bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new class of capsid-targeting inhibitors that specifically block HIV-1 nuclear import
Authors: Boulay Aude , Quevarec Emmanuel , Malet Isabelle , Nicastro Giuseppe , Chamontin Célia , Perrin Suzon , Henriquet Corinne , Pugnière Martine , Courgnaud Valérie , Blaise Mickaël , Marcelin Anne-Geneviève , Taylor Ian A , Chaloin Laurent , Arhel Nathalie J 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHIV-1 capsids cross nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) by engaging with the nuclear import machinery. To identify compounds that inhibit HIV-1 nuclear import, we screened drugs in silico on a three-dimensional model of a CA hexamer bound by Transportin-1 (TRN-1). Among hits, compound H27 inhibited HIV-1 with a low micromolar IC50. Unlike other CA-targeting compounds, H27 did not alter CA assembly or disassembly, inhibited nuclear import specifically, and retained antiviral activity against PF74- and Lenacapavir-resistant mutants. The differential sensitivity of divergent primate lentiviral capsids, capsid stability and H27 escape mutants, together with structural analyses, suggest that H27 makes multiple low affinity contacts with assembled capsid. Interaction experiments indicate that H27 may act by preventing CA from engaging with components of the NPC machinery such as TRN-1. H27 exhibited good metabolic stability in vivo and was efficient against different subtypes and circulating recombinant forms from treatment-naïve patients as well as strains resistant to the four main classes of antiretroviral drugs. This work identifies compounds that demonstrate a novel mechanism of action by specifically blocking HIV-1 nuclear import.
Modelling and simulation of cloud‐native‐based edge computing terminals for power distribution
Authors: Zheng Junjie , Qu Jing , Cai Zexiang , Xue Ying , Li Xiaohua 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe introduction of cloud‐native technology has significantly changed the architecture of applications and the mechanism for the collaborative operation of components in power distribution edge computing terminals (PDECT). To develop an effective quantitative analysis tool for PDECT performance, the composition and characteristics of cloud‐native PDECT are studied, and the modelling and simulation of cloud‐native PDECT are proposed. Subsequently, modelling is implemented through the simulation software CloudSim, achieving the simulation of microservices, containers, declarative configuration, and container orchestration with the consideration of power distribution scenarios. Then, by the proposed simulation scenario module, various elements of the power distribution scenarios can be self‐defined. Finally, by demonstrating the principles and implementation mechanisms of the proposed modelling method and simulation tool, and comparing simulation results for different service time ranges, access devices, resource configurations of PDECT, request occurrence rates, and resource scheduling strategies, the validity and effectiveness of the proposed modelling method and simulation tool are verified.
Autologe Brustrekonstruktion und Bestrahlung: Konsensus-Bericht der
Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Mikrochirurgie (DAM)
Authors: Heine-Geldern Albrecht , Hirche Christoph , Kremer Thomas , Lössl Kristina , Bach Alexander D. , Russe Elisabeth , Fansa Hisham , Beier Justus P. , Harder Yves , Momeni Arash 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungDie autologe Brustrekonstruktion nach Mastektomie mittels freien Lappenplastiken
(kurz: autologe Brustrekonstruktion) zeigt im Vergleich zur Implantat-basierten
Rekonstruktion günstige klinische Langzeitergebnisse und eine höhere
Patientenzufriedenheit. Traditionell galt die adjuvante Strahlentherapie als
relative Kontraindikation für die sofortige autologe Brustrekonstruktion
aufgrund der unvorhersehbaren Strahlenfolgen. Moderne adjuvante
Strahlentherapien (PMRT) konnten jedoch akute und chronische Strahlenschäden
deutlich reduzieren. Dennoch zögern Plastische Chirurgen immer noch,
Patientinnen, die eine adjuvante Strahlentherapie benötigen, eine sofortige
autologe Brustrekonstruktion anzubieten. In jüngster Zeit gibt es jedoch
Hinweise auf einen Paradigmenwechsel, der eine solche Rekonstruktion trotz
anschließender Strahlentherapie befürwortet. Im Rahmen eines Konsensus-Workshops
der 44. Jahrestagung der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft für
Mikrochirurgie (DAM) in Bern (Schweiz) wurde die Evidenz zur PMRT und autologer
Brustrekonstruktion dargestellt und Konsensus-Formulierungen zum zukünftigen
chirurgischen Management und zur zeitlichen Koordinierung erarbeitet. Dabei
wurde betont, dass das Ziel jeder Rekonstruktion eine weiche und möglichst
sensible Brust sein sollte, welche durch ein sicheres Verfahren eine
bestmögliche Symmetrie in Form und Größe zur nicht betroffenen Gegenseite
schafft. Es wurde konsentiert, dass die Erhaltung des originären Haut- und
Weichteilmantels im Sinne einer hautsparenden oder sogar
Mamillen-Areolen-Komplex (MAK) sparenden Mastektomie bei gleicher onkologischer
Sicherheit die besten ästhetischen Ergebnisse erbringt. Abschließend konnte ein
Konsens gefunden werden, dass eine PMRT und die zu erwartenden Strahlenfolgen
entgegen dem ursprünglichen Meinungsbild vor dem Workshop nicht mehr eine
Kontraindikation für eine autologe Sofortrekonstruktion darstellen sollten.
Virulence Potential of ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated during the Perinatal Period
Authors: Yin Hong , Blomberg Vilma , Sun Liwei , Yin ChunXia , Sütterlin Susanne 
Published: October 2024

Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the virulence factors in Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) derived from the perinatal fecal colonization flora of mothers and their newborns in a Chinese obstetric ward.
Study Design Rectal swabs were obtained from mothers prenatally and from their newborns postnatally, and analyzed for ESBL-producing Escherichia coli. The isolates were then whole-genome sequenced.
Results Maternal and neonatal colonization by ESBL-producing E. coli in a Chinese obstetric ward was 18% (31/177) and 5% (9/170), respectively. Fecal ESBL-producing isolates exhibited a significantly lower frequency of virulence factors compared with invasive E. coli.
Conclusion Providing balanced information on screening results is essential, along with conducting a risk assessment for antibiotic treatment strategies.
Key Points
Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears in National Football League Players by Short, Normal, or Long Rest Weeks
Authors: Garlapaty Ashwin R. , Scheiderer Joshua A. , Rucinski Kylee , DeFroda Steven F. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears in National Football League (NFL) players are devastating injuries that take nearly a year to recover. Players that do return to sport have worse overall performance compared to pre-ACL tear. NFL players typically play regular season games on Sunday with the next game played on the following Sunday, allowing for 6 days between games. Deviation from the usual 6-day rest week has been proposed as a potential risk for ACL tear. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the risk of decreased rest or increased rest on ACL tear rates in NFL players. ACL injury data of NFL players from the 2012 to 2013 season and 2022 to 2023 season were gathered from publicly available sources. Player demographic data, position, age at time of injury, seasons played, injury mechanism, and playing surface type were recorded. Injuries were characterized as short, normal, or long week injuries. ACL tears that occurred during the preseason, postseason, or during week 1 were excluded. Descriptive statistics were calculated to report means, ranges, and percentages. Data were analyzed to determine statistically significant differences using Fisher's exact, chi-square, or one-way analysis of variance tests. A total of 524 ACL tears were recorded in NFL players during the study window. Note that 304 ACL tears were excluded and 220 fit inclusion criteria. Twenty-four ACL tears occurred during short weeks, 68 during long weeks, and 128 during normal weeks. Players were 1.8 times more likely to tear their ACL during a long week compared to a normal week (p < 0.001), and 1.5 times more likely to tear their ACL during a short week compared to a normal week (p = 0.02). The findings from this study suggest that deviation from the normal 7-day NFL week increases the risk of an ACL tear in NFL players when increasing or decreasing rest time. Further research exploring the impact of short and long rest times on player injury risk should be conducted to prevent season-ending injuries.
Prediabetes Associates with Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 Activation and Contributes to the Rapid Destruction of Periodontal Tissues
Authors: Umeizudike Kehinde Adesola , Aji Nur Rahman Ahmad Seno , Niskanen Katariina , Rantala Iina , Sakellari Dimitra , Grigoriadis Andreas , Pätilä Tommi , Gupta Shipra , Sorsa Timo , Räisänen Ismo T. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objective The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationship between periodontitis, potential periodontitis oral fluid biomarkers, and prediabetes.
Materials and Methods This study included 150 Greek adults aged 25 to 78 years who were tested with an Hemoglobin A1C (HBA1c) diagnostic system, an active-matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) point-of-care (PoC) test, and several salivary biomarkers enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests and gelatin zymography. A full-mouth clinical examination was performed to assess their periodontal and oral health status.
Statistical Analysis The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to determine the statistically significant difference in the levels of periodontal oral fluid biomarkers between the different periodontitis stages, periodontitis grades, and the stages and grades of periodontitis combined. Spearman's rank correlation was performed to assess the strength and direction of the association between aMMP-8 and HbA1c levels (<5.7 and ≥5.7%) and with the other oral fluid biomarkers among patients with severe periodontitis. A two-sided p-value below 0.05 was considered statistically significant in this study.
Results aMMP-8, but not total MMP-8 or other biomarkers, associated significantly with the stage and grade of periodontitis combined (p < 0.001, Kruskal–Wallis test). Among stage III grade C periodontitis patients, aMMP-8 levels were significantly positively correlated with prediabetes (Spearman's rho = 0.646, p = 0.044), total MMP-8 (rho = 0.636, p = 0.048), PMN Elastase (rho = 0.729, p = 0.017), total MMP-9 (rho = 0.721, p = 0.019), and total MMP-8/TIMP-1 molar ratio (rho = 0.879, p < 0.001).
Conclusion Prediabetic disease development can upregulate MMP-8 expression (total MMP-8) in rapidly progressing, severe periodontitis, where MMP-8 latent species are further activated into their active forms (aMMP-8). Simultaneously, several proinflammatory biomarker levels are elevated in this tissue-destructive biomarker cascade. This development is easily detectable online/in real-time within 5 minutes by aMMP-8 PoC testing at the dentist's office.
Diagnostic Approach to the Patient with Altered Mental Status
Authors: Lieberman Ori J. , Berkowitz Aaron L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAcute encephalopathy is a common presenting symptom in the emergency room and complicates many hospital and intensive care unit admissions. The evaluation of patients with encephalopathy poses several challenges: limited history and examination due to the patient's mental status, broad differential diagnosis of systemic and neurologic etiologies, low yield of neurodiagnostic testing due to the high base rate of systemic causes, and the importance of identifying less common neurologic causes of encephalopathy that can be life-threatening if not identified and treated. This article discusses the differential diagnosis of acute encephalopathy, presents an approach to the history and examination in a patient with encephalopathy, reviews the literature on the yield of neurodiagnostic testing in this population, and provides a diagnostic framework for the evaluation of patients with altered mental status.
Lobbying from the Outside: Foreign Agents, Lobbyists, and Foreign Advocacy in the USA
Authors: Straus Jacob R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn 1938, Congress enacted the Foreign Agent Registration Act (FARA) as a tool to identify and potentially combat Nazi propaganda. In the 1960s, FARA was amended to shift its focus from capturing propaganda to documenting the advocacy relationship between foreign principals (e.g., governments, political parties, and corporations) and the US government. Today, foreign agents—those hired by foreign principals to represent their interests—are required to register with the Department of Justice unless they meet one of the eight statutory exemptions, including one that allows for the registration under the Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA), a 1995 law that requires lobbyists to register with Congress. This paper provides background on FARA, LDA, and how they interact. Using data from both laws, three logit regression models test the importance of American foreign assistances and international alliance connections on a countries decision to hire an advocate in the USA. The analysis demonstrates that countries that receive have more international alliance connections with the USA are more likely to hire a foreign agent, lobbyist, or both. Those that receive more foreign assistance are more likely to hire a lobbyist or a lobbyist and a foreign agent.
Table-top source for x-ray absorption spectroscopy with photon energies up to 350 eV
Authors: Naranjo-Montoya O. A. , Bridger M. , Bhar R. , Kalkhoff L. , Schleberger M. , Wende H. , Tarasevitch A. , Bovensiepen U. 
Published: October 2024

We present a table-top setup for x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) based on high harmonic generation (HHG) in noble gases. Using sub-millijoule pump pulses at a central wavelength of 1550 nm, broadband HHG in the range of 70–350 eV was demonstrated. The HHG coherence lengths of several millimeters were achieved by reaching the nonadiabatic regime of harmonic generation. Near edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy experiments on the boron K edge of a boron foil and a hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) 2D material demonstrate the capabilities of the setup. Femtosecond pulse duration makes pump–probe XAS experiments with corresponding time resolution possible.
Estimate of in-band eddy current effect in space gravitational wave detection
Authors: Xu Jia-Hao , Zhang Li-Na , Ke Jun , Li Cheng-Zong , Ma Wen-Long 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In space detection of gravitational waves (GWs), the presence of a low-frequency varying magnetic field will generate eddy currents in the test mass, resulting in a varying magnetic moment. This magnetic moment will couple with a constant magnetic field gradient, producing residual acceleration within the frequency band of GW detection, causing the test mass to deviate from the free-falling mode. However, this effect has not yet been studied clearly in the noise budget for TianQin and LISA Pathfinder since the constant DC magnetic susceptibility was applied to quantify the varying magnetic moment. This paper utilizes the parameter of alternating current magnetic susceptibility to define this process, and further analyzes and evaluates the effect. In a general magnetic field environment, the contribution of this effect to TianQin acceleration noise reaches 20% from 0.1 mHz to 3 mHz. The contribution to LISA noise is less than 10% from 10−4 to 0.1 Hz, and less than 10% below 10−4 Hz. This effect does not have a potential limit on LISA low-frequency science down to 20 µHz (Armano et al 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett.
120 061101).
Black holes, Achilles and the original tortoise coordinate
Authors: Pössel Markus 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The ‘frozen star’ picture of black holes, based on the fact that an outside observer will never see a collapsing sphere shrink sufficiently to form a black hole horizon, was a historical obstacle to the understanding of black holes, and continues to be a stumbling point for students trying to understand horizons. Promoting the discrete steps in Zeno's original story of Achilles and the tortoise to a ‘Zeno time coordinate’ provides a quantitative toy model that allows students to understand why the ‘frozen star’ phenomenon does not mean that objects cannot fall into a black hole. The toy model can be used for teaching about this particular feature of black holes in an introductory setting that does not introduce the Schwarzschild metric and its tortoise coordinates.
Non-uniform dynamic magnetic field compensation for a lightweight magnetically shielded room based on distributed differential coils
Authors: Zhao Jiye , Liu Jiawen , Zhou jiqiang , Zhang Lu , Sun Jinji 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Due to the influence of material characteristics and engineering imperfections, the residual magnetic fields including static and dynamic field in a lightweight magnetically shielded room (MSR) present non-uniform distribution characteristic. To effectively reduce the residual static field, a non-uniform field compensation method based on distributed coils has been proposed. This method takes the L2-norm of the magnetic field at the target array points as the objective function, to optimize the compensation current in each of the designed distributed coils, achieving non-uniform field compensation. To further achieve compensation for non-uniform residual dynamic field, a closed-loop control system containing a voltage divider and multi-channel amplifiers is designed in this paper. Additionally, the coil constant of the distributed differential coils and the initial magnetic field distribution vector for dynamic compensation are redefined. In conjunction with a PI controller, dynamic compensation is achieved using a single optically pumped magnetometer as the feedback component. The experimental results indicate that the average dynamic field decreased from 376.75 pT to 27.80 pT over the central volume of (300 mm)3 in MSR, achieving a near-zero magnetic environment. This method has universal applicability for compensating non-uniform residual field under different working conditions.
High-temperature transport properties of a two-dimensional weakly doped parabolic semiconductor
Authors: Rukelj Zoran , Radić Danko , Grbić Mihael S , Kupčić Ivan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A version of the Mexican-hat Hamiltonian is used to study high-temperature transport properties of a two-dimensional weakly doped semiconductor with electron–hole symmetric bands. For a finite doping level and a temperature-dependent band-gap, we find a closed analytical form of the temperature-dependent chemical potential. The effective concentrations of charge carriers participating in transport coefficients are analyzed in the space spanned by the total electron concentration and temperature. It is shown that these concentrations are the sum of a residual contribution and two thermally activated contributions, with a complicated dependence on temperature. The analytical expression for the Hall coefficient

R
H

is also found. It is argued that it is a non-monotonic function of the doping level with the maximum at the doping

n
max

that is a linear function of temperature at high enough temperatures. The analysis of the real part of the interband conductivity shows that it is inversely proportional to incoming photon energy at low temperatures and that it is nearly constant over a wide energy range at high temperatures. These results are expected to be of significant importance in understanding transport and optical properties of weakly doped two-dimensional semiconductors with nearly symmetric parabolic bands.
SODD-YOLOv8: an insulator defect detection algorithm based on feature enhancement and variable row convolution
Authors: Jianxing Wang , Yuli Lu , Bisheng Wei , Gangjin Huang , Jinmei Guo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
To address the detection challenges in defective images of insulators in transmission lines, including tiny object size, significant scale variations, a wide variety of defects, and complex background interference. In this study, an improved insulator defect detection algorithm is proposed, based on the YOLOv8s framework and combining feature enhancement and deformable convolution techniques. Firstly, to address the image feature distortion problem caused by aerial photography, a deformable convolutional feature extraction module (DCFEM) is introduced, which is designed to enhance the model’s ability to adapt to the local geometric deformation, so as to effectively recover the distorted feature information in the image. Moreover, to enhance the detection ability of the model for small objects, a small object feature enhancement module is designed, which adopts an efficient multi-scale attention mechanism, and aims to enhance the feature extraction ability of small objects, improve the sensitivity to small-size defects, and improve the detection accuracy. Eventually, to optimize the computational efficiency of the model, the average pooling-sparse convolution-batch normalization (BN) module is proposed. This module combines average pooling, sparse convolution and BN techniques to achieve a lightweight model while maintaining a high level of feature extraction capability. Experimental results on the China power line insulator dataset show that the improved model achieves a 4.3 percentage point improvement in the mAP metric compared to YOLOv8s, and the number of parameters in the model is reduced by 10%. The proposed scheme not only improves the accuracy and efficiency of defect detection, but also reduces the demand for computational resources, thus providing a more reliable and efficient solution for insulator defect detection in practical applications.
Soil moisture estimation in the unsaturated zone using surface wave measurements and hybrid modeling framework
Authors: Song Homin , Kook Woo Dong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Soil moisture plays a critical role in influencing various facets of ecosystem dynamics. The preference for measuring soil moisture without physical intrusion has been desirable for precise assessments while minimizing disruptions to soil structural, hydraulic, and biological characteristics. In this study, we explored the potential of surface elastic waves as a proxy to estimate soil moisture profiles to a depth of 1.05 m at intervals of 0.1 m. We conducted a multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) survey and measured soil moisture at depths of 0.15 m and 0.35 m. To address the limited availability of soil moisture measurements, we developed a mechanistic soil moisture model as a substitute for measured soil moisture profiles. Our results showed that as soil moisture increased, the propagation of surface waves became more pronounced due to reduced frictional resistance. However, it was not straightforward to link measured surface wave responses and subsurface soil moisture profile. To address these challenges, we developed a convolutional neural network (CNN) with the inputs of the frequency-velocity and frequency-wavenumber images obtained from the measured surface waves. We found that the integration of MASW and CNN proved effective in estimating soil moisture profiles to a depth of 1.05 m at intervals of 0.1 m without causing disturbances to the soil (MAE = 0.0035 m3 m−3). This study suggested that the combined use of surface waves and CNN hold promise in measuring soil moisture profiles without physical disruptions. As such, the proposed approach could serve as a viable alternative to noninvasive soil moisture sensors.