bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in growth of Canadian children compared to the WHO 2006 Child Growth Standards
Authors: Park Alison L. , Tu Karen , Ray Joel G. ,   the Canadian Curves Consortium
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate if there are departures from the WHO Child Growth Standards (WHO‐CGS) in postnatal growth of healthy ‘Canadian’ children in Ontario up to age 2 years, including by infant feeding and ethnicity.MethodsWe included data on 9964 healthy, singleton children born in Ontario, Canada. Smoothed weight, length and body mass index (BMI) percentile curves were generated using quantile regression for the Canadian cohort from birth to age 2 years. Differences in percentile values were calculated comparing Canadian children vs. the WHO‐CGS.ResultsCanadian children under age 2 years were longer than the WHO‐CGS at the 10th (0.8 cm), 50th (1.3 cm) and 90th (1.9 cm) percentiles. Canadian children incrementally surpassed the WHO‐CGS in weight after age 6 months, and in BMI after 9 months. By age 2 years, the 50th percentile weight of Canadian males was 823 g (95% confidence interval (CI) 680, 965) higher than the WHO‐CGS 50th percentile. Weight differences were seen regardless of feeding practice, and were greatest among children of mothers born in Canada and Europe/Western nations, and least for those of East Asian/Pacific or South Asian heritage. Among Canadian breastfed males, 18% (95% CI 16, 19) of newborns and 26% (95% CI 20, 33) toddlers aged 2 years were classified by WHO‐CGS as weighing >90th percentile – much higher than the expected rate of 10%. Similarities were seen for differences in BMI.ConclusionsHealthy Canadian infants/toddlers are longer and heavier than the WHO‐CGS norms. Explanations for these discrepancies require further elucidation.
Start‐up Communities as Communities of Practice: Shining a Light on Geographical Scale and Membership
Authors: van Weele Marijn A. , Steinz Henk J. , van Rijnsoever Frank J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe development of start‐up communities is seen as critical to the successful development of entrepreneurship in a region. However, it remains unclear what exactly start‐up communities are and how they can be facilitated. Ambiguity concerning the geographical scale and membership of start‐up communities leads to different conceptualisations. In this paper, we apply communities of practice (CoP) theory to understand how conceptualisations of start‐up communities work and how they can be facilitated. To this end, we qualitatively study start‐up communities in Sydney, Melbourne and Canberra, Australia. Our results show that start‐up communities that are confined to a particular workspace strongly resemble a CoP. Furthermore, many elements of CoPs can also be found in regional start‐up communities. Finally, we find that workspace communities have more direct and top‐down facilitation activities, while regional start‐up communities have more indirect and bottom‐up facilitation activities.
Geometric aspects of representation theory for DG algebras: answering a question of Vasconcelos
Authors: Nasseh Saeed , Sather‐Wagstaff Keri Ann 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe apply geometric techniques from representation theory to the study of homologically finite differential graded (DG) modules over a finite dimensional, positively graded, commutative DG algebra . In particular, in this setting we prove a version of a theorem of Voigt by exhibiting an isomorphism between the Yoneda Ext group and a quotient of tangent spaces coming from an algebraic group action on an algebraic variety. As an application, we answer a question of Vasconcelos from 1974 by showing that a local ring has only finitely many semidualizing complexes up to shift‐isomorphism in the derived category .
Influence of heat treatment on hole transfer dynamics in core-shell quantum dot/organic hole conductor hybrid films
Authors: Sun Mingye , Zheng Youjin , Zhang Lei , Zhao Liping , Zhang Bing 
Published: July 2017

The influence of heat treatment on hole transfer (HT) processes from the CdSe/ZnS and CdSe/CdS/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) to 4,4[Formula: see text],4[Formula: see text]-Tris(carbazol-9-yl)-triphenylamine (TCTA) in QD/TCTA hybrid films has been researched with time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The PL dynamic results demonstrated a heat-treatment-temperature-dependent HT process from the core-shell CdSe QDs to TCTA. The HT rates and efficiencies can be effectively increased due to reduced distance between core-shell CdSe QDs and TCTA after heat treatment. The CdS shell exhibited a more obvious effect on HT from the core-shell CdSe QDs to TCTA than on electron transfer to TiO2, due to higher barrier for holes to tunnel through CdS shell and larger effective mass of holes in CdS than electrons. These results indicate that heat treatment would be an effective means to further optimize solid-state QD sensitized solar cells and rational design of CdS shell is significant.
A Note on the Relationship of the Kuder Preference Record Scales to College Marks, Scholastic Aptitude and Other Variables
Authors: Phillips W. S. , Osborne R. T. 
Published: July 2017

Test results and scholastic records of over 400 University of Georgia male students were analyzed by level of scholastic aptitude, college marks, occupational preference and academic adjustment. Results of this preliminary study seem to justify the following conclusions: 1. Students in the School of Business Administration seem to have characteristic occupational interest profiles on the Kuder Preference Record. Business Administration students, whether selected at random from the University student body or selected from the list of probation and excluded students, scored significantly higher on the Persuasive, Computational, and Clerical scales of the Kuder Preference Record than do non-Business Administration students. 2. The present data show no significant relationship between the several Kuder Preference Record scales and weighted grade; i.e., for the subjects of this study, college marks could not be accurately predicted from scores on the Kuder Preference Record. 3. A slight positive relationship was found between scores on the Literary scale of the Kuder Preference Record and scholastic aptitude, while Social Service, Mechanical and Computational scores seem to show low but negative relationship to scholastic aptitude. 4. Kuder Preference Record scores for students on scholastic probation do not differ significantly from scores made by students not on probation. Numerically, the mean percentiles of non-probation students are higher than those of probation students in Business Administration on those sub-tests that are typically high for students of this school. That the difference is not statistically significant makes additional comment largely speculative. There is, however, sufficient intimation that “highness” on these typically high sub-scores may relate to factors underlying successful work in this school so as to warrant more extensive study.
A Special Science Program for Gifted Elementary School Children
Authors: Wiszowaty Kenneth W. 
Published: July 2017

EDITORIAL NOTE: This unique program employing the talents of a science teacher could effectively be worked out with similar anticipated success in almost any other subject matter area. In the final analysis, there is nothing to beat a one to one ratio of one superior teacher to one pupil relationship. In order to provide a more vivid picture of the setting in which this unusual science program takes place, Dr. Elkin was asked to supply a little more background information about the school. His response follows. The Rogers School has an enrollment of just over one thousand and 25% of this enrollment have I.Q.'s of 120 and above. Mr. Wiszowaty is a regularly assigned teacher, paid from Board of Education funds, but does not have a class of his own. He devotes full-time to conferences with pupils on special science projects, and these children are excused from their regular classes to report to his laboratory in our school building. They also come in before school and during recess and lunch periods for additional work on their projects.
On the Complex Regulating the Voiced-Voiceless Distinction I
Authors: Slis I.H. , Cohen A. 
Published: July 2017

An investigation is described of the perceptual and acoustical differences between voiceless and voiced consonants in Dutch. The experiments reported included synthesized, normal and whispered speech. The results are compared with those found in the literature for other languages. Parallels between the results of the various investigations could be established, although quantitative differences apply to different languages. It is shown that a number of perceptual and acoustical cues are present, such as: sound intensity and duration of fricative noise, duration of the consonant and duration of the preceding vowel, voicing and the moment of voice onset, intonation pattern and amplitude as well as duration and frequency range of the formant transitions of the adjoining vowels. To establish a connection between these parameters an articulatory model of the difference voiced-voiceless is proposed. Essential features in the construction of this model are the observed acoustical symptoms and physiological data as reported in the literature. The model is based on the assumption that the difference voiced-voiceless is due to the presence or absence of activity of the pharyngeal constrictor muscle. This muscle influences the volume of the pharynx and the position of the larynx, and consequently the pressure drop across the glottis and the vibration condition of the vocal cords.
Development of a Semi-Empinical Method for Obtaining the Dynamic Young's Modulus in Random Continuous Reinforced Glass/Epoxy Composites
Authors: Okoli O. I. , Smith G. F. 
Published: July 2017

Due to the inherent inertial effects associated with high speed testing, it may be beneficial if material properties at high strain rates could be obtained from the use of micro-mechanics. However, it has been demonstrated that using the rule of mixtures to predict material properties at high strain rates results in errors since the rate sensitivity of the Young's modulus and tensile strength cannot be explained solely in terms of the rate dependence of the resin modulus and strength (respectively) measure in isolation. A number of equations for predicting the in-plane material properties of random continuous reinforced polymer composites have been suggested in the available literature using empirically evaluated correction factors. The use of such factors in the determination of dynamic properties have, however, led to significant errors. It is therefore imperative that a method of obtaining high speed material properties of composite laminates must be sought since micro-mechanics equations have not been found suitable. This was set as the primary aim of this research work in obtaining accurate material data. In addition, the understanding of the mechanisms governing failure under high speed loadings remain largely unknown. This prompted the need to characterise the effect of loading rate on failure modes. Tensile tests were conducted on random continuous glass/epoxy composites at increasing rates of strain. The effect of loading rate on failure mechanisms was investigated by viewing fractured surfaces of the tensile specimens using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). This work postulated a semi-empirical relationship for the tensile modulus using micro-mechanics and data from tests conducted. The validity of this relationship however, needs to be investigated further in future work.
Imiquimod Therapy for Molluscum Contagiosum
Authors: Liota Elizabeth , Smith Kathleen J. , Buckley Ronald , Menon Padmen , Skelton Henry 
Published: July 2017

Background: Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) is a large double-stranded DNA virus that is a member of the family Poxviridae, and which has a worldwide distribution. As with other poxviruses, MCV does not appear to develop latency but evades the immune system through the production of viral specific proteins. Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of imiquimod 5% cream for MCV. Methods: Thirteen children >5 and <10 years old, 19 immune-competent adults and four adults with advanced, but stable HIV-1 disease with >10 MCV lesions were treated with topical 5% imiquimod cream three times weekly for up to 16 weeks. Results: Fourteen of 19 immune-competent adults, four of four adults with HIV-1 disease, and six of 13 children had resolution of their MCV lesions in <16 weeks of imiquimod therapy. Children tended to have more pruritus and inflammatory reactions with imiquimod, although most treated lesions appeared to respond. The development of new MCV lesions resulted in a lower overall resolution of the lesions in children. Imiquimod appeared to be the most efficacious in patients with HIV-1 disease and in the genital area in immune-competent adults. Conclusion: Although topical imiquimod appears to have some efficacy in the therapy of MCV, in children the pruritus correlated relatively well with the development of new lesions. In adults, areas that would be expected to have better penetration appeared to respond more consistently. Although the HIV-1-positive patients had the largest clinical lesions at the onset of therapy, as a group they had the best overall response to therapy.
John Updike on Psoriasis: At War with My Skin, from the Journal of a Leper
Authors: Jackson Robert 
Published: July 2017

Background: In recent years patients have become more involved in the impact, description, diagnosis, and management of their own disease. Objective: This article will briefly record the personal observations of John Updike, a highly regarded, perceptive twentieth-century American writer, on how moderately severe psoriasis has affected his life and also his thoughts about his disease and its treatment. Conclusion: Updike's description of his psoriasis gives a valid insight into a patient's view of psoriasis.
Effects of Benzoyl Peroxide on Lipogenesis in Sebaceous Glands Using an Animal Model
Authors: Burkhart Craig G. , Butcher Cynthia , Burkhart Craig N. , Lehmann Paul 
Published: July 2017

Background: Benzoyl peroxide is the most widely used topical agent for acne since the 1960s. Concomitant treatment of benzoyl peroxide with oral, or topical antibiotics diminishes the multiplication of antibiotic-resistant strains of Propionibacteria acnes. Besides being antibacterial, the chemical also functions as a peeling agent, has comedolytic activity, reduces free fatty acid levels, and is touted to be sebosuppressive. Objective: The purpose was to determine the ability of topically applied benzoyl peroxide to suppress lipogenesis of the sebaceous glands. Methods: The data were obtained employing an animal model for human sebaceous glands, namely, the flank organs of female golden Syrian hamsters. Results: Our results reveal no inhibition of lipogenesis in sebaceous glands by topical application of benzoyl peroxide. Conclusion: Despite many functions beneficial in acne therapy, benzoyl peroxide does not possess sebosuppressive capabilities. With the advent of water-soluble organic peroxides revealing similar antimicrobial activity to benzoyl peroxide, all therapeutic parameters (save for sebosup-pression) will need to be assessed to weigh the benefits of these second-generation acne-fighting peroxides.
Hypopigmented Mycosis Fungoides: Case Reports and Literature Review
Authors: Qari Mohammed S. , Li Ning , Demierre Marie-France 
Published: July 2017

Background: Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides is a rare variant of mycosis fungoides (MF) that usually has a predilection for young individuals with dark complexion. Objective: The aim is to describe new cases of hypopigmented MF with confirmed T-cell receptor gene rearrangement analysis. Methods: This article includes case reports and a literature review. Results: Three out of four hypopigmented MF patients had a positive TCR gene rearrangement. A fifth patient is reported who had hypopigmented mycosis fungoides and classical Pautrier microabscesses, for whom no TCR gene rearrangement analysis was performed. Conclusion: Although hypopigmented MF has a predilection for dark-complexioned populations, it can also affect Caucasian patients. In challenging cases, polymerase chain reaction can be a useful method for detecting early cases of hypopigmented MF.
Arthropod Bites Manifesting as Recurrent Bullae in a Patient with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Blum Robin R. , Phelps Robert G. , Wei Huachen 
Published: July 2017

Background: We report a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) that developed recurrent vesicobullous lesions that histologically demonstrated features of an exaggerated response to an arthropod bite. Objective: Patients with CLL can present with many cutaneous manifestations, including specific and nonspecific lesions. Although rare, patients with CLL can develop an exaggerated response to an arthropod bite. Conclusion: Emphasis needs to be placed on the clinical recognition of arthropod bites as an unusual cutaneous manifestation of CLL, as they provide the physician with both a diagnostic and a therapeutic challenge. Patients often deny being bitten and, thus, the biopsy results conflict with the patient's history. Additionally, as there is no specific treatment, both the patient and physician are faced with a similar dilemma. Although our patient initially responded well to corticosteroids, his lesions significantly improved while being treated with dapsone.
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis of the Scalp following Anticonvulsant Use and Cranial Irradiation
Authors: Trent Jennifer T. , Bowes Leyda E. , Romanelli Paolo , Kerdel Francisco A. 
Published: July 2017

Background: Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) of the scalp is rare but it has been shown to occur in patients who had been given a combination of cranial radiation and anticonvulsant therapies. Objective: We present a 62-year-old man who received cranial irradiation following craniotomy for glioblastoma multiforme. After he was prescribed the anticonvulsant phenytoin for postsurgical seizure prophylaxis, the patient developed TEN which began on the scalp before spreading to involve other parts of his body. Our second case was a 55-year-old woman who had been diagnosed with lung carcinoma with metastasis to the brain. She was treated with cranial irradiation and the anticonvulsant carbamazepine. TEN developed first on the scalp and then became generalized. Conclusions: While the combination of radiation and anticonvulsants leads to an increased risk of developing TEN, cranial irradiation appears to be the localizing factor in the development of TEN of the scalp.
Arachidonic Acid-Derived Bioactive Lipids: Their Role and the Role for Their Inhibitors in Dermatology
Authors: Smith Kathleen J. , Skelton Henry 
Published: July 2017

Background: In addition to corticosteroids, there are increasing numbers of anti-inflammatory agents that specifically target bioactive lipids generated from arachidonic acid. Knowledge of the diverse mechanisms of action of these different bioactive lipids holds promise in the therapy of a wide spectrum of cutaneous and systemic disorders. Objective: Therapeutic manipulations of these lipid molecules through inhibition, stimulation, or direct replacement have broad physiologic effects. These therapeutic strategies not only modulate inflammation, pain, and hemostatic parameters, they also play a role in cardiac, respiratory, renal, and gastrointestinal function and disease, as well as in angiogenesis and in factors that control cell growth and apoptosis important in carcinogenesis. Conclusion: Newer drug discovery methods, including combinatorial chemistry with molecular modeling, have made it possible to develop inhibitors and analogs with increasing specificity and bioactivity and decreasing toxicity. Although the application of these analogs and inhibitors for cutaneous disease is limited today, either as primary agents or adjuvant therapy, these drugs will have a place in our therapeutic regimes of the future. We present a review of the therapeutic agents now available from manipulation of these bioactive lipids, and their role and future in dermatology.
Use of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) in the Treatment of Dermatologic Disorders
Authors: Gupta Madhulika A. , Gupta Aditya K. 
Published: July 2017

Background: The use of psychological therapies in dermatology is being increasingly recognized because stress and negative emotions are major factors in a wide range of dermatologic disorders. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a relatively new psychological intervention which was first described to be effective in post-traumatic stress disorder, a condition associated with extremely stressful life situations. Objective: We evaluated the efficacy of EMDR in primary dermatologic disorders where psychological stress plays an important part in the pathogenesis of the disorder, and in clinical situations where the dermatologic symptom is the feature of a stress-related psychiatric disorder. Methods: Four patients (two patients with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, respectively, whose symptoms were exacerbated by stress, one patient with acne excoríee associated with body image pathology as a result of childhood emotional abuse, and one patient with generalized urticaria associated with post-traumatic stress disorder) were treated using the standard EMDR protocol with 3–6 sessions for a period ranging from 4 to 12 weeks, and followed up for 6–12 months after the end of EMDR therapy. Results: All 4 patients experienced a marked improvement in their symptoms after 3–6 sessions of EMDR, within a period of ⩽3 months, and maintained improvement during followup periods of 6–12 months. Conclusion: Our preliminary findings suggest that EMDR may be beneficial in the treatment of a wide range of stress-mediated dermatologic symptoms.
Paraneoplastic Pemphigus: A Refractory Autoimmune Mucocutaneous Disease
Authors: Ng Patricia P.L. , Rencic Adrienne , Nousari H. Carlos 
Published: July 2017

Background and Objective: We report on a 42-year-old man with Stage IIA non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who developed a severe mucocutaneous blistering eruption. His diagnosis, paraneoplastic pemphigus, was based on clinical, histological, and immunofluorescence findings and confirmed by immunoprecipitation. Despite maximal therapy with plasmapheresis, corticosteroids, and mycophenolate mofetil and the subsequent addition of cyclophosphamide and cyclosporine, the condition was fatal. Conclusion: This case illustrates the refractory nature of this disease and the inadequacy of existing therapies.
Olmsted Syndrome—Palmoplantar and Periorificial Keratodermas: Association with Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Dessureault Josee , Poulin Yves , Bourcier Marc , Gagne Eric 
Published: July 2017

Background: Olmsted syndrome is a rare congenital disorder with mutilating palmoplantar keratoderma, periorificial keratotic plaques, and other variable features. Objective: We describe a 65-year-old woman with Olmsted syndrome complicated by the occurrence of a malignant melanoma inside the plantar keratoderma. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of such an occurrence in Olmsted syndrome. The published cases of this rare disorder are reviewed. Conclusion: An association between malignant epithelial tumors and Olmsted syndrome has already been reported. The association of malignant melanoma with other types of palmoplantar keratodermas has been reported. This may suggest a predisposition to melanocytic as well as squamous cell malignancies in congenital keratodermas. Oral retinoids appear to be the most promising treatment for Olmsted syndrome and for other symptomatic keratodermas.