bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renal cellular hypoxia in adenine‐induced chronic kidney disease
Authors: Fong Debra , Ullah Md Mahbub , Lal Jaswini G. , Abdelkader Amany , Ow Connie P.C. , Hilliard Lucinda M. , Ricardo Sharon D. , Kelly Darren J. , Evans Roger G. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryWe determined whether adenine‐induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) in rats is associated with renal tissue hypoxia. Adenine (100 mg) or its vehicle was administered to male Sprague‐Dawley rats, daily by oral gavage, over a 15‐day period. Renal function was assessed before, and 7 and 14 days after, adenine treatment commenced, by collection of a 24‐hour urine sample and a blood sample from the tail vein. On day 15, arterial pressure was measured in conscious rats via the tail artery. Renal tissue hypoxia was then assessed by pimonidazole adduct immunohistochemistry and fibrosis was assessed by staining tissue with picrosirius red and Masson's trichrome. CKD was evident within 7 days of commencing adenine treatment, as demonstrated by increased urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (30 ± 12‐fold). By day 14 of adenine treatment plasma creatinine concentration was more than 7‐fold greater, and plasma urea more than 5‐fold greater, than their baseline levels. On day 15, adenine‐treated rats had slightly elevated mean arterial pressure (8 mmHg), anaemia and renomegaly. Kidneys of adenine‐treated rats were characterised by the presence of tubular casts, dilated tubules, expansion of the interstitial space, accumulation of collagen, and tubulointerstitial hypoxia. Pimonidazole staining (hypoxia) co‐localised with fibrosis and was present in both patent and occluded tubules. We conclude that renal tissue hypoxia develops rapidly in adenine‐induced CKD. This model, therefore, should prove useful for examination of the temporal and spatial relationships between tubulointerstitial hypoxia and the development of CKD, and thus the testing of the ‘chronic hypoxia hypothesis’.
Recent Advances in Nondestructive Analytical Techniques for Determining the Total Soluble Solids in Fruits: A Review
Authors: Li Jiang‐Lin , Sun Da‐Wen , Cheng Jun‐Hu 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe total soluble solids play an important role in the fruit maturity process and determine the acceptance of rich nutrients as well as economic benefits in the fruit trade. Thus, development of rapid and nondestructive techniques for evaluating soluble solids content in fruits is important. This review focuses on recent advances in nondestructive techniques for soluble solids contents of fruits including hyperspectral imaging, laser light backscattering imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, X‐ray computed tomography, near‐infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The advantages and disadvantages of these techniques are compared and discussed, and some viewpoints about future trends are also presented.
Effect of hepatitis B virus infection on sperm quality and oxidative stress state of the semen of infertile males
Authors: Qian Li , Li Qiong , Li Haibo 
Published: July 2016

ProblemThe effects of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection on sperm quality and oxidative stress state of the semen of infertile males remain undetermined.Method of studyNormal males and 60 semen samples from infertile males (with or without HBV infection) were subjected to semen analysis.ResultsSemen volume, semen pH, sperm density, percentage of forward, movement of sperm, sperm activation rate, sperm survival rate, rate of normal sperm morphology of infertile males with HBV infection were significantly lower than those of infertile males without genital infection and of normal males (P<.05), while interleukin (IL)‐17, IL‐18, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in subjects with HBV infection were significantly higher than those of infertile males without genital infection and of normal males (P<.05). In patients with HBV infection, MDA level was found to be negatively correlated with semen quality, but positively correlated with semen IL‐17 and IL‐18 concentrations.ConclusionsHBV infection increased MDA level, induced abnormal expression of IL‐17 and IL‐18, and negatively affected male reproductive capacity, resulting in male infertility.
The allergic march comprises the coexistence of related patterns of allergic disease not just the progressive development of one disease
Authors: Goksör Emma , Loid Petra , Alm Bernt , Åberg Nils , Wennergren Göran 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimThis study explored the development and comorbidity of allergic diseases by analysing the relationship between allergic manifestations in infancy and at the age of 8.MethodsWe included 5654 children born in Sweden in 2003 in a longitudinal study. Parents answered postal questionnaires when the children were six months and one, four‐and‐a‐half and eight years of age.ResultsThe response rate at eight years was 4051 (71.6%), and we analysed 3382 children with complete data. The number of manifestations in infancy increased the risk of allergic disease at eight years of age: 72% of children with one early manifestation were symptom free at 8, compared to 45% with two or more manifestations. Similar manifestations occurred in infancy and at the age of 8, for example recurrent wheeze increased the risk of doctor‐diagnosed asthma by an adjusted odds ratio of 6.5. Eczema and food allergy independently increased the risk of all four allergic manifestations at eight years.ConclusionAllergic disease at the age of 8 was related to the number of allergic manifestations in infancy. Manifestations were similar at both ages, suggesting an allergic march with the coexistence of disease patterns rather than the progressive development of one disease.
The principal pathways involved in the in vivo modulation of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, pulmonary arterial remodelling and pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Kylhammar D. , Rådegran G. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) serves to optimize ventilation–perfusion matching in focal hypoxia and thereby enhances pulmonary gas exchange. During global hypoxia, however, HPV induces general pulmonary vasoconstriction, which may lead to pulmonary hypertension (PH), impaired exercise capacity, right‐heart failure and pulmonary oedema at high altitude. In chronic hypoxia, generalized HPV together with hypoxic pulmonary arterial remodelling, contribute to the development of PH. The present article reviews the principal pathways in the in vivo modulation of HPV, hypoxic pulmonary arterial remodelling and PH with primary focus on the endothelin‐1, nitric oxide, cyclooxygenase and adenine nucleotide pathways. In summary, endothelin‐1 and thromboxane A2 may enhance, whereas nitric oxide and prostacyclin may moderate, HPV as well as hypoxic pulmonary arterial remodelling and PH. The production of prostacyclin seems to be coupled primarily to cyclooxygenase‐1 in acute hypoxia, but to cyclooxygenase‐2 in chronic hypoxia. The potential role of adenine nucleotides in modulating HPV is unclear, but warrants further study. Additional modulators of the pulmonary vascular responses to hypoxia may include angiotensin II, histamine, serotonin/5‐hydroxytryptamine, leukotrienes and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. Drugs targeting these pathways may reduce acute and/or chronic hypoxic PH. Endothelin receptor antagonists and phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitors may additionally improve exercise capacity in hypoxia. Importantly, the modulation of the pulmonary vascular responses to hypoxia varies between species and individuals, with hypoxic duration and age. The review also define how drugs targeting the endothelin‐1, nitric oxide, cyclooxygenase and adenine nucleotide pathways may improve pulmonary haemodynamics, but also impair pulmonary gas exchange by interference with HPV in chronic lung diseases.
Cribriform neuroepithelial tumor: molecular characterization of a SMARCB1‐deficient non‐rhabdoid tumor with favorable long‐term outcome
Authors: Johann Pascal D. , Hovestadt Volker , Thomas Christian , Jeibmann Astrid , Heß Katharina , Bens Susanne , Oyen Florian , Hawkins Cynthia , Pierson Christopher R. , Aldape Kenneth , Kim Sang‐Pyo , Widing Eva , Sumerauer David , Hauser Péter , van Landeghem Frank , Ryzhova Marina , Korshunov Andrey , Capper David , Jones David T.W. , Pfister Stefan M. , Schneppenheim Reinhard , Siebert Reiner , Paulus Werner , Frühwald Michael C. , Kool Marcel , Hasselblatt Martin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRhabdoid phenotype and loss of SMARCB1 expression in a brain tumor are characteristic features of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (ATRT). Rare non‐rhabdoid brain tumors showing cribriform growth pattern and SMARCB1 loss have been designated cribriform neuroepithelial tumor (CRINET). Small case series suggest that CRINETs may have a relatively favorable prognosis. However, the long‐term outcome is unclear and it remains uncertain whether CRINET represents a distinct entity or a variant of ATRT. Therefore, 10 CRINETs were clinically and molecularly characterized and compared with 10 ATRTs of each of three recently described molecular subgroups (i.e. ATRT‐TYR, ATRT‐SHH and ATRT‐MYC) using Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 arrays, FISH, MLPA, and sequencing. Furthermore, outcome was compared to a larger cohort of 27 children with ATRT‐TYR. Median age of the 6 boys and 4 girls harboring a CRINET was 20 months. On histopathological examination, all CRINETs demonstrated a cribriform growth pattern and distinct tyrosinase staining. On unsupervised cluster analysis of methylation data, all CRINETs examined exclusively clustered within the ATRT‐TYR molecular subgroup. As ATRT‐TYR, CRINETs mainly showed large heterozygous 22q deletions (9/10) and SMARCB1 mutations of the other allele. In two patients, SMARCB1 mutations were also present in the germline. Estimated mean overall survival in patients with CRINETs was 125 months (95% confidence interval 100–151 months) as compared to only 53 (33–74) months in patients with ATRTs of the ATRT‐TYR subgroup (Log‐Rank P < 0.05). In conclusion, CRINET represents a SMARCB1‐deficient non‐rhabdoid tumor, which shares molecular similarities with the ATRT‐TYR subgroup but has distinct histopathological features and favorable long‐term outcome.
Dynamics of the heart rate variability and oxygen saturation response to acute normobaric hypoxia within the first 10 min of exposure
Authors: Krejčí Jakub , Botek Michal , McKune Andrew J. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryAlthough the heart rate variability (HRV) response to hypoxia has been studied, little is known about the dynamics of HRV after hypoxia exposure. The purpose of this study was to assess the HRV and oxygen saturation (SpO2) responses to normobaric hypoxia (FiO2 = 9·6%) comparing 1 min segments to baseline (normoxia). Electrocardiogram and SpO2 were recorded during a 10‐min hypoxia exposure in 29 healthy male subjects aged 26·0 ± 4·9 years. Baseline HRV values were obtained from a 5‐min recording period prior to hypoxia. The hypoxia period was split into 10 non‐overlapping 1‐min segments and time domain HRV indexes (RMSSD and SDNN) were calculated for each segment. Differences (Δ) from baseline values were calculated and transformed using natural logarithm (Ln). This study revealed that the decrease in ΔSpO2 became significant (P<0·001) in the first minute of hypoxia, the decrease in ΔLn RMSSD became significant (P = 0·002) in the second minute, and the decrease in ΔLn SDNN became significant (P = 0·001) in the third minute. Between the second and fifth minute of hypoxia, ΔSpO2 correlated with ΔLn RMSSD (r = 0·57, P<0·001) and ΔLn SDNN (r = 0·44, P<0·001). Five min after the onset of hypoxia, ΔSpO2 was significantly (P = 0·002) decreased but changes in ΔLn RMSSD (P = 0·344) and ΔLn SDNN (P = 0·558) were not significant. In conclusion, the decrease in HRV was proportional to desaturation but only during the first 5 min of hypoxia.
Guttural pouch leiomyosarcoma causing nasopharyngeal compression in a pony
Authors: Drew S. J. , Meehan L. , Reardon R. J. M. , McGorum B. C. , Dixon P. M. , Del‐Pozo J. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryA 14‐year‐old Connemara cross gelding presented with abnormal respiratory noise and exercise intolerance. Upper airway endoscopy, ultrasonography, radiography and computed tomography revealed a large mass within the left guttural pouch causing marked left dorsal nasopharyngeal collapse and displacement and compression of the right guttural pouch. The horse was subjected to euthanasia and a post‐mortem examination confirmed the above findings. Histological and immunohistochemical examinations of the mass confirmed a diagnosis of guttural pouch leiomyosarcoma, a lesion previously unreported at this site.
Oesophageal lumenpHin yearling horses and effects of management and administration of omeprazole
Authors: Wilson C. S. , Brookes V. J. , Hughes K. J. , Trope G. D. , Ip H. , Gunn A. J. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryBackgroundIn human subjects, arytenoid chondritis can be caused by chemical trauma of mucosa attributable to gastro‐oesophageal reflux. Although a similar process may be involved in the aetiopathogenesis of arytenoid chondritis in horses, the oesophageal lumenpHin this species is poorly understood.ObjectivesTo determine if gastro‐oesophageal reflux occurs in horses by characterising oesophageal lumenpH.Study designBlinded, randomised, placebo‐controlled, crossover, experimental study.MethodsLuminal oesophagealpHin six yearling horses was recorded over four 24 h periods using an ambulatorypHrecorder attached to a catheter with two electrodes (proximal and distal) inserted into the oesophagus. Recordings ofpHwere made during three management protocols. Initially, horses grazed in a paddock (Protocol A). Horses were then moved to stables to simulate sale preparation of Thoroughbred yearlings, and were given either omeprazole (Protocol B) or placebo paste (Protocol C) orally once per day. Protocol A was repeated for each horse (after a 13 day washout period) between Protocols B and C. Summary statistics describedpHrange and frequency ofpHchanges. Associations with predictor variables were investigated using linear mixed‐effects models. Data are presented as the mean ± s.d.ResultsOesophageal lumenpHranged from 4.90 to 9.70 (7.36 ± 0.27 and 7.18 ± 0.24 for the proximal and distal electrodes, respectively) and varied frequently (1.2 ± 0.9 changes/min and 0.8 ± 0.8 changes/min for the proximal and distal electrodes, respectively). Oesophageal lumenpHwas associated with time since concentrate feeding, activity and time of day, but not with treatment of omeprazole.Main limitationsA small number of horses were used and measurement periods were limited.ConclusionsGastro‐oesophageal reflux occurs in clinically normal yearling horses. Although omeprazole had no detectable effect, oesophageal lumenpHrecorded during this study did not fall within the therapeutic range of omeprazole.
The influence of the El Niño Southern Oscillation on paralarval market squid (Doryteuthis opalescens)
Authors: Perretti Charles T. , Sedarat Mohammad 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCalifornia market squid (Doryteuthis opalescens) support one of the largest and most valuable fisheries in California. However, market squid abundance varies greatly from year to year, ostensibly as a result of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, although the underlying mechanism is not known. Classic hypotheses suggest that the early larval stage may be the key to uncovering this mechanism. Here, we perform a time series analysis, length‐distribution analysis, and growth analysis to investigate the effects of ENSO on paralarval D. opalescens. In contrast to classic hypotheses, we find that ENSO does not drive early paralarval survival or growth. Instead, we find that the ENSO operates primarily on the late paralarval stage, with El Niño conditions associated with lower survival of late‐stage paralarvae. We also find that time series models which use ENSO conditions during the previous juvenile and adult stage outperform models that use ENSO conditions during the paralarval stage. Our results suggest that the population bottleneck for D. opalescens does not occur in the early paralarval stage, but instead lies later in the squid's life.
Impact of dementia on behavioral independence and disturbance
Authors: Nakayama Naoyuki , Suzuki Makoto , Endo Arisa , Nitanda Yusuke , Tanabe Nao , Watanabe Aki , Fukuda Michinari , Endo Teruaki 
Published: July 2016

AimDecreasing behavioral independence levels and increasing frequencies of behavioral disturbances are the most problematic aspects for people with dementia. However, the relative effects of dementia on these factors are unknown. We investigated variability in behavioral independence and disturbance profiles of patients with dementia.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional correlation study in which 70 inpatients with dementia from convalescent wards in a hospital were enrolled. We assessed cognitive impairments with the Mini‐Mental State Examination, evaluated behavioral independence levels with the Functional Independence Measure and assessed frequency of behavioral disturbances with the Dementia Behavior Disturbance Scale.ResultsCoefficient determination was 0.395 (P < 0.0001) between the Mini‐Mental State Examination and Functional Independence Measure scores, 0.261 (P < 0.0001) between the Mini‐Mental State Examination and Dementia Behavior Disturbance Scale scores, and 0.355 (P < 0.0001) between the Functional Independence Measure and Dementia Behavior Disturbance Scale scores. The most easily accomplished behavioral independence was eating, and the hardest was transfer to tub/shower. The behavioral disturbance with the highest frequency was urinary incontinence, and the lowest was emptying drawers or closets.ConclusionsModerate correlations were found between severity of dementia and behavioral independence levels and frequencies of behavioral disturbances. There were both easier and harder to accomplish behaviors, and both higher and lower frequencies of behavioral disturbances. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 605–613.
Social support, coping strategies and their correlations with older adults’ relocation adjustments after natural disaster
Authors: Chao Shiau‐Fang 
Published: July 2016

AimThe present study examines the associations among social support, coping strategies and relocation adjustment outcomes, including community cohesion, residential satisfaction and depressive symptoms, for older persons in Taiwan displaced by Typhoon Morakot.MethodsThis study enrolled 372 adults aged 60 years or older who were relocated to permanent houses after Typhoon Morakot destroyed their homes on 8 August 2009. A path analysis simultaneously examined the hypothesized links among social support, coping strategies and relocation adjustment outcomes.ResultsThe relationships between coping strategies and relocation outcomes varied. Problem‐focused and support‐seeking coping were positively related to perceived community cohesion, whereas emotion‐focused coping was associated with a high number of depressive symptoms. Social support was positively related to residential satisfaction. Additionally, social support was also indirectly related to increased community cohesion and residential satisfaction through its positive relationship with support‐seeking and problem‐focused coping.ConclusionsMore interventions should be implemented to enhance support within informal networks and a sense of belonging to the new resident community, thereby promoting more active coping strategies, enhancing the effectiveness of coping efforts and maximizing positive adjustment outcomes. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1006–1014.
Both cancerous miR‐21 and stromal miR‐21 in urothelial carcinoma are related to tumour progression
Authors: Ohno Rena , Uozaki Hiroshi , Kikuchi Yoshinao , Kumagai Arisa , Aso Tatsuya , Watanabe Masato , Watabe Shiori , Muto Satoru , Yamaguchi Raizo 
Published: July 2016

AimsUrothelial carcinoma (UC) is a globally common cancer. miR‐21 appears to be important in the tumorigenesis of almost all types of human cancer. However, its precise localization and significance in UC have yet to be clarified. The aim of this study was to examine miR‐21 expression in UC and reveal its clinicopathological importance.Methods and resultsTissue arrays of 232 UCs were examined for miR‐21 by the use of in‐situ hybridization. One hundred and forty‐eight transurethral resection specimens and 84 surgically resected specimens were used. After miR‐21 positivity had been evaluated separately in tumour cells and the tumour stroma, it was compared with clinicopathological factors and overall survival. miR‐21 was strongly expressed in tumour cells in 9% of cases and in the tumour stroma in 6% of cases. Stromal miR‐21 positivity was lower than that of cancerous miR‐21. Both miR‐21s were correlated with each other and related to tumour stage, locus, and histological grade. In addition, strong positivity of miR‐21 in cancer and the stroma was significantly related to poorer prognosis among surgically resected cases. In a Cox proportional hazard model, cancerous miR‐21 was the only independent prognostic factor except for tumour stage.ConclusionsmiR‐21 in both cancer and stromal cells is closely related to tumour progression in UC. miR‐21 may be a prognostic marker for cancer progression.
Quality of initial HIV care in Canada: extension of a composite programmatic assessment tool for HIV therapy
Authors: Kesselring S , Cescon A , Colley G , Osborne C , Zhang W , Raboud JM , Hosein SR , Burchell AN , Cooper C , Klein MB , Loutfy M , Machouf N , Montaner JSG , Rachlis A , Tsoukas C , Hogg RS , Lima VD ,   the Canadian Observational Cohort Collaboration (CANOC)
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesTo document the quality of initial HIV care in Canada using the Programmatic Compliance Score (PCS), to explore the association of the PCS with mortality, and to identify factors associated with higher quality of care.MethodsWe analysed data from the Canadian Observational Cohort Collaboration (CANOC), a multisite Canadian cohort of HIV‐positive adults initiating combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) from 2000 to 2011. PCS indicators of noncompliance with HIV treatment guidelines include: fewer than three CD4 count tests in the first year of ART; fewer than three viral load tests in the first year of ART; no drug resistance testing before initiation; baseline CD4 count < 200 cells/mm3; starting a nonrecommended ART regimen; and not achieving viral suppression within 6 months of initiation. Indicators are summed for a score from 0 to 6; higher scores indicate poorer care. Cox regression was used to assess the association between PCS and mortality and ordinal logistic regression was used to explore factors associated with higher quality of care.ResultsOf the 7460 participants (18% female), the median score was 1.0 (Q1−Q3 1.0−2.0); 21% scored 0 and 8% scored ≥ 4. In multivariable analysis, compared with a score of 0, poorer PCS was associated with mortality for scores > 1 [score = 2: adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) 1.64; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–2.36; score = 3: AHR 2.02; 95% CI 1.38–2.97; score ≥ 4: AHR 2.14; 95% CI 1.43–3.21], after adjustments for age, sex, province, ART start year, hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection, and baseline viral load. Women, individuals with HCV coinfection, younger people, and individuals starting ART earlier (2000−2003) had poorer scores.ConclusionsOur findings further validate the PCS as a predictor of all‐cause mortality. Disparities identified suggest that further efforts are needed to ensure that care is equitably accessible.