bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake controls actin cytoskeleton dynamics during cell migration
Authors: Prudent Julien , Popgeorgiev Nikolay , Gadet Rudy , Deygas Mathieu , Rimokh Ruth , Gillet Germain 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIntracellular Ca2+ signaling regulates cell migration by acting on cytoskeleton architecture, cell directionality and focal adhesions dynamics. In migrating cells, cytosolic Ca2+ pool and Ca2+ pulses are described as key components of these effects. Whereas the role of the mitochondrial calcium homeostasis and the Mitochondria Cacium Uniporter (MCU) in cell migration were recently highlighted in vivo using the zebrafish model, their implication in actin cystokeleton dynamics and cell migration in mammals is not totally characterized. Here, we show that mcu silencing in two human cell lines compromises their migration capacities. This phenotype is characterized by actin cytoskeleton stiffness, a cell polarization loss and an impairment of the focal adhesion proteins dynamics. At the molecular level, these effects appear to be mediated by the reduction of the ER and cytosolic Ca2+ pools, which leads to a decrease in Rho-GTPases, RhoA and Rac1, and Ca2+-dependent Calpain activites, but seem to be independent of intracellular ATP levels. Together, this study highlights the fundamental and evolutionary conserved role of the mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis in cytoskeleton dynamics and cell migration.
SGTA interacts with the proteasomal ubiquitin receptor Rpn13 via a carboxylate clamp mechanism
Authors: Thapaliya Arjun , Nyathi Yvonne , Martínez-Lumbreras Santiago , Krysztofinska Ewelina M. , Evans Nicola J. , Terry Isabelle L. , High Stephen , Isaacson Rivka L. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe fate of secretory and membrane proteins that mislocalize to the cytosol is decided by a collaboration between cochaperone SGTA (small, glutamine-rich, tetratricopeptide repeat protein alpha) and the BAG6 complex, whose operation relies on multiple transient and subtly discriminated interactions with diverse binding partners. These include chaperones, membrane-targeting proteins and ubiquitination enzymes. Recently a direct interaction was discovered between SGTA and the proteasome, mediated by the intrinsic proteasomal ubiquitin receptor Rpn13. Here, we structurally and biophysically characterize this binding and identify a region of the Rpn13 C-terminal domain that is necessary and sufficient to facilitate it. We show that the contact occurs through a carboxylate clamp-mediated molecular recognition event with the TPR domain of SGTA, and provide evidence that the interaction can mediate the association of Rpn13 and SGTA in a cellular context.
Composition of gut microbiota in infants in China and global comparison
Authors: Kuang Ya-Shu , Li Sheng-Hui , Guo Yong , Lu Jin-Hua , He Jian-Rong , Luo Bei-Jun , Jiang Feng-Ju , Shen Hui , Papasian Christopher J. , Pang Herbert , Xia Hui-Min , Deng Hong-Wen , Qiu Xiu 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSymbiotic gut microbiota is essential for human health, and its compositional changes have been associated with various complex disorders. However, systematic investigation of the acquisition and development of gut microbial communities during early infancy are relatively rare, particularly for infants from non-Western countries. In this study, we characterize the colonization and development of infant microbiota in healthy Chinese infants and compare the pattern with those from other countries. The fecal microbiota of 2-month-old infants was considerably more diverse than that of neonates, as indicated by higher relative abundances of Veillonella, Clostridium, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Collinsella and Prevotella, and reduction of Escherichia and Enterococcus. The fecal microbiota of vaginally delivered infants (both neonates and 2-month-old) had significant enrichment of Bacteroides, Parabacteroides and Megamonas, whereas cesarean delivered infants had enrichment of Prevotella, Streptococcus and Trabulsiella. By global comparison, we identify three different enterotypes, referred as “P-type”, “A-type ”and “F-type” which were highly abundant in Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes, respectively. The three enterotypes’ compositons vary geographically. All Chinese infants in our study belong to the P-type. These findings may provide novel insights into our understanding of the establishment of infant fecal bacterial communities.
Potent Inducers of Endogenous Antimicrobial Peptides for Host Directed Therapy of Infections
Authors: Ottosson H. , Nylén F. , Sarker P. , Miraglia E. , Bergman P. , Gudmundsson G. H. , Raqib R. , Agerberth B. , Strömberg R. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA new concept for treatment of infections is induction of our own antimicrobial peptides and the presented novel class of inducer, aroylated phenylenediamines (APDs), gives up to 20 to 30-fold induction of the human antimicrobial peptide LL-37, in vitro. In addition, oral administration of an APD in a rabbit model of Shigellosis resulted in recovery from the infection in a few days implying that APD’s are promising candidates for treatment of infections.
Nonlinear network model analysis of vibrational energy transfer and localisation in the Fenna-Matthews-Olson complex
Authors: Morgan Sarah E. , Cole Daniel J. , Chin Alex W. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCollective protein modes are expected to be important for facilitating energy transfer in the Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) complex of photosynthetic green sulphur bacteria, however to date little work has focussed on the microscopic details of these vibrations. The nonlinear network model (NNM) provides a computationally inexpensive approach to studying vibrational modes at the microscopic level in large protein structures, whilst incorporating anharmonicity in the inter-residue interactions which can influence protein dynamics. We apply the NNM to the entire trimeric FMO complex and find evidence for the existence of nonlinear discrete breather modes. These modes tend to transfer energy to the highly connected core pigments, potentially opening up alternative excitation energy transfer routes through their influence on pigment properties. Incorporating localised modes based on these discrete breathers in the optical spectra calculations for FMO using ab initio site energies and excitonic couplings can substantially improve their agreement with experimental results.
First-Principles Studies on the Structural Stability of Spinel ZnCo2O4 as an Electrode Material for Lithium-ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Wei-Wei , Jin M. T. , Shi W. M. , Deng J. G. , Lau Woon-Ming , Zhang Y. N. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSystematic first principles calculations were performed for ZnCo2O4 to clarify its structural and electronic properties, and particularly the structural stability as an electrode material for lithium-ion batteries. For samples with low Li concentration, e.g., LinZnCo2O4 with n < 1, Li atoms take the center of oxygen octahedra and may diffuse rapidly. Structure distortions and volume expansions can be observed in LinZnCo2O4 with n > 1 and amorphous structures eventually prevail. The AIMD simulations for Li9ZnCo2O4 suggest the formation of Li2O, Co3O4 and LiZn local compounds or alloys. In particular, the formation of Zn-Co aggregations and the losing of ZnO pairs are identified as the possible reasons that are responsible to the Li capacity fading in ZnCo2O4 anodes.
Degradable emulsion as vaccine adjuvant reshapes antigen-specific immunity and thereby ameliorates vaccine efficacy
Authors: Huang Chung-Hsiung , Huang Chiung-Yi , Cheng Chih-Ping , Dai Shih-Hsiung , Chen Hsin-Wei , Leng Chih-Hsiang , Chong Pele , Liu Shih-Jen , Huang Ming-Hsi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis study describes the feasibility and adjuvant mechanism of a degradable emulsion for tuning adaptive immune responses to a vaccine antigen. We featured a mouse model with ovalbumin (OVA) as the antigen to deepen our understanding of the properties of a degradable emulsion-based adjuvant, dubbed PELC, interacting with immune cells and to elucidate their roles in vaccine immunogenicity in vivo. First, we demonstrated that the emulsion, which is stabilized by an amphiphilic bioresorbable polymer, shows degradation in mimic human body conditions and considerable tolerance in vivo. Then, we confirmed the model protein could be loaded into the emulsion and released from the matrix in a sustained manner, subsequently driving the production of antigen-specific antibodies. We also comprehended that PELC not only recruits antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to the injection site but also induces the activation of the recruited APCs and migration to the draining lymph nodes. As an adjuvant for cancer immunotherapy, PELC-formulated OVA could strongly enhance antigen-specific T-cell responses as well as anti-tumor ability with respected to non-formulated OVA, using OVA protein/EG7 cells as a tumor antigen/tumor cell model. Accordingly, our data paved the way for the clinical application of degradable emulsions based on amphiphilic bioresorbable polymers as vaccine adjuvants.
Fast generation of W states of superconducting qubits with multiple Schrödinger dynamics
Authors: Kang Yi-Hao , Chen Ye-Hong , Wu Qi-Cheng , Huang Bi-Hua , Song Jie , Xia Yan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we present a protocol to generate a W state of three superconducting qubits (SQs) by using multiple Schrödinger dynamics. The three SQs are respective embedded in three different coplanar waveguide resonators (CPWRs), which are coupled to a superconducting coupler (SCC) qubit at the center of the setups. With the multiple Schrödinger dynamics, we build a shortcuts to adiabaticity (STA), which greatly accelerates the evolution of the system. The Rabi frequencies of the laser pulses being designed can be expressed by the superpositions of Gaussian functions via the curves fitting, so that they can be realized easily in experiments. What is more, numerical simulation result shows that the protocol is robust against control parameters variations and decoherence mechanisms, such as the dissipations from the CPWRs and the energy relaxation. In addition, the influences of the dephasing are also resisted on account of the accelerating for the dynamics. Thus, the performance of the protocol is much better than that with the conventional adiabatic passage techniques when the dephasing is taken into account. We hope the protocol could be implemented easily in experiments with current technology.
Lactate is a potent inhibitor of the capsaicin receptor TRPV1
Authors: de la Roche Jeanne , Walther Isabella , Leonow Waleria , Hage Axel , Eberhardt Mirjam , Fischer Martin , Reeh Peter W. , Sauer Susanne , Leffler Andreas 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTissue ischemia results in an accumulation of lactate and local or systemic lactic acidosis. In nociceptive sensory neurons, lactate was reported to sensitize or activate the transient receptor potential ion channel TRPA1 and acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs). However, it is unclear how lactate modulates the TRPV1 regarded as the main sensor for acidosis in sensory neurons. In this study we investigated the effects of lactate (LA) on recombinant and native TRPV1 channels and on TRPV1-mediated release of neuropeptides from mouse nerves. TRPV1-mediated membrane currents evoked by protons, capsaicin or heat are inhibited by LA at concentrations ranging from 3 μM to 100 mM. LA inhibits TRPV1-mediated proton-induced Ca2+-influx in dorsal root ganglion neurons as well as proton-evoked neuropeptide release from mouse nerves. Inhibition of TRPV1 by LA is significantly stronger on inward currents as compared to outward currents since LA affects channel gating, shifting the activation curve towards more positive potentials. The mutation I680A in the pore lower gate displays no LA inhibition. Cell-attached as well as excised inside- and outside-out patches suggest an interaction through an extracellular binding site. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that lactate at physiologically relevant concentrations is a potent endogenous inhibitor of TRPV1.
Changes in duodenal tissue-associated microbiota following hookworm infection and consecutive gluten challenges in humans with coeliac disease
Authors: Giacomin Paul , Zakrzewski Martha , Jenkins Timothy P. , Su Xiaopei , Al-Hallaf Rafid , Croese John , de Vries Stefan , Grant Andrew , Mitreva Makedonka , Loukas Alex , Krause Lutz , Cantacessi Cinzia 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA reduced diversity of the gastrointestinal commensal microbiota is associated with the development of several inflammatory diseases. Recent reports in humans and animal models have demonstrated the beneficial therapeutic effects of infections by parasitic worms (helminths) in some inflammatory disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and coeliac disease (CeD). Interestingly, these studies have described how helminths may alter the intestinal microbiota, potentially representing a mechanism by which they regulate inflammation. However, for practical reasons, these reports have primarily analysed the faecal microbiota. In the present investigation, we have assessed, for the first time, the changes in the microbiota at the site of infection by a parasitic helminth (hookworm) and gluten-dependent inflammation in humans with CeD using biopsy tissue from the duodenum. Hookworm infection and gluten exposure were associated with an increased abundance of species
within the Bacteroides phylum, as well as increases in the richness and diversity of the tissue-resident microbiota within the intestine, results that are consistent with previous reports using other helminth species in humans and animal models. Hence, this may represent a mechanism by which parasitic helminths may restore intestinal immune homeostasis and exert a therapeutic benefit in CeD, and potentially other inflammatory disorders.
Ecological dynamics of influenza A viruses: cross-species transmission and global migration
Authors: Ren Hongguang , Jin Yuan , Hu Mingda , Zhou Jing , Song Ting , Huang Zhisong , Li Beiping , Li Kaiwu , Zhou Wei , Dai Hongmei , Shi Weifeng , Yue Junjie , Liang Long 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA comprehensive study of cross-species transmission and inter-regional migration would provide insights into the global ecology of influenza A viruses (IAVs). To this end, we assembled 17,241 non-redundant IAV whole-genome sequences with complete epidemiological information. We hierarchically divided the movements of IAVs into the cross-species transmission in each region and the inter-regional migration driven by each host species. We then systematically identified the potential cross-species transmission and inter-regional migration events. Cross-species transmission networks were obtained for each gene segment of the IAVs. Waterfowl, domestic birds and swine showed higher degrees of connection than did other species in all of the transmission networks. East Asia and Southeast Asia were hot regions for avian-mammal transmissions. Swine and migratory birds were the dominant species for global virus delivery. The importance of swine was reemphasized because it has not only provided an environment for adaptive evolution during the avian-human transmission of IAVs (as incubators) but also served as a key species for the global dissemination of the viruses (as carriers). Therefore, monitoring the global live trade of swine and survey of migratory birds along flyways would be beneficial for the prevention and control of IAVs.
Influence of Hearing Risk Information on the Motivation and Modification of Personal Listening Device Use
Authors: Serpanos Yula C. , Berg Abbey L. , Renne Brittany 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this study was (a) to investigate the behaviors, knowledge, and motivators associated with personal listening device (PLD) use and (b) to determine the influence of different types of hearing health risk education information (text with or without visual images) on motivation to modify PLD listening use behaviors in young adults.

Method

College-age students (
N
= 523) completed a paper-and-pencil survey tapping their behaviors, knowledge, and motivation regarding listening to music or media at high volume using PLDs. Participants rated their motivation to listen to PLDs at lower volume levels following each of three information sets: text only, behind-the-ear hearing aid image with text, and inner ear hair cell damage image with text.

Results

Acoustically pleasing and emotional motives were the most frequently cited (38%–45%) reasons for listening to music or media using a PLD at high volume levels. The behind-the-ear hearing aid image with text information was significantly (
p
< .0001) more motivating to participants than text alone or the inner ear hair cell damage image with text.

Conclusions
Evocative imagery using hearing aids may be an effective approach in hearing protective health campaigns for motivating safer listening practices with PLDs in young adults.
Laboratory detection of the rotational-tunnelling spectrum of the hydroxymethyl radical, CH2OH
Authors: Bermudez C. , Bailleux S. , Cernicharo J. 
Published: November 2016

Context. Of the two structural isomers of CH3O, methoxy is the only radical whose astronomical detection has been reported through the observation of several rotational lines at 2 and 3 mm wavelengths. Although the hydroxymethyl radical, CH2OH, is known to be thermodynamically the most stable (by ~3300 cm-1), it has so far eluded rotational spectroscopy presumably because of its high chemical reactivity.
Aims. Recent high-resolution (~10 MHz) sub-Doppler rovibrationally resolved infrared spectra of CH2OH (symmetric CH stretching a-type band) provided accurate ground vibrational state rotational constants, thus reviving the quest for its millimeter-wave spectrum in laboratory and subsequently in space.
Methods. The search and assignment of the rotational spectrum of this fundamental species were guided by our quantum chemical calculations and by using rotational constants derived from high-resolution IR data. The hydroxymethyl radical was produced by hydrogen abstraction from methanol by atomic chlorine.
Results. Ninety-six b-type rotational transitions between the v = 0 and v = 1 tunnelling sublevels involving 25 fine-structure components of Q branches (with Ka = 1 ← 0) and 4 fine-structure components of R branches (assigned to Ka = 0 ← 1) were measured below 402 GHz. Hyperfine structure alternations due to the two identical methylenic hydrogens were observed and analysed based on the symmetry and parity of the rotational levels. A global fit including infrared and millimeter-wave lines has been conducted using Pickett’s reduced axis system Hamiltonian. The recorded transitions (odd ΔKa) did not allow us to evaluate the Coriolis tunnelling interaction term. The comparison of the experimentally determined constants for both tunnelling levels with their computed values secures the long-awaited first detection of the rotational-tunnelling spectrum of this radical. In particular, a tunnelling rate of 139.73 ± 0.10 MHz (4.6609(32) × 10-3 cm-1) was obtained along with the rotational constants, electron spin-rotation interaction parameters and several hyperfine coupling terms.
Conclusions. The laboratory characterization of CH2OH by millimeter-wave spectroscopy now offers the possibility for its astronomical detection for the first time.
What grades and achievement tests measure
Authors: Borghans Lex , Golsteyn Bart H. H. , Heckman James J. , Humphries John Eric 
Published: November 2016

Significance
Grades and scores on achievement tests are widely used as measures of cognition. This paper examines these measures and their constituent parts. We establish that, on average, grades and achievement tests are generally better predictors of life outcomes than “pure” measures of intelligence. The reason is that they capture aspects of personality that have been shown to be predictive in their own right. All of the standard measures of “intelligence” or “cognition” are influenced by aspects of personality, albeit to varying degrees, depending on the measure. This result has important implications for the interpretation of studies using scores on achievement tests and grades to explain differences in outcomes and for the use of standard cognitive measures to evaluate the effectiveness of public policies.
Molecular and physiological evidence of genetic assimilation to high CO2in the marine nitrogen fixerTrichodesmium
Authors: Walworth Nathan G. , Lee Michael D. , Fu Fei-Xue , Hutchins David A. , Webb Eric A. 
Published: November 2016

SignificanceThe free-living cyanobacteriumTrichodesmiumis an important nitrogen-fixer in the global oceans, yet virtually nothing is known about its molecular evolution to increased CO2. Here we show thatTrichodesmiumcan fix a plastic, short-term response upon long-term adaptation, potentially through genetic assimilation. We provide transcriptional evidence for molecular mechanisms that parallel the fixation of the plastic phenotype, thereby demonstrating an important evolutionary capability inTrichodesmiumCO2adaptation. Transcriptional shifts involve transposition and other regulatory mechanisms (sigma factors) that control a variety of metabolic pathways, suggesting alterations in upstream regulation to be important under genetic assimilation. Together, these data highlight potential biochemical evidence of genetic assimilation in a keystone marine N2-fixer, with broad implications for microbial evolution and biogeochemistry.
Control of transcriptional pausing by biased thermal fluctuations on repetitive genomic sequences
Authors: Imashimizu Masahiko , Afek Ariel , Takahashi Hiroki , Lubkowska Lucyna , Lukatsky David B. 
Published: November 2016

Significance
How does RNA polymerase (RNAP) accurately and orderly control elongation of RNA in nanosystems dominated by random thermal fluctuations? Our statistical approach challenges this open question by identifying a linkage between thermal fluctuations, repetitive DNA sequences encoded in a genome, and RNAP pausing during elongation. Until now, it has been reasonably assumed that the structure of an elongation complex (EC) at any given location along DNA ultimately controls its enzymatic function. Contrary to this assumption, we show that nonlocal thermal fluctuations of the EC on repetitive DNA sequence elements statistically and robustly affect RNAP elongation by stabilizing pausing. This study also provides a proof of concept for the significance of thermal fluctuations in a wide variety of enzymatic systems.