bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profile of depression in women attending antenatal clinics in Blantyre District, Malawi
Authors: Chorwe-Sungani G. , Chipps J. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionDepression is one of major health problems affecting pregnant women in low resource settings. It can lead to poor uptake of antenatal services. Data about prevalence of antenatal depression and associated risk factors remain scanty in Malawi. The study settings were eight selected antenatal clinics in Blantyre district, Malawi. The aim of this study was to assess prevalence of antenatal depression and associated risk factors among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Blantyre district, Malawi.MethodsThis was a quantitative study which used a random sample of 97 pregnant women. Ethical approval was granted by relevant bodies. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse data.ResultsPrevalence of antenatal depression in Blantyre district was 25.8% (n = 25). Risk factors associated with antenatal depression included: “being distressed by anxiety or depression for more than two weeks during this pregnancy”; “feeling that pregnancy has been a positive experience”; “having a history of feeling miserable or depressed for two weeks or more before this pregnancy”; “relationship with partner is an emotionally supportive one”; “experiencing major stresses, changes or losses in the course of this pregnancy”; “having history of physical abuse when growing up”, and “having concerns about being or becoming a mother”.ConclusionThis study has shown that antenatal depression is prevalent in Malawi. It suggests that psychosocial interventions targeting pregnant women may be necessary to reduce antenatal depression and associated risk factors. However, further research regarding ways for assisting pregnant women to build and strengthen their psychosocial support structures is needed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Putting it all together: How disordered temporality is core to the phenomenology and neurobiology of mania
Authors: Schwartz M. , Schwartz E. , Moskalewicz M. 
Published: June 2017

Disturbances of temporality in mania, underemphasized in present-day accounts, are nonetheless core to understanding both the phenomenology and the neurobiology of the disorder:– phenomenology: already in 1954, Binswanger had articulated that persons with mania live almost exclusively in the present and hardly at all into the future. Especially in the larger scheme of things, their future is already here. There is no “advancing, developing or maturing,” anticipations have already been achieved, and all that I strive for is basically present if you will just get out of my way! A half century ago, Binswanger summed up the consequence of manic temporality: the manic self, not living into the future, “is not… an existential self.” This presentation will further describe phenomenological characteristics of such a self in mania;– findings from contemporary neuroscience correlate remarkably well with the above phenomenology, importantly clarifying present and future therapeutic interventions. Of critical importance in mania, clocks in our brains afford receptor sites for the lithium ion. Once bound to the receptor, lithium potently inhibits the circadian rhythm regulator glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) and profoundly alters the biological cascade that it initiates. In this presentation, by taking a close look, step-by-step, we will clarify how lithium disrupts mania rhythm dysregulation and restores a more “normalized” temporality. The consequence is no less than the return of the existential self. We will also briefly glance, in this presentation, at the window that lithium cellular efficacy offers for treatment options “after lithium.”Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Affective attitudes towards health are more ambivalent among older adolescents
Authors: Arina G. , Iosifyan M. , Pechnikova L. , Nikolaeva V. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAttitudinal ambivalence is a mediator between attitudes and health behaviors. The present study contributes to our understanding of affective attitudes ambivalence.ObjectivesWe studied the ambivalence of affective attitudes towards health among adolescents.AimsWe compared the affective attitudes ambivalence between younger (10–14 years) and older (15–16 years) adolescents.MethodsOlder (n = 51, Mage = 15.09 ± 0.30) and younger adolescents (n = 28, Mage = 12.96 ± 0.99) performed a modified Etkind Color Test. We calculated the associations between 13 factors related to health (e.g. sport, risky behavior) and positive emotions, as well as the associations between same factors and negative emotions. Thompson, Zanna and Griffin ambivalence index was a measure of attitudinal ambivalence.ResultsAmong younger adolescents all 13 correlations between negative and positive attitudes towards health related factors were significant and negative: −0.402 < r < −0.804 (which means the greater is the association between a word and positive emotions, the smaller is the association between the same word and negative emotions; and vice versa). Only 5 correlations were significant and negative among older adolescents (−0.209 < r < −0.463): environment, risky behaviors, family, sleep, my psychological well-being.The difference in ambivalence indexes was significant in two groups of adolescents [F(14,64) = 5.97, P = −0.0001]. Younger adolescents had significantly lower ambivalence indexes in affective attitudes towards all 13 factors.ConclusionsOlder adolescents had more ambivalent affective attitudes towards health related factors compared to younger adolescents.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The link between developmental psychiatry and dual disorders from early attachment to first drugs abuse
Authors: Garcia E. , Moreno R. , Tarjuelo B. 
Published: June 2017

Since Dual Disorders expression was used for the first time, the old dilemma between cathegorial and dimensional grew again as a main issue because many authors wondered about its utility. The question was how far we can speak about two different entities, because doing so we are assuming comorbidity instead of a complex syndrome, with different clinical presentations (i.e. Talking about fever and cough instead of pneumonia). Child and adolescence psychiatry uses developmental psychiatry as a very useful tool to understand patients. Syndromes are seen as dynamic as patients. At the same time that patients grow their clinical presentations, evolves new symptoms or signs. We have reviewed retrospectively a group of twenty parents that were named as dual disorders, with different substance abuse but a common path in their childhood; all of them were diagnosed of ADHD and Conduct Disorder. We chose them because of the differences that DSM, ICD and main researchers have about this group, which some consider better described as a Disocial hiperquinetic disorder (ICD) than a AHDH with a conduct disorder associated (DSM), comorbidity again. We agreed with ICD opinion and will discuss how in some way we are somehow as those blind people describing different parts of the same elephant when we talk sometimes about dual. Truth is that opposite dual view or its syndromic treatment developmental psychiatry has all the time underlined the role of reward circuits/executive functions as epigenetic issues, both modulated by gene and environment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Proportions of anxiety and depression symptoms in adult cleft patients and non-cleft patients with skeletal malocclusions
Authors: Medvedev V. , Fofanova Y. , Frolova V. , Drobyshev A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionDiagnosis and treatment of patients with craniofacial anomalies such as cleft lip and palate and skeletal malocclusions present a challenge to public health. Dentofacial abnormalities may be associated with depressive and anxiety disorders and poor quality of life.The aim of this screening study was to evaluate and to compare the rates of anxiety and depression in cleft patients and non-cleft patients with skeletal malocclusions.MethodsThe study used psychometric method-HADS and State Trait Anxiety Inventory were used. The first group consisted of cleft patients, the second group consisted of non-cleft patients with skeletal Class II, Class III and anterior open bite malocclusions; the third group was control.ResultsStudy sample consists of 42 patients (33 females; 24 ± 7.2 years). In the 1st group, anxiety symptoms were detected in 34.7%; depression symptoms - in 17.2% of patients, high rates of reactive anxiety were registered in 35.8%. In the 2nd group, anxiety symptoms were detected in 29.6% of patients; depression symptoms - in 13,1% of patients, high rates of reactive anxiety were registered in 34.2%. In the 3rd group anxiety (18.7%) and depression (8.3%) symptoms and high rates of reactive anxiety (17.7%) were registered significantly less often than in 1st and 2nd groups (P < 0.005, P < 0.001 and P < 0.001 respectively).ConclusionsOur data suggest that cleft-patients and non-cleft patients with skeletal malocclusions have statistically significant higher rates of anxiety and depression than controls and require orthodontic-surgical treatment that should be organized with the assistance of psychiatrist.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Causeless appearance discontentment in patients of plastic surgeons and cosmetologists: Risk factors and patterns of dynamics
Authors: Medvedev V. , Frolova V. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThough phenomenon of dysmorphic disorder has been studied extensively clinical dynamical characteristics of this disorder are still being investigated.Aim of this study was to evaluate patterns of dynamics and risk factors of body dysmorphic disorder in patients of plastic surgeons and cosmetologists.MethodsWe included adult patients of Maxillofacial Surgery and Cosmetology departments of Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry (from January 2010 to May 2016) with unconfirmed “facial deformity” diagnosed with dysmorphic disorder (F45.2 and F22.88 according to ICD-10). The study used clinical psychopathological method with follow-up period 1–3 years. Data from clinical psychopathological assessment were processed using correlation analysis and non-lineal regression analysis by means of logistic regression method.ResultsStudy sample consisted of 103 patients (78.6% female; mean age 33.4 ± 4.7 years). Statistically significant chronobiological (age, hormone fluctuations, genesial cycle) and psychosocial (financial changes, forced separation, bereavement, loss of job, reduction of social activity, conflict situation, sexual dysfunction, violation of law, diagnosing of somatic disease) risk factors for dysmorphia in different life periods have been established. Strong correlations were found between dysmorphic disorder heterogenic clinical picture (overvalued–33%, affective–24.3%, hypochondric–23.3%, obsessive-compulsive–10.7%, delusional–8.7%) and patterns of dynamics (phasic–41.7%, recurrent–33%, chronic–25.3%). Our data suggest that dysmorphia manifests in any age group and in 74.7% cases is not continuous.ConclusionOur findings allow to conduct focused diagnostic search, prophylactic psychotherapeutic interventions and early psychopharmacological treatment in individuals with identified risk factors for dysmorphic disorder.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Sjogren's syndrome in a patient previously diagnosed as seasonal affective disorder
Authors: Ceylan M.E. , Ünsalver B.Ö. , Evrensel A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionSjogren's syndrome (SS) is a common autoimmune disorder that is characterized by chronic inflammation of lachrymal and salivary glands. The well-known clinical manifestations of SS are dry eyes and dry mouth. However, the disease may first present itself with psychiatric symptoms, such as depressed mood, agitation or irritability.ObjectivesOur objective is to highlight the importance of systemic examination, including detailed biochemical workup in psychiatric patients with somatic complaints like fatigue and those patients with partial response to treatment.MethodsWe present a 35-years-old woman who had depressed mood, obsessions and compulsions, chronic fatigue, generalized muscle and joint pain, balance problems, weight loss, dry mouth and dry eyes for the past few years. Her symptoms would worsen during spring. She was diagnosed with seasonal affective depressive disorder and chronic fatigue and was started on mirtazapine 30 mg/day and venlafaxine 75 mg/day. She was partially responsive to this treatment. The detailed biochemical workup came 1/320 positive for anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA). The oral biopsy showed Sjogren's disease. Gluten sensitivity was found as well.ResultsThe patient was started on hydroxychloroquine sulfate 400 mg/day in addition to her anti-depressant medication. She was put on a gluten-free diet. She was in full remission in a month and had no depressive attack in spring. Her ANA decreased to 1/80.ConclusionPsychiatric syndromes may arise from different pathologies of the central nervous system. In patients with recurrent psychiatric syndromes or patients who are partially responsive to conventional treatment approaches further systemic evaluation of the patient is needed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Stories of exceptional survivors who visit aboriginal healers: Cross-cultural lessons for psychiatry
Authors: Mehl-Madrona L. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionIndigenous communities exist within most countries. These communities often have their own informal and invisible (to their mainstream neighbors) systems of health care. We wondered what happened to people who approached traditional community healers for help with mental health problems.MethodsWe interviewed 100 people who had received mental health diagnoses from conventional practitioners and then sought traditional community healers for help. We compared them to a matched population from a computer database who did not seek traditional healers. Patients who visited the healers did statistically significantly better than the comparison group. Panels of naïve graduate students evaluated patient interviews and picked themes that consistently emerged. Scenarios were developed to rate patients along these dimensions from “1” to “5”. New panels did the ratings. Comparisons were made between these 2 groups of people, and those who improved with healers had more change from before to after treatment on the dimensions of Present-centeredness; Forgiveness of others; Release of blame, bitterness, and chronic anger; Orientation to process versus outcome; Sense of Humor; Sense of Meaning and Purpose; and Faith and Hope. The patients who worked with the healers had a new and plausible (to the patient, his or her family, and the healers) explanation for why he or she got well, including a story reflecting a belief about how he or she can stay well; supportive community who believes in the person's cure.ConclusionsThe treatment provided by conventional healers produces measurable changes in several parameters associated with improved mental health.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Psychotic episode during a travel to Saint-Petersburg. A variation of Stendhal Syndrome
Authors: Zavala I. Rubio , García G. Martínez-Ales , Cornejo A. De Diego , Castro M.P. Sánchez , Domingo A. Fraga , Rojas I.I. Louzao , Ortiz M. Bravo 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionJourneys have been considered life-changing experiences since the first chronicles of humanity. Interest towards the relationship between travels and mental illness started off with the publication, in 1897, of Les aliénés voyageurs.Case reportWe report the case of a 52-year-old gentleman, married and without children, who works as a couch driver and has no past medical records. During a holiday trip, at his arrival to Saint Petersburg, he first experienced haze and cognitive and memory failures, along with malaise and sweating. The day after, while visiting the Hermitage museum, he underwent forthright auditive hallucinations, diffusion of thought phenomena and harm delusions. After ruling out diagnosable organic causes through CT scan, MRI and blood analyses including immunologic studies, he was put on olanzapine 10 mg/day with total symptomatic remission within 2 weeks.DiscussionStendhal syndrome, described back in 1989 by Dr. Magherini, refers to anxious, somatic and psychotic symptoms affecting tourists who visit Florence. The celebrated author, himself, experienced intense emotions due to an overdose of beauty at the Italian city. Further clinical pictures related to journeys include Jerusalem Syndrome and Way of Saint James Syndrome. Another entity, Paris Syndrome, differentially affects Japanese visitors, disappointed with the actual experience of visiting the French city.ConclusionDuring journeys, people often abandon everyday life in order to open up to unknown sights and feelings. These can eventually, lead to certain sorts of mental illness.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The role of disturbed circadian clocks in the development of depression-like behavior and metabolic comorbidity in mice
Authors: Landgraf D. , Barandas R. , Long J.E. , Proulx C.D. , McCarthy M.J. , Malinow R. , Welsh D.K. 
Published: June 2017

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is often associated with disturbed circadian rhythms. However, a definitive causal role for functioning circadian clocks in mood regulation has not been established. We stereotactically injected viral vectors encoding short hairpin RNA to knock down expression of the essential clock gene Bmal1 into the brain's master circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). In these SCN-specific Bmal1-knockdown (SCN-Bmal1-KD) mice, circadian rhythms were greatly attenuated in the SCN. In the learned helplessness paradigm, the SCN-Bmal1-KD mice were slower to escape, even before exposure to inescapable stress. They also spent more time immobile in the tail suspension test and less time in the lighted section of a light/dark box. The SCN-Bmal1-KD mice also showed an abnormal circadian pattern of corticosterone, and an attenuated increase of corticosterone in response to stress. Furthermore, they displayed greater weight gain, which is frequently observed in MDD patients. Since the circadian system controls important brain systems that regulate affective, cognitive, and metabolic functions, and neuropsychiatric and metabolic diseases are often correlated with disturbances of circadian rhythms, we hypothesize that dysregulation of circadian clocks plays a central role in metabolic comorbidity in psychiatric disorders. In fact, circadian rhythm disturbances have been linked to individual psychiatric and metabolic disorders, but circadian aspects of such disorders have not been considered previously in an integrated manner. Treating and preventing disturbances of circadian clocks in patients suffering psychiatric and metabolic symptoms may be a central element for therapies targeting both disorders concurrently.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Pathologies related to depression in elderly patients
Authors: Batistella J. , Hida G. , Malheiros D. , Rodrigues G. Taniguchi , Peláez F.J. Ropero , Magalhães J. , Taniguchi S. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe occurrence of chronic diseases, motor limitation, cognitive impairment and social isolation could be related to late life depression.ObjectiveTo describe the pathologies related to elderly patients with depression. To study possible relationship between depression and others pathologies in elderly patients.MethodsThis retrospective study included 124 geriatric patients enrolled in a private long-term care institution with mean age of 86.2 ± 6.5 years old, mean weight of 60.28 ± 2.00 kg and mean period of hospitalisation of 4.4 ± 2.3 years. For data analysis, double-entry tables and tests of proportion Qui-square were used.ResultsCardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine metabolic, skeletal muscle, sense organs, hematological, digestive tract; neuropsychological and genitourinary, diseases were analyzed.We observed a significant correlation between depression and endocrine-metabolic (P value of 0.0003), sense organs (P value of 9.298 E-5) and skeletal muscle pathologies (P value of 6.843 E-6)ConclusionsWe observed in that population that depression could be prevalent in elderly patients with endocrine-metabolic, sense organs and skeletal muscle pathologies.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Efficacy of an active implementation process of a computerized CPG of major depression disorder in primary care
Authors: Cavero M. , Monreal J.A. , Cardoner N. , Moreno M.D. , Solá V. Pérez- , Palao D. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe application of scientific evidence in clinical practice management of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is complex. Generally, the usual dissemination process and implementation of Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) induce modest changes. A computerized version of a Clinical Practice Guideline for Major Depression (e-CPG-MD) has been integrated in Electronic Clinical Records of Primary Care in Catalonia (Spain). It offers an opportunity to improve clinical results. The design allows access to precise help in the visit itself, improving diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effects of a multifaceted implementation process of e-CPG-MD, analysing their use and changes in MDD diagnosis.MethodsA cluster randomized clinical trial was performed in 10 primary care centers (PCC) in Barcelona. In five of ten centers, a multifaceted implementation process of the e-CPG-MD was developed during 6 month. The active process includes: interactive training program, regular feedback audit, educational outreach visits and periodic reminders.ResultsThe multifaceted implementation of e-CPG-MD was associated with a significant increase in use during the first 6 months (4.1% + 3.1% vs. 52.7% + 7.3%, P < 0.001). In the active centers, the MD diagnosis increased significantly (rate quotient = 1.56, P < 0.001) and the proportion of moderate and severe MD increased (13.6% vs 41.1%, P = 0.002).ConclusionsA multifaceted implementation method of e-CPG-MD increased significantly its use in active centers at 6 months. Diagnosis of MDD and the proportion of moderate and severe cases also increased significantly.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.