bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roquin Paralogs Differentially Regulate Functional NKT Cell Subsets
Authors: Drees Christoph , Vahl J. Christoph , Bortoluzzi Sabrina , Heger Klaus D. , Fischer Julius C. , Wunderlich F. Thomas , Peschel Christian , Schmidt-Supprian Marc 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
NKT cells represent a small subset of glycolipid-recognizing T cells that are heavily implicated in human allergic, autoimmune, and malignant diseases. In the thymus, precursor cells recognize self-glycolipids by virtue of their semi-invariant TCR, which triggers NKT cell lineage commitment and maturation. During their development, NKT cells are polarized into the NKT1, NKT2, and NKT17 subsets, defined through their cytokine-secretion patterns and the expression of key transcription factors. However, we have largely ignored how the differentiation into the NKT cell subsets is regulated. In this article, we describe the mRNA-binding Roquin-1 and -2 proteins as central regulators of murine NKT cell fate decisions. In the thymus, T cell–specific ablation of the Roquin paralogs leads to a dramatic expansion of NKT17 cells, whereas peripheral mature NKT cells are essentially absent. Roquin-1/2–deficient NKT17 cells show exaggerated lineage-specific expression of nearly all NKT17-defining proteins tested. We show through mixed bone marrow chimera experiments that NKT17 polarization is mediated through cell-intrinsic mechanisms early during NKT cell development. In contrast, the loss of peripheral NKT cells is due to cell-extrinsic factors. Surprisingly, Roquin paralog–deficient NKT cells are, in striking contrast to conventional T cells, compromised in their ability to secrete cytokines. Altogether, we show that Roquin paralogs regulate the development and function of NKT cell subsets in the thymus and periphery.
<i>Hilasterion</i> and imperial ideology: A new reading of Romans 3:25
Authors: Wilson Mark 
Published: February 2017

Paul uses the hapax legomenon ίλαστήριον in Romans 3:25. Pauline scholars have discussed the background for Paul’s use of the word, whether from the LXX, Second Temple practice or pagan inscriptions. Two altars were found in the Asian city of Metropolis in the early 1990s with the dedication Καίσαρος ἱλαστηρίου. This article discusses their discovery, the history of Metropolis and the possible relationship of Paul to the city. It explores the date of the erection of the altars by establishing a viable sitz im leben early in the reign of Augustus. It then traces the semantic history of the ίλαστήριον and attempts to establish its possible meaning within Pauline theology. Finally, the question whether ίλαστήριον should be added to the vocabulary of imperial ideology in Paul’s writings is addressed.
Glaucoma Surgery in Scleromalacia: Using Endoscopic Cyclophotocoagulation where Conventional Filtration Surgery or Angle Procedures are contraindicated
Authors: Lindfield Dan , Stanford Miles R , Goyal Saurabh 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
To describe the surgical management of glaucoma in a patient with severe scleromalacia, and secondary angle closure.

Introduction
The management of glaucoma with coexisting scleromalacia plus secondary angle closure is challenging as most commonly performed incisional glaucoma surgery as well as minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS), which targets the drainage angle are all contraindicated.

Case report
Medically refractory glaucoma in a 60-year-old male with a 30-year history of granulomatosis with polyangiitis resulting in extensive severe scleromalacia, cicatricial lower lid retraction with significant conjunctival exposure, and widespread synechial angle closure from chronic anterior uveitis was managed with combined phacoemulsification cataract surgery, and endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation (ECP). Careful postoperative management with intensive immunosuppression was used to successfully prevent complications related to the surgery, which resulted in improved visual acuity, and control of intraocular pressure (IOP).

Conclusion
The ECP is a minimally invasive procedure that targets inflow of aqueous, and can be safely and successfully used to control IOP in challenging patients with complex secondary glaucoma, where the use of traditional incisional surgery, and other MIGS procedures are all contraindicated.

Clinical significance
The choice of surgical treatment for medically refractory glaucoma needs to be selected based on the circumstances of individual patients, and take into consideration the condition of the sclera, conjunctiva and drainage angle, against the safety and efficacy of possible treatments.

How to cite this article
Rodrigues IAS, Lindfield D, Stanford MR, Goyal S. Glaucoma Surgery in Scleromalacia: Using Endoscopic Cyclophotocoagulation where Conventional Filtration Surgery or Angle Procedures are contraindicated. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2017;11(2):73-75.
Clinical Experience with the M4 Ahmed Glaucoma Drainage Implant
Authors: Sluch Ilya , Gudgel Brett , Dvorak Justin , Ahluwalia Mary Anne , Ding Kai , Vold Steve , Sarkisian Steven 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
Aim
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the M4 (porous polyethylene plate) Ahmed Glaucoma Valve (AGV) drainage implant in a multicenter retrospective study.

Materials and methods
A retrospective chart review of medical records of patients who had undergone the M4 Ahmed valve was performed from January 2013 to April 2015. The primary outcome measure was surgical failure defined as: Less than a 20% reduction in baseline intraocular pressure (IOP) to last follow-up visit, final IOP less than 5 mm Hg or greater than 18 mm Hg, reoperation for glaucoma, or loss of light perception vision. All eyes not meeting the above criteria were defined as success.

Results
A total of 291 eyes met all study inclusion criteria. The average follow-up in the study was 6 months (±7.6 months) with 112 patients achieving 12-month follow-up (38.5%). 208 eyes (71.5%) met the study success criteria at final follow-up. No statistically significant spikes in postoperative IOP at 1 and 4 months were detected. The average preoperative IOP was 26.0 on an average of 2.8 medications. At 6 months, the average IOP dropped to 16.7 on 0.9 medications and stayed relatively stable at 15.8 on 1.2 medications at 12-month follow-up.

Conclusion
The M4 valve appears to have less of a hypertensive phase compared with the other Ahmed class valves with a similar safety profile. While 71.5% success rate was achieved at final follow-up, the failure rate steadily increased over time.

Clinical significance
While the M4 production has been discontinued, the porous design of the M4 may avoid a pressure spike in the Ahmed valve class and warrants future investigation for valve design.

How to cite this article
Sluch I, Gudgel B, Dvorak J, Ahluwalia MA, Ding K, Vold S, Sarkisian S. Clinical Experience with the M4 Ahmed Glaucoma Drainage Implant. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2017;11(3):92-96.
A complete glacier inventory of the Antarctic Peninsula based on Landsat 7 images from 2000 to 2002 and other preexisting data sets
Authors: Huber Jacqueline , Cook Alison J. , Paul Frank , Zemp Michael 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The glaciers on the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) potentially make a large contribution to sea level rise. However, this contribution has been difficult to estimate since no complete glacier inventory (outlines, attributes, separation from the ice sheet) is available. This work fills the gap and presents a new glacier inventory of the AP north of 70° S, based on digitally combining preexisting data sets with geographic information system (GIS) techniques. Rock outcrops have been removed from the glacier basin outlines of Cook et al. (2014) by intersection with the latest layer of the Antarctic Digital Database (Burton-Johnson et al., 2016). Glacier-specific topographic parameters (e.g., mean elevation, slope and aspect) as well as hypsometry have been calculated from the DEM of Cook et al. (2012). We also assigned connectivity levels to all glaciers following the concept by Rastner et al. (2012). Moreover, the bedrock data set of Huss and Farinotti (2014) enabled us to add ice thickness and volume for each glacier. The new inventory is available from the Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) database (doi:10.7265/N5V98602) and consists of 1589 glaciers covering an area of 95 273 km2, slightly more than the 89 720 km2 covered by glaciers surrounding the Greenland Ice Sheet. Hence, compared to the preexisting data set of Cook et al. (2014), this data set covers a smaller area and one glacier less due to the intersection with the rock outcrop data set. The total estimated ice volume is 34 590 km3, of which one-third is below sea level. The hypsometric curve has a bimodal shape due to the unique topography of the AP, which consists mainly of ice caps with outlet glaciers. Most of the glacierized area is located at 200–500 m a.s.l., with a secondary maximum at 1500–1900 m. Approximately 63 % of the area is drained by marine-terminating glaciers, and ice-shelf tributary glaciers cover 35 % of the area. This combination indicates a high sensitivity of the glaciers to climate change for several reasons: (1) only slightly rising equilibrium-line altitudes would expose huge additional areas to ablation, (2) rising ocean temperatures increase melting of marine terminating glaciers, and (3) ice shelves have a buttressing effect on their feeding glaciers and their collapse would alter glacier dynamics and strongly enhance ice loss (Rott et al., 2011). The new inventory should facilitate modeling of the related effects using approaches tailored to glaciers for a more accurate determination of their future evolution and contribution to sea level rise.
Spatio-temporal approach to moving window block kriging of satellite data v1.0
Authors: Tadić Jovan M. , Qiu Xuemei , Miller Scot , Michalak Anna M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Numerous existing satellites observe physical or environmental properties of the Earth system. Many of these satellites provide global-scale observations, but these observations are often sparse and noisy. By contrast, contiguous, global maps are often most useful to the scientific community (i.e., Level 3 products). We develop a spatio-temporal moving window block kriging method to create contiguous maps from sparse and/or noisy satellite observations. This approach exhibits several advantages over existing methods: (1) it allows for flexibility in setting the spatial resolution of the Level 3 map, (2) it is applicable to observations with variable density, (3) it produces a rigorous uncertainty estimate, (4) it exploits both spatial and temporal correlations in the data, and (5) it facilitates estimation in real time. Moreover, this approach only requires the assumption that the observable quantity exhibits spatial and temporal correlations that are inferable from the data. We test this method by creating Level 3 products from satellite observations of CO2 (XCO2) from the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT), CH4 (XCH4) from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) and solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2). We evaluate and analyze the difference in performance of spatio-temporal vs. recently developed spatial kriging methods.
Comparison and Translation: A Perspective from Actor-Network Theory
Authors: Felski Rita 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
What can scholars of comparative literature learn from other fields about theories and practices of comparison? This article turns to actor-network theory (ANT) and its explorations of translation, comparison, and similar terms. ANT, it argues, offers an intriguing angle on such modes of relation. In literary studies, comparison has often been subject to stringent critique, accused of imposing false equivalences and oppressive forms of homogenization. Perhaps, however, we can flip things around, reassessing critique via a stress on the complexities of comparison. ANT, as we will see, offers a relational ontology, in contrast to the ethos of negativity that has dominated literary studies in recent years.
The Rhetorical Aesthetics of More: On Archival Magnitude
Authors: Rice Jenny 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTThe Aristotelian concept of magnitude (megethos) can expand our understanding of how abundant information accumulates in ways that expand beyond epistemic registers, creating a sense of coherence. This sense of coherence, in turn, is more of an aesthetic effect than the result of epistemic validity drawn from that evidentiary abundance. In this article, I explore two different examples of archival magnitude: one is the fine-grained enormity of conspiracy discourse and the second is the large-scale quantities that power big data. These examples of archival magnitude are simply two narratives through which to explore the aesthetic and rhetorical operation of megethos. By redefining discourses that call on magnitude—the power of more—as aesthetic discourse, we may also find that the most fitting response is likewise an aesthetic one.
Functional Bracing After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lowe Walter R. , Warth Ryan J. , Davis Elizabeth P. , Bailey Lane 
Published: February 2017

Introduction:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the current literature on the use of functional knee braces after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with respect to clinical and in vivo biomechanical data.

Methods:
A systematic search of both the PubMed and Embase databases was performed to identify all studies that reported clinical and/or in vivo biomechanical results of functional bracing versus nonbracing after ACL reconstruction. Extracted data included study design, surgical reconstruction techniques, postoperative rehabilitation protocols, objective outcomes, and subjective outcomes scores. The in vivo biomechanical data collected included kinematics, strength, function, and proprioception. Subjective clinical outcomes scores were collected when available. Quality appraisal analyses were performed using the Cochrane Collaboration tools for randomized and nonrandomized trials to aid in data interpretation.

Results:
Fifteen studies met the selection criteria (including 3 randomized trials [level II], 11 nonrandomized trials [level II], and 1 retrospective comparative study [level III]), with follow-up intervals ranging from 3 to 48 months. Most studies were designed to compare the effects of functional bracing versus nonbracing on subjective and objective results in patients who underwent previous primary ACL reconstruction. Functional bracing significantly improved kinematics of the knee joint and improved gait kinetics, although functional bracing may decrease quadriceps activation without affecting functional tests, range of motion, and proprioception. Four studies reported no differences in subjective outcomes scores with brace use; however, one study reported increased patient confidence with brace use, whereas another study reported decreased pain and quicker return to work when the brace was not used.

Conclusions:
The effectiveness of postoperative functional bracing following ACL reconstruction remains elusive. Some data suggest that functional bracing may have some benefit with regard to in vivo knee kinematics and may offer increased protection of the implanted graft after ACL reconstruction without sacrificing function, range of motion, or proprioception. However, limited evidence exists supporting the use of routine functional bracing to decrease the rate of reinjury after ACL reconstruction.
Robots en arbeid: technologisch determinisme revisited?
Authors: Dekker Fabian 
Published: February 2017

Robots and employment: technological determinism revisited?
In today’s debate on the impact of new technology on employment, many fear that robots will substitute human labour. Due to increased exposure to market pressure and the decline in union power, the adoption of new technology at the workplace is perceived as an inevitable course in order to remain competitive. This rejects the basic principles behind organizational choice theory: the idea that technology is shaped by social agency. Analysis of qualitative data from 23 in-depth interviews in two sectors of the Dutch economy shows that the use of robotics at the workplace is far more limited than anticipated.
Als je merkt dat niemand het merkt
Authors: Schuyt C.J.M. 
Published: February 2017

If you notice that no one notices. On science fraud
In this article the author deals with some issues concerning fraud in science. First, he wonders if this is a new phenomenon. After exploring the definition of scientific fraud he sets the inquiry to the prevalence of this phenomenon. Various recent science fraud cases are discussed, as well as possible explanations for science fraud. Finally, the author formulates a criminological-oriented hypothetical explanation, which opposes frequently heard explanations dealing with contemporary problems in the universities, such as the publication pressure.
Drones: zegen of vloek?
Authors: Elands P.J.M. 
Published: February 2017

Drones: a blessing or a curse?
This article discusses the risks of the use of drones in airspace. The author describes the various applications of drones and the impact of drones on society. Which laws and rules apply in the Netherlands for the use of drones? What changes should be made so that public safety is guaranteed while the development of beneficial forms of drone use can continue to flourish?
The Benefits of Using ICT in the EFL Classroom: From Perceived Utility to Potential Challenges
Authors: Azmi Noureddine 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Research has shown that the use of Info-Tech in the EFL classroom can improve and enhance students′ language acquisition and substantially motivate them to continue their learning and stimulate their creativity and passion. However, the challenges and barriers that many EFL teachers and professors encounter while attempting to incorporate ICT in their teaching have triggered debates and growing concerns about the real utility of ICT use in the language classroom. So, do these benefits provide tangible evidence for the improvement of English language teaching and learning or are they just knickknacks that are beautiful rather than useful? Does the use of ICT in the EFL classroom boost learning and provide an environment for a more productive and varied learning? Research findings show that the use of information technology in the language classroom boosts autonomous learning, maximises targeted outcomes, motivates learners and helps them improve their performance in the EFL classroom. However, using ICT without careful planning and well-defined objectives will more likely be a waste of time and effort.
The Teacher Mentor’s Need for Pedagogical Instruction at Bethlehem University
Authors: Mizel Omar 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The professional literature extensively discusses the needs of the student for emotional and cognitive development; this topic has been neglected in connection with pedagogical instruction. A prominent scholar who deals with this topic is A.H. Maslow (1956), who argues that we are all born with needs that direct us toward growth, development and self-realization. No systematic research studies have yet been conducted on the subject of the student’s needs in this respect, and the lack of a methodical approach to that subject is sorely felt. The identification of these needs could increase collaboration and trust between the teacher training college and the school. The sample in the present study consisted of 15 teacher mentors - 9 males and 6 females - who participated in an action research study on the topic of pedagogical instruction. The central tools chosen for this study were interviews, documentation and observation of a course in the process of its being taught. The findings point to the difficulty teacher mentors encounter in the fulfillment of their needs, including even their basic needs, and to the result that the teacher mentors′ feelings of alienation and their distrust of pedagogical instruction makes it hard for them to build a cooperative relationship. One of the recommendations is to develop an organizational structure that will invite all the participants in the pedagogical instruction encounter to work together so that they will all feel that they are vital to the success of their fellow participants.
The Macroeconomic Landscape of Post-Apartheid South Africa: A Critical Review of the Effect of the Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment (BBBEE) Program on the Success of Female SMEs Operators
Authors: Irene B.N.O. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Previous business research has highlighted the impact of government policy in the processes of formulating business strategies and in the decision-making process of organizations. In the South African context, a review of this impact on organizational strategy is for the most part important especially after the fall of apartheid as businesses have been saddled with widespread institutional change the purpose of which is to redress historic inequalities that characterized the apartheid regime. Specifically, the introduction of a far-reaching B-BBEE policy aimed at increasing participation of PIDs in economic activities. Previous researchers have been focused on the impact of B-BBEE policy on mergers and acquisitions, strategic decisions and value chain structures, as well as ROEs. The current report from STATS-SA indicates that the failure rate for women-owned businesses remains at a high rate despite the implementation of the B-BBEE policy. Therefore, research on the impact of BBBEE on business strategy and success of female SMMEs operators may provide an accurate and deep understanding that will be beneficial to policymakers because of the social pressures to emphasis more on a 'broad-based' BEE (B-BBEE) policy aimed at increasing the participation of the black population (and in particular women) in economic activities as well as increasing the number of black ownership in businesses or creating employment for the black population. This study used appropriate data tools and techniques to analyze the data drawn from a sample of female entrepreneurs in South Africa. The study applies culturally instantiated facets of the debate on gender entrepreneurship as part of a detailed and empirically sophisticated consideration of the status of female entrepreneurship within South Africa. This paper involves an in-depth survey using the ten dimensions of business performance as a basis to study small South African women-owned businesses given that the approach is useful in the development of a theory in fields where not much research has been undertaken. The businesses studied for this research are based on a setting where B-BBEE program is a principal factor in the strategic framework of the South African female business owner. This paper contributes to existing literature on the implications of the BBBEE program on SMEs by studying the relationship between business strategies, outcomes, and the B-BBEE program.