bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Four‐Degrees‐of‐Freedom Modulation Strategy for Series Resonant DAB DC‐AC Application
Authors: Zhang Ruifeng , Khan Muhammad Mansoor , Zhao Jing , Mukhametdinova Adelina , Khan Muhammad Qasim 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIn this article, a bidirectional DC‐AC modulation strategy for series resonant dual active bridge converter (SR‐DAB) is proposed. This modulation strategy combines phase shift (PS) and variable frequency (VF), which utilize four control variables, namely, three PS ratios and switching frequency. Three of four control variables are used for every operating scenario. Modulation methods under both buck and boost modes are considered and designed to attain a wide voltage gain range. Situations when modulation variables reach near transition limits are also given attention by introducing the notion of transition mode to realize smooth transition. The modulation strategy is optimized and designed by considering the operating constraints and the power losses in all aspects. Comparison of this optimization strategy with other strategies is carried out to prove the advantages of the proposed strategy. Finally, a 500‐W prototype is designed and built, which can operate under the condition of input DC voltage 10–50 V and output AC voltage 220 Vrms, 50 Hz, and the measured peak efficiency reaches 96.2%.
Diagnostic Accuracy of the WHO System for Reporting Lung Cytopathology: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Shakthivel V. , Ahluwalia Charanjeet , Ahuja Sana , Ranga Sunil 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths globally, with early diagnosis crucial for improving survival. The 2023 WHO reporting system for lung cytopathology aims to standardize diagnostic criteria. This study assesses the system's diagnostic accuracy.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed 207 respiratory tract cytology samples (bronchoalveolar lavage/bronchial washing and endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration) from January 2023 to June 2024. Samples were classified into five WHO categories: Nondiagnostic, Benign, Atypical, Suspicious for Malignancy, and Malignant. Histological correlation was performed where available. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and diagnostic accuracy were calculated using histological diagnosis as the reference.ResultsPatients ranged from 27 to 87 years old, with a male‐to‐female ratio of 5.8:1. Sample distribution: Nondiagnostic (3.4%), Benign (63.7%), Atypical (6.3%), Suspicious for Malignancy (16.9%), and Malignant (9.6%). Histological correlation was available for 46.3% of cases. Risk of malignancy (ROM) was 25% for Nondiagnostic, 25.7% for Benign, 44.4% for Atypical, 93.5% for Suspicious for Malignancy, and 100% for Malignant. Highest sensitivity (84.75%) and NPV (74.29%) were achieved when Atypical, Suspicious for Malignancy, and Malignant categories were considered positive for malignancy.ConclusionThe 2023 WHO reporting system for lung cytopathology offers a standardized and accurate diagnostic framework, enhancing patient management. Further studies are recommended to validate these results.
Effects of Glucagon‐Like Peptide‐1 Receptor Agonist on Bone Mineral Density and Bone Turnover Markers: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Kim Hee‐Ju , Choi Seo‐A , Gu Min‐Sun , Ko Seo‐Yeong , Kwon Jae‐Hee , Han Ja‐Young , Kim Jae Hyun , Kim Myeong Gyu 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAimsGlucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1RA) may promote bone formation, but conversely, they could also weaken bones due to the reduction in mechanical load associated with weight loss. However, the clinical effects in humans have not been clearly demonstrated. This meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate whether GLP‐1RAs affect BMD and bone turnover markers.Material and MethodsPubMed, Embase, and Scopus were searched on June 13, 2024. The eligibility criteria were: (1) human studies, (2) receiving a GLP‐1RA for more than 4 weeks, (3) an untreated control group or a placebo group, (4) reporting of at least one BMD or bone turnover marker, and (5) an RCT design. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias 2 tool. Fixed‐ or random‐effects meta‐analysis was performed according to heterogeneity.ResultsSeven studies were included in the meta‐analysis. GLP‐1RAs did not significantly change BMD in the femoral neck (mean difference [MD], 0.01 g/cm2; 95% CI, −0.01–0.04 g/cm2), in the total hip (MD, −0.01 g/cm2; 95% CI, −0.02–0.01 g/cm2), and in the lumbar spine (MD, 0 g/cm2; 95% CI, −0.02–0.02 g/cm2). C‐terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX), a bone resorption marker, significantly increased after GLP‐1RA treatment (MD, 0.04 μg/L; 95% CI, 0.01–0.07 μg/L). GLP‐1RAs did not significantly change bone formation markers such as procollagen type 1 N‐terminal propeptide, bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin.ConclusionsGLP‐1RA did not affect BMD and bone formation markers. However, GLP‐1RAs led to a significant increase in CTX.
Meaningful Associations Between Motivation for Treatment and Interpersonal Needs Within a Residential Sample of Women With Eating Disorders
Authors: Billman Miller Marley G. , Gioia Ayla N. , Frietchen Rachel E. , Grunewald William , Bodell Lindsay , Smith April R. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivePerceived burdensomeness (PB) and thwarted belongingness (TB), two proximal risk factors for suicide, may rise during residential eating disorder (ED) treatment when patients are separated from support and face exorbitant costs of care. In this setting, fostering motivation for treatment is challenging, and low motivation for treatment may exacerbate feelings of PB and TB. Simultaneously, PB and TB could reduce motivation for treatment, though no studies have explored this relationship longitudinally. Accordingly, this study examined associations between interpersonal needs (TB, PB) and motivation for treatment across the first 6 weeks of residential ED treatment.MethodsParticipants (n = 98) completed the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ) and rated treatment motivation weekly. Pearson bivariate correlations examined the relationship between motivation and interpersonal needs at each timepoint. Two autoregressive cross‐lagged panel models (AR‐CLPMs) tested reciprocal relationships between these constructs longitudinally across the first 6 weeks of treatment.ResultsMotivation was significantly negatively correlated with PB and TB at all timepoints. In AR‐CLPM 1, Week 2 Motivation predicted Weeks 3 PB, then Week 3 PB predicted Week 4 Motivation. In AR‐CLPM 2, Week 2 TB predicted Week 3 Motivation, but Motivation did not predict TB at any timepoint.DiscussionThis study is the first to examine longitudinal relations between interpersonal needs and treatment motivation in residential ED care. PB and TB may influence one's motivation for treatment, although motivation and PB had a stronger reciprocal relationship than motivation and TB. Interpersonal needs should be addressed early in residential treatment to mitigate negative cycling.
Evidence for gene flow from the Gulf of Mexico to the Atlantic Ocean in bonnethead sharks (Sphyrna tiburo)
Authors: Black Kristina L. , Liu Kathy , Graham Jasmin R. , Wiley Tonya R. , Gardiner Jayne M. , Macdonald Catherine , Matz Mikhail V. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGene flow is important for maintaining the genetic diversity required for adaptation to environmental disturbances, though gene flow may be limited by site fidelity in small coastal sharks. Bonnethead sharks (Sphyrna tiburo)—a small coastal hammerhead species—demonstrate site fidelity, as females are philopatric while males migrate to mediate gene flow. Consequently, bonnetheads demonstrate population divergence with distance, and Atlantic populations are genetically distinct from those of the Gulf of Mexico. Indeed, Florida forms a vicariant zone between these two bodies of water for many marine species, including some sharks. However, while bonnetheads are expected to have limited dispersal, the extent and rate of bonnethead migration remain uncertain. Thus, we aimed to determine their dispersal capacity by evaluating connectivity between disparate populations from the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean. Using 10,733 SNPs derived from 2bRAD sequences, we evaluated genetic connectivity between Tampa Bay on the Gulf Coast of Florida and Biscayne Bay on the Atlantic coast of Florida. While standard analyses of genetic structure revealed slight but significant differentiation between Tampa Bay and Biscayne Bay populations, demographic history inference based on the site frequency spectrum favored a model without divergence. However, we also estimate that if population divergence occurred, it would have been recent (between 1500 and 4500 years ago), with continuous unidirectional gene flow from Tampa Bay to Biscayne Bay. Our findings support the hypothesis that bonnetheads can migrate over relatively large distances (>300 miles) to find mates. Together, these results provide optimism that under proper management, a small‐bodied globally endangered shark can undergo long migrations to sustain genetic diversity.
Photocatalyst‐Free Visible‐Light Induced Radical Difluoromethylation/Cyclization Cascade Reaction for the Synthesis of Difluoromethylated Oxindoles with Difluoromethyl Phenoxathiinium Salt
Authors: Long Hong‐Xin , Liu Guo‐Kai 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA photocatalyst‐free photoinduced radical difluoromethylation approach for the convenient synthesis of difluoromethylated oxindoles from N‐arylacrylamides with difluoromethyl phenoxathiinium salt (PT‐CF2H+BF4−) was developed, this transformation involves radical difluoromethylation/cyclization cascade process and features photocatalyst‐free, mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope and good functional groups tolerance. With this method, a wide variety of N‐arylacrylamides were successfully converted to desired difluoromethylated oxindoles in good to excellent yields.
The burden of chronic pain in transgender and gender diverse populations: Evidence from a large US clinical database
Authors: Tabernacki Tomasz , Gilbert David , Rhodes Stephen , Scarberry Kyle , Pope Rachel , McNamara Megan , Gupta Shubham , Banik Swagata , Mishra Kirtishri 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundChronic pain, affecting approximately 20% of the global population, is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Transgender individuals are disproportionately exposed to chronic pain risk factors compared with the cisgender population. This study compares the incidence of chronic pain between transgender and cisgender individuals and examines the impact of gender affirming hormone therapy, anxiety, and depression on chronic pain.MethodsThe study analysed medical records data of 56,470 transgender men and 41,882 transgender women in the TrinetX database. Six cohorts were created: transgender women either receiving oestrogen or no intervention, transgender men receiving testosterone or no intervention and cohorts of cisgender males and females. Unmatched age‐adjusted incidence rates were calculated. Then cohorts were matched on 22 chronic pain‐associated covariates and the rate of new chronic pain diagnoses was compared between those receiving hormone therapy and those without.ResultsWe observed significantly higher rates of chronic pain among transgender individuals compared with cisgender counterparts. Transgender men on testosterone therapy and transgender women on oestrogen therapy exhibited an increased likelihood of chronic pain diagnoses compared with those not receiving hormone therapy. Individuals with anxiety and depression were more likely to be diagnosed with chronic pain.ConclusionThis study demonstrates a significant burden of chronic pain in transgender individuals, with an increased risk among those receiving hormone therapy. Our study, the first to assess chronic pain in a large cohort of transgender patients, provides support for a potential association between hormone therapy and risk of chronic pain diagnosis. Further research is required to understand causal mechanisms and to develop improved screening and management of chronic pain in transgender populations.Significance StatementOur study, featuring the largest cohort of Transgender and Gender Diverse (TGD) individuals assembled to date, reveals critical disparities in chronic pain among TGD populations, notably those on hormone therapy, compared with the cisgender population. It highlights the urgent need for specialized screening and treatment for this vulnerable population, and research into hormone therapy's impact on pain. These insights aim to foster more effective, personalized healthcare, enhancing the well‐being and quality of life for the TGD community.
How does prolonged tennis playing affect lower limb muscles' activity during first and second tennis serves?
Authors: Hansen Clint , Teulier Caroline , Micallef Jean‐Paul , Millet Grégoire P. , Girard Olivier 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe examined the effect of prolonged tennis playing on lower limb muscles' activity during the execution of first and second tennis serves. Ten male competitive tennis players executed five first and second serves before (pretest) and after (posttest) a 3‐h tennis match. Surface electromyographic (EMG) activity of four lower limb muscles (vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, gastrocnemius lateralis, and soleus muscles) on each leg was recorded along with maximum ball velocity measured by a radar gun and peak vertical forces recorded by a force platform. For the vastus lateralis, gastrocnemius lateralis, and soleus muscles of the left leg as well as the vastus lateralis muscle of the right leg, EMG amplitude decreased from pre‐ to posttests (p ≤ 0.033). These reductions in the EMG signal were generally more pronounced in the first serve (i.e., ranging from −10% to −40%) compared to the second serve (0% to −25%). Maximum ball velocity for both first (159 ± 12 vs. 154 ± 12 km/h) and second (126 ± 20 vs. 125 ± 15 km/h) serves remained unchanged from pre‐ to posttests (p = 0.638) Similarly, peak vertical forces did not differ between pretest and posttest for both first (1.78 ± 0.30 vs. 1.72 ± 0.29 body weight) and second (1.62 ± 0.25 vs. 1.75 ± 0.23 body weight) serves (p = 0.730). In conclusion, a 3‐h tennis match led to decreased activation levels in various leg muscles during serves, particularly in first serves compared to second serves. Despite consistent maximum ball velocity and peak vertical forces, these reductions in EMG signals suggest that skilled tennis players may adopt compensatory strategies after prolonged play.
Survival After the Diagnosis of Mild‐to‐Moderate Alzheimer's Disease Dementia: A 15‐Year National Cohort Study in Taiwan
Authors: Sun Yu , Liu Chih‐Ching , Li Chung‐Yi , Chiu Ming‐Jang 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesPharmacological and non‐pharmacological interventions are mostly designed for patients with early Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. Long‐term case management and planning for the remainder of life with disability require an estimation of the survival duration.MethodsThis cohort study utilized data from the National Health Insurance Research Database, Taiwan, to identify incident cases of mild‐to‐moderate AD dementia diagnosed from 2000 to 2002, followed through December 31, 2017. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model was constructed to compare the independent effects of age, sex, and comorbidities on all‐cause mortality risk. Cumulative survival rates and survival times were estimated.ResultsA total of 5258 incident cases were identified, all treated with cholinesterase inhibitors after diagnosis confirmation by an expert committee. During the 15‐year follow‐up period, 4331 deaths occurred. The 1‐, 3‐, 5‐, 10‐, and 15‐year cumulative survival rates were 95, 92, 67, 37, and 18, respectively. The median (95% CI) survival time after diagnosis was 7.69 (7.46–7.90) years overall, 6.37 (6.06–6.65) years in men, and 8.81 (8.49–9.12) years in women. After stratification by age and number of comorbidities, the median survival time ranged from 13.72 (ages 40–64) to 5.29 (ages ≥ 80) years among those without comorbidities. For those with ≥ 3 comorbidities, the median survival times decreased to 6.43 for individuals diagnosed at ages 40–64 and to 2.98 years for those diagnosed at age 80 or older.ConclusionsThis nationwide, large, long‐term cohort study provided survival rates and durations from diagnosis to death, varying by sex, age group, and presence/number of comorbidities. This information can serve as a foundation for further cost‐effectiveness studies on new treatments, and may aid clinicians, patients, and families in shared decision‐making and advance personalized care planning for early dementia cases.
Structural and functional brain alterations in laryngeal dystonia: A coordinate‐based activation likelihood estimation meta‐analysis
Authors: Kshatriya Nyah , Battistella Giovanni , Simonyan Kristina 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLaryngeal dystonia (LD) is an isolated, task‐specific, focal dystonia characterized by intermittent spasms of laryngeal muscles impairing speech production. Although recent studies have demonstrated neural alterations in LD, the consistency of findings across studies is not well‐established, limiting their translational applicability. We conducted a systematic literature search to identify studies reporting stereotactic coordinates of peak structural and functional abnormalities in LD patients compared to healthy controls, followed by a coordinate‐based activation likelihood estimation meta‐analysis. A total of 21 functional and structural neuroimaging studies, including 31 experiments in 521 LD patients and 448 healthy controls, met the study inclusion criteria. The multimodal meta‐analysis of these studies identified abnormalities in the bilateral primary motor cortices, the left inferior parietal lobule and striatum, the right insula, and the supplementary motor area in LD patients compared to healthy controls. The meta‐analytical findings reinforce the current view of dystonia as a neural network disorder and consolidate evidence for future investigations probing these targets with new therapies.
Changes in snow‐dominated streamflow quantity and timing following an extensive wildfire in British Columbia
Authors: Spencer Sheena A. , Winkler Rita D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe length and frequency of extreme fire weather has increased across the globe in recent decades, with potential deleterious consequences to streamflow quantity, timing and quality. Changes in the hydrologic regime following wildfire can have substantial downstream consequences, affecting communities and ecosystems through flooding, erosion, loss of habitat and degraded water quality. While there are many studies that address post‐wildfire hydrology across the globe, there are few studies in the snow‐dominated regions. The 2017 Elephant Hill wildfire in south‐central BC burned across or adjacent to four watersheds with long‐term streamflow gauges providing a rare opportunity to evaluate hydrologic change. Several approaches were used to identify patterns of change following the wildfire, all of which suggest increased post‐fire flows. The before‐after‐control‐impact design showed significant increases in annual, spring and summer water yield from the small (49 km2) Arrowstone Creek watershed (30%, 21% and 86%, respectively). Significant increases in spring water yield were observed in the larger (5318 km2) Bonaparte River watershed (48%). Annual and summer water yield increased in the Bonaparte River (31% and 58%, respectively) but these changes were not statistically significant. In both the Bonaparte River and Arrowstone Creek, the onset of spring freshet (26 days earlier in both) was significantly advanced, however, the timing of maximum snowmelt discharge was significantly advanced (27 days earlier) only in Arrowstone Creek. Smaller changes were also observed in the reference watersheds; however, these were not statistically significant. The difference in results between the small and large watershed, as well as the effects of weather and watershed attributes, highlight the need for continued research into the relationships between wildfire and hydrologic regime across diverse landscapes.
Spatio‐temporal wet snow dynamics from model simulations and remote sensing: A case study from the Rofental, Austria
Authors: Rottler Erwin , Warscher Michael , Hanzer Florian , Strasser Ulrich 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe formation and concentration of liquid water (LW) in the snowpack constitute key processes linking snow and runoff. Hence, the LW content of the snowpack represents a crucial target variable to investigate for snowmelt‐induced runoff predictions. In this study, we capture the wet snow dynamics at higher than hectometre resolution in the alpine headwater catchment Rofental, Tyrol, Austria (98.1 km2) by means of distributed model simulations and remote sensing data for the 5 year period 10/2017–09/2022. The model simulations are conducted using the intermediate complexity open‐source snow‐hydrological model openAMUNDSEN. Simulation results are compared to wet snow maps (WSM) derived from Sentinel‐1 data. Our investigations indicate that distributed snow models of intermediate complexity, such as openAMUNDSEN and satellite‐based wet snow data are well capable of capturing the wet snow dynamics in high spatial and temporal resolutions. The areal extents of wet snow as well as the upward movement of the wet snow line to higher elevation with progressing snowmelt are captured well by both approaches. In order to evaluate the snow simulations, we use fractional snow cover (FSC) data based on Sentinel‐2, which proved to provide valuable small‐scale snow and snow redistribution patterns in alpine catchments. The comparison of model simulations with FSC maps with more than 50% of the non‐glaciated area being cloud‐free (i.e. 364 images) results in an accuracy of 0.91. This study represents a further step towards a serviceable operational snow‐hydrological monitoring and modelling framework for mountain regions including wet snow dynamics in high spatial and temporal resolutions.
Negative pressure wound therapy for the management of deep brain stimulation‐related surgical site infections: A retrospective case series
Authors: Yan Si‐Yu , Liu Yi‐Fan , Zhou Yi‐Cheng , Gao Yuan , Wu Yang , Deng Hao , Yang Cheng‐Hao , Guan Jun‐Wen , Wang Wei , Tian Rui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe management of deep brain stimulation (DBS)‐related surgical site infection (SSI) is challenging. This article aimed to report the efficacy of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in treating DBS‐related SSI while preserving all DBS devices. As a retrospective case series in a single center, localized DBS‐related SSI was treated with complete debridement and NPWT, with preserving all DBS devices. Successful infection control was defined as no clinical or microbiological evidence of recurrent infection 3 months after NPWT. Five patients (three females, two males, median age: 64 years) received NPWT for their DBS‐related SSI. The infection was located in the chest, parietal, and retroauricular areas. Only one patient had the extension wires removed due to the heavy contamination, while no DBS devices were removed in the other patients. All patients showed successful infection control without any remarkable side effects 3 months after debridement and NPWT. These findings suggest that NPWT may effectively promote wound healing with a high probability of preserving all DBS devices in DBS‐related SSI.