bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disjunct perceptions? Climate change threats in two-low lying South African coastal towns
Authors: Hoogendoorn Gijsbert , Grant Bronwyn , Fitchett Jennifer M. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Coastal towns rely heavily on the quality and expanse of their beaches to attract tourists. Climate is an important tourism determinant, controlling the length and timing of peak arrivals. South African tourism is particularly reliant on these factors. Perceptions of tourists and tourist accommodation establishment regarding climate change threats to tourism are explored for the towns of St Francis Bay and Cape St Francis. Tourism accommodation establishments were predominantly concerned with day-to-day changes in weather, investing in small-scale infrastructural changes to improve the comfort of their guests. By contrast, tourists demonstrated greater concern for the risk of flooding, sea-level rise and the degeneration of the beaches. This reflects concerning disjunctures between perceptions of tourists and accommodation establishments regarding climate change threats. This may portray to tourists insufficient investment in adaptation at accommodation establishments, resulting in decreased tourist visitations in the short-term in favour of destinations perceived as better prepared.
The dynamics of sex-age structure of the population in urban and rural areas in the Republic of Kazakhstan in the years 1991-2013
Authors: Nyussupova Gulnara , Kalimurzina Aisulu 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In this article we discuss and analyse changes in the sex-age structure of both the urban and the rural population of the Republic of Kazakhstan since independence (1991) and until 2013. Spatial analysis by age and sex was carried out for the urban and rural population of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The article focuses on the population of Astana and Almaty as cities of “republican subordination”. The aim of this article is to study and analyse the sex-age structure of the total population taking the urban and rural population from 1991 to 2013 separately. For comparison and analysis of statistical data in the dynamics, the data by sex and age of the urban and rural population for 1991, 2001 and 2011 were examined. Thus changes over 10 years are considered. The age groups for which the data were collected were based on differentiation of the population by economic status: pre-working (0-14 years), working (15-64), and post-working age (over 65 years).
Approximating actual flows in physical infrastructure networks: the case of the Yangtze River Delta high-speed railway network
Authors: Zhang Weiyang , Derudder Ben 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Previous empirical research on urban networks has used data on infrastructure networks to guesstimate actual inter-city flows. However, with the exception of recent research on airline networks in the context of the world city literature, relatively limited attention has been paid to the degree to which the outline of these infrastructure networks reflects the actual flows they undergird. This study presents a method to improve our estimation of urban interaction in and through infrastructure networks by focusing on the example of passenger railways, which is arguably a key potential data source in research on urban networks in metropolitan regions. We first review common biases when using infrastructure networks to approximate actual inter-city flows, after which we present an alternative approach that draws on research on operational train scheduling. This research has shown that ‘dwell time’ at train stations reflects the length of the alighting and boarding process, and we use this insight to estimate actual interaction through the application of a bimodal network projection function. We apply our method to the high-speed railway (HSR) network within the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region, discuss the difference between our modelled network and the original network, and evaluate its validity through a systemic comparison with a benchmark dataset of actual passenger flows.
The night vision distance measurement method dedicated for mobile robots
Authors: Fastowicz Jarosław , Lech Piotr 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The paper presents a vision based visual servoing system and active laser triangulation method for distance measurement. The proposed hybrid system is dedicated to mobile robot operating in difficult lighting conditions. The problems caused by the use of the video system in extremely underexposured 3D scene have been discussed and two devices performing the distance measurement together with an analysis measurements have been analyzed.
Micro- and Macrodata: a Comparison of the Household Finance and Consumption Survey with Financial Accounts in Austria
Authors: Andreasch Michael , Lindner Peter 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This article compares the results of Austria’s Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS) on savings deposits and estimates on total financial assets with administrative records from the national accounts for the household sector. The microdata that are newly generated through the HFCS and the detailed (internally available) breakdown of savings deposits in the existing macrodata (financial accounts) lend themselves to a more in-depth analysis of the similarities and differences in these two sources. Comparing the data shows that the HFCSbased aggregate estimates are lower than the financial accounts data, which is in line with evidence from the literature. The article also shows, however, that the survey adequately captures the underlying patterns at the microlevel in terms of the overall financial portfolio allocation and the distribution of savings deposits over detailed breakdowns. Moreover, a simulation based on the HFCS data demonstrates the effect that the inclusion of savings deposits in the most affluent tail of the distribution has on common statistics. Undercoverage above all of the upper deposit ranges suggests an underestimation or bias in the statistics. This underestimation, however, can be shown to be relatively minor, particularly in the case of robust statistical measures, such as the median or percentile ratios.
Classifying Open-Ended Reports: Factors Affecting the Reliability of Occupation Codes
Authors: Conrad Frederick G. , Couper Mick P. , Sakshaug Joseph W. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
A source of survey processing error that has received insufficient study to date is the misclassification of open-ended responses. We report on efforts to understand the misclassification of open occupation descriptions in the Current Population Survey (CPS). We analyzed double-coded CPS descriptions to identify which features vary with intercoder reliability. One factor strongly related to reliability was the length of the occupation description: longer descriptions were less reliably coded than shorter ones. This effect was stronger for particular occupation terms. We then carried out an experiment to examine the joint effects of description length and classification “difficulty” of particular occupation terms. For easy occupation terms longer descriptions were less reliably coded, but for difficult occupation terms longer descriptions were slightly more reliably coded than short descriptions. Finally, we observed as coders provided verbal reports on their decision making. One practice, evident in coders’ verbal reports, is their use of informal coding rules based on superficial features of the description. Such rules are likely to promote reliability, though not necessarily validity, of coding. To the extent that coders use informal rules for long descriptions involving difficult terms, this could help explain the observed relationship between description length and difficulty of coding particular terms.
Census Model Transition: Contributions to its Implementation in Portugal
Authors: Dias Carlos A. , Wallgren Anders , Wallgren Britt , Coelho Pedro S. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Given the high cost and complexity of traditional censuses, some countries have started to change the census process. Following this trend, Portugal is also evaluating a new census model as an alternative to an exhaustive collection of all statistical units. The main motivations for the implementation of this census model transition in Portugal are related to the decrease in statistical burden on citizens, improvements in the frequency of outputs, and the reduction of collection costs associated with census operations. This article seeks to systematise and critically review all alternatives to the traditional census methodologies, presenting their advantages and disadvantages and the countries that use them. As a result of the comparison, we conclude that the methods that best meet these objectives are those that use administrative data, either in whole or in part. We also present and discuss the results of an inventory and evaluation of administrative registers in Portugal with the potential to produce statistical census information.
A Discussion of Weighting Procedures for Unit Nonresponse
Authors: Haziza David , Lesage Éric 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Weighting procedures are commonly applied in surveys to compensate for nonsampling errors such as nonresponse errors and coverage errors. Two types of weight-adjustment procedures are commonly used in the context of unit nonresponse: (i) nonresponse propensity weighting followed by calibration, also known as the two-step approach and (ii) nonresponse calibration weighting, also known as the one-step approach. In this article, we discuss both approaches and warn against the potential pitfalls of the one-step procedure. Results from a simulation study, evaluating the properties of several point estimators, are presented.
Synthetic Multiple-Imputation Procedure for Multistage Complex Samples
Authors: Zhou Hanzhi , Elliott Michael R. , Raghunathan Trivellore E. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Multiple imputation (MI) is commonly used when item-level missing data are present. However, MI requires that survey design information be built into the imputation models. For multistage stratified clustered designs, this requires dummy variables to represent strata as well as primary sampling units (PSUs) nested within each stratum in the imputation model. Such a modeling strategy is not only operationally burdensome but also inferentially inefficient when there are many strata in the sample design. Complexity only increases when sampling weights need to be modeled. This article develops a generalpurpose analytic strategy for population inference from complex sample designs with item-level missingness. In a simulation study, the proposed procedures demonstrate efficient estimation and good coverage properties. We also consider an application to accommodate missing body mass index (BMI) data in the analysis of BMI percentiles using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III data. We argue that the proposed methods offer an easy-to-implement solution to problems that are not well-handled by current MI techniques. Note that, while the proposed method borrows from the MI framework to develop its inferential methods, it is not designed as an alternative strategy to release multiply imputed datasets for complex sample design data, but rather as an analytic strategy in and of itself.
Social Integration and Sleep Disturbance: A Gene-Environment Interaction Study
Authors: Sbarra David A. 
Published: March 2016

Objective: Low levels of perceived social integration, or loneliness, are associated with increased risk for a range of poor health outcomes. Sleep disturbance plays a central role in the evolutionary theory of loneliness, which provides a mechanistic account of how low levels of social integration may negatively impact health. No studies, however, have examined whether the association between social integration and sleep disturbance is consistent with a causal effect after accounting for genes that are common to both variables.Method: Using twin data (N = 905 twin pairs) from the nationally-representative Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) survey, I evaluated a series of bivariate twin models exploring whether the phenotypic association between low social integration and sleep disturbance can be explained by shared genetics. In addition, the current study specified a series of quantitative models for studying gene x environment (G X E) interactions to determine whether the genetic and environmental influences on sleep disturbance differ as a function of social integration.Results: The phenotypic association between social integration and sleep disturbance was fully accounted for by genes that are common between the two variables, suggesting that within-twin pair differences in social integration do not exert a causal influence on sleep disturbance. Social integration, however, moderated the non-shared environmental influence on sleep disturbances, with the greatest environmental influences observed at the lowest levels of social integration.Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that an essential feature of the evolutionary model of loneliness may need refinement or elaboration. The moderation findings are discussed in terms of the fit with a stress-buffering model of social support in which environmental influences on sleep disturbance are strongest when social resources are low.
ДЕЯКІ МІКРОМОРФОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ATOCION LITHUANICUM (ZAPAŁ.) TZVEL. ТА A. ARMERIA (L.) RAF. ФЛОРИ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Martynyuk V. O. , Karpenko N. I. , Tsarenko O. M. 
Published: March 2016

<p><em>Atocion lithuanicum</em> (Zapał.) Tzvel. (basionym <em>Silene</em><em> </em><em>lithuanica</em> Zapał.) is an endemic species of the Polesie, related and morphologically similar to <em>A. armeria </em>(L.) Raf.<em>, </em>which naturally occurs in Central and Southern Europe, but is widely cultivated. In Ukraine <em>A. lithuanicum</em> is considered as separate species and included in different issues of nature conservation, but in Europe it is listed as synonym or variety of <em>A. armeria</em>. Thus, the purpose of our investigation was to examine micromorphological features of these taxa to distinguish them. Pollen grains, seeds and leaf surfaces of both <em>Atocion</em><em> </em><em>lithuanicum</em> and <em>A. armeria</em> (L.) Raf. were investigated by scanning electron microscopy.</p> <p>Palynological distinctions between these taxa are associated with the ultrastructure of pollen grains, such as margin of a pollen (smooth or undulate), diameter of pores (3,04-5,22 (3,96±0,57) or 2,62-4,15 (3,47±0,32) µm), microechinate number on the pore (11-20 (25) or 7-14), exine ornamentation (acute, broadly conical spinule or obtuse spinule) and perforation diameter (0,1 or 0,2-0,3 µm).</p> <p>Seed characteristics such as dimensions (350-570 х 450-630 (468,78±49,2 х 544,84±51,39) in <em>A. lithuanicum</em> or 480-670 х 600-800 (595,67±48,04 х 706,67± 50,26) µm in <em>A. armeria</em>), shape (reniform-circular or reniform-triangular and reniform-circular), dimensions of exotesta cells in distal row (69-160 х 13-28,6 (116,52±21,9 х 20,72±3,99) or 95,6-202,7 х 7,8-40,5 (143,31±27,3 х 28,76±5,05) µm), the number of anticlinal wall teeth (15-24 or 19-29), papilla presence on periclinal wall of lateral and dorsal surfaces (common absent or scarce weakly expressed in <em>A. lithuanicum</em> or usually strongly expressed in <em>A. armeria</em>) also differ these taxa.</p> <p>Epicuticular wax projections are of different size and shape even on the same lamina, so no significant differences in the leaf surface microcharacteristics were observed.</p> <p>Thereby, new micromorphological distinctions associated with the ultrastructure of pollen grains and the seeds were demonstrated, which allows to distinguish these taxa.</p> <p><em>Key words: </em><em>Atocion</em><em> </em><em>lithuanicum</em><em>, </em><em>A. armeria, </em><em>S</em><em>ЕМ, </em><em>pollen, seed, lamina</em></p>
Einsatz von Paramunitätsinducern in der Kleintiermedizin
Authors: Proksch A. L. , Hartmann K. 
Published: March 2016

ZusammenfassungParamunitätsinducer auf der Grundlage von Pockenviren werden seit Jahrzehnten in der Kleintiermedizin verwendet. Sie basieren auf attenuierten und inaktivierten Pockenviren wie Avipoxvirus und Parapoxvirus und werden sowohl prophylaktisch als auch therapeutisch bei verschiedenen Krankheiten eingesetzt. Neben vielfältigen Erfahrungsberichten gibt es nur sehr wenige plazebokontrollierte Studien über ihre Wirksamkeit bei Hund und Katze. Während Paramunitätsinducer eine positive Wirkung auf die Aufzuchtrate von Katzenwelpen und die Heilung von Stomatitiden der Katze zu haben scheinen, konnte bei der Behandlung von kaniner Parvovirose, der Infektion mit dem felinen Leukämievirus oder kaniner Papillomatose kein statistisch signifikanter Effekt nachgewiesen werden. Für diese Einsatzgebiete besitzen Paramunitätsinducer daher offenbar keine klinische Relevanz.
Minimal-invasive interventionelle Verfahren am Urogenitaltrakt von Hund und Katze
Authors: Heilmann R. M. 
Published: March 2016

ZusammenfassungMinimal-invasive interventionelle Verfahren finden in der Kleintiermedizin zunehmend Anwendung. Sie bedienen sich moderner diagnostischer Methoden wie der Fluoroskopie, Sonographie, Endoskopie und Laparoskopie. Insbesondere für die Kleintierurologie sind minimal-invasive Eingriffe attraktiv, da die Therapieoptionen für Erkrankungen des Urogenitaltrakts in der Vergangenheit eher begrenzt bzw. mit relativ hohen Komplikationsraten verbunden waren. Die meisten endourologischen Eingriffe unterliegen einer steilen Lernkurve. Ein entsprechendes Equipment und praktische Ausbildung erlauben ihre Anwendung in der tierärztlichen Praxis. Viele dieser Eingriffe bedürfen allerdings der Überweisung an eine Spezialklinik. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die notwendige technische Ausstattung und die wichtigsten Materialien für die Endourologie sowie über die verschiedenen endourologischen Eingriffe bei Erkrankungen von Niere, Nierenbecken, Harnleiter, Harnblase und Harnröhre bei Hund und Katze.
Student Experience: A New Approach to Evaluate the Quality of Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degrees through Survey Research
Authors: Balyasin Mikhail , Carvalho Luís , Mihut Georgiana 
Published: March 2016

Student perspectives and quality assurance have been prominent policy topics in the European policy landscape. Student surveys conducted by tertiary education institutions, national agencies or independent student organizations have systematically provided feedback to stakeholders about numerous aspects that need improvement. Adding to the existing literature, the Course Quality Advisory Board (CQAB) of the Erasmus Mundus Student and Alumni Association (EMA) has launched the Course Quality Student Services (CQSS) survey in the fall of 2013. Unlike existing data collection mechanisms, the CQSS survey focuses on capturing the comparative experience that students undergoing an Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree (EMJMD) are excellently positioned to provide. This paper reports on the methodology and aggregated descriptive results of the second wave of the CQSS survey, with data collected between the 1st of June and the 20th of July 2015. CQSS amassed 2131 responses from students of 193 programs and 128 countries. Seventy-one programs managed to obtain 10 or more respondents. Information produced with the CQSS survey can be used to improve students’ experiences and enhance quality of programmes in Erasmus Mundus umbrella. Lessons learned can be also used to enhance provision of educational services in other internationally focused programs.
Plagiarism and Cheating in Russian Universities: The Role of the Learning Environment and Personal Characteristics of Students
Authors: Shmeleva Evgeniia 
Published: March 2016

The study aims to find out how plagiarism and cheating as dishonest practices correlate with personal characteristics of students (e. g. their involvement in learning and research activities) and specific features of the learning environment. The survey of university students and professors conducted as part of the 2014 Monitoring of Education Markets and Organizations provided the empirical basis for research. The impact of factors was assessed using two binary logistic regressions with response variables describing presence/absence of cheating and plagiarism experience. We show that these types of academic misconduct are not affected by whether or not the university applies formal or informal plagiarism checking techniques. Professor intolerance to cheating and willingness to take strict punitive measures appears to play a more important role in preventing academic dishonesty. Probability of using dishonest practices is also decreased by such factors as intensive preparation for classes, confidence in working in one’s field of study in the future, orientation towards the quality of education instead of its accessibility when choosing university and major.
Obtenção de bloco de concreto celular como tema gerador para ensino médio
Authors: Secco Marina Paula , De Almeida Silva Rodrigo , Tiecher Caroline , Pereira Ribeiro Bárbara , Paludo dos Santos Thomas José , Meira Cristiane , Da Silva Marcelo 
Published: March 2016

O Bloco de Concreto Celular (BCC) vem sendo muito utilizado na construção civil como bloco de vedação por apresentar ótimo isolamento termoacústico, além de serem considerados ambientalmente menos impactantes. Esse tipo de concreto leve pode ser obtido pela formação das bolhas dentro de sua pasta, esta formação se dá por uma reação química ou por adição de espuma através de um agente espumígeno. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar os Blocos de Concreto Celulares Espumígenos (BCCE) obtidos pela introdução de bolhas de ar em sua massa devido a um agente espumante. O principal objetivo da pesquisa realizada é aprimorar os conhecimentos adquiridos pelos alunos do Ensino Médio, integrantes do projeto, através do estudo do BCCE produzido em uma empresa local visando, além da obtenção de blocos mais resistentes, o desenvolvimento do espírito científico nos alunos. A pesquisa foi constituída de análises de resultados experimentais obtidos em laboratório, bem como de ensaios industriais. Os mesmos demonstraram que a relação de água/cimento com valor de 0,8 mostrou-se mais adequada atingindo resistências a compressão na ordem de 2,14 MPa. Para além do observado experimentalmente ressalta-se que o escopo do projeto baseava-se na atividade de pesquisa aplicada no Ensino Médio com objetivo de fomentar a pesquisa no Ensino Médio Politécnico.