bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Staying quiet or rocking the boat? An autoethnography of organisational visual white supremacy
Authors: Liu Helena , Pechenkina Ekaterina 
Published: April 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to reflect on critical race theory’s application in organisational visuals research with a focus on forms of visual white supremacy in the workplace.Design/methodology/approach– Drawing on the authors’ personal experiences as racialised “Others” with organisational white supremacy, this paper employs reflective autoethnography to elucidate how whiteness is positioned in the academic workplace through the use of visual imagery. The university, departments and colleagues appearing in this study have been de-identified to ensure their anonymity and protect their privacy.Findings– The authors’ autoethnographic accounts discuss how people of colour are appropriated, commodified and subordinated in the ongoing practice of whiteness.Research limitations/implications– Illuminating the subtle ways through which white supremacy is embedded in the visual and aesthetic dimensions of the organisation provides a more critical awareness of workplace racism.Originality/value– This paper advances the critical project of organisational visual studies by interrogating the ways by which white dominance is enacted and reinforced via the everyday visual and aesthetic dimensions of the workplace. An added contribution of this paper is in demonstrating that visual racism extends beyond misrepresentations of people of colour, but can also manifest in what the authors conceptualise as “visual white supremacy”.
From whence cometh this Welfare consensus? US welfare policy discourse as class warfare in the 1980s and 1990s
Authors: Barany Darren 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to address the ideological narratives which came to comprise a new welfare consensus in the USA and subsequently a welfare state which was more fiscally austere, demeaning, and coercive. It also explores the role of the political and financial restructuring which facilitated the implementation of retrogressive reforms.

Design/methodology/approach
– Macro-level historical forces are investigated through various texts such as policy statements, journal articles, press releases, political addresses, congressional transcripts and testimony, archived papers, newspaper articles, and occasional sound bites and popular culture references pertaining to welfare and which have come to construct the common understanding of it.

Findings
– The formation of this consensus was due in part to three factors: first, the growth of and increased influence of an elite policy planning network; second, welfare program administration and financing had been decentralized which allowed greater autonomy of state and local governments to implement their own retrogressive reforms; and third, there emerged an overarching discourse and paradigm for structuring policy and explaining the causes of poverty which emphasized individual behavior.

Originality/value
– This paper focusses on the materialization of the contemporary welfare consensus during the 1980s and 1990s in terms of its ideological and political history and on its persistence which has affected the ensuing policy culture and which continues to constrain anti-poverty policy discourse as well as what can be accomplished legislatively. The paper is of value for for readers, fields, courses with work that encompasses an examination of political and social theory, ideology, social policy, power/hegemony, poverty, inequality, families, gender, race, and meaning making institutions.
Exploring political skill and deception
Authors: Clements Jeffrey A. , Boyle Randy , Proudfoot Jeffrey G. 
Published: April 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore and develop a model which examines the effects of political skill on an individual’s intent to deceive.Design/methodology/approach– Data were obtained through a survey research design (n=273). The sample consisted of college students. A covariance-based structural equation modeling approach was used to analyze the data.Findings– Individual’s with high levels of political skill had more deception confidence and less deception guilt. Increased deception confidence was shown to be positively related to perceptions of deception success which is turn is positively associated with deception intent. The factors duping delight and deception guilt were also found to be related to deception intent.Research limitations/implications– This research furthers deception research by using a strong behavioral framework to determine the motivational influences on an individual’s politically motivated intent to deceive. In doing so, this research identifies factors which contribute to the general understanding of politically motivated deception intent. However, caution must be applied when making external generalizations outside of the sample of college students.Practical implications– There are practical applications to this research as well. In general those who are highly politically skilled seem to have a stronger intention to deceive. At best, these findings can begin to contribute to the understanding of who we can trust and who we should be wary of. At worst, these findings can help us know who we should turn to when we need to deceive and manipulate others without them catching on. Perhaps this is why we love the rock-star politicians on the side of the isle but loathe the rock-star politicians on the other side of the isle. If we are able to assess the level of political skill in our friends, co-workers, bosses, politicians, etc., we may be keener in picking up on the signals of deception.Social implications– One final area of future research which can build on the concepts presented in this study is the area of social and political power at the macro level. Though the focus of this study is the individual, it is possible that political skill and deceptive communications play an important part of power relationships in wide range of stable institutional systems. Future research should examine to what extent an individual’s political skill and deception abilities can influence society at large.Originality/value– This research extends research on political skill as it explores the effect of political skill in a new context. This research identifies an important facet of why some individuals are better able than others to successfully deceive and may help explain some of the variability in the inability to consistently detect deception efforts.
Differences between business center concepts in The Netherlands
Authors: Weijs-Perrée Minou , Appel-Meulenbroek Rianne , De Vries Bauke , Romme Georges 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to analyze the objectives, tenants, spaces and services of different business center concepts and test whether the existing classifications in literature and in the real estate market draw on significantly different concepts.

Design/methodology/approach
– After a literature review, data on business centers were collected with a questionnaire among owners/mangers of 139 business centers in the Netherlands. The existing business center concepts are examined whether these concepts are significantly different, using bivariate analyses.

Findings
– The findings of this study give insight into the business center market, the existing business center concepts and (dis)similarities between the concepts. Although many dissimilarities were found between the business center concepts, like offered services, social spaces and contractual agreements, findings show that the four business center concepts can be offered in similar objects.

Originality/value
– New ideas about working and the work environment have caused the business center market to become more differentiated. Some studies have attempted to classify the business center market into several categories or analyzed in detail one specific business center concept. However, these studies did not describe in detail the differences between the concepts. Also there is hardly any empirical research on this sector. This paper addresses gaps in previous research on business centers and demonstrates that there are significant (dis)similarities between the existing business center concepts.
Strategic management in Swedish municipal housing
Authors: Lindbergh Lars , Wilson Timothy L. 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
– Present directives in municipal housing have been imposed by the Public Municipal Housing Companies Act, put into force on January 2011 in Sweden. The Act, states that public municipal housing companies (PMHCs) should run their operation on “businesslike principles,” e.g., commensurate with new public management. The purpose of this paper is to determine if forthcoming practices are apparent in the owner directives that govern operations of these companies.

Design/methodology/approach
– The research is both exploratory and qualitative in nature and utilizes in-depth case studies of 20 selected PMHCs. Observations for 2013 were compared with similar documents collected ten years prior (2004) using commercially available NVivo software to qualitatively analyze information.

Findings
– Results suggest that statistically significant changes in directives have occurred and adaptation to the new Act may already have started to take place at this relatively early date.

Practical implications
– Insofar as Sweden might be a model for other countries interested in extending their efforts in managing public housing, observations here provide some insights into possible results.

Originality/value
– This is the first attempt to determine the impact that complying with “businesslike principles” has on operations in Swedish housing, which tends to be a model of effectiveness in the global housing sector.
Preparation and Characterisation of Ink Formulations for Jet Printing on Nylon Carpet
Authors: El-Wahab H. Abd , El-Molla M.M. , Lin L. 
Published: April 2016

Various ink formulations for inkjet printing on nylon66 carpet are prepared by using CI Acid Red 57, Natrosol and sodium alginate thickeners, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, and isopropanol with auxiliaries. The inks are characterised for their rheological, wetting, and storage stability properties. They were jetted by using a Printos P16 drop-on-demand jet print-head onto the nylon66 carpet materials, and the printed images were characterised by using an Image Xpert system.
The inks that contained the synthetic thickeners at the optimum ratio provide good printing and imaging properties, such as optical density, drop size, and depth of penetration into the substrate at pH 4-5. The optimised ink formulation is found to have good storage stability. The study has focused on ink formulations based on CI Acid Red 57. Ink formulations based on other colorants could also be studied in order to assess the applicability of the ink formulation system found for other colorants. The ink formulations developed could find both uses in industrial scale printing and low cost ink formulations for printing of nylon66 carpets.
Preparation and Characterization of Phosphorylated Sesbania Galactomannan Gum Derivatives and Their Applications in Textile Printing
Authors: El-Thalouth I. Abd , M. Rekaby , A.H. Abdel-Rahman , Sh. A. El-khabery 
Published: April 2016

Galactomannan gum isolated from the seeds of sesbania is subjected to chemical modification via phosphorylation. This is conducted via heating moistened blends of the gum with a mixture of orthophosphate salt. Three different phosphate ester derivatives are prepared by changing the reaction time. The %P increases from 0.07 to 0.12 to 0.61 by increasing the reaction time from 30 to 60 to 90 minutes.
Modification of sesbania gum via phosphorylation increases the stability of their pastes to storing. Investigation of the rhelogical properties of these pastes indicate that they are characterised by non-Newtonian pseudoplastic behaviour. As the extent of the reaction increases, i.e. %P, the apparent viscosity of the pastes at a constant rate of shear decreases, while storing does not change the rheological characteristics of the pastes.
Utilization of these derivatives as thickening agents in printing wool fabrics by using acid dyes indicate that phosphate derivatives of sesbania seeds could be used as a thickening agent in printing wool fabrics with acid dyes, where the K/S slightly decreases less than the commercial thickening agent named (Meypro gum) while the overall fastness properties are nearly identical.
Silent Witnesses Innovation Through Tradition in Italian Fashion Companies
Authors: Vacca Federica 
Published: April 2016

The aim of this essay is to examine the relationship between design and handcraft, and examine the artisan as a witness of cultural and social traditions.
In the fashion and textile sector, craft production represents a very high manufacturing cost, particularly when production is not delocalized. However, it might not be easy to position craft production in the market, because its value is not immediately perceived. In this case, a design-oriented approach is essential. Design is important for the specificity of local productive knowledge and identity, not only to develop products with a high narrative content, but also as a stimulus for innovation. In combination with a local orientation, design can build value on implicit knowledge, the search for new languages, increase in the emotional dimension of the offered work, and innovate processes and the conception of the finished products. At the same time, design can help consumers to understand and recognize the qualities and unique characteristics of handmade products, thus creating the feeling of a unique purchasing experience with high added value.
Effectiveness and safety profile of 40% trichloroacetic acid and cryotherapy for plantar warts
Authors: Cengiz Fatma Pelin , Emiroglu Nazan , Su Ozlem , Onsun Nahide 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPlantar warts are one of the most common infectious skin disease caused by the human papillomavirus. In this study, cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen delivered by the physician, up to four treatments 2 weeks apart. Forty percent trichloroacetic acid (TCA) was applied to warts weekly up to four treatments. At the end of 4 weeks, the clinical improvement of the TCA group (n = 30) was six patients (20%) with no change, one patient (3.3%) with a mild response, 13 patients (43.3%) with a moderate response and 10 patients (33.3%) with a good response. In the cryotherapy group, clinical responses were 12 patients (40%) with no change, four patients (13.3%) with a mild response, 12 patients (40%) with a moderate response and two patients (6.7%) with a good response. There was a statistically significant difference in improvement between the two treatment groups (P = 0.027). According to our results, TCA 40% is more effective for clearance of plantar warts with significantly improved long‐term safety profile.
Infection of J774A.1 with different Mycobacterium species induces differential immune and miRNA‐related responses
Authors: Elizabeth Mendoza‐Coronel , Hernández de la Cruz Olga Nohemí , Mauricio Castañón‐Arreola 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTMacrophages act as a reservoir for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, producing latent infection in approximately 90% of infected people. In this study, J774A.1 mouse macrophage cell line response and microRNA (miRNA) expression during infection with the most relevant mycobacterial strains for humans (M. tuberculosis, M. bovis and M. bovis BCG) was explored. No significant differences in bacillary loads were observed between activate and naive macrophages infected with M. tuberculosis and M. bovis. Nitrite production inhibition and infection control were in accordance with the virulence of the strain. Expression of let‐7e, miR‐21, miR‐155, miR‐210 and miR‐223 was opposite in the two species and miR‐146b* and miR‐1224 expression seemed to be part of the general response to infection.
A common framework for identifying linkage rules across different types of interactions
Authors: Bartomeus Ignasi , Gravel Dominique , Tylianakis Jason M. , Aizen Marcelo A. , Dickie Ian A. , Bernard‐Verdier Maud 
Published: April 2016

Summary

Species interactions, ranging from antagonisms to mutualisms, form the architecture of biodiversity and determine ecosystem functioning. Understanding the rules responsible for who interacts with whom, as well as the functional consequences of these interspecific interactions, is central to predict community dynamics and stability.

Species traits sensu lato may affect different ecological processes by determining species interactions through a two‐step process. First, ecological and life‐history traits govern species distributions and abundance, and hence determine species co‐occurrence and the potential for species to interact. Secondly, morphological or physiological traits between co‐occurring potential interaction partners should match for the realization of an interaction. Here, we review recent advances on predicting interactions from species co‐occurrence and develop a probabilistic model for inferring trait matching.

The models proposed here integrate both neutral and trait‐matching constraints, while using only information about known interactions, thereby overcoming problems originating from undersampling of rare interactions (i.e. missing links). They can easily accommodate qualitative or quantitative data and can incorporate trait variation within species, such as values that vary along developmental stages or environmental gradients.

We use three case studies to show that the proposed models can detect strong trait matching (e.g. predator–prey system), relaxed trait matching (e.g. herbivore–plant system) and barrier trait matching (e.g. plant–pollinator systems).

Only by elucidating which species traits are important in each process (i.e. in determining interaction establishment and frequency), we can advance in explaining how species interact and the consequences of these interactions for ecosystem functioning.

A lay summary is available for this article.
Energy expenditure of adult green turtles (Chelonia mydas) at their foraging grounds and during simulated oceanic migration
Authors: Enstipp Manfred R. , Ballorain Katia , Ciccione Stéphane , Narazaki Tomoko , Sato Katsufumi , Georges Jean‐Yves 
Published: April 2016

Summary

Measuring the energy requirements of animals under natural conditions and determining how acquired energy is allocated to specific activities is a central theme in ecophysiology.

Turtle reproductive output is fundamentally linked with their energy balance so a detailed understanding of marine turtle energy requirements during the different phases of their life cycle at sea is essential for their conservation.

We used the non‐invasive accelerometry technique to investigate the activity patterns and energy expenditure (EE) of adult green turtles (Chelonia mydas) foraging year‐round at a seagrass meadow in Mayotte (n = 13) and during simulated oceanic migration (displacement from the nesting beach) off Mohéli (n = 1), in the south‐western Indian Ocean.

At the foraging site, turtles divided their days between foraging benthically on the shallow seagrass meadow during daylight hours and resting at greater depth on the inner side of the reef slope at night. Estimated oxygen consumption rates (s) and daily energy expenditures (DEE) at the foraging site were low (s during the day was 1·6 and 1·9 times the respective resting rate at night during the austral summer and winter, respectively), which is consistent with the requirement to build up substantial energy reserves at the foraging site, to sustain the energy‐demanding breeding migration and reproduction.

Dive duration (but not dive depth) at the foraging site shifted significantly with season (dive duration increased with declining water temperatures, Tw), while overall activity levels remained unchanged. In parallel with a significant seasonal decline in Tw (from 28·9 ± 0·1 °C to 25·3 ± 0·4 °C), there was a moderate (˜19%) but significant decline in DEE of turtles during the austral winter (901 ± 111 kJ day−1), when compared with the austral summer (1117 ± 66 kJ day−1).

By contrast, the turtle moved continuously during simulated oceanic migration, conducting short/shallow dives in the day, which (predominately at night) were interspersed with longer and deeper ‘pelagic’ dives. Estimated oxygen consumption rates during a simulated migration (1·25 ± 0·16 mL O2 min−1 kg−0·83) were found to be significantly increased over the foraging condition, equal to ˜3 times the resting rate at night (0·42 ± 0·02 mL O2 min−1 kg−0·83), and daily energy expenditure amounted to 2327 ± 292 kJ day−1, underlining the tremendous energetic effort associated with breeding migration.

Our study indicates that the accelerometry technique provides a new and promising opportunity to study marine turtle energy relations in great detail and under natural conditions.

A lay summary is available for this article.
Host and parasite thermal acclimation responses depend on the stage of infection
Authors: Altman Karie A. , Paull Sara H. , Johnson Pieter T. J. , Golembieski Michelle N. , Stephens Jeffrey P. , LaFonte Bryan E. , Raffel Thomas R. 
Published: April 2016

Summary

Global climate change is expected to alter patterns of temperature variability, which could influence species interactions including parasitism. Species interactions can be difficult to predict in variable‐temperature environments because of thermal acclimation responses, i.e. physiological changes that allow organisms to adjust to a new temperature following a temperature shift.

The goal of this study was to determine how thermal acclimation influences host resistance to infection and to test for parasite acclimation responses, which might differ from host responses in important ways.

We tested predictions of three, non‐mutually exclusive hypotheses regarding thermal acclimation effects on infection of green frog tadpoles (Lithobates clamitans) by the trematode parasite Ribeiroia ondatrae with fully replicated controlled‐temperature experiments. Trematodes or tadpoles were independently acclimated to a range of ‘acclimation temperatures’ prior to shifting them to new ‘performance temperatures’ for experimental infections.

Trematodes that were acclimated to intermediate temperatures (19–22 °C) had greater encystment success across temperatures than either cold‐ or warm‐acclimated trematodes. However, host acclimation responses varied depending on the stage of infection (encystment vs. clearance): warm‐ (22–28 °C) and cold‐acclimated (13–19 °C) tadpoles had fewer parasites encyst at warm and cold performance temperatures, respectively, whereas intermediate‐acclimated tadpoles (19–25 °C) cleared the greatest proportion of parasites in the week following exposure.

These results suggest that tadpoles use different immune mechanisms to resist different stages of trematode infection, and that each set of mechanisms has unique responses to temperature variability. Our results highlight the importance of considering thermal responses of both parasites and hosts when predicting disease patterns in variable‐temperature environments.