bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of Wire‐Bristle Grill Brush Injury in the United States, 2002‐2014
Authors: Baugh Tiffany P. , Hadley Jamie B. , Chang C. W. David 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of wire‐bristle grill brush injury.Study Design and SettingCross‐sectional analysis of national databases; literature review.Subjects and MethodsThe Consumer Product Safety Commission’s National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) was used to derive a national weighted estimate of emergency department visits for wire bristle injury from 2002 to 2014. Date, location of injury, demographics, and outcomes were analyzed. A literature search and a consumer‐reported injury database (SaferProducts.gov) were interrogated to provide ancillary sources of data.ResultsA total of 43 cases were found within the NEISS database, which extrapolated to an estimated 1698 (95% confidence interval, 1468‐1927) emergency department visits nationwide. In the NEISS database, the mean age was 30 years, and the sex distribution of the patients was similar (21 males vs 22 females). The most common location of injury was the oropharynx in both the NEISS database (23 of 43, 53.4%) and the literature review (11 of 36, 30.5%). However, the oral cavity was the most frequent site in the consumer‐reported SaferProducts.gov database (9 of 24, 37.5%). The majority of patients in the NEISS were treated in the emergency department (31 of 43, 69.7%). Raw case counts were highest in June, July, and August, with the highest number of events in the month of July.ConclusionInjury from wire‐bristle grill brush is uncommon but prevalent during certain seasons. Otolaryngologists play an important in the diagnosis and treatment of these injuries. Awareness among consumers and product manufacturers is necessary to promote safety.
Anatomic Changes Caused by Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Surgery and Their Effects on Nasal Functions
Authors: Kim Do Hyun , Hong Yong‐Kil , Jeun Sin‐Soo , Park Yong Jin , Kim Soo Whan , Cho Jin Hee , Kim Boo Young , Han Sungwoo , Jung Young Hoon , Lee Yong Joo , Kim Sung Won 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveWe evaluated postoperative changes in nasal cavity dimensions and their effects on nasal functions and symptoms.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary referral center.Subjects and MethodsWe studied patients who underwent binostril, 4‐hand endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach surgery with the bilateral modified nasoseptal rescue flap technique. Pre‐ and postoperative paranasal computed tomography scans were used to assess nasal cavity dimensional changes at 4 levels. We also performed several pre‐ and postoperative tests, including the Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center test and the Cross‐Cultural Smell Identification Test (n = 119) to evaluate olfactory functions. Also, the Nasal Obstruction Symptoms Evaluation, the Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test–20, and a visual analog scale were used (n = 157) to record subjective symptoms. We compared these data with the pre‐ and postoperative nasal cavity dimensions.ResultsTwo‐dimensional objective increases in nasal passage dimensions were evident postoperatively (all cross‐sectional areas, P <. 001, except choana and left inferior turbinate). However, these did not correlate with subjectively assessed symptoms (Nasal Obstruction Symptoms Evaluation, all cross‐sectional areas, P ≥. 05, except right middle turbinate; Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test–20, all cross‐sectional areas, P ≥. 05) or olfactory dysfunction evaluated with the Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center test (all cross‐sectional areas, P ≥. 05) or the Cross‐Cultural Smell Identification Test (all cross‐sectional areas, P ≥. 05).ConclusionEndoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach surgery altered the patients’ nasal anatomy, but the changes in nasal cavity dimensions did not affect nasal functions and symptoms. These results will help surgeons to appropriately expose the surgical field during endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach surgery.
Modeled Analysis of Entrance of Colloid Suspensions into the Middle Ear Cavity
Authors: Ariana Bahar , Geerse Simon , Schot Linda J. , Bos Lieuwe D. J. 
Published: March 2016

Otic suspensions have a positive effect on the duration of otorrhea in children with a tympanostomy tube. It is still questionable how eardrops reach the middle ear. We hypothesized that otic suspensions do not pass the tympanostomy tube if the middle ear is dry but pass by diffusion when wet. The median concentration of Evans blue (colorant) in the middle ear was <15.6 mg/mL (lower limit of quantification) when diffusion was impossible but 45.3 µg/mL when diffusion was possible (P =. 01). When the outward flow was increased to 0.1 mL/h, the concentration of Evans blue in the middle ear increased significantly (P =. 03). With further‐increasing outward flows, the concentration of Evans blue decreased linearly (β = −144, P <. 001, R
2 = 0.44). We conclude that diffusion is the mechanism by which otic suspensions enter the middle ear in children with tympanostomy tubes and otorrhea.
Postoperative Calcium Management in Same‐Day Discharge Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
Authors: Nelson Kurt L. , Hinson Andrew M. , Lawson Bradley R. , Middleton Derek , Bodenner Donald L. , Stack Brendan C. 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveTo describe a safe and effective postoperative prophylactic calcium regimen for same‐day discharge thyroid and parathyroid surgery.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary referral academic institution.Subjects and MethodsIn total, 162 adult patients who underwent total thyroidectomy, completion thyroidectomy, unilateral parathyroidectomy, parathyroidectomy with bilateral neck exploration, or revision parathyroidectomy were identified preoperatively to be candidates for same‐day discharge. All patients in this study were successfully discharged the same day on our standard prophylactic calcium regimen.ResultsLess than 1% (1/162) of patients re‐presented to the hospital within 30 days of surgery, and that patient was successfully discharged from the emergency department after negative workup for hypocalcemia. There was no significant difference between preoperative and postoperative calcium levels in the total/completion thyroidectomy groups (9.3 vs 9.2 mg/dL, respectively; P =. 14). The average postoperative calcium level in the parathyroid group was well within normal limits (9.5 mg/dL), and the difference in postoperative calcium levels between revision and primary parathyroidectomy cases was not significantly different (P =. 34).ConclusionThe reported calcium regimen demonstrates a safe, effective, and objective means of postoperative calcium management in outpatient thyroid and parathyroid surgery in appropriately selected patients.
Oral Antibiotic Use for Otitis Media with Effusion
Authors: Roditi Rachel E. , Liu C. Carrie , Bellmunt Angela M. , Rosenfeld Richard M. , Shin Jennifer J. 
Published: March 2016

Objectives(1) To evaluate the probability of antibiotic administration associated with ICD‐9 diagnosis of otitis media with effusion (OME) in the absence of acute otitis media, (2) to determine whether usage varies according to visit setting, and (3) to ascertain if practice gaps are such that future practice changes might be measured.Study DesignCross‐sectional analysis of an administrative database.SettingAmbulatory visits in the United States.Subjects and MethodsNational Ambulatory and Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys, 2005‐2010; univariate, multivariate, and stratified analyses of antibiotic usage were performed. The study population was restricted to children without acute or unspecified otitis media. The primary outcome was the probability of oral antibiotic administration when OME was diagnosed. The impact of the location of service and subspecialty care was also analyzed.ResultsData from 1,390,404,196 pediatric visits demonstrated that oral antibiotics were administered for 32% of visits with an OME diagnosis, even in the absence of acute otitis media (odds ratio, 4.31; 95% confidence interval: 2.88‐6.44; P <. 001). The highest antibiotic administration was seen in the emergency department (risk difference, 37.1%; number needed to harm, 3). No significant increased risk of antibiotic usage was seen during otolaryngology visits. Diagnoses of infections at nonotologic sites were associated with a 1.98 to 26.60 increase in odds of oral antibiotic administration.ConclusionOral antibiotics continue to be administered in children with OME in the absence of acute infection, with risk varying by location of service. There is a potential opportunity for quality improvement through reducing antibiotic administration for pediatric OME.
Retrospective Review of Management and Outcomes of Pediatric Descending Mediastinitis
Authors: Wilson Caleb D. , Kennedy Kenneth , Wood Joshua W. , Kumar T. K. Susheel , Stocks Rose Mary S. , Thompson Rebecca E. , Thompson Jerome W. 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivesTo review the management and outcomes of pediatric patients treated for descending mediastinitis at a single institution and contribute to an updated mortality rate.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary care pediatric hospital.Subjects and MethodsThis study is a 19‐patient case series of all patients treated for descending mediastinitis at a tertiary pediatric hospital from 1997 to 2015, and it serves as an update to the case series published from this institution in 2008. Review of management included time to diagnosis, time to surgery, surgical procedures performed, and antibiotics administered. The primary outcomes measured were length of hospitalization and mortality.ResultsIn addition to 8 previously reported patients, we identified 11 pediatric patients treated for descending mediastinitis in the period of review. All 19 patients were <18 months old, and all survived their hospitalization. Fourteen patients underwent surgical drainage at least twice. The median length of hospital stay was 15 days. Retropharyngeal abscess was the source of infection in 16 of 19 patients, and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was the isolated organism in 14 of 15 positive cultures.ConclusionThis review represents the largest reported series of pediatric patients with descending mediastinitis. With 100% survival, our results suggest that pediatric descending mediastinitis can be safely managed by prompt surgical drainage. Broad‐spectrum antibiotics covering MRSA and a low threshold for repeat surgical intervention have been an important part of our successful approach and may decrease length of stay.
ISFM Consensus Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Feline Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Sparkes Andrew H , Caney Sarah , Chalhoub Serge , Elliott Jonathan , Finch Natalie , Gajanayake Isuru , Langston Catherine , Lefebvre Hervé P , White Joanna , Quimby Jessica 
Published: March 2016

Practical relevance: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most commonly diagnosed diseases in older cats. In most cats, CKD is also a progressive disease and can be accompanied by a wide range of clinical and clinicopathological changes. These ISFM Consensus Guidelines have been developed by an independent panel of clinicians and academics to provide practical advice on the diagnosis and management of this complex disease. Clinical challenges: Although CKD is a common clinical problem in cats, the manifestations of disease vary between individuals. Thus there is a need for careful and repeat evaluation of cats with CKD and adjustment of therapy according to individual needs. In addition to addressing problems arising from CKD and improving quality of life (QoL) for the patient, therapy may also target slowing the underlying progression of disease and hence prolonging life. While maintaining QoL is of paramount importance in our patients, this can be challenging when multiple therapies are indicated. In some cases it is necessary to prioritise therapy, given an understanding of what is likely to most benefit the individual patient. Evidence base: In preparing these Guidelines, the Panel has carefully reviewed the existing published literature, and has also graded the quality of evidence for different interventions to help to provide practical recommendations on the therapeutic options for feline CKD. This is a field of veterinary medicine that has benefited from some excellent published clinical research and further research findings will undoubtedly modify the recommendations contained in these Guidelines in the future.
Plasma levels of endothelial and B-cell-derived microparticles are restored by fingolimod treatment in multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Zinger Anna , Latham Sharissa L , Combes Valery , Byrne Scott , Barnett Michael H , Hawke Simon , Grau Georges E 
Published: March 2016

Background: No molecular marker can monitor disease progression and treatment efficacy in multiple sclerosis (MS). Circulating microparticles represent a potential snapshot of disease activity at the blood brain barrier. Objectives and methods: To profile plasma microparticles by flow cytometry in MS and determine how fingolimod could impact endothelial microparticles production. Results: In non-treated MS patients compared to healthy and fingolimod-treated patients, endothelial microparticles were higher, while B-cell-microparticle numbers were lower. Fingolimod dramatically reduced tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-induced endothelial microparticle release in vitro. Conclusion: Fingolimod restored dysregulated endothelial and B-cell-microparticle numbers, which could serve as a biomarker in MS.
Functional and structural characterization of axonal opioid receptors as targets for analgesia
Authors: Mambretti Egle M , Kistner Katrin , Mayer Stefanie , Massotte Dominique , Kieffer Brigitte L , Hoffmann Carsten , Reeh Peter W , Brack Alexander , Asan Esther , Rittner Heike L 
Published: March 2016

Background Opioids are the gold standard for the treatment of acute pain despite serious side effects in the central and enteric nervous system. µ-opioid receptors (MOPs) are expressed and functional at the terminals of sensory axons, when activated by exogenous or endogenous ligands. However, the presence and function of MOP along nociceptive axons remains controversial particularly in naïve animals. Here, we characterized axonal MOPs by immunofluorescence, ultrastructural, and functional analyses. Furthermore, we evaluated hypertonic saline as a possible enhancer of opioid receptor function. Results Comparative immunolabeling showed that, among several tested antibodies, which all provided specific MOP detection in the rat central nervous system (CNS), only one monoclonal MOP-antibody yielded specificity and reproducibility for MOP detection in the rat peripheral nervous system including the sciatic nerve. Double immunolabeling documented that MOP immunoreactivity was confined to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) positive fibers and fiber bundles. Almost identical labeling and double labeling patterns were found using mcherry-immunolabeling on sciatic nerves of mice producing a MOP-mcherry fusion protein (MOP-mcherry knock-in mice). Preembedding immunogold electron microscopy on MOP-mcherry knock-in sciatic nerves indicated presence of MOP in cytoplasm and at membranes of unmyelinated axons. Application of [D-Ala 2 , N-MePhe 4 , Gly-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO) or fentanyl dose-dependently inhibited depolarization-induced CGRP release from rat sciatic nerve axons ex vivo, which was blocked by naloxone. When the lipophilic opioid fentanyl was applied perisciatically in naïve Wistar rats, mechanical nociceptive thresholds increased. Subthreshold doses of fentanyl or the hydrophilic opioid DAMGO were only effective if injected together with hypertonic saline. In vitro, using β-arrestin-2/MOP double-transfected human embryonic kidney cells, DAMGO as well as fentanyl lead to a recruitment of β-arrestin-2 to the membrane followed by a β-arrestin-2 reappearance in the cytosol and MOP internalization. Pretreatment with hypertonic saline prevented MOP internalization. Conclusion MOPs are present and functional in the axonal membrane from naïve animals. Hypertonic saline acutely decreases ligand-induced internalization of MOP and thereby might improve MOP function. Further studies should explore potential clinical applications of opioids together with enhancers for regional analgesia.
The impact of poor glycaemic control on the prevalence of erectile dysfunction in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review
Authors: Binmoammar Turki A , Hassounah Sondus , Alsaad Saad , Rawaf Salman , Majeed Azeem 
Published: March 2016

Objective To determine the impact of poor glycaemic control on the prevalence of erectile dysfunction among men with type 2 Diabetics aged 27 to 85 years. Design The databases Embase classic+Embase, Global health, Ovid Medline and PsychINFO, were searched for relevant studies in June 2014 using the keywords: (Diabetes Mellitus OR diabetes mellitus type2 OR DM2 OR T2DM OR insulin resistance) AND (erectile dysfunction OR sexual dysfunction OR impotence) AND glycaemic control. Setting All study settings were considered (primary care, secondary care and tertiary care setting). Participants Type 2 Diabetic Patients with erectile dysfunction. Main outcome measures Included studies must include one of the following outcomes: (1) HBA1c for assess the level of glycaemic control; (2) Erectile dysfunction (any stage: IIEF-5 = 21 or less). Results Five cross-sectional studies involving 3299 patients were included. The findings pointed to a positive association between erectile dysfunction and glycaemic control. Three studies showed a significant positive association, while one study showed only a weak correlation and one study showed borderline significance. Patients’ age, diabetes mellitus duration, peripheral neuropathy and body mass index had positive association with erectile dysfunction. However, smoking and hypertension were not associated with erectile dysfunction in most included studies. Physical activity had a protective effect against erectile dysfunction. Conclusion We may conclude that the risk of erectile dysfunction is higher in type 2 diabetic men with poor glycaemic control than those with good control.
Prevalence of selected infectious disease agents in stray cats in Catalonia, Spain
Authors: Ravicini Sara , Pastor Josep , Hawley Jennifer , Brewer Melissa , Castro-López Jorge , Beall Melissa , Lappin Michael R 
Published: March 2016

Objectives The objective of the current study was to investigate the prevalence rates of the following infectious agents in 116 stray cats in the Barcelona area of Spain: Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Bartonella species, Borrelia burgdorferi, Chlamydia felis, Dirofilaria immitis, Ehrlichia species, feline calicivirus (FCV), feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1), feline leukaemia virus (FeLV), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), haemoplasmas, Mycoplasma species and Rickettsia species. Methods Serum antibodies were used to estimate the prevalence of exposure to A phagocytophilum, Bartonella species, B burgdorferi, Ehrlichia species and FIV; serum antigens were used to assess for infection by D immitis and FeLV; and molecular assays were used to amplify nucleic acids of Anaplasma species, Bartonella species, C felis, D immitis, Ehrlichia species, FCV, FHV-1, haemoplasmas, Mycoplasma species and Rickettsia species from blood and nasal or oral swabs. Results Of the 116 cats, 63 (54.3%) had evidence of infection by Bartonella species, FeLV, FIV or a haemoplasma. Anaplasma species, Ehrlichia species or Rickettsia species DNA was not amplified from these cats. A total of 18/116 cats (15.5%) were positive for FCV RNA (six cats), Mycoplasma species DNA (six cats), FHV-1 DNA (three cats) or C felis DNA (three cats). Conclusions and relevance This study documents that shelter cats in Catalonia are exposed to many infectious agents with clinical and zoonotic significance, and that flea control is indicated for cats in the region.
Global Financial Crisis, Capital Inflows and Policy Trilemma: An Analysis of the Indian Experience
Authors: Chakraborty Indrani 
Published: March 2016

In the context of the global financial crisis, this article analyzes the behaviour of capital inflows in India during the period from 1993.2 to 2012.4. It also examines the question, how have the policy makers in India dealt with the ‘policy trilemma’ in a regime of liberalized capital inflows? The study finds that the volatility of capital inflows increased after the global financial crisis. Further, due to the global financial crisis, there were substantial changes in the relative importance of the factors that explain capital inflows. Although the ‘pull factors’ played major roles in both the periods, before and after the crisis, there were significant changes in their relative importance. In the first sub-period, real effective exchange rate and foreign exchange reserves played the most important roles in determining the capital inflows whereas in the second sub-period, it was only current account balance. While dealing with ‘policy trilemma’, we observed that the monetary policy independence was maintained in the period before the crisis which was sacrificed in the later period. JEL Classification: F30, F32, F39
Caring Behaviors: Perceptions of Acute Care Nurses and Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Modic Mary Beth , Siedlecki Sandra L. , Griffin Mary T. Quinn , Fitzpatrick c Joyce J. 
Published: March 2016

Caring behaviors Perceptions of acute care nurses and hospitalized patients with diabetes Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of caring behaviors that influence the patient experience in acute care nurses and hospitalized patients with diabetes. Background Nurses are the caregivers who render most of the direct care patients receive while they are hospitalized. Understanding what patients perceive as caring behaviors is essential in tailoring nursing interventions to meet patient needs. Data sources Data collection occurred at a 1,200 bed, nonprofit academic medical center located in the Midwest. Description Sixty-four nurses and 54 patients with diabetes were queried about their experience with diabetes caring behaviors. Conclusion Nurses consistently reported providing caring behaviors more frequently than patients reported receiving them. Implications This study has implications for understanding the patient experience in the hospital setting specifically related to patient education. Providing patient education is an important caring intervention that directly affects the patient experience. However, none of the patients in this study identified this as a caring behavior used by nurses.