bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving thermal insulation and thermal resistance properties of laterite‐based geopolymer foams by direct foaming
Authors: Tchio Julson Aymard , Fekoua Joelle Nadia Nouping , Kaze Cyriaque Rodrigue , Nemaleu Juvenal Giogetti Deuton , Yliniemi Juho , Kamseu Elie , Chinje Florence Uphie , Leonelli Cristina 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis work aims to synthesize new foaming laterite geopolymer foam using laterite, sodium silicate solution, sand, and aluminium powder. The porosity rapidly increased with the addition of the foaming agent. The foam matrix had thermal conductivity values of 0.10 W/m K with 0.7% of Al powder and 0.64 W/m K with 0% of Al powder. For fire resistance, samples exposed to high temperatures (200°C and 500°C) showed increased flexural strength, linear shrinkage at 500°C, and a decrease at 900°C due to structural weakening under high thermal pressure and the appearance of new phases such as nepheline and akermanite in X‐ray diffraction analysis. The results also showed that a 30% increase in fine aggregate content increased the strength of the foam matrix, with flexural strength ranging from 5 to 9.1 MPa after 28 days of ambient curing. These laterite geopolymer foams have shown promising thermal insulation and mechanical qualities that are appropriate for building applications.
The effect of tape casting parameters on the properties of textured porous silicon nitride ceramics
Authors: Hu Yiyang , Xia Yongfeng , Zhu Ming , Zhao Jun , Yao Dongxu , Zeng Yu‐Ping 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA method of enhancing the mechanical properties of porous silicon nitride ceramics by involving texture structure through tape casting was explored. The influence of grain orientation was systematically studied by varying the sintering temperature, casting speed, and gap height. The results indicate that increasing the sintering temperature and casting speed can improve the degree of grain orientation. The mechanical properties of ceramics are significantly affected by the degree of grain orientation, the sample with the highest Lotgering factor demonstrated a flexural strength of 441 ± 12 MPa and a fracture toughness of 5.6 MPa·m1/2 at a porosity of 39%. The relative permittivity of ceramics is predominantly governed by the porosity, with the grain orientation exerting a relatively minor effect.
Definition of Significant Platelet Clumping: Should We Review All Samples With a Platelet Clumping Flag From Automated Hematology Analyzer?
Authors: Woo Suhyeon , Kim Bohyun , Heo Nam Hun , Kim Min‐Sun , Yoon Young Ahn , Choi Young‐Jin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis study aimed to determine a definition for significant platelet clumping (PC) and evaluate the performance of the Sysmex XN instrument for detecting platelet clumps.MethodsFor part 1, 372 specimens with a ‘PLT_clump?’ flag in XN‐9000 were classified into five groups according to the average number of PCs. We compared the initial platelet count (measured by XN‐9000 using impedance method) and corrected platelet count (counted optically or re‐analyzed by XN‐9000 using vortexed or re‐collected sample) of each group. For part 2, 1000 specimens with a PC flag divided into three subgroups {group N (PC = 0), Y (PC ≥ 1), and Z (microscopic fibrin clot)} and additional two groups {group S (PC(+) specimens without any flag and with flags of other categories) and group NC (negative control)} were collected. Positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), sensitivity and specificity of PC detection of XN‐9000 were obtained and the platelet counts and four indices (PDW, MPV, P_LCR, and PCT) of groups NC, N, Y, Z, and S were compared to detect PC more precisely.ResultsIn part 1, all groups showed significant difference between the initial and corrected platelet counts. In part 2, PPV, NPV, prevalence, sensitivity, and specificity were 41.5%, 56.5%, 43.4%, 2.18%, and 98.3%, respectively. The platelet counts and four indices showed statistical differences for detecting PCs, and especially PDW and P_LCR were significantly smaller in group Z than group N or Y.ConclusionsWe suggest the definition of significant PC by the presence of at least three platelets. In addition, utilizing platelet‐related indices should be developed to improve the efficiency of the PC detection.
‘It's a Horrible Place to Have a Period’: A Survivor‐Led Investigation of Experiences of Menstrual Health in Psychiatric Inpatient Settings in England
Authors: Porter Mx Hat 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis study examined patients' experiences of menstrual health in psychiatric inpatient settings in England as reported by staff and patients. Questionnaires were conducted with 67 staff members and 101 people with lived experience of menstruation and treatment on a psychiatric ward. 10 semi‐structured interviews were conducted with people with lived experience. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Grouped into overarching themes of institutional and interpersonal environments, four themes were identified: access to menstrual materials; the lack of privacy when menstruating in psychiatric inpatient settings; attitudes and approaches to menstruation; and menstrual support needs and care provision. There was variation among the experiences reported, with some patients receiving dignified care, whilst others described facing ‘degrading’ and ‘dehumanising’ treatments and enhanced feelings of shame and embarrassment around menstruation, in comparison with what they usually experience. This appeared to arise due to the interplay between mental health services overlooking menstruation and the overreliance on restrictive practices. These experiences may be understood as menstrual injustices, period poverty, potentially amounting to neglect and posing iatrogenic harms. Participants also discussed how their mental illness and distress, particularly within the context of trauma and/or eating disorders, shaped their menstrual experiences. However, many patients did not receive adequate support in relation to this. Patients' pain and disorder related to menstruation, or gynaecological conditions, was often described as being dismissed by staff or being viewed as beyond the responsibility of mental health services. This study highlighted the urgency for actions to be taken to provide greater support for patients who menstruate in psychiatric inpatient settings.
Reactive sintered dense carbon fiber reinforced high‐entropy boride composite using high‐entropy silicide as reactant
Authors: Huang Feilong , Wang Hailong , Fang Cheng , Zhao Jiayin , Zheng Kaize , Song Bo , Xie Wei , Li Mingliang , Lu Hongxia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA novel reactive sintering strategy using high‐entropy disilicide, B4C, and carbon as initial materials is developed to fabricate dense carbon fiber reinforced high‐entropy diboride (HEB)‐based composite (Cf/HEBs) at a relatively low temperature. The Cf/(V0.2Nb0.2Cr0.2Mo0.2W0.2)B2–SiC composite (Cf/HEB–SiC) successfully achieves nearly full densification (with a relative density of 99.2%) at 1800°C. The reactive damage of carbon fibers can be effectively restrained by preassemble carbon coating during the preparation process of the composite. Lower preparation temperature and effective coating protection contribute to the exertion of carbon fibers toughening capacity, consequently noticeably elevating the critical crack size (αcr) from 27.7 µm for HEB–SiC to 110.4 µm for Cf/HEB–SiC. The current work provides a feasible way to substantially upgrade the damage tolerance of HEB–SiC and can be extended to other HEBs‐based ceramics.
Water vapor oxidation of SiC layer of tristructural isotropic particles
Authors: Jalan Visharad , Bratten Adam , Luebbe Matthew , Wen Haiming 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTristructural isotropic (TRISO) fuel particles, developed for use in high‐temperature gas‐cooled nuclear reactors, can be subjected to oxidizing environments in off‐normal accident scenarios. In this study, surrogate TRISO fuel particles were oxidized at 1000–1350°C for 4 h in 20 kPa water vapor atmosphere balanced with ultrahigh‐purity helium gas. The oxide scale morphology and thickness were studied via scanning electron microscopy, focused ion beam, and transmission electron microscopy. The oxide thickness increased as the oxidation temperature was increased. Although the oxide scale at 1000°C was completely amorphous, pockets of crystalline oxide were observed on particles oxidized at 1200 and 1300°C. Kinetic analysis was performed to deduce the oxidation mechanism by determining the apparent activation energy using linear regression analysis. The oxidation mechanism was consistent for temperatures from 1000 to 1200°C with an activation energy of 412.4 ± 8.8 kJ/mol. The activation energy then dropped to approximately 201 ± 7.1 kJ/mol for temperatures 1200–1350°C. Therefore, there is a change in oxidation mechanism at ∼1200°C. This change is attributed to the existence of a network of significant bubbles in the oxide layer at higher temperatures, which serve as rapid diffusion pathways for the transport of oxidants from the surface to the SiC/SiO2 interface, instead of relying on the bulk diffusion through the SiO2 layer at lower temperatures where only small bubbles are present along the SiC/SiO2 interface.
Dendritic cell‐derived lncRNAs in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Wang Zhenglong , Changhao K. E. , Chen Yuheng , Zhao Yongchao , He Yuanjie , Liang Xiao , Tu Qingxian , Xu Min , Guo Fujia , Ge Junbo , Shi Bei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLong non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and dendritic cells (DC) play crucial roles in the development of acute coronary syndrome (ACS); however, the mechanisms remain unclear. To investigate this, we analysed the differentially expressed lncRNAs in monocyte‐derived DCs (moDCs) from patients with ACS. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were transformed into moDCs. Cellular morphology and expression levels of moDC‐specific markers (CD80, CD86, CD11c, CD14 and HLA‐DR) were analysed using electron microscopy (EM) and flow cytometry (FCM), respectively. Differentially expressed lncRNAs and their functions were predicted using gene sequencing, gene ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. The expression levels of markers, signalling pathway molecules (p‐PI3K and p‐AKT), inflammatory cytokines (IL‐6 and IL‐12p70) and target gene (C‐C motif chemokine ligand (CCL) 15 and CCL14) were analysed by overexpression or silencing of candidate lncRNAs. EM revealed the cells to be suspended in dendritic pseudopodia. CD11c and HLA‐DR were upregulated, while CD80 and CD86 were downregulated. Comparison between the UA versus ST group showed the highest number of differentially expressed lncRNAs (n = 113), followed by UA versus NST (n = 115), CON versus NST (n = 49) and CON versus ST (n = 35); however, the number was low for CON versus UA and ST versus NST groups. moDC‐specific marker expression, signalling pathway molecules, inflammatory cytokines and CCL14 were upregulated following lentiviral overexpression of smart silencer‐CCL15‐CCL14; however, expression levels decreased following transfection with siRNA. The morphology, function and lncRNA expression of moDCs differ depending on the type of ACS. The differentially expressed lncRNAs, particularly CCL15‐CCL14, regulate the function of moDCs. Thus, our study provides new insights regarding the role of lncRNAs in ACS and indicates the potential use of CCL15‐CCL14 as a novel diagnostic marker and therapeutic target.
Hoxc10‐mediated ‘positional memory’ regulates cartilage formation subsequent to femoral heterotopic grafting
Authors: Song Haoyue , Hao Yujia , Xie Qingpeng , Chen Xiaohang , Li Na , Wang Jia , Zhang Xiaoxuan , Zhang Yuan , Hong Jinjia , Xue Shuyun , Zhang Pengfei , Xie Si , Wang Xing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Hox gene plays a crucial role in the bone development, determining their structure and morphology. Limb bone grafts expressing Hox positive genes are commonly used for free transplantation to repair Hox negative mandibular critical bone defects. However, the specific role of original Hox genes in newly formed bone during the cross‐layer bone grafting healing process remains unexplored. Our findings demonstrate that femurs ectopically grafted into the mandibular environment retained a significant ability to differentiate into cartilage and form cartilaginous callus, which may be a key factor contributing to differences in bone graft healing. Hoxc10, an embryonic layer‐specific genes, regulates cartilage formation during bone healing. Mechanistically, we observed Hoxc10 retention in co‐cultured femoral BMSCs. Knocking out Hoxc10 narrows the bone gap and reduces cartilage formation. In summary, we reveal Hoxc10's ‘positional memory’ after adult cross‐layer bone graft, influencing the outcomes of autologous bone graft.
Single‐cell and spatial transcriptomics reveal apelin/APJ pathway's role in microvessel formation and tumour progression in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Yongfu , Zhang Pengcheng , Huo Xingxing , Ling Yi , Lv Xiang , Lin Shengyou , Song Hang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe apelin receptor (APJ) is a key player in tumour angiogenesis, but its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. This study aims to elucidate the function of the apelin/APJ pathway in HCC using a multi‐omics approach and identify potential therapeutic biomarkers. Differentially expressed genes related to the apelin/APJ axis were identified from bulk transcriptomics to reveal HCC‐associated disparities. Single‐cell and spatial transcriptomics were used to localize and analyse the function of these genes. Machine learning models were constructed to predict outcomes based on apelin/APJ expression, and experimental validation was conducted to explore the pathway's impact on HCC angiogenesis. Single cell analysis revealed an overexpression of APJ/Aplin in the endothelium. The stemness of endothelial cell (EC) with high apelin/APJ was enhanced, as well as the expression of TGFb, oxidative stresses and PI3K/AKT pathway genes. Spatial transcriptomics confirmed that EC populations with high APJ scores were enriched within the tumour. Machine learning models showed high prognostic accuracy. High APJ expression was linked to worse outcomes (p = 0.001), and AUC values were high (1 year, 3 year, 5 year) (0.95, 0.97, 0.98). Immune suppression and non‐responsiveness of immune therapy were also seen in high‐risk groups. The experimental validation showed that silencing apelin reduced angiogenesis (p  < 0.05), endothelial proliferation, decreased expression of ANG2, KLF2, VEGFA and lower ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Apelin may serve as a potential therapeutic target in HCC, given its role in promoting tumour angiogenesis and poor patient outcomes.
Carbon Returns across the Globe
Authors: ZHANG SHAOJUN 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe pricing of carbon transition risk is central to the debate on climate‐aware investments. Emissions are tightly linked to sales and are available to investors only with significant lags. The positive carbon return, or brown‐minus‐green return differential, documented in previous studies arises from forward‐looking firm performance information contained in emissions rather than a risk premium in ex ante expected returns. After accounting for the data release lag, carbon returns turn negative in the United States and insignificant globally. Developed markets experience lower carbon returns due to intense climate concern shocks, while countries with stringent climate policies exhibit higher carbon returns.
Personal Relative Deprivation and Locus of Control
Authors: Callan Mitchell J. , Sutton Robbie M. , Chobthamkit Phatthanakit , Yeung Victoria Wai Lan , Leung Florence Y. N. , Asano Ryosuke , Beattie Peter , Bernardo Allan B. I. , Boonroungrut Chinun , Chang Jen‐Ho , Chaudhuri Anindita , Chien Chin‐Lung , Choi Hoon‐Seok , Cui Lixian , Du Hongfei , English Alexander Scott , Fuji Kei , Hitokoto Hidefumi , Iida Junko , Ishii Keiko , Jiang Ding‐Yu , Jogdand Yashpal , Lee Hyejoo J. , Mifune Nobuhiro , Murayama Aya , Na Jinkyung , One Kim , Park Joonha , Sato Kosuke , Shah Punit , Sharma Suryodaya , Suh Eunkook M. , Tipandjan Arun , Wu Michael Shengtao , Skylark William J. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveWe investigated the relationship between personal relative deprivation (PRD)—resentment from the belief that one is worse off than people who are similar to oneself—and locus of control.BackgroundResearch has yet to comprehensively investigate whether PRD is associated with a tendency to favor external (vs. internal) explanations for self‐ and other‐relevant outcomes.MethodEight studies (Ntotal = 6729) employed cross‐sectional, experimental, and (micro)longitudinal designs and used established trait and state measures of PRD and loci of control.ResultsParticipants higher in PRD adopted more external (vs. internal) explanations for others' outcomes while controlling for socio‐demographics (e.g., socioeconomic status; Studies 1–4). This relationship was mediated by a lowered sense of personal control (Study 1) and evident in a cross‐national sample of participants in Asia (Study 2). PRD is more robustly associated with external than internal explanations for self and other‐relevant outcomes (Studies 5–8), and within‐person changes in PRD are positively associated with within‐person changes in external explanations (month‐to‐month and day‐to‐day; Studies 7–8).ConclusionsPRD is positively associated with external locus of control independent of socioeconomic status, within and between people, and across cultures. This research highlights the implications of PRD for people's construal of the causal forces that govern their lives.
Lifetime History of Head or Traumatic Brain Injury Before Age 9 and School Outcomes: Results From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study
Authors: Waltzman Dana , Haarbauer‐Krupa Juliet , Daugherty Jill , Sarmiento Kelly , Yurgelun‐Todd Deborah A. , McGlade Erin C. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDLimited information about school outcomes among children (especially early childhood) with lifetime history of head injury, including traumatic brain injury (TBI), may inhibit efforts to support their academics and physical and mental health.METHODSBaseline data (2016‐2018) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study were analyzed to describe associations between parent‐proxy reported lifetime history of head injury or TBI before age 9 and school outcomes and behavioral challenges among 9‐ and 10‐year‐old children.RESULTSHaving a lifetime history of head injury before age 9 was associated with increased odds of parent‐perceived poor school performance (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.14‐1.81), a drop in grades (AOR = 1.28, 95%CI = 1.06‐1.54), recent receipt of detentions or suspensions (AOR = 1.29, 95%CI = 1.02‐1.65), and receipt of special educational services (AOR = 1.23, 95%CI = 1.08‐1.41). Of those with a lifetime history of head injury, males displayed poorer school outcomes and greater behavioral challenges than females. Similar associations were observed between lifetime history of TBI before age 9 and worse school outcomes, with males continuing to demonstrate stronger associations.CONCLUSIONSThese findings underscore the importance of screening for history of head injury and TBI and providing training for school professionals to help ensure students with a history of head or traumatic brain injury have appropriate supports in place.
Planning for Long‐Term Recovery: The Impact of COVID‐19 on Educators Working With Children From Seasonal and Migrant Farmworker Families
Authors: Rosado Javier I. , Torres‐Aponte Lisandra , Wang Yuxia 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDEducation faced challenges during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Although the United States has declared an end to the public health emergency, schools continue to be impacted. While considerable research has focused on the impact of the pandemic on students, fewer studies have focused on educators, and even less on educators who specialize in working with marginalized student populations.METHODSThis study measured the impact of the pandemic impact on educators working with students from seasonal and migrant farmworker families to understand what supports educators need as schools plan for long‐term recovery. A total of 1024 educators including early childhood education and K‐12 teachers, as well as administrators, completed a COVID‐19 questionnaire between October 2020 and January 2021, measuring their experiences as well as personal and work‐related stressors during the pandemic.RESULTSEducators underwent difficult COVID‐19 experiences and faced several factors contributing to personal and work‐related stress. Personal stress factors included concerns about they themselves, or family members, becoming ill, concerns about the emotional/mental health of their family, and fear of loss/reduction in employment. Work‐related stress factors included concerns about the emotional and mental health of co‐workers.CONCLUSIONEducators working with migrant children need additional supports—including support from administrators, psychological services, and opportunities to give/receive colleague/peer support.
‘You're not supposed to be gay, you're black’: Analysing race and LGBTQ+ youth identity through an intersectional lens
Authors: Jones Lucy 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this article, I build upon calls for an intersectional approach in sociocultural linguistic research – particularly in the context of language, gender and sexuality – which attends robustly to the question of race. Through the analysis of four moments of discourse between young LGBTQ+ people, I show how their queer positionality is informed and shaped by their experience as white or racialised youths. In doing so, I demonstrate the intra‐categorical nature of identity and the benefits of a ‘thick’ analytical approach which pays close attention to individual speakers’ positionalities. Furthermore, I argue for sociocultural linguistic research which honours the origins of intersectionality theory by accounting explicitly for the role of systemic racism and white privilege on speakers’ identity constructions.
First Report of Rhizoctonia solaniAG‐4 HGI Causing Corky Cracks on Potato Tubers in Mauritius
Authors: Takooree Sandhya Devi , Neetoo Hudaa , Vojvodić Mira , Bulajić Aleksandra , Ranghoo‐Sanmukhiya Vijayanti Mala 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPotato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is of great economic importance for Mauritius. During a disease survey carried out in a field in one of the major potato‐growing regions of Mauritius, corky cracked lesions with halo and mycelial growth were observed on the skin surfaces of around 45% of tubers. The suspected fungus from the affected areas was isolated on amended potato dextrose agar and after 7 days, several fast‐growing, pale brown Rhizoctonia‐like colonies with a few sclerotia were observed. Additionally, microscopic analysis revealed some cells being multinucleate, forming hyphal branching at right angles with slight constriction together with septum near the branch base. Pathogenicity tests confirmed development of the same symptoms on potato tubers and the causal agent was reisolated successfully. Sequence analysis of the ITS region of representative isolate P114 amplified using ITS1F/ITS4 primers showed that it was identical to several isolates of multinucleate Rhizoctonia solani AG‐4 HGI, and neighbour‐joining phylogenetic analyses confirmed the identification. To our knowledge, this is the first report of R. solani AG‐4 HGI‐infecting potato tubers and causing corky cracks in Mauritius.