bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison between in vitro and randomized in situ models for remineralization of artificial enamel lesions
Authors: Jablonski-Momeni Anahita , Lentz Jenna , Jablonski Boris , Kiesow Andreas , Morawietz Maria 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe randomized study aimed to evaluate the comparability of in situ (iS) and in vitro (iV) study protocols regarding remineralization of artificial enamel lesions. Two toothpastes (group A: 1450 ppm sodium fluoride, group B: placebo 0 ppm F-), were investigated. IV, a pH-cycling model with toothpaste slurry treatment was applied for 10d. IS, remineralization was performed in 9 participants wearing splints with embedded enamel samples for 10 and 21d, randomly allocated to groups A and B. Samples were scanned by X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT) and grayscale value line profiles corresponding to mineral density (rel.ΔZ) were analyzed. Statistical analyses were performed using MedCalc Statistical Software, v22.021. T-Test for dependent and independent data and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for further analyses (α = 0.05). Rel.ΔZ of fluoride treated samples (A) were iV = 40.2%, iS 10d = 11.5% and iS 21d = 46.1% (p > 0.05). Rel.ΔZ of placebo treated samples (B) were: iV = − 6.2%, iS 10d = 25.2% and iS 21d = 11.0% (p > 0.05). Remineralization potential of both toothpastes was significantly different regarding iV (p < 0.001) and iS after 21d (p = 0.034), while in case of iS 10d no significant difference was detected (p = 0.4). Despite different study protocols the μCT results after remineralization were comparable between iV and iS. The results suggest that selected studies can be carried out in faster, simplified iV studies using pH-cycling instead of iS studies.
Visible feature engineering to detect fraud in black and red peppers
Authors: Nargesi Mohammad Hossein , Kheiralipour Kamran 
Published: October 2024

AbstractVisible imaging is a fast, cheap, and accurate technique in the assessment of food quality and safety. The technique was used in the present research to detect sea foam adulterant levels in black and red peppers. The fraud levels included 0, 5, 15, 30, and 50%. Sample preparation, image acquisition and preprocessing, and feature engineering (feature extraction, selection, and classification) were the conducted steps in the present research. The efficient features were classified using artificial neural networks and support vector machine methods. The classifiers were evaluated using the specificity, sensitivity, precision, and accuracy metrics. The artificial neural networks had better results than the support vector machine method for the classification of different adulterant levels in black pepper with the metrics’ values of 98.89, 95.67, 95.56, and 98.22%, respectively. Reversely, the support vector machine method had higher metrics’ values (99.46, 98.00, 97.78, and 99.11%, respectively) for red pepper. The results showed the ability of visible imaging and machine learning methods to detect fraud levels in black and red pepper.
Prognostic potential of standard laboratory parameters in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer receiving first-line immunotherapy
Authors: Buerk Bjoern Thorben , Kusiek Cathrin , Schüttke Vayda , Sondermann Marcus , Yakac Abdulbaki , Abbate Elena , Fuessel Susanne , Thomas Christian , Erdmann Kati 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThrough their involvement in cancer metabolism, alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) reflect the tumor burden and thus could have a prognostic potential for patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPI). Therefore, this study investigated the prognostic potential of these parameters in a real-world cohort of patients with metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC) under first-line CPI-based therapy. The retrospective study cohort included 82 mRCC patients treated with CPI-based first-line therapy between 2019 and 2023. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and response rates were evaluated according to baseline levels and early dynamic changes of ALAT, ASAT, GGT and LDH. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were generated to identify independent prognosticators for PFS and OS. High baseline levels and non-normalized kinetics of ALAT, ASAT, GGT and LDH were significantly associated with shorter PFS and OS (p < 0.05), which was also reflected by lower response rates. Combining the four parameters at baseline into a 4-Risk-Score resulted in an enhanced prognostic power, as indicated by a higher C-index of 0.693 for OS compared to the individual parameters (≤ 0.663). Patients with all four risk factors present showed the worst PFS and OS. Overall, baseline levels and early kinetics of the four parameters as well as the 4-Risk-Score were identified as independent prognosticators for PFS and OS by multivariate analysis. As standard laboratory parameters, ALAT, ASAT, GGT and LDH are cost-effective and could be easily used either alone or in combination for therapy monitoring of CPI-treated mRCC patients.
Applying quantum approximate optimization to the heterogeneous vehicle routing problem
Authors: Fitzek David , Ghandriz Toheed , Laine Leo , Granath Mats , Kockum Anton Frisk 
Published: October 2024

AbstractQuantum computing offers new heuristics for combinatorial problems. With small- and intermediate-scale quantum devices becoming available, it is possible to implement and test these heuristics on small-size problems. A candidate for such combinatorial problems is the heterogeneous vehicle routing problem (HVRP): the problem of finding the optimal set of routes, given a heterogeneous fleet of vehicles with varying loading capacities, to deliver goods to a given set of customers. In this work, we investigate the potential use of a quantum computer to find approximate solutions to the HVRP using the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA). For this purpose we formulate a mapping of the HVRP to an Ising Hamiltonian and simulate the algorithm on problem instances of up to 21 qubits. We show that the number of qubits needed for this mapping scales quadratically with the number of customers. We compare the performance of different classical optimizers in the QAOA for varying problem size of the HVRP, finding a trade-off between optimizer performance and runtime.
Serum laminin γ2 monomer as a predictive biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Nio Kouki , Shimakami Tetsuro , Terashima Takeshi , Yanagi Masahiro , Toyama Tadashi , Koshikawa Naohiko , Nakagawa Masatoshi , Yoshida Eisaku , Yoshimura Toru , Seiki Motoharu , Honda Masao , Yamashita Taro 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis retrospective study evaluated the use of laminin γ2 monomer (LG2m) as a predictive biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Serum LG2m levels were measured in two cohorts of patients: cohort 1 comprised 56 patients with chronic liver disease for assessing LG2m stability, whereas cohort 2 included 89 patients with chronic HBV infection who did not have HCC for evaluating the usefulness of LG2m measurement in HCC prediction. LG2m was highly stable in cryopreserved serum, and an increased LG2m level was significantly associated with a higher risk of HCC in chronically HBV-infected patients (P = 0.012). Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that high LG2m was an independent significant risk factor for HCC (hazard ratio, 7.16; 95% confidence interval, 1.31–39.2; P = 0.023). These findings suggest that LG2m may serve as a useful biomarker for the prediction of future HCC in patients with chronic HBV infection.
A microscale soft lithium-ion battery for tissue stimulation
Authors: Zhang Yujia , Sun Tianyi , Yang Xingyun , Zhou Linna , Tan Cheryl M. J. , Lei Ming , Bayley Hagan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAdvances in the development of tiny devices with sizes below a few cubic millimeters require a corresponding decrease in the volume of driving power sources. To be minimally invasive, prospective power sources in biomedical devices must be fabricated from soft materials. Previous endeavors with droplet-based devices have produced promising miniature power sources; however, a droplet-based rechargeable battery has remained out of reach. Here we report a microscale soft flexible lithium-ion droplet battery (LiDB) based on the lipid-supported assembly of droplets constructed from a biocompatible silk hydrogel. Capabilities such as triggerable activation, biocompatibility and biodegradability and high capacity are demonstrated. We have used the LiDB to power the electrophoretic translocation of charged molecules between synthetic cells and to mediate the defibrillation and pacing of ex vivo mouse hearts. By the inclusion of magnetic particles to enable propulsion, the LiDB can function as a mobile energy courier. Our tiny versatile battery will thereby enable a variety of biomedical applications.
Minimizing defect states through multidentate coordination and morphology regulation for enhancing the performance of inverted perovskite solar cells
Authors: Baishya Himangshu , Patel Mayur Jagdishbhai , Das Adhikari Ramkrishna , Yadav Deepak , Iyer Parameswar Krishnan 
Published: October 2024

The interaction between CO and Pb2+ regulated grain growth, enhanced crystallinity that effectively passivated non-radiative recombination centres and CF3 group stabilizes the perovskite structure by interacting with FA and Pb cationic defects.
On adaptive resilient secondary control for DC microgrids under false data injection attacks
Authors: Tawan Shahab , Batmani Yazdan , Shafiee Qobad , Konstantinou Charalambos 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDistributed cooperative control strategies for DC microgrids have been rapidly evolving in recent years. However, introducing a cyber layer to enhance robustness, scalability, and reliability also exposes the system to potential cyber‐attacks. The damage inflicted by such attacks on the system performance can be catastrophic, reaching a point where it may devastate the system normal operation. By using model reference adaptive control (MRAC), this article proposes a resilient approach that does not require an accurate model of the system and despite the uncertainties for detecting false data injections into the reference DC voltage and simultaneously mitigating their adverse effects on the system stability and performance. The proposed technique employs an observer to detect possible false data injections in an online manner. By emulating the behavior of an ideal reference model, the MRAC ensures adaptive adjustments of the control parameters over time to mitigate the negative effects of potential attacks effectively and despite non‐idealities such as measurement noise, parameter variations, and environmental changes in DC microgrids, the MRAC effectively manages false data injection attacks. Simulation studies are conducted using diverse scenarios involving a three‐node DC microgrid to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Pull-through endoscopic vacuum-assisted closure therapy for complicated leaks of the gastrointestinal tract: Novel technique
Authors: Engelke Carsten , Hatem Yaser , Maaß Carlos , Kraus Martin , Thomaschewski Michael , Jacob Fabian , Kloeckner Roman , Sieren Malte Maria , Keck Tobias , Marquardt Jens U , Hoeppner Jens , Kirstein Martha Maria 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEndoscopic vacuum-assisted closure (EVAC) of postsurgical leaks is an increasingly applied technique. Precise intracavitary sponge placement is technically challenging. Here, we describe a novel EVAC therapy using a combined external and endoluminal, pull-through technique.In this retrospective cohort study, we included all patients treated with pull-through EVAC for post-surgery leaks. During endoscopy, the proximal tip of the percutaneous drainage was visualized within the extraluminal abscess cavity, grasped with forceps, and pulled out orally while maintaining the distal end of the drainage above skin level. A foam sponge was fixed to the tip of the percutaneous drainage and sutured to a gastric tube at the other end. The sponge was placed in the cavity by pulling at the percutaneous drainage. Finally, the gastric probe was channeled nasally and suction was applied. Reinterventions comprised pulling the gastric tube, exchanging the sponge, and re-positioning, as described above. Therapy was stopped after closure or complete epithelialization of the leakage.Overall, seven patients were included between 2021 and
2023. Median duration of pull-through EVAC therapy was 30 days (interquartile range [IQR]
11–37 days) and the median number of endoscopic interventions was six (IQR 4–10). Technical
and clinical success was achieved in all (100%) and in six of seven patients (85.7%),
respectively. In total, one major bleeding complication associated with EVAC therapy occurred
(14.3%).Pull-through EVAC therapy is safe and effective in patients with large and challenging postsurgical leaks of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Efficacy of Expansion Pharyngoplasty without Drug-induced Sleep Endoscopy Screening in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Tenor Rafael , Palomeque-Vera Juan Miguel , Bandera-López Angel , Cuellar Pilar , Oliva-Domínguez Manuel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Introduction Expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty has been shown to be a good alternative to continuous pressure devices in patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea. On the other hand, drug-induced sleep endoscopy provides information on the pattern of collapse in obstructive sleep apnea, although it is unclear whether this information improves the surgical outcomes.
Objective To evaluate the success rate obtained when performing expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty on a group of patients diagnosed with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea who were not previously selected by drug-induced sleep endoscopy.
Methods We present a series of patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea who underwent surgery. Pre- and postoperative home sleep apnea tests were performed. The success rate was calculated, and we assessed whether there were statistically significant pre- and postoperative differences in the apnea-hypopnea index and oximetry values.
Results In total, 20 patients were included, and the surgical success rate was of 80%. Statistically significant improvements were demonstrated in the mean apnea-hypopnea index (from 40.25 ± 15.18 events/hour to 13.14 ± 13.82 events/hour; p < 0. 0001), the mean oximetric data (from 26.3 ± 12.97 desaturations/hour to 13.57 ± 15.02 desaturations/hour; p = 0.034), and in the mean percentage of total sleep time in which the patient had less than 90% of saturation (from 8.64 ± 9.25% to 4.4 ± 7.76%; p = 0.028).
Conclusion The results showed significant improvements in the apnea-hypopnea index and in the oximetric data, with a surgical success rate of 80%, despite the lack of prior drug-induced sleep endoscopy screening.
Obstructive Salivary Gland Disorders - A Malaysian Patient Series
Authors: Subha Sethu Thakachy , Osman Malina , Narayanan Prepageran 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Introduction Obstructive salivary gland disease is a frequently encountered clinical entity that can present to various health practitioners. Obstructive sialadenitis can lead to recurrent infections and debilitating quality-of-life issues.
Objective There is a paucity of published data regarding obstructive salivary disorders among the multiracial Asian population. The present study aimed to determine the demographic pattern and risk factors of obstructive salivary gland disorders with the goal of better management of this condition.
Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary institution over a period of 5 years.
Results A total of 256 (9.84 for every 1,000) patients were found to have salivary disorders, 10% of who were diagnosed to have obstructive disorder. Among the obstructive salivary disorders, 76% had sialolithiasis, 19% had recurrent parotitis, and 1 patient had chronic sialadenitis. We observed a small female preponderance for obstructive salivary disorders. This study revealed that smoking is a significant risk factor (p = 0.041; prevalence ratio = 2.54, 95% confidence interval 1.12–5.78), and smokers were 2.5 times more likely to develop obstructive salivary disorders. There was no statistical correlation between the prevalence and other risk factors like infection, dehydration, intake of medications, history of diabetes mellitus, radiotherapy, and autoimmune disorders.
Conclusion Our study results demonstrated that the prevalence of obstructive salivary gland disorders was 0.1%. This study provided a better understanding of the prevalence and risk factors of obstructive salivary disorders, which facilitate timely management and improves quality of life.
The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy versus Notched Sound Therapy in Adults with Chronic Subjective Tinnitus and Normal Hearing
Authors: Mekki Soha Abdelraouf , Sehlo Mohammed Gamal , Youssef Usama Mahmoud , Ibraheem Ola Abdallah , Ghazaly Mai Ragab 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Introduction Tinnitus can be distressing, and it affects the quality of life (QoL) through psychological and cognitive impairments. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and notched sound therapy (NST) are tinnitus management approaches aiming to reduce symptoms and improve QoL via two different mechanisms. The CBT attains the cognitive principle, whereas the NST initiates tinnitus habituation.
Objective To evaluate the effect of CBT and NST and compare their results in the management of chronic subjective tinnitus.
Methods The present prospective study involved 64 adults with normal hearing and chronic subjective tinnitus. They were subjected to history taking, basic audiological evaluation, and extended high-frequency audiometry at 10 and 12.5 kHz. The participants were divided into two equal groups, the first treated with CBT and the second treated with NST. The psychoacoustic measures of tinnitus and the Arabic Questionnaire for Tinnitus Reaction (Arabic-QTR) were used to monitor the outcomes of both therapies.
Results Both groups showed significant reduction in tinnitus severity according to the Arabic-QTR and tinnitus loudness matching. Improvement in the Arabic-QTR was better in the CBT group, while tinnitus loudness improvement was better in the NST group.
Conclusion Both CBT and NST are effective in the management of chronic subjective tinnitus. In a comparison of the effect of the two therapies, CBT was found to be more effective in decreasing tinnitus-related distress, whereas SNT was found to be more helpful in reducing tinnitus loudness.
Metastatic Malignant Paraganglioma of Rare Sites Failed on Conventional Treatments Demonstrating Beneficial Response to 177Lu-DOTATATE PRRT
Authors: Edamadaka Yeshwanth , Bal Munita , Rane Swapnil , Parghane Rahul V. , Basu Sandip 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe incidence of paraganglioma (PGL) is rising due to better imaging modalities employed for evaluating incidentaloma and surveillance of the asymptomatic carriers. Benign and malignant PGLs often cannot be reliably diagnosed on histology alone, and the documentation of metastases is important in the diagnosis of malignancy. Advancement in genomics has improved our understanding of PGL. 68Ga-DOTATATE positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) scan shows a significant superior detection rate compared with other conventional functional and anatomical imaging modalities, can detect rare sites of primary disease in PGL, and also aids in patient selection for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). PRRT is increasingly used in metastatic setting with good symptomatic and biochemical response and disease stabilization in metastatic PGL patients. We present a series of three patients with PGLs located in rare primary sites (sigmoid colon, urinary bladder, and carotid body space), which showed recurrence of disease on conventional treatments and developed metastatic disease in the lymph nodes, liver, skeleton, and lungs. PRRT with 177Lu-DOTATATE achieved symptom control, favorable biochemical and imaging responses, and increased progression-free and overall survival rate in the described patients.
Cerium doped yttrium aluminum perovskite scintillator as an absolute ultracold neutron detector
Authors: Krivoš M. , Floyd N. C. , Tang Z. , Morris C. L. , Blatnik M. , Clayton S. M. , Cude-Woods C. B. , Holley A. T. , Hooks D. E. , Ito T. M. , Liu C.-Y. , Makela M. , Martinez I. F. , Martinez M. R. , Navazo A. S. C. , O’Shaughnessy C. M. , Pattie R. W. , Renner E. L. , Singh M. , Surbrook J. , Young A. R. 
Published: October 2024

The upcoming UCNProBe experiment at Los Alamos National Laboratory will measure the beta decay rate of free neutrons with different systematic uncertainties than previous beam-based neutron lifetime experiments. We have tested a new 10B-coated Yttrium Aluminum Perovskite (YAP:Ce) scintillator and present its properties. The advantages of the YAP:Ce scintillator include its high Fermi potential, which reduces the probability for upscattering of ultracold neutrons (UCN), and its short decay time, which increases sensitivity at high counting rates. Birks’ coefficient of YAP:Ce was measured to be (5.56−0.30+0.05)×10−4 cm/MeV. The loss of light due to the 120 nm 10B-coating was measured to be about 60%, and the loss of light from YAP:Ce due to transmission through a deuterated polystyrene scintillator was about 50%. The efficiency for neutron capture on the 10B coating was (86.8 ± 2.6)%, and a measurement using UCN showed that the YAP:Ce crystal counted 8%–28% more UCN compared to a ZnS:Ag screen. The difference may be due to the uneven coating of 10B on the rough surface of ZnS:Ag.
Structural and optoelectronic study of MgLiX3 (X= Cl, Br, and I) halide perovskites: A DFT approach
Authors: Parves Md. Shahazan , Mahmud S. , Tarekuzzaman Md. , Rayhan M. A. , Rasheduzzaman Md. , Hasan Md. Zahid 
Published: October 2024

This article presents in-depth information on the structural and optoelectronic properties of MgLiX3 (X = Cl, Br, and I) perovskites, and it suggests that MgLiX3 perovskites are promising materials for use in a variety of optoelectronic gadgets. The structural and optoelectronic properties of the compounds are determined utilizing first-principles calculations, with the density functional theory applied through the WIEN2k code. The structural stability was verified by computing the formation energy and binding energy. This study investigated the behavior of electronic conductivity and determined the bandgap values by employing TB-mBJ, which are 3.354 eV (MgLiCl3), 1.728 eV (MgLiBr3), and 0.067 eV (MgLiI3). Furthermore, optical properties such as absorption coefficient, reflectivity, conductivity, loss function, dielectric function, refractive index, and extinction coefficient were calculated and analyzed. In the visible range, MgLiBr3 and MgLiI3 exhibit their primary highest peaks of the absorption coefficient, which are 8.8 × 104 cm−1 for MgLiBr3 and 7.7 × 104 cm−1 for MgLiI3. On the other hand, MgLiCl3 demonstrates its initial highest peaks in the UV range, that is, 9 × 104 cm−1. The findings indicate that among the compounds studied, MgLiBr3 shows promise as a candidate for manufacturing solar cell devices based on the SQ limit, bandgap for typical perovskites (within 0.8–2.2 eV), and absorption in the visible range. MgLiCl3 is suitable for manufacturing several optoelectronic devices, such as laser diodes (LDs) and UV sensors due to having a high absorption coefficient in the ultraviolet region. With its low energy bandgap and high absorption coefficient in the IR to VR regions, MgLiI3 is well-suited for manufacturing photodetectors, LEDs, and other optoelectronic devices.