bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wound Healing Effects of Rose Placenta in a Mouse Model of Full-Thickness Wounds
Authors: Kim Yang Woo , Baek Seung Ryeol , Lee Eun Sook , Lee Sang Ho , Moh Sang Hyun , Kim Soo Yun , Moh Ji Hong , Kondo Chieko , Cheon Young Woo 
Published: November 2015

Background
Rosa damascena, a type of herb, has been used for wound healing in Eastern folk medicine. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of rose placenta from R. damascena in a full-thickness wound model in mice.
Methods Sixty six-week-old C57BL/6N mice were used. Full-thickness wounds were made with an 8-mm diameter punch. Two wounds were made on each side of the back, and wounds were assigned randomly to the control and experimental groups. Rose placenta (250 µg) was injected in the experimental group, and normal saline was injected in the control group. Wound sizes were measured with digital photography, and specimens were harvested. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to assess the expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and CD31. Vessel density was measured. Quantitative analysis using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for EGF was performed. All evaluations were performed on postoperative days 0, 2, 4, 7, and 10. Statistical analyses were performed using the paired t-test.
Results On days 4, 7, and 10, the wounds treated with rose placenta were significantly smaller. On day 2, VEGF and EGF expression increased in the experimental group. On days 7 and 10, TGF-β1 expression decreased in the experimental group. On day 10, vessel density increased in the experimental group. The increase in EGF on day 2 was confirmed with ELISA.
Conclusions Rose placenta was found to be associated with improved wound healing in a mouse full-thickness wound model via increased EGF release. Rose placenta may potentially be a novel drug candidate for enhancing wound healing.
Importance of Pulse Repetition Frequency Adjustment for 3‐ and 4‐Dimensional Power Doppler Quantification
Authors: Miyague Andre H. , Pavan Theo Z. , Soares Carlos A. , De Catte Luc , Nastri Carolina O. , Welsh Alec W. , Martins Wellington P. 
Published: November 2015

ObjectivesTo determine the influence of the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) and wall motion filter on the 3‐dimensional (3D) power Doppler vascularization‐flow index (VFI) and volumetric pulsatility index (PI) obtained from spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) data sets acquired from a common carotid artery of a healthy participant.MethodsWe acquired 11 STIC data sets, 1 for each PRF value ranging from 0.6 to 9.0 kHz. Vascularization‐flow index and volumetric PI values were determined from the 440 static 3D data sets contained in these STIC data sets. Additionally, 3 sets of radio‐frequency data were acquired for offline processing of different wall motion filter values for PRF values of 0.6, 3.3, and 10 kHz.ResultsWe constructed VFI curves and observed 2 patterns: a flattened pattern with a low PRF and a triphasic pattern with a high PRF, correlating with the known pulsed wave Doppler profile of this vessel. Volumetric PI values were around 0 for low PRF settings and increased with increasing PRF. Analysis of the radiofrequency data showed that increasing wall motion filter values gradually filtered out the low‐velocity power Doppler signals while retaining the higher‐velocity ones, allowing the distinction of integrated power Doppler signal velocity throughout the cardiac cycle.ConclusionsWe conclude that the PRF and wall motion filter dramatically influence 3D power Doppler indices and the volumetric PI, and the use of PRF values in which minimum VFI values are measured during the diastolic phase in the spectral Doppler wave may validate the use of the volumetric PI.
Sonographic Quantification of Pronator Quadratus Activity During Gripping Effort
Authors: Shin Won-Jeong , Kim Jong-Pil , Kim Jeong-Sang , Park Hee-Jung 
Published: November 2015

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to obtain quantitative data related to the activity of each head of the pronator quadratus based on dynamic sonographic parameters during gripping effort and to assess their relationships with grip and pronation strengths.MethodsThe forearms of 33 healthy volunteers were evaluated at 5 positions of axial rotation (full supination, 45° supination, neutral, 45° pronation, and full pronation). Echogenic intensity ratios and muscle thicknesses of each head of the pronator quadratus were measured from transverse cross‐sectional sonograms obtained during maximal grip and release. Grip strengths and maximal isokinetic pronation torques at 90°/s and 360°/s were evaluated as strength parameters and correlated with sonographic measures.ResultsEchogenic intensity ratios of both heads significantly decreased during power grip (P≤ .002). Changes in echogenic intensity ratios of the superficial head were greater when the forearm was pronated compared to supination (P< .001), whereas changes in echogenic intensity ratios of the deep head were constant at all forearm positions. Muscle thicknesses of the superficial head maximally increased at the neutral position during power grip (P< .001), whereas muscle thicknesses of the deep head did not change. There were significant negative correlations between grip strength and echogenic intensity ratios of both heads at all respective forearm positions (P ≤ .048). Pronation torque was significantly correlated with echogenic intensity ratios of the superficial head at all forearm positions and the deep head at 45° and full pronation positions (P ≤ .034).ConclusionsThe data revealed that the superficial head of the pronator quadratus more actively contracts when the forearm is in pronation, whereas the deep head constantly contracts at all positions. This study suggests that both heads of the pronator quadratus also play a role in grip strength, but the superficial head contributes more to pronation strength.
Off-label use of mirtazapine for anxiety
Authors: Begert John , Bradley Bridget 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Introduction
Currently, mirtazapine is only approved for use in patients with major depressive disorder, yet the unique dual mechanism of action for this agent has led many to inquire about potential alternative uses. The purpose of this article is to review the evidence available and evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of mirtazapine for use in patients presenting with various forms of anxiety.

Methods
A search of the medical literature using Ovid Medline and the search terms “mirtazapine” and “anxiety disorders” resulted in the identification of 12 trials and 1 meta-analysis investigating off-label mirtazapine use in various subsets of anxiety.

Results
Upon review of the literature, mirtazapine was found to perform significantly better than placebo at controlling symptoms of anxiety with comorbid depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder; and with comparable efficacy, in some cases with significantly better response rates, to more current standard treatments such as tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

Discussion
The observed efficacy of mirtazapine in these trials for the various forms of anxiety and the relatively small side-effect profile warrant consideration for further research into this alternative indication as another option for the treatment of symptoms of anxiety.
Unusually large tsunamis frequent a currently creeping part of the Aleutian megathrust
Authors: Witter Robert C. , Carver Gary A. , Briggs Richard W. , Gelfenbaum Guy , Koehler Richard D. , La Selle SeanPaul , Bender Adrian M. , Engelhart Simon E. , Hemphill‐Haley Eileen , Hill Troy D. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCurrent models used to assess earthquake and tsunami hazards are inadequate where creep dominates a subduction megathrust. Here we report geological evidence for large tsunamis, occurring on average every 300–340 years, near the source areas of the 1946 and 1957 Aleutian tsunamis. These areas bookend a postulated seismic gap over 200 km long where modern geodetic measurements indicate that the megathrust is currently creeping. At Sedanka Island, evidence for large tsunamis includes six sand sheets that blanket a lowland facing the Pacific Ocean, rise to 15 m above mean sea level, contain marine diatoms, cap terraces, adjoin evidence for scour, and date from the past 1700 years. The youngest sheet and modern drift logs found as far as 800 m inland and >18 m elevation likely record the 1957 tsunami. Previously unrecognized tsunami sources coexist with a presently creeping megathrust along this part of the Aleutian Subduction Zone.
Two possible source regions for central Greenland last glacial dust
Authors: Újvári Gábor , Stevens Thomas , Svensson Anders , Klötzli Urs S. , Manning Christina , Németh Tibor , Kovács János , Sweeney Mark R. , Gocke Martina , Wiesenberg Guido L. B. , Markovic Slobodan B. , Zech Michael 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDust in Greenland ice cores is used to reconstruct the activity of dust‐emitting regions and atmospheric circulation. However, the source of dust material to Greenland over the last glacial period is the subject of considerable uncertainty. Here we use new clay mineral and <10 µm Sr–Nd isotopic data from a range of Northern Hemisphere loess deposits in possible source regions alongside existing isotopic data to show that these methods cannot discriminate between two competing hypothetical origins for Greenland dust: an East Asian and/or central European source. In contrast, Hf isotopes (<10 µm fraction) of loess samples show considerable differences between the potential source regions. We attribute this to a first‐order clay mineralogy dependence of Hf isotopic signatures in the finest silt/clay fractions, due to absence of zircons. As zircons would also be absent in Greenland dust, this provides a new way to discriminate between hypotheses for Greenland dust sources.
Obliquity‐driven expansion of North Atlantic sea ice during the last glacial
Authors: Turney Chris S. M. , Thomas Zoë A. , Hutchinson David K. , Bradshaw Corey J. A. , Brook Barry W. , England Matthew H. , Fogwill Christopher J. , Jones Richard T. , Palmer Jonathan , Hughen Konrad A. , Cooper Alan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractNorth Atlantic late Pleistocene climate (60,000 to 11,650 years ago) was characterized by abrupt and extreme millennial duration oscillations known as Dansgaard‐Oeschger (D‐O) events. However, during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) 23,000 to 19,000 cal years ago (23 to 19 ka), no D‐O events are observed in the Greenland ice cores. Our new analysis of the Greenland δ18O record reveals a switch in the stability of the climate system around 30 ka, suggesting that a critical threshold was passed. Climate system modeling suggests that low axial obliquity at this time caused vastly expanded sea ice in the Labrador Sea, shifting Northern Hemisphere westerly winds south and reducing the strength of meridional overturning circulation. The results suggest that these feedbacks tipped the climate system into full glacial conditions, leading to maximum continental ice growth during the LGM.
Static stress drop in the Mw 9 Tohoku‐oki earthquake: Heterogeneous distribution and low average value
Authors: Brown Lonn , Wang Kelin , Sun Tianhaozhe 
Published: November 2015

AbstractStatic stress drop distribution and its average value over the rupture area contain important information on the mechanics of large earthquakes. Here we derive static stress drop distributions from 40 published rupture models for the 2011 Mw 9 Tohoku‐oki earthquake that are based on various multidisciplinary observations. Average stress drop value over the fault area encompassed by the 5 m coseismic slip contour is not unusually large for each rupture model; the mean for the 40 models is 2.3 ± 1.3 MPa, assuming a uniform rigidity 40 GPa. The value for the entire rupture zone and with a more realistic rigidity structure will be even lower. In the majority of the models, local stress drop in parts of the rupture zone well exceeds 20 MPa. The heterogeneous stress change distribution, with large stress drop being accompanied by large stress increase, leads to the small average for the earthquake.
Deep‐sea coral δ13C: A tool to reconstruct the difference between seawater pH and δ11B‐derived calcifying fluid pH
Authors: Martin Patrick , Goodkin Nathalie F. , Stewart Joseph A. , Foster Gavin L. , Sikes Elisabeth L. , White Helen K. , Hennige Sebastian , Roberts J. Murray 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe boron isotopic composition (δ11B) of coral skeleton is a proxy for seawater pH. However, δ11B‐based pH estimates must account for the pH difference between seawater and the coral calcifying fluid, ΔpH. We report that skeletal δ11B and ΔpH are related to the skeletal carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) in four genera of deep‐sea corals collected across a natural pH range of 7.89–8.09, with ΔpH related to δ13C by ΔpH = 0.029 × δ13C + 0.929, r2 = 0.717. Seawater pH can be reconstructed by determining ΔpH from δ13C and subtracting it from the δ11B‐derived calcifying fluid pH. The uncertainty for reconstructions is ±0.12 pH units (2 standard deviations) if estimated from regression prediction intervals or between ±0.04 and ±0.06 pH units if estimated from confidence intervals. Our new approach quantifies and corrects for vital effects, offering improved accuracy relative to an existing δ11B versus seawater pH calibration with deep‐sea scleractinian corals.
Mapping geoelectric fields during magnetic storms: Synthetic analysis of empirical United States impedances
Authors: Bedrosian Paul A. , Love Jeffrey J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractEmpirical impedance tensors obtained from EarthScope magnetotelluric data at sites distributed across the midwestern United States are used to examine the feasibility of mapping magnetic storm induction of geoelectric fields. With these tensors, in order to isolate the effects of Earth conductivity structure, we perform a synthetic analysis—calculating geoelectric field variations induced by a geomagnetic field that is geographically uniform but varying sinusoidally with a chosen set of oscillation frequencies that are characteristic of magnetic storm variations. For north‐south oriented geomagnetic oscillations at a period of T0=100 s, induced geoelectric field vectors show substantial geographically distributed differences in amplitude (approximately a factor of 100), direction (up to 130∘), and phase (over a quarter wavelength). These differences are the result of three‐dimensional Earth conductivity structure, and they highlight a shortcoming of one‐dimensional conductivity models (and other synthetic models not derived from direct geophysical measurement) that are used in the evaluation of storm time geoelectric hazards for the electric power grid industry. A hypothetical extremely intense magnetic storm having 500 nT amplitude at T0=100 s would induce geoelectric fields with an average amplitude across the midwestern United States of about 2.71 V/km, but with a representative site‐to‐site range of 0.15 V/km to 16.77 V/km. Significant improvement in the evaluation of such hazards will require detailed knowledge of the Earth's interior three‐dimensional conductivity structure.
Influence of anthropogenic aerosol deposition on the relationship between oceanic productivity and warming
Authors: Wang Rong , Balkanski Yves , Bopp Laurent , Aumont Olivier , Boucher Olivier , Ciais Philippe , Gehlen Marion , Peñuelas Josep , Ethé Christian , Hauglustaine Didier , Li Bengang , Liu Junfeng , Zhou Feng , Tao Shu 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSatellite data and models suggest that oceanic productivity is reduced in response to less nutrient supply under warming. In contrast, anthropogenic aerosols provide nutrients and exert a fertilizing effect, but its contribution to evolution of oceanic productivity is unknown. We simulate the response of oceanic biogeochemistry to anthropogenic aerosols deposition under varying climate from 1850 to 2010. We find a positive response of observed chlorophyll to deposition of anthropogenic aerosols. Our results suggest that anthropogenic aerosols reduce the sensitivity of oceanic productivity to warming from −15.2 ± 1.8 to −13.3 ± 1.6 Pg C yr−1 °C−1 in global stratified oceans during 1948–2007. The reducing percentage over the North Atlantic, North Pacific, and Indian Oceans reaches 40, 24, and 25%, respectively. We hypothesize that inevitable reduction of aerosol emissions in response to higher air quality standards in the future might accelerate the decline of oceanic productivity per unit warming.
The hydrological cycle response to cirrus cloud thinning
Authors: Kristjánsson Jón Egill , Muri Helene , Schmidt Hauke 
Published: November 2015

AbstractRecent multimodel studies have shown that if one attempts to cancel increasing CO2 concentrations by reducing absorbed solar radiation, the hydrological cycle will weaken if global temperature is kept unchanged. Using a global climate model, we investigate the hydrological cycle response to “cirrus cloud thinning (CCT),” which is a proposed climate engineering technique that seeks to enhance outgoing longwave radiation. Investigations of the “fast response” in experiments with fixed sea surface temperatures reveal that CCT causes a significant enhancement of the latent heat flux and precipitation. This is due to enhanced radiative cooling of the troposphere, which is opposite to the effect of increased CO2 concentrations. By combining CCT with CO2 increase in multidecadal simulations with a slab ocean, we demonstrate a systematic enhancement of the hydrological cycle due to CCT. This leads to enhanced moisture availability in low‐latitude land regions and a strengthening of the Indian monsoon.
Convective and stratiform components of the precipitation‐moisture relationship
Authors: Ahmed Fiaz , Schumacher Courtney 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe reexamine the well known empirical relationship between area‐averaged surface precipitation (P) and the column moisture content (r) using ground radar and satellite observations, with an emphasis on the convective and stratiform rainfall classifications. The rapid rise in P above critical r (rc) or the “pickup” is more pronounced for stratiform rainfall on hourly and less time scales while convective rainfall, displays only a weak pickup above rc. After partitioning the area‐averaged rainfall into conditional rain rates and rain area, we find that the nonlinearity in the P‐r curve can be almost entirely explained by the nonlinear increase in rain area, especially in stratiform regions. These findings have implications for the representation of organized convective cloud systems in global circulation models.
Attachment process in subsequent strokes and residual channel luminosity between strokes of natural lightning
Authors: Tran M. D. , Rakov V. A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe examined high‐speed video and electric field records of 23 subsequent strokes following the previous stroke channel in three natural negative lightning flashes, which were obtained at the Lightning Observatory in Gainesville (LOG), Florida. Five strokes exhibited faintly luminous formations (FLFs) occurring in a single, pre‐return‐stroke frame and ranging from 130 to 908 m in length between the lower end of downward leader and the prospective strike point. The FLFs were inferred to be not streamers (as in first strokes) but manifestations of an increase in conduction current in the defunct channel between the leader and ground in response to the increasing electric field produced by the descending leader. Further, in eight strokes, we observed residual channel luminosity persisting over many frames (for 4.7 to 18 ms), through the pre‐return‐stroke frame. The residual luminosity was apparently associated with a stronger channel heating and a larger channel radius (and hence a lower temperature decay rate), both associated with the relatively long preceding continuing current. Presence of either FLF or residual channel luminosity did not appear to significantly influence the mode and velocity of propagation of the descending leader.
Lateral Wedge Insoles for Reducing Biomechanical Risk Factors for Medial Knee Osteoarthritis Progression: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Arnold John B. , Wong Daniel X. , Jones Richard K. , Hill Catherine L. , Thewlis Dominic 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveLateral wedge insoles are intended to reduce biomechanical risk factors of medial knee osteoarthritis (OA) progression, such as increased knee joint load; however, there has been no definitive consensus on this topic. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to establish the within‐subject effects of lateral wedge insoles on knee joint load in people with medial knee OA during walking.MethodsSix databases were searched from inception until February 13, 2015. Included studies reported on the immediate biomechanical effects of lateral wedge insoles during walking in people with medial knee OA. Primary outcomes of interest relating to the biomechanical risk of disease progression were the first and second peak external knee adduction moment (EKAM) and knee adduction angular impulse (KAAI). Eligible studies were pooled using random‐effects meta‐analysis.ResultsEighteen studies were included with a total of 534 participants. Lateral wedge insoles resulted in a small but statistically significant reduction in the first peak EKAM (standardized mean difference [SMD] −0.19; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] −0.23, −0.15) and second peak EKAM (SMD −0.25; 95% CI −0.32, −0.19) with a low level of heterogeneity (I2 = 5% and 30%, respectively). There was a favorable but small reduction in the KAAI with lateral wedge insoles (SMD −0.14; 95% CI −0.21, −0.07, I2 = 31%). Risk of methodologic bias scores (quality index) ranged from 8 to 13 out of 16.ConclusionLateral wedge insoles cause small reductions in the EKAM and KAAI during walking in people with medial knee OA. Current evidence demonstrates that lateral wedge insoles appear ineffective at attenuating structural changes in people with medial knee OA as a whole and may be better suited to targeted use in biomechanical phenotypes associated with larger reductions in knee load.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Direct CH Olefination of Arenes with Aliphatic Olefins
Authors: Xue Xiao , Xu Jianbin , Zhang Lingjuan , Xu Conghui , Pan Yixiao , Xu Lijin , Li Huanrong , Zhang Weidong 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA rhodium(III)‐catalyzed direct ortho CH bond olefination of arenes, including but not limited to benzamides, arylpyridines and indoles, with a variety of unactivated aliphatic olefins has been developed. In the presence of catalytic amounts of dichloro(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)rhodium(III) dimer {[Cp*RhCl2]2}, copper(II) acetate monohydrate [Cu(OAc)2⋅H2O] and silver hexafluoroantimonate(V) (AgSbF6), the coupling reaction occurred efficiently to afford the ortho‐olefinated linear products in good to excellent yields with high regio‐ and stereoselectivities, and a range of functional groups in both coupling partners is compatible with the reaction conditions. This protocol relies on the use of directing groups, and the addition of AgSbF6 as additive is crucial for the catalysis. This new method expands the scope of rhodium(III)‐catalyzed direct CH bond olefination of arenes, and provides a rapid access to useful linear arylation products of unactivated olefins.magnified image