bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental study on the mechanical behavior of laminates made by fiber steering: influence of fiber angle and tow width
Authors: Liu Chen , Tan Jing , Qiao Xiaoyao , Wang Xianfeng , Li Xingze , Xiao Jun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This work considers the effects of fiber trajectory and prepreg width on the material strength and failure behavior of variable stiffness composites. The test matrix was designed according to commonly used fiber placement trajectory and width of prepreg in engineering. Different trajectories were compared for tensile, compressive, bending, shear and CAI strengths. For tensile and compressive performance, curved ply specimens have varying degrees of decrease compared to straight ply specimens; For shear and bending performance, the optimal layup sequence is [±45/〈30|45〉]. For impact toughness, curved ply is significantly higher than straight ply, and the CAI strength of straight ply exceeds that of curved ply. For variable stiffness laminate with different fiber angles and tow widths, the maximum tensile, compressive and CAI strengths were reduced by up to 66%, 56%, and 27%, and the maximum bending strength, shear strength and impact toughness were increased by up to 53%, 23%, and 10.3%, respectively. The increase in width of prepreg leads to an increase in defects between fiber bundles which weakens the tensile/compressive performance but enhances the shear/bending performance.
Effects of resistance spot welding parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of the dissimilar welded joint of quenching and partitioning steels
Authors: Yang Yonggang , Su Zexuan , Zuo Wangnan , Ni Daojun , Hu Yuantao , Wei Zhichao , Mi Zhenli 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this study, the effect of welding currents and welding times on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the dissimilar welded joints of Q&P980 and Q&P1180 steel was investigated. The macrostructure and microstructure of the dissimilar welded joints were characterized and the relationship between the welding parameters and the mechanical performance was analyzed using confocal laser scanning microscope, scanning electron microscope, and mechanical properties testers. Results show that with the increasing welding current and welding time, the nugget diameter, indentation rate, and maximum shear force of the dissimilar joint increase. The absorption energy of the dissimilar joint increases when the welding current rises, while it increases first and then decreases with elevating welding time. All the hardness distributions of the dissimilar Q&P980/Q&P1180 joints exhibit the highest hardness value in the fusion zone and a gradually decreasing hardness value in the heat-affected zone. Moreover, with increasing current and time, much higher hardness occurs at the FZ/HAZ boundary. The microstructure characterization illustrates the martensite fraction in the intercritical heat-affected zone of the Q&P1180 side is higher than that of the Q&P980 side after the welding process. With the increase of welding current and time, the lath martensite in the fusion zone gradually coarsens. The coarsening martensite and the nugget diameter are responsible for the change in the shear force and energy absorption of the dissimilar Q&P980/Q&P1180 joints.
Effect of x-ray irradiation on magnetocaloric materials, (MnNiSi)1-x(Fe2Ge)x and LaFe13-x-yMnxSiyHz
Authors: Nunez John Peter J , Sharma Vaibhav , Rojas Jessika V , Barua Radhika , Hadimani Ravi L 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Understanding the behavior of magnetocaloric materials when exposed to high-energy x-ray irradiation is pivotal for advancing magnetic cooling technologies under extreme environments. This study investigates the magnetic and structural changes of two well-studied magnetocaloric materials, (MnNiSi)1−x(Fe2Ge)x composition (x = 0.34) and LaFe13-x-yMnxSiyHz composition (x = 0.30,y = 0.1.26 and z = 1.53) alloys upon irradiation. The alloys were exposed to x-ray radiation with a dosage of a continuous sweeping rate of ∼>120 Gy min−1 and an absorbed dose of 35 kGy . Both the samples didn’t show any observable crystal change after irradiation. There was a considerable change in magnetization at low applied magnetic fields in magnetization versus temperature measurements from 2.72 emu g−1 to 4.01 emu g−1 in the irradiated (MnNiSi)1−x(Fe2Ge)x sample and 4.41 emu g−1 to 5.49 emu/g for the LaFe13-x-yMnxSiyHz alloys. The Magnetization versus magnetic field isotherms near transition temperature exhibited irradiation-induced magnetic hysteresis for the (MnNiSi)1−x(Fe2Ge)x (x = 0.34) while the LaFe13-x-yMnxSiyHz samples did not result in any irradiation-induced magnetic hysteresis. In both the samples the magnitude of entropy change did not change due to irradiation however, the peak entropy change shifted to different temperatures in both the samples, (MnNiSi)1−x(Fe2Ge)x (x = 0.34), showed a maximum entropy change, ΔSmag of ∼ 11.139 J/kgK at 317.5 K compared to ΔSmag of ∼ 11.349 J/kgK at Tave peak of 312.5 K for the irradiated sample. LaFe13-x-yMnxSiyHz, pristine sample exhibited a maximum magnetic entropy change, ΔSmag ∼ 18.663 J/kgK, with the corresponding peak temperature, Tave peak, of 295 K compared to ΔSmag ∼ 18.736 J/kgK, at Tave peak of 300 K. It was determined that irradiation applied to the samples did not induce any structural or magnetic phase changes in the selected compositions but rather modified the magnetic properties marginally.
Enhanced the sensing sensitivity of the metamaterial absorbers with patterned convex graphene in the terahertz
Authors: Liu Yun , Ma Shilin , Xiong Zuhong , Xiong Bin , Cheng Lihong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this paper, a patterned graphene metamaterial terahertz absorber is theoretically designed. The proposed absorber consists of a gold layer, a dielectric layer of SiO2, and graphene. The sensing sensitivity of the proposed absorber is simulated for the absence and presence of a square convex nanostructure, trapezoidal convex nanostructure, and rounded convex nanostructure. The sensitivity comparison between convex and absent convex nanostructures is studied, compared to no convex nanostructure, the simulated results show that the sensing sensitivity can be improved with the convex nanostructures, it is found that the absorber has two obvious absorption peaks, and it is insensitive to TE and TM polarization, and the maximum sensitivity corresponding to low-frequency and high-frequency modes is 0.911 THz RIU−1 and 1.561 THz RIU−1, respectively. Our work will play an important role in improving the sensing sensitivity of the graphene metamaterial absorber. Meanwhile, it can also greatly promote the application of biological sensing, modulation, integrated photodetectors, frequency selectors, sensors, filters and so on.
Carbon emissions reduction path of logistics industry in Hebei, China: based on internal factors
Authors: Lin Shuangjiao , Gao Yahao , Xu Shuting , Wu Tongyu , Li Minjie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
To explore the optimal carbon emissions reduction path for the logistics industry in Hebei Province, China, this paper considers internal factors such as logistics agglomeration, transportation structure, and technology innovation as regulatory measures. The system dynamics method is employed to simulate the effects of carbon emissions reduction for each factor. Then, based on examining the interactive relationships among these internal factors, the paper proposes the optimal carbon emissions reduction path for Hebei Province’s logistics industry under different sequences of implementing the three measures. The results indicate that logistics agglomeration, transportation structure, and technological innovation can contribute to varying degrees of carbon emissions reduction in logistics. By 2030, it is projected that logistics agglomeration will result in a reduction of 21,799 million tons of carbon emissions while transportation structure and technology innovation will lead to reductions of 23,459 million tons and 20,778 million tons respectively compared to the BAU scenario. Furthermore, intricate interactions exist among these three internal measures. The optimal path for reducing carbon emissions is TSI-AGD-LTI. Specifically, to optimize the transportation structure first, relieve the pressure of logistics carbon emissions aggravated by logistics agglomeration, promote the cross-regional transfer of logistics carbon emissions, and then improve the level of technology innovation to strengthen further the logistics carbon emissions reduction effect of transportation structure adjustment.
A step closer towards active and flexible consumers: enhancing involvement through energy consumption feedback
Authors: Milev Ivana , Prislan Lev , Zajc Matej 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The level of consumer awareness and comprehension, during a period of abundant energy services, has a crucial role in their initial adoption and later engagement with the services. Digital energy platforms bring the ≫intangible electricity≪ closer to people’s daily lives and encourage new ways of thinking about and consuming energy. Energy feedback connects consumer’s consumption to their daily activities and provides insights. It enables them to learn about the consumption, learn how to reduce or optimise it and later, learn how to be flexible when needed. Besides investigating how familiar are the Slovenian households with their own consumption and energy related behaviour, the goal of this paper is also to investigate their preferences in visualizing their electricity consumption. The consumption estimation was validated on real case study using data from 642 Slovenian households. Results show that consumers that use electricity for space and water heating, underestimated their consumption up to 22.5%. A categorization of households based on their water and space heating systems is also presented.
Climate change and extremes in the Mediterranean island of Cyprus: from historical trends to future projections
Authors: Lazoglou Georgia , Hadjinicolaou Panos , Sofokleous Ioannis , Bruggeman Adriana , Zittis George 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Cyprus is a European island state in the eastern Mediterranean climate change hotspot. Despite being a relatively small island, it has diverse climatic zones, ranging from semi-arid to subhumid in the mountains and humid on Mount Olympos. Given the accelerated rate of environmental change in the region, the present study aims to identify, and update observed trends of critical climate parameters, highlighting vulnerable climatic areas within the island. Moreover, since nationwide multi-model assessments of future climate conditions are limited or outdated, we aim to investigate the range of future climate projections using a 21-member EURO-CORDEX ensemble under pathways RCP2.6 and RCP8.5. Besides mean conditions, we analyze various extreme climate indicators relevant to socio-economic activities such as agriculture, biodiversity, tourism, energy and water resources. Our historical analysis revealed a statistically significant increasing temperature trend (0.4 °C–0.6 °C per decade), which is more pronounced during the summer and spring. Concerning precipitation, the observed trends are not as robust, nevertheless, the southeastern coast and the central regions near the capital city of Nicosia are substantially drier and more prone to further changes in precipitation regimes. The projections for the end of the 21st century, according to the high radiative forcing scenario (RCP8.5), indicate that Cyprus is likely to experience an annual temperature increase of over 4 °C and an approximate 20%–30% reduction in annual rainfall, relative to 1981–2000. These projections highlight an alarming trend that requires urgent attention and proactive measures to mitigate the potential impacts of climate change on the island.
Review of biodiversity assessment and resource management orientation for sustainable rural development in Lang Son province, Vietnam
Authors: Thi Thanh Hue Hoang , Quan Pan Ze , Lap Kieu Quoc 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study examines the conservation and biodiversity management efforts in Lang Son province, Vietnam, in the context of global environmental concerns. Under Decision No 2447/QD-UBND, the province’s Special-use Forest Planning focuses on conserving areas such as the Huu Lien Nature Reserve and the Mau Son special-use forests. This initiative covers a substantial planned land area to sustain biodiversity and foster rural development up to 2030. Recent surveys indicate a notable increase in plant species within these areas, from 842 species in 2017 to 961 in 2019, and significant efforts towards conserving endangered species like the Asiatic black bear and the Annam flying frog. The province encompasses diverse ecosystems spread across 832,075.82 ha, characterized by varied terrains and climates contributing to its rich biodiversity. These regions are crucial for various species, including those listed in conservation documents, such as the 77 plant species recorded. RAP-Plant analysis and Monte Carlo simulation indicate that Lang Son’s biodiversity, with a Shannon index of 2.85 and Simpson index of 0.75, is threatened by a projected forest area decline to 514,578.61 ha by 2040, risking extinction for rare species like Hoang dan and Lan kim tuyen. Furthermore, Lang Son’s strategic initiatives towards sustainable agricultural practices, forest management, and restoration efforts highlight the integration of biodiversity conservation into broader socio-economic development plans. The province’s approach aligns with global strategies emphasizing the protection of endangered and endemic species as essential to maintaining ecological balances and supporting sustainable development. This study underscores the importance of comprehensive regional planning and community engagement in biodiversity conservation efforts to mitigate economic development, illegal activities, and climate change challenges. Threats such as illegal logging and habitat fragmentation persist, necessitating more vital community-based conservation efforts and robust legal frameworks.
The influence of public awareness on public participation in environmental governance: empirical evidence in China
Authors: Zhang Lisha , Yue Mingyang , Qu Lingfei , Ren Biao , Zhu Tao , Zheng Rong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Public participation in environmental governance is conducive to alleviating environmental pollution. To mobilize the enthusiasm of the public to participate in environmental governance, using nationwide Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) samples on China, we analyse the influence of public awareness on four kinds of public participation in environmental governance: conscious participation, induced participation, input participation and ex-post participation. The results show that awareness of environmental risk and media usage positively affect the four kinds of public participation behaviours. Public members with a frugal lifestyle tend to be induced to participate. Awareness of governmental interactions promotes public participation, especially input participation behaviour, in environmental governance. Public members with positive legal awareness tend to opt for ex-post participation. Unobstructed channels of environmental rights protection and higher levels of environmental cognition are important factors in promoting public participation in environmental governance. However, the public’s low evaluation of government environmental governance and the public’s pursuit of short-term economic interests reduces enthusiasm for participation. The results passed the endogeneity and robustness tests. As real local environmental governance is not always consistent with the public’s evaluation of it, the inconsistency may influence public participation in environmental governance.
Synergy of nitrogen dopants and cobalt single atoms in calcium niobate nanosheets for photocatalytic oxygen evolution
Authors: ul Haq Sajjad , Dong Chung-Li , Huang Yu-Cheng , Moiz ur Rehman Rana , Djatoubai Essossimna , Lin Zhi , Khan Muhammad Shuaib , Shen Shaohua 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The successful separation of photoexcited charge carriers and their effective utilization are crucial for overcoming the slow kinetics of the four-electron process for photocatalytic oxygen evolution. Herein, a novel strategy utilizing urea as a source of N-doping on Ca2Nb3O10 nanosheets is adopted, followed by the successful deposition of Co single atoms (Co-SAs) to achieve a synergistic effect. The presence of N-dopants and Co-SAs is validated via various experimental techniques. It is also observed that the presence of N-doping contributed towards the deposition of higher content of Co-SAs (0.21 wt%) in Ca2Nb3O10−x
N
x
-CoSA nanosheets compared to 0.15 wt% for non-doped Ca2Nb3O10-CoSA. The optimized Ca2Nb3O10−x
N
x
-CoSA nanosheets exhibited an impressive photocatalytic O2 evolution of ∼727.22 µmol g−1 h−1 via the synergy of N-dopants and Co-SAs. As a result, the O2 evolution response of Ca2Nb3O10−x
N
x
-CoSA is 3.6 times higher than that of pristine Ca2Nb3O10 nanosheets (201.26 µmol g−1 h−1), 2.24 times better than Ca2Nb3O10−x
N
x
nanosheets (323.42 µmol g−1 h−1), and 1.77 times higher compared to Ca2Nb3O10-CoSA, (409.33 µmol g−1 h−1), which clearly demonstrated the synergistic effect of N-dopants and Co-SAs in Ca2Nb3O10−x
N
x
-CoSA nanosheets. Based on the findings of various characterization techniques, the co-presence of N-dopants and Co-SAs is observed to contribute towards better charge carrier separation, and utilization to achieve superior photocatalytic response. Thus, this study presents a novel approach for incorporating N-dopants and Co-SAs on Ca2Nb3O10 nanosheets, which can be extended to a wide range of nanosheets produced by the soft chemical exfoliation method.
The impact of pulsed Nd:YAG laser on the surface of n-Si and photo-electrical performance of silicon solar cells
Authors: Mohd Rais Ahmad Rujhan , Mohd Sinin Nurul Aqidah , Abdul Hamid Siti Nor Fazlina , Sopian Kamaruzzaman , Sepeai Suhaila 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Texturizing the surface of a silicon solar cell enhances performance by reducing reflection losses. Pyramidal texturization via wet chemical etching is standard in manufacturing, while plasma etching is often used for vertical hole texturization. Laser texturization offers a chemical-free, user-friendly alternative to plasma etching. Infrared (IR) transmission studies indicate that laser-textured samples transmit more IR light through n-Si than normally textured samples, suggesting that vertical grooves from laser texturization allow deeper light penetration. Analyses using cross-sectional Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersion x-ray (EDX), and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) demonstrate the effects of laser texturization on the front surface of textured n-Si wafers. However, silicon solar cells with laser-textured surfaces demonstrated lower conversion efficiencies (1.20% to 4.30%) compared to conventionally textured cells (14.30%). The short-circuit current density (JSC) was also lower in laser-textured cells, below 17 mA cm−2, compared to 34.44 mA cm−2 in normally textured cells. At the same time, higher laser power (114 W) during texturization also led to the lowest JSC and open-circuit voltage (VOC), indicating that laser texturization may introduce defects and dislocations that degrade Si properties.
Characterization of Taguchi optimized fiber reinforced copper slag concrete composites with strength properties
Authors: Dayal Deepak , Panda Swetapadma , Sarkar Pradip 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Establishing the ideal design has always been a difficulty for concrete engineers because of the inclusion of many alternative construction materials particularly when dealing with the incorporation of slag elements and fibers in concrete mix design. In this study, the Taguchi optimization method is implemented to predict the optimal mix design of fiber reinforced copper slag aggregate concrete (FRCSC) with mechanical strength properties. For this purpose, different parameters influencing mechanical strength were defined based on the available literature. The Taguchi approach was subsequently applied to develop an orthogonal array of parameters, and experimental tests were carried out in accordance with the suggested design array to acquire experimental data for each and every strength property. Three major influencing parameters like fiber length (FL), fiber percentage (FP), and copper slag content (CS) were considered in order to get optimal mix design for FRCSC. Analysis of variance was also employed to evaluate the effective factors on compressive, split-tensile, flexural, water absorption and void content properties for FRCSC. It was found that the proposed method was effective in finding the optimal mixture design from strength point of FRCSC and the experimental results indicated a significant improvement in five selected strength properties of FRCSC. From the results of Taguchi analysis, it can be concluded that, for five selected strength properties, 60% CS + 1% of fiber + 20 mm of fiber length is the optimal mix design combination for FRCSC. Finally, physical and microstructural characterization through FESEM and EDX were carried out to have a closer justification for the test results.
Refining Estimation of the Instantaneous Reproduction Number During Early Pandemic Stages: Addressing Case-Reporting Variability and Serial Interval Uncertainty
Authors: Hettinger Gary , Rubin David , Huang Jing 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
During infectious disease outbreaks, estimates for the instantaneous reproduction number, R(t), are essential for understanding transmission dynamics. This study develops and analyzes new methodology to improve estimation of R(t) when observed case counts are subject to reporting patterns and available serial interval estimates are subject to uncertainty and non-representativeness.
Specifically, we developed a Bayesian time-since-infection model with layers to adjust for reporting measurement error, integrate multiple candidate serial interval estimates, and estimate transmission with an autoregressive time-series model incorporating factors relevant to transmission. Additionally, we provide practical tools to identify reporting patterns and determine when to smooth case counts for more usable R(t) estimates. We evaluated model performance relative to widely adopted methodology by simulating outbreak data, finding improved R(t) estimation with the proposed methodology. We also used 2020 COVID-19 data to analyze transmission trends and predictors, identifying strong day-of-week and social distancing effects that subsequently reduced estimate volatility.
In addition to new approaches for addressing serial interval uncertainty and incorporating transmission predictor information, this study provides an alternative approach for addressing case-reporting patterns without delaying detection or smoothing over relevant transmission signals. These tools and findings may be used or built upon for current and future outbreaks.