bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Improved YOLOv9 and Its Applications for Detecting Flexible Circuit Boards Connectors
Authors: Huang Gengjie , Huang Yinbing , Li Haoyang , Guan Ziwen , Li Xuecong , Zhang Guidong , Li Wendong , Zheng Xiran 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFlexible circuit boards are a cornerstone of the modern electronics industry. In automatic defect detection, FPC connectors present challenges such as minimal differences between oxidation defects and the background, easy degradation of Intersection over Union (IoU) scores, and significant variations in the shapes of black defect boundaries. Consequently, existing algorithms perform poorly in this task. We improve model YOLOv9 by introducing Multi-scale Dilated Attention (MSDA) on the output side to enhance the ability to capture features, and Deformable Large Kernel Attention (DLKA) on the other side of the output header to improve the ability to adapt to complex defect boundaries. Our use ofIoUloss completely eliminates the risk ofIoUdegradation or gradient vanishing. Furthermore, we reduce computational overhead with the implementation of Faster Block. Following these improvements, the mean Average Precision (mAP) at 75%IoU(mAP75) for oxidized defects increased by 7.5% relative to the base model. Similarly, the mAP at 50%IoU(mAP50) for black defects increased by 5.7%, validating the relevance and efficacy of our proposed improvements. Overall, the average mAP50, mAP75, and mAP50:95 for all defects improved by 3.8%, 2.0%, and 2.3%, respectively. The performance gain achieved by our enhanced model significantly exceeds the improvement of YOLOv9 relative to YOLOv8.
Birationally rigid Fano-Mori fibre spaces
Authors: Pukhlikov Aleksandr 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we prove the birational rigidity of Fano-Mori fibre spaces

$\pi \colon V\to S$

, every fibre of which is a Fano complete intersection of index 1 and codimension

$k\geqslant 3$

in the projective space

${\mathbb P}^{M+k}$

for M sufficiently high, satisfying certain natural conditions of general position, in the assumption that the fibre space

$V/S$

is sufficiently twisted over the base. The dimension of the base S is bounded from above by a constant, depending only on the dimension M of the fibre (as the dimension of the fibre M grows, this constant grows as

$\frac 12 M^2$

).
The global plastics treaty: understanding the present to guide the future
Authors: de Sousa Fabiula Danielli Bastos 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
To mitigate plastic pollution, Resolution 5/14 of the United Nations Environment Assembly established an Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) tasked with negotiating the Global Plastics Treaty, an ambitious treaty expected to take effect in 2025. This treaty’s success in effectively reducing plastic pollution will depend on the ongoing work of the committee and the existing literature. Herein, I review the literature on the Global Plastics Treaty based on a search of the Web of Science. The data were analyzed, mapped and discussed in depth. The literature indicates an interdisciplinary nature, where Environmental Sciences/Ecology and Government Law are the subject areas with the highest contribution. Plastic pollution is a prominent emerging trend and research topic. Notable gaps include the need for stronger connections among the various directions in the literature and limited collaboration among authors. This work may serve as a basis for other researchers aiming to enhance the literature on the Global Plastics Treaty.
Accelerator mass spectrometer facility for heritage radiocarbon dating at NRICH, Korea
Authors: Kong Min-Ji , Park Sujin , Kim Youngeun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn 2021, the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage (NRICH) installed a new accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS) to date Korean national heritage. Before conducting radiocarbon dating, the facility was set up and its performance was assessed. AMS system parameters have been optimized. Measurement of standard and blank samples was verified. Intercomparison analyses were also performed using heritage samples. The F14C value of NIST 4990C was 1.3406 and the background level was 0.0024. Both IAEA-C7 and C8 were confirmed to match the reference value within the 1-σ range. The NIST 4990C measurement results confirmed high precision and accuracy, with 1-σ values below 2‰. In the intercomparison, the error for each sample was 2‰. Thus, based on this study, NRICH plans to launch a dating service specializing in cultural heritage.
The Global Enclosure and the Remaking of Peasantries, 1870–1950
Authors: Vanhaute Eric , Bernardi Claudia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPeasant transformation has often been framed in dichotomous, linear, and predominantly a-historical models. This article adopts a dynamic perspective and shows how the developments that have often been regarded as constituent to the long-term process of the decline of agriculture and peasant worlds were in fact part of the spread of more diversified labour and income strategies of the peasantries. In the movement towards a worldwide enclosure of the rural worlds after 1870, a global peasantry emerged through a wide range of regional trajectories and narratives. By the first half of the twentieth century, peasant households all over the world had become heavily involved in the capitalist market economy. In this article, we argue that the (re)creation of peasantries as a social group is part of a diverse complex of reciprocal exchanges, regional and extra-regional market transactions, actions of public forces, and social conflict. Also we stress that social class formation should be understood in its specific world-historical co-ordinates using a particular set of transhistorical concepts like (re)peasantization, peasant frontiers, and peasant regimes.
Density and Differentiation: Cities in Global Social History
Authors: Goebel Michael 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe present article examines the particular role that cities have played, and should play, in global social history. It notes that many of the historiographical discussions that in the past years have addressed the reach and limits of the bourgeoisie and the middle class as a globalized social formation have implicitly focused on cities. It also notes that these discussions have often not been very forthcoming in explicitly acknowledging this urban focus. From this starting point, the present article ponders the implications and ramifications of making this focus more explicit. What do we conclude from the observation that the ‘global bourgeoisie’ or the ‘global middle class’, inasmuch as they existed at all, were quintessentially urban formations? And what do these conclusions, conversely, entail for the field of urban history? Highlighting density and differentiation as key traits of the urban form, the article ultimately argues for greater attention to the spatiality and to the built environment of class formation in global history.
Banditry in Global Social History
Authors: Fuoli Francesca 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEric Hobsbawm argued that banditry was an archaic and pre-political phenomenon that emerged simultaneously and with striking intensity in different regions around the world during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. While it has often been seen as marginal in global histories, banditry provides an essential gateway to the study of modern history from a global perspective. Drawing on different regional case studies, this article approaches the similarities and connections that ran through different instances of banditry in terms of their inclusion within the global dynamics of imperial expansion, capitalism, and the developing notions of territoriality and sovereignty. It argues that the ubiquitous presence of banditry in this period was propelled by the deep-running changes to local relations of class, economy, and power that resulted from these accelerating global dynamics. Bandits emerged as the expression of rural communities in all their complexity and were able to negotiate their place within the rapidly evolving societies of this period. Far from being victims, bandits were key agents who navigated change, adaptation, and resistance in the modern world. In this sense, banditry was a powerful expression of the different ways in which rural communities interacted, negotiated, and clashed with the global.
A Man for All Seasons: Mosaddeq's Image and Legacy in Contemporary Iran
Authors: Hendelman-Baavur Liora 
Published: October 2024

The unwavering commitment of the people to the leadership of the Islamic Revolution, coupled with the willingness of political elites to demonstrate selflessness and sacrifice, can effectively thwart any potential colonial ambitions that might once again threaten the nation. The historical backdrop of the 28 Mordad coup (August 19) serves as a valuable lesson for the years to come in our country. Much like how colonialists were defeated during the uprisings of the 30 Tir (July 21), the 25 Mordad (16 August), and the events of the autumn of 2022, this legacy of resistance and resilience can endure into the future.If seventy years ago, foreigners orchestrated the tragic coup on the 28 Mordad 1332 (August 19, 1953) against the Iranian people, today, the rulers of Iran have instigated a new coup against the happiness and rightful demands of the people. . . . Do the rulers not learn from the consequences of the 28 Mordad coup, which resulted in the 1979 Revolution?
The seventieth anniversary of the 1953 coup d’état that toppled the government of Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddeq prompted a moment of reflection in Iran, shedding light on a pivotal chapter in the country's modern history. The two quotations presented above, each in its distinctive way, invoke the profound and enduring consequences of those tumultuous years while drawing pertinent connections to contemporary circumstances. They establish a link between the fateful events leading to the coup and the 2022 surge of civil unrest and waves of protests under the slogan Women, Life, Freedom (Zan, Zendegi, Azadi), sparked by the tragic death of Jina Mahsa Amini in police custody that September after she was arrested for violating the Islamic Republic's dress code. Each quotation reflects a continuity of collective memory and the use of historical narratives to shape current perspectives.
Clinical efficacy of tobramycin dexamethasone eye ointment combined with a catheter in endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: Hu Hailin , Bi Xiaoping , Li Yimin , Wang Junfang , Shi Wodong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the clinical efficacy of tobramycin dexamethasone eye ointment combined with a catheter in endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy.

Methods
Eighty chronic dacryocystitis patients were randomly divided into two groups: observation (n = 39) and control (n = 41). Both groups underwent endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. The observation group used tobramycin dexamethasone eye ointment and catheter support, while the control group used only the eye ointment.

Results
No statistical differences were found in gender, age, disease course or eye type. However, the anastomotic formation time and bleeding amount were significantly different between the two groups (p < 0.001). After six months of follow up, there were no significant complications differences (p > 0.05). The fluorescein disappearance test time in the observation group was significantly shorter (p < 0.001), and the clinical effective rate was significantly higher (97.4 per cent vs 78 per cent, p < 0.05) in the observation group.

Conclusion
Using tobramycin dexamethasone eye ointment combined with a catheter slightly prolongs the operation time and increases bleeding, but promotes anastomotic healing, accelerates tear drainage, improves the operation success rate and is economically efficient.
The many faces of natural theology: Diverse projects, distinct roles, and the pursuit of clarity
Authors: Baker-Hytch Max , Mallary Mitchell D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe term ‘natural theology’ provokes a variety of reactions, spanning from whole-hearted endorsement to passionate rejection. Charged as it is with polemical and pejorative undertones, this debate begs for an intervention. If the scholarly community is to engage constructively with the concept and practice of natural theology – either by way of acceptance, rejection, or something in between – clarity in its definition and identification is imperative. The aim of this paper is to try to shed some light on three of the most common definitions of ‘natural theology’ in contemporary scholarship, to provide clarity about the ways in which they differ, and to propose some conceptual refinements in the hope that, if adopted, more fruitful discourse may take place in relation to this much-debated and interdisciplinary phrase.
Semantic feature salience matters: new values of significance and relative weight for the Spanish feature norms for young and older adults
Authors: Vivas Leticia , Yerro Avincetto Matías , Romanelli Sofía , Lizarralde Francisco , Vivas Jorge Ricardo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo determine the semantic importance of certain features has been a topic of interest for many semantic memory models. Diverse measures have been proposed in the last years. Semantic significance, the latest measure proposed by Montefinese and colleagues, is both sophisticated and comprehensive. Given the cultural and linguistic variability of semantic measures, this study presents values of significance and relative weight for the Spanish-speaking population corresponding to 400 concrete concepts. First, we presented data for both young and older adults. Second, we assessed the effect of significance on response times in two speeded feature verification tasks. Third, we compared significance values with the existing Italian significance norms. To evaluate the effect of significance to predict response times, two speeded verification tasks (Experiment 1 and 2) were carried out, selecting a total of a 130 concepts for analysis. In Experiment 1, subjects were presented with a feature followed by a concept, while in Experiment 2, the order of stimulus presentation was reversed (i.e., the concept was presented before the feature). An independent linear mixed model showed that significance was a good predictor of response latencies in Experiments 1 and 2. Moreover, results revealed a strong positive correlation between the Spanish and Italian significance values. Findings are discussed in terms of recent theories of semantic cognition.
Dietary pattern transition and its nutrient intakes and diet quality among Japanese population: results from the 2003–2019 National Survey
Authors: Sakai Yui , Rahayu Yen Yen Sally , Zhao Yajie , Araki Tetsuya 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective:
While many Asian countries undergo dietary transitions, little is known about Japan’s dietary pattern changes and their impact on nutritional intake. We aimed to examine 17-year trends in dietary patterns and nutrient intakes in Japan.

Design:
Principal component analysis was used to derive dietary patterns. The nutrient intake of subjects with principal component scores in the highest quartiles of each dietary pattern was assessed using the NRF9·3, which is a scale that evaluates the entire diet in terms of nutrient density.

Setting:
Japan.

Participants:
We used data from the National Survey 2003–2019 (67 066 women, 55 133 men).

Results:
Two common dietary patterns were identified in both sexes: the ‘Japanese style’ and the ‘bread and dairy’ pattern. Additionally, two other patterns: ‘meat and oil’ and ‘noodles’, were pronounced in men. Over the 17 years, the scores of the ‘Japanese style’ pattern decreased while the ‘meat and oil’ and the ‘bread and dairy’ patterns increased. The nutrition assessment result showed that the highest quartiles of the ‘Japanese style’ pattern had higher NRF scores (women: 716·0, men: 670·5) (P < 0·001), whereas those of the ‘bread and dairy’ pattern had a lower score (636·9 in women, 661·2 in men) (P < 0·001).

Conclusions:
Trend analysis in this study suggests the ongoing Westernisation of diet in Japan. A decreasing trend of the dietary pattern with the most preferable nutrient profile (i.e. the ‘Japanese style’) might indicate a potential decrease in beneficial nutrient intake and, thus, a deterioration of the nutritional status of the Japanese population.
Procedural fairness to recalibrate the power imbalance in health decision-making: comment on the report: ‘Open and inclusive: Fair processes for financing universal health coverage’
Authors: Rajan Dheepa , Rouffy-Ly Benjamin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The policy-making process for health financing in most places lacks equity, failing to adequately consider the voices of ordinary citizens, residents, and especially those facing significant disadvantage. Procedural fairness is about addressing this imbalance, which requires a recalibration of power dynamics, ensuring that decision-making incorporates a more diverse range of perspectives. In this comment, we highlight the important contributions made by the report ‘Open and inclusive: Fair processes for financing universal health coverage’ in furthering the understanding and importance of procedural fairness in health financing decision-making especially as it relates to the three sub-functions of financing – revenue raising, pooling, and purchasing. We also argue for the importance of conceptual clarity – especially as to the added value of procedural fairness vis-à-vis accountability – and critically review the proposed framework for procedural fairness, emphasising the role of voice as the linchpin to advancing equity in influence.
Land and Atmospheric Drivers of the 2023 Flood in India
Authors: Kushwaha Anuj Prakash , Solanki Hiren , Vegad Urmin , Mahto Shanti Shwarup , Mishra Vimal 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFloods in India are recurring natural disasters resulting from extreme precipitation during the summer monsoon season (June–September). The recent flood in North India in July 2023 caused substantial damage to lives, agriculture, and infrastructure. However, what led to the 2023 North India flood and the role of atmospheric and land drivers still need to be examined. Using in situ observations, satellite data, and ERA5 reanalysis combined with hydrological and hydrodynamical modeling, we examine the role of land and atmospheric drivers in flood occurrence and its impacts. Extreme precipitation in a large region during 7–10 July 2023 created favorable conditions for the flood in the hilly terrains and plains of north India. More than 300 mm of precipitation fell in just 4 days, which was eight times higher than the long‐term average (2001–2022). Anomalously high moisture transport over northern India was recorded on 7 July 2023, making atmospheric conditions favorable for intense landfall. Increased column water vapor and specific humidity at different pressure levels confirmed the continuous moisture presence before the extreme rainfall that caused floods in northern India from 7 to 12 July 2023. Atmospheric and land (high antecedent soil moisture) conditions contributed to a more than 200% rise in streamflow at several gauge stations. Satellite‐based flood extent shows a considerable flood inundation that caused damage in the Sutlej and Yamuna River basins. Our findings highlight the crucial role of the favorable land and atmospheric conditions that caused floods and flash floods in north India in July 2023.
Role of Initial Conditions and Meteorological Drought in Soil Moisture Drought Propagation: An Event‐Based Causal Analysis Over South Asia
Authors: Gupta Amitesh , Karthikeyan L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe role of meteorological droughts and initial conditions (land and atmosphere) in soil moisture drought (SMD) propagation are not yet fully understood. This work uses a drought event‐based causal framework to investigate the relative importance of meteorological drought (MD) duration and intensity and initial conditions that result in surface and rootzone SMD, considering their event‐level propagation time (PT) over South Asia. Initially, spatial variability of drought propagation is assessed by the Propagation Ratio (PR) computed based on MD counts that trigger SMD at various lags. PR depicts 2–3 months slower rootzone propagation than at surface. The gradual decrease in PR with increasing regional aridity indicates faster propagation over humid regions. The causal impact of initial conditions and MD parameters on propagating SMD are evaluated using normalized mutual information and a newly proposed normalized conditional mutual information. We found greater importance of triggering MD parameters followed by initial soil moisture condition on propagating SMD. This behavior is more evident for the surface layer propagation at shorter PT. There is a confounding effect of initial atmospheric conditions on drought propagation through initial soil moisture, depicting the significance of land‐atmosphere interactions prior to propagation. In the rootzone propagation, initial soil moisture has a greater influence on propagation, especially at longer PT, indicating the significance of soil moisture persistence. Stronger causal links obtained through the joint influence of MD parameters on SMD suggest the importance of accounting for MD duration and intensity simultaneously, which are not considered in drought index‐based propagation studies.
Ultra-compact dual-channel integrated CO2 infrared gas sensor
Authors: Feng Liyang , Liu Yanxiang , Wang Yi , Zhou Hong , Lu Zhongming , Li Tie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractExpiratory CO2 concentrations can directly reflect human physiological conditions, and their detection is highly important in the treatment and rehabilitation of critically ill patients. Existing respiratory gas analyzers suffer from large sizes and high power consumption due to the limitations of the internal CO2 sensors, which prevent them from being wearable to track active people. The internal and external interference and sensitivity limitations must be overcome to realize wearable respiratory monitoring applications for CO2 sensors. In this work, an ultra-compact CO2 sensor was developed by integrating a microelectromechanical system emitter and thermopile detectors with an optical gas chamber; the power consumption of the light source and ambient temperature of the thermally sensitive devices were reduced by heat transfer control; the time to reach stabilization of the sensor was shortened; the humidity resistance of the sensor was improved by a dual-channel design; the light loss of the sensor was compensated by improving the optical coupling efficiency, which was combined with the amplitude trimming network to equivalently improve the sensitivity of the sensor. The minimum size of the developed sensor was 12 mm × 6 mm × 4 mm, and the reading error was <4% of the reading from −20 °C to 50 °C. The minimum power consumption of the sensor was ~33 mW, and the response time and recovery time were 10 s (@1 Hz), and the sensor had good humidity resistance, stability, and repeatability. These results indicate that the CO2 sensor developed using this strategy has great potential for wearable respiratory monitoring applications.