bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Training Child Learners on Nonnative Vowel Contrasts With Phonetic Training: The Role of Task and Variability
Authors: Brekelmans Gwen , Evans Bronwen G. , Wonnacott Elizabeth 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSubstantial research suggests that high variability (multitalker) phonetic training helps second language (L2) adults improve differentiation of challenging nonnative speech sounds. Is such training also useful for L2 children? Existing studies have mixed findings and important limitations. We investigate the potential benefits of computerized phonetic training for 50 Dutch 7‐year‐olds and 39 11‐year‐olds trained on English vowel contrasts in a 2‐week study in a classroom setting. Half received multitalker, and half received single‐talker input (i.e., high variability vs. low variability; HV vs. LV), with learning evaluated by a battery of tests. Both groups improved in training; however, 11‐year‐olds improved more. Moreover, 11‐year‐olds showed generalization to novel talkers, and 7‐year‐olds did not, with Bayes factor analyses providing evidence for the null. Generalisation in 11‐year‐olds was no greater following HV than LV input, with evidence for the null on one of two tasks where generalization was found. Results are discussed in terms of the interplay between age, task demands, and talker variability.
Effectiveness of lipid‐based nutrient supplementation during the first 1000 days of life for early childhood development: A community‐based trial from Pakistan
Authors: Imtiaz Ayesha , ul Haq Zia , Doi Suhail A. R. , Fazid Sheraz , Khan Muhammad Naseem 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA community‐based, cluster non‐randomized controlled trial was conducted in Kurram district, Pakistan between January 2018 to December 2020. Age‐appropriate lipid‐based nutrient supplements and health education (sessions conducted in the households) were given to pregnant women and their born children (6–23 months) in the intervention arm (n = 40 clusters) versus health education only in the control arm (n = 40 clusters) to evaluate its effect on child development. The first and second developmental assessments were completed at ~24 months (n = 689) and ~32 months (n = 608), respectively, using the Caregiver‐Reported Early Development Instrument Long form. The overall and domain‐specific (motor, language, cognitive and socio‐emotional) scores were computed with higher scores indicating better child development. Higher development scores, including overall (β = 0.40, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.14, 0.65; p = 0.002), cognitive (β = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.45; p = 0.002), motor (β = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.22, 0.56; p < 0.001) and language (β = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.51; p = 0.001) were reported for children who received the intervention compared to the control arm at first developmental assessment. However, the effect was not sustained after the discontinuation of the intervention. The LNS received by the mothers (during pregnancy and first 6 months after delivery) and by children during 6–23 months of age was beneficial for the children. The trial is registered in the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number Registry (ID: ISRCTN94319790) on December 11, 2017.
How emotional contagion shapes spiritual care competence: Insights from a cross‐sectional study on intensive care nurses
Authors: Koroglu Sevgi , Öksüz Emine 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundIntensive care units (ICUs) are environments where nurses are open to emotional interactions because of complex structures and dynamic relationships. Nurses' susceptibility to emotional contagion and their spiritual care competence may affect the quality of care by influencing their ability to manage and respond to the emotional dynamics present in these environments.AimThis study aimed to determine the level of emotional contagion and spiritual care competence in intensive care nurses.Study DesignThis study is a descriptive cross‐sectional study conducted with 199 nurses working in the ICUs of a training and research hospital in Turkey. The data were collected between December 2021 and June 2022 using the Emotional Contagion Scale (ECS) and the Spiritual Care Competence Scale (SCCS).ResultsThe mean score of the nurses was 50.29 ± 15.36 on the ECS and 90.29 ± 29.53 on the SCCS. A statistically significant difference was found between the ECS and SCCS and gender, marital status, weekly working hours and some approaches about spiritual care (p < .05). It was determined that there was a statistically significant positive correlation between the total scales and sub‐dimensions of the ECS and SCCS (p < .05). In this study, it was found that intensive care nurses' susceptibility to emotional contagion was high, and that their spiritual care competence was at a moderate level. The results show that gender, marital status, weekly working hours, type of ICU and some approaches about spiritual care are crucial factors in nurses' emotional contagion and spiritual care competence. In addition, as the intensive care nurses' susceptibility to emotional contagion increased, their spiritual care competence also increased.ConclusionsThe results of this study will guide the planning of interventions to protect intensive care nurses from the negative effects of emotional contagion and increase their spiritual care competence.Relevance to Clinical PracticeIt is necessary to protect intensive care nurses from the negative effects of emotional contagion and to increase their competences in spiritual care.
Dual role of Sfrp4 in bone remodelling during orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: Wang Qing , Wang Xuan , Chen Yanzheng , Pan Jinsong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to determine changes in gene expression by establishing an orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) rat model with appropriate and excessive orthodontic force.Materials and MethodsUsing a closed coil nickel‐titanium spring, the OTM was carried out to apply a mesial force of 50 or 100 g to the maxillary first molars. Micro‐CT, histological and immunohistochemical staining were used to evaluate the bone formation at the tension site and the bone resorption and bone formation at pressure site. Then RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were performed.ResultsAccording to the results of the Mirco‐CT scan of OTM rat models, both the 50 g group and the 100 g group showed variable degrees of reduction in alveolar bone density on the tension and pressure sides. The results of histological and immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that the periodontal tissue and osteogenic ability of the 50 g group were restored at the 14 days, while the 100 g group caused severe periodontal tissue damage. The GO and KEGG analysis results, as well as the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), varied depending on the loading time and value of appliance, according to the results of the RNA sequencing. And the immunohistochemical staining results showed that Sfrp4 functioned by efficiently influencing both bone formation and bone absorption.ConclusionsAppropriate orthodontic force value could cause appropriate movement of teeth in rats without adverse periodontal damage. Simultaneously, distinct gene expression patterns were observed at various force levels and time intervals.
Metabolic engineering‐induced transcriptome reprogramming of lipid biosynthesis enhances oil composition in oat
Authors: Zhou Zhou , Kaur Rajvinder , Donoso Thomas , Ohm Jae‐Bom , Gupta Rajeev , Lefsrud Mark , Singh Jaswinder 
Published: September 2024

SummaryThe endeavour to elevate the nutritional value of oat (Avena sativa) by altering the oil composition and content positions it as an optimal crop for fostering human health and animal feed. However, optimization of oil traits on oat through conventional breeding is challenging due to its quantitative nature and complexity of the oat genome. We introduced two constructs containing three key genes integral to lipid biosynthesis and/or regulatory pathways from Arabidopsis (AtWRI1 and AtDGAT1) and Sesame (SiOLEOSIN) into the oat cultivar ‘Park’ to modify the fatty acid composition. Four homozygous transgenic lines were generated with a transformation frequency of 7%. The expression of these introduced genes initiated a comprehensive transcriptional reprogramming in oat grains and leaves. Notably, endogenous DGAT, WRI1 and OLEOSIN genes experienced upregulation, while genes associated with fatty acid biosynthesis, such as KASII, SACPD and FAD2, displayed antagonistic expression patterns between oat grains and leaves. Transcriptomic analyses highlighted significant differential gene expression, particularly enriched in lipid metabolism. Comparing the transgenic oat plants with the wild type, we observed a remarkable increase of up to 34% in oleic acid content in oat grains. Furthermore, there were marked improvements in the total oil content in oat leaves, as well as primary metabolites changes in both oat grains and leaves, while maintaining homeostasis in the transgenic oat plants. These findings underscore the effectiveness of genetic engineering in manipulating oat oil composition and content, offering promising implications for human consumption and animal feeding through oat crop improvement programmes.
Association Between High Sensitivity Troponin I and NTproBNP With Rejection and Graft Loss in Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipients
Authors: Magnetta Defne A. , Jackson Laurel , Zeevi Adriana , Turnquist Heth R. , Miller Susan A. , West Shawn C. , Murtagh Gillian , Feingold Brian 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundTroponin I is a blood biomarker of cardiac injury and levels measured using a high‐sensitivity assay after pediatric heart transplantation (HT) have not been described. We sought to assess the association between high‐sensitivity troponin I (hsTnI) and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) with treated acute rejection (AR) and graft loss in pediatric heart transplant (HT) recipients.MethodsSerum was collected and banked from pediatric HT recipients prior to cardiac catheterization. Patients with samples drawn within 365 days post‐HT were included and followed for up to 5 years. Generalized linear mixed‐effect models examined the association between hsTnI and treated AR using a random intercept per patient. Cox proportional hazards models tested the association between maximal hsTnI and NT‐proBNP and death/graft loss.ResultsHsTnI and NTproBNP values decline in the weeks following HT, after which these biomarkers stabilize. HsTnI was higher in AR versus no AR (6.2 vs. 3.5 ng/L, p < 0.001); doubling of hsTnI increased the odds of AR by 33% (p = 0.004). HsTnI showed moderate discrimination for AR with an AUC of 0.811 (95% CI 0.76, 0.87) and a NPV of 96.4% (95% CI 93.0, 98.1). Elevation in NT‐proBNP was not associated with AR. In multivariable Cox modeling, a doubling of maximal NT‐proBNP was associated with graft loss (HR 8.96, p = 0.014).ConclusionsIn this pediatric HT cohort, HsTnI was moderately discriminative for AR and higher maximal NT‐proBNP was associated with graft loss. HsTnI may add value in pediatric HT non‐invasive AR surveillance, and elevated NTproBNP could suggest an increased risk of graft loss.
Improvement of Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis After Medical Treatment and Successful Deceased Donor Kidney Transplant in a Child: A Case Report
Authors: Al Riyami Mohamed S. , Altalebi Alaa , Al Hashmi Samiya , Elfar Asama , Al Maskari Anisa , Al Gaithi Badria , Al Saidi Suliman , Al Baloshi Shaika , Al Kalbani Naifain 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundEncapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is an uncommon complication of long‐term peritoneal dialysis (PD). Despite its rarity, EPS significantly increases morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing prolonged peritoneal dialysis. In children on PD, the incidence of EPS ranges from 0.5% to 7.3%.CaseWe present the case of a 13‐year‐old Omani boy diagnosed with end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) secondary to steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome due to diffuse mesangial sclerosis at the age of 2 years. He was started on automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) on the same year and experienced four episodes of peritonitis, which were treated successfully with intraperitoneal (IP) antibiotics. In January 2023, he developed intermittent abdominal pain and chronic constipation, which progressed to daily vomiting, reduced oral intake, and weight loss. He later developed subacute intestinal obstruction which was managed conservatively. A CT scan of the abdomen revealed findings consistent with EPS. Following the diagnosis of EPS, peritoneal dialysis (PD) was discontinued, and the patient transitioned to hemodialysis. Treatment for EPS began with steroids and Tamoxifen. Subsequently, he underwent deceased donor kidney transplantation and was started on multiple immunosuppressive medications. During subsequent follow‐up appointments, he was maintained on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) along with a soft diet. His overall condition improved significantly, enhancing his quality of life.ConclusionThis case highlights the risk of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) in patients undergoing long‐term peritoneal dialysis. Transitioning to hemodialysis and kidney transplantation, combined with targeted treatments such as steroids and Tamoxifen, significantly improved the patient's condition and quality of life. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for effective management of EPS in children.
Reasons and belief
Authors: Fogal Daniel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMuch recent work in epistemology has concerned the relationship between the epistemic and the practical, with a particular focus on the question of how, if at all, practical considerations affect what we ought to believe. Two main positive accounts have been proposed: reasons pragmatism and pragmatic encroachment. According to reasons pragmatism, practical (including moral) considerations can affect what we ought to believe by constituting distinctively practical (i.e., non‐epistemic) reasons for or against belief. According to pragmatic encroachment, practical considerations bear on what we ought to believe by affecting epistemic justification (e.g. how much justification is required to justifiably believe). Both debates center around intuitive judgments about cases together with various principles involving reasons (or justification) and belief, with many contributors in the pragmatism and—to a lesser extent—encroachment debates helping themselves to talk of belief without saying much about what exactly they have in mind. There has also been a tendency to overlook potentially relevant distinctions among different kinds of reasons that have been drawn elsewhere. The goal of this paper is to argue that greater clarity and care concerning both reasons and belief is called for. Increased sensitivity to various subtleties will not only minimize the chances of unwittingly engaging in merely verbal disputes but also allow us to better navigate the pragmatism and encroachment debates.
Nutrient competition between female cones and young seeds in spring affects the physiological dropping and nut‐setting rate in Torreya grandis
Authors: Wang Lei , Jiang Wei , Jin Hangbiao , Zhang Rui , Wu Jiasheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPhysiological seed drop is a recognized phenomenon in economic forest, caused by the abscission of developing seeds due to intergroup competition for resources. However, little is known about the resource allocation dynamics in species exhibiting a biennial fruiting cycle, where interactions occur not only among seeds of the same year but also between reproductive structures from consecutive years. In this study, we explored the dynamics of resource allocation in Torreya grandis, a nut crop with a prototypical two‐year seed development pattern. We implemented thinning treatments of 0%, 30%, and 60% on female cones and/or immature seeds during the spring, targeting various stages of development both pre‐ and post‐pollination. Our findings reveal a pronounced resource competition in Torreya, evidenced by a natural seed‐setting rate of merely 9.4%. Contrary to expectations, seed thinning did not lead to an obvious increase in nut‐setting rates, whereas a substantial increase to 20.5% was observed when female cones were thinned by 60% at 20 days before pollination. The cone thinning treatment appears to have influenced seed development through positive cytokinin and negative abscisic acid effects. This indicates that intergroup competition between female cones and nuts is a more significant factor in seed drop than inner nut competition, and there seems to be an interaction between the two groups. We demonstrate that, in Torreya with biennial seed development, it is the competition between female cones and immature seeds that is important. This insight expands our comprehension of the physiological mechanisms governing seed drop in biennial fruiting species and managing the reproductive organ load to optimize nutrient allocation.
Integrated Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Revealed the Key Role of the Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Olive Defense Against Alternaria alternata
Authors: Wang Tianyi , Cao Hongyan , Du Tingting , Meng Dong , Yang Qing , Li Jinhua , Zhang Jianguo , Zeng Yanfei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe olive tree is an important oil woody plant with high economic value, yet it is vulnerable to the attack of numerous fungi. The successful control of olive fungal diseases requires a comprehensive understanding of the disease resistance mechanisms in plants. Here, we isolated Alternaria alternata from the diseased leaves of olive plants, and screened a resistant (“Leccino”) and susceptible (“Manzanilla de Sevilla”) cultivar from eight olive cultivars to explore their resistance mechanisms. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses identified the flavonoid biosynthesis as a key defense pathway against A. alternata. Five important transcription factors associated with flavonoid biosynthesis were also determined. The overexpression of OeWRKY40 significantly enhanced the disease resistance of the susceptible cultivar and upregulated the expression of genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and the accumulation of related metabolites. LUC assays further proved that OeWRKY40 can activate the expression of OeC4H. These results help to better clarify the molecular mechanisms of flavonoid biosynthesis against A. alternata. Our study provides key information for further exploration of the molecular pathways of olive plants and their resistance to fungi, an important factor for molecular breeding and utilization of resistant cultivars.
Transcriptome profiling reveals ethylene production by reactive oxygen species in trichloroisocyanuric acid‐treated rice seeds
Authors: Jinshi Zhang , Mei Li , Jinjin Lian , Yizhengnan Zhu , Yannan Jin , Jing Yang , Wenfan Hu , Weilin Zhang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) have been extensively suggested to stimulate ethylene production. However, the molecular mechanism by which ROS stimulate ethylene production remains largely unclear. Here, transcriptome profiling was used to verify if ROS could stimulate ethylene production via direct formation of ethylene from ROS. Trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCICA) can stimulate seed germination in rice. When transcriptome profiling was performed to determine the molecular responsiveness of rice seeds to TCICA, TCICA was initially proven to be a ROS‐generating reagent. A total of 300 genes potentially responsive to TCICA treatment were significantly annotated to cysteine, and the expression of these genes was significantly upregulated. Nonetheless, the levels of cystine did not exhibit significant changes upon TCICA exposure. Cystine was then proven to be a substrate that reacted with TCICA to form ethylene under FeSO4 conditions. Moreover, 7 of 22 genes responsive to TCICA were common with the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐responsive genes. Ethylene was then proven to be produced from cysteine or cystine by reacting with H2O2 under FeSO4 condition, and the hydroxyl radical (OH−) was proposed to be the free radical species responsible for ethylene formation under FeSO4 condition. These results provide the first line of evidence that ethylene can be produced from ROS in a non‐enzymatic manner, thereby unveiling one new molecular mechanism by which ROS stimulate ethylene production and offering novel insights into the crosstalk between ethylene and ROS.
Autologous platelet concentrates after third molar extraction: A systematic review
Authors: Siawasch S. A. M. , Yu J. , Castro A. B. , Temmerman A. , Teughels W. , Quirynen M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSurgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars is often followed by postoperative sequelae like pain, swelling, trismus, etc. This systematic review explored the benefits of applying different autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) in the extraction socket of third molars. For this systematic review, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus have been utilized, initially yielding 544 papers. The search was narrowed to randomized controlled trials (RCTs, n = 59) published before 2024, all comparing the outcome of applying APCs in the extraction socket of surgically removed impacted mandibular third molars with unassisted healing (blood clot). Most RCTs primarily assessed the impact of APCs on postoperative sequelae. Some RCTs looked at soft‐ and hard‐tissue healing. Eleven studies used PRP, three PRGF, and 45 L‐PRF. A detailed analysis revealed a large heterogeneity between studies rendering a meta‐analysis impossible. Moreover, the risk of bias was considered high. In the majority of RCTs, the application of an APC resulted in statistically significant reductions of postoperative sequelae (lower pain intensity, lower consumption of analgesics, less postoperative edema, and a lower incidence of trismus and alveolar osteitis), as well as a faster soft tissue healing, and qualitatively and quantitatively better bone healing. A minority of studies reported significant differences in periodontal parameters distally from the second molar.