bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An audit on technical quality of root fillings performed by undergraduate students
Authors: Fong W. , Heidarifar O. , Killough S. , Lappin M. J. , El Karim I. A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimTo evaluate radiographically the technical quality of root fillings performed by undergraduate dental students and to assess whether students were exposed to an appropriate endodontic case mix during their clinical training.MethodologyA retrospective audit was undertaken evaluating the clinical records of patients who underwent endodontic procedures during the period from September 2015 to June 2016 in the Dental School at Queen's University Belfast, UK. Two final‐year dental students were trained and calibrated to evaluate postoperative intra‐oral periapical radiographs of completed root canal treatments using specific assessment criteria. Data were presented as frequencies, percentage and mean ± standard deviation (SD). Comparisons of treatment outcomes between groups (posterior and anterior teeth) were calculated using Fisher's exact test, and the level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Intra‐ and interexaminer reproducibility was assessed by Kappa statistics.ResultsA total of 222 teeth and 381 canals were assessed, and of those, 253 (66%) of the root fillings were found to be acceptable in all the assessment parameters, namely taper, length and lateral adaptation of the root filling. Subanalysis of individual root filling parameters revealed that 372 canals (97%) exhibited good taper, and 275 canals (72%) were considered to be of an appropriate length, with 89 canals (23%) found to be underfilled and 17 canals (5%) overfilled. Overall 346 (91%) of canals had good lateral condensation. Students treated both single and multirooted teeth, and there was no significant association between tooth type and the quality of root filling provided (P > 0.05).ConclusionsIn the majority of the teeth treated by undergraduate students at Queen's University Belfast, the technical quality of the root filling was acceptable and students were exposed to an appropriate case mix for endodontic training.
Evaluating cultural competence among Japanese clinical nurses: Analyses of a translated scale
Authors: Noji Ariko , Mochizuki Yuki , Nosaki Akiko , Glaser Dale , Gonzales Lucia , Mizobe Akiko , Kanda Katsuya 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis paper describes the factor analysis testing and construct validation of the Japanese version of the Caffrey Cultural Competence Health Services (J‐CCCHS). The inventory, composed of 28 items, was translated using language and subject matter experts. Psychometric testing (exploratory factor, alpha reliability, and confirmatory factor analyses) was undertaken with nurses (N = 7494, 92% female, mean age 32.6 years) from 19 hospitals across Japan. Principal components extraction with varimax rotation yielded a 5‐factor solution (62.31% variance explained) that was labeled: knowledge, comfort‐proximal, comfort‐distal, awareness, and awareness of national policy. Cronbach α for the subscales ranged from 0.756 to 0.892. In confirmatory factor analysis using the robust maximum likelihood estimator, the chi‐square test was as follows: χ2(340) = 14604.44, P < .001. After correlated errors were introduced, there was evidence of improved model fit (χ2(335) = 8681.61, P < .05) but the other indices showed improvement (RMSEA = .058 [90% CI, 0.057‐0.059], TLI = .891, CFI = .903, and SRMR = .059). The discriminating power of the J‐CCCHS was indicated by statistically mean differences in J‐CCCHS subscale scores between predefined groups. Taking into consideration that this is the first foray into construct validation for this instrument, and that fit was improved when a subsequent data driven model was tested, and it has the ability to distinguish between known groups that are expected to differ in cultural competence, the instrument can be of value to clinicians and educators alike.
FISHERIES SCIENCE AND MODELING: A LOOK TO THE FUTURE
Authors: Francis Robert C. 
Published: June 2017

In this paper I forecast that the fisheries management problems we face as we enter the twenty‐first century will have less to do with extractive conservation and more to do with protection of regional and global environments. I present two contemporary fisheries management case histories which tend to bear this out: (1) Pacific Northwest salmon, with particular reference to the Columbia River, and (2) the high‐seas driftnet fisheries of the North Pacific.Characterizing these types of problems in a few words, I would say that their effects are long‐term and perhaps irreversible, and that they lead to conditions that we have yet to experience. Because of the type of input needed from the scientific community in order to forge rational solutions, modeling becomes ever more important in translating scientific experience into a form that will enlighten and move decisionmakers.
Anemonin attenuates osteoarthritis progression through inhibiting the activation of IL‐1β/NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Wang Zuqiang , Huang Junlan , Zhou Siru , Luo Fengtao , Xu Wei , Wang Quan , Tan Qiaoyan , chen Liang , Wang Jun , Chen Hangang , Chen Lin , Xie Yangli , Du Xiaolan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe osteoarthritis (OA) progression is now considered to be related to inflammation. Anemonin (ANE) is a small natural molecule extracted from various kinds of Chinese traditional herbs and has been shown to inhibiting inflammation response. In this study, we examined whether ANE could attenuate the progression of OA via suppression of IL‐1β/NF‐κB pathway activation. Destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) was performed in 10‐week‐old male C57BL/6J mice. ANE was then intra‐articularly injected into joint capsule for 8 and 12 weeks. Human articular chondrocytes and cartilage explants challenged with interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) were treated with ANE. We found that ANE delayed articular cartilage degeneration in vitro and in vivo. In particular, proteoglycan loss and chondrocyte hypertrophy were significantly decreased in ANE ‐treated mice compared with vehicle‐treated mice. ANE decreased the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase‐13 (MMP13), A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5 (ADAMTS5), collagen X (Col X) while increasing Aggrecan level in murine with DMM surgery. ANE treatment also attenuated proteoglycan loss in human cartilage explants treated with IL‐1β ex vivo. ANE is a potent protective molecule for OA; it delays OA progression by suppressing ECM loss and chondrocyte hypertrophy partially by suppressing IL‐1β/NF‐κB pathway activation.
Catalase ameliorates diabetes‐induced cardiac injury through reduced p65/RelA‐ mediated transcription of BECN1
Authors: Wang Xu , Tao Youli , Huang Yewei , Zhan Kungao , Xue Mei , Wang Ying , Ruan Dandan , Liang Yangzhi , Huang Xiaozhong , Lin Jianjun , Chen Zhiwei , Lv Lingchun , Li Santie , Chen Gen , Wang Yang , Chen Ruijie , Cong Weitao , Jin Litai 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCatalase is an antioxidative enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) produced by superoxide dismutase from highly reactive superoxide (O2−) to water and oxygen molecules. Although recent findings demonstrate that catalase, autophagy and the nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) signalling pathway are centrally involved in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), the interplay between the three has not been fully characterized. Thus, the mechanism responsible for catalase‐mediated protection against heart injury in diabetic mice was investigated in this study, as well as the role of NF‐κB‐p65 in the regulation of autophagic flux was investigated in this study. Western blot analysis revealed that catalase inhibited NF‐κB activity and decreased LC3‐II (microtubule‐associated protein 1 light chain 3) and beclin‐1 (Atg6) expression. Furthermore, up‐regulation of autophagy was detrimental for cardiac function in diabetic mice. Catalase overexpression reduced the level of NF‐κB subunit in the nucleus, where it initiates autophagy through activation of the key autophagy gene BECN1. To evaluate the role of the NF‐κB pathway in diabetes‐induced autophagy, Bay11‐7082, an NF‐κB inhibitor, was injected into diabetic mice, which suppressed NF‐κB and attenuated diabetes‐induced autophagy and myocardial apoptosis. In agreement with the in vivo results, Bay11‐7082 also inhibited high‐glucose‐induced activation of NF‐κB and the up‐regulation of LC3‐II and beclin‐1 expression in H9c2 cells. In addition, high‐glucose‐induced activation of autophagic flux and apoptosis were largely attenuated by p65 siRNA, suggesting that catalase ameliorates diabetes‐induced autophagy, at least in part by increasing the activity of the NF‐κB pathway and p65‐mediated transcription of BECN1.
Sinus augmentation using a mini‐pig model: Effect of ceramic and allogeneic bone biomaterials
Authors: Susin Cristiano , Fiorini Tiago , Lee Jaebum , de Freitas Rubens Moreno , Chiu Hsien‐Chung , Prasad Hari S. , Buxton Amanda N. , Wikesjö Ulf M. E. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundPresent clinical practice broadly relies on off‐the‐shelf allogeneic, xenogeneic or synthetic bone biomaterials in support of sinus augmentation. Also, recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 in an absorbable collagen sponge carrier (rhBMP‐2/ACS) has been shown to support clinically relevant bone formation when used to augment the maxillary sinus.ObjectivesTo evaluate local bone formation/dental implant osseointegration following implantation of two particulate bone biomaterials using the mini‐pig sinus augmentation model.MethodsNine adult Göttingen mini‐pigs were used for evaluation of a biphasic ceramic (15%/85% HA/ß‐TCP) and an allogeneic mineralized bone biomaterial. Treatments randomized to contralateral sinus sites included sham‐surgery (control) and biomaterials. Two threaded dental implants (ø4.0 × 11.5 mm) were placed at each sinus site. The animals were euthanized at 8 weeks for histologic analysis.ResultsExecution of the surgical protocol and healing was unremarkable. Limited infraorbital swelling was observed until suture removal. The biphasic ceramic and allogeneic bone biomaterials produced significantly increased bone formation (5.2 ± 1.9 mm and 4.9 ± 1.6 mm vs. 2.6 ± 0.5 mm, p < 0.05) and osseointegration (18.0 ± 6.0% and 25.1 ± 18.2% vs. 10.1 ± 8.0%, p < 0.05) over the sham‐surgery control. No significant differences were observed between biomaterials.ConclusionsImplantation of biphasic ceramic or allogeneic bone biomaterials enhances bone formation in the mini‐pig maxillary sinus, however, dental implant bone support is incomplete resulting in overall limited osseointegration.
Influence of encapsulation techniques on the structure, physical properties, and thermal stability of fish oil microcapsules by spray drying
Authors: Yu Fanqianhui , Li Zhaojie , Zhang Tao , Wei Yinong , Xue Yong , Xue Changhu 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe physical properties and thermal stability of gelatin/gum‐Arabic microcapsules loaded fish oil, developed by various encapsulation techniques such as directly spray‐dried microcapsule, complex coacervation microcapsule, and double‐encapsulated microcapsule (DEM) were investigated. All the particles dried by spray drying and evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal analysis, cumulative release analysis, and rheological measurements. The external and internal core–shell structure of microcapsules observed by SEM, were beneficial to improving the thermal stability of particles. The DEM possessed stable two‐shell structure, and retained 25.39% weight after thermogravimetric analysis, 93.71% encapsulation efficiency only released 11.8% core material in 100 °C water bath over 30 min, which could perform more stable during processing, transportation, and consumption. Above all, these results could be the basis of selecting suitable encapsulation technique, processing temperature, and time control in practical production when functional microcapsules needed.Practical applicationsThis article is aimed at characterize structures, relative physical properties and thermal stability of three types of microcapsules: directly spray‐dried microcapsules, complex coacervation microcapsules, and double‐encapsulated microcapsules, for encapsulating fish oil during processing and storage. Therefore, all the results such as encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, surface oil, particle size, thermal stability, and fish oil cumulative release percentage of microcapsules at certain temperature could be used as guidance on practical functional foods production like selecting a suitable encapsulation approach, processing temperature, or time control.
Fine‐tuning PERK signaling for neuroprotection
Authors: Halliday Mark , Hughes Daniel , Mallucci Giovanna R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractProtein translation and folding are tightly controlled processes in all cells, by proteostasis, an important component of which is the unfolded protein response (UPR). During periods of endoplasmic reticulum stress because of protein misfolding, the UPR activates a coordinated response in which the PERK branch activation restricts translation, while a variety of genes involved with protein folding, degradation, chaperone expression and stress responses are induced through signaling of the other branches. Chronic overactivation of the UPR, particularly the PERK branch, is observed in the brains of patients in a number of protein misfolding neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's diseases and the tauopathies. Recently, numerous genetic and pharmacological studies in mice have demonstrated the effectiveness of inhibiting the UPR for eliciting therapeutic benefit and boosting memory. In particular, fine‐tuning the level of PERK inhibition to provide neuroprotection without adverse side effects has emerged as a safe, effective approach. This includes the recent discovery of licensed drugs that can now be repurposed in clinical trials for new human treatments for dementia. This review provides an overview of the links between UPR overactivation and neurodegeneration in protein misfolding disorders. It discusses recent therapeutic approaches targeting this pathway, with a focus on treatments that fine‐tune PERK signaling.
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Low leptin concentration may identify heart failure patients with central sleep apnea
Authors: Cundrle Ivan , Somers Virend K. , Singh Prachi , Johnson Bruce D. , Scott Christopher G. , Olson Lyle J. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryLow leptin concentration has been shown to be associated with central sleep apnea in heart failure patients. We hypothesized that low leptin concentration predicts central sleep apnea. Consecutive ambulatory New York Heart Association (NYHA) classes I–IV heart failure patients were studied prospectively, including measurement of serum leptin, echocardiography and polysomnography. Sleep apnea was defined by type (central/mixed/obstructive) and by apnea–hypopnea index ≥5 by polysomnography. Subjects were divided into four groups by polysomnography: (1) central sleep apnea, (2) mixed apnea, (3) no apnea and (4) obstructive sleep apnea. Fifty‐six subjects were included. Eighteen subjects were diagnosed with central sleep apnea, 15 with mixed apnea, 12 with obstructive apnea and 11 with no sleep apnea. Leptin concentration was significantly lower in central sleep apnea compared to obstructive apnea (8 ± 10.7 ng mL−1 versus 19.7 ± 14.7 ng mL−1, P ˂ 0.01) or no sleep apnea (8 ± 10.7 ng mL−1 versus 17.1 ± 8.4 ng mL−1, P ˂ 0.01). Logistic regression showed leptin to be associated independently with central sleep apnea [odds ratio (OR): 0.19; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.06–0.62; area under the curve (AUC): 0.80, P < 0.01]. For the detection of central sleep apnea, a cut‐off value for leptin concentration 5 ng mL−1 yielded a sensitivity of 50% and specificity of 89%. In conclusion, a low leptin concentration may have utility for the screening of heart failure patients for central sleep apnea.
Sampling sufficiency for estimating zooplankton diversity in neotropical floodplain lakes
Authors: Vieira Ludgero C. G. , Vital Marcos V. C. , Fernandes Ana P. C. , Bonecker Claudia C. , Nabout João C. , Kraus Cleber N. , Bernardi José V. E. , Velho Luiz F. M. , Bini Luis M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis study focuses on determining how many samples are needed to effectively assess the species richness of a community. Zooplankton samples at 40 sampling sites distributed among four lakes in the floodplain of the middle Araguaia River (Central‐West region of Brazil) were evaluated to determine the effect of the accumulation of collecting points by lake on species richness estimates. The results indicated the zooplankton community has high spatial heterogeneity. Thus, using a single sampling unit per lake would not be sufficient to accurately estimate their diversity (i.e. the zooplankton composition in these cases would be represented mainly by abundant species). Sampling designs that include a minimum of seven sampling sites in each lake are needed to record 70% of the total species richness. It is recommended, therefore, that researchers use a larger number of sampling sites per lake or, alternatively, that the water obtained and filtered through plankton nets is extracted from a wide area and in different lake compartments, rather than from a single site.
The influence of increased iron concentration on survival and growth of seedlings and young plants of eelgrass Zostera marina
Authors: Wang Xi‐Tao , Zhang Qian , Liu Yan‐Shan , Zhang Pei‐Dong , Li Wen‐Tao 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIron (Fe) is an essential nutrient for plants but toxic at high concentrations. We subjected seedlings and young plants of eelgrass Zostera marina to different seawater iron concentrations (500, 600, 700, 800, 1,000 and 1,500 μg/L) for 30 days under controlled laboratory conditions. Natural seawater without added iron (500 μg/L) was used as reference seawater. No sediments were provided to avoid iron scavenging by particle surfaces in the sediment. We measured plant response in terms of survivorship, morphology, growth rate and productivity. Survival analysis combined with morphological, dynamic and productive assessment suggested that the optimum seawater iron concentration for the establishment of Z. marina seedlings and young plants is 700 μg/L. The no observed effect concentration, lowest observed effect concentration, lethal concentration that caused an increase in mortality to 10% of that of the control, and the effect concentration that caused a decrease in growth to 10% of that of the control values of young plants were significantly lower than those of seedlings, implying an increased sensitivity to high Fe concentrations (>1,000 μg/L). This study further develops our understanding of the physiological ecology of the early life stages of Z. marina and provides data that could prove helpful in the development of successful eelgrass restoration and conservation.
Spatial and temporal variation of diverse inter‐tidal algal assemblages in Southwest O‘ahu
Authors: Cox Traci Erin , Spalding Heather L. , Foster Michael S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSpatial and temporal variation in tropical inter‐tidal communities is poorly known, making predictions about the effects of climate change and other anthropogenic disturbances difficult. Along Southwest O‘ahu, Hawai'i, local residents are concerned about the environmental effects of coastal development and the perceived loss of targeted algal species, which are collected for human consumption. To describe the coastal benthic community and better understand the processes that form and maintain it, the abundance and composition of macroalgae were sampled in the region's inter‐tidal zone from 2006 to 2015. Sixty‐six macroalgal species and two broad algal assemblages were identified that corresponded to substrate topography and sand influence at a similar tidal elevation. Along flat carbonate benches with a sand beach, Phaeophyceae and Rhodophytes occurred in almost equal proportions, while shores with slightly more topographic relief and angular substrate were dominated by Rhodophytes. Foliose or turf algal forms were most common. Surveys captured the local invasion of an alga, Avrainvillea sp. and significant declines in abundant macroalgae in 2015 after a period of unseasonably warm, calm water. Temporal changes in algal assemblages were related to maximum water temperature and wave height but not precipitation. Thus, algal assemblages appear to be structured by local beach morphology as they interact with sand and wave activity and episodically by unusual weather events. However, manipulation and continuous monitoring of the algal assemblages coupled to sensing of the localized environment is necessary to confirm factors related to assembly maintenance and recent species shifts.
Environmental factors influencing aggregation of manta rays (Manta birostris) off the northeastern coast of the Yucatan Peninsula
Authors: Hacohen‐Domené Ana , Martínez‐Rincón Raúl O. , Galván‐Magaña Felipe , Cárdenas‐Palomo Natalí , Herrera‐Silveira Jorge 
Published: June 2017

AbstractManta rays inhabit tropical, subtropical and temperate waters. Aggregation sites of manta rays have been recognized worldwide, but the reasons for this behavior are still poorly understood. This study describes environmental factors influencing aggregation sites of the giant manta ray (Manta birostris) off the northeastern coast of the Yucatan Peninsula. Observations of manta rays were obtained from scientific surveys conducted during 2006–2011. Environmental data were obtained from satellite imagery. The maximum entropy (Maxent) method for habitat modeling was used to determine the effects of environmental conditions on the species and predict suitable habitat for manta rays in this region. Primary productivity and distance to the coast were the most influential variables, suggesting that aggregation occurs in highly productive coastal waters. The distribution of manta rays predicted by the Maxent model showed that the most suitable habitat within the study area is located off the northeastern coast of the Yucatán Peninsula, more precisely, northeast of Isla Holbox and northwest of Isla Contoy. Seasonal patterns of distribution suggest that the most suitable conditions are present from July through September.