bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RB1 Mutations Induce Smoking‐Related Bladder Cancer by Modulating the Cytochrome P450 Pathway
Authors: Mao Zhenguang , Gao Fang , Sun Tuo , Xiao Yi , Wu Jiajin , Xiao Yanping , Chu Haiyan , Wu Dongmei , Du Mulong , Zheng Rui , Zhang Zhengdong 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTCigarette smoking causes multiple cancers by directly influencing mutation burden of driver mutations. However, the mechanism between somatic mutation caused by cigarette smoking and bladder tumorigenesis remains elusive. Smoking‐related mutation profile of bladder cancer was characterized by The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort. Integraticve OncoGenomics database was utilized to detect the smoking‐related driver genes, and its biological mechanism predictions were interpreted based on bulk transcriptome and single‐cell transcriptome, as well as cell experiments. Cigarette smoking was associated with an increased tumor mutational burden under 65 years old (p = 0.031), and generated specific mutational signatures in smokers. RB1 was identified as a differentially mutated driver gene between smokers and nonsmokers, and the mutation rate of RB1 increased twofold after smoking (p = 0.008). RB1 mutations and the 4‐aminobiphenyl interference could significantly decrease the RB1 expression level and thus promote the proliferation, invasion, and migration ability of bladder cancer cells. Enrichment analysis and real‐time quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) data showed that RB1 mutations inhibited cytochrome P450 pathway by reducing expression levels of UGT1A6 and AKR1C2. In addition, we also observed that the component of immunological cells was regulated by RB1 mutations through the stronger cell‐to‐cell interactions between epithelial scissor+ cells and immune cells in smokers. This study highlighted that RB1 mutations could drive smoking‐related bladder tumorigenesis through inhibiting cytochrome P450 pathway and regulating tumor immune microenvironment.
Preparation, pharmacokinetics and anti‐obesity effects on dogs of nuciferine liposomes
Authors: Lu Jiang , Xu Yi‐Tian , Qian Xiao‐Liang , Zhu Dao‐Xian , Lu Jin‐Ye , Ma Hui , Liu Jing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundNuciferine (NUC), a natural compound extracted from lotus leaves, has been proven to have anti‐obesity effects. However, the development and application of NUC as an anti‐obesity drug in dogs are hindered due to its poor water solubility and low bioavailability.ObjectiveTo promote the development of NUC‐related products for anti‐obesity in dogs, this study prepared NUC into a liposome formulation and evaluated its characteristics, pharmacokinetics in dogs, and anti‐obesity effects on high‐fat diet dogs.MethodsNUC liposomes were prepared by the ethanol injection method, using NUC, egg lecithin, and β‐sitosterol as raw materials. The characteristics and release rate in vitro of liposomes were evaluated by particle size analyser and dialysis method, respectively. The pharmacokinetics in dogs after oral administration of NUC‐liposomes was carried out by the high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Moreover, we investigated the anti‐obesity effect of NUC‐liposomes on obese dogs fed with a high‐fat diet.ResultsNUC‐liposome was successfully prepared, with an EE of (79.31 ± 1.06)%, a particle size of (81.25 ± 3.14) nm, a zeta potential of (–18.75 ± 0.23) mV, and a PDI of 0.175 ± 0.031. The cumulative release rate in vitro of NUC from NUC‐liposomes was slower than that of NUC. The T1/2 and relative bioavailability of NUC‐liposomes in dogs increased, and CL reduced compared with NUC. In addition, the preventive effect of NUC‐liposomes on obesity in high‐fat diet dogs is stronger than that of NUC.ConclusionsThe liposome formulation of NUC was conducive to improve its relative bioavailability and anti‐obesity effect in dogs.
Mallard winter use of conservation program and nonprogram lands in Mississippi
Authors: Lancaster Joseph D. , Boudreau Melanie R. , Kaminski Richard M. , Street Garett M. , Mini Anne E. , Nelms Kevin D. , Davis J. Brian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPrior to the 19th century, the Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV) was a vast bottomland hardwood forest ecosystem with associated wetlands and intrinsic resources. Conversion for human uses in the 20th century transformed the MAV into an agriculturally dominated system. Since the late 1980s, federal and state incentivized conservation programs for landowners have helped restore wetlands on private lands in the MAV. Given the need to evaluate incentivized private lands in relation to waterfowl use, we used a sample of 241 radiomarked female mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and evaluated their use of private and public lands in the Mississippi portion of the MAV during winters 2010–2015. Our objective was to examine mallard use of public, incentivized private, and non‐incentivized private lands and to evaluate if use changed by time of day and during and after the hunting season. Among all diurnal and nocturnal locations of mallards, 43.3% (n = 3,995) occurred on public lands, 19.5% (n = 1,802) were on incentivized private lands, and 37.2% (n = 3,432) on non‐incentivized private lands. Of mallard locations on incentivized private lands, mallards exhibited greatest use of Wetland Reserve Easements (WRE; 12.4%) and Conservation Reserve Program tracts (CRP; 4.7%). Mallards used public lands more diurnally within hunting seasons and more during hunting seasons than post‐hunting season, which we attributed to the presence of designated sanctuaries that may have provided refuge from hunting and other disturbances. Post‐hunting season, mallards increased their use of incentivized and non‐incentivized private lands, perhaps to exploit seasonal emergent wetland and remnant agricultural foods. Radiomarked mallards used a variety of landcover types across public and private land, reinforcing the importance of habitat complexes for wintering mallards and other dabbling ducks. Conservation program lands, such as CRP and WREs, provide emergent and forested wetlands that complement flooded agricultural lands and natural wetlands in the MAV. When areal availability estimates of incentivized private lands are accessible from government or other partners, we encourage future researchers to investigate selectivity by mallards and other waterfowl of public, incentivized, and non‐incentivized lands.
Thin-wall vacuum decay in the presence of a compact dimension
Authors: Antoniadis Ignatios , Bielli Daniele , Chatrabhuti Auttakit , Isono Hiroshi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We study the problem of false vacuum decay in arbitrary dimensions, in the presence of gravity, and compute the transition probability within the thin-wall approximation, generalising the results of Coleman and de Luccia. In the particular case of one compact dimension, we present explicit formulae for the Euclidean Bounce configuration that drives the transition from a de Sitter to Minkowski or from a Minkowski to anti-de Sitter vacua.
Colored vertex models and Iwahori Whittaker functions
Authors: Brubaker Ben , Buciumas Valentin , Bump Daniel , Gustafsson Henrik P. A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe give a recursive method for computing all values of a basis of Whittaker functions for unramified principal series invariant under an Iwahori or parahoric subgroup of a split reductive group G over a nonarchimedean local field F. Structures in the proof have surprising analogies to features of certain solvable lattice models. In the case $$G=\textrm{GL}_r$$

G
=

GL
r

we show that there exist solvable lattice models whose partition functions give precisely all of these values. Here ‘solvable’ means that the models have a family of Yang–Baxter equations which imply, among other things, that their partition functions satisfy the same recursions as those for Iwahori or parahoric Whittaker functions. The R-matrices for these Yang–Baxter equations come from a Drinfeld twist of the quantum group $$U_q(\widehat{\mathfrak {gl}}(r|1))$$

U
q

(

gl
^

(
r
|
1
)

)

, which we then connect to the standard intertwining operators on the unramified principal series. We use our results to connect Iwahori and parahoric Whittaker functions to variations of Macdonald polynomials.
Passive leg raising test versus rapid fluid challenge in critically ill medical patients
Authors: Majunke Natascha , Philipp Dan , Weidhase Lorenz , Pasieka Bastian , Kunz Kevin , Seidel Frank , Scharm Robert , Petros Sirak 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
The passive leg raising (PLR) test is a simple test to detect preload responsiveness. However, variable fluid doses and infusion times were used in studies evaluating the effect of PLR. Studies showed that the effect of fluid challenge on hemodynamics dissipates in 10 min. This prospective study aimed to compare PLR and a rapid fluid challenge (RFC) with a 300-ml bolus infused within 5 min in adult patients with a hemodynamic compromise.

Materials and methods
Critically ill medical patients with signs of systemic hypoperfusion were included if volume expansion was considered. Hemodynamic status was assessed with continuous measurements of cardiac output (CO), when possible, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) at baseline, during PLR, and after RFC.

Results
A total of 124 patients with a median age of 65.0 years were included. Their acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score was 19.7 ± 6.0, with a sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score of 9.0 ± 4.4. Sepsis was diagnosed in 73.3%, and 79.8% of the patients were already receiving a norepinephrine infusion. Invasive MAP monitoring was established in all patients, while continuous CO recording was possible in 42 patients (33.9%). Based on CO changes, compared with those with RFC, the false positive and false negative rates with PLR were 21.7 and 36.8%, respectively, with positive and negative predictive values of 70.6 and 72.0%, respectively. Based on MAP changes, compared with those with RFC, the false positive and false negative rates with PLR compared to RFC were 38.2% and 43.3%, respectively, with positive and negative predictive values of 64.4 and 54.0%, respectively.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated a moderate agreement between PLR and RFC in hemodynamically compromised medical patients, which should be considered when testing preload responsiveness.
Change in the serum selenium level of patients with non-metastatic and metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) during radiotherapy as a predictive factor for survival
Authors: Ohlinger Julia , Vordermark Dirk , Ostheimer Christian , Bache Matthias , Tzschoppe Therese , Demircan Kamil , Schomburg Lutz , Medenwald Daniel , Seliger Barbara 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Lung cancer remains a serious medical problem. The trace element selenium seems to be a promising prognostic marker or therapeutic option for cancer patients.

Methods
We enrolled 99 patients with histologically confirmed NSCLC undergoing radiotherapy. The serum selenium level of these patients was determined prior to irradiation (t0), after reaching 20 Gy (t1), and at the end of radiotherapy (t2). Selenium concentrations were measured with total-reflection X‑ray fluorescence (TXRF) spectroscopy. We formed three subgroups according to the change in serum selenium levels across timepoints, and Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to estimate overall survival (OS). Further subgroups were patients with/without metastatic disease. We used adjusted Cox regression models.

Results
The change in selenium concentration was especially significant between t0 and t1 for the whole study group (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.5, p = 0.03) as well as in patients with metastasized NSCLC (HR = 0.3, p = 0.04) after adjustment. The baseline selenium value in patients with non-metastasized NSCLC was associated with overall survival (HR = 0.3, p = 0.04). The change in selenium levels between t0 and t2 was significant in patients with metastatic lung cancer (HR = 0.1, p = 0.03). Patients with increased serum selenium levels during radiotherapy between the start of treatment (t0) and t1 had better OS (HR = 0.46, p = 0.05).

Conclusion
Especially patients with increasing selenium levels during radiotherapy showed an improved overall survival. Thus, serum selenium might be a predictive factor for OS in NSCLC patients. The value of supplementation of the trace element is subject to future research.
Constraint Maps with Free Boundaries: the Obstacle Case
Authors: Figalli Alessio , Kim Sunghan , Shahgholian Henrik 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper revives a four-decade-old problem concerning regularity theory for (continuous) constraint maps with free boundaries. Dividing the map into two parts, the distance part and the projected image to the constraint, one can prove various properties for each component. As has already been pointed out in the literature, the distance part falls under the classical obstacle problem, which is well-studied by classical methods. A perplexing issue, untouched in the literature, concerns the properties of the projected image and its higher regularity, which we show to be at most of class $$C^{2,1}$$

C

2
,
1

. In arbitrary dimensions, we prove that the image map is globally of class $$W^{3,BMO}$$

W

3
,
B
M
O

, and locally of class $$C^{2,1}$$

C

2
,
1

around the regular part of the free boundary. The issue becomes more delicate around singular points, and we resolve it in two dimensions. In the appendix, we extend some of our results to what we call leaky maps.
Evaluation of epilepsy lesion visualisation enhancement in low-field MRI using image quality transfer: a preliminary investigation of clinical potential for applications in developing countries
Authors: Figini Matteo , Lin Hongxiang , D’Arco Felice , Ogbole Godwin , Rossi-Espagnet Maria Camilla , Oyinloye Olalekan Ibukun , Yaria Joseph , Nzeh Donald Amasike , Atalabi Mojisola Omolola , Carmichael David W. , Cross Judith Helen , Lagunju Ikeoluwa , Fernandez-Reyes Delmiro , Alexander Daniel C. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Low-field (LF) MRI scanners are common in many Low- and middle-Income countries, but they provide images with worse spatial resolution and contrast than high-field (HF) scanners. Image Quality Transfer (IQT) is a machine learning framework to enhance images based on high-quality references that has recently adapted to LF MRI. In this study we aim to assess if it can improve lesion visualisation compared to LF MRI scans in children with epilepsy.

Methods
T1-weighted, T2-weighted and FLAIR were acquired from 12 patients (5 to 18 years old, 7 males) with clinical diagnosis of intractable epilepsy on a 0.36T (LF) and a 1.5T scanner (HF). LF images were enhanced with IQT. Seven radiologists blindly evaluated the differentiation between normal grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) and the extension and definition of epileptogenic lesions in LF, HF and IQT-enhanced images.

Results
When images were evaluated independently, GM-WM differentiation scores of IQT outputs were 26% higher, 17% higher and 12% lower than LF for T1, T2 and FLAIR. Lesion definition scores were 8–34% lower than LF, but became 3% higher than LF for FLAIR and T1 when images were seen side by side. Radiologists with expertise at HF scored IQT images higher than those with expertise at LF.

Conclusion
IQT generally improved the image quality assessments. Evaluation of pathology on IQT-enhanced images was affected by familiarity with HF/IQT image appearance. These preliminary results show that IQT could have an important impact on neuroradiology practice where HF MRI is not available.
Correction to Successful treatment of staghorn stones with flexible ureteroscopy and thulium fiber laser (TFL) lithotripsy: initial experience with 32 cases
Authors: Gul Tawiz , laymon Mahmoud , Alrayashi Maged , Abdelkareem Mohamed , Salah Morshed 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the efficacy and safety of flexible ureteroscopy with thulium fiber laser lithotripsy for management of renal staghorn stones.

Materials and methods
Thirty-two patients with staghorn stones were recruited. Stone characteristics including: width, length, volume and density were analyzed. Ablation speed, laser efficacy and laser activity were recorded. The primary outcome was to assess stone free rate after the procedure using spiral CT scan.

Results
The median stone volume was 7339 (3183–53838) mm3. Median operative and lasing time were 135 (70–200) and 117 (50–180) minutes, respectively. The mean total energy delivered was 63.9±30 KJ with a median ablation speed of 1.3 (0.5–4.9) mm3/sec. Mean laser efficacy was 7.5 ±3.6 Joules/mm3. A total of 12 complications occurred in 8 patients (25%). The median hospital stay was 7 (3.5–48) hours and 30 patients (93.7%) were discharged on the same day of surgery. After the first session, seventeen patients (53%) were stone free with no residual fragments while six (19%) patients had residuals ≤ 2 mm. Nine patients (28%) had residuals > 2 mm with median residual size of 4 (3–9) mm. A second intervention was required in 4 cases.The overall stone free rate after completion of treatment was 65.6%.

Conclusion
Flexible ureteroscopy with thulium fiber laser lithotripsy is a safe and effective treatment option for staghorn stones with stone free rate comparable to standard PCNL with advantages of minimal morbidity, minimal blood loss and shorter hospital stay.
Allogeneic amnion transplantation for the management of cutaneous graft-versus-host disease with associated ulcers: A promising therapeutic strategy
Authors: Siegmund Andreas , Wolff Daniel , Pagani Andrea , Ruewe Marc , Klein Silvan , Herr Wolfgang , Prantl Lukas , Geis Sebastian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAllogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) is the cornerstone treatment for various hematopoietic disorders, but its utility is often compromised by chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD), affecting skin integrity and leading to ulcer formations. Traditional treatments, including systemic and topical therapies, frequently fail in severe cases. This study retrospectively examines three patients with therapy-resistant ulcers due to cGvHD post-alloSCT treated at the University Hospital of Regensburg in 2023. We evaluated the therapeutic impact of human amniotic membrane (hAM) transplantation—a novel approach utilizing hAM’s anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and anti-fibrotic properties for wound healing. Surgical debridement was followed by hAM application and routine follow-up. HAM transplantation led to complete wound closure in two out of three patients and a significant reduction in local pain and infection rates. The treatment alleviated the need for regular dressing changes within three months in two patients, demonstrating the hAM’s efficacy in fostering rapid and sustained healing. The utilization of hAM represents a promising alternative for the management of refractory skin ulcers in cGvHD patients, particularly when conventional methods are inadequate.
Percutaneous recanalization of non-cirrhotic extrahepatic portal vein obstruction in children: technical considerations in a preliminary cohort
Authors: Marra Paolo , Franchi-Abella Stephanie , Hernandez José A. , Ronot Maxime , Muglia Riccardo , D’Antiga Lorenzo , Sironi Sandro 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Portal hypertension resulting from non-cirrhotic extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO) in children has been primarily managed with the Meso-Rex bypass, but only a few patients have a viable Rex recessus, required by surgery. This study reports a preliminary series of patients who underwent interventional radiology attempts at portal vein recanalization (PVR), with a focus on technical aspects and safety.

Methods
A retrospective review of consecutive patients with severe portal hypertension due to non-cirrhotic EHPVO at a single institution from 2022, who underwent percutaneous attempts at PVR, was performed. Technical and clinical data including fluoroscopy time, radiation exposure, technical and clinical success, complications and follow-up were recorded.

Results
Eleven patients (6 males and 5 females; median age 7 years, range 1–14) underwent 15 percutaneous transhepatic (n = 1), transplenic (n = 11), or simultaneous transhepatic/transplenic (n = 3) procedures. Rex recessus was patent in 4/11 (36%). Fluoroscopy resulted in a high median total dose area product (DAP) of 123 Gycm2 (range 17–788 Gycm2) per procedure. PVR was achieved in 5/11 patients (45%), 3/5 with obliterated Rex recessus. Two adverse events of grade 2 and grade 3 occurred without sequelae. After angioplasty, 4/5 patients required stenting to obtain sustained patency, as demonstrated by colour-Doppler ultrasound in all PVR after a median follow-up of 6 months (range 6–14).

Conclusion
Our preliminary experience suggests that 45% of children with non-cirrhotic EHPVO can restore portal flow even with obliterated Rex recessus. In non-cirrhotic EHPVO, PVR may be an option, if a Meso-Rex bypass is not feasible, although the radiation exposure deserves attention.

Clinical relevance statement
Innovative percutaneous procedures may have the potential to be an alternative option to the traditional surgical approach in the management of non-cirrhotic EHPVO and its complications in children not eligible for Meso-Rex bypass surgery.

Key Points

Non-cirrhotic portal hypertension in children has been traditionally managed by surgery with Meso-Rex bypass creation.

Percutaneous PVR may restore the patency of the native portal system even when the Rex recessus is obliterated and surgery has been excluded.

Interventional radiological techniques may offer a minimally invasive solution in complex cases of EHPVO in children when Meso-Rex bypass is not feasible.
Profilometry: a non-intrusive active stereo-vision technique for wave-profile measurements in large hydrodynamic laboratories
Authors: Savio Luca , Ahani Alireza , Greco Marilena , Abrahamsen Bjørn Christian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractProfilometry is proposed as a novel non-intrusive image-based technique to capture the profile of the air–water interface as a dense point cloud. It can be classified as an active stereo-vision method applied to the study of gravity-driven water waves and specifically developed to be used in large hydrodynamic laboratories. As an active vision technique, it relies on the use of light sources, and as a stereo technique, it requires one or more high-speed camera pairs for imaging the same scene synchronously. To enhance the visibility of the laser lights on the wave profile, the water surface is sprayed with water droplets. Profilometry, compared to standard wave probes, can be considered as an alternative source of information that can augment spatial resolution to the identification of the air–water interface to capture nonlinear wave-evolution mechanisms and violent wave–body interactions. Its feasibility and accuracy are examined preliminarily in a small-scale flume and then in a large-scale towing tank using long-crested wave scenarios, including regular, irregular, and focused gravity-driven waves, without the presence of a structure. The values of the wave steepness examined were various and included also quite steep cases with nearly vertical wave fronts. Role played by parameters of the technique, as well as of its setup in capturing the wave features are also analysed, with the aim to provide a useful guidance for other researchers that intent to use and develop further this approach.