bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intralesional cryotherapy for hypertrophic scars and keloids: a review
Authors: O’Boyle Ciaran P , Shayan-Arani Holleh , Hamada Maha Wagdy 
Published: April 2017

Introduction: Hypertrophic and keloid scarring remain notoriously troublesome for patients to tolerate and frustratingly difficult for clinicians to treat. Many different treatment modalities exist, signifying the failure of any method to achieve consistently excellent results. Intralesional cryotherapy is a relatively recent development that uses a double lumen needle, placed through the core of a keloid or hypertrophic scar, to deliver nitrogen vapour, which freezes the scar from its core, outwards. Methods: This article provides a comprehensive review of the literature on intralesional cryotherapy for hypertrophic scars and keloids. A systematic review or meta-analysis was not possible, since the existing articles did not permit this. Results: A search of English language, peer-reviewed literature was carried out. The evidence base was found to be low (level 4). In addition, much of the published evidence comes from a very few groups. Despite this, consistent findings from case series suggest that the technique is safe and achieves good scar reduction with very few treatments. Adverse effects include depigmentation, recurrence and pain. Pain and recurrence appear to be uncommon and depigmentation may be temporary. Discussion: Well-constructed, prospectively recruited comparative trials are absent from the literature. These are strongly encouraged, in order to strengthen general confidence in this technique and in the repeatability of outcomes reported thus far.
Tape Versus Suture in Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: Biomechanical Analysis and Assessment of Failure Rates at 6 Months
Authors: Liu Rui Wen , Lam Patrick Hong , Shepherd Henry M. , Murrell George A. C. 
Published: April 2017

Background: Rotator cuff retears after surgical repair are associated with poorer subjective and objectives clinical outcomes than intact repairs. Purpose: The aims of this study were to (1) examine the biomechanical differences between rotator cuff repair using No. 2 suture and tape in an ovine model and (2) compare early clinical outcomes between patients who had rotator cuff repair with tape and patients who had repair with No. 2 suture. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study and cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Biomechanical testing of footprint contact pressure and load to failure were conducted with 16 ovine shoulders using a tension band repair technique with 2 different types of sutures (No. 2 suture [FiberWire; Arthrex] and tape [FiberTape; Arthrex]) with the same knotless anchor system. A retrospective study of 150 consecutive patients (tape, n = 50; suture, n = 100) who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair by a single surgeon with tear size larger than 1.5 × 1 cm was conducted. Ultrasound was used to evaluate the repair integrity at 6 months postsurgery. Results: Rotator cuff repair using tape had greater footprint contact pressure (mean ± standard error of the mean, 0.33 ± 0.03 vs 0.11 ± 0.3 MPa; P < .0001) compared with repair using No. 2 sutures at 0° abduction with a 30-N load applied across the repaired tendon. The ultimate failure load of the tape repair was greater than that for suture repair (217 ± 28 vs 144 ± 14 N; P < .05). The retear rate was similar between the tape (16%; 8/50) and suture groups (17%; 17/100). Conclusion: Rotator cuff repair with the wider tape compared with No. 2 suture did not affect the retear rate at 6 months postsurgery, despite having superior biomechanical properties.
Surgical Detachment of the Anterior Hyaloid Membrane From the Posterior Lens Capsule
Authors: Chen Yicheng , Shah Vaishali , Jeroudi Abdallah M. , Blinder Kevin J. , Shah Gaurav K. 
Published: April 2017

Purpose: To describe 2 techniques facilitating the potentially challenging removal of the anterior hyaloid during phakic pars plana vitrectomy. Methods: Observational surgical series describing the 2 techniques. The hydrodissection technique applies an injection of balanced salt solution into the anterior chamber to displace the anterior hyaloid posteriorly for facile removal. The bubble technique is a novel method that utilizes air bubbles to visualize the anterior vitreous, allowing closer placement of the vitrectomy cutter to facilitate anterior hyaloid removal. Results: Both techniques were successful for the safe, efficient removal of the anterior vitreous. Conclusion: Removal of the anterior vitreous in a phakic patient is a difficult maneuver which may lead to potential damage to the lens. The hydrodissection and bubble techniques may be used to efficiently and safely remove the anterior vitreous.
Factors associated with lingual tonsil hypertrophy in Canadian adults
Authors: Harris Matthew S. , Rotenberg Brian W. , Roth Kathryn , Sowerby Leigh J. 
Published: April 2017

Background Hypertrophy of the lingual tonsil tissue in the adult patient is thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnea. The underlying etiology of lingual tonsil hypertrophy (LTH) in the adult patient is unclear and likely multifactorial. Previous studies have suggested that the lingual tonsils may undergo compensatory hyperplasia post-tonsillectomy in children, although it is unknown if this occurs or persists into adulthood. The purpose of this study was to determine what factors are associated with LTH in a population of Canadian adults. Methods Adult patients presenting for consultation to an academic Rhinology/General Otolaryngology practice were eligible for enrollment. Demographic data including age, body mass index (BMI), Reflux Symptom Index (RSI), history of allergy, and history of tonsillectomy was collected via questionnaire. Endoscopic photographs of the base of tongue and larynx were captured. These were graded for LTH and Reflux Finding Scale (RFS) by blinded examiners. Statistical analysis was performed by comparing the mean LTH value to the variables of interest using two-tailed T-test. P < .05 was considered significant. Results One hundred two subjects were enrolled. Age ranged from 18 to 78. 28 patients had previous tonsillectomy. This was not associated with a significant increase in lingual tonsil tissue ( r = −0.05, p = 0.61). RFS >7 or RSI >13 was considered positive for laryngopharyngeal reflux. There was no difference in LTH based on RSI positivity ( p = 0.44). RFS positivity correlated with increased lingual tonsil tissue ( p < 0.05). BMI >30 was associated with increased lingual tonsil hypertrophy ( p < 0.05). Conclusions An elevated body mass index and positive Reflux Finding Score are associated with lingual tonsil hypertrophy in adults. Reflux symptom index, history of allergy and history of childhood tonsillectomy are not associated with LTH.
FUNDING OF MEDICAL SCIENCE IN RUSSIA WITHIN AS PART OF STATE PROGRAMS
Authors: ��������  , Nefedova Elena , ������  , Perkhov Vladimir , ����������  , Starodubov Vladimir , ����������  , Kolesnikov Sergey 
Published: April 2017

The aim of the research was to reveal main problems associated with the use of state programs funding mechanisms
for basic research in health (medical) sciences in Russia, as main instruments of state policy.
The source of information were �State Academies of Sciences Program of basic investigations for the period of 2013�2020
years� and other normative and legal acts in the sphere of planning and public financing of science and research. A study
completed by using documentary, analytical methods, as well as methods of descriptive statistics and expert estimates.
In analyzing financing from the federal budget for scientific research for civilian use within government programs
calculations section, subsection of the budget classification, reflecting expenditure on scientific research (0110, 0112,
0208, 0313, 0403, 0411, 0504, 0604, 0708, 0803, 0908, 1005, 1104, 1203).
Feature of the current situation is in an indeterminate state basic science after the liquidation of the Russian Academy
of Sciences as a structure that generates through subordinate organizations the bulk of new knowledge and innovation
in the country. Reform of the Russian Academy of Sciences led to the destruction of a coherent system of relations
in science, to the Federal agency of scientific organizations for management of resources, Ministry of Education and
Science and Russian academy of Sciences. Strict rationality and bureaucracy was extremely negatively perceived in
academic science. The analysis of the subject structure of the medical unit actualized in 2015 of the Program of basic
research of the state academies of sciences for the period of 2013�2020 showed that the distribution of the federal
budget for basic research are not consistent with the priorities in the health sector, it does not account for changes in
departmental affiliation Organizations of Medical Sciences.
The authors prove the necessity of functional and managerial integration of academic medical institutions in the
unified system of scientific research, creation and implementation of medical innovations into practical health care.
CHANGE OF APPROACH TO USING INTRA-AORTIC BALLOON COUNTERPULSATION IN COMBINED CARDIAC SURGERY
Authors: Бахарева  , Bakhareva Yuliya , Муравская  , Muravskaya Anna , Надирадзе  , Nadiradze Zurab , Михайлов  , Mikhaylov Aleksey 
Published: April 2017

Perioperative acute myocardial dysfunction is an actual problem of cardiac surgery. Rational use of inotropes and
mechanical circulatory support in the postoperative period remains a subject of debate. The outcomes of the combined
coronary artery bypass grafting and heart valve prosthesis were analyzed in Irkutsk Cardiac Surgery Center after 80 patients
were operated on. As a result of the conducted research, authors proposed a method of differentiated approach
to the treatment of acute heart failure in the early postoperative period. Failure to escalate therapy beta agonists in
the absence of adequate response hemodynamics and the transition to a mechanical circulatory support improves
performance of the cardiovascular system and clinical outcomes, reduces hospitalization duration in the department
of intensive therapy. The study showed the superiority of an early beginning of an intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation
before traditional inotropic therapy in the treatment of postcardiotomy heart failure at combined cardiac surgery.
Mechanism and Network Design with Private Negative Externalities
Authors: Belloni Alexandre , Deng Changrong , Pekeč Saša 
Published: April 2017

A revenue-maximizing monopolist is selling a single indivisible good to buyers who face a loss if any of its rival buyers obtain it. The rivalry is modeled through a network, an arc between a pair of buyers indicates that a buyer considers another buyer its rival, and the magnitude of the loss is the private information of each buyer. This loss-exposure due to competitive considerations can be viewed as a negative externality. First, using a Myersonian approach we derive the monopolist’s optimal mechanism for any given network. Second, we show that revenues depend on the network structure. Thus, in applications where it is possible, the monopolist might consider designing not only the mechanism but also the network (if not fully, at least partially). Third, we provide and fully describe the solution to the monopolist’s market design problem; that is, the joint network and mechanism design problem. Specifically, despite the nonmonotone impact of additional competition on the monopolist’s revenues, we determine revenue-maximizing rivalry networks (which in turn induce optimal mechanisms) and show that they are independent of distributional assumptions on buyers’ independent private loss values, provided virtual values are bounded from zero. We achieve these results under different restrictions on the network structure and formation. When rivalry is symmetric, matchings are optimal (with at most one path on three vertices). Thus, a market with a fragmented network structure yields higher revenues for the monopolist than a market with a completely connected network structure. However, asymmetric competitive relationships among buyers generate higher revenues than symmetric ones. The optimal asymmetric networks are characterized by (i) every buyer having at least one rival and (ii) the existence of a buyer not considered a rival by anyone. The electronic companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2016.1585 .
Can paramedics avoid A&E departments with patients complaining of non-traumatic chest pain?
Authors: Best Pete 
Published: April 2017

The ‘Paramedic Pathfinder’, a triage tool for paramedics, contains a discriminator for patients complaining of non-traumatic chest pain. The pathfinder advises all patients with non-traumatic chest pain to be taken to hospital. Given a background of large numbers of patients complaining of chest pain and the policy direction of UK ambulance services to treat patients closer to home, the inclusion of discriminator in the pathfinder can be challenged.A greater understanding of ACS, university education for paramedics, bedside troponin measurement, ACS risk scoring, current NICE guidelines and rapid access chest pain clinics have been identified as enablers to remove the discriminator safely and assist paramedics in finding suitable alternatives to Accident and Emergency for certain patients.Risk is an important factor in discussing chest pain and establishing the best pathway for patients. The enablers identified need further testing and development in the pre-hospital environment before they can be utilised.
Rapid and Recent Evolution of LTR Retrotransposons Drives Rice Genome Evolution During the Speciation of AA-Genome Oryza Species
Authors: Zhang Qun-Jie , Gao Li-Zhi 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The dynamics of long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons and their contribution to genome evolution during plant speciation have remained largely unanswered. Here, we perform a genome-wide comparison of all eight Oryza AA-genome species, and identify 3911 intact LTR retrotransposons classified into 790 families. The top 44 most abundant LTR retrotransposon families show patterns of rapid and distinct diversification since the species split over the last ∼4.8 MY (million years). Phylogenetic and read depth analyses of 11 representative retrotransposon families further provide a comprehensive evolutionary landscape of these changes. Compared with Ty1-copia, independent bursts of Ty3-gypsy retrotransposon expansions have occurred with the three largest showing signatures of lineage-specific evolution. The estimated insertion times of 2213 complete retrotransposons from the top 23 most abundant families reveal divergent life histories marked by speedy accumulation, decline, and extinction that differed radically between species. We hypothesize that this rapid evolution of LTR retrotransposons not only divergently shaped the architecture of rice genomes but also contributed to the process of speciation and diversification of rice.
Whole-Genome Sequence of the Metastatic PC3 and LNCaP Human Prostate Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Seim Inge , Jeffery Penny L , Thomas Patrick B , Nelson Colleen C , Chopin Lisa K 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe bone metastasis-derived PC3 and the lymph node metastasis-derived LNCaP prostate cancer cell lines are widely studied, having been described in thousands of publications over the last four decades. Here, we report short-read whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and de novo assembly of PC3 (ATCC CRL-1435) and LNCaP (clone FGC; ATCC CRL-1740) at ∼70 × coverage. A known homozygous mutation in TP53 and homozygous loss of PTEN were robustly identified in the PC3 cell line, whereas the LNCaP cell line exhibited a larger number of putative inactivating somatic point and indel mutations (and in particular a loss of stop codon events). This study also provides preliminary evidence that loss of one or both copies of the tumor suppressor Capicua (CIC) contributes to primary tumor relapse and metastatic progression, potentially offering a treatment target for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Our work provides a resource for genetic, genomic, and biological studies employing two commonly-used prostate cancer cell lines.
Inferring Demographic History Using Two-Locus Statistics
Authors: Ragsdale Aaron P , Gutenkunst Ryan N 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Population demographic history may be learned from contemporary genetic variation data. Methods based on aggregating the statistics of many single loci into an allele frequency spectrum (AFS) have proven powerful, but such methods ignore potentially informative patterns of linkage disequilibrium (LD) between neighboring loci. To leverage such patterns, we developed a composite-likelihood framework for inferring demographic history from aggregated statistics of pairs of loci. Using this framework, we show that two-locus statistics are more sensitive to demographic history than single-locus statistics such as the AFS. In particular, two-locus statistics escape the notorious confounding of depth and duration of a bottleneck, and they provide a means to estimate effective population size based on the recombination rather than mutation rate. We applied our approach to a Zambian population of Drosophila melanogaster. Notably, using both single- and two-locus statistics, we inferred a substantially lower ancestral effective population size than previous works and did not infer a bottleneck history. Together, our results demonstrate the broad potential for two-locus statistics to enable powerful population genetic inference.
Ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool in acute appendicitis: Rural setup
Authors: Lamani Yamanur P. , Goudar Bhimanagouda V. , Kalburgi Eshwar B. , Bhavi Bheemappa K. , Karikazi Mohmmedgouse 
Published: April 2017

Background: Despite technological advances the diagnosis of appendicitis is still based primarily clinical assessment. The diagnosis of atypical appendicitis remains clinically challenging and is one of the most commonly missed problems in the emergency department. Ultrasonography is highly operator dependent with a consequently wide reported sensitivity range.Methods: This is a prospective study conducted in the department of surgery. All patients with right lower abdominal pain, admitted to HSK hospital Bagalkot, in whom acute appendicitis was suspected were analysed from January 2013 to June 2014.Results: In the present study appendix was visualized in 85% of the patients and periappendiceal collection was found in 7% of patients. Faecolith was found only in 1 case. Out of these 74 cases were uncomplicated acute appendicitis. Perforated acute appendicitis was diagnosed in 6 cases. One case was diagnosed as appendicular abscess and 4 cases were diagnosed as chronic appendicitis. Based on clinical assessment 4 patients were subjected to surgery after 48hours.Conclusions: Graded compression US remains our first line method in rural setup in the evaluation of patients referred with clinically suspected acute appendicitis.
Dados e perspectivas na gestão de ideias: fatores internos e externos que influenciam de forma positiva a eficiência da gestão de ideias
Authors: Thom Norbert 
Published: April 2017

Há quatro décadas que o Prof. Dr. Norbert Thom interessa-se pelo Betriebliches Vorschlagswesen (BVW), sistema empresarial de sugestões e seu desenvolvimento à atual gestão de ideias, Ideenmanagement (IM). Tanto na Alemanha como naSuíça, ele realizou um grande número de estudos empíricos com seus assistentes e estudantes. Um processo de pesquisa de longo prazo refletiu persistentemente sobre uma questão central: Como será possível motivar o maior número de trabalhadores a contribuir, por meio de ideias construtivas e criativas, para o aperfeiçoamentocontínuo de processos e atividades empresariais?
Perinatal impact of cesarean delivery on maternal request compared with vaginal delivery among low-risk pregnancies in a university hospital: a prospective observational study in Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Sarmiento-Rodríguez Luis Andrés , Mendivil Anaya Carlos O. , Casasbuenas-Salcedo Alexandra , Pérez-Zauner Ana María , Angarita-Africano Ana Milena 
Published: April 2017

Objetivo: existe evidencia insuficiente sobre el impacto de la cesárea por solicitud materna (CSM); este estudio evalúa el efecto de la CSM en los múltiples desenlaces maternos y neonatales comparando CSM con parto vaginal entre embarazos de bajo riesgo. Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional prospectivo que incluyó mujeres entre 18 y 45 años de edad, con un embarazo a término y de bajo riesgo, que tuvieron parto entre junio de 2008 y abril de 2012 en un hospital universitario en Bogotá, Colombia. Se comparó la ocurrencia de cualquiera de 5 eventos adversos maternos preespecificados, y de cualquiera de 17 eventos neonatales preespecificados, entre CSM y partos vaginales. Los partos vaginales inducidos fueron analizados separadamente. Todas las mujeres recibieron el mismo cuidado estandarizado. El efecto de variables confusoras se ajustó mediante regresión logística múltiple.Resultados: se incluyeron 214 mujeres con CSM, 341 con parto vaginal espontáneo (PVE) y 376 con parto vaginal inducido (PVI). Respecto al grupo PVE, el OR ajustado del desenlace materno fue 0,21 (IC 95 %: 0,05-0,97) en el grupo CSM y 0,93 (IC 95%: 0,42-2,06) en el grupo PVI. Los OR del desenlace neonatal fueron 0,59 (IC95%: 0,36-0,93) para CSM y 0,84 (IC95%: 0,59-1,21) para PVI. La frecuencia de hospitalización del neonato más baja fue en el grupo de CSM (10,3 % frente a 15,8 % para PVE, 16,2 % para PVI).Conclusiones: en pacientes con embarazo de bajo riesgo que ingresaron a un protocolo estándar de cuidado obstétrico, CSM se acompañó de una menor tasa de eventos adversos perinatales respecto al parto vaginal espontáneo. Sin embargo, se requieren estudios que evalúen la seguridad de CSM en el largo plazo.
Política de Investigação Científica para a Saúde em Portugal: II – Factos e Sugestões
Authors: Guerreiro Cátia Sá , Hartz Zulmira , Sambo Luís , Conceição Cláudia , Dussault Gilles , Russo Giuliano , Viveiros Miguel , Silveira Henrique , Pita Barros Pedro , Ferrinho Paulo 
Published: April 2017

Tendo Portugal superado o atraso científico estrutural vivido até há cerca de três décadas, a análise desta matéria à luz das políticas de investigação definidas a nível global e europeu mostra que há ainda um longo caminho a percorrer quando se fala em investimento global em Investigação & Desenvolvimento. A investigação para a saúde em Portugal tem tido tutela partilhada entre a Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia e o Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, sendo que esta matéria não tem sido uma prioridade - a realidade demonstra a não existência de um plano de investigação científica para a saúde em Portugal, o qual possa pôr em franca articulação os diferentes atores intervenientes. As orientações estratégias do Plano Nacional de Saúde 2004 - 2010 são as que mais se aproximam de uma política de investigação para a saúde para Portugal sem que, no entanto, as questões então abordadas tenham sido desenvolvidas de uma forma abrangente ou, à posteriori, implementadas pelas instituições que têm responsabilidades sobre a investigação científica no setor da saúde. Na convicção de que adoptar uma estratégia de incentivo à investigação para a saúde consiste uma mais-valia para o sistema de saúde português, os autores propõem neste trabalho cinco sugestões estratégicas em matérias de investigação para a saúde em Portugal.