bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The TβRI promotes migration and metastasis through thrombospondin 1 and ITGAV in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Mu Yabing , Wallenius Anders , Zang Guangxiang , Zhu Shaochun , Rudolfsson Stina , Aripaka Karthik , Bergh Anders , Mateus André , Landström Maréne 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTGFβ potently modifies the extracellular matrix (ECM), which is thought to favor tumor cell invasion. However, the mechanism whereby the cancer cells employ the ECM proteins to facilitate their motility is largely unknown. In this study we used RNA-seq and proteomic analysis to examine the proteins secreted by castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells upon TGFβ treatment and found that thrombospondin 1 (THBS1) was observed to be one of the predominant proteins. The CRISPR Cas9, or siRNA techniques was used to downregulate TGFβ type I receptor (TβRI) to interfere with TGFβ signaling in various cancer cells in vitro. The interaction of ECM proteins with the TβRI in the migratory prostate cancer cells in response to TGFβ1 was demonstrated by several different techniques to reveal that THBS1 mediates cell migration by interacting with integrin subunit alpha V (ITGAV) and TβRI. Deletion of TβRI or THBS1 in cancer cells prevented their migration and invasion. THBS1 belongs to a group of tumorigenic ECM proteins induced via TGFβ signaling in CRPC cells, and high expression of THBS1 in human prostate cancer tissues correlated with the degree of malignancy. TGFβ-induced production of THBS1 through TβRI facilitates the invasion and metastasis of CRPC cells as shown in vivo xenograft animal experiments.
Learning long sequences in spiking neural networks
Authors: Stan Matei-Ioan , Rhodes Oliver 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSpiking neural networks (SNNs) take inspiration from the brain to enable energy-efficient computations. Since the advent of Transformers, SNNs have struggled to compete with artificial networks on modern sequential tasks, as they inherit limitations from recurrent neural networks (RNNs), with the added challenge of training with non-differentiable binary spiking activations. However, a recent renewed interest in efficient alternatives to Transformers has given rise to state-of-the-art recurrent architectures named state space models (SSMs). This work systematically investigates, for the first time, the intersection of state-of-the-art SSMs with SNNs for long-range sequence modelling. Results suggest that SSM-based SNNs can outperform the Transformer on all tasks of a well-established long-range sequence modelling benchmark. It is also shown that SSM-based SNNs can outperform current state-of-the-art SNNs with fewer parameters on sequential image classification. Finally, a novel feature mixing layer is introduced, improving SNN accuracy while challenging assumptions about the role of binary activations in SNNs. This work paves the way for deploying powerful SSM-based architectures, such as large language models, to neuromorphic hardware for energy-efficient long-range sequence modelling.
A combined trade-off strategy of battery degradation, charge retention, and driveability for electric vehicles
Authors: Tawfik Mohammed I. , Ali Ahmed , Asfoor Mostafa 
Published: September 2024

AbstractElectric vehicles are considered as an emerging solution to mitigate the environmental footprint of transportation sector. Therefore, researchers and automotive developers devote significant efforts to enhance the performance of electric vehicles to promote broader adoption of such technology. One of the critical challenges of the electric vehicle is limited battery lifetime and entailed range anxiety. In his context, development of counter-aging control strategies based on precise battery modeling is regarded as an emerging approach that has a significant potential to address battery degradation challenges. This paper presents a combined trade-off strategy to minimize battery degradation while maintaining acceptable driving performance and charge retention in electric vehicles. A battery aging model has been developed and integrated into a full vehicle model. An optimal control problem has been formulated to tackle the afore-mentioned challenges. Non-dominant sorting genetic algorithms have been implemented to yield the optimal solution through the Pareto-front of three contending objectives, based upon which an online simulation has been conducted considering three standard driving cycles. The results reveal the ability of the proposed strategy to prolong the life cycle of the battery and extend the driving range by 25 % and 8 % respectively with minimal influence of 0.6 % on the driveability.
Cervical cancer microbiome analysis: comparing HPV 16 and 18 with other HPV types
Authors: Hidjo Maire , Mukhedkar Dhananjay , Masimirembwa Collen , Lei Jiayao , Arroyo Mühr Laila Sara 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDifferences in the cervicovaginal microbiome may influence the persistence of HPV and therefore, the progression to cervical cancer. We aimed to analyze and compare the metatranscriptome of cervical cancers positive for HPV 16 and 18 with those positive for other HPV types to understand the microbiome’s influence on oncogenicity. RNA sequencing data from a total of 222 invasive cervical cancer cases (HPV16/18 positive (n=42) and HPV “Other types” (n=180)) were subjected to taxonomy classification (Kraken 2) including bacteria, virus and fungi to the level of species. With a median depth of 288,080.5 reads per sample, up to 107 species (38 bacterial, 16 viral and 53 fungal) were identified. Diversity analyses revealed no significant differences in viral or fungal species between HPV16/18 and other HPV types. Bacterial alpha diversity was significantly higher in the "Other HPV types" group for the Observed index (p=0.0074) (but not for Shannon). Cumulative species curves revealed greater species diversity in the “Other HPV types” group compared to “HPV16/18 but no significant differences in species abundance were found between HPV groups. The study did not detect strong significant microbiome differences between HPV 16/18 and other HPV types in cervical cancers. Further research is necessary to explore potential factors influencing the oncogenicity of different HPV types and their interaction with the cervical microbiome.
Privacy-preserving large language models for structured medical information retrieval
Authors: Wiest Isabella Catharina , Ferber Dyke , Zhu Jiefu , van Treeck Marko , Meyer Sonja K. , Juglan Radhika , Carrero Zunamys I. , Paech Daniel , Kleesiek Jens , Ebert Matthias P. , Truhn Daniel , Kather Jakob Nikolas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMost clinical information is encoded as free text, not accessible for quantitative analysis. This study presents an open-source pipeline using the local large language model (LLM) “Llama 2” to extract quantitative information from clinical text and evaluates its performance in identifying features of decompensated liver cirrhosis. The LLM identified five key clinical features in a zero- and one-shot manner from 500 patient medical histories in the MIMIC IV dataset. We compared LLMs of three sizes and various prompt engineering approaches, with predictions compared against ground truth from three blinded medical experts. Our pipeline achieved high accuracy, detecting liver cirrhosis with 100% sensitivity and 96% specificity. High sensitivities and specificities were also yielded for detecting ascites (95%, 95%), confusion (76%, 94%), abdominal pain (84%, 97%), and shortness of breath (87%, 97%) using the 70 billion parameter model, which outperformed smaller versions. Our study successfully demonstrates the capability of locally deployed LLMs to extract clinical information from free text with low hardware requirements.
Biodiversity impacts of recent land-use change driven by increases in agri-food imports
Authors: Cabernard Livia , Pfister Stephan , Hellweg Stefanie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLand-use change such as the conversion of natural habitat to agricultural land has been a major driver of global biodiversity loss, prompting efforts at biodiversity restoration. However, restoration measures in certain areas can shift the detrimental biodiversity impacts elsewhere through the outsourcing of agri-food supply chains to biodiverse regions. This study examines the link between biodiversity impacts from land-use change and shifts in global supply chains from 1995 to 2022 by introducing a marginal allocation into multiregional input–output analysis. Almost 80% of recent global land-use change impacts were associated with increased agri-food exports from Latin America, Africa and Southeast Asia + Pacific (excluding China). Conversely, increased imports to China, the United States, Europe and the Middle East accounted for almost 60% of recent global land-use change impacts from a consumption perspective, despite decreasing domestic impacts through restoration. Decreasing biodiversity impacts in temperate and arid regions have been partially achieved by outsourcing agri-food supply to tropical biodiversity hotspots. This results in a cumulated global extinction rate (1.4% global potential species loss since 1995), exceeding the planetary boundary by about fifty times, thus highlighting the need for policies incentivizing habitat protection in tropical regions and sustainable sourcing in agri-food supply chains.
High-energy insights from an escaping coronal mass ejection with Solar Orbiter/STIX observations
Authors: Hayes L. A. , Krucker S. , Collier H. , Ryan D. 
Published: September 2024

Context. Solar eruptive events, including solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs), are typically characterised by energetically significant X-ray emissions from flare-accelerated electrons and hot thermal plasmas. However, the intense brightness of solar flares often overshadows high-coronal X-ray emissions from the associated eruptions due to the limited dynamic range of current instrumentation. Occulted events, where the main flare is blocked by the solar limb, provide an opportunity to observe and analyse the X-ray emissions specifically associated with CMEs.
Aims. This study investigates the X-ray and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emissions associated with a large filament eruption and CME that occurred on February 15, 2022. This event was highly occulted from the three vantage points of Solar Orbiter (∼45° behind the limb), Solar–TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO-A), and Earth.
Methods. We utilised X-ray observations from the Spectrometer/Telescope for Imaging X-rays (STIX) and EUV observations from the Full Sun Imager (FSI) of the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUI) on board Solar Orbiter, supplemented by multi-viewpoint observations from STEREO-A/Extreme-UltraViolet Imager (EUVI). This enabled a comprehensive analysis of the X-ray emissions in relation to the filament structure observed in the EUV. We used STIX’s imaging and spectroscopy capabilities to characterise the X-ray source associated with the eruption.
Results. Our analysis reveals that the X-ray emissions associated with the occulted eruption originate from an altitude exceeding 0.3 R⊙ above the main flare site. The X-ray time profile shows a sharp increase and exponential decay, and consists of both a hot thermal component at 17 ± 2 MK and non-thermal emissions (> 11.4 ± 0.2 keV) characterised by an electron spectral index of 3.9 ± 0.2. Imaging analysis shows an extended X-ray source that coincides with the EUV emission as observed from EUI, and was imaged until the source grew to a size exceeding the STIX imaging limit (180″).
Conclusions. Filament eruptions and associated CMEs have hot and non-thermal components, and the associated X-ray emissions are energetically significant. Our findings demonstrate that STIX combined with EUI provides a unique and powerful tool for examining the energetic properties of the CME component of solar energetic eruptions. Multi-viewpoint and multi-instrument observations are crucial for revealing such energetically significant sources in solar eruptions that might otherwise remain obscured.
Social Determinants of Preterm Birth amongst Non-Hispanic Black Individuals
Authors: Fru Diane N. , Kelly Elizabeth , Orischak Matthew , DeFranco Emily A. 
Published: September 2024

Objective Non-Hispanic Black individuals are disproportionately affected by preterm birth (PTB), a major driver of the racial disparity in infant mortality in the United States. The objective of this study is to identify indicators of social determinants of health (SDoH) that contribute to preterm
birth amongst non-Hispanic Black individuals.
Study Design Population-based retrospective case–control study of U.S. birth records (2012–2016). Factors potentially associated with PTB and considered indicators of SDoH were compared between singleton live births of non-Hispanic Black individuals delivering preterm (<37 weeks of gestation) and term (≥37 weeks of gestation). Logistic regression quantified the association between SDoH and PTB such as insurance, education, and prenatal care visits and reported as odds ratios (ORs; 95% confidence interval, CI).
Results Of 2,763,235 live births to Black individuals, 340,480 (12%) occurred <37 weeks of gestation. Factors most strongly associated with PTB (p < 0.001), presented as OR (95% CI), included no prenatal care 3.0 (95% CI: 2.9–3.1) or insufficient prenatal care 2.7 (95% CI: 2.7–2.8), smoking during pregnancy 1.4 (95% CI: 1.43–1.47), unmarried 1.18 (95% CI: 1.17–1.19), lack of high school diploma 1.1 (95% CI: 1.12–1.40), lack of father of baby listed on birth certificate 1.22 (1.21–1.23), and Black paternal race 1.10 (1.08–1.12). Receipt of WIC (women, infants, and children) during the pregnancy had a protective effect on PTB risk in Black individuals, OR 0.83 (0.83–0.84).
Conclusion Pregnancies in Black individuals who are ≥35 years old, smoke tobacco, utilize Medicaid insurance, have less than a high school education, are unmarried, have little to no prenatal care, Black paternal race, and lack of father of baby listed on birth record had increased risk of PTB. Understanding the lived experience of Black pregnant people and these selected indicators of SDoH that contribute to the risk of PTB may inform development of interventions to address the racial disparity in PTB in the United States.
Key Points
Risks Associated with Prolonged Latent Phase of Labor
Authors: Burd Julia , Woolfolk Candice , Dombrowski Michael , Carter Ebony B. , Kelly Jeannie C. , Frolova Antonina , Odibo Anthony , Cahill Alison G. , Raghuraman Nandini 
Published: September 2024

Objective We sought to assess the impact of a prolonged latent phase (PLP) on maternal and neonatal morbidity.
Study Design This is a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study conducted 2010 to 2015 that included all term gravidas who reached active labor (6 cm). Primary outcomes were composite maternal morbidity (maternal fever, postpartum hemorrhage, transfusion, endometritis, and severe perineal lacerations) and composite neonatal morbidity (respiratory distress syndrome, mechanical ventilation, birth injury, seizures, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, therapeutic hypothermia, or umbilical artery pH ≤ 7.1). Outcomes were compared between patients with and without PLP, defined as ≥90th percentile of labor duration between admission and active phase. Results were stratified by induction of labor (IOL) versus spontaneous labor. A stratified analysis was performed by mode of delivery. Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for confounders.
Results In this cohort of 6,509 patients, 51% underwent IOL. A total of 650 patients had a PLP with a median length of 8.5 hours in spontaneous labor and 18.8 hours in IOL. Among patients with PLP, there was a significant increase in composite maternal morbidity with both IOL (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01, 1.84) and spontaneous labor (aOR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.04) and an increase in composite neonatal morbidity with spontaneous labor only (aOR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.45). Cesarean delivery occurred more often in PLP group (14.0 vs. 25.1%). Among patients who underwent cesarean delivery, PLP remained associated with increased odds of maternal morbidity compared with those with normal latent phase.
Conclusion PLP at or above the 90th percentile in patients who reach active labor is associated with increased risk of maternal morbidity that is not mediated by cesarean delivery. PLP in spontaneous labor is associated with increased neonatal morbidity. These data suggest that further research is needed to establish latent phase cutoffs that may be incorporated into labor management guidelines.
Key Points
Investigation of the Abraham–Minkowski dilemma in Smith–Purcell radiation from photonic crystals
Authors: Chen Suguo , Wang Pengtao , Wang Yue , Huang Sunchao , Hou Lei 
Published: September 2024

The debate over whether light’s momentum within a medium is accurately described by Abraham or Minkowski formulation has persisted for over a century. To our knowledge, this dilemma has not been explored within the context of Smith–Purcell radiation. This is because, in conventional Smith–Purcell radiation scenarios, the refractive index is equal to one, leading both the Abraham and Minkowski formulations to yield identical results. Here, we investigate the Abraham–Minkowski dilemma within the realm of Smith–Purcell radiation from photonic crystals, where the refractive index deviates from one. In particular, we find that 3 MeV free electrons impinge a photonic crystal with a grating length of 2.1 μm, resulting in the emission of red light when analyzed based on Abraham’s momentum and blue light when analyzed based on Minkowski’s momentum. In addition, our findings reveal that the disparity in wavelength as predicted by Abraham’s momentum and Minkowski’s momentum depends on the grating length and the refractive index. Our findings offer a method to address the Abraham–Minkowski dilemma within the context of Smith–Purcell radiation, thereby enhancing our understanding of both the Abraham–Minkowski dilemma and Smith–Purcell radiation.
Impact of proton radiation and annealing of CMOS image sensors on star sensor performance
Authors: Cui Yi-Hao , Feng Jie , Li Yu-Dong , Liu Bingkai , Wen Lin , Guo Qi 
Published: September 2024

Star sensors play a crucial role as high-precision optical attitude navigation devices in satellite attitude control systems. The CMOS image sensor is an important component of the imaging system of the star sensor and experiences performance degradation due to the total ionizing dose effect and displacement damage effect in the radiation environment of its long-term operational workspace. As a result, the detection capability and attitude positioning accuracy of the star sensor gradually deteriorate. The performance of CMOS image sensors can be partially restored after annealing but the impact on the performance of star sensors is unclear. This study conducted 100 MeV proton irradiation experiments with different fluences on CMOS image sensors and performed room temperature and high temperature annealing treatments. By testing and analyzing the performance of star sensors equipped with irradiated and different annealing treatments on CMOS image sensors, the impact mechanism of CMOS image sensor radiation damage and annealing recovery on the performance variation of star sensors was obtained. This study provides theoretical support for reliability of long-term in-orbit star sensors.
Bachatéame, pero con la /s/
Authors: Willis Erik W. 
Published: September 2024

Abstracta
El presente estudio analiza la /s/ implosiva en la bachata, un género musical de la República Dominicana asociado
con la clase popular. Se examina la producción de la /s/ implosiva en canciones de trece bachateros y en entrevistas públicas de
un subgrupo de seis integrantes. Los resultados de las canciones de bachata muestran un alto porcentaje de realizaciones completas
de la /s/ implosiva (mayor a 97%); sin embargo, en las entrevistas, la realización completa de la /s/ implosiva se produjo con
menos frecuencia (un promedio de 18%). Al comparar los dos estilos de comunicación, se observa que los bachateros modifican el uso
normal de la elisión de la /s/ implosiva en este dialecto cuando cantan bachata. A pesar de las raíces humildes del género, la
producción de la /s/ implosiva en las canciones de bachata demuestra un comportamiento lingüísticamente hipercorrecto que se
asemeja al habla más formal de los medios de comunicación.
On the magnetostatic scalar potential and magnetic field of a cylindrical magnet
Authors: Martín-Luna P , Gimeno B , González-Iglesias D , Boronat M , Fuster-Martínez N , Martinez-Reviriego P , Martínez E , Menéndez A , Pedraza L , Esperante D 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The magnetostatic potential and magnetic field of a solid and hollow cylindrical magnet is calculated everywhere in space in terms of complete elliptic integrals. These expressions are calculated using an electromagnetic analogy with the electrostatic potential and electric field of two uniformly charged disks with opposite surface density. The analogy is employed to study intuitively the discontinuities and the dipolar approximation of the fields

H

⃗

and

B

⃗

. The range of validity of the dipolar approximation has been studied along the cylinder axis and in the midplane perpendicular to the cylinder axis, comparing them with the obtained general expression.
1D modeling of plasma streamers at ammonia-air flame conditions
Authors: Sanjeev Taneja Taaresh , Sitaraman Hariswaran , Yang Suo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Self-consistent 1D modeling of streamers in ammonia-oxygen-nitrogen-water mixtures has been performed in this work. A fluid model that includes species transport, electrostatic potential, and detailed chemistry was developed and verified. This model is then used to simulate the avalanche, streamer formation and propagation phases, driven by a nanosecond voltage pulse, at different thermochemical conditions derived from a 1D laminar premixed ammonia-air flame. The applicability of the Meek’s criterion in predicting the streamer inception location was successfully confirmed. Streamer formation and propagation duration were found to vary significantly with different thermochemical conditions, due to the difference in ionization rates. The thermochemical state also affected the breakdown characteristics which was tested by maintaining the background reduced electric field constant. Detailed kinetic analyses revealed the importance of

O

(
1

D

)

in the production of key radicals, such as O, OH, and NH2. Furthermore, the contributions of the dissociative electronic excitation of NH3 towards the production of H and NH2 radicals have also been reported. Spatial and temporal evolution of the electron energy loss fractions for various inelastic collision processes at different thermochemical states uncovered the input plasma energy spent of fuel dissociation and the large variability in the dominant processes during the avalanche and streamer propagation phases. The methodology and analyses reported in this work are key towards developing effective strategies for controlled nanosecond-pulsed non-equilibrium plasma sources used for ammonia ignition and flame stabilization.