bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wastewater Colloidal Organic Carbon: Characterization of Filtration Fractions Using 1H NMR
Authors: McPhedran Kerry N. , Seth Rajesh 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT: The current study separates colloidal organic carbon (COC) of municipal wastewater using membrane and ultrafiltration filters followed by characterization using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and UV absorbance with the goal of determination of size‐specific characteristics, which may be used to correlate contaminant partitioning to natural COC. Passing fractions included 49.7, 44.8, 39.3, and 33.1 mg/L COC for filter sizes 1.5 μm, 0.45 μm, 100 kDa, and 1 kDa, respectively. The methodology used for processing COC prior to 1H NMR characterization was novel and successful in concentrating COC without modification of structures, which is the general drawback of other separation techniques such as resin extractions. This concentration technique is quite simple (i.e., not dependent on specialized instrumentation) and allows much shorter NMR experimental durations saving time and cost of analysis. Further work using NMR techniques will allow for greater understanding of COC molecular characteristics and be valuable for use in predictive modeling improvements.
Risk Assessment of Organochlorines in Mollusk from the Mediterranean and Red Sea Coasts of Egypt
Authors: El Nemr Ahmed , El‐Said Ghada F. , Khaled Azza 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT: Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) residues were studied in different mollusk species from the Egyptian Mediterranean and Red Sea coasts. The average levels of OCPs in mollusks comprised chlordanes, dieldrins, total endrin, endosulfan compounds, and methoxychlor (DECEM), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), and, hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs). The averages of HCHs, DDTs, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in mollusks from the Mediterranean Sea were 1.13 ± 1.21, 1.30 ± 1.27, and 1.40 ± 0.93 ng/g, respectively; from the Red Sea, they were 0.62 ± 0.90, 1.77 ± 1.82, and 6.44 ± 5.05 ng/g, respectively. The analysis of HCHs, DDTs, and PCBs in mollusks indicates a new usage of lindane, PCB congeners, and the input of technical HCH and aged DDT. The data showed that the Red Sea Coast was more affected by PCBs congeners than the Mediterranean Sea Coast, which may be attributed to the different activities along the two coastal areas. Mollusks in the Mediterranean Sea had higher dieldrins, total endrin, endosulfan compounds, and methoxychlor contents than those in the Red Sea. Interestingly, HCHs, DDTs, and PCBs levels were lower than those recommended for Swedish Food Regulation and U.S. Food and Drug Administration, which means that mollusks from these two coastal areas are safe as food.
Intravenous caffeine versus intravenous ketorolac for the management of moderate to severe migraine headache
Authors: Baratloo Alireza , Bafarani Sara Arab , Forouzanfar Mohammad Mehdi , Hashemi Behrooz , Friedman Benjamin Wolkin , Abdalvand Ali 
Published: April 2016

<p class="Abstract">The aim of this study was to determine if intravenous caffeine is as effective as intravenous ketorolac for the treatment of moderate to severe migraine headaches. Eligible patients randomly received 60 mg caffeine citrate or 60 mg ketorolac infused intravenously. Their pain score were measured at baseline, one hour and two hours after infusion. Therapeutic success was defined as decreasing of at least 3 points on the pain score. In total 110 patients were enrolled (75.5% women). Therapeutic success after 60 min was achieved by 63.6% of patients in the caffeine and 70.1% of patients in the ketorolac group (p = 0.23). After 120 min, 87.3% of the caffeine group and 83.6% of the ketorolac group achieved therapeutic success (p = 0.49). In this multi-center, randomized double blind study, intravenous caffeine was as effective as intravenous ketorolac for first line abortive management of acute migraine.</p><p> </p>
Sustained Remission Improves Physical Function in Patients with Established Rheumatoid Arthritis, and Should Be a Treatment Goal: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study from Southern Sweden
Authors: Einarsson Jon Thorkell , Geborek Pierre , Saxne Tore , Kristensen Lars Erik , Kapetanovic Meliha C. 
Published: April 2016

Objective.It has been proposed that remission should be maintained throughout the course of rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, the evidence supporting this is limited. Physical function measured by the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) is a major outcome in RA, and HAQ is shown to be one of the strongest predictors of longterm outcomes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the physical function over a long time in patients with RA who achieved sustained remission (SR) compared with that of patients occasionally achieving remission [non-sustained remission (NSR)].Methods.Patients with RA treated with antitumor necrosis factor and included in the South Swedish Arthritis Treatment Group register were eligible for this study. We identified patients with a Disease Activity Score at 28 joints (DAS28) < 2.6 or Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) ≤ 3.3 at some point and those who achieved SR, i.e., remission during consecutive visits for at least 6 months. The course of functional status was assessed using the HAQ at each visit.Results.Of the 2416 patients, 1177 (48.7%) reached DAS28 remission at some point. SR was achieved by 382 (15.8%) for the DAS28 and 186 (7.7%) for the SDAI criteria. Comparing the SR and NSR groups, HAQ improved during the first 12 months in the DAS28 remission. HAQ continued to improve relatively as long as SR was maintained. A higher proportion of patients in SR reached full physical function.Conclusion.In patients with established RA, physical function measured by the HAQ improves in patients reaching SR compared with patients who only occasionally reach remission. The improvement continues while in remission, which supports that maintaining remission should be a treatment goal.
Patients with Gout Treated with Conventional Urate-lowering Therapy: Association with Disease Control, Health-related Quality of Life, and Work Productivity
Authors: Wood Robert , Fermer Steve , Ramachandran Sulabha , Baumgartner Scott , Morlock Robert 
Published: April 2016

Objective.Implications of inadequate gout control were assessed through health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and work productivity of patients with gout adequately controlled while taking conventional urate-lowering therapy (ULT) for ≥ 3 months vs those whose gout was inadequately controlled.Methods.Retrospective data were drawn from the Adelphi Disease Specific Programme (DSP), a cross-sectional survey of patients with gout in France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Patients completed these questionnaires: EQ-5D (3L), Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment. Inadequate control was defined as the most recent serum uric acid (SUA) level > 6 mg/dl (> 360 µmol/l) or ≥ 2 flares in the last 12 months; adequate control as SUA level ≤ 6 mg/dl (≤ 360 µmol/l) and 0 flares. Appropriate statistical tests were used to assess differences between groups.Results.There were 836 (69%) inadequately and 368 (31%) adequately controlled gout cases. Mean age was 61 and 63 years and duration of current ULT was 32 and 57 months, respectively. Patients experiencing inadequate control reported significantly worse functioning and HRQOL, as measured by the EQ-5D (0.790 vs 0.877; difference: −0.087; p < 0.001) and PROMIS HAQ (13.21 vs 6.91; difference: 6.30; p < 0.001) scales. Productivity was also more impaired (work time missed: 4.5% vs 1.3%; impairment while working: 19.1% vs 5.2%; overall work impairment: 20.4% vs 5.6%; activity impairment: 20.3% vs 5.3%; all p < 0.001).Conclusion.Less than one-third of patients had gout that was adequately controlled. Those experiencing inadequately controlled gout reported significantly worse functioning, quality of life, and work productivity. Gout treatment strategies to improve disease control may lead to improvements in HRQOL and productivity.
Les relations sociales de travail à l’épreuve de la transaction sociale
Authors: Laport Danielle 
Published: April 2016

La Martinique a connu deux conflits majeurs du travail en 1999 et 2009. La Martinique, bloquée partiellement pendant 6 mois pour l’un et bloquée totalement pendant 34 jours pour l’autre, doit prévenir un éventuel 2019. La dégradation des conflits du travail en situation bloquée semble être une constante. Faire du conflit une forme de socialisation dans les relations de travail est le défi à relever pour la Martinique. La transaction sociale, démarche d’analyse conçue par des Belges dans un contexte conflictuel, peut donner à la Martinique des clés de lecture et de compréhension pour transformer en nouvelles légitimités les termes de l’échange social inégal dans cette société à la révolution inachevée qui contredit l’équation économique « croissance = emploi ».
Hauts fonctionnaires et organisations régionales en Amérique centrale : émergence informelle du supranationalisme
Authors: Parthenay Kevin 
Published: April 2016

L’objet de cet article est le processus d’institutionnalisation du Système d’Intégration Centraméricain (SICA). Malgré les critiques, l’inefficacité et les échecs de réformes, le SICA s’est transformé en profondeur depuis sa création en 1991. Pour comprendre le changement, nous adoptons une approche sociologique de l’intégration. Ainsi, nous empruntons à la sociologie politique et à la sociologie du changement en organisations internationales afin d’identifier les facteurs du changement au sein du SICA. Dans cet article, nous utilisons deux variables : l’ambigüité institutionnelle et les dispositions individuelles. Nous étudions d’une part le contexte organisationnel dans lequel les acteurs sont amenés à se mouvoir ainsi que les trajectoires socioprofessionnelles de ceux-ci par le biais d’une analyse prosopographique. Les données utilisées dans cet article sont le produit de trois terrains de recherches réalisés en Amérique centrale entre septembre 2009 et juillet 2012.
The Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products Activates the AIM2 Inflammasome in Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Kang Rui , Chen Ruochan , Xie Min , Cao Lizhi , Lotze Michael T. , Tang Daolin , Zeh Herbert J. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Severe acute pancreatitis (AP) is responsible for significant human morbidity and mortality worldwide. Currently, no specific treatments for AP exist, primarily due to the lack of a mechanistic understanding of sterile inflammation and the resultant multisystem organ dysfunction, the pathologic response of AP linked to early death. In this study, we demonstrate that the class III major histocompatibility region III receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) contributes to AP by modulating inflammasome activation in macrophages. RAGE mediated nucleosome-induced absent in melanoma 2 (but not NLRP3) inflammasome activation by modulating dsRNA-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation in macrophages. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of the RAGE–dsRNA-dependent protein kinase pathway attenuated the release of inflammasome-dependent exosomal leaderless cytokines (e.g., IL-1β and high-mobility group box 1) in vitro. RAGE or absent in melanoma 2 depletion in mice limited tissue injury, reduced systemic inflammation, and protected against AP induced by l-arginine or cerulein in experimental animal models. These findings define a novel role for RAGE in the propagation of the innate immune response with activation of the nucleosome-mediated inflammasome and will help guide future development of therapeutic strategies to treat AP.
Evaluating Transportation by Comparing Several uses of Rotary Endodontic Files
Authors: Elemam Ranya F , Capelas JA , Vaz Mário AP , Viriato Nuno , Pereira ML , Azevedo A , West John 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTAimTo evaluate the frequent use of ProTaper Next (PTN; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) systems on shaping ability of root canal utilizing Solidworks (2014, Dassault Systèmes) software.Materials and methodsThirty-six root canals in clear resin blocks (Dentsply-Maillefer) were allocated into six experimental groups (n = 36). Six new sets of PTN instruments (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) were used six times to shape the resin blocks. A #15 K-file was inserted to the working length (WL), followed by ProGlider (PG) to create a glide path. Sequential use of PTN instrumentation in a crown-down technique was used to reach size (30/07) apically. Macroscopic photos of the blocks were taken before and after instrumentation, layered by Paint Shop Pro 9 from JascSoftware®, and then canal transportation was measured using Solidwork 2014. The data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22. Multivariate statistical analysis general linear model (GLM) was also applied. Bonferroni correction test was used in multiple comparisons and the statistical significance was set to 0.05.ResultsThere was no difference in canal transportation resulted from utilizing PTN files after six multiple uses; in addition, the PTN files showed ability to maintain the original canal anatomy, especially in the apical level, where lowest total mean value of canal center displacement was seen (3 mm level) (0.019 ± 0.017).ConclusionProTaper Next files can be used to prepare single and multiple canals in a single furcated tooth.Clinical significanceProTaper Next nickel-titanium (NiTi) file system is a safe instrument that respects the canal shape, allows practitioners to treat difficult cases with good results, and low risk of separation.How to cite this articleElemam RF, Capelas JA, Vaz MAP, Viriato N, Pereira ML, Azevedo A, West J. Evaluating Transportation by Comparing Several uses of Rotary Endodontic Files. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(12):927-932.
Assessment of DNA Damage in Leukoplakia Patients with Different Degrees of Dysplasia
Authors: Hashem Mohamed I , Ahmad Zeeshan H , Binmgren Mohammed A , Anil Sukumaran , Huraib Sahar Bin 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Background
Single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay also known as comet assay is a rapid and highly sensitive fluorescent molecular technique for detecting various forms of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage at individual cellular level.

Materials and methods
The present study was done to detect the extent of DNA damage in oral leukoplakia (OL) and compare with normal individuals. The sample population was obtained from an outpatient clinic of a tertiary teaching dental institute. A total of 36 consecutive patients with leukoplakia and 10 healthy normal volunteers were recruited for the study and assessed for the extent of DNA damage using SCGE following clinical diagnosis and histological grading. Peripheral blood was obtained by venipuncture and SCGE assay was performed. Mean comet tail length was recorded and analyzed statistically to compare the extent of damage in each group.

Results
The mean comet tail length seen in leukoplakia patients with moderate to severe dysplasia was 1.25 ± 0.14 mm while for the control subjects, it was 0.31 ± 0.10 mm. The difference was statistically significant (p = 0.000). On comparing within the grades of leukoplakia, a progressive trend of increasing tail length was observed with increasing grades of dysplasia.

Conclusion
Deoxyribonucleic acid damage as measured by SCGE is seen in leukoplakia. A stepwise increase in DNA damage levels from healthy controls, through patients with non-dysplastic epithelium to varying grades of dysplasia has been observed indicating the extent of DNA damage in this high risk group.

How to cite this article
Vellappally S, Binmgren MA, Huraib SB, Hashem MI, Patil S, Anil S. Assessment of DNA Damage in Leukoplakia Patients with Different Degrees of Dysplasia. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(12):971-976.
Differential Diagnosis and Treatment Proposal for Acute Endodontic Infection
Authors: Tonetto Mateus Rodrigues , de Andrade Marcelo Ferrarezi , Bandéca Matheus Coelho , Kuga Milton Carlos , Keine Katia Cristina , Pereira Kamila Figueiredo , Magro Miriam Graziele , Diniz Ana Carolina Soares , Galoza Marina Oliveira Gonçalves , de Barros Yolanda Benedita Abadia Martins 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to describe the main lesions that simulate clinically and propose a treatment protocol for acute endodontic infection. Signs and clinical symptoms of periodontal abscess, gingival abscess, odontoma, herpes simplex, pericoronitis, acute pulpitis and necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis/periodontitis (NUG/NUP) were described and compared with acute endodontic infections. A treatment protocol was described by optimizing the procedures in access cavity, microbial decontamination and detoxification of the root canal, apical debridement, intracanal and systemic medication and surgical drainage procedures. The convenience of the use of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, root canal instrumentation using a crown-down technique, intracanal medication with 2% chlorhexidine or triple antibiotic paste and the convenience of the use of antibiotics, analgesics, and surgical drainage to solve cases of acute dentoalveolar abscess was discussed.How to cite this articleKeine KC, Kuga MC, Pereira KF, Diniz ACS, Tonetto MR, Galoza MOG, Magro MG, de Barros YBAM, Bandéca MC, de Andrade MF. Differential Diagnosis and Treatment Proposal for Acute Endodontic Infection. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(12):977-983.
EFFECT OF ELECTRON BEAM IRRADIATION ON THE STRUCTURE–PROPERTY RELATIONSHIP OF ETHYLENE OCTENE COPOLYMER AND POLYDIMETHYL SILOXANE RUBBER BLENDS
Authors: Ramachandran Padmanabhan , Naskar Kinsuk , Nando Golok B. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
The effects of electron beam irradiation on the structure–property relationship of blends can be studied based on ethylene octene copolymer (EOC) and polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) rubber at three different blend ratios prepared with a melt mixing technique. Irradiation with 2.5 MeV electron beam accelerating energy, over a radiation dose varying from 25 to 150 kGy, causes cross-linking in both the EOC and the PDMS phases. However, cross-linking of the EOC phase without affecting the crystallinity of the EOC polymer leads to tremendous improvement in the physicomechanical properties, including the tensile strength, which improves by nearly 35% for 70:30 EOC:PDMS blends. Morphology of the blends before and after irradiation can be analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy and correlated with the physicomechanical properties. The physicomechanical properties of the individual polymer components after irradiation show that radiation cross-linking is more effective for PDMS rubber than it is for EOC. However, at higher radiation doses, chain scissions are possible in both EOC and PDMS rubber, which affect the physicomechanical properties. Through blending and subsequent radiation cross-linking, the maximum degradation temperature of EOC can be increased from 488.6 to 512.8 °C.
É POSSIVEL EXISTIR DIÁLAGO ENTRE O SABER DO CAMPO E O SABER ESCOLAR, POR MEIO DO CURRÍCULO?
Authors: Milani Natalia Ossoski , Gandin Rosangela Valachinski 
Published: April 2016

O objetivo do trabalho consiste em buscar conhecimentos metodológicospara compreender como se constrói, executa e vivencia um Currículo Escolarque visa atender educandos oriundos do campo e da cidade, matriculados numaInstituição de Ensino Nucleada. A metodologia foi organizada em três etapas.A primeira correspondeu a avaliação diagnóstica, a segunda corresponde,respectivamente, a 22 horas aulas, organizadas em 08 encontros de atividadessobre o conteúdo “medidas agrárias”, e a terceira etapa, diz respeito a avaliação somativa. Trinta estudantes da 3ª série do ensino médio participaram das atividades, que reúne 28 horas de trabalho. Como resultado foi obtido que a metodologia desenvolvida contribuiu com a aprendizagem e a formação dos estudantes, por isso, o conteúdo “medidas agrárias” passou a fazer parte do Plano de Trabalho Docente – PTD e se incorporou ao currículo da escola do campo nucleada, de forma a criar permanente diálogo entre o saber popular e o saber escolar.
A OCUPAÇÃO DAS ÁREAS DE PRESERVAÇÃO PERMANENTE DOS CURSOS D’ÁGUA DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO BARIGUI
Authors: Auer Ana Marise , Galvão Franklin , Roderjan Carlos Veloso 
Published: April 2016

O estudo realizado delimitou as Áreas de Preservação Permanente dos cursos d’água da bacia do rio Barigui e das áreas de nascentes, a fim de identificar os usos nelas estabelecidos. Para tanto foram usadas ferramentas de análise especial sobre a base cartográfica oficial do Estado do Paraná e imagens do satélite QuickBird do ano de 2006. A delimitação das APP compreendeu a geração de um buffer em ambiente SIG ao longo dos cursos d’água e feições hídricas associadas, com distâncias de 50m ao longo do rio Barigui, nascentes e espelhos d’água, 30m ao longo dos afluentes e delimitação de áreas de várzea. A análise evidenciou que 62% das APP estão ocupadas por urbanizações, 1,09% por atividades de extração mineral, 2,38% por agricultura, e 6,83% por floresta ripária pouco alterada. A vegetação remanescente encontra-se em estágio de sucessão intermediária (20,81%) e em estágio inicial (18,55%). O trabalho conclui que apesar da vigência de ampla legislação determinando a intangibilidade das APP os órgãos responsáveis pelo planejamento e fiscalização dessas áreas não tem se mostrado em condições para implantá-las, o que se associa à falta de vontade política para impor medidas de reordenamento territorial que no presente teriam impacto negativo nas urnas porém, apesar dos benefícios para as futuras gerações.
A PEDOGÊNESE E A DISTRIBUIÇÃO DOS ELEMENTOS MAIORES E TRAÇOS NUM SISTEMA DE SOLO LATERITICO-PODZOLIZADO NA ALTA BACIA DO RIO PRETO-MG
Authors: Michelon Cristiane Regina , Nascimento Nadia Regina do 
Published: April 2016

A distribuição dos elementos maiores e traços permitem inúmeras interpretações sobre o sobre o solo, desde a natureza dos seus materiais (aloctonia, autoctonia) e principalmente, sobre os processos maiores atuantes, através da concentração ou exportação dos elementos ao longo do perfil. O Ti, Th e Zr são elementos que ocorrem em minerais muito resistentes ao intemperismo no ambiente pedológico. Nos perfis lateríticos formados in situ, é normal encontrar teores mais elevados destes elementos no solo do que rocha matriz. Com o objetivo de verificar o comportamento e a distribuição dos elementos num sistema de solo lateritico- podzolizado, fez-se o cálculo do balanço de massa para os elementos maiores Al e Fe e para os elementos traços Th e Ti. A área de estudo compreende a Alta Bacia do Rio Preto. Localiza-se no município de São Gonçalo do Rio Preto, dentro do Parque Estadual do Rio Preto, cerca de 30 Km de Diamantina, região centro-norte do Estado de Minas Gerais. Os resultados demonstraram aumento da depleção da maioria dos elementos em direção à jusante da topossequencia, deTR2 a TR9. Essa tendência é reflexo da dinâmica imposta pela podzolização. Em contrapartida, os ganhos de Ti observados em TR2 estao associados ao processo de lateritização, que sob esse processo tem tendência a acumular-se, embora uma perda progressiva já é percebida em direção ao topo do perfil. Isso confirma que a podzolização já está em processo em direção a montante da topossequência.