bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synchronous spikes are necessary but not sufficient for a synchrony code in populations of spiking neurons
Authors: Grewe Jan , Kruscha Alexandra , Lindner Benjamin , Benda Jan 
Published: February 2017

Significance
Populations of sensory neurons convey information about the outside world to the brain. Postsynaptic neurons may read out their total activity or, alternatively, by focusing only on synchronous activity, they might extract specific features from the same sensory information. But does synchronous activity always encode special features of the stimulus? This question was experimentally addressed in in vivo recordings from two closely related populations of electrosensory neurons of a weakly electric fish. Despite having similar amounts of synchronous activity, only in one population of neurons did synchronous spikes carry specific information about the stimulus. A detailed spectral analysis reveals that too low levels of intrinsic noise paired with too little frequency locking of the neural oscillator destroys a synchrony code.
Liquid behavior of cross-linked actin bundles
Authors: Weirich Kimberly L. , Banerjee Shiladitya , Dasbiswas Kinjal , Witten Thomas A. , Vaikuntanathan Suriyanarayanan , Gardel Margaret L. 
Published: February 2017

SignificanceThe interior of biological cells is composed of soft, macromolecular-based materials. The semiflexible biopolymer actin cross-links into networks and bundles with diverse architectures to form the actin cytoskeleton. Actin networks have been traditionally thought to be viscoelastic gels, whose rigidity controls cell morphogenesis. Here we demonstrate that cross-linked actin filaments also form liquid droplets. Because these liquids are composed of rod-like polymers, they form anisotropic liquid droplets with a spindle-like shape, whose morphology can be controlled by cross-link concentration. Actin-based liquid bundles also display shape instabilities characteristic of fluids. These shape dynamics reveal a mechanism to control subcellular compartmentalization and dynamics, with implications for mitotic spindle shape and molecular motor-independent contractility.
Stretchable living materials and devices with hydrogel–elastomer hybrids hosting programmed cells
Authors: Liu Xinyue , Tang Tzu-Chieh , Tham Eléonore , Yuk Hyunwoo , Lin Shaoting , Lu Timothy K. , Zhao Xuanhe 
Published: February 2017

Significance
The integration of genetically programmed cells into materials and devices will enable the power of biology to be harnessed for a wide range of scientific research and technological applications. Here, we use stretchable, robust, and biocompatible hydrogel–elastomer hybrids to host genetically programed bacteria, thus creating a set of stretchable and wearable living materials and devices that possesses unprecedented functions and capabilities. A quantitative yet generic model is further developed to account for the coupled physical and biochemical processes in living materials and devices. This simple strategy for designing living materials and devices not only provides tools for research in synthetic biology but also, enables applications, such as living sensors, interactive genetic circuits, and living wearable devices.
Proper division plane orientation and mitotic progression together allow normal growth of maize
Authors: Martinez Pablo , Luo Anding , Sylvester Anne , Rasmussen Carolyn G. 
Published: February 2017

Significance
Speculation about the role of division plane orientation in the growth of a plant has hinged on two conflicting ideas. The first idea is that the plant body is specified at the tissue level and cells divide merely to fill in the space, making the orientation of division unimportant to the overall growth. The second idea is that the orientation of the division plane is critical for tissue-level patterning and therefore also impacts growth. This study suggests that misorientation of the division plane together with cell-cycle delays cannot be compensated for. Therefore, division plane orientation is a critical but potentially indirect factor for growth.
A higher-order theory of emotional consciousness
Authors: LeDoux Joseph E. , Brown Richard 
Published: February 2017

SignificanceAlthough emotions, or feelings, are the most significant events in our lives, there has been relatively little contact between theories of emotion and emerging theories of consciousness in cognitive science. In this paper we challenge the conventional view, which argues that emotions are innately programmed in subcortical circuits, and propose instead that emotions are higher-order states instantiated in cortical circuits. What differs in emotional and nonemotional experiences, we argue, is not that one originates subcortically and the other cortically, but instead the kinds of inputs processed by the cortical network. We offer modifications of higher-order theory, a leading theory of consciousness, to allow higher-order theory to account for self-awareness, and then extend this model to account for conscious emotional experiences.
Mapping of voltage sensor positions in resting and inactivated mammalian sodium channels by LRET
Authors: Kubota Tomoya , Durek Thomas , Dang Bobo , Finol-Urdaneta Rocio K. , Craik David J. , Kent Stephen B. H. , French Robert J. , Bezanilla Francisco , Correa Ana M. 
Published: February 2017

Significance
Physical activities of our body and extremities are achieved by the propagation of electrical signals called action potentials from our brain, through nerves, to skeletal muscles. Voltage-gated sodium channel (Navs) play essential roles in the generation and propagation of action potentials in such excitable cells. Although mammalian Nav function has been studied comprehensively, the precise structural basis for the gating mechanisms has not been fully clarified. In this study, we have used lanthanide-based resonance energy transfer to obtain dynamic structural information in mammalian Nav gating. Our data define a geometrical map of Navs with the bound toxins and reveal voltage-induced structural changes related to channel gating, which lead us further toward an understanding of the gating mechanism in mammalian Navs.
Genetic Line by Environment Interaction on Rainbow Trout Growth and Processing Traits
Authors: Cleveland Beth M , Leeds Timothy D , Rexroad Caird E , Summerfelt Steven T , Good Christopher M , Davidson John W , May Travis , Crouse Curtis , Wolters William R , Plemmons Bryan , Kenney P Brett 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Genetic line-by-environment (G×E) interactions were determined for growth and processing traits of five genetic lines of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss reared in four environments. Genetic lines included (1) a mixed pool of 109 families selectively bred for improved growth (Growth Line) at the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture (NCCCWA; Kearneysville, West Virginia), (2) a mixed pool of 52 randomly bred families (Synthetic Control) and fish from three commercial sources, identified as (3) Commercial A, (4) Commercial B, and (5) Commercial C. Two study locations (NCCCWA and The Conservation Fund's Freshwater Institute [FI], Shepherdstown, West Virginia) contained all five genetic lines of fish while the remaining two sites (USDA National Cold Water Marine Aquaculture Center, Franklin, Maine, and Casta Line Trout Farm, Goshen, Virginia) contained only the Growth Line and Commercial A fish. Fish were PIT-tagged and allowed to comingle at all locations except at Casta Line where Growth Line and Commercial A fish were stocked into separate raceway sections. Performance of the Growth Line and Commercial A fish across all locations were used to detect G×E interactions. Body weight of the Growth Line fish was similar to or exceeded that of Commercial A fish, and the G×E interaction for growth was beyond 1 year of age (P &lt; 0.05). A G×E interaction occurred for condition factor (CF), and the Growth Line fish generally exhibited a higher CF than did the Commercial A fish. There was a G×E interaction for fillet yield in fish harvested at 500 g or less, with no G×E effect for butterfly yield, viscera yield, or final mortality. Data from all five genetic lines at NCCCWA and FI indicate that large differences in genetic potential for growth and processing traits are not significantly affected by G×E interactions
Looking like a state
Authors: Andrews Matt , Pritchett Lant , Woolcock Michael 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In this chapter we argue that isomorphic mimicry is a key “technique of successful failure” that perpetuates capability traps in development. In the context of this study, isomorphic mimicry is the tendency of governments to mimic other governments’ successes, replicating processes, systems, and even products of the “best practice” examples. This mimicry often conflates form and function: leading to a situation where “looks like” substitutes for “does”; i.e., governments look capable after the mimicry but are not actually more capable. We argue that this is endemic in development and has become a primary reason why countries do not build real capability even after years of policy and reform engagement and billions of dollars of capacity building work. We suggest that the tendency to so mimic is amplified by the current development ecosystem, especially where public sectors have become closed to novelty but open (and supportive of) agenda conformity. Such characteristics make it very hard for states to build the new capabilities needed, for their contexts, given their realities.
BioJava-ModFinder: identification of protein modifications in 3D structures from the Protein Data Bank
Authors: Gao Jianjiong , Prlić Andreas , Bi Chunxiao , Bluhm Wolfgang F , Dimitropoulos Dimitris , Xu Dong , Bourne Philip E , Rose Peter W 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Summary
We developed a new software tool, BioJava-ModFinder, for identifying protein modifications observed in 3D structures archived in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). Information on more than 400 types of protein modifications were collected and curated from annotations in PDB, RESID, and PSI-MOD. We divided these modifications into three categories: modified residues, attachment modifications, and cross-links. We have developed a systematic method to identify these modifications in 3D protein structures. We have integrated this package with the RCSB PDB web application and added protein modification annotations to the sequence diagram and structure display. By scanning all 3D structures in the PDB using BioJava-ModFinder, we identified more than 30 000 structures with protein modifications, which can be searched, browsed, and visualized on the RCSB PDB website.

Availability and Implementation
BioJava-ModFinder is available as open source (LGPL license) at (https://github.com/biojava/biojava/tree/master/biojava-modfinder). The RCSB PDB can be accessed at http://www.rcsb.org.
A Critical Role of Inhibition in Temporal Processing Maturation in the Primary Auditory Cortex
Authors: Cai Dongqin , Han Rongrong , Liu Miaomiao , Xie Fenghua , You Ling , Zheng Yi , Zhao Limin , Yao Jun , Wang Yiwei , Yue Yin , Schreiner Christoph E , Yuan Kexin 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Faithful representation of sound envelopes in primary auditory cortex (A1) is vital for temporal processing and perception of natural sounds. However, the emergence of cortical temporal processing mechanisms during development remains poorly understood. Although cortical inhibition has been proposed to play an important role in this process, direct in-vivo evidence has been lacking. Using loose-patch recordings in rat A1 immediately after hearing onset, we found that stimulus-following ability in fast-spiking neurons was significantly better than in regular-spiking (RS) neurons. In-vivo whole-cell recordings of RS neurons revealed that inhibition in the developing A1 demonstrated much weaker adaptation to repetitive stimuli than in adult A1. Furthermore, inhibitory synaptic inputs were of longer duration than observed in vitro and in adults. Early in development, overlap of the prolonged inhibition evoked by 2 closely following stimuli disrupted the classical temporal sequence between excitation and inhibition, resulting in slower following capacity. During maturation, inhibitory duration gradually shortened accompanied by an improving temporal following ability of RS neurons. Both inhibitory duration and stimulus-following ability demonstrated exposure-based plasticity. These results demonstrate the role of inhibition in setting the pace for experience-dependent maturation of temporal processing in the auditory cortex.
Carbon-based supercapacitors for efficient energy storage
Authors: Chen Xuli , Paul Rajib , Dai Liming 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe advancement of modern electronic devices depends strongly on the highly efficient energy sources possessing high energy density and power density. In this regard, supercapacitors show great promise. Due to the unique hierarchical structure, excellent electrical and mechanical properties, and high specific surface area, carbon nanomaterials (particularly, carbon nanotubes, graphene, mesoporous carbon and their hybrids) have been widely investigated as efficient electrode materials in supercapacitors. This review article summarizes progress in high-performance supercapacitors based on carbon nanomaterials with an emphasis on the design and fabrication of electrode structures and elucidation of charge-storage mechanisms. Recent developments on carbon-based flexible and stretchable supercapacitors for various potential applications, including integrated energy sources, self-powered sensors and wearable electronics, are also discussed.
Multi-Position Training Improves Robustness of Pattern Recognition and Reduces Limb-Position Effect in Prosthetic Control
Authors: Beaulieu Robert J. , Masters Matthew R. , Betthauser Joseph , Smith Ryan J. , Kaliki Rahul , Thakor Nitish V. , Soares Alcimar B. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Electromyogram (EMG)-based pattern recognition control of prosthetic limbs is the current state of the art. However, these systems commonly fail when the user attempts to use the limb in a different position from which it was trained, resulting in significantly reduced functionality. Robust models for decoding EMG signals, accounting for specific changes that occur with positional variation, are needed to reduce this negative effect.

Methods
Ten able-bodied participants and two participants with transradial amputation were included in the study. Participants were fitted with surface EMG electrodes as well as a network of inertial measurement units (IMUs) to monitor limb position during tasks. Positional covariates including elbow angle, hand height, and forearm angle were analyzed for impact on EMG signal features to drive the generation of unique LDA classifier algorithms. Offline analysis of classification error for each control scheme was then completed.

Results
Elbow angle demonstrated the strongest impact on the EMG signal. Hand height also demonstrated a consistent increase in EMG signal with increasing height. Incorporating these specific covariates into classifier algorithms improved performance compared with classifiers trained in the conventional fashion (single-position EMG). However, able-bodied participants demonstrated lowest classification error when data from random-training positions were incorporated (10.3% vs. 17.2% single position, P < 0.001). These results were even more dramatic in participants with amputation (with five training repetitions: 7.14% vs. 32.08%, P < 0.001). Performance differences between single-position and random-position training for individuals with amputations were significantly larger when the user was wearing his/her prosthesis than otherwise.

Conclusions
Incorporating position-specific covariates into myoelectric classification algorithms can dramatically improve robustness and classification accuracy when using the prosthesis in the user's entire workspace. In single-position training paradigms, classification error rates were 39.22% and 32.18%, respectively, for two participants with amputation and resulted in unusable classifiers. Conversely, classification errors were at 10% for able-bodied and near 7% for participants with amputation when at least five training repetitions were used to train either a random position or position-specific classifier. As position-tracking hardware becomes smaller and can be implemented into socket designs, incorporating this information into classifier algorithms can dramatically reduce the limb-position effect. Current users can experience reduction of the limb-position effect through training in multiple random positions.
Combined Intratympanic and Systemic Use of Steroids as a First-Line Treatment for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Controlled Trials
Authors: Han Xue , Yin Xiao , Du Xiaodong , Sun Changling 
Published: February 2017

Objective:
To compare the efficacy of combination therapy (combined intratympanic and systemic use of steroids, CT) with systemic steroid therapy (SST) as a primary treatment for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL).

Methods:
An electronic database search (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and CNKI databases) was performed. Review Manger 5.3 was used for data synthesis. Data were collected on the following outcomes of interest: the proportion of patients with hearing improvement, changes in pure tone averages (PTA), and speech discrimination score (SDS).

Results:
A total of 14 RCTs including 756 subjects allocated to CT and 638 to SST were selected. The proportion of patients with hearing improvement as outcome measure was observed in 13 studies, which resulted in an odds ratio (OR) of 2.50 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.95–2.1). The PTA changes (in dB) as outcome measure was observed in 12 studies, which resulted in mean difference (MD) 13 (95% CI: 9.24–16.77). SDS changes (in %) as outcome measure were reported in five studies, which resulted in MD 15.72 (95% CI: 5.11–26.33).

Conclusion:
CT seems to confer a certain degree of benefit as a primary treatment of SSNHL as compared with SST. Further validation based on high quality studies is required.
Rap1 in endothelial biology
Authors: Chrzanowska-Wodnicka Magdalena 
Published: February 2017

Purpose of review
Ubiquitously-expressed small GTPase Rap1 is a key modulator of integrin- and cadherin-regulated processes. In endothelium, Rap1 promotes angiogenesis and endothelial barrier function, acting downstream from cAMP-activated Rap1GEF, Epac. Recent in-vivo studies in mouse models have provided more information about the physiological role of Rap1 in vessel development and after birth under normal and pathologic conditions. Important molecular details of dynamic regulation of endothelial barrier are uncovered.

Recent findings
Rap1 is not essential for initial vessel formation but is critical for vessel stabilization, as double knockout of the two Rap1 isoforms leads to hemorrhage and embryonic lethality. After development, Rap1 is not required for endothelial barrier maintenance but is critical for nitric oxide production and endothelial function. Radil and Afadin mediate Rap1 effects on endothelial barrier function by regulating connection with Rho GTPases, actomyosin cytoskeleton, and cell–cell adhesion receptors.

Summary
Rap1 is critically required for nitric oxide release and normal endothelial function in vivo. Mechanistic studies lead to a novel paradigm of Rap1 as a critical regulator of endothelial cell shear stress responses and endothelial homeostasis. Increased understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying endothelial barrier regulation may identify novel pharmacological targets for retinopathies and conditions with altered endothelial barrier function or when increased endothelial barrier is desired.
Honoring Motherhood
Authors: Reed Shelly J. , Callister Lynn Clark , Kavaefiafi ‘Ana , Corbett Cheryl , Edmunds Debra 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Purpose:
The purpose of this ethnographic study was to describe the meaning of childbirth for Tongan women.

Study Design and Methods:
In this qualitative descriptive study, 38 Tongan women, 18 from Tonga and 20 from the United States, who had given birth in the past year were invited to share their perceptions of childbirth. Themes were generated collaboratively by the research team.

Findings:
The overarching theme was honoring motherhood; other themes include using strength to facilitate an unmedicated vaginal birth, describing the spiritual dimensions of birth, adhering to cultural practices associated with childbearing, and the influence of the concept of respect on childbearing.

Implications for Clinical Practice:
Understanding the value Tongan women and their families place on motherhood can help nurses to give culturally sensitive nursing care. Tongan beliefs and cultural practices should be respected. Nurses should assess women's personal preferences for their care and advocate for them as needed. Sensitivity to stoicism is important, especially on pain control and patient education. Nurses should be aware of Tongan values regarding modesty and respect, and provide an appropriate care environment. A culturally competent nurse understands the importance of sociocultural influences on women's health beliefs and behaviors and generates appropriate interventions.
Association of Self-reported Impulsivity to Nonsuicidal Self-Injury, Suicidality, and Mortality in Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatients
Authors: Alasaarela Lauri , Hakko Helinä , Riala Kaisa , Riipinen Pirkko 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This study examines the association of self-reported impulsivity to nonsuicidal self-injury, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and completed suicides in a clinical sample of 508 Finnish adolescents (aged 12–17) treated in psychiatric inpatient care between April 2001 and March 2006. The Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children Present and Lifetime interview was used to gather information on psychiatric disorders, impulsivity, and suicidality of the adolescents. Mortality data were obtained from the national cause of death register. In adolescent girls, impulsivity was significantly associated with suicidal ideation and attempts and completed suicides in adolescent boys. Of adolescent boys with impulsivity, 10.4% had died by suicide during the follow-up time. For preventive purposes, health care professionals are encouraged asked adolescents targeted questions about impulsivity and to consider the associated risk of suicidality identified in this study.
Feasibility of Training Frontline Therapists in Prolonged Exposure
Authors: Ghafoori Bita , Hansen Marissa C. , Garibay Erika , Korosteleva Olga 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The study aims were to determine whether prolonged exposure (PE) improved mental health and was feasible to implement by frontline clinicians in a culturally diverse sample with complex trauma. Seventy-one individuals were randomly assigned to PE or person-centered therapy (PCT). Outcome measures were administered at baseline and sessions 3, 6, 9, and 12. Mixed modeling was used to regress outcome measures on time, treatment group, and number of visits. Individuals who received PE showed significant moderate association with decline in reported posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms as noted by the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (p = 0.05) compared with PCT. Results indicated improved scores on all measures at each follow-up time point compared with baseline (p ≤ 0.01). PE was feasible, shown by positive recruitment and ability of clinicians to effectively implement and maintain treatment fidelity. Findings suggest that PE can be effective for treating complex trauma when used by clinicians in community settings.