bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epoxy Value Measurement of E44 Epoxy Resin by Various Chemical Titration Method
Authors: Li Xianhua , Zou Xiujuan , Zhang Xiangyu , Yin Xiaoyan , Sui Xianhang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDuring the production of epoxy resins, it is crucial to control or to know the epoxy groups. It is known that epoxy value is the most important analytical index of epoxy resin physical quantity to characterize the number of epoxy groups in epoxy resin. In this paper, two ways for testing the epoxy values of E44 epoxy resin are developed based on chemical titration method: hydrochloric acid‐acetone method and perchloric acid‐tetraethylammonium bromide method. The features of different methods and the influence of approaches on epoxy value are studied systematically. At the significant level of 0.05, for hydrochloric acid‐acetone method, the confidence interval for the mean is (0.454±0.003)eq/100 g, and for perchloric acid‐tetraethylammonium bromide method, the confidence interval for the mean is (0.453±0.003)eq/100 g. It has been proved that the test results of the two methods are basically the same. And the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods have been put forward. In addition, the testing mechanism of hydrochloric acid‐acetone method and perchloric acid‐tetraethylammonium bromide method is illustrated in detail. On the basis of superiority over the two methods, a novel method for testing epoxy resin with rapid and accurate epoxy value can be envisioned.
One‐Pot Synthesis of C‐Substituted bis‐Benzimidazoles and Benzobisimidazoles via Reductive Cyclization of o‐Nitroaniline Derivatives and Aldehydes using Sodium Metabisulfite in a Microwave Reactor
Authors: Cherukumalli Purna Koteswara Rao , Prasad Kotipalli Yesu , Khanna Baman , Srinivas Ravula , Vijayasaradhi Sivalenka 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHerein, we report a simple and an economical method to synthesize C‐substituted bis‐benzimidazole and C‐substituted benzobisimidazole derivatives in moderate to excellent yields using sodium metabisulfite, under microwave irradiation conditions. The most attractive feature of the methodology is the three‐step yet one‐pot condensation of nitroarenes with various benzaldehyde derivatives to synthesize useful benzimidazoles, and an easy product isolation method by simple solvent trituration techniques. The methodology can be fine‐tuned to synthesize selectively the mono C‐substituted benzimidazoles, leaving a nitroaniline functionality intact for preparing a variety of unsymmetrical C‐substituted bis‐benzimidazoles.
Supramolecular Catalyst for Improving the Sensitivity of Biomolecule Detection
Authors: Yao Pengnan , Xu Wen , Zhang XueJi , Kong Jinming 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSupermolecule refers to two or more molecules that are bonded together by secondary bonds between molecules to form a multimolecular system at the level of more than molecules. At this point, the molecules form an orderly aggregation, showing its unique structure and function. Supramolecular catalysts can form structures with specific functions through non‐covalent interactions (e. g., hydrogen bonding, π‐π stacking, etc.) to mimic the catalytic mechanism of natural enzymes and achieve susceptible and specific detection of biomolecules. The application of supramolecules is mainly focused on the self‐assembly of components for the construction of sensing platform. Therefore, supramolecular catalysts have a huge potential in biomolecule detection. This article focuses on the application of cyclodextrins(CD), cucurbit[n]uril(CB), porphyrins(PP) and Calix[n]arenes(CA) in the field of catalysis and in improving detection sensitivity. Research progress of supramolecular catalysts in polymerization amplification is summarized in this paper.
Bright and Stable Cyan Fluorescent RNA Enables Multicolor RNA Imaging in Live Escherichia coli
Authors: Jiang Li , Zuo Fangting , Pan Yuanyuan , Li Ruilong , Shi Yajie , Huang Xinyi , Zhang Dasheng , Zhuang Yingping , Zhao Yuzheng , Lin Qiuning , Yang Yi , Zhu Linyong , Chen Xianjun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFluorescent RNAs (FRs), which are RNA aptamers that bind and activate their cognate small fluorogenic dyes, have provided a particularly useful approach for imaging RNAs in live cells. Although the color palette of FRs is greatly expanded, a bright and stable cyan FR with good biocompatibility and biorthogonality with currently available FRs remains desirable but is not yet developed. Herein, the development of Myosotis is described, an RNA aptamer that emits bright cyan fluorescence upon binding a novel GFP chromophore‐like fluorophore called DBT. Myosotis has a nanomolar affinity for DBT and shows a weak dependence on magnesium for folding. Further studies reveal that the Myosotis‐DBT complex has a long fluorescence lifetime, good photostability, and enhance cellular brightness. It is further shown that Myosotis‐DBT is biorthogonal to Pepper and Clivia FRs, allowing multiplex fluorescence imaging of RNA in live bacteria. Myosotis can also use to image mRNA in live bacteria, revealing potential coupling between mRNA translation and stability. It is believed that this cyan FR will be a useful tool for studying the functionality and mechanism of RNA underlying diverse biological processes.
Sodium Vanadates for Metal‐Ion Batteries: Recent Advances and Perspectives
Authors: Chen Xingyu , Chen Junhua , Wan Zhilin , Hu You , Duan Dingran , Zhao Yan , He Qiu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRechargeable metal‐ion batteries (MIBs) play a pivotal role in advancing the stable supply of renewable energy by efficiently storing and discharging electrical energy. In recent years, to propel the continuous advancement of MIB technology, numerous studies have concentrated on exploring and innovating electrode materials, aiming to engineer commercial batteries with high energy density, superior power density, and extended cycle life. Notably, sodium vanadates have garnered significant attention in the realm of MIBs owing to their distinctive crystal structures, abundant resource reservoirs, and exceptional electrochemical properties. This paper provides a prompt and comprehensive review of the research landscape for various sodium vanadates (such as NaxV2O5, Na1+xV3O8, Na2V6O16·xH2O, etc.) in the domain of MIBs over the past five years. It delves into the structural characteristics, electrochemical performances, and energy storage mechanisms of these materials, while also proposing some effective strategies to augment their electrochemical capabilities. Building upon these insights and prevailing research outcomes, this review envisions the future developmental pathways of sodium vanadates for MIBs and aims to reveal the vast potential of sodium vanadates in the emerging energy storage field and provide researchers with clear insights and perspectives for developing optimal sodium vanadate electrodes.
Stable Zinc Metal Battery Development: Using Fibrous Zirconia for Rapid Surface Conduction of Zinc Ions With Modified Water Solvation Structure
Authors: Cha Jin Seong , Park Sanghyeon , Hwang Yuna , Yoon Eun Jeong , Gueon Donghee , Yuk Jong Min , Kang Yun‐Chan , Lee Chan‐Woo , Yang Jung Hoon 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe two most critical technical issues in Zn‐based batteries, dendrite formation, and hydrogen evolution reaction, can be simultaneously addressed by introducing negatively charged fibrous ZrO2 as a separator. Electron redistribution between ZrO2 and Zn2+ ions renders the ZrO2 surface a preferred adsorption site for Zn2+ ions, making surface conduction the primary ion‐transport mode. Surface conduction enables fibrous ZrO2 to exhibit a 6.54 times higher single‐Zn‐ion conductivity than that of conventional glass fiber, minimizing the concentration gradient of Zn2+ and suppressing dendrite formation. Additionally, strong Zr─O─Zn bonding stabilizes the Zn2+ ions with fewer solvated H2O molecules (≈2), preventing water molecules from approaching the electrode surface, as evidenced by a 58.8% decrease in the hydrogen evolution rate. Consequently, the cycling stability of a fibrous‐ZrO2‐based Zn/Zn symmetric cell (3000 h at 1 mAh cm−2 and 5 mA cm−2) is approximately ten times greater than that of the conventional variant. Furthermore, a fibrous‐ZrO2‐based Zn–I2 full cell exhibits a notably high energy density (271.4 Wh kg−1) as well as a long lifespan (≈5000 cycles) at an ultrahigh current density (4 A g−1).
The culture of small institutions: Unique spaces for meaningful and sustainable collaboration between academic affairs and student affairs
Authors: Vail Charlotte Maheu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCollaboration between academic and student affairs fosters meaningful student engagement, supports academic achievement, and facilitates a robust campus community. Although these partnerships can be challenging to develop, small institutions occupy a unique position in higher education, as these collaborations are highly valued as fundamental to the campus culture and an essential factor in the practical life of the institution. By focusing specifically on the role of the faculty in collaboration with student affairs professionals at small institutions, this article demonstrates the unique and tremendous power of small institutions in fostering meaningful, robust, and sustainable partnerships between academic and student affairs. Because of their histories, traditions, and structure, small institutions possess a strong and distinct foundation for collaborative work with corresponding benefits and challenges. Finally, this article provides practical recommendations for student affairs professionals at small institutions about ways to draw upon their distinct culture and to understand why these partnerships are important for our students and their development, for faculty and student affairs professionals, for our institutions that are faced with mounting economic, social, and political pressures, and for the public good more broadly.
Validation of Fetal Medicine Foundation charts for fetal growth in twins: nationwide Danish cohort study
Authors: Kristensen S. E. , Wright A. , Wright D. , Gadsbøll K. , Ekelund C. K. , Sandager P. , Jørgensen F. S. , Hoseth E. , Sperling L. , Zingenberg H. J. , Sundberg K. , McLennan A. , Nicolaides K. H. , Petersen O. B. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess the validity of the Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) chorionicity‐specific models for fetal growth in twin pregnancy.MethodsThis was an external validation study of the FMF models using a nationwide Danish cohort of twin pregnancies. The cohort included all dichorionic (DC) and monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twin pregnancies with an estimated delivery date between 2008 and 2018, which satisfied the following inclusion criteria: two live fetuses at the first‐trimester ultrasound scan (11–14 weeks' gestation); biometric measurements available for the calculation of estimated fetal weight (EFW) using the Hadlock‐3 formula; and delivery of two liveborn infants. Validation involved assessing the distributional properties of the models and estimating the mean EFW Z‐score deviations. Additionally, the models were applied to pregnancies that delivered preterm and attended non‐scheduled visits (complicated pregnancies).ResultsOverall, 8542 DC and 1675 MCDA twin pregnancies met the inclusion criteria. In DC twins, 17 084 fetuses were evaluated at a total of 95 346 ultrasound scans, of which 44.5% were performed at scheduled visits in pregnancies carried to 37 + 0 weeks or later. The median number of growth scans per DC twin fetus from 20 + 0 weeks onwards was four. The model showed good agreement with the validation cohort for scheduled visits in DC twins delivered at 37 + 0 weeks or later (mean ± SD EFW Z‐score, –0.14 ± 1.05). In MCDA twins, 3350 fetuses underwent 31 632 eligible ultrasound scans, of which 59.5% were performed at scheduled visits in pregnancies carried to 36 + 0 weeks or later. The median number of growth scans per MCDA twin fetus from 16 + 0 weeks onwards was 10. The model showed favorable agreement with the validation cohort for scheduled visits in MCDA twins delivered at 36 + 0 weeks or later (mean ± SD EFW Z‐score, –0.09 ± 1.01). Non‐scheduled visits and preterm delivery before 37 + 0 weeks for DC twins and before 36 + 0 weeks for MCDA twins corresponded with smaller weight estimates, which was consistent with the study's definition of complicated pregnancy.ConclusionsThe FMF models provide a good fit for EFW measurements in our Danish national cohort of uncomplicated twin pregnancies assessed at routine scans. Therefore, the FMF models establish robust criteria for subsequent investigations and potential clinical applications. Future research should focus on exploring the consequences of clinical implementation, particularly regarding the identification of twins that are small‐for‐gestational age, as they are especially susceptible to adverse perinatal outcome. © 2024 The Author(s). Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Methodological Resilience Assessment of Smart Cyber Infrastructures
Authors: Dagnas Romain , Barbeau Michel , Boutin Maxime , Garcia-Alfaro Joaquin , Yaich Reda 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe race for digitization created a real need to protect smart infrastructures. Environments are becoming highly connected and automated. Their growing complexity and connectivity make it hard to assure and assess their cyber resilience, i.e., protecting them from cyberattacks, failures, and errors. Traditional strategies for ensuring the cyber resilience of smart infrastructures suffer from a lack of holism. Indeed, since smart infrastructures are often structured in layers, traditional protection methods can lead to conflicting and competing goals. For instance, they may increase the resilience of specific layers at the expense of decreasing the performance of others. This chapter reviews existing methods aiming to address this problem. We focus on two leading methodological assessment families: quantitative and qualitative. The former includes numerical metrics to quantify and assist system-dependent decision-making processes. The latter builds upon symbolic modeling to offer a system-agnostic assessment. The chapter provides an in-depth exploration of quantitative and qualitative methodologies with significant potential to enhance the resilience of layered smart infrastructures. Our exploration covers classical technological aspects (e.g., cascading effects) and socio-technical factors (e.g., human-in-the-loop interaction).
Gridded Implications of Total Factor Productivity Growth
Authors: Fraysse Elizabeth A. , Hertel Thomas W. , Ray Srabashi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractQuantitative models are often used to study and address sustainability challenges. However, as multiple drivers and systems interact at multiple levels, these models can be complex. To design effective policies and strategies for improving sustainability and resilience, it is important to understand which drivers are most important and which mechanisms are key to determining critical outcomes. This chapter introduces two quantitative tools to improve the traceability and transparency of the analysis: Simplified International Model of agricultural Prices, Land use, and the Environment (SIMPLE)-G1 and the minimodel. SIMPLE-G1 provides a simplified representation of agricultural production at each grid cell using one aggregate production practice that takes as its two factors of production: natural resources, human labor, and produced inputs. This framework allows for global-to-local and local-to-global feedback while retaining essential gridded biophysical and economic information. SIMPLE-G1 is helpful in identifying the most important sustainability stressors at each location. The minimodel allows for an in-depth analysis of the underlying mechanisms and allows the user to identify critical parameters by leveraging a one-way global-to-local linkage, excluding the local-to-global feedback. Together, these tools empower researchers to have a more transparent and traceable understanding of the global-local-global connections within environmental and human systems.
Tackling Policy Leakage and Targeting Hot Spots Could Be Key to Addressing the “Wicked” Challenge of Nutrient Pollution from Corn Production in the United States
Authors: Liu Jing , Bowling Laura , Kucharik Christopher , Jame Sadia , Baldos Uris Lantz C. , Jarvis Larissa , Ramankutty Navin , Hertel Thomas W. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractReducing nutrient loss from agriculture to improve water quality requires a combination of management practices. However, it has been unclear what pattern of mitigation is likely to emerge from different policies, individually and combined, and what are the impacts on land use and farm returns at both local and national levels. We address this research gap by developing an integrated multiscale framework that evaluates alternative nitrogen loss management policies for corn production in the United States. This approach combines site- and practice-specific agroecosystem processes with a grid-resolving economic model to identify locations that can be prioritized to increase the economic efficiency of the policies. We find that regional measures, while effective at reducing nitrogen loss locally, may inadvertently displace corn production to areas where nitrogen fertilizer productivity is lower and nutrient loss rates are higher, thereby offsetting the overall effectiveness of the nutrient management strategy. This spatial spillover effect can, however, be mitigated by combining regional measures with broader nationwide policies. For instance, the combination of wetland restoration, split fertilizer application and a nitrogen loss tax could reduce nitrate nitrogen loading in the Mississippi River by 30%, with only a modest increase in corn prices (less than 2%).
Grid-Level Analysis Using SIMPLE-G
Authors: Ray Srabashi , Hertel Thomas W. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter lays out the economic theory underpinning grid cell behavior in SIMPLE-G. It focuses on the case of two inputs: natural resources and human produced inputs. However, the theory is quite general and can be applied to many different versions of SIMPLE-G. Here, we lay out the key parameters governing the incidence and effectiveness of conservation policies as well as the consequences of changes in technology and commodity prices. These insights will be used to aid in explaining complex results in the applications presented in Part IV of this book.
Behavioral Parameters: Capturing Geospatial Heterogeneity in Economic Decisions and Responses
Authors: Haqiqi Iman 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter introduces the parameters of SIMPLE-G-US, a resource for spatially heterogeneous analysis within gridded economic modeling focused on land, water, and environmental sustainability. The dataset offers key economic and behavioral parameters, including land and water supply elasticities, land conversion possibilities, and substitution elasticities, capturing spatial responses of production systems to economic and environmental drivers. Integration with existing environmental and economic data unlocks avenues for analyzing and predicting land-use change, water resource allocation, and agricultural production under various scenarios. While this chapter concentrates on the US dataset, the methods introduced here can be applied to other regions. Overall, this dataset empowers researchers to tackle fundamental environmental and societal challenges through advanced geospatial understanding and modeling.
Model Validation: Comparing Gridded and Regional Simulations to Observations
Authors: Haqiqi Iman , Wang Zhan , Baldos Uris Lantz C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractModel validation is a critical step in ensuring the accuracy and reliability of model results and is challenging for emerging multi-scale geospatial models. This chapter focuses on the validation of the SIMPLE-G model, which involves economic decisions about land use and water withdrawals at the grid-cell level that are connected to global agricultural markets. The model must simulate complex processes to represent the complexities in observed changes in land-use patterns, which are the result of many mutually interconnected local, regional, and global drivers. Unfortunately, only a few of these models are validated, and validation techniques have been slower to advance than new model developments. In this chapter, we validate the SIMPLE-G model using various methods. We use benchmark replication, backcasting, sensitivity analysis, and uncertainty quantification. These methods help ensure that the model can replicate a base reference condition accurately, model structural processes correctly, identify important parameters, and determine sources of uncertainty in the results.
Fungal Diseases of Green Organs
Authors: Viret Olivier , Gindro Katia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGlobally, grapevines are grown on 7.3 million ha of land, producing 74 million tonnes of grapes for winemaking (45.7%), musts and juices (4.3%), fresh consumption (42.3%) and dried fruits (7.7%) (OIV 2022). Approximately 10,000 grapevine varieties are described, of which around 8000 are estimated to belong to Vitis vinifera, the most commonly planted species. Regardless of where grapes are grown and the specific cultivar, this species is vulnerable to the major fungal pathogens. This reality underscores the importance of fungi for viticulture—vines throughout the world face a more or less intense onslaught from fungal pathogens, depending on climatic conditions and vine and pathogen co-evolution. All green parts of the grapevine are potentially exposed to diseases that can trigger severe symptoms and economic losses.Although fungal pathogens have been well known since the mid-nineteenth century, their life cycles and relation to the grapevine remain partially shrouded in mystery. Consequently, fungicides are still used preventively, although the regular application of active ingredients is dependent on the unpredictable mid-to-long-term weather and disease forecast and may not always be necessary. Grapevine fungal pathogens are currently being researched worldwide, with new insights being reported for the most common and devasting diseases.
Numerical Simulation of the Arc Ablation Process of PTFE Propellant
Authors: Wu Jianjun , Li Jian , Zhao Yuanzheng , Zhang Yu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPolytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is commonly employed as a propellant in PPTs due to its favorable vacuum physical properties. These properties include its non-adhesiveness and non-brittleness at low temperature, low outgassing rate in vacuum, and inherent self-lubrication. PTFE is ablated and ionized under the action of the discharge arc, and the products are accelerated and ejected from the thruster under the combined action of the Lorentz force and aerodynamic force, thus generating thrust. Due to factors such as propellant ablation lag, the utilization efficiency of PTFE is very low, resulting in a low level of propulsion efficiency (about 10%), which is one of the crucial factors limiting the widespread application of PPTs in microsatellites. Therefore, establishing a simulation model that can accurately reflect the ablation process of the PPT propellant and conducting a theoretical analysis of the propellant ablation process are necessary for understanding the intrinsic mechanism of propellant ablation in the thruster and improving the propulsion performance of PPTs.
Integrated Numerical Simulation of PPTs
Authors: Wu Jianjun , Li Jian , Zhao Yuanzheng , Zhang Yu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUnsteady and strong transient behavior are important characteristics of the pulsed plasma thruster (PPT) pulse discharge process. During the discharge process, rapidly heating the propellant surface leads to the ablation and ionization of the wall material. The plasmoid is rapidly formed in the acceleration channel and then accelerated and ejected under the Lorentz force.