bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mainstreaming and Maintaining: Perspectives of Social Justice from HBCU PETE Alumni
Authors: Clark Langston , Heaven Anthony , Shah Usman 
Published: April 2016

PurposeThe primary purpose of this study was to garner the perspectives of teaching for social justice (TSJ) and teacher education for social justice from individuals who were previously or currently are affiliated with physical education teacher education (PETE) programs at historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs). A second purpose was to elucidate the meaning of TSJ as it pertains to PETE faculty who were once students of color at HBCUs. Participants: The participants were five Black Americans (three men and two women) alumni of HBCUs.Method:The research design was descriptive-qualitative using an interviewing approach for data collection, which also included artifact analysis. (Gay, 1996). Specifically, primary data were collected through semistructured in depth interviews. Data analysis occurred through the usage of immersion.Results:The emergent themes were: mainstreaming and maintaining, intergenerational justice, and different and divergent.Conclusion:Results of this study indicate that: the nature of social justice is contextual; HBCUs prepare students to teach within both the mainstream and Black communities; and that values and practices related to social justice are passed from teacher educator to teacher education student.
A 5′ Nuclease Genotyping Assay for Identification of Macrolide-Resistant Mycoplasma genitalium in Clinical Specimens
Authors: Kristiansen Gitte Qvist , Lisby Jan Gorm , Schønning Kristian 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Rapid and sensitive detection of macrolide resistance in
Mycoplasma genitalium
is required for the guidance of adequate antimicrobial treatment. Previous studies have confirmed that single-base mutations at position 2058 or 2059 in domain V of the 23S rRNA gene of
M. genitalium
result in high-level macrolide resistance. Sequencing of PCR products remains the gold standard for the identification of mutations conferring resistance to macrolides but is laborious and time-consuming. The aim of the present study was to develop a 5′ nuclease genotyping assay to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms in the 23S rRNA gene of
Mycoplasma genitalium
that are associated with macrolide resistance by combining PCR with hydrolysis probes and subsequent endpoint genotyping analysis. The 5′ nuclease genotyping assay was used as a referral test to be used on
M. genitalium
-positive samples and was validated on 259 positive samples, of which 253 (97.7%) were successfully sequenced. With the newly developed assay, 237/259 (91.5%) investigated
M. genitalium
-positive samples were genotyped. The positive and the negative predictive values were 100% when evaluated on successfully genotyped samples. The newly developed assay discriminated macrolide-resistant
M. genitalium
in clinical specimens possessing A2058G, A2058C, A2058T, and A2059G mutations with a sensitivity of 94.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 90.7% to 98.2%) and a specificity of 92.7% (95% CI, 87.8% to 97.6%) when evaluated on successfully sequenced samples. The assay can correctly guide antimicrobial treatment of
M. genitalium
infections.
Dientamoeba fragilis, One of the Neglected Intestinal Protozoa
Authors: Garcia Lynne S. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Dientamoeba fragilis
is a single-celled protozoan, closely related to the trichomonads. Reported worldwide as causing human gastrointestinal symptoms,
D. fragilis
is very common and is second only to
Blastocystis
spp. Dientamoebiasis equals or exceeds the incidence of giardiasis. This minireview includes diagnostic options, clinical relevance, therapy, an animal model, the confirmed cyst stage, and sequencing data. The development of a rodent model, fulfilling Koch's postulates, and the confirmation of a cyst stage have clarified transmission routes, including fecal-oral transmission. The prevalence of
D. fragilis
varies between 0% to over 82%; results depend on the geographic location, group studied, and diagnostic methods used.
Development of a Novel Cocktail Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and a Field-Applicable Lateral-Flow Rapid Test for Diagnosis of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia
Authors: Heller Martin , Gicheru Nimmo , Tjipura-Zaire Georgina , Muriuki Cecilia , Yu Mingyan , Botelho Ana , Naessens Jan , Jores Joerg , Liljander Anne 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is a severe respiratory disease that is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa. It is caused by
Mycoplasma mycoides
subsp.
mycoides
, a bacterium belonging to the
Mycoplasma mycoides
cluster. In the absence of an efficient CBPP vaccine, improved and easy-to-use diagnostic assays for recurrent testing combined with isolation and treatment of positive animals represent an option for CBPP control in Africa. Here we describe the comprehensive screening of 17 immunogenic
Mycoplasma mycoides
subsp.
mycoides
proteins using well-characterized bovine sera for the development of a novel cocktail enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for laboratory use. Two recombinant
Mycoplasma
immunogens, MSC_0136 and MSC_0636, were used to set up a standardized cocktail ELISA protocol. According to the results from more than 100 serum samples tested, the sensitivity and specificity of the novel cocktail ELISA were 85.6% and 96.4%, respectively, with an overall diagnostic accuracy comparable to that of the Office International des Epizooties (OIE)-prescribed serological assays. In addition, we provide a proof of principle for a field-applicable, easy-to-use commercially produced prototype lateral-flow test for rapid (<30-min) diagnosis of CBPP.
Epidemiology of pertussis-related paediatric intensive care unit (ICU) admissions in Australia, 1997–2013: an observational study
Authors: Kaczmarek Marlena C , Ware Robert S , McEniery Julie A , Coulthard Mark G , Lambert Stephen B 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveTo review the epidemiology of pertussis-related intensive care unit (ICU) admissions across Australia, over a 17-year period.DesignRetrospective descriptive study.SettingAustralian ICUs contributing data to the Australian and New Zealand Paediatric Intensive Care (ANZPIC) Registry. The number of contributing ICUs increased over the study period, from 8 specialist paediatric ICUs in 1997 to 8 specialist paediatric and 13 general ICUs in 2013.ParticipantsAll paediatric (<16 years) ICU admissions, coded as pertussis-related, between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 2013.ResultsA total of 373 pertussis-coded ICU admissions were identified in the ANZPIC Registry over the study period. Of these cases, 52.8% occurred during the 4 years of the recent Australian epidemic (2009–2012). ICU admissions were most likely to occur in infants aged younger than 6 weeks (41.8%, n=156) and aged 6 weeks to 4 months (42.9%, n=160). The median length of stay for pertussis-related ICU admissions was 3.6 days, with 77.5% of cases staying in ICU for <7 days. Approximately half of all admissions (54.8%) required some form of respiratory support, with 32.7% requiring invasive respiratory support. Over the study period, 23 deaths were recorded (6.2% of pertussis-related ICU admissions), of which 20 (87.0%) were infants <4 months old.ConclusionsPertussis-related ICU admissions occur primarily in infants too young to be fully protected from active immunisation. More needs to be done to protect these high-risk infants, such as maternal immunisation.
Stroke survivors and their families receive information and support on an individual basis from an online forum: descriptive analysis of a population of 2348 patients and qualitative study of a sample of participants
Authors: De Simoni Anna , Shanks Andrew , Balasooriya-Smeekens Chantal , Mant Jonathan 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveTo describe the characteristics of participants of an online stroke forum, their reasons for posting in the forum and whether responses addressed users' needs.MethodsDescriptive analysis of the population of 2004–2011 archives of Talkstroke, the online forum of the Stroke Association, and comparison with patients admitted to hospital with stroke (Sentinel Stroke National Audit Programme, SSNAP). Thematic analysis of posts from a sample of 59 participants representative of age at stroke and sex.SettingsUK.Main outcome measuresCharacteristics of participants: age, sex, survivor versus patient by third party, side of stroke (R, L), social class; (from the sample of 59 participants): level of disability, stroke type, classification of users' intents for writing a post in the forum, quantification of needs addressed by the forum, topics of discussion.Participants2348 participants (957 stroke survivors, 1391 patients with stroke talked about by third party).ResultsPatients of both sexes and from a wide range of ages at stroke (0 to 95 years) and degrees of disability were represented in the forum, although younger than the UK stroke population (mean age 52 years vs 77 years in SSNAP). Analysis of 841 posts showed that the main users' intents for writing in the forum were requests/offers of information and support (58%) and sharing own experiences of stroke (35%). Most information needs were around stroke-related physical impairments, understanding the cause of stroke and the potential for recovery. Up to 95% of the users' intents were met by the replies received.ConclusionsPatients' needs expressed in the online forum confirm and widen the evidence from traditional research studies, showing that such forums are a potential resource for studying needs in this population. The forum provided an opportunity for patients and families to give and receive advice and social support.
Development of patient decision support tools for motor neuron disease using stakeholder consultation: a study protocol
Authors: Hogden Anne , Greenfield David , Caga Jashelle , Cai Xiongcai 
Published: April 2016

IntroductionMotor neuron disease (MND) is a terminal, progressive, multisystem disorder. Well-timed decisions are key to effective symptom management. To date, there are few published decision support tools, also known as decision aids, to guide patients in making ongoing choices for symptom management and quality of life. This protocol is to develop and validate decision support tools for patients and families to use in conjunction with health professionals in MND multidisciplinary care. The tools will inform patients and families of the benefits and risks of each option, as well as the consequences of accepting or declining treatment.Methods and analysisThe study is being conducted from June 2015 to May 2016, using a modified Delphi process. A 2-stage, 7-step process will be used to develop the tools, based on existing literature and stakeholder feedback. The first stage will be to develop the decision support tools, while the second stage will be to validate both the tools and the process used to develop them. Participants will form expert panels, to provide feedback on which the development and validation of the tools will be based. Participants will be drawn from patients with MND, family carers and health professionals, support association workers, peak body representatives, and MND and patient decision-making researchers.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for the study has been granted by Macquarie University Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC), approval number 5201500658. Knowledge translation will be conducted via publications, seminar and conference presentations to patients and families, health professionals and researchers.
Charge relaxation and recombination in photo-excited Mott insulators
Authors: Prelovšek P. , Lenarčič Z. 
Published: April 2016

Recent femtosecond pump-probe experiments on Mott insulators reveal charge recombination, which is in picosecond range, i.e., much faster than in clean bandgap semiconductors although excitation gaps in Mott insulators are even larger. The charge response in photo-excited insulators can be generally divided in femtosecond transient relaxation of charge excitations, which are holons and doublons, and a second slower, but still very fast, holon–doublon (HD) recombination. We present a theory of the recombination rate of the excited HD pairs, based on the two-dimensional (2D) model relevant for cuprates, which shows that such fast processes can be explained even quantitatively with the multi-magnon emission. We show that the condition for the exponential decay as observed in the experiment is the existence of the exciton, i.e., the bound HD pair. Its recombination rate is exponentially dependent on the charge gap and on the magnon energy, while the ultrafast process can be traced back to strong charge-spin coupling. We comment also fast recombination times in the one-dimensional (1D) Mott insulators, as e.g., organic salts. The recombination rate in the latter cases can be explained with the stronger coupling with phonon excitations.
Molecular dynamics study of diffusion of krypton in water at different temperatures
Authors: Bhandari Dipendra , Adhikari N. P. 
Published: April 2016

Molecular dynamics study of diffusion of two krypton atoms in 300 SPC/E water molecules at temperatures 293, 303, 313, 323 and 333 K has been carried out. Self-diffusion coefficient of krypton and water along with their mutual diffusion coefficients are estimated. Self-diffusion coefficient for krypton is calculated by using Mean Square Displacement (MSD) method and Velocity Autocorrelation (VACF) method, while that for water is calculated by using MSD method only. The mutual diffusion coefficient is estimated by using the Darken’s relation. The diffusion coefficients are found to follow the Arrhenius behavior. The structural properties of the system have been estimated by the study of solute–solute, solvent–solvent, and solute–solvent Radial Distribution Function (RDF).
An Analysis of Age, Technology Usage, and Cognitive Characteristics Within Information Retrieval Tasks
Authors: Crabb Michael , Hanson Vicki L. 
Published: April 2016

This work presents two studies that aim to discover whether age can be used as a suitable metric for distinguishing performance between individuals or if other factors can provide greater insight. Information retrieval tasks are used to test the performance of these factors. First, a study is introduced that examines the effect that fluid intelligence and Internet usage has on individuals. Second, a larger study is reported on that examines a collection of Internet and cognitive factors in order to determine to what extent each of these metrics can account for disorientation in users.
This work adds to growing evidence showing that age is not a suitable metric to distinguish between individuals within the field of human-computer interaction. It shows that factors such as previous Internet experience and fluid-based cognitive abilities can be used to gain better insight into users’ reported browsing experience during information retrieval tasks.
Full-Stack Architecting to Achieve a Billion-Requests-Per-Second Throughput on a Single Key-Value Store Server Platform
Authors: Li Sheng , Lim Hyeontaek , Lee Victor W. , Ahn Jung Ho , Kalia Anuj , Kaminsky Michael , Andersen David G. , O Seongil , Lee Sukhan , Dubey Pradeep 
Published: April 2016

Distributed in-memory key-value stores (KVSs), such as memcached, have become a critical data serving layer in modern Internet-oriented data center infrastructure. Their performance and efficiency directly affect the QoS of web services and the efficiency of data centers. Traditionally, these systems have had significant overheads from inefficient network processing, OS kernel involvement, and concurrency control. Two recent research thrusts have focused on improving key-value performance. Hardware-centric research has started to explore specialized platforms including FPGAs for KVSs; results demonstrated an order of magnitude increase in throughput and energy efficiency over stock memcached. Software-centric research revisited the KVS application to address fundamental software bottlenecks and to exploit the full potential of modern commodity hardware; these efforts also showed orders of magnitude improvement over stock memcached.
We aim at architecting high-performance and efficient KVS platforms, and start with a rigorous architectural characterization across system stacks over a collection of representative KVS implementations. Our detailed full-system characterization not only identifies the critical hardware/software ingredients for high-performance KVS systems but also leads to guided optimizations atop a recent design to achieve a record-setting throughput of 120 million requests per second (MRPS) (167MRPS with client-side batching) on a single commodity server. Our system delivers the best performance and energy efficiency (RPS/watt) demonstrated to date over existing KVSs including the best-published FPGA-based and GPU-based claims. We craft a set of design principles for future platform architectures, and via detailed simulations demonstrate the capability of achieving a billion RPS with a single server constructed following our principles.
SOCS3 Modulates the Response to Enzalutamide and Is Regulated by Androgen Receptor Signaling and CpG Methylation in Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Handle Florian , Erb Holger H.H. , Luef Birgit , Hoefer Julia , Dietrich Dimo , Parson Walther , Kristiansen Glen , Santer Frédéric R. , Culig Zoran 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe proinflammatory cytokine IL6 is associated with bad prognosis in prostate cancer and implicated in progression to castration resistance. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) is an IL6-induced negative feedback regulator of the IL6/Janus kinase (JAK)/STAT3 pathway. This study reveals that the SOCS3 promoter is hypermethylated in cancerous regions compared with adjacent benign tissue in prostate cancer using methylation-specific qPCR. A series of in vitro experiments was performed to assess the functional impact of low SOCS3 expression during anti-androgen treatment. Using lentivirus-mediated knockdown, it was demonstrated for the first time that SOCS3 regulates IL6/JAK/STAT3 signaling in androgen receptor–positive LNCaP cells. In addition, SOCS3 mRNA is upregulated by the anti-androgens bicalutamide and enzalutamide. This effect is caused by androgen receptor–mediated suppression of IL6ST and JAK1 expression, which leads to altered STAT3 signaling. Functionally, knockdown of SOCS3 led to enhanced androgen receptor activity after 3 weeks of enzalutamide treatment in an inflammatory setting. Furthermore, the stemness/self-renewal associated genes SOX2 and NANOG were strongly upregulated by the long-term treatment, and modulation of SOCS3 expression was sufficient to counteract this effect. These findings prove that SOCS3 plays an important role during anti-androgen treatment in an inflammatory environment.Implications: SOCS3 is frequently inactivated by promoter hypermethylation in prostate cancer, which disrupts the feedback regulation of IL6 signaling and leads to reduced efficacy of enzalutamide in the presence of inflammatory cytokines. Mol Cancer Res; 14(6); 574–85. ©2016 AACR.
Activated protein C protects against renal ischaemia/reperfusion injury, independent of its anticoagulant properties
Authors: Lattenist Lionel , Jansen Marcel , Teske Gwendoline , Claessen Nike , Meijers Joost , Rezaie Alireza , Esmon Charles , Florquin Sandrine , Roelofs Joris 
Published: April 2016

SummaryAcute renal failure, a serious condition characterised by a drastic decline in renal function, often follows ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) episodes. I/R is characterised by necrosis, inflammation and activation of coagulation, in concert causing renal tissue damage. In this context, activated protein C (APC) might be of importance in the pathogenesis of renal I/R. APC is a serine protease which has anticoagulant but also several anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects such as protection of endothelial barrier function. It was our objective to study the role of cytoprotective and anticoagulant functions of APC during renal I/R. C57BL/6j mice subjected to renal I/R were treated with intraperitoneally injected exogenous human APC, or two mutant forms of APC(200 µg/kg) which specifically lack anticoagulant or signalling properties. In a different experiment mice received specific monoclonal antibodies (20 mg/kg) that block the cytoprotective and/or anticoagulant properties of endogenous APC. Treatment with APC reduced tubular injury and enhanced renal function without altering the inflammatory response and did reduce renal fibrin deposition. Administration of APC mutant lacking anticoagulant properties reduced renal damage and enhanced renal function. Blocking the anticoagulant and cytoprotective functions of endogenous APC resulted in elevated tubular damage and reduced tubular cell proliferation, however, without influencing renal function or the inflammatory response. Furthermore, blocking both the anticoagulant and cytoprotective effects of APC resulted in dramatic renal interstitial haemorrhage, indicative of impaired vascular integrity. Blocking only the anticoagulant function of APC did not result in interstitial bleeding. In conclusion, the renoprotective effect of APC during I/R is independent of its anticoagulant properties.
The functions of the A1A2A3 domains in von Willebrand factor include multimerin 1 binding
Authors: Parker D'Andra , Tasneem Subia , Farndale Richard , Bihan Dominique , Sadler J. , Sebastian Silvie , De Groot Philip , Hayward Catherine 
Published: April 2016

SummaryMultimerin 1 (MMRN1) is a massive, homopolymeric protein that is stored in platelets and endothelial cells for activation-induced release. In vitro, MMRN1 binds to the outer surfaces of activated platelets and endothelial cells, the extracellular matrix (including collagen) and von Willebrand factor (VWF) to support platelet adhesive functions. VWF associates with MMRN1 at high shear, not static conditions, suggesting that shear exposes cryptic sites within VWF that support MMRN1 binding. Modified ELISA and surface plasmon resonance were used to study the structural features of VWF that support MMRN1 binding, and determine the affinities for VWF-MMRN1 binding. High shear microfluidic platelet adhesion assays determined the functional consequences for VWF-MMRN1 binding. VWF binding to MMRN1 was enhanced by shear exposure and ristocetin, and required VWF A1A2A3 region, specifically the A1 and A3 domains. VWF A1A2A3 bound to MMRN1 with a physiologically relevant binding affinity (KD: 2.0 ± 0.4 nM), whereas the individual VWF A1 (KD: 39.3 ± 7.7 nM) and A3 domains (KD: 229 ± 114 nM) bound to MMRN1 with lower affinities. VWF A1A2A3 was also sufficient to support the adhesion of resting platelets to MMRN1 at high shear, by a mechanism dependent on VWF-GPIbD binding. Our study provides new information on the molecular basis of MMRN1 binding to VWF, and its role in supporting platelet adhesion at high shear. We propose that at sites of vessel injury, MMRN1 that is released following activation of platelets and endothelial cells, binds to VWF A1A2A3 region to support platelet adhesion at arterial shear rates.