bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Descemet’s Membrane Supports Corneal Endothelial Cell Regeneration in Rabbits
Authors: Chen Jingyao , Li Zhiyuan , Zhang Liying , Ou Shangkun , Wang Yanzi , He Xin , Zou Dulei , Jia Changkai , Hu Qianqian , Yang Shu , Li Xian , Li Juan , Wang Junqi , Sun Huimin , Chen Yongxiong , Zhu Ying-Ting , Tseng Scheffer C. G. , Liu Zuguo , Li Wei 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDescemet’s membrane (DM) helps maintain phenotype and function of corneal endothelial cells under physiological conditions, while little is known about the function of DM in corneal endothelial wound healing process. In the current study, we performed in vivo rabbit corneal endothelial cell (CEC) injury via CEC scraping, in which DM remained intact after CECs removal, or via DM stripping, in which DM was removed together with CECs. We found rabbit corneas in the CEC scraping group healed with transparency restoration, while there was posterior fibrosis tissue formation in the corneas after DM stripping on day 14. Following CEC scraping on day 3, cells that had migrated toward the central cornea underwent a transient fibrotic endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) which was reversed back to an endothelial phenotype on day 14. However, in the corneas injured via DM stripping, most of the cells in the posterior fibrosis tissue did not originate from the corneal endothelium, and they maintained fibroblastic phenotype on day 14. We concluded that corneal endothelial wound healing in rabbits has different outcomes depending upon the presence or absence of Descemet’s membrane. Descemet’s membrane supports corneal endothelial cell regeneration in rabbits after endothelial injury.
FGF2 cooperates with IL-17 to promote autoimmune inflammation
Authors: Shao Xinrui , Chen Siyuan , Yang Daping , Cao Mengtao , Yao Yikun , Wu Zhengxi , Li Ningli , Shen Nan , Li Xiaoxia , Song Xinyang , Qian Youcun 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIL-17 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine implicated a variety of autoimmune diseases. We have recently reported that FGF2 cooperates with IL-17 to protect intestinal epithelium during dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. Here, we report a pathogenic role of the FGF2-IL-17 cooperation in the pathogenesis of autoimmune arthritis. Combined treatment with FGF2 and IL-17 synergistically induced ERK activation as well as the production of cytokines and chemokines in human synovial intimal resident fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). Furthermore, ectopic expression of FGF2 in mouse joints potentiated IL-17-induced inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production in the tissue. In the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model, while ectopic expression of FGF2 in vivo exacerbated tissue inflammation and disease symptom in the wild-type controls, the effect was largely blunted in Il17a−/− mice. Taken together, our study suggests that FGF2 cooperates with IL-17 to promote the pathogenesis of autoimmune arthritis by cooperating with IL-17 to induce inflammatory response.
Hardening of shear band in metallic glass
Authors: Wang J. G. , Hu Y. C. , Guan P. F. , Song K. K. , Wang L. , Wang G. , Pan Y. , Sarac B. , Eckert J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractStrain hardening, originating from defects such as the dislocation, avails conventional metals of high engineering reliability in applications. However, the hardenability of metallic glass is a long-standing concern due to the lack of similar defects. In this work, we carefully examine the stress-strain relationship in three bulk monolithic metallic glasses. The results show that hardening is surely available in metallic glasses if the effective load-bearing area is considered instantly. The hardening is proposed to result from the remelting and ensuing solidification of the shear-band material under a hydrostatic pressure imposed by the normal stress during the shear banding event. This applied-pressure quenching densifies the metallic glass by discharging the free volume. On the other hand, as validated by molecular dynamics simulations, the pressure promotes the icosahedral short-range order. The densification and icosahedral clusters both contribute to the increase of the shear strength and therefore the hardening in metallic glasses.
MiR-202-5p is a novel germ plasm-specific microRNA in zebrafish
Authors: Zhang Jing , Liu Wei , Jin Yilin , Jia Peng , Jia Kuntong , Yi Meisheng 
Published: July 2017

AbstractGametogenesis is a complicated biological process by which sperm and egg are produced for genetic transmission between generations. In many animals, the germline is segregated from the somatic lineage in early embryonic development through the specification of primordial germ cells (PGCs), the precursors of gametes for reproduction and fertility. In some species, such as fruit fly and zebrafish, PGCs are determined by the maternally provided germ plasm which contains various RNAs and proteins. Here, we identified a germ plasm/PGC-specific microRNA miR-202-5p for the first time in zebrafish. MiR-202-5p was specifically expressed in gonad. In female, it was expressed and accumulated in oocytes during oogenesis. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR and whole mount in situ hybridization results indicated that miR-202-5p exhibited a typical germ plasm /PGC-specific expression pattern throughout embryogenesis, which was consistent with that of the PGC marker vasa, indicating that miR-202-5p was a component of germ plasm and a potential PGC marker in zebrafish. Our present study might be served as a foundation for further investigating the regulative roles of miRNAs in germ plasm formation and PGC development in zebrafish and other teleost.
The Oxygen Reduction Reaction Rate of Metallic Nanoparticles during Catalyzed Oxidation
Authors: Sun Ke , Xue Jinbo , Tai Kaiping , Dillon Shen J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis work reports the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics of metal nanoparticle catalysts between 500 and 600 °C at low oxygen partial pressures. Ex situ and in situ TEM measurements demonstrate catalyzed nanowire growth initially follows linear kinetics; characteristic of being ORR rate limited. The ORR rates of Ag, Au, Cu, Ni, Pd, Rh and Pt measured at 600 °C form a volcano plot versus relative oxidation potential. Cu nanoparticles produce the maximum ORR rate under these conditions.
Effects of placental cord drainage in the third stage of labour: A meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Hang-lin , Chen Xiao-wen , Wang Pei , Wang Qiu-meng 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObservational studies have demonstrated that placental cord drainage can shorten the length of the third stage of labour and reduce blood loss during vaginal deliveries. The aim of our work was to evaluate the existing evidence for the effectiveness of placental cord drainage in the third stage of labour. PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Google Scholar and 50 journals were searched up to the 4th of June, 2017. Randomized controlled trials comparing placental cord drainage with no cord drainage in the third stage of labour during vaginal delivery were included. Nine studies with 2653 participants were included. Compared with clamping the umbilical cord, umbilical cord drainage during the third stage of labour shortened the third-stage duration by 2.28 minutes (95% confidence interval (CI), −3.22 to −1.33), but did not reduce the amount of blood loss (−31.99 mL, −86.08 to 22.09). For women with normal vaginal deliveries, the incidence of postpartum haemorrhage was reduced by 3%. Placental cord drainage is a simple and non-invasive procedure that should be considered after delayed cord clamping. Further studies about the physiological processes and effects of placental cord drainage in additional circumstances are needed.
The Reverse Transcriptases Associated with CRISPR-Cas Systems
Authors: Toro Nicolás , Martínez-Abarca Francisco , González-Delgado Alejandro 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) and associated proteins (Cas) act as adaptive immune systems in bacteria and archaea. Some CRISPR-Cas systems have been found to be associated with putative reverse transcriptases (RT), and an RT-Cas1 fusion associated with a type III-B system has been shown to acquire RNA spacers in vivo. Nevertheless, the origin and evolutionary relationships of these RTs and associated CRISPR-Cas systems remain largely unknown. We performed a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of these RTs and associated Cas1 proteins, and classified their CRISPR-Cas modules. These systems were found predominantly in bacteria, and their presence in archaea may be due to a horizontal gene transfer event. These RTs cluster into 12 major clades essentially restricted to particular phyla, suggesting host-dependent functioning. The RTs and associated Cas1 proteins may have largely coevolved. They are, therefore, subject to the same selection pressures, which may have led to coadaptation within particular protein complexes. Furthermore, our results indicate that the association of an RT with a CRISPR-Cas system has occurred on multiple occasions during evolution.
Comparison of spatial interpolation methods to determine exposure ratio to electric fields in urban environments
Authors: Santana T.A.A. , de Andrade H.D. , Queiroz Júnior I.S. , Tavares da Silva I.B. 
Published: July 2017

The frequent advancement of telecommunications related technologies means that more regulatory organisations raise their concern about the possible effects that EM radiation can cause on people. Therefore, several parameters are established with the objective of evaluating if a region is within tolerance limits of radiation. Thus, it is necessary to know these evaluation parameters and how these fields are distributed throughout a region. The aim is to evaluate which method of interpolation, among the studied techniques, has the best performance to estimate accurately the intensity values of electric fields by analysing the parameters mean absolute error and RMS error. The exposure ratio was also verified aiming to check if it was within the limits established by international standards, in the range from 10 MHz to 8 GHz in the central region of the city of Mossoró, Brazil.
Simplified methods for the analysis of self‐excited induction generators
Authors: Arthishri Krishnan , Anusha Kumaresan , Kumaresan Natarajan , Senthil Kumar Subramaniam 
Published: July 2017

In this study, two simple methods for the steady‐state analysis of self‐excited induction generators (SEIGs) are proposed. These methods neither require lengthy mathematical derivations nor any advanced optimisation techniques to solve the equivalent circuit of SEIGs. First method involves a simple linear search algorithm and the second method employs a binary search algorithm to find the operating frequency at any given rotor speed, leading to the performance predetermination of SEIGs. To start the search techniques, a systematic approach has been formulated for fixing the boundary values required for the unknown pu frequency. The efficacy of the proposed methods has been demonstrated by presenting the predetermined performance characteristics of a three‐phase, 230 V, four‐pole, 50 Hz SEIG. The same SEIG was also tested in the laboratory using a DC motor as the prime mover. The closeness observed between the predetermined values and the experimental results further confirms the validity of the search algorithms. It has also been shown that the proposed methods can be extended with the same simplicity, for carrying out the performance predetermination of the short‐shunt configuration of SEIGs, used for obtaining improved voltage regulation with lagging power factor loads.
Generating usable electric power while sensing glucose
Authors: Kulkarni Tanmany , Slaughter Gymama 
Published: July 2017

Herein a system capable of simultaneously sensing glucose and harnessing sufficient energy to power a digital device is presented. This system is powered by an enzymatic glucose biofuel cell consisting of pyroloquinoline quinone glucose dehydrogenase‐modified bioanode and bilirubin oxidase‐modified biocathode. The electrical parameters from a single biofuel cell were amplified to 1.4 V using a charge pump circuit consisting of a capacitive element that senses glucose. Furthermore, a steady output DC supply of 3.2 V was obtained by interfacing a step‐up DC convertor circuit to the charge pump circuit. Such a system simultaneously senses glucose and harnesses energy in the presence of various glucose concentrations. The self‐powered glucose biosensor exhibited an improved sensitivity of 86.42 Hz/cm2 mM with a linear range extending to 20 mM when operating a digital device simultaneously. This is a 3.7‐fold increase in sensor sensitivity when compared with previous self‐powered glucose biosensors. This novel self‐powered glucose biosensing system shows a promising future for powering implantable devices and assessing patient health.
Recent Advances in Reactions of Heteroatom-Centered Radicals
Authors: Taniguchi Tsuyoshi 
Published: July 2017

Heteroatom-centered radicals show versatile reactivity and offer useful synthetic methods in organic chemistry. The development of new approaches for forming heteroatom-centered radicals has recently expanded the practicality of radical chemistry for synthesis. This review focuses on recent advances in reactions of representative heteroatom-centered radicals.1	Introduction2	Group 17 Elements: Chlorine and Bromine Radicals3	Group 15 and Group 16 Elements3.1	Nitrogen- and Oxygen-Centered Radicals3.2	Phosphorus- and Sulfur-Centered Radicals3.3	Other Radicals4	Group 14 Elements: Silicon-Centered Radicals5	Group 13 Elements: Boron-Centered Radicals6	Conclusion
Pediatric Sepsis: Genetic Considerations
Authors: Elek N. , Sandor S. , Balazs G. , Dahlem P. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe mortality of childhood sepsis continues to be rather high. When it comes to prevention and adequate therapy, individual differences and genetic alterations are becoming more and more important. These may affect molecules involved in pathogen recognition (e.g., lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, mannose-binding lectin, bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein, Toll-like receptors), signal transduction pathways (e.g., cRel), proinflammatory (e.g., tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1 [IL-1], IL-6, IL-8) as well as anti-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-4, IL-10, IL-1 receptor antagonist), members of the coagulation cascade, and other molecules active in the process of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (e.g., heat shock proteins, complement system). The most common genetic polymorphisms are the so-called single-nucleotide polymorphisms, which entail the change of a single base. Genetic mutations have an impact on susceptibility, severity, and outcome of sepsis. Understanding such mutations may improve treatment efficiency; although there is a considerably limited choice of causal treatments today, they may become available upon future developments in genetic therapy.
Follow-up of Newborns, Infants, and Children with Sepsis
Authors: Dahlem P. , Biggar P. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMortality in newborn infants and children with sepsis is high with survival rates of generally more than 50% in recent studies. Longitudinal follow-up studies have the potential to reveal short-term and lifelong physical, mental, and psychological sequelae. Although no comprehensive follow-up research has yet been performed, a small number of follow-up studies have shown that there is a considerable impact on the patients' lives and their families after hospital discharge. Health-related quality of life also seems to be affected; however, it does not correlate with severity of sepsis or handicap per se. Prematurely born infants, who can develop sequelae directly attributable to prematurity and its consequences, suffer differently from sepsis-related lifelong sequelae compared with older children. Fortunately, time may heal some wounds due to the effect of growth in children. In future, large centers should establish structural follow-up programs for clinical and research purposes to learn more about the needs of affected children and their families.
Prenatal Maternal Hyperoxygenation Testing and Implications for Critical Care Delivery Planning among Fetuses with Congenital Heart Disease: Early Experience
Authors: Donofrio Mary , Schidlow David 
Published: July 2017

Background Maternal hyperoxygenation (MH) during fetal ultrasound can characterize fetal pulmonary vasoreactivity (PVr) and its associations with postnatal physiology.
Objective We explored MH testing to facilitate perinatal risk stratification for fetuses with congenital heart disease (CHD).
Methods MH was performed in 12 fetuses: 2 with Ebstein anomaly, 2 with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC), 4 with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) with (a) restrictive atrial septum (RAS) or (b) intact atrial septum (IAS) with decompressing vertical vein (VV), and 4 with D-loop transposition of the great arteries (TGA). PVr and physiologic and anatomic changes with MH and outcomes were recorded.
Results Among Ebstein fetuses, pulmonary blood flow with MH mirrored postnatal findings. Among TAPVC fetuses, MH VV gradients correlated with postnatal gradients. One HLHS/IAS/VV fetus had no PVr and decreased pulmonary vein forward to reverse velocity time integral ratio with MH. Shortly after delivery, the infant experienced severe low cardiac output and required urgent atrial septoplasty. The remaining HLHS fetuses had PVr and underwent routine Stage 1 Norwood. Among TGA fetuses, septum primum position, foramen ovale flow, and the presence or absence of PVr with MH reflected postnatal findings.
Conclusion MH may help identify fetuses with CHD at risk for perinatal compromise. Additional study may yield insights into fetal PVr and elucidate predictors of perinatal outcomes.
Practice Guidelines in Neurorehabilitation
Authors: Platz Thomas 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPractice guidelines are scientifically based practice recommendations. They can be consensus-based and provided by a single medical society (S1 guideline) or developed by a group of national medical societies with a structured consensus process (S2k guideline). S2k guidelines are a good opportunity to develop valid practice guidelines with a broad supporting base when health topics are either complex or when clinical evidence is limited. Evidence-based guidelines rest on a systematic search and critical appraisal of the available evidence and represent the highest quality level for guidelines; they can be developed by single medical societies (S2e guideline) or jointly by several national medical societies (S3 guideline). They reflect the state of the art and generate a high degree of confidence that their recommendations support optimal treatment. The German neurorehabilitation society (DGNR) provides evidence-based guidelines for motor rehabilitation after stroke (arm, mobility, spasticity).
Erwerbsstatus nach einer Bandscheibenoperation: Was bewirkt eine Anschlussrehabilitation?
Authors: Dannenmaier Julia , Ritter Sabrina , Jankowiak Silke , Kaluscha Rainer , Krischak Gert 
Published: July 2017

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Ziel der Studie ist der Vergleich der Behandlungsergebnisse von Bandscheibenoperierten, die eine Anschlussrehabilitation (AR) direkt im Anschluss an den Akutaufenthalt bzw. nach einer häuslichen Übergangszeit in Anspruch nahmen, mit Patienten, die keine AR durchführten.
Methode Die Grundlage der Analysen bildeten Routinedaten der AOK Baden-Württemberg sowie der Deutschen Rentenversicherungen Bund und Baden-Württemberg aus den Jahren 2004 bis 2011. Dabei werden die Behandlungsergebnisse nach einer Bandscheibenoperation anhand der quartalsweisen Arbeitsunfähigkeitsdauer (AU-Dauer) und dem Erwerbsstatus sowie Frühberentungen im Folgejahr des Eingriffs operationalisiert. Weiterhin wird die Inanspruchnahme von Leistungen zur Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben im Folgejahr der OP zwischen den Behandlungspfaden verglichen. Für die Vergleiche werden verallgemeinerte lineare Modelle (GLM) verwendet.
Ergebnisse Rehabilitanden waren im ersten Quartal nach der Operation länger arbeitsunfähig (inklusive Dauer der AR) als Nicht-Rehabilitanden, die AU-Dauer nahm jedoch in den Folgequartalen stärker ab. Rehabilitanden waren in den Folgequartalen der OP signifikant seltener arbeitslos. Des Weiteren wurden Leistungen zur Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben (LTA) häufiger von Rehabilitanden in Anspruch genommen. Direktverlegte Rehabilitanden wiesen ein höheres Frühberentungsrisiko auf.
Schlussfolgerung Rehabilitanden wiesen im Folgejahr der Bandscheibenoperation tendenziell bessere Behandlungsergebnisse auf.
On the question of fractal packing structure in metallic glasses
Authors: Ding Jun , Asta Mark , Ritchie Robert O. 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Our work clearly demonstrates a lack of fractal structure in metallic glasses, considering the packing of all atoms or solute-centered clusters. This finding clarifies the long-standing debate over the packing structure of metallic glasses from the perspective of fractal models; it is thus of significance for the community of researchers working with amorphous solids. Moreover, our percolation analysis of metallic glasses, revealing their cluster structure and percolation threshold, provides an important and powerful theoretical framework to describe the properties of amorphous alloys, such as the glass transition and mechanical deformation.
Right-wing populism in Europe & USA
Authors: Wodak Ruth , Krzyżanowski Michał 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn recent years and months, new information about the rise of right-wing populist parties (RWPs) in Europe and the USA has dominated the news and caused an election scare among mainstream institutions and politicians. The unpredictable successes of populists (e.g. Donald Trump in the USA in 2016) have by now transformed anxieties into legitimate apprehension and fear. This Special Issue addresses the recent sudden upsurge of right-wing populism. It responds to many recent challenges and a variety of 'discursive shifts' and wider dynamics of media and public discourses that have taken place as a result of the upswing of right-wing populism (RWP) across Europe and beyond. We examine not only the nature or the state-of-the-art of contemporary RWP but also point to its ontology within and beyond the field of politics and argue that the rise and success of RWP is certainly not a recent or a momentary phenomenon.
Discourse markers as guides to understanding spontaneous humor and irony
Authors: Shilikhina Ksenia 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The paper addresses the issue of categorizing and interpreting utterances as either serious or non-serious in spontaneous discourse. The research is based on real-life dialogues and samples of computer-mediated interactions in which discourse participants need to discuss the mode of communication due to unexpected insincerity, use of jokes, humorous or ironic remarks in otherwise earnest and sincere interactions. In this context, the aim of the paper is twofold: firstly, it shows how the mode of communication can be negotiated with the help of discourse markers and, secondly, it demonstrates multiple functions of these markers in dialogue. By explicating the speaker’s intention, these phrases guide the process of understanding and indicate how the meaning of the utterance can be integrated in discourse. Discourse markers can also function as signals of social meaning, for example, as signals of implicit conflict or competition.