bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental formation enthalpies for intermetallic phases and other inorganic compounds
Authors: Kim George , Meschel S. V. , Nash Philip , Chen Wei 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe standard enthalpy of formation of a compound is the energy associated with the reaction to form the compound from its component elements. The standard enthalpy of formation is a fundamental thermodynamic property that determines its phase stability, which can be coupled with other thermodynamic data to calculate phase diagrams. Calorimetry provides the only direct method by which the standard enthalpy of formation is experimentally measured. However, the measurement is often a time and energy intensive process. We present a dataset of enthalpies of formation measured by high-temperature calorimetry. The phases measured in this dataset include intermetallic compounds with transition metal and rare-earth elements, metal borides, metal carbides, and metallic silicides. These measurements were collected from over 50 years of calorimetric experiments. The dataset contains 1,276 entries on experimental enthalpy of formation values and structural information. Most of the entries are for binary compounds but ternary and quaternary compounds are being added as they become available. The dataset also contains predictions of enthalpy of formation from first-principles calculations for comparison.
Therapie der immunvermittelten paraneoplastischen neurologischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Ayzenberg Ilya , Gold Ralf , Kleiter Ingo 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungDie paraneoplastischen neurologischen Erkrankungen sind insgesamt selten und zeichnen sich durch eine mannigfaltige klinische Präsentation aus. Sie können sowohl das zentrale und periphere Nervensystem als auch den neuromuskulären Übergang und die Muskulatur betreffen. In zweidrittel der Fälle ist der Tumor zum Zeitpunkt des Auftretens der neurologischen Symptome noch nicht bekannt. Für die Diagnosestellung sind eine Testung der antineuronalen Antikörper und eine gezielte Tumorsuche notwendig. Eine schnellstmögliche adäquate Tumortherapie in Kombination mit einer Immuntherapie sind die Grundpfeiler der Behandlung von paraneoplastischen Erkrankungen. Aufgrund des Fehlens von kontrollierten Studien basieren die Therapieempfehlungen auf Fallserien und Expertenmeinungen. Im Akutstadium werden meist eine Steroidstoßtherapie, intravenöse Immunglobuline oder die therapeutische Apherese angewendet. Angesichts des potenziell irreversiblen Schadens muss diese Therapie früh, ggf. bereits während der Tumordiagnostik, begonnen werden. Für die Langzeittherapie werden je nach Krankheitsbild unterschiedliche Immunsuppressiva empfohlen. Neben der Tumorprognose hängt der Krankheitsverlauf weitgehend davon ab, ob die Antikörper gegen intrazelluläre Antigene oder gegen Oberflächenantigene gerichtet sind. Letztere Erkrankungen sprechen auf B-Zell gerichtete Therapien gut an und sind mit einer deutlich besseren Prognose assoziiert. Diese Übersichtsarbeit fasst die aktuellen Therapieempfehlungen zusammen und gibt einen Ausblick auf einige noch nicht validierte, aber perspektivisch interessante Ansätze.
Aufgaben und Struktur moderner Epilepsiezentren in Deutschland
Authors: Surges Rainer , Alber Michael , Bast Thomas , Baier Hartmut , Bien Christian , Borggraefe Ingo , Bösebeck Frank , Brandl Ulrich , Hamer Hajo , Hethey Sven , Holtkamp Martin , Jacobs Julia , Kellinghaus Christoph , Kerling Frank , Knake Susanne , Kunze Albrecht , Kurlemann Gerhard , Laufs Helmut , Lerche Holger , Mayer Thomas , Möddel Gabriel , Neubauer Bernd. , Noachtar Soheyl , Panzer Axel , Podewils Felix , Polster Tilman , Rona Sabine , Rosenow Felix , Schmitz Bettina , Schulze-Bonhage Andreas , Spiczak Sarah , Staudt Martin , Steinhoff Bernhard , Stephani Ulrich , Stodieck Stefan , Straub Hans-Beatus , Strzelczyk Adam , Wellmer Jörg , Elger Christian 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungEpilepsien zählen zu den häufigsten neurologischen Erkrankungen mit etwa 600 000 Betroffenen in Deutschland. Symptome epileptischer Anfälle, die Vielzahl möglicher Epilepsieursachen und die unterschiedlichen Krankheitsverläufe erschweren sowohl die korrekte Diagnosestellung als auch die Auswahl einer geeigneten Therapie (Antikonvulsiva, epilepsiechirurgische Eingriffe, Neurostimulationsverfahren, ketogene Ernährungstherapien, Verhaltensstrategien u. a.). Zudem haben krankheitsspezifische Risiken sowie häufig auftretende Komorbiditäten nicht selten gravierende psychosoziale Konsequenzen. Daher wird bei der Versorgung von Menschen mit Epilepsie neben der vollständigen Anfallskontrolle ohne Nebenwirkungen und der Lebensqualität auch die Kontrolle bzw. Linderung typischer Begleiterkrankungen und Risiken angestrebt. Um diese Behandlungsziele zu erreichen, sind spezifische Fachkenntnisse und Untersuchungsmöglichkeiten erforderlich, die von spezialisierten Zentren vorgehalten werden. Epilepsiezentren sind als überregionale Kompetenzzentren definiert, die über spezielle Expertise und eine besondere Ausstattung zur ambulanten und stationären Versorgung von Patienten mit Epilepsien und verwandten Erkrankungen verfügen. Zu ihren Aufgaben zählen u. a. die umfassende Diagnostik, Differenzialdiagnostik und Therapie von Epilepsiepatienten sowie die multiprofessionelle und interdisziplinäre Beratung von Angehörigen und Eltern. Dieser Artikel fasst die diagnostischen und therapeutischen Herausforderungen bei der Versorgung von Menschen mit Epilepsien zusammen, beschreibt die personellen, apparativen und institutionellen Voraussetzungen von Epilepsiezentren und gibt eine Übersicht über die Vergütung epileptologischer Spezialleistungen nach G-DRG. Darüber hinaus werden Merkmale einzelner Epilepsiezentren in Deutschland skizziert sowie Perspektiven und Möglichkeiten zur Verbesserung der Versorgung von Epilepsiepatienten diskutiert.
Beschreibung und Analyse der Partner in Netzwerken der Hospiz- und Palliativversorgung in Bayern an der Schnittstelle ambulant-stationär: Eine Mixed-Methods-Studie
Authors: Herbst Franziska , Stiel Stephanie , Heckel Maria , Ostgathe Christoph 
Published: October 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Das Bayerische Staatsministerium für Gesundheit und Pflege unterstützt den Auf- und Ausbau von Versorgungsnetzwerken der Hospiz- und Palliativversorgung in Bayern. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist, die ambulant-stationären Partnerkonstellationen der Netzwerke systematisch zu beschreiben und zu analysieren.
Methodik In einem mehrstufigen Verfahren wurden eine Bestandserhebung mittels semistrukturierter Interviews (März – Juni 2015) und eine Diagnosewerkstatt zur Diskussion der Interviewergebnisse (November 2015) ausgerichtet. Die erhobenen Daten der Bestandserhebung wurden angelehnt an die Grounded Theory qualitativ ausgewertet. Anzahl von Netzwerkpartnern und Formalisierungsgrad der Beziehung wurden in einer Online-Umfrage (April – Juni 2016) erhoben und quantitativ ausgewertet. Koordinatoren und Vorstände von bayerischen Netzwerken der Hospiz- und Palliativversorgung bilden die Studienpopulation.
Ergebnisse Die Teilnehmer (n = 16; weiblich = 12, männlich = 4; Durchschnittsalter: 53,8 Jahre) stellen in der Bestandsanalyse und Diagnosewerkstatt die Partner aus ambulanten und stationären Versorgungsbereichen differenziert dar. Netzwerkvertreter beschreiben Ziele von Netzwerken der Hospiz- und Palliativversorgung, Partner, Gewinnung und Kooperationsvereinbarungen. Die quantitative Erhebung zeigt, dass in 12 Netzwerken zentrale Partner aus 36 ambulanten und stationären Versorgungsbereichen vertreten sind. Zu den Partnern, die am häufigsten als zentrale Partner benannt wurden, gehören Hospizvereine, Palliativstationen, Haus- und Fachärzte, Kliniken allgemein, Teams der spezialisierten ambulanten Palliativversorgung und stationäre Pflegeheime. Zudem beurteilen Netzwerkvertreter in der Online-Umfrage 92,6 % der am häufigsten genannten weiteren Netzwerkpartner als eher oder sehr wichtig für das Netzwerk.
Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse der Erhebungen bilden einen zentralen Teil einer Handreichung „Netzwerke der Hospiz- und Palliativversorgung in Bayern“.
Hot avulsion may be effective as salvage treatment for focal Barrett’s esophagus remaining after endoscopic therapy for dysplasia or early cancer: a preliminary study
Authors: Aranda-Hernández Javier , Shimamura Yuto , Grin Andrea , Iwaya Yugo , Cirocco Maria , Kandel Gabor , May Gary , Kortan Paul , Raftopoulos Spiro , Marcon Norman 
Published: October 2017

Background and study aim Both endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) are used to treat Barrett’s esophagus (BE) complicated by dysplasia and intramucosal cancer. However, focal areas of BE can remain after otherwise successful application of these techniques. We report the results of hot avulsion using a hot biopsy forceps to resect these residual focal areas.
Patients and methods This was a retrospective study from a prospective database in a tertiary reference center from August 2013 to May 2015. All included patients had undergone hot avulsion for eradication of residual focal areas of BE that were ≤ 1 cm and not suspicious for dysplasia, following at least one previous endoscopic treatment for dysplasia or intramucosal cancer.
Results 35 patients harboring 124 residual areas of 1 – 7 mm were treated with hot avulsion. After a mean follow-up of 17.4 months, all patients achieved complete eradication of residual focal BE. One of the patients required a second hot avulsion treatment. Hot avulsion provided samples in all cases but limited the assessment of dysplasia (cautery artifact) in 20.2 % of them. The only complication was bleeding in two patients, which was easily stopped by soft coagulation.
Conclusions Hot avulsion appears to be effective and safe in removing focal BE ≤ 1 cm at its greatest length remaining after endoscopic treatment for dysplasia or early cancer. Further studies are required before this technique can be considered the standard of care.
PreImplantation Factor (PIF*) Regulates Stress-Induced Adrenal Steroidogenesis and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines: Potential Application for Bioartificial Adrenal Transplant
Authors: Balyura Mariya , Gelfgat Evgeny , Ullmann Enrico , Ludwig Barbara , Barnea Eytan , Bornstein Stefan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe main treatment algorithm for adrenal insufficiency is hormonal replacement, however, inadequate hormone substitution often leads to severe side effects. Adrenal cell transplantation could be a more effective alternative but would require life-long immune suppressive therapy. PreImplantation Factor (PIF) is an endogenous peptide secreted by viable human embryos that leads to maternal tolerance without immunosuppression. PIF could be effective for xenogeneic cell transplantation such as of bovine adrenocortical cells (BAC), which are used for bioartificial adrenal gland development that may more effectively restore complex adrenal functions. We report here that PIF exerts a dual regulatory effect on BAC by targeting mostly hyper-activated cells to specifically reduce adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-stimulated cortisol secretion. Reverse transcription real time PCR analysis revealed that PIF modulates the expression of two genes in the cortisol synthesis pathway, Steroidogenic Factor 1 (SF1), an activator of steroidogenesis, and the downstream steroidogenic enzyme Cytochrome P450 17A1 (CYP17A1). PIF increased basal expression of SF1 and CYP17A1 regardless of the activation level of the adrenocortical cells. In contrast, following ACTH stimulation, PIF reduced SF1 expression and induced expression of the immune suppressing anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10 only in the hyper-activated cells, suggesting both a protective and immune tolerant function. In conclusion, PIF regulates stress-induced adrenal steroidogenesis and immune tolerance in BAC, supporting a potential clinical application to reduce rejection by the host’s immune response following xenotransplantation.
Internistische Onkologie
Authors: Jäger Elke , Jäger Dirk 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungAuf dem diesjährigen ASCO gab es wenig bahnbrechende Neuerungen, vielmehr waren es die sehr vielen frühen, klinischen Studien mit neuen
Substanzen – Strategien, die teils viel Aufsehen erregten. Wir möchten im Folgenden für die wesentlichen Tumorentitäten die klinisch
relevanten Präsentationen zusammenfassen.
Conductivity and dissociation in liquid metallic hydrogen and implications for planetary interiors
Authors: Zaghoo Mohamed , Silvera Isaac F. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Liquid metallic hydrogen (LMH) is a fundamental system in condensed matter sciences and the main constituent of gas giant planets. Because of exceptional challenges in experimentation and theory, its transport properties remained poorly understood. We have conducted experimental determination of the optical conductivity of bulk LMH using spectrally resolved reflectance measurements on statically compressed and heated hydrogen. Metallic hydrogen’s mechanism of metallization is largely dissociative to an atomic state, rather than the previously held experimental model, ionization of molecules. We find that LMH’s electrical conductivity is substantially higher, a factor of 6–8, than the only experimentally reported value in the literature, measured in the dc limit. The implications of the current results to Jovian giants planetary models are discussed.
English–Greek code-switching in Greek Cypriot magazines and newspapers – an analysis of its textual forms and functions
Authors: Fotiou Constantina 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
This paper discusses the textual position, form, and functions of English–Greek code-switching, which occurs in the form of insertions, in Greek Cypriot print media. The data consist of seven magazines and seven newspapers. For the analysis of the data, a theoretical framework for written multilingualism is adopted and adapted, namely “English on top”. The presence of English in the mainstream Cypriot print media is scarce. Code-switching into English mainly takes the form of naming, heading, quotations, set phrases, and doublets; a doublet refers to the use of a word next to its translation in another language. It exhibits a variety of functions such as language play, emphasis, and clarification. This is not always the case, however. In some cases, no specific textual function can be attributed to the English insertions. In such cases, it is the symbolic and/or indexical function of English that is exploited.
Marginal quantile regression for dependent data with a working odds-ratio matrix
Authors: Bossoli Davide , Bottai Matteo 
Published: October 2017

SUMMARY
Dependent data arise frequently in applied research and several approaches to adjusting for the dependence among observations have been proposed in quantile regression. Cluster bootstrap is generally inefficient and computationally demanding, especially when the number of clusters is large. When the primary interest is on marginal quantiles, estimating equations have been proposed that estimate a working correlation matrix from the regression residuals’ sign. However, the Pearson’s correlation coefficient is an inadequate measure of dependence between binary variables because its range depends on their marginal probabilities. Instead, we propose to model the working correlation matrix through odds ratios. Different working structures can be easily estimated by suitable logistic regression models. These structures can be parametrized to depend on covariates and clusters. Simulations show that the proposed estimator has similar behavior to that of generalized estimating equations applied to regression for the mean. We study marginal quantiles of cognitive behavior with data from a randomized trial for treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder.
International Crises and China's Rise: Comparing the 2008 Global Financial Crisis and the 2017 Global Political Crisis
Authors: Womack Brantly 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The profound political uncertainties in international politics created by developments in the United States, Europe, the Middle East, and North Korea (DPRK) are similar in some respects to the economic uncertainties created by the global financial crisis of 2008. In both crises there is a sudden and general awareness of vulnerability, and it is unclear how long the current uncertainty will last. With the election of Donald Trump, the United States is again at the centre of a global crisis. China is again the least vulnerable of the major states. Everyone including China is disadvantaged by the current political crisis. However, in relative terms China stands to gain, as it did in 2008. The relative change in international relationships will be most obvious in Asia. The focus here is on the cycle of uncertainty that characterizes both crises. However, the effects of the current political crisis are likely to contrast with the effects of the earlier economic crisis. From 2008 to 2014, other countries were worried about their own economies and about the world economy in general, and also about what China’s arrival as a regional and global economic power might mean for them. Meanwhile, American leadership under Obama seemed less assertive, while China appeared to be more assertive. By contrast, in 2015, China’s economy had already entered a ‘new normal’ of slower economic growth, while its consolidated political leadership supports multilateral globalization. American political leadership is unpredictable in both general strategic terms and in terms of crisis management. Just as the world needed the economic lift provided by China in 2008, it now needs the political reassurance of stability that China appears to provide. However, the United States may find it difficult to adjust to the shift in political influence.
The Cohomology Rings of Regular Nilpotent Hessenberg Varieties in Lie Type A
Authors: Abe Hiraku , Harada Megumi , Horiguchi Tatsuya , Masuda Mikiya 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLet $n$ be a fixed positive integer and $h: \{1,2,\ldots,n\} \rightarrow \{1,2,\ldots,n\}$ a Hessenberg function. The main results of this paper are two-fold. First, we give a systematic method, depending in a simple manner on the Hessenberg function $h$, for producing an explicit presentation by generators and relations of the cohomology ring $H^\ast({\mathrm{Hess}}(\mathsf{N},h))$ with ${\mathbb Q}$ coefficients of the corresponding regular nilpotent Hessenberg variety ${\mathrm{Hess}}(\mathsf{N},h)$. Our result generalizes known results in special cases such as the Peterson variety and also allows us to answer a question posed by Mbirika and Tymoczko. Moreover, our list of generators in fact forms a regular sequence, allowing us to use techniques from commutative algebra in our arguments. Our second main result gives an isomorphism between the cohomology ring $H^*({\mathrm{Hess}}(\mathsf{N},h))$ of the regular nilpotent Hessenberg variety and the $\mathfrak{S}_n$-invariant subring $H^*({\mathrm{Hess}}(\mathsf{S},h))^{\mathfrak{S}_n}$ of the cohomology ring of the regular semisimple Hessenberg variety (with respect to the $\mathfrak{S}_n$-action on $H^*({\mathrm{Hess}}(\mathsf{S},h))$ defined by Tymoczko). Our second main result implies that $\mathrm{dim}_{{\mathbb Q}} H^k({\mathrm{Hess}}(\mathsf{N},h)) = \mathrm{dim}_{{\mathbb Q}} H^k({\mathrm{Hess}}(\mathsf{S},h))^{\mathfrak{S}_n}$ for all $k$ and hence partially proves the Shareshian–Wachs conjecture in combinatorics, which is in turn related to the well-known Stanley–Stembridge conjecture. A proof of the full Shareshian–Wachs conjecture was recently given by Brosnan and Chow, and independently by Guay–Paquet, but in our special case, our methods yield a stronger result (i.e., an isomorphism of rings) by more elementary considerations. This article provides detailed proofs of results we recorded previously in a research announcement [2].
Supplier strategy in global value chains: shaping governance and profiting from upgrading
Authors: Sako Mari , Zylberberg Ezequiel 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe growth of emerging market firms with a global presence highlights the need to better understand how supplier strategy influences global value chains (GVCs). We respond to this need by applying corporate strategy and technology strategy to improve the predictive and prescriptive power of GVC theory. Under what circumstances can suppliers in GVCs shape governance and profit from upgrading? Using corporate strategy, we argue that supplier strategy concerning make-or-buy decisions and buyer diversification can effect a change in governance mode. Using technology strategy, we identify appropriability regimes and complementary assets as essential preconditions for suppliers to capture value from upgrading. Our central contribution is in developing an integrative theoretical framework for analyzing how suppliers alter governance over time, and how they capture the value they create by upgrading, resulting in shifts in value chain polarity. This framework has significant implications for economic development.
Validating a Method to Assess Lipreading, Audiovisual Gain, and Integration During Speech Reception With Cochlear-Implanted and Normal-Hearing Subjects Using a Talking Head
Authors: Schreitmüller Stefan , Frenken Miriam , Bentz Lüder , Ortmann Magdalene , Walger Martin , Meister Hartmut 
Published: October 2017

Objectives:
Watching a talker’s mouth is beneficial for speech reception (SR) in many communication settings, especially in noise and when hearing is impaired. Measures for audiovisual (AV) SR can be valuable in the framework of diagnosing or treating hearing disorders. This study addresses the lack of standardized methods in many languages for assessing lipreading, AV gain, and integration. A new method is validated that supplements a German speech audiometric test with visualizations of the synthetic articulation of an avatar that was used, for it is feasible to lip-sync auditory speech in a highly standardized way. Three hypotheses were formed according to the literature on AV SR that used live or filmed talkers. It was tested whether respective effects could be reproduced with synthetic articulation: (1) cochlear implant (CI) users have a higher visual-only SR than normal-hearing (NH) individuals, and younger individuals obtain higher lipreading scores than older persons. (2) Both CI and NH gain from presenting AV over unimodal (auditory or visual) sentences in noise. (3) Both CI and NH listeners efficiently integrate complementary auditory and visual speech features.

Design:
In a controlled, cross-sectional study with 14 experienced CI users (mean age 47.4) and 14 NH individuals (mean age 46.3, similar broad age distribution), lipreading, AV gain, and integration of a German matrix sentence test were assessed. Visual speech stimuli were synthesized by the articulation of the Talking Head system “MASSY” (Modular Audiovisual Speech Synthesizer), which displayed standardized articulation with respect to the visibility of German phones.

Results:
In line with the hypotheses and previous literature, CI users had a higher mean visual-only SR than NH individuals (CI, 38%; NH, 12%; p < 0.001). Age was correlated with lipreading such that within each group, younger individuals obtained higher visual-only scores than older persons (rCI = −0.54; p = 0.046; rNH = −0.78; p < 0.001). Both CI and NH benefitted by AV over unimodal speech as indexed by calculations of the measures visual enhancement and auditory enhancement (each p < 0.001). Both groups efficiently integrated complementary auditory and visual speech features as indexed by calculations of the measure integration enhancement (each p < 0.005).

Conclusions:
Given the good agreement between results from literature and the outcome of supplementing an existing validated auditory test with synthetic visual cues, the introduced method can be considered an interesting candidate for clinical and scientific applications to assess measures important for AV SR in a standardized manner. This could be beneficial for optimizing the diagnosis and treatment of individual listening and communication disorders, such as cochlear implantation.