bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil depth profiles and radiological assessment of natural radionuclides in forest ecosystem
Authors: Manigandan P. K. , Chandar Shekar B. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
We measured the distribution of three naturally occurring radionuclides, 238U, 232Th, and 40K, in soil samples collected from a rainforest in the Western Ghats of India. For each surface sample, we calculated average activity concentration, outdoor terrestrial γ dose rate, annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE), and radiation hazard index. The activity concentrations of surface samples were randomly distributed over space, but differed slightly with different soil depths. The concentration of 232Th and the average terrestrial γ dose rates were slightly higher than the world averages, so slightly high γ radiation appears to be a general characteristic of the Western Ghats. However, all radiological hazard indices were within the limits proposed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. The results reported here indicate that, except for 232Th, the naturally occurring radionuclides in the forest soils of the Western Ghats were within the ranges specified by United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation for undisturbed virgin soils.
Optimization of operational conditions in continuous electrodeionization method for maximizing Strontium and Cesium removal from aqueous solutions using artificial neural network
Authors: Zahakifar Fazel , Keshtkar Alireza , Nazemi Ehsan , Zaheri Adib 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Strontium (Sr) and Cesium (Cs) are two important nuclear fission products which are present in the radioactive wastewater resulting from nuclear power plants. They should be treated by considering environmental and economic aspects. In this study, artificial neural network (ANN) was implemented to evaluate the optimal experimental conditions in continuous electrodeionization method in order to achieve the highest removal percentage of Sr and Ce from aqueous solutions. Three control factors at three levels were tested in experiments for Sr and Cs: Feed concentration (10, 50 and 100 mg/L), flow rate (2.5, 3.75 and 5 mL/min) and voltage (5, 7.5 and 10 V). The obtained data from the experiments were used to train two ANNs. The three control factors were utilized as the inputs of ANNs and two quality responses were used as the outputs, separately (each ANN for one quality response). After training the ANNs, 1024 different control factor levels with various quality responses were predicted and finally the optimum control factor levels were obtained. Results demonstrated that the optimum levels of the control factors for maximum removing of Sr (97.6%) had an applied voltage of 10 V, a flow rate of 2.5 mL/min and a feed concentration of 10 mg/L. As for Cs (67.8%) they were 10 V, 2.55 mL/min and 50 mg/L, respectively.
Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and related biochemical parameters in various cancer species
Authors: Çiçek Hülya , Güleken Nesli , Öztuzcu Serdar , Sevinç Alper 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Objective
Certain cancer types have been shown to be associated with vitamin D deficiency. The aim of this study was to appraise the relationship between the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of VDR Fok1 and Bsm1 with serum vitamin D, calcium and phosphorus levels among patients of lung, colon, breast and pancreatic cancer patients.

Materials and methods
Groups; lung, colon, breast and pancreatic cancer patients (n=212) and 58 age-matched healthy controls. Serum levels of vitamin D were measured by immunochemiluminesence method and Fok1 and Bsm1 genotypes were assessed with Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction.

Results
VDR Fok1 and Bsm1 genetic polymorphisms have a significant difference between lung cancer and control group subjects (p=0.042, p=0.040, respectively). VDR Bsm1 genetic polymorphism has a significant association between breast cancer and control group according to the logistic regression model (p=0.038). Vitamin D levels were found significantly lower in all cancer groups (p<0.01). Phosphorus levels of lung cancer and calcium levels of pancreatic cancer patients were statistically significantly lower than control group (p<0.02, p<0.01).

Conclusion
This study indicates that VDR genetic polymorphisms, calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D status of individuals were associated with certain cancer species.
Is there a relation between Murine double minute 2 T309G polymorphism and lung cancer risk in the Turkish population?
Authors: Yilmaz Meral , Tas Ayça , Kacan Turgut , Sari Musa , Silig Yavuz 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Introduction
Association between Murine double minute 2 T309G polymorphism and lung cancer risk has been investigated in several populations, but results of these studies are inconsistent. We aimed to investigate the effect of Murine double minute 2 T309G polymorphism on development of lung cancer in a Turkish population.

Methods
Total 200 subjects including 100 patients and 100 controls were analyzed and used polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism methods for genotyping analysis of the polymorphism.

Results
We found that smokers compared with non-smokers have approximately eight fold higher lung cancer risk [p=0.0001, OR=8.27 (4.02–16.9)]. Frequency of GG genotype was higher in patients than in controls, but this ratio was not significant (χ2=3.5, p=0.17). Genotype distribution of the polymorphism was not different neither patients with non-small cell lung cancer nor patients with small cell lung cancer (χ2=2.89, p=0.57). We analyzed together with demographic feature (except smoking habit), clinicopathological findings and genotype frequencies of this polymorphism, and any association with lung cancer risk was not obtained.

Conclusion
No correlation between Murine double minute 2 T309G polymorphism and lung cancer risk was detected in this Turkish population.
Synthesis and crystal structure of the rare earth borogermanate EuGeBO5
Authors: Chi Yang , Zhuang Yan , Guo Sheng-Ping 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The synthesis and crystal structure of the rare earth borogermanate EuGeBO5 are reported. It is synthesized by high-temperature solid-state reaction and crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c (no. 14) with the unit cell parameters a=4.8860(5), b=7.5229(8), c=9.9587(10) Å, and β=91.709(3)°. Its crystal structure features a polyanion-type layer (GeBO5)3− constructed by BO4 and GeO4 tetrahedra connected alternatingly. Eu3+ ions are located in cavities and are coordinated by eight O atoms. Various structures of the related compounds REMM′O5 (RE=rare earth metal; M=Si, Ge, and Sn; M′=B, Al, and Ga) are also discussed.
X-ray and NQR studies of bromoindate(III) complexes: [C2H5NH3]4InBr7, [C(NH2)3]3InBr6, and [H3NCH2C(CH3)2CH2NH3]InBr5
Authors: Iwakiri Takeharu , Terao Hiromitsu , Lork Enno , Gesing Thorsten M. , Ishihara Hideta 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The crystal structures of [C2H5NH3]4InBr7(1), [C(NH2)3]3InBr6(2), and [H3NCH2C(CH3)2CH2NH3]InBr5(3) were determined at 100(2) K: monoclinic, P21
/n, a=1061.94(3), b=1186.40(4), c=2007.88(7) pm, β= 104.575(1)°, Z=4 for 1; monoclinic, C2/c, a=3128.81(12), b=878.42(3), c=2816.50(10) pm, β=92.1320(10)°, Z=16 for 2; orthorhombic, P212121, a=1250.33(5), b=1391.46(6), c=2503.22(9) pm, Z=4 for 3. The structure of 1 contains an isolated octahedral [InBr6]3− ion and a Br− ion. The structure of 2 contains three different isolated octahedral [InBr6]3− ions. The structure of 3 has a corner-shared double-octahedral [In2Br11]5− ion and an isolated tetrahedral [InBr4]− ion. The 81Br nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) lines of the terminal Br atoms of the compounds are widely spread in frequency, and some of them show unusual positive temperature dependence. These observations manifest the N−H···Br−In hydrogen bond networks developed between the cations and anions to stabilize the crystal structures. The 81Br NQR and differential thermal analysis (DTA) measurements have revealed the occurrence of unique phase transitions in 1 and 3. When the bond angles were estimated from the electric field gradient (EFG) directions calculated by the molecular orbital (MO) methods, accurate values were obtained for [InBr6]3− of 1 and for [In2Br11]5− and [InBr4]− of 3, except for several exceptions in those for the latter two ions. On the other hand, the calculations of 81Br NQR frequencies have produced up to 1.4 times higher values than the observed ones.
Electronic structure and chemical bonding in LaIrSi-type intermetallics
Authors: Matar Samir F. , Pöttgen Rainer , Nakhl Michel 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The cubic LaIrSi type has 23 representatives in aluminides, gallides, silicides, germanides, phosphides, and arsenides, all with a valence electron count of 16 or 17. The striking structural motif is a three-dimensional network of the transition metal (T) and p element (X) atoms with TX
3/3 respectively XT
3/3 coordination. Alkaline earth or rare earth atoms fill cavities within the polyanionic [TX]δ− networks. The present work presents a detailed theoretical study of chemical bonding in LaIrSi-type representatives, exemplarily for CaPtSi, BaIrP, BaAuGa, LaIrSi, CeRhSi, and CeIrSi. DFT-GGA-based electronic structure calculations show weakly metallic compounds with itinerant small magnitude DOSs at E
F except for CeRhSi whose large Ce DOS at E
F leads to a finite magnetization on Ce (0.73 μB) and induced small moments of opposite sign on Rh and Si in a ferromagnetic ground state. The chemical bonding analyses show dominant bonding within the [TX]δ− polyanionic networks. Charge transfer magnitudes were found in accordance with the course of the electronegativites of the chemical constituents.
Influence of structure of lactones with the methylcyclohexene and dimethylcyclohexene ring on their biotransformation and antimicrobial activity
Authors: Wińska Katarzyna , Grabarczyk Małgorzata , Mączka Wanda , Żarowska Barbara , Maciejewska Gabriela , Anioł Mirosław 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The aim of this article is influence of the structure of lactones with the methylcyclohexene and dimethylcyclohexene ring on their biotransformation and antimicrobial activity. This work was based on the general remark that even the smallest change in the structure of a compound can affect its biological properties. The results of the biotransformation of four bicyclic unsaturated lactones with one or two methyl groups in the cyclohexene ring was tested using fifteen fungal strains (Fusarium species, Penicillium species, Absidia species, Cunninghamella japonica, and Pleurotus ostreatus) and five yeast strains (Yarrowia lipolytica, Rhodorula marina, Rhodorula rubra, Candida viswanathii, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae). During these transformations, new epoxylactone and hydroxylactone were obtained. The relationship between the substrate structure and the ability of the microorganisms to transform them were analysed. Only compounds with C–O bond of lactone ring in the equatorial position were transformed by fungus. All presented here lactones were examined also for their antimicrobial activity. It turned out that these compounds exhibited growth inhibition of bacteria and fungi, mainly Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and Penicillium expansum.
The Right to Strike in Kuwait: International and National Perspectives
Authors: Al-Ajmi Thaqal S. , Almutari Turki S. 
Published: January 2017

This study discusses the most controversial right to strike by discerning its inclusion in public international law, in general, and international labour law, in particular. For the first time, it searches the right to strike in the unclear Kuwaiti laws by trying to prove the existence of such right. It then answers the question of whether such organisation of the right to strike for both workers and employee in Kuwait's national law conforms to the relevant international law.
La implantación del modelo territorial bonapartista. La prefectura de Granada.
Authors: Prados García Celia 
Published: January 2017

Con este trabajo se pretende una reflexión sobre la reforma, del modelo territorial, emprendida por José I durante su breve reinado. El monarca trató de solventar las imperfecciones de la administración territorial a través de la división del reino en prefecturas. La norma que sentó las bases para establecer el nuevo modelo del gobierno civil de los pueblos fue el Decreto de 17 de abril de 1810, diseñando un mapa integrado por treinta y ocho prefecturas y ciento once subprefecturas. El estudio se centrará en el análisis de la aplicación del sistema prefectural en Granada entre 1810 y 1812, años de la ocupación de la ciudad por las tropas francesas, que no estuvo exenta de problemas y sí muy condicionada a las dificultades de la guerra.
Geography of Food and the Urban Network in the Tri-Border Brazil-Peru-Colombia: The Case of Production and Commercialization of Poultry in the Amazon
Authors: Schor Tatiana , Avelino Francisco Carlos da Costa 
Published: January 2017

En la Amazonía brasileña, se identifica cada vez más una fuerte transformación de los hábitos alimenticios, especialmenteen relación con la sustitución del consumo de alimentos frescos por comida procesada. Un elemento importante de esta transformación es la sustitución de proteína obtenida a nivel local por la carne de pollo "congelado". Esta transformación de los hábitos alimenticios se producede forma diferente dependiendo de la estructura de mercado, la producción y la comercialización. Hemos tratado de examinar el área de la Triple Frontera Brasil-Colombia-Perú, considerando la importancia de la ciudad de Tabatinga en la región y las peculiaridades de otras ciudades, así como las interacciones urbanas, buscando identificar los flujos de suministro y las relaciones económicas, que también se producen con las ciudades cercanas de Perú y Colombia. A través de la variable “pollo”, este artículo hace una relectura de la red urbana y la dinámica en la frontera occidental de la Amazonía.
Dinámica de la precipitación, la temperatura y la razón de aridez (1973-2011) en un escenario de cambio global en la isla de la vieja Providencia, Colombia: ¿qué está cambiando?
Authors: Ruiz Jorge , Molano-González Nicolás 
Published: January 2017

Se hizo un análisis estadístico de la tendencia de la precipitación, temperatura media mensual y la razón de aridez anual para el periodo 1973-2011, en Providencia Isla, Colombia. Los dieciséis datos mensuales faltantes se imputaron con un modelo SARIMA. Los resultados sugieren que la precipitación no presenta tendencia, mientras que su varianza inequívocamente está en aumento. La temperatura muestra una pendiente pronunciada hasta 1981 y la prueba de Mann-Kendall exhibe una tendencia positiva y altamente significativa para toda la serie, aunque no según la prueba de Dickey-Fuller. La evidencia de la varianza de temperatura va en aumento. En el caso de la razón de aridez anual, la demostración de tendencia es contradictoria y no se observó efecto alguno de El Niño Southern Oscilation (ENSO).
Determination of the Relative Sediment Concentration in Water Bodies Using Remote Sensing Methodology
Authors: Vargas Cuervo Germán 
Published: January 2017

Los estudios para la determinación de la concentración relativa de sedimentos (CRS) en cuerpos de agua como ríos, ciénagas o deltas fluviales requieren equipos especializados, trabajo de campo y análisis de laboratorio de muestras con altos costos económicos. Los sensores remotos, en regiones del espectro electromagnético óptico, particularmente en el rango visible entre 0.4 y 0.6 µm, permiten determinar contrastes radiométricos asociados a la concentración relativa de sedimentos en cuerpos de agua. En este trabajo, se presenta un análisis de las principales propiedades o características espectrales, espaciales y radiométricas de los sensores remotos para la determinación de la concentración relativa de sedimentos en cuerpos de agua, un proceso metodológico para su cartografía en un momento determinado y en un periodo de tiempo establecido. Esta cartografía está basada en el procesamiento digital de las imágenes pero no en mediciones directas en campo. Finalmente se presentan aplicaciones en el litoral costero y deltaico de la parte suroccidental del mar Caribe colombiano entre Barranquilla y Punta Piedra y en la zona lacustre del Embalse del Guájaro y las Ciénagas del Jobo y Capote en la cuenca alta del Canal del Dique, Colombia.
Construções teóricas sobre o território e sua transição: A contribuição da Geografia brasileira
Authors: Fuini Lucas Labigalini 
Published: January 2017

El territorio es uno de los conceptos fundamentales de la ciencia geográfica. Actualmente, está cada vez más presente en los trabajos académicos que explican, de diferentes maneras, cómo la sociedad controla, se apropia y produce el espacio por medio de determinantes multidimensionales y multiescalares. En este artículo nos proponemos analizar, en profundidad, la caracterización que el concepto de territorio adquirió en la geografía científica construida en Brasil en el período de transición de la Modernidad a la Posmodernidad (desde finales de 1970 hasta el presente). Se trata de explorar el concepto en su naturaleza política, económica, social, cultural y didáctico-pedagógica.
Mortality in patients with esophageal and gastroesophageal tumors treated with self-expandable stents
Authors: Rendón Juliana , Oliveros Ricardo , Sánchez Ricardo 
Published: January 2017

Introduction: Esophageal cancer is an aggressive disease and is the eighth cause of malignant tumors worldwide. To treat dysphagia, auto expandable prosthesis (AEP) are used in order to optimize the nutritional status and quality of life of the patients.Objectives: To quantify patients’ mortality and to evaluate variables related with this outcome.Materials and methods: Retrospective cohort study that involved 135 patients with esophageal malignant obstruction that required AEP insertion. Survival and incidence density rates were estimated. The effect of these variables on the probability of death was assessed by using Cox models.Results: Overall mortality rate was 13.7 deaths per 100 patients/month (95%CI: 10.9-17.1). Univariate analysis showed significant differences in survival functions according to pre-intervention albumin levels and the prosthesis size (>12cm). In the Cox model, albumin level (HR=0.53, 95%CI 0.31 to 0.89) was the only significant result.Conclusions: AEP represent a therapeutic option to improve symptoms in patients with advanced esophageal and gastroesophageal junction tumors. This technique has few complications and its clinical success is around 90%. Patients’ nutritional status and length of the stenosis caused by the tumor are variables that must be evaluated before performing a procedure as they seem to be related to mortality.
Salmonella enteritidis meningitis in an infant: Case report and literature review
Authors: Cedeño-Burbano Anuar Alonso , Galeano-Triviño Gerardo Alfonso , Manquillo-Arias William Andrés , Muñoz-García David Andrés 
Published: January 2017

Salmonella meningitis is an entity with relatively low incidence. In developed countries, it represents 1% of meningitis cases while in developing countries it may occur in up to 13%. Its treatment is difficult and there is no consensus about it.This article presents the case of an infant with a clinical picture consisting of coughing, runny nose, fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, hyporexia and hypoactivity, with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) test compatible with bacterial meningitis and common germs culture positive for Salmonella spp, which was finally typified as Salmonella Enteritidis. The patient was mainly treated with meropenem showing favorable results.This case evidences the difficulty of antibiotic treatment for Salmonella spp meningitis, especially if it is taken into account that its management is based on case reports and expert recommendations due to the lack of randomized clinical trials.
Semi-solid slurry preparation, rheo-die casting and rheo-squeeze casting of an AZ91–2Ca–1.5Ce ignition-proof magnesium alloy by gas-bubbling process
Authors: Mao Jimei , Liu Wencai , Wu Guohua , Fan Jianfeng , Cheng Daqiang , Wei Guangling , Zhang Liang , Ding Wenjiang , Xie Chaoying 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
New Hybrid Inorganic/Organic Block Copolymers as Templates for
the Formation of Mesostructured Materials
Authors: Kickelbick Guido , Bauer Josef , Hüsing Nicola 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTAmphiphilic block copolymers were prepared with poly(dimethylsiloxane)
(PDMS) as the hydrophobic unit. The hydrophilic block was composed of either
a poly (ethylene oxide) or a functionalized polysiloxane unit. The polymer
based on polysiloxane blocks only, represents one of the first examples of a
new class of surfactants with a purely inorganic Si-O backbone. Beside their
potential use as templates for the synthesis of mesostructured inorganic
materials, these new polymers offer the possibility of being transformed
into porous mesostructured silica-based material by controlled
pyrolysis.
Cytotoxic Activity and Secondary Metabolite Characteristics of Sea Cucumber Actinopyga sp. Methanolic Extract
Authors: Nursid Muhammad , Maharani Afrilia Putri , Riyanti Riyanti , Marraskuranto Endar 
Published: January 2017

The objectives of this research were to assess cytotoxic activity and examine characteristic of sea cucumber Actinopyga sp. methanolic extract. Cytotoxicity assay was conducted using MTT method against WiDr (colon cancer) and T47D (breast cancer) cell lines. Actinopyga sp. methanolic extract was characterized by using phytochemical screening, Transform-Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, dan Liquid Chromatography Ion Trap Time of Flight Mass Spectrophotometer (LC-IT-ToF-MS). The result showed that Actinopyga sp. methanolic extract inhibited Widr and T47D cell lines viability with the IC50 value of 55.93 and 87.55 µg/mL, respectively. Functional groups analysis showed the presence of hydroxyl, amine, carboxylic acid, nitrate, amide, sulphur, ester, and ether. LC-IT-ToF-MS analysis of crude extract showed that it containing many steroids compound.
Liver abscess presentation and management: a retrospective study
Authors: T. Kemparaj , Khan Mohammed Rehan , Narayan Sagar 
Published: January 2017

Background: Liver abscess is defined as collection of purulent material in liver parenchyma which can be due to bacterial, parasitic, fungal, or mixed infection. It is a common condition across the globe. The aim was to study the clinical profile, microbiological aetiology, and investigation profile and treatment outcomes in patients with liver abscess.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted from January 2010 to December 2014 on 200 consecutive liver abscess patients at Bowring and Lady Curzon hospital, BMC and RI, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. Medical records were analysed for clinical features, examination findings, laboratory investigations, radiological tests, microbiological analysis and treatment modalities. Descriptive statistics were used.Results: The mean age of patients was 42.25 years. Majority were male alcoholics. The abscesses were commonly in right lobe (80%) and solitary (72%). Abscesses were predominantly amoebic in 72%. Percutaneous needle aspiration was done in 34%, pigtail drainage in 48% and surgical intervention for rupture in 4% patients. Mortality was 2.5% with all death reported in surgical group.Conclusions: Amoebic liver abscess is more common than pyogenic liver abscess. Commonly occurs in young alcoholic males. Most common presenting feature is pain abdomen followed by fever. Most common sign include tender hepatomegaly. Ultrasound abdomen is useful not only in diagnosis and intervention but also in the follow up of the condition and to assess resolution.