bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ICRF‐193, an anticancer topoisomerase II inhibitor, induces arched telophase spindles that snap, leading to a ploidy increase in fission yeast
Authors: Nakazawa Norihiko , Mehrotra Rajesh , Arakawa Orie , Yanagida Mitsuhiro 
Published: July 2016

ICRF‐193 [meso‐4,4‐(2,3‐butanediyl)‐bis(2,6‐piperazinedione)] is a complex‐stabilizing inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase II (topo II) that is used as an effective anticancer drug. ICRF‐193 inhibits topo II catalytic activity in vitro and blocks nuclear division in vivo. Here, we examined the effects of ICRF‐193 treatment on chromatin behavior and spindle dynamics using detailed live mitotic cell analysis in the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Time‐lapse movie analysis showed that ICRF‐193 treatment leads to an elongation of presumed chromatin fibers connected to kinetochores during mid‐mitosis. Anaphase spindles begin to arch, and eventually spindle poles come together abruptly, as if the spindle snapped at the point of spindle microtubule overlap in telophase. Segregating chromosomes appeared as elastic clumps and subsequently pulled back and merged. The snapped spindle phenotype was abolished by microtubule destabilization after thiabendazole treatment, accompanied by unequal chromosome segregation or severe defects in spindle extension. Thus, we conclude that ICRF‐193‐treated, unseparated sister chromatids pulling toward opposite spindle poles produce the arched and snapped telophase spindle. ICRF‐193 treatment increased DNA content, suggesting that the failure of sister chromatids to separate properly in anaphase, causes the spindle to break in telophase, resulting in polyploidization.
Haemarthrosis model in mice: BSS – Bleeding Severity Score assessment system
Authors: Hakobyan N. , Valentino L. A. , Cong L. , Enockson C. , Song X. Q. , Desai S. , Radtke R. , Fogg L. F. 
Published: July 2016

IntroductionThe prophylactic administration of clotting factor concentrate is currently the most effective strategy for the prevention of joint bleeding. As new agents with different mechanisms of action and administration schedules are developed, it will be important to study them in relevant preclinical models.AimThe aim of this study was the standardization of a mouse haemarthrosis model in a haemophilia mouse and the development and validation of a comprehensive bleeding assessment system, the Bleeding Severity Score (BSS).Methods and ResultsFour outcome measurements were assessed, two of which, the extra‐articular bleeding score and intra‐articular bleeding score, were determined to be the most reliable and were summarized into a BSS which was validated using a mouse haemarthrosis variability model.ConclusionUsing this model, the haemostatic effect of prospective drugs can be assessed in a clinically relevant joint bleeding model and will significantly increase the value of preclinical studies.
Microencapsulation of Lactobacillus SP. Using Chitosan‐Alginate‐Xanthan Gum‐β‐Cyclodextrin and Characterization of its Cholesterol Reducing Potential and Resistance Against pH, Temperature and Storage
Authors: Fareez Ismail M. , Lim Siong Meng , Lim Fei Tieng , Mishra Rakesh K. , Ramasamy Kalavathy 
Published: July 2016

AbstractProbiotics are increasingly recognized for their cholesterol removal ability. Their vulnerability to harsh environmental factors during gastrointestinal transit and industrial processing remains a major challenge. This study addressed these issues by immobilizing Lactobacillus plantarum LAB12 within polymeric matrix comprised of sodium alginate (NaAlg), xanthan gum (XG) and chitosan (Ch) coating, with supplementation of β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD), another potential cholesterol reducing agent. LAB12 encapsulated in Alg‐XG‐β‐CD‐Ch exhibited excellent survivability (∼95%) at pH 1.8 with facilitated release (>9 log CFU/g) at pH 6.8. While minimizing the loss of viable microencapsulated LAB12 at 75 and 90°C, the microcapsules yielded viable counts >7 log CFU/g over a 4‐week storage at 4°C. Cholesterol lowering effects of β‐CD supplemented beads and LAB12 against total cholesterol from egg yolk were also studied. These findings implied the potential use of Alg‐XG‐β‐CD‐Ch as protective micro‐transport for probiotics and additional means of cholesterol reduction.Practical ApplicationsThe Alg‐XG‐β‐CD‐Ch beads yielded in this study exhibited characteristics of an ideal probiotic vehicle whereby they enhanced protection of free lactic acid bacteria (LAB) against harsh environments, facilitated targeted‐cell release and conferred health benefits to the host upon consumption. The technical applications of this formulation include its use as heat‐ and pH‐stable polymeric beads that carry L. plantarum LAB12 (the LAB model). The beads are acid tolerant (pH 1.8) under gastric conditions with the capability of targeted release at the large intestine (pH 6.8). In addition, it is also heat resistant, enabling microorganisms to survive at high temperature of up to 90°C (essential during product manufacturing). The bound β‐CD within the formulation is also able to enhance the cholesterol reducing ability of the LAB. Alg‐XG‐β‐CD‐Ch have successfully widen the applications of probiotics especially in health, food and agro industries.
Early development of the malleus and incus in humans
Authors: Burford Charlotte M. , Mason Matthew J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIt is widely accepted by developmental biologists that the malleus and incus of the mammalian middle ear are first pharyngeal arch derivatives, a contention based originally on classical embryology that has now been backed up by molecular evidence from rodent models. However, it has been claimed in several studies of human ossicular development that the manubrium of the malleus and long process of the incus are actually derived from the second arch. This ‘dual‐arch’ interpretation is commonly presented in otolaryngology textbooks, and it has been used by clinicians to explain the aetiology of certain congenital abnormalities of the human middle ear. In order to re‐examine the origins of the human malleus and incus, we made three‐dimensional reconstructions of the pharyngeal region of human embryos from 7 to 28 mm crown–rump length, based on serial histological sections from the Boyd Collection. We considered the positions of the developing ossicles relative to the pharyngeal pouches and clefts, and the facial and chorda tympani nerves. Confirming observations from previous studies, the primary union between first pharyngeal pouch and first cleft found in our youngest specimens was later lost, the external meatus developing rostroventral to this position. The mesenchyme of the first and second arches in these early embryos seemed to be continuous, but the boundaries of the developing ossicles proved to be very hard to determine at this stage. When first distinguishable, the indications were that both the manubrium of the malleus and the long process of the incus were emerging within the first pharyngeal arch. We therefore conclude that the histological evidence, on balance, favours the ‘classical’ notion that the human malleus and incus are first‐arch structures. The embryological basis of congenital ossicular abnormalities should be reconsidered in this light.
Bottle milk feeding and its association with food group consumption, growth and socio‐demographic characteristics in Chinese young children
Authors: Yeung Suey , Chan Ruth , Li Liz , Leung Shirley , Woo Jean 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIt is recommended that infants from the age of 12 months should be weaned from bottles. However, an overwhelming proportion of young children were still using bottle after the recommended age of bottle‐weaning. This cross‐sectional study examined the association between utensils for milk drinking and food group consumption, growth and socio‐demographic characteristics among young children. Data from the Survey of Infant and Young Child Feeding in Hong Kong were analyzed for 649 children aged 18–48 months old. Dietary outcomes were obtained via 3‐day dietary records, while utensils for milk drinking and socio‐demographic characteristics were collected from a self‐developed questionnaire. Length/height and weight of the children were measured by the nurses. Results showed that daily consumption of formula milk was significantly greater among bottle users or bottle plus cup users than non‐bottle users (p < 0.05). Exclusive bottle users had significantly lower intakes of meat and meat alternatives than bottle plus cup users for the 18 to 24‐month group (p = 0.001) and lower intakes of fruits than non‐bottle users in the 48‐month group (p = 0.015). BMI z‐score was significantly higher for exclusive bottle users than non‐bottle users, even after adjusting for socio‐economic factors and child's age (p = 0.006). The results showed that the milk drinking utensil was associated with the amount of formula milk and food group consumption as well as BMI z‐score. There is a need to actively discourage prolonged bottle use in order to help young children develop good dietary habits. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Reconciling concepts of space and person‐centred care of the older person with cognitive impairment in the acute care setting
Authors: Rushton Carole , Edvardsson David 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAlthough a large body of literature exists propounding the importance of space in aged care and care of the older person with dementia, there is, however, only limited exploration of the ‘acute care space’ as a particular type of space with archetypal constraints that maybe unfavourable to older people with cognitive impairment and nurses wanting to provide care that is person‐centred. In this article, we explore concepts of space and examine the implications of these for the delivery of care to older people who are cognitively impaired. Our exploration is grounded in theorisations of space offered by key geographers and phenomenologists, but also draws on how space has been constructed within the nursing literature that refers specifically to acute care. We argue that space, once created, can be created and that nursing has a significant role to play in the process of its recreation in the pursuit of care that is person‐centred. We conclude by introducing an alternative logic of space aimed at promoting the creation of more salutogenic spaces that invokes a sense of sanctuary, safeness, and inclusion, all of which are essential if the care provided to the older person with cognitive impairment is apposite to their needs. The concept of ‘person‐centred space’ helps to crystallize the relationship between space and person‐centred care and implies more intentional manipulation of space that is more conducive to caring and healing. Significantly, it marks a return to Nightingale's wisdom, that is, to put the person in the best possible conditions for nature to act upon them.
Sensitivity of simulated hillslope subsurface flow to rainfall patterns, soil texture and land use
Authors: Liao K.‐H. , Lv L.‐G. , Yang G.‐S. , Zhu Q. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractKnowledge of the generation of subsurface flow for hillslopes is important for controlling agricultural nonpoint nutrient losses. This study used a physically based hillslope hydrologic model HYDRUS‐2D to assess the sensitivity of simulated subsurface flow to the interactions between precipitation, soil texture and land use. Soil moisture data from 1 January 2013 to 23 August 2014 at two monitoring sites on a tea plantation hillslope were used to calibrate the van Genuchten–Mualem hydraulic parameters for this model. For six different textural classes (loamy sand, loam, silt, silt loam, clay loam and clay) and four land‐use types (tea garden, forest, grassland and bare soil), scenario‐based simulations were carried out for varied precipitation intensities (6.0, 15.0, 30.0, 45.0, 60.0 and 76.0 mm/day) and frequencies (time intervals of 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 days). Results indicated that the hillslope run‐off was dominated by subsurface flow, which was influenced by precipitation and antecedent moisture conditions. A threshold value of 0.18 m3/m3 of mean hillslope soil moisture was observed for the initiation of subsurface flow. High precipitation intensity (i.e. 75.0 mm/day) substantially increased subsurface flow for all soil textures. In addition, the sensitivity of the bare soil hillslope to rainfall patterns was more than two times higher than that of the vegetated (i.e. grassland, tea garden and forest) hillslope. These findings suggest that extreme precipitation events and land‐use change will increase the risks of subsurface flow on hillslopes. Therefore, optimal fertilizer application strategy and land‐use planning should be proposed for controlling the hillslope nonpoint nutrient losses.
Lingual palpation for porcine cysticercosis: a rapid epidemiological tool for estimating prevalence and community risk in Africa
Authors: Guyatt Helen L. , Fèvre Eric M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the association between the prevalence of tongue cyst‐positive and antigen‐positive pigs across different settings in Africa, to evaluate whether examining pigs for cysts could be used as a rapid surveillance tool for identifying geographical areas with a higher probability of high transmission of cysticercosis.MethodsPublished data were collated from 26 study sites across Africa that reported the prevalence of porcine cysticercosis by both lingual and serological examinations. The study sites were located in 10 countries across Africa.ResultsSeroprevalence rates ranged from 4% to 41%. Despite the varied study sites, the relationship between the two variables was highly consistent and suggests identification of tongue cysts may be useful for cysticercosis surveillance. We found that all areas with more than 10% of pigs having cysts in their tongues had at least 30% seroprevalence (PPV of 100%), although this cut‐off is less reliable at predicting that an area is of low transmission (NPV of 84%).ConclusionAssessing the prevalence of tongue cyst‐positive pigs is a potential rapid epidemiological tool for identifying areas at high risk of cysticercosis, although further refinement and validation is required using standardised data sets.
Functional conservation and divergence of GmCHLI genes in polyploid soybean
Authors: Li Qing , Fang Chao , Duan Zongbiao , Liu Yucheng , Qin Hao , Zhang Jixiang , Sun Peng , Li Wenbin , Wang Guodong , Tian Zhixi 
Published: July 2016

SummaryPolyploidy is prevalent in nature. As the fate of duplicated genes becomes more complicated when the encoded proteins function as oligomers, functional investigations into duplicated oligomer‐encoding genes in polyploid genomes will facilitate our understanding of how traits are expressed. In this study, we identified GmCHLI1, a gene encoding the I subunit of magnesium (Mg)‐chelatase, which functions in hexamers as responsible for the semi‐dominant etiolation phenotype in soybean. Four GmCHLI copies derived from two polyploidy events were identified in the soybean genome. Further investigation with regard to expression patterns indicated that these four copies have diverged into two pairs; mutation in the other copy of the pair that includes GmCHLI1 also resulted in a chlorophyll‐deficient phenotype. Protein interaction assays showed that these four GmCHLIs can interact with each other, but stronger interactions were found with mutated subunits. The results indicate that, in polyploidy, deficiency in each copy of duplicated oligomer‐encoding genes could result in a mutant phenotype due to hetero‐oligomer formation, which is different from the model of allelic dosage or functional redundancy. In addition, we interestingly found an increase in isoflavonoids in the heterozygous etiolated plants, which might be useful for improving soybean seed quality.
Extracellular K+ rapidly controls NaCl cotransporter phosphorylation in the native distal convoluted tubule by Cl−‐dependent and independent mechanisms
Authors: Penton David , Czogalla Jan , Wengi Agnieszka , Himmerkus Nina , Loffing‐Cueni Dominique , Carrel Monique , Rajaram Renuga Devi , Staub Olivier , Bleich Markus , Schweda Frank , Loffing Johannes 
Published: July 2016

Key points
High dietary potassium (K+) intake dephosphorylates and inactivates the NaCl cotransporter (NCC) in the renal distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
Using several ex vivo models, we show that physiological changes in extracellular K+, similar to those occurring after a K+ rich diet, are sufficient to promote a very rapid dephosphorylation of NCC in native DCT cells.
Although the increase of NCC phosphorylation upon decreased extracellular K+ appears to depend on cellular Cl− fluxes, the rapid NCC dephosphorylation in response to increased extracellular K+ is not Cl−‐dependent.
The Cl−‐dependent pathway involves the SPAK/OSR1 kinases, whereas the Cl− independent pathway may include additional signalling cascades.
AbstractA high dietary potassium (K+) intake causes a rapid dephosphorylation, and hence inactivation, of the thiazide‐sensitive NaCl cotransporter (NCC) in the renal distal convoluted tubule (DCT). Based on experiments in heterologous expression systems, it was proposed that changes in extracellular K+ concentration ([K+]ex) modulate NCC phosphorylation via a Cl−‐dependent modulation of the with no lysine (K) kinases (WNK)‐STE20/SPS‐1‐44 related proline‐alanine‐rich protein kinase (SPAK)/oxidative stress‐related kinase (OSR1) kinase pathway. We used the isolated perfused mouse kidney technique and ex vivo preparations of mouse kidney slices to test the physiological relevance of this model on native DCT. We demonstrate that NCC phosphorylation inversely correlates with [K+]ex, with the most prominent effects occurring around physiological plasma [K+]. Cellular Cl− conductances and the kinases SPAK/OSR1 are involved in the phosphorylation of NCC under low [K+]ex. However, NCC dephosphorylation triggered by high [K+]ex is neither blocked by removing extracellular Cl−, nor by the Cl− channel blocker 4,4′‐diisothiocyano‐2,2′‐stilbenedisulphonic acid. The response to [K+]ex on a low extracellular chloride concentration is also independent of significant changes in SPAK/OSR1 phosphorylation. Thus, in the native DCT, [K+]ex directly and rapidly controls NCC phosphorylation by Cl−‐dependent and independent pathways that involve the kinases SPAK/OSR1 and a yet unidentified additional signalling mechanism.
Tolerability and Plasma Drug Level Monitoring of Prolonged Subcutaneous Teicoplanin Treatment for Bone and Joint Infections
Authors: El Samad Youssef , Lanoix Jean-Philippe , Bennis Youssef , Diouf Momar , Saroufim Carlo , Brunschweiler Benoit , Rousseau Florence , Joseph Cédric , Hamdad Farida , Ait Amer Meziane Mohamed , Routier Simon , Schmit Jean-Luc 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Teicoplanin is a key drug for the treatment of multiresistant staphylococcal bone and joint infections (BJI), yet can only be administered via a parenteral route. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of subcutaneous (s.c.) teicoplanin for that indication over 42 days. Thirty patients with Gram-positive cocci BJI were included. Once the target of 25 to 40 mg/liter trough serum concentration was achieved, treatment was switched from an intravenous to an s.c. route. No discontinuation of teicoplanin related to injection site reaction and no severe local adverse event were observed. On multivariate analysis, better tolerability was observed at the beginning of treatment, in patients over 70 years old, and for dosages less than 600 mg. In conclusion, we recommend s.c. administration of teicoplanin when needed.
In Vitro
Activity of Delafloxacin Tested against Isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis
Authors: Flamm Robert K. , Rhomberg Paul R. , Huband Michael D. , Farrell David J. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Delafloxacin, an investigational anionic fluoroquinolone, is active against a broad range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, 200
Streptococcus pneumoniae
(plus 30 levofloxacin-resistant isolates), 200
Haemophilus influenzae
, and 100
Moraxella catarrhalis
isolates selected primarily from the United States (2014) were tested against delafloxacin and comparator agents. Delafloxacin was the most potent agent tested. MIC
50
and MIC
90
values against all
S. pneumoniae
isolates were 0.008 and 0.015 μg/ml. Delafloxacin susceptibility was not affected by β-lactamase status against
H. influenzae
and
M. catarrhalis
.
Abstract 101: Identification of pancreatobilliary cancer specific fusion genes in patient tissues
Authors: Kim Kahee , Jung Dawoon E. , Seo Mi-kyoung , Kim Sang Woo , Song Si Young 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Gene fusion occurs when a part of one gene fuses with or attaches to a part of another gene by genome rearrangement and the result in gene fusion may possess oncogenic properties; fused gene may be translated into a unique protein that may promotes cancer properties. Pancreatic cancer and bile duct cancer are one of the most lethal cancer types with low 5-year survival rates, but lack of proper diagnostic or prognostic markers. Our aim was to investigate pancreatobilliary- specific fusion genes found in patient's specimens. We used TRIzol to extract total RNA from seven pancreatic cancer tissues and normal tissues from the same patients, and five bile duct cancer tissues and normal tissues from the same patients. Total RNA was assessed for RNA sequencing and the result data was analyzed using ChimeraScan to detect gene fusion. To identify the cancer somatic fusion gene, the fusion occurred in normal tissues and previously reported fusion genes found in normal tissues were excluded and the fusion occurred in coding region was included. As a result, we found 87 pancreatic cancer tissue specific- and 52 bile duct cancer tissue specific- fusion genes. We then selected fusion genes that either one of the gene has been reported to express in cancer tissues. We confirmed the expression of selected fusion genes by RT-PCR in cancer and normal tissues as well as in cancer cell lines. As a result we observed novel pancreatobilliary cancer specific fusion genes. These findings indicate the presence of novel fusion genes as well as its possible application for the early diagnosis or prognosis of pancreatic and bile duct cancer.
Citation Format: Kahee Kim, Dawoon E. Jung, Mi-kyoung Seo, Sang Woo Kim, Si Young Song. Identification of pancreatobilliary cancer specific fusion genes in patient tissues. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 101.