bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Selected Seed, Foliar and In-Furrow Applied Insecticides and Planting Date on Thrips Injury, Plant Stand and Yield, 1996
Authors: Herbert D. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Selected insecticides applied to peanut planted on 3 dates were evaluated against TT injury and for effects on plant stand and yield of Virginia-type peanut. ‘VA-C 92R’ peanut was planted 25 Apr, 10 May and 20 May at the Virginia Tech Tidewater Agric. Res. & Ext. Ctr., Suffolk, VA using 36-inch row spacing. Granular insecticides were applied into the seed furrow (IF) at planting with tractor-mounted jars calibrated to deliver exact amounts through lid holes via gravity; liquids with a CO2 pressurized tractor-mounted sprayer calibrated to deliver 5 gpa at 24 psi through one SS8001E flat fan nozzle per row mounted just above planter disks and turned parallel to the row direction. Foliar sprays were applied in a 12-to 14-inch band over the row with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 17 gpa at 22 psi through one 8003E nozzle per row. Seed treatments were prepared just before planting by gently mixing measured amounts of product and seed in the planter box (PB). A RCB experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows by 30 ft. Treatments were evaluated by determining plant injury based on a 0 to 10 scale where, 0 = no thrips induced plant injury, 1 = 10% injured leaves, 2 = 20% injured leaves, 3 = 30% injured leaves, 4 = 40% injured leaves, 5 = ≥50% injured leaves + ≤5% terminal buds injured, 6 = ≥50% injured leaves + 25% terminal buds injured, 7 = ≥50% injured leaves + 50% terminal buds injured, 8 = ≥50% injured leaves + 75% terminal buds injured, 9 = ≥50% injured leaves + ≥90% terminal buds injured, and 10 = dead plants. Plant stand was determined by counting all seedlings in the 2 center rows of each plot (plant date 1-20 May, plant date 2-26 May, plant date 3-3 Jun). Yield was determined by digging, drying and combining peanuts from the 2 center rows of each plot. Data were analyzed within each planting date using ANOVA and LSD procedures.
Evaluation of Selected Hopper Box and Insecticide Treatments for Control of the Red Imported Fire Ant (RIFA) in Grain Sorghum, 1996
Authors: Castro B. A. , Riley T. J. , Leonard B. R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Selected insecticide treatments were evaluated for management of the RIFA in grain sorghum at the Macon Ridge Location of the Northeast Research Station in Franklin Parish, LA. Grain sorghum was planted no-till with a John Deere 7300 planter into a bermuda grass sod containing a high density of RIFA mounds. The test was planted on 11 Jun in a RCB design with 4-row plots (13.33 ft X 15 ft) and 4 replications. Lorsban 4EC, Admire 2F and Furadan 4F were applied as in-furrow sprays at planting (IFSAP) with a CO2 charged system, calibrated to deliver 5 gpa at 25 psi through 8002E flat fan nozzles (1/row). Lorsban 4EC was also applied as pre-emergence surface spray (PRE) immediately post-plant with a CO2-charged system, calibrated to deliver 10 gpa at 35 psi through 8001 flat fan nozzles (1/row) in a band 20 inches wide over the row center. Other treatments were applied either as in-furrow granules at planting (IFGAP), T-banded granules at planting (T-BAND) or seed treatments (SEED T). RIFA densities were estimated on 9 Jul by placing an unruled index card (3 X 5 inches) baited with peanut butter in each plot and recording the number of ants attracted after 30 minutes. Plant population densities were recorded on 9 Jul by sampling the entire 2 center rows. Plant heights were estimated on 9 Jul by measuring 20 plants in each plot. Intra-row skips between plants were recorded on 9 Jul by counting the number of skips &gt; 12 inches in the 2 center rows.
Sugarbeet Root Maggot Control, 1996
Authors: Stoltz Robert L. , Matteson Nancy A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Experimental plots were established approximately 10 miles east of Hazelton, ID. The soil type was Portneuf silt loam and the plots were sprinkler irrigated. Eleven treatments and an untreated check were replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Individual plots were six rows (22 inch row spacing) by 30 ft. Alleys were cut between plots prior to harvest to give 25 ft of row per plot. On 29 Apr all plots were planted at which time, band applications of Temik and Counter were made. Temik, Counter 15G and Counter CR were applied as a 4inch band over the row and chain incorporated. On 31 May, post-emergence applications of Furadan and Lorsban were made. Furadan and Lorsban were applied as a 3 inch-4 inch banded S (early fly emergence) using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer (20 gpa at 30 psi). On 7 Jun, post-emergence applications of Temik. Thimet, Counter 15G and Counter CR were made (peak fly emergence) in a band as previously described. On 25 Jul, after most larval feeding had ended. 5 adjacent beets were dug from the middle of rows 2 and 5 to give 10 beets per plot for rating root maggot damage. The beets were washed and rated for damage using the following scales; 5-Point scale: 0 = no scars; 1 = 1-4 small scars of pinhead size; 2 = 5-10 small scars to 3 large scars; 3 = more than 3 large scars; 4 = one-half to three-quarters of root area blackened by scars; 5 = more than three-quarters of root area damaged, dying beet: 7-Point Scale: 0 = no damage; 1 = 1-4 small scars of pinhead size; 2 = 5-10 small scars, or up to 3 larger scars; 3 = more than 3 large scars; 4 = 4 large scars to one-quarter root surface covered with scars; 5 = one-quarter to one-half root surface covered with scars; 6 = one-half to three-quarter root area blackened by scars; 7 = more than three-quarter root surface blackened, dying beet. On 14 Sep, sugar beets in rows 3 and 4 (middle two rows) in all treatment plots were machine lifted, hand topped and untared weights were taken for yield estimates. All data were analyzed using ANOVA and Newman-Keuls.
Wheat Curl Mite Control on Winter Wheat, 1996
Authors: Blodgett Sue L. , Denke P.M. , Waters Deb , Carroll Matt , Carlson Gregg 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Wheat was seeded 14 Jun, at Northern Agriculture Research Center, Havre, MT. Plots measured 16 ft long and 2 rows wide (1-ft row spacing) and were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Insecticide applications were made using a backpack, CO2-powered sprayer equipped with TeeJet XR8002VS nozzles, calibrated to deliver 8.2 gpa at 30 psi. Six of the most recently, fully expanded leaves per plot were selected for sampling. Number WCM per leaf and percent infested plants were determined by visual inspection with the aid of a dissecting microscope. Data were analyzed using GLM and means were separated using LSMEANS.
Surface Application of Deltamethrin for Control of Mole Cricket Nymphs, 1996
Authors: Hertl P. T. , Brandenburg R. L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Rates of three insecticide formulations were evaluated for the control of mole cricket nymphs at the Fox Squirrel County Club in Brunswick Co. Plots 20 ft X 20 ft were established on a bermudagrass fairway showing a moderate level of mole cricket activity. Pretreatment sampling indicated the population was approximately 78% S. borelli and 22% S. vicinus. Treatments were randomly assigned to the plots and each treatment was replicated four times. All insecticides were applied 17 Jul. Spray formulations were applied using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer delivering 30 gal/acre. Granular formulations were applied using a hand-held Republic EZ Handspreader®. The soil was moist from recent rains at the time of application and 4 inch soil temperature was 86°F. Soil at the test site was classified as a Kureb fine sand with a pH of 6.1 and 0.41 % humic matter. Fairway irrigation was used to apply 0.25 inch of water to the entire test after application. Plots were evaluated on 31 Jul, 14 DAT, 14 and 29 Aug (28 and 43 DAT, respectively), and 19 Sep (64 DAT) by making five random grid rat-ings (Mack and Cobb 1989) per replicate. The five grid ratings per replicate were averaged and actual means are presented in the table. All data were trans-formed X = 0.5 prior to ANOVA and Tukey’s Studentized Range Test.
Control of Ant Mounds on a Golf Course Fairway, 1996
Authors: Power K. T. , Niemczyk H. D. , Belcher M. G. , Shetlar D. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The study was conducted on an irrigated fairway at Crockett’s Green Hills Golf Course, Clyde, Ohio. Insecticides were applied 2 May to plots 10 X 10 ft arranged in a RCB design replicated four times. Two of the treatments were split applications in which the second applications were made 20 May. The liquid treatments were applied with a CO2 sprayer and Tee-jet™ XR8006VS nozzles at 25 psi pressure that delivered a volume of 1 gal/1000 ft2. There was no immediate post-treatment irrigation. The area did receive supplemental irrigation sufficient to maintain turf quality. Environmental conditions at the time of treatments on 2 May were as follows: ants-extensive mound building activity observed, approximately 5/yd2; turf—3° slope, dry, 1 inch ht, 50% Kentucky bluegrass, 50% perennial ryegrass, no thatch; soil—moist, 48°F at 1 inch and 47°F at 3 inch; weather—sunny, 54°F, 0-7 mph. Environmental conditions at the time of re-applications on 20 Ma) were as follows: ants — actively building mounds, approximately 3/yd2; turf—3° slope, dry, 1 inch ht, 50% Kentucky bluegrass, 50% perennial ryegrass no thatch; soil — moist, 68°F at 1 inch and 65°F at 3 inch; weather—sunny, 76°F, 0-10mph. Evaluations were done on 20 May, 30 May, 13 Jun, 22 Jul and 26 Aug (18, 28, 42, 81, 116 DAT, respectively) by counting the number of active mounds in two 1-yd2 areas in each plot. Analysis of Variance was done on plot totals and means separated by LSD test (P = 0.5).
Application Timing of Insecticides for Control of Annual White Grubs on a Golf Course Rough, 1996
Authors: Weinhold A.P. , Baxendale F.P. , Weinhold K.A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This study was conducted in Lincoln, NE on a golf course rough. The turf (50% Kentucky bluegrass and 50% perennial rye) was maintained at a mowing height of 2.0 inches. Thatch accumulation (finger compressed) in the plot area was 0.75 inches. Field conditions at the study site were: soil type, silty cla&gt; loam; soil organic matter, 3.5%; soil pH, 6.5; water pH, 7.0. Environmental conditions at the time of application on 18 Jun, 09 Jul, and 06 Aug were, respectively, as follows: soil moisture 20%, 19%, and 20% by wt; air temperature 81°F, 74°F, and 87°F; soil temperature 72°F, 74°F, and 77°F; relative humidity 63%, 39%, and 66%; wind direction and velocity 155° at 3 mph., 22° at 6 mph, 204° at 12 mph. Plots were 6 X 10 ft and the experimental design was a RCB with 3 replications. Liquid insecticides were applied using a CO2 sprayer with a TeeJet® 8002 nozzle at 30 psi and delivering 2 gal/1000 ft2 Following applications, plots were irrigated with 0.35 inch water. Post-treatment precipitation totaled 13.71 inches. Treatments were evaluated 77 days after the first application on 3 Sep by removing from each plot three, 8-inch diam turf-soil cores (1.05 ft2 total area) to a depth of 3 inches and counting the number of surviving grubs
Observations on Spider Mite Damage Caused by Flareback from the Use of Systemic Insecticides, 1996
Authors: Gerace Dan , Sclar Casey , Cranshaw Whitney S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Plots were established on 22 May 1996 at the W.D. Holley Plant Environmental Research Center located on the campus of Colorado State University, Ft Collins, CO. Individual experimental units consisted of 5 plants placed in short rows. Plot design was a CRD with 6 replications. Plots were treated oi separate dates for each treatment: 3 Jun for Marathon, 11 Jun for Disyston and 6 Jul for Admire. Soil drench plots were treated with approximately 0.34 L of total solution per plot. All treatments were watered immediately after application. Plots received irrigation in the form of overhead watering for ap proximately two months after initial treatments were applied. After this time, plots were watered throughout the remainder of the experiment by hand wa tering the plants from underneath. Plots were sampled on three different dates in September for the presence of spider mite damage. A visual estimate of the percentage of leaves per plot killed due to spider mite damage was recorded on each date. Symptoms of the phytoplasma disease aster yellows were also present at a low rate in the experimental plots, but did not confound the visual damage estimates. The plots were also sampled for the number of spi der mites present per plot on two different dates in September, 1996. Five leaves from each plot were bagged and returned to the laboratory for further pro cessing. At the laboratory, the leaves collected from each plot were passed through a mite-brushing machine and mites were collected in a 20mm X lOOmn petri dish. The petri dishes were freshly treated with hairspray to affix collected mites. The petri dishes were then frozen until required for counting mites at 40 X normal magnification under a dissecting scope with a gridded paper template underneath the dish.
Control of Honeylocust Pod Gall Midge with Foliar-Applied Insecticides, 1996
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Gerace Dan , Tupy Andrea , Sclar Casey 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was conducted m a commercial nursery located in Milliken, Colorado. Trees used in the experiment were approximately 20 ft tall (2 inch dbh). At the time of applicaion, the trees had damage caused by lst-3rd generation pod gall midge and oviposition by 3rd generation adults was in progress. Treatments were applied on 13 Jun with a hand-held compressed air sprayer to the point of run-off. The experiment was arranged as a CRD with 7 replicates in untreated check and i replicates in all other treatments. Evaluation was done on 25 Jun by visual assessment of completely as well as partially galled new (&lt; 2 week old) growths on the trees. Four different points per tree were sampled and the results averaged to obtain percent galled leaflets per leaf.
Dryzon™ Wettable Powder Pour-On for Control of Sheep Ked, 1996
Authors: Lloyd J. E. , Kumar R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Experimental sheep were ewes and lambs of mixed breeds, both black and white faces, naturally infested with sheep ked. Pre-treatment ked density was determined by whole body counts of adult keds on 5 ewes and 5 lambs in each flock. Prior to treatment, all animals were weighed and fleece length was recorded on the 10 count animals. Treatment groups were housed separately. Two groups received the diazinon treatment; a third group served as the untreated control. Pre-treatment ked density on the two treated gruops was determined on 27 Jun, before treatment. Post-treatment ked counts were taken thereafter at 14, 28, and 42 DAT. Diazinon pour-on was mixed at the rate of 1 lb/6 gal water. Ten oz of dish detergent was added as a wetting agent. Each ewe received 2 oz and each lamb received 1 oz applied uniformly as a pour-on from head to rump. The insecticide suspension was continually stirred during the application process. Weather remained dry during and several days following the treatment.
Efficacy Tests of FMC 5268 on L. Trifolii Adult Leafminers
Authors: Kund G.S. , Trumble J.T. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Efficacy tests were performed on adult leafminers reared on lima bean plants at the University of California, Riverside, in the laboratory. The leafminer colony was started from field collected samples in Orange County, CA.
Sevin Evaluation, 1996
Authors: Hogmire Henry W. , Winfield Tim 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in a 0.8 acre block of 16-yr-old trees on MM 106 rootstock. Trees measured 13.5 ft. in height and 14.5 ft. in width and were planted at a spacing of 18 X 24 ft. The experimental design consisted of a single plot of 5 rows X 5 trees/row for each of 2 spray treatments and a single 10 row X 3 trees/row untreated plot. Insecticides were applied as complete sprays to both sides of the trees with a Swanson DA500A airblast sprayer, which traveled at 2.3 mph and delivered a spray volume of 100 gpa. Dates of application were 7 May [petal fall (PF)], 22 May [first cover (IC)], 11 Jun [second cover (2C)], 26 Jun [third cover (3C)], 11 Jul [fourth cover (4C)], 25 Jul [fifth cover (5C)], 7 Aug [sixth cover (6C)], 21 Aug [seventh cover (7C)], and 5 Sep [eighth cover (8C)]. Other materials applied separately to all treatments were Agri-Mycin, COCS, Dithane, Nova, Penncozeb, and Ziram. Treatment effect was determined by counting arthropod pests and injury on the periphery of 4 single-tree ‘Delicious’ replications in the center rows of each plot periodically during the season. Control of WALH was determined by counting nymphs on the underside of 25 leaves per tree. PLH was determined by counting injured terminals during a 5 minute period per tree. Effect of treatments against ERM was determined by sampling 25 leaves/tree, removing mites with a mite-brushing machine, and counting motile stages with a binocular microscope. Control of OFM was determined by counting injured terminals per tree. STLM control was evaluated by counting all tissue-feeding mines during a 5-minute period per tree.
Spanworm Control, 1996B
Authors: Collins J. A. , Drummond F. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Materials were applied on 27 May to 20 by 20 ft plots in a bearing blueberry field at Jonesboro, Maine. There were 3 replications of each treatment and a minimum 5-ft untreated buffer strip around each plot. Treatments were blocked according to prespray population levels. Insecticides were applied at a rate of 25 gpa using a CO2-propelled 80-inch boom sprayer with 4, flat spray, 80002VS TeeJet nozzles operating at 30 psi. At treatment, larvae were second to fifth instar and plants were ca. 15% tight cluster, 80% loose cluster, and 5% bloom. On sample dates in-dicated in table, 10 sweeps with a standard 12-inch sweep-net were taken systematically through the center area of each plot avoiding plot boundaries. The larvae were counted and then distributed back into the same plot. High winds on 26 May made sweep-net sampling difficult and may have confounded the results for that date.
Fireworm Control, 1996
Authors: Collins J. A. , Drummond F. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Materials were applied on 19 Aug to 13 by 13 ft plots in a pruned blueberry field at Township 19, Maine. There were 3 replications of each treatment and a minimum 5-ft untreated buffer strip around each plot. Treatments were blocked according to prespray population levels. Insecticides were applied at a rate of 25 gpa using a CO2-propelled 80-inch boom sprayer with 4, flat spray, 80002VS TeeJet nozzles operating at 35 psi. At treatment, larvae were early (green) instar and plants were at late tip die-back, early fruit bud set stage. On 16 Aug, all blueberry stems with webbed-together leaves were counted in each of 4 ft2 frames per plot. On all other dates, any stems with webbed-together leaves in the same 4 ft2 frames were cut and examined for: 1) presence of live fireworm larvae, or 2) dead or missing larvae. Live larvae were distributed back into the same frame area. No unusual weather conditions were noted during this test.
Grape, Season Long Broad Spectrum Insect Control, 1996
Authors: Wise John C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were applied to mature (16 year old) cv. ‘Concord’ grape vines at the Trevor Nichols Research Complex near Fennville, MI at a rate of 50 GPA using a FMC 1029 airblast sprayer. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design of single 50 ft long rows of vines replicated four times. Applications of materials were made on 28 Jun (Bloom, 725 Degree Days base 50 for GLH), 10 Jul (3C), 22 Jul (4C), 7 Aug (5C), 21 Aug (6C), 3 Sep (7C), and 16 Sep (8C). Grape leafhopper evaluations were made on 19 Jul and 15 Aug by randomly selecting 50 leaves per replicate, or 200 leaves per treatment, and examining them for presence of GLH nymphs. Harvest fruit evaluations were made on 30 Sep by randomly selecting 25 grape clusters per replicate, or 200 per treatment, and counting the number of clusters with damage from GBM larvae.
Yellow Spider Mite Control, 1996
Authors: Tanigoshi L. K. , Chamberlain J. D. , Murray T. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Six acaricide treatments were evaluated for control of a summer population of YSM in Mt. Vernon, WA on a 6-yr-old ‘Tulameen’ planting. Treatments were replicated 4 times on 9 X 30 ft plots arranged in a RCB design. Sprays were applied on 15 Aug with a tractor-mounted (PTO) plot sprayer equipped with 6, 5 gal capacity stainless steel tanks individually valved to an over-the-row boom. The boom was equipped with 13 D4-45 TeeJet nozzles operating at 200 psi to deliver 150 gpa at 2.5 mph. Female counts were periodically made by randomly collecting 20 terminal leaflets from both sides of the row and brushing them onto glass plates with a mite-brushing machine.
Yellow Spider Mite Control on Red Raspberry, 1996
Authors: Tanigoshi L. K. , Chamberlain J. D. , Murray T. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Six acaricide treatments were evaluated for control of a summer population of YSM in Mt. Vernon, WA on a 6-yr-old ‘Meeker’ planting. Treatments were replicated 4 times on 9 X 30 ft plots arranged in a RCB design. Sprays were applied on 15 Aug with a tractor-mounted (PTO) plot sprayer equipped with 6, 5 gal capacity stainless steel tanks individually valved to an over-the-row boom. The boom was equipped with 13 D4-45 TeeJet nozzles operating at 200 psi to deliver 150 gpa at 2.5 mph. Female counts were periodically made by randomly collecting 20 terminal leaflets from both sides of the row and brushing them onto glass plates with a mite-brushing machine and counting mites.
Insecticidal Control of Fall Armyworm, Corn Earworm, and Corn Silkfly on Sweetcorn, 1997
Authors: Stansly P. A. , Conner J. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Six raised beds, 32 inches wide and 240 ft long on 6 ft centers, were prepared in a semiclosed subirrigated field: They were fumigated with 67/33% methyl bro-mide/chloropicrin at 220 lbs/acre, fertilized with a bottom mix of 700 lb/acre 5-16-8 and 250 lb/acre at 19-0-19 lb/acre top mix laid in 2 bands 4 inches in from the edge on each side of the bed and covered with black polyethylene mulch. An additional 40 lb of N/acre of 6-2-6 was injected on 16 May. Beds were divided into two, 3-row sets separated by a 15-ft roadway. The center row of each 3-row set was planted on 10 Mar to provide pest inoculum. The remaining 4 rows were each divided into 5 single row plots in a RCB design with 4 replications and planted 23 Apr by hand at 10 inch spacing. Five weekly applications were initiated 20 May using a high clearance sprayer equipped with 2 overhead nozzles fitted with ceramic Albuz “yellow” hollow cone noz-zles per row with delivery pressure of 200 psi at a rate of 22 gpa. A pre-treatment sample of 100 plants per block and 60 ears per inoculum row on 16 May showed that 24% plants were damaged (primarily by FAW) and 85% ears had CEW and 33% FAW. Foliar damage was evaluated weekly for 3 weeks on 20 randomly selected plants per plot after the initiation of the treatments. Damage was assessed as a percentage of the total loss from the top three leaves in the whorl. The number and size (in 3 categories) of larvae in each whorl was noted. Ears were harvested on 20 and 26 Jun from the same 20 plants in the center of each plot. Ears were evaluated for marketability noting total weight of ears in each category. Nonmarketable ears were further examined and any larvae present identified to species.