bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of severe placental inflammation with death prior to discharge and cerebral palsy in preterm infants
Authors: Huetz N , Triau S , Leboucher B , Sentilhes L , Hanf M , Nguyen S , Flamant C , Roze JC , Gascoin G 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveThe objective of our study was to identify placental patterns associated with death before discharge or cerebral palsy in a large cohort of preterm infants with a high follow‐up rate at 2 years of corrected age.DesignPopulation‐based monocentric study.SettingsMonocentric study in the maternity unit of the University Hospital of Angers, France between 24+0 and 33+6 weeks of gestation, between January 2008 and December 2011.PopulationAll singleton infants born alive with a placental examination were eligible.MethodsClinical data (obstetric and neonatal) were collected prospectively through the LIFT cohort. Placental data were collected retrospectively from medical records. The main outcome measure was death before discharge or cerebral palsy.ResultsWe did not find any significant association between severe inflammatory lesions on the placenta and death [odds ratio (OR) 1.49; 95% CI 0.55–4.01; P = 0.43] or cerebral palsy (OR 1.41; 95% CI 0.43–4.62; P = 0.57). This lack of significant association persisted even after adjustment (aOR 0.9; 95% CI 0.20–2.30; P = 0.54; aOR 0.98; 95% CI 0.27–3.58; P = 0.97).ConclusionOur results do not provide evidence for a significant association between severe inflammatory placental lesions and either death before discharge or cerebral palsy at 2 years of corrected age in preterm infants born at <34 weeks of gestational age. Further studies remain necessary to confirm this result.Tweetable abstractWe found no significant association between inflammatory placental lesions and death or cerebral palsy.
Misclassifications of Hispanics Using Fordisc 3.1: Comparing Cranial Morphology in Asian and Hispanic Populations
Authors: Dudzik Beatrix , Jantz Richard L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIt has been brought to the attention of the authors of Fordisc 3.1 that Hispanic samples will often misclassify as Japanese when Asian population samples are included. This study examined this problem in an effort to better document the occurrence and deduce possible causes via comparative analyses. Asian and Hispanic samples were first compared utilizing the existing samples from the University of Tennessee's Forensic Data Bank. Additional modern Japanese, Thai, and Korean samples collected by the first author that have previously not been utilized in analyses were subsequently included. Results of this study confirm frequent rates of misclassification among Hispanic and Japanese groups. Furthermore, a close morphological relationship is identified through further group comparisons and the addition of data used in conjunction with Fordisc samples. Similarities identified among Hispanic and Japanese crania may stem from similar population histories reflected in ancestral Native American and East Asian populations.
Gabapentin for post‐operative pain management – a systematic review with meta‐analyses and trial sequential analyses
Authors: Fabritius M. L. , Geisler A. , Petersen P. L. , Nikolajsen L. , Hansen M. S. , Kontinen V. , Hamunen K. , Dahl J. B. , Wetterslev J. , Mathiesen O. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundPerioperative pain treatment often consist of combinations of non‐opioid and opioid analgesics, ‘multimodal analgesia’, in which gabapentin is currently used. The aim was to document beneficial and harmful effects of perioperative gabapentin treatment.MethodsRandomized clinical trials comparing gabapentin vs. placebo or active placebo in adult surgical patients receiving gabapentin perioperatively were included. This review was conducted using Cochrane standards, trial sequential analysis (TSA), and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). The primary outcomes were 24‐h opioid consumption and incidence of serious adverse events (SAE).ResultsOne hundred and thirty‐two trials with 9498 patients were included. Thirteen trials with low risk of bias reported a reduction in 24‐h opioid consumption of 3.1 mg [0.5, 5.6; TSA‐adjusted CI: −0.2, 6.3]. In the analysis of gabapentin as add‐on analgesic to another non‐opioid analgesic regimen, a mean reduction in 24‐h morphine consumption of 1.2 mg [−0.3, 2.6; TSA‐adjusted CI: −0.4, 2.8] in trials with low risk of bias was found. Nine trials with low risk of bias reported a risk ratio of SAEs of 1.61 [0.91; 2.86; TSA‐adjusted CI: 0.57, 4.57].ConclusionBased on GRADE assessment of the primary outcomes in trials with low risk of bias, the results are low or very low quality of evidence due to imprecision, inconsistency, and in some outcomes indirectness. Firm evidence for use of gabapentin is lacking as clinically relevant beneficial effect of gabapentin may be absent and harm is imminent, especially when added to multimodal analgesia.
Alcohol Suppresses Tonic GABAA Receptor Currents in Cerebellar Granule Cells in the Prairie Vole: A Neural Signature of High‐Alcohol‐Consuming Genotypes
Authors: Kaplan Joshua S. , Mohr Claudia , Hostetler Caroline M. , Ryabinin Andrey E. , Finn Deborah A. , Rossi David J. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundEvidence indicates that the cerebellum plays a role in genetic predilection to excessive alcohol (ethanol [EtOH]) consumption in rodents and humans, but the molecular mechanisms mediating such predilection are not understood. We recently determined that EtOH has opposite actions (enhancement or suppression) on tonic GABAA receptor (GABAAR) currents in cerebellar granule cells (GCs) in low‐ and high‐EtOH‐consuming rodents, respectively, and proposed that variation in GC tonic GABAAR current responses to EtOH contributes to genetic variation in EtOH consumption phenotype.MethodsVoltage‐clamp recordings of GCs in acutely prepared slices of cerebellum were used to evaluate the effect of EtOH on GC tonic GABAAR currents in another high‐EtOH‐consuming rodent, prairie voles (PVs).ResultsEtOH (52 mM) suppressed the magnitude of the tonic GABAAR current in 57% of cells, had no effect in 38% of cells, and enhanced the tonic GABAAR current in 5% of cells. This result is similar to GCs from high‐EtOH‐consuming C57BL/6J (B6) mice, but it differs from the enhancement of tonic GABAAR currents by EtOH in low‐EtOH‐consuming DBA/2J (D2) mice and Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. EtOH suppression of tonic GABAAR currents was not affected by the sodium channel blocker, tetrodotoxin (500 nM), and was independent of the frequency of phasic GABAAR‐mediated currents, suggesting that suppression is mediated by postsynaptic actions on GABAARs, rather than a reduction of GABA release. Finally, immunohistochemical analysis of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS; which can mediate EtOH enhancement of GABA release) demonstrated that nNOS expression in the GC layer of PV cerebellum was similar to the levels seen in B6 mice, both being significantly reduced relative to D2 mice and SD rats.ConclusionsCombined, these data highlight the GC GABAAR response to EtOH in another species, the high‐EtOH‐consuming PV, which correlates with EtOH consumption phenotype and further implicates the GC GABAAR system as a contributing mechanism to high EtOH consumption.
Dissociating Affective and Cognitive Theory of Mind in Recently Detoxified Alcohol‐Dependent Individuals
Authors: Maurage Pierre , D'Hondt Fabien , de Timary Philippe , Mary Charlotte , Franck Nicolas , Peyroux Elodie 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundEmotional and interpersonal impairments have been widely described in alcohol dependence, and their role in relapse has been clearly established. However, several components of social cognition have not been well explored in this context. Particularly, Theory of Mind (ToM) abilities, which are critical social skills enabling one to understand others' perspectives, and which have been largely investigated in other psychiatric populations, remain to be measured using ecological tasks in individuals with alcohol dependence. This study evaluated ToM abilities in close to real‐life situations among alcohol‐dependent individuals and differentiated its affective and cognitive subcomponents.MethodsThirty‐two alcohol‐dependent individuals (in their third week of abstinence) and 32 matched healthy controls performed the Movie for Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC), a multiple‐choice task requiring the identification of the emotions, thoughts, and intentions expressed in 45 short video sequences depicting real‐life social interactions.ResultsAlcohol‐dependent individuals showed a global ToM impairment, indexed by a reduced MASC global score. However, exploration of ToM's subcomponents showed that the overall deficit was driven by a massive reduction in affective ToM, with the cognitive subcomponent preserved.ConclusionsEcological ToM evaluation shows that alcohol dependence is not related to a generalized ToM deficit but rather to dissociation between a preserved cognitive subcomponent and an impaired affective one. These results underscore the importance of ecological measures to precisely investigate each subcomponent of social cognition in alcohol‐dependent individuals. They further show that alcohol dependence is closely associated with emotional‐affective impairments, pointing to the need to develop rehabilitation programs focusing on these components in clinical settings.
Review of autoinflammatory diseases, with a special focus on periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and cervical adenitis syndrome
Authors: Wekell Per , Karlsson Anna , Berg Stefan , Fasth Anders 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThere have been remarkable developments in the field of autoinflammatory diseases over the last 20 years. Research has led to definitions of new conditions, increased understanding of disease mechanisms and specific treatment. The polygenic autoinflammatory condition of periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) is the most common autoinflammatory disorder among children in many parts of the world. The clinical features often include clockwork regularity of episodes, prompt responses to corticosteroids and therapeutic effects of tonsillectomy, but the disease mechanisms are largely unknown.ConclusionThis review discusses the emerging understanding of autoinflammatory diseases, with special emphasis on PFAPA.
Identification of leptin gene polymorphisms associated with carcass traits and fatty acid composition in Japanese Black cattle
Authors: Kawaguchi Fuki , Okura Kazuki , Oyama Kenji , Mannen Hideyuki , Sasazaki Shinji 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPrevious studies have indicated that some leptin gene polymorphisms were associated with economically important traits in cattle breeds. However, polymorphisms in the leptin gene have not been reported thus far in Japanese Black cattle. Here, we aimed to identify the leptin gene polymorphisms which are associated with carcass traits and fatty acid composition in Japanese Black cattle. We sequenced the full‐length coding sequence of leptin gene for eight Japanese Black cattle. Sequence comparison revealed eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Three of these were predicted to cause amino acid substitutions: Y7F, R25C and A80V. Then, we genotyped these SNPs in two populations (JB1 with 560 animals and JB2 with 450 animals) and investigated the effects on the traits. Y7F in JB1 and A80V in JB2 were excluded from statistical analysis because the minor allele frequencies were low (< 0.1). Association analysis revealed that Y7F had a significant effect on the dressed carcass weight in JB2; R25C had a significant effect on C18:0 and C14:1 in JB1 and JB2, respectively; and A80V had a significant effect on C16:0, C16:1, C18:1, monounsaturated fatty acid and saturated fatty acid in JB1. The results suggested that these SNPs could be used as an effective marker for the improvement of Japanese Black cattle.
Pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic modelling of drug‐induced QTc interval prolongation in man: prediction from in vitro human ether‐à‐go‐go‐related gene binding and functional inhibition assays and conscious dog studies
Authors: Dubois V F S , Casarotto E , Danhof M , Della Pasqua O 
Published: July 2016

Background and PurposeFunctional measures of human ether‐à‐go‐go‐related gene (hERG; Kv11.1) channel inhibition have been prioritized as an in vitro screening tool for candidate molecules. However, it is unclear how these results can be translated to humans. Here, we explore how data on drug binding and functional inhibition in vitro relate to QT prolongation in vivo. Using cisapride, sotalol and moxifloxacin as paradigm compounds, we assessed the relationship between drug concentrations, binding, functional measures and in vivo effects in preclinical species and humans.Experimental ApproachPharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic modelling was used to characterize the drug effects in hERG functional patch clamp, hERG radio‐labelled dofetilide displacement experiments and QT interval in conscious dogs. Data were analysed in parallel to identify potential correlations between pharmacological activity in vitro and in vivo.Key ResultsAn Emax model could not be used due to large variability in the functional patch clamp assay. Dofetilide displacement revealed that binding curves are unrelated to the in vivo potency estimates for QTc prolongation in dogs and humans. Mean in vitro potency estimates ranged from 99.9 nM for cisapride to 1030 μM for moxifloxacin.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe lack of standardized protocols for in vitro assays leads to significant differences in experimental conditions, making the assessment of in vitro–in vivo correlations unreliable. Identification of an accurate safety window during the screening of candidate molecules requires a quantitative framework that disentangles system‐ from drug‐specific properties under physiological conditions, enabling translation of the results to humans. Similar considerations will be relevant for the comprehensive in vitro pro‐arrhythmia assay initiative.
The Potential of Indole/Indolylquinoline Compounds in Tau Misfolding Reduction by Enhancement of HSPB1
Authors: Chang Kuo‐Hsuan , Lin Chih‐Hsin , Chen Hsuan‐Chiang , Huang Hsin‐Yu , Chen Shu‐Ling , Lin Te‐Hsien , Ramesh Chintakunta , Huang Chin‐Chang , Fung Hon‐Chung , Wu Yih‐Ru , Huang Hei‐Jen , Lee‐Chen Guey‐Jen , Hsieh‐Li Hsiu Mei , Yao Ching‐Fa 
Published: July 2016

SummaryBackgroundNeurofibrillary tangles formed from tau misfolding have long been considered one of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The misfolding of tau in AD correlates with the clinical progression of AD and inhibition or reversal of tau misfolding may protect the affected neurons.MethodsWe generated 293 and SH‐SY5Y cells expressing DsRed‐tagged pro‐aggregation mutant of repeat domain of tau (ΔK280 tauRD) to test indole/indolylquinoline derivatives for reducing tau misfolding and neuroprotection.ResultsFour of the 10 derivatives tested displayed good misfolding‐inhibitory effects on Tet‐On 293 cells. Among them, NC009‐1 and NC009‐7 enhanced heat‐shock 27 kDa protein 1 (HSPB1) expression to increase ∆K280 tauRD‐DsRed solubility and promoted neurite outgrowth in Tet‐On SH‐SY5Y cells. Knockdown of HSPB1 resulted in decreased ∆K280 tauRD‐DsRed solubility and reduced neurite outgrowth, which were rescued by addition of NC009‐1/NC009‐7. Treatment with indole/indolylquinoline derivatives also improved neuronal cell viability and neurite outgrowth in mouse hippocampal primary culture under tau cytotoxicity.ConclusionOur results demonstrate how indole/indolylquinoline derivatives are likely to work in tau misfolding reduction, providing insight into the possible working mechanism of indole and indolylquinoline derivatives in AD treatment.
Revitalizing the Global Trading System: What Could the G20 Do?
Authors: Hoekman Bernard 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSince 2008, G20 leaders have repeatedly committed themselves not to resort to protectionism and to conclude WTO negotiations expeditiously. The jury is out on the extent to which they have lived up to the first promise; they have failed to deliver the second. Anemic global trade growth rates since 2010 imply that trade has not been a driver of much‐needed economic dynamism. This paper argues that the G20 should pursue a more ambitious trade agenda and that there is much that greater leadership by the G20 could do to reinvigorate the trading system. A first step would be to commit to concrete actions that can be implemented by individual governments on a concerted basis and that center on reducing trade costs and improving access to services for firms. The Chinese presidency should also seek to have the G20 commit to more effective monitoring and analysis of trade policy broadly defined (including subsidies and investment incentives) and the impact of the many preferential trade agreements involving China, the EU and the USA, the world's largest trading powers.
Impalement of an unusual foreign body on the temporomandibular joint causing severe trismus
Authors: Ito Ryohei , Kubota Kosei , Furudate Ken , Nakagawa Hiroshi , Kon Takao , Tamura Yoshihiro , Kobayashi Wataru 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA penetrating injury by a foreign body is comparatively common in the oral and maxillofacial region. On the other hand, injury to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) by a foreign object is very rare. The TMJ is an anatomically narrow space surrounded by hard bony processes. An unusual case of trauma with severe trismus caused by a foreign body that impaled the TMJ is reported. A 55‐year‐old man presented with a 5 × 1‐cm laceration to the right cheek caused by a flying object propelled during the use of a lawn mower. The edge of the foreign body had a metallic wire, which became imbedded in the wound. His jaw opening was severely limited. Computed tomography revealed that the foreign body was 3 mm in diameter and was impaled on the articular capsule. The object was successfully removed, and the wound and interior of the TMJ were irrigated. Rehabilitation of mouth opening was started on postoperative day 3. On day 9, mouth opening had improved to 35 mm, and he was discharged. After 1 year, mouth opening was 45 mm with no sign of any TMJ disorders.
The Determinants of Non‐Cognitive Education: does the school matter? Empirical evidence from Spain
Authors: Suárez Pandiello Javier , García Valiñas Marián , Muñiz Manuel A. 
Published: July 2016

The literature on the economics of education emphasises the relevance of the cognitive and non‐cognitive dimensions of educational results. However, the latter have been ignored in the empirical literature that focuses on the measurement and evaluation of outcomes in secondary education. This article analyses non‐cognitive outcomes using a survey on some 5,500 15‐year‐old pupils at grant‐aided and public schools in Spain for the 2010‐2011 academic year. Our results show that school ownership does not have a significant impact on non‐cognitive educational outcomes. However, other school‐specific characteristics do matter, for example, the student's peer group. With regard to individual and family characteristics, we found some new variables that should be considered in the case of affective education. Therefore, some traditional explanatory factors (such as socioeconomic attributes) lose significance and other variables (such as the father's age) emerge as significant explanatory factors of non‐cognitive educational results.
Vulnerability of stream community composition and function to projected thermal warming and hydrologic change across ecoregions in the western United States
Authors: Pyne Matthew I. , Poff N. LeRoy 
Published: July 2016

AbstractShifts in biodiversity and ecological processes in stream ecosystems in response to rapid climate change will depend on how numerically and functionally dominant aquatic insect species respond to changes in stream temperature and hydrology. Across 253 minimally perturbed streams in eight ecoregions in the western USA, we modeled the distribution of 88 individual insect taxa in relation to existing combinations of maximum summer temperature, mean annual streamflow, and their interaction. We used a heat map approach along with downscaled general circulation model (GCM) projections of warming and streamflow change to estimate site‐specific extirpation likelihood for each taxon, allowing estimation of whole‐community change in streams across these ecoregions. Conservative climate change projections indicate a 30–40% loss of taxa in warmer, drier ecoregions and 10–20% loss in cooler, wetter ecoregions where taxa are relatively buffered from projected warming and hydrologic change. Differential vulnerability of taxa with key functional foraging roles in processing basal resources suggests that climate change has the potential to modify stream trophic structure and function (e.g., alter rates of detrital decomposition and algal consumption), particularly in warmer and drier ecoregions. We show that streamflow change is equally as important as warming in projected risk to stream community composition and that the relative threat posed by these two fundamental drivers varies across ecoregions according to projected gradients of temperature and hydrologic change. Results also suggest that direct human modification of streams through actions such as water abstraction is likely to further exacerbate loss of taxa and ecosystem alteration, especially in drying climates. Management actions to mitigate climate change impacts on stream ecosystems or to proactively adapt to them will require regional calibration, due to geographic variation in insect sensitivity and in exposure to projected thermal warming and hydrologic change.
Civil Society and the Governance of Urban Food Systems in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Warshawsky Daniel N. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRapid urbanization of the planet has placed pressure on humanity to build sustainable, healthy, and socially just cities. In particular, key challenges associated with food access threaten the livability of the urban environment. For this reason, research on urban food systems has increased significantly, as scholars have studied the production, distribution, acquisition, consumption, and waste of food. However, key research gaps persist, as it remains unclear how urban food systems are governed and the roles that different institutions play to ensure that cities are livable. In particular, while food civil society organizations (FCSOs) have emerged as important players in urban food systems in lower‐income regions such as Sub‐Saharan Africa, FCSOs are poorly understood. This has resulted in an inadequate theorization of their institutional roles, governance structures, and potential impacts. To fill this critical research gap, this paper analyzes the roles of FCSOs, including the range of food non‐governmental organizations (FNGOs), food community‐based organizations (FCBOs), and food social movements (FSMs) in Sub‐Saharan Africa. While this paper highlights the range of scholarship devoted to urban food systems, key empirical and theoretical gaps remain unanswered by scholars. Importantly, the size, structure, and spatiality of urban food systems are not well understood. In addition, it remains unclear how FCSOs intersect with broader political, economic, and social processes of inequality. Moreover, given the range of informal livelihood strategies that urban residents utilize to access food, more scholarship is needed to understand the innovative ways that FSCOs are integrated into the daily lives of people residing in Sub‐Saharan Africa.