bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time‐course of myelination and atrophy on cerebral imaging in 35 patients with PLP1‐related disorders
Authors: Sarret Catherine , Lemaire Jean‐Jacques , Tonduti Davide , Sontheimer Anna , Coste Jerome , Pereira Bruno , Feschet Fabien , Roche Basile , Boespflug‐Tanguy Odile 
Published: January 2016

AimBrain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) motor development score (MDS) correlations were used to analyze the natural time‐course of hypomyelinating PLP1‐related disorders (Pelizaeus‐Merzbacher disease [PMD] and spastic paraplegia type 2).MethodThirty‐five male patients (ranging from 0.7–43.5y at the first MRI) with PLP1‐related disorder were prospectively followed over 7 years. Patients were classified according to best motor function acquired before 5 years (MDS) into five categories (from PMD0 without motor acquisition to PMD4 with autonomous walking). We determined myelination and atrophy scores and measured corpus callosum area, volume of cerebellum, white matter and grey matter on 63 MRI.ResultsAge‐adjusted multivariate analysis revealed that patients with PMD0‐1 had higher‐severity atrophy scores and smaller corpus callosum area than did patients with PMD2 and PMD3‐4. Myelination score increased until 12 years. There was evidence that the mean myelination differed in frontal white matter, arcuate fibres, and internal capsules among the groups. Most patients showed worsening atrophy (brain, cerebellum, corpus callosum), whereas grey matter and white matter proportions did not change.InterpretationBrain atrophy and myelination of anterior cerebral regions appear to be pertinent biomarkers of motor development. The time‐course of inter‐ and intra‐individual cerebral white matter and grey matter atrophy suggests that both oligodendrocytes and neurons are involved in the physiopathology of PLP1‐related disorders.
The consequences of diet limitation in juvenile threespine stickleback: growth, lipid storage and the phenomenon of compensatory growth
Authors: Reyes Miguel L. , Baker John A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMany organisms exhibit compensatory growth (CG), an accelerated growth rate during recovery from periods of low nutrient resources. Despite numerous studies, many aspects ofCG, particularly fine‐scale temporal effects early in life, remain poorly understood. We manipulated early‐life feeding regimens in threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) to study compensatory responses in growth rate and lipid storage during the first growing season. Laboratory‐reared stickleback, including ancestral oceanic and derived freshwater populations, were divided into three age‐specific dietary treatment groups –DPR1,DPR2 andDPR3 – which were exposed to a half‐ration nutrient deprivation for 30 days at the onset of 2, 3 and 4 months of age, respectively. We hypothesised that these month‐long periods of nutrient deprivation would result in strong, yet variableCGresponses across stickleback populations and dietary treatments following a return to optimal ration levels. The youngest two age classes of fish (DPR1 &andDPR2) exhibited strongCGresponses, matching growth rates and lipid generation levels seen in control fish fed anad libitumdiet. The oldest nutrient‐deprived group (DPR3) showed a reducedCGresponse, with body growth recovering only partially, and lipid levels exhibiting even less recovery. Our results demonstrate that compensatory growth responses in juvenile stickleback depend on the timing of deprivation during the first growing season and further that responses to late‐season deprivation have favoured development of a larger body frame entering the overwintering season over lipid regeneration.
Environmental enrichment delays limbic epileptogenesis and restricts pathologic synaptic plasticity
Authors: Yang Meng , Ozturk Ezgi , Salzberg Michael R. , Rees Sandra , Morris Margaret , O'Brien Terence J. , Jones Nigel C. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryObjectiveEnvironmental exposures impart powerful effects on vulnerability to many brain diseases, including epilepsy. Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is a common form of epilepsy, and it is often accompanied by neuropsychiatric comorbidities. This study tests the hypothesis that environmental enrichment (EE) confers antiepileptogenic, psychoprotective, and neuroprotective effects in the amygdala kindling model of MTLE, and explores potential neurobiologic mechanisms.MethodsAt weaning, male Wistar rats were allocated into either EE (large cages containing running wheels and toys; n = 43) or standard housing (SH; standard laboratory cages; n = 39) conditions. At P56, a bipolar electrode was implanted into the left amygdala, and rats underwent rapid amygdala kindling until experiencing five class V seizures (Racine scale, fully kindled). The elevated plus maze was used to assess anxiety. Postmortem histologic and molecular analyses investigated potential biologic mediators of effects.ResultsEE significantly delayed kindling epileptogenesis, with EE rats requiring a significantly greater number of kindling stimulations to reach a fully kindled state compared to SH rats (p < 0.05). EE and kindling both reduced anxiety (p < 0.05). Timm's staining revealed significant reductions in aberrant mossy fiber sprouting in EE rats (p < 0.05), and these effects of EE were accompanied by reduced expression of TrkB and CRH genes.SignificanceWe identify beneficial effects of EE on vulnerability to limbic epileptogenesis and anxiety, and identify reduced pathologic neuroplasticity and plasticity‐related gene expression as potential underlying mechanisms. Enhanced environmental stimulation represents a potential antiepileptogenic strategy that might also mitigate the common psychiatric comorbidities of MTLE.
Overexpression of the long noncoding RNA TUG1 protects against cold‐induced injury of mouse livers by inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation
Authors: Su Song , Liu Jiang , He Kai , Zhang Mengyu , Feng Chunhong , Peng Fangyi , Li Bo , Xia Xianming 
Published: January 2016

Hepatic injury provoked by cold storage is a major problem affecting liver transplantation, as exposure to cold induces apoptosis in hepatic tissues. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly understood to regulate apoptosis, but the contribution of lncRNAs to cold‐induced liver injury remains unknown. Using RNA‐seq, we determined the differential lncRNA expression profile in mouse livers after cold storage and found that expression of the lncRNA TUG1 was significantly down‐regulated. Overexpression of TUG1 attenuated cold‐induced apoptosis in mouse hepatocytes and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells LSECs, in part by blocking mitochondrial apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways. Moreover, TUG1 attenuated apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in vivo in livers subjected to cold storage. Overexpression of TUG1 also improved hepatocyte function and prolonged hepatic graft survival rates in mice. These results suggest that the lncRNA TUG1 exerts a protective effect against cold‐induced liver damage by inhibiting apoptosis in mice, and suggests a potential role for TUG1 as a target for the prevention of cold‐induced liver damage in liver transplantation.DatabasesRNA‐seq data are available from GEO using accession number GSE76609.
Effects of additives on the fermentation and aerobic stability of grass silages and total mixed rations
Authors: Seppälä A. , Heikkilä T. , Mäki M. , Rinne M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMown herbage of timothy–meadow fescue (dry matter 218 (LDM) or 539 (HDM) g kg−1) was ensiled in laboratory silos to evaluate silage additives. For LDM silage, additives including formic acid (a blend of formic acid, sodium formate, propionic acid, benzoic acid, glycerol and another blend of formic acid and ammonium formate, both applied at 5 L t−1) were able to restrict fermentation and thereby improve intake potential of the silage. Aerobic stability (AS) of total mixed ration (TMR) was also improved. LDM grass treated with homofermentative lactic acid bacteria (hoLAB) resulted in silage containing lactic acid at 132 g kg−1 DM, ammonium‐N <40 g kg−1 total N, and pH < 3·8, and the AS was poor (<36 h). The treatment including heterofermentative strain (Lactobacillus brevis) produced more acetic acid and better AS than hoLAB. Salt treatment (sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, sodium nitrite) reduced pH compared to the Control treatment (3·89 vs. 4·24) and improved AS of TMR. The LDM Control silage had good AS, but the TMR based on it had poor AS. All additives were able to lower pH on HDM silages also, but other benefits of using additives were minimal. The treatment including L. brevis on HDM was able to improve AS of TMR.
Induced thiacloprid insensitivity in honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) is associated with up‐regulation of detoxification genes
Authors: Alptekin S. , Bass C. , Nicholls C. , Paine M. J. I. , Clark S. J. , Field L. , Moores G. D. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractHoney bees, Apis mellifera, are markedly less sensitive to neonicotinoid insecticides containing a cyanoimino pharmacophore than to those with a nitroimino group. Although previous work has suggested that this results from enhanced metabolism of the former by detoxification enzymes, the specific enzyme(s) involved remain to be characterized. In this work, a pretreatment of honey bees with a sublethal dose of thiacloprid resulted in induced insensitivity to the same compound immediately following thiacloprid feeding. A longer pretreatment time resulted in no, or increased, sensitivity. Transcriptome profiling, using microarrays, identified a number of genes encoding detoxification enzymes that were over‐expressed significantly in insecticide‐treated bees compared with untreated controls. These included five P450s, CYP6BE1, CYP305D1, CYP6AS5, CYP315A1, CYP301A1, and a carboxyl/cholinesterase (CCE) CCE8. Four of these P450s were functionally expressed in Escherichia coli and their ability to metabolize thiacloprid examined by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) analysis.
Systematic Risk in Conventional and Islamic Equity Markets
Authors: Sensoy Ahmet 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe aim to compare the systematic risk in conventional and Islamic equity markets by introducing two dynamic risk measures. Accordingly, the level of the systematic risk in conventional markets is slightly higher than the risk in Islamic markets for most of the time. However, this difference is significant in less than 3% of the sample period. More importantly, there is no significant difference in the levels of systematic risk during the global financial crisis of 2008, suggesting that Islamic equities are not able to provide a lower market risk compared with their conventional counterparts in financial turbulent times.
Gender and labour in times of austerity: Ireland, Italy and Portugal in comparative perspective
Authors: ADDABBO Tindara , BASTOS Amélia , CASACA Sara Falcão , DUVVURY Nata , NÍ LÉIME Áine 
Published: January 2016

AbstractUsing Eurostat data for 2007, 2010 and 2012, the authors examine the effects of the 2008 crisis on the situation of male and female workers in Italy, Ireland and Portugal, with particular attention to changing labour market dynamics, (intra‐household) employment patterns, and incomes. The gender gaps in employment, unemployment and precarious employment are narrowing, but this trend cannot be interpreted as progress toward gender equality: it is driven by men's increasingly vulnerable position resulting from the generalized deterioration of labour market conditions, including the growth of precarious and/or low‐paid employment, unemployment and poverty to the detriment of household living standards.
A methodology for flood susceptibility and vulnerability analysis in complex flood scenarios
Authors: Dottori F. , Martina M.L.V. , Figueiredo R. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractNowadays, flood risk management is gaining importance in order to mitigate and prevent flood disasters, and consequently the analysis of flood risk components is becoming a key research topic. In this paper, we propose a methodology for large‐scale analysis of flood susceptibility and vulnerability. The methodology is based on a mathematical index, which considers local topography and basic information about the flood scenario to reproduce flooding processes. Its application allows for considering different levels of complexity of flood scenarios, from localized flood defence failures to complex hazard scenarios involving river reaches. The methodology synthesizes the spatial distribution of the index values into maps and curves that can be used to rank the susceptibility and implement a vulnerability analysis in the area of interest. The components of the methodology are tested in two flood plain areas in Northern Italy recently affected by floods. The results show that the methodology can provide an original and valuable insight of flood susceptibility and vulnerability processes.
Conventional protein kinase Cβ‐mediated phosphorylation inhibits collapsin response‐mediated protein 2 proteolysis and alleviates ischemic injury in cultured cortical neurons and ischemic stroke‐induced mice
Authors: Yang Xuan , Zhang Xinxin , Li Yun , Han Song , Howells David W. , Li Shujuan , Li Junfa 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe previously reported that conventional protein kinase C (cPKC)β participated in hypoxic preconditioning‐induced neuroprotection against cerebral ischemic injury, and collapsin response‐mediated protein 2 (CRMP2) was identified as a cPKCβ interacting protein. In this study, we explored the regulation of CRMP2 phosphorylation and proteolysis by cPKCβ, and their role in ischemic injury of oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD)‐treated cortical neurons and brains of mice with middle cerebral artery occlusion‐induced ischemic stroke. The results demonstrated that cPKCβ‐mediated CRMP2 phosphorylation via the cPKCβ‐selective activator 12‐deoxyphorbol 13‐phenylacetate 20‐acetate (DOPPA) and inhibition of calpain‐mediated CRMP2 proteolysis by calpeptin and a fusing peptide containing TAT peptide and the calpain cleavage site of CRMP2 (TAT‐CRMP2) protected neurons against OGD‐induced cell death through inhibiting CRMP2 proteolysis in cultured cortical neurons. The OGD‐induced nuclear translocation of the CRMP2 breakdown product was inhibited by DOPPA, calpeptin, and TAT‐CRMP2 in cortical neurons. In addition, both cPKCβ activation and CRMP2 proteolysis inhibition by hypoxic preconditioning and intracerebroventricular injections of DOPPA, calpeptin, and TAT‐CRMP2 improved the neurological deficit in addition to reducing the infarct volume and proportions of cells with pyknotic nuclei in the peri‐infact region of mice with ischemic stroke. These results suggested that cPKCβ modulates CRMP2 phosphorylation and proteolysis, and cPKCβ activation alleviates ischemic injury in the cultured cortical neurons and brains of mice with ischemic stroke through inhibiting CRMP2 proteolysis by phosphorylation.
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Focal cerebral ischemia induces a large flux of Ca2+ to activate calpain which cleaves collapsin response mediator (CRMP) 2 into breakdown product (BDP). Inhibition of CRMP2 cleavage by calpeptin and TAT‐CRMP2 alleviates ischemic injury. Conventional protein kinase C (cPKC)β‐mediated phosphorylation could inhibit CRMP2 proteolysis and alleviate ischemic injury in cultured cortical neurons and ischemic stroke‐induced mice.
Carbon dioxide therapy and hyaluronic acid for cosmetic correction of the nasolabial folds
Authors: Nisi Giuseppe , Cuomo Roberto , Brandi Cesare , Grimaldi Luca , Sisti Andrea , D'Aniello Carlo 
Published: January 2016

SummaryBackgroundThe main application of hyaluronic acid filling, in esthetic medicine, is the augmentation of soft tissues. The carbon dioxide therapy, instead, improves quality and elasticity of the dermis and increases the oxygen release to the tissue through an enhancing of the Bohr's effect. The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy, tolerability, and effect duration of hyaluronic acid fillers and the use of carbon dioxide therapy plus hyaluronic acid in the cosmetic correction of nasolabial folds.Materials and MethodsForty healthy female patients received a blinded and randomized treatment on nasolabial folds (hyaluronic acid in group A and hyaluronic acid plus subcutaneous injections of carbon dioxide in group B) for cosmetic correction of the nasolabial folds. The results were evaluated by two blinded plastic surgeons after the implant (1 week, 4 and 6 months) using a 1–5 graduated scale (GAIS), and at the same time, each patient was asked to express her opinion about the cosmetic result.ResultsAny long‐term adverse reaction was reported. The blinded evaluation at 4 and 6 months from the implant shows in all patients a maintenance of a good cosmetic result higher for the side treated with carbon dioxide therapy plus hyaluronic acid.ConclusionsAt the control visit, 6 months after the treatment, the patients treated with hyaluronic acid plus carbon dioxide therapy maintain a satisfactory esthetic result while the nasolabial fold treated only with hyaluronic acid shows, in almost all patients, a come back to pretreatment appearance.
Role of inflammation in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
Authors: Biberoglu Ebru , Kirbas Ayse , Daglar Korkut , Kara Ozgur , Karabulut Erdem , Yakut Halil Ibrahim , Danisman Nuri 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimIntrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), the most common liver disease in pregnancy, is characterized by elevated serum total bile acid and/or transaminase concentration, and pruritus. Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is a key regulator of the immune response, hematopoiesis and inflammation. We examined both IL‐6 and the frequently used inflammatory marker high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) at baseline in the same study population as for the primary endpoint, in order to provide a new perspective on the pathogenesis of ICP.MethodsIn this controlled cross‐sectional study 65 consecutive pregnant women with ICP (34 with mild and 31 with severe disease) and 40 healthy women with uncomplicated pregnancies (control group) were examined. IL‐6 and hs‐CRP were compared between the groups.ResultsWhile serum IL‐6 was significantly higher in the mild ICP (P = 0.01) and severe ICP (P = 0.001) groups than in the control group, hs‐CRP was similar between the groups.ConclusionInterleukin‐6 may have an essential role, apart from CRP, in the pathogenesis of ICP and, also, is a more sensitive marker of inflammation.
Computerized analysis of fetal heart rate variability signal during the stages of labor
Authors: Annunziata Maria Laura , Tagliaferri Salvatore , Esposito Francesca Giovanna , Giuliano Natascia , Mereghini Flavia , Di Lieto Andrea , Campanile Marta 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimTo analyze computerized cardiotocographic (cCTG) parameters (baseline fetal heart rate, baseline FHR; short term variability, STV; approximate entropy, ApEn; low frequency, LF; movement frequency, MF; high frequency, HF) in physiological pregnancy in order to correlate them with the stages of labor. This could provide more information for understanding the mechanisms of nervous system control of FHR during labor progression.MethodsA total of 534 pregnant women were monitored on cCTG from the 37th week before the onset of spontaneous labor and during the first and the second stage of labor. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal–Wallis test and Wilcoxon rank‐sum test with the Bonferroni adjusted α (< 0.05).ResultsStatistically significant differences were seen between baseline FHR, MF and HF (P < 0.001), in which the first two were reduced and the third was increased when compared between pre‐labor, and the first and second stages of labor. Differences between some of the stages were found for ApEn, LF and for LF/(HF + MF), where the first and the third were reduced and the second was increased.ConclusionscCTG modifications during labor may reflect the physiologic increased activation of the autonomous nervous system. Using computerized fetal heart rate analysis during labor it may be possible to obtain more information from the fetal cardiac signal, in comparison with the traditional tracing.
Effect of mercury vapor inhalation on rat ovary: Stereology and histopathology
Authors: Altunkaynak Berrin Zuhal , Akgül Nilgun , Yahyazadeh Ahmad , Altunkaynak Muhammed Eyup , Turkmen Aysin Pinar , Akgül Hayati Murat , Ünal Bunyami 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimMercury, an environmental contaminant, is a risk factor for health in whole living organisms. In this study, we investigated whether mercury vapor (HgO) inhalation has an effect on rat ovary.MethodsTwelve Wistar albino rats were divided equally into experimental (Hg) and control groups (n = 6). Animals in the Hg group were exposed to HgO for 45 days at a dose 1 mg/m3/day, after which, histological and stereological assessment were carried out.ResultsOvaries exposed to HgO had histo‐morphometric alterations. HgO inhalation resulted in reduction of the total number of primordial, primary and Graaf follicles. Also, mean volume of ovary, medulla and cortex, corpus luteum (c. luteum) and Graaf follicles was decreased in the Hg group. Moreover, there was a significant increase in total volume of the atretic follicles. On light microscopy, thickening of tunica albuginea, increase of fibrils within the connective tissue, congestion of the capillaries and venous vessels, thinned walls and fibrin deposition in some large blood vessels, and edema were seen. Also, irregular follicle and oocyte borders, and hydropic degeneration in follicular granulosa cells were detected.ConclusionStructural alterations could be attributed to the toxic influence of HgO on rat ovary. The use of Hg should therefore be more controlled to minimize its toxic effect.
Randomized double‐blind comparison of the effects of intramyometrial and intravenous oxytocin during elective cesarean section
Authors: Akinaga Chieko , Uchizaki Sakiko , Kurita Tadayoshi , Taniguchi Mizuki , Makino Hiroshi , Suzuki Akira , Uchida Toshiyuki , Suzuki Kazunao , Itoh Hiroaki , Tani Shigeki , Sato Shigehito , Terui Katsuo 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimObstetricians sometimes administer intramyometrial oxytocin to stimulate uterine contraction during cesarean section, but its effects have not been well investigated. We performed a randomized, double‐blind study to test the hypothesis that a small dose of intramyometrial oxytocin would induce acceptable uterine contractility more quickly and with fewer hemodynamic side‐effects than the same dose administered intravenously.MethodsForty women with a single fetus at ≥36 weeks of gestational age scheduled for elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia were randomized to the intravenous and intramyometrial groups to receive oxytocin at 0.07 IU/kg. The drug was administered immediately after umbilical cord clamping. Systolic blood pressure, heart rate, intraoperative blood loss, uterine tone, total amount of intraoperative oxytocin, and additional uterotonic drugs administered in the first 24 h were compared.ResultsMaximum uterine contractility was achieved after 2 and 10 min for the intravenous and intramyometrial groups, respectively. The mean hemodynamic parameters of the intramyometrial group were stable. In contrast, the intravenous group showed a reduction in systolic blood pressure after 2–4 min and increased heart rate after 1–2 min. Intraoperative blood loss, total oxytocin dose, and frequency of additional uterotonic drugs were comparable between the two groups.ConclusionAlthough intraoperative blood loss was comparable, a small dose of intramyometrial oxytocin was inappropriate to obtain a prompt and acceptable uterine contraction during cesarean section.