bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Young Psychophysiologist Award Address, 1980
Authors: Duncan‐Johnson Connie C. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThe latency of the P300 component of the event‐related brain potential plays a unique role in mental chronometry. This is illustrated by presenting data from two experiments that addressed the following issues in information processing: a) the locus of the effect of stimulus probability on choice reaction time, and b) the locus of interference in performance on the Stroop color‐word test. Using P300 latency to index stimulus‐evaluation time, it is shown in the first experiment that both stimulus and response processing are affected by stimulus probability. The results suggest that more probable events are identified faster—an effect which is reflected in decreases in both P300 and response latency—and that the responses to them are emitted more rapidly—an effect which is reflected in reaction time only. In a second experiment, using the Stroop task, response time was found to vary with the congruence between the stimulus word and the color in which it was printed. However, the duration of stimulus processing, as indexed by P300 latency, remained constant. These results indicate that response competition is the primary source of Stroop interference. It is concluded that P300 latency can be viewed as an important addition to the set of dependent variables available to study human information processing.
Synthesis and cardiovascular protective effects of quercetin 7‐O‐sialic acid
Authors: Tian Hua , Liu Qingchao , Qin Shucun , Zong Chuanlong , Zhang Ying , Yao Shutong , Yang Nana , Guan Tao , Guo Shoudong 
Published: August 2016

AbstractOxidative stress and inflammation play important roles in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Oxidative stress‐induced desialylation is considered to be a primary step in atherogenic modification, and therefore, the attenuation of oxidative stress and/or inflammatory reactions may ameliorate CVD. In this study, quercetin 7‐O‐sialic acid (QA) was synthesized aiming to put together the cardiovascular protective effect of quercetin and the recently reported anti‐oxidant and anti‐atherosclerosis functions of N‐acetylneuraminic acid. The biological efficacy of QA was evaluated in vitro in various cellular models. The results demonstrated that 50 μM QA could effectively protect human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC, EA.hy926) against hydrogen peroxide‐ or oxidized low‐density lipoprotein‐induced oxidative damage by reducing the production of reactive oxygen species. QA attenuated hydrogen peroxide‐induced desialylation of HUVEC and lipoproteins. QA decreased lipopolysaccharide‐induced secretion of tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), and it significantly reduced the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1, vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1, TNF‐α and MCP‐1. Furthermore, QA effectively promoted cholesterol efflux from Raw 264.7 macrophages to apolipoprotein A‐1 and high‐density lipoprotein by up‐regulating ATP‐binding cassette transporter A1 and G1, respectively. Results indicated that the novel compound QA exhibited a better capacity than quercetin for anti‐oxidation, anti‐inflammation, cholesterol efflux promotion and biomolecule protection against desialylation and therefore could be a candidate compound for the prevention or treatment of CVD.
RAMP1 suppresses mucosal injury from dextran sodium sulfate‐induced colitis in mice
Authors: Kawashima‐Takeda Noriko , Ito Yoshiya , Nishizawa Nobuyuki , Kawashima Rei , Tanaka Kiyoshi , Tsujikawa Kazutake , Watanabe Masahiko , Majima Masataka 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackground and AimsCalcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) is thought to be involved in the modulation of intestinal motility. CGRP receptor is composed of receptor activity‐modifying protein (RAMP) 1 combined with calcitonin receptor‐like receptor (CRLR) for CGRP. The study investigated the role of CGRP in mice with experimentally induced colitis.MethodsThe study used dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce colitis in mice. The study compared the severity of colitis in wild‐type (WT) mice, mice treated with a CGRP receptor antagonist (CGRP8–37), and RAMP1 knockout (−/−) mice. Pathological changes in the mucosa were assessed, and inflammatory cells and cytokine levels were measured.ResultsThe severity of inflammation in DSS‐induced colitis increased markedly in CGRP8–37‐treated mice and RAMP1−/− mice compared with WT mice. RAMP1−/− mice showed more severe damage compared with CGRP8–37‐treated mice. The number of periodic acid‐Schiff‐positive cells decreased in CGRP8–37‐treated mice compared with WT mice and was even further decreased in RAMP1−/− mice. RAMP1 was expressed by macrophages, mast cells, and T‐cells. RAMP1−/− mice exhibited excessive accumulation of macrophages and mast cells into the colonic tissue with increased levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐1β as compared with WT mice. Infiltration of T‐cells into the colonic mucosa, which was associated with the expression of T helper (Th) cytokines including Th1 (interferon gamma) and Th17 (IL‐17), was augmented in RAMP1−/− mice.ConclusionsThe findings of this study suggest that RAMP1 exerted mucosal protection in DSS‐induced colitis via attenuation of recruitment of inflammatory cells and of pro‐inflammatory cytokines.
Real‐world efficacy and safety of daclatasvir and asunaprevir therapy for hepatitis C virus‐infected cirrhosis patients
Authors: Morio Kei , Imamura Michio , Kawakami Yoshiiku , Morio Reona , Kobayashi Tomoki , Yokoyama Satoe , Nagaoki Yuko , Kawaoka Tomokazu , Tsuge Masataka , Hiramatsu Akira , Makokha Grace Naswa , Hayes C Nelson , Aikata Hiroshi , Miki Daiki , Ochi Hidenori , Honda Yoji , Mori Nami , Takaki Shintaro , Tsuji Keiji , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackground and AimsDaclatasvir and asunaprevir combination therapy has shown a high virological response for chronic genotype 1 hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected‐patients. However, the real‐world efficacy and safety of the therapy for patients with cirrhosis are unknown.MethodsA total of 252 patients with genotype 1 HCV infection (158 with chronic hepatitis and 94 with compensated liver cirrhosis) were treated with 24 weeks of daclatasvir and asunaprevir combination therapy. Plasma concentrations of daclatasvir and asunaprevir at day 5 of treatment, end‐of‐treatment response, sustained virological response (SVR), and the frequencies of adverse events were analyzed.ResultPlasma asunaprevir concentration was significantly higher, and daclatasvir concentration tended to be higher, in cirrhosis patients compared with chronic hepatitis patients. End‐of‐treatment response was achieved in 95.6% and 94.7% of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis patients, respectively, and SVR was achieved in 94.3% and 92.6%. Although pre‐treatment NS5A drug resistant‐associated variants were detected, a high SVR rate was achieved when the population frequency of the variant was low. The frequencies of treatment‐related adverse events in cirrhosis patients were similar to those in chronic hepatitis patients. Treatment discontinuation due to adverse events occurred in three and two patients in chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis groups, respectively; however, four out of five patients with treatment discontinuation nonetheless achieved SVR.ConclusionPatients with compensated liver cirrhosis have similar virological response and tolerance for daclatasvir plus asunaprevir therapy to patients with chronic hepatitis. This combination therapy might offer a safe and effective treatment for chronic HCV infected‐patients with compensated cirrhosis.
3D correlative morphological and elemental characterization of materials at the deep submicrometre scale
Authors: PRIEBE A. , GORET G. , BLEUET P. , AUDOIT G. , LAURENCIN J. , BARNES J.‐P. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThis paper shows how X‐ray computed nanotomography (CNT) can be correlated with focused ion beam time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (FIB‐TOF‐SIMS) tomography on the same sample to investigate both the morphological and elemental structure. This methodology is applicable to relatively large specimens with dimensions of several tens of microns whilst maintaining a high spatial resolution of the order of 100 nm. However, combining X‐ray CNT and FIB‐TOF‐SIMS tomography requires innovative sample preparation protocols to allow both experiments to be conducted on exactly the same sample without chemically or structurally modifying the sample between measurements. Moreover, dedicated algorithms have been developed for effective data fusion that is biased with nine degrees of freedom. This methodology has been tested using a porous and heterogeneous solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) that has features varying in size by three orders of magnitude – from hundreds of nanometre large pores and grains to tens of micron wide functional layers.
Calpain inhibition reduces structural and functional impairment of retinal ganglion cells in experimental optic neuritis
Authors: Smith Amena W. , Rohrer Baerbel , Wheless Lee , Samantaray Supriti , Ray Swapan K. , Inoue Jun , Azuma Mitsuyoshi , Banik Naren L. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractOptic neuritis (ON), inflammation of the optic nerve, is strongly associated with multiple sclerosis. ON pathology is characterized by attack of autoreactive T cells against optic nerve antigens, resulting in demyelination, death of retinal ganglion cells, and cumulative visual impairment. A model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was utilized to study the onset and progression of ON and the neuroprotective efficacy of oral treatment with the calpain inhibitor SNJ 1945. EAE was actively induced in B10.PL mice with myelin basic protein on Days 0 and 2, and mice received twice daily oral dosing of SNJ 1945 from Day 9 until sacrificing (Day 26). Visual function was determined by electroretinogram recordings and daily measurement of optokinetic responses (OKR) to a changing pattern stimulus. Optic nerve and retinal histopathology was investigated by immunohistochemical and luxol fast blue staining. EAE mice manifested losses in OKR thresholds, a measurement of visual acuity, which began early in the disease course. There was a significant bias toward unilateral OKR impairment among EAE‐ON eyes. Treatment with SNJ 1945, initiated after the onset of OKR threshold decline, improved visual acuity, pattern electroretinogram amplitudes, and paralysis, with attenuation of retinal ganglion cell death. Furthermore, calpain inhibition spared oligodendrocytes, prevented degradation of axonal neurofilament protein, and attenuated reactive astrocytosis. The trend of early, unilateral visual impairment in EAE‐ON parallels the clinical presentation of ON exacerbations associated with multiple sclerosis. Calpain inhibition may represent an ideal candidate therapy for the preservation of vision in clinical ON.
image
As in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, optic neuritis (ON) and early, primarily monocular loss in spatial acuity is observed in a rodent model (EAE, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis). Daily oral treatment with the calpain inhibitor SNJ 1945 preserves visual acuity and preserves retinal ganglion cells (Brn3a, brain‐specific homeobox/POU domain protein 3A) and their axons (MOSP, myelin oligodendrocyte‐specific protein). Calpain inhibition may represent a candidate therapy for the preservation of vision in ON.
Uncertainty and the Voluntary Provision of a Pure Public Good in a Two‐Moment Decision Model
Authors: CAPLAN ARTHUR J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we explore the potential benefits of uncertainty that may arise in a two‐moment model of the voluntary provision of a pure public good. We find that an increase in a given contributor i’s risk associated with the aggregate contribution level of the other contributors (i.e., an increase in social uncertainty) induces that contributor to increase his own contribution level if and only if the uncertainty's incremental effect on the expected value of his net marginal utility is negative. Contributor i’s welfare likewise increases when a closely related condition is met, namely that the uncertainty's marginal effect on his expected marginal utility value of the public good exceeds its countervailing effect on the numeraire. Further, the corresponding aggregate contribution to the public good increases in the presence of free‐riding if and only if the incremental effect of contributor i’s contribution on the aggregate expected value of all other contributors’ net marginal utilities is small‐enough positive. We derive similar conditions for the case of private uncertainty, where the increase in contributor i’s risk is associated with his own marginal valuation of the public good. A simple example illustrates these conceptual results. Numerical analysis demonstrates that an increase in private uncertainty can have a nonmonotonic impact on contributor i’s welfare.
Information Provision in Procurement Auctions
Authors: COLEFF JOAQUÍN , GARCIA DANIEL 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe study the optimal provision of information in a procurement auction with horizontally differentiated goods. The buyer has private information about her preferred location on the product space and has access to a costless communication device. A seller who pays the entry cost may submit a bid comprising a location and a minimum price. We characterize the optimal information structure and show that the buyer prefers to attract only two bids. Further, additional sellers are inefficient since they reduce total and consumer surplus, gross of entry costs. We show that the buyer will not find it optimal to send public information to all sellers. On the other hand, she may profit from setting a minimum price and that a severe hold‐up problem arises if she lacks commitment to set up the rules of the auction ex ante.
Local wound healing biomarkers for real‐time assessment of periodontal regeneration: pilot study
Authors: Pellegrini G. , Rasperini G. , Pagni G. , Giannobile W. V. , Milani S. , Musto F. , Dellavia C. 
Published: August 2016

Background and ObjectivesWithin the same surgical procedure, a great variability on achievement of clinical outcomes exists and may be associated to different molecular factors related to tissue healing. The aim of the present study was to assess the distribution of clinical success separately in regenerative therapy (REG) and open flap debridement (OFD) to evaluate if factors related with healing of epithelium, connective tissue and bone may be associated to the clinical outcome within each surgical procedure.Material and MethodsSixteen patients underwent periodontal REG and nine patients underwent OFD. Periodontal wound fluid was collected at baseline, 3–5, 7, 14 and 21 d after surgery, and expression of wound healing proteins was assessed. Pocket depth and clinical attachment level were taken at baseline and at 6 mo of follow‐up. Percentage pocket depth reduction and percentage clinical attachment level gain were computed. Patients were regarded as better or worse responders depending on their percentage pocket depth reduction or percentage clinical attachment level gain.ResultsHigher percentage of better responders was observed in the REG group (68.7%) compared to the OFD group (22.2%). At 21 d, no difference in the profile of most of the proteins emerged, with two exceptions, both regarding REG treatment. Bone morphogenetic protein‐7 tended to increase in better responders and to decrease in worse responders. Matrix metalloproteinase‐1 increased in worse responders and remained substantially unchanged in better responders.ConclusionLocal expression of matrix metalloproteinase‐1 and bone morphogenetic protein‐7 during wound healing is associated with the clinical performance of periodontal regenerative surgery. The use of local biomarkers offers the potential for real‐time assessment of the periodontal healing process.
A matched comparison study of hepatitis C treatment outcomes in the prison and community setting, and an analysis of the impact of prison release or transfer during therapy
Authors: Aspinall E. J. , Mitchell W. , Schofield J. , Cairns A. , Lamond S. , Bramley P. , Peters S. E. , Valerio H. , Tomnay J. , Goldberg D. J. , Mills P. R. , Barclay S. T. , Fraser A. , Dillon J. F. , Martin N. K. , Hickman M. , Hutchinson S. J. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryPrisoners are a priority group for hepatitis C (HCV) treatment. Although treatment durations will become shorter using directly acting antivirals (DAAs), nearly half of prison sentences in Scotland are too short to allow completion of DAA therapy prior to release. The purpose of this study was to compare treatment outcomes between prison‐ and community‐based patients and to examine the impact of prison release or transfer during therapy. A national database was used to compare treatment outcomes between prison treatment initiates and a matched community sample. Additional data were collected to investigate the impact of release or transfer on treatment outcomes. Treatment‐naïve patients infected with genotype 1/2/3/4 and treated between 2009 and 2012 were eligible for inclusion. 291 prison initiates were matched with 1137 community initiates: SVRs were 61% (95% CI 55%–66%) and 63% (95% CI 60%–66%), respectively. Odds of achieving a SVR were not significantly associated with prisoner status (P=.33). SVRs were 74% (95% CI 65%–81%), 59% (95% CI 42%–75%) and 45% (95% CI 29%–62%) among those not released or transferred, transferred during treatment, or released during treatment, respectively. Odds of achieving a SVR were significantly associated with release (P<.01), but not transfer (P=.18). Prison‐based HCV treatment achieves similar outcomes to community‐based treatment, with those not released or transferred during treatment doing particularly well. Transfer or release during therapy should be avoided whenever possible, using anticipatory planning and medical holds where appropriate.
High impact of macroaggregated albumin‐based tumour dose on response and overall survival in hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with 90Y‐loaded glass microsphere radioembolization
Authors: Garin Etienne , Rolland Yan , Pracht Marc , Le Sourd Samuel , Laffont Sophie , Mesbah Habiba , Haumont Laure‐Anne , Lenoir Laurence , Rohou Tanguy , Brun Vanessa , Edeline Julien 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackground & AimsEfficacy of radioembolization is derived from radioinduced damage, whereas tumour dosimetry is not considered as yet in prospective clinical trials.ObjectivesThis study evaluates the impact of tumour dose (TD), based on 99mTc macroaggregated albumin (MAA) quantification, on response and overall survival (OS).Materials and MethodsWe consecutively included 85 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with 90Y‐loaded glass microspheres. TD was calculated using a quantitative analysis of the MAA SPECT/CT. Responses were assessed after 3 months using the European Association for the Study of the Liver criteria. OS was assessed using Kaplan–Meier tests.ResultsResponse rate was 80.3% on lesion‐based analysis (n=132), and 77.5% on patient‐based analysis. The response rate was only 9.1% for patients with TD <205 Gy against 89.7% for those with TD ≥205 Gy (P<10−7). Non‐portal vein thrombosis (PVT) patients exhibited a median OS of 11.75 m (95% CI: 3–30.7 m) for TD <205 Gy, and 25 m (95% CI: 15–34.7 m) for TD ≥205 Gy (P=.0391). PVT patients exhibited a 4.35 m median OS (95% CI: 2–8 m) for TD<205 Gy, and 15.7 m (95% CI: 9.5–25.5 m) for TD ≥205 Gy, (P=.0004), with HR of 6.99. PVT patients exhibited a median OS of 3.6 m (95% CI: 2–8 m) when PVT MAA targeting was poor or with TD <205 Gy (poor candidate), vs 17.5 m (95% CI: 11–26.5 m) for the others identified as good candidates (P<.0001), with HR of 12.85.ConclusionThis study confirms the highly predictive value of MAA‐based TD evaluation for response and OS. TD evaluation and PVT MAA targeting should be further evaluated in ongoing trials, whereas personalized dosimetry should be implemented in new trial designs.
Gamma‐glutamyltransferase—friend or foe within?
Authors: Kunutsor Setor K. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractGamma‐glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a liver enzyme, which is located on the plasma membranes of most cells and organ tissues, but more commonly in hepatocytes, and is routinely used in clinical practice to help indicate liver injury and as a marker of excessive alcohol consumption. Among the liver enzymes, important advances have especially been made in understanding the physiological functions of GGT. The primary role of GGT is the extracellular catabolism of glutathione, the major thiol antioxidant in mammalian cells, which plays a relevant role in protecting cells against oxidants produced during normal metabolism; GGT, therefore, plays an important role in cellular defence. Beyond its physiological functions, circulating serum GGT has been linked to a remarkable array of chronic conditions and diseases, which include nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, vascular and nonvascular diseases and mortality outcomes. This review summarizes the available epidemiological and genetic evidence for the associations between GGT and these adverse outcomes, the postulated biologic mechanisms underlying these associations, outlines areas of outstanding uncertainty and the implications for clinical practice.
MAB_3551c encodes the primary triacylglycerol synthase involved in lipid accumulation in Mycobacterium abscessus
Authors: Viljoen Albertus , Blaise Mickael , de Chastellier Chantal , Kremer Laurent 
Published: August 2016

SummarySlow growing pathogenic mycobacteria utilize host‐derived lipids and accumulate large amounts of triacylglycerol (TAG) in the form of intracytoplasmic lipid inclusions (ILI), serving as a source of carbon and energy during prolonged infection. Mycobacterium abscessus is an emerging and rapidly growing species capable to induce severe and chronic pulmonary infections. However, whether M. abscessus, like Mycobacterium tuberculosis, possesses the machinery to acquire and store host lipids, remains unaddressed. Herein, we aimed at deciphering the contribution of the seven putative M. abscessus TAG synthases (Tgs) in TAG synthesis/accumulation thanks to a combination of genetic and biochemical techniques and a well‐defined foamy macrophage (FM) model along with electron microscopy. Targeted gene deletion and functional complementation studies identified the MAB_3551c product, Tgs1, as the major Tgs involved in TAG production. Tgs1 exhibits a preference for long acyl‐CoA substrates and site‐directed mutagenesis demonstrated that His144 and Gln145 are essential for enzymatic activity. Importantly, in the lipid‐rich intracellular context of FM, M. abscessus formed large ILI in a Tgs1‐dependent manner. This supports the ability of M. abscessus to assimilate host lipids and the crucial role of Tgs1 in intramycobacterial TAG production, which may represent important mechanisms for long‐term storage of a rich energy supply.