bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Untersuchungen zur Steifigkeit und Ultraschallgeschwindigkeit dynamisch beanspruchter Betonproben
Authors: von der Haar Christoph , Marx Steffen 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn dynamisch beanspruchten Betonstrukturen treten Schädigungsprozesse auf, die sich in Abhängigkeit vom Beanspruchungsniveau und von der Lastzyklenzahl entwickeln. Mit der Schädigungsentwicklung nimmt die Steifigkeit des Betons ab, wodurch erwartet wird, dass sie Spannungsumlagerungen auf Bauteilebene hervorruft, welche die Lebensdauer der Bauwerke günstig beeinflusst. Die Messung derartiger Steifigkeitsdegradationen und Spannungsumlagerungen ist bislang in‐situ als auch unter Laborbedingungen nicht gelungen. Es konnte in der Regel lediglich festgestellt werden, dass die reale Lebensdauer größer ist als die rechnerische bzw. Indikatoren wie die Bauteildurchbiegung mit der Lastwechselzahl zunehmen.Im Gegenzug scheinen Ultraschallmessverfahren für die Beschreibung derartiger Degradationsprozesse gut geeignet zu sein. So wird vermutet, dass anhand von Ultraschallgeschwindigkeitsmessungen die Steifigkeitsdegradation dynamisch beanspruchter Betonbauteile erfasst werden kann. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden Ermüdungsversuche an kleinformatigen Betonproben durchgeführt. Ziel war es, die Steifigkeitsdegradation der Probekörper und die Ergebnisse von Ultraschalllaufzeitmessungen vergleichend gegenüber zu stellen, um Aussagen über deren Korrelation zu treffen sowie Anwendungspotenziale für ein Lebensdauermonitoring zu identifizieren.Investigations on stiffness and ultrasonic pulse velocity of concrete under fatigue loadsIn dynamically loaded concrete structures damage processes occur which depend on the stress level and the number of applied load cycles. The damage evolution is linked with the stiffness reduction of the concrete. It is expected that the stiffness reduction causes stress redistributions at the component level and affects the service life of the structure favorable. But until now the stiffness reduction and the stress redistribution has not been measured in laboratory tests and in situ successfully. It was only found that the real service life is greater than the calculated one or indicators for the stiffness reduction like the component deflection increases with the number of applied load cycles.In return ultrasound measurement methods are handled to be well suited for the description of such degradation processes. It is supposed that on the basis of ultrasonic pulse velocity measurements the stiffness reduction of dynamically loaded concrete structures can be observed reliable. Against this background, fatigue tests were performed on small‐sized concrete specimens. The aim of the tests was to compare the stiffness reduction of the specimen and the results of ultrasonic transmission measurements to make statements about their correlation and to identify the potential for a lifetime monitoring.
Betrachtungen zur rechnerischen Rissbreite bei frühem und spätem Zwang und bei geometrischen Schwachstellen
Authors: Zahn Franz A. , Wochner Marc 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIm vorliegenden Aufsatz werden die rechnerischen Rissbreiten bei frühem und bei spätem Zwang verglichen. Insbesondere wird der Fall betrachtet, dass nach einer frühen Rissbildung infolge Abfließens der Hydratationswärme im fortgeschrittenen Betonalter Zwängungen durch Schwinden und/oder Temperatureinflüsse entstehen. Es wird gezeigt, dass die im jungen Betonalter entstandenen Risse zunächst breiter werden, bevor neue Risse infolge späten Zwangs entstehen können, und dass die resultierende Rissbreite dann größer ist, als wenn die Risse ausschließlich durch späten Zwang entstehen. Für die rechnerische Behandlung dieser Problematik wird ein einfaches Rechenverfahren aufgezeigt. Des Weiteren wird auf die Konzentration von zwangsbedingten Rissen in Schwachstellen, z. B. bei Bodenplatten und Decken mit großen Aussparungen, eingegangen und es wird dargestellt, wie für solche Bauteilgeometrien die rechnerische Begrenzung der Rissbreite erfolgen kann.Considerations of the Crack Width Resulting from Early and from Late Restraints and in Constrained Concrete Members with Locally Reduced Cross SectionsThis paper compares the theoretical crack widths resulting from restraints of concrete members occurring early and restraints occurring later. In particular the special case of early restraint cracking due to cooling after hydration followed by later restraints due to shrinkage or ambient temperature changes is considered. It is shown that the cracks that have formed early must widen before new cracks can form at a later stage when the concrete tensile strength has increased to a higher value. The cracks thus become wider than those forming only at the later stage. A simple model is presented for the calculation of crack widths in such situations. Further, the paper discusses the concentration of restraint cracks in portions of concrete members that possess a reduced cross sectional area as in slabs with large openings. It is shown how the crack width control can be effectively achieved in such situations.
Über drei Erscheinungen von Unterschied in der Mathematik
Authors: Friedman Michael 
Published: March 2016

AbstractOn Three Appearances of Difference in Mathematics. This article proposes to examine three types of relations between man and equality, as they are embodied in the relation to the minimal condition of the mathematical: the sentence of identity: I=I. Starting our examination from the current common conception of science and mechanism, we aim to reveal that behind the dominating logic of identity there are two other systems of logic, which have arisen during the history of humanity and that of mathematics. Following Serres, the first one might be revealed during the passage from the Babylonian mathematics to the interaction between Thales and the Greek gnomon. The Babylonian epoch marks an era, in which the logic of sameness operates; logic which offers a place for the mathematician. This era is followed by a science, working under the second logic: the logic of identity, which consecrates an axiomatic definition‐based approach, at the expense of the human being. The third logic looms after the discovery of Gödel's incompleteness theorems: that an undecidable statement can be derived within every arithmetical system. Under this logic, the roles of man and the allegedly mathematical automatic machine become even more intertwined: the newly found logic promises instability not only for man, but also for the machinic‐mathematics.
Mitigation of ammonia inhibition by internal dilution in high‐rate anaerobic digestion of food waste leachate and evidences of microbial community response
Authors: Yun Yeo‐Myeong , Kim Dong‐Hoon , Cho Si‐Kyung , Shin Hang‐Sik , Jung Kyung‐Won , Kim Hyun‐Woo 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTA high‐rate anaerobic digestion of food waste leachate were tested using intermittent continuously stirred tank reactors (iCSTRs) to evaluate how severe ammonia inhibition could be mitigated with internal dilution strategy, and to identify how bacterial and archaeal community respond in genus and species level. Experimental results show that the digestion performance was well maintained up to hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 40 days but could not keep steady‐state as HRT decreased to 30 days due to severe free ammonia (FA) inhibition. Coupling internal dilution was the key to relieve the inhibition since it reduced FA concentration as low as 62 mg/L even at HRT 30 days, which corresponds to organic loading rate of 5 g COD/L/d, demonstrating CH4 yield of 0.32 L CH4/g CODadded. It was confirmed that the dilution offers iCTSRs manage severe ammonia inhibition with the balanced community structure between bacteria and archaea in this high‐rate anaerobic digestion. Genus and species level pyrosequencing evidence that FA inhibition to community dynamics of Methanosarcina and Methanosaeta is strongly connected to methanogenesis, and Methanosarcina plays a key role in an iCSTR with the dilution. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1892–1901. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Naphthalene‐Functionalized, Photoluminescent Room Temperature Ionic Liquids Bearing Small Counterions
Authors: Zhu Hongxia , Zhang Geping , Chen Mengjun , Zhou Shengju , Li Guihua , Wang Xiaolin , Zhu Qingzeng , Li Hongguang , Hao Jingcheng 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObtaining π‐conjugated room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) is difficult because of the relatively strong π–π interaction among the π‐moieties. Existing strategies by using bulky counterions greatly hindered further property optimization and potential applications of these intriguing functional fluids through simple ion exchange. Herein, four naphthalene‐functionalized, π‐conjugated RTILs with small counterions (Br−) have been facilely synthesized with high yields. Our strategy is to attach branched alkyl chains to the cationic backbone of the target compounds (2 a–d), which effectively tune inter‐ and intramolecular interactions. Compounds 2 a–d have satisfactory thermal stability (up to 300 °C) and low melting points (<−19 °C). Rheological measurements revealed the fluid character of 2 a–d, whose viscosity decrease with the increase of the alkyl chain length and temperature. The presence of the π‐conjugated naphthalene moiety imparts 2 a–d photoluminescent properties in bulk solutions. Moreover, the absence of strong π–π stacking among the naphthalene units in solvent‐free states enables them to be used as a new generation of photoluminescent inks.
Oncogenic MicroRNAs Biogenesis as a Drug Target: Structure–Activity Relationship Studies on New Aminoglycoside Conjugates
Authors: Vo Duc Duy , Tran Thi Phuong Anh , Staedel Cathy , Benhida Rachid , Darfeuille Fabien , Di Giorgio Audrey , Duca Maria 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a recently discovered category of small RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post‐transcriptional level. Accumulating evidence indicates that miRNAs are aberrantly expressed in a variety of human cancers and that the inhibition of these oncogenic miRNAs could find application in the therapy of different types of cancer. Herein, we describe the synthesis and biological evaluation of new small‐molecule drugs that target oncogenic miRNAs production. In particular, we chose to target two miRNAs (i.e., miRNA‐372 and ‐373) implicated in various types of cancer, such as gastric cancer. Their precursors (pre‐miRNAs) are overexpressed in cancer cells and lead to mature miRNAs after cleavage of their stem‐loop structure by the enzyme Dicer in the cytoplasm. Some of the newly synthesized conjugates can inhibit Dicer processing of the targeted pre‐miRNAs in vitro with increased efficacy relative to our previous results (D.D. Vo et al., ACS Chem. Biol. 2014, 9, 711–721) and, more importantly, to inhibit proliferations of adenocarcinoma gastric cancer (AGS) cells overexpressing these miRNAs, thus representing promising leads for future drug development.
Alcohol Dimer is Requisite to Form an Alkyl Oxonium Ion in the Proton Transfer of a Strong (Photo)Acid to Alcohol
Authors: Park Sun‐Young , Lee Young Min , Kwac Kijeong , Jung Yousung , Kwon Oh‐Hoon 
Published: March 2016

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Oh‐Hoon Kwon at the Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology and the Institute for Basic Science in Ulsan. The image depicts a two‐pan balance representing the enhancement of an alcohol's basicity by hydrogen‐bonded clustering, as investigated by time‐resolved fluorescence quenching of a strong Brønsted photoacid. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201503948.
Preparation of nanocrystalline Ni/Al2O3 catalysts with the microemulsion method for dry reforming of methane
Authors: Shiraz Mohammad Hossein Aboonasr , Rezaei Mehran , Meshkani Fereshteh 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMesoporous nanocrystalline nickel‐alumina catalysts with high surface area were prepared by a microemulsion (ME) method and were employed in methane reforming with carbon dioxide for syngas production. The catalysts were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller surface area analysis (BET), temperature‐programmed reduction (TPR), temperature‐programmed oxidation (TPO), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The results showed that the catalysts possessed mesoporous structure with high surface area (> 250 m2 · g−1) and small crystallite size (∼5 nm). The catalytic results revealed high activity and stability for the prepared catalysts. In addition, the effect of feed ratio and GHSV on catalytic performance was investigated.
Self‐Assembly/Disassembly of Nanostructures Confers “Off/On” Signal for Molecular Imaging
Authors: Cui Yusi , Du Wei , Liang Gaolin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMolecular imaging (MI) plays an important role in both clinical diagnosis and laboratorial research. Developing a “smart” strategy with higher sensitivity for more precise imaging is of great significance but remains challenging. If employed for MI, the self‐assembly/disassembly of nanostructures carries five characteristic superiorities in its specific response to a physiological environment: lower toxicity, longer circulating time, higher imaging efficiency, higher signal‐to‐noise ratio, and ease of functionalization. This review focuses on recent approaches involving the self‐assembly/disassembly of nanostructures for the MI of biological events by using different modalities (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging, optical imaging, plasmonic and photoacoustic imaging). We envision that by incorporating multiple imaging modes to the monomer/nanostructures for self‐assembly/disassembly, researchers should be able to use this “smart” system for more precise MI in the near future.
Dendrimeric Sulfanyl Porphyrazines: Synthesis, Physico‐Chemical Characterization, and Biological Activity for Potential Applications in Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Mlynarczyk Dariusz T. , Lijewski Sebastian , Falkowski Michal , Piskorz Jaroslaw , Szczolko Wojciech , Sobotta Lukasz , Stolarska Magdalena , Popenda Lukasz , Jurga Stefan , Konopka Krystyna , Düzgüneş Nejat , Mielcarek Jadwiga , Goslinski Tomasz 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSulfanyl porphyrazines substituted at their periphery with different dendrimeric moieties up to their first generation were synthesized and characterized by photochemical and biological methods. The presence of a dendrimeric periphery enhanced the spectral properties of the porphyrazines studied. The singlet‐oxygen‐generation quantum yield of the obtained macrocycles ranged from 0.02 to 0.20 and was strongly dependent on the symmetry of the compounds and the terminal groups of the dendritic outer shell. The in vitro biological effects of three most promising tribenzoporphyrazines were examined; the results indicated their potential as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) against two oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines derived from the tongue. The highest photocytotoxicity was found for sulfanyl tribenzoporphyrazine that possessed 4‐[3,5‐di(hydroxymethyl)phenoxy]butyl substituents with nanomolar IC50 values at 10 and 42 nm against CAL 27 and HSC‐3 cell lines, respectively.
Experimental icing affects growth, mortality, and flowering in a high Arctic dwarf shrub
Authors: Milner Jos M. , Varpe Øystein , van der Wal René , Hansen Brage Bremset 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEffects of climate change are predicted to be greatest at high latitudes, with more pronounced warming in winter than summer. Extreme mid‐winter warm spells and heavy rain‐on‐snow events are already increasing in frequency in the Arctic, with implications for snow‐pack and ground‐ice formation. These may in turn affect key components of Arctic ecosystems. However, the fitness consequences of extreme winter weather events for tundra plants are not well understood, especially in the high Arctic. We simulated an extreme mid‐winter rain‐on‐snow event at a field site in high Arctic Svalbard (78°N) by experimentally encasing tundra vegetation in ice. After the subsequent growing season, we measured the effects of icing on growth and fitness indices in the common tundra plant, Arctic bell‐heather (Cassiope tetragona). The suitability of this species for retrospective growth analysis enabled us to compare shoot growth in pre and postmanipulation years in icing treatment and control plants, as well as shoot survival and flowering. Plants from icing treatment plots had higher shoot mortality and lower flowering success than controls. At the individual sample level, heavily flowering plants invested less in shoot growth than nonflowering plants, while shoot growth was positively related to the degree of shoot mortality. Therefore, contrary to expectation, undamaged shoots showed enhanced growth in ice treatment plants. This suggests that following damage, aboveground resources were allocated to the few remaining undamaged meristems. The enhanced shoot growth measured in our icing treatment plants has implications for climate studies based on retrospective analyses ofCassiope. As shoot growth in this species responds positively to summer warming, it also highlights a potentially complex interaction between summer and winter conditions. By documenting strong effects of icing on growth and reproduction of a widespread tundra plant, our study contributes to an understanding of Arctic plant responses to projected changes in winter climatic conditions.
Rural social–ecological systems navigating institutional transitions: case study from transylvania (romania)
Authors: Hartel Tibor , Olga réti Kinga , Craioveanu Cristina , Gallé Róbert , Popa Răzvan , Ioniţă Alina , Demeter László , Rákosy László , Czúcz Bálint 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Traditional rural social–ecological systems (SES) share many features which are crucial for sustainable development. Eastern European countries such as Romania, are still rich in traditional cultural landscapes. However, these landscapes are increasingly under internal (e.g., people's aspirations toward western socioeconomic ideals) and external (institutional changes, globalization of the commodity market, connectivity with other cultures) pressures. Therefore, understanding the ways how traditional SES navigated past and more recent changes is of crucial importance in getting insights about the future trajectory of these systems. Here, we present the rural SES from the Saxon region of Transylvania through the lens of institutional transitions which happened in the past century in this region. We show that the rural SES went through episodic collapses and renewals, their cyclic dynamic being related to the episodic changes of the higher level formal institutions. These episodic collapses and renewals created a social–ecological momentum for the sustainability of these SES. While we recognize that policy effectiveness depends on institutional stability (and institutions are unstable and prone to collapses), maintaining those social–ecological system properties which can assure navigation of societies through the challenges imposed by global changes should be in the heart of every governance system. Such properties includes wide extent of native vegetation, fertile soils, wide range of provisioning ecosystem services, genuine links between people and landscapes and knowledge about the social–ecological systems. These features could provide important capitals and memory elements for the (re)emergence of social–ecological systems (old or new).
Synthesis and Preliminary Biological Evaluation of Fluorescent Glycofused Tricyclic Derivatives of Amyloid β‐Peptide Ligands
Authors: D'Orazio Giuseppe , Colombo Laura , Salmona Mario , La Ferla Barbara 
Published: March 2016

AbstractFluorescent glycofused tricyclic compounds were synthesized through the domino conjugate oxa‐Michael addition/aldol condensation of 2‐hydroxybenzaldehydes with protected 3‐oxoglucal by exploiting activation with an organocatalyst. Stereoselectivity was obtained by using (R)‐(+)‐α,α‐diphenyl‐2‐pyrrolidinemethanol trimethylsilyl ether as the catalyst. All synthesized compounds presented good optical properties. All compounds were able to bind to synthetic amyloid β 1–42 peptide aggregates and to label amyloid plaques from brain sections of transgenic mice affected with Alzheimer's disease with staining properties comparable to thioflavin T.
Evidence for elevated coastal vulnerability following large‐scale historical oyster bed harvesting
Authors: Brandon Christine M. , Woodruff Jonathan D. , Orton Philip M. , Donnelly Jeffrey P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractLiving coastal barriers, such as coral reefs, tidal marshes, mangroves and shellfish beds are widely recognized for their potential role in mitigating flood risk. Limited data exists, however, for assessing the effectiveness of these natural defenses as forms of flood mitigation. In particular, very few mature shellfish beds exist today for modern study due to their destruction in the past few centuries. As an alternative method of study, we present here sedimentary reconstructions of storm overwash from coastal ponds internal to New York Harbor. We use these reconstructions to show that the initial degradation of oyster beds following European settlement of the area coincides with a significant increase in wave‐derived overwash deposition at all three of our field sites. Numerical simulations of two flood events of record in the harbor (Hurricane Sandy and a severe winter storm in 1992) were run without and with oyster beds of varying heights (1 m above the seafloor‐to‐intertidal). Simulations show that the removal of these oyster beds increases wave energy directly off‐shore of our field sites by between 30% and 200%. Sedimentary reconstructions and wave modeling experiments therefore both support oyster beds serving as a significant form of coastal protection prior to European disturbance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Naringenin on Oxidative Stress and Histopathological Changes in the Liver of Lead Acetate Administered Rats
Authors: Ozkaya Ahmet , Sahin Zafer , Dag Uzeyir , Ozkaraca Mustafa 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTLead has several adverse effects on the body due to one of the environmental pollutants. We aimed to determine the effects of naringenin on the oxidative stress and the hepatic damage against lead acetate treatment in the liver of male rats. Naringenin was administered by orogastric gavage (50 mg/kg) and lead acetate was given as daily 500 parts per million in drinking water for 4 weeks. Lead and antioxidant activities were measured, and histopathological evaluation was performed in the liver. Lead concentrations, malondialdehyde, and antioxidant activity were restored by the naringenin. The grade of necrosis, hydropic degeneration, and hepatic cord disorganization was decreased by the naringenin. However, there were no differences in the degree of sinusoidal congestion, hepatic steatosis, and capsular fibrosis between lead acetate and naringenin + lead acetate groups. We can suggest that naringenin has antioxidant and chelating effects in the liver. Nevertheless, this effect is not enough against the lead acetate induced hepatic injury.
Autoparatopisms of Quasigroups and Latin Squares
Authors: Mendis Mahamendige Jayama Lalani , Wanless Ian M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractParatopism is a well‐known action of the wreath product on Latin squares of order n. A paratopism that maps a Latin square to itself is an autoparatopism of that Latin square. Let Par(n) denote the set of paratopisms that are an autoparatopism of at least one Latin square of order n. We prove a number of general properties of autoparatopisms. Applying these results, we determine Par(n) for . We also study the proportion of all paratopisms that are in Par(n) as .