bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Rum Igneous Centre, Scotland
Authors: Emeleus C. H. , Troll V. R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe publication of the British Geological Survey memoir on Rum and the Small Isles in 1997 was followed by a period of intense petrological and mineralogical research, leading to some 40 papers, books and other publications. The research progress since then is reviewed here and integrated with the information previously available to provide an overview of the current status of understanding of the centre. New data on the acidic and mixed acid/basic magmas of the early Rum caldera demonstrate that frequent mafic replenishments were the main driver for magmatic activity at Rum right from its initial stages. The caldera is bound by the Main Ring Fault, a structure which probably also exercised an influence on the emplacement of the subsequent basic and ultrabasic intrusions. The later emplacement of gabbros and ultrabasic rocks caused only limited thermal metamorphism of the surrounding Torridonian sandstones, contrasting markedly with the crustal isotope signatures of the early intracaldera ignimbrite magmas and the intense alteration of uplifted masses of Lewisian gneiss within the ring fault. Rare picritic dykes provide an indication of the possible parent magma for the mafic and ultrabasic rocks, but these, as with most other magmatic rocks on Rum, have undergone varying degrees of crustal contamination, involving both Lewisian granulite and amphibolite-type crust but, notably, no Moine metasedimentary compositions as is the case at the nearby Ardnamurchan centre. Detailed textural studies on the gabbroic and ultrabasic rocks allow a distinction between intrusive peridotites and peridotite that forms part of the classic layered cumulate units of Rum and, furthermore, this work and that on the chromite seams and veins in these rocks shows that movement of trapped magma and magma derived from later intrusions, may produce textures regarded previously as of primary cumulate origin. Sulfides in the chromitite seams and ultrabasic rocks, in turn, show possible influences from assimilated Mesozoic sediments. Igneous activity on Rum was short-lived, possibly only between 0.5 and 1 m.y. in duration and commenced at ∼60.5 Ma. The Rum Central Complex was extinct by the time the main activity at the nearby Skye Central Complex commenced (∼59 Ma). From recent apatite fission-track studies it seems probable that Rum, in common with other Palaeogene centres, underwent a brief, but significantly later heating event (∼45 Ma).
On the complex H-bonding network in paravauxite, Fe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2O: A single-crystal neutron diffraction study
Authors: Gatta G. D. , Vignola P. , Meven M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe crystal structure and the chemical composition of a paravauxite from the Siglo Veinte Mine, Llallagua, Bustillo Province, Potosi Department, Bolivia [Fe(Fe0.9162+Mn0.0162+Mg0.064Ca0.002)∑0.998Al(1)Al(2)Al2.005P(P1.998Si0.002)∑2O8(OH)2·8H2O, a = 5.242(1) Å, b = 10.569(2) Å, c = 6.970(2) Å, α = 106.78(3)°, β = 110.81(2)° and γ = 72.29(2)°, space group P], was investigated by single-crystal neutron diffraction and electron microprobe analysis in wavelength-dispersive mode. Neutron-intensity data were collected at 293 K and anisotropic structure refinement was performed. At the end of the refinement no peak larger than ±1.3 fm/Å3 was present in the final difference-Fourier map of the nuclear density. The final statistical index was R1 = 0.0495 for 194 refined parameters and 1678 unique reflections with Fo > 4σ(Fo). Eleven independent H sites (i.e. H(1), H(2), H(3), H(4A), H(4B), H(5), H(6), H(7), H(8), H(9A) and H(9B)), all at ∼1 Å from the respective O sites, were located successfully. H(4A) and H(4B) and H(9A) and H(9B) are two mutually exclusive subsite couples only 0.4−0.6 Å apart. The complex H-bonding scheme in the paravauxite structure is now well defined and 12 independent H bonds, with an energetically favourable bonding configuration, are described. A comparison between the previous experimental findings based on Raman and infrared spectroscopy and those obtained in this present study is carried out. Paravauxite provides the rare opportunity to investigate the H-bond configuration of coexisting hydroxyl groups and H2O molecules in minerals by single-crystal neutron diffraction. H2O is present as zeolitic (i.e. lying in the cavities) and non-zeolitic H2O (i.e. bonded to Al or Fe to form Al or Fe octahedra).
Crystal-chemical study of wavellite from Zbirov, Czech Republic
Authors: Capitelli F. , Della Ventura G. , Bellatreccia F. , Sodo A. , Saviano M. , Ghiara M. R. , Rossi M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe crystal chemistry of wavellite from Zbirov (Czech Republic), ideally Al3(PO4)2(OH,F)3·5H2O, was addressed by means of a multi-methodological approach based on electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) using wave-dispersive spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder and singlecrystal infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The EMPA data showed the presence of significant F replacing OH in the sample studied. The structure was solved in thePcmnorthorhombic space group, with the following unit-cell constants:a= 9.6422(7),b= 17.4146(15),c= 7.0094(2) Å,V= 1176.98(10) Å3. Phosphorus atoms display tetrahedral (PO4) coordination, while Al cations display octahedral coordination. The mineral framework can be viewed as the repetition of cationic arrays made up of AlO6polyhedra, bridged by PO4groups and further joined by O–H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The single-crystal unpolarized Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum shows combination bands indicating the presence of both OH and H2O in the structure. Both FTIR and Raman spectra show a broad absorption extending from 3600 to 2800 cm−1resulting from the overlapping of several components due to the water molecules and the OH group. The frequencies observed are comparable to those expected on the basis of the Libowitzky relationship for the range ofD–H⋯Abond systems in the structure.
The Rise of Primary Care Physicians in the Provision of US Mental Health Care
Authors: Olfson Mark 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Primary care physicians have assumed an increasingly important role in US outpatient mental health care. They are providing an increasing volume of outpatient mental health services, prescribing a growing number and variety of psychotropic medications, and treating patients with a broader array of mental health conditions. These trends, which run counter to a general trend toward specialization and subspecialization within US health care, place new strains on the clinical competencies of primary care physicians. They also underscore the importance of implementing more effective models of collaboration between primary care physicians and mental health specialists. Several elements of the Affordable Care Act provide options for financing and organizing the delivery of integrated general medical and behavioral services. Such integrated services have the potential to improve access and quality of outpatient mental health care for a range of psychiatric disorders. Because people with severe and persisting mental disorders commonly require a higher-level medical expertise than is readily available within primary care as well as a complex array of social services, separate specialized mental health will likely continue to play a vitally important role in caring for this population.
Stigma as an Unrecognized Determinant of Population Health: Research and Policy Implications
Authors: Link Bruce , Hatzenbuehler Mark L. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Stigma processes play an underrecognized role in the distribution of life chances, influencing health through the production of disadvantage and the induction of stress. Policies enact stigma processes, mitigate them, or ignore them. If each of these two statements is correct, the intersection of stigma and policy demands our attention. We propose a change of perspective from an approach that considers one stigmatized status and one outcome at a time to a perspective that considers the full range of stigmatized statuses and outcomes so as to reveal stigma's full impact. Concerning the second statement, literature addressing “structural stigma” provides compelling evidence that policy enacts stigma and harms health in some circumstances and mitigates stigma and improves health in others. In addition to the effects of active policies, we also bring attention to policy inattention—doing nothing. A core feature of stigma is a discounting—a mattering less—that allows and even fosters policy inattention toward the concerns of stigmatized groups. We end by engaging David Mechanic and Linda H. Aiken's ideas concerning how social science influences policy by changing how people think about problems and hope that our consideration of stigma and policy might ultimately have such a consequence.
Partisanship, Dysfunction, and Racial Fears: The New Normal in Health Care Policy?
Authors: Morone James A. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Partisan politics snarled both the passage and the implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). This essay examines partisanship's effects on health policy and asks whether the ACA experience was an exception or the new political normal. Partisanship itself has been essential for American democracy, but American institutions were not designed to handle its current form—ideologically pure, racially sorted, closely matched parties playing by “Gingrich rules” before a partisan media. The new partisanship injects three far-reaching changes into national health policy: an unprecedented lack of closure, a decline in the traditional political arts of compromise and bargaining, and a failure to define and debate alternative health policies. We can get a better sense of how far partisanship reaches by turning to state health policies. The highly charged national debate has migrated into some of the states; others retain the traditional politics of compromise and problem solving. There are preliminary indications that the difference lies in the dynamics of race and ethnicity.
Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Fast – Fired Clinker Tiles Based on Wierzbka I Raw Material
Authors: Gajek M. , Rapacz-Kmita A. , Dudek M. , Partyka J. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The article presents results of research on microstructural and mechanical properties of floor tiles clinker manufactured on the basis of Wierzbka I raw material, which is part of the deposit Wierzbka, near Suchedniów. Wierzbka I clay was added in various volume fractions to the standard tile compositions used in industrial practice. The samples were pressed in a range of from 21 MPa to 42 MPa and fired in the laboratory furnace at 1130°C to 1190°C. Selected compositions were pressed at 28 MPa and fired in a standard industrial environment. The process of firing was conducted in an industrial kiln at temperature of 1160°C for 38 minutes, with holding for 4 minutes at maximum operating temperature. The samples, which were prepared in the laboratory and industrial conditions were evaluated for the effect of addition of the Wierzbka I clay on their microstructural and mechanical properties based on the measurement results of linear shrinkage, bulk density, open porosity, water absorption and flexural strength (Ϭ) of the tiles. Microstructural changes were observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results revealed that the tested tiles were characterized by a high degree of sintering, an apparent density of 2.5 g/cm3, an open porosity and water absorption below 0.5%. The measurement results of mechanical bending strength showed that the tested samples had a high strength of 50 MPa.
Genetic Analysis of Basic and Composite Reproduction Traits in Guilan Sheep
Authors: Eteqadi Bahareh , Hossein-Zadeh Navid Ghavi , Shadparvar Abdol Ahad 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The objective of the present study was to estimate genetic parameters for reproductive traits in Guilan sheep. Data were comprised of 14,534 records of lambs from 136 sires and 2,021 dams which were collected during 1994 to 2011 by the Agriculture Organization of Guilan Province in the north of Iran. The basic reproductive traits were litter size at birth (LSB), litter size at weaning (LSW), litter mean weight per lamb born (LMWLB), and litter mean weight per lamb weaned (LMWLW). The composite reproductive traits were total litter weight at birth per ewe lambing (TLWB) and total litter weight at weaning per ewe lambing (TLWW). The general linear model procedure of SAS was used for determining the fixed effects which had significant effect on the traits under study. The flock-year-season of lambing had significant effect on studied traits (P<0.01). The genetic parameters were estimated with repeatability animal model using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) procedure of the Wombat program. Direct heritability estimates were 0.00, 0.00, 0.01, 0.01, and 0.03 for LSB, LSW, LMWLW, TLWB, and TLWW, respectively, and corresponding repeatabilities were 0.2, 0.00006, 0.01, 0.972 and 0.034, respectively. Genetic correlation estimates between traits ranged from -0.99 for LSB-LSW to 0.99 for LMWLW-TLWW. Phenotypic correlations ranged from -0.09 for LSB-TLWB to 0.98 for LMWLW-TLWW and environmental correlations ranged from -0.03 for LSW-TLWW to 0.98 for LMWLW-TLWW. The results showed that strong positive genetic correlations of LMWLB and LMWLW with other traits may improve meat production efficiency in Guilan sheep. The low estimates of heritability and repeatability obtained for ewe productivity traits indicate that selection based on the ewe’s own performance may result in slow genetic improvement.
The Effect of Low and High Cowshed Temperatures on the Behaviour and Milk Performance of Czech Fleckvieh Cows
Authors: Večeřa Milan , Falta Daniel , Filipčík Radek , Chládek Gustav , Lategan Francois 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
A group of 98 Czech Fleckvieh cows (one section) was observed over the period of one year with the aim to determine the variation in their milk performance and behaviour at different cowshed temperatures. Behaviour and milk yield were recorded once a week (on the same day) at 10:00. Periods of 8 weeks with the highest temperature (hot period - H) and of 8 weeks with the lowest temperature (cold period - L) were then compared. The cows were housed in one section (1/4 of the total capacity) of the free-stall cubicle shed and where the cubicles were distributed into three rows. Row A (32 cubicles) was close to the feeding plateau, row B (33 cubicles) was in the centre and row C (38 cubicles) was peripheral, close to the side wall. The cowshed temperature was monitored on a daily basis and the mean temperature was 23.2°C in the hot period and -1.7°C in the cold period, relative humidity 60.2% (H) and 74.6% (L), and THI 69.4 (H) and 33.4 (L). The behaviour of the cows was recorded 1568 times, showing them mostly lying down (1037) or standing (531). The cows tended to prefer lying down on their left sides (594 observations) as opposed to their right sides (443). Row A was favoured by the cows (418) and row B was the least popular (377). The cows produced significantly more milk in H period than in L period (0.3 kg per day). The cows lying down were older (3.18 lactations) than the standing cows (2.99 lactations) and they tended to produce more milk per day (by 0.6 kg) but the difference was found to be insignificant. The cows lying resting on their left side produced more milk per day (0.9 kg) and were older (0.02 lactations). The cows in row C were the youngest (2.94 lactations) and the cows in row B were in the last days in milk (144.1 days).
Performance and Phosphorus Utilization of Broiler Chickens Fed Low Phytate Barley and Pea Based Diets with Graded Levels of Inorganic Phosphorus
Authors: Kahindi Roseline Kafedha , Thacker Philip A. , Lee Sang In , Kim In Ho , Nyachoti Charles Martin 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The effects of feeding diets based on soybean meal, low phytate hulless barley (Lphybarley) and low phytate pea (Lphypea) with inorganic phosphorus (iP) reduced by 50 or 100% to broiler chickens on performance, P digestibility and bone characteristics were investigated. Two hundred and ten day-old (Ross 308 strain) broiler chicks (5 birds per cage; 6 cages per diet) were randomly allocated to 7 dietary treatments for a 21-day study. Diets were formulated based on soybean meal-normal phytate hulless barley (SBM-normbarley) with added inorganic P (iP) to meet NRC (1994) P requirements (SBM-normbarley100) or with 50% less iP (SBM-normbarley50), soybean meal-Lphybarley-Lphypea with added iP (Lphybarley-Lphypea100) or iP reduced by 50% (Lphybarley-Lphypea50) or 100% (Lphybarley-Lphypea0), and soybean meal-normbarleynormal phytate pea (normpea) with added iP (normbarley-normpea100) or iP reduced by 50% (normbarley-normpea50). Birds fed the Lphybarley-Lphypea0 diet had the lowest (P<0.001) ADG compared with those fed the other diets. Reducing iP by 50% led to a reduction (P<0.05) in ADG for birds fed the SBM-normbarley- and normbarley-normpea-based diets but not in the Lphybarley- Lphypea-based diet. Reducing iP by 50% led to a reduction (P<0.05) in ADFI in birds fed the SBM-normbarley-based diet and normbarley-normpea-based diet compared with those fed adequate iP. Feed conversion ratio was not affected by diet throughout the experimental period (P>0.10). Reducing iP content reduced P retention in the SBM-normbarley-based diet but not in the normbarley-normpea-based diet but tibia ash and length were reduced in birds fed both diets (P<0.05). Reducing dietary iP content linearly increased (P < 0.05) P retention and linearly decreased (P<0.05) tibia ash and length in the Lphypea-Lphybarley-based diets. In conclusion, feeding a low phytate hulless barley-low phytate pea based diet with iP reduced by 50% supported similar performance as control and increased P retention, suggesting that utilizing a combination of low phytate ingredients can reduce the need for supplemental iP with significant cost and environmental implication.
Overview of Turkey Semen Storage: Focus on Cryopreservation – A Review
Authors: Iaffaldano Nicolaia , Di Iorio Michele , Cerolini Silvia , Manchisi Angelo 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This review updates the current state of technologies available for turkey semen storage (hypothermic- liquid storage and cryopreservation), with special attention paid to cryopreservation. Liquid semen can be stored for up to 24 or 48 h at temperatures around 5°C, while cryopreservation allows long-term storage at -196°C. The possibility of using frozen turkey semen for artificial insemination (AI) would have practical benefits for turkey production. Reported fertility rates in response to AI using frozen/thawed semen range from 15.8 to 84.3%. Unsatisfactory fertility may be attributed to an inability of turkey spermatozoa to successfully survive the freezing/thawing process, and this, along with the high variability observed, makes this technique unacceptable for commercial breeding programs. There is therefore a need to standardize the whole freezing and thawing process to improve the post-thaw quality of turkey semen and minimize variability in results. Finding an efficient freezing protocol for turkey semen will allow for the creation of a sperm cryobank, improving current prospects for the commercial use of frozen turkey semen and also for the long-term conservation of the genetic diversity of this bird.
Association between the catechol-o-methyltransferase val158met polymorphism with susceptibility and severity of carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Erkol İnal E , Eroğlu P , Görükmez O , Özemri Sağ Ş , Yakut T 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common entrapment neuropathy of the upper extremity. In this study, we aimed to clarify the relationships between the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene Val158Met (rs4680) polymorphism and development, functional and clinical status of CTS. Ninety-five women with electro diagnostically confirmed CTS and 95 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. The functional and clinical status of the patients was measured by the Turkish version of the Boston Questionnaire and intensity of pain related to the past 2 weeks was evaluated on a visual analog scale (VAS). The Val158Met polymorphism was determined using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), method. We divided patients according to the genotypes of the Val158Met polymorphism as Val/Val, Val/Met and Met/Met. There were not any significant differences in terms of Val158Met polymorphisms between patients and healthy controls (p >0.05). We also did not find any relationships between the Val158Met polymorphism and CTS (p >0.05). In conclusion, although we did not find any relationships between CTS and the Val158Met polymorphism, we could not generalize this result to the general population. Future studies are warranted to conclude precise associations.
A case with Emanuel syndrome: extra derivative 22 chromosome inherited from the mother
Authors: İkbal Atli E , Gürkan H , Vatansever Ü , Ulusal S , Tozkir H 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Emanuel syndrome (ES) is a rare chromosomal disorder that is characterized by multiple congenital anomalies and developmental disabilities. Affected children are usually identified in the newborn period as the offspring of balanced (11;22) translocation carriers. Carriers of this balanced translocation usually have no clinical symptoms and are often identified after the birth of offspring with an unbalanced form of the translocation, the supernumerary der(22) t(11;22) syndrome. We report a 3-year-old boy with the t(11;22)(q23;q11) chromosome, transmitted in an unbalanced fashion from his mother. He has several developmental delays; he is not independently ambulatory and language is significantly impaired. Using his peripheral blood, karyotyping was performed to define his multiple congenital anomalies, revealing the following chromosomal abnormality: 47, XY, +der(22)t(11;22)(q23.3;q11.2). To ascertain the origin and trait of this supernumerary marker chromosome [der(22)t(11;22)(q23.3;q11.2)], karyotyping of his parents was performed. The mother was found to be a balanced carrier: 46, XX, t(11;22) (q23.3; q11.2).
The utilisation of fly ash in CO2 mineral carbonation
Authors: Jaschik Jolanta , Jaschik Manfred , Warmuziński Krzysztof 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The fixation of CO2 in the form of inorganic carbonates, also known as mineral carbonation, is an interesting option for the removal of carbon dioxide from various gas streams. The captured CO2 is reacted with metal-oxide bearing materials, usually naturally occurring minerals. The alkaline industrial waste, such as fly ash can also be considered as a source of calcium or magnesium. In the present study the solubility of fly ash from conventional pulverised hard coal fired boilers, with and without desulphurisation products, and fly ash from lignite fluidised bed combustion, generated by Polish power stations was analysed. The principal objective was to assess the potential of fly ash used as a reactant in the process of mineral carbonation. Experiments were done in a 1 dm3 reactor equipped with a heating jacket and a stirrer. The rate of dissolution in water and in acid solutions was measured at various temperatures (20 - 80ºC), waste-to-solvent ratios (1:100 - 1:4) and stirrer speeds (300 - 1100 min-1). Results clearly show that fluidised lignite fly ash has the highest potential for carbonation due to its high content of free CaO and fast kinetics of dissolution, and can be employed in mineral carbonation of CO2.