bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electroosmotic flow measurements in a freely suspended liquid film: Experimhents and numerical simulations
Authors: Hussein Sheik Abdulkadir , Bandulasena Himiyage Chaminda Hemaka , Starov Victor , Trybala Anna 
Published: March 2017

AbstractFluid flow profiles in free liquid films stabilised by anionic and cationic surfactants under an external electric field were investigated. Depthwise velocity fields were measured at the mid region of the free liquid film by confocal micron‐resolution particle image velocimetry and corresponding numerical simulations were performed using Finite Element Method to model the system. Depthwise change in velocity profiles was observed with electroosmotic flow dominating in the vicinity of the gas–liquid and solid–liquid interfaces while backpressure drives fluid in the opposite direction at the core of the film. It was also found that the direction of the flow at various sections of the films depends on the type of surfactant used, but flow features remained the same. Numerical simulations predicted the flow profiles with reasonable accuracy; however, asymmetry of the actual film geometry caused deviations at the top half of the computational domain. Overall, electroosmotic flow profiles within a free liquid film are similar to that of the closed‐end solid microchannel. However, the flow direction and features of the velocity profiles can be changed by selecting various types of surfactants. The free liquid films thickness was selected to match dimensions of foam Plateau border. Hence, these findings will be useful in developing a separation system based on foam electrokinetics.
[TC2015] applicability of medium boiling fraction of flash pyrolysis condensates in phenolic resins
Authors: Conrad Stefan , Westermeyer Jan , Schulzke Tim 
Published: March 2017

Fossil‐based phenol is used to a large extend to produce phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resins, which are most commonly applied in engineered wood products such as plywood. Pyrolysis oil from straw pyrolysis might be a suitable bio‐based substitute for such applications. By staged condensation of flash pyrolysis vapors, a phenolic monomers concentrated fraction could be produced. This fraction was used for the production of several PF resins with different recipes and degrees of substitution. Resulting resins were analyzed for free formaldehyde and dynamic viscosity as well as being characterized by curing behavior within a differential scanning calorimetry experiment. Finally, tensile strength specimen samples were made for testing according DIN EN 205. Bioresin tensile strength was found to lay in the range of 7–8 N/mm2, which is below but close to the minimum value of 10 N/mm2 for wood adhesive application. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 662–667, 2017
Electrospun biodegradable microfibers induce new collagen formation in a rat abdominal wall defect model: A possible treatment for pelvic floor repair?
Authors: Glindtvad Cecilie , Chen Menglin , Vinge Nygaard Jens , Wogensen Lise , Forman Axel , Danielsen Carl Christian , Taskin Mehmet Berat , Andersson Karl‐Erik , Axelsen Susanne Maigaard 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHalf of the female population over age 50 years will experience pelvic organ prolapse. We suggest a new approach based on tissue engineering principles to functionally reconstruct the anatomical structures of the pelvic floor. The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanical performance and effect on collagen and elastin production of a degradable mesh releasing basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Implantation of biodegradable mesh with or without bFGF in their core has been conducted in 40 rats in an abdominal wall defect model. Samples were explanted after 4, 8, and 24 weeks, and tested for mechanical properties and the composition of connective tissue. The study showed an increase in mRNA expression for collagen‐I (p = 0.0060) and collagen‐III (p = 0.0086) in the 4 weeks group with bFGF. The difference was equalized at 8 and 24 weeks. No difference was found at any time for protein amount for collagen‐I, collagen‐III, and fibronectin. The amount of collagen decreased from 4 to 24 weeks but the fraction of collagen increased. The maximal load of the newly formed tissue showed no effect of bFGF at any time. Exclusively, histology showed a limited ingrowth of collagen fibers after 4 weeks with bFGF but signs of elastin fibers were seen at 24 weeks. The investigation showed that a biodegradable mesh promotes tissue formation with a promising strength. The mesh with bFGF did not represent any advantage on either long or short term in comparison to the mesh without bFGF. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 680–688, 2018.
Cartilage-Specific Autophagy Deficiency Promotes ER Stress and Impairs Chondrogenesis in PERK-ATF4-CHOP–Dependent Manner
Authors: Kang Xiaomin , Yang Wei , Feng Dongxu , Jin Xinxin , Ma Zhengmin , Qian Zhuang , Xie Tianping , Li Huixia , Liu Jiali , Wang Ruiqi , Li Fang , Li Danhui , Sun Hongzhi , Wu Shufang 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Autophagy is activated during nutritionally depleted or hypoxic conditions to facilitate cell survival. Because growth plate is an avascular and hypoxic tissue, autophagy may have a crucial role during chondrogenesis; however, the functional role and underlying mechanism of autophagy in regulation of growth plate remains elusive. In this study, we generated TamCartAtg7–/– (Atg7cKO) mice to explore the role of autophagy during endochondral ossification. Atg7cKO mice exhibited growth retardation associated with reduced chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation, and increased chondrocyte apoptosis. Meanwhile, we observed that Atg7 ablation mainly induced the PERK-ATF4-CHOP axis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response in growth plate chondrocytes. Although Atg7 ablation induced ER stress in growth plate chondrocytes, the addition of phenylbutyric acid (PBA), a chemical chaperone known to attenuate ER stress, partly neutralized such effects of Atg7 ablation on longitudinal bone growth, indicating the causative interaction between autophagy and ER stress in growth plate. Consistent with these findings in vivo, we also observed that Atg7 ablation in cultured chondrocytes resulted in defective autophagy, elevated ER stress, decreased chondrocytes proliferation, impaired expression of col10a1, MMP­13, and VEGFA for chondrocyte differentiation, and increased chondrocyte apoptosis, while such effects were partly nullified by reduction of ER stress with PBA. In addition, Atg7 ablation-mediated impaired chondrocyte function (chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis) was partly reversed in CHOP–/– cells, indicating the causative role of the PERK-ATF4-CHOP axis of the ER stress response in the action of autophagy deficiency in chondrocytes. In conclusion, our findings indicate that autophagy deficiency may trigger ER stress in growth plate chondrocytes and contribute to growth retardation, thus implicating autophagy as an important regulator during chondrogenesis and providing new insights into the clinical potential of autophagy in cartilage homeostasis. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Evaluation of myocardial microcirculation using intravoxel incoherent motion imaging
Authors: Mou Anna , Zhang Chen , Li Mengying , Jin Fengqiang , Song Qingwei , Liu Ailian , Li Zhiyong 
Published: March 2017

PurposeTo explore whether cardiac magnetic resonance‐intravoxel incoherent motion imaging (MR‐IVIM) is feasible for the clinical evaluation of myocardial microcirculation.Materials and MethodsThe study included 30 patients (with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or combined diabetes and hypertension) and 34 healthy volunteers. MR‐IVIM with a maximum gradient strength of 50 mT/m was performed on the left ventricular short axis (apex, middle, and base), using multiple b values (0–500 s/mm2) on a 3.0T MR scanner. MR‐IVIM parameters of the left ventricle included apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)slow, ADCfast, and f (fraction of ADCfast). With a double‐blind design, the image quality and IVIM parameters were assessed by two cardiovascular radiologists at 1‐month intervals. Participants were stratified into two groups (failure or success), based on criteria for success of MR‐IVIM acquisition. The heart rate of each participant was recorded.ResultsThe success rates for image acquisition were 68.23% (131/192) overall, with the healthy group (74.51% [76/102]) significantly higher than the patient group (61.11% [55/90]). The mean heart rate was significantly higher in the failure group than the success group. The two radiologists were comparable in quality evaluations of the images (kappa = 0.82). Both the interobserver and intraobserver reliability for IVIM parameters were excellent for patients and healthy volunteers (intraclass correlation coefficient >0.8). However, the left ventricle myocardial ADCfast of each patient group was significantly lower than that of the healthy volunteers.ConclusionMR‐IVIM could noninvasively assess human myocardial microcirculation, but challenges remain before this method can be applied in the clinic.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1818–1828.
The opinions of radiographers, nuclear medicine technologists and radiation therapists regarding technology in health care: a qualitative study
Authors: Aarts Sil , Cornelis Forra , Zevenboom Yke , Brokken Patrick , van de Griend Nicole , Spoorenberg Miriam , ten Bokum Wendy , Wouters Eveline 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroductionNew technology is continuously introduced in health care. The aim of this study was (1) to collect the opinions and experiences of radiographers, nuclear medicine technologists and radiation therapists regarding the technology they use in their profession and (2) to acquire their views regarding the role of technology in their future practice.MethodsParticipants were recruited from five departments in five hospitals in The Netherlands. All radiographers, nuclear medicine therapists and radiation therapists who were working in these departments were invited to participate (n = 252). The following topics were discussed: technology in daily work, training in using technology and the role of technology in future practice. The recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using open and axial coding.ResultsA total of 52 participants (57.7% radiographer) were included, 19 men and 33 women (age range: 20–63). Four major themes emerged: (1) technology as an indispensable factor, (2) engagement, support and training in using technology, (3) transitions in work and (4) the radiographer of the future. All participants not only value technological developments to perform their occupations, but also aspects such as documentation and physical support. When asked about the future of their profession, contradictory answers were provided; while some expect less autonomy, others belief they will get more autonomy in their work.ConclusionTechnology plays a major role in all three occupations. All participants believe that technology should be in the best interests of patients. Being involved in the implementation of new technology is of utmost importance; courses and training, facilitated by the managers of the departments, should play a major role. Only when a constant dialogue exists between health care professionals and their managers, in which they discuss their experiences, needs and expectations, technology can be implemented in a safe and effective manner. This, in turn, might positively influence quality of care.
Phosphorylated FADD is not prognostic for local control in T1‐T2 supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma treated with radiotherapy
Authors: Wachters Jan E. , Schrijvers Michiel L. , Slagter‐Menkema Lorian , Mastik Mirjam , Langendijk Johannes A. , de Bock Geertruida H. , Roodenburg Jan L. , van der Laan Bernard F.A.M. , van der Wal Jacqueline E. , Schuuring Ed 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveThe Fas‐Associated Death Domain (FADD) gene is located in the chromosome 11q13‐region and frequently is amplified in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Expression of FADD and its phosphorylated isoform (pFADD) have been associated with aggressive tumor growth, lymph node metastasis, and overall survival. Previously, we demonstrated that pFADD expression was related to a significantly improved local control in early stage (tumor [T]1 to T2) glottic laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). The aim of this study was to examine the prognostic value of pFADD and FADD in T1 to T2 supraglottic LSCC treated with primarily radiotherapy.MethodsTumor tissue sections of 60 patients with T1 to T2 supraglottic LSCC treated with primarily radiotherapy were assessed immunohistochemically for expression of pFADD and FADD. Expression percentages and clinical parameters and their associations with clinical outcome were studied using Cox regression and Kaplan‐Meier survival analyses. Expression percentages in supraglottic and glottic LSCC were compared using the Mann‐Whitney U test.ResultsExpression of pFADD and FADD in supraglottic and glottic LSCC did not significantly differ. In supraglottic LSCC, both pFADD and FADD did not show prognostic value for local control (hazard ratio [HR] 1.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.98–1.03; HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.60–1.78, respectively) and overall survival (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.98–1.01; HR 1.19, 95% CI 0.83–1.71 respectively). In this cohort, lymph node status was the best predictor for local control (HR 3.73, 95% CI 1.30–10.67).ConclusionIn this homogeneous cohort of T1 to T2 supraglottic LSCC primarily treated with radiotherapy, lymph node status was associated with local recurrence, whereas the expression of pFADD was not.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 127:E301–E307, 2017
On the role of solar photovoltaics in global energy transition scenarios
Authors: Breyer Christian , Bogdanov Dmitrii , Gulagi Ashish , Aghahosseini Arman , Barbosa Larissa S.N.S. , Koskinen Otto , Barasa Maulidi , Caldera Upeksha , Afanasyeva Svetlana , Child Michael , Farfan Javier , Vainikka Pasi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe global energy system has to be transformed towards high levels of sustainability in order to comply with the COP21 agreement. Solar photovoltaic (PV) offers excellent characteristics to play a major role in this energy transition. The key objective of this work is to investigate the role of PV in the global energy transition based on respective scenarios and a newly introduced energy transition model developed by the authors. A progressive group of energy transition scenarios present results of a fast growth of installed PV capacities and a high energy supply share of solar energy to the total primary energy demand in the world in the decades to come. These progressive energy transition scenarios can be confirmed. For the very first time, a full hourly modelling for an entire year is performed for the world, subdivided in 145 sub‐regions, which is required to reflect the intermittent character of the future energy system. The model derives total installed solar PV capacity requirements of 7.1–9.1 TWp for the electricity sector (as of the year 2015) and 27.4 TWp for the entire energy system in the mid‐term. The long‐term capacity is expected to be 42 TWp and, because of the ongoing cost reduction of PV and battery technologies, this value is found to be the lower limit for the installed capacities. Solar PV electricity is expected to be the largest, least cost and most relevant source of energy in the mid‐term to long‐term for the global energy supply. Copyright © The Authors. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Quantitative preparation of allyl telechelic polyisobutylene under reflux conditions
Authors: Deodhar Tejal J. , Keszler Balazs L. , Kennedy Joseph P. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTAllyl telechelic polyisobutylene (allyl‐PIB‐allyl) is of great commercial and scientific interest produced by living polymerization of isobutylene followed by functionalization (allylation with allyltrimethylsilane) under external cooling, typically to −78 °C. Cooling is cumbersome and costly, and temperature control is far from ideal. Herein we describe the quantitative preparation of allyl‐PIB‐allyl under ideal internal temperature control at ∼−40 °C using refluxing propane/methyl chloride mixtures. The exact composition of the nonpolar/polar solvents and polymerization time crucially affect product quality. Well‐defined allyl‐PIB‐allyl is obtained using 60/40 (v/v) refluxing propane/methyl chloride and terminating not more than 5 min after monomer depletion. In pure refluxing propane or methyl chloride, or at longer reaction times, byproducts form that compromise product quality. A mechanism is presented to explain the observations. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 1784–1789
Transport and thermoelectric properties of magnetic organic chains
Authors: Zberecki K. , Swirkowicz R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractUsing ab initio methods, we study transport and thermoelectric phenomena of magnetic organic chains containing nitroxide groups. We demonstrate that such systems appear to be half‐metallic ferromagnets with considerable energy gap between spin‐up and spin‐down channels. This means that an appropriate device could act as a very effective spin filter and its polarization may be changed with use of the gate voltage. Also, we predict very good thermoelectric performance of the structure, as the conventional and spin Seebeck coefficients are remarkably enhanced. These results suggest that magnetic organic chains would have a great potential for applications in spintronic devices.
Ursodeoxycholic Acid Suppresses Lipogenesis in Mouse Liver: Possible Role of the Decrease in β‐Muricholic Acid, a Farnesoid X Receptor Antagonist
Authors: Fujita Kyosuke , Iguchi Yusuke , Une Mizuho , Watanabe Shiro 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a major nuclear receptor of bile acids; its activation suppresses sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 1c (SREBP1c)‐mediated lipogenesis and decreases the lipid contents in the liver. There are many reports showing that the administration of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) suppresses lipogenesis and reduces the lipid contents in the liver of experimental animals. Since UDCA is not recognized as an FXR agonist, these effects of UDCA cannot be readily explained by its direct activation of FXR. We observed that the dietary administration of UDCA in mice decreased the expression levels of SREBP1c and its target lipogenic genes. Alpha‐ and β‐muricholic acids (MCA) and cholic acid (CA) were the major bile acids in the mouse liver but their contents decreased upon UDCA administration. The hepatic contents of chenodeoxycholic acid and deoxycholic acid (DCA) were relatively low but were not changed by UDCA. UDCA did not show FXR agonistic or antagonistic potency in in vitro FXR transactivation assay. Taking these together, we deduced that the above‐mentioned change in hepatic bile acid composition induced upon UDCA administration might cause the relative increase in the FXR activity in the liver, mainly by the reduction in the content of β‐MCA, a farnesoid X receptor antagonist, which suggests a mechanism by which UDCA suppresses lipogenesis and decreases the lipid contents in the mouse liver.
Appendico-cutaneous fistula following hysterectomy: first case report
Authors: Brenner Antonio Sérgio , Baldin Antonio , Molteni Rafaela , Lima Renata Fróes Ramos de , Freitas Lígia Heinrichs , Sartor Maria Cristina , Neves Emerson Luis 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAppendico-cutaneous fistulas not related to acute appendicitis or cancer are rare and show spontaneous resolution after conservative treatment, mainly when they show low output, absence of obstruction or sepsis and in patients with good nutritional status. We found no report in the literature on appendico-cutaneous fistula after hysterectomy. The evolution of this case shows that this type of fistula can have low, but persistent debt, requiring definitive surgery.
Cartas al editor de autores cubanos en revistas médicas indizadas en Scopus
Authors: Alhuay-Quispe Joel , Hernandez Ronald M. 
Published: March 2017

Leímos con interés el artículo Producción científica estudiantil en revistas médicas cubanas 1995-2014. Primera etapa que encuentra escasa participación de estudiantes cubanos de ciencias médicas en revistas locales, y destaca que no hay colaboración entre universidades cubanas y extranjeras.
Neuraxial blocks and spinal haematoma: Review of 166 cases published 1994 – 2015. Part 2: diagnosis, treatment, and outcome
Authors: Lagerkranser Michael , Lindquist Christer 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Background
Bleeding into the vertebral canal causing a spinal haematoma (SH) is a rare but serious complication to central neuraxial blocks (CNB). Of all serious complications to CNBs, neurological injury associated with SH has the worst prognosis. Around the turn of the millennium, the first guidelines aiming to reduce the risk of this complication were published. These guidelines are based on known risk factors for SH, rather than evidence from randomized, controlled trials (RCTs). RCTs, and hence meta-analysis of RCTs, are not appropriate for identifying rare events. Analysing data from a significant number of published case reports of rare complications may reveal risk factors and patterns undetectable in reports on occasional cases, and can thereby help to improve management of CNBs. The aims of the present review were to analyse case reports of SH after CNBs published between 1994 and 2015 with regard to diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of SH after CNB.

Methods
MEDLINE and EMBASE were utilized to find case reports published in English, German, or Scandinavian languages between 1994 and end of 2015, using appropriate search terms. Reference lists were also scrutinized for case reports. We documented initial and worst symptoms and signs of SH, diagnostic methods, treatment, and outcome of the SH. We calculated occurrences in per cent using the number of informative reports as denominator.

Results
One hundred and sixty-six case reports on spinal hematomas after CNB published during the years between 1994 and 2015 were identified. Eighty per cent of the patients had severe neurological symptoms (paresis or paralysis). When compared over time, outcomes have improved significantly. Among patients subjected to surgical evacuation of the hematoma, outcomes were best if surgery was performed within 12 hours from the firstsign of motor dysfunction. However, even patients operated after more than 24 hours had relatively favourable outcomes. Whereas the outcomes after surgical evacuation of the epidural haematomas were quite satisfactory, only one of the operations for subdural haematoma (SSDH) resulted in a favourable outcome.

Conclusions and implications
Suspicion of a spinal hematoma calls for the consultation of an orthopaedic or neurological surgeon without delay. MRI is the recommended diagnostic tool. Surgical evacuation within 12 h from the first sign of motor dysfunction seems to lead to the best outcome, although many patients operated as late as after more than 24 hours did regain full motor function. Despite the poor prognosis after surgical evacuation of SSDH, the outcomes after post-CNB spinal haematoma in general have improved significantly over time.