bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occurrence and Strength of Instantaneous and Intracohort Density‐Dependence in Northeast Atlantic Fish Stocks
Authors: Cardinale Massimiliano , Bartolino Valerio , Winker Henning , Orio Alessandro , Griffiths Christopher A. , Kell Laurie 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBiological reference points (BRPs) used in fisheries management do not include density‐dependent (DD) growth, with DD processes only considered in the stock recruitment relationship. Not accounting for DD on somatic growth has led to criticism that such BRPs underestimate the compensatory effects of DD at low stock size, and therefore risk foregone catch opportunities. Here, we analyse 81 stocks from the Northeast Atlantic for evidence of DD growth, defined as the process in which stock size affects somatic weight. We evaluate the following questions: (1) How many stocks have experienced instantaneous DD growth and do stocks of the same species display similar trends? (2) Is there a common instantaneous DD growth relationship shared by all stocks? (3) For stocks exhibiting significant instantaneous DD growth, can we quantify the strength of the relationship? (4) Is DD growth operating as an intra‐cohort process as opposed to an instantaneous effect? Results reveal that only the weight of recruits exhibits a common instantaneous DD growth while the other responses analysed show a positive, noncompensatory effect, suggesting that other processes are at work. All responses examined showed significant temporal autocorrelation, which, when not accounted for, suggest apparent instantaneous DD growth in several stocks. Comparison of instantaneous against intracohort DD growth showed an increase in the number of stocks with significant DD growth, although, as for instantaneous DD growth, this declined greatly when temporal autocorrelation was accounted for. Our results counteract the a priori assumption that DD growth compensation is related only to stock biomass or density, suggesting that DD growth should be dealt case‐by‐case. Consequently, management practices that aim to fish down stock biomass with the anticipation of triggering DD growth will be associated with greater asymmetric risks than keeping biomass at levels where replacement yield does not rely on it.
Morphological Traits Are Not Consistently Related to Population Size in Four Migratory Caribou Populations Across North America
Authors: Vuillaume Barbara , Leblond Mathieu , Festa‐Bianchet Marco , Côté Steeve D. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTTo develop effective management to maintain or restore populations of large herbivores, wildlife managers require sound empirical data on their variations in size and associated parameters. Many studies have highlighted links between morphological traits of individuals and population density; however, less attention has been devoted to whether or not morphological traits can reliably inform on population size in years when no population estimates are available. We evaluated the relationships between three morphological traits (hind foot length, body mass, and body fat) and population size interpolated over three decades, for four migratory caribou (Rangifer tarandus) herds in northern Canada and Alaska. Our sample included 8865 measurements of 4473 individuals. We used a Bayesian modeling approach to evaluate the relationships between morphology and population size across different sex and age classes, considering different temporal scales and, when possible, phases of population growth or decline. We found that morphological traits were not consistently linked to population size. Statistically significant relationships existed for some combinations of herd and age classes, but weak to absent relationships were more common. Our study suggests that morphological traits alone cannot replace data obtained from aerial surveys to approximate population size when population trends are unknown. We discuss the usefulness of morphological traits to explain population size, and recognize their role as complementary metrics to inform the management and conservation of large herbivores, but conclude that morphological data should not be used to predict population size without information on population trends.
Comparative Efficacy of Magnesium and Potassium Towards Cholesterol and Quality of Life in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomised Single‐Blinded Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Khalid Sidra , Mehboob Riffat , Bokhari Syeda Shazia , Ali Muhammad , Shabbir Ambreen , Mehboob Khurram , Adnan Hafsa , Karami Mohammed Matoog , Shalabi Hani , Alshehri Bander 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPrevious studies exploring the relationship between dietary potassium and magnesium intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have yielded inconsistent results.ObjectiveThe present study was designed to compare the effect of magnesium, potassium and both (potassium and magnesium combined) on cholesterol levels and quality of life (QoL) among patients with T2DM.MethodsA randomised controlled trial (single blinded) was conducted at The University of Lahore and Lahore Medical Research Center (LMRC). The sample size was 290 patients with T2DM, who were divided into four groups: Group I (T1) that received control/placebo; Group II (T2) and Group III (T3) received magnesium and potassium supplements, respectively; and Group IV (T4) received both magnesium and potassium supplements. Blood samples were taken from all patients before and after 60 days of supplementation to determine the levels of K+, Mg2+ and cholesterol using a chemistry analyzer (photometer 5010 v5+).ResultsThere was a decrease in mean cholesterol levels in all groups after the treatment, with the largest reduction (224.9 ± 61.92 to 163.4 ± 48.38) seen in the T3 group, that received potassium supplements. A significant increase in the social QoL, indicated by a p value change from 0.06 before medical intervention to 0.000 after medical intervention, was observed. p value was significant (<0.05) between pre‐ and post‐QoL within the T2 (Mg) and T3 (K) treatment groups.ConclusionsThe overall decrease in cholesterol levels and improvement in the social QoL after treatment imply that magnesium‐ and potassium‐based formulations prove beneficial in combating hyperlipidaemia in patients with T2DM.Trial Registration: NCT04642313
Characteristics and outcomes of patients with cancer hospitalized with new onset acute heart failure
Authors: Marenzi Giancarlo , Cardinale Daniela , Cosentino Nicola , Trombara Filippo , Poggio Paolo , Leoni Olivia , Bortolan Francesco , Resta Marta , Lucci Claudia , Capra Nicolò , Bonomi Alice , Agostoni Piergiuseppe 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimsLimited evidence exists regarding the outcomes of cancer patients hospitalized with new onset acute heart failure (AHF). We assessed the in‐hospital mortality and 1 year outcomes of cancer patients admitted for new onset AHF, taking into account both past and active cancer status as well as cancer site.MethodsWe examined administrative data of adult patients hospitalized with a first episode of AHF from 2003 to 2018 in Lombardy, Italy. Patients were categorized based on their cancer history. The primary endpoint was in‐hospital mortality with secondary endpoints including 1 year all‐cause mortality and 1 year re‐hospitalization for AHF.ResultsAmong 283 144 patients AHF hospitalizations, 55 145 (19%) involved patients with a history of cancer (60% past cancer, 40% active cancer). Both in‐hospital and 1 year mortality rates were higher among cancer patients compared with those without (9.3% vs. 6.4% and 34.9% vs. 22.3%, respectively; P < 0.0001). After adjustment, cancer patients exhibited increased risk of in‐hospital mortality [odds ratio (OR) 1.40; 99% confidence interval (CI) 1.34–1.46] and 1 year mortality (HR 1.35; 99% CI 1.32–1.39), particularly among those with lung cancer. Patients with active and past cancer had a similar in‐hospital mortality risk (OR 0.99; 99% CI 0.91–1.07) while 1 year mortality risk was higher among those with active cancer (HR 1.26; 99% CI 1.21–1.31).ConclusionsCancer is a prevalent comorbidity in patients hospitalized with new onset AHF, and it is associated with a poorer prognosis. Mortality risk appears to vary based on cancer status and type.
Iodoaniline Dependent Formation of N‐Aroylguanidines Versus 2‐Aminoquinazolinones from Palladium(0) Catalysed Aminocarbonylation of N‐Arylguanidines
Authors: Yadav Pooja , Thirupathi Natesan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA family of N,N′‐diaryl‐N′′‐(pyridine‐2‐ylmethyl)guanidines (B) were prepared in 70 %–92 % yields and subjected to palladium(0) catalyzed aminocarbonylation reactions with aryl iodides using CsOH/CHCl3 mixture as CO surrogate to afford the corresponding N‐aroylguanidines (C) in 70 %–93 % yields. A gram scale synthesis was reported for a representative example. When the aforementioned reaction was carried out with 2‐iodoaniline as an electrophile, either a mixture of two distinct 2‐aminoquinazolinones (D and E) or one of these 2‐aminoquinazolinones are formed. The scope of guanidines and aryl iodides were explored for both of the above‐mentioned reactions. The role of directing group in the substrates upon the successful aminocarbonylation of guanidines, B is outlined. The reactions of a pair of N‐aroylguanidines, C with PhI(OAc)2 afforded 2‐aminobenzimidazoles, T with unanticipated core. Plausible mechanisms of formation of C, D, E and T are outlined.
Synthesis of the cis‐ and trans‐3‐Fluoro Analogues of Febrifugine and Halofuginone
Authors: Alkhathami Fahad , Chieng Lee Yang , Ortin Yannick , Rubini Marina , Evans Paul 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe novel synthesis of racemic cis‐ and trans‐3‐fluorofebrifugine and halofuginone is described. This straight‐forward seven‐step process relies on an electrophilic fluorination‐allylation sequence that generates a mixture of N‐Cbz protected, diastereomeric 2‐allyl‐3‐fluoropiperidines. On separation, a Wacker oxidation‐methyl functionalisation sequence enabled introduction of the required quinazolinone portion. Finally, removal of the N‐Cbz protecting group lead to isolation of the 3‐fluorofebrifugine dihydrobromide analogues that are of potentially pharmacological use. Analysis of the NMR spectra for each stereoisomer provides information concerning the preferred conformers of the different diastereomers. Evidence indicates that the cis‐diastereomer favours a conformation where the F‐atom occupies an axial orientation. In contrast, for its trans‐stereoisomeric counterpart, the 2‐substituent overrides any F‐atom effect and it preferentially occupies a conformer where both substituents occupy equatorial positions. Finally, interconversion between the cis‐ and trans‐diastereomers was studied. In DMSO‐d6 and as their free‐bases, isomerisation of each diastereomer gave a common 65 : 35 ratio of trans‐ to cis‐3‐fluorofebrifugine. Determination of the reaction rate constants for the isomerisation process at different temperatures enabled calculation of the activation energy barriers, for each process, using an Arrhenius plot. The activation energy barrier for the isomerisation of the trans‐isomer was 94.3±4.9 kJ mol−1, whereas for the cis‐isomer it was 84.5±3.9 kJ mol−1.
Simultaneous Electrochemical Determination of Sildenafil Citrate and Tadalafil Using a Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode by Adsorptive Stripping Linear Sweep Voltammetry
Authors: Öksüz Mertcan , Cittan Mustafa , Dost Kenan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAn adsorptive stripping linear sweep voltammetric method was developed for the simultaneous determination of sildenafil citrate and tadalafil. The voltammetric working electrode was a glassy carbon electrode modified with carboxylic multi‐walled carbon nanotubes. The sensitivity of the developed voltammetric method was significantly increased by this modification. Both analytes spontaneously adsorbed on the modified electrode surface due to their adsorption affinities. The irreversible oxidation signals of both analytes were used as the analytical signals. The electrochemical behaviour of sildenafil citrate and tadalafil was assessed using cyclic voltammetry. The developed voltammetric method was linear in the range of 0.01–0.50 μM with a correlation coefficient of 0.9997 and 0.9985 for sildenafil citrate and tadalafil, respectively. The LOQs of the method for both analytes were 0.010 μM. The intra‐ and inter‐day reproducibility of the method was less than 10% RSD in all cases. The extraction recoveries for both analytes ranged between 83 and 94%. The applicability of the developed voltammetric method were investigated by determining the analyte in two different spiked samples (an energy drink and a traditional herbal product). Furthermore, the described method would represent the first electrochemical approach for the simultaneous detection of sildenafil citrate and tadalafil, providing an available alternative to current chromatographic techniques.
Subclinical rhythmic EEG discharge of adults (SREDA) in pediatric population: A case series with systematic review of the literature
Authors: Bosisio Luca , Mancardi Maria Margherita , Boeri Silvia , Nobili Lino , Nobile Giulia , Siri Laura , Prato Giulia , Canale Edoardo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSubclinical rhythmic electrographic discharge of adults (SREDA) is one of the rarest and most challenging non‐epileptic electroencephalographic variants. Although the pathogenesis of this activity is unclear, an association with vascular insufficiency and cerebral hypoxia has been proposed. SREDA usually occurs in adulthood, but there are few reports in the pediatric population. We performed a systematic review of the literature, confirming the rarity of this condition in children, and added 5 more subjects. We report on a total of 16 children with SREDA. Sufficient data are available for 15 patients. The mean age at first detection of SREDA was 11.5 years. We observed that 67% (10/15) of the subjects had previous seizures: 80% (8/10) of them had an epilepsy diagnosis and 38% (3/8) had generalized epilepsy. Moreover, 8 of 13 subjects whose medical history was available (61%) had a neurodevelopmental disorder. From an electroencephalographic point of view, we noted a prevalence of bilateral SREDA with atypical localization and abrupt onset and end. Since SREDA can be incorrectly interpreted as an epileptic discharge, with possible therapeutic implications, it is important to consider its possible occurrence also in pediatric patients, perhaps more frequently in those with neurodevelopmental disorders.
A bio‐reactive transport model for biomethanation in hydrogen underground storage sites
Authors: Minougou Jean Donald , Azizmohammadi Siroos , Gholami Raoof , Ott Holger 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUnderground biomethanation, which relies on the subsurface microbial activity to convert hydrogen and carbon dioxide into methane, is a promising approach to support carbon capture, utilization, and storage technology. The process involves injecting hydrogen with captured CO2 into depleted oil and gas reservoirs or aquifers colonized by hydrogenotrophic methanogens that can convert these two substrates into methane. Despite the attractiveness of this technology, there are still uncertainties about the efficiency of the conversion process, particularly the impact of microbial parameters. To investigate the efficiency of the hydrogen conversion process, we relied on a bio‐reactive transport model that can mimic microbial growth and decay, consumption of substrates, and transport of reactants and products. It was found that the methane concentration peaks near the injection well when the hydrogen fraction is in the range of 75% to 80% of the injected gas composition. In addition, a noticeable hydrogen sulfide concentration can be produced due to sulfide ions in the brine. Using the Kozeny‐Carman relation, an attempt was made to correlate microbial growth with reduced porosity and permeability. It was then revealed that substrate consumption by microbes leads to a drastic increase in the microbial population in the subsurface, which can reduce the petrophysical properties of the reservoir, especially in the near wellbore area. The results obtained from a series of parametric analyses showed that the hydrogen concentration in the injected gas, pressure, well spacing, and injection rate are some of the most important parameters contributing to the biomethanation process. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Culture, international stakeholders, and crowdfunding
Authors: Cumming Douglas J. , Sewaid Ahmed 
Published: October 2024

AbstractResearch SummaryInternational crowdfunding platforms present a unique opportunity for foreign entrepreneurs to attract stakeholders, typically from either the entrepreneur's home‐country or the platform's host‐country. We argue that success in mobilizing these stakeholders is culturally dependent. Specifically, cultural distance from the platform's host country can impede the mobilizing of home‐country stakeholders. Conversely, while attracting host‐country stakeholders may appear advantageous, these benefits are uncertain and limited for culturally‐proximal entrepreneurs. This is because their offerings are seen as less distinct compared to host‐country local offerings while introducing additional information asymmetries. Given these dynamics, we theorize that culturally‐distant entrepreneurs have better fundraising prospects when attracting host‐country backers, while culturally‐proximal entrepreneurs are more successful when mobilizing home‐country backers. Our analysis of 55,266 foreign projects on Kickstarter supports these arguments.Managerial SummaryThis study examines how cultural differences affect the success of entrepreneurs using non‐local crowdfunding platforms. We find that entrepreneurs from countries that are culturally distant from the platform's host‐country are more successful when they focus on attracting backers from the platform's host‐country. In contrast, entrepreneurs from culturally similar countries do better when they mobilize supporters from their home country. For practitioners, this means that understanding cultural distance is key to successful crowdfunding. Entrepreneurs should tailor their outreach strategy based on their cultural distance from the platform's host country. Those from culturally‐distant regions should prioritize backers from the platform's country, while those from culturally similar regions should focus on home‐country supporters to maximize their fundraising success.
Evaluating human error probability in maintenance task: An integrated system dynamics and machine learning approach
Authors: Bafandegan Emroozi Vahideh , Kazemi Mostafa , Pooya Alireza , Doostparast Mahdi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHuman error is often implicated in industrial accidents and is frequently found to be a symptom of broader issues within the sociotechnical system. Therefore, research exploring human error during maintenance activities is important. This article aims to assess the probability of human error in maintenance tasks at a cement factory using the Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method and System Dynamics modeling. Given that human error probability (HEP) is influenced by various common performance conditions (CPCs) and their sub‐factors, and changes dynamically in response to other variables, the SD method offers a practical approach for estimating and predicting human error behavior over time. This study identifies and quantifies the variables affecting HEP, explores their interactions and feedback in maintenance tasks, and assesses the associated costs. The machine learning technique is then used to estimate the relationship between HEP and these costs. The optimal value of the HEP function, 0.000772, is determined by identifying the minimum point of a cubic function, thereby minimizing associated costs and occupational accidents. Determining the optimal HEP is crucial for minimizing excessive costs and investing in improved ergonomics and CPCs for better performance. This addresses a significant gap in existing research where the impact of human error on maintenance tasks has not been estimated as a function. Furthermore, three scenarios are presented to help managers allocate the organization's budget more effectively.
The importance of integrating flexible learning methods (audio‐visual animation vs. visual pamphlet) to enhance awareness, perspectives, and practices in preventing lower back pain in nurses. A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Zarifsanaiey Nahid , Yazdani Zahra , Karimian Zahra , Shahraki Hadi Raeisi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsNurses are highly susceptible to developing low back pain (LBP), which is considered a common occupational hazard. The present study investigated the efficacy of flexible learning methods on the nurses' awareness, perspectives, and practice regarding the prevention of LBP.MethodsIn pre‐test posttest quasi‐experimental study conducted from June to December 2019, 153 eligible nurses working in three hospitals were participated. Researchers divided the hospitals into three groups with similar numbers of participants (around 55 each) using a random process. One group received an educational intervention using an audio‐visual animation, another group got a visual pamphlet, and the last group served as a control with no intervention. All nurses completed a validated questionnaire designed by the researchers to assess their awareness, perspectives, and practices related to preventing lower back pain. The questionnaire was given three times: before the intervention, 1 week after, and 4 weeks after.ResultsThe study found that participants in the audio‐visual and visual pamphlet groups scored significantly higher on awareness, perspective, and practice measures compared to the control group. Interestingly, the visual pamphlet group showed even greater awareness and practice scores compared to the audio‐visual group (p < 0.001). However, the audio‐visual group achieved a higher perspective score compared to the visual pamphlet group (p < 0.001).ConclusionNurses' perspective, awareness, and practice towards LBP prevention can be improved by blending the visual pamphlet and audio‐visual animation.
Overcoming barriers to cervical cancer prevention in Afghanistan: The imperative for an HPV vaccination and screening program
Authors: Sadat Rowaida , Sacinti Koray Gorkem , Topcu Elif Goknur , Saeed Saeeda 
Published: October 2024

SynopsisUrgent action is required to implement cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination programs in Afghanistan to address rising incidence and fatalities amidst political and humanitarian crises.