bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers and facilitators for implementing a new screening tool in an emergency department: A qualitative study applying the Theoretical Domains Framework
Authors: Kirk Jeanette W , Sivertsen Ditte M , Petersen Janne , Nilsen Per , Petersen Helle V 
Published: June 2016

AimThe aim was to identify the factors that were perceived as most important as facilitators or barriers to the introduction and intended use of a new tool in the emergency department among nurses and a geriatric team.BackgroundA high incidence of functional decline after hospitalisation for acute medical illness has been shown in the oldest patients and those who are physically frail. In Denmark, more than 35% of older medical patients acutely admitted to the emergency department are readmitted within 90 days after discharge. A new screening tool for use in the emergency department aiming to identify patients at particularly high risk of functional decline and readmission was developed.DesignQualitative study based on semistructured interviews with nurses and a geriatric team in the emergency department and semistructured single interviews with their managers.MethodsThe Theoretical Domains Framework guided data collection and analysis. Content analysis was performed whereby new themes and themes already existing within each domain were described.ResultsSix predominant domains were identified: (1) professional role and identity; (2) beliefs about consequences; (3) goals; (4) knowledge; (5) optimism and (6) environmental context and resources. The content analysis identified three themes, each containing two subthemes. The themes were professional role and identity, beliefs about consequences and preconditions for a successful implementation.ConclusionsTwo different cultures were identified in the emergency department. These cultures applied to different professional roles and identity, different actions and sense making and identified how barriers and facilitators linked to the new screening tool were perceived.Relevance for clinical practiceThe results show that different cultures exist in the same local context and influence the perception of barriers and facilitators differently. These cultures must be identified and addressed when implementation is planned.
District nurses' perspectives on detecting mental health problems and promoting mental health among community‐dwelling seniors with multimorbidity
Authors: Grundberg Åke , Hansson Anna , Hillerås Pernilla , Religa Dorota 
Published: June 2016

Aims and objectivesTo describe district nurses' perspectives on detecting mental health problems and promoting mental health among homebound older people with multimorbidity.BackgroundMental health problems among older people with multiple chronic conditions, that is, multimorbidity, are challenging issues. These patients' homes often serve as arenas in which district nurses can promote health. Mental health promotion must be studied in greater depth within primary care because older people with multimorbidity are particularly prone to developing poor mental health, which can go undetected and untreated.DesignA descriptive, qualitative study using semi‐structured interviews and content analysis.MethodsTwenty‐five district nurses completed individual or focus group interviews. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsMost district nurses stated that detecting mental health problems and promoting mental health were important tasks but that they typically focused on more practical home health care tasks. The findings revealed that district nurses focused on assessment, collaboration and social support as means of detecting mental health problems and promoting mental health.ConclusionsThe district nurses described various factors and actions that appeared to be important prerequisites for their involvement in primary mental health care. Nevertheless, there were no established goals for mental health promotion, and district nurses often seemed to depend on their collaboration with other actors. Our findings indicated that district nurses cannot bear the primary responsibility for the early detection of mental health problems and early interventions to promote mental health within this population.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings of this study indicated that workforce training and collaboration between different care providers are important elements in the future development of this field. Early detection and early treatment of mental health‐related issues should also be stated as explicit objectives in the provision of care to community‐dwelling older people with multimorbidity.
Per capita increase in hospital presentations and admissions among children since the 1990s
Authors: Hardy Andrew , Fuller David G , Forrester Mike , Anderson Kym P , Cooper Chris , Jenner Bernard , Marshall Isaac , Mccloskey Kate , Sanderson Christine , Standish Jane , Vuillermin Peter 
Published: June 2016

AimData regarding temporal trends in per capita paediatric hospital presentations and admissions are required to inform health system and workforce planning.MethodsEmergency Department (ED) presentations and admissions to the University Hospital Geelong among patients aged 0 to 16 years over a 12‐month period (2012–2013) were determined by review of hospital records and then compared with similar data collected during 1996/1997.1 During each period, the Geelong region was serviced by a single ED, enabling us to estimate per capita presentation and admission rates.ResultsSince 1996/1997, per capita paediatric presentations to the ED increased from 643 to 1837 per 10 000 (186%; 95% confidence interval 181% to 191%). Moreover, the proportion of paediatric ED presentations resulting in hospital admission increased from 12.3% to 18.3% (49%; 95% confidence interval 39% to 59%).ConclusionsThere has been a substantial absolute and per capita increase in paediatric ED presentations and hospital admissions since the 1990s. These trends place an increasing burden on the public hospital system, and strategies are required to promote paediatric acute care in the ambulatory setting.
The History of Emotions and Middle English Literature
Authors: Downes Stephanie , McNamara Rebecca F. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCritics have long addressed questions of affect, feeling and emotional expression in Middle English literature, but only in recent years has their interest begun to take theoretical form under the rubric of the ‘history of emotions’. Current critical attitudes to the study of emotions in the past have been shaped substantially by the work of historians, whose focus on emotion in documentary sources has been influenced in turn by research in the fields of sociology, anthropology, psychology, linguistics and, increasingly, the cognitive sciences. How might existing methodologies situating emotions historically drive new approaches in Middle English literary studies? This article contends that existing analyses of Middle English literature relating to affective discourses might fruitfully be brought into conversation with new multidisciplinary forms of research into past emotions. We survey current critical trends in both the history of emotions and in Middle English literature. Case studies of two late Middle English literary texts, the anonymousSir Orfeoand Geoffrey Chaucer'sTroilus and Criseyde, show how the last fifty years of scholarship has addressed emotions in Middle English literature. We conclude by suggesting future directions that might be taken up by critics of medieval English literary texts and genres to develop further the relationship between literary studies and the history of emotions.
The Object of His Heart: Subjectivity and Affect in Mystic Texts
Authors: Libby Christine 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis essay examines how attention to affect in mystic texts complicates notions of subjectivity by highlighting the relational effects of affect. Noting that recent pre‐modern scholarship has favored the history of emotion over affect studies, this essay turns instead to an investigation of the ways that affect can be discerned in historical and literary texts. Shifting attention to the way affect travels between author, text, and reader allows me to problematize the formulation of the mystic/woman as a hyper‐emotional subject and move towards an investigation of how the cultivation and repetition of affect contribute to the formation of relational communities.
Evangelic Provocation: Location of Anger in Medieval Conversion Narratives
Authors: Malegam Jehangir Yezdi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article explores the range of cultural scripts made available to medieval hagiographers when they depicted anger in accounts of mission and conversion. The focus is communities with prominent “lapsed” Christians, who then become targets of re‐conversion. By reconstructing templates of emotional change and redemption associated with anger in these narratives, we are better able to see how mission hagiographers reconciled extended, politicized and violent Christianization processes with sudden, dramatic conversions. The use of these emotional templates can also be located in the immediate circumstances and longstanding communal pressures of the monastic communities that produced these conversion narratives.
A novel approach to field identification of cryptic Apodemus wood mice: calls differ more than morphology
Authors: Ancillotto Leonardo , Mori Emiliano , Sozio Giulia , Solano Emanuela , Bertolino Sandro , Russo Danilo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractField identification of European wood mice Apodemus spp. is challenging due to their morphological resemblance and frequent sympatry. We developed discriminant functions based on body mass and acoustic variables of distress calls to identify three cryptic species of wood mice (Apodemus alpicola, Apodemus flavicollis and Apodemus sylvaticus) in Italy. We achieved an overall correct classification rate of 86–98%; the best results (100% correct classification) were obtained for Apodemus sylvaticus calls. This minimally invasive, effective and low‐cost method highlights the potential role of bioacoustics as a powerful tool for field discrimination of cryptic species of terrestrial mammals.
Microscopic Models and Network Transformations for Automated Railway Traffic Planning
Authors: Bešinović Nikola , Goverde Rob M.P. , Quaglietta Egidio 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article tackles the real‐world planning problem of railway operations. Improving the timetable planning process will result in more reliable product plans and a higher quality of service for passengers and freight operators. We focus on the microscopic models for computing accurate track blocking times for guaranteeing feasibility and stability of railway timetables. A conflict detection and resolution model manages feasibility by identifying conflicts and computing minimum headway times that provide conflict‐free services. The timetable compression method is used for computing capacity consumption and verifying the stability according to the UIC Capacity Code 406. Furthermore, the microscopic models have been incorporated in a multilevel timetabling framework for completely automated generation of timetables. The approach is demonstrated in a real‐world case study from the Dutch railway network. Practitioners can use these microscopic timetabling models as an important component in the timetabling process to improve the general quality of timetables.
Study of the Atopic March: Development of Atopic Comorbidities
Authors: Schneider Lynda , Hanifin Jon , Boguniewicz Mark , Eichenfield Lawrence F. , Spergel Jonathan M. , Dakovic Rada , Paller Amy S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is often the first step in the atopic march leading to the development of asthma or allergic rhinitis. The goal of this study was to determine whether early intervention with pimecrolimus limits the atopic march in infants with AD and to evaluate its efficacy and safety.MethodsThis was a 3‐year double‐blind study in which patients were randomized to pimecrolimus or vehicle and then open‐label pimecrolimus for a planned further 3 years. Rescue topical corticosteroid was permitted if 3 days of study medication led to no improvement; investigators made decisions on rescue medication until week 14 and caregivers thereafter. Efficacy assessments included disease‐free days, Eczema Area and Severity Index, and body surface area affected.ResultsInfants ages 3 to 18 months with recent‐onset AD (≤3 months) were observed for a mean of 2.8 years (N = 1,091). No significant differences between pimecrolimus‐ and placebo‐treated groups were found in the percentage of patients with AD who developed asthma (10.7%) or other allergic conditions (allergic rhinitis, 22.4%; food allergy, 15.9%; allergic conjunctivitis, 14.1%; one or more atopic comorbidities, 37.0%) by study end. Allergic rhinitis, food allergy, and having one or more atopic comorbidities (but not asthma or allergic conjunctivitis alone) developed significantly more often in infants with greater AD severity at baseline. Pimecrolimus was significantly more effective than vehicle for AD treatment at week 14. Adverse event incidences were similar.ConclusionsThis longitudinal observation of infants with AD provides evidence of the atopic march. Pimecrolimus was safe and effective in infants with mild to moderate AD.
Needs assessment for collaborative network in pediatric clinical research and education
Authors: Ishiguro Akira , Sasaki Hatoko , Yahagi Naohisa , Kato Hitoshi , Kure Shigeo , Mori Rintaro 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundA collaborative network for pediatric research has not been fully established in Japan. To identify the network infrastructure, we conducted a survey on the support and education for clinical research currently available in children's hospitals.MethodsIn November 2014, a 27‐question survey was distributed to 31 hospitals belonging to the Japanese Association of Children's Hospitals and Related Institutions (JACHRI) to assess clinical research support, research education, research achievements, and their expectations.ResultsAll the hospitals responded to the survey. Overall, 74.2% of hospitals had clinical research support divisions. Although all hospitals had ethics committees, <30% of the hospitals had a data manager, intellectual property management unit, biostatistician, and English‐language editor. Seven hospitals had education programs for clinical research. The number of seminars and workshops for clinical research had significant correlations with the number of physicians (r = 0.927), pediatricians (r = 0.922), and clinical trial management physicians (r = 0.962). There was a significant difference in the number of clinical trials initiated by physicians between hospitals with research education programs and those without (P < 0.01). The number of education programs was significantly correlated with the number of original articles and case reports in English (r = 0.788), and the number of publications in Japanese (r = 0.648). All hospitals recognized the need for a leader to establish a collaborative network for clinical research.ConclusionsImportant factors for creating a collaborative system for pediatric research in Japan were identified. Human resources to support clinical research are a key factor to improve clinical research education and research achievements.
Social Support and Exclusive Breast feeding among Canadian Women
Authors: Laugen Chris M. , Islam Nazrul , Janssen Patricia A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe World Health Organization recommendation for exclusive breast feeding for 6 months has been endorsed by Health Canada, the Canadian Pediatric Society, Dietitians of Canada, and the Breastfeeding Committee for Canada as of 2012. This study examines whether social support is associated with exclusive breast feeding up to 6 months among Canadian mothers.MethodsWe utilised data from the Canadian Community Health Survey and limited our sample to mothers who gave birth in the 5 years prior to the 2009–2010 survey (n = 2133). Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between exclusive breast feeding and four dimensions of social support: (i) tangible, (ii) affectionate, (iii) positive social interaction, and (iv) emotional and informational, based on the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale. Absolute and relative differences in the probability of breast feeding exclusively and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated.ResultsIn adjusted models, differences in the probability of exclusive breast feeding for 6 months were not different among women with high vs. low social support. The association between social support and breastfeeding exclusively was modified by education level, with significantly higher probability of breast feeding exclusively among women with lower education and high vs. low levels of tangible and affectionate support.ConclusionsAmong women with education below a high school level, high tangible and affectionate support significantly increased probability of exclusive breast feeding for 6 months in this study. Efforts to encourage exclusive breast feeding need to address social support for mothers, especially those with lower education.
Publication Rate and Evidence‐Based Evaluation of Abstracts Presented at the American College of Veterinary Surgeon's Annual Meeting
Authors: Torres Bryan T. , Dover Ryan K. , Sapora Joseph A. , Sandberg Gabriella S. , Budsberg Steven C. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveTo document the publication rate of abstracts presented at 10 ACVS conferences and report the time required for publication and level of evidence.Study DesignLiterature review.MethodsAll scientific abstracts published in the ACVS proceedings from 2001 to 2010 were reviewed. The level of evidence of each abstract was evaluated and scored (1–4). Publication information was determined after a broad bibliographic search through multiple online databases.ResultsThe overall publication rate for ACVS abstracts (n=1,395) was 66% and 11% were published before conference presentation. The majority of abstracts focused on the dog (35%) or the horse (33%). Most (90%) abstracts were submitted to veterinary‐based journals. The median time (interquartile range [IQR]) from abstract presentation to journal submission was 222 days (107–541), from journal submission to acceptance for publication was 122 days (89–185), and from acceptance to publication in a journal was 208 days (151–289). The time from abstract presentation to final publication took 449 days (238–794). Of the abstracts, 4% were of level 1 evidence, 9% level 2, 66% level 3, and 21% level 4. Studies with a higher level of evidence were submitted, accepted, and published quicker than ones with a lower level of evidence. The publication rate was 61%, 71%, 68%, and 65% for level 1, 2, 3, 4 evidence, respectively.ConclusionThe publication rate of scientific abstracts presented at the ACVS conferences is comparable to other biomedical conferences. The subject matter is limited in scope and focused mainly on dogs or horses. Most abstracts contained lower level of evidence. Studies with higher levels of evidence were submitted, accepted, and published more timely. However, the publication rate was similar for abstracts of all levels of evidence.
Microstructural Characterization of Sm-Co Magnets
Authors: Victoria Patricia Iglesias , Yin Weimin , Gupta Surendra K. , Constantinides Steve 
Published: June 2016

Samarium cobalt permanent magnets have been widely used for their excellent intrinsic magnetic properties such as very high Curie temperature, high anisotropy fields and most importantly excellent temperature coefficients of induction and coercivity. These materials have continuing industrial interest especially for applications operating at elevated temperatures and in the presence of high demagnetizing fields, such as particle accelerators, high frequency traveling wave tubes (TWTs), servo-motors and automotive and aerospace applications. An area of opportunity for improving performance of SmCo magnets is increasing magnet toughness — resistance to fracture.
Like all other sintered rare earth magnetic materials, SmCo magnets are based on intermetallic compounds which are intrinsically brittle and can crack in the course of fabrication, machine work, and installation in the application. Increased toughness would also reduce handling sensitivity of magnetized magnets. For many years, studies on SmCo magnets have been focused on their magnetic properties, but the mechanical characteristics, strengthening and toughening mechanisms have been rarely reported. Understanding the phase and structural transformations induced in the SmCo magnets during the manufacturing process offers insight into potential modifications — chemical or processing-related. In this study, microstructural characterizations of 1:5 and 2:17 Sm-Co magnets were carried out using optical and scanning electron microscopes. In scanning electron microscopy (SEM), backscattered electron imaging and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis were used to investigate different phases and oxides. Finally, crystal structure of the magnets was studied using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The study correlates the microstructure characterization with the thermal processing history of different grades of SmCo magnets.
A Decade of Experience With Small Specimen Testing to Evaluate Mechanical Properties of Materials
Authors: Prakash Raghu V. 
Published: June 2016

Small specimen testing has become popular in the recent times, due to the need for material property evaluation using limited volume samples available from processing techniques, scoop extraction of materials. There are several methods of direct and in-direct mechanical property evaluation such as: automated ball indentation, miniature tensile testing, small punch testing, shear punch testing and miniature specimen impact testing. Most of these techniques provide a correlation with standard specimen test data through empirical relationships.
This paper summarizes work done at the author’s Institution during the last decade on small specimen testing, with specific reference to spherical ball indentation (both static as well as cyclic indentation), shear punch and small punch testing on a number of metallic materials. Specific examples of how the material degradation due to prior damage (plastic deformation, fatigue, creep) are discussed.