bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PRODUÇÃO DE ENZIMAS HIDROLÍTICAS PELO FUNGO ENDOFÍTICO Penicillium sp. ISOLADO DAS FOLHAS DE Ricinus communis L
Authors: Rodrigues Maria Luiza Fernandes , Da Silva Edson Antonio , Broba Carlos Eduardo , Oliveira Anne Caroline Defranceschi , Kruger Cíntia , Raimundo Rafaella Wandscheer , Silva Leonardo Pefranjo , Rodriques Monique Luiza Fernandes , Stuani Bruna Thais 
Published: July 2016

A aplicação de lipases fúngicas, produzidas por Fermentação no Estado Sólido (FES), nos processos industriais tem despertado interesse, por ser um processo relativamente fácil, de baixo custo e fácil obtenção e purificação do produto. Neste trabalho foram isolados os fungos endofíticos das folhas da mamona (Ricinus communis L., Euphorbiaceae). Os fungos endofíticos foram inicialmente inoculados em meio Ágar batata dextrose (BDA) contendo o antibiótico cloranfenicol (250 mg/L) e incubados a 28°C por 15 dias. Através de cultivo em meio BDA, contendo rodamina B, óleo de oliva e sais minerais, foi selecionada a linhagem produtora de lipase, sendo identificada como Penicillium sp., e mantida em meio sólido de Ágar BDA. Foi realizada a produção de lipases fúngicas por FES, utilizando-se como substratos, as sementes com alto valor lipídico, como gergelim (Sesamum indicum), girassol (Helianthus annus) e linhaça (Linum usitatissimum L.). Para a FES, foi utilizado o meio BDA contendo cloranfenicol em erlenmeyer. A FES foi realizada a 27°C, em 60 % de umidade e 10 g de substrato. Foi determinada a atividade lipolítica através de testes analíticos, avaliando-se a melhor condição de produção de lipases. A produção máxima da enzima foi de 16 U/gSS ou 160 U para o substrato semente de girassol em 96 horas de fermentação, com 60 % de umidade. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que o processo da FES é viável para a produção da lipase e que estes biocatalisadores são capazes de realizar a hidrólise de óleos e gorduras, para um posterior emprego na síntese de biodiesel.Palavras-chave: lipases, Penicillium sp., FES.
BIOGÁS COMO ALTERNATIVA ENERGÉTICA PARA RESÍDUOS INDUSTRIAIS
Authors: Wedderhoff Herrmann Henrique 
Published: July 2016

O glicerol bruto é o principal coproduto da geração do biodiesel, o qual contém impurezas que inviabilizam seu uso comercial direto, o que gera problemas econômicos e ambientais. Este glicerol pode ser transformado biologicamente por microorganismos a partir da fermentação anaeróbica, em que liberam como resultado de seu metabolismo gases como metano CH4(g), principal composto do biogás. As indústrias de papel e celulose (IPC) produzem uma série de resíduos após o processamento químico, físico ou mecânico da madeira, os quais apresentam diversos açúcares, e, assim como o glicerol bruto, podem ser assimilados por microorganismos em fermentação, gerando produtos semelhantes e de alto valor agregado. O objetivo deste trabalho é produzir biogás para uso energético, a partir da fermentação anaeróbica da glicerina bruta e de resíduos de biomassa das IPC pela bactéria Escherichia coli. Para a fermentação anaeróbica prepararam-se amostras a partir de um planejamento experimental multivariado 22 com ponto central para cada meio estudado. Após 72 h de fermentação, registrou-se por um detector de gases a produção de CH4(g). As melhores condições para produção de CH4(g) foram nas amostras com 5 mL de E. coli e 30% de resíduos da IPC. Foi possível produzir biogás a partir da fermentação anaeróbica da glicerina bruta e de resíduos da IPC pela E. coli, caracterizando-se como alternativa energética de aproveitamento desses subprodutos.
ANÁLISE DA QUALIDADE DO CARVÃO PARA CONSUMO DOMÉSTICO DE QUATRO MUNICÍPIOS DO ESTADO DO PARANÁ
Authors: Oliveira Adriana Ferla , Bavaresco Aline , Pessuti Carlos Alexandre Alves , Miyashiro Carolina Sayury , Frank Juliano 
Published: July 2016

Neste trabalho, objetivou-se verificar a origem, o teor de umidade, teor de carbono fixo, teor de materiais voláteis, teor de cinzas e o poder calorífico superior de diferentes marcas de carvões vegetais comercializadas e comparar com os padrões exigidos pelo Selo Premium – SP. As análises foram realizadas com oito amostras de carvão vegetal adquiridas em estabelecimentos comerciais nos municípios paranaenses de Palotina, Altônia, Toledo e Ouro Verde do Oeste. Quanto a origem, cinco são de carvões vegetais oriundos do Paraguai, as demais amostras têm origem no Estado do Paraná. Todas as amostras possuem registro no IBAMA e são de madeiras de reflorestamento ou exóticas. O teor de umidade determinado foi de 4,02 – 7,77%, o teor de carbono fixo de 53,94 - 81,06%, o teor de materiais voláteis de 14,53 – 40,70% e o teor de cinzas de 2,96 - 18,11% e o poder calorifico superior de 22584,0 J/g - 31166,5 J/g. Os valores determinados são condizentes com aqueles encontrados na literatura no entanto, nenhuma marca cumpriria as exigências do Selo Premium totalmente.
The Fate of Cricket in the United States: Revisited
Authors: Kirsch George B. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Over the past few decades, journalists and cable television reporters have increased their coverage of efforts by immigrants from South Asian and Caribbean nations to re-establish cricket in the United States. Scholars have contrasted its stunning growth and popularity during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in British colonies in South Asia and the West Indies with its failure to become a mainstream sport in the United States. This essay examines recent scholarship on the global diffusion of cricket and its competition with baseball in the nineteenth century and evaluates the sport’s growth in the United States since 1990. It also assesses its future prospects in America and throughout the world—especially the impact of the new Twenty/20 version of the game.
A concepção de estudantes universitários acerca da vergonha: um estudo no campo da psicologia moral
Authors: De Lima Mayara Gama , De Alencar Heloisa Moulin 
Published: July 2016

<p>A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar o juízo moral de estudantes universitários acerca da vergonha. O instrumento utilizado foi uma entrevista com roteiro semiestruturado, baseada no método clínico proposto por Piaget, contendo questões relativas à concepção de vergonha e ao juízo moral deste sentimento. Os dados revelam que o juízo de valor moral da vergonha envolve conteúdos que a equivalem a um controle externo e a um controle interno, sendo encontradas com maior frequência as categorias juízo e/ou olhares alheios e autojuízo, respectivamente. Espera-se, assim, contribuir com a reflexão sobre a relação entre a vergonha e o universo moral de estudantes universitários, e com o estudo da vergonha e da afetividade na psicologia moral. </p>
Student Participation in the Governing Bodies of Spanish Universities
Authors: Llorent-Vaquero Mercedes 
Published: July 2016

<p class="a"><span lang="EN-GB">Spanish universities are making considerable democratic efforts in their various governing and administrative bodies. This article analyses the role that students play in these in aiding the development of a society where democratic values prevail. To achieve this, documentary analysis is used to explore the different laws and statutes of the universities in terms of student participation, as well as the methodology characteristic of Comparative Education. The first phase tackles the problem of student participation in Spanish universities. Following this, student participation in these bodies is analysed, observing differences and similarities taken from a sample of different Spanish universities. Based on the results obtained, student participation does not quite reach the levels desired. Once the problem is identified a series of proposals are made to increase the quantity and quality of this participation, most importantly increasing the relevance of the student sector in governing bodies, expediting and simplifying electoral processes, supporting the right to association by creating space and providing the necessary training for students to make full use of their rights. </span></p>
PTEN Promotes Dopaminergic Neuronal Differentiation Through Regulation of ERK-Dependent Inhibition of S6K Signaling in Human Neural Stem Cells
Authors: Lee Jeong Eun , Lim Mi Sun , Park Jae Hyeon , Park Chang Hwan , Koh Hyun Chul 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Phosphatase and tension homolog (PTEN) is a widely known negative regulator of insulin/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling. The PI3K/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) and Ras-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Ras-ERK) signaling pathways are the chief mechanisms controlling the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs). However, the roles of PTEN in Akt/mTOR and ERK signaling during proliferation and neuronal differentiation of human NSCs (hNSCs) are poorly understood. Treatment of proliferating hNSCs with a specific inhibitor of PTEN or overexpression of the PTEN inactive mutant G129E resulted in an increase in the expression levels of Ki67, p-S6 kinase (p-S6K), and p-ERK without affecting p-Akt expression during proliferation of hNSCs. Therefore, we focused on the regulatory effect of PTEN in S6K and ERK signaling during dopaminergic neuronal differentiation of hNSCs. Overexpression of PTEN during neuronal differentiation of hNSCs caused an increase in p-S6K expression and a decrease in p-ERK expression. Conversely, inhibition of PTEN increased p-ERK expression and decreased p-S6K expression. Inhibition of ERK by a specific chemical inhibitor, U0126, promoted neuronal generation, especially of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons. p-S6K expression increased in a time-dependent manner during differentiation, and this effect was enhanced by U0126. These results indicated that PTEN promoted neuronal differentiation by inhibition of ERK signaling, which in turn induced activation of S6K. Our data suggest that ERK pathways participate in crosstalk with S6K through PTEN signaling during neuronal differentiation of hNSCs. These results represent a novel pathway by which PTEN may modulate the interplay between ERK and S6K signaling, leading to increased neuronal differentiation in hNSCs.

Significance
This article adds to the body of knowledge about the mechanism of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated differentiation by describing the molecular function of phosphatase and tension homolog (PTEN) during the neuronal differentiation of human neural stem cells (hNSCs). Previous studies showed that S6K signaling promoted neuronal differentiation in hNSCs via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. A further series of studies investigated whether this S6 kinase-induced differentiation in hNSCs involves regulation of ERK signaling by PTEN. The current study identified a novel mechanism by which PTEN regulates neuronal differentiation in hNSCs, suggesting that activating PTEN function promotes dopaminergic neuronal differentiation and providing an important resource for future studies of PTEN function.
Hepatocyte Growth Factor Is Required for Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Protection Against Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Cahill Emer F. , Kennelly Helen , Carty Fiona , Mahon Bernard P. , English Karen 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

The incidence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is on the rise and existing treatments have failed to halt or reverse disease progression. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have potent cytoprotective effects, can promote tissue repair, and have demonstrated efficacy in a range of fibrotic lung diseases; however, the exact mechanisms of action remain to be elucidated. Chemical antagonists and short hairpin RNA knockdown were used to identify the mechanisms of action used by MSCs in promoting wound healing, proliferation, and inhibiting apoptosis. Using the bleomycin induced fibrosis model, the protective effects of early or late MSC administration were examined. The role for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in MSC protection against bleomycin lung injury was examined using HGF knockdown MSC. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP nick-end labeling assay was performed on ex vivo lung sections to examine the effects of MSC on apoptosis. MSC conditioned media (CM) enhanced wound closure and inhibited apoptosis of pulmonary cells in vitro. HGF was required for MSC CM enhancement of epithelial cell proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis. In contrast, MSC required COX-2 for CM to inhibit fibroblast proliferation. In a murine model, early administration of MSC protected against bleomycin induced lung fibrosis and correlated with reduced levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β, reduced levels of apoptosis, and significantly increased levels of HGF. These protective effects were in part mediated by MSC derived HGF as HGF knockdown MSC were unable to protect against fibrosis in vivo. These findings delineate the mechanisms of MSC protection in a preclinical model of fibrotic lung disease.

Significance
The mechanisms used by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in mediating protective effects in chronic models of lung disease are not understood and remain to be elucidated. These findings from in vitro studies highlight an important role for the MSC-derived soluble factors hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and prostaglandin E2 in promoting wound healing and inhibiting apoptosis. Furthermore, this study translates these findings demonstrating an important role for HGF in the protective effects mediated by MSC in vivo in the bleomycin model. These findings support a targeted approach to enhancing MSC therapy for fibrotic disease and highlight the importance of timing of MSC therapy.
Perivascular Progenitor Cells Derived From Human Embryonic Stem Cells Exhibit Functional Characteristics of Pericytes and Improve the Retinal Vasculature in a Rodent Model of Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Kim Jung Mo , Hong Ki-Sung , Song Won Kyung , Bae Daekyeong , Hwang In-Kyu , Kim Jong Soo , Chung Hyung-Min 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in working-age people. Pericyte loss is one of the pathologic cellular events in DR, which weakens the retinal microvessels. Damage to the microvascular networks is irreversible and permanent; thus further progression of DR is inevitable. In this study, we hypothesize that multipotent perivascular progenitor cells derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESC-PVPCs) improve the damaged retinal vasculature in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rodent models. We describe a highly efficient and feasible protocol to derive such cells with a natural selection method without cell-sorting processes. As a cellular model of pericytes, hESC-PVPCs exhibited marker expressions such as CD140B, CD146, NG2, and functional characteristics of pericytes. Following a single intravitreal injection into diabetic Brown Norway rats, we demonstrate that the cells localized alongside typical perivascular regions of the retinal vasculature and stabilized the blood-retinal barrier breakdown. Findings in this study highlight a therapeutic potential of hESC-PVPCs in DR by mimicking the role of pericytes in vascular stabilization.

Significance
This study provides a simple and feasible method to generate perivascular progenitor cells from human embryonic stem cells. These cells share functional characteristics with pericytes, which are irreversibly lost at the onset of diabetic retinopathy. Animal studies demonstrated that replenishing the damaged pericytes with perivascular progenitor cells could restore retinal vascular integrity and prevent fluid leakage. This provides promising and compelling evidence that perivascular progenitor cells can be used as a novel therapeutic agent to treat diabetic retinopathy patients.
Concise Review: Recent Advances in the In Vitro Derivation of Blood Cell Populations
Authors: Batta Kiran , Menegatti Sara , Garcia-Alegria Eva , Florkowska Magdalena , Lacaud Georges , Kouskoff Valerie 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Hematopoietic cell-based therapies are currently available treatment options for many hematological and nonhematological disorders. However, the scarcity of allogeneic donor-derived cells is a major hurdle in treating these disorders. Embryonic stem cell-based directed differentiation and direct reprogramming of somatic cells provide excellent tools for the potential generation of hematopoietic stem cells usable in the clinic for cellular therapies. In addition to blood stem cell transplantation, mature blood cells such as red blood cells, platelets, and engineered T cells have also been increasingly used to treat several diseases. Besides cellular therapies, induced blood progenitor cells generated from autologous sources (either induced pluripotent stem cells or somatic cells) can be useful for disease modeling of bone marrow failures and acquired blood disorders. However, although great progress has been made toward these goals, we are still far from the use of in vitro-derived blood products in the clinic. We review the current state of knowledge on the directed differentiation of embryonic stem cells and the reprogramming of somatic cells toward the generation of blood stem cells and derivatives.

Significance
Hematopoietic cell-based therapies are currently available treatment options for many hematological and nonhematological disorders. However, the scarcity of allogeneic donor-derived cells is a major hurdle in treating these disorders. The current state of knowledge on the directed differentiation of embryonic stem cells and the reprogramming of somatic cells toward the generation of blood stem cells and derivatives is reviewed.
Histoires nationales et histoire internationale du livre et de l’édition
Authors: Mollier Jean-Yves 
Published: July 2016

Dans cet article, je reviens sur la naissance de l’Histoire de l’édition française (4 volumes publiés en 1982-1986) et sur la commande passée par un éditeur, Jean-Pierre Vivet, à Henri-Jean Martin, spécialiste de l’histoire du livre, qui recruta ensuite Roger Chartier pour répondre avec lui au défi intellectuel posé par cette proposition. Contingent par conséquent, relevant de ce que l’on appelle une « commande » éditoriale, ce projet allait cependant marquer l’ensemble de la communauté scientifique internationale et déboucher sur de multiples écritures « nationales » d’histoires du livre, de l’édition et de la lecture dans le monde. Aux deux derniers congrès du Comité international des sciences historiques de Sydney en 2005, et Amsterdam en 2010, la question d’une écriture nationale ou transnationale du livre a été posée et elle l’a été de nouveau à Jinan en août 2015, preuve de l’existence d’un véritable débat sur l’orientation fondamentale qui doit être la nôtre en histoire du livre. En examinant les résultats de ces congrès et en prenant en compte les congrès régionaux et internationaux de SHARP qui ont abordé ces thématiques dans les années 2000-2010, notamment les congrès de Rio de Janeiro et de Monterey, il est possible de montrer comment la perspective internationale a modifié les perspectives passées et réorienté la discipline vers une approche davantage transculturelle, difficile à mettre en oeuvre mais prometteuse pour l’avenir. À sa manière, ce changement de cap, ou de paradigme, s’inscrit dans une perspective d’histoire globale qui remet en cause les frontières et leur pertinence pour comprendre les phénomènes de transferts culturels.
National Histories of the Book in a Transnational Age
Authors: Lyons Martyn 
Published: July 2016

In the 1990s and 2000s, national histories of the book achieved a double milestone: firstly, they marked the coming to maturity of the subdiscipline of the history of the book itself, especially in English-speaking countries; at the same time they established landmarks in the cultural history of their own countries. My presentation will discuss the fate and the impact of national book histories from the point of view of theHistory of the Book in Australia, which I coedited and to which I contributed several chapters.Two historiographical events have challenged the agenda of national book histories. The ‘transnational turn’ has thrown into question the fundamental framework which governed their conception and production. To a lesser extent, the growth of the digital humanities also makes a radical departure from the ‘traditional’ research methods of the 1990s. My presentation will assess the legacy of theHistory of the Book in Australiaso far, and ask whether national book history has any role to play in the age of transnational approaches. I will suggest in answer to my own question that there remains a place at the table for all three levels—transnational, national and also micro-histories of the book.
Preferencias relacionales de género en el contexto escolar: una nueva medida para el diagnóstico de relaciones de género en educación
Authors: García-Pérez Rafael , Ruiz-Pinto Estrella , Rebollo-Catalán Ángeles 
Published: July 2016

Este	estudio evalúa un procedimiento nuevo para el análisis	“micro-sociométrico” de los patrones relacionales de género	en el alumnado adolescente, lo que se analiza aplicando	Análisis de Correspondencias Múltiples (ACM). El propósito	del estudio es desarrollar y validar la Escala de	Preferencias Relacionales de Género (EPRG), con el fin de	obtener datos válidos y fiables que permitan reconocer la	predisposición de las chicas y los chicos adolescentes a	relacionarse con sus iguales; y, si las relaciones que	establecen están condicionadas por la socialización	diferencial de género que propone el patriarcado (Bosch,	Ferrer & Alzamora, 2006; Lagarde, 1996; Lomas, 2007;	Lorente, 2007; Rodríguez-Mosquera, 2011; Simón, 2010; Tomé &	Tonucci, 2013). La muestra está compuesta por 6.000	estudiantes adolescentes, de los cuales el 50,8% son mujeres	y el 49,2% son hombres, con una media de edad de 13,82 años.	Se demuestra validez de constructo y se obtiene una alta	fiabilidad (Alpha de Cronbrach = .92) en la determinación de	las asignaciones de roles y estereotipos de género en el	aula escolar, considerando al tiempo las “distancias	sociales” y la estructura electiva de chicos y chicas en las	aulas. La obtención con ACM de mapas “micro-sociométricos”	facilita la interpretación de resultados, coincidentes con	otras aproximaciones teóricas, identificando las “distancias	sociales” entre personas, categorías y géneros. Los	resultados destacan actividades relacionales que muestran	patrones de género muy marcados tales como compartir la ropa	o elegir pareja, así como las conductas relacionales	asociadas a la diferenciación inequívoca inter-intra	géneros.
Computational studies of suppression of microwave gas breakdown by crossed dc magnetic field using electron fluid model
Authors: Zhao Pengcheng , Guo Lixin , Shu Panpan 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The gas breakdown induced by a square microwave pulse with a crossed dc magnetic field is investigated using the electron fluid model, in which the accurate electron energy distribution functions are adopted. Simulation results show that at low gas pressures the dc magnetic field of a few tenths of a tesla can prolong the breakdown formation time by reducing the mean electron energy. With the gas pressure increasing, the higher dc magnetic field is required to suppress the microwave breakdown. The electric field along the microwave propagation direction generated due to the motion of electrons obviously increases with the dc magnetic field, but it is much less than the incident electric field. The breakdown predictions of the electron fluid model agree very well with the particle-in-cell-Monte Carlo collision simulations as well as the scaling law for the microwave gas breakdown.