bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural Properties and Mechanical Behavior of the 2 Step-Reinforced Al-Si/SiCp Metal Matrix Composite by Titanium-Fiber
Authors: Oak J.J. , Lee Y.C. , Park Y.H. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In this study, the newly designed Al-9Si/SiC particles (SiCp) + Ti-fiber (2step-reinforced Al-9Si alloy matrix) metal matrix composites (MMCs) were fabricated by hot-pressing sintering at 560°C. 2step-reinforced Al-based MMCs were characterized by thermal shrinkage, phase transition, microstructure and tensile strength. The addition of Ti-fiber reduced thermal shrinkage was caused by temperature difference in sintering process as well as enhanced assistance for tensile strength and plastic deformation at room temperature. Experimental results reveal that the 2step-reinforcment sintering by ceramic and metal has a significant effect to increase interface bonding in boundary of each component material and the improved mechanical properties were due to the influence of interfacial product by diffusion. Tensile strength and elongation at room temperature by 2step-reinforcement were improved in 19.5% and 26.2% more than those of Al-9Si/SiCp, respectively. Especially, it reveals that diffusion direction may be varied by sintering methods at low temperature in this study.
Preparation and Properties of Ti-Y2O3 Composites for Implant Applications
Authors: Adamek G. , Jakubowicz J. , Dewidar M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe paper presents the preparation of Ti-(1-30wt.%)Y2O3composites using the mechanical alloying process. Ti based materials are the best metallic biomaterials because of their excellent properties: biocompatibility, low Young moduli and high corrosion resistance. Pure Ti and Y2O3powders were alloyed under argon atmosphere in shaker type mill (Spex 8000) followed by pressing and sintering.The ultra-low grain size structure improves the mechanical properties and hardness of the new materials in comparison to microcrystalline Ti-based sinters. However, because of the porosity of approx. 20-30%, a decrease in the Young modulus is observed. Moreover, the new composites show good tendency towards covering by Ca-P compounds during soaking in SBF.
The Influence of Synthesis Temperature on Manufacturing and Properties of SrSi2O2N2:Eu2+ Powders
Authors: Pawlik T. , Michalik D. , Barzowska J. , Szczodrowski K. , Lesniewski T. , Sopicka-Lizer M. , Grinberg M. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This paper presents the results of the synthesis temperature on the properties of the ceramic powders of SrSi2O2N2:Eu2+ obtained by the solid-phase reaction. Synthesis was carried out in the temperature range of 1250-1650°C for 2 hours in nitrogen flow in the reducing atmosphere of the graphite furnace. The phases present in the resultant powders were identified by X-ray structural analysis (XRD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the changes in the powder morphology as a result of the synthesis. The excitation and emission spectra measurements let to study phosphor photoluminescence properties. The results show the strong influence of temperature synthesis on the formation and purity of expected phases. The synthesis temperature also affects the luminescent properties of SrSi2O2N2:Eu2+ ceramic powders.
Microstructure Characterization of SiC Reinforced Aluminium and Al4Cu Alloy Matrix Composites
Authors: Leszczyńska-Madej B. , Wąsik A. , Madej M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA conventional powder metallurgy method (PM) was used to produce Al-SiC and Al4Cu alloy matrix composites with 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 wt% of SiC particles. Two different sizes of the reinforcing phase particles were applied to determine their effect on composite microstructure. The sintering process was carried out at 600°C under nitrogen atmosphere, and its consequence was the appearance of aluminium nitrides in composite microstructure acting as an additional strengthening phase. The composites were next re-pressed and re-sintered (2p2s) under the same conditions. The main aim of this article was to examine the microstructure of the SiC reinforced Al and Al4Cu alloy matrix composites. To achieve this goal and characterize the sintered materials, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were used.
Brazing of Titanium with Aluminium Alloys
Authors: Winiowski A. , Majewski D. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This study presents results of vacuum diffusion brazing of Grade 2 titanium with 6082 (AlMg1Si0.6Cu0.3) aluminium alloy using B-Ag72Cu-780 (Ag72Cu28) grade silver brazing metal as an interlayer. Brazed joints underwent shear tests, light-microscopy-based metallographic examinations and structural examinations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The highest quality and shear strength of 20 MPa was characteristic of joints brazed at 530°C with a 30-minute hold. The structural examinations revealed that in diffusion zone near the boundary with titanium the braze contained solid solutions based on hard and brittle Ti-Al type intermetallic phases determining the strength of the joints.
Mechanical and Microstructural Response of Near Beta Ti Alloys to Hot Tensile Testing
Authors: Abbasi S.M. , Momeni A. , Daraee M. , Akhondzadeh A. , Mirsaeed S.G. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHot tensile tests were carried out on Timetal-125 and Timetal-LCB near beta Ti alloys at temperatures in range of 600-1000°C and constant strain rate of 0.1 s−1. At temperatures below 700-800°C, the homogenuous and total strains for Timetal-LCB were greater than those for Timetal-125. In contrast, at temperatures over 800°C, Timetal-125 showed better hot ductility. The yield point phenomena was observed in Timetal-LCB at all temperatures. Unlikely, for Timetal-125, it was observed only at temperatures over 800°C. The weaker yield point phenomena in Timetal-125 could be attributed to the negative effect of Al on the diffusion of V. At all temperatures Timetal-LCB exhibited higher strength than Timetal-125. It was found that there should be a direct relationship between the extent of yield point phenomena and strength and dynamic softening through hot tensile testing. It was observed that at temperatures beyond 800°C (beta phase field in both alloys) dynamic recrystallization can progress more in Timetal-125 than in Timetal-LCB. These results were in good agreement with the better hot ductility of Timetal-125 at high temperatures. At low temperatures, i.e. below 700-800°C, partial dynamic recrystallization occurs in beta and dynamic globularization in alpha phase. These processes progress more in Timetal-LCB than in Timetal-125.
Combined Effects of Copper and Tin at Intermediate Level of Manganese on the Structure and Properties of As-Cast Nodular Graphite Cast Iron
Authors: Lacaze J. , Sertucha J. , Larrañaga P. , Suárez R. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Copper, manganese and tin are commonly used as pearlite promoter elements in cast irons. A number of studies have been aimed at quantitatively evaluate the effect of each of these elements, individually or at given levels of the others. As a matter of fact, while tin may be necessary for achieving a fully pearlitic matrix, it is known that when in excess it is detrimental for mechanical properties. As the pearlite promoting effect of each of those elements is totally different, it is of real interest to know the optimum combination of them for a given cooling rate. The present report is a first part of a work dedicated at characterizing the best alloying levels in terms of room temperature mechanical properties of as-cast pearlitic materials.
Photosensitization of TiO2 P25 with CdS Nanoparticles for Photocatalytic Applications
Authors: Trenczek-Zając A. , Banaś J. , Świerczek K. , Zazakowny K. , Radecka M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA TiO2/CdS coupled system was prepared by mixing the TiO2P25 with CdS synthesized by means of the precipitation method. It was found that the specific surface area (SSA) of both components is extremely different and equals 49.5 for TiO2and 145.4 m2·g−1for CdS. The comparison of particle size distribution and images obtained by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed agglomeration of nanocomposites. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns suggest that CdS crystallizes in a mixture of cubic and hexagonal phases. Optical reflectance spectra revealed a gradual shift of the fundamental absorption edge towards longer wavelengths with increasing CdS molar fraction, which indicates an extension of the absorption spectrum of TiO2. The photocatalytic activity in UV and UV-vis was tested with the use of methyl orange (MO). The Langmuir–Hinshelwood model described well the photodegradation process of MO. The results showed that the photocatalytic behaviour of the TiO2/CdS mixture is significantly better than that of pure nanopowders.
Collosion and Absorption Behaviors of Inclusions on Refractory
Authors: Ding-Guo Z. , Ming G. , Xin L. , Shu-Huan W. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe paper is dedicated to analysis the inclusion behavior in steel using theoretical calculation and simulation of water. The aim is to establish collision and absorption model of inclusions on refractory. The article discusses the variation of critical stay speed and critical shear with the radius of inclusions in the process of colliding, rebounding and absorbing. The results show the critical stay speed and critical shear of alumina respectively surpasses 1 cm·s−1and 1 N·m−2, while titanium dioxide separately exceeds 4 cm·s−1and 10 N·m−2for the inclusions that radius is less than 2.5 μm. If the inclusions occur rebound after colliding, the inclusions that radius is less than 7 μm will still be absorbed by the surface, while the inclusions that radius is more than 10 μm can easily reenter the steel. The model coincides with the water simulation results and it is of good adaptability.
A Simplified Approach for the Hydro-Forming Process of Bi-Metallic Composite Pipe
Authors: Zheng M. , Gao H. , Teng H. , Hu J. , Tian Z. , Zhao Y. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this article, it aims to propose effective approaches for hydro-forming process of bi-metallic composite pipe by assuming plane strain and elastic-perfectly plastic material model. It derives expressions for predicting hydro-forming pressure and residual stress of the forming process of bi-metallic composite pipe. Test data from available experiments is employed to check the model and formulas. It shows the reliability of the proposed model and formulas impersonally.
An Evaluation of the Stability of Mould Flux Properties in the Process of Continuous Steel Casting
Authors: Falkus J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis paper presents research on the mould slag formed on the basis of two mould fluxes. In the conducted industrial experiments, slag was sampled in equal time intervals between adding subsequent portions of mould flux. The research focused on the an evaluation of the stability of slag parameters by assessing the change in its liquidus temperature. It was shown that a mould flux needs to be assessed individually taking into account the casting process parameters and the steel cast grade.
Application of High Flow Rate Gas in the Process of Argon Blowing Trough Steel
Authors: Merder T. , Pieprzyca J. , Warzecha M. , Warzecha P. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe article demonstrates results of modelling research tests concerning the analysis of possibilities of blowing gas into the metal bath at high flow rates in a steel ladle with a nominal capacity of 50 Mg. Various configurations concerning of gas introduction into the steel ladle were analysed. There were considered cases of blowing into the metal bath via one, two or three purging plugs, being installed on the bottom and via additional support for blowing the gas from the top through the lance.Results obtained from the water model of the reactor were verified with the results of numerical simulations.
Numerical and Physical Parametric Analysis of a SEN with Flow Conditioners in Slab Continuous Casting Mold
Authors: Gonzalez-Trejo J. , Real-Ramirez C.A. , Miranda-Tello R. , Rivera-Perez F. , Cervantes-de-la-Torre F. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSome of the most recent technologies that improves the performance in continuous casting process has installed infrastructure outside the mold to modify the natural fluid flow pattern to obtain a quasi-steady condition and promote a uniform solidified shell of steel. The submerged entry nozzle distributes the liquid steel in the mold and can be used to obtain the flow symmetry condition with external geometry improvements. The fluid flow conditioners were located near the outlet ports of the nozzle. The aim of the modifiers is to impose a pseudo symmetric pattern in the upper zone of the mold by inhibiting the fluid exchange between the zones created by conditioners. This work evaluates the effect of the thickness and length of the fluid-flow modifiers on the overall performance of the submerged nozzle. These properties of the fluid-flow modifiers were normalized based on two of the geometric dimensions of the standard equipment. Numerical and physical simulations suggest that the flow modifier should be as thin as possible.
Disruption of an Alumina Layer During Sintering of Aluminium in Nitrogen
Authors: Pieczonka T. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAluminium oxide layer on aluminium particles cannot be avoided. However, to make the metal-metal contacts possible, this sintering barrier has to be overcome in some way, necessarily to form sintering necks and their development. It is postulated that the disruption of alumina layer under sintering conditions may originate physically and chemically. Additionally, to sinter successfully non alloyed aluminium powder in nitrogen, the operation of both types mechanism is required. It is to be noted that metallic aluminium surface has to be available to initiate reactions between aluminium and the sintering atmosphere, i.e. mechanical disruption of alumina film precedes the chemical reactions, and only then chemically induced mechanisms may develop. Dilatometry, gravimetric and differential thermal analyses, and microstructure investigations were used to study the sintering response of aluminium at 620°C in nitrogen, which is the only sintering atmosphere producing shrinkage.
The Effect of Additive Element on the Properties of Mechanically Alloyed Fe-Y2O3 Alloys
Authors: Ahn Jung-Ho , Kim Tae Kyu , Ahn Jeongsuk 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In the present work, we have examined the effect of Ti on the properties of Fe-Y2O3 alloys. The result showed that the addition of Ti was effective for improving mechanical properties. This is due to the reduction of oxides by Ti during mechanical alloying and hot-consolidation. In particular, iron oxides are effectively reduced by the addition of Ti. Compared to the pristine Fe-Y2O3 alloys, titanium-added alloys exhibited fine and uniform microstructures, resulting in at least 60% higher tensile strength.
Fabrication of a Spherical Titanium Powder by Combined Combustion Synthesis and DC Plasma Treatment
Authors: Choi S.H. , Ali B. , Hyun S.K. , Sim J.J. , Choi W.J. , Joo W. , Lim J.H. , Lee Y.J. , Kim T.S. , Park K.T. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCombustion synthesis is capable of producing many types of refractory and ceramic materials, as well as metals, with a relatively lower cost and shorter time frame than other solid state synthetic techniques. TiO2with Mg as reductant were dry mixed and hand compacted into a 60 mm diameter mold and then combusted under an Ar atmosphere. Depending on the reaction parameters (Mg concentration 2 ≤α≤ 4), the thermocouples registered temperatures between 1160°C and 1710°C · 3 mol of Mg gave the optimum results with combustion temperature (Tc) and combustion velocity (Uc) values of 1372°C and 0.26 cm/s respectively. Furthermore, this ratio also had the lowest oxygen concentration in this study (0.8 wt%). After combustion, DC plasma treatment was carried out to spheroidize the Ti powder for use in 3D printing. The characterization of the final product was performed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and N/O analysis.
Correlation Between Pin Misalignment and Crack Length in THT Solder Joints
Authors: Molnar A. , Benke M. , Gacsi Z. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this manuscript, correlations were searched for between pin misalignments relative to PCB bores and crack propagation after cyclic thermal shock tests in THT solder joints produced from lead-free solder alloys. In total, 7 compositions were examined including SAC solders with varying Ag, Cu and Ni contents. The crack propagation was initiated by cyclic thermal shock tests with 40°C / +125°C temperature profiles. Pin misalignments relative to the bores were characterized with three attributes obtained from one section of the examined solder joints. Cracks typically originated at the solder/pin or solder/bore interfaces and propagated within the solder. It was shown that pin misalignments did not have an effect on crack propagation, thus, the solder joints’ lifetime.
Challenges of Using Elemental Nickel and Titanium Powders for the Fabrication of Monolithic NiTi Parts
Authors: Farvizi M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDue to its interesting properties and wide applications in different industries, fabrication of monolithic NiTi with cost-effective methods is an important and attractive issue. One of the economic ways to fabricate NiTi is employing elemental nickel and titanium powders. In this study, effects of using elemental powders as a precursor on the microstructure and mechanical properties of HIP-consolidated NiTi samples will be explored. The result of XRD analysis showed that after HIP process an interwoven structure which consists of NiTi2, Ni3Ti and B2-B19′ NiTi evolves. The formation of NiTi2/Ni3Ti intermetallics is thermodynamically favored which affects different aspects of this alloy: (i) it alters martensitic transformation temperatures; (ii) restricts essential properties of this alloy such as PE and SME, (iii) increases hardness, and (iv) yields to premature fracture at small strains during tensile tests.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-3 Vol% CNT Nanocomposites Processed by High-Pressure Torsion
Authors: Asgharzadeh H. , Kim H.S. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Al-3 vol% CNT nanocomposites were processed by high-pressure torsion (HPT) at room temperature under the pressure in the range of 2.5-10 GPa for up to 10 turns. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to investigate the microstructural evolutions upon HPT. Mechanical properties of the HPT-processed disks were studied using tensile tests and microhardness measurements. The results show gradual evolutions in the density, microstructure, and hardness with increasing the number of turns and applied presure. Nanostructured and elongated Al grains with an average grain thickness of ~40 nm perpendicular to the compression axis of HPT and an aspect ratio of ~3 are formed after 10 turns under 6 GPa. Evaluating the mechanical properties of the 10-turn processed Al/CNT nanocomposites indicates a tensile strength of 321 MPa and a hardness of 122 Hv. The tensile fracture surface of the Al/CNT nanocomposite mostly demonstrates a smooth fracture manner with fine dimples resulting in a low tensile ductility of ~1.5%.
Fabrication of High-Strength Gray Cast Iron Using Permanent Magnet Scrap
Authors: Park Seung-Yeon , Kim J.H. , Seo S.J. , On J.S. , Lim K.M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this study, we have developed the manufacturing technology for high strength gray cast irons by using the spent permanent magnet scraps. The cast specimen inoculated by using a spent magnet scraps showed the excellent tensile strength up to 306MPa. This tensile strength value is 50MPa higher than that of the specimen cast without inoculation, and is similar to that of the specimen inoculated by using the expensive misch-metal. These superior mechanical properties are attributed to complex sulfides created during solidification that promote the formation and growth of Type-A graphite. It is therefore concluded that spent magnets scrap can provide an efficient and cost-effective inoculation agent for the fabrication of high-performance gray cast iron.
Examination of Clustering in Eutectic Microstrcture
Authors: Bortnyik K. , Barkóczy P. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The eutectic microstructures are complex microstructures and a hard work to describe it with few numbers. The eutectics builds up eutectic cells. In the cells the phases are clustered. With the development of big databases the data mining also develops, and produces a lot of method to handling the large datasets, and earns information from the sets. One typical method is the clustering, which finds the groups in the datasets. In this article a partitioning and a hierarchical clustering is applied to eutectic structures to find the clusters. In the case of AlMn alloy the K-means algorithm work well, and find the eutectic cells. In the case of ductile cast iron the hierarchical clustering works better. With the combination of the partitioning and hierarchical clustering with the image transformation, an effective method is developed for clustering the objects in the microstructures.
Effect of Alloying Elements on Plastic Workability and Corrosion Behavior of Ti-X (X = 6 Co, 8 Cr, 4 Fe, 6 Mn, 10 Mo, and 36 Nb) Binary Alloys
Authors: Zhao Z. , Lee K. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the alloying elements on the plastic workability and corrosion behavior of Ti-X (wt.%) (X = 6 Co, 8 Cr, 4 Fe, 6 Mn, 10 Mo, and 36 Nb) binary alloys. The alloys with a molybdenum equivalence of 10 wt.% were fabricated by a vacuum arc re-melting process and were then homogenized at a temperature 20°C greater than the beta transus temperature for 14.4 ks. The plastic workability was investigated under uniaxial cold rolling, while the corrosion behavior was examined in Ringer’s solution at 37°C. Among the Ti-X alloys, the Ti-8 wt.% Cr and Ti-6 wt.% Mn alloys showed an outstanding plastic workability and corrosion resistance, respectively.
Compressive Deformation Behavior of Thick Micro-Alloyed HSLA Steel Plates at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Lee J.-H. , Kim D.-O. , Lee K. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The hot deformation behavior of a heavy micro-alloyed high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel plate was studied by performing compression tests at elevated temperatures. The hot compression tests were carried out at temperatures from 923 K to 1,223 K with strain rates of 0.002 s−1 and 1.0 s−1. A long plateau region appeared for the 0.002 s−1 strain rate, and this was found to be an effect of the balancing between softening and hardening during deformation. For the 1.0 s−1 strain rate, the flow stress gradually increased after the yield point. The temperature and the strain rate-dependent parameters, such as the strain hardening coefficient (n), strength constant (K), and activation energy (Q), obtained from the flow stress curves were applied to the power law of plastic deformation. The constitutive model for flow stress can be expressed as σ = (39.8 ln (Z) – 716.6) · ε(−0.00955ln(Z) + 0.4930) for the 1.0 s−1 strain rate and σ = (19.9ln (Z) – 592.3) · ε(−0.00212ln(Z) + 0.1540) for the 0.002 s−1 strain rate.