bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regards coloniaux croisés : la France et l’indépendance égyptienne (1919-1922)
Authors: de Gayffier-Bonneville Anne-Claire 
Published: December 2017

À l’issue de la Première Guerre mondiale, l’Égypte demande l’indépendance et, devant le refus des Britanniques de la lui accorder, la population égyptienne se mobilise. L’écho international de cet épisode a été peu étudié, au-delà de son impact sur les relations anglo-égyptiennes. L’étude porte sur la perception française de la lutte égyptienne pour l’indépendance. Les diplomates et militaires français sont frappés par les pressions que les nationalistes exercent pour obtenir la mobilisation des différents segments de la population. Ils jaugent également les choix politiques britanniques. À leurs yeux, ceux-ci sont largement responsables de la situation égyptienne.
La Compagnie française des pétroles au Moyen-Orient : une diplomatie d’entreprise à l’avant-garde de la présence française dans les années 1950
Authors: Wursthorn Kévin 
Published: December 2017

Du lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale au début des années soixante, la Compagnie française des pétroles développa une ­stratégie pétrolière globale afin de renforcer la présence française au Moyen-Orient, dans un secteur traditionnellement dominé par les Anglo-Saxons. Dans cette perspective, l’entreprise fut à l’avant-garde de la présence française du fait de son influence économique, politique, culturelle et sociale, et créa les fondements d’une véritable diplomatie d’entreprise. Née au début des années ­cinquante, cette diplomatie privée, marquée à l’origine par des limites matérielles, prit durant cette décennie une importance de plus en plus grande au point de s’institutionnaliser et d’être reconnue aussi bien par les autorités françaises que par les gouvernements moyen-orientaux et anglo-saxons.
La Russie et le Moyen-Orient : permanences et mutations d’une diplomatie multilatérale
Authors: Ter Minassian Taline 
Published: December 2017

Le début de l’intervention militaire russe sur le terrain de la guerre civile syrienne en septembre 2015 marque, après une éclipse de plus de deux décennies, le grand retour de la Russie sur la scène ­moyen-orientale. Ces frappes aériennes sur le territoire d’un État qui n’est pas situé dans le « proche étranger » de la Russie post-soviétique témoignent à l’évidence de la volonté du Kremlin de rétablir la Russie dans son statut de grande ­puissance en incluant, comme par le passé, « l’Orient » dans sa sphère d’influence et d’action. De l’ancienne à la nouvelle Question d’Orient, cet article donne un aperçu général de la politique russe, soviétique et post-soviétique à l’égard du Moyen-Orient en en rappelant les grandes lignes de la diplomatie multilatérale et d’une stratégie souterraine d’instrumentalisation des minorités.
Alain Dewerpe, Entre histoire économique et histoire sociale : la protoindustrialisation
Authors: Aymard Maurice 
Published: December 2017

Inventé au début des années 1970 par Franklin Mendel à partir de l’exemple des Pays-Bas, repris et développé par Hans Medick et une équipe d’historiens travaillant avec lui au Max-Planck Institut für Geschichte de Göttingen Industrialisierung vor der Industrialisierung (1977), le thème de la protoindustrialisation, proposé comme un modèle, a connu sa période de fécondité maximale au tournant des années 1970-80 : il ouvrait aux historiens de la « transition » la possibilité d’identifier dans la mobilisation des réserves de main d’œuvre rurale, et dans la relocalisation dans certaines campagnes européennes d’une gamme très large de manufactures, notamment textiles, la clef d’une première prolétarisation, différente dans la logique propre de son développement, de la classique « expropriation paysanne ». Au débat qui s’ouvrit alors, la contribution d’Alain Dewerpe fut double : une première étude sur la vallée du Liri, dans le Royaume de Naples au xixe siècle, où il concluait à une « protoindustrialisation marginale» (1981), puis sa thèse, publiée en 1985, sur L’Industrie aux champs. Essai sur la protoindustrialisation en Italie du nord (1800-1880). Celle-ci, malgré les réserves rencontrées en Italie même où elle remettrait en cause le modèle même d’un développement industriel tardif, caractéristique d’un late-comer, s’est imposée comme un ouvrage de référence, qui montrait toutes les virtualités du modèle utilisé, mais venait confirmer son ambition de suivre désormais d’autres pistes, et en fait celle, formulée par lui dès 1977, d’une « première monographie d’entreprise pour cerner les notions d’investissement, d’outillage technique, de profits, de salaires, etc., quitte à passer ensuite à une vision plus large des problèmes ». Une piste qui allait le conduire, cette page tournée, à faire le choix de l’Ansaldo qui devait l’accompagner jusqu’à la fin de sa vie.
Charonne : « Un événement déraisonnable qui a ses raisons »
Authors: Revel Jacques 
Published: December 2017

À Paris, le 8 février 1962 a lieu un massacre d’état : au métro Charonne, 9 personnes sont victimes de la violence policière à l’occasion d’une manifestation contre le terrorisme d’extrême-droite dans les dernières semaines de la guerre d’Algérie. L’étude minutieuse qu’Alain Dewerpe a consacré en 2006 à l’événement montre qu’il s’agit bien d’une affaire d’état. À cette abstraction, à la notion banalisée de « violence d’état », l’observation rapprochée des pratiques lui a permis de donner un contenu concret et à faire comprendre les raisons des différents protagonistes affrontés dans le temps très bref de l’épisode : les formes de la mobilisation collective, la chaîne des responsabilités politico-administrative, les cultures et les pratiques policières, le traitement judiciaire de l’affaire, la mémoire qui la prolonge. Charonne pose ainsi une série de questions sur l’espace légitime de l’action publique et sur le fonctionnement de l’état démocratique dans la France du second xxe siècle.
« Wrp »
Authors: Salgas Jean-Pierre 
Published: December 2017

Une dédicace en 2008 : « à La Vie mode d'emploi et à Wrp ». La rentrée en hypokhâgne à Henri IV en 1970 (deux ans après 1968, huit ans après Charonne). Le nom de « Wrp ». Il intègrera, pas moi. L'illusion biographique partagée (nos histoires dans l'Histoire) mais pour des raisons différentes : je suis venu au communisme par le marxisme, « Wrp » au marxisme par le communisme - à l'histoire des historiens par l'Histoire « avec sa grande hache » - que personnifient les deux grand-mères survivantes à la Seconde Guerre Mondiale. De plus en plus, je songerai à l'itinéraire d'un Georges Perec. à la fois au centre de l'œuvre et en marge, deux livres d’« ego-histoire » : Espion en 1994, un peu sa « Disparition », Charonne en 2006, surement son « W ». « Nous sommes tous des clandestins » : « Wrp" comprend Alain, le « juif périgourdin », le professeur à l'élégance anglaise, l’historien de l’usine amoureux de l’Italie, le directeur d'études, Dewerpe l'auteur ... Un ultime souvenir de 2015 : la couverture de survie.
A proposed operational risk management framework for small and medium enterprises
Authors: Naude Micheline J. , Chiweshe Nigel 
Published: December 2017

Background: The gap between small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and large businesses that perform risk assessment is significant. SMEs continuously face many operational risks and uncertainties in their daily operations, and these risks threaten to reduce productivity, increase costs and reduce profits.Aim: The purpose of this article was to develop an operational risk management framework that SMEs can use to identify and analyse risks in their operations and take corrective actions to mitigate these risks.Setting: Small and medium-sized enterprises in South Africa do not view risk management as a key component of organisational success, despite evidence that businesses that adopt risk management strategies are more likely to survive and grow.Methods: The article is exploratory in nature, and a conceptual analysis approach was used to formulate the framework. This study reviewed relevant literature sources on risk published between 2002 and 2017.Results: The four process steps of risk management were used as a reference point and form the foundation for the operational risk management framework. The categories of operational; marketing; technical and financial risks were identified from a review of available literature on risk management.Conclusion: There is a dearth of research that deals with operational risk management frameworks for SMEs. The expected contribution of this article, therefore, is twofold: firstly, it is envisaged that managers or owners of SMEs could use the proposed framework as a tool to appraise and minimise their operational risks; secondly, it will add to the current body of knowledge on risk appraisal for SMEs.
The significance of employee biographics in explaining employability attributes
Authors: Botha Jo-Anne , Coetzee Mariette 
Published: December 2017

Background: Employability is the capacity of employees to acquire transferable competencies and individual capacities that enable them to adapt to, be innovative in and steer their own careers in a dynamic work environment. It is clear that employers would thus look for employees who are capable of proactive adjustment and action-oriented behaviours.Aim: The aim of the study was to determine whether significant differences exist in the employability attributes of individuals from different gender, race and age groups and if so, how should such a diverse workforce should be managed.Setting: This study was conducted at a distance education institution. The sample of respondents consisted of adult learners who are pursuing further distance learning studies in the economic and management sciences field in South Africa.Methods: Correlational and inferential statistical analyses were used. A stratified random sample of 1102 mainly black and female adult learners participated in the study.Results: The employability attributes framework identified three categories of employability: interpersonal, intrapersonal and career attributes. The research indicated that significant differences exist between gender, race and age groups with regard to employability. Male and female participants differed significantly with regard to entrepreneurial orientation, proactivity and career resilience. The various race groups differed considerably regarding cultural competence and sociability of individuals. Participants older than 50 years scored the highest on self-efficacy.Conclusion and implications: The findings of this research could ensure that previously disadvantaged individuals are not further marginalised because of a lack of employability attributes and that the required employability attributes can be cultivated to ensure advancement and success in the work place.
Pegada hídrica da produção de leite in natura: uma análise das principais regiões produtoras do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Barden Júlia Elisabete , Sindelar Fernanda Cristina Wiebusch , Buttenbender Bruno Nonnemacher , Silva Gustavo Rodrigo da 
Published: December 2017

According to the economic and social importance of the production of in natura milk for the RS, it is also relevant to evaluate the point of view over the environmental sustainability, and one way to do it is through water footprint. The estimation of the water footprint for livestock production contributes to the knowledge about the water consumption, as well as helps to promote the management and conservation of this resource. Therefore, this study’s objective aims to estimate the water footprint of in natura milk production for the main regions in milk production of RS: Coredes Fronteira Noroeste, Produção and Vale do Taquari, in which are covered 77 municipalities. The methodology used is standard for studies of this nature, being the data collected in two distinct ways, concerning relative to milk production and the amount of dairy cattle were collected by municipalities from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE, 2014); and in consolidated literature, relative to pre-established parameters. The results show that the more productive is the herd, the bigger is its capacity of the feed conversion into product, in other words, the bigger is one’s the productivity, the smaller is its water footprint.
Promoting Information Literacy of Pre-Medical Students through Project-Based Learning: A Pilot Study
Authors: Saliba Reya , Mussleman Paul , Fernandes Melanie , Bendriss Rachid 
Published: December 2017

This study describes the implementation of information literacy (IL) skills through the use of the project-based learning (PjBL) method in an English for Academic Purposes (EAP) course. Participants were Arabic speaking students enrolled in the Foundation Program that prepares them for the premedical curriculum in a U.S. medical college in the State of Qatar. A mixed methods approach consisting of a survey, three focus groups, and instructors' observations was used to gather the needed data. The results showed a significant increase in students' advanced research skills. This study emphasizes the benefit of using the PjBL method to develop students' IL skills. It also reinforces the vital role of faculty-librarian partnership in designing learning activities that engage students, foster their critical thinking, and develop their metacognitive skills.
Avoidance and Overuse of Indonesian Language among Balinese Children
Authors: Pageyasa Wayan 
Published: December 2017

The use of Indonesian language by children who speak the Balinese language, especially for children who live in rural areas is quite difficult. This is because their Balinese language is much different from Indonesian language. If they speak Indonesian language, they have to fall back to the language first. That is, language transfer process will take place from Balinese language to Indonesian language. This research aims to describe two phenomena of the language transfer process, namely avoidance and overuse (excessive use). Qualitative data were obtained from one Balinese child, namely Gede. Gede’s daily conversations were recorded to be analyzed. The researcher also used field notes. The results show that there is indeed avoidance and overuse in the use of Indonesian language by Gede. The teachers must be aware of the student's avoidance and overuse of Indonesian language, then the teacher can choose a contextual teaching method that best fits their students’ need in order to enable them to cope with the avoidance and overuse in learning the second language. In conclusion, the Balinese child’s avoidance and overuse, displayed in his use of Indonesian Language, is a concequence of his prior knowledge of his first language (L1) as well as his cultural awareness. Teachers should facilitate their students’ second language (L2) learning by being aware of their L1 prior knowledge and culture.
Spectacles and Refractive Errors: Children’s Perspective
Authors: Maitreya Amit , Dhasmana Renu 
Published: December 2017

Purpose:-
To study common perceptions in children about the use of spectacles as well as refractive error and problems faced by these children while using spectacles.

Methods:-
This was a hospital-based observational study conducted over a period of 2 months in children between 5 to 15 years of age using spectacles. A self-designed, standardized, prevalidated questionnaire was provided and answers were evaluated. Data thus obtained was subjected to standard statistical analysis.

Results:-
Among 55 children in the study, twenty-nine (52.7%) were male and twenty-six (47.3%) were female, with a male-female ratio of 1.1:1. Their average age was 11± 2.8 years. 41.8% children felt that wearing spectacles is a sign of intelligence. 85.5% were of the opinion that if they do not use spectacles, their refractive power will increase. 10.9% children said that the continuous use of spectacles will lead to an increase in their power. 52.7% considered nutritional deficiency as a common cause of refractive error while 67.3% children thought that yoga or diet or traditional medicines or a combination of these can reduce the refractive error. 45.5% felt that they faced problems due to the use of spectacles. 47.3% were teased for using spectacles and 43.6% children considered spectacles as a cosmetic blemish. 36.4% children accepted that they feel ashamed or embarrassed in using spectacles.

Conclusion:-
Knowledge in children regarding use of spectacles and refractive errors is not very encouraging. Children do face problems in using spectacles. There is potential for incorporation of correct information in the curriculum and teachers' training program.
Prevalence Of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Attending Tertiary Care Hospital In Sikkim
Authors: Bhutia Karma Loday , Lomi Neiwete , Bhutia Sonam Choden 
Published: December 2017

Purpose:-
To estimate the prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy and to find its association with age, gender and disease severity among type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods:-
This was a hospital based cross-sectional study conducted in the department of Ophthalmology. A total of 1000 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients underwent detailed ocular examinations for diabetic retinopathy. The International Classification of diabetic retinopathy was followed to categorize the severity of retinopathy.

Results:-
The overall prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was 17.4%, out of which, 55.17% were males and 44.8% females. 91.9% had non proliferative diabetic retinopathy among which, 51.7% had mild, 35.6% moderate and 4.6% severe retinopathy, whereas 8% patients had proliferative diabetic retinopathy. 14% were observed to be suffering from macular edema which on further classification showed as 42.8% mild, 31.4% moderate and 25.71% severe edema. 1.5% diabetic patients developed retinopathy after five years and 30.6% developed after more than 20 years.

Conclusion:-
This was the first study of its kind which estimated the prevalence of DR in a north east Indian hospital-based type 2 diabetic population (17.4%). The study also observed that the presence of DR, despite vision being near normal, strengthens a case for regular ocular examinations in diabetic patients. Our study also created awareness among the patients about DR who were evaluated during the course of the study.
Matched oligoclonal bands: Diagnostic utility and clinical characteristics
Authors: Hoshina Yoji , Abbatemarco Justin R. , Rodenbeck Stefanie J. , Poon Jason T. , Liu Suzanne C. , Paz Soldan M. Mateo , Greenlee John E. , Rose John W. , Peterson Lisa K. , Johnson Lisa , Delic Alen , Smith Tammy L. , Clardy Stacey L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo describe patient clinical characteristics associated with matched oligoclonal bands (OCB).MethodsA retrospective review at the University of Utah examined patients with matched OCB from 2015 to 2020. Clinical data, diagnosis, and outcomes were collected. Patients were classified with either multiple sclerosis (MS), other inflammatory neurologic disorder (other‐IND), or noninflammatory neurologic disorder (NIND).ResultsOf 539 identified patients, 436 (53.4% female) were matched‐only, while 103 (43.7% female) were matched + unique. Patients with matched‐only bands were older (57.4 ± 16 vs. 52 ± 14.2, p < 0.001) and more likely to have a history of autoimmune disease (40.1% vs. 28.2%, p = 0.024) and/or cancer (28.7% vs. 16.5%, p = 0.012). Patients with matched + unique bands were more likely to have CSF pleocytosis (52.4% vs. 25.9%, p < 0.001), high IgG index (52.2% vs. 7.6%, p < 0.001), and an abnormal MRI (86.9% vs. 63.1%, p < 0.001). More than two‐thirds of matched‐only patients had NIND, while 33% and 41.7% of matched + unique patients had MS and other‐IND, respectively. Patients exhibiting matched‐only bands and a high IgG index demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of other‐IND compared to those with matched‐only bands and a normal IgG index (55.6% vs. 30.4%, p = 0.013). While Kaplan–Meier survival curves demonstrated higher mortality in the matched‐only cohort compared to the matched + unique cohort (p = 0.02), multivariable Cox regression analysis showed this difference was not statistically significant when adjusting for various factors. A history of cancer was the significant predictor of increased mortality risk (Hazard ratio = 3.147, 95% CI [2.196, 4.51]).InterpretationPatients with matched only versus matched + unique OCB have distinct clinical profiles.
PAK4 is Required for Meiotic Resumption, Spindle Assembly, and Cortical Migration in Mouse Oocytes During Meiotic Maturation
Authors: Song Ke , Chen Dandan , Li Jingyu , Zhang Jiaqi , Tian Ying , Xu Xiangning , Wang Bicheng , Huang Ziqi , Lou Shuo , Kang Jingyi , Zhang Ningning , Yang Xiaokui , Ma Wei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOocyte meiotic errors can cause infertility, miscarriage, and birth defects. Here the role and the underlying mechanism of p21 activated kinase 4 (PAK4) in mouse oocyte meiosis is evaluated. It is found that PAK4 expression and its phosphorylation are detected in high level at germinal vesicle (GV) stage, and gradually decreased after meiotic resumption in oocytes. PAK4 has direct physical interaction with both mitogen‐activated protein kinases 1/2 (MEK1/2) and Paxillin, they are colocalized on the spindle structure during metaphases I and II. Phospho‐PAK4 is distributed beneath the cytoplasmic membrane and on the chromosomes, and colocalized with the microtubule organizing center (MTOC) proteins, Pericentrin and γ‐tubulin, as well as phosphor‐MEK1/2 and phosphor‐Paxillin on spindle poles. PAK4 inhibition by chemical inhibitor LCH‐7749944, specific Pak4 morpholino oligo or the dominant negative mutant Pak4K350, 351 M influence the meiotic resumption, spindle assembly and its cortical migration, and associated with the downregulation in the dephosphorylation of cyclin dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and the levels of Cyclin B1, MEK1/2, Paxillin, g‐tubulin, acetylated a‐tubulin, Arp3, and Cofilin phosphorylation in oocytes. In sum, PAK4 functions to sustain the rational levels of Cyclin B1, MEK1/2, Paxillin, y‐tubulin, acetylated a‐tubulin, Arp3, and phosphor‐Cofilin in mouse oocytes, thereby promotes the meiotic resumption, spindle assembly, and migration during meiotic maturation.
Fabrication of Robust Forward Osmosis Membrane by Assembling FeOxCly Nanoparticles
Authors: Roy Sonali , Deka Priyamjeet , Gogoi Raktim , Dey Mrityunjoy , Mayawad Kiran , Das Bikash K. , Datta Kasibhatta K. R. , Raidongia Kalyan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOwing to its inherent advantages like low‐energy consumption, low‐fouling propensity, and high recovering ability over high‐pressure‐driven membrane processes, the future of membrane technology is shifting toward forward osmosis (FO). However, the utility of FO in challenging areas is hindered by the lack of suitable FO membranes. Here, the development of innovative FO membranes by depositing weakly magnetic and positively charged FeOxCly nanoparticles on a negatively charged nylon membrane (FeOx‐Nyl) is reported. Remarkably, the FeOx‐Nyl membrane possesses outstanding stability in an aqueous medium and survived in both acidic (pH = 3.3) and basic (pH = 12.2) solutions. Upon varying the loading amount of FeOxCly, the water flux of the FeOx‐Nyl membrane varies from 27.8 to 61.3 LMH (from 5 to 30 mg). Due to its hydrophilic nature, the FeOx‐Nyl membrane exhibits excellent flux recovery rates (FRR), up to ≈70%. The outstanding robustness and high flux of FeOx‐Nyl are exploited in challenging applications like recovering reactive chemical wastes and dehydration of acetic acid.