bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: comparative efficacy of biologics for induction and maintenance of mucosal healing in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis controlled trials
Authors: Cholapranee A. , Hazlewood G. S , Kaplan G. G. , Peyrin‐Biroulet L. , Ananthakrishnan A. N. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryBackgroundMucosal healing is an important therapeutic endpoint in the management of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Limited data exist regarding the comparative efficacy of various therapies in achieving this outcome.AimTo perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis of biologics for induction and maintenance of mucosal healing in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.MethodsWe performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) examining mucosal healing as an endpoint of immunosuppressives, anti‐tumour necrosis factor α (anti‐TNF) or anti‐integrin monoclonal antibody therapy for moderate‐to‐severe CD or UC. Pooled effect sizes for induction and maintenance of mucosal healing were calculated and pairwise treatment comparisons evaluated using a Bayesian network meta‐analysis.ResultsA total of 12 RCTs were included in the meta‐analysis (CD – 2 induction, 4 maintenance; UC – 8 induction, 5 maintenance). Duration of follow‐up was 6–12 weeks for induction and 32‐54 weeks for maintenance trials. In CD, anti‐TNFs were more effective than placebo for maintaining mucosal healing [28% vs. 1%, Odds ratio (OR) 19.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.51–110.84]. In UC, anti‐TNFs and anti‐integrins were more effective than placebo for inducing (45% vs. 30%) and maintaining mucosal healing (33% vs. 18%). In network analysis, adalimumab therapy was inferior to infliximab [OR 0.45, 95% credible interval (CrI) 0.25–0.82] and combination infliximab‐azathioprine (OR 0.32, 95% CrI 0.12–0.84) for inducing mucosal healing in UC. There was no statistically significant pairwise difference between vedolizumab and anti‐TNF agents in UC.ConclusionsAnti‐TNF and anti‐integrin biological agents are effective in inducing mucosal healing in UC, with adalimumab being inferior to infliximab or combination therapy. Infliximab and adalimumab were similar in CD.
Factors determining e‐learning service quality
Authors: Uppal Muhammad Amaad , Ali Samnan , Gulliver Stephen R. 
Published: March 2017

Abstracte‐Learning courses are fast becoming common‐place, yet the success of these online courses varies considerably. Since limited research addresses the issue of e‐learning quality (ELQ) of service in higher education environments, there is an increasing need to effectively assess ELQ. In this paper, we argue that to obtain a satisfactory e‐learning student experience, we must offer more than access to learning material. The research proposes an extended SERVQUAL model, the ELQ model, which in addition to key service constructs, facilitates consideration of both information and system quality factors. Exploratory Factor Analysis is conducted to investigate the reliability and validity of the measurement model, and multiple regression analysis is used to test the research model. Data analysis reveals that Assurance, Responsiveness, Tangibility, Course Website and Learning Content have a positive correlation with the perception of ELQ. e‐Learning students value a stable, and easy to use e‐learning environment, yet do not perceive empathy and reliability as significant to student perception of ELQ.
Dysregulated Fear, Social Inhibition, and Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia: A Replication and Extension
Authors: Buss Kristin A. , Davis Elizabeth L. , Ram Nilam , Coccia Michael 
Published: March 2017

Behavioral inhibition indicates increased risk for development of social anxiety. Recent work has identified a pattern of dysregulated fear (DF), characterized by high fear in low‐threat situations, that provides a more precise marker of developmental risk through early childhood. This study tested a new longitudinal sample of children (n = 124) from ages 24 to 48 months. Replicating prior findings, at 24 months, we identified a pattern of fearful behavior across contexts marked by higher fear to putatively low‐threat situations. DF was associated with higher parental report of social inhibition at 24, 36, and 48 months. Extending prior findings, we observed differences in cardiac physiology during fear‐eliciting situations, suggesting that the neurobiological underpinnings of DF relate to difficulty with regulation.
Ethnic‐Racial Identity and Friendships in Early Adolescence
Authors: Rivas‐Drake Deborah , Umaña‐Taylor Adriana J. , Schaefer David R. , Medina Michael 
Published: March 2017

The current study examined how adolescents' ethnic‐racial identity (ERI) informed the demographic diversity of their friendship network (Goal 1) and the extent of similarity between adolescents' and their friends' ERI (Goal 2). Participants were sixth and seventh grade students (N = 353; Mage = 11.88, SD = .73; 50% girls; 29% African American, 31% White, 13% Latino) in the Midwestern U.S. Results from longitudinal cross‐lagged models (Goal 1) indicated that having more diverse friendships at T2 was associated with greater T3 ERI exploration among all youth. In addition, boys who reported higher ERI resolution at T1 had more diverse friendships at T2. Furthermore, findings from longitudinal social network analyses (SNA; Goal 2) suggested that influence drove similarity between adolescents and their friends in ERI exploration and resolution.
Identification of a HERV-K env surface peptide highly recognized in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients: a cross-sectional case–control study
Authors: Mameli G , Erre G L , Caggiu E , Mura S , Cossu D , Bo M , Cadoni M L , Piras A , Mundula N , Colombo E , Buscetta G , Passiu G , Sechi L A 
Published: March 2017

Summary
Endogenous retroviruses (HERV) are believed to be pathogenic in several autoimmune diseases. Among them, HERV-K viruses have been reported recently to be involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study we have explored the role of humoral immune response against HERV-K as a potential pathogenetic mechanism in RA. Four different peptides from the extracellular portion of the env protein of HERV-K (env-su19–37, env-su109–126, env-su164–186, env-su209–226) were selected by bioinformatic analysis on the basis of their putative immunogenicity. Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was then carried out to quantify antibodies against those peptides on blood samples of 70 consecutive RA patients and 71 healthy controls (HC). Differences between the two groups were analysed using the Mann–Whitney test. Potential correlations between RA laboratory, clinical descriptors and immunoglobulin (Ig)G levels were explored by bivariate regression analysis. Serum autoantibodies against one of four tested peptides of HERV-K (env-su19–37) were significantly higher in RA than in HC (19 versus 3%, P = 0·0025). Subgroup analysis showed no association between anti-HERV-K peptide humoral response and clinical, serological and clinimetric RA disease descriptors. Serum from RA patients in our series reacted significantly against HERV-K env-su19–37 peptide in comparison to the general population suggesting a role for the HERV-K- related, secondary antigenic-driven immune response in the pathogenesis of RA. Further studies are needed to confirm these results and to explore the role of this HERV-K surface peptide as a potential therapeutic target.
Impaired quality of life in patients with treated acromegaly despite long‐term biochemically stable disease: Results from a 5‐years prospective study
Authors: Kyriakakis Nikolaos , Lynch Julie , Gilbey Stephen G. , Webb Susan M. , Murray Robert D. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryObjectivePatients with acromegaly demonstrate impaired quality of life (QoL), but data on long‐term QoL changes in treated acromegaly are limited. This study evaluates and identifies factors that influence QoL in patients with long‐term biochemical remission.DesignThe study consists of a cross‐sectional arm comparing QoL between patients with treated and controlled acromegaly and healthy controls; and a longitudinal arm assessing QoL changes in patients with biochemically stable disease during 5.7±0.6 years of follow‐up.PatientsA total of 58 patients and 116 matched controls were recruited for the cross‐sectional arm; 28 patients completed the longitudinal arm.MeasurementsThree generic questionnaires (Psychological General Well‐Being Schedule [PGWBS], 36‐item Short‐Form [SF‐36], EuroQoL [EQ‐5D]) and the disease‐specific acromegaly QoL questionnaire (AcroQoL) were applied.ResultsQuality of life assessment was performed 11.6±8.2 years following diagnosis and treatment of acromegaly. Patients with treated acromegaly had lower QoL scores compared with controls in all questionnaires with the exception of the PGWBS “Anxiety” subscale. The AcroQoL “Appearance” subscale and the “Physical Function” subscales of the remaining questionnaires were the most underscored domains. No difference in the total and subscale scores of all questionnaires was observed between baseline and follow‐up, with the exception of the SF‐36 “Physical Function,” where a decline was found (58.5±24.7% vs 43.1±31.1%; P=.002). However, after adjusting for covariates, no significant change in any of the QoL scores was seen. Duration of IGF‐1/GH control was positively correlated with QoL scores in most questionnaires at baseline, whereas use of GH lowering therapy at the time of QoL assessment was a negative predictive factor of QoL.ConclusionPatients with biochemically controlled acromegaly demonstrate impaired QoL, which persists despite long‐term disease control. This primarily consists of impaired physical function and secondly of impaired psycho‐social well‐being. Duration of biochemical disease control and current use of GH lowering therapy was the predominant factors determining patients’ QoL.
Victorian trabeculectomy audit
Authors: Fan Gaskin Jennifer C , Sandhu Sukhpal S , Walland Mark J 
Published: March 2017

AbstractImportanceThis study highlights the efficacy and safety of trabeculectomy in Victoria, Australia.BackgroundTrabeculectomy is currently the gold standard in glaucoma surgery. However, its role has been increasingly questioned because of its associated risks and complications. This audit aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of trabeculectomy surgery in the state of Victoria, Australia.DesignA cross‐sectional, retrospective and voluntary statewide audit of trabeculectomy surgery by individual surgeons in 2012 with 24 months follow‐up.ParticipantsTwenty‐four surgeons in the state of Victoria submitted data on 227 trabeculectomies.MethodsBasic preoperative and perioperative data were collected. Post‐operative data collected included intra‐ocular pressure measurements, glaucoma medications, associated complications and subsequent surgery up to 24 months post‐trabeculectomy.Main Outcome MeasuresThe main outcome measures were post‐operative intra‐ocular pressure and surgical complications.ResultsAt 12 months, the mean intra‐ocular pressure was 12.6 ± 4.1 mmHg (range 3–28 mmHg). A total of 91% of eyes had an intra‐ocular pressure ≤18 mmHg with or without ocular hypotensive medications. One‐third of eyes that were phakic at the time of trabeculectomy underwent cataract extraction within the 24 months of follow‐up. Eyes that underwent combined cataract extraction and trabeculectomy (23% of trabeculectomies) had a significantly higher mean 12‐month intra‐ocular pressure than eyes that underwent trabeculectomy alone (13.9 vs. 12.2 mmHg, P = 0.01). At 24 months, there were no cases of blebitis/endophthalmitis.Conclusions and RelevanceThe Victorian Trabeculectomy Audit demonstrates excellent efficacy and safety results that are comparable with international standards. Combined cataract extraction and trabeculectomy tended to result in a higher mean post‐operative intra‐ocular pressure than trabeculectomy alone.
Methodological rigor of corporate governance studies: A review and recommendations for future studies
Authors: Boyd Brian K. , Gove Steve , Solarino Angelo M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractManuscript TypeArticle/ReviewResearch Question/IssueThis study presents the results of a longitudinal content analysis of governance articles published in both CGIR and other leading management outlets. Our aim with this review is to identify problematic areas, as well as opportunities to improve the methodological rigor of governance studies.Research Findings/InsightsWe examine key design aspects of corporate governance articles. We identify and compare trends (1) over time and (2) across publishing outlets. Specifically examined are the geographic scope of samples, design characteristics (i.e., single‐ versus multi‐year data, the use of archival, survey, experimental, and qualitative designs, data sources, and reliance on concurrent versus longitudinal data), survey response rates and the use of tests for non‐response bias, the statistical analysis techniques used, reporting of results (number and proportion of hypotheses supported, non‐significant, and counter‐significant, use of statistical power analysis, reporting of descriptive statistics and correlations, use and significance of control variables, and endogeneity controls), and the sophistication of the models tests (i.e., mediation and moderation).Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsBased on the results of the review, recommendations for academic researchers are offered in the following areas: (1) designing theoretical tests which both incorporate and go beyond main effects; (2) evaluating a research design's analytical parameters on an a priori basis to maximize reliability, validity, and the potential for publication; (3) incorporating assessment of sensitivity and robustness checks into the analysis; and (4) comprehensive reporting of results including post hoc power analysis, complete and expanded correlation matrix(es), reporting and assessing counter‐results, and avoiding HARKing.
Airway inflammation and symptoms in children following liver and heart transplantation
Authors: Redmann Andrew J. , Bucuvalas John C. , Wood Robert E. , Chin Clifford , Hart Catherine K. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the upper airway endoscopic findings of children with upper airway symptoms after liver transplantation (LT) or heart transplantation (HT).MethodsReview of children undergoing airway endoscopy after LT or HT from 2011 to 2015 at a tertiary care pediatric hospital. Airway findings, biopsy results, immunosuppression, and Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) levels were recorded.ResultsTwenty‐three of 158 LT (111) and HT (47) recipients underwent endoscopy. Median time from LT to endoscopy was 9 months (range 4‐25) and 31 months (range 1‐108) for HT. Thirteen of 23 patients presented with upper airway symptoms, and 10/23 presented with respiratory failure or for surveillance. Thirteen patients with upper airway symptoms had abnormal findings (7 LT; 6 HT), most commonly arytenoid edema (13 patients). There were five EBV‐positive biopsies (four with post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder), and six EBV‐negative biopsies with lymphocytic inflammation. One biopsy demonstrated fungal infection. Immunosuppression was decreased in seven patients, and three received steroids. There were no episodes of allograft rejection. No patients had airway symptoms at last follow‐up.ConclusionsIn pediatric solid organ transplant recipients, symptoms of airway obstruction are not uncommon and should be evaluated with endoscopy. Endoscopy without symptoms is low‐yield. Treatment with decreased immunosuppression improved airway symptoms.
Ecological niche differentiation across a wolf‐coyote hybrid zone in eastern North America
Authors: Otis Josée‐Anne , Thornton Dan , Rutledge Linda , Murray Dennis L. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimHuman‐caused habitat alteration and disturbance have promoted widespread loss of species’ reproductive barriers, leading to hybridization and attendant changes in the distribution, abundance and interactions of most species. In theory, hybrids should have intermediate niche occupancy features compared to parental groups, thereby potentially leading to fundamental changes in the role of organisms in an ecosystem. Yet, there is a gap in our empirical understanding of how hybrids differ in their niche characteristics compared to parental types; this uncertainty is especially true for large carnivores that range over large spatial extents and have high behavioural plasticity in their niche characteristics or in the environments that they inhabit. We sought to test whether eastern wolf (Canis lycaon) – eastern coyote (C. latrans sp.) hybrids exhibited intermediate environmental niche characteristics compared to their progenitors.LocationEastern North America.MethodsWe integrated genetic profiling of georeferenced canid (eastern wolf, eastern coyote, hybrid) samples into species distribution models, to investigate relationships between canid genetic groups and their environment. We used relevant environmental variables to investigate niche overlap and niche breath of hybrids and their parental groups.ResultsSpecies distribution models revealed clear patterns of niche differentiation, with hybrids tending to occur in areas having intermediate environmental niche attributes and niche breadth, compared to parental groups. Niche overlap between hybrids and either parental group was greater than between the two parental groups, further highlighting the intermediate environmental niche that is occupied by hybrids.Main conclusionsWe show that even among wide‐ranging and highly plastic large carnivores, hybrids tend to exhibit intermediate niche characteristics compared to parental groups. Our support for the intermediate phenotype hypothesis highlights its ecological relevance even when faced with coarse observational data, complex genetic structure, large spatial scale and high phenotypic plasticity.
Refining and expanding global climate change scenarios in the sea: Poleward creep complexities, range termini, and setbacks and surges
Authors: Canning‐Clode João , Carlton James T. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimInvasion dynamics are sensitive to global‐scale changes. New marine invasions have been recorded in dramatically increasing numbers along the world's coasts, due, in part, to the global warming of the oceans and the ability of many successful invasive marine species to tolerate a broader thermal range than native species. As a response to ocean warming, a poleward movement of numerous species has been observed in many biogeographic regions. Our aim was to explore several poorly recognized and thus rarely studied aspects of ocean climate change scenarios in order to advance our understanding of finer‐grained aspects of poleward movements.LocationGlobal.MethodsThree scenarios are investigated in our framework: (1) the existence of networks of complex intraregional origins, routes and destinations of poleward‐moving species, (2) the existence of impenetrable termini where no further expansion is possible, linked to potential outflow corridors, and (3) the interplay of a warming ocean with aperiodic cold episodes.ResultsPoleward advances consist of distinct regional networks of origins, routes and destinations, largely undefined in most areas, linked in turn to the potential existence of endpoints where no further expansion may be possible without escape routes and/or human‐mediated assistance. The interaction of aperiodic cooling periods may result in temporary setbacks or rate reductions in range expansions.Main conclusionsThe recognition of potentially complex origin‐route‐destination networks may significantly advance our predictive capacity of both future invasions and range expansions and potential impacts. Thus, specific focus on high‐profile donor region species pools linked to established vector routes may yield far more robust management scenarios than currently in place. While it is probable that the frequency of climate‐mediated surges (inevitable warming) and setbacks (cooling periods) of species invasions will increase over time, the net outcome is likely to be positive, resulting in an inexorable poleward expansion of thousands of species.
Spatio‐temporal variation in ocean current‐driven hatchling dispersion: Implications for the world's largest leatherback sea turtle nesting region
Authors: Scott Rebecca , Biastoch Arne , Agamboue Pierre D. , Bayer Till , Boussamba Francois L. , Formia Angela , Godley Brendan J. , Mabert Brice D. K. , Manfoumbi Jean C. , Schwarzkopf Franziska U. , Sounguet Guy‐Philippe , Wagner Patrick , Witt Matthew J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimThe lives of juvenile leatherback turtles are amongst the most enigmatic of all marine mega‐vertebrates. For these cryptic organisms, ocean models provide important insights into their dispersion from natal sites. Here, corroborated by fisheries bycatch data, we simulate spatio‐temporal variation in hatchling dispersion patterns over five decades from the World's largest leatherback turtle nesting region.LocationEquatorial Central West Africa (3.5°N to −6°S) spanning the Gulf of Guinea in the North, Gabon and the Republic/Democratic Republic of the Congo in the South.ResultsDue to dynamic oceanic conditions at these equatorial latitudes, dispersion scenarios differed significantly: (1) along the north to south gradient of the study region, (2) seasonally and (3) between years. From rookeries to the north of the equator, simulated hatchling retention rates within the Gulf of Guinea were very high (>99%) after 6 months of drift, whilst south of the equator, retention rates were as low as c. 6% with the majority of simulated hatchlings dispersing west into the South Atlantic Ocean with the South Equatorial Current. Seasonal dispersion variability was driven by wind changes arising from the yearly north/southward migration of the intertropical convergence zone resulting in the increasing westerly dispersion of hatchlings throughout the hatching season. Annual variability in wind stress drove a long‐term trend for decreased retention within the Gulf of Guinea and increased westerly dispersion into habitats in the South Atlantic Ocean.Main conclusionsShifts in dispersion habitats arising from spatio‐temporal oceanic variability expose hatchlings to different environments and threats that will influence important life history attributes such as juvenile growth/survival rates; anticipated to impact the population dynamics and size/age structure of populations into adulthood. The impacts of local and dynamic oceanic conditions thus require careful considerations, such as subregional management, when managing marine populations of conservation concern.