bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperspectral data influenced by sample matrix: the importance of building relevant reference spectral libraries to map materials of interest
Authors: Dillon James C. K. , Bezerra Leonardo , del Pilar Sosa Peña María , Neu‐Baker Nicole M. , Brenner Sara A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHyperspectral imaging (HSI) and mapping are increasingly used for visualization and identification of nanoparticles (NPs) in a variety of matrices, including aqueous suspensions and biological samples. Reference spectral libraries (RSLs) contain hyperspectral data collected from materials of known composition and are used to detect the known materials in experimental samples through a one‐to‐one pixel “mapping” process. In some HSI studies, RSLs created from raw NPs were used to map NPs in experimental samples in a different matrix; for example, RSLs created from NPs in suspension to map NPs in biological tissue. Others have utilized RSLs created from NPs in the same matrix. However, few studies have systematically compared hyperspectral data as a function of the matrix in which the NPs are found and its impact on mapping results. The objective of this study is to compare RSLs created from metal oxide NPs in aqueous suspensions to RSLs created from the same NPs in rat tissues following in vivo inhalation exposure, and to investigate the differences in mapping that result from the use of each RSL. Results demonstrate that the spectral profiles of these NPs are matrix dependent: RSLs created from NPs in positive control tissues mapped to experimental tissues more appropriately than RSLs created from NPs in suspension. Aqueous suspension RSLs mapped 0‐602 out of 500,424 pixels per tissue image while tissue RSLs mapped 689‐18,435 pixels for the same images. This study underscores the need for appropriate positive controls for the creation of RSLs for mapping NPs in experimental samples.
Multiparametric diffusion‐weighted imaging in breast lesions: Association with pathologic diagnosis and prognostic factors
Authors: Suo Shiteng , Cheng Fang , Cao Mengqiu , Kang Jiwen , Wang Mingyao , Hua Jia , Hua Xiaolan , Li Lan , Lu Qing , Liu Jialin , Xu Jianrong 
Published: January 2017

PurposeTo determine the utility of multiparametric diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) including monoexponential (apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC]), biexponential (Df, Ds, and f), stretched‐exponential (distributed diffusion coefficient [DDC] and α), and kurtosis (mean diffusivity [MD] and mean kurtosis [MK]) models in the differentiation and characterization of breast lesions, and assess their associations with prognostic factors in invasive breast cancer.Materials and MethodsThis study included 101 patients (44 benign and 57 malignant lesions) who underwent 3T breast multi‐b‐value DWI. Diffusion model selection was investigated in benign and malignant lesions using the Akaike information criteria (AIC). Mann–Whitney U‐test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used for statistical analysis.ResultsGoodness‐of‐fit analysis showed that most benign lesion voxels (50.5%) were preferred by the kurtosis model, and most malignant lesion voxels (51.2%) by the stretched‐exponential model. All diffusion measures showed significant differences between benign and malignant lesions (P < 0.05), and between in situ and invasive cancers (P < 0.05) except MD (P = 0.103). There were no significant differences in areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) between ADC and non‐monoexponential diffusion parameters (P > 0.05), except Df and α, whose AUCs were significantly lower than AUC of ADC for differentiating benign from malignant lesions (P = 0.03 and P < 0.01, respectively). In patients with invasive breast cancer, α was significantly correlated with tumor size (P = 0.007) and Ki‐67 expression (P = 0.012), Df was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.021) and Ki‐67 expression (P = 0.042), and ADC, Ds, f, DDC, and MD were significantly correlated with estrogen receptor status (all P < 0.05).ConclusionMultiparametric DWI shows relationships with pathologic outcomes and prognostic factors of breast lesions.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;46:740–750
Global epidemiological trends and variations in the burden of gallbladder cancer
Authors: Are Chandrakanth , Ahmad Humera , Ravipati Advaitaa , Croo Darren , Clarey Dillon , Smith Lynette , Price Ray R. , Butte Jean M. , Gupta Sameer , Chaturvedi Arun , Chowdhury Sanjib 
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUNDThe aim of this study is to describe the trends and variations in the global burden of gallbladder cancer (GBC) with an emphasis on geographic variations and female gender.METHODSData (2012‐2030) relating to GBC was extracted from GLOBOCAN 2012 database and analyzed.RESULTSThe results of our study document a rising global burden of GBC with geographic and gender variations. The highest burden was noted in the WPRO region (based on WHO regions), Asia (based on continents) and India, Chile, and China (based on countries). The less developed regions of the world account for the majority of the global burden of GBC. The geographic variations are also present within individual countries such as in India and Chile. Females are afflicted at a much higher rate with GBC and this predilection is exaggerated in countries with higher incidence such as India and Chile. In females, people of certain ethnic groups and lower socio‐economic standing are at a higher risk.CONCLUSIONSOur study demonstrates a rising global burden of GBC with some specific data on geographic and gender‐based variations which can be used to develop strategies at the global as well as the high‐risk individual country level.
Vincristine‐induced peripheral neuropathy in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Tay Chee Geap , Lee Vanessa Wan Mun , Ong Lai Choo , Goh Khean Jin , Ariffin Hany , Fong Choong Yi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundVincristine, an essential component of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) therapeutic protocols, is associated with dose‐dependent neurotoxicity, but its long‐term morbidity in treated children has not been clearly elucidated. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of vincristine‐induced peripheral neuropathy (VIPN) among Malaysian childhood ALL survivors and its impact on motor function and quality of life.ProcedureSurvivors of childhood ALL aged 4–18 years who had completed chemotherapy for 2 years or more were evaluated for VIPN using both the clinical Total Neuropathy Score (cTNS) and nerve conduction studies. Motor function and quality of life of the survivors were assessed via the Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Brief Form, Second Edition (BOT‐2 Brief Form) and the Paediatric Quality of Life version 4.0 Generic Core Scales (PedsQL4.0) questionnaire, respectively.ResultsOne hundred and one survivors with a duration of follow‐up ranging from 2.0 to 10.3 years were recruited. Twenty‐seven (26.7%) had abnormal cTNS scores and 69 (68.3%) had electrophysiological evidence of neuropathy. Of these, 16 (15.8%) had combined clinical and electrophysiological neuropathy (VIPN). Those previously treated on the intermediate‐ or high‐risk treatment stratification arms had a higher risk of developing VIPN (67.3 vs. 32.7%; odds ratio [OR]: 9.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14–71.86; P = 0.014). Survivors with VIPN had significantly lower quality of life scores in the physical (P = 0.024) and social domains (P = 0.039) compared with peers without VIPN, but no association with poorer motor function was observed.ConclusionsSixteen percent of ALL survivors had VIPN. VIPN should be increasingly recognised as a late effect of chemotherapy, as it significantly affects physical and social function quality of life.
Adaptive backstepping impact angle control with autopilot dynamics and acceleration saturation consideration
Authors: He Shaoming , Wang Wei , Wang Jiang 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThis paper presents a robust impact angle constraint guidance law for maneuvering target interception in the presence of autopilot dynamics and input saturation. The presented guidance law is designed on the basis of a combination of adaptive backstepping control technique and higher‐order sliding mode differentiator. Different from existing impact angle constraint guidance law using sliding mode control, the line‐of‐sight angular rate and impact angle tracking error are regulated by two different virtual control laws. Because the future course of action of the target, an independent entity, cannot be predicted beforehand, adaptive laws are introduced in guidance law derivation for disturbance rejection. Unlike dynamic surface control approach, higher‐order sliding mode differentiator is adopted here as an alternative way to obtain the derivatives of the virtual control laws, thus leading to the exact tracking performance of backstepping control. Detailed stability analysis shows that both the line‐of‐sight angular rate and impact angle error can be stabilized in a small region around zero asymptotically. Simulation results explicitly show that accurate interception is achieved with a wide range of impact angles. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Behavioral assay and chemical characters of female sex pheromones in the hermit crab Pagurus filholi
Authors: Okamura Saori , Kawaminami Takuma , Matsuura Hiroshi , Fusetani Nobuhiro , Goshima Seiji 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMales of the hermit crabPagurus filholiperform assessment behavior toward females, as a preliminary step of precopulatory guarding, during the reproductive season. It is known that such behavior is elicited by female sex pheromones, but the compounds involved have never been characterized in this species. Several experiments were conducted to develop a reliable bioassay along with purification procedures to identify potential compounds with pheromonal activity inPagurus filholi. We developed a bioassay protocol to assess pheromonal activity by using an empty shell with cotton containing either artificial seawater (control) or test water. We measured and compared the time duration of male assessment behavior toward each shell if the test water contained female sex pheromones. Ultra-filtering of seawater samples potentially containing pheromones showed that the compound was <1 kDa in molecular weight. Males showed precopulatory assessment behavior toward “female conditioned” water samples treated with open column purification and eluted with MeOH, suggesting that compounds triggering male behavior were low polar molecules. Molecules with pheromonal activity were not volatile after freeze drying, effective even after heating to 90 °C, and remained active in seawater at 12 °C even after 6 days from sample collection, which suggests a rather stable characteristic of the female sex pheromones of this species.
Beyond Open Neural Tube Defects: Sagittal Landmarks at 11–14 Weeks in the Prediction of Second Trimester Posterior Fossa Abnormalities
Authors: Ponmozhi G. , Manikandan K. , Gopish Devaki , Rameshkumar Jayalakshmi , Suresh Sudarshan , Suresh Indrani , Seshadri Suresh 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Background Objective assessment of posterior fossa landmarks such as the measurement of brain stem width or intracranial translucency have not been consistently shown to be predictive of future posterior fossa abnormalities, other than the Arnold–Chiari II malformation.
Objective To study the association between the objective and subjective assessments of the posterior fossa landmarks at the 11–14 weeks’ scan and the posterior fossa abnormalities detected at the second-trimester anomaly scan.
Methods Design—Blinded retrospective case–control study. Setting—Tertiary level multioperator fetal medicine center. Cases-fetuses with one of the second trimester diagnoses of posterior fossa abnormalities (Blake’s pouch cyst, mega cisterna magna, vermian agenesis, Dandy–Walker malformation, cerebellar hypoplasia) that had a 11–14 weeks’ examination at our center; Controls-fetuses with normal second trimester anatomy that had a 11–14 weeks’ examination at our center. Main outcome measures: measurements of the posterior fossa landmarks and subjective assessment of the landmarks.
Results Significant inter-rater agreement existed for three out of four measurements of posterior fossa landmarks. No significant difference was noted in the measurements between cases and controls, in fetuses with measurable landmarks. Abnormal landmarks were more in cases than controls (brainstem OR 4.2 (95% CI 1.5–11.8); intracranial translucency OR 3.7 (95% CI 1.3–10.1); any landmark OR 3.1 (95% CI 1.2–7.9).
Conclusion Abnormal posterior fossa landmarks at the 11–14 weeks’ examination is associated with threefold risk of posterior fossa malformation.
Ethical Considerations for Care of the Child Undergoing Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Carter Martha A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a complex, highly technical surgical procedure that can offer hope for children born with congenital heart defects. The procedure may only briefly prolong a life, has limited potential for decreasing mortality, and may lead to serious complications, however. Perioperative nurses play an important role in caring for the child who requires ECMO. They are involved in assessing the child, implementing the plan of care, and facilitating communication between the child's family members and the health care team. Thus, perioperative nurses have a responsibility to consider the broad range of ethical issues associated with the procedure. By examining the ethical concepts of beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, justice, and moral distress, the perioperative nurse can better understand the dilemmas that can affect the care and outcome of the critically ill child who requires ECMO.
Quality Initiative Program in its Sixth Year: Has it Become Part of our Radiology Culture?
Authors: Ritchie Heather , Kielar Ania Z. , Hill Fraser , O'Sullivan Joseph P. 
Published: January 2017

Purpose The study sought to determine if the Quality Initiative Program (QUIP) has become part of the radiology culture at our institution. Methods After Research Ethics approval, QUIPs from January 2009 to December 2014 were assessed. We evaluated the response rates of radiologists receiving QUIPs to ensure they reviewed them. We performed a survey of radiologists and trainees to gain feedback regarding their perception of QUIPs in February 2014 and in June 2015. Results Response rates of radiologists receiving a QUIP improved, with 76% response rate in 2014 up from 66% in the first year and 42% in the second year. Based on the 2015 survey including radiologists and trainees, 75% agreed that QUIPs were educational, compared with 67% 16 months earlier. Fifty percent of respondents had changed their overall practice of reporting based on feedback from the QUIP in 2015 compared with 32% in 2014. In both surveys, 100% of respondents indicated that QUIPs have not been used against them for any disciplinary measure (or other negatively perceived action). When asked if there was a perceived decrease in stigma felt when a QUIP was received, 71% agreed or were neutral and 28% disagreed. Conclusions The QUIP is educational to radiologists and trainees, leading to positive changes in clinical practice. The majority accepts this program but there is still a stigma felt when a QUIP is received, particularly among residents. Nevertheless, we feel that QUIP has been integrated into our radiology culture and, hopefully, imminent transition to commercial quality software will be smooth.
Irradiation influence on the phenoloxidase pathway and an anti-oxidant defense mechanism inSpodoptera litura(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its implication in radio-genetic ‘F1sterility’ and biorational pest suppression tactics
Authors: Sachdev B. , Khan Z. , Zarin M. , Malhotra P. , Seth R.K. , Bhatnagar R.K. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe present study was conducted to appraise the ontogenic radio-sensitivity of a serious tropical pest,Spodoptera litura(Fabr.). The molecular responses pertaining to the phenoloxidase (PO) pathway and an anti-oxidant defense mechanism were evaluated in order to understand its implication in pest control at pre-harvest and post-harvest intervals. Irradiation exhibited an inverse relationship with age with respect to impact on developmental and transcriptional responses. Transcript abundance of PO cascade enzymes, prophenoloxidase (slppo-2),its activating enzyme (slppae-1)and free-radical scavenging enzymes, superoxide dismutase (slsod)and catalase(slcat)was evaluated upon gamma irradiation alone and the dual-stress of radiation plus microbial challenge. Theslppo-2, slppae-1, slsodandslcattranscripts were significantly up-regulated inF1L6 larvae (6th-instar) resulting from 100 Gy sub-sterilized male adults and unirradiated female moths. The extent of upregulation was relatively higher in comparison with L6 survivors (6th-instar larvae) developed from irradiated neonates (L1) treated with 100 Gy. UponPhotorhabduschallenge, the transcripts were down-regulated in irradiated L1 suggesting increased larval susceptibility to bacterial infections. Radioresistance increased with the age of the insect, and molecular responses (transcript abundance) of insect defense mechanism were less influenced when older age (F1progeny) were irradiated. These findings will help to optimize the gamma dose to be employed in inherited sterility technique for (pre-harvest) pest suppression and (post-harvest) phytosanitation and quarantine, and suggest compatible integration of biorational tactics including nuclear technology.
Genetic analysis of visual assessment and body weight traits and their relationships with reproductive traits in Nellore cattle
Authors: PATERNO F. M. , BUZANSKAS M. E. , KOURY FILHO W. , LÔBO R. B. , QUEIROZ S. A. 
Published: January 2017

SUMMARYGenetic parameters for visual assessment traits measured at 487 days of age (body structure (BS), finishing precocity (FP) and muscling (MS)), body weight at 450 days of age (W450), age at first calving (AFC), heifer pregnancy (HP) and stayability (STAY, i.e. the probability of a cow to produce at least three calves before reaching 76 months of age) were estimated in Nellore cattle, seeking to include these traits in the selection criteria for dams. The statistical models included additive genetic and residual random effects using single- and two-trait Bayesian analyses. The average heritability estimates were equal to 0·37 for BS, 0·42 for FP, 0·37 for MS and 0·48 for W450. Age at first calving had a low average heritability estimate (0·13), while HP and STAY estimates were higher (0·36 and 0·24, respectively). The genetic correlations between AFC, HP and STAY with visual assessment traits and body weight were favourable, indicating that selecting animals with higher BS, FP, MS and W450 values will result in the indirect selection of animals with lower AFC and successful scores for HP and STAY. The selection of heifers that present an early pregnancy should anticipate AFC and improve HP in the current herd. Except for AFC, the heritability and genetic correlation estimates between the studied traits justify their inclusion in the selection criteria of the Nellore breeding programme.
Why we forget our dreams: Acetylcholine and norepinephrine in wakefulness and REM sleep
Authors: Becchetti Andrea , Amadeo Alida 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe ascending fibers releasing norepinephrine and acetylcholine are highly active during wakefulness. In contrast, during rapid-eye-movement sleep, the neocortical tone is sustained mainly by acetylcholine. By comparing the different physiological features of the norepinephrine and acetylcholine systems in the light of the GANE (glutamate amplifies noradrenergic effects) model, we suggest how to interpret some functional differences between waking and rapid-eye-movement sleep.
Amplified selectivity in cognitive processing implements the neural gain model of norepinephrine function
Authors: Eldar Eran , Cohen Jonathan D. , Niv Yael 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPrevious work has suggested that an interaction between local selective (e.g., glutamatergic) excitation and global gain modulation (via norepinephrine) amplifies selectivity in information processing. Mather et al. extend this existing theory by suggesting that localized gain modulation may further mediate this effect – an interesting prospect that invites new theoretical and experimental work.
Does arousal enhance apical amplification and disamplification?
Authors: Larkum M. E. , Phillips W. A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe summarize evidence that input to the apical tufts of neocortical pyramidal cells modulates their response to basal input. Because this apical amplification and disamplification provide intracortical mechanisms for prioritization, Mather and colleagues' arguments suggest that their effects are enhanced by noradrenergic arousal. Though that is likely, it has not yet been adequately studied. Their article shows that it should be.
Firestone & Scholl conflate two distinct issues
Authors: Ogilvie Ryan , Carruthers Peter 
Published: January 2017

AbstractFirestone & Scholl (F&S) seem to believe that the viability of a distinction between perception and cognition depends on perception being encapsulated from top-down information. We criticize this assumption and argue that top-down effects can leave the distinction between perception and cognition fully intact. Individuating the visual system is one thing; the question of encapsulation is quite another.
Acting is perceiving!
Authors: Cañal-Bruland Rouwen , van der Kamp John , Gray Rob 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe challenge Firestone & Scholl's (F&S's) narrow conceptualization of what perception is and – most important – what it is for. Perception guides our (inter)actions with the environment, with attention ensuring that the actor is attuned to information relevant for action. We dispute F&S's misconceived (and counterfactual) view of perception as a module that functions independently from cognition, attention, and action.
Memory colours affect colour appearance
Authors: Witzel Christoph , Olkkonen Maria , Gegenfurtner Karl R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMemory colour effects show that colour perception is affected by memory and prior knowledge and hence by cognition. None of Firestone & Scholl's (F&S's) potential pitfalls apply to our work on memory colours. We present a Bayesian model of colour appearance to illustrate that an interaction between perception and memory is plausible from the perspective of vision science.
Kinematic effects of number of legs in 6-DOF UPS parallel mechanisms
Authors: Abedinnasab Mohammad H. , Farahmand Farzam , Tarvirdizadeh Bahram , Zohoor Hassan , Gallardo-Alvarado Jaime 
Published: January 2017

SUMMARYIn this paper, we study the kinematic effects of number of legs in 6-DOF UPS parallel manipulators. A group of 3-, 4-, and 6-legged mechanisms are evaluated in terms of the kinematic performance indices, workspace, singular configurations, and forward kinematic solutions. Results show that the optimum number of legs varies due to priorities in kinematic measures in different applications. The non-symmetric Wide-Open mechanism enjoys the largest workspace, while the well-known Gough–Stewart (3–3) platform retains the highest dexterity. Especially, the redundantly actuated 4-legged mechanism has several important advantages over its non-redundant counterparts and different architectures of Gough–Stewart platform. It has dramatically less singular configurations, a higher manipulability, and at the same time less sensitivity. It is also shown that the forward kinematic problem has 40, 16, and 1 solution(s), respectively for the 6-, 3-, and the 4-legged mechanisms. Superior capabilities of the 4-legged mechanism make it a perfect candidate to be used in more challenging 6-DOF applications in assembly, manufacturing, biomedical, and space technologies.