bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential uptake of gold nanoparticles by 2 species of tadpole, the wood frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) and the bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus)
Authors: Thompson Lucas B. , Carfagno Gerardo L.F. , Andresen Kurt , Sitton Andrea J. , Bury Taylor , Lee Laura L. , Lerner Kevin T. , Fong Peter P. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Engineered nanoparticles are aquatic contaminants of emerging concern that exert ecotoxicological effects on a wide variety of organisms. We exposed cetyltrimethylammonium bromide–capped spherical gold nanoparticles to wood frog and bullfrog tadpoles with conspecifics and in combination with the other species continuously for 21 d, then measured uptake and localization of gold. Wood frog tadpoles alone and in combination with bullfrog tadpoles took up significantly more gold than bullfrogs. Bullfrog tadpoles in combination with wood frogs took up significantly more gold than controls. The rank order of weight-normalized gold uptake was wood frogs in combination &gt; wood frogs alone &gt; bullfrogs in combination &gt; bullfrogs alone &gt; controls. In all gold-exposed groups of tadpoles, gold was concentrated in the anterior region compared with the posterior region of the body. The concentration of gold nanoparticles in the anterior region of wood frogs both alone and in combination with bullfrogs was significantly higher than the corresponding posterior regions. We also measured depuration time of gold in wood frogs. After 21 d in a solution of gold nanoparticles, tadpoles lost &gt;83% of internalized gold when placed in gold-free water for 5 d. After 10 d in gold-free water, tadpoles lost 94% of their gold. After 15 d, gold concentrations were below the level of detection. Our finding of differential uptake between closely related species living in similar habitats with overlapping geographical distributions argues against generalizing toxicological effects of nanoparticles for a large group of organisms based on measurements in only one species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:3351–3358. © 2017 SETAC
Abstract
Uptake of gold nanoparticles is species dependent and generalizing the impacts of nanomaterials to aquatic organisms should be avoided.
The individual experience of ageing prisoners: systematic review and meta‐synthesis through a Good Lives Model framework
Authors: Di Lorito Claudio , Völlm Birgit , Dening Tom 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveThe existing literature on ageing prisoners tends to focus on such aspects as diagnosis and physical ill‐health. In contrast, the experience of imprisonment from the perspective of ageing prisoners has received less attention. Grounded in a Good Lives Model theoretical framework, we reviewed and meta‐synthesised literature around their experience of life in prison, its impact on their wellbeing and how prison services are currently addressing their complex needs. We further identify potential areas of improvement.Methods1. Systematic search on Assia, PsycInfo, MedLine, Embase, Web of Science, Google and Gov.uk. 2. Extraction and categorisation of data on NVivo. 3. Development of themes through thematic analysis and meta‐synthesis. 4. Identification of potential areas of improvement.ResultsWe selected 25 studies for our review, of which 13 were from the USA, seven from the UK, two from Australia and one each from Ireland, Switzerland and Israel. We identified three themes: The hardship of imprisonment, addressing health and social care needs, and the route out of prison.ConclusionsAgeing prisoners have unique and complex health and social care needs which, to varying degree across different countries, are mostly unmet. Promising initiatives to address their needs are emerging, but, at present time, the overall experience of incarceration for the ageing prisoner is quite poor, given the inconsistent physical, emotional and social care support offered from prison intake to release and beyond. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hsd3b2 associated in modulating steroid hormone synthesis pathway regulates the differentiation of chicken embryonic stem cells into spermatogonial stem cells
Authors: Zhang Chen , Wang Man , He Nana , Ahmed Mahmoud F. , Wang Yilin , Zhao Ruifeng , Yu Xinjian , Jin Jing , Song Jiuzhou , Zuo Qisheng , Zhang Yani , Li Bichun 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSteroid hormones regulate differentiation of various types of cell during embryogenesis. Testosterone is one of the androgens that bind to receptors to regulate gene expression and promote spermatogenesis. Our results showed that testosterone, as a product of steroid hormones synthesis pathway, could facilitate the differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). The analysis of the steroid hormones synthesis pathway demonstrated that 3beta‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase2 (Hsd3b2) plays a major role in the synthesis of testosterone. In the absence of Hsd3b2, the expression of downstream genes such as Cyp1a1, Ugt1a1, and Hsd17b7 was not maintained. This reduction is probably due to the down‐regulation of the steroid hormones synthesis pathway. Furthermore, qRT‐PCR, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry analysis confirmed that the steroid hormones synthesis pathway could facilitate the differentiation of ESCs. Altogether, these results lead to a model in which Hsd3b2 regulates ESCs differentiation via modulating the activity of steroid hormones synthesis pathway.
tPA variant tPA‐A296–299 Prevents impairment of cerebral autoregulation and necrosis of hippocampal neurons after stroke by inhibiting upregulation of ET‐1
Authors: Armstead William M. , Hekierski Hugh , Yarovoi Serge , Higazi Abd Al‐Roof , Cines Douglas B. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTissue‐type plasminogen activator (tPA) is neurotoxic and exacerbates uncoupling of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and metabolism after stroke, yet it remains the sole FDA‐approved drug for treatment of ischemic stroke. Upregulation of c‐Jun‐terminal kinase (JNK) after stroke contributes to tPA‐mediated impairment of autoregulation, but the role of endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) is unknown. Based on the Glasgow Coma Scale, impaired autoregulation is linked to adverse outcomes after TBI, but correlation with hippocampal histopathology after stroke has not been established. We propose that given after stroke, tPA activates N‐Methyl‐D‐Aspartate receptors (NMDA‐Rs) and upregulates ET‐1 in a JNK dependent manner, imparing autoregulation and leading to histopathology. After stroke, CBF was reduced in the hippocampus and reduced further during hypotension, which did not occur in hypotensive sham pigs, indicating impairment of autoregulation. Autoregulation and necrosis of hippocampal CA1 and CA3 neurons were further impaired by tPA, but were preserved by the ET‐1 antagonist BQ 123 and tPA‐A,296–299 a variant that is fibrinolytic but does not bind to NMDA‐Rs. Expression of ET‐1 was increased by stroke and potentiated by tPA but returned to sham levels by tPA‐A296–299 and the JNK antagonist SP600125. Results show that JNK releases ET‐1 after stroke. Tissue‐type plasminogen activator ‐A296–299 prevents impairment of cerebral autoregulation and histopathology after stroke by inhibiting upregulation of ET‐1.
Biochar‐Based Fertilization with Liquid Nutrient Enrichment: 21 Field Trials Covering 13 Crop Species in Nepal
Authors: Schmidt Hans‐Peter , Pandit Bishnu Hari , Cornelissen Gerard , Kammann Claudia I. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBiochar produced in cost‐efficient flame curtain kilns (Kon‐Tiki) was nutrient enriched either with cow urine or with dissolved mineral (NPK) fertilizer to produce biochar‐based fertilizers containing between 60–100 kg N, 5–60 kg P2O5 and 60–100 kg K2O, respectively, per ton of biochar. In 21 field trials, nutrient‐enriched biochars were applied at rates of 0·5–2 t ha−1 into the root zone of 13 different crops. Treatments combining biochar, compost and organic or chemical fertilizer were evaluated; control treatments contained same amounts of nutrients but without biochar. All nutrient‐enriched biochar substrates improved yields compared with their respective no‐biochar controls. Biochar enriched with dissolved NPK produced on average 20% ± 5·1% (N = 4 trials) higher yields than standard NPK fertilization without biochar. Cow urine‐enriched biochar blended with compost resulted on average in 123% ± 76·7% (N = 13 trials) higher yields compared with the organic farmer practice with cow urine‐blended compost and outcompeted NPK‐enriched biochar (same nutrient dose) by 103% ± 12·4% (N = 4 trials) respectively. Thus, the results of 21 field trials robustly revealed that low‐dosage root zone application of organic biochar‐based fertilizers caused substantial yield increases in rather fertile silt loam soils compared with traditional organic fertilization and to mineral NPK or NPK‐biochar fertilization. This can be explained by the nutrient carrier effect of biochar, causing a slow nutrient release behaviour, more balanced nutrient fluxes and reduced nutrient losses, especially when liquid organic nutrients are used for the biochar enrichment. The results open up new pathways for optimizing organic farming and improving on‐farm nutrient cycling. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Novel Poly(N‐Isopropylacrylamide‐co‐acryloylamidobenzo‐12‐crown‐4) Microgel with Rapid Stimuli‐Responsiveness for Molecule‐Specific Adsorption of γ‐Cyclodextrin
Authors: Wei Yun‐Yan , Liu Zhuang , Luo Feng , Zhang Lei , Wang Wei , Ju Xiao‐Jie , Xie Rui , Chu Liang‐Yin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA novel poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐acryloylamidobenzo‐12‐crown‐4) (PNB) microgel with rapid γ‐cyclodextrin (CD)‐responsive characteristics and adsorption property is developed. The microgel is composed of benzo‐12‐crown‐4 (B12C4) units as molecule‐recognition receptors and poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) networks as phase‐transition actuators as well as adsorbent backbone chains. The PNB microgels significantly increase their volumes induced by γ‐CD, and adsorb γ‐CD molecules within PNB networks because of formation of γ‐CD/B12C4 inclusion complexes. Detection of γ‐CD‐concentration and the molecule‐specific adsorption processes of the microgels are investigated systematically. The PNB microgels provide a new tool for rapid concentration measurement and effective separation of γ‐CD.
Medialis pedis flap for reconstruction of weight bearing heel
Authors: Park Jin Sung , Lee Jae Hoon , Lee Jung Suk , Baek Jong Hun 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundAmong the various flaps available for the reconstruction of the heel, a medial plantar flap has been widely accepted as the most ideal. This flap, however, involves the medial plantar nerve and its cutaneous branches, which may lead to postoperative hyperesthesia and dual sensation. The purpose of this report was to report the outcomes of the use of the medialis pedis flap for the coverage of weight bearing heel soft tissue defect.Patients and methodsA total of 8 patients who had undergone reconstruction of the weight bearing heel with the medialis pedis flap were enrolled for this study. There were 6 male and 2 female patients and the mean age was 46 years. The causes of the defects included pressure sore, crushing injury and malignant melanoma. The mean size of the defects was 3 × 4 cm. Five cases were reconstructed with island flaps and 3 were covered with free flaps.ResultsThe mean size of the flaps was 3×5 cm. All flaps survived. One case developed arterial insufficiency and was treated with a vein graft. Ambulation in normal shoes was possible in all the patients. Seven cases did not report pain, but 1 case complained of mild pain. No case reported complications including pain at the donor site, ulcerations, sensory loss, hyperesthesia, or sensory disturbance. The mean follow‐up period was 14.4 months.ConclusionsThe medialis pedis flap may be considered a useful flap for the reconstruction of soft tissue defects smaller than 5 cm in the weight bearing heel.
Patient‐reported outcomes from SYNERGY, a randomized, double‐blind, multicenter study evaluating combinations of mirabegron and solifenacin compared with monotherapy and placebo in OAB patients
Authors: Robinson Dudley , Kelleher Con , Staskin David , Mueller Elizabeth R. , Falconer Christian , Wang Jianye , Ridder Arwin , Stoelzel Matthias , Paireddy Asha , van Maanen Rob , Hakimi Zalmai , Herschorn Sender 
Published: July 2017

AimsTo evaluate patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) of combinations of solifenacin and mirabegron compared with solifenacin and mirabegron monotherapy and with placebo in patients with overactive bladder (OAB) from the SYNERGY trial.MethodsFollowing a 4‐week placebo run‐in, period patients (≥18 years) with OAB were randomized 2:2:1:1:1:1 to receive solifenacin 5 mg + mirabegron 25 mg (combination 5 + 25 mg), solifenacin 5 mg + mirabegron 50 mg, (combination 5 + 50 mg), solifenacin 5 mg, mirabegron 25 mg, mirabegron 50 mg or placebo for 12 weeks, followed by a 2‐week washout period. At each visit, PROs related to quality of life, symptom bother, and treatment satisfaction were assessed, including OAB‐q Symptom Bother score, health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) Total score, treatment satisfaction‐visual analogue scale (TS‐VAS), and patient perception of bladder condition (PPBC) questionnaires.ResultsOverall, 3527 patients were randomized into the study, with 3494 receiving double‐blind treatment. At end of treatment (EoT), both combination groups showed greater improvements in OAB‐q Symptom Bother score compared with the monotherapy groups (nominal P < 0.001). Statistically significant improvements in HRQOL Total scores were observed in the combination groups versus monotherapy groups (P ≤ 0.002). For both combination groups, the OAB‐q Symptom Bother score responder rates at EoT were statistically significantly higher versus mirabegron monotherapy (P < 0.05). The mean adjusted changes from baseline to EoT for PPBC were greater in the combination groups compared with monotherapy groups.ConclusionsPROs showed that combination therapy provided clear improvements and an additive effect for many HRQOL parameters, including OAB‐q Symptom Bother score, HRQOL Total score, and PPBC.
Medium‐Chain Enriched Diacylglycerol (MCE‐DAG) Oil Decreases Body Fat Mass in Mice by Increasing Lipolysis and Thermogenesis in Adipose Tissue
Authors: Kim Haeun , Choe Jee‐Hwan , Choi Jong Hun , Kim Hun Jung , Park Soo Hyun , Lee Moon Won , Kim Wooki , Go Gwang‐woong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMedium chain fatty acid (MCFA) escapes the formation of chylomicrons in the small intestine, resulting in energy expenditure through beta‐oxidation. Diacylglycerol (DAG) is susceptible to oxidation rather than being stored in the adipose tissue. This study was conducted to verify the effect of MCE‐DAG oil on body fat mass in vivo. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 12) as follows: (1) normal diet (18% kcal from fat), (2) canola oil as a control (40% kcal from canola oil), (3) MCE‐DAG10 (10% kcal from MCE‐DAG + 30% kcal from canola oil), and (4) MCE‐DAG20 (20% kcal from MCE‐DAG + 20% kcal from canola oil). The body weight and fat mass of MCE‐DAG20 group mice were decreased relative to those of control mice (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). Serum triacylglycerol (TAG) was decreased in both MCE‐DAG10 and MCE‐DAG20 groups (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). Hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) were increased in the MCE‐DAG20 group relative to the control in white adipose tissue (WAT) (P < 0.05). Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) was also increased in the MCE‐DAG20 group relative to the control in brown adipose tissue (BAT) (P < 0.05). In summary, MCE‐DAG reduced body fat mass likely by stimulating lipolysis in WAT and thermogenesis in BAT.
Localised estimation and control of linear instabilities in two-dimensional wall-bounded shear flows
Authors: Tol H. J. , Kotsonis M. , de Visser C. C. , Bamieh B. 
Published: July 2017

A new framework is presented for estimation and control of instabilities in wall-bounded shear flows described by the linearised Navier–Stokes equations. The control design considers the use of localised actuators/sensors to account for convective instabilities in an ${\mathcal{H}}_{2}$ optimal control framework. External sources of disturbances are assumed to enter the control domain through the inflow. A new inflow disturbance model is proposed for external excitation of the perturbation modes that contribute to transition. This model allows efficient estimation of the flow perturbations within the localised control region of a conceptually unbounded domain. The state-space discretisation of the infinite-dimensional system is explicitly obtained, which allows application of linear control theoretic tools. A reduced-order model is subsequently derived using exact balanced truncation that captures the input/output behaviour and the dominant perturbation dynamics. This model is used to design an ${\mathcal{H}}_{2}$ optimal controller to suppress the instability growth. The two-dimensional non-periodic channel flow is considered as an application case. Disturbances are generated upstream of the control domain and the resulting flow perturbations are estimated/controlled using point wall shear measurements and localised unsteady blowing and suction at the wall. The controller is able to cancel the perturbations and is robust to both unmodelled disturbances and sensor inaccuracies. For single-frequency and multiple-frequency disturbances with low sensor noise a nearly full cancellation is achieved. For stochastic forced disturbances and high sensor noise an energy reduction in perturbation wall shear stress of 96 % is shown.
Backtracking with cut via a distributive law and left-zero monoids
Authors: PIRÓG MACIEJ , STATON SAM 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe employ the framework of algebraic effects to augment the list monad with the pruning cut operator known from Prolog. We give two descriptions of the resulting monad: as the monad of free left-zero monoids, and as a composition via a distributive law of the list monad and the ‘unary idempotent operation’ monad. The scope delimiter of cut arises as a handler.
Ultra-processed foods and the limits of product reformulation
Authors: Scrinis Gyorgy , Monteiro Carlos Augusto 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe nutritional reformulation of processed food and beverage products has been promoted as an important means of addressing the nutritional imbalances in contemporary dietary patterns. The focus of most reformulation policies is the reduction in quantities of nutrients-to-limit – Na, free sugars, SFA,trans-fatty acids and total energy. The present commentary examines the limitations of what we refer to as ‘nutrients-to-limit reformulation’ policies and practices, particularly when applied to ultra-processed foods and drink products. Beyond these nutrients-to-limit, there are a range of other potentially harmful processed and industrially produced ingredients used in the production of ultra-processed products that are not usually removed during reformulation. The sources of nutrients-to-limit in these products may be replaced with other highly processed ingredients and additives, rather than with whole or minimally processed foods. Reformulation policies may also legitimise current levels of consumption of ultra-processed products in high-income countries and increased levels of consumption in emerging markets in the global South.
MicroRNA-148a deficiency promotes hepatic lipid metabolism and hepatocarcinogenesis in mice
Authors: Cheng Li , Zhu Yahui , Han Han , Zhang Qiang , Cui Kaisa , Shen Hongxing , Zhang Jinxiang , Yan Jun , Prochownik Edward , Li Youjun 
Published: July 2017

AbstractmiRNAs are involved in many physiologic and disease processes by virtue of degrading specific mRNAs or inhibiting their translation. miR-148a has been implicated in the control of tumor growth and cholesterol and triglyceride homeostasis using in vitro or in vivo gene expression- and silencing-based approaches. Here miR-148a knockout (KO) mice were used to investigate the intrinsic role of miR-148a in liver physiology and hepatocarcinogenesis in mice. miR-148a downregulation was found to be correlated with poor clinical outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Under regular chow diet (RCD) or high fat diet (HFD), miR-148a deletion significantly accelerated DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in mice. Mechanistically, miR-148a deletion promotes lipid metabolic disorders in mice. Moreover, restoration of miR-148a reversed these defects. Finally, miR-148a was found to directly inhibit several key regulators of hepatocarcinogenesis and lipid metabolism. These findings reveal crucial roles for miR-148a in the hepatic lipid metabolism and hepatocarcinogenesis. They further identify miR-148a as a potential therapeutic target for certain liver diseases, including cancer.
Inhibition of autophagy as a treatment strategy for p53 wild-type acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Folkerts Hendrik , Hilgendorf Susan , Wierenga Albertus T J , Jaques Jennifer , Mulder André B , Coffer Paul J , Schuringa Jan Jacob , Vellenga Edo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHere we have explored whether inhibition of autophagy can be used as a treatment strategy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Steady-state autophagy was measured in leukemic cell lines and primary human CD34+ AML cells with a large variability in basal autophagy between AMLs observed. The autophagy flux was higher in AMLs classified as poor risk, which are frequently associated with TP53 mutations (TP53mut), compared with favorable- and intermediate-risk AMLs. In addition, the higher flux was associated with a higher expression level of several autophagy genes, but was not affected by alterations in p53 expression by knocking down p53 or overexpression of wild-type p53 or p53R273H. AML CD34+ cells were more sensitive to the autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) than normal bone marrow CD34+ cells. Similar, inhibition of autophagy by knockdown of ATG5 or ATG7 triggered apoptosis, which coincided with increased expression of p53. In contrast to wild-type p53 AML (TP53wt), HCQ treatment did not trigger a BAX and PUMA-dependent apoptotic response in AMLs harboring TP53mut. To further characterize autophagy in the leukemic stem cell-enriched cell fraction AML CD34+ cells were separated into ROSlow and ROShigh subfractions. The immature AML CD34+-enriched ROSlow cells maintained higher basal autophagy and showed reduced survival upon HCQ treatment compared with ROShigh cells. Finally, knockdown of ATG5 inhibits in vivo maintenance of AML CD34+ cells in NSG mice. These results indicate that targeting autophagy might provide new therapeutic options for treatment of AML since it affects the immature AML subfraction.
Flat clathrin lattices are dynamic actin-controlled hubs for clathrin-mediated endocytosis and signalling of specific receptors
Authors: Leyton-Puig Daniela , Isogai Tadamoto , Argenzio Elisabetta , van den Broek Bram , Klarenbeek Jeffrey , Janssen Hans , Jalink Kees , Innocenti Metello 
Published: July 2017

AbstractClathrin lattices at the plasma membrane coat both invaginated and flat regions forming clathrin-coated pits and clathrin plaques, respectively. The function and regulation of clathrin-coated pits in endocytosis are well understood but clathrin plaques remain enigmatic nanodomains. Here we use super-resolution microscopy, molecular genetics and cell biology to show that clathrin plaques contain the machinery for clathrin-mediated endocytosis and cell adhesion, and associate with both clathrin-coated pits and filamentous actin. We also find that actin polymerization promoted by N-WASP through the Arp2/3 complex is crucial for the regulation of plaques but not pits. Clathrin plaques oppose cell migration and undergo actin- and N-WASP-dependent disassembly upon activation of LPA receptor 1, but not EGF receptor. Most importantly, plaque disassembly correlates with the endocytosis of LPA receptor 1 and down-modulation of AKT activity. Thus, clathrin plaques serve as dynamic actin-controlled hubs for clathrin-mediated endocytosis and signalling that exhibit receptor specificity.