bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arctic (in)security and Indigenous peoples: Comparing Inuit in Canada and Sámi in Norway
Authors: Greaves Wilfrid 
Published: September 2016

While international relations has increasingly begun to recognize the political salience of Indigenous peoples, the related field of security studies has not significantly incorporated Indigenous peoples either theoretically or empirically. This article helps to address this gap by comparing two Arctic Indigenous peoples – Inuit in Canada and Sámi in Norway – as ‘securitizing actors’ within their respective states. It examines how organizations representing Inuit and Sámi each articulate the meaning of security in the circumpolar Arctic region. It finds that Inuit representatives have framed environmental and social challenges as security issues, identifying a conception of Arctic security that emphasizes environmental protection, preservation of cultural identity, and maintenance of Indigenous political autonomy. While there are some similarities between the two, Sámi generally do not employ securitizing language to discuss environmental and social issues, rarely characterizing them as existential issues threatening their survival or wellbeing. Drawing on securitization theory, this article proposes three factors to explain why Inuit have sought to construct serious challenges in the Arctic as security issues while Sámi have not: ecological differences between the Canadian and Norwegian Arctic regions, and resulting differences in experience of environmental change; the relative degree of social inclusion of Inuit and Sámi within their non-Indigenous majority societies; and geography, particularly the proximity of Norway to Russia, which results in a more robust conception of national security that restricts space for alternative, non-state security discourses. This article thus links recent developments in security studies and international relations with key trends in Indigenous politics, environmental change, and the geopolitics of the Arctic region.
Determining the cost of implementing and operating a remote patient monitoring programme for the elderly with chronic conditions: A systematic review of economic evaluations
Authors: Peretz Daniel , Arnaert Antonia , Ponzoni Norma N 
Published: September 2016

Introduction Remote patient monitoring (RPM) in conjunction with home nursing visits is becoming increasingly popular for the follow-up of patients with chronic conditions and evidence exists that it improves patients’ health outcomes. Current cost data is reported inconsistently and often gathered from studies of poor methodological quality, making it difficult for decision-makers who consider implementing this service in their organizations. This study reviewed the cost of RPM programmes targeting elderly patients with chronic conditions. Methods After evaluation against the inclusion and exclusion criteria and appraisal against two criteria which are important for economic evaluations, data from selected studies were extracted and grouped into meaningful cost categories, then adjusted to reflect November 2015 US dollars. Results In the 13 selected studies, the newly-created cost category ‘Combined intervention cost’ (reflecting equipment purchasing, servicing and monitoring cost) for the various RPM programmes ranged from US$275–US$7963 per patient per year. The three main findings are: (a) RPM programme costs have decreased since 2004 due to cheaper technology; (b) monitoring a single vital sign is likely to be less costly than monitoring multiple vital signs; and (c) programmes targeting hypertension or congestive heart failure are less costly than those targeting respiratory diseases or multiple conditions. Conclusions This review recommends that future studies present their cost data with more granularity, that grouping of costs should be minimized and that any assumptions, such as amortization, should be made explicit. In addition, studies should compare programmes with similar characteristics in terms of type of conditions, number of vital signs monitored, etc. for more generalizable results.
Asynchronous interpretation of manual and automated audiometry: Agreement and reliability
Authors: Brennan-Jones Christopher G , Eikelboom Robert H , Bennett Rebecca J , Tao Karina FM , Swanepoel De Wet 
Published: September 2016

Introduction Remote interpretation of automated audiometry offers the potential to enable asynchronous tele-audiology assessment and diagnosis in areas where synchronous tele-audiometry may not be possible or practical. The aim of this study was to compare remote interpretation of manual and automated audiometry. Methods Five audiologists each interpreted manual and automated audiograms obtained from 42 patients. The main outcome variable was the audiologist’s recommendation for patient management (which included treatment recommendations, referral or discharge) between the manual and automated audiometry test. Cohen’s Kappa and Krippendorff’s Alpha were used to calculate and quantify the intra- and inter-observer agreement, respectively, and McNemar’s test was used to assess the audiologist-rated accuracy of audiograms. Audiograms were randomised and audiologists were blinded as to whether they were interpreting a manual or automated audiogram. Results Intra-observer agreement was substantial for management outcomes when comparing interpretations for manual and automated audiograms. Inter-observer agreement was moderate between clinicians for determining management decisions when interpreting both manual and automated audiograms. Audiologists were 2.8 times more likely to question the accuracy of an automated audiogram compared to a manual audiogram. Discussion There is a lack of agreement between audiologists when interpreting audiograms, whether recorded with automated or manual audiometry. The main variability in remote audiogram interpretation is likely to be individual clinician variation, rather than automation.
Clinical and Functional Impact of Hypogastric Artery Exclusion During EVAR
Authors: Mansour Wassim , Capoccia Laura , Sirignano Pasqualino , Montelione Nunzio , Pranteda Chiara , Formiconi Martina , Sbarigia Enrico , Speziale Francesco 
Published: September 2016

Purpose: Hypogastric artery (HA) revascularization during endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is still open to debate. Moreover, exclusion-related complication rates reported in literature are not negligible. The aim of this study is to present and analyze the outcomes in patients undergoing EVAR with exclusion of 1 or both HAs at our academic center. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed our results in patients submitted to EVAR and needing HA exclusion, in terms of perioperative (30-day) and follow-up rates of intestinal and spinal cord ischemia, buttock claudication, buttock skin necrosis, and sexual dysfunction. Results: From January 2008 to December 2014, a total of 527 patients underwent elective standard infrarenal EVAR; among those 104 (19.7%) had iliac involvement needing HA exclusion. In 73 patients with unilateral iliac involvement (70.1%, group UH), many single HAs were excluded. Thirty-one patients (29.9%) had bilateral iliac involvement (group BH), of which 16 (51.6%) had 1 HA excluded with revascularization of the contralateral one (group BHR); in the remaining 15 patients (48.4%) both HAs were excluded (group BHE). No 30-day or follow-up aneurysm-related mortality, intestinal, or spinal cord ischemia were recorded. At 30 days, skin necrosis was observed in 2 patients. Buttock claudication and sexual dysfunction rates were significantly greater in group BHE than in group BHR ( P < .05). At a mean 18.6 months follow-up (range: 4-47), buttock claudication and sexual dysfunction rates in group BHE were persistently higher than that in groups UH and BHR ( P < .05); HA coil embolization was significantly associated with buttock claudication and sexual dysfunction ( P < .05). Conclusions: Whenever anatomically feasible, at least 1 HA should be salvaged in case of bilateral involvement. In case of unilateral HA exclusion, the rate of complications is not negligible. Coil embolization is related to a higher complication rate.
End-of-Life Care for Hispanic Children
Authors: Lindley Lisa C. , Trujillo Laura V. 
Published: September 2016

Introduction: More than 8,000 Hispanic children die annually in the United States; yet little is known about the end-of-life care utilized. The purpose of this study was to examine the children and family characteristics associated with end-of-life care for Hispanic children. Method: A sample of 370 Hispanic children was created, using the 2009-2010 California Medicaid data. The relationship between child and family characteristics and end-of-life care utilization (i.e., hospice enrollment, emergency room utilization, hospital admissions) was analyzed using multivariate regression. Results: Pediatric hospice accessibility ( p < .05), palliative care policy ( p < .01), congenital anomalies ( p < .01), and cardiovascular conditions ( p < .01) were related to hospice enrollment. Usual source of care ( p < .001), functional status ( p < .001), palliative care policy ( p < .01), and private insurance ( p < .01) were associated with emergency room utilization, while usual source of care ( p < .001), cancer ( p < .001), and disability status ( p < .01) corresponded with hospital admissions. Conclusion: Nursing practices aimed at engaging Hispanic families in their community are critical to end-of-life care utilization for Hispanic children.
Methods and tools used by healthcare professionals to identify barriers to return-to-work for workers with upper extremity conditions in Australia
Authors: Peters Susan E , Johnston Venerina 
Published: September 2016

Introduction Healthcare professionals, including hand therapists, are frequently called upon to identify barriers to return-to-work for workers with upper extremity injuries. However, the methods and tools used to assess barriers to return-to-work remain unknown. Results from these assessments can be used to direct appropriate interventions for those who may be at risk of a prolonged work absence. Methods The purpose of this study was to identify the tools and methods used by healthcare professionals to assess barriers to return-to-work for workers with upper extremity conditions. A total of 596 Australian healthcare professionals responded to an open-ended question regarding the tools/methods they use to identify barriers to return-to-work. All responses were coded and analysed descriptively. Differences between professional disciplines were recorded. Results Healthcare professionals nominated 59 types of tools and methods that they use to identify barriers to return-to-work for workers with upper extremity conditions in their clinical practice. The most favoured method was clinical interviewing. Other commonly used tools were clinical measures, e.g., strength, and a return-to-work risk-factor screening tool validated on musculoskeletal diagnoses, the Orebro Musculoskeletal Screening Questionnaire. Discussion Healthcare professionals use a variety of methods and tools to identify barriers to return-to-work for workers with upper extremity conditions. Generally, they favoured subjective methods. Future research is needed to develop or validate assessment tools designed to identify barriers to return-to-work for workers with upper extremity conditions. In the absence of upper extremity specific screening tools, hand therapists should consider the biopsychosocial framework when evaluating barriers to return-to-work.
Freiberg’s Infarction Treated With Metatarsal Shortening Osteotomy, Marrow Stimulation, and Micronized Allograft Cartilage Matrix: A Case Report
Authors: Desai Sarang 
Published: September 2016

Freiberg’s infarction is a well-known condition that most commonly effects the second metatarsophalangeal joint. The etiology of Freiberg’s infarction is not entirely clear and there is no consensus on treatment. The case report presents a patient successfully treated with a metatarsal shortening osteotomy, marrow stimulation, and micronized allograft cartilage matrix. This is to my knowledge the first reported case using the described technique for Freiberg’s infarction. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level V: Expert opinion
Delayed Type IIIb endoleak secondary to graft fabric tear 7 years following implantation of a Medtronic Talent endovascular aortic device: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Kansal Vinay , Nagpal Sudhir 
Published: September 2016

Objectives: To report a rare case of delayed Type IIIb endoleak secondary to fabric tear following implantation of a Medtronic Talent endovascular device. Methods: A 83-year old gentleman underwent elective endovascular aneurysm repair for infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm with a Medtronic bifurcated stent graft in 2008. Results: Seven years after the initial repair, imaging surveillance revealed significant endoleak and brisk aneurysm sac expansion due to Type IIIb endoleak secondary to endograft limb fabric tear. Conclusions: This case illustrates the imperative role of imaging surveillance in detection of long-term endovascular aneurysm repair complications. Furthermore, we discuss exclusion of the graft tear with aortouniiliac stent grafting as the treatment for this complication.
Dynamic Simulation of the Effects of Graft Fixation Errors During Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Elias John J. , Kelly Michael J. , Smith Kathryn E. , Gall Kenneth A. , Farr Jack 
Published: September 2016

Background: Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction is performed to prevent recurrent instability, but errors in femoral fixation can elevate graft tension. Hypothesis: Errors related to femoral fixation will overconstrain the patella and increase medial patellofemoral pressures. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Five knees with patellar instability were represented with computational models. Kinematics during knee extension were characterized from computational reconstruction of motion performed within a dynamic computed tomography (CT) scanner. Multibody dynamic simulation of knee extension, with discrete element analysis used to quantify contact pressures, was performed for the preoperative condition and after MPFL reconstruction. A standard femoral attachment and graft resting length were set for each knee. The resting length was decreased by 2 mm, and the femoral attachment was shifted 5 mm posteriorly. The simulated errors were also combined. Root-mean-square errors were quantified for the comparison of preoperative patellar lateral shift and tilt between computationally reconstructed motion and dynamic simulation. Simulation output was compared between the preoperative and MPFL reconstruction conditions with repeated-measures Friedman tests and Dunnett comparisons against a control, which was the standard MPFL condition, with statistical significance set at P < .05. Results: Root-mean-square errors for simulated patellar tilt and shift were 5.8° and 3.3 mm, respectively. Patellar lateral tracking for the preoperative condition was significantly larger near full extension compared with the standard MPFL reconstruction (mean differences of 8 mm and 13° for shift and tilt, respectively, at 0°), and lateral tracking was significantly smaller for a posterior femoral attachment (mean differences of 3 mm and 4° for shift and tilt, respectively, at 0°). The maximum medial pressure was also larger for the short graft with a posterior femoral attachment than for standard MPFL reconstruction, with a significant increase in the mean value of 1.6 MPa at 30°. Conclusion: MPFL reconstruction reduces lateral tracking, but nonanatomic femoral fixation and overtensioning the graft overcorrect patellar tracking and increase pressure applied to medial patellar cartilage. Clinical Relevance: Errors in femoral fixation and graft tensioning can lead to postoperative loss of flexion and overloading of medial cartilage.
Enhanced in utero allogeneic engraftment in mice after mobilizing fetal HSCs by α4β1/7 inhibition
Authors: Kim Aimee G. , Vrecenak Jesse D. , Boelig Matthew M. , Eissenberg Linda , Rettig Michael P. , Riley John S. , Holt Matthew S. , Conner Michael A. , Loukogeorgakis Stavros P. , Li Haiying , DiPersio John F. , Flake Alan W. , Peranteau William H. 
Published: September 2016

Key PointsCXCR4 and α4β1/7 inhibition by AMD3100 and firategrast mobilizes fetal liver HSCs with α4β1/7 inhibition having a stronger effect. Fetal HSC mobilization followed by IUHCT results in increased donor HSC homing to the FL and enhanced long-term allogeneic engraftment.
Frontline Science: Placenta-derived decidual stromal cells alter IL-2R expression and signaling in alloantigen-activated T cells
Authors: Erkers Tom , Solders Martin , Verleng Lotte , Bergström Cecilia , Stikvoort Arwen , Rane Lalit , Nava Silvia , Ringdén Olle , Kaipe Helen 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This study investigated how stromal cells affect the IL-2 pathway in alloantigen-activated T cells. We found that decidual stromal cells (DSCs) from term placentas promoted a high production of IL-2 in cultures with alloantigen-activated T cells. The intensity of expression of cluster of differentiation 25 (CD25; IL-2Rα) on T cells was increased by DSCs, whereas the frequency and intensity of expression of the signaling subunits CD122 (IL-2Rβ) and CD132 (IL-2Rγc) were reduced. Consequently, uptake of IL-2 and STAT5 phosphorylation (pSTAT5) was abrogated. DSCs also decreased the proportion of pSTAT5+ T cells in response to IL-15, which also use CD122 for signaling. Addition of DSCs to the allogeneic cultures did not increase the expression of programmed death 1 (PD-1) or CD95, indicating that they did not promote T cell exhaustion. However, exogenous recombinant (r)IL-2 in similar concentrations in the same setting increased the expression of CD95 and down-regulated CD122 in T cells. The antiproliferative effect of sirolimus (SRL) and cyclosporine A (CsA), which target the IL-2 signaling pathway, was diminished by DSCs in vitro. To conclude, DSCs affect IL-2 production and IL-2R expression and signaling, which may contribute to the stromal cell-mediated immune modulation and phenotype shift seen in activated T cells. Altered proliferation in cultures when combining DSCs and SRL or CsA may be of clinical importance, as stromal cells are used in trials for acute inflammation and are often used in combination with conventional immunosuppressive therapies.
Guidelines for the Management of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury, Fourth Edition
Authors: Carney Nancy , Totten Annette M. , O'Reilly Cindy , Ullman Jamie S. , Hawryluk Gregory W.J. , Bell Michael J. , Bratton Susan L. , Chesnut Randall , Harris Odette A. , Kissoon Niranjan , Rubiano Andres M. , Shutter Lori , Tasker Robert C. , Vavilala Monica S. , Wilberger Jack , Wright David W. , Ghajar Jamshid 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The scope and purpose of this work is 2-fold: to synthesize the available evidence and to translate it into recommendations. This document provides recommendations only when there is evidence to support them. As such, they do not constitute a complete protocol for clinical use. Our intention is that these recommendations be used by others to develop treatment protocols, which necessarily need to incorporate consensus and clinical judgment in areas where current evidence is lacking or insufficient. We think it is important to have evidence-based recommendations to clarify what aspects of practice currently can and cannot be supported by evidence, to encourage use of evidence-based treatments that exist, and to encourage creativity in treatment and research in areas where evidence does not exist. The communities of neurosurgery and neuro-intensive care have been early pioneers and supporters of evidence-based medicine and plan to continue in this endeavor. The complete guideline document, which summarizes and evaluates the literature for each topic, and supplemental appendices (A-I) are available online at https://www.braintrauma.org/coma/guidelines.
Photoreception and vision in the ultraviolet
Authors: Cronin Thomas W. , Bok Michael J. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTUltraviolet (UV) light occupies the spectral range of wavelengths slightly shorter than those visible to humans. Because of its shorter wavelength, it is more energetic (and potentially more photodamaging) than ‘visible light’, and it is scattered more efficiently in air and water. Until 1990, only a few animals were recognized as being sensitive to UV light, but we now know that a great diversity, possibly even the majority, of animal species can visually detect and respond to it. Here, we discuss the history of research on biological UV photosensitivity and review current major research trends in this field. Some animals use their UV photoreceptors to control simple, innate behaviors, but most incorporate their UV receptors into their general sense of vision. They not only detect UV light but recognize it as a separate color in light fields, on natural objects or living organisms, or in signals displayed by conspecifics. UV visual pigments are based on opsins, the same family of proteins that are used to detect light in conventional photoreceptors. Despite some interesting exceptions, most animal species have a single photoreceptor class devoted to the UV. The roles of UV in vision are manifold, from guiding navigation and orientation behavior, to detecting food and potential predators, to supporting high-level tasks such as mate assessment and intraspecific communication. Our current understanding of UV vision is restricted almost entirely to two phyla: arthropods and chordates (specifically, vertebrates), so there is much comparative work to be done.
Spatial learning in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis: preference for vertical over horizontal information
Authors: Scatà Gabriella , Jozet-Alves Christelle , Thomasse Céline , Josef Noam , Shashar Nadav 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
The world is three-dimensional; hence, even surface-bound animals need to learn vertical spatial information. Separate encoding of vertical and horizontal spatial information seems to be the common strategy regardless of the locomotory style of animals. However, a difference seems to exist in the way freely moving species, such as fish, learn and integrate spatial information as opposed to surface-bound species, which prioritize the horizontal dimension and encode it with a higher resolution. Thus, the locomotory style of an animal may shape how spatial information is learned and prioritized. An alternative hypothesis relates the preference for vertical information to the ability to sense hydrostatic pressure, a prominent cue unique to this dimension. Cuttlefish are mostly benthic animals, but they can move freely in a volume. Therefore, they present an optimal model to examine these hypotheses. We tested whether cuttlefish could separately recall the vertical and horizontal components of a learned two-dimensional target, and whether they have a preference for vertical or horizontal information. Sepia officinalis cuttlefish were trained to select one of two visual cues set along a 45 deg diagonal. The animals were then tested with the two visual cues arranged in a horizontal, vertical or opposite 45 deg configuration. We found that cuttlefish use vertical and horizontal spatial cues separately, and that they prefer vertical information to horizontal information. We propose that, as in fish, the availability of hydrostatic pressure, combined with the ecological value of vertical movements, determines the importance of vertical information.