bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE KENNICUTT–SCHMIDT RELATION IN EXTREMELY METAL-POOR DWARF GALAXIES
Authors: Filho M. E. , Almeida J. Sánchez , Amorín R. , Muñoz-Tuñón C. , Elmegreen B. G. , Elmegreen D. M. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
The Kennicutt–Schmidt (KS) relation between the gas mass and star formation rate (SFR) describes the star formation regulation in disk galaxies. It is a function of gas metallicity, but the low-metallicity regime of the KS diagram is poorly sampled. We have analyzed data for a representative set of extremely metal-poor galaxies (XMPs), as well as auxiliary data, and compared these to empirical and theoretical predictions. The majority of the XMPs possess high specific SFRs, similar to high-redshift star-forming galaxies. On the KS plot, the XMP H i data occupy the same region as dwarfs and extend the relation for low surface brightness galaxies. Considering the H i gas alone, a considerable fraction of the XMPs already fall off the KS law. Significant quantities of “dark” H2 mass (i.e., not traced by CO) would imply that XMPs possess low star formation efficiencies (SFEgas). Low SFEgas in XMPs may be the result of the metal-poor nature of the H i gas. Alternatively, the H i reservoir may be largely inert, the star formation being dominated by cosmological accretion. Time lags between gas accretion and star formation may also reduce the apparent SFEgas, as may galaxy winds, which can expel most of the gas into the intergalactic medium. Hence, on global scales, XMPs could be H i-dominated, high-specific-SFR (≳10−10 yr−1), low-SFEgas (≲10−9 yr−1) systems, in which the total H i mass is likely not a good predictor of the total H2 mass, nor of the SFR.
RADIO DISAPPEARANCE OF THE MAGNETAR XTE J1810–197 AND CONTINUED X-RAY TIMING
Authors: Camilo F. , Ransom S. M. , Halpern J. P. , Alford J. A. J. , Cognard I. , Reynolds J. E. , Johnston S. , Sarkissian J. , van Straten W. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
We report on timing, flux density, and polarimetric observations of the transient magnetar and 5.54 s radio pulsar XTE J1810−197 using the Green Bank, Nançay, and Parkes radio telescopes beginning in early 2006, until its sudden disappearance as a radio source in late 2008. Repeated observations through 2016 have not detected radio pulsations again. The torque on the neutron star, as inferred from its rotation frequency derivative

, decreased in an unsteady manner by a factor of three in the first year of radio monitoring, until approximately mid-2007. By contrast, during its final year as a detectable radio source, the torque decreased steadily by only 9%. The period-averaged flux density, after decreasing by a factor of 20 during the first 10 months of radio monitoring, remained relatively steady in the next 22 months, at an average of 0.7 ± 0.3 mJy at 1.4 GHz, while still showing day-to-day fluctuations by factors of a few. There is evidence that during this last phase of radio activity the magnetar had a steep radio spectrum, in contrast to earlier flat-spectrum behavior. No secular decrease presaged its radio demise. During this time, the pulse profile continued to display large variations; polarimetry, including of a new profile component, indicates that the magnetic geometry remained consistent with that of earlier times. We supplement these results with X-ray timing of the pulsar from its outburst in 2003 up to 2014. For the first 4 years, XTE J1810−197 experienced non-monotonic excursions in frequency derivative by at least a factor of eight. But since 2007, its

has remained relatively stable near its minimum observed value. The only apparent event in the X-ray record that is possibly contemporaneous with the radio shutdown is a decrease of ≈20% in the hot-spot flux in 2008–2009, to a stable, minimum value. However, the permanence of the high-amplitude, thermal X-ray pulse, even after the (unexplained) radio demise, implies continuing magnetar activity.
First records of Pseudodoros nigricollis Becker (Diptera: Syrphidae) from Cyprus
Authors: van Eck André , Makris Christodoulos 
Published: March 2016

The hoverfly Pseudodoros nigricollis Becker, 1903 is a rarely collected species, of which information on its distribution and ecology is poorly understood.
In this paper the first records of the hoverfly Pseudodoros nigricollis from Cyprus are provided and discussed. The discovery indicates that this Afrotropical species is approaching the European continent. Short notes on the habitat in which it has been collected are provided. The relationship with the mealy plum aphid Hyalopterus pruni is discussed. Clues on further research are given.
Natality of Yearling Coyotes in West Virginia
Authors: Albers Geriann , Edwards John W. , Rogers Richard E. , Mastro Lauren L. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Minimal information is available regarding the reproduction of coyotes (Canis latrans) in the Mid-Atlantic region, which includes the states of Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia. Since reproductive information is useful to assess populations and determine management strategies and because this information is unavailable for the Mid-Atlantic, we examined uterine tracts of 66 female coyotes collected from February to May 2010 for fetuses. We measured fetuses using a digital caliper and approximated dates of conception and parturition. Nine (13.6%) female coyotes were pregnant with visible fetuses; seven of these females were yearlings (1.5–2.5 y old). Average litter size of yearling coyotes was 5.4 (SE = 0.48). We estimated an average conception date of 2 February and an average parturition date of 6 April. Conception and parturition dates were within the reported range for coyotes, though one female successfully bred in early January, which is earlier than reported in the literature. The relatively high proportion (30.4%) of yearling females breeding in West Virginia may reflect abundant food resources, low density of coyotes, increasing human-caused mortality, or a combination of these factors. Reproductive information reported here will be helpful in monitoring coyote population trends and in the assessment of management strategies.
Trauma Pancreático Penetrante Severo—Revisión Retrospectiva de Una Serie de Casos Manejados Con Una Estrategia Simplificada en un Centro de Trauma Nivel 1
Authors: Puyana Juan Carlos , Vernaza Cristina , Rodriguez Fernando , Herrera Juan Pablo 
Published: March 2016

RESUMEN

Introducción
El trauma de páncreas, tiene una baja incidencia tanto en heridas penetrantes como cerradas y se asocia a múltiples lesiones de órganos que determinan la severidad del trauma y el riesgo de morbilidad y mortalidad.

Objetivo
Describir las características de los pacientes con trauma pancreático penetrante atendidos en a Fundación Valle del Lili (FVL), analizar el tratamiento realizado y las posibles variables asociadas a la ocurrencia de complicaciones relacionadas con la lesión del páncreas y dicho tratamiento.

Materiales y métodos
Se hizo una revisión retrospectiva de las historias clínicas de los pacientes con trauma abdominal penetrante con lesión de páncreas, manejados completamente en la FVL entre 2000 y 2013, que sobrevivieron más de 48 horas. Se analizaron variables demográficas, de la severidad del trauma y del manejo, relacionadas con el desarrollo de fístula pancreática.

Resultados
Se identificaron 28 pacientes con mediana de edad 30 años, (RIQ 21–38). Ocho, (28%) ingresaron en shock (TAS <90 mm Hg).
La severidad anatómica medida por el PATI tuvo una mediana de 50 (RIQ 34,5–67,5). El número de órganos lesionados una mediana de 5 (RIQ 5–6).
21 pacientes (75%) tuvieron lesiones vasculares mayores o menores, 19 (68%) compromiso gástrico, 14 (50%) colónico, 12 (43%) hepático, 12 de intestino delgado, 12 vascular mayor y 11 (39%) duodenal. La severidad de la lesión pancreática tuvo una mediana de 3 con RIQ de 2 a 4.
El tratamiento de la lesión pancreática consistió en sutura en 12 casos (42.8%), resección distal en 8 (28.6%) o empaquetamiento en 8.
Se presentaron complicaciones locales en 23 pacientes (83%). Sepsis abdominal en 19 (68%), fístula pancreática en 8 (29%) y fístula intestinal en 6 (21%).
Cuatro pacientes (14%) murieron. Dos por sepsis y dos por falla multiorgánica. No se encontró asociación entre la severidad del trauma o los órganos lesionados y el riesgo de fístula. Solamente la sutura del páncreas se asoció con menor riesgo de la complicación.

Comentario
Presentamos una serie de pacientes con trauma pancreático penetrante con una alta prevalencia de lesiones asociadas graves que determinaron una morbilidad considerable, a pesar de lo cual la mortalidad fue reducida. La sutura de la lesión pancreática se asoció con menor riesgo de fístula.

How to cite this article
Rodriguez F, García A, Ordoñez C, Vernaza C, Herrera JP, Puyana JC. Trauma Pancreático Penetrante Severo—Revisión Retrospectiva de Una Serie de Casos Manejados Con Una Estrategia Simplificada en un Centro de Trauma Nivel 1. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2015;4(3):147-154.
La Educación Entre Pares Como Estrategia Para Prevenir Accidentes de Tránsito en Motociclistas de la Facultad de Ciencias Para la Salud de la Universidad de Caldas
Authors: González-Rico Helberth Augusto , Urrea Bryan S , Puentes-Manosalva Fabián E 
Published: March 2016

RESUMEN

Introducción y objetivos
En Manizales los motociclistas han resultado los mayores contraventores de normas de tránsito, viéndose involucrados en 5 de cada 10 accidentes y responsables de casi el 50% de los muertos en choques. Con el proyecto ‘enciende tu vida’ buscamos concientizar a la población en torno a esta problemática y prevenir los accidentes que involucran jóvenes motociclistas, en primer lugar en la población universitaria de la Facultad de Ciencias para la Salud de la Universidad de Caldas, usando la educación entre pares como principal estrategia, generando en ellos empoderamiento como agentes multiplicadores.

Materiales y métodos
Se llevaron a cabo actividades de sensibilización y educación a cerca de 150 motociclistas, divididas en tres etapas que incluían impacto audiovisual, autoevaluación y reconocimiento de conductas al conducir motocicleta, educación entre pares en torno a las características del buen y mal motociclista, así como conocimiento de señales de tránsito. Todas las actividades se apoyaron de folletos, calcomanías, manillas, encuestas, y cubrimiento periodístico. Los datos fueron tabulados y procesados con EpiInfo™. Se implementará esta estrategia en otras ciudades y facultades del país a través de los distintos capítulos de la Asociación Colombiana Médica Estudiantil.

Resultados
El 71,2% de los motociclistas encuestados, consideraba que tenía prácticas inadecuadas al conducir. Así mismo, el 80,3% reconoció que la educación a motociclistas es la mejor estrategia para prevenir accidentes de tránsito, considerando que desde que se implementó la educación entre pares dentro del campus, el desempeño de la mayoría de ellos (72,7%) será más seguro, estando en capacidad de transmitir recomendaciones a otros motociclistas.

Conclusiones
La Educación entre pares es una estrategia útil y efectiva en motociclistas universitarios al hablar de seguridad vial, bajo la premisa de que éstos serán más propensos a escuchar y responder positivamente a la información suministrada cuando viene de sus pares, como lo sería otro estudiante universitario.

How to cite this article
González-Rico HA, Urrea BS, Puentes-Manosalva FE. La Educación Entre Pares Como Estrategia Para Prevenir Accidentes de Tránsito en Motociclistas de la Facultad de Ciencias Para la Salud de la Universidad de Caldas. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2015;4(3): 155-164.
Osteopathic Medical Education and Social Accountability
Authors: Phillips-Madson Robyn , Dharamsi Shafik 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The public’s trust in physicians continues to decline. As a way to begin regaining this trust, stakeholders, including physicians, medical educators, patient advocacy groups, and community-based organizations, have called for medical education to meet societal health needs, particularly the needs of those members who are most vulnerable, by incorporating social accountability into the medical school curriculum. The unique attributes of the osteopath-ic medical profession provide an enabling and conducive environment for broader social accountability in the health care system. Osteopathic medical schools must actively safeguard the profession’s unequivocal commitment to producing healers that are fiduciaries for their patients, communities, and populations at large.
Advising Needs of Osteopathic Medical Students Preparing for the Match
Authors: Speicher Mark R. , Pradhan Satej R. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Context: Concern over the number of residency positions available to graduating osteopathic medical students has led to calls for better advising, but there is little research on the relationship between student advising and successful matching.

Objectives: To determine the satisfaction of graduating osteopathic medical students with their residency match advising, and to compare advising satisfaction with residency match results.

Methods: A 30-item survey was developed for students preparing for the residency match. The survey was e-mailed to fourth-year osteopathic medical students at Midwestern University/Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine in February 2015, before the National Matching Services match and the National Resident Matching Program match.

Results: Of the 242 surveys sent, 95 were received and 90 (37%) contained sufficient information for analysis. Of the 90 respondents, 41 (45%) agreed with the statement “My advising needs were adequately met,” and 32 (36%) disagreed. Pearson product moment correlations revealed that having one’s advising needs met was correlated to having clear career goals (r=0.44, n=77; P<.001), having a match strategy (r=0.40, n=78; P<.001), having confidence in one’s qualifications for his or her top choice (r=0.40, n=81; P<.001), and matching to the top choice specialty (r=0.37, n=81; P=.001) and program (r=0.27, n=81; P=.016).

Conclusions: A range of advising resources was shown to be effective for most students during the residency match. Further research is needed to determine whether different advising methods for different academically performing groups or different demographic groups will increase students’ ability to successfully match.
Effects of Low‐Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on Implant Osseointegration in Ovariectomized Rats
Authors: Zhou Hongbo , Hou Yongfu , Zhu Zhimin , Xiao Weixiong , Xu Qian , Li Lei , Li Xin , Chen Wenchuan 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound (US) on peri‐implant bone healing and osseointegration under osteoporotic conditions.MethodsSeventy‐two 12‐week‐old female Sprague Dawley rats received bilateral ovariectomies. Twelve weeks later, titanium implants were bilaterally placed in the proximal tibial metaphysis. The right tibia was exposed to low‐intensity pulsed US (40 mW/cm2, spatial and temporal average) for 20 min/d starting the 2nd day after implantation, and the left tibia served as a control without stimulation. The rats were randomly assigned to 6 groups of 12 each according to the US duration (group 1: weeks 0–2, 280 minutes; group 2: weeks 0–4, 560 minutes; group 3: weeks 0–6, 840 minutes; group 4: weeks 0–8, 1120 minutes; group 5: weeks 0–10, 1400 minutes; group 6: weeks 0–12, 1680 minutes). At the end of the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th, and 12th weeks, the rats were euthanized, and bilateral tibias were harvested. Peri‐implant bone volume and bone‐implant contact were assessed by micro–computed tomography; the implant‐bone interface was assessed histologically; and implant fixation strength was determined by a removal torque test.ResultsLow‐intensity pulsed US increased bone‐implant contact at the 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th, and 12th weeks (P = .019, .017, <.001, <.001, and <.001, respectively) and peri‐implant bone volume at all times (P = <.001, .002, .012, .007, .005, and .010). Removal torque on the US side was improved at the 6th, 8th, 10th, and 12th weeks (P= .012, <.001, .006, and .009). Ultrasound evoked a favorable bone response in the histologic study.ConclusionsLow‐intensity pulsed US might enhance new bone formation, especially at an early stage, and improve osseointegration in osteoporotic bone as an auxiliary method. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying its action.
First‐Trimester Echocardiographic Features and Perinatal Outcomes in Fetuses With Congenital Absence of the Aortic Valve
Authors: Yu Rong , Li Sheng-li , Luo Guo-yang , Wen Hua-xuan , Ouyang Shu-yuan , Chen Cong-ying , Yuan Ying 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to describe the echocardiographic features and perinatal outcomes of congenital absence of the aortic valve diagnosed by first‐trimester echocardiography.MethodsThis retrospective study assessed the feasibility of first‐trimester echocardiography in detecting absence of the aortic valve. All cases of absence of the aortic valve diagnosed by first‐trimester fetal echocardiography from January 2010 to December 2014 were identified at a single referral center using an established perinatal database. Demographic information, echocardiograms, perinatal outcomes, and autopsy reports were reviewed. Echocardiographic features were described.ResultsA total of 50,822 fetuses underwent first‐trimester echocardiography during the study period. Ten cases of congenital absence of the aortic valve were diagnosed, for an overall incidence rate of 0.019%. The earliest gestational age at diagnosis was 11 weeks 6 days. The mean crown‐lump length was 61.9 mm; mean gestational age was 12 weeks; and mean maternal body mass index ± SD was 21.2 ± 3.9 kg/m2. Nine fetuses had increased nuchal translucency ranging from 2.4 to 12.4 mm (mean ± SD, 6.4 ± 3.6 mm). Color Doppler flow imaging revealed biphasic bidirectional flow in the ascending aorta and aortic arch and reversed flow in the ductus venosus during atrial systole in all cases. Reversed diastolic flow was present in the umbilical arteries and thoracic aorta. All cases had complex cardiac malformations as well as extracardiac abnormalities.ConclusionsOur study confirms that absence of the aortic valve is a rare cardiac defect that can be diagnosed by first‐trimester fetal echocardiography. A “to‐and‐fro” flow pattern or biphasic bidirectional flow in the great arteries is a key echocardiographic feature in fetuses with absence of the aortic valve.
Prediction of High‐grade Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children Younger Than 2 Years Using Renal Sonography
Authors: You Sun Kyoung , Kim Jong Chun , Park Won Hong , Lee So Mi , Cho Hyun-Hae 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivesTo investigate the predictive value of renal sonography for vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and the efficacy of renal sonography, technetium Tc 99m–labeled dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scanning, and a combination of the two for VUR screening in children younger than 2 years with a first episode of febrile urinary tract infection.MethodsThirty‐eight patients younger than 2 years with a first febrile urinary tract infection were included in our study, which was conducted from April through October 2014. Each kidney was considered a separate renal unit. A retrospective review of clinical information and images (renal sonography, DMSA scanning, and voiding cystourethrography) was performed.ResultsOf the 14 renal units (18.4%) with VUR, 4 (28.5%) had high‐grade VUR. Among single findings, dilatation of the renal collecting system, wall thickening of the renal collecting system, and DMSA scans significantly predicted VUR (P= .038, .027, and .01, respectively). Dilatation was the most common single finding (46 of 76 renal units). The sensitivity values for dilatation, wall thickening, and DMSA scans were 85.7%, 64.2%, and 50.0%, and the negative predictive values were 93.3%, 89.7%, and 87.9%.ConclusionsThe negative predictive values indicate that normal renal sonographic and DMSA findings can predict the absence of high‐grade VUR. We propose that renal sonographic findings of wall thickening as well as dilatation of the renal collecting system should be considered predictive of high‐grade VUR.
Quantitative Evaluation for Differentiating Malignant and Benign Thyroid Nodules Using Histogram Analysis of Grayscale Sonograms
Authors: Nam Se Jin , Yoo Jaeheung , Lee Hye Sun , Kim Eun-Kyung , Moon Hee Jung , Yoon Jung Hyun , Kwak Jin Young 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivesTo evaluate the diagnostic value of histogram analysis using grayscale sonograms for differentiation of malignant and benign thyroid nodules.MethodsFrom July 2013 through October 2013, 579 nodules in 563 patients who had undergone ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration were included. For the grayscale histogram analysis, pixel echogenicity values in regions of interest were measured as 0 to 255 (0, black; 255, white) with in‐house software. Five parameters (mean, skewness, kurtosis, standard deviation, and entropy) were obtained for each thyroid nodule. With principal component analysis, an index was derived. Diagnostic performance rates for the 5 histogram parameters and the principal component analysis index were calculated.ResultsA total of 563 patients were included in the study (mean age ± SD, 50.3 ± 12.3 years;range, 15–79 years). Of the 579 nodules, 431 were benign, and 148 were malignant. Among the 5 parameters and the principal component analysis index, the standard deviation (75.546 ± 14.153 versus 62.761 ± 16.01; P < .001), kurtosis (3.898 ± 2.652 versus 6.251 ± 9.102; P < .001), entropy (0.16 ± 0.135 versus 0.239 ± 0.185; P < .001), and principal component analysis index (–0.386±0.774 versus 0.134 ± 0.889; P < .001) were significantly different between the malignant and benign nodules. With the calculated cutoff values, the areas under the curve were 0.681 (95% confidence interval, 0.643–0.721) for standard deviation, 0.661 (0.620–0.703) for principal component analysis index, 0.651 (0.607–0.691) for kurtosis, 0.638 (0.596–0.681) for entropy, and 0.606 (0.563–0.647) for skewness. The subjective analysis of grayscale sonograms by radiologists alone showed an area under the curve of 0.861 (0.833–0.888).ConclusionsGrayscale histogram analysis was feasible for differentiating malignant and benign thyroid nodules but did not show better diagnostic performance than subjective analysis performed by radiologists. Further technical advances will be needed to objectify interpretations of thyroid grayscale sonograms.