bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic yield and safety of closed needle pleural biopsy in exudative pleural effusion
Authors: Rajawat Govind Singh , Batra Supreet , Takhar Rajendra Prasad , Rathi Lalit , Bhandari Chand , Gupta Manohar Lal 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Background: Closed pleural biopsy was previously considered a procedure of choice in cases of undiagnosed pleural effusion with good efficacy. Currently, the closed pleural biopsy has been replaced by thoracoscopic biopsy but not easily available in resource-limited setups. Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the diagnostic yield and safety of closed needle pleural biopsy in exudative pleural effusion and assessment of patients' characteristics with the yield of pleural biopsy. Design: This was a cross-sectional study. Settings: This study was conducted at Institute of Respiratory Diseases, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, a tertiary care center of West India. Patients and Methods: A total of 250 cases of pleural effusion were evaluated with complete pleural fluid biochemical, microbiological, and cytological examination. Out of these 250 patients, 59 were excluded from the study as the diagnosis could be established on initial pleural fluid examination. The remaining (191) patients were considered for closed pleural biopsy with Abrams pleural biopsy needle. Main Outcome Measures: The main outcome measure was diagnostic yield in the form of confirming diagnosis. Results: Out of the 191 patients with exudative lymphocytic pleural effusion, 123 (64.40%) were diagnosed on the first pleural biopsy. Among the remaining 68 patients, 22 patients had repeat pleural biopsy with a diagnostic yield of 59.9%. The overall pleural biopsy could establish the diagnosis in 136 (71.20%) patients with pleural effusion. The most common diagnosis on pleural biopsy was malignancy followed by tuberculosis. Conclusions: Closed pleural biopsy provides diagnostic yield nearly comparative to thoracoscopy in properly selected patients of pleural effusions. In view of good yield, low cost, easy availability, and very low complication rate, it should be used routinely in all cases of undiagnosed exudative lymphocytic pleural effusion. Limitations: There was no comparison with a similar group undergoing thoracoscopic pleural biopsy.
Secondary ozone peaks in the troposphere over the Himalayas
Authors: Ojha Narendra , Pozzer Andrea , Akritidis Dimitris , Lelieveld Jos 
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Layers with strongly enhanced ozone concentrations in the middle–upper troposphere, referred to as secondary ozone peaks (SOPs), have been observed in different regions of the world. Here we use the global ECHAM5/MESSy atmospheric chemistry model (EMAC) to (i) investigate the processes causing SOPs, (ii) explore both their frequency of occurrence and seasonality, and (iii) assess their effects on the tropospheric ozone budget over the Himalayas. The vertical profiles of potential vorticity (PV) and a stratospheric ozone tracer (O3s) in EMAC simulations, in conjunction with the structure of SOPs, suggest that SOPs over the Himalayas are formed by stratosphere-to-troposphere transport (STT) of ozone. The spatial distribution of O3s further shows that such effects are in general most pronounced in the northern part of India. Model simulated ozone distributions and backward air trajectories show that ozone rich air masses, associated with STT, originate as far as northern Africa and the North Atlantic Ocean, the Middle East, as well as in nearby regions in Afghanistan and Pakistan, and are rapidly (within 2–3 days) transported to the Himalayas. Analysis of a 15-year (2000–2014) EMAC simulation shows that the frequency of SOPs is highest during the pre-monsoon season (e.g. 11 % of the time in May), while no intense SOP events are found during the July–October period. The SOPs are estimated to enhance the tropospheric column ozone (TCO) over the central Himalayas by up to 21 %.
Renga: A European Poem and its Japanese Model
Authors: Starrs Roy 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Renga (1971) is a book-length chain of linked poems written in four European languages by four leading twentieth-century poets: Octavio Paz, Edoardo Sanguineti, Charles Tomlinson, and Jacques Roubaud. Because this pioneering multiauthored, multilingual, and multicultural work is based on the medieval Japanese poetic genre of “linked verse” (renga), the question arises: what is the exact nature of the relation between the modern Western poem and its Japanese model? This article argues that, far from being a merely superficial imitation of certain formal elements of the Japanese poetic practice of group composition, Renga is remarkably faithful to the spirit of the original genre, especially its underlying Zen aesthetics, philosophy, and psychology of muga (no-self). At the same time, the poem's embodiment of a “negative poetic self” does not alienate it from its own Western tradition. On the contrary, in this respect it also faithfully reflects both the Zeitgeist of the postwar period when it was written and, more generally, the post-Romantic, modernist concept of the poetic self. Much of the credit for this remarkable achievement and for the continuing seminal influence of this unique work is due to the profound cross-cultural insight of the project's leading poet, Paz.
Kindly Terror and Civic Fury: Eumenides and the Language of Myth
Authors: Pestell Ben 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In the conclusion of Aeschylus's Oresteia, Athena declares that deinon—typically translated “fear” or “terror”—should be held at the heart of the polis for all time. This move is allegorized by the enshrining of the Erinyes (or Furies) in the Athenian Acropolis. This has been interpreted variously as a charter for political absolutism, a justification of the repression of matrilineal relationships, or as an expression of the often paradoxical manifestation of divinity in Greek tragedy. This article argues that deinon is an example of Aeschylus's use of a mythical mode of thought that rational discourse cannot easily access. To elaborate the meaning of Athena's deinon, I examine its shifting role in the Oresteia, alongside that of the Erinyes, and find modern analogues in the ideas of the sublime and the uncanny. In these concepts, post-Enlightenment reason theorizes paradoxes that were inherent properties of mythical reality to the archaic mind. By exploring the correspondences between these ancient and modern terms, I demonstrate how Aeschylus unites mythical and political thought in a performance of myth that expresses and accommodates the logical anomalies of human experience.
Accelrated Reader Program: What do Teachers Really Think
Authors: Smith Amy Frances , Westberg Karen , Hejny Anne 
Published: June 2017

What do teachers really think about the Accelerated Reader program, a widely used supplemental, independent reading program in which their students read fiction and non-fiction books of their choice and take brief online comprehension quizzes about the books? The Accelerated Reader (AR) program was designed by Renaissance Learning Company to increase students’ motivation to read and students’ achievement in reading; however, a review of the literature reveals inconsistent findings about its outcomes. Very few studies have been conducted seeking teacher input as to whether the program to achieves its intended outcomes. The goal of this study is to survey teachers (Grades 3 – 8) who use AR as a curricular component of their literacy program. We sought to learn about how teachers use the program and perceive its effectiveness as well as how it impacts their students’ interest and achievement in reading. We gathered data using an online questionnaire from teachers in urban, rural, exurban and suburban school settings in both elementary and middle schools. Teachers were asked to respond to items based on a 4 –point scale from strongly disagree to strongly agree including an open-ended response section.The respondents were primarily from suburban and exurban districts and they have been using the program between 1-15 years. Most of the teachers indicated their students enjoy the program and most teachers require their students to take the AR quizzes.Results indicate most teachers believe that Accelerated Reader program motivates their students to read; however, they also recognize that AR is largely an accountability measure ensuring that their students read independently. Additionally, teachers recognize that AR measures comprehension at knowledge-recall level and is not an overall strong indicator of reading comprehension. Therefore, some teachers have made their own modifications to the program.
Adverse reactions to fluconazole: Illustrative case with focus on desensitization
Authors: Craig Timothy J. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Fluconazole is an azole antifungal agent. Because it can be taken orally, it is perferred over amphotericin B for long-term treatment. Indications for fluconazole are increasing. Reports of hypersensitivity have been described. If adequate alternative therapy is not available, desensitization may be necessary. Desensitization with fluconazole has not been described. The patient described in this report required fluconazole and was successfully desensitized after manifesting a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction. The patient underwent desensitization during a IS-day period. The starting dose was less than 0.001 dose, with doubling each day. During desensitization, the patient experienced a slight transient rash that resolved with continued therapy. After desensitization, he has continued using fluconazole daily without adverse effects. This report indicates that desensitization to fluconazole can be accomplished safely in selected patients. A suggested desensitization protocol is provided.
The anatomy of an OPTI: Part 2. The CORE system. Ohio Osteopathic Hospital Association. Ohio Association of Osteopathic Medical Directors. Ohio Osteopathic Association
Authors: Portanova Ronald , Meyers Christopher T , RN CherylRiley, , Baker Dennis , Bsc Brian Phillips, , Mann Douglas , Smith Charlene , Synder Gary , Ross-Lee Barbara 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In July 1995, the American Osteopathic Association (AOA) Board of Trustees passed new regulations regarding the accreditation of osteopathic graduate medical education (GME) by establishing the Osteopathic Postdoctoral Training institutions (OPTI) system. This system must be phased in by July 1999. The principal changes resulting from the OPTI system include establishing requirements for college cosponsorship of GME programs and for the number of residency programs, interns, and residents to be trained by the OPTI. In essence, OPTI is an osteopathic acronym for consortium. Each OPTI must include at least one college of osteopathic medicine (COM) and one AOA-accredited hospital. The OPTIs will be subject to interval AOA inspections and will be required to demonstrate a governing. system, mission statement, organizational structure, and the presence of faculty development programs. The first article in this two-part series, published in the October ]AOA, provided a general blueprint for OPTI building and presented both positive and negative issues germane to the formation of OPTIs. Part 2 reinforces the considerations outlined in Part 1 by describing the formation of a large OPTI-the Ohio University College of Osteopathic Medicine (OU-COM) Centers of Osteopathic Regional Education (CORE) system. Key features are described, including the mission statement, organizational structure, committee system, governance, GME programs, operations, and budget.
Der erste Schritt der Oxidation elementaren Schwefels – die Struktur des Schwefelradikalkations [S8].+ im Kristall
Authors: Derendorf Janis , Jenne Carsten , Keßler Mathias 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDie Oxidation elementaren Schwefels in supersauren Lösungen und Schmelzen ist eines der ältesten Themen der Hauptgruppenelementchemie. Dennoch konnten bisher lediglich drei homopolyatomare Schwefelkationen ([S4]2+, [S8]2+ und [S19]2+) kristallographisch charakterisiert werden, und das, obwohl EPR‐Untersuchungen Belege für die Existenz mindestens zweier weiterer homopolyatomarer Schwefelradikalkationen in Lösung lieferten. Hier wird erstmals die Struktur des homopolyatomaren Schwefelradikalkations [S8].+ im Kristall vorgestellt. Das Radikalkation [S8].+ repräsentiert die erste Oxidationsstufe des in elementarem Schwefel vorliegenden S8‐Moleküls. Die Struktur ähnelt der des bekannten [S8]2+‐Kations, wobei der transannulare Schwefel⋅⋅⋅Schwefel‐Abstand signifikant größer ist. Quantenchemische Rechnungen helfen für das Verständnis der Struktur und zeigen, dass es sich bei diesem Radikalkation um eine stabile Verbindung in Lösung handelt. Die Existenz des [S8].+‐Radikalkations ist in Übereinstimmung mit EPR‐Literaturdaten.
Effect of surface modification of silicon carbide nanoparticles on the properties of nanocomposites based on epoxidized natural rubber/natural rubber blends
Authors: Utara Songkot , Jantachum Punyarat , Sukkaneewat Benjatham 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTImprovement of the properties of rubber nanocomposites is a challenge for the rubber industry because of the need for higher performance materials. Addition of a nanometer‐sized filler such as silicon carbide (SiC) to enhance the mechanical properties of rubber nanocomposites has rarely been attempted. The main problem associated with using SiC nanoparticles as a reinforcing natural rubber (NR) filler compound is poor dispersion of SiC in the NR matrix because of their incompatibility. To solve this problem, rubber nanocomposites were prepared with SiC that had undergone surface modification with azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) and used as a filler in blends of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and natural rubber. The effect of surface modification and ENR content on the curing characteristics, dynamic mechanical properties, morphology and heat buildup of the blends were investigated. The results showed that modification of SiC with AIBN resulted in successful bonding to the surface of SiC. It was found that modified SiC nanoparticles were well dispersed in the ENR/NR matrix, leading to good filler‐rubber interaction and improved compatibility between the rubber and filler in comparison with unmodified SiC. The mechanical properties and heat buildup when modified SiC was used as filled in ENR/NR blends were improved. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45289.
Synthesis of novel pyridinium N‐chloramine precursors and its antimicrobial application on cotton fabrics
Authors: Li Lingdong , Chi Xiaofang , Gai Fangyuan , Zhou Hao , Zhang Fengxiang , Zhao (Kent) Zongbao 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTTo control pathogenic microbial contamination on polymeric material surface, it is pivotal to develop materials with efficacious antimicrobial activity. Two pyridinium N‐chloramine precursors containing a siloxane handle were synthesized, characterized, and grafted onto cotton fabrics. The attenuated total reflectance spectra and scanning electron microscope photo analysis indicated that the cotton fabric surface was successfully modified. The resultant chlorinated fabric samples were challenged against bacteria Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Results showed that: (1) the surface modified cotton fabrics displayed satisfactory biocidal efficacy; (2) the precursor structure played a major role on surface grafting and antibacterial activity. This work provides two promising pyridinium N‐chloramine precursors which hold potential application for preparing antibacterial textile materials. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45323.
Precise Control of the Lateral and Vertical Growth of Two‐Dimensional Ag Nanoplates
Authors: Tan Taixing , Yao Lili , Liu Huiling , Li Chengyu , Wang Cheng 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTuning localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is crucial for practical applications of two‐dimensional Ag nanoplates (AgNPs) and relies on the precise control of their lateral length or/and thickness. In the present seed‐mediated synthetic method, by taking advantage of underpotential deposition (UPD) of Cu on the (111) surfaces of AgNPs, a solely lateral growth of AgNPs was achieved when Cu(NO3)2 was employed, while a vertical growth of AgNPs could be attained by introducing CuCl2 into our growth solutions. The lateral length and the vertical thickness of the AgNPs could be tuned in the ranges of 115 to nearly 300 nm and 13.4 to around 200 nm, respectively. Along with control of the dimensional size of AgNPs, LSPR could also be tuned in the visible to near infrared range. Plausible growth mechanisms for the precise control of the lateral and vertical growth of AgNPs were proposed.
Tetrathiafulvalene–Polychlorotriphenylmethyl Dyads: Influence of Bridge and Open‐Shell Characteristics on Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties
Authors: Souto Manuel , Calbo Joaquín , Ratera Imma , Ortí Enrique , Veciana Jaume 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThree conjugated donor‐π‐acceptor radical systems (1 a–1 c) were prepared by bridging a tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) electron‐donor unit to a polychlorotriphenylmethyl (PTM) electron‐acceptor radical through vinylene units of different lengths. The dependence of the intramolecular charge transfer on the length of the conjugated bridge has been analyzed by different electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques. Linear optical properties and the second‐order nonlinear optical (NLO) response of these derivatives have been computed by comparing systems 1 a–1 c with the non‐radical analogues (2 a–2 c). Interestingly, an enhanced NLO response is predicted for dyads 1 a–1 c with PTM in the radical form and for compounds with longer vinylene bridges. Calculations confirm the active role the bridge plays for electronic communication between the donor TTF and the acceptor PTM units.
Cytologic perspectives on neoteric B‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders
Authors: Sturgis Charles D. , Monaco Sara E. , Sakr Hany , Pantanowitz Liron 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe 2008 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues has been recently revised, and publication of the updated 2016 version is expected soon. Given that cytopathologists are often involved in the diagnosis of primary, recurrent, and transformed lymphoproliferative disorders, knowledge of updates to the WHO lymphoma classification, including terminology, pathogenesis, ancillary techniques, and targeted therapies is necessary. Herein, we reference the last decade of cytology specific literature for seven newer B‐cell disorders and provide illustrative examples of each entity from our files.
Carbon dioxide injection in carbonate reservoirs – a review of CO2‐water‐rock interaction studies
Authors: Siqueira Tiago A. , Iglesias Rodrigo S. , Ketzer J. Marcelo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCarbon dioxide injection in geological formations is currently a common procedure in several reservoirs worldwide. More recently, it has been considered a permanent storage solution, avoiding emission to the atmosphere from large industrial sources. Also, it is largely employed in the oil & gas exploration industry, for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) operations. However, it is a known fact that injection of large amounts of CO2 into geological reservoirs may lead to a series of alterations due to chemical and physical interactions with minerals and fluids, especially in carbonate or carbonate‐rich reservoirs. Experimental and numerical models have been employed in many studies in the past, to investigate these effects on the geological environment. So far, most of these studies focused on siliciclastic formations, whereas carbonate reservoirs, which are known to be much more chemically reactive when interacting with CO2, were much less investigated. We present a review of experimental and numerical models that have been employed for studying CO2‐water‐rock interactions, and their application to the investigation of the impact in carbonate reservoir quality and integrity caused by the injection of carbon dioxide. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Application of CRISPR/Cas Technology to Efficiently Model Complex Cancer Genomes in Stem Cells
Authors: Albitar Adam , Rohani Bahar , Will Brett , Yan Annie , Gallicano G. Ian 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTCRISPR/Cas gene editing technologies have emerged as powerful tools in the study of oncogenic transformation. The system's specificity, versatility, and ease of implementation allow researchers to identify important molecular markers and pathways which grant cancers stem cell like properties. This technology has already been applied to researching specific cancers, but has seen restricted therapeutic applications due to inherent ethical and technical limitations. Active development and adaptation of the CRISPR/Cas system has produced new methods to take advantage of both non‐homologous end joining and homologous recombination repair mechanisms in attempts to remedy these limitations and improve the versatility of gene edits that can be created. Nonetheless, until issues with specificity and in vivo efficiency are resolved, utilization of CRISPR/Cas systems would be best employed in the modeling and study of various cancer genes. While it may have potential therapeutic applications to targeted cancer therapies in the future, presently CRISPR/Cas is a remarkable technique that can be utilized for easy and efficient gene editing when it comes to cancer research. J. Cell. Biochem. 119: 134–140, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Serum anti‐phenolic glycolipid—1 IgA correlates to IgM isotype in leprosy patients: a possible candidate for seroepidemiological surveys?
Authors: de Macedo Alexandre C. , Guimarães Juliana A. , Rodrigues Raphael O. , Araújo Thiago D. V. , Tavares Clodis M. , Cabral Paula B. , de Moraes‐Pinto Maria Isabel , Nagao‐Dias Aparecida T. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare serum anti‐phenolic glycolipid‐1 IgA, IgG, and IgM levels in leprosy patients and controls.MethodAnalysis of anti‐PGL‐1 IgA, IgG, or IgM in serum samples from multibacillary (MB, n=32) and paucibacillary (PB, n=22) leprosy patients, and in non‐endemic controls (n=17), using an indirect enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsA strong correlation between serum IgM and IgA isotypes was found (r=.745, P<.0001) in MB patients. A moderate correlation was found in all analyses in PB patients. A moderate agreement was found between anti‐PGL1 IgA and IgM tests. Based on the ROC curves, the cut‐off values were selected and the parameters of validation were calculated. Considering the clinical forms altogether, the diagnostic sensitivities were 50.0% for IgA, 22.2% for IgG, and 74.1% for IgM. The positive (VPP) and negative (VPN) predictive values were estimated for each isotype. For IgA, the VPP and VPN were, respectively, 100.0% (87.0%‐100.0%; 95% confidence interval) and 38.7% (24.4%‐54.5%); for IgG, 100% (87.0%‐100.0%) and 28.8% (17.8%‐42.1%), respectively; and for IgM, 95.2% (83.8%‐99.4%) and 51.7% (32.5%‐70.6%), respectively.ConclusionDespite the limiting factors, anti‐PGL1 IgA correlates to IgM levels and it could be considered as a possible laboratorial tool to be also used, for instance, in serological follow‐up studies.