bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Culpable leaders, trust, emotional exhaustion, and identification during a crisis
Authors: Kovoor-Misra Sarah , Gopalakrishnan Shanthi 
Published: January 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate followers’ judgments of the culpability of their leaders and the organization’s external stakeholders in causing a crisis. The authors study the differences in effects of these judgments on their trust toward their leaders, their emotional exhaustion, and their levels of organizational identification.Design/methodology/approachUsing the survey method the authors collected data from 354 individuals from an organization that filed for bankruptcy. Respondents’ comments also provided qualitative data that was used to triangulate the findings.FindingsThe authors find that individuals’ judgments that their leaders were culpable led to reduced trust, increased emotional exhaustion, and contrary to expectations reduced organizational identification. Therefore, it appears that in situations of perceived leader culpability during a crisis, followers tightly couple their leaders with the organization as a whole. In contrast, their judgments that external stakeholders were culpable were associated with increased trust toward their leaders, increased organizational identification, and they had no relationship with their levels of emotional exhaustion. The analysis of the qualitative data provides some insights into their judgments and the dependent variables.Research limitations/implicationsOrganizational members’ judgments of culpability are important factors that should be considered in crisis management research, and in research on trust, emotional exhaustion, and organizational identification. A limitation of the study is that it is cross-sectional in nature. Therefore, future research could test the findings in a longitudinal study.Practical implicationsLeaders need to understand the judgments of their followers during an organizational crisis. These judgments have implications for when and how leaders can mobilize their followers and the leadership tasks during crisis containment.Originality/valueExtant research tends to focus on the judgments of external stakeholders during a crisis. This study is one of the first to examine the effects of internal stakeholders’ judgments of culpability for causing a crisis on their trust, emotional exhaustion, and organizational identification. Further, existing empirical studies on followers’ attributions during a crisis tend to be laboratory based. The study provides empirical evidence from individuals in an actual organization in crisis.
Examining the relationship between charismatic leadership and the lower-order factors of LMX
Authors: Salvaggio Trent , Kent Thomas W. 
Published: January 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to test the effects of a followers’ perception of charisma to the followers’ perceived quality of each of the four sub-dimensions of LMX quality, and the moderating effect of communication frequency on such a relationship. The study hopes to assess the relationship of the four sub-factors of LMX to charisma and, thereby, to advance the current understanding of relationship-based views of leadership.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 208 employed adults who are currently residing within the USA completed surveys that assessed charisma, LMX and it’s sub-factors, and communication frequency. The surveys were validated and the relationships between the variables were tested using partial least squares regression.FindingsCharismatic leadership was shown to have significant effects on all the LMX sub-factors suggesting that charisma is not a simple trait possessed by some leaders. Additionally, the data suggests that there is a significant yet different level of effect of communication frequency on all the LMX sub-factors.Research limitations/implicationsImplications of the research findings are discussed; however, there are some shortcomings in the research. As the variables of communication frequency and LMX quality were rated by the same individual, a limitation to this study exists by way of possible same source bias. A further limitation results from the measurement method utilized to determine communication frequency and its dependence upon the ability of the survey respondent to accurately recall this information free from any type of recall bias (Raphael, 1987). Further study needs to be done into the nature of the moderating effects present on the four lower order factors of LMX. If there are intervening factors that influence the quality of the moderating effects, such as role expectation and role congruence, then the authors may be able to gain further insight into the positive and negative nature of these moderating effects.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that charisma is not a simple, one-dimensional factor and also suggests that the authors need to reconceptualize the ideas of charisma. At a minimum, the authors must rethink how to train people to become leaders.Originality/valueThe study advances the understanding of the relationship between charisma and LMX and its composite factors.
Factors influencing word of mouth behaviour in the restaurant industry
Authors: Jalilvand Mohammad Reza , Salimipour Sirous , Elyasi Mehdi , Mohammadi Mehdi 
Published: January 2017

PurposeRestaurants with limited promotion budgets depend mainly on word of mouth (WOM) among customers. WOM seems particularly important to the marketing of services. This is because services are experiential in nature and difficult to assess before purchase. In the restaurants context there is little research on WOM. The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors that may influence tourists’ WOM about restaurants implying on the critical role of relationship quality.Design/methodology/approachA comprehensive literature review is conducted to identify the major factors influencing WOM in the context of restaurant industry. The study utilizes self-administered questionnaire survey and the target population are the customers who have referred to the restaurants of Tehran, Iran. A convenience sampling approach was utilized to collect a sample of 326 customers. A structural equation modeling procedure is applied to the examination of the antecedents of WOM.FindingsThe paper found that food quality, personal interaction quality, physical environment quality, and perceived value influence WOM behavior of customer in an indirect way through relationship quality.Practical implicationsThis research conjectured that an understanding of factors that influence the tourist to talk each other about a given restaurant are worthy of additional research. Consequently, the study helps to understand how these factors can provide alternative sources of marketing to attract the long-term economic sustainability of restaurant industry in Iran.Originality/valueTo the authors’ knowledge, this research will be the first attempt to explore influential factors on WOM in restaurant industry focusing on the critical role of relationship quality. It is expected that researchers will find this research a contribution to the WOM literature, particularly in restaurant industry.
Investigating young customers’ retail purchase embarrassment
Authors: Sarkar Juhi Gahlot , Sarkar Abhigyan 
Published: January 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the inter-relationships between product category embarrassment, consumption contexts, individual’s attachment styles, and their combined effects on individual’s preference toward online and physical store channels while buying embarrassing products.Design/methodology/approachExperimental design was employed by taking a sample of young adult students.FindingsThe results of this study shows that embarrassing product class and social consumption context can potentially elicit embarrassment. Anxiously attached individuals are more prone to be embarrassed compared to the individuals adopting secure and avoidant attachment styles.Originality/valueValue of the paper lies in empirically investigating the complex inter-relationships between product class-specific embarrassment, context specific embarrassment, individual’s attachment styles and buying channel selection.
Environmental consciousness and brand equity
Authors: Misra Siddharth , Panda Rajeev Kumar 
Published: January 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the activities of environmental consciousness from socio-psychographic perspectives and hence evaluates its effect on brand equity through intervening elements of environmental attributes (EAt). It further attempts to research the effect of the environmental performance, environmental communication and environmental positioning in enhancing brand equity. Indian refrigeration industry, particularly the air conditioners and refrigerator brands are chosen to convey and receive the research inputs as their impact on environment is easily interpretable.Design/methodology/approachA hypothesized model comprising the environment consciousness and association dimensions with brand equity is framed. In total, 74 expert respondents from four state capital cities of India participated in the survey and the model has been tested in the scope of analytical hierarchy process (AHP).FindingsThe result shows that the EAt and activities can be prioritized and subsequently efficient resource allocation can be done. It also gives theoretical arguments to legitimize the environmental practices.Practical implicationsOn the other hand, clients have numerous options, and a competitive advantage may not be maintained. Regardless of the fact that clients are environmentally conscious of a given refrigeration brand at the present time that they are utilizing, they may observe that they are much more charmed with a competitors’ enhanced environmental dimensions. All methods that take a try at an enhanced brand equity must be continually determined by environmental consciousness. The above can be accomplished if the evaluations of competitors by the clients are known. The AHP-ECBE technique depicted in this study accordingly helps refrigeration organization to devise and keep up a pertinent, focused plan for persistent improvements in environmental dimensions. It offers a “greater image” in brand equity administration.Originality/valueIf legitimately done in a generalized way, environmental activities like eco-literacy, interpersonal influence and value orientation can impact EAt and contribute in building brand equity.
The changing contribution of top‐down and bottom‐up limitation of mesopredators during 220 years of land use and climate change
Authors: Pasanen‐Mortensen Marianne , Elmhagen Bodil , Lindén Harto , Bergström Roger , Wallgren Märtha , van der Velde Ype , Cousins Sara A.O. 
Published: January 2017

Summary

Apex predators may buffer bottom‐up driven ecosystem change, as top‐down suppression may dampen herbivore and mesopredator responses to increased resource availability. However, theory suggests that for this buffering capacity to be realized, the equilibrium abundance of apex predators must increase. This raises the question: will apex predators maintain herbivore/mesopredator limitation, if bottom‐up change relaxes resource constraints?

Here, we explore changes in mesopredator (red fox Vulpes vulpes) abundance over 220 years in response to eradication and recovery of an apex predator (Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx), and changes in land use and climate which are linked to resource availability.

A three‐step approach was used. First, recent data from Finland and Sweden were modelled to estimate linear effects of lynx density, land use and winter temperature on fox density. Second, lynx density, land use and winter temperature was estimated in a 22 650 km2 focal area in boreal and boreo‐nemoral Sweden in the years 1830, 1920, 2010 and 2050. Third, the models and estimates were used to project historic and future fox densities in the focal area.

Projected fox density was lowest in 1830 when lynx density was high, winters cold and the proportion of cropland low. Fox density peaked in 1920 due to lynx eradication, a mesopredator release boosted by favourable bottom‐up changes – milder winters and cropland expansion. By 2010, lynx recolonization had reduced fox density, but it remained higher than in 1830, partly due to the bottom‐up changes. Comparing 1830 to 2010, the contribution of top‐down limitation decreased, while environment enrichment relaxed bottom‐up limitation. Future scenarios indicated that by 2050, lynx density would have to increase by 79% to compensate for a projected climate‐driven increase in fox density.

We highlight that although top‐down limitation in theory can buffer bottom‐up change, this requires compensatory changes in apex predator abundance. Hence apex predator recolonization/recovery to historical levels would not be sufficient to compensate for widespread changes in climate and land use, which have relaxed the resource constraints for many herbivores and mesopredators. Variation in bottom‐up conditions may also contribute to context dependence in apex predator effects.
Warmer temperatures reduce the influence of an important keystone predator
Authors: Bonaviri Chiara , Graham Michael , Gianguzza Paola , Shears Nick T. 
Published: January 2017

Summary

Predator–prey interactions may be strongly influenced by temperature variations in marine ecosystems. Consequently, climate change may alter the importance of predators with repercussions for ecosystem functioning and structure.

In North‐eastern Pacific kelp forests, the starfish Pycnopodia helianthoides is known to be an important predator of the purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Here we investigated the influence of water temperature on this predator–prey interaction by: (i) assessing the spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of both species across a temperature gradient in the northern Channel Islands, California, and (ii) investigating how the feeding rate of P. helianthoides on S. purpuratus is affected by temperature in laboratory tests.

On average, at sites where mean annual temperatures were <14 °C, P. helianthoides were common, S. purpuratus was rare and kelp was persistent, whereas where mean annual temperatures exceeded 14 °C, P. helianthoides and kelp were rare and S. purpuratus abundant. Temperature was found to be the primary environmental factor influencing P. helianthoides abundance, and in turn P. helianthoides was the primary determinant of S. purpuratus abundance. In the laboratory, temperatures >16 °C (equivalent to summer temperatures at sites where P. helianthoides were rare) reduced predation rates regardless of predator and prey sizes, although larger sea urchins were consumed only by large starfishes.

These results clearly demonstrate that the effect of P. helianthoides on S. purpuratus is strongly mediated by temperature, and that the local abundance and predation rate of P. helianthoides on sea urchins will likely decrease with future warming. A reduction in top‐down control on sea urchins, combined with other expected impacts of climate change on kelp, poses significant risks for the persistence of kelp forests in the future.
Towards a trait‐based ecology of wetland vegetation
Authors: Moor Helen , Rydin Håkan , Hylander Kristoffer , Nilsson Mats B. , Lindborg Regina , Norberg Jon 
Published: January 2017

Summary

Functional traits mechanistically capture plant responses to environmental gradients as well as plant effects on ecosystem functioning. Yet most trait‐based theory stems from terrestrial systems and extension to other habitats can provide new insights.

Wetlands differ from terrestrial systems in conditions (e.g. soil water saturation, anoxia, pH extremes), plant adaptations (e.g. aerenchyma, clonality, ubiquity of bryophytes) and important processes (e.g. denitrification, peat accumulation, methane emission). Wetland plant adaptations and trait (co‐)variation can be situated along major plant trait trade‐off axes (e.g. the resource economics spectrum), but soil saturation represents a complex stress gradient beyond a simple extension of commonly studied water availability gradients.

Traits that affect ecosystem functioning overlap with patterns in terrestrial systems. But wetland‐specific traits that mediate plant effects on soil redox conditions, microbial communities and on water flow, as well as trait spectra of mosses, vary among wetland types.

Synthesis. With increasing availability of quantitative plant traits a trait‐based ecology of wetlands is emerging, with the potential to advance process‐based understanding and prediction. We provide an interactive cause‐and‐effect framework that may guide research efforts to disentangle the multiple interacting processes involved in scaling from environmental conditions to ecosystem functioning via plant communities.
The ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Hebeloma cylindrosporum undergoes early waves of transcriptional reprogramming prior to symbiotic structures differentiation
Authors: Doré Jeanne , Kohler Annegret , Dubost Audrey , Hundley Hope , Singan Vasanth , Peng Yi , Kuo Alan , Grigoriev Igor V. , Martin Francis , Marmeisse Roland , Gay Gilles 
Published: January 2017

SummaryTo clarify the early molecular interaction between ectomycorrhizal partners, we performed a RNA‐Seq study of transcriptome reprogramming of the basidiomycete Hebeloma cylindrosporum before symbiotic structure differentiation with Pinus pinaster. Mycorrhiza transcriptome was studied for comparison. By reference to asymbiotic mycelium, 47 and 46 genes were specifically upregulated over fivefold (p ≤ 0.05) upon rhizosphere colonization and root adhesion respectively. Other 45 were upregulated throughout the symbiotic interaction, from rhizosphere colonization to differentiated mycorrhizas, whereas 274 were specifically upregulated in mycorrhizas. Although exoproteome represents 5.6% of H. cylindrosporum proteome, 38.5% of the genes upregulated upon pre‐infectious root colonization encoded extracellular proteins. The proportion decreased to 23.5% in mycorrhizas. At all studied time points, mycorrhiza‐induced small secreted proteins (MiSSPs), representing potential effectors, were over‐represented among upregulated genes. This was also the case for carbohydrate‐active enzymes (CAZymes). Several CAZymes were upregulated at all studied stages of the interaction. Consistent with a role in fungal morphogenesis and symbiotic interface differentiation, CAZymes over‐expressed before and upon root attachment targeted fungal and both fungal and plant polysaccharides respectively. Different hydrophobins were upregulated upon early root adhesion, in mycorrhizas or throughout interaction. The functional classification of genes upregulated only in mycorrhizas pointed to intense metabolic activity and nutritional exchanges.
Moderately elevated blood pressure during pregnancy and odds of hypertension later in life: the POUCHmoms longitudinal study
Authors: Dunietz GL , Strutz KL , Holzman C , Tian Y , Todem D , Bullen BL , Catov JM 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveHypertensive disorders in pregnancy signal an increased risk of cardiovascular disease for women. However, future hypertension risk among pregnant women with moderately elevated blood pressure (BP) is unknown. We examined associations among moderately elevated BP or hypertensive disorders during pregnancy and later prehypertension or hypertension.DesignLongitudinal cohort study.SettingFive communities in Michigan, USA.SampleData are from pregnant women enrolled in the Pregnancy Outcomes and Community Health Study. We included 667 women with gestational BP measurements who participated in the POUCHmoms Study follow‐up 7–15 years later.MethodsModerately elevated BP was defined as two measures of systolic BP ≥ 120 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥80 mmHg among women without a hypertensive disorder. Weighted multinomial logistic regression models estimated odds of prehypertension or hypertension at follow‐up, adjusted for maternal confounders and time to follow‐up.Main outcome measuresPrehypertension or hypertension.ResultsWomen meeting the moderately elevated BP criteria (64%) had significantly higher odds of hypertension at follow‐up (adjusted odds ratio 2.6; 95% confidence interval 1.2–5.5). These increased odds were observed for moderately elevated BP first identified before or after 20 weeks of gestation, and for elevated systolic BP alone or combined with elevated diastolic BP.ConclusionsModerately elevated BP in pregnancy may be a risk factor for future hypertension. Pregnancy offers an opportunity to identify women at risk for hypertension who may not have been identified otherwise.Tweetable abstractModerately elevated blood pressure in pregnancy may be associated with hypertension later in life.
Gene expression profiles of the Southern house mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus during exposure to permethrin
Authors: Reid William R. , Zhang Lee , Gong Youhui , Li Ting , Liu Nannan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractInsecticide resistance is a major obstacle to the management of disease‐vectoring mosquitoes worldwide. The genetic changes and detoxification genes involved in insecticide resistance have been extensively studied in populations of insecticide‐resistant mosquitoes, however few studies have focused on the resistance genes upregulated upon insecticide exposure and the possible regulation pathways involved in insecticide resistance. To characterize the changes in gene expression during insecticide exposure, and to investigate the possible connection of known regulation pathways with insecticide resistance, we conducted RNA‐Seq analysis of a highly permethrin‐resistant strain of Culex quinquefasciatus following permethrin exposure. Gene expression profiles revealed a total of 224 upregulated and 146 downregulated genes when compared to a blank acetone carrier treated control, respectively, suggesting that there were multiple, but specific genes involved in permethrin resistance. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the upregulated genes contained multiple detoxification genes including a glutathione S‐transferase and multiple cytochrome P450 genes, as well as several immune‐related genes, while the downregulated genes consisted primarily of proteases and carbohydrate metabolism and transport. Further analysis showed that permethrin exposure resulted in a decrease in the expression of serum storage proteins and likely represented a delay in the development of the fourth instar possibly due to a decrease in feeding. This effect was more pronounced in an insecticide‐resistant strain than in an insecticide‐susceptible strain and may represent a behavioral mechanism of insecticide resistance in Culex mosquitoes.