bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevention is better than cure: Addressing anti‐vaccine conspiracy theories
Authors: Jolley Daniel , Douglas Karen M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe current research tested if explicit anti‐conspiracy arguments could be an effective method of addressing the potentially harmful effects of anti‐vaccine conspiracy theories. In two studies, participants were presented with anti‐conspiracy arguments either before, or after reading arguments in favor of popular conspiracy theories concerning vaccination. In both studies, anti‐conspiracy arguments increased intentions to vaccinate a fictional child but only when presented prior to conspiracy theories. This effect was mediated by belief in anti‐vaccine conspiracy theories and the perception that vaccines are dangerous. These findings suggest that people can be inoculated against the potentially harmful effects of anti‐vaccine conspiracy theories, but that once they are established, the conspiracy theories may be difficult to correct.
Minimum standards on prevention, diagnosis and treatment of occupational and work‐related skin diseases in Europe – position paper of the COST Action StanDerm (TD 1206)
Authors: Alfonso J.H. , Bauer A. , Bensefa‐Colas L. , Boman A. , Bubas M. , Constandt L. , Crepy M.N. , Goncalo M. , Macan J. , Mahler V. , Mijakoski D. , Ramada Rodilla J.M. , Rustemeyer T. , Spring P. , John S.M. , Uter W. , Wilkinson M. , Giménez‐Arnau A.M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundSkin diseases constitute up to 40% of all notified occupational diseases in most European countries, predominantly comprising contact dermatitis, contact urticaria, and skin cancer. While insufficient prevention of work‐related skin diseases (WRSD) is a top‐priority problem in Europe, common standards for prevention of these conditions are lacking.ObjectiveTo develop common European standards on prevention and management of WRSD and occupational skin diseases (OSD).MethodConsensus amongst experts within occupational dermatology was achieved with regard to the definition of minimum evidence‐based standards on prevention and management of WRSD/OSD.ResultsBy definition, WRSDs/OSDs are (partially or fully) caused by occupational exposure. The definition of OSD sensu stricto additionally includes diverging national legal requirements, with an impact on registration, prevention, management, and compensation. With the implementation of the classification of WRSD/OSD in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 11th Revision in future, a valid surveillance and comparability across countries will be possible. Currently, WRDS and OSD are still under‐reported. Depending on legislation and regulations, huge differences exist in notification procedures in Europe, although notification is crucial to prevent chronic and relapsing disease. Facilities for early diagnosis, essential for individual patient management, should be based on existing guidelines and include a multidisciplinary approach. Patch testing is essential if contact dermatitis persists or relapses. Workplace exposure assessment of WRSD/OSD requires full labelling of product ingredients on material safety data sheets helping to identify allergens, irritants and skin carcinogens. Comparable standards in primary, secondary and tertiary prevention must be established in Europe to reduce the burden of WRSD/OSD in Europe.ConclusionThe adoption of common European standards on prevention of WRSD/OSD will contribute to reduce the incidence of OSD and their socio‐economic burden.
Effect of liquid properties on swallowing and ventilation coordination in rats
Authors: Desombres A. C. , Duclos C. , Ghannouchi I. , Marie J. P. , Verin E. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundOne aspect of rehabilitation in swallowing disorders is to change liquid properties. The objective of our study was to test how liquid properties could improve oropharyngeal dysphagia and swallowing and ventilation coordination in an animal model.MethodsForty‐two healthy male rats were distributed in six groups, including a control group. Rats were deprived of water for 24 h and then each group was administered liquid with different properties: tap water, sugar water, sparkling water, salt water, cold water, and acidic water. Rats were studied without and with oropharyngeal dysphagia achieved by unilateral section of the hypoglossal nerve. Swallowing and ventilation were analyzed by barometric plethysmograph.Key ResultsIn healthy rats, swallowing occurred during expiratory time for all liquid properties. Most deglutitions were during expiratory time for all liquid properties (88±12%) and were not modified. There was an increase in VT/TI during swallowing with sparkling water and cold water (P<.05). In the operated groups, rats had significantly fewer swallows with tap water (P<.05) and significantly more swallows with sparkling water (P<.001), sugar water (P<.001) and cold water (P<.001) during expiratory time. The mean inspiratory volume (VT/TI) increased with sparkling water (P<.05).Conclusion and InferencesSparkling water seemed to improve swallowing and ventilation coordination in an animal model, to be confirmed in a study including patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia.
Down‐regulation of fibronectin and the correlated expression of neuroligin in hirschsprung disease
Authors: Zheng Y. , Lv X. , Wang D. , Gao N. , Zhang Q. , Li A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimThe goal of this study was to investigate the expression of fibronectin (FN) and the correlated abundance of neuroligins (NLs) in the enteric nervous system (ENS) and to find a novel diagnostic marker in the serum of Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) patients.MethodsThe expression levels of FN, neuroligin‐1 and neuroligin‐2 were detected in 114 children with or without HSCR. The expression and localization of the NLs and FN were assessed morphologically by immunohistochemical staining. Western blot analysis and real‐time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR) were performed to examine the correlated expression of the NLs and FN in aganglionic, transitional, and normal ganglionic colon tissues. An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to evaluate and compare serum FN levels between HSCR and non‐HSCRand between long‐type HSCR and short‐type HSCR.ResultsThese studies showed that both neuroligin‐1 and neuroligin‐2 were expressed at low levels in aganglionic segments and at intermediate levels in transitional segments compared to their high level of expression in normal tissue. In contrast, FN expression was negatively correlated, with expression in these three samples transitioning from highest to lowest. The serum FN level was higher in HSCR than in non‐HSCR, but no significant difference between short‐type HSCR and long‐type HSCR was observed.ConclusionFN affects the expression of both neuroligin‐1 and neuroligin‐2 in HSCR, which may lead to the hypoplasia of ganglion cells in the ENS. This correlation may play a key role in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, or classification of HSCR.
Coloured overlays and precision‐tinted lenses: poor repeatability in a sample of adults and children diagnosed with visual stress
Authors: Suttle Catherine M. , Barbur John , Conway Miriam L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPurposeVisual stress consists of perceived distortions or discomfort while reading. It is claimed that these symptoms are alleviated by viewing through coloured lenses or overlays, with a specific colour required for each individual. This has been explained on the basis of altered visual cortex excitation as affected by the spectral content of the viewing light. If symptoms are indeed alleviated by a particular colour that has an impact on the individual's visual system, we would expect that selection of the most beneficial colour would be repeatable. The aim of this study was to determine whether this is the case.MethodsTwenty‐one participants (mean age 26 years (range 8–55 years); 12 female, nine male) with visual stress and no other uncorrected ocular or visual anomaly were recruited. Each participant selected the colour most beneficial in alleviating their symptoms from a standard set of 10 coloured overlays, and underwent intuitive colorimetry in which the most beneficial of a wide range of chromatic illuminance settings was selected. Without prescribing an overlay at the first appointment, this process was repeated on a second occasion at a mean of 25 days later.ResultsAbout half of the participants (n = 10) chose the same (n = 7) or similar (with one common colour in both choices; n = 3) coloured overlay on the two occasions, while 11 participants chose a completely different overlay colour. Across all participants, the colorimetry setting shifted by, on average, 9.6 just noticeable differences, indicating that the colours were perceptually very different.ConclusionThese findings suggest that people with visual stress are unlikely to find exactly the same colour to be optimal on different occasions, and raise questions about the need for precise colour specification in tinted lenses for visual stress.
Saccades and fixations in children with delayed reading skills
Authors: Vinuela‐Navarro Valldeflors , Erichsen Jonathan T. , Williams Cathy , Woodhouse J. Margaret 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPurposePrevious studies have reported that eye movements differ between good/average and poor readers. However, these studies have been limited to investigating eye movements during reading related tasks, and thus, the differences found could arise from deficits in higher cognitive processes involved in reading rather than oculomotor performance. The purpose of the study is to determine the extent to which eye movements in children with delayed reading skills are different to those obtained from children with good/average reading skills in non‐reading related tasks.MethodsAfter a screening optometric assessment, eye movement recordings were obtained from 120 children without delayed reading skills and 43 children with delayed reading skills (4 to 11 years) using a Tobii TX300 eye tracker. Cartoon characters were presented horizontally from −20° to +20° in steps of 5° to study saccades. An animated stimulus in the centre of the screen was presented for 8 seconds to study fixation stability. Saccadic main sequences, and the number and amplitude of the saccades during fixation were obtained for each participant. Children with delayed reading skills (n = 43) were unmasked after data collection was completed. Medians and quartiles were calculated for each eye movement parameter for children without (n = 120) and with (n = 43) delayed reading skills.ResultsIndependent t‐tests with Bonferroni correction showed no significant differences in any of the saccadic main sequence parameters (Slope, Intercept, A, n and Q ratio) between children without and with delayed reading (p > 0.01). Similarly, no significant differences were found in the number of saccades and their amplitude during the fixation task between the two groups (p > 0.05). Further, none of the gross optometric parameters assessed (visual acuity, refractive error, ocular alignment, convergence, stereopsis and accommodation accuracy) were found to be associated with delayed reading skills (p > 0.05).ConclusionsEye movements in children with delayed reading skills are quantitatively similar to those found in children without delayed reading skills. These findings suggest that, in these children, delayed reading skills are not associated with eye movements and further question interventions targeted at improving eye movement control.
Granting preferential market access in services sequentially versus jointly with goods
Authors: Egger Peter H. , Shingal Anirudh 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDespite the cost and resource‐effectiveness of joint trade negotiations and complementarities between goods and services‐trade flows, more than 12% of the 132 WTO‐notified services‐trade agreements (STAs) in force until August 2015 were entered into effect sequentially to goods‐trade accords. This stylised fact motivates our study of the determinants of joint versus sequential negotiation/accession of goods and services accords, a subject hitherto unexplored in the growing literature on the determinants of STA membership. Our results suggest larger marginal effects of fundamental economic, geographic, institutional, doing business and services regulatory factors on the propensity of joint negotiation/accession compared to STA formation alone. Moreover, cultural‐distance variables are only found to affect the likelihood of joint preferential liberalisation of goods and services trade, without influencing STA‐only membership.
Improvement of Oxygen-Uptake Kinetics and Cycling Performance With Combined Prior Exercise and Fast Start
Authors: Brock Kirsty , Antonellis Prokopios , Black Matthew I. , DiMenna Fred J. , Vanhatalo Anni , Jones Andrew M. , Bailey Stephen J. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose:To investigate whether oxygen-uptake () kinetics and simulated 4-km cycling performance are synergistically improved by prior “priming” exercise and an all-out starting strategy.Methods:Nine men completed 4 target work trials (114 ± 17 kJ) to assesskinetics and cycling performance in a repeated-measures, crossover experimental design. Trials were initiated with either a 12-s all-out start or a self-selected start and preceded by prior severe-intensity (70%Δ) priming exercise or no priming exercise.Results:Themean response time (MRT) was lower (indicative of fasterkinetics) in the all-out primed condition (20 ± 6 s) than in the all-out unprimed (23 ± 6 s), self-paced-unprimed (42 ± 13 s), and self-paced-primed (42 ± 11 s) trials (P < .05), with theMRT also lower in the all-out unprimed than the self-paced unprimed and self-paced primed trials (P < .05). Trial-completion time was shorter (performance was enhanced) in the all-out primed trial (402 ± 14 s) than in the all-out unprimed (408 ± 14 s), self-paced unprimed (411 ± 16 s), and self-paced primed (411 ± 19 s) trials (P < .05), with no differences between the latter 3 trials.Conclusions:The findings from this study suggest that combining severe-intensity priming exercise with a short-duration all-out starting strategy can expedite the adjustment ofand lower completion time during a cycling performance trial to a greater extent than either intervention administered independently. These results might have implications for optimizing performance in short-duration high-intensity competitive events such as a 4-km cycling time trial.
Differences Between Relative and Absolute Speed and Metabolic Thresholds in Rugby League
Authors: Scott Tannath J. , Thornton Heidi R. , Scott Macfarlane T.U. , Dascombe Ben J. , Duthie Grant M. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose: To compare relative and absolute speed and metabolic thresholds for quantifying match output in elite rugby league. Methods: Twenty-six professional players competing in the National Rugby League were monitored with global positioning systems (GPS) across a rugby-league season. Absolute speed (moderate-intensity running [MIRTh > 3.6 m/s] and high-intensity running [HIRTh > 5.2 m/s]) and metabolic (>20 W/kg) thresholds were compared with individualized ventilatory (first [VT1IFT] and second [VT2IFT]) thresholds estimated from the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test (30-15IFT), as well as the metabolic threshold associated with VT2IFT (HPmetVT2), to examine difference in match-play demands. Results: VT2IFT mean values represent 146%, 138%, 167%, and 144% increases in the HIR dose across adjustables, edge forwards, middle forwards, and outside backs, respectively. Distance covered above VT2IFT was almost certainly greater (ES range = 0.79–1.03) than absolute thresholds across all positions. Trivial to small differences were observed between VT1IFT and MIRTh, while small to moderate differences were reported between HPmetVT2 and HPmetTh. Conclusions: These results reveal that the speed at which players begin to run at higher intensities depends on individual capacities and attributes. As such, using absolute HIR speed thresholds underestimates the physical HIR load. Moreover, absolute MIR and high metabolic thresholds may over- or underestimate the work undertaken above these thresholds depending on the respective fitness of the individual. Therefore, using relative thresholds enables better prescription and monitoring of external training loads based on measured individual physical capacities.
Phylogeography of Coxsackievirus A16 Reveals Global Transmission Pathways and Recent Emergence and Spread of a Recombinant Genogroup
Authors: Hassel Chervin , Mirand Audrey , Farkas Agnes , Diedrich Sabine , Huemer Hartwig P. , Peigue-Lafeuille Hélène , Archimbaud Christine , Henquell Cécile , Bailly Jean-Luc ,   the HFMD French Study Network
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTCoxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16;Picornaviridae) is an enterovirus (EV) type associated with hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in children. To investigate the spatial spread of CV-A16, we used viral sequence data sampled during a prospective sentinel surveillance of HFMD in France (2010 to 2014) and phylogenetic reconstruction. A data set of 168 VP1 sequences was assembled with 416 publicly available sequences of various geographic origins. The CV-A16 sequences reported were assigned to two clades, genogroup B and a previously uncharacterized clade D. The time origins of clades B and D were assessed in 1978 (1973 to 1981) and 2004 (2001 to 2007), respectively. The shape of the global CV-A16 phylogeny indicated worldwide cocirculation of genetically distinct virus lineages over time and across geographic regions. Phylogenetic tree topologies and Bayes factor analysis indicated virus migration. Virus transportation events in clade B within Europe and Asia and between countries of the two geographic regions were assessed. The sustained transmission of clade D viruses over 4 years was analyzed at the township level in France and traced back to Peru in South America. Comparative genomics provided evidence of recombination between CV-A16 clades B and D and suggested an intertype recombinant origin for clade D. Time-resolved phylogenies and HFMD surveillance data indicated that CV-A16 persistence is sustained by continuing virus migration at different geographic scales, from community transmission to virus transportation between distant countries. The results showed a significant impact of virus movements on the epidemiological dynamics of HFMD that could have implications for disease prevention.IMPORTANCECoxsackievirus A16 is one of the most prevalent enterovirus types in hand, foot, and mouth disease outbreaks reported in Southeast Asia. This study is based on epidemiological and viral data on HFMD caused by CV-A16 in a European country. The phylogeographic data complemented the syndromic surveillance with virus migration patterns between geographic regions in France. The results show how viral evolutionary dynamics and global virus spread interact to shape the worldwide pattern of an EV disease. CV-A16 transmission is driven by movements of infected individuals at different geographic levels: within a country (local dynamics), between neighboring countries (regional dynamics), and between distant countries (transcontinental dynamics). The results are consistent with our earlier data on EV-A71 and confirm the epidemiological interconnection of Asia and Europe with regard to EV infections.
Investigation of the structural, electronic, elastic and thermodynamic properties of Curium Monopnictides: An ab initio study
Authors: Baaziz H. , Guendouz Dj. , Charifi Z. , Akbudak S. , Uğur G. , Uğur Ş. , Boudiaf K. 
Published: June 2017

The structural, electronic, elastic and thermodynamic properties of Curium Monopnictides CmX (X = N, P, As, Sb and Bi) are investigated using first-principles calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT) and full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method under ambient condition and high pressure. The exchange-correlation term is treated using two approximations spin-polarized local density approximation (LSDA) and spin-polarized generalized gradient approximation generalized (GGA). The structural parameters such as the equilibrium lattice parameters, bulk modulus and the total energies are calculated in two phases: namely NaCl (B1) and CsCl (B2). The obtained results are compared with the previous theoretical and experimental results. A structural phase transition from B1 phase to B2 phase for Curium pnictides has been obtained. The highest transition pressure is 122 GPa for CmN and the lowest one is 10.0 GPa for CmBi compound. The electronic properties show that these materials exhibit half-metallic behavior in both phases. The magnetic moment is found to be around 7.0 [Formula: see text]B. The mechanical properties of CmX (X = N, P, As, Sb and Bi) are predicted from the calculated elastic constants. Our calculated results are in good agreement with the theoretical results in literature. The effect of pressure and temperature on the thermodynamic properties like the cell volume, bulk modulus and the specific heats C[Formula: see text] and C[Formula: see text], the entropy [Formula: see text] and the Grüneisen parameter [Formula: see text] have been foreseen at expanded pressure and temperature ranges.
Targeting Vascular Endothelial-Cadherin in Tumor-Associated Blood Vessels Promotes T-cell–Mediated Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhao Yang , Ting Ka Ka , Li Jia , Cogger Victoria C. , Chen Jinbiao , Johansson-Percival Anna , Ngiow Shin Foong , Holst Jeff , Grau Georges , Goel Shom , Muller Thorleif , Dejana Elisabetta , McCaughan Geoff , Smyth Mark J. , Ganss Ruth , Vadas Mathew A. , Gamble Jennifer R. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
T-cell infiltration of solid tumors is associated with improved prognosis and favorable responses to immunotherapy. Mechanisms that enable tumor infiltration of CD8+ T cells have not been defined, nor have drugs that assist this process been discovered. Here we address these issues with a focus on VE-cadherin, a major endothelial cell–specific junctional protein that controls vascular integrity. A decrease in VE-cadherin expression is associated with tumor pathology. We developed an oligonucleotide-based inhibitor (CD5-2), which disrupted the interaction of VE-cadherin with its regulator miR-27a, resulting in increased VE-cadherin expression. Administration of CD5-2 in tumor-bearing mice enhanced expression of VE-cadherin in tumor endothelium, activating TIE-2 and tight junction pathways and normalizing vessel structure and function. CD5-2 administration also enhanced tumor-specific T-cell infiltration and spatially redistributed CD8+ T cells within the tumor parenchyma. Finally, CD5-2 treatment enhanced the efficacy of anti-PD-1 blocking antibody. Our work establishes a role for VE-cadherin in T-cell infiltration in tumors and offers a preclinical proof of concept for CD5-2 as a therapeutic modifier of cancer immunotherapy via effects on the tumor vasculature. Cancer Res; 77(16); 4434–47. ©2017 AACR.