bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Communication Management Guidelines for Software Organizations in Pakistan with clients from Afghanistan
Authors: Shah Muhammad Arif , Hashim Rathiah , Shah Adil Ali , Khattak Umar Farooq 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Developing software through Global Software Development (GSD) became very common now days in the software industry. Pakistan is one of the countries where projects are taken and designed from different countries including Afghanistan. The purpose of this paper is to identify and provide an analysis on several communication barriers that can have a negative impact on the project and to provide management guidelines for medium size software organizations working in Pakistan with clients from Afghanistan and to overcome these communication barriers and challenges organizations face when coordinating with client. Initially we performed a literature review to identify different communication barriers and to check if there are any standardized communications management guidelines for medium size software houses provided in the past. The second stage of the research paper involves guidelines with vendor's perspective that include interviews and focus group discussions with different stakeholders and employees of software houses with clients from Afghanistan. Based on those interviews and discussions we established communication management guidelines in order to overcome the communication problems and barriers working with clients from Afghanistan. As a result of the literature review, we have identified that barriers such as cultural barriers and language barrier were one of the main reasons behind the project failure and suggested that software organizations working in Pakistan should follow certain defined communication guidelines in order to overcome communication barriers that affect the project directly.
Reviews on Security Issues and Challenges in Cloud Computing
Authors: An Y Z , Zaaba Z F , Samsudin N F 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCloud computing is an Internet-based computing service provided by the third party allowing share of resources and data among devices. It is widely used in many organizations nowadays and becoming more popular because it changes the way of how the Information Technology (IT) of an organization is organized and managed. It provides lots of benefits such as simplicity and lower costs, almost unlimited storage, least maintenance, easy utilization, backup and recovery, continuous availability, quality of service, automated software integration, scalability, flexibility and reliability, easy access to information, elasticity, quick deployment and lower barrier to entry. While there is increasing use of cloud computing service in this new era, the security issues of the cloud computing become a challenges. Cloud computing must be safe and secure enough to ensure the privacy of the users. This paper firstly lists out the architecture of the cloud computing, then discuss the most common security issues of using cloud and some solutions to the security issues since security is one of the most critical aspect in cloud computing due to the sensitivity of user's data.
Agricultural (Dis)Incentives and Food Security: Is There a Link?
Authors: Magrini Emiliano , Montalbano Pierluigi , Nenci Silvia , Salvatici Luca 
Published: December 2016

AbstractUsing the World Bank database “Distortions to agricultural incentives,” this paper analyzes the impact that agricultural (dis)incentives have on food security for a wide sample of countries over the 1990–2010 period. We adopt a continuous treatment approach applying generalized propensity score matching to reduce potential biases stemming from differences in observed country characteristics. The results provide strong evidence of self‐selection and heterogeneous food security impacts at different levels of policy intensity. Estimates of the dose‐response functions show that both discrimination against agriculture and large support for it lead to poor performance in the availability, access, and utilization dimensions of food security.
The super-n-motifs model: a novel alignment-free approach for representing and comparing RNA secondary structures
Authors: Glouzon Jean-Pierre Séhi , Perreault Jean-Pierre , Wang Shengrui 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Motivation
Comparing ribonucleic acid (RNA) secondary structures of arbitrary size uncovers structural patterns that can provide a better understanding of RNA functions. However, performing fast and accurate secondary structure comparisons is challenging when we take into account the RNA configuration (i.e. linear or circular), the presence of pseudoknot and G-quadruplex (G4) motifs and the increasing number of secondary structures generated by high-throughput probing techniques. To address this challenge, we propose the super-n-motifs model based on a latent analysis of enhanced motifs comprising not only basic motifs but also adjacency relations. The super-n-motifs model computes a vector representation of secondary structures as linear combinations of these motifs.

Results
We demonstrate the accuracy of our model for comparison of secondary structures from linear and circular RNA while also considering pseudoknot and G4 motifs. We show that the super-n-motifs representation effectively captures the most important structural features of secondary structures, as compared to other representations such as ordered tree, arc-annotated and string representations. Finally, we demonstrate the time efficiency of our model, which is alignment free and capable of performing large-scale comparisons of 10 000 secondary structures with an efficiency up to 4 orders of magnitude faster than existing approaches.

Availability and Implementation
The super-n-motifs model was implemented in C ++. Source code and Linux binary are freely available at http://jpsglouzon.github.io/supernmotifs/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The Rise of Short Fiction
Authors: Hunter Adrian 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This chapter points out that, by contrast with histories of the novel, discussion of short fiction has been, to an overwhelming and limiting extent, formal and aesthetic rather than cultural and historical. Furthermore, it suggests that the problematic homogenizing of the years 1880-1920 within the modernist paradigm (which this volume as a whole questions and subverts) has mainly been responsible for the critical failure to understand the short story’s simultaneous rise to prominence. It is argued that it was in the 1890s and not the 1910s ‘that the short story became aligned with values and practices of a literary avant-garde, and entered into a distinctively modernist phase’. There are, for example, significant connections between the ‘plotless’ short story (produced by Arthur Morrison) and ‘the representational demands of urban modernity’. References to such women writers as George Egerton explore the relationship between the ‘interrogative short story form’ and female selfhood.
Race and Biology
Authors: Greenslade William 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This chapter reminds us that, amid the surge of interest in eugenics, were the ‘countervailing’ voices of writers such as Mona Caird, William James, and the anthropologist Franz Boas. These thinkers contested biological and racial determinism’s apparent hegemony, even while many of their contemporaries like Ibsen, Hardy, and Gissing were ‘creatively entangled’ in deterministic discourses around heredity, race, and biology. The chapter examines the centrality of these widely circulating discourses to the development of eugenic ideas in this period. It also explores the typological resources granted to writers, both to voice such deterministic ideas and to offer points of resistance through the different subject positions that their texts could adopt.
Life writing
Authors: Saunders Max 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Starting with Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray, the chapter argues that the mimetic concept of portraiture is disturbed at the fin de siècle as it becomes increasingly subjectivized: portraits come to be read as autobiographical; as expressing the artist as well as the sitter. It explores two literary experiments with portraiture: Pater’s variations on the idea of the ‘Imaginary Portrait’; and William Hale White’s creation in The Autobiography of Mark Rutherford of a self-portrait by an imaginary author (who is also in many ways a self-portrait). These and other texts are read as examples of what Stephen Reynolds termed (in 1906) ‘autobiografiction’: a paradigm for a vital strand of modern literature.
WhenwasModernism?
Authors: Whitworth Michael H. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe chapter considers the dates at which modernism might be taken to have started and ended, and the ideological and aesthetic judgements we implicitly make when we periodize the movement. It examines the history of the idea of 1922 as modernism’s annus mirabilis, and its consequences for the modernist canon. It asks about the value of tying aesthetic modernism to socio-historical modernity. It presents a taxonomy of the different modernities currently in use, and examines how modernity was treated by the New Criticism and how it has figured in feminist and Marxist accounts of modernism. It concludes by examining transnational accounts of modernism, and investigating the assumptions about modernism and modernity that they involve.
Transnational Commercial Surrogacy
Authors: Choudhury Cyra Akila 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
With the emergence of assisted reproductive technologies, particularly in vitro fertilization, gestational surrogacy in which an woman can be hired to gestate the child of commissioning parents has grown into a multimillion dollar industry. While many countries prohibit surrogacy, others permit and some even allow women to charge for the service of gestation on a commercial basis. This article addresses the regulation of transnational surrogacy and the related legal conflicts that arise in cross-border agreements particularly in commercial contracts It starts with a brief exploration of the surrogacy industry and growth. It then goes on to describe and analyze some of the legal frameworks that affect surrogacy contracts. The article proceeds to discuss some of the most prominent cross-border controversies to highlight that these conflicts tend to arise from a lack of international or transnational regulation on parentage and citizenship. Finally, the article explores the proposals for international regulation and the prospects of solving some of the more difficult legal problems that have arisen from transnational surrogacy.
Youth Justice in England and Wales
Authors: Gelsthorpe Loraine , Lanskey Caroline 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis chapter examines the youth justice system in England and Wales since its inception at the beginning of the twentieth century. It describes its institutional structures, and processes, and major policy trends. It also discusses tensions between welfarist and punitive responses to youth crime and the associated blurring of boundaries between childhood and adulthood, criminal and civil proceedings, social care and criminal justice. Beyond this, the chapter considers the net-widening and criminalizing tendencies of early twenty-first century managerialism, the increased severity of sentencing responses at the “heavier” end of the justice system, and the counter-narratives of restorative justice and diversion. Finally, the chapter reflects on reasons for the recent decline in the number of young people entering the system and being sentenced to custody and speculates on the future shape and character of youth justice in light of devolutionary pulls and political interests in cost-cutting and marketization of services.
Horticulture and the Roman Shaping of Nature
Authors: Pagán Victoria E. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
In the Roman world, horticulture (the art and practice of garden cultivation and management) is one aspect of the larger enterprise of farming and agriculture. Hortus denotes a kitchen garden near the house for growing vegetables; horti are large-scale pleasure grounds or parks, privately owned but sometimes open to public use. The literary and material sources from the second century b.c.e. to the second century c.e. in the regions of Latium and Campania adhere to and diverge from generic conventions, distort and exaggerate their subject, and provide social commentary on the purposes and meanings of gardens. After surveying the sources, the second section of this article reviews scholarship on gardens: archaeological studies that ask what gardens are, and cultural studies that ask what gardens mean. The conclusion suggests two future directions: reception studies and environmental sustainability.
The current overuse and misuse of meta-analyses on sublingual immunotherapy: the case of grass pollen allergy
Authors: Ridolo Erminia , Incorvaia Cristoforo , Gritti Bruna Luciana , Passalacqua Giovanni 
Published: December 2016

Purpose of review
Meta-analysis provides the highest level of evidence-based efficacy of a medical treatment or intervention. Allergen immunotherapy in its two forms of subcutaneous immunotherapy and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is an effective treatment of respiratory allergy as shown by meta-analyses, but in recent years there has been an overflow of meta-analyses on SLIT, with contrasting results that may generate confusion among physicians.

Recent findings
It can be observed that flaws are often present in meta-analyses including: incorrect selection of trials, inappropriate use of evaluation parameters for the analysis, and unsuitable analyses. For instance, it is clear that a meta-analysis of several small studies does not predict the results of a single large study that remains the gold standard to assess the efficacy and safety of a treatment. To assess the interest of the matter, we calculated the number of citations of meta-analyses on SLIT efficacy in the 10 years after the first publication in 2005 and detected a continuous decrease in citations.

Summary
Today, the appropriateness of a meta-analysis should be carefully evaluated, taking into account that a meta-analysis uses a statistical approach to combine the results from multiple small studies to increase power, to improve estimates of the size of the effect, and/or to resolve uncertainty when reports disagree. Editors and reviewers of medical journals should consider that to judge a meta-analysis requires a high level of expertise that is obvious in reviewers belonging to the Cochrane organization.
Coexistence of Adult Onset Eruptive Syringoma and Bilateral Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report
Authors: Incel Uysal Pinar , Yalcin Basak , Ozhamam Esra , Bozdogan Onder 
Published: December 2016

Abstract:
Eruptive syringoma is an unusual variant of syringoma, which usually presents before or during puberty. It typically occurs in large numbers as multiple yellow-brown–colored papules, which may show spontaneous regression. Because some authors have proposed that it could present as a reactive process of eccrine ducts to an inflammatory reaction caused by an unknown trigger, the exact pathomechanism is still unclear. There are also reports in the literature on the association of eruptive syringoma in Down syndrome, diabetes, milium, sarcoidosis, and psychiatric disorders. Some reports in the literature highlighted the association of eruptive syringomas and neoplasms. We describe here a case of adult-onset eruptive syringoma in a 53-year-old man and discuss the possibility of its association with renal cell carcinoma as a paraneoplastic phenomenon.
Galectin-3 Expression in Benign and Malignant Skin Diseases With Epidermal Hyperplasia
Authors: Jiang Ze-xin , Tan Guo-zhen , Shi Zhen-rui , Zhang Yu-ping , Han Yan-fang , Wang Liangchun 
Published: December 2016

Abstract:
Galectin-3 has been suggested relative to tumor genesis, progression, and metastasis in basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma that are the most common skin cancers characterized by malignant epidermal proliferation. In this study, we evaluated galectin-3 expression in seborrheic keratosis, keratoacanthoma, and infectious diseases including verruca vulgaris, condyloma acuminatum, and chromoblastomycosis that are pathologically featured by benign epidermal proliferation. Galectin-3 expression was shown by immunohistochemical staining and quantified using the Image Pro Plus V6.0. We found that galectin-3 distributed evenly in normal skin around the body decreased significantly in all selected diseases compared with healthy controls, but it was comparable among each disease. These findings imply that galectin-3 do not differentiate between benign and malignant proliferation of keratinocytes.
Tic Symptoms Induced by Atomoxetine in Treatment of ADHD: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Yang Rongwang , Li Rong , Gao Weijia , Zhao Zhengyan 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk for tic disorders. Atomoxetine (ATX) has been accepted as an alternative medication for patients with ADHD and a comorbid tic disorder. It is rarely reported that tic symptoms are induced by ATX.

Methods:
This present report described a boy with ADHD who developed tic symptoms during ATX initiation. We used an ABAB trial to confirm the tics were related to ATX administration. In addition, we reviewed the published literature of patients whose tic symptoms were confirmed or suspected of relating to ATX usage.

Results:
This present case with an ABAB design showed on-off control of tics with or without ATX, which allowed us to make a strong conclusion that the tics were related to ATX administration. Literature review also indicated that ATX might induce tic symptoms in children with ADHD, especially in those being boys and having a history of tics. The time from starting ATX to tics symptoms appearing was approximately 19 days. The most common tic symptoms were eye blinking, vocal tics, or throat clearing, and neck movements. These tics symptoms in most cases could be resolved after discontinuing ATX without further pharmacotherapy.

Conclusion:
Pediatricians and child psychiatrists should be well aware of this potential adverse effect in children with ADHD receiving ATX.
Drug-induced peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Green Sarah , Holton Andrew 
Published: December 2016

Summary
Drug-induced peripheral neuropathy is an important clinical problem. It can cause irreversible symptoms such as pain and numbness that have an enormous impact on ability to function normally and perceived quality of life. This can lead to dose reductions or a requirement to cease treatment with a particular drug. The mechanisms of damage are not always fully understood, but particular drugs such as the cancer chemotherapy agents are well known as identified causes of peripheral neuropathy. Investigative methods are not always satisfactory and the diagnosis is frequently clinical. It is important for clinicians to be aware of the problem so that patients at risk are asked the relevant questions.
Meta-analysis of Comparison of the Newer P2Y12 Inhibitors (Oral Preparation or Intravenous) to Clopidogrel in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Zhang Lu , Lu Jun , Dong Weihua , Tian Huiping , Feng Weiyi , You Haisheng , He Hairong , Ma Jing , Dong Yalin 
Published: December 2016

Aims:
New P2Y12 adenosine diphosphate receptor antagonists have been used in the treatment of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with different results. This systematic review analyzed and compared the evidence from large, clinical trials regarding the efficacy of clopidogrel relative to that of cangrelor, prasugrel, and ticagrelor in reducing the incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with ACS.

Methods and Results:
This analysis compared newer P2Y12 inhibitors with clopidogrel of 13 clinical trials involved a total of 87,985 patients with ACS. The newer P2Y12 inhibitors include cangrelor, prasugrel, and ticagrelor. Newer P2Y12 inhibitors significantly decreased the risk of myocardial infarction and showed a trend toward reduction of cardiovascular death (odds ratio [OR] = 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.77–0.96, and I
2 = 54%, P < 0.05); (OR = 0.85, 95% CI, 0.77–0.93, and I
2 = 42%, P < 0.001). The rates of stroke events and the incidence in patients with ACS did not differ statistically between the clopidogrel group and the group with newer P2Y12 inhibitors (OR = 0.95, 95% CI, 0.79–1.14, and I
2 = 0%, P = 0.57). However, newer P2Y12 inhibitors showed a significant increase in thrombosis in MI major or minor bleeding (OR = 1.21, 95% CI, 1.03–1.42, and I
2 = 56%, P = 0.02) compared with clopidogrel.

Conclusions:
Based on this meta-analysis, newer P2Y12 inhibitors were significantly more effective than clopidogrel in the events of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular death in patients with ACS, although the incidence of thrombosis in MI-defined bleeding was higher compared with clopidogrel.
The cross-sectional association between vasomotor symptoms and hemostatic parameter levels in postmenopausal women
Authors: Harrington Laura B. , Blondon Marc , Cushman Mary , Kaunitz Andrew M. , Rossouw Jacques E. , Allison Matthew A. , Martin Lisa W. , Johnson Karen C. , Rosing Jan , Woods Nancy F. , LaCroix Andrea Z. , Heckbert Susan R. , McKnight Barbara , Smith Nicholas L. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Objective:
Vasomotor symptoms (VMS) may be a marker of cardiovascular risk. We aimed to evaluate the cross-sectional association of VMS presence and severity with hemostatic parameter levels measured at baseline among Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Hormone Therapy trial postmenopausal participants.

Methods:
This cross-sectional analysis included 2,148 postmenopausal women with measures of VMS presence and severity reported in the 4 weeks before WHI baseline, who were not using warfarin or hormone therapy and for whom the following baseline hemostatic parameters were measured within the WHI Cardiovascular Disease Biomarker Case-Control Study: antithrombin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, protein C antigen, total and free protein S antigen, total and free tissue factor pathway inhibitor, D-dimer, normalized activated protein C sensitivity ratio, and thrombin generation. Using multiple linear regression, we estimated the adjusted average difference in each hemostatic parameter associated with VMS presence and severity. A multiple comparisons-corrected P value was computed using the P-min procedure to determine statistical significance of our smallest observed P value.

Results:
Women were 67 years of age on average and 33% reported VMS presence at baseline. There was some suggestion that VMS presence may be associated with a −0.34 adjusted difference in normalized activated protein C sensitivity ratio compared with no VMS (95% CI, −0.60 to −0.087; P = 0.009), but this association was not significant after correction for multiple comparisons (P = 0.073). VMS presence or severity was not significantly associated with the other hemostatic parameters.

Conclusions:
We found no convincing evidence that VMS presence or severity was associated with levels of hemostatic parameters among postmenopausal women.