bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural antioxidants from sea: a potential industrial perspective in aquafeed formulation
Authors: Aklakur Mohammad 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAquaculture is set to grow amidst threats of new stressors and diseases. The increasing awareness on nutrition and feeding has led a paradigm shift towards therapeutic nutrition, an alternative aquaculture management strategy that can create a balance between productivity and long‐term sustainability. The core objective behind this approach was to minimize the impact of stressors via neutralization of free radicals, repair of oxidative damage to biomolecules and membrane systems, immune augmentation and maintenance of normal physiological homoeostasis. The eventual shift of balance between oxidants and antioxidants leads to oxidative stress and subsequently immune suppression, pathological symptoms and slow growth. Therefore, in aquaculture the use of supplemental antioxidants and augmentation of endogenous cellular antioxidants becomes essential. Lipid rancidity is the major concern, which determines feed stability and storage time, besides the cellular antioxidant homoeostasis. As observed, ethoxyquin (EQ), the widely used synthetic antioxidant in animal feed industry, has growing human health hazard concerns. Efficient and cost‐effective natural antioxidants are a real need of time. The most diverse marine ecosystem opens a new horizon for extraction and development of natural antioxidants from sea. The antioxidants such as vitamin E, vitamin C, peptides, amino acids, chitooligosaccharide derivatives (COS), astaxanthin, carotenoids, sulphated polysaccharides (SPs), phlorotannins, phenolic compound and flavones had shown a great potential to be used in feed formulation, as an additive for feed quality maintenance and shelf life. Therefore, new industrial perspectives and novel approaches are required for isolation and development of bioactive substances with antioxidative property for cost‐effective feed.
Serial procalcitonin levels for predicting prognosis in community‐acquired pneumonia
Authors: Ito Akihiro , Ishida Tadashi , Tachibana Hiromasa , Ito Yuhei , Takaiwa Takuya 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveThis study aimed to investigate the usefulness of addition of serial measurements of procalcitonin (PCT) to C‐reactive protein (CRP) values and pneumonia severity scores, such as CURB‐65 (confusion, urea > 7 mmol/L, respiratory rate ≥ 30 breaths/min, low blood pressure (systolic < 90 mm Hg or diastolic ≤ 60 mm Hg) and age ≥ 65 years) and the Pneumonia Severity Index, and attempted to create and evaluate a new scoring system for predicting mortality risk using the biomarkers and pneumonia severity scores.MethodsA total of 365 hospitalized community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients in an observational cohort study in which PCT was measured serially from admission to 2–3 days after admission between December 2010 and December 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. PCT and CRP were measured on admission (PCT D1 and CRP D1) and within 48–72 h after admission (PCT D3 and CRP D3).ResultsTwenty‐one patients died (5.8%), and 52 patients (14.2%) did not respond to initial therapy. On multivariate analysis, CRP D1 ≥ 100 mg/L (P = 0.002), CURB‐65 ≥ 3 (P < 0.001) and PCT D3/D1 ≥ 1 (P < 0.001) were significant predictors of 30‐day mortality. Peak CRP (P = 0.02) and PCT D3/D1 ≥ 1 (P = 0.03) were significant predictors of initial treatment failure. Using the new scoring system that defines CRP D1 ≥ 100 mg/L as 2 points, CURB‐65 ≥ 3 as 1 point and PCT D3/D1 ≥ 1 as 1 point, in CAP patients with both CRP D1 ≥ 100 mg/L and CURB‐65 ≥ 3 on admission, the 30‐day mortality rate was 21.8%, and with PCT D3/D1 ≥ 1, it increased to 50.0%.ConclusionIt is useful to add serial measurements of PCT to CRP measurement and assessment of CURB‐65 on admission of CAP patients to predict prognosis and initial treatment failure.
Constraints on neutrino masses from the study of the nearby large-scale structure and galaxy cluster counts
Authors: Böhringer Hans , Chon Gayoung 
Published: July 2016

The high precision measurements of the cosmic microwave background by the Planck survey yielded tight constraints on cosmological parameters and the statistics of the density fluctuations at the time of recombination. This provides the means for a critical study of structure formation in the Universe by comparing the microwave background results with present epoch measurements of the cosmic large-scale structure. It can reveal subtle effects such as how different forms of Dark Matter may modify structure growth. Currently most interesting is the damping effect of structure growth by massive neutrinos. Different observations of low redshift matter density fluctuations provided evidence for a signature of massive neutrinos. Here we discuss the study of the cosmic large-scale structure with a complete sample of nearby, X-ray luminous clusters from our REFLEX cluster survey. From the observed X-ray luminosity function and its reproduction for different cosmological models, we obtain tight constraints on the cosmological parameters describing the matter density, [Formula: see text], and the density fluctuation amplitude, [Formula: see text]. A comparison of these constraints with the Planck results shows a discrepancy in the framework of a pure [Formula: see text]CDM model, but the results can be reconciled, if we allow for a neutrino mass in the range of 0.17 eV to 0.7 eV. Also some others, but not all of the observations of the nearby large-scale structure provide evidence or trends for signatures of massive neutrinos. With further improvement in the systematics and future survey projects, these indications will develop into a definitive measurement of neutrino masses.
Leadership–It's a System, Not a Person!
Authors: Kellerman Barbara 
Published: July 2016

This article argues that the leadership industry has been beset by a bias. This bias has been directed toward leaders and away from two other variables that equally pertain–and that equally explain the trajectory of human history. The first is followers, or others who are in any way relevant, even if passively. And the second is contexts, within which leaders and followers necessarily are embedded. Together these three parts, each of which is equally important and each of which impinges equally on the other two, make up the leadership system. This article suggests that the approximately forty-year-old leadership industry has paid a heavy price for its obsession with leaders at the expense of whoever/whatever else matters. For the industry has not in any major, measurable way improved the human condition, which is precisely why it should be reconsidered and reconceived.
The Transient Response of the Southern Ocean to Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Authors: Seviour William J. M. , Gnanadesikan Anand , Waugh Darryn W. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that the response of the Southern Ocean to stratospheric ozone depletion is nonmonotonic in time; consisting of an initial cooling followed by a long-term warming. This result may be significant for the attribution of observed Southern Ocean temperature and sea ice trends, but the time scale and magnitude of the response is poorly constrained, with a wide spread among climate models. Furthermore, a long-lived initial cooling period has only been observed in a model with idealized geometry and lacking an explicit representation of ozone. Here the authors calculate the transient response of the Southern Ocean to a step-change in ozone in a comprehensive coupled climate model, GFDL-ESM2Mc. The Southern Ocean responds to ozone depletion with an initial cooling, lasting 25 yr, followed by a warming. The authors extend previous studies to investigate the dependence of the response on the ozone forcing as well as the regional pattern of this response. The response of the Southern Ocean relative to natural variability is shown to be largely independent of the initial state. However, the magnitude of this response is much less than that of natural variability found in the model, which limits its influence and detectability.
Epithelial Thickness Profile Changes Following Small Incision Refractive Lenticule Extraction (SMILE) for Myopia and Myopic Astigmatism
Authors: Ganesh Sri , Brar Sheetal , Relekar Kirti J. 
Published: July 2016

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the epithelial thickness profile changes following small incision refractive lenticule extraction (SMILE) and study their correlation with the amount of myopia corrected.

METHODS:
Epithelial thickness was measured in nine zones with spectral-domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) across a 6-mm diameter preoperatively and at 1 day, 2 weeks, and 3 months postoperatively. The observed changes were correlated with the degree of myopia corrected.

RESULTS:

The study included 100 eyes from 50 eligible patients (32 females, 18 males) with a mean age of 24.4 ± 2.8 years. Thirty-eight eyes underwent SMILE for low (spherical equivalent [SE] < −4.00 diopters [D]), 44 eyes for moderate (SE −4.00 to −6.00 D), and 18 eyes for high (SE > −6.00 to −10.00 D) myopia with 6.71 ± 1.65, 6.82 ± 0.21, and 6.44 ± 0.2 mm optical zones, respectively. At 3 months, a statistically significant epithelial thickness increase was observed in the central zone (6.83% for low, 9.26% for moderate, and 12.7% for high myopia,
P
< .05 for all groups) and superior zone (3.98% for low, 7.82% for moderate, and 9.87% for high myopia) across all three groups, which correlated positively with the degree of myopia corrected (
r
2
= 0.723 for central zone,
r
2
= 0.585 for superior zone,
P
< .001 for both zones). None of the other zones showed any statistically significant changes at 3 months. Four eyes of two patients with high myopia (SE > −8.00 D) had regression due to significant epithelial thickening.

CONCLUSIONS:
Preliminary results suggest that epithelial thickness profile changes after SMILE may have an impact on the refractive outcome in the long-term postoperative period, especially in higher degrees of myopia.

[
J Refract Surg.
2016;32(7):473–478.]
PERCEPÇÃO DOS FILHOS SOBRE O DIVÓRCIO DOS PAIS
Authors: Straube Kátia Maria , Gonçalves Marília De Paula , Centa Maria De Lourdes 
Published: July 2016

Evento cada vez mais freqüente em nossa sociedade, o divórcio completa no Brasil, cerca de vinte anos de existência, configurando-se como instrumento de estudo essencial à compreensão das intensas transformações que ocorrem na família. Sendo um processo longo e complexo que envolve mudanças múltiplas, há necessidade de se promover a saúde dos membros da família envolvidos. Assim, é preciso dar condições para que este evento possa ser utilizado como ferramenta de solução para os conflitos familiares através do conhecimento e compreensão da experiência vivida, a fim de obter subsídios que ofereçam suporte aos envolvidos no processo, no sentido de elaborar suas decisões, ações e reações de forma positiva e satisfatória. O objetivo deste trabalho é retratar a percepção dos filhos sobre o divórcio dos pais através do conhecimento da experiência vivida no processo, para o que focalizou-se a faixa etária de 18 a 26 anos, momento em que já se pode ter compreensão maior das suas conseqüências. Para o presente estudo,utilizou-se a pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo exploratório-descritiva, que permite uma visão mais ampla da problemática estudada. Os dados foram obtidos através de entrevista semi-estruturada com nove jovens adultos, de ambos os sexos, agrupados por semelhança de falas. A partir desses dados, formularam-se as categorias mais relevantes. Concluise que os jovens reconhecem e racionalizam o processo do divórcio dos pais, tendendo a mascarar o sofrimento gerado pelo mesmo. Embora afirmem, em geral, que o divórcio foi uma boa solução para os pais, sentem a falta do vínculo proporcionado pela estrutura familiar. Apesar do tempo transcorrido, as feridas emocionais do divórcio persistem, seja sob a forma de expectativa elevada na realização de um casamento ideal, seja nos ressentimentos guardados para com um ou os dois pais divorciados.
CONSTRUINDO MOVIMENTOS PARA O FORTALECIMENTO DA FAMÍLIA
Authors: Souza Ana Izabel Jatobá de , Althoff Coleta Rinaldi , Ribeiro Edilza Maria , Elsen Ingrid 
Published: July 2016

Este estudo tem como objetivo discutir o conceito de “empoderamento”, a fim de promover o fortalecimento e o cuidadoda família. Utilizou-se como linha condutora do estudo a revisão teórica do conceito de empoderamento e a sua discussão no âmbitoda promoção da saúde e da proposta de um modelo de empoderamento aplicado ao sistema familiar. Conclui-se que o modelo de empoderamento, aplicado à família, determina mudança significativa no papel do profissional da saúde, tornando-o, entre outros aspectos, um parceiro importante na construção de caminhos para o ser família saudável. O estudo reforça que o conceito deempoderamento trabalha com as potencialidades e aspectos positivos da família, ultrapassando os modelos centrados nas fragilidades e problemas apresentados pelo sistema familiar. Aponta a necessidade de mais estudos e a construção de instrumentos que aprofundem a temática do empoderamento aplicado às famílias.
Tipping elements and climate–economic shocks: Pathways toward integrated assessment
Authors: Kopp Robert E. , Shwom Rachael L. , Wagner Gernot , Yuan Jiacan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe literature on the costs of climate change often draws a link between climatic “tipping points” and large economic shocks, frequently called “catastrophes.” The phrase “tipping points” in this context can be misleading. In popular and social scientific discourse, “tipping points” involve abrupt state changes. For some climatic “tipping points,” the commitment to a state change may occur abruptly, but the change itself may be rate‐limited and take centuries or longer to realize. Additionally, the connection between climatic “tipping points” and economic losses is tenuous, although emerging empirical and process‐model‐based tools provide pathways for investigating it. We propose terminology to clarify the distinction between “tipping points” in the popular sense, the critical thresholds exhibited by climatic and social “tipping elements,” and “economic shocks.” The last may be associated with tipping elements, gradual climate change, or nonclimatic triggers. We illustrate our proposed distinctions by surveying the literature on climatic tipping elements, climatically sensitive social tipping elements, and climate–economic shocks, and we propose a research agenda to advance the integrated assessment of all three.
Changes in summer sea ice, albedo, and portioning of surface solar radiation in the Pacific sector of Arctic Ocean during 1982–2009
Authors: Lei Ruibo , Tian‐Kunze Xiangshan , Leppäranta Matti , Wang Jia , Kaleschke Lars , Zhang Zhanhai 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSSM/I sea ice concentration and CLARA black‐sky composite albedo were used to estimate sea ice albedo in the region 70°N–82°N, 130°W–180°W. The long‐term trends and seasonal evolutions of ice concentration, composite albedo, and ice albedo were then obtained. In July–August 1982–2009, the linear trend of the composite albedo and the ice albedo was −0.069 and −0.046 units per decade, respectively. During 1 June to 19 August, melting of sea ice resulted in an increase of solar heat input to the ice‐ocean system by 282 MJ·m−2 from 1982 to 2009. However, because of the counter‐balancing effects of the loss of sea ice area and the enhanced ice surface melting, the trend of solar heat input to the ice was insignificant. The summer evolution of ice albedo matched the ice surface melting and ponding well at basin scale. The ice albedo showed a large difference between the multiyear and first‐year ice because the latter melted completely by the end of a melt season. At the SHEBA geolocations, a distinct change in the ice albedo has occurred since 2007, because most of the multiyear ice has been replaced by first‐year ice. A positive polarity in the Arctic Dipole Anomaly could be partly responsible for the rapid loss of summer ice within the study region in the recent years by bringing warmer air masses from the south and advecting more ice toward the north. Both these effects would enhance ice‐albedo feedback.
Microscopic decision model for pedestrian route choice at signalized crosswalks
Authors: Xie Siqi , Wong Sze Chun , Lam William H. K. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryIn this paper, two‐tier mathematical models were developed to simulate the microscopic pedestrian decision‐making process of route choice at signalized crosswalks. In the first tier, a discrete choice model was proposed to predict the choices of walking direction. In the second tier, an exponential model was calibrated to determine the step size in the chosen direction. First, a utility function was defined in the first‐tier model to describe the change of utility in response to deviation from a pedestrian's target direction and the conflicting effects of neighboring pedestrians. A mixed logit model was adopted to estimate the effects of the explanatory variables on the pedestrians' decisions. Compared with the standard multinomial logit model, it was shown that the mixed logit model could accommodate the heterogeneity. The repeated observations for each pedestrian were grouped as panel data to ensure that the parameters remained constant for individual pedestrians but varied among the pedestrians. The mixed logit model with panel data was found to effectively address inter‐pedestrian heterogeneity and resulted in a better fit than the standard multinomial logit model. Second, an exponential model in the second tier was proposed to further determine the step size of individual pedestrians in the chosen direction; it indicates the change in walking speed in response to the presence of other pedestrians. Finally, validation was conducted on an independent set of observation data in Hong Kong. The pedestrians' routes and destinations were predicted with the two‐tier models. Compared with the tracked trajectories, the average error between the predicted destinations and the observed destinations was within an acceptable margin. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energy integration on multi‐periods for vehicle thermal powertrains
Authors: Dimitrova Zlatina , Maréchal François 
Published: July 2016

AbstractInternal combustion engines are the most applied energy converters in passenger cars. In order to increase their efficiency, energy integration techniques are used to recover waste heat. An adapted methodology is required to design the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) as a waste heat recovery technology and to test the influence of the external temperature on its efficiency. The idea is to cluster the external temperature profile on typical external temperature multi‐periods. The energy system design is then tested on these typical multi‐periods.In this article the methodology is applied on a vehicle with a diesel engine, in order to define the energy integrated configuration of the vehicle and to estimate the cost of the additional equipment. The performance indicators of the energy integration technology of the internal combustion engine is done and discussed, according to the multi‐periods. The energy recovery potential of a single stage ORC for a diesel engine is assessed for different temperature profiles. The ORC equipment is simultaneously pre‐sized and its cost is estimated.
Percutaneous Closure of Paravalvular Regurgitation After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ando Tomo , Takagi Hisato ,   for the ALICE (All‐Literature Investigation of Cardiovascular Evidence) Group
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTParavalvular
regurgitation (PVR) remains one of the drawbacks of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Details of percutaneous closure (PCC) of PVR after TAVI remain obscure. We aimed to explore the patient characteristics, procedural details, closure devices used, and outcomes of PCC after TAVI. A systematic search of the MEDLINE/PubMed and Embase databases from January 2002 to September 2015 was conducted. Reports considered to include same patient were excluded and only the studies with largest cohorts were included. A total of 14 studies including 58 patients (61 cases) were included in the study. A balloon‐expandable (BE) valve was used more frequently compared with a self‐expandable (SE) valve (72.6% vs 27.4%, respectively). The mean success rate was 86.9% (100% and 77.8%, respectively; P = 0.097). The median number of closure devices used was 1 (range, 1–4) and did not differ between SE and BE valves (P = 0.71). Mean time from index procedure to PCC did not differ between SE and BE valves (295 ± 380 days vs 379 ± 353 days; P = 0.71). Seven patients had history of valve‐in‐valve and 6 patients had procedural success. Among the patients with available follow‐up data (94.8%), there were 15 deaths (27.3%). Percutaneous closure of PVR after TAVI had a high success rate in selected patients in both BE and SE valves. The success rate, timing, and number of closure devices were similar between BE and SE valves. However, prognosis remains fairly poor.
Phenotypic plasticity in developmental rate is insufficient to offset high tadpole mortality in rapidly drying ponds
Authors: Amburgey S. M. , Murphy M. , Chris Funk W. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHabitat suitability is strongly regulated by seasonal conditions and stochastic processes, and this is especially important in temporary aquatic systems that contain organisms with complex life cycles. We investigated the potential for phenotypic plasticity in timing of and size at metamorphosis to mitigate effects of altered habitat conditions, specifically shortened hydroperiod (duration of water in ponds) and altered predator‐prey dynamics, in the pond‐breeding boreal chorus frog (Pseudacris maculata). We simulated reduced hydroperiod and concentrated predator cue in the laboratory to understand potential benefits and costs of plasticity. Tadpoles developed faster in response to the combined effects of reduced hydroperiod and increased concentration of predator cue, potentially due to reduced conspecific density. In contrast, there was no effect of reduced hydroperiod or predator cue on size at metamorphosis. Alone, this result suggests that phenotypic plasticity may allow P. maculata to escape the negative effects of rapidly drying ponds. However, tadpole survival was significantly lower in reduced hydroperiod treatments relative to all other treatments, suggesting that even if plasticity acts as a buffer against reduced hydroperiod by facilitating metamorphosis, heightened mortality may offset benefits of this rapid response. Our results add to previous studies of plastic responses in amphibians by disentangling the costs and benefits of plasticity in habitats with multiple, simultaneous stressors. We show that while plasticity may accelerate metamorphosis, similar, heightened levels of mortality are experienced regardless of plasticity. This implies that plasticity may not completely buffer populations against the effects of altered habitat conditions, such as those that occur with climate change or urbanization.