bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Fresh Osteochondral Allografts in the Patellofemoral Joint
Authors: Kremser Victor , Altintas Burak , Lattermann Christian 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFresh osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation has become a mainstay for the treatment of osteochondral defects in the tibiofemoral joint. With excellent outcomes and high survival times, this technology has recently become more interesting for use in the patellofemoral (PF) joint. This review article will point out the historical difficulties that the use of fresh OCA poses. With newer surgical approaches and a better understanding of the mechanical requirements of the PF joint, the use of OCA transplantation has shown increasingly better results. Illustrating the technique for the preparation and implantation of single plug allografts and bulk allografts to the trochlea and patella as well as the analysis of the available literature, we point out the current state of the art as well as potentially achievable long-term results. Finally, we will point out emerging technology seeking to further develop the use of allograft technology in patellofemoral chondral defects.
Resilienzfaktoren bei Angehörigen von Menschen mit problematischem Substanzkonsum
Authors: Soellner Renate , Hofheinz Christine 
Published: October 2017

Zusammenfassung
Ziel In einer deutschsprachigen Stichprobe von Angehörigen von Menschen mit problematischem Substanzkonsum sollten Resilienzfaktoren identifiziert werden. Resilienz als Ergebnis wurde sowohl als das Fehlen von Belastung als auch über das Vorhandensein von Lebensqualität verstanden.
Methodik 221 Personen, die sich selbst als Angehörige eines Menschen mit problematischem Konsum von Alkohol und/oder illegalen Drogen definierten, nahmen an einer deutschlandweiten Fragebogenstudie (online und paper-pencil) teil. Die Erhebung fand zwischen Januar und August 2016 statt. Resilienz als Ergebnis wurde über psychische und physische Symptombelastung sowie Lebensqualität erfasst. Resilienzfaktoren waren Schulbildung, sozio-ökonomischer Status, Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung und Zufriedenheit mit der Unterstützung des Hilfesystems sowie der emotionalen Unterstützung im privaten Umfeld. Die Prüfung der Resilienzfaktoren erfolgte mittels multipler Regressionsanalysen.
Ergebnisse Angehörige von Menschen mit problematischem Substanzkonsum sind psychisch und physisch belasteter und beschreiben ihre Lebensqualität als niedriger als eine Normstichprobe. Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung erwies sich als der einschlägigste Prädiktor für die Vorhersage der Resilienz, während Schulbildung und Zufriedenheit mit der Unterstützung des Hilfesystems keinen Vorhersagebeitrag leisteten. Resilienz als positives Maß im Sinne von Lebensqualität war darüber hinaus durch die Zufriedenheit mit der emotionalen Unterstützung im privaten Umfeld assoziiert.
Schlussfolgerungen Der Austausch mit anderen Betroffenen (u. a. in Selbsthilfegruppen oder gruppentherapeutischen Angeboten) kann für Angehörige eine wichtige Unterstützungsmöglichkeit sein um Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung zu stärken und sollte weiter gefördert werden. Darüber hinaus kann schon durch Zuwendung und emotionale Unterstützung (Empathie) eine höhere subjektive Lebensqualität erreicht werden. Dies stellt einen relativ niedrigschwelligen Ansatzpunkt für alle Akteure im Versorgungssystem dar.
Kinderheilkunde im Spiegel der Kinderrechtskonvention
Authors: Klein Christoph 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Kinderrechtskonvention der Vereinten Nationen ist nicht nur ein völkerrechtlich bindendes Dokument, das Kindern umfassende Rechte gewährt, sondern ist auch im Rang eines einfachen Gesetzes in Deutschland verbindlich. Mit Blick auf die medizinische Versorgung ist darin das „Recht auf das erreichbare Höchstmaß an Gesundheit“ sowie das Prinzip des „Vorrangs des Kindeswohls“ bei allen Entscheidungen öffentlicher oder privater Institutionen festgeschrieben. In diesem Beitrag sollen einige grundlegende Aspekte der Kinderrechtskonvention und der Monitorierung ihrer Umsetzung dargestellt sowie aktuelle Entwicklungen der Kinder- und Jugendmedizin in Deutschland im Licht der Konvention beleuchtet werden.
Benefit-Cost Analysis of Radiocesium Decorporation by a Prussian Blue Treatment and Stockpiling
Authors: Rump Alexis , Stricklin Daniela , Lamkowski Andreas , Eder Stefan , Port Matthias 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn the case of an attack by a “dirty bomb” with cesium-137 there is a risk of internal contamination. The excretion of cesium-137 can be enhanced by Prussian Blue (PB), and thus the committed effective dose be reduced. We analyzed the benefit and costs of PB decorporation treatment. We simulated the reduction of the radiological dose by PB treatment after cesium-137 incorporation by inhalation. The saving of life time was quantified using the monetary “value of a statistical life” (VSL). Treatment costs were based on the market price of PB in Germany. Moreover we considered the holding costs of stockpiling. The benefit of PB treatment increases with its duration up to about 90 days. If treatment initiation is delayed, the maximum achievable benefit is decreased. For a VSL of 1.646 million €, the net benefit of a 90-days treatment started 1 day after the incorporation remains positive up to a stockpiling duration of 10 years. If starting PB treatment as late as the 180th day after incorporation, the costs will surpass the benefit. We conclude that a prompt decision making and early treatment initiation greatly impacts on the medical but also economic efficiency of a PB treatment.
Handgun waiting periods reduce gun deaths
Authors: Luca Michael , Malhotra Deepak , Poliquin Christopher 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Waiting period laws that delay the purchase of firearms by a few days reduce gun homicides by roughly 17%. Our results imply that the 17 states (including the District of Columbia) with waiting periods avoid roughly 750 gun homicides per year as a result of this policy. Expanding the waiting period policy to all other US states would prevent an additional 910 gun homicides per year without imposing any restrictions on who can own a gun.
Motion microscopy for visualizing and quantifying small motions
Authors: Wadhwa Neal , Chen Justin G. , Sellon Jonathan B. , Wei Donglai , Rubinstein Michael , Ghaffari Roozbeh , Freeman Dennis M. , Büyüköztürk Oral , Wang Pai , Sun Sijie , Kang Sung Hoon , Bertoldi Katia , Durand Frédo , Freeman William T. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Humans have difficulty seeing small motions with amplitudes below a threshold. Although there are optical techniques to visualize small static physical features (e.g., microscopes), visualization of small dynamic motions is extremely difficult. Here, we introduce a visualization tool, the motion microscope, that makes it possible to see and understand important biological and physical modes of motion. The motion microscope amplifies motions in a captured video sequence by rerendering small motions to make them large enough to see and quantifies those motions for analysis. Amplification of these tiny motions involves careful noise analysis to avoid the amplification of spurious signals. In the representative examples presented in this study, the visualizations reveal important motions that are invisible to the naked eye.
Overcoming factors limiting high-solids fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Yen , Cai Charles M. , Kumar Rajeev , Wyman Charles E. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Future production of renewable transportation fuels such as ethanol must rely on abundant nonfood plant sources also known as lignocellulosic biomass. However, a major historical barrier to low-cost production of ethanol from biomass is the low ethanol yields and titers that result from fermentation of biomass solids at high solids when compared with simple sugar fermentations. Here, we show that combining a cosolvent-enhanced lignocellulosic fractionation (CELF) pretreatment process with subsequent simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) can achieve similar high ethanol yields and titers that match that of separate pure glucose fermentations. We demonstrate a strategy whereby direct fermentation of biomass to ethanol is now limited by the microbe rather than by the process.
Multimodal mapping of the brain’s functional connectivity and the adult outcome of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Sudre Gustavo , Szekely Eszter , Sharp Wendy , Kasparek Steven , Shaw Philip 
Published: October 2017

SignificanceMany children do not simply “outgrow” attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The disorder often persists and affects around one in 40 adults, presenting a major public health challenge. Defining the mechanisms that underpin this variable clinical outcome could stimulate novel approaches to boost recovery in ADHD. We map the brain’s functional architecture in 205 young adults followed clinically since childhood. We find clinically significant inattention persisting from childhood has a disruptive effect on the functional connections within and between the brain’s major networks. These disruptions are similar whether defined through direct observation of neuronal activity or measures of hemodynamic change. By contrast, adults who remit from childhood ADHD showed typical brain connectivity, suggesting convergence toward typical brain function may underpin recovery.
Increasing potential for intense tropical and subtropical thunderstorms under global warming
Authors: Singh Martin S. , Kuang Zhiming , Maloney Eric D. , Hannah Walter M. , Wolding Brandon O. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
A substantial fraction of the world’s most intense thunderstorms occur in the tropics and subtropics, but the response of such storms to climate change remains uncertain. Here, we show that, in simulations of global warming, a measure of the energy available to thunderstorms increases robustly across the tropics and subtropics. Furthermore, we elucidate an important mechanism contributing to such increases in available energy, and we present observational evidence that this mechanism is present in Earth’s atmosphere. By combining theory, observations, and models, our results provide confidence in climate model projections of future intense thunderstorm potential; such model projections are shown to imply large future increases in the frequency of damaging thunderstorm environments in tropical and subtropical regions.
Revealing dynamics of helicase translocation on single-stranded DNA using high-resolution nanopore tweezers
Authors: Craig Jonathan M. , Laszlo Andrew H. , Brinkerhoff Henry , Derrington Ian M. , Noakes Matthew T. , Nova Ian C. , Tickman Benjamin I. , Doering Kenji , de Leeuw Noah F. , Gundlach Jens H. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
DNA helicases are enzymes that use energy from ATP hydrolysis to move along nucleic acid tracks and unwind double-stranded DNA. Helicases are involved in every aspect of DNA metabolism and are therefore vital to maintaining genomic integrity. Using the single-molecule technique single-molecule picometer-resolution nanopore tweezers (SPRNT), which measures the position of DNA through the biological membrane protein MspA as an enzyme moves along the DNA, we monitored the kinetics of the helicase Hel308 at 1,000 times better temporal resolution than was previously possible. We derived a detailed mechanism for how ATP hydrolysis coordinates the motion of Hel308 along single-stranded DNA that can likely be applied to other structurally similar helicases and showed that the DNA sequence in Hel308 affects its kinetics.
Soft actuator based on Kraton with GO/Ag/Pani composite electrodes for robotic applications
Authors: Khan Ajahar , Jain Ravi Kant , Banerjee Priyabrata , Inamuddin  , Asiri Abdullah M 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
In this work, electrochemically-driven Kraton/graphene oxide/Ag/polyaniline (Kraton/GO/Ag/Pani) polymer composite based ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) was fabricated as a soft actuator. Silver nanopowder with polyaniline coating used as an electrode material is a novel approach in the fabrication of IPMC, which gives new opportunities for development of the electrode on ionic polymer actuator surfaces directly without electroless plating of Pt or Au metal. The Kraton/GO/Ag/Pani membrane showed much higher water-uptake (WU), ion exchange capacity (IEC), proton conductivity than those of several reported IPMC membranes. The enhanced actuation performance indicates that the Kraton/GO/Ag/Pani is a better alternative to the highly expensive commercialized IPMC actuator.
Creating a sewing village in Seoul: towards participatory village-making or post-political urban regeneration?
Authors: Kim Jiyoun , Cho Mihye 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis paper examines an urban regeneration project in the Changsin-Sungin Area (CSA), Seoul, by drawing on the current debates on post-political urban policy. Adjacent to Dongdaemun Fashion Market (DFM), the K-fashion hub, the CSA is known for the clustered sewing factories embedded in residential housing. In 2014, the CSA was selected as a test-bed for the implementation of the new policy called the Urban Regeneration Programme (URP). This new scheme is publicly funded seeking continuity and civic participation in urban regeneration. The CSA-URP contrasts with previous schemes in Korea, in which private developers, with state support, were the main drivers of massive demolition and reconstruction. In order to promote participation, the city government has created an intermediary for public–private partnership and adopted the public contest for the distribution of resources. Significantly, this new model has shifted its focus of regeneration from housing to public space, from entitlement to participation, and from proprietorship to cultural capital. This has also raised new queries about whether the new model effectively promotes residents’ bottom-up participation or manages consensual atmosphere. By contemplating Seoul’s latest urban regeneration experience, this paper examines whether the CSA-URP offers corrective forces to capital-led and top-down urbanization or it depoliticizes the political. Thereby, the paper aims to contribute to the critical understanding of post-political urbanism.
Genome sequencing reveals thatStreptococcus pneumoniaepossesses a large and diverse repertoire of antimicrobial toxins
Authors: Javan Reza Rezaei , van Tonder Andries J , King James P , Harrold Caroline L , Brueggemann Angela B 
Published: October 2017

AbstractStreptococcus pneumoniae(‘pneumococcus’) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and a frequent coloniser of the nasopharynx. Competition among bacterial members of the nasopharynx is believed to be mediated by bacteriocins: antimicrobial toxins produced by bacteria to inhibit growth of other bacteria. Bacteriocins are also promising candidates for novel antimicrobials. Here, 14 newly-discovered bacteriocin gene clusters were identified among >6,200 pneumococcal genomes. The molecular epidemiology of the bacteriocin clusters was investigated using a large global and historical pneumococcal dataset. The analyses revealed extraordinary bacteriocin diversity among pneumococci and the majority of bacteriocin clusters were also found in other streptococcal species. Genomic hotspots for the integration of bacteriocin genes were discovered. Experimentally, bacteriocin genes were transcriptionally active when the pneumococcus was under stress and when two strains were competing in broth co-culture. These findings fundamentally expand our understanding of bacteriocins relative to intraspecies and interspecies nasopharyngeal competition.
Csde1 binds transcripts involved in protein homeostasis and controls their expression in erythropoiesis
Authors: Moore Kat S , Yagci Nurcan , van Alphen Floris , Paolini Nahuel A , Horos Rastislav , Held Ntsiki M , Houtkooper Riekelt H , van den Akker Emile , Meijer Alexander B , ‘t Hoen Peter A.C. , von Lindern Marieke 
Published: October 2017

AbstractExpression of the RNA-binding protein Csde1 (Cold shock domain protein e1) is strongly upregulated during erythropoiesis compared to other hematopoietic lineages. In the severe congenital anemia Diamond Blackfan Anemia (DBA), however, Csde1 expression is impaired. Reduced expression of Csde1 in healthy erythroblasts impaired their proliferation and differentiation, which suggests an important role for Csde1 in erythropoiesis. To investigate the cellular pathways controlled by Csde1 in erythropoiesis, we identified the transcripts that physically associate with Csde1 in erythroid cells. These mainly encoded proteins involved in ribogenesis, mRNA translation and protein degradation, but also proteins associated with the mitochondrial respiratory chain and mitosis. Crispr/Cas9-mediated deletion of the first cold shock domain of Csde1 affected RNA expression and/or protein expression of Csde1-bound transcripts. For instance, protein expression of Pabpc1 was enhanced while Pabpc1 mRNA expression was reduced indicating more efficient translation of Pabpc1 followed by negative feedback on mRNA stability. Overall, the effect of reduced Csde1 function on mRNA stability and translation of Csde1-bound transcripts was modest. Clones with complete loss of Csde1, however, could not be generated. We suggest that Csde1 is involved in feed-back control in protein homeostasis and that it dampens stochastic changes in mRNA expression.
Oil, gold, US dollar and stock market interdependencies: a global analytical insight
Authors: Arfaoui Mongi , Ben Rejeb Aymen 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine, in a global perspective, the oil, gold, US dollar and stock prices interdependencies and to identify instantaneously direct and indirect linkages among them.

Design/methodology/approach
A methodology based on simultaneous equations system was used to identify direct and indirect linkages for the period 1995-2015. The authors try initially to find theoretical answers to main question of the study by discussing causal bilateral relationships while focusing on multilateral interactions.

Findings
The results show significant interactions between all markets. The authors found a negative relation between oil and stock prices but oil price is significantly and positively affected by gold and USD. Oil price is also affected by oil futures prices and by Chinese oil gross imports. Gold rate is concerned by changes in oil, USD and stock markets. The US dollar is negatively affected by stock market and significantly by oil and gold price. Indirect effects always exist which confirm the presence of global interdependencies and involve the financialization process of commodity markets.

Originality/value
Motivation of this research paper is the substantial implications of price movements on real economy and financial markets. Understanding that co-movement has great value for investors, policy makers and portfolio managers. This paper differs from previous studies in several aspects. First, most of the research papers focus on bilateral linkages solely, while the authors’ investigation was implemented on all the four markets simultaneously. Second, the study was developed in a global framework using international data. The global analysis allows avoiding country specific effects.
Distributed control technology for management of roads with autonomous cars
Authors: Sapaty Peter Simon 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop advanced ideology and technology for effective management of future road networks with massive use of autonomous cars.

Design/methodology/approach
High-level distributed control technology has been developed, already used in many civil and defence areas. It has a controlled super-virus nature capable of coping with highly dynamic and unpredictable situations in large distributed systems.

Findings
Exemplary road scenarios written in a special high-level language, the core of the technology, show suitability of the approach offered for solving a variety of dynamic and crisis situations on future roads with numerous driverless cars.

Originality/value
The approach offered is unique, without any known analogies.
Simplified atmospheric model for UAV simulation and evaluation
Authors: Da Costa Siqueira Jessica , Perhinschi Mario G. , Al-Sinbol Ghassan 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop a simplified atmospheric model including constant wind, turbulence, gusts, and wind shear to provide simulation tools for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) design, testing, and evaluation within the West Virginia University (WVU) UAV simulation environment.

Design/methodology/approach
Analytical methods and experimental data are used to develop the simplified model for air mass motion as a superposition of four major components. Spatial gradients of relative air velocity vector projections are considered for modeling wind shear effects. The total contribution to relative air velocity from the four components in vehicle body axes is used within the WVU UAV simulation environment to calculate aerodynamic forces and moments. The simplified wind model is also interfaced with aircraft sub-system upset conditions models and different autonomous flight scenarios.

Findings
The simplified wind model developed provides simulation of different upset environment flight conditions with desirable levels of realism. It allows the testing, comparison, and evaluation of different trajectory tracking solutions for autonomous flight.

Research limitations/implications
The proposed simplified wind model facilitates the investigation of the effects of different atmospheric scenarios on the performance of trajectory generation algorithms and trajectory tracking control laws.

Practical implications
The proposed simplified wind model has been proved to be a high flexibility tool for simulation of UAVs under normal and abnormal flight conditions. It is expected to provide valuable support for the design and analysis of autonomous flight control laws.

Originality/value
This research effort provides a new capability for the advanced simulation of UAV autonomous flight with practically no additional computational cost. It adds an unprecedented level of detail and versatility to the UAV simulation toolkit within a very user-friendly framework aimed at supporting UAV design and analysis for optimal performance and safety under normal and abnormal flight conditions.