bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Before an Analyst Becomes an Analyst: Does Industry Experience Matter?
Authors: BRADLEY DANIEL , GOKKAYA SINAN , LIU XI 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTUsing hand‐collected biographical information on financial analysts from 1983 to 2011, we find that analysts making forecasts on firms in industries related to their preanalyst experience have better forecast accuracy, evoke stronger market reactions to earning revisions, and are more likely to be named Institutional Investor all‐stars. Plausibly exogenous losses of analysts with related industry experience have real financial market implications—changes in firms’ information asymmetry and price reactions are significantly larger than those of other analysts. Overall, industry expertise acquired from preanalyst work experience is valuable to analysts, consistent with the emphasis placed on their industry knowledge by institutional investors.
Does Suffering Lack Meaning? A Contemporary Christian Response
Authors: Bryce Raymond‐Marie 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAnthropology's approach to answering the question of the role of suffering in our lives is limited to empirical data and at best describes an individual's capability to endure it and make sense of it. Levinas was at odds to find meaning in suffering once it had exceeded certain proportions. Various cultures demonstrate greater and lesser capacities for integrating corporate suffering when it has crossed a significant threshold (e.g. Israeli Holocaust survivors, Canadian‐Cambodian Khmer Rouge survivors, and their descendants). What is the role of ritual and productive suffering in revealing meaning in suffering? Some examples are drawn from the experiences of pilgrims on the Camino de Santiago de Compostella. Drawing from Dr. Eleonore Stump's exploration of second‐person narratives and relationships, a Christian philosophical‐theological response is provided.
High‐resolution impedance manometry parameters enhance the esophageal motility evaluation in non‐obstructive dysphagia patients without a major Chicago Classification motility disorder
Authors: Carlson D. A. , Omari T. , Lin Z. , Rommel N. , Starkey K. , Kahrilas P. J. , Tack J. , Pandolfino J. E. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐resolution impedance manometry (HRIM) allows evaluation of esophageal bolus retention, flow, and pressurization. We aimed to perform a collaborative analysis of HRIM metrics to evaluate patients with non‐obstructive dysphagia.MethodsFourteen asymptomatic controls (58% female; ages 20–50) and 41 patients (63% female; ages 24–82), 18 evaluated for dysphagia and 23 for reflux (non‐dysphagia patients), with esophageal motility diagnoses of normal motility or ineffective esophageal motility, were evaluated with HRIM and a global dysphagia symptom score (Brief Esophageal Dysphagia Questionnaire). HRIM was analyzed to assess Chicago Classification metrics, automated pressure‐flow metrics, the esophageal impedance integral (EII) ratio, and the bolus flow time (BFT).Key ResultsSignificant symptom‐metric correlations were detected only with basal EGJ pressure, EII ratio, and BFT. The EII ratio, BFT, and impedance ratio differed between controls and dysphagia patients, while the EII ratio in the upright position was the only measure that differentiated dysphagia from non‐dysphagia patients.Conclusions & InferencesThe EII ratio and BFT appear to offer an improved diagnostic evaluation in patients with non‐obstructive dysphagia without a major esophageal motility disorder. Bolus retention as measured with the EII ratio appears to carry the strongest association with dysphagia, and thus may aid in the characterization of symptomatic patients with otherwise normal manometry.
Hormonal Regulation of the Repair of UV Photoproducts in Melanocytes by the Melanocortin Signaling Axis
Authors: Jarrett Stuart G. , D'Orazio John A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMelanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer because of its propensity to spread beyond the primary site of disease and because it resists many forms of treatment. Incidence of melanoma has been increasing for decades. Although ultraviolet radiation (UV) has been identified as the most important environmental causative factor for melanoma development, UV‐protective strategies have had limited efficacy in melanoma prevention. UV mutational burden correlates with melanoma development and tumor progression, underscoring the importance of UV in melanomagenesis. However, besides amount of UV exposure, melanocyte UV mutational load is influenced by the robustness of nucleotide excision repair, the genome maintenance pathway charged with removing UV photoproducts before they cause permanent mutations in the genome. In this review, we highlight the importance of the melanocortin hormonal signaling axis on regulating efficiency of nucleotide excision repair in melanocytes. By understanding the molecular mechanisms by which nucleotide excision repair can be increased, it may be possible to prevent many cases of melanoma by reducing UV mutational burden over time.
Reduction in the mRNA expression of sVEGFR1 and sVEGFR2 is associated with the selection of dominant follicle in cows
Authors: Ortega Serrano PV , Guzmán A , Hernández–Coronado CG , Castillo‐Juárez H , Rosales‐Torres AM 
Published: September 2016

ContentsThe vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is essential for follicular development by promoting follicular angiogenesis, as well as for the proliferation and survival of granulosa cells. The biological effects of VEGF are regulated by two membrane receptors, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, and two soluble receptors, sVEGFR1 and sVEGFR2, which play an antagonistic role. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify the mRNA expression pattern of total VEGF, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, sVEGFR1 and sVEGFR2 in bovine preselected follicles (PRF) and post‐selected follicles (POF). The mRNA expression of these five genes in both granulosa cells (GC) and theca cells (TC) was compared between follicles classified as PRF and POF based on their diameter and on their ratio of estradiol/progesterone (E2/P4). Results showed a lower expression of mRNA of sVEGFR1 and sVEGFR2 in POF than in PRF (p < .05). Regarding the mRNA expression of total VEGF, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, there was no difference between POF and PRF follicles (p > .05). Our results showed that the mRNA expression of VEGFR2 and sVEGFR1 was more abundant than the expression of VEGFR1 and sVEGFR2, while GC was the main source of mRNA for total VEGF. On the other hand, TC was the follicular compartment where the receptors were most expressed. Our results suggest that non‐dominant follicles maintain a greater concentration of the mRNA expression of both membrane and soluble VEGF receptors. On the other hand, follicular dominance is related to a reduction in the mRNA expression of sVEGFR1 and sVEGFR2, which may favour VEGF binding with VEGFR2 and, hence, improve the follicular health and development.
Lipid profiles of canine spermatozoa as revealed via matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Braga LT , Bravo NRS , Belaz KRA , Zampieri D , Eberlin MN , Conforti VA 
Published: September 2016

ContentsIn this study, we investigated the ability of matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS) to characterize the lipid contents of canine spermatozoa. For that, samples of pure semen were analysed. Indeed, quite comprehensive lipid coverage was observed, and the most abundant phospholipid ions detected were from four phosphatidylcholines, that is those of m/z 760.6; 782.6; 808.6; and 830.6 and one of m/z 725.6 from a sphingomyelin. In conclusion, MALDI‐MS was found to offer an easy, fast, accurate, and sensitive analytical method for lipid profiling in canine spermatozoa and could be used as a tool to select sires by assessing the relationship between sperm lipid profiles and variables such as age and breeding history as well as to study the effects of cryopreservation on lipid contents.
Distorted Trade Barriers: A Dissection of Trade Costs in a “Distorted Gravity” Model
Authors: Besedeš Tibor , Cole Matthew T. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIt is common in the trade literature to use iceberg transport costs to represent both tariffs and shipping costs alike. However, in models with monopolistic competition these are not identical trade restrictions. This difference is driven by how the two costs affect the extensive margin. We illustrate these differences in a gravity model. We show theoretically that trade flows are more elastic with respect to tariffs than transport costs and find a linear relationship between the elasticities with respect to tariffs, iceberg transport costs, and fixed market costs. We empirically validate these results using data on US product‐level imports.
Mitigating Mistrust? Participation and Expertise in Hydraulic Fracturing Governance
Authors: Neville Kate J. , Weinthal Erika 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn Canada's Yukon Territory, a legislative committee was tasked with assessing the risks and benefits of hydraulic fracturing. The committee designed an extensive participatory process involving citizens and experts; however, instead of information access and public hearings fostering an open dialogue and trust, these two channels failed to de‐polarize debates over hydraulic fracturing. We argue that mistrust was reinforced because (1) weak participatory processes undermined the goals of public involvement, (2) scientific evidence and scientists themselves were not accepted as neutral or apolitical, and (3) strategic fostering of mistrust by actors on both sides of a polarized issue intensified existing doubt about the integrity and credibility of the process. The implications of a failure to restore trust in government are significant, not only for the issue of hydraulic fracturing, but for governance more broadly, as mistrust has spillover effects for subsequent public negotiations.
Central Andean magmatism can be constrained by three ubiquitous end‐members
Authors: Blum‐Oeste Magdalena , Wörner Gerhard 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe geochemical character of primary magmas and the nature of crustal melts remain poorly constrained at the active continental margin of the Central Andes, where the crustal thickness is >70 km. We identify three end‐members and constrain their full major and trace element compositions by polytopic vector analysis (PVA). The end‐members include two mafic parent magmas: (1) a slightly evolved calcalkaline basaltic andesite derived from the fluid‐fluxed mantle wedge that is typical of the Andes in general and (2) a strongly LREE‐enriched basalt akin in its trace element pattern to back‐arc shoshonites. (3) The third end‐member is a variably HREE‐depleted rhyodacite representing partial melts of lower to middle crustal lithologies. We propose that these end‐members are ubiquitous and typical of such thick‐crust settings, and can explain – in highly variable mixing proportions – the entire compositional range of Central Andean magmatism.
A blinded, randomized, placebo‐controlled, dose determination trial of lokivetmab (ZTS‐00103289), a caninized, anti‐canine IL‐31 monoclonal antibody in client owned dogs with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Michels Gina M. , Ramsey Deborah S. , Walsh Kelly F. , Martinon Olivier M. , Mahabir Sean P. , Hoevers Jacquelien D. , Walters Rodney R. , Dunham Steven A. 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundPruritus is the hallmark clinical sign of atopic dermatitis (AD) in dogs. Lokivetmab, a caninized anti‐canine IL‐31 monoclonal antibody, reduced pruritus and associated inflammatory skin lesions in a proof‐of‐concept study in dogs with AD.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThe objective was to describe lokivetmab dose response in a randomized, double blind, placebo‐controlled trial.AnimalsClinicians at 15 referral clinics enrolled 211 client owned dogs with a history of chronic AD.MethodsDogs were randomized to treatment with lokivetmab (0.125, 0.5 or 2.0 mg/kg) or placebo administered subcutaneously once on Day 0. Dog owners assessed visual analog scale (VAS) scores of pruritus on days 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 and 56. Clinicians assessed Canine AD Extent and Severity Index (CADESI‐03) scores on days 0, 7, 14, 28, 42 and 56.ResultsTreatment with lokivetmab (2 mg/kg) resulted in a greater percentage reduction from baseline in owner assessed pruritus (days 1–49) and clinician assessed CADESI‐03 scores (days 7–56) compared to placebo (P < 0.05); differences were achieved in lower dose groups but at later time points and for shorter duration for both owner assessed pruritus (0.5 mg/kg, days 2–35; 0.125 mg/kg, days 7–21) and clinician assessed CADESI‐03 scores (0.5 mg/kg and 0.125 mg/kg, Day 14).Conclusions and clinical importanceLokivetmab (0.5, 2.0 mg/kg) reduced pruritus compared to placebo for at least 1 month. Level and duration of response increased with increasing dose. Further studies are needed to better understand variability in individual responses across a broader population of dogs with AD.
Alopecia universalis in a dog with testicular neoplasia
Authors: Outerbridge Catherine A. , White Stephen D. , Affolter Verena K. 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveTo describe a case of testicular neoplasia and alopecia universalis in a dog, and successful treatment of the latter with ciclosporin.AnimalTwelve‐year‐old intact male wirehaired fox terrier.MethodsCastration, skin biopsy for histopathology, lymphocyte immunophenotyping and clonality analysis of the canine T‐cell receptor gamma locus (TCRγ) rearrangement.ResultsThe dog presented with symmetrical generalized alopecia. Testicular enlargement was noted which on castration was determined to be caused by bilateral interstitial cell tumours, Sertoli cell tumours and a unilateral seminoma. During the four months after castration the alopecia became more severe and widespread. Histopathology of the skin showed moderate, multifocal, mural folliculitis, peribulbar mucinosis and lymphocytic bulbitis, and targeting of anagen hair follicles. Immunophenotyping of the infiltrate showed a population of well‐differentiated, small CD3‐positive T lymphocytes, some expressing CD4 and others CD8. Molecular analysis revealed a polyclonal lymphocytic infiltrate, substantiating the diagnosis of alopecia areata rather than lymphoma. Treatment with ciclosporin (4.6 mg/kg) and ketoconazole (4.6 mg/kg) resulted in complete hair regrowth.Conclusion and clinical importanceCiclosporin treatment, in combination with ketoconazole, can be effective for treatment of alopecia universalis in the dog. Alopecia universalis may present with clinically noninflammatory, symmetrical, generalized alopecia, mimicking an endocrine alopecia, and skin biopsies are needed to confirm the diagnosis.
Morphological assessment of the Octopus vulgaris species complex evaluated in light of molecular‐based phylogenetic inferences
Authors: Amor Michael D. , Norman Mark D. , Roura Alvaro , Leite Tatiana S. , Gleadall Ian G. , Reid Amanda , Perales‐Raya Catalina , Lu Chung‐Cheng , Silvey Colin J. , Vidal Erica A. G. , Hochberg Frederick G. , Zheng Xiaodong , Strugnell Jan M. 
Published: September 2016

Cryptic species are common in the ocean, particularly among marine invertebrates such as octopuses. Delineating cryptic species is particularly problematic in octopus taxonomy where the plasticity recorded among taxonomic characters often results in low resolution at the species level. This study investigated the morphological relationships among seven phylogenetic clades (identified using cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) of the broadly distributed Octopus vulgaris species complex and close relatives. Morphological analyses in this study were successful in delimiting O. sinensis, Brazilian O. vulgaris and O. vulgaris sensu stricto, which was congruent with the molecular findings of this study. Analyses based on male morphology were successful in distinguishing 14 of 15 total pairwise comparisons and proved to be a more reliable indicator of species‐level relationships in comparison with female morphology. The majority of characters with the greatest discriminatory power were male sexual traits. Significant morphological differences were also recorded among sampling localities of conspecifics, with phenotype showing correlation with local environmental data. The findings of this study support the hypothesis that multiple O. vulgaris‐like species are currently being incorrectly treated under a single species name, O. vulgaris. Octopuses being exported globally under the name O. vulgaris are of extremely high fisheries market value and profile. Our findings have potentially significant implications for the naming and conservation of commercially harvested members of this species complex throughout their ranges.
Effects of continuous positive airway pressure and isocapnic‐hypoxia on cerebral autoregulation in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Waltz Xavier , Beaudin Andrew E. , Hanly Patrick J. , Mitsis Georgios D. , Poulin Marc J. 
Published: September 2016

Key points
Altered cerebral autoregulation (CA) in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patients may contribute to increased stroke risk in this population; the gold standard treatment for OSA is continuous positive airway pressure, which improves cerebrovascular regulation and may decrease the risk of stroke.
Isocapnic‐hypoxia impairs CA in healthy subjects, but it remains unknown in OSA whether impaired CA is further exacerbated by isocapnic‐hypoxia and whether it is improved by treatment with continuous positive airway pressure.
During normoxia, CA was altered in the more severe but not in the less severe OSA patients, while, in contrast, during isocapnic‐hypoxia, CA was similar between groups and tended to improve in patients with more severe OSA compared to normoxia.
From a clinical perspective, one month of continuous positive airway pressure treatment does not improve CA.
From a physiological perspective, this study suggests that sympathetic overactivity may be responsible for altered CA in the more severe OSA patients.
AbstractCerebral autoregulation (CA) impairment may contribute to the increased risk of stroke associated with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). It is unknown if impaired CA is further exacerbated by isocapnic‐hypoxia and whether it is improved by treatment of OSA with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). CA was assessed during wakefulness in 53 OSA patients (50.3 ± 9.3 years) and 21 controls (49.8 ± 8.6 years) at baseline and following a minimum of 1 month of effective CPAP therapy (OSA patients, n = 40). Control participants (n = 21) performed a follow‐up visit to control for time effects within OSA patients between baseline and the post‐CPAP visit. Beat‐by‐beat middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity and mean arterial blood pressure (MBP), and breath‐by‐breath end‐tidal partial pressure of CO2 () were monitored. CA was determined during normoxia and isocapnic‐hypoxia using transfer function (phase and gain) and coherence analysis (including multiple and partial coherence (using MBP and as inputs)) in the very low frequency range (0.03–0.07 Hz). OSA patients were divided into two subgroups (less severe and more severe) based upon the median respiratory disturbance index (RDI). During normoxia, the more severe OSA patients (RDI 45.9 ± 10.3) exhibited altered CA compared to controls and the less severe OSA patients (RDI 24.5 ± 5.9). In contrast, during isocapnic‐hypoxia, CA was similar between groups. CPAP had no effect on CA. In conclusion, CA is altered in the more severe OSA patients during normoxia but not during isocapnic‐hypoxia and CPAP treatment does not impact CA.
Computational Investigation of a Shrouded Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Authors: Vafiadis K. , Fintikakis H. , Zaproudis I. , Tourlidakis A. 
Published: September 2016

In urban areas, it is preferable to use small wind turbines which may be integrated to a building in order to supply the local grid with green energy. The main drawback of using wind turbines in urban areas is that the air flow is affected by the existence of nearby buildings, which in conjunction with the variation of wind speed, wind direction and turbulence may adversely affect wind energy extraction. Moreover, the efficiency of a wind turbine is limited by the Betz limit. One of the methods developed to increase the efficiency of small wind turbines and to overcome the Betz limit is the introduction of a converging – diverging shroud around the turbine. Several researchers have studied the effect of shrouds on Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines, but relatively little research has been carried out on shroud augmented Vertical Axis Wind Turbines.
This paper presents the numerical study of a shrouded Vertical Axis Wind Turbine. A wide range of test cases, were examined in order to predict the flow characteristics around the rotor, through the shroud and through the rotor – shroud arrangement using 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations. The power output of the shrouded rotor has been improved by a factor greater than 2.0. The detailed flow analysis results showed that there is a significant improvement in the performance of the wind turbine.
Design of a 400 kW Gas Turbine Prototype
Authors: Jaatinen-Värri Ahti , Nerg Janne , Uusitalo Antti , Ghalamchi Behnam , Uzhegov Nikita , Smirnov Alexander , Sikanen Eerik , Grönman Aki , Backman Jari , Malkamäki Matti 
Published: September 2016

Decentralized power and heat generation is a growing trend throughout the world. In smaller applications, electrical power output less than few megawatts, reciprocating engines have dominated the market. In recent years, small sized gas turbines have emerged as challengers for the reciprocating engines. The small gas turbines have a growing share of the decentralized energy market, which itself is rapidly growing. Hence, improvements in small gas turbine efficiency have a significant impact from the economic and environmental perspective.
In this paper, the design of a high efficiency 400 kW gas turbine prototype is described and discussed. The prototype is a two-spool, recuperated and intercooled gas turbine where both spools comprise of a radial compressor and turbine, a permanent magnet electric generator, an axial and two radial active magnetic bearings and two safety bearings.
The prototype design was divided into five categories and each of the categories are discussed. The categories were: the process design, the turbomachinery design, the generator and electrical design, bearing design and rotor dynamic analysis, and mechanical design. The design of recuperator, intercooler, and combustion chamber were outsourced. Hence, they are not discussed in this paper.
The prototype design process showed the readiness of the chosen technological selections, as well it showed that the type of machine under discussion can be designed and manufactured.