bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Species‐genotypic parameters of the CROPGRO Perennial Forage Model: Implications for comparison of three tropical pasture grasses
Authors: Pequeno D. N. L. , Pedreira C. G. S. , Boote K. J. , Alderman P. D. , Faria A. F. G. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBrachiaria and Cynodon are two of the most important pasture grasses worldwide. Computer model simulations can be used to study pasture species growth and physiological aspects to identify gaps of knowledge for genetic improvement and management strategies. The objective of this research was to compare the performance relative to calibrated parameters of the CROPGRO‐Perennial Forage Model (CROPGRO‐PFM) for simulating three different species (“Marandu” palisadegrass, “Convert HD 364®” brachiariagrass and “Tifton 85” bermudagrass) grown under similar management. The field experiment consisted of two harvest frequencies, 28 and 42 days, under irrigated and rainfed conditions. Data used to calibrate the model included regular forage harvests, plant‐part composition, leaf photosynthesis, leaf area index, light interception and plant nitrogen concentration. The simulation of biomass production of the three grasses presented d‐statistic values higher than 0.80, RMSE ranging from 313 to 619 kg/ha and ratio observed/simulated ranging 0.968 to 1.027. Harvest frequency treatments of 28 and 42 days were well simulated by the model. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the most influential parameters needed for model calibration and to contrast the grasses, showing that the differences among the three grasses are mostly driven by plant‐part composition and assimilate partitioning among plant organs.
Water and power: Reintegrating the state into the study of Egyptian irrigation
Authors: Haug Brendan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe study of irrigation in ancient Egypt has swung between two poles. Early environmental‐determinist scholarship stressed the imperative of state control while the most recent work denies the state any significant role and instead emphasizes the agency of local communities. This article briefly explores the historiography of Egyptian irrigation, critiquing both its colonialist roots and the extreme reaction against colonialist preconceptions that marks current scholarship. A case study of Roman state coordination is then presented as an argument for reintegrating the state into the history of Egyptian water management.
Estimated depth of apatite and collagen degradation in human dentine by sequential exposure to sodium hypochlorite and EDTA: a quantitative FTIR study
Authors: Ramírez‐Bommer C. , Gulabivala K. , Ng Y.‐L. , Young A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAimTo characterize chemical degradation of the principal constituents of dentine after exposure to NaOCl and EDTA using Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR–FTIR).MethodologyGround dentine particles, from extracted permanent human molars, were passed through sieves of 38 to 1 000 μm to provide six size ranges. Portions (250 mg) of each size range were reacted with 5 mL of 2.5% NaOCl for 2‐10 min; or 17% EDTA for 5‐1440 min. Powders larger than 75 μm were also sequentially exposed to NaOCl/EDTA/NaOCl each for 10 min. All experiments were repeated five times. Reacted and unreacted powders were washed and dried. Particles larger than 75 μm were then reground. FTIR spectra of unground and reground reacted particles enabled assessment of particle surface versus bulk chemistry, respectively, plus estimation of reaction depth. Changes in the ratio of the 1 640 cm−1 collagen: 1 010 cm−1 phosphate peak height or its inverse were obtained. These were used to estimate surface and bulk fraction reacted and thus depth to which collagen or phosphate was reduced following immersion in NaOCl or EDTA, respectively. The data were analysed descriptively.ResultsSurface collagen fraction declined by ~40% within 2 min of NaOCl exposure, and plateaued at ~60% between 6‐10 min. Bulk spectra showed average depth of collagen loss at 10 min was 16 ± 13 μm. Ten minute EDTA exposure caused ~60% loss of surface phosphate. Average depth of phosphate loss was 19 ± 12 μm and 89 ± 43 μm after 10 and 1 440 min EDTA immersion, respectively. Sequential NaOCl/EDTA immersion yielded a 62 ± 28 μm thick phosphate‐depleted surface. Sequential NaOCl/EDTA/NaOCl treatment resulted in approximately 85 μm of collagen loss.ConclusionsData revealed the sequential depletion of collagen by NaOCl and apatite by EDTA in dentine, simultaneously exposing the other moieties. Alternate exposure to NaOCl and EDTA therefore enhances the depth of erosion.
A unified materials approach to mitigating optical nonlinearities in optical fiber. II. B. The optical fiber, material additivity and the nonlinear coefficients
Authors: Dragic Peter D. , Cavillon Maxime , Ballato Arthur , Ballato John 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this paper, Part IIB in the trilogy [Int J Appl Glass Sci. 2018 (not available); Int J Appl Glass Sci. 2018 (not available); Int J Appl Glass Sci. 2018 (not available)], is to describe the continuum models employed to deduce the effects of differential thermal expansion in the clad optical fiber in addition to the nonlinear optical behaviors at high intensities of light. In this continuation of Part IIA, more of the state‐of‐the‐art in W‐S‐based continuum material models are reviewed here with specific examples provided based on canonical material systems suggested from the findings of Part I and treated in detail in Part III. Part IIB pays particular attention to the optical fiber and its nonlinearities.
Clinically indicated replacement versus routine replacement of peripheral venous catheters in adults: A nonblinded, cluster‐randomized trial in China
Authors: Xu Lichun , Hu Yan , Huang Xiaojin , Fu Jianguo , Zhang Jinhui 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to investigate the safety of clinically indicated peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVC) replacement intervals.BackgroundPeripheral intravenous catheters are used internationally, including in China where PIVCs are routinely replaced every 72 to 96 hours. Despite some recent international evidence showing such routine replacement is unnecessary, developing countries such as China have no supporting data.MethodThis cluster‐randomized trial was conducted between December 2 and December 31, 2013, in 10 internal medicine wards and 10 surgery wards at a tertiary referral teaching hospital in Xiamen, China. Patients were randomly divided into an experimental group (PIVCs were replaced only when clinical indications appeared) and a control group (PIVCs were routinely changed every 72‐96 hours). Per‐protocol analysis and intention‐to‐treat analysis were used to analyse the data. Primary end point was the incidence of phlebitis.ResultsThis study analysed the data of 1198 patients (553 patients in the experimental group and 645 patients in the control group). There were no catheter‐related bloodstream infections or local infections in the 2 groups. The 2 groups showed no statistically significant differences in the incidence of phlebitis, catheter occlusion, infiltration, and accidental removal.ConclusionsClinically indicated PIVC replacement is feasible, and it may reduce nursing staff workload and patient discomfort.
The antiviral effects of RSV fusion inhibitor, MDT‐637, on clinical isolates, vs its achievable concentrations in the human respiratory tract and comparison to ribavirin
Authors: Kim Young‐In , Pareek Rajat , Murphy Ryan , Harrison Lisa , Farrell Eric , Cook Robert , DeVincenzo John 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) viral load and disease severity associate, and the timing of viral load and disease run in parallel. An antiviral must be broadly effective against the natural spectrum of RSV genotypes and must attain concentrations capable of inhibiting viral replication within the human respiratory tract.ObjectivesWe evaluated a novel RSV fusion inhibitor, MDT‐637, and compared it with ribavirin for therapeutic effect in vitro to identify relative therapeutic doses achievable in humans.MethodMDT‐637 and ribavirin were co‐incubated with RSV in HEp‐2 cells. Quantitative PCR assessed viral concentrations; 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were compared to achievable human MDT‐637 and ribavirin peak and trough concentrations.Results and conclusionsThe IC50 for MDT‐637 and ribavirin (against RSV‐A Long) was 1.42 and 16 973 ng/mL, respectively. The ratio of achievable peak respiratory secretion concentration to IC50 was 6041‐fold for MDT‐637 and 25‐fold for aerosolized ribavirin. The ratio of trough concentration to IC50 was 1481‐fold for MDT‐637 and 3.29‐fold for aerosolized ribavirin. Maximal peak and trough levels of oral or intravenous ribavirin were significantly lower than their IC50s. We also measured MDT‐637 IC50s in 3 lab strains and 4 clinical strains. The IC50s ranged from 0.36 to 3.4 ng/mL. Achievable human MDT‐637 concentrations in respiratory secretions exceed the IC50s by factors from hundreds to thousands of times greater than does ribavirin. Furthermore, MDT‐637 has broad in vitro antiviral activity on clinical strains of different RSV genotypes and clades. Together, these data imply that MDT‐637 may produce a superior clinical effect compared to ribavirin on natural RSV infections.
Examining the use of status quo bias perspective in IS research: need for re‐conceptualizing and incorporating biases
Authors: Lee Kyootai , Joshi Kailash 
Published: October 2017

AbstractKim & Kankanhalli introduced status quo bias perspective (SQBP) to help understand information systems (hereinafter IS) users' resistance behaviour. Since then, scholars have widely referred to the theoretical perspective to understand user resistance to and adoption of new IS and information and communication technologies (hereinafter ICT). However, our analysis found that while adopting SQBP, researchers focused primarily on rational cost‐and‐benefit analysis, rather than on the fundamental tenet of SQBP that highlights ‘bias’ in users' decision‐making on account of their cognitive limitations that lead to bounded rationality. In addition, some of the key constructs used in SQBP were not properly interpreted or were oversimplified in their operationalization. This research note aims to provide guidance for utilizing and analysing SQBP and its constructs for future IS user resistance/adoption research. Because SQBP provides unique insights into ‘bias’ in human decision‐making in its presentation of bounded rationality, accurate interpretation of its concepts and their investigation can help better understand the different sources of user resistance derived from the status quo bias during new IS and ICT implementation. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
An explorative study on the validity of various definitions of a 2·2°C temperature threshold as warning signal for impending diabetic foot ulceration
Authors: Wijlens Anke M , Holloway Samantha , Bus Sicco A , van Netten Jaap J 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHome monitoring of skin temperature is effective to prevent diabetic foot ulceration. We explored the validity of various definitions for the >2·2°C left‐to‐right threshold used as a warning signal for impending ulceration. Twenty patients with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy monitored their skin temperature with an infrared thermometer at the plantar hallux, metatarsal heads, midfoot and heel four times a day for 6 consecutive days. Environmental temperature and walking activity were monitored and associated with foot temperature. The average temperature difference between feet was 0·65°C. At single locations, a left‐to‐right temperature difference of >2·2°C was found 245 times (8·5% of measurements). Confirmation of these above‐threshold readings on the following day was found seven times (0·3%). Corrected for individual left‐to‐right mean foot temperature differences, this reduced to four (0·2%). No ulcers developed in the week after monitoring. Left‐to‐right foot temperature differences were not significantly correlated with walking activity, environmental temperature or time of day. The >2·2°C left‐to‐right foot temperature threshold for impending ulceration is not valid as single measurement, but validity improves to acceptable levels when an above‐threshold temperature difference is confirmed the following day and further improves with individual correction. The threshold is independent of time of day, environmental temperature and walking activity.
From Outsiders to Insiders: A Civil Society Perspective on EU Financial Reforms
Authors: Kastner Lisa 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis article examines the role of non‐financial interest groups in EU financial regulatory decision‐making. While regulatory capture theories clearly helped identify the causes for the incrementality in spite of the major shock the 2008 crisis had caused, this article will consider a range of regulatory policy initiatives that do not neatly conform with this theory. I examine the extent to which non‐financial groups are able to have their preferences met in the making of three different consumer policies: the Mortgage Credit Directive (MCD), stricter regulations of retail investment products (PRIPs/KID) and the reform of EU level supervisory structures. By employing a process‐tracing approach based on qualitative interviews to analyze political responses to the 2008 financial crisis, the article demonstrates that newly mobilized groups could translate key advocacy goals into policy by deploying counter‐expertise and co‐operating with policy‐makers in some cases but not in others.
Recent Trends in Baccalaureate‐Prepared Registered Nurses in U.S. Acute Care Hospital Units, 2004–2013: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Ma Chenjuan , Garrard Lili , He Jianghua 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPurposeTo examine the trends in baccalaureate (bachelor of science in nursing)–prepared registered nurses (BSN RNs) in U.S. acute care hospital units and to project the growth in the number of BSN RNs by 2020.DesignThis is a longitudinal study using the Registered Nurse Education Indicators data (2004–2013) from the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators.MethodsThe level of BSN RNs in each unit was operationalized as the proportion of nurses holding a baccalaureate degree or higher among all the nurses in a unit. Our sample included 12,194 unit‐years from 2,126 units of six cohorts in 377 U.S. acute care hospitals. A hierarchical linear regression model was used to examine the trends in BSN RNs and to project future growth in the number of BSN RNs when controlling for hospital and unit characteristics and considering repeated measures in units over time and clustering of units within hospitals.ResultsThe proportion of BSN RNs in U.S. acute care hospital units increased from 44% in 2004 to 57% in 2013 (a 30% increase); when combining all cohorts, this rate increased from 44% in 2009 to 51% in 2013. On average, the proportion of BSN RNs in a unit increased by 1.3% annually before 2010 and by 1.9% each year from 2010 on. The percentage of units having at least 80% of their nurses with a baccalaureate degree or higher increased from 3% in 2009 to 7% in 2013. Based on the current trends, 64% of the nurses working in a hospital unit will have a baccalaureate degree by 2020, and 22% of the units will reach the 80% goal by 2020.ConclusionsThere was a significant increase in the proportion of BSN RNs in U.S. acute care hospital units over the past decade, particularly after 2010. However, given the current trends, it is unlikely that the goal of 80% nurses with a baccalaureate degree will be achieved by 2020.Clinical RelevanceThe U.S. nursing workforce is under educational transformation in order to meet the increasing healthcare needs. To help accelerate this transformation, further advocacy, commitment, and investment are needed from all healthcare stakeholders (e.g., policymakers, executives and managers of healthcare facilities, nursing schools, etc.).
A new practical classification for spatial distribution and morphology of human hair: Ahmad'sLGMAclassification
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad 
Published: October 2017

SummaryBackgroundThe human hair is a complex structure with a diversity within itself. There is a wide variation in distribution and spatial arrangement of hairs.MethodsThe current classification was developed on the basis of high‐resolution photographs of adult human scalp.ResultsOn the observation, the new classification consisted of 4 categories.ConclusionsIt will help the hair restoration surgeons and dermatologists to identify the various pattern and also to help in deciding the appropriate size of the punch in FUE.
Mechanism of in-vitro inhibition of UGT1A1 by paritaprevir
Authors: Alam Novera , Angeli Mia G , Greenblatt David J 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Objectives
The direct-acting protease inhibitor paritaprevir is a new pharmaco-logic option available for treatment of chronic hepatitis C (HCV). Paritaprevir is reported to inhibit human UGT 1A1, but the mechanism of inhibition and its possible clinical consequences are not established. Our objective was to evaluate the in-vitro metabolic interaction between paritaprevir and the oral contraceptive steroid ethinyl estradiol (EE), a UGT 1A1 substrate.

Methods
Enzyme kinetic parameters were determined using human liver microsomes for the biotransformation of EE to its glucuronide metabolites, and the potency and mechanism of inhibition by paritaprevir. Probenecid was used as a reference inhibitor for purposes of assay validation.

Key findings
The underlying pattern of EE kinetics was complex, with evidence of substrate inhibition. The in-vitro inhibition constant (Ki) value for paritaprevir vs EE on average was 20 μm and was consistent with a competitive inhibition mechanism. The ratio of in-vivo maximum plasma concentration of paritaprevir to in-vitro Ki was &lt;0.1.

Conclusions
Paritaprevir is an in-vitro inhibitor of UGT 1A1. However, the in-vitro Ki value relative to maximum clinical plasma concentrations is below the threshold to trigger a recommendation for pharmacokinetic drug interaction studies.
Mechanisms of resistance in the rice cultivar Manikpukha to the rice stem nematode Ditylenchus angustus
Authors: Khanam Shakhina , Bauters Lander , Singh Richard Raj , Verbeek Ruben , Haeck Ashley , Sultan Saeed M. D. , Demeestere Kristof , Kyndt Tina , Gheysen Godelieve 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThe incompatible interaction between the rice cultivar Manikpukha and the rice stem nematode Ditylenchus angustus has been reported recently. This research focuses on the underlying mechanisms of resistance in Manikpukha. Invasion, post‐infection development and reproduction of D. angustus were compared in compatible and incompatible interactions to identify the stage in which resistance occurs. The results indicate that resistance in Manikpukha is associated with reduced development and reproduction, implying that resistance acts post‐invasion. We studied the possible involvement of three classical defence hormones, salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET), in response to infection in a compatible interaction using biosynthesis/signalling‐deficient transgenic rice lines. All three hormones appear to have an influence on the basal defence of Nipponbare against the stem nematode. Although hormone application increases basal defences, expression studies and hormone analyses after nematode infection in Manikpukha did not show a clear involvement of the hormone defense pathways for SA, ET and JA. However, it seems that OsPAL1 plays a pivotal role in resistance, indicating that the phenylpropanoid pathway and its products might be key players in the incompatible interaction. Lignin measurement showed that, although basal levels are similar, Manikpukha had a significantly higher lignin content on nematode infection, whereas it was decreased in the susceptible cultivar. The results presented here show that SA, ET and JA are involved in basal defences, but the resistance of Manikpukha against D. angustus probably relies on products of the phenylpropanoid pathway.
Pollen tube growth and guidance: Occam's razor sharpened on a molecular arabinogalactan glycoprotein Rosetta Stone
Authors: Lamport Derek T. A. , Tan Li , Held Michael A. , Kieliszewski Marcia J. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryOccam's Razor suggests a new model of pollen tube tip growth based on a novel Hechtian oscillator that integrates a periplasmic arabinogalactan glycoprotein–calcium (AGP‐Ca2+) capacitor with tip‐localized AGPs as the source of tip‐focussed cytosolic Ca2+oscillations: Hechtian adhesion between the plasma membrane and the cell wall of the growing tip acts as a piconewton force transducer that couples the internal stress of a rapidly growing wall to the plasma membrane. Such Hechtian transduction opens stretch‐activated Ca2+ channels and activates H+‐ATPase proton pump efflux that dissociates periplasmic AGP‐Ca2+ resulting in a Ca2+ influx that activates exocytosis of wall precursors. Thus, a highly simplified pectic primary cell wall regulates its own synthesis by a Hechtian growth oscillator that regulates overall tip growth. By analogy with the three cryptic inscriptions of the classical Rosetta Stone, the Hechtian Hypothesis translates classical AGP function as a Ca2+ capacitor, pollen tube guide and wall plasticizer into a simple but widely applicable model of tip growth. Even wider ramifications of the Hechtian oscillator may implicate AGPs in osmosensing or gravisensing and other tropisms, leading us yet further towards the Holy Grail of plant growth.
Does remote monitoring change OSA management and CPAP adherence?
Authors: Pépin Jean L. , Tamisier Renaud , Hwang Dennis , Mereddy Suresh , Parthasarathy Sairam 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTIt is increasingly recognized that the high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), and its associated cardio‐metabolic morbidities make OSA a burden for society. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), the gold standard treatment, needs to be used for more than 4 h/night to be effective, but suffers from relatively poor adherence. Furthermore, CPAP is likely to be more effective if combined with lifestyle changes. Thus, the remote telemonitoring (TM) of OSA patients in terms of CPAP use, signalling of device problems, following disease progression, detection of acute events and monitoring of daily physical activity is an attractive option. In the present review, we aim to summarize the recent scientific data on remote TM of OSA patients, and whether it meets expectations. We also look at how patient education and follow‐up via telemedicine is used to improve adherence and we discuss the influence of the profile of the healthcare provider. Then, we consider how TM might be extended to encompass the patient's cardio‐metabolic health in general. Lastly, we explore how TM and the deluge of data it potentially generates could be combined with electronic health records in providing personalized care and multi‐disease management to OSA patients.
Politic sacrifice in Lucrecia y Tarquino
Authors: García‐Bryce Ariadna 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis paper analyses Francisco de Rojas Zorrilla's comedia, Lucrecia y Tarquino, in relation to the fraught body politics of an absolutist age. Diverging both from the eroticized Lucretias of Renaissance painting and from the antique Roman portrayal of Lucretia's martyrdom as a pathos‐ridden public spectacle that fueled Republican revolution, Rojas's Lucrecia is adapted to a conservative courtly milieu in which corporeal display is ridden with problematic connotations. By combining compelling performance and stringent decorum, Lucrecia embodies the ideals of an epoch marked at once by the recognition that the incitement of truculent emotion is a powerful political tool and by the belief in strict disciplining of the senses. While some have read Lucrecia's embodiment of female modesty as denoting a lack of agency, I show her to be a model of heroic action well suited to the conflicted post‐Machiavellian world where messianic idealism coexists with political pessimism.