bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Benchmark Proposal for Non‐Generative Fair Adversarial Learning Strategies Using a Fairness‐Utility Trade‐off Metric
Authors: de Lima Luiz Fernando F. P. , Ricarte Danielle Rousy D. , Siebra Clauirton A. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAI systems for decision‐making have become increasingly popular in several areas. However, it is possible to identify biased decisions in many applications, which have become a concern for the computer science, artificial intelligence, and law communities. Therefore, researchers are proposing solutions to mitigate bias and discrimination among decision‐makers. Some explored strategies are based on GANs to generate fair data. Others are based on adversarial learning to achieve fairness by encoding fairness constraints through an adversarial model. Moreover, it is usual for each proposal to assess its model with a specific metric, making comparing current approaches a complex task. Therefore, this work proposes a systematical benchmark procedure to assess the fair machine learning models. The proposed procedure comprises a fairness‐utility trade‐off metric (), the utility and fairness metrics to compose this assessment, the used datasets and preparation, and the statistical test. A previous work presents some of these definitions. The present work enriches the procedure by increasing the applied datasets and statistical guarantees when comparing the models' results. We performed this benchmark evaluation for the non‐generative adversarial models, analyzing the literature models from the same metric perspective. This assessment could not indicate a single model which better performs for all datasets. However, we built an understanding of how each model performs on each dataset with statistical confidence.
Leveraging how animals learn in conservation science: Behavioral responses of reintroduced bison to management interventions
Authors: Verzuh Tana L. , Heuer Karsten , Merkle Jerod A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractReintroduction programs have increased amid unprecedented biodiversity loss, yet the success of these programs lag. A prominent reason for program failure is dispersal beyond the planned range of the population. Management techniques, such as hazing, can be used to prevent movement beyond set boundaries, but to be effective long‐term, the animals must learn to avoid the areas where they are hazed. Although concepts of animal learning have been used to improve reintroduction programs, learning is not often explicitly tested or used as an indicator of program success. We used a conservation behavior framework to evaluate how a range of management techniques influenced learning in a reintroduced population of bison in Banff National Park, Canada. We hypothesized exposure to stronger negative stimuli would enhance learning, leading to more pronounced behavioral responses. Specifically, we tested the degree to which management actions (i.e., drift fence encounters, foot, horseback, helicopter, and combined hazing) elicited behavioral responses and how they facilitated learning. Consistent with our predictions, drift fence interactions and foot and horseback hazing elicited fewer behavioral responses of a smaller magnitude than helicopter hazing or combined methods, suggesting these techniques cause less disturbance to the bison. Bison continually returned to locations where they encountered management actions that caused the least disturbance, demonstrating a lack of associative learning. Bison appeared to form negative associations with locations where they were hazed via helicopter or combined methods, however, and rarely returned to these locations. Evaluating management techniques is essential for improving conservation success. We demonstrate that by bridging the fields of conservation biology and animal learning, we can understand how management techniques influence learning and behavior thereby facilitating effective conservation plans that incorporate disruption levels of the animals, financial costs, and overall effectiveness. Effective conservation plans, in turn, improve our likelihood of successfully managing and recovering species.
Evaluation of Single Versus Two‐Dose Basiliximab Induction Therapy in Live‐Donor Liver Transplant
Authors: Herrmann Benjamin N. , Moore Cody A. , Johnson Heather J. , Humar Abhinav , Shimko Kristen A. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundBasiliximab is a high‐cost induction agent typically given as two doses in liver transplant recipients. This study evaluated renal outcomes in live‐donor liver transplant recipients (LDLTRs) with stable renal function at the time of transplant receiving one versus two doses of basiliximab.MethodsWe retrospectively identified 231 adult LDLTR with a serum creatinine (SCr) <1.5 mg/dL on post‐transplant Day 5. The primary endpoint was a change in SCr from post‐transplant Days 5 to 30 between the groups. Secondary endpoints included incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI), liver rejection, and culture‐positive infections within 3 and 6 months of transplant. Basiliximab‐related cost savings were also evaluated.ResultsMedian change in SCr from post‐transplant Days 5 to 30 was no different between the single‐dose or two‐dose groups (0.1 [IQR: −0.1–0.3] vs. 0.2 [IQR: −0.1–0.4], p = 0.08). Incidence of AKI was 56.9% in the two‐dose group versus 39.0% in the single‐dose group (p = 0.01). There was no difference in bacterial (p = 0.40), fungal (p = 0.59), or viral (p = 0.78) infections. Acute cellular rejection through 6 months post‐transplant was noted in 9.7% of patients receiving two doses and 6.3% in the single‐dose arm (p = 0.42). Basiliximab‐related cost savings in the single‐dose arm was ∼$697 863.72 over 159 transplants.ConclusionsSingle‐dose basiliximab appears to be safe and effective in place of two doses in LDLTR with stable renal function on post‐transplant Day 5. Utilization of a single basiliximab dose significantly reduced medication‐related costs.
Compound Follicles in Folliculitis Decalvans Do Not Contain Vellus and Retained Telogen Follicles—A Pilot Histopathologic Series on Polytrichia
Authors: Lee Juwon , Miteva Mariya 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPolytrichia is a common clinical and trichoscopic feature in folliculitis decalvans (FD) that morphologically corresponds to compound follicular structures (CFS) of six or more follicles sharing a single infundibulum, surrounded by fibrosis.ObjectivesTo characterize the type of follicles in the CFS in scalp biopsy specimens from FD.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 10 scalp biopsy specimens obtained by using the trichoscopy‐guided approach from the affected scalp of patients diagnosed with early‐stage FD between 2018 and 2023. We assessed the number and type of follicles within the CFS on horizontal sections.ResultsThe total number of assessed follicles was 205, out of which 159 were part of CFS. Of those, 156 were terminal follicles (146 anagen and ten telogen), three intermediate, and zero vellus follicles. Other common findings included dense mixed cell infiltrate consisting of histiocytes, plasma cells, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils; psoriasiform hyperplasia; and fragmented hair shafts.ConclusionsWe show that CFS in FD are composed largely of terminal anagen follicles. This may help with further understanding of the disease.
Pricing in response to new information: The case of betting markets
Authors: Fischer Kai , Schmal W. Benedikt 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMarkets are information aggregators. But how do they incorporate new data into their pricing? We examine the response of prediction markets to a novel information shock in a quasi‐natural experiment: How did the absence announcements of elite soccer players influence the betting odds of affected matches? Analyzing the first four statistical moments of 117,174 odds from 32 bookmakers, we identify initial inertia followed by a lagged reaction that we cannot reason with learning. Our findings raise questions about how bettors and bookmakers incorporate new information into their beliefs. It has broader implications regarding information processing in markets.
How do firms respond to state retirement plan mandates?
Authors: Bloomfield Adam , Lee Kyung Min , Philbrick Jay , Slavov Sita Nataraj 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe investigate how state “Auto‐IRA” mandates affect firm offerings of employer‐sponsored retirement plans (ESRPs). These policies require firms without ESRPs to facilitate automatic employee contributions to state‐created individual retirement accounts. We find that these policies increase an individual's probability of working for a firm with an ESRP by 6%–9% and of being included in the ESRP by 8%–13%. At the firm level, these policies increase the probability of offering an ESRP by 7%, the probability of establishing a new ESRP by 41%–44%, and the number of ESRP participants by 6 percent.
The Development and Piloting of an Early Youth‐Engagement (EYE) Model to Improve Engagement of Young People in First Episode Psychosis Services: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Greenwood Kathryn , Chandler Ruth , Labuschagne Kirsty , Peters Emmanuelle , Alford Katie , de Visser Richard , Field Andy , Slater Luke , Garety Philippa 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimPsychosis is associated with significant health and societal costs. Early intervention in psychosis services (EIP) are highly effective in promoting recovery, yet substantial proportions of young people disengage. The current study aimed to develop and evaluate a novel engagement intervention in EIP services.MethodA qualitative investigation of facilitators and barriers to engagement in 68 first episode psychosis patients, family members and young people, and a Delphi consultation with 27 regional and national youth and psychosis service leads informed the development of the intervention.A mixed‐methods feasibility‐pilot study then compared engagement outcomes in 298 EIP service users in two cohorts: standard EIP versus standard EIP plus the novel early youth‐engagement (EYE) intervention. A qualitative study explored intervention experiences in 22 randomly selected service users, carers and clinicians. A process evaluation explored delivery.ResultsDisengagement was 24% in the standard EIP cohort compared to 14.5% in the standard EIP plus EYE intervention cohort. A 95% Bayesian credibility interval revealed a 95% probability that the true reduction in disengagement lay somewhere between 0% and 18%. The number needed to treat was 11, 95% CI [5, 242]. Use of the EYE resources was associated with engagement. Qualitiative feedback supported effects on communication, social network engagement, service user goals, mental health and well‐being outcomes.ConclusionThe EYE intervention was designed from a service user, young person and carer perspective. Both qualitative and quantitative data support impacts on engagement. We now need to evaluate effectiveness, cost‐effectiveness and implementation in a multi‐site randomised controlled trial.
Asciminib in Advanced‐Line Treatment of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Shacham‐Abulafia Adi , Volcheck Yulia , Ellis Martin , Shapira Shirley , Tavor Sigal , Gourevitch Anna , Kreiniz Natalia , Stanevski Anfisa , Raanani Pia , Koren‐ Michowitz Maya 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesAsciminib, a novel allosteric BCR::ABL1 inhibitor, targets the ABL1 myristoyl pocket to potentially reduce toxicity and enhance efficacy. It is approved for Philadelphia chromosome‐positive chronic‐phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML‐CP) in patients with resistance or intolerance to two or more tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) or those with the T315I mutation.MethodsThis retrospective analysis evaluated patients with CML treated with asciminib under a managed‐access program across eight Israeli centers from July 2019 to August 2022. We assessed treatment responses, toxicities, event‐free survival (EFS), and overall survival (OS) using Kaplan–Meier methods.ResultsThe study included 30 patients who had received a median of three prior TKIs, with 73% starting asciminib due to intolerance. After a median follow‐up of 7.1 months, 85% of those without prior complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) achieved CCyR, and 60% previously not in major molecular response (MMR) attained MMR. Resistance was rare (10%), with no cardiovascular events reported despite high baseline comorbidity (73%). Median EFS was 47 months; median OS was not reached.ConclusionAsciminib demonstrates significant efficacy and tolerability in heavily pretreated patients with CML‐CP, with no new cardiovascular events observed. Further long‐term studies are necessary to explore its full cardiovascular impact.
Limited Migration From Physiological Refugia Constrains the Rescue of Native Gastropods Facing an Invasive Predator
Authors: Salamon Mathilde , Astorg Louis , Paccard Antoine , Chain Frederic , Hendry Andrew P. , Derry Alison M. , Barrett Rowan D. H. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBiological invasions have caused the loss of freshwater biodiversity worldwide. The interplay between adaptive responses and demographic characteristics of populations impacted by invasions is expected to be important for their resilience, but the interaction between these factors is poorly understood. The freshwater gastropod Amnicola limosus is native to the Upper St. Lawrence River and distributed along a water calcium concentration gradient within which high‐calcium habitats are impacted by an invasive predator fish (Neogobius melanostomus, round goby), whereas low‐calcium habitats provide refuges for the gastropods from the invasive predator. Our objectives were to (1) test for adaptation of A. limosus to the invasive predator and the low‐calcium habitats, and (2) investigate if migrant gastropods could move from refuge populations to declining invaded populations (i.e., demographic rescue), which could also help maintain genetic diversity through gene flow (i.e., genetic rescue). We conducted a laboratory reciprocal transplant of wild F0 A. limosus sourced from the two habitat types (high calcium/invaded and low calcium/refuge) to measure adult survival and fecundity in home and transplant treatments of water calcium concentration (low/high) and round goby cue (present/absent). We then applied pooled whole‐genome sequencing of 12 gastropod populations from across the calcium/invasion gradient. We identified patterns of life‐history traits and genetic differentiation across the habitats that are consistent with local adaptation to low‐calcium concentrations in refuge populations and to round goby predation in invaded populations. We also detected restricted gene flow from the low‐calcium refugia towards high‐calcium invaded populations, implying that the potential for demographic and genetic rescue is limited by natural dispersal. Our study highlights the importance of considering the potentially conflicting effects of local adaptation and gene flow for the resilience of populations coping with invasive predators.
Lesion size index‐guided radiofrequency catheter ablation using an impedance‐based three‐dimensional mapping system to treat sustained atrial tachycardia in a horse
Authors: Buschmann Eva , Van Steenkiste Glenn , Vernemmen Ingrid , Demeyere Marie , Schauvliege Stijn , Decloedt Annelies , van Loon Gunther 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSustained atrial tachycardia at an atrial rate of 191/min on the surface ECG was detected in a 6‐year‐old Warmblood mare. The vectorcardiogram obtained from a 12‐lead ECG suggested a caudo‐dorsal right atrial origin of the arrhythmia. Impedance‐based three‐dimensional electro‐anatomical mapping, using the EnSite™ Precision Cardiac Mapping System revealed a clockwise macro‐reentry around a line of conduction block in the caudomedial right atrium. Ten radiofrequency applications were applied to isolate the caudal vena cava myocardial sleeves at a power of 35 W and mean contact force of 14 ± 3 g until a lesion size index of 6 was reached. Sinus rhythm was restored at the first energy application. Successful isolation was confirmed by demonstrating entrance and exit block. Holter monitoring 5 days post‐ablation revealed no abnormalities. To date, 9 months after treatment, no recurrence has been observed. The use of lesion size index‐guided ablation and isolation of the arrhythmogenic substrate in the caudal vena cava may minimise the risk of recurrence.
Increased Abnormal Erythrocytes Caused by Spleen Filtration Deficiency Provide a Hypoxic Environment for the Occurrence of Psoriasis
Authors: Zhao Ya , Wu Yayun , Fan Dancai , Deng Hao , Liu Lijuan , Deng Shigui , Zhao Ruizhi , Lu Chuanjian 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPsoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease with a long disease course and frequent relapse characteristics. It is now recognised to be associated with epidermal environments of inflammatory cytokines. However, its pathogenesis is still not completely clear. We found the haemorheology of psoriatic patients to be abnormal, and ageing and deformed erythrocytes increased in the blood. The abnormal erythrocytes were more likely to induce psoriasis, which was confirmed in a mouse model induced by different blood components of psoriatic patients/healthy volunteers. Spleen filtration dysfunction, which caused abnormal erythrocytes, was also more likely to induce psoriasis, which was confirmed in a mouse model induced by splenectomy. The mechanism was the weakening of the ‘eat me’ function of spleen macrophages phagocytizing ageing and deformed erythrocytes, resulting in the dysfunction of spleen filtration and the increase of ageing and deformed erythrocytes in the body. Additionally, the decreased oxygen‐carrying capacity and the declined antioxidant capacity of those erythrocytes led to the hypoxia environment, making psoriasis more likely to be induced. These findings demonstrate that spleen filtration dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of psoriasis and suggest that improving it may be an effective therapy for psoriasis and control its relapse.
Energy Security, Intelligence and Innovation Quality: Evidence From China's New Energy Demonstration City Policy
Authors: Liu Minghui , Yang Sasa , Yao Xin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe development of new energy and the application of intelligent technologies are crucial for ensuring energy security and promoting high‐quality economic growth. This article utilises a sample of A‐share listed enterprises in China from 2008 to 2020, employing a difference‐in‐differences (DID) approach to explore the impact of new energy demonstration cities (NEDC) on innovation quality and focuses on the role of intelligent development. It is found that the construction of NEDC contributes to the improvement of enterprise innovation quality. Corporate intelligence transformation further enhances the effect of the NEDC policy, demonstrating a synergistic relationship with new energy transition. Additionally, compared with collaborative innovation, the improvement effect of NEDC policy on enterprise self‐innovation quality is more significant. Non‐state‐owned enterprises, those in the growth stage, with a solid technological foundation and located in non‐resource‐based cities are more likely to achieve improvements in innovation quality during the energy transition. Our work provides empirical evidence and valuable insights for ensuring energy security and facilitating intelligent innovation development.
Phenological Adaptation Is Insufficient to Offset Climate Change‐Induced Yield Losses in US Hybrid Maize
Authors: Kusmec Aaron , Schnable Patrick S. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTClimate change is projected to decrease maize yields due to warmer temperatures and their consequences. Studies using crop growth models (CGMs), however, have predicted that, through a combination of alterations to planting date, flowering time, and maturity, these yield losses can be mitigated or even reversed. Here, we examine three assumptions of such studies: (1) that climate has driven historical phenological trends, (2) that CGM ensembles provide unbiased estimates of yields under high temperatures, and (3) that the effects of temperature on yields are an emergent property of interactions between phenology and environment. We used data on maize phenology from the United States Department of Agriculture, a statistical model of maize hybrid heat tolerance derived from 80 years of public yield trial records across four US states, and outputs of an ensemble of CMIP6 climate models. While planting dates have advanced historically, we found a trend toward later planting dates after 2005 and no trend for silking or maturity, shifting more time into the reproductive period. We then projected maize yields using the historical model and crop calendars devised using three previously proposed adaptation strategies. In contrast to studies using CGMs, our statistical yield model projected severe yield losses under all three strategies. Finally, we projected maize yields accounting for historical genetic variability for heat tolerance, discovering that it was insufficient to overcome the negative effects of projected warming. These projections are driven by greater heat stress exposure under all crop calendars and climate scenarios. Combined with analysis of the internal sensitivities of CGMs to temperature, our results suggest that current projections do not adequately account for the effects of increasing temperatures on maize yields. Climate adaptation in the US Midwest must utilize a richer set of strategies than phenological adaptation, including improvements to heat tolerance and crop diversification.
Locoregional event or dyssynchronous distant metastasis: clinicopathological and molecular analysis of contralateral axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients
Authors: Wang Yihong , Liu Liu , Graff Stephanie L. , Cheng Liang 
Published: October 2024

AimsContralateral axillary lymph node metastasis (CAM) is a rare clinical condition in patients with breast cancer (BC). CAM can be either a locoregional event or a distant metastasis. Molecular application for clonal evolution in BC has not been reported in CAM cases.MethodsWe studied six patients with CAM with clinical, pathological and/or molecular evidence of distant metastasis; those patients had poor outcomes.ResultsTwo cases with molecular analysis of paired primary and CAM established clonal evolution of the CAM with its corresponding primary with additional molecular alteration, increased tumour mutation burden, and copy number variations (CNVs) in the CAMs. Four cases containing alterations from genes potentially modulate chromatin organization, supporting chromatin and subsequent transcriptional signature changes are essential in CAM. Molecular analysis is critical to establish the connection between CAM and its primary counterpart. Distant CAM shows clonal evolution compared with its corresponding primary with additional molecular alterations, increased mutation burden and/or copy number variations.ConclusionCAM should be evaluated individually and handled in a personalized fashion. Evidence of a true metastatic CAM can be supported by distant metastasis to other organs, specific morphological features and/or clonal evolution.