bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Different Drying Modes of Scyphozoan Jellyfish Rhopilema Esculentum and Aurelia Aurita on the Protein and Carbohydrate Components in their Composition and the Possibility of Their Use as Dried Prepared Food
Authors: Yuferova Aleksandra Aleksandrovna 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe article studied the impact of convection drying on the stability of proteins and sugars in jellyfish species Rhopilema esculentum and Aurelia aurita. The interdependence of the drying time and the process parameters was studied. Stability of the proteins was evaluated by their denaturation degree, using the method of Ds‐Na‐PAAG‐electrophoresis; the stability of monosaccharides was evaluated with regard to change in their composition using the Gas Liquid Chromatography method. Fixation of the dried jellyfish structure after hydration was performed by reducing the pH of the solution by adding the 70% acetic acid in quantity 0.3% into the 4% solution of salt. Acetic acid restrained the distinct smell of dried jellyfish, stabilized its structure. The dried semifinished product that has passed the hydration without adding acetic acid had an unstable, moist structure. Marinated products have gained good taste in 3 days; the smell of raw jellyfish disappeared completely after 5 days.Practical ApplicationsIt was found that at a drying temperature of 65C, the content of protein and carbohydrate components in Rhopilema esculentum reduced by 50% as compared with the content in the native sample, the content of amino sugars (glucosamine, galactosamine) does not change, which indicates the active ongoing reaction of melanoidin formation. The application of food production technology with the use of Rhopilema esculentum as dried prepared food along with the hydration process was substantiated. Therefore, the study justified specific drying mode for Rhopilema esculentum, which implies minimal loss of protein–carbohydrate components. The loss of proteins and sugars in the jellyfish Aurelia at a drying temperature 50C made 60%, as compared with their content in the native sample, indicating nonexpediency of further experiments. Thus, the research provided optimum parameters for drying of Rhopilema esculentum.
Simulation of Ascorbic Acid Release from Alginate‐Whey Protein Concentrates Microspheres at the Simulated Gastrointestinal Condition Using Netlogo Platform
Authors: Zandi Mohsen 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn this article, our earlier researches were applied for ascorbic acid (AA) release study from Alginate‐Whey Protein Concentrate (AL‐WPC‐AA) microcapsule at the simulated gastrointestinal media. So, we created an agent‐based simulator using NetLogo platform to develop the virtual release tools. Diffusion equation is then fitted to the experimental release data, and finally diffusion coefficient and permeability funded for each condition. Results indicated that this agent‐based model can simulate the AA release process well, and there is a good R2 values (above 88.3%) between experimental and model release data. Conversely, results also show that the presence of the shear force and enzymes (pepsin and pancreatin) at the simulated gastrointestinal conditions significantly increase diffusion coefficients and release rate. Finally, this research suggested that we can easily use this agent‐based model for various nutrients and different situations.Practical ApplicationsIn this work, we developed an efficient agent‐based simulator for release study of the encapsulated AA using NetLogo platform. Our model was built in the NetLogo platform, which is a multiagent programming language and modeling environment with a good documentation, user‐friendly environment and visualization abilities. Our simulation model is accessible for nonexpert users, and it is possible to change or adjust parts of our agent‐based model to adapt the virtual release process to a specific real process. This model is the first version of a release simulator using the NetLogo platform. This article demonstrated that NetLogo model can simulate the AA release from AL‐WPC‐AA microcapsules well with the high correlation coefficient value. Our research also depicted that this simulation model can provide a strong tool for AA release prediction.
Chemical, Thermal and Physical Characterization of Inulin for its Technological Application Based on the Degree of Polymerization
Authors: Leyva‐Porras C. , Saavedra–Leos M.Z. , López‐Pablos A.L. , Soto‐Guerrero J.J. , Toxqui‐Terán A. , Fozado‐Quiroz R.E. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn this work was studied the effect of the degree of polymerization (DP) in two systems based on inulin. Understanding the relation between the chemical and physical properties, allows establishing the potential application for inulin according to its DP. Amorphous inulin powders were characterized by mass spectrometry to determine the DP. Inulin from chicory root and dahlia tubers showed a DP of 2–15 and 2–12, respectively. The systems were exposed to different water activities, finding sigmoidal curves type II. Thermal analysis showed two melting events, suggesting the presence of crystals differing in size. The glass transition temperature range widened and lowered in the high DP inulin. By X‐ray diffraction low DP inulin presented a moderate transition behavior while in high DP inulin was conducted abruptly. State diagrams for stability showed that high DP inulin must be stored at more rigorous conditions of temperature and humidity for avoiding unwanted crystallization effects.Practical ApplicationsThe results presented in this work are useful for: (i) relating the physical and thermal properties (Tm, Td and Tg) with the degree of polymerization of sugar‐rich systems such as inulin powders, (ii) set the optimal processing conditions in an industrial application such as spray drying process while avoiding product damage, and (iii) predicting the product stability based on the physical properties plotted in the form of a state diagram.
The Environmental Impacts of Reuse: A Review
Authors: Cooper Daniel R. , Gutowski Timothy G. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThe fear that human consumption is causing climate change, biodiversity loss, and mineral scarcity has recently prompted interest in reuse because of the intuitive belief that it reduces new production and waste. The environmental impacts of reuse have, however, received little attention—the benefits typically assumed rather than understood—and consequently the overall effects remain unclear. In this article, we structure the current work on the topic, reviewing the potential benefits and pitfalls described in the literature and providing a framework for future research.Many products’ use‐phase energy requirements are decreasing. The relative importance of the embodied impacts from initial production is therefore growing and the prominence of reuse as an abatement strategy is likely to increase in the future. Many examples are found in the literature of beneficial reuse of standardized, unpowered products and components, and repairing an item is always found to be less energy intensive than new production. However, reusing a product does not guarantee an environmental benefit. Attention must be paid to restoring and upgrading old product efficiencies, minimizing overspecification in the new application, and considering whether more efficient, new products exist that would be more suitable. Cheap, reused goods can allow many consumers access to products they would otherwise have been unable to afford. Though socially valuable, these sales, which may help minimize landfill in the short term, can represent additional consumption rather than a net environmental benefit compared to the status quo.
Structural stress responses and degradation of dictyosomes in algae analysed by TEM and FIB‐SEM tomography
Authors: LÜTZ‐MEINDL U. , LUCKNER M. , ANDOSCH A. , WANNER G. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryStress‐induced physiological deficiencies in cells are reflected in structural, morphological and functional reactions of organelles. Although numerous investigations have focused on chloroplasts and mitochondria as main targets of different stressors in plant cells, there is insufficient information on the plant Golgi apparatus as stress sensor. By using the advantages of field emission scanning electron microscopy tomography in combination with classical ultrathin sectioning and transmission electron microscopic analyses, we provide structural evidence for common stress responses of the large and highly stable dictyosomes in the algal model system Micrasterias. Stress is induced by different metals such as manganese and lead, by starvation in 9 weeks of darkness or by inhibiting photosynthesis or glycolysis and by disturbing ionic homeostasis via KCl. For the first time a stress‐induced degradation pathway of dictyosomes is described that does not follow “classical” autophagy but occurs by disintegration of cisternae into single membrane balls that seem to be finally absorbed by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Comparison of the morphological features that accompany dictyosomal degradation in Micrasterias to similar reactions observed during the same stress application in Nitella indicates an ubiquitous degradation process at least in algae. As the algae investigated belong to the closest relatives of higher land plants these results may also be relevant for understanding dictyosomal stress and degradation responses in the latter phylogenetic group. In addition, this study shows that two‐dimensional transmission electron microscopy is insufficient for elucidating complex processes such as organelle degradation, and that information from three‐dimensional reconstructions as provided by field emission scanning electron microscopy tomography is absolutely required for a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon.
Tryptophan‐2,3‐dioxygenase is regulated by prostaglandin E2 in malignant glioma via a positive signaling loop involving prostaglandin E receptor‐4
Authors: Ochs Katharina , Ott Martina , Rauschenbach Katharina J. , Deumelandt Katrin , Sahm Felix , Opitz Christiane A. , von Deimling Andreas , Wick Wolfgang , Platten Michael 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMalignant gliomas and other types of tumors generate a local immunosuppressive microenvironment, which prohibits an effective anti‐tumor immune response and promotes tumor growth. Along with others, we have recently demonstrated that catabolism of the essential amino acid tryptophan via tryptophan‐2,3‐dioxygenase (TDO) is an important mechanism mediating tumor‐associated immunosuppression particularly in gliomas. The pathways regulating TDO in tumors, however, are poorly understood. Here, we show that prostaglandins enhance TDO expression and enzymatic activity in malignant gliomas via activation of prostaglandin E receptor‐4 (EP4). Stimulation with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) up‐regulated TDO‐mediated kynurenine release in human glioma cell lines, whereas knockdown of the PGE2 receptor EP4 inhibited TDO expression and activity. In human malignant glioma tissue expression of the PGE2‐producing enzyme cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX2) and its receptor EP4 were associated with TDO expression both on transcript and protein level. High expression of EP4 correlated with poor survival in malignant glioma patients WHO III‐IV. Importantly, treatment of glioma cells with an EP4 inhibitor decreased TDO expression and activity. Moreover, TDO‐over‐expressing murine gliomas showed increased COX2 and EP4 expression suggesting a positive feedback mechanism in vivo. In summary, targeting EP4 may inhibit – in addition to immunosuppressive COX2 signaling – tryptophan degradation as another important immunosuppressive pathway and thus, could provide a dual clinically relevant immunotherapeutic avenue for the treatment of malignant gliomas.image
We proposed that in malignant gliomas prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) produced by cyclooxygenases (COX) up‐regulates tryptophan‐2,3‐dioxygenase (TDO) expression and enzyme activity through binding to its Gs‐coupled receptor EP4 and therefore may mediate tumor immune escape in part through aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) activation. Moreover, TDO activity itself seems to induce intratumoral PGE2 metabolism suggesting an immunosuppressive loop involving COX/EP4/TDO.
RNA polymerase I transcription is modulated by spatial learning in different brain regions
Authors: Capitano Fabrizio , Gargiuli Chiara , Angerilli Alessandro , Maccaroni Klizia , Pelliccia Franca , Mele Andrea , Camilloni Giorgio 
Published: December 2015

AbstractLong‐term memory is accompanied by changes in neuronal morphology and connectivity. These alterations are thought to depend upon new gene expression and protein synthesis over a distributed network of brain structures. Although much evidence supports the idea that the creation of stable, persistent memory traces requires synthesis of new proteins, the role of rRNA transcription and nucleolar activity in learning and memory has hardly been explored. rRNAs needed for protein synthesis result from the activity of two different RNA polymerases, RNA polymerase I and RNA polymerase III, transcribing for 47S RNA and 5S RNA, respectively. In this study, we first investigated the effects of spatial training in the Morris water maze on 47S RNA transcription in the central nervous system, demonstrating bidirectional modulation of its expression over a distributed neural network. We found learning‐induced increases in the nucleolar organizer regions in the hippocampus. Finally, we demonstrated that intrahippocampal administrations of CX‐5461 (0.6 μg/side), the specific RNA Polymerase I inhibitor, impair the ability of mice to locate the platform in the same task. These results suggest that de novo rRNA transcription is a necessary step for spatial memory consolidation, and that after learning, it occurs in several brain regions with a complex spatiotemporal dynamic.
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In this study, we demonstrate for the very first time that spatial learning modulates ribosomal RNA transcription in a wide brain circuit, with anatomical specificities in the dynamic of modulation. Together with pharmacological evidences, data presented here support the hypothesis of a necessary role of RNA Pol‐I transcription during spatial memory formation.
Read the Editorial Highlight for this article on page 673.
Mapping of Kisspeptin Receptor mRNA in the Whole Rat Brain and its Co‐Localisation with Oxytocin in the Paraventricular Nucleus
Authors: Higo S. , Honda S. , Iijima N. , Ozawa H. 
Published: December 2015

The neuropeptide kisspeptin and its receptor play an essential role in reproduction as a potent modulator of the gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) neurone. In addition to its reproductive function, kisspeptin signalling is also involved in extra‐hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal (HPG) axis systems, including oxytocin and arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion. By contrast to the accumulating information for kisspeptin neurones and kisspeptin fibres, the histological distribution and function of the kisspeptin receptor in the rat brain remain poorly characterised. Using in situ hybridisation combined with immunofluorescence, the present study aimed to determine the whole brain map of Kiss1r mRNA (encoding the kisspeptin receptor), and to examine whether oxytocin or AVP neurones express Kiss1r. Neurones with strong Kiss1r expression were observed in several rostral brain areas, including the olfactory bulb, medial septum, diagonal band of Broca and throughout the preoptic area, with the most concentrated population being around 0.5 mm rostral to the bregma. Co‐immunofluorescence staining revealed that, in these rostral brain areas, the vast majority of the Kiss1r‐expressing neurones co‐expressed GnRH. Moderate levels of Kiss1r mRNA were also noted in the rostral periventricular area, paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and throughout the arcuate nucleus. Relatively weak Kiss1r expression was observed in the supraoptic nucleus and supramammillary nuclei. Moderate to weak expression of Kiss1r was also observed in several regions in the midbrain, including the periaqueductal gray and dorsal raphe nucleus. We also examined whether oxytocin and AVP neurones in the PVN co‐express Kiss1r. Immunofluorescence revealed the co‐expression of Kiss1r in a subset of the oxytocin neurones but not in the AVP neurones in the PVN. The present study provides a fundamental anatomical basis for further examination of the kisspeptin signalling system in the extra‐HPG axis, as well as in reproductive function.
Impact of left ventricular ejection fraction and medication adherence on major adverse cardiac events during the first year after successful primary percutaneous coronary interventions
Authors: Son Youn‐Jung , Shim Sook Kyung , Hwang Sun Young , Ahn Ji Hun , Yu Hye Yon 
Published: December 2015

Aims and objectivesTo identify the impact of preprocedural left ventricular ejection fraction and adherence to prescribed medication on major adverse cardiac events in patients with a successful primary percutaneous coronary intervention.BackgroundAlthough advances in percutaneous coronary intervention for coronary artery disease have considerably reduced poor outcomes such as major adverse cardiac events, many patients still experience adverse outcomes after a percutaneous coronary intervention. Thus, in patients with percutaneous coronary intervention, it is extremely important to identify the predictors for major adverse cardiac events.DesignA retrospective and cross‐sectional design.MethodsThree hundred and nineteen patients who underwent successful primary percutaneous coronary intervention participated in this study. Participants were assessed for major adverse cardiac events after percutaneous coronary intervention for the first year. Preprocedural left ventricular ejection fraction was measured by echocardiogram. Medication adherence was used with the validated Morisky Medication Adherence Scale‐8 items at the first year after the successful primary percutaneous coronary intervention.ResultsOf the 319 patients, 102 had major adverse cardiac events after the successful primary percutaneous coronary intervention. On the basis of Cox regression, after adjusting for patient characteristics, lower baseline left ventricular ejection fraction and medication nonadherence and were statistically significant and independent predictors of major adverse cardiac events.ConclusionsOur results show that major adverse cardiac events after successful primary percutaneous coronary intervention are associated with low left ventricular ejection fraction at baseline and medication nonadherence after discharge. Therefore, healthcare providers should consider multidimensional approaches to improve low left ventricular ejection fraction and medication adherence.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings suggest that the classification of high‐risk patients after percutaneous coronary intervention need to be based on level of preprocedural left ventricular ejection fraction. Follow‐up of these patients may include educational interventions to enhance medication adherence, to decrease the prevalence of major adverse cardiac events.
Patient experience in fast‐track hip and knee arthroplasty – a qualitative study
Authors: Specht Kirsten , Kjaersgaard‐Andersen Per , Pedersen Birthe D 
Published: December 2015

Aims and objectivesTo explore the lived experience of patients in fast‐track primary unilateral total hip and knee arthroplasty from the first visit at the outpatient clinic until discharge.BackgroundFast‐track has resulted in increased effectiveness, including faster recovery and shorter length of stay to about two days after hip and knee arthroplasty. However, the patient perspective in fast‐track with a median length of stay of less than three days has been less investigated.DesignA qualitative design.MethodsA phenomenological‐hermeneutic approach was used, inspired by Paul Ricoeur's theory of narrative and interpretation. Eight patients were included. Semi‐structured interviews and participant observation were performed.ResultsThree themes emerged: dealing with pain; feelings of confidence or uncertainty – the meaning of information; and readiness for discharge. Generally, the patients were resistant to taking analgesics and found it difficult to find out when to take supplementary analgesics; therefore, nursing staff needed enough expertise to take responsibility. Factors that increased patients’ confidence: information about fast‐track, meeting staff before admission and involving relatives. In contrast, incorrect or conflicting information and a lack of respect for privacy led to uncertainty. In preparing for early discharge, sufficient pain management, feeling well‐rested and optimal use of time during hospitalisation were important.ConclusionThe study shows the importance of dealing with pain and getting the right information and support to have confidence in the fast‐track programme, to be ready for discharge and to manage postoperatively at home.Relevance to clinical practiceIn fast‐track focusing on early discharge, there is an increased need for evidence‐based nursing practice, including a qualified judgement of what is best for the patient in certain situations. The knowledge should be gleaned from: research; the patients’ expertise, understanding and situation; and nurses’ knowledge, skills and experience.
Living in the Past, Present, and Future: Measuring Temporal Orientation With Language
Authors: Park Gregory , Schwartz H. Andrew , Sap Maarten , Kern Margaret L. , Weingarten Evan , Eichstaedt Johannes C. , Berger Jonah , Stillwell David J. , Kosinski Michal , Ungar Lyle H. , Seligman Martin E. P. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTemporal orientation refers to individual differences in the relative emphasis one places on the past, present, or future, and it is related to academic, financial, and health outcomes. We propose and evaluate a method for automatically measuring temporal orientation through language expressed on social media. Judges rated the temporal orientation of 4,302 social media messages. We trained a classifier based on these ratings, which could accurately predict the temporal orientation of new messages in a separate validation set (accuracy/mean sensitivity = .72; mean specificity = .77). We used the classifier to automatically classify 1.3 million messages written by 5,372 participants (50% female; ages 13–48). Finally, we tested whether individual differences in past, present, and future orientation differentially related to gender, age, Big Five personality, satisfaction with life, and depressive symptoms. Temporal orientations exhibit several expected correlations with age, gender, and Big Five personality. More future‐oriented people were older, more likely to be female, more conscientious, less impulsive, less depressed, and more satisfied with life; present orientation showed the opposite pattern. Language‐based assessments can complement and extend existing measures of temporal orientation, providing an alternative approach and additional insights into language and personality relationships.