bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered functional network architecture in orbitofronto‐striato‐thalamic circuit of unmedicated patients with obsessive‐compulsive disorder
Authors: Jung Wi Hoon , Yücel Murat , Yun Je‐Yeon , Yoon Youngwoo B. , Cho Kang Ik K. , Parkes Linden , Kim Sung Nyun , Kwon Jun Soo 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDysfunction of corticostriatal loops has been proposed to underlie certain cognitive and behavioral problems associated with various neuropsychiatric disorders, such as obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) characterized by repetitive, unwanted thoughts, and behaviors. Although functional abnormalities in the loops involving the orbitofronto‐striato‐thalamic (OFST) circuitry in patients with OCD have been reported, our understanding of a link between disruptions in the architecture of the intrinsic functional network of the OFST circuit and their symptoms remain incomplete. Using resting‐state functional MRI in conjunction with unsupervised clustering and multilevel functional connectivity (FC) techniques, FC of the OFST network and its topological organization in 61 OCD patients versus 61 matched controls were characterized. Patients exhibited disruptions in small‐world properties of the OFST circuit, which indicates an imbalance between functional integration and segregation. Patients also showed decreased FC between the central orbitofrontal cortex and dorsomedial striatum but increased FC between the medial thalamus and striatal areas. Using one of the largest samples of unmedicated OCD patients to date, our findings provide evidence supporting the OFST dysconnection hypothesis in OCD as a basic pathophysiological mechanism underlying the disorder, showing the disruption of FC between specific cortical, striatal, and thalamic clusters and aberrant topological patterns of the OFST circuit. Hum Brain Mapp 38:109–119, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Risk of stroke in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lee Gin‐Yi , Lee Yu‐Ting , Yeh Chiu‐Mei , Hsu Pei , Lin Ting‐Wei , Gau Jyh‐Pyng , Yu Yuan‐Bin , Hsiao Liang‐Tsai , Tzeng Cheng‐Hwai , Chiou Tzeon‐Jye , Liu Jin‐Hwang , Liu Yao‐Chung , Liu Chia‐Jen 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCerebrovascular events are a common complication among patients with cancer, increasing morbidity and mortality. However, the association between multiple myeloma and cerebrovascular events remains unclear. We therefore investigated multiple myeloma patients' risk factors for stroke to devise a better stroke‐prevention strategy. This study includes consecutive patients 20 years and older who were newly diagnosed with symptomatic multiple myeloma at Taipei Veterans General Hospital, a tertiary medical center, between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2014. The primary outcome was stroke development. Patients with head injuries, brain tumors, brain parenchymal invasions, or antecedent malignancies were excluded. Hazard ratios (HRs) of stroke risk factors for multiple myeloma patients were estimated by Cox proportional regression analysis. Overall, 395 patients with a median age of 70 years were investigated. In the median follow‐up period of 18 months, cerebrovascular events occurred in 16 patients, including 10 ischemic strokes and 6 hemorrhagic strokes. The 5‐year estimated cumulative incidence rate was 7.45%. In the multivariate analysis, the κ light chain isotype (adjusted HR, 8.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.91‐39.8), previous cerebrovascular accidents (adjusted HR, 5.16; 95% CI, 1.48‐17.9), and serum creatinine > 2 mg/dL (adjusted HR, 4.21; 95% CI, 1.10‐16.0) were identified as independent risk factors for stroke. Subgroup analysis showed that atrial fibrillation (adjusted HR, 8.07) and previous cerebrovascular accident (adjusted HR, 4.89) are significant risk factors for ischemic stroke. Serum creatinine > 2 mg/dL (adjusted HR, 30.6) and previous cerebrovascular accident (adjusted HR, 13.9) are significant for hemorrhagic stroke. Moreover, therapeutic strategies for multiple myeloma were not associated with stroke in our study. This study demonstrates that risk of stroke increases in myeloma patients with a κ light chain isotype, previous cerebrovascular events, and renal impairment. Further prospective clinical studies to clarify the relationship between multiple myeloma and stroke are warranted.
Regulation of RNA polymerase II‐mediated transcriptional elongation: Implications in human disease
Authors: Sharma Nimisha 
Published: August 2016

AbstractExpression of protein‐coding genes is primarily regulated at the level of transcription. Most of the earlier studies focussed on understanding the assembly of the pre‐initiation complex at the promoter of genes and subsequent initiation of transcription as the regulatory steps in transcription. However, research over the last decade has demonstrated the significance of regulating transcription of genes at the elongation stage. Several new proteins have been identified that control this step and our knowledge about their functions is expanding rapidly. Moreover, an increasing body of evidence suggests that a dysfunction of these transcription elongation factors is related to several diseases. Here, we review the latest advances in our understanding about the in vivo roles of the transcription elongation factors and their link with diseases. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(9):709–716, 2016
Live endothelial cells imaged by Scanning Near‐field Optical Microscopy (SNOM): capabilities and challenges
Authors: Bulat Katarzyna , Rygula Anna , Szafraniec Ewelina , Ozaki Yukihiro , Baranska Malgorzata 
Published: August 2016

The scanning near‐field optical microscopy (SNOM) shows a potential to study details of biological samples, since it provides the optical images of objects with nanometric spatial resolution (50–200 nm) and the topographic information at the same time. The goal of this work is to demonstrate the capabilities of SNOM in transmission configuration to study human endothelial cells and their morphological changes, sometimes very subtle, upon inflammation. Various sample preparations were tested for SNOM measurements and promising results are collected to show: 1) the influence of α tumor necrosis factor (TNF‐α) on EA.hy 926 cells (measurements of the fixed cells); 2) high resolution images of various endothelial cell lines, i.e. EA.hy 926 and HLMVEC (investigations of the fixed cells in buffer environment); 3) imaging of live endothelial cells in physiological buffers. The study demonstrate complementarity of the SNOM measurements performed in air and in liquid environments, on fixed as well as on living cells. Furthermore, it is proved that the SNOM is a very useful method for analysis of cellular morphology and topography. Changes in the cell shape and nucleus size, which are the symptoms of inflammatory reaction, were noticed in TNF‐α activated EA.hy 926 cells. The cellular structures of submicron size were observed in high resolution optical images of cells from EA.hy 926 and HLMVEC lines.
magnified image
Vascular tree extraction for photoacoustic microscopy and imaging of cat primary visual cortex
Authors: Li Qian , Li Lin , Yu Tianhao , Zhao Qingliang , Zhou Chuanqing , Chai Xinyu 
Published: August 2016

A vascular tree extraction algorithm is proposed to automatically extract independent and complete vascular trees from both background and other crossed vascular trees for photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) imaging. Extracted parameters include vascular tree centerline, diameters, boundaries and three‐dimensional (3‐D) direction along the tree. Based on the concept of blood vessel tracking, the proposed algorithm extracts complete vascular trees by utilizing a ray casting framework to realize functions which includes vessel direction estimation, vessel branching detection and vessel crossover point detection. An optical‐resolution PAM (OR‐PAM) system is set up and the acquired images of cat primary visual cortex are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The proposed algorithm successfully extracts a complete and complex arteriole tree composed of multiple loop structures. Most branches and vessel crossovers in the arteriole tree are accurately extracted. Accuray of the algorithm is further tested on phantom images and real OR‐PAM vascular tree images. As the extracted parameters are directly related with monitoring hemodynamic responses at the level of vascular trees, the proposed algorithm may facilitate the application of PAM on studies of neurovascular coupling and related brain functions and diseases.
OR‐PAM maximum intensity projection image of cat primary visual cortex.magnified imageOR‐PAM maximum intensity projection image of cat primary visual cortex.
A new type of brachyuran seminal receptacle in the masked crab Ethusa mascarone (Brachyura, Ethusidae)
Authors: Hayer Sarah , Köhnk Stephanie , Boretius Susann , Brandis Dirk 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThe reproductive system of the female Ethusa mascarone was studied with a combination of histological and MRI‐techniques. The study reveals a completely new type of eubrachyuran seminal receptacle. This receptacle consists of two largely separate chambers that engage with each other in a manner similar to shaking hands. One chamber facing the medial axis is lined by cuticle while the second chamber consists of a thick holocrine epithelium. Both chambers are connected by two openings of a unique structure. First, the glandular chamber opens ventro‐laterally to the cuticle chamber via a laterally flattened connective duct that is lined by a highly folded cuticle. A second opening connects both chambers dorsally with the oviduct orifice. A distinct character is the cuticular hook‐like projection that is situated in between the connection of oviduct opening, the glandular chamber and the cuticle chamber of the seminal receptacle. The complete seminal receptacle exhibits a combination of plesiomorphic and apomorphic characters. The arrangement of the receptacles featured in two separate chambers, including the ventro‐lateral connection of the glandular chamber to the cuticle chamber, presumably reflects an early evolutionary stage of an eubrachyuran receptacle. In contrast, the dorso‐lateral opening between both chambers, including the hook‐like projection, appears to be an apomorphic character of at least E. mascarone. J. Morphol. 277:1497–1508, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Growth–climate relationships of Himalayan conifers along elevational and latitudinal gradients
Authors: Sohar Kristina , Altman Jan , Lehečková Eliška , Doležal Jiří 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTHigh mountains are some of the most vulnerable regions to climate change and therefore a matter of global concern. Here, the climatic growth factors of conifers and their course in time and space along an elevational gradient in the northwestern Himalayan part of India were studied. Increment cores of Juniperus semiglobosa and Cedrus deodara (xeric species), and Abies pindrow and Picea smithiana (mesic species) were collected from thirteen sites. Tree‐ring width and maximum latewood density were measured and cross‐dated. The time‐series were standardized and site‐ and species‐level chronologies were built. Static and moving bootstrap correlation and response functions between the tree‐ring chronologies and monthly climatic variables were computed. The largest climate changes in the region were increasing winter and early‐spring temperatures and decreasing monsoon precipitation. The growth of all species was negatively correlated with pre‐monsoon temperature, as the higher temperatures probably increased evapotranspiration and caused water deficit. The phenomenon was most pronounced in May, but also in June for the Juniperus at the northernmost, highest, and driest sites. The pre‐monsoon temperature signal of the drought‐prone Juniperus and Cedrus endured, while the signal of the climate‐susceptible Abies and Picea at the mesic sites was unstable. Namely, the May temperature signal of Picea became significant since the second half of the last century whereas the signal of Abies shifted from May to April. This apparently related to the earlier onset of spring due to the accelerated warming in the region. Besides, maximum latewood density of Picea and Abies negatively correlated with May and June temperature, respectively. Additionally, the Cedrus benefitted from winter precipitation and the Abies and Picea from pre‐monsoon rainfall. Counterintuitively, we detected no direct effect of monsoon precipitation decrease on the conifers because their growth was driven by pre‐monsoon conditions, which changed only slightly.
Persistently elevated parathyroid hormone after successful parathyroid surgery
Authors: Duke William S. , Kim Anna Song , Waller Jennifer L. , Terris David J. 
Published: August 2016

Objectives/HypothesisExplore potential causes of persistently elevated parathyroid hormone levels after curative parathyroidectomy in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism due to single gland disease.Study DesignCase series with planned data collection.MethodsAn analysis was undertaken of 314 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism undergoing parathyroid surgery in a tertiary academic practice between January 2009 and April 2013. There were 187 patients with single‐gland disease; 68 failed to meet inclusion criteria, resulting in a study population of 119 patients. Preoperative parathyroid hormone, calcium, ionized calcium, 25‐OH‐vitamin D, creatinine, and glomerular filtration rate values were determined, along with postoperative calcium, ionized calcium, and parathyroid hormone levels. Patients were divided into two groups based on their postoperative parathyroid hormone values: elevated parathyroid hormone and normal parathyroid hormone.ResultsThirty (25.2%) patients achieved postoperative normocalcemia but had elevated parathyroid hormone levels. This group had significantly higher preoperative levels of parathyroid hormone (P =.002) and creatinine (P =.007), and a lower glomerular filtration rate (P =.002) than patients with normal postoperative parathyroid hormone levels. The preoperative 25‐OH‐vitamin D level was not significantly associated with an elevated parathyroid hormone (odds ratio [OR]: 1.56). Preoperative impaired renal function, specifically an abnormal glomerular filtration rate (OR: 12.8), was significantly associated with an elevated parathyroid hormone.ConclusionsParathyroid hormone remains elevated in 25% of patients who are cured (eucalcemic) after surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism. This phenomenon was associated with higher preoperative parathyroid hormone levels and impaired renal function rather than low 25‐OH‐vitamin D levels.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 127:1720–1723, 2017
MicroRNA‐21 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma: Diagnostic and prognostic features
Authors: Erkul Evren , Yilmaz Ismail , Gungor Atila , Kurt Onuralp , Babayigit Mustafa A. 
Published: August 2016

Objectives/HypothesisWe aimed to determine the microRNA‐21 expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and assess the association between the disease and clinical characteristics of patients.Study DesignRetrospective case‐control study.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted from January 2005 to May 2011, in a tertiary hospital following tumor resection in 72 patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. We used formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue samples of laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (study group) and adjacent nontumor tissues (control group) for microRNA‐21 expressions, and we successfully extracted microRNAs detectable by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. All patients were evaluated separately, and the study and control groups were compared. The study group was assessed in terms of localization, smoking, alcohol consumption, lymph node staging, tumor stage, overall survival, disease‐free survival, perineural, and vascular invasion.ResultsAll patients were male, and the average age of patients was 64.2 ± 10.3 years. MicroRNA‐21 was upregulated in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas compared to adjacent nontumor tissues (P = .005). However, the microRNA‐21 did not differ significantly according to any clinicopathological features (P > .05). MicroRNA‐21 has been found to be expressed at lower levels in early stage (stages 1 and 2) compared with advanced stage (stages 3 and 4), but this was not statistically significant (P = .455).ConclusionsWe conclude that the microRNA‐21 level may play an important role in diagnosis and serve as a potential biomarker; such measurement thus has clinical applications. However, any possible prognostic associations with microRNA‐21 levels should be re‐evaluated in future studies on laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma samples amenable to retrospective analysis.Levels of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 2016 127:E62–E66, 2017
Factors involved in access and utilization of adult hearing healthcare: A systematic review
Authors: Barnett Margaret , Hixon Brian , Okwiri Neville , Irungu Catherine , Ayugi John , Thompson Robin , Shinn Jennifer B. , Bush Matthew L. 
Published: August 2016

Objective/HypothesisHearing loss is a public health concern, yet hearing healthcare disparities exist and influence utilization of rehabilitation services. The objective of this review was to systematically analyze the published literature on motivators, barriers, and compliance factors affecting adult patient access and utilization of hearing rehabilitation healthcare.Data SourcesPubmed, PsychINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched for relevant articles. Eligible studies were those containing original, peer‐reviewed research in English pertaining to factors affecting adult hearing healthcare access and utilization of hearing aids and cochlear implantation. The search encompassed 1990 to 2015.MethodsTwo investigators independently reviewed all articles and extracted data. Specific variables regarding access to care and compliance to recommended care were extracted from each study.ResultsThirty articles were reviewed. The factors affecting access and utilization of hearing rehabilitation could be classified into motivators, barriers, and compliance in treatment or device use. The key motivators to seek care include degree of hearing loss, self‐efficacy, family support, and self‐recognition of hearing loss. The primary barriers to care were financial limitations, stigma of hearing devices, inconvenience, competing chronic health problems, and unrealistic expectations. Compliance is most affected by self‐efficacy, education level, and engagement in the rehabilitation process.ConclusionAccessing hearing healthcare is complicated by multiple factors. Considering the current climate in healthcare policy and legislation toward improved access of care, a deeper understanding of motivators, barriers, and compliance factors can aid in delivery of effective and efficient hearing healthcare. Laryngoscope, 127:1187–1194, 2017
Einfluß von Kohlenstoff, Stickstoff und Phosphor auf die interkristalline Korrosion und Spannungsrißkorrosion des Eisens
Authors: Pyun Su‐Il , Bohnenkamp Konrad 
Published: August 2016

AbstractZum Einfluß von C, N und P auf die interkristalline Spannungsriß‐korrosion (SpRK) des Eisens wurden Versuche in siedender, konzentrierter Ca(NO3)2‐Lösung ohne Belastung, mit konstanter Belastung sowie mit konstanter Dehngeschwindigkeit durchgeführt. Die Ausgangsschmelze enthielt 20 bis 40 ppm C, 17 ppm N und 20 ppm P. Ein Teil der Proben wurde auf weniger als 10 ppm C entkohlt, ein Teil dieser Proben auf 140 bis 220 ppm N aufgestickt. Einige Proben wurden einen Monat bei 550°C getempert.Die normalisierten Proben der Ausgangsschmelze, die entkohlten sowie die aufgestickten Proben zeigten keine interkristalline Korrosion (IK) bei EH = 800 bis 1000 mV. Durch die Temperung wurden nicht entkohlte und entkohlte Proben anfällig. Für Letztere gilt das selbst bei EH = 200 mV. Auger‐Aufnahmen der hier bei tiefer Temperatur entstandenen interkristallinen Bruchflächen ergaben eine Korngrenzenanreicherung des Phosphors von 20 ppm auf rund 10 Atom%. Unter konstanter Last von 0,8 oder 0,9 Rm gingen die Proben der Ausgangsschmelze bei EH = 0 schnell zu Bruch, die entkohlten und die aufgestickten Proben hielten demgegenüber. Mit langsamer Dehnung waren die Brucharbeiten bei den nicht entkohlten Proben stark, bei den aufgestickten deutlich herabgesetzt. An den entkohlten Proben ergaben sich demgegenüber bei EH = 0 meist ähnliche Werte wie bei den Vergleichsversuchen in heißem ö1 (115°C). Eine stark erniedrigte Brucharbeit wurde hier nur nach der Temperung bei 550°C beobachtet, die auch zur IK‐Anfälligkeit bei EH = 200 geführt hatte.
Sulfide‐promoters and acetylenic inhibitors of hydrogen penetration of 4130 steel
Authors: Nobe Ken , Saito Y. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe rates of the hydrogen evolution reaction (h.e.r.), corrosion (icorr) and hydrogen penetration (h.p.) of AlSI 4130 steel in H2 SO4 (PH 2) have been determined. These rates for film‐free (fresh) surfaces and film‐covered (aged) surfaces are shown to be substantially different. Sulfide‐promoted h.p. of this steel by H2S and thiourea and hexynol, in the absence and presence of halides (Cl, Br and I) have been examined. Both acetylenes are effective inhibitors for corrosion and h.p. of this steel. Furthermore, hexynol has been shown to reduce significantly sulfide‐promoted h.p. with the effect completely eliminated in H2SO4‐KI solutions. The h.p. experiments indicate that the hydrogen concentration in 4130 steel can be almost 3 orders of magnitude greater than in Ferrovac E iron.
Zur Schwingungsrißkorrosion feuerverzinkter Schweißverbindungen unter Dauertauch‐ und Wechseltauchbeanspruchung
Authors: Olivier Rainer 
Published: August 2016

AbstractZink‐Überzüge gewinnen als Korrosionsschutz schwingbeanspruchter Schweißkonstruktionen an Bedeutung. Da entsprechende Bemessungsunterlagen im allgemeinen nicht verfügbar sind, werden Wöhler‐und Betriebsfestigkeitsversuche an Kehlnahtschweißverbindungen durchgeführt unter Dauertauchbeanspruchung in künstlichem Meerwasser oder unter Wechseltauchbeanspruchung in 5%‐NaCl‐Lösung unter Einbeziehung einer Vielzahl werkstofflicher, geometrischer und fertigungstechnischer Parameter. Die Auswertung der Ergebnisse liefert verläßliche Hinweise zum Einfluß des Feuerverzinkens auf die Schwingungsrißkorrosion von Schweißverbindungen.