bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Navigating the Fault Lines: Race and Class in Philadelphia's Solidarity Economy
Authors: Borowiak Craig , Safri Maliha , Healy Stephen , Pavlovskaya Marianna 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn debates over post‐capitalist politics, growing attention has been paid to thesolidarity economy(SE), a framework that draws together diverse practices ranging from co‐ops to community gardens. Despite proponents’ commitment to inclusion, racial and class divides suffuse the SE movement. Using qualitative fieldwork and an original SE dataset, this article examines the geospatial composition of the SE within the segregated geography of Philadelphia. We find that though the SE as a whole is widely distributed across the city, it is, with the exception of community gardens, largely absent from poor neighborhoods of color. We also identify SE clusters in racially and economically diverse border areas rather than in predominantly affluent White neighborhoods. Such findings complicate claims about the SE's emancipatory potential and underscore the need for its realignment towards people of color and the poor. We conclude with examples of how the SE might more fully address racial injustice.
Application of DNA markers for discrimination between Japanese and Australian Wagyu beef
Authors: Kawaguchi Fuki , Kitamura Yuto , Nakajima Ryuji , Takahashi Masayoshi , Goto Hiroaki , Washida Yuichi , Yamamoto Yoshikazu , Sasazaki Shinji , Mannen Hideyuki 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe objective of this study was to discriminate between original Japanese and Australian Wagyu beef, which is sold in the Singapore markets, using six previously developed DNA markers. To effectively evaluate the six markers for breed identification, the probability of identification as Australian Wagyu beef was calculated based on the estimated allele frequencies using 130 Australian Wagyu individuals. The combined use of six markers would allow the discrimination of Australian Wagyu beef with an estimated probability of 0.776. The probability to discriminate Australian Wagyu from Japanese Wagyu beef was sufficiently high. In addition, Australian Wagyu has maternal mitochondrial DNA of Bos indicus cattle with moderate high frequency of 0.377. The DNA marker system could also be used as a deterrent force against false sales, and contribute to the reduction and prevention of incorrect or falsified labeling of beef.
Outcomes of adults and children with primary mediastinal B‐cell lymphoma treated with dose‐adjusted EPOCH‐R
Authors: Giulino‐Roth Lisa , O'Donohue Tara , Chen Zhengming , Bartlett Nancy L. , LaCasce Ann , Martin‐Doyle William , Barth Matthew J. , Davies Kimberly , Blum Kristie A. , Christian Beth , Casulo Carla , Smith Sonali M. , Godfrey James , Termuhlen Amanda , Oberley Matthew J. , Alexander Sarah , Weitzman Sheila , Appel Burton , Mizukawa Benjamin , Svoboda Jakub , Afify Zeinab , Pauly Melinda , Dave Hema , Gardner Rebecca , Stephens Deborah M. , Zeitler William A. , Forlenza Christopher , Levine Jennifer , Williams Michael E. , Sima Jody L. , Bollard Catherine M. , Leonard John P. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryTreatment with dose‐adjusted EPOCH (etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone) chemotherapy and rituximab (DA‐EPOCH‐R) has become the standard of care for primary mediastinal B‐cell lymphoma (PMBCL) at many institutions despite limited data in the multi‐centre setting. We report a large, multi‐centre retrospective analysis of children and adults with PMBCL treated with DA‐EPOCH‐R to characterize outcomes and evaluate prognostic factors. We assessed 156 patients with PMBCL treated with DA‐EPOCH‐R across 24 academic centres, including 38 children and 118 adults. All patients received at least one cycle of DA‐EPOCH‐R. Radiation therapy was administered in 14·9% of patients. With median follow‐up of 22·6 months, the estimated 3‐year event‐free survival (EFS) was 85·9% [95% confidence interval (CI) 80·3–91·5] and overall survival was 95·4% (95% CI 91·8–99·0). Outcomes were not statistically different between paediatric and adult patients. Thrombotic complications were reported in 28·2% of patients and were more common in paediatric patients (45·9% vs. 22·9%, P = 0·011). Seventy‐five per cent of patients had a negative fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) scan at the completion of DA‐EPOCH‐R, defined as Deauville score 1–3. Negative FDG‐PET at end‐of‐therapy was associated with improved EFS (95·4% vs. 54·9%, P < 0·001). Our data support the use of DA‐EPOCH‐R for the treatment of PMBCL in children and adults. Patients with a positive end‐of‐therapy FDG‐PET scan have an inferior outcome.
Bilingual Development in Children of Immigrant Families
Authors: Hoff Erika 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEarly exposure to two languages is widely thought to guarantee successful bilingual development. Contradicting that belief, children in bilingual immigrant families who grow up hearing a heritage language and a majority language from birth often reach school age with low levels of skill in both languages. This outcome cannot be explained fully by influences of socioeconomic status. In this article, I summarize research that helps explain the trajectories of observed dual language growth among children in immigrant families in terms of the amount and quality of their language exposure as well as their own language use.
Cutaneous reactive hyperaemia is unaltered by dietary nitrate supplementation in healthy humans
Authors: Wong Brett J. , Keen Jeremy T. , Levitt Erica L. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to determine whether nitrate supplementation augments cutaneous reactive hyperaemia. Seven participants were tested pre‐ and postnitrate supplementation (25 ml beetroot juice); participants consumed one shot per day for 3 days. Participants were instrumented with two microdialysis fibres: control (Ringer's solution) and NO synthase inhibition (20 mM L‐NAME). Skin blood flow was measured via laser‐Doppler flowmetry (LDF). A blood pressure cuff was placed on the experimental arm and inflated to 250 mmHg for 5 mins to occlude arterial inflow. The cuff was released, and the resultant reactive hyperaemia was measured. Blood pressure was continuously measured via plethysmography from a finger on the non‐experimental arm. Cutaneous vascular conductance was calculated (LDF/MAP) and normalized to maximal vasodilatation (%CVCmax). Only diastolic blood pressure was reduced following nitrate supplementation (71 ± 2 vs. 66 ± 1 mmHg; P<0·05). There was no effect of nitrate supplementation on peak reactive hyperaemia at control (Pre: 52 ± 3 vs. Post: 57 ± 2%CVCmax) or L‐NAME (Pre: 52 ± 2 vs. Post: 59 ± 4%CVCmax) sites. There was no effect of nitrate supplementation on total reactive hyperaemia at either control (Pre: 4197 ± 943 vs. Post: 4523 ± 1040%CVCmax * sec) or L‐NAME (Pre: 5108 ± 997 vs. Post: 5694 ± 1002%CVCmax * sec) sites. These data suggest cutaneous reactive hyperaemia is unaffected by dietary nitrate supplementation in healthy humans.
68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT for the detection of bone metastases in prostate cancer: a systematic review of the published literature
Authors: Zacho Helle D. , Nielsen Julie B. , Haberkorn Uwe , Stenholt Louise , Petersen Lars J. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryBackground68Ga‐labelled prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a promising PET ligand for the detection of prostate cancer. Little attention has been given to the ability of 68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT to detect malignant bone lesions and whether this approach is superior to existing bone imaging modalities.AimTo review the existing data of 68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT for the diagnosis of bone metastases in prostate cancer.MethodsSystematic review of the peer‐reviewed literature.ResultsAmong 1858 papers in the original search, 37 papers were included in the analysis (six case reports and 31 case series). The vast majority of the studies were low‐level evidence studies. Most studies presented data on detection rates without a reference standard. All but two studies were of a retrospective nature. Several cohort studies showed bone metastasis in 5–60% of patients with prostate cancer, including in patients with very low‐PSA values. For primary staging, 68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT outperformed bone scans, while the superiority of 68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT compared with bone scans with respect to biochemical recurrence and metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) remains to be demonstrated.Conclusion68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT has shown to be a promising technique for use in prostate cancer. 68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT shows more lesions than bone scans, but data on diagnostic performance are very limited and indicate improved diagnostic performance in primary staging but not in mCRPC. Properly designed studies are needed to clarify the diagnostic performance of 68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT as well as its superiority over existing methods before 68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT can be routinely used for bone imaging.
Electronic Health Record Phenotypes for Precision Medicine: Perspectives and Caveats From Treatment of Breast Cancer at a Single Institution
Authors: Breitenstein Matthew K. , Liu Hongfang , Maxwell Kara N. , Pathak Jyotishman , Zhang Rui 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPrecision medicine is at the forefront of biomedical research. Cancer registries provide rich perspectives and electronic health records (EHRs) are commonly utilized to gather additional clinical data elements needed for translational research. However, manual annotation is resource‐intense and not readily scalable. Informatics‐based phenotyping presents an ideal solution, but perspectives obtained can be impacted by both data source and algorithm selection. We derived breast cancer (BC) receptor status phenotypes from structured and unstructured EHR data using rule‐based algorithms, including natural language processing (NLP). Overall, the use of NLP increased BC receptor status coverage by 39.2% from 69.1% with structured medication information alone. Using all available EHR data, estrogen receptor‐positive BC cases were ascertained with high precision (P = 0.976) and recall (R = 0.987) compared with gold standard chart‐reviewed patients. However, status negation (R = 0.591) decreased 40.2% when relying on structured medications alone. Using multiple EHR data types (and thorough understanding of the perspectives offered) are necessary to derive robust EHR‐based precision medicine phenotypes.
From worker to self‐entrepreneur: The transformation of homo economicus and the freedom of movement in the European Union
Authors: Kramer Dion 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis paper seeks to make a contribution to the study of personhood in EU free movement law by linking a historical and doctrinal analysis with the internal transformation of the homo economicus in economic liberalism. It is argued that a shift can be observed in the government of mobility from “freeing up” the ability of the worker as a relatively passive subject tied to external economic mechanisms to the targeting of the individual him/herself as a responsible, active bearer of economic capability or “human capital”, whereby past socio‐economic conduct and prospective economic activity serve as the thresholds for the entitlement to rights. The essence of the “new” homo economicus of EU free movement law is situated at the intersection of the social and economic, serving as a rational frame for the government of the European mover on the basis of a mutual responsibility between the Union citizen and his/her host Member State towards social and economic activity, self‐sufficiency and integration.
Guidelines for planning genomic assessment and monitoring of locally adaptive variation to inform species conservation
Authors: Flanagan Sarah P. , Forester Brenna R. , Latch Emily K. , Aitken Sally N. , Hoban Sean 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIdentifying and monitoring locally adaptive genetic variation can have direct utility for conserving species at risk, especially when management may include actions such as translocations for restoration, genetic rescue, or assisted gene flow. However, genomic studies of local adaptation require careful planning to be successful, and in some cases may not be a worthwhile use of resources. Here, we offer an adaptive management framework to help conservation biologists and managers decide when genomics is likely to be effective in detecting local adaptation, and how to plan assessment and monitoring of adaptive variation to address conservation objectives. Studies of adaptive variation using genomic tools will inform conservation actions in many cases, including applications such as assisted gene flow and identifying conservation units. In others, assessing genetic diversity, inbreeding, and demographics using selectively neutral genetic markers may be most useful. And in some cases, local adaptation may be assessed more efficiently using alternative approaches such as common garden experiments. Here, we identify key considerations of genomics studies of locally adaptive variation, provide a road map for successful collaborations with genomics experts including key issues for study design and data analysis, and offer guidelines for interpreting and using results from genomic assessments to inform monitoring programs and conservation actions.
A Comparative Discourse Analysis of Spanish Past Narrations From the ACTFL OPI and OPIc
Authors: Brown Alan V. , Cox Troy L. , Thompson Gregory L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe ACTFL Oral Proficiency Interview (OPI) and accompanying proficiency guidelines have become a mainstay in academic foreign language assessment. In 2006, an asynchronous electronic interface of the OPI was made available in which candidates are asked to record themselves responding to questions delivered aurally via computer, labeled the Oral Proficiency Interview‐computer (OPIc). Thompson, Cox, and Knapp () found that both instruments produced similar results but that many students in their sample who scored at the Advanced Low level on the traditional OPI scored one sublevel higher on the OPIc. The primary objective of the present study is to analyze lexical features, i.e., lexical diversity and lexical density, and discursive features, i.e., temporal and repair fluency, of students’ speech from a subset of OPI and OPIc exams to examine the relationship between the language elicited from each exam type, i.e., face‐to‐face and via computer. The research consists of two studies that focus on candidates who received (1) an Advanced Mid rating on both assessments, and (2) those who received Advanced Mid on the OPIc and Advanced Low on the OPI. While the two exams did not seem to elicit disparate levels of lexical density and diversity, significant differences surfaced in measures of fluency.
Why Did Income Inequality in Germany Not Increase Further After 2005?
Authors: Biewen Martin , Ungerer Martin , Löffler Max 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWhile income inequality in Germany considerably increased in the years before 2005, this trend stopped after 2005. We address the question of what factors were responsible for the break in the inequality trend after 2005. Our analysis suggests that income inequality in Germany did not continue to rise after 2005 for the following reasons. First, we observe that the general rise in wage inequality that explained a lot of the inequality increase before 2005, became less steep (but did not stop) after 2005. Second, despite further increases in wage inequality after 2005, inequality in annual labour incomes did not increase further after 2005 because increased within-year employment opportunities compensated otherwise rising inequality in annual labour incomes. Third, income inequality did not fall in a more marked way after 2005 because also the middle and the upper part of the distribution benefited from the employment boom after 2006. Finally, we provide evidence that the effect of a wide range of other factors that are often suspected to have influenced the distribution such as capital incomes, household structures, population ageing, changes in the tax and transfer system and the financial crisis of 2008 did not significantly alter the distribution after 2005.
Effects of deep‐fat frying temperature on antioxidant properties of whole wheat doughnuts
Authors: Nsabimana Phénias , Powers Joseph R. , Chew Boon , Mattinson Scott , Baik Byung‐Kee 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThe total phenolic (TP) content, phenolic acid composition and in vitro antioxidant capacity of whole wheat doughnuts fried at 120–180 °C were determined to identify the effects of frying temperature. Significant differences (P < 0.05) in TP content were observed between doughnuts fried at different temperatures. The TP content of doughnuts decreased significantly when doughnuts were deep‐fat fried. The TP content of doughnuts increased with elevation with frying temperatures. These increases in TP content of doughnuts were also detected in the determination of individual phenolic compounds using HPLC. DPPH radical and iron‐chelating capacity of deep‐fat fried doughnuts exhibited increases with elevation of frying temperature from 120 to 180 °C. Deep‐fat frying at 120 °C lowered lipid peroxidation inhibition capacity of doughnuts prepared from both refined flour and whole‐grain meals and increased consistently with increased frying temperature from 120 to 180 °C. Moderate deep‐fat frying temperature would increase the content and activity of antioxidants of doughnuts.
A “Swedish” actuarial balance for a notional defined contribution pension scheme with disability and minimum pension benefits
Authors: Pérez‐Salamero González Juan M. , Ventura‐Marco Manuel , Vidal‐Meliá Carlos 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis article proposes a “Swedish” type actuarial balance sheet (ABS) for a notional defined contribution (NDC) scheme with disability and minimum pension benefits. The proposed ABS splits the pension system in two parts: the pure NDC part and the redistributive part, which includes the assets and liabilities originating from non‐contributory rights. The article contains a numerical example that sheds light on the real applicability of our proposal. The model has practical implications that could be of interest to policy‐makers, given that it integrates actuarial and social aspects of public pensions and discloses the real cost of redistribution through minimum pensions.
Divergent strategies displayed by potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars to cope with soil drought
Authors: Boguszewska‐Mańkowska D. , Pieczyński M. , Wyrzykowska A. , Kalaji H. M. , Sieczko L. , Szweykowska‐Kulińska Z. , Zagdańska B. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe physiological responses of potato (Solanum tuberosum L) cultivars to soil drought at the tuberization phase and their impact on agronomically important traits were investigated in potted plants under semi‐controlled conditions. Genotype‐dependent responses of potato to water deficiency were evaluated on two pairs (tolerant/sensitive) of Polish cultivars. Each pair of cultivars had a similar genetic background but was extremely different in terms of drought tolerance evaluated on the basis of loss of tuber yield under field conditions. The results clearly indicate different mechanisms of tolerance to water deficiency and the ability to recover from soil drought in two tolerant but genetically unrelated cultivars. When subjected to soil drought, the cultivar Gwiazda had low rates of transpiration and photosynthesis and low levels of stomatal conductance due to hypersensitivity to ABA, but its maximal photochemistry efficiency and PSII performance index were unchanged. Another strategy was displayed by the dehydration‐avoidant cultivar Tajfun, which kept the stomata partially open. Thus, the plants were able to retain a relatively high rate of photosynthesis over transpiration. The parameters measured for cultivar Tajfun for photosynthesis and transpiration were the same after plant rewatering, similar to the control plants. This was not the case for the cultivar Gwiazda. The ability of plants to regenerate after soil drought relief appears to be a good indicator of potato susceptibility to soil drought and allows the yield of potato tubers to be predicted. The physiological traits identified in closely related potato cultivars but differed in their drought tolerance seem to be useful for genetic engineering and breeding programmes.
Therapeutic application of extracellular vesicles in kidney disease: promises and challenges
Authors: Lv Lin‐Li , Wu Wei‐Jun , Feng Ye , Li Zuo‐Lin , Tang Tao‐Tao , Liu Bi‐Cheng 
Published: October 2017

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized, membrane‐bound vesicles released from different cells. Recent studies have revealed that EVs may participate in renal tissue damage and regeneration through mediating inter‐nephron communication. Thus, the potential use of EVs as therapeutic vector has gained considerable interest. In this review, we will discuss the basic characteristics of EVs and its role in nephron cellular communication. Then, the application of EVs as therapeutic vector based on its natural content or as carriers of drug, in acute and chronic kidney injury, was discussed. Finally, perspectives and challenges of EVs in therapy of kidney disease were described.
Practitioner Review: Definition, recognition, and treatment challenges of irritability in young people
Authors: Stringaris Argyris , Vidal‐Ribas Pablo , Brotman Melissa A. , Leibenluft Ellen 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundIrritability is one of the most common reasons for referral to child and adolescent mental health services and is the main characteristic of the new diagnosis of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD). However, the recognition and management of irritability presents a major challenge in clinical practice and may be partly responsible for the dramatic increase in antipsychotic prescribing in recent years.MethodsIn this review, we provide up‐to‐date information on the definition and mechanisms underlying irritability, and its assessment in clinical practice. We aim to discuss the latest research on DMDD, and the presence of severe irritability in the context of other disorders, as well as to recommend a treatment algorithm.ResultsSevere irritability is associated with aberrant reward processing and bias toward threatening stimuli. Several measures are available to easily assess irritability. The recent diagnosis of DMDD captures children whose main problem is severe irritability and differ from those with bipolar disorder in longitudinal outcomes, family history, and behavioral and neural correlates. Treatment of irritability might depend on the context it appears. Indirect evidence suggests that parent management training (PMT) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) are the most supported psychological treatments for irritability.ConclusionsIrritability, recognized as a mood problem rather than a purely behavioral manifestation, is a common condition for young people. Practitioners should not ignore irritability as it is associated with substantial morbidity and impairment. Although there are no trials with irritability as main outcome, clinicians can apply several existing pharmacological and psychological interventions for its treatment. Also, new promising approaches relying on pathophysiological findings, such as exposure‐based cognitive behavioral therapy techniques and interpretation bias training (IBT), are being currently investigated.