bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebrovascular Events in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Results From an International Inception Cohort Study
Authors: Hanly John G. , Li Qiuju , Su Li , Urowitz Murray B. , Gordon Caroline , Bae Sang‐Cheol , Romero‐Diaz Juanita , Sanchez‐Guerrero Jorge , Bernatsky Sasha , Clarke Ann E. , Wallace Daniel J. , Isenberg David A. , Rahman Anisur , Merrill Joan T. , Fortin Paul , Gladman Dafna D. , Bruce Ian N. , Petri Michelle , Ginzler Ellen M. , Dooley M. A. , Steinsson Kristjan , Ramsey‐Goldman Rosalind , Zoma Asad A. , Manzi Susan , Nived Ola , Jonsen Andreas , Khamashta Munther A. , Alarcón Graciela S. , Chatham Winn , van Vollenhoven Ronald F. , Aranow Cynthia , Mackay Meggan , Ruiz‐Irastorza Guillermo , Ramos‐Casals Manuel , Lim S. Sam , Inanc Murat , Kalunian Kenneth C. , Jacobsen Soren , Peschken Christine A. , Kamen Diane L. , Askanase Anca , Theriault Chris , Farewell Vernon 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveTo determine the frequency, characteristics, and outcomes of cerebrovascular events (CerVEs), as well as clinical and autoantibody associations in a multiethnic/racial inception cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsA total of 1,826 patients were assessed annually for 19 neuropsychiatric (NP) events, including 5 types of CerVEs: 1) stroke, 2) transient ischemia, 3) chronic multifocal ischemia, 4) subarachnoid/intracranial hemorrhage, and 5) sinus thrombosis. Global disease activity (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease [SLE] Activity Index 2000), damage scores (SLE International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index), and Short Form 36 (SF‐36) scores were collected. Time to event, linear and logistic regressions, and multistate models were used as appropriate.ResultsCerVEs were the fourth most frequent NP event: 82 of 1,826 patients had 109 events; of these events, 103 were attributed to SLE, and 44 were identified at the time of enrollment. The predominant events were stroke (60 of 109 patients) and transient ischemia (28 of 109 patients). CerVEs were associated with other NP events attributed to SLE, non–SLE‐attributed NP events, African ancestry (at US SLICC sites), and increased organ damage scores. Lupus anticoagulant increased the risk of first stroke and sinus thrombosis and transient ischemic attack. Physician assessment indicated resolution or improvement in the majority of patients, but patients reported sustained reduction in SF‐36 summary and subscale scores following a CerVE.ConclusionCerVEs, the fourth most frequent NP event in SLE, are usually attributable to lupus. In contrast to good physician‐reported outcomes, patients reported a sustained reduction in health‐related quality of life following a CerVE.
Flexible and Transparent Graphene Electrode Architecture with Selective Defect Decoration for Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Park Ick‐Joon , Kim Tae In , Yoon Taeshik , Kang Sumin , Cho Hyunsu , Cho Nam Sung , Lee Jeong‐Ik , Kim Taek‐Soo , Choi Sung‐Yool 
Published: January 2018

AbstractGraphene produced by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has attracted great interest as a transparent conducting material, due to its extraordinary characteristics such as flexibility, optical transparency, and high conductivity, especially in next‐generation displays. Graphene‐based novel electrodes have the potential to satisfy the important factors for high‐performance flexible organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) in terms of sheet resistance, transmittance, work function, and surface roughness. In this study, flexible and transparent graphene electrode architecture is proposed by adopting a selective defect healing technique for CVD‐grown graphene, which results in several benefits that produce high‐performance devices with excellent stabilities. The proposed architecture, which has a multi‐layer graphene structure treated by a layer‐by‐layer healing process, exhibits significant improvement in sheet resistance with high optical transparency. For improving the charge transport property and mechanical robustness, various defect sites of the CVD‐grown graphene are successfully decorated with gold nanoparticles through a simple electroplating (EP) method. Further, a graphene‐based OLED device that integrates the proposed electrode architecture on flexible substrates is demonstrated. Therefore, this architecture provides a new strategy to fabricate graphene electrode in OLEDs, extending graphene's immense potential as an advanced conductor toward high‐performance, flexible, and transparent displays.
Black Phosphorus and Polymeric Carbon Nitride Heterostructure for Photoinduced Molecular Oxygen Activation
Authors: Zheng Yun , Yu Zihao , Ou Honghui , Asiri Abdullah M. , Chen Yilin , Wang Xinchen 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMetal‐free heterostructure photocatalysts composed of black phosphorus (BP) and polymeric carbon nitride (CN) are successfully synthesized via a one‐step liquid exfoliation method assisted by sonication. The combination of BP with CN strengthens the visible‐light harvesting ability, facilitates the charge separation in the photocatalytic process, and renders promoted activity of photoinduced molecular oxygen activation, such as superoxide radicals (·O2−) evolution and H2O2 production. This work highlights that coupling semiconductors with well‐matched band levels provide a flexible route to enhance the performance of photocatalysts for producing reactive oxygen species, and gives ideas for the design of highly active and metal‐free materials toward sustainable solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion and environmental remediation.
Stamping of Flexible, Coplanar Micro‐Supercapacitors Using MXene Inks
Authors: Zhang Chuanfang (John) , Kremer Matthias P. , Seral‐Ascaso Andrés , Park Sang‐Hoon , McEvoy Niall , Anasori Babak , Gogotsi Yury , Nicolosi Valeria 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe fast growth of portable smart electronics and internet of things have greatly stimulated the demand for miniaturized energy storage devices. Micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs), which can provide high power density and a long lifetime, are ideal stand‐alone power sources for smart microelectronics. However, relatively few MSCs exhibit both high areal and volumetric capacitance. Here rapid production of flexible MSCs is demonstrated through a scalable, low‐cost stamping strategy. Combining 3D‐printed stamps with arbitrary shapes and 2D titanium carbide or carbonitride inks (Ti3C2Tx and Ti3CNTx, respectively, known as MXenes), flexible all‐MXene MSCs with controlled architectures are produced. The interdigitated Ti3C2Tx MSC exhibits high areal capacitance: 61 mF cm−2 at 25 µA cm−2 and 50 mF cm−2 as the current density increases by 32 fold. The Ti3C2Tx MSCs also showcase capacitive charge storage properties, good cycling lifetime, high energy and power densities, etc. The production of such high‐performance Ti3C2Tx MSCs can be easily scaled up by designing pad or cylindrical stamps, followed by a cold rolling process. Collectively, the rapid, efficient production of flexible all‐MXene MSCs with state‐of‐the‐art performance opens new exciting opportunities for future applications in wearable and portable electronics.
Employing Polar Solvent Controlled Ionization in Precursors for Synthesis of High‐Quality Inorganic Perovskite Nanocrystals at Room Temperature
Authors: Fang Fan , Chen Wei , Li Yang , Liu Haochen , Mei Ming , Zhang Ruan , Hao Junjie , Mikita Marus , Cao Wanqiang , Pan Ruikun , Wang Kai , Sun Xiao Wei 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAll inorganic cesium lead halide (CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite nanocrystals (PeNCs) are synthesized by employing polar solvent controlled ionization (PCI) method in precursors. The new strategy can be easily carried out at room temperature and allow to employ smaller amount of weaker polarity and a broader range of low‐boiling low‐toxic solvents. The as prepared CsPbX3 PeNCs reveal tunable emission spectra from 380 to 700 nm and high quantum yields over 80% with narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM). Meanwhile, larger “effective Stokes shifts” of PeNCs in PCI method, which enlarges 200% more than other PeNCs in regular methods, are observed. Most interestingly, the PeNCs growth process is coupling with some typical crystals formations. The main morphologies of CsPbI3 PeNCs are hybrid of nanorods and nanoparticles. The primary morphologies of CsPbBrxI3‐x and CsPbBr3 PeNCs are nanowires, which are supposed to have great potentials for applying in laser arrays and highly sensitive photodetector applications. Furthermore, such superior optical is endowed to fabricate white light emitting diodes, which has wide color gamut covering up to 120% of the National Television Systems Committee color standard.
Confining Sulfur in Integrated Composite Scaffold with Highly Porous Carbon Fibers/Vanadium Nitride Arrays for High‐Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zhong Yu , Chao Dongliang , Deng Shengjue , Zhan Jiye , Fang RuYi , Xia Yang , Wang Yadong , Wang Xiuli , Xia Xinhui , Tu Jiangping 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIncreasing the utilization efficiency of sulfur electrodes and suppressing the “shuttle effect” of intermediate polysulfides are the key challenge for high‐performance lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs). Herein a facile combined strategy is reported to fabricate novel porous carbon fibers/vanadium nitride arrays (PCF/VN) composite scaffold for the storage of sulfur via a facile chemical etching united solvothermal–supercritical fluid method. More active sulfur can be stored in the PCF/VN backbone and dual blocking effects associated with “physical block and chemical absorption” for polysulfides are achieved in the PCF/VN/S integrated electrode. The PCF with highly porous structure provides large space to accommodate active sulfur and possesses cross‐linked maze channels to physically immobilize the polysulfide species. The VN nanobelt arrays demonstrate strong ability for chemically anchoring the polysulfides, thus retarding the shuttle effect. Due to the unique structure and dual confining effect, the designed PCF/VN/S electrode shows a high reversible capacity of 1310.8 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C, an extended cycle life (1052.5 mA h g−1 after 250 cycles) as well as enhanced rate capability, much better than other counterparts (CF/VN/S, PCF/S, and CF/S). This work opens a new door for fabricating high‐performance integrated electrodes for LSBs.
Electron Transfer Directed Antibacterial Properties of Graphene Oxide on Metals
Authors: Panda Sunita , Rout Tapan K. , Prusty Agnish Dev , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Nayak Sasmita 
Published: January 2018

AbstractNanomaterials such as silver nanoparticles and graphene‐based composites are known to exhibit biocidal activities. However, interactions with surrounding medium or supporting substrates can significantly influence this activity. Here, it is shown that superior antimicrobial properties of natural shellac‐derived graphene oxide (GO) coatings is obtained on metallic films, such as Zn, Ni, Sn, and steel. It is also found that such activities are directly correlated to the electrical conductivity of the GO‐metal systems; the higher the conductivity the better is the antibacterial activity. GO‐metal substrate interactions serve as an efficient electron sink for the bacterial respiratory pathway, where electrons modify oxygen containing functional groups on GO surfaces to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). A concerted effect of nonoxidative electron transfer mechanism and consequent ROS mediated oxidative stress to the bacteria result in an enhanced antimicrobial action of naturally derived GO‐metal films. The lack of germicidal effect in exposed cells for GO supported on electrically nonconductive substrates such as glass corroborates the above hypothesis. The results can lead to new GO coated antibacterial metal surfaces important for environmental and biomedical applications.
Tunneling Diode Based on WSe2/SnS2 Heterostructure Incorporating High Detectivity and Responsivity
Authors: Zhou Xing , Hu Xiaozong , Zhou Shasha , Song Hongyue , Zhang Qi , Pi Lejing , Li Liang , Li Huiqiao , Lü Jingtao , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: January 2018

Abstractvan der Waals (vdW) heterostructures based on atomically thin 2D materials have led to a new era in next‐generation optoelectronics due to their tailored energy band alignments and ultrathin morphological features, especially in photodetectors. However, these photodetectors often show an inevitable compromise between photodetectivity and photoresponsivity with one high and the other low. Herein, a highly sensitive WSe2/SnS2 photodiode is constructed on BN thin film by exfoliating each material and manually stacking them. The WSe2/SnS2 vdW heterostructure shows ultralow dark currents resulting from the depletion region at the junction and high direct tunneling current when illuminated, which is confirmed by the energy band structures and electrical characteristics fitted with direct tunneling. Thus, the distinctive WSe2/SnS2 vdW heterostructure exhibits both ultrahigh photodetectivity of 1.29 × 1013 Jones (Iph/Idark ratio of ≈106) and photoresponsivity of 244 A W−1 at a reverse bias under the illumination of 550 nm light (3.77 mW cm−2).
Chemically Responsive Elastomers Exhibiting Unity‐Order Refractive Index Modulation
Authors: Wu Di M. , Solomon Michelle L. , Naik Gururaj V. , García‐Etxarri Aitzol , Lawrence Mark , Salleo Alberto , Dionne Jennifer A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractChameleons are masters of light, expertly changing their color, pattern, and reflectivity in response to their environment. Engineered materials that share this tunability can be transformative, enabling active camouflage, tunable holograms, and novel colorimetric medical sensors. While progress has been made in creating artificial chameleon skin, existing schemes often require external power, are not continuously tunable, and may prove too stiff or bulky for applications. Here, a chemically tunable, large‐area metamaterial is demonstrated that accesses a wide range of colors and refractive indices. An ordered monolayer of nanoresonators is fabricated, then its optical response is dynamically tuned by infiltrating its polymer substrate with solvents. The material shows a strong magnetic response with a dependence on resonator spacing that leads to a highly tunable effective permittivity, permeability, and refractive index spanning negative and positive values. The unity‐order index tuning exceeds that of traditional electro‐optic and photochromic materials and is robust to cycling, providing a path toward programmable optical elements and responsive light routing.
Large‐Area Atomic Layers of the Charge‐Density‐Wave Conductor TiSe2
Authors: Wang Hong , Chen Yu , Duchamp Martial , Zeng Qingsheng , Wang Xuewen , Tsang Siu Hon , Li Hongling , Jing Lin , Yu Ting , Teo Edwin Hang Tong , Liu Zheng 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLayered transition metal (Ti, Ta, Nb, etc.) dichalcogenides are important prototypes for the study of the collective charge density wave (CDW). Reducing the system dimensionality is expected to lead to novel properties, as exemplified by the discovery of enhanced CDW order in ultrathin TiSe2. However, the syntheses of monolayer and large‐area 2D CDW conductors can currently only be achieved by molecular beam epitaxy under ultrahigh vacuum. This study reports the growth of monolayer crystals and up to 5 × 105 µm2 large films of the typical 2D CDW conductor—TiSe2—by ambient‐pressure chemical vapor deposition. Atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy indicates the as‐grown samples are highly crystalline 1T‐phase TiSe2. Variable‐temperature Raman spectroscopy shows a CDW phase transition temperature of 212.5 K in few layer TiSe2, indicative of high crystal quality. This work not only allows the exploration of many‐body state of TiSe2 in 2D limit but also offers the possibility of utilizing large‐area TiSe2 in ultrathin electronic devices.
Nanoparticle–Cell Interaction: A Cell Mechanics Perspective
Authors: Septiadi Dedy , Crippa Federica , Moore Thomas Lee , Rothen‐Rutishauser Barbara , Petri‐Fink Alke 
Published: January 2018

AbstractProgress in the field of nanoparticles has enabled the rapid development of multiple products and technologies; however, some nanoparticles can pose both a threat to the environment and human health. To enable their safe implementation, a comprehensive knowledge of nanoparticles and their biological interactions is needed. In vitro and in vivo toxicity tests have been considered the gold standard to evaluate nanoparticle safety, but it is becoming necessary to understand the impact of nanosystems on cell mechanics. Here, the interaction between particles and cells, from the point of view of cell mechanics (i.e., bionanomechanics), is highlighted and put in perspective. Specifically, the ability of intracellular and extracellular nanoparticles to impair cell adhesion, cytoskeletal organization, stiffness, and migration are discussed. Furthermore, the development of cutting‐edge, nanotechnology‐driven tools based on the use of particles allowing the determination of cell mechanics is emphasized. These include traction force microscopy, colloidal probe atomic force microscopy, optical tweezers, magnetic manipulation, and particle tracking microrheology.
Magnetic‐Induced‐Piezopotential Gated MoS2 Field‐Effect Transistor at Room Temperature
Authors: Liu Yudong , Guo Junmeng , Yu Aifang , Zhang Yang , Kou Jinzong , Zhang Ke , Wen Rongmei , Zhang Yan , Zhai Junyi , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractUtilizing magnetic field directly modulating/turning the charge carrier transport behavior of field‐effect transistor (FET) at ambient conditions is an enormous challenge in the field of micro–nanoelectronics. Here, a new type of magnetic‐induced‐piezopotential gated field‐effect‐transistor (MIPG‐FET) base on laminate composites is proposed, which consists of Terfenol‐D, a ferroelectric single crystal (PMNPT), and MoS2 flake. When applying an external magnetic field to the MIPG‐FET, the piezopotential of PMNPT triggered by magnetostriction of the Terfenol‐D can serve as the gate voltage to effectively modulate/control the carrier transport process and the corresponding drain current at room temperature. Considering the two polarization states of PMNPT, the drain current is diminished from 9.56 to 2.9 µA in the Pup state under a magnetic field of 33 mT, and increases from 1.41 to 4.93 µA in the Pdown state under a magnetic field of 42 mT and at a drain voltage of 3 V. The current on/off ratios in these states are 330% and 432%, respectively. This work provides a novel noncontact coupling method among magnetism, piezoelectricity, and semiconductor properties, which may have extremely important applications in magnetic sensors, memory and logic devices, micro‐electromechanical systems, and human–machine interfacing.
Highly Efficient Inverted Structural Quantum Dot Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Ruili , Wu Xun , Xu Kaimin , Zhou Wenjia , Shang Yuequn , Tang Haoying , Chen Hao , Ning Zhijun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHighly efficient PbS colloidal quantum dot (QD) solar cells based on an inverted structure have been missing for a long time. The bottlenecks are the construction of an effective p–n heterojunction at the illumination side with smooth band alignment and the absence of serious interface carrier recombination. Here, solution‐processed nickel oxide (NiO) as the p‐type layer and lead sulfide (PbS) QDs with iodide ligand as the n‐type layer are explored to build a p–n heterojunction at the illumination side. The large depletion region in the QD layer at the illumination side leads to high photocurrent. Interface carrier recombination at the interface is effectively prohibited by inserting a layer of slightly doped p‐type QDs with 1,2‐ethanedithiol as ligands, leading to improved voltage of the device. Based on this graded device structure design, the efficiency of inverted structural heterojunction PbS QD solar cells is improved to 9.7%, one time higher than the highest efficiency achieved before.
Single Pt Atoms Confined into a Metal–Organic Framework for Efficient Photocatalysis
Authors: Fang Xinzuo , Shang Qichao , Wang Yu , Jiao Long , Yao Tao , Li Yafei , Zhang Qun , Luo Yi , Jiang Hai‐Long 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIt is highly desirable yet remains challenging to improve the dispersion and usage of noble metal cocatalysts, beneficial to charge transfer in photocatalysis. Herein, for the first time, single Pt atoms are successfully confined into a metal–organic framework (MOF), in which electrons transfer from the MOF photosensitizer to the Pt acceptor for hydrogen production by water splitting under visible‐light irradiation. Remarkably, the single Pt atoms exhibit a superb activity, giving a turnover frequency of 35 h−1, ≈30 times that of Pt nanoparticles stabilized by the same MOF. Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy further unveils that the single Pt atoms confined into the MOF provide highly efficient electron transfer channels and density functional theory calculations indicate that the introduction of single Pt atoms into the MOF improves the hydrogen binding energy, thus greatly boosting the photocatalytic H2 production activity.
Versatile Indolocarbazole‐Isomer Derivatives as Highly Emissive Emitters and Ideal Hosts for Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent OLEDs with Alleviated Efficiency Roll‐Off
Authors: Zhang Dongdong , Song Xiaozeng , Cai Minghan , Kaji Hironori , Duan Lian 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMaintaining high efficiency at high brightness levels is an exigent challenge for real‐world applications of thermally activated delayed fluorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (TADF‐OLEDs). Here, versatile indolocarbazole‐isomer derivatives are developed as highly emissive emitters and ideal hosts for TADF‐OLEDs to alleviate efficiency roll‐off. It is observed that photophysical and electronic properties of these compounds can be well modulated by varying the indolocarbazole isomers. A photoluminescence quantum yield (ηPL) approaching unity and a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 25.1% are obtained for the emitter with indolo[3,2‐a]carbazolyl subunit. Remarkably, record‐high EQE/power efficiency of 26.2%/69.7 lm W−1 at the brightness level of 5000 cd m−2 with a voltage of only 3.74 V are also obtained using the same isomer as the host in a green TADF‐OLED. It is evident that TADF hosts with high ηPL values, fast reverse intersystem crossing processes, and balanced charge transport properties may open the path toward roll‐off‐free TADF‐OLEDs.
Characterization and Manipulation of Interfacial Activity for Aqueous Galinstan Dispersions
Authors: Koh Amanda , Mrozek Randy , Slipher Geoffrey 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRoom temperature liquid eutectic metals have the potential to maintain electrical and thermal conductivity during deformation, a combination of properties difficult to obtain. Two such metals, eutectic gallium–indium (EGaIn) and galinstan (eutectic gallium–indium–tin), exhibit similar flow behavior attributed to a thin oxide shell. Understanding the oxide shell is critical for understanding the interactions that influence mixing and stability of the liquid metals in other media. In this paper, the effect of aqueous HCl on the interfacial tension (IFT), interfacial rheology, and dispersibility of galinstan are systematically evaluated. It is determined that the IFT of galinstan/water and galinstan/1 m HCl are similar (≈530 mN m−1), but at 0.001 to 0.5 m HCl IFT decreases to 160 mN m−1. Similar discontinuous behavior is observed in the interfacial rheology. The low IFT coupled with a mechanically strong interface at intermediate acid concentrations suggests a change in interface composition. This is supported by SnO2 particles, present during the dispersion process, producing more stable galinstan dispersions than Ga2O3 or In2O3. Interestingly, SnO2 also improves the dispersion of EGaIn despite its lack of tin. This new interfacial manipulation method enables galinstan dispersions in a range of aqueous and nonaqueous phases to enhance the electrical and thermal properties.