bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probation, Privatisation and Legitimacy
Authors: ROBINSON GWEN , BURKE LOL , MILLINGS MATTHEW 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis article considers the recent partial privatisation of probation services in England and Wales from the theoretical perspective of legitimacy. Drawing in particular on Beetham's (1991) work, we argue that the question of legitimacy in respect of privatised probation services is a complex one which requires attention to the multiple – and different – perspectives of key stakeholders or constituencies in the probation field. We argue that in the probation context there are five key stakeholder groups: the general public; offenders and victims; ministers and civil servants; sentencers; and probation employees and their representatives. We consider what is known about the perspectives of each of these groups in turn, before concluding that privatised probation services need to be aware of both the legitimacy deficits they face and the complex dynamics likely to be involved in its cultivation with these different constituencies.
How a working day‐induced‐tiredness may alter some facial signs in differently‐aged Caucasian women
Authors: Flament F. , Pierre J. , Delhommeau K. , Adam A. S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the alterations of some facial clinical signs after a working day in French Caucasian women.MethodsStandardized photographs of full faces of 111 women of two different age classes were taken before and after a working day. Photos were submitted in blind (morning or evening) to a panel of 10 experts for scoring the severity of eight different facial signs using specific scales as established by previously published referential skin atlases. A panel of 60 naïve women gave their assessment of the overall look (more or less tired, aged, dull) from paired (morning/evening) photos given in blind. Subjects under study were asked to fill a questionnaire about their perceived state of tiredness before and after a normal working day.ResultsAll subjects felt a little more tired at evening although, surprisingly a little less in the older group (55–65 year) than their younger counterparts (25–35 year). Both groups were judged slightly less ‘young’ and ‘more tired’ at evening by the assessment panel, whereas the dull aspect remained unaltered. Four facial signs, among the 8 scored, showed subtle but significant changes, according to age class. Among older women, eye bags improved at evening as compared to morning, whereas glabellar wrinkles were found slightly accentuated. In younger subjects, nasolabial fold and crow's feet wrinkles were found of an aggravated severity score.ConclusionA normal working day induces, in the studied women, slight but detectable changes in some facial signs that vary (location, intensity) according to age.
Effects of B‐site doped elements in the electronic‐conducting perovskite phase on the property of dual‐phase membranes
Authors: Cheng Hongwei , Xiong Xiaolu , Zhao Hongbin , Gu Ziqin , Lu Xionggang , Xu Qian , Yao Weilin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA series of dense oxygen permeable dual‐phase membranes with a composition of 60 wt% Ce0.8Gd0.2O2−δ‐40 wt% Ba0.95La0.05Fe0.9M0.10O3−δ (CGO‐ BLFM0.10, M=Fe, Nb, Zr, Zn, Sc, Y) were successfully synthesized and evaluated as potential ceramic membranes for oxy‐fuel combustion. The effects of B‐site doped elements in electronic‐conducting phase (BLFM0.10) on the crystal structure, microstructure, chemical compatibility, oxygen permeability, as well as chemical stability of CGO‐BLFM0.10 were systematically investigated. All electronic‐conducting phase BLFM0.10 oxides exhibited a pure cubic perovskite structure and showed good chemical compatibility with ionic‐conducting phase CGO. CGO‐BLFSc0.10 showed the best oxygen permeation stability under a pure CO2 atmosphere. CO2‐corrosion on the perovskite phase is the main reason for the property deterioration of fluorite‐perovskite‐typed dual‐phase membrane materials. The stability of dual‐phase membrane materials can be effectively enhanced by reducing the basicity of electronic‐conducting phase of perovskite materials.
Cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis
Authors: Caviedes Mariana P. , Torre Ana C. , Eliceche Maite Lisa , Valdivia Monteros Denise C. , Volonteri Victoria I. , Galimberti Ricardo L. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundPhaeohyphomycosis is an infrequent infection in human beings. However, in recent years, its prevalence has augmented in immunosuppressed patients (mostly in solid organ transplanted patients). Infection can be mucocutaneous or disseminated. In the former, the fungus inoculation occurs mainly through traumatism. Lesions may be polymorphic and asymptomatic, isolated or multiple, and are usually localized in exposed areas of the limbs and head. Treatment is not standardized. When possible, surgical resection of the lesion is combined with systemic antifungals.MethodsWe communicate three phaeohyphomycosis cases with cutaneous compromise.ResultsThe cases we present show diverse clinical characteristics and varied severity and evolution.ConclusionIt is important for dermatologists to recognize this cutaneous fungus infection because the diagnosis using microscopic examination and mycological culture depends on the clinical suspicion.
Treatment‐related reductions in catastrophizing predict return to work in individuals with post‐traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Sullivan Michael , Adams Heather , Ellis Tamra , Clark Robyn , Sully Craig , Thibault Pascal 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPost‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been associated with high rates of work‐disability. In other domains of research, it has been shown that catastrophic thinking also contributes to work‐disability. The present study examined the relation between catastrophic thinking and work‐disability in individuals with PTSD. The study sample consisted of 73 work‐disabled individuals with PTSD who were referred to an occupational rehabilitation service. Participants completed measures of post‐traumatic stress symptoms, depression, pain, catastrophic thinking, and occupational disability at admission and termination of the rehabilitation intervention. Return‐to‐work was assessed 1 month following the termination of the rehabilitation intervention. Cross‐sectional analyses revealed that catastrophic thinking contributed significant unique variance to the prediction of occupational disability, even when controlling for the severity of symptoms of PTSD. Prospective analyses revealed that treatment‐related reductions in catastrophic thinking predicted successful return to work, beyond the variance accounted for by reductions in the severity of symptoms of PTSD. The findings suggest that catastrophic thinking is a determinant of occupational disability in individuals with PTSD. The findings further suggest that interventions designed to reduce catastrophic thinking might promote more successful occupational re‐integration in individuals recovering from post‐traumatic stress symptoms.
Developing and Testing a Dynamic Theory of Motor Carrier Safety
Authors: Miller Jason W. , Golicic Susan L. , Fugate Brian S. 
Published: March 2017

Developing an understanding of the longitudinal relationships between different measures of motor carrier safety is important to advance theory and practice regarding this significant supply chain management and public policy issue. In this article, we combine core principles from several theoretical traditions to propose a dynamic theory of motor carrier safety that specifies the longitudinal relationships between three core measures of safety publically reported by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration: unsafe driving, hour‐of‐service compliance, and vehicle maintenance. We test this theory using four years of longitudinal data on motor carrier safety for a random sample of large, for‐hire motor carriers. Results from fitting a vector multivariate autoregressive moving average time‐series model are largely consistent with the theory we propose. We describe the implications of our research for supply chain management theory and practice, summarize limitations, and suggest directions for future research.
Reliability and Minimum Detectable Change for Common Clinical Physical Function Tests in Sarcopenic Men and Women
Authors: Jenkins Nathaniel D.M. , Cramer Joel T. 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesTo determine the test–retest reliability and minimum detectable change scores for seven common clinical measurements of muscle strength and physical function in a multiethnic sample of sarcopenic, malnourished men and women.DesignEach participant visited the laboratory seven times over 25 to 26 weeks. Reliability was assessed for each measurement from Familiarization 1 to Familiarization 2 (R1), Familiarization 2 to baseline testing (R2), Familiarization 3 to 12‐week testing (R3), and Familiarization 4 to 24‐week testing (R4).SettingData were collected during a clinical trial at 23 sites in the United States, Belgium, Italy, Mexico, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.ParticipantsSarcopenic, malnourished, older adults (N = 257; n = 98 men aged 76.8 ± 6.3, n = 159 women aged 75.9 ± 6.6).MeasurementsDuring each visit, participants completed the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPBB) and isometric handgrip and isokinetic leg extensor and flexor strength testing at a slow (1.05 rad/s) and fast (3.15 rad/s) velocity.ResultsHandgrip strength, gait speed, SPPB score, and isokinetic leg extension and flexion peak torque (PT) had intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) that were significantly greater than 0 (all ≥0.59) at R1, R2, R3, and R4, although most of these variables demonstrated systematic increases at R1, and several exhibited systematic variability beyond the baseline testing session.ConclusionThe ICCs and standard errors of the measurement (SEMs) generally improved with familiarization, which emphasizes the need for at least one familiarization trial for these measurements in sarcopenic, malnourished older adults. A three tier‐approach to interpreting the clinical importance of statistically significant results that includes null hypothesis testing, examination and interpretation of the effect magnitude, and comparison of individual changes with the SEM and minimum detectable change of the measurements used is recommended.
The fungal UmSrt1 and maize ZmSUT1 sucrose transporters battle for plant sugar resources
Authors: Wittek Anke , Dreyer Ingo , Al‐Rasheid Khaled A.S. , Sauer Norbert , Hedrich Rainer , Geiger Dietmar 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe biotrophic fungus Ustilago maydis causes corn smut disease, inducing tumor formation in its host Zea mays. Upon infection, the fungal hyphae invaginate the plasma membrane of infected maize cells, establishing an interface where pathogen and host are separated only by their plasma membranes. At this interface the fungal and maize sucrose transporters, UmSrt1 and ZmSUT1, compete for extracellular sucrose in the corn smut/maize pathosystem. Here we biophysically characterized ZmSUT1 and UmSrt1 in Xenopus oocytes with respect to their voltage‐, pH‐ and substrate‐dependence and determined affinities toward protons and sucrose. In contrast to ZmSUT1, UmSrt1 has a high affinity for sucrose and is relatively pH‐ and voltage‐independent. Using these quantitative parameters, we developed a mathematical model to simulate the competition for extracellular sucrose at the contact zone between the fungus and the host plant. This approach revealed that UmSrt1 exploits the apoplastic sucrose resource, which forces the plant transporter into a sucrose export mode providing the fungus with sugar from the phloem. Importantly, the high sucrose concentration in the phloem appeared disadvantageous for the ZmSUT1, preventing sucrose recovery from the apoplastic space in the fungus/plant interface.
The α‐β circular scanning with large range and low noise
Authors: LIU J. , YOU X. , WANG Y. , GU K. , LIU C. , TAN J. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryA circular‐route scanning method called α‐β circular scanning is proposed and realized using sinusoidal signals with a constant phase difference of π/2. Experiments show that the circular scanning range of α‐β circular scanning is 57% greater than the rectangular scanning range of raster scanning within an effective optical field of view. Moreover, the scanning speed is improved by 7.8% over raster scanning because the whole sine signal is utilized in α‐β circular scanning whereas the flyback area of the saw‐tooth signal needs to be discarded in raster scanning. The maximum scanning acceleration decreases by a factor of 44, drastically decreasing the high noise, which should considerably elongate the lifetime of the galvanometers while inhibiting internal vibration. The proposed α‐β circular scanning technique could be used in scanning imaging, optical tweezers and laser‐beam fabrication.
Multidie LED combined with homogenizing optics to improve frequency response and intensity for FLIM applications
Authors: LIU H.‐T. , LIN W.‐L. , FENG Y.‐L. , LIN Y. , CHEN Y.‐C. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryApplication of light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) in frequency‐domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) has been limited by the trade‐off between modulation frequency and illumination intensity of LEDs, which affects the signal‐to‐noise ratio in fluorescence lifetime measurements. To increase modulation frequency without sacrificing output power of LEDs, we propose to use LEDs with multiple dice connected in series. The LED capacitance was reduced with series connection; therefore, the frequency response of multidie LED was significantly increased. LEDs in visible light, including blue, green, amber and red, were all applicable in FLIM. We also present a homogenizing optics design, so that multidie LEDs produced uniform illumination on the same focal spot. When the homogenizing optics was combined with multicolour emitters, it provides multiple colour selection in a compact and convenient design.
Unifying miscellaneous performance criteria for a prototype supercapacitor via Co(OH)2 active material and current collector interactions
Authors: WANG H.X. , ZHANG W. , DREWETT N.E. , ZHANG H.B. , HUANG K.K. , FENG S.H. , LI X.L. , KIM J. , YOO S. , DENG T. , LIU S.J. , WANG D. , ZHENG W.T. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThe use of transition metal oxides and hydroxides in supercapacitors can yield high specific capacity electrodes. However, the effect of interaction between active material and current collector has remained unexplored. Here the behaviour of electrodeposited hexagonal cobalt hydroxide nanosheets on a variety of substrates was investigated, and the resulting valence bonding, morphological evolutions and phase transformations examined. It is shown that the electrochemical activity of the face centred cubic (FCC) Ni substrate dramatically decreases cyclability, the FCC Cu substrate also demonstrates decreased performance, and hexagonal carbon nanofibre (CNF) and Ti substrates exhibit far more stability. The miscellaneous roles of valence bonding, redox reactions and crystal structure mismatch between active material and current collector are examined, and their consequences discussed. Using the resulting insights into performance criteria, it was possible to select a suitable substrate for the fabrication of an asymmetric supercapacitor. The high performance and stability of the device demonstrates the usefulness of this approach, and the utility of applying these insights to energy storage devices.
A novel scale‐down cell culture and imaging design for the mechanistic insight of cell colonisation within porous substrate
Authors: GABBOTT C.M. , ZHOU Z.X. , HAN G.X. , SUN T. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryAt the core of translational challenges in tissue engineering is the mechanistic understanding of the underpinning biological processes and the complex relationships among components at different levels, which is a challenging task due to the limitations of current tissue culture and assessment methodologies. Therefore, we proposed a novel scale‐down strategy to deconstruct complex biomatrices into elementary building blocks, which were resembled by thin modular substrate and then evaluated separately in miniaturised bioreactors using various conventional microscopes. In order to investigate cell colonisation within porous substrate in this proof‐of‐concept study, TEM specimen supporters (10–30 μm thick) with fine controlled open pores (100∼600 μm) were selected as the modular porous substrate and suspended in 3D printed bioreactor systems. Noninvasive imaging of human dermal fibroblasts cultured on these free‐standing substrate using optical microscopes illustrated the complicated dynamic processes used by both individual and coordinated cells to bridge and segment porous structures. Further in situ analysis via SEM and TEM provided high‐quality micrographs of cell–cell and cell–scaffold interactions at microscale, depicted cytoskeletal structures in stretched and relaxed areas at nanoscale. Thus this novel scaled‐down design was able to improve our mechanistic understanding of tissue formation not only at single‐ and multiple‐cell levels, but also at micro‐ and nanoscales, which could be difficult to obtain using other methods.
Comparative study of autologous fat vs hyaluronic acid in correction of the nasolabial folds
Authors: Hu Xiaogen , Xue Zhiqiang , Qi Huijie , Chen Bo 
Published: March 2017

SummaryObjectiveIn the article, comparison of the hyaluronic acid (HA) and autologous fat is conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and safety in correction of the nasolabial folds (NLFs).MethodsFrom November 2012 to December 2015, a single‐blinded, randomized study was conducted. Sixty‐two patients were included in the study, and 57 of them completed the whole procedure. The patients were randomly allocated to receive the treatments of HA or fat in both NLFs. The Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale (WSRS) and Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) were used for assessment. Efficacy was assessed using two parameters: evaluation of final improvement by blinded evaluator and patient‐self using photographs. The effectiveness endpoint was improvement of scores at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months from baseline. The adverse events (AEs) were recorded.ResultsIn the blinded evaluator scores for NLF in accordance with WSRS, there were no significant differences between the two methods within 9 months. A statistically significant difference between the lipoinjection and HA groups was found at 12‐month follow‐up period. Subjects’ self‐assessment was similar to the results seen for the evaluator scores. The difference of AEs between the HA and fat group was obvious in the early stage of recovery. In the later stage, the AEs of the HA and fat group were similar.ConclusionsBoth HA gel and autologous fat provide augmentation of NLFs. The magnitude and duration of NLF correction appear to be similarly effective and safe within a period.
Exploring relationships of catheter‐associated urinary tract infection and blockage in people with long‐term indwelling urinary catheters
Authors: Wilde Mary H , McMahon James M , Crean Hugh F , Brasch Judith 
Published: March 2017

Aims and objectivesTo describe and explore relationships among catheter problems in long‐term indwelling urinary catheter users, including excess healthcare use for treating catheter problems.BackgroundLong‐term urinary catheter users experience repeated problems with catheter‐related urinary tract infection and blockage of the device, yet little has been reported of the patterns and relationships among relevant catheter variables.DesignSecondary data analysis was conducted from a sample in a randomised clinical trial, using data from the entire sample of 202 persons over 12 months' participation.MethodsDescriptive statistics were used to characterise the sample over time. Zero‐inflated negative binomial models were employed for logistic regressions to evaluate predictor variables of the presence/absence and frequencies of catheter‐related urinary tract infection and blockage.ResultsCatheter‐related urinary tract infection was marginally associated with catheter blockage. Problems reported at least once per person in the 12 months were as follows: catheter‐related urinary tract infection 57%, blockage 34%, accidental dislodgment 28%, sediment 87%, leakage (bypassing) 67%, bladder spasms 59%, kinks/twists 42% and catheter pain 49%. Regression analysis demonstrated that bladder spasms were significantly related to catheter‐related urinary tract infection and sediment amount, and catheter leakages were marginally significantly and positively related to catheter‐related urinary tract infection. Frequencies of higher levels of sediment and catheter leakage were significantly associated with higher levels of blockage, and being female was associated with fewer blockages. Persons who need help with eating (more disabled) were also more likely to have blockages.ConclusionsCatheter‐related urinary tract infection and blockage appear to be related and both are associated with additional healthcare expenditures. More research is needed to better understand how to prevent adverse catheter outcomes and patterns of problems in subgroups.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses can develop care management strategies to identify catheter blockage prior to its occurrence by tracking the amount of sediment and frequency of leakage. Bladder spasms could be an early warning of catheter‐related urinary tract infection.
A critical review of published research literature reviews on nursing and healthcare ageism
Authors: Wilson Donna M , Nam Mavis A , Murphy Jill , Victorino João P , Gondim Ellen C , Low Gail 
Published: March 2017

Aims and objectivesTo establish how common and impactful nursing and healthcare ageism is and whether proven interventions or prevention methods exist.BackgroundAgeism has been a concern since 1969 when it was first introduced as a concept for social reform. As ageism has been linked to lower quality health services and reduced health care access, it is imperative that healthcare and nursing ageism is prevented or identified and reduced or eliminated.DesignA qualitative narrative review of published research literature reviews using a scoping design to map all published reviews was undertaken. The EBSCO Discovery Service (providing access to articles in 271 databases, including MEDLINE and CINAHL) and Directory of Open Access Journals (providing access to over 9,000 open access journals) were used to find review articles. Using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and limited by English language and peer‐review publications, 12 eligible reviews were identified and information from them was systematically identified, assessed and synthesised.ResultsThe 12 reviews did not provide clear and convincing information to determine how common and impactful nursing or healthcare ageism is, nor what can best be done to prevent or address it. Although each review had value since research literature was collected and discussed on nursing or healthcare ageism, the array of literature search and analysis methods, and diversity in conclusions reached about the evidence is highly problematic.ConclusionResearch literature reviews offering a more balanced perspective and demonstrating greater care in finding and using quality evidence are needed.Relevance to clinical practiceAt this point in time, there is no clear understanding of how widespread and impactful nursing or healthcare ageism is, and what can best be done to prevent or address it. Nurses need to be aware that ageism may be common and impactful, and guard against it.