bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modern Trends in Western Criticism
Authors: Bano Dr Fazeelat , Ali Muhammad Tahir 
Published: September 2024

Westren New Criticism was a formalist movement in literary theory. New criticism developed as a reaction to the older philological and literary history that dominated literary criticism in the middle decades of the 20th century, which focused on the history and meaning of individual words and their relation to foreign and ancient languages, comparative sources, and the biographical circumstances of the others. The new critics felt that this approach tended to distract from the text and meaning of a poem and entirely neglect its aesthetic qualities in favor of teaching about external factors. New criticism believed the structure and meaning of the text were intimately connected and should not be analyzed separately. In order to bring the focus of literary studies back to analysis of the texts. The new critics also looked for paradox, paradox, ambiguity, irony, and tension to help establish the single best and most unified interpretation of the text.
Reference:

Sajjad Baqir Rizvi, Dr, Critical Principles of the West, Islamabad: Moqtadra Qaumi Language, 2002, p: 7
Atiqullah, Professor, The Tradition of Criticism in the Maghreb, Lahore: Haqq Publications, 2018, p: 402
Ibid
Asghar Ali Baloch, Dr, Essay, A Brief Review of Some Important Critical Schools, Content: Criticism Past, Present and Future, Author: Dr. Mushtaq Adil, Sahiwal: Farogh Zaban Publishers, p: 84
Atiqullah, Professor, The Tradition of Criticism in the West, pp. 243-244
Ibid
Jameel Jalbi, Ph.D., Eliot's Essays, Contents, From Aristotle to Eliot, Islamabad: National Book Foundation, 2015, P.: 178
Salim Akhtar, Dr, Creative Personalities and Criticism, Lahore: Milestone Publications, 1989, p: 513
. Zirmunskij, Voprosy Teorie, Literary {Leningrad}1928, pp.8-9
Hamid Kashmiri, Dr, Tafheem wa Naqeed, Critical Essays, Lahore: Famous Book Depot, S.N, p:621
North Roop Fry, Objections to New Criticism, Lahore: Modern Publications House, 2020, p: 34
Roland Barthes, Objections to New Criticism, Preston University Press, p.71
Decision-making techniques based on aggregation operators and similarity measures under q-rung orthopair hesitant fuzzy connection numbers and their application
Authors: Hassan Khawar , Shaheen Tanzeela , Ali Wajid , Haq Iftikhar Ul , Bibi Nadia , Adak Amal Kumar 
Published: September 2024

The concept of q-rung orthopair hesitant fuzzy set represents an advancement and extension of hesitant fuzzy sets, encompassing both fuzzy sets and q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets. q-rung orthopair hesitant fuzzy set characterizes a set of membership and non-membership grades within the interval [0, 1], which enhances its adaptability compared to existing methods. This flexibility proves invaluable in providing more insightful data about various objects. The primary objective of this research is to introduce a decision-making technique in the context of q-RHF using the theory of set pair analysis (SPA). q-RHFS effectively handles ambiguous data by incorporating membership and non-membership grades, while the connection number (CN) based on SPA theory manages the intricacies of uncertainty and certainty structures by relying on "identity", "discrepancy" and "contrary" grades. Building on the relationship between q-RHFS and the connection number of set pair analysis, a comprehensive framework known as q-rung hesitant fuzzy connection number set (qHCNs) is developed. This model not only addresses uncertainty, but also offers valuable insights. Furthermore, this research introduces similarity measures derived from qHCN and examines their advantages through illustrative examples. Additionally, a novel approach to decision modeling utilizing these measures applied to medical diagnosis is also introduced. The application of this established model contributes to an effective approach and demonstrated its soundness and efficiency. In addition, a detailed comparative study is conducted with the existing models and advantages of proposed model. The research concludes with a summary of the authors' findings, highlighting the consistency and effectiveness of their work.
Antifeeding effect of some plant extracts on tobacco cutwormSpodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Jalal Haitham , Batool Hani Ezzulddine Al-Anssari  
Published: September 2024

????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ,??????? , ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? Spodoptera litura , ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? . ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? . ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????? 55.5, 51.4 , 51.3, 16.9, 10.9 % ??? ??????? , ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????? 59.7, 57.3, 59.3, 25.7,20.6 % ??? ??????? . ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? . ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? Atropine , Xanthine ????????? ???? ????? 0.943 , 0.947 ??? ??????? , ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ??? Galic acid , Rutine , ???? ????? 0.860 , 0.864 ??? ??????? . ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? .
Gender disparities and woman-specific trends in Barrett’s esophagus in the United States: An 11-year nationwide population-based study
Authors: Fatakhova Karina , Inayat Faisal , Ali Hassam , Patel Pratik , Rehman Attiq Ur , Afzal Arslan , Sarfraz Muhammad , Sarfraz Shiza , Nawaz Gul , Chaudhry Ahtshamullah , Dhillon Rubaid , Dilibe Arthur , Glazebnik Benjamin , Jones Lindsey , Glazer Emily 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND
Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a known premalignant precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). The prevalence rates continue to rise in the United States, but many patients who are at risk of EAC are not screened. Current practice guidelines include male gender as a predisposing factor for BE and EAC. The population-based clinical evidence regarding female gender remains limited.
AIM
To study comparative trends of gender disparities in patients with BE in the United States.
METHODS
A nationwide retrospective study was conducted using the 2009-2019 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. Patients with a primary or secondary diagnosis code of BE were identified. The major outcome of interest was determining the gender disparities in patients with BE. Trend analysis for respective outcomes for females was also reported to ascertain any time-based shifts.
RESULTS
We identified 1204190 patients with BE for the study period. Among the included patients, 717439 (59.6%) were men and 486751 (40.4%) were women. The mean age was higher in women than in men (67.1 ± 0.4 vs 66.6 ± 0.3 years, P < 0.001). The rate of BE per 100000 total NIS hospitalizations for males increased from 144.6 in 2009 to 213.4 in 2019 (P < 0.001). The rate for females increased from 96.8 in 2009 to 148.7 in 2019 (P < 0.001). There was a higher frequency of obesity among women compared to men (17.4% vs 12.6%, P < 0.001). Obesity prevalence among females increased from 12.3% in 2009 to 21.9% in 2019 (P < 0.001). A lower prevalence of smoking was noted in women than in men (20.8% vs 35.7%, P < 0.001). However, trend analysis showed an increasing prevalence of smoking among women, from 12.9% in 2009 to 30.7% in 2019 (P < 0.001). Additionally, there was a lower prevalence of alcohol abuse, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori ), and diabetes mellitus among females than males (P < 0.001). Trend analysis showed an increasing prevalence of alcohol use disorder and a decreasing prevalence of H. pylori and diabetes mellitus among women (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of BE among women has steadily increased from 2009 to 2019. The existing knowledge concerning BE development has historically focused on men, but our findings show that the risk in women is not insignificant.
Preservative Effects of Ageratum conyzoides leaves essential oil on Farm-Mixed Poultry Feed
Authors: Ngwa Evelyn , Brigitte Katte , Dayan Agwah Ebile , Nounamo Langston Wilfried Edie , Alexis Teguia 
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The reduced susceptibility of microorganisms to synthetic preservatives and consumer's demand for high-quality, and minimally processed green-label foods urged researchers to focus more on natural preservatives. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro and in sacco antifungal activities of Ageratum conyzoides leaves essential oil (EO) against Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, and Penicillium spp. in poultry feed.
Materials and methods: The poultry feed was stored for 30 days. The dilution plate method was then used to isolate the fungi present in the feed. The leaves of Ageratum conyzoides were collected and their EO was extracted using Steam distillations. The in vitro antifungal activity of EO (2.3; 3.4; 4.0; 4.5; 5.1 and 5.7; [µl/cm2]) was tested using the modified method, against the above fungi species during a 4-week of research. In sacco antifungal Screening of EO (5.7; 5.1; 4.5 and 4.0μl/Kg of feed) was done on poultry feed and kept for 10, 20, and 30 days.
Results: The most frequently isolated fungi in poultry feed was Penicillium spp. (84.07%). The smallest in vitro colony diameters were recorded by Aspergillus niger with 4µl of EO. The highest level of fungi growth reductions was recorded at 2.3µl of EO. Following 20 days of storage, 4.0µl of EO/kg of feed was shown to completely (100%) inhibit Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus terreus in the Sacco research. At 30 days of storage, there was no contamination in poultry feed especially in aspects of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus terreus. Penicillium sp. contamination in poultry feed decreased as the EO concentration increased.
Conclusion: The results of the current study indicated that Ageratum conyzoides leaves essential oil at the level of 4.0µl of EO/kg of feed had the highest prevention effects on fungus growth.
Effects of Carica Papaya Leaves and Fermented Fish Waste on the Production Performance of Broiler Chickens
Authors: Mulaw Berihun Asnakew 
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Poultry feed management requires novel dietary additives to enhance chicken performance and manage feed availability. The present study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of Carica papaya leaf meal (CPL) and fermented fish waste (FFW) in water on different growth indicators, such as body weight, carcass yield, feed intake, and conversion rate of Bovans brown male broiler chickens.
Materials and methods: A randomized complete block design with a 2x4 factorial arrangement was used to study the effect of the combination supplementation of the 10% CPL with FW at 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%. Both additives combination treatment was replicated four times with five broiler chicks per replication, a total of 160-day-old male Bovans brown broilers with 39-40g body weight were used in the current study. The duration of the study was 20 days (from the 16th to 35th days of age).
Results: Studies have revealed that CPL negatively impacted the final body weight, whereas FFW positively influenced feed intake, final weight, and weight gain. Moreover, 15% of FFW supplementation resulted in noteworthy increases in drumstick and thigh weights compared to the control group, with significant interactions identified between CPL and FFW for breast, wing, and back weights. However, neither CPL nor FFW had an impact on the weights of edible visceral organs. The palatability of meat quality assessment showed no significant difference among the treatments. Adding CPL and FFW increased weights and profits, with the best rate of intake observed in broilers given the standard diet plus 15% of FFW supplementation.
Conclusion: These results indicated that using CPL and FFW at 10% and 15%, respectively was a financially feasible approach to improve broiler development, carcass quality, and profitability while capitalizing on nutritional advantages and reducing environmental waste.
A MILLENNIUM OF ONE THOUSAND AND ONE NIGHTS
Authors: Milena Mileva Blažič  , Arburim Iseni  
Published: September 2024

No other work of Oriental literature has had such an influence on Europe as the collection of Arabic tales entitled One Thousand and One Nights. It was first translated from the Syrian original into French (Les Mille et Une Nuits, 1704–17) by the orientalist Antoine Galland and into English by Richard Burton (The Thousand Nights and a Night, 1885–88). The first Slovenian translation is an adaptation: the translator was Filip Lipe Haderlap, and the title was Tisoč in ena noč: pravljice iz jutrovih dežel (One Thousand and One Nights: Fairy Tales from the Lands of the East, 1880–91). It is a Christianized translation from German based on the Viennese edition (Max Habicht, Friedrich Heinrich von der Hagen, Carl Schall: Die Erzählungen der 1001 Nacht aus Tunesien. Arabische Erzahlungen [1825]). In the Slovenian adaptation, Scheherazade is called Lunica, Dinarezada Srebrnica, Sultan Shahryar is Riar, his brother Shahzeman is Senan, and the vizier is a minister. Makalonca (1944) by F. S. Finžgar was also taken from the Arabic collection entitled Zgodba o Kamar-al-Zamanu in kitajski princesi Badur (The Tale of Kamar al-Zaman and the Chinese Princess Badur), in Haderlap’s translation under the title Historija od princa Krasnobora in od Kitajske princezinje Milene (The History of Prince Krasnobor and of the Chinese Princess Milena). Slovenian readers are most familiar with individual fairy tales (Aladdin and the Magic Lamp, Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves, TheThief of Bagdad, The Magic Horse, Harun al-Rashid, The Fisherman and the Genie, Open Sesame, Sinbad the Sailor, TheThree Apples, etc.).
CRY FROM WITHIN: THE LIVED EXPERIENCES OF SME OWNERS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: James Harold G. Gaffud  , John Andrei C. Valenzuela  , Xeline Mae Bayaua  , Mark M. Sotto  , Keyzer Lane D. Sanchez  
Published: September 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has widely diverse effects on businesses worldwide, particularly Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) that began with debt and continue to operate with debt. Before the outbreak, SMEs have already difficulties managing their existing debts. Hence, this study was designed to identify the debt management strategies of SMEs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Qualitative-narratology research design was employed. In order to gather data, the researchers utilized semi-structured, in-depth interview to a sample of 10 SMEs owners from Santiago City selected through purposive sampling. The gathered data were analyzed though NVIvo. It was found out that due to indebtedness, SMEs experienced business shutdown, resorted to informal money lenders, insolvency, unsettled loans and repetitive borrowing while their coping mechanisms towards indebtedness were personal saving scheme, debt-settlement budget allocation, putting eggs in other baskets and responsibility and accountability. It was also found out that frugality, financial planning, working capital management and business liquidity management were their debt management strategies. While the factors attributing to these strategies were effective cash reserve handling, conservative credit management and discipline. The study recommends SMEs to restructure their budget, control their cash flow, maintain cash reserves and opt for debt consolidation loan.
Implementation of Halal Industry Policy as A Support for Halal Tourism In Lombok
Authors: Deby Angraini Ni Putu , Oka Martini Ida Ayu 
Published: September 2024

In recent years, Lombok has emerged as a leading halal tourist destination in Indonesia and globally, supported by halal policies aimed at attracting Muslim and local tourists. These policies, including the Regional Regulation of West Nusa Tenggara Province Number 2 of 2016 on Halal Tourism and Law Number 33 of 2014 on Halal Product Guarantee, have positively impacted the tourism industry. This study addresses three main questions: (1) How are halal industry policies implemented to support halal tourism in Lombok? (2) How has the halal industry developed to support this tourism? (3) What are the supporting and inhibiting factors in implementing these policies?. The research is descriptive with a qualitative approach, using primary data from interviews and secondary data from relevant documents. Purposive sampling was employed, targeting officials from the West Nusa Tenggara Provincial Tourism and Industry Offices, the Indonesian Ulema Council of West Nusa Tenggara, tourism business actors, MSMEs, foreign and domestic tourists, and local communities. Data collection involved interviews, observation, and documentation, with data analysis through reduction, collection, and summarization. The study finds that implementing halal industrial policies has increased Muslim tourist numbers and strengthened Lombok's image as a halal destination. However, challenges remain, such as developing specialized halal tourism areas according to regional regulations without disrupting conventional tourism, improving services, providing halal facilities, and offering education and training for industry players.
Laser Acupuncture and Local Laser Therapy in Veterinary Medicine with Overview of Applied Laser Types and Clinical Uses
Authors: Petermann Uwe 
Published: September 2024

Local laser therapy or low level laser therapy (LLLT) has been enjoying increased popularity in recent years in both human and veterinary medicine. It provides excellent healing in traumatized or infected tissue by increased energy (ATP) in diseased tissues which have high energy requirements, provides peroxide clearance and restructures abnormal dense connective tissue (e.g. in tendonitis). Acupuncture and LLLT are separate treatment modalities, but the synthesis of these two very effective therapies allows local healing of diseased tissue with LLLT supported by acupuncture as an autonomous regulating therapy. It is important to emphasize that the resulting “laser acupuncture” not only means the stimulation of the acupuncture point by the laser beam instead of the needle, but that the local tissue healing effect of increased ATP production by laser light supplements acupuncture as an integral part of the therapy. It is important to differentiate between the different types of lasers (continuous wave versus pulsed wave) and the different features that are associated with laser effects such as: wavelength, power output and resonance frequencies. When evaluating appropriate laser units for use in veterinary laser acupuncture, the pulsed lasers with a 90 watt pulse peak and 904 nm wavelength are featured as they achieve high penetration depth with sufficient application of laser photons in traumatized or infected tissue, without a thermal reaction in the tissue. For veterinary acupuncturists, the addition of low level laser therapy and laser acupuncture can be used in addition to any thinkable acupuncture treatment which gives additional options for achieving optimal results.
أثر الرشاقة الاستراتيجية في تحقيق الاستدامة التنظيمية: دراسة تطبيقية على الجامعات الأهلية اليمنية في أمانة العاصمة
Authors: علي عبدالله ثابت فرحان 
Published: September 2024

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف إلى مستوى الرشاقة الاستراتيجية والاستدامة التنظيمية في الجامعات الأهلية اليمنية، وتحديد أثر الرشاقة الاستراتيجية على الاستدامة التنظيمية، واعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، واستخدمت الدراسة الاستبانة أداة لجمع البيانات والمعلومات من أفراد عينة الدراسة، وأبرز النتائج التي توصلت اليها الدراسة هي أن الرشاقة الاستراتيجية والاستدامة التنظيمية سائدة بمستوى متوسط في الجامعات اليمنية، وأن هناك تأثيرًا لأبعاد الرشاقة الاستراتيجية على تحقيق الاستدامة التنظيمية في الجامعات اليمنية.
أثر تمكين العاملين في الإبداع الإداري في قطاع الاتصالات اليمنية
Authors: المطاع محمد أحمد محمد , المخلافي عبد العزيز محمد أحمد 
Published: September 2024

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحديد أثر تمكين العاملين في الإبداع الإداري في قطاع الاتصالات اليمنية، واستخدم الباحثان المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، ولجمع البيانات الميدانية اعتمدا على أداة الاستبانة، وكان حجم مجتمع الدراسة (4266) عنصراً، وتم أخذ عينة باستخدام أسلوب العينة العشوائية الطبقية تمثل حجمها ب(352) مفردة، وكانت أبرز نتائج الدراسة ما يلي :- إن مستوى تمكين العاملين في قطاع الاتصالات اليمنية من وجهة نظر العاملين إجمالاً كان متوسطاً؛ حيث حصل على متوسط حسابي مقداره (4.31) بانحراف معياري (0.87) وبنسبة (61.57%) كما بينت نتائج الدراسة أن مستوى توفر الإبداع الإداري في قطاع الاتصالات اليمنية من وجهة نظر العاملين كان مرتفعاً؛ حيث حصل على متوسط حسابي مقداره (4.83) بانحراف معياري (0.71) وبنسبة (69%) وبينت نتائج الدراسة أنه يوجد أثر ذو دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى دلالة (α≤0.05) لتمكين العاملين بأبعاده (تفويض السلطة، التدريب، التحفيز، فريق العمل، المشاركة في اتخاذ القرارات) في الإبداع الإداري في قطاع الاتصالات اليمنية، وأوصت الدراسة بضرورة تهيئة المناخ التنظيمي الملائم لتطبيق مفهوم التمكين الإداري وتطوير نظام حوافز يتسم بالعدالة والموضوعية، وتنظيم الدورات التدريبية لجميع العاملين وتحديثها باستمرار، وتوزيع العمل بشكل جماعي، وتقديم الدعم والمساعدة للعاملين وتشجيعهم على تبني الأفكار الجديدة وعدم التردد في تطبيقها وتحمل مسؤولية النتائج بغض النظر عن المخاطر، وتوعية الموظفين بأهمية موقعهم كعنصر مهم وفعال في الإدارة.
Usability of the Various Land Use Optimization Models for the Spatial Planning Purposes in the Republic of North Macedonia
Authors: Angelkovic Dusica Trpcevska , Blinkov Ivan 
Published: September 2024

The land use optimization process uses different models that generally belong to 2 groups: mathematical models and heuristics models. Variety of models shave been developed for various aims. Each of has its positive and negative sides, advantages and disadvantages. Aim of this research is to be defined usability of various land use model optimization for the purpose of spatial planning in the Republic of North Macedonia. The basic methodological tool in this chapter covers collection, study and comparative analysis of relevant literary data and evaluation of selected researches. In the absence of domestic literature, mostly literature from several countries from Europe, USA, Asia was analyzed. Then 17 models were selected for in detail analyze. To examine the possibilities of applying the optimization models described in the analyzed research. an evaluation was performed according to the following criteria: a) availability of the data used by the model, that is, the possibility of providing the data used in the model from official sources; b) number of optimization goals; c) number of land uses; d) local adaptability, which implies conformity of the goals, purposes, influencing factors, limitations and other specifics of the model with those in our conditions; e) scope of the research. More of the The reviewed papers on the analyzed optimization models and methods, marked by the authors, clearly indicate the fact or exceptional difficulty in determining the optimal land use model.