bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy Conservation Ordinance 2014 – On the way to the nearly zero energy building / EnEV 2014 – auf dem Weg zum Niedrigstenergiegebäude
Authors: Maas Anton 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe tightening of the Energy Conservation Ordinance in 2016 provides the first step toward the introduction of nearly zero energy buildings. The level of performance for residential buildings after 2020 will most likely attain an energy quality close to the primary energy consumption of the KfW Efficiency House 55 today, at least regarding performance. The following report describes the requirements methodology of the Energy Conservation Ordinance 2014, including the KfW promotion, and provides calculation examples to clarify the issues.
Sustainable building with masonry / Nachhaltiges Bauen mit Mauerwerk
Authors: Graubner Carl‐Alexander , Förster Valentin , Schmitt Michael , Koob Benjamin , Pohl Sebastian 
Published: January 2016

AbstractEcology, energy and sustainability are crucial socio‐economic keywords, especially for the construction and real estate industry. In recent years, the masonry industry faced related sustainability issues intensively in order to keep its ability of operating in a market setting which is increasingly characterized by sustainability dogmata. Scientific analyses and studies on an objectified sustainability basis – such as established certification systems – show that masonry is absolutely competitive with all other market‐relevant construction methods. Therefore, the first part of this paper deals with a sustainability assessment of buildings made of masonry as well as of other construction materials.Concerning the design and construction of masonry, further selected aspects are discussed which are important for the competitiveness of this building technique. Outlining the simple yet economic pre‐dimensioning with the help of load capacity tables is one topic which is of utmost importance for an efficient structural design. Additional aspects are the design of laterally loaded exterior walls with low vertical forces and the verification of basement walls under high earth pressure load. New and easy to use design proposals are open for discussion. Finally, the educational portal “masonry structures” of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Mauerwerks‐ und Wohnungsbau (DGfM) (German society for masonry and residential construction), which supports the training of young engineers, is presented.
Soluble neprilysin does not correlate with outcome in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Goliasch Georg , Pavo Noemi , Zotter‐Tufaro Caroline , Kammerlander Andreas , Duca Franz , Mascherbauer Julia , Bonderman Diana 
Published: January 2016

AimsCirculating soluble neprilysin, an endopeptidase that catalyses the degradation of various endogenous vasodilators, predicts outcome in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). In the present study, we measured for the first time circulating soluble neprilysin in a prospective cohort of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and correlated the serum levels to outcome, functional markers, established risk factors for HFpEF, myocardial fibrosis assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging, as well as histological data obtained by myocardial biopsy and various invasive haemodynamic measurements.Methods and resultsWe prospectively included 144 consecutive patients with HFpEF in our observational, non‐interventional registry. Echocardiography, CMR imaging, and invasive haemodynamic assessments including myocardial biopsy were performed at baseline. We did not observe a significant association between soluble neprilysin levels and hospitalization for heart failure and/or death in the Cox regression analysis (P = 0.56). Furthermore, there were no significant differences between tertiles of neprilysin in outcome, functional markers, established risk factors for HFpEF, CMR measurements including post‐contrast T1 time, extracellular matrix obtained by myocardial biopsy, and invasive haemodynamic measurements. NT‐proBNP demonstrated a weak correlation with levels of soluble neprilysin (r = − 0.26, P = 0.002).ConclusionOur results describe for the first time circulating levels of soluble neprilysin in patients with HFpEF. In contrast to HFrEF, we could not confirm an association between neprilysin levels and cardiovascular mortality or hospitalization for heart failure.
Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Counseling Services Among Chinese International Students: Acculturation, Ethnic Identity, and English Proficiency
Authors: Li Jiaqi , Marbley Aretha Faye , Bradley Loretta J. , Lan William 
Published: January 2016

The authors examined the help‐seeking attitudes of 109 Chinese international students studying in the United States. Results revealed that significant relationships exist among acculturation, ethnic identity, English proficiency, and attitudes toward seeking professional counseling services. Limitations and recommendations for future research are discussed.Los autores examinaron las actitudes hacia la búsqueda de ayuda de 109 estudiantes internacionales chinos cursando estudios en Estados Unidos. Los resultados revelaron que existen relaciones significativas entre la aculturación, la indentidad étnica, el dominio del idioma y las actitudes hacia la búsqueda de servicios profesionales de consejería. Se discuten las limitaciones y recomendaciones para investigaciones futuras.
Case‐control study evaluating competing risk factors for angioedema in a high‐risk population
Authors: Kamil Rebecca J. , Jerschow Elina , Loftus Patricia A. , Tan Melin , Fried Marvin P. , Smith Richard V. , Foster David , Ow Thomas J. 
Published: January 2016

Objectives/HypothesisBlack race is a risk factor for angioedema. The primary aim was to examine the relationship between race–ethnicity and risk factors for angioedema.Study DesignUsing a retrospective case‐control study design, data was extracted with the Clinical Looking Glass utility, a data collection and management tool that captures data from electronic medical record systems within the Montefiore Healthcare System. Cases were emergency department (ED) visits with primary or secondary International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, code diagnoses of angioedema in adults aged ≥ 18 years from January 2008 to December 2013 at three Montefiore centers in Bronx, New York. Controls were a random sampling of adult ED visits during the same period.MethodsIn primary analyses, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE‐I) and black race were evaluated for synergy. The influence of different risk factors in the development of angioedema was evaluated using logistic regression models. Finally, race–ethnicity was further explored by evaluating for effect modification by stratification of models by race–ethnicity categories.ResultsThere were 1,247 cases and 6,500 controls randomly selected from a larger control pool. ACE‐I use (odds ratio [OR] 3.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.98, 4.60), hypertension (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.55, 2.29), and black race (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.86, 2.72) were the strongest risk factors. ACE‐I use and black race were not synergistic (OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.80, 1.51). Race–ethnicity was an effect modifier for certain risk factors.ConclusionRace–ethnicity acts as an effect modifier for particular angioedema risk factors. The two strongest risk factors, ACE‐I use and black race, were not synergistic.Level of Evidence3b. Laryngoscope, 126:1823–1830, 2016
Von Menschen gemachte Erdbeben
Authors: Ritter Joachim 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMit induzierter Seismizität bezeichnet man Erdbebenprozesse, die durch äußere, meist menschliche, Eingriffe in den Untergrund verursacht werden. Die zunehmende Nutzung von Bodenschätzen hat weltweit zu vermehrter induzierter Seismizität geführt. Auch Deutschland ist davon betroffen. Besonders Fluidinjektionen in die Erdkruste, etwa beim Hydraulic Fracking, können direkt Bruchvorgänge erzeugen. Sie können zudem auf Verwerfungen stärkere Erdbeben auslösen, wenn tektonische Spannungszustände dies begünstigen. Entscheidend ist hierbei, dass der Porendruck des Fluids die stabilisierende Normalspannung auf einer Verwerfungsfläche reduziert und bruchhaftes Versagen fördert. Ein künstlicher Fluideintrag in das Gebirge kann daher zum Hebel für getriggerte Erdbeben werden, die deutlich spürbar sind.
Sichere Kommunikation per Quantenrepeater
Authors: Becher Christoph , Meschede Dieter , Michler Peter , Werner Reinhard 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDie Quantenschlüsselverteilung bietet eine physikalische Methode, die eine fundamental abhörsichere Kommunikation mit Photonen als Quantenbits (Qubits) ermöglicht. Allerdings beschränken Verluste in Glasfasern die Punkt‐zu‐Punkt‐Verbindungen auf circa 100 km Entfernung. Der Quantenrepeater überwindet diese Schranke, indem er zwei oder mehr Strecken durch Quantenoperationen verknüpft. Die einzelnen Komponenten, mit denen ein Quantenrepeater gebaut werden kann, sind derzeit ein aktives Forschungsfeld. Quantenoptik und Halbleiterphysik tragen dazu bei, diese Komponenten zu realisieren. Sie umfassen effiziente Photonenquellen, Photonentransformatoren und Quantenspeicher.
Von der Jagd zum Sport
Authors: Thaller Sigrid , Mathelitsch Leopold 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBeim Bogenschießen spielen mechanische Eigenschaften von Pfeil und Bogen wie Schwingungen, Energieübertragung und Widerstände eine große Rolle. Zusätzlich sind aber auch neurologische und physiologische Eigenschaften des Schützen von Bedeutung. Dazu zählen Ansteuerung und Ermüdung der Muskulatur beim Zielen und rechtzeitige Aktivierung der Muskulatur zum Stabilisieren des Bogens beim Abschuss.
Die Frau in der zweiten Reihe
Authors: Loos Andreas 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSie wird nur relativ berühmt: als die physikalische Muse in der zweiten Reihe, als zunächst sehr, dann wenig geliebte Ehefrau eines relativ bekannten Physikers, mit dem sie eine Tochter und zwei Söhne bekommt. Dass sie selbst eine intelligente Physikstudentin war, ist relativ wenig bekannt.
Exzitonen unter dem Mikroskop
Authors: Kuhnke Klaus , Große Christoph , Merino Pablo , Roslawska Anna , Kern Klaus 
Published: January 2016

AbstractVon Leuchtdioden abgestrahltes Licht entsteht, wenn positive und negative Ladungsträger aufeinander treffen und für kurze Zeit Elektron‐Loch‐Paare, sogenannte Exzitonen, bilden. Unserer Gruppe am Max‐Planck‐Institut für Festkörperforschung ist es gelungen, die Zeitstruktur dieser Lichtemission aus einem C60‐Molekülfilm mit bisher unerreichter räumlicher Trennschärfe zu untersuchen.
Signale aus dem Nichts – Abtasten von Vakuum‐Fluktuationen
Authors: Riek Claudius , Seletskiy Denis V. , Leitenstorfer Alfred 
Published: January 2016

AbstractVakuum‐Fluktuationen sind eine grundlegende Konsequenz der Heisenbergschen Unschärferelation. Motiviert durch die Tatsache, dass elektrische und magnetische Feldamplituden nicht gleichzeitig verschwinden können, beschreibt die Quantenelektrodynamik (QED) sie als Photonen, die spontan aus dem Nichts entstehen und wieder zerfallen. Die Lebensdauer dieser virtuellen Anregungen ist dabei durch die Oszillationsperiode der Strahlung im jeweiligen Frequenzbereich gegeben. Mit einer Zeitauflösung besser als eine Lichtschwingung ist es uns an der Universität Konstanz gelungen, diese “Signale aus dem Nichts” direkt zu messen.
Migration of 17 Photoinitiators from Printing Inks and Cardboard into Packaged Food – Results of a Belgian Market Survey
Authors: Van Den Houwe K. , Van Heyst A. , Evrard C. , Van Loco J. , Bolle F. , Lynen F. , Van Hoeck E. 
Published: January 2016

Photoinitiators are widely used to cure ink on packaging materials used in food applications such as carton boards and can contaminate the food by migrating into the food. In this contribution, a fast and reliable confirmation method for the determination of photoinitiators in dry foodstuffs is described: benzophenone (BP), 4,4′‐bis(diethylamino)benzophenone (DEAB), 2‐chloro‐9H‐thioxanthen‐9‐one (CTX), 1‐chloro‐4‐ropoxy‐9H‐thioxanthen‐9‐one (CPTX), 2,2‐dimethoxy‐ 2‐phenyl acetophenone (DMPA), 4‐(dimethylamino)benzophenone (DMBP), 2‐ethylanthraquinone (EA), 2‐ethylhexyl‐4‐dimethylaminobenzoate (EDB), ethyl‐4‐dimethylaminobenzoate (EDMAB), 4‐hydroxybenzophenone (4‐HBP), 1‐hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone (HCPK), 2‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxybenzophenone (HMBP), 2‐hydroxy‐4′‐(2‐hydroxyethoxy)‐2‐methylpropiophenone (HMMP), 2‐isopropyl‐9H‐thioxanthen‐9‐one (ITX), 4‐methylbenzophenone (MBP), 4,4′‐bis(dimethylamino)benzophenone (MK) and 4‐phenylbenzophenone (PBZ).Dry foodstuffs were extracted using acetonitrile, followed by the addition of inorganic salts to precipitate fatty residues. After filtration, the extract was analysed using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography in combination with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS). Quantification was carried out using benzophenone‐d10 (BP‐d10) as internal standard. The presented method was successfully validated in‐house. Afterwards, the procedure was applied in a marketing study, investigating 97 dry foodstuffs purchased on the Belgian market. In 89% of the samples, at least one photoinitiator was detected. The photoinitiators BP, EDMA and DMPA were most frequently found, while some photoinitiators (CPTX, DEAB, DMBP, HCPK, HMBP and MK) were never detected. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesizing structural and behavioral control for reconfigurations in component-based systems
Authors: Khakpour Narges , Arbab Farhad , Rutten Eric 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Correctness of the behavior of an adaptive system during dynamic adaptation is an important challenge to realize correct adaptive systems. Dynamic adaptation refers to changes to both the functionality of the computational entities that comprise a composite system, as well as the structure of their interconnections, in response to variations in the environment, e.g., the load of requests on a server system. In this research, we view the problem of correct structural adaptation as a supervisory control problem and synthesize a reconfiguration controller that guides the behavior of a system during adaptation. The reconfiguration controller observes the system behavior during an adaptation and controls the system behavior by allowing/disallowing actions in a way to ensure that a given property is satisfied and a deadlock is avoided. The system during adaptation is modeled using a graph transition system and properties to be enforced are specified using a graph automaton. We adapt a classical theory of supervisory control for synthesizing a controller for controlling the behavior of a system modeled using graph transition systems. This theory is used to synthesize a controller that can impose both behavioral and structural constraints on the system during an adaptation. We apply a tool that we have implemented to support our approach on a case study involving https servers.
Component-wise incremental LTL model checking
Authors: Molnár Vince , Vörös András , Darvas Dániel , Bartha Tamás , Majzik István 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Efficient symbolic and explicit-state model checking approaches have been developed for the verification of linear time temporal logic (LTL) properties. Several attempts have been made to combine the advantages of the various algorithms. Model checking LTL properties usually poses two challenges: one must compute the synchronous product of the state space and the automaton model of the desired property, then look for counterexamples that is reduced to finding strongly connected components (SCCs) in the state space of the product. In case of concurrent systems, where the phenomenon of state space explosion often prevents the successful verification, the so-called saturation algorithm has proved its efficiency in state space exploration. This paper proposes a new approach that leverages the saturation algorithm both as an iteration strategy constructing the product directly, as well as in a new fixed-point computation algorithm to find strongly connected components on-the-fly by incrementally processing the components of the model. Complementing the search for SCCs, explicit techniques and component-wise abstractions are used to prove the absence of counterexamples. The resulting on-the-fly, incremental LTL model checking algorithm proved to scale well with the size of models, as the evaluation on models of the Model Checking Contest suggests.
Impact of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) on Skeletal Muscle Metabolism
Authors: Kim Yoo , Kim Jonggun , Whang Kwang‐Youn , Park Yeonhwa 
Published: January 2016

AbstractConjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has garnered special attention as a food bioactive compound that prevents and attenuates obesity. Although most studies on the effects of CLA on obesity have focused on the reduction of body fat, a number of studies have demonstrated that CLA also increases lean body mass and enhances physical performances. It has been suggested that these effects may be due in part to physiological changes in the skeletal muscle, such as changes in the muscle fiber type transformation, alteration of the intracellular signaling pathways in muscle metabolism, or energy metabolism. However, the mode of action for CLA in muscle metabolism is not completely understood. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of the effects of CLA on skeletal muscle metabolism. Given that CLA not only reduces body fat, but also improves lean mass, there is great potential for the use of CLA to improve muscle metabolism, which would have a significant health impact.
Sterol O‐Acyltransferase 2‐Driven Cholesterol Esterification Opposes Liver X Receptor‐Stimulated Fecal Neutral Sterol Loss
Authors: Warrier Manya , Zhang Jun , Bura Kanwardeep , Kelley Kathryn , Wilson Martha D. , Rudel Lawrence L. , Brown J. Mark 
Published: January 2016

AbstractStatin drugs have proven a successful and relatively safe therapy for the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, even with the substantial low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol lowering achieved with statin treatment, CVD remains the top cause of death in developed countries. Selective inhibitors of the cholesterol esterifying enzyme sterol‐O acyltransferase 2 (SOAT2) hold great promise as effective CVD therapeutics. In mouse models, previous work has demonstrated that either antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) or small molecule inhibitors of SOAT2 can effectively reduce CVD progression, and even promote regression of established CVD. Although it is well known that SOAT2‐driven cholesterol esterification can alter both the packaging and retention of atherogenic apoB‐containing lipoproteins, here we set out to determine whether SOAT2‐driven cholesterol esterification can also impact basal and liver X receptor (LXR)‐stimulated fecal neutral sterol loss. These studies demonstrate that SOAT2 is a negative regulator of LXR‐stimulated fecal neutral sterol loss in mice.
What's Not in On Liberty: The Pacific Theory of Freedom of Discussion in the Early Nineteenth Century
Authors: Conti Gregory 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIt is often assumed that John Stuart Mill's On Liberty (1859) is representative of the major lines of thought on the freedoms of discussion and the press in the period. In fact, however, Mill's treatise was selective about the kinds of reasons it admitted in support of these liberties. This essay depicts one set of arguments that Mill omitted and that has subsequently been overlooked in the history of political thought. An important element of liberal thought in early nineteenth-century Britain was that the liberty of the press made indispensable contributions to domestic peace and stability. These pacific arguments were elaborated in a wide variety of forms by a number of authors. More specifically, the view that unrestricted liberty of discussion was necessary for peace and political stability drew on an older tradition of thinking about religious toleration as well as newer ideas about the functioning of economic markets and the place of public opinion in the politics of modern societies. In the hands of its proponents, the view assumed psychological, historical, sociological, or metaphysical dimensions. Even though prominent thinkers, including his own father, were associated with this pacific outlook on the liberty of the press, John Stuart Mill rejected it both as an empirically dubious proposition and as an insufficient moral basis on which to build an enduring commitment to open public discussion.
Involving the Public: Parliament, Petitioning, and the Language of Interest, 1688–1720
Authors: Loft Philip 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis article examines the nature of petitioning to the Westminster Parliament from the beginnings of the “rage of party” to the establishment of the whig oligarchy. It uses the largely unused archive of the House of Lords, which survived the parliamentary fire in 1834, to provide systematic evidence of public subscription to petitions produced in response to legislation. A total of 330 “large responsive petitions,” signed by fifty-six thousand people, were presented to the Lords between 1688 and 1720. This enabled a wide range of social and geographical groups to lobby Parliament. Parliamentarians actively sought to direct the public into voicing opinion through petitioning on matters of policy. The intervention of the language of “interest” from the mid-seventeenth century helped to legitimize and control public involvement in politics in the eyes of elites, and offered an alternative to political mobilization based on party allegiances and conceptions of society organized by ranks or sorts. The participation of the public through a regulated process of petitioning ensured that the whig oligarchy was porous and open to negotiation, despite the passage of the Septennial Act and declining party and electoral strife after 1716.
War of the British Worlds: The Anglo-Argentines and the Falklands
Authors: Mercau Ezequiel 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe 1982 Falklands War was shrouded in symbolism, bringing to the fore divergent conceptions of Britishness, kinship, and belonging. This article casts light on the persistent purchase of the idea of Greater Britain long after the end of empire, addressing a case that would normally be deemed outside its spatial and temporal boundaries. By highlighting the inherent contradictions of this transnational bond, the South Atlantic conflict had a profound effect on an underexposed British community with a lingering attachment to a “British world”: the Anglo-Argentines. As they found themselves wedged between two irreconcilable identities, divisions threatened to derail this already enfeebled grouping. Yet leaders of the community, presuming a common Britishness with the Falkland Islanders and Britons in the United Kingdom, sought to intervene in the conflict by reaching out to both. That their efforts were met with indifference, and sometimes scorn, only underlines how contingent and frail the idea of Greater Britain was by 1982. Yet this article also reveals how wide ranging the consequences of the crisis of Greater Britain were, and how its global reach was acutely put to the test by pitting different “British worlds” against each other.