bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mandibular Inferior Cortex Erosion on Dental Panoramic Radiograph as a Sign of Low Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Carmo Juliana Zigart Brum , Medeiros Sebastião Freitas de 
Published: November 2017

Objective To examine the role of the panoramic mandibular radiograph in the diagnosis of low bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women.
Methods A cross-sectional study including volunteer women aged over 40 years in amenorrhea due to ovarian failure for at least 12 months, who were cared for at the climacteric outpatient clinic of a university hospital in the city of Cuiabá, in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The panoramic radiographs were evaluated using a specific software. Two aspects were analyzed in the mandibular panoramic radiograph: a qualitative aspect regarding the shape of the mandibular cortical bone, and a quantitative aspect regarding the width of the mandibular cortical bone. The morphology of the mandibular cortical bone in the digital panoramic radiograph was determined bilaterally by the observation of the bone structure between the mental foramen and the base of the jaw. The mandibular cortical bone was categorized into three groups. The mental index (MI) was used to evaluate the thickness of the mandibular cortical bone through a perpendicular line drawn from the base of the mandible at the height of the center of the mental foramen, with another line drawn tangent to the inferior border of the mandible, and a third line parallel to the line at the superior border of the mandible. The MI data are expressed in millimeters, with a normal value of 3.0 mm. The densities of the lumbar spine and femur, expressed in g/cm2, were categorized as normal, osteopenia or osteoporosis.
Results The agreement index between the MI and the BMD of the lumbar spine was good (Kappa = 0.718), but the same index between the MI and the BMD of the femoral neck was poor (Kappa = 0.443). An excellent agreement occurred when the mandibular cortical index (MCI) was compared with the BMD of the lumbar spine (Kappa = 0.912). The agreement between MCI and the BMD in the femur was moderated (Kappa = 0.579).
Conclusion The radiomorphometric indices evaluated in the mandibular panoramic radiograph are capable of identifying postmenopausal women with low mineral density in the mandible, and the results can be used to refer these women to appropriate medical investigation and/or treatment.
Rethinking Pyogenic Flexor Tenosynovitis: Biofilm Formation Treated in a Cadaveric Model
Authors: Ketonis Constantinos , Hickock Noreen , Ilyas Asif 
Published: November 2017

Introduction Pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis (PFT) of the hand remains a challenging problem that often requires surgical irrigation and parenteral or oral antibiotics. The authors hypothesize that the pathophysiology and microenvironment of PFT can be likened to that of periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs), in which bacteria thrive in a closed synovial space with limited blood supply. As such, they postulate that PFT is also facilitated by bacterial attachment and biofilm formation rendering standard treatments less effective. In this study, they evaluate infected tendons for the presence of biofilm and explore new treatment strategies.
Methods Fresh human cadaveric hand tendons were harvested and divided into 0.5-cm segments. Samples were sterilized and inoculated with 1 × 104 CFU/mL green fluorescent Staphylococcus aureus (GFP-SA) for 48 hours at 37°C. After saline washing to remove plank tonic bacteria, samples were treated for 24 hours with (1) saline irrigation, (2) antibiotics (vancomycin), (3) corticosteroids, or (4) antibiotics/corticosteroid combined. Samples were visualized using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Results Following bacterial challenge, CLSM revealed heterogeneous green fluorescence representing bacterial attachment with dense biofilm formation. SEM at > 3,000X, also demonstrated bacterial colonization in grape-like clusters consisted with a thick matrix characteristic of biofilm. Bacterial load by direct colony counting decreased by 18.5% with saline irrigation alone, 42.6% with steroids, 54.4% with antibiotics, and 77.3% with antibiotics/steroids combined (p < 0.05).
Conclusion Staphylococcus aureus readily formed thick biofilm on human cadaveric tendons. The addition of both local antibiotics and corticosteroids resulted in greater decreases in biofilm formation on flexor tendons than the traditional treatment of saline irrigation alone. We suggest rethinking the current treatment of PFT and recommend considering a strategy more analogous to PJI management with the adjunctive use of local antibiotics, corticosteroids, and mechanical agitation.
Veränderungen von Kohärenzgefühl, Symptombelastung und Lebens- sowie Studienzufriedenheit im Verlauf psychosozialer Beratungen
Authors: Koutsoukou-Argyraki Asimina , Bertolino Alina , Kreß Volker , Hofmann Frank-Hagen , Sperth Michael , Holm-Hadulla Rainer 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungDas Kohärenzgefühl spielt im Salutogenesekonzept von Aaron Antonovsky eine wichtige Rolle bei der Aufrechterhaltung bzw. der Wiederherstellung von Gesundheit. Empirische Untersuchungen belegen signifikante Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Kohärenzgefühl und verschiedenen Indikatoren psychischer Gesundheit. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde die Wirksamkeit eines integrativen Beratungskonzepts zur Förderung des Kohärenzgefühls, Reduzierung der psychischen Beeinträchtigung sowie Verbesserung der Lebens- und Studienzufriedenheit bei 153 studentischen Klienten untersucht. Korrelationen zwischen Kohärenzgefühl, psychischer Beeinträchtigung und Lebens-und Studienzufriedenheit weisen darauf hin, dass das Kohärenzgefühl eng mit der psychischen Gesundheit sowie mit der Lebens- und Studienzufriedenheit zusammenhängt. Durch psychosoziale Beratung konnten signifikante Prä-Post-Veränderungen mit mittleren bis hohen Effektstärken erreicht werden. Diese Befunde ermöglichen Folgerungen zur Modifizierbarkeit des Kohärenzgefühls und der damit einhergehenden Auswirkung auf die psychische Gesundheit und liefern Hinweise für die Wirksamkeit des integrativen ABCDE-Modells. Zusammenhänge zwischen Einschätzungen der einzelnen Dimensionen des Modells und den Prä-Post-Veränderungen werden diskutiert.Das Kohärenzgefühl spielt im Salutogenesekonzept von Aaron Antonovsky eine wichtige Rolle bei der Aufrechterhaltung bzw. der Wiederherstellung von Gesundheit. Empirische Untersuchungen belegen signifikante Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Kohärenzgefühl und verschiedenen Indikatoren psychischer Gesundheit. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde die Wirksamkeit eines integrativen Beratungskonzepts zur Förderung des Kohärenzgefühls, Reduzierung der psychischen Beeinträchtigung sowie Verbesserung der Lebens- und Studienzufriedenheit bei 153 studentischen Klienten untersucht. Korrelationen zwischen Kohärenzgefühl, psychischer Beeinträchtigung und Lebens-und Studienzufriedenheit weisen darauf hin, dass das Kohärenzgefühl eng mit der psychischen Gesundheit sowie mit der Lebens- und Studienzufriedenheit zusammenhängt. Durch psychosoziale Beratung konnten signifikante Prä-Post-Veränderungen mit mittleren bis hohen Effektstärken erreicht werden. Diese Befunde ermöglichen Folgerungen zur Modifizierbarkeit des Kohärenzgefühls und der damit einhergehenden Auswirkung auf die psychische Gesundheit und liefern Hinweise für die Wirksamkeit des integrativen ABCDE-Modells. Zusammenhänge zwischen Einschätzungen der einzelnen Dimensionen des Modells und den Prä-Post-Veränderungen werden diskutiert.
Internetabhängigkeit, Suizidalität und selbstverletzendes Verhalten – Ein systematisches Review
Authors: Steinbüchel Toni , Herpertz Stephan , Külpmann Ina , Kehyayan Aram , Dieris-Hirche Jan , te Wildt Bert 
Published: November 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Internetabhängigkeit (IA) geht mit einem hohen Maß an komorbiden psychischen Störungen, insbesondere Depressionen, Angststörungen, ADHS und Persönlichkeitsstörungen und einem erheblichen Leidensdruck einher. Im Hinblick auf das hieraus resultierende Gefahrenpotenzial untersucht die vorliegende Arbeit die aktuelle Forschungsliteratur bezüglich Suizidalität und nicht suizidalem selbstverletzendem Verhalten (NSSV) bei IA.
Methoden In einer systematischen Literaturrecherche wurden klinische und nicht-klinische Studien in 14 Datenbanken auf der Titel- Abstract-Ebene nach den häufigsten Schlagworten für IA, NSSV und Suizidalität durchsucht. Die nach Abzug der mehrfach vorhandenen Publikationen verbliebenen 2334 Artikel wurden nach definierten Ein- und Ausschlusskriterien gefiltert. Insgesamt konnten 15 Studien, die IA, NSSV und Suizidalität mittels validierter psychometrischer Instrumente erheben, in das Review eingeschlossen werden.
Ergebnisse Der Zusammenhang zwischen IA und Suizidalität wurde in 10 Studien untersucht, 4 Studien untersuchten den Zusammenhang von IA, Suizidalität und NSSV, eine Studie ausschließlich den Zusammenhang von IA und NSSV. Sämtliche Studien zeigten höhere Prävalenzen für NSSV beziehungsweise Suizidalität der Probanden mit einer IA im Vergleich zu Probanden ohne IA, wobei die Punkt-Prävalenzraten für Suizidalität mit 1,6–18,7% erheblich variierten.
Diskussion Die Ergebnisse der eingeschlossenen Publikationen legen nahe, dass Internetabhängigkeit mit einer erhöhten Rate an nicht-suizidalem selbstverletzendem Verhalten und mit einer erhöhten Suizidalität einhergeht, wobei sich für Suizidgedanken ein deutlicherer Zusammenhang abbildet als für tatsächliche suizidale Handlungen. Um ein besseres Verständnis insbesondere kausaler Zusammenhänge zwischen IA, NSSV und Suizidalität zu entwickeln, bedarf es weiterer, möglichst longitudinaler Studien.
Fazit für die Praxis  Vor dem Hintergrund der aktuellen Studienlage ist es ratsam, bei Internetabhängigen routinemäßig auch eine differenzierte Anamnese bezüglich NSSV sowie suizidalen Gedanken und Impulsen durchzuführen.
Endoscopic subtypes of colorectal laterally spreading tumors (LSTs) and the risk of submucosal invasion: a meta-analysis
Authors: Bogie Roel , Veldman Manon , Snijders Luc , Winkens Bjorn , Kaltenbach Tonya , Masclee Ad , Matsuda Takahisa , Rondagh Eveline , Soetikno Roy , Tanaka Shinji , Chiu Han-Mo , Sanduleanu-Dascalescu Silvia 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims Many studies have reported on laterally spreading tumors (LSTs), but systematic reviews of the data to determine their risk of containing submucosal invasion (SMI) are lacking. We systematically screened and analyzed the available literature to provide a more solid basis for evidence-based treatment.
Methods We conducted a systematic search in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus for published articles until July 2017. We estimated pooled prevalence or odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs), using random-effects models. We classified endoscopic subtypes into granular LST, which comprises the homogeneous and nodular mixed subtypes, and non-granular LST, which comprises the flat elevated and pseudodepressed subtypes.
Results We identified 2949 studies, of which 48 were included. Overall, 8.5 % (95 %CI 6.5 % – 10.5 %) of LSTs contained SMI. The risk of SMI differed among the LST subtypes: 31.6 % in non-granular pseudodepressed LSTs (95 %CI 19.8 % – 43.4 %), 10.5 % in granular nodular mixed LSTs (95 %CI 5.9 % – 15.1 %), 4.9 % in non-granular flat elevated LSTs (95 %CI 2.1 % – 7.8 %), and 0.5 % in granular homogenous LSTs (95 %CI 0.1 % – 1.0 %). SMI was more common in distally rather than in proximally located LSTs (OR 2.50, 95 %CI 1.24 – 5.02). The proportion of SMI increased with lesion size (10 – 19 mm, 4.6 %; 20 – 29 mm, 9.2 %; ≥ 30 mm, 16.5 %). The pooled prevalence of patients with one or more LSTs in the general colonoscopy population was 0.8 % (95 %CI 0.6 % – 1.1 %).
Conclusion The majority of LSTs are non-invasive at the time of colonoscopic detection and can be treated with (piecemeal) endoscopic mucosal resection. Pretreatment diagnosis of endoscopic subtype, specifying areas of concern (nodule or depression), determines those LSTs at highest risk of containing SMI, where en bloc resection is the preferred therapy.
Leptin and its Relation to Autonomic Activity, Endothelial Cell Activation and Blood Pressure in a Young Black and White Population: The African-PREDICT study
Authors: Ahiante Blessing , Smith Wayne , Lammertyn Leandi , Schutte Aletta 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAn increasing prevalence of obesity-related hypertension is observed in the youth and may have severe consequences for future cardiovascular disease development. Previous studies portrayed leptin as a potential factor involved in obesity-related hypertension development. In order to understand leptin’s contributions to early cardiovascular deterioration, we investigated leptin and its associations with measures of autonomic activity, endothelial activation, and blood pressure in young healthy black and white men and women. We included 820 participants (aged 20–30 years) and determined serum leptin and endothelial cellular adhesion molecules. We measured 24-h blood pressure, heart rate, and heart rate variability components. In multivariate-adjusted regression analyses, we found consistent associations between markers of autonomic activity (such as 24-h heart rate, day and night-time heart rate as well as heart rate variability total power) and leptin in both white (all p≤0.001) and black men (all p≤0.040). These findings were absent or less prominent in women, despite their almost 10-fold higher leptin levels than men. Only in white men, 24-h diastolic blood pressure was associated with leptin (Std β=0.37; p=0.006). This association was found to be partly mediated by autonomic activity (24-h heart rate variability total power). No independent associations were observed between leptin and markers of endothelial cell activation, irrespective of race or gender. Leptin’s independent association with autonomic neural activity in a young apparently healthy population suggests an early influence of leptin on autonomic function and future blood pressure elevation especially in men.
30.5.6 Selenium- and Tellurium-Containing Acetals (Update 2016)
Authors: Yoshimatsu M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 30.5) concerning the synthesis and reactions of selenium- and tellurium-containing acetals. Recent interest has changed to the new field of Se,N- and Te,N-acetals including 4′-selenonucleosides, which may be used as unique building blocks for new DNA and RNA analogues. The published methods for Se,N- and Te,N-acetals could open up new applications in this field.
31.5.1.2.7 Synthesis of Phenols and Phenolates by Elimination (Update 2018)
Authors: González-Bello C. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis review (Section 31.5.1.2), published in 2007, describing the synthesis of monohydric phenols by elimination approaches. It focuses on recent, palladium-catalyzed arylation/aromatization methods as well as the nickel-catalyzed hydrogenolysis of diaryl ethers.
33.5.8.2 2,3-Dihydro-1H-phospholes and Derivatives (Update 2015)
Authors: Keglevich Gy. , Grün A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 33.5.8) describing methods for the synthesis of 2,3-dihydro-1H-phospholes. It focuses on the literature published in the period 2004–2015.
33.5.9.2 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydrophosphinines and Derivatives (Update 2015)
Authors: Keglevich Gy. , Grün A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 33.5.9) describing methods for the synthesis of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophosphinines. It focuses on the literature published in the period 2004–2015.
35.3.1.2.7 Synthesis by Substitution of Metals (Update 2015)
Authors: Elliott M. C. , Saleh B. A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 35.3.1.2) describing methods for the synthesis of alkyl iodides from organometallic reagents, generally by addition of iodine, although other iodide sources have been used. It focuses on the literature published in the period 2005–2014.
35.3.1.4.6 Synthesis by Substitution of Other Halogens (Update 2015)
Authors: Singh F. V. , Wirth T. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIodoalkanes are versatile reagents and precursors in a variety of organic reactions such as nucleophilic substitution, elimination, and metal-catalyzed C—C bond-forming reactions. In this chapter, various halogen-exchange approaches for the synthesis of iodoalkanes from other haloalkanes are described. The methods described cover the literature published in the period 2007–2014.
2.10 Ring-Closing Metathesis
Authors: Lee D. , Sabbasani V. R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRing-closing metathesis (RCM) has emerged as a powerful synthetic tool. Depending on the unsaturated functional groups involved, ring-closing-metathesis reactions are classified into three categories: diene ring-closing metathesis, enyne ring-closing metathesis, and diyne ring-closing metathesis. These are mediated/catalyzed by metal alkylidenes or alkylidynes to form cyclic alkenes or alkynes, with ring sizes ranging from small to large, and including both carbocycles and heterocycles. Mechanistically, diene and diyne ring-closing metathesis involves an exchange reaction between the participating alkenes or alkynes, whereas enyne ring-closing metathesis involves a formal addition reaction between an alkene and an alkyne. This chapter summarizes the distinctive features of these different ring-closing metathesis processes in terms of the advancement of mechanistic understanding and the development of effective catalyst systems and their application to natural product synthesis.
Longitudinal perspectives of faculty and students on benefits and barriers to transdisciplinary graduate education: program assessment and institutional recommendations
Authors: Keck Anna-Sigrid , Sloane Stephanie , Liechty Janet M. , Paceley Megan S. , Donovan Sharon M. , Bost Kelly K. , McBride Brent A. , Fiese Barbara H. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAddressing complex societal problems, such as childhood obesity, requires transdisciplinary (TD) approaches to reach effective solutions. However, TD doctoral training programs in academic settings are still relatively new, and little is known about the benefits and barriers of participation. This study sought to longitudinally assess benefits and barriers of a TD approach to doctoral education from the perspectives of students working towards a joint PhD/MPH degree and their faculty advisors. Results show that benefits across 5-years included greater collaboration and networking, enhanced guidance and support, broadened ways of thinking, and expanded opportunities. Barriers included time demands, complicated logistics, and tension between depth versus breadth of knowledge. Similarities and differences among students and faculty are discussed. Findings provide resources for both faculty and students considering involvement with TD doctoral education, as well as for institutions and academic programs seeking to promote TD training and team science.
WhiB6 regulation of ESX-1 gene expression is controlled by a negative feedback loop inMycobacterium marinum
Authors: Bosserman Rachel E. , Nguyen Tiffany T. , Sanchez Kevin G. , Chirakos Alexandra E. , Ferrell Micah J. , Thompson Cristal R. , Champion Matthew M. , Abramovitch Robert B. , Champion Patricia A. 
Published: November 2017

SignificanceMycobacteria use ESX systems to transport protein substrates across the cytoplasmic membrane. The ESX-1 system is required for mycobacterial pathogenesis inMycobacterium tuberculosis(M. tb), the cause of tuberculosis (TB). Differences in the expression of genes encoding ESX substrates directly impactsM. tbtransmission and virulence. Deletion of genes encoding ESX exporters results in reduced levels of ESX substrates in mycobacteria. Here, we define a fundamental mechanism of regulation of ESX-1 substrates inM. marinum, a pathogenic mycobacterial species and a model forM. tb. We demonstrate that the transcriptional regulation of genes encoding ESX-1 substrates is linked to the presence or absence of the ESX-1 exporter. These findings provide insight into how substrate levels are intricately controlled in mycobacteria.
Chiral intertwined spirals and magnetic transition dipole moments dictated by cylinder helicity
Authors: Sato Sota , Yoshii Asami , Takahashi Satsuki , Furumi Seiichi , Takeuchi Masayuki , Isobe Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2017

SignificanceDefining unique properties of anomalous molecular entities is one of the most important roles of chemistry. Revealed by discovery of carbon nanotubes, rolled sheets of graphitic carbons are among such molecular structures possessing unique chirality. Although the chirality in nanotubes is attracting renewed interest in physical science, our understanding as well as exploration of its utilities is still in its infancy due to scarcity of chiral congeners with discrete structures. In this paper, chirality-originated properties of tubular molecules have been disclosed. The chirality in the cylindrical molecular structure results in chiral double helices in crystals and in extremely large dissymmetry factors associated with circularly polarized light. Cylinder chirality would be characteristic features to be explored in materials science of tubular structures.
Bartolomé de las Casas and the Spanish-American War
Authors: Valdeón Roberto A. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This article explores the uses of Las Casas’s Brevísima relación de la destrucción de las Indias in the United States of America, with a focus on the Spanish-American War. After introducing the concept of the Black Legend and its use in England, Spain’s main rival in the Americas during the early modern period, I briefly discuss the first two English translations of the tract by Las Casas. The ideological manipulation carried out by M. M. S. and by John Phillips set the tone for the future use of Las Casas as part of the anti-Spanish propaganda characteristic of Renaissance England first and of modern America later. I then proceed to examine how the narrative ascribed to Las Casas has contributed to forge an anti-Spanish feeling in the US, evident in the years before and after the Spanish-American War of 1898. This section suggests that Las Casas’s text was violated in many ways in order to support a narrative of hatred, as shown in the sermons of American Protestant ministers, books, and, above all, in the 1898 US edition of his work.