bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental and numerical investigation of fatigue crack growth in the cracked gear tooth
Authors: Zhang X , Li L , Qi X , Zheng J , Zhang X , Chen B , Feng J , Duan S 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe numerical simulation was conducted to analyse the fatigue crack growth in gear with the finite element codes ansys (ANSYS, Inc. Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, USA.) and franc3d (Fracture Analysis Consultants, Inc. Ithaca, New York, USA.), and the corresponding fatigue test was also carried out. During the simulation, the location of maximal stress induced by the external force was first determined by the code ansys, and then the obtained results were imported into the franc3d to analyse the crack growth. The analysed results were input into the codes ansys and franc3d again to compute the stress and the stress intensity factor in the following steps. After several rounds of analysis, the results of the fatigue crack propagation were obtained. The investigations show that the crack mode I is dominant during the crack growth and the stress intensity factor KI raises with increase of crack growth length and a series of quarter‐elliptical cross sections of the ruptured gear tooth are obtained. The simulation results are in good accordance with experimental findings.
Effects of macroalgal expansion triggered by the 2011 earthquake and tsunami on recruitment density of juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai at Oshika Peninsula, northeastern Japan
Authors: Takami Hideki , Kawamura Tomohiko , Won Nam‐IL , Muraoka Daisuke , Hayakawa Jun , Onitsuka Toshihiro 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe effects of the 2011 mega‐earthquake and massive tsunami on the recruitment process of juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai inhabiting the rocky shore ecosystem were investigated at Oshika Peninsula, northeastern Japan. Before the earthquake and tsunami, H. discus hannai of 2007–2010 yr classes were shown to undergo habitat shifts with growth from the crustose coralline algal area (CCA) to kelp beds (KB) via algal turfs (AT). These habitat shifts of abalone appear to occur because of its migration, associated with the ontogenetic changes in feeding behavior. Densities of 0‐yr‐old juvenile abalone (2010 yr class) and the sea urchin Mesocentrotus nudus inhabiting the CCA largely decreased just after the earthquake and tsunami, mainly affected by the catastrophic disturbance by this event. After that, previously unrecorded recruitments of juvenile macroalgae were observed in the CCA after the event probably because of the large‐scale removal of the primary herbivore, the sea urchin M. nudus. Subsequently, the KB and AT expanded into the previous CCA area. After the tsunami, the major factors causing the continuously low densities of the 0‐yr‐old juvenile abalone (2011–2013 yr classes) are inferred to be the limited nursery CCA habitat because of mud and silt sedimentation, the expansion of the KB and AT, and/or the decreased densities of reproductive adult abalone due to the direct disturbance of the tsunami. The results of this study imply that maintaining diverse algal communities which enable the habitat shifts of juvenile abalone H. discus hannai is one of the crucial factors to their successful recruitment.
Increasing dominance of small zooplankton with toxic cyanobacteria
Authors: Jiang Xiaodong , Xie Jinghua , Xu Yao , Zhong Wangfang , Zhu Xiao , Zhu Chengdan 
Published: December 2016

Summary

Cyanobacterial blooms are often associated with an increase in abundance of small‐bodied zooplankton. The hypothesis that toxic cyanobacteria lead to in the dominance of small‐bodied zooplankton was tested by investigating competitive outcomes with three common cladoceran species, analysing cladoceran remains in sediments, and identifying zooplankton resting eggs.

Although the large‐bodied cladoceran Daphnia pulex outcompeted the medium‐sized cladoceran Simocephalus vetulus when fed green algae in laboratory experiments, the presence of toxic cyanobacteria completely altered this competitive outcome. Similar shifts in competitive dominance with the presence of cyanobacteria were observed when both D. pulex and S. vetulus competed with the small‐bodied cladoceran Bosmina longirostris.

Sediment cores from Dianshan Lake, the largest shallow lake in Shanghai, and surface sediments from 10 random ponds and rivers in the area were collected to recover the cladoceran and total zooplankton communities. Microcystin concentrations in sediments were used as a proxy for cyanobacterial abundances in nature. Altogether, cladoceran remains representing 10 genera were recovered from the sediment samples. Microcystin concentrations in the Dianshan Lake sediment cores were positively correlated with Bosmina abundance, but negatively correlated with both Daphnia and Diaphanosoma abundance. The proportion of large‐bodied cladocerans significantly declined in relation to small‐bodied species with increasing microcystin concentrations in the lake sediments.

Fifty‐eight types of zooplankton resting eggs were recovered in sediments from Shanghai waters and identified using DNA barcoding. The abundance of both a lecanid rotifer and total rotifers significantly increased with increasing cyanobacteria in the sediment cores, whereas the dominant copepod, Sinocalanus tenellus, decreased. However, these trends were not observed in comparison of surface sediments from 10 ponds and rivers in the area.

These results indicate that the presence of toxic cyanobacteria may have altered the zooplankton communities and contributed to increased dominance of small‐bodied species. This study also demonstrates that cladoceran remains and zooplankton resting eggs recovered from sediment cores are convenient natural archives for evaluating zooplankton responses to cyanobacterial blooms.
‘Nursing research culture’ in the context of clinical nursing practice: addressing a conceptual problem
Authors: Berthelsen Connie Bøttcher , Hølge‐Hazelton Bibi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimTo report an analysis of the concept of nursing research culture in the context of clinical nursing practice.BackgroundNursing research culture should be valued for its contribution to improving patient care and should be considered as a routine hospital activity. However, the demand for efficiency, nurses’ barriers to research use and the lack of definition of the concept of nursing research culture make it difficult to establish.DesignConcept analysis.Data sourcesData were collected through a literature review in PubMed, CINAHL and PsycINFO during March 2016.MethodsWalker and Avant's eight‐step framework for concept analysis.ResultsFive defining attributes of nursing research culture in the context of clinical nursing practice were identified: strong monodisciplinary nursing professionalism, academic thinking and socialization, research use as a part of daily nursing practice, acceptance by colleagues and management and facilitation of resources from management and organization.ConclusionAlthough the method of concept analysis has been criticized and heavily debated, the development of nursing research cultures based on the defining attributes and antecedents of the concept will be important to emphasize evidence‐based clinical nursing care. Further research should support the development and the implementation of nursing research culture in clinical nursing practice.
Selective precipitation reaction: a novel diagnostic test for tissue pathology in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, infected with salmonid alphavirus (SAV3)
Authors: Braceland M , Tinsley J , Cockerill D , Bickerdike R , McLoughlin M F , Eckersall P D 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWhile investigating biomarkers for infection with salmonid alphavirus (SAV), the cause of pancreas disease (PD), a selective precipitation reaction (SPR) has been discovered in serum which could be an on‐farm qualitative test and an in‐laboratory quantitative assay for health assessments in aquaculture. Mixing serum from Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, with SAV infection with a sodium acetate buffer caused a visible precipitation which does not occur with serum from healthy salmon. Proteomic examination of the precipitate has revealed that the components are a mix of muscle proteins, for example enolase and aldolase, along with serum protein such as serotransferrin and complement C9. The assay has been optimized for molarity, pH, temperature and wavelength so that the precipitation can be measured as the change in optical density at 340 nm (Δ340). Application of the SPR assay to serum samples from a cohabitation trial of SAV infection in salmon showed that the Δ340 in infected fish rose from undetectable to a maximum at 6 weeks post‐infection correlating with histopathological score of pancreas, heart and muscle damage. This test may have a valuable role to play in the diagnostic evaluation of stock health in salmon.
Monazite in a Variscan mylonitic paragneiss from the Münchberg Metamorphic Complex (NE Bavaria) records Cadomian protolith ages
Authors: Waizenhöfer F. , Massonne H.‐J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSmall oval‐shaped, unshielded monazite grains found in a Variscan garnet–muscovite‐bearing mylonitic paragneiss from the Liegendserie unit of the Münchberg Metamorphic Complex in the northwestern Bohemian Massif, central Europe, yield only pre‐Variscan ages. These ages, determined with the electron microprobe, have maxima at c. 545, 520 and 495 Ma and two side‐maxima at 455 and 575 Ma, and are comparable with previously determined ages of detrital zircon reported from paragneisses elsewhere in the NW Bohemian Massif. The pressure (P)–temperature (T) history of this mylonitic paragneiss, determined from contoured P–T pseudosections, involved an initial stage at 6 kbar/600 °C, reaching peak P–T conditions of 12.5 kbar/670 °C with partial melting, followed by mylonitization and retrogression to 9 kbar/610 °C. The monazite, representing detrital grains derived from igneous rocks of a Cadomian provenance between 575 and 455 Ma, has survived these Variscan metamorphic/deformational events unchanged because this mineral has probably never been outside its P–T stability field during metamorphism.
A Termination Rule for Pension Guarantee Funds
Authors: Cheng Chunli , Uzelac Filip 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA termination rule based on a critical funding ratio is proposed for a pension guarantee fund (PGF) that considers closing an underfunded pension plan. This ratio is determined by solving an expected utility maximization problem on behalf of plan beneficiaries subject to two constraints designed to preserve the PGF's viability. The first is an upper bound on the PGF's annual intervention probability; the second, a restriction on the expected shortfall of an underfunded pension plan that is not closed. Both too low and too high critical funding ratios hurt beneficiaries’ interests, depending on their degree of risk aversion.
Association between daily haemodialysis, access to renal transplantation and patients' survival in France
Authors: Pladys Adélaïde , Vigneau Cécile , Hourmant Maryvonne , Duneau Gabrielle , Couchoud Cécile , Bayat Sahar ,   on behalf of the REIN registry
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimDaily haemodialysis improves patients' quality of life and blood purification, but its effect on survival remains controversial. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between daily haemodialysis and renal transplantation and survival in France.MethodsThis was an observational cohort study based on the French REIN registry. All incident patients ≥18 years old who started daily haemodialysis in France between 2003 and 2012 were included. Using a propensity score, 575 patients on daily haemodialysis were matched with 1696 patients receiving thrice‐weekly haemodialysis. Survival analysis was performed using the Cox model. Access to the renal transplant waiting list and renal transplantation were analyzed using the Fine and Gray model.ResultsDaily haemodialysis was not independently associated with reduced access to transplant waiting list, whereas, major comorbidities remained associated with restricted waitlisting after multivariate analysis adjusted for confounding factors. After being waitlisted, the cumulative incidence of renal transplantation was lower for the daily haemodialysis than for the thrice‐weekly haemodialysis group (SHR = 0.72, 95%CI: 0.56–0.91). The risk of death was significantly higher in the daily haemodialysis group (HRadjusted = 1.58, 95%CI: 1.4–1.8). Major comorbidities were associated with higher risk of death and lower likelihood of receiving a renal transplant during the follow‐up period.ConclusionOur study showed that in France, the likelihood of undergoing renal transplantation after being waitlisted was lower for patients on daily haemodialysis than those on thrice‐weekly haemodialysis. Moreover, daily haemodialysis was associated with higher risk of death, even after taking into account age and all major comorbidities.
Collaboration: A critical exploration of the care continuum
Authors: Penny Robyn A , Windsor Carol 
Published: December 2016

The purpose of this research was to explore the concept of collaboration within a specific healthcare context and to include the perspectives of healthcare users, a position largely lacking in previous studies. In applying a critical theoretical approach, the focus was on, as an exemplar, mothers with newborn babies who had spent more than 48 hr in a special care nursery. Semistructured interviews were undertaken with child health nurses, midwives and mothers. The three key theoretical findings on collaboration generated in the study point to layers of meanings around identity, knowledge and institutions of care. Findings from the interview data analysis were further examined through the lens of key policy documents. The research outcomes indicate that the concept of collaboration serves an important function in healthcare in obscuring the complexities and ambiguities that characterise the care continuum. The study concludes the need for a more critical approach to the assumptions that underlie the language of collaboration and the implications for practice in healthcare.
First case of sterility associated with sex chromosomal abnormalities in a jenny
Authors: Dorado J , Anaya G , Bugno‐Poniewierska M , Molina A , Mendez‐Sanchez A , Ortiz I , Moreno‐Millán M , Hidalgo M , Peral García P , Demyda‐Peyrás S 
Published: December 2016

ContentsChromosomal abnormalities are one of the main causes of genetic infertility in horses. Currently, their detection rate is rising due to the use of new diagnostic tools employing molecular markers linked to the sex chromosome pair. Despite genetic similarities, there are no previous reports of sterility associated with chromosomal abnormalities in the domestic donkey (Equus asinus). Hereby, we determined the presence of a chromosomal mosaicism in a female donkey with reproductive problems using molecular methodologies developed for horses. A two‐and‐a‐half‐year‐old jenny characterized by morphological abnormalities of the reproductive tract was cytogenetically analysed using conventional and fluorescent techniques and a group of microsatellite markers (short tandem repeat, STR). At the same time, five ultrasound measures of the reproductive tract were taken and compared with eight contemporary jennies of the same breed. After slaughter, morphological examinations showed that the case study had a blind vaginal vestibule defining an empty pouch that covered the entrance of the cervical os. Histopathological studies demonstrated that this abnormal structure was compatible with a remnant hymen. Molecular markers, STR and fluorescent in situ hybridization determinations revealed that the animal was a 62, XX/61,X mosaic and, therefore, the first case of chromosomal abnormalities in the sex pair reported in donkeys.
The effect of cumulus cells on domestic cat (Felis catus) oocytes during in vitro maturation and fertilization
Authors: Sowińska N , Frankowska K , Filipczyk A , Adamaszek A , Nalik K , Fic K , Pietsch‐Fulbiszewska A 
Published: December 2016

ContentsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of co‐culture of denuded oocytes with cumulus cells (CC) or cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) on in vitro maturation (IVM) and in vitro fertilization (IVF). Immature oocytes were collected from ovaries of domestic cats following a routine ovariectomy. Oocytes were matured in vitro for 24 hr within four groups: (i) denuded oocytes (DO), (ii) DO co‐cultured with CC, (iii) DO co‐cultured with COC and (iv) COC as a control group. In further experiments, COCs were matured in vitro for 24 hr, and then, oocytes were randomly divided into four groups as previously described and fertilized in vitro. Embryos were cultured for up to 7 days. At the end of each experiment, oocytes/embryos were stained with Hoechst 33342 solution and observed under an inverted fluorescence microscope. The results of oocyte maturation showed that their meiotic competence decreased significantly in all experimental groups, compared to the control group. The maturation rates were approximately 45%, 24%, 43% and 76% in experiment 1, and 21%, 14%, 33% and 50% in experiment 2 in groups (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv), respectively. Examination of in vitro fertilization revealed that embryos developed up to the morula stage in all experimental groups. DO and oocytes cultured with COC during fertilization showed a lower cleavage rate—36% and 25% as opposed to those co‐cultured with loose CC and the control group—43% and 42%, respectively. Results of this study indicate that cumulus cells connected with an oocyte into a cumulus—oocyte complex are irreplaceable for the maturation of domestic cat oocyte, but that the addition of loose CC may be beneficial for IVF.
GADD45α is involved in the apoptosis of lymphocytes induced by riboflavin and ultraviolet light
Authors: Yang Peng , Wen Huiqin , Zhong Tao , Hu Hailiang , Zhu Bangqiang , Xia Kang , Xu Mo , Bian Maohong 
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUNDRiboflavin plus ultraviolet (UV) pathogen reduction technology (RF‐PRT) is an effective method for inactivating the residual white blood cells (WBCs) in blood components. The RF‐PRT system for platelets is known to activate many signaling pathways, including p38 and NF‐κB. Nevertheless, proteomic studies in WBCs after riboflavin plus UV treatment requires further analysis.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSABO/D‐matched lymphocytes were pooled, split, and treated with RF‐PRT or UV light or left untreated. After treatment, cell apoptosis was measured. In addition, cell proliferation and the cycle distribution were evaluated upon stimulation with phytohemagglutinin. The changes in the protein expression levels of growth arrest and DNA damage‐inducible (GADD)45α, p38, and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) were determined by Western blotting. The effect of GADD45α, p38, and JNK on apoptosis was assessed.RESULTSRF‐PRT significantly inhibited proliferation and induced G1 arrest in lymphocytes. Furthermore, the percentage of apoptotic cells was increased in RF‐PRT–treated lymphocytes compared to UV‐treated cells or untreated cells, associated with the up regulation of GADD45α expression. Consistent with these observations, the inhibition of GADD45α expression partially counteracted the effects of riboflavin plus UV treatment. The p38 and JNK signaling pathways were activated by GADD45α in RF‐PRT–treated lymphocytes.CONCLUSIONSThese data revealed that RF‐PRT effectively inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of lymphocytes by promoting GADD45α expression, which subsequently activates p38 and JNK signaling pathways.
Corrective Osteotomy of a Metacarpal Deviation Caused by Fracture in a 9‐Month‐Old German Fleckvieh Heifer
Authors: Tschoner Theresa S. , Köstlin Roberto G. , Feist Melanie 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the surgical treatment of a metacarpal deviation caused by an untreated Salter‐Harris type I fracture in a heifer.Study DesignCase report.Animal9‐month‐old German Fleckvieh heifer.MethodsA closing wedge osteotomy was performed to correct deviation of fused metacarpal III and IV. A triangular bone wedge was removed and the proximal and distal fragments of the bone were brought into apposition and stabilized with an 11‐hole T‐plate. A full‐limb cast was applied postoperative.ResultsRadiographs were taken at 2, 4, and 6 weeks postoperative. No postoperative complications occurred and the heifer was discharged from the clinic 51 days after surgery. Radiographs taken 6 months after discharge showed periosteal callus formation around the closing wedge osteotomy. At 24 months postoperative, implants were intact and the heifer was in good general condition.ConclusionClosing wedge osteotomy was successfully performed in a heifer with a metacarpal deviation, correcting the malunion after a untreated Salter‐Harris type I fracture. Radiographs showed evidence of osteotomy healing and the heifer had full use of the affected leg at 24 months postoperative.
Thermodynamic Considerations Regarding the Use of EGR for Conventional and High Efficiency Engines
Authors: Caton Jerald A. 
Published: December 2016

During the last several decades, investigations of the operation of internal combustion engines utilizing exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) has increased. This increased interest has been driven by the advantages of the use of EGR with respect to emissions and, in some cases, thermal efficiency. The current study uses a thermodynamic engine cycle simulation to explore the fundamental reasons for the changes of thermal efficiency as functions of EGR. EGR with various levels of cooling are studied. Both a conventional (throttled) operating condition and a high efficiency operating condition are examined. With no EGR, the net indicated thermal efficiencies were 32.1% and 44.6% for the conventional and high efficiency engines, respectively.
For the conditions examined, the cylinder heat transfer is a function of the gas temperatures and convective heat transfer co-efficient. For increasing EGR, the gas temperatures generally decrease due to the lower combustion temperatures. For increasing EGR, however, the convective heat transfer coefficient generally increases due to increasing cylinder pressures and decreasing gas temperatures. Whether the cylinder heat transfer increases or decreases with increasing EGR is the net result of the gas temperature decreases and the heat transfer coefficient increases.
For significantly cooled EGR, the efficiency increases partly due to decreases of the heat transfer. On the other hand, for less cooled EGR, the efficiency decreases due at least partly to the increasing heat transfer. Two other considerations to explain the efficiency changes include the changes of the pumping work, and the specific heats during combustion. For the constant loads considered, as more EGR is used, the throttle is opened which decreases the pumping work. For certain throttled cases, for increasing EGR, the increase of the cylinder heat transfer is somewhat offset by the decrease of the pumping work. For the high efficiency operating condition (with less throttling), the benefits of decreasing pumping work are much less. In all cases, the decreasing temperatures result in decreasing specific heats which provide some improvement in thermal energy conversion to work.