bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Absence of Interferon-β Promotor Stimulator-1 (IPS-1) Predisposes to Bronchiolitis and Asthma-like Pathology in Response to Pneumoviral Infection in Mice
Authors: Simpson Jennifer , Lynch Jason P. , Loh Zhixuan , Zhang Vivian , Werder Rhiannon B. , Spann Kirsten , Phipps Simon 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-bronchiolitis is a major cause of infant morbidity and mortality and a risk factor for subsequent asthma. We showed previously that toll-like receptor (TLR)7 in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) is critical for protection against bronchiolitis and asthma in mice infected with pneumonia virus of mice (PVM), the mouse homolog of RSV. This lack of redundancy was unexpected as interferon-β promotor stimulator-1 (IPS-1) signalling, downstream of RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) and not TLR7 activation, contributes to host defence in hRSV-inoculated adult mice. To further clarify the role of IPS-1 signalling, we inoculated IPS-1−/−and WT mice with PVM in early-life, and again in later-life, to model the association between bronchiolitis and asthma. IPS-1 deficiency predisposed to severe PVM bronchiolitis, characterised by neutrophilic inflammation and necroptotic airway epithelial cell death, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and IL-33 release, and downstream type-2 inflammation. Secondary infection induced an eosinophilic asthma-like pathophysiology in IPS-1−/−but not WT mice. Mechanistically, we identified that IPS-1 is necessary for pDC recruitment, IFN-α production and viral control. Our findings suggest that TLR7 and RLR signalling work collaboratively to optimally control the host response to pneumovirus infection thereby protecting against viral bronchiolitis and subsequent asthma.
Sediment transport capacity of concentrated flows on steep loessial slope with erodible beds
Authors: Xiao Hai , Liu Gang , Liu Puling , Zheng Fenli , Zhang Jiaqiong , Hu Feinan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPrevious research on sediment transport capacity has been inadequate and incomplete in describing the detachment and transport process of concentrated flows on slope farmlands during rill development. An indoor concentrated flow scouring experiment was carried out on steep loessial soil slope with erodible bed to investigate the sediment transport capacity under different flow rates and slope gradients. The results indicated that the sediment transport capacity increases with increasing flow rate and slope gradient, and these relationships can be described by power functions and exponential functions, respectively. Multivariate, nonlinear regression analysis showed that sediment transport capacity was more sensitive to slope gradient than to flow rate, and it was more sensitive to unit discharge per unit width than to slope gradient for sediment transport capacity in this study. When similar soil was used, the results were similar to those of previous research conducted under both erodible and non-erodible bed conditions. However, the equation derived from previous research under non-erodible bed conditions with for river bed sand tends to overestimate sediment transport capacity in our experiment.
Modelling farm-to-farm disease transmission through personnel movements: from visits to contacts, and back
Authors: Rossi Gianluigi , Smith Rebecca L. , Pongolini Stefano , Bolzoni Luca 
Published: May 2017

AbstractInfectious diseases in livestock can be transmitted through fomites: objects able to convey infectious agents. Between-farm spread of infections through fomites is mostly due to indirect contacts generated by on-farm visits of personnel that can carry pathogens on their clothes, equipment, or vehicles. However, data on farm visitors are often difficult to obtain because of the heterogeneity of their nature and privacy issues. Thus, models simulating disease spread between farms usually rely on strong assumptions about the contribution of indirect contacts on infection spread. By using data on veterinarian on-farm visits in a dairy farm system, we built a simple simulation model to assess the role of indirect contacts on epidemic dynamics compared to cattle movements (i.e. direct contacts). We showed that including in the simulation model only specific subsets of the information available on indirect contacts could lead to outputs widely different from those obtained with the full-information model. Then, we provided a simple preferential attachment algorithm based on the probability to observe consecutive on-farm visits from the same operator that allows overcoming the information gaps. Our results suggest the importance of detailed data and a deeper understanding of visit dynamics for the prevention and control of livestock diseases.
Amygdalar Endothelin-1 Regulates Pyramidal Neuron Excitability and Affects Anxiety
Authors: Chen Ming , Yan Huan-huan , Shu Shu , Pei Lei , Zang Long-kai , Fu Yu , Wang Ze-fen , Wan Qi , Bi Lin-lin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAn abnormal neuronal activity in the amygdala is involved in the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders. However, little is known about the mechanisms. High-anxiety mice and low-anxiety mice, representing the innate extremes of anxiety-related behaviors, were first grouped according to their anxiety levels in the elevated plus maze test. We found that the mRNA for endothelin-1 (ET1) and ET1 B-type receptors (ETBRs) in the amygdala was down-regulated in high-anxiety mice compared with low-anxiety mice. Knocking down basolateral amygdala (BLA) ET1 expression enhanced anxiety-like behaviors, whereas over-expressing ETBRs, but not A-type receptors (ETARs), had an anxiolytic effect. The combined down-regulation of ETBR and ET1 had no additional anxiogenic effect compared to knocking down the ETBR gene alone, suggesting that BLA ET1 acts through ETBRs to regulate anxiety-like behaviors. To explore the mechanism underlying this phenomenon further, we verified that most of the ET1 and the ET1 receptors in the BLA were expressed in pyramidal neurons. The ET1–ETBR signaling pathway decreased the firing frequencies and threshold currents for the action potentials of BLA pyramidal neurons but did not alter BLA synaptic neurotransmission. Together, these results indicate that amygdalar ET1-ETBR signaling could attenuate anxiety-like behaviors by directly decreasing the excitability of glutamatergic neurons.
Three-Dimensionally Conformal Porous Microstructured Fabrics via Breath Figures: A Nature-Inspired Approach for Novel Surface Modification of Textiles
Authors: Gong Jianliang , Xu Bingang , Tao Xiaoming 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBreath figures (BFs) are a kind of water droplet arrays that can be formed by condensing aqueous vapor onto a cold surface, such as dewy phenomenon on a spider web. This study developed a BF-inspired approach for direct introduction of desired materials onto the textile surfaces with three-dimensionally conformal porous microstructures by the evaporation of solution-coated fabric under high humidity environment, which brings a brand-new kind of modified textiles, three-dimensionally conformal porous microstructured fabrics (CPMFs). Such kind of CPMFs can possess customized multifunctional properties of introduced materials, and meanwhile maintain the inherent properties and unique texture features of fabrics. This nature-inspired BF approach is robust and versatile for customized preparation of CPMFs based on different fabrics with different common polymers. Moreover, it is also feasible for one-step functionalization of CPMFs by the incorporation of nanoparticles (such as titanium dioxide nanoparticles, TiO2 NPs) into the porous microstructures during the BF process. Comparing to the sample modified without porous microstructures, the resultant TiO2 NPs-incorporated CPMFs show an obviously enhanced performance on photocatalytic degradation of pollutants under the same ultraviolet irradiation conditions.
A core extended naphtalene diimide G-quadruplex ligand potently inhibits herpes simplex virus 1 replication
Authors: Callegaro Sara , Perrone Rosalba , Scalabrin Matteo , Doria Filippo , Palù Giorgio , Richter Sara N. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractG-quadruplexes (G4s) are nucleic acids secondary structures, epigenetic regulators in cells and viruses. In herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1)-infected cells, G4s are massively present during viral replication. We here aimed at investigating the possibility to target the HSV-1 G4s by a core extended naphtalene diimide (c-exNDI) G4 ligand. Biophysical and biomolecular analysis proved that c-exNDI stabilized the HSV-1 G4s in a concentration dependent manner. In MS competition assays, c-exNDI preferentially recognized HSV-1 G4s over cellular telomeric G4s, the most represented G4s within cells; other less abundant cellular G4s were also recognized. Treatment of HSV-1 infected cells with c-exNDI at low nanomolar concentrations induced significant virus inhibition with no cytotoxicity. The mechanism of action was ascribed to G4-mediated inhibition of viral DNA replication, with consequent impairment of viral genes transcription. Our data suggest that the observed potent antiviral activity and low cytotoxicity mainly depend on a combination of c-exNDI affinity for HSV-1 G4s and their massive presence during infection. HSV-1 G4s may thus represent new effective antiviral targets: the fact that no current antiherpetic drug exploits them and their presence at the viral genome, responsible for both active and latent HSV infections, makes them particularly attracting.
Regulation of chloroplast and nucleomorph replication by the cell cycle in the cryptophyte Guillardia theta
Authors: Onuma Ryo , Mishra Neha , Miyagishima Shin-ya 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe chloroplasts of cryptophytes arose through a secondary endosymbiotic event in which a red algal endosymbiont was integrated into a previously nonphotosynthetic eukaryote. The cryptophytes retain a remnant of the endosymbiont nucleus (nucleomorph) that is replicated once in the cell cycle along with the chloroplast. To understand how the chloroplast, nucleomorph and host cell divide in a coordinated manner, we examined the expression of genes/proteins that are related to nucleomorph replication and chloroplast division as well as the timing of nuclear and nucleomorph DNA synthesis in the cryptophyte Guillardia theta. Nucleus-encoded nucleomorph HISTONE H2A mRNA specifically accumulated during the nuclear S phase. In contrast, nucleomorph-encoded genes/proteins that are related to nucleomorph replication and chloroplast division (FtsZ) are constantly expressed throughout the cell cycle. The results of this study and previous studies on chlorarachniophytes suggest that there was a common evolutionary pattern in which an endosymbiont lost its replication cycle-dependent transcription while cell-cycle-dependent transcriptional regulation of host nuclear genes came to restrict the timing of nucleomorph replication and chloroplast division.
Ein positiver ANA/ANCA-Befund – es muss nicht immer eine Kollagenose sein
Authors: Mayet Werner-Johannes 
Published: May 2017

ZusammenfassungDer Nachweis von Autoantikörpern ist mittlerweile essentieller Bestandteil der rheumatologischen Routinediagnostik von Kollagenosen bzw. Vaskulitiden. Dies gilt besonders für antinukleäre Antikörper (ANA) und anti-neutrophile zytoplasmatische Antikörper (ANCA). Da diese Antikörperspezifitäten jedoch auch bei gastroenterologischen Erkrankungen gefunden werden, sind durchaus Fehlinterpretationen möglich. So kann bspw. eine falsche Zuordnung eines Antikörperbefundes im Rahmen einer Virushepatitis zu einem für die gastroenterologische Grunderkrankung ungünstigen Einsatz von Immunsuppressiva führen. Um auf der sicheren Seite zu sein, ist also eine genaue Kenntnis der differenzialdiagnostischen Abgrenzung von ANA und ANCA Befunden in der Rheumatologie und Gastroenterologie notwendig.
Synthesis and Characterization of new Azecine-Derivatives as Potential Neuroleptics
Authors: Zergiebel Stephanie , Fleck Christian , Arndt Hans-Dieter , Enzensperger Christoph , Seeling Andreas 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDibenzo- and benzindolo-azecines represent a class of potential neuroleptics. To characterize the effectiveness at the dopamine and 5-HT2A-receptor representative structures were synthesized and tested by radio ligand binding studies, in vivo and in vitro studies.Neuroleptic potency and the risk of side effects of the prodrug 7-methyl-5,6,7,8,9,14-hexahydrodibenzo[d,g]azecin-3-yl isobutyrate, an ester derivative of the most promising azecine 7-methyl-5,6,7,8,9,14-hexahydrodibenzo[d,g]azecin-3-ol (LE404), was tested in vivo concerning conditioned avoidance response inhibition, locomotor activity and triggering of catalepsy vs. haloperidol as a reference. Also ester hydrolysis was examined using porcine liver esterase to thereby obtain an indication of the stability of the prodrug in vivo. An HPLC method was developed for purity control and determination of octanol/water-distribution coefficients.It has been shown that the tested substances in their efficacy are comparable to haloperidol and risperidone, but the therapeutic index in most cases is larger. Esterification as a prodrug principle leads to significantly prolonged effectiveness.
Klinisch-praktische Prüfungen in der orthopädischen Lehre: Wer ist der „ideale“ Prüfer?
Authors: Melcher Peter , Roth Andreas , Ghanem Mohamed , Rotzoll Daisy 
Published: May 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die ärztliche Ausbildung fordert in zunehmendem Maße einen hohen Anteil an Praxis im Studium. An vielen medizinischen Fakultäten in Deutschland wird mittlerweile die OSCE-Prüfung (OSCE: objective structured clinical examination) eingesetzt, um praktische Fertigkeiten sowie Lernziele der Arzt-Patienten-Kommunikation zu überprüfen. Die Vermittlung praktischer Fertigkeiten wird zunehmend unterstützt durch Einsatz von Simulatoren- und Simulationspatiententraining unter Einsatz des sog. „Peer-Teaching“-Verfahrens durch geschulte studentische Tutoren. In dieser Arbeit wird erstmalig der Einsatz von studentischen Tutoren als Prüfer in der OSCE-Prüfung Orthopädie dahingehend überprüft, ob unterschiedliche Bewertungen der Leistung durch einen Hochschullehrer oder studentischen Tutor erfolgen.
Material und Methoden Prospektiv wurden die Daten von n = 94 aus n = 324 Studierenden des 5. Fachsemesters erhoben, die im März/April 2016 der OSCE-Station „Untersuchung der Wirbelsäule“ zurandomisiert wurden. Eine strukturierte Checkliste wurde hierzu entworfen und die beiden Prüfer (ein Hochschullehrer des Fachbereichs Orthopädie, ein studentischer Tutor) entsprechend geschult. Die Checkliste wurde von beiden Prüfern unabhängig voneinander ausgefüllt und anschließend einer statistischen Auswertung zugeführt. Die Auswertung nach Gesamtpunkten, Bewertungsblöcken und Prüfungstagen erfolgte mittels SPSS.
Ergebnisse Die durchschnittlich erreichte Punktzahl in der Gesamtbewertung lag bei 19,5 Punkten (maximal zu erreichende Punktzahl: 25), wobei der studentische Prüfer im Mittel 19,1 Punkte (SD ± 3,2), der Hochschullehrer 19,9 Punkte (SD ± 3,4) vergab. Signifikante Unterschiede in der Bewertung zeigten sich an Prüfungstag 1 (p < 0,001) und in der Gesamtauswertung (p < 0,001), während an den Prüfungstagen 2 und 3 einzeln betrachtet keine signifikanten Unterschiede zu vermerken waren.
Schlussfolgerung Die Untersuchung zeigt lediglich an Tag 1 der Prüfung eine signifikant strengere Bewertung durch den studentischen Tutor. Bei einer Punktedifferenz von 0,8 aus 25 Punkten im Mittel und einer Interrater-Reliabilität von 0,95 kann aus Sicht der Autoren eine OSCE-Prüfungsstation zur Bewertung von Untersuchungstechniken und Arzt-Patienten-Kommunikation in der Orthopädie nach entsprechender Schulung durch einen studentischen Tutor erfolgen. Grundvoraussetzung hierfür ist eine fundierte Schulung des studentischen Prüfers sowie die Entwicklung einer gut strukturierten und validierten Checkliste. Ebenso sollte eine stetige Plausibilitätsprüfung der Prüfungsergebnisse erfolgen.
Identifying reports of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) via a hybrid machine learning and crowdsourcing approach
Authors: Wallace Byron C , Noel-Storr Anna , Marshall Iain J , Cohen Aaron M , Smalheiser Neil R , Thomas James 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectivesIdentifying all published reports of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is an important aim, but it requires extensive manual effort to separate RCTs from non-RCTs, even using current machine learning (ML) approaches. We aimed to make this process more efficient via a hybrid approach using both crowdsourcing and ML.MethodsWe trained a classifier to discriminate between citations that describe RCTs and those that do not. We then adopted a simple strategy of automatically excluding citations deemed very unlikely to be RCTs by the classifier and deferring to crowdworkers otherwise.ResultsCombining ML and crowdsourcing provides a highly sensitive RCT identification strategy (our estimates suggest 95%–99% recall) with substantially less effort (we observed a reduction of around 60%–80%) than relying on manual screening alone.ConclusionsHybrid crowd-ML strategies warrant further exploration for biomedical curation/annotation tasks.
A Review of Clinical Influenza A and B Infections With Reduced Susceptibility to Both Oseltamivir and Zanamivir
Authors: Abed Yacine , Boivin Guy 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Anti-influenza drugs play major roles in the management of severe influenza infections. Neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs), which are active against all influenza A subtypes and the 2 major influenza B lineages, constitute the only class of antivirals recommended for the control of influenza epidemics and eventual pandemics. Thus, the emergence of NAI resistance could be a major clinical concern. Although most currently circulating influenza A and B strains are susceptible to NAIs, clinical cases of influenza viruses harboring single or multiple NA substitutions or deletions conferring a cross-resistance phenotype to the 2 main NAIs (oseltamivir and zanamivir) have been reported, mostly in immunocompromised individuals. Moreover, such events seem to be more frequent in A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses containing the H274Y substitution together with other NA changes (I222R, E119D/G). This review summarizes the therapeutic regimens leading to the emergence of NAI cross-resistant influenza A and B viruses as well as the virologic properties of such variants.
Exposure of the External Carotid Artery Through the Posterior Triangle of the Neck: A Novel Approach to Facilitate Bypass Procedures to the Posterior Cerebral Circulation
Authors: Meybodi Ali Tayebi , Lawton Michael T. , Mokhtari Pooneh , Kola Olivia , El-Sayed Ivan H. , Benet Arnau 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The external carotid artery (ECA) is the main high-flow donor for extracranial–intracranial revascularization procedures. However, anatomic restraints limit the availability of ECA in posterior exposures of the craniocervical junction aimed for bypass to distal vertebral artery segments.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the feasibility and safety of exposure of the ECA through the posterior triangle of the neck.

METHODS: A preliminary feasibility study on the posterior neck exposure of the ECA was performed in 1 cadaveric head (2 sides) followed by a morphometric study on 9 cadaveric heads (18 sides). Through an extension of the muscular stage of the far-lateral approach, the fascial plane between the posterior belly of the digastric muscle and the capsule of the parotid gland was dissected inferior to the C1. Topographic anatomy of the exposed distal segment of the ECA was defined in detail, including bony landmarks and the facial nerve.

RESULTS: ECA was found successfully using the proposed technique in all specimens. In 90% of the specimens, ECA was exposed without transgression of the capsule of the parotid gland. The facial nerve was not encountered during the surgical exposures.

CONCLUSION: ECA can be safely and effectively exposed through the posterior triangle of the neck using the proposed approach. This method can facilitate extracranial–intracranial bypass procedures to V3/V4 vertebral artery. Advantages of this novel approach are shortening the graft length and surgical timing, less invasiveness, and optimizing surgical trajectories for completion of both donor and recipient bypass anastomosis.
Does Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy for the Open Abdomen Benefit the Patient? A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Krebs Bojan , Jagrič Tomaž 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:
Negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is the most modern and sophisticated method of temporary abdominal closure. The aim of the study was to determine the significant predictors for mortality in patients with NPWT.

SETTING:
University Clinical Centre Maribor, Slovenia

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The authors performed a retrospective cohort study of all patients treated with NPWT between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2014.

RESULTS:
In the univariate analysis, the type of wound closure, more than 7 NPWT changes, the total days with NPWT, and time to wound closure were significantly associated with death of the patient. In the multivariate analysis, only the number of more than 7 NPWT changes was found as a significant predictor for death (P = .038).

CONCLUSIONS:
Negative-pressure wound therapy is a method of choice for the treatment of open abdomen if there is a clear indication. However, clinicians should try all measures to remove the NPWT system and close the abdomen as soon as possible because prolonged use is associated with significantly higher mortality.
Subcrestal Iliac-Screw
Authors: Liu Gabriel , Hasan Muhammed Y. , Wong Hee-Kit 
Published: May 2017

Study Design.
Case-series.

Objective.
To report our modified iliac-screw insertion technique and its clinical outcomes.

Summary of Background Data.
Iliac-screws are one of the preferred methods for modern spinopelvic-fixation. However, the technique is not without complications, predominantly because of iliac-screw head prominence, leading to pain and revisions. Conventional iliac-screw entry point is sited superficially at the posterior-superior-iliac-spine (PSIS) contributing to screw-head prominence. We propose a more low-profile, subcrestal entry point that is more medial and inferior to the PSIS at the medial wall of the iliac crest, lying underneath the crest but above the sacroiliac joint. This position keeps the screw-head low profile and in-line with proximal instrumentation to ease rod engagement.

Methods.
Ten consecutive patients who underwent spinal deformity correction surgery using the modified iliac-screw entry point fixations were enrolled. Clinical, radiological, and surgical parameters were reviewed.

Results.
Five males and five females with average age of 66 years and average follow up of 29 months were reviewed. Mean preoperative Cobb angle and C7-SVA were 32.1° and 10.3 cm, respectively. Surgical indication was progressive deformity and neurogenic claudication in eight cases and fracture in two cases. Twenty noncannulated, polyaxial iliac-screws with median dimension of 7.5 x 75 mm were inserted free hand. Bilateral S1 screws were used in all except two cases. Only five out of 16 iliac-screws with concomitant S1 screws needed side-connectors. At the last follow up only one iliac-screw head was felt to be prominent but without pain in a Parkinson's patient. None of the 10 patients had cases of revision, breakages, or sacroiliac pain.

Conclusion.
Subcrestal iliac-screw insertion is feasible, safe, and has the potential to reduce screw-head complications and avoid the use of side-connectors, lowering construct complexity and cost. The technique has the advantage of both the low-profile S2 alar iliac screw and the ease of free-hand insertion of the traditional iliac-screw.

Level of Evidence: 4