bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are our patients becoming more complex? Trends in comorbidity and functional dependence in General Medicine 2011–2019
Authors: Snedden Stephanie J. , Thein Paul , Chee Wee J. , Ong Julia , Junckerstorff Ralph 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundAnecdotally, patients don't seem to be more unwell than they were 10 years ago, yet they still seem more ‘complex’.AimsThe aim of this study was to use an objective measure to assess the trend in complexity of general medicine patients over a 9‐year period.MethodsComplexity was pragmatically defined as a composite of comorbidity plus dependence/frailty. We selected 100 consecutive patients discharged from General Medicine at Monash Medical Centre (a tertiary hospital in Melbourne, Australia) in the month of April of each year from 2011 to 2019. For each patient, we retrospectively calculated their burden of comorbidity and their degree of dependency/frailty. Comorbidity was measured using the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and dependence/frailty was assessed using the Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living (Katz ADL) and the Braden Scale (BS). The BS is a pressure injury risk assessment tool. Additional demographic data were collected, including length of stay, admission and discharge residence, 30‐day readmission rate and inpatient mortality.ResultsThere was no statistically significant change in the CCI or the Katz ADL. The median BS did however significantly decrease from 19 in 2011 to 16 in 2019 (P = 0.006), reflecting an increased risk of pressure injuries.ConclusionsDespite a stable level of comorbidity, our finding of a decreasing BS score may suggest that patients are becoming more dependent. This increase in dependency rather than a change in chronic disease burden may be the cause of apparent increasing patient complexity.
Digital cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia versus digital sleep education control in an Australian community‐based sample: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sweetman Alexander , Reynolds Chelsea , Richardson Cele 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundInsomnia is a prevalent condition in Australia that increases the risk of depression and anxiety symptoms. Cognitive behaviour therapy for insomnia (CBT‐i) is the recommended ‘first line’ treatment but is accessed by a minority of people with insomnia.AimsTo improve CBT‐i access in Australia, we aimed to develop and test a self‐guided interactive digital CBT‐i program.MethodsAn online randomised controlled trial was conducted from August 2022 to August 2023 to investigate the effect of digital CBT‐i, versus digital sleep education control, on symptoms of insomnia (ISI), depression (PHQ‐9), anxiety (GAD‐7), fatigue, sleepiness and maladaptive beliefs about sleep at 8‐week follow‐up. The control group accessed the intervention after the 8‐week follow‐up. Questionnaires were additionally administered at 16 and 24 weeks. Intent‐to‐treat mixed models and complete‐case chi‐squared analyses were used.ResultsParticipants included 62 adults with insomnia symptoms (age M (SD) = 52.5 (16.3), 82% female, ISI = 18.6 (2.9)). There were no between‐group differences in baseline characteristics or missing 8‐week data (14.5%). After adjusting for baseline scores, CBT‐i was associated with lower insomnia (Diffadj (95% CI) = 7.32 (5.0–9.6), P < 0.001, d = 1.64), depression (3.36 (1.3–5.4), p = 0.002, d = 0.84), fatigue (5.2 (2.5–7.9), P < 0.001, d = 1.00) and maladaptive beliefs about sleep (11.0 (4.1–18.0), P = 0.002, d = 0.82), but not anxiety symptoms at 8 weeks (1.84 (−0.1 to 3.8), p = 0.060, d = 0.50). Compared to control, CBT‐i was associated with greater rates of insomnia remission (ISI <8; 0.0%, vs 40.0%, P < 0.001) and response at 8 weeks (ISI reduction ≥6; 7.1% vs 72.0%, P < 0.001). Improvements in insomnia and depression were maintained at 24 weeks in the CBT‐i group.ConclusionsThis interactive digital CBT‐i program resulted in large and sustained improvements in symptoms of insomnia, depression, fatigue and maladaptive beliefs about sleep in Australian adults with insomnia symptoms. Implementation programs are required to increase digital CBT‐i access and uptake.
How Geomorphology Maps the Dispersal Barriers of Large Herbivorous Mammals in China
Authors: Ren Yicheng , Xu Ziyi , Li Manyu , Dai Wenyu , Wang Jiechen 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAimLiterature and fossil records document the long‐term occurrence sites of large herbivorous mammals in China. These sites exhibit spatially uneven distribution, potentially reflecting constraints on the dispersal of large herbivorous mammals imposed by stable geomorphic factors. In this study, we examine the impact of landforms on the dispersal of four taxa of large herbivorous mammals across China.LocationChina.TaxonRhinocerotidae, Elephantidae, Equus, Camelus.MethodsWe employed the Omniscape algorithm to create a connectivity model from geomorphic data (slope, elevation and ground cover), assessing the extent to which Chinese landforms obstruct large herbivore dispersal. This model utilised historical distribution sites to delineate barrier strips.ResultsDispersal barriers show regional variation, segmenting China into four distinct regions. The Tibetan Plateau, Taklamakan Desert and Qinling Mountains constitute Region A, presenting the most significant barrier. Region B, characterised by dense, continuous mountain ranges and arid landforms in Northwest China, poses a secondary barrier. Region C, with fragmented mountain ranges in Southwest China, exhibits a diminished barrier effect. Region D features the eastern coastal plains with minimal geomorphic constraints.ConclusionsThe edge mountains of the Tibetan Plateau form a continuous barrier strip. The Qinling–Taihang–Yanshan mountain chain constitutes a discontinuous barrier strip. This is because the mountain chain belongs to two geological structural units and is eroded by rivers, creating many corridors.
Virulence Genes Prevalence and Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus‐PCR Profiles of Goose‐Derived Campylobacter jejuni Isolates
Authors: Demiroglu Esen Gul , Sahin Mitat , Karakaya Emre , Saticioglu Izzet Burcin , Ersoy Yaren , Guran Ozgur , Guran Cansu , Abay Secil , Aydin Fuat , Buyuk Fatih 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTCampylobacter jejuni is a causative agent of gastroenteritis in humans worldwide, and wild and domestic poultry carry of this bacterium in their gastrointestinal tract. Molecular studies to determine the pathogenicity, origin, and epidemiological relationships among C. jejuni isolates from poultry such as chicken, turkey, and goose consumed as human food are important for public health and infection control. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of virulence genes and Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC‐PCR) based genotyping of C. jejuni isolates obtained from goose cloacal swab samples. For this purpose, PCR analysis of flaA, racR, dnaJ, pldA, cadF, cdtC, ciaB, cdtB, cdtA, virB11, and wlaN virulence genes and ERIC‐PCR analysis of 50 C. jejuni isolates were performed. The emerged genetic profiles and antimicrobial resistance genes regarding the isolates were interpreted with the existing multi‐drug resistance (MDR) findings. Virulence gene positivity was detected as 88%, 84%, 82%, 82%, 80%, 80%, 72%, 30%, and 18% for flaA, racR, dnaJ, pldA, cadF, cdtC, ciaB, cdtB, and cdtA, respectively. VirB11 and wlaN genes were not detected among the C. jejuni isolates. Virulence genes‐based genotyping revealed that the C. jejuni isolates exhibited 22 profiles (A–V). As a result of ERIC‐PCR analysis, the C. jejuni isolates showed heterogeneous distribution, exhibiting 14 different ERIC‐PCR profiles (Cluster I [Cl‐I]–Cluster XIV [Cl‐XIV]). The MDR positivity was detected in 7 (14%) of the C. jejuni isolates. Tetracycline and ciprofloxacin were the antibiotics most frequently included in the MDR profiles. There was no clear correlation between ERIC‐PCR profiles, virulence gene profiles, and MDR profiles. However, isolates with triple‐MDR resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin showed significant heterogeneity in both ERIC‐PCR profile and virulence gene‐based genetic profile, all of which were positive for ciaB and flaA genes. These results indicate that carriage of the C. jejuni isolates with high gene prevalence and MDR profiles by geese may pose a risk for Campylobacter infections in humans.
How information processing style and vaccine pace development messaging influence vaccine acceptance: A mixed methods exploration
Authors: Fehl Amy Greiner , Finkelstein Stacey R. , Pereira Beatriz , Caserotti Marta 
Published: September 2024

AbstractVaccine hesitancy is increasing and messaging highlighting the speed of vaccine development may prompt vaccine hesitancy for those concerned about safety and efficacy of new vaccines. We employ a mixed methods approach to address a gap in the literature regarding how consumers process information about the pace of vaccine development. In an experiment, we manipulated message content about pace of development for the COVID‐19 vaccine and measured need for cognition. In a qualitative study, participants answered parallel questions to the experiment and additional open‐ended questions. We find that vaccine hesitant individuals are more willing to accept a vaccine when information matches their processing style. Further, individuals may process messages affectively or cognitively, even when the material presented is factual and scientific, and engage in high or low elaboration. We recommend that practitioners discuss the safety and effectiveness of new treatments in an interactive fashion, in order to better match the message to the recipient's processing preferences.
Multimodal Collective Sensemaking in Extreme Contexts: Evidence from Maritime Search and Rescue
Authors: Lübcke Thomas , Steigenberger Norbert , Wilhelm Hendrik , Maurer Indre 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn extreme contexts, actors must often engage in collective sensemaking to enable coordinated action. While prior research has established that cognitive disparities and emotive distractions disrupt collective sensemaking, we lack theory on how actors overcome these common challenges in extreme contexts. To address this shortcoming, we conducted a process study, collecting unique multi‐perspective video and archival data during a maritime search and rescue mission in the Aegean Sea where actors (i.e., rescue crew members and refugees) faced cognitive disparities (e.g., different levels of maritime expertise) and distracting emotions (e.g., fear, anxiety, and tension) yet needed to coordinate their actions to ensure a safe evacuation. We draw on this data to develop a collective sensemaking model that details the auxiliary process steps and multimodal communication – verbal, para‐verbal, and non‐verbal cues – actors use to alternately frame emotional states and convey task‐related information. Our model demonstrates how actors, through multimodal collective sensemaking, overcome the challenges posed by cognitive disparities and distracting emotions in extreme contexts. It thus adds a dynamic emotive and bodily perspective to the predominantly cognitive and verbal understanding in sensemaking theory, and also has implications for practitioners working in extreme contexts.
Every voice has its bright and dark sides: Understanding observers' reactions to coworkers' voice behaviours
Authors: Lin Szu‐Han (Joanna) , Fatimah Shereen , Poulton Emily C. , Ho Cony M. , Ferris D. Lance , Johnson Russell E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe majority of research on voice has focused on how employee voice influences voicers and targets of voice (e.g. supervisors and organizations). We advance theory on voice by examining how third‐party observers react to expressions of voice behavior by coworkers. Drawing from affective events theory (AET), we examine the potential benefits and detriments of coworker voice behaviours. Results from an experience sampling study and an experiment revealed that coworker voice was associated with an increase in third‐party observers' inspiration, prompting third‐party observers to engage in their own voice behaviours. Although coworker voice did not have a significant main effect on third‐party observers' distress, this relation was moderated by third‐party observers' zero‐sum beliefs. Specifically, daily coworker voice behaviour was more positively related to third‐party observers' distress when third‐party observers' zero‐sum beliefs were higher (vs. lower). Third‐party observers' distress, in turn, was associated with an increase in interpersonal deviance behaviours. Overall, our theorizing and model answer why, when and for whom the bright versus dark side of coworker voice is likely to occur for third‐party observers.
Remote consultation: The experiences of community intellectual disability teams
Authors: Welsh Heather , Farquharson Alistair , Nicholson Laura 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe use of remote technology, via telephone and video, was rapidly introduced across health services at the outset of the COVID‐19 pandemic and is likely to future. This study investigated the experience and opinions of staff working in Specialist Intellectual Disability Community Teams, with the aim of clarifying the advantages and disadvantages of remote technology in this setting and helping to guide service development. Fourteen members of staff from seven different health disciplines across seven NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde Community Intellectual Disability Teams were interviewed using a semi‐structured format. Thematic analysis identified three overarching themes: use of remote technology; efficiency and limitations. Participants reported clear efficiency advantages using remote technology but some challenges with communication and completing comprehensive patient assessments. There was support for the ongoing use of remote technology in the assessment and treatment of people with intellectual disability, particularly for multidisciplinary meetings. However, participants also described a need for face to face assessments, particularly for people with more severe intellectual disability, with complex care needs or when particular assessments are required (such as a new patient appointment or physical assessment).
The Successful Use of Upadacitinib as Monotherapy for Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Ulcerative Colitis in the Setting of Refractory Disease
Authors: Ok Meryem T. , Googe Paul B. , Sayed Christopher J. , Burkhart Craig , Gulati Ajay S. , Nieman Elizabeth L. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are associated chronic inflammatory conditions with complex disease courses and potential for overlapping therapeutic management. We describe a case of severe pediatric HS and UC that were poorly controlled despite several standard‐of‐care therapies, including infliximab and ustekinumab. Transitioning the patient to upadacitinib monotherapy resulted in clinical improvement of both her UC and HS within 3 months, and she was then able to be weaned off her other systemic therapies. While upadacitinib is not currently FDA‐approved for HS or pediatric UC, this case report shows promise for upadacitinib monotherapy for both of these complex inflammatory disorders.
Ubuntu and Samae philosophical assist towards agapeic humanism
Authors: Ejike Cyril Emeka , Kaunda Chammah J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article engages in a dialogue between the African philosophy of Ubuntu (humanity bound up in the other) and the Korean philosophy of Samae (love bound up in the other) to advocate for the emergence of a philosophy of agapeic humanism. Some structures (laws, standards, conventions, protocol and institutions), ideologies, ethics and socio‐cultural practices of indigenous African communities have particularistic, exclusive, egocentric and discriminatory strains that are in contradiction to communalism and its principles upon which the traditional African world‐view is claimed to be founded. For instance, in indigenous Igbo communities in Africa, double standards are applied in their treatment of in‐groups and out‐groups, and their religious and moral codes cannot be invoked for an offence committed by an in‐group member against an outsider (an out‐group member), thus making such ethics and practices trans‐communally/racially inapplicable and therefore non‐universalisable. The article employs analytical, critical and comparative fusion methods to approach particularism in traditional Africa communities. While the analytical method facilitates the theorisation of Ubuntu and Samae, the critical approach critiques prevailing, narrowly defined conceptions of humanism prevalent among the Igbo people of Nigeria. Through the method of comparative fusion, the article integrates elements of Ubuntu and Samae to propose the concept of agapeic humanism. It concludes that the interchange between African and Asian philosophies holds the promise of transcending particularistic limitations within the current humanistic paradigm, thereby fostering new perspectives on shared humanity rooted in practical agape love.
Transcription factor DcbZIPs regulate secondary metabolism in Dendrobium catenatum during cold stress
Authors: Zhou Xiaohui , Lu Chenfei , Zhou Fenfen , Zhu Yanqin , Jiang Wu , Zhou Aicun , Shen Yanghui , Pan Lanying , Lv Aimin , Shao Qingsong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCold stress seriously affects plant development and secondary metabolism. The basic region/leucine zipper (bZIP) is one of the largest transcription factor (TFs) family and widely involved in plant cold stress response. However, the function of bZIP in Dendrobium catenatum has not been well‐documented. Cold inhibited the growth of D. catenatum and increased total polysaccharide and alkaloid contents in stems. Here, 62 DcbZIP genes were identified in D. catenatum, which were divided into 13 subfamilies. Among them, 58 DcbZIPs responded to cold stress, which were selected based on the transcriptome database produced from cold‐treated D. catenatum seedlings. Specifically, the expression of DcbZIP3/6/28 was highly induced by cold treatment in leaves or stems. Gene sequence analysis indicated that DcbZIP3/6/28 contains the bZIP conserved domain and is localized to the cell nucleus. Co‐expression networks showed that DcbZIP6 was significantly negatively correlated with PAL2 (palmitoyl‐CoA), which is involved in flavonoid metabolism. Moreover, DcbZIP28 has significant negative correlations with various metabolism‐related genes in the polysaccharide metabolic pathway, including PFKA1 (6‐phosphofructokinase), ALDO2 (aldose‐6‐phosphate reductase) and SCRK5 (fructokinase). These results implied that DcbZIP6 or DcbZIP28 are mainly involved in flavonoid or polysaccharide metabolism. Overall, these findings provide new insights into the roles of the DcbZIP gene family in secondary metabolism in D. catenatum under cold stress.
Unlocking the Potential of the Decolonial Approach in Migration Studies
Authors: Vlase Ionela 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBased on a bibliometric analysis of Scopus‐indexed articles on decolonial research on migration from Social Science disciplines this article outlines the main topics covered by the sampled literature, namely: (1) the academic migration as framed by the internationalization discourse in higher education; (2) migrants' social movements and their transnational dimension; (3) gender and age in decolonial studies of migration; (4) the ways in which intersectionality shapes migrants' experiences through their class, race, gender and sexual orientation; and (5) critique of humanitarian discourse regarding refugees and asylum seekers. The article shows that type of literature first emerged in 2010 and significantly increased after 2020. Likewise, the geographic distribution of the knowledge production in this field highlights the uneven contributions by various countries and regions. Moreover, this picture is further complicated by the biographies of authors who, in many instances, are academic migrants coming from different national backgrounds in the Global South to work in higher education institutions in the Global North. The article ends with suggestions for further developments of the decolonial approach in the study of migration.
Loneliness in Indonesian adolescents: Associations with quantity and quality of friendship and status within and between peer groups
Authors: Zhang Keqin , Purwono Urip , French Doran C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLoneliness is a perceived discrepancy between desired and experienced social relationships that may arise from lack of intimate attachment to another person (e.g., friend) or lack of involvement in larger networks (e.g., peer groups). This study assessed how multiple aspects of friendship and peer group involvement were associated with Indonesian adolescents’ self‐reported loneliness. Participants were 754 twelfth‐grade Indonesian students (413 girls, Mage = 16.5 years). Reciprocated friendships were calculated from within‐grade nominations and both dyadic members rated the quality of their friendship. Peer groups were generated from Social Cognitive Mapping (SCM) and within‐group centrality and group visibility were determined using SCM. Group popularity was derived using peer nominations. A Structural Equation Model revealed that multiple aspects of friendship and group involvement, except for friend‐rated friendship quality, were concurrently associated with loneliness. An interaction between within‐group centrality and group popularity was found for boys, suggesting that being central in a group may be more important for boys in low‐status than those in high‐status groups. The results revealed that quantity and quality of friendship as well as position in the peer group and status of the peer group were associated with loneliness. The comparable associations of loneliness with aspects of friendship and group involvement may be a function of Indonesian culture in which both group involvement and friendships are valued.