bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of life review on psycho‐spiritual well‐being among patients with life‐threatening illness: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Ying , Xiao Huimin , Yang Yanqing , Lan Xiuyan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to examine the strength of evidence regarding the effects of life review on psycho‐spiritual well‐being among patients with life‐threatening illness.BackgroundLife‐threatening illness not only causes physical symptoms but also psycho‐spiritual burdens. Life review has been widely implemented to assist people coping with these burdens. However, the effectiveness of life review is not clear. To date, no systematic review or meta‐analysis has been published on this topic.Design and review methodsA systematic review with meta‐ analysis consistent with the recommendations of the Cochrane Collaboration was conducted.Data sourcesDatabase searches included MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, CNKI and VIP et al. up to April 2015. We also searched the grey literature, reviewed reference lists from relevant articles and book chapters and contacted experts.ResultsNine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and two controlled clinical trials (CCTs) were eligible for this systematic review and meta‐analysis. The risk of bias for those studies were rated as moderate (n = 11). The meta‐analyses demonstrated significant standardized mean differences or mean differences in favour of life review compared with the control for depression, quality of life and self‐esteem.ConclusionThe findings indicate that life review can decrease depressive symptoms, improve quality of life and enhance self‐esteem among patients with life‐threatening illnesses. Multi‐centre studies with adequate sample size and rigorous designs are needed in future research.
A concept analysis of compassionate midwifery
Authors: Ménage Diane , Bailey Elizabeth , Lees Susan , Coad Jane 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimTo report a concept analysis of compassionate midwifery.BackgroundRecently, compassion has been incorporated into United Kingdom nursing and midwifery language through strategy, policy, recruitment and education. Professional standards direct midwives to practise compassionately therefore the concept of compassionate midwifery exists, although this has yet to be explored as a concept in the UK or internationally. An understanding of what constitutes compassionate midwifery has the potential to increase midwifery knowledge and improve practice.DesignConcept Analysis.Data sourcesLiterature from 1990–2015 was searched using MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and ETHOS. Grey literature and examples of everyday usage of the concept were searched using Google.MethodsAn adapted model of evolutionary concept analysis.ResultsExplanations of compassionate midwifery were absent in the literature therefore the gathered data were evaluated in relation to elements of the compassion process: recognition of suffering, emotion, motivation and action. Compassionate midwifery is defined as the interrelations of authentic presence, noticing suffering, empathy, connectedness/relationship, emotion work, motivation to help/support, empowering women and alleviating suffering through negotiation, knowledge and skills. Antecedents and consequences were also identified and depicted in a schematic representation of the concept.ConclusionThis concept analysis provides a unique examination of compassionate midwifery and starting point for reflection on practice, education and further analysis. Empirical studies will provide the potential to take the process further by studying the experience of compassionate midwifery from different perspectives. A theory of compassionate midwifery will develop as new findings emerge.
Dyads experience over confidence in hand‐eye coordination skills after placebo alcohol
Authors: Frings Daniel , Albery Ian P. , Rolph Kimberly , Leczfalvy Anna , Smaczny Stefan , Moss Antony C. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAn experiment tested the effects of dyad membership and the prospect of completing a motor‐skills task on alcohol placebo consumption and task confidence. Participants (n = 115) completed a taste preference task while alone or in dyads. Half the individuals and half the dyads expected to subsequently complete a motor‐skills task and rated task confidence pre and post‐consumption. Individuals expecting the task consumed less than those in the non‐task condition and felt less confident in their abilities post‐consumption. Among those expecting the task, dyad members' consumption did not reduce and their post‐consumption confidence was higher than individuals'. Findings suggest dyad membership can lead to overconfidence. Attempts to reduce alcohol related harms must balance the protective properties of dyads with risks of overconfidence.
Blanking Period Phenomenon After a Second Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Session: The Application and Factors Related to It
Authors: FUJIMOTO YUHI , HAYASHI MEISO , IWASAKI YU‐KI , YODOGAWA KENJI , YAMAMOTO TEPPEI , TSUBOI IPPEI , TAKAHASHI KENTA , IZUMI YUKI , OKA EIICHIRO , HAGIWARA KANAKO , MIYAUCHI YASUSHI , SHIMIZU WATARU 
Published: November 2016

Blanking Period After a Second AF AblationIntroductionThe concept of a 3‐month blanking period is widely accepted after the first radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) session for atrial fibrillation (AF). We sought to investigate whether this phenomenon was also observed after a 2nd session, and which factors were related to it.Methods and ResultsWe conducted a prospective observational study including all AF patients who underwent RFCA since 2010. The patients who underwent a second RFCA were followed without any antiarrhythmic drugs. Their clinical background, laboratory data, echocardiographic parameters, ablation procedures, and arrhythmia recurrences were analyzed. Recurrences were classified into early period recurrences (EPRs) and late period recurrences (LPRs) recorded within and after the first 3 months postablation, respectively. Among 925 patients who underwent an initial AF ablation, 2nd sessions were performed in 250 patients, and EPRs and LPRs occurred in 53 (21.2%) and 54 (21.6%) patients, respectively. Although EPRs were an independent predictor of LPRs (hazard ratio [HR], 8.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.03–15.93, P < 0.001), 20 of the patients with EPRs (37.7%) did not experience LPRs, supporting the concept of a blanking period. Among 53 patients with EPRs, the E/E′ ratio on echocardiography (HR, 1.156; 95% CI 1.00–1.33, P = 0.04) was an independent predictor of LPRs, while other parameters including the maximum serum C‐reactive protein level after the session and the ablation procedure details were not.ConclusionA 3‐month blanking period was also applicable after the 2nd AF ablation session. This phenomenon was related to a lower left atrial pressure demonstrated by the E/E′ ratio.
Risk factors in periodontology: a conceptual framework
Authors: Bouchard Philippe , Carra Maria Clotilde , Boillot Adrien , Mora Francis , Rangé Hélène 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimThe definition and assessment of risk factors, risk indicators and predisposing factors are of paramount importance in the understanding of the pathogenesis of periodontitis, as well as in its prevention and treatment. This article aims to emphasize the concepts of causal chains and the causal network of risk factors in periodontitis.Materials and MethodsThis is a narrative review focusing on two main questions: (1) what is a risk in periodontology? and (2) how can a risk be assessed?ResultsThe probability of the occurrence of an adverse outcome following exposure is not sufficient to analyse the impact of a risk factor on the disease. A network model for the pathway of risk factors in the pathogenesis of periodontitis is described. This article emphasizes the concepts of causal chains and the causal network of risk factors in periodontitis.ConclusionChronic periodontal diseases are among the most complex non‐communicable diseases. A conceptual framework intended to clarify the relationship between risk and causality may improve the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of chronic diseases. The proposed causal network may provide a model to assess the role of risk factors in periodontitis.
Exercise and sleep: a systematic review of previous meta‐analyses
Authors: Kelley George A , Kelley Kristi Sharpe 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectiveConduct a systematic review of previous meta‐analyses on exercise and sleep outcomes in adults and a meta‐analysis of studies nested within these meta‐analyses.MethodsMeta‐analyses of randomized controlled exercise interventions were included by searching nine electronic databases and cross‐referencing. Dual‐selection and data abstraction were conducted. Methodological quality of meta‐analyses was assessed using AMSTAR and quality of evidence using GRADE. Random‐effects models were used to pool results from the individual studies included in each meta‐analysis.ResultsThree meta‐analyses representing 950 adults were included. Methodological quality ranged from 36% to 64% while quality of evidence was very low to low. Statistically significant improvements (P ≤ 0.05) were observed for the apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI), overall sleep quality, global score, subjective sleep, and sleep latency. The number‐needed‐to‐treat (NNT) and percentile improvements ranged from 4 to 7 and from 18.1 to 26.5, respectively. When overall sleep quality results from individual studies nested within different meta‐analyses were pooled, statistically significant standardized mean difference (SMD) improvements were observed (–0.50, 95% CI –0.72 to –0.28). The NNT and percentile improvement were 7 and 19, respectively.ConclusionsExercise improves selected sleep outcomes in adults. To increase public health reach, a large, well‐designed, and more inclusive meta‐analysis is needed.
Enhancing predictive accuracy and reproducibility in clinical evaluation research
Authors: Bryant Fred B. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis paper introduces a special section of the current issue of the Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice that includes a set of 6 empirical articles showcasing a versatile, new machine‐learning statistical method, known as optimal data (or discriminant) analysis (ODA), specifically designed to produce statistical models that maximize predictive accuracy. As this set of papers clearly illustrates, ODA offers numerous important advantages over traditional statistical methods—advantages that enhance the validity and reproducibility of statistical conclusions in empirical research. This issue of the journal also includes a review of a recently published book that provides a comprehensive introduction to the logic, theory, and application of ODA in empirical research. It is argued that researchers have much to gain by using ODA to analyze their data.
Flood frequency analysis for an urban watershed: comparison between several statistical methodologies simulating synthetic rainfall events
Authors: Notaro V. , Fontanazza C.M. , La Loggia G. , Freni G. 
Published: November 2016

To obtain the flooding frequency distribution for an urban watershed, different methods based on simulations of synthetic rainfall events were compared with an empirical analysis of the flooding data and with the results of long‐term simulations. A copula‐based multivariate statistical analysis of the main hydrological variables was proposed to generate synthetic hyetographs. Two different approaches were adopted to assess a temporal pattern to the synthetic rainfall: one analyses all available historical rainfall patterns, and another adopts the cluster analysis in three different variants to reduce the computational effort of the analysis.To test the methodology reliability, the analysis was carried out for a real urban watershed. To carry out the flooding frequency analysis, all generated synthetic hyetographs were used as input of a dual drainage mathematical model of the analysed drainage system. Results showed that the method based on the analysis of all historical rainfall patterns was efficient in the estimation of flooding frequency, especially for higher return periods and approximately halved the computational costs of ordinary long‐term analysis. Regarding clustering approaches, although attractive for their computational efficiency, their adoption must be carefully evaluated because it could neglect relevant information and result in a less accurate flood frequency analysis.
Personal computer versus personal computer/mobile device combination users’ preclinical laboratory e‐learning activity
Authors: Kon Haruka , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Sakurai Naoki , Watanabe Kiyoshi , Yamaga Yoshiro , Ono Takahiro 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to clarify differences between personal computer (PC)/mobile device combination and PC‐only user patterns. We analyzed access frequency and time spent on a complete denture preclinical website in order to maximize website effectiveness.MethodsFourth‐year undergraduate students (N=41) in the preclinical complete denture laboratory course were invited to participate in this survey during the final week of the course to track login data. Students accessed video demonstrations and quizzes via our e‐learning site/course program, and were instructed to view online demonstrations before classes. When the course concluded, participating students filled out a questionnaire about the program, their opinions, and devices they had used to access the site.ResultsCombination user access was significantly more frequent than PC‐only during supplementary learning time, indicating that students with mobile devices studied during lunch breaks and before morning classes. Most students had favorable opinions of the e‐learning site, but a few combination users commented that some videos were too long and that descriptive answers were difficult on smartphones.ConclusionsThese results imply that mobile devices’ increased accessibility encouraged learning by enabling more efficient time use between classes. They also suggest that e‐learning system improvements should cater to mobile device users by reducing video length and including more short‐answer questions.
Sex ratio of mirid populations shifts in response to hostplant co‐infestation or altered cytokinin signaling
Authors: Adam Nora , Erler Theresa , Kallenbach Mario , Kaltenpoth Martin , Kunert Grit , Baldwin Ian T. , Schuman Meredith C. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHerbivore species sharing a host plant often compete. In this study, we show that host plant‐mediated interaction between two insect herbivores − a generalist and a specialist − results in a sex ratio shift of the specialist's offspring. We studied demographic parameters of the specialist Tupiocoris notatus (Hemiptera: Miridae) when co‐infesting the host plant Nicotiana attenuata (Solanaceae) with the generalist leafhopper Empoasca sp. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). We show that the usually female‐biased sex ratio of T. notatus shifts toward a higher male proportion in the offspring on plants co‐infested by Empoasca sp. This sex ratio change did not occur after oviposition, nor is it due differential mortality of female and male nymphs. Based on pyrosequencing and PCR of bacterial 16S rRNA amplicons, we concluded that sex ratio shifts were unlikely to be due to infection with Wolbachia or other known sex ratio‐distorting endosymbionts. Finally, we used transgenic lines of N. attenuata to evaluate if the sex ratio shift could be mediated by changes in general or specialized host plant metabolites. We found that the sex ratio shift occurred on plants deficient in two cytokinin receptors (irCHK2/3). Thus, cytokinin‐regulated traits can alter the offspring sex ratio of the specialist T. notatus.
Exploring the experiences of patients attending day hospitals in the rural Scotland: capturing the patient's voice
Authors: Adamson Elizabeth , Pow Janette , Houston Fiona , Redpath Pamela 
Published: November 2016

Aims and objectivesTo understand the meaning of person‐centred compassionate care for people attending day hospitals in rural Scotland.BackgroundIncreasing numbers of older people are living with chronic conditions and require support to live at home. Intermediate care services such as day hospitals can enable this. Much previous research about day hospitals focused on organisational aspects of care. This study set out to capture the voice of the patient using this service.DesignA descriptive qualitative study.MethodsIndividual interviews were undertaken in participant's homes using emotional touchpoints as prompts to help patients discuss their experience of care within a day hospital (n = 15). Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsFour main themes were identified from the data: Relationships, Feeling Valued, Expectations and Perceived Benefits. The findings showed that relationships with staff and other patients were important. The patients also wanted to feel valued, and helping others was part of this. The patients had clear expectations of the service but had an acute awareness of the benefits of attending the day hospital such as coordination of their care. Overall, the patients were highly satisfied, felt that care was person‐centred and recognised the advantages of remaining close to home.ConclusionsAt a time when enabling health and social care integration is a priority, this study provides insight into the patient perspective of intermediate care. The findings reveal what matters to patients cared for in the community and how this service can respond to this.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study provides insight for healthcare practitioners caring for patients in the community and those responsible for planning and resourcing this service. It should also start a dialogue about how these services could be used more.
Is the neonatal creatine phosphokinase level a reliable marker for fetal hypoxia?
Authors: Muraoka Mitsue , Takagi Koichiro , Morita Yoshihiro , Nagano Hiroaki , Henmi Nobuhide , Hasegawa Hisaya 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimThe creatine phosphokinase (CPK) level is believed to increase in neonatal peripheral blood after tissue damage, including damage from perinatal hypoxia. However, it is not clear whether it is truly a reliable marker for fetal hypoxia. We investigated the chronological changes in neonatal CPK and the reliability of CPK as a marker for fetal hypoxia.MethodsSixty term neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East from April 2009 to April 2010 were enrolled in this study. We evaluated whether asphyxia and fetal heart rate (FHR) abnormality could predict the neonatal CPK level by using receiver–operator curve analysis. We also compared umbilical cord blood pH levels with neonatal CPK levels. In addition, we investigated factors that influence neonatal CPK in non‐asphyxia cases.ResultsThe median value of CPK peaked on day 1. There were no significant differences in CPK levels regardless of the presence of asphyxia or FHR abnormality. Non‐asphyxiated neonates with older gestational ages and amniotic fluid abnormalities had significantly higher levels of CPK.ConclusionOur results indicate that the neonatal CPK level is not an appropriate marker for retrospectively predicting either asphyxia or FHR abnormality. There are influencing factors other than asphyxia that increase neonatal CPK. Therefore, one should be careful when making a diagnosis of perinatal hypoxia based solely on increased levels of neonatal CPK after birth.
Prenatal diagnosis and successful intrauterine treatment of severe congenital hypothyroidism associated with fetal goiter
Authors: Ferianec Vladimír , Papcun Peter , Grochal František , Schenková Katarína , Bártová Michaela 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCongenital hypothyroidism with fetal goiter is a rare condition associated with severe, but possibly preventable, intrauterine and postnatal complications. Ultrasound examination after 20 weeks of pregnancy enables prenatal diagnosis and early treatment. Due to limited transplacental transport of thyroid hormones, direct intrauterine treatment is needed. So far, only a few reports of fetal goitrous hypothyroidism have been published and no consensus on adequate management exists. We present a case of severe fetal goitrous hypothyroidism diagnosed at 23 gestational weeks treated by sequential intra‐amniotic administration of L‐thyroxin. Treatment resulted in significant goiter reduction and normalization of amniotic hormone levels, and enabled uncomplicated vaginal delivery at term. Current knowledge regarding prenatal diagnosis and intrauterine treatment were unified and applied within this case and a recommendation for clinical practice is provided in this report.
Neuroticism and Extraversion Magnify Discrepancies Between Retrospective and Concurrent Affect Reports
Authors: Lay Jennifer C. , Gerstorf Denis , Scott Stacey B. , Pauly Theresa , Hoppmann Christiane A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectiveAlthough research often relies on retrospective affect self‐reports, little is known about personality's role in retrospective reports and how these converge or deviate from affect reported in the moment. This micro‐longitudinal study examines personality (Neuroticism, Extraversion) and emotional salience (peak and recent affect) associations with retrospective‐momentary affect report discrepancies over different time frames.MethodParticipants were 179 adults aged 20–78 (M = 48.7 years; 73.7% Caucasian/White) who each provided up to 60 concurrent affect reports over 10 days, then retrospectively reported overall intensity of each affective state after 1 day and again after 1–2 months.ResultsMultilevel models revealed that individuals retrospectively overreported or underreported various affective states, exhibiting peak associations for high arousal positive and negative affect, recency associations for low arousal positive affect, and distinct personality profiles that strengthened over time. Individuals high in both Extraversion and Neuroticism exaggerated high arousal positive and negative affect and underreported low arousal positive affect, high Extraversion/low Neuroticism individuals exaggerated high arousal positive affect and underreported low arousal positive affect, and low Extraversion/high Neuroticism individuals exaggerated high and low arousal negative affect.ConclusionsThis study is the first to identify arousal‐specific retrospective affect report discrepancies over time and suggests retrospective reports also reflect personality differences in affective self‐knowledge.