bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Azithromycin Causes a Novel Proarrhythmic Syndrome
Authors: Yang Zhenjiang , Prinsen Joseph K. , Bersell Kevin R. , Shen Wangzhen , Yermalitskaya Liudmila , Sidorova Tatiana , Luis Paula B. , Hall Lynn , Zhang Wei , Du Liping , Milne Ginger , Tucker Patrick , George Alfred L. , Campbell Courtney M. , Pickett Robert A. , Shaffer Christian M. , Chopra Nagesh , Yang Tao , Knollmann Bjorn C. , Roden Dan M. , Murray Katherine T. 
Published: April 2017

Background—
The widely used macrolide antibiotic azithromycin increases risk of cardiovascular and sudden cardiac death, although the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Case reports, including the one we document here, demonstrate that azithromycin can cause rapid, polymorphic ventricular tachycardia in the absence of QT prolongation, indicating a novel proarrhythmic syndrome. We investigated the electrophysiological effects of azithromycin in vivo and in vitro using mice, cardiomyocytes, and human ion channels heterologously expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells.

Methods and Results—

In conscious telemetered mice, acute intraperitoneal and oral administration of azithromycin caused effects consistent with multi-ion channel block, with significant sinus slowing and increased PR, QRS, QT, and QTc intervals, as seen with azithromycin overdose. Similarly, in HL-1 cardiomyocytes, the drug slowed sinus automaticity, reduced phase 0 upstroke slope, and prolonged action potential duration. Acute exposure to azithromycin reduced peak SCN5A currents in HEK cells (IC
50
=110±3 μmol/L) and Na
+
current in mouse ventricular myocytes. However, with chronic (24 hour) exposure, azithromycin caused a ≈2-fold increase in both peak and late SCN5A currents, with findings confirmed for I
Na
in cardiomyocytes. Mild block occurred for K
+
currents representing I
Kr
(CHO cells expressing hERG; IC
50
=219±21 μmol/L) and I
Ks
(CHO cells expressing KCNQ1+KCNE1; IC
50
=184±12 μmol/L), whereas azithromycin suppressed L-type Ca
++
currents (rabbit ventricular myocytes, IC
50
=66.5±4 μmol/L) and I
K1
(HEK cells expressing Kir2.1, IC
50
=44±3 μmol/L).

Conclusions—

Chronic exposure to azithromycin increases cardiac Na
+
current to promote intracellular Na
+
loading, providing a potential mechanistic basis for the novel form of proarrhythmia seen with this macrolide antibiotic.
Sex-Specific Comparative Effectiveness of Oral Anticoagulants in Elderly Patients With Newly Diagnosed Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Palamaner Subash Shantha Ghanshyam , Bhave Prashant D. , Girotra Saket , Hodgson-Zingman Denice , Mazur Alexander , Giudici Michael , Chrischilles Elizabeth , Vaughan Sarrazin Mary S. 
Published: April 2017

Background—
Sex-specific comparative effectiveness of direct oral anticoagulants among patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation is not known. Via this retrospective cohort study, we assessed the sex-specific, comparative effectiveness of direct oral anticoagulants (rivaroxaban and dabigatran), compared to each other and to warfarin among patients with atrial fibrillation.

Methods and Results—

Elderly (aged ≥66 years) Medicare beneficiaries enrolled in Medicare Part D benefit plan from November 2011 to October 2013 with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation formed the study cohort (65 734 [44.8%] men and 81 137 [55.2%] women). Primary outcomes of inpatient admissions for ischemic strokes and major bleeding were compared across the 3 drugs (rivaroxaban: 20 mg QD, dabigatran: 150 mg BID, or warfarin) using 3-way propensity-matched samples. In men, rivaroxaban use decreased stroke risk when compared with warfarin use (hazard ratio, 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.48–0.99;
P
=0.048) and dabigatran use (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% confidence interval, 0.45–0.96;
P
=0.029) and was associated with a similar risk of any major bleeding when compared with warfarin and dabigatran. In women, although ischemic stroke risk was similar in the 3 anticoagulant groups, rivaroxaban use significantly increased the risk for any major bleeding when compared with warfarin (hazard ratio, 1.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.42;
P
=0.021) and dabigatran (hazard ratio, 1.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.09–1.48;
P
=0.011).

Conclusions—
The reduced risk of ischemic stroke in patients taking rivaroxaban, compared with dabigatran and warfarin, seems to be limited to men, whereas the higher risk of bleeding seems to be limited to women.
Arab Nationalism(s): Rise and Decline of an Ideology
Authors: Manduchi Patrizia 
Published: April 2017

When speaking about Arab nationalism, at least three phenomena, only partially distinct from one another, must be identified: Arabism, Pan-Arabism and Nationalisms on a local basis.The first is Arabism (ʿurūbah, being Arab) in the sense of belonging to the same world, in a single context from Morocco to Iraq, that emerged in Egypt and Near East in the last decades of thexixcentury. From this cultural awareness of an Arab identity, the Pan-Arabism (qawmiyyah ʿarabiyyah) developed in the interwars period, but especially after the Second World War. Finally, with the acquired national Arab independences, Nationalism emerged on a local basis, and took the name ofwaṭaniyyah.The debate has never closed and all the major questions are still open: if an Arab nation (and therefore an Arab nationalism) has ever existed; if we can talk about a Pan-Arab nationalism once local based nationalisms emerged; which are the ideological principles of Arab Nationalism that are not uncritically assimilated from outside; finally, how and why the nationalistic ideologies have suffered an heavy crisis in front of the impressive rise of contemporary radical Islamism after the Seventies.Finally, if the figure of the global jihadist, not tied to this or that national cause but fighting anywhere you have to fight aǧihādin the way of God, is the antithesis of the militant of nationalistic movements, for his absolute disregard for any cause that can be defined national. The goal is the creation of an Islamic State, no matter how utopian this project is, not based on the concept of nation but on that ofummah. It’s the phase of the “après panarabisme”: the myth of cohesion from the Gulf to the Atlantic no longer enchants Arab people and Arab States, and the era of Nasser and the Ba‘athist dream has finally ended.
Vertebral bone marrow diffusivity in normal adults with varying bone densities at 3T diffusion-weighted imaging
Authors: He Jie , Fang Hao , na Li Xiao 
Published: April 2017

Background There has been controversy surrounding the relationship between diffusivity and bone mineral density (BMD) in vertebral bone marrow. Moreover, sex-related differences of vertebral bone marrow diffusivity in relation to varying bone densities have not yet been evaluated. Purpose To prospectively investigate the role of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in assessing vertebral marrow changes in normal adults with varying bone densities. Material and Methods A total of 124 normal adult volunteers were enrolled in this study. Sagittal magnetic resonance (MR) DWI of the lumbar spine was performed. The ADC values of vertebral bone marrow were measured. Volumetric BMD measurement was performed by quantitative computed tomography (QCT) using Mindways QCT analysis software. All participants were divided into three groups according to BMD (normal, osteopenia, osteoporosis). The differences of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the three groups was compared, and partial correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between ADC values and BMD. Results ADC values decreased as BMD decreased in female participants. When compared with the normal bone density group, ADC values were signiﬁcantly decreased in the osteoporotic group and in the osteopenic group of female participants. ADC values of female participants were signiﬁcantly higher than of male participants in the normal bone density group ( P < 0.001). ADC values correlated positively with BMD values (r = 0.307, P = 0.016) for female participants. Conclusion The diffusivity in vertebral bone marrow with varying bone densities differed by sex. ADC values correlated positively with BMD in women. DWI can quantitively evaluate osteoporosis in women.
Serological biomarkers as risk factors of SLE-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang J , Qian J , Wang Y , Zhao J , Wang Q , Tian Z , Li M , Zeng X 
Published: April 2017

Objective This article aims to determine the serological biomarkers which can be considered as risk factors of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension by a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods This study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement. The search database included MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Scopus. The Newcastle–Ottawa scale was used for the quality assessment. The odds ratio was the primary measure of effect of the risk factors. Results Twelve studies were included in this meta-analysis. The results identified the anti-RNP antibody and anti-Sm antibody as risk factors for SLE-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension with the pooled odds ratios 3.68 (95% confidence interval 2.04–6.63, P < 0.0001) and 1.71 (95% confidence interval 1.06–2.76, P = 0.03), respectively. Conclusion Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a serious complication of SLE with a worse prognosis than SLE patients without pulmonary arterial hypertension. The early recognition of pulmonary arterial hypertension with transthoracic echocardiography routinely performed in SLE patients with risk factors is necessary, especially in Asian patients.
Clinical correlation with failure of endovenous therapy for leg swelling
Authors: Alsheekh Ahmad , Hingorani Anil , Marks Natalie , Ostrozhynskyy Yuriy , Ascher Enrico 
Published: April 2017

Background The development and use of minimally invasive procedures provide improved options for the management of symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency. While many patients with iliac venous occlusive disease and superficial venous insufficiency improve with combined iliac venous stenting and correction of superficial venous reflux, some patients have symptoms which persist. The goal of this study was to identify clinical factors related to persistent symptoms in patients with leg swelling after treatment of both iliac vein stenting and thermal ablation. Methods This observational study analyzed data for patients who underwent both iliac vein stent placement as well as endovenous ablation (either RFA or EVLT) as a management for chronic venous insufficiency between February 2012 and February 2014. Follow-up was performed after completion of both procedures and inquiring for improvement of swelling. Statistical analysis performed using Chi-square and student's t-test. Results Of the total 173 patients who underwent both endovenous closure and iliac vein stent placements, 55 (31.8%) patients were men; 29 (16%) patients stated they had no improvement after these procedures. The average age of patients who did not improve was 68.8 (±16.7 SD) years and 66.2 (±13.3 SD) years for patients who improved. Over all, the classification of the presenting symptoms by CEAP classification demonstrated 25.4%, 53.2%, 5.8%, and 15.6%, for C3–C6, respectively. There was no correlation with failure to improve the swelling with: age ( P = .44), gender ( P = .33), presenting symptom ( P = .67), use of calcium channel blockers ( P = .85), nitroglycerin ( P = .86), Plavix ( P = .07), aspirin ( P = .55), Synthyroid ( P = .55), Coumadin ( P = .14), angiotensin receptor blocker ( P = .81), β Blockers ( P = .61), angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors ( P = .88), furosemide 40 mg ( P = .74), hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg ( P = .07), hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg ( P = .48), and EVLT vs. RFA ( P = .91). The use of furosemide (20 mg) was associated with continued swelling ( P = .01). The use of dual diuretics (furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide) was associated with persistent swelling even after these combined endovenous procedures P = .03). Conclusion These preliminary data suggest that the treatment with diuretics may be associated with failure to relieve lower extremity swelling despite combined endovascular therapy for chronic venous insufficiency.
Genomic architecture and treatment outcome in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia: a Children’s Oncology Group report
Authors: Vujkovic Marijana , Attiyeh Edward F. , Ries Rhonda E. , Goodman Elizabeth K. , Ding Yang , Kavcic Marko , Alonzo Todd A. , Wang Yi-Cheng , Gerbing Robert B. , Sung Lillian , Hirsch Betsy , Raimondi Susana , Gamis Alan S. , Meshinchi Soheil , Aplenc Richard 
Published: April 2017

Key Points
Pediatric patients with de novo AML on average acquire 1.14 somatic CNAs in a study sample of 446 patients. The presence of CNAs is significantly associated with survival in standard-risk patients.
Treatment with high-dose n-3 PUFAs has no effect on platelet function, coagulation, metabolic status or inflammation in patients with atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Poreba Malgorzata , Mostowik Magdalena , Siniarski Aleksander , Golebiowska-Wiatrak Renata , Malinowski Krzysztof Piotr , Haberka Maciej , Konduracka Ewa , Nessler Jadwiga , Undas Anetta , Gajos Grzegorz 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Background
Despite numerous studies on cardioprotective effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), there is limited evidence for n-3 PUFA-mediated effects, especially at its higher dose, on cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes (DM2) and established atherosclerosis.

Purpose
To investigate the effect of daily treatment with a higher dose (2 g) of n-3 PUFAs on platelet function, coagulation parameters, fibrin clot properties, markers of systemic inflammation and metabolic status, in patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease and DM2 who receive optimal medical therapy.

Methods
We conducted a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-center study, in which thrombin generation (plasma thrombogenic potential from automated thrombogram), fibrin clot properties (plasma fibrin clot permeability; lysis time), platelet aggregation (light transmission aggregometry with adenosine diphosphate and arachidonic acid used as agonists), HbA1c, insulin level, lipid profiles, leptin and adiponectin levels, as well as markers of systemic inflammation (i.e., hsCRP, IL-6, TNF-α, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and myeloperoxidase) were determined at baseline and at 3 months after treatment with 2 g/day of n-3 PUFAs (n = 36) or placebo (n = 38). Moreover, we assessed serum fatty acids of the phospholipid fraction by gas chromatography both at baseline and at the end of the study.

Results
Majority of patients were treated with optimal medical therapy and achieved recommended treatment targets. Despite higher serum levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (by 204%; p < 0.001) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (by 62%; p < 0.0001) in n-3 PUFA group at the end of treatment no changes in platelet aggregation, thrombin generation, fibrin clot properties or markers of systemic inflammation were observed. No intergroup differences in the insulin, HbA1c and lipid levels were found at the end of the study. There was no change in adiponectin and leptin in interventional group, however leptin increased in control group (p = 0.01), therefore after study period leptin levels were lower in the interventional group (p = 0.01). Additionally, resolvin D1 did not differ between interventional and control group.

Conclusions
In conclusion, our study demonstrated that in patients with long-standing, well-controlled DM2 and atherosclerotic disease the treatment with a high dose of n-3 PUFAs (namely, 1 g/day of EPA and 1 g/day of DHA for 3 months) does not improve coagulation, metabolic, and inflammatory status when measured with the specified tests.
The study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov; identifier: NCT02178501. Registration date: April 12, 2014
Typification of the name of the Afrotropical sycomore figFicus sycomorus(Moraceae), and nomenclatural remarks on its synonyms
Authors: Ferrer-Gallego P. Pablo , Boisset Fernando 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe typification of the name of the Linnaean sycomore figFicus sycomorussubsp.sycomorus(Moraceae) is discussed. The name is lectotypified using an original illustration from Mattioli’sDe plantis epitome utilissima, and an epitype is also selected. The types of the nameF. sycomorussubsp.gnaphalocarpaand several synonyms are nomenclaturally revised.
Phylogeny ofNajas(Hydrocharitaceae) revisited: Implications for systematics and evolution
Authors: Ito Yu , Tanaka Norio , Gale Stephan W. , Yano Okihito , Li Jie 
Published: April 2017

AbstractNajas(Hydrocharitaceae) is a cosmopolitan genus of 30‐40 species of aquatic plants. While an infrageneric subdivision into two subgenera is generally accepted, various sectional classifications proposed in subg.Cauliniahave been controversial. Earlier analyses identified tropical Asia, which harbors more than one‐third of all species, as the area of origin for the genus, but this inference requires re‐evaluation using worldwide taxon sampling. Polyploidy has been widely observed in the genus but its correlation with phylogeny has yet to be explored. Here we applied a molecular phylogenetic approach using balanced taxon sampling (1) to test infrageneric classifications, (2) to re‐assess biogeographic origin, and (3) to explore whether and how polyploidy characterizes evolutionary lineages. Our analyses of plastid and nuclear (ITS) DNA datasets produce largely congruent results that recover the two subgenera but find little support for most sectional classifications. To overcome this shortfall, we propose a new sectional classification of subg.Caulinia.The previously inferred tropical Asian origin of the genus is rejected and, instead, North America is discerned as the ancestral area, implicating dispersal of the most recent common ancestor ofNajasand its sister genera in Hydrocharitaceae from tropical Asia. Based on chromosome counts confirmed in the present study and those compiled from literature, the role of polyploidization in the evolution ofNajasis shown to be relatively limited, in contrast to the extreme infraspecific chromosome variation previously reported.
Producing a plant diversity portal for South Africa
Authors: le Roux M. Marianne , Wilkin Paul , Balkwill Kevin , Boatwright J. Stephen , Bytebier Benny , Filer Denis , Klak Cornelia , Klopper Ronell R. , Koekemoer Marinda , Livermore Laurence , Lubke Roy , Magee Anthony R. , Manning John C. , Paton Alan , Pearce Tim , Slingsby Jasper , van Wyk Ben-Erik , Victor Janine E. , von Staden Lize 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTaxonomy provides a universal method to classify biodiversity at different scales locally and globally. Currently, existing taxonomic treatments are scattered, limiting their accessibility and utility. The Convention on Biological Diversity has responded to this challenge by setting the goal of compiling a World Flora Online (Global Strategy for Plant Conservation Target 1, 2011–2020). This can be done by aggregating electronically available information provided by each country, region or specialist group. Developing a Flora or a high‐level monographic product requires time and input from a large pool of taxonomic specialists. Completing a Flora may be difficult to accomplish for phytodiverse countries, such as South Africa, if the 2020 target is to be met. Fortunately, a large number of taxonomic contributions and many electronic tools exist that can enhance progress. Where these are available, efforts have to be made to access and digitise the literature. Here we describe a pragmatic approach to developing an online Flora, involving taking floristic information from multiple, previously published sources, digitising the legacy literature where needed and aggregating the required information into a single portal. South Africa is committed to producing an online Flora (the e‐Flora of South Africa) and contributing the information to the World Flora Online initiative following the aggregator portal approach, a method described here that might be useful for other countries with high phytodiversity.
Care assistants' experiences of an ethics-in-care simulation project: letters to a friend
Authors: Gallagher Ann , Leng Jane 
Published: April 2017

As part of an ethics education project, residential care staff took on the profile of an older person receiving care. The simulation experience took place over 24 hours, with care delivered by student nurses in a university skills suite. Some 6 weeks after the simulation experience, participants came together to reflect on their experience. They were invited to write a letter to a colleague describing their feelings and the impact of the simulation experience. Some 14 letters were analysed thematically. The sub-themes that emerged related to: experiencing vulnerability; loss of control through dependency; understanding the little things; and the impact on everyday care. We conclude that care assistants' reflections are in keeping with insights from care ethics and that more such ethics education should be available.
Aktivitäten des DBV-Landesverbandes für ein Niedersächsisches Bibliotheksgesetz
Authors: Roeder Corinna 
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung:
Der Artikel schildert die Lobbyarbeit des Landesverbandes Niedersachsen im DBV für ein niedersächsisches Bibliotheksgesetz seit 2006 und stellt den 2010 verfassten Gesetzesentwurf des Landesverbandes kurz vor.
„Und täglich grüßt das Urheberrecht“
Authors: Beger Gabriele 
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung:
Wer wissen möchte, was und wie nach § 52a UrhG an urheberrechtlich geschützten Werken genutzt werden darf, oder eine Antwort auf die Frage erwartet, wann Öffentliche Bibliotheken E-Books wie gedruckte Bücher ausleihen dürfen, wird in diesem Beitrag nur die halbe Antwort finden. Grund dafür ist, dass genau zu diesen Fragen im politischen Raum Entscheidungen anstehen, so dass die Aktualität der Antworten beim Erscheinen dieses Beitrages längst überholt sein könnte. Aber der Reihe nach:
Die Bernensia-Bibliothek der Universitätsbibliothek Bern – Konzept und Aufstellung eines neuen regionalen Angebots
Authors: Hayoz Thomas , Kirgus Isabelle 
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung:
Im Zuge der Wiedereröffnung der ältesten öffentlichen Bibliothek der Stadt Bern, der heutigen Bibliothek Münstergasse, im Jahr 2016 wurde erstmals ein Präsenzangebot mit regionalen Publikationen realisiert. Die sogenannte Bernensia-Bibliothek versammelt Titel aus verschiedenen kantonal-bernischen Themenbereichen, die nach einer eigens kreierten Systematik aufgestellt sind. Mit Hilfe des physischen Webs kann von der Bernensia-Bibliothek ausgehend das komplementäre Online-Angebot zu Berner Themen angesteuert werden.
The consequences of being on the agenda: The effect of media and public attention on firms’ stock market performance
Authors: van der Meer Toni G. L. A. , Vliegenthart Rens 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This study applies agenda setting theory to understand how firms’ financial performance is affected by both the news media
and the public agenda. Using content and time-series analysis for the data of five Dutch firms (period 2009−2013), we demonstrate
that media attention (newspaper coverage) and public attention (GoogleTrends search) for a firm affect stock market ratings.
As hypothesized, the effect of media attention was found to be negative whereas the effect of public attention was positive.