bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co‐occurring nonnative woody shrubs have additive and non‐additive soil legacies
Authors: Kuebbing Sara E. , Patterson Courtney M. , Classen Aimée T. , Simberloff Daniel 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTo maximize limited conservation funds and prioritize management projects that are likely to succeed, accurate assessment of invasive nonnative species impacts is essential. A common challenge to prioritization is a limited knowledge of the difference between the impacts of a single nonnative species compared to the impacts of nonnative species when they co‐occur, and in particular predicting when impacts of co‐occurring nonnative species will be non‐additive. Understanding non‐additivity is important for management decisions because the management of only one co‐occurring invader will not necessarily lead to a predictable reduction in the impact or growth of the other nonnative plant. Nonnative plants are frequently associated with changes in soil biotic and abiotic characteristics, which lead to plant–soil interactions that influence the performance of other species grown in those soils. Whether co‐occurring nonnative plants alter soil properties additively or non‐additively relative to their effects on soils when they grow in monoculture is rarely addressed. We use a greenhouse plant–soil feedback experiment to test for non‐additive soil impacts of two common invasive nonnative woody shrubs, Lonicera maackii and Ligustrum sinense, in deciduous forests of the southeastern United States. We measured the performance of each nonnative shrub, a native herbaceous community, and a nonnative woody vine in soils conditioned by each shrub singly or together in polyculture. Soils conditioned by both nonnative shrubs had non‐additive impacts on native and nonnative performance. Root mass of the native herbaceous community was 1.5 times lower and the root mass of the nonnative L. sinense was 1.8 times higher in soils conditioned by both L. maackii and L. sinense than expected based upon growth in soils conditioned by either shrub singly. This result indicates that when these two nonnative shrubs co‐occur, their influence on soils disproportionally favors persistence of the nonnative L. sinense relative to this native herbaceous community, and could provide an explanation of why native species abundance is frequently depressed in these communities. Additionally, the difference between native and nonnative performance demonstrates that invasive impact studies focusing on the impact only of single species can be insufficient for determining the impact of co‐occurring invasive plant species.
Influencia del programa SWEP (Study Water Exercise Pregnant) en los resultados perinatales: protocolo de estudio
Authors: Aguilar Cordero María José , Rodríguez Blanquet Raquel , Sánchez García Juan Carlos , Sánchez López Antonio Manuel , Baena García Laura , López Contreras Gracia 
Published: May 2016

Introducción: el entrenamiento mediante ejercicio físico moderado durante el periodo de gestación aporta beneficios tanto a la mujer embarazada como al feto. Los trabajos de investigación consultados vinculan la actividad física con una reducción del número de cesáreas, de partos instrumentados y con un parto más fisiológico. Previene igualmente la ganancia excesiva de peso de la mujer, disminuye el riesgo de diabetes gestacional y de hipertensión arterial.Objetivo: el objetivo de esta investigación es conocer si un programa de ejercicio físico de carácter moderado con el método Study Water Exercise Pregnant (SWEP), realizado en un medio acuático, contribuye a obtener unos resultados más favorables en la etapa perinatal, tanto para la mujer como para el bebé.Material y métodos: el diseño que se llevará a cabo es un ensayo clínico aleatorizado. La muestra estará constituida por 364 gestantes, obtenida de un universo total de 6.579 partos acontecidos en Granada (España) durante el año 2014. Dicha muestra se ha dividido en dos grupos, uno de intervención y otro de control. La actividad se realizará en las instalaciones deportivas acuáticas de la Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte de la Universidad de Granada, que cuentan con dos vasos adecuados a nuestros objetivos, uno polivalente de 25 metros y otro de enseñanza de 12,5 metros. Resultados: el programa de ejercicios diseñado específicamente para el proyecto denominado SWEP, abarca desde la 20 hasta la 37 semana de gestación (SG) y consta de tres sesiones semanales, con una duración de 60 minutos cada una. Las sesiones incluirán tres fases: fase de calentamiento, fase principal en la que el ejercicio se divide en una parte aeróbica y otra de ejercicios de fuerza y resistencia y una final con estiramientos y relajación. Las variables que se van a estudiar son las siguientes: a) maternas: peso, IMC, tensión arterial, test de O´Sullivan, aparición de depresión postparto, nivel de autopercepción de salud, calidad del sueño y esfuerzo percibido durante la actividad física; b) fetales: peso, test de Apgar, perímetro cefálico y SG (semana de gestación al nacimiento); c) periparto: tiempos de dilatación, expulsivo y alumbramiento, tipo de parto, presencia de episiotomía, tipo de alimentación que recibe el RN y tiempo de lactancia materna exclusiva; y d) descriptivas: edad, profesión, nivel de estudios, tipo de ejercicio físico realizado previamente y FO (fórmula obstétrica).Conclusión: con la actividad física acuática moderada, por parte de la embarazada (método SWEP), se pretenden mejorar las variables arriba indicadas.
Biosorption of Ni(II) by Fig Male: Optimization and Modeling Using a Full Factorial Design
Authors: Madjene F. , Chergui A. , Trari M. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT: The fig male (FM) is successfully used as biosorbent for Ni2+ removal. The maximum removal efficiency (96.6%) is obtained at pH ~ 5 for a concentration of 1.70 mmol L−1 and catalyst dose of 5 g L−1 in less than 10 minutes. The Ni2+ uptake follows a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic, the rate constants increase with increasing temperature, and an activation energy of 55.48 kJ mol−1 is found. The thermodynamic parameters indicate a spontaneous endothermic bisorption. The isotherm data are fitted by the Langmuir and Dubinin–Radushkevich models. The former indicates a maximum Ni2+ uptake of 0.459 mmol g−1, which is higher than that of most biosorbents investigated to date. The FTIR spectra reveal the biosorption mechanism between Ni2+ and FM functional groups. An empirical modeling is performed by using a 23 full factorial design, and a regression equation for Ni2+ biosorption is determined. The biosorbent mass and pH are the most significant parameters affecting the Ni2+ biosorption.
Bariatric Surgery in Obese Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Kirwan John P. , Aminian Ali , Kashyap Sangeeta R. , Burguera Bartolome , Brethauer Stacy A. , Schauer Philip R. 
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVE
There is a paucity of data on the impact of bariatric surgery in type 1 diabetes (T1D). The aim of this review was to quantify the overall effects of bariatric surgery in obese patients with T1D.

METHODS
We searched PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar from their inception to December 2015 to identify all relevant studies of bariatric surgery in adult obese patients with T1D.

RESULTS
The review included 17 studies with 107 individuals, including 10 case series and 7 case reports. Overall, the dominant procedure was gastric bypass (n = 70; 65%). All studies reported a significant reduction in excess weight. A significant reduction in weight-adjusted daily insulin requirements was shown in all case series except one. Pooled mean ± SD of pre- and postoperative glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) for the entire cohort with available data (n = 96) was 8.4 ± 1.3% and 7.9 ± 1.1%, respectively (P = 0.01). In addition to common postoperative complications, profound glycemic changes (diabetic ketoacidosis and hypoglycemia) and gastrointestinal dysmotility symptoms (prolonged ileus and acute gastric remnant dilation) have been reported. No surgical mortality was reported.

CONCLUSIONS
Bariatric surgery leads to significant weight loss in severely obese patients with T1D and results in a significant improvement in insulin requirements and glycemic status. The favorable metabolic effects of bariatric surgery may facilitate medical management of and cardiovascular risk reduction in T1D in the setting of severe obesity. Diabetic ketoacidosis and hypoglycemia are potentially serious complications. Short-term results of bariatric surgery in patients with T1D are encouraging, but larger and longer-term studies are needed.
Glucose Variability in a 26-Week Randomized Comparison of Mealtime Treatment With Rapid-Acting Insulin Versus GLP-1 Agonist in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes at High Cardiovascular Risk
Authors:   The FLAT-SUGAR Trial Investigators
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVE
A1C is associated with diabetes complications but does not reflect glycemic variability (GV), which may worsen outcomes by inducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiac arrhythmias. We tested whether a glucagon-like peptide 1 agonist-based regimen can reduce GV and cardiometabolic risk markers while maintaining similar A1C levels in people with insulin-requiring type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
After run-in on metformin and basal-bolus insulin (BBI), 102 participants continued metformin and basal insulin and were randomized to exenatide dosing before the two largest meals (glucacon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist and insulin [GLIPULIN group]) or continuation of rapid-acting insulin analogs (BBI group). Indices of GV by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), hypoglycemia, weight, risk markers, and cardiac arrhythmias were assessed. The primary end point was change in glucose coefficients of variation (CV) by CGM from baseline to 26 weeks.

RESULTS
At randomization, the median A1C was 7.3% (57 mmol/mol) for GLIPULIN and 7.4% (56.3 mmol/mol) for BBI, and glucose CVs were 30.3 for BBI and 31.9 for GLIPULIN. At 26 weeks, A1C levels were similar (7.1% [54 mmol/mol] vs. 7.2% [55 mmol/mol]), whereas mean CV improved with GLIPULIN (−2.4 vs. 0.4, P = 0.047). Other GV indices followed similar nonsignificant patterns of improvement with GLIPULIN. There were no differences in hypoglycemic events during CGM or arrhythmias during electrocardiographic monitoring. On-trial changes in body weight (−4.8 kg vs. +0.7 kg, P &lt; 0.001), alanine aminotransferase (P = 0.0002), and serum amyloid A (P = 0.023) favored GLIPULIN.

CONCLUSIONS
GLIPULIN reduced GV, weight, and some cardiometabolic risk markers while maintaining equivalent A1C levels versus BBI and might improve clinical outcomes in a larger trial.
HDL Cholesterol as a Residual Risk Factor for Vascular Events and All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Sharif Shahnam , van der Graaf Yolanda , Nathoe Hendrik M. , de Valk Harold W. , Visseren Frank L.J. , Westerink Jan ,   on behalf of the SMART Study Group
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate whether low HDL cholesterol (HDL-c) levels are a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes and whether it remains a residual risk factor when attaining low LDL cholesterol (LDL-c) treatment goals or when LDL-c is treated with intensive lipid-lowering therapy.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We performed a prospective cohort study of 1,829 patients with type 2 diabetes included in the Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease (SMART) cohort. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the risk of HDL-c on cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. Analyses were performed in strata of LDL-c levels (&lt;2.0, 2.0–2.5, and &gt;2.5 mmol/L) and lipid-lowering therapy intensity and were adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol, LDL-c, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate, glucose, and HbA1c.

RESULTS
A total of 335 new cardiovascular events and 385 deaths occurred during a median follow-up of 7.0 years (interquartile range 3.9–10.4). No relation was found between plasma HDL-c and cardiovascular events (hazard ratio [HR] 0.97, 95% CI 0.93–1.01) or all-cause mortality (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.96–1.03). Subgroup analysis supported effect modification by plasma LDL-c levels. In patients with LDL-c levels &lt;2.0 mmol/L, higher HDL-c was related to higher risk for all-cause mortality (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.07–1.21). Higher HDL-c was also related to higher risk for cardiovascular events in patients with LDL-c levels &lt;2.0 mmol/L (HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.07–1.21) in contrast to patients with LDL-c levels between 2.0 and 2.5 mmol/L (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.75–0.95) and &gt;2.5 mmol/L (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.91–1.00).

CONCLUSIONS
In high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes with LDL-c levels &lt;2.0 mmol/L, higher HDL-c at baseline is unexpectedly related to a higher risk for cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in contrast to high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes with LDL-c levels between 2.0 and 2.5 mmol/L.
STARSPOTS ON WASP-85
Authors: Močnik T. , Clark B. J. M. , Anderson D. R. , Hellier C. , Brown D. J. A. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
By analyzing K2 short-cadence observations, we detect starspots on WASP-85A, the host star of the hot Jupiter WASP-85Ab. The detection of recurring starspot occultation events indicates that the planet’s orbit is aligned with the star’s rotational axis (

λ
<
14
°

) and suggests a stellar rotational period of 15.1 ± 0.6 days. The K2 light curve reveals a rotational modulation with a period of 13.6 ± 1.6 days, which is consistent with the period determined from starspots. There are no significant transit-timing variations, and thus no evidence of any additional planet in the system. Given the pronounced rotational modulation, we are only able to place an upper limit of 100 parts per million for any phase-curve modulations and the secondary eclipse.
A PARALLAX-BASED DISTANCE ESTIMATOR FOR SPIRAL ARM SOURCES
Authors: Reid M. J. , Dame T. M. , Menten K. M. , Brunthaler A. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
The spiral arms of the Milky Way are being accurately located for the first time via trigonometric parallaxes of massive star-forming regions with the Bar and Spiral Structure Legacy Survey, using the Very Long Baseline Array and the European VLBI Network, and with the Japanese VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry project. Here we describe a computer program that leverages these results to significantly improve the accuracy and reliability of distance estimates to other sources that are known to follow spiral structure. Using a Bayesian approach, sources are assigned to arms based on their (l, b, v) coordinates with respect to arm signatures seen in CO and H i surveys. A source's kinematic distance, displacement from the plane, and proximity to individual parallax sources are also considered in generating a full distance probability density function. Using this program to estimate distances to large numbers of star-forming regions, we generate a realistic visualization of the Milky Way's spiral structure as seen from the northern hemisphere.
GLOBAL MHD SIMULATIONS OF ACCRETION DISKS IN CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES. I. THE IMPORTANCE OF SPIRAL SHOCKS
Authors: Ju Wenhua , Stone James M. , Zhu Zhaohuan 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
We present results from the first global 3D MHD simulations of accretion disks in cataclysmic variable (CV) systems in order to investigate the relative importance of angular momentum transport via turbulence driven by the magnetorotational instability (MRI) compared with that driven by spiral shock waves. Remarkably, we find that even with vigorous MRI turbulence, spiral shocks are an important component of the overall angular momentum budget, at least when temperatures in the disk are high (so that Mach numbers are low). In order to understand the excitation, propagation, and damping of spiral density waves in our simulations more carefully, we perform a series of 2D global hydrodynamical simulations with various equation of states, both with and without mass inflow via the Lagrangian point (L1). Compared with previous similar studies, we find the following new results. (1) The linear wave dispersion relation fits the pitch angles of spiral density waves very well. (2) We demonstrate explicitly that mass accretion is driven by the deposition of negative angular momentum carried by the waves when they dissipate in shocks. (3) Using Reynolds stress scaled by gas pressure to represent the effective angular momentum transport rate

is not accurate when mass accretion is driven by non-axisymmetric shocks. (4) Using the mass accretion rate measured in our simulations to directly measure α defined in standard thin-disk theory, we find

for CV disks, consistent with observed values in quiescent states of dwarf novae. In this regime, the disk may be too cool and neutral for the MRI to operate and spiral shocks are a possible accretion mechanism. However, we caution that our simulations use unrealistically low Mach numbers in this regime and, therefore, future models with more realistic thermodynamics and non-ideal MHD are warranted.
THE INSTABILITY AND NON-EXISTENCE OF MULTI-STRANDED LOOPS WHEN DRIVEN BY TRANSVERSE WAVES
Authors: Magyar N. , Van Doorsselaere T. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
In recent years, omni-present transverse waves have been observed in all layers of the solar atmosphere. Coronal loops are often modeled as a collection of individual strands in order to explain their thermal behavior and appearance. We perform three-dimensional (3D) ideal magnetohydrodynamics simulations to study the effect of a continuous small amplitude transverse footpoint driving on the internal structure of a coronal loop composed of strands. The output is also converted into synthetic images, corresponding to the AIA 171 and 193 Å passbands, using FoMo. We show that the multi-stranded loop ceases to exist in the traditional sense of the word, because the plasma is efficiently mixed perpendicularly to the magnetic field, with the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability acting as the main mechanism. The final product of our simulation is a mixed loop with density structures on a large range of scales, resembling a power-law. Thus, multi-stranded loops are unstable to driving by transverse waves, and this raises strong doubts on the usability and applicability of coronal loop models consisting of independent strands.
THE RADIAL DISTRIBUTION OF H2 AND CO IN TW HYA AS REVEALED BY RESOLVED ALMA OBSERVATIONS OF CO ISOTOPOLOGUES
Authors: Schwarz Kamber R. , Bergin Edwin A. , Cleeves L. Ilsedore , Blake Geoffrey A. , Zhang Ke , Öberg Karin I. , van Dishoeck Ewine F. , Qi Chunhua 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
CO is widely used as a tracer of molecular gas. However, there is now mounting evidence that gas phase carbon is depleted in the disk around TW Hya. Previous efforts to quantify this depletion have been hampered by uncertainties regarding the radial thermal structure in the disk. Here we present resolved ALMA observations of 13CO 3-2, C18O 3-2, 13CO 6-5, and C18O 6-5 emission in TW Hya, which allow us to derive radial gas temperature and gas surface density profiles, as well as map the CO abundance as a function of radius. These observations provide a measurement of the surface CO snowline at ∼30 AU and show evidence for an outer ring of CO emission centered at 53 AU, a feature previously seen only in less abundant species. Further, the derived CO gas temperature profile constrains the freeze out temperature of CO in the warm molecular layer to

<
21

K. Combined with the previous detection of HD 1-0, these data constrain the surface density of the warm H2 gas in the inner ∼30 AU such that

Σ

warm

gas

=

4.7

−
2.9

+
3.0

g

cm

−
2

(

R

/

10

au

)

−
1

/

2

. We find that CO is depleted by two orders of magnitude from

R
=
10
–
60

AU

, with the small amount of CO returning to the gas phase inside the surface CO snowline insufficient to explain the overall depletion. Finally, this new data is used in conjunction with previous modeling of the TW Hya disk to constrain the midplane CO snowline to 17–23 AU.
Entre salubrité, conservation et goût : définir le « bon vin » en France (1560-1820)
Authors: Musset Benoît 
Published: May 2016

Cet article montre les changements dans la définition de la qualité des vins en France, du xvi	e	siècle au début du xix	e	siècle, considérant le goût comme une construction sociale influencée par différents facteurs (culturels, sociaux, économiques).	Au xvi	e	siècle, la définition du bon vin repose largement sur des critères médicaux hérités de l’Antiquité, fondés sur la théorie des humeurs. Le vin est un facteur de bonne santé, en fonction de ses caractéristiques : couleur, âge, consistance, goût, origine... Chaque individu ayant des besoins différents, cette trame qualitative ne génère pas de hiérarchie très nette entre les vins.	À partir du milieu du xvii	e	siècle, le critère du goût est mis en valeur, détaché des éléments médicaux. Le bon vin doit avoir un goût fin, une couleur délicate, des arômes secondaires (fleurs, fruits), que l’homme distingué doit connaître et apprécier. Certains vins sont réputés posséder ces qualités, et leur consommation devient socialement obligatoire : Champagne, Bourgogne, puis Bordeaux.	Une hiérarchie stricte fondée sur le goût apparaît au xviii	e	siècle entre les vignobles, et aussi entre les crus. Cette hiérarchie donne naissance à un classement fermé, dont les classes correspondent aux catégories sociales. La qualité devient donc mesurable, transparente. En 1816, André Jullien dresse un classement des vins de France, à partir d’une démarche presque mécanique fondée sur un goût considéré comme objectif et absolu.
Historiographie politique : les historiens italiens et la France ( xix e - xx e siècles)
Authors: Attal Frédéric , Leymarie Michel 
Published: May 2016

Les différences d’approche entre l’historiographie française et l’historiographie italienne, en raison d’une conception parfois dissemblable de l’histoire politique, ne sauraient cacher des centres d’intérêt communs – notamment les acteurs et les cultures politiques – voire des jeux de miroir qui concernent aussi bien la question centrale du fascisme et de l’extrême droite que celle des deux Républiques sœurs nées de façon contemporaine en 1946. Les articles qui suivent témoignent de ces divergences et convergences et contribuent à enrichir encore l’histoire politique elle-même.
Advancing Health Equity Through Student Empowerment and Professional Success: A Statewide Approach
Authors: Noone Joanne , Wros Peggy , Cortez David , Najjar Rana , Magdaleno Leela 
Published: May 2016

Background:
A lack of diversity in the nursing workforce nationally has been identified by Oregon state leaders as a factor contributing to health inequity.

Method:
The goal of Advancing Health Equity Through Student Empowerment and Professional Success (HealthE STEPS) is to graduate nursing students from disadvantaged backgrounds to improve health equity within their communities. A comprehensive plan of evidence-based strategies was developed based on social determinants of health and addresses academic socialization, learning support, financial resources, networking, curriculum development, and campus culture.

Results:
Ninety undergraduate nursing students participated in the program during a 2-year period. Retention of participants was 97% with graduation rates of 94%. First-time licensure pass rates were 82% and 96% of participating graduates employed in a medically underserved community.

Conclusion:

This comprehensive innovative program of evidence-based strategies addresses health equity by developing a diverse nursing workforce to practice in medically underserved communities. [
J Nurs Educ.
2016;55(6):316–322.]