bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing health disparities in children using a modified housing-related socioeconomic status measure: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ryu Euijung , Wi Chung-Il , Crow Sheri S , Armasu Sebastian M , Wheeler Philip H , Sloan Jeff A , Yawn Barbara P , Beebe Timothy J , Williams Arthur R , Juhn Young J 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesSocioeconomic status (SES) is a well-established risk factor for many health outcomes. Recently, we developed an SES measure based on 4 housing-related characteristics (termed HOUSES) and demonstrated its ability to assess health disparities. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether fewer housing-related characteristics could be used to provide a similar representation of SES.Study setting and participantsWe performed a cross-sectional study using parents/guardians of children aged 1–17 years from 2 US Midwestern counties (n=728 in Olmsted County, Minnesota, and n=701 in Jackson County, Missouri).Primary and secondary outcome measuresFor each participant, housing-related characteristics used in the formulation of HOUSES (assessed housing value, square footage, number of bedrooms and number of bathrooms) were obtained from the local government assessor's offices, and additional SES measures and health outcomes with known associations to SES (obesity, low birth weight and smoking exposure) were collected from a telephone survey. Housing characteristics with the greatest contribution for predicting the health outcomes were added to formulate a modified HOUSES index.ResultsAmong the 4 housing characteristics used in the original HOUSES, the strongest contributions for predicting health outcomes were observed from assessed housing value and square footage (combined contribution ranged between 89% and 96%). Based on this observation, these 2 were used to calculate a modified HOUSES index. Correlation between modified HOUSES and other SES measures was comparable to the original HOUSES for both locations. Consistent with the original HOUSES formula, the strongest association with modified HOUSES was observed with smoking exposure (OR=0.24 with 95% CI 0.11 to 0.49 for comparing participants in highest HOUSES vs lowest group; overall p<0.001).ConclusionsThe modified HOUSES requires only 2 readily available housing characteristics thereby improving the feasibility of using this index as a proxy for SES in multiple communities, especially in the US Midwestern region.
Referrals to integrative medicine in a tertiary hospital: findings from electronic health record data and qualitative interviews
Authors: Griffin Kristen H , Nate Kent C , Rivard Rachael L , Christianson Jon B , Dusek Jeffery A 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo examine patterns of, and decision-making processes, informing referrals for inpatient access to integrative medicine (IM) services at a large, acute care hospital.DesignRetrospective electronic health record review and structured qualitative interviews.SettingA 630-bed tertiary care hospital with an IM service available to inpatients.ParticipantsIM referrals of all inpatients aged ≥18 years between July 2012 and December 2014 were identified using the hospital's electronic health record. Fifteen physicians, 15 nurses and 7 administrators were interviewed to better understand roles and perspectives in referring patients for IM services.ResultsIn the study hospital, primary sources of referrals for IM services were the orthopaedic and neuroscience/spine service lines. While the largest absolute number of IM referrals was made for patients with lengths of stay of 3 days or fewer, a disproportionate number of total IM referrals was made for patients with long lengths of stay (≥10 days), compared with a smaller percentage of patients in the hospital with lengths of stay ≥10 days. Physicians and nurses were more likely to refer patients who displayed strong symptoms (eg, pain and anxiety) and/or did not respond to conventional therapies. IM referrals were predominantly nurse-initiated. A built-in delay in the time from referral initiation to service delivery discouraged referrals of some patients.ConclusionsConventional providers refer patients for IM services when these services are available in a tertiary hospital. Referral patterns are influenced by patient characteristics, operational features and provider perspectives. Nurses play a key role in the referral process. Overcoming cultural and knowledge differences between conventional and IM providers is likely to be a continuing challenge to providing IM in inpatient settings.
Individual placement and support (IPS) for patients with offending histories: the IPSOH feasibility cluster randomised trial protocol
Authors: Khalifa N , Talbot E , Schneider J , Walker D M , Bates P , Bird Y , Davies D , Brookes C , Hall J , Völlm B 
Published: July 2016

IntroductionPeople with involvement in forensic psychiatric services face many obstacles to employment, arising from their offending, as well as their mental health problems. This study aims to assess the feasibility of conducting a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the effectiveness of individual placement and support (IPS), in improving employment rates and associated psychosocial outcomes in forensic psychiatric populations. IPS has been found consistently to achieve employment rates above 50% in psychiatric patients without a history of involvement in criminal justice services.Methods/designThis is a single-centre feasibility cluster RCT. Clusters will be defined according to clinical services in the community forensic services of Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust (NHCT). IPS will be implemented into 2 of the randomly assigned intervention clusters in the community forensic services of NHCT. A feasibility cluster RCT will estimate the parameters required to design a full RCT. The primary outcome is the proportion of people in open employment at 12-month follow-up. Secondary outcome measures will include employment, educational activities, psychosocial and economic outcomes, as well as reoffending rates. Outcome measures will be recorded at baseline, 6 months and 12 months. In accordance with the UK Medical Research Council guidelines on the evaluation of complex interventions, a process evaluation will be carried out; qualitative interviews with patients and staff will explore general views of IPS as well as barriers and facilitators to implementation. Fidelity reviews will assess the extent to which the services follow the principles of IPS prior, during and at the end of the trial.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the East Midlands Research Ethics Committee-Nottingham 1 (REC reference number 15/EM/0253). Final and interim reports will be prepared for project funders, the study sponsor and clinical research network. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conferences and event presentations.Trial registration numberNCT02442193; Pre-results.
Natural language processing in pathology: a scoping review
Authors: Burger Gerard , Abu-Hanna Ameen , de Keizer Nicolette , Cornet Ronald 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundEncoded pathology data are key for medical registries and analyses, but pathology information is often expressed as free text.ObjectiveWe reviewed and assessed the use of NLP (natural language processing) for encoding pathology documents.Materials and methodsPapers addressing NLP in pathology were retrieved from PubMed, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Digital Library and Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL) Anthology. We reviewed and summarised the study objectives; NLP methods used and their validation; software implementations; the performance on the dataset used and any reported use in practice.ResultsThe main objectives of the 38 included papers were encoding and extraction of clinically relevant information from pathology reports. Common approaches were word/phrase matching, probabilistic machine learning and rule-based systems. Five papers (13%) compared different methods on the same dataset. Four papers did not specify the method(s) used. 18 of the 26 studies that reported F-measure, recall or precision reported values of over 0.9. Proprietary software was the most frequently mentioned category (14 studies); General Architecture for Text Engineering (GATE) was the most applied architecture overall. Practical system use was reported in four papers. Most papers used expert annotation validation.ConclusionsDifferent methods are used in NLP research in pathology, and good performances, that is, high precision and recall, high retrieval/removal rates, are reported for all of these. Lack of validation and of shared datasets precludes performance comparison. More comparative analysis and validation are needed to provide better insight into the performance and merits of these methods.
Mechanical thrombectomy for pediatric acute ischemic stroke: review of the literature
Authors: Satti Sudhakar , Chen Jennifer , Sivapatham Thinesh , Jayaraman Mahesh , Orbach Darren 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveGiven recent strongly positive randomized controlled adult mechanical thrombectomy trials, we sought to perform a comprehensive review of available literature on IA pediatric stroke intervention, with a focus on modern mechanical devices.MethodsPubMed search for pediatric patients undergoing IA treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) using modern devices between 2008 and 2015. 29 patients were included in this analysis.ResultsAverage age was 10.3 years, 74.1% male, middle cerebral and basilar arteries represented 89.6% of 36 occluded vessels, and average pediatric stroke scale score of 18.1. Average time from symptom onset to intervention was 8.8 hours and 13.8% of patients received IV tissue plasminogen activator prior to mechanical thrombectomy. Stent retrievers were used in 58.6% of cases, the Penumbra system in 34.5%, and the Merci device in 27.6%. Modified Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction 2b/3 recanalization was achieved in 75.9% of cases. There were no major adverse events related to the intervention, although one procedure was associated with device malfunction without a definite change in long-term outcome. The average modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score was <1 (0.86) at the longest available follow-up period, based on clinical description or provided mRS score.ConclusionsThis study suggests that mechanical thrombectomy in pediatric patients presenting with high pediatric NIH Stroke Scale scores and proximal large vessel occlusion is associated with high recanalization rates and excellent clinical outcome, although this is a retrospective review and the sample size is too small to make any definitive conclusions. This study provides class IVC evidence that endovascular treatment of pediatric AIS increases the chance of a good clinical outcome.
Barriers and facilitators for goals of care discussions between residents and hospitalised patients
Authors: Shah Kalpa , Swinton Marilyn , You John J 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTPurposeTo observe how residents are engaging in goals of care discussions with patients and identify thematic patterns that inhibited (barriers) and promoted discussion (facilitators) about goals of care.DesignAdmission encounters between residents and patients admitted to a tertiary care academic hospital were recorded and analysed using a qualitative descriptive method. Patients included in the study were individuals over the age of 65 being admitted to the internal medicine service. Residents were eligible if they were trainees in family medicine, emergency medicine, general surgery or internal medicine who were on call for the inpatient medicine rotation.ResultsA total of 15 resident–patient encounters were recorded and analysed, of which 12 encounters included a goals of care discussion. Barriers to goals of care discussions were due to missed opportunities to clarify patient’s preferences for life-sustaining treatment and missed opportunities to engage the patient in further discussion. Facilitators to goals of care discussions were use of simple language and exploration of patient’s previous experiences with life-sustaining treatment.ConclusionsAsking about patients’ previous experiences with life support can be an effective strategy to gauge the patient’s understanding and goals of care preferences. This knowledge can improve residents’ skill in communicating with their patients about goals of care and inform future education initiatives.
Numerical investigation on the femtosecond pulse propagation and free carriers’ evolution in silicon-on-insulator waveguides
Authors: Wen Jin , Ma Chengju , Fan Wei , Fu Haiwei , Jia Zhenan 
Published: July 2016

The femtosecond pulse propagation and free carriers’ evolution in the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguides have been numerically investigated considering the carrier’s lifetime and the pulse width of the input pulse at 1.5 [Formula: see text]m regime. Numerical results show that the free carriers’ density profile becomes gentle between the leading edge and trailing edge of the pulse in time domain due to the decreasing of the pulse intensity caused by the nonlinear absorption, which becomes more remarkable when the pulse width expands. It can be found that lifetime ranging from 5 ns to 100 ns does not affect the free carriers’ evolution clearly in femtosecond regime. In addition, the refractive index modulation can be appeared in the process of pulse propagation and free carriers evolution with lower peak power of 200 W. This research can supply some contribution to the insight of free carriers evolution in SOI waveguides.
Historians of geology in the field: a half-century of INHIGEO excursions
Authors: Johnston Mike R. , Taylor Kenneth L. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
When INHIGEO was born at Yerevan in 1967, it was agreed that field excursions would be an integral part of its activities. Although the bylaw that was adopted to this effect has since lapsed, the practice of combining meetings and excursions has continued. Meeting venues and the excursions associated with them are suggested by members in the host country and their organization is very much a local responsibility. Although the meetings commonly have a theme specific to them, the excursions may be more general depending on what can be achieved in the general vicinity of the venue and the interests and specializations of those running them. While it is accepted practice to visit geologically important sites, there is also a recognition that participants often appreciate the inclusion of localities or monuments of historical and cultural interest. This reflects the professional breadth of INHIGEO's membership (whose main disciplines span the geosciences as well as the history of science, in addition to some other fields) and also acknowledges the general understanding that geology, like every science, develops within the cultural milieus where it is practised. Excursions organized with specifically historical objectives respond to a variety of ideas about the goals of historical understanding, ranging along a scientific–historical spectrum. Excursions may be short, lasting from a few hours to a half or even a full day (these are frequently held during the course of the meeting); longer excursions may last up to a week or even more and are almost always scheduled either prior to or after the close of the meeting sessions. Whatever their duration, INHIGEO excursions have always proved to be educational and enlightening and are often among the most memorable of a meeting's experiences.
The stratigraphy and structure of the Faroese continental margin
Authors: Ólavsdóttir Jana , Eidesgaard Óluva R. , Stoker Martyn S. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This paper presents a summary of the stratigraphy and structure of the Faroese region. As the Faroese area is mostly covered by volcanic material, the nature of the pre-volcanic geology remains largely unproven. Seismic refraction data provide some indications of the distribution of crystalline basement, which probably comprises Archaean rocks, with the overlying cover composed predominantly of Upper Mesozoic (Cretaceous?) and Cenozoic strata. The Cenozoic succession is dominated by the syn-break-up Faroe Islands Basalt Group, which crops out on the Faroe Islands (where it is up to 6.6 km thick) and shelf areas; post-break-up sediments are preserved in the adjacent deep-water basins, including the Faroe–Shetland Basin. Seismic interpretation of the post-volcanic strata shows that almost every sub-basin in the Faroe–Shetland Basin has been affected by structural inversion, particularly during the Miocene. These effects are also observed on the Faroe Platform, the Munkagrunnur Ridge and the Fugloy Ridge, where interpretation of low-gravity anomalies suggests a large-scale fold pattern. The structure of the Iceland–Faroe Ridge, which borders the NW part of the Faroe area, remains ambiguous. The generally thick crust, together with the absence of well-defined seawards-dipping reflectors, may indicate that much of it is underlain by continental material.
Right ventricular metabolic adaptations to high-intensity interval and moderate-intensity continuous training in healthy middle-aged men
Authors: Heiskanen Marja A. , Leskinen Tuija , Heinonen Ilkka H. A. , Löyttyniemi Eliisa , Eskelinen Jari-Joonas , Virtanen Kirsi , Hannukainen Jarna C. , Kalliokoski Kari K. 
Published: July 2016

Despite the recent studies on structural and functional adaptations of the right ventricle (RV) to exercise training, adaptations of its metabolism remain unknown. We investigated the effects of short-term, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on RV glucose and fat metabolism. Twenty-eight untrained, healthy 40–55 yr-old-men were randomized into HIIT ( n = 14) and MICT ( n = 14) groups. Subjects performed six supervised cycle ergometer training sessions within 2 wk (HIIT session: 4–6 × 30 s all-out cycling/4-min recovery; MICT session: 40–60 min at 60% peak O2 uptake). Primary outcomes were insulin-stimulated RV glucose uptake (RVGU) and fasted state RV free fatty acid uptake (RVFFAU) measured by positron emission tomography. Secondary outcomes were changes in RV structure and function, determined by cardiac magnetic resonance. RVGU decreased after training (−22% HIIT, −12% MICT, P = 0.002 for training effect), but RVFFAU was not affected by the training ( P = 0.74). RV end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, respectively, increased +5 and +7% for HIIT and +4 and +8% for MICT ( P = 0.002 and 0.005 for training effects, respectively), but ejection fraction mildly decreased (−2% HIIT, −4% MICT, P = 0.034 for training effect). RV mass and stroke volume remained unaltered. None of the observed changes differed between the training groups ( P > 0.12 for group × training interaction). Only 2 wk of physical training in previously sedentary subjects induce changes in RV glucose metabolism, volumes, and ejection fraction, which precede exercise-induced hypertrophy of RV. Listen to this article’s corresponding podcast at http://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/right-ventricular-metabolic-adaptations-to-exercise-training/ .
Long Noncoding RNA GCASPC, a Target of miR-17-3p, Negatively Regulates Pyruvate Carboxylase–Dependent Cell Proliferation in Gallbladder Cancer
Authors: Ma Ming-zhe , Zhang Yan , Weng Ming-zhe , Wang Shou-hua , Hu Ye , Hou Zhao-yuan , Qin Yi-yu , Gong Wei , Zhang Yong-Jie , Kong Xiang , Wang Jian-dong , Quan Zhi-wei 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) are being implicated in the development of many cancers. Here, we report the discovery of a critical role for the lncRNA GCASPC in determining the progression of gallbladder cancer. Differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs between gallbladder cancer specimens and paired adjacent nontumor tissues from five patients were identified and validated by an expression microarray analysis. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure GCASPC levels in tissues from 42 gallbladder cancer patients, and levels of GCASPC were confirmed further in a separate cohort of 89 gallbladder cancer patients. GCASPC was overexpressed or silenced in several gallbladder cancer cell lines where molecular and biological analyses were performed. GCASPC levels were significantly lower in gallbladder cancer than adjacent nontumor tissues and were associated with tumor size, American Joint Committee on Cancer tumor stage, and patient outcomes. GCASPC overexpression suppressed cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, whereas GCASPC silencing had opposite effects. By RNA pull-down and mass spectrometry, we identified pyruvate carboxylase as an RNA-binding protein that associated with GCASPC. Because GCASPC is a target of miR-17-3p, we confirmed that both miR-17-3p and GCASPC downregulated pyruvate carboxylase level and activity by limiting protein stability. Taken together, our results defined a novel mechanism of lncRNA-regulated cell proliferation in gallbladder cancer, illuminating a new basis for understanding its pathogenicity. Cancer Res; 76(18); 5361–71. ©2016 AACR.
JNK Pathway Activation Modulates Acquired Resistance to EGFR/HER2–Targeted Therapies
Authors: Manole Simin , Richards Edward J. , Meyer Aaron S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractResistance limits the effectiveness of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-targeted therapies. Combination therapies targeting resistance mechanisms can considerably improve response, but will require an improved understanding of when particular combinations will be effective. One common form of resistance is bypass signaling, wherein RTKs not targeted by an inhibitor can direct reactivation of pathways essential for survival. Although this mechanism of resistance is well appreciated, it is unclear which downstream signaling events are responsible. Here, we apply a combined experimental- and statistical modeling–based approach to identify a set of pathway reactivation essential for RTK-mediated bypass resistance. Differences in the downstream pathway activation provided by particular RTKs lead to qualitative differences in the capacity of each receptor to drive therapeutic resistance. We identify and validate that the JNK pathway is activated during and strongly modulates bypass resistance. These results identify effective therapeutic combinations that block bypass-mediated resistance and provide a basic understanding of this network-level change in kinase dependence that will inform the design of prognostic assays for identifying effective therapeutic combinations in individual patients. Cancer Res; 76(18); 5219–28. ©2016 AACR.