bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing factors of E. coli contamination of household drinking water in suburban and rural Laos and Thailand
Authors: Vannavong N. , Overgaard H. J. , Chareonviriyaphap T. , Dada N. , Rangsin R. , Sibounhom A. , Stenström T. A. , Seidu R. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Drinking water (DW) can serve as a route for disease transmission if not properly managed. The study assessed the effect of different factors on Escherichia coli quantities in DW in household water storage containers in suburban and rural villages in Laos and Thailand. Higher E. coli concentrations in DW were found in Laos compared to Thailand, especially in households without toilets (in Laos) and in rural rather than in suburban villages. In suburban Laos, house material, storage container types and lack of toilets were significantly associated with E. coli contamination of DW, whereas in rural Laos, corresponding significant factors were rain-fed water, containers with lids and lack of toilets. In suburban Thailand, rain-fed water, storage container types and container cleaning frequency were significantly associated with DW contamination, while house materials, manually collected rainwater and container cleaning frequency were associated with contamination in rural Thailand. Socio-demographic characteristics were less associated with E. coli contamination of DW in this study. Treatment of household stored water (e.g. boiling), regular cleaning of rain jars as well as the provision of household toilets, especially in Laos, can provide barriers against E. coli contamination of DW.
Quantitative microbial risk assessment used to evaluate seasonal wastewater treatment limits: case study in Vacaville, CA
Authors: Seto Edmund , Olivieri Adam W. , Danielson Richard E. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
A quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) was conducted to support renewal of the City of Vacaville wastewater discharge permit and seasonal (summer) filtration requirements. Influent and final disinfected effluent from the city's wastewater treatment plant, as well as 11 receiving water stations, were monitored for indicator organisms (i.e. total and fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, male-specific bacteriophage (MS2), and the Bacteroidales) and several pathogens (i.e. Giardia cysts, Cryptosporidium oocysts, infectious Cryptosporidium, and Norovirus GI and GII). QMRA annualized risks of infection for selected pathogens enteric viruses, Giardia and Cryptosporidium. Estimated median annualized risk for recreational exposure in either disinfected secondary and/or filtered disinfected secondary effluent is on the order of 1.1 × 10−3 per person per year (pppy) for enteric viruses and would be roughly one order of magnitude lower if local receiving water dilution of the treatment plant effluent was taken into account. Estimated median annual risk for recreation exposure in disinfected secondary effluent is 1.8 × 10−3 pppy for Cryptosporidium and 1 log10 less with filtration during the summer months. The estimated median annual risk for landscape exposure (e.g. golfing) to secondary disinfected effluent is 7.6 × 10−7 pppy for enteric viruses. Estimated median annualized risk is 1.7 × 10−7 pppy for enteric viruses and 3.0 × 10−5 to 3.6 × 10−6 pppy for parasites for use of secondary disinfected effluent with irrigated agriculture. Estimated annualized risks for recreational exposure to the local receiving waters were approximately 10 to 1,000 times greater than direct recreational exposure to the final filtered and disinfected effluent. All risk estimates associated with exposure to final treated plant effluent (i.e. secondary filtered and disinfected) were close to or lower than the California level of acceptable annual risk of infection of 10−4 pppy for recreational exposure. Risk estimates provide further evidence to support the use of seasonal treatment limits requiring summer filtration for public health protection.
Agro-ecological compensation of watershed based on emergy
Authors: Fu Yicheng , Du Xia , Ruan Benqing , Liu Laisheng , Zhang Jian 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The paper aims at providing a framework to calculate the agro-eco-compensation standard based on the systems agro-ecological concept of embodied energy as emergy. We have proposed a calculation system of eco-compensation standard for sustainable agricultural development based on the convertibility between emergy and price. According to our calculation, the total energy of agricultural production in Yongding River Basin was 3.45 E + 16 Sej/ha (the unit emergy value, expressed in solar emergy joules per unit) in terms of the renewable resources, nonrenewable resources, material inputs, and service costs. The energy of renewable and nonrenewable resources was 1.59 E + 16 and 1.86E + 16 Sej/ha, respectively. The ESI (environmental sustainability index) of the study area was 0.1056, indicating that its agricultural production was in a seriously unsustainable condition. To realize the sustainable agricultural production in the watershed, the downstream governments should pay $21.81 M (¥135 million) approximately to upstream governments for water and soil conservation. The results of the present study suggested that the emergy-based calculation method of agro-eco-compensation standard is feasible to a certain degree.
Odniesienia do osoby i tekstów św. Pawła w Regule św. Benedykta
Authors: Dąbek Tomasz 
Published: August 2017

The Rule of St. Benedict is the norm of the life for Christian monks in Occident. According to the biblical index in the edition of R. Hanslik (Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum, 75) in the Rule are citations from 30 and allusions from 39 texts of Corpus Paulinum in 82 places of RB. More of one time are citations or allusions to Rom 2, 11; 12, 10; 1 Cor 4, 12; 9, 27; 10, 4; Eph 4, 37; Phil 2, 8; 2 Tim 3, 13; 5, 20; 2 Tim 4, 2. This is a good example of reading and use of the Bible in ancient monasticism and also help for contemporary monks and nuns.
Circulating Antibodies against Thrombospondin Type-I Domain-Containing 7A in Chinese Patients with Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy
Authors: Wang Jia , Cui Zhao , Lu Jie , Probst Christian , Zhang Yi-miao , Wang Xin , Qu Zhen , Wang Fang , Meng Li-qiang , Cheng Xu-yang , Liu Gang , Debiec Hanna , Ronco Pierre , Zhao Ming-hui 
Published: August 2017

Background and objectives
Thrombospondin type-I domain–containing 7A (THSD7A) was recently identified as the target antigen in about 10% of patients with M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R)–negative membranous nephropathy in European and North American populations. The prevalence of THSD7A in other populations and their clinical associations deserve further clarification.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Immunofluorescence assay was performed to investigate anti-THSD7A antibodies in 578 consecutive patients with biopsy-proven idiopathic membranous nephropathy, 114 patients with secondary membranous nephropathy, 64 disease controls, and 20 healthy controls. Glomerular expression of THSD7A antigen was examined by immunohistochemistry. Anti-PLA2R antibodies and glomerular PLA2R expression were also screened.

Results
Among the 578 patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy, 12 (2%) patients were identified as THSD7A-positive: ten patients were THSD7A-positive alone, which accounted for 16% (ten of 64) of PLA2R-negative patients; two patients were dual-positive for both anti-THSD7A and anti-PLA2R antibodies and showed enhanced expression of both antigens colocalized in glomeruli. Among the 114 patients with secondary membranous nephropathy, one among 44 (2%) patients with cancer had anti-THSD7A antibodies, whereas 18 of 44 (41%) had anti-PLA2R antibodies. No anti-THSD7A antibody was detected in other disease controls or healthy individuals. Clinical features were comparable between the patients with and without THSD7A. During follow-up, two patients who achieved remission had a clearance of circulating antibodies against THSD7A, whereas antibodies increased in parallel with proteinuria in a patient with a relapse.

Conclusions
THSD7A-associated membranous nephropathy has a low prevalence in Chinese patients. The double-positive patients suggest dual autoimmune responses.
Understanding the Gap Between Efficacy in Randomized Controlled Trials and Effectiveness in Real-World Use of GLP-1 RA and DPP-4 Therapies in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Carls Ginger S. , Tuttle Edward , Tan Ruo-Ding , Huynh Johnny , Yee John , Edelman Steven V. , Polonsky William H. 
Published: August 2017

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to estimate and explain the gap between clinical efficacy and real-world (RW) effectiveness of type 2 diabetes medications.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This mixed-methods quasi-experimental study used retrospective claims (Optum/Humedica) to compare the change in HbA1c of RW patients with type 2 diabetes 12 months after starting a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) or dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor with published findings from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating these drugs. Selected RW patients were similar to RCT patients, and regression analysis was used in the RW data to adjust for differences between poorly adherent and adherent patients to explain why RCT and RW findings may differ.

RESULTS
RW patients initiating a GLP-1 RA (n = 221) or a DPP-4 (n = 652) experienced smaller reductions in HbA1c (GLP-1 RA: −0.52% [−6 mmol/mol], DPP-4: −0.51% [−6 mmol/mol])than reported in RCTs (−1.30% [−14 mmol/mol] from seven GLP-1 RA RCTs, n = 2,600; −0.68% [−8 mmol/mol] from four DPP-4 RCTs, n = 1,889). Baseline HbA1c, additional medications, and adherence were significant explanatory factors in the RW HbA1c change. Modeled estimates of RCT efficacy (−1.04% GLP-1 RA [−12 mmol/mol], −0.69% DPP-4 [−8 mmol/mol]) were within the RCTs’ reported range (GLP-1 RA: −0.84% to −1.60% [−9 to −18 mmol/mol], DPP-4: −0.47% to −0.90% [−5 to −10 mmol/mol]). Poor medication adherence accounted for approximately three-fourths of the gap between RW and expected RCT results (gap = 0.51% [6 mmol/mol] GLP-1 RA; 0.18% [3 mmol/mol] DPP-4).

CONCLUSIONS
Poor medication adherence is primarily why RW effectiveness is significantly less than RCT efficacy, suggesting an urgent need to effectively address adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes.
Risk of Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) Contamination by Risk Metals from the Soil of Iraq
Authors: Ismael Dalaram S. , Vollmannová Alena , Musilová Janette , Timoracká Mária 
Published: August 2017

The aim was to evaluate the influence of the grown locality on risky metal intake from the soil to the chickpea seeds. The research was realised in three different localities of Iraq (Harer, Erbil, Ankawa) using the same chicpea cultivar. In all soil samples the determined total content of Co, Ni, Cr, and Cd exceeded the limit values (by 45% - 87%, 196% - 302%, 57% - 132% and 500% - 810%, respectively). In one locality (Harer) also the Cu content by 2% exceeded maximal allowed value given by the legislative. In all sample sites also the maximal available soil content of mobile Pb forms was by 5% - 265% exceeded. Despite of extremely high soil contents of Co, Ni, and Cr the investigated chickpea seeds are from the point of these risky metal contamination safe. All determined values of heavy metal contents are lower than hygienic limits. Only Cd and Pb amounts in seeds of chickpea from Iraq exceeded the limit value given by legislative. Based on our results we could suppose that chickpea can be risky food if it is grown in the soil with enhanced amounts of Pb and Cd.
KOMPARASI KINERJA FUZZY TIME SERIES DENGAN MODEL RANTAI MARKOV DALAM MERAMALKAN PRODUK DOMESTIK REGIONAL BRUTO BALI
Authors: ANTARA I MADE ARYA , N. KENCANA I PUTU EKA , SUKARSA I KOMANG GDE 
Published: August 2017

This paper aimed to elaborates and compares the performance of Fuzzy Time Series (FTS) model with Markov Chain (MC) model in forecasting the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GDRP) of Bali Province. Both methods were considered as forecasting methods in soft modeling domain. The data used was quarterly data of Bali’s GDRP for year 1992 through 2013 from Indonesian Bureau of Statistic at Denpasar Office. Inspite of using the original data, rate of change from two consecutive quarters was used to model. From the in-sample forecasting conducted, we got the Average Forecas­ting Error Rate (AFER) for FTS dan MC models as much as 0,78 percent and 2,74 percent, respec­tively. Based-on these findings, FTS outperformed MC in in-sample forecasting for GDRP of Bali’s data.
KINERJA JACKKNIFE RIDGE REGRESSION DALAM MENGATASI MULTIKOLINEARITAS
Authors: DEVITA HANY , SUKARSA I KOMANG GDE , N. KENCANA I PUTU EKA 
Published: August 2017

Ordinary least square is a parameter estimations for minimizing residual sum of squares. If the multicollinearity was found in the data, unbias estimator with minimum variance could not be reached. Multicollinearity is a linear correlation between independent variabels in model. Jackknife Ridge Regression(JRR) as an extension of Generalized Ridge Regression (GRR) for solving multicollinearity. Generalized Ridge Regression is used to overcome the bias of estimators caused of presents multicollinearity by adding different bias parameter for each independent variabel in least square equation after transforming the data into an orthoghonal form. Beside that, JRR can reduce the bias of the ridge estimator. The result showed that JRR model out performs GRR model.
INTERPOLASI SPASIAL DENGAN METODE ORDINARY KRIGING MENGGUNAKAN SEMIVARIOGRAM ISOTROPIK PADA DATA SPASIAL (Studi Kasus: Curah Hujan di Kabupaten Karangasem)
Authors: PURNAMA D. PUTU MIRAH , SUKARSA KOMANG GDE , DHARMAWAN KOMANG 
Published: August 2017

Spatial data is data that is presented in the geographic of an object, related to the location, shape and relationship of the earth in space. One of example of spatial data is rainfall. To determine the value of rainfall in an area, built to predict rain post information regarding rainfall. Spatial interpolation is used to estimate rainfall by collecting rainfall values held rain heading around. Assessment methods used in the estimate the rainfall in the Karangasem district is ordinary kriging using isotropic semivariogram that takes into account height on spatial data. Isotropic semivariogram which only takes into account the distance alone. Ordinary kriging method using isotropic semivariogram that takes into account height value estimated rainfall is much different to the values at the control points Amlapura and Besakih. Interpolation on 3D data are not suitable for use on ordinary kriging method, grouping should be done at the data into a few weeks to application of ordinary kriging interpolation method using anisotropic semivariogram on 3D data.
ESTIMASI MODEL REGRESI SEMIPARAMETRIK MENGGUNAKAN ESTIMATOR KERNEL UNIFORM (Studi Kasus: Pasien DBD di RS Puri Raharja)
Authors: FITRIANI ANNA , SRINADI I GUSTI AYU MADE , SUSILAWATI MADE 
Published: August 2017

Semiparametric regression model estimation is an estimation that combines both parametric and nonparametric regression model. In semiparametric regression, some of the variables are parametrics and the others are nonparametrics. Semiparametric regression is used when relationship pattern between independent and depentdent variables is half known and half unknown. Regression curve smoothing technique in nonparametric components in this study was using uniform kernel function. The optimal semiparametric regression curve estimation was obtained by optimal bandwidth. By choosing optimal bandwidth, we would obtain a smooth regression curve estimation in respect to data pattern. In choosing optimal bandwidth, we use minimum GCV as a criteria.The purpose of this study was to estimate the semiparametric regression function of dengue fever case using uniform kernel estimator. There were 6 independent variables namely age (in years) body temperature (in Celcius), heartbeat (in times/minutes) hematocryte ratio (in percent), amount of trombocyte (× 103/ul) and fever duration ( in days). Age, body temperature, heartbeat, amount of trombosyte and fever duration are parametric components and hematocryte ration is a nonparametric component. The optimal bandwidth (h) which was obtained with minimum GCVwas 0,005. The value of MSE which was obtained by using multiple linear regression analysis was 0,031 and by using semiparametric regression was 0,00437119.
ANALISIS HUBUNGAN PRODUKSI PADI DAN INDIKATOR ENSO DI KABUPATEN TABANAN DENGAN PENDEKATAN COPULA
Authors: UDAYANI LUH GEDE , SUMARJAYA I WAYAN , SUSILAWATI MADE 
Published: August 2017

Dependence relationship between two or more variables is an issue that is often studied in the science of probability and statistics. Pearson correlation is often the easiest option to measure dependencies between variables. It is well known, that Pearson correlation assumes that the variable under study must be normally distributed. However, in reality this is not the case; for example, data in fields such as climatology and meteorology, insurance, and financial. Copula is a tool that can be used to model the joint distribution because it does not require the assumption of normality of the data so that it is resilient against a wide range of data. In this study, we discussed the application of copula in modeling the structure of dependencies between two variables: the production of rice and El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) indicator per period in Tabanan Regency. The best dependency model structure is given by the Frank copula of the Archimedean copula family with estimation parameter, ? = 2,817 and the loglikelihood value of 3,47.
PEMODELAN PENYEBARAN KASUS DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE (DBD) DI KOTA DENPASAR DENGAN METODE SPATIAL AUTOREGRESSIVE (SAR)
Authors: JAYANTI NI MADE SURYA , SUMARJAYA I WAYAN , SUSILAWATI MADE 
Published: August 2017

One of spatial regression model is Spatial Autoregressive (SAR), which assumes that the autoregressive process only on the dependent variable only by considering the spatial effects. There are two aspects of spatial effects, that is spatial dependence and spatial heterogeneity. One of the problems which considers spatial effect is the spread of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). Denpasar City is an endemic DHF disease because there have been DHF cases in three consecutive years or more. The purpose of this research is to estimate the spread of DHF in Denpasar City along with the factors that affect it. The results show that the factors that influence the spread of DHF are neighborhood, area and the role of Jumantik at the every village in Denpasar City.
PERBANDINGAN METODE MCD-BOOTSTRAP DAN LAD-BOOTSTRAP DALAM MENGATASI PENGARUH PENCILAN PADA ANALISIS REGRESI LINEAR BERGANDA
Authors: KUMALASARI NI LUH PUTU RATNA , SUCIPTAWATI NI LUH PUTU , SUSILAWATI MADE 
Published: August 2017

Outliers are observations that are far away from other observations. Outlier can be interfered with the process of data analysis which influence the regression parameters estimation. Methods that are able to deal with outliers are Minimum Covariance Determinant and Least Absolute Deviation methods. However, if both methods are applied with small sample the validity of both methods is being questioned. This research applies bootstrap to MCD and LAD methods to small sample. Resampling using 500, 750,and 1000 with confidence interval of 95% and 99% shows that both methods produce an unbiased estimators at 10%, 15%, and 20% outliers. The confidence interval of MCD-Bootstrap method is shorter than LAD-Bootstrap method. Both are, MCD-Bootstrap method is a better thus than LAD-Bootstrap method.
ESTIMASI NILAI AVERAGE VALUE AT RISK PADA SAHAM PORTOFOLIO DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE ANALISIS KOMPONEN UTAMA
Authors: NIKASARI NI LUH , DHARMAWAN KOMANG , SRINADI I GUSTI AYU MADE 
Published: August 2017

There are several methods that can be used to measure the risk of a portfolio of stocks. One of them is Average Value at Risk (AVaR). The purpose of this study is to implement Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to select stocks to be incorporated in the portfolio and also to compare the AVaR of the portfolio when the stocks selected using PCA and selected using mean-variance method. The data we used are the closing price of the stocks BBCA, BDMN, ICBP, INTP, CPIN, KLBF, GGRM, MNCN, SMCB, and SGRO. The selected stocks using PCA are BBCA, CPIN, INTP and, MNCN with AVaR is 1.0971% for 90% confidence level and for 95% confidence level is 1.1432% whereas by using mean variance method, it is found that BDMN, GGRM, ICBP, and SMCB have to be incorporated in the portfolio with AVaR is 1.3314% for 90% confidence level and 1.4263% for 95% confidence level.
IDENTIFIKASI FAKTOR-FAKTOR PEMICU KEKERASAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA DI KOTA DENPASAR
Authors: ARIFIANTI LAILY A.A. , JAYANEGARA KETUT , GANDHIADI G.K. , KENCANA EKA N. 
Published: August 2017

Family or domestic violence is meant as a pattern of someone behavior that abuse his/or her power against another member(s) in a family or domestic setting. Knowing the underlying factors that trigger family violence are important to keep family members form a harmonious relationship. This work is aimed to elaborate those factors. By analyzing primary data from 120 respondents whom witness and well informed about family violence in their neighborhoods, factor analyzes is applied. Data are collected by using tested questionnaires. The results showed they were six underlying factors for family violence with total accounted for all factors were 65.19 percent. Those factors are (a) social relationship, (b) job description, (c) past experience, (d) supporting factor, (e) economics’ status, and (f) harmonious relationship level. From these factors, social relationship dominates the others with variance explained for family violence as much as 21.39 percent.
Une société de négoce français au Brésil dans le dernier tiers du XIX e siècle : Boris Frères au Ceará
Authors: Monteiro Takeya Denise 
Published: August 2017

Nous avons étudié, dans cet article, les activités de la société Boris Frères pendant la première décennie de son existence au Brésil : les années 1870. Ses relations commerciales montrent, d’une part, le rôle que cette société a joué dans l’intégration d’une économie agro-exportatrice au commerce international et, d’autre part sa conquête d’une place sur le marché du Ceará.
L’avenir de la grande entreprise industrielle : vers une rationalisation des processus d’apprentissage ?
Authors: Hatchuel Armand 
Published: August 2017

Dans cet article, nous ne chercherons pas à prédire les structures des entreprises du siècle prochain. Nous partirons d’abord de trois points de vue nécessaires à la compréhension des évolutions des firmes. S’éloignant des approches classiques, ces points de vue permettent d’explorer les grandes zones de tension contemporaines : la sophistication des dimensions du service, la recomposition des activités de conception, la mobilisation des savoirs d’exécution . Ces zones de tension demanderont bien plus que des politiques structurelles ou des systèmes de contrôle. Elles exigeront la rationalisation de multiples processus d’ apprentissage qui, en fin de compte, construiront à la fois les stratégies et les organisations. Car les firmes ne sont pas de simples associations de capital et de travail, elles ne sont pas non plus des espaces de rationalité absolue ; elles vivent aussi de la création et de l’échange d’expertises multiples . Or les firmes contemporaines affronteront un contexte historique dans lequel l’ampleur, la multiplicité et l’instabilité des savoirs en interaction seront sans précédent. Cela ne sera pas sans conséquences pour le système de gouvernement des firmes, et l’on peut penser que la conduite d’apprentissages collectifs complexes suscitera l’émergence de nouvelles figures du système dirigeant.