bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IL-17 and Th17 cells in systemic sclerosis: a comprehensive review
Authors: Bălănescu Paul , Bălănescu Eugenia , Bălănescu Anca 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
T cells (especially T helper cells) seem to be strongly associated with systemic sclerosis pathogenesis. Th17-IL-17 axis was proved to be involved in the pathogenesis of multiple autoimmune diseases. By performing a comprehensive research of the literature indexed in PubMed database, the current review summarizes current knowledge related to Th17 and IL-17 in systemic sclerosis. While there is promising data suggesting inhibition of Tregulatory and Th1 signals on one hand and promotion of Th17 and Th2 signals on the other, studies that include prospective and integrated analysis of Tregulatory, Th17, Th1, Th2 (cells and derived cytokines) on the same cohort of Ssc patients are warranted.
The embodiment of connotations: A proposed model
Authors: Neuman Yair , Howard Newton , Falissard Louis , Malach Rafi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe idea that abstract words are grounded in our sensorimotor experience is gaining support and popularity, as observed in the increasing number of studies dealing with “neurosemantics.” Therefore, it is important to form models that explain how to bridge the gap between basic bodily experiences and abstract language. This paper focuses on the embodiment of connotations, such as “sweet” in “sweet baby,” where the adjective has been abstracted from its concrete and embodied sense. We summarize several findings from recent studies in neuroscience and the cognitive sciences suggesting thatemotion, body, andlanguageare three factors required for understanding the emergence of abstract words, and (1) propose a model explaining how these factors contribute to the emergence of connotations, (2) formulate a computational model instantiating our theoretical model, and (3) test our model in a task involving the automatic identification of connotations. The results support our model pointing to the role of embodiment in the formation of connotations.
Improvement of lateral connectivity in a sector of River Hârtibaciu (Olt/Danube Basin)
Authors: Voicu Răzvan , Bănăduc Doru , Kay Eric , Schneider-Binder Erika , Curtean-Bănăduc Angela 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The Hârtibaciu River in the Alţâna area has a disturbed lateral connectivity owing to its lateral embankments, as a result of which fish communities in this river sector are negatively influenced. The method of obtaining the water supply for a new proposed wetland is by gravitation, and any excessive water supply to the wetland will be controled and directed to the Hârtibaciu River in a natural manner. A state-of-the-art man-made wetland should increase the quality of the habitat for local fish communities, especially for the Rhodeus sericeus population, which is a species of conservation interest.
Aktivitas Anti-Hiperglikemia Ekstrak Etanol Turbinaria decurrens
Authors: Wikanta Thamrin , Kristi Dian , Rahayu Lestari , Fajarningsih Nurrahmi Dewi 
Published: July 2017

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol Turbinaria decurrensterhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah tikus hiperglikemik. Dibuat 6 kelompok perlakuan hewan percobaan, masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 5 ekor. Hewan percobaan (kecuali kontrol normal) dibuat hiperglikemik dengan suntikan aloksan tetrahidrat secara intravena pada dosis 130 mg/kg BB. Kelompok I (kontrol normal) tidak diberi perlakuan; kelompok II (kontrol negatif) diberikan perlakuan air suling; kelompok III diberikan ekstrak T. decurrens dosis rendah 0,85 g/kg BB; kelompok IV diberikan ekstrak T. decurrensdosis sedang 1,70 g/kg BB; kelompok V diberikan ekstrak T. decurrensdosis tinggi 3,40 g/kg BB; kelompok VI kontrol positif diberikan glibenklamid 0,90 mg/kg BB. Ekstrak T. decurrensdan obat glibenklamid diberikan secara oral selama 20 hari. Pada hari ke-0, 5, 10, 15, dan 20 sejak kondisi awal hiperglikemik, s emua hewan perc obaan diambil sampel darahnya, dan diukur kadar glukosa darahnya. Di akhir masa percobaan, semua tikus dibedah dan diambil organ pankreasnya untuk dilakukan pengamatan histopatologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak etanol T. decurrens pada dosis 0,85 g/kg BB, dosis 1,70 g/kg BB, dan dosis 3,40 g/ kg BB dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah tikus yang mengalami kondisi hiperglikemik. Ekstrak etanol T. decurrens dos is 3,40 g/kg BB mempunyai potens i yang lebih baik dibandingkan glibenklamid dosis 0,90 mg/kg BB sebagai control positif dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa darah tikus. Analisis histopatologi menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol T. decurrens dapat membantu pemulihan kondisi hiperglikemia tikus yang ditandai dengan peningkatan nilai rata-rata diameter pulau Langerhans dan jumlah sel-b pankreas di dalam pulau Langerhans hingga kembali mendekati kondisi normal.
Distinct Tertiary Lymphoid Structure Associations and Their Prognostic Relevance in HER2 Positive and Negative Breast Cancers
Authors: Liu Xia , Tsang Julia Y.S. , Hlaing Thazin , Hu Jintao , Ni Yun-Bi , Chan Siu Ki , Cheung Sai Yin , Tse Gary M. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Background
The presence of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) is associated with favorable prognosis. Recent evidence suggested that not only their density, but also the spatial organization as tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), play a key role in determining patient survival.

Materials and Methods
In a cohort of 248 breast cancers, the clinicopathologic association and prognostic role of TLS was examined.

Results
Tertiary lymphoid structures were associated with higher tumor grade, apocrine phenotype, necrosis, extensive in situ component, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and high TIL. For biomarkers, TLS were associated with hormone receptors negativity, HER2 positivity, and c-kit expression. Tertiary lymphoid structures were significantly related to better disease-free survival (DFS) in HER2 positive (HER2+) breast cancers (log-rank = 4.054), which was not dependent on high TIL status. The combined TLS and TIL status was an independent favorable factor associated with DFS in those cases. Interestingly, tumor cell infiltration into the TLS was found in 41.9% of TLS positive cases. It was associated with LVI in HER2 negative (HER2−) TLS positive (particularly estrogen receptor positive [ER+] HER2−) cases. In the ER+ HER2− cases, tumor cell infiltration into TLS was also associated with increased pathologic nodal stage (pN) stage and nodal involvement.

Conclusion
Tertiary lymphoid structures showed a similar relationship with clinicopathologic features and biomarkers as TIL. The presence of TLS, irrespective of TIL level, could be an important favorable prognostic indicator in HER2+ breast cancer patients. Given the significance of TLS in promoting effective antitumor immunity, further understanding of its organization and induction may provide new opportunities to improve the current immunotherapy strategies.
Moseneke v The Master 2001 2 SA18 (CC): Racial Discrimination Laws and the Interests of Justice
Authors: Rautenbach Christa 
Published: July 2017

In 2002 the faculty of law of the Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education in collaboration with the Konrad-Adenauer-Stifttung embarked on a study on Politics, Socio-Economic Issues and Culture in Constitutional Adjudication. The project is aimed at analysing the influence of the Bill of Rights1 in order to develop practical guidelines for South African courts confronted with issues of a political, socio-economic and cultural nature.
It is against this background that Moseneke v The Master2 will be analysed.3 In this paper a general introduction of the facts of the case will be given. Thereafter the principles applied by die court in evaluating racial discrimination laws and the interests of justice will be highlighted. The case deals with certain provisions of the Black Administration Act,4 which applies to Africans living under a system of customary law, and emphasis will be on the development of practical guidelines for South African courts confronted with issues of a political, socio-economic and cultural nature. Finally, the relevant changes proposed by the minister as a result of the decision reached in the Moseneke case will briefly be referred to.
Universality of human rights and cultural diversity: A Perspective
Authors: Wessels Leon 
Published: July 2017

This speech is an attempt to offer á perspective, given the particular circumstances4 that moulded my thinking. I will sketch the background and confine myself to the unfolding South African scene. The problem, which I will not try and resolve today, is that the different regions in the world and some commentators, also in South Africa, hold firm views. Universal human rights imply inclusiveness because it reflects our “common humanity”.6 This is determined and refined through interpretation and application by humankind at particular moments in time and history. Universality is much more than the determination by a majority at a particular moment because universal human rights “are the rights of all persons in the world”.
Clearing a Path Towards Effective Alien Invasive Control: the Legal Conundrum
Authors: Paterson AR 
Published: July 2017

Alien invasive plants pose significant ecological, social and economic challenges for South Africa. These species threaten South Africa’s rich biodiversity, deplete our scarce water resources, reduce the agricultural potential of land, cause soil erosion and intensify flooding and fires. According to recent estimations, over eight percent of land in South Africa has been invaded by these species and at current rates of expansion their impact could double in the next fifteen years.

In an attempt to curb the impending crises, the South African government has promulgated eleven national and various provincial laws which contain mechanisms for regulating the different threats posed by alien invasive plants. Certain of these laws are framework in nature while the majority are sectoral and aimed at regulating these species for one of the following four main purposes: biodiversity conservation; water conservation; agricultural management; and fire risk management. The responsibility for administering these laws spans four national departments, nine provincial environmental authorities, provincial conservation authorities, numerous local and statutory authorities. This fragmented regime, coupled with the adoption of a command and control approach to regulation, has proven inept in effectively regulating the spread of alien invasive plants in South Africa. This reality led the previous Minister of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Mr Valli Moosa, to call for the development of a “coherent legislative framework … streamlined along the lines of the principles endorsed by the Convention on Biological Diversity”.

This article critically analyses the government’s attempts to develop such a “coherent legislative framework” to regulate alien invasive plants in light of recent legislative reform. It is divided into two parts. Part one critically considers South Africa’s current laws of relevance to alien invasive plants with specific emphasis on their fragmented approach to planning and implementation. Part two provides suggestions on how the current legislative framework can be rationalised to entrench a more integrated, and hopefully successful, approach to the future regulation of alien invasive plants in South Africa.
Human Rights Commission Et Al: What is the role of South Africa's Chapter 9 Institutions?
Authors: Murray C 
Published: July 2017

The six independent institutions established under Chapter 9 of the South African Constitution have been heavily criticised recently. One of the reasons that they are vulnerable to criticism is a lack of understanding of their role, both on the part of members of the institutions and the public. This article argues that they share two distinct roles: To provide a check on government and to contribute to the transformation of South African society. In fulfilling the checking role, they differ from the three branches of government as they have no power to block government action. Their effectiveness lies in their ability to provide an authoritative account of government action and to cooperate with government in the correction of problems. Their position as an intermediary between the public and government ensures that they can contribute to enhancing government accountability in ways that complement the role of the courts and Parliament. The explicit mandates of transformation and mobilization make the transformation role of the HRC, CGE and CRL Commission very clear. But, in different ways, the other three institutions, can also act proactively. Finally the article argues that, despite mandates that overlap to some extent, the six institutions complement each other. Their greatest challenges are the newness of democracy in South Africa, the immensity of the demands which the state is expected to meet and the political dominance of the governing party. Each of these factors puts pressure on the chapter 9 institutions and on democracy in South Africa.
Grounds for dispensing with public tender procedures in Government Contracting
Authors: Bolton P 
Published: July 2017

The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa1 provides that organs of state must comply with five principles when procuring goods or services: procurement procedures must be fair, equitable, transparent, competitive and cost-effective. In short, this means that organs of state should make use of competition when procuring goods or services. They should shop around and attract the maximum number of contractors who will participate in such competition. The aim should be the attainment of value for money, meaning, public money should be spent in an effective and efficient manner. Those who participate in competitions should also be treated fairly and without bias. In principle, no preferences should be afforded to different contractors; all contracting parties should have equal access to competition; some contractors should not be afforded more time for the preparation and submission of quotes or tenders than others; and the same information should be made available to all contracting parties. Government procurement procedures should further be transparent, meaning public or open. Thus, organs of state should not contract behind closed doors – government contracts should, as a rule, be advertised.

Depending on the nature and value of a particular contract, the use of a public call for tenders is generally the best way to ensure compliance with the
principles in the Constitution. By nature, a pubic call for tenders is open, it assists in the prevention of fraud and favouritism, and it ensures that the maximum number of contractors is approached to compete for a contract. Organs of state can also compare prices and quality and can contract with whoever offers the best deal. Most legislation therefore proceeds on the basis that procurement takes place by way of tendering. Generally, contracts above R200 000 are subject to public tender procedures.

In certain instances, however, a public call for tenders may be inappropriate regardless of the high value of the contract. For this reason, exceptions are provided for in legislation. Since tendering, however, is generally the best way to ensure compliance with all the principles in the Constitution, it is important for there to be sufficient guidance on the non-use of tender procedures. Proper guidance will, to a large extent, ensure uniformity and transparency in government procurement procedures which will, in turn, assist in the combating of corruption. In this article, attention is given to the legislation that provides for exceptions to the use of tendering at all three levels of government. Recommendations are then made as to how some of the legislative provisions should be interpreted in order to align them with the principles in the Constitution. In doing so, reference is made to a number of international instruments dealing with government procurement and specifically, the non-use of tender procedures.
Efektifitas Fungsi Hutan Kota di Surakarta
Authors: Gambiro Gunung , Yudhana Galing , Astuti Winny 
Published: July 2017

<div><p><em>In limited urban forest in developed cities, the existence of the urban forest is very important to maintain the sustainability of the city. In the era of developed city there are still a lot of urban forest functions considered not important. Thus, the potential of urban forest in the Surakarta currently is expected to be maximized its function in order to be effective. The Problem in this research is how effectively the functions of urban forests in Surakarta. With the aim to determine the efficiency of urban forest based on its functions for the survival existence of an existing green open space in Surakarta currently. Thus the effective functions of the urban forest in Surakarta today become crucial, according to the function of ecological, social, economic and aesthetic. Through observation method and questionnaire as well as the calculation of scoring and linkert scale are expected to provide findings in the research of how effectively the functions of urban forests in Surakarta today. Therefore, in this analysis requires identification of the stages characteristic of urban forest areas, analysis urban forest functions, and analysis the effectiveness of urban forest functions. From the analysis of the effectiveness urban forest function, it was found that the effectiveness of urban forest functions in Surakarta was not only seen through the effectiveness of quantity but also the quality of the urban forest itself. The effectiveness of urban forest will run well with the commitment of government and society. This research recommendations in the planning area is to give a good management and maintenance and sustainable development that capable producing urban forest function to be more effective in the quality and quantity.</em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> Green Open Space, Effectiveness, Urban Forest Functions, Quantity and Quality.</em></p></div>
PENGARUH FAKTOR PREFERENSI BERMUKIM MASYARAKAT DALAM MEMILIH HUNIAN PERUMAHAN TERHADAP KONDISI FISIK LINGKUNGAN DI PINGGIRAN SELATAN KOTA SURAKARTA
Authors: Kharisma Erlana Citra Putri , Yudana Galing , Astuti Winny 
Published: July 2017

<p><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong>: <em>Limited land for housing in Surakarta eventually make the society chosen an alternative to living in residential housing on the southern fringe of Surakarta.The problems in this research is how influence of factors society living preference when choosing a residential housing to the physical condition of the environment on the southern fringe of Surakarta. The purpose of research is to find the influence of factors society living preference when choosing a residential housing to the physical condition of the environment on the southern fringe of Surakarta. </em><em>The used research method was quantitative with deductive approach</em><em>. The analysis technique used is descriptive eksplanatif analysis. Overall the conclusion of this research is </em><em>factors society living preference when choosing a residential housing give high influence to physical condition of the environment on the southern fringe of Surakarta. When viewed its influence to each of these aspect physical condition of the environment, factors society living preference when choosing a residential housing give high level of influence on the residential density condition, give high level of influence on the facilities condition, give high level of influence on the infrastructure condition and give medium level of influence on the accessibility condition.</em></p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Keyword: </em></strong><em>Housing, Living preference, </em><em>Physical condition of the environment</em><strong><em></em></strong></p>
KLASIFIKASI KARAKTERISTIK DAMPAK INDUSTRI PADA KAWASAN PERMUKIMAN TERDAMPAK INDUSTRI DI CEMANI KABUPATEN SUKOHARJO
Authors: Pradani Desita Putri , Rahayu Murtanti Jani , Putri Rufia Andisetyana 
Published: July 2017

<strong><strong></strong></strong><p><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong><strong><em>:</em></strong><em>.</em><em>Cemani Village/kelurahan Cemani is one of regions in Kecamatan Sukoharjo, which is one of the industrial area. as listed in Sukoharjo Regional Spatial Plan year 2014, Cemani village located around the huge industrial company such as Batik Keris compan,Dan Liris company, Konimex company, and Sobisco company. The problem in this research is how is the classification characteristics of industrial area and how it affected residential areas of Sukoharjo Cemani? The purpose of this study was to determine the classification of the characteristics of industrial impacts on residential areas that affected by industrial areea at Cemani Sukoharjo. The method used is the deductive research methods with quantitative research. Technique of analysis that used is descriptive analysis. This research conclusion is the impacts of the major industries in Sukoharjo Cemani settlement are: the emergence of the settlement of labor / industrial workers, the emergence of slum area, water pollution and flood the area. Cassification of this bad impacts of the industrial area to the physical environment can be perceived by people’s settlement in 0-500 m&gt; 500m - 1kilometer, and&gt; 1 kilometer from the industrial area. </em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: </em><em>Industrial Impact</em><em>, </em><em>Industrial Impact Classification, Industrial Settlement Areas</em><em></em></p>
PENGARUH PERUBAHAN PELAYANAN KESEHATAN RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH DR. MOEWARDI TERHADAP PEMANFAATAN LAHAN KOMERSIAL DI SEKITARNYA DI SURAKARTA
Authors: Yuniary Nofa , Rahayu Murtanti Jani , Putri Rufia Andisetyana 
Published: July 2017

<p><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong><strong><em>: </em></strong><em>Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Moewardi is a national scale-hospital provided by Central Java provincial government in the city of Surakarta. Assigned as a class hospital in 2007, Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Moewardi led the citizen to have health service. The main activity of the district will be followed by the other development of the second activity. Hospital is one kind of main activities that can give impact to surrounding environment. Commercial activity area which is grow up around the hospital, such as boarding house, food court, convenience store and the other commercial services, gives impact to the sector’s revolution around the hospital. The issues in the research is the other utilization of the commercial area around the hospital which is effected by the change of health service of Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Moewardi. This research aimed to find out the effect of Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Moewardi’s health service change to the utilization commercial area around the hospital. The method used is deductive-explanative descriptive analysis technique. The data collected is a real observation, respondent interview and document–based data. The result of the research shows that the service of Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Moewardi is increasingly change by the years. It equals with the utilization of the commercial area around Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Moewardi which is also increasing the commercial area so it can be concluded that the health service in Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Moewardi gives impact to the utilization of commercial area around</em><em> because both changes that increased.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>development of health services, commercial land use change</em></p>