, the subjects were evaluated daily for overt changes in skeletal anatomy and gait physiology. Randomly selected chickens from each group (seven males and seven females) were euthanized at 2, 3, 4 and 6 weeks of age, and bone specimens were collected for further study. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were determined in tibiotarsal bones. Broilers fed FFS diet showed retarded growth rate and decreased feed intake (both p < 0.001). Both BMD and BMC parameters were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in bones of chickens from the FFS group in comparison with the SBM group. The chickens fed the FFS diet showed higher incidence of skeletal pathology including angular deformities and torticollis (both p < 0.01). Of note, cases of torticollis were observed only in FFS group. In many cases, skeletal abnormalities resulted in considerable changes in gait pattern, and in some instances, the pathology of leg bones was so advanced that the affected individuals were unable to walk, but this deformity was not seen in SBM group. From this study, it can be inferred that raw soya beans contain factors that have some specific detrimental effects on skeletal system of chickens.
Effects of quebracho tannin extract and activated charcoal on nutrient digestibility, digesta passage and faeces composition in goats
Authors: Al‐Kindi A. , Schiborra A. , Buerkert A. , Schlecht E. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryIrrigation agriculture of hot climates suffers from rapid soil organic carbon (C) turnover, high nitrogen (N) leaching and gaseous losses. In this context, we explored the possibility of supplementing ruminants with activated charcoal (AC) and condensed tannins (CT) to increase faecal concentration of long‐lived C and slowly decomposable N. For this purpose, we fed AC and quebracho tannin extract (QTE, source of CT) to goats and determined nutrient digestibility, digesta passage and composition of faeces. The feeding trial comprised three periods, with 24 male goats assigned to five treatments and a control. On dry matter (DM) basis, the basal diet (control) consisted of 50% hay, 46.5% crushed maize and 3.5% soya bean meal. Treatment diets contained (on DM basis) 2% and 4% QTE (QTE2, QTE4), 1.5% and 3.0% AC (AC1.5, AC3.0) and a mixture of 2% QTE plus 1.5% AC (QTEAC). Samples of feed, refusals and faeces were analysed for chemical constituents; digesta passage was computed with a one‐compartment Gamma‐2 model from pulse‐dose application of ytterbium‐mordanted fibre and quantitative collection of faeces during 7 days. Compared to the control, organic matter and N digestibility were reduced with QTE2 and QTE4 (p ≤ 0.001), that of neutral and acid detergent fibre (NDFom, ADFom) decreased with QTE4, QTEAC and both AC treatments (p ≤ 0.001). Ruminal particle passage ranged from 0.051 h−1 (QTEAC) to 0.056 h−1 (control; p > 0.05). Apart from the correlation between total tract mean retention time and faecal C/N ratio (r = −0.35), passage parameters did not affect faeces quality. While faecal N concentration was not altered by both additives, AC enhanced faecal NDFom, ADFom and C concentrations (p ≤ 0.001). Whereas feeding up to 3% AC might slow down the decomposition of manure in the field without negatively affecting the digestive physiology of goats, including QTE seems not advantageous from a physiological and nutrient recycling perspective.
Phylogeny and diversification of Chinese Araliaceae based on nuclear and plastid DNA sequence data
Authors: Li Rong , Wen Jun 
Published: February 2016

AbstractChinese Araliaceae consist of 20 genera and ca. 175 species. To assess the evolutionary relationships of Araliaceae and their biogeographic diversification in China, the phylogeny of Chinese Araliaceae was constructed by sampling 96 accessions representing 20 genera and 50 species of Chinese Araliaceae and 45 closely related taxa using sequences of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and six plastid regions (the ndhF gene, the trnL‐trnF region, the rps16 intron, the atpB‐rbcL intergenic spacer, the rpl16 intron, and the psbA‐trnH intergenic spacer). Phylogenetic analyses of the combined plastid and ITS data supported the results of the previously studies that the Chinese members of Araliaceae were scattered within the Asian Palmate group and the Aralia‐Panax group with Osmoxylon at the base of core Araliaceae. The generic status of Pentapanax and Tupidanthus is not supported. Our analysis clearly places them in Aralia and Asian Schefflera, respectively. In a broader phylogenetic framework of Araliaceae, based on the fossil‐calibrated Bayesian dating, Chinese Araliaceae was inferred to have originated in Asia and underwent a rapid radiation in its evolutionary history. Its diversification is hypothesized to have been driven largely by the orogenies in Asia during the Cenozoic. In China, the distribution pattern of the phylogenetic diversity of Araliaceae corresponds with its taxonomic diversity across the entire region.
Gluten‐Free Bread Prepared with Fresh and Freeze‐Dried Rice Sourdough‐Texture and Sensory Evaluation
Authors: Różyło Renata , Rudy Stanisław , Krzykowski Andrzej , Dziki Dariusz , Siastała Monika , Polak Renata 
Published: February 2016

AbstractNew possibilities for using freeze‐dried rice sourdoughs in the processing of gluten‐free bread (GFB) are demonstrated in this study. Fresh and freeze‐dried (at temperatures of 20 and 40C) rice sourdoughs were added in the amounts of 10, 20, 30 and 40% of the total flour content. Significant and beneficial changes in the texture (elasticity and cohesiveness) of bread under the influence of different quantities of fresh and freeze‐dried sourdough addition were observed. In most cases, there were no significant differences between the firmness and cohesiveness of bread made with fresh or freeze‐dried sourdough. A lower degree of crumb staling was obtained for bread produced with a 10% addition of fresh sourdough and sourdough freeze‐dried at 40C. The best overall sensory assessment was achieved by bread with 10 and 20% rice sourdough. At these levels of sourdough addition, there were no significant changes in the assessment of bread made with either fresh or lyophilized sourdough. Sensory evaluation of texture was positively correlated with other physical properties: pore area, firmness, elasticity and cohesiveness of crumb (r = 0.869; 0.836; 0.596; 0.848, respectively) and negatively correlated with bread pH values (r= −0.801).Practical ApplicationThe results have important significance, as the use of freeze‐dried rice sourdough may improve the process of the production of natural GFB. Freeze‐dried rice sourdoughs used directly in processing eliminate the requirement for a long period of fermentation of the sourdough. Freeze‐dried rice sourdough, in an amount of 10 or 20%, may be a good substitute for fresh sourdough. An increase in heating plate temperature from 20 to 40C caused a decrease in drying time of about 25%; therefore, to produce this sourdough, a freeze‐drying temperature of 40C is suggested. The bread is distinguished by a favorable qualitative assessment. Also, the reduced pH value has a beneficial influence on extending bread durability and freeze‐dried rice sourdough can be used as a natural preservative.
Resistance to thrombomodulin is associated with de novo portal vein thrombosis and low survival in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: La Mura Vincenzo , Tripodi Armando , Tosetti Giulia , Cavallaro Flaminia , Chantarangkul Veena , Colombo Massimo , Primignani Massimo 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackground & AimsPortal vein thrombosis (PVT) is frequently observed in cirrhosis and may be a clinically important complication. In vitro assays for endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) demonstrated that in cirrhosis plasma has intrinsic resistance to the anticoagulant action of thrombomodulin (TM‐R). This study retrospectively explores the association of TM‐R with de novo PVT and its clinical impact on cirrhosis.MethodsFifty‐three patients with cirrhosis were tested for ETP‐ratio with/without thrombomodulin. Clinical, endoscopic variables, presence/absence of PVT by Doppler‐US and/or CT examination were collected at baseline and up to 4 years from baseline. The de novo PVT was the primary clinical end‐point. Portal hypertension (PHT)‐related complications and transplantation free survival were secondary end‐points. ETP‐ratio higher than the 95° percentile of the distribution in 173 healthy controls defined TM‐R.ResultsDuring 48 months of follow‐up, 11 patients developed de novo PVT, with preference for the 36 patients with TM‐R after adjusting for Child–Pugh class (HR: 8.354; 90%CI:1.475 ‐ 47.305; P = 0.009). Seventeen patients experienced PHT‐related complications, 23 either died or underwent liver transplantation. PHT complications and transplantation free survival were associated with TM‐R, but were independently predicted by Child–Pugh class, only. Same results were obtained by considering the MELD score.ConclusionsOwing to PVT results from the pro‐coagulant imbalance occurring in patients with advanced cirrhosis, TM‐R might serve as a predictor and could possibly be a biological mediator of adverse outcome in patients with advanced cirrhosis.