bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The antecedents and impact of industry consultants on the future performance of new banks
Authors: DeVaughn Michael L. , Leary Myleen 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the antecedents and performance outcomes when startup firms in the US banking industry hire industry consultants.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a sample of prospective startup banks that applied for a new bank charter application in Florida between 1996 and 2005. Logistic regression, ordinary least squares or ordered logistic regression models were used to test hypotheses.FindingsAnalysis suggests complexity and regulatory change are factors in a founder’s decision to hire a consultant. Consultants have a positive impact on firm financial performance but not on a composite multifactor measure of performance. Additional analyses suggest the effectiveness of consulting assistance hinges on specific attributes of the consulting firm, but cumulative consulting experience is not one of these attributes.Research limitations/implicationsThis study focuses on the impact of consultants on new venture performance in a single industry using archival data. Additional research is likely needed to test the generalizability of the findings in other research contexts and examine motives beyond the financial ones investigated in this study.Practical implicationsResults suggest that hiring a consultant at startup can satisfy financial stakeholders, but, in a regulated industry, hiring a consultant at startup does not improve a composite, multifactor measure of performance that is important to industry regulators. When deciding whether to commit scarce resources to hiring consultants, founding teams should be clear which external stakeholder and which measure of performance they are seeking to improve.Originality/valueWhile the business advisory role of informal players such as family and friends and more formal players such as board members and federal, state or local governments have been well documented, little attention has been paid to the contributions of industry consultants in startup firms. These overlooked intermediaries play an important role in the successful launch of a new firm. This study examines when and why such advisors might create value for new firms.
On strategic trade-offs: does the principle of energy conservation explain the trade-offs law?
Authors: Thürer Matthias , Stevenson Mark , Sarmiento Roberto , Gianiodis Peter 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to reaffirm the suggestion that there are at least two distinct types of laws of trade-off that affect all firms and, in doing so, to contribute toward resolving the persistent trade-off debate in the literature.Design/methodology/approachConceptual study using implicit deductive reasoning.FindingsTwo types of trade-offs are identified: “internal” can be understood following the dictates of the law of diminishing returns, while “external” can be modeled using the principle of energy conservation.Research limitations/implicationsNew insights are provided by discussing the impact of both laws of trade-off on the resource-based view of the firm, on new capabilities such as sustainability and innovativeness and on key strategic choices.Practical implicationsThe study explains why trade-offs occur and outlines contextual factors that determine the “strength” of the trade-offs.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, no previous study has attempted to investigate the topic of strategic trade-offs on the basis of the principle of energy conservation.
An agency perspective on the board of directors and corporate entrepreneurship
Authors: Tribbitt Mark A. , Yang Yi 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between board dependence, antitakeover provisions and their influence on corporate entrepreneurship (CE).Design/methodology/approachThe study uses agency theory as a framework to expand on the board dependence–CE relationship by injecting the moderating role of antitakeover provisions to the model. Using data collected from 350 publicly traded firms, a panel regression analyses was conducted on both innovation and venturing components of CE.FindingsThe findings of this study show a negative relationship between board dependence and CE. Further this study shows that such a negative relationship becomes weaker when higher levels of antitakeover provisions are injected into the model.Research limitations/implicationsThis study was conducted using a sample of large publicly traded firms within the information and manufacturing sectors, and so our findings may not be generalizable to firms in other contexts. Further, other variables representing CE (e.g. new product introductions) may add to this line of research in the future.Practical implicationsUnderstanding the role of board of directors within a firm may help foster CE throughout the organization.Originality/valueThis study expands on existing research by incorporating the influence of environmental factors (e.g. antitakeover provisions) and examining the relationship between corporate governance and CE using both measures of innovation and venturing.
Evaluation of efficiency and mechanical properties of Inconel 718 components built by wire and powder laser material deposition
Authors: Arrizubieta Jon Iñaki , Klocke Fritz , Klingbeil Nils , Arntz Kristian , Lamikiz Aitzol , Martinez Silvia 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate and compare powder and wire laser material deposition (LMD) processes.

Design/methodology/approach
In the present paper, Inconel 718 tensile test probes were built layer by layer using a longitudinal strategy, and the quality of the deposited material was characterized for both wire and powder LMD processes. The measured data during the deposition tests have been used for comparing the efficiency of both powder and wire LMD processes. Afterwards, to evaluate the mechanical properties of the parts generated by means of both processes, standard tensile tests were carried out. Furthermore, other factors have been evaluated, such as process reliability or presence of residual material, after the deposition process.

Findings
Results show a higher efficiency of the wire LMD process, and even similar ultimate tensile stress values were reached for both processes; powder LMD parts resulted in a more brittle nature.

Originality/value
In the present paper, a thorough analysis that compared both processes has been carried out. The results obtained will help in the future when choosing between wire and powder LMD. The main points of the wealth of knowledge generated with these research efforts are highlighted herein.
Edge quality in fused deposition modeling: I. Definition and analysis
Authors: Armillotta Antonio , Cavallaro Marco 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the problem of the geometric accuracy of edges in parts manufactured by the Fused Deposition Modeling process, as a preliminary step for an experimental investigation.

Methodology/approach
Three geometric variables (inclination, included and incidence angles) were defined for an edge. The influence of each variable on the geometric errors was explained with reference to specific causes related to physical phenomena and process constraints.

Findings
Occurrence conditions for all causes were determined and visualized in a process map, which was also developed into a software procedure for the diagnosis of quality issues on digital models of the parts.

Research limitations/implications
The process map was developed by only empirical considerations and does not allow to predict the amount of geometric errors. In the second part of the paper, experimental tests will help to extend and validate the prediction criteria.

Practical implications
As demonstrated by an example, the results allow to predict the occurrence of visible defects on the edges of a part before manufacturing it with a given build orientation.

Originality/value
In literature, the geometric accuracy of additively manufactured parts is only related to surface features. The paper shows that the quality of edges depends on additional variables and causes to be carefully controlled by process choices.
Bonding quality and fracture analysis of polyamide 12 parts fabricated by fused deposition modeling
Authors: Li Hao , Zhang Shuai , Yi Zhiran , Li Jie , Sun Aihua , Guo Jianjun , Xu Gaojie 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThis work aims to evaluate the influence of rheological properties of building materials on the bonding quality and ultimate tensile strength in the fused deposition modeling (FDM) process, through the investigation of parts printed by semi-crystalline and amorphous resins. Little information is currently available about the influence of the crystalline nature on FDM-printed part quality.Design/methodology/approachSemi-crystalline polyamide 12 and amorphous acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) were used to assess the influence of rheological properties on bonding quality and the tensile strength, by varying three important process parameters: materials, liquefier temperature and raster orientation. A fractography of both tensile and freeze-fractured samples was also investigated.FindingsThe rheological properties, mainly the melt viscosity, were found to have a significant influence on the bonding quality of fused filaments. Better bonding quality and higher tensile strength of FDM parts printed with semi-crystalline PA12, as compared with amorphous ABS, are suggested to be a result of higher initial sintering rates owing to the lower melt viscosity of PA12 at low shear rates. Near-full dense PA12 parts were obtained by FDM.Originality/valueThis project provides a variety of data and insight regarding the effect of materials properties on the mechanical performance of FDM-printed parts. The results showed that FDM technique allows the production of PA12 parts with adequate mechanical performance, overcoming the greatest limitation of a dependence on amorphous thermoplastics as a feedstock for the production of prototypes.
A hybrid machine learning approach for additive manufacturing design feature recommendation
Authors: Yao Xiling , Moon Seung Ki , Bi Guijun 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to present a hybrid machine learning algorithm for additive manufacturing (AM) design feature recommendation during the conceptual design phase.

Design/methodology/approach
In the proposed hybrid machine learning algorithm, hierarchical clustering is performed on coded AM design features and target components, resulting in a dendrogram. Existing industrial application examples are used to train a supervised classifier that determines the final sub-cluster within the dendrogram containing the recommended AM design features.

Findings
Through a case study of designing additive manufactured R/C car components, the proposed hybrid machine learning method was proven useful in providing feasible conceptual design solutions for inexperienced designers by recommending appropriate AM design features.

Originality/value
The proposed method helps inexperienced designers who are newly exposed to AM capabilities explore and utilize AM design knowledge computationally.
Fundamental investigation of part properties at accelerated beam speeds in the selective laser sintering process
Authors: Lexow Matthias Michael , Drexler Maximilian , Drummer Dietmar 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
Despite the recent progress in basic process understanding considering the selective laser sintering (SLS) of thermoplastics, several aspects of the mechanisms of the beam and powder interaction are not fully understood yet. Recent studies covered the correlation of mechanical properties and part density with the heating rate. The surface roughness of the test specimens was also considered but showed no distinct relation to the part mechanics. The purpose of this paper is to provide a new fundamental model for describing the decreasing mechanical properties with increasing beam speed.

Design/methodology/approach
While the dependence of mechanical properties with total energy input during exposure is well published, the correlation of the exposure speed with the degree of particle melt (DPM) is the subject of the present study. The DPM is accessible through differential scanning calorimetry measurements. Supporting the previously introduced method of the core-peak height, the interpretation via the core-peak area is proposed as a means to ascertain the melting behaviour for different processing conditions. Further support of the observations is given by x-ray computed tomography and microscopy which allows for a correlation with the respective porosity and inner structure of the parts.

Findings
The authors show a novel way of describing the decreasing mechanical properties with increasing speed of energy input by showing the dependence of the DPM on the heating rate during exposure.

Practical implications
The results offer an addition to the understanding considering the reliability and reproducibility of the SLS process.

Originality/value
The paper extends the existing models of the time-dependent material behaviour, which allows for the derivation of new efficient and stable process strategies.
The microstructure and mechanical properties of deposited-IN625 by laser additive manufacturing
Authors: Qin Lanlan , Chen Changjun , Zhang Min , Yan Kai , Cheng Guangping , Jing Hemin , Wang Xiaonan 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
Laser additive manufacturing (LAM) technology based on powder bed has been used to manufacture complex geometrical components. In this study, IN625 superalloys were fabricated by high-power fiber laser without cracks, bounding errors or porosity. Meanwhile, the objectives of this paper are to systemically investigate the microstructures, micro-hardness and the precipitated Laves phase of deposited-IN625 under different annealing temperatures.

Design/methodology/approach
The effects of annealing temperatures on the microstructure, micro-hardness and the precipitated Laves phase were studied by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), backscattered electron (BSE) imaging in the SEM and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. The thermal stability of the dendritic morphology about IN625 superalloys was investigated through annealing at temperatures range from 1,000°C to 1,200°C.

Findings
It is found that the microstructure of deposited-IN625 was typical dendrite structure. Besides, some Laves phase precipitated in the interdendritic region results in the segregation of niobium and molybdenum. The thermal stability indicate that the morphology of dendrite can be stable up to 1,000°C. With the annealing temperatures increasing from 1,000 to 1,200°C, the Laves phase partially dissolves into the γ-Ni matrix, and the morphology of the remaining Laves phase is changing from irregular shape to rod-like or block-like shape.

Research limitations/implications
The heat treatment used on the IN625 superalloys is helpful for knowing the evolution of microstructures and precipitated phases thermal stability and mechanical properties.

Practical implications
Due to the different kinds of application conditions, the original microstructure of the IN625 superalloys fabricated by LAM may not be ideal. So exploring the influence of annealing treatment on IN625 superalloys can bring theory basis and guidance for actual production.

Originality/value
This study continues valuing the fabrication of IN625 by LAM. It shows the effect of annealing temperatures on the shape, size and distribution of Laves phase and the microstructures of deposited-IN625 superalloys.
A comparative study of mechanical properties and machinability of wrought and additive manufactured (selective laser melting) titanium alloy – Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Shunmugavel Manikandakumar , Polishetty Ashwin , Goldberg Moshe , Singh Rajkumar , Littlefair Guy 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study and compare the mechanical properties and machinability characteristics of additive manufactured titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V with conventionally produced wrought titanium alloy,Ti-6Al-4V. The difference in mechanical properties such as yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, micro hardness, percentage of elongation and their effect on machinability characteristics like cutting forces and surface roughness are studied. It was found that higher strength and hardness of SLM Ti-6Al-4V compared to wrought Ti-6Al-4V owing to its peculiar acicular microstructure significantly affected the cutting forces and surface roughness. High cutting forces and low surface roughness were observed during machining of additive manufactured components compared to its wrought counterpart because of their difference in strength, hardness and ductility.Design/methodology/approachMechanical properties like yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, hardness and percentage of elongation and machinability characteristics like cutting forces and surface roughness were studied for both wrought and additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V.FindingsMechanical properties like yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and hardness were higher for additive manufactured components as compared to the wrought component. However additive manufactured components significantly lacked in ductility as compared to the wrought parts. Concerning machining, higher cutting forces and lower surface roughness were observed in additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V compared to the wrought part as a result of differences in mechanical properties of these differently processed materials.Originality/valueThis paper, for the first time, discusses the machining capabilities of additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V.
A new two-step adaptive direct slicing approach for bio-scaffolds in tissue engineering
Authors: Liu Wangyu , Li Mingke 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to propose the new two-step adaptive direct slicing method for building bio-scaffold with digital micro-mirror device (DMD)-based MPμSLA systems.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, the authors proposed a new approach to directly slice a scaffold’s CAD model (i.e the three-dimensional model built by computer-aided design platforms) and save the slices’ data as BMP (bitmap, i.e. the data format used in DMD) files instead of other types of two-dimensional patterns as an intermediary. The proposed two-step strategy in this paper, i.e. a CAD model’s exterior surface and internal architecture were sliced, respectively, at first, and then assembled together to obtain one intact slice. The assembly process is much easier and convenient based on the slice data in BMP format. To achieve the adaptive slicing for both the exterior part and internal part, two new indices, the exterior surface-dominated index and internal architecture-dominated index, are, respectively, utilized as the error estimation indices. The proposed approach in this paper is developed on SolidWorks platform, but it can also be implemented on other platforms.

Findings
The authors found that the approach is not only more accurate but also more efficient by avoiding the repeated running of those inefficient rasterization programs. The approach is able to save computer resource and time, and enhance the robustness of slicing program, as well as is appropriate for the scaffolds’ model with internal pore architecture and external free-form surface.

Practical implications
Bio-scaffolds in tissue engineering require precise control over material distribution, such as the porosity, connectivity, internal pore architecture and external free-form surface. The proposed two-step adaptive direct slicing approach is a good balance of slicing efficiency and accuracy and can be useful for slicing bio-scaffolds’ models.

Originality/value
This paper gives supports to build bio-scaffold with DMD-based MPμSLA systems.
Optimization of parameters for SLS of WC-Co
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Czekanski Aleksander 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
WC-Co is a well-known material for conventional tooling but is not yet commercially available for additive manufacturing. Processing it by selective laser sintering (SLS) will pave the way for its commercialization and adoption.

Design/methodology/approach
It is intended to optimize process parameters (laser power, hatch spacing, scan speed) by fabricating a bigger part (minimum size of 10 mm diameter and 5 mm height). Microstructural analysis, EDX and hardness testing is used to study effects of process parameters. Optimized parameter is ascertained after fabricating 49 samples in preliminary experiment, 27 samples in pre-final experiment and 9 samples in final experiment.

Findings
Higher laser power gives rise to cracks and depletion of cobalt while higher scan speed increases porosity. Higher hatch spacing is responsible for delamination and displacement of parts. Optimized parameters are 270 W laser power, 500 mm/s scan speed, 0.04 mm layer thickness, 0.04 mm hatch spacing (resulting in energy density of 216 J/mm3) and 200°C powder bed temperature. A part comprising of small hole of 2 mm diameter, thin cylindrical pin of 0.5 mm diameter and thin wall of 2 mm width bent up to 30° angle to the base plate is fabricated. In order to calculate laser energy density, a new equation is introduced which takes into account both beam diameter and hatch spacing unlike old equation does. In order to calculate laser energy density, a new equation is formulated which takes into account both beam diameter and hatch spacing unlike old equation does. WC was not completely melted as intended giving rise to partial melting-type binding mechanism. This justified the name SLS for process in place of SLM (Selective Laser Melting).

Research limitations/implications
Using all possible combination of parameters plus heating the part bed to maximum shows limitation of state-of-the-art commercial powder bed fusion machine for shaping hardmetal consisting of high amount of WC (83 wt. per cent).

Practical implications
The research shows that microfeatures could be fabricated using WC-Co which will herald renewed interest in investigating hardmetals using SLS for manufacturing complex hard tools, molds and wear-resistance parts.

Originality/value
This is the first time micro features are successfully fabricated using WC-Co without post-processing (infiltration, machining) and without the help of additional binding material (such as Cu, Ni, Fe).