bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Registered and Experimental Insecticides for Control of First-Generation European Corn Borer, 1997
Authors: Shaw J. T. , Steffey K. L. , Gray M. E. , Finger J. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Each plot consisted of four 30-inch-wide by 100-ft-long rows with four replications. Treatments were applied to the center two rows of each plot leaving two untreated rows between each plot. A RCB design with four replications was utilized. Two untreated check plots were included in each replication and were averaged for the ANOVA. On 27 Jun, 10 consecutive plants in each of the middle two rows of a 4-row plot were in-fested by placing two ECB egg masses (black-head stage) in the whorl of each plant. On the day of infestation, corn plants were in the 5-6-leaf stage. All insecticide treatments were applied with a modified John Deere 6000 high-clearance vehicle (HCV). Granular insecticides applied on 2 July, were metered through Noble units mounted in brackets on the rear of the HCV. The Noble units were driven with electric motors, and the granules were applied over the whorls in a 7-inch band. The planting-time liquid treatments of Regent 4 SC 0.13 lb (AI)/acre were applied 15 May using microtubes directed into the furrow and calibrated to deliver 1.0 gpa at 20 psi and 3.0 mph. The post-infestation liquid insecticides were applied on 2 Jul with two 8003 TeeJet flat-fan nozzles (one per row) in a band over the row with a compressed-air system calibrated to deliver 9.7 gpa at 20 psi and a speed of 2.5 mph. The height of the nozzles above the whorls was 10 to 12 inches.
Evaluation of In-Furrow Insecticides for Control of Thrips on Cotton, 1997A
Authors: Howell Michael S. , Reed Jack T. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were evaluated at the North Mississippi Research and Extension Center in Verona, Mississippi, in a RCB design with 4 replications. Plot size was 4 rows wide (38-inch row spacing) by fifty feet long. Insecticides applied in-furrow at planting on 12 May were applied with belt-cone applicators (Temik, Orthene, and Thimet treatments). On 15 Jul CGA-293343 5 FS was mixed with liquid fertilizer for one treatment, and knifed into the soil approximately 2 inches from the row. Five plants/plot were collected at random by cutting plants at ground level with scissors and gently placing them into Ziploc bags for transport to the lab. Thrips were than washed off the samples onto filter paper and were counted. Adults were identified to species under dissection microscope. During the evaluation, there was a total of 10.81 inches of rainfall, and adequate rainfall continued throughout the growing season. Yield (lb seed cotton/acre) was determined by mechanically harvesting the center 2 rows of each plot, and calculating yield based on measurement of the actual area picked.
Effects of Insecticides on Thrips Populations, Peanut Injury, Growth, and Yield, 1996
Authors: Mulder P. G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Efficacy of selected in-secticides was evaluated for tobacco thrips control and for effects on growth and yield of ‘Okrun’ runner-type peanut in Ft. Cobb, OK. Peanuts were planted on 36-inch rows on 21 May. Granular insecticides were applied into the seed furrow at planting with a tractor-mounted John Deere granular applicator. The hopperbox Orthene treatment was planted last, to avoid planter box contamination. Preweighted amounts of Orthene 75 S were added evenly over the seed, llternating one-third seed then one-third chemical, until the boxes were filled. Foliar treatments were applied after plant emergence using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 20 gpa at 30 psi through one 8004 E flat-fan nozzle per row. Post-emergent treatments were applied 19 days after planting (9 Jun). A RCB experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows wide by 50 ft long. Treatments were evaluated by comparing plant stand counts per 1/1000 of an acre, and injury ratings were based on a 0 to 10 scale: 0 = no thrips-injured leaves; 10 = 100% injured leaves and dead plants. In addition, thrips control was evaluated by collecting 5 unopened quadrifoliate leaves per plot on 3, 13, 20, and 27 Jun. Unopened leaves were placed in vials of alcohol and returned to the laboratory where adult and larval thrips were separated and counted under a dissecting microscope. Yields were based on digging, combining, drying, and weighing peanuts from 2 rows of each plot. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD procedures.
Evaluation of Dimilin for Rice Water Weevil Control, 1995
Authors: Muegge M. A. , Barbour J. D. , Rice W. C. , Bollich P. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Dimilin was evaluated for control of adult rice water weevil at the Rice Research Station, Crowley, LA. Collectively levied plots, 5 X 20 ft, were arranged in a RBD with 4 blocks and 5 treatments with sub-sample nesting within the block X treatment effect. Fertilizer was incorporated pre-plant and applied broadcast 3 wk post-flood at 90 lb (13-13-13) and 50 lb (21-0-0) N-P-K/acre respectively. Plots were water seeded 29 May with pre-soaked ‘Cyprus’ rice at 138 lb seed/acre to Crowley silt loam and permanently flooded 8 Jun. Foliar applications of Dimilin 25 W were made at 0.25 or 0.125 lb (AI)/acre. Furadan 3 G was applied at RWW threshold (5 larvae/sample) at 0.6 lb (AI)/acre using a hand-held shaker. Dimilin 25 W applications were made using a CO2 backpack sprayer delivering 15 gpa at 16 psi with 80015VS flat-fan spray nozzles on a 3 ft boom. Rice water weevil eggs were counted from 5 randomly selected plants per plot beginning 2 d after flood then weekly until RWW threshold. Three randomly selected soil samples per plot were taken 26 Jun, 3 and 11 Jul using a 4 X 4 in core sampler. Individual samples were washed through a funnel, fitted with wire screen, into a 35-mesh screen sieve. Collected RWW larvae and pupae were floated in a saturated NaCl solution, and counted. Rough rice yield (lb/acre) was determined by hand-harvesting one random 3-ft2 sample per plot on 19 Sep. Moisture content of harvested grain was determined and standardized to 12% for determination of rough rice yield. RWW larval data were log transformed to improve normality. All data were subjected to ANOVA. Experimental and sampling error terms for the RWW larval data were tested for homogeneity of variances, and pooled error terms were used to test the treatment effect when appropriate. Protected least significant difference (LSD) was used for treatment mean separation.
Control of Rice Water Weevil with Karate in a Water-Seeded, Pinpoint Flood Culture, 1997
Authors: Way M. O. , Wallace R. G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont and was designed as a RCB with 6 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was 15 ft X 8 ft and surrounded by a metal barrier to prevent movement of insecticide and fertilizer. On 19 Apr, plots were fertilized with urea at 113 lb nitrogen/acre and treated with Ordram 15 G at 27 lb/acre. Fertilizer and herbicide were applied by hand and incorporated into dry League soil with a rake. Immediately after incorporation, plots were flooded. On 21 Apr, plots were hand-planted with sprouted seed at 120 lb dry seed/acre. Sprouted seed was prepared by soaking untreated seed for 24 h in water and then draining and drying for 24 h. On 25 Apr, plots were drained and 4 d later plots were reflooded. On 1 May, rice emerged through water. (On 5 May (4 d after emergence of rice through water), selected plots were sprayed with Karate at the rates shown in the table. At this time, adult RWW feeding scars were observed on rice foliage; indicating the presence of active adults in the plots. On 10 May (9 d after emergence of rice through water), selected plots were treated with Furadan 3 G at 20 lb/acre using a hand-held shaker jar. On 19 May (18 d after emergence of rice through water), selected plots were treated a second time with Karate at the rates shown in the table. Karate was applied with a 4 nozzle (tip size 800067, 50 mesh screens), hand-held spray rig pressurized with CO2 to deliver 16 gpa. Final spray volume was 16.0 gp. On 22 May, 6 Jun, and 10 Jul, plots were fertilized by hand with urea at 30 lb nitrogen/acre; thus, total nitrogen applied during the growing season was 203 lb/acre. On each of 27 May and 9 Jun (26 and 39 d after emergence of rice through water), five 4 inch diam X 4 inch deep soil cores (each containing at least 1 rice plant) were removed from each plot, washed, and inspected for immature RWW. At maturity, plots were harvested (16 Aug = 107 d after rice emergence through water) with a small plot combine. Yields were adjusted to 12% moisture. Insect counts were transformed using x + 0.5 and all data analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and DMRT.
Control of Rice Water Weevil with Dimilin 2 L in a Drill-Seeded, Delayed Flood Culture at Eagle Lake, 1997
Authors: Way M. O. , Wallace R. G. , Vawter J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the TAES Western Area Operations at Eagle Lake. The experiment was designed as a RCB with 8 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was 15 ft X 8 ft and surrounded by a metal barrier to prevent movement of insecticide and fertilizer. Plots were drill planted (7.5 inches between rows) on 15 Apr at 80 lb seed/acre. Soil type was Nada. Plots were fertilized at planting with 45 lb nitrogen/acre, 38 lb phosphorus/acre, and 40 lb potassium/acre. Rice emerged through soil on 25 Apr. From emergence of rice through soil to application of the permanent flood on 22 May (27 d after application of the permanent flood), plots were flushed irrigated (24 h temporary flood then drain) as needed. On 24 Apr, plots were sprayed with Wham EZ at 1 qt/acre, Bolero 8 EC at 2 pt/acre, and Facet 75 DF at 0.25 lb/acre. On 16 May, plots were sprayed with Wham EZ at 3 qt/acre. Facet 75 DF at 0.25 lb/acre, and Londax at 0.05 lb/acre. On 21 May, plots were fertilized with urea at 60 lb nitrogen/acre. On 24 May (2 d application of the permanent flood), selected plots were sprayed with Dimilin 2 L at the rates shown in the table. On 2 Jun (lid after application of the permanent flood), selected plots were sprayed with Dimilin 2 L at the rates shown in the table. Sprays were applied with a 4 nozzle (tip size 800067, 50 mesh screens), hand-held spray rig pressurized with CO2. Final spray volume was 16.0 gpa. On 5 Jun (14 d after application of the permanent flood), selected plots were treated with Furadan 3 G at 20 lb/acre using a hand-held shaker jar. On 13 Jun, plots were sprayed with Londax at 0.05 lb/acre. On 25 Jun, plots were fertilized with urea at 50 lb nitrogen/acre; thus, total nitrogen applied during the entire growing season was 155 lb/acre. On each of 12 Jun and 25 Jun (21 and 34 d, respectively, after application of the permanent flood), five 4-inch diam X 4 inch deep soil cores (each containing at least 1 rice plant) were removed from each plot. Rice plants in cores were washed and immature RWW recovered from the roots. On 12 Jul, plots were sprayed with Sevin XLR Plus at 1 qt/acre to control rice stink bug. The middle 8 rows of each plot were harvested on 26 Aug (123 d from emergence of rice through soil). Yields were adjusted to 12% moisture. Insect counts were transformed using x + 0.5 and all data analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and DMRT.
Compatibility of Exp 80698A 75 Fs and Common Rice Seed Treatments for Rice Water Weevil Control, 1997
Authors: Way M. O. , Wallace R. G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont and was designed as a RCB with 6 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was 15 ft X 8 ft and surrounded by a metal barrier to prevent movement of fertilizer and insecticides. On 2 May, plots were fertilized with urea at 113 lb nitrogen/acre and planted with 100 lb untreated or treated dry seed/acre. Seed treatments were provided by Rhone-Poulenc Ag Company. Immediately after application of fertilizer and seed, plots were raked for incorporation into dry League soil and flushed (temporary flooding for 24-18 h followed by draining). Rice emerged through soil on 9 May. From emergence of rice through soil to application of the permanent flood on 30 May (21 d after application of the permanent flood), rice was flush irrigated as needed. On 28 May, plots were sprayed with Facet 75 DF at 0.5 lb/acre, crop oil concentrate at 2 pt/acre, Prowl 3.3 EC at 2 pt/acre, and Basagran at 1.5 pt/acre. Herbicides were applied with a 2 person, 20 ft spray boom pressurized with C03. On 16 Jun, plots were fertilized with urea at 50 lb nitrogen/acre. On each of 28 Jun and 11 Jul (28 and 14 d, respectively, after application of the permanent flood), five 4-inch diam X 4 inch deep soil cores (each containing at least 1 rice plant) were removed from each plot. Rice plants in cores were washed and immature RWW recovered from the roots. On 10 Jul, plots were fertilized with urea at 30 lb nitrogen/acre; thus, total nitrogen applied during the growing season was 193 lb/acre. At maturity, plots were harvested (6 Sep = 120 d from emergence of rice through soil) with a small plot combine. Yields were adjusted to 12% moisture. Insect counts were transformed using Vx + 0.5 and all data analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and DMRT.
Control of a Sharpshooter with Exp 80698A and Karate, 1997
Authors: Way M. O. , Wallace R. G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont and was designed as a RCB with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The greenhouse was maintained at 31° C, 70% relative humidity, and 12 h light:12 h dark. Each experimental unit was a pot (6 inch diam X 6 inch deep) filled with sifted League soil. On 30 Sep, selected pots were planted with 8 untreated or EXP 80698A 75 FS-treated seeds. Seeds were treated at the rates shown in the table using the “Le Sak” method developed by Rhone-Poulenc Ag Company. On the same day, selected pots were sprayed with EXP 80698A 75 FS at the rates shown in the table using a 4 nozzle (800067 tip size, 50 mesh screens), hand-held spray rig pressurized with CO2. Final spray volume was 9.0 gpa. On the same day, pots were fertilized with urea at 51 lb nitrogen/acre. Immediately following planting, and spraying, soil in each pot was “raked” with forceps to simulate incorporation. On 5 Oct, rice emerged through soil. On 21 Oct, selected pots were treated with Karate at the rate shown in the table using the same spray rig and final spray volume as before. Immediately after spraying Karate, a plastic cylinder was placed over 2 plants in each pot. Cylinders were 3 inch in diam so that the plant density within a cylinder was equal to a seeding rate of 90 lb/acre, given 100% emergence and survival of seeds. The cylinders were ventilated with screen windows and tops. After securing the cylinders, which served as cages, each was infested on 21 (Oct 17 d after emergence of rice through soil) with 5 adult sharpshooters. Insects were collected from untreated rice using a sweep net. Two d later, cages were inspected for live and dead sharpshooters. Data were expressed as % mortality which was transformed using arcsine. Transformed data were then analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and means separated by DMRT.
Control of Stink Bugs and Lepidopterans on Georgia Soybeans, 1997
Authors: Taylor J. Delano , Bundy C. Scott , Wells M. Leonard , McPherson Robert M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The efficacy of 5 selected insecticide treatments for control of velvetbean caterpillars, soybean loopers and stink bugs, was evaluated at the Coastal Plain Experiment Station’s Ponder Farm, Tifton, GA. The insecticides were foliar applied on 4 Jun on ‘DP105’ and ‘Boggs’ soybeans that were planted in early Jun. Individual plots were 4 rows wide X 50 ft long with alleys 6 ft wide on each end and 1 border row on each side, arranged in a RCBD. There were 4 replications, 2 per variety. Each spray concentrate was applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer with 4 TX-12 nozzles on a 6 ft boom (2 nozzles per row) at 40 psi that delivered 19.5 gal/acre. Each plot was sampled prior to treatment and on 3, 7, 14 and 21 DAT (days after treatment) by taking a 25-sweep sample (15 in diam net) from a single row, and comparing insect densities in the treated plots to those in untreated plots. Soybeans were in the R5 growth stage (pods filling with seeds) at the initiation of the test. On the last sample date, only Boggs was sampled due to the late development (leaves yellowing/falling off) in DP105. All plots were harvested at maturity with a small plot combine. Yields were expressed in bushels per acre adjusted to 13% moisture. The data were subjected to ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range test (P = 0.05).
Control of Tobacco Aphids with Systemic Insecticides, 1997A
Authors: Sorenson C. E. , Stephenson A. S. , Clewis S. B. , Ratz C. E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the efficacy of Orthene 75 SP, Orthene 97 PE, and Admire 2°F as transplant water treatments against tobacco aphids in the field. Plots were established at the Central Crops Research Station, Clayton, NC, on 6 May in a field with a Norfolk loamy sand soil. Individual plots were 4 rows (1.14 m apart) wide by 22 plants (ca. 13.7 m) long and were arranged in RCB design with 4 treatments (untreated check included) and 4 blocks. On 6 May, the field was transplanted asing a 2-row transplanter. Transplant water treatments were applied at a rate of 170 gpa. Soil moisture was good. Once a week after transplant, all plants in one row of the plot (20) were rated for aphid abundance on a 0-7 scale as given in the table. Using this aphid abundance data, the average aphid rating \vas calculated. Aphid ratings were subjected to ANOVA and WD, K = 100, was used to separate treatment means.
Control of Tobacco Aphids with Foliar Insecticides, 1997C
Authors: Sorenson C. E. , Stephenson A. S. , Clewis S. B. , Ratz C. E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the efficacy of foliar applications of Orthene 75 SP, CGA-215944, and CGA-215944 with Silwet L-77 against tobacco aphids in the field. Plots were established at the Central Crops Research Station, Clayton, NC, on 7 May in a field with a Norfolk loamy sand soil. Individual plots were 4 rows (1.14 m apart) wide by 22 plants (ca. 13.7 m) long and were arranged in a RCB design with 5 treatments (untreated check included) and 4 blocks. Tobacco was transplanted on 7 May with a 2-row transplanter. On 2 Jul, the entire test was sprayed with foliar treatments. Foliar treatments were applied using a 2-row, CO2-powered backpack sprayer. Materials were applied through a single nozzle (Spraying Systems D2-33) per row at a pressure of 60 psi and 12.5 gpa. At 5, 12, and 21 days after treatment, aphid abundance in all plots were rated on a 0-7 scale as given in the table. Using this aphid abundance data, the average aphid rating was calculated. Aphid ratings were subjected to ANOVA and WD, K = 100, was used to separate treatment means.
Imidacloprid (GAUCHO 480) as an Aphicide in Winter Wheat, 1997
Authors: Bragg D. E. , Tetrick K. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Plots were seeded by large plot drill on 10 Oct 1996, in a RCBD with 5 replicates per treatment at the USDA-ARS Western Regional Plant Materials Introduction Center at Central Ferry, WA. Gaucho 480 was applied at 2 rates as a seed treatment insecticide at 0.5 and 1.0 oz (AI)/cwt. Lorsban 4 E SG was applied topically by sprayer at 26 d after emergence (DAE) on 7 Nov due to weather conditions prior to that date. An untreated check was established at planting.
Control of Black Cutworm and Sod Webworm After Timed Applications, 1997
Authors: Shetlar D. J. , Niemczyk H. D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The study was located on bent-grass ranges 5 and 6 south at the Ohio State Turfgrass Research and Education Center, Columbus, OH. Treatments were applied on 11 Sep, 26 Sep, and 2 Oct to plots 5 X 8 ft arranged in a RCB, replicated 4 times. Liquid treatments were applied using a CO2 sprayer calibrated to deliver 2.0 gal/1000ft2 and granular treatments were applied using a shaker jar. No immediate post-treatment irrigation was applied. The 100% creeping bentgrass range was moved at 0.5 inch, had no thatch and was irrigated daily with 0.25 inch of water. Efficacy data for SWW larvae were taken 8 Oct by flooding a 1.0-yd2 area using a soap solution consisting of 15 ml Joy dishwashing detergent in 2.0 gal water. On 9 Oct, a standard soil sampler was used to take 10 turf and soil cores from the remaining unflooded turf in each plot. Each core was placed in a vial and a single 2nd- or 3rd-BCW larva was placed on the turf. The capped vials were kept at room temperature until 14 Oct (5 d) when surviving larvae were counted.
Efficacy of Spinosad and Standards for Control of Small Black Cutworm Larvae, 1997
Authors: Shetlar D. J. , McClure K. , Niemczyk H. D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The study was located on bentgrass range 1 north at the Ohio State Turfgrass Research and Education Center, Columbus, OH. Treatments were applied on 19 Aug to plots 4 X 6 ft arranged in a RCB, replicated 4 times. Liquid treatments were applied using a CO2 sprayer calibrated to deliver 2.0 gal/1000ft2. No immediate posttreatment irrigation was applied. The 100% creeping bentgrass range was mowed at 0.5 inch, had no thatch and was irrigated daily with 0.25 inch of water between (05:00 and 06:00). On 19 Aug, one 8-inch stainless steel cylinder was driven into the turf, about 2 hr after the last spraying to allow for complete drying of all treatments. Each cylinder was infested with eight 3rd- and 4th-instar BCW (0.375 to 0.5 inch) and covered with nylon screen. On 22 Aug (3 DAT) the covers were removed and each cylinder was flooded with a soapy water mix (15 ml Joy dishwashing detergent in 1.0 gal water) to flush out any live BCW.
Bait Applications for Control of Individual Mounds of The Red Imported fire Ant in Urban Land-Scapes, 1996
Authors: Reinert James A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Granulated bait formulations of Amdro, Award, and (S)-Methoprene were applied to individual RIFA mounds on 28 Aug 1996 in Collin Co., TX. Applications were applied to each mound individually with a hand-held shaker to distribute the bait evenly over an area ca. 3 ft in diam with the mound in the center. Plot size ranged from 300-500 ft2, each with 3 to 5 (mean = 3.7) active colonies. Plots were delineated with white turf marking paint; each colony within a plot was identified by numbers painted on the turf ca. 1.5 ft from the mound. Pre-treatment foraging activity was assayed by placing 3, 8-dram shell vial traps, baited with hot dog chips, near the center of each plot and no closer than 3 ft from an active colony. Vials were collected with RIFA foragers counted after 30 min exposure. Plots were divided into 4 replicates based on pre-treatment foraging numbers. RIFA foraging activity was assessed at 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 wk after treatment (WAT). Individual mound mortality was determined at 1, 3, 5, and 7 WAT by stomping hard (4-5 times) on the soil or turf in a 1-ft circle around each mound. Upon disturbance, an active mound would yield many active workers. For rating at 4 and 6 wk, a hot dog chip was dropped upon the mound and observed 20-30 min later. If the colony was active, workers would forage the hot dog piece within this time period.