bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Pattern of Bacteria and its Resistance on Adult Sepsis Patient at Dr. Moewardi General Hospital, Indonesia
Authors: Mahendra Andika Dwi , Kuswandi M. , Kusuma Ika Trisharyanti D. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundSepsis incidence which related with morbidity and mortality, is globally increasing. Sepsis occurs because of severe infections. Sepsis has life-threatening potential with organ disfungction complication, septic shock, and death. Alteration of resistance pattern always change at certain period. The aim of the study is to investigate the bacteria pattern and its resistance from adult sepsis patient at Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital.MethodsIsolated bacteria from adult sepsis patient’s blood at Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital. 7 bacteria isolates were taken from blood of adult sepsis patient (September - October 2014) and 46 bacteria isolates of secondary data (January - March 2014) at Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital. Bacteria isolation was performed based on standard Laboratory of Microbiology of Dr. Moewardi Regional General Hospital. 7 bacteria isolates were tested by using disc diffusion antibiotic on Mueller Hinton and coupled by 46 secondary data.ResultsThe bacteria pattern from adult sepsis patients wereStaphylococcus haemolyticus(15,09%),Staphylococcus hominis(15,09%),Escherichia coli(13,21%), andAcinetobacter baumannii(11,32%). Resistance pattern of bacteria on adult sepsis with level of resistant more than 50% asStaphylococcus haemolyticus(ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and gentamicin),Escherichia coli(gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin), andAcinetobacter baumannii(gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and ceftazidime)ConclutionsBased on this research, revealed that the most common bacteria caused sepsis was Gram negative about 64,64% of all bacteria on sepsis patient. The most frequent cause of sepsis wasStaphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, andEscherichia coli.
Membrane insertion of‐ and membrane potential sensing by semiconductor voltage nanosensors: feasibility demonstration
Authors: Park Kyoungwon , Kuo Yung , Shvadchak Volodymyr , Ingargiola Antonino , Dai Xinghong , Hsiung Lawrence , Kim Wookyeom , Zhou Z. Hong , Zou Peng , Levine Alex J. , Li Jack , Weiss Shimon 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe develop membrane voltage nanosensors that are based on inorganic semiconductor nanoparticles. These voltage nanosensors are designed to self-insert into the cell membrane and optically record the membrane potentialviathe quantum confined Stark effect, with single-particle sensitivity. We present here the approach, design rules, and feasibility proves for this concept. With further improvements, semiconductor nanoparticles could potentially be used to study signals from many neurons in a large field-of-view over a long duration. Moreover, they could potentially report and resolve voltage signals on the nanoscale.
LeafCutter: annotation-free quantification of RNA splicing
Authors: Li Yang I , Knowles David A , Humphrey Jack , Barbeira Alvaro N. , Dickinson Scott P. , Kyung Im Hae , Pritchard Jonathan K 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe excision of introns from pre-mRNA is an essential step in mRNA processing. We developed LeafCutter to study sample and population variation in intron splicing. LeafCutter identifies variable intron splicing events from short-read RNA-seq data and finds alternative splicing events of high complexity. Our approach obviates the need for transcript annotations and circumvents the challenges in estimating relative isoform or exon usage in complex splicing events. LeafCutter can be used both for detecting differential splicing between sample groups, and for mapping splicing quantitative trait loci (sQTLs). Compared to contemporary methods, we find 1.4–2.1 times more sQTLs, many of which help us ascribe molecular effects to disease-associated variants. Strikingly, transcriptome-wide associations between LeafCutter intron quantifications and 40 complex traits increased the number of associated disease genes at 5% FDR by an average of 2.1-fold as compared to using gene expression levels alone. LeafCutter is fast, scalable, easy to use, and available athttps://github.com/davidaknowles/leafcutter.
Divergence of gene regulatory network linkages during specification of ectoderm and mesoderm in early development of sea urchins
Authors: Erkenbrack Eric M. , Davidson Eric H. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDevelopmental gene regulatory networks (GRNs) are assemblages of gene regulatory interactions that direct ontogeny of animal body plans. Studies of GRNs operating in early development of euechinoid sea urchins has revealed that little appreciable change has occurred since their divergence approximately 90 million years ago (mya). These observations suggest that strong conservation of GRN architecture has been maintained in early development of the sea urchin lineage. To test whether this is true for all sea urchins, comparative analyses of echinoid taxa that diverged deeper in geological time must be conducted. Recent studies highlighted extensive divergence of skeletogenic mesoderm specification in the sister clade of euechinoids, the cidaroids, suggesting that comparative analyses of cidaroid GRN architecture may confer a greater understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of developmental GRNs. Here, we report spatiotemporal patterning of 55 regulatory genes and perturbation analyses of key regulatory genes involved in euechinoid oral-aboral patterning of non-skeletogenic mesodermal and ectodermal domains in early development of the cidaroidEucidaris tribuloides. Our results indicate that developmental GRNs directing mesodermal and ectodermal specification have undergone marked alterations since the divergence of cidaroids and euechinoids. Notably, statistical and clustering analyses of echinoid temporal gene expression datasets indicate that regulation of mesodermal genes has diverged more markedly than regulation of ectodermal genes. Although research on indirect-developing euechinoid sea urchins suggests strong conservation of GRN circuitry during early embryogenesis, this study indicates that since the divergence of cidaroids and euechinoids developmental GRNs have undergone significant divergence.
Combating corruption in Cambodia
Authors: Ear Sophal 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical analysis and survey of Cambodia’s recent efforts to combat corruption. It explores the policy context, perceived extent of corruption, causes of corruption, anti-corruption measures, evaluates those anti-corruption measures, and provides policy recommendations.Design/methodology/approach– This paper reviews the literature on corruption and anti-corruption efforts in Cambodia. It relies on available data from the World Bank and Transparency International, and compares these data over time.Findings– The paper shows that corruption in Cambodia is pervasive and that anti-corruption efforts are limited because of a lack of political will. Existing anti-corruption measures designed with loopholes must be amended, but implementation remains the primary challenge.Originality/value– This paper contributes to the limited literature on combating corruption in Cambodia.
Combating corruption in Vietnam: a commentary
Authors: Gregory Robert 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to discuss the causes and circumstances of what has become systemic corruption in Vietnam, and the reasons why the moves taken by the regime to combat it have been largely ineffective so far.Design/methodology/approach– The paper offers a commentary based on published secondary sources.Findings– The paper concludes that the immediate prospects for any substantial reduction in the level of corruption in Vietnam appear to be bleak. Endemic corruption, especially in the form of elite rent-seeking, is likely to remain strong. However, the paper sketches two more possible scenarios on anti-corruption prospects in the country for the intermediate future.Originality/value– The paper relies on secondary sources in providing a macro-level discussion of corruption in Vietnam.
Healthy eating in the early years
Authors: Goldsborough Nicola , Homer Catherine , Atchinson Rebecca , Barker Margo E. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– A nutritious diet is critical to the health and development of pre-school children. Children in the UK consume much food outside the home yet day-care food provision is unregulated, and informed by disparate and conflicting dietary guidelines. Factors affecting nursery food provision have been much studied, but less is known about food provision in the child-minder setting. The purpose of this paper is to examine factors influencing child-minders’ food provision.

Design/methodology/approach
– Qualitative methods were employed, combining participant observation with semi-structured interviews. Participants were selected via purposive and convenience sampling. Eight child-minders from an English borough were interviewed.

Findings
– The food provided by child-minders was not consistent with dietary guidelines for young children, following menu plans was reported to be difficult, and knowledge about healthy eating guidelines for young children was various. Child-minders reported limited time for food preparation, and problems catering for fussy children. Some child-minders obtained support through an informal peer network group. Only one child-minder reported availing of professional nutritional advice on healthy food provision. Communication with parents about food was considered important, although there was some evidence of discord between providers and parents in dietary objectives.

Research limitations/implications
– The study was small in size and regionally based. Due to the local nature of the study, it is not possible to make generalisations to the wider national context. Corroboration of the findings is necessary in a larger study.

Practical implications
– Child-minders have a pivotal role to play in the nutritional health and development of young children, and whilst their interest in provision of nutritious food was great, outside support was lacking. Support should include provision of one clear set of authoritative guidelines, practical guidance that accommodates the realities of providing food in the child-minder setting, investment to strengthen support structures at local level and the development of network groups.

Originality/value
– Whilst the factors underpinning food provision in nurseries have been examined in various regions of the UK, little attention has been given to child-minder settings. The current study addresses this gap.
Wine and health: faraway concepts?
Authors: Samoggia Antonella 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore consumers’ perceptions and beliefs in the health benefits of wine and the relationship with wine consumption patterns.

Design/methodology/approach
– In store face-to-face survey results from 402 wine consumers were elaborated with two-step cluster analysis. ANOVA confirmed differences among groups. Groups were profiled by a χ2 significance analysis when adequate. A multivariate binary logistic regression estimated wine consumption influence on healthiness perceptions.

Findings
– Consumers converge into four groups: two health-oriented – optimistic and medical; two non-health-oriented – unintentional drinker and unconvinced. Groups are not significantly differentiated in socio-economic terms. Wine consumption behaviour influences health orientation, specifically for monthly and wine drinkers, vs weekly and other alcohol drinkers. Health-oriented consumers favourably welcome and are willing to pay more for health-enhancing wine. Consumers believe that wine consumption mainly benefits atherosclerosis and hypertension.

Research limitations/implications
– Since health-oriented wine is not common in the market, consumers provided answers based on their experience with other health-oriented food and beverages and on the common appreciation of the “terroir” perspective. Future research could extend the analysis on health claims and nutrition claims through blind wine tasting, price range acceptability and market potential dimensions.

Practical implications
– The high number of wine SKUs and consumer interest in wine healthiness suggest wine manufacturers should invest in health-oriented differentiation strategies, focused on atherosclerosis and hypertension claims and higher prices.

Social implications
– Given worldwide wine consumption, the research findings contribute to public health policy by addressing alcoholism and promoting healthy consumption behaviour.

Originality/value
– The findings provide insights for private and public sectors to support innovative approaches for the development of health-promoting food system.
Dietary fiber role in type 2 diabetes prevention
Authors: Ismaiel Manal , Yang Hong , Min Cui 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview that demonstrates the prevention role of dietary fiber in type2 diabetes. Due to the frequent incidences of type2 diabetes and its related complications, a small percentage of reduction in the cases could save thousands of lives and economic loss spending on healthcare and medication.

Design/methodology/approach
– A literature review has been performed over the electronic databases Medline PubMed and SciELO (The Scientific Electronic Library Online). The reference list of identified articles has also been reviewed. For this search, the following descriptors were considered: diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia, diet therapy, dietary fiber and insulin sensitivity.

Findings
– The updated publications indicated that valuable efforts have been done to clarify the beneficial effect of dietary fiber consumption on type2 diabetes. Dietary fiber plays a role as a promising alternative therapeutic means toward type2 diabetes mellitus prevention.

Originality/value
– This review is unique in its comprehensive nature. This paper will reflect the role and mechanism of dietary fiber in the prevention of type2 diabetes.
Evaluation of different food safety education interventions
Authors: Feng Yaohua , Bruhn Christine , Marx David 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The positive deviance (PD) focus group is a novel educational intervention that allows participants to discuss their food handling behaviors and decide to try recommended practices modeled by people like themselves. Currently, most food safety education is delivered through reading materials. The purpose of this paper is to explore the effectiveness of food safety education utilizing three interventions: PD, personal story reading and reading standard material.

Design/methodology/approach
– A total of 89 pregnant women and 93 people with diabetes received food safety information through one of three intervention methods: PD, reading standard educational material (Standard) and reading material presented in a story format (Story). A survey assessed self-reported risk and food safety knowledge and personal hygiene before and after the interventions. Take-home assignments allowed participants to practice recommendations. Post class interviews and survey assessed knowledge gained and reported behavior change.

Findings
– Compared to those who merely read educational information, participants in a PD Intervention had higher knowledge scores and adopted more safe handling recommendations. Involvement of the participants and the length of information exposure likely contributed to the significant difference between the interventions. This suggests that food safety education is most effective when delivered in a supportive discussion format. Health education programs for these vulnerable groups should endeavor to deliver safe food handling guidelines through a PD approach.

Originality/value
– Previous research demonstrated the effectiveness of PD when delivering nutrition education. This is the first paper that explored the effectiveness of a PD intervention in delivering safe handling recommendations.
Learning lessons in strategic novelty from outliers
Authors: Välikangas Liisa , Gibbert Michael 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– Conventional strategy is being challenged by industry shifts and by potentially disruptive strategic innovations that organizations that do not fit established ways of doing things- “outlier organizations”have discovered.

Design/methodology/approach
– A study of outliers, and their perspectives at the frontiers of not-yet-formed or to-be-challenged industries, can provide valuable lessons for strategists.

Findings
– In seeking out lessons from outliers, strategy needs to be reframed from a science of studying the average and increasing the efficiency of the already known, to an art of finding the potential in serendipity and the discovery of knowledge that lies beyond previous experience.

Practical implications
– It is easy, but risky, to overlook or dismiss the innovations of a company that is still experimenting with its business model, and is far from being able to prove its sustainability along conventional metrics.

Originality/value
– Successful innovators are intuitively interested in developments that are incongruous to expectations. However, translating this sensibility into equally powerful strategic insights is often challenging. This article provides examples and tools for learning from outliers.
Commentary on “Training in positive behavioural support: increasing staff self-efficacy and positive outcome expectations”
Authors: Padden Ciara 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide a commentary on Stocks and Slater’s paper, “Training in positive behavioural support: increasing staff self-efficacy and positive outcome expectations”.

Design/methodology/approach
– This is a narrative review of staff training in positive behaviour support (PBS) and challenging behaviour, drawing on Stocks and Slater’s paper and the core staff competencies outlined in the PBS Competence Framework (PBS Coalition, 2015).

Findings
– Taking into consideration multiple outcome measures, including staff outcomes such as self-efficacy, changes in staff behaviour, and the impact on quality of life for service users, may provide a broader insight into the effects of staff training. Supports and systems such as hands-on training, supervision, and practice leadership are also important factors that are likely to lead to positive service user and staff outcomes.

Originality/value
– This commentary reflects on Stocks and Slater’s paper in the broader context of staff training outcomes and factors that contribute to high-quality services for people with learning disabilities and challenging behaviour.
Training in positive behavioural support: increasing staff self-efficacy and positive outcome expectations
Authors: Stocks Greg , Slater Sean 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of a six-and-a-half day, Positive Behaviour Support (PBS) informed training course on staff’s self-efficacy and outcome expectations of managing challenging behaviour (CB). Training programmes for other non-psychology staff were deemed necessary due to the high demand for services and the specialist knowledge held by other professionals or carers.Design/methodology/approach– A repeated measures design was used to capture changes in specific self-efficacy and outcome expectations before and after the training programme. A questionnaire methodology was employed.Findings– Staff self-efficacy and positive outcome expectations increased on all four measured variables following training: understanding of CB, working out the functions of CB, developing and implementing a PBS plan, and managing CB for the benefit of the service user.Research limitations/implications– These findings are considered in light of previous research suggesting an impact on staff practice and burnout.Practical implications– The findings suggest that the training model delivers changes in staff cognition and may be useful in other locations where demand for services is likely to increase in the future.Originality/value– This research considers the impact of a medium length PBS training on staff cognition, evidencing the model’s utility in the current service context.
Rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, and Burkholderia pseudomallei by Use of Laser Light Scattering Technology
Authors: Bugrysheva Julia V. , Lascols Christine , Sue David , Weigel Linda M. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Rapid methods to determine antimicrobial susceptibility would assist in the timely distribution of effective treatment or postexposure prophylaxis in the aftermath of the release of bacterial biothreat agents such as
Bacillus anthracis
,
Yersinia pestis
, or
Burkholderia pseudomallei
. Conventional susceptibility tests require 16 to 48 h of incubation, depending on the bacterial species. We evaluated a method that is based on laser light scattering technology that measures cell density in real time. We determined that it has the ability to rapidly differentiate between growth (resistant) and no growth (susceptible) of several bacterial threat agents in the presence of clinically relevant antimicrobials. Results were available in <4 h for
B. anthracis
and <6 h for
Y. pestis
and
B. pseudomallei
. One exception was
B. pseudomallei
in the presence of ceftazidime, which required >10 h of incubation. Use of laser scattering technology decreased the time required to determine antimicrobial susceptibility by 50% to 75% for
B. anthracis
,
Y. pestis
, and
B. pseudomallei
compared to conventional methods.