bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Escolas entre imigrantes poloneses no Rio Grande do Sul e a Nacionalização do Ensino
Authors: Malikoski Adriano , Kreutz Lúcio 
Published: March 2016

O presente texto tem por objetivo apresentar resultados de pesquisa sobre as escolas étnicas dos imigrantes poloneses no Rio Grande do Sul, de 1890 até 1938. Até 1938 houveram 106 escolas étnicas polonesas em funcionamento nesse estado, das quais muitas possuíam ensino bilíngue, em português e polonês. O material didático utilizado era em língua polonesa e portuguesa, com destaque para textos que retratavam a cultura polonesa e sua adaptação ao contexto dos núcleos coloniais. A História Cultural como leitura do objeto de pesquisa, possui como metodologia uma abordagem reflexiva-analítica de diferentes fontes, tais como documentos, bibliografia e a História Oral.
Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Induce Angiogenesis via Microvesicle Transport of miRNA-31
Authors: Kang Ting , Jones Tia M. , Naddell Clayton , Bacanamwo Methode , Calvert John W. , Thompson Winston E. , Bond Vincent C. , Chen Y. Eugene , Liu Dong 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Cell secretion is an important mechanism for stem cell-based therapeutic angiogenesis, along with cell differentiation to vascular endothelial cells or smooth muscle cells. Cell-released microvesicles (MVs) have been recently implicated to play an essential role in intercellular communication. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential effects of stem cell-released MVs in proangiogenic therapy. We observed for the first time that MVs were released from adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and were able to increase the migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Endothelial differentiation medium (EDM) preconditioning of ASCs upregulated the release of MVs and enhanced the angiogenic effect of the released MVs in vitro. RNA analysis revealed that microRNA was enriched in ASC-released MVs and that the level of microRNA-31 (miR-31) in MVs was notably elevated upon EDM-preconditioning of MV-donor ASCs. Further studies exhibited that miR-31 in MVs contributed to the migration and tube formation of HUVECs, microvessel outgrowth of mouse aortic rings, and vascular formation of mouse Matrigel plugs. Moreover, factor-inhibiting HIF-1, an antiangiogenic gene, was identified as the target of miR-31 in HUVECs. Our findings provide the first evidence that MVs from ASCs, particularly from EDM-preconditioned ASCs, promote angiogenesis and the delivery of miR-31 may contribute the proangiogenic effect.

Significance
This study provides the evidence that microvesicles (MVs) from adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), particularly from endothelial differentiation medium (EDM)-preconditioned ASCs, promote angiogenesis. An underlying mechanism of the proangiogenesis may be the delivery of microRNA-31 via MVs from ASCs to vascular endothelial cells in which factor-inhibiting HIF-1 is targeted and suppressed. The study findings reveal the role of MVs in mediating ASC-induced angiogenesis and suggest a potential MV-based angiogenic therapy for ischemic diseases.
Anomalous electrostatic potential properties in carbon nanotube thin films under a weak external electric field
Authors: Ishiyama U , Cuong Nguyen Thanh , Okada Susumu 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Using density functional theory, we studied the electronic properties of carbon nanotube (CNT) thin films under an electric field. The carrier accumulation due to the electric field depends strongly on the CNT species forming the thin films. Under a low electron concentration, the injected electrons are distributed throughout the CNTs, leading to an unusual electric field between CNTs, the direction of which is opposite to that of the applied field. This unusual field response of CNT thin films to an external electric field is ascribed to the internal electric field arising from the electrostatic potential difference between the constituent CNTs.
Enhanced inverse spin-Hall voltage in (001) oriented Fe4N/Pt polycrystalline films without contribution of planar-Hall effect
Authors: Isogami Shinji , Tsunoda Masakiyo 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In this study, the output DC electric voltage (V
out) generated by a Pt-capped Fe4N bilayer film (Fe4N/Pt) under ferromagnetic resonance conditions at room temperature was assessed. The contributions from the inverse spin-Hall effect (ISHE), the planar-Hall effect (PHE) and the anomalous-Hall effect (AHE) were separated from the output voltage by analysis of V
out values determined at varying external field polar angles. The results showed that the polarity of the ISHE (V
ISHE) component of V
out was opposite to that of the PHE (V
PHE). As a result, the magnitude of the intrinsic V
ISHE was beyond V
out by as much as the magnitude of V
PHE. The X-ray diffraction structural analysis revealed the polycrystal of the Fe4N/Pt with (001) orientation, which might be one of the possible mechanisms for enhanced intrinsic V
ISHE.
Anomalous Hall effect based on Pt/Bi0.9La0.1FeO3 bilayers
Authors: Gao Rongli , Fu Chunlin , Cai Wei , Chen Gang , Deng Xiaoling , Zhang Hongrui , Sun Jirong , Shen Baogen 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
A 2.5-nm-thick platinum film with the shape of a Hall bar was deposited by magnetron sputtering on weak ferromagnetic rhombohedral and tetragonal Bi0.9La0.1FeO3 thin films. An anomalous Hall effect (AHE) was observed and studied as a function of magnetic field (H) and temperature (T). For the two samples, besides the obvious difference in the anomalous Hall resistance, the anomalous Hall resistance increases sharply with decreasing temperature, and even changes sign, thus violating the conventional expression. This observation indicates strong proximity effects and local-field-induced magnetic ordering in Pt on weak ferromagnetic thin films of rhombohedral and tetragonal Bi0.9La0.1FeO3 and their contribution to the spin-related measurements should not be neglected.
Enhancement of Au-induced lateral crystallization in electron-irradiated amorphous Ge on SiO2
Authors: Moto Kenta , Sakiyama Shin , Okamoto Hayato , Hara Hideyuki , Nishimura Hiroto , Takakura Kenichiro , Tsunoda Isao 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We have investigated the acceleration energy (0.5–2.0 MeV)-modulated electron irradiation effect of Au-induced lateral crystallization for amorphous Ge on SiO2. As a result, low-energy electron (≤1.0 MeV) irradiation was not effective for Au-induced lateral crystallization. On the other hand, when high-energy electron (2.0 MeV) irradiation was utilized, the lateral growth velocity was significantly enhanced (∼1.8 times). We have confirmed that the Au-induced lateral growth is enhanced by electron irradiation, which is due to the introduction of point defects into amorphous Ge, allowing the easy diffusion of Au atoms.
Investigation of new stacking surface passivation structures with interfacial tuning layers on p-type crystalline silicon
Authors: Ikeno Norihiro , Katsumata Taka-aki , Yoshida Haruhiko , Arafune Koji , Satoh Shin-ichi , Chikyow Toyohiro , Ogura Atsushi 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We fabricated a Y2O3–ZrO2 film (YZO) on Al2O3 to achieve the field effect passivation with high negative fixed charge densities on p-type Si. The surface recombination velocity was improved down to 30 cm/s after annealing at 400 °C. This improvement can be attributed to the effective fixed charge enhancement while the interface state densities were kept almost constant. A high thermal tolerance of over 600 °C upon inserting a 2-nm-thick ZrO2 layer between the YZO and Al2O3 interface was confirmed. This result showed that the ZrO2 layer acts as a protective barrier to prevent Al and Y interdiffusions. Annealing at a higher temperature of 800 °C resulted in interface degradation and YZO crystallization, which led to the deterioration of the passivation properties.
<b>1911-1918 Yılları Arasında Türk Yurdu Dergisine Konu Olan Bazı Tartışma ve Polemikler</b> / </br><i>Some Polemics and Discussions which were Subjected In Turk Yurdu Magazine Between 1911-1918 </i>
Authors: Erkan Ümmet 
Published: March 2016

<p align="center"><strong>Some Polemics and Discussions which were Subjected In Turk Yurdu Magazine Between 1911-1918</strong><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Started to press in 1911, The Turk Yurdu Magazine which is the longest press in Turkish Nationalism, leaded by the Turks in Russia whose aims were the Turkish Nation’s going up in all areas. This article examines some polemics, letters and replies for these letters took place in the issues between the years 1911/1918. In this polemics, the topics of what should be understood from the simplification of Turkish and its boundaries, the lack of idealism in education, education with Turkish language, the damages of minority schools on the social life of Ottoman people, the success of the programs of Tanzimat, the effects of national ID on religious ID and the like were discussed. These polemics which the authors of Turk Yurdu and the other intellectuals who took place in the discussion from different newspapers and magazines got a very rich content. This article focuses on the topics which the debates revolves around and and the intellectual discussions about them. </p><p align="center"><strong><br /></strong></p><p align="center"><strong>1911-1918 Yılları Arasında Türk Yurdu Dergisine Konu Olan</strong></p><p align="center"><strong>Bazı Tartışma ve Polemikler </strong></p><p><strong>Öz</strong></p><p>Türk Yurdu Dergisi 1911 yılında yayın hayatına başlamış, Türk milliyetçiliinin en uzun soluklu yayın organıdır. Rusya Türklerinin öncülük ettiği dergide Türklüğün her alanda yükselmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu makalede Türk Yurdu dergisinin 1911-1918 yılları arasındaki sayılarından yola çıkılarak dergideki bazı kalem tartışmaları, mektuplar ve onlara verilen cevaplar incelenecektir. Bu kalem tartışmalarında Türkçenin sadeleştirilmesinden ne anlaşılması gerektiği ve sınırları, eğitimde ideal eksikliği, eğitim dilinin Türkçe olması ve azınlık okullarının Osmanlı sosyal bünyesine verdiği zararlar, Tanzimatçı reform programının başarılı olup olmadığı ve nedenleri, milli kimliğin dini aidiyete zarar verip vermeyeceği konuları ele alınacaktır. Türk Yurdu dergisi yazarları ile dönemin diğer önemli entelektüellerinin çeşitli gazete ve dergilerde dâhil olduğu bu kalem tartışmaları zengin bir muhteva kazanmıştır. Bu tartışmalar dönemin entelektüel fikir hareketleri ve siyasi akımlar hakkında önemli bilgiler içermektedir. Bu araştırma, yapılan tartışma ve polemiklerin hangi konular etrafında yoğunlaştığını ve Türk Yurdu dergisinin bu tartışma ve polemiklerde ne tür bir yöntem izlediğini ortaya koymaktadır. </p>
<b>Mevlana'nın Nazarında Ölüm</b> / <i>Death in Mowlawee's View</i>
Authors: Uğurlu Tuğberk 
Published: March 2016

<p><strong>Death in Mowlawee's View</strong></p><p>Death is one of the main obsessions of man and ranks among his most sophisticated mental and spiritual enigmas. It is hard to accept that there will come a day when we will have to abandon all our mundane attachments to set out a journey to an unknown world. Islamic mystics and sophis even went farther. They regarded death not only as a beginning of a new life but also as a means to reunite with the Eternal Beloved from whom they had been detached by their mundane life. Therefore they consider death as an auspicious event which they always welcome cheerfully and the arrival of which they long for. In this essay, writer constitutes the main topic of the conversation as Mawlana’s opinion about death who is one of most famous intellectual and mystic of Islam history. By doing this, he uses Mawlana’s most notorious compositions ‘Masnawi’ and ‘Fihi Ma Fih’. In the essay, from the opinion of Mawlana as 'death is not an annihilation but a door which anybody has to pass for a new and brighter start' influenced strongly. </p><p><strong>Mevlana'nın Nazarında Ölüm</strong></p><p>Ölüm, insanın başlıca endişelerinden biridir ve onun karmaşık akli ve manevi muammalarının içerisinde üst sıralardadır. Günün birinde, tüm dünyevi bağlarımızı ardımızda bırakıp bilinmeyen bir dünyaya yolculuğa çıkacağımızı kabul etmek zordur. İslam mistisistleri (Sufiler) bu konuda daha da ileri gitmişlerdir. Onlara göre ölüm sadece yeni bir hayata başlangıç değil, aynı zamanda dünya hayatında gurbet çektikleri “Ebedi Sevgili”ye kavuşmak manası taşır. Bu yüzden ölümü her zaman neşeyle karşılanacak, hasret çektikleri şeye kavuştukları kutlu bir olay olarak görürler. Bu makalede yazar, İslam tarihinin belki de en meşhur sufi ve düşünürü Hz. Mevlana'nın ölüm konusundaki yaklaşımlarını konu edinmiştir. Bunu yaparken de ekseriyetle onun en meşhur eserleri; 'Mesnevi' ve 'Fihi Ma Fih'den faydalanmıştır. Makalede Hz. Mevlana'nın ölümü bir yok oluş değil, yeni ve daha parlak bir başlangıca açılan geçilmesi zaruri bir kapı olarak gördüğü düşüncesi ağırlıktadır. </p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>
Risk‐based planning analysis for a single levee
Authors: Hui Rui , Jachens Elizabeth , Lund Jay 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTraditional risk‐based analysis for levee planning focuses primarily on overtopping failure. Although many levees fail before overtopping, few planning studies explicitly include intermediate geotechnical failures in flood risk analysis. This study develops a risk‐based model for two simplified levee failure modes: overtopping failure and overall intermediate geotechnical failure from through‐seepage, determined by the levee cross section represented by levee height and crown width. Overtopping failure is based only on water level and levee height, while through‐seepage failure depends on many geotechnical factors as well, mathematically represented here as a function of levee crown width using levee fragility curves developed from professional judgment or analysis. These levee planning decisions are optimized to minimize the annual expected total cost, which sums expected (residual) annual flood damage and annualized construction costs. Applicability of this optimization approach to planning new levees or upgrading existing levees is demonstrated preliminarily for a levee on a small river protecting agricultural land, and a major levee on a large river protecting a more valuable urban area. Optimized results show higher likelihood of intermediate geotechnical failure than overtopping failure. The effects of uncertainty in levee fragility curves, economic damage potential, construction costs, and hydrology (changing climate) are explored. Optimal levee crown width is more sensitive to these uncertainties than height, while the derived general principles and guidelines for risk‐based optimal levee planning remain the same.
A failure to reject: Testing the correlation between large igneous provinces and deep mantle structures with EDF statistics
Authors: Doubrovine Pavel V. , Steinberger Bernhard , Torsvik Trond H. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAbsolute reconstructions of large igneous provinces (LIPs) for the past 300 Ma reveal a remarkable spatial pattern suggesting that almost all LIPs have erupted over the margins of the two large‐scale structures in the Earth's lower mantle commonly referred to as the Large Low Shear‐wave Velocity Provinces (LLSVPs). This correlation suggests that mantle plumes that have triggered LIP eruptions rose from the margins of LLSVPs, implying long‐term stability of these structures and suggesting that they may be chemically distinct from the bulk of the mantle. Yet, some researchers consider the LLSVPs to be purely thermal upwellings, arguing that the observed distribution of LIPs can be explained by plumes randomly forming over the entire areas of LLSVPs. Here we examine the correlation between the LIPs and LLSVPs using nonparametric statistical tests, updated plate reconstructions, and a large number of alternative definitions of LLSVPs based on seismic tomography. We show that probability models assuming plume sources originating at the margins of LLSVPs adequately explain the observed distribution of reconstructed LIPs. In contrast, we find strong evidence against the models seeking to link LIPs with plumes randomly forming over the entire LLSVP areas. However, the hypothesis proposing that the correlation can be explained by plumes randomly forming over a larger area of slower‐than‐average shear wave velocities in the lowermost mantle cannot be ruled out formally. Our analysis suggests that there is no statistically sound reason for questioning the hypothesis that the LIPs correlate with the margins of LLSVP globally.
Impact of sea ice initialization on sea ice and atmosphere prediction skill on seasonal timescales
Authors: Guemas V. , Chevallier M. , Déqué M. , Bellprat O. , Doblas‐Reyes F. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe present a robust assessment of the impact of sea ice initialization from reconstructions of the real state on the sea ice and atmosphere prediction skill. We ran two ensemble seasonal prediction experiments from 1979 to 2012 : one using realistic sea ice initial conditions and another where sea ice is initialized from a climatology, with two forecast systems. During the melting season in the Arctic Ocean, sea ice forecasts become skilful with sea ice initialization until 3–5 months ahead, thanks to the memory held by sea ice thickness. During the freezing season in both the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans, sea ice forecasts are skilful for 7 and 2 months, respectively, with negligible differences between the two experiments, the memory being held by the ocean heat content. A weak impact on the atmosphere prediction skill is obtained.
Surface circulation at the Strait of Gibraltar: A combined HF radar and high resolution model study
Authors: Soto‐Navarro Javier , Lorente Pablo , Álvarez Fanjul Enrique , Carlos Sánchez‐Garrido Jose , García‐Lafuente Jesús 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObservations from a high frequency radar system and outputs from a high resolution operational ocean model working at the Strait of Gibraltar have been analyzed and compared during the period February 2013 to September 2014 in order to evaluate their capability to resolve the surface circulation of the region. The description of the mean circulation patterns has been statistically assessed, showing good agreement, particularly in the central region of the strait corresponding with the Atlantic Jet (AJ) stream, although some short scale features are not reproduced by the model. In the frequency domain very high concordance is observed. Tidal maps of diurnal and semidiurnal constituents are in good agreement with previous observations. The analysis of the model and radar response to the wind forcing reveals that the low resolution of the model wind‐forcing field and its deeper superficial level smoothes the wind effect on the simulated currents. The first three EOF modes account for the 86% of model and radar variances. The coincidence between the observed and simulated patterns is very significant for the first two modes, which account for the mean velocity field and the latitudinal shifting of the AJ consequence of the flow‐topography interaction. The third mode captures the wind‐induced circulation, and greater discrepancies are found in this case. Results underline the complementary character of both systems: radar observations improve the model description, resolving short scale processes, while the model completes the radar information when the time or spatial coverage is poorer.
The Stochastic Parcel Model: A deterministic parameterization of stochastically entraining convection
Authors: Romps David M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractConvective entrainment is a process that is poorly represented in existing convective parameterizations. By many estimates, convective entrainment is the leading source of error in global climate models. As a potential remedy, an Eulerian implementation of the Stochastic Parcel Model (SPM) is presented here as a convective parameterization that treats entrainment in a physically realistic and computationally efficient way. Drawing on evidence that convecting clouds comprise air parcels subject to Poisson‐process entrainment events, the SPM calculates the deterministic limit of an infinite number of such parcels. For computational efficiency, the SPM groups parcels at each height by their purity, which is a measure of their total entrainment up to that height. This reduces the calculation of convective fluxes to a sequence of matrix multiplications. The SPM is implemented in a single‐column model and compared with a large‐eddy simulation of deep convection.
Intercomparison of methods of coupling between convection and large‐scale circulation: 2. Comparison over nonuniform surface conditions
Authors: Daleu C. L. , Plant R. S. , Woolnough S. J. , Sessions S. , Herman M. J. , Sobel A. , Wang S. , Kim D. , Cheng A. , Bellon G. , Peyrille P. , Ferry F. , Siebesma P. , van Ulft L. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAs part of an international intercomparison project, the weak temperature gradient (WTG) and damped gravity wave (DGW) methods are used to parameterize large‐scale dynamics in a set of cloud‐resolving models (CRMs) and single column models (SCMs). The WTG or DGW method is implemented using a configuration that couples a model to a reference state defined with profiles obtained from the same model in radiative‐convective equilibrium. We investigated the sensitivity of each model to changes in SST, given a fixed reference state. We performed a systematic comparison of the WTG and DGW methods in different models, and a systematic comparison of the behavior of those models using the WTG method and the DGW method. The sensitivity to the SST depends on both the large‐scale parameterization method and the choice of the cloud model. In general, SCMs display a wider range of behaviors than CRMs. All CRMs using either the WTG or DGW method show an increase of precipitation with SST, while SCMs show sensitivities which are not always monotonic. CRMs using either the WTG or DGW method show a similar relationship between mean precipitation rate and column‐relative humidity, while SCMs exhibit a much wider range of behaviors. DGW simulations produce large‐scale velocity profiles which are smoother and less top‐heavy compared to those produced by the WTG simulations. These large‐scale parameterization methods provide a useful tool to identify the impact of parameterization differences on model behavior in the presence of two‐way feedback between convection and the large‐scale circulation.
From MAD to SAD: The Italian experience for the low‐frequency aperture array of SKA1‐LOW
Authors: Bolli P. , Pupillo G. , Virone G. , Farooqui M. Z. , Lingua A. , Mattana A. , Monari J. , Murgia M. , Naldi G. , Paonessa F. , Perini F. , Pluchino S. , Rusticelli S. , Schiaffino M. , Schillirò F. , Tartarini G. , Tibaldi A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis paper describes two small aperture array demonstrators called Medicina and Sardinia Array Demonstrators (MAD and SAD, respectively). The objectives of these instruments are to acquire experience and test new technologies for a possible application to the low‐frequency aperture array of the low‐frequency telescope of the Square Kilometer Array phase 1 (SKA1‐LOW). The MAD experience was concluded in 2014, and it turned out to be an important test bench for implementing calibration techniques based on an artificial source mounted in an aerial vehicle. SAD is based on 128 dual‐polarized Vivaldi antennas and is 1 order of magnitude larger than MAD. The architecture and the station size of SAD, which is along the construction phase, are more similar to those under evaluation for SKA1‐LOW, and therefore, SAD is expected to provide useful hints for SKA1‐LOW.