bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NIR triggered observations of Sgr A* at 43 GHz
Authors: Rauch C. , Ros E. , Krichbaum T. P. , Eckart A. , Zensus J. A. , Lu R.-S. , Shahzamanian B. , Mužić K. , Peißker F. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe compact radio and near-infrared (NIR) source Sagittarius A* has been observed in the context of two NIR triggered global VLT and VLBA campaigns at 43 GHz (7 mm) on May 16-18 2012 and October 4 2014. While on October 4 2014 Sgr A* remained in a quiescent state, a NIR flare on May 17 2012 is accompanied by an increase in flux density of 0.22 Jy at 7 mm delayed by 4.5±0.5 h. Additionally, Sgr A* seems to develop a weak secondary radio off-core component of 0.02 Jy at a position angle of 140° and an angular distance of 1.5 mas shortly before the peak of the flare. This spatial extension and the time delay are in the range of expected values for events casually connected by adiabatic expansion.
Status of GRMHD simulations and radiative models of Sgr A*
Authors: Mościbrodzka Monika 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe Galactic center is a perfect laboratory for testing various theoretical models of accretion flows onto a supermassive black hole. Here, I review general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations that were used to model emission from the central object - Sgr A*. These models predict dynamical and radiative properties of hot, magnetized, thick accretion disks with jets around a Kerr black hole. Models are compared to radio-VLBI, mm-VLBI, NIR, and X-ray observations of Sgr A*. I present the recent constrains on the free parameters of the model such as accretion rate onto the black hole, the black hole angular momentum, and orientation of the system with respect to our line of sight.
Comment on Risk versus Hazard – How to Regulate in the 21st Century
Authors: Forsberg Ethel 
Published: February 2017

The debate as to whether chemicals should be regulated according to hazard or risk is once again under the spotlight, this time commented by Ragnar Lofstedt, PhD, Professor and Director of the Kings Centre for Risk Management at Kings College in London. He takes the reader through the history of risk assessment and chemical control, presents two interesting current case studies and sheds light on the influence of politics on the implementation of regulation.Professor Lofstedt's assumption that two different methods of assessment exist is not a complete statement. In fact this is a confusing way to describe the scientific and political processes involved in regulation. It is not a choice between two methods, but rather a balance between political ambition and scientific facts within one method. Examples can be found where science has been more influential than policy on the actual regulatory decision, and vice versa.
No more Doubts about the Nature of Unit-Linked Products
Authors: Llavona Covadonga Díaz 
Published: February 2017

Judgment of the Court (fifth Chamber) of 1 March 2012 (reference for preliminary ruling), Case C—166/11: Ángel Lorenzo González Alonso v Nationale Nederlanden Vida Cía. de Seguros y Reaseguros, S.A.E. (Spain)**A contract concluded away from business premises, under which life assurance is offered in return for payment of a monthly premium to be invested, in varying proportions, in fixed-rate investments, variable-rate investments and financial investment products of the company offering the contract, falls outside the scope of Council Directive 85/577/ EEC of 20 December 1985, to protect the consumer in respect to contracts negotiated away from business premises, in accordance with Article 3(2)(d) thereof (official headnote).
The Seeds of Dispute: Vernon Hugh Bowman v. Monsanto Company et al.
Authors: Gambini Emanuela 
Published: February 2017

In May 2013, the U.S. Supreme Court decided in Vernon Hugh Bowman v. Monsanto Company et al. in favor of Monsanto Company, affirming the judgment of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit and holding that patent exhaustion does not permit a farmer to reproduce patented seeds through planting and harvesting without the patent holder's permission.This case note gives a brief overview of the U.S. Supreme Court's decision, in which the meaning and limits of the doctrine of patent exhaustion have been examined, and discusses its implications for farmers and seed companies.
The Member States’ Long and Winding Road to Partial Regulatory Autonomy in Cultivating Genetically Modified Crops in the EU
Authors: Poli Sara 
Published: February 2017

Member States wishing to cultivate genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have always been a minority in the EU. Only eight out of twenty-seven have experienced transgenic agriculture. Throughout the years, the opposition to this form of farming has become a genuinely transnational phenomenon given that many regions of different European countries declared themselves GMO-free. Moreover, Member States such as Austria, Luxembourg, Greece, Poland and, most recently, Hungary officially banned transgenic agriculture within their borders altogether. France and Germany suspended the cultivation of GM maize MON 810, respectively in 2008 and 2009.In addition, the EU has previously authorized only two GM crops: GM maize MON 810 (authorization renewed in 2008) and GM potato EH92-527-1 (2010), known as the ‘Amflora potato.’ The cautious approach towards transgenic farming is also witnessed by the long and contested process of renewal of the permit to cultivate GM maize MON 810 and the issue of the authorization for the Amflora potato.
The Past, Present and Future of the Chief Scientific Advisor
Authors: Wilsdon James 
Published: February 2017

At the end of August 2014, scientists and policymakers from forty-eight countries gathered at the Heritage Hotel in Auckland, New Zealand to debate the science and art of scientific advice. Jointly hosted by Sir Peter Gluckman, chief scientific advisor to the PrimeMinister of NewZealand, and the International Council for Science (ICSU), the Auckland summit was the largest ever meeting of its kind, attracting science advisors, advisory bodies and academic experts fromAlbania to Zimbabwe, and a host of countries in between.Over two days of intense discussion, participants debated structures and methods for the provision of scientific advice in emergency situations, across national and disciplinary boundaries, and on contested topics,where science, values and politics collide. The meeting ended with a call to strengthen collaboration between advisory systems, an agreement to formalize the network, and a commitment tomeet again in 2016. As Sir Peter Gluckman said afterwards: “Our goal was to start a global conversation on the practices and challenges of conveying science advice to governments…The meeting has highlighted a real thirst among practitioners to share models and lessons.”
What the United States Can Learn from the European Commission's Better Regulation Initiative
Authors: Broughel James 
Published: February 2017

In May of 2015, the European Commission released a package outlining the vision for its Better Regulation initiative, a program aimed at improving outcomes of European Union (EU) regulation. The move represents a step forward for regulatory reform in the EU, and signals a potential shift in world leadership roles among countries promoting evidence-based policy. The United States (US), once at the forefront of regulatory science and analysis, may now be lagging behind. If Better Regulation is implemented as its ambitious designers envision, this could signal a new role for the EU in advancing 21st century policymaking.Better Regulation seeks to improve the EU regulatory process in several ways. The initiative allows for more meaningful citizen and stakeholder participation at all stages of the policymaking process; it seeks to institutionalize the use of economic analysis throughout the lifecycle of a policy; and it sets up a process for reviewing the existing stock of regulations to ensure old rules do not become excessively burdensome or obsolete. All this is done in a manner intended to inform legislators as they periodically review funding levels for new and existing programs.
Dutch State Ordered to Cut Carbon Emissions
Authors: de Jong Elbert R. 
Published: February 2017

District Court of The Hague, 24 June 2015, The Urgenda Foundation v. The Netherlands, ECLI:NL:RBDHA:2015:7145The Dutch State has to ensure that the Dutch emissions in the year 2020 will be at least 25% lower than those in 1990.The parties agree that the severity and scope of the climate problem make it necessary to take measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Based on the State's current policy, the Netherlands will achieve a reduction of 17% at most in 2020, which is below the norm of 25% to 40% for developed countries deemed necessary in climate science and international climate policy.With this order, the court has not entered the domain of politics. The court must provide legal protection, also in cases against the government, while respecting the government's scope for policymaking. For these reasons, the court should exercise restraint and has limited therefore the reduction order to 25%, the lower limit of the 25%-40% norm.
Court of Justice Upholds the Tobacco Products Directive 2014
Authors: Ó Cathaoir Katharina 
Published: February 2017

C-547/14 Philip Morris Brands SARL and Others v Secretary of State for Health [2016] (not yet reported)C-477/14 Pillbox 38 (UK) Ltd v Secretary of State for Health [2016] (not yet reported)C-358/14 Poland v. Parliament and Council [2016] (not yet reported)Article 114 TFEU provides an adequate legal basis for the adoption of the Tobacco Products Directive 2014 in full, including measures relating to flavoured tobacco, labelling and packaging, and electronic cigarettes. These measures also comply with the principles of proportionality, subsidiarity, legal certainty, equal treatment and free competition, and the rights of companies under the EU Charter. Member States may introduce further requirements in relation to packaging of tobacco products that are not harmonised by the Directive.
In Praise of Insult: Slogan Genres, Slogan Repertoires and Innovation
Authors: Colla Elliott 
Published: February 2017

I have been thinking about Egyptian protest culture for a number of years, although not always as a scholar. For the bulk of that time, much of this protest culture was largely confined to particular segments of Egyptian society, activists, intellectuals and students. The major icon of this culture, Sheikh Imam, was clearly more revered outside of Egypt than at home. However, with the January 25 uprising, what was marginal became a dominant strand in contemporary Egyptian expressive culture. Like so many others, I found myself caught up in collecting, archiving and analyzing the explosion of revolutionary culture in Egypt. Among the first things I collected were slogans.During the Eighteen-Day Uprising, I noticed that many observers treated slogans as if they were spontaneous linguistic statements of an unambiguouspopular will. This treatment both resonated and clashed with what I thoughtI knew about the history of protest culture in Egypt. On the one hand, it resonated with how activists themselves spoke about their own experiences interms of surprise and spontaneity, and how they routinely considered slogans to be clear proof-texts of an articulate collective voice. But it also clashed with the fact that some of these same activists had for years been planning and practicing just such an uprising, and chanting some of the same slogans that were to resound across Egypt on January 25. The more I listened to activists, the more I began to realize that the meaning of slogans could not be reduced to their immediate context or their semantic aspect, nor was their meaning so straightforward or stable.
Staging Tahrir: Laila Soliman’s Revolutionary Theatre
Authors: Mehta Brinda 
Published: February 2017

If one day, a people desire to live, Then fate will answer their call And their night will then begin to fade, And their chains break and fall.“Will to Live” Abī al-Qāsim al-ShābīOne of the most inspiring aspects of the Egyptian revolution was the outpouring of creative expression that accompanied the uprising’s social and political movements in the form of protest songs, poetry, slogans, chants, graffiti and installation art, street theatre, cartoons, among other forms of artistic inventiveness. Creative dissidence has always been an integral part of protest movements, as argued by Iraqi poet Sinan Antoon (2011):
Poetry, novels and popular culture have chronicled and encapsulated the struggle of peoples against colonial rule and later, against postcolonial monarchies and dictatorships, so the poems, vignettes, and quotes from novels were all there in the collective unconscious.... The revolution introduced new songs, chants and tropes, but it refocused attention on an already existing, rich and living archive.... Contrary to all the brouhaha about Twitter and Facebook, what energized people in Tunisia and Egypt and elsewhere, aside from sociopolitical grievances and an accumulation of pain and anger, was a famous line of poetry by a Tunisian poet, al-Shabbi.Antoon evokes Abū al-Qāsim al-Shābī, whose poem “The Will to Live,” referenced in the epigraph, symbolized the battle cry of Tunisians in the anti-colonial struggles of the early 1900s. Refrains from the poem echoed in both Tunisia and Egypt during the Arab spring uprisings over one century later, thereby highlighting the intimate synergies between the creative imaginary and revolutionary action.
The Effect of Temperature and Altitude of Aerodrome in the Taking off of Aeroplanes
Authors: Gundry P. G. 
Published: February 2017

The Cairo-Cape flights of 1920 brought into prominence many peculiarities of conditions arising from the high temperature combined with high altitude ot the aerodromes on the route. The conditions were for the most part new, for flight from elevated aerodromes in Europe and the United States has been made as a rule in temperate climates, where the temperature at such altitude was low. These peculiarities, which led to great difficulties for the pilots, may be divided into two classes :—(1) Engine peculiarities, especially defects of carburation and unequal heating of the cylinder jackets owing to the high temperature of the air.(2) Aerodynamical peculiarities, owing to the tenuity of the atmosphere. In the former class the difficulties were not to be foreseen, and much valuable information has been obtained as a result of these flights.The latter class of difficulty, on the other hand, was one that could have been predicted with certainty by anyone who has had experience in the testing of the performance of aeroplanes under varying conditions of the atmosphere.
Three Years' Experience of Flying
Authors: Hucks B. C. , Bell C. Gordon 
Published: February 2017

The primary object of the paper which I had the honour to be asked to read' to you this evening, is not to be a mere recital of my experiences during the three years I have been actively piloting an aeroplane, although it has the title “Three Years’ Flying Experience” but I hope to be able to give to you a few points which should be of general interest, and perhaps beneficial to fellow–pilots and to others who have so kindly come here to–night to hear this paper.
I will first give you a few instances of my earliest failures, their causes and remedies. In fact, the solution of most of my troubles, when I look back, may be placed under the simple headings of inexperience and want of confidence, which, I suppose, are very nearly one and the same thing. The machines of three years ago, jt is true, were not so efficient, nor so safe, but that fact has really, in my opinion, no more than quite a small bearing on the results of those days.
Rigid Airships
Authors: Bartlett J. L. 
Published: February 2017

In this lecture it is proposed to deal with the general aerostatical principles governing the flight of lighter-than-air craft, and also to describe briefly the various types of airships, with special reference to the rigid airship.The future of lighter-than-air craft is undoubtedly dependent upon the development of the rigid airship, in which type of ship efficiency and performance increase at a greater rate than the gross lifting capacity.To understand the working of a large airship it is essential to have a thorough grasp of the elementary aerostatic principles governing the flight of an ordinary free balloon, so it is proposed, first, to outline these principles and then to pass on to the non-rigid, semi-rigid and rigid types of airships, all of which are virtually balloons of varying type, rendered dirigible by the fitting of means of propulsion, and navigable by the introduction of controlling surfaces.
The Effect of Atmospheric Pressure and Temperature upon the Performance of a Petrol Engine
Authors: Ritchie E. G. 
Published: February 2017

The efficiency of all internal combustion engines is influenced to a large degree by the density of the charge prior to ignition. In the stationary engine operating at normal ground density, the variation in compression pressure throughout the range of working conditions is so small as to have no appreciable effect upon engine performance. In the aero engine, however, the conditions obtaining in flight are such as to produce wide variation in the suction pressure and therefore in the compression pressure due to changes in atmospheric density. Table I has been prepared to show the variation in air pressure, temperature and density with height, the figures given representing the mean conditions obtaining in the south of England.
Wilbur Wright
Authors: Brewer Griffith 
Published: February 2017

The present generation will never completely realise the magnitude of the loss to Aviation caused by the death of Wilbur Wright, and yet it requires but a moment's thought to recognise that his name will live until all histories are obliterated, for with his brother Orville, he accomplished the dream of ages, which men of acknowledged science had become in the habit of first attempting to accomplish, and then alleging the feat to be amongst the unattainable.There are only three ways of getting from one place to another on this earth; one is on land, the next is on water, and the third is now through the air. Certainly it was possible to travel in the air to destinations settled by the caprice of the wind, but to do the same as the birds, and travel from one place to another, had never been possible until Wilbur and Orville Wright accomplished mechanical flight in 1903.
Angle of Incidence
Authors: Wright Wilbur 
Published: February 2017

If the term “ angle of incidence,” so frequently used in aeronautical discussions, could be confined to a single definite meaning, viz., the angle at which aeroplane and wind actually meet, much error and confusion Would be averted. But many of the best writers use this term loosely and inexactly, with the result that their calculations and explanations of phenomena are thereby often rendered of little value, and students are misled.If a plane be held stationary in a horizontal wind (Fig. 1), the angle of incidence A C D will be equal to the angle with the horizon. But if the wind have an upward trend, the angle of incidence will be increased to A C D2. A calculation based on the assumption that A C D still remained the true angle would, of course, be seriously in error.If it be assumed (Fig. 2) that the wind moves from D2 to C, while the plane moves from E to C, the angle of incidence will become A C D3.
“Flying in Clouds”
Authors: Fowler Henry 
Published: February 2017

From Captain Hucks’ remarks on the difficulties of keeping a straight course when flying in clouds, and the impossibility of relying upon the compass as a guide when out of sight of a fixed point of reference, it would appear that the nature of the errors to which a compass is liable, and the circumstances under which it may be relied upon are not generally known.Much work has been done at the Royal Aircraft Factory in the last three years on the behaviour of compasses in the air, and the directions to be followed in their design in order to avoid their errors as far as possible. This work was chiefly done by the late Captain Keith Lucas, F.R.S., who was unfortunately killed when learning to fly, in the autumn of last year. The following is a short statement as to what may be expected from compasses in aeroplanes:—On account of the dip the N. point of the compass card, when an aeroplane is turning, always tends to point too much towards the centre of the turn, the amount of error varying according to the bearing from which the turn is made.
Loss of BRG1 induces CRC cell senescence by regulating p53/p21 pathway
Authors: Wang Guihua , Fu Yinjia , Hu Fuqing , Lan Jinqing , Xu Feng , Yang Xi , Luo Xuelai , Wang Jing , Hu Junbo 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBrahma-related gene-1 (BRG1) is the specific ATPase of switch/sucrose nonfermentable chromatin-remodeling complex that is aberrantly expressed or mutated in various cancers. However, the exact role of BRG1 in oncogenesis remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that the knockdown (KD) of BRG1 promotes cellular senescence by influencing the SIRT1/p53/p21 signal axis in colorectal cancer (CRC). In particular, we reveal that the expression level of BRG1 is inversely correlated with p21, one of the classic senescence regulators, and is decreased in senescent CRC cells. KD of BRG1 promoting senescence is indicated by the increase of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity, inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of cell cycle arrest, and formation of senescence-associated heterochromatin foci. BRG1 binds to SIRT1 and interferes with SIRT1-mediated deacetylation of p53 at K382. Rescue experiments by co-silencing p53 or treatment with EX527, a SIRT1-specific inhibitor, abrogated the cellular senescence induced by KD of BRG1. BRG1 KD cells resulted in smaller tumor formation than that in control cells in vivo. Collectively, our study shows that BRG1 has an important role in cellular senescence and tumor growth. The BRG1/SIRT1/p53 signal axis is a novel mechanism of cell senescence in CRC and is a new potential target for cancer therapy.
Tenovin-6 impairs autophagy by inhibiting autophagic flux
Authors: Yuan Hongfeng , Tan Brandon , Gao Shou-Jiang 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTenovin-6 has attracted significant interest because it activates p53 and inhibits sirtuins. It has anti-neoplastic effects on multiple hematopoietic malignancies and solid tumors in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Tenovin-6 was recently shown to impair the autophagy pathway in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells and pediatric soft tissue sarcoma cells. However, whether tenovin-6 has a general inhibitory effect on autophagy and whether there is any involvement with SIRT1 and p53, both of which are regulators of the autophagy pathway, remain unclear. In this study, we have demonstrated that tenovin-6 increases microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3-II) level in diverse cell types in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, the increase of LC3-II by tenovin-6 is caused by inhibition of the classical autophagy pathway via impairing lysosomal function without affecting the fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes. Furthermore, we have revealed that tenovin-6 activation of p53 is cell type dependent, and tenovin-6 inhibition of autophagy is not dependent on its regulatory functions on p53 and SIRT1. Our results have shown that tenovin-6 is a potent autophagy inhibitor, and raised the precaution in interpreting results where tenovin-6 is used as an inhibitor of SIRT1.