bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression and its Somatic Consequences: Allostatic Load as the Connecting Link
Authors: Penninx B. 
Published: June 2017

Stress-related psychiatric disorders, such as depressive and anxiety disorders, have been associated with increased risk of overall mortality as well as with the onset of various aging-related somatic diseases. In addition to unhealthy lifestyles and poorer (self) care, various stress-related physiological processes likely contribute to these detrimental health consequences of psychiatric disorders. Considering the fact that the impact of stress-related disorders is visible on many different somatic health outcomes, it is unlikely that contributing biological systems are very specific. In fact, it is likely that multiple dysregulations of stress systems, including the immune, HPA-axis and autonomic nervous systems, but also various general proteomic or metabolomic pathways are involved. The concept of Allostatic Load (AL) emphasizes the presence of a multi-system physiological dysregulation.In this talk I will summarize what the evidence is for somatic health consequences of psychiatric conditions, with depression as an important example. Subsequently, I will provide an overview of the various stress systems that are dysregulated in depressed patients. In addition, I will provide empirical data from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (n = 2981) that illustrate that there is evidence that depressed patients are especially at risk for a dysregulation in multiple physiological stress systems. I will also illustrate how such a state of AL can impact on basis cellular aging indicators like telomere length and epigenetic age.In sum, this talk will highlight the current state-of-evidence for an association between depressions with the onset of many adverse somatic health outcomes, and will provide insight into the contributing role of a multisystem physiological dysregulation.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Stay Foolish, Stay Fit: An Excursus on Strategies to Prevent Burnout of Mental Health Professionals
Authors: Ferrari S. , Rioli G. 
Published: June 2017

Burn-Out (BO) is commonly described as a growing situation of work stress and conceptualized as a combination of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization/cynicism and reduced personal efficacy. Some professionals are exposed to a higher risk, depending on their specific work mansions (most typically the so called helping professions) and on personal and contextual conditions. Evidence from scientific literature has confirmed that being younger and working in the field of mental health are very significant risk factors for BO. Furthermore, BO is an essential target for preventive strategies: prevention of BO, rather than treatment of potential psychopathological consequences, has been proved to be more effective and cost-effective, though unfortunately very often disregarded or left to individual initiatives.Physical activity, diet, and other features of a healthy life-style are core targets of interventions aimed at prevention of BO. Increasing evidence is collected on the effectiveness of mindfulness-based techniques and yoga. Supervision, and more specifically Balint-inspired models of group case discussions. Scientific and professional associationism is also effective as a strategy to avoid isolation. Finally, interventions aimed at improving work organization, targeting logistic aspects (eg. Time schedules), infrastructures (eg. Parking places) or dynamics and human interactions, are also essential and effective.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Definition, Epidemiology, Clinical Course and Outcomes in Treatment-resistant Schizophrenia
Authors: Seppala J. , Miettunen J. , Jääskeläinen E. , Isohanni M. , Seppälä A. , Koponen H. ,   M.R.G. M.-Resist Group
Published: June 2017

Based on a systematic review on TRS 285 studies were included regarding definitions of TRS (n = 11), genetics (18), brain structure and functioning (18), cognition (8), other neurobiological studies (16), medication (158), psychotherapy and cognitive rehabilitation (12), electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) (15), prognosis (21), and other miscellaneous studies (8). Definitions of TRS varied notably. TRS was associated with 3 to 11-fold higher healthcare costs than schizophrenia in general. One-fifth to one-third of all patients with schizophrenia were considered to be resistant to treatment. Based on limited evidence of genetics, brain structure and functioning and cognition, TRS may present as a different disorder with different etiology compared to non-TRS. Clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, ECT and cognitive-behavioral therapy have shown effectiveness, although the number of studies and quality of research on interventions is limited. About 40% to 70% of TRS patients had an unfavorable prognosis. Younger age, living in a rural or less urban area, primary education level, more psychiatric hospital treatment days in the year before first schizophrenia diagnosis, inpatient at first schizophrenia diagnosis, paranoid subtype, comorbid personality disorder and previous suicide attempt may be risk factors associated with TRS.TRS is a poorly defined, studied and understood condition. To create a framework of knowledge for TRS, as a basis to develop innovative studies on treatment, there is a need for a consensus on the definition of TRS. Prospective long-term prognostic and novel treatment intervention studies are needed [1].Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Emerging Sensor-based m-health Interventions in the Assessment of Psychotic Symptoms
Authors: Bulgheroni M. 
Published: June 2017

This speech aims to overview ongoing research trends on the integration of mobile health and sensors based behavioral analysis in therapeutics programs for subjects with mental health symptoms or disorders. The variety of easily acquirable personal data by smartphones and wearables in a transparent and unobtrusive way, offers the opportunity to describe the person in terms of his/her lifestyle and behavior at physical, cognitive and environmental level. An appropriate management of these data may initiate a new line in healthcare management characterized by tailored and timely interventions. However, despite the huge amount of data that could be acquired, an effective contribution of such information to the improvement of the quality of care in mental-health is still not sufficiently explored. The sensors and data which have been used in studies on mental status include accelerometer, gyroscope, GPS, microphone, calls, messages, screen, apps usage, environmental light, heart rate, skin conductance, and temperature. The primary outcomes build on correlations between sensor data and mental health status/severity of symptoms. These data are provided from studies on bipolar disorders and depression, using validated clinical scales (Patient Health Questionnaire-9; Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; Young Mania Rating Scale; Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; etc.).m-RESIST consortium is fully aware of the importance to describe behavioral patterns of patients with schizophrenia that could be used to setup remotely based therapeutic tool. m-RESIST is setting up a framework for the creation of a Clinical Decision Support System based on a mobile therapeutic intervention for treatment-resistant schizophrenia.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Cognitive Impairment in Bipolar: Neurodevelopmental or Neuroprogressive?
Authors: Young A. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundBipolar Disorders (BD) are common and complex diseases. Recent findings have provided evidence that impairments in cognition are evident in the various sub-groups of Bipolar Disorder and persist after resolution of acute episodes.MethodAn opinion paper based on a narrative review of the field.ResultsQuantifiable cognitive deficits are clearly found in Bipolar 1 and Bipolar 2 Disorders. These persist after recovery from acute episodes. The aetiopathogenesis of these phenomena is likely to be multifactorial. It seems clear that these cognitive impairments are not in general neurodevelopmental and for most are related to repeated episodes of illness [1]. However, the issues of subgroups with differential profiles of impairment and the trajectory of cognitive change remain to be fully established. The effects of putative treatments (e.g., pharmacological, neurostimulation, cognitive remediation) are at an early stage of evaluation.ConclusionsFuture efforts should focus on further integrating the current and emerging research findings into a coherent model, which generates testable hypotheses and allows treatment effects to be tested.Disclosure of interestEmployed by King's College London Honorary Consultant SLaM (NHS UK)Paid lectures and advisory boards for all major pharmaceutical companies with drugs used in affective and related disordersNo share holdings in pharmaceutical companiesLead Investigator for Embolden Study (AZ), BCI Neuroplasticity study and Aripiprazole Mania StudyInvestigator initiated studies from AZ, Eli Lilly, Lundbeck, WyethGrant funding (past and present): NIMH (USA) CIHR (Canada) NARSAD (USA) Stanley Medical Research Institute (USA) MRC (UK) Wellcome Trust (UK) Royal College of Physicians (Edin) BMA (UK) UBC-VGH Foundation (Canada) WEDC (Canada) CCS Depression Research Fund (Canada) MSFHR (Canada) NIHR (UK).
Possible Involvement of Endogenous Opioids and Nitric Oxide in the Anticonvulsant Effect of Acute Chloroquine Treatment in Mice
Authors: Abkhoo A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionChloroquine, a 4-aminoquinoline derivative, has long been used for the treatment of malaria and rheumatological disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Accumulating evidence now suggests potential use of chloroquine as a neuroprotectant. Studies have shown that nitric oxide (NO) pathway is involved in the chloroquine actions. Considering the fact that nitrergic neurotransmission plays a crucial role in the central nervous system functioning, in the present study we evaluated whether nitrergic system is involved in the anticonvulsant effects of chloroquine in a model of clonicseizure in mice.MethodsClonic seizure threshold was determined by infusion of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ, 0.5%) at a constant rate of 1 mL/min into the tail vein of male Swiss mice (23–29 g). Minimal dose of PTZ (mg/kg of mice weight) needed to induce clonicseizure was considered as an index of seizure threshold.ResultsChloroquine (5 mg/kg, acutely 30 min before test, intraperitoneally), i.p significantly increased the seizure threshold. Acute co-administration of a non-effective dose of the non-selective NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor, L-NAME (L-NG-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride,5 mg/kg, i.p.) or the selective inhibitor of neuronal NOS, 7-NI (7-nitroindazole, 40 mg/kg, i.p.) with an effective dose of chloroquine (5 mg/kg) inhibited its anticonvulsant effects. Co-administration of a non-effective dose the selective inducible NOS inhibitor, aminoguanidine (100 mg/kg, i.p.) with chloroquine 5 mg/kg did not alter its anticonvulsant effects.ConclusionChloroquine increases the PTZ-induced clonic seizure threshold in mice. We demonstrated for the first time that nitric oxide signaling probably through neuronal NOS could be involved in the anticonvulsant effects of chloroquine in this model of seizure in mice.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
Cognitive Functions Recovery After Traumatic Brain Injury of Mild Severity in Adolescents
Authors: Pervichko S. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe effect of the traumatic brain injury of mild severity (mTBI) on the cognitive functions influences on the educational activities of adolescents in school and the quality of life in general.ObjectivesTo study the violations and to track the dynamics of recovery higher mental functions (HMF), after mTBI in adolescents with neuropsychological syndrome in the range of up to one year.Materials and methodsThe study is based on the original set of techniques designed by A.R. Luria. We focused on assessing the status of various components of the HMF. We also studied of the mental activity in its regulatory and dynamic aspects. Thirty-one patients with mTBI (mean age was 11.5 + 1.3) and 20 healthy subjects (mean age was 12 + 1.5) took part in the study.ResultsAnalysis of the results showed that violations of HMF in the acute period were represented by three types of syndromes. The leading place in each syndrome is occupied by deficiency symptoms of non-specific brain structures. Research of dynamics of recovery HMF demonstrated the symptoms related to deficiency of parietal-temporal-occipital area are reducing for the first month, as well as the symptoms of the anterior brain. After six months we observed the decrease all symptoms from cortical structures, but the symptoms persist in the form of fatigue, reduction the rate of mental activity, difficulty in concentration.ConclusionsApplication of neuropsychological approach (Luria school) to the diagnosis and recovery of deficit cognitive function allows to describe the symptoms and to identify their hierarchy in the structure of violations.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Working with Traumatized Immigrants with a ptsd Diagnosis
Authors: Graef-Calliess I.T. 
Published: June 2017

Graef-Calliess Iris (Germany).Germany has always been an important host country for asylum seekers. Although recently an increasing number of investigations about mental health of specific migrant groups have been published in Germany, there is a paucity of research concerning mental health of traumatized asylum seekers. The aim of the presentation is to present study results which describe socio-demographics, types and frequency of traumatic experiences, psychiatric diagnoses, suicidality and time to access to mental health care in traumatized asylum seekers who applied to an outpatient department of a clinical center with high expertise in transcultural psychiatry and psychotherapy in Hannover, Germany. The study shows that most of the traumatized asylum seekers had experienced multiple pre-migratory traumatic events, had unfavorable post-migratory conditions, had PTSD and depressive disorders as diagnoses, and had high suicidality and late access to mental health care. This is indicative of the mental health situation of asylum seekers in Germany in general. Ways of dealing with this challenge for the mental health care system and options for clinical management will be presented.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Late Life Depression, Postural Instability and Dyspnea: The He.s.i.o.d. Study (Hexameter Study in Older Depressed)
Authors: Belvederi Murr M. , Nerozzi E. , Padula N. , Tacconi C. , Coni A. , Chiari L. , Assirelli B. , Toni G. , Chattat R. , Ferdinando T. , Neviani F. , Cremonini A. , Amore M. , Zanetidou S. , Bertakis K.D. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionLate life major depression (LLMD) is usually treated within primary care, but still with unsatisfactory outcomes and significant residual symptoms. Moreover, LLMD increases symptoms of anxiety, dyspnea, fear of falling (FOF), and risk of falls. Evidence from non-depressed patients suggests the efficacy of breathing and postural exercises; in particular, rhythmic breathing during poetry recitation was shown to improve cardio-respiratory synchronization. Thus, the aim of the HESIOD study was to test the efficacy of antidepressants plus breathing and postural exercises to improve patients’ anxiety mood, dyspnea, FOF, and postural stability.MethodsTwo non-randomised groups were compared: (1) antidepressant drugs plus weekly sessions of breathing/postural exercises based on the rhythmic recitation of hexameter poetry (intervention); (2) antidepressant drugs plus weekly sessions of group reading (comparator). Patients aged 65 +, with non-psychotic recurrent LLMD were recruited from a psychiatric consultation-liaison program for primary care. The main outcome measure was remission from depression (MADRS score ≤ 10) at 24 weeks. Secondary outcomes will include accelerometer-based measures of postural stability; patient-rated dyspnea, and FOF.ResultsPreliminary data on 34 patients show that patients receiving breathing and postural exercises displayed greater remission rates than those in the reading group (47.1% vs. 11.8%, P = 0.02). Further analyses will examine the effects on postural stability, dyspnea and FOF.ConclusionsBreathing and postural exercises may exert significant clinical advantage when added to the standard antidepressant drug therapy for LLMD. This study might prompt further research on innovative treatment strategies to improve the outcomes of late life depression in primary care.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The Evolution of Mania in the Elderly: A Case Study
Authors: Perez I. Martine. , Sánchez F. García , Gáldamez A.L. Gonzalez , Simo A. Belmar , Acevedo M.D. Piqueras , Briñol C.J. Garcia , Molina B. Perez , Pombo I. Bello , Eugenio A. Lopez 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionBipolar disorder in elderly patients may present as an evolution of the disease initiated in younger stages or as an entity newly emerging. In addition, mania in the elderly, has characteristics that make it different from the adult. These disorders can be correlated with underlying vascular or degenerative disorders [1].MethodsReview of the relevant literature by searching PUBMED, limited to studies of greater scientific hierarchy.ResultsThe existence of changes in the manic phase motivated by the influence of vascular disease, as well as the importance of the changes experienced in therapy at the rate of underlying organic disease described. The useful pharmacotherapeutic approach in this case is discussed.ConclusionThe most recent research points in the direction of a more organic for mania late age-related substrate. The diverse etiology requires differential diagnosis for addressing the underlying causes [1]. The clinic does not dim with age, but increases the tendency to develop rapid cycling as age progresses. It is also more frequent occurrence of paranoid and aggressive traits, especially in situations of confrontation, along with increased dysphoria [2]. The therapeutic management by neuroleptics require very careful attention, because of the vulnerability of this group to develop adverse effects. Mood stabilizers use has been demonstrated as effective as in young [2].Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Just Hypochondria or Something Else?
Authors: Perez I. Martine. , Sánchez F. Garcia , Galdamez A.L. Gonzalez , Acevedo M.D. Piqueras , Simo A. Belmar , Eugenio A. Lopez , Quesada M.E. Felices , Briñol C.J. Garcia 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionIn the older adult hypochondria is one of the most common somatoform disorders, and represents a particular challenge for approach, diagnosis and treatment, since in this age group, non-psychiatric medical comorbidity and concomitant presence of other psychiatric disorders very high. It is therefore very complex differentiate hypochondria disease with a real organic cause [1].MethodsReview of the relevant literature on the subject by searching PUBMED, limited to studies of greater scientific hierarchy.ResultsAnalysis of symptoms present in a hypochondriac patient with comorbid psychiatric disorders and organic pathology, valuing the importance it has in its clinical manifestations and the difficulty of differential diagnosis.ConclusionsIn the elderly, the high frequency of somatic disease conditions the need for a deeper physical and mental examination to avoid subjecting patients to unnecessary scrutiny and risky complementary tests [1].The evolution of hypochondriacs, dragging hypochondria from youth is not good, persisting in his complaint and his need to see a doctor for diagnostic examinations [2]. The therapeutic approach depends on the type of complaint, in which the treatment of the underlying disease as a psychotherapeutic and pharmacological mixed approach may be the right things [2].Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Fronto-temporal Dementia with Early Onset
Authors: Sabo T. , Bošnjak D. , Jukić V. , Bilić P. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionEven though it is not the most common type of dementia, frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a major health problem. It affects people younger than 65 with similar frequency as Alzheimer's dementia (AD) and has a progressive course that leads to inevitable deterioration in functioning. Still, FTD is not a unique entity in ICD- 10 classification.ObjectivesTo investigate the diagnostic and treatment difficulties in FTD.AimsTo show very rapid and progressive deterioration in people with early onset FTD.MethodsWe will present a series of cases showing progressive cognitive deterioration and prominent personality changes in patients with FTD hospitalised at University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapce since 2013 to 2015. Collected data included anamnestic and heteroanamnestic information, blood tests and neroimaging.ResultsOur findings showed a significance of early onset FTD, with subtle, untypical symptoms at the beginning, and galloping deterioration during the course of illness.ConclusionsPresented patients with FTD showed rapid and progressive nature of disease with infaust prognosis. Even though early onset patients make 20% of overall number of patients with FTD, we consider that it is necessary to separate them from late onset patients in future classification systems.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Bruxism as a Consequence of Chemotherapy?
Authors: Da Ponte G. , Rato J. , Pinto C. , Lobo M. , Ouakinin S. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionBruxism is a syndrome with uncertain etiology but with proposed factors: psychosocial, peripheral and central. Treatment is also controversial and one of the options focuses in GABA theory and regularization of ion channels. Xelox (capecitabine + oxaliplatin) and bevacizumad is indicated for metastatic colorectal cancer, being oxaliplatin the most neurotoxic agent (acute syndrome and/or a chronic sensory neuropathy). Acute neurotoxicity is very frequent and it is a sensory and/or a motor toxicity (as tongue tingling or jaw spams). The proposed pathogenesis – neuronal hyperexcitability due to alterations of voltage-gated ion channels – is supported by mechanism of action of some treatments.Objectives and AimsReview different causes of bruxism.MethodsDescription of a clinical case.ResultsThis is a story of 76-years-old man in treatment for metastatic colon cancer that developed toxicity: nauseas (treated with haloperidol), bruxism and gingival atrophy. He was referred to psycho-oncology by involuntary movements of mouth and trunk. The patient complained of sadness, anhedonia and insomnia since recurrence of cancer and related the movements with CT. At observation he was anxious, tearfulness and agitated. He was treated for a depressive episode, but the doubt remained about involuntary movements: haloperidol was a confounding factor for oxaliplatin acute neurotoxicity, also aggravated by psychic and peripheral factors.ConclusionsThe authors believe that bruxism is linked to CT in a very complex relation that includes psychic, peripheral and central factors. Psychiatrists need to keep attention to the patient as a whole, not being seduced by easy answers like psychosocial factors.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.