bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thioguanine in inflammatory bowel disease: Long‐term efficacy and safety
Authors: Ward Mark G , Patel Kamal V , Kariyawasam Viraj C , Goel Rishi , Warner Ben , Elliott Tim R , Blaker Paul A , Irving Peter M , Marinaki Anthony M , Sanderson Jeremy D 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundThioguanine (TG) is efficacious in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but its toxicity, particularly nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH) of the liver, has limited its use. We assessed the long‐term clinical outcomes and safety of TG in patients whom were intolerant or refractory to conventional immunomodulators.MethodsThis is a retrospective, single‐centre study of IBD patients treated with TG from 2001–2013. Response was defined as clinical remission (Harvey–Bradshaw Index < 5 for Crohn’s disease (CD), Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index < 4 for ulcerative colitis (UC)) without corticosteroids or, if receiving anti‐tumour‐necrosis‐factor (anti‐TNF) therapy, absence of dose escalation. We recorded TG failure, withdrawal and adverse events. Patients were monitored with biochemistry, liver biopsy and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Results54 patients (47 CD and 7 UC) whom received TG (mean dose: 27 mg/d (range: 20–40 mg/d)) as monotherapy (n  = 36) or concomitantly with anti‐TNF (n  = 18) for a median inter‐quartile range of 16 (5–37) months (126 patient‐years of follow‐up). 32 (59%) patients responded to TG at 6 months and 23 (43%) at 12 months. Pancreatitis did not recur amongst the 19 patients with prior thiopurine‐induced pancreatitis. 16 (30%) patients ceased TG due to intolerance or toxicity (four serious); NRH was not observed. 6‐thioguanine nucleotide concentrations did not correlate with efficacy nor with toxicity.ConclusionsTG was efficacious and well tolerated in one out of two patients who had previously failed conventional immunomodulators. NRH did not occur.
Why children do not attend their appointments: is there a need for an interface between general practitioners and hospitals allowing for the exchange of patients’ contact details?
Authors: Hirani Noorez , Karafillakis Emilie N , Majeed Azeem 
Published: August 2016

Objectives A service evaluation project on the reasons why children do not attend their outpatient appointments. Design Analysis of paediatric clinic lists over two consecutive days. Parents of the non-attenders were identified and their reasons for not attending the appointment were elicited using a survey. Setting The appointments were scheduled to take place in the Paediatric department at St. Mary’s Hospital, London. Participants Of the 201 appointments scheduled, 49 patients did not attend their paediatric appointment. Telephone contact was successful with 35 parents. Main outcome measures Parents were asked to verify if their contact details were correct, if they were aware of the appointment and if they had received a reminder. The reasons for non-attendance were explored. Results Of the 49 non-attenders, correct contact details were held on file for 24 of the patients (49.0%). Of the 35 parents contacted, 18 were aware (51.4%) of their child’s appointment. Conclusions This project revealed that the principal reason for non-attendance is unawareness of the appointment due to incorrect contact details held by the hospital. Potential strategies for reducing non-attendance at this paediatric outpatient clinic include developing a confirmation or reminder system and improved communication with parents. The creation of a new interface between hospitals and GPs would allow hospitals to access patient contact details held by GPs. It would also ensure that hospitals hold up-to-date patient contact details and that appointment details are effectively communicated to parents. The interface would automatically feed through any updated patient details, keeping hospital records current.
Educational attainment does not modify the effect of educational interventions on blood pressure control: a secondary analysis of data from a randomised trial
Authors: Zhang Kun , Eastwood Dan , Ertl Kristyn , Whittle Jeff 
Published: August 2016

Summary Objectives To assess whether the effects of community-based educational interventions to improve blood pressure, weight and health behaviours benefit participants with lower educational levels more than those with higher educational levels. Design Secondary data analysis. Setting Two 12-month community-based educational interventions, one led by trained peers and one delivered by health professionals. Participants A total of 403 hypertensive individuals, grouped by education (high school or less; 1–3 years college; 4 + years college). Main outcome measures Blood pressure, weight, physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake. Results We found that changes in blood pressure, weight and physical activity were similar across education levels; college graduates consumed more daily servings of fruits and vegetables at baseline (3.7 versus 3.6 for those with 12–15 years and 3.1 for those with < 12 years, p = 0.0112), and increased intake more after the intervention (+0.4 versus −0.1 and −0.1, p = 0.0142). The two methods of delivery – peer-led versus professional – had similar effects on all measures. Conclusions We conclude that educational interventions, whether delivered by peers or professionals, may improve chronic disease self-management among participants but do not confer greater benefits on participants with lower educational levels.
EKLF/KLF1-regulated cell cycle exit is essential for erythroblast enucleation
Authors: Gnanapragasam Merlin Nithya , McGrath Kathleen E. , Catherman Seana , Xue Li , Palis James , Bieker James J. 
Published: August 2016

Key Points
EKLF-null erythroid cells completely fail to enucleate due to a block at the orthochromatic stage of differentiation. EKLF regulation of cell cycle inhibitor proteins is critical for nuclear expulsion; reintroduction of these targets is sufficient for rescue.
Grey matter atrophy in prodromal stage of dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Blanc Frederic , Colloby Sean J. , Cretin Benjamin , de Sousa Paulo Loureiro , Demuynck Catherine , O’Brien John T. , Martin-Hunyadi Catherine , McKeith Ian , Philippi Nathalie , Taylor John-Paul 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Background
Little is known about the patterns of brain atrophy in prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies (pro-DLB).

Methods
In this study, we used SPM8 with diffeomorphic anatomical registration through exponentiated lie algebra to measure grey matter (GM) volume and investigate patterns of GM atrophy in pro-DLB (n = 28) and prodromal Alzheimer’s disease (pro-AD) (n = 27) and compared and contrasted them with those in elderly control subjects (n = 33) (P ≤ 0.05 corrected for family-wise error).

Results
Patients with pro-DLB showed diminished GM volumes of bilateral insulae and right anterior cingulate cortex compared with control subjects. Comparison of GM volume between patients with pro-AD and control subjects showed a more extensive pattern, with volume reductions in temporal (hippocampi and superior and middle gyri), parietal and frontal structures in the former. Direct comparison of prodromal groups suggested that more atrophy was evident in the parietal lobes of patients with pro-AD than patients with pro-DLB. In patients with pro-DLB, we found that visual hallucinations were associated with relative atrophy of the left cuneus.

Conclusions
Atrophy in pro-DLB involves the insulae and anterior cingulate cortex, regions rich in von Economo neurons, which we speculate may contribute to the early clinical phenotype of pro-DLB.
Modified FOLFOX6 With or Without Radiation Versus Fluorouracil and Leucovorin With Radiation in Neoadjuvant Treatment of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: Initial Results of the Chinese FOWARC Multicenter, Open-Label, Randomized Three-Arm Phase III Trial
Authors: Deng Yanhong , Chi Pan , Lan Ping , Wang Lei , Chen Weiqing , Cui Long , Chen Daoda , Cao Jie , Wei Hongbo , Peng Xiang , Huang Zonghai , Cai Guanfu , Zhao Ren , Huang Zhongcheng , Xu Lin , Zhou Hongfeng , Wei Yisheng , Zhang Hao , Zheng Jian , Huang Yan , Zhou Zhiyang , Cai Yue , Kang Liang , Huang Meijin , Peng Junsheng , Ren Donglin , Wang Jianping 
Published: August 2016

Purpose Total mesorectal excision with fluorouracil-based preoperative chemoradiotherapy and postoperative chemotherapy is a standard treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer. This study investigated the addition of oxaliplatin with and without preoperative radiotherapy. Methods In this multicenter, open-label, phase III trial, we randomly assigned (1:1:1) Chinese adults (age 18 to 75 years) with locally advanced stage II/III rectal cancer to three treatments: five 2-week cycles of infusional fluorouracil (leucovorin 400 mg/m2, fluorouracil 400 mg/m2, and fluorouracil 2.4 g/m2 over 48 h) plus radiotherapy (46.0 to 50.4 Gy delivered in 23 to 25 fractions during cycles 2 through 4) followed by surgery and seven cycles of infusional fluorouracil, the same treatment plus intravenous oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 on day 1 of each cycle (modified FOLFOX6 [mFOLFOX6]), or four to six cycles of mFOLFOX6 followed by surgery and six to eight cycles of mFOLFOX6. Random assignment was performed by using computer-generated block randomization codes. The primary end point was 3-year disease-free survival. Secondary end points of histopathologic response and toxicity are reported. Results A total of 495 patients were enrolled from June 2010 to February 2015; 475 were evaluable (fluorouracil-radiotherapy, n = 155; mFOLFOX6-radiotherapy, n = 157; mFOLFOX6, n = 163). In the fluorouracil-radiotherapy, mFOLFOX6-radiotherapy, and mFOLFOX6 groups, the rate of pathologic complete response (pCR) was 14.0%, 27.5%, and 6.6%, and downstaging (ypStage 0 to 1) was achieved by 37.1%, 56.4%, and 35.5% of patients, respectively. Higher toxicity and more postoperative complications were observed in patients who received radiotherapy. Conclusion mFOLFOX6-based preoperative chemoradiotherapy results in a higher pCR rate than fluorouracil-based treatment. Perioperative mFOLFOX6 alone had inferior results and a lower pCR rate than chemoradiotherapy but led to a similar downstaging rate as fluorouracil-radiotherapy, with less toxicity and fewer postoperative complications.
Improved Metastasis-Free and Survival Outcomes With Early Salvage Radiotherapy in Men With Detectable Prostate-Specific Antigen After Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Stish Bradley J. , Pisansky Thomas M. , Harmsen William S. , Davis Brian J. , Tzou Katherine S. , Choo Richard , Buskirk Steven J. 
Published: August 2016

PurposeTo describe outcomes of salvage radiotherapy (SRT) for men with detectable prostate-specific antigen (PSA) after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer and identify associations with outcomes.Patients and MethodsA total of 1,106 patients received SRT between January 1987 and July 2013, with median follow-up 8.9 years. Outcomes were estimated using Kaplan-Meier for overall survival (OS) and cumulative incidence for biochemical recurrence (BcR), distant metastases (DM), and cause-specific mortality (CSM). Variable associations with outcomes used Cox or Fine-Gray methods, as appropriate. Multiple variable analyses used backward selection with P < .05 for retention.ResultsIn multiple variable analyses, pathologic tumor stage, Gleason score, and pre-SRT PSA were associated with BcR, DM, CSM, and OS; androgen suppression and SRT doses > 68 Gy were associated with BcR; and age was associated with OS. Each pre-SRT PSA doubling increased significantly the relative risk of BcR (hazard ratio [HR], 1.30; P < .001), DM (HR, 1.32; P < .001), CSM (HR, 1.40; P < .001), and all-cause mortality (HR, 1.12; P = .02). Using a pre-SRT PSA cutoff ≤ 0.5 versus > 0.5 ng/mL, 5-year and 10-year cumulative incidences for BcR were 42% versus 56% and 60% versus 68% ( P < .001), DM 7% versus 14% and 13% versus 25% ( P < .001), CSM 1% versus 4% and 6% versus 13% ( P < .001), and OS of 94% versus 92% and 83% versus 73% ( P > .05).ConclusionSRT outcomes are in part affected by factors associated with prostatectomy findings but may be positively affected by using SRT at lower PSA levels, including reductions in BcR, DM, CSM, and all-cause mortality. These findings argue against prolonged monitoring of detectable postprostatectomy PSA levels that delay initiation of SRT.
The Mechanism of Innovative Structures Creation Basing on Small Innovative Enterprises
Authors: Сыбачин  , Sybachin S. , Гончаренко  , Goncharenko L. , Ордов  , Ordov K. , Хачатуров  , Khachaturov G. 
Published: August 2016

Th is article discusses the mechanism of creation of innovation structures of educational organization. The
legislative framework of open innovative enterprise is described. Development of the considered mechanism is proposed.
An alternative mechanism is presented.
How To Start A War: Eight Cases of Strategic Provocation
Authors: Maddox JD 
Published: August 2016

A leader intent on starting a war must develop a compelling narrative for their domestic constituency and the international community. For some, strategic provocation – defined here as the use of deceptive tactics to instigate violence against one's own state – has been a reliable means of initiating war under the guise of self-defense. Eight cases of strategic provocation reveal a basic pattern of its use, and some possibly unwelcome truths about state leaders' methods. As international institutions increasingly scrutinize states' interventionist agendas, the use of deceptive narratives is likely to continue. Despite known indicators of strategic provocation operations, warning of such operations has not typically prevented warfare.
Faith, Politics, and the Parable of the Kosher Deli: Explorations of Narrative in a Congressional Hearing
Authors: Kraut Joshua 
Published: August 2016

This paper takes a discourse analytic approach in exploring how a short narrative, delivered in the testimony of a panel-witness during a 2011 US congressional hearing investigating potential violations of religious liberty in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (commonly known as “Obamacare”), shapes and reflects the larger political conflict over the legislation. Exploring the so-called “parable of the kosher deli” from a structuralist, functionalist, and post-structuralist perspective reveals several key elements of how narratives can function in such a context. The choice of genre not only facilitates communication via a culturally familiar structure, but also positions the communicator reflexively, and in strategic fashion. This choice also provides an efficient means for glossing over the adversary’s most significant concerns: because parables are abstractions meant to reflect back on real situations, one can choose which elements to incorporate, and which to ignore about those situations in one’s interpretation. Additionally, I observe how the parable is an effective means for positioning an opposing side (Davies and Harré, 1990), as the narrative takes aim at not only the government, positioned as an illegitimate disciplinarian, and an inappropriate judge, but also at advocates of the legislation generally, characterized as “off-topic” or else blind to the most important issue. Finally, from a post-structuralist perspective, I note that the narrative, reflecting the general stance of the majority members of committee overseeing the hearing, construes the opposing side as a “generalized other” (Benhabib, 1992), ignoring the role of individual experience, needs, motivations, and desires in the attempt to make a case for broader exemptions to the proposed legislation. Such a move short-circuited any possibility of “elaboration” (Cobb, 2006) in which both sides might have worked toward a mutually agreeable narrative which contained both of the moral perspectives presented. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:I would like to thank Sara Cobb as well as the editor and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on earlier versions of this manuscript.
Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of Kedrion 10% IVIG in primary immunodeficiency
Authors: Stein Mark , Nemet Agnes , Kumar Santhosh , Lumry William , Gajek Hartwig , Macchia Roberta , Zamfirova Vladislava , Bergman Garrett , McNeil Donald , Hooper John , Moy James , Pesek Robert , Upton Julia , Shapiro Ralph , Sussman Gordon , Roifman Chaim M. 
Published: August 2016

Background: Primary immunodeficiency involving defective antibody formation requires antibody replacement therapy with immunoglobulin products to prevent and reduce infections. Immunoglobulin for intravenous use (IVIG) is a processed blood product with limited availability, and the various marketed IVIG products may have different tolerability among patients. New IVIG products are therefore necessary to offer options to patients and to reduce the risk of a product shortage. Methods: Forty-five adult and pediatric patients with primary immunodeficiency, documented agammaglobulinemia or hypogammaglobulinemia, and antibody deficiency were enrolled in a prospective, multi-centre, open-label, single-arm historically controlled Phase III study to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of a new 10% IVIG produced by Kedrion. Results: Forty-four patients completed the study while one withdrew consent. Over the 12-month study period, only 2 episodes of acute serious bacterial infections (both bacterial pneumonias) were recorded, for a mean annual event rate of 0.04 per subject, with an upper one-sided 99% confidence limit of 0.11. Values for all secondary efficacy endpoints were comparable with those in similar studies. The primary safety endpoint was met as the rate of infusions temporally associated (i.e., within 72 hours) with ≥1 adverse event was 16% (upper 95% confidence limit 20.4%). Pharmacokinetics were assessed in 31 patients and found to be comparable with those published for other IVIG products. Conclusion: Kedrion IVIG 10% is safe, efficacious, and well tolerated by patients with primary immunodeficiency. Statement of novelty: This report describes the safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of a new IVIG preparation.
LES CORRÉLATIONS DE PERSONNE DANS L’ÉNONCÉ ORAL : ENJEUX ÉNONCIATIFS ET PROSODIQUES
Authors: SANOGO Amidou 
Published: August 2016

<p><strong>RÉSUMÉ</strong><strong>. </strong>Selon<strong> </strong>Benveniste (1966), l’espace énonciatif se répartit entre personnes (Je/Tu) et non-personne (Il). On peut citer, entre autres critères de détermination, les oppositions de nombre et les propriétés syntaxiques et les phénomènes suprasegmentaux tels que le ton et l’intonation. Celle-ci correspond à la variation de la hauteur de la voix au cours de l’énonciation. L’étude aborde des énoncés de type oral avec une construction segmentée par une pause virgulaire. Cette segmentation comporte des implications prosodiques et distributionnelles qui fondent nos préoccupations. Dès lors, quelles peuvent être les incidences de ces phénomènes suprasegmentaux sur les corrélations de personne <em>Je/Tu</em> et <em>Je, Tu/Il</em>. L’étude a pour objectif de montrer la fonction différentielle de certains prosodèmes comme le ton, l’intonation, l’accent, etc. elle revêt l’intérêt de démontrer les limites de la dichotomie personne # non personne. Notre hypothèse est que les phénomènes prosodiques contribuent à la cohésion des instances énonciatives à travers la catégorie de la personne. L’étude se propose d’examiner les schémas intonatifs et d’en dégager les propriétés sous l’angle de la personne grammaticale. </p><p> </p><p><strong>Mots-clés:</strong> <em>distributionnel, énonciation, intonation, personne, prosodie. </em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><em> <strong>ABSTRACT</strong>. Benveniste’s (1966) theory underscores that the enunciation’s space is divided between the persons (I / you) and non-person (It, he). These include, among other criterias, the opposition of numbers (singular/plural) and the syntactic properties (substitution, inversion…), which ones go along with some suprasegmental phenomena such as intonation. The intonation is the variation of the pitch of the voice when producing utterances. Therefore, what are the implications of these suprasegmentals phenomena on person correlations between I / You and I, You / It. The present contribution intends to highlight the differential properties of some prosodemes like tone, intonation and stress, etc., in the understanding of the dichotomy person # non-person. We hypothesize that the suprasegmental realizations help to the cohesion of the different levels of enunciation through the category of the person. In this study, we want to go through the intonation patterns and identify their properties on the perspective of the grammatical person.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><em> <strong>Keywords: </strong><em>distributional, enunciation, intonation, person, prosody.</em></em></p>
MULTILINGUISME ET DYNAMIQUE DU FRANÇAIS AU CAMEROUN : VARIATIONS, CRÉATIVITÉS LEXICO-SÉMANTIQUE ET MORPHO-SYNTAXIQUE
Authors: PIEBOP Gisèle 
Published: August 2016

<p><strong>RÉSUMÉ.</strong><strong> </strong>Motivé par la forte différenciation ethnico-linguistique d’un pays caractérisé par un profil sociolinguistique pléthorique et complexe du fait de ses 283 unités linguistiques, l’Etat camerounais opte au lendemain des indépendances pour une politique linguistique érigeant l’anglais et le français comme langues officielles. A ce titre, ces deux langues des anciennes puissances coloniales bénéficient de privilèges de premiers rangs, au détriment des langues nationales qui se contentent de statuts et fonctions secondaires. Le français en ce qui le concerne se retrouve ainsi sur un territoire où les diversités ethnique, géographique et culturelle détermineront ses modalités d’appropriation et d’expansion, et surtout les variations sociolinguistiques auxquelles il est soumis. Se pose alors la question du développement et du devenir de cette langue importée et le présent article vient apporter des éléments de réponse à ce sujet. Ainsi, le travail analysera à partir de l’approche variationniste, les usages du français camerounais qui évolue et s’enrichit chaque jour un peu plus de tournures morpho-syntaxiques, d’emprunts, de nouvelles graphies, de calques, de nouveaux sens, etc.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Mots-clés:</strong> <em>appropriation, diversité, français camerounais, statuts, variations.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><strong>ABSTRACT.</strong><strong> </strong>Motivated by the strong ethno-linguistic differentiation of a country with a bloated and complex sociolinguistic profile due to its 283 linguistic units, the Cameroon government after independence opted for a language policy erecting English and French as official languages. As such, the two languages of former colonial powers receive forefront of privileges at the expense of national languages which merely secondary status and functions. As well as it is concerned, the French language finds it self in a territory where ethnic, geographic and cultural diversities determine its terms of appropriation and expansion, especially sociolinguistic variations to which it is subjected. This raises the question of the development and the future of this imported language, and this article just provides answers to this. The variationist approach is the framework through which the Cameroonian French, that evolves and grows each day a little more through morphosyntactic turns, loans, new spellings, layers, new meanings, etc. is analyzed.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong><em>appropriation, Cameroon French, diversity, statutes changes.</em><em></em></p><p><em><br /></em></p>