bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity of human salivary heparan sulfate
Authors: Spliid Charlotte B , Mehta Sanjay , Fuster Mark M , Martino Cameron , Morris Claire L , Lee Nharae , Florentino Ivan , Tong Khang , Liu Lin , Ackermann Gail , Knight Rob , Esko Jeffrey D , Hurtado de Mendoza Tatiana 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The human oral cavity and upper airway serves as an early barrier and reservoir in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Saliva in this microenvironment may serve as a key host factor that can modulate susceptibility to infection and eventual infection of the lower respiratory tract. We sought to analyze the content and composition of heparan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan identified as an important co-receptor for viral entry, and whether there is any correlation with SARS-CoV-2 infection. We enlisted 98 participants stratified by age, gender, race, and COVID-19 history. Notably, the concentration of heparan sulfate in saliva increased with age, and its composition showed a wide range of variability within each age group independently of age. Heparan sulfate concentration and composition did not differ significantly with gender, ethnicity or race. Compared to patients with no COVID-19 history, patients with previous infection had a similar salivary heparan sulfate concentration, but significant increases in overall sulfation were noted. Moreover, in a subset of participants, for which data was available pre- and post- infection, significant elevation in N-sulfoglucosamine in heparan sulfate was observed post- COVID-19. Examination of salivary bacterial 16S rRNA, showed a significant reduction in species predicted to possess heparan sulfate-modifying capacity among participants &gt;60 years old, which correlates with the increase in heparan sulfate content in older individuals. These findings demonstrate a surprisingly wide variation in heparan sulfate content and composition in saliva across the sampled population and confirm other findings showing variation in content and composition of glycosaminoglycans in blood and urine.
Paternal age, de novo mutations, and offspring health? New directions for an ageing problem
Authors: Aitken Robert John 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This Directions article examines the mechanisms by which a father’s age impacts the health and wellbeing of his children. Such impacts are significant and include adverse birth outcomes, dominant genetic conditions, neuropsychiatric disorders, and a variety of congenital developmental defects. As well as age, a wide variety of environmental and lifestyle factors are also known to impact offspring health via changes mediated by the male germ line. This picture of a dynamic germ line responsive to a wide range of intrinsic and extrinsic factors contrasts with the results of trio studies indicating that the incidence of mutations in the male germ line is low and exhibits a linear, monotonic increase with paternal age (∼two new mutations per year). While the traditional explanation for this pattern of mutation has been the metronomic plod of replication errors, an alternative model pivots around the ‘faulty male’ hypothesis. According to this concept, the genetic integrity of the male germ line can be dynamically impacted by age and a variety of other factors, and it is the aberrant repair of such damage that drives mutagenesis. Fortunately, DNA proofreading during spermatogenesis is extremely effective and these mutant cells are either repaired or deleted by apoptosis/ferroptosis. There appear to be only two mechanisms by which mutant germ cells can escape this apoptotic fate: (i) if the germ cells acquire a mutation that by enhancing proliferation or suppressing apoptosis, permits their clonal expansion (selfish selection hypothesis) or (ii) if a genetically damaged spermatozoon manages to fertilize an oocyte, which then fixes the damage as a mutation (or epimutation) as a result of defective DNA repair (oocyte collusion hypothesis). Exploration of these proposed mechanisms should not only help us better understand the aetiology of paternal age effects but also inform potential avenues of remediation.
Vasa vasorum of the no-touch saphenous vein graft observed using frequency-domain optical coherence tomography
Authors: Sugaya Akira , Uesugi Satoshi , Doi Masayuki , Horikoshi Ryohei , Oka Norihiko , Imada Shuta , Komiya Kenji , Nakamura Masanori , Kawahito Koji 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
One possible reason for the long-term patency of no-touch (NT) saphenous vein grafts (SVG) is the preservation of the vasa vasorum in the adventitia/perivascular adipose tissue (PAT). We investigated the vasa vasorum of the NT SVG in vivo using frequency-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT), performed qualitative and quantitative analyses and compared them with the conventional SVG.

METHODS
An FD-OCT study was performed on 14 SVG at the postoperative coronary angiography 1–2 weeks postoperatively (NT group, n = 9; conventional group, n = 5).

RESULTS
Many signal-poor tubular lumen structures that can be recognized in the cross-sectional and longitudinal profiles, which indicates the vasa vasorum, were observed in the adventitial/PAT layer in the NT SVG. In contrast, the vasa vasorum were less abundant in the conventional SVG. The volume of vasa vasorum per millimetre of graft in the no-touch group was significantly higher than in the conventional group [0.0020 (0.0017, 0.0043) mm3 and 0.0003 (0.0000, 0.0006) mm3, P = 0.023].

CONCLUSIONS
FD-OCT showed abundant vasa vasorum in the thick adventitia/PAT layer of NT saphenous veins in vivo. In contrast, few vasa vasorum were observed in the conventional SVG.
Admission and outcomes of COVID-19 among chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases patients in Africa: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mebrahtom Guesh , Hailay Abrha , Aberhe Woldu , Zereabruk Kidane , Haile Teklehaimanot Gereziher , Tadesse Degena Bahrey 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
When the coronavirus case was originally reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, it quickly spread throughout the world and became a global public health problem. Evidence of the admission and outcomes of coronavirus disease among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has not been reported in Africa. Consequently, this research protocol uses a systematic review and meta-analysis of the admission and outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with COPD in Africa. All observational studies published in the English language and reporting on the prevalence, admission and outcomes of COVID-19 among patients with COPD in Africa will be included. A search strategy will be implemented using electronic databases and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocol recommendations. The findings of this review will be reported to health program designers, decision-makers and healthcare providers.
Identification of morphologically similar genera based on reproductive systems and immature stages: a case study of Anastatus and Mesocomys (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae)
Authors: Chen Yong-Ming , Qu Xing-Ran , Shang Cheng-Jie , Peng Ling-Fei , Zang Lian-Sheng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Parallel or convergent evolution may result in phenotypically closely similar species. Many studies have reported that using solely traditional external morphological features can result in misidentification. Here, we discuss using the reproductive systems and immature developmental stages for scientific classification in Eupelmidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), exemplifying with Anastatus Motschulsky and Mesocomys Cameron (Eupelmidae, Eupelminae). Results show that there are at least 6 distinct differences in the immature stages and the reproductive systems of the adults between species of the 2 genera: (1) the terminal ends of the left and right ovarioles are connected together in the studied species of Anastatus but not in Mesocomys, (2) the base of the lateral oviduct of Anastatus has a diverticulum that is lobate-shaped, whereas this diverticulum is spherical in Mesocomys, (3) the peduncle of the egg of Anastatus is significantly longer than that of Mesocomys, (4) the head capsule of the terminal instar larvae of Anastatus is uniformly translucent, whereas in Mesocomys it has a brown pattern, (5) the ocelli of the Anastatus pupa are smooth and slightly raised whereas the ocelli of Mesocomys each have a long filament each, and (6) the phallobase of adult male Anastatus is sharp basally but rounded in Mesocomys. Our findings not only provide novel insights for the differentiation of similar genera that can be difficult to distinguish in the immature stages but also provide a more comprehensive theoretical basis for clarifying the evolutionary and phylogenic status of Anastatus and Mesocomys.
Revisiting the Environmental Impact of Inappropriate Clinical Laboratory Testing: A Comprehensive Overview of Sustainability, Economic, and Quality of Care Outcomes
Authors: Devis Luigi , Closset Mélanie , Degosserie Jonathan , Lessire Sarah , Modrie Pauline , Gruson Damien , Favaloro Emmanuel J , Lippi Giuseppe , Mullier François , Catry Emilie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The use of laboratory resources has seen a substantial increase in recent years, driven by automation and emerging technologies. However, inappropriate use of laboratory testing, encompassing both overuse and underuse, poses significant challenges.

Content
This review explores the complex interplay between patient safety, economic, and environmental factors―known as the “triple bottom line” or “3Ps” for people, profit, and planet―associated with inappropriate use of laboratory resources. The first part of the review outlines the impact of inappropriate laboratory testing on patient safety and economic outcomes. Then the review examines the available literature on the environmental impact of laboratory activities. Several practical solutions for mitigating the environmental impact of laboratories are discussed. Finally, this review emphasizes how decreasing unnecessary laboratory testing results in cost savings and environmental benefits, as evidenced by interventional studies, without compromising patient safety.

Summary
The implementation of sustainable practices in laboratories can create a virtuous circle in which reduced testing enhances cost-efficiency, reduces the environmental footprint, and ensures patient safety, thereby benefiting the 3Ps. This review highlights the critical need for appropriate laboratory resource utilization in achieving sustainability in healthcare.
Failed labral reconstruction of the hip can be successfully revised to another labral reconstruction: improved patient-reported outcomes at a minimum of 2-year follow-up
Authors: White Brian J , Swann R. Presley , Spears Hannah , Shafer Anna , Constantinides Shannon M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to validate the success of revision arthroscopic circumferential allograft labral reconstruction (CLR) in nonarthritic hips, which, in the rare case of failure, had previously undergone labral reconstruction by the same surgeon. Using a minimum of 24-month follow-up, data from 24 hips having undergone revision CLR were analyzed to determine improvements in patient-reported outcomes (PROs). All included cases completed a minimum of 24 months follow-up, with a success rate of 96%. All PROs improved significantly, with exceptionally strong measures of effect. Modified Harris Hip Scores improved by a mean of 26.68 points, with 88% of patients meeting the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) (+6.49, P ≤ .001, d = 1.32). Lower Extremity Functional Scale scores improved by a mean of 21.88 points, with 78% of patients meeting the MCID (+7.79, P ≤ .001, d = 1.32). Pain as rated by the Visual Analog Scale, including at rest, during activities of daily living, and with sports, was significantly improved with strong measures of effect, with &gt;75% of patients having met the MCID. This study validated that a failed labral reconstruction of the hip can be revised safely and effectively to another labral reconstruction of the hip. While labral reconstruction has broadly been shown to result in highly favorable outcomes, this study demonstrated that in the rare case of failure, revision CLR is not only feasible but results in improved pain and functionality.
Molecular systematics of chinchilla rats and taxonomic assessment of the Abrocoma cinerea species complex
Authors: González-Pinilla Francisco J , Latorre Claudio , Palma R Eduardo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Chinchilla rats (family Abrocomidae) are hystricomorph rodents primarily inhabiting the central Andes in South America with 8 species in the genus Abrocoma and 2 in Cuscomys. The systematics of this family—relying only on morphological differences—has faced several controversies, particularly in arid-adapted species of Abrocoma (the A. cinerea species complex, or ACC). By using partial DNA sequences of 1 mitochondrial (Cytochrome b) and 2 nuclear genes (GHR and RAG1), we: (i) inferred phylogenetic relationships between 5 species of Abrocoma and 1 of Cuscomys; (ii) performed molecular species-delimitation analyses in 4 species of the ACC (A. cinerea, A. famatina, A. schistacea, and A. uspallata); and (iii) estimated divergence times using stratigraphic ages of extinct taxa. Our phylogenetic analyses recovered 3 main clades: A. bennettii (basal); C. ashaninka; and the ACC. Striking differences in habitat use, morphology, and genetics suggest that each of these main clades might represent a distinct genus. In species-delimitation analyses in the ACC, only 2 species were recognized, and we thus suggest the synonymy of A. famatina with A. cinerea and of A. uspallata with A. schistacea. The origin of extant abrocomids was estimated at the late Miocene (~5.6 million years ago, Ma) with the subsequent origin of arboreal species during the early Pliocene (~4.3 Ma) and the ACC during the late Pliocene (~3.3 Ma). We hypothesize that topographic uplift of the central Andes and associated climatic and ecological changes were the main drivers of diversification in this family.
Implications of the initial Braidwood v. Becerra ruling for colorectal cancer outcomes: a modeling study
Authors: Van Den Puttelaar Rosita , Shi Kewei Sylvia , Smith Robert , Zhao Jingxuan , Ogongo Margaret Katana , Harlass Matthias , Hahn Anne I , Zauber Ann G , Yabroff K Robin , Lansdorp-Vogelaar Iris 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Affordable Care Act (ACA) eliminated patient cost-sharing for United States Preventive Service Task Force (USPSTF) recommended services. However, if the US Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit fully upheld a US District Court ruling in Braidwood Management v. Becerra, 666 F. Supp. 3d 613 (N.D. Tex 2023), cost-sharing for USPSTF recommendations made after ACA passage would have been reinstated for more than 150 million people. The case would have reinstated cost-sharing for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening for ages 45-49 years and for polyp removal during (diagnostic) colonoscopy across all ages. Using the MISCAN-Colon model, we simulated the potential impact on CRC outcomes, assuming early-onset CRC trends and lower screening participation. An 8-percentage-point decline in screening participation could increase CRC incidence by 5.1% and CRC mortality by 9.1%, with slightly lower costs due to increased cost-sharing. Larger decreases in screening participation can result in higher costs from increased incidence and delayed diagnoses.
The intersection of travel burdens and financial hardship in cancer care: a scoping review
Authors: Planey Arrianna Marie , Spees Lisa P , Biddell Caitlin B , Waters Austin , Jones Emily P , Hecht Hillary K , Rosenstein Donald , Wheeler Stephanie B 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
In addition to greater delays in cancer screening and greater financial hardship, rural-dwelling cancer patients experience greater costs associated with accessing cancer care, including higher cumulative travel costs. This study aimed to identify and synthesize peer-reviewed research on the cumulative and overlapping costs associated with care access and utilization.

Methods
A scoping review was conducted to identify relevant studies published after 1995 by searching 5 electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycInfo, and Healthcare Administration. Eligibility was determined using the PEO (Population, Exposure, and Outcomes) method, with clearly defined populations (cancer patients), exposures (financial hardship, toxicity, or distress; travel-related burdens), and outcomes (treatment access, treatment outcomes, health-related quality of life, and survival/mortality). Study characteristics, methods, and findings were extracted and summarized.

Results
Database searches yielded 6439 results, of which 3366 were unique citations. Of those, 141 were eligible for full-text review, and 98 studies at the intersection of cancer-related travel burdens and financial hardship were included. Five themes emerged as we extracted from the full texts of the included articles: 1) Cancer treatment choices, 2) Receipt of guideline-concordant care, 3) Cancer treatment outcomes, 4) Health-related quality of life, and 5) Propensity to participate in clinical trials.

Conclusions
This scoping review identifies and summarizes available research at the intersection of cancer care-related travel burdens and financial hardship. This review will inform the development of future interventions aimed at reducing the negative effects of cancer-care related costs on patient outcomes and quality of life.
Osteogenic effect of alogliptin in chemical-induced bone loss: a tri-modal in silico, in vitro, and in vivo analysis
Authors: Ahmed Faraha , Ahmad Syed Sufian , Alam Mohammad Mumtaz , Shaquiquzzaman Mohammad , Altamish Mohammad , Krishnan Anuja , Vohora Divya , Najmi Abul Kalam , Khan Mohammad Ahmed 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the effects of Alogliptin in chemical-induced post-menopausal osteoporosis.

Methodology
The binding affinity of alogliptin with osteogenic proteins was analysed in silico. The effect of alogliptin on osteogenic proteins and mineralization of osteoblastic cells was evaluated in UMR-106 cells. Further, in vivo anti-osteoporotic activity of alogliptin was evaluated in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Various bone turnover markers were assayed in serum. This followed the analysis of microarchitecture of bone, histology, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of bone tissue.

Results
Docking scores showed that alogliptin has binding affinity for bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), osteocalcin, and bone morphogenic protein (BMP-2). Alogliptin also enhanced mineralization of osteoblast cells, evidenced with increased ALP, osteocalcin, and BMP-2. Animal studies revealed significant elevation of bone formation markers, bone ALP, osteocalcin and BMP-2, and decreased bone resorption markers, receptor activator of NF-κβ (RANKL), cathepsin K (CTSK), tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAcP5b) in VCD-induced post-menopausal osteoporosis. Micro computed tomography (μCT) analysis and histology of femur bone and lumbar vertebrae demonstrated decrease in trabecular separation and improved bone density. IHC of femur showed reduced DPP4 enzyme.

Conclusions
Alogliptin increased mineralization in osteoblast cells. It had beneficial effects also altered bone turnover markers, repaired the trabecular microstructure, improved bone mineral density, and exhibited bone forming capacity targeting DPP-4 enzyme in postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Music as preternatural in Geoffrey Hill’s poetry
Authors: Docherty Tom 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In Geoffrey Hill’s poetry, music, frequently tied to thoughts of the divine, is understood as preternatural: a gift from beyond (præter) the ordinary sphere of human comprehension. For Hill, there is in music a connection with God that makes it fit to restore the link, broken in Adam’s Fall, between natural and supernatural. This essay examines the origins of the idea of music’s preternaturalness, and asks both how Hill addresses the paradox of being tuned in to what is ‘[o]ver my head’; and whether his poetry, which discusses the potential restoration of nature wrought by music, also seeks to enact it.
Bilateral atypical femur fracture in a patient with breast cancer taking zoledronic acid and denosumab: A case report
Authors: Hashimoto Kazuhiko , Ito Tomohiko , Yamagishi Yuto , Goto Koji 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
A 54-year-old woman developed stage IV breast cancer 8 years prior. Chemotherapy was administered, and she was started on zoledronic acid treatment for her bone metastases. Her chemotherapy regimen was then switched, owing to disease progression. Fifty-seven months after starting treatment with zoledronic acid, the patient suffered an atypical femoral fracture of her right femur, for which she underwent surgery. Twenty months later, she developed another atypical femoral fracture in her left femur and underwent intramedullary nail fixation.
Zoledronic acid and denosumab use in patients with metastatic bone tumours caused by breast cancer should be done cautiously, considering atypical femoral fracture risk.
Structural mechanisms of SLF1 interactions with Histone H4 and RAD18 at the stalled replication fork
Authors: Ryder Emma L , Nasir Nazia , Durgan Amy E O , Jenkyn-Bedford Michael , Tye Stephanie , Zhang Xiaodong , Wu Qian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
DNA damage that obstructs the replication machinery poses a significant threat to genome stability. Replication-coupled repair mechanisms safeguard stalled replication forks by coordinating proteins involved in the DNA damage response (DDR) and replication. SLF1 (SMC5–SMC6 complex localization factor 1) is crucial for facilitating the recruitment of the SMC5/6 complex to damage sites through interactions with SLF2, RAD18, and nucleosomes. However, the structural mechanisms of SLF1’s interactions are unclear. In this study, we determined the crystal structure of SLF1’s ankyrin repeat domain bound to an unmethylated histone H4 tail, illustrating how SLF1 reads nascent nucleosomes. Using structure-based mutagenesis, we confirmed a phosphorylation-dependent interaction necessary for a stable complex between SLF1’s tandem BRCA1 C-Terminal domain (tBRCT) and the phosphorylated C-terminal region (S442 and S444) of RAD18. We validated a functional role of conserved phosphate-binding residues in SLF1, and hydrophobic residues in RAD18 that are adjacent to phosphorylation sites, both of which contribute to the strong interaction. Interestingly, we discovered a DNA-binding property of this RAD18-binding interface, providing an additional domain of SLF1 to enhance binding to nucleosomes. Our results provide critical structural insights into SLF1’s interactions with post-replicative chromatin and phosphorylation-dependent DDR signalling, enhancing our understanding of SMC5/6 recruitment and/or activity during replication-coupled DNA repair.