bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Institutional complementarities, intellectual property rights and technology in the knowledge economy
Authors: GÜRPINAR ERKAN 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis essay explores the trade-off between strong and weak intellectual property rights inside firms with reference to the importance of job termination. The probability of job termination has an effect on the relative profitability of different intellectual property rights regimes. Weak intellectual property rights may make it more attractive for skilled workers to join the firm, which will increase its profits while employing workers. However, when a job match is terminated the firm is left with the ownership of intellectual property only under a strong intellectual property rights regime. Based on the institutional complementarities approach we develop a simple model that analyses this trade-off, in which multiple organisational equilibria exist. We show that when intellectual property rights are taken into account, expectations such as increase in the skill and knowledge content of work are not inevitable in the knowledge economy.
‘C'est jeuli, la Gasceugne!’: l'antériorisation du phonème /ɔ/ dans le français régional du Béarn
Authors: Mooney Damien 
Published: December 2015

Résumé

Le français parisien vernaculaire connaît depuis longtemps un changement linguistique qui trouve son origine dans la classe ouvrière: une prononciation de la voyelle /ɔ/ dans des mots tels que

j
o
li

ou

Gasc
o
gne

correspondant à une orthographe

j
eu
li

ou

Gasc
eu
gne

. Des études antérieures, dans le cadre de la linguistique fonctionnelle ou de la sociolinguistique, indiquent que cette forme se diffuse de Paris aux régions, particulièrement sur les deux tiers nord du territoire français. Autrement dit, cette prononciation devient de plus en plus associée à une zone géographique étendue au-delà de Paris. Cet article fournit une analyse acoustique détaillée de cette prononciation dans la région du Béarn, à 800 kilomètres de Paris, dans le sud-ouest de la France. Trois générations de locuteurs natifs ont participé à une étude sociolinguistique labovienne et l'analyse de leurs prononciations s'effectue à partir d'un corpus de parole spontanée. Les résultats de l'analyse intergénérationnelle démontrent que ce changement s'est bien diffusé jusque dans le sud de la France, chez les jeunes en particulier. Les contraintes linguistiques et sociales sur cette diffusion sont présentées et l'adoption de cette forme est interprétée en termes de progressivité sociale: les jeunes méridionaux semblent adopter cette prononciation pour se donner l'air cosmopolite.
Development of a minipig model for lung injury induced by a single high-dose radiation exposure and evaluation with thoracic computed tomography
Authors: Lee Jong-Geol , Park Sunhoo , Bae Chang-Hwan , Jang Won-Suk , Lee Sun-Joo , Lee Dal Nim , Myung Jae Kyung , Kim Cheol Hyeon , Jin Young-Woo , Lee Seung-Sook , Shim Sehwan 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) due to nuclear or radiological exposure remains difficult to treat because of insufficient clinical data. The goal of this study was to establish an appropriate and efficient minipig model and introduce a thoracic computed tomography (CT)-based method to measure the progression of RILI. Göttingen minipigs were allocated to control and irradiation groups. The most obvious changes in the CT images after irradiation were peribronchial opacification, interlobular septal thickening, and lung volume loss. Hounsfield units (HU) in the irradiation group reached a maximum level at 6 weeks and decreased thereafter, but remained higher than those of the control group. Both lung area and cardiac right lateral shift showed significant changes at 22 weeks post irradiation. The white blood cell (WBC) count, a marker of pneumonitis, increased and reached a maximum at 6 weeks in both peripheral blood and bronchial alveolar lavage fluid. Microscopic findings at 22 weeks post irradiation were characterized by widening of the interlobular septum, with dense fibrosis and an increase in the radiation dose–dependent fibrotic score. Our results also showed that WBC counts and microscopic findings were positively correlated with the three CT parameters. In conclusion, the minipig model can provide useful clinical data regarding RILI caused by the adverse effects of high-dose radiotherapy. Peribronchial opacification, interlobular septal thickening, and lung volume loss are three quantifiable CT parameters that can be used as a simple method for monitoring the progression of RILI.
Functional diversity supports the biomass–diversity humped‐back relationship in phytoplankton assemblages
Authors: Török Péter , T‐Krasznai Enikő , B‐Béres Viktória , Bácsi István , Borics Gábor , Tóthmérész Béla 
Published: December 2015

Summary

Modelling the relationship between biomass and diversity in phytoplankton assemblages provides new insights into the mechanisms responsible for the coexistence of species, even in terrestrial ecosystems.

We tested the biomass–diversity relationship in lake phytoplankton along a wide biomass gradient using functional species groups. We hypothesized that changes in the taxonomic diversity of the phytoplankton along a biomass gradient are associated with altered functional diversity.

For the analyses, in total 768 samples were collected from 30 oxbows, reservoirs and lakes in the Hungarian Lowland Region and analysed between 1992 and 2002.

We found that the diversity and also the number of functional species groups showed a humped‐back curve similar to the species richness. The changes in functional group composition act as a good proxy for phytoplankton species responses. We found that the peak of the number of strategy groups and their Shannon diversity was at a much lower biomass than that of species richness.

We revealed the fine‐scale effects of increasing the dominance of respective species or species groups with increasing biomass. This increase was well reflected by the changes in the functional characteristics: first, the species evenness; then, the Shannon diversity; and finally, the species richness started to decrease with increasing biomass.

Cyanoprokaryota were positively correlated with increasing biomass and negatively with the increase in species richness; thus, the high increase both in their abundance and biomass can be responsible for the abruptly decreasing part of the humped‐back curve.

We detected a humped‐back curve between biomass and diversity, where the peak compared to terrestrial plant communities tended to be towards high biomass scores, that is, >60% instead of the 20–60% of the biomass range typical for terrestrial plant communities. Marked differences in the structural and dynamic features of phytoplankton assemblages and terrestrial plant communities are likely responsible for this difference.
Seed dispersal by dabbling ducks: an overlooked dispersal pathway for a broad spectrum of plant species
Authors: Soons Merel B. , Brochet Anne‐Laure , Kleyheeg Erik , Green Andy J. 
Published: December 2015

Summary

Dabbling ducks (Anatinae) are omnivorous birds that are widespread, numerous, highly mobile and often migratory, and therefore have great potential for (long distance) dispersal of other organisms, including plants. However, their ability to act as plant dispersal vectors has received little attention compared to frugivores and is often assumed to be relevant only for wetland species.

To evaluate the potential for plant dispersal by dabbling ducks, we collated and analysed existing data. We identified all plant species whose seeds have been recorded in the diets of the seven dabbling duck (Anas) species in the Western Palaearctic, as reported from gut content analyses. We then analysed the habitats and traits of these plant species to identify general patterns, and related these to data on gut passage survival and duck movements.

A large number of plant species (> 445 species of 189 genera and 57 families) have been recorded in the diet of dabbling ducks. These plant species represent a very wide range of habitats, including almost the full range of site fertility, moisture and light conditions, excluding only very dry and deeply shaded habitats. The ducks prefer seeds of intermediate sizes (1–10 mm3), which have good chances to survive gut passage, but also ingest smaller and larger seeds. Ingested seeds represent a wide range of dispersal syndromes, including fleshy fruits. Many species (62%) were not previously considered animal‐dispersed in plant data bases, and 66% were not identified as bird‐dispersed. Rarefaction analyses suggest that our analysis still greatly underestimates the total number of plant species ingested.

Synthesis. Dabbling ducks do not exclusively ingest seeds of wetland plants, which make up only 40% of the ingested species. Rather, they feed opportunistically on a wide cross‐section of plant species available across the landscapes they inhabit. Given the millions of ducks, the hundreds to thousands of seeds ingested per individual on a daily basis, and known gut passage survival rates, this results in vast numbers of seeds dispersed by ducks per day. Internal seed dispersal by dabbling ducks appears to be a major dispersal pathway for a far broader spectrum of plant species than previously considered.
The Political Ecology of Virtual Water in Southern Spain
Authors: Beltrán Maria J. , Velázquez Esther 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWhat does virtual water conceal? This article synthesizes political ecology with ecological economics to question the understanding of the scientific concept of virtual water as part of an independent objective reality, rather than as a construction supported by pre‐existing ideas. The discourse promoting both the concept of virtual water and the methodologies used to estimate virtual water flows is structured according to some underlying ideas that are framed within market logic and the rationality of international trade. Consequently, it produces a representation of water as a factor of production that does not challenge the hegemonic construction of water scarcity in nature, and proposes a water management system the main purpose of which is to maximize efficiency in the use of the resource. We reveal the ideas underlying the virtual water concept to show how a critical approach to ecological economics can be complemented by political ecology theories. In this article, we use epistemological reflection as a starting point, with the specific objective of contrasting this reflection with the reality of water in the horticultural sector of Almería (southern Spain), in order to bring to light those aspects made invisible through the use of the virtual water indicator in a concrete case study.
Comparing the Cost of Care Provided to Medicare Beneficiaries Assigned to Primary Care Nurse Practitioners and Physicians
Authors: Perloff Jennifer , DesRoches Catherine M. , Buerhaus Peter 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveThis study is designed to assess the cost of services provided to Medicare beneficiaries by nurse practitioners (NPs) billing under their own National Provider Identification number as compared to primary care physicians (PCMDs).Data SourceMedicare Part A (inpatient) and Part B (office visit) claims for 2009–2010.Study DesignRetrospective cohort design using propensity score weighted regression.Data Extraction MethodsBeneficiaries cared for by a random sample of NPs and primary care physicians.Principal FindingsAfter adjusting for demographic characteristics, geography, comorbidities, and the propensity to see an NP, Medicare evaluation and management payments for beneficiaries assigned to an NP were $207, or 29 percent, less than PCMD assigned beneficiaries. The same pattern was observed for inpatient and total office visit paid amounts, with 11 and 18 percent less for NP assigned beneficiaries, respectively. Results are similar for the work component of relative value units as well.ConclusionsThis study provides new evidence of the lower cost of care for beneficiaries managed by NPs, as compared to those managed by PCMDs across inpatient and office‐based settings. Results suggest that increasing access to NP primary care will not increase costs for the Medicare program and may be cost saving.
Inside the Green House “Black Box”: Opportunities for High‐Quality Clinical Decision Making
Authors: Bowers Barbara , Roberts Tonya , Nolet Kimberly , Ryther Brenda ,   the THRIVE Research Collaborative
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveTo develop a conceptual model that explained common and divergent care processes in Green House (GH) nursing homes with high and low hospital transfer rates.Data Sources/SettingsEighty‐four face‐to‐face, semistructured interviews were conducted with direct care, professional, and administrative staff with knowledge of care processes in six GH organizations in six states.Study Design/Data CollectionThe qualitative grounded theory method was used for data collection and analysis. Data were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding. Data collection and analysis occurred iteratively.Principal FindingsElements of the GH model created significant opportunities to identify, communicate, and respond to early changes in resident condition. Staff in GH homes with lower hospital transfer rates employed care processes that maximized these opportunities. Staff in GH homes with higher transfer rates failed to maximize, or actively undermined, these opportunities.ConclusionsVariations in how the GH model was implemented across GH homes suggest possible explanations for inconsistencies found in past research on the care outcomes, including hospital transfer rates, in culture change models. The findings further suggest that the details of culture change implementation are important considerations in model replication and policies that create incentives for care improvements.
Workforce Characteristics, Perceptions, Stress, and Satisfaction among Staff in Green House and Other Nursing Homes
Authors: Brown Patrick B. , Hudak Sandra L. , Horn Susan D. , Cohen Lauren W. , Reed David Allen , Zimmerman Sheryl ,   the THRIVE Research Collaborative
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveTo compare workforce characteristics and staff perceptions of safety, satisfaction, and stress between Green House (GH) and comparison nursing homes (CNHs).Data Sources/Study SettingPrimary data on staff perceptions of safety, stress, and satisfaction from 13 GHs and 8 comparison NHs in 11 states; secondary data from human resources records on workforce characteristics, turnover, and staffing from 01/01/2011–06/30/2012.Study DesignObservational study.Data Collection MethodsWorkforce data were from human resources offices; staff perceptions were from surveys.Principal FindingsFew significant differences were found between GH and CNHs. Exceptions were GH direct caregivers were older, provided twice the normalized hours per week budgeted per resident than CNAs in CNHs or Legacy NHs, and trended toward lower turnover.ConclusionsGH environment may promote staff longevity and does not negatively affect worker's stress, safety perceptions, or satisfaction. Larger studies are needed to confirm findings.
Low‐acuity presentations to regional emergency departments: What is the issue?
Authors: Cheek Colleen , Allen Penny , Shires Lizzi , Parry Denise , Ruigrok Marielle 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo explore GP‐referrals and self‐referrals to EDs and factors associated with patients seeking low‐acuity care at ED.MethodRetrospective analysis of all ED presentations to Mersey Community Hospital and North West Regional Hospital (Tasmania) between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2013. Cross‐sectional survey of patients presenting to the EDs for care triaged as low‐acuity.ResultsThere were 255  365 ED presentations in the retrospective data: 11  252 (4.4%) GP‐referrals and 218  205 (85.4%) self‐referrals. At ED 49% of GP‐referrals were triaged ATS 4 or 5 and 35% of self‐referrals were triaged ATS 1–3. There were 138 (84.2%) low‐acuity patients who completed the survey; predominantly, all attended for acute injury or illness. Single point‐of‐care convenience was most commonly selected (71%) as a reason for attending ED.ConclusionsOver 85% of patients who seek emergency care in this region self‐refer, so understanding health‐seeking behaviour is important. Most low‐acuity patients are acutely injured or unwell, and the decision to go to ED is based on their perception of accessibility of expertise aligned with their need. The term ‘GP‐type’ is misleading in this context and should not be used. Providing low‐acuity care in parallel with providing a specialised emergency service meets the needs of the local community and is likely to be the lowest cost model in a regional and rural area. Funding models must reflect the actual cost of delivering this important service rather than presentation types.
Rehabilitation in a Red State
Authors: Thielo Angela J. , Cullen Francis T. , Cohen Derek M. , Chouhy Cecilia 
Published: December 2015

Research SummaryBased on a 2013 survey of 1,001 likely voters in Texas, public support for correctional reform in a “red state” was examined. Four major conclusions were revealed. First, the respondents displayed strong support for rehabilitation. Second, at least for nonviolent and/or drug offenders, the sample members showed a clear preference for the use of alternatives to incarceration as opposed to imprisonment. Third, when asked about a specific policy reform that used treatment rather than prison for nonviolent drug offenders, more than eight in ten Texans approved of the measure, and strong majorities endorsed various rationales for it. Fourth, with some minor variation, the respondents revealed substantial consensus across demographic groups in their embrace of rehabilitation and correctional reform.Policy ImplicationsWith the growth of mass imprisonment arguably at its end, the existence of strong public support for correctional reform even in the major red state of Texas, suggests that a new “sensibility” about crime control has taken hold. There is now an emergent national consensus that the overuse of incarceration is unsustainable and that low‐risk offenders no longer should be sanctioned with a prison sentence. The American public, in Texas and beyond, is willing to support a policy agenda that includes offender treatment, prison downsizing, and alternatives to incarceration. The challenge for elected officials is to take advantage of this ideological space and to pursue this agenda. Notably, politicians in Texas and in other red states are using this opportunity to implement correctional policy reforms. The data in this study indicate that they will face no public backlash and, if anything, will gain political capital for their efforts.
Generalisation of Mood's Test to Factorial Designs to Detect Heterogeneity of Variances
Authors: Karaman Filiz , Cene Erhan 
Published: December 2015

SummaryMood's test, which is a relatively old test (and the oldest non‐parametric test among those tests in its class) for determining heterogeneity of variance, is still being widely used in different areas such as biometry, biostatistics and medicine. Although it is a popular test, it is not suitable for use on a two‐way factorial design. In this paper, Mood's test is generalised to the 2 × 2 factorial design setting and its performance is compared with that of Klotz's test. The power and robustness of these tests are examined in detail by means of a simulation study with 10,000 replications. Based on the simulation results, the generalised Mood's and Klotz's tests can especially be recommended in settings in which the parent distribution is symmetric. As an example application we analyse data from a multi‐factor agricultural system that involves chilli peppers, nematodes and yellow nutsedge. This example dataset suggests that the performance of the generalised Mood test is in agreement with that of the generalised Klotz's test.
Strategic approach to concurrent aberrant left gastric vein and aberrant left hepatic artery in laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for early gastric cancer: A case report
Authors: Kuwada Kazuya , Kuroda Shinji , Kikuchi Satoru , Hori Naoto , Kubota Tetsushi , Nishizaki Masahiko , Kagawa Shunsuke , Fujiwara Toshiyoshi 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAn aberrant left gastric vein (ALGV) directly entering the lateral segment of the liver is a rare variation in the portal vein system, whereas an aberrant left hepatic artery (ALHA) arising from the left gastric artery is observed relatively frequently. Here we report a case in which both ALGV and ALHA were encountered before laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with curative lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer. We accurately diagnosed these vessel anomalies preoperatively on abdominal contrast‐enhanced CT. During surgery, we divided the ALGV at the point of entry to the liver and preserved the ALHA by dividing the branches toward the stomach, in consideration of curability and safety. The postoperative course was uneventful overall, although temporary mild liver dysfunction was observed. This case highlights the importance of preoperative evaluation and preparation in a rare case of concurrent ALGV and ALHA.
Laparoscopic intraperitoneal mesh repair of Spigelian hernia: A case report
Authors: Yoshida Daisuke , Itoh Shinji , Kinjo Nao , Harimoto Norifumi , Maruyama Seiji , Kawanaka Hirofumi , Shirabe Ken , Matsukuma Akito , Kohnoe Shunji , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSpigelian hernia is a rare congenital defect of the anterior abdominal wall located along the semilunar line through the aponeurosis fascia of the transversus abdominis muscle. It represents 1%–2% of all abdominal wall hernias. Few cases of laparoscopic treatment for Spigelian hernia have been reported, especially in Japan. However, several reports of laparoscopic surgery to repair Spigelian hernias have been published, and some have shown that the laparoscopic approach repair is feasible because it is associated with less morbidity and a shorter hospital stay than open surgery. We herein describe a 63‐year‐old Japanese woman who presented with painful bulging in the right lower abdominal quadrant. A preoperative diagnosis of Spigelian hernia was made, and we performed laparoscopic intraperitoneal repair. The patient was discharged 6 days after laparoscopic surgery with no perioperative complications. This report describes the first successful laparoscopic intraperitoneal mesh repair of Spigelian hernia in Japan.
Suture granuloma with false‐positive finding on PET/CT after gastrectomy for gastric cancer
Authors: Tsujita Eiji , Ikeda Yasuharu , Kinjo Nao , Yamashita Yo‐ichi , Kumagai Reiko , Taguchi Ken‐ichi , Yamaguchi Shohei , Minami Kazuhito , Yamamoto Manabu , Morita Masaru , Toh Yasushi , Okamura Takeshi 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis study is a case report on a 49‐year‐old woman who had a gastrectomy and lymphadenectomy for pStage IIIa gastric cancer. Shortly after a 12‐month course of adjuvant chemotherapy, CT showed a nodule adjacent to the gallbladder. High 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose accumulation was detected, with a standardized uptake value of 10. Therefore, laparoscopic excision was performed for diagnosis and treatment. The histopathological finding was suture granuloma. Suture granulomas with high standardized uptake values on PET scans are uncommon and often cause surgeons to provide an inaccurate diagnosis. Our study suggests that suture granuloma should be included in the differential diagnosis of a new or recurrent mass detected in patients with a history of prior surgery; however, surgeons must bear in mind that false‐positive fluorodeoxyglucose‐PET results can be observed in suture granuloma.