bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebral mitochondrial dysfunction associated with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest in neonatal swine†
Authors: Mavroudis Constantine D , Karlsson Michael , Ko Tiffany , Hefti Marco , Gentile Javier I , Morgan Ryan W , Plyler Ross , Mensah-Brown Kobina G , Boorady Timothy W , Melchior Richard W , Rosenthal Tami M , Shade Brandon C , Schiavo Kellie L , Nicolson Susan C , Spray Thomas L , Sutton Robert M , Berg Robert A , Licht Daniel J , Gaynor J William , Kilbaugh Todd J 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOBJECTIVESControversy remains regarding the use of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) in neonatal cardiac surgery. Alterations in cerebral mitochondrial bioenergetics are thought to contribute to ischaemia–reperfusion injury in DHCA. The purpose of this study was to compare cerebral mitochondrial bioenergetics for DHCA with deep hypothermic continuous perfusion using a neonatal swine model.METHODSTwenty-four piglets (mean weight 3.8 kg) were placed on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB): 10 underwent 40-min DHCA, following cooling to 18°C, 10 underwent 40 min DHCA and 10 remained at deep hypothermia for 40 min; animals were subsequently rewarmed to normothermia. 4 remained on normothermic CPB throughout. Fresh brain tissue was harvested while on CPB and assessed for mitochondrial respiration and reactive oxygen species generation. Cerebral microdialysis samples were collected throughout the analysis.RESULTSDHCA animals had significantly decreased mitochondrial complex I respiration, maximal oxidative phosphorylation, respiratory control ratio and significantly increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (P &lt; 0.05 for all). DHCA animals also had significantly increased cerebral microdialysis indicators of cerebral ischaemia (lactate/pyruvate ratio) and neuronal death (glycerol) during and after rewarming.CONCLUSIONSDHCA is associated with disruption of mitochondrial bioenergetics compared with deep hypothermic continuous perfusion. Preserving mitochondrial health may mitigate brain injury in cardiac surgical patients. Further studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms of neurological injury in neonatal cardiac surgery and correlate mitochondrial dysfunction with neurological outcomes.
Microcredit and Food Security: Evidence from Rural Households in Uganda
Authors: Namayengo Faith M , Antonides Gerrit , Cecchi Francesco 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of participation into a microcredit program on household food security parameters of female borrowers in a rural setting in Uganda. We explore the modes of food acquisition, dietary diversity, caloric and protein intake, and qualitative food insecurity measures for different categories of respondents. We conduct a cross-sectional analysis comparing old clients to newly registered first time borrowers. Next, we compare first time borrowers and non-borrowers using a panel design. While the cross-sectional analysis allows the comparison of women that similarly self-selected into borrowing, the panel analysis complements by providing insights into changes of food security parameters. In both cases, we use Kernel matching, or difference-in-difference with Kernel matching, to control for potential bias in observables, and perform a sensitivity analysis with respect to unobservables using Rosenbaum bounds as well as an individual fixed effects panel analysis. Results show a decline in food security following the uptake of microcredit. In particular, the analysis reveals robustly lower dietary diversity among long-time borrowers than new borrowers, and larger reductions in dietary diversity scores among new borrowers, after 1 year, compared to controls. The reduction in dietary diversity was traced to a reduction in animal-source food, fruit and sugar intake. We find indicative evidence that this is partly explained by a shift from own production to reliance on food purchase by households. Other household members relegating the burden of food provision to women after borrowing may also help explain the observed result.
Risk of Pneumonia After Vertebral Compression Fracture in Women With Low Bone Density
Authors: Kim Byunghyun , Kim Joonghee , Jo You Hwan , Kang Si-Hyuck , Lee Yeon Joo , Lee Jae Hyuk , Hwang Je Eun , Park Min Ji , Lee Sihyung 
Published: December 2017

Study Design.
Retrospective large population-based study.

Objective.
The aim of this study is to elucidate the association between vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) and pneumonia.

Summary of Background Data.
VCF is known to be associated with impaired pulmonary function. However, the risk of developing pneumonia after new-onset VCF has not been evaluated.

Methods.
The data source was the National Health Screening Program Cohort, a population-based sample cohort of national health screening enrolees. Elderly women with low bone density identified during the life transition period health check-up were target population. Patients with newly diagnosed isolated VCF after the health check-up except those with cervical VCF were included as exposure group. Matched individuals still free of any type of VCF from the same population were included as control group with case/control ratio 3:1. The time to first occurrence of pneumonia were analyzed with Cox-regression analysis.

Results.
From the target population (N = 24,773), we matched 867 patients exposed to new-onset isolated VCFs with 2601 controls. In a multivariable Cox-regression analysis, isolated VCF was identified as an independent risk factor for development of a pneumonia (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.48; 95% confidence interval 1.14–1.91). Among the subtypes of VCF, thoracic/thoracolumbar VCF was independently associated with increased risk of pneumonia (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.13; 95% confidence interval 1.47–3.08).

Conclusion.
Isolated VCF, especially those involving thoracic region, was associated with increased risk of pneumonia.

Level of Evidence: 4
Sensitivity and Specificity of 2 Autism Screeners Among Referred Children Between 16 and 48 Months of Age
Authors: Salisbury Louisa A. , Nyce Jonathan D. , Hannum Charles D. , Sheldrick R. Christopher , Perrin Ellen C. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Autism screening is recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention at ages 18 and 24 months. Popular screening tests have been validated for the age range of 16 to 30 months. However, only a minority of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are identified by age 3 years, and many are not identified until after they enter school. Thus, we aimed to measure the sensitivity and specificity of 2 available screening tests for ASDs in children older than 30 months.

Methods:
We assessed the sensitivity and specificity of 2 ASD screening tools administered to parents of children who were referred to a developmental clinic between the ages of 16 and 48 months: the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) and the Parent's Observations of Social Interactions (POSI), which is a component of a comprehensive screening instrument called, the Survey of Well-being of Young Children.

Results:
Both the M-CHAT and the POSI had acceptable sensitivity (≥75%) among children across the age range studied. Their specificity was limited by the fact that the study was conducted in a developmental referral clinic.

Conclusion:
Two readily available screening tools, the POSI and the M-CHAT, have acceptable sensitivity in evaluating risk for autism in children at least to age 48 months. Further research should investigate their sensitivity and specificity when used in primary care settings.
Corneal Biomechanical Properties and Central Corneal Thickness in Pediatric Noninfectious Uveitis: A Controlled Study
Authors: Sen Emine , Balikoglu-Yilmaz Melike , Ozdal Pinar 
Published: December 2017

Objective:
To compare the corneal biomechanics, intraocular pressure (IOP), and central corneal thickness (CCT) of 37 patients with pediatric noninfectious uveitis with 36 healthy children.

Methods:
Corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), Goldmann-correlated and corneal-compensated IOP (IOPg and IOPcc, respectively), and CCT were measured.

Results:
The mean CRF was significantly lower in the pediatric uveitic eyes than controls (9.7±1.9 vs. 10.8±1.5 mm Hg, P=0.009), whereas there was no significant difference for mean CH, IOPg, IOPcc, and CCT between the two groups (10.1±1.9 vs. 10.8±1.7, 12.9±3.3 vs. 13.9±3.1, 13.8±2.8 vs. 13.6±3.2 mm Hg, and 550.7±49.5 vs. 555.1±33.5 μm, respectively, all P>0.05). The CCT values correlated with CH and CRF, with a Pearson correlation of 0.511 and 0.670 (P=0.013 and P<0.001, respectively), whereas disease duration did not correlate with any corneal biomechanics or CCT in pediatric uveitic eyes (all P>0.05).

Conclusions:
Pediatric noninfectious uveitic eyes have lower CRF than controls but the CH, IOPg, IOPcc, and CCT values are similar.
Comparison of Changes in Central Corneal Thickness During Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking, Using Isotonic Riboflavin Solutions With and Without Dextran, in the Treatment of Progressive Keratoconus
Authors: Zaheer Naima , Khan Wajid Ali , Khan Shama , Khan M. Abdul Moqeet 
Published: December 2017

Purpose:
To compare intraoperative changes in central corneal thickness (CCT) during corneal cross-linking, using 2 different isotonic riboflavin solutions either with dextran or with hydroxy propyl methylcellulose, in the treatment of progressive keratoconus.

Methods:
In this retrospective study, we analyzed records of corneal thickness measurements, taken during various steps of cross-linking. Cross-linking was performed using either isotonic riboflavin with dextran (group A) or isotonic riboflavin with hydroxy propyl methylcellulose (without dextran) (group B). CCT measurements were recorded before and after epithelial removal, after saturation with respective isotonic riboflavin solution, after use of hypotonic riboflavin in selected cases, and after ultraviolet A (UV-A) application. A mixed-way analysis of variance was conducted on CCT readings within each group and between both groups, and p < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
In group A (100 cases), after saturation with isotonic riboflavin, CCT was decreased by a mean of 51.4 μm (12.1%). In 64%, CCT was <400 μm and additional hypotonic riboflavin was used. After UV-A irradiation, CCT was decreased by a mean of 46.7 μm (11.4%). In group B (100 cases), after saturation with isotonic riboflavin, CCT was increased by a mean of 109.4 μm (26.1%). After UV-A exposure, CCT was increased by a mean of 59.2 μm (11.2%). There was a substantial main effect for time on CCT during corneal cross-linking (CXL), p < 0.001, within both groups. The main effect comparing CCT readings between groups A and B was also significant, p < 0.001.

Conclusions:
During cross-linking, isotonic riboflavin with dextran causes a significant decrease in corneal thickness, whereas dextran-free isotonic riboflavin causes a significant increase in corneal thickness, thus facilitating the procedure.
Electrogastrography, Near‐infrared Spectroscopy, and Acoustics to Measure Gastrointestinal Development in Preterm Babies
Authors: Ortigoza Eric B. , Cagle Jackson , Chien Jui‐Hong , Oh Sungho , Brown Larry Steven , Neu Josef 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of the study was to obtain objective measures indicative of gastrointestinal maturity using 3 noninvasive technologies.Methods:Electrogastrography (EGG), abdominal near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), and bowel sound/acoustics (AC) monitoring were used simultaneously to obtain physiologic measures of the gastrointestinal system of 18 preterm and 5 term neonates who were tolerating enteral feedings. Measures of EGG slow wave voltage (EGG dominant power) and AC signal amplitude (AC dominant power) were obtained after spectral density analysis. Mean abdominal regional saturations (A‐rSO2) were obtained directly from NIRS. The relationship of these 3 measures with postmenstrual age (PMA) was assessed.Results:The results of the 3 methods differed depending on whether the measurements were pre‐ or postprandial. Postprandial EGG dominant power increases with PMA (r = 0.67, P = 0.003), both pre‐ and postprandial abdominal NIRS mean regional saturation increase with PMA (r = 0.73, P < 0.001 and r = 0.55, P = 0.009), and postprandial AC dominant power (at 300–500 Hz) increases with PMA (r = −0.48, P = 0.025).Conclusions:EGG, abdominal NIRS, and AC, whenever used simultaneously, can provide objective and synergistic measures that correlate with PMA. These findings may be helpful in the assessment of feeding readiness because they reveal quantitative measures suggestive of the developmental process of the gut.
Hyperadiponectinemia During Infliximab Induction Therapy in Pediatric Crohn Disease
Authors: Frivolt Klara , Schwerd Tobias , Schatz Stephanie B. , Freudenberg Folke , Prell Christine , Werkstetter Katharina J. , Bufler Philip , Koletzko Sibylle 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives:The inflammatory process in Crohn disease (CD) involves the visceral fat, characterized by adipocyte hyperplasia and altered adipose tissue and serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), leptin, adiponectin and resistin. We investigated the effect of anti‐TNF therapy with infliximab (IFX) on serum adipokine levels in pediatric CD.Methods:Serum concentrations of resistin (ng/mL), leptin (ng/mL), and total adiponectin (μg/mL) were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) in 18 pediatric CD patients (mean age 15.0 ± 1.5 years) before first, second, and fourth IFX infusion (weeks 0, 2, and 14) and compared with baseline values from sex‐ and BMI‐matched healthy controls (HC, mean age 13.4 ± 1.6 years).Results:At baseline, CD patients (mean age 15.0 ± 1.5 years, 10 of 18 boys) compared with HC (13.4 ± 1.6 years, 7 of 15 boys) had higher resistin levels (median 14.7 ng/mL, range 5.1–50.5 vs 7.3 ng/mL, 0.5–14.5); P = 0.0002). At weeks 2 and 14, resistin decreased to 6.9 ng/mL (2.9–16.8) (P < 0.0001) and 9.2 ng/mL (4.1–20.6; P = 0.0011), respectively. Leptin and adiponectin were comparable between patients and HC at baseline. Leptin increased in girls from 9.5 ng/mL (4.0–30.1) to 16.0 ng/mL (7.9–35.2; P = 0.0156) and 17.2 ng/mL (10.8‐ 26.8; P = 0.1953) at weeks 0, 2, and 14 respectively; with a trend in boys from 2 (0.6–12.9) to 2.8 (1.7–8.6; P = 0.0840) and 3.3 (1.3–4.6; P = 0.1309). Adiponectin peaked initially from 7.8 μg/mL (4.6–11.9) at week 0 to 9.2 μg/mL (4.1–20.7; P = 0.0005) at week 2 and thereafter fell to 6.5 μg/mL (3.0–12.7; P = 0.0182) at week 14.Conclusions:TNF blockade is associated with changes in circulating adipokines. The marked early increase of the potent anti‐inflammatory adiponectin may contribute to the rapid response to IFX in CD.
Non‐invasive Markers of Portal Hypertension
Authors: Sutton Harry , Dhawan Anil , Grammatikopoulos Tassos 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTPortal hypertension (PHT) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children with chronic liver disease and portal vein obstruction. Increased portal pressure results in variceal formation along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract resulting in major bleeding. Identifying children with significant PHT who are more likely to suffer GI bleeding has been challenging and the role of surveillance upper GI endoscopy has been debated. This review analyses research done on serum biomarkers and imaging techniques as possible predictors of significant PHT. We evaluated the research performed on adult population, as well as the limited work done on children, to identify promising areas for future research. A literature search was conducted on “PubMed.” Several search terms were used including “portal hypertension,” “paediatric portal hypertension,” “non‐invasive markers of portal hypertension,” “spleen stiffness,” “liver stiffness,” “elastography,” and “endothelial damage.” The articles included were selected based on their relevance to the purpose of our review. The research suggests a combination of several biomarkers, in addition to an imaging technique such as transient elastography or magnetic resonance elastography, would allow for the best prediction of significant varices. The most promising indicators would be those that are applicable in both intra‐ and extra‐hepatic causes of PHT. Further research on these predictors in children with PHT is required to determine their potential role as selection criteria for PHT and stratification of surveillance GI endoscopies.
Scleral Lens Clearance Assessment with Biomicroscopy and Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Yeung Debby , Sorbara Luigina 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

SIGNIFICANCE
It is important to be able to accurately estimate the central corneal clearance when fitting scleral contact lenses. Tools available have intrinsic biases due to the angle of viewing, and therefore an idea of the amount of error in estimation will benefit the fitter.

PURPOSE
To compare the accuracy of observers' ability to estimate scleral contact lens central corneal clearance (CCC) with biomicroscopy to measurements using slit-lamp imaging and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).

METHODS
In a Web-based survey with images of four scleral lens fits obtained with a slit-lamp video imaging system, participants were asked to estimate the CCC. Responses were compared with known values of CCC of these images determined with an image-processing program (digital CCC) and using the AS-OCT (AS-OCT CCC). Bland-Altman plots and concordance correlation coefficients were used to assess the agreement of CCC measured by the various methods.

RESULTS
Sixty-six participants were categorized for analysis based on the amount of experience with scleral lens fitting into novice, intermediate, or advanced fitters. Comparing the estimated CCC to the digital CCC, all three groups overestimated by an average of +27.3 ± 67.3 μm. The estimated CCC was highly correlated to the digital CCC (0.79, 0.92, and 0.94 for each group, respectively). Compared with the CCC measurements using AS-OCT, the three groups of participants overestimated by +103.3 μm and had high correlations (0.79, 0.93, and 0.94 for each group).

DISCUSSION
Results from this study validate the ability of contact lens practitioners to observe and estimate the CCC in scleral lens fittings through the use of biomicroscopic viewing. Increasing experience with scleral lens fitting does not improve the correlation with measured CCC from digital or the AS-OCT. However, the intermediate and advanced groups display significantly less inter-observer variability compared with the novice group.
Content, Accessibility, and Dissemination of Disaster Information via Social Media During the 2016 Louisiana Floods
Authors: Scott Katherine K. , Errett Nicole A. 
Published: December 2017

Context:
Social media is becoming increasingly integrated into disaster response communication strategies of public health and emergency response agencies.

Objective:
We sought to assess the content, accessibility, and dissemination of social media communications made by government agencies during a disaster response.

Design:
A cross-sectional analysis of social media posts made by federal, state, and local government, public health and emergency management agencies before, during, and after the 2016 Louisiana floods was conducted to determine their content, accessibility, and dissemination by level of government and time relative to disaster onset.

Setting:
Facebook and/or Twitter posts made by public agencies involved in the response to the 2016 Louisiana Flooding events (FEMA Disaster Declaration [DR-4277]) published between August 4 and September 16, 2016, publicly available online between February 21 and March 31, 2017, were included in the analysis.

Main Outcome Measure:

Content: The text of each post was assessed to determine whether it contained information on provision of situational awareness; addressing misconception, actionable requests; mental, behavioral, and emotional support; and/or recovery and rebuilding resources. Accessibility: A Flesh-Kincaid grade level of each post was calculated, and information on post language, originality, hyperlinks, visuals, videos, or hash tag was recorded. Dissemination: The average number of reacts/likes, shares/retweets, and comments per post was calculated.

Results:
Most posts contained information related to situational awareness and recovery resources. There was an increase in messages during the first week of the disaster at all levels. Few posts were made in languages other than English. Compared with state and federal posts, local Facebook posts averaged fewer reacts, comments, and shares throughout the analysis period.

Conclusions:
Government agencies may maximize the use of social media platforms for disaster communications by establishing their social media network in advance of a disaster and by applying established guidelines on disaster social media use.
Microbial Evaluation in Capsular Contracture of Breast Implants
Authors: Galdiero Marilena , Larocca Fabio , Iovene Maria Rosaria , Francesca Martora , Pieretti Gorizio , D’Oriano Virginia , Franci Gianluigi , Ferraro Giuseppe , d’Andrea Francesco , Nicoletti Giovanni Francesco 
Published: December 2017

Background:
Capsular contracture around breast implants is a severe and unpredictable complication experienced by up to 50 percent of patients after breast augmentation and reconstruction, and represents a major cause leading to reoperation. Several lines of evidence point to the involvement of subclinical infections and of bacterial biofilm formation.

Methods:
To reduce the incidence of capsular contracture following mammaplasty, the authors studied the correlation between contamination by exogenous and endogenous bacterial flora and the capacity to develop bacterial biofilm in mammary implants. The authors performed a microbiological study assessing microbial growth of swabs from breast skin, nipple-areola complex, and mammary gland biopsy specimens. Furthermore, the authors compared the results with the data resulting from cultural experiments from biopsy specimens of periprosthetic capsule, contracted or not, and from the surfaces of the relative prosthesis.

Results:
Between July of 2012 and July of 2013, a series of 65 female patients from the area of Naples, Italy, and its province, who underwent breast plastic surgery with the use of implants for aesthetic or reconstructive reasons, were included in the study. The authors noticed that there is a greater tendency for capsular contracture to form in oncologic patients who received radiotherapy, patients with precedent capsular contracture, and patients with cutaneous contamination by biofilm-producing microbes.

Conclusions:
Although all of the new technical procedures tend to reduce the amount of bacterial charge that comes into contact with the prosthesis at the time of its introduction, a minimal amount must always be taken for granted. This is the rationale for a preventative personalized antibiotic therapy.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.