bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disseminating Innovations in Teaching Value-Based Care Through an Online Learning Network
Authors: Gupta Reshma , Shah Neel T. , Moriates Christopher , Wallingford September , Arora Vineet M. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Background
A national imperative to provide value-based care requires new strategies to teach clinicians about high-value care.

Objective
We developed a virtual online learning network aimed at disseminating emerging strategies in teaching value-based care.

Methods
The online Teaching Value in Health Care Learning Network includes monthly webinars that feature selected innovators, online discussion forums, and a repository for sharing tools. The learning network comprises clinician-educators and health system leaders across North America. We conducted a cross-sectional online survey of all webinar presenters and the active members of the network, and we assessed program feasibility.

Results
Six months after the program launched, there were 277 learning community members in 22 US states. Of the 74 active members, 50 (68%) completed the evaluation. Active members represented independently practicing physicians and trainees in 7 specialties, nurses, educators, and health system leaders. Nearly all speakers reported that the learning network provided them with a unique opportunity to connect with a different audience and achieve greater recognition for their work. Of the members who were active in the learning network, most reported that strategies gleaned from the network were helpful, and some adopted or adapted these innovations at their home institutions. One year after the program launched, the learning network had grown to 364 total members.

Conclusions
The learning network helped participants share and implement innovations to promote high-value care. The model can help disseminate innovations in emerging areas of health care transformation, and is sustainable without ongoing support after a period of start-up funding.
OzFlux data: network integration from collection to curation
Authors: Isaac Peter , Cleverly James , McHugh Ian , van Gorsel Eva , Ewenz Cacilia , Beringer Jason 
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Measurement of the exchange of energy and mass between the surface and the atmospheric boundary-layer by the eddy covariance technique has undergone great change in the last 2 decades. Early studies of these exchanges were confined to brief field campaigns in carefully controlled conditions followed by months of data analysis. Current practice is to run tower-based eddy covariance systems continuously over several years due to the need for continuous monitoring as part of a global effort to develop local-, regional-, continental- and global-scale budgets of carbon, water and energy. Efficient methods of processing the increased quantities of data are needed to maximise the time available for analysis and interpretation. Standardised methods are needed to remove differences in data processing as possible contributors to observed spatial variability. Furthermore, public availability of these data sets assists with undertaking global research efforts. The OzFlux data path has been developed (i) to provide a standard set of quality control and post-processing tools across the network, thereby facilitating inter-site integration and spatial comparisons; (ii) to increase the time available to researchers for analysis and interpretation by reducing the time spent collecting and processing data; (iii) to propagate both data and metadata to the final product; and (iv) to facilitate the use of the OzFlux data by adopting a standard file format and making the data available from web-based portals. Discovery of the OzFlux data set is facilitated through incorporation in FLUXNET data syntheses and the publication of collection metadata via the RIF-CS format. This paper serves two purposes. The first is to describe the data sets, along with their quality control and post-processing, for the other papers of this Special Issue. The second is to provide an example of one solution to the data collection and curation challenges that are encountered by similar flux tower networks worldwide.
Why Martha Nussbaum is Right: The Empirical Case for the Value of Reading and Teaching Fiction
Authors: Duncan Charles , Bess-Montgomery Georgene , Osinubi Viktor 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In Love's Knowledge and Poetic Justice, Martha Nussbaum makes a compelling case for the value of reading fiction as a means to cultivate “judicious spectatorship”—Adam Smith's term for the ethical stance of a morally competent human being and responsible citizen. However, notwithstanding the power of her argument, it is essentially an argument from authority and hence, would be would be even stronger if supported by empirical data. Although not well-known within the humanities domain, such data does indeed exist, in the form of convergent lines of recent research into the neurobiological and psychological aspects of reading fiction. Supported by the fruits of this research—the accumulating evidence that reading fiction enhances social intelligence and cognitive empathy at a fundamental level—Nussbaum's confidence in the value of fiction as a “school for the moral sentiments” would appear to be supremely well-justified, and any programmatic decisions to marginalize the study of literature within the curricular spectrum supremely ill-informed.
MODELAGEM DA RELAÇÃO HIPSOMÉTRICA PARA UM POVOAMENTO DO HÍBRIDO DE EUCALIPTO NA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA
Authors: De Souza Alex Soares , Dos Santos Joielan Xipaia , Souza Deivison Venicio 
Published: June 2017

Este trabalho objetivou ajustar modelos hipsométricos tradicio­nais, para um povoamento híbrido (Eucalyptus urophylla e Eucalyptus grandis) aos oito anos de idade, no município de Paca­já, Pará. Foram estabelecidas quatro unidades de amostras qua­dra­das de 30 m x 30 m, totalizando 3.600 m² de área amostrada, sob o processo de amostragem inteiramente aleatório. Foram testa­dos 17 modelos hipsométricos matemáticos de natureza logarít­mica e aritmética. Os critérios de seleção dos modelos foram: i) signifi­cância da estatística F da Análise de Variância (ANOVA) da regres­são; ii) coeficiente de determinação ajustado (R²aj.); iii) erro pa­drão da estimativa em porcentagem (Syx%); iv) desvio médio percentual (DMP%) e v) análise gráfica dos resíduos. A maioria dos modelos apresentou baixos valores de R²aj., Syx% e DMP%, com destaque para o modelo Linear e Assmann. Os mode­los Hiperbólico: √DAP²/(h-1,3) = 0,3071+0,2048 DAP, e Naslund: DAP/√h = 0,3426+0,2103 DAP foram mais apropriados para esti­marem a altura da árvore em pé para o híbrido, tendo em vista as melhores medidas de precisão.
Les catégories juridiques et la qualification : une approche cognitive
Authors: Cumyn Michelle , Gosselin Frédéric 
Published: June 2017

Le présent article intègre l’apport de la méthodologie du droit et des sciences cognitives, afin d’éclairer le processus explicite de qualification juridique et son rôle implicite dans la pensée. La qualification, qui consiste à rattacher les faits à une catégorie juridique, s’opère d’abord inconsciemment : c’est la qualification implicite. Il faut parfois justifier la qualification retenue : c’est la qualification explicite. La théorie du prototype, la théorie des exemplaires et la théorie des théories peuvent expliquer la qualification implicite, tandis que la qualification explicite se fonde sur la définition, les précédents, le régime juridique et les connaissances associées.
Dans toute hiérarchie de concepts, ceux d’un niveau intermédiaire, appelé niveau de base, sont préférés pour l’accomplissement de plusieurs tâches cognitives. Les concepts de ce niveau sont vraisemblablement plus faciles à appliquer et plus accessibles pour les juristes débutants. Deux expériences en catégorisation juridique montrent que le niveau de base varie selon les domaines du droit. Elles indiquent que la formation de common law favorise une représentation plus efficace des catégories juridiques, ce qui peut s’expliquer par l’importance accordée à la sélection et à l’analyse des faits. Les catégories juridiques induisent la formation de stéréotypes qui jouent un rôle occulte dans le raisonnement : c’est le principal revers de l’action réductrice et simplificatrice des catégories juridiques.
Requiem pour un cadavre
Authors: Lacroix Mariève , Torres-Ceyte Jérémie 
Published: June 2017

Le respect du cadavre peut faire l’objet d’une réflexion transversale dans les droits français et québécois. En effet, plusieurs mouvements contemporains se conjuguent au profit de la survie d’une protection juridique du cadavre à travers le vecteur de la dignité humaine. On peut penser, au Québec, au Projet de loi 66 sur les activités funéraires, sanctionné en février 2016 et, en France, à l’entrée en vigueur en 2008 de l’article 16-1-1 du Code civil qui impose le respect du corps après la mort.
Empruntant librement la structure d’un essai théâtral, les auteurs proposent quelques jalons de réflexion sur la détermination du moment de la mort (acte I), une clarification du statut juridique du cadavre (acte II), une protection du défunt au temps de la mémoire des proches (acte III), ainsi qu’au temps de l’oubli (acte IV), menant au dénouement ultime, certes inévitable (acte V).
Zinc Compounds
Authors: Goodwin Frank E. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractZinc is in group 12 (IIB) of the periodic table and exhibits a valence of +2 in all its compounds. Being high on the electromotive series, zinc forms quite stable compounds and, as such, resembles magnesium. Bonding in zinc compounds tends to be covalent, as in the sulfide and oxide.In this article, the properties of zinc compounds are provided, with special attention given to zinc oxide, zinc chloride, and zinc sulfate. Production and processing of these compounds are discussed. Zinc is needed for the proper functioning of plants and animals and this is discussed along with health and safety aspects, uses, and economics.
Omics: Emerging Biological Fields of Study
Authors: Ham Bryan M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe termomicsrefers to the field of biological study that ends in ‐omics, for example, genomics studies the genome, proteomics studies the proteins in a given system, and metabolomics is the study of global metabolite profiles within a system–cell, tissue, or an organism–often in response to events that stimulate the system under study.The article introduces these technologies and discusses advances that have made it feasible to identify, target, and measure bioactive molecules indicative of the status of the system, and are used for clinical diagnostics and for monitoring the progress of disease.Applying omics technologies to environmental toxicology has resulted in a new field of research environmental omics that attempts to better understand the environmental and genetic factors, toxicity mechanisms, and modes of action in response to acute and chronic exposure to chemicals in the environment.
Ionospheric‐thermospheric UV tomography: 3. A multisensor technique for creating full‐orbit reconstructions of atmospheric UV emission
Authors: Hei Matthew A. , Budzien Scott A. , Dymond Kenneth F. , Nicholas Andrew C. , Paxton Larry J. , Schaefer Robert K. , Groves Keith M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe present the Volume Emission Rate Tomography (VERT) technique for inverting satellite‐based, multisensor limb and nadir measurements of atmospheric ultraviolet emission to create whole‐orbit reconstructions of atmospheric volume emission rate. The VERT approach is more general than previous ionospheric tomography methods because it can reconstruct the volume emission rate field irrespective of the particular excitation mechanisms (e.g., radiative recombination, photoelectron impact excitation, and energetic particle precipitation in auroras); physical models are then applied to interpret the airglow. The technique was developed and tested using data from the Special Sensor Ultraviolet Limb Imager and Special Sensor Ultraviolet Spectrographic Imager instruments aboard the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program F‐18 spacecraft and planned for use with upcoming remote sensing missions. The technique incorporates several features to optimize the tomographic solutions, such as the use of a nonnegative algorithm (Richardson‐Lucy, RL) that explicitly accounts for the Poisson statistics inherent in optical measurements, capability to include extinction effects due to resonant scattering and absorption of the photons from the lines of sight, a pseudodiffusion‐based regularization scheme implemented between iterations of the RL code to produce smoother solutions, and the capability to estimate error bars on the solutions. Tests using simulated atmospheric emissions verify that the technique performs well in a variety of situations, including daytime, nighttime, and even in the challenging terminator regions. Lastly, we consider ionospheric nightglow and validate reconstructions of the nighttime electron density against Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA) Long‐range Tracking and Identification Radar (ALTAIR) incoherent scatter radar data.
On the residual ionospheric error in radio occultation measurements
Authors: Coleman Christopher J. , Forte Biagio 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe residual ionospheric error (RIE) in radio occultation (RO) measurement analysis is investigated through both analytic and numerical ray tracing. The study has shown that the difference between the propagation paths at different frequencies is an extremely important factor in determining the level of the RIE. Further, that horizontal ionospheric structure, such as the equatorial anomaly, can have a substantial impact. The results confirm the conclusion of previous studies that asymmetry in the ionosphere between the upward and downward legs of the propagation is a significant factor. The study has also considered the effect of traveling ionospheric disturbances upon the RIE. It has been shown that there can be dramatic changes in RIE through the full period of a traveling ionospheric disturbance (TID). Consequently, because of their frequency and unpredictability, TIDs have the potential to set a limit on the achievable accuracy of RO measurement analysis.
Residence‐time‐based classification of surface water systems
Authors: Jones Allan E. , Hodges Ben R. , McClelland James W. , Hardison Amber K. , Moffett Kevan B. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDefining surface water systems as lentic or lotic is an important first step in linking hydrology and ecology. Existing approaches for classifying surface water as lentic (reservoir‐like) or lotic (river‐like) use qualitative observations, solitary snapshot measurements in time and space, or ecologic metrics that are not broadly repeatable. This study introduces the Freshwater Continuum Classification (FCC), a quantitative method to consistently and objectively classify lentic/lotic systems based on integrated residence time (iTR), the time incoming water would take to exit the system given observed temporal variations in the system's discharge and volume. Lentic/lotic classification is determined from comparison of median iTR with critical flow thresholds related to key time scales such as zooplankton generation. Some systems switch between lentic and lotic behaviors over time, which are additionally defined in the FCC as oscillic. Pilot application of the FCC to 15 tidally influenced river segments along the Texas Gulf Coast produced good agreement with previous methods of determining lentic/lotic character. The FCC defined 8 of 15 tidal reaches as primarily lentic, 6 as intermediate, and 1 as lotic between October 2007 and March 2015. Of the 15 reaches, 9 were also oscillic, characterized in this climate by short‐lived lotic character during flash floods. The FCC provides a broadly applicable, repeatable, quantitative method to classify surface water bodies as lentic/intermediate/lotic and oscillic/nonoscillic regardless of size or nature (e.g., river or reservoir) based on system volume and flow characteristics.
Fracturing‐induced release of radiogenic 4He and 234U into groundwater during the last deglaciation: An alternative source to crustal helium fluxes in periglacial aquifers
Authors: Méjean Pauline , Pinti Daniele L. , Ghaleb Bassam , Larocque Marie 
Published: June 2017

AbstractExternal 4He sources have been invoked to explain 4He concentrations in groundwater greater than those expected from in situ U and Th production. In a fractured aquifer of Ordovician age located in the St. Lawrence Lowlands (Quebec, Canada), 4He concentrations of up to 4.48 × 10−5 cm3 STP
were measured. Such concentrations are ∼1000 times higher than would be expected from in situ production. A concomitant increase in 4He concentration and 234U/238U activity ratio is shown, suggesting a common release process in groundwater for 234U and 4He. This process has tentatively been identified as glaciation‐induced rock fracturing following the Laurentide Ice Sheet retreat. The resulting increase in exposed grain surface facilitates 234U release by α‐recoil and that of radiogenic 4He by diffusion. Using a model of helium diffusion from a spherical grain, it is shown that rock fracturing facilitated the release of accumulated 4He at rates ranging from 4.2 × 10−10 to 1.06 × 10−8 cm3 STP
yr−1. These release rates are between 1000 and 30,000 times higher than the local U and Th steady state production rate, of 3.5 ± 1.4 × 10−13 cm3 STP
yr−1. Integration of 4He release rates over time yields a radiogenic 4He concentration of between 3.85 × 10−6 and 7.12 × 10−5 cm3 STP
, in the range of concentrations measured in the St. Lawrence Lowlands fractured aquifers. Results support the occurrence of a local radiogenic helium source to explain the excesses measured in groundwater without requiring a significant external He crustal flux.
Fluxes of particulates and nutrients during hydrologically defined seasonal periods in an ice‐affected great Arctic river, the Mackenzie
Authors: Gareis Jolie A. L. , Lesack Lance F. W. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLarge circumpolar rivers influence the biogeochemistry of coastal shelf ecosystems and Arctic Ocean circulation. From 2007 to 2010, Mackenzie River nutrients were measured immediately upstream of the Mackenzie Delta. Total suspended sediment (TSS) and the dissolved and particulate fractions of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus were measured throughout the water year, stratified by hydrologically defined seasonal periods. Sampling was most frequent during the ice breakup and freshet periods to capture changes in sediment and nutrient concentrations that occurred with rapidly changing discharge. Our 4 year sampling coverage yielded constituent‐specific concentration‐discharge relationships that differed among seasonal hydrological periods for 6 of 12 constituents. Results revealed that having data from the rising‐water freshet, when ice effects drive much higher water levels for a given discharge than during open water, had a surprisingly modest effect on annual flux calculations for most constituents. The rising freshet, however, was dominated by high relative levels of C‐rich dissolved organic matter, P‐rich particles, and N‐rich inorganic nutrients. Comparisons with fluxes based on volume‐weighted means of sample concentrations revealed that most, though not all, river fluxes were strongly driven by short‐term concentration‐discharge dynamics rather than by total annual discharge. Comparisons with fluxes derived for the Mackenzie discharge record, where results from other years are available, suggest that concentration‐discharge relations may not be robust beyond the observation period in this system. Constituent fluxes herein differ from previously published fluxes for the Mackenzie (e.g., lower TSS, higher dissolved organic carbon), likely reflecting more frequent measurements, more representative characterization of differing hydrological periods, and possible changes in concentration‐discharge relations during the longer‐term Mackenzie record.
Inferring subsurface heterogeneity from push‐drift tracer tests
Authors: Hansen Scott K. , Vesselinov Velimir V. , Reimus Paul W. , Lu Zhiming 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe consider the late‐time tailing in a tracer test performed with a push‐drift methodology (i.e., quasi‐radial injection followed by drift under natural gradient). Numerical simulations of such tests are performed on 1000 multi‐Gaussian 2‐D log‐hydraulic conductivity field realizations of varying heterogeneity, each under eight distinct mean flow directions. The ensemble pdfs of solute return times are found to exhibit power law tails for each considered variance of the log‐hydraulic conductivity field,
. The tail exponent is found to relate straightforwardly to
and, within the parameter space we explored, to be independent of push‐phase pumping rate, pumping duration, and local‐scale dispersivity. We conjecture that individual push‐drift tracer tests in wells with screened intervals much greater than the vertical correlation length of the aquifer will exhibit quasi‐ergodicity and that their tail exponent may be used to infer
. We calibrate a predictive relationship of this sort from our Monte Carlo study, and apply it to data from a push‐drift test performed at a site of approximately known heterogeneity—closely matching the existing best estimate of heterogeneity.
Understanding Biological Molecules Behavior Using Fluorescence Recovery after Photobleaching
Authors: Harb Frédéric 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFluorescence techniques present a useful and novel method to study fixed and living cells because of its adjustability, specificity, and high sensibility. Fluorescence techniques can detect the fluorescence of labeled molecules in biological samples as images or photometric data that can explain, by analysis, a large variety of physiological processes. Using fluorescence properties, researchers improved various techniques that have enabled visualization and interpretation of complex dynamic events in cells, membranes, and other parts of the biological unit. One of these techniques is the fluorescence recovery after patterned photobleaching (FRAPP). First, a brief introduction into the mechanism underlying fluorescence as a physical phenomenon is given. Subsequently, this advanced technique is introduced in more detail, with a description of how this method is accomplished, what needs to be studied, and what practical advantages it can bring to cell biological research.
Animal Systems Biology: Towards a Systems View of Development inC. Elegans
Authors: Fernandez Anita , Piano Fabio , Gunsalus Kristin C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe nematode wormCaenorhabditis elegansis the pre‐eminent model for understanding animal development at a systems level. Embryonic development in particular has been studied intensively inC. elegans, and genes essential for early stages of embryogenesis and their specific phenotypes have been catalogued comprehensively. Combining these datasets with genome‐scale studies of gene expression and protein–protein interaction leads to modular views of how genes and their products collaborate to control fundamental processes in early development. Studying groups of genes as functional modules allows the higher order relationships between different biological processes to be observed and suggests how different events during development are coordinated. Here, we review the systems‐level approaches that have been used to study early development inC. elegansand how these are deepening our understanding of the complex molecular programmes underlying development.