bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Performance Measures With Perioperative Analytics
Authors: Dewes Andi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPerioperative nurses and leadership teams across the country strive to improve outcomes, increase operational efficiency, and achieve performance improvement on key measures in the perioperative department. In today's changing health care environment, which involves increasing pressure to do more with less, it is essential for perioperative leaders to understand analytics and how to use analytics to identify, plan, and implement improvement initiatives that will provide the greatest value. This article examines key performance indicators in the OR, barriers to change, and the strategies and processes that perioperative leaders can use to achieve efficiency and performance improvement goals. It also provides an example of a tactical approach to one of the OR's greatest challenges: measuring and improving block utilization.
Building a developmental toxicity ontology
Authors: Baker Nancy , Boobis Alan , Burgoon Lyle , Carney Edward , Currie Richard , Fritsche Ellen , Knudsen Thomas , Laffont Madeleine , Piersma Aldert H. , Poole Alan , Schneider Steffen , Daston George 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundAs more information is generated about modes of action for developmental toxicity and more data are generated using high‐throughput and high‐content technologies, it is becoming necessary to organize that information. This report discussed the need for a systematic representation of knowledge about developmental toxicity (i.e., an ontology) and proposes a method to build one based on knowledge of developmental biology and mode of action/ adverse outcome pathways in developmental toxicity.MethodsThis report is the result of a consensus working group developing a plan to create an ontology for developmental toxicity that spans multiple levels of biological organization.ResultsThis report provide a description of some of the challenges in building a developmental toxicity ontology and outlines a proposed methodology to meet those challenges. As the ontology is built on currently available web‐based resources, a review of these resources is provided. Case studies on one of the most well‐understood morphogens and developmental toxicants, retinoic acid, are presented as examples of how such an ontology might be developed.DiscussionThis report outlines an approach to construct a developmental toxicity ontology. Such an ontology will facilitate computer‐based prediction of substances likely to induce human developmental toxicity.
Circulating molecules that control brown/beige adipocyte differentiation and thermogenic capacity
Authors: Ludwig Raissa G. , Rocha Andréa L. , Mori Marcelo A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObesity may be counteracted by increased energy expenditure. Circulating molecules act in the adipose tissue to influence brown and beige adipocyte function, differentiation, and thermogenic capacity, which in turn affects substrate utilization and impacts energy balance at the organismal level. These molecules have been envisioned as biomarkers and potential candidates for pharmacological interventions to treat obesity. Here we summarize studies that demonstrate the roles of endogenous circulating molecules of a wide variety in regulating the thermogenic potential of brown and beige fat cells. This review describes the state‐of‐the‐art in the field and helps researchers to prioritize their targets in future studies.
Indomethacin induced ductus arteriosus closure in midgestation fetus
Authors: Beaute Jeanette I. , Friedman Kevin G. 
Published: January 2018

Key Clinical MessageThis article reports a rare but potentially serious complication of ductus arteriosus closure resulting from second‐trimester indomethacin exposure. Serial echocardiograms are indicated to monitor for development of right heart dysfunction and to ensure delivery prior to the onset of right heart failure and hydrops fetalis.
The role of multidetector CT angiography and 3D postprocessing imaging in the diagnosis and investigation of bronchopulmonary sequestration
Authors: Spartalis Eleftherios , Spartalis Michael , Moris Demetrios , Athanasiou Antonios , Troupis Theodore , Tomos Periklis 
Published: January 2018

Key Clinical MessageCongenital bronchopulmonary malformations are usually asymptomatic. Precise multimodality imaging plays an essential role in the identification of rare cardiothoracic entities, offering excellent imaging quality and the decisive diagnosis.
Severe pancytopenia and splenomegaly associated with felty's syndrome, both fully responsive solely to corticosteroids
Authors: Liatsos George D. , Tsironi Ioanna , Vassilopoulos Dimitrios , Dourakis Spyridon 
Published: January 2018

Key Clinical MessageIn severe cases of pancytopenia with subsequent infections due to long‐term untreated Felty's syndrome, the initiation of immunosuppressive treatment with sole prednisone (1 mg/kg iv) should be considered, despite that, the low neutrocytes count would make one physician hesitant. A full resolution of whole blood count within 3 weeks and a 30% reduction in spleens sized was noted.
Direct Factor X sequestration by systemic amyloid light‐chain amyloidosis
Authors: Tashiro Haruko , Shirasaki Ryosuke , Watanabe Masato , Kawasugi Kazuo , Takahashi Yoshihisa , Shirafuji Naoki 
Published: January 2018

Key Clinical MessageWe present a lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma patient with Factor X (FX) deficiency. Despite the absence of FX inhibitor, the administration of fresh frozen plasma and anti‐inhibitor coagulant complex did not increase the FX level. The autopsy showed that massive amyloid depositions to multiple organs and FX existed in union with amyloidosis.
Visible‐Light‐Improved Catalytic Performance for Methanol Oxidation Based on Plasmonic PtAu Dendrites
Authors: Xu Hui , Song Pingping , Wang Jin , Gao Fei , Zhang Yangping , Guo Jun , Du Yukou , Di Junwei 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRapid consumption of traditional fossil fuels and increasing energy demand have stimulated attention in utilizing solar energy. However, the lack of highly efficient photocatalysts remains a challenge for their large‐scale development. Plasmonic modification of metallic nanostructures have aroused extensive research interest, which can efficiently convert solar energy into chemical energy. We, herein, design a new class of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) promoted dendritic PtAu photoelectrocatalysts, taking advantage of visible light to enhance the electrocatalytic performances towards methanol oxidation. In virtue of the synergistic effect between Pt and Au, the resultant PtAu dendrites show an unprecedentedly high electrocatalytic activity of 2262.1 mA mg−1 towards methanol oxidation, which is 9.7 times higher than that of the commercial Pt/C. More interestingly, the SPR effect also caused the Pt1Ag1 nanocatalyst under visible‐light irradiation to display a 1.8‐fold enhancement in catalytic activity compared to that under dark conditions, showing great promise for serving as highly efficient photoelectrocatalysts for liquid fuel oxidation and beyond.
Preparation and Characterization of Hydrogenated Castor Oil‐Based Coating Wax
Authors: Huyan Zongyao , Ding Shaoxuan , Yu Xiuzhu , Liu Xiaoli 
Published: January 2018

A synthesis method is developed from a reaction between hydrogenated castor oil (HCO) and ethylenediamine to prepare a product to coat paperboard. For highest conversion rate, a molar ratio of 1:3 of HCO and ethylenediamine reacted at 130 °C for 2.5 h. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) confirm the obtained product is a wax combining HCO with two amide groups. The melting point of the diamide wax is 130 °C. The hardness of the wax is harder than that of other waxes (over eight times to beeswax and over four times to paraffin wax) except carnauba wax. In addition, the cohesiveness of the HCO diamide wax is slightly poorer than that of others. In coating paperboard application, the performance of diamide wax in compression force of all treatments is similar to that of carnauba wax and better than that of other waxes although soaking allows paperboard coated with the wax to have wax loss and compression force loss. The results show that the HCO wax with diamide group can be a good coating material on paperboard.Practical Applications: The synthesis method is used to prepare a good coating material. The HCO material is confirmed to be diamide wax after structure confirmation by FTIR and NMR. This diamide wax shows good physical properties and plays well in coating paperboard for its high adhesive rate and good compression force with or without soaking or heating. It also shows a good adhesive ability while heating. The application test presents that the HCO‐based diamide wax is good substitute for other wax such as carnauba wax for coating.A synthesis method by the reaction between hydrogenated castor oil (HCO) and ethylenediamine is used to prepare a coating material. After conducting several attempts, a molar ratio of 1:3 of HCO and ethylenediamine reacted at 130 °C for 2.5 h to acquire the final product. The HCO product is confirmed to be diamide wax after structure confirmation by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. The properties of diamide wax are evaluated by texture analyzer and differential scanning calorimetry. By evaluating the coating ability on paperboard, results show that the diamide wax is a good coating material.
Arrayed isoelectric focusing using photopatterned multi‐domain hydrogels
Authors: Yamauchi Kevin A. , Tentori Augusto M. , Herr Amy E. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIsoelectric focusing (IEF) is a powerful separation method, useful for resolving subtle changes in the isoelectric point of unlabeled proteins. While microfluidic IEF has reduced the separation times from hours in traditional benchtop IEF to minutes, the enclosed devices hinder post‐separation access to the sample for downstream analysis. The two‐layer open IEF device presented here comprises a photopatterned hydrogel lid layer containing the chemistries required for IEF and a thin polyacrylamide bottom layer in which the analytes are separated. The open IEF device produces comparable minimum resolvable difference in isoelectric point and gradient stability to enclosed microfluidic devices while providing post‐separation sample access by simple removal of the lid layer. Further, using simulations, we determine that the material properties and the length of the separation lanes are the primary factors that affect the electric field magnitude in the separation region. Finally, we demonstrate self‐indexed photomasks for alignment‐free fabrication of multi‐domain hydrogels. We leverage this approach to generate arrayed pH gradients with a total of 80 concurrent separation lanes, which to our knowledge is the first demonstration of multiple IEF separations in series addressed by a single pair of electrodes.
How should we interpret estimates of individual repeatability?
Authors: Wilson Alastair J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIndividual repeatability (R), defined as the proportion of observed variance attributable to among-individual differences, is a widely used summary statistic in evolutionarily motivated studies of morphology, life history, physiology and, especially, behaviour. Although statistical methods to estimate R are well known and widely available, there is a growing tendency for researchers to interpret R in ways that are subtly, but importantly, different. Some view R as a property of a dataset and a statistic to be interpreted agnostically with respect to mechanism. Others wish to isolate the contributions of ‘intrinsic’ and/or ‘permanent’ individual differences, and draw a distinction between true (intrinsic) and pseudo-repeatability arising from uncontrolled extrinsic effects. This latter view proposes a narrower, more mechanistic interpretation, than the traditional concept of repeatability, but perhaps one that allows stronger evolutionary inference as a consequence (provided analytical pitfalls are successfully avoided). Neither perspective is incorrect, but if we are to avoid confusion and fruitless debate, there is a need for researchers to recognise this dichotomy, and to ensure clarity in relation to how, and why, a particular estimate of R is appropriate in any case.
PEARL BODIES OF A NEOTROPICAL TREE, OCHROMA PYRAMIDALE: ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS
Authors: O'Dowd Dennis J. 
Published: January 2018

Multicellular, spherical or club‐shaped pearl bodies characterized by large intracellular lipid vesicles are produced on leaves and stems of juvenile Ochroma pyramidale, a tree of second growth vegetation in lowland wet forest of the neotropics. Several lines of evidence suggest that pearl bodies are linked to maintenance of foraging ants on the plant: (1) their production is closely associated with foliar nectar secretion; (2) they are abundant on saplings grown in the glasshouse (averaging 402 bodies leaf–1) but were not observed in the field where ants are predictably associated with Ochroma samplings; (3) pearl bodies are energy‐ and lipid‐rich averaging 27.80 kJ/g dry wt–1 and 74.4% lipid; (4) they are constricted at the base and easily detach from the leaf; (5) four ant species collect pearl bodies from artificial depots and return them to their nests. Chelaner sp. detaches pearl bodies from the leaf and returns them to the nest. Production of pearl bodies represents about 25% of the energy allocated to foliar nectar by saplings.Characteristics of the pearl bodies of Ochroma are consistent with those of a widespread group of trichomes and leaf emergences suggesting a common ecological role as ant food for these structures.
AN ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MICROTUBULES AND MICROFIBRILS IN COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.) CELL WALL REVERSALS
Authors: Yatsu L. Y. , Jacks T. J. 
Published: January 2018

The arrangement of cellulosic fibrils in the cell walls of cotton fibers is very unusual; rather than exhibiting a continuous spiraling in one direction, they intermittantly reverse their gyre. Microtubules that line the periphery of the protoplasm, subjacent to the plasmalemma, tend to parallel the deployment of the cell wall microfibrils. It was not known whether this parallelism persisted through the reversal. By studying tangential sections of the cell wall/protoplasmic interfaces at the reversals, we show that congruity continues even through the reversals.Colchicine treatment did not appear to inhibit cellulose synthesis but it did abolish microtubules in the cotton fiber cells and deranged normal cell wall microfibrillar orientation. Previously, cotton fibers have been shown to possess most of the familiar organelles, but we found two new features not reported heretofore. They are microfilaments and peculiar “polygonal structures” that appear to be associated with the plasma membrane.
GENETIC DIVERSITY AND POPULATION STRUCTURE IN CAMELLIA JAPONICA L. (THEACEAE)
Authors: Wendel Jonathan F. , Parks Clifford R. 
Published: January 2018

Camellia japonica is a widespread and morphologically diverse tree native to parts of Japan and adjacent islands. Starch gel electrophoresis was used to score allelic variation at 20 loci in seeds collected from 60 populations distributed throughout the species range. In comparison with other plant species, the level of genetic diversity within C. japonica populations is very high: 66.2% of loci were polymorphic on average per population, with a mean number of 2.16 alleles per locus; the mean observed and panmictic heterozygosities were 0.230 and 0.265, respectively. Genotypic proportions at most loci in most populations fit Hardy‐Weinberg expectations. However, small heterozygote deficiencies were commonly observed (mean population fixation index = 0.129). It is suggested that the most likely cause of the observed deficiencies is population subdivision into genetically divergent subpopulations.The overall level of population differentiation is greater than is typically observed in out‐breeders: The mean genetic distance and identity (Nei's D and I) between pairs of populations were 0.073 and 0.930, respectively, and Wright's Fst was 0.144. Differences among populations appeared to be manifested as variation in gene frequencies at many loci rather than variation in allelic composition per se. However, the patterns of variation were not random. Reciprocal clinal variation of gene frequencies was observed for allele pairs at six loci. In addition, principal components analysis revealed that populations tended to genetically cluster into four regions representing the geographic areas Kyushu, Shikoku, western Honshu, and eastern Honshu. There was a significant relationship between genetic and geographic distance (r = 0.61; P < 0.01). Analysis of variance on allozyme frequencies showed that there was approximately four times as much differentiation among populations within regions, as among regions. It is likely that the observed patterns of population relationships result from the balance between genetic drift in small subpopulations and gene flow between them.
C‐BAND HETEROCHROMATIN AND DNA CONTENT IN ZEA MAYS
Authors: Rayburn A. Lane , Price H. James , Smith J. D. , Gold John R. 
Published: January 2018

The number of mitotic chromosomal C‐bands, the percent of the genome comprised of C‐band heterochromatin, and genome size (4C DNA content) were determined for 22 North American inbred and open‐pollinated lines of Zea mays. The number of C‐bands ranged from 0 in Tama Knobless Flint to 18 in Zapolate Grande. The percent C‐band heterochromatin ranged from 0% in Tama Knobless Flint to 16.9% in Tx601. Genome size varied over 23%: Gaspe Flint had the lowest DNA content (9.82 pg), and Zapolate Grande had the highest (12.12 pg). Genome size and the amount of heterochromatin were significantly correlated.The corn lines were assigned to five maturity zones encompassing a south‐to‐north range from Mexico to Canada. Significant negative correlations were detected between the amount of C‐band heterochromatin and maturity zones, and between DNA content and maturity zones among the lines.It is speculated that the simultaneous selection by man for earlier maturation and plant size may be related to the lower DNA content of corn varieties adapted to higher latitudes. Such selection for larger plants may have been achieved through selection for more cells, which could result from the shorter mitotic cycle time that correlates with reduced DNA amount.
SEED SET AND SEED PREDATION IN PEDICULARIS FURBISHIAE, A RARE ENDEMIC OF THE ST. JOHN RIVER, MAINE
Authors: Menges Eric S. , Waller Donald M. , Gawler Susan C. 
Published: January 2018

We measured seed set and losses due to mammal and insect predation during 1983 in seven northern Maine populations of Furbish's Lousewort (Pedicularis furbishiaeS. Wats.; Scrophulariaceae), a perennial herb endemic to the banks of the St. John River. Only about a quarter of initiated flowers developed a capsule with a full complement (mean = 25) of seeds. Secondary (lateral) inflorescences matured a smaller proportion of capsules than primary (terminal) inflorescences. About 58% of the initiated flower primordia were aborted or did not develop mature seeds by early September; this was probably not due to pollinator limitation.Several agents could have reduced seed production. Although spittlebugs infested between 3 and 30% (average 20%) of developing flower scapes by population, they did not depress the number of inflorescences initiated or the number of capsules matured. In contrast, 74% of capsules containing a lepidopteran seed predator (the plume mothAmblyptilia pica[Walsingham], newly discovered as a seed predator onP. furbishiae) had no seeds (mean = 3 seeds). Seed predation affected 39% of the potentially maturable capsules. In 6–30% of all capsules preyed upon, the lepidopteran was parasitized by an ichneumonoid wasp larva; these capsules matured about 7 seeds. Herbivory by rabbits, rodents, and deer also reduced seed set, eliminating 98% of the scapes at one site, and averaging 40% for other populations. Mammals and insects together removed at least 62% of maturable seeds. Populations varied widely in predation and seed set. Predispersal seed loss inP. furbishiae,coupled with slow seedling growth and occasional catastrophic mortality from ice scour and erosion, could limit population growth in this rare endemic.
STRUCTURAL CORRELATES OF IMBIBITIONAL INJURY IN TYPHA POLLEN
Authors: Sack Fred D. , Leopold A. Carl , Hoekstra Folkert A. 
Published: January 2018

The ultrastructure of Typha latifolia pollen was examined as a function of pollen moisture content and incubation temperature, in order to identify possible lesions induced by imbibitional chilling. A syndrome of structural traits was found which characterizes damaged grains. Compared to viable grains, the protoplast of damaged pollen has a higher proportion of its volume occupied by vesicles, and less volume occupied by cytoplasm. Damaged grains also tend to have dilated cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum, larger starch grains and lipid bodies, poorly preserved mitochondria and membranes, and, sometimes, numerous electron‐dense globules associated with membranes. The percentage of grains exhibiting this damage syndrome correlates closely with the number of ungerminated grains in most samples, regardless of moisture content or incubation temperature.Injury due to rapid imbibition from the dry state or to imbibitional chilling appear to be similar structurally, regardless of whether the stresses are imposed singly or together. The injury is not confined to one cell component (e.g., mitochondria), but may involve a generalized disruption of membranes. These results suggest that similar stress responses are elicited by imbibition from the dry state and by imbibitional chilling.
INFLUENCE OF NEIGHBORS ON TREE FORM: EFFECTS OF LATERAL SHADE AND PREVENTION OF SWAY ON THE ALLOMETRY OF LIQUIDAMBAR STYRACIFLUA (SWEET GUM)
Authors: Holbrook N. Michele , Putz Francis E. 
Published: January 2018

Liquidambar styraciflua (sweet gum) saplings were open grown (control), guy‐wired to prevent wind‐induced sway (constrained), or guy‐wired within open‐topped shade cloth cylinders to simulate shading by neighboring trees (shaded). Mechanical stability was assessed after 2 years of growth by field measurement of whole‐tree flexibility and with the critical buckling height predictions of five allometrical models. Data from this experiment are supplemented with measurements of sweet gum trees growing in a 9‐year‐old pine plantation; individuals crowded but not overtopped by pines are compared with similar‐aged trees growing in openings within the plantation.Changes in aboveground architecture were stimulated by both prevention of sway and lateral shade but the effect of the latter was most pronounced; shaded saplings approached or exceeded their calculated critical height and buckled under their own weight when the shade cloth cylinders were removed. Rates of aboveground biomass acquisition, total leaf area, wood density, and wood elastic moduli did not differ among the three treatments; changes in stem allometry accounted for most of the observed differences in tree stability. Sweet gum trees growing in a pine plantation responded similarly to neighbors; crowded trees had larger height: diameter ratios and more closely approached their calculated critical heights than did trees growing in the open. Sweet gum saplings growing in dense stands of similar‐sized plants may surmount their neighbors by allocating relatively more wood to height growth than to girth increment.