bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatially resolved analysis of variation in barley (Hordeum vulgare) grain micronutrient accumulation
Authors: Detterbeck Amelie , Pongrac Paula , Rensch Stefan , Reuscher Stefan , Pečovnik Matic , Vavpetič Primož , Pelicon Primož , Holzheu Stefan , Krämer Ute , Clemens Stephan 
Published: April 2016

Summary

Genetic biofortification requires knowledge on natural variation and the underlying mechanisms of micronutrient accumulation. We therefore studied diversity in grain micronutrient concentrations and spatial distribution in barley (Hordeum vulgare), a genetically tractable model cereal and an important crop with widespread cultivation.

We assembled a diverse collection of barley cultivars and landraces and analysed grain micronutrient profiles in genebank material and after three independent cultivations. Lines with contrasting grain zinc (Zn) accumulation were selected for in‐depth analysis of micronutrient distribution within the grain by micro‐proton‐induced X‐ray emission (μ‐PIXE). Also, we addressed association with grain cadmium (Cd) accumulation.

The analysis of > 120 lines revealed substantial variation, especially in grain Zn concentrations. A large fraction of this variation is due to genetic differences. Grain dissection and μ‐PIXE analysis of contrasting lines showed that differences in grain Zn accumulation apply to all parts of the grain including the endosperm. Cd concentrations exceeded the Codex Alimentarius threshold in most of the representative barley lines after cultivation in a Cd‐contaminated agricultural soil.

Two important conclusions for biofortification are: first, high‐Zn grains contain more Zn also in the consumed parts of the grain; and second, higher micronutrient concentrations are strongly associated with higher Cd accumulation.
Do Neighbours Influence Value‐Added‐Tax Introduction? A Spatial Duration Analysis
Authors: Čížek Pavel , Lei Jinghua , Ligthart Jenny E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe spatial survival models typically impose frailties, which characterize unobserved heterogeneity, to be spatially correlated. However, the spatial effect may not only exist in the unobserved errors, but it can also be present in the baseline hazards and the dependent variables. A new spatial survival model with these three possible spatial correlation structures is explored and used to investigate the implementation of value‐added tax (VAT) in 99 countries over the period 1970–2009. Estimation is performed by a Bayesian approach through the Markov chain Monte Carlo method. The estimation results suggest the presence of a significant spatial correlation among the VAT introductions of neighbouring countries.
A Method for Working with Sign Restrictions in Structural Equation Modelling
Authors: Ouliaris Sam , Pagan Adrian 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe paper sets out a method for handling sign restrictions in systems of simultaneous equations which are only partially identified. These sign restrictions might apply to either structural equation parameters or functions of them such as impulse responses. Initially a range of values for the unidentified parameters are generated and then the role of sign restrictions is to narrow the range. It is simple to apply and can be handled in packages such as EViews and Stata. Examples are given of how to implement it in a number of cases where there are both parametric and sign restrictions.
How relevant is panallergen sensitization in the development of allergies?
Authors: McKenna Olivia E. , Asam Claudia , Araujo Galber R. , Roulias Anargyros , Goulart Luiz R. , Ferreira Fatima 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPanallergens comprise various protein families of plant as well as animal origin and are responsible for wide IgE cross‐reactivity between related and unrelated allergenic sources. Such cross‐reactivities include reactions between various pollen sources, pollen and plant‐derived foods as well as invertebrate‐derived inhalants and foodstuff. Here, we provide an overview on the most clinically relevant panallergens from plants (profilins, polcalcins, non‐specific lipid transfer proteins, pathogenesis‐related protein family 10 members) and on the prominent animal‐derived panallergen family, tropomyosins. In addition, we explore the role of panallergens in the sensitization process and progress of the allergic disease. Emphasis is given on epidemiological aspects of panallergen sensitization and clinical manifestations. Finally, the issues related to diagnosis and therapy of patients sensitized to panallergens are outlined, and the use of panallergens as predictors for cross‐reactive allergy and as biomarkers for disease severity is discussed.
Systematic description of putative animal fossils from the early Ediacaran Lantian Formation of South China
Authors: Wan Bin , Yuan Xunlai , Chen Zhe , Guan Chengguo , Pang Ke , Tang Qing , Xiao Shuhai 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe early Ediacaran Lantian Formation in South China contains some of the oldest known representatives of morphologically complex macroorganisms, including various macroalgae and putative animals. The macroalgal fossils have been described previously in several publications, but no taxonomic treatment has been published for the putative animal fossils. This hampers our ability to fully evaluate and communicate the significance of these potentially important Ediacaran macrofossils. To address this deficiency, here we provide a systematic description of these putative animal fossils from the Lantian Formation, including four new genera and five new species: Lantianella laevis gen. et sp. nov., L. annularis gen. et sp. nov., Piyuania cyathiformis gen. et sp. nov., Qianchuania fusiformis gen. et sp. nov. and Xiuningella rara gen. et sp. nov. Morphological comparisons of these fossils and potential modern analogues are provided and critically assessed.
We use Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy for Overdoses and Intoxications
Authors: Cabrera Valerie Jorge , Shirali Anushree C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractExtracorporeal modalities for the removal of drugs and toxins are indicated for the treatment of overdoses and intoxications. Well‐established modalities include hemodialysis (HD), high‐flux HD (HfD), and charcoal hemoperfusion (HP). Recently, there have been increasing reports on the use of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), such as continuous veno‐venous hemodialysis (CVVHD), continuous veno‐venous hemofiltration (CVVH) or CVVH combined with dialysis (CVVHDF). In the present article, we will discuss the various factors that determine the clearance of drugs and toxins and accordingly, we will propose that with few exceptions, CRRT does not have a role in the routine management of intoxications.
Analysis of association of FOXO3 gene with Trypanosoma cruzi infection and chronic Chagasic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Leon Rodriguez D. A. , González C. I. , Martin J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFOXO3, a member of the Forkhead family of proteins, plays a role in controlling immune response. FOXO3 gene variant rs12212067 has been associated to differential severity of infectious diseases like malaria. In this study, we assessed whether this FOXO3 gene polymorphism is related to susceptibility to infection by Trypanosoma cruzi and/or chronic Chagasic cardiomyopathy. A total of 1171 individuals from a Colombian region endemic for Chagas disease, classified as seronegative (n = 595), seropositive asymptomatic (n = 175) and chronic Chagasic cardiomyopathy (n = 401) were genotyped for the FOXO3 rs12212067 using TaqMan allelic discrimination. Our results showed no statistically significantly differences between allelic and genotypic frequencies of rs12212067 in seronegative individuals compared with seropositive individuals. Similarly, we observed no evidence of association when asymptomatic individuals were compared with chronic Chagasic cardiomyopathy patients. Our data suggest that the FOXO3 genetic variant rs12212067 do not play an important role in Chagas disease.
Defiant Neoliberalism and the Danger of Detroit
Authors: Hackworth Jason 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCritical geographical studies of neoliberalism have emphasised how local spatialities complicate the implementation and theorisation of top‐down, idealised versions of the ideology. The central assumption is that local circumstances autonomously contradict or disrupt such deployments of neoliberalism. This paper explores the deployment of ‘defiant neoliberalism’, and the use of Detroit as a vehicle to promote and ‘prove’ its veracity. Some geographers have suggested that such defiant ideologies are unworthy of serious critique because they are so self‐evidently contradicted by local circumstances. The case calls into question the assumption that local circumstance naturally challenges ideological framings such as neoliberalism. Many local details contradict the veracity of idealised neoliberalism, yet its promoters are able to actively morph them (or elide them) into a narrative that supports the wider ideology.
Economic Geography of the Australian Mining Industry
Authors: Bayari Celal 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper is a discussion of the economic geography of Australia. It provides a history of foreign investment in mining, and discusses several resources booms that shaped the landscape of the continent and the role of governments (state, federal and territory governments) in this process. The paper presents a chronological account of the development of the Australian mining industry, the primary activities of which are the extraction, and export of unprocessed coal, iron, minerals and increasingly natural gas. The paper analyses the industry's interaction with foreign investment and government assistance (that is, government spending in relation to the industry such as subsidies, loans and infrastructure construction, etc.). Australia's trade and foreign investment environment have long been deregulated. The Australian mining industry has benefited from this deregulation. But its most spectacular period has been the ‘commodities super‐cycle’ of the 2000s–2010s. Overall, its contribution to exports has long typified the mining industry. The discussion herein draws attention to the applicability of the ‘eclectic theory’ in reference to foreign investment in mining. That is, investing mining MNEs (multinational enterprises) have three main types of ‘locational advantages’ in Australia: (i) volume of the availability of resources; (ii) foreign investment regulatory environment; and (iii) government assistance that benefits the mining industry's expansion.
VGDI – Advancing the Concept: Volunteered Geo‐Dynamic Information and its Benefits for Population Dynamics Modeling
Authors: Aubrecht Christoph , Özceylan Aubrecht Dilek , Ungar Joachim , Freire Sérgio , Steinnocher Klaus 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe concept of Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) has progressed from being an exotic prospect to making a profound impact on GIScience and geography in general, as initially anticipated. However, while massive and manifold data is continuously produced voluntarily and applications are built for information and knowledge extraction, the initially introduced concept of VGI lacks certain methodological perspectives in this regard which have not been fully elaborated. In this article we highlight and discuss an important gap in this concept, i.e. the lack of formal acknowledgment of temporal aspects. By coining the proposed advanced framework ‘Volunteered Geo‐Dynamic Information’ (VGDI), we attempt to lay the ground for full conceptual and applied spatio‐temporal integration. To illustrate that integrative approach of VGDI and its benefits, we describe the potential impact on the field of dynamic population distribution modeling. While traditional approaches in that domain rely on survey‐based data and statistics as well as static geographic information, the use of VGDI enables a dynamic setup. Foursquare venue and user check‐in data are presented for a test site in Lisbon, Portugal. Two core modules of spatio‐temporal population assessment are thereby addressed, namely time use profiling and target zone characterization, motivated by the potential integration in existing population dynamics frameworks such as the DynaPop model.
Physicians' experiences and views on the role of obstetric ultrasound in rural and urban Rwanda: a qualitative study
Authors: Edvardsson Kristina , Ntaganira Joseph , Åhman Annika , Sengoma Jean Paul Semasaka , Small Rhonda , Mogren Ingrid 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo explore Rwandan physicians' experiences and views on the role of obstetric ultrasound in clinical management of pregnancy, and in situations where maternal and fetal health interests conflict.MethodsPhysicians (n = 19) in public and private health facilities in urban and rural Rwanda were interviewed in 2015 as part of the CROss‐Country Ultrasound Study (CROCUS). Data were analysed qualitatively.ResultsUltrasound was described as an important tool in maternity care. Availability and quality of equipment varied across sites, and considerable disparities in obstetric ultrasound utilisation between rural and urban areas were described. The physicians wanted more ultrasound training and saw the potential for midwives to perform basic scans. Information about fetal sex and well‐being was described as women's main expectations of ultrasound. Although women's right to autonomy in pregnancy was supported in principle by participating physicians, fetal rights were sometimes seen as needing physician ‘protection’.ConclusionsThere appears to be increasing use and demand for obstetric ultrasound in Rwanda, particularly in urban areas. It seems important to monitor this development closely to secure wise and fair allocation of scarce obstetric expertise and resources and to prevent overuse or misuse of ultrasound. Raising awareness about the benefits of all aspects of antenatal care, including ultrasound may be an important step to improve pregnant women's uptake of services. Increased opportunities for formal ultrasound training, including the training of midwives to perform basic scans, seem warranted. Moreover, in parallel with the transition to more medico‐technical maternity care, a dialogue about maternal rights to autonomy in pregnancy and childbirth is imperative.
Root‐specific expression of opine genes and opine accumulation in some cultivars of the naturally occurring genetically modified organism Nicotiana tabacum
Authors: Chen Ke , de Borne François Dorlhac , Julio Emilie , Obszynski Julie , Pale Patrick , Otten Léon 
Published: April 2016

SummaryPrevious studies have shown that Nicotiana tabacum contains three Agrobacterium‐derived T‐DNA sequences inherited from its paternal ancestor Nicotiana tomentosiformis. Among these, the TB locus carries an intact mannopine synthase 2′ gene (TB‐mas2′). This gene is similar to the Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4‐mas2′ gene that encodes the synthesis of the Amadori compound deoxyfructosyl‐glutamine (DFG or santhopine). In this study we show that TB‐mas2′ is expressed at very low levels in N. tomentosiformis and in most N. tabacum cultivars; however, some cultivars show high TB‐mas2′ expression levels. The TB‐mas2′ promoter sequences of low‐ and high‐expressing cultivars are identical. The low/high level of expression segregates as a single Mendelian factor in a cross between a low‐ and a high‐expression cultivar. pTB‐mas2′‐GUS and pA4‐mas2′‐GUS reporter genes were stably introduced in N. benthamiana. Both were mainly expressed in the root expansion zone and leaf vasculature. Roots of tobacco cultivars with high TB‐mas2′ expression contain detectable levels of DFG.
Transfusion management of factor V deficiency: three case reports and review of the literature
Authors: Gavva Chakri , Yates Sean G. , Rambally Siayareh , Sarode Ravi 
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUNDFactor V (FV) deficiency may be inherited as an autosomal recessive disease or acquired as a result of autoantibody formation, either spontaneously or secondary to exposure to bovine thrombin or medications. Congenital FV deficiency has traditionally been treated with plasma transfusions. However, recent evidence has suggested that platelet (PLT) transfusions may be a better alternative as FV stored within PLT alpha granules has greater procoagulant potential and is released locally at sites of vascular injury. We report three cases of FV deficiency, one congenital and two acquired, and emphasize the different management approaches.CASE REPORTSPatient 1 was a 30‐year‐old man with congenital FV deficiency who presented with a trauma‐induced hematoma of his lower extremity. He was treated with 5 PLT units over 48 hours. Patient 2 was a 64‐year‐old woman who presented with an upper‐extremity thrombus and was discovered to have a FV inhibitor, likely secondary to antibiotics. Patient 3 was a 75‐year‐old woman with hepatitis C virus (HCV) who presented with minor ecchymosis and was found to have a FV inhibitor secondary to either HCV or antibiotic exposure. Corticosteroids alone were able to eradicate the inhibitors in both patients with acquired inhibitors.CONCLUSIONSFV deficiency can present with a diverse range of symptoms. For bleeding patients, PLT transfusions should be the initial therapy. In patients with thrombosis, the risks and benefits of anticoagulation must be carefully assessed before treatment. For patients with minor bleeds, transfusions may be withheld, and elimination of the inhibitor should be the primary objective.
Translocal English in the linguascape of Mongolian popular music
Authors: DOVCHIN SENDER 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper seeks to contribute to the current discussion of world Englishes by revealing the seamless English language incorporation in the linguascape of the popular music scene of post‐socialist Mongolia, a context that has been rarely addressed in previous research. Drawing on sets of linguistic (n)ethnographic data, the paper argues that the role of English in the mixed language practices of young musicians should be understood as ‘translocal language’, which makes its meaning through the contact of transnational linguistic flows and resources embedded within the idea of ‘linguascape’.
Short inter‐set rest blunts resistance exercise‐induced increases in myofibrillar protein synthesis and intracellular signalling in young males
Authors: McKendry James , Pérez‐López Alberto , McLeod Michael , Luo Dan , Dent Jessica R. , Smeuninx Benoit , Yu Jinglei , Taylor Angela E. , Philp Andrew , Breen Leigh 
Published: April 2016

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Does shorter rest between sets of resistance exercise promote a superior circulating hormonal and acute muscle anabolic response compared with longer rest periods?
What is the main finding and its importance?
We demonstrate that short rest (1 min) between sets of moderate‐intensity, high‐volume resistance exercise blunts the acute muscle anabolic response compared with a longer rest period (5 min), despite a superior circulating hormonal milieu. These data have important implications for the development of training regimens to maximize muscle hypertrophy.
Manipulating the rest‐recovery interval between sets of resistance exercise may influence training‐induced muscle remodelling. The aim of this study was to determine the acute muscle anabolic response to resistance exercise performed with short or long inter‐set rest intervals. In a study with a parallel‐group design, 16 males completed four sets of bilateral leg‐press and knee‐extension exercise at 75% of one‐repetition maximum to momentary muscular failure, followed by ingestion of 25 g of whey protein. Resistance exercise sets were interspersed by 1 min (n = 8) or 5 min of passive rest (n = 8). Muscle biopsies were obtained at rest, 0, 4, 24 and 28 h postexercise during a primed continuous infusion of l‐[ring‐13C6]phenylalanine to determine myofibrillar protein synthesis and intracellular signalling. We found that the rate of myofibrillar protein synthesis increased above resting values from 0 to 4 h postexercise with 1 (76%; P = 0.047) and 5 min inter‐set rest (152%; P < 0.001) and was significantly greater in the 5 min inter‐set rest group (P = 0.001). Myofibrillar protein synthesis rates at 24–28 h postexercise remained elevated above resting values (P < 0.05) and were indistinguishable between groups. Postexercise p70S6KThr389 and rpS6Ser240/244 phosphorylation were reduced with 1 compared with 5 min inter‐set rest, whereas phosphorylation of eEF2Thr56, TSC2Thr1462, AMPKThr172 and REDD1 protein were greater for 1 compared with 5 min inter‐set rest. Serum testosterone was greater at 20–40 min postexercise and plasma lactate greater immediately postexercise for 1 versus 5 min inter‐set rest. Resistance exercise with short (1 min) inter‐set rest duration attenuated myofibrillar protein synthesis during the early postexercise recovery period compared with longer (5 min) rest duration, potentially through compromised activation of intracellular signalling.
Diaphragm muscle sarcopenia in Fischer 344 and Brown Norway rats
Authors: Elliott Jonathan E. , Omar Tanya S. , Mantilla Carlos B. , Sieck Gary C. 
Published: April 2016

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
Several rat models are commonly used to study the physiology of ageing (e.g. Fischer 344 and Brown Norway rats are recommended by the USA National Institute of Ageing). Diaphragm muscle sarcopenia (ageing‐related muscle weakness and atrophy) remains incompletely described in these rat models.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Diaphragm muscle sarcopenia is present in both the Fischer 344 and Brown Norway rat strains, but appears more pronounced in Fischer 344 rats.

The risk for respiratory diseases increases in adults >65 years of age, which may be attributable in part to ageing‐related weakening and atrophy (i.e. sarcopenia) of the diaphragm muscle (DIAm). The mechanisms underlying DIAm sarcopenia remain unknown. Based on existing evidence, we hypothesized that sarcopenia is most evident in type IIx and/or IIb DIAm fibres, i.e. more fatigable motor units. Currently, the USA National Institute on Aging supports Fischer 344 (F344) and Brown Norway (BN) rat strains for ageing‐related research, yet DIAm sarcopenia has not been evaluated comprehensively in either strain. Thus, the present study examined DIAm sarcopenia in older adult F344 (24 months old, 50% survival) and BN rats (32 months old, 50% survival), compared with young adult (6‐month‐old) F344 and BN rats. Measurements of contractility, contractile protein concentration, fibre type distribution and fibre cross‐sectional area were obtained from midcostal DIAm strips. Maximal specific force was reduced by ∼24 and ∼13% in older F344 and BN rats, respectively. Additionally, although the cross‐sectional area of type I and IIa DIAm fibres was unchanged in both F344 and BN rats, the cross‐sectional area of type IIx and/or IIb DIAm fibres was reduced by ∼20 and ∼15% in F344 and BN rats, respectively. Thus, although there was ageing‐related DIAm weakness and atrophy, selective to type IIx and/or IIb DIAm fibres, in both F344 and BN rats, the sarcopenic phenotype was more pronounced in F344 rats.