bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphologic features of basal cell carcinoma using the en‐face mode in frequency domain optical coherence tomography
Authors: von Braunmühl T. , Hartmann D. , Tietze J.K. , Cekovic D. , Kunte C. , Ruzicka T. , Berking C. , Sattler E.C. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundOptical coherence tomography (OCT) has become a valuable non‐invasive tool in the in vivo diagnosis of non‐melanoma skin cancer, especially of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Due to an updated software‐supported algorithm, a new en‐face mode – similar to the horizontal en‐face mode in high‐definition OCT and reflectance confocal microscopy – surface‐parallel imaging is possible which, in combination with the established slice mode of frequency domain (FD‐)OCT, may offer additional information in the diagnosis of BCC.ObjectivesTo define characteristic morphologic features of BCC using the new en‐face mode in addition to the conventional cross‐sectional imaging mode for three‐dimensional imaging of BCC in FD‐OCT.MethodsA total of 33 BCC were examined preoperatively by imaging in en‐face mode as well as cross‐sectional mode in FD‐OCT. Characteristic features were evaluated and correlated with histopathology findings.ResultsFeatures established in the cross‐sectional imaging mode as well as additional features were present in the en‐face mode of FD‐OCT: lobulated structures (100%), dark peritumoral rim (75%), bright peritumoral stroma (96%), branching vessels (90%), compressed fibrous bundles between lobulated nests (‘star shaped’) (78%), and intranodular small bright dots (51%). These features were also evaluated according to the histopathological subtype. In the en‐face mode, the lobulated structures with compressed fibrous bundles of the BCC were more distinct than in the slice mode.ConclusionFD‐OCT with a new depiction for horizontal and vertical imaging modes offers additional information in the diagnosis of BCC, especially in nodular BCC, and enhances the possibility of the evaluation of morphologic tumour features.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in End‐of‐Life Medicare Expenditures
Authors: Byhoff Elena , Harris John A. , Langa Kenneth M. , Iwashyna Theodore J. 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesTo determine to what extent demographic, social support, socioeconomic, geographic, medical, and End‐of‐Life (EOL) planning factors explain racial and ethnic variation in Medicare spending during the last 6 months of life.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingHealth and Retirement Study (HRS).ParticipantsDecedents who participated in HRS between 1998 and 2012 and previously consented to survey linkage with Medicare claims (N = 7,105).MeasurementsTotal Medicare expenditures in the last 180 days of life according to race and ethnicity, controlling for demographic factors, social supports, geography, illness burden, and EOL planning factors, including presence of advance directives, discussion of EOL treatment preferences, and whether death had been expected.ResultsThe analysis included 5,548 (78.1%) non‐Hispanic white, 1,030 (14.5%) non‐Hispanic black, and 331 (4.7%) Hispanic adults and 196 (2.8%) adults of other race or ethnicity. Unadjusted results suggest that average EOL Medicare expenditures were $13,522 (35%, P < .001) more for black decedents and $16,341 (42%, P < .001) more for Hispanics than for whites. Controlling for demographic, socioeconomic, geographic, medical, and EOL‐specific factors, the Medicare expenditure difference between groups fell to $8,047 (22%, P < .001) more for black and $6,855 (19%, P < .001) more for Hispanic decedents than expenditures for non‐Hispanic whites. The expenditure differences between groups remained statistically significant in all models.ConclusionIndividuals‐level factors, including EOL planning factors do not fully explain racial and ethnic differences in Medicare spending in the last 6 months of life. Future research should focus on broader systemic, organizational, and provider‐level factors to explain these differences.
‘What vision?’: experiences of Team members in a community service for adults with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Clare I. C. H. , Madden E. M. , Holland A. J. , Farrington C. J. T. , Whitson S. , Broughton S. , Lillywhite A. , Jones E. , Wade K. A. , Redley M. , Wagner A. P. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundIn the UK, the closure of ‘long‐stay’ hospitals was accompanied by the development of community teams (CTs) to support people with intellectual disabilities (IDs) to live in community settings. The self‐reported experiences of staff working in such teams have been neglected.MethodsFocusing on a single county‐wide service, comprising five multi‐disciplinary and inter‐agency CTs, we measured perceptions among the health care and care management Team members of (1) their personal well‐being; (2) the functioning of their team; and (3) the organisation's commitment to quality, and culture.ResultsAlmost three‐quarters of the questionnaires were returned (73/101; 72%). The scores of health care practitioners and care managers were very similar: (1) the MBI scores of more than half the respondents were ‘of concern’; (2) similarly, almost four in ten respondents' scores on the Vision scale of the TCI were ‘of concern’; (3) the perceived commitment to quality (QIIS‐II Part 2) was uncertain; and (4) the organisational culture (QIIS‐II, Part 1) was viewed as primarily hierarchical.DiscussionThe perceived absence of a vision for the service, combined with a dominant culture viewed by its members as strongly focussed on bureaucracy and process, potentially compromises the ability of these CTs to respond proactively to the needs of people with IDs. Given the changes in legislation, policy and practice that have taken place since CTs were established, it would be timely to revisit their role and purpose.
Predictors of self‐reported alcohol use and attitudes toward alcohol among 11‐year‐old British children with and without intellectual disability
Authors: Emerson E. , Robertson J. , Baines S. , Hatton C. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundReducing harmful levels of alcohol consumption among children is an important public health concern internationally and in many high income countries. Little is known about levels and predictors of alcohol use among children with intellectual disability (ID).MethodSecondary analysis of child self‐report data at age 11 years collected in the UK's Millennium Cohort Study.ResultsChildren with ID were significantly more likely to: have used alcohol in the last 4 weeks; to have had five or more alcoholic drinks on one occasion; to have had five or more alcoholic drinks or been intoxicated on one occasion; to have more positive attitudes about the psychological and social benefits of drinking; and to have less negative attitudes about the social and physical costs of drinking. Potentially harmful levels of drinking (intoxication or 5+ alcoholic drinks on one occasion) among children with ID were associated with child smoking, having friends who use alcohol, reporting that drinking makes it easier to make friends, and reporting that drinking reduces worrying. Children with ID accounted for 9% of all children with potentially harmful levels of drinking.ConclusionPublic health interventions to reduce potentially harmful drinking among children in general must recognise that children with ID are a potentially high risk group and ensure that interventions are appropriately adjusted to take account of their particular needs and situation. Future research in this area is needed to untangle the causal pathways between attitudes toward alcohol and alcohol use among children with ID and the extent to which levels of alcohol use and predictors of alcohol use may be moderated by severity of ID.
A resegmentation‐shift model for vertebral patterning
Authors: Ward Lizzy , Evans Susan E. , Stern Claudio D. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSegmentation of the vertebrate body axis is established in the embryo by formation of somites, which give rise to the axial muscles (myotome) and vertebrae (sclerotome). To allow a muscle to attach to two successive vertebrae, the myotome and sclerotome must be repositioned by half a segment with respect to each other. Two main models have been put forward: ‘resegmentation’ proposes that each half‐sclerotome joins with the half‐sclerotome from the next adjacent somite to form a vertebra containing cells from two successive somites on each side of the midline. The second model postulates that a single vertebra is made from a single somite and that the sclerotome shifts with respect to the myotome. There is conflicting evidence for these models, and the possibility that the mechanism may vary along the vertebral column has not been considered. Here we use DiI and DiO to trace somite contributions to the vertebrae in different axial regions in the chick embryo. We demonstrate that vertebral bodies and neural arches form by resegmentation but that sclerotome cells shift in a region‐specific manner according to their dorsoventral position within a segment. We propose a ‘resegmentation‐shift’ model as the mechanism for amniote vertebral patterning.
Drug‐Coated Balloons: A Safe and Effective Alternative to Drug‐Eluting Stents in Small Vessel Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Sinaga Dasdo Antonius , Ho Hee Hwa , Watson Timothy James , Sim Alyssa , Nyein Thuzar Tint , Jafary Fahim H. , Loh Jason K. K. , Ooi Yau Wei , Tan Julian K. B. , Ong Paul J. L. 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundDrug‐coated balloons (DCB) have been used to treat de novo small vessel coronary disease (SVD), with promising results and shorter dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) duration compared to drug‐eluting stents (DES). We compared safety and effectiveness of the two treatments at 1 year.MethodsWe reviewed 3,613 angioplasty cases retrospectively from 2011 to 2013 and identified 335 patients with SVD treated with device diameter of ≤2.5 mm. DCB‐only angioplasty was performed in 172 patients, whereas 163 patients were treated with second‐generation DES.ResultsDCB patients had smaller reference vessel diameter (2.22 ± 0.30 vs. 2.44 ± 0.19 mm, P < 0.001) and received smaller devices (median diameter 2.25 vs. 2.50 mm, P < 0.001) compared to the DES group. DES‐treated vessels had larger acute lumen gain (1.71 ± 0.48 mm) than DCB (1.00 ± 0.53 mm, P < 0.001). Half the patients had diabetes mellitus. While there were more patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the DCB group (77.9% vs. 62.2%, P = 0.013), they received shorter DAPT (7.4 ± 4.7 vs. 11.8 ± 1.4 months, P < 0.001) than the DES group. The 1‐year composite major adverse cardiac event rate was 11.6% in the DCB arm and 11.7% in the DES arm (P = 1.000), with target lesion revascularization rate of 5.2% and 3.7%, respectively, (P = 0.601).ConclusionsIn this high‐risk cohort of patients, DCB‐only angioplasty delivered good clinical outcome at 1 year. The results were comparable with DES‐treated patients, but had the added benefit of a shorter DAPT regime.
Assessment of the effectiveness of natural coral fragmentation as a dispersal mechanism for coral reef‐boring sponges
Authors: Nava Héctor , Carballo José Luis 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEastern Pacific reefs are mostly made up of interlocking coral branches of Pocillopora, which are easily broken by physical forces associated with heavy swells and winds. In this study we investigated the potential of these coral fragments to enable propagation of boring sponges. For this, we quantified the frequency of occurrence and diversity of boring sponges in fragments of corals recently trapped among the branches of live colonies, and later tested the hypothesis that these sponges colonize new branches of corals. Nearly 80% of the coral colonies investigated had coral fragments among their branches, and 69% of these coral fragments contained boring sponges (11 species), some of these sponges in reproduction (23% of them carried oocytes). To test whether sponges inhabiting coral fragments could colonize new branching corals we transplanted them to healthy branches, and to branches whose living tissue was mechanically eliminated to simulate damage produced by grazing and death after bleaching and other causes of coral tissue mortality. All the transplanted coral fragments cemented to each new colony by means of calcification, and of the three sponge species tested (Cliona vermifera, Cliona tropicalis and Thoosa mismalolli) only C. vermifera was able to colonize both new living branches (26.9%) and cleaned branches (65.5%). The apparent capability of C. vermifera to colonize by direct contact may be another key ability of this species to maintain high frequency of occurrence in Pacific coral reefs. However, although C. tropicalis and T. mismalolli were not able to colonize new coral substrata by direct contact, coral fragments have the potential to contribute to local persistence of these sponges and to their dispersal, both by asexual (fragments) and sexual means (transport of sexual products). The present findings may partly explain the current increase of excavating sponges on deteriorating reefs with a large availability of dead branching corals.
Spatial variability of the surf zone fish and macroinvertebrate community within dissipative sandy beaches in Oregon, USA
Authors: Marin Jarrin Jose R. , Miller Jessica A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHabitat heterogeneity can influence biological communities by providing a diversity of areas that can be occupied by different species. Sandy beach surf zones are often considered homogenous environments; however, sand bars moved by currents and waves can produce trench‐like shapes or troughs that provide heterogeneity. The influence of habitat heterogeneity produced by sand movement is unclear despite the fact that surf zones are an important habitat for larval and juvenile fish and macrocrustaceans. To determine if, and how, the fish and macroinvertebrate communities present in trough and non‐trough or flat areas of Oregon surf zones differ, we compared species assemblages in both areas at three beaches adjacent to estuary mouths over 2 years. Troughs had different communities compared with flat areas, with higher total catch (mean ± SD = 123.2 ± 122.1 versus 43.6 ± 44.5 individuals × 100 m−2) and taxon richness (6.7 ± 2.7 versus 4.0 ± 2.3 taxa); these differences were potentially due to water movement, prey availability and sediment size. The fish and macroinvertebrate communities did not vary between years but there were significant differences among beaches, with the most distinct community present at the only beach adjacent to an estuary without a jetty at its mouth, which was possibly due to higher species movement between the surf zones and estuary. Fish and macrocrustacean surf zone communities varied spatially within and among beaches in relation to habitat heterogeneity provided by sand movement and, potentially, the influence of adjacent habitats.
Eye care services for older institutionalised individuals affected by cognitive and visual deficits: a systematic review
Authors: Thibault Lorraine , Kergoat Hélène 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPurposeThe prevalence of dementia and ocular pathology increases with age and many older individuals affected by such diseases are being institutionalised. The objectives of this systematic review are to describe the level of eye care services being offered to older institutionalised individuals, present the prevalence of visual impairment in those with dementia, and describe the interventions offered to visually impaired residents with dementia.MethodsA literature review was performed in four relevant databases, limited to peer‐reviewed journals published in English and French, between the years 1984 and 2014. The review targeted individuals 65 years of age or older, residing in long‐term care facilities/nursing homes and affected by dementia. Only relevant articles addressing at least one of the three objectives were retained for this review.ResultsThe literature search identified 440 abstracts that were all read by each of the authors. After consensus, 92 articles were identified as potentially relevant and read. In the end, 28 were found to address at least one of the three objectives and were kept for the review. The results indicated that eye care services for older institutionalised individuals are sub‐optimal, that the prevalence of visual impairment remains high in that population, and that interventions such as optimising the ocular refraction, performing cataract surgery, providing low vision rehabilitation and adapting the environment can be beneficial to residents.ConclusionsThis systematic review demonstrated the benefits of providing regular eye care to long‐term care facility/nursing home residents, including those at all levels of dementia. Additionally, it documented the benefits of various treatment modalities such as cataract surgery, staff training, environmental adaptations and visual rehabilitation for improving several aspects of the residents’ quality of life. This review, however, has highlighted the fact that additional studies are required to strengthen the findings reported so far, and importantly, to evaluate the various treatment modalities described herein for residents in the most advanced stages of dementia.
Effectiveness of UK optometric enhanced eye care services: a realist review of the literature
Authors: Baker Helen , Ratnarajan Gokulan , Harper Robert A. , Edgar David F. , Lawrenson John G. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPurposeUK demographic and legislative changes combined with increasing burdens on National Health Service manpower and budgets have led to extended roles for community optometrists providing locally‐commissioned enhanced optometric services (EOS). This realist review's objectives were to develop programme theories that implicitly or explicitly explain quality outcomes for eye care provided by optometrists via EOS and to test these theories by investigating the effectiveness of services for cataract, glaucoma, and primary eye care.MethodsThe review protocol was published on PROSPERO, and RAMESES publication standards were followed. Programme theories were formulated via scoping literature searches and expert consultation. The searching process involved all relevant electronic databases and grey literature, without restrictions on study design. Data synthesis focussed on questioning the integrity of each theory by considering supportive and refuting evidence from the source literature.ResultsGood evidence exists for cataract, glaucoma and primary eye care EOS that: with appropriate training, accredited optometrists manage patients commensurate with usual care standards; genuine partnerships can exist between community and hospital providers for cataract and glaucoma EOS; patient satisfaction with all three types of service is high; cost‐effectiveness of services is unproven for cataract and primary eye care, while glaucoma EOS cost‐effectiveness depends on service type; contextual factors may influence service success.ConclusionsThe EOS reviewed are clinically effective and provide patient satisfaction but limited data is available on cost‐effectiveness.
Globalization, Worker Mobility and Wage Inequality
Authors: Stijepic Damir 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn the present paper, I integrate frictional labor markets with on‐the‐job search into an otherwise standard heterogeneous firm model of intra‐industry trade. Most importantly, I show that the returns to workers' inter‐firm mobility are higher in a trade equilibrium than in autarky. Intuitively, by favoring large and productive firms, international trade amplifies the disparities in profitability between small and large firms. Hence, the returns to labor reallocation across firms rise. In view of the empirically observed higher inter‐firm mobility among high‐skill workers, this suggests a skill‐biased impact of trade liberalization.
Source Estimation for Propagation Processes on Complex Networks With an Application to Delays in Public Transportation Systems
Authors: Manitz Juliane , Harbering Jonas , Schmidt Marie , Kneib Thomas , Schöbel Anita 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThe correct identification of the source of a propagation process is crucial in many research fields. As a specific application, we consider source estimation of delays in public transportation networks. We propose two approaches: an effective distance median and a backtracking method. The former is based on a structurally generic effective distance-based approach for the identification of infectious disease origins, and the latter is specifically designed for delay propagation. We examine the performance of both methods in simulation studies and in an application to the German railway system, and we compare the results with those of a centrality-based approach for source detection.
HLA DRB1/DQB1 alleles and DRB1‐DQB1 haplotypes and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis in Tunisians: a population‐based case–control study
Authors: Lagha A. , Messadi A. , Boussaidi S. , Kochbati S. , Tazeghdenti A. , Ghazouani E. , Almawi W. Y. , Yacoubi‐Loueslati B. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease, which affects synovial joints, and is influenced by environmental and genetic factors, in particular the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) system. In our study, we investigated the association of HLA class II DRB1 and DQB1 alleles and DRB1‐DQB1 haplotypes with RA susceptibility in Tunisian subjects. Therefore, HLA class II low‐resolution genotyping was done in 110 RA patients and 116 controls, with aHLA‐DRB1*04high‐resolution typing. Our results showed a strong association betweenHLA‐DRB1*04/DRB1*04:05alleles and RA presence, which persisted after correcting for multiple comparisons (Pc< 10−3,Pc= 0.020, respectively), in contrast to the protective effect ofHLA‐DRB1*04:03allele (Pc= 15.2 × 10−4). However, increased frequency ofDQB1*05(Pc= 0.020) and decreased frequency ofDRB1*04:03subtype (Pc= 0.032) were seen in RF+ patients than controls. Moreover, when RA patients were compared to controls,DRB1*04‐DQB1*03haplotype was associated with RA susceptibility in Tunisians (Pc= 16.8 × 10−5), independently of RF status. Conversely,DRB1*01allele andDRB1*01‐DQB1*05haplotype was highly present in RF+vsRF− groups (Pc< 10−3,Pc= 5.6 × 10−3, respectively) and seems to be linked to seropositivity. Investigation of HLA class II alleles and haplotypes association with RA susceptibility with secondary Sjögren's syndrome (sSS) showed a predisposing effect ofDRB1*04(Pc< 10−3) andDRB1*04‐DQB1*03haplotype when RA with sSS/without sSS groups were compared to healthy controls. Our results confirms the association ofHLA‐DRB1*04, specificallyHLA‐DRB1*04:05subtype, andDRB1*04‐DQB1*03haplotype with RA susceptibility in Tunisians, independently of seropositivity or the sSS presence.