bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis is the dominant methanogenic pathway in neotropical tank bromeliad wetlands
Authors: Martinson Guntars O. , Pommerenke Bianca , Brandt Franziska B. , Homeier Jürgen , Burneo Juan I. , Conrad Ralf 
Published: November 2017

SummarySeveral thousands of tank bromeliads per hectare of neotropical forest create a unique wetland ecosystem that emits substantial amounts of CH4. Tank bromeliads growing in the forest canopy (functional type‐II tank bromeliads) were found to emit more CH4 than tank bromeliads growing on the forest floor (functional type‐I tank bromeliads) but the reasons for this difference and the underlying microbial CH4‐cycling processes have not been studied. Therefore, we characterized archaeal communities in bromeliad tanks of the two different functional types in a neotropical montane forest of southern Ecuador using terminal‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (T‐RFLP) and performed tank‐slurry incubations to measure CH4 production potential, stable carbon isotope fractionation and pathway of CH4 formation. The archaeal community composition was dominated by methanogens and differed between bromeliad functional types. Hydrogenotrophic Methanomicrobiales were the dominant methanogens and hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis was the dominant methanogenic pathway among all bromeliads. The relative abundance of aceticlastic Methanosaetaceae and the relative contribution of aceticlastic methanogenesis increased in type‐I tank bromeliads probably due to more oxic conditions in type‐I than in type‐II bromeliads leading to the previously observed lower in situ CH4 emissions from type‐I tank bromeliads but to higher CH4 production potentials in type‐I tank bromeliad slurries.
Prediction of bleeding and thrombosis by standard biochemical coagulation variables in haematological intensive care patients
Authors: Russell L. , Madsen M. B. , Dahl M. , Kampmann P. , Perner A. 
Published: November 2017

PurposeWe assessed the value of standard biochemical coagulation parameters in predicting bleeding, thrombosis and mortality in adult Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients with haematological malignancies.MethodsWe screened all patients with acute leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome admitted to a university hospital ICU during 2008–2012. Data were obtained from the clinical chemistry laboratory database and patient files. We graded bleeding according to the World Health Organisation (WHO)‐system within 24‐h, within 5‐days and during the whole ICU stay. We analysed the predictive values of laboratory parameters using multiple logistic regression and receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curves. As we previously have established that platelet count at admission was associated with bleeding, we focused on International Normalised Ratio (INR), activated pro‐thrombin time (APTT), anti‐thrombin, D‐dimer and fibrinogen, and markers of infection (C‐reactive protein, pro‐calcitonin), kidney function (creatinine) and tissue damage (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)).ResultsWe included 116 patients; 66 (57%) had at least one bleeding episode and 11 (9%) patients had at least one thrombotic event. The differences in coagulation values when bleeding compared to baseline values were minor. INR was the only variable we found associated with subsequent bleeding within 24 h from admission to ICU (odds ratio 2.91, 95% CI: 1.01–8.43, P = 0.048). ROC analyses did not show predictive value of any of the other variables with regards to bleeding and none of the variables were associated with thrombosis in adjusted analyses. Increased levels of LDH at admission were associated with increased 7‐day and 30‐day mortality.ConclusionsIncreased INR at admission was associated with a higher rate of bleeding in ICU patients with haematological malignancies. No other biochemical coagulation or other parameter had any association with bleeding, thrombosis or mortality except increased LDH, which at ICU admission was associated with increased 30‐day mortality.
Splenic vessel preservation versus splenic vessel resection in laparoscopic spleen‐preserving distal pancreatectomy
Authors: Hou Baohua , Xiong Dailan , Chen Sheng , Ma Tingting , Zhang Chuanzhao , Zhou Yu , Yin Zi 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundLaparoscopic spleen‐preserving distal pancreatectomy for low‐grade malignant pancreas tumours was recently demonstrated and can be performed with splenic vessel preservation (SVP) or splenic vessel resection (SVR). Whether one approach is superior to another is still a matter of debate.MethodsA systematic literature search (PubMed, Embase, Science Citation Index, Springer‐Link and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) was performed. Pooled intra‐ and post‐operative outcomes were evaluated. Stratified and sensitivity analyses were performed to explore heterogeneity between studies and to assess the effects of the study qualities.ResultsA total of six studies were included. There was no significant difference for SVR and SVP in terms of overall post‐operative complications and the pooled odds ratio (OR) was 0.87 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.55–1.38, I2 = 25%). Meta‐analysis on the pooled outcome of intraoperative operative time and blood loss favoured SVR; the mean differences were 18.64 min (95% CI 6.91–30.37 min, I2 = 21%) and 65.67 mL (95% CI 18.88–112.45 mL, I2 = 48%), respectively. Subgroup analysis showed a decrease incidences in perigastric varices (OR = 0.07, 95% CI 0.03–0.18, I2 = 29%) and splenic infarction (OR = 0.16, 95% CI 0.08–0.32, I2 = 0%) in SVP.ConclusionFor selected patients who underwent laparoscopic spleen‐preserving distal pancreatectomy, an increased preference for the SVP technique should be suggested considering its short‐term benefits. However, in case of large tumours that distort and compress vessel course, SVR could be applied with acceptable splenic ischaemia and perigastric varices.
STEROIDAL DRUGS IN ENDOMETRIOSIS
Authors: Kauppila A.J.I. , Telimaa S. , Rönnberg L. 
Published: November 2017

Progestins, including medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), danazol and gestrinone, are used in the medical management of endometriosis. Danazol and gestrinone, by inducing progestin‐like effects, closely resemble MPA in their actions on intrauterine endometrium. Ectopic endometrium, on the other hand, does not respond to these hormonal stimuli (as determined by estrogen and progestin receptor assays and 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity measurements), indicating that the therapeutic effects of steroidal drugs may not be entirely due to an action on the endometrium. At therapeutic doses, these drugs also prevent the midcycle elevation in gonadotropic hormone secretion and suppress ovarian activity (as evidenced by follicular arrest and low and stable estrogen and progesterone secretion). These indirect actions of progestins are probably more important than their direct actions on the endometrium in the treatment of endometriosis. These steroidal drugs also have androgenic effects, though the increase in the free androgen index caused by danazol is significantly larger than that induced by gestrinone or by MPA.In a study involving treatment with danazol (200 mg three times a day), high‐dose MPA (100 mg/day) or placebo for 6 months, danazol and MPA were found to have equal clinical efficacy (as judged by relief of symptoms and disappearance of lesions). Danazol therapy, however, caused more androgenic and metabolic side‐effects. Those patients who were infertile were also examined at 30 months. The cumulative pregnancy rate in these patients over the duration of the trial was danazol 33%, MPA 42% and placebo 46%, with no significant difference between treatments. Hormonal therapy delayed conception by approximately 8 months. Steroidal drugs of this type, which are useful in the treatment of both the lesion and symptoms of endometriosis, are not in general the treatment of choice for infertility associated with endometriosis.
Usefulness of knockout mice to clarify the role of the opioid system in chronic pain
Authors: Maldonado Rafael , Baños Josep Eladi , Cabañero David 
Published: November 2017

Several lines of knockout mice deficient in the genes encoding each component of the endogenous opioid system have been used for decades to clarify the specific role of the different opioid receptors and peptide precursors in many physiopathological conditions. The use of these genetically modified mice has improved our knowledge of the specific involvement of each endogenous opioid component in nociceptive transmission during acute and chronic pain conditions. The present review summarizes the recent advances obtained using these genetic tools in understanding the role of the opioid system in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying chronic pain. Behavioural data obtained in these chronic pain models are discussed considering the peculiarities of the behavioural phenotype of each line of knockout mice. These studies have identified the crucial role of specific components of the opioid system in different manifestations of chronic pain and have also opened new possible therapeutic approaches, such as the development of opioid compounds simultaneously targeting several opioid receptors. However, several questions still remain open and require further experimental effort to be clarified. The novel genetic tools now available to manipulate specific neuronal populations and precise genome editing in mice will facilitate in a near future the elucidation of the role of each component of the endogenous opioid system in chronic pain.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Emerging Areas of Opioid Pharmacology. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.14/issuetoc
Early Findings From the TransYouth Project: Gender Development in Transgender Children
Authors: Olson Kristina R. , Gülgöz Selin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDespite a dramatic increase in the number of socially transitioned transgender children (children who identify with the gender opposite their natal sex and who change their appearance and pronouns to align with that gender identity), few studies have examined transgender children's gender development. Findings from the TransYouth Project, the first large, longitudinal study of socially transitioned transgender children, suggest that the gender development of socially transitioned children looks similar to the gender development of their gender‐typical, gender‐matched peers and gender‐typical siblings. In this article, we review findings from the few studies that have addressed this topic, connect these studies to past research, and discuss ways to foster deeper understanding of gender development among transgender children.
Feature of Interest‐Based Direct Volume Rendering Using Contextual Saliency‐Driven Ray Profile Analysis
Authors: Jung Y. , Kim J. , Kumar A. , Feng D.D. , Fulham M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDirect volume rendering (DVR) visualization helps interpretation because it allows users to focus attention on the subset of volumetric data that is of most interest to them. The ideal visualization of the features of interest (FOIs) in a volume, however, is still a major challenge. The clear depiction of FOIs depends on accurate identification of the FOIs and appropriate specification of the optical parameters via transfer function (TF) design and it is typically a repetitive trial‐and‐error process. We address this challenge by introducing a new method that uses contextual saliency information to group the voxels along a viewing ray into distinct FOIs where ‘contextual saliency’ is a biologically inspired attribute that aids the identification of features that the human visual system considers important. The saliency information is also used to automatically define the optical parameters that emphasize the visual depiction of the FOIs in DVR. We demonstrate the capabilities of our method by its application to a variety of volumetric data sets and highlight its advantages by comparison to current state‐of‐the‐art ray profile analysis methods.
Impaired long contact white matter fibers integrity is related to depression in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Wu Jia‐Yong , Zhang Yang , Wu Wen‐Bo , Hu Gang , Xu Yun 
Published: November 2017

SummaryAimsDepression is one of the most common nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). But the pathogenesis is still unclear. Studies have shown that depression in PD is closely related to the white matter abnormalities, but the number of studies is still very small and lack of whole brain white matter lesions study.MethodsIn this study, we investigated whole brain white matter integrity in 31 depressed PD patients and 37 nondepressed PD patients by diffusion tensor imaging.ResultsThere was no difference in age, gender, age of onset, disease duration, Hoehn‐Yahr scale, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale scores‐III, and Mini‐Mental State Examination scores between the two groups. The only difference was the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Depressed PD patients showed reduced fractional anisotropy values in the left anterior corona radiata, left posterior thalamic radiation, left cingulum, left superior longitudinal fasciculus, left sagittal stratum (including inferior longitudinal fasciculus and inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus), and left uncinate fasciculus. In patients with depression, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) was negatively correlated with the FA value in the left cingulum (r = −0.712, P = .032) and left superior longitudinal fasciculus (r = −0.699, P = .025).ConclusionsThis study suggested depression in PD was related to impaired white matter integrity especially the long contact fibers in the left hemisphere. These findings may be helpful for further understanding the potential mechanisms underlying depression in PD.
Forest and landscape restoration severely constrained by a lack of attention to the quantity and quality of tree seed: Insights from a global survey
Authors: Jalonen Riina , Valette Michel , Boshier David , Duminil Jérôme , Thomas Evert 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMeeting the multimillion hectare commitments for forest and landscape restoration (FLR) will require billions of tree seed and seedlings. However, the adequacy of seed supply in terms of quantity, genetic diversity and quality has received scant attention in FLR planning. We surveyed 139 FLR projects worldwide and identified widespread problems in the availability and diversity of tree seed, with potentially deleterious consequences for the vigor, productivity and long‐term persistence of restored tree populations. Large projects and those focused on climate change mitigation were particularly associated with multiple problems in seed sourcing. To avoid large‐scale failure in FLR, we recommend: (1) national assessments of seed supply and demand for FLR, (2) reviewing FLR targets and funding cycles, (3) fostering sharing of knowledge and experiences regarding seed supply and selection, (4) enhancing seed exchange across landscapes, and (5) introducing regulations for seed quality and strengthening capacities for compliance.
Indications and methodology for video‐electroencephalographic studies in the epilepsy monitoring unit
Authors: Shih Jerry J. , Fountain Nathan B. , Herman Susan T. , Bagic Anto , Lado Fred , Arnold Susan , Zupanc Mary L. , Riker Ellen , Labiner David M. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryAlthough the epilepsy and neurology communities have position papers on a number of topics pertaining to epilepsy diagnosis and management, no current paper exists for the rationale and appropriate indications for epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU) evaluation. General neurologists, hospital administrators, and insurers also have yet to fully understand the role this type of testing has in the diagnosis and management of individuals with paroxysmal neurologic symptoms. This review outlines the indications for long‐term video‐electroencephalography (VEEG) for typical elective admissions to a specialized inpatient setting. The common techniques used in EMUs to obtain diagnostic information are reviewed. The added benefit of safety measures and clinical testing above that available for routine or long‐term ambulatory electroencephalography is also discussed. The indications for admission to the EMU include differential diagnosis of paroxysmal spells, characterization of seizure types, presurgical epilepsy evaluations, seizure quantification, monitoring medication adjustment in a safe setting, and differentiation between seizures and side effects. We conclude that the appropriate use of this specialized testing can lead to an early and correct diagnosis in a variety of clinical circumstances. The EMU evaluation is considered the gold standard test for the definitive diagnosis of epilepsy and seizure‐like spells.
Staphyloccocus aureus‐associated infarctive purpura haemorrhagica, immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia and myocarditis in a Quarter Horse mare
Authors: Trimble A. C. , Delph K. M. , Beard L. A. , Davis E. G. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryA 7‐year‐old Quarter Horse mare was presented for severe left hindlimb oedema and nonweightbearing lameness that was progressive over approximately 48 h. The mare subsequently developed marked and worsening oedema, immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA), myositis and myocarditis. The marked oedema, degree of pain and severity of myositis were consistent with infarctive purpura haemorrhagica. Fine needle aspiration of affected tissue resulted in positive bacterial culture of Staphylococcus aureus. Purpura haemorrhagica and associated complications are typically associated with Streptococcal sp. infection or exposure, and have not been previously reported in association with Staphylococcus aureus in the horse. The mare responded favourably to long‐term, high‐dose corticosteroid therapy, antimicrobials and supportive care.
Transrectal ultrasonographic examination of the sacroiliac joints of the horse: Abnormal findings and lesions
Authors: Tallaj A. , Coudry V. , Denoix J.‐M. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryTransrectal ultrasonography is a useful technique for the assessment of sacroiliac osteoarthrosis because of the ventral localisation of lesions. Comparison between the right and left side is essential. Due to the deep localisation of the sacroiliac joints, other imaging modalities have limitations for diagnosing osteoarthrosis. A grading system from 1 to 4 is suggested in order to classify the severity of lesions based on the shape of the articular margins and architecture of the ventral sacroiliac ligament. Abnormal ultrasonographic findings should be correlated with clinical manifestations.
Surgical enucleation of unilateral mandibular radicular cysts in an 11‐year‐old Thoroughbred mare
Authors: Poore L. A. , Scase T. J. , Kidd J. A. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryAn 11‐year‐old Thoroughbred broodmare was diagnosed with extensive radicular cysts that affected the left horizontal mandibular ramus. A left mandibular swelling was present clinically, and mandibular lesions appearing cystic in nature were identified with successive radiographic and ultrasonographic examinations. Surgical enucleation of the cysts was performed under a standing sedation protocol and the excised cystic structures submitted for histopathological analysis. Histological examination of the cystic structures confirmed a diagnosis of multiple radicular cysts.
Mangroves in the global climate and environmental mix
Authors: Cummings Anthony R. , Shah Muna 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMangroves provide numerous ecosystem services to humanity and yet remain some of the most undervalued and poorly treated ecosystems in the world. Mangroves are distributed in the land‐sea interphase of tropical and subtropical coasts in 123 countries. Up until two decades ago, scholars have focused on the provisioning, supporting, and cultural services associated with mangroves, but recent efforts have pivoted towards mangroves role in regulating the global carbon cycle. Today, it is established that mangroves sequester 50 times more carbon than tropical forests, with strong indications that mangroves are the missing carbon sink. Despite their importance, mangroves remain under threat from human activities, and action is required to protect them. This paper provides an overview of the importance of mangroves to humanity, their role in carbon sequestration and nutrient cycling, and highlights the threats they continue to face across their range.
Effects of locations and growth stages on nutritive value and silage fermentation quality of Leymus chinensis in Eurasian steppe of northern China
Authors: Xue Yanlin , Bai Chunsheng , Sun Juanjuan , Sun Lin , Chang Shujuan , Sun Qizhong , Yu Zhu , Yin Guomei , Zhao Heping , Ding Haijun 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe objective of the study was to determine the correlation among location of sampling sites, characteristics of Leymus chinensis material and fermentation quality, to examine the effect of growth stage on nutrient composition and fermentation quality, and then to find the main factors for influencing fermentation quality and the optimum harvest stage for ensiling. L. chinensis was harvested from 27 sites in Eurasian steppe of northern China, chopped, ensiled in plastic film bags, and stored in dark for 60 days. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), fermentation characteristics and nutrient composition were analyzed. The results showed that crude protein (CP) of L. chinensis was >80 g kg–1, and average of neutral detergent fiber and buffering capacity (BC) were 661 g kg–1 and 227 mE kg–1 respectively. The LAB number of silage was <108, the pH >4.50, and the average of lactic acid (LA) and acetic acid (AA) were 5.14 and 9.72 g kg–1 respectively; and V‐Score >80. The water‐soluble carbohydrate (WSC) of L. chinensis correlated negatively with latitude (P < 0.001) and positively with elevation (P < 0.01) of sits based on dry matter (DM) and fresh weight (FW), and CP correlated negatively with latitude (P < 0.05) based on FW. The latitude and elevation of sites correlated significantly (P < 0.05) with LA, LA/AA and ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen (AN/TN) in L. chinensis silage, and the DM and hemicellulose of material had significant correlation with propionic acid (P < 0.05) and AN/TN (P < 0.05) of L. chinensis silage based on DM and FW. L. chinensis had lower CP (P < 0.05) and BC (P < 0.05), and higher cellulose (P < 0.05) with advancing growth stage; the silages harvested at boot stage were well fermented compared with heading and flowering stages. Those results indicated that L. chinensis is a good forage for ruminants, L. chinensis silage is well preserved, there are negative effect of latitude and positive effect of elevation on the WSC in L. chinensis, and the latitude and elevation of sites, and the DM and hemicellulose of material are main factors of affecting the fermentation quality of L. chinensis silage. The optimum harvest stage for ensiling L. chinensis is boot stage.