bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor by 10-Cl-BBQ Prevents Insulitis and Effector T Cell Development Independently of Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells in Nonobese Diabetic Mice
Authors: Ehrlich Allison K. , Pennington Jamie M. , Wang Xisheng , Rohlman Diana , Punj Sumit , Löhr Christiane V. , Newman Matthew T. , Kolluri Siva K. , Kerkvliet Nancy I. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation by high-affinity ligands mediates immunosuppression in association with increased regulatory T cells (Tregs), making this transcription factor an attractive therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases. We recently discovered 10-chloro-7H-benzimidazo[2,1-a]benzo[de]iso-quinolin-7-one (10-Cl-BBQ), a nanomolar affinity AhR ligand with immunosuppressive activity and favorable pharmacologic properties. In this study, we tested the consequences of AhR activation in the NOD model. Oral 10-Cl-BBQ treatment prevented islet infiltration without clinical toxicity, whereas AhR-deficient NOD mice were not protected. Suppression of insulitis was associated with an increased frequency, but not total number, of Foxp3+ Tregs in the pancreas and pancreatic lymph nodes. The requirement for Foxp3+ cells in AhR-induced suppression of insulitis was tested using NOD.Foxp3DTR mice, which show extensive islet infiltration upon treatment with diphtheria toxin. AhR activation prevented the development of insulitis caused by the depletion of Foxp3+ cells, demonstrating that Foxp3+ cells are not required for AhR-mediated suppression and furthermore that the AhR pathway is able to compensate for the absence of Foxp3+ Tregs, countering current dogma. Concurrently, the development of disease-associated CD4+Nrp1+Foxp3−RORγt+ cells was inhibited by AhR activation. Taken together, 10-Cl-BBQ is an effective, nontoxic AhR ligand for the intervention of immune-mediated diseases that functions independently of Foxp3+ Tregs to suppress pathogenic T cell development.
Influence of Indoor Hygrothermal Conditions on Human Quality of Life in Social Housing
Authors: Soares Sara , Fraga Silvia , Delgado Joao M.P.Q. , Ramos Nuno M.M. 
Published: November 2015

Background Modern societies spend most of their time indoors, namely at home, and the indoor environment quality turns out to be a crucial factor to health, quality of life and well-being of the residents. The present study aims to understand how indoor environment relates with quality of life and how improving housing conditions impacts on individuals’ health. Design and Methods This study case will rely on the following assessments in both rehabilitated and non-rehabilitated social housing: i) field measurements, in social dwellings (namely temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, air velocity, air change rate, level of mould spores and energy consumption); ii) residents’ questionnaires on social, demogaphic, behavioural, health characteristics and quality of life. Also, iii) qualitative interviews performed with social housing residents from the rehabilitated houses, addressing the self-perception of living conditions and their influence in health status and quality of life. All the collected information will be combined and analysed in order to achieve the main objective. Expected impact It is expected to define a Predicted Human Life Quality (PHLQ) index, that combines physical parameters describing the indoor environment measured through engineering techniques with residents’ and neighbourhood quality of life characteristics assessed by health questionnaires. Improvement in social housing should be related with better health indicators and the new index might be an important tool contributing to enhance quality of life of the residents.
Revue de littérature des écrits scientifiques portant sur l’improvisation musicale : identification des concepts clés et des recommandations pédagogiques liés à ce domaine
Authors: Després Jean-Philippe , Dubé Francis 
Published: November 2015

Les recherches théoriques et empiriques sur l’improvisation musicale n’offrent toujours pas de réponse satisfaisante à la question qui préoccupe le plus les praticiens, à savoir : « Comment l’improvisation peut-elle être enseignée de manière efficace ? ». Pour répondre à cette question, nous avons effectué une analyse des écrits scientifiques portant sur l’improvisation musicale. Après avoir appliqué la stratégie proposée par Vallerand et Hess (2000) pour sélectionner les écrits pertinents à notre domaine de recherche, nous avons procédé à une analyse de contenu de ces écrits, en suivant le modèle mixte de L’Écuyer (1987). Notre analyse a permis d’identifier les principales composantes cognitives de l’improvisation musicale et applications pédagogiques proposées dans la littérature pour l’enseignement-apprentissage de cette compétence. De plus, cette recension des écrits nous a permis de constater que certaines composantes cognitives de l’improvisation sont mentionnées par plusieurs chercheurs. Pour cette raison, nous croyons qu’elles devraient être prises en compte lors de l’intégration de l’improvisation musicale à la démarche d’apprentissage de l’élève. Par ailleurs, nous avons également constaté que les fondements empiriques des modèles actuels de l’improvisation ne sont pas suffisamment détaillés, ce qui affaiblit leur validité. Ce constat nous amène à conclure que les effets des applications pédagogiques proposées dans la littérature devraient être vérifiés par la recherche scientifique afin de s’assurer de leur efficacité.
Formation process of relativistic electron flux through interaction with chorus emissions in the Earth's inner magnetosphere
Authors: Omura Yoshiharu , Miyashita Yu , Yoshikawa Masato , Summers Danny , Hikishima Mitsuru , Ebihara Yusuke , Kubota Yuko 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe perform test particle simulations of energetic electrons interacting with whistler mode chorus emissions. We compute trajectories of a large number of electrons forming a delta function with the same energy and equatorial pitch angle. The electrons are launched at different locations along the magnetic field line and different timings with respect to a pair of chorus emissions generated at the magnetic equator. We follow the evolution of the delta function and obtain a distribution function in energy and equatorial pitch angle, which is a numerical Green's function for one cycle of chorus wave‐particle interaction. We obtain the Green's functions for the energy range 10 keV–6 MeV and all pitch angles greater than the loss cone angle. By taking the convolution integral of the Green's functions with the distribution function of the injected electrons repeatedly, we follow a long‐time evolution of the distribution function. We find that the energetic electrons are accelerated effectively by relativistic turning acceleration and ultrarelativistic acceleration through nonlinear trapping by chorus emissions. Further, these processes result in the rapid formation of a dumbbell distribution of highly relativistic electrons within a few minutes after the onset of the continuous injection of 10–30 keV electrons.
Effects of solar wind high‐speed streams on the high‐latitude ionosphere: Superposed epoch study
Authors: Grandin M. , Aikio A. T. , Kozlovsky A. , Ulich T. , Raita T. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSolar wind high‐speed streams (HSSs) are the most important source of geomagnetic disturbances during the declining phase of the solar cycle. Their ionospheric response, especially at high latitudes, is not fully understood yet. We carried out a phase‐locked superposed epoch analysis to study the effects of HSSs on the high‐latitude ionospheric F region, using data from the Sodankylä ionosonde (L = 5.25) during 2006–2008. We found that the F layer critical frequency foF2 decreases between 12 and 23 magnetic local time (MLT) in summer and around equinoxes for several days. Our interpretation, supported by numerical estimations, is that increased electric fields in the evening sector of the auroral and subauroral regions create ion‐neutral frictional heating. Frictional heating will increase the loss rate of O+ due to two reasons. The first one is neutral heating producing thermal expansion of the atmosphere and enhancing N2 and O2 contents at the F region peak. The second one is ion heating which may occur under strong enough electric fields (about 50–60 mV/m), leading to enhancement of the reaction coefficients. An increase in foF2 is observed in two different MLT sectors. First, a short‐lived foF2 increase is visible during all seasons near noon on the first day after the arrival of the HSS, possibly triggered by the compressed solar wind plasma pressure pulse, which may produce particle precipitation from the dayside central plasma sheet. Second, foF2 is enhanced for several days in the morning sector during equinoxes and in winter. We suggest that this is caused by the low‐energy tail of particle precipitation.
Comparative compressibility of hydrous wadsleyite and ringwoodite: Effect of H2O and implications for detecting water in the transition zone
Authors: Chang Yun‐Yuan , Jacobsen Steven D. , Bina Craig R. , Thomas Sylvia‐Monique , Smyth Joseph R. , Frost Daniel J. , Boffa Ballaran Tiziana , McCammon Catherine A. , Hauri Erik H. , Inoue Toru , Yurimoto Hisayoshi , Meng Yue , Dera Przemyslaw 
Published: November 2015

AbstractReview of recent mineral physics literature shows consistent trends for the influence of Fe and H2O on the bulk modulus (K0) of wadsleyite and ringwoodite, the major phases of Earth's mantle transition zone (410–660 km). However, there is little consensus on the first pressure derivative, K0′ = (dK/dP)P=0, which ranges from about 4 to >5 across experimental studies and compositions. Here we demonstrate the importance of K0′ in evaluating the bulk sound velocity of the transition zone in terms of water content and provide new constraints on the effect of H2O on K0′ for wadsleyite and ringwoodite by conducting a comparative compressibility study. In the experiment, multiple crystals of hydrous Fo90 wadsleyite containing 2.0 and 0.25 wt % H2O were loaded into the same diamond anvil cell, along with hydrous ringwoodite containing 1.4 wt % H2O. By measuring their pressure‐volume evolution simultaneously up to 32 GPa, we constrain the difference in K0′ independent of the pressure scale, finding that H2O has no effect on K0′, whereas the effect of H2O on K0 is significant. The fitted K0′ values of hydrous wadsleyite (0.25 and 2.0 wt % H2O) and hydrous ringwoodite (1.4 wt % H2O) examined in this study were found to be identical within uncertainty, with K0′ ~3.7(2). New secondary‐ion mass spectrometry measurements of the H2O content of these and previously investigated wadsleyite samples shows the bulk modulus of wadsleyite is reduced by 7.0(5) GPa/wt % H2O, independent of Fe content for upper mantle compositions. Because K0′ is unaffected by H2O, the reduction of bulk sound velocity in very hydrous regions of transition zone is expected to be on the order of 1.6%, which is potentially detectible in high‐resolution, regional seismology studies.
Latest Miocene to Quaternary deformation in the southern Chaiwopu Basin, northern Chinese Tian Shan foreland
Authors: Lu Honghua , Wang Zhen , Zhang Tianqi , Zhao Junxiang , Zheng Xiangmin , Li Youli 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBasinward propagation of fold and thrust belts is a crucial geological process accommodating Cenozoic crustal shortening within the India‐Eurasia collision zone. Anticlinal growth strata in the southern Chaiwopu Basin (a piggyback basin) of the northern Chinese Tian Shan foreland record basinward encroachment of the Tian Shan along the Junggar Frontal Thrust Fault. A new magnetostratigraphic section constrains the onset of syntectonic growth strata at circa 6.4 Ma and suggests synchronous basinward thrusting and propagation of the Tian Shan. The intense alluviation in the southern Chaiwopu Basin ceased at circa 0.55 Ma due to significant anticlinal growth and its resultant river incision. More recent anticlinal growth and deformation during the late Quaternary are revealed by folded river terraces developing across the anticline. The terrace height profile indicates that terrace T1Hhas been vertically offset about 0.6 m by thrust faulting since its formation at about 7 Ka. The stratigraphic and geomorphic data presented in this work are helpful to understand the initiation of thrust‐related folding, as well as aggradation and subsequent incision, in foreland basins of the Tian Shan in relation to the India‐Asia collision.
Hydrous state of the subducting Philippine Sea plate inferred from receiver function image using onshore and offshore data
Authors: Akuhara Takeshi , Mochizuki Kimihiro 
Published: November 2015

AbstractExploring the hydrous state of subducting oceanic crust is intriguing because it is considered to affect the strength of megathrust faults that cause various types of earthquakes; however, its state beneath offshore regions remains unclear. In this study, we investigated fluid contents along the subducting Philippine Sea plate around the Kii Peninsula by receiver function (RF) analysis using data from both on‐land stations and ocean bottom seismometers (OBSs). The vertical component of OBS records contains dominant water reverberations, and thus, conventional methods fail to estimate RFs correctly. We therefore developed a method to calculate RFs that removes such reverberations. The RFs calculated by our method showed considerable improvement for later phase identification, compared with those obtained using a conventional method. Resultant RF amplitudes suggest the existence of low‐velocity zones directly beneath the plate interface of both onshore and offshore regions. We interpreted this as evidence of hydrous oceanic crust, which extends from 5 km to 35 km depth to the plate interface. Reduction of RF amplitudes beneath the Kii Peninsula suggests that dehydration of the oceanic crust increases the seismic velocity, and the accompanying densification makes the plate interface permeable. This permeable plate interface may characterize the location of non‐volcanic tremors. This contrasts with long‐term slow slip events because it is believed that they occur along the sealed plate interface. Comparison between the plate geometry and local earthquakes reveals the paucity of earthquakes in the oceanic crust below a certain depth, which provides further insight into the dehydration process in the oceanic crust.
Mechanism of formation of wiggly compaction bands in porous sandstone: 2. Numerical simulation using discrete element method
Authors: Liu Chun , Pollard David D. , Gu Kai , Shi Bin 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWiggly compaction bands in porous aeolian sandstone vary from chevron shape to wavy shape to nearly straight. In some outcrops these variations occur along a single band. A bonded close‐packed discrete element model is used to investigate what mechanical properties control the formation of wiggly compaction bands (CBs). To simulate the volumetric yielding failure of porous sandstone, a discrete element shrinks when the force state of one of its bonds reaches the yielding cap defined by the failure force and the aspect ratio (k) of the yielding ellipse. A Matlab code “MatDEM3D” has been developed on the basis of this enhanced discrete element method. Mechanical parameters of elements are chosen according to the elastic properties and the strengths of porous sandstone. In numerical simulations, the failure angle between the band segment and maximum principle stress decreases from 90° to approximately 45° as k increases from 0.5 to 2, and compaction bands vary from straight to chevron shape. With increasing strain, subsequent compaction occurs inside or beside compacted elements, which leads to further compaction and thickening of bands. The simulations indicate that a greater yielding stress promotes chevron CBs, and a greater cement strength promotes straight CBs. Combined with the microscopic analysis introduced in the companion paper, we conclude that the shape of wiggly CBs is controlled by the mechanical properties of sandstone, including the aspect ratio of the yielding ellipse, the critical yielding stress, and the cement strength, which are determined primarily by petrophysical attributes, e.g., grain sorting, porosity, and cementation.
Dust interannual variability and trend in Central Asia from 2000 to 2014 and their climatic linkages
Authors: Xi Xin , Sokolik Irina N. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe present a comprehensive analysis of the interannual variability and trend of dust aerosol in Central Asia (37°–55°N, 50°–80°E) from 2000 to 2014, based on a set of dust emission simulations using the WRF‐Chem‐DuMo modeling system, observations of dust frequency derived from surface station synoptic weather records, and dust optical depth (DOD) derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Sea‐viewing Wide Field‐of‐view Sensor (SeaWiFS) aerosol optical depth (AOD) products. Model simulations reveal that the soil grain size distribution has little impact on the interannual variability of dust fluxes but strongly affects their magnitude. The two physically based dust schemes based on Marticorena and Bergametti (1995) (MB) and Shao et al. (1996) (Shao) produce large differences in the dust flux magnitude and spatiotemporal distributions, largely due to different sensitivities of the threshold friction velocity to vegetation‐induced surface roughness. By using a fixed threshold velocity, the dust scheme of Tegen and Fung (1995) (TF) relies on the dynamic dust source function to capture the dust variability associated with vegetation changes. Through a correlation analysis, the simulated dust fluxes show good consistency with the observed dust frequency, whereas only the Shao and TF dust fluxes are consistent with the MODIS Collection 5.1 and SeaWiFS DOD. The dust fluxes, dust frequency, and DOD (except MODIS Collection 6) are highly correlated with the frequency of strong surface winds but show different sensitivities to drought and soil erodibility factors (i.e., precipitation, soil moisture, and vegetation) which are influenced by El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). In general, La Niña years are associated with reduced precipitation, drier soils, less vegetation, and, consequently, more severe drought and enhanced dust activity in Central Asia. The averaged dust flux of the MB and Shao experiments shows a significant negative trend of −2.00 ± 0.59 × 10−3 g m−2 yr−1 from 2000 to 2014, which is consistent with the trends in the TF dust flux (−1.74 ± 0.34 × 10−3 g m−2 yr−1), dust frequency (−0.63 ± 0.21 × 10−3 yr−1), and SeaWiFS AOD (−3.3 ± 1.3 × 10−3 AOD yr−1), as well as the decreasing tendency in the MODIS AOD after the ENSO effect is removed. The negative dust trend is driven by a decline in the surface winds, which is likely due to changes in large‐scale atmospheric circulation rather than the local effect of vegetation‐induced surface roughness.
Sex Differences in Furniture Assembly Performance: An Experimental Study
Authors: Wiking Susanne , Brattfjell Maria L. , Iversen Eric E. , Malinowska Kasia , Mikkelsen Reidun L. , Røed Lars Petter , Westgren Jørgen E. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThis study examined sex differences in furniture assembly performance by manipulating the availability of instructions. Two groups of participants with an equal number of men and women assembled a kitchen trolley from IKEA. One group received step‐by‐step instructions, and the other group a diagram of the finished product. In addition, individual spatial ability was measured with the mental rotation test (MRT) and added to the analyses. Our results showed that men assembled the furniture faster (d = 0.78) and more accurately (d = 0.65) than women. Overall, participants performed better with step‐by‐step instructions than without (d = 0.61), and the time spent on instructions was negatively related to MRT scores, r = −.428, p = .006. Aside from the time spent on instructions, women assembled the furniture nearly as fast as men did, and the sex difference in assembly score could be explained by differences in individual spatial ability. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Persistence of Erroneous Information in Memory: The Effect of Valence on the Acceptance of Corrected Information
Authors: Guillory Jimmeka J. , Geraci Lisa 
Published: November 2015

SummaryPeople often have difficulty changing previously held, but erroneous, beliefs. This finding is particularly worrisome in politics where misinformation is regularly distributed about political candidates. We examined whether initial inferences about a fictional political candidate could be corrected, and whether people's willingness to accept a correction was influenced by the valence of the information being corrected. Participants read a list of statements describing a politician running for re‐election in which a negative, positive or neutral piece of information about the politician was later corrected. Results showed that receiving a correction reduced reliance on the original information for all types of information: positive, negative and neutral. Results also showed that participants tended to rely on negative information the most when answering inference questions, regardless of whether it was corrected or not. Results have implications for decision‐making in politics and other applied areas.Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Iron‐Catalyzed Dioxygenation of Alkenes and Terminal Alkynes by using (Diacetoxyiodo)benzene as Oxidant
Authors: Srinivas B. T. V. , Rawat Vikas S. , Sreedhar Bojja 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAn iron‐catalyzed syn‐diacetoxylation of alkenes and 1,2‐oxyacetoxylation of terminal alkynes has been developed using (diacetoxyiodo)benzene as oxidant. A broad range of internal and terminal alkenes, including electron‐rich as well as electron‐deficient alkenes, gave the desired products in good to excellent yields with high diastereoselectivity (up to >99:1 dr). In addition the high catalytic activity of iron catalysis for the 1,2‐oxyacetoxylation of terminal alkynes is also reported. The roles of catalyst, oxidant and other reaction parameters were evaluated for activation of the unsaturated bond.magnified image
Ontogeny of 3D rib curvature and its importance for the understanding of human thorax development
Authors: García‐Martínez Daniel , Recheis Wolfgang , Bastir Markus 
Published: November 2015

ObjectivesSagittal and axial rib orientation relative to the spine are two factors that modify rib cage morphology during ontogeny. Some studies suggest that these factors do not operate in the same way at the upper (ribs 1–5) and lower thorax (ribs 6–10) during postnatal growth, but it is unknown if the ontogenetic thoracic changes are produced by morphological changes of the ribs (intrinsic rib factors) or by external factors related to costal joints (extrinsic rib factors).Material and methodsTo clarify these questions, we applied 3D geometric morphometrics of landmarks and sliding semilandmarks (N = 20/rib) to 280 individual ribs (1–10) of Homo sapiens comprising the entire human ontogeny and growth simulations were carried out.ResultsPCA shows that intrinsic rib factors (rib torsion and axial rib curvature) are ontogenetic factors of variability that contribute to configuring the adult thorax shape. Moreover, growth simulations and regression slopes suggest that the upper thorax unit is comprised by ribs 1–7 and the lower unit at least by ribs 8–10.DiscussionThese results suggest anatomical constraints for ontogenetic rib variation, since ribs 1–7 (true ribs) are directly linked to the sternum. Moreover, these results are supported by functional anatomy because pulmonary kinematics would influence the upper unit and diaphragmatic kinematics would influence the lower one. Our findings are relevant not only to understanding how changes at individual ribs contribute to the adult thorax morphology, but also to the development and evolution of the modern human rib cage. Am J Phys Anthropol 159:423–431, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.