bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Germline deletion of huntingtin causes male infertility and arrested spermiogenesis in mice
Authors: Yan Jinting , Zhang Hui , Liu Yang , Zhao Feilong , Zhu Shu , Xie Chengmei , Tang Tie-Shan , Guo Caixia 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT
Human Huntingtin (HTT), a Huntington's disease gene, is highly expressed in the mammalian brain and testis. Simultaneous knockout of mouse Huntingtin (Htt) in brain and testis impairs male fertility, providing evidence for a link between Htt and spermatogenesis; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. To understand better the function of Htt in spermatogenesis, we restricted the genetic deletion specifically to the germ cells using the Cre/loxP site-specific recombination strategy and found that the resulting mice manifested smaller testes, azoospermia and complete male infertility. Meiotic chromosome spread experiments showed that the process of meiosis was normal in the absence of Htt. Notably, we found that Htt-deficient round spermatids did not progress beyond step 3 during the post-meiotic phase, when round spermatids differentiate into mature spermatozoa. Using an iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic assay, we found that knockout of Htt significantly altered the testis protein profile. The differentially expressed proteins exhibited a remarkable enrichment for proteins involved in translation regulation and DNA packaging, suggesting that Htt might play a role in spermatogenesis by regulating translation and DNA packaging in the testis.
Myo19 is an outer mitochondrial membrane motor and effector of starvation-induced filopodia
Authors: Shneyer Boris I. , Ušaj Marko , Henn Arnon 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT
Mitochondria respond to environmental cues and stress conditions. Additionally, the disruption of the mitochondrial network dynamics and its distribution is implicated in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we reveal a new function for Myo19 in mitochondrial dynamics and localization during the cellular response to glucose starvation. Ectopically expressed Myo19 localized with mitochondria to the tips of starvation-induced filopodia. Corollary to this, RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of Myo19 diminished filopodia formation without evident effects on the mitochondrial network. We analyzed the Myo19–mitochondria interaction, and demonstrated that Myo19 is uniquely anchored to the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) through a 30–45-residue motif, indicating that Myo19 is a stably attached OMM molecular motor. Our work reveals a new function for Myo19 in mitochondrial positioning under stress.
Activation of the IGF1 pathway mediates changes in cellular contractility and motility in single-suture craniosynostosis
Authors: Al-Rekabi Zeinab , Wheeler Marsha M. , Leonard Andrea , Fura Adriane M. , Juhlin Ilsa , Frazar Christopher , Smith Joshua D. , Park Sarah S. , Gustafson Jennifer A. , Clarke Christine M. , Cunningham Michael L. , Sniadecki Nathan J. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT
Insulin growth factor 1 (IGF1) is a major anabolic signal that is essential during skeletal development, cellular adhesion and migration. Recent transcriptomic studies have shown that there is an upregulation in IGF1 expression in calvarial osteoblasts derived from patients with single-suture craniosynostosis (SSC). Upregulation of the IGF1 signaling pathway is known to induce increased expression of a set of osteogenic markers that previously have been shown to be correlated with contractility and migration. Although the IGF1 signaling pathway has been implicated in SSC, a correlation between IGF1, contractility and migration has not yet been investigated. Here, we examined the effect of IGF1 activation in inducing cellular contractility and migration in SSC osteoblasts using micropost arrays and time-lapse microscopy. We observed that the contractile forces and migration speeds of SSC osteoblasts correlated with IGF1 expression. Moreover, both contractility and migration of SSC osteoblasts were directly affected by the interaction of IGF1 with IGF1 receptor (IGF1R). Our results suggest that IGF1 activity can provide valuable insight for phenotype–genotype correlation in SSC osteoblasts and might provide a target for therapeutic intervention.
Ureteric stent removal post cystectomy
Authors: Leach Diane 
Published: December 2015

Aim: The aim of this study was to develop a step-by-step guide to aid nurses in the safe removal of ureteric stents. Examination of the literature related to at what timespan after the operation the stents should be removed and whether antibiotic cover and/or precautionary investigations such as stentogram are necessary prior to stent removal. Method: A purpose-designed questionnaire was sent to consultants and stoma nurses to assess current practice regarding the removal of stents. Results: Findings show that opinion was divided on how long the stents should remain in situ postoperatively, whether or not a stentogram is necessary prior to stent removal to check for healing and evidence of anastomosis leak, and whether or not patients require prophylactic antibiotic cover. Conclusion: It is not currently possible to formulate a standard policy for the procedure of ureteric stent removal because consultants have varying ideas on their management. Therefore, further research on ureteric stent removal is required to ensure evidence-based practice.
Research roundup: December 2015
Authors: Greener Mark 
Published: December 2015

In brief Off-label use of prescription medicines seems to increase the risk of adverse drug events, especially for unapproved indications that lack strong scientific evidence Adults with schizophrenia are about four times more likely to die than the general population, underscoring the importance of identifying and managing risk factors Prescribing and monitoring errors are common in primary care in the UK Daily vitamin D supplements can improve exercise performance and reduce blood pressure
Outcomes of Neonatal Bulbar Weakness
Authors: Baudon Jean-Jacques , Renault Francis , Flores-Guevara Roberto , Vazquez Marie-Paule 
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Neonatal bulbar weakness (BW) has various etiologies and a broad prognostic range. We aimed to report outcomes in a large series of children with neonatal BW and explore the association of orofacial electrodiagnostic data with outcome.METHODS:We retrospectively reviewed the files of children who presented with facial, lingual, laryngeal, or pharyngeal weakness at birth and who underwent electrodiagnostic studies combining conventional needle electromyography (EMG) of orofacial muscles, blink responses, and EMG during bottle-feeding. Outcome measures included the need for prolonged respiratory assistance and enteral feeding, as well as sensorimotor and cognitive impairments.RESULTS:Of 175 patients, 73% had developmental disorders, 25% suffered from acquired brain damage, and 2% had no apparent underlying disorders. Motor or mental impairment was observed in 71%; death occurred in 16%. Outcomes were not significantly different when comparing developmental disorders versus acquired brain damage or neurogenic versus normal detection EMG. Abnormal blink responses were associated with higher frequencies of respiratory assistance (P = .03), gastrostomy (P = .025), and death (P = .009); moderate or severe oropharyngeal incoordinations were associated with higher frequencies of respiratory assistance (P = .006), prolonged enteral feeding (P &lt; .0001), and gastrostomy (P = .0002).CONCLUSIONS:Orofacial electrodiagnostic studies provide supplementary information to help the pediatrician anticipate the management and prognosis of young infants with BW.
Códigos de comportamiento para la administración pública
Authors: Boehm Frédéric 
Published: December 2015

Los códigos se pueden entender como un conjunto de estándares y principios para guiar, ordenar y así facilitar la convivencia en una colectividad dada. Esta contribución revisa la historia de estos códigos en la administración pública, resaltando el vínculo con la necesidad de recuperar la confianza de los ciudadanos, entre otras cosas a través de un comportamiento ético de los servidores públicos. Sobre la base de la literatura y la experiencia internacional, se retoman factores clave para el diseño y la implementación exitosa de un código que logre incidir en el comportamiento en la administración pública.
Apuntes sobre la Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia de España
Authors: Ortiz Sandra 
Published: December 2015

La creación de la Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia mediante la Ley 3/2013, cuyo objeto es el de garantizar la libre competencia y regular todos los mercados y sectores productivos de la economía española para proteger a los consumidores, requiere de un análisis detallado desde el surgimiento de las Autoridades Independientes y el concepto de regulación y la incorporación de dichas autoridades en el ordenamiento español, haciendo especial énfasis en las Comisiones Reguladoras de los Servicios de Red. Se analiza además la revisión del modelo comparado y la tendencia de unificar organismos de igual naturaleza regulatoria o de competencia, así como los fallos proferidos por parte del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea sobre el carácter complementario y el papel que cumple el derecho de la competencia como red de seguridad.
A Scoping Literature Review: The State of Knowledge on Home Care Equipment and Supplies
Authors: Fraser Kimberly D. , Lai Jonathan , Nissen Catherine , Choo Queenie , Davenport Jamie , Gutscher Abram 
Published: December 2015

We explored the state of knowledge on home care supplies and equipment because not much is known about this topic. We used a scoping review for the literature review because it was the most appropriate approach considering the state of the literature. We searched for articles published in both the gray and peer-reviewed literature. We established five overarching themes based on the findings. These were supply management, durable medical equipment, wound care, best practices, and costs. This review demonstrates that although knowledge about home care supplies and equipment is growing, it is still an understudied area.
The Home-Delivered Meals Program: A Promising Intervention for Suburban Older Adults Living Alone
Authors: Lee Kyongweon , Raiz Lisa 
Published: December 2015

This study examined differences in perceived benefits of home-delivered meals between older adults living alone and those living with others. Recommendations were also discussed to enhance services by examining differences between these two subgroups. This study used secondary data analysis focusing on two open-ended questions that were collected in a client satisfaction survey conducted by AgeOptions, the Area Agency on Aging (AAA) in suburban Cook County, Illinois. Out of 199 older adults or their caregivers who participated in the survey, 126 (63.3%) older adults were living alone. All of the survey participants shared their perception of home-delivered meals benefits, and 91 respondents (45.7%) offered recommendations on the program. The results suggest that there is a greater need for transportation options, financial security, regular safety checks, and basic support for older adults who live alone compared to those living with others. The most frequent recommendation from all older adults was increasing the variety of meal options. Older adults living alone complained less about taste and the way meals were cooked than older adults living with others, but they requested availability of meals customized for those with unique needs. Additionally, older adults living alone offered a wider range of recommendations for the program as well as identify more diverse benefits from the program than those living with others.
An Ankle-Foot Orthosis With a Lateral Extension Reduces Forefoot Abduction in Subjects With Stage II Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction
Authors: Neville Christopher , Bucklin Mary , Ordway Nathaniel , Lemley Frederick 
Published: December 2015

Study Design Controlled laboratory, repeated measures. Background Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction is a common musculoskeletal problem that includes tendon degeneration and collapse of the medial arch of the foot (flatfoot deformity). Ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) typically are used to correct flatfoot deformity. Correction of flatfoot deformity involves increasing forefoot adduction, forefoot plantar flexion, and hindfoot inversion. Objectives To test whether a foot orthosis with a lateral extension reduces forefoot abduction in patients with stage II posterior tibial tendon dysfunction while walking. Methods The gait of 15 participants with stage II posterior tibial tendon dysfunction was evaluated under 3 conditions: a standard AFO, an AFO with a lateral extension, and a shoe-only control condition. Kinematic variables of interest were evaluated at designated time points in the gait cycle and included hindfoot inversion/eversion, forefoot plantar flexion/dorsiflexion, and forefoot abduction/adduction. A 3-by-4, repeated-measures analysis of variance (brace condition by gait phase) was used to compare variables across conditions. Results The AFO with a lateral extension resulted in a significantly greater change in forefoot adduction compared to the standard AFO (2.6°, P = .02) and shoe-only conditions (4.1°, P<.01) across all phases of stance. Forefoot plantar flexion was significantly increased when comparing the standard AFO and AFO with a lateral extension to the shoe-only condition. The AFO with the lateral extension also demonstrated significantly increased hindfoot inversion during the loading response and terminal stance phases. Conclusion Off-the-shelf and standard AFOs have been shown to improve forefoot plantar flexion and hindfoot eversion, but not forefoot adduction. A lateral extension added to a standard AFO along the forefoot significantly improved forefoot adduction in participants with posterior tibial tendon dysfunction while walking. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(1):26–33. Epub 11 Dec 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.5618
Primary Xanthoma of Femur: A Case Report
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Ismail , Khan AKM Shahabuddin 
Published: December 2015

Xanthoma of bone is a very rare benign bone disorder with features mimicking primary bone tumours or metastatic lesions and their definitive diagnosis is very difficult. This condition can occur in patients with both normal and abnormal lipid profiles. Xanthoma of femur in a normolipidemic patient is very rare. Histopathological study gives a definitive diagnosis. We report a case of a 17 year old patient who was hospitalized in orthopedic department for fracture of the right femur with a lytic lesion at the fracture site. The patient was normolipidemic and hypothyroid. The diagnosis of xanthoma was selected histomorphologically. The fracture was treated surgically by nailing and bone graft.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(4) 2015 p.396-398
The effect of phenological variation in sex expression on female reproductive success in Saxifraga granulata
Authors: van der Meer Sascha , Jacquemyn Hans 
Published: December 2015

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Differences in timing of flowering within and among protandrous plants shift the floral sex ratio from male to female dominance during the flowering season. Hence, the number of seeds produced by a single flower depends on traits of the flower itself (e.g., allocation to male and female function, position within an inflorescence, and flower size), as well as plant traits (e.g., timing of flowering, number of flowers, and plant height). Although it is clear that characteristics of individual flowers and whole plants can affect the number of seeds produced per flower, their relative importance for plant fitness remains largely unknown.METHODS:We examined how phenological sex expression affected seed number per flower in two populations of the protandrous grassland herb Saxifraga granulata. Seed number was assessed for >1200 flowers and related to their position within an inflorescence, male and female phase duration, timing of flowering, number of flowers per plant, and plant height.KEY RESULTS:Seed number within and among plants decreased significantly over time. Early lateral flowers were larger and produced more seeds in comparison to late lateral flowers, indicating that flower position significantly affected seed number through its combined effect on sex allocation, timing of flowering, and attractiveness.CONCLUSIONS:Our results showed that female reproductive success of a single flower was best explained by its position within an inflorescence and that plant traits such as first flowering date and number of flowers per plant had a smaller impact on seed number per flower.
Low flower‐size variation in bilaterally symmetrical flowers: Support for the pollination precision hypothesis
Authors: Nikkeshi Aoi , Kurimoto Daiki , Ushimaru Atushi 
Published: December 2015

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:The evolutionary shift from radial to bilateral symmetry in flowers is generally associated with the evolution of low flower‐size variation. This phenomenon supports the hypothesis that the lower size variation in bilateral flowers can be attributed to low pollinator diversity. In this study, we propose two other hypotheses to explain low flower‐size variation in bilateral symmetrical flowers. To test the three hypotheses, we examined the relative importance of pollinator diversity, composition, and bilateral symmetry itself as selective forces on low flower‐size variation.METHODS:We examined pollinator diversity and composition and flower‐size variation for 36 species in a seminatural ecosystem with high bee richness and frequent lepidopteran visitation.KEY RESULTS:Bilateral flowers were more frequently visited than radial flowers by larger bees, but functional‐group diversity of the pollinators did not differ between symmetry types. Although bilateral flowers had significantly lower flower‐size variation than radial flowers, flower‐size variation did not vary with pollinator diversity and composition but was instead related to bilateral symmetry.CONCLUSIONS:Our results suggest that the lower size variation in bilateral flowers might have evolved under selection favoring the control of pollinator behavior on flowers to enhance the accurate placement of pollen on the body of the pollinator, independent of pollinator type. Because of the limited research on this issue, future work should be conducted in various types of plant–pollinator communities worldwide to further clarify the issue.
Les matérialismes et la chimie
Authors: Pépin François 
Published: December 2015

Malgré son rapport intime à la matérialité, la chimie ne semble pas avoir occupé la place qu’elle méritait dans l’histoire du matérialisme. Pourtant, si elle a été délaissée par l’historiographie du matérialisme, plusieurs matérialistes ont exploité ses possibilités. Cet intérêt relativement méconnu et souvent refoulé invite à se demander quelles perspectives originales la chimie offre à la réflexion matérialiste. Plusieurs pistes indiquent que, loin d’être simplement une science d’appoint confirmant une philosophie ou une épistémologie construites par ailleurs, la chimie déplace les questions classiques : la pluralité des matières, le jeu serré entre théorie et pratique, l’accent sur l’hétérogène et la prise en compte d’une division sociale du travail intellectuel sont autant de thèmes chimiques qui ouvrent de nouvelles voies à la pensée matérialiste. Il s’agit donc moins d’affirmer que la chimie serait par nature matérialiste, que de montrer en quoi la chimie et son épistémologie posent d’une manière originale les problèmes intéressant la philosophie matérialiste.
Les matérialismes et la chimie
Authors: Peterschmitt Luc 
Published: December 2015

Dans ce chapitre, j’examine de façon critique la philosophie de la chimie proposée par Berkeley, étant donnée sa réfutation de l’existence d’une substance matérielle. La position de Berkeley permet de distinguer trois formes e matérialismes : un matérialisme méthodologique (l’explication en chimie ne doit reposer que sur des causes chimiques), un matérialisme ontologique (la chimie suppose l’existence d’une substance corporelle) et un matérialisme métaphysique (tout ce qui existe, y compris l’âme, relève de la connaissance chimique). Pour Berkeley, seule la première forme de matérialisme est légitime et l’on ne peut s’appuyer sur elle pour justifier les deux autres. Et même si l’on peut douter que Berkeley réussisse réellement à fonder la chimie, son analyse montre que les matérialismes ontologique et a fortiori métaphysique ne peuvent directement se prévaloir de la chimie au XVIII e siècle.
Les matérialismes et la chimie
Authors: Boiteau Laurent 
Published: December 2015

Question philosophique et historique, l’origine de la vie est aussi fondamentale pour la chimie qui représente certainement l’échelle d’organisation où s’amorce la différence entre matière inanimée et matière vivante (cette dernière ne pouvant plus être simplement identifiée à la matière organique). Si le vivant échappe à toute définition exhaustive, ses caractéristiques chimiques et ses bases moléculaires représentent autant de pistes pour tenter de cerner son origine dans une approche scientifique où l’évolution chimique est l’hypothèse la plus solide. Cependant, en tant que phénomène historique l’apparition du vivant échappe en partie à la chimie, qui doit se contenter de proposer des scénarios faute de disposer d’archives exploitables ; surtout le temps de la chimie (science statistique) n’est pas le temps de l’histoire. Pour dépasser ce paradoxe apparent, et aussi pour savoir appréhender des aspects propres au vivant (complexité, dynamique, autoreproduction, auto-organisation, structures multi-échelles, etc.), la chimie doit en quelque sorte sortir d’elle-même et s’allier à d’autres sciences pour devenir chimie systémique, trouvant là une occasion de (re)devenir « histoire naturelle ».
Marx entre réalisation et dépassement de la philosophie
Authors: Vioulac Jean 
Published: December 2015

Marx n’a pas rompu avec la philosophie comme telle, mais avec la configuration qui était la sienne avant lui, et que l’on peut nommer « métaphysique ». En dégageant le champ de la production comme « fondement » ou « soubassement » de toute objectivité et de toute idéalité, Marx assume en effet l’exigence de fondation propre à une philosophie première, mais il accomplit surtout le renversement transcendantal de la philosophie initié par Kant, qui consiste à reconduire tout donné objectif à une activité subjective inaperçue. L’économie de Marx ne peut donc pas se réduire à une science positive : elle est la science transcendantale des « présuppositions réelles » des activités subjectives de production. L’ontologie de la production fonde ainsi la phénoménologie des formes-valeurs sur laquelle repose tout Le capital , et rend possible la critique, au sens kantien, de la logique formelle et spéculative du capitalisme. Marx montre ainsi que le dispositif capitaliste accomplit la logique métaphysique, ce qui rend d’autant plus urgent l’accomplissement de la « révolution totale » qu’était pour Kant la philosophie transcendantale.