bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finely layered CM2 carbonaceous chondrites may be analogs for layered boulders on asteroid (101955) Bennu
Authors: Jawin Erica R. , McCOY Timothy J. , Melendez Lisette E. , Corrigan Catherine M. , Righter Kevin , Connolly Harold C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOrbital observations of Bennu revealed a surface covered in boulders that are most similar among meteorites in our collections to aqueously altered carbonaceous chondrites, and initial analyses of the returned Bennu sample have begun to reveal insights into Bennu's origins. We identified a suite of paired CM2 chondrite meteorites that have a finely layered texture and bear a striking similarity, although at a different scale, to rugged, layered boulders on Bennu. We investigated the nature and potential origin of this layered texture by performing a petrofabric analysis on samples MET 00431, 00434, and 00435. We developed a micro‐geospatial mapping framework that is more commonly used for landscape‐scale investigations. Our results reveal a pervasive fracture network that exhibits a similar orientation to flattened particles dominated by tochilinite–cronstedtite intergrowths (TCI). We propose that their petrofabrics originated from a low‐energy impact on the parent body that occurred after the main period of aqueous alteration halted. The impactdeformed TCI (which formed during earlier aqueous alteration) and generated the fractures. We propose that the sample from Bennu may contain particles with similar layered textures to these meteorites which, if present, would likewise indicate the dominant role of impacts and aqueous alteration on Bennu's parent body.
Beyond the bedside: A scoping review of the experiences of non‐practising health care professionals in Health Professions Education
Authors: Church Helen R. , Brown Megan E. L. , Govender Lynelle , Clark Deborah 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe shortage of educators within Health Professions Education (HPE) threatens the optimal training of the future health care workforce. Furthermore, without recruitment of diverse and skilled faculty, targets to expand the workforce will not be possible. Non‐practising health care professionals offer extensive knowledge and qualifications within health care, without the competing clinical commitments of their clinical academic colleagues, and therefore are ideally positioned to support education and training initiatives. However, the limited available evidence suggests that these individuals face significant challenges transitioning from clinical to academic roles. The purpose of this scoping review is to address the research question ‘What is known about the career experiences of non‐practicing healthcare professionals (defined as individuals with clinical backgrounds who no longer engage in direct patient care) across various professions and internationally, within the field of health professions education?’. To do so, we aim to map the global experiences of non‐practising health care professionals from different specialties and disciplines transitioning to HPE, with a view to both current support strategies that aim to recruit and retain these individuals and fuel future research in this area.MethodsFollowing Arksey and O'Malley's scoping review guidelines, a research question was formulated focussing on exploring the career experiences of non‐practising health care professionals now working in HPE. Searching seven literature databases and grey literature identified 51 articles for analysis. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were utilised to chart and thematically analyse data to identify key themes.ResultsThere has been a rise in publications on this topic, with most studies originating from the United States and focusing on nursing. Transition to academia is marked by significant challenges, including identity shifts, renumeration and professional progression tensions, licencing issues and financial concerns. Support systems are crucial to navigating new roles alongside personal/professional development but often lacking.DiscussionThis scoping review highlights challenges and opportunities for non‐practising health care professionals in HPE. Additional support for making the transition to education, including structured onboarding processes and long‐term mentoring relationships, would be beneficial. Recognising the liminal space these professionals occupy might also facilitate more effective integration into academic roles, contributing to a more dynamic and inclusive HPE environment. Future research should explore these experiences from broader professional and geographical perspectives and employ an intersectional approach to fully understand and support this growing demographic in our field.
Arabidopsis F‐box proteins D5BF1 and D5BF2 negatively regulate Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation and tumorigenesis
Authors: Hu Qin , Li Xueying , Xi Weijie , Xu Junjie , Xu Chao , Ausin Israel , Wang Yafei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens is known for causing crown gall tumours in plants. However, it has also been harnessed as a valuable tool for plant genetic transformation. Apart from the T‐DNA, Agrobacterium also delivers at least five virulence proteins into the host plant cells, which are required for an efficient infection. One of these virulence proteins is VirD5. F‐box proteins, encoded in the host plant genome or the Ti plasmid, and the ubiquitin/26S proteasome system (UPS) also play an important role in facilitating Agrobacterium infection. Our study identified two Arabidopsis F‐box proteins, D5BF1 and D5BF2, that bind VirD5 and facilitate its degradation via the UPS. Additionally, we found that Agrobacterium partially suppresses the expression of D5BF1 and D5BF2. Lastly, stable transformation and tumorigenesis efficiency assays revealed that D5BF1 and D5BF2 negatively regulate the Agrobacterium infection process, showing that the plant F‐box proteins and UPS play a role in defending against Agrobacterium infection.
What can naked mole‐rats teach us about ameliorating hypoxia‐related human diseases?
Authors: Kadamani Karen L. , Rahnamaie‐Tajadod Reyhaneh , Eaton Liam , Bengtsson John , Ojaghi Mohammad , Cheng Hang , Pamenter Matthew E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAmeliorating the deleterious impact of systemic or tissue‐level hypoxia or ischemia is key to preventing or treating many human diseases and pathologies. Usefully, environmental hypoxia is also a common challenge in many natural habitats; animals that are native to such hypoxic niches often exhibit strategies that enable them to thrive with limited O2 availability. Studying how such species have evolved to tolerate systemic hypoxia offers a promising avenue of discovery for novel strategies to mitigate the deleterious effects of hypoxia in human diseases and pathologies. Of particular interest are naked mole‐rats, which are among the most hypoxia‐tolerant mammals. Naked mole‐rats that tolerate severe hypoxia in a laboratory setting are also protected against clinically relevant mimics of heart attack and stroke. The mechanisms that support this tolerance are currently being elucidated but results to date suggest that metabolic rate suppression, reprogramming of metabolic pathways, and mechanisms that defend against deleterious perturbations of cellular signaling pathways all provide layers of protection. Herein, we synthesize and discuss what is known regarding adaptations to hypoxia in the naked mole‐rat cardiopulmonary system and brain, as these systems comprise both the primary means of delivering O2 to tissues and the most hypoxia‐sensitive organs in mammals.
DEMOGRAPHIC PATTERNS IN HYLLIE MOSSE (SCANIA, SWEDEN): ESTIMATING ABSOLUTE POPULATION BETWEEN THE LATE NEOLITHIC AND THE EARLY BRONZE AGES
Authors: Bilotti Giacomo 
Published: September 2024

SummaryThis paper reconstructs the population dynamics within the Hyllie Mosse region (Scania, Sweden) from 2400 to 1600 BC. South‐western Scania is particularly well‐known thanks to extensive archaeological work in the past decades, making it one of the most thoroughly investigated areas in Sweden. The Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age periods are of paramount importance in understanding the socio‐cultural transformations within the Baltic region. By integrating a comprehensive database of longhouses from Scania with the available archaeological data from the Hyllie Mosse area, this study provides absolute demographic estimates through a transparent and replicable methodology. It highlights that the region experienced a significant peak in human occupation between 2000 and 1800 BC, followed by a decline. In prehistoric times, the area was covered by a relatively large bog, and was therefore not uniformly settled. At its peak, it is estimated that the region, approximately 9.7 km2 in size – 4 km2 of which have been archaeologically investigated – could have supported 75 to 150 inhabitants.
Semi‐invasive therapies for pain in knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Goh Siew‐Li , Chong Melissa Wee , Ling Jerri , Jaafar Zulkarnain , Lim Zhuang‐Li , Yau May‐Yann , Ong Terence , Richards Jim 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe increasing number of semi‐invasive pain therapies in knee osteoarthritis poses challenges in decision‐making. This review aimed to simultaneously compare established intra‐articular therapies with newer peri‐articular therapies and explore effect modifiers.MethodsRandomized controlled trials were searched from five electronic databases without date or language restrictions. Study selection and data extraction of reports, retrieved up to May 2024, were performed independently by paired assessors. The primary outcome was 6‐month pain score. Nine treatments were included. The effect size (ES) for each treatment, relative to placebo, was estimated using standardized means difference and expressed with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The rigor of results was evaluated with subgroup/sensitivity analyses.ResultsA total of 111 studies (14,695 participants) were included, with intra‐articular hyaluronic acid having the greatest number of participants. Neuroablation demonstrated the greatest ES (1.08, 95% CI: 0.07, 2.10). While platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) ranked second (ES: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.28, 1.22), it was the only intervention demonstrating statistically significant effect at 3, 6, and 12 months. However, this statistical significance was lost in some sensitivity analyses. Larger estimates for biologics and PRP compared with prolotherapy, steroid, and hyaluronic acid injections were consistently observed across different timepoints and in multiple sensitivity analyses. Generally, no statistically significant difference was found between the nine types of therapies.ConclusionAlthough there is robust evidence suggesting greater efficacy of PRP, potentially including biologics, over other interventions, future research is needed to identify the phenotype or patient subgroup that would benefit most from PRP.
Why is voter turnout in presidential elections increasing among people concerned about the risk of COVID‐19 worsening in Africa?
Authors: Mpabe Bodjongo Mathieu Juliot 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article aims to explain why participation in presidential elections increased among people who feared the risk of worsening COVID‐19 in Africa. The analysis is based on a sample of 16,890 people living in 34 African countries. Econometric results suggest that fear of the pandemic's escalation can reduce citizens' willingness to participate in presidential elections. However, this negative effect changes based on perceptions of government management of the pandemic. We show that the likelihood of voting in a presidential election increases significantly among those afraid of the pandemic's worsening with (i) a lack of confidence in government statistics on COVID‐19; (ii) perceived corruption related to the COVID‐19 pandemic; (iii) a lack of confidence in the government's ability to ensure the safety of COVID‐19 vaccines; (iv) perceived insufficient public investment in combating health emergencies; and (v) perceived insufficient intervention by law enforcement in enforcing COVID‐19 control measures.Related ArticlesOnyango, Gedion, and Japheth Otieno Ondiek. 2022. “Open Innovation during the COVID‐19 Pandemic Policy Responses in South Africa and Kenya.” Politics & Policy 50(5): 1008–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12490.Stockemer, Daniel. 2016. “Is the Turnout Function in Democracies and Nondemocracies Alike or Different?” Politics & Policy 44(5): 889–915. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12174.Stockemer, Daniel, and Stephanie Parent. 2014. “The Inequality Turnout Nexus—New Evidence from Presidential Elections.” Politics & Policy 42(2): 221–45. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12067.
Exogenous melatonin enhances the continuous cropping tolerance of Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) by regulating the antioxidant defense system
Authors: Huang Xiaoyan , Leng Jiali , Liu Changmin , Huang Kaifeng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe yield of Tartary buckwheat is significantly affected by continuous cropping. Melatonin plays a crucial role in plant defense mechanisms against abiotic stresses. However, the relationship between melatonin and continuous cropping tolerance remains unclear. This study aimed to analyze the physiological mechanism of melatonin in enhancing the continuous cropping tolerance (abiotic stress) of Tartary buckwheat. A field experiment was conducted on Tartary buckwheat cultivar Jinqiao 2 under continuous cropping with five melatonin application rates, 0 (Control), 10, 50, 100, and 200 μmol L−1, applied during the early budding stage. The chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activity, osmolyte and auxin (IAA) contents, root activity, rhizosphere soil nutrient content, and agronomic traits of Tartary buckwheat initially increased and then decreased with an increase in the concentration of exogenous melatonin application, with the best effects observed at 100 μmol L−1. Compared with the Control treatment, the 100 μmol L−1 treatment decreased the contents of malondialdehyde, superoxide anion free radical, and abscisic acid (ABA) by an average of 28.79%, 27.08%, and 31.64%, respectively. Exogenous melatonin treatment significantly increased the yield of Tartary buckwheat under continuous cropping. Plants treated with 10, 50, 100, and 200 μM respectively had 1.88, 2.01, 2.20, and 1.78 times higher yield than those of the Control treatment. In summary, melatonin treatment, particularly 100 μmol L−1, enhanced the continuous cropping tolerance of Tartary buckwheat by increasing antioxidant capacity and osmotica content, coordinating endogenous ABA and IAA content levels, and delaying senescence, ultimately increasing yield.
Pre‐ and Post‐Thaw Addition of L‐Carnitine and Pyruvate: Effect on Stallion Sperm Parameters
Authors: Caldevilla Mariana , Ferrante Alejandro , Neild Débora M. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe addition of antioxidants to cryopreservation media reportedly improves sperm post‐thaw quality and reproductive performance after artificial insemination. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate if the addition of L‐carnitine and pyruvate to freezing media, or their addition to samples after thawing, improves the post‐thaw quality of equine spermatozoa. Thus, in Experiment 1, stallion semen samples were cryopreserved in: (1) EDTA–glucose–based extender with 20% egg yolk and 5% dimethylformamide (EDTA control); (2) skim milk–based extender with 20% egg yolk and 5% dimethylformamide (milk control); (3) Extender 1 supplemented with 50 mM L‐carnitine and 10 mM pyruvate (EDTA‐carnitine‐pyruvate); and (4) Extender 2 supplemented with 50 mM L‐carnitine and 10 mM pyruvate (milk‐carnitine‐pyruvate). In Experiment 2, 50 mM L‐carnitine and 10 mM pyruvate were added post‐thaw to samples cryopreserved with extenders 1 and 2 (EDTA control and milk control). Sperm kinematic parameters, DNA fragmentation, membrane lipid peroxidation, acrosome status and viability were evaluated after thawing. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed for most of the kinematic parameters, DNA fragmentation, membrane lipid peroxidation, acrosome status and viability of spermatozoa, between the samples frozen in the presence or absence of L‐carnitine and pyruvate, nor between the samples after the post‐thaw addition of these components. A higher (p < 0.05) mean velocity and higher (p < 0.05) amplitude of lateral head displacement were observed in the samples frozen in the milk‐based extender with the addition of L‐carnitine and pyruvate after thawing. The addition of 50 mM L‐carnitine and 10 mM pyruvate, either to the freezing extenders or after thawing, was not deleterious for sperm; however, it did not improve equine sperm motility, viability, acrosome and DNA integrity, nor decrease membrane lipid peroxidation after thawing.
Predator–prey systems with a variable habitat for predators in advective environments
Authors: Zhang Baifeng , Liu Xianning , Wei Yangjiang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCommunity composition in aquatic environments can be shaped by a broad array of factors, encompassing habitat conditions in addition to abiotic conditions and biotic interactions. This paper pertains to reaction–diffusion–advection predator–prey model featuring a variable predator habitat in advective environments, governed by a unidirectional flow. First, we establish the near‐complete global dynamics of the system. In instances where the functional response to predation conforms to Holling‐type I or II, we explore the uniqueness and stability of positive steady‐state solutions via the application of particular auxiliary techniques, the comparison principle for parabolic equations, and perturbation analysis. Furthermore, we obtain the critical positions at the upper and lower boundaries of the predator's habitat, which determine the survival of the prey irrespective of the predator's growth rate. Finally, we show how the location and length of the predator's habitat affect the persistence and extinction of predators and prey in the event of a small population loss rate at the downstream end. From the biological point of view, these results contribute to our deeper understanding of the effects of habitat on aquatic populations and may have applications in aquaculture and the establishment of protection zones for aquatic species.
Constraining the Timing of the Closure of the Intra‐Pontide Ocean by U–Pb Dating of Syntectonic Calcite
Authors: Kuş Levent , Laçin Davut , Aykut Tunahan , Uysal I. Tonguç 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe western Black Sea region is a key area for the study of the Neo‐Tethys orogenic belt, as it contains records of the evolutionary history of the entire Alpine orogeny from subduction to oceanic closure and collision. The Izmir‐Ankara and the Intra‐Pontide suture zones represent the final closure of the Neo‐Tethys oceans. However, when the final closure took place is still disputed. In this study, we investigate syn‐collisional faulting events in the western Black Sea region near Istanbul. We performed kinematic analyses of faulting and U–Pb dating of syntectonic calcite precipitates on the fault planes to constrain the timing of Neo‐Tethys Ocean closure and post‐collisional contractional tectonics. Syntectonic calcite precipitates associated with regional N‐S compressional tectonics provide precise U–Pb ages between 48 and 57 Ma, constraining the early Eocene age of reverse faulting and associated closure of the Intra‐Pontide Ocean.
What we still don't know about weed diversity: A scoping review
Authors: Westbrook Anna S. , Wilcox Natalie Rose K. , Stup Rebecca S. , Xu Sky , Djuric Natasha , Coffey Ryleigh E. , Özaslan Cumali , Xia Rosa H. , Urmaza Serafinn , Sher Micah A. , DiTommaso Antonio 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIncreased agricultural weed diversity is associated with reduced dominance of competitive weeds that reduce crop yields. In addition, diverse weed communities can promote biodiversity at other trophic levels and enhance ecosystem services. For both reasons, there is increasing interest in the relationship between agricultural management and weed diversity. Existing information in this area is limited, relative to the large number of influential factors, but knowledge is increasing rapidly. We conducted a scoping review to determine when, where, and how weed diversity has been evaluated in relation to management. From an initial set of 10 236 items retrieved from Web of Science and Scopus, 7198 were screened and 331 were included. The median publication year was 2015. Nearly half of all studies were conducted in Europe (n = 161, 49%). Organic cropping systems were included in 48 studies (15%). Tillage was the most common management factor (n = 111, 34%), followed by crop rotation (n = 73, 22%). There were 135 studies in which management factors were implemented for six or more years (41%). Most studies included measurements of species richness (n = 265, 80%) and/or Shannon–Wiener diversity (n = 145, 44%). Overall, this review identified a small and heterogenous—but quickly growing—body of literature on weed diversity. Priority areas for future research should include weed diversity beyond field crops in temperate environments, weed seedbanks, functional diversity, and best practices for measuring weed diversity.