bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IDENTIFICATION OF MAJALAYA COMMON CARP STRAINS RESISTANT TO KHV INFECTION USING CYCA-DAB1*05 ALLELE AS THE MARKER
Authors: Alimuddin Alimuddin , Mubinun Mubinun , Santika Ayi , Carman Odang , Faizal Irvan , Sumantadinata Komar 
Published: October 2016

The Cyca-DAB1*05 allele of major histocompatibility complex class II genes is recently suggested to have a link with the European common carp strain resistant to koi herpesvirus (KHV). In this study, a set of specific primers for Cyca-DAB1*05 was designed and applied as a marker to identify broodstocks of majalaya common carp strain subsequently used as a candidate resistant to KHV infection. From a total of 23 broodstock subjected to PCR analysis, two female and male fish, both having (P) and no Cyca-DAB1*05 (N), were selected and then diallelly mated. Disease resistance of progenies from 10 crosses was determined by a survival analysis in pond rearing and a laboratory challenge-test using cohabitation method. The results have revealed that the average survivals of PxP progenies for pond rearing and KHV challenge test were 86% and 100% higher (P < 0.05) respectively compared to that of NxN fish. Survival rate of PxN/NxP progenies was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that of PxP fish. Furthermore, PCR analysis showed that almost 91% progenies of PxP crosses seemed to have a KHV resistant gene marker. Thus, this study suggests that the marker is associated with the KHV resistance in majalaya common carp strain, and farming of PxP progenies can be useful to increase common carp production.
IN VITRO ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITIES OF INDONESIAN MARINE SPONGE AAPTOS AAPTOS AND CALLYSPONGIA PSEUDORETICULATA EXTRACTS AND THEIR TOXICITY AGAINST Vibrio spp.
Authors: Rosmiati Rosmiati , Mohamad Habsah , Muhammad Tengku Sifzizul Tengku , Musa Najiah , Ahmad Aziz , Ismail Noraznawati , Mohamad Farida , Nurhidayah Nurhidayah 
Published: October 2016

Vibriosis is one of diseases which often results in mass mortality of Penaeus monodon larval rearing systems. It attacks shrimp of all stages in zoea, mysis and shrimp postlarva stage. This disease is caused by Vibrio spp, particularly Vibrio harveyi (a luminescent bacterium). Several kinds of antibiotics and chemical material have been used to overcome the disease but they have side effects to environment and human. The searching of bioactive compounds as an alternative treatment has been done for multi purposes. In this study diethyl eter, butanol and aqueous extract of Indonesian sponges Aaptos aaptos and Callyspongia pseudoreticulata were tested for in vitro activity against Vibrio spp. and Vibrio harveyi by using disc diffusion method. The result showed that all extracts of Aaptos aaptos gave a positive antibacterial activity towards those pathogenic bacteria. Meanwhile, only butanol extract of Callyspongia pseudoreticulata obtained to exhibit an antibacterial activity on those pathogenic bacteria. The strong anti-vibrio activity were shown by butanol and aqueous extract of Aaptos aaptos with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.313 and 0.625 mg/mL, respectively. Whilst, the butanol extract of Callyspongia pseudoreticulata indicated a low antibacterial activity with the MIC value of 10 mg/mL. Toxicity of those active extracts was evaluated by Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BST). Interestingly, butanol and aqueous extracts of Aaptos aaptos did not show any toxic effect in Artemia salina larvae up to 8 x MIC (2.504 mg/mL and 5.000 mg/mL). It is the first report for the anti-vibr io activity of both Aaptos aaptos and Callyspongia pseudoreticulata. This results suggest that Aaptos aaptos has a potential to be used as a source of alternative compound to vibriosis prevention for mariculture.
GENETIC VARIABILITY OF THREE POPULATIONS OF FLYING FISH, Hirundichthy oxycephalus FROM MAKASSAR STRAIT
Authors: Parenrengi Andi , Tenriulo Andi , Ali Syamsul Alam 
Published: October 2016

Flying fish, Hirundichthy oxycephalus is one of economically important marine species to Indonesia, particularly in Makassar Strait and Flores Sea. However, there is a limited published data on genetic variation in molecular marker level of this species. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was employed in this study to determine the genetic variability of three populations of flying fish collected from Takalar, Pare-Pare, and Majene in Makassar Strait. Genomic DNA was isolated from preserved muscle tissue using phenol-chloroform technique. Two selected arbitrary primers (CA-01 and P-40) were performed to generate RAPD finger printing of flying fish populations. The two primers generated a total of 81 fragments (loci) and 50 polymorphic fragments with size ranging from 125 to 1,250 bp. There were no significant differences in number of fragment and number of polymorphic fragment among populations. The high polymorphism (63.5±7.4%) was obtained from Takalar population followed by Pare-Pare (58.3±19.6%) and Majene population (57.7±0.8%). Similarity index of individuals was 0.60±0.17 for Takalar, 0.63±0.17 for Majene and 0.75±0.21 for Pare-Pare population. Seven fragments were identified as species-specific markers of H. oxycephalus. The UPGMA cluster analysis showed that the Takalar population was genetically closer to Pare-Pare population (D= 0.0812) than to Majene population (D= 0.1873).
NUTRITIVE COMPOSITION OF RED TILAPIA REARED IN FRESHWATER AND BRACKISHWATER
Authors: Dewi Raden Roro Sri Pudji Sinarni , Setyawan Priadi , Tahapari Evi , Robisalmi Adam , Listiyowati Nunuk 
Published: October 2016

The aim of this research was to investigate the nutritive composition (especially fatty acids) in red tilapia that was reared in freshwater and brackishwater. The fatty acid contents were determined by gas chromatography. The fatty acids profile were -3 (linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid/EPA, docosahexaenoic acid/DHA), -6 (linoleic acid, arachidonic acid/AA), and -9 (oleic acid). Red tilapia samples were obtained from Research Institute for Fish Breeding, Sukamandi, West Java (freshwater ponds) and Congot, Yogyakarta (brackishwater ponds; salinity 20 ppt). In this research, red tilapia reared in different ecosystems showed different fatty acid profiles. Red tilapia inhabiting brackishwater ecosystem has EPA (0.26±0.05%), DHA (3.42±0.26%), and linoleic acid (17.20±0.56%) content higher than freshwater ecosystem (EPA = 0%; DHA = 0.67±0.44%; linoleic acid = 9.08±4.76%), except for linolenic acid (0.30±0.15% vs 0.25±0.10%), arachidonic acid (0.77±0.39% vs 0.93±0.13%) and oleic acid (38.67±2.58% vs 37.44±0.74%). The ratio of -6/-3 in red tilapia inhabiting freshwater ecosystem was about 11/1. The culture tilapia in brackishwater ecosystem decrease -6/-3 ratio (4.5:1). So that for human health, it will be better to consume brackishwater red tilapia than freshwater red tilapia.
FATTY ACID COMPOSITION AND PROSTAGLANDIN CONTENT OF THE RED SEAWEED Gracilaria sp. FROM INDONESIA
Authors: Illijas Muhammad Ikbal , Arifuddin Arifuddin , Saleh Luqman , Itabashi Yutaka 
Published: October 2016

High content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids are typical for the red alga. Analysis of fatty acid composition and prostaglandin content was conducted in the red alga Gracilaria sp. from Indonesia. Total lipid of the alga was extracted with CHCl3-MeOH (2:1, v/v). Analysis of the fatty acids composition was performed on gas chromatography (GC) equipped with omega wax column (30 m x 0,32 mm i.d., Supelco, PA, USA) and analysis of prostaglandins were carried out by HPLC on ODS column (Mightysil RP-18 GP, 250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 μm). The content of fatty acids high for were palmitic acid (50%) and arachidonic acid (26.9%), whereas prostaglandin E2 was identified and found lower concentration (44.2 μg/gram total lipid).
STUDY OF VERTEBRAL MORPHOGENESIS OF COBIA LARVAE, (Rachycentron canadum) BY DOUBLE STAINING METHODS
Authors: Nasukha Afifah , Aslianti Titiek , Priyono Agus 
Published: October 2016

Vertebral development is one of the main indicators of organism growth. The aim of this study was to know the vertebral development of cobia Rachycentron canadum in larval stage (20 day post hatch). Vertebral assay was done with double staining methods. The result showed that cobia larvae from 0 dph up to 5 dph did not have cartilage. On 5 dph up to 10 dph had pre cartilage phase composed by calcium and on 10 dph up to 18 dph were cartilage phase and marked with blue color by alcian blue. Vertebral was formed perfectly as bones on 18 dph marked with red color by alizarin red. On 20 dph, cartilage had been fully transformed to bones, and the segment of vertebral was clearly formed. Measurement showed that length of cobia vertebrae was 20.20±3.90 mm, vertebrae segment was 0.91±0.11 mm and number of vertebral segments were between 25-26 segments.
PROPOLIS, THE ALTERNATIVE NATURAL MATERIAL FOR SEX REVERSAL IN TILAPIA
Authors: Ariyanto Didik , Robisalmi Adam , Larasati Alien Karlina 
Published: October 2016

Growth of tilapia male is better than female. Practically, cultured of all male population are more efficient than that of mixed sex population. Sex reversal with 17-methyltestosterone hormone is the most popular technique to make all or nearly all male tilapia. But, alternative substitution materials for sex reversal must be found due to limited application of this synthetic hormone that caused of its carcinogenic potential on human body. Besides that, 17-methyltestosterones are also suspected as the unfriendly material for environment. Several early studies were conducted to find the alternative materials for sex reversal in tilapia. One of the highly potential material found is aromatase inhibitors, the materials which are function to inhibit the secretion of aromatase, the catalyst enzyme in the bio-synthetic of estrogen from androgen. Due to the chemical characteristic materials and relatively high price of aromatase inhibitor, we tried to find the natural material which has similar composition or function to that compound. One of the natural suspected materials which has similar function with aromatase inhibitors is propolis. Chrysin as apart of flavonoid compound found in the propolis shows the most potent inhibitors of aromatase. Early study showed that application of propolis up to 3 mL.kg-1 of feed resulted the highest percentage of male in tilapia. Based on that study, the optimum dosage of propolis for sex reverse of the tilapia has not been known. This study was conducted to know the optimum dosage of a commercial propolis for sex reversal in tilapia, especially in NIFI red tilapia. The dosages proposed in this study were 3, 4, 5 and 6 mL propolis.kg-1 of feed. Sex reversal was carried out in aquarium for 35 days. Rearing of fingerling fish for 2 months was conducted in hapas suspended in earthen pond. The result showed that application of 5 mL propolis.kg-1 of feed resulted the highest proportion of male, which up to 76.67%. Application of all propolis dosages in this study did not affect to the survival rate and the abnormality of fish.
REPRODUCTIVE ASPECTS OF CULTURED HUMPBACK GROUPER (Cromileptes altivelis) FOR SUPPORTING SEED PRODUCTION
Authors: Sembiring Sari Budi Moria , Hutapea John Harianto , Muzaki Ahmad , Wardana Ida Komang , Astuti Ni Wayan Widya , Andamari Retno 
Published: October 2016

Humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) has been successfully spawned in 2000 by IMRAD (Institute of Mariculture Research and Development) and there are already the third generation (F3) currently. The reproductive aspects need to be studied to support the success of seed production. Humpback grouper reared in floating cage (F1 and F3) had matured (gonad stage 4) while F2 fish reared in concrete tanks has spawned. Gonadal maturity stage of 38 fishes from first generation (F1) and 35 fishes from the third generation were observed in June 2013 and compared to gonadal maturity stage of 18 fishes from the second generation observed in June 2009. Samples were measured in total length and body weight and gonads were taken for histology preparation to determine gonadal maturity stage and the sex. From the histological observation of the gonads, it showed that all female humpback grouper were in early maturity stage (stage I and II) with gonadal maturity index between 0.12% and 5.45%. Further, it was observed that the same gonad was found in different maturity stage and concluded that humpback groupers were multiple spawners (asynchronous). By determining gonadal maturity level, it was also known the minimum size for grouper ready to spawn.
ANALYSIS OF IMMUNE RESPONSES ON TRANSGENIC TIGER SHRIMP (Penaeus monodon) AGAINST PATHOGENIC BACTERIUM Vibrio harveyi
Authors: Parenrengi Andi , Tampangallo Bunga Rante , Tenriulo Andi 
Published: October 2016

Vibriosis is one of main diseases of the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon infected by pathogenic bioluminous bacterium Vibrio harveyi that can cause mass mortalities in shrimp culture. The bacteria can also trigger the disease white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). An effort to produce shrimp disease-resistant strains has been done through transgenesis technology with antiviral gene transfection. By this technology, it is expected an increase in the immune response of shrimp in a variety of diseasecausing pathogens. This study aimed to determine the immune responses (total haemocytes, haemocyte differentiation, and phenoloxydase activity) of transgenic tiger shrimp against pathogenic bacterium V. harveyi. Research using completely randomized design, which consists of two treatments and three replications. Test animals being used were transgenic and non-transgenic shrimp with size, weight 3.93±1.25 g and a total length of 7.59±0.87 cm. Treatments being tested were the injection of bacterium V. harveyi (density of 5x106 cfu/mL) of 0.1 mL/individual on transgenic (A) and non-transgenic shrimp (B). Immune response parameters such as total haemocytes, haemocyte differentiation, and phenoloxydase activity were observed on day 1, 3, and 6 days after challenging. Data were analyzed using t-test by SPSS software. The results showed that the total haemocyte of transgenic shrimp was not significantly different (P>0.05) from non-transgenic shrimp, but haemocyte differentiation and phenoloxydase activity were significantly different (P<0.05) especially on sixth days after being exposed to the bioluminescent bacteria. The study results implied that transgenic shrimp has a better immune response compared than non-transgenic shrimp.
DEVELOPMENT OF PRIMARY CELL CULTURE FROM TAIL EPIDERMAL TISSUE OF KOI CARP (Cyprinus carpio koi)
Authors: Gardenia Lila , Koesharyani Isti 
Published: October 2016

Primary cell culture from tail epidermal tissue of koi carp (Cyprinus carpio koi) was developed. Cells were grown in Leibovits-15 medium supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum and antibiotics (Penicillin/Streptomycin and Kanamycin). Cell growth was observed in a range of incubation temperature (17oC±2oC, 22oC±2oC, 27oC±2oC, and 32oC±2oC) in order to determine the optimum temperature. The cells were able to grow at a range of temperature between 17oC to 32oC with optimal growth at 22oC. Primary cells infected with koi herpes virus produced typical cytopathic effects characterized by severe vacuolation and deformation of nuclei, which is consistent with those of previous reports. Artificial injection experiment by using supernatant koi herpes virus SKBM-1 isolate revealed that it could cause 90% mortality in infected fish within two weeks. PCR test with Sph I-5 specific primers carried out with DNA template from supernatant virus, pellet cell, and gills of infected fish showed positive results in all samples (molecular weight of DNA target 290 bp). The cells were found to be susceptible to koi herpes virus and can be used for virus propagation.
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN WET AND DRY WEIGHT OF INTESTINE AND BODY WITHOUT INTESTINE OF SEA CUCUMBER (Holothuria scabra)
Authors: Indriana Lisa Fajar , Kunzmann Andreas 
Published: October 2016

Holothuria scabra is a commercial tropical sea cucumber species, which has been exploited severely in recent years. This study was conducted at the Mataram Marine Bio Industry Technical Implementation Unit for 20 days aiming to determine the relationship between wet and dry weight of sea cucumbers with and without colon. Results of regression analysis between wet and dry weight show a significant positive correlation. The relationship between wet and dry weight without the colon is y = 0.1685x – 0.2319 (R2 = 0.9236) whereas the wet and dry wet of the intestine is y = 0.075x + 0033 (R2 = 0.791).
ISOLATION AND GROWTH OF DINOFLAGELLATE, Scrippsiella sp. AND DIATOM, Melosira cf. moniliformis IN CONTROLLED CONDITIONS
Authors: Iba Wa 
Published: October 2016

The growth of the dinoflagellate, Scrippsiella sp. from Narragansett Bay, USA and the chain-forming benthic diatom, Melosira cf. moniliformis from Kendari Bay, Indonesia was evaluated under optimized laboratory conditions to investigate potential new candidates for shrimp aquaculture hatchery feeds. Isolation of microalgae was performed using capillary pipets in f/8-Si for Scrippsiella sp. and f/2 for M. cf. moniliformis. Isolated cells were placed in an incubator with a photoperiod of 12:12 hour (light : dark cycle), at light intensities of 62-89 μmol photons.m-2.s and at temperature of 20oC. Microalgae cells were cultured in 150-mL Erlenmeyer flasks containing 100 mL of f/2-Si medium for Scrippsiella spin triplicates and in 50-mL culture tubes containing 20 mL of f/2 medium for M. cf. moniliformis in four replicates. The cells in culture flasks were used in cell counting experiments while those in tubes were for fluorometer trials. Growth evaluation was conducted every 2-3 days. The diatom, M. cf. moniliformis was in logarithmic phase when observed at 2 to 7 days after inoculation and showed a high growth rate (μ = 0.52 day-1) and high division rate (k = 0.76 day-1, 1 division every 1.3 days). Logarithmic phase of Scrippsiella in culture flasks was started on day 7 to 30 (μ = 0.17 day-1 and k = 0.25 day-1 or 1 division every 4 days). In culture tubes, Scrippsiella sp. reached logarithmic phase at day 21 to 47 (μ = 0.12 day-1 and k = 0.18 day-1, 1 division every 5.65 days). This study indicates that M. cf. moniliformis can be used for aquaculture hatcheries feed but further study for the nutrition composition is needed. Scrippsiella sp. is potentially toxic for aquaculture at high densities, therefore they should be assessed carefully if used for aquaculture feeds.
THE ROLE OF MACROBENTHIC COMMUNITIES AS AN INDICATOR FOR THE FERTILITY OF MANGROVE POND: CASE STUDY AT BLANAKAN, SUBANG, WEST JAVA
Authors: Haryadi Joni , Hadiyanto Hadiyanto , Patria Mufti Petala 
Published: October 2016

Macrobenthic in mangrove ecosystems plays an important role as removal particles from the water column to the sediments. Ecology indexes of macrobenthic communities were used in this study as an indicator for the fertility of mangrove pond ecosystems. The study was carried out at mangrove pond in Blanakan, West Java. Data was collected from four sampling sites: opened pond (TB), sylvofishery pond (TS), sedimented pond (TT), and conservation pond (TP). Some ecological indexes such as Margalef’s Index (R), Shannon-Wiener Index (H’), Pielou Evenness Index (E), and Simpson Dominance Index (D) were used to analyze macrobenthic communities. The results showed that infaunal macrobenthic communities were stable at TP with R: 1.91±0.42, H’: 1.59±0.30, E: 0.74±0.14, and D: 0.29±0.12. They were unstable at TB with R: 1.63±0.80, H’: 1.36±0.32, E: 0.74±0.06, and D: 0.35±0.07. The macrobenthic communities can be used as indicator for the fertility of mangrove pond in Blanakan, West Java.
THE USE OF SEAWORM MEAL IN MATURATION DIET AS PARTIAL SUBSTITUTION OF FRESH DIET FOR POND REARED TIGER SHRIMP BROODSTOCK
Authors: Laining Asda , Usman Usman , Syah Rachman 
Published: October 2016

The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of using seaworm meal in artificial diet as partial substitution of freshfeed for maturation of tiger shrimp. This experiment started by growing-out tiger shrimp with initial weight around 60 g for four months until reaching maturation phase where shrimp weight were over 90 g for female. Tiger shrimp was selected and stocked into 10 ton concrete tank with stocking density of 50 shrimps with ratio of female : male of 1:1. Dietary treatments were different levels of seaworm meal at 0% (SW0), 10% (SW10) and 20% (SW20). SW0 was positive control without seaworm meal but breeder was fed with frozen seaworm. Test diets were fed as a combination of 60% test pellet and 40% fresh feed. Artificial insemination was carried out for all females before ablation to obtain fertile eggs. Results showed that after ablation, number of female matured was highest in group fed SW10 (13 breeders) and the lowest in female fed control group (7 breeders). Number of female spawned was also highest in female fed SW10 and the lowest was in positive control. Fecundity was very low in all treatments ranged from 12,000-79,700 eggs/spawn. Even though female bearing spermatophore through insemination, number of spawning hatched was very low, only three spawned in each of SW0 and SW10 and two spawned in SW20. Based on number of breeders matured and spawning rate, breeder fed with SW10 gave better performance than other two diets. Technique of artificial insemination needs to be improved to increase the number of fertile eggs.
THE EFFECT OF PROBIOTIC ON IMMUNITY IMPROVEMENT IN THE FRY AND SPAWNER PRODUCTION OF PACIFIC WHITE SHRIMP Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Haryanti Haryanti , Muzaki Ahmad , Sembiring Sari Budi Moria , Fahrudin Fahrudin , Permana I Gusti Ngurah , Wardana Ida Komang 
Published: October 2016

In order to improve immune system of Pacific white shrimp L. vannamei from any kinds of diseases, various probiotic agents were tested such as Bacillus sp. BC, Alteromonas sp. BY-9 and mixed of both. The probiotics were cultured and added directly to the larval rearing tank (106 cfu/mL equal to 0.5 liter/m3) up to PL-12. In cultured shrimp spawners, probiotic was mixed with feed coated with chitosan, and without adding probiotic as control. In the present experiment, shrimp fry and spawners were reared in tank capacity of 5 m3 and 8 m3. Immunity response was analyzed by quantitative value of the immunity related gene expression with RTqPCR. The results showed that survival rate of shrimp fry cultured with mixed probiotic was 63.16% (PL-8) and 53.46% (PL-12), while control 13.35% (PL-8) and 12.48% (PL-12) respectively. The number of shrimp hemocytes starting from 420 to 530.5 x 104 cells/mL and after challenged with WSSV (for 72 hrs exposure) between two treatments of Alteromonas sp. BY-9 and Bacillus cereus BC was not significantly different P>0.05 (402.5 and 432.5 x 104 cells/mL), while in mixed probiotic and control treatments were 391.75 and 229.0 x 104 cells/mL, respectively. The analysis of immunity gene expression revealed that the use of probiotic from larval stages up to spawner has been proved in increasing immunity responses quantified from ProPO activating system (prophenoloxidase/proPO) as much as 1.6-2.0 fold, clotting system (transglutaminase, clotting protein) of 1.5-2 fold, Antimicrobial Peptide System (anti-LPS factor, crustin, lysozyme, penaiedin2) of 1.5-2.8 fold, and Antioxidant defense mechanism (superoxidase dismutase/SOD, glutathione peroxidase/GPx) of 1.8-2.0 fold compared to control.