bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Nonparametric Ensemble Postprocessing Approach for Short-Range Visibility Predictions in Data-Sparse Areas
Authors: Ryerson William R. , Hacker Joshua P. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This work develops and tests the viability of obtaining skillful short-range (&lt;20 h) visibility predictions using statistical postprocessing of a 4-km, 10-member Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) ensemble configured to closely match the U.S. Air Force Mesoscale Ensemble Forecast System. The raw WRF predictions produce excessive forecasts of zero cloud water, which is simultaneously predicted by all ensemble members in 62% of observed fog cases, leading to zero ensemble dispersion and no skill in these cases. Adding dispersion to the clear cases by making upward adjustments to cloud water predictions from individual members not predicting fog on their own provides the best chance to increase the resolution and reliability of the ensemble. The technique leverages traits of a joint parameter space in the predictions and is generally most effective when the space is defined with a moisture parameter and a low-level stability parameter. Cross-validation shows that the method adds significant overnight skill to predictions in valley and coastal regions compared to the raw WRF forecasts, with modest skill increases after sunrise. Postprocessing does not improve the highly skillful raw WRF predictions at the mountain test sites. Since the framework addresses only systematic WRF deficiencies and identifies parameter pairs with a clear, non-site-specific physical mechanism of predictive power, it has geographical transferability with less need for recalibration or observational record compared to other statistical postprocessing approaches.
Treatment Preferences in Patients With Early Glottic Cancer
Authors: van Loon Yda , Hendriksma Martine , Langeveld Ton P.M. , de Jong Martin A. , Baatenburg de Jong Rob J. , Sjögren Elisabeth V. 
Published: January 2018

Objective: For early glottic carcinoma, the 2 main treatment modalities are radiotherapy (RT) and transoral CO2 laser microsurgery (TLM). The aim of this study was to investigate treatment preferences and considerations in patients with early glottic carcinoma (T1-T2) who were given a choice between TLM and RT. Subjects and Methods: Patients with early glottic cancer (suspected or confirmed extended T1 or limited T2) were counseled by an ENT-surgeon. A subset of 32 patients was also counseled by a radiotherapist. Treatment choice and considerations were recorded and analyzed. Results: Of 175 patients, 168 patients (96%) chose TLM, and 7 patients (4%) chose RT. The most common reason for choosing TLM was shorter treatment and more treatment options in case of recurrence. Subanalysis showed that additional counseling by the radiotherapist did not seem to affect our patients’ preferences for TLM in this group. Conclusions: The majority of patients in our study prefer TLM to RT when given a choice. Reasons given indicate that optimizing future treatment options and practical considerations seemed more important to our patients than primary functional outcome. Further research is needed to study patient-related and physician-related factors to gain more insight into this complicated process of shared decision making.
Aripiprazole
Authors: Cada Dennis J. , Levien Terri , Baker Danial E. 
Published: January 2018

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive five to six well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late Phase III trials. The monographs are targeted to your Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee. Subscribers also receive monthly one-page summary monographs on the agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation (DUE) is also provided each month. The monographs are published in printed form and on diskettes that allow customization. Subscribers to the The Formulary Monograph Service also receive access to a pharmacy bulletin board, The Formulary Information Exchange (The F.I.X.). All topics pertinent to clinical and hospital pharmacy are discussed on The F.I.X. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. If you would like information about The Formulary Monograph Service or The F.I.X., call The Formulary at 800–322–4349. The March 2003 monograph topics are adalimumab, eletriptan, cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion, montelukast for allergic rhinitis, and icodextrin peritoneal dialysis solution. The DUE is on adalimumab.
Look-Alike Names and Packages Are at the Root of Most Stocking Errors in Automated Dispensing Cabinets Use Caution when Reconstituting Synagis (Palivizumab) Intrathecal Vincristine Fatal Once More Fellowship in Medication Safety Medication Safety Videos Available Free via the Internet
Authors: Cohen Michael R. 
Published: January 2018

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them in your inservice training programs. Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the USP Medication Errors Reporting Program, which is presented in cooperation with the Institute for Safe Medication Practices. If you have encountered medication errors and would like to report them, you may call USP toll-free, 24 hours a day, at 800–233–7767 (800–23-ERROR). Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers' names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below.
Sometimes Things Get Lost in Translation New Color Code for 25 Gauge Safety Needles may Lead to Confusion and Errors New Tools that Address Pharmacy Issues Related to Patient Safety Intra-arterial Lines Can Unwittingly Furnish a Route for Medications Intended for IV Administration
Authors: Cohen Michael R. 
Published: January 2018

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them in your inservice training programs. Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the USP Medication Errors Reporting Program, which is presented in cooperation with the Institute for Safe Medication Practices. If you have encountered medication errors and would like to report them, you may call USP toll-free, 24 hours a day, at 800–233–7767 (800–23-ERROR). Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers' names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below.
Phytonadione Education Program in a Community Hospital
Authors: Murphey Lisa M. , Byrd Debbie C. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Pharmacists and physicians were educated regarding updated guidelines on phytonadione indications, dosing, and routes of administration. Study objectives were to evaluate the use of phytonadione in a community hospital, educate pharmacists and physicians about phytonadione use, and assess the value of education in terms of patient outcomes. Methods Baseline and follow-up data on phytonadione indications, dosages, and routes of administration were collected. Pretests and post-tests were administered before and after an education session. A Pharmacy and Therapeutics newsletter article highlighting the appropriate use of phytonadione was published. Results The baseline and follow-up medication use evaluations (MUEs) revealed that 53% and 62% of patients had an appropriate indication for phytonadione, respectively (P = 0.181). Among patients with an appropriate indication, 44% were administered an appropriate dose in the baseline group and 46% in the follow-up (P = 0.876). The baseline MUE revealed that 20% of phytonadione routes of administration were appropriate; 18% were considered appropriate in the follow-up (P = 0.842). Pharmacists' knowledge showed improvement after education efforts, with the mean score improving from 57% to 93.4% from pretest to post-test (P < 0.05) and the median score changing from 50% to 100%. Conclusion Improving pharmacists' knowledge is beneficial and necessary; however, it was not enough to change practice in this study. Additional steps must be taken to encourage routine application of the knowledge.
Enteral Feeding Solution Given Intravenously Zetia Confused with Zestril Proper Use of Lantus Insulin how Two Wrongs Made a Right
Authors: Cohen Michael R. 
Published: January 2018

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them in your inservice training programs. Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the USP Medication Errors Reporting Program, which is presented in cooperation with the Institute for Safe Medication Practices. If you have encountered medication errors and would like to report them, you may call USP toll-free, 24 hours a day, at 800–233–7767 (800–23-ERROR). Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers' names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below.
COX-2 Inhibitors: Effects on Blood Pressure in a Veterans Affairs Medical Center
Authors: Schellhase Ellen , Suryaatmaja Elizabeth , Evans Tamara S. 
Published: January 2018

Background Traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been associated with elevated blood pressure. The effect of COX-2 inhibitors on blood pressure, however, has not been well established. Objectives This study aimed to determine the effects of COX-2 inhibitors on blood pressure and whether these effects represented a class effect or specific drug differences. Methods Patients were randomly selected from a computer-generated list of all patients actively taking a COX-2 inhibitor as of July 2001; electronic and paper medical records for these patients were retrospectively reviewed. Data collection included patient demographics, medication history, and blood pressure measurements. Results A total of 75 patients receiving rofecoxib and 25 patients receiving celecoxib were evaluated. After initiation of rofecoxib therapy, average systolic blood pressure increased from 131.4 ± 13.1 mmHg to 135.7 ± 17.4 mmHg (P = 0.012). Patients started on celecoxib demonstrated an average systolic blood pressure decrease, from 136.3 ± 23 mmHg to 129.6 ± 21.9 mmHg (P = 0.042). No statistically significant changes in diastolic blood pressure were observed. No change in systolic blood pressure was observed in 16 celecoxib-treated patients (64%) and 29 rofecoxib-treated patients (38.7%). A total of 8 patients (8%) (1 celecoxibtreated and 7 rofecoxib-treated) experienced increases in systolic blood pressure greater than 20 mmHg during therapy. Conclusion Blood pressure changes may be unique for each COX-2 inhibitor agent and not the result of a class effect. Blood pressure should be monitored in all patients receiving COX-2 inhibitors. Additional prospective studies that assess the effect of COX-2 inhibitors on cardiovascular outcomes should be conducted.
Ephedrine–Epinephrine Mix-Ups Nurse Computer Order Entry Leads to Error Precisely Wrong
Authors: Cohen Michael R. 
Published: January 2018

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them in your inservice training programs. Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the USP Medication Errors Reporting Program, which is presented in cooperation with the Institute for Safe Medication Practices. If you have encountered medication errors and would like to report them, you may call USP toll-free, 24 hours a day, at 800–233–7767 (800–23-ERROR). Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers‘ names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below.
Data Mining for the Health System Pharmacist
Authors: Felkey Bill G. , Liang Huigang , Krueger Kem P. 
Published: January 2018

Data mining is an application of computer technology that allows pharmacists to analyze the large amounts of clinical and administrative data related to patient care that health care organizations accumulate. Data mining is the process of taking the raw material (data) from the data warehouse and converting it to information that can be used by decision makers. Online analytical processing (OLAP) is the tool that accomplishes the data mining process. This article introduces the concept of data mining and related technologies, including the data warehouse, data mart, and OLAP — concepts that are closely related to one another. The benefits of applying data mining to pharmacy practice, with a focus on the point of care, are discussed. Successful data mining often requires an enterprise-wide information system as a prerequisite. Data can then be collected electronically at all points in the health care supply chain. A strategic view of the information flow in an acute care setting is provided. To further illustrate the application of data mining, several examples of OLAP integration are given. In addition, some unique data sources and a pharmacy specific reporting technology are described.
Omalizumab
Authors: Cada Dennis J. , Levien Terri , Baker Danial E. 
Published: January 2018

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive five to six well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late Phase III trials. The monographs are targeted to your Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee. Subscribers also receive monthly one-page summary monographs on the agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation (DUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are sent to you in print and CD ROM forms and are available online. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of your facility. Subscribers to the The Formulary Monograph Service also receive access to a pharmacy bulletin board, The Formulary Information Exchange (The F.I.X.). All topics pertinent to clinical and hospital pharmacy are discussed on The F.I.X. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. If you would like information about The Formulary Monograph Service or The F.I.X., call The Formulary at 800-322-4349. The November 2003 monograph topics are daptomycin, cetuximab, anidulafungin, methyl aminolevulinate, and cilomilast. The DUE is on daptomycin.
Stop the Insulin Hazardous Abbreviation for “Intranasal” Cancer Patients Deserve the Safest Practices Regardless of Where They are Treated
Authors: Cohen Michael R. 
Published: January 2018

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them in your inservice training programs. Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the USP Medication Errors Reporting Program, which is presented in cooperation with the Institute for Safe Medication Practices. If you have encountered medication errors and would like to report them, you may call USP toll-free, 24 hours a day, at 800–233–7767 (800-23-ERROR). Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers' names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below.
Emtricitabine
Authors: Cada Dennis J. , Levien Terri , Baker Danial E. 
Published: January 2018

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive five to six well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late Phase III trials. The monographs are targeted to your Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee. Subscribers also receive monthly one-page summary monographs on the agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation (DUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are sent to you in print and CD ROM forms and are available online. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of your facility. Subscribers to the The Formulary Monograph Service also receive access to a pharmacy bulletin board, The Formulary Information Exchange (The F.I.X.). All topics pertinent to clinical and hospital pharmacy are discussed on The F.I.X. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. If you would like information about The Formulary Monograph Service or The F.I.X., call The Formulary at 800–322–4349. The November 2003 monograph topics are daptomycin, cetuximab, anidulafungin, methyl aminolevulinate, and cilomilast. The DUE is on daptomycin.
Topiramate: Binge Eating Disorder
Authors: Generali Joyce , Cada Dennis J. 
Published: January 2018

Off-Label Drug Uses This Hospital Pharmacy feature is extracted from Off-Label DrugFacts, a quarterly publication available from Facts and Comparisons. Off-Label DrugFacts is a practitioner-oriented resource for information about specific FDA-unapproved drug uses. This new guide to the literature will enable the health care professional/clinician to quickly identify published studies on off-label uses and to determine if a specific use is rational in a patient care scenario. The most relevant data are provided in tabular form so that the reader can easily identify the scope of information available. A summary of the data—including background, study design, patient population, dosage information, therapy duration, results, safety, and therapeutic considerations—precedes each table of published studies. References direct the reader to the full literature for more comprehensive information prior to patient care decisions. Direct questions or comments on “Off-Label Drug Uses” to hospitalpharmacy@drugfacts.com .
Gabapentin: Nausea, Chemotherapy-Induced
Authors: Generali Joyce , Cada Dennis J. 
Published: January 2018

Off-Label Drug Uses This Hospital Pharmacy feature is extracted from Off-Label DrugFacts, a quarterly publication available from Facts and Comparisons. Off-Label DrugFacts is a practitioner-oriented resource for information about specific FDA-unapproved drug uses. This new guide to the literature will enable the health care professional/clinician to quickly identify published studies on off-label uses and to determine if a specific use is rational in a patient care scenario. The most relevant data are provided in tabular form so that the reader can easily identify the scope of information available. A summary of the data—including background, study design, patient population, dosage information, therapy duration, results, safety, and therapeutic considerations—precedes each table of published studies. References direct the reader to the full literature for more comprehensive information prior to patient care decisions. Direct questions or comments on “Off-Label Drug Uses” to hospitalpharmacy@drugfacts.com .
Paroxetine: Hot Flashes
Authors: Generali Joyce , Cada Dennis J. 
Published: January 2018

Off-Label Drug Uses This Hospital Pharmacy feature is extracted from Off-Label DrugFacts, a quarterly publication available from Facts and Comparisons. Off-Label DrugFacts is a practitioner-oriented resource for information about specific FDA-unapproved drug uses. This new guide to the literature will enable the health care professional/clinician to quickly identify published studies on off-label uses and to determine if a specific use is rational in a patient care scenario. The most relevant data are provided in tabular form so that the reader can easily identify the scope of information available. A summary of the data—including background, study design, patient population, dosage information, therapy duration, results, safety, and therapeutic considerations—precedes each table of published studies. References direct the reader to the full literature for more comprehensive information prior to patient care decisions. Direct questions or comments on “Off-Label Drug Uses” to hospitalpharmacy@drugfacts.com .
Experience with Vancomycin in Patients Receiving Slow Low-Efficiency Dialysis
Authors: Ahern John W. , Lai Cecilia , Rebuck Jill A. , Possidente Carl J. , Weidner Mark 
Published: January 2018

Background Slow low-efficiency dialysis (SLED) is an emerging dialytic strategy for managing acute renal failure. There is no published data describing how SLED effects the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin. Methods A prospective pharmacokinetic evaluation of vancomycin was performed in critically ill medical and surgical patients with acute renal failure who required IV vancomycin and concurrent SLED therapy. Patients received vancomycin 15 mg/kg by actual body weight. Serum drug concentrations were evaluated at 6, 12, and 24 hours postinfusion. Patient-specific vancomycin pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from serum concentrations to calculate a maintenance dosage regimen. Results Mean ± SD half-life, volume of distribution, and systemic clearance, were 43.1 hours ± 21.6 hours, 0.84 L/kg ± 0.17 L/kg, and 24.3 mL/min ± 8.39 mL/min, respectively. Vancomycin dosing intervals ranged from 24 to 72 hours. Conclusion The elimination half-life of vancomycin was variable and prolonged in patients receiving SLED therapy. An initial vancomycin dose of 15 mg/kg is recommended for patients receiving SLED. Given the variability of the vancomycin half-life during SLED, a vancomycin serum concentration should be obtained 24 hours following the initial dose.