bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Vibration Training on Muscle Recovery and Exercise Induced Soreness: A Systematic Review
Authors: Baloy Kirby 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjective The positive effects of vibration training (VT) on improving strength and muscle performance are widely documented; however, its ability and feature to diminish the effects of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) and to initiate muscle recovery has not been thoroughly correlated. Data Sources Systematic literature searches for randomized controlled trials between 2009-2014 were performed in the databases of: SOLAR (CSS Library), CINAHL and PubMed between July15 to July 26, 2014. Study Selection and Data Extraction Five randomized controlled trials with a total of 163 subjects supported strong evidence with the use of VT to diminish DOMS. Data Synthesis and Conclusions The studies presented moderate evidence for the use of VT in muscle recovery parameters of: power, explosive muscle ability, return of strength and maximal voluntary isometric contraction as well as ROM. This review found no evidence on the effects of VT on limb circumference. Vibration Training (VT), when compared to exercise such as a standard sport cool down or treadmill walking, had no significant difference on the return of muscle function measured in terms of strength and power. The same studies however, showed VT had significantly faster recovery time compared to the control (no intervention) group.
¿Más escolaridad, menos informalidad? Un análisis de cohortes para México y América Latina
Authors: Levy Santiago , Székely Miguel 
Published: October 2016

¿Cuál es la relación entre escolaridad e informalidad laboral? Con las encuestas de hogares de México y otros 17 países de América Latina, separamos la evolución de la tasa de informalidad laboral en tres efectos: i) diferencias en los años de escolaridad de sucesivas generaciones de trabajadores, ii) tránsitos entre formalidad e informalidad durante el ciclo de vida laboral de cada generación, y iii) características del mercado de trabajo. Encontramos que en América Latina se ha observado una ligera reducción de la informalidad, asociada fundamentalmente al primer efecto: generaciones más recientes de trabajadores con más escolaridad experimentan menores tasas de informalidad que las anteriores. En el caso de México, tambiénobservamos que generaciones más recientes de trabajadores tienen más años de escolaridad que las previas; sin embargo, este efecto ha sido contrarrestado por el mercado laboral. Así, a pesar de que en México se han observado mayores avances en años de escolaridad que en el promedio de América Latina, el progreso para reducir la informalidad laboral ha sido nulo.
Competencia y diferenciación de productos en el mercado mexicano de tarjetas de crédito
Authors: Estrada González Ernesto 
Published: October 2016

Este artículo estudia la competencia en el mercado mexicano de tarjetas de crédito. Deriva funciones de demanda de un modelo de elección discreta, y de tasas de interés de un modelo de competencia imperfecta, ambos con productos diferenciados. Estas funciones se estiman utilizando un panel de datos con 23 segmentos de límite de crédito y 18 bancos emisores entre junio del 2011 y junio del 2015. Los resultados indican que hay competencia imperfecta con productos diferenciados y que las tarjetas son sustitutas más cercanas cuando pertenecen a segmentos similares. Asimismo, revelan que las tasas responden a costos, aunque también reflejan márgenessupracompetitivos. El análisis asocia el poder de mercado con la antigüedad de la cuenta, lo que muestra posibles asimetrías de información o costos de traspaso. En general, menores límites de crédito tienen mayores tasas de interés, pero también mayores costos y menores márgenes. Los resultados también permiten evaluar posibles efectos de concentraciones entre bancos emisores. Finalmente, se hacen algunas recomendaciones de política con base en esta evidencia.
Mapa y jerarquía espacial de la pobreza en México. Un nuevo procedimiento para identificar el patrón espacial de los problemas sociales
Authors: Treviño C. Jesús A. 
Published: October 2016

Esta investigación presenta y aplica un nuevo procedimiento para jerarquizar espacialmente la pobreza. El método propuesto combina simultáneamente variables de magnitud e intensidad utilizando técnicas estadísticas recientes (remuestreo y autocorrelación espacial) y tradicionales, así como rutinas de superposición espacial de los Sistemas de Información Geográfica. Mientras magnitud e intensidad se refieren a datos absolutos y relativos, respectivamente, cada variable puede estar concentrada o aglomerada en el espacio. En este estudio, concentración es la presencia de valores globales altos, independientemente de su localización, y aglomeración es la concentración de valores locales altos espacialmente contiguos. Ambas, aglomeración y concentración, son fusionadas mediante un procedimiento de superposición geográfica para crear conglomerados de magnitud o intensidad de pobreza. Los casos al interior de estos conglomerados son clasificados por procedimientos gaussianos (discontinuidades naturales) o paretianos (puntas y colas) para crear una jerarquía espacial. Por primera vez en el estudio de la pobreza, la jerarquía espacial resultante es producto de la combinación simultánea de los procesos de concentración y aglomeración medidos en términos absolutos y relativos. Los beneficios del procedimiento en una política pública espacialmente orientada son ilustrados abordando la focalización espacial de la pobreza en los 2 456 municipios mexicanos en el 2010. La metodología propuesta en esta investigación puede adaptarse fácilmente para identificar los patrones espaciales de otros problemas sociales, tales como crimen, industria, enfermedades, contaminación o justicia ambiental en diferentes áreas o países.
Efectos de saltos inesperados en el gasto público y variables demográficas en el crecimiento económico. El caso mexicano con un enfoque GARCH con saltos (1936-2012)
Authors: Castillo-Ramírez Claudia Estrella , Venegas-Martínez Francisco , López-Herrera Francisco 
Published: October 2016

Este artículo desarrolla un modelo estocástico macroeconómico útil para explicar los efectos que tienen los saltos inesperados en el gasto de gobierno per cápita y en variables demográficas en el crecimiento económico per cápita. Para ello se supone que las dinámicas estocásticas del gasto público y de la población son conducidas por procesos de difusión con saltos modulados por una cadena de Markov. Los resultados más importantes son que los saltos bruscos e inesperados en el gasto público per cápita y en el crecimiento de la población impactan negativamente la tasa de crecimiento per cápita del producto. En particular, si hay un salto brusco y repentino en la tasa de crecimiento de la población, entonces el capital per cápita disminuye repentinamente impactando con ello negativamente el producto per cápita.Por último, los resultados teóricos encontrados se complementan con evidencia empírica del caso mexicano obtenida mediante un modelo que toma en cuenta tanto la volatilidad de las tasas de crecimiento de la población y del gasto público per cápita así como las sorpresas en la intensidad de los saltos en esas variables.
O ESTADO MÍNIMO DE ROBERT NOZICK
Authors: Sahd Luiz Felipe Netto de Andrade e Silva 
Published: October 2016

O presente artigo tem como objetivo reconstruir argumentos centrais desenvolvidos por Robert Nozick, acerca das posições extremas que não diferenciam Estado-providência e Estado totalitário na política dos libertarianos norte-americanos, isto é, sobre as afinidades percebidas por Nozick com as teses desta corrente de pensamento, embora se afastando num ponto essencial: a questão do Estado. Ao contrário da teoria anarquista, o Estado mínimo é preferível ao estado de natureza, tal como John Locke o descreve. De fato, o estado de natureza expõe, segundo Nozick, os indivíduos a todo tipo de violência que nenhum “sistema de proteção privado” bastaria para evitar. O remédio para as violações dos contratos consiste na criação de um sistema de proteção público dotado oficialmente do monopólio do uso da força.Abstract: The present article aims at reconstructing Robert Nozick’s central arguments about the extreme positions held by North American libertarians who do not distinguish between Welfare State and Totalitarian State. Despite divergences on a pivotal question, that of the State, there are some affinities between Nozick and this current of thought. Contrary to the anarchist theory, the Minimal State is preferable to the state of nature as described by John Locke. According to Nozick, the state of nature exposes individuals to all kinds of violence from which no “private assurance system” whatsoever can protect them. The remedy for the breach of contracts resides in the creation of a public system of protection that officially holds the monopoly of the use of force.
Primary Linked Semiconstrained Total Elbow Arthroplasty for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Sanchez-Sotelo Joaquin , Baghdadi Yaser M.K. , Morrey Bernard F. 
Published: October 2016

Background:
Elbow arthroplasty is the treatment of choice for end-stage rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term outcome of a linked semiconstrained elbow arthroplasty implant design in patients with RA.

Methods:
Between 1982 and 2006, 461 primary total elbow arthroplasties using the Coonrad-Morrey prosthesis were performed in 387 patients with RA. Fifty-five of the arthroplasties were performed to treat concurrent traumatic or posttraumatic conditions. There were 305 women (365 elbows, 79%) and 82 men (96 elbows, 21%). Ten patients (10 elbows) were lost to follow-up, 9 patients (10 elbows) died, and 6 patients (6 elbows) underwent revision surgery within the first 2 years. For the 435 elbows (362 patients, 94%) with a minimum of 2 years of follow-up, the median follow-up was 10 years (range, 2 to 30 years).

Results:
At the most recent follow-up, 49 (11%) of the elbows had undergone component revision or removal (deep infection, 10 elbows; and mechanical failure, 39 elbows). Eight additional elbows were considered to have radiographic evidence of loosening. For surviving implants followed for a minimum of 2 years, the median Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) was 90 points. Bushing wear was identified in 71 (23%) of the surviving elbows with a minimum of 2 years of radiographic follow-up; however, only 2% of the elbows had been revised for isolated bushing wear. The rate of survivorship free of implant revision or removal for any reason was 92% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 88% to 94%) at 10 years, 83% (95% CI = 77% to 88%) at 15 years, and 68% (95% CI = 56% to 78%) at 20 years. The survivorship at 20 years was 88% (95% CI = 83% to 92%) with revision due to aseptic loosening as the end point and 89% (95% CI = 77% to 95%) with isolated bushing exchange as the end point. Risk factors for implant revision for any cause included male sex, a history of concomitant traumatic pathology, and implantation of an ulnar component with a polymethylmethacrylate surface finish.

Conclusions:
Elbow arthroplasty using a cemented linked semiconstrained elbow arthroplasty provides satisfactory clinical results in the treatment of RA with a reasonable rate of survivorship free of mechanical failure at 20 years. Although bushing wear was identified on radiographs in approximately one-fourth of the patients, revision for isolated bushing wear was uncommon.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
ACL Deficiency Increases Forces on the Medial Femoral Condyle and the Lateral Meniscus with Applied Rotatory Loads
Authors: McDonald Lucas S. , Boorman-Padgett James , Kent Robert , Stone Kyle , Wickiewicz Thomas L. , Pearle Andrew D. , Imhauser Carl W. 
Published: October 2016

Background:
The articular surfaces and menisci act with the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) to stabilize the knee joint. Their role in resisting applied rotatory loads characteristic of instability events is unclear despite commonly observed damage to these intra-articular structures in the acute and chronic ACL injury settings.

Methods:
Ten fresh-frozen human cadaveric knees were mounted to a robotic manipulator. Combined valgus and internal rotation torques were applied in the presence and absence of a 300-N compressive load. Forces carried by the individual menisci and via cartilage-to-cartilage contact on each femoral condyle in ACL-intact and ACL-sectioned states were measured using the principle of superposition.

Results:
In response to applied valgus and internal rotation torques in the absence of compression, sectioning of the ACL increased the net force carried by the lateral meniscus by at most 65.8 N (p < 0.001). Moreover, the anterior shear force carried by the lateral meniscus increased by 25.7 N (p < 0.001) and 36.5 N (p = 0.042) in the absence and presence of compression, respectively. In response to applied valgus and internal rotation torques, sectioning of the ACL increased the net force carried by cartilage-to-cartilage contact on the medial femoral condyle by at most 38.9 N (p = 0.006) and 46.7 N (p = 0.040) in the absence and presence of compression, respectively. Additionally, the lateral shear force carried by cartilage-to-cartilage contact on the medial femoral condyle increased by at most 21.0 N (p = 0.005) and by 28.0 N (p = 0.025) in the absence and presence of compression, respectively. Forces carried by the medial meniscus and by cartilage-to-cartilage contact on the lateral femoral condyle changed by <5 N as a result of ACL sectioning.

Conclusions:
ACL sectioning increased the net forces carried by the lateral meniscus and medial femoral condyle—and the anterior shear and lateral shear forces, respectively—in response to multiplanar valgus and internal rotation torque.

Clinical Relevance:
These loading patterns provide a biomechanical rationale for clinical patterns of intra-articular derangement such as lateral meniscal injury and osseous remodeling of the medial compartment seen with ACL insufficiency.
Ponseti Treatment of Rigid Residual Deformity in Congenital Clubfoot After Walking Age
Authors: Dragoni Massimiliano , Farsetti Pasquale , Vena Giuseppe , Bellini Diego , Maglione Pierluigi , Ippolito Ernesto 
Published: October 2016

Background:
There is no established treatment for rigid residual deformity of congenital clubfoot (CCF) after walking age. Soft-tissue procedures, osseous procedures, and external fixation have been performed with unpredictable results. We applied the Ponseti method to patients with this condition in order to improve the outcomes of treatment.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed the cases of 44 patients (68 feet) with congenital clubfoot whose mean age (and standard deviation) at treatment was 4.8 ± 1.6 years. All patients had been previously treated in other institutions by various conservative and surgical protocols. Residual deformity was evaluated using the International Clubfoot Study Group Score (ICFSGS), and stiffness was rated by the number of casts needed for deformity correction. Ponseti manipulation and cast application was performed. Equinus was usually treated with percutaneous heel-cord surgery, while the cavus deformity was treated with percutaneous fasciotomy when needed. Tibialis anterior tendon transfer (TATT) was performed in patients over 3 years old. At the time of follow-up, the results were evaluated using the ICFSGS.

Results:
Before treatment, 12 feet were graded as fair and 56, as poor. Two to 4 casts were applied, with each cast worn for 4 weeks. Stiffness was moderate (2 casts) in 23 feet, severe (3 casts) in 30 feet, and very severe (4 casts) in 15 feet. Percutaneous heel-cord surgery was performed in 28 feet; open posterior release, in 5 feet; plantar fasciotomy, in 30 feet; and TATT, in 60 feet. The mean length of follow-up was 4.9 ± 1.8 years. Eight feet had an excellent result; 49 feet, a good result; and 11 feet, a fair result. No patient had pain. All of the feet showed significant improvement.

Conclusions:
Ponseti treatment with TATT, which was performed in 88% of the feet, was effective, and satisfactory results were achieved in 84% of the feet. At the time of follow-up, no patient showed an abnormal gait, all feet were plantigrade and flexible, but 2 feet (2.9%) had relapsed.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Crusting of Stored Dairy Slurry to Abate Ammonia Emissions
Authors: Misselbrook Tom H. , Brookman Siobhan K. E. , Smith Ken A. , Cumby Trevor , Williams Adrian G. , McCrory Dan F. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTStorage of cattle slurry is a significant source of ammonia (NH3) emissions. Emissions can be reduced by covering slurry stores, but this can incur significant costs, as well as practical and technical difficulties. In this pilot‐scale study, slurry was stored in small tanks (500 L) and the effectiveness of natural crust development for reducing NH3 emissions was assessed in a series of experiments. Also, factors important in crust development were investigated. Measurements were made of crust thickness and specially adapted tank lids were used to measure NH3 emissions. Slurry dry matter (DM) content was the most important factor influencing crust formation, with no crust formation on slurries with a DM content of <1%. Generally, crusts began to form within the first 10 to 20 d of storage, at which time NH3 emission rates would decrease. The formation of a natural crust reduced NH3 emissions by approximately 50%. The type of bedding used in the free stall barn did not influence crust formation, nor did ambient temperature or air‐flow rate across the slurry surface. There was a large difference in crust formation between slurries from cattle fed a corn (Zea mays L.) silage–based diet and those fed a grass silage–based diet, although dietary differences were confounded with bedding differences. The inclusion of a corn starch and glucose additive promoted crust formation and reduced NH3 emission. The maintenance of a manageable crust on cattle slurry stores is recommended as a cost‐effective means of abating NH3 emissions from this phase of slurry management.
SIZE OF THE ACCRETION DISK IN THE GRAVIATIONALLY LENSED QUASAR SDSS J1004+4112 FROM THE STATISTICS OF MICROLENSING MAGNIFICATIONS
Authors: Fian C. , Mediavilla E. , Hanslmeier A. , Oscoz A. , Serra-Ricart M. , Muñoz J. A. , Jiménez-Vicente J. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
We present eight monitoring seasons of the four brightest images of the gravitational lens SDSS J1004+4112 observed between 2003 December and 2010 October. Using measured time delays for the images A, B, and C and the model predicted time delay for image D we have removed the intrinsic quasar variability, finding microlensing events of about 0.5 and 0.7 mag of amplitude in the images C and D. From the statistics of microlensing amplitudes in images A, C, and D, we have inferred the half-light radius (at

) for the accretion disk using two different methods,

(histogram product) and

lt-days (

). The results are in agreement within uncertainties with the size predicted from the black hole mass in SDSS J1004+4112 using thin disk theory.
IS THE GALACTIC BULGE DEVOID OF PLANETS?
Authors: Penny Matthew T. , Henderson Calen B. , Clanton Christian 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
We consider a sample of 31 exoplanetary systems detected by gravitational microlensing and investigate whether or not the estimated distances to these systems conform to the Galactic distribution of planets expected from models. We derive the expected distribution of distances and relative proper motions from a simulated microlensing survey, correcting for the dominant selection effects that affect the sensitivity of planet detection as a function of distance, and compare it to the observed distribution using Anderson–Darling (AD) hypothesis testing. Taking the relative abundance of planets in the bulge to that in the disk,

, as a model parameter, we find that our model is consistent with the observed distribution only for

(for a p-value threshold of 0.01) implying that the bulge may be devoid of planets relative to the disk. Allowing for a dependence of planet abundance on metallicity and host mass, or an additional dependence of planet sensitivity on event timescale, does not restore consistency for

. We examine the distance estimates of some events in detail, and conclude that some parallax-based estimates could be significantly in error. Only by combining the removal of one problematic event from our sample and the inclusion of strong dependences of planet abundance or detection sensitivity on host mass, metallicity, and event timescale are we able to find consistency with the hypothesis that the bulge and disk have equal planet abundance.
EVOLUTION OF LOW-MASS X-RAY BINARIES: THE EFFECT OF DONOR EVAPORATION
Authors: Jia Kun , Li Xiang-Dong 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Millisecond pulsars (MSPs) are thought to originate from low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs). The discovery of eclipsing radio MSPs, including redbacks and black widows, indicates that evaporation of the donor star by the MSP’s irradiation takes place during the LMXB evolution. In this work, we investigate the effect of donor evaporation on the secular evolution of LMXBs, considering different evaporation efficiencies and related angular momentum loss. We find that for widening LMXBs, the donor star leaves a less massive white dwarf than without evaporation; for contracting systems, evaporation can speed up the evolution, resulting in dynamically unstable mass transfer and possibly the formation of isolated MSPs.
ELEMENT ABUNDANCES IN A GAS-RICH GALAXY AT z = 5: CLUES TO THE EARLY CHEMICAL ENRICHMENT OF GALAXIES∗
Authors: Morrison Sean , Kulkarni Varsha P. , Som Debopam , DeMarcy Bryan , Quiret Samuel , Péroux Celine 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Element abundances in high-redshift quasar absorbers offer excellent probes of the chemical enrichment of distant galaxies, and can constrain models for population III and early population II stars. Recent observations indicate that the sub-damped Lyα (sub-DLA) absorbers are more metal-rich than DLA absorbers at redshifts 0 < z < 3. It has also been suggested that DLA metallicity drops suddenly at z > 4.7. However, only three DLAs at z > 4.5 and no sub-DLAs at z > 3.5 have “dust-free” metallicity measurements of undepleted elements. We report the first quasar sub-DLA metallicity measurement at z > 3.5, from detections of undepleted elements in high-resolution data for a sub-DLA at z = 5.0. We obtain fairly robust abundances of C, O, Si, and Fe, using lines outside the Lyα forest. This absorber is metal-poor, with [O/H] = −2.00 ± 0.12, which is ≳4σ below the level expected from extrapolation of the trend for z < 3.5 sub-DLAs. The C/O ratio is

times lower than in the Sun. More strikingly, Si/O is

times lower than in the Sun, whereas Si/Fe is nearly (1.2

times) solar. This absorber does not display a clear alpha/Fe enhancement. Dust depletion may have removed more Si from the gas phase than is common in the Milky Way interstellar medium, which may be expected if high-redshift supernovae form more silicate-rich dust. C/O and Si/O vary substantially between different velocity components, indicating spatial variations in dust depletion and/or early stellar nucleosynthesis (e.g., population III star initial mass function). The higher velocity gas may trace an outflow enriched by early stars.