bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obstetric analgesia – update 2016
Authors: Heesen Michael , Klimek Markus 
Published: March 2017

AbstractNeuraxial labor analgesia can be initiated via combined spinal-epidural (CSE) or stand-alone epidural. Pros and cons of these techniques are outlined in this review. In recent years computer-integrated patient-controlled epidural analgesia (CI-PCEA) and programed intermittent epidural boluses (PIEB) have been developed, adding to continuous infusion and PCEA for the maintenance of neuraxial analgesia. Postdural puncture headache (PDPH) and fever can occur secondary to labor epidural that both have clinical relevance for the care givers. Insights into the mechanism of epidural fever and treatment strategies for PDPH are outlined. Due to the increase in obesity the specific considerations for this patient group are discussed. New data have been presented for remifentanil, an ultra-shortly acting opioid, that is used in obstetric analgesia. Without breaking new data, the use of nitrous oxide especially by midwives has a kind of renaissance, and this will be discussed, too.
A Computation Fluid Dynamic Model for Gas Lift Process Simulation in a Vertical Oil Well
Authors: Kadivar Arash , Lay Ebrahim Nemati 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Continuous gas-lift in a typical oil well was simulated using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) technique. A multi fluid model based on the momentum transfer between liquid and gas bubbles was employed to simulate two-phase flow in a vertical pipe. The accuracy of the model was investigated through comparison of numerical predictions with experimental data. The model then was used to study the dynamic behaviour of the two-phase flow around injection point in details. The predictions by the model were compared with other empirical correlations, as well. To obtain an optimum condition of gas-lift, the influence of the effective parameters including the quantity of injected gas, tubing diameter and bubble size distribution were investigated. The results revealed that increasing tubing diameter, the injected gas rate and decreasing bubble diameter improve gas-lift performance.
Optical properties of atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides: observations and puzzles
Authors: Koperski Maciej , Molas Maciej R. , Arora Ashish , Nogajewski Karol , Slobodeniuk Artur O. , Faugeras Clement , Potemski Marek 
Published: March 2017

AbstractRecent results on the optical properties of monolayer and few layers of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides are reviewed. Experimental observations are presented and discussed in the frame of existing models, highlighting the limits of our understanding in this emerging field of research. We first introduce the representative band structure of these systems and their interband optical transitions. The effect of an external magnetic field is then considered to discuss Zeeman spectroscopy and optical pumping experiments, both revealing phenomena related to the valley degree of freedom. Finally, we discuss the observation of single photon emitters in different types of layered materials, including wide band gap hexagonal boron nitride. While going through these topics, we try to focus on open questions and on experimental observations, which do not yet have a clear explanation.
Comparison between Vernier-cascade and MZI as transducer for biosensing with on-chip spectral filter
Authors: Martens Daan , Bienstman Peter 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) and the Vernier-cascade are highly responsive photonic sensors with large design freedom. They are therefore very suitable for interrogation through a broadband source and an on-chip spectral filter, a sensing scheme that is well equipped for point-of-care applications. In this work, the MZI is shown to outperform the Vernier-cascade through a better minimum detectable wavelength shift as well as a higher power efficiency, indicating its superiority in this sensing scheme. Fabricated MZIs yield bulk detection limits down to 8.8×10−7 refractive index units (RIU) in a point-of-care compatible measuring setup, indicating the potential of the proposed sensing scheme.
Cholinergic top-down influences on the auditory brainstem
Authors: Künzel Thomas , Wagner Hermann 
Published: March 2017

Abstract:Descending connections are present in many sensory systems and support adaptive information processing. This allows the sensory brain to code a wider range of inputs. A well characterized descending system is the olivo-cochlear cholinergic innervation of the inner ear, which mediates a reduction of the sensitivity of the inner ear upon perception of intense sounds. Because this inhibits the response to background noise, the olivo-cochlear system supports detection of transient sound events. Olivo-cochlear neurons also innervate the cochlear nucleus through axon collaterals. Here, acetylcholine increases the excitability of central neurons without reducing their temporal precision. Thus their target neurons in the superior olivary complex can more effectively process binaural temporal cues. We argue that the central effect of the olivo-cochlear system augments the peripheral effect. In addition, olivo-cochlear cholinergic neurons are under top-down control of cortical inputs, providing further adaptability of information processing on the level of the auditory brainstem.
Impact of Terms-of-Trade on Slovakia, the Czech Republic, and Croatia in the Short Run
Authors: Szomolányi Karol , Lukáčik Martin , Lukáčiková Adriana 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The terms-of-trade shocks are not main source of business cycles in three post-communist countries (i.e., Slovakia, the Czech Republic, and Croatia). The zero or negative reactions of the trade balance in terms-of-trade positive shocks in the countries exhibit the Obstfeld-Svensson-Razin effect, according to which the Harberger-Laursen-Metzler positive effect on terms-of-trade indicates that the smaller the trade balance, the more persistent the terms-of-trade shock is. The conclusions come from the structural vector autoregressive analysis of the cyclical components of terms-of-trade, trade balance, output, consumption, and investment in three post-communist countries.
Moderating Effects between Job Insecurity and Intention to Quit in Samples of Slovene and Austrian Workers
Authors: Jiménez Paul , Milfelner Borut , Žižek Simona Šarotar , Dunkl Anita 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Job insecurity is a serious stressor in the work environment, with negative work-related outcomes. The effects of job insecurity strongly depend on the country’s economic condition. The present study investigated the relationship among job insecurity, job satisfaction, and the intention to quit as well as possible mediating variables (resources/recovery and stress). The samples of 251 Slovene and 219 Austrian workers were analyzed. The data indicated that job insecurity is related to higher stress and intention to quit as well as to lower resources/recovery at the workplace. Stress is an important mediator in the relationship between resources/recovery and job satisfaction as well as intention to quit. These relationships were found in both samples.
Physico-chemical and optical properties of Er3+-doped and Er3+/Yb3+-co-doped Ge25Ga9.5Sb0.5S65 chalcogenide glass
Authors: Himics Dianna , Strizik Lukas , Holubova Jana , Benes Ludvik , Palka Karel , Frumarova Bozena , Oswald Jiri , Tverjanovich Andrey S. , Wagner Tomas 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We investigated the physicochemicаl properties, structure and optical properties of the Ge25Ga9.5Sb0.5S65: Er3+/Yb3+ glasses. The Judd-Ofelt theory was used to calculate the intensities of the intra-4f electronic transitions of Er3+ ions. We observed the upconversion photoluminescence (UCPL) at 530, 550, 660 and 810 nm under 980 nm excitation. In the Ge25Ga9.5Sb0.5S65: 0.1 at.% Er3+, we found that the Stokes photoluminescence (PL) at the green spectral region excited by the 490 and 532 nm laser is only ≈5 times higher than the UCPL emission under 810 or 980 nm excitation making these materials attractive for UCPL applications. The addition of 0.1–1 at.% of Yb3+ into Ge25Ga9.5Sb0.5S65: 0.1 at.% Er3+ glass reduces the UCPL as well as the Er3+ ≈1.5 μm emission intensity probably due to the reabsorption processes of the excitation light and concentration quenching. However, the observed Er3+: 4
S
3/2→4
I
13/2 (≈850 nm) emission in the Ge25Ga9.5Sb0.5S65: 0.1 at.% Er3+ sample populates the 4
I
13/2 level, which promises the using of this material for the 1.5 μm optical amplification.
Toward the control of graphenic foams
Authors: Speyer Lucie , Louppe Océane , Fontana Sébastien , Cahen Sébastien , Hérold Claire 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Graphene-based materials are extensively studied, due to their excellent properties and their wide range of possible applications. Attention has recently been paid to three-dimensional-like graphenic structures, such as crumpled graphene sheets and graphenic foams: these kinds of materials can combine the properties of graphene associating high surface area and porosity, what is particularly interesting for energy or catalysis applications. Most of the synthesis methods leading to such structures are based on graphite oxide exfoliation and re-assembly, but in this work we focus on the preparation of graphenic foams by a solvothermal-based process. We performed a solvothermal reaction between ethanol and sodium at 220°C, during 72 h, under 200 bar, followed by a pyrolysis under nitrogen flow. An extended study of the influence of the temperature (800°C–900°C) of pyrolysis evidences an unexpected strong effect of this parameter on the characteristics of the materials. The optimal conditions provide multi-layer graphene (10 layers) foam with a surface area of 2000 m2·g−1. This work is an important step for the understanding of the mechanisms of the thermal treatment. Post-treatments in different experimental conditions are performed in order to modulate the structure and properties of the graphenic foams.
Non-traditional Ziegler-Natta catalysis in α-olefin transformations: reaction mechanisms and product design
Authors: Nifant’ev Ilya , Ivchenko Pavel , Tavtorkin Alexander , Vinogradov Alexey , Vinogradov Alexander 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This paper describes our recent results in the field of zirconocene-catalyzed α-oltfin transformations, and focuses on questions regarding the reaction mechanism, rational design of zirconocene pre-catalysts, as well as prospective uses of α-olefin products. It has been determined that a wide range of α-olefin-based products, namely vinylidene dimers, oligomers and polymers, can be prepared via catalysis by zirconocene dichlorides, activated by a minimal (10–20 eq.) amount of MAO. We assumed that in the presence of minimal quantities of MAO, various types of zirconocene catalysts form different types of catalytic particles. In the case of bis-cyclopentadienyl complexes, the reactive center is formed under the influence of R2AlCl, which makes the chain termination via β-hydride elimination significantly easier, with α-olefin dimers being formed as the primary product. Bis-indenyl complexes and their heteroanalogues, form stable cationic catalytic particles and effectively catalyze the polymerization. Mono-indenyl and mono-substituted bis-cyclopentadienyl-ansa complexes catalyze α-olefin oligomerization. Effective catalysts of dimerization, oligomerization and polymerization of α-olefins in the presence of minimal MAO quantities are proposed. Prospects of using α-olefin dimers, oligomers and polymers in the synthesis of branched hydrocarbon functional derivatives (dimers), high quality, low viscosity motor oils (oligomers), and thickeners and absorbents (polymers) are examined.
The miracle of St. Alfege’s Hospital and the history of the treatment of myasthenia gravis
Authors: Croitoru Cristina , Turliuc Dana , Danciu Florentina , Cucu A. , Costea Claudia 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Having a recent history, the neurological condition called myasthenia gravis has raised dilemmas and questions among doctors since it was first discovered in the 16th century and it has not ceased to be a challenge. Nowadays, neuroscience researchers from around the world have been striving to perfect a modern treatment of this condition. Our paper is an incursion into the past, more precisely into the history of the treatment of this disease, from its origin to date, when immunological therapy has progressed.
When hanging caused an intracranial haemorrhage - a rare case report
Authors: Kulshreshtha Vardan , Kumar Ashok , Jaiswal Gaurav , Gupta Tarun Kumar 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Depressive illness is a growing health hazard into modern era days. Depression may sometimes result in suicidal tendency in a major number of patients. Suicidal attempt not only leads to loss of life, but also a significant number of survivors retain various morbidity. We here report a rare case of intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) following a suicidal attempt by hanging.
The Stimulation of Students’ Interest in the Teaching by Competency-based Approach: Latin American Perspective
Authors: Zhyzhko Olena 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis article presents the results of scientific-pedagogical research, which consisted in identifying, what are the best strategies of stimulation of students’ interest in the teaching by competency-based approach studying the works of Latin American scientists. With support in the pedagogic-comparative study the author has found out that in the Mexican education system the competency-based approach has been implemented since 2009 through the new national educational policies and Reform of Basic Education in which documents it is argued that competence means putting in play knowledge, attitudes, skills and values for achieving purposes in certain contexts and situations. One of the key tasks of the teacher is to lead and keep the attention of his/her students towards certain goals. Motivation to learning represents the socio-emotional or psychosocial variables (social identity, attitude to the subject, motivation), involved in learning on par with the educational variables (teacher, methodology, learning context); individual variables (subject learning abilities, aptitudes, needs, personality); socio-demographic variables (student’s age, sex, socio-economic and socio-cultural level); sociopolitical context variables (importance in the society of knowledge that provides the subject). The study has showed that the best strategies for stimulation of students’ interest in the learning by competency-based approach, following the Latin American scientists, are, among others, modeling, adapting, making the content of the studied discipline “accessible” to the student’s needs; developing students’ autonomy in learning; promoting conscious learning; establishing dynamic and equitable system of interrelations in the class; creating positive psychological environment; raising the illustrative and dynamic teaching; ensuring the self-control and self-regulation; using the error as part of the learning process (and not as punitive).
The Problem of Linguistic Self-Education in World Theory and Practice (Historical and Pedagogical Aspects)
Authors: Shumskyi Oleksandr 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn the paper it has been grounded that under the conditions of forming postindustrial epoch, which is characterised by the processes of globalisation and informatisation, there exists a social demand for the specialists who have a formed preparedness for continuous self-education, including linguistic self-instruction. This presupposes developing innovative and strategic thinking as well as realising the objective necessity of continuous enhancing of their proficiency level, which is a key factor of interaction with dynamic and changeable professional environment with rapid obsolescence of knowledge, constant technological advancement, etc. It has been proved that nowadays the role of self-education, as the instrument of forming highly-qualified professionals with sufficient knowledge of foreign languages, is always growing in different countries. Therefore, educators are continually facing the task of improving the theoretical and methodological base of teaching students to be autonomous in their studies. It has been substantiated that, in view of the principle of continuity in science, introducing any innovations into the learning process in linguistic self-education should be preceded by the profound studying of the pedagogically valuable theoretical and practical experience, gained by the previous generations of researchers. Thus, the retrospective analysis of basic historical milestones of evolving the phenomenon “linguistic self-education” has been conducted and its results have been presented in this work.
Implementation of Gender Studies Results into Teacher Training in Germany: Challenges and Perspectives
Authors: Gryvkova Olena 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroduction of gender-specific approaches in education is a new step in the development of pedagogical anthropology. Pedagogy as a fundamental complex discipline, which is based on the latest achievements of knowledge about a human, cannot stand aside the transformational modifications of the societies and cannot help responding to their challenges. Recently, gender studies have become an integral part of pedagogy and gender issues have been available in different areas of teaching. Category of gender, theoretical approaches and empirical results of gender studies represent a challenge to professional training of teachers. In the defined context especially important are the ideas highlighted in the works of some leading contemporary German scholars who have made significant contributions to the establishment and development of gender pedagogy in Germany. The author performs a theoretical analysis of the present state of incorporation of results of gender studies into teachers’ training process at German universities; the levels of pedagogical action which these results challenge have been emphasized. Particular attention has been paid to the perspectives of implementation of results of gender studies into professionalism – focused teachers’ training on the example of German educational experience. Perspective directions for further studying can be various program models of application of gender studies in organizational and pedagogical foundations, content and teaching methodology.
Teachers’ Motivations and Expectations Regarding Lifelong Learning
Authors: Dabija Dan-Cristian , Abrudan Ioana-Nicoleta , Postelnicu Cătălin 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The global contemporary economic and social context, in constant change, makes the learning process undergo constant structural changes with profound implications. These transformations also influence practices, principles and methods used in the field of learning and teaching. The present research is focused on the motivations and expectations of teachers regarding lifelong learning. Their main motivator is to improve teaching tools, techniques and methods. The study population consists of educators who teach the national language and literature (Romanian) to national minorities (Hungarian, German, Roma, Tatar, Serbian, Ukrainian, etc.) and to migrants from various states. The respondents have participated in a lifelong learning program.
Two copper(II) coordination polymers constructed by bis(4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)methanone and dicarboxylate ligands
Authors: Wang Gao-Feng , Zhang Xiao , Sun Shu-Wen , Sun Hong , Li Hui , Ma Hui-Xuan , Tang Yu-Peng , Gao Xiao-Na , Yang Lei 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Two new copper(II) complexes, {[Cu(bipmo)(npa)]}
n
(1) and {[Cu(bipmo)(pa)]}
n
(2) (bipmo=bis(4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)methanone), were synthesized by solvothermal methods and structurally characterized by elemental analyses, infrared spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The results from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data indicate that the solid state structures of 1 and 2 consist of neutral metal aromatic carboxylate layers, which are pillared by the weak interactions to generate 3D architectures. The topological structures of 1 and 2 are uninodal nets based on 4-connected nodes with the Schläfli symbol of (65·8).
Good to Great: Quality-Improvement Initiative Increases and Sustains Pediatric Health Care Worker Hand Hygiene Compliance
Authors: McLean Heather S. , Carriker Charlene , Bordley William Clay 
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVE:
The Joint Commission, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the World Health Organization challenge hospitals to achieve and sustain compliance with effective hand hygiene (HH) practice; however, many inpatient units fail to achieve a high level of reliability. The aim of the project was to increase and sustain health care worker (HCW) compliance with HH protocols from 87% (level of reliability [LOR] 1) to ≥95% (LOR 2) within 9 months on 2 pediatric inpatient units in an academic children’s hospital.

METHODS:
This study was a time-series, quality-improvement project. Interventions were tested through multiple plan-do-study-act cycles on 2 pediatric inpatient units. HH compliance audits of HCWs on these units were performed randomly each week by the hospital infection prevention program. Control charts of percentages of HCW HH compliance were constructed with 3-σ (data within 3 SDs from a mean) control limits. These control limits were adjusted after achieving significant improvements in performance over time. Charts were annotated with interventions including (1) increasing awareness, (2) providing timely feedback, (3) empowering patients and families to participate in mitigation, (4) providing focused education, and (5) developing interdisciplinary HH champions.

RESULTS:
HH compliance rates improved from an average of 87% (LOR 1) to ≥95% (LOR 2) within 9 months, and this improvement has been sustained for &gt;2 years on both pediatric inpatient units.

CONCLUSIONS:
Significant and sustained gains in HH compliance rates of ≥95% (LOR 2) can be achieved by applying high-reliability human-factor interventions.
Presence of mycorrhizal fungi and a fluorescent Pseudomonas sp. in the rhizosphere of cacao in two agroecosystems and their effects on cacao seedling growth
Authors: Ramirez Joaquin Guillermo , Osorno Laura , Osorio Nelson Walter 
Published: March 2017

In recent years the cultivation of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) in Colombia has been growing up, resulting in the need to develop a sustainable production system. In this regard, ben eficial soil microorganisms are an alternative for improving plant productivity, but this requires knowledge of their ecology and functioning. This study had the objective of identify and quantify arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and fluorescent Pseudomonas sp. associated with the soil and rhizosphere of cacao plants in two agroecosystems, one of them was in a tropi cal dry forest (TDF) and the other in a tropical moist forest (TMF). In a second stage of the study, native strains of Glomus sp., Acaulospora sp., and fluorescent Pseudomonas sp. were se lected and multiplied in the lab. Subsequently, the effectiveness of these strains to promote cacao seedling growth was tested in a greenhouse experiment. The results indicate that there was a significant (P<0.05) greater mycorrhizal colonization and diversity associated to the roots of cacao growing in agroeco systems of the tropical moist forest. However, not significant differences were detected regarding the presence of fluorescent Pseudomonas sp. in the two agroecosystems. Otherwise, in the greenhouse experiments, the inoculation with the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus sp. was the only treatment that promoted the cacao seedling growth.