bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyrimidine containing epidermal growth factor receptor kinase inhibitors: Synthesis and biological evaluation
Authors: Joshi Gaurav , Nayyar Himanshu , Kalra Sourav , Sharma Praveen , Munshi Anjana , Singh Sandeep , Kumar Raj 
Published: May 2017

Structure‐based design and synthesis of pyrimidine containing reversible epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors 1a–d are reported. The compounds (1a–d) inhibited the EGFR kinase activity in vitro with IC50 range 740 nm to 3 μm. mRNA expression of EGFR downstream target genes, that is twist, c‐fos and aurora were found to be altered upon treatment with compounds 1a–d. The compounds 1a–d exhibited excellent anticancer activity at low micromolar level (3.2–9 μm) in lung, colon and breast cancer cell lines. Furthermore, compounds induced the alteration in mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species level and. Selected compound 1b was found to increase sub‐G1 population indicative of cell death, the mode of cell death was apoptotic as evident from Annexin V verses propidium iodide assay. Molecular modelling further helped to investigate the binding recognition pattern of the compounds in ATP binding EGFR domain similar to erlotinib and dissimilar to WZ4002.
Approximating Planar Conformal Maps Using Regular Polygonal Meshes
Authors: Chen Renjie , Gotsman Craig 
Published: May 2017

AbstractContinuous conformal maps are typically approximated numerically using a triangle mesh which discretizes the plane. Computing a conformal map subject to user‐provided constraints then reduces to a sparse linear system, minimizing a quadratic ‘conformal energy’. We address the more general case of non‐triangular elements, and provide a complete analysis of the case where the plane is discretized using a mesh of regular polygons, e.g. equilateral triangles, squares and hexagons, whose interiors are mapped using barycentric coordinate functions. We demonstrate experimentally that faster convergence to continuous conformal maps may be obtained this way. We provide a formulation of the problem and its solution using complex number algebra, significantly simplifying the notation. We examine a number of common barycentric coordinate functions and demonstrate that superior approximation to harmonic coordinates of a polygon are achieved by the Moving Least Squares coordinates. We also provide a simple iterative algorithm to invert barycentric maps of regular polygon meshes, allowing to apply them in practical applications, e.g. for texture mapping.
Anterior single implants with different neck designs: 5 Year results of a randomized clinical trial
Authors: den Hartog Laurens , Meijer Henny J. A. , Vissink Arjan , Raghoebar Gerry M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe design of the implant neck might be significant for preservation of marginal bone.PurposeTo compare the 5‐year radiographic and clinical outcome of single anterior implants provided with a smooth neck, a rough neck or a scalloped rough neck.Materials and Methods93 Patients with a missing anterior tooth in the maxilla were included. At random, patients received an implant with a 1.5 mm smooth neck (“smooth group”), a rough neck with grooves (“rough group”) or a scalloped rough neck with grooves (“scalloped group”). Implants were installed in healed sites. Follow‐up visits were conducted after final crown delivery and 1 year and 5 years later.ResultsScalloped implants showed significantly more initial marginal bone resorption. The total amount of bone loss was 1.26 ± 0.90 mm in the smooth group, 1.20 ± 1.1 mm in the rough group and 2.28 ± 0.97 mm in the scalloped group (P < .05). Survival rates were 96.2% for the smooth and scalloped group and 100% for the rough group. Scalloped implants showed deeper pocket depths, more bleeding and more technical complications. There were no differences in esthetic outcome nor in patient satisfaction.ConclusionsFor anterior single tooth replacements, scalloped implants show less favorable radiographic and clinical outcome compared to regular implants with a smooth neck or rough neck.
Development of a clinical trials version of the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life‐Lite questionnaire (IWQOL‐Lite Clinical Trials Version): results from two qualitative studies
Authors: Kolotkin R. L. , Ervin C. M. , Meincke H. H. , Højbjerre L. , Fehnel S. E. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryExisting measures of health‐related quality of life and patient functioning in obesity, such as the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life‐Lite (IWQOL‐Lite) questionnaire, lack the developmental rigour required by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to support product labelling. Two iterative qualitative studies informed development of a version of the IWQOL‐Lite questionnaire optimized for use in obesity clinical trials: the IWQOL‐Lite Clinical Trials Version. Study 1 included 42 patients with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg m−2 (obesity); and Study 2 included 29 patients with type 2 diabetes and BMI ≥ 27 kg m−2 (overweight). Candidate items were selected and/or modified from the IWQOL‐Lite or developed de novo based on concept elicitation and cognitive debriefing interviews, as well as input from clinical experts and the FDA. Participants consistently reported that excess weight limited physical activity and comfort, energy/stamina and self‐confidence/self‐esteem. Impacts on emotional, social and sexual functioning, as well as productivity and overall health, were also reported. Each concept addressed in the 22‐item pilot IWQOL‐Lite Clinical Trials Version was consistently reported as salient and likely to change with 10% weight loss. Data from ongoing and planned clinical trials will be used to finalize and conduct psychometric evaluations of the pilot measure in several patient populations.
Development co‐operation: New perspectives from developing countries – Introduction for special issue of Development Policy Review
Authors: Pickering Jonathan , Davies Robin , Prizzon Annalisa 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe nature of development co‐operation has changed rapidly in recent years. Developing countries have access to a more diverse range of financing sources, including non‐traditional providers of bilateral development co‐operation, new or emerging multilateral and regional institutions, philanthropic organizations and private investors. These changes raise pressing questions about how the policies and practices of external providers of development finance must evolve, both to meet changing development priorities and to ensure that the overall development assistance effort from all providers is optimal. This article introduces a special issue of Development Policy Review that presents new perspectives from developing countries on the roles that development finance should play. This introduction highlights commonalities and differences among the articles contained in the special issue, and concludes with next steps for research and policy.
Incidence, characteristics, and outcome of solitary plasmacytoma and plasma cell leukemia. Population‐based data from the Swedish Myeloma Register
Authors: Nahi Hareth , Genell Anna , Wålinder Göran , Uttervall Katarina , Juliusson Gunnar , Karin Forsberg , Hansson Markus , Svensson Ronald , Linder Olle , Carlson Kristina , Björkstrand Bo , Kristinsson Sigurdur Y. , Mellqvist Ulf Henrik , Blimark Cecilie , Turesson Ingemar 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSolitary plasmacytoma (SP) and plasma cell leukemia (PCL) are uncommon (3‐6%) types of plasma cell disease. The risk of progression to symptomatic multiple myeloma (MM) is probably important for the outcome of SP. PCL is rare and has a dismal outcome. In this study, we report on incidence and survival in PCL/SP, and progression to MM in SP, using the prospective observational Swedish Multiple Myeloma Register designed to document all newly diagnosed plasma cell diseases in Sweden since 2008. Both solitary bone plasmacytoma (SBP) (n=124) and extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) (n=67) have better overall survival (OS) than MM (n=3549). Progression to MM was higher in SBP than in EMP (35% and 7% at 2 years, respectively), but this did not translate into better survival in EMP. In spite of treatment developments, the OS of primary PCL is still dismal (median of 11 months, 0% at 5 years). Hence, there is a great need for diagnostic and treatment guidelines as well as prospective studies addressing the role for alternative treatment options, such as allogeneic stem cell transplantation and monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of PCL.
Decision‐tree‐based methods for differential diagnosis of β‐thalassemia trait from iron deficiency anemia
Authors: Jahangiri Mina , Khodadi Elahe , Rahim Fakher , Saki Najmaldin , Saki Malehi Amal 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSeveral discrimination indices have been proposed to distinct between β‐thalassemia trait (βTT) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA). This study is the first application of tree‐based methods for differential diagnosis of βTT from IDA. One hundred forty‐four patients with hypochromic microcytic anemia aged 18–40 years old from Ayat Hospital of Tehran were recruited. Classification and Regression tree, CHi‐squared Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID), Exhaustive CHi‐squared Automatic Interaction Detector (E‐CHAID), Quick, Unbiased, Efficient Statistical Tree (QUEST), Classification Rule with Unbiased Interaction Selection and Estimation (CRUISE), and Generalized, Unbiased, Interaction Detection and Estimation (GUIDE) have been used to discriminate the diagnosis. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was found as the main predictor in discrimination. All the mentioned tree‐based methods showed acceptable sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, Youden's index, false positive and negative rate, positive and negative predictive values and AUC in differential diagnosis of βTT from IDA. However, Classification Rule with Unbiased Interaction Selection and Estimation revealed more precise classification with an area under the curve value of 0.99. Decision‐tree‐based methods can be used to develop sensitive and accurate diagnostic methods for differentiating βTT from IDA.
Petty commodities, serious business: the governance of fashion jewellery chains between China and Ghana
Authors: HAUGEN HEIDI ØSTBØ 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn many parts of the world, people access consumer goods mainly via informal economic networks. In this article, I analyse the governance of petty commodity chains through a case study of Chinese fashion jewellery produced for the Ghanaian market. ‘Petty commodity chains’ denotes a particular type of global value chain, where production, trade, and distribution are carried out by small, unregistered businesses, between which personalized relationships and informal infrastructure enable transactions. These chains are neither controlled by lead firms at the production or distribution ends, nor made up of pure market linkages. Weak formal institutions and an intensely competitive commercial environment encourage business actors to establish enduring relationships. Credit relations run through long stretches of the chain and create mutual dependencies. The concept of ‘beholden value chains’ is introduced to describe the co‐dependency between business actors and the coordination of activities in petty commodity chains.
Governance and upgrading in South–South value chains: evidence from the cashew industries in India and Ivory Coast
Authors: TESSMANN JANNES 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIndia, the world's largest processor of cashew kernels, depends heavily on imports of raw cashew nuts (RCNs), primarily sourced from Ivory Coast. While the Ivorian processing industry is still in its infancy, in the last decade domestic cashew factories have rapidly increased their capacity. This study is an exploration of how the cashew value chain is organized and what this implies for upgrading prospects in the Ivorian cashew sector. Its findings suggest that the cashew value chain is characterized by a bipolar governance structure comprising a trader‐driven segment between Ivorian farms and Indian processors, and a buyer‐driven segment that links processors to Northern end markets. The results are consistent with studies that describe South–South value chains as being less tightly controlled, with a decreased significance of quality related standards and lower entry barriers than those chains feeding into Northern end markets. Inter‐firm linkages in the Indo–Ivorian RCN channel provide few opportunities for product and functional upgrading of RCN suppliers. Considerable institutional support is needed to overcome the barriers to Ivorian firms' direct participation in the North–South value chain for processed kernels.
Scenario Evaluator for Electrical Resistivity Survey Pre‐modeling Tool
Authors: Terry Neil , Day‐Lewis Frederick D. , Robinson Judith L. , Slater Lee D. , Halford Keith , Binley Andrew , Lane John W. , Werkema Dale 
Published: May 2017

AbstractGeophysical tools have much to offer users in environmental, water resource, and geotechnical fields; however, techniques such as electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) are often oversold and/or overinterpreted due to a lack of understanding of the limitations of the techniques, such as the appropriate depth intervals or resolution of the methods. The relationship between ERI data and resistivity is nonlinear; therefore, these limitations depend on site conditions and survey design and are best assessed through forward and inverse modeling exercises prior to field investigations. In this approach, proposed field surveys are first numerically simulated given the expected electrical properties of the site, and the resulting hypothetical data are then analyzed using inverse models. Performing ERI forward/inverse modeling, however, requires substantial expertise and can take many hours to implement. We present a new spreadsheet‐based tool, the Scenario Evaluator for Electrical Resistivity (SEER), which features a graphical user interface that allows users to manipulate a resistivity model and instantly view how that model would likely be interpreted by an ERI survey. The SEER tool is intended for use by those who wish to determine the value of including ERI to achieve project goals, and is designed to have broad utility in industry, teaching, and research.
Heuristic and exact algorithms for product configuration in software product lines
Authors: Pereira Juliana Alves , Maciel Lucas , Noronha Thiago F. , Figueiredo Eduardo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSoftware product line (SPL) is a set of software applications that share a common set of features satisfying the specific needs of a particular market segment. SPL engineering is a paradigm to develop software applications that commonly use a feature model to capture and document common and variable features, and their relationships. A big challenge is to derive one product among all possible products in the SPL, which satisfies the business and customer requirements. This task is known as product configuration. Although product configuration has been extensively investigated in the literature, customer's preferences are frequently neglected. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to configure a product that considers both qualitative and quantitative feature properties. We model the product configuration task as a combinatorial optimization problem, and heuristic and exact algorithms are proposed. As far as we are concerned, this proposal is the first work in the literature that considers feature properties in both leaf and nonleaf features. Computational experiments showed that the best of our heuristics found optimal solutions for all instances where those are known. For the instances where optimal solutions are not known, our heuristic outperformed the best solution obtained by a one‐hour run of the exact algorithm by up to 67.89%.
Good deal indices in asset pricing: actuarial and financial implications
Authors: Balbás Alejandro , Garrido José , Okhrati Ramin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe integrate into a single optimization problem a risk measure, beyond the variance, and either arbitrage‐free real market quotations or financial pricing rules generated by an arbitrage‐free stochastic pricing model. A sequence of investment strategies such that the couple (expected return, risk) diverges to will be called a good deal (GD). The existence of such a sequence is equivalent to the existence of an alternative sequence of strategies such that the couple (risk, price) diverges to . Moreover, by appropriately adding the riskless asset, every GD may generate a new one only composed of strategies priced at one. We will see that GDs often exist in practice, and the main objective of this paper will be to measure the GD size. The provided GD indices will equal an optimal ratio between both risk and price, and there will exist alternative interpretations of these indices. They also provide the minimum relative (per dollar) price modification that prevents the existence of GDs. Moreover, they will be a crucial instrument to detect those securities or marketed claims that are over‐ or underpriced. Many classical actuarial and financial optimization problems may generate wrong solutions if the used market quotations or stochastic pricing models do not prevent the existence of GDs. This fact is illustrated in the paper, and we point out how the provided GD indices may be useful to overcome this caveat. Numerical experiments are also included.
Flash sintering of highly insulating nanostructured phase‐pure BiFeO3
Authors: Perez‐Maqueda Luis A. , Gil‐Gonzalez Eva , Perejon Antonio , Lebrun Jean‐Marie , Sanchez‐Jimenez Pedro E. , Raj Rishi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe show that BiFeO3, that is electrically homogeneous, is a good insulator, and has a low dielectric constant (the properties desired in its applications), can be produced by flash sintering, which is nominally difficult to achieve by conventional and spark plasma sintering processes. The flash‐sintered specimens had a uniform microstructure with a nanometric grain size of ~20 nm.
Organic binder‐free cathode using FeS2‐MWCNTs composite for thermal batteries
Authors: Ko Jaehwan , Kim In Yea , Cheong Haewon , Yoon Young Soo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractFeS2‐MWCNTs (Multi‐Walled Carbon NanoTubes) composite without using an organic binder was used as a thin cathode for thermal batteries. A thin cathode with FeS2‐MWCNTs composite exhibited good mechanical strength without an organic binder. A discharge evaluation of the thin cathode with FeS2‐MWCNTs composite revealed a discharge capacity 2.3 times that of the pellet type cathode and 1.13 times that of a thin cathode with an organic binder. In addition, the single battery applying a thin cathode with FeS2‐MWCNTs composite showed a lower total polarization than when applying an organic binder. These results showed that FeS2‐MWCNTs composite is suitable as a thin cathode for thermal batteries.
Carex sect. Rhynchocystis (Cyperaceae): a Miocene subtropical relict in the Western Palaearctic showing a dispersal‐derived Rand Flora pattern
Authors: Míguez Mónica , Gehrke Berit , Maguilla Enrique , Jiménez‐Mejías Pedro , Martín‐Bravo Santiago 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimTo evaluate how Cenozoic climate changes shaped the evolution and distribution of Carex section Rhynchocystis.LocationWestern Palaearctic and Afrotropical regions (Rand Flora pattern).MethodsDNA regions ITS, ETS (nuclear), matK and rpl32‐trnLUAG (plastid) were amplified for 86 samples of species from section Rhynchocystis. Phylogenetic and phylogeographical relationships were inferred using maximum parsimony, Bayesian inference and coalescent‐based species tree approaches. Divergence times and ancestral areas were also inferred.ResultsCarex section Rhynchocystis is a clade that diversified during the middle Miocene in Europe. Most cladogenesis events date to the middle and late Miocene. The Afrotropical group seems to have originated from a colonization event from Europe that occurred in the late Miocene.Main conclusionsSpecies of the section Rhynchocystis in the Western Palaearctic are Miocene relicts. Late Miocene‐Pliocene aridification of the Mediterranean rather than the more commonly reported Pleistocene glaciations seems to have shaped the phylogeography of the group. Putative Miocene‐Pliocene refugia were probably located in the Mediterranean peninsulas and islands, as well as in the eastern shores of the ancient Paratethys Sea. The colonization of Africa could have been facilitated by Miocene‐Pliocene global cooling.
Homotypic and heterotypic continuity of symptoms of psychiatric disorders from age 4 to 10 years: a dynamic panel model
Authors: Wichstrøm Lars , Belsky Jay , Steinsbekk Silje 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundChildhood psychiatric disorders and their symptoms evince both within‐disorder (homotypic) and between‐disorder (heterotypic) continuities. These continuities may be due to earlier symptoms causing later symptoms or, alternatively, that the same (unknown) causes (e.g., genetics) are operating across time. Applying a novel data analytic approach, we disentangle these two explanations.MethodsParticipants in a Norwegian community study were assessed biennially from 4 to 10 years of age with clinical interviews (n = 1,042). Prospective reciprocal relations between symptoms of disorders were analyzed with a dynamic panel model within a structural equation framework, adjusting for all unmeasured time‐invariant confounders and time‐varying negative life‐events.ResultsHomotypic continuities in symptoms characterized all disorders; strongest for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (r = .32–.62), moderate for behavioral disorders (r = .31–.48) and for anxiety and depression (r = .15–.40), and stronger between 8 and 10 than between 4 and 6 years. Heterotypic continuity also characterized all disorders. A dynamic panel model showed that most continuities were due to unmeasured time‐invariant factors rather than effects of earlier symptoms on later symptoms, although symptoms of behavioral disorders, which evinced two‐year homotypic continuity (B = .14, 95% CI: .04, .25), did influence later symptoms of ADHD (B = .13, CI: .03, .23), and earlier ADHD symptoms influenced later anxiety disorder symptoms (B = .07, CI: .01, .12).ConclusionsHomotypic and heterotypic continuities of symptoms of childhood psychiatric disorders are mostly due to unobserved time‐invariant factors. Nonetheless, symptoms of earlier behavioral disorders may affect later symptoms of such disorders and of ADHD, and ADHD may increase the risk of later anxiety. Thus, even if interventions do not alter basic etiological factors, symptom reduction may itself cause later symptom reduction.