bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concentration‐ and time‐dependent behavioural effects of ethanol on Lumbriculus variegatus
Authors: Seeley Aidan , Mahmood Romessa , Bellamy Caitlin , Roome Elis G. , Williams Benjamin S. , Davies Nia A. , Wallace Melisa J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEthanol is one of the most widely used drugs in the world. Ethanol induces profound physiological and behavioural responses in invertebrate model organisms, such as Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. Lumbriculus variegatus (Annelida, Oligochaete) is an aquatic worm which shows behavioural responses to common drugs and thus is potentially useful in pharmacological research. The effects of ethanol are unknown in this organism. In this study, we examine the effects of acute exposure to ethanol (0–500 mM) on the stereotypical movements and locomotor activity of L. variegatus and examine the concentration‐ (0–500 mM) and time‐dependent (0–210 min) effects of ethanol in L. variegatus. We show that ≥250 mM ethanol reversibly reduced the ability of tactile stimulation to elicit stereotypical movements, namely body reversal and helical swimming and locomotor activity (p < 0.05, N = 8). We also found that 2 min of exposure to ≥250 mM ethanol rapidly induces steady‐state hypokinesis (p < 0.05, N = 11) and confirm ethanol absorption into L. variegatus tissues. Additionally, we also observed acute ethanol tolerance after 150 min of exposure to 500 mM ethanol (p < 0.05, N = 24). This study is the first to report the behavioural effects of ethanol in L. variegatus. Our results show that this is a model organism for use in ethanol studies, providing further evidence for its utility in pharmacological research.
Therapeutic burden in hidradenitis suppurativa: a cross‐sectional study of 557 patients
Authors: Haselgruber Sofía , Muñoz‐Barba Daniel , Leon‐Pérez Francisco Javier , Cuenca‐Barrales Carlos , Arias‐Santiago Salvador , Molina‐Leyva Alejandro 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionTherapeutic burden (TB) has been identified as a potential predictor of response to biologic therapy in hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). We aim to analyze the determinants of TB in real‐world clinical settings among HS patients to explain this concept and its utility as an additional tool for guiding therapeutic decision‐making.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study including all consecutive HS patients attending a specialized HS clinic between 2017 and 2024. The primary variable was TB, defined as the cumulative sum of prior systemic treatment cycles and surgical interventions for HS. We analyzed whether sociodemographic or clinical factors were associated with a higher TB.ResultsWe included 557 HS patients. Of these, 50.81% were women, and the mean age was 41.87 (14.19) years. Most patients (62.30%) were referred from general dermatology consultations. The mean disease duration was 17.52 (11.51) years. Regarding disease severity, 46.50% presented with Hurley II, and 42.19% had an IHS‐4 score between 4 and 10. Before their baseline visit, 9.70% of patients had received biological therapy, mostly adalimumab (88.89%). The mean TB was 2.42 (2.25) systemic medical and/or surgical interventions. Referral from general dermatology or other hospital departments, older age, longer disease duration, greater HS severity, presence of pilonidal sinus, and prior biological therapy were significantly associated with higher TB.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that TB comprehensively captures HS severity and progression factors. This metric could prove valuable in aiding decision‐making for HS patients by indicating when a change in therapy might be necessary.
A review of near‐net shape forming by hot isostatic pressure technology
Authors: Lv Zhoujin , Lu Min , Xiao Guoqiang , Ma Yuan , Weng Ding , Wang Bao , Shang Zeyang , Qi Wen , Chen Lei , Chang Jinlin , Wang Jiadao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNear‐net shaping hot isostatic pressing (NNS‐HIP) forming process has the advantage of high material utilization ratio and good uniformity of billet microstructure. It is widely used to produce critical parts for harsh service environments in special fields such as aerospace and energy and chemical industry. This paper introduces the process characteristics and production flow of hot isostatic near‐net forming, the representative materials of hot isostatic near‐net forming, the development and application at home and abroad, and the micro‐ and macromodels of numerical simulation powder densification by HIP near‐net forming. Finally, the challenges and development trends of this technology are prospected, and corresponding countermeasures are put forward.
Seagrass Biodiversity Under the Latest‐Generation Scenarios of Projected Climate Change
Authors: Gouvêa Lidiane , Fragkopoulou Eliza , B. Araújo Miguel , Serrão Ester A. , Assis Jorge 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimThe potentially cascading consequences of climate changes on redistribution of habitat‐forming species, like seagrasses, remain a major research gap. Empirical demonstrations of local population changes are increasingly reported without a globally integrated predictive framework as a leading testable hypothesis. Therefore, here, we aimed to estimate changes in species richness, community composition, and areas of climatic refugia under future climate scenarios.LocationGlobal scale.Time PeriodPresent‐day conditions (from 2010 to 2020) and for three Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios of future climate change (from 2090 to 2100).Major Taxa StudiesSeagrasses (plantae).MethodsWe coupled seagrass occurrences with environmental predictors (temperature, salinity, nitrate, wave energy, and ice) in stacked species distribution modelling.ResultsModels estimated a present global extent of 917,169 km2 with high species richness in Temperate Australasia, Indo‐Pacific, and Temperate North Pacific. Future projections predicted widespread spatial redistribution, with Arctic expansions, losses in lower latitudes, and deeper vertical ranges, while globally maintaining the area extent occupied worldwide by seagrass species (only 5% of change). Species richness increased poleward under more drastic scenarios (SSP3‐7.0 and SSP5‐8.5), with losses in tropical zones (30oN to 30oS). Local climatic refugia are retained in all scenarios but decrease under higher emissions. Additionally, even where seagrass species remain, widespread community composition changes were predicted.Main ConclusionsOur findings serve as baselines to inform, anticipate, and mitigate cascading consequences of shifts in seagrass ecosystems that provide essential services for humanity.
First description of leucism in the deep‐sea angular rough shark (Oxynotus centrina) and the first documented pigment disorder in family Oxynotidae Gill, 1912
Authors: Gajić Andrej A. , de Loose Emilie , Martin Andrea G. , Neuman Elias , Karalić Emina 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe capture of a rare, critically endangered adult angular rough shark, Oxynotus centrina (Linnaeus, 1758), with abnormal coloration is reported in this paper. The shark exhibited a partial reduction in pigmentation, resulting in an overall pale appearance with white‐greyish patches. Since the retinal pigmentation appeared normal, the shark was considered leucistic. This represents the first documented case of leucism in this species and the first colour disorder reported in the family Oxynotidae Gill, 1912. Despite the atypical appearance, the physical health of the shark seemed unaffected, supporting the notion that pigment disorders in deep‐sea sharks do not inherently impair survival and growth. Full morphometric characteristics are presented and compared with those of a normal individual of the same sex caught in the same area, showing no differences.
Integrating material flow analysis and supply chain resilience analysis to study silicon carbide
Authors: Böcher Catrin , Sprecher Benjamin , Fishman Tomer 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSilicon carbide (SiC) is a niche nonmetallic material that is essential in many industrial processes. Here, we integrate material flow analysis and supply chain resilience analysis to understand global SiC stocks and flows and to assess its supply chain. We use industry interviews to fill data gaps and collect information on the SiC system to overcome data scarcity. We find that globally around 1000 kt of SiC is produced each year. The biggest use of SiC is the abrasives industry (40%), followed by metallurgy (28%), refractories (20%), technical ceramics (0.7%), other uses (0.7%), and semiconductors (0.01%). As an energy‐intensive material, the SiC supply chain is under pressure, increasing the relevance of resilience considerations. Besides typical supply chain risks such as low diversity of supply and geopolitical trade restrictions, SiC particularly faces risks due to its energy‐intensive production process and associated emissions. In the SiC semiconductor supply chain, losses of nearly 75% are a particular issue. Due to high demand in the SiC market, stockpiles are negligible, and substitution is difficult in most sectors. We find that in the case of SiC, sustainability measures such as use reduction, recycling, or decreasing energy use or emissions would also positively contribute to supply chain resilience. This article met the requirements for a gold‐gold JIE data openness badge described at http://jie.click/badges.
In‐use dissipation of technology‐critical elements from vehicles and renewable energy technologies in Vienna, Austria: A public health matter?
Authors: Baumgart André , Haluza Daniela , Prohaska Thomas , Trimmel Simone , Pitha Ulrike , Irrgeher Johanna , Wiedenhofer Dominik 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe rollout of electric vehicles and photovoltaic panels is essential to mitigate climate change. However, they depend on technology‐critical elements (TCEs), which can be harmful to human health and whose use is rapidly expanding, while recycling is lacking. While mining has received substantial attention, in‐use dissipation in urban areas has so far not been assessed, for example, corrosion and abrasion of vehicle components and weather‐related effects affecting thin‐film photovoltaic panels. Therefore, the question arises to which extent TCEs dissipate during use and which potential non‐occupational human health impacts could occur. We assessed the available information on urban in‐use dissipation and human health concerns and conducted exploratory modeling of in‐use technology stocks, in‐ and outflows, and in‐use dissipation of neodymium, dysprosium, lanthanum, praseodymium, cerium, gallium, germanium, and tellurium contained in 21 vehicle and renewable energy technologies, for Vienna, Austria. In prospective scenarios, TCE dynamics in a trend‐continuation vis à vis official city policy plans and a more ambitious transition scenario were then assessed. We find that electrifying the vehicle fleet without demand‐reduction is the main driver of TCE consumption, effectively doubling cumulative end‐of‐life outflows to 3,073 [2,452–3,966] t and cumulative in‐use dissipation to 9.3 [5.2–15.7] t by the year 2060. Sufficiency‐based measures could reduce demand and in‐use dissipation well below levels with continued trends, thus highlighting the need to combine decarbonization with demand‐reducing measures. These results help assess potential future in‐use dissipation dynamics and inform discussions about potential public health hazards associated with exposure to TCEs accumulating in the urban environment.
Framework for Nursing Quality Assessment in Tracheotomy Dysphagia Following Craniocerebral Trauma Using the Structure‐Process‐Outcome Model
Authors: An Delian , Li Yanfeng , Zhang Yingjie , Jiang Youli , Fan Ping , Ruan Hengfang , Hou Xingyue , Chen Miaoxia , Li Huijuan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimThis study aimed to establish a comprehensive set of nursing‐sensitive quality indicators (NSQIs) for patients with dysphagia following tracheotomy due to acquired brain injury (ABI), based on the ‘structure‐process‐outcome’ model.DesignA Delphi survey.MethodsThe research utilised a mixed‐methods approach, including systematic literature reviews, qualitative interviews and two rounds of Delphi expert consultations. A diverse team comprising specialists in dysphagia rehabilitation and nursing management conducted the research, which involved defining and refining NSQIs through extensive evaluations and consensus among recruited experts.ResultsThe finalised NSQI includes 4 structural indicators, 13 process indicators and 4 outcome indicators, covering key aspects such as resource allocation, patient assessment and clinical outcomes. The expert consensus provides verification. Kendall's harmony coefficients are 0.304 and 0.138 (p < 0.001), respectively, and the mean importance assignments of indicators at all levels are 3.90–5.00. The final care of patients with tracheotomy and dysphagia after brain injury was constructed. The evaluation indicators include a total of 4 first‐level indicators, 23 second‐level indicators and 52 third‐level indicators.ConclusionThe established NSQIs offer a systematic framework to enhance the quality of nursing care for ABI patients with posttracheotomy dysphagia. This model facilitates precise monitoring and proactive management of nursing practices, promising better patient outcomes and streamlined care processes.Implication for the Profession and Patient CareThis study develops targeted NSQIs to improve dysphagia management in ABI patients’ posttracheotomy, fostering better patient outcomes and advancing nursing education through essential specialised training.Patient or Public ContributionExpert‐driven insights from experienced clinicians informed the NSQIs, ensuring their relevance and effectiveness in enhancing patient‐centred care.
Objective and Subjective Sleep Characteristics of Japanese University Students: Analysis Using Questionnaires and Wearable Trackers
Authors: Uchida Tomohiro , Kurosawa Tai 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe transition from high school to university is characterized by changes in students' social and learning environments, potentially impacting sleep and learning behaviors. To examine the sleep characteristics of university students, this study aimed to (a) measure sleep in a living environment using a wearable tracker; (b) use a self‐administered questionnaire to examine the relationship between objective and subjective sleep; and (c) examine how psychological aspects are related to objective and subjective sleep. Fifty undergraduate and graduate students participated, with 310 sleep records obtained. The objective means total sleep time showed a moderately positive correlation with sleep quantity in the 3‐Dimensional Sleep Scale. Furthermore, we found that mental health, trait anxiety, and quality of life do not correlate with objective total sleep time but are significantly moderately correlated with subjective sleep quantity. The combination of wearable trackers and subjective reports may provide a more precise understanding of university students' actual sleep patterns and how different aspects of sleep behavior are associated with health outcomes.
When words fail us: An integrative review of innovative elicitation techniques for qualitative interviews
Authors: Kahlke Renate , Maggio Lauren A. , Lee Mark C. , Cristancho Sayra , LaDonna Kori , Abdallah Zahra , Khehra Aakashdeep , Kshatri Kushal , Horsley Tanya , Varpio Lara 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionInterviews are central to many qualitative studies in health professions education (HPE). However, researchers often struggle to elicit rich data and engage diverse participants who may find this strategy exclusionary. Elicitation techniques are strategies tailored to address these challenges, enhancing oral conversations through other forms of interaction—for example, participant photography and neighbourhood walks. These strategies are tailored to elicit the rich data needed to address complex problems and meaningfully engage participants. Unfortunately, guidance on these techniques is scattered across literatures from diverse fields. In this synthesis, we offer an overview of the elicitation techniques available and advice about how to choose between them.MethodsWe conducted an integrative review, drawing on methodological literature from across the health and social sciences. Our interdisciplinary searches yielded 3056 citations. We included 293 citations that were methodologically focused and discussed elicitation techniques used in interviews with adults. We then extracted specific elicitation techniques, summarising each technique to capture key features, as well as strengths and weaknesses. From this, we developed a framework to help researchers identify challenges in their interview‐based research and to select elicitation techniques that address their challenges.ResultsTo enrich data, researchers might seek to shift conversations away from participants' entrenched narratives, to externalise conversations on sensitive topics, or to elicit affect, tacit knowledge or contextual details. When empowering participants, researchers might seek to increase equity between the researcher and participant or foster interview accessibility across diverse participant populations.DiscussionWhen chosen with study goals in mind, elicitation techniques can enrich interview data. To harness this potential, we need to re‐conceptualise interviews as co‐production of knowledge by researcher(s) and participant(s). To make interviews more equitable and accessible, we need to consider flexibility so that each participant can engage in ways that best suit their needs and preferences.
Protein P5 of pear chlorotic leaf spot‐associated virus is a pathogenic factor that suppresses RNA silencing and enhances virus movement
Authors: Ren Qiuting , Zhang Zhe , Zhang Yongle , Zhang Yue , Gao Yujie , Zhang Hongyi , Wang Xianhong , Wang Guoping , Hong Ni 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPear chlorotic leaf spot‐associated virus (PCLSaV) is a newly described emaravirus that infects pear trees. The virus genome consists of at least five single‐stranded, negative‐sense RNAs. The P5 encoded by RNA5 is unique to PCLSaV. In this study, the RNA silencing suppression (RSS) activity of P5 and its subcellular localization were determined in Nicotiana benthamiana plants by Agrobacterium tumefaciens‐mediated expression assays and green fluorescent protein RNA silencing induction. Protein P5 partially suppressed local RNA silencing, strongly suppressed systemic RNA silencing and triggered reactive oxygen species accumulation. The P5 self‐interacted and showed subcellular locations in plasmodesmata, endoplasmic reticulum and nucleus. Furthermore, P5 rescued the cell‐to‐cell movement of a movement defective mutant PVXΔP25 of potato virus X (PVX) and enhanced the pathogenicity of PVX. The N‐terminal 1–89 amino acids of the P5 were responsible for the self‐interaction ability and RSS activity, for which the signal peptide at positions 1–19 was indispensable. This study demonstrated the function of an emaravirus protein as a pathogenic factor suppressing plant RNA silencing to enhance virus infection and as an enhancer of virus movement.
Trait‐based ecology, trait‐free ecology, and in between
Authors: Westoby Mark 
Published: October 2024

SummaryTrait‐based ecology has become a popular phrase. But all species have traits, and their contributions to ecological processes are governed by those traits. So then, is not all ecology trait‐based? Actually, there do exist areas of ecology that are consciously trait‐free, such as neutral theory and species abundance distributions. But much of ecology could be considered actually or potentially trait‐based. A spectrum is described, from trait‐free through trait‐implicit and trait‐explicit to trait‐centric. Trait‐centric ecology includes positioning ecological strategies along trait dimensions, with a view to inferring commonalities and to generalizing from species studied in more detail. Trait‐explicit includes physiological and functional ecology, and areas of community ecology and ecosystem function that invoke traits. Trait‐implicit topics are those where it is important that species are different, but formulations did not initially characterize the differences via traits. Subsequently, strands within these trait‐implicit topics have often moved towards making use of species traits, so the boundary with trait‐explicit is permeable. Trait‐based ecology is productive because of the dialogue between understanding processes in detail, via traits that relate most closely, and generalizing across many species, via traits that can be compared widely. An enduring key question for trait‐based ecology is which traits for which processes.
The Impact of Federal Fiscal Rules on Debt: Insights from the European Union Countries
Authors: Park Sungho , Kim Sewon 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study analyzes the impact of federal fiscal rules on government debt in European Union countries. We describe the growth and institutional reforms of fiscal rules in European Union countries and conduct an empirical analysis to examine their impact on central government debt to draw comparative implications for federal fiscal rules in the United States. Our empirical results suggest that more stringent expenditure rules can reduce central or federal government debt relative to GDP, while other types of fiscal rules are found to be insignificant. We also find that certain design and structural features of fiscal rules are more important than others. Our findings offer timely and pertinent policy implications for the mounting federal budget and debt challenges of the United States.
Natural variation in the chickpea metabolome under drought stress
Authors: Chaturvedi Palak , Pierides Iro , López‐Hidalgo Cristina , Garg Vanika , Zhang Shuang , Barmukh Rutwik , Bellaire Anke , Li Jiahang , Bachmann Gert , Valledor Luis , Varshney Rajeev K. , Ghatak Arindam , Weckwerth Wolfram 
Published: October 2024

SummaryChickpea is the world's fourth largest grown legume crop, which significantly contributes to food security by providing calories and dietary protein globally. However, the increased frequency of drought stress has significantly reduced chickpea production in recent years. Here, we have performed a field experiment with 36 diverse chickpea genotypes to evaluate grain yield, photosynthetic activities and molecular traits related to drought stress. For metabolomics analysis, leaf tissue was collected at three time points representing different pod‐filling stages. We identified L‐threonic acid, fructose and sugar alcohols involved in chickpea adaptive drought response within the mid‐pod‐filling stage. A stress susceptibility index for each genotype was calculated to identify tolerance capacity under drought, distributing the 36 genotypes into four categories from best to worst performance. To understand how biochemical mechanisms control different traits for genetic improvement, we performed a differential Jacobian analysis, which unveiled the interplay between various metabolic pathways across three time points, including higher flux towards inositol interconversions, glycolysis for high‐performing genotypes, fumarate to malate conversion, and carbon and nitrogen metabolism perturbations. Metabolic GWAS (mGWAS) analysis uncovered gene candidates involved in glycolysis and MEP pathway corroborating with the differential biochemical Jacobian results. Accordingly, this proposed data analysis strategy bridges the gap from pure statistical association to causal biochemical relations by exploiting natural variation. Our study offers new perspectives on the genetic and metabolic understanding of drought tolerance‐associated diversity in the chickpea metabolome and led to the identification of metabolic control points that can be also tested in other legume crops.