bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Heuristic Parameterization for the Integrated Vertical Overlap of Cumulus and Stratus
Authors: Park Sungsu 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe author developed a heuristic parameterization to handle the contrasting vertical overlap structures of cumulus and stratus in an integrated way. The parameterization assumes that cumulus is maximum‐randomly overlapped with adjacent cumulus; stratus is maximum‐randomly overlapped with adjacent stratus; and radiation and precipitation areas at each model interface are grouped into four categories, that is, convective, stratiform, mixed, and clear areas. For simplicity, thermodynamic scalars within individual portions of cloud, radiation, and precipitation areas are assumed to be internally homogeneous. The parameterization was implemented into the Seoul National University Atmosphere Model version 0 (SAM0) in an offline mode and tested over the globe. The offline control simulation reasonably reproduces the online surface precipitation flux and longwave cloud radiative forcing (LWCF). Although the cumulus fraction is much smaller than the stratus fraction, cumulus dominantly contributes to precipitation production in the tropics. For radiation, however, stratus is dominant. Compared with the maximum overlap, the random overlap of stratus produces stronger LWCF and, surprisingly, more precipitation flux due to less evaporation of convective precipitation. Compared with the maximum overlap, the random overlap of cumulus simulates stronger LWCF and weaker precipitation flux. Compared with the control simulation with separate cumulus and stratus, the simulation with a single‐merged cloud substantially enhances the LWCF in the tropical deep convection and midlatitude storm track regions. The process‐splitting treatment of convective and stratiform precipitation with an independent precipitation approximation (IPA) simulates weaker surface precipitation flux than the control simulation in the tropical region.
Architecture of the Distal Piedmont‐Ligurian Rifted Margin in NW Italy: Hints for a Flip of the Rift System Polarity
Authors: Decarlis Alessandro , Beltrando Marco , Manatschal Gianreto , Ferrando Simona , Carosi Rodolfo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe Alpine Tethys rifted margins were generated by a Mesozoic polyphase magma‐poor rifting leading to the opening of the Piedmont‐Ligurian “Ocean.” This latter developed through different phases of rifting that terminated with the exhumation of subcontinental mantle along an extensional detachment system. At the onset of simple shear detachment faulting, two margin types were generated: an upper and a lower plate corresponding to the hanging wall and footwall of the final detachment system, respectively. The two margin architectures were markedly different and characterized by a specific asymmetry. In this study the detailed analysis of the Adriatic margin, exposed in the Serie dei Laghi, Ivrea‐Verbano, and Canavese Zone, enabled to recognize the diagnostic elements of an upper plate rifted margin. This thesis contrasts with the classic interpretation of the Southalpine units, previously compared with the adjacent fossil margin preserved in the Austroalpine nappes and considered as part of a lower plate. The proposed scenario suggests the segmentation and flip of the Alpine rifting system along strike and the passage from a lower to an upper plate. Following this interpretation, the European and Southern Adria margins are coevally developed upper plate margins, respectively resting NE and SW of a major transform zone that accommodates a flip in the polarity of the rift system. This new explanation has important implications for the study of the pre‐Alpine rift‐related structures, for the comprehension of their role during the reactivation of the margin and for the paleogeographic evolution of the Alpine orogen.
NMDAR encephalitis: passive transfer from man to mouse by a recombinant antibody
Authors: Malviya Manish , Barman Sumanta , Golombeck Kristin S. , Planagumà Jesús , Mannara Francesco , Strutz‐Seebohm Nathalie , Wrzos Claudia , Demir Fatih , Baksmeier Christine , Steckel Julia , Falk Kim Kristin , Gross Catharina C. , Kovac Stjepana , Bönte Kathrin , Johnen Andreas , Wandinger Klaus‐Peter , Martín‐García Elena , Becker Albert J. , Elger Christian E. , Klöcker Nikolaj , Wiendl Heinz , Meuth Sven G. , Hartung Hans‐Peter , Seebohm Guiscard , Leypoldt Frank , Maldonado Rafael , Stadelmann Christine , Dalmau Josep , Melzer Nico , Goebels Norbert 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveAutoimmune encephalitis is most frequently associated with anti‐NMDAR autoantibodies. Their pathogenic relevance has been suggested by passive transfer of patients' cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in mice in vivo. We aimed to analyze the intrathecal plasma cell repertoire, identify autoantibody‐producing clones, and characterize their antibody signatures in recombinant form.MethodsPatients with recent onset typical anti‐NMDAR encephalitis were subjected to flow cytometry analysis of the peripheral and intrathecal immune response before, during, and after immunotherapy. Recombinant human monoclonal antibodies (rhuMab) were cloned and expressed from matching immunoglobulin heavy‐ (IgH) and light‐chain (IgL) amplicons of clonally expanded intrathecal plasma cells (cePc) and tested for their pathogenic relevance.ResultsIntrathecal accumulation of B and plasma cells corresponded to the clinical course. The presence of cePc with hypermutated antigen receptors indicated an antigen‐driven intrathecal immune response. Consistently, a single recombinant human GluN1‐specific monoclonal antibody, rebuilt from intrathecal cePc, was sufficient to reproduce NMDAR epitope specificity in vitro. After intraventricular infusion in mice, it accumulated in the hippocampus, decreased synaptic NMDAR density, and caused severe reversible memory impairment, a key pathogenic feature of the human disease, in vivo.InterpretationA CNS‐specific humoral immune response is present in anti‐NMDAR encephalitis specifically targeting the GluN1 subunit of the NMDAR. Using reverse genetics, we recovered the typical intrathecal antibody signature in recombinant form, and proved its pathogenic relevance by passive transfer of disease symptoms from man to mouse, providing the critical link between intrathecal immune response and the pathogenesis of anti‐NMDAR encephalitis as a humorally mediated autoimmune disease.
Extreme Two‐Phase Cooling from Laser‐Etched Diamond and Conformal, Template‐Fabricated Microporous Copper
Authors: Palko James W. , Lee Hyoungsoon , Zhang Chi , Dusseault Tom J. , Maitra Tanmoy , Won Yoonjin , Agonafer Damena D. , Moss Jess , Houshmand Farzad , Rong Guoguang , Wilbur Joshua D. , Rockosi Derrick , Mykyta Ihor , Resler Dan , Altman David , Asheghi Mehdi , Santiago Juan G. , Goodson Kenneth E. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis paper reports the first integration of laser‐etched polycrystalline diamond microchannels with template‐fabricated microporous copper for extreme convective boiling in a composite heat sink for power electronics and energy conversion. Diamond offers the highest thermal conductivity near room temperature, and enables aggressive heat spreading along triangular channel walls with 1:1 aspect ratio. Conformally coated porous copper with thickness 25 µm and 5 µm pore size optimizes fluid and heat transport for convective boiling within the diamond channels. Data reported here include 1280 W cm−2 of heat removal from 0.7 cm2 surface area with temperature rise beyond fluid saturation less than 21 K, corresponding to 6.3 × 105 W m−2 K−1. This heat sink has the potential to dissipate much larger localized heat loads with small temperature nonuniformity (5 kW cm−2 over 200 µm × 200 µm with <3 K temperature difference). A microfluidic manifold assures uniform distribution of liquid over the heat sink surface with negligible pumping power requirements (e.g., <1.4 × 10−4 of the thermal power dissipated). This breakthrough integration of functional materials and the resulting experimental data set a very high bar for microfluidic heat removal.
Theranostic Prodrug Vesicles for Reactive Oxygen Species‐Triggered Ultrafast Drug Release and Local‐Regional Therapy of Metastatic Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhou Fangyuan , Feng Bing , Wang Tingting , Wang Dangge , Cui Zhirui , Wang Siling , Ding Chunyong , Zhang Zhiwen , Liu Jian , Yu Haijun , Li Yaping 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐activatable doxorubicin (Dox) prodrug vesicle (RADV) is presented for image‐guided ultrafast drug release and local‐regional therapy of the metastatic triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). RADV is prepared by integrating a ROS‐activatable Dox prodrug, a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐modified photosensitizer pyropheophorbide‐a, an unsaturated phospholipid 1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine, and cholesterol into one single nanoplatform. RADV is of extremely high drug loading ratio (27.5 wt%) by self‐assembly of the phospholipid‐mimic Dox prodrug into the liposomal bilayer membrane. RADV displays good colloidal stability to prevent premature drug leakage during the blood circulation and inert photochemotoxicity to avoid nonspecific side effect. RADV passively accumulates at tumor site through the enhanced permeability and retention effect when administrated systemically. Once deposited at the tumor site, RADV generates fluorescent and photoacoustic signals to guide near‐infrared (NIR) laser irradiation, which can induce localized ROS generation, not only to trigger prodrug activation and ultrafast drug release but also conduct photodynamic therapy in a spatiotemporally controlled manner. In combination with NIR laser irradiation, RADV efficiently inhibits the tumor growth and distant metastasis of TNBC. Local‐regional tumor therapy using intelligent theranostic nanomedicine might provide an alternative option for highly efficient treatment of the metastatic TNBC.
Programmable Hydrogels for Cell Encapsulation and Neo‐Tissue Growth to Enable Personalized Tissue Engineering
Authors: Bryant Stephanie J. , Vernerey Franck J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBiomimetic and biodegradable synthetic hydrogels are emerging as a promising platform for cell encapsulation and tissue engineering. Notably, synthetic‐based hydrogels offer highly programmable macroscopic properties (e.g., mechanical, swelling and transport properties) and degradation profiles through control over several tunable parameters (e.g., the initial network structure, degradation kinetics and behavior, and polymer properties). One component to success is the ability to maintain structural integrity as the hydrogel transitions to neo‐tissue. This seamless transition is complicated by the fact that cellular activity is highly variable among donors. Thus, computational models provide an important tool in tissue engineering due to their unique ability to explore the coupled processes of hydrogel degradation and neo‐tissue growth across multiple length scales. In addition, such models provide new opportunities to develop predictive computational tools to overcome the challenges with designing hydrogels for different donors. In this report, programmable properties of synthetic‐based hydrogels and their relation to the hydrogel's structural properties and their evolution with degradation are reviewed. This is followed by recent progress on the development of computational models that describe hydrogel degradation with neo‐tissue growth when cells are encapsulated in a hydrogel. Finally, the potential for predictive models to enable patient‐specific hydrogel designs for personalized tissue engineering is discussed.
Unraveling the Solution‐State Supramolecular Structures of Donor–Acceptor Polymers and their Influence on Solid‐State Morphology and Charge‐Transport Properties
Authors: Zheng Yu‐Qing , Yao Ze‐Fan , Lei Ting , Dou Jin‐Hu , Yang Chi‐Yuan , Zou Lin , Meng Xiangyi , Ma Wei , Wang Jie‐Yu , Pei Jian 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPolymer self‐assembly in solution prior to film fabrication makes solution‐state structures critical for their solid‐state packing and optoelectronic properties. However, unraveling the solution‐state supramolecular structures is challenging, not to mention establishing a clear relationship between the solution‐state structure and the charge‐transport properties in field‐effect transistors. Here, for the first time, it is revealed that the thin‐film morphology of a conjugated polymer inherits the features of its solution‐state supramolecular structures. A “solution‐state supramolecular structure control” strategy is proposed to increase the electron mobility of a benzodifurandione‐based oligo(p‐phenylene vinylene) (BDOPV)‐based polymer. It is shown that the solution‐state structures of the BDOPV‐based conjugated polymer can be tuned such that it forms a 1D rod‐like structure in good solvent and a 2D lamellar structure in poor solvent. By tuning the solution‐state structure, films with high crystallinity and good interdomain connectivity are obtained. The electron mobility significantly increases from the original value of 1.8 to 3.2 cm2 V−1 s−1. This work demonstrates that “solution‐state supramolecular structure” control is critical for understanding and optimization of the thin‐film morphology and charge‐transport properties of conjugated polymers.
Surface‐Embedded Stretchable Electrodes by Direct Printing and their Uses to Fabricate Ultrathin Vibration Sensors and Circuits for 3D Structures
Authors: Song Jun Hyuk , Kim Young‐Tae , Cho Sunghwan , Song Woo‐Jin , Moon Sungmin , Park Chan‐Gyung , Park Soojin , Myoung Jae Min , Jeong Unyong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPrinting is one of the easy and quick ways to make a stretchable wearable electronics. Conventional printing methods deposit conductive materials “on” or “inside” a rubber substrate. The conductors made by such printing methods cannot be used as device electrodes because of the large surface topology, poor stretchability, or weak adhesion between the substrate and the conducting material. Here, a method is presented by which conductive materials are printed in the way of being surface‐embedded in the rubber substrate; hence, the conductors can be widely used as device electrodes and circuits. The printing process involves a direct printing of a metal precursor solution in a block‐copolymer rubber substrate and chemical reduction of the precursor into metal nanoparticles. The electrical conductivity and sensitivity to the mechanical deformation can be controlled by adjusting the number of printing operations. The fabrication of highly sensitive vibration sensors is thus presented, which can detect weak pulses and sound waves. In addition, this work takes advantage of the viscoelasticity of the composite conductor to fabricate highly conductive stretchable circuits for complicated 3D structures. The printed electrodes are also used to fabricate a stretchable electrochemiluminescence display.
AIE Nanoparticles with High Stimulated Emission Depletion Efficiency and Photobleaching Resistance for Long‐Term Super‐Resolution Bioimaging
Authors: Li Dongyu , Qin Wei , Xu Bin , Qian Jun , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractStimulated emission depletion (STED) nanoscopy is a typical super‐resolution imaging technique that has become a powerful tool for visualizing intracellular structures on the nanometer scale. Aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) luminogens are ideal fluorescent agents for bioimaging. Herein, long‐term super‐resolution fluorescence imaging of cancer cells, based on STED nanoscopy assisted by AIE nanoparticles (NPs) is realized. 2,3‐Bis(4‐(phenyl(4‐(1,2,2‐triphenylvinyl)phenyl)amino)phenyl) fumaronitrile (TTF), a typical AIE luminogen, is doped into colloidal mesoporous silica to form fluorescent NPs. TTF@SiO2 NPs bear three significant features, which are all essential for STED nanoscopy. First, their STED efficiency can reach more than 60%. Second, they are highly resistant to photobleaching, even under long‐term and high‐power STED light irradiation. Third, they have a large Stokes' shift of ≈150 nm, which is beneficial for restraining the fluorescence background induced by the STED light irradiation. STED nanoscopy imaging of TTF@SiO2‐NPs‐stained HeLa cells is performed, exhibiting a high lateral spatial resolution of 30 nm. More importantly, long‐term (more than half an hour) super‐resolution cell imaging is achieved with low fluorescence loss. Considering that AIE luminogens are widely used for organelle targeting, cellular mapping, and tracing, AIE‐NPs‐based STED nanoscopy holds great potential for many basic biomedical studies that require super‐resolution and long‐term imaging.
Optically Controlled Magnetization and Magnetoelectric Effect in Organic Multiferroic Heterojunction
Authors: Wei Mengmeng , Niu Mengsi , Bi Pengqing , Hao Xiaotao , Ren Shenqiang , Xie Shijie , Qin Wei 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe organic multiferroic effect receives increasing attention in organic electronics. Recently, the renaissance of organic multiferroics has yielded in a deep understanding of organic magnetism and magnetoelectric coupling. Here, through fabricating polythiophene nanowire/CH3NH3PbBr3 multiferroic heterojunction, the origin of organic magnetism, optically controlled magnetization, and magnetoelectric coupling with optical approach is studied. Specifically, the optical approach utilizes double beam 355 and 607 nm excitations to separately operate the CH3NH3PbBr3 and polythiophene nanowire layers. This double‐beam‐light approach allows to elucidate the effects of photogenerated charges on organic magnetism and magnetoelectric coupling effect. It is found that magnetization and magnetoelectric coupling of polythiophene nanowire/CH3NH3PbBr3 heterojunction can be effectively tuned through the photoexcitation of CH3NH3PbBr3, rather than photoexcitation of polythiophene nanowire phase, which has been further confirmed by electron spin resonance. Furthermore, the dominated factors are discussed to reveal room‐temperature magnetization in organics. This work provides a strategy for optically controlled organic magnetism and magnetoelectric effect in charge transfer heterojunction.
Polymeric P–N Heterointerface for Solution‐Processed Integrated Organic Optoelectronic Systems
Authors: Kim Jihong , Khim Dongyoon , Yeo Jun‐Seok , Kang Minji , Baeg Kang‐Jun , Kim Dong‐Yu 
Published: October 2017

AbstractConventionally, P–N junctions have played an important role as a key unit in most semiconductor electronic devices. P–N junctions based on organic semiconductors have also been researched widely, but it is difficult to develop solution‐processing‐based organic semiconductor P–N junctions because of their similar solubility in common organic solvents. For this reason, most organic planar heterojunctions have been based on deposition by thermal evaporation or transfer film via additional complicated processing. In this study, using p‐type and n‐type conjugated polymers with selection of their orthogonal solvents, a conjugated polymer bilayer P–N heterojunction structure is developed via simple solution processing. The developed structure is then used in novel organic electronic applications, such as organic rectifier diodes, organic field‐effect transistors with highly balanced ambipolar charge transport properties, integrated circuits, and even organic phototransistors that display a photoresponse from the visible to the near‐infrared (NIR) range with the generation of a photocurrent at the P–N heterointerface in the channel region. The polymeric P–N junction structure can be applied in various organic electronic devices via a simple printing process, which can contribute to the development of new functionalized organic electronics systems.
Recent Advances in Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions at ppm to ppb Molar Catalyst Loadings
Authors: Roy David , Uozumi Yasuhiro 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe review here new developments in decreasing the catalyst loadings in palladium‐catalyzed C–C bond‐formation reactions to mol ppm or mol ppb levels. This decreases the cost of the catalyst and the toxicity of the reaction system, making the reaction more attractive to industry. The Heck reaction, Sonogashira reaction, Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction, other cross‐coupling reactions, and allylic arylation reactions are separately discussed to show clearly the progress made in each type of reaction. Apart from the catalyst loading, the other parameters of the reaction (temperature, solvent, etc.) are briefly discussed to illustrate the shift toward greener conditions. For most reactions, this shift is underway or well advanced, and catalyst loadings have been decreased to below 1 mol ppm. An abundance of catalytic systems are now available, and it is sometimes difficult to identify the best one, because the substrates examined can vary widely from publication to publication. In the future, emphasis should be placed on the studying the full scope of the reaction at mol ppm catalyst loadings, rather than examining a few examples at these levels during the reaction‐optimization process.magnified image
(2‐Pyridyl)sulfonyl Groups for ortho‐Directing Palladium‐ Catalyzed Carbon–Halogen Bond Formation at Functionalized Arenes
Authors: Guilbaud Johan , Labonde Marine , Cattey Hélène , Contal Sylvie , Montalbetti Christian , Pirio Nadine , Roger Julien , Hierso Jean‐Cyrille 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe describe an efficient palladium‐catalyzed selective C–H ortho‐monohalogenation (X=I, Br, Cl, F) of various functionalized (2‐pyridyl)arylsulfones. ortho‐, meta‐ and para‐functionalization is tolerated at the arene group which undergoes C–H halogenation. Some modifications are also possible on the 2‐(arylsulfonyl)heteroaryl directing groups. A comparison of the halogenation efficiency suggests that bromination is the practical method of choice, while chlorination and fluorination are possible but more challenging. Under forcing conditions ortho‐dihalogenation can also be achieved.magnified image
Direct Access to 2‐Thioxooxazolidin‐4‐ones and Oxazolidine‐2,4‐diones from α‐Keto Thioesters through Thiolate Transfer
Authors: Maity Rajib , Naskar Sandip , Mal Kanchan , Biswas Sandipa , Das Indrajit 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe report a direct synthesis of 2‐thioxooxazolidin‐4‐ones and oxazolidine‐2,4‐diones from α‐keto thioesters with sodium thiocyanate or potassium cyanate, respectively. The reactions proceed through nucleophilic substitution of a thioester with thiocyanate/cyanate anion, thiolate anion addition to carbonyl carbon, and subsequent intramolecular C−O heterocyclization.magnified image
Lactols in Asymmetric Sequential Organo‐ and Gold‐Catalysis: Synthesis of Densely Functionalized Epimeric Bicyclic O,O‐Acetals
Authors: You Zhi‐Hao , Chen Ying‐Han , Wu Xiao‐Na , Liu Yan‐Kai 
Published: October 2017

AbstractStarting from substituted racemic lactols, the combination of organo/gold catalytic system works extremely well providing epimeric bicyclic O,O‐acetals as 5,6‐, and 6,6‐fused ring systems in good isolated yield with excellent enantioselectivities as pure diastereomers only after simple chromatographic purification. To highlight the synthetic potential, several oxygen‐containing heterocycles were prepared smoothly via a diversity‐oriented sequential process with high regio‐ and stereoselectivity, which are important structural units found in natural products and bioactive unnatural molecules.magnified image