bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multivariate Analysis of Factors Influencing Facial Nerve Outcome following Microsurgical Resection of Vestibular Schwannoma
Authors: Torres Renato , Nguyen Yann , Vanier Antoine , Smail Mustapha , Ferrary Evelyne , Sterkers Olivier , Kalamarides Michel , Bernardeschi Daniele 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo assess through multivariate analysis the clinical pre‐ and intraoperative factors of facial nerve outcomes at day 8 and 1‐year recovery of facial palsy, as compared with day 8 status among patients who underwent total resection of unilateral vestibular schwannoma.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary referral center.Subjects and MethodsThis study included 229 patients with preoperative normal facial function and anatomic preservation of the facial nerve. Clinical, radiologic, and intraoperative factors were assessed according to facial nerve function at day 8 and 1 year.ResultsWe observed that 74% and 84% of patients had good facial function (House‐Brackmann [HB] I‐II) at day 8 and 1 year, respectively. Of 60 patients, 26 (43%) who had impaired facial function (HB III‐VI) at day 8 recovered good facial function (HB I‐II) 1 year after surgery. A structured equation model showed that advanced tumor stage and strong facial nerve adhesion were independently associated with facial nerve conduction block at day 8. No predictive factor of impaired facial function recovery was seen at 1 year. In terms of the extracanalicular diameter of the tumor, the cutoff point to minimize the risk of impaired facial function was 16 mm.ConclusionAt day 8 after vestibular schwannoma resection, facial function was impaired in the case of large tumors or strong facial nerve adhesion to the tumor. After 1 year, less than half of the patients recovered good facial function, and no predictive factor was found to be associated with this possible recovery.
Mitochondria‐Targeted Antioxidant Mitoquinone Reduces Cisplatin‐Induced Ototoxicity in Guinea Pigs
Authors: Tate Alan D. , Antonelli Patrick J. , Hannabass Kyle R. , Dirain Carolyn O. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo determine if mitoquinone (MitoQ) attenuates cisplatin‐induced hearing loss in guinea pigs.Study DesignProspective and controlled animal study.SettingAcademic, tertiary medical center.Subjects and MethodsGuinea pigs were injected subcutaneously with either 5 mg/kg MitoQ (n = 9) or normal saline (control, n = 9) for 7 days and 1 hour before receiving a single dose of 10 mg/kg cisplatin. Auditory brainstem response thresholds were measured before MitoQ or saline administration and 3 to 4 days after cisplatin administration.ResultsAuditory brainstem response threshold shifts after cisplatin treatment were smaller by 28 to 47 dB in guinea pigs injected with MitoQ compared with those in the control group at all tested frequencies (4, 8, 16, and 24 kHz, P =. 0002 to. 04). Scanning electron microscopy of cochlear hair cells showed less outer hair cell loss and damage in the MitoQ group.ConclusionMitoQ reduced cisplatin‐induced hearing loss in guinea pigs. MitoQ appears worthy of further investigation as a means of preventing cisplatin ototoxicity in humans.
Does pain sensitivity change by migraine phase? A blinded longitudinal study
Authors: Uglem Martin , Omland Petter Moe , Nilsen Kristian Bernhard , Tronvik Erling , Stovner Lars Jacob , Hagen Knut , Linde Mattias , Sand Trond 
Published: November 2016

Objective Studies suggest that pain thresholds may be altered before and during migraine headaches, but it is still debated if a central or peripheral dysfunction is responsible for the onset of pain in migraine. The present blinded longitudinal study explores alterations in thermal pain thresholds and suprathreshold heat pain scores before, during, and after headache. Methods We measured pain thresholds to cold and heat, and pain scores to 30 seconds of suprathreshold heat four times in 49 migraineurs and once in 31 controls. Sessions in migraineurs were categorized by migraine diaries as interictal, preictal (≤one day before attack), ictal or postictal (≤one day after attack). Results Trigeminal cold pain thresholds were decreased ( p = 0.014) and pain scores increased ( p = 0.031) in the ictal compared to the interictal phase. Initial pain scores were decreased ( p < 0.029), and the temporal profile showed less adaptation ( p < 0.020) in the preictal compared to the interictal phase. Hand cold pain thresholds were decreased in interictal migraineurs compared to controls ( p < 0.019). Conclusion Preictal heat hypoalgesia and reduced adaptation was followed by ictal trigeminal cold suballodynia and heat hyperalgesia. Our results support that cyclic alterations of pain perception occur late in the prodromal phase before headache. Further longitudinal investigation of how pain physiology changes within the migraine cycle is important to gain a more complete understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms behind the migraine attack.
Mental Health Services in NCAA Division I Athletics: A Survey of Head ATCs
Authors: Sudano Laura E. , Miles Christopher M. 
Published: November 2016

Background: There is a growing awareness of the importance of mental health care in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) student-athletes; however, there is a lack of literature on mental health resources in collegiate settings. Identifying current practices can set the stage to improve the delivery of care. Hypothesis: There is great variability in resources and current practices and no “standard of care” exists. Study Design: Observational, quantitative. Level of Evidence: Level 5. Methods: One hundred twenty-seven (36% response rate) head athletic trainers at Division I NCAA member colleges completed a web-based survey. Questions assessed several aspects of mental health clinicians, perception of care coordination, and screening. Results: Seventy-two percent of respondents noted that counseling took place in a counseling center, and 20.5% of respondents indicated that they had a mental health provider who worked in the athletic training room. Mental health clinician credentials included marriage and family therapist, psychologist, clinical social worker, and psychiatrist. The majority of athletic trainers (ATCs) noted that they are satisfied with the feedback from the mental health provider about the student-athletes’ mental health (57.3%) and believe that they would be able to provide better care to student-athletes if mental health services occurred onsite in the training room (46.4%). Fewer than half (43%) indicated that they use screening instruments to assess for mental health disorders. Conclusion: There is wide variability on how mental health services are provided to NCAA Division 1 student-athletes. Some mental health care providers are located offsite, while some provide care in the training room setting. Also, there are inconsistencies in the use of standardized screening tools for mental health evaluation. There is no standard collaborative or integrated care delivery model for student-athletes. Clinical Relevance: Opportunities exist for standardization through integrated care models and increased use of validated screening tools to deliver comprehensive care to student-athletes.
Fetal and adult progenitors give rise to unique populations of CD8+ T cells
Authors: Wang Jocelyn , Wissink Erin M. , Watson Neva B. , Smith Norah L. , Grimson Andrew , Rudd Brian D. 
Published: November 2016

Key PointsNeonatal and adult CD8+ T cells adopt different fates after infection because they are derived from distinct progenitor cells. Lin28b may regulate the developmental switch from fetal to adult CD8+ T cells.
Testing, characterization and modelling of mechanical behaviour of poly (lactic-acid) and poly (butylene succinate) blends
Authors: Qiu T. Y. , Song M. , Zhao L. G. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Background
Significant amount of research, both experimental and numerical, has been conducted to study the mechanical behaviour of biodegradable polymer PL(L)A due to its wide range of applications. However, mechanical brittleness or poor elongation of PL(L)A has limited its applications considerably, particularly in the biomedical field. This study aims to study the potential in improving the ductility of PLA by blending with PBS in varied weight ratios.

Methods
The preparation of PLA and PBS blends, with various weight ratios, was achieved by melting and mixing technique at high temperature using HAAKE™ Rheomix OS Mixer. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was applied to investigate the melting behaviour, crystallization and miscibility of the blends. Small dog-bone specimens, produced by compression moulding, were used to test mechanical properties under uniaxial tension. Moreover, an advanced viscoplastic model with nonlinear hardening variables was applied to simulate rate-dependent plastic deformation of PLA/PBS blends, with model parameters calibrated simultaneously against the tensile test data.

Results
Optical Microscopy showed that PBS composition aid with the crystallization of PLA. The elongation of PLA/PBS blends increased with the increase of PBS content, but with a compromise of tensile modulus and strength. An increase of strain rate led to enhanced stress response, demonstrating the time-dependent deformation nature of the material. Model simulations of time-dependent plastic deformation for PLA/PBS blends compared well with experimental results.

Conclusions
The crystallinity of PLA/PBS blends increased with the addition of PBS content. The brittleness of pure PLA can be improved by blending with ductile PBS using mechanical mixing technique, but with a loss of stiffness and strength. The tensile tests at different strain rates confirmed the time-dependent plastic deformation nature of the blends, i.e., viscoplasticity, which can be simulated by the Chaboche viscoplastic model with nonlinear hardening variables.
Emerging biological roles of Cl− intracellular channel proteins
Authors: Argenzio Elisabetta , Moolenaar Wouter H. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Cl− intracellular channels (CLICs) are a family of six evolutionary conserved cytosolic proteins that exist in both soluble and membrane-associated forms; however, their functions have long been elusive. Soluble CLICs adopt a glutathione S-transferase (GST)-fold, can induce ion currents in artificial membranes and show oxidoreductase activity in vitro, but there is no convincing evidence of CLICs having such activities in vivo. Recent studies have revealed a role for CLIC proteins in Rho-regulated cortical actin dynamics as well as vesicular trafficking and integrin recycling, the latter of which are under the control of Rab GTPases. In this Commentary, we discuss the emerging roles of CLIC proteins in these processes and the lessons learned from gene-targeting studies. We also highlight outstanding questions regarding the molecular function(s) of these important but still poorly understood proteins.
Is diazepam or lorazepam the most effective benzodiazepine for use in paramedic management of convulsive seizures in adults?
Authors: Matthew Gridley , Perry Matt 
Published: November 2016

Diazepam, a drug from the benzodiazepine family, has been used for the acute management of status epilepticus outside of hospital since its introduction in 1963 ( Roche, 2007 ). Although known to be an effective treatment for the termination and subsequent prophylaxis of seizures ( Dreifuss et al, 1998 ), there have been a number of developments in benzodiazepine production since its emergence, leading to the discovery of alternative agents. The Human Medicines Regulations (2012) provides registered paramedics with legal exemption in relation to the administration of diazepam, but does not allow for the autonomous use of any other benzodiazepine medications. Therefore, unless patient specific or patient group directions exist, diazepam remains the only benzodiazepine generally available to ambulance clinicians despite the presence of alternatives that may be more effective. This article compares and contrasts the available literature regarding the qualities of diazepam with those of lorazepam in the setting of managing convulsive status epilepticus. The authors found that lorazepam is often reported to be more effective in terminating seizures than diazepam. Lorazepam may offer a more effective, safer and cheaper treatment option for the management of seizures in the pre-hospital environment.
Biochemistry, Therapeutics, and Biomarker Implications of Neprilysin in Cardiorenal Disease
Authors: Chen Yang , Burnett John C 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Neprilysin (NEP) is a membrane-bound neutral endopeptidase that degrades a variety of bioactive peptides. The substrates include natriuretic peptides (NPs), which are important regulating mediators for cardiovascular and renal biology. Inhibition of NEP activity and exogenous NP administration thus have emerged as potential therapeutic strategies for treating cardiorenal diseases. More recently, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) or N-terminal-proBNP (NT-proBNP), 3′-5′ cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), and soluble NEP as biomarkers have also been investigated in heart failure (HF) trials and their predictive value are beginning to be recognized.

CONTENT
The biological functions of NEP and NPs are discussed. Enhancing NPs through NEP inhibition combined with renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) antagonism has proved to be successful in HF treatment, although future surveillance studies will be required. Direct NP enhancement through peptide delivery may have fewer potentially hazardous effects compared to NEP inhibition. Strategies of combined inhibition on NEP with other cardiorenal pathophysiological pathways are promising. Finally, monitoring BNP/NT-proBNP/cGMP concentrations during NEP inhibition treatment may provide supplemental benefits to conventional biomarkers, and the identification of soluble NEP as a novel biomarker for HF needs further investigation.

SUMMARY
In this review, the biology of NEP is summarized, with a focus on NP regulation. The degradation of NPs by NEP provides the rationale for NEP inhibition as a strategy for cardiorenal disease treatment. We also describe the current therapeutic strategies of NEP inhibition and NP therapeutics in cardiorenal diseases. Moreover, the discovery of its circulating form, soluble NEP, as a biomarker is also discussed.
Specificity of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Assays: Cross-Reactivity with Different BNP, NT-proBNP, and proBNP Peptides
Authors: Saenger Amy K , Rodriguez-Fraga Olaia , Ler Ranka , Ordonez-Llanos Jordi , Jaffe Allan S , Goetze Jens Peter , Apple Fred S 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDB-type natriuretic peptides (BNPs) are used clinically to diagnose and monitor heart failure and are present in the circulation as multiple proBNP-derived fragments. We investigated the specificity of BNP immunoassays with glycosylated and nonglycosylated BNP, N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP), and proBNP peptides to probe the cross-reactivity of each assay.METHODSNine B-type natriuretic peptides were studied,including synthetic and recombinant BNP (Shionogi, Scios, Mayo), human and synthetic glycosylated and nonglycosylated NT-proBNP (HyTest, Roche Diagnostics), and human glycosylated and nonglycosylated proBNP (HyTest, Scios). Five BNP [Abbott, Abbott POC, Alere, Beckman Coulter, Siemens (Centaur)], 9 NT-proBNP [Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, Roche, Response, bioMerieux, Siemens (Dimension, Immulite, Stratus CS), Mitsubishi] and 3 research-use-only proBNP immunoassays [Biosite (Alere), Bio-Rad, Goetze] were evaluated. Specificity was assessed by calculating the recovery between baseline and peptide-spiked human plasma pools at target concentrations of 100 ng/L BNP, 300 ng/L proBNP, or 450 ng/L NT-proBNP. All assays were performed in duplicate.RESULTSBNP and NT-proBNP assays demonstrated substantial cross-reactivity with proBNP peptides. NT-proBNP assays do not detect glycosylated forms of either NT-proBNP or proBNP. proBNP assays preferentially detect the BNP 1–32 peptide and have minimal cross-reactivity with BNP peptides and glycosylated proBNP.CONCLUSIONSBNP or NT-proBNP results are not transferable among the current existing immunoassays owing to their differences in cross-reactivity and ability to detect various glycosylated forms of proBNP-derived fragments. Opportunities remain to standardize and harmonize BNP and NT-proBNP assays, as well as to develop specific proBNP assays, to widen their clinical scope of use.
Der ‚Blick hinter die Fassade‘
Authors: Baier Sebastian 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Ausgangspunkt und Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags ist die Verknüpfung von weiten soziologischen und engen instrumentellen Perspektiven auf Evaluationen im Kulturbetrieb. Durch die Kombination von Einsichten einer ‚Soziologie der Bewertungen‘ und Konzepten des ‚Neo-Insititutionalismus‘ mit dem spezifischen empirischen Rahmen eines Zertifizierungssystems für Museen in Niedersachsen und Bremen, soll ein mögliches Forschungsdesign für tiefgehende Analysen von formalisierten Bewertungspraktiken im Kulturbereich skizziert werden. Die Wirkungsweisen von Evaluationen zeigen sich dann als weitaus vielfältiger als oftmals angenommen - statt erwünschter Professionalisierung oder gefürchteter Vereinheitlichung scheint vielmehr zu gelten: „We coexist in a world filled with standards but not in a standard world.“ In Anbetracht der gegenwärtigen Bemühungen hinsichtlich einer ‚konzeptbasierten Kulturpolitik‘ oder ‚kriteriengeleiteten Kulturförderung‘ erscheint eine differenzierte Auseinandersetzung mit Evaluationspraktiken im Kulturbereich als eine relevante Herausforderung der Kulturmanagementforschung.
Russian crisis from the viewpoint of construction and tourism industries<p>Yapım ve turizm sektörlerinin bakış açısından Rusya krizi
Authors: Erbaş İkbal 
Published: November 2016

In a country, political and economic stability is the primary condition for self-improvement in every area of that country. Although political or economic agitation sometimes create different opportunities for some sectors, most of the time it leads to serious losses. Losses, which manifest itself in the locomotive sector which can provide the foundation for a strong economy, are spreading rapidly to other sub-sectors of with the domino effect. The purpose of this study is to reveal the tourism and construction industries representatives` perspectives on the crisis between Turkey and Russia in November 2015. For this purpose, a survey conducted for comparing the tourism professionals` and architects` perspectives on crisis in Antalya province situated in first place in our country with the income tourism provides. Research results shows that Turkey-Russia crisis had affected negatively both of the sectors similarly as well in a different way from other crisis that are lived before. Both of the groups think that solution could be achieved only through government policies. ÖzetBir ülkedeki siyasi ve ekonomik istikrar o ülkenin her alanda kendini geliştirebilmesi açısından birincil koşuldur. Siyasi ya da ekonomik çalkalanmalar kimi zaman bazı sektörler için farklı fırsatlar yaratmasına rağmen çoğu zaman ciddi kayıplara neden olmaktadır. Güçlü bir ekonominin sağlanabilmesi için temel dayanak olan lokomotif sektörlerde kendini gösteren kayıplar, domino etkisiyle diğer alt sektörlere de hızla yayılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı 2015 yılı Kasım ayında Türkiye ve Rusya arasında yaşanan politik krize turizm ve yapım sektörleri temsilcilerinin bakış açılarını ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaçla çalışmada uygulanan anket ile ülkemizde sağladığı turizm geliriyle ilk sıralarda yer alan Antalya ilinde turizmcilerin ve mimarların krize bakış açıları karşılaştırılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları göstermektedir ki Türkiye- Rusya krizi diğer krizlerden farklı bir şekilde her iki sektörü de benzer şekilde olumsuz yönde etkilemiştir. Her iki grup sektör temsilcileri de çözümün ancak devlet politikaları sayesinde sağlanabileceği görüşündedir.
A pathogenic role for the integrin CD103 in experimental allergic airways disease
Authors: Fear Vanessa S. , Lai Siew Ping , Zosky Graeme R. , Perks Kara L. , Gorman Shelley , Blank Fabian , von Garnier Christophe , Stumbles Philip A. , Strickland Deborah H. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe integrin CD103 is the αE chain of integrin αEβ7 that is important in the maintenance of intraepithelial lymphocytes and recruitment of T cells and dendritic cells (DC) to mucosal surfaces. The role of CD103 in intestinal immune homeostasis has been well described, however, its role in allergic airway inflammation is less well understood. In this study, we used an ovalbumin (OVA)‐induced, CD103‐knockout (KO) BALB/c mouse model of experimental allergic airways disease (EAAD) to investigate the role of CD103 in disease expression, CD4+ T‐cell activation and DC activation and function in airways and lymph nodes. We found reduced airways hyper‐responsiveness and eosinophil recruitment to airways after aerosol challenge of CD103 KO compared to wild‐type (WT) mice, although CD103 KO mice showed enhanced serum OVA‐specific IgE levels. Following aerosol challenge, total numbers of effector and regulatory CD4+ T‐cell subsets were significantly increased in the airways of WT but not CD103 KO mice, as well as a lack of DC recruitment into the airways in the absence of CD103. While total airway DC numbers, and their in vivo allergen capture activity, were essentially normal in steady‐state CD103 KO mice, migration of allergen‐laden airway DC to draining lymph nodes was disrupted in the absence of CD103 at 24 h after aerosol challenge. These data support a role for CD103 in the pathogenesis of EAAD in BALB/c mice through local control of CD4+ T cell and DC subset recruitment to, and migration from, the airway mucosa during induction of allergic inflammation.
Intravital imaging of mouse urothelium reveals activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase by stretch‐induced intravesical release of ATP
Authors: Sano Takeshi , Kobayashi Takashi , Negoro Hiromitsu , Sengiku Atsushi , Hiratsuka Takuya , Kamioka Yuji , Liou Louis S. , Ogawa Osamu , Matsuda Michiyuki 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTo better understand the roles played by signaling molecules in the bladder, we established a protocol of intravital imaging of the bladder of mice expressing a Förster/fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensor for extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), which plays critical roles not only in cell growth but also stress responses. With an upright two‐photon excitation microscope and a vacuum‐stabilized imaging window, cellular ERK activity was visualized in the whole bladder wall, from adventitia to urothelium. We found that bladder distention caused by elevated intravesical pressure (IVP) activated ERK in the urothelium, but not in the detrusor smooth muscle. When bladder distension was prevented, high IVP failed to activate ERK, suggesting that mechanical stretch, but not the high IVP, caused ERK activation. To delineate its molecular mechanism, the stretch‐induced ERK activation was reproduced in an hTERT‐immortalized human urothelial cell line (TRT‐HU1) in vitro. We found that uniaxial stretch raised the ATP concentration in the culture medium and that inhibition of ATP signaling by apyrase or suramin suppressed the stretch‐induced ERK activation in TRT‐HU1 cells. In agreement with this in vitro observation, pretreatment with apyrase or suramin suppressed the high IVP‐induced urothelial ERK activation in vivo. Thus, we propose that mechanical stretch induces intravesical secretion of ATP and thereby activates ERK in the urothelium. Our method of intravital imaging of the bladder of FRET biosensor‐expressing mice should open a pathway for the future association of physiological stimuli with the activities of intracellular signaling networks.