bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying power relationships in conversations: the case of Pygmalion
Authors: Neuman Yair , Cohen Yochai 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Power relationships express one party’s dominance, control, influence, and authority over the other. In this article, and using state-of-the-art AI tools, we show that power relationships can be automatically identified in textual data. Generating thousands of synthetic utterances expressing either dominance or compliance, we trained/ran three models that showed good classification performance. Moreover, using GPT-4, we present a novel method for presenting power asymmetry in conversations and visualizing the dynamics of power relationships over time. This methodology is presented and illustrated by analyzing a case study—The play Pygmalion by George Bernard Show.
What Are the Challenges Ahead for Training the Present and Next-Generation Microscopists in the Life Sciences (a.k.a. Structural Cell Biologists)?
Authors: Braet Filip , Taatjes Douglas J 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Becoming a life scientist microscopist involves earning a bachelor’s degree in biology, biomedicine, or a related education program, specializing in microscopy-related areas. Advanced degrees (B.A. Hons., M.A. Res., or Ph.D.) enhance hands-on proficiencies and lay the foundation to become a microscopist or structural cell biologist. Staying updated on technological advancements, networking, and attending relevant microscopy conferences and workshops are central to the success of becoming an established, competent microscopist. Building an academic career in microscopy includes showcasing skills and proficiency in a research field. This involves teaching, scholarly dissemination, and achieving success in awards and grants, which are crucial for entry-level positions in academia. Continuous professional development in specific microscopy interests through workshops, self-education, online resources, or attaining additional certificates or diplomas is essential for academic career advancement, as the science of microscopy is not characterized by a status quo but is evolving at unprecedented speed. Tailoring education and understanding job requirements for academia, research organizations, or industry are critical decisions to align skills with career goals. In this themed contribution, we highlight key considerations for aspiring or junior microscopists to contemplate when building a successful research career in biological microscopy.
First measurement of the Mg ii forest correlation function in the Epoch of Reionization
Authors: Tie Suk Sien , Hennawi Joseph F , Wang Feige , Onorato Silvia , Yang Jinyi , Bañados Eduardo , Davies Frederick B , Oñorbe Jose 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Strong low-ionization transitions like the Mg ii$\lambda 2796,2804$ Å doublet are believed to produce a detectable ‘metal-line forest’, if metals pollute the neutral intergalatic medium (IGM). We measure the autocorrelation of the Mg ii forest transmission using 10 ground-based $z \ge 6.80$ quasar spectra probing the redshift range $5.96 \lt z_{\rm Mg\, {\small II}} \lt 7.42$ ($z_{\rm Mg\, {\small II}, median} = 6.47$). The correlation function exhibits strong small-scale clustering and a pronounced peak at the doublet velocity ($\Delta v = 768~{\rm km\, s^{-1}}$) arising from discrete absorbers in the circumgalactic medium of galaxies. After these strong absorbers are identified and masked the signal is consistent with noise. Our measurements are compared to a suite of models generated by combining a large hydrodynamical simulation with a seminumerical reionization topology, assuming a simple uniform enrichment model. We obtain a 95 per cent credibility upper limit of $[{\rm Mg/H}] \lt -3.73$ at $z_{\rm Mg\, {\small II},median} = 6.47$, assuming uninformative priors on [Mg/H] and the IGM neutral fraction $x_{\rm {H\, {\small I}}}$. Splitting the data into low-z ($5.96 \lt z_{\rm Mg\, {\small II}} \lt 6.47$; $z_{\rm Mg\, {\small II},median} = 6.235$) and high-z ($6.47 \lt z_{\rm Mg\, {\small II}} \lt 7.42$; $z_{\rm Mg\, {\small II},median} = 6.72$) subsamples again yields null detections and 95 per cent upper limits of $[{\rm Mg/H}] \lt -3.75$ and $\lt -3.45$, respectively. These first measurements set the stage for making the Mg ii forest an emerging tool to precisely constrain the Universe reionization and enrichment history.
Cooperative binding of bivalent ligands yields new insights into the guanidine-II riboswitch
Authors: Steuer Jakob , Sinn Malte , Eble Franziska , Rütschlin Sina , Böttcher Thomas , Hartig Jörg S , Peter Christine 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Riboswitches are involved in regulating the gene expression in bacteria. They are located within the untranslated regions of bacterial messenger RNA and function as switches by adjusting their shape, depending on the presence or absence of specific ligands. To decipher the fundamental aspects of bacterial gene control, it is therefore important to understand the mechanisms that underlie these conformational switches. To this end, a combination of an experimental binding study, molecular simulations and machine learning has been employed to obtain insights into the conformational changes and structural dynamics of the guanidine-II riboswitch. By exploiting the design of a bivalent ligand, we were able to study ligand binding in the aptamer dimer at the molecular level. Spontaneous ligand-binding events, which are usually difficult to simulate, were observed and the contributing factors are described. These findings were further confirmed by in vivo experiments, where the cooperative binding effects of the bivalent ligands resulted in increased binding affinity compared to the native guanidinium ligand. Beyond ligand binding itself, the simulations revealed a novel, ligand-dependent base-stacking interaction outside of the binding pocket that stabilizes the riboswitch.
Brain tumor patient perceptions toward repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for rehabilitation after surgery
Authors: Ali Ahmad M S , Aliaga-Arias Jahard , Zakaria Rasheed , Jenkinson Michael D , Ghimire Prajwal , Bhangoo Ranjeev , Ashkan Keyoumars , Mirallave-Pescador Ana , Vergani Francesco , Lavrador Jose Pedro 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is established for depression and rehabilitation after stroke and is emerging for cognitive rehabilitation. We sought to evaluate patient and carer perceptions toward rTMS for rehabilitation after neurosurgery.

Methods
Two surveys were undertaken. Group 1: Patients who received 7 days of rTMS for motor or language rehabilitation for severe postoperative deficits following lesional resection were prospectively surveyed on the last day of their rTMS treatment, as well as their next of kin. Group 2: Patients who had previously been diagnosed with glioma but did not receive rTMS were retrospectively surveyed through two brain tumor charities, including next of kin.

Results
Group 1: Twenty-one responses. Eleven patients, 10 next of kin. The commonest pathology was WHO Grade 4 glioma (n = 3). Group 2: 24 responses. Sixteen patients, 8 next of kin. The commonest pathology was WHO Grade 2 glioma (n = 7). Most Group 1 respondents reported a positive experience of rTMS (15/21). Patients experienced subjective improvements in gross motor functions of arm and leg weakness and purposeful movement (9/11). Lack of subjective motor improvement was associated with adverse symptoms (e.g., headaches; p = .01). Group 2 respondents were supportive of rTMS. Key priorities included motor and cognitive rehabilitation. They were accepting of longer and more frequent rTMS sessions than Group 1 (p = .028 and &lt;.001, respectively). Commonest concerns pertained to side effects are seizures and headaches.

Conclusions
rTMS for rehabilitation was well-tolerated by patients with side effects being commoner in those with no subjective motor improvements. Nontreated patients and their next of kin would find longer and more sessions acceptable but have concerns about potential side effects.
Relative Efficacy of Cigarillo Warning Statements in Text and Pictorial Formats: An Experimental Study Among a Sample of US Young Adults
Authors: Jebai Rime , Sutfin Erin L , Cassidy Rachel N , Zizzi Alexandra R , Reboussin Beth A , Cornacchione Ross Jennifer 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Health warning labels (HWLs) communicate the health risks of cigar use and can decrease use when on cigar packages.

Aims and Methods
This study assessed the relative efficacy of six FDA-proposed individual warning statements in text and pictorial format. A sample of young adults (ages 18–29) were randomized to a text or pictorial warning condition on generic cigarillo packages. The warning statements were about lung cancer and heart disease; cancers of the mouth and throat; secondhand smoke; not a safe alternative; nicotine/addiction; and harm to baby. Negative emotional reactions, cognitive elaboration, and perceived message effectiveness (PME) were assessed for each warning using linear mixed models.

Results
Of the 661 participants, 47.3% reported ever cigarillo smoking, 32.7% current smoking, and 20% were susceptible. In the pictorial format, cancers of the mouth and throat elicited lower levels of anxiety compared to secondhand smoke, not a safe alternative, nicotine/addiction, and harm to baby (ps &lt; .001). Pictorial HWLs with human imagery induced high anxiety, sadness, fear, and guilt reactions (p &lt; .001) and higher PME (p = .011) compared to pictorial HWLs with diseased body parts. Compared to the text HWL cancers of the mouth and throat, the text HWL harm to baby elicited higher anxiety (p = .003), sadness (p = .002), and PME (p &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Pictorial HWLs depicting people or human imagery, rather than images of diseased organs or body parts, to represent health effects elicited the most negative emotional reactions, such as anxiety and guilt, and higher PME. Including such images and texts highlighting effects on vulnerable populations like babies can better communicate cigarillo health risks, aiming to curb cigarillo use among young people.

Implications
The study suggests that pictorial HWLs with human imagery significantly enhance the communication of cigarillo smoking risks compared to images of diseased organs. These HWLs evoke stronger emotional responses, particularly anxiety and guilt, and higher perceived message effectiveness by depicting a recognizable person. Furthermore, text-only warnings describing the smoking effect on vulnerable populations, such as babies, might have a higher impact on young adults. This evidence supports a strategic shift in FDA policies to include such impactful images and texts, which could potentially lead to a significant reduction in cigarillo use among young people. Our findings underscore the urgent need for continued research and implementation of these enhanced warning labels to improve public health outcomes.
Exhaustive Search of Dietary Intake Biomarkers as Objective Tools for Personalized Nutrimetabolomics and Precision Nutrition Implementation
Authors: de la O Victor , Fernández-Cruz Edwin , Valdés Alberto , Cifuentes Alejandro , Walton Janette , Martínez J Alfredo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
To conduct an exhaustive scoping search of existing literature, incorporating diverse bibliographic sources to elucidate the relationships between metabolite biomarkers in human fluids and dietary intake.

Background
The search for biomarkers linked to specific dietary food intake holds immense significance for precision health and nutrition research. Using objective methods to track food consumption through metabolites offers a more accurate way to provide dietary advice and prescriptions on healthy dietary patterns by healthcare professionals. An extensive investigation was conducted on biomarkers associated with the consumption of several food groups and consumption patterns. Evidence is integrated from observational studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses to achieve precision nutrition and metabolism personalization.

Methods
Tailored search strategies were applied across databases and gray literature, yielding 158 primary research articles that met strict inclusion criteria. The collected data underwent rigorous analysis using STATA and Python tools. Biomarker–food associations were categorized into 5 groups: cereals and grains, dairy products, protein-rich foods, plant-based foods, and a miscellaneous group. Specific cutoff points (≥3 or ≥4 bibliographic appearances) were established to identify reliable biomarkers indicative of dietary consumption.

Results
Key metabolites in plasma, serum, and urine revealed intake from different food groups. For cereals and grains, 3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid glucuronide and 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid were significant. Omega-3 fatty acids and specific amino acids showcased dairy and protein foods consumption. Nuts and seafood were linked to hypaphorine and trimethylamine N-oxide. The miscellaneous group featured compounds like theobromine, 7-methylxanthine, caffeine, quinic acid, paraxanthine, and theophylline associated with coffee intake.

Conclusions
Data collected from this research demonstrate potential for incorporating precision nutrition into clinical settings and nutritional advice based on accurate estimation of food intake. By customizing dietary recommendations based on individualized metabolic profiles, this approach could significantly improve personalized food consumption health prescriptions and support integrating multiple nutritional data.
This article is part of a Nutrition Reviews special collection on Precision Nutrition.
Impact of COVID-19 Nonpharmaceutical Interventions on Bordetella pertussis, Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Influenza Virus, and Seasonal Coronavirus Antibody Levels: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gaasbeek Channah M , Visser Maxime , de Vries Rory D , Koopmans Marion , van Binnendijk Rob , den Hartog Gerco 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were introduced to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2. This also resulted in a reduction of notifications of other acute respiratory infections and an altered seasonality when NPIs were lifted. Without circulation of pathogens, waning of antibodies is expected, which is a first indicator of decreased immunity. Here, by performing a systematic literature review, we investigated whether reduced antibody levels due to waning immunity contributed to the altered seasonality after NPIs were lifted. Thirteen articles met the inclusion criteria and reported antibody levels or seroprevalence of human respiratory syncytial virus, seasonal human coronavirus, Bordetella pertussis, and influenza virus. We show that the COVID-19 pandemic most likely led to waning of pathogen-specific antibodies, with the strongest evidence for human respiratory syncytial virus and seasonal human coronavirus and with a larger decrease in children vs adults. Waning antibodies might have resulted in out-of-season activity for these pathogens.
Out-BREAK!: An IDWeek 2023 Escape Room to Break Out of the Educational Mold
Authors: Zhong Diana , Dong Sara W , Chu Victoria T , Gabriel Nathalie , Lusardi Katherine , Searns Justin B , Wattier Rachel L , Ristagno Elizabeth H , Bhimraj Adarsh , Boguniewicz Juri , Pottinger Paul 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
An escape room is a cooperative game that has been adapted into medical education and major academic conferences.

Methods
We describe the design, development, and implementation of an educational ID-themed escape room activity entitled “Out-BREAK!” at an international conference, IDWeek 2023. An anonymous survey was conducted to collect demographic data, assess participant satisfaction with the escape room puzzles, and gauge participant interest in game-based learning.

Results
Thirty escape room sessions were held over 3 days and included 201 participants. Escape room survey respondents (n = 132) were younger and more likely to be trainees compared with in-person IDWeek attendants. Among 131 responses, all respondents enjoyed the experience and would recommend the escape room activity to friends. Survey respondents enjoyed the puzzle solving (93%), medical content (92%), and team building (79%) components. Only 35% of the respondents had ever previously participated in game-based learning; 95% thought the escape room was a valuable teaching method. Among the 72 survey respondents involved in medical education, almost all (90%) said they were interested in incorporating escape rooms into medical education.

Conclusions
The Out-BREAK! escape room at IDWeek 2023 was successfully implemented and well received. Despite only a third of participants having prior experience with game-based learning, almost all respondents perceived the escape room to be an effective teaching method.
Liver metastases and peritoneal metastases and response to checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic colorectal cancer with microsatellite instability
Authors: Fakih Marwan , Sandhu Jaideep , Li Xiaochen , Wang Chongkai 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
There have been conflicting reports on the predictive impact of metastatic disease sites on the response to checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) in microsatellite instability (MSI) metastatic colorectal cancers (mCRC). Recent studies have highlighted peritoneal metastases, ascites, and liver metastases as possible indicators of resistance to CPI.

Methods
We performed a detailed analysis of high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) mCRC treated with programmed cell death (PD-1) or PD-1/cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 CPI in a single center. Overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and stable disease but with complete pathological response upon resection (SDcPR) were analyzed by the presence of liver metastases, peritoneal metastases, or absence of either. The impact of number and size of liver metastases on clinical outcomes were also interrogated.

Results
Thirty-five patients with MSI mCRC were included in the analysis. Patients with peritoneal metastatic disease had lower ORR and shorter PFS compared to patients without liver and peritoneal metastases. Contrary to recent reports, ORR and ORR + SDcPR rates were high in patients with liver metastases, at 58% and 66%, respectively. In the liver metastases category, a better response rate was noted for patients with&lt;5 lesions compared to patients with more than 5 lesions. Patients who responded had a higher median tumor mutation burden than patients with progressive disease.

Conclusions
In MSI mCRC, no single clinical characteristic was sufficient to preclude CPI response. Peritoneal metastatic disease was associated with numerically lower ORR and shorter PFS. In contrast, liver metastases do not predict poor outcome.
Abstraction, truth, and free logic
Authors: Assadian Bahram 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Abstractionism is the view that Fregean abstraction principles underlie our knowledge of the existence of mathematical objects. It is often assumed that the abstractionist proof for the existence of such objects requires ‘negative free logic’ in which all atomic sentences with empty terms are false. I argue that while negative free logic is not indispensably needed for the proof of abstract existence, there is a motivation for it—along broadly Fregean lines. The standard motivation for negative semantics rests on the explanation of truth in terms of reference. This line of reasoning, however, is not available in a context in which the reference of abstract terms must be proved, and not presupposed. I reverse the direction of explanation, thereby offering a novel motivation, Truth Priority, for the use of negative semantics. Some of the implications of Truth Priority for the abstractionist conception of ontology and reference will also be explored.
Varieties of trade union protest
Authors: Höltmann Gesine , Borbáth Endre , Hutter Swen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The article examines varieties of trade union protest across industrial relations regimes, using protest event data for 27 European countries between 2000 and 2021. We present a large-n analysis of how the level and ‘movement character’ of union protest covaries with the strength and institutional settings of union movements across regimes. We show that unions remain important protest actors and that union protest in the public sphere notably outweighs workplace-related strikes. Furthermore, we find an inverse relationship between union institutionalization and the ‘movement character’ of union protest: While strong union movements in highly institutionalized regimes display a strike-heavy repertoire, weaker union movements in contexts of low institutionalization rely heavily on protest actions beyond the workplace strike. With these findings, we provide a novel empirical assessment of what unions do in the protest arena and how institutional settings can be conducive to strike-heavy versus protest-heavy union tactics.
Comparison of amount of noise and elimination strategies for noise in neonatal intensive care units of government and private hospitals in the Jodhpur district of India
Authors: Lokwani Prateek , Mathur Niharika , Gupta Neeraj , Choudhary Sushil Kumar , Singh Arun Kumarendu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
With technological advancement, neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) have become noisier than ever. Studies have shown the detrimental effects of increasing noise in NICU on growing pre-term and sick neonates. The present study aimed primarily to compare the amount of noise in NICUs of private and government hospitals. The secondary aim was to compare the strategies adopted by these hospitals to control the detrimental effects of noise on newborns. A detailed noise survey was conducted in the NICUs of two private and two government hospitals in the Jodhpur district, India. The noise survey was performed for a duration of 48 h using “Sound Ear 3-300” noise meters. The analyses were measured in Leq (equivalent continuous sound level) A-weighted decibels (dBA). The extracted data analysis revealed that the noise measured was in the range of 61.62–82.32 dBA in four NICUs of the district. The results also revealed a statistically significant difference between the NICU noise of private and government hospitals. The levels of alarming sounds differed between the hospitals with a general trend of lesser alarming sounds in private hospitals. The major differences in strategies adopted were that both private hospitals had a protocol to purposely reduce levels of alarming sounds when heard, and purposely limited the number of staff present in certain areas of the NICU, which were correlated with reduced sound compared to the government hospitals. Strategies like these require no additional cost to make drastic changes in the average noise measured.
A new family of freshwater snails with Cretaceous origin from Yunnan, China
Authors: Zhang Le-Jia , Bernardes Samuel Chagas , Meng Kaibayer , von Rintelen Thomas 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
China is a hotspot for species’ discovery nowadays and harbours some of the most threatened environments in the world due to human activities. Here we describe a new remarkable gastropod species from an ancient freshwater lake in Yunnan, south-west China, Squamapex taiji gen. et sp. nov. within a new monospecific family of Truncatelloidea, Squamapicidae fam. nov.. The highly ornamented protoconch of Squamapicidae, with a microstructure distinct from that of the teleoconch, has rarely been found in true freshwater gastropods, being previously mostly known from marine or migratory gastropods with veliger larvae. The most complete family-level and first-dated phylogeny of Truncatelloidea, the largest and most diverse superfamily within Mollusca, based on two mitochondrial and three nuclear markers, shows that Squamapicidae belong to a distinct ancient lineage with Cretaceous origin. Its sister-group, unique protoconch, and distribution suggest a Tethys Ocean origin of this new family.