bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of the Linked Factors of Provenance, Tectonics and Climate on Potash Formation: An Example from the Potash Deposits of Lop Nur Depression in Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, Western China
Authors: Chenglin LIU , Pengcheng JIAO , Fenglin LÜ , Yongzhi WANG , Xiaohong SUN , Hua ZHANG , Licheng WANG , Fojun YAO 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPotash deposits commonly accumulate in highly restricted settings at the final stage of brine evaporation. This does not mean that potash deposits are formed simply as a result of the evaporation concentration of seawater or lake water, but rather as a coupling result of particular provenance, tectonics and climate activities. In this paper, we focus on the formative mechanism of the potash deposits of Lop Nur depression in Tarim Basin to interpret the detailed coupling mechanism among provenance, tectonics and climate. In terms of the provenance of Lop Nur Lake, the water of the Tarim River which displays “potassium‐rich” characteristics play an important role. In addition, the Pliocene and Lower‐Middle Pleistocene clastic beds surrounding Lop Nur Lake host a certain amount of soluble potassium and thus serves as “source beds” for potash formation. During the late Pliocene, the Lop Nur region has declined and evolved into a great lake from the previous piedmont and diluvial fan area. Since the mid Pleistocene, the great‐united Lop Nur Lake has been separated and has generated a chain system consisting of Taitema Lake, Big Ear Lake and Luobei Lake which has turned into the deepest sag in Lop Nur Lake. Dry climate in Lop Nur region has increased since the Pliocene, and became extreme at the late Pleistocene. The study implies that potash formation in Lop Nur Lake depends on the optimal combination of extreme components of provenance, tectonics and climate during a shorter‐term period. The optimal patterns of three factors are generally characterized by the long‐term accumulation and preliminary enrichment of potassium, the occurrence of the deepest sub‐depression and the appearance of an extremely arid climate in Lop Nur region. These factors have been interacting synergistically since the forming of the saline lake and in the later stages strong “vapor extraction” caused by extremely arid climate is needed to trigger large scale mineralization of potash deposits.
Phenyl 2‐pyridyl ketoxime induces cellular senescence‐like alterations via nitric oxide production in human diploid fibroblasts
Authors: Yang Kyeong Eun , Jang Hyun‐Jin , Hwang In‐Hu , Chung Young‐Ho , Choi Jong‐Soon , Lee Tae‐Hoon , Chung Yun‐Jo , Lee Min‐Seung , Lee Mi Young , Yeo Eui‐Ju , Jang Ik‐Soon 
Published: December 2015

SummaryPhenyl‐2‐pyridyl ketoxime (PPKO) was found to be one of the small molecules enriched in the extracellular matrix of near‐senescent human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs). Treatment of youngHDFs withPPKOreduced the viability of youngHDFs in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner and resulted in senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐gal) staining and G2/M cell cycle arrest. In addition, the levels of some senescence‐associated proteins, such as phosphorylatedERK1/2, caveolin‐1, p53, p16ink4a, and p21waf1, were elevated inPPKO‐treated cells. To monitor the effect ofPPKOon cell stress responses, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was examined by flow cytometry. AfterPPKOtreatment,ROSlevels transiently increased at 30 min but then returned to baseline at 60 min. The levels of some antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase, peroxiredoxinIIand glutathione peroxidase I, were transiently induced byPPKOtreatment.SOD IIlevels increased gradually, whereas theSODI andIIIlevels were biphasic during the experimental periods afterPPKOtreatment. Cellular senescence induced byPPKOwas suppressed by chemical antioxidants, such as N‐acetylcysteine, 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyloxy, and L‐buthionine‐(S,R)‐sulfoximine. Furthermore,PPKOincreased nitric oxide (NO) production via inducibleNOsynthase (iNOS) inHDFs. In the presence ofNOSinhibitors, such as L‐NG‐nitroarginine methyl ester and L‐NG‐monomethylarginine,PPKO‐induced transientNOproduction andSA‐β‐gal staining were abrogated. Taken together, these results suggest thatPPKOinduces cellular senescence in association with transientROSandNOproduction and the subsequent induction of senescence‐associated proteins.
Prazosin for Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Comorbid Alcohol Dependence: A Clinical Trial
Authors: Petrakis Ismene L. , Desai Nitigna , Gueorguieva Ralitza , Arias Albert , O'Brien Erin , Jane J. Serrita , Sevarino Kevin , Southwick Steven , Ralevski Elizabeth 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an important and timely clinical issue particularly for combat veterans. Few pharmacologic options are available to treat PTSD, particularly among military personnel, and they are not based on rational neurobiology. The evidence for noradrenergic dysregulation in PTSD is strong, and the alpha‐adrenergic agonist prazosin is one of the most promising medications to treat sleep disturbances associated with PTSD as well as PTSD symptoms among both veterans and civilians. Evidence also implicates noradrenergic dysregulation in the pathophysiology of alcohol dependence (AD); prazosin also may have efficacy in treating this disorder. The use of prazosin represents a rational and compelling approach for the treatment of PTSD and comorbid AD. Given the high rates of comorbid AD in trauma survivors with PTSD, and the enormous impact that these comorbid disorders have on psychosocial function and well‐being, finding effective treatments for this population is of high clinical importance.MethodsNinety‐six veterans with PTSD and comorbid AD were randomized to receive prazosin (16 mg) or placebo in an outpatient, randomized, double‐blind, clinical trial for 13 weeks. Main outcomes included symptoms of PTSD, sleep disturbances, and alcohol use.ResultsSymptoms of PTSD improved over time, but contrary to the hypothesis, there was no medication effect on PTSD symptoms, or on sleep. Alcohol consumption also decreased over time, but there were no significant differences in outcomes between medication groups.ConclusionsPrazosin was not effective in treating PTSD symptoms, improving sleep, or reducing alcohol consumption overall in this dually diagnosed group. This does not support the use of prazosin in an actively drinking population and suggests that the presence of a comorbid condition affects the efficacy of this medication. This study highlights the importance of conducting clinical trials in “real‐world” patients, as results may vary based on comorbid conditions.
Chronic Intracerebroventricular Infusion of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein‐1 Leads to a Persistent Increase in Sweetened Ethanol Consumption During Operant Self‐Administration But Does Not Influence Sucrose Consumption in Long‐Evans Rats
Authors: Valenta John P. , Gonzales Rueben A. 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundAmong the evidence implicating neuroimmune signaling in alcohol use disorders are increased levels of the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) in the brains of human alcoholics and animal models of alcohol abuse. However, it is not known whether neuroimmune signaling can directly increase ethanol (EtOH) consumption, and whether MCP‐1 is involved in that mechanism. We designed experiments to determine whether MCP‐1 signaling itself is sufficient to accelerate or increase EtOH consumption. Our hypothesis was that increasing MCP‐1 signaling by directly infusing it into the brain would increase operant EtOH self‐administration.MethodsWe implanted osmotic minipumps to chronically infuse either one of several doses of MCP‐1 or vehicle into the cerebral ventricles (intracerebroventricular) of Long‐Evans rats and then tested them in the operant self‐administration of a sweetened EtOH solution for 8 weeks.ResultsThere was a significant interaction between dose of MCP‐1 and sweetened EtOH consumed across the first 4 weeks (while pumps were flowing) and across the 8‐week experiment. Animals receiving the highest dose of MCP‐1 (2 μg/d) were the highest consumers of EtOH during weeks 3 through 8. MCP‐1 did not influence the acquisition of self‐administration (measured across the first 5 days), the motivation to consume EtOH (time to lever press or progressive ratio), withdrawal‐induced anxiety, or the consumption of sucrose alone.ConclusionsWe provide novel evidence that neuroimmune signaling can directly increase chronic operant EtOH self‐administration, and that this increase persists beyond the administration of the cytokine. These data suggest that EtOH‐induced increases in MCP‐1, or increases in MCP‐1 due to various other neuroimmune mechanisms, may further promote EtOH consumption. Continued research into this mechanism, particularly using models of alcohol dependence, will help determine whether targeting MCP‐1 signaling has therapeutic potential in the treatment of alcohol use disorders.
Promoting the uptake of preventative Aboriginal child health policy in Western Australia
Authors: Bradshaw Sue , Hellwig Leonie , Peate Diann , Wilson Anne 
Published: December 2015

AbstractProblemAustralian Aboriginal children are over‐represented on all negative health indicators compared with non‐Aboriginal children.Contributing factors to the disparity include the impact of historical events, racism and social determinants of health.Despite the benefits of child health checks, offered through the Medicare Benefit Schedule and community health services, uptake of these is low.DesignIn 2012, Western Australia Health implemented the Enhanced Aboriginal Child Health Schedule (EACHS) policy to address specific health needs of Aboriginal children. The Aboriginal Child Heath Project (the Project), was a five‐year initiative funded through the Council of Australian Governments. Project staff promoted the profile of preventative child health and the uptake of the EACHS policy across the state by agencies operating in the sector.SettingWestern Australia.Key measurements for improvementReach of the implementation workshop was measured by the number of staff attending policy implementation and the total number for agencies represented. One measure of impact was the number of agencies requesting the EACHS policy who adapted or adopted it to deliver evidence based comprehensive child health programs.Strategies for changeThe Project offered policy implementation workshops to health staff delivering services to young Aboriginal children. In addition to the evidence‐based policy, a suite of resources were made available to support service delivery.Effects of changeThe EACHS is a framework used by agencies to deliver consistent care and support governance when providing child health services to Aboriginal families across Western Australia.Lessons learntProviding a policy that was consistent with identified service strengths allowed agencies to individually build their capacity to deliver child health checks, using existing resources, at their own pace.
Continuity of midwifery care for rural women through caseload group practice: Delivering for almost 20 years
Authors: Haines Helen M. , Baker Janet , Marshall Diana 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical outcomes and sustainability factors of a long‐standing midwifery led caseload model of rural maternity care.DesignRetrospective clinical audit from 1998 to 2011 and autoethnographic narrative of the midwifery program told by the longest serving midwives under three key themes relating to sustainable practice.SettingRegional Health Service with annual birth rate of 500. Maternity care is provided by either public antenatal clinic/GP shared care or midwife‐led care.ParticipantsWomen attending a rural caseload midwifery group practice between the period 1998–2011 and midwives working in the same group practice during that period.Main outcome measuresAntenatal attendance, maternal mortality, infant morbidity and mortality, mode of birth, known midwife at birth, initiation of breastfeeding.ResultsThere were 1674 births between 1998 and 2011. Clinical outcomes for women and infants closely reflected national maternity indicator data. The group practice midwives attribute sustainability of the program to the enjoyment of flexibility in their working environment, to establishing trust amongst themselves, the women they care for, and with the obstetricians, GPs and health service executives. The rigorous application of midwifery principles including robust clinical governance have been hallmarks of success.ConclusionThis caseload midwifery group practice is a safe, satisfying and sustainable model of maternity care in a rural setting. Clinical outcomes are similar to standard care. Success can be attributed to strong leadership across all levels of policy, health service management and, most importantly, the rural midwives providing the service.
Previously inactive rural adults’ experiences of commencing and maintaining a walking routine following participation in a walking intervention
Authors: Seekamp Sarah , Dollman James , Gilbert‐Hunt Susan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to richly describe previously inactive Riverland adults’ experiences of commencing and maintaining a walking routine following participation in a walking intervention.DesignQualitative description using semi‐structured in‐depth interviews and thematic analysis.SettingRiverland, South Australia.ParticipantsNine adults (four men and five women) aged between 40 and 65 years.InterventionSix‐week walking intervention included issuing of pedometers, setting goals, completing logs and weekly emails to remind participants to wear their pedometers, recording of steps and provision of strategies for increasing daily steps.Main outcome measuresRich description of participants’ experiences represented by four themes and a number of subthemes, supported by direct quotes.ResultsFour themes: taking care of me through my walk, pedometers and accountability as motivators, fitting walking in and commencing and maintaining a walking routine.ConclusionsThe participants’ experience of commencing a walking routine differed from maintaining a walking routine. Future attempts to support maintenance of a walking routine may be strengthened through identifying and including ways to provide accountability for walking to others beyond the intervention as well as strategies that support the integration of walking into every activity. Furthermore, future walking interventions should enable participants to tailor their walks to their own preferences and mental health benefits of walking should be promoted at least as much as the physical benefits.
Histologic differences between primary high myopia and secondary high myopia due to congenital glaucoma
Authors: Jonas Jost B. , Holbach Leonard , Panda‐Jonas Songhomitra 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPurposeTo search for histomorphometric differences between eyes with primary high myopia (PHM) or secondary high axial myopia (SHM) caused by congenital glaucoma, and non‐highly myopic eyes (NHM).MethodsHistologic anterior–posterior sections were histomorphometrically examined.ResultsThe investigation included 58 human globes (mean age: 61.5 ± 18.5 years; axial length: 27.3 ± 4.0 mm; range: 21.0–39.0 mm). Bruch's membrane thickness was thinner in SHM than in PHM (posterior pole: p = 0.007; parapapillary region: p = 0.007); midpoint posterior pole/equator = 0.05) and thinner in SHM than in NHM (all p < 0.04), while PHM and NHM did not differ (all p > 0.50). Choroidal thickness did not differ (all p ≥ 0.40) at any measurement location between SHM and PHM, and was thinner (p < 0.05) in both myopic groups than in NHM. Posterior sclera was thinner (p < 0.001) in both myopic groups than in NHM, with no significant difference between both myopic groups. Pars plana scleral thickness was thinner (p = 0.02) in SHM than in PHM after adjusting for axial length. Scleral volume (p = 0.41) and choroidal volume (p = 0.74) did not differ between any of the groups.ConclusionsThinning of Bruch's membrane overall is typical for SHM while eyes with PHM have a normal Bruch's membrane thickness. It may point to Bruch's membrane as an active part in the process of emmetropization/myopization. SHM in contrast to PHM showed scleral thinning in the pars plana region suggesting that the process of emmetropization/myopization takes place posterior to the pars plana. Both SHM and PHM unspecifically showed an axial length associated with thinning of choroid and posterior sclera, while both myopic groups did not differ with NHM in choroidal and scleral volume.
Recommending peers for learning: Matching on dissimilarity in interpretations to provoke breakdown
Authors: Rajagopal Kamakshi , van Bruggen Jan M. , Sloep Peter B. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPeople recommenders are a widespread feature of social networking sites and educational social learning platforms alike. However, when these systems are used to extend learners' Personal Learning Networks, they often fall short of providing recommendations of learning value to their users. This paper proposes a design of a people recommender based on content‐based user profiles, and a matching method based on dissimilarity therein. It presents the results of an experiment conducted with curators of the content curation site Scoop.it!, where curators rated personalized recommendations for contacts. The study showed that matching dissimilarity of interpretations of shared interests is more successful in providing positive experiences of breakdown for the curator than is matching on similarity. The main conclusion of this paper is that people recommenders should aim to trigger constructive experiences of breakdown for their users, as the prospect and potential of such experiences encourage learners to connect to their recommended peers.
Treatment of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma with secondary central nervous system involvement: encouraging efficacy using CNS‐penetrating R‐IDARAM chemotherapy
Authors: Maciocia Paul , Badat Mohsin , Cheesman Simon , D'Sa Shirley , Joshi Rahul , Lambert Jonathan , Mohamedbhai Sajir , Pule Martin , Linch David , Ardeshna Kirit 
Published: December 2015

SummaryDiffuse large B‐cell lymphoma with secondary involvement of the central nervous system (SCNS‐DLBCL) is a rare condition carrying a poor prognosis. No optimal therapeutic regimen has been identified. We retrospectively analysed 23 patients with SCNS‐DLBCL treated with R‐IDARAM (rituximab 375 mg/m2 IV day 1; methotrexate 12·5 mg by intrathecal injection day 1; idarubicin 10 mg/m2/day IV days 1 and 2; dexamethasone 100 mg/day IV infusion over 12 h days 1–3; cytosine arabinoside 1000 mg/m2/day IV over 1 h days 1 and 2; and methotrexate 2000 mg/m2 IV over 2 h day 3. Ten out of 23 (44%) patients had CNS involvement at initial presentation (‘new disease’), 10/23 (44%) had relapsed disease and 3/23 (13%) had primary refractory disease. 14/23 (61%) of patients responded ‐ 6 (26%) complete response, 8 (35%) partial response. Grade 3–4 haematological toxicity was seen in all cycles, with no grade 3–4 or long‐term neurological toxicity. Median follow‐up for surviving patients was 49 months. At 2 years, estimated progression‐free survival (PFS) was 39% and overall survival (OS) was 52%. Encouraging outcomes were reported in patients with new disease, with 5‐year estimated PFS of 50% and OS 75%. R‐IDARAM is a well‐tolerated regimen with encouraging efficacy in patients with SCNS‐DLBCL, although patients with relapsed or refractory disease continue to fare poorly.
Chronic and recurrent benign lymphadenopathy without constitutional symptoms associated with human herpesvirus‐6B reactivation
Authors: Forghieri Fabio , Luppi Mario , Barozzi Patrizia , Riva Giovanni , Morselli Monica , Bigliardi Sara , Quadrelli Chiara , Vallerini Daniela , Maccaferri Monica , Coluccio Valeria , Paolini Ambra , Colaci Elisabetta , Bonacorsi Goretta , Maiorana Antonino , Tagliazucchi Sara , Rumpianesi Fabio , Mattioli Francesco , Presutti Livio , Gelmini Roberta , Cermelli Claudio , Rossi Giulio , Comoli Patrizia , Marasca Roberto , Narni Franco , Potenza Leonardo 
Published: December 2015

SummaryChronic/recurrent behaviour may be encountered in some distinct atypical or malignant lymphoproliferations, while recurrences are not generally observed in reactive/benign lymphadenopathies. We retrospectively analysed a consecutive series of 486 human immunodeficiency virus‐negative adults, who underwent lymphadenectomy. Neoplastic and benign/reactive histopathological pictures were documented in 299 (61·5%) and 187 (38·5%) cases, respectively. Of note, seven of the 111 (6·3%) patients with benign lymphadenopathy without well‐defined aetiology, showed chronic/recurrent behaviour, without constitutional symptoms. Enlarged lymph nodes were round in shape and hypoechoic, mimicking lymphoma. Reactive follicular hyperplasia and paracortical expansion were observed. Human herpesvirus (HHV)‐6B positive staining in follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) was documented in all seven patients. Serological, molecular and immunological examinations suggested HHV‐6B reactivation. Among the remaining 104 cases with reactive lymphoid hyperplasia in the absence of well‐known aetiology and without recurrences, positivity for HHV‐6B on FDCs was found in three cases, whereas in seven further patients, a scanty positivity was documented in rare, scattered cells in inter‐follicular regions. Immunohistochemistry for HHV‐6A and HHV‐6B was invariably negative on 134 lymph nodes, with either benign pictures with known aetiology or malignant lymphoproliferative disorders, tested as further controls. Future studies are warranted to investigate a potential association between HHV‐6B reactivation and chronic/recurrent benign lymphadenopathy.
Induction of endothelium‐dependent constriction of mesenteric arteries in endotoxemic hypotensive shock
Authors: Tseng Tzu‐Ling , Chen Mei‐Fang , Liu Chin‐Hung , Pang Cheng‐Yoong , Hsu Yung‐Hsiang , Lee Tony J F 
Published: December 2015

Background and PurposeEffective management of hypotension refractory to vasoconstrictors in severe sepsis is limited. A new strategy to ameliorate endotoxemic hypotension by inducing endothelium‐dependent constriction of large arteries was assessed.Experimental ApproachEndotoxemia in rats was induced by injection of LPS (10 mg·kg−1, i.v.). Haemodynamics were measured in vivo, reactivity of isolated mesenteric arteries by myography and expression of proteins and enzyme activities by immunohistochemistry, biochemistry and molecular biology.Key ResultSSix hours after LPS, the hypotension was promptly reversed following injection (i.v. or i.p.) of oroxylin‐A (OroA) . In isolated LPS‐treated but not normal mesenteric arteries, OroA (1–10 μM) induced endothelium‐dependent, sustained constriction, blocked by endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) receptor antagonists. OroA further enhanced LPS‐induced expression of endothelin‐converting enzyme, ET‐1 mRNA and proteins and ET‐1 release, OroA also enhanced phosphorylation of Rho‐associated protein kinase (ROCK) and reversed LPS‐induced suppression of RhoA activities in smooth muscle of arteries with endothelium. Activated‐ phosphorylation of smooth muscle ROCK was blocked by ET‐1‐receptor antagonists and ROCK inhibitors. Moreover, OroA post‐treatment suppressed, via inhibiting NF‐κB activation, inducible NOS expression and circulating NO.Conclusions and ImplicationsReversal of endotoxemic hypotensive by OroA was due to release of endothelial ET‐1, upregulated by LPS, from mesenteric arteries, inducing prompt and sustained vasoconstriction via activation of vascular smooth muscle RhoA / ROCK‐pathway. In late endotoxemia, OroA‐induced vasoconstriction was partly due to decreased circulating NO. Activation of endothelium‐dependent constriction in large resistance arteries and suppression of systemic inflammation offer new strategies for acute management of endotoxemic hypotensive shock.