bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mortality in Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wong Judith Ju-Ming , Jit Mark , Sultana Rehena , Mok Yee Hui , Yeo Joo Guan , Koh Jia Wen Janine Cynthia , Loh Tsee Foong , Lee Jan Hau 
Published: May 2017

Objective: Sparse and conflicting evidence exists regarding mortality risk from pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We aimed to determine the pooled mortality in pediatric ARDS and to describe its trend over time. Data Sources and Study Selection: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched from 1960 to August 2015. Keywords or medical subject headings (MESH) terms used included “respiratory distress syndrome, adult,” “acute lung injury,” “acute respiratory insufficiency,” “acute hypoxemic respiratory failure,” “pediatrics,” and “child.” Study inclusion criteria were (1) pediatric patients aged 0 days to 18 years, (2) sufficient baseline data described in the pediatric ARDS group, and (3) mortality data. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective observational studies were eligible. Data Extraction and Synthesis: Data on study characteristics, patient demographics, measures of oxygenation, and mortality were extracted using a standard data extraction form. Independent authors conducted the search, applied the selection criteria, and extracted the data. Methodological quality of studies was assessed. Meta-analysis using a random-effects model was performed to obtain pooled estimates of mortality. Meta-regression was performed to analyze variables contributing to change in mortality over time. Eight RCTs and 21 observational studies (n = 2274 patients) were included. Pooled mortality rate was 24% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 19-31). There was a decrease in mortality rates over 3 epochs (≤2000, 2001-2009, and ≥2010: 40% [95% CI: 24-59], 35% [95% CI: 21-51], and 18% [95% CI: 12-26], respectively, P < .001). Observational studies reported a higher mortality rate than RCTs (27% [95% CI: 24-29] versus 16% [95% CI: 12-20], P < .001). Earlier year of publication was an independent factor associated with mortality. Conclusion: Overall mortality rate in pediatric ARDS is approximately 24%. Studies conducted and published later were associated with better survival.
Midterm Outcome of the Agility Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Authors: Raikin Steven M. , Sandrowski Kristin , Kane Justin M. , Beck David , Winters Brian S. 
Published: May 2017

Background: Ankle arthritis is a debilitating condition that causes severe functional impairment. While arthrodesis has been the gold standard of surgical treatment for this condition, significant improvements in total ankle arthroplasty have made it a viable alternative. The purpose of this study was to look at the midterm follow-up of the Agility total ankle. Methods: A retrospective review of prospectively collected data was conducted on 127 consecutive Agility total ankles implanted between 2002 and 2009. Charts were reviewed to collect patient demographics. In addition, coronal alignment, overall arc of motion, tibiotalar component motion, syndesmotic fusion, zones of osteolysis, and subsidence were determined. A Kaplan-Meier survival and linear regression analysis were used to predict implant failure. A multivariate regression analysis was used to assess whether radiographic measures were predictive of patient satisfaction. Results: Ninety (78.2%) of 115 patients retained their primary implant, of which 105 were available for evaluation, with an average follow-up of 9.1 years. Twenty-five had their implant removed. The average score for the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) activities of daily living subscale was 82.4, FAAM sport subscale 55.3, postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) for pain 12.7, and Short Form-12 (SF-12) Health Survey physical component 45.8 and SF-12 mental component 56.1. Average arc of motion across the implant was 22.3 and 6.3 degrees in adjacent joints. Osteolysis most commonly occurred in zones 1 and 6. No statistical differences were found in the rate or location of subsidence. Linear regression analysis demonstrated that age at the time of surgery was predictive of failure ( P = .036). Inflammatory and atraumatic arthritis demonstrated higher likelihoods of revision. No correlation was detected between radiographic parameters and outcomes scores ( P > .05; rho >0.2). A significant reduction in mean VAS pain scores by 67.6% was maintained at an average of 8 years. Discussion: Our results were improved over the nondesigner outcomes published in the current literature. Survivorship approached 80% at 9 years, with Kaplan-Meier 14-year survival calculated at 70.4%. Patients with their original implant were functioning with a high level of satisfaction based on statistically validated outcome scores, which was independent of the radiographic appearance of their implant. Age at the time of surgery and inflammatory/atraumatic arthritis were predictive of failure. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
Thumb boutonnière deformity without rheumatoid arthritis or trauma
Authors: Hara T. , Yoneda H. , Kurimoto S. , Yamamoto M. , Iwatsuki K. , Hirata H. 
Published: May 2017

Boutonnière deformity of the thumb without rheumatoid arthritis or trauma is not widely recognised. This study aimed to investigate its prevalence, relation to sex and age, and identifying factors associated with the extensor mechanism using ultrasonography. We examined 248 thumbs from 127 participants who were asymptomatic for hand disorders and had no history of hand injury. Boutonnière deformity was identified in 20 thumbs of 17 participants and was significantly more prevalent among elderly participants than among young participants. No significant differences in sex or hand dominance were noted. The deformity had a significant effect on range of motion and grip and pinch strengths. The extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) tendon was significantly narrower in affected thumbs than in non-affected thumbs. The prevalence of boutonnière deformity without rheumatoid arthritis or trauma was 13%, and the deformity was associated with advanced age and a narrow EPB tendon. Level of evidence: III
A prospective cohort study of thoracic ultrasound in acute respiratory failure: the C3PO protocol
Authors: Wallbridge Peter D , Joosten Simon A , Hannan Liam M , Steinfort Daniel P , Irving L , Goldin J , Hew Mark 
Published: May 2017

Objectives This study was performed to assess the clinical utility of a standardised thoracic ultrasound examination when added to standard care in patients with acute respiratory failure admitted to an intermediate care unit. This study aimed to assess the impact on clinical diagnosis, clinician confidence and management. Ultrasound has been shown to have utility in patients admitted to intensive care and emergency; however, utility in a ward setting is unknown. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Tertiary hospital in Melbourne, Australia. Participants 50 patients with acute respiratory failure requiring admission to an intermediate care unit. Main outcome measures (1) Change in clinical diagnosis or additional clinical diagnosis following thoracic ultrasound. (2) Change in diagnostic confidence following thoracic ultrasound. (3) Change to management following thoracic ultrasound. Results In 34% of patients, ultrasound detected unexpected findings that changed or added to the clinical diagnosis. Diagnostic confidence was increased in 44%, and the treating clinician altered the management plan in 30% as a result of the ultrasound. Ultrasound was particularly useful in clarifying the diagnosis in patients with multiple initial diagnoses, reducing to a single diagnosis in 69%. Conclusions Thoracic ultrasound has clinical utility in non-intubated adults with acute respiratory failure managed outside intensive care settings. It changed aetiological diagnosis, increases diagnostic confidence and altered clinical management in one out of three patients scanned. Our results suggest extended utility of thoracic ultrasound in acute respiratory failure to a broader context outside the intensive care unit population.
A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of asthma in Puerto Ricans
Authors: Yan Qi , Brehm John , Pino-Yanes Maria , Forno Erick , Lin Jerome , Oh Sam S. , Acosta-Perez Edna , Laurie Cathy C. , Cloutier Michelle M. , Raby Benjamin A. , Stilp Adrienne M. , Sofer Tamar , Hu Donglei , Huntsman Scott , Eng Celeste S. , Conomos Matthew P. , Rastogi Deepa , Rice Kenneth , Canino Glorisa , Chen Wei , Barr R. Graham , Burchard Esteban G. , Celedón Juan C. 
Published: May 2017

Puerto Ricans are disproportionately affected with asthma in the USA. In this study, we aim to identify genetic variants that confer susceptibility to asthma in Puerto Ricans.We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of asthma in Puerto Ricans, including participants from: the Genetics of Asthma in Latino Americans (GALA) I-II, the Hartford–Puerto Rico Study and the Hispanic Community Health Study. Moreover, we examined whether susceptibility loci identified in previous meta-analyses of GWAS are associated with asthma in Puerto Ricans.The only locus to achieve genome-wide significance was chromosome 17q21, as evidenced by our top single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs907092 (OR 0.71, p=1.2×10−12) atIKZF3. Similar to results in non-Puerto Ricans, SNPs in genes in the same linkage disequilibrium block asIKZF3(e.g. ZPBP2,ORMDL3andGSDMB) were significantly associated with asthma in Puerto Ricans. With regard to results from a meta-analysis in Europeans, we replicated findings for rs2305480 atGSDMB, but not for SNPs in any other genes. On the other hand, we replicated results from a meta-analysis of North American populations for SNPs atIL1RL1,TSLPandGSDMBbut not forIL33.Our findings suggest that common variants on chromosome 17q21 have the greatest effects on asthma in Puerto Ricans.
Defining asthma–COPD overlap syndrome: a population-based study
Authors: Bonten Tobias N. , Kasteleyn Marise J. , de Mutsert Renee , Hiemstra Pieter S. , Rosendaal Frits R. , Chavannes Niels H. , Slats Annelies M. , Taube Christian 
Published: May 2017

Asthma–chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap syndrome (ACOS) seems an important clinical phenotype, but multiple definitions have been proposed. This study's objectives were to assess the effect of different ACOS definitions on prevalence, patient characteristics and exacerbations.5675 individuals aged 45–65 years, with 846 asthma/COPD patients, were included in the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity study between 2008 and 2012, and followed-up for a median of 1.8 years. ACOS was defined by recent consensus criteria and five other definitions, based on registry, questionnaires and lung function.Prevalence of ACOS in the asthma/COPD population ranged between 4.4% and 38.3%, depending on the definition used. Agreement between registry-based and self-reported ACOS was 0.04 and 0.41 when lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) <0.7) was added. With registry or self-report defined ACOS, only 51% and 33% had FEV1/FVC <0.7. Patient characteristics were similar, but asthma duration was longer with self-reported compared with registry-based ACOS (mean difference 22 years (95% CI 12–33)). Exacerbation risk was highest with registry-based ACOS compared with asthma (adjusted incidence rate ratio 1.6 (95% CI 1.2–2.1)).This study adds important knowledge about agreement between ACOS definitions and their relation with exacerbations. Given the low agreement, differences in prevalence, patient characteristics and risk of exacerbations, consensus about ACOS definition in different care settings is urgently needed.
Differences between asthma–COPD overlap syndrome and adult-onset asthma
Authors: Tommola Minna , Ilmarinen Pinja , Tuomisto Leena E. , Lehtimäki Lauri , Haanpää Jussi , Niemelä Onni , Kankaanranta Hannu 
Published: May 2017

Differences between asthma–COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS) and adult-onset asthma are poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate these differences in a clinical cohort of patients with adult-onset asthma, as a part of the Seinäjoki Adult Asthma Study (SAAS).188 patients were diagnosed with adult-onset asthma and re-evaluated 12 years after diagnosis. They were divided into three groups based on smoking history and post bronchodilator spirometry values: 1) never- and ex-smokers with <10 smoked pack-years; 2) non-obstructive (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ≥0.7) patients with ≥10 pack-years; and 3) ACOS patients with ≥10 pack-years and FEV1/FVC <0.7.ACOS patients had lower diffusing capacity (DLCO/VA86% predictedversus98 or 96% predicted; p<0.001), higher blood neutrophil levels (4.50versus3.60 or 3.85×109L−1; p=0.008), and higher IL-6 levels (2.88versus1.52 or 2.10 pg·mL−1, p<0.001) as compared to never- and ex-smokers with <10 pack-years, or non-obstructive patients with ≥10 pack-years smoking history, respectively. ACOS patients also showed reduced lung function, higher remaining bronchial reversibility and a higher number of comorbidities.This study shows distinct differences in diffusing capacity, blood neutrophil and IL-6 levels, bronchial reversibility, lung function and comorbidities between ACOS and adult-onset asthma. The present findings should be considered in the comprehensive assessment of adult asthma patients.
Th-2 signature in chronic airway diseases: towards the extinction of asthma−COPD overlap syndrome?
Authors: Cosío Borja G. , Pérez de Llano Luis , Lopez Viña Antolin , Torrego Alfons , Lopez-Campos Jose Luis , Soriano Joan B. , Martinez Moragon Eva , Izquierdo Jose Luis , Bobolea Irina , Callejas Javier , Plaza Vicente , Miravitlles Marc , Soler-Catalunya Juan Jose 
Published: May 2017

We aimed to describe the differences and similarities between patients with chronic obstructive airway disease classified on the basis of classical diagnostic labels (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or asthma–COPD overlap (ACOS)) or according to the underlying inflammatory pattern (Th-2 signature, either Th-2-high or Th-2-low).We performed a cross-sectional study of patients aged ≥40 years and with a post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s to forced vital capacity ratio ≤0.7 with a previous diagnosis of asthma (non-smoking asthmatics (NSA)), COPD or ACOS, the latter including both smoking asthmatics (SA) and patients with eosinophilic COPD (COPD-e). Clinical, functional and inflammatory parameters (blood eosinophil count, IgE and exhaled nitric oxide fraction (FeNO)) were compared between groups. Th-2 signature was defined by a blood eosinophil count ≥300 cells·μL−1and/or a sputum eosinophil count ≥3%.Overall, 292 patients were included in the study: 89 with COPD, 94 NSA and 109 with ACOS (44 SA and 65 with COPD-e). No differences in symptoms or exacerbation rate were found between the three groups. With regards the underlying inflammatory pattern, 94 patients (32.2%) were characterised as Th-2-high and 198 (67.8%) as Th-2-low. The Th-2 signature was found in 49% of NSA, 3.3% of patients with COPD, 30% of SA and 49.3% of patients with COPD-e. This classification yielded significant differences in demographic, functional and inflammatory characteristics.We conclude that a classification based upon the inflammatory profile, irrespective of the taxonomy, provides a more clear distinction of patients with chronic obstructive airway disease.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Effect of catalpol on remyelination through experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis acting to promote Olig1 and Olig2 expressions in mice
Authors: Yang Tao , Zheng Qi , Wang Su , Fang Ling , Liu Lei , Zhao Hui , Wang Lei , Fan Yongping 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Background
Multiple sclerosis (MS) as an autoimmune disorder is a common disease occurring in central nervous system (CNS) and the remyelination plays a pivotal role in the alleviating neurological impairment in the MS. Catalpol, an effective component extracted from the Chinese herb Radix Rehmanniae, which has been proved protective in cerebral diseases.

Methods
To determine the protective effects and mechanisms of Catalpol on MS, the mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) were induced by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) 35–55, as a model for human MS. Th17 cells were counted by flow cytometric (FCM). The expressions of nerve-glial antigen (NG) 2 and myelin basic protein (MBP) were measured by immunohistochemical staining. Olig1+ and Olig2+/BrdU+ cells were counted by immunofluorescence. Olig1 and Olig2 gene expressions were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription (qRT) -PCR.

Results
The results showed that Catalpol improved neurological function, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and demyelination. It could decrease Th17 cells in the peripheral blood. It increased the protein expressions of NG2 and MBP in mice brains, up-regulated markedly protein and gene expressions of Olig1 and Olig2 in terms of timing, site and targets.

Conclusions
These data demonstrated that Catalpol had a strong neuroprotective effect on EAE mice. Catalpol also plays a role in remyelination by promoting the expressions of Olig1 and Olig2 transcription factors.
A qualitative evaluation of scalpel skill teaching of podiatry students
Authors: Causby Ryan S , McDonnell Michelle N , Reed Lloyd , Fryer Caroline E , Hillier Susan L 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundDegrees in health disciplines need a balance of theoretical knowledge and sufficient clinical practice to meet registration requirements, in particular those requiring specialist skills such as the use of scalpels and other small instruments, such as podiatry. However, despite this requirement there is a scarcity of literature and research to inform teaching of these particular manual clinical skills. Therefore, the aims of this study were to determine the current approaches being used to teach manual skills, in particular scalpel skills, in university podiatry programs in Australia and New Zealand, and to explore what issues, challenges and innovations exist.MethodsA qualitative study, consisting of semi‐structured interviews with staff at eight university podiatry programs in Australia and New Zealand was undertaken to determine how these skills are taught and evaluated, and how poor performers are managed. A conventional content analysis technique was used to analyse and code interview data, with the resultant categories reported.ResultsApproaches to teaching manual clinical skills, in particular scalpel skills, appear to be consistent between university programs in Australia and New Zealand in utilising didactic‐style content, demonstration, physical practice on inanimate objects and real skin, and often the use of supplementary audio‐visual material. The main reported differences between programs were in methods and processes of practice, with controversy regarding the use of inanimate objects versus real skin for practice.ConclusionsDespite a lack of research and literature surrounding this topic, the approach to teaching is relatively consistent between programs with greatest disparity being the structure and duration of practice. Key issues for teaching staff in teaching manual skills were students' clinical exposure, motivation, levels of anxiety and dexterity.
High-flow nasal cannula to prevent postextubation respiratory failure in high-risk non-hypercapnic patients: a randomized multicenter trial
Authors: Fernandez Rafael , Subira Carles , Frutos-Vivar Fernando , Rialp Gemma , Laborda Cesar , Masclans Joan Ramon , Lesmes Amanda , Panadero Luna , Hernandez Gonzalo 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Background
Extubation failure is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, but cannot be safely predicted or avoided. High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) prevents postextubation respiratory failure in low-risk patients.

Objective
To demonstrate that HFNC reduces postextubation respiratory failure in high-risk non-hypercapnic patients compared with conventional oxygen.

Methods
Randomized, controlled multicenter trial in patients who passed a spontaneous breathing trial. We enrolled patients meeting criteria for high-risk of failure to randomly receive HFNC or conventional oxygen for 24 h after extubation. Primary outcome was respiratory failure within 72-h postextubation. Secondary outcomes were reintubation, intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital lengths of stay, and mortality. Statistical analysis included multiple logistic regression models.

Results
The study was stopped due to low recruitment after 155 patients were enrolled (78 received high-flow and 77 received conventional oxygen). Groups were similar at enrollment, and all patients tolerated 24-h HFNC. Postextubation respiratory failure developed in 16 (20%) HFNC patients and in 21 (27%) conventional patients [OR 0.69 (0.31–1.54), p = 0.2]. Reintubation was needed in 9 (11%) HFNC patients and in 12 (16%) conventional patients [OR 0.71 (0.25–1.95), p = 0.5]. No difference was found in ICU or hospital length of stay, or mortality. Logistic regression models suggested HFNC [OR 0.43 (0.18–0.99), p = 0.04] and cancer [OR 2.87 (1.04–7.91), p = 0.04] may be independently associated with postextubation respiratory failure.

Conclusion
Our study is inconclusive as to a potential benefit of HFNC over conventional oxygen to prevent occurrence of respiratory failure in non-hypercapnic patients at high risk for extubation failure.
Registered at Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01820507.
Dress and sex: a review of empirical research involving human participants and published in refereed journals
Authors: Lennon Sharron J. , Adomaitis Alyssa Dana , Koo Jayoung , Johnson Kim K. P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractOur research purpose was to assess research addressing relationships between dress and sex. Our review was focused on a 25 years span (i.e., 1990–2015) and on empirical research utilizing human participants published in refereed journals. Three main areas of research emerged: (1) dress used as cue to sexual information, (2) dress and sexual violence, and (3) dress, sex, and objectification. Our analyses revealed parents do invest their young children with sex-typed dress however sometimes children demand to wear such dress. Some women intentionally use dress to communicate sexual information but inferences about women who wear sexy dress can be misinterpreted and are sometimes negative. Observers link wearing sexy dress to violence including sexual coercion, sexual harassment, sexual assault, and unwelcome groping, touching, and grabbing. Certain items of sexy dress that reveal the body have been linked to self-objectification. The fit of the items may also contribute to the body revealing nature of clothing styles that elicit self-objectification. The use of sexual images of women and children has increased over time and viewing such images is also linked to self- and other-objectification. Suggestions are provided for future research.