bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion Associated with Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Seo Yuri , Kim Min , Kim Jin Hyoung , Park Jae Jun , Lee Sung Chul 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To report a case of central retinal vein occlusion without macular edema associated with ulcerative colitis and its novel treatment with intravitreal dexamethasone.

Case Report
A 40-year-old man with ulcerative colitis presented with sudden visual disturbances. An initial fundus examination showed subtle yellow-to-white patches within the inner retina of the right eye superotemporal to the fovea. There were intraretinal hemorrhages and cotton-wool spots within the superior vascular arcade and nasal to the optic disc. Despite initiation of systemic corticosteroids, 2 weeks later there was an increase in retinal hemorrhages, formation of cotton wool spots, and development of optic disc swelling in the right eye. The patient was eventually diagnosed with nonischemic central retinal vein occlusion associated with ulcerative colitis. He received sustained-release intravitreal dexamethasone, which led to the resolution of retinal hemorrhage, optic disc swelling, and cotton-wool spots. Three months after the injection, retinal hemorrhages were not detectable. However, ocular coherence imaging showed marked thinning of the inner retina at the locations that were previously hyper-reflective.

Conclusions
Central retinal vein occlusion is an uncommon ophthalmologic manifestation associated with ulcerative colitis. Injection of intravitreal dexamethasone could be a viable treatment option in these patients even without the presence of macular edema.
Inferior Turbinate Hypertrophy in Rhinoplasty: Systematic Review of Surgical Techniques
Authors: Sinno Sammy , Mehta Karan , Lee Z-Hye , Kidwai Sarah , Saadeh Pierre B. , Lee Michael R. 
Published: August 2016

Background:
Inferior turbinate hypertrophy is often encountered by plastic surgeons who perform rhinoplasty. Many treatment options are available to treat the inferior turbinate. The objective of this study was to systematically review outcomes of available techniques and provide guidance to surgical turbinate management.

Methods:
A MEDLINE search was performed for means of treating inferior turbinate hypertrophy. Studies selected focused on treatment of the inferior turbinate in isolation and excluding patients with refractory allergic rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis, or hypertrophic rhinitis.

Results:
Fifty-eight articles were identified, collectively including the following surgical treatments of inferior turbinate hypertrophy: total turbinectomy, partial turbinectomy, submucosal resection, laser surgery, cryotherapy, electrocautery, radiofrequency ablation, and turbinate outfracture. Outcomes and complications were collected from all studies. Procedures such as turbinectomy (partial/total) and submucosal resection showed crusting and epistaxis at comparatively higher rates, whereas more conservative treatments such as cryotherapy and submucous diathermy failed to provide long-term results. Submucosal resection and radiofrequency ablation were shown to decrease nasal resistance and preserve mucosal function. No literature exists to support the belief that turbinate outfracture alone is an effective treatment for turbinate hypertrophy.

Conclusions:
Treatment of inferior turbinate hypertrophy is best accomplished with modalities that provide long-lasting results, preservation of turbinate function, and low complication rates. Submucosal resection and radiofrequency ablation appear to best fulfill these criteria. Turbinate outfracture should only be considered in combination with tissue-reduction procedures.
Predictors of Patient Satisfaction with Hand Function after Fasciectomy for Dupuytren’s Contracture
Authors: Zhou Chao , Hovius Steven E. R. , Slijper Harm P. , Zuidam Michiel J. , Smit Xander , Feitz Reinier , Selles Ruud W. 
Published: August 2016

Background:
This study examined patient satisfaction with hand function after fasciectomy for Dupuytren’s contracture and determined which preoperative patient- and disease-specific factors predicted this satisfaction.

Methods:
Demographics and disease-specific factors were assessed from a prospective cohort of 194 patients who completed the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire preoperatively and underwent limited fasciectomy between 2011 and 2014 at six hand surgery practice sites. To evaluate satisfaction with hand function, patients were asked to complete the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire during the first year after fasciectomy. After patients were classified into a satisfied and an unsatisfied category using the question that specifically pertains to satisfaction with hand function, the authors applied multivariate logistic regression modeling to identify independent predictors of patient satisfaction.

Results:
At an average of 10 months (range, 6 to 12 months) after fasciectomy, 84 percent (n = 163) of the patients were satisfied with their hand function. In multivariate analyses adjusting for the degree of postoperative residual contracture (p < 0.001) and complications (p < 0.001), a higher preoperative Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire hand appearance subscore and male gender predicted a higher likelihood of becoming satisfied after fasciectomy. Other patient- and disease-specific factors did not show evidence for an association with patient satisfaction.

Conclusions:
The findings of this study suggest that providers should consider assessing concerns about the appearance of the hand in patients with Dupuytren’s contracture. They also highlight the importance of complication prevention and full contracture correction from the patient’s perspective.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Risk, III.
Evaluating the Rule of 10s in Cleft Lip Repair: Do Data Support Dogma?
Authors: Chow Ian , Purnell Chad A. , Hanwright Philip J. , Gosain Arun K. 
Published: August 2016

Background:Cleft lip represents one of the most common birth defects in the world. Although the timing of cleft lip repair is contingent on a number of factors, the “rule of 10s” remains a frequently quoted safety benchmark. Initially reported by Wilhelmsen and Musgrave in 1966 and modified by Millard in 1976, this rule referred to performing surgery once patients had reached cutoffs in weight, hemoglobin, and age/leukocyte count. Despite significant advances in both surgical and anesthetic technique, the oft-quoted “rule of 10s” has not been systematically investigated since its inception.Methods:Patients who underwent primary cleft lip repair were identified from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Pediatric database. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine the independent effect of each rule of 10 metric or violation of the rule of 10s as a whole on postoperative complications, and to determine independent risk factors for complications in cleft lip surgery.Results:One thousand three hundred thirteen patients met inclusion criteria, with a 3.6 percent complication rate. Of the included patients, 151 (11.5 percent) violated at least one facet of the rule of 10s. Other than patient weight, neither the rule of 10s nor any individual metric was significantly predictive of postoperative complications.Conclusions:Since its introduction nearly a half century ago, the risks associated with performing surgery in patients who violate the rule of 10s has undergone dramatic reductions. This analysis highlights the need to continually validate and evaluate dogma as the field continues to advance.CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:Risk, III.
Skin-Sparing Débridement for Necrotizing Fasciitis in Children
Authors: Rüfenacht Magali S. , Montaruli Ernesto , Chappuis Eléonore , Posfay-Barbe Klara M. , La Scala Giorgio C. 
Published: August 2016

Background:
Necrotizing fasciitis is a serious soft-tissue infection associated with sepsis and tissue destruction. Surgical management usually requires extensive débridement of necrotic fascia and overlying skin, with significant aesthetic and functional consequences. The authors review the outcome of all recent cases of necrotizing fasciitis treated with skin-sparing débridement at their institution.

Methods:
The authors conducted a retrospective review of all of their cases of necrotizing fasciitis treated with skin-sparing débridement. Medical records were evaluated with a standard form gathering relevant demographic and clinical data. All cases were confirmed as necrotizing fasciitis histologically.

Results:
Ten patients were admitted with a diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis. The median age of the patients was 4.9 years (range, 1.7 to 15.1 years). The majority of initial lesions were caused by chickenpox, mostly on the trunk. Interval from admission to surgery was 6 hours (range, 1 to 27.5 hours), with a median hospital stay of 11 days (range, 5 to 43 days). Median fasciectomy was 2.5 percent (range, 1 to 15 percent) of total body surface area, with a median skin excision of 0.25 percent of total body surface area (range, 0.1 to 3 percent). All patients received intravenous amoxicillin/clavulanic acid plus clindamycin. Delayed direct closure was possible for all patients. Median follow-up was 17 months (range, 3 to 79 months). There was no death in this series.

Conclusion:
This surgical management restricts skin excision to the area of definite skin necrosis, limiting skin excision to one-tenth of excised fascia, with long-term favorable cosmetic and functional results.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Revenue Generation and Plastic Surgery Training Programs: 1-Year Evaluation of a Plastic Surgery Consultation Service
Authors: Drolet Brian C. , Tandon Vickram J. , Sargent Rachel , Loor Kamaris , Schmidt Scott T. , Liu Paul Y. 
Published: August 2016

Background:
In academic institutions, residents make substantial contributions to clinical productivity. However, billing cannot be generated unless there is direct attending physician supervision of these services. The purpose of this study was to quantify clinical services provided by residents at a large academic medical center.

Methods:
The authors performed a review of all consultations to the plastic surgery service between January 1 and December 31, 2014. Documentation was reviewed and hypothetical billing for services was generated using American Medical Association Current Procedural Terminology and evaluation and management codes.

Results:
A total of 2367 consultations were reviewed during the 1-year study period. Residents provided services under indirect supervision for the majority of consultations [n = 1940 (81.9 percent)]. If these services had been billed, evaluation and management would have resulted in 6970 physician work relative value units. More than half of the encounters (52.0 percent) involved at least one procedure, resulting in an additional 3316 work relative value units from 1339 Current Procedural Terminology codes. Using a conservative estimate (2014 Medicare reimbursement rates), charges from these services would total $368,496.

Conclusions:
The plastic surgery consultation service is a potential source of uncaptured revenue for training programs using indirect supervision of residents. Greater than 10,000 work relative value units could have been generated from resident clinical services, which is considerably more than the national average productivity of a full-time, academic plastic surgeon. Capturing a portion of this revenue stream could improve the fiscal balance of training programs and improve the cost-effective use of resident productivity.
The Telemark Breast Score: A Reliable Method for the Evaluation of Results after Breast Surgery
Authors: Begic Anadi , Stark Birgit 
Published: August 2016

Background:
Validated instruments for assessing results after breast surgery are sparse. The authors present here a method used for the past 10 years at their institution for evaluation of outcome after breast-conserving surgery and microsurgical breast reconstruction.

Methods:
The Telemark Breast Score is a method based on standard two-dimensional photographs assessing the outcome after breast surgery in terms of volume, shape, and symmetry. Three panels comprising two plastic surgeons, two breast surgeons, and two nurses tested the Telemark Breast Score on 346 patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery for cancer and 31 other patients who underwent deep inferior epigastric perforator flap reconstruction. All patients were assessed at least 1 year after their operation. Consistency of agreement between and within the panels was studied.

Results:
Interobserver and intraobserver reliability was good after consensus discussion. Good rating stability was shown using test-retest measurements.

Conclusion:
The Telemark Breast Score is an inexpensive, statistically reliable method and can be applied for quality control after breast surgery.

CLINCAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Closing the loop: tracking and perturbing behaviour of individuals in a group in real-time
Authors: Rasch Malte J. , Shi Aobo , Ji Zilong 
Published: August 2016

AbstractQuantitative description and selective perturbation of individual animals in a social group is prerequisite for understanding complex social behaviors. Tracking behavioral patterns of individuals in groups is an active research field, however, reliable software tools for long-term or real-time tracking are still scarce. We developed a new open-source platform, calledxyTracker, for online tracking and recognition of individual animals in groups. Featuring a convenient Matlab-based interface and a fast multi-threading C++ core, we achieved an > 30× speed-up over a popular existing tracking method without loss in accuracy. Moreover, since memory usage is low, many hours of high-resolution video files can be tracked in reasonable time, making long-term observation of behavior possible. In a number of exemplary experiments on zebra fish, we show the feasibility of long-term observations and how to use the software to perform closed-loop experiments, where the tracked position of individuals is fed-back in real-time to a stimulus presentation screen installed below the fish-tank. Visual stimulation capabilities is incorporated intoxyTrackerand can be based on any behavioral features of all members of the group, such as, collective location, speed, or direction of movement, making interesting closed-loop experiments for investigating group behavior in a virtual reality setting possible.
Identification ofKlebsiellacapsule synthesis loci from whole genome data
Authors: Wyres Kelly L. , Wick Ryan R. , Gorrie Claire , Jenney Adam , Follador Rainer , Thomson Nicholas R. , Holt Kathryn E. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundKlebsiella pneumoniaeand close relatives are a growing cause of healthcare-associated infections for which increasing rates of multi-drug resistance are a major concern. TheKlebsiellapolysaccharide capsule is a major virulence determinant and epidemiological marker. However, little is known about capsule epidemiology since serological typing is not widely accessible, and many isolates are serologically non-typeable. Molecular methods for capsular typing are needed, but existing methods lack sensitivity and specificity and fail to take advantage of the information available in whole-genome sequence data, which is increasingly being generated for surveillance and investigation ofKlebsiella.MethodsWe investigated the diversity of capsule synthesis loci (K loci) among a large, diverse collection of 2503 genome sequences ofK. pneumoniaeand closely related species. We incorporated analyses of both full-length K locus DNA sequences and clustered protein coding sequences to identify, annotate and compare K locus structures, and we propose a novel method for identifying K loci based on full locus information extracted from whole genome sequences.ResultsA total of 134 distinct K loci were identified, including 31 novel types. Comparative analysis of K locus gene content detected 508 unique protein coding gene clusters that appear to reassort via homologous recombination, generating novel K locus types. Extensive nucleotide diversity was detected among thewziandwzcgenes, both within and between K loci, indicating that current typing schemes based on these genes are inadequate. As a solution, we introduceKaptive, a novel software tool that automates the process of identifying K loci from large sets ofKlebsiellagenomes based on full locus information.ConclusionsThis work highlights the extensive diversity ofKlebsiellaK loci and the proteins that they encode. We propose a standardised K locus nomenclature forKlebsiella, present a curated reference database of all known K loci, and introduce a tool for identifying K loci from genome data (https://github.com/katholt/Kaptive). These developments constitute important new resources for theKlebsiellacommunity for use in genomic surveillance and epidemiology.
Can on-the-job training stabilize employment among rural migrant workers?
Authors: Jiang Jinqi , Zhang Guangsheng , Qi Diming , Zhou Mi 
Published: August 2016

PurposeWhether training contributes to stabilizing employment among rural migrant workers in cities remains unclear. Based on this gap in the research, the purpose of this paper is to examine how on-the-job training affects rural migrant workers’ job mobility in China.Design/methodology/approachBy using randomly sampled survey data on migrant workers in Liaoning province in 2014, the authors applied a logistic model and survival analysis to explore the effect of on-the-job training on migrant workers’ job turnover and understand workers’ job change behaviour after receiving on-the-job training.FindingsThe results showed that job training provided by employers can significantly reduce migrant workers’ turnover by increasing specific human capital. By contrast, training provided by the government or migrant workers themselves focuses on increasing general human capital and thus fails to reduce job turnover. Moreover, further discussion revealed that, in the trained group, those people with a short tenure and low wage in the first job, people without any skills before migration, male migrant workers, and people that work in medium-sized and large cities have a higher probability of changing jobs. These findings suggest that to tackle the high rate of job mobility among rural migrant workers, firms should entice this labour to train by adjusting their internal training mechanisms, and local governments should subsidize firms that provide on-the-job training for rural migrant workers to help share the costs and risks of training. Moreover, for sake of reducing job changing among those trained workers, firms even should take actions to protect their labour rights of migrant workers and to ensure that they receive equal treatment to their urban counterparts.Originality/valueThis paper makes three contributions to the field of job mobility in China. First, it explores the mechanism between on-the-job training and rural migrant workers’ job mobility. Second, it empirically analyses the effect of on-the-job training on migrant workers’ job mobility as well as the different effects of general and specific training. Lastly, its results have important policy implications for the employment stability of rural migrant workers.
Alternative approaches to treat respondent uncertainty in contingent willingness to pay estimation
Authors: Wang Jia , Ge Jiaoju 
Published: August 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to theoretically using two new models to analyze the effect of respondents’ uncertainty about their stated willingness to pay (WTP) on welfare estimates in the contingent valuation method (CVM) theoretically using two new models, and empirically to reveal consumers’ WTP to improve drinking water supply safety (WSS) in China.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, two alternative preference uncertainty treatment approaches are proposed to estimate consumers’ WTP theoretically and they are applied to China’s WSS improvement program from a payment card method, which depends on how consumers’ certainty level about their valuation is. Furthermore, four regression models are presented to investigate the determinants of consumers’ WTP.FindingsTheoretically, the alternative approaches that proposed in this research can remove overestimation bias from traditional CVM method but with lower estimation efficiency. In addition, the empirical results of the uncertainty adjusted models show that the expected WTP to improve drinking WSS is from 0.55 to 0.56 Renminbi yuan/ton, which are lower than the estimates from the conventional standard CVM models. Consumers’ preferences for their concerns about WSS, attitudes toward WSS improvement programs, trusts in implement authorities and their knowledge of WSS have significant effects on the WTP for improving drinking WSS and on respondents’ uncertainty too.Originality/valueTheoretically to the authors’ knowledge, it is the first attempt to compare alternative approaches to treat respondent uncertainty using numerical certainty scale combined with payment card format valuation questions in CVM. Empirically it is the first study at this large scale that investigates consumers’ WTP for improving drinking WSS incorporating with respondent uncertainty in China. In addition, to assess consumer preferences for improved drinking water safety and the sources of uncertainty, information on consumers’ attitudes toward WSS are considered at the first time.
Towards full digital inclusion: the ENTELIS manifesto against the digital divide
Authors: Mavrou Katerina , Hoogerwerf Evert-Jan 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present the work of the European Network for Technology Enhanced Learning in an Inclusive Society project, which addresses the challenges of the digital divide for people with disabilities of all ages.

Design/methodology/approach
The project employs a number of activities and approaches which involve people with disabilities and other stakeholders, in order collect scientific knowledge, views, suggestions and experiences that will help in bridging the digital divide. These include literature review and qualitative methodologies of data collection, such as interviews with stakeholders, focus groups and living labs.

Findings
The benefits of (assistive) technology in the lives of people with disabilities are highly appreciated. However, a number of barriers, including lack of digital skills are identified. Thus the development of (assistive) technology competencies programmes is suggested. In addition, there is evidence of the need to further involve all stakeholders and increase awareness.

Social implications
The most important implication of the project is the production of the manifesto against the digital divide. With this document the project consortium justifies for action on raising awareness regarding the rights of persons with disabilities of all ages to be digitally included.

Originality/value
The value of the project lies upon the publication of the manifesto against the digital divide, which has already been endorsed by a number of organisations in Europe and elsewhere, with the aspiration of influencing policy makers and practitioners to collaborate in order to bridge the digital divide.