bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data encryption of optical fibre communication using pseudo-random spatial light modulation
Authors: Kowalski M. , Życzkowski M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe propose and study a new technique for securing fibre data communication. The paper presents a method for optical encryption of information transmitted with a traditional fibre link. The encryption method uses a spatial light modulator which converts light pulses representing original data into pseudo-random patterns. A linear combination of light pulses with pseudo-random patterns provides a required encryption performance. The main element of the encryptor is the spatial light modulator which comprises a matrix of cells selectively transmitting or blocking the light beam depending on the pseudo-random configuration of cells. The encrypted information is transmitted through the optical fibre. The decryption process relies on a computational solving of linear program or greedy pursuit. We present a brief description of the method, theoretical analysis and results of numerical simulation. A physical model concept of the method is also presented.
Multimode fibres for micro-endoscopy
Authors: Turtaev Sergey , Leite Ivo T. , Čižmár Tomáš 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThere has been a tremendous effort in modern microscopy towards miniaturisation and fibre-based technology, driven by the need to access hostile or difficult environments in situ and in vivo. Most of these rely on reducing the size of endoscopes based on fibre-optic bundles, and systems incorporating microfabricated lenses. Recently, the use of standard multimode optical fibres for lensless microscopy has become possible mainly due to advances in holographic beam shaping. This article reviews the methods and techniques behind this progress paving theway towards minimally invasive in vivo imaging as well as other applications of multimode waveguides including on-chip integration of optical micro-manipulation and numerous other biophotonics techniques.
Responses of stream benthic macroinvertebrate communities to timber harvesting: Best management practices in a low-gradient watershed in Central Louisiana, USA
Authors: Klimesh Derrick , Gossman Adrienne V. , Xu Y. Jun , Kaller Michael D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractForests are the most dominant land-use type in Louisiana, and timber harvesting is the most economically important of the state’s agricultural commodities. Louisiana has developed voluntary best management practices (BMPs) to minimize negative effects of forest operations on stream water quality, but little is known about how aquatic communities inhabiting low-gradient, headwater streams respond to timber harvesting, and if the current BMPs are effective in protecting community structure and function. In 2005, we initiated a multidisciplinary study in the Flat Creek watershed in central Louisiana to discern the effects of timber harvesting activities, with and without BMP implementation, on benthic aquatic macroinvertebrates. During fall 2007, trees were removed adjacent to two headwater streams in the watershed, and benthic macroinvertebrate samples were subsequently collected at seven stream locations seven times between 2006 and 2009. Our objectives were to describe the community structure of benthic macroinvertebrates in low-order, low-gradient streams, how macroinvertebrate communities responded to timber harvest operations, and whether significant changes in community structure were evident under different levels of BMP implementation. The community structure was predominantly generalist taxa including chironomids, sphaeriid bivalves and asellid isopods. Analyses of variance demonstrated significant increases in bivalve abundance and decreases in the abundance of malacostracan and shredding taxa at most of the sampling sites downstream of BMP-implemented harvest locations in the spring. Additionally, significant increases in bivalves were also found at two sites during late summer. Our results suggest that timber harvesting activities, regardless of BMP implementation, had limited shortterm impacts on resident macroinvertebrates in these lowgradient, subtropical streams. Continued monitoring at the study sites will allow us to better understand the longterm effects of timber harvesting in these stream systems, particularly the resilience of stream biota to harvestingrelated stream conditions.
Sensitivity of functionals with respect to observations in variational data assimilation
Authors: Dimet François-Xavier Le , Shutyaev Victor , Parmuzin Eugene 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe problem of variational data assimilation for a model of ocean thermodynamics is formulated as an optimal control problem to find the boundary heat flux. The sensitivity of functionals of the optimal solution with respect to observations is studied. Computing the gradient of the functionals is reduced to the solution of a non-standard problem which is a coupled system involving direct and adjoint equations with mutually dependent boundary values. Solvability of the non-standard problem is studied based on the Hessian of the original cost function. An algorithm for computing the gradient of the response function related to the mean surface temperature is developed and justified. Numerical examples are presented for the Baltic Sea thermodynamics model.
Toll Road or Dumb Pipe? Economic Perspectives on Net Neutrality
Authors: Lüth Hendrik 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Net neutrality is hotly debated among both scholars and politicians for more than a decade already, but it’s still one of the most prominent topics in telecommunications policy. This paper reviews the recent economic literature on net neutrality following an introductory discussion of relevant features of the market for Internet service provision. In the course of doing so, multiple regulatory regimes are evaluated with respect to their economic impact. Albeit the economic literature highlights some dangers that can evolve from violations of net neutrality, there is little evidence that would justify a rigorous ex-ante regulation.
Forschungsnotiz zum Begriff der Ausdrucksgestalt1
Authors: Loer Thomas 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Diese Forschungsnotiz entstand ursprünglich im Rahmen einer Arbeit zur Erforschung der eigenlogischen Struktur einer Stadt (Loer 2013), die mich dazu nötigte, mir über den Begriff der Ausdrucksgestalt Klarheit zu verschaffen. Dort ließ ich mich von einer Präzisierung durch Ferdinand Zehentreiter (2006/2008) anregen, ohne die Engführung, die mit dieser Präzisierung einhergeht - und die damit infrage stellt, ob es sich tatsächlich um eine präzisierende oder nicht vielmehr um eine konkurrierende Begrifflichkeit handelt -, einer genaueren Betrachtung zu unterziehen. In der vorliegenden Notiz nun wird - wie die damalige Argumentation von Zehentreiters zugespitztem Verständnis des Begriffs ausgehend - die von Ulrich Oevermann visierte weitere Fassung verteidigt, die Subjektivität noch im scheinbar heterogensten Handeln im Werke erkennt und eine Reduktion von Subjektivität auf das Subjekt als Spontaneitätsinstanz vermeidet. Dabei ist die Bezeichnung des vorliegenden Textes als Forschungsnotiz ernst zu nehmen, würde eine Ausführung der Argumentation doch nicht nur eine umfangreiche Darlegung zum Verständnis von Subjektivität - oder allgemeiner: von Lebenspraxis -, sondern auch eine Entzerrung und zunächst getrennte Verfolgung der Argumentationsstränge erfordern, die gewiss mindestens zu Präzisierungen, möglicherweise zu Korrekturen führen müsste. Zweck dieser Publikation aus der Werkstatt ist es also, frühzeitig Kritik - gleichsam als Wegzehrung - zu erhalten. - „Möglich genug, daß dieser zu unvollkommne, zu übereilte Bau entweder von selbst wieder zusammenstürzt, oder daß auch irgend ein kritischer Verwüster ihn dem Erdboden gleich macht!“ (Engel 1786: 290 {Vier und vierzigster Brief})
Investigation of Engine Oil-cooling Problem during Idle Conditions on Pusher Type Turbo Prop Aircraft
Authors: Premkumar P. S. , Chakravarthy S. Bhaskar , Jayagopal S. , Radhakrishnan P. , Pillai S. Nadaraja , Senthil Kumar C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAircraft engines need a cooling system to keep the engine oil well within the temperature limits for continuous operation. The aircraft selected for this study is a typical pusher type Light Transport Aircraft (LTA) having twin turbo prop engines mounted at the aft end of the fuselage. Due to the pusher propeller configuration, effective oil cooling is a critical issue, especially during low-speed ground operations like engine idling and also in taxiing and initial climb. However, the possibility of utilizing the inflow induced by the propeller for oil cooling is the subject matter of investigation in this work. The oil cooler duct was designed to accommodate the required mass flow, estimated using the oil cooler performance graph. A series of experiments were carried out with and without oil cooler duct attached to the nacelle, in order to investigate the mass flow induced by the propeller and its adequacy to cool the engine oil. Experimental results show that the oil cooler positioned at roughly 25 % of the propeller radius from the nacelle center line leads to adequate cooling, without incorporating additional means. Furthermore, it is suggested to install a NACA scoop to minimize spillage drag by increasing pressure recovery.
¿ESTÁN LOS CLC DE LEISHMANIA ASOCIADOS CON LA ADAPTACIÓN DEL PARÁSITO A CAMBIOS DE pH Y/O DE OSMOLARIDAD?
Authors: Camacho Navarro Marcela , Lozano Yenny 
Published: April 2016

<p>Leishmania es un protozoario patógeno, que transita durante su ciclo de vida desde el intestino de su vector hasta un compartimiento<br />fagolisosomal al interior de su célula hospedera, el macrófago. Durante este recorrido el parásito está expuesto a ambientes que<br />cambian en temperatura, pH y presumiblemente osmolaridad. Para su supervivencia, Leishmania debe hacer ajustes para adaptarse<br />y la expresión de canales de cloruro ha sido implicada en estos. Basándose en los antecedentes de nuestro grupo de investigación,<br />que registró corrientes de cloruro voltaje dependientes luego de la inyección de mRNA de promastigotes de Leishmania en ovocitos de<br />Xenopues laevis, se postula que éstas son el resultado de la actividad de proteínas CLC. Se mencionan algunas bases moleculares de la<br />adaptación de este párasito con énfasis en transportadores, regulación de calcio, pH y osmolaridad. Con base en datos del grupo<br />se argumenta que la osmolaridad de la vacuola parasitófora es alta. Además se da evidencia de la transcripción en promastigotes de<br />tres genes que codificarían CLC putativos, y se postulan funciones potenciales que llevarían a cabo en los dos estadios del parásito.</p><p> </p><p>Abstract</p><p>Leishmania is a protozoan pathogen that transits during its lifecycle from the gut of the vector to a phagolysosomal compartment<br />within its host cell, the macrophage. During this journey, the parasite is exposed to environments that change in temperature, pH<br />and osmolarity. For their survival, Leishmania must make adjustments to adapt and expression of chloride channels has been involved in these. Based on our research group results: reported voltage-dependent chloride currents after mRNA injection of promastigotes of Leishmania in Xenopus laevis oocytes, it is postulated that these are the result of CLC protein activity. Some molecular bases of adaptation of this parasite are mentioned with emphasis on regulation of calcium, pH and osmolarity. Based on data from our group it is argued that the osmolarity of the parasitophorous vacuole is high. In addition, evidence of the transcription in promastigotes of three genes that encode putative CLC is given and potential functions that take place in the two stages of the parasite are postulated.</p><p> </p>
APLICACIONES DE LA BIOINFORMÁTICA EN LA MEDICINA: EL GENOMA HUMANO. ¿CÓMO PODEMOS VER TANTO DETALLE?
Authors: Bermudez-Santana Clara Isabel 
Published: April 2016

<p lang="es-ES" align="JUSTIFY">La bioinformática es un campo novedoso que soporta parte de la investigación biológica dirigida a la identificación de variantes génicas que pueden ser descubiertas desde los estudios de genomas completos. Basados en esta motivación se presenta el panorama general de los aportes principales de la bioinformática en el desarrollo del secuenciamiento del primer genoma humano. Adicionalmente se resumen los principales avances en cómputo desarrollados para responder a las demandas requeridas por los métodos de secuenciamiento de última generación para lograr re-secuenciar un genoma humano. Finalmente se introducen algunos de los nuevos retos que deben asumirse para aplicar la genómica personalizada en el desarrollo de la medicina. </p><p lang="es-ES" align="JUSTIFY"> </p><p lang="es-ES" align="JUSTIFY">Abstract</p><p lang="es-ES" align="JUSTIFY">Bioinformatics is a new field that supports part of the biological research aimed at identifying gene variants that can be discovered from studies of whole genomes. Based on this motivation the overview of the main contributions of bioinformatics in the development of sequencing the first human genome is presented. Additionally it is summarized the main advances in computing developed to meet the demands to re-sequence a human genome by using the next generation sequencing technologies. Finally some new challenges that must be faced to apply the personalized genomics into the medicine development are introduced.</p>
The Issue of Macroeconomic Closure Revisited and Extended
Authors: Zalai Ernő , Révész Tamás 
Published: April 2016

Léon Walras (1874) had already realised that his neo-classical general equilibrium model could not accommodate autonomous investments. In the early 1960s, Amartya Sen analysed the same issue in a simple, one-sector macroeconomic model of a closed economy. He showed that fixing investment in the model, built strictly on neo-classical assumptions, would make the system overdetermined, and thus one should loosen some neo-classical conditions of competitive equilibrium. He analysed three not neo-classical “closure options”, which could make the model well-determined in the case of fixed investment. His list was later extended by others and it was shown that the closure dilemma arises in the more complex computable general equilibrium (CGE) models as well, as does the choice of adjustment mechanism assumed to bring about equilibrium at the macro level. It was also illustrated through several numerical models that the adopted closure rule can significantly affect the results of policy simulations based on a CGE model.
Despite these warnings, the issue of macro closure is often neglected in policy simulations. It is, therefore, worth revisiting the issue and demonstrating by further examples its importance, as well as pointing out that the closure problem in the CGE models extends well beyond the problem of how to incorporate autonomous investments into a CGE model. Several closure rules are discussed in this paper and their diverse outcomes are illustrated by numerical models calibrated on statistical data. First, the analyses are done in a one-sector model, similar to Sen’s, but extended into a model of an open economy. Next, the same analyses are repeated using a fully-fledged multi-sectoral CGE model, calibrated on the same statistical data. Comparing the results obtained by the two models it is shown that although they generate quite similar results in terms of the direction and — to a somewhat lesser extent — of the magnitude of change in the main macro variables using the same closure option, the predictions of the multi-sectoral CGE model are clearly more realistic and balanced.
Mycetophylax simplex (Emery, 1888) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): first record in Uruguay and distribution extension
Authors: Larrea Darío Daniel , Mourglia Virginia , González-Vainer Patricia 
Published: April 2016

This study provides the first record of Mycetophylax simplex (Emery, 1888) for Uruguay and extends the known distribution of this species south in South America. Mycetophylax simplex is currently the only species of the genus that occurs in Uruguay. Workers and queens were captured with pitfall traps in a sandy beach on east coast of Uruguay. Data and figures of M. simplex for the recognition of the species and map of distribution are presented.
Patriotismo o universalismo proletario. El lugar del mundo en el obrerismo y el socialismo colombiano, 1904-1930
Authors: Useche Isidro Vanegas 
Published: April 2016

¿Cuál es el rol de los agentes y dinámicas externas en la introducción de una corriente política en un país como Colombia? ¿Una intensa conexión con el exterior es signo de una fructífera modernización de los discursos y las prácticas políticas? Este texto indaga acerca de la manera como los grupos obreristas y socialistas de comienzos del siglo XX se situaron ante el mundo, esto es, cómo definieron la patria a la que aspiraban y qué lugar le dieron en el conjunto universal. Se muestra cómo en un primer momento los activistas políticos ligados al mundo popular optaron por una baja intensidad de sus relaciones directas con Europa y Estados Unidos, afirmando su búsqueda de mayor igualdad dentro de una vindicación de la patria nacional. En una etapa posterior, los socialistas rechazarán la nación, ilusionados por un universalismo comunista que los puso en un amplio contacto con lo que llegó a considerarse como la matriz de una nueva humanidad, sólo que al precio de enajenarse la simpatía de quienes pretendían representar.
A ética em pesquisa e a estética do conhecimento
Authors: Franco Túlio Batista 
Published: April 2016

Os Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa, originalmente concebidos para aná- lise dos riscos a que se submetem aqueles que participam da pes- quisa, a partir de resoluções do Conselho Nacional de Saúde, come- çaram a proceder à análise também das metodologias da pesquisa um exame dos projetos de pesquisa reunidos na Plataforma Brasil, sob o acompanhamento da Comissão Nacional de Ética em Pesqui- sa, evidencia um padrão de conduta na pesquisa regido pelo méto- do científico convencional, de recorte positivista. O presente texto busca levantar os problemas enfrentados por investigações na área de ciências sociais e humanas que não se pautam em condutas e pro- tocolos particularmente válidos para as ciências biomédicas. Sobre- tudo naqueles campos do saber opera também a “ciência intuitiva” (scientia intuitiva) proposta por Spinoza, como um reconhecimento de que pesquisar é um ato de produção do mundo e de si, um ato criativo. Por estes motivos, caberia aos Comitês de Ética regular os projetos com relação exclusivamente aos possíveis e tangíveis riscos, reservando, às questões de método graus máximos de liberdade, de tal modo a refletir a própria diversidade do conhecimento.
Ética da pesquisa e ética profissional em sociologia: um começo de conversa
Authors: Lima Jacob Carlos 
Published: April 2016

O artigo discute como o profissional da sociologia enfrenta os dilemas ético e morais em sua atividade, e como esses dilemas são resolvidos tendo como referência as orientações presentes desde a formação da disciplina. Recupero minha experiência de pesquisador, professor e orientador. A experiência nas três atividades sintetiza a atividade do sociólogo na universidade, lócus principal, embora não exclusivo, da atuação profissional. E permite uma certa generalização, pois no mercado – empresas, instituições, ONGs – o profissional enfrenta di- lemas éticos semelhantes. Além de uma explanação de questões metodológicas que remetem aos autores clássicos da disciplina, utilizo o Código de Ética da Sociedade Brasileira de Sociologia (SBS), como parâmetro para debater alguns dilemas enfrentados no cotidiano.
Alteridades urbanas e dupla contextualização o exemplo dos bairros de Wazemmes em Lille (França) e de Iracema em Fortaleza (Brasil)
Authors: Hammouche Abdlehafid 
Published: April 2016

Este artigo ocupa-se das dinâmicas urbanas de dois bairros, um em Lille, o outro em Fortaleza e é baseado numa investigação levada a cabo desde 2011. O objetivo é contribuir, através de uma dupla contextualização, para a compreensão dos processos através dos quais estes lugares anteriormente desqualificados ou classificados como “sensíveis” se tornam lugares valorizados. A perspectiva é captar o mais minuciosamente possível o uso político e social da cultura enquanto suporte, quando a ação pública assume a vocação de melhorar o viver em comunidade, partindo da hipótese de que o embeleza- mento desses espaços urbanos condiciona, na prática, as relações de alteridade. A primeira parte mostra como o bairro de Lille se transfor- ma fisicamente e sobretudo como se multiplicam as iniciativas cultu- rais. A parte seguinte analisa as relações de alteridade nesse tipo de contexto a partir, por um lado, de observações e, por outro lado, de entrevistas concebidas para ter em conta as trajetórias das pessoas, com a finalidade de questionar a construção social, a gestão pública e a eventual reconsideração da alteridade. Na última parte, a análise é enriquecida pelo paralelismo parcial estabelecido com a dinâmica do bairro brasileiro que conhece igualmente mudanças significativas.
A ética em pesquisa nas ciências humanas e o imperialismo bioético no Brasil
Authors: Duarte Luiz Fernando Dias 
Published: April 2016

A tensão desencadeada no Brasil desde 1996 pela pretensão do Conselho Nacional de Saúde de controlar a ética em pesquisa também nas ciências humanas e sociais, além das biomédicas que lhe incumbia acompanhar por força da legislação, é mais uma cena de combate entre esses dois conjuntos de saberes que se opõem desde o surgimento das primeiras ciências “morais” ou “do espírito”, no século XIX – aprofundando o confronto entre os saberes herdeiros do fisicalismo iluminista e os que emergiram no bojo da reação filosófica romântica. É útil para a compreensão do enfrentamento atual conhecer os fios histó- ricos desse processo e as estruturas ideológicas (teórico-metodológicas) que o animam, particularmente os da emergente e ambiciosa bioética – que inspira diretamente as regulamenta- ções atuais do CNS e o sistema CEP/Conep de avaliação das pesquisas “envolvendo seres humanos”.
Ética e regramento em pesquisa nas ciências humanas e sociais
Authors: Schmidt Maria Luisa Sandoval 
Published: April 2016

O artigo analisa concepções em que se sustentam propostas de regu- lamentação da ética em pesquisa a partir da perspectiva biomédica e alguns de seus desdobramentos e conflitos no campo das ciências humanas e sociais. O material analisado consiste de um conjunto de documentos produzidos na esteira ou em resposta às resoluções CSN 196/96 e CSN 466/12, que regulamentam a ética em pesquisa cientí- fica no Brasil. A análise aponta a centralidade do conceito de risco na arquitetura regulatória; antagonismos quanto à existência de um único marco regulatório; combate ideológico em torno de dispositi- vos de avaliação e controle da atividade de pesquisa; denúncia da hegemonia biomédica na condução das ações reguladoras: elementos destacados, entre outros, no campo de debates e disputas instaurado pelas resoluções citadas.