bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma, subcutaneous tissue and bone concentrations of ceftiofur sodium after regional limb perfusion in horses
Authors: Cox K. S. , Nelson B. B. , Wittenburg L. , Gold J. R. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryReasons for performing studyRegional limb perfusion (RLP) is an effective treatment option for injuries and infections of the distal limb in horses. Using ceftiofur sodium inRLPhas been studied due to its superior spectrum of Gram‐positive organisms compared to aminoglycosides, but it is not known if this antimicrobial drug adequately penetrates subcutaneous tissue and bone.ObjectiveTo determine the concentration of ceftiofur in plasma, subcutaneous tissue and bone in horses afterRLP.Study designExperimental prospective study.MethodsSix healthy horses were used in this study. Under standing sedation, an Esmarch tourniquet was applied to both proximal metacarpi andRLPwas performed in each forelimb by injecting either ceftiofur sodium (experimental limb) or saline (control limb) i.v. in the lateral palmar digital vein. The experimental limb was injected with 2 g ceftiofur diluted to 60mLwith sterile saline. The control limb was injected with 60mLof sterile saline. The tourniquet was left in place for 30 min post injection. Plasma, subcutaneous tissue and cortical bone samples were collected immediately after tourniquet removal (0.5 h), 12 and 24 h post injection. Ceftiofur concentrations and its active metabolite desfuroylceftiofur were analysed using high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and the results were compared between control and experimental limbs using a Wilcoxon signed rank test.ResultsThe median plasma concentrations were greater than the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for common pathogens (1 μg/mL) at 0 and 12 h postRLP. The median subcutaneous tissue concentrations were greater thanMIC(1 μg/g) at all 3 time points in the experimental limb. The median bone concentration was aboveMIC(1 μg/g) at time 0 in the experimental limb but was belowMICat 12 and 24 h in the experimental limb.ConclusionsCeftiofur administration viaRLPmaintained plasma concentrations aboveMICfor 12 h. Subcutaneous tissue concentrations aboveMICwere maintained for 24 h. Bone concentrations were only aboveMICimmediately after tourniquet removal. Further research is needed to evaluate ceftiofur administration viaRLPand its implications in disease states.
The influence of beverages on residual spiciness elicited by eating spicy chicken meat: time‐intensity analysis
Authors: Samant Shilpa S. , Cho Sungeun , Whitmore Andrew D. , Oliveira Syllas B. S. , Mariz Thais B. , Seo Han‐Seok 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThis study aimed to determine whether five types of beverage, milk (3.3% fat), oolong tea, tomato juice, sparkling water and spring water, reduce the residual spiciness elicited by eating spicy chicken over time. After tasting a piece of spicy popcorn chicken, participants were asked to drink one of five beverages one after another and rate the spiciness intensity using the time‐intensity (TI) analysis. Based on theTIparameters, milk was found to be the best beverage to reduce residual spiciness of spicy chicken over time. Participants rated milk the most effective in decreasing residual spiciness of spicy chicken. Partial least squares regression revealed that the threeTIparameters, area under the curve, decreasing area and increasing area, are the best predictors of the self‐reported ratings for spiciness‐reduction effect of individual beverages. In conclusion, this study shows that milk (3.3% fat) can be used as a palate cleanser for spicy chicken.
Validation of the Turkish Cervical Cancer and Human Papilloma Virus Awareness Questionnaire
Authors: Özdemir E. , Kısa S. 
Published: July 2016

AimThe aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the ‘Cervical Cancer and Human Papilloma Virus Awareness Questionnaire’ among fertility age women by adapting the scale into Turkish.BackgroundCervical cancer is the fourth most commonly form seen among women. Death from cervical cancer ranks third among causes and is one of the most preventable forms of cancer.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 360 women from three family health centres between January 5 and June 25, 2014.ResultsInternal consistency showed that the Kuder‐Richardson 21 reliability coefficient in the first part was 0.60, Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient was 0.61 in the second part. The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin value of the items on the scale was 0.712. The Barlett test was significant. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the model matched the data adequately.ConclusionThis study shows that the Turkish version of the instrument is a valid and reliable tool to evaluate knowledge, perceptions and preventive behaviours of women regarding human papilloma virus and cervical cancer.Implications for nursing and policy makersNurses who work in the clinical and primary care settings need to screen, detect and refer women who may be at risk from cervical cancer.
Intellectual Disabilities and Decision Making at End of Life: A Literature Review
Authors: Kirkendall Abbie , Linton Kristen , Farris Saritha 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundIndividuals with an intellectual disability are vulnerable to having end‐of‐life decisions made for them merely due to the presence of a disability. As a result, decisions made by others may not reflect the exact wishes of the individual.MethodsThis review examines literature on individuals with an intellectual disability in making end‐of‐life decisions from the years 2000 to 2014. A total of 38 articles were found with 12 articles having a direct focus on end‐of‐life decision making.ResultsThe emerging themes include the following: (i) assumption of lack of capacity, (ii) inconsistency in evaluating capacity and communication challenges and (iii) third party decisions.ConclusionsEarlier discussions about end‐of‐life planning before the diagnosis of a life‐limiting illness would be beneficial. Lacking is a consistent approach to determining capacity for individuals with an intellectual disability. The findings from this review provide a foundation for a decision tree in end‐of‐life decision making for individuals with an intellectual disability.
Geographical clines of body size in terrestrial amphibians: water conservation hypothesis revisited
Authors: Gouveia Sidney F. , Correia Isadora 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimFaced with the dispute regarding spatial gradients of body size in ectotherms, we build upon their long‐known allometric relationship with water economy, which scales with thermal and hydric regimes, to revisit and refine the water conservation hypothesis (WCH). We provide a brief description of the WCH, including its physiological basis and geographical predictions for body size clines in terrestrial amphibians, and test it against heat‐based hypotheses in four amphibian clades.LocationThe Americas.MethodsWe employ phylogenetic comparative analyses to examine relationships between body size and both temperature, as a descriptor of the effect of heat alone, and potential evapotranspiration, which describes the water constraint along evaporative gradients. We assess these relationships in four amphibian clades: the subfamily of leaf frogs (Phyllomedusinae), genera of gladiator frogs (Hypsiboas), salamanders (Plethodon) and the family of glass frogs (Centrolenidae).ResultsThree clades did not show phylogenetic signals in body size variation. In addition, three clades showed a positive relationship with potential evapotranspiration as predicted, and all of them were unrelated to temperature. When present, however, the explanatory power of evaporative energy on body size variation was relatively weak.Main conclusionsThe conservation of water across evaporative gradients is both a more comprehensive explanation and a more pervasive driver of spatial clines in body size among terrestrial amphibians than is the balance of heat alone. However, the relatively low predictive ability of evaporative energy and its dependence on specific climatic configurations both emphasize and elucidate the non‐universality of the phenomenon.
Aggressiveness of End‐of‐Life Care for Hospitalized Individuals with Cancer with and without Dementia: A Nationwide Matched‐Cohort Study in France
Authors: Morin Lucas , Beaussant Yvan , Aubry Régis , Fastbom Johan , Johnell Kristina 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesTo compare the aggressiveness of end‐of‐life care in hospitalized individuals with cancer with and without dementia in France.DesignNationwide register‐based matched‐cohort study.SettingHospital facilities in France.ParticipantsAll individuals with cancer aged 65 and older with a diagnosis of dementia who died between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2013, matched one‐to‐one with individuals with cancer without dementia (n = 26,782 matched pairs).ResultsOlder individuals with cancer with dementia were less likely to receive aggressive treatment in their last month of life than those who were not diagnosed with dementia. Dementia was associated with significantly greater likelihood of receiving chemotherapy (2.8% vs 8.5%, P < .001, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.31–0.36) in the month before death. Individuals with dementia were also less likely to receive radiation therapy (aOR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.43–0.56), blood transfusions (aOR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.64–0.70), artificial nutrition (aOR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.73–0.85), and invasive ventilation (aOR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.57–0.68), although they were more likely to remain hospitalized over their entire last month of life (aOR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.37–1.48) and to have more than one emergency department visit (aOR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.12–1.34).ConclusionOlder hospitalized adults with cancer with dementia are less likely to receive aggressive cancer treatment near the end of life than those without dementia. This discrepancy raises important ethical questions for clinicians and healthcare policy‐makers.
Increased Ubqln2 expression causes neuron death in transgenic rats
Authors: Huang Bo , Wu Qinxue , Zhou Hongxia , Huang Cao , Xia Xu‐Gang 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPathogenic mutation of ubiquilin 2 (UBQLN2) causes neurodegeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. How UBQLN2 mutations cause the diseases is not clear. While over‐expression of UBQLN2 with pathogenic mutation causes neuron death in rodent models, deletion of the Ubqln2 in rats has no effect on neuronal function. Previous findings in animal models suggest that UBQLN2 mutations cause the diseases mainly through a gain rather than a loss of functions. To examine whether the toxic gain in UBQLN2 mutation is related to the enhancement of UBQLN2 functions, we created new transgenic rats over‐expressing wild‐type human UBQLN2. Considering that human UBQLN2 may not function properly in the rat genome, we also created transgenic rats over‐expressing rat's own Ubqln2. When over‐expressed in rats, both human and rat wild‐type Ubqln2 caused neuronal death and spatial learning deficits, the pathologies that were indistinguishable from those observed in mutant UBQLN2 transgenic rats. Over‐expressed wild‐type UBQLN2 formed protein inclusions attracting the autophagy substrate sequestosome‐1 and the proteasome component 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 7. These findings suggest that excess UBQLN2 is toxic rather than protective to neurons and that the enhancement of UBQLN2 functions is involved in UBQLN2 pathogenesis.
image
Pathogenic mutation in ubiquilin 2 (UBQLN2) causes neurodegeneration in ALS and FTLD. Studies in rodent models suggest a gain of toxic function in mutant UBQLN2. We created new transgenic rats as a relevant model and examined whether enhancing wild‐type UBQLN2 expression is implicated in the pathogenesis of mutant UBQLN2. We observed that over‐expression of human or rat wild‐type Ubqln2 caused protein aggregation and neuronal death in transgenic rats. Our findings suggest that excess UBQLN2 is toxic rather than protective to neurons and that uncontrolled enhancement of UBQLN2 function is involved in UBQLN2 pathogenesis.
Read the Editorial Highlight for this article on page 159.
An Audit of Nursing Documentation at Three Public Hospitals in Jamaica
Authors: Lindo Jascinth , Stennett Rosain , Stephenson‐Wilson Kayon , Barrett Kerry Ann , Bunnaman Donna , Anderson‐Johnson Pauline , Waugh‐Brown Veronica , Wint Yvonne 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPurposeNursing documentation provides an important indicator of the quality of care provided for hospitalized patients. This study assessed the quality of nursing documentation on medical wards at three hospitals in Jamaica.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study audited a multilevel stratified sample of 245 patient records from three type B hospitals. An audit instrument which assessed nursing documentation of client history, biological data, client assessment, nursing standards, discharge planning, and teaching facilitated data collection. Descriptive statistics were conducted using IBM SPSS, Version 19 (IBM Inc., Armonk, NY, USA).FindingsRecords from three hospitals (Hospital 1, n = 119, 48.6%; Hospital 2, n = 56, 22.9%; Hospital 3, n = 70, 28.6%) were audited. Documented evidence of the patient's chief complaint (81.6%), history of present illness (78.8%), past health (79.2%), and family health (11.0%) were noted; however, less than a third of the dockets audited recorded adequate assessment data (e.g., occupation or living accommodations of patients). The audit noted 90% of records had a physical assessment completed within 24 hr of admission and entries timed, dated, and signed by a nurse. Less than 5% of dockets had evidence of patient teaching, and 13.5% had documented evidence of discharge planning conducted within 72 hr of admission.ConclusionsThis study highlights the weakness in nursing documentation and the need for increased training and continued monitoring of nursing documentation at the hospitals studied. Additional research regarding the factors that affect nursing documentation practice could prove useful.Clinical RelevanceThe study provides valuable information for the development of strategic risk management programs geared at improving the quality of care delivered to clients and presents an opportunity for nurse leaders to implement structured interventions geared at improving nursing documentation in Jamaica. In light of Jamaica's epidemiologic transition of chronic diseases, gaps in nurses’ documentation of client assessment, patient teaching, and discharge planning should be addressed with urgency. Patient teaching and discharge planning enable the clients to participate more effectively in their health maintenance process.
Assessing the impact of educational intervention in patients with hypertension
Authors: Ho Tai Mooi , Estrada Dolors , Agudo Josep , Arias Piedad , Capillas Raúl , Gibert Elvira , Isnard Mª Mar , Solé Mª José , Salvadó Anna 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYBackgroundIt is accepted that patient education can be beneficial in the treatment of chronic diseases. We conducted an educational intervention (EI) in hypertensive patients seen at Primary Care centres (PCC) and specialised Hypertension Units (SHU).ObjectivesTo assess patient's knowledge of hypertension and to verify the impact of this educational initiative.MethodsA multicentre quasi‐experimental study with the participation of 120 patients with hypertension. EI consisted of oral and written information which included the definition of hypertension, causes, cardiovascular risk factors and means of control. A self‐administered questionnaire was used to assess patient's knowledge before and after EI.ResultsSixty‐two (52%) patients were from PCC and 58 (48%) from SHU (mean age: 61 ± 13.3 years, 59% were women). There were no differences in baseline characteristics between patients attending at PCC and SHU. The definition of hypertension (blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or ≥90 mmHg was known by 48% and 99% of the participants before and after EI, respectively (p < 0.001). Poor baseline knowledge about the risks of hypertension was related to kidneys (54%) and eyes (58%). After EI this knowledge increased to 100% (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). A significant improvement in knowledge about medication was observed (51% before and 87% after EI; p = 0.004).ConclusionsThis study shows a positive impact of EI to improve patients' knowledge about hypertension. However, further studies are needed to assess if EI produces behaviour changes in the long term, as this might enhance optimal blood pressure control to prevent kidney disease or delay its progression.
Hydroxysafflor yellow A inhibits TGF-β1-induced activation of human fetal lung fibroblasts in vitro
Authors: Pan Ruiyan , Zhang Yadan , Zang Baoxia , Tan Li , Jin Ming 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Objective
Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) is one of the chemical component isolated from Chinese medicine Carthamus tinctorius L. Our preliminary study confirmed that HSYA attenuated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. In this study, we evaluated the effect of HSYA on TGF-β1-induced activation of human fetal lung fibroblasts (MRC-5) and explored the underlying mechanisms of its activity.

Method
MRC-5 cells activated by TGF-β1 were incubated with HSYA and/or the TGF-β type I receptor inhibitor, SB431542. TGF-β1-induced cell proliferation, α-smooth muscle actin, collagen I alpha 1 and fibronectin expression, Smad, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt signalling pathway activation were observed.

Key findings
Hydroxysafflor yellow A significantly inhibited TGF-β1-induced cell proliferation and the expression, both mRNA and protein, of α-smooth muscle actin, collagen I alpha 1 and fibronectin. HSYA also suppressed TGF-β1 activation of Smad signal transduction via inhibition of Smad2 and Smad3 phosphorylation, their nuclear translocation and the binding activity of Smad3 to type I collagen promoter in MRC-5 cells. In addition, HSYA inhibited TGF-β1-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). The inhibitory effects of HSYA were similar to SB431542.

Conclusion
These findings suggest that HSYA inhibits TGF-β1-induced activation of MRC-5 cells associated with TGF-β1/Smad and ERK/MAPK signalling pathways.
Advanced signal analysis for the detection of periodic limb movements from bilateral ankle actigraphy
Authors: Athavale Yashodhan , Krishnan Sridhar , Dopsa Dustin D. , Berneshawi Andrew G. , Nouraei Hirmand , Raissi Afsaneh , Murray Brian J. , Boulos Mark I. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryActigraphy can assist in the detection of periodic limb movements in sleep. Although several actigraphs have been previously reported to accurately detect periodic limb movements, many are no longer available; of the existing actigraphs, most sample too infrequently to accurately detect periodic limb movements. The purpose of this study was to use advanced signal analysis to validate a readily available actigraph that has the capability of sampling at relatively high frequencies. We simultaneously recorded polysomnography and bilateral ankle actigraphy in 96 consecutive patients presenting to our sleep laboratory. After pre‐processing and conditioning, the bilateral ankle actigraphy signals were then analysed for 14 simple time, frequency and morphology‐based features. These features reduced the signal dimensionality and aided in better representation of the periodic limb movement activity in the actigraph signals. These features were then processed by a Naïve‐Bayes binary classifier for distinguishing between normal and abnormal periodic limb movement indices. We trained the Naïve‐Bayes classifier using a training set, and subsequently tested its classification accuracy using a testing set. From our experiments, using a periodic limb movement index cut‐off of 5, we found that the Naïve‐Bayes classifier had a correct classification rate of 78.9%, with a sensitivity of 80.3% and a specificity of 73.7%. The algorithm developed in this study has the potential of facilitating identification of periodic limb movements across a wide spectrum of patient populations via the use of bilateral ankle actigraphy.
GABA‐producing Bifidobacterium dentium modulates visceral sensitivity in the intestine
Authors: Pokusaeva K. , Johnson C. , Luk B. , Uribe G. , Fu Y. , Oezguen N. , Matsunami R. K. , Lugo M. , Major A. , Mori‐Akiyama Y. , Hollister E. B. , Dann S. M. , Shi X. Z. , Engler D. A. , Savidge T. , Versalovic J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundRecurrent abdominal pain is a common and costly health‐care problem attributed, in part, to visceral hypersensitivity. Increasing evidence suggests that gut bacteria contribute to abdominal pain perception by modulating the microbiome‐gut‐brain axis. However, specific microbial signals remain poorly defined. γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a principal inhibitory neurotransmitter and a key regulator of abdominal and central pain perception from peripheral afferent neurons. Although gut bacteria are reported to produce GABA, it is not known whether the microbial‐derived neurotransmitter modulates abdominal pain.MethodsTo investigate the potential analgesic effects of microbial GABA, we performed daily oral administration of a specific Bifidobacterium strain (B. dentiumATCC 27678) in a rat fecal retention model of visceral hypersensitivity, and subsequently evaluated pain responses.Key ResultsWe demonstrate that commensal Bifidobacterium dentium produces GABA via enzymatic decarboxylation of glutamate by GadB. Daily oral administration of this specific Bifidobacterium (but not a gadB deficient) strain modulated sensory neuron activity in a rat fecal retention model of visceral hypersensitivity.Conclusions & InferencesThe functional significance of microbial‐derived GABA was demonstrated by gadB‐dependent desensitization of colonic afferents in a murine model of visceral hypersensitivity. Visceral pain modulation represents another potential health benefit attributed to bifidobacteria and other GABA‐producing species of the intestinal microbiome. Targeting GABAergic signals along this microbiome‐gut‐brain axis represents a new approach for the treatment of abdominal pain.
Meta‐analytic modelling of the incidence–yield and incidence–sclerotial production relationships in soybean white mould epidemics
Authors: Lehner M. S. , Pethybridge S. J. , Meyer M. C. , Del Ponte E. M. 
Published: July 2016

White mould (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) is a destructive disease of soybean worldwide. However, little is known of its impact on soybean production in Brazil. A meta‐analytic approach was used to assess the relationship between disease incidence and soybean yield (35 trials) and between incidence and sclerotia production (29 trials) in experiments conducted in 14 locations across four seasons. Region, site elevation and season included as moderators in random‐effects and random‐coefficients models did not significantly explain the variability in the slopes of the incidence–yield relationship. The Pearson'sr, obtained from back‐transforming the Fisher'sZestimated by an overall random‐effects model, showed that incidence of white mould was moderately and negatively correlated with yield (r = −0.76,P < 0.0001). A random‐coefficients model estimated a slope of −17.2 kg ha−1%−1, for a mean attainable yield of 3455 kg ha−1, indicating that a 10% increase in white mould incidence would result in a mean yield reduction of 172 kg ha−1. White mould incidence and production of sclerotia were strongly and positively correlated (r = 0.85,P < 0.0001). For every 10% increase in white mould incidence, 1 kg ha−1of sclerotia was produced. The relationship between disease incidence and production of sclerotia was stronger in southern regions and at higher elevation. In the absence of management, economic losses associated with white mould epidemics, assuming 43% incidence in 22% of the soybean area, were estimated at approximatelyUS$1.47 billion annually within Brazil.