bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allometric and temporal scaling of movement characteristics in Galapagos tortoises
Authors: Bastille‐Rousseau Guillaume , Yackulic Charles B. , Frair Jacqueline L. , Cabrera Freddy , Blake Stephen 
Published: June 2016

SummaryUnderstanding how individual movement scales with body size is of fundamental importance in predicting ecological relationships for diverse species. One‐dimensional movement metrics scale consistently with body size yet vary over different temporal scales. Knowing how temporal scale influences the relationship between animal body size and movement would better inform hypotheses about the efficiency of foraging behaviour, the ontogeny of energy budgets, and numerous life‐history trade‐offs.We investigated how the temporal scaling of allometric patterns in movement varies over the course of a year, specifically during periods of motivated (directional and fast movement) and unmotivated (stationary and tortuous movement) behaviour. We focused on a recently diverged group of species that displays wide variation in movement behaviour – giant Galapagos tortoises (Chelonoidisspp.) – to test how movement metrics estimated on a monthly basis scaled with body size.We used state‐space modelling to estimate seven different movement metrics of Galapagos tortoises. We used log‐log regression of the power law to evaluate allometric scaling for these movement metrics and contrasted relationships by species and sex.Allometric scaling of movement was more apparent during motivated periods of movement. During this period, allometry was revealed at multiple temporal intervals (hourly, daily and monthly), with values observed at daily and monthly intervals corresponding most closely to the expected one‐fourth scaling coefficient, albeit with wide credible intervals. We further detected differences in the magnitude of scaling among taxa uncoupled from observed differences in the temporal structuring of their movement rates.Our results indicate that the definition of temporal scales is fundamental to the detection of allometry of movement and should be given more attention in movement studies. Our approach not only provides new conceptual insights into temporal attributes in one‐dimensional scaling of movement, but also generates valuable insights into the movement ecology of iconic yet poorly understood Galapagos giant tortoises.
US Interstate Risk Sharing: A Post‐Crisis Examination
Authors: Duwicquet Vincent , Farvaque Etienne 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis paper examines the modalities of risk sharing in the United States, and their evolution between the pre‐financial crisis period and the post‐crisis one. Reassessing the mechanisms at play in the US economy, we document a lower share of adjustment coming from capital markets, in comparison to previous estimates. The measures taken during the crisis have not impacted the absolute degree of risk sharing, although the relative size of its components has changed, with a stronger role for the federal government.
Paediatric acute care: Highlights from the PAC‐APLS conference, Sydney, 2015
Authors: Teo Stephen , Stanford Jane , Rao Arjun , Babl Franz E 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe Paediatric Acute Care Conference (PACC) is an annual conference organised by Advanced Paediatric Life Support (APLS) Australia to advance paediatric acute care topics for clinicians in pre‐hospital medicine, EDs, acute paediatrics, intensive care and anaesthesia. All PACC content is made available free online (https://vimeo.com/aplsaustralia). The PAC conference 2015 was held at Coogee, Sydney. We provide a summary of some of the presentations.
Time‐Independent and Time‐Dependent Rheological Characterization of Dispersions with Varying Contents of Chickpea Flour and Gum Arabic Employing the Multiple Loop Experiments
Authors:  J. Shanthilal , Bhattacharya Suvendu 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe chickpea (Cicer arietinum) flour dispersions as the model system with different contents of flour (37% to 43%) and gum arabic (0% to 5%) were subjected to multiple loop experiments for simultaneous determination of the time‐independent and time‐dependent rheological characteristics. The Herschel–Bulkley model was suitable (0.993 ≤ r ≤ 0.999) to relate the time‐independent characteristics linking shear stress and shear rate data for the individual upward and downward curves. The yield stress, consistency index, and apparent viscosity increased with the increasing flour and/or gum contents while flow behavior index (n) decreased. The yield stress generally decreased with the number of loops but n increased. In the individual loop tests, the n values for the decreasing shear stress/shear rate curves were always higher than corresponding increasing curves meaning a shift toward Newtonian characteristics. The time‐independent properties (yield stress, apparent viscosity, consistency index, and n), the time‐dependent characteristics like the area of the loop, and liquid characteristics like pourability and the nonoral sensory attributes (viscosity, spreadability, and tackiness) were individually predicted by artificial neural networks wherein the root mean square errors were between 3.6% and 17.2%. The sensory assessment indicated that the desirable parameters for a free‐flowing and easily pourable spherical chickpea batter droplets occurred when the average pourability and spreadability values were 6.9 and 5.9, respectively. The normalized indices for these 2 parameters indicated that the batter having 40% flour and 2% gum contents was most suitable exhibiting a deviation of only 10% from the ideal sensory scores; these values were 40% and 0% to 3%, and 43% and 0%, respectively exhibiting up to 20% deviation.
Allelopathic interactions involving benthic phototrophic microorganisms
Authors: Allen Joey L. , Ten‐Hage Loïc , Leflaive Joséphine 
Published: June 2016

SummaryAs a way to prevent resource depletion by other species, many phototrophic aquatic microorganisms produce inhibitory compounds. This process, known as allelopathy, has been widely studied in planktonic environments, where it is recognized as being a driving force of planktonic communities. However, in benthic environments, biofilms provide very particular micro‐environments. The present review focuses on allelopathic interactions involving benthic phototrophic prokaryotes and micro‐eukaryotes (‘microalgae’), which generally form biofilms, and includes any interaction involving benthic microalgae either as the emitter or as the target in both marine and freshwater habitats.To support our hypothesis on the importance of allelopathy in biofilms due to the particularities of biofilms, we show that (i) reported allelopathic species and compounds are diverse and numerous in the three major groups of benthic phototrophic microorganisms, (ii) allelopathic benthic species could affect community composition, (iii) allelopathy in biofilms is currently underestimated because of the lack of suitable methods.As benthic primary producers represent an important source of organic carbon in some streams and littoral areas, these interactions could impact the whole ecosystem in these areas, probably more than in areas dominated by planktonic communities.
Genetic relationships between length of productive life and lifetime production efficiency in a commercial swine herd in Northern Thailand
Authors: Noppibool Udomsak , Elzo Mauricio A. , Koonawootrittriron Skorn , Suwanasopee Thanathip 
Published: June 2016

AbstractGenetic parameters and trends for length of productive life (LPL), lifetime number of piglets born alive per year (LBAY), lifetime number of piglets weaned per year (LPWY), lifetime litter birth weight per year (LBWY) and lifetime litter weaning weight per year (LWWY) were estimated using phenotypic records of 3085 sows collected from 1989 to 2013 in a commercial swine farm in Northern Thailand. The five‐trait animal model included the fixed effects of first farrowing year‐season, breed group and age at first farrowing. Random effects were animal and residual. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.04 ± 0.02 for LBWY to 0.17 ± 0.04 for LPL. Genetic correlations ranged from 0.66 ± 0.14 between LPL and LBAY to 0.95 ± 0.02 between LPWY and LWWY. Spearman rank correlations among estimated breeding values for LPL and lifetime production efficiency traits tended to be higher for boars than for sows. Sire genetic trends were negative and significant for all traits, except for LPWY. Dam genetic trends were positive and significant for all traits. Sow genetic trends were mostly positive and significant only for LPWY and LBWY. Improvement of LPL and lifetime production efficiency traits will require these traits to be included in the selection indexes used to choose replacement boars and gilts in this population.
Terminal Posterior Tilted Implants Planned as a Sinus Graft Alternative for Fixed Full‐Arch Implant‐Supported Maxillary Restoration: A Case Series with 10‐ to 19‐Year Results on 44 Consecutive Patients Presenting for Routine Maintenance
Authors: Fortin Yvan , Sullivan Richard M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPurposePosterior maxillary tilted implants are gaining prevalence as an alternative to sinus grafts supporting fixed maxillary restorations. This paper reports long‐term results after loading using this technique.Materials and MethodsConsecutive patients presenting for either routine hygiene maintenance or unplanned emergency care who had received tilted implants as a sinus graft alternative to support fixed fully implant‐supported restoration of an edentulous maxilla and were followed for a minimum of 10 years from initial implant placement were included in this evaluation.ResultsForty‐four patients were identified: 40 with bilateral tilted implants and 4 with one tilted and one axial posterior implant. Eight patients received one‐piece fixed porcelain‐to‐gold screw‐retained restorations, and thirty‐six patients received a fully implant‐supported patient‐removable Marius Bridge. Seventy‐nine out of 84 originally loaded posterior tilted implants survived a minimum of 10 years loading; one tilted implant was lost at 10 years. Eight additional posterior implants were placed for either these lost tilted posterior implants or as proactive supplemental support; one of these replacement tilted implants survived for at least 10 years and is included in the data. All patients have maintained continuous fixed function throughout the follow‐up period. Forty‐one out of 44 patients continue with the original restoration, 33 without modification or removal of the fixed restoration or implant‐connecting bar. One porcelain‐to‐gold and seven Marius Bridges had framework modifications to accommodate additional implants; 3 Marius Bridge restorations were replaced with a newer generation.ConclusionWithin the limits of this retrospective study, the results show that continuous fixed function of fully implant‐supported maxillary restorations using posterior tilted implants in terminal positions of support as a sinus graft alternative combined with axial anterior implants is possible over a prolonged period. Loss of a posterior tilted implant after loading is treatable with another tilted, zygomatic or axial implant, typically requiring only modification of the fixed restoration.
Mainstreaming the social sciences in conservation
Authors: Bennett Nathan J. , Roth Robin , Klain Sarah C. , Chan Kai M. A. , Clark Douglas A. , Cullman Georgina , Epstein Graham , Nelson Michael Paul , Stedman Richard , Teel Tara L. , Thomas Rebecca E. W. , Wyborn Carina , Curran Deborah , Greenberg Alison , Sandlos John , Veríssimo Diogo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDespite broad recognition of the value of social sciences and increasingly vocal calls for better engagement with the human element of conservation, the conservation social sciences remain misunderstood and underutilized in practice. The conservation social sciences can provide unique and important contributions to society's understanding of the relationships between humans and nature and to improving conservation practice and outcomes. There are 4 barriers—ideological, institutional, knowledge, and capacity—to meaningful integration of the social sciences into conservation. We provide practical guidance on overcoming these barriers to mainstream the social sciences in conservation science, practice, and policy. Broadly, we recommend fostering knowledge on the scope and contributions of the social sciences to conservation, including social scientists from the inception of interdisciplinary research projects, incorporating social science research and insights during all stages of conservation planning and implementation, building social science capacity at all scales in conservation organizations and agencies, and promoting engagement with the social sciences in and through global conservation policy‐influencing organizations. Conservation social scientists, too, need to be willing to engage with natural science knowledge and to communicate insights and recommendations clearly. We urge the conservation community to move beyond superficial engagement with the conservation social sciences. A more inclusive and integrative conservation science—one that includes the natural and social sciences—will enable more ecologically effective and socially just conservation. Better collaboration among social scientists, natural scientists, practitioners, and policy makers will facilitate a renewed and more robust conservation. Mainstreaming the conservation social sciences will facilitate the uptake of the full range of insights and contributions from these fields into conservation policy and practice.
The 6‐month effectiveness of Internet‐based guided self‐help for depression in adults with Type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ebert D. D. , Nobis S. , Lehr D. , Baumeister H. , Riper H. , Auerbach R. P. , Snoek F. , Cuijpers P. , Berking M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this research is to examine the 6‐month effects of an Internet‐based guided self‐help intervention for comorbid depressive symptoms in people with diabetes.MethodsParticipants (n = 260) with Type 1 or 2 diabetes and elevated depressive symptoms [Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D) ≥ 23] were randomly assigned to a guided Internet‐based self‐help intervention or a control condition (treatment as usual + online psychoeducation about depression). The primary outcome was a change in depressive symptom severity (CES‐D) from baseline to 6‐month follow‐up. The secondary outcomes included numbers of people achieving treatment response (reliable change of depressive symptoms) and remission (CES‐D ≤ 16), as well as the effects on glycaemic control, diabetes‐related emotional distress and diabetes acceptance. Repeated measures analysis of variance examined between‐group differences using intent‐to‐treat principles.ResultsBoth conditions showed improvements in depression severity: intervention condition, d = 1.48 [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.21 to 1.76]; control condition d = 0.55 (95% CI: 0.30 to 0.80). Changes were significantly greater in the intervention condition with a large between‐group effect size (d = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.57 to 1.08). Accordingly, effects on response [relative risk (RR) = 2.60 (95% CI: 2.01 to 3.36), P < 0.001] and remission [RR = 3.36 (95% CI: 2.98 to 5.44), P < 0.001] were in favour of the intervention group, as were differences in change in diabetes emotional distress (d = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.54), and physical and mental functioning [Short Form Health Survey (SF‐12) Physical d = 0.27 (95% CI: 0.01 to 0.51) and SF‐12 Mental d = 0.68 (95% CI: 0.11 to 0.40)]. The intervention group was not superior with regard to glycaemic control, diabetes self‐management and diabetes acceptance.ConclusionsThe trial indicates that Internet‐based guided self‐help treatments for depression in people with diabetes can have sustained effects on depressive symptoms, well‐being and emotional distress associated with diabetes.
Neural activity of orbitofrontal cortex contributes to control of waiting
Authors: Xiao Xiong , Deng Hanfei , Wei Lei , Huang Yanwang , Wang Zuoren 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe willingness to wait for delayed reward and information is of fundamental importance for deliberative behaviors. The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is thought to be a core component of the neural circuitry underlying the capacity to control waiting. However, the neural correlates of active waiting and the causal role of the OFC in the control of waiting still remain largely unknown. Here, we trained rats to perform a waiting task (waiting for a pseudorandom time to obtain the water reward), and recorded neuronal ensembles in the OFC throughout the task. We observed that subset OFC neurons exhibited ramping activities throughout the waiting process. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that neural activities during the waiting period even predicted the trial outcomes (patient vs. impatient) on a trial‐by‐trial basis. Furthermore, optogenetic activation of the OFC during the waiting period improved the waiting performance, but did not influence rats’ movement to obtain the reward. Taken together, these findings reveal that the neural activity in the OFC contributes to the control of waiting.
Concussive convulsions: A YouTube video analysis
Authors: Tényi Dalma , Gyimesi Csilla , Horváth Réka , Kovács Norbert , Ábrahám Hajnalka , Darnai Gergely , Fogarasi András , Büki András , Janszky József 
Published: June 2016

SummaryObjectiveTo analyze seizure‐like motor phenomena immediately occurring after concussion (concussive convulsions).MethodsTwenty‐five videos of concussive convulsions were obtained from YouTube as a result of numerous sports‐related search terms. The videos were analyzed by four independent observers, documenting observations of the casualty, the head injury, motor symptoms of the concussive convulsions, the postictal period, and the outcome.ResultsImmediate responses included the fencing response, bear hug position, and bilateral leg extension. Fencing response was the most common. The side of the hit (p = 0.039) and the head turning (p = 0.0002) was ipsilateral to the extended arm. There was a tendency that if the blow had only a vertical component, the bear hug position appeared more frequently (p = 0.12). The motor symptom that appeared with latency of 6 ± 3 s was clonus, sometimes superimposed with tonic motor phenomena. Clonus was focal, focally evolving bilateral or bilateral, with a duration of 27 ± 19 s (5–72 s). Where lateralization of clonus could be determined, the side of clonus and the side of hit were contralateral (p = 0.039).SignificanceConcussive convulsions consist of two phases. The short‐latency first phase encompasses motor phenomena resembling neonatal reflexes and may be of brainstem origin. The long‐latency second phase consists of clonus. We hypothesize that the motor symptoms of the long‐latency phase are attributed to cortical structures; however, they are probably not epileptic in origin but rather a result of a transient cortical neuronal disturbance induced by mechanical forces.
Improved Vertical Streambed Flux Estimation Using Multiple Diurnal Temperature Methods in Series
Authors: Irvine D. J. , Briggs M. A. , Cartwright I. , Scruggs C. R. , Lautz L. K. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAnalytical solutions that use diurnal temperature signals to estimate vertical fluxes between groundwater and surface water based on either amplitude ratios (Ar) or phase shifts (Δϕ) produce results that rarely agree. Analytical solutions that simultaneously utilize Ar and Δϕ within a single solution have more recently been derived, decreasing uncertainty in flux estimates in some applications. Benefits of combined (ArΔϕ) methods also include that thermal diffusivity and sensor spacing can be calculated. However, poor identification of either Ar or Δϕ from raw temperature signals can lead to erratic parameter estimates from ArΔϕ methods. An add‐on program for VFLUX 2 is presented to address this issue. Using thermal diffusivity selected from an ArΔϕ method during a reliable time period, fluxes are recalculated using an Ar method. This approach maximizes the benefits of the Ar and ArΔϕ methods. Additionally, sensor spacing calculations can be used to identify periods with unreliable flux estimates, or to assess streambed scour. Using synthetic and field examples, the use of these solutions in series was particularly useful for gaining conditions where fluxes exceeded 1 m/d.
Optimising germinated conditions to enhance yield of resveratrol content in peanut sprout using response surface methodology
Authors: Miao Yu , Hong‐zhi Liu , Ying Yang , Ai‐min Shi , Li Liu , Hui Hu , Qiang Wang , Hong‐wei Yu , Xiao‐he Wang 
Published: June 2016

SummaryPeanut sprout has associated with enhance the content of a nonflavonoids known as resveratrol, which influences a variety of functions including against cancer, cardiovascular and delaying ageing. Peanut from Liaoning province of China was used as a material to accumulate resveratrol during germination. The individual effects of soaking temperature and time as well as germination temperature, time and humidity on resveratrol accumulation in 5 days germinated peanut were investigated. Then, based on Box–Behnken design, interactive effects of the germination parameters were evaluated by response surface methodology. The optimum conditions were as follows: soaking temperature at 35 °C, soaking time at 8 h, germination temperature at 29 °C, germination humidity at 90%, and germination time at 5 day. Under the optimum condition, resveratrol content reached 32.87 μg g−1, which was almost 9.78 times higher than that in the peanut which did not germinate.
Effect of starter cultures on the quality of Suan yu, a Chinese traditional fermented freshwater fish
Authors: Zeng Xuefeng , Zhang Wei , Zhu Qiujin 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThe generation of volatile compounds of four starter cultures composed of isolated microorganisms from traditional Suan yu was investigated. The cultures included two pure starters (PS1: Lactobacillus plantarum 120 and PS2: Pediococcus pentosaceus 220) and two mixed starters (MS1: L. plantarum 120, Staphylococcus xylosus 135 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 31 at 1:1:1; MS2: P. pentosaceus 220, S. xylosus 135 and S. cerevisiae 31 at 1:1:1). Naturally fermented Suan yu was used as control. The volatile compounds were collected from the headspace of the samples by Solid‐phase microextraction and analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The type and total content of volatile compounds in the mixed‐starter‐fermented fish were higher than those of the pure‐starter‐fermented samples and control. A total of seventy nine and eighty volatile compounds were detected in Suan yu fermented with MS1 and MS2, respectively, with ethanol as the predominant compound and hexanal, ethyl acetate, 3‐methylbutanol, 3‐hydroxy‐2‐butanone, hexanoic acid ethyl ester and 2,3‐butanedione as the other compounds. Furthermore, the sensorial acceptance of the different products with mixed starter cultures seemed to improve the quality of Suan yu products.