bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TRPC3-GEF-H1 axis mediates pressure overload-induced cardiac fibrosis
Authors: Numaga-Tomita Takuro , Kitajima Naoyuki , Kuroda Takuya , Nishimura Akiyuki , Miyano Kei , Yasuda Satoshi , Kuwahara Koichiro , Sato Yoji , Ide Tomomi , Birnbaumer Lutz , Sumimoto Hideki , Mori Yasuo , Nishida Motohiro 
Published: December 2016

AbstractStructural cardiac remodeling, accompanying cytoskeletal reorganization of cardiac cells, is a major clinical outcome of diastolic heart failure. A highly local Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane has been suggested to code signals to induce Rho GTPase-mediated fibrosis, but it is obscure how the heart specifically decodes the local Ca2+ influx as a cytoskeletal reorganizing signal under the conditions of the rhythmic Ca2+ handling required for pump function. We found that an inhibition of transient receptor potential canonical 3 (TRPC3) channel activity exhibited resistance to Rho-mediated maladaptive fibrosis in pressure-overloaded mouse hearts. Proteomic analysis revealed that microtubule-associated Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor, GEF-H1, participates in TRPC3-mediated RhoA activation induced by mechanical stress in cardiomyocytes and transforming growth factor (TGF) β stimulation in cardiac fibroblasts. We previously revealed that TRPC3 functionally interacts with microtubule-associated NADPH oxidase (Nox) 2, and inhibition of Nox2 attenuated mechanical stretch-induced GEF-H1 activation in cardiomyocytes. Finally, pharmacological TRPC3 inhibition significantly suppressed fibrotic responses in human cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts. These results strongly suggest that microtubule-localized TRPC3-GEF-H1 axis mediates fibrotic responses commonly in cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts induced by physico-chemical stimulation.
Ribavirin suppresses bacterial virulence by targeting LysR-type transcriptional regulators
Authors: Mandal Rahul Shubhra , Ta Atri , Sinha Ritam , Theeya Nagaraja , Ghosh Anirban , Tasneem Mohsina , Bhunia Anirban , Koley Hemanta , Das Santasabuj 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTargeting bacterial virulence mechanisms without compromising bacterial growth is a promising strategy to prevent drug resistance. LysR-type transcriptional regulators (LTTRs) possess structural conservation across bacterial species and regulate virulence in numerous pathogens, making them attractive targets for antimicrobial agents. We targeted AphB, a Vibrio cholerae LTTR, which regulates the expression of genes encoding cholera toxin and toxin-co-regulated pilus for inhibitor designing. Since AphB ligand is unknown, we followed a molecular fragment-based approach for ligand designing using FDA-approved drugs and subsequent screen to identify molecules that exhibited high-affinity binding to AphB ligand-binding pocket. Among the identified compounds, ribavirin, an anti-viral drug, antagonized AphB functions. Ribavirin perturbed Vibrio cholerae pathogenesis in animal models. The inhibitory effects of the drug was limited to the bacteria expressing wild type AphB, but not its constitutively active mutant (AphBN100E), which represents the ligand-bound state, suggesting that ribavirin binds to the active site of AphB to exert its inhibitory role and there exists no AphB-independent mechanism of its action. Similarly, ribavirin suppressed the functions of Salmonella Typhi LTTR Hrg, indicating its broad spectrum efficacy. Moreover, ribavirin did not affect the bacterial viability in culture. This study cites an example of drug repurposing for anti-infective therapy.
Decompressive Craniectomy (DC) - Comparative Study of 30-Day Mortality in Surgeries of Severe Brain Trauma with Subdural Hematoma, with and without DC
Authors: Bonadio Lucas , Mello Luis , Haas Leandro , Boer Vitor , Bernardes Celso , Lara Danielle , Cabral Filipe , Peres Gabriel , Lindner Stephanie 
Published: December 2016

Objective Compare 30 days mortality of patients harboring acute subdural hematomas in two series, one treated only by wide aspiration of hematoma and other with aspiration followed by decompressive craniectomy.
Methods Comparing retrospectively two series of ASD with and without DC. Involved 81 TBI patients with acute subdural hematoma and GCS ≤ 8 (Jan 2000 to Nov 2014) arranged into two groups. Group 1 - 58 cases underwent to DC. Group 2 - 23 patients underwent only hematoma aspiration.
Results Group 1 showed 44.8% mortality directly due to brain lesion within 30 days. The most frequent associated lesion were contusion in 37.2%. Group 2 the mortality within 30 days was 47.8%. The majority of deaths (82%) resulted from uncontrollable brain swelling, midline shift was present in 94.7% of patients.
Conclusion High admission GCS and age less than 50 remain better outcome predictor in 30 days survival for patients undergoing surgery of traumatic ASDH.
Kundenorientierung und Qualität im Krankenhaus – ein Paradigmenwechsel ist unverzichtbar!
Authors: Hellmann Wolfgang 
Published: December 2016

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung Bereitstellung von Anregungen für Krankenhäuser für eine neue Sicht auf Kundenorientierung und Qualität und Präsentation einer Konzeption für die RealisierungDie Rahmenbedingungen für das Krankenhaus haben sich verändert. Neue Patienten- und Mitarbeiterklientele, der zunehmende Frauenanteil und knappe Finanzen sind zentrale Herausforderungen für das Krankenhausmanagement.Eine ausschließliche Fokussierung auf die Bedürfnisse der Patienten ist deshalb nicht mehr zielführend. Es gilt auch die Bedürfnisse von Mitarbeitern und Einweisern angemessen zu erfüllen. Dies kann nur über eine neue Sicht von Qualität auf der Grundlage enger Zusammenarbeit aller Beteiligten im Krankenhaus gelingen.
Methodik Theoretische Überlegungen zu mehr Kundenorientierung und Qualität in Krankenhäusern im Kontext einschlägiger Literaturangaben anderer AutorenDie gegenwärtige Ausrichtung auf die Ergebnisqualität (eindimensionale Qualität) reicht nicht aus. Qualität im Krankenhaus muss mehr sein als Ergebnisqualität. Sie muss einschließen die Interessen von Mitarbeitern und Kooperationspartnern, die Strukturqualität, die Prozessqualität, die Managementqualität und die Wirtschaftlichkeit (multidimensionale Qualität). Die Sicherung multidimensionaler Qualität erfolgt durch das hausinterne Qualitätsmanagement. Es schafft die Basis für einen Paradigmenwechsel in der Gewährleistung von Ergebnisqualität nach dem Prinzip: Erst das interne Qualitätsmanagement, dann die externe Qualitätssicherung!
Ergebnisse Vorstellung eines Konzepts zur Implementierung übergreifender Kundenorientierung auf der Grundlage einer multidimensionalen Qualitätsperspektive. Differenzierung von Kundenorientierung und Qualität, Beschreibung von multidimensionaler Qualität und kooperativer Kundenorientierung, Überlegungen zur Optimierung der Zusammenarbeit im Krankenhaus.
Schlussfolgerung Der vorgestellte Ansatz trifft eine Lücke.Ein vergleichbares Konzept zur Implementierung erweiterter Kundenorientierung und Qualität gibt es bisher nach Wissen des Autors in Deutschland nicht.
A new voice: translating medical questionnaires
Authors: Povoroznyuk Roksolana , Dzerovych Nataliia , Povoroznyuk Vladyslav 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Medical translation is performed as a series of collaborative efforts from doctors and professional translators. Very often the results of their collaboration are medical questionnaires intended for patients. Medical survey instruments have proved their worth as reliable tools of a considerable predictive value, though their translation requires a specific methodology due to a culture-bound character of the material. Equivalence of the original and translated texts, translation quality, and the respondents’ ultimate satisfaction with the surveying practice depend to a great extent upon the degree of translator’s cultural competence, health literacy, and his/her awareness of the pragmatic and communicative aspects of translation. The task of producing and validating an accurate and fluently translated Ukrainian version of a disease-specific health-related quality-of-life instrument is exemplified by the IOF’s 1-min risk test, a 10-item questionnaire, designed to evaluate the likelihood of developing osteoporosis.
Recent development of collective Thomson scattering for magnetically confined fusion plasmas
Authors: Nielsen S K , Michelsen P K , Hansen S K , Korsholm S B , Leipold F , Rasmussen J , Salewski M , Schubert M , Stejner M , Stober J , Wagner D 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Here we review recent experimental developments within the field of collective Thomson scattering with a focus on the progress made on the devices TEXTOR and ASDEX Upgrade. We discuss recently discovered possibilities and limitations of the diagnostic technique. Diagnostic applications with respect to ion measurements are demonstrated. Examples include measurements of the ion temperature, energetic ion distribution function, and the ion composition.
Epidemiology of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in a Network of Long-Term Acute Care Hospitals
Authors: Han Jennifer H. , Goldstein Ellie J.C. , Wise Jacqueleen , Bilker Warren B. , Tolomeo Pam , Lautenbach Ebbing 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Background.
The rapid emergence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) represents a major public health threat, including in the long-term acute care hospital (LTACH) setting. Our objective in this study was to describe the epidemiologic characteristics of CRKP in a network of US LTACHs.

Methods.
An observational study was performed among 64 LTACHs from January 2014 to March 2015. Clinical cultures were included, with the first CRKP isolate recovered from each patient per study quarter evaluated. LTACH and geographic area–based CRKP prevalence and clinical and microbiologic characteristics were described.

Results.
A total of 3846 K. pneumoniae cultures were identified, with an overall carbapenem resistance rate of 24.6%. There were significant differences in CRKP rates across geographic regions, with the highest in the West (42.2%). Of 946 CRKP isolates, 507 (53.6%) were from a respiratory source, 350 (37.0%) from a urinary source, and 9 (9.4%) from blood. Among 821 unique patients with CRKP colonization or infection, the median age was 73 years. There was a high prevalence of respiratory failure (39.8%) and the presence of a central venous catheter (50.9%) or tracheostomy (64.8%). Resistance rates of CRKP isolates were high for amikacin (59.2%) and fluoroquinolones (&gt;97%). The resistance rate to colistin/polymyxin B was 16.1%.

Conclusions.
Nearly 25% of K. pneumoniae clinical isolates in a US network of LTACHs were CRKP. Expansion of national surveillance efforts and improved communication among LTACHs and acute care hospitals will be critical for reducing the continued emergence of CRKP across the healthcare continuum.
Structurally distinct oligomers of islet amyloid polypeptide mediate toxic and non-toxic membrane poration
Authors: Birol Melissa , Kumar Sunil , Rhoades Elizabeth , Miranker Andrew D. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryPeptide mediated gain-of-toxic function is central to pathology in Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and diabetes. In each system, self-assembly into oligomers is observed and can also result in poration of artificial membranes. Structural requirements for poration and the relationship of structure to cytotoxicity is unaddressed. Here, we focus on islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) mediated loss of insulin secreting cells in diabetics. Newly developed methods enable structure-function inquiry to focus on intracellular oligomers composed of hundreds of IAPP. The key insights are that porating oligomers are internally dynamic, grow in discrete steps and are not canonical amyloid. Moreover, two class of pores coexist; an IAPP-specific ligand establishes that only one is cytotoxic. Toxic rescue occurs by stabilizing non-toxic poration without displacing IAPP from mitochondria. These insights illuminate cytotoxic mechanism in diabetes and also provide a generalizable approach for inquiry applicable to other partially ordered protein assemblies.HighlightsThe peptide amyloid precursor, IAPP, forms two classes of membrane porating oligomers.The two classes have a >100-fold difference in pore size with the large pore form correlated with mitochondrial depolarization and toxicity.A drug-like molecule distinguishes between the two oligomer classes and rescues toxicity by stabilizing non-toxic poration without displacing IAPP from the mitochondria.The mechanism of pore-forming oligomer assembly includes stepwise coalescence of smaller, dynamic assemblies.
Žižekian ideas in critical reflection
Authors: Wall Tony 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine how deeper psychosocial structures can be examined utilising a contemporary provocative theory within workplace reflection to generate more radical insights and innovation.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper outlines a provocative theory and then presents case examples of how deeper structures can be examined at the micro, meso and macro levels.

Findings
Deeper psychosocial structures are the forces that keep the status quo firmly in place, but deeper examination of these structures enable radical insights and therefore the possibility of innovation.

Research limitations/implications
Deep psychosocial structures shape and constitute daily action, and so work-based and practitioner researchers can be tricked into thinking they have identified new ways of working, but may be demonstrating the same workplace behaviours/outcomes. Workplace behaviours, including emotional responses to apparent change, are key indicators of deeper structures.

Practical implications
Ideas and processes for examining deeper structures can be integrated into daily reflective practices by individuals, within organisational processes, and wider, system processes. However, because deeper structures can appear in different forms, we can be tricked into reproducing old structures.

Social implications
Examining deeper structures increases the possibilities for more radical insights into workplace structures, and therefore, how to potentially mobilise innovations which may better serve people and planet.

Originality/value
This paper is the first to examine the work of Slavoj Žižek in the context of work-based learning.
Future proofing of tourism entrepreneurship in Oman: challenges and prospects
Authors: Khan Firdouse Rahman , Krishnamurthy Jayashree 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the various factors that inhibit tourism student’s inclination toward tourism-related entrepreneurial activities in Oman.

Design/methodology/approach
The study was conducted with 223 students of tourism studies who were selected on simple random sampling basis and were contacted through a well-defined questionnaire.

Findings
The study reveals that the factors like non-discrimination of gender, promotion opportunities and physical working conditions play a crucial role in motivating students to take up tourism-related career. The empirical results also reveal that the high risk of accidents, non-tourism spouse preferences and Omani traditional values discourage tourism. Thus, a natural growth toward setting up of such tourism-related entrepreneurial activities is thwarted.

Research limitations/implications
The study was restricted to undergraduate students of tourism studies in and around Muscat, Oman. The study could be extended to know the insight of the personnel involved in the entire tourism sector in Oman.

Practical implications
The study demonstrates that there is a strong association between the motivating factors and the various reasons that encourage studying tourism. The main factors impeding entrepreneurship tourism are the insufficiency of capital, lack of awareness about the ongoing programmes as well as the lack of entrepreneurial skills.

Social implications
There exists necessity for the government and the related sponsoring institutions to create an ecosystem that facilitates and encourages tourism entrepreneurs. This will in turn help in the process of diversifying Oman’s future economy toward tourism.

Originality/value
Very few studies have examined the entrepreneurship tourism in Oman for sustainable development, and it is a first-hand study of its kind.
The Crisis of German Social Democracy Revisited
Authors: Dostal Jörg Michael 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis article analyses the dramatic electoral decline of German social democracy since 2003. It argues that the SPD's decision, under the leadership of former Chancellor Gerhard Schröder, to engage in welfare state retrenchment and labour market deregulation during the ‘Hartz reforms’ (2003–05) demoralised the SPD electorate. The SPD subsequently lost half of its former electoral coalition, namely blue‐collar voters and socially disadvantaged groups, while efforts to gain access to centrist and middle‐class voters have failed to produce any compensating gains. While the SPD's decline from a large to a mid‐sized party is part of a larger transformation of the German party system, no political recovery is possible for social democracy without a fundamental change of strategy, namely efforts to regain former voters by offering credible social welfare and redistributive policies. The SPD will not be able to delegate such policies in a ‘convoy model’ to other parties, such as the Left Party; nor will a modest ‘correction’ of the earlier course, such as has been attempted since 2009 under the leadership of current party chairman Sigmar Gabriel, be sufficient to recover lost electoral ground.
Dilemmas and Disappointments: Progressive Politics 1896–2016
Authors: Morgan Kenneth O. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAttempts at a Labour–Liberal Democrat Progressive Alliance came to nothing prior to the 1997 general election. The original idea of progressivism, first mooted in Britain in 1896, was an American one. Suggestions for a progressive alliance in the UK came from Lloyd George in 1914, and then again in 1931, each time with little effect. Nothing emerged after 1945 until the Lib–Lab pact negotiated by Callaghan and Steel in 1977, which led to electoral misfortune for both and the rise and fall of the SDP. In 2010 a coalition between the Lib Dems (under Clegg) and the Conservatives was always much the more likely option. Most Labour people no longer saw the Lib Dems as a party of the left. The Coalition Agreement in 2010 showed the idea of an alliance to be a centrist, elitist one with little grass‐roots support. Such an alliance would flourish through abstract pressure groups rather than popular democracy, especially with a Labour party led by Corbyn. In the US and the UK, progressivism went badly wrong in its politics: Theodore Roosevelt's New Nationalist campaign of 1912 divided American reformers fatally, as did Lloyd George's postwar Coalition in Britain after 1918. Now, even after Brexit, a progressive alliance seems further away than ever. The story of the ‘Progressive Dilemma’ remains one of unrealistic projects, invariably disappointed.
Where Do We Go from Here?
Authors: Rutherford Jonathan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe left needs a fundamental rethinking of its politics for a new era. The first task is to understand the contemporary conjuncture: the dynamic combination of events and circumstances which structure a political settlement. Two such conjunctures have occurred in recent history. The first produced the postwar welfare settlement of 1945, which broke down in the economic crisis of the 1970s. The second took shape in the 1980s around the revival of liberal market economics and what became known as Thatcherism. It failed following the 2008 financial crash, and has begun to break apart with the vote to leave the EU. New political and cultural faultlines are confounding the orthodoxies of the governing class and cutting across the partisan loyalties of the main political parties. They herald the renewal of politics. But Labour is on the edge of an abyss. This article considers what the left can learn from Labour's previous periods of defeat and revisionism, and suggests where—if it survives—it should go next.
A Genome‐Scale Modeling Approach to Quantify Biofilm Component Growth of Salmonella Typhimurium
Authors: Ribaudo Nicholas , Li Xianhua , Davis Brett , Wood Thomas K. , Huang Zuyi (Jacky) 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSalmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) is an extremely dangerous foodborne bacterium that infects both animal and human subjects, causing fatal diseases around the world. Salmonella's robust virulence, antibiotic‐resistant nature, and capacity to survive under harsh conditions are largely due to its ability to form resilient biofilms. Multiple genome‐scale metabolic models have been developed to study the complex and diverse nature of this organism's metabolism; however, none of these models fully integrated the reactions and mechanisms required to study the influence of biofilm formation. This work developed a systems‐level approach to study the adjustment of intracellular metabolism of S. typhimurium during biofilm formation. The most advanced metabolic reconstruction currently available, STM_v1.0, was 1st extended to include the formation of the extracellular biofilm matrix. Flux balance analysis was then employed to study the influence of biofilm formation on cellular growth rate and the production rates of biofilm components. With biofilm formation present, biomass growth was examined under nutrient rich and nutrient deficient conditions, resulting in overall growth rates of 0.8675 and 0.6238 h−1 respectively. Investigation of intracellular flux variation during biofilm formation resulted in the elucidation of 32 crucial reactions, and associated genes, whose fluxes most significantly adapt during the physiological response. Experimental data were found in the literature to validate the importance of these genes for the biofilm formation of S. typhimurium. This preliminary investigation on the adjustment of intracellular metabolism of S. typhimurium during biofilm formation will serve as a platform to generate hypotheses for further experimental study on the biofilm formation of this virulent bacterium.
Frequency Distribution in Domestic Microwave Ovens and Its Influence on Heating Pattern
Authors: Luan Donglei , Wang Yifen , Tang Juming , Jain Deepali 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn this study, snapshots of operating frequency profiles of domestic microwave ovens were collected to reveal the extent of microwave frequency variations under different operation conditions. A computer simulation model was developed based on the finite difference time domain method to analyze the influence of the shifting frequency on heating patterns of foods in a microwave oven. The results showed that the operating frequencies of empty and loaded domestic microwave ovens varied widely even among ovens of the same model purchased on the same date. Each microwave oven had its unique characteristic operating frequencies, which were also affected by the location and shape of the load. The simulated heating patterns of a gellan gel model food when heated on a rotary plate agreed well with the experimental results, which supported the reliability of the developed simulation model. Simulation indicated that the heating patterns of a stationary model food load changed with the varying operating frequency. However, the heating pattern of a rotary model food load was not sensitive to microwave frequencies due to the severe edge heating overshadowing the effects of the frequency variations.