bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of burnout among HIV nurses in the Western Cape
Authors: Roomaney Rizwana , Steenkamp Jeanette , Kagee Ashraf 
Published: June 2017

Background: Burnout has been implicated as one of the reasons for key healthcare personnel, such as nurses, leaving their profession, resulting in insufficient staff to attend to patients.Objective: We investigated the predictors of three dimensions of burnout, namely emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and personal accomplishment, among nurses in South Africa attending to patients living with HIV.Method: Participants were recruited at a large tertiary hospital in the Western Cape region, with the help of the assistant director of nursing at the hospital. They completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Quantitative Workload Inventory, the Interpersonal Conflict at Work Scale, the Organisational Constraints Scale, the Death and Dying subscale of the Nursing Stress Scale, and the HIV and AIDS Stigma Instrument – Nurse.Results: We found elevated levels of burnout among the sample. Workload, job status and interpersonal conflict at work significantly explained more than one-third of the variance in emotional exhaustion (R² = 0.39, F(7, 102) = 9.28, p = 0.001). Interpersonal conflict, workload, organisational constraints and HIV stigma significantly explained depersonalisation (R² = 0.33, F(7, 102) = 7.22, p = 0.001). Job status and organisational constraints significantly predicted personal accomplishment (R² = 0.18, F(7, 102) = 3.12, p = 0.001).Conclusion: Factors such as workload, job status and interpersonal conflict in the work context, organisational constraints and stigma associated with HIV were found to be predictors of burnout in the sample of nurses. Our recommendations include developing and testing interventions aimed at reducing burnout among nurses, including reducing workload and creating conditions for less interpersonal conflict at work.
South African small and medium-sized enterprise owners’ intention to implement an environmental management system
Authors: Struwig Fredrika W. , Lillah Riyaadh 
Published: June 2017

<strong>Background:</strong> Environmental problems present the most complex and important managerial challenges of the 21st century. Most businesses have responded to these environmental problems by adopting an environmental management system.<p><strong>Aim:</strong> This article investigates South African small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) owners’ intentions to implement an environmental management system based on the theory of planned behaviour.</p><p><strong>Setting:</strong> Although large businesses are clearly of interest with respect to their environmental management, especially given their prominence in many of the most environmentally impactful sectors, the relative neglect of the environmental management of SMEs is disconcerting, given their overall importance in most economies. In addition, very little research used the theory of planned behaviour to empirically test SME owners’ intentions, to implement an environmental management system.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> A quantitative survey was used to collect primary data from 326 SME owners by a structured questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Regression analysis results confirmed the influence of SME owners’ attitudes towards an environmental management system and pro-environmental norms on their intention to implement an environmental management system. Perceived behavioural control, however, did not significantly influence the SME owners’ intention to implement an environmental management system.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> These findings provide valuable insights into the implementation of environmental management systems among South African SMEs. The theory of planned behaviour also seems to be an appropriate means to investigate the intentions of SMEs to implement an environmental management system.</p>
Rationale of Using Dynamic Imaging for Characterization of Suspicious Lung Masses into Benign or Malignant on Contrast Enhanced Multi Detector Computed Tomography
Authors: Khanduri Sachin , Bhagat Saurav , Shokeen Parul , Kumar Girjesh , Khanduri Shobha , Singh Bhumika 
Published: June 2017

Objectives:
To assess the utility of dynamic imaging namely, wash-in and wash-out characteristics through multidetector contrast-enhanced computed tomography in differentiating benign and malignant pulmonary masses.

Materials and Methods:
Seventy-three patients who were suspected to have malignant pulmonary mass on the basis of clinical symptoms and chest radiograph were included in the study. All the patients underwent multidetector computed tomography scanning, and three series of images were obtained for each patient-noncontrast, early enhanced, and 15 min delayed enhanced scans. Computed tomography (CT) findings were assessed in terms of washin, absolute, and relative percentage washout of contrast. Biopsy of the mass was done and sent for histopathological evaluation. Sensitivity, specificity, and area under curve for diagnosing malignancy in the lung masses were calculated by considering both the wash-in and wash-out characteristics at dynamic CT and plotting the receiver operating curve after the final diagnosis which was obtained by histopathological evaluation.

Results:
Threshold net enhancement (washin) value of >22.5 HU had sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of 88.5%, 57.1%, and 82%, respectively, in predicting malignancy. Threshold relative percentage washout of <16.235% had 98.1%, 85.7%, and 94% sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy, respectively, and threshold absolute percentage washout of <42.72% had 98.1%, 95.2%, and 95% sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy, respectively, in predicting malignancy.

Conclusion:
Threshold net enhancement (washin), absolute and relative washout percentages can be used to predict malignancy with very high diagnostic yield, and possibly obviate the need of invasive procedures for diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma.
Learning spaces around the university: Factors that affect the preferences for a space
Authors: Lee Jason Wen Yau 
Published: June 2017

A building space can play multiple roles within an education institution. New spaces are being designed and created with the hopes of fostering innovation, collaboration and creative. The idea of developing such spaces can only be realized if there are sufficient resources but the fact is that many institutions simply will not have the resources to create such a change. Given that most universities have existing resources that were developed over the years, we propose a preliminary framework that can be used to evaluate existing learning spaces
The ICT and gamification: tools for improving motivation and learning at universities
Authors: Lara J. Javier Serrano , Magraner Félix Fajardo 
Published: June 2017

The teacher-student technology gap and the lack of attention in the design of attractive and motivating learning methodologies often result in student´s demotivation and poor academic performance. To this end, from the research field, a series of methodologies and tools have been developed, such as gamification, as well as the introduction of ICT in lessons. By implementingSocrative, a classroom app to engage students, we tried to measure the evolution of students’ knowledge after the use of ICT and more interactive lessons. In addition, we tried to relate the level of motivation to students’ seating plan in the classroom (in rows). We also tried to analyse students' preferences and their feedback of the new techniques and methodologies used during the classes. The main result of the research is that the use of ICT and gamification in the classroom improved students’ motivation and learning, especially those who were less motivated. The direct relation between the students' seats in the classroom and their motivation was verified. At the same time, the learning differences between all the students in the classroom were reduced, achieving a balance between the learning and the motivation of the students. Keywords: Smartphone; incentive; learning; university students; Socrative.
Critical analysis and digital literacy in learning social psychology
Authors: González-Conde Joan , Codina Nuria , Valenzuela Rafael , Pestana Jose Vicente 
Published: June 2017

This paper presents a teaching experience in social psychology learning, aimed at students’ acquisition of critical analysis and digital literacy competences at the University of Barcelona. The methodology consisted of asking each student to answer to a socially relevant question, by means of (a) identifying key underlying psychosocial processes and (b) searching for adequate keywords in scientific databases such as PsycNet and Sociological Abstracts, in order to (c) select and critically compare two relevant articles that could answer this question. The acquisition of these competences was assessed with a rubric and related questions in the final exam. Results indicated both the effectiveness of this approach to teach competences in digital literacy and critical analysis through motivating questions, and the translation of these competences in other situations. This approach also showed to be more effective in teaching these ompetences than only giving lectures. This methodology is promising, as it provides an answer to how to give future professionals competences in answering effectively and rigorously to socially relevant problems in the Information Society.
Student Auditing of University Social Responsibility - Reform through Reflective, Experiential Learning?
Authors: Menezes Isabel , Coelho Márcia , Rodrigues Fernanda , Evans Peter , Martin Brian 
Published: June 2017

The emphasis on the social responsibility of higher education institutions emerged more systematically in the Post-Bologna European context. This paper presents an overview of a case study on a certificate in university social responsibility auditing, based on three European universities: Edimburgh, Kaunas and Porto. The goal is to develop an auditor training for students based on experiential learning, that is coherent and replicable in diverse contexts and that involves the various stakeholders. The project is based on a set of benchmarks of university social responsibility developed in the context of a European project, namely: Research, Teaching, Support for Learning and Public Engagement; Governance; Environmental and Societal Sustainability; and Fair Practices. We will report on the initial data generated by the ESSA Project, in respect of student recruitment, baseline attitudes and the impact of participation in the training and the first audit.
MOSTRA DE CIÊNCIA: UM EVENTO DE EXTENSÃO DA UFPR
Authors: Gomes Maria Aparecida Biason , Micaroni Liliana , Mello Regina Maria Queiroz de , Guimarães José Luís 
Published: June 2017

Feira ou Mostra de Ciências é uma oportunidade para o desenvolvimento da cultura científica. O evento de extensão da Universidade Federal do Paraná “Mostra de Ciência” é uma divulgação das atividades de extensão realizadas na UFPR envolvendo o Setor de Ciências Exatas e o Setor de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (SEPT). Neste trabalho relatamos as atividades relacionadas com a área de química: experimentos em química e jogos educativos que ocorreram na primeira e segunda edição deste evento. Os experimentos em química foram expostos por estudantes do ensino médio, que participaram do projeto de extensão “Pensando e Fazendo Ciência” do Departamento de Química da UFPR. Os jogos educativos em química foram executados por estudantes do ensino médio do SEPT/UFPR. A preparação e execução desse evento contou com a participação ativa dos estudantes de ensino médio, dos bolsistas de extensão e dos professores. Foram aplicados questionários impessoais aos visitantes e aos estudantes expositores em que se observa uma avaliação positiva em duas edições do evento. Portanto, a Mostra de Ciência foi um evento de extensão que promoveu o desenvolvimento da cultura científica entre estudantes do ensino médio, despertando o seu interesse pela ciência e possibilitou aos bolsistas uma experiência na área de ensino de química, além de desenvolver habilidades em laboratório e em pesquisa. Ainda, a participação em jogos educativos em química propiciou aos visitantes (estudantes de ensino médio) o desenvolvimento do pensamento científico e reforço de conceitos básicos em química.
A. R. Wallace Memorial Fund
Authors: BECCALONI GEORGE 
Published: July 2002

BSHS members might be interested to learn that an organization
named the ‘A. R. Wallace
Memorial Fund’ has recently been established in order to restore and protect the hitherto
neglected grave of Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913), one of the greatest tropical
naturalists of the nineteenth century. Wallace is best known as being the co-originator,
with Charles Darwin, of the theory of evolution by natural selection, and for his book
The Malay Archipelago, which is regarded as one of the most important of all Victorian
travel works.Wallace is buried together with his wife Annie in Broadstone Cemetery, Dorset. The
grave is marked by an unusual and striking monument: a seven-foot tall fossilised conifer
trunk from the Portland beds mounted on a large cubic base of Purbeck stone.
Unfortunately, the monument has not been properly maintained for many years and it is
now in poor condition. Furthermore, the lease on the grave has only fourteen years left to
run before it expires, after which there is a danger that the plot could be used for another
burial.The primary aims of the Wallace Memorial Fund are to restore the monument, apply
for it to be officially listed by the Department of Culture, Media and Sport, and to extend
the lease on the plot. A. R. Wallace's grandson Mr Richard Wallace (who is the treasurer
of the Fund) plans to transfer the lease to the Linnean Society of London once the
restoration work has been completed. This will ensure the grave's long-term protection.A secondary aim of our project is to commission English Heritage to produce a
commemorative ceramic plaque and install it on ‘The Dell’
(Grays, Essex), where Wallace
lived from 1872 to 1876. This is the only surviving one of three houses which Wallace built
(it is currently a convent) and he wrote his important book The Geographical Distribution
of Animals there. It is also notable in being one of the first houses in Britain to have
been constructed of concrete.The total cost of the project will be approximately £4955. Contributions to date total
£3000 leaving £1955 still to be raised. If any members of the Society would like to
make a donation then cheques should be made payable to ‘The A. R. Wallace Memorial
Fund’ and sent to Dr G. W. Beccaloni, A. R. Wallace Memorial Fund, c/o Entomology
Department, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London
SW7 5BD (Tel. 0207 942 5361, E-mail: g.beccaloni@nhm.ac.uk).
A NOTE ON FINITE GROUPS GENERATED BY THEIR SUBNORMAL SUBGROUPS
Authors: Ballester-Bolinches A. , Ezquerro L. M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractFollowing the theory of operators created by Wielandt, we ask for what kind of formations $\mathfrak{F}$ and for what kind of subnormal subgroups $U$ and $V$ of a finite group $G$ we have that the $\mathfrak{F}$-residual of the subgroup generated by two subnormal subgroups of a group is the subgroup generated by the $\mathfrak{F}$-residuals of the subgroups.In this paper we provide an answer whenever $U$ is quasinilpotent and $\mathfrak{F}$ is either a Fitting formation or a saturated formation closed for quasinilpotent subnormal subgroups.AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 20F17; 20D35
INVARIANTS AND COINVARIANTS OF FINITE PSEUDOREFLECTION GROUPS, JACOBIAN DETERMINANTS AND STEENROD OPERATIONS
Authors: Smith Larry 
Published: July 2002

AbstractLet $\rho:G\hookrightarrow\GL(n,\F)$ be a representation of a finite group $G$ over a finite field $\F$ and $f_1,\dots,f_n\in\F[V]^G$ such that the ring of invariants is a polynomial algebra $\F[f_1,\dots,f_n]$. It is known that in this case the algebra of coinvariants $\F[V]_G$ is a Poincaré duality algebra, and if, moreover, the order of $G$ is invertible in $\F$, that a fundamental class is represented by the Jacobian determinant $\mathchoice{\det\biggl[\frac{\partial f_i}{\partial z_j}\biggr]}{\det[\partial f_i/\partial z_j]}{\det[\partial f_i/\partial z_j]} {\det[\partial f_i/\partial z_j]}$, and is therefore a $\det^{-1}$-relative invariant. In this note we deduce what happens in the modular case. As a bonus we obtain a new criterion for an unstable algebra over the Steenrod algebra to be a ring of invariants.AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 13A50; 55S10
Sphere theorem by means of the ratio of mean
curvature functions
Authors: Koh Sung-Eun 
Published: July 2002

It is well
known that a compact embedded hypersurface of the Euclidean space without
boundary is a round sphere if one of mean curvature functions is constant. In
this note, we show that a compact embedded hypersurface of the Euclidean space
(and other constant curvature spaces) without boundary is a round sphere if the
ratio of some two mean curvature functions is
constant.1991 Mathematics Subject Classification 53C40, 53C20.
CONSTITUTIONAL AND UNCONSTITUTIONAL ROYALISM
Authors: SEAWARD PAUL 
Published: July 2002

Counter-revolution: the second Civil War and its origins,
1646–48. By Robert Ashton. London:
Yale University Press, 1994. Pp. xxi+521. £35.Sir Matthew Hale 1609–76. By Alan Cromartie.
Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 1995. Pp. x+264. £40.The old service: royalist regimental colonels and the English
Civil War, 1642–46. By
P. R. Newman. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1994. Pp. ix+324. £40.Constitutional royalism and the search for settlement, c.
1640–1649. By David L. Smith.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. Pp. xvi+371. £35.Loyalty and locality: popular allegiance in Devon during the
English Civil War. By Mark Stoyle.
Exeter: Exeter University Press, 1994. Pp. xvi+330. £30.
Feed intake and liveweight responses to nitrogen
and/or protein supplements by steers of Bos taurus,
Bos indicus and Bos taurus × Bos indicus breed types
offered a low quality grass hay
Authors: HENNESSY D. W. , WILLIAMSON P. J. , DARNELL R. E. 
Published: July 2002

Thirty steers were used in two pen experiments (Expts 1 and 2), and 27 of these in a third (Expt 3),
to quantify their responses of hay intake, rumen ammonia nitrogen (RAN) concentrations, and
liveweight to inputs of rumen soluble nitrogen (urea) and rumen undegradable protein (formaldehyde-treated casein; F-casein) when added to a basal diet of low quality hays. The hays were made from
unimproved native pastures typical of those grazed by cattle in the subtropics of Australia and
contained 7·8 g N/kg dry matter (DM) with coefficient of organic matter digestibility of 0·503 in
Expts 1 and 2, and 5·2 g N/kg DM with a digestibility range from 0·385 to 0·448 in Expt 3. The steers
(15 months old) were either Brahman (B), Hereford (H) or the F1 Brahman×Hereford (BH) cross.
Steers were offered supplementary minerals with the hays in each experiment. In Expt 1 (35 days) urea
was sprayed on part of the hay, allowing for daily urea intakes (g/steer) of either 0, 5, 11, 16 or 26.
In Expt 2 (42 days), F-casein was offered daily (g/steer) at either 0, 75, 150, 225 or 300 and in Expt
3 (56 days) discrete offerings were made of soluble casein (225 g/day), of urea (18 g/day)+F-casein
(225 g/day) or of nil.There were significant linear effects of urea intake upon hay intake and liveweight change of steers.
However, B steers had smaller increases in intake and liveweight change than did H steers, and B
steers did not have a linear increase in RAN concentrations with increasing urea intake as did H and
BH steers. In Expt 2 there were significant linear effects of F-casein supplements on hay intake and
liveweight change of steers and a significant improvement in their feed conversion ratio (i.e. DM
intake: liveweight change). The B steers did not differ from H and BH steers in liveweight change but
had significantly lower hay intakes and non-significantly smaller increases in RAN with increasing
F-casein intake. In Expt 3, hay intake of the steers increased with soluble casein (by 16·8%) and with
urea+F-casein (24·5%). Only steers given urea+F-casein had a high RAN concentration (94 mg/l)
and a high liveweight gain. The B steers had a liveweight loss and a lower hay intake than H or BH
steers in Expt 3 but a higher RAN concentration.These studies have indicated the importance of the form and quantity of additional N required by
cattle of differing breed types to optimize their feed intake and liveweight gain when offered low-N,
low-digestible hays.
In vitro caecal fermentation of nitrogenous substrates
in rabbits
Authors: MAROUNEK M. , SKŘIVANOVÁ V. , DUšKOVÁ D. 
Published: July 2002

Caecal contents of 3-month-old rabbits were analysed and used as inoculi of cultures supplied with
plant proteins (gluten, gliadin, zein), mucin, casein, ribonucleic acid (RNA) and glucose. The caecal
digesta contained dry matter, total N, protein, trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-soluble N and NH3-N at
234, 10·2, 42·6, 3·2 and 0·27 mg/g (on average), respectively. One g of the caecal digesta contained
180 μmol of glycine equivalents of amino acids in TCA-soluble fraction. Because ninhydrin reaction
was almost three times greater after HCl hydrolysis, peptides rather than amino acids were the
primary component in this fraction. Urea concentration was only 2·3 μg N/g.Net production of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in cultures with casein and mucin was higher than in
cultures with gluten, gliadin, zein and RNA. Zein was the least fermentable substrate tested. Acetate
was the principal fermentation end-product, followed mostly by butyrate and propionate. Branched-chain VFA proportions in VFA produced in cultures with casein, gluten, gliadin and zein were higher
than in those supplied with glucose, mucin and RNA. In the former cultures, branched-chain VFA
accounted for 10·2–17·7 molar % in the total VFA. In cultures supplied with proteins, there was a
significant correlation between methane and VFA production, and between VFA and ammonia. The
highest concentration of ammonia was found in cultures with casein. Production of methane was
increased on glucose and nitrogenous substrates containing a carbohydrate moiety (mucin, RNA). It
can be concluded that the caecal contents of rabbits are rich in nitrogenous compounds. The caecal
fermentation of nitrogenous substrates supplies nutrients both for caecal microorganisms (branched-chain VFA, NH3) and for the host (VFA).
Short Cuts and Long Shots: Raymond Carver's Stories and Robert Altman's Film
Authors: BODDY KASIA 
Published: July 2002

Asked by an interviewer about the starting-point for his stories, Raymond
Carver once commented:I never start with an idea. I always see something. I start with an image, a cigarette
being put out in a jar of mustard, for instance, or the remains, the wreckage of
a dinner left on the table. Pop cans in the fireplace, that sort of thing. And a
feeling goes with that. And that feeling seems to transport me back to that
particular time and place, and the ambiance of the time. But it is the image, and
the emotion that goes with that image – that's what's important.If Carver was interested in moving from the image into narrative, his
stories have had a tendency to inspire their readers to translate them back
into images. This was initially a critical tendency, as parallels were
frequently drawn between Carver's stories and the paintings of Edward
Hopper, and the paintings and sculptures of Photo Realists such as Duane
Hanson, Richard Estes and Ralph Goings. But it was not only critics who
looked to draw connections. In 1989, for example, Jo Ann Callis used a
selection of Carver's poems to accompany her photographs in an
exhibition catalogue, Objects of Reverie, while Bob Adelman has produced
a book of photographs purporting to represent Carver Country.