bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Giant lateral shift in single mode cavity containing four-level sodium atomic medium
Authors: Ghaffar Abbas , Ahmad Rashid , Ullah Arif , Ul Haq Inzimam 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this work, a four-level sodium atomic medium coupled to a single mode cavity is used to investigate the Goos-Hänchen (GH) shift. Using collective phase of the control fields and intensity of Rabi oscillation, the positive as well as negative GH-shift in transmission and reflection beams are examined. In the transmission beam, a maximum GH-shift of ±6λ is observed. Furthermore, GH-shift in both reflection and transmission beams in a four-level sodium atomic medium is significantly enhanced by photon number density as well as by the cavity coupling strength. By varying the collective phase of the control fields and the probe field frequency, GH-shift in reflection exhibits a maximum value of ±2λ. Our findings may open up significant applications in micro-optics, sensers, photonic crystals and nano processor technology.
Engineering anisotropic tissue analogues: harnessing synergistic potential of extrusion-based bioprinting and extracellular matrix-based bioink
Authors: Bera Ashis Kumar , Rizvi Mohd Suhail , KN Vijayasankar , Pati Falguni 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the realm of tissue engineering, replicating the intricate alignment of cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) found in native tissue has long been a challenge. Most recent studies have relied on complex multi-step processes to approximate native tissue alignment. To address this challenge, we introduce a novel, single-step method for constructing highly aligned fibrous structures within multi-modular three-dimensional conglomerates. Our approach harnesses the synergistic potential of extrusion-based bioprinting and the fibrillogenesis kinetics of collagen-rich decellularized ECM. We have identified three key parameters governing ECM microfiber alignment during extrusion-based bioprinting: applied shear stress, stretching or extensional force, and post-print deformation. By carefully manipulating these parameters, we have successfully created highly aligned fibrous structures within multi-modular three-dimensional conglomerates. Our technique offers an efficient solution and has been validated by computational modeling. Comprehensive analyses confirm the efficacy across various scenarios, including encapsulated, top-seeded, and migratory cells. Notably, we have demonstrated the versatility and effectiveness of our approach by bioprinting highly aligned cardiac tissue patches, which show further maturation evidenced by the expression of Troponin-T and Myo-D differentiation factor needed for contractility and myotube formation, respectively. In summary, our streamlined approach offers a robust solution for creating anisotropic tissue analogues with precise ECM organization.
Examining Daily Self-Efficacy, Minority Stressors, and Alcohol and Other Drug Use Among Trauma-Exposed Sexual Minority Women and Transgender and Gender-Diverse People
Authors: Scheer Jillian R , Mereish Ethan H , Gilmore Amanda K , Cascalheira Cory J , Helminen Emily C , Dobani Fatima , Behari Kriti , Pirog Sophia , Jackson Skyler D , Sullivan Tami P , Batchelder Abigail W 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background and Purpose
This study aimed to develop and test a novel model integrating social-learning and self-medication frameworks by examining the association between self-efficacy to resist alcohol and other drug (AOD) use and daily AOD use and unhealthy drinking risk among trauma-exposed sexual minority women (SMW) and transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) people. We examined whether minority stressors moderated these associations.

Methods
Data were from 57 trauma-exposed SMW and TGD people who participated in a 14-day daily diary study. Multilevel binary logistic models and ordinal logistic models were employed to examine associations between self-efficacy to resist AOD use and daily AOD use and unhealthy drinking risk at within- and between-person levels. We assessed same- and cross-level interactions between daily self-efficacy to resist AOD use and minority stressors in predicting AOD use and unhealthy drinking risk within the same 24-hour period (i.e., standardized as 6 pm to 6 pm; hereafter referred to as “same-day”).

Results
Self-efficacy to resist AOD use was associated with lower AOD use and unhealthy drinking risk. Minority stressors were associated with daily AOD use. Among those who experienced higher (vs. lower) average sexual minority stressors over the 2-week daily diary period, higher-than-usual self-efficacy to resist AOD use was less protective in decreasing risk of same-day unhealthy drinking.

Conclusions
Interventions aiming to mitigate AOD use and unhealthy drinking risk by bolstering self-efficacy to resist AOD use should consider the impact of recent cumulative exposure to sexual minority stressors in this population. Further, policy efforts are needed to reduce perpetuation of stigma.
Prevalence of concerns about falling in people with knee or hip osteoarthritis and the association with pain, function, and psychological factors—a cross-sectional study of 7442 patients treated in primary care
Authors: Grønne Dorte T , Ryg Jesper , Rubin Katrine H , Delbaere Kim , Roos Ewa M , Skou Søren T 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Concerns about falling (CaF) are common in older people and can lead to avoidance of activities, social isolation and reduced physical function. However, there is limited knowledge about CaF in people with osteoarthritis (OA); yet, symptoms may increase CaF. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of CaF and associated factors in people with knee or hip OA.

Methods
This cross-sectional study used data from the Good Life with osteoArthritis in Denmark registry including patients with OA treated in primary care. CaF was assessed with the Short Falls Efficacy Scale International (Short FES-I, range 7–28, low to high). Associations between CaF and pain, function and psychological factors were evaluated using multivariable linear Tobit regression.

Results
In total, 7442 patients were included [mean age 67 years (SD: 9.6), 67% females]. Mean Short FES-I was 9.8 [95% confidence interval (CI): 9.7; 9.8]. Moderate CaF was observed in 48.1% (95% CI: 46.7; 48.9) of participants, whilst 11.3% (95% CI: 10.7; 12.1) had a high level of CaF. CaF was more prevalent in the oldest participants and in females. Pain intensity [β-value (95% CI): 0.52 (0.48; 0.55)], chair stand test [−0.21 (−0.22; −0.19)] and fear of movement [1.38 (1.19; 1.56)] were significantly associated with increased CaF across age groups and sex.

Conclusions
CaF is common in people with OA, especially in the oldest participants and in females. Higher pain, lower function and psychological distress are associated with CaF; yet, the causality of the associations remain to be determined. Integrating CaF assessments and interventions into OA management in primary care seems highly relevant.
GIANT CELL MYOCARDITIS: AUTOPSY CONFIRMATION OF A DIAGNOSTIC DILEMMA - A RARE CASE REPORT
Authors: Ur Rehman A , zhao B 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction/Objective
Giant cell myocarditis (GCM) is a rare and rapidly progressive form of myocarditis, commonly leading to fulminant heart failure (HF), refractory ventricular arrhythmias or conduction system abnormalities and carrying a high mortality rate without prompt treatment. Due to its rarity, there is limited data on its prevalence, although studies show an incidence of 0.007–0.053% among autopsied cases. This entity primarily affects the heart, exhibiting a rapid clinical course and a poor prognosis necessitating immunosuppressive therapy and, in most instances, heart transplantation to improve survival rates.

Methods/Case Report
We present a case of a 62-year-old male with a prior history of complete heart block status post permanent pacemaker placement, presenting with acute decompensated heart failure. Laboratory investigations revealed elevated cardiac troponin levels (&gt;35000) with echocardiography showing a reduced ejection fraction of 25% and an initial diagnosis of non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) was made. Endomyocardial biopsy revealed GCM. Despite aggressive management, including immunosuppressive therapy and mechanical circulatory support, his condition deteriorated rapidly, leading to multiorgan failure and eventual death. The diagnosis was confirmed on autopsy.
The diagnostic challenge of GCM lies in its clinical or pathologic overlap with other myocardial disorders such as cardiac sarcoidosis, viral myocarditis, and cardiac amyloidosis. Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) remains the gold standard for diagnosing this entity which is characterized by a widespread inflammatory cell infiltrate with multinucleated giant cells in association with myocyte damage. The etiology of GCM remains unclear, but it is believed to be immune-mediated, possibly triggered by an autoimmune response.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
NA

Conclusion
Pathologists should give importance to consider GCM in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with acute heart failure refractory to standard therapy. Early recognition and prompt initiation of immunosuppressive therapy are crucial for improving outcomes in patients with GCM. Awareness of this entity is crucial to make a timely diagnosis.
Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome in a Dichorionic Diamniotic Pregnancy with Unusual Ultrasound Findings
Authors: Cao T , Abdo M E , Lakis N , Gloyeske N , Dinh D 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction/Objective
Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is a complication of twin gestations which affects approximately 1-3 per 10,000 births and is most commonly observed in monochorionic diamniotic twins. The authors present a rare case of TTTS occurring in dichorionic diamniotic twins and literature review.

Methods/Case Report
The patient was initially found to have a twin pregnancy at 12 weeks of gestation with ultrasound findings suggestive of monochorionic diamniotic twins, but subsequent ultrasounds demonstrated a twin- peak sign, indicating a dichorionic diamniotic gestation. Her pregnancy was subsequently complicated by the discovery of TTTS at 26 weeks of gestation leading to her hospitalization for inpatient fetal surveillance and amnioreduction. She was discharged in stable condition. However, despite close follow-up, there was ultimately intrauterine demise of Twin B (donor twin) at 30 weeks and 6 days gestational age. There were no other complications during the course of pregnancy. Examination of the placenta at autopsy was consistent with a dichorionic diamniotic pregnancy with anastomoses within the fused placenta and evidence of prolonged oligohydramnios by presence of amnion nodosum, supporting the clinical and sonographic findings of TTTS.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
NA

Conclusion
In summary, this is a rare case of TTTS occurring in a dichorionic diamniotic twin gestation with clinical, sonographic, and pathologic findings. Only five cases have been reported thus far in the literature.
Case of Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor Type 2 (BMPR2) Mutation Complicated by Pulmonary Hypertension Encountered at Autopsy
Authors: Davenport M , Thompson C T , Beaver T 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction/Objective
Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 is a protein encoded by the BMPR2 gene which regulates cell division and apoptosis. BMPR2 mutations result in monoclonal plexiform lesions of proliferating endothelial cells in pulmonary arterioles, which leads to elevated pulmonary artery pressures, right ventricular failure, and death. Here, we present the case of a 12-year-old male with a known history of pulmonary hypertension secondary to BMPR2 mutation referred for medical autopsy after suffering cardiac arrest and passing away.

Methods/Case Report
This 12-year-old male was diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension in December 2022 after suffering a syncopal episode while running at recess. Genetic testing was obtained, and he was found to have a BMPR2 mutation. His father was tested and also harbored this mutation, but did not clinically have pulmonary hypertension. The decedent was initiated on ambrisentan, tadalafil, and spironolactone, but continued to present to the Emergency Department periodically for syncopal episodes. In April 2024, he presented to the Medical University of South Carolina in cardiac arrest which began while playing outside. A complete autopsy was performed, including gross and microscopic examination of tissues and postmortem vitreous electrolyte analysis. Gross examination revealed the decedent’s heart was enlarged to 350 grams (normal mean for age = 181 grams). Both cardiac ventricles were dilated and the right ventricle was markedly hypertrophic with a thickness of 1.2 cm. Microscopic sections are pending but will presumptively show significant cardiac myocyte hypertrophy and pulmonary arteriole thickening.
Cause of death is pending certification but is presumed to be sudden cardiac death resulting from BMPR2 mutation- related pulmonary hypertension.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
NA

Conclusion
This case highlights a common genetic presentation of pulmonary arterial hypertension, with approximately 80% of familial cases of pulmonary arterial hypertension harboring BMPR2 mutations. Further research should be done to investigate treatment options and management of this genetic presentation.
Pseudomyogenic Hemangioendothelioma: A Case Report of a Rare Tumor with Unusual Presentation
Authors: Amer Y , Kumar G , Ayub S , Cai D , Loeffler A , Hammad A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction/Objective
Pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma (PHE) is an extremely rare neoplasm recently categorized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an intermediate-grade vascular soft tissue tumor affecting young adults. While most documented cases exhibit local aggressiveness, we present a case with unusual presentation characterized by multiple pelvic and femoral lytic bone lesions associated with documented liver metastases.

Methods/Case Report
A mid-forties female presented with progressive left hip pain persisting for 2 weeks. Radiological assessments showed multiple lytic lesions in the left superior pubic ramus, right iliac wing, and left greater trochanter with associated pathologic fractures and soft tissue involvement. Additionally, multiple indeterminate hepatic and splenic hypodensities were noted.
Histologic examination of the bone and liver biopsies revealed a neoplasm composed of spindled and epithelioid cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm. The neoplastic cells are arranged haphazardly and in short fascicles within a fibromyxoid stroma or sinusoidal spaces (in the liver) associated with scattered acute and chronic inflammation. Frequent mitoses are noted; however, no necrosis was identified. Tumor cells were positive for CD31, ERG, FOSB with equivocal staining for pankeratin and CK8/18. The top differential consideration was epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE); however, sarcoma fusion next-generation sequencing panel exhibited features of a vascular neoplasm with WWTR1-FOSB, favoring PHE.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
NA

Conclusion
Pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma is a rare tumor that is prone for local recurrence and usually affect young adults (mean age: 30 years). Metastases are uncommon. To the best of our knowledge, we report a case of PHE with unusual presentation of early metastases to liver and possibly the spleen and highlights the complexity of PHE diagnosis.
Osteoblastoma Recurring as High-grade Osteosarcoma
Authors: AL-Kharouf I , Abdo M E , Hamza A , Meyer A R 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction/Objective
Osteoblastoma is a benign, bone-forming neoplasm that presents as a well-circumscribed lesion amenable to excision. The prognosis is good despite a 20% recurrence risk. Malignant transformation is very rare. Osteoblastoma-like osteosarcoma is a rare form of osteosarcoma that shares similar clinical, radiographic, and pathological characteristics

Methods/Case Report
A 24-year-old female presented with a large palpable mass in the posterior occiput. The lesion progressively enlarged over 2 years, finally becoming symptomatic. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated an extradural posterior fossa expansile skull mass measuring 6.0 x 5.7 x 4.7 cm that showed multiple fluid/fluid levels.
The mass was resected. Pathology demonstrated a well-circumscribed neoplasm that was cellular and composed of large polyhedral osteoblasts with eccentric oval nuclei and abundant amphophilic cytoplasm. Tumor cells were intimately associated with numerous small interconnecting, irregular bony trabeculae. Scattered mitotic figures of normal configuration were noted. The findings were compatible with an epithelioid osteoblastoma with prominent secondary aneurysmal bone cyst-like changes. The patient was lost to follow-up but presented 3 years later with severe migraines. Imaging demonstrated a large heterogeneous enhancing mass centered about the occipital cranioplasty with both intracranial and extracranial components. Reexcision was performed. Sections showed a well- circumscribed tumor, delineated by a rim of subperiosteal reactive bone, with an epithelioid morphology. However, it also demonstrated areas of necrosis, extensive sheet-like growth, conspicuous mitoses, and cytological atypia not seen in the previous specimen. Therefore, diagnosis of osteoblastoma-like osteosarcoma was rendered after expert consultation.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
NA

Conclusion
This case highlights the exceedingly rare evolving nature of osteoblastomas and their high-grade transformation potential.
Long-term outcomes of high-risk human papillomavirus in anal infection support HPV men vaccination
Authors: Rongioletti M , Vaccarella C , Mariani S , Bucossi S , D’Andrea B , Pietricola S , Squitti R 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction/Objective
The clinical laboratory in a local hospital has an important role in population surveillance. The clinical laboratory performs analyses on patients admitted to the hospital as inpatients or critical patients and it is also a reference point for people’s health check-ups and health surveillance. Infectious diseases normally have severe symptoms. To ensure benefits from therapeutic treatment, a timely diagnosis is necessary. The human papillomavirus (HPV) virus is among the most diagnosed sexually transmitted infections worldwide, and the male gender is not exempt from it. In fact, 1 out of 3 male individuals is infected with HPV and 1 out of 5 male individuals is infected with a high-risk strain (1).
In Italy, vaccination is underway for women only. Vaccine prevention extended to male individuals could lead to a halving of HPV cases.

Methods/Case Report
From 2018 to 2022, we performed 7362 HPV tests using DNA extraction technique (QiaSimphony) and real-time Multiplex PCR (SeeGene 28 strains).

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
3762 out of 7362 HPV tests performed were positive for one (2059 patients) or more (1969 patients) HPV strains. Women, who are more aware of prevention, are more represented in our sample of subjects. The tests performed on women are 6499 and half (3331) are positive for at least one strain of HPV. Regarding men, 863 tests were performed. About half (431 patients) were positive for at least one HPV strain.
Noteworthy, out of 175 anal HPV tests, 48% were positive and 1 patient had squamous cell carcinoma. Furthermore, in our male patients tested 2 - 12% had low or medium-risk injuries.
In total, out of 7529 tests carried out from 2018 to 2022, over than 50% were found to be high-risk viral strains (5231). Of these, however, approximately half (2781) are now preventable with the monovalent HPV vaccine (strains covered: 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, 58).

Conclusion
The Ospedale Isola Tiberina – Gemelli Isola is an Institution in the center of Rome, Italy. It is also a reference center for birthrates and women’s prevention. Therefore, our Institution is very efficient in raising awareness of the prevention of HPV-related cancer. Current data indicate that male cases are not negligible, being positive in almost 50% of anal tests, and associated with an increased risk of the related cancers. These data can have an important impact on the Italian population, both in terms of the spread of HPV and healthcare burden and in terms of high healthcare costs.
Standardizing Hypoglycemic Critical Values Across United States Hospitals
Authors: Hart S A , Pogue E , Wiencek J R , Nelson S D , Schell R F 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction/Objective
While previous diabetes studies have defined severe hypoglycemia as glucose &lt; 50 mg/dL, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) classified glucose &lt; 54 mg/dL as requiring immediate action in 2019. In response, some laboratories implemented 54 mg/dL as their hypoglycemia critical value. However, there is no standardization across the medical community.

Methods/Case Report
To investigate the variability of hypoglycemia critical values across hospitals in the United States, hypoglycemia critical value thresholds were collected from the top 50 hospitals from the Newsweek’s World’s Best Hospitals 2020 United States list via hospital websites or representatives from the clinical laboratory. To evaluate the potential burden to providers and laboratory staff of raising the hypoglycemia critical value at our institution, we retrospectively reviewed deidentified glucose laboratory data for inpatient and outpatient core laboratories and determined the volume of critical value alerts sent to ordering providers per month under different hypoglycemia critical value thresholds.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
Across the 45 hospitals included, median hypoglycemia critical value was 50 mg/dL (Range: 40-60 mg/dL). The hypoglycemia critical value was set at 40 mg/dL at 12 hospitals and 50 mg/dL at 21 hospitals. 22% of institutions set the hypoglycemia critical value at or above the ADA recommendation of 54 mg/dL. Increasing the hypoglycemia critical alert to 50 mg/dL at our institution would increase the average monthly alerts by 122 for inpatient and 41 for outpatient core laboratories, corresponding to 163 additional total core laboratory alerts per month. Increasing the critical alert to 55 mg/dL, would increase average monthly alerts by 243 for inpatient and 99 for outpatient core laboratories, corresponding to 342 total additional alerts per month.

Conclusion
Our analysis suggests standardizing 50 mg/dL as the hypoglycemia critical value across institutions to improve patient safety by reducing the risk of severe acute symptoms and long-term complications without adding excessive burden to laboratory staff and providers.