bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid weakening of Typhoon Chan‐Hom (2015) in a monsoon gyre
Authors: Liang Jia , Wu Liguang , Gu Guojun , Liu Qingyuan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA monsoon gyre is a low‐frequency cyclonic circulation over the western North Pacific, which plays important roles in tropical cyclone formation and motion. This study shows that the interaction between a monsoon gyre and a tropical cyclone can lead to a sudden weakening of the tropical cyclone through an observational analysis of Typhoon Chan‐Hom (2015). Typhoon Chan‐Hom (2015) initially moved westward along ~10°N and sharply turned northeastward in the Philippine Sea at 0000 UTC 3 July. Its intensity decreased by 10.3 m s−1 within 12 h during the sudden northward turn. Such a rapid weakening event was failed to predict in all of the operational forecasts. It is found that Chan‐Hom was coalescing with a large‐scale monsoon gyre on the intraseasonal (15–30 day) timescale, while it experienced the sudden track change and rapid intensity weakening. The weak and loosely organized convection on the eastern side of the monsoon gyre at 1200 UTC 2 July rapidly enhanced into the well‐organized convection within 6 h. The strong convection maintaining from 1800 UTC 2 July to 0600 UTC 3 July enhanced inflows outside the radius of 500 km from the tropical cyclone center, which prevented the inward transportation of mass and moisture into Chan‐Hom, leading to the collapsing of the eastern part of the eyewall. As a result, Chan‐Hom underwent the rapid weakening even under a large‐scale environment favorable for intensification. The study suggests that the rapid weakening of a tropical cyclone can result from its interaction with a monsoon gyre.
Associations between body composition, nutrition, and physical activity in young adults
Authors: Correa‐Rodríguez María , Rueda‐Medina Blanca , González‐Jiménez Emilio , Schmidt‐RioValle Jacqueline 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study is to investigate the associations between total energy, macronutrient intakes, and physical activity (PA) and body composition by assessing body fat mass, fat‐free mass, and BMI in a population of young adults.MethodsThe study population consisted of 605 young Spanish adults (median age 20.38 ± 2.67). Body composition, including fat mass and fat‐free mass, was calculated with body composition analyzer. Daily energy and macronutrient intakes were measured using a 72‐h recall method. The International PA Questionnaire was used to assess PA and sedentary time. Linear regression analyses were performed to test the possible associations between nutrition, PA factors, and body composition.ResultsLinear regression analyses revealed that BMI has a significant positive association with protein intake (P = .004, B = 0.088, 95% CI 0.028–0.149) and an inverse association with carbohydrate intake (P = 0.034, B = −0.027, 95% CI −0.053 – −0.002). Protein intake also demonstrated a significant association with fat‐free mass, but the size of the effect was smaller (P = .027, B = 96.965, 95% CI 11.250–182.679). There was evidence of a positive association between total PA and moderate‐to‐vigorous PA (P < .001, B = 15.630, 95% CI 6.989 −24.270) and fat‐free mass (P < .001, B = 20.208, 95% CI 9.694 −30.723). When fat mass was used as the outcome variable, there was no evidence of any association with the PA, total energy, and macronutrient intakes variables analyzed.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that PA variables were consistently associated with body composition, specifically fat‐free mass. Dietary factors also have influence over body composition; we showed that protein intake is significantly associated with fat‐free mass and BMI.
Connection of the Posterior Occipital Muscle and Dura Mater of the Siamese Crocodile
Authors: Zhang Jing‐Hui , Tang Wei , Zhang Zhao‐Xi , Luan Bing‐Yi , Yu Sheng‐Bo , Sui Hong‐Jin 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThe myodural bridge was proposed initially in 1995. The myodural bridge is a connective tissue bridge that connects a pair of deep muscles at the suboccipital region to the dura mater. There have been numerous studies concerning the morphology and function of the myodural bridge. To determine whether a myodural bridge exists in reptiles, six Siamese crocodiles were investigated using gross anatomy dissection and P45 sheet plastination technologies. As a result, we demonstrated that the posterior occipital muscles of the Siamese crocodile are directly or indirectly connected to the proatlas, atlas, and intermembrane between them. Multiple trabeculae existing in the posterior epidural space extended from the ventral surface of the proatlas, atlas, and intermembrane between them to the dorsal surface of the spinal dura mater. This study showed that the posterior occipital muscle in the suboccipital region of the Siamese crocodile is connected to the spinal dura mater through the proatlas, atlas, and the trabeculae. In conclusion, a myodural bridge‐like structure exists in reptiles. This connection may act as a pump to provide cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation at the occipitocervical junction. We hypothesize that a physiologic role of the Siamese crocodile's myodural bridge may be analogous to the human myodural bridge. Anat Rec, 299:1402–1408, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modellierung von Tunnelbränden
Authors: Knaust Christian 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHeute verfügbare Technik ermöglicht es, die Wärmetransportmechanismen im Brand, an der Bauteiloberfläche und im Bauteil mittels CFD zu koppeln. Die Kopplung von Fluid und Struktur wurde am Beispiel eines 100‐MW‐Tunnelbrands mit CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) untersucht. Die instationären Berechnungen wurden mit dem CFD‐Programm ANSYS Fluent durchgeführt. Der infolge eines Lkw‐Unfalls verursachte n‐Heptan‐(C7H16)‐Brand wurde mit dem Eddy‐Dissipation‐Verbrennungsmodell modelliert.Das Fluid‐ und Solid‐Gebiet wurden durch ein ‚Interface’ gekoppelt. Die instationäre Wärmeleitung des Bauteils mit einer Höhe von 0,4 m wurde mit der dreidimensionalen Fourier'schen Wärmeleitungsgleichung modelliert und das instationäre thermische Verhalten des quarzhaltigen Betonbauteils analysiert. Temperaturabhängige Stoffkennwerte wurden berücksichtigt.
LC–MS/MS analysis of metformin, saxagliptin and 5‐hydroxy saxagliptin in human plasma and its pharmacokinetic study with a fixed‐dose formulation in healthy Indian subjects
Authors: Shah Priyanka A. , Shah Jaivik V. , Sanyal Mallika , Shrivastav Pranav S. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA specific and rapid liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method is proposed for the simultaneous determination of metformin (MET), saxagliptin (SAXA) and its active metabolite, 5‐hydroxy saxagliptin (5‐OH SAXA) in human plasma. Sample preparation was accomplished from 50 μL plasma sample by solid‐phase extraction using sodium dodecyl sulfate as an ion‐pair reagent. Reversed‐phase chromatographic resolution of analytes was possible within 3.5 min on ACE 5CN (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column using acetonitrile and10.0 mm ammonium formate buffer, pH 5.0 (80:20, v/v) as the mobile phase. Triple quadrupole mass spectrometric detection was performed using electrospray ionization in the positive ionization mode. The calibration curves showed good linearity (r2 ≥ 0.9992) over the established concentration range with limit of quantification of 1.50, 0.10 and 0.20 ng/mL for MET, SAXA and 5‐OH SAXA respectively. The extraction recoveries obtained from spiked plasma samples were highly consistent for MET (75.12–77.84%), SAXA (85.90–87.84%) and 5‐OH SAXA (80.32–82.69%) across quality controls. The validated method was successfully applied to a bioequivalence study with a fixed‐dose formulation consisting of 5 mg SAXA and 500 mg MET in 18 healthy subjects. The reproducibility of the assay was demonstrated by reanalysis of 87 incurred samples.
Does Iodine or Thiocyanate Play a Role in p‐Type Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells?
Authors: Wood Christopher J. , McGregor Calum A. , Gibson Elizabeth A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCharge recombination at the NiO/electrolyte interface is one of the performance‐limiting factors that prevent p‐type dye‐sensitized solar cells (p‐DSCs) from matching the efficiency of conventional TiO2 devices. This article describes the role of redox mediator species I−, I3−, and I2 in the charge‐transfer processes at the NiO/electrolyte interface. NiO appears to catalyze the oxidation of iodide but the addition of guanidinium thiocyanate inhibits recombination by forming a complex with I2. This increases the voltage but decreases the current so the efficiency is only slightly improved. These results suggest that new redox electrolytes will be needed if tandem DSCs are to exceed the efficiency of state‐of‐the‐art TiO2 devices.
Silver(I) Architectures Based on Rigid Terpyridyl‐Carboxyl Ligands: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Zhang Biquan , Chen Xi , Yu Fan , Su Min , Li Bao , Zhang Tianle 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTwo novel Ag(I) coordination polymers (CPs), namely, [Ag2(L1)Cl] (1) and [Ag9(L2)8]·NO3 (2), (L1=4‐(4‐carboxyl)‐2,2:4′,4‐terpyridine), L2=4‐(4‐carboxyl)‐2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine), have been synthesized through solvothermal reaction of silver(I) nitrate and highly‐connected terpyridinate‐carboxyl ligands and structurally characterized. Complex 1 exhibits the 3D network based on 1D AgCl chains with the point (Schl?fli) symbol {4·82}{4·83·102}{42·6·82·10}{42·6}, in which Ag···Ag distances fall in the region of 3.129(2) to 3.731(1) Å. In contrast, different topological structure was presented substituting the L1 by L2. Complex 2 exhibits the 2D layer with the point (Schläfli) symbol {4·62}2{42·62·82}{5·62}2{52·6}2{54·82}, in which Ag···Ag distances fall in the region of 2.867(1) to 3.116(1) Å. The different coordination modes of the terpyridiante‐carboxyl ligands must be responsible for the variable Ag(I) coordination architectures. Additionally, results about TGA, UV‐vis, photoluminescence spectra and electrochemistry were also discussed.
Cardiogenic Shock: Failure of Oxygen Delivery and Oxygen Utilization
Authors: Lim Hoong Sern 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTCardiogenic shock remains a highly lethal condition. Conventional therapy including revascularization and mechanical circulatory support aims to improve cardiac output and oxygen delivery, but increasing basic and clinical observations indicate wider circulatory and cellular abnormalities, particularly at the advanced stages of shock. Progressive cardiogenic shock is associated with microcirculatory and cellular abnormalities. Cardiogenic shock is initially characterized by a failure to maintain global oxygen delivery; however, progressive cardiogenic shock is associated with the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, derangement of the regulation of regional blood flow, microcirculatory abnormalities, and cellular dysoxia. These abnormalities are analogous to septic shock and may not be reversed by increase in oxygen delivery, even to supranormal levels. Earlier mechanical circulatory support in cardiogenic shock may limit the development of microcirculatory and cellular abnormalities.
Global Analysis of a Model for Capillary Water Waves in Two Dimensions
Authors: Ionescu Alexandru D. , Pusateri Fabio 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this paper we prove a global regularity result for a quadratic quasilinear model associated to the water waves system with surface tension and no gravity in dimension 2 (the capillary waves system). The model we consider here retains most of the difficulties of the full capillary water waves system, including the delicate time resonance structure and modified scattering. It is slightly simpler, however, at the technical level, and our goal here is to present our method in this simplified situation. The analysis of the full system is presented in a preprint by the authors (2014). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Application of the recursion‐transform method in calculating the equivalent resistance of two‐dimensional finite resistor network
Authors: Ji Ying‐Hua , Hu Ju‐Ju 
Published: August 2016

SummaryLooking for a handy and exact calculation for the equivalent resistance of an M × N resistor network is important but difficult, even for the rectangular resistor network. In this paper, we calculate the equivalent resistance of an M × N rectangular resistor network by means of the recursion‐transform method, where the idea of multiple external current sources based on the typical mesh current is used, and find a new formula of equivalent resistance which is different from the result of the other paper. In our scheme, recalculations are not required to obtain the equivalent resistance between different terminals. We further investigate how the order of resistor network and the ratio between two unit resistances affect the equivalent resistance. We find that the equivalent resistance between arbitrary terminals tends to a constant as the order and ratio increase when M is given. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transcriptional regulation of the proto‐oncogene Zfp521 by SPI1 (PU.1) and HOXC13
Authors: Yu Ming , Al‐Dallal Salma , Al‐Haj Latifa , Panjwani Shiraj , McCartney Akina S. , Edwards Sarah M. , Manjunath Pooja , Walker Catherine , Awgulewitsch Alexander , Hentges Kathryn E. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe mouse zinc‐finger gene Zfp521 (also known as ecotropic viral insertion site 3; Evi3; and ZNF521 in humans) has been identified as a B‐cell proto‐oncogene, causing leukemia in mice following retroviral insertions in its promoter region that drive Zfp521 over‐expression. Furthermore, ZNF521 is expressed in human hematopoietic cells, and translocations between ZNF521 and PAX5 are associated with pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, the regulatory factors that control Zfp521 expression directly have not been characterized. Here we demonstrate that the transcription factors SPI1 (PU.1) and HOXC13 synergistically regulate Zfp521 expression, and identify the regions of the Zfp521 promoter required for this transcriptional activity. We also show that SPI1 and HOXC13 activate Zfp521 in a dose‐dependent manner. Our data support a role for this regulatory mechanism in vivo, as transgenic mice over‐expressing Hoxc13 in the fetal liver show a strong correlation between Hoxc13 expression levels and Zfp521 expression. Overall these experiments provide insights into the regulation of Zfp521 expression in a nononcogenic context. The identification of transcription factors capable of activating Zfp521 provides a foundation for further investigation of the regulatory mechanisms involved in ZFP521‐driven cell differentiation processes and diseases linked to Zfp521 mis‐expression.
Boring crustaceans shape the land–sea interface in brackish Caribbean mangroves
Authors: Davidson Timothy M. , Ruiz Gregory M. , Torchin Mark E. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractConsumer effects on the structure and extent of habitat‐forming foundation species such as trees and coral reefs are well known, but the role of non‐consumer interactions is less studied. Red mangroves are major foundation species at the land–sea interface, creating critical habitat in the tropics and subtropics. The complex aerial roots of mangroves (Rhizophora mangle) provide structural support to the tree and support diverse marine biota including boring isopods (Sphaeroma terebrans). These isopods frequently bore into root tips of mangroves causing atrophy, which can alter the structure and extent of mangrove habitat. We conducted a large‐scale isopod exclusion experiment across 18° of latitude at eight locations from Panama to Florida to test how isopods affect mangrove root structure and anchorage across a broad geographic range. We hypothesized that excluding isopods would increase root growth rates, morphological complexity, and anchorage compared to roots exposed to isopods. After one year, mangrove roots protected from boring isopods with cages increased growth by 2.5–19 times and exhibited a more complex morphology compared to uncaged controls. Further, 15% of caged roots became anchored in the sediment compared to none of the uncaged isopod‐inhabited roots. This suggests that these isopods, which are native to the Indo‐Pacific, are a major, widespread structuring agent of mangrove root habitat in the Caribbean and Florida, potentially limiting mangrove encroachment into estuarine waters.
Global dynamics of a multistage SIR model with distributed delays and nonlinear incidence rate
Authors: Song Haitao , Liu Shengqiang , Jiang Weihua 
Published: August 2016

In this paper, a multistage susceptible‐infectious‐recovered model with distributed delays and nonlinear incidence rate is investigated, which extends the model considered by Guo et al. [H. Guo, M. Y. Li and Z. Shuai, Global dynamics of a general class of multistage models for infectious diseases, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 72 (2012), 261–279]. Under some appropriate and realistic conditions, the global dynamics is completely determined by the basic reproduction number R0. If R0≤1, then the infection‐free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable and the disease dies out in all stages. If R0>1, then a unique endemic equilibrium exists, and it is globally asymptotically stable, and hence the disease persists in all stages. The results are proved by utilizing the theory of non‐negative matrices, Lyapunov functionals, and the graph‐theoretical approach. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Current molecular methods for the detection of hepatitis B virus quasispecies
Authors: Rybicka Magda , Stalke Piotr , Bielawski Krzysztof Piotr 
Published: August 2016

SummaryChronic HBV infection affects more than 240 million people worldwide and is associated with a broad range of clinical manifestations including liver cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. Because of the lack of an efficient cure for chronic hepatitis B, the main goal of antiviral therapy is the prevention of liver disease progression coupled with prolonged survival of patients. Because HBV viral load has been shown to be a crucial determinant of the progression of liver damage, these goals can be achieved as long as HBV replication can be suppressed. Unfortunately, long‐term therapy with the low‐to‐moderate genetic barrier drugs, which are still recommended in a majority of developing countries, are strongly associated with HBV resistance development and treatment failure. In such cases, the precise and accurate determination of drug‐resistant variants in an individual patient before treatment is important for a proper choice of first‐line potent therapy. Nowadays, a number of techniques are available to study HBV quasispecies evolution. This review describes the advantages and limitations of various assays detecting drug‐resistant HBV variants. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Why Is Theory of Mind Important for Referential Communication?
Authors: Sidera Francesc , Perpiñà Georgina , Serrano Jèssica , Rostan Carles 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis research studies the relation between children’s Theory of Mind (ToM) and the communicative behaviour and strategies used in a referential communication task. A total of 46 children (aged 6 to 10) were administered 6 ToM tasks, and they also participated in pairs in a cooperative task. Each pair built 4 construction models. Results showed that several ToM skills were related to the communicative behaviours of requesting clarification and giving information. In addition, the most used communicative strategy was Joint review, in which participants reviewed together the location of their blocks. This strategy was the most related to ToM abilities and to cooperative success. The importance of ToM for developing the communicative behaviours and strategies necessary for cooperation is discussed.
Some Prehistoric Ways
Authors: Clay R. C. C. 
Published: August 2016

In Palæolithic times when each family was self-contained, before social laws and customs had bound such units together to form tribes and clans, the hunters, for such they all were, followed their quarry through the forests and along the valleys, keeping to no set trackways. They needed none, for trackways imply thoroughfares to and from fixed sites or habitations—and the Palaeolithic hunter was a nomad.When the amalgamation of families took place in early Neolithic or Epipalaeolithic times, no doubt the marsh-dwellers had recognized paths across the swamps to the mainland, and those who formed the shell-mounds of Ertebolle may have used beaten paths along the shore from estuary to estuary.
The Development and Antiquity of the Scottish Brochs
Authors: Curle Alexander O. 
Published: August 2016

The Scottish area is particularly rich in prehistoric remains, in some measure due to the fact that being a hilly and mountainous country large tracts of the surface have never been torn by the plough, nor suffered from the iconoclastic hand of the improver. Save for the effects of drainage, and some change in the character of vegetation arising from alteration of climate, much of the moorland country must have changed little in aspect since a remote past.Among the various prehistoric structures in Scotland none is more remarkable than the broch. It does not occur out of Scotland, and neither its development nor period of occupation are generally understood.
The Alexandrian Library
Authors: Bushnell George H. 
Published: August 2016

The main centre of literary activity was transferred from Athens to Alexandria about 250 B.c., and this city, which had been founded by Alexander in 332 B.C., under Ptolemy Philadelphus became a great book mart.As far as the history of libraries is concerned, the Alexandrian library was comparatively late. The East had known libraries thousands of years earlier. The Greeks themselves had founded their first state library about one hundred years earlier ; this was established by the Greek government at Heracleia, on the southern shore of the Black Sea, some time before 350 B.C., in the days when the great Alexander was a little boy.
Cornish Place-names
Authors: Gover J. E. 
Published: August 2016

The archaeological interest of place-names has been dealt with by Mr Crawford in his article ‘ Place-names and Archaeology ’ published by the English Place-name S0ciety.l In that article numerous words associated with prehistoric or ancient remains are grouped together and their meanings discussed in detail, but up to the present time very few attempts have been made to deal with words of a similar kind in Cornwall.In the course of several years’ study of the place-names of Cornwall I have amassed a considerable amount of evidence which may help to throw light on the dark period of Cornish history prior to the English conquest. As some years may elapse before the results of this survey are published, a brief discussion of some of the more interesting names in the county and in particular those names which have an archaeological or historical significance, may be of interest, and at the same time indicate in what direction future work of this kind should lie.