bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
South Pole Aitken Basin magnetic anomalies: Evidence for the true polar wander of Moon and a lunar dynamo reversal
Authors: Arkani‐Hamed Jafar , Boutin Daniel 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe analysis of the Lunar Prospector magnetic data over South Pole Aitken basin reveals two categories of magnetic anomalies with distinctly different polarities. Modeling the anomalies in terms of vertical prism source bodies shows two separate true polar wander paths of the Moon. One is driven by the giant surface mass deficiency resulted from the formation of the South Pole Aitken basin and the other by the giant surface mass concentrations (mascons) formed inside the large impact basins, such as Serenitatis and Imbrium, and a vast volcanic deposit on Procellarum Terrane. A total of ~100° true polar wander path suggests that the source bodies are formed and magnetized during a long period. Moreover, the distinctly different polarities of the two categories of the anomalies support the idea that the core dynamo underwent a reversal or shutdown and started up with a different polarity, caused by the latter impacts. The impact‐induced shock pressures of 10–20 GPa traveling inside the lunar core, the appreciable angular momentum transfer to the lunar mantle by the impacting bodies, and the impact‐induced stratification of the core probably reversed the polarity of the core dynamo. We also model the north Crisium magnetic anomaly, extracted from the Lunar Prospector magnetic data. The paleomagnetic pole position obtained for the source body reveals that the north Crisium anomaly belongs to the first category of the anomalies.
Impact velocity dependence of transient cratering growth
Authors: Yamamoto S. , Hasegawa S. , Suzuki A. I. , Matsunaga T. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe present paper describes observations of crater growth for various impact velocities up to ∼6 km s−1. Spherical polycarbonate projectiles (4.76 mm) were impacted vertically into dry sand targets at impact velocities vi ranging from 0.7 to ∼6 km s−1, and the temporal change (diameter growth) in diameter of crater cavities was measured by a high‐speed profilometer with 2000 frames per second. Our data show that the diameter growth follows a power law relation at the early stages, but the data at the later stages deviate from the power law relation. It is also shown that the power law exponent at the early stages decreases with increasing vi, indicating a possibility that the growth rate of the transient crater cavity decreases with increasing vi. On the other hand, the power law relation for final crater sizes in our data is consistent with the classical scaling relation for final crater sizes, which is thought to be independent of vi. Thus, our data may suggest that there is a difference in the power law behavior between the crater growth and the final crater sizes.
CO2 flux from Javanese mud volcanism
Authors: Queißer M. , Burton M. R. , Arzilli F. , Chiarugi A. , Marliyani G. I. , Anggara F. , Harijoko A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractStudying the quantity and origin of CO2 emitted by back‐arc mud volcanoes is critical to correctly model fluid‐dynamical, thermodynamical, and geochemical processes that drive their activity and to constrain their role in the global geochemical carbon cycle. We measured CO2 fluxes of the Bledug Kuwu mud volcano on the Kendeng Fold and thrust belt in the back arc of Central Java, Indonesia, using scanning remote sensing absorption spectroscopy. The data show that the expelled gas is rich in CO2 with a volume fraction of at least 16 vol %. A lower limit CO2 flux of 1.4 kg s−1 (117 t d−1) was determined, in line with the CO2 flux from the Javanese mud volcano LUSI. Extrapolating these results to mud volcanism from the whole of Java suggests an order of magnitude total CO2 flux of 3 kt d−1, comparable with the expected back‐arc efflux of magmatic CO2. After discussing geochemical, geological, and geophysical evidence we conclude that the source of CO2 observed at Bledug Kuwu is likely a mixture of thermogenic, biogenic, and magmatic CO2, with faulting controlling potential pathways for magmatic fluids. This study further demonstrates the merit of man‐portable active remote sensing instruments for probing natural gas releases, enabling bottom‐up quantification of CO2 fluxes.
Microstructural evidence for seismic and aseismic slips along clay‐bearing, carbonate faults
Authors: Smeraglia Luca , Bettucci Andrea , Billi Andrea , Carminati Eugenio , Cavallo Andrea , Di Toro Giulio , Natali Marco , Passeri Daniele , Rossi Marco , Spagnuolo Elena 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this multimethodological study, microstructural observations of fault rocks are combined with micromechanical property analyses (contact resonance atomic force microscopy (CR‐AFM)) and with rotary friction experiments (Slow‐ to High‐Velocity rotary‐shear friction Apparatus apparatus) to find evidence of seismic to aseismic slip and understand the nanoscale rheology of clay‐bearing, carbonate‐hosted faults. Fluidized structures, truncated clasts, pores and vesicles, and phyllosilicate nanosized spherules and tubes suggest fast deformation events occurred during seismic slip, whereas clay‐assisted pressure‐solution processes, clumped clasts, foliation surfaces, and mantled clasts indicate slow deformation events occurred during postseismic/interseismic periods. CR‐AFM measurements show that the occurrence of ~5 wt % of clay within the carbonate‐hosted gouges can significantly reduce the fault core stiffness at nanoscale. In addition, during high‐velocity friction experiments simulating seismic slip conditions, the presence of ultrathin phyllosilicate‐bearing (≤3 wt %) layers within calcite gouges, as those observed in the natural fault, show faster dynamic weakening than that of pure calcite gouges. The weak behavior of such layers could facilitate the upward propagation of seismic slip during earthquakes, thus possibly enhancing surface faulting. Microstructural observations and experimental evidence fit some well‐known geophysical and geodetic observations on the short‐ to long‐term mechanical behavior of faults such as postseismic/interseismic aseismic creep, interseismic fault locking, and seismic slip propagation up to the Earth's surface.
Biocatalytic Self‐Assembly Cascades
Authors: Sahoo Jugal Kishore , Pappas Charalampos G. , Sasselli Ivan Ramos , Abul‐Haija Yousef M. , Ulijn Rein V. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe properties of supramolecular materials are dictated by both kinetic and thermodynamic aspects, providing opportunities to dynamically regulate morphology and function. Herein, we demonstrate time‐dependent regulation of supramolecular self‐assembly by connected, kinetically competing enzymatic reactions. Starting from Fmoc‐tyrosine phosphate and phenylalanine amide in the presence of an amidase and phosphatase, four distinct self‐assembling molecules may be formed which each give rise to distinct morphologies (spheres, fibers, tubes/tapes and sheets). By varying the sequence or ratio in which the enzymes are added to mixtures of precursors, these structures can be (transiently) accessed and interconverted. The approach provides insights into dynamic self‐assembly using competing pathways that may aid the design of soft nanostructures with tunable dynamic properties and life times.
C−N Bond Activation and Ring Opening of a Saturated N‐Heterocyclic Carbene by Lateral Alkali‐Metal‐Mediated Metalation
Authors: Hernán‐Gómez Alberto , Kennedy Alan R. , Hevia Eva 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCombining alkali‐metal‐mediated metalation (AMMM) and N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) chemistry, a novel C−N bond activation and ring‐opening process is described for these increasingly important NHC molecules, which are generally considered robust ancillary ligands. Here, mechanistic investigations on reactions of saturated NHC SIMes (SIMes=[:C{N(2,4,6‐Me3C6H2)CH2}2]) with Group 1 alkyl bases suggest this destructive process is triggered by lateral metalation of the carbene. Exploiting co‐complexation and trans‐metal‐trapping strategies with lower polarity organometallic reagents (Mg(CH2SiMe3)2 and Al(TMP)iBu2), key intermediates in this process have been isolated and structurally defined.
Kooperative Licht‐aktivierte Iod‐ und Photoredox‐Katalyse zur Aminierung von C‐H‐Bindungen
Authors: Becker Peter , Duhamel Thomas , Stein Christopher J. , Reiher Markus , Muñiz Kilian 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEin neuartiges Verfahren zum kooperativen Zusammenspiel eines molekularen Iod‐ und eines Photoredox‐Katalysators in einer dualen photo‐induzierten intramolekularen benzylischen C‐H‐Aminierung wird beschrieben. In dieser Reaktion agiert Iod als Katalysator zur Bildung einer neuen C‐N‐Bindung unter photochemischer Aktivierung einer C
‐H‐Bindung (1,5‐HAT‐Prozess), während der organische Photoredox‐Katalysator TPT auf effiziente Weise den molekularen Iod‐Katalysator reoxidiert. Die Vereinbarkeit der beiden photochemischen Reaktionsschritte wurde mithilfe computerchemischer Berechnungen des Schlüsselschritts – der Aktivierung der N‐I‐Bindung – untersucht. Diese neuartige kooperative Katalyse bietet wichtige Anhaltspunkte für die Kombination von nicht‐metallischen Hauptgruppenkatalysatoren mit Photoredox‐Katalyse.
The EPR Spectrum of Triplet Mesitylphosphinidene: Reassignment and New Assignment
Authors: Akimov Alexander V. , Ganushevich Yulia S. , Korchagin Denis V. , Miluykov Vasili A. , Misochko Eugenii Y. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLow‐temperature UV‐photolysis of mesitylphosphiranes under highly anaerobic conditions leads to the formation of the triplet mesitylphosphinidene (MesP). The recorded X‐band EPR spectrum of triplet MesP and the derived zero‐field splitting parameter D=4.116 cm−1 differ significantly from those reported previously for this intermediate. New magnetic parameters of mesitylphosphinidene are discussed along with the results of DFT calculations.
Poly(Ionic Liquid)‐Derived Carbon with Site‐Specific N‐Doping and Biphasic Heterojunction for Enhanced CO2 Capture and Sensing
Authors: Gong Jiang , Antonietti Markus , Yuan Jiayin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCO2 capture is a pressing global environmental issue that drives scientists to develop creative strategies for tackling this challenge. The concept in this contribution is to produce site‐specific nitrogen doping in microporous carbon fibers. Following this approach a carbon/carbon heterojunction is created by using a poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) as a “soft” activation agent that deposits nitrogen species exclusively on the surface of commercial microporous carbon fibers. This type of carbon‐based biphasic heterojunction amplifies the interaction between carbon fiber and CO2 molecule for unusually high CO2 uptake and resistive sensing.
Redox‐Sensitive Stomatocyte Nanomotors: Destruction and Drug Release in the Presence of Glutathione
Authors: Tu Yingfeng , Peng Fei , White Paul B. , Wilson Daniela A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe development of artificial nanomotor systems that are stimuli‐responsive is still posing many challenges. Herein, we demonstrate the self‐assembly of a redox‐responsive stomatocyte nanomotor system, which can be used for triggered drug release under biological reducing conditions. The redox sensitivity was introduced by incorporating a disulfide bridge between the hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) block and the hydrophobic polystyrene block. When incubated with the endogenous reducing agent glutathione at a concentration comparable to that within cells, the external PEG shells of these stimuli‐responsive nanomotors are cleaved. The specific bowl‐shaped stomatocytes aggregate after the treatment with glutathione, leading to the loss of motion and triggered drug release. These novel redox‐responsive nanomotors can not only be used for remote transport but also for drug delivery, which is promising for future biomedical applications.
Janus Copper Mesh Film with Unidirectional Water Transportation Ability toward High Efficiency Oil/Water Separation
Authors: Cheng Zhongjun , Wang Bohan , Lai Hua , Liu Pengchang , Zhang Dongjie , Tian Da , Liu Hongwei , Yu Xiaoyan , Sun Bo , Sun Kening 
Published: May 2017

AbstractInspired by the special asymmetric wettability and controllable permeation function of cell membranes, we report a Janus nanostructured copper mesh film with unidirectional water transportation ability. Water can permeate from the hydrophobic side to the hydrophilic side, but is retained in the opposite direction. Notably, based on this special unidirectional water permeation property, both heavy oil/water mixtures (ρoil>ρwater) and light oil/water mixtures (ρoil<ρwater) can be separated. Additionally, the film demonstrates high separation efficiency and good recyclability. This paper reports a new Janus film that achieved highly efficient oil/water separation based on smart control of the wettability of the film. It is believed to have the potential to be used in many practical applications, such as wastewater treatment and oil‐spill cleanup.
EngineeredHumicola insolenscutinase for efficient cellulose acetate deacetylation
Authors: Shirke Abhijit N. , Butterfoss Glenn L. , Saikia Rakhi , Basu Aditya , de Maria Leonardo , Svendsen Allan , Gross Richard A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCutinases comprise a family of esterases with broad hydrolytic activity for chain and pendant ester groups. This work aimed to identify and improve an efficient cutinase for cellulose acetate (CA) deacetylation. The development of a mild method for CA fiber surface deacetylation will result in improved surface hydrophilicity and reactivity while, when combined with cellulases, a route to the full recycling of CA to acetate and glucose. In this study, the comparative CA deacetylation activity of four homologous wild‐type (wt) fungal cutinases fromAspergillus oryzae(AoC),Thiellavia terrestris(TtC),Fusarium solani(FsC), andHumicola insolens(HiC) was determined by analysis of CA deacetylation kinetics. wt‐HiC had the highest catalytic efficiency (≈32 [cm2L‐1]‐1h‐1). Comparison of wt‐cutinase catalytic constants revealed that differences in catalytic efficiency are primarily due to corresponding variations in corresponding substrate binding constants. Docking studies with model tetrameric substrates also revealed structural origins for differential substrate binding amongst these cutinases. Comparative docking studies of HiC point mutations led to the identification of two important rationales for engineering cutinases for CA deacetylation: (i) create a tight but not too closed binding groove, (ii) allow for hydrogen bonding in the extended region around the active site. Rationally designed HiC with amino acid substitutions I36S, predicted to hydrogen bond to CA, combined with F70A, predicted to remove steric constraints, showed a two‐fold improvement in catalytic efficiency. Continued cutinase optimization guided by a detailed understanding of structure‐activity relationships, as demonstrated here, will be an important tool to developing practical cutinases for commercial green chemistry technologies.
Simulation of thin liquid jets with threads
Authors: Baek Seungho , Han JungHyun 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn a thin liquid jet from faucet, shower, fountain, etc., the initially smooth jet surface is gradually perturbed with time to eventually produce droplets. This paper proposes to model such a liquid jet with a thread. It is defined as a series of nodes and an edge connecting a pair of nodes is filled with volume particles. The jet's large‐scale behavior is simulated by moving a relatively small number of nodes whereas the small‐scale detail is described using the volume particles. The proposed method is capable of handling a large number of jets and describing the special effects, such as liquid chain and fishbone, produced by impinging jets. Furthermore, the proposed method can be neatly integrated into existing fluid simulation systems at a small cost.
Essential Oil Variability in Natural Populations of Artemisia campestris (L.) and Artemisia herba‐alba (Asso) and Incidence on Antiacetylcholinesterase and Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Younsi Faten , Mehdi Sameh , Aissi Oumayma , Rahali Najoua , Jaouadi Rym , Boussaid Mohamed , Messaoud Chokri 
Published: May 2017

The intraspecific variability of Artemisia herba‐alba and A. campestris essential oils and the evaluation of their antioxidant and antiacetylcholinesterase activities were determined. Artemisia herba‐alba essential oil was found rich in camphor (19.61%), α‐thujone (19.40%), β‐thujone (9.44%), chrysanthenone (9.26%), and trans‐sabinyl acetate (8.43%). The major compounds of A. campestris essential oil were germacrene D (16.38%), β‐pinene (16.33%), and limonene (9.17%). Significant variation in the essential oil composition was observed among populations of each species. The divergence between populations was attributed to the variation of some climatic factors such as altitude, annual rainfall, winter cold stress, summer precipitation, summer drought stress, evapotranspiration, and humidity.Artemisia herba‐alba and A. campestris essential oils exhibited promising antioxidant and antiacetylcholinesterase activities. The level of activity varied significantly according to the species and the essential oil. The highest scavenging activity (IC50 = 0.14 mg/ml) and the uppermost capacity to prevent β‐carotene bleaching (IC50 = 0.10 mg/ml) characterized A. campestris from population 6. A. campestris population 3 possessed the uppermost ability to reduce ferric ions (450.7 μmol Fe2+/g EO). The population 2 of A. campestris showed the strongest antiacetylcholinesterase activity (IC50 = 0.02 mg/ml). The variation of these activities between the essential oils was explained by their composition differences.
Highly Selective Stable Isotope Labeling of Histidine Residues by Using a Novel Precursor in E. coli‐Based Overexpression Systems
Authors: Schörghuber Julia , Geist Leonhard , Platzer Gerald , Konrat Robert , Lichtenecker Roman J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe importance of NMR spectroscopy in unraveling the structural and dynamic properties of proteins is ever‐expanding owing to progress in experimental techniques, hardware development, and novel labeling approaches. Multiple sophisticated methods of aliphatic residue labeling can be found in the literature, whereas the selective incorporation of NMR active isotopes into other amino acids still holds the potential for improvement. In order to close this methodological gap, we present a novel metabolic precursor for cell‐based protein overexpression to assemble 13C/2H isotope patterns in the peptide backbone, as well as in side chain positions of a mechanistically distinguished histidine residue.
Characterization of Methyltransferase AlmCII in Chalcomycin Biosynthesis: The First TylF Family O‐Methyltransferase Works on a 4′‐Deoxysugar
Authors: Dai Ping , Wang Chuan‐Xi , Gao Hao , Wang Qiao‐Zhen , Tang Xiao‐Long , Chen Guo‐Dong , Hong Kui , Hu Dan , Yao Xin‐Sheng 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSugar O‐methylation is a ubiquitous modification in natural products and plays diverse roles. This realization has inspired many attempts to search for novel methyltransferases. Chalcomycins are a group of 16‐membered macrolides containing two methylated sugars that require three methyltransferases for their biosynthesis. Here, we identified that AlmCII, a sugar O‐methyltransferase belonging to the TylF family that was previously only known to methylate sugars with a 4′‐hydroxy group, can methylate a 4′,6′‐dideoxysugar during the biosynthesis of chalcomycins. An in vitro enzymatic assay revealed that AlmCII is divalent metal‐dependent with an optimal pH of 8.0 and optimal temperature of 42 °C. Moreover, the 3′‐O‐demethylated chalcomycins exhibit less than 6 % of the antibacterial activity of their parent compounds. This is the first report demonstrating that a TylF family O‐methyltransferase can use a 4′‐deoxy sugar as a substrate and highlighting the importance of this methylation for the antibacterial activity of chalcomycins.
Predicting Early Readmission Following PCI: A Work in Progress
Authors: Belardi Jorge A. , Albertal Mariano 
Published: May 2017

Key Points

Early hospital readmissions after percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) are common and costly.
From the NCDR CathPCI Registry and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, a risk prediction model was generated using 14 clinical variables, demonstrating modest discrimination.
Future research is needed to identify interventions aim to reduce early readmissions. The use of this risk model may help guide these interventions.
Large device for large atrial septal defects—the 40 mm Atrial Septal Occluder
Authors: Feldman Ted 
Published: May 2017

Key Points

The 40 mm ASO device can be used with a high rate of successful implantation for ASD closure
The technique of implantation usually requires more than simple direct, device placement
Balloon‐assisted technique (BAT) can make use of this large occluder more predictable
Experience contributes significantly to procedure success
Important complications, such as device embolization will occur in a small number of cases
Thrombotic complications are infrequent, even with aspirin monotherapy
Revisiting Femoral vs. Radial access—do vascular closure devices level the playing field?
Authors: Pasala Tilak K. R. , Turi Zoltan G. 
Published: May 2017

Key Points

Previous large randomized multicenter trials have shown superiority of radial to femoral access in reducing major bleeding, vascular complications, and in some cohorts, mortality
Vascular closure devices improve time to hemostasis and ambulation, as well as patient comfort, but have not been shown to reduce major complications or mortality consistently in the high level evidence base.
The combination of optimal femoral access and closure with a vascular closure device has the potential to narrow the gap between the radial and femoral approaches in high risk patients, but unfortunately this study was too limited to confirm either non‐inferiority or equivalence
Thin‐walled access sheath to hold a larger guide: New technology specifically for transradial access
Authors: Davies Rhian E. , Gilchrist Ian C. 
Published: May 2017

Key Points

Vascular access sheaths are now available with thin walls specifically designed for transradial use.
A thin‐walled sheath with an outside diameter on the same order of size as a 6‐F traditional sheath can carry a 7‐F guiding catheter.
While the larger‐sized guides may increase the interventional options for the radial operator, a hazard from vascular damage due to the larger‐sized lumens may exist and points to a need for further improvement in radial specific equipment.
Preventing and treating coronary perforations: Lessons from disaster management
Authors: Sandoval Yader , Brilakis Emmanouil S. 
Published: May 2017

Key Points

Coronary artery perforations (CAP) are rare in patients undergoing routine PCI with recent contemporary databases reporting an incidence ∼0.3%.
Older age, cardiomyopathy or left ventricular dysfunction, mechanical circulatory support prior to PCI, and CTO lesions have the strongest association with CAP.
Prevention, early detection, preparedness and familiarity with the equipment used to treat perforations (such as efficient use of covered stents, and fat or coil embolization) and regrouping to examine and educate about these experiences are key for improving our response to cath lab disasters.
End‐stage renal disease and severe aortic stenosis. Does valve replacement improve one‐year outcomes?
Authors: Alraies M. Chadi , Satler Lowell F. 
Published: May 2017

Key Points

TAVR or SAVR has a 1‐year survival benefit over BAV alone in patients with severe symptomatic AS and ESRD on dialysis
More studies comparing SAVR vs. TAVR outcome in ESRD patients and severe AS are needed to understand further the patients that will benefit the most in terms of quality of life.
The heart team approach for treatment of patients with ESRD and severe AS remains extremely important to optimize patient's outcome.