bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medicalisation, development and adult power: Exploring the contributions of the medical system to child disenfranchisement in theory and society
Authors: Alford Luke 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe marginalisation of children globally is frequently justified by appeal to medical, developmental science. While childhood has increasingly become recognised as a social construct, this research has focused largely on education and legal structures, leaving this medicalisation unexamined. This essay closes that gap by examining the medicalisation of childhood and the contribution of the medical system to adult power. These are approached in separate sections. The first portion of this essay addresses the theoretical and rhetorical manner in which children are medicalised, using Piaget's theories as examples of a trend to over‐state the universality of childhood deficiencies and assume adult competences. Latour's work on the scientific black‐box is combined with Halliday's assessment of scientific language to examine how these theories are transformed from specific psychological findings, into assumed objective truths, carrying disenfranchising assumptions about children into public discourse. The essay's second part examines the practical role of the medical system in mobilising adultist discourses and disempowering children, through the operation of scientific management. This is built up from discussions of childbirth and adolescence to wider issues of medical power as it permeates educational, legislative and media spaces through Samuel's concept of biocertification. Finally, these two parts meet in highlighting the role of medicalisation in maintaining the hegemony of adult power through its veil of objectivity and expansive reach. I contend anthropological works referenced throughout the essay show that medicalised narratives of childhood are insufficient but culturally contingent and thus open to revision.
Beyond infantilization and adultification: The binary representations of child migrants in the United States and how they harm young migrants
Authors: Diaz‐Strong Daysi Ximena , Padilla‐Rodríguez Ivόn , Torres Stephanie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe arrival of migrant children at the US–Mexico border has prompted vigorous debates about how to handle their admission and manage their access to resources. Portrayals of child migrants often draw on dominant conventional notions of childhood, creating binary representations that simultaneously infantilize and adultify them. This binary representation either strips children of their agency or criminalizes their actions and denies them protection. This paper exposes the inadequacies of the infantilization and adultification binary to represent and understand the experiences of child migrants, particularly youth who immigrate as teenagers, through a transdisciplinary approach. Integrating original historical analysis via archival research with contemporary social scientific analysis from qualitative research, this paper examines the longstanding binary representations of migrant children and their harmful impacts. The historical analysis shows that infantilization and adultification have defined the US response to child migrants since the mid‐1960s. Making connections to the present, through the stories of two unaccompanied teenage arrivals, we show how the binary is experienced and how Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) reflects and reinforces the binary. The paper also highlights how young people, who do not fit neatly into the binary, come to subjectively feel adult, elucidating the need for an alternative narrative that embraces child migrants' agency and advocates for support and protection for all youth.
A Rose by Another Name? Odor Misnaming is Associated with Linguistic Properties
Authors: Hörberg Thomas , Kurfalı Murathan , Larsson Maria , J. Laukka Erika , Herman Pawel , Olofsson Jonas K. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNaming common odors is a surprisingly difficult task: Odors are frequently misnamed. Little is known about the linguistic properties of odor misnamings. We test whether odor misnamings of old adults carry information about olfactory perception and its connection to lexical‐semantic processing. We analyze the olfactory–semantic content of odor source naming failures in a large sample of older adults in Sweden (n = 2479; age 58–100 years). We investigate whether linguistic factors and semantic proximity to the target odor name predict how odors are misnamed, and how these factors relate to overall odor identification performance. We also explore the primary semantic dimensions along which misnamings are distributed. We find that odor misnamings consist of surprisingly many vague and unspecific terms, such as category names (e.g., fruit) or abstract or evaluative terms (e.g., sweet). Odor misnamings are often strongly associated with the correct name, capturing properties such as its category or other abstract features. People are also biased toward misnaming odors with high‐frequency terms that are associated with olfaction or gustation. Linguistic properties of odor misnamings and their semantic proximity to the target odor name predict odor identification performance, suggesting that linguistic processing facilitates odor identification. Further, odor misnamings constitute an olfactory–semantic space that is similar to the olfactory vocabulary of English. This space is primarily differentiated along pleasantness, edibility, and concreteness dimensions. Odor naming failures thus contain plenty of information about semantic odor knowledge.
Dietary Restriction, Socioeconomic Factors, Access to Kidney Transplantation, and Waitlist Mortality
Authors: Johnston Emily A. , Hong Jingyao , Nalatwad Akanksha , Li Yiting , Kim Byoungjun , Long Jane J. , Ali Nicole M. , Krawczuk Barbara , Mathur Aarti , Orandi Babak J. , Chodosh Joshua , Segev Dorry L. , McAdams‐DeMarco Mara A. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionDietary restrictions for patients with end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) are burdensome. Kidney transplantation (KT) candidates who lack neighborhood resources and are burdened by dietary restrictions may have decreased access to KT.MethodsIn our two‐center prospective cohort study (2014–2023), 2471 ESKD patients who were evaluated for KT (candidates) reported their perceived burden of dietary restrictions (not at all, somewhat/moderately, or extremely bothered). Neighborhood‐level socioeconomic factors were derived from residential ZIP codes. We quantified the association of perceived burden of the dietary restrictions with a chance of listing using Cox models and risk of waitlist mortality using competing risks models. Then we tested whether these associations differed by neighborhood‐level socioeconomic factors.ResultsAt evaluation, 18% of KT candidates felt extremely bothered by dietary restrictions. Those who felt extremely bothered were less likely to be listed for KT (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.64–0.87); this association did not differ by neighborhood‐level socioeconomic factors. Overall, the burden of dietary restrictions was not associated with waitlist mortality (p = 0.62). However, among candidates living in high food insecurity neighborhoods, those who felt extremely bothered had higher waitlist mortality (adjusted subhazard ratio [aSHR] = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.14–3.75, p[interaction] = 0.02). The association between dietary burden and waitlist mortality did not differ by neighborhood‐level healthy food access.ConclusionThe perceived burden of dietary restrictions is associated with a lower chance of listing for KT, and higher waitlist mortality only among candidates residing in neighborhoods with high food insecurity. Transplant centers should identify vulnerable patients and support them with nutrition education and access to food assistance programs.
Effect of salt concentration on osmotic potential in drying soils—Measurement and models
Authors: Bosse Jannis , Durner Wolfgang , Peters Andre 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe water potential in drying soils, comprising both matric potential and osmotic potential components, can be measured using the dew point method (DPM). By combining DPM data with retention curve data acquired from techniques such as the suction plate method or the simplified evaporation method (SEM), it becomes possible to determine the soil water retention curve across the entire moisture spectrum. However, as the latter methods only determine the matric potential, the osmotic potential component in DPM data must either be negligible or known so that osmotic and matric potential components can be separated. This study aims to critically analyse common approaches for calculating the osmotic potential. To achieve this, we measured the water retention properties of a silt loam, a sandy loam and a sand across the entire moisture range by combining SEM and DPM. By using almost salt‐free soil material, we characterized reference water retention curves with negligible osmotic potential components. The impact of salt on water potential was analysed by conditioning soils with MgCl2 solutions of different concentrations, drying them, and measuring the water potential at different water contents using the DPM. The resulting water potentials were compared to the reference potentials and differences were interpreted as the osmotic potential component. The DPM‐measured water potentials in drying soils can be significantly affected by osmotic potential, especially at higher matric potentials (low suctions). Two models accounting for ideal and one model accounting for non‐ideal electrolyte behaviour were used to compare osmotic potential predictions with measurements. At low to medium salt concentrations, all models performed fairly well. At high concentrations, only the model accounting for non‐ideal behaviour predicted the osmotic potential satisfactorily, whereas at very high concentrations, all models underestimated the impact of osmotic potential on water potential. This suggests that the surface properties of the soil matrix, such as the specific surface area and surface charges, may lead to a decrease in osmotic potential beyond what is expected in pure solutions.
Exploring Organisational Agility's Impact on Nurses' Green Work Behaviour: The Mediating Role of Climate Activism
Authors: El‐Sayed Ahmed Abdelwahab Ibrahim , Alsenany Samira Ahmed , Abdelaliem Sally Mohammed Farghaly , Asal Maha Gamal Ramadan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimsTo examine the relationship between organisational agility and nurses' green work behaviour and to assess how climate activism mediates this relationship. Understanding this relationship is crucial for promoting sustainable practices in healthcare.DesignA cross‐sectional research design was employed. This approach was chosen to examine how organisational agility and climate activism simultaneously influence green work behaviour in the present context, providing a snapshot of their synergistic interactions.MethodsThis study was conducted in 2024 at eight hospitals in Egypt, with a total of 781 nurses conveniently selected for participation. Data were collected using validated instruments: the Agility Survey, Employee Green Behaviour Scale and Environmental Action Scale. Correlation and path analyses were utilised to test the study hypotheses.ResultsNurses reported moderate levels of organisational agility, climate activism and green work behaviour. Statistically significant positive correlations were found between organisational agility, climate activism and green work behaviour. Organisational agility and climate activism emerged as significant predictors of green work behaviour, with climate activism acting as a partial mediator between organisational agility and green work behaviour.ConclusionThis study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on fostering sustainable nursing practices as results indicate that agile organisations, which embrace flexibility and nurse‐led climate initiatives, are better positioned to promote sustainable behaviour.Implications for Nursing ProfessionPractical strategies include selecting nurses with high climate literacy, designing agile working strategies and promoting eco‐conscious behaviours. Nurse leaders should develop policies that integrate climate initiatives into everyday practice to enhance green work behaviour.ImpactThe healthcare sector faces increasing environmental challenges, making it crucial to foster green work behaviour. Our study addresses a gap in the literature by revealing that organisational agility and climate activism are essential drivers of green behaviour among nurses, offering actionable insights for greening healthcare practices.Reporting MethodThis study was reported in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE).Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Planetary Health in Nursing: A Scoping Review
Authors: Vandenberg Shannon , Strus Jacqueline/Jack Avanthay , Chircop Andrea , Egert Amanda , Savard Julie 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo map the extent of the use of the term ‘planetary health’ in peer‐reviewed nursing literature.DesignScoping Review.Data SourcesCINAHL, ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Premium, MEDLINE, APA PsycINFO, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses and Web of Science were searched in January and February 2024 for English and French‐language publications. A follow‐up search was conducted on 10 June 2024 to determine if additional literature was published.Review MethodsA scoping review was conducted using the Arksey and O'Malley methodology for scoping reviews. To be included the article had to explicitly use the term ‘planetary health’ and ‘nursing’ or ‘nurses’.ResultsSixty‐eight articles met the criteria for the scoping review and were included in this review, with the majority published between 2017 and 2024. Predominant literature included discussion papers, commentaries and editorials. A lack of original research is apparent. Most of the publications were calls to action for nurses to advance planetary health in nursing education, practice, research and advocacy work.ConclusionsLiterature confirms that planetary health is a recent and an important topic in nursing, and nurses have a well‐documented role to play in planetary health, given the numerous calls to action in nursing leadership, education, practice and research. There is a need to publish the essential work nurses are doing in planetary health in various nursing domains.ImpactThis scoping review revealed a clear and urgent call to action for nurses to address planetary health. Given this finding, nurses have a responsibility to advocate for a planetary health approach in the profession and take action to contribute to planetary health through education, research, practice and advocacy.No Patient or Public ContributionNot applicable, as no patients or public were involved.
Nonthermal Atmospheric Plasma Promotes Bonding Between Adhesive Monomers and Zirconia
Authors: Chen Xiaolan , Yu Chengcheng , Hua Lei , Liu Qi 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate whether nonthermal atmospheric plasma (NTAP) can promote bonding between commonly used adhesive monomers and zirconia.Materials and MethodsThe zirconia surface and monomers (HEMA, BisGMA, TEGDMA, and MDP) were treated with different NTAP approaches (10 w, 30 s), and the surface characteristics and chemical structures between the zirconia surface and monomers were verified by the contact angle, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR/FT‐IR) spectroscopy, and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Scotchbond Universal adhesive with two different resin cements, RelyX Ultimate and RelyX Unicem 2, was applied, followed by NTAP‐aided clinical procedures, and then microtensile bond strength test (μTBS) and failure mode evaluation were tested for preliminary mechanical properties assessment. One‐way ANOVA was employed for the statistical analysis.ResultsThe contact angle analysis, SEM, and ATR‐FTIR confirmed that NTAP can promote the polymerization of BisGMA, TEGDMA, and MDP on the zirconia surface, while XPS confirmed that NTAP can induce a chemical reaction between MDP and zirconia.ConclusionsNonthermal atmospheric plasma can increase the affinity between selected monomers and zirconia and promote the chemical bonding strength between phosphate monomers and zirconia; besides, it can enhance the bonding strength of two different adhesive systems.Clinical SignificanceThe mechanism of how NTAP improved common adhesive monomers interacting with zirconia surfaces was revealed in this study. NTAP, as a relatively high energy‐boosting method, could not only improve the surface affinity of zirconia and chemical bonding in‐between monomers and zirconia but also enhance the polymerization of different monomers onto zirconia, resulting in improved bonding properties. Thus, further exploration of versatile bonding materials and/or onto different dental substrates could take this into account.
Temporal and spatial use of a freshwater lake by upstream and downstream migrating adult Atlantic salmon Salmo salar
Authors: Cotter Deirdre , Ling E. Nigel , Egan Fintan , Dillane Mary , Maoiléidigh Niall Ó. , Moore Andy 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAtlantic salmon Salmo salar typically enter fresh water several months prior to spawning and just as pools can provide areas of refuge in river systems, lakes may also provide important refuge habitat during the spawning migration. Using acoustic telemetry we examined the spatial and temporal movements of wild and a ranched strain of Atlantic salmon in a freshwater lake where the main spawning areas were located upstream of the lake. Over the study period (2011–2014), returning adult wild salmon spent an average of 228 days in fresh water and 90% of that time in the lake. On entering the lake, most wild salmon moved quickly to the northern part of the lake, close to the main inflow, spending an average 76% of the time in this location. The average number of days wild fish were absent from the lake during the main spawning period varied between years, ranging from 10 to 26 days for females and 32 to 35 days for males. Seventy four per cent (17/23) of salmon spawners returned to the lake and two salmon subsequently died in the lake post‐spawning. Atypically, two salmon were resident in the lake for the whole period in 2013/14. During the study, wild salmon were detected at depths within the top 5 m for 73% of the time. Median depths post‐spawning were greater than in the pre‐spawning period, when salmon were found to spend extensive periods at depths in excess of 10 m. In July 2013, when the lake was stratified, thermal regulation behaviour was observed in wild salmon, whereby salmon moved to cooler deeper water when water temperatures at 1 m exceeded 20°C. In contrast to wild salmon, the majority of ranch salmon returned to the traps downstream of the lake prior to the spawning period, which would be expected as they were released as smolts below the freshwater lake. Ranch fish spent an average 80% of the time in the vicinity of receivers in the south of the lake and an average 98% of the time within the top 5 m. However, two ranch females were resident in the lake until the following spring and one ranch female moved upstream into the river during the spawning period. Clearly, in this catchment the lake provides an important habitat for migrating adult salmon. In the context of climate change, where thermal and hydrological regimes in rivers are expected to change in response to changes in air temperature and precipitation patterns, the availability of deep lakes that stratify in the summer and cool water refuges in river systems is likely to play a key role in the sustenance and conservation of salmonid species. Information about the migration patterns of Atlantic salmon in undisturbed freshwater systems may also assist in resolving issues associated with fish passage in impacted rivers and inform management decisions.
Ultrasonographic placental edematous changes as predictive markers of unplanned preterm birth in post‐Fontan pregnancies: A single‐center observational study
Authors: Watanabe Tomoyuki , Shimada Eriko , Yoshizawa Saeko , Kakogawa Jun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimFontan surgery is a palliative procedure commonly performed for functional single‐ventricle heart diseases. Fontan circulation is characterized by elevated central venous pressure and low cardiac output. It causes placental hypoxia, which could lead to poor obstetric outcomes. During post‐Fontan pregnancies, ultrasonography may detect abnormal appearance of the placenta. We have focused on higher incidences of unexpected onset of labor when this ultrasonographic finding is present. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether this finding could be an indicator of premature delivery before pre‐scheduled dates in post‐Fontan pregnancies.MethodsDuring post‐Fontan pregnancies, the placenta exhibits a mosaic pattern with areas of low and high echogenicity and unusually thick on ultrasonography. We refer to these changes as “ultrasonographic placental edematous changes.” We retrospectively analyzed clinical charts and ultrasonograms for post‐Fontan pregnancies between 2015 and 2022.ResultsFifteen patients were included in this study. Ultrasonographic placental edematous changes in the placenta during pregnancy were detected in eight cases (53%). Six (75%) of these patients experienced unexpected premature labor. Two patients underwent vaginal delivery because of sudden onset of labor. Four patients underwent emergency cesarean sections. Two patients underwent planned preterm cesarean sections. In the seven pregnancies without placental edematous changes, all deliveries occurred on the pre‐scheduled dates determined based on the maternal heart condition.ConclusionsPregnancies with ultrasonographic placental edematous changes have a higher risk of unexpected preterm delivery than those without these changes. Ultrasonographic placental edematous changes may serve as predictive markers for unplanned preterm births in post‐Fontan pregnancies.
The Effect of Malaria on Responses to Unrelated Vaccines in Animals and Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Zirimenya Ludoviko , Natukunda Agnes , Nassuuna Jacent , Kabagenyi Joyce , Nkurunungi Gyaviira , Elliott Alison M. , Webb Emily L. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTVaccine efficacy varies globally, often showing reduced immune responses in low‐ and middle‐income countries, possibly due to the immunomodulatory effects of parasitic infections like malaria. This systematic review evaluates the impact of malaria on immune responses to unrelated vaccines in humans and animals. We systematically searched five databases—MEDLINE, Web of Science, Global Health, Scopus and Embase—up to 5th December 2023. Eligible studies compared immune responses to WHO‐approved vaccines between malaria‐infected and uninfected groups, or between antimalarial‐treated and untreated groups. Meta‐analysis was performed using random‐effects models with standardised mean differences (SMDs) as summary statistics. The study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022298053). Twenty‐four articles (17 human, 7 animal) met the inclusion criteria, with 13 human articles contributing data for the meta‐analysis. Significant heterogeneity was observed. Vaccine responses were higher in malaria uninfected individuals (SMD 0.34, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.60, I2 = 87.15%) with weaker differences between antimalarial‐treated and untreated groups (SMD 0.07, 95% CI −0.01 to 0.16, I2 = 85.01%). The overall SMD for malaria uninfected/treated vs. infected/untreated was 0.15, 95% CI 0.05–0.26, I2 = 90.91. Narrative analysis suggested malaria's adverse impact on vaccine responses in animals. Malaria infection may impair vaccines responses; with preventive treatment of malaria partially reversing these effects, highlighting the need for targeted public health interventions.