bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomedical Applications of DNA‐Nanomaterials Based on Metallic Nanoparticles and DNA Self‐Assembled Nanostructures
Authors: Wen Yanli , Li Lanying , Wang Lele , Xu Li , Liang Wen , Ren Suzhen , Liu Gang 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDNA is the carrier of genetic information, and its sequence can be designed to realize many important functions, including DNAzyme, aptamer and even structurally precise nanomaterials. The development of DNA nanotechnology combined functional nucleic acids with nanomaterials for various effective biomedical applications. Here, we reviewed the application of DNA‐nanomaterials in two biomedical fields: early diagnosis and drug delivery. And in each field, we mainly focused on two kinds of nanomaterials: metallic nanoparticles and DNA self‐assembled nanomaterials. DNA metallic nanomaterials showed unique optical, electronic and magnetic properties in bioanalysis, and when functioned by DNA, their specificity was improved for both biosensor development and drug delivery. More recently, many DNA self‐assembled nanomaterials were introduced into biomedical application for their well‐defined structure and excellent biocompatibility. We summarized the research of these two kinds of DNA‐nanomaterials for biomedical purposes, and finally made some prospection about their future development.
Depression and Multiple Rehospitalizations in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Freedland Kenneth E. , Carney Robert M. , Rich Michael W. , Steinmeyer Brian C. , Skala Judith A. , Dávila‐Román Victor G. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundThere have been few studies of the effect of depression on rehospitalization in patients with heart failure (HF), and even fewer on its role in multiple rehospitalizations.HypothesisDepression is an independent risk factor for multiple readmissions in patients with HF.MethodsA cohort of 662 patients with HF who were discharged alive after hospitalization were interviewed to evaluate symptoms of depression and were followed for 1 year. All‐cause readmissions were documented by chart review. A marginal proportional rates model was used to model the effect of depression on the rate of rehospitalization with adjustment for known predictors of HF outcomes.ResultsDepression symptoms predicted multiple readmissions (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03‐1.13, P = 0.0008). Compared with patients without depression, those who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM‐IV) criteria for major depression at index were at the highest risk for multiple rehospitalizations (HR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.15‐1.97, P = 0.003).ConclusionsDepression is an independent risk factor for multiple all‐cause readmissions in patients with HF.
Estimating spectral reflectance from camera responses based on CIEXYZ tristimulus values under multi‐illuminants
Authors: Zhang Xiandou , Wang Qiang , Li Jincheng , Zhou Xiaohui , Yang Yuechuan , Xu Haisong 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA new spectral reflectance estimation method based on CIE XYZ values under multi‐illuminants was proposed to obtain multi‐spectral images accurately by using digital still cameras. CIE XYZ values under multi‐illuminants were initially predicted from raw RGB responses by using a polynomial model with local training samples. Then, spectral reflectance was constructed from the predicted CIE XYZ values via the pseudo‐inverse method. Experimental results indicated that the new spectral reflectance estimation method significantly outperformed the traditional colorimetric characterization method without requiring extra training samples or greatly increasing computational complexities. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 42, 68–77, 2017
Anomalous Freezing of Nano‐Confined Water in Room‐Temperature Ionic Liquid 1‐Butyl‐3‐Methylimidazolium Nitrate
Authors: Abe Hiroshi , Takekiyo Takahiro , Yoshimura Yukihiro , Saihara Koji , Shimizu Akio 
Published: February 2016

AbstractNon‐crystal formation of ice is investigated by simultaneous X‐ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry measurements upon cooling to −100 °C. At room temperature, size‐tunable water confinement (≈20 Å size) in a room‐temperature ionic liquid (RTIL, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium nitrate, [C4mim][NO3]) exists in a water‐rich region (70–90 mol % D2O). The confined water (water pocket) is characterized by almost monodispersive size distribution. In [C4mim][NO3]‐x mol % D2O (70<x<94), the absence of sharp Bragg reflections and a distinct exothermal peak indicate that crystallization/cold crystallization both of [C4mim][NO3] and D2O is suppressed, even upon slow cooling and heating.
Correlates of health related quality of life in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Weigel Angelika , König Hans‐Helmut , Gumz Antje , Löwe Bernd , Brettschneider Christian 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveWe examined the association between disorder specific factors, comorbidity and health related quality of life (HRQoL) in anorexia nervosa (AN).MethodHRQoL was assessed using the EuroQol‐5D visual analog scale (EQ‐VAS) in this cross‐sectional study. Three regression models were estimated to determine the association between AN subtype (restrictive vs. binge/purge), duration of the eating disorder (ED), age (adolescents vs. adults), ED pathology (EDE‐Q), Body Mass Index (BMI), depressive symptoms (PHQ‐9), somatic complaints (PHQ‐15), anxiety (GAD‐7) and EQ‐VAS.ResultsThe sample comprised 218 female AN patients (mean age = 23.3 years [SD = 8.2]; mean EQ‐VAS score = 53.4 [SD = 21.4]). A lower BMI, higher levels of depressive symptoms, and somatic complaints were significantly associated with lower EQ‐VAS scores.DiscussionFindings of the present study suggest that BMI and comorbidity might be more relevant to HRQoL impairments in AN than age, diagnostic subtype, duration of the ED or current psychopathology. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:630–634)
Different pitcher shapes and trapping syndromes explain resource partitioning inNepenthesspecies
Authors: Gaume Laurence , Bazile Vincent , Huguin Maïlis , Bonhomme Vincent 
Published: February 2016

AbstractNepenthespitcher plants display interspecific diversity in pitcher form and diets. This species‐rich genus might be a conspicuous candidate for an adaptive radiation. However, the pitcher traits of different species have never been quantified in a comparative study, nor have their possible adaptations to the resources they exploit been tested. In this study, we compare the pitcher features and prey composition of the sevenNepenthestaxa that grow in the heath forest of Brunei (Borneo) and investigate whether these species display different trapping syndromes that target different prey. TheNepenthesspecies are shown to display species‐specific combinations of pitcher shapes, volumes, rewards, attraction and capture traits, and different degrees of ontogenetic pitcher dimorphism. The prey spectra also differ among plant species and between ontogenetic morphotypes in their combinations of ants, flying insects, termites, and noninsect guilds. According to a discriminant analysis, theNepenthesspecies collected at the same site differ significantly in prey abundance and composition at the level of order, showing niche segregation but with varying degrees of niche overlap according to pairwise species comparisons. Weakly carnivorous species are first characterized by an absence of attractive traits. Generalist carnivorous species have a sweet odor, a wide pitcher aperture, and an acidic pitcher fluid. Guild specializations are explained by different combinations of morpho‐functional traits. Ant captures increase with extrafloral nectar, fluid acidity, and slippery waxy walls. Termite captures increase with narrowness of pitchers, presence of a rim of edible trichomes, and symbiotic association with ants. The abundance of flying insects is primarily correlated with pitcher conicity, pitcher aperture diameter, and odor presence. Such species‐specific syndromes favoring resource partitioning may result from local character displacement by competition and/or previous adaptations to geographically distinct environments.
The role of local versus biogeographical processes in influencing diversity and body‐size variation in mammal assemblages
Authors: Lopez Luiz Carlos S. , Figueiredo Marcos S. L. , Fracasso Maria Paula de Aguiar , Mesquita Daniel Oliveira , Anjos Ulisses Umbelino , Grelle Carlos Eduardo Viveiros 
Published: February 2016

AbstractOur objective was to estimate and analyze the body‐size distribution parameters of terrestrial mammal assemblages at different spatial scales, and to determine whether these parameters are controlled by local ecological processes or by larger‐scale ones. Based on 93 local assemblages, plus the complete mammal assemblage from three continents (Africa, North, and South America), we estimated three key distribution parameters (diversity/size slope, skewness, and modal size) and compared the values to those expected if size distributions are mainly controlled by local interactions. Mammal diversity decreased much faster as body size increased than predicted by fractal niche theory, both at continental and at local scales, with continental distributions showing steeper slopes than the localities within them. South America showed a steeper slope (after controlling for species diversity), compared to Africa and North America, at local and continental scales. We also found that skewness and modal body size can show strikingly different correlations with predictor variables, such as species richness and median size, depending on the use of untransformed versus log‐transformed data, due to changes in the distribution density generated by log‐transformation. The main differences in slope, skewness, and modal size between local and continental scales appear to arise from the same biogeographical process, where small‐sized species increase in diversity much faster (due to higher spatial turnover rates) than large‐sized species. This process, which can operate even in the absence of competitive saturation at local scales, generates continental assemblages with steeper slopes, smaller modal sizes, and higher right skewness (toward small‐sized species) compared to local communities. In addition, historical factors can also affect the size distribution slopes, which are significantly steeper, in South American mammal assemblages (probably due to stronger megafauna extinction events in South America) than those in North America and Africa.
Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Amines by Ni­(1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane)2+ Entrapped in Sol–Gel Electrodes
Authors: Burg Ariela , Shamir Dror , Apelbaum Lina , Albo Yael , Maimon Eric , Meyerstein Dan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is Ariela Burg from the Sami Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer‐Sheva, Israel. The cover image shows a sol–gel electrode in which a nickel complex is entrapped. This system serves as an electrocatalyst for the oxidation of amines.
Barley root hair growth and morphology in soil, sand, and water solution media and relationship with nickel toxicity
Authors: Lin Yanqing , Allen Herbert E. , Di Toro Dominic M. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Barley, Hordeum vulgare (Doyce), was grown in the 3 media of soil, hydroponic sand solution (sand), and hydroponic water solution (water) culture at the same environmental conditions for 4 d. Barley roots were scanned, and root morphology was analyzed. Plants grown in the 3 media had different root morphology and nickel (Ni) toxicity response. Root elongations and total root lengths followed the sequence soil &gt; sand &gt; water. Plants grown in water culture were more sensitive to Ni toxicity and had greater root hair length than those from soil and sand cultures, which increased root surface area. The unit root surface area as root surface area per centimeter of length of root followed the sequence water &gt; sand &gt; soil and was found to be related with root elongation. Including the unit root surface area, the difference in root elongation and 50% effective concentration were diminished, and percentage of root elongations can be improved with a root mean square error approximately 10% for plants grown in different media. Because the unit root surface area of plants in sand culture is closer to that in soil culture, the sand culture method, not water culture, is recommended for toxicity parameter estimation. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2125–2133. © 2016 SETAC
Identifying Android malware with system call co‐occurrence matrices
Authors: Xiao Xi , Xiao Xianni , Jiang Yong , Liu Xuejiao , Ye Runguo 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWith the popularity of Android devices, mobile malware in Android has became more prevalent. Malware causes lots of harm to users, such as stealing personal information and using too much battery or CPU. Detecting mobile malware is the main task in Android security. In this work, we use a dynamic analysis method to distinguish malware with system call sequences. At first, we track the system calls of applications under different events. Then two different feature models, the frequency vector and the co‐occurrence matrix, are employed to extract features from the system call sequence. Finally, we apply Adaptive Regularization Of Weight Vectors and other machine learning algorithms to identify Android malware based on the aforementioned two models, respectively. We evaluate our method with 1189 benign applications and 1227 malicious applications. The experiment results show that the co‐occurrence matrix can achieve a much better detection rate than the frequency vector. Our best detection rate is 97.7per cent with false positive rate being 1.34per cent, which is better than those of the existing methods. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of aboveground biomass removal on soil macronutrient over time in Munesa Shashemane, Ethiopia
Authors: Madalcho Aklilu Bajigo 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis study aims to compare the proportion of macronutrients in different parts of the aboveground biomass; and to estimate the amount of macronutrient loss from continuous farmlands (mechanized farm and traditional farm) and plantation stands (Cupresus lusitanica and Eucalyptus saligna) through harvesting. From 20 × 20 m2 sized sample plots, a representative samples were collected from leaf, branch and stem of the plantation stands. Macronutrient analyses were carried out for the samples taken from plantations and maize crops on continuous farmlands. All data collected were subjected to ANOVA using the general linear model of SAS 9.0 at P < 0.05. The results of macronutrient in aboveground biomass of maize in the continuous farm lands shows that, the grain component contained as much as 50% of N and 60% of P compared to leaf and stem. However, a high proportion of K, Ca, and Mg were found in the leaf and stem components. In the case of C. lusitanica, 64.4% N, 70% P, 68.4% K, 65.3% Ca, and 68.75% of Mg was found in the stem compared to the leaf and branch. In the E. saligna, the stem contained 22% N, 30% P, 11.8% K, 26.6% Ca, and 12.5% Mg; with the remaining proportion of each nutrient found in the leaf and branch. Based on the results, much of the nutrients can be removed through the leaf and stem removal in the continuous farmlands. Complete removal of the biomass with little residue returned to the soil, for long periods under plantation land use, may also lead to macronutrient depletion. Therefore, to minimize this effect, the aboveground biomass harvest should focus on grain only on the farmlands, and stem only on the plantations.
Persistent Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Musculoskeletal Parameters in Adolescents One Year After Trial Completion
Authors: Ghazal Nisrine , Al-Shaar Laila , Maalouf Joyce , Nabulsi Mona , Arabi Asma , Choucair Mahmoud , Tamim Hani , Mahfoud Ziad , El-Hajj Fuleihan Ghada 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

We showed a beneficial effect of vitamin D supplementation on musculoskeletal parameters in adolescent girls in a 1-year, randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled trial (RCT). Our objective for this study was to investigate the residual effect of vitamin D supplementation on bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), at the lumbar spine and hip, lean mass, and height, 1 year after trial completion. We performed post hoc analyses in 167 adolescents, 86 girls and 81 boys, age 13.9 ± 2 years, who received vitamin D or placebo during the trial, and continued into the follow-up trial. Musculoskeletal parameters were measured at baseline, 12 months (intervention), and 24 months (follow-up). ANOVA and t tests were used to compare results between the placebo group and the merged vitamin D arms (200 or 2000 IU/day), by gender. Baseline characteristics were comparable between treatment groups at entry into the extension. Girls who had received vitamin D during the trial, had significantly larger hip BMC increments compared to those assigned to placebo, at 24 months compared to study entry, but not 24 compared to 12 months, which persisted in adjusted analyses. There were no significant differences in bone mass changes between treatment groups in boys, at 24 months compared to 12 months or to baseline. The beneficial effect of vitamin D supplementation on hip bone mass, achieved in girls during the trial, persisted 1 year after trial completion. These net cumulative increments, 1 year after discontinuation of supplementation, may have important implications on optimizing peak bone mass accretion in adolescent girls. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Circadian Clock Regulates Bone Resorption in Mice
Authors: Xu Cheng , Ochi Hiroki , Fukuda Toru , Sato Shingo , Sunamura Satoko , Takarada Takeshi , Hinoi Eiichi , Okawa Atsushi , Takeda Shu 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

The circadian clock controls many behavioral and physiological processes beyond daily rhythms. Circadian dysfunction increases the risk of cancer, obesity, and cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Although clinical studies have shown that bone resorption is controlled by circadian rhythm, as indicated by diurnal variations in bone resorption, the molecular mechanism of circadian clock–dependent bone resorption remains unknown. To clarify the role of circadian rhythm in bone resorption, aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like (Bmal1), a prototype circadian gene, was knocked out specifically in osteoclasts. Osteoclast-specific Bmal1-knockout mice showed a high bone mass phenotype due to reduced osteoclast differentiation. A cell-based assay revealed that BMAL1 upregulated nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin-dependent 1 (Nfatc1) transcription through its binding to an E-box element located on the Nfatc1 promoter in cooperation with circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK), a heterodimer partner of BMAL1. Moreover, steroid receptor coactivator (SRC) family members were shown to interact with and upregulate BMAL1:CLOCK transcriptional activity. Collectively, these data suggest that bone resorption is controlled by osteoclastic BMAL1 through interactions with the SRC family and binding to the Nfatc1 promoter. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Cointegration modelling for empirical South American seasonal temperature forecasts
Authors: Turasie Alemtsehai A. , Coelho Caio A. S. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThis study investigates an alternative modelling approach for empirical seasonal temperature forecasts over South America. Seasonal average temperatures are found to be non‐stationary at most parts of South America over the 1949–2012 period. Simple persistence and lagged regression methods have considerable correlation skill in forecasting next season temperature using previous season temperature as predictor. However, the presence of trends in both predictor and predictand temperature variables can affect correlation skill. Models that can account for non‐stationarity in these variables may do better in modelling and forecasting seasonal temperatures known to have trends. A novel method (cointegration), introduced here for empirical seasonal climate forecasting, is found to perform better than the traditional persistence and regression forecasts for places where the predictor and predictand temperatures have stochastic trends. Potential skill pairwise comparisons between temperature forecasts produced with cointegration and those produced using persistence and lagged regression have shown that the alternative cointegration method performs significantly better than the other two. One of the main reasons for the better performance of cointegration method is that the modelling procedure accounts for the existing non‐stationarity in the process, and thus enables the estimated model to predict out of the range as efficiently as possible. Overall, this method appears to be ideal for modelling and predicting climate under the current global warming scenario. This is because most of the climatic variables including temperature in particular cannot be assumed to be stationary through time under such warming scenario.
Si3N4 as a biomaterial and its tribo‐characterization under water lubrication
Authors: Özmen Yılmaz 
Published: February 2016

AbstractHip implant wear is recognised as the main cause of hip implant failure therefore has been widely investigated both experimentally and clinically, demonstrating the coexistence of abrasive, adhesive, fatigue and corrosive wear. Many clinical in vivo and bulk material wear rate data from published literature have been presented for non‐oxide ceramic implants. Several studies have shown that the coefficient of friction of self‐mated silicon nitride in water decreases from an initially high value to about 0.002 after a certain run‐in period. Since the worn surfaces become extremely smooth, the low friction is attributed to the initiation of hydrodynamic lubrication by a thin water film at the interface. The possibility of mixed lubrication, i.e. hydrodynamic lubrication by water and boundary lubrication due to the presence of colloidal silica on the wearing surfaces, has also been proposed.Influence of load, speed and surface roughness on the duration of the run‐in period of silicon nitride under water lubrication was investigated in this study. The results confirmed that a low coefficient of friction is obtained following a run‐in period when a wear scar of sufficient size is developed to reduce the contact stress. The run‐in period, during which the coefficient of friction is fairly high, is shorter for smoother surfaces and at higher loads and speeds. The striations that appeared to be associated with the high‐friction spikes can be formed as a result of surface film breakdown. Although the results are consistent with the proposed mechanisms of hydrodynamic lubrication or mixed lubrication, it is proposed that the low‐friction behaviour may also be related to fundamental interactions between two hard and elastically deforming surfaces covered with hydrogen‐terminated oxide films. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.