bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the role of the IGF axis as a predictor of biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer patients post‐surgery
Authors: Breen Kieran J. , O'Neill Amanda , Murphy Lisa , Fan Yue , Boyce Susie , Fitzgerald Noel , Dorris Emma , Brady Lauren , Finn Stephen P. , Hayes Brian D. , Treacy Ann , Barrett Ciara , Aziz Mardiana Abdul , Kay Elaine W. , Fitzpatrick John M. , Watson R. William G. 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundBetween 20% and 35% of prostate cancer (PCa) patients who undergo treatment with curative intent (ie, surgery or radiation therapy) for localized disease will experience biochemical recurrence (BCR). Alterations in the insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) axis and PTEN expression have been implicated in the development and progression of several human tumors including PCa. We examined the expression of the insulin receptor (INSR), IGF‐1 receptor (IGF‐1R), PTEN, and AKT in radical prostatectomy tissue of patients who developed BCR post‐surgery.MethodsTissue microarrays (TMA) of 130 patients post‐radical prostatectomy (65 = BCR, 65 = non‐BCR) were stained by immunohistochemistry for INSR, IGF‐1R, PTEN, and AKT using optimized antibody protocols. INSR, IGF1‐R, PTEN, and AKT expression between benign and cancerous tissue, and different Gleason grades was assessed. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves were used to examine the relationship between proteins expression and BCR.ResultsINSR (P < 0.001), IGF‐1R (P < 0.001), and AKT (P < 0.05) expression was significantly increased and PTEN (P < 0.001) was significantly decreased in cancerous versus benign tissue. There was no significant difference in INSR, IGF‐1R, or AKT expression in the cancerous tissue of non‐BCR versus BCR patients (P = 0.149, P = 0.990, P = 0.399, respectively). There was a significant decrease in PTEN expression in the malignant tissue of BCR versus non‐BCR patients (P = 0.011). Combinational analysis of the tissue proteins identified a combination of decreased PTEN and increased AKT or increased INSR was associated with worst outcome. We found that in each case, our hypothesized worst group was most likely to experience BCR and this was significant for combinations of PTEN+INSR and PTEN+AKT but not PTEN+IGF‐1R (P = 0.023, P = 0.028, P = 0.078, respectively).ConclusionsLow PTEN is associated with BCR and this association is strongly modified by high INSR and high AKT expression. Measurement of these proteins could help inform appropriate patient selection for postoperative adjuvant therapy and prevent BCR.
Geometry of X‐ray based measurement of residual strain at desired penetration depth
Authors: Morawiec A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractX‐ray based measurement of residual lattice strains at chosen penetration depth is one of the methods for investigating strain inhomogeneities in near‐surface layers of polycrystalline materials. The measurement relies on determining shifts of Bragg peaks for various directions of the scattering vector with respect to the specimen. At each of these directions, to reach a given the penetration depth, a proper specimen orientation is required. The task of determining such orientations, albeit elementary, is quite intricate. The existing literature describes only partial solutions with unspecified domains of application, which fail if applied to beyond the domains. Therefore, geometric aspects of the measurement are analyzed in details. Explicit bounds on measurement parameters are given. The equation fundamental for the procedure is solved with respect to specimen orientations. For a given direction of the scattering vector, there are generally four different specimen orientations leading to the same penetration depth. This simple fact (overlooked in previous analyses) can be used for improving reliability of measurement results. Analytical formulas for goniometer angles representing these orientations are provided.
Observer‐based tracking control for switched stochastic systems based on a hybrid 2‐D model
Authors: Rathinasamy Sakthivel , Karimi Hamid Reza , K Raajananthini , Selvaraj P , Ren Yong 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThis paper is concerned with the observer‐based output tracking problem for a class of linear switched stochastic systems with time delay and disturbance by using repetitive control approach. More precisely, a two‐dimensional hybrid model is incorporated to obtain and optimize the repetitive controller. In particular, the repetitive controller is used to improve the tracking performance through its continuous learning actions. In addition, an equivalent‐input‐disturbance estimator is incorporated into the repetitive control design approach to reduce the effect of the external disturbances. The main aim of the control design is to track the periodic reference signal with the measured output of the system under consideration even in the presence of an unknown bounded disturbance. By constructing a suitable Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional and using average dwell time approach and Jensen inequality, sufficient conditions are obtained in terms of linear matrix inequalities to guarantee the mean‐square exponential stability of the considered system. Eventually, a numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed method.
Dreams, agency, and judgement
Authors: Soteriou Matthew 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSosa (Proc Addresses Am Philos Assoc 79(2): 7–18, 2005) argues that we should reject the orthodox conception of dreaming—the view that dream states and waking states are “intrinsically alike, though different in their causes and effects” (2005: p. 7). The alternative he proposes is that “to dream is to imagine” (2005: p. 7). According to this imagination model of dreaming, our dreamt conscious beliefs, experiences, affirmations, decisions and intentions are not “real” insofar as they are all merely imagined beliefs, experiences, affirmations, decisions and intentions. This paper assesses the epistemic implications of Sosa’s imagination model of dreaming. Section 1 outlines and assesses the reasons Sosa gives for thinking that his imagination model of dreaming introduces a new dimension to debates about dream scepticism. Sosa argues that his imagination model of dreaming invites a more radical version of dream scepticism, and also makes available a novel and more powerful response to dream scepticism. Objections are raised to both of those claims. This leads to a challenge to Sosa’s imagination model of dreaming. This is the concern that Sosa’s imagination model of dreaming lacks the resources to accommodate the intuition that there is something illusory or misleading about one’s situation when one is dreaming, and as a result his account of dreams fails to accommodate the common intuition that there is a sceptical problem about dreaming but not about dreamless sleep. Section 2 of the paper elaborates a version of the imagination model of dreaming that can overcome that challenge. This version of the imagination model of dreaming goes beyond what Sosa explicitly commits to when he outlines his view of dreams, however, it exploits ideas that are integral to a key theme in Sosa’s recent writings on virtue reliabilism—namely his proposal that epistemic agency should be accorded a central place in that approach to knowledge, and his related proposal that agency is exercised in conscious judgement. An implication of this version of the imagination model of dreaming is that an elucidation of a connection between the wakeful condition and our capacity to exercise agency over our mental lives should be central to an account of the nature, and epistemic significance of, wakeful consciousness. The final section of the paper considers whether this version of the imagination model of dreaming has anything novel to contribute to debates about dream scepticism.
Geological Evaluation of EIGEN-6C4 and GOCE Derived Gravity Models in and around Karakoram Shear Zone, Leh, India
Authors: Roy Priyom , Krishnaveni A. Sai , Kumar K. Vinod 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
New generation high resolution gravity models derived from space-borne gravity data, integrated with land based surveys, have enabled understanding of regional gravity field over regions, which are till date considered to be inaccessible for land surveys, especially in mountainous terrains. In this study, we evaluate two high resolution gravity models EIGEN-6C4 and GO_CONS_GCF_2_TIM_R5 in order to understand its usability in identification of meso-scale regional geological features and lithological boundaries around the Karakoram shear zone, in Leh, India. The EIGEN-6C4 is a “hybrid” model integrating data from space-borne sensors and terrestrial data, whereas GO_CONS_GCF_2_TIM_R5 is a model derived from the latest space-borne GOCE sensor. Bouguer gravity anomaly has been derived for both the models and compared. It is seen that, the GOCE derived model pertains to the regional gravity field of the region and compares well with the regional derivative of the EIGEN-6C4 model. Further, the EIGEN-6C4 has been analyzed using horizontal derivatives (dx, dy), analytical signal (ANS) and tilt derivative (TDR) techniques. These, derived maps are then overlain on published geological map of the area to understand the correlation between sub-surface geology vis a vis gravitational signal. The major and distinct geological signatures as derived from the various derivative maps correlate well with the existing geological map. The source boundaries derived from the TDR map agrees reasonably well with the lithological boundaries. Further, the anomaly and derivative maps from EIGEN-6C4 indicates towards a possible continuation of the Shyok suture zone in the region. Therefore, for the given spatial extent of the area under consideration, the GOCE derived model represents the regional field, whereas the EIGEN-6C4 data and derivatives are of sufficient resolution for understanding the geological variability in and around the Karakoram shear zone.
WHY DO SOCIETIES WITH HIGHER AVERAGE COGNITIVE ABILITY HAVE LOWER INCOME INEQUALITY? THE ROLE OF REDISTRIBUTIVE POLICIES
Authors: Salahodjaev Raufhon , Kanazawa Satoshi 
Published: July 2017

SummaryPast studies suggest that, across nations, the average cognitive ability of a population is negatively associated with income inequality; societies with higher average cognitive ability tend to have lower levels of income inequality. However, it is not clearwhy. This paper proposes that social transfers from the wealthy to the poor may be a major mechanism by which some societies achieve lower income inequality than others, because more intelligent individuals may be more likely to have a preference for such transfers. Publicly available societal-level data were analysed in a series of multiple regression models. The empirical results in this study replicate the earlier finding that societies with higher cognitive ability have lower levels of income inequality, but the association isentirelymediated by social transfers. Social transfers therefore appear to be the primary mechanism by which societies with higher levels of cognitive ability achieve lower income inequality.
Visual speech fills in both discrimination and identification of non-intact auditory speech in children
Authors: JERGER SUSAN , DAMIAN MARKUS F. , MCALPINE RACHEL P. , ABDI HERVÉ 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTo communicate, children must discriminate and identify speech sounds. Because visual speech plays an important role in this process, we explored how visual speech influences phoneme discrimination and identification by children. Critical items had intact visual speech (e.g.bæz) coupled to non-intact (excised onsets) auditory speech (signified by /–b/æz). Children discriminated syllable pairs that differed in intactness (i.e. bæz:/–b/æz) and identified non-intact nonwords (/–b/æz). We predicted that visual speech would cause children to perceive the non-intact onsets as intact, resulting in moresameresponses for discrimination and more intact (i.e.bæz) responses for identification in the audiovisual than auditory mode. Visual speech for the easy-to-speechread /b/ but not for the difficult-to-speechread /g/ boosted discrimination and identification (about 35–45%) in children from four to fourteen years. The influence of visual speech on discrimination was uniquely associated with the influence of visual speech on identification and receptive vocabulary skills.
Serological and molecular diagnostic tests for canine visceral leishmaniasis in Brazilian endemic area: one out of five seronegative dogs are infected
Authors: LOPES E. G. , SEVÁ A. P. , FERREIRA F. , NUNES C. M. , KEID L. B. , HIRAMOTO R. M. , FERREIRA H. L. , OLIVEIRA T. M. F. S. , BIGOTTO M. F. D. , GALVIS-OVALLOS F. , GALATI E. A. B. , SOARES R. M. 
Published: July 2017

SUMMARYEuthanasia of infected dogs is one of the measures adopted in Brazil to control visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in endemic areas. To detect infected dogs, animals are screened with the rapid test DPP® Visceral Canine Leishmaniasis for detection of antibodies against K26/K39 fusion antigens of amastigotes (DPP). DPP-positives are confirmed with an immunoenzymatic assay probing soluble antigens of promastigotes (ELISA), while DPP-negatives are considered free of infection. Here, 975 dogs from an endemic region were surveyed by using DPP, ELISA and real-time PCR (qPCR) for the diagnosis of VL. When DPP-negative dogs were tested by qPCR applied in blood and lymph node aspirates, 174/887 (19·6%) were positive in at least one sample. In a second sampling using 115 cases, the DPP-negative dogs were tested by qPCR in blood, lymph node and conjunctival swab samples, and 36/79 (45·6%) were positive in at least one sample. Low-to-moderate pairwise agreement was observed between all possible pair of tests. In conclusion, the official diagnosis of VL in dogs in Brazilian endemic areas failed to accuse an expressive number of infected animals and the impact of the low accuracy of serological tests in the success of euthanasia-based measure for VL control need to be assessed.
Co-circulation and co-infections of all dengue virus serotypes in Hyderabad, India 2014
Authors: VADDADI K. , GANDIKOTA C. , JAIN P. K. , PRASAD V. S. V. , VENKATARAMANA M. 
Published: July 2017

SUMMARYThe burden of dengue virus infections increased globally during recent years. Though India is considered as dengue hyper-endemic country, limited data are available on disease epidemiology. The present study includes molecular characterization of dengue virus strains occurred in Hyderabad, India, during the year 2014. A total of 120 febrile cases were recruited for this study, which includes only children and 41 were serologically confirmed for dengue positive infections using non-structural (NS1) and/or IgG/IgM ELISA tests. RT-PCR, nucleotide sequencing and evolutionary analyses were carried out to identify the circulating serotypes/genotypes. The data indicated a high percent of severe dengue (63%) in primary infections. Simultaneous circulation of all four serotypes and co-infections were observed for the first time in Hyderabad, India. In total, 15 patients were co-infected with more than one dengue serotype and 12 (80%) of them had severe dengue. One of the striking findings of the present study is the identification of serotype Den-1 as the first report from this region and this strain showed close relatedness to the Thailand 1980 strains but not to any of the strains reported from India until now. Phylogenetically, all four strains of the present study showed close relatedness to the strains, which are reported to be high virulent.
A seroprevalence study to determine the frequency of hantavirus infection in people exposed to wild and pet fancy rats in England
Authors: DUGGAN J. M. , CLOSE R. , MCCANN L. , WRIGHT D. , KEYS M. , MCCARTHY N. , MANNES T. , WALSH A. , CHARLETT A. , BROOKS T. J. G. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryRecent cases of acute kidney injury due to Seoul hantavirus infection from exposure to wild or pet fancy rats suggest this infection is increasing in prevalence in the UK. We conducted a seroprevalence study in England to estimate cumulative exposure in at-risk groups with contact with domesticated and wild rats to assess risk and inform public health advice. From October 2013 to June 2014, 844 individual blood samples were collected. Hantavirus seroprevalence amongst the pet fancy rat owner group was 34.1% (95% CI 23·9–45·7%) compared with 3·3% (95% CI 1·6–6·0) in a baseline control group, 2·4% in those with occupational exposure to pet fancy rats (95% CI 0·6–5·9) and 1·7% with occupational exposure to wild rats (95% CI 0·2–5·9). Variation in seroprevalence across groups with different exposure suggests that occupational exposure to pet and wild rats carries a very low risk, if any. However incidence of hantavirus infection among pet fancy rat owners/breeders, whether asymptomatic, undiagnosed mild viral illness or more severe disease may be very common and public health advice needs to be targeted to this at-risk group.
An actuarial investigation into maternal hospital cost risk factors for public patients
Authors: William Jananie , Martin Michael A. , Chojenta Catherine , Loxton Deborah 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe investigate an actuarial approach to identifying the factors impacting government-funded maternal hospital costs in Australia, with a focus on women who experience adverse birth outcomes. We propose a two-phase modelling methodology that adopts actuarial methods from typical insurance claim cost modelling and extends to other statistical techniques to account for the large volume of covariates available for modelling. Specifically, Classification and Regression Trees and generalised linear mixed models are employed to analyse a data set that links longitudinal survey and administrative data from a large sample of women. The results show that adverse births are a statistically significant risk factor affecting maternal hospital costs in the antenatal and delivery periods. Other significant cost risk factors in the delivery period include mode of delivery, private health insurance status, diabetes, smoking status, area of residence and onset of labour. We demonstrate the efficacy of using actuarial techniques in non-traditional areas and highlight how the results can be used to inform public policy.
Biological iron-sulfur storage in a thioferrate-protein nanoparticle
Authors: Vaccaro Brian J. , Clarkson Sonya M. , Holden James F. , Lee Dong-Woo , Wu Chang-Hao , Poole II Farris L. , Cotelesage Julien J. H. , Hackett Mark J. , Mohebbi Sahel , Sun Jingchuan , Li Huilin , Johnson Michael K. , George Graham N. , Adams Michael W. W. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIron–sulfur clusters are ubiquitous in biology and function in electron transfer and catalysis. They are assembled from iron and cysteine sulfur on protein scaffolds. Iron is typically stored as iron oxyhydroxide, ferrihydrite, encapsulated in 12 nm shells of ferritin, which buffers cellular iron availability. Here we have characterized IssA, a protein that stores iron and sulfur as thioferrate, an inorganic anionic polymer previously unknown in biology. IssA forms nanoparticles reaching 300 nm in diameter and is the largest natural metalloprotein complex known. It is a member of a widely distributed protein family that includes nitrogenase maturation factors, NifB and NifX. IssA nanoparticles are visible by electron microscopy as electron-dense bodies in the cytoplasm. Purified nanoparticles appear to be generated from 20 nm units containing ∼6,400 Fe atoms and ∼170 IssA monomers. In support of roles in both iron–sulfur storage and cluster biosynthesis, IssA reconstitutes the [4Fe-4S] cluster in ferredoxin in vitro.
Number of infection events per cell during HIV-1 cell-free infection
Authors: Ito Yusuke , Remion Azaria , Tauzin Alexandra , Ejima Keisuke , Nakaoka Shinji , Iwasa Yoh , Iwami Shingo , Mammano Fabrizio 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHIV-1 accumulates changes in its genome through both recombination and mutation during the course of infection. For recombination to occur, a single cell must be infected by two HIV strains. These coinfection events were experimentally demonstrated to occur more frequently than would be expected for independent infection events and do not follow a random distribution. Previous mathematical modeling approaches demonstrated that differences in target cell susceptibility can explain the non-randomness, both in the context of direct cell-to-cell transmission, and in the context of free virus transmission (Q. Dang et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101:632-7, 2004: K. M. Law et al., Cell reports 15:2711-83, 2016). Here, we build on these notions and provide a more detailed and extensive quantitative framework. We developed a novel mathematical model explicitly considering the heterogeneity of target cells and analysed datasets of cell-free HIV-1 single and double infection experiments in cell culture. Particularly, in contrast to the previous studies, we took into account the different susceptibility of the target cells as a continuous distribution. Interestingly, we showed that the number of infection events per cell during cell-free HIV-1 infection follows a negative-binomial distribution, and our model reproduces these datasets.
Reducing Animal Use with a Biotelemetry-Enhanced Murine Model of Sepsis
Authors: Lewis Anthony , Zuckerbraun Brian , Griepentrog John , Zhang Xianghong , Rosengart Matthew 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAnimal models of sepsis exhibit considerable variability in the temporal development of the physiologic response, which reduces the power of studies, particularly if interventions are tested at arbitrary time points. We developed a biotelemetry-based model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) that standardizes the testing of time-sensitive therapies to specific criteria of physiologic deterioration. In this study we seek to further define the variability in physiologic response to CLP sepsis and conduct a cost analysis detailing the potential for reducing animal usage. We have further characterized the variability in physiologic response after CLP in mice and determined peaks in the temporal distribution of points of physiologic decline. Testing therapies at physiologic thresholds reduces the variability found in historical fixed time-based models. Though initial cost is higher with biotelemetry, this is eventually offset by the significantly reduced number of mice needed to conduct physiologically relevant sepsis experiments.
How vegetation in flows modifies the turbulent mixing and spreading of jets
Authors: Mossa Michele , Ben Meftah Mouldi , De Serio Francesca , Nepf Heidi M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWhile studies on vegetated channel flows have been developed in many research centers, studies on jets interacting with vegetation are still rare. This study presents and analyzes turbulent jets issued into an obstructed cross-flow, with emergent vegetation simulated with a regular array of cylinders. The paper presents estimates of the turbulence diffusion coefficients and the main turbulence variables of jets issued into a vegetated channel flow. The experimental results are compared with jets issued into unobstructed cross-flow. In the presence of the cylinder array, the turbulence length-scales in the streamwise and transverse directions were reduced, relative to the unobstructed crossflow. This contributed to a reduction in streamwise turbulent diffusion, relative to the unobstructed conditions. In contrast, the transverse turbulent diffusion was enhanced, despite the reduction in length-scale, due to enhanced turbulent intensity and the transverse deflection of flow around individual cylinders. Importantly, in the obstructed condition, the streamwise and transverse turbulent diffusion coefficients are of the same order of magnitude.