bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of cross-validation and bootstrap aggregating for building a seasonal streamflow forecast model
Authors: Schick Simon , Rössler Ole , Weingartner Rolf 
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Based on a hindcast experiment for the period 1982–2013 in 66 sub-catchments of the Swiss Rhine, the present study compares two approaches of building a regression model for seasonal streamflow forecasting. The first approach selects a single "best guess" model, which is tested by leave-one-out cross-validation. The second approach implements the idea of bootstrap aggregating, where bootstrap replicates are employed to select several models, and out-of-bag predictions provide model testing. The target value is mean streamflow for durations of 30, 60 and 90 days, starting with the 1st and 16th day of every month. Compared to the best guess model, bootstrap aggregating reduces the mean squared error of the streamflow forecast by seven percent on average. Thus, if resampling is anyway part of the model building procedure, bootstrap aggregating seems to be a useful strategy in statistical seasonal streamflow forecasting. Since the improved accuracy comes at the cost of a less interpretable model, the approach might be best suited for pure prediction tasks, e.g. as in operational applications.
Public Space Update. Report from the United States
Authors: Crawford Margaret 
Published: October 2016

Like everything else in this large and disparate country, public space, as a movement and as a collection of physical places is highly varied and unequally distributed. Even so, over the last decade public space in both senses has moved to the forefront of American urbanism. In terms of academic debates, the narratives of decline that dominated discussions of public space since the 1990s have been replaced with expanded definitions of public space. The number of actual new public spaces, public events and support for them has grown exponentially over the last decade. These spaces continue to attract large numbers of people. For design professionals, this has meant new opportunities to connect their practices with the larger public realm. At the same time, however, critics have raised important questions about their inclusivity and ability to promote genuine social interaction.
ADHESION FAILURE OF RUBBER/METAL COMPOSITES UNDERGOING CORROSION
Authors: Ismail I. , Harun M. K. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Rubber/metal composites are known to be highly durable in a normal atmospheric condition. However, when they are exposed to an aggressive environment such as the marine environment, they tend to fail prematurely. The failure is usually caused by the loss of adhesion of the rubber to metal substrate. The aim of this work is to elucidate the adhesion failure mechanism by using a commercial bonding system for bonded rubber/metal exposed in a marine environment. A simulation study that was carried out through a salt spray test indicated that corrosion of the exposed metal substrates induced the loss of adhesion through cathodic disbonding. Laboratory exposure in alkaline medium, cathodic disbonding, and anodic undermining tests suggested that the hydroxyl ions generated from corrosion reactions contributed to the adhesion failure.
Hvad taler vi om, når vi taler om Bernhard?
Authors: Nielsen Nielsen , Frantzen Mikkel Krause 
Published: October 2016

Nielsen & Mikkel Krause Frantzen: “What do We Talk about When We Talk about Thomas Bernhard?”What do we talk about when we talk about Thomas Bernhard? What does Bernhard himself talk about when he talks? And goes on talking? To us and in us and far beyond us? What is it? What? Acting as the two cerebral hemispheres in a Bernhard caused concussion, Nielsen and Mikkel Krause Frantzen (each deeply lost in his own sphere and yet generating some sort of interference and reverberation between the two), try to recover by laying bare the sense of reading Bernhard: Why are we laughing, what exactly is it that makes us laugh, and what is it that finally, towards the End, always touches us, deeply, when we read and read and read Thomas Bernhard? This attempt leads through the canonized and dangerously infecting écriture-voice of Bernhard, through the self-creating self-destruction, the status of suicide and the absolute Truth, the excited misanthropy versus human compassion, the triangle of depression, melancholia & mania, the state of walking versus the state of getting nowhere at high speed, not to mention the scandal of the toilets in Austrian restaurants. And – of course – it all ends in the deadly Bernhardian laughter and Austria as the only qualified heavenly hell on earth.
Anisotropy effects on the performance of wurtzite GaN impact-ionization-avalanche-transit-time diodes
Authors: Dai Yang , Yang Lin’an , Xu Shengrui , Hao Yue 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
We demonstrate that a GaN impact-ionization-avalanche-transit-time (IMPATT) diode exhibits a higher frequency and a wider bandwidth in the basal plane (Γ–M direction) than along the c-axis (Γ–A direction). Because of the better efficiency, RF power, and negative resistance performance at a high frequency, the use of the diode in the Γ–M direction is more appropriate for high-frequency operation. In addition, the diodes are cut off when the specific contact resistances are ∼10−6 and ∼10−5 Ω·cm2. Thus, the very high specific contact resistance of p-type GaN of about ∼10−4 Ω·cm2 provides an important limitation to the fabrication of pn junction GaN IMPATT diodes.
Electronic properties of pentaorgano[60]fullerenes under an external electric field
Authors: Furutani Sho , Okada Susumu 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The electronic properties of pentaorgano[60]fullerene under an external electric field were studied by combining the density functional theory with the effective screening medium method. Pentaorgano[60]fullerene possess a dipole moment because of their asymmetric molecular form owing to their five functionalized groups. When electrons and holes are injected into the molecule, the magnetic states of the molecule change from S = 1/2 to nonmagnetic and S = 1 triplet states for electron and hole doping, respectively. The asymmetric molecular shape causes the unusual distribution of the accumulated carriers depending on their mutual molecular arrangement in the electric field.
Voice-Activated Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia
Authors: Starling Claire M. , Greenberg Daniel , Lewin Daniel , Shaw Callen , Zhou Eric S. , Lieberman Daniel , Chou Jiling , Arem Hannah 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceInsomnia symptoms affect an estimated 30% to 50% of the 4 million US breast cancer survivors. Previous studies have shown the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), but high insomnia prevalence suggests continued opportunities for delivery via new modalities.ObjectiveTo determine the efficacy of a CBT-I–informed, voice-activated, internet-delivered program for improving insomnia symptoms among breast cancer survivors.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this randomized clinical trial, breast cancer survivors with insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index [ISI] score &amp;gt;7) were recruited from advocacy and survivorship groups and an oncology clinic. Eligible patients were females aged 18 years or older who had completed curative treatment more than 3 months before enrollment and had not undergone other behavioral sleep treatments in the prior year. Individuals were assessed for eligibility and randomized between March 2022 and October 2023, with data collection completed by December 2023.InterventionParticipants were randomized 1:1 to a smart speaker with a voice-interactive CBT-I program or educational control for 6 weeks.Main Outcomes and MeasuresLinear mixed models and Cohen d estimates were used to evaluate the primary outcome of changes in ISI scores and secondary outcomes of sleep quality, wake after sleep onset, sleep onset latency, total sleep time, and sleep efficiency.ResultsOf 76 women enrolled (38 each in the intervention and control groups), 70 (92.1%) completed the study. Mean (SD) age was 61.2 (9.3) years; 49 (64.5%) were married or partnered, and participants were a mean (SD) of 9.6 (6.8) years from diagnosis. From baseline to follow-up, ISI scores changed by a mean (SD) of −8.4 (4.7) points in the intervention group compared with −2.6 (3.5) in the control group (P &amp;lt; .001) (Cohen d, 1.41; 95% CI, 0.87-1.94). Sleep diary data showed statistically significant improvements in the intervention group compared with the control group for sleep quality (0.56; 95% CI, 0.39-0.74), wake after sleep onset (9.54 minutes; 95% CI, 1.93-17.10 minutes), sleep onset latency (8.32 minutes; 95% CI, 1.91-14.70 minutes), and sleep efficiency (−0.04%; 95% CI, −0.07% to −0.01%) but not for total sleep time (0.01 hours; 95% CI, −0.27 to 0.29 hours).Conclusions and RelevanceThis randomized clinical trial of an in-home, voice-activated CBT-I program among breast cancer survivors found that the intervention improved insomnia symptoms. Future studies may explore how this program can be taken to scale and integrated into ambulatory care.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05233800
Survival Outcomes Among Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Large Integrated US Health System
Authors: Yilma Mignote , Houhong Xu Richie , Saxena Varun , Muzzin Monica , Tucker Lue-Yen , Lee Jeffrey , Mehta Neil , Mukhtar Nizar 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading oncologic cause of death among patients with cirrhosis, but large studies examining mortality trends are lacking.ObjectiveTo evaluate survival among patients with HCC in one of the largest integrated health care systems in the US.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study included 3441 adult patients who received a diagnosis of HCC between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2019, with end of follow-up on December 31, 2020. The study period was further categorized as era 1, defined as 2006 to 2012, and era 2, defined as 2013 to 2019. Statistical analysis was conducted from January 2021 to June 2024.ExposuresPatient demographic characteristics and disease factors.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAll-cause and HCC-specific mortality were used as primary end points, and survival probabilities were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were adjusted for age at diagnosis, sex, race and ethnicity, cause of disease, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage, alpha-fetoprotein level, and treatment type.ResultsOf 3441 patients with HCC, 2581 (75.0%) were men, and the median age was 65 years (IQR, 58-73 years). A total of 1195 patients (34.7%) received curative treatment, 1374 (39.9%) received noncurative treatment, and 872 (25.3%) received no treatment. During the study period, 2500 patients (72.7%) experienced all-cause mortality, and 1809 (52.6%) had HCC-specific mortality. In multivariable analysis, being 70 years of age or older (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 1.39; 95% CI, 1.22-1.59), male sex (AHR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.07-1.35), BCLC stage C or D (AHR, 2.40; 95% CI, 2.15-2.67), increasing alpha-fetoprotein level (vs &amp;lt;20 ng/mL; 20-99 ng/mL: AHR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.04-1.38; ≥1000 ng/mL: AHR, 2.84; 95% CI, 2.45-3.25), noncurative treatment (AHR, 2.51; 95% CI, 2.16-2.90), and no treatment (AHR, 3.15; 95% CI, 2.64-3.76) were associated with higher all-cause mortality, while Asian or Other Pacific Islander race and ethnicity (vs non-Hispanic White; AHR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.65-0.88) was associated with lower all-cause mortality. Survival improved in diagnosis era 2 (2013-2019; n = 2007) compared with diagnosis era 1 (2006-2012; n = 1434).Conclusions and RelevanceThis large, racially and ethnically diverse cohort study of patients with HCC found improving survival over time, especially among individuals with early-stage HCC receiving potentially curative treatments. This study highlights the importance of surveillance for detection of HCC at early stages, particularly among groups at risk for poorer outcomes.
Hospital Readmissions Among Infants With Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome
Authors: Gaither Julie R. , Drago Matthew J. , Grossman Matthew R. , Li Yi , Shabanova Veronika , Xu Xiao , Leventhal John M. 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceAlthough cases of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) increased 5-fold in recent years, no study has examined national hospital readmission rates for these infants.ObjectiveTo examine hospital readmissions for infants with and without NOWS.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study analyzed serial cross-sectional samples of US hospital discharge records from the Nationwide Readmissions Database for calendar years 2016 to 2020. Infants with NOWS were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. The data analysis was performed between January 5, 2023, and May 6, 2024.ExposureNeonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome.Main Outcome and MeasuresSurvey-weighted logistic regression was used to examine 90-day all-cause and cause-specific hospital readmissions. Multivariable models adjusted for sex, low birth weight, gestational age, multiple gestation, type of insurance, and year of birth.ResultsOf the 13 855 246 newborns identified in this weighted analysis, 89 018 (0.6%) were diagnosed with NOWS, of whom 53.8% were male and 81.1% born full-term (&amp;gt;36 weeks gestation). The 90-day all-cause readmission rate was 4.2% for infants with NOWS compared with 3.0% for those without NOWS (P &amp;lt; .001). After risk adjustment, the odds of all-cause readmission were higher among infants with NOWS (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.18; 95% CI, 1.08-1.29). Infants with NOWS had significantly higher odds of readmissions for seizures (AOR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.01-2.46), failure to thrive (AOR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.36-2.93), traumatic brain injury (AOR, 2.95; 95% CI, 1.76-4.93), and skull fractures (AOR 3.72; 95% CI, 2.33-5.93). Infants with NOWS had higher odds of receiving a diagnosis of confirmed maltreatment (AOR, 4.26; 95% CI, 2.19-8.27), including for neglect (AOR, 14.18; 95% CI, 5.55-36.22) and physical abuse (AOR, 2.42; 95% CI, 0.93-6.29); however, the latter finding was not statistically significant.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this nationally representative cohort study, infants with NOWS were at increased risk of readmission for any cause as well as for trauma and confirmed maltreatment. These findings may in part reflect the dual stressors that mothers with opioid use disorder face in caring for a newborn with NOWS in the context of a substance use disorder and underscore the need for family-based, in-home services that focus concurrently on substance use treatment and parenting support.
Association Between 25‐hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Madanchi Nima , Fava Andrea , Goldman Daniel W. , Magder Laurence S. , Petri Michelle 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveWe evaluated the association of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels with adverse pregnancy outcomes in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsThe Hopkins Lupus Cohort includes visits of pregnant patients, including assessment of 25(OH)D levels at each visit. We examined the relationship between 25(OH)D levels and adverse pregnancy outcomes (miscarriage, preterm delivery, and small for gestational age). We also used a time‐to‐event analysis to assess whether time‐varying of 25(OH)D levels were associated with time to miscarriage or preterm delivery.ResultsIn subgroups of patients defined by the average of 25(OH)D levels, we observed significantly different risks of miscarriage (P = 0.0045), preterm delivery (P = 0.0007), and the composite measure of all three adverse pregnancy outcomes (P = 0.011). The highest risks were observed among those with the lowest or highest levels of vitamin D. Nine of 10 pregnant patients with low vitamin D levels during the second trimester resulted in having a premature delivery. The time‐to‐event model confirmed the same U‐shaped association after adjustment for SLE disease activity; however, the increased risk among those with highest levels of vitamin D was not statistically significant. Body mass index did not appear to be a confounding factor.ConclusionOur study is not able to prove causation, but the results strongly suggest an association of 25(OH)D at both lower and higher levels with adverse pregnancy outcomes. We recommend the monitoring of maternal serum 25(OH)D levels during SLE pregnancies, aiming for the ideal range of 40 to 59 ng/mL.
Reprocessable and Mechanically Tailored Soft Architectures Through 3D Printing of Elastomeric Block Copolymers
Authors: Fergerson Alice S. , Gorse Benjamin H. , Maguire Shawn M. , Ostermann Emily C. , Davidson Emily C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) are nanostructured, melt‐processable, elastomeric block copolymers. When TPEs that form cylindrical or lamellar nanostructures are macroscopically oriented, their material properties can exhibit several orders of magnitude of anisotropy. Here it is demonstrated that the flows applied during the 3D printing of a cylinder‐forming TPE enable hierarchical control over material nanostructure and function. It is demonstrated that 3D printing allows for control over the extent of nanostructural and mechanical anisotropy and that thermal annealing of 3D printed structures leads to highly anisotropic properties (up to 85 × anisotropic tensile modulus). This approach is leveraged to print functional soft 3D architectures with tunable local and macroscopic mechanical responses. Further, these printed TPEs intrinsically achieve melt‐reprocessability over multiple cycles, reprogrammability, and robust self‐healing via a brief period of thermal annealing, enabling facile fabrication of highly tunable, robust, and recyclable soft architectures.
A Novel Targeted Microtubules Transformable Nanopeptide System Yields Strong Anti‐Prostate Cancer Effects by Suppressing Nuclear Translocation of Androgen Receptors
Authors: Wang Lu , Kong Bin , Wang Jiaqi , Yang Guang , Wu Xiuhai , Zang Jiahui , Li Cong , Wang Xinyue , Si Minggui , Wang Zhijia , Liu Pan , Wang Yuting , Chen Huilin , Liu Feng , Yang Pei‐Pei , Wang Lei , Wang Hao , Xu Wanhai 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe extended use of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) may often lead to the progression from castration‐sensitive prostate cancer (CSPC) to castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in prostate cancer. To address this, it is essential to inhibit the nuclear translocation of the androgen receptor (AR) as part of an effective disease‐modifying strategy. Microtubules play a central role in facilitating AR nuclear translocation, highlighting their importance as a therapeutic target. In this regard, a designated as the targeted microtubules transformable nanopeptide system (MTN) is developed. This system is designed to disrupt microtubule structure and function through dual‐targeting of prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and β‐tubulin. Initially, MTN targets prostate cells via PSMA and then specifically binds to β‐tubulin within microtubules, leading to the formation of nanofibers. These nanofibers subsequently induce the polymerization of microtubules, thereby disrupting AR transport. Notably, MTN exhibits efficient and prolonged suppression of prostate cancer across the spectrum from CSPC to CRPC, with a highly favorable safety profile in normal cells. These findings highlight the potential of MTN as a novel and promising approach for comprehensive prostate cancer therapy throughout its entire progression.
Pressure‐Regulated Photovoltaic Response in Antimony Triiodide With Asymmetric Metal Contact
Authors: Xing Shengyang , Chen Shuxin , Fang Sixue , Tian Fuyu , Li Zonglun , Jin Xilian , Li Quanjun , Liu Bingbing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe effective modification of photovoltaic activities in photoelectric devices is significant for enhancing energy conversion efficiency. Here, the pressure‐tunable photovoltaic properties in the SbI3 device with Au/Pt asymmetric electrodes are demonstrated. At initial pressure, the SbI3 device exhibits an anticipated self‐driven photoresponse characteristic at zero external bias, and a significant enhancement in photocurrent response is observed with increasing bias to −0.2 V, nearly two orders of magnitude higher than the initial value. With increasing pressure, the SbI3 device exhibits tunable photocurrent response, reaching a maximum value at ≈1.2 GPa, while the photovoltage response decreases monotonously during compression, which is closely associated with the dynamic evolution of the work function and bandgap of SbI3 upon successive compression. These findings signify that SbI3 is a promising candidate for future photoelectric devices, which opens a new window of opportunity for further exploration, regulation, and understanding of high‐performance photovoltaic devices under extreme conditions.
Ultrahigh Thermal Rectification at Small Temperature Difference Achieved by Near‐Field Thermal Photon Manipulation
Authors: Deng Yan , Shi Kezhang , Bao Fanglin , Antezza Mauro , Evans Julian , He Sailing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThermal diodes, which allow heat to flow in a preferential direction, are an essential component of thermal circuitry and will find applications in many fields ranging from thermal photon controls to quantum information. The quality of a thermal diode is defined by the thermal rectification ratio (TRR). Here, an ultrahigh TRR exceeding 105 at a small temperature difference (1–5 K) is presented based on near‐field thermal photon (NFTP) manipulation, by utilizing asymmetric gap‐variated dual terminals based on graphene/Si heterostructures and materials with contrasting thermal expansion coefficients. Analyses of the photon tunneling probability show that the colossal TRR comes from coupled and decoupled graphene surface plasmon polaritons under opposite temperature biases, remaining robust across a wide operating temperature range. Further enhancement can be achieved by tuning the Fermi level of graphene. This work demonstrates the significance of asymmetry in NFTP manipulation for thermal diode performance, achieving an ultrahigh TRR, which is at least three orders higher than the state‐of‐the‐art structures at the same small temperature difference (1–5 K), and is comparable to state‐of‐the‐art electronic diodes.
Copper‐Catalyzed Tandem Cyclization of 2‐(Alkynylaryl)Acetonitriles and Amines: Access to 3‐Hydroxyisoindolinones
Authors: Li Jiatian , Pan Lin , Tan Xiangwen , Jiang Huanfeng , Wu Wanqing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHerein, we describe an approach to the synthesis of 3‐hydroxyisoindolinone derivatives via copper‐catalyzed tandem cyclization of 2‐(alkynylaryl)acetonitriles and amines. This reaction is compatible with 2‐(alkynylaryl)acetonitriles and primary alkyl amines containing various functional groups, providing the corresponding 3‐hydroxyindolinone derivatives with yields ranging from 44%–82%. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction involves oxidation of the benzylic carbon, amide formation, hydration of the alkyne and intramolecular cyclization to produce various 3‐hydroxyisoindolinones. The practicality of the strategy was further demonstrated by gram‐scale synthesis, late‐stage functionalizations, and the post modification of natural products.