bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eyestrains among smartphone users while watching videos in Taipei MRT carriages: a comparison between sitting and standing postures
Authors: Chen Yi-Lang , Chu Kuo-Hao , Huang Po-Chun , Ho Chieh-Ting , Nguyen Hong-Tam 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn MRT carriages, more passengers are watching videos on their smartphones during daily commutes, yet the impact of these viewing conditions on visual strain remains unexplored. This study examined eyestrain in 24 male and 24 female participants while watching videos on smartphones in two postures (sitting and standing) and over two durations (15 min and 30 min) in Taipei MRT carriages. We measured critical flicker fusion frequency (CFF) reduction, visual fatigue scale (VFS) scores, and viewing distance (VD) for each trial. Results revealed significant effects of sex, posture, and viewing duration on visual strain, with notable two-way interactions (sex × posture and posture × time) influencing most outcomes. Women showed greater CFF reduction while sitting compared to standing (3.47 Hz vs. 1.90 Hz, p < 0.001) and maintained shorter VDs while seated (25.5 cm vs. 34.3 cm, p < 0.001). However, they reported higher VFS scores when standing (8.94 vs. 4.60, p < 0.001), indicating increased discomfort while standing in the moving MRT carriage. Men exhibited higher CFF reduction (2.81 Hz) than women while standing (1.90 Hz) (p < 0.01), but this difference was not observed while sitting. Eyestrain indicators significantly worsened after 30 min of viewing compared to 15 min, with stronger effects on VFS scores and VDs. This finding supports the recommendation to take breaks after 20 min of smartphone use, even in MRT carriages. Although subjective eyestrain is not always recognized, watching videos on smartphones while seated can result in unexpectedly high levels of objective visual fatigue, indicated by CFF reduction. Our findings suggest that eyestrain patterns in MRT carriages differ from those reported in previous studies. Seated passengers, particularly females with shorter VD, may experience unrecognized eyestrain that could impact eye health, while standing passengers may face greater discomfort. These results highlight the need for increased awareness and preventive measures to mitigate eyestrain in digital public transportation environments.
Different risk and protective factors predict change of planning ability in middle versus older age
Authors: Unterrainer Josef M. , Petersen Julia , Schmidt Peter , Ernst Mareike , Wirtz Markus A. , Reinwarth Anna C. , Wicke Felix , Ghaemi Kerahrodi Jasmin , Michal Matthias , Münzel Thomas , König Jochem , Lackner Karl J. , Pfeiffer Norbert , Tüscher Oliver , Galle Peter R. , Beutel Manfred , Wild Philipp S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAge-related cognitive decline has become an increasingly relevant public health issue. However, risk and protective factors of cognitive decline have yet to be investigated prospectively taking into account genetic, lifestyle, physical and mental health factors. Population-based data from middle-aged (40 to 59 years; N = 2,764) and older individuals (60 to 80 years; N = 1,254) were drawn from a prospective community cohort study using the Tower of London (TOL) planning task. Assessments were repeated at a 5-year interval to investigate age-related changes in planning performance and to determine the impact of risk and protective factors. Planning performance improved in middle-aged, but declined in older participants over 5 years. SNPs affecting the dopamine system (COMT, DRD2) and APOE polymorphisms differentially predicted cognitive performance in older vs. middle-aged individuals. For older individuals, high alcohol consumption, antidepressant medication and living without a partner had additional negative predictive power on cognition. In contrast, undiagnosed hypertension, no obstructive lung disease, and fewer years of education predicted cognitive decline in the middle-aged group. The results inform screening for individuals particularly vulnerable to cognitive decline and interventions (e.g., focusing on lifestyle factors) to help maintain cognitive performance into old age.
Local structure of Amorphous carbon investigated by X-ray total scattering and RMC modeling
Authors: Yoshimoto Masatsugu , Ito Kazuki , Omote Kazuhiko 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAmorphous carbon is a promising candidate as an energy storage material. In this paper, we performed an X-ray total scattering measurement, RMC modeling, and persistent homology analysis for amorphous carbon samples fabricated at two different heat treatment temperatures. According to the analysis of the nearest-neighbor carbon atoms and their angular histogram, the sample treated at higher temperature shows higher connectivity between carbon atoms than that treated at lower temperature. Furthermore, topological data analysis (persistent homology, PH) reveals quantitative results that relate ring structure and the connectivity between carbon atoms.
LSU family members and NBR1 are novel factors that contribute to homeostasis of catalases and peroxisomes in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Niemiro Anna , Jurczewski Konrad , Sieńko Marzena , Wawrzyńska Anna , Olszak Marcin , Poznański Jarosław , Sirko Agnieszka 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe short coiled-coil LSU (RESPONSE TO LOW SULFUR) proteins are linked to sulfur metabolism and have numerous protein partners. However, most of these partners lack direct links to sulfur metabolism, and the role of such interactions remains elusive. Here, we confirmed LSU binding to Arabidopsis catalase (CAT) and revealed that NBR1, a selective autophagy receptor, strongly interacts with LSU1 but not with CAT. Consequently, we observed the involvement of autophagy but not NBR1 in CAT removal. The lsu and nbr1 mutants differed from the wild-type plants in size and the number of yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)-CAT condensates, the number of peroxisomes, and photosynthetic pigments levels in the presence and absence of stress. We conclude that LSU family members and NBR1 contribute directly or indirectly to CAT and peroxisome homeostasis, and the overall fitness of plants. Our structural models of CAT–LSU complexes show at least two regions of interaction in CAT, one of which is at the N-terminus. Indeed, the N-terminally truncated variants of CAT2 and CAT3 interact more weakly with LSU1 than their full-length variants, but the extent of reduction is higher for CAT2, suggesting differences in recognition of CAT2 and CAT3 by LSU1.
Natural language processing reveals differences in mental time travel at higher levels of self-efficacy
Authors: Plank Laurin , Zlomuzica Armin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe (re-)construction of past and future personal experiences, termed mental time travel (MTT), is highly adaptive and contributes to self-related beliefs and attitudes. Mounting evidence suggests that self-efficacy (SE), the belief that one can overcome obstacles on their own account, is functionally related to MTT. In the present study, we used novel methods for the analysis of MTT narratives based on natural language processing (NLP) to investigate the relation between SE and MTT. We demonstrated that self-efficacious participants remembered and imagined experiences which were semantically less similar and contained a wider variety of contents. Additionally, increased SE was related to a positive reappraisal of personal episodes and reports of a more active role within mental scenarios. In conclusion, NLP appears to be a valuable method to quantify changes to the (re-)construction of personal experience that might support cognitive and emotional functioning.
Progress Toward Estimating the Minimal Clinically Important Difference of Intelligibility: A Crowdsourced Perceptual Experiment
Authors: Stipancic Kaila L. , van Brenk Frits , Qiu Mengyang , Tjaden Kris 
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of the current study was to estimate the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of sentence intelligibility in control speakers and in speakers with dysarthria due to multiple sclerosis (MS) and Parkinson's disease (PD).

Method:

Sixteen control speakers, 16 speakers with MS, and 16 speakers with PD were audio-recorded reading aloud sentences in habitual, clear, fast, loud, and slow speaking conditions. Two hundred forty nonexpert crowdsourced listeners heard paired conditions of the same sentence content from a speaker and indicated if one condition was more understandable than another. Listeners then used the Global Ratings of Change (GROC) Scale to indicate
how much more understandable
that condition was than the other. Listener ratings were compared with objective intelligibility scores obtained previously via orthographic transcriptions from nonexpert listeners. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and average magnitude of intelligibility difference per level of the GROC Scale were evaluated to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of potential cutoff scores in intelligibility for establishing thresholds of important change.

Results:
MCIDs derived from the ROC curves were invalid. However, the average magnitude of intelligibility difference derived valid and useful thresholds. The MCID of intelligibility was determined to be about 7% for a small amount of difference and about 15% for a large amount of difference.

Conclusions:
This work demonstrates the feasibility of the novel experimental paradigm for collecting crowdsourced perceptual data to estimate MCIDs. Results provide empirical evidence that clinical tools for the perception of intelligibility by nonexpert listeners could consist of three categories, which emerged from the data (“no difference,” “a little bit of difference,” “a lot of difference”). The current work is a critical step toward development of a universal language with which to evaluate changes in intelligibility as a result of neurological injury, disease progression, and speech-language therapy.
Improving long‐tail classification via decoupling and regularisation
Authors: Gao Shuzheng , Wang Chaozheng , Gao Cuiyun , Luo Wenjian , Han Peiyi , Liao Qing , Xu Guandong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractReal‐world data always exhibit an imbalanced and long‐tailed distribution, which leads to poor performance for neural network‐based classification. Existing methods mainly tackle this problem by reweighting the loss function or rebalancing the classifier. However, one crucial aspect overlooked by previous research studies is the imbalanced feature space problem caused by the imbalanced angle distribution. In this paper, the authors shed light on the significance of the angle distribution in achieving a balanced feature space, which is essential for improving model performance under long‐tailed distributions. Nevertheless, it is challenging to effectively balance both the classifier norms and angle distribution due to problems such as the low feature norm. To tackle these challenges, the authors first thoroughly analyse the classifier and feature space by decoupling the classification logits into three key components: classifier norm (i.e. the magnitude of the classifier vector), feature norm (i.e. the magnitude of the feature vector), and cosine similarity between the classifier vector and feature vector. In this way, the authors analyse the change of each component in the training process and reveal three critical problems that should be solved, that is, the imbalanced angle distribution, the lack of feature discrimination, and the low feature norm. Drawing from this analysis, the authors propose a novel loss function that incorporates hyperspherical uniformity, additive angular margin, and feature norm regularisation. Each component of the loss function addresses a specific problem and synergistically contributes to achieving a balanced classifier and feature space. The authors conduct extensive experiments on three popular benchmark datasets including CIFAR‐10/100‐LT, ImageNet‐LT, and iNaturalist 2018. The experimental results demonstrate that the authors’ loss function outperforms several previous state‐of‐the‐art methods in addressing the challenges posed by imbalanced and long‐tailed datasets, that is, by improving upon the best‐performing baselines on CIFAR‐100‐LT by 1.34, 1.41, 1.41 and 1.33, respectively.
RJAN: Region‐based joint attention network for 3D shape recognition
Authors: Zhao Yue , Nie Weizhi , Nie Jie , Zhang Yuyi , Wang Bo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAs an essential field of multimedia and computer vision, 3D shape recognition has attracted much research attention in recent years. Multiview‐based approaches have demonstrated their superiority in generating effective 3D shape representations. Typical methods usually extract the multiview global features and aggregate them together to generate 3D shape descriptors. However, there exist two disadvantages: First, the mainstream methods ignore the comprehensive exploration of local information in each view. Second, many approaches roughly aggregate multiview features by adding or concatenating them together. The information loss for some discriminative characteristics limits the representation effectiveness. To address these problems, a novel architecture named region‐based joint attention network (RJAN) was proposed. Specifically, the authors first design a hierarchical local information exploration module for view descriptor extraction. The region‐to‐region and channel‐to‐channel relationships from different granularities can be comprehensively explored and utilised to provide more discriminative characteristics for view feature learning. Subsequently, a novel relation‐aware view aggregation module is designed to aggregate the multiview features for shape descriptor generation, considering the view‐to‐view relationships. Extensive experiments were conducted on three public databases: ModelNet40, ModelNet10, and ShapeNetCore55. RJAN achieves state‐of‐the‐art performance in the tasks of 3D shape classification and 3D shape retrieval, which demonstrates the effectiveness of RJAN. The code has been released on https://github.com/slurrpp/RJAN.
Artificial intelligence assisted prediction of optimum operating conditions of shell and tube heat exchangers: A grey‐box approach
Authors: Ullah Zahid , Ahmad Iftikhar , Samad Abdul , Saghir Husnain , Ahmad Farooq , Kano Manabu , Caliskan Hakan , Caliskan Nesrin , Hong Hiki 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this study, a Grey‐box (GB) model was developed to predict the optimum mass flow rates of inlet streams of a Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger (STHE) under varying process conditions. Aspen Exchanger Design and Rating (Aspen‐EDR) was initially used to construct a first principle model (FP) of the STHE using industrial data. The Genetic Algorithm (GA) was incorporated into the FP model to attain the minimum exit temperature for the hot kerosene process stream under varying process conditions. A dataset comprised of optimum process conditions was generated through FP‐GA integration and was utilised to develop an Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) model. Subsequently, the ANN model was merged with the FP model by substituting the GA, to form a GB model. The developed GB model, that is, ANN and FP integration, achieved higher effectiveness and lower outlet temperature than those derived through the standalone FP model. Performance of the GB framework was also comparable to the FP‐GA approach but it significantly reduced the computation time required for estimating the optimum process conditions. The proposed GB‐based method improved the STHE's ability to extract energy from the process stream and strengthened its resilience to cope with diverse process conditions.
Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus star formation history as revealed by detailed elemental abundances
Authors: Ernandes H. , Feuillet D. , Feltzing S. , Skúladóttir Á. 
Published: October 2024

Context. The Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus merger was a major event in the history of the Milky Way. Debris from this merger has been extensively studied with full kinematic data from the Gaia mission. Understanding the star formation history of the progenitor galaxy aids in our understanding of the evolution of the Milky Way and galaxy formation in general.
Aims. We aimed to constrain the star formation history of the Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus progenitor galaxy using elemental abundances of member stars. Previous studies on Milky Way satellite dwarf galaxies show that key elemental abundance patterns, which probe different nucleosynthetic channels, reflect the host galaxy’s star formation history.
Methods. We gathered Mg, Fe, Ba, and Eu abundance measurements for Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus stars from the SAGA database. Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus members were selected kinematically. Inspired by previous studies, we used [Fe/Mg], [Ba/Mg], [Eu/Mg], and [Eu/Ba], as a function of [Fe/H] to constrain the star formation history of Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus. We used the known star formation histories and elemental abundance patterns of the Sculptor and Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxies as a comparison.
Results. The elemental abundance ratios of [Fe/Mg], [Ba/Mg], [Eu/Mg], and [Eu/Ba] all increase with [Fe/H] in Gaia-Sausage- Enceladus. The [Eu/Mg] begins to increase at [Fe/H] ∼ −2.0 and continues steadily, contrasting with the trend observed in the Sculptor dSph galaxy. The [Eu/Ba] increases and remains high across the [Fe/H] range, unlike the pattern seen in the Sculptor dSph galaxy, and deviates from the Fornax dSph galaxy at high [Fe/H]. The [Ba/Mg] is higher than those of the Sculptor dSph galaxy at the lowest [Fe/H] and gradually increases, similar to the Fornax dSph galaxy. We constrained three main properties of the Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus star formation history: (1) star formation started gradually, (2) it extended for over 2 Gyr, and (3) it was quenched around [Fe/H] of −0.5, likely when it fell into the Milky Way.
Conclusions. We show that the elemental abundance ratios [Fe/Mg], [Ba/Mg], [Eu/Mg], and [Eu/Ba] can be used to trace the star formation history of a disrupted galaxy when these measurements are available over an [Fe/H] range that is representative of the progenitor galaxy’s stellar population.
Examining the local Universe isotropy with galaxy cluster velocity dispersion scaling relations
Authors: Pandya A. , Migkas K. , Reiprich T. H. , Stanford A. , Pacaud F. , Schellenberger G. , Lovisari L. , Ramos-Ceja M. E. , Nguyen-Dang N. T. , Park S. 
Published: October 2024

Context. In standard cosmology, the Universe is assumed to be statistically homogeneous and isotropic. This assumption suggests that the expansion rate of the Universe, as measured by the Hubble parameter, should be the same in all directions. However, our recent study based on galaxy clusters finds an apparent angular variation of approximately 9% in the Hubble constant, H0, across the sky. In the study, the authors utilised galaxy cluster scaling relations between various cosmology-dependent cluster properties and a cosmology-independent property, i.e. the temperature of the intracluster gas (T). A position-dependent systematic bias of T measurements can, in principle, result in an overestimation of apparent H0 variations. Therefore, it is crucial to confirm or exclude this possibility.
Aims. In this work, we search for directional T measurement biases by examining the relationship between the member galaxy velocity dispersion and gas temperature (σv − T) of galaxy clusters. Both measurements are independent of any cosmological assumptions and do not suffer from the same potential systematic biases. Additionally, we search for apparent H0 angular variations independently of T by analysing the relations between the X-ray luminosity and Sunyaev-Zeldovich signal with the velocity dispersion, LX − σv and YSZ − σv.
Methods. To study the angular variation of scaling relation parameters, we determined the latter for different sky patches across the extra-galactic sky. We constrained the possible directional T bias using the σv − T relation, as well as the apparent H0 variations using the LX − σv and YSZ − σv relations. We utilised Monte Carlo simulations of isotropic cluster samples to quantify the statistical significance of any observed anisotropies. We calculated and rigorously took into account a correlation of LX and YSZ residuals.
Results. No significant directional T measurement biases are found from the σv − T anisotropy study. The probability that the previously observed H0 anisotropy is caused by a directional T bias is only 0.002%. On the other hand, from the joint analysis of the LX − σv and YSZ − σv relations, the maximum variation of H0 is found in the direction of (295 ° ±71 ° , − 30 ° ±71 ° ) with a statistical significance of 3.64σ, fully consistent with our previous results.
Conclusions. Our findings, based on the analysis of new scaling relations utilising a completely independent cluster property, σv, strongly corroborate the previously detected anisotropy of galaxy cluster scaling relations. The underlying cause, for example, H0 angular variation or large-scale bulk flows of matter, remains to be identified.
Le microbiome humain à l’épreuve de l’anthropocène
Authors: Sansonetti Philippe J. , Doré Joël 
Published: October 2024

Si les effets délétères des activités humaines sur la biodiversité du monde végétal et animal et sur le climat sont un fait acquis, leur impact sur la biodiversité microbienne doit être urgemment considéré, particulièrement sur le microbiome humain. La révolution métagénomique permet une large analyse et un suivi spatio-temporels jusqu’à présent inenvisageables. Une réduction de la richesse et de la diversité des microbiotes humains, en particulier intestinaux, est maintenant avérée, surtout dans les aires industrialisées de la planète. Utilisation inconsidérée des antibiotiques, changements drastiques des régimes alimentaires et éléments restant à déterminer de l’exposome environnemental sont le plus souvent incriminés. En découlent des situations de dysbioses caractérisées par une érosion du cœur d’espèces microbiennes communes à tous les individus et une prolifération de pathobiontes opportunistes, sans doute due à un affaiblissement de l’effet de barrière du microbiome. Le défi actuel est d’établir un lien de causalité entre ces dysbioses et des maladies en émergence épidémique, bien que non transmissibles, comme l’asthme, l’allergie, les maladies auto-immunes, l’obésité, le diabète et certains cancers. Modèles expérimentaux et études cliniques contrôlées prospectives et interventionnelles sont indispensables pour consolider cette causalité, d’autant que dans le déchiffrage des altérations de la symbiose homme-microbiome se profile un nouveau chapitre de la médecine : la « médecine microbienne »