bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moving media and conflict studies beyond the CNN effect
Authors: Gilboa Eytan , Jumbert Maria Gabrielsen , Miklian Jason , Robinson Piers 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAfter the ‘CNN effect’ concept was coined two decades ago, it quickly became a popular shorthand to understand media-conflict interactions. Although the connection has probably always been more complex than what was captured in the concept, research needs to be updated in order to better understand the multifaceted contemporary environments of both media and conflict. There are growing numbers and types of media sources, and multiple interactions between media and conflict actors, policymakers and engaged publics from the local to the global and back. We argue that understanding the impact of media reporting on conflict requires a new framework that captures the multilevel and hybrid media environments of contemporary conflicts. This study provides a roadmap of how to systematically unpack this environment. It describes and explains how different levels, interactions, and forms of news reporting shape conflicts and peacebuilding in local, national and regional contexts, and how international responses interact with multiple media narratives. With these tools, comprehensive understandings of contemporary local to global media interactions can be incorporated into new research on media and conflict.
Strategies to Support the Interests of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in the Commercial Development of Gourmet Bush Food Products
Authors: Lingard Kylie , Martin Paul 
Published: March 2016

Abstract:Indigenous groups and individuals may have different needs and aspirations in relation to their local plant foods (“bush foods”). Interests may reflect totemic relationships, customary rights and duties, social positions, political and economic motivations, and personal capacities. This article uses a systems method to identify strategies to support the diverse interests of Australia’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in the commercial development of gourmet bush food products. The aim is to identify possibilities for further consideration by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.
Alpine Agency: Locals, Mountaineers and Tourism in the Eastern Alps, c. 1860–1914
Authors: ANDERSON BEN 
Published: March 2016

AbstractLike other forms of tourism, the activities of Alpine visitors in the late nineteenth century have normally been understood as created by the tourists themselves. In the narratives of both contemporaries and subsequent historians, local people tend to be marginalised, at best responding to the new demands of the emerging industry. This article focusses on relations between locals and mountaineers in the Eastern Alps to demonstrate that far from being passive recipients of tourist culture, local people were instrumental in defining the forms that tourism took. They were the early pioneers of infrastructure construction, lobbied to bring urban investment to the Alps, challenged urban Alpine organisations over intervention in the landscape, and engaged in collective bargaining to secure better pay and conditions. These roles helped to define tourism in the region, but also contributed to definitions of Alpine people amongst mountaineers that increasingly relied on race and biology.
Non-deep simple morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of the rare Alpinia galanga: a first report for Zingiberaceae
Authors: Baradwaj R.G. , Rao M.V. , Baskin Carol C. , Senthil Kumar T. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractLittle information is available on seed dormancy of members of the Zingiberales and especially the Zingiberaceae. Our aim was to investigate the dormancy breaking and germination requirements of Alpinia galanga in vitro with a minimum number of seeds, using the move-along experiment. The mass of imbibed seeds increased by 17.5% in 1 d, showing that seeds were water permeable. The best germination in the move-along experiment (86.7%) was obtained when seeds were exposed to the sequence of temperature regimes that began with winter (20/10°C), and seeds began to germinate after 6 weeks at this temperature regime. Seeds dry stored for 4 months and then incubated at the sequence of temperature regimes that began with summer (30/20°C) started germinating in the sixth week at this temperature regime and had germinated to 93.3% after 18 weeks. Seeds kept dry for 4 months and then treated with 50 mg l−1 gibberellic acid (GA3) began to germinate at 30/20°C after 2 weeks. Control seeds incubated continuously at 20/10, 25/15 or 30/20°C germinated to 80.6, 77.8 and 60.0%, respectively. When incubated at 15, 20, 25 or 30°C, the ideal temperature for embryo growth was 20°C. Since GA3 and dry storage can break non-deep physiological dormancy and embryos grew during warm stratification, seeds of A. galanga have non-deep simple morphophysiological dormancy (MPD). This is the first report of non-deep simple MPD in the Zingiberaceae.
Evaluation of wheat landraces of north-western Himalaya against rice weevil,Sitophilus oryzaeL. vis-à-vis physical seed parameters
Authors: Tripathi Kuldeep , Chauhan S. K. , Gore P. G. , Mehta P. S. , Bisht I. S. , Bhalla S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe north-western Himalaya is one of the rich repositories of wheat genetic resources because of the preponderance of locally developed traditional crop varieties owing to high agro-climatic heterogeneity and local socio-cultural diversity. In the present study, 100 wheat landraces of this diversity rich region were evaluated for variability in physical parameters of seed to understand the basis of resistance against rice weevil,Sitophilus oryzae. The evaluation was based on the parameter of growth index (GI) ofS. oryzaein different landraces. GI was correlated with different quantitative physical seed parameters, viz. hardness, length, width, length × width, test weight and qualitative parameter seed colour were studied to work out if these were related to resistance/susceptibility. Based on the parameter of GI, the six landraces viz. IC266831, IC266872, IC393109, IC392578, IC444217 and IC589276 were identified as resistant. Correlation coefficients between GI ofS. oryzaeand physical parameters of wheat landraces indicated that GI had significant positive relation with length × width (r= +0.573) and test weight (r= +0.549) indicated that small seeds confer resistance toS. oryzae.Also significant negative relation (r= −0.457) with GI ofS. oryzaeand seed hardness, indicated that hard seeds were relatively more resistant toS. oryzae.
Startle Modification and P50 Gating in Schizophrenia Patients and Controls: Russian Population
Authors: Storozheva Zinaida I. , Kirenskaya Anna.V. , Novototsky-Vlasov Vladimir Y. , Telesheva Klavdia Y. , Pletnikov Mikhail 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPrepulse modification of the acoustic startle response (ASR) and P50 gating are potential neurophysiological endophenotypes of schizophrenia and may be used in the construction of valid clinical biomarkers. Such approach requires a large amount of data obtained in the representative samples from different gender, socio-typological and ethnic groups, replicating studies using the similar protocols and meta-analyses. This is a replication study of ASR and the first study of P50 suppression in Russian patients with schizophrenia (n= 28) and healthy controls (n= 25). ASR and P50 were estimated according to standard protocols. Patients exhibited increased baseline ASR latency (d= 0.35,p= .026) and reduced prepulse inhibition (PPI) at 60 ms interval (d= 0.39,p= .003) and 120 ms interval (d= 0.37,p= .005) relative to controls. In the P50 test patients displayed greater S2 response amplitude (d= 0.24,p= .036) and deficit of P50 suppression (d= 0.43,p= .001). No correlations of PPI and P50 suppression were found in both groups. Only in controls prepulse ASR facilitation (at 2500 ms interval) positively correlated with P50 suppression (r= –.514,p= .013). In patients PPI displayed significant correlations with Difficulty in abstract thinking (N5:r= –.49,p= .005) and Hallucination (P3:r= .40,p= .036) PANSS scales. Logistic regression showed that the combination of PPI and P50 suppression could serve as a diagnostic predictor. Obtained results demonstrated that both PPI and P50 could be regarded as potential schizophrenia biomarkers in Russian population.
Characterization of the STK11 splicing variant as a normal splicing isomer in a patient with Peutz–Jeghers syndrome harboring genomic deletion of the STK11 gene
Authors: Masuda Kenta , Kobayashi Yusuke , Kimura Tokuhiro , Umene Kiyoko , Misu Kumiko , Nomura Hiroyuki , Hirasawa Akira , Banno Kouji , Kosaki Kenjiro , Aoki Daisuke , Sugano Kokichi 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe report a STK11 splicing variant comprising a 131-bp insertion that is derived from intron 1, which has previously been reported to possess potent pathogenicity. The same variant was detected in a Peutz–Jeghers syndrome patient harboring a genomic deletion in the vicinity of exon 1 of the STK11 gene, which indicated that this variant was derived from the wild-type allele. We also found the same variant in other normal subjects. This variant corresponds to the predicted transcript variant of STK11 (XM_011528209), which is derived from the genomic sequence of Chr19 (NT_011295.12). Therefore, we concluded that the splicing variant was not pathogenic.
A novel PAX3 mutation in a Japanese boy with Waardenburg syndrome type 1
Authors: Yoshida Yu , Doi Rieko , Adachi Kaori , Nanba Eiji , Kodani Isamu , Ryoke Kazuo 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWaardenburg syndrome type 1 (WS1) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by hair hypopigmentation, abnormal iris pigmentation, and congenital hearing loss. WS1 is caused by mutations in paired box gene 3 (PAX3). We identified a novel PAX3 mutation (c.1107 C>G, p.Ser369Arg) in a Japanese WS1 patient showing abnormal right iris pigmentation, right-sided congenital hearing loss, synophrys, incomplete left cleft lip, and cryptorchidism.
EAF2 mediates germinal centre B-cell apoptosis to suppress excessive immune responses and prevent autoimmunity
Authors: Li Yingqian , Takahashi Yoshimasa , Fujii Shin-ichiro , Zhou Yang , Hong Rongjian , Suzuki Akari , Tsubata Takeshi , Hase Koji , Wang Ji-Yang 
Published: March 2016

AbstractRegulated apoptosis of germinal centre (GC) B cells is critical for normal humoral immune responses. ELL-associated factor 2 (EAF2) regulates transcription elongation and has been shown to be an androgen-responsive potential tumour suppressor in prostate by inducing apoptosis. Here we show that EAF2 is selectively upregulated in GC B cells among various immune cell types and promotes apoptosis of GC B cells both in vitro and in vivo. EAF2 deficiency results in enlarged GCs and elevated antibody production during a T-dependent immune response. After immunization with type II collagen, mice lacking EAF2 produce high levels of collagen-specific autoantibodies and rapidly develop severe arthritis. Moreover, the mutant mice spontaneously produce anti-dsDNA, rheumatoid factor and anti-nuclear antibodies as they age. These results demonstrate that EAF2-mediated apoptosis in GC B cells limits excessive humoral immune responses and is important for maintaining self-tolerance.
Bacteria differently deploy type-IV pili on surfaces to adapt to nutrient availability
Authors: Ni Lei , Yang Shuai , Zhang Rongrong , Jin Zhenyu , Chen Hao , Conrad Jacinta C , Jin Fan 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe structure of bacterial biofilms depends on environmental conditions, such as availability of nutrients, during biofilm formation. In turn, variations in biofilm structure in part reflect differences in bacterial motility during early biofilm formation. Pseudomonas aeruginosa deprived of nutrients remain dispersed on a surface, whereas cells supplemented with additional nutrients cluster and form microcolonies. At the single-cell scale, how bacteria modify their motility to favour distinct life cycle outcomes remains poorly understood. High-throughput algorithms were used to track thousands of P. aeruginosa moving using type-IV pili (TFP) on surfaces in varying nutrient conditions and hence identify four distinct motility types. A minimal stochastic model was used to reproduce the TFP-driven motility types. We report that P. aeruginosa cells differently deploy TFP to alter the distribution of motility types under different nutrient conditions. Bacteria preferentially crawl unidirectionally under nutrient-limited conditions, but preferentially stall under nutrient-supplemented conditions. Motility types correlate with subcellular localisation of FimX, a protein required for TFP assembly and implicated in environmental response. The subcellular distribution of FimX is asymmetric for unidirectional crawling, consistent with TFP assembled primarily at the leading pole, whereas for non-translational types FimX expression is symmetric or non-existent. These results are consistent with a minimal stochastic model that reproduces the motility types from the subcellular average concentration and asymmetry of FimX. These findings reveal that P. aeruginosa deploy TFP symmetrically or asymmetrically to modulate motility behaviours in different nutrient conditions and thereby form biofilms only where nutrients are sufficient, which greatly enhances their competitive capacity in diverse environments.
Maximum-Entropy Inference with a Programmable Annealer
Authors: Chancellor Nicholas , Szoke Szilard , Vinci Walter , Aeppli Gabriel , Warburton Paul A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractOptimisation problems typically involve finding the ground state (i.e. the minimum energy configuration) of a cost function with respect to many variables. If the variables are corrupted by noise then this maximises the likelihood that the solution is correct. The maximum entropy solution on the other hand takes the form of a Boltzmann distribution over the ground and excited states of the cost function to correct for noise. Here we use a programmable annealer for the information decoding problem which we simulate as a random Ising model in a field. We show experimentally that finite temperature maximum entropy decoding can give slightly better bit-error-rates than the maximum likelihood approach, confirming that useful information can be extracted from the excited states of the annealer. Furthermore we introduce a bit-by-bit analytical method which is agnostic to the specific application and use it to show that the annealer samples from a highly Boltzmann-like distribution. Machines of this kind are therefore candidates for use in a variety of machine learning applications which exploit maximum entropy inference, including language processing and image recognition.
Integrated Molecular Profiling of Human Gastric Cancer Identifies DDR2 as a Potential Regulator of Peritoneal Dissemination
Authors: Kurashige Junji , Hasegawa Takanori , Niida Atsushi , Sugimachi Keishi , Deng Niantao , Mima Kosuke , Uchi Ryutaro , Sawada Genta , Takahashi Yusuke , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Inomata Masashi , Kitano Seigo , Fukagawa Takeo , Sasako Mitsuru , Sasaki Hiroki , Sasaki Shin , Mori Masaki , Yanagihara Kazuyoshi , Baba Hideo , Miyano Satoru , Tan Patrick , Mimori Koshi 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPeritoneal dissemination is the most frequent, incurable metastasis occurring in patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC). However, molecular mechanisms driving peritoneal dissemination still remain poorly understood. Here, we aimed to provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms that drive the peritoneal dissemination of GC. We performed combined expression analysis with in vivo-selected metastatic cell lines and samples from 200 GC patients to identify driver genes of peritoneal dissemination. The driver-gene functions associated with GC dissemination were examined using a mouse xenograft model. We identified a peritoneal dissemination-associated expression signature, whose profile correlated with those of genes related to development, focal adhesion and the extracellular matrix. Among the genes comprising the expression signature, we identified that discoidin-domain receptor 2 (DDR2) as a potential regulator of peritoneal dissemination. The DDR2 was upregulated by the loss of DNA methylation and that DDR2 knockdown reduced peritoneal metastasis in a xenograft model. Dasatinib, an inhibitor of the DDR2 signaling pathway, effectively suppressed peritoneal dissemination. DDR2 was identified as a driver gene for GC dissemination from the combined expression signature and can potentially serve as a novel therapeutic target for inhibiting GC peritoneal dissemination.
Stable room-temperature ferromagnetic phase at the FeRh(100) surface
Authors: Pressacco Federico , Uhlίř Vojtěch , Gatti Matteo , Bendounan Azzedine , Fullerton Eric E. , Sirotti Fausto 
Published: March 2016

AbstractInterfaces and low dimensionality are sources of strong modifications of electronic, structural, and magnetic properties of materials. FeRh alloys are an excellent example because of the first-order phase transition taking place at ~400 K from an antiferromagnetic phase at room temperature to a high temperature ferromagnetic one. It is accompanied by a resistance change and volume expansion of about 1%. We have investigated the electronic and magnetic properties of FeRh(100) epitaxially grown on MgO by combining spectroscopies characterized by different probing depths, namely X-ray magnetic circular dichroism and photoelectron spectroscopy. We find that the symmetry breaking induced at the Rh-terminated surface stabilizes a surface ferromagnetic layer involving five planes of Fe and Rh atoms in the nominally antiferromagnetic phase at room temperature. First-principles calculations provide a microscopic description of the structural relaxation and the electron spin-density distribution that support the experimental findings.
Effect of weak measurement on entanglement distribution over noisy channels
Authors: Wang Xin-Wen , Yu Sixia , Zhang Deng-Yu , Oh C. H. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBeing able to implement effective entanglement distribution in noisy environments is a key step towards practical quantum communication and long-term efforts have been made on the development of it. Recently, it has been found that the null-result weak measurement (NRWM) can be used to enhance probabilistically the entanglement of a single copy of amplitude-damped entangled state. This paper investigates remote distributions of bipartite and multipartite entangled states in the amplitudedamping environment by combining NRWMs and entanglement distillation protocols (EDPs). We show that the NRWM has no positive effect on the distribution of bipartite maximally entangled states and multipartite Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states, although it is able to increase the amount of entanglement of each source state (noisy entangled state) of EDPs with a certain probability. However, we find that the NRWM would contribute to remote distributions of multipartite W states. We demonstrate that the NRWM can not only reduce the fidelity thresholds for distillability of decohered W states, but also raise the distillation efficiencies of W states. Our results suggest a new idea for quantifying the ability of a local filtering operation in protecting entanglement from decoherence.
De novo transcriptome assembly and comprehensive expression profiling in Crocus sativus to gain insights into apocarotenoid biosynthesis
Authors: Jain Mukesh , Srivastava Prabhakar Lal , Verma Mohit , Ghangal Rajesh , Garg Rohini 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSaffron (Crocus sativus L.) is commonly known as world’s most expensive spice with rich source of apocarotenoids and possesses magnificent medicinal properties. To understand the molecular basis of apocarotenoid biosynthesis/accumulation, we performed transcriptome sequencing from five different tissues/organs of C. sativus using Illumina platform. After comprehensive optimization of de novo transcriptome assembly, a total of 105, 269 unique transcripts (average length of 1047 bp and N50 length of 1404 bp) were obtained from 206 million high-quality paired-end reads. Functional annotation led to the identification of many genes involved in various biological processes and molecular functions. In total, 54% of C. sativus transcripts could be functionally annotated using public databases. Transcriptome analysis of C. sativus revealed the presence of 16721 SSRs and 3819 transcription factor encoding transcripts. Differential expression analysis revealed preferential/specific expression of many transcripts involved in apocarotenoid biosynthesis in stigma. We have revealed the differential expression of transcripts encoding for transcription factors (MYB, MYB related, WRKY, C2C2-YABBY and bHLH) involved in secondary metabolism. Overall, these results will pave the way for understanding the molecular basis of apocarotenoid biosynthesis and other aspects of stigma development in C. sativus.
Stimulation of translation by human Unr requires cold shock domains 2 and 4, and correlates with poly(A) binding protein interaction
Authors: Ray Swagat , Anderson Emma C. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe RNA binding protein Unr, which contains five cold shock domains, has several specific roles in post-transcriptional control of gene expression. It can act as an activator or inhibitor of translation initiation, promote mRNA turnover, or stabilise mRNA. Its role depends on the mRNA and other proteins to which it binds, which includes cytoplasmic poly(A) binding protein 1 (PABP1). Since PABP1 binds to all polyadenylated mRNAs, and is involved in translation initiation by interaction with eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G (eIF4G), we investigated whether Unr has a general role in translational control. We found that Unr strongly stimulates translation in vitro, and mutation of cold shock domains 2 or 4 inhibited its translation activity. The ability of Unr and its mutants to stimulate translation correlated with its ability to bind RNA, and to interact with PABP1. We found that Unr stimulated the binding of PABP1 to mRNA, and that Unr was required for the stable interaction of PABP1 and eIF4G in cells. siRNA-mediated knockdown of Unr reduced the overall level of cellular translation in cells, as well as that of cap-dependent and IRES-dependent reporters. These data describe a novel role for Unr in regulating cellular gene expression.
4C-seq revealed long-range interactions of a functional enhancer at the 8q24 prostate cancer risk locus
Authors: Cai Mingyang , Kim Sewoon , Wang Kai , Farnham Peggy J. , Coetzee Gerhard A. , Lu Wange 
Published: March 2016

AbstractGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified >100 independent susceptibility loci for prostate cancer, including the hot spot at 8q24. However, how genetic variants at this locus confer disease risk hasn’t been fully characterized. Using circularized chromosome conformation capture (4C) coupled with next-generation sequencing and an enhancer at 8q24 as “bait”, we identified genome-wide partners interacting with this enhancer in cell lines LNCaP and C4-2B. These 4C-identified regions are distributed in open nuclear compartments, featuring active histone marks (H3K4me1, H3K4me2 and H3K27Ac). Transcription factors NKX3-1, FOXA1 and AR (androgen receptor) tend to occupy these 4C regions. We identified genes located at the interacting regions, and found them linked to positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation in LNCaP and C4-2B, and several pathways (TGF beta signaling pathway in LNCaP and p53 pathway in C4-2B). Common genes (e.g.MYCandPOU5F1B) were identified in both prostate cancer cell lines. However, each cell line also had exclusive genes (e.g.ELAC2andPTENin LNCaP andBRCA2andZFHX3in C4-2B). In addition,BCL-2identified in C4-2B might contribute to the progression of androgen-refractory prostate cancer. Overall, our work reveals key genes and pathways involved in prostate cancer onset and progression.