bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crowd Wisdom Relies on Agents’ Ability in Small Groups with a Voting Aggregation Rule
Authors: Keuschnigg Marc , Ganser Christian 
Published: April 2016

In the last decade, interest in the “wisdom of crowds” effect has gained momentum in both organizational research and corporate practice. Crowd wisdom relies on the aggregation of independent judgments. The accuracy of a group’s aggregate prediction rises with the number, ability, and diversity of its members. We investigate these variables’ relative importance for collective prediction using agent-based simulation. We replicate the “diversity trumps ability” proposition for large groups, showing that samples of heterogeneous agents outperform same-sized homogeneous teams of high ability. In groups smaller than approximately 16 members, however, the effects of group composition depend on the social decision function employed: diversity is key only in continuous estimation tasks (averaging) and much less important in discrete choice tasks (voting), in which agents’ individual abilities remain crucial. Thus, strategies to improve collective decision making must adapt to the predictive situation at hand. This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, judgment and decision making.
Medium-engineering: a useful tool for modulating lipase activity and selectivity
Authors: Castillo Edmundo , Casas-Godoy Leticia , Sandoval Georgina 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe design of a specific reaction medium capable to enhance activity, stability, and productivity of biocatalysts has been a recurring topic of study during the last three decades. The remarkable properties and valuable applications of enzymes, especially lipases, have inspiried different strategies for improving their performance in near-anhydrous media. As lipases are the most frequently used enzymes in organic synthesis, understanding the influence of reaction media on their activity and selectivity is crucial. In this paper, we review the key features of lipases and demonstrate how medium-engineering is a useful tool to modulate the activity and selectivity of lipase-catalyzed reactions.
Cyberbullying in a population of Slovak teenagers (quantitative research)
Authors: Kopecký Kamil 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This paper looks at the research results of research into the risky behaviour of Slovak children on the Internet, implemented in late 2013 and 2014 by a research team at the Centre for the Prevention of Risky Virtual Communication, Palacký University in Olomouc. In this article we focus on a key part of the research—cyberbullying from the perspective of victims and attackers. The paper describes the most common forms of attacks Slovak children are exposed to and also focuses on role-switching from victim to attacker which occurs fairly frequently among the Slovak population. The article also looks at the most common Internet services and communication platforms which are exploited in attacks.
Evaluation of the compatibility of Phoenix 100 and Microflex LT MALDI-TOF MS systems in the identification of routinely isolated microorganisms in the clinic microbiology laboratory
Authors: Celik Cem , Uysal Elif Bilge , Tutar Uğur , Erturk Rahsan , Bakici Mustafa Zahir , Gozel Mustafa Gokhan 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Background: Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a quick, reliable, and efficient system for identifying microorganisms. Many centers that use the Phoenix 100 system today may adopt a MALDI-TOF MS system in the future. Our laboratory recently undertook this pivot. The present study evaluates the reproducibility of species identifications made by the Phoenix 100 and MALDI-TOF MS systems, during a period of transitioning laboratory instrumentation.

Methods: Eight hundred and twelve microbial isolates, from aerobic cultures of different clinical samples, were identified simultaneously with Phoenix 100 (Becton Dickinson, Sparks, MD, USA) and a Microflex LT MALDI-TOF MS (Bruker Daltonics, Bremen, Germany) devices.

Results: Both systems made identical species assignments for 98.9%, 92.1%, 95.1%, and 93.1% of Gram-negative isolates, catalase-positive Gram-positive cocci isolates, catalase-negative Gram-positive cocci isolates, and Candida isolates, respectively.

Conclusions: Identifications made by two instruments commonly used in microbiology laboratories, the Phoenix 100 and the Microflex LT MALDI-TOF MS, are highly consistent.
Effect of sucralose and biostimulant on pre-and postharvest of blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv. Elliot ) under organic and conventional production systems
Authors: Loyola lópez Nelson Eduardo , Aguirre Poblete Flavio , Godoy Astudillo Oscar 
Published: April 2016

<p><em></em>Blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv. Elliot) from organic and conventional sources were subjected to either a pre-harvest application with an organic biostimulant or a post-harvest coverage with sucralose. Fruits were assessed in terms of firmness, dry matter, ascorbic acid, soluble solids, sensory attributes and color, during storage at 0 °C and RH of 90%, for a period of 21 days. Each trial with three treatments: T0correspondingto the control, T1to an application of biostimulant, 22 days before harvest, and T2 to a post-harvest coverage with sucralose. Fruits were evaluated in sensory aspect, with the participation of thirteen panelists, on day fifteen after being harvested and stored. Evaluations of both maturity and quality parameters were performed on days 1,7, 14and 21post-harvest.Pre-harvest treatment with the organic biostimulant showed a higher variation in dry matter and soluble solids, but these variations are not significant. The group with a coverage of Sucralose showed a significant increase in fruit firmness. The best sensory evaluation, was given by the panelists to the organic farming. Fruit measurements, such as color, ascorbic acid and colorimetry showed no significant differences in the results</p><p> </p>
Multiplicación clonal in vivo e in vitro de la especie forestal nativa Aniba perutilis Hemsl.
Authors: Delgado-García Lina Marcela , Hoyos-Sánchez Rodrigo Alberto 
Published: April 2016

<p><em></em>Se desarrolló una metodología para el establecimiento in vitro e in vivo de <em>Aniba perutilis</em> Hemsl. (comino crespo), árbol colombiano en peligro crítico de extinción. En la primera etapa, se sometieron semillas de este árbol a la acción de los desinfectantes NaOCl, HgCl2 y AgNO3 para su germinación aséptica. Para inducir la formación de brotes se empleó el medio WPM y se evaluó la acción de las fitohormonas BAP, KIN, AIA, ANA y AG3 en diferentes concentraciones. Para la etapa de enraizamiento se emplearon ANA, AIB, y los medios de cultivo MS y WPM, ambos con sales reducidas a la mitad y combinados con diferentes concentraciones de AIA y ANA. En la etapa de multiplicación in vivo se emplearon plántulas establecidas en vivero para evaluar tres tamaños de explantes, categorizados según la distancia desde la base de la planta hasta el ápice: distal (11-14 cm), medio (7 - 8 cm) y basal (3 - 4 cm), con el fin de obtener plantas madres donantes de yemas axilares y mini esquejes para enraizar. En este trabajo se consolida el uso de NaOCl por 15 min como tratamiento óptimo de desinfección, produciendo un porcentaje de supervivencia superior a 60%. El medio WPM suplementado con BAP 3 mg/lt y 1.5 mg/lt de AG3 generó la producción de un promedio de 0.6 brotes/explante con longitud media de 0.82 cm; no obstante, su baja capacidad de enraizamiento permite catalogar esta especie como recalcitrante al cultivo in vitro. En condiciones in vivo, cortes a la altura media de las plantas (7 - 8 cm) promovieron la formación de 1.33 brotes/explante y 75% de enraizamiento en los mini-esquejes, constituyendo una herramienta clave en la propagación de la especie</p><p> </p>
The battle against rural poverty and other challenges of development: Empirical analysis of women empowerment programme of Justice, Development and Peace Movement (JDPM) in Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Faborode Helen , Alao Titus Olugbenga 
Published: April 2016

<p>El rol vital ejercido por la mujer en la agricultura y en actividades no agrícolas para el establecimiento de la seguridad alimentaria y el crecimiento económico, ha llevado al reconocimiento de la mujer como un instrumento vital tanto para el gobierno como para organizaciones no gubernamentales en la batalla en contra de la pobreza rural y otros retos de procesos de desarrollo. Por lo tanto, esta investigación analizó el programa de justicia y empoderamiento femenino, el movimiento de paz y desarrollo (JDPM) de la diócesis católica de Osogbo en el Estado de Osun, Nigeria con el fin de mejorar su eficacia. El impacto del programa sobre los beneficiarios fue evaluado en cuatro comunidades seleccionadas aleatoriamente de cada una de las tres zonas administrativas de Osogbo, Ila e Ilesa. El 25% de los participantes fueron proporcionalmente muestreados de cada una de las comunidades seleccionadas obteniendo 104 encuestados. La entrevista estructurada fue presentada para cada colecta de datos a partir del programa de beneficiarios, mientras que siete informantes clave eran entrevistados entre los trabajadores de la diócesis. La estadística descriptiva (frecuencia, promedio, porcentajes y desviación estándar), así como la correlación Pearson fueron utilizados para realizar inferencias. Algunos de estos resultados revelaron que los miembros de todas las regiones practicaban en el área beneficiada del programa. Los resultados también revelaron que la edad (r= -0.514), el tamaño del grupo (r= -0.448), los años de escolaridad (r=0.407) estaban significativamente relacionados con el establecimiento de los objetivos del programa con un nivel de significancia del 0.0, mientras que el número de asociaciones comunitarias (r=0.201), el tamaño de la empresa rural (r=0.448), y los ingresos (r=0.205) presentaron una relación significativa con un nivel del 0.05 de significancia. El estudio también reveló que el programa ha hecho independientes a los beneficiarios gracias a la adquisición de herramientas pero también al enfrentarse con restricciones financieras para iniciar o expandir su negocio. Se recomendó que los beneficiarios deberían estar vinculados con instituciones financieras o bancos donde podían acceder a préstamos con facilidad.</p><p> </p>
Armonización conceptual en las ciencias forenses: una mirada terminológica desde la clínica forense
Authors: Plested María Cecilia , Betancur-Jaramillo Alejandra 
Published: April 2016

<p><em>Introducción</em>: resaltamos el valor terminológico de la armonización conceptual del ámbito médico-legal, cuyo enfoque se aplicó en el área de clínica forense a partir de los resultados de la investigación. Buscamos ddeterminar un sistema conceptual integral de términos técnico-científicos en contextos específicos del campo forense. <em>Metodología</em>: aplicación cualitativa en contexto de la TGT y la modelación terminológica, que permitió el rastreo de documentación del Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses, sede Medellín, con el <em>software</em> Cratilo. El resultado del análisis fue sometido, en Talleres de Validación, a la evaluación por parte de expertos.<strong> </strong><em>Resultados</em>: a partir de la delimitación y el análisis para la precisión conceptual, se obtuvo un total de 136 conceptos básicos, que constituyen este sistema conceptual. <em>Conclusiones</em>: el lenguaje en todas las áreas del conocimiento es transversal y la precisión depende siempre de su contexto, lo cual facilita la comunicación, de manera fluida y fiable, entre las diferentes disciplinas existentes. Al evitar opacidades en el lenguaje técnico-científico de uso cotidiano para los que intervienen en el sistema judicial, se optimiza la comunicación entre expertos, y la de estos con los legos y con profesionales de otras ramas del conocimiento.</p><p><strong> </strong></p>
Evaluación de los métodos fenol-cloroformo y columnas de sílice para extracción de ADN a partir de tejido óseo
Authors: Alvis-Arango Alveiro Antonio 
Published: April 2016

<p><em>Propósito:</em> encontrar factores para seleccionar métodos de extracción de<br />material genético como el fenol-cloroformo y las columnas de sílice, a fin de utilizarlos en el análisis genético, en el marco de las políticas del Gobierno de Colombia de la Ley de Justicia y Paz. <em>Descripción</em>: se hizo un estudio descriptivo aplicando los dos principales métodos de extracción de adn óseo; se analizaron muestras problema que inicialmente no arrojaron resultados reproducibles y verificables. <em>Punto de vista:</em> según los resultados obtenidos, se halló que el tiempo de digestión para las muestras óseas sometidas a extracción de adn por el método de columnas de sílice mejora cuando se hace a las dos horas. <em>Conclusiones:</em> el adn extraído por el método de columnas de sílice es mejor en la recuperación, pero debe ser analizado lo más pronto posible; de lo contrario, el material se degrada si se conserva refrigerado. Este fenómeno no ocurre en extracciones con fenol-cloroformo.</p><p> </p><p> </p>
Diagnostic Genesis Features of Au-Ag Selenide-Telluride Mineralization of Western Java Deposits
Authors: Yuningsih Euis Tintin , Matsueda Hiroharu , Rosana Mega F. 
Published: April 2016

DOI: 10.17014/ijog.3.1.67-76The ore mineralogy of the westernmost part of West Java such as Pongkor, Cibaliung, Cikidang, Cikotok, and Cirotan are characterized by the dominance of silver-arsenic-antimony sulfosalt with silver selenides and rarely tellurides over the argentite, whereas the eastern part of West Java including Arinem and Cineam deposits are dominated by silver-gold tellurides. Mineralogy of Se-type deposits at Pongkor, Cikidang, Cibaliung, Cisungsang, and Cirotan and Te-type deposits at Arinem and Cineam shows their different geochemical characteristics. Mineralogical and geochemical differences can be explained by variation of physico-chemical conditions that existed during gold-silver deposition by applying the phase relation among sulfide, telluride, and selenide mineral association in the deposits. The relative values of ƒSe2(g), ƒTe(g), and ƒS2(g) control the actual presence of selenide or telluride minerals within the West Java deposits, which also depend on their concentrations in the hydrothermal fluid. Even though the concentration of selenium in the hydrothermal fluid of Te-type deposits might have been similar or even higher than that in the Se-type, early substitution of selenium in the sulfide minerals prevents its concentration in the hydrothermal fluid to the levels for precipitating selenide minerals. Therefore, early sulfide mineral deposition from reduction fluids will not increase the ƒSe2(g)/ƒS2(g) ratio to form selenide minerals in Te-type deposits of Arinem and Cineam, other than selenium-bearing sulfide mineral such as Se-bearing galena or Se-bearing pyrargyrite-proustite.
Control, discipline and punish? Addressing corruption in South Africa
Authors: Bruce David 
Published: April 2016

This article provides a ‘high level’ view of current debates about the causes of and remedies for corruption in South Africa, with a view to reflecting on how to address corruption. The article starts by providing an overview of the current integrity framework and initiatives to strengthen it within the domains of public administration and criminal justice. Alongside this, the article briefly reviews historical and sociological accounts of corruption in South Africa. This provides the basis for a discussion of the moral economy of corruption. Instead of focusing on questions of surveillance or deterrence, this strand of analysis implies that addressing corruption is not simply about addressing ‘moral deficits’ but engaging with questions about how to advance justice and fairness in South African society.
Pulling us apart? The association between fear of crime and social cohesion in South Africa
Authors: Roberts Benjamin J. , Gordon Steven L. 
Published: April 2016

Fear of crime, like crime itself, is thought to be a factor that constrains efforts by government and non-state actors at promoting socially cohesive communities and a caring society. As concern over South Africa's social fabric have mounted, increasing policy attention has been directed at perceptions of safety and nation-building. In this study, we use nationally representative survey data to examine recent theoretical models on the link between fear of crime and social cohesion within communities. The results do not offer strong support for the hypothesis that higher fear of crime is associated with lower levels of social trust, neighbouthood ties and civic cohesion, although fear does have a moderate, adverse influence on attitudes towards law enforcement.
Ukrainas konstitutionella sicksackande. Regimförändring och partiutveckling under semipresidentialism
Authors: Sedelius Thomas 
Published: April 2016

Ukraine has repeatedly shifted between the two sub-types of semi-presidentialism, i.e. between premier-presidentialism and president-parliamentarism. The aim of this article is to discuss to what extent theoretical arguments against premier-presidential and president-parliamentary systems are relevant for understanding the shifting directions of the Ukrainian regime. As a point of departure, I formulate three main claims from the literature: 1) “President-parliamentarism is less conducive to democratization than premier-presidentialism.” 2) “Semi-presidentialism in both its variants have built-in incitements for intra-executive conflict between the president and the prime minister.” 3) “Semi-presidentialism in general, and president-parliamentarism in particular, encourages presidentialization of political parties.” I conclude from the study’s empirical overview that the president-parliamentary system – the constitutional arrangement with the most dismal record of democratization – has been instrumental in strengthening presidential dominance and authoritarian tendencies. The premier-presidential period 2006–2010 was by no means smooth and stable, but the presidential dominance weakened and the survival of the government was firmly anchored in the parliament. During this period, there were also indications of a gradual strengthening of institutional capacity among the main political parties and the parliament began to emerge as a significant political arena.
(Published: April 2016)
Citation: Thomas Sedelius (2016) »Ukrainas konstitutionella sicksackande: Regimförändring och partiutveckling under semipresidentialism». Nordisk Østforum 30 [1] 18–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17585/nof.v30.389
Myndighetsutøver, ressursforvalter og livredder – den russiske kystvakten i støpeskjeen
Authors: Åtland Kristian 
Published: April 2016

The Russian Coast Guard, or Beregovaya okhrana, was formally established in 2007 and plays a crucial role in the management of natural resources located in the vast maritime areas under Russian jurisdiction. The purpose of this article is to shed light on the Coast Guard’s organisation, capabilities and operations in the maritime areas that surround the Russian Federation, and to discuss the service’s ability to effectively perform its missions, now and in the period up to 2020. Special emphasis is placed on the situation in the northern waters. In the Barents Sea, the Russian Coast Guard cooperates closely with its Norwegian counterpart. This cooperation has existed for a long time, and it has not been adversely affected by the general deterioration of Russian–Western relations after Russia’s 2014 intervention in Ukraine and the subsequent freeze in military-to-military cooperation. The article argues that Norway and Russia have a common interest in continuing the cooperation on non-military issues such as maritime search and rescue, fisheries management and law enforcement at sea.
(Published: April 2016)
Citation: Kristian Åtland (2016) «Myndighetsutøver, ressursforvalter og livredder – den russiske kystvakten i støpeskjeen». Nordisk Østforum 30 [1] 38–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17585/nof.v30.390
Ação coletiva e polarização na sociedade em rede para uma teoria do conflito no brasil contemporâneo
Authors: Ruediger Marco Aurélio , Martins Rafael , Da Luz Margareth , Grassi Amaro 
Published: April 2016

Este artigo busca desenvolver a hipótese de que o Brasil estaria expe- rimentando uma tendência à polarização política, apartando as novas formas de ação coletiva das estruturas do Estado, tendo a internet como fator central de articulação de novas demandas sociais e de mobiliza- ção social. Na primeira parte, serão utilizados os resultados da pes- quisa “Mobilidade Urbana e Cidadania”, realizada pela FGV/DAPP em março de 2014, sobre mobilidade urbana, estopim das manifestações do ano passado. Serão testadas com base em regressões estatísticas as hipóteses construídas acerca da centralidade da internet no processo de mobilização social verificado a partir do ano passado. Na segun- da parte, será analisada a pesquisa sobre a reação da polícia àquele movimento, sobretudo na sua forma mais radicalizada de protestos – os black blocs –, revelando que os próprios policiais consideram-se despreparados para lidar com as manifestações. Ao final, será sugerida uma abordagem conjunta para os resultados das duas pesquisas, com elementos para interpretar o atual ciclo político brasileiro a partir de uma perspectiva do conflito entre Estado e sociedade civil, para além da perspectiva orientada ao consenso da redemocratização.
Cultura de empresa y multinacionales: el caso de Maersk España
Authors: Vallejo Peña Francisco Alberto 
Published: April 2016

Dentro del ámbito de la Sociología de las Organizaciones, la cultura empresarial se ha abierto un interesante campo desde la década de los 80, a partir de la cual se empezó a confiar en la posibilidad de dirigir grandes compañías con el respaldo de un conocimiento más íntimo de su cultura. Por lo tanto, el conjunto de disciplinas que aborda la teoría organizacional se ve atraído por su estudio, dada la demostrada utilidad de estandarizar comportamientos dentro de la compañía, así como la posible alteración de la propia cultura para repercutir positivamente en producción y beneficios.
Estas premisas nos llevaron al estudio de caso de Maersk España en Algeciras. Para tal efecto, abordamos la realidad laboral de la compañía, generando un modelo propio de análisis que nos ha facilitado retratar su cultura empresarial, aplicando distintas técnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas. Este diagnóstico nos ha permitido conocer las consecuencias de la integración de distintas subculturas del trabajo -habitual en multinacionales-, al entrar en el estudio de contrastes esenciales, como el que se produce entre la cultura empresarial danesa (procedencia) y andaluza (destino), así como las peculiaridades de su adaptación al entorno local (Campo de Gibraltar).