bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reverse surface-polariton cherenkov radiation
Authors: Tao Jin , Wang Qi Jie , Zhang Jingjing , Luo Yu 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe existence of reverse Cherenkov radiation for surface plasmons is demonstrated analytically. It is shown that in a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide, surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) excited by an electron moving at a speed higher than the phase velocity of SPPs can generate Cherenkov radiation, which can be switched from forward to reverse direction by tuning the core thickness of the waveguide. Calculations are performed in both frequency and time domains, demonstrating that a radiation pattern with a backward-pointing radiation cone can be achieved at small waveguide core widths, with energy flow opposite to the wave vector of SPPs. Our study suggests the feasibility of generating and steering electron radiation in simple plasmonic systems, opening the gate for various applications such as velocity-selective particle detections.
Treatment with an orally bioavailable prodrug of 17β-estradiol alleviates hot flushes without hormonal effects in the periphery
Authors: Merchenthaler Istvan , Lane Malcolm , Sabnis Gauri , Brodie Angela , Nguyen Vien , Prokai Laszlo , Prokai-Tatrai Katalin 
Published: August 2016

AbstractEstrogen deprivation has a profound effect on the female brain. One of the most obvious examples of this condition is hot flushes. Although estrogens relieve these typical climacteric symptoms, many women do not want to take them owing to unwanted side-effects impacting, for example, the uterus, breast and blood. Therefore, there is a need for developing safer estrogen therapies. We show here that treatment with 10β,17β-dihydroxyestra-1,4-dien-3-one (DHED), a novel brain-targeting bioprecursor prodrug of the main human estrogen, 17β-estradiol, alleviates hot flushes in rat models of thermoregulatory dysfunction of the brain. Oral administration of DHED elicits a significant reduction of tail skin temperature (TST) rise representing hot flushes in the morphine-dependent ovariectomized rat model and results in the restoration of estrogen deprivation-induced loss of diurnal rhythm in TST. These beneficial effects occur without detrimental peripheral hormonal exposure; thus, the treatment avoids potentially harmful stimulation of estrogen-sensitive peripheral organs, including the uterus and the anterior pituitary, or the proliferation of MCF-7a breast cancer cell xenografts. Our promising preclinical assessments warrant further considerations of DHED for the development of a brain-selective 17β-estradiol therapy to relieve hot flushes without undesirable peripheral side-effects.
Preparation and Catalytic Activity for Aerobic Glucose Oxidation of Crown Jewel Structured Pt/Au Bimetallic Nanoclusters
Authors: Zhang Haijun , Wang Liqiong , Lu Lilin , Toshima Naoki 
Published: August 2016

AbstractUnderstanding of the “structure-activity” relations for catalysts at an atomic level has been regarded as one of the most important objectives in catalysis studies. Bimetallic nanoclusters (NCs) in its many types, such as core/shell, random alloy, cluster-in-cluster, bi-hemisphere and crown jewel (one kind of atom locating at the top position of another kind of NC), attract significant attention owing to their excellent optical, electronic and catalytic properties. PVP-protected crown jewel-structured Pt/Au (CJ-Pt/Au) bimetallic nanoclusters (BNCs) with Au atoms located at active top sites were synthesized via a replacement reaction using 1.4-nm Pt NCs as mother clusters even considering the fact that the replacement reaction between Pt and Au3+ions is difficult to be occurred. The prepared CJ-Pt/Au colloidal catalysts characterized by UV-Vis, TEM, HR-TEM and HAADF-STEM-EELS showed a high catalytic activity for aerobic glucose oxidation and the top Au atoms decorating the Pt NCs were about 15 times more active than the Au atoms of Au NCs with similar particle size.
Msh2 deficiency leads to dysmyelination of the corpus callosum, impaired locomotion and altered sensory function in mice
Authors: Diouf Barthelemy , Devaraju Prakash , Janke Laura J. , Fan Yiping , Frase Sharon , Eddins Donnie , Peters Jennifer L. , Kim Jieun , Pei Deqing , Cheng Cheng , Zakharenko Stanislav S. , Evans William E. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA feature in patients with constitutional DNA-mismatch repair deficiency is agenesis of the corpus callosum, the cause of which has not been established. Here we report a previously unrecognized consequence of deficiency in MSH2, a protein known primarily for its function in correcting nucleotide mismatches or insertions and deletions in duplex DNA caused by errors in DNA replication or recombination. We documented that Msh2 deficiency causes dysmyelination of the axonal projections in the corpus callosum. Evoked action potentials in the myelinated corpus callosum projections of Msh2-null mice were smaller than wild-type mice, whereas unmyelinated axons showed no difference. Msh2-null mice were also impaired in locomotive activity and had an abnormal response to heat. These findings reveal a novel pathogenic consequence of MSH2 deficiency, providing a new mechanistic hint to previously recognized neurological disorders in patients with inherited DNA-mismatch repair deficiency.
A Catalogue of Altered Salivary Proteins Secondary to Invasive Ductal Carcinoma: A Novel In Vivo Paradigm to Assess Breast Cancer Progression
Authors: Streckfus Charles F. , Bigler Lenora 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe objective of this manuscript is to introduce a catalogue of salivary proteins that are altered secondary to carcinoma of the breast. The catalogue of salivary proteins is a compilation of twenty years of research by the authors and consists of 233 high and low abundant proteins which have been identified by LC-MS/MS mass spectrometry, 2D-gel analysis and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The body of research suggests that saliva is a fluid suffused with solubilized by-products of oncogenic expression and that these proteins may be useful in the study of breast cancer progress, treatment efficacy and the tailoring of individualized patient care.
Sub-Millisecond Response Time in a Photorefractive Composite Operating under CW Conditions
Authors: Moon Jong-Sik , Stevens Tyler E. , Monson Todd C. , Huber Dale L. , Jin Sung-Ho , Oh Jin-Woo , Winiarz Jeffrey G. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractExtensive study of photorefractive polymeric composites photosensitized with semiconductor nanocrystals has yielded data indicating that the inclusion of such nanocrystals enhances the charge-carrier mobility, and subsequently leads to a reduction in the photorefractive response time. Unfortunately, the included nanocrystals may also act as a source of deep traps, resulting in diminished diffraction efficiencies as well as reduced two beam coupling gain coefficients. Nonetheless, previous studies indicate that this problem is mitigated through the inclusion of semiconductor nanocrystals possessing a relatively narrow band-gap. Here, we fully exploit this property by doping PbS nanocrystals into a newly formulated photorefractive composite based on molecular triphenyldiamine photosensitized with C60. Through this approach, response times of 399 μs are observed, opening the door for video and other high-speed applications. It is further demonstrated that this improvement in response time occurs with little sacrifice in photorefractive efficiency, with internal diffraction efficiencies of 72% and two-beam-coupling gain coefficients of 500 cm−1 being measured. A thorough analysis of the experimental data is presented, supporting the hypothesized mechanism of enhanced charge mobility without the accompaniment of superfluous traps. It is anticipated that this approach can play a significant role in the eventual commercialization of this class of materials.
MicroRNA-16 is putatively involved in the NF-κB pathway regulation in ulcerative colitis through adenosine A2a receptor (A2aAR) mRNA targeting
Authors: Tian Ting , Zhou Yu , Feng Xiao , Ye Shicai , Wang Hao , Wu Weiyun , Tan Wenkai , Yu Caiyuan , Hu Juxiang , Zheng Rong , Chen Zonghao , Pei Xinyu , Luo Hesheng 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) act as important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression by targeting the 3′-untranslated region of their target genes. Altered expression of miR-16 is reported in human ulcerative colitis (UC), but its role in the development of the disease remains unclear. Adenosine through adenosine A2a receptor (A2aAR) could inhibit nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathway in inflammation. Here we identified overexpression of miR-16 and down-regulation of A2aAR in the colonic mucosa of active UC patients. We demonstrated that miR-16 negatively regulated the expression of the A2aAR at the post-transcriptional level. Furthermore, transfection of miR-16 mimics promoted nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 protein and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IFN-γ and IL-8 in colonic epithelial cells. Treatment with miR-16 inhibitor could reverse these effects in cells. The A2aAR-mediated effects of miR-16 on the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway were confirmed by the A2aAR knockdown assay. Our results suggest that miR-16 regulated the immune and inflammatory responses, at least in part, by suppressing the expression of the A2aAR to control the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
Extracorporeal delivery of a therapeutic enzyme
Authors: Zhang Chun , Pu Jun , Yang Xiaolan , Feng Tao , Liu Fang , Wang Deqiang , Hu Xiaolei , Gao Ang , Liu Hongbo , Zhan Chang-Guo , Liao Fei 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTo remove circulating harmful small biochemical(s)/substrates causing/deteriorating certain chronic disease, therapeutic enzyme(s) delivered via vein injection/infusion suffer(s) from immunoresponse after repeated administration at proper intervals for a long time and short half-lives since delivery. Accordingly, a novel, generally-applicable extracorporeal delivery of a therapeutic enzyme is proposed, by refitting a conventional hemodialysis device bearing a dialyzer, two pumps and connecting tubes, to build a routine extracorporeal blood circuit but a minimal dialysate circuit closed to circulate the therapeutic enzyme in dialysate. A special quantitative index was derived to reflect pharmacological action and thus pharmacodynamics of the delivered enzyme. With hyperuricemic blood in vitro and hyperuricemic geese, a native uricase via extracorporeal delivery was active in the dialysate for periods much longer than that in vivo through vein injection and exhibited the expected pharmacodynamics to remove uric acid in hyperuricemic blood in vitro and multiple forms of uric acid in hyperuricemic geese. Therefore, the extracorporeal delivery approach of therapeutic enzymes was effective to remove unwanted circulating small biochemical(s)/substrates and was expected to avoid immunogenicity problems of therapeutic enzymes after repeated administration at proper intervals for a long time due to no contacts with macromolecules and cells in the body.
What is the mechanism of formation of hydroxyaluminosilicates?
Authors: Beardmore James , Lopez Xabier , Mujika Jon I. , Exley Christopher 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe formation of hydroxyaluminosilicates is integral to the biogeochemical cycles of aluminium and silicon. The unique inorganic chemistry which underlies their formation explains the non-essentiality in biota of both of these elements. However, the first steps in the formation of hydroxyaluminosilicates were hitherto only theoretical and plausibly only accessible in silico. Herein we have used computational chemistry to identify and define for the first time these unique and ultimately critically important reaction steps. We have used density-functional theory combined with solvent continuum models to confirm first, the nature of the reactants, an aluminium hydroxide dimer and silicic acid, second, the reaction products, two distinct hydroxyaluminosilicates A and B and finally, how these are the precursors to highly insoluble hydroxyaluminosilicates the role of which has been and continues to be to keep inimical aluminium out of biota.
Discovery of a new function of curcumin which enhances its anticancer therapeutic potency
Authors: Nagahama Koji , Utsumi Tomoya , Kumano Takayuki , Maekawa Saeko , Oyama Naho , Kawakami Junji 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCurcumin has received immense attention over the past decades because of its diverse biological activities and recognized as a promising drug candidate in a large number of diseases. However, its clinical application has been hindered due to extremely low aqueous solubility, chemical stability and cellular uptake. In this study, we discovered quite a new function of curcumin, i.e. pH-responsive endosomal disrupting activity, derived from curcumin’s self-assembly. We selected anticancer activity as an example of biological activities of curcumin and investigated the contribution of pH-responsive property to its anticancer activity. As a result, we demonstrated that the pH-responsive property significantly enhances the anticancer activity of curcumin. Furthermore, we demonstrated a utility of the pH-responsive property of curcumin as delivery nanocarriers for doxorubicin toward combination cancer therapy. These results clearly indicate that the smart curcumin assemblies act as promising nanoplatform for development of curcumin-based therapeutics.
Multi-color magnetic particle imaging for cardiovascular interventions
Authors: Haegele Julian , Vaalma Sarah , Panagiotopoulos Nikolaos , Barkhausen Jörg , Vogt Florian M , Borgert Jörn , Rahmer Jürgen 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) uses magnetic fields to visualize the spatial distribution of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs). Guidance of cardiovascular interventions is seen as one possible application of MPI. To safely guide interventions, the vessel lumen as well as all required interventional devices have to be visualized and be discernible from each other. Until now, different tracer concentrations were used for discerning devices from blood in MPI, because only one type of SPIO could be imaged at a time. Recently, it was shown for 3D MPI that it is possible to separate different signal sources in one volume of interest, i.e. to visualize and discern different SPIOs or different binding states of the same SPIO. The approach was termed multi-color MPI. In this work, the use of multi-color MPI for differentiation of a SPIO coated guide wire (Terumo Radifocus 0.035″) from the lumen of a vessel phantom filled with diluted Resovist is demonstrated. This is achieved by recording dedicated system functions of the coating material containing solid Resovist and of liquid Resovist, which allows separation of their respective signal in the image reconstruction process. Assigning a color to the different signal sources results in a differentiation of guide wire and vessel phantom lumen into colored images.
Executive Summary: Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Aspergillosis: 2016 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America
Authors: Patterson Thomas F. , Thompson George R. , Denning David W. , Fishman Jay A. , Hadley Susan , Herbrecht Raoul , Kontoyiannis Dimitrios P. , Marr Kieren A. , Morrison Vicki A. , Nguyen M. Hong , Segal Brahm H. , Steinbach William J. , Stevens David A. , Walsh Thomas J. , Wingard John R. , Young Jo-Anne H. , Bennett John E. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
It is important to realize that guidelines cannot always account for individual variation among patients. They are not intended to supplant physician judgment with respect to particular patients or special clinical situations. IDSA considers adherence to these guidelines to be voluntary, with the ultimate determination regarding their application to be made by the physician in the light of each patient's individual circumstances.
Deep Learning-based Pipeline to Recognize Alzheimer’s Disease using fMRI Data
Authors: Sarraf Saman , Tofighi Ghassem 
Published: August 2016

AbstractOver the past decade, machine learning techniques and in particular predictive modeling and pattern recognition in biomedical sciences, from drug delivery systems to medical imaging, have become one of the most important methods of assisting researchers in gaining a deeper understanding of issues in their entirety and solving complex medical problems. Deep learning is a powerful machine learning algorithm in classification that extracts low- to high-level features. In this paper, we employ a convolutional neural network to distinguish an Alzheimers brain from a normal, healthy brain. The importance of classifying this type of medical data lies in its potential to develop a predictive model or system in order to recognize the symptoms of Alzheimers disease when compared with normal subjects and to estimate the stages of the disease. Classification of clinical data for medical conditions such as Alzheimers disease has always been challenging, and the most problematic aspect has always been selecting the strongest discriminative features. Using the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and the famous architecture LeNet-5, we successfully classified functional MRI data of Alzheimers subjects from normal controls, where the accuracy of testing data reached 96.85%. This experiment suggests that the shift and scale invariant features extracted by CNN followed by deep learning classification represents the most powerful method of distinguishing clinical data from healthy data in fMRI. This approach also allows for expansion of the methodology to predict more complicated systems.
Perception Enhancement Using Visual Attributes in Sequence Motif Visualization
Authors: Weiying Kok , Bee Oon Yin , Kion Lee Nung 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSequence logo is a well-accepted scientific method to visualize the conservation characteristics of biological sequence motifs. Previous studies found that using sequence logo graphical representation for scientific evidence reports or arguments could seriously cause biases and misinterpretation by users. This study investigates on the visual attributes performance of a sequence logo in helping users to perceive and interpret the information based on preattentive theories and Gestalt principles of perception. A survey was conducted to gather users’ opinion after being presented with several alternative design details to perform selected tasks on motif analysis. Analysis of results showed that there are improvements needed on the use of colour, negative space, size, and arrangement of the nucleotides, richness of information and interactivity aspect in a sequence logo visualization. These improvements can alleviate biases and misinterpretation of the results in sequence logo visualization.
Host-selected mutations converging on a global regulator drive an adaptive leap by bacteria to symbiosis
Authors: Pankey M. Sabrina , Foxall Randi L. , Ster Ian M. , Perry Lauren A. , Schuster Brian M. , Donner Rachel A. , Coyle Matthew , Cooper Vaughn S. , Whistler Cheryl A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractEven though eukaryote health relies on beneficial symbionts, host defenses targeting pathogens create substantial obstacles for the establishment of these essential partnerships. To reveal mechanisms of symbiotic adaptation, we experimentally evolved ecologically distinct bioluminescentVibrio fischerithroughEuprymna scolopessquid light organs. Serial passaging ofV. fischeripopulations through squid hosts produced eight distinct mutations in thebinKsensor kinase gene that conferred an exceptional selective advantage demonstrated through both empirical and theoretical analysis. Squid-adaptivebinKalleles promoted colonization and immune evasion behavior which was mediated by symbiotic polysaccharide (Syp).binKvariation also produced metabolic convergence with native symbionts, and altered quorum sensing and luminescence. Preexisting coordination of symbiosis traits facilitated an efficient solution where altered function of a regulator was the key to unlock multiple colonization barriers. These results identify a genetic basis for microbial adaptability and underscore the importance of hosts as selective agents that shape emergent symbiont populations.Impact statementSquid selection on non-nativeVibrio fischeridrove rapid adaptation through convergent mutations of large effect, unmasking preexisting coordinate regulation of symbiosis.Major subject areas, keywords, and research organism(s)Major subject area: Genomics and evolutionary biology
Heat transfer and friction factor in a dimple-pin fin wedge duct with various dimple depth and converging angle
Authors: Luo Lei , Wang Chenglong , Wang Lei , Sunden Bengt Ake , Wang Songtao 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
– The dimple is adopted into a pin fin wedge duct which is widely used in modern gas turbine vane cooling structure trailing edge region. The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of dimple depth and duct converging angle on the endwall heat transfer and friction factor in this pin fin wedge duct.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study is carried out by using the numerical simulations. The diameter of dimples is the same as the pin fin diameter with an inline manner arrangement in relation to the pin fin. The ratio between dimple depth and dimple diameter is varied from 0 to 0.3 and the converging angle is ranging from 0° to 12.7°. The Reynolds number is between 10,000 and 50,000. Results of the endwall Nusselt number, friction factor, and flow structures are included. For convenience of comparison, the pin fin wedge duct with a converging angle of 12.7° without dimples is considered as the baseline.

Findings
– It is found that the dimples can effectively enhance the endwall heat transfer due to the impingement on the dimple surface, reattachment downstream the dimple and recirculation in front of the pin fin leading edge. By increasing the converging angle, the heat transfer is also increased but with a large friction factor penalty. In addition, the heat transfer enhancement for deep depth cases is 1.57 times higher than that of the low depth case. The thermal performance indicates that the intensity of heat transfer enhancement depends upon the dimple depth and converging angle.

Originality/value
– It suggests that the endwall heat transfer in a pin fin wedge duct can be increase by the adoption of dimples. The optimal dimple relative depth is 0.2 with low friction factor and high heat transfer performance.