bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Project selection using the combined approach of AHP and LP
Authors: Parvaneh Fatemeh , El-Sayegh Sameh Monir 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– This paper aims to propose a new model for project selection using the combined approach of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and linear programming (LP). The key selection criteria for construction projects are also identified and assessed based on the perception of construction professionals.

Design/methodology/approach
– Fifteen project selection criteria are identified based on review of related literature. A questionnaire is developed and distributed among construction professionals in the United Arab Emirates to assess the importance of these criteria. The questionnaire was designed to enable pair-wise comparisons using the AHP methodology. Based on the responses of 42 professionals, the weight of each criterion was calculated using Expert Choice software. Selected criteria are then used to compare available projects. AHP is applied first to prioritize the competing projects, in line with owner strategic goals and objectives. Next, the priority ratios (weights) obtained from the AHP model are used as the coefficients of the decision variables in a LP model to allocate the available budget in an optimal way to maximize the owner’s benefit.

Findings
– Results indicate that project-specific criteria are the most important with an overall weight of 0.48. The top three criteria are profit, financial standing and risk with corresponding weights of 0.161, 0.114 and 0.1, respectively. The proposed model provided more benefit to the owner than using the traditional project selection method.

Originality/value
– There are several methods for project selection. However, the optimization techniques do not consider qualitative factors. Other techniques consider both qualitative and quantitative factors but do not consider budget limitations to optimize the selection decision. The model proposed here combines both approaches and takes into consideration unique criteria that are specific to the construction industry.
Individual processing of phishing emails
Authors: Harrison Brynne , Svetieva Elena , Vishwanath Arun 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore user susceptibility to phishing by unpacking the mechanisms that may influence individual victimization. The focus is on the characteristics of the e-mail message, users’ knowledge and experience with phishing, and the manner in which these interact and influence how users cognitively process phishing e-mails.

Design/methodology/approach
– A field experiment was conducted where 194 subjects were exposed to a real phishing attack. The experimenters manipulated the contents of the message and measures of user traits and user processing were obtained after the phishing attack.

Findings
– Of the original list of targets, 47 percent divulged their private information to a bogus form page. Phishing susceptibility was predicted by a particular combination of both low attention to the e-mail elements and high elaboration of the phishing message. The presence of a threat or reward-based phishing message did not affect these processes, nor did it affect subsequent phishing susceptibility. Finally, individual factors such as knowledge and experience with e-mail increased resilience to the phishing attack.

Research limitations/implications
– The findings are generalizable to students who are a particularly vulnerable target of phishing attacks.

Practical implications
– The results presented in this study provide pragmatic recommendations for developing user-centered interventions to thwart phishing attacks. Lastly the authors suggest more effective educational efforts to protect individuals from such online fraud.

Originality/value
– This study provides novel insight into why phishing is successful, the human factor in susceptibility to online deception as well the role of information processing in effective decision making in this context. Based on the findings, the authors dispel common misconceptions about phishing and discuss more effective educational efforts to protect individuals from such online fraud.
Who creates value in a user innovation community? A case study of MyStarbucksIdea.com
Authors: Lee Hanjun , Suh Yongmoo 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– Successful open innovation requires that many ideas be posted by a number of users and that the posted ideas be evaluated to find ideas of high quality. As such, successful open innovation community would have inherently information overload problem. The purpose of this paper is to mitigate the information problem by identifying potential idea launchers, so that they can pay attention to their ideas.Design/methodology/approach– This research choseMyStarbucksIdea.comas a target innovation community where users freely share their ideas and comments. We extracted basic features from idea, comment and user information and added further features obtained from sentiment analysis on ideas and comments. Those features are used to develop classification models to identify potential idea launchers, using data mining techniques such as artificial neural network, decision tree and Bayesian network.Findings– The results show that the number of ideas posted and the number of comments posted are the most significant among the features. And most of comment-related sentiment features found to be meaningful, while most of idea-related sentiment features are not in the prediction of idea launchers. In addition, this study show classification rules for the identification of potential idea launchers.Originality/value– This study dealt with information overload problem in an open innovation context. A large volume of textual customer contents from an innovation community were examined and classification models to mitigate the problem were proposed using sentiment analysis and data mining techniques. Experimental results show that the proposed classification models can help the firm identify potential idea launchers for its efficient business innovation.
Development of a decision support tool for sustainable renovation – a case study
Authors: Malmgren Linus , Elfborg Stefan , Mjörnell Kristina 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– Building owners are encouraged to reduce the energy consumption both in order to contribute to national energy saving goals and to reduce the costs of heating and operation of buildings. However, it is important to pursue the most optimal strategy to achieve cost-effective energy use while maintaining other values. Building managers often do not have the time or expertise to make a proper evaluation of the available options, hence there is a need for practical methodologies for evaluation of renovation alternatives. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– Renobuild, a systematic approach for evaluating renovation alternatives based on sustainability criteria are under development. It aims to compare renovation alternatives from an environmental, economic and social perspective. To verify the methodology it has been used to evaluate different renovation alternatives for a multi-family apartment building in Sweden.

Findings
– The study showed that building managers are provided with a clear comparison between different renovation alternatives from a sustainability perspective. Using Renobuild or similar methodologies may highlight renovation measures which marginally increases the investments, but can lead to significant environmental and social benefits.

Research limitations/implications
– So far the methodology has only been tested on a limited number of buildings in Sweden. More buildings will need to be tested for further verification.

Originality/value
– Not many tools or methodologies exist which address several aspects of sustainability. Renobuild is a practical methodology that can help building owners to increase focus on sustainability.
The Reluctant Analyst
Authors: BERNHARDT DAN , WAN CHI , XIAO ZHIJIE 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTWe estimate the dynamics of recommendations by financial analysts, uncovering the determinants of inertia in their recommendations. We provide overwhelming evidence that analysts revise recommendations reluctantly, introducing frictions to avoid frequent revisions. More generally, we characterize the sources underlying the infrequent revisions that analysts make. Publicly available data matter far less for explaining recommendation dynamics than do the recommendation frictions and the long‐lived information that analysts acquire but the econometrician does not observe. Estimates suggest that analysts structure recommendations strategically to generate a profitable order flow from retail traders. We provide extensive evidence that our model describes how investors believe analysts make recommendations, and that investors value private information revealed by analysts' recommendations.
Properties of Cookies Made with Natural Wax–Vegetable Oil Organogels
Authors: Hwang Hong‐Sik , Singh Mukti , Lee Suyong 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the feasibility of cookies in which the conventional margarine is replaced with an organogel of vegetable oil (VO) and natural wax. New cookies from VO organogels contain no trans fats and much less saturated fats than cookies made with a conventional margarine. To understand the effects of different kinds of waxes, organogels were prepared from 4 different waxes including sunflower wax (SW), rice bran wax (RBW), beeswax, and candelilla wax and properties of cookie dough and cookie were evaluated. To investigate the effects of different VOs on the properties of cookies, 3 VOs including olive oil, soybean oil and flaxseed oil representing oils rich in oleic acid (18:1), linoleic acid (18:2), and linolenic acid (18:3), respectively, were used. Both the wax and VO significantly affected properties of organogel such as firmness and melting behavior shown in differential scanning calorimetry. The highest firmness of organogel was observed with SW and flaxseed oil. Properties of dough such as hardness and melting behavior were also significantly affected by wax and VO while trends were somewhat different from those for organogels. SW and RBW provided greatest hardnesses to cookie dough. However, hardness, spread factor, and fracturability of cookie containing the wax–VO organogel were not significantly affected by different waxes and VOs. Several cookies made with wax–VO organogels showed similar properties to cookies made with a commercial margarine. Therefore, this study shows the high feasibility of utilization of the organogel technology in real foods such as cookies rich in unsaturated fats.
Quantitative assessment of the effect of position changes during colonoscopy withdrawal
Authors: Zhao Sheng Bing , Wan Hui , Fu Hong Yu , Liu Zhen Xiu , Wang Qing Song , Ji Lei , Li Zhao Shen , Bai Yu 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveAlthough trials assessing the effectiveness of position changes during colonoscopy withdrawal have been reported, there has been no agreement whether such position changes actually improve the polyp detection rate (PDR) or adenoma detection rate (ADR). This article aimed to address this issue by performing a systematic review.MethodsRelevant studies from databases including PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library and Science Citation Index were retrieved. Two reviewers independently identified potentially relevant studies. Outcome measures were PDR, ADR and bowel distention.ResultsEight studies were included, of which seven were randomized controlled trials (RCTs). A non‐randomized controlled trial and all four cross‐over RCTs reported significant improvement in PDR, ADR and bowel distention with position change during colonoscopic withdrawal, while three parallel‐group RCTs did not confirm its effectiveness.ConclusionsThe conflicting results of high‐quality trials indicate that the effectiveness of position change during colonoscopy withdrawal on PDR, ADR and bowel distension is uncertain. Thus, position change during colonoscopy withdrawal should not be routinely applied until future studies demonstrate its efficacy.
How reliably can we infer diversity‐dependent diversification from phylogenies?
Authors: Etienne Rampal S. , Pigot Alex L. , Phillimore Albert B. 
Published: March 2016

Summary

Slowdowns in lineage accumulation in phylogenies suggest that speciation rates decline as diversity increases. Likelihood methods have been developed to detect such diversity dependence. However, a thorough test of whether such approaches correctly infer diversity dependence is lacking.

Here, we simulate phylogenetic branching under linear negative diversity‐dependent and diversity‐independent models and estimate from the simulated phylogenies the maximum‐likelihood parameters for three different conditionings – on survival of the birth–death process given the crown age, on tree size (N) and on tree size given the crown age. We report the accuracy of recovering the simulation parameters and the reliability of the model selection based on the χ2 likelihood ratio test.

Parameter estimate accuracy: Conditioning on survival given the crown age yields a severe bias of the carrying capacity K towards N and an upward bias of the speciation rate, particularly in clades where diversity‐dependent feedbacks are still weak (N « K). Conditioning on N yields an overestimate of K and an underestimate of speciation rate, particularly when saturation has been reached. Dual conditioning yields relatively unbiased parameter estimates on average, but the deviation from the true value for any single estimate may be large.

Model selection reliability: The frequency of incorrectly rejecting a diversity‐independent model when the simulation was diversity‐independent (type I error) differs substantially from the significance level α used in the likelihood ratio test, rendering the likelihood ratio test inappropriate. The frequency of correctly rejecting the diversity‐independent model when the simulation was diversity‐dependent (power) is larger when the clade is closer to equilibrium and for conditioning on crown age.

We conclude that conditioning on crown age has the best statistical properties overall, but caution that parameter estimates may be biased. To assess parameter uncertainty in future studies of diversity dependence on real data, we recommend parametric bootstrapping, examination of the likelihood surface and comparison of estimates across the types of conditioning. To assess model selection reliability, we discourage the use of the χ2 likelihood ratio test or AIC (which are equivalent in this case), but recommend a likelihood ratio test based on parametric bootstrap. We illustrate this method for the diversification of Dendroica warblers.
Alcohol Hits You When It Is Hard: Intoxication, Task Difficulty, and Theta Brain Oscillations
Authors: Rosen Burke Q. , Padovan Nevena , Marinkovic Ksenija 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundAlcohol intoxication is known to impair decision making in a variety of situations. Previous neuroimaging evidence suggests that the neurofunctional system subserving controlled processing is especially vulnerable to alcohol in conflict‐evoking tasks. The present study investigated the effects of moderate alcohol intoxication on the spatiotemporal neural dynamics of event‐related total theta (4 to 7 Hz) power as a function of task difficulty.MethodsTwo variants of the Simon task manipulated incongruity via simple spatial stimulus‐response mismatch and, in a more difficult version, by combining spatial and semantic interference. Healthy social drinkers participated in both alcohol (0.6 g/kg ethanol for men, 0.55 g/kg for women) and placebo conditions in a counterbalanced design. Whole‐head magnetoencephalography (MEG) signals were acquired and event‐related total theta power was calculated on each trial with Morlet wavelets.MEGsources were estimated using anatomically constrained, noise‐normalized, spectral dynamic statistical parametric mapping.ResultsLonger reaction times and lower accuracy confirmed the difficulty manipulation. Response conflict (incongruity) increased and alcohol intoxication decreased event‐related theta power overall during both tasks bilaterally in the medial and ventrolateral prefrontal cortices. However, alcohol‐induced theta suppression was selective for conflict only in the more difficult task which engaged the dorsal anterior cingulate (dAC) and anterior inferolateral prefrontal cortices. Theta power correlated negatively with drinking levels and disinhibition, suggesting that cognitive control is susceptible in more impulsive individuals with higher alcohol intake.ConclusionsThe spatiotemporal theta profile across the 2 tasks supports the concept of a rostrocaudal activity gradient in the medial prefrontal cortex that is modulated by task difficulty, with thedACas the key node in the network subserving cognitive control. Conflict‐related theta power was selectively reduced by alcohol only under the more difficult task which is indicative of the alcohol‐induced impairment of conflict monitoring and top‐down regulation. Compromised executive control under alcohol may underlie a range of adverse effects including reduced competency in conflict‐inducing or complex situations.
Evidence for increased motor cortical facilitation and decreased inhibition in atypical depression
Authors: Veronezi B. P. , Moffa A. H. , Carvalho A. F. , Galhardoni R. , Simis M. , Benseñor I. M. , Lotufo P. A. , Machado‐Vieira R. , Daskalakis Z. J. , Brunoni A. R. 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a clinically heterogeneous condition. However, the role of cortical glutamate and gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor‐mediated activity, implicated in MDD pathophysiology, has not been explored in different MDD subtypes. Our aim was to assess the atypical and melancholic depression subtypes regarding potential differences in GABA and glutamate receptor‐mediated activity through established transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) neurophysiological measures from the motor cortex.MethodWe evaluated 81 subjects free of antidepressant medication, including 21 healthy controls and 20 patients with atypical, 20 with melancholic, and 20 with undifferentiated MDD. Single and paired‐pulse TMS paradigms were used to evaluate intracortical facilitation (ICF), cortical silent period (CSP), and short intracortical inhibition (SICI), which index glutamate, GABAB receptor‐, and GABAA receptor‐mediated activity respectively.ResultsPatients with MDD demonstrated significantly decreased mean CSP values than healthy controls (Cohen's d = 0.22–0.3, P < 0.01 for all comparisons). Atypical depression presented a distinct cortical excitability pattern of decreased cortical inhibition and increased cortical facilitation, that is, an increased mean ICF and SICI ratios than other depression subtypes (d = 0.22–0.33, P < 0.01 for all comparisons).ConclusionDifferent MDD subtypes may demonstrate different neurophysiology in relation to GABAA and glutamatergic activity. TMS as an investigational tool might be useful to distinguish between different MDD subtypes.
Smoking and caffeine consumption: a genetic analysis of their association
Authors: Treur Jorien L. , Taylor Amy E. , Ware Jennifer J. , Nivard Michel G. , Neale Michael C. , McMahon George , Hottenga Jouke‐Jan , Baselmans Bart M. L. , Boomsma Dorret I. , Munafò Marcus R. , Vink Jacqueline M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSmoking and caffeine consumption show a strong positive correlation, but the mechanism underlying this association is unclear. Explanations include shared genetic/environmental factors or causal effects. This study employed three methods to investigate the association between smoking and caffeine. First, bivariate genetic models were applied to data of 10 368 twins from the Netherlands Twin Register in order to estimate genetic and environmental correlations between smoking and caffeine use. Second, from the summary statistics of meta‐analyses of genome‐wide association studies on smoking and caffeine, the genetic correlation was calculated by LD‐score regression. Third, causal effects were tested using Mendelian randomization analysis in 6605 Netherlands Twin Register participants and 5714 women from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Through twin modelling, a genetic correlation of r0.47 and an environmental correlation of r0.30 were estimated between current smoking (yes/no) and coffee use (high/low). Between current smoking and total caffeine use, this was r0.44 and r0.00, respectively. LD‐score regression also indicated sizeable genetic correlations between smoking and coffee use (r0.44 between smoking heaviness and cups of coffee per day, r0.28 between smoking initiation and coffee use and r0.25 between smoking persistence and coffee use). Consistent with the relatively high genetic correlations and lower environmental correlations, Mendelian randomization provided no evidence for causal effects of smoking on caffeine or vice versa. Genetic factors thus explain most of the association between smoking and caffeine consumption. These findings suggest that quitting smoking may be more difficult for heavy caffeine consumers, given their genetic susceptibility.
Are take‐home naloxone programmes effective? Systematic review utilizing application of the Bradford Hill criteria
Authors: McDonald Rebecca , Strang John 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackground and AimsFatal outcome of opioid overdose, once detected, is preventable through timely administration of the antidote naloxone. Take‐home naloxone provision directly to opioid users for emergency use has been implemented recently in more than 15 countries worldwide, albeit mainly as pilot schemes and without formal evaluation. This systematic review assesses the effectiveness of take‐home naloxone, with two specific aims: (1) to study the impact of take‐home naloxone distribution on overdose‐related mortality; and (2) to assess the safety of take‐home naloxone in terms of adverse events.MethodsPubMed, MEDLINE and PsychINFO were searched for English‐language peer‐reviewed publications (randomized or observational trials) using the Boolean search query: (opioid OR opiate) AND overdose AND prevention. Evidence was evaluated using the nine Bradford Hill criteria for causation, devised to assess a potential causal relationship between public health interventions and clinical outcomes when only observational data are available.ResultsA total of 1397 records (1164 after removal of duplicates) were retrieved, with 22 observational studies meeting eligibility criteria. Due to variability in size and quality of the included studies, meta‐analysis was dismissed in favour of narrative synthesis. From eligible studies, we found take‐home naloxone met all nine Bradford Hill criteria. The additional five World Health Organization criteria were all either met partially (two) or fully (three). Even with take‐home naloxone administration, fatal outcome was reported in one in 123 overdose cases (0.8%; 95% confidence interval = 0.4, 1.2).ConclusionsTake‐home naloxone programmes are found to reduce overdose mortality among programme participants and in the community and have a low rate of adverse events.