bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Various Cooling Systems After Exercise-Induced Hyperthermia
Authors: Tan Pearl M. S. , Teo Eunice Y. N. , Ali Noreffendy B. , Ang Bryan C. H. , Iskandar Iswady , Law Lydia Y. L. , Lee Jason K. W. 
Published: February 2017

Context:
Rapid diagnosis and expeditious cooling of individuals with exertional heat stroke is paramount for survival.

Objective:
To evaluate the efficacy of various cooling systems after exercise-induced hyperthermia.

Design:
Crossover study.

Setting:
Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:
Twenty-two men (age = 24 ± 2 years, height = 1.76 ± 0.07 m, mass = 70.7 ± 9.5 kg) participated.

Intervention(s):
Each participant completed a treadmill walk until body core temperature reached 39.50°C. The treadmill walk was performed at 5.3 km/h on an 8.5% incline for 50 minutes and then at 5.0 km/h until the end of exercise. Each participant experienced 4 cooling phases in a randomized, repeated-crossover design: (1) no cooling (CON), (2) body-cooling unit (BCU), (3) EMCOOLS Flex.Pad (EC), and (4) ThermoSuit (TS). Cooling continued for 30 minutes or until body core temperature reached 38.00°C, whichever occurred earlier.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Body core temperature (obtained via an ingestible telemetric temperature sensor) and heart rate were measured continuously during the exercise and cooling phases. Rating of perceived exertion was monitored every 5 minutes during the exercise phase and thermal sensation every minute during the cooling phase.

Results:
The absolute cooling rate was greatest with TS (0.16°C/min ± 0.06°C/min) followed by EC (0.12°C/min ± 0.04°C/min), BCU (0.09°C/min ± 0.06°C/min), and CON (0.06°C/min ± 0.02°C/min; P &lt; .001). The TS offered a greater cooling rate than all other cooling modalities in this study, whereas EC offered a greater cooling rate than both CON and BCU (P &lt; .0083 for all). Effect-size calculations, however, showed that EC and BCU were not clinically different.

Conclusion:
These findings provide objective evidence for selecting the most effective cooling system of those we evaluated for cooling individuals with exercise-induced hyperthermia. Nevertheless, factors other than cooling efficacy need to be considered when selecting an appropriate cooling system.
A high-altitude balloon experiment to probe stratospheric electric fields from low latitudes
Authors: Gurubaran Subramanian , Shanmugam Manu , Jawahar Kaliappan , Emperumal Kaliappan , Mahavarkar Prasanna , Buduru Suneel Kumar 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The Earth's electrical environment hosts a giant electrical circuit, often referred to as the global electric circuit (GEC), linking the various sources of electrical generators located in the lower atmosphere, the ionosphere and the magnetosphere. The middle atmosphere (stratosphere and mesosphere) has been traditionally believed to be passively transmitting electric fields generated elsewhere. Some observations have reported anomalously large electric fields at these altitudes, and the scientific community has had to revisit the earlier hypothesis time and again. At stratospheric altitudes and especially at low latitudes, horizontal electric fields are believed to be of ionospheric origin. Though measurements of these fields from a balloon platform are challenging because of their small magnitudes (around a few mV m−1), a suitably designed long-duration balloon experiment capable of detecting such small fields can provide useful information on the time evolution of ionospheric electric fields, which is otherwise possible only using radar or satellite in situ measurements. We present herein details of one such experiment, BEENS (Balloon Experiment on the Electrodynamics of Near Space), carried out from a low-latitude site in India. The instrument package for this experiment is comprised of four deployable booms for measurements of horizontal electric fields and one inclined boom for vertical electric field measurements, all equipped with conducting spheres at the tip. The experiment was conducted from Hyderabad (17.5° N, 78.6° E) during the post-midnight hours on 14 December 2013. In spite of a few shortcomings we report herein, a noticeable feature of the observations has been the detection of horizontal electric fields of ∼ 5 mV m−1 at the stratospheric altitudes of ∼ 35 km.
Sensitivity towards elevated pCO2 in great scallop (Pecten maximus Lamarck) embryos and fed larvae
Authors: Andersen Sissel , Grefsrud Ellen S. , Harboe Torstein 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The increasing amount of dissolved anthropogenic CO2 has caused a drop in pH values in the open ocean known as ocean acidification. This change in seawater carbonate chemistry has been shown to have a negative effect on a number of marine organisms. Early life stages are the most vulnerable, and especially the organisms that produce calcified structures in the phylum Mollusca. Few studies have looked at effects on scallops, and this is the first study presented including fed larvae of the great scallop (Pecten maximus) followed until day 14 post-fertilization. Fertilized eggs from unexposed parents were exposed to three levels of pCO2 using four replicate units: 465 (ambient), 768 and 1294 µatm, corresponding to pHNIST of 7.94, 7.75 (−0.19 units) and 7.54 (−0.40 units), respectively. All of the observed parameters were negatively affected by elevated pCO2: survival, larval development, shell growth and normal shell development. The latter was observed to be affected only 2 days after fertilization. Negative effects on the fed larvae at day 7 were similar to what was shown earlier for unfed P. maximus larvae. Growth rate in the group at 768 µatm seemed to decline after day 7, indicating that the ability to overcome the environmental change at moderately elevated pCO2 was lost over time. The present study shows that food availability does not decrease the sensitivity to elevated pCO2 in P. maximus larvae. Unless genetic adaptation and acclimatization counteract the negative effects of long term elevated pCO2, recruitment in populations of P. maximus will most likely be negatively affected by the projected drop of 0.06–0.32 units in pH within year 2100.
Spatial variability in mass loss of glaciers in the Everest region, central Himalayas, between 2000 and 2015
Authors: King Owen , Quincey Duncan J. , Carrivick Jonathan L. , Rowan Ann V. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Region-wide averaging of Himalayan glacier mass change has masked any catchment or glacier-scale variability in glacier recession; thus the role of a number of glaciological processes in glacier wastage remains poorly understood. In this study, we quantify mass loss rates over the period 2000–2015 for 32 glaciers across the Everest region and assess how future ice loss is likely to differ depending on glacier hypsometry. The mean mass balance of all 32 glaciers in our sample was −0.52 ± 0.22 m water equivalent (w.e.) a−1. The mean mass balance of nine lacustrine-terminating glaciers (−0.70 ± 0.26 m w.e. a−1) was 32 % more negative than land-terminating, debris-covered glaciers (−0.53 ± 0.21 m w.e. a−1). The mass balance of lacustrine-terminating glaciers is highly variable (−0.45 ± 0.13 to −0.91 ± 0.22 m w.e. a−1), perhaps reflecting glacial lakes at different stages of development. To assess the importance of hypsometry on glacier response to future temperature increases, we calculated current (Dudh Koshi – 0.41, Tama Koshi – 0.43, Pumqu – 0.37) and prospective future glacier accumulation area Ratios (AARs). IPCC AR5 RCP 4.5 warming (0.9–2.3 °C by 2100) could reduce AARs to 0.29 or 0.08 in the Tama Koshi catchment, 0.27 or 0.17 in the Dudh Koshi catchment and 0.29 or 0.18 in the Pumqu catchment. Our results suggest that glacial lake expansion across the Himalayas could expedite ice mass loss and the prediction of future contributions of glacial meltwater to river flow will be complicated by spatially variable glacier responses to climate change.
La contribution des enseignants à la pertinence de l’éducation de base en Afrique de l’Ouest : le cas du Sénégal
Authors: Lauwerier Thibaut 
Published: February 2017

Cet article vise à comprendre quelle est la contribution des enseignants à une éducation de base de qualité au Sénégal, avec un accent particulier sur le concept d’éducation « pertinente ». Après avoir fait un détour par la caractérisation des concepts de qualité et de pertinence, nous contextualisons la situation des enseignants au Sénégal, puis nous présentons l’intérêt d’explorer les liens entre ces concepts et la question enseignante. D’un point de vue méthodologique, les données proviennent essentiellement d’entretiens et d’observations. Il ressort de nos analyses que les enseignants de manière générale ne sont pas en capacité de permettre une éducation pertinente. Toutefois, cette recherche met en avant certains facteurs favorables à plus de pertinence.
Synthesis of Alkynylmethylidene‐benzoxasiloles through a Rhodium‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization Involving 1,2‐Silicon and 1,3‐Carbon Migration
Authors: Namba Tomoya , Kawauchi Susumu , Shibata Yu , Kanno Hiroshi , Tanaka Ken 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIt is shown that a cationic rhodium(I)/biphep complex catalyzes the cycloisomerization of 2‐(alkynylsilylethynyl)phenols, leading to alkynylmethylidene‐benzoxasiloles through concomitant silicon and carbon migration. This unprecedented cycloisomerization presumably proceeds via the formation of rhodium vinylidenes through 1,2‐silicon migration, followed by 1,3‐carbon (alkyne) migration via the formation of hypervalent silicon centers.
Severe ileus and urinary retention in a patient with tuberculous meningitis
Authors: Konno Shingo , Imamura Tomomi , Inoue Masashi , Murata Mayumi , Sugimoto Hideki , Fujioka Toshiki 
Published: February 2017

Key Clinical MessageAn acute ileus and/or urinary retention are recognized as emergent complications requiring appropriate depressurizing treatments. Meningitis should be suspected as a cause of these autonomic disturbances.
Orbital rhabdomyosarcoma and traumatic neuroma following enucleation for a uveal schwannoma in a dog: a case report
Authors: McDonald Jessica E. , Knollinger Amy M. , Teixeira Leandro B. , Dubielzig Richard R. 
Published: February 2017

Key Clinical MessageA 4‐year‐old, female spayed Siberian husky with history of a uveal schwannoma presented for orbital swelling 9 months after enucleation. A second, malignant tumor developed in the same orbit. Therefore, uveal schwannomas may warrant early surgical intervention in the dog.
Olfactory identification in patients with schizophrenia – the influence of β-endorphin and calcitonin gene-related peptide concentrations
Authors: Urban-Kowalczyk M. , Śmigielski J. , Strzelecki D. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between the olfactory system and emotional processing is an area of growing interest in schizophrenia research. Both the orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala are involved in the processing of olfactory information, and olfactory deficits may be also influenced by endogenous opioids and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which is probably involved in dopaminergic transmission. However, the relationship between endorphins and dopaminergic transmission has not been fully explored.MethodsOdor identification performance and valence interaction was evaluated among 50 schizophrenic patients and 50 controls. Schizophrenia symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). All study participants were subjected to the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), blood β-endorphin (BE) and CGRP measurement.ResultsInsignificantly higher BE concentrations were observed in the patient group, while significantly higher UPSIT scores were seen in controls (mean UPSIT 32.48 vs 26.82). The patients demonstrated significantly more identification errors for pleasant (P = 0.000) and neutral (P = 0.055) odors than for unpleasant odors. Patients with higher BE concentrations made more identification errors concerning pleasant (Rs = −0.292; P = 0.04) and neutral odors (Rs = −0.331; P = 0.019). Although the concentration of CGRP was significantly higher in the patient sample (P < 0.001), no relationship was observed between concentration and UPSIT performance. A strong negative correlation was observed between PANSS N score and UPSIT total score (Rs = −0.646; P = 0.000), between PANSS N score and identification by valence for pleasant and neutral odors (UPSIT n/16: Rs = −0.450, P = 0.001; UPSIT n/15: Rs = −0.586, P = 0.000), and a weak negative correlation between PANSS N score and identification of unpleasant odors (UPSIT n/9: Rs = −0.325, P = 0.021).ConclusionsSchizophrenic patients present a unique pattern of smell identification characterized by aberrant hedonic ratings for pleasant odors but not unpleasant ones. Individuals with predominant negative symptoms and higher BE concentrations are most able to identify negative odors.
Suicidality and hospitalisation in patients with borderline personality disorder who experience auditory verbal hallucinations
Authors: Slotema C.W. , Niemantsverdriet M.B.A. , Blom J.D. , van der Gaag M. , Hoek H.W. , Sommer I.E.C. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundIn patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD), about 22–50% experience auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH). However, the impact of these hallucinations on suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, crisis-service interventions, and hospital admissions is unknown.MethodsIn a cross-sectional design, data were collected with the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales (PSYRATS) and the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview Plus, as well as from the medical records of a convenience sample of outpatients fulfilling the DSM-IV criteria for BPD.ResultsOf the 89 included patients, 27 experienced AVH. In the latter group, the presence of AVH was associated with a significantly higher incidence of suicidal plans and attempts in the month prior to study participation, more hospitalisations, and a shorter interval until hospitalisation. All subscales of the PSYRATS correlated positively with suicide plans, while the phenomenological and emotional subscales also correlated positively with suicide attempts. Moreover, higher scores on the emotional subscale were associated with more hospital admissions.ConclusionsAVH experienced by patients with BPD might constitute a risk factor for suicide plans and attempts, and hospitalisation. This finding emphasises that this population requires adequate clinical attention, as well as effective treatment for AVH.
Effect of Single-Treatment, Surface-Cooled Radiofrequency Therapy on Vaginal Laxity and Female Sexual Function: The VIVEVE I Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Krychman Michael , Rowan Christopher G. , Allan Bruce B. , DeRogatis Leonard , Durbin Scott , Yacoubian Ashley , Wilkerson Deborah 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Introduction
Vaginal laxity is a highly prevalent and undertreated medical condition.

Aim
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of surface-cooled, monopolar radiofrequency (RFc) therapy for the treatment of vaginal laxity in the VIVEVE I trial.

Methods
The VIVEVE I trial was a prospective, randomized, single-blinded, and sham-controlled study. Nine study centers in Canada, Italy, Spain, and Japan participated. Women presenting with vaginal laxity were screened and informed consent was obtained. Major study inclusion criteria were premenopausal status, age at least 18 years, at least one full-term vaginal delivery, and normal genito-pelvic examination results. Enrolled subjects were randomized (2:1) to receive RFc therapy (Active [90 J/cm2] vs Sham [1 J/cm2], respectively) delivered to the vaginal tissue.

Main Outcome Measures
The primary efficacy outcome was the proportion of randomized subjects reporting “no vaginal laxity” (Active vs Sham) at 6 months postintervention, which was assessed using the Vaginal Laxity Questionnaire. Treatment-emergent adverse events were evaluated in all treated subjects. Secondary efficacy end points included change on the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and the revised Female Sexual Distress Scale (FSDS-R).

Results
No vaginal laxity was achieved by 43.5% and 19.6% (P = .002) in the Active and Sham groups, respectively. Differences in FSFI and FSDS-R total scores (Active vs Sham) were 1.8 (P = .031) and −2.42 (P = .056), respectively, in favor of Active treatment. Treatment-emergent adverse events were reported by 11.1% and 12.3% of subjects in the Active and Sham arms, respectively.

Conclusion
The VIVEVE I trial is the first randomized, controlled, blinded, clinical study of RFc for the treatment of vaginal laxity. A single treatment of RFc therapy was found to be safe and associated with both improved vaginal laxity and improved sexual function. The results from this trial support the use of a novel non-surgical therapy for vaginal laxity, a prevalent and undertreated condition.
The heavenly witness to God: Karl Barth's doctrine of angels
Authors: Lindsay Mark 
Published: February 2017

AbstractKarl Barth's doctrine of angels has yet to receive sustained scholarly attention. This article begins the work of addressing that omission. In particular, it argues that Barth's unique construal of the angelic being and purpose compels him to propose that the angels have a mediatorial function in the service of God's revelation. While being both necessary to and consistent with Barth's description of the angels’ ontology, this service of mediation contradicts his earlier doctrine of revelation and is superfluous to it.
Alteration of Multiple Leukocyte Gene Expression Networks is Linked with Magnetic Resonance Markers of Prognosis After Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Teren A. , Kirsten H. , Beutner F. , Scholz M. , Holdt L. M. , Teupser D. , Gutberlet M. , Thiery J. , Schuler G. , Eitel I. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPrognostic relevant pathways of leukocyte involvement in human myocardial ischemic-reperfusion injury are largely unknown. We enrolled 136 patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) after primary angioplasty within 12 h after onset of symptoms. Following reperfusion, whole blood was collected within a median time interval of 20 h (interquartile range: 15–25 h) for genome-wide gene expression analysis. Subsequent CMR scans were performed using a standard protocol to determine infarct size (IS), area at risk (AAR), myocardial salvage index (MSI) and the extent of late microvascular obstruction (lateMO). We found 398 genes associated with lateMO and two genes with IS. Neither AAR, nor MSI showed significant correlations with gene expression. Genes correlating with lateMO were strongly related to several canonical pathways, including positive regulation of T-cell activation (p = 3.44 × 10−5), and regulation of inflammatory response (p = 1.86 × 10−3). Network analysis of multiple gene expression alterations associated with larger lateMO identified the following functional consequences: facilitated utilisation and decreased concentration of free fatty acid, repressed cell differentiation, enhanced phagocyte movement, increased cell death, vascular disease and compensatory vasculogenesis. In conclusion, the extent of lateMO after acute, reperfused STEMI correlated with altered activation of multiple genes related to fatty acid utilisation, lymphocyte differentiation, phagocyte mobilisation, cell survival, and vascular dysfunction.
Mapping the basal ganglia alterations in children chronically exposed to manganese
Authors: Lao Yi , Dion Laurie-Anne , Gilbert Guillaume , Bouchard Maryse F. , Rocha Gabriel , Wang Yalin , Leporé Natasha , Saint-Amour Dave 
Published: February 2017

AbstractChronic manganese (Mn) exposure is associated with neuromotor and neurocognitive deficits, but the exact mechanism of Mn neurotoxicity is still unclear. With the advent of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in-vivo analysis of brain structures has become possible. Among different sub-cortical structures, the basal ganglia (BG) has been investigated as a putative anatomical biomarker in MR-based studies of Mn toxicity. However, previous investigations have yielded inconsistent results in terms of regional MR signal intensity changes. These discrepancies may be due to the subtlety of brain alterations caused by Mn toxicity, coupled to analysis techniques that lack the requisite detection power. Here, based on brain MRI, we apply a 3D surface-based morphometry method on 3 bilateral basal ganglia structures in school-age children chronically exposed to Mn through drinking water to investigate the effect of Mn exposure on brain anatomy. Our method successfully pinpointed significant enlargement of many areas of the basal ganglia structures, preferentially affecting the putamen. Moreover, these areas showed significant correlations with fine motor performance, indicating a possible link between altered basal ganglia neurodevelopment and declined motor performance in high Mn exposed children.
Hepatocyte growth factor secreted by bone marrow stem cell reduce ER stress and improves repair in alveolar epithelial II cells
Authors: Nita Izabela , Hostettler Katrin , Tamo Luca , Medová Michaela , Bombaci Giuseppe , Zhong Jun , Allam Ramanjaneyulu , Zimmer Yitzhak , Roth Michael , Geiser Thomas , Gazdhar Amiq 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIdiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, irreversible lung disease with complex pathophysiology. Evidence of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been reported in alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) in IPF patients. Secreted mediators from bone marrow stem cells (BMSC-cm) have regenerative properties. In this study we investigate the beneficial effects of BMSC-cm on ER stress response in primary AEC and ER stressed A549 cells. We hypothesize that BMSC-cm reduces ER stress. Primary AEC isolated from IPF patients were treated with BMSC-cm. To induce ER stress A549 cells were incubated with Tunicamycin or Thapsigargin and treated with BMSC-cm, or control media. Primary IPF-AEC had high Grp78 and CHOP gene expression, which was lowered after BMSC-cm treatment. Similar results were observed in ER stressed A549 cells. Alveolar epithelial repair increased in presence of BMSC-cm in ER stressed A549 cells. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was detected in biologically relevant levels in BMSC-cm. Neutralization of HGF in BMSC-cm attenuated the beneficial effects of BMSC-cm including synthesis of surfactant protein C (SP-C) in primary AEC, indicating a crucial role of HGF in ER homeostasis and alveolar epithelial repair. Our data suggest that BMSC-cm may be a potential therapeutic option for treating pulmonary fibrosis.