bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children’s ideas about the human body – A Nordic case study
Authors: Óskarsdóttir Gunnhildur , Stougaard Birgitte , Fleischer Ane , Jeronen Eila , Lützen Finnur , Kråkenes Roar 
Published: October 2017

This paper explores the findings of a study of the ideas young school children in the Nordic countries have about the human body e.g. structure and location of bones and organs (heart, lungs, stomach and brain etc.) before being taught about it formally at school. The aims of the study were to investigate children’s ideas about the human body and to see if their ideas differ between Nordic countries and if so, in what way. Twenty 6 year old children in each country were chosen (7–8 year olds in Finland) and asked to draw the bones and the organs in the body and to explain their drawings. Mixed methods were used in this study to get a broader view of the double aim of the study. Special scales were used to get a quantitative view of children’s ideas as put forward in their drawings and the study also had some elements of a case study as it was meant to focus on children’s ideas about a special issue, that is, the human body. The results show many similarities between the children’s ideas presented in the drawings and also interesting differences. The results also suggest that the culture aspects in each country such as cooking habits, typical foods, pictures in books and language expressions influence children’s ideas about bones and organs in the human body.
Assocationsverktyg som ett sätt att studera studenters diskussion kring naturvetenskapliga begrepp
Authors: Stolpe Karin , Degerman Mari Stadig 
Published: October 2017

This article aims to describe a new tool, the association tool, to collect data of students’ discussions on scientific concepts. We have tested the association tool in two different situations. In the first, the association tool was used by student teachers in group-work. The students (two groups, which consisted of two and three students respectively) were asked to associate ATP (adenosine triphosphate), a concept with which they are familiar, with other concepts. In the second situation, the association tool was used in an interview situation dealing with the concepts of energy and heat. Three student teachers were interviewed. Both situations were videotaped and the transcripts were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively to show different ways of using the association tool. The association tool yielded rich data on the discussions of the concepts used, and it also allowed the opportunity to study interactions in group-work and an interview situation.
Et allmenndannende naturfag. Fagets betydning for demokratisk deltakelse
Authors: Kolstø Stein Dankert 
Published: October 2017

Artikkelen har vært trykket i boka Naturfagdidaktikk – perspektiver, forskning, utvikling (Red.: D. Jorde & B. Bungum, ISBN 82-05-31477-2), utgitt på Gyldendal Akademisk i. Kapitlet gjengis i NorDiNa etter avtale med forlaget og forfatteren.
Naturfag i skolen i et kritisk demokratisk dannelsesperspektiv
Authors: Paulsen Albert Chr. 
Published: October 2017

Artikkelen har vært trykket i boka Naturfagdidaktikk – perspektiver, forskning, utvikling (Red. D. Jorde & B. Bungum, ISBN 82-05-31477-2), utgitt på Gyldendal Akademisk i 2003. Kapitlet gjengis i NorDiNa etter avtale med forlaget og forfatteren.
The effectiveness of integrating existing digital learning resources into classroom teaching – an evaluation of the learning achievement
Authors: Pétursdóttir Svava 
Published: October 2017

This paper presents the results of an intervention study exploring the effectiveness of an implementation of a selection of digital learning resources (DLR) in lower secondary science classrooms. Eight teachers participated in a quasi-experimental intervention, teaching three different subjects with and without DLRs. The data presented are from pupil tests before and after the teaching combined with observation of lessons and interviews with both pupils and teachers. In two of the three subjects the groups using DLRs did slightly better than the comparison group. The results indicate that successful ICT based learning is just as dependent on teacher competence as the quality and features of the resources.
Students’ annotated drawings as a mediating artefact in science teachers’ professional development
Authors: Nielsen Birgitte Lund 
Published: October 2017

This paper presents a case study of a teacher examining her 4th graders’ conceptual understanding of factors causing day and night, seasons, and the phases of the Moon both pre- and post-teaching, as a part of participating in the continuous professional development (CPD) project QUEST. The study is framed in reference to the extant research in the two fields of CPD and students’ alternative conceptions in science. The findings pertain to both the 4th graders’ conceptual understanding and the teacher’s meaning-making when examining the students’ annotated drawings and discussing them with colleagues. The teaching in general seems to be efficient concerning challenging students’ alternative conceptions; however not in relation to the phases of the Moon. The teacher re-designed her teaching and emphasized the insight gained from looking into a structured analysis. Nonetheless, she questioned whether teachers would find time for such analyses. While there are promising indications that this teacher will continue using pre- and post-assessment based on the insights gained, the collaborative analysis seemed rather superficial. The spreading to colleagues is discussed referring to this inquiry as supporting individual but probably not collaborative agency.
Philip Hillkowitz The “Granddaddy of Medical Technologists” and Cofounder of the American Society for Clinical Pathologists and the Jewish Consumptives' Relief Society
Authors: Wright James R. , Abrams Jeanne 
Published: October 2017

Context.—In the early 20th century, the future of hospital-based clinical pathology practice was uncertain and this situation led to the formation of the American Society for Clinical Pathologists in 1922. Philip Hillkowitz, MD, and Ward Burdick, MD, were its cofounders. No biography of Hillkowitz exists.Objective.—To explore the life, beliefs, and accomplishments of Philip Hillkowitz.Design.—Available primary and secondary historical sources were reviewed.Results.—Hillkowitz, the son of a Russian rabbi, immigrated to America as an 11-year-old child in 1885. He later attended medical school in Cincinnati, Ohio, and then moved to Colorado, where he began his clinical practice, which transitioned into a clinical pathology practice. In Denver, he met Charles Spivak, MD, another Jewish immigrant and together they established the Jewish Consumptives' Relief Society, an ethnically sensitive tuberculosis sanatorium that flourished in the first half of the 20th century because of its national fundraising network. In 1921, Hillkowitz and Burdick, also a Denver-based pathologist, successively organized the pathologists in Denver, followed by the state of Colorado. Early the next year, they formed the American Society for Clinical Pathologists (ASCP). Working with the American College of Surgeons, the ASCP put hospital-based practice of clinical pathology on solid footing in the 1920s. Hillkowitz then established and oversaw the ASCP Board of Registry of Medical Technologists.Conclusions.—Philip Hillkowitz changed the directions of clinical pathology and tuberculosis treatment in 20th century America, while simultaneously serving as a successful ethnic power broker within both the American Jewish and Eastern European immigrant communities.
L'intérêt public dans l'aménagement des relations du travail
Authors: Dion Gérard 
Published: October 2017

Dans cette étude, l'auteur montre comment l'intérêt public est engagé dans les relations du travail. Il expose dabord ce que l'on entend par « intérêt public ». Ensuite, il envisage comment doit se comporter le gouvernement dans les questions d'intérêt public.
Contribution à l'histoire québécoise du travail (VIII)
Authors: Chartier Roger 
Published: October 2017

Voici le huitième et dernier d'une série de textes sur la législation québécoise du
travail (et sur les services connexes du Ministère du travail) de 1885 à nos jours. Ces
notes pourront un jour servir à une histoire plus méthodique des relations du travail au
Québec.
Cette série d'articles est la synthèse d'une « Étude analytique et évolutive des
services du Ministère du travail et de la législation ouvrière et sociale de la province de
Québec, 1885-1952 » préparée par l'auteur à la demande du Ministère, et reproduite ici avec
sa permission.
La thématisation de l’hôtel New York de Disneyland Paris à l’épreuve de la satisfaction de la clientèle
Authors: BODET Guillaume , ANABA-EBANDA Valéry , BOUCHET Patrick 
Published: October 2017

Les hébergements touristiques ont connu une profonde mutation avec notamment une orientation par la production de contextes expérientiels qui soit constituent l’offre proprement dite, soit servent à mieux positionner cette offre vis-à-vis de la concurrence. L’objet de cette recherche est donc de mesurer l’influence des services (fonctionnels versus expérientiels) offerts par un hôtel haut de gamme thématisé et situé dans un parc d’attractions sur la satisfaction de la clientèle. Pour ce faire, nous avons utilisé le modèle tétraclasse de Sylvie Llosa auprès d’un échantillon de 9053 clients résidant à l’hôtel New York (4 étoiles) de Disneyland Paris. Les résultats montrent que la chambre apparaît comme le seul élémentclé et que les services « fonctionnels » liés au standing de l’hôtel (réception, repas, informations…) prédominent par rapport aux services expérientiels (activités récréatives, boutique…) dans la satisfaction. Ainsi, le contexte « American Way of Life » créé dans cet hôtel influence peu la clientèle essentiellement centrée sur des services fonctionnels pour récupérer de l’hyperstimulation du parc à thème. Ces résultats suggèrent une modification du contexte expérientiel offert autour du « bien dormir » avec la prise en compte de variables plus sensorielles dans l’offre et l’analyse de la satisfaction.
The Issue of Disciplinarity and Non-disciplinarity of Tourism Studies
Authors: BUTOWSKI Leszek 
Published: October 2017

This paper is devoted to the developments concerning the issue of disciplinarity and non-disciplinarity of tourism studies. The topic is embedded in a wider context of the academic identity of the community of tourism researchers. As the theoretical foundations for the discussion some concepts of non-classical sociology of science (rooted in Thomas Kuhn’s theory of development of science and ideas of the “Strong Programme”) were used. In order to analyze the problem theoretically and empirically, a three-stage research framework was adopted, commencing with a directed review of Anglo-American and Francophone literature, followed by a survey of a purposeful sample of tourism academics and concluding with a further analysis of the literature, this time confronting empirical findings with the identified scholars’ stances. The empirical research included a survey carried out among approximately 270 scholars of tourism from almost 50 countries from all the continents.
L’aubaine et la réparation. Deux figurations du viol dans les nouvelles et les contes, de Cervantès à Diderot
Authors: Sermain Jean-Paul 
Published: October 2017

La loi d’Ancien Régime suppose que la femme peut toujours résister aux tentatives de viol ; la littérature de fiction suggère le contraire ; l’examen d’un corpus de nouvelles et de contes principalement (de Cervantès à Aulnoy, Murat, Perrault, Tencin) montre que l’homme est prêt à profiter de toute situation de faiblesse de la femme pour se contenter, et que la victime peut remédier à cette défaillance en obtenant le mariage : elle rétablit un lien humain déchiré par la brutalité de l’appétit.
Successful Sampling Strategy Advances Laboratory Studies of NMR Logging in Unconsolidated Aquifers
Authors: Behroozmand Ahmad A. , Knight Rosemary , Müller‐Petke Mike , Auken Esben , Barfod Adrian A. S. , Ferré Ty P. A. , Vilhelmsen Troels N. , Johnson Carole D. , Christiansen Anders V. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique has become popular in groundwater studies because it responds directly to the presence and mobility of water in a porous medium. There is a need to conduct laboratory experiments to aid in the development of NMR hydraulic conductivity models, as is typically done in the petroleum industry. However, the challenge has been obtaining high‐quality laboratory samples from unconsolidated aquifers. At a study site in Denmark, we employed sonic drilling, which minimizes the disturbance of the surrounding material, and extracted twelve 7.6 cm diameter samples for laboratory measurements. We present a detailed comparison of the acquired laboratory and logging NMR data. The agreement observed between the laboratory and logging data suggests that the methodologies proposed in this study provide good conditions for studying NMR measurements of unconsolidated near‐surface aquifers. Finally, we show how laboratory sample size and condition impact the NMR measurements.
Revisiting the Cause of the 1989–2009 Arctic Surface Warming Using the Surface Energy Budget: Downward Infrared Radiation Dominates the Surface Fluxes
Authors: Lee Sukyoung , Gong Tingting , Feldstein Steven B. , Screen James A. , Simmonds Ian 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe Arctic has been warming faster than elsewhere, especially during the cold season. According to the leading theory, ice‐albedo feedback warms the Arctic Ocean during the summer, and the heat gained by the ocean is released during the winter, causing the cold‐season warming. Screen and Simmonds (2010; SS10) concluded that the theory is correct by comparing trend patterns in surface air temperature (SAT), surface turbulence heat flux (HF), and net surface infrared radiation (IR). However, in this comparison, downward IR is more appropriate to use. By analyzing the same data used in SS10 using the surface energy budget, it is shown here that over most of the Arctic the skin temperature trend, which closely resembles the SAT trend, is largely accounted for by the downward IR, not the HF, trend.
Quantifying the Role of Snowmelt in Stream Discharge in an Alaskan Watershed: An Analysis Using a Spatially Distributed Surface Hydrology Model
Authors: Liao Chang , Zhuang Qianlai 
Published: October 2017

This study uses a spatially distributed surface hydrology model to investigate the role of snowmelt in stream discharge for the Tanana Flats Basin in interior Alaska. The Parameter ESTimation code is used to calibrate the model with observed stream discharge data. The model was further evaluated using remote sensing‐based snow cover product and in situ snowpack water equivalent (SWE) observations. A 36 year (1980–2015) U.S. Geological Survey Precipitation‐Runoff Modeling System simulation shows (1) the monthly stream discharge from the Tanana Flats Basin in April decreased by 44%; (2) snow cover area at high altitudes (above 2000 m) decreased in summer, both SWE and snowmelt also decreased significantly, especially in spring; (3) the timings of snowmelt onset and ending shifted by 2 (earlier) and 5 (later) days per decade, respectively; and (4) snowmelt accounts for 40% of the annual stream discharge. This study provides a quantitative tool to investigating hydrological systems considering the impacts of snow dynamics in cold regions. This study also suggests that future warming will further decrease snow coverage, advance snow melting time, and hereafter change the stream discharge dynamics in the Arctic.
Transcriptomics: Next Generation Transcriptome
Authors: Johnson Nicole V. , Wang Zhong 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The development of next‐generation sequencing technologies has revolutionized transcriptomics with RNA‐Sequencing (RNA‐Seq). Compared to previous technologies based on first‐generation sequencing and microarray‐based platforms, RNA‐Seq has superior accuracy and precision in quantifying transcript abundance, as well as discovering novel transcriptome features. Specific RNA‐Seq experimental protocols have been developed to profile distinct RNA species including mRNA, small and large noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs. However, analyzing the large volume RNA‐Seq data, navigating through many different bioinformatics tools for a single analysis task, and the evolving sequencing technologies all pose serious challenges to embrace this cutting‐edge technology. In this chapter, we aim to provide a brief “survival guide” for RNA‐Seq analysis and its applications. We will first introduce the concept of transcriptomics, followed by a short evolutionary history of technologies developed for transcriptomics. Then, we will provide detailed discussions about RNA‐Seq experimental design and data analysis, with a special focus on the analysis aspect. At the end of this chapter, we will show a couple of examples of applying RNA‐Seq in translational medicine to identify new drug targets and develop novel therapeutics.
Photocatalyzing CO2 to CO for Enhanced Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zheng Di‐Wei , Li Bin , Li Chu‐Xin , Xu Lu , Fan Jin‐Xuan , Lei Qi , Zhang Xian‐Zheng 
Published: October 2017

AbstractContinuous exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) can sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapy while protect normal cells from apoptosis. The Janus face of CO thus provides an ideal strategy for cancer therapy. Here, a photocatalytic nanomaterial (HisAgCCN) is introduced to transform endogenous CO2 to CO for improving cancer therapy in vivo. The CO production rate of HisAgCCN reaches to 65 µmol h−1 gmat−1, which can significantly increase the cytotoxicity of anticancer drug (doxorubicin, DOX) by 70%. Interestingly, this study finds that HisAgCCN can enhance mitochondria biogenesis and aggravate oxidative stress in cancer cells, whereas protect normal cells from chemotherapy‐induced apoptosis as well. Proteomics and metabolomics studies reveal that HisAgCCN can enhance mitochondria biogenesis and aggravate oxidative stress in cancer cells specifically. In vivo studies indicate that HisAgCCN/DOX combination therapy presents a synergetic tumor inhibition, which might provide a new direction for clinical cancer therapy.
Black Phosphorus: Synthesis and Application for Solar Cells
Authors: Batmunkh Munkhbayar , Bat‐Erdene Munkhjargal , Shapter Joseph G. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFew‐layer ultrathin nanosheets and ultrasmall quantum dots of black phosphorus (BP) have attracted increasing research interest due to their fascinating properties including a tunable bandgap, high carrier mobility, and ambipolar conduction ability. These excellent properties together with their unique structures make BP derivatives promising candidates for a wide range of device applications. In this research news, the latest advancements in the synthesis, properties, and applications of BP and its derivatives are highlighted. In particular, the focus is on the use of these rising star materials for emerging solar cells, in terms of both theoretical predictions and experimental investigations. Finally, the authors' personal perspectives on potential future research directions are provided.
Core–Shell Aluminum@Carbon Nanospheres for Dual‐Ion Batteries with Excellent Cycling Performance under High Rates
Authors: Tong Xuefeng , Zhang Fan , Chen Guanghai , Liu Xinyu , Gu Lin , Tang Yongbing 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDual‐ion battery (DIB) has been proposed as a novel energy storage device with the merits of high safety, low cost and environmental friendliness. Herein, we have developed core/shell aluminum@carbon nanospheres (nAl@C) as anode material for DIB. The nanoscale framework is composed of an Al nanosphere and an amorphous carbon outer layer that is conductive and protective, facilitating the formation of a stable SEI film during cycling. Owing to the core‐shell structural design, the nAl@C nanospheres demonstrate significantly enhanced electrochemical performance in a nAl@C‐graphite DIB. The DIB exhibites high rate performance as well as superior cycling stability with a capacity of 88 mA h g‐1 with 94.6% capacity retention and high Coulombic efficiency (> 99.5%) after 1000 cycles at a high current rate of 15 C. In addition, the nAl@C‐G DIB deliveres an ultrahigh specific energy of 148 W h kg‐1 at a high power density of 3701 W kg‐1, which is much better than most commercial lithium‐ion batteries.
An anatomical and mechanical analysis of the douc monkey (genus Pygathrix), and its role in understanding the evolution of brachiation
Authors: Byron C. D. , Granatosky M. C. , Covert H. H. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectivesPygathrix is an understudied Asian colobine unusual among the Old World monkeys for its use of arm‐swinging. Little data exists on the anatomy and mechanics of brachiation in this genus. Here, we consider this colobine to gain insight into the parallel evolution of suspensory behavior in primates.Materials and methodsThis study compares axial and appendicular morphological variables of Pygathrix with other Asian colobines. Additionally, to assess the functional consequences of Pygathrix limb anatomy, kinematic and kinetic data during arm‐swinging are included to compare the douc monkey to other suspensory primates (Ateles and Hylobates).ResultsCompared to more pronograde species, Pygathrix and Nasalis share morphology consistent with suspensory locomotion such as its narrower scapulae and elongated clavicles. More distally, Pygathrix displays a gracile humerus, radius, and ulna, and shorter olecranon process. During suspensory locomotion, Pygathrix, Ateles, and Hylobates all display mechanical convergence in limb loading and movements of the shoulder and elbow, but Pygathrix uses pronated wrist postures that include substantial radial deviation during arm‐swinging.DiscussionThe adoption of arm‐swinging represents a major shift within at least three anthropoid clades and little data exist about its transition. Across species, few mechanical differences are observed during arm‐swinging. Apparently, there are limited functional solutions to the challenges associated with moving bimanually below branches, especially in more proximal forelimb regions. Morphological data support this idea that the Pygathrix distal forelimb differs from apes more than its proximal end. These results can inform other studies of ape evolution, the pronograde to orthograde transition, and the convergent ways in which suspensory locomotion evolved in primates.
Construction of Discrete Pentanuclear Platinum(II) Stacks with Extended Metal–Metal Interactions by Using Phosphorescent Platinum(II) Tweezers
Authors: Kong Fred Ka‐Wai , Chan Alan Kwun‐Wa , Ng Maggie , Low Kam‐Hung , Yam Vivian Wing‐Wah 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDiscrete pentanuclear PtII stacks were prepared by the host‐guest adduct formation between multinuclear tweezer‐type PtII complexes. The formation of the PtII stacks in solution was accompanied by color changes and the turning on of near‐infrared emission resulting from Pt⋅⋅⋅Pt and π–π interactions. The X‐ray crystal structure revealed the formation of a discrete 1:1 adduct, in which a linear stack of five PtII centers with extended Pt⋅⋅⋅Pt interactions was observed. Additional binding affinity and stability have been achieved through a multinuclear host‐guest system. The binding behaviors can be fine‐tuned by varying the spacer between the two PtII moieties in the guests. This work provides important insights for the construction of discrete higher‐order supramolecular metal‐ligand aggregates using a tweezer‐directed approach.