bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Drug Court Pharmacist: Expanding Pharmacy Practice and Addressing Substance Abuse
Authors: Palombi Laura C , Koh-Knox Cynthia P 
Published: January 2018

Problem solving courts, including Drug Court, were established to address substance abuse while providing an alternative to prison sentences and traditional corrections supervision. Drug Courts have been shown to reduce crime in participants and graduates, save the criminal justice and health care systems money, reduce victimization, and restore families. Pharmacists in Tippecanoe County, Indiana, and Carlton County, Minnesota, have established innovative practices as members of Drug Court teams; these practices include the provision of a variety of pharmaceutical and health-related services that other Drug Court team members are not able to provide. The role of the pharmacist on the Drug Court team deserves exploration in light of the increasing needs of problem-solving courts across the United States and the current substance abuse epidemic that unfortunately includes prescription drugs.
Conflict of Interest
"We declare no conflicts of interest or financial interests that the authors or members of their immediate families have in any product or service discussed in the manuscript, including grants (pending or received), employment, gifts, stock holdings or options, honoraria, consultancies, expert testimony, patents and royalties."

Type: Idea Paper
The Relationship Between Treatment Adherence and Non-picked Up Medications in Community Pharmacies
Authors: Nguyen Vu Phan Hoang , Wertheimer Albert 
Published: January 2018

Medication adherence is one of the major factors that determine an outcome of a treatment. Despite the effort of healthcare providers to improve the adherence rate, it still remains a serious issue in our health care system today. Many patients do not take their medications as directed or just simply do not want to fill or refill their prescriptions. A small survey performed by pharmacy students at Temple School of Pharmacy showed that there is a significant number of patients did not pick up their medications. Cardiovascular medications are the most common non-picked up drugs. There are various reasons that patients use to justify for this non-adherence behavior. However, they are unaware that their actions create a tremendous negative effect not only on the treatment itself but also on the entire health care system. The consequences include expensive therapies, inaccurate research data, and poor treatment outcomes. Many solutions have been utilized to solve this problem, but it is still the major problem for healthcare providers to keep in mind when planning a drug regimen. Although many people believed that pharmacists are responsible for solving this problem, it should be a multidisciplinary effort of all healthcare providers to improve the medication adherence.
Conflict of Interest
We declare no conflicts of interest or financial interests that the authors or members of their immediate families have in any product or service discussed in the manuscript, including grants (pending or received), employment, gifts, stock holdings or options, honoraria, consultancies, expert testimony, patents and royalties.

Type: Student Project
Preceptors' Need For Support In Tutoring Pharmacy Students in Finnish Community Pharmacies
Authors: Löfhjelm Ulla , Pitkä Katja , Passi Sanna , Airaksinen Marja 
Published: January 2018

A pharmacy degree in Finland includes a six-month obligatory internship. The internship is integrated with theoretical studies and adds up to 30 European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) credits of the BSc (Pharm) degree. Learning is supported by reflective assignments from the university. The preceptors have an important role in organizing the internship and tutoring students successfully in community pharmacy settings.
Objective: to assess whether the preceptors of University of Helsinki’s teaching pharmacies need pedagogic support in tutoring and if so, in which core pharmaceutical tasks or tutoring skills.
Methods: The survey was sent to all preceptors of University of Helsinki´s teaching pharmacies (n=326) in 2011 (response rate 58%, n=190). The data was analyzed statistically using Excel (version 12.3.6). The open-ended questions were analyzed by qualitative content analysis.
Results: The majority of preceptors found their skills in tutoring the students mainly good. However, assessment of learning (27% of the respondents), giving feedback (23%) and organizing the learning situations supportive for learning (23%) were the areas in which the preceptors mostly indicated a need for support. Teaching current care guidelines and pharmaceutical care (36%) and multi-professional collaboration (28%) were the areas in which the preceptors expressed that they needed to update their skills.
Conclusions: The faculty should focus the support on the pedagogic skills of preceptors, particularly in improving their skills in assessment of learning and in reflective dialogue. In addition, their skills in teaching clinical and patient care aspects of pharmacy practice should be enhanced.
Conflict of Interest
We declare no conflicts of interest or financial interests that the authors or members of their immediate families have in any product or service discussed in the manuscript, including grants (pending or received), employment, gifts, stock holdings or options, honoraria, consultancies, expert testimony, patents and royalties

Type: Original Research
True North: Building Imaginary Worlds with the Revised Canadian (CADTH) Guidelines for Health Technology Assessment
Authors: Langley Paul C 
Published: January 2018

In March 2017 the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH) released the 4th edition of their Guidelines for the Economic Evaluation of Health Technologies: Canada. These guidelines, which were first published and revised for a 3rd edition in 2006 are intended to help decision makers, health systems leaders and policy makers make well-informed decisions. They are designed, apparently, to support best practice in conducting health technology assessments in Canada. The purpose of this commentary is to consider whether or not the evidence standards proposed and the consequent modeled claims for economic effectiveness meet the standards of normal science: are the CADTH standards capable of generating claims for competing products that are credible, evaluable and replicable? The review argues that the standards proposed by CADTH do not meet the standards expected in normal science. Technical sophistication in building reference case imaginary worlds is not a substitute for claims that are experimentally evaluable or capable of assessment through systematic observation. There is no way of judging whether imaginary claims are right or even if they are wrong. CADTH is not alone in setting standards that fail to meet the standards of normal science. Recent commentaries on formulary submission guidelines in a number of other countries, to include Ireland, the Netherlands, France, Australia, the UK and New Zealand conclude that they are subject to the same criticism. If the CADTH guidelines were never intended to support feedback to health system decision makers, then this should be made clear. If not, then consideration should be given to withdrawing the guidelines to ensure they conform to these standards. Hopefully, future versions of the CADTH guidelines will address this issue and focus on a rigorous research program of claims assessment and feedback and not the building of imaginary worlds.

Type: Commentary
Drug-induced Adverse Events and Prescribing Cascades in Older Adults: Pharmacy Stakeholder Survey
Authors: Vouri Scott Martin , Reckenberg Kristine A. 
Published: January 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess pharmacists’ and student pharmacists’ understanding of drug-induced adverse events (DIAEs) and prescribing cascades (PC) and assess their willingness to use system-level approaches to identify DIAEs and PC for future patient interventions.
Methods: Following a continuing education presentation on DIAEs and PC, pharmacists and student pharmacists completed a survey. A retrospective post-then-pre method was used to assess knowledge. McNemar tests and chi-square analyses were used to determine differences in understanding of DIAEs and PCs, as well as between pharmacists and student pharmacists.
Results: A total of 53 participants completed the survey including pharmacists (n=39) and student pharmacists (n=14). Fewer participants had previously heard of the term (40%; p<0.001) and concept (60%; p<0.001) of PC compared to the term and concept (98% in both) of DIAE. Student pharmacists were less likely to have heard of the term PC (14%) compared to pharmacists (40%; p=0.029). There was no difference in knowledge of the concept of PC. Nearly all respondents were willing to assess for DIAE and PC in their patients, and over 75% of respondents were willing to receive systems-based alerts for DIAE and PC.
Conclusion: There was a differential in understanding DIAE and PC among respondents. Programs aimed at building understanding, as well as systems-level alerts for PC, are needed.
Conflict of Interest
Disclosures: This author declare no conflicts of interest for this manuscript.
Support: This publication was supported by the Washington University Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences grant UL1TR000448, sub-award KL2TR000450, from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

Type: Student Project
A Qualitative Analysis of Student Pharmacists’ Response after an Auditory Hallucination Simulation
Authors: Ness Genevieve L , McGuire J. Michael , Taylor Prisca 
Published: January 2018

Objectives: The goal of this research was to evaluate pharmacy students’ experiences and reactions when exposed to an auditory hallucination simulator.
Methods: A convenient sample of 16 pharmacy students enrolled in the Advanced Psychiatry Elective at a private, faith-based university in the southeastern United States was selected. Students participated in an activity in which they listened to an auditory hallucination simulator from their personal laptop computers and completed a variety of tasks. Following the conclusion of the simulator, students composed a reflection guided by a five-question prompt. Qualitative analysis of the reflections was then completed to identify and categorize overarching themes.
Results: The overarching themes identified included: 1) students mentioned strategies they used to overcome the distraction;
2) students discussed how the voices affected their ability to complete the activities; 3) students discussed the mental/physical toll they experienced; 4) students identified methods to assist patients with schizophrenia; 5) students mentioned an increase in their empathy for patients; 6) students reported their reactions to the voices; 7) students recognized how schizophrenia could affect the lives of these patients; and 8) students expressed how their initial expectations and reactions to the voices changed throughout the course of the simulation. Overall, the use of this simulator as a teaching aid was well received by students.
Summary: In conclusion, pharmacy students were impacted by the hallucination simulator and expressed an increased awareness of the challenges faced by these patients on a daily basis.
Conflict of Interest
We declare no conflicts of interest or financial interests that the authors or members of their immediate families have in any product or service discussed in the manuscript, including grants (pending or received), employment, gifts, stock holdings or options, honoraria, consultancies, expert testimony, patents and royalties.

Type: Original Research
Community Pharmacists’ Classification of Prescription Drugs into an Expanded Class of Nonprescription Drugs under the FDA's Proposed NSURE Initiative
Authors: Shah Ruchitbhai M. , Holmes Erin R. , West-Strum Donna S. , Patel Amit 
Published: January 2018

Objectives: There has been considerable debate over the last few decades about creating a third class of drugs that would not require a prescription or not be available freely over the counter, but require a pharmacist’s consultation upon purchase. These debates reignited again in 2012, when the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) held a hearing about a third class of drugs positioned as an expanded nonprescription drug class under the FDAs Nonprescription Safe-Use Regulatory Expansion (NSURE) Initiative. The objective of this study was to determine which prescription drugs community pharmacists believe are acceptable additions to an expanded definition of nonprescription drugs that would be available pending pharmacists’ consultation with a patient.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-report, web-based survey administered to a national panel of community pharmacists. The survey contained a list of 24 current “prescription-only” drugs which may be potential candidates for an expanded nonprescription drug class, based on criteria outlined by the FDA, and questions related to respondent demographic and practice characteristics. The respondents were asked to indicate whether a particular drug should be marketed as a prescription drug, nonprescription drug or as part of an expanded non-prescription drug class. Descriptive analyses were conducted to determine the drugs that community pharmacists believed would be suitable additions to an expanded non-prescription drug class under the NSURE initiative.
Results: 462 completed surveys were received. Most respondents indicated that clopidogrel bisulfate (85.3%) and zolpidem (86.6%) should continue to be dispensed as prescription drugs. Atorvastatin, metformin, and sildenafil (among others) were considered appropriate to be marketed as an expanded nonprescription drug, in other words, dispensed without a prescription but upon pharmacist consultation. Desloratadine (64.6%) and pre-natal vitamins (50.2%) were considered appropriate for nonprescription status (over-the-counter, without pharmacist intervention).
Conclusions: Respondents suggested that 18 out of 24 drugs (75%) on the list provided could be categorized into an expanded class of nonprescription drugs. Adding more drugs to an expanded nonprescription drug class has the potential to expand pharmacists’ provision of patient care under the FDA’s proposed NSURE program.

Type: Student Project
Relationship of Hospital Architecture to Nursing Staff Caring for Self, Caring for Patients, and Job Satisfaction
Authors: Hozak Mary Ann , Nelson John , Gregory Debbie 
Published: January 2018

Historically, the fields of architecture (design) and nursing (health) have been separate disciplines without much intersection. In recent years, the healthcare building boom has created a specialty practice for architects, focusing on healthcare design. With this new focus and specialty within architecture, the science of evidence-based design and the collaboration with clinical care staff have created a new partnership paradigm that is improving the built environment.
Ten dimensions of caring have been espoused by Watson’s Caritas Theory to comprise the construct of caring, which in turn facilitates healing for both the care giver and care recipient (Nelson & Watson, 2012). This article describes a study that examined the relationship between selected elements of architectural design and other factors (recent architectural change, unit size and shape, intersecting hallways, number and proximity of bathrooms and supply rooms, availability of nourishment, number and availability of computers, and rooms for staff gathering, for solitude, and for practice of Watson Caring Factors) and outcomes of caring that are important to nursing, including clinical staff caring for self, caring for others, and job satisfaction. The study took place in a hospital that was implementing Watson’s concepts of caring within their framework of care delivery. Statistically significant relationships were:
Caring for self was negatively related to number of supply rooms and number of Watson rooms or boxes. Caring for patients as reported by staff was negatively related to number of Watson rooms or boxes. Job satisfaction was positively related to number of bathrooms and negatively related to number of supply rooms. A small sample size required adjustment of the alpha to .15 and an effect size of .25, suggesting that replication studies with larger sample sizes may assist with development of a model of architecture that promotes behaviors as proposed by Watson and better outcomes for both patient and staff.
Aplicación de técnicas de minería de datos para la tipificación de enfermedades cardiovasculares en alumnos universitarios
Authors: Núñez Cardenas Felipe De Jesús , Zavaleta Chi Imelda Del Carmen , Felipe Redondo Ana María , Meléndez Hernández José 
Published: January 2018

Las enfermedades cardiovasculares constituyen un conjunto de entidades que afectan el corazón y los vasos sanguíneos. Estás afectaciones dañan órganos como el cerebro, los miembros inferiores, los riñones y el corazón. Dentro de las enfermedades cardiovasculares las de mayor recurrencia son las enfermedades coronarias y las cerebrovasculares.Las enfermedades cardiovasculares se caracterizan por la acumulación de grasa y el colesterol llamado aterosclerosis, ocurre cuando se acumulan en las paredes del vaso sanguíneo (arteria).Esta acumulación se llama placa, con el tiempo, la placa puede estrechar los vasos sanguíneos y causar problemas en todo el cuerpo.Las causas más importantes de cardiopatía son una dieta malsana, la inactividad física, el consumo de tabaco y el consumo nocivo de alcohol. [1]El proyecto denominado “Aplicación de Técnicas de Minería de Datos para la Tipificación de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares en alumnos universitarios” nace como una alternativa para conocer los hábitos de salud de los estudiantes del nivel universitario, que permitan posteriormente desarrollar medidas de prevención. Las Técnicas de Minería de datos ayudaron a realizar de manera sencilla el análisis de los resultados y tipificar este tipo de enfermedades en los alumnos de la Universidad Tecnológica de la Huasteca Hidalguense de las carreras Mecatronica y Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación.El desarrollo de la investigación se realizó mediante la metodología CRISP-DM que es una de las metodologías más utilizada en los procesos de Descubrimiento de Conocimiento en Base de Datos apoyándonos en la herramienta WEKA utilizando el algoritmo SimpleKmeans.Los resultados obtenidos se clasificaron en 4 clúster que contenían los vectores de las encuestas los cuales ayudaron a analizar de una manera más clara los datos y se concluyó que los estudiantes son susceptibles en un 18% a sufrir enfermedades cardiovasculares, en su vida futura de acuerdo a sus hábitos actuales.
La dimensión económica de la economía creativa
Authors: Sánchez Trujillo Magda Gabriela , Molina Ruiz Héctor Daniel , García Vargas Ma. De  Lourdes 
Published: January 2018

La economía creativa plantea un gran reto: crear un ambiente que facilite reproducir el capital intelectual, pues se necesita, atraer, retener, capturar y reproducir el talento de un segmento de la población que, por lo general, se encuentra subvalorado socialmente o bien pobremente remunerado económicamente, por lo que este sector podría ser una gran herramienta para el cambio de estructura productiva, orientada hacia la economía del conocimiento y para consolidar crecimiento económico, la identidad y el impulso de la cultura nacional del país.
Procesamiento de la miel por medio de una tecnología emergente el ultrasonido
Authors: Solís-Silva R. , Del Razo-Rodríguez O. E. , Almaraz-Buendia I. , Figueira A.C , Hernández-Fuentes A. D. , Campos-Montiel R. G. 
Published: January 2018

La presente revisión contribuye al conocimiento de tecnologías emergentes, como el ultrasonido en el tratamiento de la miel y su efecto sobre la cristalización, compuestos bioactivos e hidroximetilfurfural.
Examination of the Relationship between Perfectionism Scores and Anger States in Physical Education and Sports Teacher Candidates
Authors: Çepikkurt Fatma 
Published: January 2018

This study examined the relationship between perfectionism and anger states of Physical Education and Sports Teacher candidates (PESTC), and whether or not perfectionism sub-dimension scores were predictive of anger scores. A total of 130 students were participated. The Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale and The State-Trait Anger Scale were used to determine the perfectionism and anger states. Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Analysis results indicated that a positive significant relationship between socially prescribed perfectionism and the anger subscales state anger, anger-in and anger-out, while a negative significant relationship was found between socially prescribed perfectionism and anger-control. Additionally, Multi-Directional Regression Analysis results revealed that only socially prescribed perfectionism predicts anger subscale scores were at a significant level. Self-oriented and other-oriented perfectionism were not found to be significant in the prediction of anger subscales. In conclusion, the perfectionism as a personality character for PESTC should not be result in anger behavior during physical education processes.
General Motor Performance Level of Slovak University Students Determined by Selected Physical Activity Factors
Authors: Sedlacek Jaromir , Jankovsky Pavel , Sagat Peter , Pistlova Lubica 
Published: January 2018

In this research authors evaluate general physical fitness level of 606 Slovak universities students (344 boys and 262 girls). Physical fitness was evaluated with reduced Eurofit battery tests. We have available students from the Faculty of physical education and sports and from 8 different faculties. We compared these measured parameters with former Slovak population norms. With questionnaire we learned used forms of student physical activities. Differences were evaluated with parametric un-pair t-test; we used *p<0.05, **p<0.01 significance levels. In the contribution is shown that students of the FSPORT reached higher level of general motor performance with regard to other faculties or former populations. It seems that compulsory physical and sport education subjects on universities do not influence significantly positively physical fitness level; the same is watched with unpaid physical activities forms. Decisive role in general motor performance level increase have forms of practising physical activities in individual leisure time.
The Role of Facilitation Techniques in Gonarthrosis Recovery
Authors: Ochiană Gabriela 
Published: January 2018

Numerous studies on people with gonarthrosis refer only to electrotherapy, shock-wave therapy, radon baths, and classical physical exercise; very few studies recall only the role of facilitating techniques in restoring functional knee parameters. This study was conducted on a total of 12 subjects diagnosed with gonarthrosis divided into 2 groups, group A followed a classical recovery program and group B a program consisting of facilitation techniques for a period of 6 months with a frequency of 3 sessions per week. The results obtained confirm the hypothesis that the parameters tested: pain, joint mobility, muscle strength and stability were noticeably improved in group B those who used FNP techniques compared to group A and the duration of the session was only 35 minutes at group B, compared to 55 minutes group A.