bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negative symptoms in first‐episode psychosis: Clinical correlates and 1‐year follow‐up outcomes in London Early Intervention Services
Authors: Rammou Aikaterini , Fisher Helen L. , Johnson Sonia , Major Barnaby , Rahaman Nikola , Chamberlain‐Kent Nick , Stone James M. 
Published: November 2017

AimNegative symptoms (NS) have been associated with poor outcome and remain difficult to treat in patients with psychosis. This study examined the association of NS with clinical features at first presentation to mental health services for psychosis and with outcomes at 1‐year follow‐up.MethodsClinical data were utilized from five London Early Intervention Services (EIS) included in the MiData audit database. The sample comprised 484 first‐episode psychosis patients with complete Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale data at baseline and 1‐year follow‐up. Multiple imputation (N = 50) was conducted to account for missing follow‐up data.ResultsBaseline NS were associated with male gender (B = −1.63, P < .05), younger age at onset (B = −.15, P <. 05), a higher level of impairment on the Global Assessment of Functioning (disability) Scale at baseline (B = −.19, P <. 010), an absence of reported substance misuse prior to baseline assessment (B = −3.05, P <. 001) and unemployment at baseline (B = −.93, P <. 01). At 1‐year follow‐up, NS at presentation were associated with worse Global Assessment of Functioning Scale for symptom (B = −.28, P < .01) and disability (B = −.27, P <. 05) and with hospital admission (OR = 1.06, P < .01).ConclusionsNegative symptoms at presentation to EIS were associated with worse functioning at entry and poorer outcomes 1 year later. Future research is required to better understand the aetiology and trajectories of NS in early psychosis and propose novel targeted interventions.
Promoting high standards of care for women living with HIV: position statement from the Women Against Viruses in Europe Working Group
Authors: Kowalska JD , Aebi‐Popp K , Loutfy M , Post FA , Perez‐Elias MJ , Johnson M , Mulcahy F ,   Women Against Viruses in Europe (WAVE) Working Group
Published: November 2017

ObjectivesGender‐related factors can influence management decisions, treatment outcomes and the overall long‐term wellbeing of people living with HIV (PLWH). The Women Against Viruses in Europe (WAVE) Working Group was established to promote the health and wellbeing of women living with HIV (WLWH). WAVE is part of the European AIDS Clinical Society (EACS) and organizes annual workshops to discuss different issues in the management of WLWH.MethodsIn 2016, 34 WAVE members including community representatives, HIV clinicians and researchers met to discuss standards of care for WLWH and to review current guidelines. Participants focused on three different themes: (1) access to and engagement and retention in care; (2) monitoring of women on antiretroviral therapy and management of comorbidities; and (3) review of EACS treatment guidelines.ResultsFive priority areas for optimizing the care of WLWH were identified: (1) psychosocial aspects of HIV diagnosis and care; (2) mental health and wellbeing; (3) pharmacokinetics, toxicity and tolerability of antiretroviral therapy; (4) coinfections and comorbidities; and (5) sexual and reproductive health. WAVE recommendations are provided for each of these areas, and gaps in knowledge and needs for changes in currently existing standards are discussed.ConclusionsThis position statement provides an overview of the key recommendations to optimize the care of WLWH that emerged during the 2016 WAVE workshop.
Improvement in lipids after switch to boosted atazanavir or darunavir in children/adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV on older protease inhibitors: results from the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study
Authors: Jao J , Yu W , Patel K , Miller TL , Karalius B , Geffner ME , DiMeglio LA , Mirza A , Chen JS , Silio M , McFarland EJ , Van Dyke RB , Jacobson D ,   the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study (PHACS) Adolescent Master Protocol (AMP) study
Published: November 2017

ObjectivesDyslipidaemia is common in perinatally HIV‐infected (PHIV) youth receiving protease inhibitors (PIs). Few studies have evaluated longitudinal lipid changes in PHIV youth after switch to newer PIs.MethodsWe compared longitudinal changes in fasting lipids [total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), and TC:HDL‐C ratio] in PHIV youth enrolled in the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study (PHACS) Adolescent Master Protocol (AMP) study who switched to atazanavir/ritonavir (ATV/r)‐ or darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r)‐based antiretroviral therapy (ART) from an older PI‐based ART and those remaining on an older PI. Generalized estimating equation models were fitted to assess the association of a switch to ATV/r‐ or DRV/r‐based ART with the rate of change in lipids, adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsFrom 2007 to 2014, 47 PHIV children/adolescents switched to ATV/r or DRV/r, while 120 remained on an older PI [primarily lopinavir/r (72%) and nelfinavir (24%)]. Baseline age ranged from 7 to 21 years. After adjustment for age, Tanner stage, race/ethnicity, and HIV RNA level, a switch to ATV/r or DRV/r was associated with a more rapid annual rate of decline in the ratio of TC:HDL‐C. (β = −0.12; P = 0.039) than remaining on an older PI. On average, TC declined by 4.57 mg/dL/year (P = 0.057) more in the switch group. A switch to ATV/r or DRV/r was not associated with the rate of HDL‐C, LDL‐C, or TG change.ConclusionsA switch to ATV/r or DRV/r may result in more rapid reduction in TC and the TC:HDL‐C ratio in PHIV youth, potentially impacting long‐term cardiovascular disease risk.
Synthesis of Zn0.5Ti0.5NbO4 microwave dielectric ceramics with Li2O‐B2O3‐SiO2 glass for LTCC application
Authors: Yang Hongyu , Li Enzhu , Yang Hongcheng , He Hongcai , Zhang Ren S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSingle phase of dense ixiolite structure Zn0.5Ti0.5NbO4 (ZTN) microwave dielectric ceramics were synthesized at low temperature (850°C‐900°C) via solid state reaction with small amount of Li2O‐B2O3‐SiO2 (LBS) glass. There is a liquid phase generated by LBS at about 760°C, which significantly enhances the shrinkage and decreases the activation energy. And with the assistance of liquid phase, single phase of ZTN with orthorhombic structure is detected, sintering temperature of ceramics drops from 1125°C to 850°C and still maintain high relative density (>97%) with great microwave dielectric properties (εr ~ 34.32, Q×f ~ 17740 GHz). Ceramics with 0.5 wt. % LBS cannot be sintered and densified, and the lack of densification determines a lower dielectric constant, large dielectric loss, and undetectability of temperature coefficient of resonant frequency. With the increase in LBS, a dense structure can be formed, but the deterioration of performance should be mainly attributed to the variation in LBS glass content.
A systematic surveillance programme for infectious salmon anaemia virus supports its absence in the Pacific Northwest of the United States
Authors: Gustafson L L , Creekmore L H , Snekvik K R , Ferguson J A , Warg J V , Blair M , Meyers T R , Stewart B , Warheit K I , Kerwin J , Goodwin A E , Rhodes L D , Whaley J E , Purcell M K , Bentz C , Shasa D , Bader J , Winton J R 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn response to reported findings of infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) in British Columbia (BC), Canada, in 2011, U.S. national, state and tribal fisheries managers and fish health specialists developed and implemented a collaborative ISAV surveillance plan for the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Accordingly, over a 3‐1/2‐year period, 4,962 salmonids were sampled and successfully tested by real‐time reverse‐transcription PCR. The sample set included multiple tissues from free‐ranging Pacific salmonids from coastal regions of Alaska and Washington and farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) from Washington, all representing fish exposed to marine environments. The survey design targeted physiologically compromised or moribund animals more vulnerable to infection as well as species considered susceptible to ISAV. Samples were handled with a documented chain of custody and testing protocols, and criteria for interpretation of test results were defined in advance. All 4,962 completed tests were negative for ISAV RNA. Results of this surveillance effort provide sound evidence to support the absence of ISAV in represented populations of free‐ranging and marine‐farmed salmonids on the northwest coast of the United States.
Sea trout adapt their migratory behaviour in response to high salmon lice concentrations
Authors: Halttunen E , Gjelland K‐Ø , Hamel S , Serra‐Llinares R‐M , Nilsen R , Arechavala‐Lopez P , Skarðhamar J , Johnsen I A , Asplin L , Karlsen Ø , Bjørn P‐A , Finstad B 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSea trout face growth–mortality trade‐offs when entering the sea to feed. Salmon lice epizootics resulting from aquaculture have shifted these trade‐offs, as salmon lice might both increase mortality and reduce growth of sea trout. We studied mortality and behavioural adaptations of wild sea trout in a large‐scale experiment with acoustic telemetry in an aquaculture intensive area that was fallowed (emptied of fish) synchronically biannually, creating large variations in salmon lice concentrations. We tagged 310 wild sea trout during 3 years, and gave half of the individuals a prophylaxis against further salmon lice infestation. There was no difference in survival among years or between treatments. In years of high infestation pressure, however, sea trout remained closer to the river outlet, used freshwater (FW) habitats for longer periods and returned earlier to the river than in the low infestation year. This indicates that sea trout adapt their migratory behaviour by actively choosing FW refuges from salmon lice to escape from immediate mortality risk. Nevertheless, simulations show that these adaptations can lead to lost growth opportunities. Reduced growth can increase long‐term mortality of sea trout due to prolonged exposure to size‐dependent predation risk, lead to lower fecundity and, ultimately, reduce the likelihood of sea migration.
The ‘ins’ and ‘outs’ of intussusception: Where best practice reduces the need for surgery
Authors: Beasley Spencer W 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntussusception may be difficult to diagnose because the classical triad of symptoms is evident at the time of presentation in only about 20% of cases. This may lead to delays in making the correct diagnosis. The most common presenting features are colicky abdominal pain, vomiting, pallor, lethargy and listlessness. In recent years, the algorithms of management of intussusception have changed significantly: a routine plain abdominal X‐ray has been replaced by ultrasonography, previously perceived contraindications to attempting an enema reduction no longer apply, gas has largely replaced barium for enema reduction, incomplete initial reduction is an indication for a delayed repeat enema if the child is stable clinically and partial reduction has been achieved, the indications for surgery have been tightened and laparoscopy affords an alternative surgical approach. This commentary expands on the rationale behind some of the recent advances in the management of children who present with suspected intussusception.
Pharmacokinetic profile of Ceftiofur Hydrochloride Injection in lactating Holstein dairy cows
Authors: Wang J. , Peng H. , Kong J. , Zhao T. , Zhang S. , Cao X. 
Published: November 2017

Ceftiofur (CEF), a broad‐spectrum third‐generation cephalosporin, exhibits a good activity against a broad range of gram‐negative and gram‐positive bacteria, including many that produce β‐lactamase. To design a rational dosage regimen for the drug in lactating Holstein dairy cows, the pharmacokinetic properties of ceftiofur hydrochloride injection were investigated in six cows after intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous administration of single dose of 2.2 mg/kg BW (body weight). Plasma concentration–time curves and relevant parameters were best described by noncompartmental analysis through WinNonlin 6.3 software. After subcutaneous administration, the absolute bioavailability was 61.12% and the T1/2λz (elimination half‐life) was 8.67 ± 0.72 hr. The Cmax (maximum plasma concentration) was 0.88 ± 0.21 μg/ml and Tmax (the time after initial injection to when Cmax occurs) was 1.50 ± 0.55 hr. The MRT (mean residence time) was 11.00 ± 0.30 hr. Following intramuscular administration, the Cmax (1.09 ± 0.21 μg/ml) was achieved at Tmax (1.20 ± 0.26 hr) with an absolute availability of 70.52%. In this study, the detailed pharmacokinetic profiles of free and total CEF showed that this drug is widely distributed and rapidly eliminated and may contribute to a better understanding of the usage of ceftiofur hydrochloride injection in Holstein dairy cows.
New insights into plants co‐existence in species‐rich communities: The pollination interaction perspective
Authors: Fantinato Edy , Del Vecchio Silvia , Giovanetti Manuela , Acosta Alicia Teresa Rosario , Buffa Gabriella 
Published: November 2017

AbstractQuestionsIn animal‐mediated pollination, pollinators can be regarded as a limiting resource for which entomophilous plant species might interact to assure pollination, an event pivotal for their reproduction and population maintenance. At community level, spatially aggregated co‐flowering species can thus be expected to exhibit suitable suites of traits to avoid competition and ensure pollination. We explored the problem by answering the following questions: (1) are co‐flowering species specialized on different guilds of pollinators; (2) do co‐flowering pollinator‐sharing species segregate spatially; and (3) do co‐flowering pollinator‐sharing species that diverge in anther position spatially aggregate more than those that converge in anther position?Study SiteEuganean Hills,NEItaly.MethodsPlant composition, flowering phenology and interactions between each entomophilous plant species and pollinating insects were monitored every 15 days in 40 permanent plots placed in an area of 16 ha. We quantified the degree of flowering synchrony, pollinator‐sharing and spatial aggregation between each pair of entomophilous species. We then tested the relationship between the degree of co‐flowering, pollinator‐sharing and spatial aggregation, and between spatial aggregation and anther position.ResultsEntomophilous species converged, at least partially in flowering time, and the phenological synchronization of flowering was significantly associated with the sharing of pollinator guilds. Co‐flowering pollinator‐sharing species segregated spatially. Furthermore, co‐flowering pollinator‐sharing species that diverged in anther position aggregated more than those that converged in anther position.ConclusionsReproductive traits that facilitate the co‐existence of co‐flowering species include specialization on different pollinator guilds and a phenological displacement of the flowering time. Furthermore, in circumstances of increased competition due to phenological synchronization, pollinator‐sharing and spatial aggregation, the chance of effective pollination might depend on differences in anther position, resulting in a divergent pollen placement on pollinator bodies. One of the most interesting results we obtained is that the presence of one mechanism does not preclude the operation of others, and each plant species can simultaneously exhibit different strategies. Although more studies are needed, our results can provide additional information about plant–plant interactions and provide new insights into mechanisms allowing the co‐existence of a high number of plant species in local communities.
Tail regeneration in the Paleozoic tetrapod Microbrachis pelikani and comparison with extant salamanders and squamates
Authors: van der Vos W. , Witzmann F. , Fröbisch N. B. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAmong extant tetrapods, salamanders are the only group capable of full limb and tail regeneration, the latter including the re‐establishment of a fully functional tail with the axial skeleton and associated musculature. Tail regeneration is associated with autotomy (self‐amputation) in some salamander taxa but is also possible in salamander taxa that lack tail autotomy. Modern squamates also frequently show tail autotomy as a defense or decoy mechanisms against predation, but contrary with salamanders, the tail skeleton is replaced by a cartilaginous rod in the regenerate and the associated musculature is rather unusual. Here, we describe details of the tail regeneration in a fossil early tetrapod, the microsaurian lepospondyl Microbrachis pelikani in comparison to two salamander species, Desmognathus monticola and D. ocoee. Two specimens of Microbrachis represent an early and a later stage of tail regeneration and clearly show that this microsaur was capable of salamander‐like tail regeneration. The differentiation of the axial skeleton proceeds in a similar way to modern salamanders from proximal to distal and in a reversed order relative to development, i.e. with an early establishment of the vertebral centra, followed by the neural arches. Moreover, the morphological analysis suggests that Microbrachis autotomized its tails along an intravertebral autotomization plane, which is similar to modern squamates but differs from intervertebral tail autotomy seen in salamanders. The findings highlight that patterns of tail autotomy evolved independently from the overall capacity to regenerate the tail and the capacity to re‐establish the axial skeleton. The phylogenetic distribution of salamander‐like tail regeneration suggests that this may represent an ancient feature of sarcopterygians, which is in line with recent data on the evolution of full limb regeneration in tetrapods.
Petrogenesis of basaltic shergottite Northwest Africa 8657: Implications for fO2 correlations and element redistribution during shock melting in shergottites
Authors: Howarth Geoffrey H. , Udry Arya , Day James M. D. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractNorthwest Africa (NWA) 8657 is an incompatible trace element‐enriched, low‐Al basaltic shergottite, similar in texture and chemistry to Shergotty, Zagami, and NWA 5298. It is composed of zoned pyroxene, maskelynite, merrillite, and Ti‐oxide minerals with minor apatite, silica, and pyrrhotite. Pyroxene grains are characterized by patchy zoning, with pigeonite or augite cores zoned to Fe‐rich pigeonite mantles. The cores have rounded morphologies and irregular margins. Combined with the low Ti/Al of the cores, the morphology and chemistry of the pyroxene grains are consistent with initial crystallization at depth (30–70 km) followed by partial resorption en route to the surface. Enriched rare earth element (REE) equilibrium melt compositions and calculated oxygen fugacities (fO2) conditions for pigeonite cores indicate that the original parent melts were enriched shergottite magmas that staged in chambers at depth within the Martian crust. NWA 8657 does not represent a liquid but rather entrained a proportion of pyroxene crystals from magma chambers where fractional crystallization was occurring at depth. Variation between fO2 and bulk‐rock (La/Yb)N of the enriched and intermediate shergottites suggests that oxidation conditions and degree of incompatible element enrichment in the source may not be correlated, as thought previously. Shock melt pockets are characterized by an absence of phosphates and oxide minerals. It is likely that these phases were melted during shock. REEs were redistributed during this process into maskelynite and to a lesser extent the shock melt; however, the overall normalized REE profile of the shock melt is like that of the bulk‐rock, but at lower absolute concentrations. Overall, shock melting has had a significant effect on the mineralogy of NWA 8657, especially the distribution of phosphates, which may be significant for geochronological applications of this meteorite and other Martian meteorites with extensive shock melt.
Histamine‐enhanced contractile responses of gastric smooth muscle via interstitial cells of Cajal in the Syrian hamster
Authors: Naganuma S. , Shiina T. , Yasuda S. , Suzuki Y. , Shimizu Y. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundGastric motility is controlled by the autonomic and enteric nervous systems and by interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs). Although histamine is known to be released from enterochromaffin‐like cells in the gastric mucosa, its regulatory roles in gastric motility are still controversial. Therefore, we investigated the functional roles of histamine in gastric motility.MethodsStomach preparations from hamsters were used because the stomach of hamsters can be easily separated into the forestomach and the glandular stomach. A whole preparation of the stomach was mounted in a Magnus tube, and mechanical responses were recorded using a force transducer.Key ResultsExogenous application of histamine had little effect on contractile activity of the glandular stomach. In contrast, the monoamine evoked regular, periodic contractions in the forestomach. An H1 receptor agonist reproduced the contractile responses and an H1 receptor antagonist blocked histamine‐evoked contractions. Atropine and tetrodotoxin did not affect the histamine‐evoked contractions. Pretreatment with drugs that inhibit the activity of ICCs abolished the effects of histamine.Conclusion & InferencesThe findings suggest that histamine regulates gastric motility by acting on ICCs via H1 receptors in the hamster. The remarkable ability of histamine to induce rhythmic contractions would be useful for treatment of gastric dysmotility.
Demographic characteristics of teenage boys with horizontal striae distensae of the lower back
Authors: Boozalis Emily , Grossberg Anna L. , Puttgen Katherine B. , Heath Candrice R. , Cohen Bernard A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundThis study examines the clinical characteristics and demographics of teenage boys with horizontal striae distensae of the lower back in an outpatient setting.MethodsRetrospective medical chart reviews and telephone survey studies were completed on an outpatient cohort of 12 boys 11 to 17 years of age with a clinical diagnosis of transverse striae distensae of the lower back at a single‐center, university‐based, pediatric dermatology practice. We evaluated the clinical features of the striae, participant demographic characteristics, and past medical history. A review of the literature concerning risk factors was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar.ResultsOf the 14 patients we contacted, 12 agreed to participate. The average age of onset for the striae was 14.3 years. All boys were above the 50th percentile in height at the time of onset. Eight (66.7%) reported a significant growth spurt before the appearance of the stretch marks. Most were asymptomatic. None of the boys had a history of unmonitored exogenous steroid use or prior infection with Bartonella henselae or Borrelia burgdorferi. Only one (8.3%) had a chronic medical condition. Eleven (91.7%) had at least one first‐degree relative with striae distensae.ConclusionOur results indicate that horizontal striae distensae of the lower back in adolescent boys is associated with a rapid growth spurt, tall stature, and family history of striae distensae. There is no association between this type of striae distensae and any chronic medical condition, bacterial infection, or exogenous steroid use. Thus a careful review of systems and counseling without further medical testing is reasonable management.