bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical signals regulate and activate SNAIL1 protein to control the fibrogenic response of cancer-associated fibroblasts
Authors: Zhang Kun , Grither Whitney R. , Van Hove Samantha , Biswas Hirak , Ponik Suzanne M. , Eliceiri Kevin W. , Keely Patricia J. , Longmore Gregory D. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
Increased deposition of collagen in extracellular matrix (ECM) leads to increased tissue stiffness and occurs in breast tumors. When present, this increases tumor invasion and metastasis. Precisely how this deposition is regulated and maintained in tumors is unclear. Much has been learnt about mechanical signal transduction in cells, but transcriptional responses and the pathophysiological consequences are just becoming appreciated. Here, we show that the SNAIL1 (also known as SNAI1) protein level increases and accumulates in nuclei of breast tumor cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) following exposure to stiff ECM in culture and in vivo. SNAIL1 is required for the fibrogenic response of CAFs when exposed to a stiff matrix. ECM stiffness induces ROCK activity, which stabilizes SNAIL1 protein indirectly by increasing intracellular tension, integrin clustering and integrin signaling to ERK2 (also known as MAPK1). Increased ERK2 activity leads to nuclear accumulation of SNAIL1, and, thus, avoidance of cytosolic proteasome degradation. SNAIL1 also influences the level and activity of YAP1 in CAFs exposed to a stiff matrix. This work describes a mechanism whereby increased tumor fibrosis can perpetuate activation of CAFs to sustain tumor fibrosis and promote tumor metastasis through regulation of SNAIL1 protein level and activity.
The DFT Calculation with NBO Analysis of E/Z Enamines Derived from α-Alkoxyaldehyde with Pyrrolidine
Authors: Mukaiyama Takasuke , Uchimaru Tadafumi , Hayashi Yujiro 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The stability of E/Z-alkoxyenamines from α-alkoxyaldehyde with pyrrolidine was discussed by conducting density functional theory (DFT) calculations with natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis.
The ABCs of STIs: An Update on Sexually Transmitted Infections
Authors: Yarbrough Melanie L , Burnham Carey-Ann D 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are spread primarily through sexual contact and are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Once identified, some STIs can be cured following appropriate therapy; for others, suppressive regimens and approaches to prevent ongoing transmission are important. The incidence of many common STIs is increasing in the US as well as worldwide, and hundreds of millions of people are currently infected. Laboratory testing plays a major role in the diagnosis and treatment of STIs, and clinical laboratorians should be familiar with the current guidelines and methods for testing.

CONTENT
Accurate and sensitive methods to diagnose STIs are essential to direct appropriate antimicrobial therapy and interrupt the cycle of disease transmission. This review summarizes laboratory testing for common bacterial, viral, and parasitic causes of STIs. Disease manifestations reviewed include cervicitis and urethritis, genital ulcerative disease, human immunodeficiency virus, viral hepatitis, human papilloma virus, and vaginitis. Recent advancements in the recognition and management of STIs, including updates to diagnostic algorithms, advances in testing methods, and emerging challenges with antimicrobial resistance, are summarized.

SUMMARY
Diagnostic methods and therapeutic guidelines for STIs are rapidly evolving. In combination with changing epidemiology, the development of novel therapeutics, and advancements in diagnostic methods, this has resulted in changing practices in laboratory testing and, subsequently, management of disease. Molecular methods have facilitated personalized therapy and follow-up regimens targeted for individual types or strains of some STIs.
Vertical transmission of Trypanosoma evansi in dromedary camels and studies on fetal pathology, diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Narnaware Shirish D. , Ghorui Samar K. , Kumar Sanjay , Patil Nitin V. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn the present study, a total of 14 (73.68%) cases of abortions and two (100%) cases of still births were detected positive for
A new isosporoid coccidia (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae)from the southern house wren Troglodytes musculus Naumann, 1823 (Passeriformes: Troglodytidae) from Brazil
Authors: doBomfim Lopes Bruno , Rodrigues Mariana Borges , da Silva Lidiane Maria , Berto Bruno Pereira , Luz Hermes Ribeiro , Ferreira Ildemar , Lopes Carlos Wilson Gomes 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA new isosporoid coccidian species (Protozoa: Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) is reported from the southern house wren
Type II transmembrane serine proteases as potential targets for cancer therapy
Authors: Murray Andrew S. , Varela Fausto A. , List Karin 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Carcinogenesis is accompanied by increased protein and activity levels of extracellular cell-surface proteases that are capable of modifying the tumor microenvironment by directly cleaving the extracellular matrix, as well as activating growth factors and proinflammatory mediators involved in proliferation and invasion of cancer cells, and recruitment of inflammatory cells. These complex processes ultimately potentiate neoplastic progression leading to local tumor cell invasion, entry into the vasculature, and metastasis to distal sites. Several members of the type II transmembrane serine protease (TTSP) family have been shown to play critical roles in cancer progression. In this review the knowledge collected over the past two decades about the molecular mechanisms underlying the pro-cancerous properties of selected TTSPs will be summarized. Furthermore, we will discuss how these insights may facilitate the translation into clinical settings in the future by specifically targeting TTSPs as part of novel cancer treatment regimens.
Changes of physiological tremor following maximum intensity exercise in male and female young swimmers
Authors: Gajewski Jan , Mazur-Różycka Joanna , Łach Patrycja , Różycki Sebastian , Żmijewski Piotr , Buśko Krzysztof , Michalski Radosław 
Published: April 2016

PurposeThe aim of this study was to determine the changes in postural physiological tremor following maximum intensity effort performed on arm ergometer by young male and female swimmers.MethodsTen female and nine male young swimmers served as subjects in the study. Forearm tremor was measured accelerometrically in the sitting position before the 30-second Wingate Anaerobic Test on arm ergometer and then 5, 15 and 30 minutes post-test.ResultsLow-frequency tremor log-amplitude (L<sub>1−5</sub>) increased (repeated factor: <i>p</i> < 0.05) from −7.92 ± 0.45 to −7.44 ± 0.45 and from −6.81 ± 0.52 to −6.35 ± 0.58 in women and men, respectively (gender: <i>p</i> < 0.05) 5 minute post-test. Tremor log-amplitude (L<sub>15−20</sub>) increased (repeated factor: <i>p</i> < 0.001) from −9.26 ± 0.70 to −8.59 ± 0.61 and from −8.79 ± 0.65 to −8.39 ± 0.79 in women and men, respectively 5 minute post-test. No effect of gender was found for high frequency range.The increased tremor amplitude was observed even 30 minute post-exercise. Mean frequency of tremor spectra gradually decreased post-exercises (<i>p</i> < 0.001).ConclusionsExercise-induced changes in tremor were similar in males and females. A fatigue produced a decrement in the mean frequency of tremor what suggested decreased muscle stiffness post-exercise. Such changes intremorafter exercise may be used as the indicator of fatigue in the nervous system.
The Presence of Real Food Usurps Hypothetical Health Value Judgment in Overweight People
Authors: Medic Nenad , Ziauddeen Hisham , Forwood Suzanna E. , Davies Kirsty M. , Ahern Amy L. , Jebb Susan A. , Marteau Theresa M. , Fletcher Paul C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTo develop more ecologically valid models of the neurobiology of obesity, it is critical to determine how the neural processes involved in food-related decision-making translate into real-world eating behaviors. We examined the relationship between goal-directed valuations of food images in the MRI scanner and food consumption at a subsequentad libitumbuffet meal. We observed that 23 lean and 40 overweight human participants showed similar patterns of value-based neural responses to health and taste attributes of foods. In both groups, these value-based responses in the ventromedial PFC were predictive of subsequent consumption at the buffet. However, overweight participants consumed a greater proportion of unhealthy foods. This was not predicted by in-scanner choices or neural response. Moreover, in overweight participants alone, impulsivity scores predicted greater consumption of unhealthy foods. Overall, our findings suggest that, while the hypothetical valuation of the health of foods is predictive of eating behavior in both lean and overweight people, it is only the real-world food choices that clearly distinguish them.
Cross-Talk Between Sporophyte and Gametophyte Generations Is Promoted by CHD3 Chromatin Remodelers inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Carter Benjamin , Henderson James T , Svedin Elisabeth , Fiers Martijn , McCarthy Kyle , Smith Amanda , Guo Changhua , Bishop Brett , Zhang Heng , Riksen Tjitske , Shockley Allison , Dilkes Brian P , Boutilier Kim , Ogas Joe 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAngiosperm reproduction requires the integrated development of multiple tissues with different genotypes. To achieve successful fertilization, the haploid female gametophytes and diploid ovary must coordinate their development, after which the male gametes must navigate through the maternal sporophytic tissues to reach the female gametes. After fertilization, seed development requires coordinated development of the maternal diploid integuments, the triploid endosperm, and the diploid zygote. Transcription and signaling factors contribute to communication between these tissues, and roles for epigenetic regulation have been described for some of these processes. Here we identify a broad role for CHD3 chromatin remodelers in Arabidopsis thaliana reproductive development. Plants lacking the CHD3 remodeler, PICKLE, exhibit various reproductive defects including abnormal development of the integuments, female gametophyte, and pollen tube, as well as delayed progression of ovule and embryo development. Genetic analyses demonstrate that these phenotypes result from loss of PICKLE in the maternal sporophyte. The paralogous gene PICKLE RELATED 2 is preferentially expressed in the endosperm and acts antagonistically with respect to PICKLE in the seed: loss of PICKLE RELATED 2 suppresses the large seed phenotype of pickle seeds. Surprisingly, the alteration of seed size in pickle plants is sufficient to determine the expression of embryonic traits in the seedling primary root. These findings establish an important role for CHD3 remodelers in plant reproduction and highlight how the epigenetic status of one tissue can impact the development of genetically distinct tissues.
Powerful and Adaptive Testing for Multi-trait and Multi-SNP Associations with GWAS and Sequencing Data
Authors: Kim Junghi , Zhang Yiwei , Pan Wei 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTesting for genetic association with multiple traits has become increasingly important, not only because of its potential to boost statistical power, but also for its direct relevance to applications. For example, there is accumulating evidence showing that some complex neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases like Alzheimer’s disease are due to disrupted brain networks, for which it would be natural to identify genetic variants associated with a disrupted brain network, represented as a set of multiple traits, one for each of multiple brain regions of interest. In spite of its promise, testing for multivariate trait associations is challenging: if not appropriately used, its power can be much lower than testing on each univariate trait separately (with a proper control for multiple testing). Furthermore, differing from most existing methods for single-SNP–multiple-trait associations, we consider SNP set-based association testing to decipher complicated joint effects of multiple SNPs on multiple traits. Because the power of a test critically depends on several unknown factors such as the proportions of associated SNPs and of traits, we propose a highly adaptive test at both the SNP and trait levels, giving higher weights to those likely associated SNPs and traits, to yield high power across a wide spectrum of situations. We illuminate relationships among the proposed and some existing tests, showing that the proposed test covers several existing tests as special cases. We compare the performance of the new test with that of several existing tests, using both simulated and real data. The methods were applied to structural magnetic resonance imaging data drawn from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative to identify genes associated with gray matter atrophy in the human brain default mode network (DMN). For genome-wide association studies (GWAS), genes AMOTL1 on chromosome 11 and APOE on chromosome 19 were discovered by the new test to be significantly associated with the DMN. Notably, gene AMOTL1 was not detected by single SNP-based analyses. To our knowledge, AMOTL1 has not been highlighted in other Alzheimer’s disease studies before, although it was indicated to be related to cognitive impairment. The proposed method is also applicable to rare variants in sequencing data and can be extended to pathway analysis.
Clinical Decision Support Tool for Parental Tobacco Treatment in Primary Care
Authors: Jenssen Brian P. , Bryant-Stephens Tyra , Leone Frank T. , Grundmeier Robert W. , Fiks Alexander G. 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVES:
We created a clinical decision support (CDS) tool and evaluated its feasibility, acceptability, usability, and clinical impact within the electronic health record to help primary care pediatricians provide smoking cessation treatment to parents/caregivers who smoke.

METHODS:
This prospective study of pediatric clinicians and parents was conducted at 1 urban primary care site. Clinicians received training in smoking cessation counseling, nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) prescribing, referral to an adult treatment program, and use of the CDS tool. The tool prompted clinicians to ask about secondhand smoke exposure, provide an electronic NRT prescription, and refer. Feasibility was measured by using electronic health record utilization data, and acceptability and usability were assessed with the use of clinician surveys. Parents reported clinical impact, including NRT accepted and used.

RESULTS:
From June to August 2015, clinicians used the tool to screen for secondhand smoke exposure at 2286 (76%) of 3023 visits. Parent smokers were identified at 308 visits, and 165 parents (55% of smokers) were interested in and offered treatment. Twenty-four (80%) of 30 eligible pediatric clinicians used the tool. Ninety-four percent of clinicians surveyed (n = 17) were satisfied with the tool, and the average system usability scale score was 83 of 100 (good to excellent range). We reached 69 of 100 parents sampled who received treatment; 44 (64%) received NRT, and 17 (25%) were currently using NRT.

CONCLUSIONS:
A CDS tool to help urban primary care pediatric clinicians provide smoking cessation treatment was feasible, acceptable, usable, and influenced clinical care. A larger scale investigation in varied practice settings is warranted.
A multitasking jelenség hatása a feladatvégzésre és az időbeosztásra módszertani előtanulmány
Authors: Kvaszingerné Prantner Csilla , Soltész Péter , Faragó Boglárka , Pléh Csaba , Soltész-Várhelyi Klára 
Published: April 2016

Háttér és célok: A modern információs és kommunikációtechnikai (IKT) eszközök alkalmazásának alapvető jellemzője a multitasking jellegű használat, vagyis a több információforrás párhuzamos futtatása. A tanulás kontextusában ez azt jelenti, hogy az IKT-eszközök minimális viselkedéses befektetés ellenében megkönnyítik a tanulási célunknál jutalmazóbb figyelmi folyamatok működtetését. Vizsgálatunk célja, hogy az átlagos IKT-környezetben zajló tanulási folyamatot modellezzük laboratóriumi körülmények között, ezáltal vizsgálva a multitasking hatását a személyek feladatvégzésére.
Módszer: A vizsgálatban alkalmazott főfeladat a Flanker-teszt volt, mely az egyik leggyakrabban alkalmazott figyelmi és gátlási feladat. A főfeladat végzését ugyanakkor időről időre megzavarták bizonyos (villogó vagy egyéb módon jelző) disztraktorok, amelyek lehetővé tették, hogy a főfeladatról a vizsgálati személyek átváltsanak rájuk, és korlátlan mennyiséget „fogyasszanak” belőlük. A vizsgálatot 91 diákkal végeztük el az Eszterházy Károly Főiskoláról. Célunk a disztraktorokkal eltöltött pihenések hosszának, illetve számának főfeladatban nyújtott teljesítményre gyakorolt hatásának felmérése volt.
Eredmények: A pihenések hossza és száma, valamint a reakcióidő között nem találtunk összefüggést. Míg a pihenés hossza és a teljesítmény között erős negatív korreláció volt kimutatható, a sok megszakítás nem mutatott kapcsolatot a teljesítménnyel. Közvetlenül a pihenés után a személyek reakcióideje átlagosan javult. A több feladatot végző személyek arányaiban jobb válaszokat adtak.
Konklúzió/következtetések: Eredményeink a pesszimista multitasking metahipotézist támasztották alá, vagyis azt találtuk, hogy a többet pihenő személyek túlbecsülik a pihenés teljesítményükre gyakorolt hatását, hiszen valójában a több pihenés rosszabb teljesítménnyel járt együtt. Viszont ha a vizsgálati személy képes korlátozni a pihenések hosszát, vagyis a disztraktív ingerek hosszú távra nem vonják el a figyelmét a főfeladatról, ezek a rövid pihenők pozitívan befolyásolják a teljesítményt.
Az IKT hatása a kognitív működésekre iskoláskorban
Authors: Dávid Mária , Dorner László , Hatvani Andrea , Soltész Péter , Taskó Tünde , Soltész-Várhelyi Klára 
Published: April 2016

Háttér és célok: Tanulmányunkban arra kerestük a választ, hogy hogyan változnak a 10–18 éves korosztály képességei, készségei az új infokommunikációs technológiák (IKT) elterjedésével. Feltételezésünk szerint a gyakori IKT-használat bizonyos készségek javulását (például vizuális észlelési képességek), míg más készségek romlását (például verbális és motorikus) eredményezi.
Módszer és minta: 2014 februárjával bezárólag keresztmetszeti vizsgálatot végeztünk három korosztály bevonásával, 492 fős mintán (194 fő 10 éves; 166 fő 14 éves és 132 fő 18 éves). Mindegyik korcsportban alacsony, közepes és magas IKT-használati alcsoportokat különböztettünk meg. Az általunk adaptált online pszichológiai teszteket végeztük el a tanulókkal az alapvető kognitív képességeik vizsgálatára, valamint egyéni adatfelvétele alapuló verbális feladatokat. Ezen kívül a különböző korcsoportokhoz tartozó tanulók kompetenciaméréseinek (szövegértés, matematikai-logikai) és a Hungarofit (alapvető motorikus képességek és állapot) vizsgálati eredményeinek és a tanulmányi eredményeinek összehasonlító elemzése is megtörtént. A vizsgálat egri és Eger környéki általános és középiskolákban zajlott. A nemek aránya a mintában kiegyensúlyozottnak tekinthető (205 fiú és 287 lány).
Eredmények: A gyakoribb számítógép-használat és a reakcióidő pozitív összefüggést mutat minden korcsoportban. A mérsékelt IKT-használat a legtöbb kognitív funkcióval pozitív együttjárást mutat. A matematika és szövegértés kompetenciában nem volt eltérés a három csoport között, ahogyan a Hungarofit mérésekben sem. A magyar nyelv és irodalom, idegen nyelv, matematika tanulmányi eredmény és az összesített tanulmányi átlag tekintetében sem mutatkozott szignifikáns különbség a különböző csoportok között.
Következtetések: A mérsékelt számítógép-használat hatása a kognitív készségekre enyhén pozitív, de ez az iskolai eredményesség mutatókban és kompetenciaadatokban, valamint a mozgásos eredményekben nem manifesztálódik.
Patterned Magnetic Recording Media – Issues and Challenges
Authors: Gavrila Horia , Gavrila Doina Elena 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThe conventional magnetic recording approached the physical frontiers of the recording density. The magnetic recording must face the famous trilemma: In order to increase the recording density, smaller grain volumes are needed, but in order to ensure the thermal stability of recorded information, the anisotropy constant should be increased accordingly; what results is an increased anisotropy field, which requires higher writing fields. Such fields are unavailable with the maximum saturation magnetization obtainable with the magnetic materials of the current heads. In order to overcome these problems, new media structures have been proposed. The most promising is the bit-patterned magnetic media (BPM), intensively studied over the last years with the aim of obtaining obtain an ultra-high recording density of hard-disk drives. A BPM comprises monodisperse high-anisotropy nano-particles in a self-organized patterning. They have a higher thermal stability, a lower noise and a higher signal resolution, which leads to a higher recording density and a better SNR. They eliminate the transition noise and, due to the large fraction of the bit volume occupied by the magnetic dots, improve thermal stability. Nevertheless, some important issues such as long-range patterning, control of the surface roughness, signal readout, etc., remain critical problems to solve. Another challenge is the fact that recording on BPM is sensitive to the material and geometry parameter fluctuations that may lead to additional constraints and require tight synchronization of the write-field misregistration time and bit positions. A possible route to higher recording densities is to use a multilevel recording, where more than two states are stored per dot.
Synthesis of SBA-15/MCM-41 bimodal mesoporous silica
Authors: Jaramillo Leyla Y. , Henao Wilson A. , Pabón-Gelves Elizabeth 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTNanostructured silica materials with different morphologies and adjustable pore size have been studied by researches worldwide for several applications such as catalysis, separation, adsorption, and templates for new materials. The main interest in the development of these materials is to obtain a structure with a specific combination of pore sizes for a particular application. The morphology and textural properties of pores can be easily changed with the modification of the synthesis parameters, among these, the choice of surfactant or structure directing agent (SDA).Accordingly, in this work, three types of nanostructured silica with different mesoporosity were synthesized by using of CTAB and Pluronic 123 as structure directing agents: SBA-15 and MCM-41 unimodal mesoporous silica and SBA-15/MCM-41 bimodal mesoporous silica.To evaluate the effect of surfactant on the morphology and textural properties of pores, the materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and nitrogen sorption (BET).