bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects Of pH, Temperature And Salinity In Growth And Organic Acid Production Of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated From Penaeid Shrimp Intestine
Authors: Subagiyo Subagiyo , Margino Sebastian , Triyanto Triyanto , Ari Setyati1,2 Wilis Ari 
Published: March 2017

Bakteri asam laktat telah lama dikembangkan sebagai probiotik. Penentuan kondisi lingkungan yang optimum untuk pertumbuhan sel serta asam organik memberikan gambaran aktivitas optimum untuk kinerja probiotik baik dalam sistem fisiologi inang maupun dalam sistem bioproses untuk produksi sel dan metabolit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor lingkungan (pH, suhu dan salinitas) terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi total asam organik tiga isolat bakteri asam laktat yang telah diseleksi dari intestinum udang penaeid. Eksperimen menggunakan medium deMan, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) cair. Perlakuan pH awal meliputi nilai pH 4, 5 dan 6. Perlakuan suhu meliputi suhu 25, 30 dan 35OC serta perlakuan salinitas meliputi salinitas 0,75 %, 1,5 % dan 3 %. Setiap interval 6 jam dilakukan pengambilan sampel kultur bakteri dan penghitungan pertumbuhan berdasarkan perubahan optical density (pada panjang gelombang 600 nm) sedangkan produksi asam laktat dianalisis dengan metode titrimetrik menggunakan NaOH 1 N sebagai larutan titrasinya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa suhu, pH awal dan salinitas berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi asam organik. Nilai kondisi lingkungan terbaik untuk pertumbuhan dapat berbeda dengan nilai terbaik untuk produksi asam organic. Hal ini ditunjukan oleh nilai laju pertumbuhan dan produksi asam laktat tertinggi dari tiga isolat uji terjadi pada suhu, pH awal dan salinitas yang berbeda. Isolat L12 tumbuh optimum pada suhu 30oC, pH awal 6 dan salinitas 0,75%. Isolat L14 tumbuh optimum pada suhu 30oC, pH awal 6 dan salinitas 1.5%. Isolat L 21 tumbuh optimum pada suhu 30 oC, pH awal 6 dan salinitas 1.5%. Kata kunci: bakteri asam laktat, suhu, pH, salinitas, asamorganik, pertumbuhan, Lactic acid bacteria are widely distributed in intestinal tracts of various animals where they live as normal flora.Strains of lactic acid bacteria are the most common microbes employed as probiotics, The optimum condition for growth are important to mass production and to determined parameters most suitable for growth. The effects of temperature, pH and salinity on the growth and production of lactic acid from the three shrimp intestinal lactic acid bacteria isolates were conducted using bacth culture in a flask. These variables for growth were determined based on the growth curves and lactic acid production. Data from the flask batch experiment demonstrated that the best initial pH and temperature for growth of isolat L12 ,L14 and L21 were found to be pH 6 and 30 OC. Salinity (NaCl concentration) 0,75% were the best for growth of isolat L12. Salnity 1,5 % were best for growth of isolat L14 and L21. Key words : growth, temperature, pH, salinity, lactic aid bacteria
Od rewizji do apostazji i między publicystycznością a literackością. O wierszach polskiej „odwilży”
Authors: Stankowska Agata 
Published: March 2017

The text is a book review of an Wiersze polskiej „odwilży” (1953-1957) (Kielce 2010). This is the first monograph of this subject, and it has a great documentary value. The author based his well-researched study on detailed archival queries in contemporary press, magazines, and leaflets. The author compared the found texts with their authors’ published poetry books, traced the relations between content, censorship interventions in reprints, and subsequent authorial modifications, which were often aimed at universalization of a poem initially written as an urgent public statement. The author meticulously reconstructed the communicational problems of thaw poems and collections.
Verbal plural in Zande
Authors: Pasch Helma 
Published: March 2017

AbstractVerbal plural is marked morphologically by a suffix of the verb or by reduplication of the verb stem. Only the latter way is productive. Plurality may refer to the participants, the actions, or the outcome of actions. Singular is a vague category. The so-called singular forms of many verbs may be used number neutrally to describe singular or plural actions or events, while the plural forms are used in order to disambiguate. With other verbs the two forms distinguish between a non-high and a high degree of plurality of action.
Ungekühlte Mikrobolometer-Arrays mit einer
Pixelgröße von 12 µm basierend auf einer neuartigen thermisch
isolierenden Struktur
Authors: Muckensturm Kai-Marcel , Weiler Dirk , Hochschulz Frank , Busch Claudia , Geruschke Thomas , Wall Simone , Heß Jennifer , Lerch Renee , Würfel Daniel , Vogt Holger 
Published: March 2017

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Paper wird ein
innovatives Konzept zur Herstellung von hochempfindlichen ungekühlten
Mikrobolometern, zur Detektion von langwelliger
Infrarotstrahlung (IR-Strahlung) in einem
Wellenlängenbereich von 8 μm–14 μm,
beschrieben. Der Ansatz basiert auf der Realisierung der
thermischen Isolierung und gleichzeitiger elektrischer Kontaktierung der
Mikrobolometer mit Hilfe von ausreichend langen und dünnbeschichteten
Hohlröhrchen (hier als Nanotubes bezeichnet), welche
mit Technologien und Prozessen aus der Mikrosystemtechnik hergestellt werden
können. Somit wird der relative Flächenanteil
des Absorbers bei einer gegebenen Pixelgröße
maximiert, da laterale Stege, welche
bislang Hauptbestandteil der thermischen Isolierung
waren, komplett entfallen. Der
resultierende thermische Leitwert kann über die einzelnen
Schichtdicken, Grundradius und Länge der Nanotubes
flexibel und unabhängig von der Pixelgröße eingestellt
werden. Die gefertigten
Nanotube-Mikrobolometer werden zunächst anhand von
Teststrukturen im Hinblick auf die elektro-optischen
und mechanischen Eigenschaften grundlegend
charakterisiert. Der Fokus liegt in dieser Arbeit auf
Pixelgrößen von 12 μm.
Why SEPs have been involved in Antitrust Cases – From A Chinese Scholar’s Perspective
Authors: Wang Xiaoye 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
If patents have been included in a technical standard and thus have become standard essential patents (SEPs), the SEP holders normally have to commit to the Standard Setting Organization (SSO) to license their SEPs on fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory (FRAND) terms. Although the FRAND commitments already put constraints on the patentees, more and more disputes over FRAND licensing fees involving SEPs are reaching antitrust enforcement agencies and courts, perhaps due to the fact that the FRAND commitments are often not workable. As demonstrated in the case Huawei v. IDC in Chinese courts, SEPs have special characteristics compared to non-SEPs, i.e. the licensing of SEPs relates more to the public interest, the holders of the SEPs may be thought to have dominant positions in the licensing market of their SEPs, the holder of the SEPs often have made commitments to license on the FRAND terms, and the holder of the SEPs should be allowed to use the injunctive relief only in limited circumstances. This article also proposes that Article 55 of the Chinese Antimonopoly Law (AML) should be reconsidered because it exempts the undertakings who exercise their IPRs in accordance with the laws and administrative regulations on IPRs from the application of the AML. However, as this article shows, the excessive royalty requested or the injunction sought by the holder of SEPs may not violate the patent law, but nonetheless may violate the antitrust law.
A comparative study of standard versus extralevator abdominoperineal resections
Authors: Nyandowe Masimba , Egedovo Alfred , Ho Yik-Hong 
Published: March 2017

Background: The aim was to compare short term outcomes between patients undergoing standard abdominoperineal resection (APR) with those that had an extralevator abdominoperineal excision (ELAPE).Methods: A retrospective study was done on 123 consecutive patients who underwent an abdominoperineal resection for low rectal cancer at the Townsville hospital between August 2003 and January 2015. Data was collected from medical records. Short term oncological outcomes were compared between the APR and ELAPE group.Results: The circumferential resection margin (CRM) involvement rate was significantly lower in the ELAPE group 13.2% versus 19.3% in the APR group. The local recurrence rates in the two groups were not significantly different: 16.8% in the ELAPE versus 17.4% in the APR group. Intraoperative perforations were lower in the ELAPE group 15.3% versus 23.2 % in the APR group. The post-operative wound infection rate was however higher in the ELAPE group 20.3% versus 12.4 % in the APR group.Conclusions: ELAPE was shown to be superior in the CRM and intraoperative perforation rate but the local recurrence rates were similar. ELAPE had a higher wound complication rate than APR.
Recurrent abdominal pain in children and adolescents: a hospital based study
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Arindam , Mondal Pijush Kanti 
Published: March 2017

Background: Recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) is very common in children of age group below 15 years. It affects about 10-20% of school going children. It is comprised of both organic and nonorganic causes and is therefore very challenging in diagnosing and treating the disorder. Hence this study was aimed to determine causes of RAP in the patients involved in the study.Methods: This was a hospital based study and includes 100 patients of age group of 2 to 15 years attending the pediatric and medicine OPD of College of medicine and Sagore Dutta Hospital, from May 2014 to April 2015. These children were subjected to thorough physical examination, systemic and clinical examinations, lab investigations and finally categorized the causes for RAP either as organic or nonorganic.Results: Out of 100 patients of RAP, male predominance (67%) was seen and forty-four (44%) of the patient population belonged to age group of 4 to 6 years. Organic RAP was found in 88% of patients and RAP due to non-organic causes was found in 12% of patients.Conclusions: Organic cause predominantly parasitic infections were found to be the common etiological factor for RAP in most of the children. Family history associated RAP was dominated in nonorganic etiology.
Comparative assessment of hearing in various tympanic membrane perforations in patients at Bhuj, Kutch, Gujarat, India: a cross sectional study
Authors: Darad Hardik , Sinha Mohit 
Published: March 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The objective of the present study was to correlate the size and site of perforation with hearing loss in chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The cross sectional study was conducted among a<strong> </strong>purposive sample of first 100 consecutive patients of unilateral<strong> </strong>inactive mucosal CSOM, who underwent myringoplasty at Department of otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Science, Bhuj, Kutch, Gujarat. One hundred consecutive patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in the study. In all the patients, a detailed history and a thorough ENT examination was followed by hearing assessment and measurement of the size of the perforation. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Infection was the most common etiology of tympanic membrane perforation in 92 (92%) cases and trauma in 08 (08%) with otorrhea as the most common presenting complaint. Half of the cases were in the age group of 20–30 years. Seventy-nine percentage cases had mild hearing loss whereas 19% had moderate hearing loss. Anterior quadrant perforations on an average had 31.4 dB hearing loss, whereas there was 43.9 dB average hearing loss in posterior quadrant perforations.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> It was observed that there is direct relationship between size and site of perforation and loss of hearing. There was less hearing loss in small sized perforations. Posterior quadrant perforations and malleolar perforations (MLs) had a greater hearing loss than anterior, multiple quadrant, or non‑MLs.</p>
Long‐Term Stability After Regenerative Treatment of Infrabony Defects: A Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Nickles Katrin , Dannewitz Bettina , Gallenbach Kerstin , Ramich Tatjana , Scharf Susanne , Röllke Lasse , Schacher Beate , Eickholz Peter 
Published: March 2017

Background: This study aims to evaluate long‐term stability of attachment achieved in infrabony defects (IBDs) by regenerative treatment.Methods: All patients who had received regenerative treatment for at least one IBD between 2004 and 2010 were screened for this retrospective case series. If complete examinations (plaque/gingival index, probing depth [PD], vertical clinical attachment level [CAL‐V]) were available for patients at baseline and 12 months after surgery, they were invited for reexamination 60 ± 12 months after surgery. Reexamination involved testing for interleukin (IL)‐1 polymorphism and counting number of supportive periodontal treatment (SPT) visits. Forty‐one patients (24 males and 17 females; age, median: 62.0 years, lower/upper quartile: 49.8/68.3 years; six smokers, and 9 IL‐1 positive) were included for analysis, each contributing one IBD.Results: Regenerative therapy resulted in significant attachment gain after 1 (median: −3 mm, lower/upper quartile: −1.5/−4 mm; P <0.001) and 5 (median: −3 mm, lower/upper quartile: −1.9/4.5 mm; P <0.001) years. The study failed to detect median change of CAL‐V from 1 to 5 years after surgery (median: 0 mm; lower/upper quartile: −1/1.5 mm; P = 0.84). Multiple regression analysis identified that number of SPT visits is correlated with CAL‐V gain from 1 to 5 years after surgery. IL‐1 polymorphism and percentage of sites with PD >6 mm at 5‐year reexamination are correlated with CAL‐V loss from 1 to 5 years after surgery.Conclusions: CAL‐V achieved by regenerative therapy in IBDs may have retained stability over 5 years. Frequent SPT is associated with stability. IL‐1 polymorphism and generalized reinfection are associated with less stability.
Efficient Synthesis and Characterization of 4- (1, 3-Dioxoisoindolin-2yl) Benzaldehyde
Authors: Sankhe Sharad S. , Chindarkar Nitesh R. 
Published: March 2017

<em>The titled 4-(1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)benzaldehyde has been synthesized from phthalic anhydride and p-toluidene followed by use of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in ethanol. Compounds characterized on the basis of 1H-NMR. </em>
Investigations of Current Generated in Construction of Polarization in Vectra A, Liquid Crystal Copolyester
Authors: Kalia Sapna , Kalia Rajesh 
Published: March 2017

<div><p><em>The Thermally Stimulated Polarization Current (TSPC) is used to study the dielectric behavior of Vectra A, liquid crystal copolyester. The TSPC spectra of samples of Vectra A for various polarizing fields (3.8 kV/cm- 19.2 kV/cm) have been investigated. A dipolar relaxation is observed in the low temperature region ~ 30 <sup>o</sup>C due to orientation of naphthalene groups present in Vectra A which is termed as peak-P<sub>1</sub>. In the higher temperature region above 110 <sup>o</sup>C, the dipolar and space charge peaks are in composite form. TSPC cycle is performed to distinguish the dipolar and space charge peaks. Also, the TSPC spectra of annealed and doped samples of Vectra A are studied. The results obtained from TSPC spectra are compared with TSDC spectra of samples of Vectra A.</em> </p></div>
Analisis Penerapan Internet Televisi Sebagai Media Penyebarluasan Informasi Digital Pembangunan Daerah
Authors: Irfan Irfan 
Published: March 2017

Studi ini membahas tentang kesiapan penerapan internet televisi untuk optimalisasi penyebarluasan informasi pembangunan daerah. Dari sisi Pemerintah Daerah terutama yang memiliki area yang cukup luas dan terdiri dari pulau-pulau, keberadaan internet televisi memberi peluang untuk lebih bisa menyebarluaskan informasi pembangunan daerahnya secara efektif dan efisien, namun demikian perlu dilihat bagaimana kesiapan pemerintah daerah dalam hal ini Pemerintah Kabupaten Kotabaru. Hal ini berkaitan dengan semakin maraknya penggunaan gadget yang dapat mengakses internet secara cepat, selain itu dukungan infrastruktur BTS (Base Transciever Station) yang sudah masuk sampai ke pelosok desa. Oleh karena itu dalam studi ini akan dilihat kesiapan Pemerintah Daerah (Kabupaten Kotabaru) dalam menerapkan teknologi internet televise dengan cara pendekatan kuantitatif melalui penyebaran kuesioner kepada Pegawai Badan komunikasi, informasi, arsip dan sandi daerah kabupaten Kotabaru. Dalam studi ini dihasilkan index kesiapan Badan komunikasi, informasi, arsip dan sandi daerah kabupaten Kotabaru dalam hal kesiapan menerapkan teknologi internet televisi untuk optimalisasi penyebarluasan informasi pembangunan daerah.
Ajuste de dose de antimicrobianos em pacientes idosos com insuficiência renal, em uma unidade de terapia intensiva
Authors: Pereira Rocha Izabel Cristina , Silveira Camargo Marianne , Neto Santos Camila , Tianeze de Castro Caroline 
Published: March 2017

Introdução: A doença renal acomete, anualmente, cerca de 850 mil pessoas em todo o mundo e sua maior incidência ocorre em pacientes de Unidades de Terapia Intensiva. Em decorrência das alterações na farmacocinética de muitos fármacos, observadas em pacientes acometidos pela perda de função renal, ajustes nas doses são necessários a fim de evitar eventos adversos causados por sobredose desses medicamentos. Observa-se uma maior incidência da doença renal na população com idade mais elevada, e três fatores afetando a hemodinâmica renal têm sido imputados para esta maior incidência: o próprio processo de envelhecimento renal, a maior frequência de estados patológicos nesta faixa etária e o uso excessivo de medicamentos nesse grupo específicos de doentes. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o ajuste nas doses de antimicrobianos prescritos para pacientes idosos com insuficiência renal em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Material e método: Foi realizado uma coorte histórica de pacientes com idade superior a 60 anos, que apresentaram perda de função renal na admissão ou durante a internação na UTI de um hospital de urgência e emergência, localizado no sudoeste da Bahia, no período de junho a agosto de 2014. Os dados clínicos e laboratoriais foram coletados dos prontuários dos pacientes. Foram considerados com insuficiência renal os pacientes que tiveram, em algum momento, a estimativa da (TFG)Taxa de filtração glomerular por CG(Cockcroft-Gault Equation) ou MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease) inferior a 55 mL/min (se homem) ou 52 mL/min (se mulher). Os medicamentos que necessitavam de ajuste na insuficiência renal, suas respectivas doses e intervalos prescritos foram identificados em duas fontes de informações: Micromedex e Drug Information Handbook. Os medicamentos foram classificados em: “ajustado” (quando o ajuste de dose foi realizado de acordo com a estimativa da TFG), e “não ajustado” (se não foi realizado o ajuste quando necessário).Resultados: Dos 18 pacientes identificados, 9 tiveram insuficiência renal havendo necessidade de ajuste de dose, 4(44,44%) não tiveram o ajuste de dose realizado, e apenas 5(55,55%) pacientes tiveram o ajuste de dose realizado conforme recomendado. Discussão: O número de pacientes idosos com perda de função renal que não tiveram às doses de medicamentos ajustados demonstram a necessidade de melhoria na qualidade do cuidado e segurança dos pacientes, através da realização de ajuste de dose de medicamentos, como meio de prevenção de eventos adversos e demais desfechos desfavoráveis. Conclusão: No período avaliado, mais da metade dos pacientes tiveram o ajuste de dose realizado conforme o recomendado.
A Direct Refractory Die Technique for Cast Gold Restorations
Authors: Smith CT , Diefenderfer KE 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
Fabricating accurate cast gold restorations can be challenging for both clinicians and laboratory technicians. Removing the wax pattern from the master die often distorts the pattern, which, in turn, compromises the overall fit and marginal adaptation of the casting. This article demonstrates a laboratory technique in which the final restoration is cast directly on the refractory die without removing the wax pattern. Thus, distortion of the wax pattern is avoided, enabling the production of superbly fitting gold castings for both intracoronal and extracoronal restorations.
Interview: Joseph Agassi
Authors: Condé Mauro L. , Pisano Raffaele , Segre Michael 
Published: March 2017

Joseph Agassi is an Israeli scholar born in Jerusalem on May 7, 1927. He has many books and articles published contributing to the fields of logic, scientific method, foundations of sciences, epistemology and, most importantly for this Journal, in the historiography of science. He studied with Karl Popper, who was definitely his biggest influence. He taught around the world in different universities. He currently lives in Herzliya, Israel. For his important contribution to the historiography of science, we chose to open the first issue of this journal with this interview recognizing his importance for the field, as well as paying our homage to him.
Effects of charging conditions on the hydrogen related mechanical property degradation of a 3 Cr low alloyed steel
Authors: Lu Yongxin , Jing Hongyang , Han Yongdian , Xu Lianyong 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
In this work, the susceptibility of a 3 Cr low alloyed steel to hydrogen degradation of its mechanical properties was investigated to simulate the outside pipeline environment condition by a series of electrochemical hydrogen permeation measurements, surface characterization and tensile tests. Results show that the amount of hydrogen charging into the 3 Cr low alloyed steel specimen is affected by the external charging conditions, such as the hydrogen charging time and charging current density. The diffusivity of hydrogen at room temperature in 3 Cr low alloyed steel has been determined as 2.87 × 10−8 cm2 × s−1. The reduction of ductility with charging time becomes obvious in the tensile experiments.
Characterization of hollow glass sphere reinforced epoxy composites: Dynamical mechanical analysis and morphology
Authors: Altan Mihrigül , Kahraman Yusuf , Gümüş Beril 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Hollow glass spheres (HGS) have many application areas in the field of composite production due to their lightweight property together with having a sufficient strength. This study has the focus on adding the HGS to epoxy resin in different concentrations. The surface of the glass spheres were modified with silane prior to resin casting. The material characterization of the HGS filled epoxies was based on the silane presence and the HGS addition. Dynamic mechanical analysis was applied to observe the mechanical properties depending on the temperature of the composites. Morphological investigations were made to determine the interfacial adhesion between epoxy and the HGS. As a result of these, it was obtained that the HGS addition enhanced the stiffness of the material without a sharp reduction in the ductility. Silane was observed to be successful in improving the storage modulus below the glass transition temperature (Tg). However, the reduction in Tg was observed in high amount of modified HGS loading due to their interfering effect on the crosslink system of the epoxy.