bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racism and Denial of Racism: Dealing with the Academy and the Field
Authors: Greenhill Pauline , Marshall Alison 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe discuss our experiences of both racism and its denial in the context of our interactions with research participants, research teams, and academic communities. Greenhill questions scholarly traditions that insist upon objectivist methods and, in the process, side with researchers and research participants who refuse to acknowledge and expose White-identified, privileged social actions. Reflecting on decades of responses to her own research on the performance of race and gender in Morris dancing and Brommtopp, she concludes that both the denial and the performance of raced and marginalized others underscore deeply held views about Canadian homogeneity, diversity, and multiculturalism. Marshall focuses on responses to the anti-racist histories she has collected, and, more importantly, to the ethnographic ways that she has collected them. By straddling the boundaries between academic and non-academic life, she has used her work to reveal the histories of people who have often lived in the shadows of dominant cultures. Yet questions about methods, methodology, and theory have sought to erase the results of research on the level of systems of knowledge--to make it impossible not because of its content but because of its sources. We contend that diversity must be about the use of multiple methods, theories, and approaches that guard against the denial of racism. Defending, explaining, and fighting for anti-racist perspectives is eye-opening and sometimes exhausting, even for two White-identified, privileged academics like ourselves.
Cara a cara com os personagens familiares: o uso elaborativo do jogo a partir de uma abordagem winnicottiana
Authors: Galrão Rios Lima Maria , Kallas Renata Galves Merino 
Published: May 2016

<p>Na psicanálise infantil atualmente, além da necessidade de se avaliar os determinantes do sofrimento, tecido entre as esferas intra e interpsíquicas, as técnicas utilizadas são de grande importância. O objetivo deste trabalho é refletir sobre a possibilidade de que a construção de jogos no espaço analítico, usados como objetos facilitadores da emergência de conteúdos familiares conflituosos, possa assumir um importante valor terapêutico. Para tanto, será apresentado um exemplo clínico em que criança e terapeuta construíram um jogo chamado de “Cara a cara com os conflitos familiares”. A metodologia empregada é qualitativa, de relato de caso. O referencial teórico adotado é psicanalítico. É apresentado um recorte do atendimento de uma menina de oito anos, marcada por intenso sofrimento nos vínculos familiares. Com a construção do jogo, conflitos anteriormente indizíveis/impensáveis obtiveram legitimidade e um registro que permitiu o início da elaboração e um brincar criativo. Outra conseqüência, de valor terapêutico, foram as sessões vinculares, em que familiares eram convidados para jogar. Cabe ao terapeuta estar atento às comunicações dos pacientes, permitindo a emergência na sessão, em um gesto espontâneo mútuo, de elementos que facilitem a expressão dos conteúdos e a vivência de uma experiência autêntica e criativa, situada em uma continuidade espaço-tempo. </p>
Interpretação sistêmica e a possibilidade de recuperação judicial para as sociedades em comum
Authors: Costa Juliana Hinterlang dos Santos , Kempfer Marlene 
Published: May 2016

A Sociedade em Comum foi introduzida na legislação brasileira a partir do Código Civil de 2002 em seus artigos 986 a 990. Em período anterior ela era analisada sob a denominação sociedade irregular ou sociedade e fato. A primeira se caracterizava por haver contrato escrito, mas, este não havia sido levado a registro perante o órgão competente e a segunda quando não havia o contrato social. Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar a figura da Sociedade em Comum, no atual ordenamento jurídico, a partir da interpretação majoritária que não reconhece o direito à recuperação judicial. Aponta-se que esta interpretação desconsidera: i) princípios que regem a ordem jurídica e o subsistema econômico; e, ii) que a legislação atual permite a sua responsabilização diante de deveres jurídicos nas esferas trabalhista, tributária, concorrencial e consumerista. Sob estes principais argumentos é que têm destaque a interpretação sistemática para defender o direito à recuperação judicial ou extrajudicial. Assim, efetiva-se a segurança jurídica material.
O instituto da repercussão geral no recurso extraordinário e o novo código de processo civil
Authors: Esteves João Luiz Martins , Santana Lucas Ferreira 
Published: May 2016

<p>O presente trabalho consiste em um estudo sobre o Recurso Extraordinário e o requisito de admissibilidade da Repercussão Geral. Concentra-se na análise da condição de Repercussão Geral como requisito intrínseco de admissibilidade do Recurso Extraordinário. Aprecia-se a natureza jurídica do requisito recursal, bem como se compara a recente ferramenta com os parâmetros estabelecidos anteriormente pela legislação, com um breve histórico da Arguição de Relevância. Busca-se a compreensão dos elementos considerados para a configuração da Repercussão Geral na legislação infraconstitucional, especificamente nas disposições do artigo 1029 e seguintes do Novo Código de Processo Civil. Finalmente, analisa-se a figura do <em>Amicus Curiae</em>, o procedimento de apreciação do requisito da Repercussão Geral e as principais alterações que o novo Código de Processo Civil trará ao Instituto. </p>
Constituição de 1988 e Ordem Econômica Brasileira
Authors: Fonseca Isadora De Souza 
Published: May 2016

<p>Resenha-resumo do capítulo 01, denominado "Estado e Economia", da obra <strong>A Ordem Econômica na Constituição Federal de 1998 </strong>(13° Ed., Malheiros, São Paulo: 2008), de Eros Roberto Grau.</p>
Uma análise econômica da alienação fiduciária em garantia dos bens imóveis
Authors: Pontes Ted Luiz Rocha , Caminha Uinie 
Published: May 2016

<p>O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar sob o enfoque do direito e economia o instituto jurídico da alienação fiduciária em garantia de bens imóveis, instituído no ordenamento pátrio pela Lei Federal de nº. 9.514/1997, comparando-o com a garantia real imobiliária dada pela Hipoteca, usando-se uma análise econômica dos institutos. Verificou-se a existência de dados que demonstram a redução da taxa de inadimplência do crédito concedido e garantido pelo instituto da alienação fiduciária, bem como o aumento da segurança jurídica na execução da garantia, em comparação com as dificuldades verificadas para a execução da garantia hipotecária, demonstrando uma eficiência econômica. <strong></strong></p>
Identification of Risk Factors for Elevated Neonatal Gentamicin Trough Concentrations
Authors: Gonzalez Jeffrey , Ahern John , Noyes Elizabeth , Corriveau Michele , Mercier Charles 
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to identify neonatal and maternal characteristics that may be associated with elevated neonatal gentamicin trough concentrations despite application of a previously published gentamicin dosage strategy.
METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of all neonates admitted to University of Vermont Medical Center (562-bed academic teaching hospital, Burlington, VT) receiving gentamicin between June 1, 2009, and August 31, 2013. A total of 205 neonates were included, with 41 cases and 164 controls.
RESULTS: Postmenstrual age (PMA, gestational age plus chronological age) and small-for–gestational age (SGA) status were independently associated with elevated neonatal gentamicin trough concentrations. No maternal risk factor evaluated remained significantly associated in the multivariate analysis.
CONCLUSIONS: The probability of an elevated gentamicin trough concentration increases with lower PMA and is further accentuated in neonates with SGA status. In contrast, the presence of maternal risk factors did not increase the likelihood of elevated gentamicin trough concentrations. Neonates with lower PMA and SGA status may require an individualized dosage and monitoring strategy.
Once Daily Dosing of Ceftriaxone and Metronidazole in Children With Perforated Appendicitis
Authors: Lee Ji Yeon , Ally Saudia , Kelly Brian , Kays David , Thames Lisa 
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare hospital length of stay and rate of infectious complications in children with perforated appendicitis based on the postoperative antibiotic administered.
METHODS: This study was a retrospective analysis of children with perforated appendicitis who underwent an appendectomy at a large academic medical center from 2008 to 2013. The primary outcome was hospital length of stay. The secondary outcomes were rates of abscess formation, wound infection, and 30-day readmissions.
RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-three patients were included. Sixty-six patients (53%) were administered ceftriaxone and metronidazole once daily; 57 (47%) were administered other antibiotic regimens, which consisted of single, double, or triple antibiotic therapy with a beta-lactam backbone. There was no difference between the groups in terms of postoperative length of stay (5.7 versus 5.8 days, p = 0.83), postoperative abscess rate (8% versus 4%, p = 0.57), postoperative wound infection rate (5% versus 2%, p = 0.73), and 30-day readmissions (3% versus 11%, p = 0.19).
CONCLUSIONS: While there was no statistically significant difierence in the outcomes evaluated, the rate of infectious complications was twofold higher in those given ceftriaxone and metronidazole than in others. A larger prospective randomized controlled trial is warranted to better understand the risks of using these agents.
Comparison of Intravenous Palivizumab and Standard of Care for Treatment of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Mechanically Ventilated Pediatric Patients
Authors: Helmink Brady J. , Ragsdale Carolyn E. , Peterson Evan J. , Merkel Kathryn G. 
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVES: Evidence suggests palivizumab may be beneficial for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in pediatric patients, although it is only approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for RSV prophylaxis. The objective of this study is to compare outcomes among pediatric patients with RSV infection who received intravenous palivizumab and standard of care versus standard of care alone.
METHODS: This is a retrospective, single-center cohort study conducted between November 2003 and October 2013. Pediatric patients with active RSV infection treated with intravenous (IV) palivizumab after initiation of mechanical ventilation were matched 1:1 to a control selected from ventilated patients who received standard of care. The primary end point evaluated the duration of mechanical ventilation between groups. Secondary end points included hospital length of stay, intensive care unit length of stay, duration of respiratory support over baseline, time to RSV microbiologic cure, duration of antibiotic therapy, and in-hospital mortality.
RESULTS: A total of 22 patients with a median age of 3 months were included in the study. Patients in the treatment group received a median of 2 doses of IV palivizumab, with a mean dose of 14.2 mg/kg. All patients received bronchodilators and corticosteroids, with the exception of 1 patient in the control group, and only 1 treatment group patient received IV ribavirin. Duration of mechanical ventilation was longer in the treatment group (18.9 ± 9.5 vs. 14.3 ± 9.3 days; p = 0.26). No statistically significant differences were observed between groups for any of the secondary end points.
CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric patients who received IV palivizumab in addition to standard of care for treatment of RSV infection following initiation of mechanical ventilation experienced similar outcomes to those who received standard of care alone. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the potential benefit of IV palivizumab in addition to current standard of care.
Evaluation of Vancomycin Dosing in Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Patients
Authors: McDade Erin J. , Hewlett Jennifer L. , Moonnumakal Siby P. , Baker Carol J. 
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVES: The presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients' sputa is associated with a decline in pulmonary function and increased mortality. Vancomycin is the preferred treatment for MRSA pneumonia in children. No published studies have evaluated the vancomycin dose needed to achieve goal vancomycin trough concentrations (VTCs; 15–20 mg/L) in pediatric patients with CF. The primary objective is to determine whether a vancomycin dosage of 60 mg/kg/day achieves a goal VTC in pediatric CF patients. Secondary objectives include determining the average dosage required to reach a goal VTC and the impact of achieving a goal VTC on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and pulmonary function.
METHODS: A retrospective review of pediatric patients with CF who received vancomycin was conducted.
RESULTS: A total of 90 vancomycin treatment courses were analyzed. Standard vancomycin dosing (60 mg/kg/day) achieved goal VTC in 11 courses (12.2%). The mean dosage required to achieve a goal VTC for all courses was 70.6 ± 16.7 mg/kg/day. Patients who achieved goal VTCs were more often older, weighed more, and had higher serum creatinine concentrations at therapy initiation. On average, a dosage of 70.6 mg/kg/day was required to achieve a goal VTC. Despite dosages up to 120 mg/kg/day, no significant changes in renal function occurred. Achieving a goal VTC had no significant impact on eGFR or pulmonary function during therapy.
CONCLUSIONS: Vancomycin dosing of 60 mg/kg/day does not reliably achieve a VTC of 15 to 20 mg/L in pediatric CF patients. Younger CF patients may require higher vancomycin doses.
Bretons, Basques, and Inuit in Labrador and northern Newfoundland: The control of maritime resources in the 16th and 17th centuries
Authors: Pope Peter E. 
Published: May 2016

Early Euro-Inuit contacts in Atlantic Canada raise a complex issue in the ethnohistory of resource exploitation. In the 16th century, Breton, Norman, and Basque crews developed a seasonal salt-cod fishery on the coasts of northern Newfoundland and southern Labrador, in about the same period that the Inuit moved southwards along the Labrador coast. The Basques also exploited the Strait of Belle Isle, between Newfoundland and Labrador, for shore-based whaling. Sometime before 1620, Europeans then appear to have withdrawn from Labrador until about 1680, when Canadian merchants based in Quebec began to exploit the Strait for salmon and seals, while French migratory crews edged northwards again from Newfoundland. European withdrawal from Labrador largely coincided with a long-running guerrilla war, waged by the Inuit against Breton and Basque fishermen exploiting Newfoundland’s Great Northern Peninsula. The chronological coincidence suggests that the movement of Inuit into southern Labrador by the end of the 16th century may well have motivated Europeans to avoid this coast through much of the 17th century. French attitudes to the Labrador Inuit can be contextualized by comparison with contemporary understandings of Euro-Inuit relations elsewhere. Inuit attitudes to Europeans are harder to assess but recognition of their struggle for access to resources is a step towards an appreciation of historical Inuit agency.
Identity markers: Interpreting sod-house occupation in Sandwich Bay, Labrador
Authors: Rankin Lisa K. 
Published: May 2016

Documentary evidence suggests that Inuit were present in the Strait of Belle Isle by the late 16th century, yet the archaeological evidence for Inuit settlement in southern Labrador is sparse. Inuit sites are difficult to recognize south of Nunatsiavut, where 19th-century Inuit-Métis families and seasonal Newfoundland fishers occupied settlements that leave similar archaeological surface-traces. In 2009 a SSHRC-funded Community-University Research Alliance was initiated to examine Inuit history in southern Labrador. One of the primary goals of the research was to develop archaeological criteria to distinguish between these ethnically distinct settlements. This paper presents the results from several seasons of research in Sandwich Bay, Labrador. It uses data from community interviews, archaeological surveys, and excavations at four Inuit settlements, one Inuit-Métis house, and one Newfoundland fishery camp to help resolve the issue of site ethnicity for the area immediately south of Hamilton Inlet. Site location and house and site features are used to increase confidence in Inuit site classification and to provide strategies for targeted test-excavations elsewhere in southern Labrador and on the Quebec North Shore. The results of the research also allow for a better understanding of the nature and extent of Inuit occupation in Sandwich Bay.
Labrador Inuit and their arrow shafts
Authors: Mitchell Greg 
Published: May 2016

From the 16th to 18th centuries, Labrador Inuit seem to have valued softwoods (from coniferous tree boles) for the manufacture of arrows and darts used in hunting and warfare. Microscopic examination of Inuit arrow shafts from the Twin Island 3 site (EkBc-07) in Red Bay shows that balsam fir (Abies balsamea) was the preferred species for these purposes in the 16th century. Balsam fir is found in abundance in the inner bays of southern Labrador and was easily accessible to Inuit. However, archival sources indicate that by the 18th century Labrador Inuit desired another species of softwood for arrow and dart shafts, one that grew only on the island of Newfoundland. I propose that the sought-after species was one, or both, of the two pine species growing in central Newfoundland (Pinus strobusorPinus resinosa).Procurement of pine wood from Newfoundland would add another dimension to the established mobility and trading patterns of Inuit in southern Labrador. Conflicts with Europeans during the 16th through 18th centuries in the Strait of Belle Isle and the Petit Nord (on Newfoundland’s Great Northern Peninsula) may, in part, have been a result of the disruption in these travel and harvesting patterns. I suggest that iron products and wooden shallops (boats) from southern Labrador and northern Newfoundland were not the only “southern” commodities actively sought by Inuit during the early stages of European occupation; central Newfoundland’s pine wood was also important for manufacture of arrow shafts.
La reconstruction par association des problèmes publics
Authors: Amicelle1 Anthony 
Published: May 2016

L’objectif du présent article est de revenir sur les conditions d’émergence du problème de l’argent sale dont la prise en charge a contribué à déstabiliser de façon inédite le principe du secret bancaire. Il s’agit ainsi de saisir la manière singulière dont « l’odeur de l’argent » a été promue et reconnue comme objet de préoccupation et de politique publique avec la criminalisation du blanchiment de capitaux aux États-Unis. En partant d’un sujet toujours marginal dans la production universitaire – la délinquance financière –, cet article vise à apporter une contribution originale à la riche tradition de recherche sur les « problèmes publics ». Il propose plus précisément de cerner empiriquement et de baliser conceptuellement ce qui est ici désigné sous l’expression de « processus de reconstruction par association des problèmes publics ».
Le contrôle plurinormatif des gangs de rue
Authors: Velloso1 João 
Published: May 2016

Edwin Sutherland a été l’un des premiers à remettre en question l’association entre pauvreté et criminalité qui dominait le champ criminologique au début du xxe siècle. Il proposait non seulement que la criminologie étudie les crimes en col blanc (white-collar crimes), mais également que ces études renforcent sa théorie de l’association différentielle en tant que théorie générale, applicable à tous les types de comportements criminels. Dans cet article, nous poursuivons un objectif similaire, mais à propos du contrôle social : nous proposons de réfléchir aux formes les plus visibles de la délinquance, et plus particulièrement à la criminalité de rue, à partir de certaines études sur la réaction sociale à la délinquance des élites. Nous suggérons que la notion d’« illégalismes privilégiés » (Acosta, 1988) est appropriée pour analyser tous les illégalismes. En effet, à l’instar des crimes en col blanc, les crimes de rue sont aussi fréquemment administrés par les institutions juridiques de façon plurinormative, c’est-à-dire en s’appuyant sur différents systèmes normatifs au-delà et en plus de la justice criminelle (par exemple, le droit administratif, le droit civil, etc.). Dans les faits, cette technique a souvent pour effet de punir davantage les délinquants visés, surtout les étrangers.
Sondages Web, opinion publique et performance policière1
Authors: Boivin2 Rémi , Lam Rita 
Published: May 2016

Les sondages d’opinion sont un des principaux moyens utilisés pour connaître les perceptions du public en matière de sécurité et de police. Plusieurs observateurs remettent toutefois en question la représentativité des répondants et la validité des informations recueillies. Le présent article aborde ces questions en analysant les réponses obtenues à la suite d’un sondage commandé par un service de police canadien. Deux échantillons aléatoires de participants ont répondu à un questionnaire similaire à l’aide d’une entrevue téléphonique (n = 403) ou d’un sondage autoadministré sur le Web (n = 474). Les résultats obtenus montrent que les réponses diffèrent selon le mode de collecte : les répondants au questionnaire Web ont offert des réponses moins favorables à la police et étaient plus susceptibles de sélectionner des réponses modérées. Les tailles d’effet obtenues semblent aussi indiquer que les répondants aux sondages téléphoniques sont plus susceptibles d’exagérer leur opinion en optant pour des réponses extrêmes, soit en début ou en fin de sélection, que de la modifier en sélectionnant des réponses contraires à leurs impressions. Ces résultats impliquent que les comparaisons temporelles pour un même service de police et les comparaisons entre organisations nécessitent une interprétation plus nuancée que celle qui est généralement offerte.
Origin of the unidentified positive mobile ions causing the bias temperature instability in SiC MOSFETs and their diffusion process
Authors: Shirakawa Hiroki , Kamiya Katsumasa , Araidai Masaaki , Watanabe Heiji , Shiraishi Kenji 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
For SiC metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs), it has been shown that unidentified positive mobile ions are generated in SiO2 after conventional hydrogen annealing, which leads to significant reliability degradation known as bias temperature instability (BTI). Discovering the origin of these mobile ions is important for fabricating highly reliable SiC MOSFETs. On the basis of first-principles calculations, we verified that the BTI of SiC MOSFETs is caused by hydrogen ions combining with CO3-like defects in SiO2. These hydrogen ions dissociate from the CO3-like defects and diffuse “as protons” in SiO2. These results indicate that the observed positive mobile ions are protons.
Silicon on-chip wavelength-selective switch composed of Mach–Zehnder-interferometer-based switches and microring resonators
Authors: Miura Kengo , Shoji Yuya , Mizumoto Tetsuya 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe fabricated a wavelength-selective switch composed of microring resonators as wavelength filters and Mach–Zehnder-interferometer-based thermo-optic switches as routing switches. Nonblocking wavelength-selective switching operations for several channels were successfully demonstrated. A wavelength-selective transmittance change of 9.7 dB was obtained at a wavelength channel of 1548 nm, which is one of four wavelength channels in a wavelength range between 1535 and 1570 nm. An electric power of 17.9 mW was applied for switching the thermo-optic switch from a cross state to a bar state. The change in transmittance in other wavelength channels is <1.7 dB.