bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antiadhesion Organogel Materials: From Liquid to Solid
Authors: Lv Jianyong , Yao Xi , Zheng Yongmei , Wang Jianjun , Jiang Lei 
Published: October 2017

AbstractVarious organogel materials with either a liquid or solid surface layer have recently been designed and prepared. These surface materials can substantially reduce the adhesion of foreign deposits such as water, blood, paint, ice, and so on; therefore, they exhibit great potential for the easy removal of foreign deposits. Here, a brief discussion about the mechanism of organogel materials in reducing adhesion is given; then, examples of liquid organogels for fighting against varieties of complex fluidic deposits are presented, and efforts in preventing the depletion of liquid are discussed. Finally, applications of antiadhesion organogels with multifunctionality, and the strategy of replacing liquids with solids are presented.
Large‐Scale, Long‐Range‐Ordered Patterning of Nanocrystals via Capillary‐Bridge Manipulation
Authors: Feng Jiangang , Song Qian , Zhang Bo , Wu Yuchen , Wang Tie , Jiang Lei 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDeterministic assembly of nanoparticles with programmable patterns is a core opportunity for property‐by‐design fabrication and large‐scale integration of functional materials and devices. The wet‐chemical‐synthesized colloidal nanocrystals are compatible with solution assembly techniques, thus possessing advantages of high efficiency, low cost, and large scale. However, conventional solution process suffers from tradeoffs between spatial precision and long‐range order of nanocrystal assembly arising from the uncontrollable dewetting dynamics and fluid flow. Here, a capillary‐bridge manipulation method is demonstrated for directing the dewetting of nanocrystal inks and deterministically patterning long‐range‐ordered superlattice structures. This is achieved by employing micropillars with programmable size, arrangement, and shape, which permits deterministic manipulation of geometry, position, and dewetting dynamics of capillary bridges. Various superlattice structures, including one‐dimensional (1D), circle, square, pentagon, hexagon, pentagram, cross arrays, are fabricated. Compared to the glassy thin films, long‐range‐ordered superlattice arrays exhibit improved ferroelectric polarization. Coassembly of nanocrystal superlattice and organic functional molecule is further demonstrated. Through introducing azobenzene into superlattice arrays, a switchable ferroelectric polarization is realized, which is triggered by order–disorder transition of nanocrystal stacking in reversible isomerization process of azobenzene. This method offers a platform for patterning nanocrystal superlattices and fabricating microdevices with functionalities for multiferroics, electronics, and photonics.
Photovoltaic–Pyroelectric Coupled Effect Induced Electricity for Self‐Powered Photodetector System
Authors: Ma Nan , Zhang Kewei , Yang Ya 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFerroelectric materials have demonstrated novel photovoltaic effect to scavenge solar energy. However, most of the ferroelectric materials with wide bandgaps (2.7–4 eV) suffer from low power conversion efficiency of less than 0.5% due to absorbing only 8–20% of solar spectrum. Instead of harvesting solar energy, these ferroelectric materials can be well suited for photodetector applications, especially for sensing near‐UV irradiations. Here, a ferroelectric BaTiO3 film‐based photodetector is demonstrated that can be operated without using any external power source and a fast sensing of 405 nm light illumination is enabled. As compared with photovoltaic effect, both the responsivity and the specific detectivity of the photodetector can be dramatically enhanced by larger than 260% due to the light‐induced photovoltaic–pyroelectric coupled effect. A self‐powered photodetector array system can be utilized to achieve spatially resolved light intensity detection by recording the output voltage signals as a mapping figure.
Evolutionary Metal Oxide Clusters for Novel Applications: Toward High‐Density Data Storage in Nonvolatile Memories
Authors: Chen Xiaoli , Zhou Ye , Roy Vellaisamy A. L. , Han Su‐Ting 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBecause of current fabrication limitations, miniaturizing nonvolatile memory devices for managing the explosive increase in big data is challenging. Molecular memories constitute a promising candidate for next‐generation memories because their properties can be readily modulated through chemical synthesis. Moreover, these memories can be fabricated through mild solution processing, which can be easily scaled up. Among the various materials, polyoxometalate (POM) molecules have attracted considerable attention for use as novel data‐storage nodes for nonvolatile memories. Here, an overview of recent advances in the development of POMs for nonvolatile memories is presented. The general background knowledge of the structure and property diversity of POMs is also summarized. Finally, the challenges and perspectives in the application of POMs in memories are discussed.
Design of a New Small‐Molecule Electron Acceptor Enables Efficient Polymer Solar Cells with High Fill Factor
Authors: Li Sunsun , Ye Long , Zhao Wenchao , Liu Xiaoyu , Zhu Jie , Ade Harald , Hou Jianhui 
Published: October 2017

AbstractImproving the fill factor (FF) is known as a challenging issue in organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, a strategy of extending the conjugated area of end‐group is proposed for the molecular design of acceptor–donor–acceptor (A–D–A)‐type small molecule acceptor (SMA), and an indaceno[1,2‐b:5,6‐b′]dithiophene‐based SMA, namely IDTN, by end‐capping with the naphthyl fused 2‐(3‐oxocyclopentylidene)malononitrile is synthesized. Benefiting from the π‐conjugation extension by fusing two phenyls, IDTN shows stronger molecular aggregation, more ordered packing structure, thus over one order of magnitude higher electron mobility relative to its counterpart. By utilizing the fluorinated polymer (PBDB‐TF) as the electron donor, the corresponding device exhibits a high efficiency of 12.2% with a record‐high FF of 0.78, which is approaching the theoretical limit of OSCs. Compared with the reference molecule, such a high FF in the IDTN system can be mainly attributed to the more ordered π–π packing of acceptor aggregates, higher domain purity and symmetric carrier transport in the blend. Hence, enlarging the conjugated area of the terminal‐group in these A–D–A‐type SMAs is a promising approach not only for enhancing the electron mobility, but also for improving the blend morphology, and both of them are conducive to the fill‐factor breakthrough.
Highly Efficient and Stable Water‐Oxidation Electrocatalysis with a Very Low Overpotential using FeNiP Substitutional‐Solid‐Solution Nanoplate Arrays
Authors: Qian Manman , Cui Shengsheng , Jiang Daochuan , Zhang Lei , Du Pingwu 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe development of efficient water‐oxidation electrocatalysts based on inexpensive and earth‐abundant materials is significant to enable water splitting as a future renewable energy source. Herein, the synthesis of novel FeNiP solid‐solution nanoplate (FeNiP‐NP) arrays and their use as an active catalyst for high‐performance water‐oxidation catalysis are reported. The as‐prepared FeNiP‐NP catalyst on a 3D nickel foam substrate exhibits excellent electrochemical performance with a very low overpotential of only 180 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and an onset overpotential of 120 mV in 1.0 m KOH for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The slope of the Tafel plot is as low as 76.0 mV dec−1. Furthermore, the long‐term electrochemical stability of the FeNiP‐NP electrode is investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) at 1.10–1.55 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), demonstrating very stable performance with negligible loss in activity after 1000 CV cycles. This present FeNiP‐NP solid solution is thought to represent the best OER catalytic activity among the non‐noble metal catalysts reported so far.
High‐Efficiency All‐Dielectric Metalenses for Mid‐Infrared Imaging
Authors: Zuo Haijie , Choi Duk‐Yong , Gai Xin , Ma Pan , Xu Lei , Neshev Dragomir N. , Zhang Baoping , Luther‐Davies Barry 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMetasurfaces‐based flat optics, which can make use of existing foundry planar technology for high‐throughput production, allows the arbitrary control of the wavefront and polarization of light within subwavelength thick structures. So far, however, flat optics for the mid‐infrared (MIR) has received far less attention than devices operating at visible or near‐infrared wavelengths. Here, polarization‐insensitive, highly efficient, all‐dielectric metalenses operating in the MIR around 4 µm are demonstrated. The metalens is designed using rigorous coupled‐wave analysis and is based on hydrogenated amorphous silicon (α‐Si:H) nanopillars supported by an MgF2 substrate. The metalenses produce close to a diffraction‐limited focal spot and can resolve structures on the wavelength scale where the focusing efficiency reaches 78% at a magnification of 120×. The imaging qualities are comparable with commercial bulk‐molded chalcogenide aspheric lenses. These results provide novel solutions for existing MIR technology and nurture new functionalities with the population of miniaturized and planarized optoelectrical devices.
Photocatalytic Oxidative Bromination of Electron‐Rich Arenes and Heteroarenes by Anthraquinone
Authors: Petzold Daniel , König Burkhard 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe estimated excited oxidation potential of sodium anthraquinone‐2‐sulfonate (SAS) increases from 1.8 V to about 2.3 V vs SCE by protonation with Brønsted acids. This increased photooxidation power of protonated anthraquinone was used for the regio‐selective oxidative bromination of electron rich (hetero)arenes and drugs in good yield. The mild reaction conditions are compatible with many functional groups, such as double and triple bonds, ketones, amides and amines, hydroxyl groups, carboxylic acids and carbamates. Mechanistic investigations indicate the photooxidation of the arene followed by nucleophilic bromide addition as the likely pathway.magnified image
Supramolecular hydrogel of poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan: A dual cross‐link design
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Li Tingting , Liu Yuan , Shang Fang , Chen Bing , Hu Yunxia , Wang Sui , Guo Zhiyong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSupramolecular hydrogels are increasingly fascinating soft polymeric materials formed by noncovalent interactions. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), chitosan and graphite oxide (GO), good biocompatibility, and nontoxicity, are green materials with potential applications in biomaterials. Herein, a dual cross‐link supramolecular hydrogel of PVA/chitosan in the presence of GO was prepared. Without addition of any organic cross‐linker, the dual‐network PVA/chitosan hydrogel was obtained, namely GO nanosheets as 2D cross‐linker and H‐bonding between PVA chains. For one thing, GO nanosheets induce the physical network formation through electrostatic interaction between positively charged PVA, chitosan, and negatively charged GO. For another, PVA chains can be connected by H‐bonding through freezing/thawing measurements, resulting in the formation of another physical network. To investigate the performance of the PVA/chitosan/GO hydrogel, infrared spectrum, swelling test, thermal analysis, rheological study, and self‐healing tests were conducted. The result showed that PVA/chitosan hydrogel in the presence of GO is not only self‐healable, but also pH‐responsive and temperature‐dependent.
Universalization of the operative strategy by systematic mesogastric excision for stomach cancer with that for total mesorectal excision and complete mesocolic excision colorectal counterparts
Authors: Shinohara Hisashi , Kurahashi Yasunori , Haruta Shusuke , Ishida Yoshinori , Sasako Mitsuru 
Published: October 2017

AbstractGastrointestinal cancer surgery aims at en bloc removal of the primary tumor with its lymphatic drainage by excising organ‐specific mesentery as an “intact package”. This concept was advocated in colorectal cancer surgery as total mesorectal excision (TME) or complete mesocolic excision (CME) procedures, but is not directly applicable to stomach cancer as a result of the morphological complexities of the gastric mesentery. In this review, we discuss the unique anatomical features of the mesogastrium by introducing its embryology, disclose its similarity to the mesosigmoid, and then propose a theoretical concept to mesentery‐based D2 gastrectomy, namely systematic mesogastric excision, which can universalize the operative strategy of stomach cancer with that of TME and CME colorectal counterparts.
Molecular‐based diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and its progressive stage
Authors: Barbour Christopher , Kosa Peter , Komori Mika , Tanigawa Makoto , Masvekar Ruturaj , Wu Tianxia , Johnson Kory , Douvaras Panagiotis , Fossati Valentina , Herbst Ronald , Wang Yue , Tan Keith , Greenwood Mark , Bielekova Bibiana 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveBiomarkers aid diagnosis, allow inexpensive screening of therapies, and guide selection of patient‐specific therapeutic regimens in most internal medicine disciplines. In contrast, neurology lacks validated measurements of the physiological status, or dysfunction(s) of cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Accordingly, patients with chronic neurological diseases are often treated with a single disease‐modifying therapy without understanding patient‐specific drivers of disability. Therefore, using multiple sclerosis (MS) as an example of a complex polygenic neurological disease, we sought to determine whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are intraindividually stable, cell type‐, disease‐ and/or process‐specific, and responsive to therapeutic intervention.MethodsWe used statistical learning in a modeling cohort (n = 225) to develop diagnostic classifiers from DNA‐aptamer–based measurements of 1,128 CSF proteins. An independent validation cohort (n = 85) assessed the reliability of derived classifiers. The biological interpretation resulted from in vitro modeling of primary or stem cell–derived human CNS cells and cell lines.ResultsThe classifier that differentiates MS from CNS diseases that mimic MS clinically, pathophysiologically, and on imaging achieved a validated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.98, whereas the classifier that differentiates relapsing–remitting from progressive MS achieved a validated AUROC of 0.91. No classifiers could differentiate primary progressive from secondary progressive MS better than random guessing. Treatment‐induced changes in biomarkers greatly exceeded intraindividual and technical variabilities of the assay.InterpretationCNS biological processes reflected by CSF biomarkers are robust, stable, disease specific, or even disease stage specific. This opens opportunities for broad utilization of CSF biomarkers in drug development and precision medicine for CNS disorders. Ann Neurol 2017;82:795–812
Generation of Circular Optical Vortex Array
Authors: Ma Haixiang , Li Xinzhong , Tai Yuping , Li Hehe , Wang Jingge , Tang Miaomiao , Tang Jie , Wang Yishan , Nie Zhaogang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe report on a novel optical vortex array named circular optical vortex array, which is generated by the superposition of two concentric perfect optical vortices. The circular optical vortex array has a constant topological charge of +1 or −1, the number and sign of which are determined by the topological charges of the two perfect optical vortices. Moreover, the radius of the circular optical vortex array is easily adjusted by using the cone angle of an axicon. Furthermore, the circular optical vortex array and multiple circular optical vortex array can be rotated by changing the initial phase difference of the perfect optical vortices on demand. This work demonstrates a complex structured optical field, which is of significance for applications such as optical tweezers, micro‐particle manipulation, and optical imaging.
Self‐Assembly of Chiral Gold Clusters into Crystalline Nanocubes of Exceptional Optical Activity
Authors: Shi Lin , Zhu Lingyun , Guo Jun , Zhang Lijuan , Shi Yanan , Zhang Yin , Hou Ke , Zheng Yonglong , Zhu Yanfei , Lv Jiawei , Liu Shaoqin , Tang Zhiyong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSelf‐assembly of inorganic nanoparticles into ordered structures is of interest in both science and technology because it is expected to generate new properties through collective behavior; however, such nanoparticle assemblies with characteristics distinct from those of individual building blocks are rare. Herein we use atomically precise Au clusters to make ordered assemblies with emerging optical activity. Chiral Au clusters with strong circular dichroism (CD) but free of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) are synthesized and organized into uniform body‐centered cubic (BCC) packing nanocubes. Once the ordered structure is formed, the CD intensity is significantly enhanced and a remarkable CPL response appears. Both experiment and theory calculation disclose that the CPL originates from restricted intramolecular rotation and the ordered stacking of the chiral stabilizers, which are fastened in the crystalline lattices.
Foaming of poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) and poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate‐co‐carbon monoxide) and their blends with carbon dioxide
Authors: Sarver Joseph A. , Sumey Jenna L. , Williams Michael L. , Bishop John P. , Dean David M. , Kiran Erdogan 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTPoly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) (EVA‐25) and poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate‐co‐carbon monoxide) (EVACO‐2410) and their blends with EVACO:EVA ratios of 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, and 20:80 were foamed using CO2. These foams are of interest for applications ranging from footwear to medical devices. Foaming experiments were carried out using 1 mm thick melt‐extruded films in CO2 at a range of pressures (100, 200, and 300 bar) and temperatures (30, 40, 50, and 60 °C). Foamability of the polymers was explored both under isothermal and gradient temperature conditions. Foams of EVACO‐2410 displayed high initial expansions followed by postfoaming relaxation and shrinkage while foams generated from EVA‐25 showed more dimensional stability. Blending EVACO‐2410 with EVA‐25 was explored as an approach to reduce postfoaming relaxation and shrinkage. The surfaces of the foamed samples displayed blistering that was linked to CO2 bubble entrapment and coalescence at the surface. Scanning electron micrographs of the foams generated from blends displayed distinct morphologies reflecting whether the sections were representing the machine‐ or cross‐machine direction of extruded films. In going from EVACO‐2410 to EVA‐25, the cell densities ranged from about 106 to 1010 cells/cm3. Foams with low bulk densities of about 0.11 g/cm3 could be generated. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45841.
An Enhanced Coupling Nonlinear Tracking Controller for Underactuated 3D Overhead Crane Systems
Authors: Zhang Menghua , Ma Xin , Rong Xuewen , Song Rui , Tian Xincheng , Li Yibin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAn enhanced coupling nonlinear tracking control method for an underactuated 3D overhead crane systems is set forth in the present paper. The proposed tracking controller guarantees a smooth start for the trolley and solves the problem of the payload swing angle amplitude increasing as the transferring distance gets longer for the regulation control methods. Different from existing tracking control methods, the presented control approach has an improved transient performance. More specifically, by taking the operation experience, mathematical analysis of the overhead crane system, physical constraints, and operational efficiency into consideration, we first select two desired trajectories for the trolley. Then, a new storage function is constructed by the introduction of two new composite signals, which increases the coupling behaviour between the trolley movement and payload swing. Next, a novel tracking control strategy is designed according to the derivation form of the aforementioned storage function. Lyapunov techniques and Barbalat's Lemma are used to demonstrate the stability of the closed‐loop system without any approximation manipulations to the original nonlinear dynamics. Finally, some simulation and experiments are used to demonstrate the superior transient performance and strong robustness with respect to different cable lengths, payload masses, destinations, and external disturbances of the enhanced coupling nonlinear tracking control scheme.
Enhanced red emission from BaMoO4: Eu3+ by Bi3+ co‐doping
Authors: Luo Wenqin , Ling Danping , Bao Susu , Xiong Huifang , Zhang Rui , Li Bin , Wu Haiyan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA series of Bi3+,Eu3+‐doped BaMoO4 phosphors was synthesized using a hydrothermal method. The crystal structure, morphology and optical properties of the phosphors were studied using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. Three different particle morphologies were detected in the SEM observation. The energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) results indicated that the solubility of Bi3+ in spherical or rugby‐like BaMoO4 particles was very low and the excess Bi3+ element was cumulated in the irregular particles. Characteristic emissions of Eu3+ ions (5D0 → 7FJ; J = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) were observed under excitation in ultraviolet (UV) light, with the most intense transition being the 5D0 → 7F2 transition. Energy transfer from MoO42− and Bi3+ to Eu3+ can be readily achieved. Red emission intensity of Eu3+ was enhanced by a factor of two by co‐doping with a small amount of Bi3+. Optical properties as a function of Bi3+ content were studied and the optimum Bi3+ content in BaMoO4 nanocrystals was determined to be 0.4 mol%.
Prognostic role of tumor necrosis in patients undergoing curative resection for gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor: a multicenter analysis of 740 cases in China
Authors: Liu Xuechao , Qiu Haibo , Zhang Peng , Feng Xingyu , Chen Tao , Li Yong , Tao Kaixiong , Li Guoxin , Sun Xiaowei , Zhou Zhiwei ,   China Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Study Group (CN‐GIST)
Published: October 2017

AbstractTumor necrosis is associated with poor clinical outcomes in many malignancies. We aimed to determine whether tumor necrosis was an independent predictor of outcomes in gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). We retrospectively analyzed data from 740 patients undergoing curative resection for gastric GIST at four centers between 2001 and 2015. Disease‐free survival (DFS) was estimated with the Kaplan–Meier method, and associations with prognosis were assessed with Cox regression models. Tumor necrosis was present in 122 cases (16.5%). The prevalence of tumor necrosis increased with higher risk‐stratification, including 0.7%, 7.4%, 17.3%, and 39.3% for very low‐, low‐, intermediate‐ and high‐risk tumors, respectively (P < 0.001). Tumor necrosis was associated with aggressive tumor biology, such as larger tumor size, higher mitotic index, tumor rupture, and presence of nuclear atypia (all P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that tumor necrosis was an independent predictor of unfavorable DFS (HR: 2.641; 95% CI: 1.359–5.131; P = 0.004). When stratified by the modified National Institutes of Health (NIH) classification, tumor necrosis still independently predicted DFS in high‐risk patients (P = 0.001) but not in non‐high‐risk patients (P = 0.349). The 5‐year DFS rate in high‐risk patients with and without tumor necrosis was 56.5% and 82.9%, respectively (P = 0.004). Notably, the prognostic significance of tumor necrosis was maintained when the patients were stratified by age, sex, tumor location, tumor size, and mitotic index (All P < 0.05). Tumor necrosis is a useful predictor of outcomes in gastric GIST, especially in high‐risk patients. Based on these results, we recommend that the current NIH classification should be further improved and expanded to include tumor necrosis as a valuable prognostic indicator.