bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization and Characterization Ezogabine-Loaded Nanosuspension for Enhancement of Bioavailability by “Bottom-Up” Technology Using 32 Factorial Design
Authors: Sundaramoorthy Revathi , Dhanaraju MD 
Published: September 2024

Ezogabine, an antiepileptic drug used for treating partial epilepsies. It is poorly soluble in water. The dose ranges from 50 mg to 400 mg and the oral bioavailability is 60%. The aim of this research work was to formulate and characterize nanosuspensions of ezogabine with an intention to enhance the oral bioavailability using 32 factorial design. Nanosuspensions were prepared by the “bottom-up” nanoprecipitation method using 32 factorial design and evaluation for particle size, saturation solubility, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and in-vitro drug release was done. The FTIR was used to confirm compatibility and to rule out any possible interactions between drug and carriers. The optimal nanosuspension was obtained with particle size of 510.4 nm, saturation solubility of 557 μg/ml, zeta potential of - 4.49 mV, entrapment efficiency of 96.82%, and in-vitro drug release of 100.14%. Also, the optimal formulation was found to be stable in the accelerated conditions. Data of nanosuspensions were fit in to different equations and kinetic models and found to exhibit first order release kinetics with class II transport mechanism of diffusion. The scanning electron microscopy studies showed elongated nanoparticles with porous surface. The “Bottom up” method can be successfully employed to produce ezogabine nanosuspensions achieving reduced particle size and enhancing dissolution rate by increasing the saturation solubility and remained stable at 25 °C.
Keywords: Nanosuspension, saturation solubility, bottom up.
Development and Validation of UV-Visible Spectrophotometric method for simultaneous estimation of Etoposide and Picroside-II in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation
Authors: Bhusari Sachin Shivling , Borse Gayatri , Wakte Pravin 
Published: September 2024

Aim: To develop and validate a simple, precise, accurate, and sensitive UV-visible spectrophotometric method for the simultaneous estimation of Etoposide (ETO) and Picroside-II (PK-II) in a bulk and pharmaceutical formulation according to the ICH guidelines.
Methods: The absorption spectra of ETO and PK-II were carried out over the range of 200-800 nm, and absorption maxima were determined. Multiple calibration standards were prepared of both the drugs separately, and absorbance were recorded at respective λmax. Calibration curve were plotted and the linear responses were studied. Various analytical method validation parameters viz. accuracy, precision, LOD, LOQ, robustness and ruggedness were calculated using QC standards.
Results: The absorption maxima of ETO and PK-II were found to be 208 nm and 265 nm respectively. Linearity range for ETO and PK-II were found to be 1-7 μg/ml and 1-35 μg/ml with correlation coefficient 0.999 and 0.999. The intra-day and inter-day study shows percent relative standard deviation in between 0.11 to 1.08 and 0.12 to 1.38. LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.1321 μg/ml and 0.4003 μg/ml for ETO whereas 0.1616μg/ml and 0.4897μg/ml for PK-II. The total percent recovery of ETO and PK-II were found to be 99.09 and 99.68 respectively.
Conclusion: The simple, precise, accurate, and sensitive UV-visible spectrophotometric method for the simultaneous estimation of Etoposide (ETO) and Picroside-II (PK-II) in a bulk and pharmaceutical formulation was developed and validated.
Keywords: UV-visible spectrophotometry, simultaneous estimation, Etoposide and Picroside-II.
THE The effect of plant defence elicitor on Costus igneus for the enhanced phytochemical productivity
Authors: Saxena Rajiv , Chaudhary Kartik , Agrawal Krishna , Alex Thomson Santosh , Gupta Premchand , Vishwakarma Khushali , Joshi Harsh , Malviya Neelesh 
Published: September 2024

Medicinal Plants have proven potential of treating and preventing various disorders and illness from the ancient time. Many Phytopharmaceuticals companies are emerging as a result of its popularity in both the developed as well as developing countries. Newer approaches are developed to protect the plant source and to enhance its productivity in terms of phytochemicals so that the demand and supply can be balanced. Costus igneus, a newer plant to India is gaining its popularity for its use as ornamental plant in southern part of the country to Diabetes treatment herbal remedy. Flavonoid diglycosides and sapogenins are mostly responsible for its anti-diabetic activity. Due to over exploitation of plant some alternative methods has to be developed in order to protect the plant from its natural habitat. Elicitors are the compounds that stimulating plant defence pathways and the secondary metabolites are released due to defence responses which are triggered and activated by elicitors. The present study was focused on the application of Salicylic acid (SA) as an elicitor in different concentration (0.50 mg/l, 0.100 mg/l, 0.150 mg/l), which was sprayed on the plants of Costus igneus grown using complete block design in controlled growth conditions provided in polyhouse and the quantitative estimation for phytochemicals was done. The results suggest that SA enhances the quantity of desired phyto pharmaceuticals, which also plays as essential role in plant defensive pathways.
Keywords: Medicinal plants, phyto-pharmaceuticals, Costus igneus, Elicitors, Salicylic acid (SA), plant defence mechanism.
HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DENGAN SIKAP KESEDIAAN MELAKUKAN VAKSINASI HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS PADA SISWI SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS NEGERI 3 KOTA BIMA
Authors: Ahmad Nurmi , Budiana I Nyoman Gede , Surya I Gede Ngurah Harry Wijaya , Pangkahila Evert Solomon 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRAK
Pendahuluan: Kanker serviks merupakan jenis tumor ganas yang bisa mengenai lapisan permukaan serviks. HPV memiliki pengaruh besar terhadap kejadian kanker serviks, vaksinasi HPV merupakan pilihan ideal untuk program pencegahan kanker serviks, namun untuk melakukan vaksinasi HPV tentunya dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan dan sikap. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan tentang kanker serviks dengan sikap kesediaan melakukan vaksinasi human papillomavirus pada siswi Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri 3 Kota Bima. Metode : Penelitian deskriptif analitik ini menggunakan data primer yang di analisis dengan desain cross-sectional terhadap populasi siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri 3 Kota Bima sebanyak 193 sampel dengan melakukan pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil : Siswi yang memiliki tingkat pengetahuan baik 63,7%, siswi yang memiliki tingkat pengetahuan kurang 36,3%. Siswi yang memberikan sikap mendukung melakukan vaksinasi HPV 66,3%, siswi yang memberikan sikap tidak mendukung melakukan vaksinasi HPV 33,7%. Hubungan pengetahuan dengan sikap kesediaan melakukan vaksinasi HPV dari hasil analisis chi square memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan sikap kesediaan melakukan vaksinasi human papillomavirus (HPV) dengan p = 0,037 (p-value <0,05). Simpulan: Dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan dengan sikap kesediaan melakukan vaksinasi human papillomavirus. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai faktor lain yang mempengaruhi sikap mendukung terhadap kesediaan melakukan vaksinasi human papillomavirus.

Kata kunci : kanker serviks, vaksin HPV, pengetahuan, sikap.
Carbon Offset Through Tree Planting: a Sustainable Initiative in Companies
Authors: Ribaski Nayara Guetten , Santos Andrew dos , Souza Jayne de , Santos Natalia Silva , Grebogi Juliana , Farias Jaqueline , Guerra Sophia Silva , Cunha Ramon Alves de Souza , Costa Gabriele de Oliveira , Souza Mayara , Ossowski Kátia , Simoni Lorena Fernandes , Neto Clinge Staff , Catapan Anderson 
Published: September 2024

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the practice of environmental compensation as a strategy to mitigate companies' environmental impacts, with the aim of evaluating its effectiveness in reducing CO₂ emissions and its impact on corporate image, attracting consumers and investors interested in sustainability.

Theoretical Framework: This section presents the main concepts and theories that underpin the research, such as the concept of corporate sustainability, ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance), and environmental compensation practices. Theories on corporate socio-environmental responsibility and strategies for mitigating environmental impacts are highlighted, providing a solid foundation for understanding the research context.

Method: The methodology adopted for this research consists of a case study focused on a company that calculates CO₂ emissions from its operations and compensates for those emissions through tree planting in a permanent persevation area (PPA) in São José dos Pinhais, Dinheiro. Data collection was carried out through document analysis, environmental reports, and interviews with managers responsible for sustainable practices.

Results and Discussion: The results revealed that environmental compensation through tree planting in permanent preservation areas not only contributes to the recovery of degraded areas but also improves the company’s image in the market. In the discussion section, these results are contextualized within the theoretical framework, highlighting the implications for adherence to ESG criteria and the positive perception of consumers and investors. Study limitations, such as the reliance on self-reported company data, are also considered.

Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insights into how companies can adopt environmental compensation as a tool to promote sustainability. These implications may impact the corporate sector, especially companies seeking to align their operations with ESG principles and reduce their environmental impact.

Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by highlighting environmental compensation as an effective approach for companies seeking to reduce their CO₂ emissions, as well as contributing to environmental restoration. The relevance and value of this research are demonstrated by showing how this practice can strengthen corporate image in a market increasingly aware of sustainability and social responsibility issues.
Level of Functionality of Patients With Congestive Heart Failure Evaluated by The Barthel Index
Authors: Sousa Cirlane de Maria da Silva , Santos-de-Araújo Aldair Darlan , Pereira Fábio Henrique Ferreira , Santos Patrícia Martins , Frutuoso Victória Pereira , Dibai Daniela Bassi 
Published: September 2024

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the functionality in activities of daily living (ADL’s) of patients with CHF.

Method: This is a quantitative study, with a cross-sectional design. Anthropometric and sociodemographic data were collected. Next, the individuals were classified according to the severity of the functional limitation using the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functionality scale and finally answered the Barthel questionnaire.

Results and Discussion: 49 people were evaluated, the majority of whom were male (63%). The majority of volunteers have class II and III CHF. It is concluded that the volunteers have a good quality of life, with an average of 37.22 ± 20.59. Regarding the level of functional independence, both sexes present good functionality. Most individuals present symptoms with small efforts, however, this does not prevent them from carrying out self-care or performing them as ADL’s, presenting a moderate quality of life and good functionality.

Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insights into how the results can be applied or influence practices in the field of cardiovascular disease. Findings that can be used not only in the clinic, but are of interest to the entire research community, provide assistance to people with heart failure and also serve to create public policies, aiming to provide better assistance and a better quality of life for them.

Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by extracting new information about the functional status and quality of life of patients with chronic heart failure and the usability of the Barthel Index, which is a simple instrument that assesses the individual’s level of functionality. This study could be used to expand and improve the care provided to these patients and to validate the Barthel Index for the population in question in the future.
Individuals With Chronic Migraine Present Changes in The Electromyographic Signal Oh The Head and Neck Flexors
Authors: Costa Camila Vitória de Moraes , Santos Ana Flavia Santos da , Bassi-Dibai Daniela , Rêgo Adriana Sousa , Ribeiro Daylon Brendon Cardoso , Gonçalves Maria Claudia 
Published: September 2024

Objectives: To evaluate the electromyographic signal of the head flexors in young adults with chronic migraine.

Theoretical framework: Migraine has been associated with several cervical dysfunctions such as reduced ROM, hypersensitivity to joint and muscle palpation, presence of myofascial trigger points, changes in posture, especially in the craniocervical region.

Method: Cross-sectional study, individuals aged 19 and 40 years old with chronic migraine participated in this study and those with a history of cervical trauma, hernia or disc degeneration and systemic degenerative diseases in the last three months were excluded. The questionnaire was used to assess cervical disability Neck Disability Index, the electromyographic signal of the cervical flexors bilaterally was used through the TrignoTM EMG SYSTEM from Brazil.

Results and Discussion: n=30 people aged 26 (±3) years participated in the study, n=22 (73.33%) had neck pain with medium intensity 4(±3), the majority had moderate disability n=12 (40%), with a change in the average resting RMS of the scalene muscle 15±10.40 p=0.003 and in the ECOM muscle activity 278.72±96.93 p= 0.002, the ECOM muscle was the most active muscle during the test of activity p=0.001

Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insights into how chronic migraine, even in young individuals, can present with musculoskeletal comorbidities, which could have implications for the multidisciplinary treatment of headaches.

Originality/Value: This study contributes to the state of the art of this subject, its relevance and value are evidenced by the methodological rigor that demonstrated the reduction of cervical flexor muscles, showing the non-pharmacological need in the treatment of migraine.
Comparative Analysis of the Promotional Discourse in the Beauty Industry by Domestic and Foreign Bloggers
Authors: Kirillova E. A. 
Published: September 2024

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that Internet discourse plays an important guiding role in the functioning of modern society as a cognitive system, since the audience of bloggers can reach millions of people. The blogosphere has been actively developing for more than 30 years; in the modern world, a blogger is a profession. The main function of a blog is commercial, the essence of which is to increase the income of bloggers through the sale of products in the Internet environment. Promotional discourse includes various suggestive mechanisms of influence that make it possible to sell products more effectively. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of promoting discourse fragments by domestic and foreign bloggers in the beauty industry. The empirical material of the study is 120 posts from bloggers on social networks. The object is the Internet environment, the subject is the specificity of the Internet discourse by domestic and foreign bloggers in the beauty industry. Research methods are: content analysis, cognitive interpretation method, comparative analysis. From the results obtained, it becomes clear that to create promoting discourse, bloggers use: a one-sided question-and-answer form of presentation, catchy headlines, literary tropes, graphic manipulation, anglicisms, numerals, appeals to authorities, references to scientific statistical data and other mechanisms of influence. It has been confirmed that Internet discourse is characterized by creolization and hypertextuality. The results of the study also suggest that the blogger promoting discourse in the beauty sphere in different countries has its own characteristics depending on the specifics of the country’s native language, mentality, beauty canons, national values, advertising market, international relations, and the attitude to scientific achievements. The identified environmental factors make it possible to maintain communication between the sender (blogger) and the addressee (Internet audience), and to create favorable conditions for promoting products in the Internet environment.
Cohesion in Film Discourse
Authors: Prasolova O. D. 
Published: September 2024

The aim of this article is to review the existing approaches towards the research of cohesion in film discourse, namely, in its constituent elements such as film text, title, tagline, synopsis, poster and trailer. The importance of cinema for modern culture makes the study of the textual features of the film and its paratexts, including such textual categories as cohesion, especially relevant. The review focuses on the history of research concerning cohesion in verbal texts, cohesive devices in multimodal texts as well as film discourse and its constituent parts. The overview of the existing body of works demonstrates that scholars regard cohesion as a category of text that ensures its formal unity and contributes to successful communication. The ways of expressing cohesion include a broad variety of lexical-grammatical units, complemented by graphic devices and editing techniques in multimodal and audiovisual texts. The analysis of the present body of works on cohesion in film discourse suggests that further advancement in this field requires a more precise methodological framework as well as inclusion of film title, tagline, synopsis and poster into the scope of research.
Glial fibrillary acidic protein immunopositive neuroglial tissues with or without ependyma-lined canal in spinal lipoma of filar type: Relationship with retained medullary cord
Authors: Murakami Nobuya , Morioka Takato , Kurogi Ai , Suzuki Satoshi O. , Shimogawa Takafumi , Mukae Nobutaka , Yoshimoto Koji 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Retained medullary cord (RMC) and filar lipomas are believed to originate from secondary neurulation failure; filar lipomas are reported to histopathologically contain a central canal-like ependyma-lined lumen with surrounding neuroglial tissue with ependyma-lined central canal (NGT w/E-LC) as a remnant of the medullary cord, which is a characteristic histopathology of RMC. With the addition of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunostaining, we reported the presence of GFAP-positive NGT without E-LCs (NGT w/o E-LCs) in RMC and filar lipomas, and we believe that both have the same embryopathological significance.

Methods:
We examined the frequency of GFAP-positive NGT, with or without E-LC, in 91 patients with filar lipoma.

Results:
Eight patients (8.8%) had NGT w/E-LC, 25 patients (27.5%) had NGT w/o E-LC, and 18 patients (19.8%) had tiny NGT w/o E-LC that could only be identified by GFAP immunostaining. Combining these subgroups, 56% of the patients (n = 51) with filar lipoma had GFAP immunopositive NGT.

Conclusion:
The fact that more than half of filar lipomas have NGT provides further evidence that filar lipoma and RMC can be considered consequences of a continuum of regression failure that occurs during late secondary neurulation.
Functionally dependent status is an independent predictor for worse perioperative outcomes following craniotomy for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Rienas William , Li Renxi , Lee SeungEun , Ryan Lianne , Rienas Christopher 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a medical emergency, and functional status is often a predictor of adverse outcomes perioperatively. Patients with different functional statuses may have different perioperative outcomes during surgery for aSAH. This study retrospectively examines the effect of functional status on specific perioperative outcomes in patients receiving craniotomy for aSAH.

Methods:
Patients with aSAH who underwent neurosurgery were identified using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes (ICD10, I60; ICD9, 430) in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database from 2005 to 2021. Subjects were stratified into two study groups: functionally dependent and functionally independent, based on their documented functional status on NSQIP. Significant preoperative differences were present between groups so a multivariable regression was performed between functionally dependent and independent patients. The 30-day perioperative outcomes of the two groups were compared. Perioperative outcomes included death, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), cardiac complications, stroke, wound complications, renal complications, sepsis, clot formation, pulmonary complications, return to the operating room, operation time >4 h, length of stay longer than 7 days, discharge not to home, and bleeding.

Results:
For aSAH patients receiving craniotomy repair, functionally dependent patients had significantly greater rates of MACE, cardiac complications, sepsis, pulmonary complications, and discharge not to home compared to functionally independent patients.

Conclusion:
This study shows specific perioperative variables influenced by dependent functional status when treating aSAH through craniotomy, thus leading to a more complicated postoperative course. Additional research is needed to confirm these findings among the specific variables that we analyzed.
Subdural drain with Nelaton catheter and latex glove, a low-cost alternative and how to make it
Authors: Tirado-Ornelas Héctor Alonso , Sandoval-Villalobos Haziel , Cruz-Argüelles Carlos Antonio , Alonso-del Toro Juan Pablo , Santos-Franco Jorge Arturo 
Published: September 2024

Background:
One of the most commonly encountered surgical pathologies in neurosurgical practice worldwide is subdural hematoma. The use of prefabricated drains following surgical procedures is widely recommended. However, their availability can be inconsistent due to various issues.

Methods:
An intensive search was conducted regarding the availability and cost of subdural drains. The Medtronic subdural evacuating port system costs between 100 and 150 USD, the Blake drain costs between 35 and 40 USD, and the Jackson-Pratt drain costs between 25 and 35 USD. We present a low-cost alternative and describe how it can be implemented using materials available in almost every hospital.

Results:
A simple step-by-step guide for crafting handmade subdural drains has been created, aiming to make this affordable alternative accessible to every surgeon who may need one due to the unavailability of prefabricated drains in developing countries.

Conclusion:
The benefits associated with using a subdural drain during the evacuation of subdural hematomas are well-documented. In cases where prefabricated drains are not available, a handmade alternative can always be utilized. Materials are often readily available in every hospital, and the cost may not exceed 100 MXN (5 USD), making it at least 5 times cheaper than the cheapest prefabricated alternative. This solution is particularly beneficial for developing countries without access to prefabricated drains.