bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of electron and positron elastic scattering cross-sections of astro molecule H2S
Authors: Meena Sunil K , Purohit Ghanshyam 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The elastic, integrated, momentum transfer, viscosity, energy-dependent, and differential cross-sections and the Sherman function for electron and positron H2S scattering are reported at impact energies ranging from 1 eV to 1 MeV. The average orientations of the polar molecule H2S are considered, and the electron and positron elastic scattering cross-sections of H2S are typically calculated using single scattering-independent atom approximation. The relativistic Dirac equation is solved using the free atom optical potential, which includes the electrostatic interaction potential, exchange potential, correlation polarization potential, and imaginary absorption potential. The present computed cross-section results are compared with the available experimental and theoretical results, and a reasonable agreement is observed.
Cold atmospheric plasma activation of human gingival fibroblasts for improved wound healing
Authors: Silva Neusa , Marques Joana , Brito da Cruz Mariana , Luís Henrique , Mata António , Sério Susana 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Soft tissue regeneration plays a crucial role after oral surgery, as the successful healing of the soft tissue is a primary indicator of an efficacious intervention. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has recently emerged as a promising therapeutic modality, exhibiting notable effects on cell migration and proliferation. Despite its potential, the dental application of CAP remains underexplored. This in vitro study aims to elucidate the impact of CAP activated medium on human gingival fibroblast responses, for future wound healing strategies. The study was divided into four parts: initial characterization of the plasma Jet, assessment of cell concentration, exploration of treatment distance effects, and treatment time dynamics. Human gingival fibroblasts were exposed to complete DMEM medium (without sodium pyruvate) activated with CAP at treatment distances of 2, 5, 7, and 9 mm, and treatment times of 15, 60, 120, 180, and 300 s for 1, 2 and 3 d of culture. The cell viability was evaluated using resazurin-based method, while wound healing dynamics was assessed via the scratch assay technique using phase-contrast microscopy. The cell morphology was characterised through fluorescence microscopy using propidium iodide and phalloidin staining, complemented by scanning electron microscopy. The results revealed that treatment distances and exposure times can influence the cell behaviour depending on the cell concentration. For the selected concentration of 1 × 104 cells ml−1, a treatment distance of 9 mm appeared to enhance human gingival fibroblast viability compared to a treatment distance of 2 mm and the control group. The images revealed adherent cells with a pattern typical of fibroblasts. However, no differences were observed for exposure times of 15 s and 180 s. The observed results further evidence that the exposure of the medium to the CAP device promoted an increase in cell viability, proliferation, and attachment in human gingival fibroblasts.
Deciphering competing interactions of Kitaev-Heisenberg-Γ system in clusters: II. Dynamics of Majorana fermions
Authors: Moonsun Pervez Sheikh , Mandal Saptarshi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We perform a systematic and exact study of Majorana fermion dynamics in the Kitaev-Heisenberg-Γ model in a few finite-size clusters increasing in size up to twelve sites. We employ exact Jordan–Wigner transformations to evaluate certain measures of Majorana fermion correlation functions, which effectively capture matter and gauge Majorana fermion dynamics in different parameter regimes. An external magnetic field is shown to produce a profound effect on gauge fermion dynamics. Depending on certain non-zero choices of other non-Kitaev interactions, it can stabilise it to its non-interacting Kitaev limit. For all the parameter regimes, gauge fermions are seen to have slower dynamics, which could help build approximate decoupling schemes for appropriate mean-field theory. The probability of Majorana fermions returning to their original starting site shows that the Kitaev model in small clusters can be used as a test bed for the quantum speed limit.
Fast reconstruction 3D computed tomography image of stacked cell under faster scanning by dual-branch cross-fusion flat bottom network
Authors: Chao Long , Yin Hao , Wang Yi , Tan Chuandong , Chen Yusheng , Tan Hui , Duan Liming 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Cone beam computed tomography (CT) fast scanning and reconstruction is a key step to achieve rapid detection of internal defects in batteries. In this work, we have achieved a faster CT scanning just in 5 s by reducing the x-ray exposure time in sparse view CT. However, the CT data is extremely incomplete by faster scanning; the existing reconstruction methods are difficult to reconstruct a high quality three-dimensional (3D) CT image of stacked cells. To address this issue, we propose a 3D CT image reconstruction network, which can reconstruct higher quality CT images from low quality 3D volume data. The input data of the reconstruction network is not 2D projection data, but 3D volume data. In this network, a high and low resolution dual-branch cross-fusion flat bottom structure is designed. The high resolution flat bottom branch aims to preserve detailed information, while the low resolution flat bottom branch focuses on capturing more semantic information. Cross-fusion between these branches mitigates the loss of semantic details. Additionally, the auxiliary loss function, the main loss function, and the 3D attention module are designed to enhance semantic accuracy and the learning performance of the network. The 3D training data is collected under a fast scanning strategy spanning 5–60 s. During the training phase, we use clipping block technology to cut the 3D volume data, enabling direct training on the 3D volume data. Our experimental results demonstrate that our 3D reconstruction network outperforms mainstream algorithms under this faster scanning strategy, which is able to reconstruct higher quality 3D CT images just in 15 s. Ablation experiments confirm the positive impact of the dual-branch cross-fusion flat bottom structure, attention module, and loss functions on improving the quality of 3D CT images.
Finite element analysis and design of a magnetostrictive material based vibration energy harvester with a magnetic flux path
Authors: K Wahi Sajan , Gupta Devansh , Santapuri Sushma 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This work presents the development of a nonlinear 2D finite element (FE) framework for magnetostrictive material based energy harvesters of beam geometry. The FE model is developed in COMSOL Multiphysics and compared with existing literature for validation. The FE model is subsequently used to study the effect of a closed magnetic flux path, consisting of ferromagnetic components, on the harvester output. Specifically, the voltage output is obtained by performing simulations on unimorph type harvester devices with and without a closed magnetic flux path, both operating at the same natural frequency and volume of the magnetostrictive material Galfenol. The harvester design considered here consists of a magnetostrictive layer (Galfenol) bonded to a steel substrate layer, a tip mass, a pick-up coil and a magnetic flux path consisting of soft iron core and NdFeB permanent magnets. Our results demonstrate a voltage gain of around 70% for the closed flux path design. Furthermore, a proof of concept prototype of the modified flux path design is developed, tested under impulse loading, and the voltage, power output are compared with FE simulation results for validation. The simulation results match well with experimental observations at two operating frequencies for the flux path design.
Superconductor to metal quantum phase transition with magnetic field in Josephson coupled lead islands on Graphene
Authors: Gupta Suraina , Jana Santu Prasad , Pervin Rukshana , Gupta Anjan K 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Superconductor (SC)-to-metal transition with magnetic field and gate-voltage is studied in a Josephson junction array comprising of randomly distributed lead islands on exfoliated single-layer graphene. The superconductivity onset temperature at low magnetic fields is fitted to the Werthamer–Helfand–Hohenberg theory to model the temperature dependence of the upper critical field. The magnetoresistance in the intermediate temperature and field regime is described using thermally activated flux flow dictated by field dependent activation barrier. The barrier also depends on the gate voltage which dictates the inter-island Josephson coupling and disorder. The magnetoresistance near the upper critical field at low temperatures shows signatures of a gate dependent continuous quantum phase transition between SC and metal. The finite size scaling analysis shows that this transition belongs to the

(
2
+
1
)

D-XY universality class without disorder.
Introduction
Authors: Logins Artūrs , Vollet Jacques-Henri 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this introductory chapter, we provide an overview of the knowledge-first program in epistemology by introducing some of its central elements. We focus, in particular, on what we see as its three main theses. The first one is that knowledge cannot be reductively analyzed into more fundamental constituents, the second one is that knowledge is the most general factive mental state, and the third one is that knowledge can be used in illuminating explanations of other important epistemological notions (such as evidence, reason, justification, and belief). Next, we situate our volume in the actual context of debates and existing volumes. Finally, we introduce the chapters of the present volume.
Natural Curiosity
Authors: Nagel Jennifer 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Curiosity is an intrinsic desire for knowledge. This raises a puzzle about how unreflective animals can be curious. It is easy to understand how learning could be driven by factors such as hunger, but what proximal signal could guide animals towards knowledge itself? Recent work in reinforcement learning suggests that surprise functions as a reward signal for the curious animal. Reward for surprise can then be shown to amount to a desire for knowledge gain, where knowledge is a cognitive adaptation to reality. This adaptation results in a mental state whose stable existence depends essentially on the truth of its contents; that is, a factive mental state. Curious creatures benefit from an interaction between the prediction-error correction processes of basic learning and the active surprise-seeking force of their curiosity. This internally adversarial interaction accelerates knowledge gain in ways that are helpful for biological creatures in a complex natural world.
Depression and Pain
Authors: Miller-Matero Lisa R 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Individuals with chronic pain are at risk for experiencing psychiatric symptoms, including depression, and this relationship is likely bidirectional. As depressive symptoms worsen or improve, pain-related variables, including pain severity, pain interference, and pain catastrophizing respond similarly. As such, psychological interventions have been developed and tested that can target pain and depression simultaneously. Interventions that have garnered the most attention include cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), mindfulness, and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). In addition, those with co-occurring pain and depression are at greater risk for opioid misuse and opioid use disorder. More recent work has focused on using similar psychological strategies to improve opioid-related outcomes. There remain challenges in managing comorbid pain, depression, and opioid use, including interventions resulting in modest effect sizes, generalizability, and low uptake and engagement in psychological interventions. Potential solutions include tailoring treatments and offering interventions in medical settings or via telehealth.
Other Psychiatric Disorders, Psychosocial Factors, Sleep, and Pain
Authors: Bair Matthew J , Owen-Smith Ashli A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Chronic pain is frequently comorbid with psychiatric disorders and sleep disturbances. While depression has been the most extensively studied psychiatric comorbidity in people with chronic pain, there has been growing research on the comorbidity between chronic pain and anxiety disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia. Most studies show that comorbid psychiatric disorders are associated with more severe pain and worse pain-related outcomes. This chapter reviews the epidemiology of comorbid chronic pain and other psychiatric disorders including anxiety disorders, PTSD, BD, and schizophrenia. The chapter reviews the impact of these comorbidities on clinical outcomes, discuss clinical assessment of chronic pain in the context of psychiatric comorbidities, summarize data on sleep disturbances in people with chronic pain and psychiatric disorders, and highlight pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options. It discusses research gaps and future directions for the study of chronic pain and comorbid psychiatric disorders.
Defund the Police, Refund for Harmony
Authors: Lewis Colin J , Kling Jennifer 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Advocates for defunding police departments in the United States critique traditional policing methods as not only ineffective but also racist and oppressive. They call for funding alternative programs, such as quality healthcare, education, and other community vitalization initiatives, to address the social causes of crime. Sometimes, community policing is put forth as a possible middle ground between traditional policing and the Defund movement. Community policing, while promising, has serious theoretical and practical shortfalls as it is currently conceived. This chapter proposes bolstering community policing by scaffolding it at both the theoretical and practical levels with Confucian resources drawn from early Chinese and contemporary Taiwanese policing practices. This Confucian-inspired approach to policing reconciles community policing with the more radical aims of the Defund movement by tying policing practices to the promotion of true community flourishing.
Long-term health outcomes of young patients with low-complexity coronary disease: a weighted analysis according to revascularization strategy
Authors: Custódio Pedro , Garcez Luís , Madeira Sérgio , Magro Pedro , Vale Nelson , Madeira Márcio , Leal Sílvio , Nolasco Tiago , Brito João , Boshoff Sérgio , De Araújo Gonçalves Pedro , Marques Marta , Mesquita Gabriel Henrique , Calquinha João , Campante Teles Rui , Abecasis Miguel , Almeida Manuel , Sousa Uva Miguel , Mendes Miguel , Pedro Neves José , Raposo Luís 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Age is an important factor weighing on revascularization decisions. We analysed long-term health outcomes of young patients with low-complexity coronary anatomy suitable for both coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), according to revascularization strategy.

METHODS
Patients 60 years old or less, undergoing invasive coronary angiography between January 2007 and December 2015, presenting with proximal left anterior descending artery involvement, left main or multivessel disease and a SYNTAX Score ≤22 were retrospectively selected. An inverse probability of treatment weight methodology generated a pseudopopulation with well-balanced characteristics, which was used to estimate the average treatment effect between PCI (n = 374) and CABG (n = 173).

RESULTS
Mean age was 53 ± 7 years old, 27% had diabetes mellitus and 48% presented with an acute coronary syndrome. Mean SYNTAX score was 13.6 ± 4.9 and 68% underwent PCI as index revascularization strategy. In the weighed population, the adjusted hazard of the primary end-point of all-cause death at total follow-up (median 9.3 years; interquartile range 6.9–11.7) was 0.40 (95% confidence interval 0.19–0.7) for CABG vs PCI (incidence rate 5.8 vs 14.0 deaths/1000-person-years). Accounting for death as competing risk, the cumulative hazard of new revascularization (sub-distribution hazard ratio 0.72; 95% confidence interval 0.32–1.25) and any cause hospital readmission (sub-distribution hazard ratio 0.70; 95% confidence interval 0.41–1.07) were lower in CABG patients, as opposed to death/stroke rates at 30 days which were higher with CABG (0.3% vs 1.7%; risk ratio = 5.84).

CONCLUSIONS
In this quasi-experimental analysis of young patients with coronary artery disease and an equivalent indication for both PCI and CABG, long-term health outcomes were favourably associated with CABG, as compared to PCI. These observations support the need for dedicated randomized trials with longer follow-up in order to better inform lifetime treatment options.
Integrating Ethics in Public Health Guideline Development: Case Study of Guidelines on Respiratory Isolation for Persons With Tuberculosis in Community Settings
Authors: Kates Olivia S , Shah Maunank 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Public health interventions often involve explicit trade-offs in which the health of the many must be weighed against burdens imposed on individuals. We describe development of public health guidelines for respiratory isolation in community settings for persons with tuberculosis. While stopping the spread of disease is a core moral imperative in public health, the duty to prevent disease transmission does not supersede all other considerations. Community well-being must be balanced with individual well-being, liberty, and social justice. In response to these challenges, the National Tuberculosis Coalition of America's 2024 guidelines for persons with tuberculosis in community settings were developed using a modified GRADE approach supported by a complementary, comprehensive, and context-specific ethical framework. By addressing the distinct roles that evidence (subject to uncertainty), values, justificatory conditions, and procedural legitimacy all play in ethical guideline development, we promote rigor and transparency in the integration of ethics in public health guidelines.
Assessing Infectiousness and the Impact of Effective Treatment to Guide Isolation Recommendations for People With Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Nathavitharana Ruvandhi R , Pearl Abarna , Biewer Amanda , Tzelios Christie , Mase Sundari , Munsiff Sonal S , Nardell Edward 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Determining the extent and duration of infectiousness of people with pulmonary tuberculosis (PWPTB) is critical for various aspects of tuberculosis care, including decisions regarding isolation. Studies suggest considerable heterogeneity in infectiousness of PWPTB. Pretreatment, measures of bacillary burden, including sputum smear microscopy, culture time to positivity, and Xpert MTB/RIF cycle threshold (Ct) value, predict the risk of transmission to contacts. Index patients with smear-negative disease pose lower infectious risk than those who have smear-positive disease, and household contact infection is more likely with index patients who have lower Xpert Ct values. Newer tools that enable detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex from cough aerosol sampling and face mask sampling may be better predictors of contact infection risk. Clinical factors such as cough strength and frequency, and presence of cavitation on chest imaging, may also assist with risk prediction. Posttreatment, smear and culture status are poor predictors of infectiousness. While the exact duration of infectiousness post–treatment initiation remains uncertain, data from human-to-guinea pig transmission studies and clinical studies suggest that effective treatment results in a rapid decline in infectiousness, irrespective of smear or culture conversion. This is largely supported by early bactericidal activity and transcriptomic studies, as well as cough aerosol sampling studies, although a subset of patients may have persistent cough aerosol positivity. These findings can enable a more nuanced approach to isolation decision making while further research studies are awaited.
Concentrations of ceftazidime and avibactam in bile fluid—a prospective phase IIb study
Authors: Witowski Andrea , Palmowski Lars , Minichmayr Iris K , Zeitlinger Markus , Dorn Christoph , Lier Constantin , Adamzik Michael , Nowak Hartmuth , Rahmel Tim 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The rise in carbapenem-resistant bacteria and the limited number of effective antibiotics pose a major health-care threat. The combination of ceftazidime (CAZ) and avibactam (AVI) represents an approved treatment option for carbapenem-resistant intra-abdominal infections. However, data on the pharmacokinetic profile of AVI in the hepatobiliary compartment is lacking.

Objectives
To provide clinical in vivo data on the concentration of AVI in bile fluid as a surrogate for hepatobiliary excretion.

Methods
A single dose of 2000/500 mg CAZ/AVI was administered prolonged over 2 h to 10 patients prior to abdominal surgery, with bile samples available in nine patients in this phase IIb study (DRKS-ID: DRKS00023533). Antibiotic concentrations in plasma (0–8 h), bile (after resection) and pharmacodynamic parameters were determined.

Results
The mean concentration across individuals in bile was 33.5 mg/L (±20.5 mg/L) for CAZ and 7.1 mg/L (±3.5 mg/L) for AVI, resulting in bile/plasma ratios of 0.58 (±0.26) and 0.61 (±0.18). The Cmax in plasma was 87.2 mg/L (±25.0 mg/L) for CAZ and 18.6 mg/L (±6.29 mg/L) for AVI, with AUC0−∞ values of 351 h·mg/L (±104 h·mg/L) and 72.1 h·mg/L (±32.1 h·mg/L), respectively. Plasma concentrations of both CAZ and AVI remained more than 50% of the dosing interval above the minimum inhibitory concentrations (T&gt;MIC &gt; 50%; MICCAZ = 8 mg/L, MICAVI = 1 mg/L) in all patients. No antibiotic-associated side effects were reported during the 30-day follow-up.

Conclusions
The concentrations of CAZ and AVI in bile suggest their potential as a valuable therapeutic option for multi-resistant biliary infections.
Bildung and the moral topography of the self
Authors: Hilt Line Torbjørnsen , Halvorsen Øyvind Wiik 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The ideal of authenticity that developed in the Romantic era emphasized that both individuals and places find their own authentic process for cultivating their identity and humanity, a notion that has become controversial in modern philosophy. This article will explore the concepts of authenticity and place and discuss their relevance for Bildung theory today. Based on the works of Charles Taylor, we will argue that Bildung can be seen as constituted by and constitutive of language and moral spaces that go beyond the self and its individuality. In this view, Bildung can be understood as a ‘moral topography of the self’ with both substantial and procedural aspects. However, language and moral spaces (i.e. communities) can both enable and constrict our Bildung processes. Drawing on Rahel Jaeggi, we thus argue that alienation is an equally important concept to understand the complex and dialectical relationship between individuals and communities in our current moment.