bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teaching from The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks: Student perspectives on health disparities and medical ethics
Authors: Dimaano Christian , Spigner Clarence 
Published: September 2016

Objective: The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks by Rebecca Skloot is an award-winning biography engaging its readers on important topics ranging from race, science and ethics to the social determinants of health. However, the multiple pedagogic impacts of this book on the public health classroom setting have yet to be comprehensively explored. Method: A qualitative, pre/post-test study design assessed the perceptions of 17 Master’s of Public Health students on topics of health disparities and medical ethics. A total of 14 students were assigned to an intervention (book-based seminar course; Cohort A) and 3 students acted as the non-intervention group (Cohort B) over a study period of 10 weeks. Results: A thematic analysis uncovered more profound changes in the perceptions of the intervention group. All students were aware of health disparities over the course of the 10-week class; however, significant traction was gained on more complex issues linked to the social determinants of health. Specifically, students in the intervention group showed deeper perceptions about health inequalities with a particular focus on racial disparities. Conclusion: Although graduate students in the public health discipline were well aware of health inequalities, a seminar course surrounding a popular book about Henrietta Lacks afforded students a more concrete understanding for why and how race and racism in health disparities exist.
Participation without Power
Authors: Koch Florian , Sánchez Steiner Lina María 
Published: September 2016

Citizen participation has become an important political strategy. A case study of the Barranquilla land-use plan employing Fung and Wright’s theories on countervailing power reveals that the citizen participation promoted to comply with legal requirements was a failure because it was manipulated by the dominant public actor. In societies such as that of Barranquilla, which employs traditional modes of politics, there is little chance of fostering successful participatory processes because there is no countervailing power to offset the established one. The violent context that surrounds the political sphere, low confidence in state institutions, and the convergence of economic and political power prevent the creation of strong and independent countervailing powers. La participación ciudadana se ha convertido en una importante estrategia política. El estudio de caso del plan de usos de terrenos de Barranquilla a través del prisma de las teorías de Fung y Wright sobre el poder compensatorio revela que la participación ciudadana promovida para cumplir con los requisitos legales fue un fracaso porque fue manipulada por el actor público dominante. En sociedades como la de Barranquilla, con sus modos tradicionales de la política, hay pocas posibilidades de fomentar procesos de participación exitosos porque no hay un poder compensatorio que contrarreste el poder establecido. El contexto violento que envuelve la esfera política, la poca confianza en las instituciones estatales y la convergencia del poder económico con el poder social impiden la creación de poderes compensatorios fuertes e independientes.
Deepening Demobilization: The State’s Transformation of Civil Society in the Poblaciones of Santiago, Chile
Authors: Koppelman Carter M. 
Published: September 2016

Since Chile’s transition to an electoral regime in 1990, the demobilization of local organizations in Santiago’s poor and working-class neighborhoods, known as poblaciones, presents a puzzle, given the continuation of the neoliberal socioeconomic program that urban popular sectors mobilized against under the dictatorship. Ethnographic and interview data from two districts in southern Santiago reveal that the posttransition period has been characterized by increased state domination of local organizations in Santiago’s poor communities. By virtue of their dependence on material resources, local organizations have become extensions of the local state, engaged in service provision rather than contentious claims making. At the same time, the extension of state control has been masked through reinforcement in official discourse of the symbolic boundaries between state and society. This shifting and blurring of the state–civil-society boundary contributes to the deepening of the political demobilization of popular organizations. Desde la transición a un régimen electoral en Chile en 1990, la desmovilización de las organizaciones locales en los vecindarios pobres y de clase trabajadora de Santiago, conocidos como poblaciones, presenta un enigma, dada la continuación del programa socioeconómico neoliberal contra el cual los sectores urbanos populares se movilizaron durante la dictadura. Algunos datos etnográficos y de entrevistas recogidos en dos distritos del sur de Santiago revelan que el periodo posterior a la transición se ha caracterizado por un aumento en el control del Estado sobre las organizaciones locales en las comunidades pobres de Santiago. Debido a su dependencia de los recursos materiales, las organizaciones locales se han convertido en extensiones del estado local, dedicadas a la prestación de servicios en lugar de luchar por las reinvindicaciones de la comunidad. Al mismo tiempo, la ampliación del control estatal ha sido disfrazada por el fortalecimiento de las fronteras simbólicas entre el estado y la sociedad en el discurso oficial. Esta estrategia contribuye a profundizar la desmovilización política de las organizaciones populares.
Conflict and Convergence between Experts and Citizens
Authors: Hunt Stacey L. 
Published: September 2016

TransMilenio, the mass transit system inaugurated in Bogotá at the turn of the millennium, was a technocratic development achievement. Citizens and experts alike held the system in high esteem initially. Over time, however, technocratic knowledge increasingly conflicted with citizens’ experiences, and riders grew extremely dissatisfied with the system. Some experts attempted to depoliticize policy decisions, demobilize civil society, and redefine citizenship as the consumption of services, but citizens continued to participate in myriad ways, protesting in the streets, barricading the system, organizing rider “strikes,” deploying their own expert knowledge, and seeking electoral office in order to inform policy decisions pertaining to the system. The distribution and importance of expertise in shaping the system challenges dichotomous understandings of state and society and highlights the differentiation of citizenship under neoliberal governance. TransMilenio, el sistema de transporte masivo inaugurado en Bogotá a principios del nuevo siglo, fue un logro de desarrollo tecnocrático. Al principio, tanto los ciudadanos como los expertos tenían una opinión altamente favorable del sistema. Sin embargo, con el tiempo, el conocimiento tecnocrático comenzó a entrar en conflicto cada vez más con la experiencia de los ciudadanos y aumentó cada día más la insatisfacción de los usuarios con el sistema. Algunos expertos trataron de despolitizar las decisiones sobre política pública, e intentaron desmovilizar a la sociedad civil y redefinir el concepto de ciudadanía como el mero consumo de servicios. Sin embargo, los ciudadanos siguieron luchando de diversas maneras: protestando en las calles, bloqueando el sistema con barricadas, organizando “huelgas” de usuarios, dándole valor a su propio conocimiento y aspirando a puestos electivos para así tratar de guiar la toma de decisiones políticas sobre el sistema. La distribución social del conocimiento o pericia y su importancia en la estructuración del sistema ponen en entredicho las visiones dicótomas de estado y sociedad y resaltan la diferenciación de la ciudadanía bajo la gestión neoliberal.
Cultural Adaptation of the Group Lifestyle Balance Program for Chinese Americans
Authors: Chesla Catherine A. , Chun Kevin M. , Kwong Yulanda , Gay Caryl L. , Chi Han-Lin , Gu Yunzi , Hernandez Lenore , Huang Peggy , Strycker Lisa A. , Ma Jun 
Published: September 2016

Purpose The purpose of this pilot study was to develop and evaluate a culturally adapted, language-translated diabetes prevention program for Chinese Americans. Methods This pilot study had a single-group repeated-measures design. Participants were 25 first-generation (n = 20) or second-generation (n = 5) Chinese Americans at risk for diabetes because of overweight (using the Asian-specific criterion of body mass index ≥ 23) and either prediabetes or metabolic syndrome. The 16-session program was administered over 6 months in separate Mandarin (n = 9) and English (n = 16) groups. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and at 3 and 6 months. Four participants dropped out. Multilevel regression models were used to examine change in study outcomes over time. Results Participants lost an average of 5.4% of their body weight across the 6 months of the study. Self-report questionnaires suggested improved dietary intake and increased physical activity. Both total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels improved. There were no statistically significant changes in fasting plasma glucose or A1C levels. Participants reported high satisfaction with and acceptance of the program. Conclusion Results suggest that the culturally adapted Group Lifestyle Balance program for Chinese Americans was both acceptable and effective. The culturally adapted program warrants further examination using scientific approaches for dissemination and implementation.
Nonadherence to Guideline Recommendations for Tympanostomy Tube Insertion in Children Based on Mega‐database Claims Analysis
Authors: Sajisevi Mirabelle , Schulz Kristine , Cyr Derek D. , Wojdyla Daniel , Rosenfeld Richard M. , Tucci Debara , Witsell David L. 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveTo estimate the nonadherence rate of pressure equalization (tympanostomy) tube (PET) placement in the preceding 3‐year period before release of the 2013 American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery Foundation clinical practice guideline (CPG).Study DesignAnalysis of the Truven Health MarketScan Research Databases (2010‐2012).Subjects and MethodsMedical claims data from 2010 to 2012 were analyzed. Children aged ≤12 years with otitis media (OM)–related diagnoses were identified. Adherence and nonadherence rates for OM and PET placement were analyzed through administrative codes extrapolated from the key action statements (KASs) of the CPG. KASs were aggregated to estimate the overall nonadherence and determine areas for quality improvement.ResultsA total of 9,726,411 visits with OM‐associated codes among 3,710,730 children were identified: 2.9% (80,451 of 3,239,700) were considered nonadherent to KAS 1 because a code for PET placement occurred with a first episode of OM with effusion <3 months; 52.1% (14,534 of 27,913) underwent PET placement for OM with effusion of >3 months and had a concurrent hearing loss code. For those without hearing loss who underwent PET placement, 48.3% (52,921 of 109,583) had a diagnosis code indicating risk for speech, language, or learning problems. For each KAS, we found heterogeneity of computed nonadherence rates by region, age, and season.ConclusionBefore guideline dissemination, we found low to moderate rates of nonadherence to guideline recommendation. Deeper analysis of mega‐databases could provide better insights for measurement of guideline adherence. The expansion of administrative and clinical databases provides a unique opportunity to investigate the impact of CPGs.
Volumetric Growth of Cervical Schwannoma as a Predictor of Surgical Intervention
Authors: Alemi A. Sean , Heaton Chase M. , Ryan William R. , El‐Sayed Ivan , Wang Steven J. 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveCervical schwannomas are benign tumors that commonly present as asymptomatic masses and are managed with observation, radiation, or surgery. To our knowledge, the rate of volumetric change seen on serial imaging is not currently used to determine surgical candidacy. We assess average growth rates and determine whether growth rate of cervical schwannoma predicts having undergone surgery.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingQuaternary academic medical center.Subjects and MethodsPatients were identified with at least 2 imaging studies and pathologic or imaging characteristics of cervical schwannoma. Volume was calculated with the formula 4/3πxyz, with x, y, and z representing the 3 orthogonal dimensions. Volume and rate of volume change were compared among observed, surgical, and gamma knife groups.ResultsThirteen patients were identified and divided into subgroups: surgical (n = 5), observation (n = 6), and gamma knife (n = 2). Mean follow‐up time was 21 months (range, 1‐80 months) and not significantly different among subgroups. The average changes in volume were 3.61 cm3/mo (entire group), –2.75 cm3/mo (observation), 11.97 cm3/mo (surgery), and 1.78 cm3/mo (gamma knife). Average initial volume for the entire group was 124.4 cm3 (range, 5‐608 cm3) and 142 cm3 (range 5‐613) at follow‐up. The surgical group had a statistically significant change in volume (P =. 03). A statistically significant difference in growth rate was seen between the surgical and observation groups (P =. 016) and between the surgical group and all nonsurgical patients (P =. 011).ConclusionsRate of tumor growth can be used in the evaluation of patients with cervical schwannoma, and it may predict surgical intervention.
Salvage myocardial revascularisation in spontaneous left main coronary artery dissection with cardiogenic shock – the role of mechanical circulatory support
Authors: Padukone Ashok , Sayeed Ahmed K. , Marczin Nandor , García Sáez Diana , Zych Bartlomiej , Mohite Prashant N. , Zeriouh Mohamed , Smith Robert D. , Simon Andre R. , Sabashnikov Anton , Popov Aron-Frederik 
Published: September 2016

Spontaneous left main coronary artery dissection is a rare cause of acute coronary events or sudden cardiac death, constituting less than 1% of all epicardial coronary artery dissections. It is often fatal and is mostly recognized at post-mortem examination in young victims of sudden death. More than 70% of the reported cases occurred in women, particularly during pregnancy and the peripartum period and those on oral contraceptives. The clinical presentation is highly variable and prognosis varies widely, depending predominantly on the speed of diagnosis. Treatment options include medical therapy, revascularization with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and mechanical circulatory support in cases of cardiogenic shock. We report a case of spontaneous dissection of the left main stem coronary artery, with extension into the left coronary territory, which occurred in a 41-year-old lady, complicated by profound cardiogenic shock requiring recovery with extracorporeal mechanical circulatory support after salvage myocardial revascularization.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation outcomes in children with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Cashen Katherine , Chu Roland L , Klein Justin , Rycus Peter T , Costello John M 
Published: September 2016

Introduction: Pediatric patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) may develop refractory respiratory or cardiac failure that warrants consideration for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. The purposes of this study were to describe the use and outcomes of ECMO in pediatric HLH patients, to identify risk factors for hospital mortality and to compare their ECMO use and outcomes to the ECMO population as a whole. Methods: Pediatric patients (⩽ 18 years) with a diagnosis of HLH in the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) Registry were included. Results: Between 1983 and 2014, data for 30 children with HLH were available in the ELSO registry and all were included in this study. All cases occurred in the last decade. Of the 30 HLH patients, 24 (80%) had a respiratory indication for ECMO and six (20%) had a cardiac indication (of which 4 were E-CPR and 2 cardiac failure). Of the 24 respiratory ECMO patients, 63% were placed on VA ECMO. Compared with all pediatric patients in the ELSO registry during the study period (n=17,007), HLH patients had worse hospital survival (non-HLH 59% vs HLH 30%, p=0.001). In pediatric HLH patients, no pre-ECMO risk factors for mortality were identified. The development of a hemorrhagic complication on ECMO was associated with decreased mortality (p=0.01). Comparing HLH patients with respiratory failure to patients with other immune compromised conditions, the overall survival rate is similar (HLH 38% vs. non-HLH immune compromised 31%, p=0.64). Conclusions: HLH is an uncommon indication for ECMO and these patients have increased mortality compared to the overall pediatric ECMO population. These data should be factored into decision-making when considering ECMO for pediatric HLH patients.
Effects of conventional CPB and mini-CPB on neutrophils CD162, CD166 and CD195 expression
Authors: Holmannova Drahomira , Kolackova Martina , Mandak Jiri , Kunes Pavel , Holubcova Zdenka , Holubec Tomas , Krejsek Jan 
Published: September 2016

Objective: Cardiac surgery is known to trigger a systemic inflammatory response. While the use of conventional cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) results in profound inflammation, modified mini-CPB is considered less harmful. We evaluated the impact of cardiac surgery on the expression of CD162, CD166, CD195 molecules and their association with the type of CPB used. Methods and Results: Twenty-four patients were enrolled in our study. Twelve of them were operated using conventional CPB while the other twelve patients underwent surgery with mini-CPB. Blood samples were analysed by flow cytometry. We observed a significant increase in median fluorescence intensity of CD162 and CD195 that peaked instantly after surgery and normalized to the baseline value on the 1st day post surgery, whereas CD166 was initially down-regulated and its median fluorescence intensity (MFI) value increased to the baseline in the next few days. Conclusion: We observed immediate changes in the expression of CD162, CD166, and CD195 molecules on the neutrophils after surgery in both study groups of patients. The intensity of the observed changes was significantly greater in the group of patients who underwent conventional CPB compared to patients who underwent mini-CPB cardiac surgery.
Association of the GRIN2B rs2284411 polymorphism with methylphenidate response in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Kim Johanna I , Kim Jae-Won , Park Jong-Eun , Park Subin , Hong Soon-Beom , Han Doug Hyun , Cheong Jae Hoon , Choi Jae-Won , Lee Sumin , Kim Bung-Nyun 
Published: September 2016

Objective: We investigated the possible association between two NMDA subunit gene polymorphisms (GRIN2B rs2284411 and GRIN2A rs2229193) and treatment response to methylphenidate (MPH) in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: A total of 75 ADHD patients aged 6–17 years underwent 6 months of MPH administration. Treatment response was defined by changes in scores of the ADHD-IV Rating Scale (ADHD-RS), clinician-rated Clinical Global Impression—Improvement (CGI-I), and Continuous Performance Test (CPT). The association of the GRIN2B and GRIN2A polymorphisms with treatment response was analyzed using logistic regression analyses. Results: The GRIN2B rs2284411 C/C genotype showed significantly better treatment response as assessed by ADHD-RS inattention ( p=0.009) and CGI-I scores ( p=0.009), and there was a nominally significant association in regard to ADHD-RS hyperactivity-impulsivity ( p=0.028) and total ( p=0.023) scores, after adjusting for age, sex, IQ, baseline Clinical Global Impression—Severity (CGI-S) score, baseline ADHD-RS total score, and final MPH dose. The GRIN2B C/C genotype also showed greater improvement at the CPT response time variability ( p<0.001). The GRIN2A G/G genotype was associated with a greater improvement in commission errors of the CPT compared to the G/A genotype ( p=0.001). Conclusions: The results suggest that the GRIN2B rs2284411 genotype may be an important predictor of MPH response in ADHD.
Anterolateral Ligament of the Fetal Knee: An Anatomic and Histological Study
Authors: Helito Camilo Partezani , do Prado Torres Julio Augusto , Bonadio Marcelo Batista , Aragão José Aderval , de Oliveira Lucas Nogueira , Natalino Renato José Mendonça , Pécora José Ricardo , Camanho Gilberto Luis , Demange Marco Kawamura 
Published: September 2016

Background: The anterolateral ligament (ALL) of the knee has recently been described in detail. Most studies of the ALL have been conducted in adults; therefore, little is known about the anatomy and histology of the ALL in younger patients, and nothing is known about the fetal presence of the ALL. Purpose: To evaluate the ALL in human fetuses to determine its presence or absence and to describe its microscopic anatomy and histological features compared with the findings of studies conducted in adults. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Twenty human fetal cadaveric specimens were used. The mean age of the fetuses was 28.64 ± 3.20 weeks. The ALL was dissected in the anterolateral region of the knee, and its anatomic parameters, including its origin, insertion, and path in relation to known adjacent anatomic landmarks, in addition to its length, width, and thickness over the path toward the tibia, were measured. After dissection, the ALL was removed en bloc with a portion of the lateral meniscus for histological analysis of 4-μm sections, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and immunohistochemical staining for type I collagen. Results: The ALL was located in all dissected knees. Its origin was located at a mean distance of 1.87 mm from the origin of the lateral collateral ligament, with variations from the center of the lateral epicondyle to posterior and proximal to it, and it exhibited an anterior-inferior path toward the tibia, an insertion in the lateral meniscus approximately 2.08 mm anterior to the popliteal tendon, and another insertion in the tibia between the Gerdy tubercle and the fibular head at 2.46 mm below the articular cartilage. The histological sections of the ALL showed well-organized, dense collagenous tissue fibers with elongated fibroblasts (mean, 1631 fibroblasts/mm2) and a predominance of type I collagen. Conclusion: The ALL is present during fetal development, with anatomic and histological features similar to those of the adult ALL. Clinical Relevance: The findings of this study help to better understand the ALL’s anatomy and histology from the fetal period to adulthood. The study presents the existence of the ALL since fetal development, emphasizes the characterization of the ALL, and brings important information to future pediatric ALL lesion studies.