bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECTIVITY AND ACCEPTABILITY OF ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES CONTAINING NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL ESTROGENS IN COMBINATION WITH A GESTAGEN
Authors: Serup J. , Bostofte E. , Larsen S. , Westergaard J. 
Published: September 2024

With the purpose of investigating effectivity and acceptability of an oral contraceptive containing micronized natural estrogens (estradiol‐17β 4 mg + estriol 2 mg /norehisterone acetate 3 mg per tablet) versus a contraceptive containing artificial estrogen (ethinyl estradiol 50 μg/norethisterone acetate 3 mg per tablet), a controlled doubleblind investigation was performed in 111 young women. The investigation was designed for 12 cycles. The tablets were given consecutively for 3 weeks with 1 week's interruption. In the natural estrogen group 57 women completed 504 cycles, in the artificial estrogen group 54 women completed 510 cycles (Table I). No pregnancies occurred. There were highly significantly more terminations due to bleeding irregularities (p< 0.001), and highly significantly more spotting (p<0.001), breakthrough (p<0.001) and amenorrhea (p<0.00l) episodes in the natural estrogen group (Tables II and III). Bleeding irregularities on natural estrogens did not subside during the trial (Table IV). There were a few more psychiatric and CNS symptoms on natural estrogen (p<0.05), but other side effects did not differ between the two preparations (Table V). Blood pressure and weight did not vary significantly. Despite documented metabolic advantages, the natural estrogen tablet investigated was not found to be clinically acceptable for general usage because of the high incidence of bleeding irregularities. It is conceivable that a change of the estrogen/gestagen ratio, using a variable 3‐weck schedule, would reduce the number of bleeding irregularities.
Compensatory changes after spinal cord injury in a remyelination deficient mouse model
Authors: Manesh S. B. , Kondiles B. R. , Wheeler S. , Liu J. , Zhang L. , Chernoff C. , Duncan G. J. , Ramer M. S. , Tetzlaff W. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe development of therapeutic strategies to reduce impairments following spinal cord injury (SCI) motivates an active area of research, because there are no effective therapies. One strategy is to address injury‐induced demyelination of spared axons by promoting endogenous or exogenous remyelination. However, previously, we showed that new myelin was not necessary to regain hindlimb stepping following moderate thoracic spinal cord contusion in 3‐month‐old mice. The present analysis investigated two potential mechanisms by which animals can re‐establish locomotion in the absence of remyelination: compensation through intact white matter and conduction through spared axons. We induced a severe contusion injury to reduce the spared white matter rim in the remyelination deficient model, with no differences in recovery between remyelination deficient animals and injured littermate controls. We investigated the nodal properties of the axons at the lesion and found that in the remyelination deficient model, axons express the Nav1.2 voltage‐gated sodium channel, a sub‐type not typically expressed at mature nodes of Ranvier. In a moderate contusion injury, conduction velocities through the lesions of remyelination deficient animals were similar to those in animals with the capacity to remyelinate after injury. Detailed gait analysis and kinematics reveal subtle differences between remyelination deficient animals and remyelination competent controls, but no worse deficits. It is possible that upregulation of Nav1.2 channels may contribute to establishing conduction through the lesion. This conduction could contribute to compensation and regained motor function in mouse models of SCI. Such compensatory mechanism may have implications for interpreting efficacy results for remyelinating interventions in mice and the development of therapies for improving recovery following SCI.
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Effects of post‐curing light intensity on the trueness, compressive strength, and resin polymerization characteristics of 3D‐printed 3‐unit fixed dental prostheses
Authors: Sahrir Citra Dewi , Lin Wei‐Shao , Wang Chin‐Wei , Lin Wei‐Chun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the effect of different post‐curing light intensities on the trueness, compressive strength, and resin polymerization of 3D‐printed 3‐unit fixed dental prostheses (FPD).Materials and MethodsA total of 60 specimens were prepared to support a 3‐unit FDP with a deep chamfer marginal design, utilizing computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD‐CAM) technology. Light‐polymerizing FDP resin with varying light intensities (105, 210, 420, and 840 mW/cm2) was employed for 10 min. Subsequently, trueness assessment, fracture load testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) surface examination, and Fourier‐Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis were conducted. A one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to ascertain the differences between the experimental groups (p < 0.05).ResultsThe group exposed to 210 mW/cm2 showed the highest trueness (57.6 ± 2.1 µm), while the 840 mW/cm2 group had the highest deviation (79.3 ± 2.7 µm) (p < 0.001). Significant differences in fracture resistance were found between groups (p < 0.001), with mean fracture strengths of 1149.77 ± 67.81 N, 1264.92 ± 39.06 N, 1331.34 ± 53.62 N, and 1439.93 ± 34.58 N for light intensities of 105, 210, 420, and 840 mW/cm2, respectively (p < 0.001). The resin polymerization analysis shows a peak intensity surge at 3579 cm−1 for O‐H and C‐H stretching vibrations, except in samples exposed to 105 mw/cm2 light, with the lowest peak at 2890 cm−1. The performance of resin polymerization is most significant under the condition of 840 mW/cm2.ConclusionThe light intensity of 210 mW/cm2 exhibited the highest trueness, while the 840 mW/cm2 group showed the highest deviation. However, the light intensity of 840 mW/cm2 demonstrated the highest compressive strength. Furthermore, polymerization occurred at all post‐treatment light intensities except 105 mW/cm2. These findings indicate that while low‐intensity usage offers greater trueness, high‐intensity usage provides better compressive strength and polymerization. Therefore, 210 mW/cm2 could be the recommended solution for post‐curing.
Influence of the Season of Year and Stage of Postharvest Processing on Anthracnose Severity in Bananas in a Savanna Climate in the Brazilian Northeast
Authors: da Silva Débora Cristina , da Silva Jadson Araújo , Sousa Felipe Araujo , do Santos José Ailton Cruz Macêdo , Inokuti Eliane Mayumi , Michereff Sami Jorge , Correia Kamila Câmara 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBanana cultivation has great socio‐economic importance in the Cariri region (state of Ceará), Brazil. This study aimed to monitor the severity of anthracnose (caused by Colletotrichum musae) in bananas (cv. Prata) collected at three postharvest processing steps (dehanding, first washing and second washing) in packinghouses of four producing companies (A, B, C and D) in the wet (February–May) and dry (September–December) seasons of production in 2019. Averaged across packing companies and processing stages, disease severity was higher in the wet season (42.4%) than in the dry season (19.6%), but disease variability, expressed by the coefficient of variation, was higher in the dry season. In most cases, there were significant (p ≤ 0.05) differences among processing stages within each packinghouse and season, but the stage with the highest disease severity was not consistent. In other words, there was no predictable change in disease severity from dehanding to first and second washing. It was impossible to identify a single pattern in the severity of anthracnose in banana fruits collected from different companies and stages of postharvest processing, and this may be associated with the management adopted in each production area.
Effects of fecal microbiota transplantation on clinical outcomes and fecal microbiota of foals with diarrhea
Authors: Bell Jillian , Raidal Sharanne L. , Cuming Rosemary S. , Trope Gareth , Hughes Kristopher J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundDiarrhea in foals can be associated with disruption of the intestinal microbiota (dysbiosis). Effective management of intestinal dysbiosis in foals has not been demonstrated.Hypothesis/ObjectivesFecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in foals with diarrhea influences the intestinal microbiota and improves clinical and clinicopathological outcomes.AnimalsTwenty‐five foals <6 months of age with diarrhea and systemic inflammatory response syndrome at 3 veterinary hospitals.MethodsA prospective randomized placebo‐controlled cohort study. Foals in the FMT group (n = 19) or control group (n = 9) received FMT or electrolyte solution once daily for 3 days. Fecal samples were obtained on Day 0 (D0), D1, D2, D3, and D7. Within group and between group data analyses were performed for clinical, clinicopathological, and microbiota variables.ResultsTreatment had no effect on survival (FMT 79%; control 100%, P = .3) or resolution of diarrhea (FMT 68%; control 55%, P = .4). On D3, the white blood cell count of the FMT group was lower than the control group (D3 FMT group median 6.4 g/L [5‐8.3 g/L]; D3 control group median 14.3 g/L [6.7‐18.9 g/L] P = .04). Heart rate reduced over time in the FMT group (D0 median 80 bpm [60‐150 bpm]; D2 median 70 bpm [52‐110 bpm] [P = .005]; and D3 median 64, [54‐102 bpm] [P < .001]). Phylum Verrucomicrobiota, genus Akkermansia, and family Prevotellaceae were enriched in the FMT group on D1 (linear discriminate analysis > 4).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceIn foals with diarrhea, FMT appears safe and can be associated with some clinical and microbiota changes suggestive of beneficial effect.
Effect of oral or subcutaneous administration of cyanocobalamin in hypocobalaminemic cats with chronic gastrointestinal disease or exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
Authors: Chang Chee‐Hoon , Lidbury Jonathan , Suchodolski Jan S. , Steiner Joerg M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundNo prospective study has evaluated the efficacy of oral supplementation with cobalamin in hypocobalaminemic cats.ObjectivesTo investigate the efficacy of oral or SC supplementation with cyanocobalamin in normalizing serum cobalamin and methylmalonic acid (MMA) concentrations in hypocobalaminemic cats with chronic gastrointestinal disease (CGID) or exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI).AnimalsForty‐eight client‐owned hypocobalaminemic (<290 ng/L) cats with normal or abnormally high serum MMA concentrations.MethodsThis study was conducted based on the prospective randomized clinical trial method. Cats with CGID or EPI were randomly assigned to 2 groups that received either oral or SC supplementation with cobalamin (250 μg/cat) for 12 and 10 weeks, respectively, in addition to other medical and dietary interventions. Each cat was evaluated 3 times (baseline, 6‐week postsupplementation, and 1‐week postcompletion) by measuring serum cobalamin and MMA concentrations.ResultsIn cats with CGID or EPI, cobalamin concentrations were normalized in all cats that received either oral or SC supplementation (mean 100% [95% CI: 80.6%‐100%] in both groups in cats with CGID and 100% [67.6%‐100%] in both groups in cats with EPI). Among 37 cats with elevated MMA concentrations at baseline (21 cats with CGID and 16 cats with EPI), MMA concentrations were normalized in most cats with CGID (70% in oral and 82% in SC group) or EPI (88% in both groups).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceIn hypocobalaminemic cats with CGID or EPI, in conjunction with other medical and dietary interventions, both oral and SC supplementation are effective at normalizing serum cobalamin and MMA concentrations.
Virtual reality‐based dynamic scene recreation and robot teleoperation for hazardous environments
Authors: Bavelos Angelos Christos , Anastasiou Efthymios , Dimitropoulos Nikos , Michalos George , Makris Sotiris 
Published: September 2024

AbstractVirtual reality (VR) technology is increasingly vital in various sectors, particularly for simulating real environments in training and teleoperation. However, it has primarily focused on static, controlled settings like indoor industrial shopfloors. This paper proposes a novel method for remotely controlling robots in hazardous environments safely, without compromising efficiency. Operators can execute tasks from remote locations ensuring continuity regardless of distance. Real‐time efficiency is achieved by updating the virtual environment from on‐site sensors and mirroring the real environment, utilizing 3D reconstruction, Google Images, and video streams. Communication between VR and the remote robot is facilitated through a remote robot operating system connection. The efficacy of this concept will be validated through real road maintenance interventions.
The effects of acute exercise on food intake and appetite in adolescents with and without obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Moore Halim , Siroux Julie , Sevilla‐Lorente Raquel , Prado Wagner Luiz , Damaso Ana Raimunda , Pereira Bruno , Thivel David 
Published: September 2024

SummaryThis systematic review and meta‐analysis synthesized evidence pertaining to consummatory and appetitive responses to acute exercise in children and adolescents with and without obesity (5–18 years). Articles reporting on supervised, controlled trials of any modality, duration, or intensity with laboratory‐measured food intake were found using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane up to July 2023. Differences between conditions in laboratory energy and macronutrient intake, appetite sensations, and food reward were quantitatively synthesized using random‐effects meta‐analyses. Thirty‐five studies were eligible for the systematic review of energy intake, consisting of 60 distinct intervention arms with lean (n = 374) and overweight/obesity participants (n = 325; k = 51 eligible for meta‐analysis). Study quality as indicated by the Effective Public Healthy Practice Project tool was rated as low and moderate risk of bias for 80% and 20% of studies, respectively. Acute exercise had no significant effect on energy intake during an ad libitum test meal (mean difference [MD] = −4.52 [−30.58, 21.54] kcal, p = .729). Whilst absolute carbohydrate intake was lower after exercise (23 arms; MD = −6.08 [−11.26, −0.91] g, p = .023), the proportion of carbohydrate was not (30 arms; MD = −0.62 [−3.36, 2.12] %, p = .647). A small elevation in hunger (27 arms; MD = 4.56 [0.75, 8.37] mm, p = .021) and prospective food consumption (27 arms; PFC; MD = 5.71 [1.62, 9.80] mm, p = .008) was observed post‐exercise, but not immediately prior to the test meal (Interval: Mdn = 30 min, Range = 0–180). Conversely, a modest decrease in explicit wanting for high‐fat foods was evident after exercise (10 arms; MD = −2.22 [−3.96, −0.47] mm, p = .019). Exercise intensity (p = .033) and duration (p = .013) moderated food intake only in youth with overweight/obesity, indicating lower intake at high intensity and short duration. Overall, acute exercise does not lead to compensation of energy intake or a meaningful elevation of appetite or food reward and might have a modest benefit in youth with overweight/obesity if sufficiently intense. However, conclusions are limited by substantial methodological heterogeneity and the small number of trials employing high‐intensity exercise, especially in youth with overweight/obesity.
Shared Ideals, But Persistent Barriers: Improving Tribal‐University Research Engagement to Strengthen Native Nation Building and Rural Development☆
Authors: Herkshan Laticia J. , Hart‐Fredeluces Georgia M. , Redd Elizabeth A. , Tso TJ , Burnham Morey 
Published: September 2024

AbstractResearch partnerships between Tribal Nations and rural colleges and universities can support rural development and strengthen Tribal Nation building through reclamation of economic, political, cultural, and social affairs. However, Tribal Nation–University relationships have received little attention in rural sociology. While scholars identify best practices for research engagement in light of colonial harms, the ideal visions that Tribally and university‐affiliated people have for research partnerships and the barriers to achieving those ideals are poorly understood. Without identifying these visions and barriers, we risk making wrong assumptions about each party's needs and cannot implement appropriate policies. Semi‐structured interviews with Tribally‐affiliated (n = 20) and university‐affiliated (n = 20) people in rural southeastern Idaho suggest, contrary to literature on best practices for collaborative research, that participants in both groups viewed what we term “Tribally‐responsive research engagement” as ideal, though few projects met this goal. Tribally‐responsive research directly addressed Tribal priorities but did not necessarily involve close collaboration. The University's failure to acknowledge past or colonial harms, university‐affiliated researchers' historicization of those harms, and negative Native student experiences reinforced distrust, limiting desired research engagement. In sum, Tribally‐responsive research engagement could strengthen Native Nation building, but requires universities to acknowledge harms, create more welcoming campus environments, and prioritize Tribal benefits in research.
Approaching soil health from a practitioner perspective – Placing practices before indicators for Australian cotton and other producers
Authors: Knox Oliver , Conaty Meredith , Williams Allan , Cosgrove Chris 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSoil health, how it is defined and characterized, has long been a topic of debate, but its importance has never been in doubt. The FAO has provided a unifying definition of what soil health is, but uncertainty remains as to how it will be measured. While finding suitable soil health indicators remains challenging, there is growing pressure from external drivers on land managers to demonstrate they are valuing their soil health. With these issues in mind, the Australian cotton industry developed a soil health framework with the potential to address both competing demands. Taking a lead from the human health management, which focuses on prevention through promotion of adoptable healthy activity principles, and incorporating principles from the existing soil frameworks, we conceived one that is relevant to Australian cotton farmers. The outcome promotes beneficial but non‐prescriptive land management practices, which have mechanisms in place to financially reward growers for adoption and facilitates industry monitoring. The Soil Health Framework, also has potential for other agricultural sectors and represents a solution to the current impasse over soil health assessment.
Construction of Earth Observation Knowledge Hub Based on Knowledge Graph
Authors: Cai Kuangsheng , Chen Zugang , Li Jin , Wang Shaohua , Li Guoqing , Li Jing , Guo Hengliang , Chen Feng , Zhu Liping 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTOwing to the rapid development of Earth observation and Internet technology, researchers have acquired and shared a large amount of Earth observation data. However, traditional data sharing does not provide direct solutions to problems. The large amount of tacit knowledge contained in scientific data, scientific literature, analysis models, software/code, documentation, and other scientific resources on Earth observation applications has not been effectively organized and shared. To solve this problem, the Group on Earth Observations proposed an Earth Observation Knowledge Hub (EOKH); however, there is no unified and clear method for building an EOKH to date. This paper presents an automatic construction method for an EOKH on the basis of a knowledge graph, which describes scientific data, scientific literature, analysis models, software/code, documentation, and other scientific resources and their semantic relationships. An automatic discovery algorithm of scientific and technological resources was also constructed in this study on the basis of a knowledge graph from the Internet. This algorithm is capable of the automatic creation of knowledge packages and the construction of links between knowledge elements. Then, the knowledge discovery algorithm was evaluated through comparison with an existing method in relation to accuracy, and the results showed that our method outperforms the existing method. Lastly, the knowledge package was published on the Linked Open Data Cloud platform in the Resource Description Framework format, and an EOKH was created. Moreover, an application terminal based on SPARQL allowing users to search the EOKH was developed. A clear and operational method for the construction of an EOKH is proposed for the first time in this research, laying the foundation for the development of the EOKH.
A deep learning approach to prediction of blood group antigens from genomic data
Authors: Moslemi Camous , Sækmose Susanne , Larsen Rune , Brodersen Thorsten , Bay Jakob T. , Didriksen Maria , Nielsen Kaspar R. , Bruun Mie T. , Dowsett Joseph , Dinh Khoa M. , Mikkelsen Christina , Hyvärinen Kati , Ritari Jarmo , Partanen Jukka , Ullum Henrik , Erikstrup Christian , Ostrowski Sisse R. , Olsson Martin L. , Pedersen Ole B. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundDeep learning methods are revolutionizing natural science. In this study, we aim to apply such techniques to develop blood type prediction models based on cheap to analyze and easily scalable screening array genotyping platforms.MethodsCombining existing blood types from blood banks and imputed screening array genotypes for ~111,000 Danish and 1168 Finnish blood donors, we used deep learning techniques to train and validate blood type prediction models for 36 antigens in 15 blood group systems. To account for missing genotypes a denoising autoencoder initial step was utilized, followed by a convolutional neural network blood type classifier.ResultsTwo thirds of the trained blood type prediction models demonstrated an F1‐accuracy above 99%. Models for antigens with low or high frequencies like, for example, Cw, low training cohorts like, for example, Cob, or very complicated genetic underpinning like, for example, RhD, proved to be more challenging for high accuracy (>99%) DL modeling. However, in the Danish cohort only 4 out of 36 models (Cob, Cw, D‐weak, Kpa) failed to achieve a prediction F1‐accuracy above 97%. This high predictive performance was replicated in the Finnish cohort.DiscussionHigh accuracy in a variety of blood groups proves viability of deep learning‐based blood type prediction using array chip genotypes, even in blood groups with nontrivial genetic underpinnings. These techniques are suitable for aiding in identifying blood donors with rare blood types by greatly narrowing down the potential pool of candidate donors before clinical grade confirmation.