bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water Accompanying Hydrocarbon Deposits as a Potential Source of Iodine, Lithium and Strontium
Authors: Uliasz-Misiak Barbara 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Oil and natural gas fields are accompanied by formation waters, usually highly mineralized brines containing a variety of trace elements. Analyses carried out in various sedimentary basins around the world indicate that these waters are often enriched in elements such as iodine, lithium and strontium. Currently, these micronutrients are finding increasing application in the production of lithium-ion batteries and lithium batteries (lithium) and in the pharmaceutical, medical and pharmaceutical industry (iodine). Due to the development of production of LCD displays and batteries (e.g. for electric cars), the expected increase in demand for iodine and lithium is 2% and 1.5%, respectively.
The reserves of these elements are limited and unevenly distributed. Iodine is currently produced in the three countries: Chile (65% of the world production), Japan and the US. Lithium is produced in Argentina, Australia and Chile, while strontium is produced in China (50% of the global production), Spain and Mexico. Iodine, lithium and strontium are not produced in Poland and the total demand is met by imports.
Brines with high iodine content, occurring in the hydrocarbon deposits, have been found in oil basins in the United States, Canada and Germany. In the United States, this element is recovered from formation water. Lithium found in numerous formation waters in the US, Canada, Japan and Germany has not yet been recovered, while the construction of the pilot plant in Canada is underway. The increased strontium content has been found in waters accompanying hydrocarbon deposits in North America and China. However, strontium has not yet been recovered from the aforementioned deposits.
In Poland, the question of possible use of chemical elements dissolved in reservoir brines, with the exception of iodine, has not yet been studied. The above mentioned element (iodine) was recovered from brines in the area of Bochnia (Carpathian Foredeep), the only geological unit where an analysis of iodine content in the formation waters has been carried out in the recent years. The lithium and strontium content in the formation waters, as well as the question of their possible use, have not yet been studied.
A guide on how to build a novel home-made part task training simulator for cervical cerclage training
Authors: Sahbaz Ahmet , Aynioglu Oner , Isik Hatice 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCervical cerclage is a experience demanding procedure and which is difficult for most of the residents and maternal fetal medicine fellows to have the first experience on real patients. In this study we presented an in-expensive and easy to build model for cervical cerclage training.
New records of Cuniculus paca (Rodentia: Cuniculidae) in a temperate grassland dominated landscape of the Pampa region of Brazil and Uruguay
Authors: Leuchtenberger Caroline , Tirelli Flávia Pereira , Mazim Fabio Dias , Peters Felipe Bortolotto , de Oliveira Êmila Silveira , Cariolatto Letícia , Queirolo Diego 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Cuniculus paca is considered locally threatened in some parts of its range mainly because of hunting pressure and habitat loss. The species is widely distributed in South and Central America. Agouti’s distribution in Brazil is broad, although there is no information on its occurrence in the Northeast region and in the western part of Rio Grande do Sul state. The species presents a marginal distribution in northeastern Uruguay. Here, we describe 16 new records of the species in the Pampa region, including the western part of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil and Uruguay, expanding the C. paca known distribution.
Constraint Embedding for Vehicle Suspension Dynamics
Authors: Jain Abhinandan , Kuo Calvin , Jayakumar Paramsothy , Cameron Jonathan 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The goal of this research is to achieve close to real-time dynamics performance for allowing auto-pilot in-the-loop testing of unmanned ground vehicles (UGV) for urban as well as off-road scenarios. The overall vehicle dynamics performance is governed by the multibody dynamics model for the vehicle, the wheel/terrain interaction dynamics and the onboard control system. The topic of this paper is the development of computationally efficient and accurate dynamics model for ground vehicles with complex suspension dynamics. A challenge is that typical vehicle suspensions involve closed-chain loops which require expensive DAE integration techniques. In this paper, we illustrate the use the alternative constraint embedding technique to reduce the cost and improve the accuracy of the dynamics model for the vehicle.
Using the Generalized Inverted Pendulum to Generate Less Energy-Consuming Trajectories for Humanoid Walking
Authors: Omran Sahab , Sakka Sophie , Aoustin Yannick 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis paper proposes an analysis of the effect of vertical position of the pivot point of the inverted pendulum during humanoid walking. We introduce a new feature of the inverted pendulum by taking a pivot point under the ground level allowing a natural trajectory for the center of pressure (CoP), like in human walking. The influence of the vertical position of the pivot point on energy consumption is analyzed here. The evaluation of a 3D Walking gait is based on the energy consumption. A sthenic criterion is used to depict this evaluation. A consequent reduction of joint torques is shown with a pivot point under the ground.
Direct Strut-and-Tie Model for Reinforced Concrete Bridge Pier Cap
Authors: Hemant Kumar Vinayak , Sivaa Senthil N.A.K , Pradeep Kumar T V 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
A simple and direct Strut-and-Tie Model (STM) is proposed here to predict the ultimate shear strength of the reinforced concrete bridge pier cap for shear span to depth ratio of 0.4 to 2.4. The model is based on the Kupfer-Gerstle Biaxial Compression-Tension failure criterion which includes the concrete softening effect produced by the presence of transverse tensile stress. The earlier models consider the stress distribution factor for the varied stress distribution across the section by assuming it as linear function which is derived by satisfying equilibrium conditions. In this study the principal stresses have been evaluated by satisfying the compatibility condition at the time of impending failure which has been accounted for the effective area of concrete resisting tension. Also the softening effect has been included by using the formula for tensile strength of cracked concrete proposed by Belarbi and Hsu. The proposed model has been validated with 43 experimental results by author and from literature which confirm the coherency and conservativeness of the predicted results. The parametric study on ultimate shear strength is done so as to infer the relation between various abstract quantities such as compressive strain, shear capacity, span depth ratio and other material properties and get a deeper insight into the behavior of the Pier cap. Thus this paper tries to extend the practical application of Strut-and-Tie Model for reinforced concrete bridge pier cap in understanding the actual behavior of the structure on various dimensional and material parameters.
Determination of Zenith Tropospheric Delay and Precipitable Water Vapor using GPS Technology
Authors: Nistor Sorin , Buda Aurelian Stelian 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In order to be able to be process GPS data, the GPS signal it has to pass the entire terrestrial atmosphere – both neutral atmosphere and ionosphere – which may cause an alteration of the GPS receiver to perform, resulting in large errors in the final position estimate. The dual frequency GPS receivers are affected by the influence of the atmosphere, especially by the troposphere. To estimate the delay caused by the troposphere and to obtain a high degree of accuracy, mapping function has to be used in the estimation process, which opens the door for remote sensing the atmosphere.
Because the wet component from the hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic part, is only 10% of the total neutral atmospheric part, its influence is considerate significant in the application of high-precision positioning in which GPS receivers are employed. The article presents the determination of the precipitable water vapor using relative using four permanent GPS stations. The estimation were done by using the Global Mapping Function - GMF and the apriori pressure and temperature from the GPT2 model.
The Influence of the Track Axis Curvature at Railway Filler-Beam Deck Bridges
Authors: Răzvan Marian Stănescu 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The article presents a comparative study between the simplified method calculation proposed by the prescriptions of design codes and the analysis with the FEM program LUSAS [1], regarding the influence of the curvature of the track axis at railway bridges with steel beams embedded in concrete.
The study was made on three simply supported bridges with the openings chosen so as to cover the openings used for this constructive solution, namely 10m ≤L≤30m. For each analysed opening the curve radius of the track axis was varied, in the domain in which are representative as effects, namely 100m ≤R≤1500m. In the case of Lusas FEM analysis, a physically nonlinear analysis it was previously carried out, after which the cracked concrete was removed, as its participation in the structural stiffness is practically non-existent.
Studying the outcomes revealed by the two calculations presented, it can be concluded that the simplified method proposed by the design codes leads to a overvaluation of the track axis curvature influence at the railway filler-beam deck bridges.
Methodological Aspects of Qualitative-Quantitative Analysis of Decision-Making Processes
Authors: Gawlik Remigiusz 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The paper aims at recognizing the possibilities and perspectives of application of qualitative-quantitative research methodology in the field of economics, with a special focus on production engineering management processes. The main goal of the research is to define the methods that would extend the research apparatus of economists and managers by tools that allow the inclusion of qualitative determinants into quantitative analysis. Such approach is justified by qualitative character of many determinants of economic occurrences. At the same time quantitative approach seems to be predominant in production engineering management, although methods of transposition of qualitative decision criteria can be found in literature. Nevertheless, international economics and management could profit from a mixed methodology, incorporating both types of determinants into joint decision-making models. The research methodology consists of literature review and own analysis of applicability of mixed qualitative-quantitative methods for managerial decision-making. The expected outcome of the research is to find which methods should be applied to include qualitative-quantitative analysis into multicriteria decision-making models in the fields of economics, with a special regard to production engineering management.
The Optimal Sequence of Production Orders, Taking into Account the Cost of Delays
Authors: Dylewski Robert , Jardzioch Andrzej , Krebs Irene 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In flexible manufacturing systems the most important element in determining the proper course of technological processes, transport and storage is the control and planning subsystem. The key planning task is to determine the optimal sequence of production orders. This paper proposes a new method of determining the optimal sequence of production orders in view of the sum of the costs related to the delayed execution of orders. It takes into account the different unit costs of delays of individual orders and the amount of allowable delays of orders involving no delay costs. The optimum sequence of orders, in the single-machine problem, in view of the sum of the costs of delays may be significantly different from the optimal order, taking into account the sum of delay times.
Synthesis of Petri Net based Model of a Discrete Event Manufacturing System for Nonlinear Process Plan
Authors: Słota Adam , Zając Jerzy , Uthayakumar Marimuthu 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This work presents a modelling approach for nonlinear process plan (NLPP) implementation in discrete event manufacturing system (DEMS). NLPP is used for the building of the modular structure of an Object Observable Petri Net model of DEMS. The general capabilities of DEMS are defined by resources’ operation templates and the transition incidence relation. Based on system specification and NLPP executed in the system, the modular model of DEMS is defined. The required steps for constructing a modular model through the integration of resource models are presented. The proposed approach to modular modelling is illustrated by means of a sample DEMS and an example of NLPP.
Prevalence and risk factors of electronic cigarette use among adolescents: Data from four Swedish municipalities
Authors: Geidne Susanna , Beckman Linda , Edvardsson Ingrid , Hulldin Johanna 
Published: June 2016

Aims To assess the prevalence rates and risk factors of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use, with special focus on e-cigarettes containing nicotine, among grade 9 students (aged 15–16 years) in four different municipalities in Sweden. Methods A cross-sectional sample of 665 adolescents was collected in April 2014. The data was analysed using binary logistic regression analysis. Results The results show that 26% of adolescents in this study have smoked e-cigarettes (have ever used), while 19% have smoked e-cigarettes with nicotine or do not know whether or not they contained nicotine. The strongest risk factor for ever having used e-cigarettes (any type or with nicotine) was smoking conventional cigarettes. Having tried cigarettes and having tried snus, as well as using or having used alcohol and having smoked a water pipe were also statistically significant risk factors for ever use of any type of e-cigarettes but not for use of e-cigarettes with nicotine. There was no gender difference. Conclusions Our result show that the use of e-cigarettes tends to cluster with the use of other substances, such as other tobacco products and alcohol. As a relatively large share of the participating adolescents, more than a fourth, had smoked e-cigarettes, this rather new phenomenon requires monitoring as a part of the tobacco control.
The same old story? Continuity and change in Swedish print media constructions of cannabis
Authors: Månsson Josefin 
Published: June 2016

Aims The purpose of the study is to describe and analyse how cannabis is constructed in Swedish print media and if this has changed over time. Sweden is known for its prohibitionist cannabis policy, but this approach seems increasingly challenged on both international and domestic arenas. It is therefore important to see if and how this international change is mirrored and processed in a key arena such as print media. Methods Newspaper material from two years, 2002 and 2012, was included to analyse continuity and change. The theoretical backdrop for the study is social constructionism, and methodological concepts such as discourse and subject positions from discourse theory were used to investigate how cannabis and cannabis problems are constructed. Results The analysis showed that print media in both years seem to draw mainly on a juridical, a social problems and a medical discourse when portraying cannabis. It is through these discourses that some subject positions become relevant as users (e.g. youth) and as experts (e.g. police). Despite a strong continuity in these cannabis constructions, the analysis also shows signs of change. For example, in 2012 there are articles drawing on economic and recreational discourses, and there is a global outlook enabling new cannabis constructions. Conclusion The Swedish print media generally has a crime-centred and deterrent approach towards cannabis, with prohibition at the heart of the reporting. International events do however introduce discursive alternatives in 2012. It remains to be seen if these new ways of writing about cannabis will strengthen or challenge prohibitionist constructions.
Heart Tumors in 33 Fetuses - Review of Twenty-Two Years of the Single-Centre Experience
Authors: Więckowska Katarzyna , Piątek Katarzyna , Respondek-Liberska Maria 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Cardiac tumors (CT) have been diagnosed since the eighties of the last century. The three most commonly diagnosed types of CT are rhabdomyomas, teratomas and fibromas. Severe fetal disturbances, such as arrythmias, fetal hydrops, ventricular obstructions, may be associated with the heart tumor.
AIM OF THE STUDY: To present the key role of the echocardiographic examination in the perinatal care and to present some demographic changes in this population of the youngest patients.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: From the Filemaker database of the Department for Diagnosis and Prevention of Congenital Malformations, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital & Medical University of Lodz, all cases with prenatal diagnoses of cardiac tumor in singleton pregnancy were compiled over a 22-year period (1993–2015). 33 cases of heart tumors in fetuses had 72 fetal echo examinations. The average number of cases per year was 1,5 (range 1 – 5). The retrospective analysis of the material was performed using the Statistica package. The analysis included the assessment of the cardiovascular condition defined by Cardiovascular Profile Score, location and number of tumors; age, past obstetric history, place of residence of the mother, type of delivery and neonatal follow-up.
RESULTS: The number of fetuses with cardiac tumor cases did not increase during this period. The maternal age was 28,1 years (± 5,2 years) and was decreasing over time. The primigravidae constituted 60% of examined population. The history of past miscarriages was observed in 26% of women. The majority of tumors were detected and diagnosed in the third trimester – at mean 29,6 hbd, but the diagnosis was made earlier in the past decades (regression analysis, p=0,042). The average duration of pregnancy was 36,6 hbd (range: 27-42 hbd). There was no statistical difference between decades in term on pregnancy duration.
The cardiac tumors were more frequent in the female fetuses (71,4% to 28,6%; X2 test; p=0,006). The proportions between the groups of single and multiple tumors changed in last five years – currently the multiple tumors are more frequent (87,5%). The mortality in the group of single tumors was twice as high as in the group of multiple tumors. The percentage of cesarean sections between 1993 and 2005 was 67% and between 2006 and 2015 was 75% (p=0,63). The mortality of neonates with cardiac tumors declined over the period taken into account.
CONCLUSIONS: The perinatal care of the fetuses with cardiac tumors improved over last 20 years. The characteristics of analyzed population had shown that fetal CTs affected healthy, young mothers, more often primigravidae, more often female fetuses. The prevalence of CTs did not increase over time. The gestational age at the time of the diagnosis decreased, thus the period of fetal echo monitoring increased. However, the rate of cesarean sections also increased, which requires further studies and explanations.
Nautical electronic maps of S-411 standard and their suitability in navigation for assessment of ice cover condition of the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Pastusiak Tadeusz 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The research on the ice cover of waterways, rivers, lakes, seas and oceans by satellite remote sensing methods began at the end of the twentieth century. There was a lot of data sources in diverse file formats. It has not yet carried out a comparative assessment of their usefulness. A synthetic indicator of the quality of data sources binding maps resolution, file publication, time delay and the functionality for the user was developed in the research process. It reflects well a usefulness of maps and allows to compare them. Qualitative differences of map content have relatively little impact on the overall assessment of the data sources. Resolution of map is generally acceptable. Actuality has the greatest impact on the map content quality for the current vessel’s voyage planning in ice.
The highest quality of all studied sources have the regional maps in GIF format issued by the NWS / NOAA, general maps of the Arctic Ocean in NetCDF format issued by the OSI SAF and the general maps of the Arctic Ocean in GRIB-2 format issued by the NCEP / NOAA. Among them are maps containing information on the quality of presented parameter. The leader among the map containing all three of the basic characteristics of ice cover (ice concentration, ice thickness and ice floe size) are vector maps in GML format. They are the new standard of electronic vector maps for the navigation of ships in ice.
Publishing of ice cover maps in the standard electronic map format S-411 for navigation of vessels in ice adopted by the International Hydrographic Organization is advisable in case is planned to launch commercial navigation on the lagoons, rivers and canals. The wide availability of and exchange of information on the state of ice cover on rivers, lakes, estuaries and bays, which are used exclusively for water sports, ice sports and ice fishing is possible using handheld mobile phones, smartphones and tablets.
Visual features of cartographic representation in map perception
Authors: Żyszkowska Wiesława 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The author describes the properties and mechanisms of visual perception in the context of their significance to the principles of symbol design as used in cartography. Map perception relies on the process of visual perception. Therefore, the knowledge of its inner workings in the map environment allows cartographers to construct cartographic symbols in agreement with the properties of the visual system.
Visual perception involves neurosensory processes taking place between the eye and the short-term memory. As such, they operate independently of the beholder’s consciousness and significantly influence the information received by the map user. The author discusses the mechanisms of human vision and the nature of the process of visual perception. It also shows the relationships between the image characteristic and the visual system’s properties such as the optical resolution, visual adaptation, reactions of inhibition and reinforcement, reactions to the image characteristics – as well as the phenomena of contrast, grouping and spatial arrangement.
The principles of constructing map symbols that have been developed in the long course of cartography, and based mostly on the map makers’ intuition, find validation in the light of properties and mechanisms of visual perception. As discussed in the paper, the fundamental properties and basic mechanisms of human vision support the view that knowledge of how the visual system works provides foundation for articulating new mapping guidelines and cartographers’ calls for stricter observance of cartographic principles are fully justified.