bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reading Scientific Atheism Against the Grain
Authors: Ragaz Stefan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractReviewing a current publication on the academic study of religion in Eastern Europe the article proposes to read the scholarly output of Soviet Marxist-Leninist so-called scientific atheism not primarily with regard to its anti-religious ideological imprint, but as the expression of a specific discourse on the essence of religion that shows parallels with the Western study of religion of that time. As an example for such a comparison, two texts by the Soviet scholar of religion Iosif Kryvelev are discussed.
Religious Symbols and State Regulation
Authors: McGoldrick Dominic 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Religious symbols are historically significant and socially powerful. They have many forms and functions. Their legal regulation presents difficult challenges for courts, particularly international courts. This article examines how the European Court of Human Rights has approached the regulation of the regulation of religious symbols by national jurisdictions. It submits that the fundamental touchstone of the Court’s jurisprudence lies in its approach to secularism. It has accepted secularism as consistent with the values underpinning the Convention. This is a strategic and sensible approach. There are limits imposed by the prohibitions on discrimination and indoctrination. Beyond secularism there have been tentative steps towards a balancing / reasonable accommodation approach but the Court appreciates that the balances are difficult ones on which reasonable people, and even reasonable states, may legitimately disagree.
Pre-attack signs and symptoms in cluster headache: Characteristics and time profile
Authors: Snoer Agneta , Lund Nunu , Beske Rasmus , Jensen Rigmor , Barloese Mads 
Published: August 2017

Introduction In contrast to the premonitory phase of migraine, little is known about the pre-attack (prodromal) phase of a cluster headache. We aimed to describe the nature, prevalence, and duration of pre-attack symptoms in cluster headache. Methods Eighty patients with episodic cluster headache or chronic cluster headache, according to ICHD-3 beta criteria, were invited to participate. In this observational study, patients underwent a semi-structured interview where they were asked about the presence of 31 symptoms/signs in relation to a typical cluster headache attack. Symptoms included previously reported cluster headache pre-attack symptoms, premonitory migraine symptoms and accompanying symptoms of migraine and cluster headache. Results Pre-attack symptoms were reported by 83.3% of patients, with an average of 4.25 (SD 3.9) per patient. Local and painful symptoms, occurring with a median of 10 minutes before attack, were reported by 70%. Local and painless symptoms and signs, occurring with a median of 10 minutes before attack, were reported by 43.8% and general symptoms, occurring with a median of 20 minutes before attack, were reported by 62.5% of patients. Apart from a dull/aching sensation in the attack area being significantly ( p < 0.05) more frequent among men and episodic patients, compared with women and chronic patients respectively, no other differences in the prevalence of pre-attack symptoms were identified between groups. Conclusion Pre-attack symptoms are frequent in cluster headache. Since the origin of cluster headache attacks is still unresolved, studies of pre-attack symptoms could contribute to the understanding of cluster headache pathophysiology. Furthermore, identification and recognition of pre-attack symptoms could potentially allow earlier abortive treatment.
Cost analysis of telerehabilitation after arthroscopic subacromial decompression
Authors: Pastora-Bernal Jose Manuel , Martín-Valero Rocío , Barón-López Francisco Javier 
Published: August 2017

Background Subacromial impingement syndrome poses a substantial socioeconomic burden, leading to significant consumption of healthcare. Health systems are calling for greater evidence of economic impacts of particular healthcare services. Telerehabilitation programmes have the potential to reduce costs and improve patient access as an alternative to traditional care. Cost analysis has been traditionally included in study protocols and results, although the reliability and research methodology have frequently been under debate. The aim of this study was to compare costs related to a telerehabilitation programme versus conventional physiotherapy following subacromial decompression surgery (ASD). Methods The study was embedded in a randomised controlled trial. The economic analysis was based on the perspective of the health sector and the human capital method. Only the costs associated with the provision of physiotherapy services were taken into account. Costs were measured during the intervention period between baseline and 12 weeks for both groups. Student’s t-test was used to compare independent variables between the two groups, with a 95% confidence interval for the estimates and real costs. Results The estimated total cost analysis shows a preliminary cost differential in favour of the telerehabilitation group, meaning that for each participant’s total intervention, telerehabilitation saves 29.8% of the costs. Real cost analysis, only for received treatments, shows a cost differential in favour of telerehabilitation, meaning that for each participant’s total intervention, telerehabilitation saves 22.15% of the costs incurred for conventional rehabilitation. Conclusions Our study provides direct and meaningful information about telerehabilitation opportunities and can be an essential component in further cost evaluations for different strategies after surgical procedures. This study demonstrates that there was a trend towards lower healthcare costs after ASD. Managers now have the responsibility to decide whether to implement telerehabilitation based on clinical and economic data.
Complex clavicle fractures in children: Kids are not little adults
Authors: Stepanyan Hayk , Hennrikus William , Flynn Derek , Gendelberg David 
Published: August 2017

Background The clavicle is the most commonly fractured bone in the body and accounts for 10–15% of all pediatric fractures. Adult patients with complete midshaft clavicle fractures often undergo surgical management. Pediatric patients have a thicker periosteum, more robust blood supply and a greater healing potential. Controversy exists as to whether to treat adolescents with surgery similar to adults versus with a sling as children are treated. Some orthopaedic surgeons are now operating on adolescent clavicle fractures. Objective The objective of the study was to evaluate the outcomes of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures in adolescent who were treated conservatively with a sling. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of 25 pediatric patients aged 12–16 with complete midshaft clavicle fracture. The outcomes of the study were bony union and functional outcomes such as pain, problems with ADL measured by the modified Disability of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score. Results All patients in our cohort had excellent outcomes at follow-up visits with no complaints of pain or limitations of activities of daily living. Mean follow-up time was 12 months. All patients had perfect modified DASH score of 18. Injury radiographs demonstrated an average of 13 mm shortening initially and 8 mm shortening in final follow-up. Average fracture angulation at final follow-up was 15°. Normal clavicle angulation at the mid shaft is 8°. All clavicles healed completely with no case of malunion or non-union reported. Conclusion Clavicle fractures are common. Although operative treatment of clavicle fractures in the adult population is gaining popularity due to issues in adults with non-union and malunion, the adolescent population is different. The adolescent clavicle fracture demonstrates robust healing and remodeling and complete return to full function. We therefore recommend that adolescent patients aged 12–16 with complete clavicle fracture be treated conservatively with a sling.
“Stay Strong, Stay Sexy, Stay Native”: Storying Indigenous youth HIV prevention activism
Authors: Flicker Sarah ,   Native Youth Sexual Health Network, Wilson Ciann , Monchalin Renée , Oliver Vanessa , Prentice Tracey , Jackson Randy , Larkin June , Mitchell Claudia , Restoule Jean-Paul 
Published: August 2017

Background Taking Action II is a community-based participatory action research project that adopted a strengths-based approach to thinking about Indigenous youth HIV prevention activism. Eighteen diverse Indigenous youth leaders produced digital stories about Indigenizing HIV prevention during the summer of 2012 at a week-long retreat. Youth were interviewed twice: right after they created their stories and again after community screenings. In the summer of 2013, youth reunited to collaboratively analyze the themes and meanings of their stories. Seven overlapping themes emerged that demonstrated how youth see HIV in the context of their lives' and community. The stories make connections between HIV and structural violence, culture and relationships. In particular, in the context of HIV prevention, they focus on (1) the role of family and elders, (2) traditional sacred notions of sexuality, (3) the importance of education, (4) reclaiming history, (5) focusing on strength, (6) Indigenous cosmology and (7) overcoming addictions. In contrast to conventional public health messaging, youth produced stories rarely focused on individual harm reduction strategies. Instead, ideas of Indigeneity and decolonization were foregrounded as key strategies for health promotion work.
Threshold effect of G9a/Glp on peripheral nerve injury-induced hypersensitivity
Authors: Wang Xian , Shen Xiaofeng , Ma Shaolei , Liu Yusheng , Xu Shiqin , Wu Shizheng , Wang Fuzhou 
Published: August 2017

Background Previous studies disclosed the pivotal role of methyltransferase complex G9a/Glp in the pathogenesis of neuropathic hypersensitivity induced by peripheral nerve injury. We observed that higher dose of G9a inhibitor improved nociceptive behavior, but the lower dose worsened pain. The aim of this study is to extensively observe the differential effect of various dosages of G9a/Glp inhibitors on nerve injury-induced allodynia. Materials and methods After approval by the institutional ethical committee on pain research in conscious animals, C57BL/6 mice were used for measuring nociceptive behavior evoked with von Frey filaments after spared nerve injury. G9a/Glp inhibitor BIX01294 or UNC0638 was injected through the pre-buried intrathecal catheter. The dose–response curves of behavioral changes were depicted when inhibitors were administered once in bolus at the 14th day post spared nerve injury. Withdrawal behaviors were compared during the 49 days’ observation window after spared nerve injury with various dosages of inhibitors injected intrathecally for 14 days. Results Dose–behavior curves of a single bolus of both BIX01294 and UNC0638 displayed a “V”-shaped responses of allodynia withdrawal from lower through higher dose when measured at the 14th day post spared nerve injury. A threshold dose of 10.0 µg for BIX01294 and 80.0 µg for UNC0638 significantly worsened allodynia. However, daily bolus intrathecal injection for 14 days of both inhibitors lower or higher than these threshold doses prominently improved nociceptive behavior, producing contrasting results. On the same animal, threshold dose followed by a lower or higher dose with a 14 days’ interval also showed contrast effect on nociceptive behavior, and a lower or higher dose to threshold dose sequence of inhibitor administration was vice versa. Conclusions Methyltransferase complex G9a/Glp has a threshold role in mediating peripheral nerve injury-induced hypersensitivity at its low level versus high level through inhibiting and facilitating the nociceptive behavior, respectively.
Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in elderly patients with anemia: response and cardiovascular outcomes
Authors: Gowanlock Zachary , Sriram Swetha , Martin Alison , Xenocostas Anargyros , Lazo-Langner Alejandro 
Published: August 2017

Key Points
ESAs can treat anemia of unknown etiology, and responses may be similar to those in CKD. No statistically significant increase in cardiovascular events in those receiving ESAs was detected, but a type II error cannot be excluded.
Pregnancy following laparoscopic hysteropexy—a case series
Authors: Jefferis Helen , Price Natalia , Jackson Simon 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Background
Uterine-preserving prolapse surgery offers the chance to retain fertility; however, limited data is available for the safety of pregnancy following surgery and the effect of pregnancy on surgical outcome. Our operative technique involves mesh encircling the cervix and uterine arteries, which raises concerns that compromise of uterine blood flow during pregnancy may lead to foetal growth restriction. We also think this necessitates delivery by caesarean section. We report on six pregnancy outcomes following laparoscopic hysteropexy. Primary outcomes were live birth and birth weight. Secondary outcomes were integrity of mesh and immediate effect on prolapse.

Results
All patients had successful pregnancy outcomes with birth weights on or above the 10th centile. There was no effect on mesh integrity seen in any of the cases. There was no deterioration in apical prolapse when assessed post delivery, but two patients had new onset anterior vaginal wall prolapse.

Conclusions
We think our technique of hysteropexy is safe for those wishing to conceive. Larger numbers are needed to allow robust evidence-based guidance for patients and clinicians.
Phase I/II Trial of Labetuzumab Govitecan (Anti-CEACAM5/SN-38 Antibody-Drug Conjugate) in Patients With Refractory or Relapsing Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Dotan Efrat , Cohen Steven J. , Starodub Alexander N. , Lieu Christopher H. , Messersmith Wells A. , Simpson Pamela S. , Guarino Michael J. , Marshall John L. , Goldberg Richard M. , Hecht J. Randolph , Wegener William A. , Sharkey Robert M. , Govindan Serengulam V. , Goldenberg David M. , Berlin Jordan D. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose The objectives were to evaluate dosing schedules of labetuzumab govitecan, an antibody-drug conjugate targeting carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 (CEACAM5) for tumor delivery of 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38), in an expanded phase II trial of patients with relapsed or refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. Patients and Methods Eligible patients with at least one prior irinotecan-containing therapy received labetuzumab govitecan once weekly at 8 and 10 mg/kg, or two times per week at 4 and 6 mg/km on weeks 1 and 2 of 3-week repeated cycles. End points were safety, response, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity. Results Eighty-six patients who had undergone a median of five prior therapies (range, one to 13) were each enrolled into one of the four cohorts. On the basis of Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1, 38% of these patients had a tumor as well as plasma carcinoembryonic antigen reduction from baseline after labetuzumab govitecan treatment; one patient achieved a partial response with a sustained response spanning > 2 years, whereas 42 patients had stable disease as the best overall response. Median progression-free survival and overall survival were 3.6 and 6.9 months, respectively. The major toxicities (grade ≥ 3) among all cohorts were neutropenia (16%), leukopenia (11%), anemia (9%), and diarrhea (7%). The antibody-drug conjugate’s mean half-life was 16.5 hours for the four cohorts. Anti-drug/anti-antibody antibodies were not detected. The two once-weekly dose schedules, showing comparable toxicity and efficacy, were chosen for further study. Conclusion Monotherapy with labetuzumab govitecan demonstrated a manageable safety profile and therapeutic activity in heavily pretreated patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, all with prior irinotecan therapy. Further studies of labetuzumab govitecan treatment alone or in combination with other therapies in earlier settings are indicated.
Using data from a multi-hospital clinical network to explore prevalence of pediatric rickets in Kenya
Authors: Karuri Stella W. , Murithi Maureen K. , Irimu Grace , English Mike ,   Clinical Information Network authors
Published: August 2017

Background: Nutritional rickets is a public health concern in developing countries despite tropical climates and a re-emerging issue in developed countries. In this study, we reviewed pediatric admission data from the Clinical Information Network (CIN) to help determine hospital and region based prevalence of rickets in three regions of Kenya (Central Kenya, Western Kenya and Nairobi County). We also examine the association of rickets with other diagnosis, such as malnutrition and pneumonia, and study the effect of rickets on regional hospital stays. Methods: We analyzed discharge records for children aged 1 month to 5 years from county (formerly district) hospitals in the CIN, with admissions from February 1st 2014 to February 28th 2015. The strength of the association between rickets and key demographic factors, as well as with malnutrition and pneumonia, was assessed using odds ratios. The Fisher exact test was used to test the significance of the estimated odd ratios. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to analyze length of hospital stays. Results: There was a marked difference in prevalence across the three regions, with Nairobi having the highest number of cases of rickets at a proportion of 4.01%, followed by Central Region at 0.92%. Out of 9756 admissions in the Western Region, there was only one diagnosis of rickets. Malnutrition was associated with rickets; this association varied regionally. Pneumonia was found to be associated with rickets in Central Kenya. Children diagnosed with rickets had longer hospital stays, even when cases of malnutrition and pneumonia were excluded in the analysis. Conclusion: There was marked regional variation in hospital based prevalence of rickets, but in some regions it is a common clinical diagnosis suggesting the need for targeted public health interventions. Factors such as maternal and child nutrition, urbanization and cultural practices might explain these differences.
A perfect storm: an elderly population, increasing obesity and rises in diabetes and dementia
Authors: Nazarko Linda 
Published: August 2017

Linda Nazarko examines interconnected problems that have serious implications for public health and explores ways for those with dementia to better manage diabetes The UK population is ageing, levels of obesity and being overweight are rising and these changes have led to increased numbers of people in the UK developing dementia and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2). Diabetes can increase the risks of developing dementia and dementia can make it more difficult to manage diabetes. This article explores these issues and also how health promotion can reduce the risks of a person developing DMT2 and dementia.
Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation in neoadjuvant therapy of locally advanced rectal cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Fusco Roberta , Petrillo Mario , Granata Vincenza , Filice Salvatore , Sansone Mario , Catalano Orlando , Petrillo Antonella 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Background
The aim of the study was to present an update concerning several imaging modalities in diagnosis, staging and pre-surgery treatment response assessment in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Modalities include: traditional morphological magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional MRI such as dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). A systematic review about the diagnostic accuracy in neoadjuvant therapy response assessment of MRI, DCE-MRI, DWI and Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) has been also reported.

Methods
Several electronic databases were searched including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. All the studies included in this review reported findings about therapy response assessment in LARC by means of MRI, DCE-MRI, DWI and PET/CT with details about diagnostic accuracy, true and false negatives, true and false positives. Forest plot and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis were performed. Risk of bias and the applicability at study level were calculated.

Results
Twenty-five papers were identified. ROC curves analysis demonstrated that multimodal imaging integrating morphological and functional MRI features had the best accuracy both in term of sensitivity and specificity to evaluate preoperative therapy response in LARC. DCE-MRI following to PET/CT showed high diagnostic accuracy and their results are also more reliable than conventional MRI and DWI alone.

Conclusions
Morphological MRI is the modality of choice for rectal cancer staging permitting a correct assessment of the disease extent, of the lymph node involvement, of the mesorectal fascia and of the sphincter complex for surgical planning. Multimodal imaging and functional DCE-MRI may also help in the assessment of treatment response allowing to guide the surgeon versus conservative strategies and/or tailored approach such as “wait and see” policy.
Smoothness of Malliavin derivatives and dissipativity of solutions to two-dimensional micropolar fluid system
Authors: Yamazaki Kazuo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMicropolar fluids have microstructure and belong to a class of fluids with nonsymmetric stress tensor. We study the incompressible two-dimensional micropolar fluid system with periodic boundary condition forced by random noise that is white-in-time. In particular, we obtain a sufficient condition on the size of the angular viscosity coefficients in comparison to the vortex and kinematic viscosity coefficients so that the solution to this system is smooth in the Malliavin sense. In addition, we prove a result concerning an orthogonal projection onto a finite number of Fourier modes, taking advantage of the dissipative nature of the system.
Gesellschaftstheorie als Wissenschaft
Authors: Luhmann Niklas 
Published: August 2017

Zusammenfassung
Der hier vorgelegte Text expliziert das methodische Selbstverständnis einer funktionalistisch verfahrenden Systemtheorie, indem er ihre Position mit den Positionen der beiden Gegner im soziologischen Positivismusstreit vergleicht. Dieser Vergleich von Funktionalismus, Dialektik und Falsifikationsmethode wird als eine ihrerseits funktionale Analyse des Wissenschaftssystems angelegt. Das Bezugsproblem liegt in der Frage nach der Einführung eines limitierenden Sonderhorizontes von anderen Möglichkeiten, der in jedem wissenschaftlich ergiebigen Negationsgebrauch vorausgesetzt ist. Dabei stellt sich heraus, dass die Falsifikationsmethode jene anderen Möglichkeiten nur wissenschaftsimmanent thematisiert, nämlich als Möglichkeit konkurrierender Hypothesen, die am immer schon bestimmten Gegenstand geprüft werden können, während Dialektik und Funktionalismus sich auf sehr verschiedene Weise von der Vorgabe eines bestimmten Gegenstandes zu lösen versuchen. Die Negation anderer Möglichkeiten, die in der jeweiligen Bestimmtheit des Gegenstandes vorliegt, wird in beiden Fällen ihm selbst zugerechnet, und Aufgabe der Wissenschaft ist es demgemäß, den Gegenstand als eine sich selbst limitierende Komplexität zu begreifen. Die Einsicht gestattet es zum einen, die komplementären Aufgaben von funktionalem Vergleich und kausaler Erklärung zu präzisieren, zum anderen trägt sie die Analyse der Differenz von konjunktiven und disjunktiven Formen der Äquivalenz von Problemlösungen.