bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunomodulatory/inflammatory effects of geopropolis produced by Melipona fasciculata Smith in combination with doxorubicin on THP-1 cells
Authors: Oliveira Lucas Pires Garcia , Conte Fernanda Lopes , Cardoso Eliza de Oliveira , Conti Bruno José , Santiago Karina Basso , Golim Marjorie de Assis , Cruz Maria Teresa , Sforcin José Maurício 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Objectives
Geopropolis (GEO) in combination with doxorubicin (DOX) reduced HEp-2 cells viability compared to GEO and DOX alone. A possible effect of this combination on the innate immunity could take place, and its effects were analysed on THP-1 cell – a human leukaemia monocytic cell line used as a model to study monocyte activity and macrophage activity, assessing cell viability, expression of cell markers and cytokine production.

Methods
THP-1 cells were incubated with GEO, DOX and their combination. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay, cell markers expression by flow cytometry and cytokine production by ELISA.

Key findings
GEO + DOX did not affect cell viability. GEO alone or in combination increased TLR-4 and CD80 but not HLA-DR and TLR-2 expression. GEO stimulated TNF-α production while DOX alone or in combination did not affect it. GEO alone or in combination inhibited IL-6 production.

Conclusions
GEO exerted a pro-inflammatory profile by increasing TLR-4 and CD80 expression and TNF-α production, favouring the activation of the immune/inflammatory response. GEO + DOX did not affect cell viability and presented an immunomodulatory action. Lower concentrations of DOX combined to GEO could be used in cancer patients, avoiding side effects and benefiting from the biological properties of GEO.
Identification of compounds from non-polar fractions of Blechnum spp and a multitarget approach involving enzymatic modulation and oxidative stress
Authors: Andrade Juliana Maria de Mello , Maurmann Natasha , Pranke Patricia , Turatti Izabel Cristina Casanova , Lopes Norberto Peporine , Henriques Amélia T 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Objectives
The hexane (HEX) and dichloromethane (DCM) fractions from Blechnum binervatum, Blechnum brasiliense and Blechnum occidentale were studied about phytochemicals and biological properties using multitarget approach.

Methods
The chemical composition was performed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry detector (GC-MS) analysis. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated against free radicals and on lipid peroxidation. Monoamine oxidases (MAO) and cholinesterases enzymatic modulation, as well as effects on rat and human cells, were assessed.

Key findings
The CG-MS analysis allowed the identification of a non-polar compound series, being neophytadiene the major constituent in all DCM fractions and in HEX fractions from B. binervatum and B. occidentale. In B. brasiliense HEX fraction, β-sitosterol was the main compound. In general, B. brasiliense DCM fraction presented the highest antioxidant activity, with IC50 values around 9, 2 and 1.2 times lower than those found for the other species, against HO˙, NO˙ and on lipid peroxidation, respectively. Regarding enzyme modulations, B. brasiliense DCM fraction presented higher MAO-A inhibition (IC50: 31.83 μg/ml), with a better selectivity index (SI MAO-A/MAO-B: 6.77). The lack of harmful effects was observed in rat cells, also highlighted in the stem cells for all Blechnum samples.

Conclusion
These findings encourage the search for multibinding natural products, mainly from B. brasiliense DCM fraction.
Hepatic concentrations of copper and other metals in dogs with and without chronic hepatitis
Authors: Cedeño Y. , López‐Alonso M. , Miranda M. 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesDefects in copper metabolism have been described in several dog breeds, and recently, it has been suggested that changes in other essential trace elements could be involved in the pathogenesis of hepatic disease. This study measured hepatic copper accumulation and its interactions with other essential trace and toxic metals in dogs diagnosed with chronic hepatitis.MethodsLiver samples of 20 chronic hepatitis and 20 healthy dogs were collected. Samples were acid digested, and essential metals (cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, molibdenum, selenium and zinc) and toxic metals (arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead) were analysed by inductively–coupled plasma mass spectrometry.ResultsCopper concentrations were significantly higher in dogs affected by hepatic disease than in controls. Dogs having chronic hepatitis with liver copper concentration greater than 100 mg/kg wet weight showed statistically higher cobalt, manganese and zinc concentrations than dogs having chronic hepatitis with liver copper concentrations less than 100 mg/kg wet weight and controls. Toxic metal concentrations were low – in all cases below the threshold associated with toxicity in dogs.Clinical SignificanceDogs with chronic hepatitis not only have increased concentrations of copper in the liver but also increased concentrations of cobalt, manganese and zinc; measurement of these elements may perhaps aid in diagnosis of liver disease in dogs.
Bacillus subtilis MntR coordinates the transcriptional regulation of manganese uptake and efflux systems
Authors: Huang Xiaojuan , Shin Jung‐Ho , Pinochet‐Barros Azul , Su Tina T. , Helmann John D. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryThe Bacillus subtilis MntR metalloregulatory protein senses manganese, an essential element required for central metabolism, oxidative stress resistance and replication. An mntR null mutant is highly sensitive to Mn(II) intoxication, which is attributed in part to the constitutive expression of two importers: the proton‐dependent NRAMP family transporter MntH and the ABC transporter MntABCD. Here, we show that an mntR null mutant is still sensitive to Mn(II) intoxication even if both of the import systems are absent. This Mn(II) sensitivity results from the requirement for MntR to activate the transcription of two genes encoding cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) family efflux pumps. Physiological studies indicate that MneP (formerly YdfM) serves as the primary Mn(II) efflux pump with MneS (formerly YeaB) playing a secondary role. Mutant strains lacking mneP are Mn(II) sensitive and accumulate elevated levels of Mn(II), and these effects are exacerbated in a mneP mneS double mutant. DNA‐binding and in vitro transcription studies demonstrate that MntR binds to both the mneP and mneS regulatory regions and directly activates transcription in response to levels of Mn(II) several‐fold higher than required for repression of import genes. These results highlight the delicate balance of Mn(II) uptake and efflux systems controlled by MntR.
Sl‐IAA27 regulates strigolactone biosynthesis and mycorrhization in tomato (var. MicroTom)
Authors: Guillotin Bruno , Etemadi Mohammad , Audran Corinne , Bouzayen Mondher , Bécard Guillaume , Combier Jean‐Philippe 
Published: October 2016

Summary

Root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is a complex and finely tuned process. Previous studies have shown that, among other plant hormones, auxin plays a role in this process but the specific involvement of Aux/IAAs, the key regulators of auxin responses, is still unknown.

In this study, we addressed the role of the tomato Sl‐IAA27 during AM symbiosis by using Sl‐IAA27‐RNAi and pSL‐IAA27::GUS stable tomato lines.

The data show that Sl‐IAA27 expression is up‐regulated by the AM fungus and that silencing of Sl‐IAA27 has a negative impact on AM colonization. Sl‐IAA27‐silencing resulted in down‐regulation of three genes involved in strigolactone synthesis, NSP1, D27 and MAX1, and treatment of Sl‐IAA27‐silenced plants with the strigolactone analog GR24 complemented their mycorrhizal defect phenotype.

Overall, the study identified an Aux/IAA gene as a new component of the signaling pathway controlling AM fungal colonization in tomato. This gene is proposed to control strigolactone biosynthesis via the regulation of NSP1.
Dumping syndrome after esophageal, gastric or bariatric surgery: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management
Authors: van Beek A. P. , Emous M. , Laville M. , Tack J. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryBackgroundDumping syndrome, a common complication of esophageal, gastric or bariatric surgery, includes early and late dumping symptoms. Early dumping occurs within 1 h after eating, when rapid emptying of food into the small intestine triggers rapid fluid shifts into the intestinal lumen and release of gastrointestinal hormones, resulting in gastrointestinal and vasomotor symptoms. Late dumping occurs 1–3 h after carbohydrate ingestion, caused by an incretin‐driven hyperinsulinemic response resulting in hypoglycemia. Clinical recommendations are needed for the diagnosis and management of dumping syndrome.MethodsA systematic literature review was performed through February 2016. Evidence‐based medicine was used to develop diagnostic and management strategies for dumping syndrome.ResultsDumping syndrome should be suspected based on concurrent presentation of multiple suggestive symptoms after upper abdominal surgery. Suspected dumping syndrome can be confirmed using symptom‐based questionnaires, glycemia measurements and oral glucose tolerance tests. First‐line management of dumping syndrome involves dietary modification, as well as acarbose treatment for persistent hypoglycemia. If these approaches are unsuccessful, somatostatin analogues should be considered in patients with dumping syndrome and impaired quality of life. Surgical re‐intervention or continuous enteral feeding may be necessary for treatment‐refractory dumping syndrome, but outcomes are variable.ConclusionsImplementation of these diagnostic and treatment recommendations may improve dumping syndrome management.
Perioperative intravenous fluid therapy in children: guidelines from the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany
Authors: Sümpelmann Robert , Becke Karin , Brenner Sebastian , Breschan Christian , Eich Christoph , Höhne Claudia , Jöhr Martin , Kretz Franz‐Josef , Marx Gernot , Pape Lars , Schreiber Markus , Strauss Jochen , Weiss Markus 
Published: October 2016

SummaryThis consensus‐ based S1 Guideline for perioperative infusion therapy in children is focused on safety and efficacy. The objective is to maintain or re‐establish the child's normal physiological state (normovolemia, normal tissue perfusion, normal metabolic function, normal acid‐ base‐ electrolyte status). Therefore, the perioperative fasting times should be as short as possible to prevent patient discomfort, dehydration, and ketoacidosis. A physiologically composed balanced isotonic electrolyte solution (BS) with 1–2.5% glucose is recommended for the intraoperative background infusion to maintain normal glucose concentrations and to avoid hyponatremia, hyperchloremia, and lipolysis. Additional BS without glucose can be used in patients with circulatory instability until the desired effect is achieved. The additional use of colloids (albumin, gelatin, hydroxyethyl starch) is recommended to recover normovolemia and to avoid fluid overload when crystalloids alone are not sufficient and blood products are not indicated. Monitoring should be extended in cases with major surgery, and autotransfusion maneuvers should be performed to assess fluid responsiveness.
Perspectives on Bioluminescence Mechanisms
Authors: Lee John 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe molecular mechanisms of the bioluminescence systems of the firefly, bacteria and those utilizing imidazopyrazinone luciferins such as coelenterazine are gradually being uncovered using modern biophysical methods such as dynamic (ns–ps) fluorescence spectroscopy, NMR, X‐ray crystallography and computational chemistry. The chemical structures of all reactants are well defined, and the spatial structures of the luciferases are providing important insight into interactions within the active cavity. It is generally accepted that the firefly and coelenterazine systems, although proceeding by different chemistries, both generate a dioxetanone high‐energy species that undergoes decarboxylation to form directly the product in its S1 state, the bioluminescence emitter. More work is still needed to establish the structure of the products completely. In spite of the bacterial system receiving the most research attention, the chemical pathway for excitation remains mysterious except that it is clearly not by a decarboxylation. Both the coelenterazine and bacterial systems have in common of being able to employ “antenna proteins,” lumazine protein and the green‐fluorescent protein, for tuning the color of the bioluminescence. Spatial structure information has been most valuable in informing the mechanism of the Ca2+‐regulated photoproteins and the antenna protein interactions.
Small RNAs and extracellular vesicles in filarial nematodes: From nematode development to diagnostics
Authors: Quintana J. F. , Babayan S. A. , Buck A. H. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryParasitic nematodes have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to communicate with their hosts in order to survive and successfully establish an infection. The transfer of RNA within extracellular vesicles (EVs) has recently been described as a mechanism that could contribute to this communication in filarial nematodes. It has been shown that these EVs are loaded with several types of RNAs, including microRNAs, leading to the hypothesis that parasites could actively use these molecules to manipulate host gene expression and to the exciting prospect that these pathways could result in new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Here, we review the literature on the diverse RNAi pathways that operate in nematodes and more specifically our current knowledge of extracellular RNA (exRNA) and EVs derived from filarial nematodes in vitro and within their hosts. We further detail some of the issues and questions related to the capacity of RNA‐mediated communication to function in parasite–host interactions and the ability of exRNA to enable us to distinguish and detect different nematode parasites in their hosts.
Retracted: Motility and oxidative–antioxidant capacity of Huso huso semen, stored at −80°C
Authors: Aramli MS , Nazari RM , Aramli S , Nouri HA 
Published: October 2016

ContentsIn this study, motility and oxidative–antioxidant capacity (thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substance level [TBARS], superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT] and glutathione reductase [GR]) of beluga sturgeon (Huso huso) sperm, stored for 6 days at −80°C, were evaluated. After 2 days of storage, sperm motility was significantly decreased (no motile sperm were observed after 6 days of storage; p < .05), while TBARS and SOD values were significantly increased (p < .05). CAT and GR activities did not show significant changes among storage times (p > .05). Furthermore, all investigated parameters showed a significant difference between semen stored at 4°C (control) and −80°C during in vitro storage (p < .05). Data from this work can potentially be useful in sturgeon sperm cryobanking.
Reference values for and cross‐validation of time to exhaustion on a modified Balke protocol in Norwegian men and women
Authors: Aadland E. , Solbraa A. K. , Resaland G. K. , Steene‐Johannessen J. , Edvardsen E. , Hansen B. H. , Anderssen S. A. 
Published: October 2016

The aims of the present study were to provide reference values for time to exhaustion (TTE) on a modified Balke treadmill protocol, and to perform a cross‐validation of TTE as a measure of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), in Norwegian men and women 20–85 years of age. Reference values for TTE were derived from a national sample of 765 subjects. An additional sample of 119 subjects was included in the cross‐validation (total n = 884), where prediction equations for VO2max was established. A decline in TTE was seen with increased age. Prediction of VO2max in an independent dataset (n = 319) resulted in a R2 = 0.78 and standard error of the estimate = 4.55 mL/kg/min. The observed–predicted bias was small (mean difference <1.24 mL/kg/min), whereas random error was considerable (95% limits of agreement ± 7.11–9.70 mL/kg/min) across age in both men and women. Despite limitations concerning the prediction of VO2max on an individual level, TTE from the Balke protocol is a good measure of aerobic fitness in adults across a range of settings, and could be evaluated according to the suggested reference values.
Governmental Rationales for Installing Electronic Information Systems: A Quest for Responsive Social Work
Authors: Devlieghere Jochen , Bradt Lieve , Roose Rudi 
Published: October 2016

AbstractVarious authors have argued that electronic information systems (EIS) do not necessarily improve the responsiveness of social work. One of the main reasons given for these failings is the flawed implementation of EIS by professionals. However, we argue that the ongoing debate fails to be explicit about governmental rationales for installing EIS. This article presents the findings of a content analysis that aimed to uncover the governmental rationales for installing EIS in the Flemish child and welfare protection (CWP) system. Our analysis revealed three clusters of rationales. The first cluster supports the use of EIS as an instrument to better match supply and demand. The second cluster shows that the gathered data also serve as an instrument for accountability. A third cluster focuses on the aim of creating more uniformity. Based on our analysis, we argue that it is not flawed implementation that impedes the development of responsive social work; rather, the governmental rationales themselves are flawed.
CPR5 modulates salicylic acid and the unfolded protein response to manage tradeoffs between plant growth and stress responses
Authors: Meng Zhe , Ruberti Cristina , Gong Zhizhong , Brandizzi Federica 
Published: October 2016

SummaryCompletion of a plant's life cycle depends on successful prioritization of signaling favoring either growth or defense. Although hormones are pivotal regulators of growth–defense tradeoffs, the underlying signaling mechanisms remain obscure. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is essential for physiological growth as well as management of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in unfavorable growth conditions. The plant UPR transducers are the kinase and ribonuclease IRE1 and the transcription factors bZIP28 and bZIP60. We analyzed management of the tradeoff between growth and ER stress defense by the stress response hormone salicylic acid (SA) and the UPR, which is modulated by SA via unknown mechanisms. We show that the plant growth and stress regulator CPR5, which represses accumulation of SA, favors growth in physiological conditions through inhibition of the SA‐dependent IRE1–bZIP60 arm that antagonizes organ growth; CPR5 also favors growth in stress conditions through repression of ER stress‐induced bZIP28/IRE1–bZIP60 arms. By demonstrating a physical interaction of CPR5 with bZIP60 and bZIP28, we provide mechanistic insights into CPR5‐mediated modulation of UPR signaling. These findings define a critical surveillance strategy for plant growth–ER stress defense tradeoffs based on CPR5 and SA‐modulated UPR signaling, whereby CPR5 acts as a positive modulator of growth in physiological conditions and in stress by antagonizing SA‐dependent growth inhibition through UPR modulation.
Acute phase proteins in dogs naturally infected with the Giant Kidney Worm (Dioctophyme renale)
Authors: Schmidt Elizabeth M. S. , Kjelgaard‐Hansen Mads , Thomas Funmilola , Tvarijonaviciute Asta , Cerón José J. , Eckersall P. David 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundDioctophyme renale is a nematode parasite of dogs, usually found in the right kidney, causing severe damage to the renal parenchyma.ObjectivesThe objective was to evaluate the acute phase response in dogs naturally infected with this Giant Kidney Worm and the possible effects of nephrectomy on circulating concentrations of select acute phase proteins (APP) such as serum amyloid A (SAA), C‐reactive protein (CRP), and haptoglobin (HP).MethodsNephrectomy was performed in infected dogs and the worms were collected for identification. Blood samples were taken 24 hours before surgery, and 4, 8, and 12 hours postoperatively on the following 10 consecutive days, and 28 days after surgery. Acute phase protein concentrations were determined at all time points. Cortisol concentrations were determined 24 hours before surgery and at recovery (28 days after surgery). One‐way ANOVA and Friedman test were used for multiple comparisons; the Wilcoxon‐signed rank test was used to compare variables, and Spearman's rho rank test was used to assess the correlation between the number of parasites recovered from the dogs and the APP concentration.ResultsForty‐five parasites were recovered from the 12 dogs evaluated in this study. Dogs showed significantly increased HP concentrations (P < .05) but lower CRP and SAA concentrations before surgery, and cortisol concentrations were significantly higher at admission when compared to recovery. No significant correlations were found between the number of parasites and APP concentrations.ConclusionThere is a particular acute phase response profile in dogs with kidney worm infection. Nephrectomy induced a short‐term inflammatory process.
Moderate‐intensity endurance training improves endothelial glycocalyx layer integrity in healthy young men
Authors: Majerczak Joanna , Grandys Marcin , Duda Krzysztof , Zakrzewska Agnieszka , Balcerczyk Aneta , Kolodziejski Leszek , Szymoniak‐Chochol Dorota , Smolenski Ryszard T. , Bartosz Grzegorz , Chlopicki Stefan , Zoladz Jerzy A. 
Published: October 2016

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
The main aim of the present study was to determine the effect of prolonged moderate‐intensity endurance training on the endothelial glycocalyx layer integrity in relationship to the training‐induced changes in oxidative stress and antioxidant defence in humans.

What is the main finding and its importance?
We have shown, for the first time, a protective effect of prolonged moderate‐intensity endurance training on endothelial glycocalyx layer integrity, as judged by significantly lower basal and end‐exercise serum concentrations of glycocalyx damage markers, i.e. syndecan‐1 and heparan sulfate, accompanied by attenuation of oxidative stress and enhancement of antioxidant defence after training in previously untrained healthy young men.

In this study, we evaluated the effect of 20 weeks of moderate‐intensity endurance training (ET) on the endothelial glycocalyx layer integrity in relationship to the training‐induced changes in antioxidant defence. Eleven healthy young, untrained men performed an incremental cycling exercise bout until exhaustion before and after 20 weeks of ET. Endurance training consisted of 40 min sessions, mainly of moderate intensity (∼50% of maximal oxygen uptake), performed four times per week. Venous blood samples were taken at rest and at the end of the maximal exercise test. Muscle biopsies from vastus lateralis were taken before and after the training. Endurance training resulted in a significant increase in physical capacity (P < 0.05) as reflected by an increase in power output reached at the lactate threshold and at maximal oxygen uptake. Training led to a decrease (P < 0.05) in basal and end‐exercise concentrations of blood markers of glycocalyx damage (syndecan‐1 and heparan sulfate). The lowering of glycocalyx shedding after the ET was accompanied by an attenuation of oxidative stress, as evidenced by a decrease in the basal plasma concentration of isoprostanes, and by an increase in antioxidant defence, reflected by an enhancement in superoxide dismutase 2 protein content in vastus lateralis (P < 0.05). In contrast, training did not induce a significant increase in basal nitrite/nitrate plasma concentration (P > 0.05). Moderate‐intensity ET exerts a pronounced protective effect on endothelial glycocalyx integrity at rest and during exercise, probably through an improvement of antioxidant defence that may represent the vasoprotective mechanisms highly responsive to moderate‐intensity endurance training.