bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Porous Silicon-Based Biosensors: Towards Real-Time Optical Detection of Target Bacteria in the Food Industry
Authors: Massad-Ivanir Naama , Shtenberg Giorgi , Raz Nitzan , Gazenbeek Christel , Budding Dries , Bos Martine P. , Segal Ester 
Published: November 2016

AbstractRapid detection of target bacteria is crucial to provide a safe food supply and to prevent foodborne diseases. Herein, we present an optical biosensor for identification and quantification of Escherichia coli (E. coli, used as a model indicator bacteria species) in complex food industry process water. The biosensor is based on a nanostructured, oxidized porous silicon (PSi) thin film which is functionalized with specific antibodies against E. coli. The biosensors were exposed to water samples collected directly from process lines of fresh-cut produce and their reflectivity spectra were collected in real time. Process water were characterized by complex natural micro-flora (microbial load of >107 cell/mL), in addition to soil particles and plant cell debris. We show that process water spiked with culture-grown E. coli, induces robust and predictable changes in the thin-film optical interference spectrum of the biosensor. The latter is ascribed to highly specific capture of the target cells onto the biosensor surface, as confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The biosensors were capable of selectively identifying and quantifying the target cells, while the target cell concentration is orders of magnitude lower than that of other bacterial species, without any pre-enrichment or prior processing steps.
Parental and sexual conflicts over the Peg3 imprinted domain
Authors: He Hongzhi , Perera Bambarendage P. U. , Ye An , Kim Joomyeong 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn the current study, the imprinting control region of the mouse Peg3 domain was deleted to test its functional impact on animal growth and survival. The paternal transmission of the deletion resulted in complete abolition of the transcription of two paternally expressed genes, Peg3 and Usp29, causing the reduced body weight of the pups. In contrast, the maternal transmission resulted in the unexpected transcriptional up-regulation of the remaining paternal allele of both Peg3 and Usp29, causing the increased body weight and survival rates. Thus, the imprinted maternal allele of the ICR may be a suppressor antagonistic to the active paternal allele of the ICR, suggesting a potential intralocus allelic conflict. The opposite outcomes between the two transmissions also justify the functional compromise that the maternal allele has become epigenetically repressed rather than genetically deleted during mammalian evolution. The mice homozygous for the deletion develop normally but with a skewed sex ratio, one male per litter, revealing its sex-biased effect. Overall, the Peg3 locus may have evolved to an imprinted domain to cope with both parental and sexual conflicts driven by its growth-stimulating paternal versus growth-suppressing maternal alleles.
Wide variation in susceptibility of transmitted/founder HIV-1 subtype C Isolates to protease inhibitors and association with in vitro replication efficiency
Authors: Sutherland Katherine A. , Collier Dami A. , Claiborne Daniel T. , Prince Jessica L. , Deymier Martin J. , Goldstein Richard A. , Hunter Eric , Gupta Ravindra K. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe gag gene is highly polymorphic across HIV-1 subtypes and contributes to susceptibility to protease inhibitors (PI), a critical class of antiretrovirals that will be used in up to 2 million individuals as second-line therapy in sub Saharan Africa by 2020. Given subtype C represents around half of all HIV-1 infections globally, we examined PI susceptibility in subtype C viruses from treatment-naïve individuals. PI susceptibility was measured in a single round infection assay of full-length, replication competent MJ4/gag chimeric viruses, encoding the gag gene and 142 nucleotides of pro derived from viruses in 20 patients in the Zambia-Emory HIV Research Project acute infection cohort. Ten-fold variation in susceptibility to PIs atazanavir and lopinavir was observed across 20 viruses, with EC50s ranging 0.71–6.95 nM for atazanvir and 0.64–8.54 nM for lopinavir. Ten amino acid residues in Gag correlated with lopinavir EC50 (p < 0.01), of which 380 K and 389I showed modest impacts on in vitro drug susceptibility. Finally a significant relationship between drug susceptibility and replication capacity was observed for atazanavir and lopinavir but not darunavir. Our findings demonstrate large variation in susceptibility of PI-naïve subtype C viruses that appears to correlate with replication efficiency and could impact clinical outcomes.
Very rapid long-distance sea crossing by a migratory bird
Authors: Alves José A. , Dias Maria P. , Méndez Verónica , Katrínardóttir Borgný , Gunnarsson Tómas G. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractLandbirds undertaking within-continent migrations have the possibility to stop en route, but most long-distance migrants must also undertake large non-stop sea crossings, the length of which can vary greatly. For shorebirds migrating from Iceland to West Africa, the shortest route would involve one of the longest continuous sea crossings while alternative, mostly overland, routes are available. Using geolocators to track the migration of Icelandic whimbrels (Numenius phaeopus), we show that they can complete a round-trip of 11,000 km making two non-stop sea crossings and flying at speeds of up to 24 m s−1; the fastest recorded for shorebirds flying over the ocean. Although wind support could reduce flight energetic costs, whimbrels faced headwinds up to twice their ground speed, indicating that unfavourable and potentially fatal weather conditions are not uncommon. Such apparently high risk migrations might be more common than previously thought, with potential fitness gains outweighing the costs.
Driving a Superconductor to Insulator Transition with Random Gauge Fields
Authors: Nguyen H. Q. , Hollen S. M. , Shainline J. , Xu J. M. , Valles J. M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTypically the disorder that alters the interference of particle waves to produce Anderson localization is potential scattering from randomly placed impurities. Here we show that disorder in the form of random gauge fields that act directly on particle phases can also drive localization. We present evidence of a superfluid bose glass to insulator transition at a critical level of this gauge field disorder in a nano-patterned array of amorphous Bi islands. This transition shows signs of metallic transport near the critical point characterized by a resistance "Equation missing", indicative of a quantum phase transition. The critical disorder depends on interisland coupling in agreement with recent Quantum Monte Carlo simulations. We discuss how this disorder tuned SIT differs from the common frustration tuned SIT that also occurs in magnetic fields. Its discovery enables new high fidelity comparisons between theoretical and experimental studies of disorder effects on quantum critical systems.
The rodent malaria liver stage survives in the rapamycin-induced autophagosome of infected Hepa1–6 cells
Authors: Zhao Chenghao , Liu Taiping , Zhou Taoli , Fu Yong , Zheng Hong , Ding Yan , Zhang Kun , Xu Wenyue 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIt has been reported that non-selective autophagy of infected hepatocytes could facilitate the development of malaria in the liver stage, but the fate of parasites following selective autophagy of infected hepatocytes is still not very clear. Here, we confirmed that sporozoite infection can induce a selective autophagy-like process targeting EEFs (exo-erythrocytic forms) in Hepa1–6. Rapamycin treatment greatly enhanced this process in EEFs and non-selective autophagy of infected Hepa1-6 cells and enhanced the development of the malaria liver stage in vivo. Although rapamycin promoted the fusion of autophagosomes containing the malaria parasite with lysosomes, some parasites inside the autophagosome survived and replicated normally. Further study showed that the maturation of affected autolysosomes was greatly inhibited. Therefore, in addition to the previously described positive role of rapamycin-induced nonselective autophagy of hepatocytes, we provide evidence that the survival of EEFs in the autophagosome of the infected hepatocytes also contributes to rapamycin-enhanced development of the malaria liver stage, possibly due to the suppression of autolysosome maturation by EEFs. These data suggest that the inhibition of autolysosome maturation might be a novel escape strategy used by the malaria liver stage.
Resveratrol serves as a protein-substrate interaction stabilizer in human SIRT1 activation
Authors: Hou Xuben , Rooklin David , Fang Hao , Zhang Yingkai 
Published: November 2016

AbstractResveratrol is a natural compound found in red wine that has been suggested to exert its potential health benefit through the activation of SIRT1, a crucial member of the mammalian NAD+-dependent deacetylases. SIRT1 has emerged as an attractive therapeutic target for many aging related diseases, however, how its activity can only be activated toward some specific substrates by resveratrol has been poorly understood. Herein, by employing extensive molecular dynamics simulations as well as fragment-centric topographical mapping of binding interfaces, we have clarified current controversies in the literature and elucidated that resveratrol plays an important activation role by stabilizing SIRT1/peptide interactions in a substrate-specific manner. This new mechanism highlights the importance of the N-terminal domain in substrate recognition, explains the activity restoration role of resveratrol toward some “loose-binding” substrates of SIRT1, and has significant implications for the rational design of new substrate-specific SIRT1 modulators.
Heterozygote Advantage of the rs3794624 Polymorphism in CYBA for Resistance to Tuberculosis in Two Chinese Populations
Authors: Liu Qianqian , Wu Shouquan , Xue Miao , Sandford Andrew J. , Wu Jingcan , Wang Yu , Chen Guo , Tao Chuanmin , Tang Yin , Feng Yulin , Luo Jun , He Jian-Qing 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPhagocyte Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) oxidase complex is a key enzyme that catalyzes the production of reactive oxygen species, which mediate oxygen-dependent killing of microorganisms, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. P22phox, encoded by CYBA, is the key regulatory subunit of NADPH oxidase. Our study aimed to investigate the association of CYBA polymorphisms with susceptibility to tuberculosis. Three SNPs (rs9932581, rs3794624 and rs4673) were genotyped in the discovery cohort composed of Chinese Han individuals. We found that the A allele of rs3794624 was a significant protective factor against tuberculosis (GA vs. GG: OR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.57–0.96; GA vs. GG+AA: OR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.56–0.95), which was then replicated in the Chinese Tibetan population (GA vs. GG: OR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.51–0.92; AA+GA vs. GG: OR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.52–0.93; GA vs. GG+AA: OR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.51–0.92). Meta-analysis including both cohorts identified overdominance as the best genetic model and provided robust evidence for the protective effect of the rs3794624 GA genotype against tuberculosis without any evidence of heterogeneity (GA vs. GG+AA: OR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.58–0.86). Our study found an association between the GA genotype of rs3794624 in CYBA with decreased tuberculosis susceptibility in two Chinese populations. Further analyses are needed to reveal the potential function of this SNP.
Tunable microwave metasurfaces for high-performance operations: dispersion compensation and dynamical switch
Authors: Xu He-Xiu , Tang Shiwei , Ma Shaojie , Luo Weijie , Cai Tong , Sun Shulin , He Qiong , Zhou Lei 
Published: November 2016

AbstractControlling the phase distributions on metasurfaces leads to fascinating effects such as anomalous light refraction/reflection, flat-lens focusing, and optics-vortex generation. However, metasurfaces realized so far largely reply on passive resonant meta-atoms, whose intrinsic dispersions limit such passive meta-devices’ performances at frequencies other than the target one. Here, based on tunable meta-atoms with varactor diodes involved, we establish a scheme to resolve these issues for microwave metasurfaces, in which the dispersive response of each meta-atom is precisely controlled by an external voltage imparted on the diode. We experimentally demonstrate two effects utilizing our scheme. First, we show that a tunable gradient metasurface exhibits single-mode high-efficiency operation within a wide frequency band, while its passive counterpart only works at a single frequency but exhibits deteriorated performances at other frequencies. Second, we demonstrate that the functionality of our metasurface can be dynamically switched from a specular reflector to a surface-wave convertor. Our approach paves the road to achieve dispersion-corrected and switchable manipulations of electromagnetic waves.
Sex-specific Association Between Uric Acid and Outcomes After Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Prospective Study from CATIS Trial
Authors: Chen Li-Hua , Zhong Chongke , Xu Tan , Xu Tian , Peng Yanbo , Wang Aili , Wang Jinchao , Peng Hao , Li Qunwei , Ju Zhong , Geng Deqin , Zhang Jintao , Li Yongqiu , Zhang Yonghong , He Jiang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe relationship between serum uric acid (UA) and outcomes after acute ischemic stroke remains debatable in human studies, and the sex effect on this association has yet to be explored. Here, we investigated these associations in a prospective study from the China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Baseline UA levels were measured in 3284 acute ischemic stroke patients. Primary outcome was defined as a combination of death and major disability (modified Rankin Scale score ≥3) at 3 months. UA levels were significantly higher in men than women (310.6 ± 96.1 vs 257.5 ± 89.9 μmol/L, P < 0.001). The association between serum UA and the primary outcome was appreciably modified by sex (P-interaction = 0.007). After multivariate adjustment, a high serum UA was associated with a decreased risk of primary outcome in men [odds ratio (OR), 0.63; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.44–0.91; P-trend = 0.01] but not in women (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 0.83–2.01; P-trend = 0.15), when two extreme quartiles were compared. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses further confirmed these sex-specific findings. Our study indicated that there was a sex-specific association between serum UA and prognosis of acute ischemic stroke. Elevated serum UA was positively associated with better prognosis in men, but not in women.
Construction of a minimal genome as a chassis for synthetic biology
Authors: Sung Bong Hyun , Choe Donghui , Kim Sun Chang , Cho Byung-Kwan 
Published: November 2016

Microbial diversity and complexity pose challenges in understanding the voluminous genetic information produced from whole-genome sequences, bioinformatics and high-throughput ‘-omics’ research. These challenges can be overcome by a core blueprint of a genome drawn with a minimal gene set, which is essential for life. Systems biology and large-scale gene inactivation studies have estimated the number of essential genes to be ∼300–500 in many microbial genomes. On the basis of the essential gene set information, minimal-genome strains have been generated using sophisticated genome engineering techniques, such as genome reduction and chemical genome synthesis. Current size-reduced genomes are not perfect minimal genomes, but chemically synthesized genomes have just been constructed. Some minimal genomes provide various desirable functions for bioindustry, such as improved genome stability, increased transformation efficacy and improved production of biomaterials. The minimal genome as a chassis genome for synthetic biology can be used to construct custom-designed genomes for various practical and industrial applications.
Dynamic Decompressive Craniotomy with a Novel Reversibly Expandable Plate
Authors: Khanna Rohit 
Published: November 2016

Objective To assess the feasibility of a dynamic craniotomy procedure with the use of a novel reversibly expandable cranial bone flap fixation plate. The expandable plate allows outward bone flap migration with an increase in intracranial volume or intracranial pressure (ICP).
Methods Dynamic craniotomy intracranial hypertension compliance was evaluated in a skull model with progressive increase in intracranial volume and compared with the standard craniotomy with fixed plates.
Results Dynamic craniotomy provided significant control of ICP with increasing intracranial volume compared with the standard craniotomy. With an incremental increase in intracranial volume from 360 mL to 600 mL, the ICP increased from 2.6 to 91.9 mm Hg with the standard craniotomy, whereas with the dynamic craniotomy the ICP for similar intracranial volume increased from 2.5 to 25 mm Hg (p < 0.00001).
Conclusions The dynamic craniotomy procedure provides superior control of ICP with an abrupt intracranial volume increase when compared with the standard craniotomy.
Osteochondroma Presenting as a Calcified Mass in the Sellar Region and Review of the Literature
Authors: Sekiguchi Kazuya , Arai Sho , Nonaka Senshu , Suzuki Takamoto , Ishii Hisato , Izumi Hiroshi , Yasumoto Yukimasa , Tsutsumi Satoshi 
Published: November 2016

Objective Osteochondroma (OC) is the most common benign bone neoplasm. It infrequently occurs in the cranial cavity as a calcified lesion and very rarely presents in the sellar region. The present study summarizes the knowledge about OCs of the sellar region.
Methods We searched the literature search for the clinical appearance of OCs and other calcified pathologies occurring in the sellar region.
Results A total of 21 English-language articles published from 1961 to 2015 documented cases of calcified lesions in the sellar region including cerebral aneurysm, chondroid chordoma, chondroma, craniopharyngioma, OC, odontome, osteoma, pituitary adenoma, pituitary stone, Rathke cleft cyst, retinoblastoma, schwannoma, and xanthogranuloma. Among them, six were OC cases: three in the parasellar region and three in the sellar-suprasellar region. Patients with sellar-suprasellar OCs presented with visual loss and hypopituitarism; patients with parasellar OCs did not show these symptoms. OCs appeared as irregular and multilobulated calcifications on X-ray and computed tomography. On magnetic resonance imaging, OCs showed variable intensity on T1-weighted sequences and consistently heterogenous intensity on T2. Four patients underwent transcranial tumor resection, and the transsphenoidal route was selected for one. Five of the six resulted in a partial resection or internal decompression with a satisfactory outcome.
Conclusions Calcified tumors occurring in the sellar region may be OCs, especially if they appear as irregular multilobulated calcification.
Meeting the Sustainable Development Goals leads to lower world population growth
Authors: Abel Guy J. , Barakat Bilal , KC Samir , Lutz Wolfgang 
Published: November 2016

Significance
The future of world population growth matters for future human well-being and interactions with the natural environment. We show the extent to which world population growth could be reduced by fully implementing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) whose health and education targets have direct and indirect consequences on future mortality and fertility trends. Although this assessment is consistent with the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways scenarios used in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change context, it is inconsistent with the prediction range of the United Nations projections for which we present sensitivity analyses and suggests that their range is likely too narrow. Given our assumptions, the SDGs have a sizable effect on global population growth, providing an additional rationale for vigorously pursuing their implementation.
Ebola Virus Persistence in Breast Milk After No Reported Illness: A Likely Source of Virus Transmission From Mother to Child
Authors: Sissoko Daouda , Keïta Mory , Diallo Boubacar , Aliabadi Negar , Fitter David L. , Dahl Benjamin A. , Akoi Bore Joseph , Raymond Koundouno Fara , Singethan Katrin , Meisel Sarah , Enkirch Theresa , Mazzarelli Antonio , Amburgey Victoria , Faye Ousmane , Alpha Sall Amadou , Magassouba N’Faly , Carroll Miles W. , Anglaret Xavier , Malvy Denis , Formenty Pierre , Bruce Aylward Raymond , Keïta Sakoba , Harouna Djingarey Mamoudou , Loman Nicholas J. , Günther Stephan , Duraffour Sophie 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
A 9-month-old infant died from Ebola virus (EBOV) disease with unknown epidemiological link. While her parents did not report previous illness, laboratory investigations revealed persisting EBOV RNA in the mother’s breast milk and the father’s seminal fluid. Genomic analysis strongly suggests EBOV transmission to the child through breastfeeding.
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
Authors: McCosh Kelly 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is an inherited disorder that may lead to early development of emphysema and also can cause serious hepatic disease. Because the condition is underrecognized, diagnosis may be delayed. This article aims to increase awareness about alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency and screening guidelines that can help primary care providers identify patients early for better outcomes.
Patient-centered treatment in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Cox Mary C. , Gulati Vijay K. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and clinicians treating them are faced with innumerable management choices. Minimizing thromboembolic events and strokes related to AF is paramount. Estimating the risks with the various therapies is important for optimal therapy. Also, patients must choose a rate control or a rhythm control strategy. With so many options, clinical presentations, and patient desires, patients with AF are rarely treated identically. This allows for shared decision-making and patient-centered care.
Integrating and Assessing Structural Competency in an Innovative Prehealth Curriculum at Vanderbilt University
Authors: Metzl Jonathan M. , Petty JuLeigh 
Published: November 2016

Problem
Structural competency is a framework for conceptualizing and addressing health-related social justice issues that emphasizes diagnostic recognition of economic and political conditions producing and racializing inequalities in health. Strategies are needed to teach prehealth undergraduate students concepts central to structural competency (e.g., structural inequity, structural racism, structural stigma) and to evaluate their impact.

Approach
The curriculum for Vanderbilt University’s innovative prehealth major in medicine, health, and society (MHS) was reshaped in 2013 to incorporate structural competency concepts and skills into undergraduate courses. The authors developed the Structural Foundations of Health (SFH) evaluation instrument, with closed- and open-ended questions designed to assess undergraduate students’ core structural competency skills. They piloted the SFH instrument in 2015 with MHS seniors.

Outcomes
Of the 85 students included in the analysis, most selected one or more structural factors as among the three most important in explaining U.S. regional childhood obesity rates (85%) and racial disparities in heart disease (92%). More than half described individual- or family-level structural factors (66%) or broad social and political factors (56%) as influencing geographic disparities in childhood obesity. Nearly two-thirds (66%) described racial disparities in heart disease as consequences of socioeconomic differences, discrimination/stereotypes, or policies with racial implications.

Next Steps
Preliminary data suggest that the MHS major trained students to identify and analyze relationships between structural factors and health outcomes. Future research will include a comparison of structural competency skills among MHS students and students in the traditional premedical track and assessment of these skills in incoming first-year students.