bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The interplay between aridity and competition determines colonization ability, exclusion and ecological segregation in the heteroploid Brachypodium distachyon species complex
Authors: Rey Pedro J. , Manzaneda Antonio J. , Alcántara Julio M. 
Published: April 2017

Summary

A higher competitive advantage of polyploid plants compared with their parental diploids is frequently invoked to explain their establishment success, colonization of novel environments and cytotypic ecological segregation, yet there is scarce experimental evidence supporting such hypotheses. Here, we investigated whether differential competitive ability of species of the Brachypodium distachyon (Poaceae) species complex, a model system for genomic, ecological and evolutionary studies of temperate grasses, contributes to explaining their ecological segregation as well as their coexistence in diploid/allotetraploid contact zones.

We conducted two field experiments in dry and humid localities to evaluate the tolerance to competition of diploids and allotetraploids in densely occupied environments, and to parameterize models of intra‐ and intercytotype competition as a mechanism for species exclusion/coexistence.

We provide experimental evidence supporting the hypothesis that, under natural field conditions, allotetraploids have superior ecological success compared with one of their parental diploids in terms of both colonizing competitive habitats and intercytotypic competition, with the balance of intra/intercytotype competition favoring polyploid population establishment.

These findings, together with previous data on ecogeographic segregation and adaptive response to water stress, suggest that the interplay between aridity and competitive outcome determines the ability to colonize competitive environments, the exclusion of diploids, especially in arid localities, and species geographic segregation.
Transgenic miR156 switchgrass in the field: growth, recalcitrance and rust susceptibility
Authors: Baxter Holly L. , Mazarei Mitra , Dumitrache Alexandru , Natzke Jace M. , Rodriguez Miguel , Gou Jiqing , Fu Chunxiang , Sykes Robert W. , Turner Geoffrey B. , Davis Mark F. , Brown Steven D. , Davison Brian H. , Wang Zeng‐Yu , Stewart C. Neal 
Published: April 2017

SummarySustainable utilization of lignocellulosic perennial grass feedstocks will be enabled by high biomass production and optimized cell wall chemistry for efficient conversion into biofuels. MicroRNAs are regulatory elements that modulate the expression of genes involved in various biological functions in plants, including growth and development. In greenhouse studies, overexpressing a microRNA (miR156) gene in switchgrass had dramatic effects on plant architecture and flowering, which appeared to be driven by transgene expression levels. High expressing lines were extremely dwarfed, whereas low and moderate‐expressing lines had higher biomass yields, improved sugar release and delayed flowering. Four lines with moderate or low miR156 overexpression from the prior greenhouse study were selected for a field experiment to assess the relationship between miR156 expression and biomass production over three years. We also analysed important bioenergy feedstock traits such as flowering, disease resistance, cell wall chemistry and biofuel production. Phenotypes of the transgenic lines were inconsistent between the greenhouse and the field as well as among different field growing seasons. One low expressing transgenic line consistently produced more biomass (25%–56%) than the control across all three seasons, which translated to the production of 30% more biofuel per plant during the final season. The other three transgenic lines produced less biomass than the control by the final season, and the two lines with moderate expression levels also exhibited altered disease susceptibilities. Results of this study emphasize the importance of performing multiyear field studies for plants with altered regulatory transgenes that target plant growth and development.
Genome‐wide association studies to identify rice salt‐tolerance markers
Authors: Patishtan Juan , Hartley Tom N. , Fonseca de Carvalho Raquel , Maathuis Frans J.M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSalinity is an ever increasing menace that affects agriculture worldwide. Crops such as rice are salt sensitive, but its degree of susceptibility varies widely between cultivars pointing to extensive genetic diversity that can be exploited to identify genes and proteins that are relevant in the response of rice to salt stress. We used a diversity panel of 306 rice accessions and collected phenotypic data after short (6 h), medium (7 d) and long (30 d) salinity treatment (50 mm NaCl). A genome‐wide association study (GWAS) was subsequently performed, which identified around 1200 candidate genes from many functional categories, but this was treatment period dependent. Further analysis showed the presence of cation transporters and transcription factors with a known role in salinity tolerance and those that hitherto were not known to be involved in salt stress. Localization analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showed the presence of several hundred non‐synonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) in coding regions and earmarked specific genomic regions with increased numbers of nsSNPs. It points to components of the ubiquitination pathway as important sources of genetic diversity that could underpin phenotypic variation in stress tolerance.
Cross‐sectional and longitudinal epidemiological studies of Internet gaming disorder: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Mihara Satoko , Higuchi Susumu 
Published: April 2017

AimThe diagnostic criteria of Internet gaming disorder (IGD) have been included in section III of DSM‐5. This study aims to systematically review both cross‐sectional and longitudinal epidemiological studies of IGD.MethodsAll publications included in PubMed and PsychINFO up to May 2016 were systematically searched to identify cross‐sectional studies on prevalence and longitudinal studies of IGD. In the process of identification, articles in non‐English languages and studies focusing solely on the use of gaming were excluded, and those meeting the methodological requirements set by this review were included. As a result, 37 cross‐sectional and 13 longitudinal studies were selected for review.ResultsThe prevalence of IGD in the total samples ranged from 0.7% to 27.5%. The prevalence was higher among males than females in the vast majority of studies and tended to be higher among younger rather than older people in some studies. Geographical region made little difference to prevalence. Factors associated with IGD were reported in 28 of 37 cross‐sectional studies. These were diverse and covered gaming, demographic and familial factors, interpersonal relations, social and school functioning, personality, psychiatric comorbidity, and physical health conditions. Longitudinal studies identified risk and protective factors, and health and social consequences of IGD. The natural course of IGD was diverse but tended to be more stable among adolescents compared to adults.ConclusionAlthough existing epidemiological studies have provided useful data, differences in methodologies make it difficult to compare the findings of these studies when drawing consensus. Future international studies using reliable and uniform methods are warranted.
Racial differences in the association between heart rate variability and left ventricular mass
Authors: Hill LaBarron K. , Watkins Lana L. , Hinderliter Alan L. , Blumenthal James A. , Sherwood Andrew 
Published: April 2017

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Decreased heart rate variability (HRV) is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, including greater left ventricular mass (LVM). Despite their enhanced CVD risk profile, African Americans have been shown to exhibit higher HRV, relative to Whites; however, it is unclear whether this pattern extends to the association between HRV and LVM.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Using ECG and echocardiographic data, HRV was positively associated with LVM in a non‐clinical sample of African Americans. These findings suggest that current assumptions regarding the meaning of higher HRV might not be universal, which might have implications for HRV as a risk marker among African Americans.

Increased left ventricular mass (LVM) is an early precursor of target organ damage attributable to hypertension. Diminished parasympathetic cardiac control has been linked to both hypertension onset and left ventricular impairment; however, emerging evidence suggests that this pattern might be different in African Americans. The present study sought to determine whether race impacts the relationship between parasympathetic cardiac control and LVM. The LVM was assessed via echocardiography in a sample (n = 148) of African American and White adults (mean age 33.20 ± 5.71 years) with normal or mildly elevated blood pressure. Parasympathetic cardiac control was assessed by a measure of high‐frequency heart rate variability (HF‐HRV) determined from ECG recordings during 5 min of rest. In regression analysis, greater HF‐HRV was associated with greater LVM among African Americans (P = 0.002) but was not related to LVM in Whites (P = 0.919). These are the first data to demonstrate that race moderates the relationship between HRV and LVM and further suggest that race might be an important factor in the association between parasympathetic cardiac control and other cardiovascular disease risk factors.
Inibição da resposta de hipersensibilidade do Tipo I da prole de camundongos mediada pela imunização materna com o ácaro Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus
Authors: Victor Jefferson Russo , Duarte Alberto José da Silva , Sato Maria Notomi 
Published: April 2017

A exposição precoce a alérgenos associada a tendência dos neonatos a desenvolverem respostas do tipo Th2 pode contribuir com o desenvolvimento da alergia durante a infância. O efeito da imunização de camundongos fêmeas A/Sn pré concepção com o ácaro Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp), foi analisado na resposta de hipersensibilidade tipo I da prole híbrida. A cinética da imunização dos filhotes com Dp foi avaliada da idade neonatal até a adulta. As proles de mães imunes não demonstraram evidência de sensibilização pré ou pós natal ao alérgeno pela análise dos alótipos de anticorpos. A imunização com Dp das proles derivadas de mães imunizadas no período neonatal e após o desmame revelou uma significativa inibição da produção de anticorpos IgE e IgG1 anti-Dp, permanecendo diminuída mesmo após os desafios alergênicos secundários. A inibição da resposta foi específica para o Dp considerando que a imunização com antígeno heterólogo induziu similar produção de anticorpos IgE ao grupo de proles controles. A imunização materna com Dp sugere proteger o desenvolvimento precoce de alergia nos filhotes.
Valor preditivo da medida da cintura e da relação cintura-quadril no diagnóstico do diabetes melito e da dislipidemia
Authors: Calich Ana Luísa Garcia , Brunoni André Russowsky , Mansini Renato , Santo Fábio Rodrigues Ferreira do Espírito , Benseñor Isabela M. 
Published: April 2017

Introdução: O índice de obesidade está aumentando no Brasil.A medida da cintura (MC) é uma boa medida para a avaliação da obesidade localizada e é mais fácil de ser adquirida do que a relação cintura quadril (RCQ). Entretanto, os efeitos da obesidade regional foram melhores descritos entre a RCQ e fatores de risco cardiovasculares. Objetivo: testar se a medida da cintura isolada é melhor do que a RCQ para predizer diabetes e dislipidemia. Métodos: analisamos a razão de verossimilhança positiva e negativa da MC e RCQ numa amostra de 202 homens e mulheres com idade variando de 20 a 74 anos e aparentemente saudáveis como fator preditivo para diabetes e dislipidemia. Resultados: (1) Para mulheres, a RCQ foi melhor fator preditivo para o diagnostico dediabetes (RV+ = 2,5 e RV- = 0,2) e dislipidemia (RV+2,5 e RV-=0,2) comparado a MC (diabetes, RV+ = 1,9 e RV- = 0,4; dislipidemia, RV+ = 1,6 e RV- = 0,6); (2) Para homens, a MC foi melhor fator preditivo para o diagnostico de diabetes (RV+ = 2,4 e RV- = 0,6) e dislipidemia (RV+ = 5 e RV- = 0,5) do que a RCQ (diabetes, RV+ = 1,0 e RV- = 0,9; dislipidemia, RV+ = 2,1 e RV- = 0,7). Conclusão: A MC e a RCQ se comportam diferentes entre homens e mulheres.
Depoimentos: habitação como patrimônio cultural
Authors: Camargo Mônica Junqueira de , Acayaba Marlene Milan , Treib Marc , Bucci Angelo , Lenate Doris , Jáuregui Jorge Mario 
Published: April 2017

Depoimentos: habitação como patrimônio cultural Introdução: ideias e recortesMônica Junqueira de CamargoUniversidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo Residências em São Paulo: 1947-1975Marlene Milan Acayaba Mais que a casa: dois conjuntos modernos de moradias norte-americanasMarc TreibUniversidade Da Califórnia, Berkeley, Estado Unidos O caso da Casa Olga BaetaAngelo BucciUniversidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil Experiência de moradia na Vila Maria ZéliaDoris LenateAssociação Cultural Vila Maria Zélia, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil Habitação de interesse socialJorge Mario JáureguiUniversidade de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
New species and new records of Dicranocentrus Schött, 1893 (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Xisto Thiago , de Mendonça Maria Cleide 
Published: April 2017

Aimed at extending the incipient knowledge of Dicranocentrus in Brazil, in this study we describe and illustrate the morphology and chaetotaxy of four new species from Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais and São Paulo States and also two new records of D. heloisae for Minas Gerais and São Paulo States. The new species D. magnus sp.n., D. albicephalus sp.n. and D. marimutti sp.n. belong to the gracilis-group and D. pikachu sp.n. to the marias-group. A map with their distribution in Brazil and a table with Neotropical species’ main characteristics are also provided. The species herein reported represent the first record of Dicranocentrus for São Paulo State.
Bridging Nongeoscience STEM Majors to the Geoscience Workforce through a Skills Training and Enrichment Program
Authors: Blake Reginald , Liou-Mark Janet , Norouzi Hamidreza , Vladutescu Viviana , Yuen-Lau Laura , Ikramova Malika 
Published: April 2017

AbstractNew York City College of Technology has created a year-round geoscience workforce preparation and geoscience career mentoring program for nongeoscience, minority science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) students beginning at the critical juncture of their junior year. The overall goal of the program is to create a viable pathway to the geoscience workforce by tapping into a nontraditional pool of students. Each year 12 students are recruited to participate in a structured geoscience workforce model program that consists of geoscience exposure, preparation, apprenticeship, and experience. The students not only receive support with cohort-building activities, but they also participate in two geoscience internship programs that equip them with geoscience knowledge; geoscience workforce skills; summer internships at a federal, local, or private geoscience facilities; mentoring by geoscience practitioners; and networking opportunities with geoscience companies and geoscience professional societies. The expectation through this unique initiative is that many students who would otherwise not pursue a geoscience career may now choose to follow a geoscience corridor that could lead to lucrative geoscience careers. This paper focuses on the 4-day geoscience workforce skills training and enrichment component of the program. This important enrichment component pivots students from the geoscience theory taught in class to geoscience applications and workforce preparedness. The 4-day program may serve as a model and best practice for preparing nongeoscience STEM students with the skills needed for the geoscience workforce. Preliminary results show that the nongeoscience STEM student participants increased their geoscience awareness, knowledge, and skills competencies and their interest in the geosciences was heightened.
Aerosol- and Droplet-Dependent Contact Freezing: Parameterization Development and Case Study
Authors: Hande Luke B. , Hoose C. , Barthlott C. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
A parameterization for contact freezing is presented that combines theoretical expressions for determining the collision efficiency with experimentally determined freezing efficiency results. The parameterization has dependencies on aerosol and cloud droplet physical properties, including electric charges, as well as ambient temperature and humidity. The highest freezing rate is obtained at large aerosol and large cloud droplet sizes, and at cold temperatures and low relative humidities, with typical dust aerosol and droplet properties. The number concentration of ice nucleating particles (INPs) in the contact freezing mode are generally lower than those in the immersion freezing or deposition nucleation mode; however, under certain conditions contact INP concentrations can exceed those of the other modes. The new parameterization is used in a high-resolution, semi-idealized simulation of a deep convective cloud, and a number of sensitivity studies are performed. Results indicate the greatest sensitivity is to the best-fit function to laboratory data. The simulations show that droplet properties and ambient relative humidity contribute significantly to contact freezing.
Gender differences in experiences of social support among men and women releasing from prison
Authors: Pettus-Davis Carrie , Veeh Christopher A. , Davis Maxine , Tripodi Stephen 
Published: April 2017

Objectives: Positive social support is critically important to postprison well-being outcomes. However, researchers and program developers are still trying to understand how to best promote stable and sustainable social support for formerly incarcerated individuals during reentry to the community. We sought to add to the body of knowledge on social support and prisoner reentry by comparing men and women releasing from prison on the quality (e.g., positive or negative) and amount of informal social support. Methods: A random sample of 395 male ( n = 165) and female ( n = 230) releasing prisoners participated in the study. After unadjusted bivariate comparisons, multivariate regression was conducted to identify gender differences in preincarceration social support quality of influence and anticipated number of postrelease support persons while controlling for important covariates such as substance abuse and mental illnesses. Results: Males reported higher rates of negative social support overall, and females reported higher rates of both mixed and positive social support compared to their male counterparts. Older participants reported higher levels of positive support compared to younger participants. Men of color reported significantly higher levels of positive support than their White male counterparts. Overall, women had higher prevalence of behavioral health factors that complicate quality of support. However, there were no differences in gender found for the amount of perceived social support available postrelease in the unadjusted models. Implications: Study findings suggest the need for gender-specific and culturally tailored targets for prisoner reentry programs addressing social support. Possible adaptations for interventions are explored.
Overexpression of VLA-4 in glial-restricted precursors enhances their endothelial docking and induces diapedesis in a mouse stroke model
Authors: Jablonska Anna , Shea Daniel J , Cao Suyi , Bulte Jeff WM , Janowski Miroslaw , Konstantopoulos Konstantinos , Walczak Piotr 
Published: April 2017

The loss of oligodendrocytes after stroke is one of the major causes of secondary injury. Glial-restricted progenitors (GRPs) have remylenating potential after intraparenchymal cerebral transplantation. The intraarterial (IA) injection route is an attractive gateway for global brain delivery, but, after IA infusion, naive GRPs fail to bind to the cerebral vasculature. The aim of this study was to test whether overexpression of Very Late Antigen-4 (VLA-4) increases endothelial docking and cerebral homing of GRPs in a stroke model. Mouse GRPs were co-transfected with DNA plasmids encoding VLA-4 subunits (α4, β1). The adhesion capacity and migration were assessed using a microfluidic assay. In vivo imaging of the docking and homing of IA-infused cells was performed using two-photon microscopy in a mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. Compared to naïve GRPs, transfection of GRPs with VLA-4 resulted in >60% higher adhesion (p < 0.05) to both purified Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-11 (VCAM-11) and TNFα-induced endothelial VCAM-1. VLA-4+GRPs displayed a higher migration in response to a chemoattractant gradient. Following IA infusion, VLA-4+GRPs adhered to the vasculature at three-fold greater numbers than naïve GRPs. Multi-photon imaging confirmed that VLA-4 overexpression increases the efficiency of GRP docking and leads to diapedesis after IA transplantation. This strategy may be further exploited to increase the efficacy of cellular therapeutics.
The experience of breast cancer survivors’ participation in important activities during and after treatments
Authors: Fleischer Anne , Howell Dana 
Published: April 2017

Introduction This study compares breast cancer survivors’ experiences of participating in activities important to them, both during and after breast cancer treatment. Method Eight survivors between the ages of 41 and 60 years with Stage I, II, or III breast cancer who had been treated consecutively with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy were recruited for the study. Participants completed the Activity Card Sort-modified and a semi-structured interview at the end of radiation therapy and 6 months post treatment. Findings Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to analyze the transcripts. The themes identified differed at each time point. At the end of treatment, themes were (a) personal and treatment stress changes activity participation, (b) strategies increase activity participation, (c) fatigue, fear of infection or other side effects reduces activity participation, (d) family and friends assist with completing activities, and (e) plans for participating in activities after treatment ends. At 6 months post treatment, themes were: (a) emotions influence activity participation, (b) activities after cancer have changed, and (c) side effects influence activity participation. Conclusions During treatment, survivors may be focusing more on “needed” activities; later on, survivors may want to participate in leisure activities, including ones that they have been wanting to pursue.