bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cesarean Delivery Changes the Natural Position of the Uterus on Transvaginal Ultrasonography
Authors: Kaelin Agten Andrea , Honart Anne , Monteagudo Ana , McClelland Spencer , Basher Basmy , Timor‐Tritsch Ilan E. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesTo assess whether cesarean delivery changes the natural position of the uterus.MethodsIn this retrospective Institutional Review Board–approved cohort study, we conducted a search of our university gynecologic ultrasonography (US) database. Patients with transvaginal US images before and after either vaginal or cesarean delivery between 2012 and 2015 were included. Women with prior cesarean delivery were excluded. Two readers independently measured antepartum and postpartum flexion angles between the longitudinal axis of the uterine body and the cervix. We calculated intraclass correlation coefficients to measure inter‐reader agreement. Antepartum and postpartum uterine flexion angles were compared between patients with vaginal and cesarean delivery.ResultsWe included 173 patients (107 vaginal and 66 cesarean delivery). The mean interval between scans ± SD was 18 ± 10 months. Inter‐reader agreement for flexion angles was almost perfect (intraclass correlation coefficients: antepartum, 0.939; postpartum, 0.969; both P < .001). There was no difference in mean antepartum flexion angles for cesarean delivery (154.8° ± 45.7°) versus vaginal delivery (145.8° ± 43.7°; P = .216). Mean postpartum flexion angles were higher after cesarean delivery (180.4° ± 51.2°) versus vaginal delivery (152.8° ± 47.7°; P = .001. Differences in antepartum and postpartum flexion angles between cesarean and vaginal delivery were statistically significant (25.6° versus 7.0°; P = .027).ConclusionsCesarean delivery can change the uterine flexion angle to a more retroflexed position. Therefore, all women with a history of cesarean delivery should undergo a transvaginal US examination before any gynecologic surgery or intrauterine device placement to reduce the possibility of surgical complications.
Population trends for Scripps's murrelet following eradication of black rats
Authors: Whitworth Darrell L. , Carter Harry R. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTNest monitoring at Anacapa Island, California, USA, in 2001–2010 documented considerable benefits for Scripps's murrelets (Synthliboramphus scrippsi) following the eradication of black rats (Rattus rattus) in 2002. In 2014, post‐eradication monitoring resumed at Anacapa to update the number of occupied nests in monitored plots, count murrelets in nocturnal at‐sea congregations near Anacapa using round‐island spotlight surveys, and compare post‐eradication rates of population change (λ) estimated from nest counts and spotlight surveys. Nest counts and spotlight counts demonstrated increases; the overall number of nests increased 4.45 times from 2001 (11 nests) to 2014 (60 nests) and mean round‐island counts in 2014 (869 ± 592 [SD]) were higher than in 2001–2003 (227 ± 151). Time series regression yielded annual increases that were marginally higher for nests (λ = 1.151) compared to round‐island counts (λ = 1.122). The slight difference may have resulted from inherent differences in the indices used to measure λ, spatial biases in nest plots, data gaps in the regressions, and small sample biases for round‐island counts. The post‐eradication λ for murrelets at Anacapa was slightly higher than the mean response reported for other Alcidae (λ = 1.113). This was the first use of spotlight surveys to estimate λ based on counts of seabirds congregating at‐sea near breeding areas. This study provided vital information needed to better assess the risks and benefits of future island restoration actions, justification for further murrelet conservation efforts, and confirmation of spotlight surveys as a population monitoring tool for Scripps's murrelets. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Gaining a deeper understanding of capture‐induced abandonment of moose neonates
Authors: DelGiudice Glenn D. , Severud William J. , Obermoller Tyler R. , St‐Louis Véronique 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTCapture‐induced abandonment of ungulate neonates has been poorly understood until recently, likely often underestimated, and anecdotally reported to occur at variable rates. This complex maternal behavior adversely affects the accuracy, efficiency, cost‐effectiveness, and consequently the overall value of behavioral and survival studies. To follow‐up on a previous study where we reported an 18.4% rate of abandonment of moose (Alces alces) neonates following helicopter‐assisted capture in Minnesota, USA, we tracked the movement behavior of 12 and 13 moose neonates fitted with global positioning system (GPS) collars during 8–15 May 2014 (phase 1) and 21 May–19 June (phase 2), respectively. These efforts were part of an overall study of reproductive success and cause‐specific mortality in Minnesota's remaining viable but declining moose population. During phase 1, 7 (3 M, 4 F) of 12 (6 M, 6 F) neonates were abandoned by 5 of 9 dams. Our capture‐induced abandonment contingency plan and monitoring of hourly location fixes of the GPS‐collared newborns and their dams allowed us to recover 6 of the 7 abandoned neonates alive and in good condition. During phase 2, we reduced our capture team from 3 to 4 to 2 persons and limited handling to fitting the GPS collar and sexing the neonate ( = 0.7 min). Capture‐induced abandonment decreased to 1 of 10 dams abandoning a set of twins. Mean distance of dams to capture site (calving site) 1 hour pre‐ and 1 hour post‐capture did not indicate a predisposition to abandonment. However, differences in distances of dam to capture site, dam to neonate(s), and neonate to capture site over 48–96 hours post‐capture suggested a clear pattern of capture‐induced abandonment. None of the birth, capture, neonate, or dam characteristics examined indicated a predisposition to capture‐induced abandonment at the study cohort level. However, minimizing capture‐induced abandonment through rapid handling of neonates will greatly increase the overall value of field studies that rely on the capture of animals. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Greater sage‐grouse population trends across Wyoming
Authors: Edmunds David R. , Aldridge Cameron L. , O'Donnell Michael S. , Monroe Adrian P. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTThe scale at which analyses are performed can have an effect on model results and often one scale does not accurately describe the ecological phenomena of interest (e.g., population trends) for wide‐ranging species: yet, most ecological studies are performed at a single, arbitrary scale. To best determine local and regional trends for greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) in Wyoming, USA, we modeled density‐independent and ‐dependent population growth across multiple spatial scales relevant to management and conservation (Core Areas [habitat encompassing approximately 83% of the sage‐grouse population on ∼24% of surface area in Wyoming], local Working Groups [7 regional areas for which groups of local experts are tasked with implementing Wyoming's statewide sage‐grouse conservation plan at the local level], Core Area status (Core Area vs. Non‐Core Area) by Working Groups, and Core Areas by Working Groups). Our goal was to determine the influence of fine‐scale population trends (Core Areas) on larger‐scale populations (Working Group Areas). We modeled the natural log of change in population size (peak M lek counts) by time to calculate the finite rate of population growth (λ) for each population of interest from 1993 to 2015. We found that in general when Core Area status (Core Area vs. Non‐Core Area) was investigated by Working Group Area, the 2 populations trended similarly and agreed with the overall trend of the Working Group Area. However, at the finer scale where Core Areas were analyzed separately, Core Areas within the same Working Group Area often trended differently and a few large Core Areas could influence the overall Working Group Area trend and mask trends occurring in smaller Core Areas. Relatively close fine‐scale populations of sage‐grouse can trend differently, indicating that large‐scale trends may not accurately depict what is occurring across the landscape (e.g., local effects of gas and oil fields may be masked by increasing larger populations). Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Developing a synchronous otolaryngology telemedicine Clinic: Prospective study to assess fidelity and diagnostic concordance
Authors: Seim Nolan B. , Philips Ramez H. W. , Matrka Laura A. , Locklear Brittany , Inman Mark , Moberly Aaron C. , Essig Garth F. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate diagnostic concordance of a synchronous telemedicine otolaryngology clinic with use of currently available technology.Study DesignProspective.MethodsPatients in a rural otolaryngology clinic were enrolled in a pilot telemedicine clinic. To assess system fidelity, an on‐site and remote (consulting) otolaryngologist conducted simultaneous patient evaluations using streaming telecommunication technology for all aspects of the clinical encounter, including high‐definition examination and endoscopic images. Both physicians and patients were blinded and diagnoses recorded. Post‐encounter physician surveys and an original patient‐centered TeleENT Satisfaction Questionnaire (TESQ) were used to assess overall satisfaction.ResultsTwenty‐one patients were enrolled consecutively. Visual technology was found acceptable in all cases, and audio technology was acceptable in 20 of 21 encounters. Patient satisfaction was 96%, and patients felt comfortable using a telemedicine system in the future. Encounters were not significantly longer than traditional encounters. Physician diagnostic agreement was found in 95% of cases, and the consulting physician indicated that all encounters provided sufficient history, examination, and high‐quality images to generate an accurate diagnosis, order additional workup, and/or make an appropriate referral.ConclusionA synchronous otolaryngology telemedicine clinic is comparable to a standard clinic in terms of diagnostic concordance and patient satisfaction when using streaming technology and high‐definition images. Using telemedical technology may be a viable way to increase otolaryngology access in remote or underserved areas. With system validity now established, future studies will assess the feasibility of using trained on‐site physician extenders (nurse practitioners or physician assistants) to conduct in‐person patient encounters with remote otolaryngologist support.Level of Evidence2c. Laryngoscope, 128:1068–1074, 2018
Assessment of laryngeal cancer in patients younger than 40 years
Authors: Nachalon Yuval , Alkan Uri , Shvero Jacob , Yaniv Dan , Shkedy Yotam , Limon Dror , Popovtzer Aron 
Published: October 2017

Objectives/HypothesisTo assess the differences between patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma under 40 years old and those 40 years old or older. A secondary objective was to compare survival outcome between these cohorts.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsWe reviewed the medical charts of all patients treated in our tertiary referral center for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma from 2005 to 2014. Patients aged < 40 years at diagnosis were compared to older patients.ResultsThe study group comprised 160 patients. Of them, 13 were aged < 40 years at diagnosis. Mean age was 35 ± 3.9 years and 64.4 ± 11 years for the two groups. Among the younger patients, 38% were smokers (mean pack/day, 2.2) versus 71% in the older group (mean pack/day, 3). The younger group typically had a more advanced stage than the older group at presentation; eight young patients (62%) had stage III or IV versus 49 (33%) in the older group (P = .042). Mean overall survival was 6.7 ± 1 years for those under 40 years old and 7.7 ± 0.2 years for the older patients (P = .2). The 5‐year survival rate was 69% for young patients and 90% for the older group (P = .04). However, there was no significant between‐group difference in overall survival or 5‐year survival rate when stratified for early‐ and late‐stage disease.ConclusionsThere is a lower prevalence of classic risk factors in younger patient with laryngeal carcinoma in this study, suggesting a different etiology compared to our older cohort. The under‐40 cohort presented with more advanced disease and had a worse 5‐year survival; however, when stratified for early‐ versus late‐stage disease, there was no significant difference in overall or 5‐year survival between the groups. This may suggest that, despite a different etiology, laryngeal cancer behaves similarly in older and younger patients.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:1602–1605, 2018
Topical protection of mice laryngeal mucosa using the natural product cashew gum
Authors: Figueiredo Aline A. , Santana Ana P. M. , Nicolau Lucas A. D. , Batista‐Lima Francisco J. , Wong Deysi V. T. , Lucetti Larisse T. , Batista Gabriela L. P. , Caminha Natália A. , Medeiros Jand V. R. , Silva Durcilene A. , Leite José R. S. A. , Santos Armênio A. , Soares Pedro M. G. , Sifrim Daniel , Souza Marcellus H. L. P. 
Published: October 2017

Objectives/HypothesisEvaluate the effect of in vitro exposure of mice laryngeal mucosa to solutions that simulated human gastric juice and to assess the topical protective effect of cashew gum on mice laryngeal mucosal integrity in vitro.Study DesignAnimal study.MethodsMurine (Swiss) laryngeal samples were mounted in Ussing chambers. The luminal side of biopsies was exposed to solutions of different acidity with or without pepsin and/or taurodeoxycholic acid (TDC). Transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) was continuously recorded. The topical protective effect of cashew gum solution was evaluated by precoating the biopsies before the exposure with a solution at pH 5 containing 5 mM TDC. Changes in TER and mucosal permeability to fluorescein were measured.ResultsExposure of laryngeal mucosa to acidic solutions containing pepsin and TDC provoked a pH‐dependent drop in TER with the maximal effect at pH 1, but still present at pH 5 (weakly acidic). The exposure of the laryngeal mucosa to a solution of pH 5 with TDC, but not with pepsin, produced a dose‐dependent decrease in TER. Precoating the mucosa with cashew gum prevented the reduction of TER and increased transepithelial permeability by exposure to a solution at pH5 containing TDC.ConclusionsWeakly acidic solutions containing bile acids can produce impairment of laryngeal epithelial barrier, which may be protected by topical treatment with cashew gum.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 128:1157–1162, 2018
Deep oxygen penetration drives nitrification in intertidal beach sands
Authors: Schutte Charles A. , Wilson Alicia M. , Evans Tyler , Moore Willard S. , Joye Samantha B. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe discovered a hotspot of elevated nitrate concentration (median = 431 μM) in shallow beach pore water that extended across the entire length of two barrier islands in the southeastern United States of America. We investigated this feature by surveying groundwater geochemistry, measuring fluctuations in in situ dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations, modeling groundwater flow, and quantifying nitrification rates. Nitrification of groundwater ammonium was the only possible nitrate source, with a measured potential rate of 0.84 μmol m−2 h−1. However, the observed nitrate concentrations were far in excess of the predicted maximum achievable by aerobic nitrification assuming a 2 : 1 ratio of O : N and around 200 μM DO in air‐saturated seawater. Groundwater DO concentrations within the hotspot (65 cm depth) were consistently 20–50 μM. The nitrate hotspot was located at the top of the water table beneath dry, undersaturated sand that allowed the penetration of air and the dissolution of excess oxygen into the pore fluids. The total dissolved nitrogen concentration of the hotspot was higher than anywhere else on the island, indicating nitrogen accumulation within the hotspot, most likely via ammonium adsorption. Vertical dispersion was the dominant pathway for nitrate loss from the hotspot. This nitrate was consumed in underlying anoxic sand, coupling microbial pathways of nitrogen oxidation and reduction and removing bioavailable nitrogen from the beach ecosystem.
A note on equality in finite‐type arithmetic
Authors: van den Berg Benno 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe present a version of arithmetic in all finite types based on a systematic use of an internally definable notion of observational equivalence for dealing with equalities at higher types. For this system both intensional and extensional models are possible, the deduction theorem holds and the soundness of the Dialectica interpretation is provable inside the system itself.
An evaluation of a pain education programme for physiotherapists in clinical practice
Authors: Monaghan Jenni , Adams Nicola , Fothergill Melissa 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe present study evaluated the implementation and acceptability of a pain education programme delivered to physiotherapists in clinical practice.MethodsA pre‐test/post‐test design with 10 physiotherapists was employed. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for outcome measure data. Focus groups were carried out with seven physiotherapists within 1 month post‐intervention. These data were analysed using the framework approach.ResultsTen musculoskeletal physiotherapists were recruited. It was possible to develop and deliver the intervention and this was found to be acceptable to physiotherapists within clinical practice. The study explored trends within outcome measures, and one was considered appropriate. The focus groups yielded three interlinked themes, which related to the impact of the programme: “providing a context for pain education”, “influence on aspects of the patient–therapist encounter” and “logistics of the education programme in clinical practice”.ConclusionsA pain education programme delivered to physiotherapists in clinical practice was both possible to deliver and acceptable to participants. A key strength of the programme was the applicability to real‐life practice, which was valued by physiotherapists. While physiotherapists felt that pain neurophysiology education was important, they reported lacking confidence in implementing their pain neurophysiology knowledge with patients. Thus, more time is needed to focus on pain neurophysiology education, with the aim of increasing confidence with the application of this approach in clinical practice.
Increased prescription rates of anxiolytics and hypnotics to survivors of cancer in childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood—A population‐based study
Authors: Johannsdottir Inga Maria , Loge Jon H. , Kiserud Cecilie E. , Karlstad Øystein , Skurtveit Svetlana 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundSurvivors of cancer diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or young adulthood (CAYACS) risk psychological morbidities later in life. The study compares prescription rates of anxiolytics and hypnotics among survivors to rates in age‐ and gender‐matched controls.ProceduresThe population‐based cohort included 5,341 cancer survivors, diagnosed ≤25 years of age during 1965–2000. For each survivor, three age‐ and gender‐matched controls were randomly selected from the general population. Data were identified from the Norwegian Cancer and Population registries and linked to the Norwegian Prescription Database. A Cox proportional hazard model was applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of prescriptions during 2004–2012 to the survivors with controls as referents.ResultsSurvivors had an increased risk of being prescribed anxiolytics with crude rates of 16.9/1,000 person years compared to 11.8/1,000 person years in controls (HR 1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29–1.54). The relative risk was highest for survivors of neuroblastomas (HR 2.62; 95% CI 1.11–6.16), bone tumors (HR 2.00; 95% CI 1.26–3.18), and central nervous system tumors (HR 1.90; 95% CI 1.40–2.51). The risk of being prescribed hypnotics was increased with crude rates of 20.8/1,000 person years compared to 14.3/1,000 person years in controls (HR 1.44; 95% CI 1.32–1.56). The relative risk was highest for survivors of gastrointestinal tumors (HR 1.80; 95% CI 1.04–3.10), leukemias (HR 1.78; 95% CI 1.32–2.38), and soft tissue cancers (HR 1.70; 95% CI 1.09–2.64).ConclusionsCertain groups of CAYACS have an increased risk for being prescribed anxiolytics or hypnotics compared to controls. Diagnostic reasons for prescriptions are unknown, but the results indicate an increased emotional burden among these groups of survivors.
The structure of glucose‐1‐phosphate thymidylyltransferase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis reveals the location of an essential magnesium ion in the RmlA‐type enzymes
Authors: Brown Haley A. , Thoden James B. , Tipton Peter A. , Holden Hazel M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTuberculosis, caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, continues to be a major threat to populations worldwide. Whereas the disease is treatable, the drug regimen is arduous at best with the use of four antimicrobials over a six‐month period. There is clearly a pressing need for the development of new therapeutics. One potential target for structure‐based drug design is the enzyme RmlA, a glucose‐1‐phosphate thymidylyltransferase. This enzyme catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of l‐rhamnose, which is a deoxysugar critical for the integrity of the bacterium's cell wall. Here, we report the X‐ray structures of M. tuberculosis RmlA in complex with either dTTP or dTDP‐glucose to 1.6 Å and 1.85 Å resolution, respectively. In the RmlA/dTTP complex, two magnesium ions were observed binding to the nucleotide, both ligated in octahedral coordination spheres. In the RmlA/dTDP‐glucose complex, only a single magnesium ion was observed. Importantly, for RmlA‐type enzymes with known three‐dimensional structures, not one model shows the position of the magnesium ion bound to the nucleotide‐linked sugar. As such, this investigation represents the first direct observation of the manner in which a magnesium ion is coordinated to the RmlA product and thus has important ramifications for structure‐based drug design. In the past, molecular modeling procedures have been employed to derive a three‐dimensional model of the M. tuberculosis RmlA for drug design. The X‐ray structures presented herein provide a superior molecular scaffold for such endeavors in the treatment of one of the world's deadliest diseases.
Recent Progress of Self‐Powered Sensing Systems for Wearable Electronics
Authors: Lou Zheng , Li La , Wang Lili , Shen Guozhen 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWearable/flexible electronic sensing systems are considered to be one of the key technologies in the next generation of smart personal electronics. To realize personal portable devices with mobile electronics application, i.e., wearable electronic sensors that can work sustainably and continuously without an external power supply are highly desired. The recent progress and advantages of wearable self‐powered electronic sensing systems for mobile or personal attachable health monitoring applications are presented. An overview of various types of wearable electronic sensors, including flexible tactile sensors, wearable image sensor array, biological and chemical sensor, temperature sensors, and multifunctional integrated sensing systems is provided. Self‐powered sensing systems with integrated energy units are then discussed, separated as energy harvesting self‐powered sensing systems, energy storage integrated sensing systems, and all‐in‐on integrated sensing systems. Finally, the future perspectives of self‐powered sensing systems for wearable electronics are discussed.