bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
« The Queen’s peace » et « King Mob » : la conception de l’atteinte à l’ordre public en Angleterre
Authors: Grosclaude Jérôme 
Published: January 2018

Tâche fondamentale de tout État, maintenir l’ordre est, en Angleterre, une tâche protéiforme que le pouvoir central sait depuis longtemps manier pour affirmer son autorité sur le pays. Initialement, en effet, « garder la paix du roi / de la reine » (keeping the King’s/Queen’s Peace) trouve ses origines dans le désir des souverains saxons d’affirmer leur pouvoir sur l’ensemble de leur royaume. Ce fut toutefois surtout après 1066 que les rois normands puis Plantagenêts en privilégièrent une interprétation extensive afin de légitimer l’accaparement par les juges royaux de plus en plus de contentieux au détriment de la justice privée ou locale. Dans un second temps, au xviiie siècle et au début du xixe siècle, la « paix du roi » fut surtout utilisée pour lutter contre toute forme d’agitation : l’incrimination très floue d’« émeute » (riot), que l’on trouve dans le célèbre Riot Act de 1714, autorisait ainsi à condamner à mort ou (de 1867 à 1967) à la transportation (penal deportation) tout participant à un attroupement d’au moins douze personnes qui n’aurait pas répondu dans l’heure à l’ordre de se disperser. Enfin, au nom de la défense de ce qu’on appela à partir du xxe siècle « l’ordre public » (public order), le souci d’un maintien de l’ordre efficace poussa à la création de forces de police professionnelles au xixe siècle puis, au xxe siècle, à la mise en place de mécanismes centralisateurs qui confirmait que la tâche essentielle de maintenir l’ordre n’est pas prêt de cesser d’être instrumentalisée en Angleterre par les gouvernements successifs de Sa Majesté.
Les documents copto-arabes dans les archives chrétiennes d’Éthiopie : de rares témoins de l’autorité épiscopale (XIVe-XVe s.)
Authors: Wion Anaïs 
Published: January 2018

L’Église chrétienne orthodoxe d’Éthiopie était statutairement un évêché copte. Du ive au milieu du xxe siècle, elle reçut son évêque métropolite du siège patriarcal d’Alexandrie. Trois documents copto-arabes, émis entre 1375 et 1424 par des évêques égyptiens en Éthiopie, permettent de mieux comprendre les enjeux de pouvoir qui se nouent entre l’épiscopat copte, le pouvoir politique éthiopien et les réseaux monastiques puissants de l’Église orthodoxe éthiopienne. L’abuna Salāmā, le « Traducteur », a-t-il comploté avec les moines de Ḥayq Esṭifānos pour placer Dāwit sur le trône ? Pourquoi son successeur, le métropolite Bartalomēwos, d’abord fidèle allié du trône, est-il placé sous surveillance étroite, puis écarté et emprisonné ? Fut-il « remplacé » par un évêque égyptien ayant son siège dans le delta du Nil et réfugié en Éthiopie ? Dans le contexte de rapport de pouvoir qui s’inverse entre l’Église copte et l’Église d’Éthiopie, comment en arriva-t-on, sous le règne de Zar’ā Yā‘eqob, à l’envoi de deux métropolites qui entérinèrent toutes les décisions royales, même les moins orthodoxes ? Si l’étude de ces documents soulève et parfois répond à ces questions, elle propose aussi de jeter un nouveau regard sur les pratiques scripturaires administratives.
La tragédie de 1965 en Indonésie : une historiographie renouvelée, une mémoire toujours tronquée
Authors: Madinier Rémy 
Published: January 2018

Cet article explore la place de la tragédie de 1965 dans la mémoire collective indonésienne depuis la chute de l’Ordre nouveau en 1998. Malgré un renouveau historiographique considérable, l’Indonésie de la Reformasi peine à réécrire le récit officiel du « coup du 30 septembre » et à mettre à bas l’escroquerie mémorielle qui entoure, encore aujourd’hui, les massacres de 1965-66. Malgré la libération de la parole universitaire, l’ouverture de nouveaux fonds d’archives et le travail remarquable de diverses associations, la persistance de cette mémoire tronquée et la frilosité des autorités en la matière disent beaucoup des survivances de l’Ordre nouveau et du caractère inachevé de la transition politique indonésienne.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Recruit CCR2+ Monocytes To Suppress Allergic Airway Inflammation
Authors: Takeda Katsuyuki , Webb Tracy L. , Ning Fangkun , Shiraishi Yoshiki , Regan Daniel P. , Chow Lyndah , Smith Mia J. , Ashino Shigeru , Guth Amanda M. , Hopkins Sophie , Gelfand Erwin W. , Dow Steven 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) exert immune modulatory properties and previous studies demonstrated suppressive effects of MSC treatment in animal models of allergic airway inflammation. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. We studied the role of MSC in immune activation and subsequent recruitment of monocytes in suppressing airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation using a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation. MSC administration prior to or after allergen challenge inhibited the development of airway inflammation in allergen-sensitized mice. This was accompanied by an influx of CCR2-positive monocytes, which were localized around injected MSC in the lungs. Notably, IL-10–producing monocytes and/or macrophages were also increased in the lungs. Systemic administration of liposomal clodronate or a CCR2 antagonist significantly prevented the suppressive effects of MSC. Activation of MSC by IFN-γ leading to the upregulation of CCL2 expression was essential for the suppressive effects, as administration of wild-type MSC into IFN-γ−deficient recipients, or IFN-γ receptor–deficient or CCL2-deficient MSC into wild-type mice failed to suppress airway inflammation. These results suggest that MSC activation by IFN-γ, followed by increased expression of CCL2 and recruitment of monocytes to the lungs, is essential for suppression by MSC in allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation.
KEAP1 Editing Using CRISPR/Cas9 for Therapeutic NRF2 Activation in Primary Human T Lymphocytes
Authors: Noel Sanjeev , Lee Sul A. , Sadasivam Mohanraj , Hamad Abdel R. A. , Rabb Hamid 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Oxidant stress modifies T lymphocyte activation and function. Previous work demonstrated that murine T cell–specific kelch like-ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) deletion enhances antioxidant capacity and protects from experimental acute kidney injury. In this study, we used CRISPR technology to develop clinically translatable human T cell–specific KEAP1 deletion. Delivery of KEAP1 exon 2 specific Cas9:guide RNA in Jurkat T cells led to significant (∼70%) editing and upregulation of NRF2-regulated antioxidant genes NADPH dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO1) (up to 11-fold), heme oxygenase 1 (HO1) (up to 11-fold), and GCLM (up to 2-fold). In primary human T cells, delivery of KEAP1 exon 2 target site 2-specific ATTO 550–labeled Cas9:guide RNA edited KEAP1 in ∼40% cells and significantly (p ≤ 0.04) increased NQO1 (16-fold), HO1 (9-fold), and GCLM (2-fold) expression. To further enrich KEAP1-edited cells, ATTO 550–positive cells were sorted 24 h after electroporation. Assessment of ATTO 550–positive cells showed KEAP1 editing in ∼55% cells. There was no detectable off-target cleavage in the top three predicted genes in the ATTO 550–positive cells. Gene expression analysis found significantly (p ≤ 0.01) higher expression of NQO1 mRNA in ATTO 550–positive cells compared with control cells. Flow cytometric assessment showed increased (p ≤ 0.01) frequency of CD4-, CD25-, and CD69-expressing KEAP1 edited cells whereas frequency of CD8- (p ≤ 0.01) and IL-17– (p ≤ 0.05) expressing cells was reduced compared with control cells. Similar experimental conditions resulted in significant KEAP1 editing, increased antioxidant gene expression, and frequency of CD69 and IL-10 positive cells in highly enriched KEAP1-edited regulatory T cells. KEAP1-edited T cells could potentially be used for treating multiple human diseases.
Therapeutic Application of an Extract of Helicobacter pylori Ameliorates the Development of Allergic Airway Disease
Authors: van Wijck Yolanda , de Kleijn Stan , John-Schuster Gerrit , Mertens Tinne C. J. , Hiemstra Pieter S. , Müller Anne , Smits Hermelijn H. , Taube Christian 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental studies have shown that exposure to the gastric bacterium Helicobacter pylori, especially in early life, prevents the development of asthma. Recent mouse studies have shown that this protective effect does not require live bacteria and that treatment with an extract of H. pylori in neonates prevents the development of airway inflammation and goblet cell metaplasia. In the current study, the effect of administration of an extract of H. pylori was assessed in a therapeutic study design with application of the extract just prior to allergen challenge. C57BL/6 mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA or house dust mite. Treatment with H. pylori extract just prior to the challenge significantly reduced airway inflammation, as assessed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue, and reduced airway remodeling, as assessed by goblet cell quantification. These effects were apparent in the OVA model and in the house dust mite model. Injection of H. pylori extract reduced the processing of allergen by dendritic cells in the lungs and mediastinal lymph node. Bone marrow–derived dendritic cells exposed to H. pylori extract were affected with regard to their ability to process Ag. These data show that application of H. pylori extract after sensitization effectively inhibits allergic airway disease.
MLL1 Promotes IL-7 Responsiveness and Survival during B Cell Differentiation
Authors: Gan Tao , Li Bin E. , Mishra Bibhu P. , Jones Kenneth L. , Ernst Patricia 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
B lymphocyte differentiation is an exquisitely regulated homeostatic process resulting in continuous production of appropriately selected B cells. Relatively small changes in gene expression can result in deregulation of this process, leading to acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), immune deficiency, or autoimmunity. Translocation of MLL1 (KMT2A) often results in a pro-B cell ALL, but little is known about its role in normal B cell differentiation. Using a Rag1-cre mouse knock-in to selectively delete Mll1 in developing lymphocytes, we show that B cell, but not T cell, homeostasis depends on MLL1. Mll1−/− B progenitors fail to differentiate efficiently through the pro- to pre-B cell transition, resulting in a persistent reduction in B cell populations. Cells inefficiently transit the pre-BCR checkpoint, despite normal to higher levels of pre-BCR components, and rearranged IgH expression fails to rescue this differentiation block. Instead of IgH-rearrangement defects, we find that Mll1−/− pre-B cells exhibit attenuated RAS/MAPK signaling downstream of the pre-BCR, which results in reduced survival in physiologic levels of IL-7. Genome-wide expression data illustrate that MLL1 is connected to B cell differentiation and IL-7–dependent survival through a complex transcriptional network. Overall, our data demonstrate that wild-type MLL1 is a regulator of pre-BCR signaling and B cell differentiation and further suggest that targeting its function in pro-B cell ALL may be more broadly effective than previously anticipated.
Role Strain, Part 1: Experiences of Athletic Trainers Employed in the Professional Sports Setting
Authors: Romero Manuel G. , Pitney William A. , Brumels Kirk , Mazerolle Stephanie M. 
Published: January 2018

Context: The demands and expectations of athletic trainers employed in professional sports settings (ATPSSs) have increased over the years. Meeting these demands and expectations may predispose the athletic trainer to workplace stress and ultimately role strain.Objective: To investigate the concept of role strain among ATPSSs.Design: Sequential, explanatory mixed-methods study consisting of 2 phases: (1) population role-strain survey and (2) personal interviews.Patients or Other Participants: From a purposeful sampling of 389 athletic trainers employed in the 5 major sports leagues (Major League Baseball, Major League Soccer, National Basketball Association, National Football League, and National Hockey League), 152 individuals provided usable data (39% response rate).Main Outcome Measure(s): A previously validated and reliable role-strain survey using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = never, 5 = nearly all the time) was administered. Measures of central tendency were used to identify the presence and degree of role strain; inferential statistics were calculated using analysis of variance to determine group differences in overall role strain and its subcomponents.Results: More than half of the participants (53.9%) experienced a moderate to high degree of role strain. Interrole conflict (2.99 ± 0.77) and role overload (2.91 ± 0.75) represented the most prominent components of role strain. Differences existed by sport leagues and employment.Conclusions: Role strain existed at moderate to high levels (mean Role Strain Score &gt; 2.70) among ATPSSs. Interrole conflict and role overload contributed the most to overall role strain. The ATPSSs experienced role strain to a higher degree than reported in other settings.
Rehabilitation of a Young Athlete With Extension-Based Low Back Pain Addressing Motor-Control Impairments and Central Sensitization
Authors: Winslow John J. , Jackson Mark , Getzin Andrew , Costello Michael 
Published: January 2018

Objective:
To describe the conservative management of a young athlete with extension-based (EB) low back pain (LBP).

Background:
We present the case of a 15-year-old female high school gymnast with a 4-year history of EB LBP. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a healed spondylolysis and significant atrophy with fatty infiltrate of the lumbar multifidi muscles (LMM). She had several courses of outpatient orthopaedic rehabilitation that focused on core muscle strengthening (improving activation and strength of the LMM and transversus abdominus muscle in a neutral pelvic position) without long-lasting improvement. She was unable to tolerate higher levels of training or compete.

Differential Diagnosis:
The LMM are rich in muscle spindles and provide continuous feedback to the central nervous system about body position. Atrophy and fatty infiltrate of the LMM can compromise neuromuscular function and contribute to dysfunctional movement patterns that place a greater demand on lumbar spine structures. Ongoing motor-control impairments perpetuate nociceptive input, leading to central sensitization.

Treatment:
The athlete had difficulty controlling trunk extension during sport-specific activities; she moved early and to a greater extent in the lumbar spine. The aim of the treatment was to teach the athlete how to control her tendency to overload her lumbar spine when bending backward, thus reducing nociceptive input from lumbar spine structures and desensitizing the nervous system.

Uniqueness:
Treating EB LBP by addressing motor-control impairments and cognitive-affective factors as opposed to core strengthening.

Conclusions:
Activity modification, bracing, and traditional core-strengthening exercises may not be the most appropriate treatment for athletes experiencing EB LBP. Addressing cognitive-affective factors in addition to correcting maladaptive motor behavior and moving in a pain-free range reduces nociceptive input, desensitizes the nervous system, and allows athletes to gain control over their pain.
Hip and Knee Kinematics and Kinetics During Landing Tasks After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lepley Adam S. , Kuenze Christopher M. 
Published: January 2018

Objective:
To evaluate the current evidence concerning kinematic and kinetic strategies adopted during dynamic landing tasks by patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).

Data Sources:
PubMed, Web of Science.

Study Selection:
Original research articles that evaluated kinematics or kinetics (or both) during a landing task in those with a history of ACLR were included.

Data Extraction:
Methodologic quality was assessed using the modified Downs and Black checklist. Means and standard deviations for knee or hip (or both) kinematics and kinetics were used to calculate Cohen d effect sizes and corresponding 95% confidence intervals between the injured limb of ACLR participants and contralateral or healthy matched limbs. Data were further stratified by landing tasks, either double- or single-limb landing. A random-effects–model meta-analysis was used to calculate pooled effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals.

Data Synthesis:
The involved limbs of ACLR patients demonstrated clinically and significantly lower knee-extension moments during double-legged landing compared with healthy contralateral limbs and healthy control limbs (Cohen d range = −0.81 to −1.23) and decreased vertical ground reaction forces when compared with healthy controls, regardless of task (Cohen d range = −0.39 to −1.75).

Conclusions:
During single- and double-legged landing tasks, individuals with ACLR demonstrated meaningful reductions in injured-limb knee-extension moments and vertical ground reaction forces. These findings indicate potential unloading of the injured limb after ACLR, which may have significant implications for secondary ACL injury and long-term joint health.
The Evolving Pattern and Outcome of Stroke at Moderate Altitude
Authors: Dhiman Deepika , Mahajan Sanjay K. , Sharma Sudhir , Raina Rajiv 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
Background: The people residing in hills of this Sub-Himalayan region traditionally have a distinct lifestyle involving high level of physical activity. However, increased urbanization in the last two decades has led to changes in lifestyle of people. The present study was an endeavor to document changes in the pattern of stroke in people residing at moderate altitude. Aim: This study was aimed to study the evolving trends in clinical profile, risk factors, and outcome at 3 months in hospitalized patients of stroke in a Tertiary Care Hospital situated at moderate altitude. Setting and Design: This prospective, observational study was carried out in a Tertiary Care Hospital, situated at 2000 m mean sea level, from July 2014 to June 2015 in Sub-Himalayan region of India. Methods: The clinical features and risk factors profile of 235 patients of stroke consecutively admitted in hospital were analyzed, and findings were expressed in percentage. The profile was compared with a study conducted at this institute 15 years back. The outcome of patients at 3 months in terms of modified Rankin Scale >3 (mRS) and Barthel Index <60 (BI) was also studied. Results: The occurrence of stroke as a cause of hospitalization was decreasing. Ischemic stroke was noted in 74%, and 26% had hemorrhagic stroke (HS). There was male predominance (58%), but affliction of females with stroke increased from 34% to 42%. The altered sensorium (P = 0.00) and neurological weakness (P = 0.024) were significantly associated with poor outcome in stroke. The occurrence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and coronary artery disease increased but smoking decreased among indoor patients of stroke in the last 15 years. Poor outcome of 203 patients at 3 months follow-up in terms of mRS >3 was 79 (IS-47, HS-32) but in term of BI, 63 (IS-32, HS-31) had poor outcome. Overall HS had poorer outcome. Age >70 years, female sex, altered sensorium, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, were observed as poor prognostic factors, but the association was significant with advanced age, headache, and altered sensorium. Conclusion: The occurrence of stroke decreased among hospitalized patients. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and coronary artery disease increased but smoking decreased among patients of stroke.
Factors Influencing Institutional-Based Pediatric Rehabilitation Services among Caregivers of Children with Developmental Delay in Southwestern Rajasthan
Authors: Mishra Kriti , Siddharth V. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
Context: A limited number of caregivers of children with developmental delay access rehabilitation facilities in India. The study explored utilization of rehabilitation services at a tertiary care setup in southwestern Rajasthan and various factors influencing it. Aims: The aim of this study is to explore rehabilitation service utilization among children with developmental delay at a tertiary care setup and to ascertain factors that influence this pattern. Settings: This study was conducted at the department of physical medicine and rehabilitation at tertiary care setup. Design: This was an observational study. Subjects and Methods: Children with developmental delay who were advised institutional-based rehabilitation were identified over span of 1 year. Those who failed to return for rehabilitation after the first visit were interviewed telephonically. The interview had semi-structured open-ended questions about their reasons for inability to avail services. Statistical Analysis: SPSS statistics 22 was used for descriptive analysis and correlation of variables. Results: Of 230 children with developmental delay visiting department in 1-year duration, 48 took regular rehabilitation. Parents of 129 children with complete records were asked regarding discontinuation. Factors cited by majority were long distance from institute and service at hospital. Other reasons for discontinuation were related to belief system, family issues, time issues, socioeconomic factors, etc. Socioeconomic status was significantly associated with parental education (C = 0.488, P = 0.000) and financial issues. Location of family had significant association with long distance (C = 0.315, P = 0.000), parental education (C = 0.251, P = 0.003), and belief system (C = 0.265, P = 0.002). Conclusions: Distance from institute and quality of hospital service determined rehabilitation service use at a tertiary institute. Other factors such as socioeconomic status, family support, and social belief system must also be addressed while delivering institutional rehabilitation to children.
Efficacy of Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant to Local Anesthetic Agent in Scalp Block and Scalp Infiltration to Control Postcraniotomy Pain: A Double-Blind Randomized Trial
Authors: Vallapu Shankar , Panda Nidhi Bidyut , Samagh Navneh , Bharti Neerja 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
Context: Scalp infiltration and scalp block are being used to manage postcraniotomy pain. Dexmedetomidine has been successfully used as an adjuvant in regional anesthesia. The study was intended to compare whether addition of dexmedetomidine prolonged the duration of analgesia as well as to compare the two techniques. Aims: The primary objective was to assess whether addition of dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine prolonged the duration of analgesia. The secondary objective was to compare between scalp nerve block and scalp infiltration as techniques for pain relief. Settings and Design: The randomized control study was conducted in a tertiary care center from November 2013 to October 2014. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status I–II patients, aged 18–70 years undergoing elective craniotomy were included. Patients were randomized into three groups of 50 patients, i.e., Group BI (bupivacaine infiltration), Group BDI (bupivacaine and dexmedetomidine infiltration), and Group BDNB (bupivacaine and dexmedetomidine scalp nerve block). Patient's pain score, pain-free interval, rescue analgesic requirement, and hemodynamic and respiratory parameters were noted for 48 h. Patients were followed up at 1 and 3 months to assess postcraniotomy pain. Results: Pain-free period was significantly longer in Group BDNB than Groups BDI and BI (P < 0.0001) and pain control was better in dexmedetomidine containing groups than in bupivacaine group (BI) (P < 0.0001). The rescue analgesic requirement was significantly lower in Group BDNB and Group BDI compared to Group BI. Conclusion: The addition of dexmedetomidine (1 µg/kg) to bupivacaine prolonged the pain-free period. Scalp nerve block is a superior technique than scalp infiltration.