bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract B12: Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 as a potential biomarker for racial disparity in prostate cancer
Authors: Karan Dev , Dubey Seema , Wick Jo , Tawfik Ossama , Sonpavde Guru , VanVeldhuizen Peter 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1) has drawn significant attention due to its association with the development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). Recent studies have projected MIC-1 as a potential biomarker for various disease conditions including PCa. Given evidence for more aggressive disease among African American (AA) men, we aimed to investigate if MIC-1 was differentially expressed among AA and Caucasian men. We measured serum MIC-1 levels by sandwich ELISA in samples collected during the diagnosis of PCa (pre-surgical). Our data consists of information on 40 Caucasian and 40 AA men between the ages of 43 and 75 years (Median = 60 years). Based on the analysis of log transformation of the data, significant differences among the two races were found, with AA having higher MIC-1 expression (Median 1220.4 versus 790.8, p=0.0001), Gleason scores (Median 7 versus 6, p=0.0009) and PSA (Median 6.72 versus 6.35 ng/ml, p = 0.04) than Caucasians. No differences in age or pathological stage of disease were observed between groups (p &gt; 0.05). Higher levels of MIC-1 and Gleason scores were associated (p&lt;0.001 and p&lt;0.05, respectively) with older patients among Caucasians. In contrast, among AA samples, MIC-1 and Gleason scores were not differentially expressed based on age. This phenomenon was not observed when examining PSA expression levels by age among AA and Caucasians. Altogether, these observations indicate that MIC-1 may play a role in more aggressive disease among younger AA men and addition of MIC−1 may help to improve the discrimination of aggressive disease at least in AA men. Further analysis of the mechanism of activity of MIC-1 and validation in a larger dataset is required.
Citation Format: Dev Karan, Seema Dubey, Jo Wick, Ossama Tawfik, Guru Sonpavde, Peter VanVeldhuizen. Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 as a potential biomarker for racial disparity in prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016;25(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B12.
Abstract B13: Differential expressions of stress proteins and miRNAs in circulating exosomes in prostate cancer health disparities
Authors: Khan Salma , Stiff TessaRae , Simpson Jennifer , Lynch James C. , Leaf Patrick , Gonda Amber , mirshahidi saeid , Sanchez Tino , Casiano Carlos A. , Wall Nathan R. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
African American men are about 1.5 times more likely to develop prostate cancer and about 2.5 times more likely to die from prostate cancer. However, there's no known cause of increased rate of morbidity and mortality in these population. Stress is well known factor for the causation of health disparities. Stress is a known inducer of post-transcriptional modification in cellular levels. Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis family can get alternatively spliced both transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally. We have shown that survivin and its splice variants are secreted from cells via exosomes, small membrane-bound vesicles used in cell-cell and cell-extracellular communication (1,2). MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small RNA, play regulatory role in tumor development and prognosis. Main objective of the present study is to find out differential expression patterns of stress proteins and miRNA from circulating exosomes deived from prostate cancer in African American (PCa-AA) and Caucasian (PCa-CC) patient populations. This is a novel way of establishing non-invasive early detection intervention that can be tailored to Americans of different ethnicities. In this study, exosomes are collected from sera of PCa-AA and PCa-CC using the commercially available ExoQuick kit. miRNAs are extracted from the exosomes using QIAGEN miRNA kit. Differential expressions of IAPs, wild type survivin and its splice variants are noted in the exosomes of AA-prostate cancer patients' sera compared to CC-prostate cancer sera. Differentially expressed miRNAs are identified by sequencing analysis. We find that this observation will ultimately pave the way for future studies focused on analyzing these biomarkers in larger cohorts of ethnically diverse cancer patients.
Citation Format: Salma Khan, TessaRae Stiff, Jennifer Simpson, James C. Lynch, Patrick Leaf, Amber Gonda, saeid mirshahidi, Tino Sanchez, Carlos A. Casiano, Nathan R. Wall. Differential expressions of stress proteins and miRNAs in circulating exosomes in prostate cancer health disparities. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016;25(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B13.
Abstract B23: Neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer and development
Authors: Sanders Danielle N. , Grabowska Magdalena , Matusik Robert 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Introduction: It is now recognized that androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) can induce neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation (NED) in prostate cancer (PCa) as well as histologically distinct NE cancer in &gt;25% of castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPCa). Neuroendocrine cells, which are present but rare in the normal prostate, secrete growth factors but the mechanism of normal NED in the developing prostate is largely unknown. We hypothesize that the neuroendocrine phenotype, seen in CRPCa, recaptures events that occurs during normal prostatic development in response to the androgens. The purpose of these experiments is to determine if NED occurs in the development of the normal mouse prostate in response to androgen.
Methods: 8-10 week old male mice (n=7 per group) were castrated and 2 weeks post-castration were treated with androgens (DHT) or oil (control), and then euthanized 1, 2 or 4 hours after treatment. Prostate lobes were then dissected, analyzed by immunohistochemistry for synaptophysin, a marker of NED, and scored blindly (Table 1). Intensity and distribution were then summed and analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test.
Score Intensity Distribution
0 No expression No expression
1 Weak Antibody expression in 0-33% of epithelial cells
2 Mild Antibody expression in 33%-66% of epithelial cells
3 Strong Antibody expression in 66%- 100% of epithelial cells
Table 1: Immunohistochemistry scoring system
Results: No significant difference in synaptophysin staining was found in the epithelium between oil and DHT treated samples in the anterior, dorsal, and lateral prostate. There was a significant difference in synaptophysin staining found between oil and DHT treated samples at the 1 hour time point in the ventral prostate (p &lt; 0.05). This difference disappeared in subsequent time points in the ventral prostate.
Conclusion: Androgens induce rapid and transient NED in the murine ventral prostate epithelium, indicated by a spike in synaptophysin at the 1 hour time point. By 2 hours, there is no significant difference in synaptophysin staining between the oil and DHT treated samples. This transient elevation in a NED marker is only observed in the ventral lobe. This indicates that CRPCa may recapture events that occur in the growth of the normal prostate.
Citation Format: Danielle N. Sanders, Magdalena Grabowska, Robert Matusik. Neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer and development. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016;25(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B23.
Abstract B67: Increasing access to cancer prevention and early detection screenings among racial/ethnic minorities: An innovative same-day result model
Authors: Brown Jameisha B. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Purpose: Cervical cancer is detected among more than 12,000 women, annually. Some age groups are affected disproportionately, at nearly 25% higher rates of new cases than other women. Following recommended pap screening guidelines, cervical cancer can essentially be eliminated. Likewise, when breast cancer is detected at earlier stages the greater the likelihood of 5-year survival, 98%. The See, Test & Treat® Houston screening model provides free breast and cervical cancer screenings with same-day results to communities identified as underserved.
Methods: Through a multidisciplinary volunteer collaboration, this novel screening model targeted medically underserved women between ages 21-65 with 1) breast and cervical cancer screenings, 2) same-day results, 3) health education counseling, 4) and the connection to follow-up care in a culturally and linguistically competent setting at no cost to the women served.
Results: Over 750 women attended the free special screening programs over a 3-year period. Of those that participated, 673 women who had never or rarely been screened received a pelvic and breast examination and a Pap test through the program. Of these women, 55 had abnormal Pap tests and 28 of these underwent same day colposcopy and 9 completed a LEEP. Seventy-six mammograms were performed. Two Breast Fine Needle Aspirations were provided on-site for women with a palpable breast mass. Four breast malignancies were detected. The population served were predominately minorities, low income, uninsured or under-insured, and between 40-49 years.
Conclusions: Findings suggest that additional dissemination of same-day screen, result and treat models are promising to reach demographics most affected by breast and cervical cancer disparities. As health seeking behavior plays a pivotal role in the outcome of any disease, including a health education component in all screening programs can continue to promote proactive preventive screening seeking behaviors and better provision of culturally-sensitive community screening programs.
Citation Format: Jameisha B. Brown. Increasing access to cancer prevention and early detection screenings among racial/ethnic minorities: An innovative same-day result model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016;25(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B67.
Abstract B96: Tackling obesity-related cancer health disparity, new inhibitors of leptin signaling
Authors: Lipsey Crystal C. , Harbuzariu Adriana , Dill Courtney , Gonzalez-Perez Ruben R. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Obesity is a global pandemic that has been linked to the progression of several different cancers including: breast, pancreatic, and endometrial. The presence of excessive amounts of adipose tissue leads to increased production and circulation of leptin, a 16kDa protein adipokine. Leptin mediates several signaling pathways that are essential to angiogenesis, proliferation, migration, and cancer cell survival. Chronically high levels of circulating leptin have been shown to increase proliferation of cancer cells. Obese African American patients suffering from triple negative breast TNBC or pancreatic cancer have worse clinical outcomes than Caucasian women. Leptin could be a survival factor for these cancers, which lack specific therapies and are treated with chemotherapeutic drugs, which show several undesirable effects. Moreover, these cancers show notable development of chemoresistance and recurrence. We have designed and tested a potent leptin antagonist LPrA2 that inhibits leptin-induced proliferation, invasion, and migration of several cancer cell types. Recently, new LPrA2- like antagonists have been produced. We hypothesize that the new peptide antagonists could be more effective inhibitors of leptin signaling when treating cancer cells in comparison to LPrA2. LPrA2-like antagonists showed no toxicity in non-malignant cells. Minimally invasive and a highly metastatic TNBC and pancreatic cell lines were treated with leptin and antagonists for 24 and 48 hours. Cellometer analysis and MTT assay were used to determine cell cycle staging and cell proliferation, respectively. Additionally, apoptosis rate was determined after combinatory treatments with leptin antagonists and chemotherapeutics were applied to the cancer cells. Our results show that LPrA2-like antagonists were more effective inhibitors of leptin induced S-phase, proliferation and survival than LPrA2. Results from this investigation could lead to the development of new therapeutic regimens for obesity-related cancers, which could help eliminating the gap of cancer health disparity in African American patients.
Citation Format: Crystal C. Lipsey, Adriana Harbuzariu, Courtney Dill, Ruben R. Gonzalez-Perez. Tackling obesity-related cancer health disparity, new inhibitors of leptin signaling. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016;25(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B96.
Abstract C15: Using grounded theory to develop a model of prostate cancer care and survivorship for black men: The Florida CaPCaS study
Authors: Young Mary Ellen , Odedina Folakemi T. , Williams Christopher , Pereira Deidre , Dagne Getachew , Egensteiner Eva , Gilbert Lauren , Stokes Kenneth , Hill Christopher , Piervil Esther 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the experience of screening, diagnosis, treatment and survivorship of black men with prostate cancer using qualitative ground theory methodology. A sample of black men diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2010 was recruited via telephone screening from the Florida Department of Health cancer registry. The individuals recruited were purposively sampled for variation in country of origin (African, Caribbean, and US born) and other demographics. An open-ended interview guide about their prostate cancer experience, developed by our Community Advisory Board and revised by the scientific team, was used to conduct in-depth, face-to-face interviews of 2-3 hours in length. The interviews were scheduled at the convenience of the participant and conducted by a black male Community Health Worker in a private location in the community chosen by the participant. These steps were taken to assure maximum comfort for the participants to share their experiences fully. To date 14 interviews have been completed, with the goal of 60 interviews completed by the end of September, 2015. Data analysis consists of line-by-line coding of interview transcripts for themes that emerge from the interviews, followed by in-depth coding of constructs to be included in a grounded theory model of the prostate cancer experience for black men. Preliminary findings indicate emerging themes of trust of the health care providers, the impact of health literacy, views of active surveillance and watchful waiting, the importance of family support, and decisional regrets. Understanding the prostate cancer experience from the perspective of black prostate cancers survivors will help us to reduce the impact of the disease in this population.
Citation Format: Mary Ellen Young, Folakemi T. Odedina, Christopher Williams, Deidre Pereira, Getachew Dagne, Eva Egensteiner, Lauren Gilbert, Kenneth Stokes, Christopher Hill, Esther Piervil. Using grounded theory to develop a model of prostate cancer care and survivorship for black men: The Florida CaPCaS study. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016;25(3 Suppl):Abstract nr C15.
Abstract C47: Gender and racial disparities in long-term survival of oral and oropharyngeal cancer in the United States
Authors: Osazuwa-Peters Nosayaba , Massa Sean T. , Christopher Kara M. , Walker Ronald J. , Varvares Mark A. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Purpose: Increased survivorship of head and neck cancer necessitates longer-term care for patients. However, no previous study from the United States has described head and neck survivorship beyond 15 years. The study aimed at describing 25-year survival of oral and oropharyngeal cancer; investigating the effect of race and gender on long-term survivorship.
Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database was queried for clinically and pathologically-defined adult oral and oropharyngeal cancer cases with at least 25 years follow-up. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were produced and a long-rank test was used to identify differences. A cox proportional hazards model was created including race, gender and other significant covariates.
Results: Of the 22,162 patients identified, 70.3% were males. Overall 10-year survival is 30.8% and survival declined through the follow up period, with only 8.9% alive at 25 years post-diagnosis. African American males show the poorest overall and disease specific survival rates (p&lt;0.001). On multivariate analysis for cancer-specific survival, after controlling for age, marital status, cancer site, stage, treatment type, and socioeconomic status, African Americans had a 40% increase in the hazard of death compared to Caucasians (HR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.35-1.46), while female gender was associated with a 9% reduction in mortality risk (HR=0.91, 95% CI = 0.88-0.94).
Conclusion: Overall survival for patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer is poor with African Americans and males demonstrating the worst survival over both short and long term follow-up. This illustrates the need for a cancer survival plan that incorporates the role of disparities in overall cancer outcomes.
Citation Format: Nosayaba Osazuwa-Peters, Sean T. Massa, Kara M. Christopher, Ronald J. Walker, Mark A. Varvares. Gender and racial disparities in long-term survival of oral and oropharyngeal cancer in the United States. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016;25(3 Suppl):Abstract nr C47.
Abstract C66: Adverse childhood experiences and breast cancer risk factors in black and white women
Authors: Warner Erica T. , Hargreaves Margaret K. , Mouton Charles P. , Tamimi Rulla M. , Signorello Lisa B. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Introduction: Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) have been implicated in several adult chronic diseases. ACE may also be associated with reproductive and lifestyle factors and biomarkers associated with breast cancer overall, and with estrogen receptor negative (ER-) disease specifically.
Methods: We examined whether self-reported ACE (verbal, physical, or sexual abuse; household mental illness or substance abuse; domestic violence, parental separation/divorce, and incarcerated household members) was associated with several reproductive and lifestyle breast cancer risk factors including age at menarche and age at first birth, and four biomarkers: adiponectin, C-peptide, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). The study population included 16,062 black and white women in the Southern Community Cohort Study. We grouped women into three categories: 0 experiences, 1-2 experiences and 3-10 experiences (high). Cross-sectional associations were analysed using logistic or linear regression.
Results: Women with high ACE were more likely to have: menarche before age 12, ever breastfed, more than two births, first birth before age 18, initiated smoking before age 16, and be current smokers compared to those with no ACE. Parous women with high ACE were 54% more likely to have ever breastfed (OR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.39, 1.70; p-trend &lt;0.0001) and 65% more likely to have first given birth before age 18 (OR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.48, 1.85; p-trend &lt;0.0001). ACE was not associated with body mass index (BMI) at enrollment, BMI at age 21, adiponectin, C-peptide or hsCRP levels. ACE was inversely associated with IGF-1. Women with high ACE had mean IGF-1 levels of 104.3 ng/ml compared to 119.2 ng/ml among women with no ACE (p-trend=0.007). Results generally did not differ between Blacks and Whites.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that ACE is associated with reproductive patterns that have been shown to increase risk of ER- breast cancer. Future work should examine associations between ACE and breast cancer risk according to ER status.
Citation Format: Erica T. Warner, Margaret K. Hargreaves, Charles P. Mouton, Rulla M. Tamimi, Lisa B. Signorello. Adverse childhood experiences and breast cancer risk factors in black and white women. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016;25(3 Suppl):Abstract nr C66.
Abstract C96: Community education; community advocacy
Authors: Currie Jacqueline Waldine 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Community Education; community advocacy is an initiative that has been utilized to address disparities in the west Alabama Area. Utilizing a small college, a faith based group, and the local chapter of a national sorority with an emphasis in community service, this project has worked to involve African Americans in all levels of cancer prevention and advocacy, including fundraising, education, outreach, and clinical trials.
The Victorious Cancer Support Group is a grassroots faith-based organization that provides cancer related education and support in the west Alabama area. Stillman College is a private HBCU affiliated with the Presbyterian Church. Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc. is a private, not-for-profit organization whose purpose is to provide assistance and support through established programs in local communities throughout the world. The Tuscaloosa Chapter of Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc., The Victorious Cancer Support Group, and Stillman have provided cancer related education and services including smoke free campus initiatives and smoke-free Tuscaloosa advocacy, bone marrow education and registry opportunities, Sister Study Breast Cancer registration, and Cancer Prevention Study 3 registration. Fundraising efforts include support and participation in Race for the Cure, Making Strides Against Breast Cancer and Relay for Life. Advocacy efforts have included visits to lawmakers to discuss funding for cancer research and in support of smoke-free initiatives. Stillman college students have been educated based on health promotion models and have been empowered to take the information back to their communities and to their respective churches and civic groups.
Citation Format: Jacqueline Waldine Currie. Community education; community advocacy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016;25(3 Suppl):Abstract nr C96.