bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic population structure of freshwater‐resident and anadromous ide (Leuciscus idus) in north‐western Europe
Authors: Skovrind Mikkel , Olsen Morten Tange , Vieira Filipe Garrett , Pacheco George , Carl Henrik , Gilbert M. Thomas P. , Møller Peter Rask 
Published: January 2016

AbstractClimate change experts largely agree that future climate change and associated rises in oceanic water levels over the upcoming decades, will affect marine salinity levels. The subsequent effects on fish communities in estuarine ecosystems however, are less clear. One species that is likely to become increasingly affected by changes in salinity is the ide (Leuciscus idus). The ide is a stenohaline freshwater fish that primarily inhabits rivers, with frequent anadromous behavior when sea salinity does not exceed 15%. Unlike most other anadromous Baltic Sea fish species, the ide has yet to be subjected to large‐scale stocking programs, and thus provides an excellent opportunity for studying the natural population structure across the current salinity gradient in the Danish Belts. To explore this, we used Genotyping‐by‐Sequencing to determine genomic population structure of both freshwater resident and anadromous ide populations in the western Baltic Sea region, and relate the results to the current salinity gradient and the demographic history of ide in the region. The sample sites separate into four clusters, with all anadromous populations in one cluster and the freshwater resident populations in the remaining three. Results demonstrate high level of differentiation between sites hosting freshwater resident populations, but little differentiation among anadromous populations. Thus ide exhibit the genomic population structure of both a typical freshwater species, and a typical anadromous species. In addition to providing a first insight into the population structure of north‐western European ide, our data also (1) provide indications of a single illegal introduction by man; (2) suggest limited genetic effects of heavy pollution in the past; and (3) indicate possible historical anadromous behavior in a now isolated freshwater population.
Enantiopure Chiral Concave 1,10‐Phenanthrolines
Authors: Reck Lisa M. , Haberhauer Gebhard , Lüning Ulrich 
Published: January 2016

AbstractChiral information has been introduced into concave 1,10‐phenanthrolines of different ring sizes by using a 2,7‐disubstituted naphthalene bridgehead, which causes axial chirality. A tetraphenolic 2‐(dihydroxynaphthyl)‐9‐(dihydroxyphenyl)‐1,10‐phenanthroline was synthesized as a key intermediate. Two strategies were followed to obtain the bimacrocyclic chiral concave 1,10‐phenanthrolines: quadruple Williamson ether synthesis or alkenylation of the OH groups and subsequent ring‐closing metathesis followed by hydrogenation. The overall yields of bimacrocyles 19 were 10 to 17 % starting from the respective Suzuki coupling of the substituted arenes 11 and 13 to 2,9‐dichloro‐1,10‐phenanthroline (5). Racemic mixtures of the three concave 1,10‐phenanthrolines 19 were separated by using chiral high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques, and their absolute stereochemistry was assigned by comparison of simulated and experimental circular dichroism (CD) spectra. The enantiopure concave 1,10‐phenanthrolines were used as ligands in a copper‐catalysed cyclopropanation, and their selectivity was determined by chiral gas chromatography (GC).
OSL dating of past lake levels for a large dammed lake in southern Tibet and determination of possible controls on lake evolution
Authors: Chen Yiwei , Aitchison Jonathan C. , Zong Yongqiang , Li Sheng‐Hua 
Published: January 2016

AbstractFluvio‐lacustrine terraces along Phung Chu (river) on the central southern Tibetan Plateau indicate that a large palaeo‐dammed‐lake formerly existed in this area. Based on landscape survey, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating and sedimentary analyses, this research shows that the Phung Chu was blocked and a dammed‐lake over 2500 km2in size formed before 30 ka ago. OSL dating analysis suggests the fluvio‐lacustrine sediments were well bleached and yield accurate age estimates for two lake drainage events. The first drainage event took place after 30 ka, resulted in river incision and formed a high terrace at 50 m height from the present river level. The second drainage happened after 3.7 ka, resulted in further river incision and formed the second terrace at 25 m height from the present river level. According to the distribution of the fluvio‐lacustrine sediments, active normal faults (particularly the Kharta Fault) in this region and the high gradient slopes after Phung Chu enters the Yö Ri gorge, seismically‐induced landsliding is regarded as highly likely to have been the cause of river blockage and associated formation of a dammed‐lake, although glacial damming is also a possible cause. The volume of drainages from this dammed‐lake may have led to catastrophic flooding and analogous modern lakes represent significant geo‐hazard risks to down‐river human settlements. As dammed‐lakes are special phases in fluvial evolution, often involving river blockage, breakthrough and drastic catchment change, these processes can reveal how tectonic or climatic events modify landforms. However, such tectonic‐derived landform changes can also impact palaeo‐climate of the region. Thus this study has added new evidence regarding the evolutionary history of a dammed lake including its formation, duration, extent and final drainage, which is crucial for understanding its general landscape process mechanisms and for better assessing geo‐hazard risks. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Systematic review of dyadic and family‐oriented interventions for late‐life depression
Authors: Stahl Sarah T. , Rodakowski Juleen , Saghafi Ester M. , Park Mijung , Reynolds Charles F. , Dew Mary Amanda 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveSupportive behaviors (both instrumental and emotional) from spouses and close family members can impact the trajectory of older adults' depressive symptoms. Interventions that target both the patient and support person may be more effective than interventions that target the patient only, in terms of alleviating mood symptoms in the identified patient. The purpose of this paper was to review the characteristics and findings of dyadic and family‐oriented interventions for late‐life mood disorders to determine if they are effective and beneficial.MethodsFollowing PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review of reports in the literature on dyadic or family‐oriented interventions for late‐life mood disorders. We searched PubMed, OVID PsycINFO, and EMBASE for peer‐reviewed journal articles in English through October 2014.ResultsWe identified 13 articles, representing a total of 10 independent investigations. Identified studies focused on spouses and close family members as support persons. Effect sizes for dyadic interventions that treated major depressive disorder were, on average, moderately strong, while effect sizes for dyadic interventions that reduced depressive symptoms were generally small. We did not identify any dyadic studies that treated bipolar disorder.ConclusionsThis review showed that dyadic interventions are feasible and that these interventions can decrease symptomatology in individuals who have major depressive disorder. Research is needed to understand the relative efficacy of a dyadic approach over a single‐target approach in treating depression. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comprehensive phenotypic characterization of PTLD reveals potential reliance on EBV or NF‐κB signalling instead of B‐cell receptor signalling
Authors: Menter Thomas , Dickenmann Michael , Juskevicius Darius , Steiger Juerg , Dirnhofer Stephan , Tzankov Alexandar 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPost‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are a major problem in transplant medicine. So far, the insights into pathogenesis and potentially druggable pathways in PTLD remain scarce. We investigated a cohort of PTLD patients, consisting of both polymorphic (n = 3) and monomorphic (n = 19) B‐cell lymphoproliferations. Several signalling pathways, cell of origin of PTLD and their relation to viruses were analysed by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Most PTLD were of activated B‐cell origin. Two‐thirds of cases showed an Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection of the neoplastic cells. NF‐κB signalling components were present in the majority of cases, except for EBV‐infected cases with latency type III lacking CD19 and upstream B‐cell signalling constituents. Proteins involved in B‐cell receptor signalling like Bruton tyrosine kinase were only present in a minority of cases. Phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) was expressed in 94% of cases and the druggable PI3K class 1 catalytic subunit p110 in 76%, while proteins of other signalling transduction pathways were expressed only in single cases. Unsupervised cluster analysis revealed three distinct subgroups: (i) related to EBV infection, mainly latency type III and mostly lacking CD19, upstream B‐cell signalling and NF‐κB constituents; (ii) mostly related to EBV infection with expression of the alternative NF‐κB pathway compound RelB, CD10, and FOXP1 or MUM1; and finally, (iii) mostly unrelated to virus infection with expression of the classic NF‐κB pathway compound p65. EBV and NF‐κB are important drivers in PTLD in contrast to B‐cell receptor signalling. The main signal transduction pathway is related to PI3K. This links PTLD to other subgroups of EBV‐related lymphomas, highlighting also new potential treatment approaches. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Red mud as acidic sandy soil ameliorant: a microcosm incubation study
Authors: Ujaczki Éva , Feigl Viktória , Farkas Éva , Vaszita Emese , Gruiz Katalin , Molnár Mónika 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDRed mud is increasingly considered a valuable by‐product requiring development of new re‐use technologies instead of deposition as waste. This paper reports the results of a microcosm study aiming to reveal the beneficial effects of the Ajka red mud, as soil ameliorant, on a specific acidic sandy soil in eastern Hungary.RESULTSThe red mud amount mixed into the sandy soil ranged between 0 and 50%. The experiment was monitored by an integrated methodology combining physical and chemical methods with biological and ecotoxicological measurements. The adverse effects of red mud were examined by ecotoxicity tests using test organisms from three trophic levels: Aliivibrio fischeri (luminescent bacterium), Sinapis alba (plant), Triticum aestivum (plant) and Tetrahymena pyriformis (unicellular animal). The results showed that red mud applied at 5% had positive effects on the degraded acidic sandy soil, significantly increasing soil pH, improving soil texture and water holding capacity. In addition, according to the ecotoxicological test results 5% w/w red mud had no significant adverse effects on the tested organisms as members of the soil ecosystem.CONCLUSIONThe results demonstrated the beneficial effects of red mud as an ameliorant of acidic sandy soils under continental climatic conditions. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
The ‘radiographer–referrer game’: image interpretation dynamics in rural practice
Authors: Squibb Kathryn , Smith Anthony , Dalton Lisa , Bull Rosalind M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIntroductionEffective interprofessional communication is intrinsic to safe health care. Despite the identified positive impact of collaborative radiographic interpretation between rural radiographers and referrers, communication difficulties still exist. This article describes the strategies that Australian rural radiographers use for communication of their radiographic opinion to the referring doctor.MethodsIn a two‐phase interpretive doctoral study completed in 2012, data were collected from radiographers working in rural New South Wales, Western Australia and Tasmania using a paper based questionnaire followed by in‐depth semistructured interviews. Data were analysed thematically in order to identify, analyse and report the emergent themes.ResultsThe overarching theme was Patient Advocacy, where in the interest of patient care radiographers took measures to ensure that a referring doctor did not miss radiographic abnormalities. Strong interprofessional relationships enabled direct communication pathways. Interprofessional boundaries shaped by historical hierarchical relationships, together with a lack of confidence and educational preparation for radiographic interpretation result in barriers to direct communication pathways. These barriers prompted radiographers to pursue indirect communication pathways, such as side‐stepping and hint and hope.ConclusionA lack of formal communication pathways and educational preparation for this role has resulted in radiographers playing the radiographer–referrer game to overtly or covertly assist referrers in reaching a radiographic diagnosis. The findings from this study may be used to plan interventions for strengthening interprofessional communication pathways and improve quality of healthcare for patients.
Knee and ankle biomechanics with lateral wedges with and without a custom arch support in those with medial knee osteoarthritis and flat feet
Authors: Hatfield Gillian L. , Cochrane Christopher K. , Takacs Judit , Krowchuk Natasha M. , Chang Ryan , Hinman Rana S. , Hunt Michael A. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTThis study compared immediate changes in knee and ankle/subtalar biomechanics with lateral wedge orthotics with and without custom arch support in people with knee osteoarthritis and flat feet. Twenty‐six participants with radiographic evidence of medial knee osteoarthritis (22 females; age 64.0 years [SD 8.0 years], BMI 27.2 kg/m2 [4.2]) and flat feet (median foot posture index = + 5) underwent three‐dimensional gait analysis for three conditions: Control (no orthotic), lateral wedge, and lateral wedge plus arch support. Condition order was randomized. Outcomes included frontal plane knee and ankle/subtalar biomechanics, and comfort. Compared to the control, lateral wedge and lateral wedge with arch support reduced the knee adduction moment impulse by 8% and 6%, respectively (p < 0.05). However, the lateral wedge resulted in a more everted foot position (4.3 degrees) than lateral wedge plus arch support (3.2 degrees) (p < 0.05). In contrast, lateral wedge plus arch support reduced foot frontal plane excursion compared to other conditions (p < 0.05). Participants self‐reported significantly more immediate comfort with lateral wedge plus arch support compared to the control, whereas there was no difference in self‐reported comfort between lateral wedge and control. No immediate changes in knee pain were observed in any condition. Clinical significance: Rather than prescribing lateral wedges to all patients with knee osteoarthritis, those who have medial knee osteoarthritis and flat feet may prefer to use the combined orthotic to reduce loads across the knee, and to minimize the risk of foot and ankle symptoms as a consequence of orthotic treatment. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1597–1605, 2016.
Tuber proteome comparison of five potato varieties by principal component analysis
Authors: de Mello Carla Souza , Van Dijk Jeroen P , Voorhuijzen Marleen , Kok Esther J , Arisi Ana Carolina Maisonnave 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDData analysis of omics data should be performed by multivariate analysis such as principal component analysis (PCA). The way data are clustered in PCA is of major importance to develop some classification systems based on multivariate analysis, such as soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA). In a previous study a one‐class classifier based on SIMCA was built using microarray data from a set of potatoes. The PCA grouped the transcriptomic data according to varieties. The present work aimed to use PCA to verify the clustering of the proteomic profiles for the same potato varieties.RESULTSProteomic profiles of five potato varieties (Biogold, Fontane, Innovator, Lady Rosetta and Maris Piper) were evaluated by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE) performed on two immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strip lengths, 13 and 24 cm, both under pH range 4–7. For each strip length, two gels were prepared from each variety; in total there were ten gels per analysis. For 13 cm strips, 199–320 spots were detected per gel, and for 24 cm strips, 365–684 spots.CONCLUSIONAll four PCAs performed with these datasets presented clear grouping of samples according to the varieties. The data presented here showed that PCA was applicable for proteomic analysis of potato and was able to separate the samples by varieties. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
The impact of mammographic screening on the surgical management of breast cancer
Authors: James Ted A. , Wade Jacqueline E. , Sprague Brian L. 
Published: January 2016

Background and ObjectivesMammographic screening has been shown to result in downward stage migration, reflected by smaller tumor sizes and less extensive nodal involvement. National guidelines restrict screening recommendations in women age 40–49. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the specific impact of mammographic screening patterns on the surgical management of breast cancer in women aged 40–49.MethodsThe study is a population‐based retrospective review of the Vermont Breast Cancer Surveillance System of women aged 40–49 with a diagnosis of breast cancer. Tumor stage and related characteristics at the time of diagnosis, as well as the type of surgical intervention performed were recorded for women presenting with screen‐detected versus non‐screen‐detected breast cancer.ResultsScreen‐detected breast cancers in women aged 40–49 were associated with a greater incidence of DCIS, smaller invasive tumor size, fewer cases of positive nodes, and higher rates of breast conservation compared to non‐screened women presenting with symptomatic disease.ConclusionsMammographic screening is associated with less aggressive surgical treatment of breast cancer including higher rates of breast conservation. The observed changes in surgical management should factor into individual decision‐making regarding screening mammography. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:496–500. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Short‐term Experimental Fire Effects in Soil and Water Losses in Southern of Spain
Authors: Martínez‐Murillo Juan Francisco , Hueso‐González Paloma , Ruiz‐Sinoga Jose Damián , Lavee Hanoch 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis study deals with the experimental fire effects in overland flow and soil erosion at plot scale and considering rainfall erosivity. The study was conducted in from May 2011 to Dec 2013. Six plots of 12‐m length and 2‐m width are considered: four of them were burned, whilst two of them remained in natural conditions. Overland flow was collected in deposits of 250 L after each rainfall event, measured at a meteorological station. Larger rainfall intensities and erosivity were registered after summer and, thus, overland flow and sediment yield, but one order of magnitude higher in the burned plots than in the unburned ones. Especially, the difference in overland flow and soil loss between both set of plots were nearly three folds larger whether the rainfall intensity exceeded 30 mm h−1 during 15‐min intensity. It is remarkable that the most erosive event generating the maximum values of overland flow and soil loss was registered 16 months after the experimental fire when a rainfall event of 99·2 mm h−1 occurred. This delay is considered as consequence of soil surface conditions and ash cover. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polydopamine‐Decorated Sticky, Water‐Friendly, Biodegradable Polycaprolactone Cell Carriers
Authors: Kim Minhee , Kim Jung‐Suk , Lee Haeshin , Jang Jae‐Hyung 
Published: January 2016

A bioinspired adhesive material, polydopamine (pDA), was employed as an interfacial glue to stably immobilize human neural stem cells (hNSCs) on the external surface of biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) microspheres, thereby serving as versatile key systems that can be used for cell carriers. The pDA decoration on the PCL microspheres has been resulted in robust hNSC immobilization as well as proliferation on their curved surfaces. The pDA coating has transformed the hydrophobic PCL systems toward water‐friendly and sticky characteristics, thereby resulting in full dispersion in aqueous solution and stable adherence onto a wet biological surface. Adeno‐associated virus, a safe gene vector capable of effectively regulating cell behaviors, can be decorated on the PCL surfaces and delivered efficiently to hNSCs adhered to the microsphere exteriors. These distinctive multiple benefits of the sticky pDA microspheres can provide core technologies that can boost the therapeutic effects of cell therapy approaches.
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Gut Feelings About α‐Synuclein in Gastrointestinal Biopsies: Biomarker in the Making?
Authors: Ruffmann Claudio , Parkkinen Laura 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTIn recent years, several studies have investigated the potential of immunohistochemical detection of α‐synuclein in the gastrointestinal tract to diagnose Parkinson's disease (PD). Although methodological heterogeneity has hindered comparability between studies, it has become increasingly apparent that the high sensitivity and specificity reported in preliminary studies has not been sustained in subsequent large‐scale studies. What constitutes pathological α‐synuclein in the alimentary canal that could distinguish between PD patients and controls and how this can be reliably detected represent key outstanding questions in the field. In this review, we will comment on and compare the variable technical aspects from previous studies, and by highlighting some advantages and shortcomings we hope to delineate a standardized approach to facilitate the consensus criteria urgently needed in the field. Furthermore, we will describe alternative detection techniques to conventional immunohistochemistry that have recently emerged and may facilitate ease of interpretation and reliability of gastrointestinal α‐synuclein detection. Such techniques have the potential to detect the presence of pathological α‐synuclein and include the paraffin‐embedded tissue blot, the proximity ligation assay, the protein misfolding cyclic amplification technique, and the real‐time quaking‐induced conversion assay. Finally, we will review 2 nonsynonymous theories that have driven enteric α‐synuclein research, namely, (1) that α‐synuclein propagates in a prion‐like fashion from the peripheral nervous system to the brain via vagal connections and (2) that gastrointestinal α‐synuclein deposition may be used as a clinically useful biomarker in PD. © 2016 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.