bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Further intensification of deep convection in the Labrador Sea in 2016
Authors: Yashayaev Igor , Loder John W. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThere has been a progressive deepening of winter convection in the Labrador Sea since 2012, with the individual profile maximum depth exceeding 1800 m since 2014 and reaching 2100 m in 2016. This increase, during repeated positive phases of the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), resembles that during the formation of the record depth (2500 m) Labrador Sea Water (LSW) class in 1987–1994, attributed to repeated positive NAO forcing having provided critical preconditioning. The 2012–2016 LSW class is one of the deepest and most persistent ever observed (back to 1938). Year‐round observations from profiling Argo floats since 2002 complemented by annual surveys are providing novel information on the seasonal‐to‐decadal evolution of LSW, such as its variable density, the recent multiyear preconditioning, and its 2016 density being the highest since the mid‐1990s. These findings should help international observation programs and numerical model studies investigating LSW influences on the subpolar North Atlantic and Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation.
Harmonization based on regulatory science between scientific and commercial radio uses in a case of ultrawideband radio
Authors: Kohno Ryuji , Iinatti Jari , Sameshima Keiko 
Published: December 2016

AbstractHarmonization for scientific and commercial radio uses is one of the unsolved problems in academia, industry, and regulatory bodies. The demands for commercial radio, mobile communications, and broadcasting have significantly increased over the past few decades; therefore, interference has become a major concern. There is an increasing need to prevent such interferences, for example, between commercial radio systems and other potentially sensitive radio systems such as those used for radio astronomy or studies. When discussing the fairness in resolving such conflicts, regulatory science may be a useful multidisciplinary approach as it scientifically investigates the advantages and disadvantages of a new application or technology for conflicts between different stakeholders through a mathematical analysis of risks versus benefits of the given technology. Such an analysis enables fair rules or regulations to be made. In this study, we apply the above‐mentioned concept to harmonize the scientific and commercial uses of radio. After a brief introduction to regulatory science, a case study about the coexistence between ultrawideband commercial radio systems and radio astronomy is considered. Finally, a proposal by International Union of Radio Science, Japan, to the Science Council of Japan in the Cabinet Office to establish a “Center for Coexistence and Harmonization of Scientific and Commercial Uses of Radio Waves” is explained.
Modified Cramér‐Rao lower bounds for joint position and velocity estimation of a Rician target in OFDM‐based passive radar networks
Authors: Shi C. G. , Salous S. , Wang F. , Zhou J. J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractOwing to the increased deployment and the favorable range and Doppler resolutions, orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (OFDM)‐based L band digital aeronautical communication system type 1 (LDACS1) stations have become attractive systems for target surveillance in passive radar applications. This paper investigates the problem of joint parameter (position and velocity) estimation of a Rician target in OFDM‐based passive radar network systems with multichannel receivers placed on moving platforms, which are composed of multiple OFDM‐based LDACS1 transmitters of opportunity and multiple radar receivers. The modified Cramér‐Rao lower bounds (MCRLBs) on the Cartesian coordinates of target position and velocity are computed, where the received signal from the target is composed of dominant scatterer (DS) component and weak isotropic scatterers (WIS) component. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate that the target parameter estimation accuracy can be improved by exploiting the DS component. It also shows that the joint MCRLB is not only a function of the transmitted waveform parameters, target radar cross section, and signal‐to‐noise ratio but also a function of the relative geometry between the target and the passive radar networks. The analytical expressions of MCRLB can be utilized as a performance metric to access the target parameter estimation in OFDM‐based passive radar networks in that they enable the selection of optimal transmitter‐receiver pairs for target estimation.
Compact E plane waveguide filter with multiple stopbands
Authors: Mrvić Marija , Potrebić Milka , Tošić Dejan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis paper presents a novel miniaturized E plane multiband bandstop waveguide filter. Quarter‐wave resonators (QWRs) are printed on a thin dielectric substrate to form an insert that is positioned in the E plane of a rectangular waveguide. Stopbands are designed by simple adjustment of length of the QWRs. QWRs for different stopbands are spaced on the insert to eliminate the unwanted coupling between them. Proposed design exhibits independent tuning of the center frequency and bandwidth of each stopband. Miniaturization is achieved by attaching the QWRs for different stopbands to the opposite waveguide walls. As a proof of concept, dual‐band, and triple‐band E plane waveguide bandstop filters with independent control of designed stopbands (ICDSs) are designed. Further size reduction is made by changing dimensions of the dual‐band filter, leading to the proposed ultracompact filter when designed stopbands are not independently controllable. Next, influence of the individual parameters on the filter response is thoroughly investigated. Novel equivalent electrical circuit is presented for fast filter design. Equivalent circuit of the multiband bandstop filter is a cascade of the equivalent networks of the single‐band bandstop filters. Utilization of the proposed circuit enables design fine‐tuning, thus reducing the number of repeated time and memory‐consuming three‐dimensional electromagnetic (3‐D EM) simulations. To verify the proposed design, an E plane dual‐band ICDS bandstop waveguide filter is fabricated, operating at f01 = 9 GHz with fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 5.77% and f02 = 11 GHz with FBW of 5.27%. Measured results are in good agreement with the 3‐D EM simulation.
Exploring predictive performance: A reanalysis of the geospace model transition challenge
Authors: Welling D. T. , Anderson B. J. , Crowley G. , Pulkkinen A. A. , Rastätter L. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe Pulkkinen et al. (2013) study evaluated the ability of five different geospace models to predict surface dB/dt as a function of upstream solar drivers. This was an important step in the assessment of research models for predicting and ultimately preventing the damaging effects of geomagnetically induced currents. Many questions remain concerning the capabilities of these models. This study presents a reanalysis of the Pulkkinen et al. (2013) results in an attempt to better understand the models' performance. The range of validity of the models is determined by examining the conditions corresponding to the empirical input data. It is found that the empirical conductance models on which global magnetohydrodynamic models rely are frequently used outside the limits of their input data. The prediction error for the models is sorted as a function of solar driving and geomagnetic activity. It is found that all models show a bias toward underprediction, especially during active times. These results have implications for future research aimed at improving operational forecast models.
Third‐Generation Amino Acid Furanoside‐Based Ligands from d‐Mannose for the Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones: Catalysts with an Exceptionally Wide Substrate Scope
Authors: Margalef Jèssica , Slagbrand Tove , Tinnis Fredrik , Adolfsson Hans , Diéguez Montserrat , Pàmies Oscar 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA modular ligand library of α‐amino acid hydroxyamides and thioamides was prepared from 10 different N‐tert‐butyloxycarbonyl‐protected α‐amino acids and three different amino alcohols derived from 2,3‐O‐isopropylidene‐α‐d‐mannofuranoside. The ligand library was evaluated in the half‐sandwich ruthenium‐ and rhodium‐catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of a wide array of ketone substrates, including simple as well as sterically demanding aryl alkyl ketones, aryl fluoroalkyl ketones, heteroaromatic alkyl ketones, aliphatic, conjugated and propargylic ketones. Under the optimized reaction conditions, secondary alcohols were obtained in high yields and in enantioselectivities up to >99%. The choice of ligand/catalyst allowed for the generation of both enantiomers of the secondary alcohols, where the ruthenium‐hydroxyamide and the rhodium‐thioamide catalysts act complementarily towards each other. The catalytic systems were also evaluated in the tandem isomerization/asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of racemic allylic alcohols to yield enantiomerically enriched saturated secondary alcohols in up to 98% ee. Furthermore, the catalytic tandem α‐alkylation/asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of acetophenones and 3‐acetylpyridine with primary alcohols as alkylating and reducing agents was studied. Secondary alcohols containing an elongated alkyl chain were obtained in up to 92% ee.magnified image
Regenerative Electroless Etching of Silicon
Authors: Kolasinski Kurt W. , Gimbar Nathan J. , Yu Haibo , Aindow Mark , Mäkilä Ermei , Salonen Jarno 
Published: December 2016

AbstractRegenerative electroless etching (ReEtching), described herein for the first time, is a method of producing nanostructured semiconductors in which an oxidant (Ox1) is used as a catalytic agent to facilitate the reaction between a semiconductor and a second oxidant (Ox2) that would be unreactive in the primary reaction. Ox2 is used to regenerate Ox1, which is capable of initiating etching by injecting holes into the semiconductor valence band. Therefore, the extent of reaction is controlled by the amount of Ox2 added, and the rate of reaction is controlled by the injection rate of Ox2. This general strategy is demonstrated specifically for the production of highly luminescent, nanocrystalline porous Si from the reaction of V2O5 in HF(aq) as Ox1 and H2O2(aq) as Ox2 with Si powder and wafers.
The absorption enhancement of norisoboldine in the duodenum of adjuvant‐induced arthritis rats involves the impairment of P‐glycoprotein
Authors: Duan Cong , Guo Jiao‐Mei , Dai Yue , Xia Yu‐Feng 
Published: December 2016

AbstractLindera aggregata (Sims) Kosterm root has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of rheumatism palsy, dyspepsia and frequent urination for a long time. Norisoboldine, the main active constituent of this herb drug, possesses outstanding anti‐arthritis activity. However, the in vivo disposition of norisoboldine is known to a limited extent, especially under the pathological condition of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of this study is to investigate whether and how the absorption of norisoboldine is altered in adjuvant‐induced arthritis (AIA) rats. Comparative studies of the intestinal absorption of norisoboldine in normal and AIA rats at different pathological stages of the arthritis were performed using in situ single‐pass intestinal perfusion, and the effects of an inhibitor of efflux proteins were also investigated. Norisoboldine was shown to be a substrate of P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp), as P‐gp inhibitor verapamil markedly increased the permeability coefficient (Peff) of norisoboldine by 88% in the intestine of normal rats. Compared with normal rats, AIA rats displayed increased Peff values of norisoboldine by 84% and 86% on day 5 and day 10 after the appearance of the secondary response of arthritis, respectively. Verapamil could eliminate the difference of intestinal absorption of norisoboldine between normal and AIA rats. Further studies showed that impaired expression and activity of P‐gp in AIA rats play a decisive role in the absorption enhancement of norisoboldine. Notably, the impairment of P‐gp function positively correlated with the severity of arthritis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fast and sensitive analysis of beta blockers by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra‐high‐resolution TOF mass spectrometry
Authors: Tomková Jana , Ondra Peter , Kocianová Eva , Václavík Jan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis paper presents a method for the determination of acebutolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol, metoprolol, nebivolol and sotalol in human serum by liquid–liquid extraction and ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra‐high‐resolution TOF mass spectrometry. After liquid–liquid extraction, beta blockers were separated on a reverse‐phase analytical column (Acclaim RS 120; 100 × 2.1 mm, 2.2 μm). The total run time was 6 min for each sample. Linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, matrix effects, specificity, precision, accuracy, recovery and sample stability were evaluated. The method was successfully applied to the therapeutic drug monitoring of 108 patients with hypertension. This method was also used for determination of beta blockers in 33 intoxicated patients.
Validation of an LC–MS/MS method for simultaneous detection of four HDAC inhibitors – belinostat, panobinostat, rocilinostat and vorinostat in mouse plasma and its application to a mouse pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Giri Kalpesh Kumar , Suresh P. S. , Saim Syed Mohd , Zainuddin Mohd , Bhamidipati Ravi Kanth , Dewang Purushottam , Hallur Mahanandeesha S. , Rajagopal Sridharan , Rajagopal Sriram , Mullangi Ramesh 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA sensitive and rapid LC–MS/MS method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantitation of four HDAC inhibitors, namely belinostat (BST), panobinostat (PST), rocilinostat (RST) and vorinostat (VST), in mouse plasma as per regulatory guidelines. The analytes and internal standard were extracted from 50 μL mouse plasma by protein precipitation, followed by chromatographic separation using an Atlantis C18 column with an isocratic mobile phase comprising 0.1% formic acid–acetonitrile (25:75, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min within 2.5 min. Detection and quantitation were done by multiple reaction monitoring on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer following the transitions: m/z 319 → 93, 350 → 158, 434 → 274 and 265 → 232 for BST, PST, RST and VST, respectively, in the positive ionization mode. The calibration curves were linear from 2.92 to 2921 ng/mL for BST and PST and from 1.01 to 1008 ng/mL for RST and VST with r2 ≥ 0.99 for all of the analytes. The intra‐ and inter‐batch accuracy and precision (CV) across quality controls varied from 85.5 to 112% and from 2.30 to 12.5, respectively, for all of the analytes. Analytes were found to be stable under different stability conditions. The method was applied to an i.v. pharmacokinetic study in mice.
A Three‐Dimensionally Structured Electrocatalyst: Cobalt‐Embedded Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanotubes/Nitrogen‐Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide Hybrid for Efficient Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Wei Changting , Wang Hongjing , Eid Kamel , Kim Jeonghun , Kim Jung Ho , Alothman Zeid Abdullah , Yamauchi Yusuke , Wang Liang 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTo develop low‐cost and efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts, a novel hybrid comprising cobalt‐embedded nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotubes and nitrogen‐doped reduced graphene oxide (Co‐NCNT/NrGO‐800) was simply prepared by pyrolysis. The combination of nanotubes and graphene, and the efficient doping with cobalt and nitrogen, greatly contribute to the excellent ORR performance. This optimized Co‐NCNT/NrGO catalyst exhibits a positive onset potential of 0.91 V and a half‐wave potential of 0.82 V, combined with a relatively low peroxide yield, better durability, and better methanol tolerance than commercially available Pt/C, which makes it a promising candidate as a low‐cost and effective non‐precious‐metal ORR catalyst.
A Photoresponsive Orthogonal Supramolecular Complex Based on Host–Guest Interactions
Authors: Wang Dongsheng , Wagner Manfred , Saydjari Andrew K. , Mueller Julius , Winzen Svenja , Butt Hans‐Jürgen , Wu Si 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe synthesized a novel green‐light‐responsive tetra‐ortho‐isopropoxy‐substituted azobenzene (ipAzo). Cis‐ipAzo forms a strong host–guest complex with γ‐cyclo dextrin (γ‐CD) whereas trans‐ipAzo binds weakly. This new photoresponsive host–guest interaction is reverse to the well‐known azobenzene (Azo)/α‐cyclodextrin (α‐CD) complex, which is strong only between trans‐Azo and α‐CD. By combining the UV‐light‐responsive Azo/α‐CD and green‐light‐responsive ipAzo/γ‐CD host–guest complexes, a photoresponsive orthogonal supramolecular system is developed.
Synthesis, Binding Properties, and Differences in Cell Uptake of G‐Quadruplex Ligands Based on Carbohydrate Naphthalene Diimide Conjugates
Authors: Arévalo‐Ruiz Matilde , Doria Filippo , Belmonte‐Reche Efres , De Rache Aurore , Campos‐Salinas Jenny , Lucas Ricardo , Falomir Eva , Carda Miguel , Pérez‐Victoria José María , Mergny Jean‐Louis , Freccero Mauro , Morales Juan Carlos 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe G‐quadruplexes (G4s) are currently being explored as therapeutic targets in cancer and other pathologies. Six carbohydrate naphthalene diimide conjugates (carb‐NDIs) have been synthesized as G4 ligands to investigate their potential selectivity in G4 binding and cell penetration. Carb‐NDIs have shown certain selectivity for G4 structures against DNA duplexes, but different sugar moieties do not induce a preference for a specific G4 topology. Interestingly, when monosaccharides were attached through a short ethylene linker to the NDI scaffold, their cellular uptake was two‐ to threefold more efficient than that when the sugar was directly attached through its anomeric position. Moreover, a correlation between more efficient cell uptake of these carb‐NDIs and their higher toxicity in cancerous cell lines has been observed. Carb‐NDIs seem to be mainly translocated into cancer cells through glucose transporters (GLUT), of which GLUT4 plays a major role.
Functional Species Encapsulated in Nitrogen‐Doped Porous Carbon as a Highly Efficient Catalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Song Li , Wang Tao , Ma Yiou , Xue Hairong , Guo Hu , Fan Xiaoli , Xia Wei , Gong Hao , He Jianping 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe scarcity, high cost, and poor stability of precious metal‐based electrocatalysts have stimulated the development of novel non‐precious metal catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for use in fuel cells and metal–air batteries. Here, we fabricated in situ a hybrid material (Co‐W‐C/N) with functional species (tungsten carbide and cobalt nanoparticles) encapsulated in an N‐doped porous carbon framework, through a facile multi‐constituent co‐assembly method combined with subsequent annealing treatment. The unique structure favors the anchoring active nanoparticles and facilitates mass transfer steps. The homogenously distributed carbide nanoparticles and adjacent Co‐N‐C sites lead to the electrocatalytic synergism for the ORR. The existence of Co and W can promote the graphitization of the carbon matrix. Benefiting from its structural and material superiority, the Co‐W‐C/N electrocatalyst exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity (with a half‐wave potential of 0.774 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)), high stability (96.3 % of the initial current remaining after 9000 s of continuous operation), and good immunity against methanol in alkaline media.
MET tyrosine kinase receptor expression and amplification as prognostic biomarkers of survival in gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Catenacci Daniel V. T. , Ang Agnes , Liao Wei‐Li , Shen Jing , O'Day Emily , Loberg Robert D. , Cecchi Fabiola , Hembrough Todd , Ruzzo Annamaria , Graziano Francesco 
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUNDMET gene amplification and Met protein overexpression may be associated with a poor prognosis. The MET/Met status is typically determined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), respectively. Targeted proteomics uses mass spectrometry–based selected reaction monitoring (SRM) to accurately quantitate Met expression. FISH, IHC, and SRM analyses were compared to characterize the prognostic value of MET/Met in gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEC).METHODSSamples from 447 GEC patients were analyzed for MET gene amplification (FISH) and Met protein expression (IHC and SRM). Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan‐Meier estimates were applied to explore relations between Met, overall survival (OS), and clinical/pathological characteristics. Spearman's rank coefficient was used to assess the correlation between parameters.RESULTSPatients with MET‐amplified tumors had worse OS when: the MET/centromere enumeration probe for chromosome 7 FISH ratio was ≥ 2 (hazard ratio [HR], 3.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.84‐5.33), the MET gene copy number was ≥5 (HR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.45‐4.34), or ≥ 10% of the cells had ≥15 copies (HR, 4.28; 95% CI, 2.18‐8.39). Similar observations were made with Met protein overexpression by IHC (≥1 + intensity in ≥ 25% of the tumor cell membrane: HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.04‐1.86) or SRM (≥400 amol/μg: HR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.06‐2.90). A significant correlation was observed between MET FISH/Met IHC, MET FISH/Met SRM, and Met IHC/Met SRM; only MET FISH and Met SRM were independent negative prognostic biomarkers in multivariate analyses.CONCLUSIONSMET amplification and overexpression, assessed by multiple methods, were associated with a worse prognosis in univariate analyses. However, only MET amplification by FISH and Met expression by SRM were independent prognostic biomarkers. Compared with IHC, SRM may provide an added benefit for informed decisions about Met‐targeted therapy. Cancer 2017;123:1061–70. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
White‐Light‐Emitting Carbon Dots Prepared by the Electrochemical Exfoliation of Graphite
Authors: Joseph Julin , Anappara Aji A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe single‐step synthesis of white‐light‐emitting carbon dots (CDs) through a green, facile and cheap electrochemical route by using graphite rods as the carbon source is reported. Under UV excitation, the aqueous dispersion of as‐synthesised CDs exhibit broad‐band emission, which covers a significant fraction of the visible spectrum, owing to the heterogeneity in particle size and surface functional groups. The CDs were further explored for their potential as UV‐to‐visible colour convertors under remote‐phosphor technology by capping a λ=365 nm UV light‐emitting diode (LED) chip with CD‐loaded poly(methyl methacrylate) to obtain the following colour parameters: Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage chromaticity coordinates (0.35, 0.37), colour rendering index (88) and correlated colour temperature (4802 K).