bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiwavelength Raman lidar system for profiling the CCN number concentrations
Authors: Mao Jiandong , Bao Jun , Wang Qiang 
Published: October 2024

Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) play an important role in the research of cloud microphysical and aerosol–cloud interactions. This study employs a multiwavelength Raman lidar for measuring CCN concentration. First, the multiwavelength Raman lidar was used to measure the atmospheric relative humidity profile, and the combination of relative humidity and the aerosol backscattering coefficient was used to retrieve the hygroscopic growth factor. By fitting the hygroscopic growth factor using the κkappa parameter model, the hygroscopic parameter κkappa that characterizes the hygroscopicity of aerosols was obtained. Then, the critical activation radius of aerosols was derived using the κ–Köhler theory and hygroscopicity parameter κkappa. Finally, the CCN number concentration was obtained by combining with the aerosol particle size distribution. Experiments were conducted to verify the feasibility of the multiwavelength Raman lidar. Results showed that the effective detection range of the lidar is approximately 0–4 km. The error of the temperature measured by the lidar at the height of 0.3–3.8 km is approximately ±1K. When the relative humidity change is 0.77–0.87, the range of the hygroscopic growth factor change is 1.06–1.10, the hygroscopic parameter γ is 0.065, and the hygroscopic parameter κkappa is 0.009. The CCN numbers concentration decreases with height but increases closer to the cloud. The multiwavelength Raman lidar is an important tool for detection of cloud microphysical and aerosol–cloud interactions and could have scientific importance and research value, both for improved understanding of the formation of clouds and precipitation and for enhanced accuracy of weather modification.
Low-power infrared-tunable all-optical intensity modulator based on micro-nano fiber integrated with 3C-SiC nanowires
Authors: Chen Xuanyi , Li Yuanzheng , Miao Yinping , Li Yi , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Bai Yangbo , Yao Jianquan 
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we present a rapidly responsive and highly modulated all-optical intensity modulator integrated with 3C-SiC nanowires and micro-nano fibers. The 3C-SiC nanowires were bonded to the surface of micro-nano fibers that had a diameter of around 2 µm. A tunable laser with a center wavelength of 1550 nm was used as the signal source, and the signal light, along with the 980 nm pump light, was coupled into the micro-nano fiber. Strong waveguide coupling between the micro-nano fiber and 3C-SiC nanowires facilitated modulation of the signal light by the pump light. The experimental results demonstrated a modulation depth of up to 5 dB for the signal light, with a modulation efficiency of 0.19 dB/mW. The rise time and fall time of the modulation were measured as 6.6 and 19.7 ms, respectively. This study shows the exceptional performance of 3C-SiC nanowires in all-optical modulation devices. Furthermore, the structure offers advantages such as simple fabrication, fast response speed, and compatibility with optical fiber systems, thus holding great potential for widespread application in various optical modulation devices and optical communication systems.
Analysis and experimental demonstration of possible architectures for future coherent metro+PON converged networks [Invited]
Authors: Rizzelli Giuseppe , Casasco Mariacristina , Ferrero Valter , Pagano Annachiara , Gaudino Roberto 
Published: October 2024

We present in this paper a detailed brainstorming on the future option of merging the metro and the passive optical network (PON) access network segments, enabled by the introduction of end-to-end coherent transmission. We begin by reporting the experimental results presented by our group at OFC2024 (for which this paper is an invited extension). Starting from these preliminary but very promising results, we elaborate on two different possible schematics for metro+PON convergence using edge reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers (ROADMs) at the boundary of the two segments, and then we study their physical layer scalability by a mix of experimental characterization and numerical modeling. We show that coherent transceivers enable excellent performance in this scenario, allowing at least 200G per wavelength and even 400G in most cases when traversing all-optically two ROADMs before being routed towards a high splitting ratio PON in the access part of the network. We study several realistic conditions analyzing different bit rates, modulation formats, and network architectures, showing the physical layer conditions that would enable the PON optical distribution network loss to be in the range from 29 to 35 dB, as required by current international standards. The scalability analysis is first based on link budget and optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) fundamental limitations, and it is then extended considering other physical layer issues, such as tight optical filtering in the ROADMs.
Association of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with risk of lung cancer in individuals aged 40 years and older: A cross-sectional study based on NHANES 2013–2018
Authors: Chen Hong , Hu Xiao-Bo , Zhou Jin , He Chen-Yun , Wang Ke , Yi Qun 
Published: October 2024

Background
It remains unclear whether chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an independent risk factor for lung cancer after excluding confounding factors such as smoking, age, sex, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities, etc.

Methods
Data from 11,440 participants (≥ 40 years old) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2018 were analyzed. Weighted multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between COPD and lung cancer risk. Subgroup analyses were based on age, sex, BMI, and smoking.

Results
This study included 660 patients with COPD and 10,780 participants without COPD. The prevalence of lung cancer was significantly higher in patients with COPD compared to participants without COPD (3.39% vs 0.14%). After adjusting for confounding factors, COPD was associated with a significantly increased risk of lung cancer (OR, 12.24, 95% CI, 4.99–30.06, p < 0.001). This association remained significant in all subgroups, particularly in individuals aged > 65 years (OR, 20.05, 95% CI, 6.85–58.72, p < 0.001), smokers (OR, 19.38, 95% CI, 2.02–185.66, p = 0.010), males (OR, 17.39, 95% CI, 5.28–57.31, p < 0.001), individuals who quit smoking within 10 years (OR, 12.86, 95% CI, 2.59, 63.99, p = 0.002), and individuals with a BMI > 25 kg/m2 (OR, 14.56, 95% CI, 3.88–54.69, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
COPD is an independent risk factor for lung cancer, especially in certain subgroups. The combination of COPD and smoking greatly amplifies the lung cancer risk. These findings highlight the importance of early lung cancer screening in patients with COPD.
PROJEKCIJA PROIZVODNJE MLEKA V SLOVENIJI
Authors: ČEPIN S. , FERČEJ J. , ČEPON M. 
Published: October 2024

V letih od 1985 do 1994 se je v Sloveniji zmanjšalo število vseh goved za 17,3 %, število vseh krav za 20,2 % in število krav s tržno prirejo mleka za 21,5 %. V istem obdobju je bila količina odkupljenega mleka razmeroma konstantna in se je gibala med 350 in 390 milioni litrov. Povečala se je količina tržnega mleka po kravi za 36,5 % (od 1990 litrov v letu 1985 na 2716 litrov v letu 1994), kar pomeni povprečno letno stopnjo 4 %. Zaradi predvidenega nadaljnega intenziviranja prireje mleka in razmeroma ustaljene porabe, se bo v Sloveniji tudi v bodoče zmanjševalo število krav za tržno prirejo mleka. Ob podobni povprečni stopnji povečevanja prodanega mleka po kravi, bomo lahko koncem naslednjih desetih letih odkupili enako količino mleka od okrog 100 000 krav. Izhajajoč iz strukture kmetijskih zemljišč v Sloveniji (64,5 % travinja), potrebujemo že zaradi preprečevanja zaraščanja kmetijskih površin in ohranjanja poseljene in kulturne krajine, vsaj 230 000 krav oziroma 580 000 glav goved. Istočasno pa je navedeni stalež goved potreben tudi za željeno prirejo govejega mesa. Prireje mleka v Sloveniji ne smemo obravnavati ločeno, ampak v sklopu celotne govedoreje oziroma celotnega kmetijstva.
PRIKAZ POTEKA AP KONTROLE Z RAČUNALNIŠKEGA VIDIKA
Authors: DOLINAR Anka , POGAČAR J. , KLOPČIČ Marija 
Published: October 2024

Za sprotno in hitro spremljanje proizvodnje mleka krav vključenih v AP kontrolo so bili izdelani določeni računalniški programi. Ti omogočajo ne samo več vrst kontrole podatkov tako pri vnosu kot pri obdelavi, pač pa tudi razne vrste izpisov, ki omogočajo rejcem, da sprotno spremljajo proizvodnjo vsake posamezne krave in tudi cele črede. Računalniški programi potrebujejo za svoje delo osnovno podatkovno zbirko iz katere črpajo podatke. Ta podatkovna zbirka se počasi povečuje, kar tudi vpliva na hitrost delovanja programov. Predvideni razvoj prihodnosti bo temeljil na čim bolj avtomatskem vnosu podatkov v računalnik ter na povezavi različnih računalnikov med seboj.
HIGH-TECH STARTER CULTURES IN MILK PROCESSING
Authors: DE VUYST L. 
Published: October 2024

Lactic acid bacteria are traditionally applied as starter cultures in industrial milk fermentation because of their favorable fermentation properties (lactose digestion, citrate utilization, proteolysis, bacteriophage resistance, slime production), their capacity to produce flavors (diacetyl, acetaldehyde), and their antimicrobial activity (organic acids, hydrogen peroxide, bacteriocins). Optimal physiological and process technological control of these metabolic traits allows the application of improved fermentation processes both in vitro and in situ. The use of molecular techniques and natural gene transfer methods has resulted in the selection and construction of lactic starter cultures with enhanced industrial properties. Moreover, novel lactic acid bacteria have been obtained by genetic, metabolic and protein engineering. This paper reviews the present state of the art and perspectives of engineering lactic acid bacteria for the improved production of milk products, flavors and additives.
BACTERIOCINS OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA AS POTENTIAL BIOPRESERVATIVES
Authors: BOGOVIČ-MATIJAŠIĆ Bojana , ROGELJ Irena 
Published: October 2024

The production of antagonistic substances by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is well known and LAB are widely used in food preserving. Among antagonistic substances bacteriocins are very interesting. The interest for use of bacteriocins of LAB as natural antimicrobial compounds has appeared mainly because some of them are able to inhibit certain Gram-positive spoilage bacteria and food borne pathogens like Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Clostridium butyricum. Bacteriocins of LAB could not fully substitute traditional preserving factors in food, but offer an additional hurdle. They can be introduced into foods as starter cultures, protective cultures or as additives in semi-purified, purified or pre-fermented form. Application of bacteriocins in foods is limited because of some characteristics: narrow activity spectrum, inactivation by proteolytic enzymes, binding to food components, too low "in situ" production, influence of intrinsic factors (pH, Aw), resistant strains. Some of those obstacles could be overcome by combining more bacteriocins or by genetically modifying bacteriocin producer. Until now only nisin and pediocins are industrially used, but many others are being tested on experimental level. Some promising examples of food preservation using bacteriocins or bacteriocins producing cultures are presented.
Vanishing theorems for Mather–Jacobian multiplier ideals on a Gorenstein projective variety
Authors: Niu Wenbo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we establish several results related to vanishing theorems for Mather–Jacobian multiplier ideals on a Gorenstein projective variety, including an injectivity theorem, a Nadel-type vanishing theorem, a Griffiths-type vanishing theorem for vector bundles, and a vanishing theorem for the asymptotic Mather–Jacobian multiplier ideals.
Convex Fujita numbers are not determined by the fundamental group
Authors: Chen Jiaming , Küronya Alex , Mustopa Yusuf , Stix Jakob 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We study effective global generation of adjoint line bundles on smooth projective varieties. To measure the effectivity we introduce the concept of the convex Fujita number of a smooth projective variety and compute its value for a class of varieties with prescribed dimension d ≥ 2 and an arbitrary projective group as fundamental group.
A histomorphometric study to evaluate the therapeutic effects of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles on the kidneys infected with Plasmodium chabaudi
Authors: Murshed Mutee , Al-Tamimi Jameel , Ibrahim Khalid Elfaki , Al-Quraishy Saleh 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The study aimed to verify the pathogenic malarial kidney infections and histopathological pictures in mice infected with Plasmodium chabaudi using Indigofera oblongifolia leaf extract silver nanoparticles (IOLEAgNPs). Fifty healthy adult female mice C57BL/6 were used. Animals were divided into five groups, with each group of ten mice. The first control non-infected group was given distilled water for 7 days. The second group was orally given 50 mg/kg of IOLEAgNPs. The third, fourth, and fifth groups were injected intraperitoneally with 105 parasitized erythrocytes of P. chabaudi. After 1 h, the fourth group received 50 mg/kg of IOLEAgNPs, while the fifth group orally received 10 mg/kg chloroquine phosphate. The histopathology of the kidney was studied by routine histology method with hematoxylin–eosin staining. The kidney revealed cerebral microvessel congestion, hemorrhages, and necrosis. Cast formation, glomerulonephritis, tubular necrosis, and congestion were observed in the kidney cortex. Consequently, the targeted medical IOLEAgNPs reduced this degeneration impact on renal tissue. Proven that plant-source synthesized IOLEAgNPs play a preventive role as antimalarial agents in female mice infected with P. chabaudi.
Ruins of Empire or Tears of Joy? An Intersection of History and the Bible in Lope de Vega’s Religious Comedias
Authors: Vangshardt Rasmus 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article studies a way in which Lope de Vega used biblical theatre as a vehicle for historiographical interpretation. The article does so by situating elements from a number of Lope’s religious comedias in the context of what has recently been described as Golden Age Spain’s “aesthetic-historical culture.” The study begins with an analysis of intersections of history and the Bible in Lope’s La hermosa Ester. The second half comprises a reconstruction of the role of the Bible in Lope’s poetics. Via this two-pronged strategy, the article makes a case for seeing a feature of Lope’s biblical comedias as part of said aesthetic-historical culture of early modern Spain and proposes a way to understand the historiographical profile of Lope’s biblical drama. This leads to the claim that Lope’s biblical drama effectively contributed to the attribution of a new generic mixture to understandings and interpretations of the course of history itself. This interpretation invites a highly open-ended approach to the end of time between ruin and redemption.
The acquisition of sociolinguistic variation by multilingual merchants: the case of seventeenth-century Spanish
Authors: Sánchez Vicente Andrea 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article analyzes an unpublished corpus of 131 letters written in Spanish by four Dutch merchants during the seventeenth-century (1669–1677). The aim of the investigation is to determine whether the variation found in these letters was internal, external, or both, and to study the factors that favored each source. To do so, I will look at vowel variation in this corpus. Since standard vowel variants were being selected in seventeenth-century Spanish, the research questions addressed in this work are the following: Did multilingual merchants acquire the emerging standard of the moment? Did multilingual merchants contribute to the selection of standard variants? Did multilingual merchants acquire the sociolinguistic variation of that period? How did multilingual merchants differ from L1 speakers and why? How did linguistic and social factors influence this variation? The results revealed a great amount of intra- and inter-speaker vowel variation, and this variability was a matter of both internal and external factors. Therefore, this study argues that, while multilingual merchants acquired some of the standard variants that were being selected in the emerging standard Spanish of the seventeenth century, they reported linguistic variation that can be explained considering the context of use and the socio-economic conditions underlying their acquisition of linguistic repertoires.
Haghia Triada = da-wo or pa-i-to?
Authors: Monti Orazio 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The data provided by the Linear B tablets from Knossos concerning the toponyms da-wo and pa-i-to, compared with the archaeological finds at the site of Haghia Triada - in the Cretan Messara Plain - strongly suggest that the Linear B name of this site was da-wo, while pa-i-to indicated only Phaistos.
“Initial-a-final”, Luwian low vowels, and language contact in the Syro-Anatolian world
Authors: Burgin James M. , Yakubovich Ilya 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Anatolian hieroglyphic inventory features two phonetic signs conventionally translated as “a”: 〈a〉 = L. 450 and 〈a〉 = L. 19. Their distribution has eluded explanation due to the complicated conventions governing the use of the 〈a〉 sign, which can be placed at the end of a word (“initial-a-final”), replaced with 〈a〉 (“a-substitution”), or deleted (“a-deletion”). Some words also regularly change between 〈a〉 and 〈a〉 within their paradigm. Based on a more refined understanding of these conventions, which vary by period and location, and comparison with data from the closely related Lycian language and Luwian names in Greek transmission, it will be suggested that 〈a〉 and 〈a〉 corresponded to the low vowels /a/ and /ɑ/ respectively. It will be argued that distinction between the two vowels in Luwian ultimately arose from the Proto-Anatolian contrast between the short and long non-high vowels, but also in some instances from the Luwic umlaut (mostly anticipatory backing of /a/ to /ɑ/). New evidence is also put forth that the vowel system of some dialects of Late Luwian underwent a change due to contact with Semitic languages. This resulted in an orthographic reform beginning in the late 9th century BC, which has practical implications for the dating of certain inscriptions.
Possible Representations of Aker in
Heb-sed
Scenes Adorning Temple Entryways and their Cosmic Significance
Authors: Hamden Ahmed 
Published: October 2024

Summary
This paper examines the unique representations of the separated heads on the ground line on the columns and gateways in the temple entryways associated with the Sed-festival. An analysis of the scenes shows that here are mutual iconographical and religious characteristics between this motif and the chthonic deity Aker. The focal point of the research is to study the known representations of these heads and present an additional hypothesis of attributing them to Aker.
Mariette’s Newly Released Documents and the Chronology of the Apis Bulls
Authors: Porter Robert 
Published: October 2024

Summary
The Louvre Museum recently placed online Mariette’s notebooks from the mid 19th century which include information on the find-spots of stelae from the Lesser Vaults of the Memphis Serapeum, the underground tomb complex of the Apis bulls at Saqqara. Some of these stelae name the reigning pharaoh and/or give dates for the bulls. The tombs had been ransacked but it seems that enough stelae remained close to their original positions to help determine the approximate location of each bull burial, a subject which has long been debated. Analysis of Mariette’s documents suggests a greater overlap between Dynasties 22 and 25 than is generally accepted.
Spermidine protects cellular redox status and ionic homeostasis in D-galactose induced senescence and natural aging rat models
Authors: Singh Sandeep , Verma Avnish Kumar , Garg Geetika , Singh Abhishek Kumar , Rizvi Syed Ibrahim 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Impaired redox homeostasis is an important hallmark of aging. Among various anti-aging interventions, caloric restriction mimetics (CRMs) are the most effective in promoting health and longevity. The potential role of spermidine (SPD) as a CRM in modulating oxidative stress and redox homeostasis during aging remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of SPD in D-galactose (D-gal) accelerated induced senescence model and naturally aged rats. Young male rats (4 months), D-gal induced (500 mg/kg b. w., subcutaneously) aging model and naturally aged (22 months) rats were supplemented with SPD (10 mg/kg b. w., orally) for 6 weeks. The results showed that SPD supplementation suppresses the age induced increase in reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation. Additionally, it increases the level of antioxidants, plasma membrane redox system in erythrocytes and membrane. These results also indicate that membrane transporter activity is correlated with the susceptibility of the erythrocyte towards oxidative damage. We therefore present evidence that SPD improves redox status and membrane impairments in erythrocytes in experimental and naturally aging rat models, however, more research is required to recommend a potential therapeutic role for SPD as an anti-aging intervention strategy.
Cellular mechanisms of RET receptor dysfunction in multiple endocrine neoplasia 2
Authors: Walker Timothy J , Mulligan Lois M 
Published: October 2024

Graphical abstractAbstractRearranged during transfection (RET) is a developmentally important receptor tyrosine kinase that has been identified as an oncogenic driver in a number of cancers. Activating RET point mutations gives rise to the inherited cancer syndrome multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2), characterized by medullary thyroid carcinoma. There are two MEN2 subtypes, MEN2A and MEN2B, that differ in tumour aggressiveness and the associated constellation of other disease features, which are caused by distinct patterns of RET amino acid substitution mutations. MEN2A-RET mutations affecting extracellular cysteine residues promote ligand-independent dimerization and constitutive RET activity, while MEN2B is caused by a single amino acid change in the tyrosine kinase domain of RET, releasing autoinhibition and producing a more active MEN2B-RET kinase that can promote signalling as monomers or dimers in the absence of a ligand. These mutations cause intrinsic biochemical changes in the RET structure and activation but also trigger extrinsic effects that alter RET cellular location, interactions and mechanisms of downregulation that can prolong or mislocate RET activity, changing or enhancing functional outcomes. Furthermore, changes in specific combinations of RET-mediated effects associated with different mutations give rise to the distinct MEN2 disease phenotypes. Here, we discuss the current understanding of the intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics of RET MEN2A cysteine and MEN2B mutants and how these contribute to transforming cellular processes and to the differences in tumour progression and disease aggressiveness.