bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of hallux valgus deformity
Authors: Fraissler Lukas , Konrads Christian , Hoberg Maik , Rudert Maximilian , Walcher Matthias 
Published: August 2016

Hallux valgus deformity is a very common pathological condition which commonly produces painful disability. It is characterised as a combined deformity with a malpositioning of the first metatarsophalangeal joint caused by a lateral deviation of the great toe and a medial deviation of the first metatarsal bone. Taking the patient’s history and a thorough physical examination are important steps. Anteroposterior and lateral weight-bearing radiographs of the entire foot are crucial for adequate assessment in the treatment of hallux valgus. Non-operative treatment of the hallux valgus cannot correct the deformity. However, insoles and physiotherapy in combination with good footwear can help to control the symptoms. There are many operative techniques for hallux valgus correction. The decision on which surgical technique is used depends on the degree of deformity, the extent of degenerative changes of the first metatarsophalangeal joint and the shape and size of the metatarsal bone and phalangeal deviation. The role of stability of the first tarsometatarsal joint is controversial. Surgical techniques include the modified McBride procedure, distal metatarsal osteotomies, metatarsal shaft osteotomies, the Akin osteotomy, proximal metatarsal osteotomies, the modified Lapidus fusion and the hallux joint fusion. Recently, minimally invasive percutaneous techniques have gained importance and are currently being evaluated more scientifically. Hallux valgus correction is followed by corrective dressings of the great toe post-operatively. Depending on the procedure, partial or full weight-bearing in a post-operative shoe or cast immobilisation is advised. Post-operative radiographs are taken in regular intervals until osseous healing is achieved.Cite this article: Fraissler L, Konrads C, Hoberg M, Rudert M, Walcher M. Treatment of hallux valgus deformity. EFORT Open Rev 2016;1:295-302. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.1.000005.
Diamonds are forever? Press coverage of African conflicts and the Westphalian filter of resource wars
Authors: Cook Christopher R. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This article argues that when it comes to reporting conflicts in the developing world the western press ignores the private sphere of economic activity because it privileges a narrative of people fighting over the nation state, as well as political ideologies and territory gained and lost. This choice of media framing matters in how western audiences understand the complexity of resource wars. To explore this concept further I examine American and British press coverage of conflict diamonds in the civil wars fought in Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Sierra Leone in the pages of four western newspapers of record: The Guardian (UK), The Times (UK), the New York Times (US) and the Washington Post (US). Overall, while conflict diamonds were present in the reporting, the press ignored the full extent of involvement of private companies and international capital in the financing and trading of diamonds to fuel war.
Book Review
Authors: Jimu Ignasio Malizani 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
‘C’EST L’HOMME QUI FAIT L’HOMME’: CUL-DE-SAC UBUNTU-ISM IN CÔTE D’IVOIRE, FRANCIS B. NYAMNJOH (2015) Mankon, Bamenda: Langaa Research & Publishing CIG, 204 pp., ISBN: 9956762520, p/bk, £20.00
Urban segregation, game arcades and codified porn: Representations of youth in Madrid (1980–1995)
Authors: Rodríguez Ortega Vicente 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This article studies how Spanish film depicts the everyday life of youth from the beginnings of democracy to the mid-1990s. I start off with youth-centred films from the early 1980s that captured previously censored occurrences of everyday living, displaying a commitment to the representation of social reality. I then move on to cinematic works stemming from a post-1992 ideological ‘present-centredness’. First, I focus on the relationship between subject and urban environment since it is one of the key representational strategies in portraying the unprecedented transformations in Spanish society during this time period. Second, I analyse the emergence of audiovisual forms of consumption and how they relate to the leisurely practices of youths as they navigate the cityscape. Finally, I explore how young people interact with the early 1990s scenario and the kind of behaviours that define their engagement with the social. This analysis demonstrates how films encounter an unfolding social real, codifying it in a variety of ways, becoming thus active recording devices of the practices of the everyday.
Imagining the pavement: A search through everyday texts for the symbolism of an everyday artefact
Authors: Hicks Megan 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
An interconnected system of paved surfaces is an omnipresent feature of the urban environment. The author contends that, because of its ubiquity, this ‘pavement’ impinges on the thoughts of ordinary urban dwellers in ways they might not consciously recognize. Evidence of feelings that may otherwise remain unexpressed has been sought from deliberate and incidental references to the pavement in the works of journalists, poets, memoirists and artists. Such works reveal that the pavement is a repository for private urban imaginings that may coalesce into shared public imaginaries. As a consequence the pavement can assume diverse symbolic roles and even fulfil the function of a monument onto which people project their own meanings.
Housing for whom? Wole Soyinka’s Beatification of Area Boy and the audacity of a new Nigeria
Authors: Amonyeze Chinenye 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Growing urban Nigerian cities like Lagos, Abuja and Port Harcourt continually record millions of poor immigrants from rural areas looking for a new survival space. To be poor in Nigeria is to be a target. Soyinka’s Beatification of Area Boy is primarily a response to the upheavals within the Nigerian society; a dramatic documentation of the different manifestations of power at different historical periods in Nigeria. Soyinka queries a manipulative ordered Nigerian society based on a pervasive and binding morality. He firmly traces this anomaly to the doors of the military, who have ruled Nigeria for a number of years after independence. A dark reminder of the journey the underprivileged has made from independence to date, Soyinka’s play is also a longing to recover Nigeria’s moral territory.
The Impact of the Plate Diameter on the Determined Value of the Pre-Compaction Stress of Samples made of Silt Soil
Authors: Błażejczak Dariusz , Dawidowski Jan B. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The objective of the paper was to investigate the impact of the plate diameter on the value of the measured pre-compaction stress of soil. The investigations were carried out on model samples with 100 mm diameter and 30 mm height made of the silt loam and the percentage moisture content of 13.7 and 21.9%. The following properties of the used material were measured: the granulation group, density of solid particles, humus content, reaction, plastic and liquid limit and the degree of saturation of samples. The samples were loaded with a testing machine using plates with varied diameters: 20, 30, 50, 70, 80, 90, 96, 98 and 99 mm. The pre-compaction stress value was measured with the method of searching for the crossing point of tangents with the secondary stress curve and original stress curve (a classic method). It was found out that for samples with saturation amounting to 13.7% of the moisture content the pre-compaction stress does not significantly depend on the plate diameter. For samples with saturation amounting to 21.9% of the moisture content the pre-compaction stress may significantly depend on the plate diameter. Based on the obtained results a conclusion was made that in the research on the pre-compaction stress with the method of uni-axial deformations, the relation of the plate diameter (d) to the diameter of the cylinder (D) should be within 0.3 ≤ d/D < 0.8.
Exploitation Assessment of New Holland CX780 Combine Harvester
Authors: Dębska Anna , Bieniek Jerzy , Fabrykowski Emil , Molendowski Franciszek , Romański Leszek 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The article presents an exploitation assessment of New Holland CX780 combine operation. Significant technical and technological progress is visible in modern harvesters. Inter alia, performance increased and elements improving the quality of work of harvesters appeared. The objective of the paper was to determine efficiency of the New Holland CX780 harvester operation including factors which affect its operation. Time structures of particular activities of combine operation and ratios of these times use were determined during tests. Yield value and moisture of collected seeds was determined. Studies proved that effective time of combine operation in the process of rapeseed and wheat grain harvesting was less than 50% and was caused by long preparation of a machine for operation. Preparation for operation of a combine influences its performance in the total time. It was 22% of the total operation time in case of wheat harvesting and 20% in case of rapeseed harvesting.
Chemical Composition and Selected Energy Properties of Black Locust Bark (Robinia pseudoacacia L.)
Authors: Kraszkiewicz Artur 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The objective of the paper was to assess the usefulness of bark of black locust trunks as an energy source based on chemical and energy properties. Material for research was collected from five forest stands of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.). After determination of the bark mass, its participation in the mass of trees, the content of moisture in bark, density, calorific value, ash, content of C, H, N, S, K and P were established. In comparison to wood, bark has worse chemical properties on account of a high content of sulphur and nitrogen. In the conditions of research, black locust bark had an average density of approx. 400 kg·m−3 which is comparable to the willow and poplar wood. Average calorific value of black locust bark was by 10% higher than the average value of this parameter for bark wood.
Determination of Power Output and Impact on the Rheological Parameters of Raw Materials during Rolling
Authors: Daniłowicz Stadnyk Petro , Grigorowicz Dobrotvor Igor , Szwedziak Katarzyna 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The paper presents mathematical modelling of determining the power output over the rolling materials in the gap rotating rollers taking into account the rheological parameters of the final product. Determination of these parameters will reduce energy consumption, increase efficiency and reduce loss of material during production. This solution, suggested in the article, allows determination of the overall quality of the rolled product layer. Analysis of experimental results revealed that the main features of the machine provide the necessary stable shape products and provide good rheological parameters of these products. Rheological testing indicators allow for a rational approach to a decision to operate a rolling process. At the same time they improve quality control methods and will have an impact on the design parameters of rollers and modes of chambers. The proposed method not only allows obtaining a predetermined pressure, but also allows defining the optimal shape of the gap, wherein the pressure gradient is constant.
Effect of Steering Gear Parameters of Crawler Tractor Cornering Ability
Authors: Zhdanovich Cheslav , Mamonov Michail , Kuboń Maciej , Kamiński Jan Radosław 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Crawler tractor with specific loads on the hitch loses traction abilities during cornering and causes intensive destruction of the surface layer of soil. This phenomenon may be limited if relevantly selected parameters of the cornering mechanisms were applied. The objective of the paper was to determine the impact of the cornering mechanism parameters on the crawler tractor maneuver ability. The object of the research was a planetary cornering mechanism which enables fluent change of the cornering radius through the change of the rotational speed of planetary gears drive by pneumatic engines. Relations of the turning radius to the slip of the spinning and overleaping crawler at the speed of 7 km·h-1 without the load on the hitch and with the load of 40 kN were defined. The average values of drift and the turning radius as a function of drive speed from 0 to 2.5 m·s−1 on the moist soil μ=0.4 and dry soil μ=0.8 were determined. Relations of the turning radius to the pressure of oil pump oil, to the drive speed and to the load on the hitch were set forth. The research proved that when using the hydraulic pump with the regulated expense the working pressure of oil may be maximally reduced to 30 MPa, the power of the pump may be reduced by twofold, the possibility of turning in difficult field conditions within the scope of the required speed may be enabled. To ensure the required turning radius of the crawler tractor it is recommended to install the pump with the efficiency of 33 cm3·rot−1 and a regulated hydraulic motor with the capacity of 56 сm3·rot−1 with a power regulation within 2.0-2.5, at the same time maximum pressure of liquid will not exceed 35 MPa and the determined power of the hydraulic gear will amount to 52.6 kW.
Shortening and dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotubes upon interaction with mixed supramolecular compounds
Authors: Jagusiak Anna , Piekarska Barbara , Chłopaś Katarzyna , Bielańska Elzbieta , Pańczyk Tomasz 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Congo red (CR) dye molecules self-associate in water solutions creating ribbon-like supramolecular structures that can bind various aromatic compounds by intercalation, forming mixed supramolecular systems. Mixed supramolecular systems, such as CR-doxorubicin and CR-Evans blue, interact with the surface of carbon nanotubes, leading to their stiffening and ultimately to their breaking and shortening. This work presents a simple method of obtaining short and straight carbon nanotubes with significantly better dispersion in aqueous solutions and consequently improved usability in biological systems.
Estimation and Extraction of Radar Signal Features Using Modified B Distribution and Particle Filters
Authors: Mikluc Davorin , Bujaković Dimitrije , Andrić Milenko , Simić Slobodan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe research analyses the application of particle filters in estimating and extracting the features of radar signal time-frequency energy distribution. Time-frequency representation is calculated using modified B distribution, where the estimation process model represents one time bin. An adaptive criterion for the calculation of particle weighted coefficients whose main parameters are frequency integral squared error and estimated maximum of mean power spectral density per one time bin is proposed. The analysis of the suggested estimation application has been performed on a generated signal in the absence of any noise, and consequently on modelled and recorded real radar signals. The advantage of the suggested method is in the solution of the issue of interrupted estimations of instantaneous frequencies which appears when these estimations are determined according to maximum energy distribution, as in the case of intersecting frequency components in a multicomponent signal.
Optimization of recovering cerium from the waste polishing powder using response surface methodology
Authors: Lu Shuaidan , Sun Shuchen , Huang Xiaoxiao , Tu Ganfeng , Zhu Xiaoping , Kong Xianghui 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Recovery of rare earth from the waste rare earth polishing powder is of great importance to improve the process economics. The current recovery methods result in the generation of large quantities of polluted discharge necessitating waste treatment systems. The present work attempts to extract cerium from rare earth slurry waste by thiourea reducing and hydrochloric acid leaching, towards which central composite technique of the response surface methodology is adopted to design the experiments and to optimize the process conditions to maximize the recovery rate. The effects of four major parameters such as temperature, duration of leaching, dosage of thiourea, and the concentration of HCl were assessed, and the optimal process conditions were identified. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilized to identify the suitable model and to eliminate the insignificant model parameters. The optimized process conditions for maximizing the recovery rate are identified to be a leaching temperature of 90°C, duration of 150 min, thiourea dosage of 0.2 g/g, and HCl concentration of 3.5 mol/l. A recovery of 91.23% could be achieved and validated through repeat experimental runs at the optimized process conditions. The optimized process samples are characterized utilizing XRD to validate the recovery.
Development of a diagnostic DNA marker for the geographic origin of Shorea leprosula
Authors: Nuroniah Hani Sitti , Gailing Oliver , Finkeldey Reiner 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The development of sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers derived from amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) is described for Shorea leprosula. An AFLP fragment that showed nearly complete differentiation between Borneo and Sumatra was gel-extracted, sequenced, and converted into a SCAR marker using the inverse polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that originally caused the AFLP was found in the MseI restriction site. Differentiation between islands was detected either as size variation of the codominant SCAR marker or after digestion of the PCR products with the restriction enzyme MseI (PCR-RFLP). Size variation was due to insertions/deletions found within the sequenced region that flanked the original AFLP fragment. After genotyping 151 samples of S. leprosula from 14 populations in Sumatra and Borneo, all but one sample from Sumatra were homozygous for one size variant (427 bp), while S. leprosula populations from Borneo showed different genotypes than Sumatra populations and variation not only among populations but also within populations. Complete differentiation and fixation on alternative variants was found for the geographic regions of Sumatra and Borneo by the PCR-RFLP method. The SCAR marker did not amplify in Shorea parvifolia and thus can also be used to distinguish between S. leprosula and S. parvifolia. The marker was successfully amplified from wood DNA extracts suggesting its applicability to track the geographic origin of timber.
Diverse Teacher Candidates’ Perceptions of and Recommendations for a Special Education Preparation Program
Authors: Prater Mary Anne , Cramer Ashleigh , Wilder Lynn K. , Carter Nari J. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
As part of a four-year professional development program centered on increasing special education faculty members’ cultural responsiveness, the faculty members interviewed culturally and/or linguistically diverse (CLD) teacher candidates nearing completion of the special education program at a large Western university. The interviews, which focused on the candidates’ experiences during their time in the program, were conducted in the candidates’ homes. Each interview was audio and/or videotaped and transcribed verbatim, then analyzed using the inductive analysis design for qualitative research. The CLD candidates described types of learning activities and professor behaviors that had helped them to be successful. They also contributed suggestions to benefit future CLD candidates, including recommendations for professors and for the program as a whole.
Thermal radiation and chemical reaction effects on boundary layer slip flow and melting heat transfer of nanofluid induced by a nonlinear stretching sheet
Authors: Krishnamurthy M.R. , Gireesha B.J. , Prasannakumara B.C. , Gorla Rama Subba Reddy 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA theoretically investigation has been performed to study the effects of thermal radiation and chemical reaction on MHD velocity slip boundary layer flow and melting heat transfer of nanofluid induced by a nonlinear stretching sheet. The Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects are incorporated in the present nanofluid model. A set of proper similarity variables is used to reduce the governing equations into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. An efficient numerical method like Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg-45 order is used to solve the resultant equations for velocity, temperature and volume fraction of the nanoparticle. The effects of different flow parameters on flow fields are elucidated through graphs and tables. The present results have been compared with existing one for some limiting case and found excellent validation.
From Heathen to Sub-Human: A Genealogy
of the Influence of the Decline of Religion
on the Rise of Modern Racism
Authors: Ogunnaike Oludamini 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This essay traces a genealogy of the modern concept of race, and modern racism, in
relationship to the intellectual shifts that led to the secularization of knowledge during the Renaissance
and Enlightenment. Through an analysis of the evolution of the central concept of “The Great Chain of
Being” from the Classical through Medieval and Early Modern periods, I argue that the decline of religion
in the West was a necessary condition for the rise of modern conceptions of race and racism.
Trends in the development of unmanned marine technology
Authors: Olejnik Adam 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The article constitutes an attempt to identify current tendencies regarding the development of unmanned marine technologies such as unmanned surface and underwater vehicles. The analyses were performed on the basis of available literature, databases on research projects and internet sources. The material has been divided with regard to the location the research was conducted, the following groups being identified: the European Union, the United States of America and Poland. On the basis of the review of objectives and final effects of projects, tendencies in the development of the discussed marine technology have been identified. An interesting result of the review consists in an observation that Polish R&D works in this area are placed within the main identified developmental trends. Unfortunately, their effects are incomparable due to the minuteness of national funds allocated to R&D as opposed to other countries.