bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Looking into the puparium: Micro‐CT visualization of the internal morphological changes during metamorphosis of the blow fly, Calliphora vicina, with the first quantitative analysis of organ development in cyclorrhaphous dipterans
Authors: Martín‐Vega Daniel , Simonsen Thomas J. , Hall Martin J. R. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMetamorphosis of cyclorrhaphous flies takes place inside a barrel‐like puparium, formed by the shrinking, hardening and darkening of the third‐instar larval cuticle. The opacity of this structure hampers the visualization of the morphological changes occurring inside and therefore a full understanding of the metamorphosis process. Here, we use micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) to describe the internal morphological changes that occur during metamorphosis of the blow fly, Calliphora vicina Robineau‐Desvoidy 1830 (Diptera: Calliphoridae) at a greater temporal resolution than anything hitherto published. The morphological changes were documented at 10% intervals of the total intra‐puparial period, and down to 2.5% intervals during the first 20% interval, when the most dramatic morphological changes occur. Moreover, the development of an internal gas bubble, which plays an essential role during early metamorphosis, was further investigated with X‐ray images and micro‐CT virtual sections. The origin of this gas bubble has been largely unknown, but micro‐CT virtual sections show that it is connected to one of the main tracheal trunks. Micro‐CT virtual sections also provided enough resolution for determining the completion of the larval‐pupal and pupal‐adult apolyses, thus enabling an accurate timing of the different intra‐puparial life stages. The prepupal, pupal, and pharate adult stages last for 7.5%, 22.5%, and 70% of the total intra‐puparial development, respectively. Furthermore, we provide for the first time quantitative data on the development of two organ systems of the blow fly: the alimentary canal and the indirect flight muscles. There is a significant and negative correlation between the volume of the indirect flight muscles and the pre‐helicoidal region of the midgut during metamorphosis. The latter occupies a large portion of the thorax during the pupal stage but narrows progressively as the indirect flight muscles increase in volume during the development of the pharate adult.
MR enterography in nonresponsive adult celiac disease: Correlation with endoscopic, pathologic, serologic, and genetic features
Authors: Radmard Amir Reza , Hashemi Taheri Amir Pejman , Salehian Nik Elham , Kooraki Soheil , Kolahdoozan Shadi , Mirminachi Babak , Sotoudeh Masoud , Ekhlasi Golnaz , Malekzadeh Reza , Shahbazkhani Bijan 
Published: February 2017

PurposeTo assess small bowel abnormalities on magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) in adult patients with nonresponsive celiac disease (CD) and investigate their associations with endoscopic, histopathologic, serologic, and genetic features.Materials and MethodsThis prospective study was carried out between September 2012 and August 2013. After approval by the Ethics Committee of our institution, informed consent was acquired from all participants. Forty consecutive patients with nonresponsive CD, aged 17–76 years, underwent MRE using a 1.5T unit. Sequences included T2‐HASTE, True‐FISP, pre‐ and postcontrast VIBE to assess the quantitative (number of ileal and jejunal folds) and qualitative (fold pattern abnormalities, mural thickening, increased enhancement, bowel dilatation, or intussusception) measures. Endoscopic manifestations were categorized as normal/mild vs. severe. Histopathological results were divided into mild and severe. Genotyping of HLA‐DQ2 and DQ8 was performed. Serum levels of tissue‐transglutaminase, endomysial, and gliadin antibodies were also determined. Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used.ResultsTwenty‐nine (72.5%) cases showed abnormal MRE. Reversed jejunoileal fold pattern had significant association with severe endoscopic (odds ratio [OR] = 8.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.73–40.5) and pathologic features (OR = 7.36, 95% CI 1.33–40.54). An increased number of ileal folds/inch was significantly associated with severe MARSH score and positive HLA‐DQ8. (P < 0.001 and P = 0.026, respectively). Ileal fold number had the highest areas under the curve for prediction of severe endoscopic (AUC: 0.75, P = 0.009) and pathologic (AUC: 0.84, P < 0.001) findings and positive anti‐transglutaminase antibody (AUC: 0.85, P = 0.027).ConclusionFold pattern reversal on MRE is highly associated with endoscopic and pathologic features of refractory celiac disease (RCD). Increased ileal folds showed higher correlation with endoscopic‐pathologic features, HLA‐DQ8, and anti‐transglutaminase level. MRE might be more sensitive for detection of increased ileal folds in CD rather than reduction of duodenal and jejunal folds due to better distension of ileal loops.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1096–1106.
Can algorithmically assessed MRI features predict which patients with a preoperative diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ are upstaged to invasive breast cancer?
Authors: Harowicz Michael R. , Saha Ashirbani , Grimm Lars J. , Marcom P. Kelly , Marks Jeffrey R. , Hwang E. Shelley , Mazurowski Maciej A. 
Published: February 2017

PurposeTo assess the ability of algorithmically assessed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features to predict the likelihood of upstaging to invasive cancer in newly diagnosed ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).Materials and MethodsWe identified 131 patients at our institution from 2000–2014 with a core needle biopsy‐confirmed diagnosis of pure DCIS, a 1.5 or 3T preoperative bilateral breast MRI with nonfat‐saturated T1‐weighted MRI sequences, no preoperative therapy before breast MRI, and no prior history of breast cancer. A fellowship‐trained radiologist identified the lesion on each breast MRI using a bounding box. Twenty‐nine imaging features were then computed automatically using computer algorithms based on the radiologist's annotation.ResultsThe rate of upstaging of DCIS to invasive cancer in our study was 26.7% (35/131). Out of all imaging variables tested, the information measure of correlation 1, which quantifies spatial dependency in neighboring voxels of the tumor, showed the highest predictive value of upstaging with an area under the curve (AUC) = 0.719 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.609–0.829). This feature was statistically significant after adjusting for tumor size (P < 0.001).ConclusionAutomatically assessed MRI features may have a role in triaging which patients with a preoperative diagnosis of DCIS are at highest risk for occult invasive disease.Level of Evidence: 4Technical Efficacy: Stage 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1332–1340.
Yeast alter micro‐oxygenation of wine: oxygen consumption and aldehyde production
Authors: Han Guomin , Webb Michael R , Richter Chandra , Parsons Jessica , Waterhouse Andrew L 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDMicro‐oxygenation (MOx) is a common winemaking treatment used to improve red wine color development and diminish vegetal aroma, amongst other effects. It is commonly applied to wine immediately after yeast fermentation (phase 1) or later, during aging (phase 2). Although most winemakers avoid MOx during malolactic (ML) fermentation, it is often not possible to avoid because ML bacteria are often present during phase 1 MOx treatment. We investigated the effect of common yeast and bacteria on the outcome of micro‐oxygenation.RESULTSCompared to sterile filtered wine, Saccharomyces cerevisiae inoculation significantly increased oxygen consumption, keeping dissolved oxygen in wine below 30 µg L–1 during micro‐oxygenation, whereas Oenococcus oeni inoculation was not associated with a significant impact on the concentration of dissolved oxygen. The unfiltered baseline wine also had both present, although with much higher populations of bacteria and consumed oxygen. The yeast‐treated wine yielded much higher levels of acetaldehyde, rising from 4.3 to 29 mg L–1 during micro‐oxygenation, whereas no significant difference was found between the bacteria‐treated wine and the filtered control. The unfiltered wine exhibited rapid oxygen consumption but no additional acetaldehyde, as well as reduced pyruvate. Analysis of the acetaldehyde‐glycerol acetal levels showed a good correlation with acetaldehyde concentrations.CONCLUSIONThe production of acetaldehyde is a key outcome of MOx and it is dramatically increased in the presence of yeast, although it is possibly counteracted by the metabolism of O. oeni bacteria. Additional controlled experiments are necessary to clarify the interaction of yeast and bacteria during MOx treatments. Analysis of the glycerol acetals may be useful as a proxy for acetaldehyde levels. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Limited synchronous hepatic resection does not compromise peri‐operative outcomes or survival after cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy
Authors: Saxena Akshat , Valle Sarah J. , Liauw Winston , Morris David L. 
Published: February 2017

INTRODUCTIONThere is uncertainty about whether hepatic resection (HR) combined with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC) is effective.METHODSNine hundred and thirty‐five consecutive CRS/HIPEC procedures were performed between 1996 and 2016 of which 132(14%) involved concomitant HR. Peri‐operative complications were graded according to the Clavien‐Dindo Classification. The association of concomitant HR with 19 peri‐operative outcomes and overall survival (OS) was assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses.RESULTSPatients undergoing HR had a lower peritoneal disease burden (peritoneal cancer index <17) (46 vs 29%, P < 0.001) and underwent a shorter operation (<9 h) (53 vs 42%, P = 0.019). After accounting for confounding factors, HR was not associated with in‐hospital mortality (Relative risk [RR], 2.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52‐11.77; P = 0.577) or grade III/IV morbidity (RR, 1.18; 95%CI, 0.74‐1.90; P = 0.488). Moreover, HR was not associated with an increased risk of other complications on univariate or multivariate analysis. Median OS for all colorectal cancer patients was 32.3 month with resected HM versus 30.5 months without HM (P = 0.587).CONCLUSIONGiven prudent patient selection, concomitant HR does not compromise peri‐operative outcomes or survival after CRS/HIPEC.
Electrospun Poly(l‐Lactic Acid) Nanofibers for Nanogenerator and Diagnostic Sensor Applications
Authors: Zhao Gengrui , Huang Baisheng , Zhang Jinxi , Wang Aochen , Ren Kailiang , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: February 2017

This paper presents for the first time that poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) nanofibers can show the piezoelectricity along the fiber direction (d33) by using an electrospinning method. First, the electrospun fiber bundles are characterized by scanning electron microscope, X‐ray, and piezoelectric coefficient measurements. The data show that the supercritical CO2treatment can greatly enhance the piezoelectricity of electrospun PLLA fibers, which can be resulting from the increased crystallinity of the fibers. Later, it is found that the electrospun PLLA fiber can generate a current of 8 pA and a voltage of 20 mV by a simple push–release process. Further, a single PLLA fiber‐based blood pulse sensor is also fabricated and tested and shows around a 2 pA output for blood pulse. Due to easy fabrication and relatively simple structure, this device enables a broad range of promising future applications in the medical sensor area.image
Hereditary myopathies with early respiratory insufficiency in adults
Authors: Naddaf Elie , Milone Margherita 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Hereditary myopathies with early respiratory insufficiency as a predominant feature of the clinical phenotype are uncommon and underestimated in adults. Methods: We reviewed the clinical and laboratory data of patients with hereditary myopathies who demonstrated early respiratory insufficiency before the need for ambulatory assistance. Only patients with disease‐causing mutations or a specific histopathological diagnosis were included. Patients with cardiomyopathy were excluded. Results: We identified 22 patients; half had isolated respiratory symptoms at onset. The diagnosis of the myopathy was often delayed, resulting in delayed ventilatory support. The most common myopathies were adult‐onset Pompe disease, myofibrillar myopathy, multi‐minicore disease, and myotonic dystrophy type 1. Single cases of laminopathy, MELAS (mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and strokelike events), centronuclear myopathy, and cytoplasmic body myopathy were identified. Conclusion: We highlighted the most common hereditary myopathies associated with early respiratory insufficiency as the predominant clinical feature, and underscored the importance of a timely diagnosis for patient care. Muscle Nerve 56: 881–886, 2017
Longitudinal course of lung function in myotonic dystrophy type 1
Authors: Thil Catherine , Agrinier Nelly , Chenuel Bruno , Poussel Mathias 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Quality of life and prognosis among patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) depend on the degree of respiratory impairment. However, the changes over time in pulmonary function in DM1 have not been clearly described. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed pulmonary function tests of 80 DM1 patients followed for at least 5 years. Results: During 9.02 ± 3.4 years of follow‐up, the average annual changes were: forced vital capacity (FVC) –0.034 ± 0.06 L (–0.72 ± 1.7% predicted); forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) –0.043 ± 0.05 L (–1.07 ± 1.7% predicted); and total lung capacity (TLC) –0.047 ± 0.1 L (–1.15 ± 1.7% predicted). Conclusions: These results suggest that, compared with other neuromuscular disorders, DM1 is, overall, associated with slowly progressive impairment of lung function. Muscle Nerve 56: 816–818, 2017
The extrapolated reference values procedure: Theory, algorithm, and results in patients and control subjects
Authors: Nandedkar Sanjeev D. , Sanders Donald B. , Hobson‐Webb Lisa D. , Billakota Santoshi , Barkhaus Paul E. , Stålberg Erik V. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Reference values (RVs) are required to separate normal from abnormal values obtained in electrodiagnostic (EDx) testing. However, it is frequently impractical to perform studies on control subjects to obtain RVs. The Extrapolated Reference Values (E‐Ref) procedure extracts RVs from data obtained during clinically indicated EDx testing. We compared the E‐Ref results with established RVs in several sets of EDx data. Methods: The mathematical basis for E‐Ref was explored to develop an algorithm for the E‐Ref procedure. To test the validity of this algorithm, it was applied to simulated and real jitter measurements from control subjects and patients with myasthenia gravis, and to nerve conduction studies from patients with various conditions referred for EDx studies. Results: There was good concordance between E‐Ref and RVs for all evaluated data sets. Discussion: E‐Ref is a promising method to develop RVs. Muscle Nerve 57: 90–95, 2018
Design of five‐layer gold nanoparticles self‐assembled in a liquid open tubular column for ultrasensitive nano‐LC‐MS/MS proteomic analysis of 80 living cells
Authors: Shao Xi , Zhang Xiangmin 
Published: February 2017

In this work, for the first time, a liquid open tubular column modified by five‐layer gold nanoparticles and linked with C18 (GNPs@C18) was designed and fabricated for nano‐LC‐MS/MS analysis of 80 living cells. Sixty nanometer gold nanoparticles were self‐assembled layer by layer on the inner wall of a 20 μm id fused‐silica capillary. C18 was then linked on the gold nanoparticles to make the liquid open tubular column show hydrophobic character. Enough loading capacities for analysis of 80 living cells, ∼100 fmol for pk‐10 and ∼30 fmol for insulin, were obtained with the 2 m × 20 μm id five‐layer GNPs@C18 open tubular column. The open tubular column was used in an online pretreatment and direct nano‐LC‐MS/MS analysis system to analyze 80 living HepG2 cells. In total, 650 proteins were identified in triplicate runs. The subcellular localization of the identified proteins showed that our system had no bias toward different cellular compartments. Protein copy number per cell of the identified proteins showed that the detection limit could reach 50 zmol and the abundance of the identified proteins could cover a dynamic range of 6 orders.
Impact of universal health coverage on suicide risk in newly diagnosed cancer patients: Population‐based cohort study from 1985 to 2007 in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Po‐Hsien , Liao Shih‐Cheng , Chen I‐Ming , Kuo Po‐Hsiu , Shan Jia‐Chi , Lee Ming‐Been , Chen Wei J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundNational Health Insurance (NHI), launched in 1995 in Taiwan, lightens patient's financial burdens but its effect on the suicide risk in cancer patients is unclear. We aimed to investigate the impacts of the NHI on the suicide in newly diagnosed cancer patients.MethodsWe identified patients with newly diagnosed cancer from the nationwide Taiwan Cancer Registration from 1985 to 2007, and ascertained suicide deaths from the national database of registered deaths between 1985 and 2009. Standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of suicide risk among patients with cancer was calculated, and the suicide risk ratios were examined by gender, age group, and prognosis.ResultsFor the 916 337 registered cancer patients with 4 300 953 person‐years, 2 543 died by suicide, with a suicide rate of 59.1 per 100 000 person‐years. Compared to the general population, cancer patients had an SMR of 2.47 for suicide, with a higher figure for males (2.73), age 45 to 64 (2.89), and cancer of poor prognosis (3.19). The suicide risk was highest in the first 2 years after the initial diagnosis. Comparing the cohorts of the period before (1985 to 1992) and after (1996 to 2007) the launch of NHI, we saw a reduction in the SMR within the first 2 years after cancer diagnosis (20%), with more prominent reduction for females (29%), age under 45 (69%), and cancer of good prognosis (33%).ConclusionsA universal health coverage relieving both physical and psychological distress may account for the post‐NHI reduction of immediate suicide risk in patients of newly diagnosed cancer.
A Placebo‐Controlled Double‐Blinded Randomized Pilot Study of Combination Phytotherapy in Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer
Authors: van Die M. Diana , Williams Scott G. , Emery Jon , Bone Kerry M. , Taylor Jeremy M.G. , Lusk Elizabeth , Pirotta Marie V. 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUNDMen with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer following local therapies often use natural supplements in an attempt to delay metastases and/or avoid the need for more aggressive treatments with undesirable side‐effects. While there is a growing body of research into phytotherapeutic agents in this cohort, with some promising results, as yet no definitive recommendations can be made. This pilot study was undertaken to assess the feasibility of a fully‐powered study to examine the effects of this phytotherapeutic intervention (containing turmeric, resveratrol, green tea and broccoli sprouts) on PSA doubling time in men with biochemical recurrence with a moderate PSA rise rate.METHODSA double blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled parallel trial was conducted with 22 men with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer and a moderate rise rate (PSA doubling time of 4–15 months and no evidence of metastases from conventional imaging methods). Patients were randomized to either the active treatment arm or placebo for 12 weeks. The primary endpoints were feasibility of study recruitment and procedures, and measurement of proposed secondary endpoints (prostate symptoms, quality of life, anxiety, and depression as measured on the EORTC QLQ‐C30 and PR‐25, the IPSS and HADS). Data were collected to estimate PSA‐log slopes and PSA‐doubling times, using a mixed model, for both the pre‐intervention and post‐intervention periods.RESULTSAdherence to study protocol was excellent, and the phytotherapeutic intervention was well‐tolerated, with similar numbers of mild‐to‐moderate adverse events in the active and placebo arms. Both the intervention and data collection methods were acceptable to participants. No statistical difference between groups on clinical outcomes was expected in this pilot study. There was between‐subject variation in the PSA post treatment, but on average the active treatment group experienced a non‐significant increase in the log‐slope of PSA (pre‐treatment doubling time = 10.2 months, post‐treatment doubling time = 5.5 months), and the placebo group experienced no change in the log‐slope of PSA (pre‐treatment doubling time = 10.8 months, post‐treatment doubling time = 10.9 months).CONCLUSIONThe findings suggest that a fully powered study of this combination is feasible in men with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer and a moderate PSA rise rate. Prostate 77:765–775, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Safety and Immunological Efficacy of a DNA Vaccine Encoding the Androgen Receptor Ligand‐Binding Domain (AR‐LBD)
Authors: Olson Brian M. , Bradley Eric S. , Sawicki Thomas , Zhong Weixiong , Ranheim Erik A. , Bloom Jordan E. , Colluru Viswa T. , Johnson Laura E. , Rekoske Brian T. , Eickhoff Jens C. , McNeel Douglas G. 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUNDThe androgen receptor (AR) is a key oncogenic driver of prostate cancer, and has been the primary focus of prostate cancer treatment for several decades. We have previously demonstrated that the AR is also an immunological target antigen, recognized in patients with prostate cancer, and targetable by means of vaccines in rodent models with delays in prostate tumor growth. The current study was performed to determine the safety and immunological efficacy of a GMP‐grade plasmid DNA vaccine encoding the ligand‐binding domain (LBD) of the AR, pTVG‐AR.METHODSGroups of male mice (n = 6–10 per group) were evaluated after four or seven immunizations, using different schedules and inclusion of GM‐CSF as a vaccine adjuvant. Animals were assessed for toxicity using gross observations, pathological analysis, and analysis of serum chemistries. Animals were analyzed for evidence of vaccine‐augmented immunity by tetramer analysis. Survival studies using different immunization schedules and inclusion of GM‐CSF were conducted in an autochthonous genetically engineered mouse model.RESULTSNo significant toxicities were observed in terms of animal weights, histopathology, hematological changes, or changes in serum chemistries, although there was a trend to lower serum glucose in animals treated with the vaccine. There was specifically no evidence of toxicity in other tissues that express AR, including liver, muscle, hematopoietic, and brain. Vaccination was found to elicit AR LBD‐specific CD8+ T cells. In a subsequent study of tumor‐bearing animals, animals treated with vaccine had prolonged survival compared with control‐immunized mice.CONCLUSIONSThese studies demonstrate that, in immunocompetent mice expressing the target antigen, immunization with the pTVG‐AR vaccine was both safe and effective in eliciting AR‐specific cellular immune responses, and prolonged the survival of prostate tumor‐bearing mice. These findings support the clinical evaluation of pTVG‐AR in patients with recurrent prostate cancer. Prostate 77:812–821, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.