bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New species of the genus Otitoma Jousseaume, 1898 (Pseudomelatomidae, Conoidea) from the Western Pacific Ocean
Authors: Morassi Mauro , Nappo Andrea , Bonfitto Antonio 
Published: March 2017

Twelve new species are assigned to the genus Otitoma Jousseaume, 1898 in the family Pseudomelatomidae Morrison, 1966 and herein described: O. hadra sp. nov., O. neocaledonica sp. nov., O. rubiginostoma sp. nov and O. tropispira sp. nov. from New Caledonia; O. boucheti sp. nov., O. nereidum sp. nov. and O. sororcula sp. nov. from the Fiji Islands; O. xantholineata sp. nov. from the Solomon to the Fiji Islands; O. crassivaricosa sp. nov. from Fiji to Hiva Oa Island (Marquesas Archipelago); O. philpoppei sp. nov. from the Philippines but also reported from the Fiji Islands; O. elegans sp. nov. from the Fiji Islands and O. philippinensis sp. nov. from the Philippines. New data on O. carnicolor (Hervier, 1896) are provided. Otitoma mitra (Kilburn, 1986), from Southern Mozambique, is here considered a synonym of O. cyclophora (Deshayes, 1863). Drillia batjanensis Schepman, 1913, previously assigned to the genus Maoritomella Powell, 1942 in the family Borsoniidae Bellardi, 1875, is here assigned to the genus Otitoma. Photographs of the holotype of Drillia batjanensis are provided for the first time. In addition, color photographs of the type specimens of the following species are provided: Drillia kwandangensis Schepman, 1913, D. timorensis Schepman, 1913 and Mitrellatoma mitra Kilburn, 1986.
The Influence of Cognitive Skills on the Core Values of Science Class Students
Authors: Libed Glenda 
Published: March 2017

The Philippines has felt the need of brilliant leaders that would impact growth and development of the country. Thus, this study determined the influence of cognitive skills on the core values of students. Specifically, it aimed to determine: 1) respondents' characteristics considering self-awareness, stress - coping skills, self - motivation, environmental influences such as family, peer and media; and academic performance; 2) students' cognitive skills; 3) level of students' core values; 4) difference in the students' cognitive skills and core values when grouped according to their characteristics; and 5) extent of contribution of the students' cognitive skills on their core values. This descriptive research used simple random sampling method, descriptive and inferential statistics. Results showed that students have good stress coping skills, self-motivation, family and peer relationships. Their overall cognitive skills and core values are fair and good, respectively. Students with good family and peer influence, high academic performance have significantly higher cognitive skills and core values. Their cognitive skills also positively affect core values. There is hope for a much better performance as they are rated good in core values given that the respondents are still grade 9. With proper intervention, they could assume leadership roles and be highly competitive leaders.
MAVEN observations of tail current sheet flapping at Mars
Authors: DiBraccio Gina A. , Dann Julian , Espley Jared R. , Gruesbeck Jacob R. , Soobiah Yasir , Connerney John E. P. , Halekas Jasper S. , Harada Yuki , Bowers Charles F. , Brain David A. , Ruhunusiri Suranga , Hara Takuya , Jakosky Bruce M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe Martian magnetotail is a complex regime through which atmospheric particles are lost to space. Our current understanding of Mars' tail continues to develop with the comprehensive particle and field data collected by Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN). In this work, we identify periods when MAVEN encounters multiple current sheet crossings through a single tail traversal in order to understand tail dynamics. We apply an analysis technique that has been developed and validated by using multipoint measurements in order to separate the spatial and temporal properties associated with current sheet flapping. Events are classified into periods of steady flapping, due to a global motion of the current sheet, and kink‐like flapping, resulting from localized wave propagation along the tail current sheet. Out of 106 periods during which multiple current sheet crossings were observed, 20 were due to steady flapping and 10 from kink‐like flapping. A majority of the kink‐like events resulted from waves propagating in the opposite direction of the solar wind convection electric field, regardless of their location in the tail, unlike at Earth and Venus. This finding suggests that possible magnetosphere energy sources, whereby plasma is accelerated and removed from the Martian environment, are not located in the central magnetotail; rather, these waves may be driven by a source located at the tail flank based on the direction of the solar wind electric field. Therefore, by identifying potential sources of impulsive energy release in the tail, we may better understand mechanisms that drive atmospheric loss at Mars.
Temperature responses to the 11 year solar cycle in the mesosphere from the 31 year (1979–2010) extended Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model simulations and a comparison with the 14 year (2002–2015) TIMED/SABER observations
Authors: Gan Quan , Du Jian , Fomichev Victor I. , Ward William E. , Beagley Stephen R. , Zhang Shaodong , Yue Jia 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA recent 31 year simulation (1979–2010) by extended Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model (eCMAM30) and the 14 year (2002–2015) observation by the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere and Dynamics/Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emssion Radiometry (TIMED/SABER) are utilized to investigate the temperature response to the 11 year solar cycle on the mesosphere. Overall, the zonal mean responses tend to increase with height, and the amplitudes are on the order of 1–2 K/100 solar flux unit (1 sfu = 10−22 W m−2 Hz−1) below 80 km and 2–4 K/100 sfu in the mesopause region (80–100 km) from the eCMAM30, comparatively weaker than those from the SABER except in the midlatitude lower mesosphere. A pretty good consistence takes place at around 75–80 km with a response of ~1.5 K/100 sfu within 10°S/N. Also, a symmetric pattern of the responses about the equator agrees reasonably well between the two. It is noteworthy that the eCMAM30 displays an alternate structure with the upper stratospheric cooling and the lower mesospheric warming at midlatitudes of the winter hemisphere, in favor of the long‐term Rayleigh lidar observation reported by the previous studies. Through diagnosing multiple dynamical parameters, it is manifested that this localized feature is induced by the anomalous residual circulation as a consequence of the wave‐mean flow interaction during the solar maximum year.
Effects of solar wind ultralow‐frequency fluctuations on plasma sheet electron temperature: Regression analysis with support vector machine
Authors: Wang Chih‐Ping , Kim Hee‐Jeong , Yue Chao , Weygand James M. , Hsu Tung‐Shin , Chu Xiangning 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTo investigate whether ultralow‐frequency (ULF) fluctuations from 0.5 to 8.3 mHz in the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) can affect the plasma sheet electron temperature (Te) near geosynchronous distances, we use a support vector regression machine technique to decouple the effects from different solar wind parameters and their ULF fluctuation power. Te in this region varies from ~0.1 to 10 keV with a median of 1.3 keV. We find that when the solar wind ULF power is weak, Te increases with increasing southward IMF Bz and solar wind speed, while it varies weakly with solar wind density. As the ULF power becomes stronger during weak IMF Bz (~0) or northward IMF, Te becomes significantly enhanced, by a factor of up to 10. We also find that mesoscale disturbances in a time scale of a few to tens of minutes as indicated by AE during substorm expansion and recovery phases are more enhanced when the ULF power is stronger. The effect of ULF powers may be explained by stronger inward radial diffusion resulting from stronger mesoscale disturbances under higher ULF powers, which can bring high‐energy plasma sheet electrons further toward geosynchronous distance. This effect of ULF powers is particularly important during weak southward IMF or northward IMF when convection electric drift is weak.
Automated detection and cataloging of global explosive volcanism using the International Monitoring System infrasound network
Authors: Matoza Robin S. , Green David N. , Le Pichon Alexis , Shearer Peter M. , Fee David , Mialle Pierrick , Ceranna Lars 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe experiment with a new method to search systematically through multiyear data from the International Monitoring System (IMS) infrasound network to identify explosive volcanic eruption signals originating anywhere on Earth. Detecting, quantifying, and cataloging the global occurrence of explosive volcanism helps toward several goals in Earth sciences and has direct applications in volcanic hazard mitigation. We combine infrasound signal association across multiple stations with source location using a brute‐force, grid‐search, cross‐bearings approach. The algorithm corrects for a background prior rate of coherent unwanted infrasound signals (clutter) in a global grid, without needing to screen array processing detection lists from individual stations prior to association. We develop the algorithm using case studies of explosive eruptions: 2008 Kasatochi, Alaska; 2009 Sarychev Peak, Kurile Islands; and 2010 Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland. We apply the method to global IMS infrasound data from 2005–2010 to construct a preliminary acoustic catalog that emphasizes sustained explosive volcanic activity (long‐duration signals or sequences of impulsive transients lasting hours to days). This work represents a step toward the goal of integrating IMS infrasound data products into global volcanic eruption early warning and notification systems. Additionally, a better understanding of volcanic signal detection and location with the IMS helps improve operational event detection, discrimination, and association capabilities.
Upscaling pore pressure‐dependent gas permeability in shales
Authors: Ghanbarian Behzad , Javadpour Farzam 
Published: March 2017

AbstractUpscaling pore pressure dependence of shale gas permeability is of great importance and interest in the investigation of gas production in unconventional reservoirs. In this study, we apply the Effective Medium Approximation, an upscaling technique from statistical physics, and modify the Doyen model for unconventional rocks. We develop an upscaling model to estimate the pore pressure‐dependent gas permeability from pore throat size distribution, pore connectivity, tortuosity, porosity, and gas characteristics. We compare our adapted model with six data sets: three experiments, one pore‐network model, and two lattice‐Boltzmann simulations. Results showed that the proposed model estimated the gas permeability within a factor of 3 of the measurements/simulations in all data sets except the Eagle Ford experiment for which we discuss plausible sources of discrepancies.
Bio‐optical anomalies in the world's oceans: An investigation on the diffuse attenuation coefficients for downward irradiance derived from Biogeochemical Argo float measurements
Authors: Organelli Emanuele , Claustre Hervé , Bricaud Annick , Barbieux Marie , Uitz Julia , D'Ortenzio Fabrizio , Dall'Olmo Giorgio 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIdentification of oceanic regions characterized by particular optical properties is extremely important for ocean color applications. The departure from globally established bio‐optical models (i.e., anomaly) introduces uncertainties in the retrieval of biogeochemical quantities from satellite observations. Thanks to an array of 105 Biogeochemical Argo floats acquiring almost daily downward irradiance measurements at selected wavelengths in the UV and blue region of the spectrum, we reexamined the natural variability of the spectral diffuse attenuation coefficients, Kd(λ), among the world's oceans and compared them to previously established bio‐optical models. The analysis of 2847 measurements of Kd(λ) at 380 and 490 nm, within the first optical depth, provided a classification of the examined regions into three groups. The first one included the Black Sea, a water body characterized by a very high content of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM). The second group was essentially composed by the subtropical gyres (Atlantic and Pacific Oceans), with optical properties consistent with previous models (i.e., no anomalies). High latitude (North Atlantic and Southern oceans) and temperate (Mediterranean Sea) seas formed the third group, in which optical properties departed from existing bio‐optical models. Annual climatologies of the Kd(380)/Kd(490) ratio evidenced a persistent anomaly in the Mediterranean Sea, that we attributed to a higher‐than‐average CDOM contribution to total light absorption. In the North Atlantic subpolar gyre, anomalies were observed only in wintertime and were also attributed to high CDOM concentrations. In the Southern Ocean, the anomaly was likely related to high phytoplankton pigment packaging rather than to CDOM.
Ecosystem function in complex mountain terrain: Combining models and long‐term observations to advance process‐based understanding
Authors: Wieder William R. , Knowles John F. , Blanken Peter D. , Swenson Sean C. , Suding Katharine N. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAbiotic factors structure plant community composition and ecosystem function across many different spatial scales. Often, such variation is considered at regional or global scales, but here we ask whether ecosystem‐scale simulations can be used to better understand landscape‐level variation that might be particularly important in complex terrain, such as high‐elevation mountains. We performed ecosystem‐scale simulations by using the Community Land Model (CLM) version 4.5 to better understand how the increased length of growing seasons may impact carbon, water, and energy fluxes in an alpine tundra landscape. The model was forced with meteorological data and validated with observations from the Niwot Ridge Long Term Ecological Research Program site. Our results demonstrate that CLM is capable of reproducing the observed carbon, water, and energy fluxes for discrete vegetation patches across this heterogeneous ecosystem. We subsequently accelerated snowmelt and increased spring and summer air temperatures in order to simulate potential effects of climate change in this region. We found that vegetation communities that were characterized by different snow accumulation dynamics showed divergent biogeochemical responses to a longer growing season. Contrary to expectations, wet meadow ecosystems showed the strongest decreases in plant productivity under extended summer scenarios because of disruptions in hydrologic connectivity. These findings illustrate how Earth system models such as CLM can be used to generate testable hypotheses about the shifting nature of energy, water, and nutrient limitations across space and through time in heterogeneous landscapes; these hypotheses may ultimately guide further experimental work and model development.
A downslope propagating thermal front over the continental slope
Authors: van Haren Hans , Hosegood Phil J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn the ocean, internal frontal bores above sloping topography have many appearances, depending on the local density stratification, and on the angle and source of generation of the carrier wave. However, their common characteristics are a backward breaking wave, strong sediment resuspension, and relatively cool (denser) water moving more or less upslope underneath warm (less dense) water. In this paper, we present a rare example of a downslope moving front of cold water moving over near‐bottom warm water. Large backscatter is observed in the downslope moving front's trailing edge, rather than the leading edge as is common in upslope moving fronts. Time series observations have been made during a fortnight in summer, using a 101 m long array of high‐resolution temperature sensors moored with an acoustic Doppler current profiler at 396 m depth in near‐homogeneous waters, near a small canyon in the continental slope off the Malin shelf (West‐Scotland, UK). Occurring between fronts that propagate upslope with tidal periodicity, the rare downslope propagating one resembles a gravity current and includes strong convective turbulence coming from the interior rather than the more usual frictionally generated turbulence arising from interaction with the seabed. Its turbulence is 3–10 times larger than that of more common upslope propagating fronts. As the main turbulence is in the interior with a thin stratified layer close to the bottom, little sediment is resuspended by a downslope propagating front. The downslope propagating front is suggested to be generated by oblique propagation of internal (tidal) waves and flow over a nearby upstream promontory.
Evaluation of the effective forcespinning parameters controlling polyvinyl alcohol nanofibers diameter using artificial neural network
Authors: Naghibzadeh Majid , Adabi Mohsen , Rahmani Hamid Reza , Mirali Mohsen , Adabi Mahdi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this research, the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers through forcespinning process were successfully produced and the effective parameters for predicting nanofibers diameter using artificial neural network (ANN) were investigated. The various parameters of forcespinning process including rotational speed, orifice, distance to the collector, and polymer concentration were designed to produce PVA nanofibers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the produced fibers diameter was in the range of 0.56–1.9 μm. The neural network with four input factors, three hidden layers with 5, 10, 1 nodes in each layers, respectively, and one output layer had the best performance in the testing sets. Moreover, the mean squared error (MSE) and linear regression (R) between observed and predicted nanofibers diameter were about 0.1077 and 0.9387, respectively, demonstrating a suitable performance for the prediction of nanofibers diameter using the selected neural network model.
Taking Stock of the Diversity and Sense of Community Debate
Authors: Neal Zachary P. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractOver the past couple of years, a debate has played out in the pages of the American Journal of Community Psychology concerning the relationship between two of Community Psychology's core values: promoting diversity and promoting a sense of community. This special section is to continue a discussion about diversity and community, both among the debate's initial contributors (Alex Stivala, Greg Townley, and Zachary Neal), as well as among others whose own work has touched on these issues (Anne Brodsky, Richard Florida, Jean Hill, and Roderick Watts). In this essay, I address some broad questions that have emerged through this discussion. First, because much has been written on the relationship between diversity and community, both in community psychology and in other disciplines, what do we know, or at least think we know? Second, since the constructs of diversity and sense of community are complex and multi‐faceted, how can definitions get in the way and how can we avoid talking past one another in this discussion? Finally, looking across the original papers that initiated this discussion, as well as the contributions in this special section, what path(s) forward do we have?
Technical intelligence and culture: Nut cracking in humans and chimpanzees
Authors: Boesch Christophe , Bombjaková Daša , Boyette Adam , Meier Amelia 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectivesAccording to the technical intelligence hypothesis, humans are superior to all other animal species in understanding and using tools. However, the vast majority of comparative studies between humans and chimpanzees, both proficient tool users, have not controlled for the effects of age, prior knowledge, past experience, rearing conditions, or differences in experimental procedures. We tested whether humans are superior to chimpanzees in selecting better tools, using them more dexteriously, achieving higher performance and gaining access to more resource as predicted under the technical intelligence hypothesis.Materials and methodsAka and Mbendjele hunter‐gatherers in the rainforest of Central African Republic and the Republic of Congo, respectively, and Taï chimpanzees in the rainforest of Côte d'Ivoire were observed cracking hardPanda oleosanuts with different tools, as well as the softCoula edulisandElaeis guinensisnuts. The nut‐cracking techniques, hammer material selection and two efficiency measures were compared.ResultsAs predicted, the Aka and the Mbendjele were able to exploit more species of hard nuts in the forest than chimpanzees. However, the chimpanzees were sometimes more efficient than the humans. Social roles differed between the two species, with the Aka and especially the Mbendjele exhibiting cooperation between nut‐crackers whereas the chimpanzees were mainly individualistic.DiscussionObservations of nut‐cracking by humans and chimpanzees only partially supported the technical intelligence hypothesis as higher degrees of flexibility in tool selection seen in chimpanzees compensated for use of less efficient tool material than in humans. Nut cracking was a stronger social undertaking in humans than in chimpanzees.
The generation and properties of new classes of multipartite entangled coherent squeezed states in a conducting cavity
Authors: Daneshmand R. , Tavassoly M. K. 
Published: March 2017

Recently the quantum description of electromagnetic waves in conducting media has been performed. It has been deduced that, in particular situations the Hamiltonian of corresponding field can be expressed by the well‐known Caldirola‐Kanai Hamiltonian. In this paper, using the associated annihilation and creation operators of the above‐mentioned real physical system, a few schemes for the generation of some classes of time‐dependent multipartite entangled coherent squeezed states are proposed. To achieve the purpose, the interaction of a narrow bunch of two‐level atoms with such a quantized field in a conducting cavity and in the presence of a strong‐driving classical field is taken into account. The influence of the conductivity parameter on the degree of entanglement and atomic population inversion is studied, numerically. As will be clarified, the related physical quantities can be controlled by the conductivity parameter. In detail, it is shown that the entanglement reaches to its maximum value with smaller delay in the presence of larger values of conductivity. Also, it is observed that by increasing the conductivity, the time for occurring collapse‐revival in the atomic inversion is decreased.
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Steering On‐Surface Reactions by a Self‐Assembly Approach
Authors: Chen Qiwei , Cramer Jacob R. , Liu Jing , Jin Xin , Liao Peilin , Shao Xiang , Gothelf Kurt V. , Wu Kai 
Published: March 2017

Abstract4,4′‐Bis(2,6‐difluoropyridin‐4‐yl)‐1,1′:4′,1′′‐terphenyl (BDFPTP) molecules underwent dehydrocyclization and covalent coupling reactions on Au(111) according to scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Self‐assembly of the reactants in well‐defined molecular domains prior to reaction could greatly enhance the regioselectivity of the dehydrocyclization reaction and suppress defluorinated coupling, demonstrating that self‐assembly can efficiently steer on‐surface reactions. Such a strategy could be of great importance in surface chemistry and widely applied to control on‐surface reactions.