bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novos olhares e desafios da complexidade na epistemologia projetual
Authors: Rocha Bruno Massara 
Published: July 2016

No campo da arquitetura, contextos de complexidade vêm impondo limites severos às abordagens projetuais deterministas, centralizadoras e hierárquicas, demandando dos arquitetos uma revisão profunda nos seus métodos de pensamento e ação, além de habilidades cognitivas e operativas diferenciadas, que potencializem a emergência criativa, a adaptação constante, a integração com outras inteligências coletivas e um vínculo direto com a ação transformadora. Neste artigo, serão discutidas as principais características da complexidade no contexto projetual e apresentados os redirecionamentos epistemológicos que elas engendram para a prática criativa contemporânea. Considera-se que os principais desafios trazidos pela complexidade são a demanda pela adaptação, pela programação e pelo híbrido. O objetivo do artigo é trazer à tona novos direcionamentos conceituais para a prática criativa contemporânea, notadamente nas áreas de arquitetura, arte, design e computação.
S100A6 Regulates Endothelial Cell Cycle Progression by Attenuating Antiproliferative Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription 1 Signaling
Authors: Lerchenmüller Carolin , Heißenberg Julian , Damilano Federico , Bezzeridis Vassilios J. , Krämer Isabel , Bochaton-Piallat Marie-Luce , Hirschberg Kristóf , Busch Martin , Katus Hugo A. , Peppel Karsten , Rosenzweig Anthony , Busch Hauke , Boerries Melanie , Most Patrick 
Published: July 2016

Objective—
S100A6, a member of the S100 protein family, has been described as relevant for cell cycle entry and progression in endothelial cells. The molecular mechanism conferring S100A6’s proliferative actions, however, remained elusive.

Approach and Results—
Originating from the clinically relevant observation of enhanced S100A6 protein expression in proliferating endothelial cells in remodeling coronary and carotid arteries, our study unveiled S100A6 as a suppressor of antiproliferative signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 signaling. Discovery of the molecular liaison was enabled by combining gene expression time series analysis with bioinformatic pathway modeling in S100A6-silenced human endothelial cells stimulated with vascular endothelial growth factor A. This unbiased approach led to successful identification and experimental validation of interferon-inducible transmembrane protein 1 and protein inhibitors of activated signal transducers and activators of transcription as key components of the link between S100A6 and signal transducers and activators of transcription 1.

Conclusions—
Given the important role of coordinated endothelial cell cycle activity for integrity and reconstitution of the inner lining of arterial blood vessels in health and disease, signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 suppression by S100A6 may represent a promising therapeutic target to facilitate reendothelialization in damaged vessels.
Osteoclastogenic Differentiation of Macrophages in the Development of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Takei Yuichiro , Tanaka Teruyoshi , Kent K. Craig , Yamanouchi Dai 
Published: July 2016

Objective—
Arterial calcification is common and contributes to the pathogenesis of occlusive vascular disease. Similar to the dynamics of bone, it is a tightly controlled process that maintains a balance between osteogenesis and osteolysis. However, whether calcium homeostasis plays a role in the development of aneurysms has not been explored. We hypothesized that macrophages differentiate into osteoclasts in aneurysmal arteries and that protease byproducts contribute to aneurysm pathophysiology.

Approach and Results—
We performed histological and immunohistochemical analyses and showed that macrophages positive for several osteoclast markers, including tartrate acid phosphatase, occur in great numbers in the human aneurysmal aorta, but very few occur in the human stenotic aorta and none in the nondiseased human aorta. Moreover, in situ zymography showed elevated protease activity in these cells compared with undifferentiated macrophages. Tumor necrosis factor-α and calcium phosphate stimulated this osteoclastogenic differentiation process through nuclear factor-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and intracellular calcium signaling but not the receptor activator of the nuclear factor-κB ligand. Inhibition of osteoclastogenic differentiation by bisphosphonate inhibits aneurysm development in a mouse model.

Conclusions—
These results suggest that differentiation of macrophages into osteoclasts contributes to the pathophysiology of aneurysmal disease.
Diabetes Mellitus Impairs Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged Rats and Neurological Recovery in Middle-Aged Rats After Stroke
Authors: Zhang Li , Chopp Michael , Zhang Yanlu , Xiong Ye , Li Chao , Sadry Neema , Rhaleb Imane , Lu Mei , Zhang Zheng Gang 
Published: July 2016

Background and Purpose—
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disease among the middle-aged and older population, which leads to an increase of stroke incidence and poor stroke recovery. The present study was designed to investigate the impact of DM on brain damage and on ischemic brain repair after stroke in aging animals.

Methods—
DM was induced in middle-aged rats (13 months) by administration of nicotinamide and streptozotocin. Rats with confirmed hyperglycemia status 30 days after nicotinamide–streptozotocin injection and age-matched non-DM rats were subjected to embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion.

Results—
Middle-aged rats subjected to nicotinamide–streptozotocin injection became hyperglycemic and developed cognitive deficits 2 months after induction of DM. Histopathologic analysis revealed that there was sporadic vascular disruption, including cerebral microvascular thrombosis, blood–brain barrier leakage, and loss of paravascular aquaporin-4 in the hippocampi. Importantly, middle-aged DM rats subjected to stroke had exacerbated sensorimotor and cognitive deficits compared with age-matched non-DM ischemic rats during stroke recovery. Compared with age-matched non-DM ischemic rats, DM ischemic rats exhibited aggravated neurovascular disruption in the bilateral hippocampi and white matter, suppressed stroke-induced neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis, and impaired dendritic/spine plasticity. However, DM did not enlarge infarct volume.

Conclusions—
Our data suggest that DM exacerbates neurovascular damage and hinders brain repair processes, which likely contribute to the impairment of stroke recovery.
Care Received by Elderly US Stroke Survivors May Be Underestimated
Authors: Skolarus Lesli E. , Freedman Vicki A. , Feng Chunyang , Wing Jeffrey J. , Burke James F. 
Published: July 2016

Background and Purpose—
Previous studies exploring stroke-related caregiving focused solely on informal caregiving and a relatively limited set of activities. We sought to determine whether, and at what cost, stroke survivors receive more care than matched controls using an expanded definition of caregiving and inclusion of paid caregivers.

Methods—
Data were drawn from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), a nationally representative survey of Medicare beneficiaries. NHATS personnel conducted in-person interviews with respondents or proxies to determine the weekly hours of care received. We compared hours of assistance received between self-reported stroke survivors (n=892) and demography- and comorbidity-matched nonstroke controls (n=892). The annual cost of stroke caregiving was estimated using reported paid caregiving data and estimates of unpaid caregiving costs.

Results—

Of community-dwelling elderly stroke survivors, 51.4% received help from a caregiver. Stroke survivors received an average of 10 hours of additional care per week compared with demography- and comorbidity-matched controls (22.3 hours versus 11.8 hours;
P
<0.01). We estimate that the average annual cost for caregiving for an elderly stroke survivor is ≈$11 300 or ≈$40 billion annually, for all elderly stroke survivors, of which $5000 per person, or $18.2 billion annually, is specific to stroke.

Conclusions—
Although stroke survivors are known to require considerable caregiving resources, our findings suggest that previous assessments may underestimate hours of care received and hence costs.
Outcomes With Edoxaban Versus Warfarin in Patients With Previous Cerebrovascular Events
Authors: Rost Natalia S. , Giugliano Robert P. , Ruff Christian T. , Murphy Sabina A. , Crompton Andrea E. , Norden Andrew D. , Silverman Scott , Singhal Aneesh B. , Nicolau José C. , SomaRaju Bhupathi , Mercuri Michele F. , Antman Elliott M. , Braunwald Eugene 
Published: July 2016

Background and Purpose—
Patients with atrial fibrillation and previous ischemic stroke (IS)/transient ischemic attack (TIA) are at high risk of recurrent cerebrovascular events despite anticoagulation. In this prespecified subgroup analysis, we compared warfarin with edoxaban in patients with versus without previous IS/TIA.

Methods—
ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 (Effective Anticoagulation With Factor Xa Next Generation in Atrial Fibrillation-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 48) was a double-blind trial of 21 105 patients with atrial fibrillation randomized to warfarin (international normalized ratio, 2.0–3.0; median time-in-therapeutic range, 68.4%) versus once-daily edoxaban (higher-dose edoxaban regimen [HDER], 60/30 mg; lower-dose edoxaban regimen, 30/15 mg) with 2.8-year median follow-up. Primary end points included all stroke/systemic embolic events (efficacy) and major bleeding (safety). Because only HDER is approved, we focused on the comparison of HDER versus warfarin.

Results—

Of 5973 (28.3%) patients with previous IS/TIA, 67% had CHADS
2
(congestive heart failure, hypertension, age, diabetes, prior stroke/transient ischemic attack) >3 and 36% were ≥75 years. Compared with 15 132 without previous IS/TIA, patients with previous IS/TIA were at higher risk of both thromboembolism and bleeding (stroke/systemic embolic events 2.83% versus 1.42% per year;
P
<0.001; major bleeding 3.03% versus 2.64% per year;
P
<0.001; intracranial hemorrhage, 0.70% versus 0.40% per year;
P
<0.001). Among patients with previous IS/TIA, annualized intracranial hemorrhage rates were lower with HDER than with warfarin (0.62% versus 1.09%; absolute risk difference, 47 [8–85] per 10 000 patient-years; hazard ratio, 0.57; 95% confidence interval, 0.36–0.92;
P
=0.02). No treatment subgroup interactions were found for primary efficacy (
P
=0.86) or for intracranial hemorrhage (
P
=0.28).

Conclusions—
Patients with atrial fibrillation with previous IS/TIA are at high risk of recurrent thromboembolism and bleeding. HDER is at least as effective and is safer than warfarin, regardless of the presence or the absence of previous IS or TIA.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00781391.
Early or delayed provision of an ankle-foot orthosis in patients with acute and subacute stroke: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Nikamp Corien DM , Buurke Jaap H , van der Palen Job , Hermens Hermie J , Rietman Johan S 
Published: July 2016

Objective: (1) To study the effects of providing ankle-foot orthoses in subjects with (sub)acute stroke; and (2) to study whether the point in time at which an ankle-foot orthosis is provided post-stroke (early or delayed) influences these effects. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Rehabilitation centre. Subjects: Unilateral hemiparetic stroke subjects with indication for use of an ankle-foot orthosis and maximal six weeks post-stroke. Interventions: Subjects were randomly assigned to: early provision (at inclusion; Week 1) or delayed provision (eight weeks later; Week 9). Outcome measures: 10-metre walk test, 6-minute walk test, Timed Up and Go Test, stairs test, Functional Ambulation Categories, Berg Balance Scale, Rivermead Mobility Index and Barthel Index; assessed in Weeks 1, 3, 9 and 11. Results: A total of 33 subjects were randomized (16 early, 17 delayed). Positive effects of ankle-foot orthoses were found two weeks after provision, both when provided early (significant effects on all outcomes) or delayed (Berg Balance Scale p = 0.011, Functional Ambulation Categories p = 0.008, 6-minute walk test p = 0.005, Timed Up and Go Test p = 0.028). Comparing effects after early and delayed provision showed that early provision resulted in increased levels of improvement on Berg Balance Scale (+5.1 points, p = 0.002), Barthel Index (+1.9 points, p = 0.002) and non-significant improvements on 10-metre walk test (+0.14 m/s, p = 0.093) and Timed Up and Go Test (–5.4 seconds, p = 0.087), compared with delayed provision. Conclusions: We found positive effects of providing ankle-foot orthoses in (sub)acute stroke subjects that had not used these orthoses before.
Cooperatives as Transitional Economics
Authors: Sharzer Greg 
Published: July 2016

In contemporary discourse, cooperatives are often considered as vehicles for post-capitalist social transformation. However, theorists affiliated with the first, second, and third Internationals groupings of socialist parties suggested that cooperative potential was circumscribed by market coercion, leaving co-ops with limited pedagogical value and subordinating them to political movements. Their experience suggests it is important to avoid conflating cooperatives’ demonstration of post-capitalist labor norms with the strategic problems of creating a post-capitalist society. JEL classification: B14, J54
Comparison of the Effects of Levosimendan Dobutamine and Vasodilator Therapy on Ongoing Myocardial Injury in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
Authors: Gencer Erkan , Doğan Volkan , Öztürk Müjgan Tek , Nadir Aydın , Musmul Ahmet , Cavuşoğlu Yüksel 
Published: July 2016

Background: Cardiac troponins (cTn) are reliable and the most sensitive biomarker in the setting of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). Acute decompensated heart failure is usually associated with worsening chronic heart failure, and it may be caused by ongoing minor myocardial cell damage that may occur without any reported precipitating factors. Methods: We compared the short-term effect of levosimendan (LEV), dobutamine (DOB), and vasodilator treatment (nitroglycerin [NTG]) on myocardial injury with hemodynamic, neurohumoral, and inflammatory indicators. One hundred twenty-two patients with a mean age of 66 ± 9 years were treated with LEV (n = 40), DOB (n = 42), and NTG (n = 40) and examined retrospectively. Blood samples (cTnI, N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide [NT-proBNP], highly sensitive C-reactive protein [HsCRP], and others), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP), and 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) were compared before and after treatment. Results: At admission, detectable levels of cTnI were observed in 53% of patients (≥0.05 ng/mL). Serial changes in the mean cTnI levels were not significantly different between the groups (LEV 0.04 ± 0.01 to 0.03 ± 0.01 ng/mL; DOB 0.145 ± 0.08 to 0.08 ± 0.03 ng/mL; NTG 0.1 ± 0.03 to 0.09 ± 0.02 ng/mL; overall P = .859). Favourable effects on the NT-proBNP, sPAP values, LVEF, 6MWD, and HsCRP were observed overall, especially in the LEV groups. Conclusion: Beneficial effects of short-term use of LEV, DOB, and NTG on ongoing myocardial injury were demonstrated. These findings can be attributed to the anti-ischemic properties as well as the hemodynamic, neurohumoral, and functional benefits from the positive inotropes, especially LEV, in patients with ADHF.
Controlling the Flow
Authors: White Joy 
Published: July 2016

As a key genre within the urban music economy, grime music has a national and global presence. In the YouTube era, young people film music videos and broadcast them online. Legislation and policies ostensibly created as a means to maintain public safety combine to create methods to control the behaviour of young people. The production and circulation of urban music videos, therefore, become a contested activity. The racial mechanics of this gaze mean that for urban black youth, group endeavours are often criminalized as ‘gang activity’. Drawing on a 2014 Twitter profile as its starting point, this article examines the application of public safety legislation and policies in an East London borough. It reflects on how a ‘disciplinary process’ allows for local authorities, the metropolitan police and the judiciary to pin down and organize the movements of urban music practitioners in specific and particular ways.
Social work students as community partners in a family intervention programme
Authors: Hafford-Letchfield Trish , Thomas Bernadette , McDonald Lynn 
Published: July 2016

Summary This paper describes the findings from the evaluation of a UK initiative which engaged social work students as community partners within an educational-based family intervention programme. Fourteen social work students in the first year of a BA (Hons) were placed in the programme to meet the volunteering requirements of their ‘Community Project’. By engaging with the community-based family programme at an early stage in their education, students experienced the benefits of interventions, focussing on sustainability, citizenship and parent participation. We describe the approach and discuss the evaluation outcomes to illustrate the potential of utilising co-learning with families in social work education. In taking up the role of community partners, students observed first-hand the value of incorporating horizontal relationships into their learning and experienced direct knowledge exchange with service users at an early stage in their training. Findings The findings suggest that this experience enabled students to connect with conceptualisations of macro alongside micro practice in their professional development as social workers. Further, connecting critical social theories with the direct experience of families promoted the learners own empowerment and conscientisation. Application This provided a means of embedding social work values and aspirations towards social justice in their future practice orientation.
‘Keeping my mind strong’: enabling children to discuss and explore issues relating to their perceptions of positive mental health through the arts
Authors: O’Neill Marie Therese , Moore Kevin David 
Published: July 2016

Background The ramifications of mental ill health are enduring and potentially disabling. This research study focuses on using art to explore children’s understanding and awareness of mental health issues. Aims To explore the medium of ‘drawing’ as a method of communication by young people for expressing feelings and thoughts about what keeps their minds strong and what makes them happy as children. Method Arts-based research was used as a primary mode of inquiry to collect data and conduct analysis. Sample A total of 16 schools participated, with 10 from the primary school sector (children aged 5–11 years) and six from the post-primary sector (11 + to 18 years). A total of 358 posters were submitted. Findings Emergent themes suggested the existence of the awareness of stigma, which accompanied mental health issues and social isolation. In addition, perceptions of what makes children happy were also apparent, for example, family and friends. Similarities existed in the relationship between genders of a similar age group, and some differentiations presented between primary and post-primary educational sectors. Implications Arts-based research offers children an opportunity to recognise and express their feelings. Early identification of a child’s mental health problems may enable mental health nurses to engage in early intervention strategies to promote positive health functioning.
Best performing definition of accelerated knee osteoarthritis: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative
Authors: Driban Jeffrey B. , Stout Alina C. , Lo Grace H. , Eaton Charles B. , Price Lori Lyn , Lu Bing , Barbe Mary F. , McAlindon Timothy E. 
Published: July 2016

Background: We evaluated agreement among several definitions of accelerated knee osteoarthritis (AKOA) and construct validity by comparing their individual associations with injury, age, obesity, and knee pain. Methods: We selected knees from the Osteoarthritis Initiative that had no radiographic knee osteoarthritis [Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) 0 or 1] at baseline and had high-quality quantitative medial joint space width (JSW) measures on two or more consecutive visits ( n = 1655 knees, 1143 participants). Quantitative medial JSW was based on a semi-automated method and was location specific ( x = 0.25). We compared six definitions of AKOA: stringent JSW (averaged): average JSW loss greater than 1.05 mm/year over 4 years; stringent JSW (consistent): JSW loss greater than 1.05 mm/year for at least 2 years; lenient JSW (averaged): average JSW loss greater than 0.25 mm/year over 4 years; lenient JSW (consistent): JSW loss greater than 0.25 mm/year for at least 2 years; comprehensive KL based: progression from no radiographic osteoarthritis to advance-stage osteoarthritis (KL 3 or 4; development of definite osteophyte and joint space narrowing) within 4 years; and lenient KL based: an increase of at least two KL grades within 4 years. Results: Over 4 years the incidence rate of AKOA was 0.4%, 0.8%, 15.5%, 22.1%, 12.4%, and 7.2% based on the stringent JSW (averaged and consistent), lenient JSW (averaged and consistent), lenient KL-based definition, and comprehensive KL-based definition. All but one knee that met the stringent JSW definition also met the comprehensive KL-based definition. There was fair substantial agreement between the lenient JSW (averaged), lenient KL-based, and comprehensive KL-based definitions. A comprehensive KL-based definition led to larger effect sizes for injury, age, body mass index, and average pain over 4 years. Conclusions: A comprehensive KL-based definition of AKOA may be ideal because it represents a broader definition of joint deterioration compared with those focused on just joint space or osteophytes alone.
Adherence to Insulin Pump Behaviors in Young Children With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Patton Susana R. , Driscoll Kimberly A. , Clements Mark A. 
Published: July 2016

Background: Parents of young children are responsible for daily type 1 diabetes (T1DM) cares including insulin bolusing. For optimal insulin pump management, parents should enter a blood glucose result (SMBG) and a carbohydrate estimate (if food will be consumed) into the bolus advisor in their child’s pump to assist in delivering the recommended insulin bolus. Previously, pump adherence behaviors were described in adolescents; we describe these behaviors in a sample of young children. Methods: Pump data covering between 14-30 consecutive days were obtained for 116 children. Assessed adherence to essential pump adherence behaviors (eg, SMBG, carbohydrate entry, and insulin use) and adherence to 3 Wizard/Bolus Advisor steps: SMBG–carbohydrate entry–insulin bolus delivered. Results: Parents completed SMBG ≥4 times on 99% of days, bolused insulin ≥3 times on 95% of days, and entered carbohydrates ≥3 times on 93% of days, but they corrected for hyperglycemia (≥250 mg/dl or 13.9 mmol/l) only 63% of the time. Parents completed Wizard/Bolus Advisor steps (SMBG, carbohydrate entry, insulin bolus) within 30 minutes for 43% of boluses. Inverse correlations were found between children’s mean daily glucose and the percentage of days with ≥4 SMBG and ≥3 carbohydrate entries as well as the percentage of boluses where all Wizard/Bolus Advisor steps were completed. Conclusions: Parents of young children adhered to individual pump behaviors, but showed some variability in their adherence to Wizard/Bolus Advisor steps. Parents showed low adherence to recommendations to correct for hyperglycemia. Like adolescents, targeting pump behaviors in young children may have the potential to optimize glycemic control.