bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creating Accessible Active Sites in Hierarchical MFI Zeolites for Low‐Temperature Acid Catalysis
Authors: Erigoni Andrea , Newland Stephanie H. , Paul Geo , Marchese Leonardo , Raja Robert , Gianotti Enrica 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA versatile desilication design strategy for the creation of hierarchical H–ZSM‐5 zeolite catalysts with different Si/Al ratios has been demonstrated. The nature, strength, and the accessibility of the acid sites after the alkaline treatment was elucidated by employing a range of physico‐chemical characterization tools; notably probe‐based FTIR spectroscopy along with Solid State (SS) MAS NMR spectroscopy. In addition, structural and textural properties of the hierarchical zeolites were also explored and compared to their corresponding microporous analogues. CO was used to probe the acidic properties of the hierarchical zeolites with the concomitant deployment of a bulky molecular probe, 2,4,6‐trimethylpyridine (collidine), which is too large to access the micropores, to specifically investigate the enhanced accessibility of the active sites. The hierarchical zeolites were evaluated in the industrially relevant, acid‐catalyzed Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanoneoxime to ϵ‐caprolactam, the precursor for Nylon‐6, in liquid phase and at low temperatures. The catalytic findings with the hierarchical catalysts reveal a significant enhancement in the production of ϵ‐caprolactam, compared with the parent microporous H–ZSM‐5 zeolite, thereby highlighting the merits of our design approach in facilitating enhanced diffusion and mass transfer.
Crystal Dynamics in Multi‐stimuli‐Responsive Entangled Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Kanoo Prakash , Haldar Ritesh , Reddy Sandeep K. , Hazra Arpan , Bonakala Satyanarayana , Matsuda Ryotaro , Kitagawa Susumu , Balasubramanian Sundaram , Maji Tapas Kumar 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAn understanding of solid‐state crystal dynamics or flexibility in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) showing multiple structural changes is highly demanding for the design of materials with potential applications in sensing and recognition. However, entangled MOFs showing such flexible behavior pose a great challenge in terms of extracting information on their dynamics because of their poor single‐crystallinity. In this article, detailed experimental studies on a twofold entangled MOF (f‐MOF‐1) are reported, which unveil its structural response toward external stimuli such as temperature, pressure, and guest molecules. The crystallographic study shows multiple structural changes in f‐MOF‐1, by which the 3 D net deforms and slides upon guest removal. Two distinct desolvated phases, that is, f‐MOF‐1 a and f‐MOF‐1 b, could be isolated; the former is a metastable one and transformable to the latter phase upon heating. The two phases show different gated CO2 adsorption profiles. DFT‐based calculations provide an insight into the selective and gated adsorption behavior with CO2 of f‐MOF‐1 b. The gate‐opening threshold pressure of CO2 adsorption can be tuned strategically by changing the chemical functionality of the linker from ethanylene (−CH2−CH2−) in f‐MOF‐1 to an azo (−N=N−) functionality in an analogous MOF, f‐MOF‐2. The modulation of functionality has an indirect influence on the gate‐opening pressure owing to the difference in inter‐net interaction. The framework of f‐MOF‐1 is highly responsive toward CO2 gas molecules, and these results are supported by DFT calculations.
High incidence of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with left ventricular enlargement and moderate left ventricular dysfunction
Authors: Zhao Shuang , Chen Keping , Su Yangang , Hua Wei , Yang Jiefu , Chen Silin , Liang Zhaoguang , Xu Wei , Zhang Shu 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundLeft ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤35% is the cutoff value used to identify patients at high risk of sudden cardiac death. However, whether patients who have moderate left ventricular dysfunction and left ventricular enlargement (LVE) have a high risk of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) and cardiac death is unclear.HypothesisPatients with moderate left ventricular dysfunction and LVE may have a high risk of VAs.MethodsThis study retrospectively analyzed the data of 853 patients who have an implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator/cardiac resynchronization therapy cardioverter‐defibrillator equipped with home monitoring. The patients were divided into 4 groups: group A, 35% < LVEF ≤ 45% and left ventricular end‐diastolic dimension (LVEDD) ≥60 mm; group B, LVEF ≤35% and LVEDD <60 mm; group C, 35% < LVEF ≤ 45% and LVEDD <60 mm; and group D, LVEF ≤35% and LVEDD ≥60 mm.ResultsDuring a mean follow‐up period of 30 ± 13 months, 324 patients (38%) experienced VAs and 125 patients (14.7%) experienced cardiac death. Based on multivariate Cox regression modeling, group A had an increased risk of VAs (A vs B, hazard ratio [HR]: 1.563, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.029‐2.375, P = 0.036; A vs C, HR: 1.661, 95% CI: 1.204‐2.294, P = 0.002) and cardiac death (A vs B, HR: 1.845, 95% CI: 1.013‐3.356; A vs C, HR: 2.041, 95% CI: 1.136‐3.731, P = 0.021).ConclusionsPatients with moderate left ventricular dysfunction and LVE have a high risk of VAs and cardiac death.
Heart failure and risk of dementia: a Danish nationwide population‐based cohort study
Authors: Adelborg Kasper , Horváth‐Puhó Erzsébet , Ording Anne , Pedersen Lars , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Henderson Victor W. 
Published: September 2016

AimsThe association between heart failure and dementia remains unclear. We assessed the risk of dementia among patients with heart failure and members of a general population comparison cohort.Methods and resultsIndividual‐level data from Danish medical registries were linked in this nationwide population‐based cohort study comparing patients with a first‐time hospitalization for heart failure between 1980 and 2012 and a year of birth‐, sex‐, and calendar year‐matched comparison cohort from the general population. Stratified Cox regression analysis was used to compute 1–35‐year hazard ratios (HRs) for the risk of all‐cause dementia and, secondarily, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and other dementias. Analyses included 324 418 heart failure patients and 1 622 079 individuals from the general population (median age 77 years, 52% male). Compared with the general population cohort, risk of all‐cause dementia was increased among heart failure patients [adjusted HR 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18–1.24]. The associations were stronger in men and in heart failure patients under age 70. Heart failure patients had higher risks of vascular dementia (adjusted HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.40–1.59) and other dementias (adjusted HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.26–1.34) than members of the general population cohort. Heart failure was not associated with Alzheimer's disease (adjusted HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.96–1.04).ConclusionHeart failure was associated with an increased risk of all‐cause dementia. Heart failure may represent a risk factor for dementia, but not necessarily for Alzheimer's disease.
Radiation‐Hard and Ultralightweight Polycrystalline Cadmium Telluride Thin‐Film Solar Cells for Space Applications
Authors: Yang Gwangseok , Cho Eun Woo , Hwang Yun Jeong , Min Byoung Koun , Kang Yoonmook , Kim Donghwan , Kim Jihyun 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAchieving high‐specific‐power and radiation hardness of solar cells is of great importance to perform tasks and achieve duration in space. Therefore, we investigated the proton irradiation resistance of ultralightweight CdS/CdTe thin film solar cells having high specific power values. High‐energy proton beams (15 MeV) with doses ranging from 1×1012 to 1×1015 cm−2 were used, equivalent to more than 2000 years in low Earth orbit. Although 70 % decrease in cell conversion efficiency was observed after proton irradiation with dose of 1×1015 cm−2, it still maintained the photovoltaic performance. The specific power of the fabricated cell decreased from 358 W kg−1 to 109 W kg−1 after proton irradiation (dose=1×1015 cm−2), which is still comparable to specific powers of other types of solar cells. Our work indicated that reduction of short circuit current is a major factor of deterioration of the cell performance under the high energy proton irradiation. This work revealed that our lightweight CdS/CdTe solar cells have significant potential for the use in space applications: reduction of launch cost by achieving high specific power and assurance of durability over prolonged space missions.
α‐d‐Glucofuranose and α‐d‐allofuranose diacetonides and silyl ether of α‐d‐glucofuranose diacetonide in dithiophosphorylation reactions
Authors: Nizamov Ilyas S. , Nikitin Yevgeniy N. , Nizamov Ilnar D. , Belov Timur G. , Voloshina Alexandra D. , Batyeva Elvira S. , Cherkasov Rafael A. 
Published: September 2016

Abstractα‐d‐Glucofuranose and α‐d‐allofuranose diacetonides react with 2,4‐diorganyl 1,3,2,4‐dithiadiphosphetane‐2,4‐disulfides to form optically active dithiophosphonates in 78–81% yields, which are transformed into the corresponding ammonium salts in 90–97% yields by the treatment of n‐hexadecylamine. The S‐silyldithiophosphonate was prepared in 93% yield by the reaction of 2,4‐bis(butoxyphenyl) 1,3,2,4‐dithiadiphosphetane‐2,4‐disulfide with silyl ether of α‐d‐glucofuranose diacetonide. One of the salts obtained possesses antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538‐P.
Superacid‐catalyzed Friedel–Crafts phosphination of 2‐hydroxybiphenyls with phosphorus trichloride
Authors: Ito Takatoshi , Iwai Toshiyuki , Nakai Takeo , Mihara Masatoshi , Mizuno Takumi , Ohno Toshinobu , Ishikawa Akira , Kobayashi Jun‐ichi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCyclic phosphorus compounds, 6H‐dibenz[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphorin‐6‐oxide derivatives, were efficiently synthesized by the Friedel–Crafts reaction of 2‐hydroxybiphenyls with phosphorus trichloride in the presence of superacids, especially trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TfOH) as a catalyst. TfOH was investigated for the first time as an effective catalyst for the aromatic phosphination of 2‐hydroxybiphenyls.
Synthesis, characterization, and quantitative structure–activity relationship studies of bioactive dehydroacetic acid and amino ether Schiff base complexes
Authors: Devi Jai , Devi Suman , Kumar Ashwani 
Published: September 2016

AbstractStructural aspects of organosilicon(IV) and organotin(IV) complexes with dehydroacetic acid and amino ether Schiff base ligand have been described with the help of elemental analyses, conductance measurements, UV–Vis, infrared, multinuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectroscopy as well as thermogravimetric analysis, and X‐ray diffraction studies. Analysis of data suggested that the Schiff base provides two bidentate NO domains and was coordinated to silicon and tin moiety through the imine nitrogen and hydroxyl oxygen atom. Complexes were found to be nonelectrolytic and monomeric in nature. The thermal decomposition for tin compounds occurred in two steps and resulted into the formation of pure SnO2 as end product. The in vitro biological effects of the synthesized compounds were tested against two Gram‐positive and two Gram‐negative bacteria. The results of biological activity showed that all the complexes have enhanced activity as compared with the corresponding ligand, and compounds 5, 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, and 17 were more potent than the standard drug ciprofloxacin. Compound 17 exhibited best antibacterial activity with lowest minimum inhibitory concentration value and maximum zone of inhibition. Further, quantitative structure–activity relationship studies pointed out that more stable compound were more active as antibacterial agents.
Correlation between antibodies to bisphenol A, its target enzyme protein disulfide isomerase and antibodies to neuron‐specific antigens
Authors: Kharrazian Datis , Vojdani Aristo 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEvidence continues to increase linking autoimmunity and other complex diseases to the chemicals commonly found in our environment. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic monomer used widely in many forms, from food containers to toys, medical products and many others. The potential for BPA to participate as a triggering agent for autoimmune diseases is likely due to its known immunological influences. The goal of this research was to determine if immune reactivity to BPA has any correlation with neurological antibodies. BPA binds to a target enzyme called protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). Myelin basic protein (MBP) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) are neuronal antigens that are target sites for neuroinflammation and neuroautoimmunity. We determined the co‐occurrence of anti‐MBP and anti‐MOG antibodies with antibodies made against BPA bound to human serum albumin in 100 healthy human subjects. Correlation between BPA to PDI, BPA to MOG, BPA to MBP, PDI to MBP and PDI to MOG were all highly statistically significant (P < 0.0001). The outcome of our study suggests that immune reactivity to BPA‐human serum albumin and PDI has a high degree of statistical significance with substantial correlation with both MBP and MOG antibody levels. This suggests that BPA may be a trigger for the production of antibodies against PDI, MBP and MOG. Immune reactivity to BPA bound to human tissue proteins may be a contributing factor to neurological autoimmune disorders. Further research is needed to determine the exact relationship of these antibodies with neuroautoimmunities. Copyright © 2016 The Authors Journal of Applied Toxicology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Effects of Abaloparatide-SC on Fractures and Bone Mineral Density in Subgroups of Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis and Varying Baseline Risk Factors
Authors: Cosman Felicia , Hattersley Gary , Hu Ming-yi , Williams Gregory C , Fitzpatrick Lorraine A , Black Dennis M 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

Abaloparatide-SC is a novel 34–amino acid peptide created to be a potent and selective activator of the parathyroid hormone receptor type 1 (PTHR1) signaling pathway. In the Abaloparatide Comparator Trial in Vertebral Endpoints (ACTIVE) Phase 3 trial (NCT01343004), abaloparatide reduced new morphometric vertebral fractures by 86% compared with placebo (p &lt; 0.001) and nonvertebral fractures by 43% (p = 0.049) in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Abaloparatide-SC increased bone mineral density (BMD) 3.4% at the total hip, 2.9% at the femoral neck, and 9.2% at the lumbar spine at 18 months (all p &lt; 0.001 versus placebo). The analysis reported here was designed to evaluate whether fracture risk reductions and BMD accrual were consistent across different levels of baseline risk. Risk factor subgroups were predefined categorically for BMD T-score of the lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck (≤–2.5 versus &gt;–2.5 and ≤–3.0 versus &gt;–3.0), history of nonvertebral fracture (yes versus no), prevalent vertebral fracture (yes versus no), and age (&lt;65 versus 65 to &lt;75 versus ≥75 years) at baseline. Forest plots show that there were no clinically meaningful interactions between any of the baseline risk factors and the treatment effect of abaloparatide-SC on new morphometric vertebral fractures, nonvertebral fractures, or BMD increases. Abaloparatide provides protection against fractures consistently across a wide variety of ages and baseline risks, including those with and without prior fractures, and it has potential utility for a broad group of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Examining the Psychological Effect of Rape Acknowledgment: The Interaction of Acknowledgment Status and Ambivalent Sexism
Authors: Wilson Laura C. , Miller Katherine E. , Leheney Emma K. , Ballman Alesha D. , Scarpa Angela 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveAlthough the majority of rape survivors do not label their experiences as rape (i.e., unacknowledged rape), the literature is mixed in terms of how this affects survivors’ psychological functioning. To elucidate the discrepancies, the present study examined the interaction between rape acknowledgement and ambivalent sexism in relation to depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms.MethodThe analyzed sample included 128 female rape survivors who were drawn from a larger college sample of 1,595 participants. The participants completed measures of sexual assault experiences, ambivalent sexism, and depression and PTSD symptoms.ResultsThe results supported a significant interaction between acknowledgement status and benevolent sexism in relation to both depression and PTSD symptoms. Conversely, the present study failed to find support for an interaction between acknowledgment status and hostile sexism.ConclusionThe clinical implications suggest that rather than seeing acknowledging rape as essential to the recovery process, clinicians should assess for and take into account other factors that may contribute to psychological functioning. Additionally, the findings support that more complex models of trauma recovery should be investigated with the goal of working toward a more comprehensive understanding of the longitudinal process of rape acknowledgment.
Variability of lysozyme and lactoferrin bioactive protein concentrations in equine milk in relation to LYZ and LTF gene polymorphisms and expression
Authors: Cieslak Jakub , Wodas Lukasz , Borowska Alicja , Sadoch Jan , Pawlak Piotr , Puppel Kamila , Kuczynska Beata , Mackowski Mariusz 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDEquine milk is considered to be an interesting product for human nutrition, mainly owing to its low allergenicity and significant amounts of bioactive proteins, including lysozyme (LYZ) and lactoferrin (LTF). The present study assessed the effect of genetic factors on LYZ and LTF concentration variability in mare's milk.RESULTSSignificant effects of horse breed and lactation stage on milk LYZ and LTF contents were observed. The highest level of LTF and the lowest concentration of LYZ were recorded for the Polish Warmblood Horse breed. The highest amounts of both proteins were found for the earliest investigated time point of lactation (5th week). Altogether 13 (nine novel) polymorphisms were found in the 5′‐flanking regions of both genes, but they showed no significant relationship with milk LYZ and LTF contents. Several associations were found between selected SNPs and the LYZ gene relative transcript level.CONCLUSIONWhile the present study indicated the existence of intra‐ and interbreed variability of LYZ and LTF contents in mare's milk, this variation is rather unrelated to the 5′‐flanking variants of genes encoding both proteins. This study is a good introduction for broader investigations focused on the genetic background for variability of bioactive protein contents in mare's milk. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
One‐Pot Automated Synthesis of Quasi Triblock Copolymers for Self‐Healing Physically Crosslinked Hydrogels
Authors: Voorhaar Lenny , De Meyer Bernhard , Du Prez Filip , Hoogenboom Richard 
Published: September 2016

The preparation of physically crosslinked hydrogels from quasi ABA‐triblock copolymers with a water‐soluble middle block and hydrophobic end groups is reported. The hydrophilic monomer N‐acryloylmorpholine is copolymerized with hydrophobic isobornyl acrylate via a one‐pot sequential monomer addition through reversible addition fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT) polymerization in an automated parallel synthesizer, allowing systematic variation of polymer chain length and hydrophobic–hydrophilic ratio. Hydrophobic interactions between the outer blocks cause them to phase‐separate into larger hydrophobic domains in water, forming physical crosslinks between the polymers. The resulting hydrogels are studied using rheology and their self‐healing ability after large strain damage is shown.image
Conventional Analysis with Categorical Data from a Statistically Designed Experiment
Authors: Goh T. N. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractInsights are offered on the interpretation of results of analysis of designed experiments with response expressed on a nominal or ordinal scale, in terms of formulation of a cause‐and‐effect mathematical model as well as the subsequent choice of factor settings for a future desired response. As generic design of experiments software packages are based on procedures of parametric statistics, the inherent limitations peculiar to the analysis of categorical data by such software packages are illustrated by a numerical example for the benefit of non‐statisticians among quality practitioners. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Provably secure biometric‐based user authentication and key agreement scheme in cloud computing
Authors: Wazid Mohammad , Das Ashok Kumar , Kumari Saru , Li Xiong , Wu Fan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCloud computing, the conjoin of many types of computing, has made a great impact on the life of everyone. People from anywhere can access the different cloud‐based services by using the Internet. A user, who wants to access some cloud‐based service, needs to register himself/herself to an authority (service provider), and after that, he/she can use the service. To access the service, each user needs to authenticate to that particular cloud server. Several user authentication schemes for cloud computing have been presented but mostly have limitations/drawbacks as they are prone to various known attacks, such as privileged insider, user and server impersonation, and strong reply attacks, and they also have lack of functionality features. Moreover, these schemes do not provide efficient password change phase. In order to overcome these drawbacks, we propose a new provably secure biometric‐based user authentication and key agreement scheme for cloud computing. The proposed scheme overcomes the weaknesses of the existing schemes and supports extra functionality features including user anonymity and efficient password and biometric update phase for multi‐server environment. The careful formal security analysis under standard model and informal security analysis and the simulation results for formal security verification using the most acceptable AVISPA tool show that the proposed scheme is secure against various known possible attacks. The analysis of computation and communication overheads of our scheme depicts its efficiency over other related existing schemes, and thus, the proposed scheme is suitable for the cloud computing environment. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Red deer mediate spatial and temporal plant heterogeneity in boreal forests
Authors: Lilleeng Marte Synnøve , Hegland Stein Joar , Rydgren Knut , Moe Stein R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSelective herbivory can influence both spatial and temporal vegetation heterogeneity. For example, many northern European populations of free‐ranging ungulates have reached unprecedented levels, which can influence plant species turnover, long‐term maintenance of biodiversity and the subsequent stability of boreal ecosystems. However, the mechanisms by which large herbivores affect spatial and temporal vegetation heterogeneity remain poorly understood. Here, we combined a 10‐year exclusion experiment with a herbivore intensity gradient to investigate how red deer (Cervus elaphus) acts as a driver of temporal and spatial heterogeneity in the understory of a boreal forest. We measured the two dimensions of heterogeneity as temporal and spatial species turnover. We found that temporal heterogeneity was positively related to herbivory intensity, and we found a similar trend for spatial heterogeneity. Removing red deer (exclosure) from our study system caused a distinct shift in species composition, both spatially (slow response) and temporally (quick response). Vegetation from which red deer had been excluded for 10 years showed the highest spatial heterogeneity, suggesting that the most stable forest understory will occur where there are no large herbivores. However, excluding red deer resulted in lower species diversity and greater dominance by a low number of plant species. If both stable but species rich ecosystems are the management goal, these findings suggest that naturally fluctuating, but moderate red deer densities should be sustained.