bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
International multicenter cohort study of pediatric brain arteriovenous malformations. Part 1: Predictors of hemorrhagic presentation
Authors: Ding Dale , Starke Robert M. , Kano Hideyuki , Mathieu David , Huang Paul P. , Feliciano Caleb , Rodriguez-Mercado Rafael , Almodovar Luis , Grills Inga S. , Silva Danilo , Abbassy Mahmoud , Missios Symeon , Kondziolka Douglas , Barnett Gene H. , Dade Lunsford L. , Sheehan Jason P. 
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVE
Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are the most common cause of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage in pediatric patients (age < 18 years). Since the cumulative lifetime risk of AVM hemorrhage is considerable in children, an improved understanding of the risk factors influencing hemorrhagic presentation may aid in the management of pediatric AVMs. The aims of this first of a 2-part multicenter, retrospective cohort study are to evaluate the incidence and determine the predictors of hemorrhagic presentation in pediatric AVM patients.

METHODS
The authors analyzed pooled AVM radiosurgery data from 7 institutions participating in the International Gamma Knife Research Foundation (IGKRF). Patients younger than 18 years at the time of radiosurgery and who had at least 12 months of follow-up were included in the study cohort. Patient and AVM characteristics were compared between unruptured and ruptured pediatric AVMs.

RESULTS
A total of 357 pediatric patients were eligible for analysis, including 112 patients in the unruptured and 245 patients in the ruptured AVM cohorts (69% incidence of hemorrhagic presentation). The annual hemorrhage rate prior to radiosurgery was 6.3%. Hemorrhagic presentation was significantly more common in deep locations (basal ganglia, thalamus, and brainstem) than in cortical locations (frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes) (76% vs 62%, p = 0.006). Among the factors found to be significantly associated with hemorrhagic presentation in the multivariate logistic regression analysis, deep venous drainage (OR 3.2, p < 0.001) was the strongest independent predictor, followed by female sex (OR 1.7, p = 0.042) and smaller AVM volume (OR 1.1, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Unruptured and ruptured pediatric AVMs have significantly different patient and nidal features. Pediatric AVM patients who possess 1 or more of these high-risk features may be candidates for relatively more aggressive management strategies.
Autotaxin is Related to Metabolic Dysfunction and Predicts Alzheimer’s Disease Outcomes
Authors: McLimans Kelsey E. , Willette Auriel A. ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: December 2016

Background: Obesity and insulin resistance are associated with neuropathology and cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objective: Ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2, also called autotaxin, is produced by beige adipose tissue, regulates metabolism, and is higher in AD prefrontal cortex (PFC). Autotaxin may be a novel biomarker of dysmetabolism and AD. Methods: We studied Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative participants who were cognitively normal (CN; n = 86) or had mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 135) or AD ( n = 66). Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS software. Multinomial regression analyses tested if higher autotaxin was associated with higher relative risk for MCI or AD diagnosis, compared to the CN group. Linear mixed model analyses were used to regress autotaxin against MRI, FDG-PET, and cognitive outcomes. Spearman correlations were used to associate autotaxin and CSF biomarkers due to non-normality. FreeSurfer 4.3 derived mean cortical thickness in medial temporal lobe and prefrontal regions of interest. Results: Autotaxin levels were significantly higher in MCI and AD. Each point increase in log-based autotaxin corresponded to a 3.5 to 5 times higher likelihood of having MCI and AD, respectively. Higher autotaxin in AD predicted hypometabolism in the medial temporal lobe [R2 = 0.343, p < 0.001] and PFC [R2 = 0.294, p < 0.001], and worse performance on executive function and memory factors. Autotaxin was associated with less cortical thickness in PFC areas like orbitofrontal cortex [R2 = 0.272, p < 0.001], as well as levels of total tau, p-tau181, and total tau/Aβ1–42. Conclusions: These results are comparable to previous reports using insulin resistance. CSF autotaxin may be a useful dysmetabolism biomarker for examining AD outcomes and risk.
Impulsive and Compulsive Behaviors in Parkinson’s Disease: The Norwegian ParkWest Study
Authors: Erga Aleksander H. , Alves Guido , Larsen Jan Petter , Tysnes Ole Bj∅rn , Pedersen Kenn Freddy 
Published: December 2016

Background: Impulsive and compulsive behaviors (ICBs) are frequent in Parkinson’s disease (PD), but data from population-based cohorts is lacking. Objectives: To determine the frequency and associated demographic, clinical, neuropsychiatric and cognitive features of ICBs in a population-based PD cohort. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 125 patients with PD and 159 age- and gender-matched normal controls recruited from the Norwegian ParkWest study. Participants underwent comprehensive neurological, neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological assessments. ICBs were assessed using the Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in PD short form. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to compare the odds of ICBs between groups and to identify independent correlates of ICBs in PD. Results: 30.4% of patients reported at least one ICB, with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.8–5.9) compared with controls. Multiple ICBs were experienced by 8.8% of patients vs 1.3% of controls (OR 7.6, 95% CI 1.7–34.8). Compared to controls, the ORs of having an ICB were 7.4 (95% CI 2.6–20.9) in patients taking DA without levodopa, 4.6 (95% CI 2.3–9.3) in those treated with both DA and levodopa, and 1.2 (95% CI 0.5–3.2) in patients using levodopa but not DA. In multivariate models, ICB status in patients was independently associated with DA treatment and depressive symptoms, but not with other dopaminergic medications, motor function, or cognitive performance. Conclusions: Patients with PD treated with DA, but not other dopaminergic medications, have increased odds of having ICBs compared with age- and gender-matched controls. This has implications for individualized patient management and follow-up.
Accuracy analysis of intrahepatic fat density measurements using dual-energy computed tomography: Validation using a test phantom
Authors: Arai Tomohiro , Misawa Masaki , Arai Miki , Shinozaki Masafumi , Sakamoto Kayo , Yajima Yoshinobu , Nozaki Yuichi , Tajima Tsuyoshi , Sato Masanori , Hinoshita Fumihiko 
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUND: Currently, no standardized method for measuring intrahepatic fat density via conventional computed tomography (CT) exists. OBJECTIVE: We aim to quantify intrahepatic fat density via material decomposition analysis using rapid kilovolt peak-switching dual-energy (RSDE) CT. METHODS: Homogenized porcine liver and fat (lard) were mixed in various ratios to produce phantoms for fat density verification. The actual fat density was measured on the basis of the phantom volume and weight, and these measurements were used as reference densities. The fat and liver mass attenuation coefficients, which were used as the material basis pairs, were employed in the material decomposition analysis. Then, the measured fat density of each phantom was compared with the reference densities. RESULTS: For fat content differences exceeding 2%, the measured fat density for the phantoms became statistically significant ( p < 0.01). The correlation between the reference densities and RSDE-measured fat densities was reasonably high ( R > 0.9997); this indicates the validity of this analysis method. CONCLUSIONS: Intrahepatic fat density can be measured using the mass attenuation coefficients of fat and liver in a material decomposition analysis. Given the knowledge of the accuracy and the limitations found in this study, our method can quantitatively evaluate fat density.
Computer-aided classification of mammographic masses using visually sensitive image features
Authors: Wang Yunzhi , Aghaei Faranak , Zarafshani Ali , Qiu Yuchen , Qian Wei , Zheng Bin 
Published: December 2016

PURPOSE: To develop a new computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) scheme that computes visually sensitive image features routinely used by radiologists to develop a machine learning classifier and distinguish between the malignant and benign breast masses detected from digital mammograms. METHODS: An image dataset including 301 breast masses was retrospectively selected. From each segmented mass region, we computed image features that mimic five categories of visually sensitive features routinely used by radiologists in reading mammograms. We then selected five optimal features in the five feature categories and applied logistic regression models for classification. A new CAD interface was also designed to show lesion segmentation, computed feature values and classification score. RESULTS: Areas under ROC curves (AUC) were 0.786±0.026 and 0.758±0.027 when to classify mass regions depicting on two view images, respectively. By fusing classification scores computed from two regions, AUC increased to 0.806±0.025. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated a new approach to develop CAD scheme based on 5 visually sensitive image features. Combining with a “visual aid” interface, CAD results may be much more easily explainable to the observers and increase their confidence to consider CAD generated classification results than using other conventional CAD approaches, which involve many complicated and visually insensitive texture features.
Vavilov and FIAN: a perspective from 2016
Authors: Vitukhnovsky A G 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The 2016 celebration of the 125th anniversary of the birth of Academician S I Vavilov, the outstanding physicist of the last century, provides an opportunity to compare what is going on today at the Russian Academy of Sciences (reforms, new members election, etc.) to the days long ago that preceded the foundation of the P N Lebedev Physical Institute (FIAN). The role of S I Vavilov and his academician colleagues in fighting bureaucracy and bureaucrats to create real academic science in our country is examined in this short paper.
Myocardial perfusion SPECT 2015 in Germany
Authors: Burchert Wolfgang , Schäfer Wolfgang , Hacker Marcus , Lindner Oliver 
Published: December 2016

SummaryAim: The working group Cardiovascular Nuclear Medicine of the German Society of Nuclear Medicine presents the results of the 7th survey of myocardial perfusion SPECT (MPS) of the reporting year 2015. Method: 268 guestionnaires (173 practices [PR], 67 hospitals [HO], 28 university hospitals ]UH[) were evaluated. Results of the last survey from 2012 are set in sguared brackets. Results: MPS of 121939 [105941] patients were reported. 98% [95 %] of all MPS were performed with Tc-99m radiopharmaceuticals and 2 % [5 %] with TI-201.78% [79%] of all patients were studied in PR, 14% [15%] in HO, and 8% [6%] in UH. A pharmacological stress test was performed in 43% [39%] (22 % [24 %] adenosine, 20 % [9 %] regade- noson, 1 % [6 %] dipyridamole or dobutamine). Attenuation correction was applied in 25 % [2009: 10 %] of MPS. Gated SPECT was performed in 78 % [70 %] of all rest MPS, in 80 % [73 %] of all stress and in 76 % [67 %] of all stress and rest MPS. 53 % [33 %] of all nuclear medicine departments performed MPS scoring by default, whereas 24% [41 %] did not apply any quantification. 31 % [26 %] of all departments noticed an increase in their counted MPS and 29% [29%] no changes. Data from 89 departments which participated in all surveys showed an increase in MPS count of 11.1 % (PR: 12.2 %, HO: 4.8%, UH: 18.4%). 70 % [60 %] of the MPS were reguested by ambulatory care cardiologists. Conclusion: The 2015 MPS survey reveals a high-grade adherence of routine MPS practice to current guidelines. The positive trend in MPS performance and number of MPS already observed in 2012 continues. Educational training remains necessary in the field of SPECT scoring.
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis in Patients with HIV and End-Stage Renal Failure
Authors: Ndlovu Kwazi C. Z. , Assounga Alain 
Published: December 2016

Background This study aimed to evaluate the differences in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)-related outcomes according to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status of end-stage renal failure patients. Methods This prospective cohort study included 70 HIV-negative and 70 HIV-positive consecutive patients with renal failure who underwent dialysis with newly inserted Tenckhoff catheters between September 2012 and February 2015. Patients were followed up monthly at a central renal clinic for 1 year or until the primary endpoints of technique failure or death. Results Technique failure rates were similar (HIV-negative: 0.270 episodes/person-year; HIV-positive: 0.298 episodes/person-year; hazard ratio [HR], 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51 – 2.32; p = 0.822). However, there were fewer HIV-positive patients with complete 1-year follow-up with a patent catheter (42.9% vs 58.6% in the HIV-negative cohort; p = 0.063) owing to their higher all-cause mortality rate (0.55 vs 0.25 deaths/person-year, respectively; HR, 2.11; CI, 1.07 – 4.14; p = 0.031). Cluster of differentiation 4 count (CD4) < 200/μL (HR, 5.39; CI, 2.20 – 13.21; p < 0.001) and unsuppressed viral load (HR, 3.63; CI 1.72 – 7.67; p = 0.001) were associated with increased mortality hazards. Rates of first peritonitis were 0.616 (HIV-negative) and 1.668 (HIV-positive) episodes/person-year (HR, 2.38; CI, 1.46 – 3.89; p = 0.001). All-cause admission rates were 1.52 (HIV-negative) and 2.97 (HIV-positive) hospital admissions/person-year (HR, 1.66; CI, 1.12 – 2.48; p = 0.013). Conclusion Although HIV-seropositive status of patients on CAPD did not adversely influence technique failure rates or patency at 1 year, uncontrolled HIV infection may be associated with increased relative risk of mortality and morbidity.
A Negative Antinuclear Antibody Does Not Indicate Autoantibody Negativity in Myositis: Role of Anticytoplasmic Antibody as a Screening Test for Antisynthetase Syndrome
Authors: Aggarwal Rohit , Dhillon Namrata , Fertig Noreen , Koontz Diane , Qi Zengbiao , Oddis Chester V. 
Published: December 2016

Objective.To evaluate the utility of anticytoplasmic autoantibody (anti-CytAb) in antisynthetase antibody–positive (anti-SynAb+) patients.Methods.Anti-SynAb+ patients were evaluated for antinuclear antibody (ANA) and anti-CytAb [cytoplasmic staining on indirect immunofluorescence (IIF)] positivity. Anti-SynAb+ patients included those possessing anti-Jo1 and other antisynthetase autoantibodies. Control groups included scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and healthy subjects. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), accuracy of anti-CytAb, and ANA were assessed. Anti-CytAb and ANA testing was done by IIF on human epithelial cell line 2, both reported on each serum sample without knowledge of the clinical diagnosis or final anti-SynAb results.Results.Anti-SynAb+ patients (n = 202; Jo1, n = 122; non-Jo1, n = 80) between 1985–2013 with available serum samples were assessed. Anti-CytAb showed high sensitivity (72%), specificity (89%), NPV (95%), and accuracy (86%), but only modest PPV (54%) for anti-SynAb positivity. In contrast, ANA showed only modest sensitivity (50%) and poor specificity (6%), PPV (9%), NPV (41%), and accuracy (12%). Positive anti-CytAb was significantly greater in the anti-SynAb+ patients than ANA positivity (72% vs 50%, p < 0.001), and 81/99 (82%) ANA-negative patients in the anti-SynAb+ cohort had positive anti-CytAb. In contrast, the control groups showed high rates for ANA positivity (93.5%), but very low rates for anti-CytAb positivity (11.5%). Combining anti-CytAb or Jo1 positivity showed high sensitivity (92%) and specificity (89%) for identification of anti-SynAb+ patients.Conclusion.Assessing patients for anti-CytAb serves as an excellent screen for anti-SynAb+ patients using simple IIF. Cytoplasmic staining should be assessed and reported for patients suspected of having antisynthetase syndrome and a negative ANA should not be used to exclude this diagnosis.
Le travail avec des objectifs et récompenses de groupe est-il bénéfique ?
Authors: Weidmann Jean , Konishi Mario , Gonin François 
Published: December 2016

Depuis plus de 15 ans, les organisations ont recours à des objectifs d’équipe ainsi qu’à des récompenses partagées entre les membres dans le but de stimuler les échanges ainsi que la production et la qualité du travail. Or, quels en sont les avantages et les inconvénients ? Et quelles sont les conditions nécessaires pour qu’un tel processus collectif fonctionne ?
Nespresso : le gout du monde
Authors: Lord Simon , Simard Sylvain , Valleix Jean-Luc 
Published: December 2016

Un pays après l’autre, Nespresso a converti la planète à son produit : le café portionné haut de gamme. Pionnière du modèle des capsules, l’entreprise a toutefois dû travailler fort pour convaincre les amateurs de café des avantages de son système. Elle a réussi et en récolte aujourd’hui les fruits. Histoire d’une marque internationale qui, depuis sa fondation, est de la graine des champions.
Les Cahiers noirs de Martin Heidegger : un cryptage meurtier
Authors: Kellerer Sidonie 
Published: December 2016

Les Cahiers noirs de Heidegger permettent d’éclairer l’importance chez les épigones de Heidegger des malentendus concernant le langage ainsi que le statut et les objectifs de la philosophie du Maître. Les Cahiers apportent une confirmation de l’utilisation systématique par leur auteur d’une stratégie d’égarement, celle-ci comportant deux aspects majeurs. D’une part, le message heideggérien s’adresse à un « petit nombre » de lecteurs ou auditeurs et non pas aux hommes en général. La pensée de l’Être est en effet conçue comme combat contre la rationalité comme faculté et valeur universelle, la communication devant dès lors se faire intentionnellement ambiguë. D’autre part, suivre la voix de l’Être ne relève pas de l’émancipation humaine mais d’un processus d’« éveil » tribal.
DELIVERING SUSTAINABLE BUILDING PROJECTS – CHALLENGES, REALITY AND SUCCESS
Authors: Rasekh Haleh , McCarthy Timothy J. 
Published: December 2016

This research concerns the delivery of sustainable building projects. These projects are defined as those which either attempt to achieve green ratings or are claimed to address certain sustainability issues. A key focus is to examine how the client's vision for sustainability is achieved or compromised by the practicality of construction. Two sustainability rating systems, the Australian Green Star and the Living Building Challenge from the U.S. are discussed. This research examines two projects; one university multipurpose building (SMART Infrastructure Facility); and an advanced research facility, the Sustainable Buildings Research Centre (SBRC). The methodology used is semi-structured interviews of key participants and stakeholders for the two university building. The outcome of this research indicates that environmental rating systems are useful tools to construct reasonably sustainable buildings. Many interviewees, however, believe that for their next projects the concern would be to continue to construct sustainable buildings but not necessarily by following the strict criteria and reporting requirements of the environmental rating system.
REHABILITATION OF AN ICONIC SKYSCRAPER POISED TO SPUR REVITALIZATION OF A DOWNTOWN NEIGHBORHOOD
Authors: Burns Robert C. , Thompson Patrick 
Published: December 2016

INTRODUCTION The revitalization of downtown Richmond, Virginia, in the 21st century has been a slow process, beginning in the financial center near the State Capitol Building and migrating slowly westward along Broad Street, the traditional retail avenue of the City. One by one over the course of the past several years, large, iconic buildings have been rehabilitated for new and exciting uses. These buildings have long been associated with the history of the City itself: the Miller & Rhoads Department Store, the John Marshall Hotel, the First National Bank Building, and the Hotel Richmond among others. The Central National Bank (CNB) Building was built at the dawn of the Great Depression and eventually became one of the last Art Deco style skyscrapers remaining in downtown Richmond. Its location in the neglected western fringe area of Broad Street made it the next logical target for rehabilitation. When Douglas Development purchased the vacant building in 2005, they were buying the crowning piece of architecture that they hoped would become the linchpin project to spur the revitalization of the surrounding neighborhood. That lofty goal was not without challenges, of course, and it took 8 years to put the project together and start the building's renovation. The complications inherent in the rehabilitation of any iconic 75-year old building listed on the National Register of Historic Places to suit continued use for contemporary life also clearly came into play.
Biogenesis and Transcriptional Regulation of Long Noncoding RNAs in the Human Immune System
Authors: Spurlock Charles F. , Crooke Philip S. , Aune Thomas M. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The central dogma of molecular biology states that DNA makes RNA makes protein. Discoveries over the last quarter of a century found that the process of DNA transcription into RNA gives rise to a diverse array of functional RNA species, including genes that code for protein and noncoding RNAs. For decades, the focus has been on understanding how protein-coding genes are regulated to influence protein expression. However, with the completion of the Human Genome Project and follow-up ENCODE data, it is now appreciated that only 2–3% of the genome codes for protein-coding gene exons and that the bulk of the transcribed genome, apart from ribosomal RNAs, is at the level of noncoding RNA genes. In this article, we focus on the biogenesis and regulation of a distinct class of noncoding RNA molecules termed long, noncoding RNAs in the context of the immune system.
The Frequency and Causes of Abnormal Head Position Based on an Ophthalmology Clinic's Findings: Is it Overlooked?
Authors: Erkan Turan Kadriye , Taylan Sekeroglu Hande , Koc Irem , Kilic Meltem , Sanac Ali S. 
Published: December 2016

Purpose To determine the frequency of abnormal head position (AHP) and identify the underlying causes in patients who presented to an ophthalmology clinic due to any ophthalmologic complaint. Methods The medical records of patients who presented with any ophthalmologic symptoms during a 6-month period were prospectively evaluated. In all, 2,710 patients (1,492 female and 1,218 male) aged 6 months-91 years were included in the study. Each patient underwent complete ophthalmologic evaluation. Results Among the 2,710 patients, 30 (1.1%) (7 female and 23 male) with a mean age of 14.62 ± 17.45 years (range 6 months-60 years) had AHP. In total, 24 (80%) of the patients with AHP were aged ≤16 years. The initial complaint in the patients with AHP was ocular misalignment in 18 (60%) patients, AHP in 4 (13.3%), abnormal ocular movements in 4 (13.3%), double vision in 3 (10%), and droopy eyelid in 1 (3.3%). Comitant strabismus, nystagmus, and Duane syndrome were the most common causes of AHP. Other diagnoses included fourth nerve palsy, sixth nerve palsy, Brown syndrome, congenital muscular torticollis, ptosis, and blowout orbital fracture. Conclusions The leading underlying causes of AHP in patients who presented to an ophthalmology clinic were ocular and treatable. Of note, in only a minority of these patients AHP was the initial presenting complaint. Clinicians must be aware that observation of any head position that is not normal should prompt additional investigation, as the underlying pathology can cause treatable morbidity or in rare instances mortality, such as in cases of acute cranial nerve palsy.