bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal BMP4 effects on mouse embryonic and extraembryonic development
Authors: Hadas Ron , Rubinstein Hernan , Mittnenzweig Markus , Mayshar Yoav , Ben-Yair Raz , Cheng Saifeng , Aguilera-Castrejon Alejandro , Reines Netta , Orenbuch Ayelet-Hashahar , Lifshitz Aviezer , Chen Dong-Yuan , Elowitz Michael B. , Zernicka-Goetz Magdalena , Hanna Jacob H. , Tanay Amos , Stelzer Yonatan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe developing placenta, which in mice originates through the extraembryonic ectoderm (ExE), is essential for mammalian embryonic development. Yet unbiased characterization of the differentiation dynamics of the ExE and its interactions with the embryo proper remains incomplete. Here we develop a temporal single-cell model of mouse gastrulation that maps continuous and parallel differentiation in embryonic and extraembryonic lineages. This is matched with a three-way perturbation approach to target signalling from the embryo proper, the ExE alone, or both. We show that ExE specification involves early spatial and transcriptional bifurcation of uncommitted ectoplacental cone cells and chorion progenitors. Early BMP4 signalling from chorion progenitors is required for proper differentiation of uncommitted ectoplacental cone cells and later for their specification towards trophoblast giant cells. We also find biphasic regulation by BMP4 in the embryo. The early ExE-originating BMP4 signal is necessary for proper mesoendoderm bifurcation and for allantois and primordial germ cell specification. However, commencing at embryonic day 7.5, embryo-derived BMP4 restricts the primordial germ cell pool size by favouring differentiation of their extraembryonic mesoderm precursors towards an allantois fate. ExE and embryonic tissues are therefore entangled in time, space and signalling axes, highlighting the importance of their integrated understanding and modelling in vivo and in vitro.
Mars’s induced magnetosphere can degenerate
Authors: Zhang Qi , Barabash Stas , Holmstrom Mats , Wang Xiao-dong , Futaana Yoshifumi , Fowler Christopher M. , Ramstad Robin , Nilsson Hans 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe interaction between planets and stellar winds can lead to atmospheric loss and is, thus, important for the evolution of planetary atmospheres1. The planets in our Solar System typically interact with the solar wind, whose velocity is at a large angle to the embedded stellar magnetic field. For planets without an intrinsic magnetic field, this interaction creates an induced magnetosphere and a bow shock in front of the planet2. However, when the angle between the solar wind velocity and the solar wind magnetic field (cone angle) is small, the interaction is very different3. Here we show that when the cone angle is small at Mars, the induced magnetosphere degenerates. There is no shock on the dayside, only weak flank shocks. A cross-flow plume appears and the ambipolar field drives planetary ions upstream. Hybrid simulations with a 4° cone angle show agreement with observations by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution mission4 and Mars Express5. Degenerate, induced magnetospheres are complex and not yet explored objects. It remains to be studied what the secondary effects are on processes like atmospheric loss through ion escape.
Study on hand disinfection in inpatient geriatric care on the superiority of cold plasma aerosol versus alcohol-based disinfection methods in a parallel group design
Authors: Tischendorf Tim , Schaal Tom , Schmelz Ulrich 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe introduction of fundamental hygiene protocols within the healthcare sector during the nineteenth century led to a significant reduction in mortality rates. Contemporary advancements, such as alcohol-based sanitizers, have further enhanced hand hygiene practices. However, these measures are often overlooked in nursing facilities, resulting in low staff compliance rates and increased cross-infection rates. Novel approaches, such as cold plasma hand disinfection, present promising alternatives due to their minimal skin damage and economic benefits. This study aims to compare the disinfectant efficacy of cold plasma aerosol under practical application conditions with an alcoholic hand disinfectant listed by the Association for Applied Hygiene. The microbial count on participants’ hands was measured, with particular attention paid to the spontaneous occurrence of fecal indicators and the presence of potentially infectious bacteria. A t-test for independent samples was conducted to determine whether there was a significant difference between the two cohorts regarding the research question. Statistical analysis revealed that the mean log colony-forming unit (CFU) values were significantly lower in the test cohort using only the cold plasma method for hand disinfection compared to the cohort using conventional alcohol-based hand disinfection. Moreover, it was demonstrated that, unlike alcohol-based hand disinfection, cold plasma application ensures the effective elimination of Staphylococcus aureus. The findings indicate that staff utilizing plasma disinfection have an average bacterial count that is 0.65 log units lower than those who regularly use alcohol-based hand disinfection. In addition to the efficacy of cold plasma disinfection, its superiority over alcohol-based hand disinfection was also established. Beyond offering economic and logistical advantages, cold plasma disinfection provides additional health benefits as it does not induce skin damage, unlike alcohol-based hand disinfection.
Piperine’s potential in treating polycystic ovarian syndrome explored through in-silico docking
Authors: Francis Rahul , Kalyanaraman Ramanathan , Boominathan Vasuki , Parthasarathy Sudharsan , Chavaan Ashajyothi , Ansari Irfan Aamer , Ansari Siddique Akber , Alkahtani Hamad M , Chandran Janani , Tharumasivam Siva Vijayakumar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPolycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted metabolic and hormonal condition that impacts women in their procreative ages, identified by ovarian dysfunction, hyperandrogenaemia overweight and insulin insensitivity. The piperine, an important alkaloid compound of black pepper has shown promise in modulating various physiological processes. In this work, employed computational docking studies to explore the potential of piperine as a treatment for PCOS. Utilizing computational methods, we analyzed the binding interactions between piperine and key molecular targets implicated in PCOS pathogenesis, including hyperandrogenism, and “oligomenorrhea. The network pharmacology analysis report found 988 PCOS-related genes, 108 hyperandrogenism-related genes, and 377 oligomenorrhea-related genes, and we finally shortlisted 5 common genes in PCOS, hyperandrogenism, and “oligomenorrhea”: NR3C1, PPARG, FOS, CYP17A1, and H6PD. Our results reveal favorable binding affinities with PPARG (-8.34 Kcal/mol) and H6PD (-8.70 Kcal/mol) and interaction patterns, suggesting the potential of piperine to modulate these targets. Moreover, the reliability of the piperine-target interactions was revealed by molecular simulations studies. These findings support further experimental investigations to validate the therapeutic efficacy of piperine in PCOS management. The integration of computational approaches with experimental studies has the potential to lay the groundwork for the creation of new therapies specifically targeting PCOS and related endocrine disorders.
Plasma markers of neurodegeneration, latent cognitive abilities and physical activity in healthy aging
Authors: Nilsson Jonna , Jiang Yiwen , Johannesson Malin , Moberg Marcus , Wang Rui , Fabre Susanne , Lövdén Martin , Ekblom Örjan , Ekblom Maria 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBlood-based biomarkers of neurodegeneration demonstrate great promise for the diagnosis and prognosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Ultra-sensitive plasma assays now allow for quantification of the lower concentrations in cognitively unimpaired older adults, making it possible to investigate whether these markers can provide insight also into the early neurodegenerative processes that affect cognitive function and whether the markers are influenced by modifiable risk factors. Adopting an exploratory approach in 93 healthy older adults (65–75 years), we used structural equation modelling to investigate cross-sectional associations between multiple latent cognitive abilities (working memory, episodic memory, spatial and verbal reasoning) and plasma amyloid beta (Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio), phosphorylated-tau 181 (ptau-181), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light (NfL), as well as the influence of device-measured habitual physical activity on these associations. The results showed that NfL was negatively associated with working memory, and that NfL interacted with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in its association with episodic memory. The study has thereby demonstrated the potential of neurodegenerative plasma markers for improving understanding of normative cognitive aging and encourages future research to test the hypothesis that high levels of NfL, indicative of white matter pathology, limit the beneficial effect of physical activity on episodic memory in healthy aging.
CyuR is a dual regulator for L-cysteine dependent antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli
Authors: Rodionova Irina A. , Lim Hyun Gyu , Gao Ye , Rodionov Dmitry A. , Hutchison Ying , Szubin Richard , Dalldorf Christopher , Monk Jonathan , Palsson Bernhard O. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S), mainly produced from L-cysteine (Cys), renders bacteria highly resistant to oxidative stress and potentially increases antimicrobial resistance (AMR). CyuR is a Cys-dependent transcription regulator, responsible for the activation of the cyuPA operon and generation of H2S. Despite its potential importance, its regulatory network remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigate the roles of the CyuR regulon in a Cys-dependent AMR mechanism in E. coli strains. We show: (1) Generation of H2S from Cys affects the sensitivities to growth inhibitors; (2) Cys supplementation decreases stress responses; (3) CyuR negatively controls the expression of mdlAB encoding a potential transporter for antibiotics; (4) CyuR binds to a DNA sequence motif ‘GAAwAAATTGTxGxxATTTsyCC’ in the absence of Cys; and (5) CyuR may regulate 25 additional genes which were not reported previously. Collectively, our findings expand the understanding of the biological roles of CyuR relevant to antibiotic resistance associated with Cys.
A new electrolyte for molten carbonate decarbonization
Authors: Licht Gad , Hofstetter Kyle , Wang Xirui , Licht Stuart 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe molten Li2CO3 transformation of CO2 to oxygen and graphene nanocarbons (GNCs), such as carbon nanotubes, is a large scale process of CO2 removal to mitigate climate change. Sustainability benefits include the stability and storage of the products, and the GNC product value is an incentive for carbon removal. However, high Li2CO3 cost and its competitive use as the primary raw material for EV batteries are obstacles. Common alternative alkali or alkali earth carbonates are ineffective substitutes due to impure GNC products or high energy limitations. A new decarbonization chemistry utilizing a majority of SrCO3 is investigated. SrCO3 is much more abundant, and an order of magnitude less expensive, than Li2CO3. The equivalent affinities of SrCO3 and Li2CO3 for absorbing and releasing CO2 are demonstrated to be comparable, and are unlike all the other alkali and alkali earth carbonates. The temperature domain in which the CO2 transformation to GNCs can be effective is <800 °C. Although the solidus temperature of SrCO3 is 1494 °C, it is remarkably soluble in Li2CO3 at temperatures less than 800 °C, and the electrolysis energy is low. High purity CNTs are synthesized from CO2 respectively in SrCO3 based electrolytes containing 30% or less Li2CO3.
The role of microRNAs in pregnancies complicated by maternal diabetes
Authors: Owen Manon D. , Kennedy Margeurite G. , Quilang Rachel C. , Scott Eleanor M. , Forbes Karen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
With the global prevalence of diabetes increasing, more people of reproductive age are experiencing hyperglycaemic pregnancies. Maternal Type 1 (T1DM) or Type 2 (T2DM) diabetes mellitus, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are associated with maternal cardiovascular and metabolic complications. Pregnancies complicated by maternal diabetes also increase the risk of short- and long-term health complications for the offspring, including altered fetal growth and the onset of T2DM and cardiometabolic diseases throughout life. Despite advanced methods for improving maternal glucose control, the prevalence of adverse maternal and offspring outcomes associated with maternal diabetes remains high. The placenta is a key organ at the maternal–fetal interface that regulates fetal growth and development. In pregnancies complicated by maternal diabetes, altered placental development and function has been linked to adverse outcomes in both mother and fetus. Emerging evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) are key molecules involved in mediating these changes. In this review, we describe the role of miRNAs in normal pregnancy and discuss how miRNA dysregulation in the placenta and maternal circulation is associated with suboptimal placental development and pregnancy outcomes in individuals with maternal diabetes. We also discuss evidence demonstrating that miRNA dysregulation may affect the long-term health of mothers and their offspring. As such, miRNAs are potential candidates as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in diabetic pregnancies at risk of adverse outcomes.
Predictive Measures in Child Language Development: The Role of Familial History and Early Expressive Vocabulary
Authors: Capelli Elena , Dondena Chiara , Lorusso Maria Luisa , Mascheretti Sara , Pozzoli Raffaella , Salandi Antonio , Molteni Massimo , Riva Valentina , Cantiani Chiara 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
Prediction of developmental language disorder in children under 3 years of age is challenging. Among early risk factors, research has focused on having a positive familial history (FH+) for language or literacy problems and on late language emergence, that is, late-talker (LT) status. The interaction between these two risk factors and their cumulative effect is still debated. Here, we (a) investigate the effect of FH+ on 24-month language development, (b) test for cumulative effects of FH+ status and early language delay on 36-month language outcomes, and (c) disentangle the direct and indirect effects of familial history (FH) on the language outcome.

Method:
One hundred eighty-five Italian children were followed up longitudinally between 24 and 36 months of age (64 FH+ and 121 FH−) through parental questionnaires and direct child assessment.

Results:
At the age of 24 months, the FH+ group showed worse expressive vocabulary and higher prevalence of LT. At the age of 36 months, main effects of LT and FH were identified on lexical and phonological performances, respectively. Interestingly, significant interaction effects were identified on expressive vocabulary and phonological processing. Path analysis highlights that FH had a direct effect on later measures of phonology, whereas its effect on 36-month lexical abilities was indirect, via measures of expressive vocabulary at 24 months.

Conclusions:
The study suggests specific predictive roles of FH and LT status on language development. Interestingly, FH+ seems to represent an additive risk for LT children. The use of cumulative risk measures is confirmed as a powerful approach to identify those children with the highest probability of developing persistent language difficulties.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26790580
Detection prospects of very and ultra high-energy gamma rays from extended sources with ASTRI, CTA, and LHAASO
Authors: Celli S. , Peron G. 
Published: September 2024

Context. The recent discovery of several ultra high-energy gamma-ray emitters in our Galaxy represents a significant advancement towards the characterisation of its most powerful accelerators. Nonetheless, in order to unambiguously locate the regions where the highest energy particles are produced and understand the responsible physical mechanisms, detailed spectral and morphological studies are required, especially given that most of the observed sources were found to be significantly extended.
Aims. In these regards, pointing observations with the next-generation Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes, such as the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) Observatory and the ASTRI Mini-Array (ASTRI), are expected to provide significant improvements. Here we aim to identify the most promising sources to target in future observations.
Methods. For this purpose, we performed a comparative analysis of the expected performance of ASTRI and CTA, computing their differential sensitivities towards extended sources, and further explored their capabilities with respect to specific case studies, including follow-ups of existing gamma-ray source catalogues.
Results. We find that almost all of the sources thus far detected by LHAASO-WCDA and in the H.E.S.S. Galactic Plane Survey will be in the reach of ASTRI and CTA with about 300 and 50 hours of exposure, respectively. For the highest energy emitters detected by LHAASO-KM2A, in turn, we provide a list of the most promising objects that would require further investigation. We additionally examined specific classes of sources in order to identify potentially detectable gamma-ray emitters, such as passive molecular clouds (i.e. illuminated by the cosmic-ray sea) and pulsars surrounded by a halo of runaway particles.
Nationwide Survey – What is important for a sustainable radiology?
Authors: Palm Viktoria , Wucherpfennig Lena , Do Thuy Duong , Fink Matthias Alexander , von Stackelberg Oyunbileg , Schwaiger Benedikt Jakob , Kauczor Hans-Ulrich 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRadiology departments with the large diagnostic devices CT and MRI contribute significantly to the overall energy consumption of health facilities. However, there is a lack of systematic knowledge about the opinions of radiological staff on the most relevant aspects of sustainability. For this reason, we conducted a comprehensive survey for radiology employees on sentiment and experiences regarding sustainability in radiology.In collaboration with the Sustainability Network of the German Roentgen Society (DRG), we developed a questionnaire on various dimensions of sustainability in radiology. We conducted a nationwide online survey of radiology employees between July 1st, 2023 and November 30th, 2023. The absolute and percentage distributions were then determined.From 109 participants, mainly doctors (67/109; 62%) from university hospitals (48/109; 44.0%), 81 out of 109 rated sustainability in professional environment (74.3%) as important or very important. However, only 38 out of 109 (38%) of the respondents were able to name specific sustainable procedures in their institute. The most important topics for a sustainable radiology were waste management (26/109, 22.6%), energy reduction (19/109, 16.5%), conscious behaviour (15/109, 13%) and reduction of obsolete examinations (14/109, 12.2%). In addition, a lack of qualifications (16%), finances (21%) and compliance (21%) were named as challenges for the implementation of sustainable actions in radiology. The perceived importance of specific, sustainable measures in radiology is generally higher than the amount of already established actions.Radiology has significant, yet untapped, potential for sustainable optimization. There is a need for qualified and sensitized health care workers in radiology who are committed to sustainability in everyday clinical practice. Among other things, in this study the respondents demand a more critical indication for diagnostic workup, including avoiding redundant examinations, and a technological progress towards energy-efficient devices, which requires a dynamic exchange between radiology, industry and health care facilities.
Tabuthema Fehlgeburt? – Verankerung durch Mechanismen auf
medizinischer, sozialer und organisationaler Ebene „Es hat mir mein Herz
gebrochen und es ist halt so ...“
Authors: Christl-Sebinger Sarah , Schildberger Barbara 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Eine Fehlgeburt stellt die häufigste
Schwangerschaftskomplikation dar. In dieser Arbeit sollen die mit der Fehlgeburt
assoziierten Erlebnisse und deren Relevanz für die Frauen auf unterschiedlichen
Ebenen aufgearbeitet werden.
Methode Im Mai 2023 werden 14 leitfadengestützte Interviews mit Frauen
geführt. Das damit gewonnene Textmaterial wird mit Hilfe der inhaltsanalytischen
Vorgehensweise nach Mayring einem höheren Abstraktionsniveau zugeführt und im
Anschluss interpretiert.
Ergebnisse Die Untersuchungsergebnisse untermauern die Tragweite einer
Fehlgeburt als einschneidendes Erlebnis und die Annahme einer breiten, als
belastend erlebten, Tabuisierung. Der bewusst gewählte Austausch unter
Gleichgesinnten, die Verheimlichung der Schwangerschaft und in Folge der
Fehlgeburt aus Gründen der Scham, des Selbstschutzes vor beruflichen Nachteilen
und die Vermutung, das Gegenüber zu überfordern, wiegen nicht so schwer wie jene
Mechanismen, die im Gesundheitsbereich verortet sind: auf dieser Ebene tragen
Misstrauen, Bagatellisierung und organisatorische sowie räumliche
Unzulänglichkeiten zur Tabuisierung bei. Abgefedert wird der belastende Umstand
der Fehlgeburt durch Personen, die die Trauer anerkennen und Unterstützung
anbieten.
Schlussfolgerungen Auf Basis der Untersuchungsergebnisse können vor allem
Verbesserungen im Versorgungsbereich abgeleitet werden: Anerkennung der
Fehlgeburt, bedarfsorientierte Unterstützungsleistungen, Verbesserung
kommunikativer Elemente und organisatorischer sowie räumlicher
Rahmenbedingungen.