bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gis-Based Determination of Landslide Properties in Regional Scale: Karabuk Province (NW Turkey)
Authors: Duruturk Berk , Demir Nermin , Koseoglu Irmak , Onal Ugur Berkay , Ercanoglu Murat 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Natural hazards and their consequences are of great importance throughout the world. In Turkey, landslides constitute approximately 5% of the overall damage. The most important part of any landslide study is to extract landslide properties and database. In this study, Karabük city was selected as a study area which is known as one of the most landslide prone areas in Turkey. The study area contains the official borders of Karabük province. The area surrounded by the coordinates of 4518148N-4603891N and 424593E-512511E which has an areal extent of 4067 km square. The data of 1663 occurred landslides in Karabük, were digitized from 1/500.000 scale Turkey Landslide Inventory Map by considering the scarps with point vector format. Considering the literature, parameters of lithology, slope, topographical elevation, NDVI and aspect, which were frequently used among the researchers in landslide assessments, were produced and analyzed a GIS (Geographical Information System) platform. In order to perform analyses, the study area was divided into 62 watersheds. Then, lithology, slope, aspect, topographical elevation and NVDI characteristics of the region were automatically extracted by considering the landslide locations. In this type of study, GIS provides many advantages. For the next stages of landslide assessments such as susceptibility, hazard and risk, this stage provides important inputs and can be considered as the most important stage.
Strain measuring accuracy with splitting-beam laser extensometer technique at split Hopkinson compression bar experiment
Authors: Panowicz R. , Janiszewski J. , Traczyk M. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
An accuracy problem of strain measurement at compression split Hopkinson compression bar experiments with a splitting-beam laser extensometer was considered. The splitting-beam laser extensometer technique was developed by Nie et al. to measure strain of a specimen during its tension under a high strain rate loading condition. This novel concept was an inspiration for the authors to develop own laser extensometer system, which allows for simultaneous and independent measurement of displacement of bar ends between which a compressed material specimen is placed. In order to assess a metrological property of this measuring system, a wide range of high strain rate experiments were performed, including tests with various sample materials (Al 5251, Cu OFE) with different rate of strain, and with the use of two bars material. A high accuracy of the developed laser extensometer was found in measurement of specimen strain, for which uncertainty is not greater than 0.1% and, for a typical specimen dimension, the maximum permissible error is 4.5 μm.
Recognition of rotor damages in a DC motor using acoustic signals
Authors: Głowacz A. , Głowacz Z. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDiagnosis of electrical direct current motors is essential for industrial plants. The emphasis is put on the development of diagnostic methods of solutions for capturing, processing and recognition of diagnostic signals. This paper presents a technique of early fault diagnosis of a DC motor. The proposed approach is based on acoustic signals. A real-world data of the DC motor were used in the analysis. The work provides an original feature extraction method called the shortened method of frequencies selection (SMoFS-15). The obtained results of the presented analysis show that the early fault diagnostic method can be used for monitoring electrical DC motors. The proposed method can also support other fault diagnosis methods based on thermal, current, and vibration signals.
Stable scheduling of single machine with probabilistic parameters
Authors: Bożejko W. , Rajba P. , Wodecki M. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
We consider a stochastic variant of the single machine total weighted tardiness problem jobs parameters are independent random variables with normal or Erlang distributions. Since even deterministic problem is NP-hard, it is difficult to find global optimum for large instances in the reasonable run time. Therefore, we propose tabu search metaheuristics in this work. Computational experiments show that solutions obtained by the stochastic version of metaheuristics are more stable (i.e. resistant to data disturbance) than solutions generated by classic, deterministic version of the algorithm.
Virtual habit as episode-builder in the inferencing process
Authors: West Donna E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractC. S. Peirce’s concept of virtual habit, especially articulated in his later manuscripts, renovates his earlier notion of how explanatory rationality operates to form sound inferences, reinforcing his commitment to a genuinely pragmaticistic worldview. Virtual habit represents Peirce’s clearest directive of how to guess right. Pictures in the mind (unbidden/constructed) promote new modes of consciousness that, in turn, impel the kind of inferences which surface in recommendations for courses of action – Peirce’s most influential kind of abduction (1909: MS 637). Virtual habits transcend subjective perspectives about which factors contribute to outcomes as well as incorporate which who, where, and when controls the ultimate consequence. Virtual habits serve as windows illustrating how imaged events preempt the adoption of new belief structures/action plans that afford the more plausible recourses to resolve anomalous consequences. Virtual habits propose imminent action plans (
Empirical Likelihood in Nonignorable Covariate-Missing Data Problems
Authors: Xie Yanmei , Zhang Biao 
Published: April 2017

Abstract:Missing covariate data occurs often in regression analysis, which frequently arises in the health and social sciences as well as in survey sampling. We study methods for the analysis of a nonignorable covariate-missing data problem in an assumed conditional mean function when some covariates are completely observed but other covariates are missing for some subjects. We adopt the semiparametric perspective of Bartlett et al. (Improving upon the efficiency of complete case analysis when covariates are MNAR. Biostatistics 2014;15:719–30) on regression analyses with nonignorable missing covariates, in which they have introduced the use of two working models, the working probability model of missingness and the working conditional score model. In this paper, we study an empirical likelihood approach to nonignorable covariate-missing data problems with the objective of effectively utilizing the two working models in the analysis of covariate-missing data. We propose a unified approach to constructing a system of unbiased estimating equations, where there are more equations than unknown parameters of interest. One useful feature of these unbiased estimating equations is that they naturally incorporate the incomplete data into the data analysis, making it possible to seek efficient estimation of the parameter of interest even when the working regression function is not specified to be the optimal regression function. We apply the general methodology of empirical likelihood to optimally combine these unbiased estimating equations. We propose three maximum empirical likelihood estimators of the underlying regression parameters and compare their efficiencies with other existing competitors. We present a simulation study to compare the finite-sample performance of various methods with respect to bias, efficiency, and robustness to model misspecification. The proposed empirical likelihood method is also illustrated by an analysis of a data set from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
Mouse duodenum as a model of inflammation induced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88
Authors: Wang Kai , Qi Yu , Yi Shushuai , Pei Zhihua , Pan Na , Hu Guixue 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the experiment was to establish the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 (ETEC K88)-induced BALB/c mouse duodenum inflammation model. Material and Methods: Mice were administered different concentrations of E. coli K88 (1.0 × 107-109 CFU/mL) for 3 d by means of an esophageal catheter. Results: The results showed that the treated group expressed several significant clinical symptoms, such as reduced dietary demands and weight loss, an increased presence of IL-1α, TNF-α, and MPO in the peripheral blood, and some pathological changes in the duodenum. On the 6th-8th days, the body weight of the mice was the lowest. On the 8th day, there were significant differences in IL-1α, TNF-α, and MPO levels compared to the control group (P < 0.05), the gap between the duodenum mucous layer and the muscular layer had widened, the number of goblet cells was increased, and the inflammatory infiltrate and inflammation changes in the lamina propria and the mucous layer were the most obvious. Conclusion: The duodenum inflammation was the most severe on day 8; thus, the model was successfully established. In addition, varying concentrations of ETEC K88 did not significantly influence the duodenum inflammation (P > 0.05).
Investigation of human papillomaviruses (HPV), mouse mammary tumour virus (MMTV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), and human polyomavirus entities in canine mammary tumours
Authors: Sonmez Kivilcim , Altan Eda , Yildirim Funda , Arun Seçkin Serdar , Turan Nuri , Yilmaz Huseyin , Kuskucu Mert Ahmet 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the study was to investigate the presence of human papillomaviruses (HPV), mouse mammary tumour virus (MMTV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and human polyomavirus BK in canine mammary tumours (CMTs) and to correlate the results of histopathological classification with the results of virological examination. Material and Methods: Eighty CMTs and ten normal canine mammary gland samples were evaluated using histopathological methods and TaqMan real-time PCR analysis. Results: The results indicated that all mammary tumours and normal mammary tissue samples were negative for HPV16 and other HPV, EBV, human polyomavirus, and human mammary tumour virus strains. Conclusion: Further studies should be performed to investigate the existence of other strains of HPV, EBV, and human polyomavirus in CMTs.
Comparison of laparoscopic and traditional abomasal cannulation in sheep
Authors: Zhang Shixia , Hao Manliang , Ma Yuzhong 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Introduction: The objective of this study was to describe a laparoscopic abomasal cannulation (LAC) technique, and compare the extent of the surgical trauma after LAC and open abomasal cannulation (OAC) by examining postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores and serum values of interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α in sheep. Material and Methods: Twelve healthy ewes, weighing 38-43 kg, were used. Three-portal laparoscopic techniques were used for LAC procedures. OAC was performed by a right flank laparotomy. Results: Abomasal cannulation was accomplished in all sheep without major intraoperative and postoperative complications. The abomasal contents were collected easily in both groups. Comparative studies found that open procedures exhibit a more pronounced short-term increase in cytokines and significantly higher VAS pain scores than the corresponding laparoscopic procedures. Conclusion: The laparoscopic technique proved to be less traumatic than the conventional open technique.
Use of Water-Fuel Mixture in Diesel Engines at Fishing Vessels
Authors: Klyus Oleg , Bezyukov O. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The paper presents the laboratory test results determining physical parameters of fuel mixture made up of petroleum diesel oil, rapeseed oil methyl esters (up to 20%) and water (up to 2.5%). The obtained parameters prove that adding bio-components (rapeseed oil methyl esters) and water to fuel does not result in deterioration of their physical and chemical properties and are comparable to base fuel parameters, namely petroleum diesel oil. The mixture was a subject of bench testing with the use of a self-ignition engine by means of pre-catalytic fuel treatment. The treatment process consisted in fuel - catalytically active material direct contact on the atomizer body. At the comparable operational parameters for the engine, the obtained exhaust gases opacity was lower up to 60% due to the preliminary fuel mixture treatment in relation to the factory-made fuel injection system using petroleum diesel oil.
Findings from measurements of noise levels in indoor and outdoor environments in an expanding urban area: a case of Tirana
Authors: Laze Kuenda 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe increasing human population and the increasing number of vehicles in Tirana, Albania, emerges the need for extensive measurements of noise levels. The 831 measurements of noise levels were taken in Tirana in November 2015 for education purposes. Measurements were collected in eight locations in indoor like a classroom in a school building environment, a library and a healthcare facility and in outdoor environments like five crossroads. Noise levels were then compared with domestic and World Health Organization (WHO) standards. The logarithmic average of noise levels and the maximum value of noise level measured for the period of measurement (LAFmax) were interpolated using Interpolated Noise Levels for Observer Points in ArcGIS producing noise level maps for crossroads. The logarithmic average of noise levels and LAFmax measurements were respectively above domestic and WHO standards in 96% and 100% of outdoor environment and indoor environment locations. Interpolated values of logarithmic average of noise levels and LAFmax for five crossroads were above domestic and WHO standards indicating noise levels in road traffic could remain high. A yearly acoustic measurement for vehicles should be implemented. Participatory measurements of noise levels in quite indoor environments can be used to increase the awareness of inhabitants in Tirana.
Chromatographic Techniques for Rare Earth Elements Analysis
Authors: Chen Beibei , He Man , Zhang Huashan , Jiang Zucheng , Hu Bin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe present capability of rare earth element (REE) analysis has been achieved by the development of two instrumental techniques. The efficiency of spectroscopic methods was extraordinarily improved for the detection and determination of REE traces in various materials. On the other hand, the determination of REEs very often depends on the preconcentration and separation of REEs, and chromatographic techniques are very powerful tools for the separation of REEs. By coupling with sensitive detectors, many ambitious analytical tasks can be fulfilled.Liquid chromatography is the most widely used technique. Different combinations of stationary phases and mobile phases could be used in ion exchange chromatography, ion chromatography, ion-pair reverse-phase chromatography and some other techniques. The application of gas chromatography is limited because only volatile compounds of REEs can be separated. Thin-layer and paper chromatography are techniques that cannot be directly coupled with suitable detectors, which limit their applications. For special demands, separations can be performed by capillary electrophoresis, which has very high separation efficiency.
Der Deutsche Orden und die Seelsorge in Südtirol im 13. Jahrhundert
Authors: Filotico Francesco 
Published: April 2017

Riassunto
La presenza dell’Ordine Teutonico nel Sudtirolo si caratterizza, fin dai suoi esordi (1202), per l’attivita pastorale e ospedaliera svolta dai suoi membri nella regione. Sia per il cospicuo numero di chiese e cappelle precocemente acquisite dall’Ordine, sia per la notevole presenza di fratelli sacerdoti, il baliato di Bolzano e stato a buon diritto definito Pfaffenballei. Nel contributo, si e cercato di ricostruire, sulla base di fonti edite e inedite, la cura animarum presso le pievi donate ai Teutonici durante il secolo XIII (Longomoso/Lengmoos, Vipiteno/Sterzing, Silandro/Schlanders, S. Leonardo di Passiria/St. Leonhard in Passeier, Vanga/Wangen). L’inserimento dell’Ordine nella rete parrocchiale delle diocesi di Trento, Bressanone e Coira avrebbe potuto causare attriti con i vescovi; tuttavia, in quell’aspra contrapposizione fra ordinari diocesani e poteri locali che contraddistingue la storia del Sudtirolo nel secolo XIII e oltre, i Teutonici non furono pregiudizialmente avversati dai vescovi, come ritiene una ben rappresentata tradizione storiografica, bensi di volta in volta sostenuti o contrastati da essi a seconda delle convenienze del momento.
Der Friedens- und Handelsvertrag von 1290 zwischen der Kommune Genua und dem Sultan Qalāwūn von Ägpyten
Authors: Schilling Alexander M. 
Published: April 2017

Riassunto
L’articolo offre una nuova valutazione del trattato di pace tra il sultano mamelucco Qalāwūn e la Comune di Genova, stipulato nel 1290, la cui versione latina viene qui tradotta per la prima volta in una lingua moderna. Sulla base della testimonianza storiografica araba si sostiene che ci furono due procedure legali: la prima, che va datata al 4 maggio 1290, attesta il rinnovo dello status quo ante legale dopo l’attacco di una nave egiziana da parte dell’ammiraglio genovese Benedetto Zaccaria in seguito alla caduta di Tripoli nel 1289, mentre la ratifica della pax et conventio tra l’ambasciatore genovese Alberto Spinola e Ḥusām ad-Dīn, rappresentante del sultano, ebbe luogo sabato, 13 maggio; una conferma del giuramento da parte di Alberto Spinola, alla presenza del patriarca melchita di Alessandria, avvenne domenica, 14 maggio. Nel frattempo, dopo aver negoziato un trattato con un’ambasciata di Venezia, Qalāwūn doveva aver preso la decisione di stipulare una convenzione di pace anche con i genovesi.
Das Heilige Offizium und die Nuntiatur in Wien
Authors: Becker Rotraud 
Published: April 2017

Riassunto
Alla nunziatura presso la corte imperiale a Vienna arrivavano negli anni Venti e Trenta del XVII secolo qualche volta delle notizie o istruzioni da parte della Congregazione dell’Inquisizione, trasmesse dalle missive settimanali della Segreteria di Stato romana. Esisteva però anche un carteggio diretto, di cui si conservano dei resti nell’archivio della Congregazione per la Dottrina della Fede (ACDF). Emerge che l’attribuzione di particolari facoltà di missione coninvolgeva la nunziatura nelle attività per la ricattolicizzazione dei territori asburgici più di quanto risulti dai rapporti raccolti nelle edizioni dei „Nuntiaturberichte aus Deutschland“. Si osserva che il conferimento indiretto di tali facoltà attraverso la nunziatura suscitava forti dissapori tra il clero in loco. Si nota inoltre che il campo d’attività dell’Sant’Uffizio si estendeva in alcuni casi particolari a settori che non ci si sarebbe aspettati. La consultazione di queste fonti contribuisce dunque a ottenere, rispetto al passato, un quadro più realistico delle mansioni e delle attività quotidiana nelle nunziature apostoliche dell’età moderna.
Vorstellungsbilder und Regierungshandeln in der „zweiten Stadt des Kaiserreichs“
Authors: Lucrezio Monticelli Chiara 
Published: April 2017

Riassunto
L’articolo intende rileggere la conquista napoleonica di Roma nel 1809 in più stretto rapporto con il coevo processo di definizione di spazialità imperiali e identità nazionali in Europa (in particolare nel versante mediterraneo e italiano) all’inizio del lungo XIX secolo. Roma fu al tempo stesso simbolo dell’Empire-building napoleonico - a partire dalla proclamazione di „seconda città dell’Impero“ - e terreno di sperimentazione delle forme di imperialismo generate dalla „missione civilizzatrice“ francese. Il contrasto tra le pratiche „coloniali“ di governo urbano e l’uso politico dell’idea imperiale di Roma antica produsse effetti significativi nel campo dell’amministrazione e della rappresentazione della città. Attraverso le fonti delle istituzioni romane e dell’amministrazione francese, nonché sulla base dei discorsi politici dei patrioti italiani si mostrerà la molteplicità delle implicazioni - politiche, spaziali, culturali - del mito e della realtà di Roma in questa cruciale fase di transizione del Risorgimento italiano.
Clerical Disputes and the Gerichtsort in Carolingian Lucca
Authors: Heil Michael W. 
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag untersucht die Rechtspraxis in Lucca zwischen dem späten 8. und dem frühen 10. Jh. Ausgangspunkt ist die Beobachtung Hagen Kellers aus „Der Gerichtsort in oberitalienischen und toskanischen Städten“, wonach der Bischof von Lucca und die geistlichen Schöffen in der ersten Hälfte des 9. Jh. ihre vorherrschende Stellung in der Justizverwaltung an den Herzog und an Laienschöffen verloren. Nach Keller gehört dieser Vorgang mit der Verlegung des Gerichtsortes von der domus des Bischofs zum Herzogshof zusammen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag soll hingegen dargelegt werden, das, wenn man den klerikalen Status der Parteien in den überkommenen Gerichtsurkunden beachtet, eine solche Lesart nicht unterstützt werden kann. Versucht wird eine andere Erklärung, wonach das „bischöfliche Gericht“ sich institutionell vom placitum oder „öffentlichen“ Gerichtshof unterschied. Das bischofliche Gericht, das sich aus dem Bischof und geistlichen Rechtskundigen zusammensetzte, bildete anscheinend für fast die gesamte karolingische und die frühe postkarolingische Epoche das gewöhnliche Forum für Streitfalle, die zwischen den Klerikern der Diözese auftraten. Auf keinen Fall entschied er in Prozessen zwischen Klerikern und Laien (vermutlich ebensowenig in Rechtsangelegenheiten unter Laien). Abschließend werden einige Aufgabenfelder des „bischöflichen Gerichts“ und dessen Wirken erörtert.
Kaisertum, italisches Königtum und Papsttum. Zur (temporären) Fixierung eines Dreiecksverhältnisses durch Otto den Großen
Authors: Groth Simon 
Published: April 2017

Riassunto
Il complesso e intrecciato rapporto tra impero, papato e Regnum Italicum, che aveva segnato la storia altomedievale a partire dalla notte di natale dell’800, subì un notevole cambiamento con l’incoronazione a imperatore di Ottone I. Mentre sotto i suoi predecessori il regno d’Italia e l’impero avevano continuato a essere due entità autonome, ora si creò un collegamento diretto tra essi. Ottone I pose il Regnum Italicum sotto il suo dominio imperiale (senza chiamarsi Re d’Italia, come aveva invece fatto ancora Carlo Magno), e durante la sua terza campagna d’Italia cercò di spingersi verso l’Italia meridionale. L’Italia, diventata in tal modo centro del suo dominio, forse era assorto per l’imperatore a simbolo della tanto ambita parità con Bisanzio che il matrimonio di Ottone II con una principessa bizantina avrebbe reso palese. Un titolo onorifico che in fondo non aveva comportato nessuna reale crescita di potere, né un legame con un territorio, si era trasformato in un motivo per chiedere il dominio sul territorio italiano, inteso di conseguenza non più come un regnum tra gli altri, ma come nucleo centrale di un impero. Rispetto ai suoi diretti predecessori sul trono imperiale, anche i suoi rapporti con la Sede Apostolica erano molto più condizionati dalla rivendicazione di supremazia e ricordano le tendenze presenti ai tempi di Carlo Magno.