bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Searching for the Antigonea Theatre: A Magnetic Survey in an Ancient Epirus City
Authors: Schettino Antonio , Çondi Dhimiter , Perna Roberto , Pierantoni Pietro Paolo , Ghezzi Annalisa 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe report on two magnetic surveys performed in July and September 2015 at the ancient Hellenistic city of Antigonea, located in southern Albania. The main objective of the two surveys was to find the city theatre and determine possible sites of future excavations. We suggest a new technique for dense collecting of magnetic data along difficult terrains, with minimization of the topographic effect. Evidence of a possible location of the theatre was found along the southern slope of the Jermë hill, just outside the city walls. Other interesting structures indicate the presence of many other buildings in this part of the Antigonea settlement. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. StartCopTextStartCopTextCopyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Begrenzung der Rissbreite nach Eurocode 2
Authors: Tue Nguyen Viet , Turner Katrin 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDie Bemessung von Stahlbetonbauteilen erfolgt derzeit nach EC2 [1]. Ein wesentlicher Punkt in der Bemessung ist die Ermittlung der Mindestbewehrung gemäß den Angaben im Abschnitt 7.3.2. Durch die kompakte Darstellung der Gleichungen (7.1) und (7.2) in der Norm sind die mechanischen Zusammenhänge für die Anwender nicht einfach zu erkennen. Dies führt nicht selten zur falschen Interpretation der einzelnen Parameter und somit zu falschen Bemessungsergebnissen. Da die Mindestbewehrung in einzelnen Fällen die maßgebende Bewehrung für die Auslegung der Bauteile ist, insbesondere bei dicken Bauteilen, werden in diesem Beitrag die mechanischen Hintergründe für die beiden Gleichungen (7.1) und (7.2) dargestellt und erläutert. Hiermit sollte den in Ingenieurbüros tätigen Bauingenieuren mehr Sicherheit gegeben werden.
ÖBB Steyrtalbrücke – Belastungsprobe und Langzeitmessungen
Authors: Geier Roman , Menge Moritz , Mack Thomas , Petraschek Thomas 
Published: August 2016

AbstractZwischen Linz und Selzthal wurde an der Phyrnbahn in den Jahren 2013 bis 2014 die Steyrtalbrücke bei km 65,621 erneuert. Wesentliches Entwurfskriterium der ÖBB Infrastruktur AG als Bauherr war das Bestreben eines unter Life‐Cycle‐Cost‐Betrachtung optimierten Brückenbaus, der u. a. auch trotz der großen Brückenlänge von 182 m ohne wartungsintensive Schienenauszüge auskommt.Ausgehend von den normativen Vorgaben sowie gewissen Gestaltungsfreiräumen, welche die einschlägigen Normen zulassen, wurden bei der Planung Sonderwege bei der Ermittlung der Schienenspannungen aus der Interaktion beschritten. Die Ergebnisse der Berechnung Interaktion Gleis/Tragwerk ermöglichten schließlich tatsächlich den Verzicht auf Schienenauszüge.Im Planungsprozess wurden zahlreiche Annahmen getroffen, die anschließend über umfangreiche Messungen des tatsäch lichen Verhaltens verifiziert wurden. Dazu sollten neben Messungen während der statischen und dynamischen Belastungsprobe auch Langzeitmessungen durchgeführt werden, um das Tragverhalten über die Zeit beurteilen zu können sowie eine Bestätigung der Rechenansätze beim Nachweis der Gleis/Tragwerk‐Interaktion zu ermöglichen.In diesem Artikel sollen die Planung des Messsystems, die Durchführung und Ergebnisse der Messungen während der Belastungsprobe und des darauffolgenden Jahreszyklus erläutert werden.
Untersuchungen zur Genauigkeit von magnetisch induktiven Betondeckungsmessungen
Authors: Taffe Alexander , Jungen Barbara 
Published: August 2016

AbstractZerstörungsfreie Prüfverfahren (ZfP) zur Messung der Betondeckung sind seit Jahrzehnten bei der Ermittlung des Istzustands von Bestandsbauwerken und als Werkzeug zur Qualitätssicherung sowohl im Neubau als auch in der Betoninstandsetzung fest etabliert. Um zuverlässige Prüfaussagen zu erhalten, ist es zunächst erforderlich, durch die richtige Anwendung eines geeigneten Verfahrens genaue Messergebnisse zu erzeugen und diese dann richtig zu bewerten, z. B. durch einen statistischen Nachweis der Mindestbetondeckung. Daher konzentriert sich dieser Beitrag zunächst auf die Grundlagen von ZfPBau‐Verfahren zur präzisen Messung der Betondeckung. Hierbei sind magnetisch induktive Verfahren von radarbasierten Verfahren zu unterscheiden, deren jeweilige Möglichkeiten und Grenzen dargelegt werden. Im zweiten Teil wird die erzielbare Genauigkeit mit unterschiedlichen Geräten nach magnetisch induktivem Messprinzip anhand von systematischen Untersuchungen betrachtet. Dabei wird quantifiziert, mit welchen Abweichungen zu rechnen ist, wenn der Durchmesser nicht genau bekannt ist und dicht benachbarte Stäbe das Mess ergebnis beeinflussen. Abschließend werden die verminderten Abweichungen quantifiziert, wenn geräteeigene Nachbar stabskorrekturen verwendet werden. Das Ziel dieses Beitrags ist kein „Gerätetest”, vielmehr soll am Beispiel verschiedener Geräte auf der Basis unterschiedlicher Messprinzipien gezeigt werden, welche Genauigkeit unter welchen Einflussgrößen bei realen Messungen zu erzielen ist.
Enhancing fatty acid production in Escherichia coli by Vitreoscilla hemoglobin overexpression
Authors: Liu Di , Wan Ni , Zhang Fuzhong , Tang Yinjie J. , Wu Stephen G. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTOur recent 13C‐metabolic flux analysis (13C‐MFA) study indicates that energy metabolism becomes a rate‐limiting factor for fatty acid overproduction in E. coli strains (after “Push‐Pull‐Block” based genetic modifications). To resolve this bottleneck, Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb, a membrane protein facilitating O2 transport) was introduced into a fatty‐acid‐producing strain to promote oxygen supply and energy metabolism. The resulting strain, FAV50, achieved 70% percent higher fatty acid titer than the parent strain in micro‐aerobic shake tube cultures. In high cell‐density bioreactor fermentations, FAV50 achieved free fatty acids at a titer of 7.02 g/L (51% of the theoretical yield). In addition to “Push‐Pull‐Block‐Power” strategies, our experiments and flux balance analysis also revealed the fatty acid over‐producing strain is sensitive to metabolic burden and oxygen influx, and thus a careful evaluation of the cost‐benefit tradeoff with the guidance of fluxome analysis will be fundamental for the rational design of synthetic biology strains. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 463–467. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simple Preparation of Rhodococcus erythropolis DSM 44534 as Biocatalyst to Oxidize Diols into the Optically Active Lactones
Authors: Martinez‐Rojas Enriqueta , Olejniczak Teresa , Neumann Konrad , Garbe Leif‐Alexander , Boratyñski Filip 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn the current study, we present a green toolbox to produce ecological compounds like lactone moiety. Rhodococcus erythropolis DSM 44534 cells have been used to oxidize both decane‐1,4‐diol (2a) and decane‐1,5‐diol (3a) into the corresponding γ‐ (2b) and δ‐decalactones (3b) with yield of 80% and enantiomeric excess (ee) = 75% and ee = 90%, respectively. Among oxidation of meso diols, (−)‐(1S,5R)‐cis‐3‐oxabicyclo[4.3.0]non‐7‐en‐2‐one (5a) with 56% yield and ee = 76% as well as (−)‐(2R,3S)‐cis‐endo‐3‐oxabicyclo[2.2.1]dec‐7‐en‐2‐one (6a) with 100% yield and ee = 90% were formed. It is worth mentioning that R. erythropolis DSM 44534 grew in a mineral medium containing ethanol as the sole source of energy and carbon Chirality 28:623–627, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Supply chain optimization of flare‐gas‐to‐butanol processes in alberta
Authors: Hoseinzade Leila , Adams Thomas A. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTIn this work, the economic feasibility of combining a novel portable gas‐to‐methanol process with a novel methanol‐to‐butanol process is examined. The gas‐to‐methanol process converts waste flare gas into methanol using a series of truck‐mounted devices deployed at oil production wellheads. The methanol‐to‐butanol process uses a new proprietary catalyst which produces butanol via a diketene intermediate at a large centralized facility. The goal of this work is to identify the best ways of commercializing this technology in Alberta. To do this, a supply chain optimization model is formulated which considers specifically how many gas‐to‐methanol trucks should be used and where specifically in Alberta they should be deployed, the specific suppliers of CO2 to use, where the location of the central methanol‐to‐butanol facility should be chosen, and the costs of transportation of materials between locations. The model framework also considers the possibility of getting methanol in full or in part by alternative means such as producing methanol from conventional pipeline natural gas, or purchasing methanol from petrochemical or biomass‐based routes. The supply chain optimization problem is formulated as a nonconvex NLP and BARON is used in a Pareto analysis considering weighted combinations of economic and environmental objective functions. The resulting analysis provides a variety of possible viable strategies which can provide both profitability and reduced environmental emissions in Alberta by using a combination of the novel portable flare gas capture devices with more conventional gas‐to‐liquids technologies.
Characteristics of water holdup for oil and water mixture flows in horizontal, vertical, and inclined pipes
Authors: Xu Jing‐yu , Liu Shuo , Zhang Dong , Zhang Jian 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this work, the water holdup and slippage for oil and water mixture flows in horizontal, vertical, and inclined pipes have been investigated. A large group of experimental data was collected from 21 different sources covering the whole range of inclination angles from −90° to 90° to reveal the holdup characteristics and develop the drift velocity model. The results show that in horizontal flows the water holdup is dependent to the flow pattern, and yet in vertical flows the water holdup is similar to the input one and the flow direction shows a few influences on the holdup. In inclined flows, the Froude numbers are relatively independent of inclination angles when the angles are greater than 30°. Therefore, the changes of water holdup in the pipe with small inclination angles are more severe than those with large inclination angles. In addition, a satisfactory agreement between predicted and experimental holdups substantiates the general validity of the proposed drift velocity correlation for oil and water flows, especially for those with large inclination angles.
Characterization and modelling of a maldistributed Trickle Bed Reactor
Authors: Augier Frédéric , Fourati Manel , Haroun Yacine 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA Trickle Bed Reactor equipped with a non‐ideal distribution tray is investigated. First, a non‐ideal co‐current trickling flow of nitrogen and heptane, induced by a partially plugged tray, is characterized experimentally using the γ‐tomography technique. Resulting liquid saturation data are used to validate the Euler‐Euler CFD model developed in previous work of Solomenko et al.[16] on a 3D realistic flow. The resulting 3D CFD model is then coupled with simple isothermal kinetics of heteroatom removal of heavy petroleum cuts, and the effect of maldistribution on reactor performance is discussed. The problem of CFD model reduction to a 1D reactor model is finally addressed based on transport of internal ages distribution theory. Different 1D models are compared based on reactor effluent throughput. It is shown that a 1D‐Multi Exit reactor model that respects both the age variance at the system outlet as well as the degree of mixing inside the reactor gives the best prediction of the reactor performance.
Next‐generation sequencing survey of biliary tract cancer reveals the association between tumor somatic variants and chemotherapy resistance
Authors: Ahn Daniel H. , Javle Milind , Ahn Chul W. , Jain Apurva , Mikhail Sameh , Noonan Anne M. , Wu Christina , Shroff Rachna T. , Chen James L. , Bekaii‐Saab Tanios 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUNDBiliary tract cancers (BTCs) are uncommon and are associated with a dismal prognosis. Combinations of gemcitabine and platinum chemotherapy (gemcitabine and platinum–based therapy [GP]) form the standard approach for treating advanced BTC. To characterize the spectrum of mutations and to identify potential biomarkers for a GP response in BTC, this study evaluated the genomic landscape and assessed whether mutations affecting DNA repair were associated with GP resistance.METHODSPretreatment, formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded samples from 183 BTC patients treated with GP were analyzed. Cox regression models were used to determine the association between mutations, progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).RESULTSWhen genes with an incidence > 10% were considered, no individual gene was independently predictive of a GP response. In patients with unresectable BTC who received GP as their first‐line therapy, the joint status of cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A), tumor protein 53 (TP53), and AT‐rich interaction domain 1A (ARID1A) was associated with PFS (P = .0004) and OS (P ≤ .0001). Patients with mutations in CDKN2A and TP53 were identified as a poor‐prognosis cohort with a median PFS of 2.63 months and a median OS of 5.22 months. Patients with mutant ARID1A, regardless of the single‐mutation status of TP53 or CDKN2A, had similar outcomes. A patient who exhibited mutations in all 3 genes had a median PFS of 20.37 months, and OS was not reached.CONCLUSIONSIn the largest exploratory analysis of this kind for BTC, 3 prevalent, mutually exclusive mutations represent distinct patient cohorts. These mutations are prognostic and may represent a predictive biomarker for a GP response. Prospective studies to validate these findings are needed, and they should include the incorporation of therapies that exploit the genomic instability observed with these mutations in BTC. Cancer 2016;122:3657‐66. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Risks of first and subsequent cancers among TP53 mutation carriers in the National Cancer Institute Li‐Fraumeni syndrome cohort
Authors: Mai Phuong L. , Best Ana F. , Peters June A. , DeCastro Rosamma M. , Khincha Payal P. , Loud Jennifer T. , Bremer Renée C. , Rosenberg Philip S. , Savage Sharon A. 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUNDLi‐Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is an autosomal dominant cancer predisposition syndrome characterized by a very high lifetime cancer risk and an early age at diagnosis of a wide cancer spectrum. Precise estimates for the risk of first and subsequent cancers are lacking.METHODSThe National Cancer Institute's Li‐Fraumeni Syndrome Study includes families meeting the diagnostic criteria for LFS or Li‐Fraumeni‐like syndrome, and individuals with a germline TP53 mutation, choroid plexus carcinoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, or ≥3 cancers. Herein, we estimated the cumulative risk and annual hazards for first and second cancers among TP53 mutation carriers (TP53 positive [TP53+]) using MATLAB statistical software.RESULTSThis study evaluated 286 TP53+ individuals from 107 families. The cumulative cancer incidence was 50% by age 31 years among TP53+ females and 46 years among males, and nearly 100% by age 70 years for both sexes. Cancer risk was highest after age 20 years for females, mostly due to breast cancer, whereas among males the risk was higher in childhood and later adulthood. Among females, the cumulative incidence rates by age 70 years for breast cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, brain cancer, and osteosarcoma were 54%, 15%, 6%, and 5%, respectively. Among males, the incidence rates were 22%, 19%, and 11%, respectively, for soft tissue sarcoma, brain cancer, and osteosarcoma. Approximately 49% of those with 1 cancer developed at least another cancer after a median of 10 years. The average age‐specific risk of developing a second cancer was comparable to that of developing a first cancer.CONCLUSIONSThe cumulative cancer risk in TP53 + individuals was very high and varied by sex, age, and cancer type. Additional work, including prospective risk estimates, is needed to better inform personalized risk management. Cancer 2016;122:3673‐81. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
A novel social network access control model using logical authorization language in cloud computing
Authors: Ma Li , Tao Lixin , Gai Keke , Zhong Yong 
Published: August 2016

SummaryCurrent rapid increasing implementations in data diversity, autonomy, and dynamic privilege management, fine‐grained access controls in social networks have resulted in various challenges in applying existing access control models. The intercrossing relations lead to the complex access control system, which often brings risks when the system is updated or expanded. The implementations of cloud computing has further complicate the access controls due to multiple tenancies and service providers. We focus on this issue and propose a new social network access control model using logical authorization language, named as RuleSN, which can be efficiently used in cloud systems. This model provides high performance of authorization expressiveness and flexibility that can effectively describe relations of User to User (U2U), User to Resource (U2R), Resource to Resource (R2R) and attributes of users and resources. First, this paper elaborates the formal definitions of the RuleSN model. Second, we describe the model's authorization specification and verification policies and explain the syntax and semantics of the authorization language. Finally, the implementation, application, and expressiveness of the model discussed by examples. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cooperative frameworks and network models for flying ad hoc networks: a survey
Authors: Sharma Vishal , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: August 2016

SummaryIntegrated frameworks have extended the applications of networks beyond a simple data sharing unit. Simultaneously, operating networks can form a layered structure that can operate as homogeneous as well as dissociated units. Networks using unmanned aerial vehicles follow similar criteria in their operability. Unmanned aerial vehicles can act as single searching unit controlled by human or can form an aerial swarm that can fly autonomously with the capability of forming an aerial network. Such aerial swarms are categorized as aerial ad hoc networks. Cooperation amongst different networks can be realized using various frameworks, models, architectures and middlewares. Several solutions have been developed that can provide easy network deployment of aerial nodes. However, a combined literature is not present that provides a comparison between these approaches. Keeping this in view, various cooperative approaches for similar formation using aerial vehicles have been discussed in this paper. The detailed study and comparative analysis of these approaches have been included. Further, the paper also includes various software solutions and their comparisons based on common parameters. Finally, various open issues have been discussed that can provide insight of ongoing research and problems that are yet to be resolved in these networks. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bayesian adaptive design: improving the effectiveness of monitoring of the Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Kang Su Yun , McGree James M. , Drovandi Christopher C. , Caley M. Julian , Mengersen Kerrie L. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMonitoring programs are essential for understanding patterns, trends, and threats in ecological and environmental systems. However, such programs are costly in terms of dollars, human resources, and technology, and complex in terms of balancing short‐ and long‐term requirements. In this work, We develop new statistical methods for implementing cost‐effective adaptive sampling and monitoring schemes for coral reef that can better utilize existing information and resources, and which can incorporate available prior information. Our research was motivated by developing efficient monitoring practices for Australia's Great Barrier Reef. We develop and implement two types of adaptive sampling schemes, static and sequential, and show that they can be more informative and cost‐effective than an existing (nonadaptive) monitoring program. Our methods are developed in a Bayesian framework with a range of utility functions relevant to environmental monitoring. Our results demonstrate the considerable potential for adaptive design to support improved management outcomes in comparison to set‐and‐forget styles of surveillance monitoring.
Large, connected floodplain forests prone to flooding best sustain plant diversity
Authors: Johnson Sarah E. , Amatangelo Kathryn L. , Townsend Philip A. , Waller Donald M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDams, levees, and water withdrawals disrupt hydrologic regimes and associated floodplain forests. Because these forests are also responding to changes in land use, species invasions, and climate change, the relative effects of these factors are hard to disentangle. Most studies of floodplain forests lack historic data, requiring us to rely on recent data or contemporary spatial relationships to these drivers to infer those causes of vegetation dynamics. Here, we use survey data from the 1950s to reconstruct plant community changes across 40 floodplain forests in Wisconsin. We applied two partial least squares regression (PLS) models to evaluate how current site and landscape scale conditions and changes in these conditions since the 1950s influence contemporary patterns of community diversity and composition. Local site variables were among the most important in explaining current composition metrics and their changes, but historic landscape variables and changes in these were also important. Current local diversity (α) was the highest at sites prone to frequent flooding, even at sites in fragmented landscapes. Sites along sinuous rivers in large watershed areas with more contiguous forest had the highest abundance of wetland indicator plants in the re‐survey and had the largest increases in α diversity since the 1950s, despite having the highest presence of exotic species then. These same sites have converged in composition, reflecting increases in wetland indicator plants and common native species. These patterns of increasing α diversity coupled with declines in community distinctiveness are uncommon among long‐term studies. Increases in wetland plants may indicate that sites have become wetter with hydrologic changes, but these increases may also reflect improved colonization and establishment processes involving a robust regional pool of generalist wetland taxa. Woody and exotic plants typical of upland forests increased at rarely flooded sites in fragmented and urbanizing landscapes, indicating shifts towards a later‐successional conditions and a dampened disturbance regime. This has reduced local species diversity and increased regional distinctness at some sites. As hydrologic connections appear to best maintain native species diversity and composition, even in fragmented landscapes, managers should seek to recreate these whenever feasible.