bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability Criteria for Liver Stiffness Measurements with Real-Time 2D Shear Wave Elastography in Different Clinical Scenarios of Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Thiele Maja , Madsen Bjørn , Procopet Bogdan , Hansen Janne , Møller Linda , Detlefsen Sönke , Berzigotti Annalisa , Krag Aleksander 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Purpose Liver stiffness measurement by real-time 2-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) lacks universal reliability criteria. We sought to assess whether previously published 2D-SWE reliability criteria for portal hypertension were applicable for the evaluation of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, and to look for criteria that minimize the risk of misclassification in this setting.
Materials and Methods In a biopsy-controlled diagnostic study, we obtained five 2D-SWE measurements of optimal image quality. Correctly classified cases of fibrosis and cirrhosis were compared to misclassified cases. We compared reliability predictors (standard deviation (SD), SD/mean, size of region of interest (ROI) and difference between a single measurement and the patient’s median) with those obtained in a prior study on clinically significant portal hypertension.
Results We obtained 678 2D-SWE measurements from 142 patients. Overall, the variability in liver stiffness within single 2D-SWE measurements was low (SD = 1.1 ± 1.5kPa; SD/mean = 12 ± 9 %). Intra-observer analysis showed almost perfect concordance (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.95; 95 % CI 0.94 – 0.96; average difference from median = 0.4 ± 0.9kPa). For the diagnosis of cirrhosis, a smaller SD (optimally ≤ 1.75 kPa) and larger ROI size (optimally ≥ 18 mm) were associated with higher accuracy. Similarly, within the published cohort of patients assessed for portal hypertension, a low variability of measurements was associated with high reliability.
Conclusion A high quality 2D-SWE elastogram ensures low variability and high reliability, regardless of indication. We recommend aiming for a combination of low standard deviation and large ROI.
Apathy, excitement and resistance: teaching feminism in business and management schools
Authors: Sang Katherine , Glasgow Steven 
Published: June 2016

AbstractFeminism, gender and women’s issues have been side-lined within business and management studies in the United Kingdom, evidenced by the inclusion of only one highly ranked gender journal in the recent ABS journal quality list. While there have been some efforts to critique gendered research norms within business and management schools, less is known about the experiences of those engaged in designing and delivering curricula. This article begins by examining the extant literature on the experiences of feminist academics, leading to a discussion of the limited research on business and management schools. It then moves to a description of the methods adopted, namely, qualitative interviews with academics engaged in feminist teaching, and reflections from the authoring team. The findings are presented, highlighting how participants conceptualize feminism, the use of feminism in curricula development, and how the academic community responds to the teaching of feminism. The article concludes with a consideration of areas for future research. The study contributes to the understanding of the experiences of working within the contemporary business school, specifically for academics engaged in a social justice approach to teaching. It identifies that experiences are not universal, with feminism creating space for excitement for both staff and students, but potentially increasingly vulnerability for isolation and marginalization. This article is published as part of a thematic collection on gender studies.
A fine balance: individualism, society and the prevention of mental illness in the United States, 1945–1968
Authors: Smith Matthew 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn the introduction to a collection of his essays entitled Society as Patient (1950), American social scientist and Rockefeller Foundation administrator Lawrence K Frank (1890–1968) claimed that, to prevent the apparently escalating rates of mental illness: “The individual, instead of seeking his own personal salvation and security, must recognize his almost complete dependence upon the group life and see his only hope in and through cultural reorganization”. Americans, Frank continued, would have “to give up … time-honored beliefs in human volition and responsibility” and “replace them with a larger and humanly more valuable belief in cultural self-determination, social volition, and group responsibility”. For Americans entering the 1950s, a decade of postwar prosperity, McCarthyism and free market capitalism, such communitarian thinking might have been anathema. But also arising out of the American experience of the Second World War were mounting concerns about mental health, due in part to the large number of American military recruits rejected on psychiatric grounds and American soldiers granted psychiatric discharge. In the face of affluence and contentment was alarm that many more Americans were mentally disordered than previously thought, and that new preventive approaches to mental health were required. Addressing these concerns during the postwar period was a new approach to psychiatry: social psychiatry. Rooted in both the child guidance and mental hygiene movements of the early twentieth century as well as contemporary social scientific research, social psychiatry was “a preventive psychiatry”, an epidemiological approach to mental health dedicated to identifying the environmental causes of mental illness—ranging from overcrowding and poverty to social exclusion and racism—and eradicating them. In this article, I explore how the economic and social implications of social psychiatry were articulated. Did social psychiatrists believe that it was possible to re-balance American society, not merely in economic terms, but also with respect to counter-balancing the prevailing ideology of “rugged individualism” with a more communitarian outlook? To what degree were they willing to do this themselves, eschewing lucrative psychoanalytic practices for community psychiatry? I will suggest that, although many of the aspirations of social psychiatry were unrealistic, and possibly utopian, they are worth re-considering. This article is published as part of a collection entitled ‘On balance: lifestyle, mental health and wellbeing’.
Five years after Fukushima: scientific advice in Japan
Authors: Sato Yasushi , Arimoto Tateo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn the last 5 years, scientific advice has emerged as a new policy theme in Japan. In 2010, virtually no one in Japan’s science policy circle spoke of scientific advice. By 2015, Japan was proactively involved in international discussions on scientific advice, and both the government and the scientific community recognized it as a key area of concern. This article describes how the issue of scientific advice came to attain recognition in Japan’s science policy community in the first half of the 2010s. It can be regarded as a study of a case in which attention to scientific advice greatly increased in a relatively short period of time and progress towards the goal of constructing an effective national scientific advisory system was witnessed. In Japan’s case, two coinciding developments powerfully drove the phenomenon observed: the unfolding of debate on the roles and responsibilities of scientists and the government, prompted by the Great East Japan Earthquake and the ensuing tsunami and nuclear disaster in March 2011; and a parallel surge in attention to scientific advice in the international community. Having considered the path that Japan has taken, the last part of this article will call for the nation’s sustained effort to be engaged in ongoing international endeavours to strengthen scientific advice. This article is published as part of a collection on scientific advice to governments.
Photodegradation of retinal bisretinoids in mouse models and implications for macular degeneration
Authors: Ueda Keiko , Zhao Jin , Kim Hye Jin , Sparrow Janet R. 
Published: June 2016

Significance
Visual cycle adducts having bisretinoid structures accumulate in retinal pigment epithelial cells as lipofuscin. These light-sensitive compounds are implicated in disease mechanisms leading to visual impairment in some inherited and age-related forms of macular degeneration. The means by which these diretinal adducts impart chronic damage is not fully understood. By studying mice raised under varying levels of intraocular light and by analyzing mice treated with vitamin E, we provide evidence of chronic bisretinoid photooxidation and degradation in the eye. These processes could shed light on oxidative and light-related mechanisms involved in disease pathogenesis and provide support for therapeutic approaches that target bisretinoids.
Southern Ocean phytoplankton turnover in response to stepwise Antarctic cooling over the past 15 million years
Authors: Crampton James S. , Cody Rosie D. , Levy Richard , Harwood David , McKay Robert , Naish Tim R. 
Published: June 2016

Significance
Based on data of unprecedented resolution, we show that phytoplankton (diatoms) in the Southern Ocean have experienced five major pulses of species extinction and origination over the past 15 My that were linked to large cooling transitions in southern high latitudes. Our findings suggest that phytoplankton communities around Antarctica have been robust to “baseline” glacial–interglacial climate variability but were sensitive to large-scale changes in mean climate state driven by a combination of long-period variations in orbital forcing and atmospheric carbon dioxide perturbations.
Tau protein is essential for stress-induced brain pathology
Authors: Lopes Sofia , Vaz-Silva João , Pinto Vitor , Dalla Christina , Kokras Nikolaos , Bedenk Benedikt , Mack Natalie , Czisch Michael , Almeida Osborne F. X. , Sousa Nuno , Sotiropoulos Ioannis 
Published: June 2016

Significance
Exposure to stressful events is a well-known inducer of neuronal atrophy implicated in the development of neuropsychiatric and neurological pathologies (e.g., depression and Alzheimer’s disease), although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. The current study demonstrates that absence of the cytoskeletal protein Tau blocks stress-evoked hippocampal synaptic signaling and morphofunctional damages related to both neuronal structure and connectivity as well as subsequent behavioral deficits. These findings suggest, for the first time to our knowledge, that Tau protein is a key regulator of neuronal malfunction found in stress-driven hippocampal pathology.
Encounter with mesoscale eddies enhances survival to settlement in larval coral reef fishes
Authors: Shulzitski Kathryn , Sponaugle Su , Hauff Martha , Walter Kristen D. , Cowen Robert K. 
Published: June 2016

Significance
Quantifying connectivity among geographically separated subpopulations is necessary for successful management and conservation of marine resources, and a mechanistic understanding of growth and mortality during the pelagic larval stage is essential for obtaining accurate predictions of dispersal and population replenishment. Our finding that the pelagic environment encountered by larvae of coral reef fishes significantly influences larval growth, selective mortality, and the composition of survivors has important implications for understanding population connectivity. High productivity oceanographic features enhance larval survival and potentially increase the contribution of locally spawned larvae to reef populations. Incorporation of spatially explicit larval growth and survivorship into dispersal models will improve quantification of population connectivity for marine organisms both now and in the future.
Digital design of multimaterial photonic particles
Authors: Tao Guangming , Kaufman Joshua J. , Shabahang Soroush , Rezvani Naraghi Roxana , Sukhov Sergey V. , Joannopoulos John D. , Fink Yoel , Dogariu Aristide , Abouraddy Ayman F. 
Published: June 2016

Significance
We present an approach for the facile fabrication of dielectric particles having the size of an optical wavelength yet endowed with a complex multimaterial internal nanoscale architecture. This methodology amounts to “digitally designing” the particle by precisely allocating the desired material at prescribed coordinates within the 3D volume of the particle. The digital design of such a photonic particle enables sophisticated strategies for controlling light scattering. As an example, without changing the size of a core–shell particle, its optical scattering strength can be tuned above or below that afforded by its constitutive materials by changing the core–shell diameter ratio. This work may lead to the development of new optical coatings and paints with exotic functionality.
Chiral modes and directional lasing at exceptional points
Authors: Peng Bo , Özdemir Şahin Kaya , Liertzer Matthias , Chen Weijian , Kramer Johannes , Yılmaz Huzeyfe , Wiersig Jan , Rotter Stefan , Yang Lan 
Published: June 2016

Significance
Exceptional points (EPs) emerge when a system with loss or gain is tuned such that its eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenstates coalesce. By operating close to two EPs, we achieved a dynamic control of the rotation direction of light in a whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) resonator. This enabled us to tune the emission direction of a WGM microlaser from bidirectional, when the system is away from the EPs, to unidirectional emission at EPs and to reverse the emission direction by moving from one EP to the other. This feature provides WGM resonators new functionalities useful for lasing, sensing, optomechanics, and cavity quantum electrodynamics. Our findings will help to develop novel technologies for controlling the light flow on-chip and could affect scientific fields beyond optics.
Elucidation of cladofulvin biosynthesis reveals a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase required for anthraquinone dimerization
Authors: Griffiths Scott , Mesarich Carl H. , Saccomanno Benedetta , Vaisberg Abraham , De Wit Pierre J. G. M. , Cox Russell , Collemare Jérôme 
Published: June 2016

Significance
Anthraquinones are potent secondary metabolites produced by many fungi and plants used in traditional Chinese and Indian medicine. Many display useful biological properties, including antineoplastic, antiinflammatory, antiinfective, or antiparasitic activities. The chemical structure of anthraquinones is very diverse, with many occurring as homo- and heterodimers. Anthraquinone biosynthetic pathways must be elucidated before novel structurally complex chemicals with new or enhanced biological activity can be engineered. In this study, we identified an enzyme involved in asymmetrical dimerization of nataloe-emodin, which results in increased cytotoxicity toward a range of cancer cell lines. Mastering the substrate specificity of this enzyme (and other similar enzymes) could lead to the dimerization of anthraquinone-related compounds with medicinal activities.
Transplantation of iPSC-derived TM cells rescues glaucoma phenotypes in vivo
Authors: Zhu Wei , Gramlich Oliver W. , Laboissonniere Lauren , Jain Ankur , Sheffield Val C. , Trimarchi Jeffrey M. , Tucker Budd A. , Kuehn Markus H. 
Published: June 2016

Significance
The regulation of intraocular pressure (IOP) is vital for the health of the eye. Failure to maintain IOP frequently leads to vision loss in glaucoma. The IOP is maintained by the trabecular meshwork (TM), which exhibits decreased cellular density with age and disease. Here we demonstrate that induced pluripotent stem cells differentiated into TM cells (designated iPSC-TM) restore TM function for over 9 wk, regulate IOP, and prevent neuronal loss in a glaucoma mouse model. Transplanted iPSC-TM survive in the TM, but the most pronounced effect of transplantation is a robust proliferative response of endogenous TM cells. These findings suggest that lasting restoration of IOP control through iPSC-TM transplantation is possible and may represent a novel treatment approach for glaucoma.
APE1/Ref-1 facilitates recovery of gray and white matter and neurological function after mild stroke injury
Authors: Stetler R. Anne , Gao Yanqin , Leak Rehana K. , Weng Zhongfang , Shi Yejie , Zhang Lili , Pu Hongjian , Zhang Feng , Hu Xiaoming , Hassan Sulaiman , Ferguson Carolyn , Homanics Gregg E. , Cao Guodong , Bennett Michael V. L. , Chen Jun 
Published: June 2016

Significance
AP endonuclease-1 (APE1)/redox effector factor-1 (Ref-1) is an essential DNA repair enzyme that has been difficult to study mechanistically because of embryonic lethality in conventional knockout animals. Thus, we generated a conditional APE1 knockout model to examine the protective role of endogenous APE1 in experimental stroke. Induced APE1 knockout in adulthood greatly exacerbated neuron and oligodendrocyte loss after mild ischemic stroke and prevented the intrinsic, long-term recovery of sensorimotor function and spatial learning and memory. APE1 knockout also aggravated ischemia-induced destruction of myelin and impairment of axon conduction in white matter. We conclude that APE1 dictates fundamental life and death decisions in both gray and white matter and plays an indispensable role in intrinsic recovery after mild ischemic injury.
An assessment of residual stress mitigation strategies for laser clad deposits
Authors: Martinez Hurtado A. , Francis J. A. , Stevens N. P. C. 
Published: June 2016

Laser cladding can be used for reclamation or for improving the corrosion resistance of engineering components. However, the process introduces substantial levels of residual stress, which can exacerbate corrosion. In this study, the effectiveness of different residual stress mitigation strategies was investigated. Laser clad overlays were produced by melting an austenitic stainless steel powder onto either an austenitic stainless steel or a mild steel substrate. Residual stresses were measured, using the hole-drilling technique, in the as-clad condition as well as after either laser shock peening (LSP) or post-weld heat treatment (PWHT). Samples were then subjected to corrosion testing. In all cases, LSP delayed the onset of corrosion cracks. However, PWHT was only effective when the substrate and overlay materials matched. This paper is part of a Themed Issue on Measurement, modelling and mitigation of residual stress.
Endogenous nitric oxide mediates He-Ne laser-induced adaptive responses in salt stressed-tall fescue leaves
Authors: Li Yongfeng , Gao Limei , Han Rong 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of endogenous nitric oxide in protective effects of He–Ne laser on salt stressed-tall fescue leaves. Salt stress resulted in significant increases of membrane injury, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, polyamine accumulation, and activities of SOD, POD, and APX, while pronounced decreases of antioxidant contents, CAT activity and intracellular Ca2+ concentration in seedlings leaves. He–Ne laser illumination caused a distinct alleviation of cellular injury that was reflected by the lower MDA amounts, polyamine accumulation and ROS levels at the stress period. In contrast, the laser treatment displayed a higher Ca2+ concentration, antioxidant amounts, NO release, antioxidant enzyme, and NOS activities. These responses could be blocked due to the inhibition of NO biosynthesis by PTIO (NO scavenger) or LNNA (NOS inhibitor). The presented results demonstrated that endogenous NO might be involved in the progress of He–Ne laser-induced plant antioxidant system activation and ROS degradation in order to enhance adaptive responses of tall fescue to prolonged saline conditions.
Inhibitory effects of caffeine on gustatory plasticity in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Urushihata Takuya , Takuwa Hiroyuki , Higuchi Yukako , Sakata Kazumi , Wakabayashi Tokumitsu , Nishino Asuka , Matsuura Tetsuya 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The effects of caffeine on salt chemotaxis learning were investigated using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. To estimate the degree of salt chemotaxis learning, nematodes were placed in a mixed solution of NaCl and caffeine, and then the chemotaxis index of NaCl was obtained from the nematodes placed on agar medium after pre-exposure to caffeine concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0%. Locomotor activity and preference behavior for caffeine were also estimated under these caffeine conditions. Nematodes pre-exposed to 0.3% caffeine showed inhibition of salt chemotaxis learning. Additional experiments indicated that nematodes showed a preference response to the middle concentration of caffeine (0.1%), with preference behavior declining in the 0.3% caffeine condition. Stable locomotor activity was observed under 0.01–0.3% caffeine conditions. These results suggest that salt chemotaxis learning with 0.3% caffeine is useful for investigating the effects of caffeine on learning in nematodes.
Potential involvement of drought-induced Ran GTPase CLRan1 in root growth enhancement in a xerophyte wild watermelon
Authors: Akashi Kinya , Yoshimura Kazuya , Kajikawa Masataka , Hanada Kouhei , Kosaka Rina , Kato Atsushi , Katoh Akira , Nanasato Yoshihiko , Tsujimoto Hisashi , Yokota Akiho 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Enhanced root growth is known as the survival strategy of plants under drought. Previous proteome analysis in drought-resistant wild watermelon has shown that Ran GTPase, an essential regulator of cell division and proliferation, was induced in the roots under drought. In this study, two cDNAs were isolated from wild watermelon, CLRan1 and CLRan2, which showed a high degree of structural similarity with those of other plant Ran GTPases. Quantitative RT-PCR and promoter-GUS assays suggested that CLRan1 was expressed mainly in the root apex and lateral root primordia, whereas CLRan2 was more broadly expressed in other part of the roots. Immunoblotting analysis confirmed that the abundance of CLRan proteins was elevated in the root apex region under drought stress. Transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing CLRan1 showed enhanced primary root growth, and the growth was maintained under osmotic stress, indicating that CLRan1 functions as a positive factor for maintaining root growth under stress conditions.
R.JIVE for exploration of multi-source molecular data
Authors: O’Connell Michael J. , Lock Eric F. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSummary: The integrative analysis of multiple high-throughput data sources that are available for a common sample set is an increasingly common goal in biomedical research. Joint and individual variation explained (JIVE) is a tool for exploratory dimension reduction that decomposes a multi-source dataset into three terms: a low-rank approximation capturing joint variation across sources, low-rank approximations for structured variation individual to each source and residual noise. JIVE has been used to explore multi-source data for a variety of application areas but its accessibility was previously limited. We introduce R.JIVE, an intuitive R package to perform JIVE and visualize the results. We discuss several improvements and extensions of the JIVE methodology that are included. We illustrate the package with an application to multi-source breast tumor data from The Cancer Genome Atlas.Availability and Implementation: R.JIVE is available via the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN) under the GPLv3 license: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/r.jive/.Contact: elock@umn.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.