bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Random Forests to Compare the Sensitivity of Observed Particulate Inorganic and Particulate Organic Carbon to Environmental Conditions
Authors: Jin Rui , Gnanadesikan Anand , Holder Christopher 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe balance between particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) holds significant importance in carbon storage within the ocean. A recent investigation delved into the spatial distribution of phytoplankton and the physiological mechanisms governing their growth. Employing random forests, a machine learning technique, this study unveiled apparent relationships between POC and 10 environmental fields. In this work, we extend the use of random forests to compare how observed PIC and POC respond to environmental conditions. PIC and POC exhibit similar responses to certain environmental drivers, suggesting that these do not explain differences in their distribution. However, PIC is less sensitive to iron and more sensitive to light and mixed layer depth. Intriguingly, both PIC and POC display weak sensitivity to CO2, contrary to previous studies, possibly due to the elevated pCO2 in our data set. This research sheds light on the underlying processes influencing carbon sequestration and ocean productivity.
A Complete Chain of the Generating Processes of Ionospheric Negative Storm Over the North America
Authors: Zhai Changzhi , Cai Xuguang , Yu Tingting , Peng Wenjie , Cheng Xiaoyun , Yue Dongjie , Cai Lei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA negative ionospheric storm occurred over the North American sector on 4 November 2021. By the integration of hemispheric power (HP), Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON), Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk and global navigation satellite system total electron content (TEC) observations, a complete observation chain is obtained for the first time. At 07:11 UT, prominent energy was input into high latitudes. From 11:51 to 15:49 UT, strong southwestward neutral wind was observed by ICON over the south of North America, followed by significant ∑O/N2 depletion (60%) and temperature enhancement (∼300 K at ∼150 km). TEC depletion started at 12:00 UT in the northeastern North America and expanded to most of the United States. The TEC reduction showed the latitudinally tilted structure similar to that of ∑O/N2 depletion and temperature enhancement, which was shaped by the southwestward neutral wind. The thermosphere‐ionosphere‐electrodynamics general circulation model (TIEGCM) reproduced the observations qualitatively and was utilized to investigate the details of the negative storm generation and evolution processes. Strong equatorward wind and ∑O/N2 depletion reached the North America at midnight, much earlier than the TEC depletion, which began at sunrise. At 90°W, the time delay between TEC and ∑O/N2 depletions increased from ∼3.3 hr at 30°N to ∼11 hr at 60°N. Several factors contributed to the time delay including the time difference between midnight and sunrise, ∑O/N2 transport direction, westward wind and the variation of solar elevation angle with latitude.
Spatio-temporal mechanisms of consolidation, recall and reconsolidation in reward-related memory trace
Authors: Hamed Adam , Kursa Miron Bartosz , Mrozek Wiktoria , Piwoński Krzysztof Piotr , Falińska Monika , Danielewski Konrad , Rejmak Emilia , Włodkowska Urszula , Kubik Stepan , Czajkowski Rafał 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe formation of memories is a complex, multi-scale phenomenon, especially when it involves integration of information from various brain systems. We have investigated the differences between a novel and consolidated association of spatial cues and amphetamine administration, using an in situ hybridisation method to track the short-term dynamics during the recall testing. We have found that remote recall group involves smaller, but more consolidated groups of neurons, which is consistent with their specialisation. By employing machine learning analysis, we have shown this pattern is especially pronounced in the VTA; furthermore, we also uncovered significant activity patterns in retrosplenial and prefrontal cortices, as well as in the DG and CA3 subfields of the hippocampus. The behavioural propensity towards the associated localisation appears to be driven by the nucleus accumbens, however, further modulated by a trio of the amygdala, VTA and hippocampus, as the trained association is confronted with test experience. Moreover, chemogenetic analysis revealed central amygdala as critical for linking appetitive emotional states with spatial contexts. These results show that memory mechanisms must be modelled considering individual differences in motivation, as well as covering dynamics of the process.
Salvage therapies for biochemical recurrence after definitive local treatment: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and network meta-analysis
Authors: Matsukawa Akihiro , Yanagisawa Takafumi , Fazekas Tamas , Miszczyk Marcin , Tsuboi Ichiro , Kardoust Parizi Mehdi , Laukhtina Ekaterina , Klemm Jakob , Mancon Stefano , Mori Keiichiro , Kimura Shoji , Miki Jun , Gomez Rivas Juan , Soeterik Timo F. W. , Zilli Thomas , Tilki Derya , Joniau Steven , Kimura Takahiro , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Rajwa Pawel 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Recent advancements in the management of biochemical recurrence (BCR) following local treatment for prostate cancer (PCa), including the use of androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs), have broadened the spectrum of therapeutic options. We aimed to compare salvage therapies in patients with BCR after definitive local treatment for clinically non-metastatic PCa with curative intent.

Methods
In October 2023, we queried PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective studies reporting data on the efficacy of salvage therapies in PCa patients with BCR after radical prostatectomy (RP) or radiation therapy (RT). The primary endpoint was metastatic-free survival (MFS), and secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Results
We included 19 studies (n = 9117); six trials analyzed RT-based strategies following RP, ten trials analyzed hormone-based strategies following RP ± RT or RT alone, and three trials analyzed other agents. In a pairwise meta-analysis, adding hormone therapy to salvage RT significantly improved MFS (HR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.57–0.84, p < 0.001) compared to RT alone. Based on treatment ranking analysis, among RT-based strategies, the addition of elective nodal RT and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) was found to be the most effective in terms of MFS. On the other hand, among hormone-based strategies, enzalutamide + ADT showed the greatest benefit for both MFS and OS.

Conclusions
The combination of prostate bed RT, elective pelvic irradiation, and ADT is the preferred treatment for eligible patients with post-RP BCR based on our analysis. In remaining patients, or in case of post-RT recurrence, especially for those with high-risk BCR, the combination of ADT and ARSI should be considered.
The role of orthodontics in the prevention and management of gingival recession
Authors: Fleming ﻿Padhraig S. ,  Andrews James 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCareful management of orthodontic patients presenting with thin periodontal phenotype is paramount. Combined orthodontic-periodontal input is helpful both in terms of diagnosis and stabilisation but also to coordinate care. Well-executed orthodontics offers the potential to safeguard periodontal health but also to induce significant aesthetic improvement either in isolation or combined with increasingly predictable muco-gingival procedures.
Type 1 interferons promote Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization by inducing phagocyte apoptosis
Authors: Vozza Emilio G. , Kelly Alanna M. , Daly Clíodhna M. , O’Rourke Sinead A. , Carlile Simon R. , Morris Brenda , Dunne Aisling , McLoughlin Rachel M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus is an important human commensal which persistently colonizes up to 30% of the human population, predominantly within the nasal cavity. The commensal lifestyle of S. aureus is complex, and the mechanisms underpinning colonization are not fully understood. S. aureus can induce an immunosuppressive environment in the nasal tissue (NT) by driving IL-10 and IL-27 to facilitate nasal colonization, indicating that S. aureus has the capacity to modulate the local immune environment for its commensal habitation. Mounting evidence suggests commensal bacteria drive type 1 interferons (IFN-I) to establish an immunosuppressive environment and whilst S. aureus can induce IFN-I during infection, its role in colonization has not yet been examined. Here, we show that S. aureus preferentially induces IFN signaling in macrophages. This IFN-I in turn upregulates expression of proapoptotic genes within macrophages culminating in caspase-3 cleavage. Importantly, S. aureus was found to drive phagocytic cell apoptosis in the nasal tissue during nasal colonization in an IFN-I dependent manner with colonization significantly reduced under caspase-3 inhibition. Overall, loss of IFN-I signaling significantly diminished S. aureus nasal colonization implicating a pivotal role for IFN-I in controlling S. aureus persistence during colonization through its ability to induce phagocyte apoptosis. Together, this study reveals a novel strategy utilized by S. aureus to circumvent host immunity in the nasal mucosa to facilitate nasal colonization.
Ultrasound biomicroscopy qualitative and quantitative signs of phacoantigenic uveitis
Authors: Pichi Francesco , Qadha Khalid , Almasri Khaled , AlAli Sahar , Neri Piergiorgio 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background/objective
To describe the ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) diagnostic features in patients suspected of experiencing chronic inflammation due to phacoantigenic uveitis

Subjects/methods
This single-center study enrolled patients referred to the Uveitis Department of Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi for chronic anterior uveitis and traumatic cataract. Patients’ demographics, causes and dates of the inciting traumatic event, and ophthalmic findings were recorded. 20-MHz UBM assessment of the status of the anterior capsule and the crystalline lens was performed. Then, cataract surgery was performed using a single technique. Comparison of the anterior capsule and lens status by clinical, UBM, and intraoperative evaluation.

Results
Forty eyes with phacoantigenic uveitis were considered. The slit-lamp examination could identify interruption of the anterior capsule in 20% of the eyes and liquefied sinking lens material in 10%. An intra-operative defect in the anterior capsule was documented in 87.5% of eyes. UBM imaging showed anterior capsule irregularity in 63.3% of eyes and confirmed the presence of anterior capsule defects in 47.5% and lens matter herniating into the anterior chamber in 15%. Hypoechogenic lacunae within the cataractous lens were detected in 12.5% of eyes. For UBM, sensitivity and specificity values were 82.86% (95% CI: 66.35–93.44) and 100% (95% CI: 47.82–100), respectively. Positive and negative predictive values for UBM were 100% (95% CI: 88.06–100) and 45.45% (95% CI: 28.69–63.32), respectively. The overall diagnostic accuracy of UBM was 85% [95% CI: 70.16–94.29].

Conclusion
Ultrasound Biomicroscopy (UBM) is essential for assessing suspected anterior capsule ruptures in phacoantigenic uveitis cases.
Simultaneous profiling of RNA isoforms and chromatin accessibility of single cells of human retinal organoids
Authors: Zhang Shuyao , Xiao Yuhua , Mo Xinzhi , Chen Xu , Zhong Jiawei , Chen Zheyao , Liu Xu , Qiu Yuanhui , Dai Wangxuan , Chen Jia , Jin Xishan , Fan Guoping , Hu Youjin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSingle-cell multi-omics sequencing is a powerful approach to analyze complex mechanisms underlying neuronal development and regeneration. However, current methods lack the ability to simultaneously profile RNA alternative splicing and chromatin accessibility at the single-cell level. We develop a technique, single-cell RNA isoform and chromatin accessibility sequencing (scRICA-seq), which demonstrates higher sensitivity and cost-effectiveness compared to existing methods. scRICA-seq can profile both isoforms and chromatin accessibility for up to 10,000 single cells in a single run. Applying this method to human retinal organoids, we construct a multi-omic cell atlas and reveal associations between chromatin accessibility, isoform expression of fate-determining factors, and alternative splicing events in their binding sites. This study provides insights into integrating epigenetics, transcription, and RNA splicing to elucidate the mechanisms underlying retinal neuronal development and fate determination.
Hidden magnetism and split off flat bands in the insulator metal transition in VO2
Authors: Zhang Xiuwen , Xiong Jia-Xin , Zunger Alex 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTransition metal d-electron oxides with an odd number of electrons per unit cell are expected to form metals with partially occupied energy bands, but exhibit in fact a range of behaviors, being either insulators, or metals, or having insulator-metal transitions. Traditional explanations involved predominantly electron-electron interactions in fixed structural symmetry. The present work focuses instead on the role of symmetry breaking local structural motifs. Viewing the previously observed V-V dimerization in VO2 as a continuous knob, reveals in density functional calculations the splitting of an isolated flat band from the broad conduction band. This leads past a critical percent dimerization to the formation of the insulating phase while lowering the total energy. In VO2 this transition is found to have a rather low energy barrier approaching the thermal energy at room temperature, suggesting energy-efficient switching in neuromorphic computing. Interestingly, sufficient V-V dimerization suppresses magnetism, leading to the nonmagnetic insulating state, whereas magnetism appears when dimerization is reduced, forming a metallic state. This study opens the way to design novel functional quantum materials with symmetry breaking-induced flat bands.
Synergistic effect of Pseudomonas putida and endomycorrhizal inoculation on the physiological response of onion (Allium cepa L.) to saline conditions
Authors: El-Aal Mona S. Abd , Farag Hanaa R. M. , Elbar Ola H. Abd , Zayed Mona S. , Khalifa Gamal S. , Abdellatif Yasmin M. R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSalinity stress negatively affects the growth and yield of crops worldwide. Onion (Allium cepa L.) is moderately sensitive to salinity. Beneficial microorganisms can potentially confer salinity tolerance. This study investigated the effects of endomycorrhizal fungi (M), Pseudomonas putida (Ps) and their combination (MPs) on onion growth under control (0 ppm), moderate (2000 ppm) and high (4000 ppm) NaCl salinity levels. A pot experiment was conducted with sandy loam soil and onion cultivar Giza 20. Results showed that salinity reduced growth attributes, leaf pigments, biomass and bulb yield while increasing oxidative stress markers. However, individual or combined inoculations significantly increased plant height, bulb diameter and biomass production compared to uninoculated plants under saline conditions. MPs treatment provided the highest stimulation, followed by Pseudomonas and mycorrhizae alone. Overall, dual microbial inoculation showed synergistic interaction, conferring maximum benefits for onion growth, bulbing through integrated physiological and biochemical processes under salinity. Bulb yield showed 3.5, 36 and 83% increase over control at 0, 2000 and 4000 ppm salinity, respectively. In conclusion, combined application of mycorrhizal-Pseudomonas inoculations (MPs) effectively mitigate salinity stress. This approach serves as a promising biotechnology for ensuring sustainable onion productivity under saline conditions.
Evaluation of an integration community project for asylum seekers in Sweden: physical activity adherence and changes in character traits and life satisfaction
Authors: Guerra Matheus , Berglind Daniel , Kazemitabar Maryam , Lindskär Erik , Schütz Erica , Dias Casimiro , Garcia Danilo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAsylum seekers’ traumatic experiences in combination with discrimination, social isolation, and exclusion in the host country leads to low adherence from health and integration initiatives. Along with their inability to seek health care and physical inactivity, this situation increases their mental illness and, most importantly, decreases their well-being. In fact, the lack of well-being (e.g., life satisfaction) is a better marker of mortality and morbidity than the presence of mental illness. In this context, one of the major single determinants of well-being is character, a dimension of personality that stands for self-regulation, adaptation, and intentional conscious behavior (i.e., goals and values). Host countries often implement integration initiatives including activities aiming to attenuate mental illness, but only a handful are evaluated and reported, with even fewer addressing character development, increases in life satisfaction, or adherence. Our aim was to evaluate the integration initiative “Health for Everyone—Sport, Culture, and Integration”, a 10-week physical activity community project. Specifically, we investigated changes in life satisfaction and character traits (i.e., Self-Directedness, Cooperativeness, and Self-Transcendence) and if these variables, at baseline, predicted adherence and changes in physiological health (i.e., cardiorespiratory fitness, skeletal muscle mass, body fat mass, and visceral fat). Participants (n = 269) answered (pre and post measurements) the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Short Character Inventory, and undertook physiological tests. In addition, their attendance to the physical activity sessions was registered throughout the project (i.e., adherence). Participants showed no significant increases in Self-Directedness, Cooperativeness, or life satisfaction, but significant decreases in Self-Transcendence. Moreover, higher life satisfaction and lower Self-Transcendence at baseline predicted higher adherence to the activity. However, neither character traits nor life satisfaction predicted changes in physiological health. We argue that low frequency physical activity initiatives may improve this population’s physical health because participants probably have a sedentary life and low levels of physical health due to their asylum conditions (e.g., unemployment, low income, poor housing and social network). Furthermore, physical activity per se may not improve the well-being of asylum seekers. Hence, promoting well-being and character development might require person-centered initiatives focusing on the whole individual in order to fit programmes to the needs and life situation of this population.
Can social media encourage diabetes self-screenings? A randomized controlled trial with Indonesian Facebook users
Authors: Fritz Manuela , Grimm Michael , Weber Ingmar , Yom-Tov Elad , Praditya Benedictus 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNudging individuals without obvious symptoms of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) to undergo a health screening remains a challenge, especially in middle-income countries, where NCD awareness is low but the incidence is high. We assess whether an awareness campaign implemented on Facebook can encourage individuals in Indonesia to undergo an online diabetes self-screening. We use Facebook’s advertisement function to randomly distribute graphical ads related to the risk and consequences of diabetes. Depending on their risk score, participants receive a recommendation to undergo a professional screening. We were able to reach almost 300,000 individuals in only three weeks. More than 1400 individuals completed the screening, inducing costs of about US$0.75 per person. The two ads labeled “diabetes consequences” and “shock” outperform all other ads. A follow-up survey shows that many high-risk respondents have scheduled a professional screening. A cost-effectiveness analysis suggests that our campaign can diagnose an additional person with diabetes for about US$9.
Global economic impact of weather variability on the rich and the poor
Authors: Quante Lennart , Willner Sven N. , Otto Christian , Levermann Anders 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTemperature and precipitation variability and extremes impact production globally. These production disruptions will change with future warming, impacting consumers locally as well as remotely through supply chains. Due to a potentially nonlinear economic response, trade impacts are difficult to quantify; empirical assessments rather focus on the direct inequality impacts of weather extremes. Here, simulating global economic interactions of profit-maximizing firms and utility-optimizing consumers, we assess risks to consumption resulting from weather-induced production disruptions along supply chains. Across countries, risks are highest for middle-income countries due to unfavourable trade dependence and seasonal climate exposure. We also find that risks increase in most countries under future climate change. Global warming increases consumer risks locally and through supply chains. However, high-income consumers face the greatest risk increase. Overall, risks are heterogeneous regarding income within and between countries, such that targeted local and global resilience building may reduce them.
Ligand requirements for immunoreceptor triggering
Authors: Barton Michael I. , Paterson Rachel L. , Denham Eleanor M. , Goyette Jesse , van der Merwe Philip Anton 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLeukocytes interact with other cells using cell surface receptors. The largest group of such receptors are non-catalytic tyrosine phosphorylated receptors (NTRs), also called immunoreceptors. NTR signalling requires phosphorylation of cytoplasmic tyrosine residues by SRC-family tyrosine kinases. How ligand binding to NTRs induces this phosphorylation, also called NTR triggering, remains controversial, with roles suggested for size-based segregation, clustering, and mechanical force. Here we exploit a recently developed cell-surface generic ligand system to explore the ligand requirements for NTR triggering. We examine the effect of varying the ligand’s length, mobility and valency on the activation of representative members of four NTR families: SIRPβ1, Siglec 14, NKp44 and TREM-1. Increasing the ligand length impairs activation via NTRs, despite enhancing cell-cell conjugation, while varying ligand mobility has little effect on either conjugation or activation. Increasing the valency of the ligand, while enhancing cell-cell conjugation, does not enhance activation at equivalent levels of conjugation. These findings are more consistent with a role for size-based segregation, rather than mechanical force or clustering, in NTR triggering, suggesting a role for the kinetic-segregation model.