bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The right temporoparietal junction in attention and social interaction: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study
Authors: Krall Sarah C. , Volz Lukas J. , Oberwelland Eileen , Grefkes Christian , Fink Gereon R. , Konrad Kerstin 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) has been associated with the ability to reorient attention to unexpected stimuli and the capacity to understand others' mental states (theory of mind [ToM]/false belief). Using activation likelihood estimation meta‐analysis we previously unraveled that the anterior rTPJ is involved in both, reorienting of attention and ToM, possibly indicating a more general role in attention shifting. Here, we used neuronavigated transcranial magnetic stimulation to directly probe the role of the rTPJ across attentional reorienting and false belief. Task performance in a visual cueing paradigm and false belief cartoon task was investigated after application of continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) over anterior rTPJ (versus vertex, for control). We found that attentional reorienting was significantly impaired after rTPJ cTBS compared with control. For the false belief task, error rates in trials demanding a shift in mental state significantly increased. Of note, a significant positive correlation indicated a close relation between the stimulation effect on attentional reorienting and false belief trials. Our findings extend previous neuroimaging evidence by indicating an essential overarching role of the anterior rTPJ for both cognitive functions, reorienting of attention and ToM. Hum Brain Mapp 37:796–807, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Cost System Approach to the Stochastic Directional Technology Distance Function with Undesirable Outputs: The Case of us Banks in 2001–2010
Authors: Malikov Emir , Kumbhakar Subal C. , Tsionas Mike G. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThis paper offers a methodology to address the endogeneity of inputs in the directional technology distance function (DTDF)‐based formulation of banking technology which explicitly accommodates the presence of undesirable nonperforming loans—an inherent characteristic of the bank's production due to its exposure to credit risk. Specifically, we model nonperforming loans as an undesirable output in the bank's production process. Since the stochastic DTDF describing banking technology is likely to suffer from the endogeneity of inputs, we propose addressing this problem by considering a system consisting of the DTDF and the first‐order conditions from the bank's cost minimization problem. The first‐order conditions also allow us to identify the ‘cost‐optimal’ directional vector for the banking DTDF, thus eliminating the uncertainty associated with an ad hoc choice of the direction. We apply our cost system approach to the data on large US commercial banks for the 2001–2010 period, which we estimate via Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo methods subject to theoretical regularity conditions. We document dramatic distortions in banks' efficiency, productivity growth and scale elasticity estimates when the endogeneity of inputs is assumed away and/or the DTDF is fitted in an arbitrary direction. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancing effect of phenotype mutational robustness on adaptation in Escherichia coli
Authors: Rigato Emanuele , Fusco Giuseppe 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTTheoretical and computational studies predict a positive role for widespread phenotype resistance to genetic mutation, or “phenotype mutational robustness,” in enhancing adaptation to novel environments through the accumulation of cryptic genetic variation. However, this has not been verified through experimental evolution in biological systems at the level of whole organisms. In a short‐term evolution experiment of about 250 generations, we studied the adaptive performances of independently evolving populations of the bacterium Escherichia coli in two new nutritional environments, represented by minimal media with either lactate or glycerol as the sole carbon source. At the start of the experiments, all populations expressed identical phenotype, while differing for the amount of cryptic genetic variation, artificially produced by mutagenesis. We found that cryptic genetic variation can promote significantly faster adaptation to a new nutritional environment in E. coli. The scale of this effect varies between the two environments, and correlates with an estimation of the phenotype robustness of the ability to grow in a given medium, based on survival rate after mutagenesis in the same medium. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 326B:31–37, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of radial shock wave therapy for carpal tunnel syndrome: A prospective randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Wu Yung‐Tsan , Ke Ming‐Jen , Chou Yu‐Ching , Chang Chih‐Ya , Lin Ching‐Yueh , Li Tsung‐Ying , Shih Feng‐Mei , Chen Liang‐Cheng 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThree recent studies demonstrated the positive effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) for treating carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). However, none have entirely proved the effects of ESWT on CTS because all studies had a small sample size and lacked a placebo‐controlled design. Moreover, radial ESWT (rESWT) has not been used to treat CTS. We conducted a prospective randomized, controlled, double‐blinded study to assess the effect of rESWT for treating CTS. Thirty‐four enrolled patients (40 wrists) were randomized into intervention and control groups (20 wrists in each). Participants in the intervention group underwent three sessions of rESWT with nightly splinting, whereas those in the control group underwent sham rESWT with nightly splinting. The primary outcome was visual analog scale (VAS), whereas the secondary outcomes included the Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire (BCTQ), cross‐sectional area (CSA) of the median nerve, sensory nerve conduction velocity of the median nerve, and finger pinch strength. Evaluations were performed before treatment and at 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after the third rESWT session. A significantly greater improvement in the VAS, BCTQ scores, and CSA of the median nerve was noted in the intervention group throughout the study as compared to the control group (except for BCTQ severity at week 12 and CSA at weeks 1 and 4) (p < 0.05). This is the first study to assess rESWT in a randomized placebo‐controlled trial and demonstrate that rESWT is a safe and effective method for relieving pain and disability in patients with CTS. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:977–984, 2016.
The impact of elevated CO2 and temperature on grain quality of rice grown under open‐air field conditions
Authors: Jing Liquan , Wang Juan , Shen Shibo , Wang Yunxia , Zhu Jianguo , Wang Yulong , Yang Lianxin 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDRising atmospheric CO2 is accompanied by global warming. However, interactive effects of elevated CO2 and temperature have not been well studied on grain quality of rice. A japonica cultivar was grown in the field using a free‐air CO2 enrichment facility in combination with a canopy air temperature increase system in 2014. The gas fumigation (200 µmol mol−1 above ambient CO2) and temperature increase (1 °C above ambient air temperature) were performed from tillering until maturity.RESULTSCompared with the control (ambient CO2 and air temperature), elevated CO2 increased grain length and width as well as grain chalkiness but decreased protein concentrations. In contrast, the increase in canopy air temperature had less effect on these parameters except for grain chalkiness. The starch pasting properties of rice flour and taste analysis of cooked rice indicated that the palatability of rice was improved by CO2 and/or temperature elevation, with the combination of the two treatments showing the most significant changes compared with ambient rice.CONCLUSIONIt is concluded that projected CO2 in 2050 may have larger effects on rice grain quality than the projected temperature increase. Although deterioration in milling suitability, grain appearance and nutritional quality can be expected, the taste of cooked rice might be better in the future environment. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of meat from young Nellore bulls fed different levels of palm kernel cake
Authors: Santana Filho Nivaldo B , Oliveira Ronaldo L , Cruz Cláudia H , Leão André G , Ribeiro Ossival L , Borja Máikal S , Silva Thadeu M , Abreu Claudilene L 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDPalm kernel cake is a biodiesel byproduct and an alternative feed additive in cattle production. This study evaluated the effects of palm kernel cake added to bulls' diets on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of their meat. Thirty‐two young Nellore bulls were used, distributed in a randomized experimental design with four treatments: 0, 7, 14 or 21% (w/w) palm kernel cake in the dry matter of the diet. Hay was used at 35% (w/w) in the diets, which were balanced to provide 150 g kg−1 crude protein and 33 Mcal kg−1 metabolizable energy.RESULTSThe moisture (P = 0.40), ash (P = 0.70), protein (P = 0.10) and ether extract (P = 0.31) contents of the meat samples were not affected by the inclusion of palm kernel cake. The qualitative characteristics of the meat, including pH (P = 0.69), water‐holding capacity (P = 0.22), cooking loss (P = 0.14), shear force (P = 0.32) and instrumental color indices L* (P = 0.75), a* (P = 0.44) and b* (P = 0.41), were not affected by the substitution of palm kernel cake for soybean meal.CONCLUSIONPalm kernel cake may be included at up to 21% (w/w) in cattle feed without compromising the physicochemical, sensory and acceptance characteristics of the meat. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of different drying technologies on drying characteristics and quality of red pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.): a comparative study
Authors: Cao Zhen‐zhen , Zhou Lin‐yan , Bi Jin‐feng , Yi Jian‐yong , Chen Qin‐qin , Wu Xin‐ye , Zheng Jin‐kai , Li Shu‐rong 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDHot air drying and sun drying are traditional drying technologies widely used in the drying of agricultural products for a long time, but usually recognized as time‐consuming or producing lower‐quality products. Infrared drying is a rather effective drying technology that has advantages over traditional drying technologies. Thus, in order to investigate the application of infrared drying in the dehydration of red pepper, the drying characteristics and quality of infrared‐dried red pepper were compared with those of sun‐dried and hot air‐dried red pepper.RESULTSThe infrared drying technology significantly enhanced the drying rate when compared with hot air drying and sun drying. Temperature was the most important factor affecting the moisture transfer during the process of infrared drying as well as hot air drying. Effective moisture diffusivity (Deff) values of infrared drying ranged from 1.58 × 10−9 to 3.78 × 10−9 m2 s−1. The Ea values of infrared drying and hot air drying were 42.67 and 44.48 kJ mol−1 respectively. Infrared drying and hot air drying produced color loss to a similar extent. Relatively higher crispness values were observed for infrared‐dried samples.CONCLUSIONSun drying produced dried red pepper with the best color when compared with hot air drying and infrared drying. Meanwhile, infrared drying markedly improved the drying rate at the same drying temperature level of hot air drying, and the products obtained had relatively better quality with higher crispness values. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Development of an immunochromatographic test strip for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative detection of ochratoxin A and zearalenone in cereal
Authors: Sun Yaning , Xing Guangxu , Yang Jifei , Wang Fangyu , Deng Ruiguang , Zhang Gaiping , Hu Xiaofei , Zhang Yong 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDOchratoxin A (OTA) and zearalenone (ZEN) are natural products of filamentous fungi that are harmful to humans and animals exposed to them even in extremely low concentration. The immunochromatographic test strip has become a popular diagnostic tool for detecting analytes. Its major advantages are that results can be obtained within 5–10 min, all needed reagents are included in the strip and it can be used to detect OTA and ZEN contamination in spots. In this study a colloidal gold‐based immunochromatographic test strip of competitive format was developed for the rapid simultaneous qualitative and quantitative detection of OTA and ZEN in corn and other cereals.RESULTSThe test strip results with the naked eye showed that the sensitivities were 6 µg kg−1 OTA and 20 µg kg−1 ZEN in cereal, while those with a TSR3000 membrane strip reader showed that the IC50 values of OTA and ZEN were 1.7905 and 4.3514 ng mL−1 and the lower detection limit (LDL) values were 0.7697 and 1.2000 µg kg−1 respectively. These results were confirmed by high‐performance liquid chromatography.CONCLUSIONThe immunochromatographic test strip developed in this study could be used for the rapid simultaneous, qualitative and quantitative screening of OTA and ZEN in corn samples. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Assessment of curing behavior of light‐activated dental composites using intensity correlation based multiple reference optical coherence tomography
Authors: Dsouza Roshan , Subhash Hrebesh , Neuhaus Kai , Kantamneni Ramakrishna , McNamara Paul M. , Hogan Josh , Wilson Carol , Leahy Martin 
Published: November 2015

Background and ObjectivesMonitoring the curing kinetics of light‐activated resin is a key area of research. These resins are used in restorative applications and particularly in dental applications. They can undergo volumetric shrinkage due to poor control of the depth dependent curing process, modulated by the intensity and duration of the curing light source. This often results in the formation of marginal gaps, causing pain and damage to the restoration site. In this study, we demonstrate the capabilities of a correlation method applied using a multiple references optical coherence tomography (MR‐OCT) architecture to monitor the curing of the resin.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA MR‐OCT system is used in this study to monitor the curing of the resin. The system operates at the center wavelength of 1310 nm with an A‐scan rate of 1200 A‐scans per second. The axial and lateral resolution of the system is ∼13 μm and ∼27 μm. The method to determine the intensity correlation between adjacent B‐frames is based on the Pearson correlation coefficient for a region of interest. Calculating the correlation coefficient for multiple B‐frames related to the first B‐frame at regular spaced time points, shows for a noncured resin a reduction of the correlation coefficient over time due to Brownian motion. The time constant of the reduction of the correlation value is a measure for the progress of the polymerization during LED light irradiation of the resin. The proposed approach is potentially a low‐cost, powerful and unique optical imaging modality for measuring the curing behavior of dental resin and other resins, coatings, and adhesives in medical and industrial applications.ResultsTo demonstrate the proposed method to monitor the curing process, a light‐activated resin composite from GRADIA DIRECT ANTERIOR (GC Corporation, Japan) is studied. The curing time of resin was measured and monitored as a function of depth. The correlation coefficient method is highly sensitive to Brownian motion. The process of curing results in a change in intensity as measured by the MR‐OCT signal and hence can be monitored using this method.ConclusionsThese results show that MR‐OCT has the potential to measure the curing time and monitor the curing process as a function of depth. Moreover, MR‐OCT as a product has potential to be compact, low‐cost and to fit into a smartphone. Using such a device for monitoring the curing of the resin will be suitable for dentists in stationary and mobile clinical settings. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:77–82, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Dice co‐efficient: a neglected verification performance measure for deterministic forecasts of binary events
Authors: Jolliffe Ian T. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTWhen deterministic forecasts of binary events are made, there are circumstances in which the number of ‘correct rejections’, d, is difficult to define or is so large that it will dominate in calculations of most performance measures. For this reason it is sometimes desirable to use a measure that is independent of d. The usual measure of choice in meteorology is a/(a + b + c), variously known as the threat score, or the critical success index (CSI), where a, b, c are the numbers of hits, false alarms and misses respectively. An alternative measure that is in common use in ecology is the Dice co‐efficient 2a/(2a + b + c), but it does not appear to have been used in meteorology. The aim of this note is to introduce the Dice co‐efficient to a meteorological audience with a brief history, and compare its properties with those of the CSI. The two measures share many properties, both good and bad, but the Dice co‐efficient has some appealing interpretations not shared by the CSI. In particular, it can be calculated by dividing the number of hits by the average of ‘total number of events observed’ and ‘total number of events forecasted’. It is also obtained as the harmonic mean of the hit rate a/(a + c) and the frequency of hits a/(a + b).
Response of energy consumption for building heating to climatic change and variability in Tianjin City, China
Authors: Li Mingcai , Cao Jingfu , Guo Jun , Niu Jide , Xiong Mingming 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThe present paper concerns the impact of climate on building heating energy consumption for different types of energy in Tianjin, a large city in northern China. The results show that heating energy consumption is dominantly related to dry bulb temperature (DBT), but the impacts vary with energy types and time scales (day, month or year). DBT can explain 97.7% of the coal consumption at different time scales and 83.0–89.7% of the natural gas consumption. DBT can also account for 25% of the daily and monthly heating electricity consumption and 89% of the annual heating electricity consumption. These results suggest that different measures for building energy conservation should be taken because of the differing climate impacts for different energy types. Especially, likely increase in temperature in the future should be considered to improve the energy efficiency of buildings. In addition, different models should be used to predict building energy consumption at different time scales. This would be helpful for energy policy makers and energy providers for adjusting energy use strategies.
Toe resurfacing with a thin thoracodorsal artery perforator flap
Authors: Kim Youn Hwan , Kim Ki Ho , Sung Kun‐Yong , Kim Jeong Tae , Kim Sang Wha 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundIn toe reconstruction, amputation procedures are much more common than salvage procedures. However, toe resurfacing, rather than amputation, provides superior functional and aesthetic results. In this study, we report the clinical outcomes of toe resurfacing using a thin thoracodorsal artery perforator flap.Patients and methodsBetween January 2004 and June 2013, a total of 15 patients underwent toe resurfacing using thoracodorsal artery perforator flaps. Thin flaps were harvested by discarding the deep adipose layer. Twelve cases involved a great toe defect, three, a second toe defect, three, a third toe defect, and one, a fourth toe defect. Patient ages ranged from 19 to 82 years (mean, 42.9 years). The mechanism of injury varied, including crushing injury, degloving injury, and diabetic foot infection.ResultsThe size of thoracodorsal artery perforator flap ranged from 4 × 3 to 20 × 8 cm2 and the thickness of the flap ranged from 4 to 9 mm (mean, 6.5 mm). All flap survived completely without complications. The mean follow‐up period was 18.8 months (range, 12–60 months). Only one patient with rheumatoid arthritis had mild gait disturbance. All patients were satisfied with the aesthetic and functional results.ConclusionToe resurfacing with thin thoracodorsal artery perforator flaps appears to be a safer and more reliable option than amputation for preserving their function. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 37:312–318, 2017.
Expression analysis of Cdx2 and Pou5f1 in a marsupial, the stripe‐faced dunnart, during early development
Authors: Familari Mary , Au Phil Chi Khang , de Iongh Robb U. , Cruz Yolanda , Selwood Lynne 
Published: November 2015

SUMMARYThe first lineage allocation during mouse development forms the trophectoderm and inner cell mass, in which Cdx2 and Pou5f1 display reciprocal expression. Yet Cdx2 is not required for trophectoderm specification in other mammals, such as the human, cow, pig, or in two marsupials, the tammar and opossum. The role of Cdx2 and Pou5f1 in the first lineage allocation of Sminthopsis macroura, the stripe‐faced dunnart, is unknown. In this study, expression of Cdx2 and Pou5f1 during oogenesis, development from cleavage to blastocyst stages, and in the allocation of the first three lineages was analyzed for this dunnart. Cdx2 mRNA was present in late antral‐stage oocytes, but not present again until Day 5.5. Pou5f1 mRNA was present from primary follicles to zygotes, and then expression resumed starting at the early unilaminar blastocyst stage. All cleavage stages and the pluriblast and trophoblast cells co‐expressed CDX2 and POU5F1 proteins, which persisted until early stages of hypoblast formation. Hypoblast cells also show co‐localisation of POU5F1 and CDX2 once they were allocated, and this persisted during their division and migration. Our studies suggest that CDX2, and possibly POU5F1, are maternal proteins, and that the first lineage to differentiate is the trophoblast, which differentiates to trophectoderm after shell loss one day before implantation. In the stripe‐faced dunnart, cleavage cells, as well as trophoblast and pluriblast cells, are polarized, suggesting the continued presence of CDX2 in both lineages until late blastocyst stages may play a role in the formation and maintenance of polarity. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 108–123, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.