bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of a Home-Based Diabetes Prevention and Management Program on High-Risk American Indian Youth
Authors: Kenney Anne , Chambers Rachel A. , Rosenstock Summer , Neault Nicole , Richards Jennifer , Reid Raymond , Nelson Leonela , Begay Marissa , Grass Ryan , Parker Sean , Barlow Allison 
Published: July 2016

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a home-based diabetes prevention and management program on high-risk American Indian youth. Methods Together on Diabetes (TOD) was designed via a participatory approach with 4 tribal communities in the southwestern United States. A multisite pre- and postevaluation design was used to evaluate the efficacy of the TOD intervention on improving youth’s psychosocial, knowledge, behavioral, and physiological outcomes at 4 time points from baseline to 12 months postenrollment. Results A total of 256 youth and 225 support persons were enrolled in the TOD program. At 12 months postenrollment, improvements were observed in youth’s quality of life ( P < .001), depressive symptoms ( P < .001), knowledge related to TOD content ( P < .001), standardized body mass index scores ( P = .004), and hypertension ( P = .026). Improvements in mean A1C were observed among diabetic youth with baseline A1C >6.5% ( P = .036). Conclusions The TOD program was feasible, acceptable, and effective in lowering diabetes risk among reservation-based American Indian youth. It is the first efficacious youth-focused diabetes prevention and management program developed and implemented in partnership with tribal communities.
Early improvement of symptoms using LCZ696 in a patient with systolic heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction: a case report
Authors: Kohlmeier Johannes , Bramlage Peter 
Published: July 2016

Introduction: Heart failure is a progressive disease with high mortality and morbidity. LCZ696 is a drug that has recently shown its improved efficacy and safety in patients with systolic heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction. Reports on its impact on the improvement of clinical symptoms are, however, scarce. These are important because they improve a patient’s compliance with treatment and their quality of life. Case presentation: We report on the case of a 71-year-old patient who had deteriorating symptoms and signs of heart failure (ejection fraction [EF] 34%) in whom we initiated LCZ696 treatment. After two months of LCZ696 treatment (including titration), the New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification had improved (III→II/I) with no residual signs of acrocyanosis and orthopnea. While creatinine values remained stable, potassium increased to 5.0 mmol/l and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) dropped from 1260 ng/l to 680 ng/ml. The final EF was 47%. The patient reported substantial improvement of his quality of life. Conclusion: We show, based on a case report, that symptoms associated with heart failure deterioration are improved early after the initiation of LCZ696. This should foster specific research into symptoms and quality of life improvements with LCZ696.
A qualitative study using the Theoretical Domains Framework to investigate why patients were or were not assessed for rehabilitation after stroke
Authors: Lynch Elizabeth A , Luker Julie A , Cadilhac Dominique A , Fryer Caroline E , Hillier Susan L 
Published: July 2016

Objective: To explore the factors perceived to affect rehabilitation assessment and referral practices for patients with stroke. Design: Qualitative study using data from focus groups analysed thematically and then mapped to the Theoretical Domains Framework. Setting: Eight acute stroke units in two states of Australia. Subjects: Health professionals working in acute stroke units. Interventions: Health professionals at all sites had participated in interventions to improve rehabilitation assessment and referral practices, which included provision of copies of an evidence-based decision-making rehabilitation Assessment Tool and pathway. Results: Eight focus groups were conducted (32 total participants). Reported rehabilitation assessment and referral practices varied markedly between units. Continence and mood were not routinely assessed (4 units), and people with stroke symptoms were not consistently referred to rehabilitation (4 units). Key factors influencing practice were identified and included whether health professionals perceived that use of the Assessment Tool would improve rehabilitation assessment practices (theoretical domain ‘social and professional role’); beliefs about outcomes from changing practice such as increased equity for patients or conversely that changing rehabilitation referral patterns would not affect access to rehabilitation (‘belief about consequences’); the influence of the unit’s relationships with other groups including rehabilitation teams (‘social influences’ domain) and understanding within the acute stroke unit team of the purpose of changing assessment practices (‘knowledge’ domain). Conclusion: This study has identified that health professionals’ perceived roles, beliefs about consequences from changing practice and relationships with rehabilitation service providers were perceived to influence rehabilitation assessment and referral practices on Australian acute stroke units.
Evaluating Effectiveness of Cognitive–Behavior Therapy for Hong Kong Adolescents With Anxiety Problems
Authors: Wong Daniel F. K. , Kwok Sylvia Y. C. L. , Low Yiu Tsang , Man Ka Wai , Ip Priscilla S. Y. 
Published: July 2016

Objectives: The aims of this study were to examine the effects of group cognitive–behavior therapy (CBT) on improving anxiety symptoms and enhancing personal growth among adolescents at risk of developing anxiety disorders in school settings in Hong Kong. Method: A total of 26 participants received an eight-session CBT group and 20 received treatment as usual in the waitlist control condition. Instruments measuring anxiety symptoms, types of anxiety in children, dysfunctional thoughts, and personal growth were used to assess the changes in severity of anxiety symptoms, dysfunctional thoughts, and personal growth among the participants. Results: A 2 × 2 mixed model analyses of variance were employed, results demonstrated significantly greater improvements in overall anxiety symptoms, generalized anxiety symptoms, and personal growth—use of resources in the participants of the CBT group compared to the control group. Conclusion: Group CBT may potentially improve anxiety symptoms of adolescents in school settings in Hong Kong.
Endovascular Repair of Ruptured Infected Arteries as a Temporizing Measure Versus Destination Therapy
Authors: Shahi Niti , Kwon Jeontaik J. , Arosemena Mariano , Salvatore Dawn M. , DiMuzio Paul J. , Abai Babak 
Published: July 2016

Objective: Mycotic rupture of the arteries is a rare but deadly disorder. Current management typically involves open surgical repair. However, endovascular repair is a potential treatment that can be used to delay open repair, especially in acutely unstable patients. A case report and review of the literature was conducted to determine whether endovascular therapy could be a destination therapy for patients with arterial rupture secondary to infection. Methods: We present the case of a 72-year-old man with a left common iliac artery aneurysm rupture secondary to Salmonella infection treated with endovascular therapy upon initial presentation. A literature review of PubMed yielded 29 patients with ruptured aortic and iliac infected aneurysms that were initially treated with endovascular repair. Results: Majority of the patients (76.7%, 23 of 30) were successfully treated with the endovascular treatment and did not require open revision. These patients were often placed on long-term antibiotics. Conclusion: The literature review supports endovascular repair with a stent graft as a temporizing measure for infected ruptured arteries in an emergent setting and, in select cases, as a destination therapy.
Structural changes in periodontium of rats exposed to a low concentration of hydrogen sulfide for 50 days
Authors: Yeler Defne Yalcin , Hocaoglu Turgay , Koraltan Melike , Aydin Murat , Gul Mehmet , Gul Semir 
Published: July 2016

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of H2S inhalation at a low concentration (at human equivalent dose of pathologic halitosis) on rat periodontium over a long term (50 days). The threshold level of pathologic halitosis perceived by humans at 250 ppb of H2S was converted to rat equivalent concentration (4.15 ppm). Rats in the experimental (H2S) group (n = 8) were exposed to H2S continuously but not the control rats (n = 8). After 50 days, periodontal tissue samples were taken from the mandibular first molar region and examined histopathologically to determine inflammatory cell infiltration (ICI), osteoblastic activities, number of osteoclasts, and resorption lacunae. Sulcular epithelium layer destruction was observed in the H2S group. Frequency of ICI was significantly higher in the H2S group compared to the control group ( P <0.05). The number of osteoclasts were found significantly higher in the H2S group (34.28 ± 3.28) compared to the control group (8.85 ± 1.85) ( P <0.05) and the number of resorption lacunae were also higher in the cementum tissue (6.1 ± 2.4) and alveolar bone (3.8 ± 1.5) versus their corresponding control groups (1.6 ± 0.5 and 1.4 ± 0.5, respectively) ( P <0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups with regard to osteoblastic activity. H2S inhalation induces inflammatory changes in the periodontium as well as resorption of the alveolar bone and cementum tissue in rats. These histopathologic changes in periodontal tissues support the idea that long-term H2S inhalation may have a destructive effect on periodontal tissues.
Incidence and risk factors of intracranial aneurysm: A national cohort study in Korea
Authors: Kim Tackeun , Lee Heeyoung , Ahn Soyeon , Kwon O-Ki , Bang Jae Seung , Hwang Gyojun , Kim Jeong Eun , Kang Hyun-Seung , Son Young-Je , Cho Won-Sang , Oh Chang Wan 
Published: July 2016

Background Estimations of the intracranial aneurysm incidence require long-term follow-up of a relatively large at-risk population; as a result, the incidence remains largely unknown. Aims To investigate the national incidence of intracranial aneurysm in a Korean population. Methods After excluding 18,604 potential subjects with a previous history of stroke (I6x.x), 998,216 subjects were included in this observational cohort. The primary endpoint was the earliest date of diagnosis of either unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA; I67.1) or subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH; I60.x). We collected anthropometric data, blood pressure measurements, laboratory data, and smoking, drinking, and physical exercise habits of 132,355 subjects for whom healthcare screening data were available. Factors influencing intracranial aneurysm were evaluated via multivariate Cox regression. Results The overall observation size was 8,792,214 person-years. During follow-up, 4346 subjects were diagnosed with intracranial aneurysm (SAH, 1960; UIA, 2386). The crude incidence of intracranial aneurysm was 49.4/100,000 person-years. The hazard ratio for women was 1.56 ( p < 0.01), and older subjects had an increased hazard ratio. Subjects with hypertension had an approximately 1.5-fold higher risk of intracranial aneurysm. A history of heart disease and family history of stroke were associated with respective hazard ratios of 2.08 and 1.77. Conclusions In this Korean population study, the standardized incidence of intracranial aneurysm was 52.2/100,000 person-years. Older age, female sex, hypertension, history of heart disease, and family history of stroke were independent risk factors for intracranial aneurysm.
A consensus to determine the ideal critical care transfer bag
Authors: Van Zwanenberg Gezz , Dransfield Melissa , Juneja Rohit ,   On behalf of and for North West London Critical Care Network
Published: July 2016

Background Familiarity with environment, processes and equipment reduces the risk inherently associated with critical care transfers. Therefore, the North West London Critical Care Network decided to create a standardised ideal transfer bag and contents to improve patient safety. Methods A four-round modified Delphi survey developed a condensed and clinically tested content list. An expert panel then designed an ideal transfer bag based on agreed important principles. Results Participants completed two rounds of an electronic survey. Round 3 comprised an expert clinical panel review, while round 4 tested the contents over 50 clinical transfers. The prototype bag’s design was adjusted after clinical use and feedback. Discussion This project has introduced a standardised critical care transfer bag across our network. A similar technique could be used for other healthcare regions. Alternatively, the above critical care transfer bag could be adopted or adapted for regional use by clinicians.
Prediagnosis aspirin use and outcomes in a prospective cohort of esophageal cancer patients
Authors: Araujo James L. , Altorki Nasser K. , Sonett Joshua R. , Rodriguez Adriana , Sungur-Stasik Kivilcim , Spinelli Cathy F. , Neugut Alfred I. , Abrams Julian A. 
Published: July 2016

Background: Esophageal cancer remains associated with poor outcomes, yet little is known regarding factors that influence survival. Aspirin use prior to cancer diagnosis may influence outcomes. We aimed to assess the effects of prediagnosis aspirin use in patients with esophageal cancer. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of newly-diagnosed esophageal cancer patients at two tertiary care centers. We assessed history of prediagnosis aspirin use, and prospectively followed patients and assessed mortality, cause of death, and development of metastases. Results: We enrolled 130 patients, the majority of whom were male (81.5%) and had adenocarcinoma (80.8%). Overall, 57 patients (43.9%) were regular aspirin users. In unadjusted analyses, we found no difference in all-cause mortality between aspirin users and nonusers. In multivariate analyses, prediagnosis aspirin use was not associated with all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.48–1.57] or esophageal cancer-specific mortality (HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.52–2.21). Prediagnosis aspirin use was associated with a significantly increased risk of interval metastasis (HR 3.59, 95% CI 1.08–11.96). Conclusions: In our cohort of esophageal cancer patients, prediagnosis aspirin use was not associated with all-cause or cancer-specific mortality. However, risk of interval metastatic disease was increased among those who took aspirin regularly prediagnosis. Future studies are warranted to assess whether aspirin influences the molecular characteristics of esophageal tumors, with potential prognostic and therapeutic implications.
Level of patient–physician agreement in assessment of change following conservative rehabilitation for shoulder pain
Authors: Moore-Reed Stephanie D. , Kibler W. Ben , Bush Heather , Uhl Tim L. 
Published: July 2016

Background Assessment of health-related status has been shown to vary between patients and physicians, although the degree of patient–physician discordance in the assessment of the change in status is unknown. Methods Ninety-nine patients with shoulder dysfunction underwent a standardized physician examination and completed several self-reported questionnaires. All patients were prescribed the same physical therapy intervention. Six weeks later, the patients returned to the physician, when self-report questionnaires were re-assessed and the Global Rating of Change (GROC) was completed by the patient. The physician completed the GROC retrospectively. To determine agreement between patient and physician, intra-class correlation (ICC) coefficient and Pearson’s r using the 15-point GROC and weighted kappa using a consolidated three-point GROC were calculated. Results Utilizing the 15-point GROC, complete agreement was observed in 37 of 99 patients (37%). ICC and Pearson’s r between patient and physician were 0.62 and 0.63, respectively. Utilizing a consolidated three-point GROC, complete agreement was observed in 76 of 99 patients (77%). Weighted kappa was 0.62. Conclusions Assessment of change reported by the patient demonstrates moderate to good agreement with physician assessment. These findings indicate that the GROC does reflect and represent similar assessment of change in health status by patients and physicians. This can aid discussion of both past treatment results and future treatment plans.
Glycated Hemoglobin, Plasma Glucose, and Erythrocyte Aging
Authors: Beltran del Rio Manuel , Tiwari Mukesh , Amodu Leo I , Cagliani Joaquin , Rodriguez Rilo Horacio Luis 
Published: July 2016

Background: The relationship between HbA1c and blood glucose averages has been characterized many times, yet, a unifying, mechanistic description is still lacking. Methods: We calculated the level of HbA1c from plasma glucose averages based solely on the in vivo rate of hemoglobin glycation, and the different turnover rates for erythrocytes of different ages. These calculations were then compared to the measured change of HbA1c due to changes in mean blood glucose (MBG), to complex models in the literature, and our own experiments. Results: Analysis of data on erythrocyte ageing patterns revealed that 2 separate RBC turnover mechanisms seem to be present. We calculated the mean red blood cell (RBC) life span within individuals to lie between 60 and 95 days. Comparison of expected HbA1c levels to data taken from continuous glucose monitors and finger-stick MBG yielded good agreement ( r = .87, P < .0001). Experiments on the change with time of HbA1c induced by a change of MBG were in excellent agreement with our calculations ( r = .98, P < .0001). Conclusions: RBC turnover seems to be dominated by a constant rate of cell loss, and a mechanism that targets cells of a specific age. Average RBC life span is 80 ± 10.9 days. Of HbA1c change toward treatment goal value, 50% is reached in about 30 days. Many factors contribute to the ratio of glycated hemoglobin, yet we can make accurate estimations considering only the in vivo glycation constant, MBG, and the age distribution of erythrocytes.
Jam Injuries of the Finger
Authors: Carruthers Katherine H. , Skie Martin , Jain Margaret 
Published: July 2016

Context: Jam injuries of the finger are frequently encountered in general orthopaedic and sports medicine practice. The finger joints in particular are very susceptible to traumatic injury, but in the absence of severe deformity, digital trauma is often downplayed in the hopes of a more rapid return to game play. Evidence Acquisition: Articles published from 1966 to 2015 were reviewed to capture historical and current views on the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of jam injuries in athletes. Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 5. Results: Although jam injuries are frequently grouped together, they represent a host of injuries that can be challenging to differentiate. A thorough knowledge of finger joint anatomy and injury mechanism is critical to perform an appropriate examination, establish an accurate diagnosis, and identify a treatment plan for each patient. Conclusion: Every member of the athletic care team must be aware of the spectrum of digital injuries, including the basic signs present on examination, which may indicate the need for more formal workup. Additionally, preventing injury through athlete education is paramount to athletic care.
Antipsychotic use in dementia: a systematic review of benefits and risks from meta-analyses
Authors: Tampi Rajesh R. , Tampi Deena J. , Balachandran Silpa , Srinivasan Shilpa 
Published: July 2016

Background: The purpose of this review is to evaluate the data on the use of antipsychotics in individuals with dementia from meta-analyses. Methods: We performed a literature search of PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Cochrane collaboration databases through 30 November, 2015 using the following keywords: ‘antipsychotics’, ‘dementia’ and ‘meta-analysis’. The search was not restricted by the age of the patients or the language of the study. However, in the final analysis we only included studies involving patients that were published in English language journals or had official English translations. In addition, we reviewed the bibliographic databases of published articles for additional studies. Results: This systematic review of the literature identified a total of 16 meta-analyses that evaluated the use of antipsychotics in individuals with dementia. Overall, 12 meta-analyses evaluated the efficacy of antipsychotics among individuals with dementia. Of these, eight also assessed adverse effects. A further two studies evaluated the adverse effects of antipsychotics (i.e. death). A total of two meta-analyses evaluated the discontinuation of antipsychotics in individuals with dementia. Overall, three meta-analyses were conducted in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) whereas one focused on individuals with Lewy Body Dementia (LBD). The rest of the 12 meta-analyses included individuals with dementia. Conclusions: Antipsychotics have demonstrated modest efficacy in treating psychosis, aggression and agitation in individuals with dementia. Their use in individuals with dementia is often limited by their adverse effect profile. The use of antipsychotics should be reserved for severe symptoms that have failed to respond adequately to nonpharmacological management strategies.
Developing HSCs become Notch independent by the end of maturation in the AGM region
Authors: Souilhol Céline , Lendinez Javier G. , Rybtsov Stanislav , Murphy Fiona , Wilson Heather , Hills David , Batsivari Antoniana , Binagui-Casas Anahí , McGarvey Alison C. , MacDonald H. Robson , Kageyama Ryoichiro , Siebel Christian , Zhao Suling , Medvinsky Alexander 
Published: July 2016

Key PointsBoth Notch1 and Notch2 receptors are involved in pre-HSC maturation. Developing HSCs become Notch independent by the end of their maturation in the AGM region.
Game theory models for communication between agents: a review
Authors: Farooqui Aisha D. , Niazi Muaz A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn the real world, agents or entities are in a continuous state of interactions. These interactions lead to various types of complexity dynamics. One key difficulty in the study of complex agent interactions is the difficulty of modeling agent communication on the basis of rewards. Game theory offers a perspective of analysis and modeling these interactions. Previously, while a large amount of literature is available on game theory, most of it is from specific domains and does not cater for the concepts from an agent-based perspective. Here in this paper, we present a comprehensive multidisciplinary state-of-the-art review and taxonomy of game theory models of complex interactions between agents.