bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum galectin‐3 levels and delirium among postpartum intensive care unit women
Authors: Zhu Ying , Hu Wei , Zhu Ming‐Li , Yin Ting , Su Jun , Wang Jian‐Rong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveInflammation correlates with delirium. Galectin‐3 is a proinflammatory protein. This study aimed to determine relation of serum galectin‐3 levels to delirium of postpartum intensive care unit (ICU) women.Materials and MethodsIn this prospective observational study, serum galectin‐3, S100B, and C‐reactive protein levels of 412 postpartum ICU women and 412 healthy women were measured. Delirium and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Care Evaluation II (APCHCE II) scores were recorded.ResultsSerum levels of galectin‐3, S100B, and C‐reactive protein were significantly elevated in the postpartum women than in the healthy women. Galectin‐3 levels were highly associated with APCHCE II scores and S100B and C‐reactive protein levels. Galectin‐3, C‐reactive protein, and S100B levels and APCHCE II scores were identified as independent predictors for delirium. Area under the curve (AUC) of serum galectin‐3 levels was similar to that of S100B levels, and significantly exceeded those of C‐reactive protein levels and APCHCE II scores. Moreover, galectin‐3 significantly improved the AUCs of APCHCE II scores, S100B levels, and C‐reactive protein levels.ConclusionsGalectin‐3, involved in inflammatory process underlying delirium‐related brain injury, might be a potential biomarker to predict delirium of postpartum ICU women.
A novel p.T139M mutation in HSPB1 highlighting the phenotypic spectrum in a family
Authors: Amornvit Jakkrit , Yalvac Mehmet E. , Chen Lei , Sahenk Zarife 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIntroductionMutations in the HSPB1 gene encoding the small heat shock protein B1 are associated with an autosomal dominant, axonal form of Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease 2F (CMT2F) and distal hereditary motor neuropathy. Recently, distal myopathy had been described in a patient carrying HSPB1 mutation adding to the complexity of phenotypes resulting from HSPB1 mutations.MethodsFive patients in a family with concerns of hereditary neuropathy were included. Detailed clinical examinations, including assessments of motor and sensory function, and electrophysiological data were obtained. Genetic analysis was requested through a commercial laboratory. In vitro studies were carried out to assess the pathogenicity of the novel mutation found in this family studies.ResultsAll patients carried a novel mutation, c.146 C>T (p.T139M), substitution in the α‐crystallin domain of HSPB1 causing a clinical phenotype with hyperreflexia and intrafamilial variability, from muscle cramps as the only presenting symptom to a classic CMT phenotype. In vitro studies showed that cells expressing HSPB1‐T139M displayed decreased cell viability with increased expression of apoptosis markers. Moreover, overexpression of the mutant, not the wild‐type HSPB1, caused formation of congophilic aggregates.ConclusionsIn vitro findings strongly support the pathogenicity of this novel mutation. We propose that Congo red histochemical stain may serve as a simple screening tool for investigating if the aggregates in mutant cells have misfolded β‐pleated sheet secondary structures.
The impact of hemodynamic variability and signal mixing on the identifiability of effective connectivity structures in BOLD fMRI
Authors: Bielczyk Natalia Z. , Llera Alberto , Buitelaar Jan K. , Glennon Jeffrey C. , Beckmann Christian F. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPurposeMultiple computational studies have demonstrated that essentially all current analytical approaches to determine effective connectivity perform poorly when applied to synthetic functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) datasets. In this study, we take a theoretical approach to investigate the potential factors facilitating and hindering effective connectivity research in fMRI.Materials and MethodsIn this work, we perform a simulation study with use of Dynamic Causal Modeling generative model in order to gain new insights on the influence of factors such as the slow hemodynamic response, mixed signals in the network and short time series, on the effective connectivity estimation in fMRI studies.ResultsFirst, we perform a Linear Discriminant Analysis study and find that not the hemodynamics itself but mixed signals in the neuronal networks are detrimental to the signatures of distinct connectivity patterns. This result suggests that for statistical methods (which do not involve lagged signals), deconvolving the BOLD responses is not necessary, but at the same time, functional parcellation into Regions of Interest (ROIs) is essential. Second, we study the impact of hemodynamic variability on the inference with use of lagged methods. We find that the local hemodynamic variability provide with an upper bound on the success rate of the lagged methods. Furthermore, we demonstrate that upsampling the data to TRs lower than the TRs in state‐of‐the‐art datasets does not influence the performance of the lagged methods.ConclusionsFactors such as background scale‐free noise and hemodynamic variability have a major impact on the performance of methods for effective connectivity research in functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
A hybrid method for overlapping speech detection in classroom environment
Authors: Jiang Dazhi , Chen Yifei , Garg Akhil 
Published: July 2017

AbstractClassroom discourse, which is a major composition of classroom, contains a slew of useful information such as providing the feedback to the teachers may lead to an improvement of the teaching quality. Generally, the classroom discourse can be divided into four categories/activities: teacher discourse, student discourse, quiet, and discussion. The automatic classification of activities provides a practical way to deal with the classroom discourse. However, the recognition of the discussion activity (a kind of overlapping speech) poses a great challenge to the treatment of the classroom discourse analysis. Therefore, in this paper, a new hybrid method based on the silence distribution and Independent Component Analysis (ICA) was proposed for the detection of overlapping speech. The results were found to be satisfactory and in good agreement with an experimental data. Based on these experimental results, the performance of the speaker segment of classroom event can be efficiently analyzed.
Synthesis and Characterization of 2,2′‐Dinitramino‐5,5′‐bi(1‐oxa‐3,4‐diazole) and Derivatives as Economic and Highly Dense Energetic Materials
Authors: Hermann Tobias S. , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Klapötke Thomas M. , Stierstorfer Jörg 
Published: July 2017

Abstract2,2′‐Dinitramino‐5,5′‐bi(1‐oxa‐3,4‐diazole) (2) is a new highly energetic material with superior calculated detonation performance in comparison to cyclo‐1,3,5‐trimethylene‐2,4,6‐trinitramine (RDX) and penta‐erythritoltetranitrate (PETN) and can be prepared by an economical and practical two‐step synthesis. The starting material 2,2′‐diamino‐5,5′‐bi(1‐oxa‐3,4‐diazole) (1) is synthesized by the reaction of oxalyl dihydrazide with cyanogen bromide. Nitration of 1 yields the title compound in perfect yield and purity. The combination of its high density of 1.986 g cm−3, the positive heat of formation (+190 kJ mol−1), and a slightly positive oxygen balance (+6.2 %) results in ideal calculated detonation parameters (e.g. detonation velocity 9296 m s−1). The sensitivities toward impact and friction can be adjusted by deprotonation and formation of corresponding nitrogen‐rich salts, for example, ammonium (3), hydroxylammonium (4), and guanidinium (5) salts.
Hierarchical Hybrids Integrated by Dual Polypyrrole‐Based Porous Carbons for Enhanced Capacitive Performance
Authors: Li Zhiwei , Chen Nannan , Mi Hongyu , Ma Junhong , Xie Yahong , Qiu Jieshan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractArchitectural design of nitrogenous polymer‐based carbons represents a facile and efficient strategy to improve performance because of their morphological diversity, tailorability, and N‐containing structure. In this research, 0D and 1D forms of polypyrrole‐derived porous carbons (A‐PCS and A‐PCT, respectively) are first integrated into nitrogen‐doped hierarchically porous A‐PCS/PCT hybrids by applying an easy multistep method. This integration, along with chemical activation, prevents serious agglomeration of carbon particles or tubes and creates a connected porous network structure, leading to improved textural properties (high surface area of 1684 m2 g−1, high pore volume of 1.57 cm3 g−1, and hierarchical porosity). Thus, A‐PCS/PCT hybrids in a three‐electrode setup reach high specific capacitances of 224 and 206 F g−1 at 1 and 20 A g−1, respectively, with high rate capability (92 % capacitance retention). A symmetrical supercapacitor with A‐PCS/PCT electrodes presents the highest power and energy densities of 12.6 kW kg−1 and 8.58 Wh kg−1, respectively, and exceptional cycling life and stability with 92.4 % retention for up to 20 000 cycles. This study on conductive polymer‐based hybrid materials may guide the design of architectures with new structures for applications in energy storage and conversion technologies.
Structural Insights into Borates with an Anion‐Templated Open‐Framework Configuration: Asymmetric K2BaB16O26 versus Centrosymmetric K3CsB20O32 and Na2M2NB18O30 (M=Rb, Cs; N=Ba, Pb)
Authors: Mutailipu Miriding , Zhang Min , Su Xin , Yang Zhihua , Chen Yanna , Pan Shilie 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFive new mixed‐metal borate crystals, namely, K2BaB16O26, K3CsB20O32, Na2Cs2BaB18O30, Na2Rb2PbB18O30, and Na2Cs2PbB18O30, have been synthesized by the high‐temperature solution method. These structures were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and their B−O configurations are shown to feature complicated three‐dimensional (3D) open‐framework structures incorporating different types of channels. For all five compounds, the frameworks can be reduced to four‐connected (4‐c) uninodal nets with sra‐, dia‐ and nbo‐type topologies by assigning the [B5O10]5− and [B3O7]5− clusters as basic nodes. First‐principles calculations have shown that the multiple cations in mixed‐metal borates influence the ground‐state electronic structures and associated optical absorptions. In addition, the crystal structures, thermal stabilities, and IR spectra of the title compounds have also been performed.
Reversible Pressure‐Controlled Depolymerization of a Copper(II)‐Containing Coordination Polymer
Authors: Clegg Jack K. , Brock Aidan J. , Jolliffe Katrina A. , Lindoy Leonard F. , Parsons Simon , Tasker Peter A. , White Fraser J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA unique pressure‐induced Cu−N bond breaking/bond forming reaction is reported. The variation of pressure on a single crystal of a one‐dimensional copper‐ (II)‐containing coordination polymer (Cu2L2(1‐methylpiperazine)2]n, where H2L is 1,1′‐(1,3‐phenylene)‐bis(4,4‐dimethylpentane‐1,3‐dione)), was monitored using single crystal X‐ray diffraction with the aid of a diamond anvil cell. At a very low elevated pressure (≈0.05 GPa) a remarkable reversible phase change was observed. The phase change results in the depolymerization of the material through the cleavage and formation of axial Cu−N bonds as well as “ring flips” of individual axially coordinated 1‐methylpiperazine ligands. Overall, the pressure‐induced phase change is associated with a surprising (and non‐intuitive) shift in structure‐from a 1‐dimensional coordination polymer to a discrete dinuclear complex.
Chromatographic profiles of tryptophan and kynurenine enantiomers derivatized with (S)‐4‐(3‐isothiocyanatopyrrolidin‐1‐yl)‐7‐(N,N‐dimethylaminosulfonyl)‐2,1,3‐benzoxadiazole using LC–MS/MS on a triazole‐bonded column
Authors: Iizuka Hideaki , Harashima Takahiro , Takahashi Shuhei , Kuwabara Ryosuke , Naito Yoko , Sakamoto Tatsuya , Onozato Mayu , Ichiba Hideaki , Fukushima Takeshi 
Published: July 2017

Abstractd‐ and l‐Tryptophan (Trp) and d‐ and l‐kynurenine (KYN) were derivatized with a chiral reagent, (S)‐4‐(3‐isothiocyanatopyrrolidin‐1‐yl)‐7‐(N,N‐dimethylaminosulfonyl)‐2,1,3‐benzoxadiazole (DBD‐PyNCS), and were separated enantiomerically by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with a triazole‐bonded column (Cosmosil HILIC) using tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) detection. Effects of column temperature, salt (HCO2NH4) concentration, and pH of the mobile phase in the enantiomeric separation, followed by MS detection of (S)‐DBD‐PyNCS‐d,l‐Trp and ‐d,l‐KYN, were investigated. The mobile phase consisting of CH3CN/10 mM ammonium formate in H2O (pH 5.0) (90/10) with a column temperature of 50–60 °C gave satisfactory resolution (Rs) and mass‐spectrometric detection. The enantiomeric separation of d,l‐Trp and d,l‐KYN produced Rs values of 2.22 and 2.13, and separation factors (α) of 1.08 and 1.08, for the Trp and KYN enantiomers, respectively. The proposed LC–MS/MS method provided excellent detection sensitivity of both enantiomers of Trp and KYN (5.1–19 nM).
DNA‐Forensik
Authors: Kremer Kerstin , Fritzsch Sabrina , Stahl Frank 
Published: July 2017

ZusammenfassungDer Begriff Forensik fasst die wissenschaftlichen Arbeitsmethoden zusammen, mit denen Straftaten untersucht, analysiert und aufgeklärt werden können. Dienen der Aufklärung DNA‐Spuren, die am Tatort vorgefunden wurden, spricht man von DNA‐Forensik oder forensischer Genetik. Häufig liegt am Tatort nicht nur die DNA‐Spur des Täters vor, sondern es sind auch die DNA von Opfer, Zeugen und berechtigten Personen (Ersthelfer, Polizeikräfte, etc.) usw. aufzufinden. Dann wird die Analyse komplex und das Verhältnis der DNA‐Spuren zueinander bedeutsam. Seit einigen Jahren steht die DNA‐Forensik vor völlig neuen Möglichkeiten, die neu entwickelte, moderne Sequenzierungstechniken, die zusammengefasst als Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) oder inzwischen sogar als Third Generation Sequencing (SMRT) bezeichnet werden, bieten. Diese Techniken erlauben eine schnelle Sequenzierung des gesamten Genoms und damit Merkmale wie Augenfarbe und Haarfarbe einer Person zu bestimmen. So könnte aus dem abstrakten DNA‐Profil in den nächsten Jahren ein plastisches DNA‐Phantombild werden. Die Entwicklungen erfordern eine Anpassung der gesetzlichen Regelungen und öffentliche Akzeptanz. Im vorliegenden Artikel werden die aktuellen Praktiken der DNA‐Forensik am Tatort und in den Laboratorien beschrieben und ein Ausblick auf zukünftige Möglichkeiten der forensischen DNA‐Analyse gegeben werden.
Application of a multi‐gene next‐generation sequencing panel to a non‐invasive oesophageal cell‐sampling device to diagnose dysplastic Barrett's oesophagus
Authors: Katz‐Summercorn Annalise , Anand Shubha , Ingledew Sophie , Huang Yuanxue , Roberts Thomas , Galeano‐Dalmau Nuria , O'Donovan Maria , Liu Hongxiang , Fitzgerald Rebecca C 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe early detection and endoscopic treatment of patients with the dysplastic stage of Barrett's oesophagus is a key to preventing progression to oesophageal adenocarcinoma. However, endoscopic surveillance protocols are hampered by the invasiveness of repeat endoscopy, sampling bias, and a subjective histopathological diagnosis of dysplasia. In this case‐control study, we investigated the use of a non‐invasive, pan‐oesophageal cell‐sampling device, the Cytosponge™, coupled with a cancer hot‐spot panel to identify patients with dysplastic Barrett's oesophagus. Formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) Cytosponge™ samples from 31 patients with non‐dysplastic and 28 with dysplastic Barrett's oesophagus with good available clinical annotation were selected for inclusion. Samples were microdissected and amplicon sequencing performed using a panel covering >2800 COSMIC hot‐spot mutations in 50 oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. Strict mutation criteria were determined and duplicates were run to confirm any mutations with an allele frequency <12%. When compared with endoscopy and biopsy as the gold standard the panel achieved a 71.4% sensitivity (95% CI 51.3–86.8) and 90.3% (95% CI 74.3–98.0) specificity for diagnosing dysplasia. TP53 had the highest rate of mutation in 14/28 dysplastic samples (50%). CDKN2A was mutated in 6/28 (21.4%), ERBB2 in 3/28 (10.7%), and 5 other genes at lower frequency. The only gene from this panel found to be mutated in the non‐dysplastic cases was CDKN2A in 3/31 cases (9.7%) in keeping with its known loss early in the natural history of the disease. Hence, it is possible to apply a multi‐gene cancer hot‐spot panel and next‐generation sequencing to microdissected, FFPE samples collected by the Cytosponge™, in order to distinguish non‐dysplastic from dysplastic Barrett's oesophagus. Further work is required to maximize the panel sensitivity.
Optimization magnetic resonance imaging shim coil using second derivative discretized stream function
Authors: Hu Yang , Wang Qiuliang , Zhu Xuchen , Niu Chaoqun , Wang Yaohui 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) equipment, a set of shim coils are designed to generate specific magnetic fields, thus eliminating harmonic components of magnetic field to obtain a high level homogeneous magnetic field within the region of interesting (ROI). In the electromagnetic design process, in order to produce the desired magnetic field, the deviation between the calculated magnetic field of shim coil and the theoretical magnetic field is treated as a kind of traditional objective functions to optimize the distribution of current density on the surface of shim coil skeleton. However, such function is ill‐posed because of the overdetermined or underdetermined system of equations. The regularization method is commonly used to solve such problem by constructing the regularization term. This article proposes a new iterative optimization method for the design of shim coils in MRI. Based on the boundary element method (BEM), the discretized stream functions can be obtained by discretizing the surface of coil skeleton using a set of triangular elements. As the regularization term, the second derivative stream function is included in the minimization of the deviation between calculated magnetic fields and target magnetic fields. The distribution of coil which meets the design requirements can be obtained by using the Broyden‐Fletcher‐Goldfarb‐Shanno (BFGS) algorithm. At last, the cubic spline interpolation is used to make lines as smooth as possible to be processed. In this article, the proposed method was employed to design two kinds of room temperature shim coils for cylindrical and/or biplanar MRI shim coil system. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective and practical.
Advances in Electrocatalysis for Energy Conversion and Synthesis of Organic Molecules
Authors: Holade Yaovi , Servat Karine , Tingry Sophie , Napporn Teko W. , Remita Hynd , Cornu David , Kokoh K. Boniface 
Published: July 2017

AbstractUbiquitous electrochemistry is expected to play a major role for reliable energy supply as well as for production of sustainable fuels and chemicals. The fundamental understanding of organics‐based electrocatalysis in alkaline media at the solid–liquid interface involves complex mechanisms and performance descriptors (from the electrolyte and reaction intermediates), which undermine the roads towards advance and breakthroughs. Here, we review and diagnose recently designed strategies for the electrochemical conversion of organics into electricity and/or higher‐value chemicals. To tune the mysterious workings of nanocatalysts in electrochemical devices, we examine the guiding principles by which the performance of a particular electrode material is governed, thus highlighting various tactics for the development of synthesis methods for nanomaterials with specific properties. We end by examining the production of chemicals by using electrochemical methods, from selective oxidation to reduction reactions. The intricate relationship between electrode and selectivity encourages both of the communities of electrocatalysis and organic synthesis to move forward together toward the renaissance of electrosynthesis methods.
Animal‐assisted psychotherapy for young people with behavioural problems in residential care
Authors: Muela Alexander , Balluerka Nekane , Amiano Nora , Caldentey Miguel Angel , Aliri Jone 
Published: July 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of an animal‐assisted psychotherapy (AAP) programme on clinical symptoms, personal adjustment, and adaptive skills in a group of adolescents in residential care who had experienced childhood trauma and who presented mental health problems and difficulties adapting to the care home environment. The 87 participants (Mage = 15.17, SD = 1.53) were divided into two groups: a treatment group (25 girls and 27 boys; Mage = 15.00, SD = 1.55) and a control group (9 girls and 26 boys; Mage = 15.42, SD = 1.50). The programme consisted of 34 sessions involving both group (23 sessions) and individual (11 sessions) AAP. The Behaviour Assessment System for Children was used to evaluate clinical and adaptive dimensions of behaviour and personality. The results indicated that, in comparison with controls, the young people who took part in the AAP programme reported a significant improvement on two measures of internalizing symptoms, namely, depression and sense of inadequacy. Although no significant differences were observed in relation to externalizing symptoms, the adolescents who received the AAP programme showed improved social skills in terms of their ability to interact satisfactorily with peers and adults in the care home environment, as well as a more positive attitude towards teachers at school. These results suggest that AAP may be a promising treatment for young people who have experienced childhood trauma and who subsequently find it difficult to adapt to the residential care setting.
Vinylation of Aryl Ether (Lignin β‐O‐4 Linkage) and Epoxides with Calcium Carbide through C−O Bond Cleavage
Authors: Teong Siew Ping , Lim Jenny , Zhang Yugen 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCalcium carbide has been increasingly used as a sustainable, easy‐to‐handle, and low‐cost feedstock in organic synthesis. Currently, methodologies of using calcium carbide as “solid acetylene” in synthesis are strictly limited to activation and reaction with X−H (X=C, N, O, S) bonds. Herein, a mild and transition‐metal‐free protocol was developed for the vinylation of epoxides and aryl ether linkage (β‐O‐4 lignin model compound) with calcium carbide through C−O bond cleavage, forming valuable vinyl ether products. Calcium carbide plays a vital role in the C−O bond activation and cleavage, and in providing acetylide source for the formation of vinylated products. These exciting results may provide new methodologies for organic synthesis and new insights toward lignin‐ or biomassrelated degradation to useful products.