bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lee Mixing and Nocturnal Structure over Gentle Topography
Authors: Mahrt L. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This study analyzes measurements from a network of sonic anemometers over gentle topography to investigate the possibility of nocturnal lee-generated turbulence. Although the valley side slopes are less than 6° and extend only about 12 m above the floor of the valley, the turbulence can be enhanced in the lee of one of the slopes. Significant lee turbulence develops downwind from an abrupt slope transition between a miniplateau and the modest valley side slope. Lee-generated turbulence is not observed on the opposite slope, where the slope magnitude gradually decreases with height. With intermediate 1-m wind speeds of roughly 2–4 m s−1, the cold pool is advected up the downwind slope. This downwind displacement of the cold pool and warming by lee-generated turbulence, when it occurs, leads to significant horizontal asymmetry of the temperature across the valley. For stronger winds, the cold pool is eliminated by mixing. For weak winds, a more traditional cold pool forms centered on the valley floor with limited or no lee-generated turbulence. While the impact of the gentle topography is modest compared to more dramatic terrain, less organized gentle topography covers a large fraction of Earth’s surface. However, with gentle topography, various relationships show substantial scatter, and the generalization of results from an individual network is probably not possible.
Ice–Atmosphere Feedbacks Dominate the Response of the Climate System to Drake Passage Closure
Authors: England Matthew H. , Hutchinson David K. , Santoso Agus , Sijp Willem P. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe response of the global climate system to Drake Passage (DP) closure is examined using a fully coupled ocean–atmosphere–ice model. Unlike most previous studies, a full three-dimensional atmospheric general circulation model is included with a complete hydrological cycle and a freely evolving wind field, as well as a coupled dynamic–thermodynamic sea ice module. Upon DP closure the initial response is found to be consistent with previous ocean-only and intermediate-complexity climate model studies, with an expansion and invigoration of the Antarctic meridional overturning, along with a slowdown in North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) production. This results in a dominance of Southern Ocean poleward geostrophic flow and Antarctic sinking when DP is closed. However, within just a decade of DP closure, the increased southward heat transport has melted back a substantial fraction of Antarctic sea ice. At the same time the polar oceans warm by 4°–6°C on the zonal mean, and the maximum strength of the Southern Hemisphere westerlies weakens by ≃10%. These effects, not captured in models without ice and atmosphere feedbacks, combine to force Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) to warm and freshen, to the point that this water mass becomes less dense than NADW. This leads to a marked contraction of the Antarctic overturning, allowing NADW to ventilate the abyssal ocean once more. Poleward heat transport settles back to very similar values as seen in the unperturbed DP open case. Yet remarkably, the equilibrium climate in the closed DP configuration retains a strong Southern Hemisphere warming, similar to past studies with no dynamic atmosphere. However, here it is ocean–atmosphere–ice feedbacks, primarily the ice-albedo feedback and partly the weakened midlatitude jet, not a vigorous southern sinking, which maintain the warm polar oceans. This demonstrates that DP closure can drive a hemisphere-scale warming with polar amplification, without the presence of any vigorous Southern Hemisphere overturning circulation. Indeed, DP closure leads to warming that is sufficient over the West Antarctic Ice Sheet region to inhibit ice-sheet growth. This highlights the importance of the DP gap, Antarctic sea ice, and the associated ice-albedo feedback in maintaining the present-day glacial state over Antarctica.
Suicidal behaviour in Indigenous compared to non-Indigenous males in urban and regional Australia: Prevalence data suggest disparities increase across age groups
Authors: Armstrong Gregory , Pirkis Jane , Arabena Kerry , Currier Dianne , Spittal Matthew J , Jorm Anthony F 
Published: April 2017

Objectives:We compare the prevalence of suicidal thoughts and attempts between Indigenous and non-Indigenous males in urban and regional Australia, and examine the extent to which any disparity between Indigenous and non-Indigenous males varies across age groups.Methods:We used data from the baseline wave of The Australian Longitudinal Study on Male Health (Ten to Men), a large-scale cohort study of Australian males aged 10–55 years residing in urban and regional areas. Indigenous identification was determined through participants self-reporting as Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islander or both. The survey collected data on suicidal thoughts in the preceding 2 weeks and lifetime suicide attempts.Results:A total of 432 participants (2.7%) identified as Indigenous and 15,425 as non-Indigenous (97.3%). Indigenous males were twice as likely as non-Indigenous males to report recent suicidal thoughts (17.6% vs 9.4%; odds ratio = 2.1, p < 0.001) and more than three times as likely to report a suicide attempt in their lifetime (17.0% vs 5.1%; odds ratio = 3.6; p < 0.001). The prevalence of recent suicidal thoughts did not differ between Indigenous and non-Indigenous males in younger age groups, but a significant gap emerged among men aged 30–39 years and was largest among men aged 40–55 years. Similarly, the prevalence of lifetime suicide attempts did not differ between Indigenous and non-Indigenous males in the 14- to 17-years age group, but a disparity emerged in the 18- to 24-years age group and was even larger among males aged 25 years and older.Conclusion:Our paper presents unique data on suicidal thoughts and attempts among a broad age range of Indigenous and non-Indigenous males. The disparity in the prevalence of suicidal thoughts increased across age groups, which is in contrast to the large disparity between the Indigenous and non-Indigenous suicide rates in younger age groups.
Decision Making on the Labor and Delivery Unit: An Investigation of Influencing Factors
Authors: Gregory Megan E. , Sonesh Shirley C. , Feitosa Jennifer , Benishek Lauren E. , Hughes Ashley M. , Salas Eduardo 
Published: April 2017

Objective The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between negative affect (NA), decision-making style, time stress, and decision quality in health care. Background Health care providers must often make swift, high-stakes decisions. Influencing factors of the decision-making process in this context have been understudied. Method Within a sample of labor and delivery nurses, physicians, and allied personnel, we used self-report measures to examine the impact of trait factors, including NA, decision-making style, and perceived time stress, on decision quality in a situational judgment test (Study 1). In Study 2, we observed the influence of state NA, state decision-making style, state time stress, and their relationship with decision quality on real clinical decisions. Results In Study 1, we found that trait NA significantly predicted avoidant decision-making style. Furthermore, those who were higher on trait time stress and trait avoidant decision-making style exhibited poorer decisions. In Study 2, we observed associations between state NA with state avoidant and analytical decision-making styles. We also observed that these decision-making styles, when considered in tandem with time stress, were influential in predicting clinical decision quality. Conclusion NA predicts some decision-making styles, and decision-making style can affect decision quality under time stress. This is particularly true for state factors. Application Individual differences, such as affect and decision-making style, should be considered during selection. Training to reduce time stress perceptions should be provided.
Preparation and properties of novel sulfonic graphene oxide–epoxy resin nanocomposites by resin transfer molding process
Authors: Li Wei , Li Hongyu , Yang Xinguo , Feng Wei , Huang Hongyun 
Published: April 2017

This paper reported a facile one-pot strategy for fabrication of sulfonic graphene oxide–epoxy resin nanocomposites. The rheological and thermal properties were employed to characterize the viscosity and the curing temperature of epoxy resin. Fourier transform infrared spectra for sulfonic graphene oxide and nanocomposites indicated that the sulfonic graphene oxide contains chemical cross-linking responsible for better interactions with the epoxy resin. The state of dispersion was evaluated at different scales by still picture camera and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Tensile property tests indicated that the tensile strength and elasticity modulus of sulfonic graphene oxide–epoxy resin nanocomposites decreased slowly with increasing of sulfonic graphene oxide content. The critical flexural property and impact strength of epoxy resin filled with sulfonic graphene oxide nanocomposites were measured. The content, size, and dispersion state of sulfonic graphene oxide were examined. It was found that the content of sulfonic graphene oxide has greater impact on both flexural property and impact strength of nanocomposites compared with other conditions. For instance, the impact strength increased by 113.0% and the flexural strength and modulus increased by 39.3% and 55.7% using 1 wt.% sulfonic graphene oxide as compared to neat epoxy resin.
Infant Mortality: Development of a Proposed Update to the Dollfus Classification of Infant Deaths
Authors: Nakamura Ann M. , Dove Melanie S. , Minnal Archana , Damesyn Mark , Curtis Michael P. 
Published: April 2017

Objective. Identifying infant deaths with common underlying causes and potential intervention points is critical to infant mortality surveillance and the development of prevention strategies. We constructed an International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10) parallel to the Dollfus cause-of-death classification scheme first published in 1990, which organized infant deaths by etiology and their amenability to prevention efforts. Methods. Infant death records for 1996, dual-coded to the ICD Ninth Revision (ICD-9) and ICD-10, were obtained from the CDC public-use multiple-cause-of-death file on comparability between ICD-9 and ICD-10. We used the underlying cause of death to group 27,821 infant deaths into the nine categories of the ICD-9-based update to Dollfus' original coding scheme, published by Sowards in 1999. Comparability ratios were computed to measure concordance between ICD versions. Results. The Dollfus classification system updated with ICD-10 codes had limited agreement with the 1999 modified classification system. Although prematurity, congenital malformations, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, and obstetric conditions were the first through fourth most common causes of infant death under both systems, most comparability ratios were significantly different from one system to the other. Conclusion. The Dollfus classification system can be adapted for use with ICD-10 codes to create a comprehensive, etiology-based profile of infant deaths. The potential benefits of using Dollfus logic to guide perinatal mortality reduction strategies, particularly to maternal and child health programs and other initiatives focused on improving infant health, warrant further examination of this method's use in perinatal mortality surveillance.
Preventive Aspirin and other Antiplatelet Medication Use among U.S. Adults Aged ≥40 Years: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011–2012
Authors: Gu Qiuping , Dillon Charles F. , Eberhardt Mark S. , Wright Jacqueline D. , Burt Vicki L. 
Published: April 2017

Objective. We estimated the prevalence of preventive aspirin and/or other antiplatelet medication use and the dosage of aspirin use in the U.S. adult population. Methods. We conducted cross-sectional analyses of a representative sample ( n=3,599) of U.S. adults aged ≥40 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011–2012. Results. In 2011–2012, one-third of U.S. adults aged ≥40 years reported taking preventive aspirin and/or other antiplatelet medications, 97% of whom indicated preventive aspirin use. Preventive aspirin use increased with age (from 11% of those aged 40–49 years to 54% of those ≥80 years of age, p<0.001). Non-Hispanic white (35%) and black (30%) adults were more likely to take preventive aspirin than non-Hispanic Asian (20%, p<0.001) and Hispanic (22%, p=0.013) adults. Adults with, compared with those without health insurance, and adults with ≥2 doctor visits in the past year, diagnosed diabetes, hypertension, or high cholesterol were twice as likely to take preventive aspirin. Among those with cardiovascular disease, 76% reported taking preventive aspirin and/or other antiplatelet medications, of whom 91% were taking preventive aspirin. Among adults without cardiovascular disease, 28% reported taking preventive aspirin. Adherence rates to medically recommended aspirin use were 82% overall, 91% for secondary prevention, and 79% for primary prevention. Among current preventive aspirin users, 70% were taking 81 milligrams (mg) of aspirin daily and 13% were taking 325 mg of aspirin daily. Conclusion. The vast majority of antiplatelet therapy is preventive aspirin use. A health-care provider's recommendation to take preventive aspirin is an important determinant of current preventive aspirin use.
Association between Neighborhood-Level Smoking and Individual Smoking Risk: Maternal Smoking among Latina Women in Pennsylvania
Authors: Chesnokova Arina , French Benjamin , Weibe Douglas , Camenga Deepa R. , Yun Katherine 
Published: April 2017

Objective. We examined whether or not high maternal smoking rates at the neighborhood level increase the likelihood of individual smoking by Latina women in the three months prior to and during pregnancy, independent of other individual and neighborhood factors. Methods. This study was observational in nature, using linked vital statistics records for 24,443 Latina women in Pennsylvania (2009–2010) and U.S. Census data for 2,398 census tracts. We used multilevel logistic regression models to determine the individual odds of self-reported maternal smoking given different census tract-level rates of maternal smoking in the previous three years (2006–2008), adjusting for maternal and census-tract characteristics, including ethnic density, population density, and poverty. Results. Higher levels of maternal smoking at the census-tract level were associated with increased individual odds of smoking among Latina mothers. In the fully adjusted model, a 10% increase in the neighborhood smoking rate was associated with a 1.28 (95% confidence interval 1.22, 1.34) increase in the individual odds of smoking. Conclusion. Latina women living in census tracts where more women have smoked during or immediately prior to pregnancy are themselves at higher risk of smoking during this period.
Screening for Homelessness in the Veterans Health Administration: Monitoring Housing Stability through Repeat Screening
Authors: Byrne Thomas , Fargo Jamison D. , Montgomery Ann Elizabeth , Roberts Christopher B. , Culhane Dennis P. , Kane Vincent 
Published: April 2017

Objective. This study examined veterans' responses to the Veterans Health Administration's (VHA's) universal screen for homelessness and risk of homelessness during the first 12 months of implementation. Methods. We calculated the baseline annual frequency of homelessness and risk of homelessness among all veterans who completed an initial screen during the study period. We measured changes in housing status among veterans who initially screened positive and then completed a follow-up screen, assessed factors associated with such changes, and identified distinct risk profiles of veterans who completed a follow-up screen. Results. More than 4 million veterans completed an initial screen; 1.8% ( n=77,621) screened positive for homelessness or risk of homelessness. Of those who initially screened positive for either homelessness or risk of homelessness and who completed a second screen during the study period, 85.0% ( n = 15,060) resolved their housing instability prior to their second screen. Age, sex, race, VHA eligibility, and screening location were all associated with changes in housing stability. We identified four distinct risk profiles for veterans with ongoing housing instability. Conclusion. To address homelessness among veterans, efforts should include increased and targeted engagement of veterans experiencing persistent housing instability.
Effects of Economic Conditions and Organizational Structure on Local Health Jurisdiction Revenue Streams and Personnel Levels in Connecticut, 2005–2012
Authors: Pallas Sarah Wood , Kertanis Jennifer , O'Keefe Elaine , Humphries Debbie L. 
Published: April 2017

Objective. We investigated whether or not changes in economic conditions during the 2008–2010 U.S. recession were associated with changes in Connecticut local health jurisdictions' (LHJs') revenue or personnel levels. Methods. We analyzed Connecticut Department of Public Health 2005–2012 annual report data from 91 Connecticut LHJs, as well as publicly available data on economic conditions. We used fixed- and random-effect regression models to test whether or not LHJ per capita revenues and full-time equivalent (FTE) personnel differed during and post-recession compared with pre-recession, or varied with recession intensity, as measured by unemployment rates and housing permits. Results. On average, total revenue per capita was significantly lower during and post-recession compared with pre-recession, with two-thirds of LHJs experiencing per capita revenue reductions. FTE personnel per capita were significantly lower post-recession. Changes in LHJ-level unemployment rates and housing permits did not explain the variation in revenue or FTE personnel per capita. Revenue and personnel differed significantly by LHJ organizational structure across all time periods. Conclusion. Economic downturns can substantially reduce resources available for local public health. LHJ organizational structure influences revenue levels and sources, with implications for the scope, quality, and efficiency of services delivered.
Imitation-based aphasia therapy increases narrative content: a case series
Authors: Duncan E Susan , Small Steven L 
Published: April 2017

Objective: To test the generalization of an intensive imitation-based aphasia therapy to an unrelated narrative production task. Design: ABA design study (A= no treatment; B= treatment) comparing imitation therapy to a baseline condition (pre-therapy). Participants produced narratives at two pre-therapy and two post-therapy time points. Narratives were analyzed for correct information units to determine the number and percent of communicative words produced. Setting: A rehabilitation clinic and participants’ homes. Participants: Nineteen people with chronic aphasia following left hemisphere stroke. Interventions: Six weeks of intensive imitation therapy (3 x 30 minutes/day; 6 days/week) of words and phrases delivered via dedicated laptop. Main measures: We performed t-tests to assess post-therapy changes in narrative production, as well as for intervals during which no intervention was provided. We used stepwise regression to examine the predictive value of demographic, behavioral, and neurological variables in determining treatment outcome. Results: Significant gains were made on the narrative production task in both the number (mean = 34.36; p = 0.009) and percent (mean = 3.99; p = 0.023) of correct information units produced. For percent of correct information units, the number of therapy sessions completed was the sole predictor of changes in production following therapy (r= +0.542; p = 0.020). No variables predicted change in number of correct information units produced. There were no significant differences between the two pre-therapy or the two post-therapy time points ( p > 0.294). Conclusions: Intensive imitation-based aphasia therapy may promote generalization to an unrelated narrative production task. Further investigation is indicated.
Disability, Quality of Life, and Pain Coping in Pediatric Migraine: An Observational Study
Authors: Orr Serena L. , Christie Suzanne N. , Akiki Salwa , McMillan Hugh J. 
Published: April 2017

Objectives: The objective was to examine the relationship between disability, health-related quality of life (HrQoL), and pain coping in pediatric migraineurs. Method: Eighty-five patients with migraine were recruited from Pediatric Neurology clinics. Participants completed the Pediatric Migraine Disability Assessment Scale, the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, the Pain Coping Questionnaire, and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale. Means were compared to published norms using t-tests. Spearman correlations and logistic regression were used to explore the relationships between the variables. Results: Mean HrQoL scores were lower than norms for controls and chronically ill pediatric patients ( P < .0001). Patients reported lower mean pain coping scores and higher mean pain catastrophizing scores than norms ( P < .0001). After controlling for age and sex, only the relationship between disability and HrQoL remained significant (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.86-0.95). Conclusion: Pediatric patients with migraine report lower HrQoL, fewer pain coping strategies and more catastrophizing than controls, while disability is inversely associated with HrQoL.
A Study of Hyponatremia in Acute Encephalitis Syndrome: A Prospective Study From a Tertiary Care Center in India
Authors: Misra Usha Kant , Kalita Jayantee , Singh Rajesh Kumar , Bhoi Sanjeev Kumar 
Published: April 2017

Purpose: To evaluate the frequency and causes of hyponatremia in acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) and its effect on outcome. Patients and Methods: Consecutive patients with AES were subjected to neurological evaluation including Glasgow Coma Scale, focal weakness, movement disorder, and reflex changes. The etiology of AES was based on blood and cerebrospinal fluid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction. We have categorized patients into neurological or systemic AES. Hyponatremia was diagnosed if 2 consecutive serum sodium levels were below 135 mEq/L, 24 hours apart. Serum and urinary osmolality and electrolytes were measured on alternate days. Fluid intake, output, and body weight were measured daily. The hyponatremia was categorized into syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), cerebral salt wasting (CSW), or miscellaneous group. Outcome at 1 month was assessed by modified Rankin scale. Results: Of 79 patients, 34 had neurologic AES and 45 had systemic AES; 22 (27.8%) patients had hyponatremia. The neurologic AES as compared to systemic AES was more commonly associated with hyponatremia (38.2% vs 20%, P = .07), need longer hospitalization (25.0 vs 12.5 days, P = .003), and longer time for sodium correction (13.3 vs 8.2 days, P = .05). The hyponatremia was due to CSW in 12 patients, SIADH in 2 patients, and indeterminate in 8 patients. Thirty-six patients had poor outcome (15 died) and 43 had good outcome which was not related to hyponatremia. Conclusion: Hyponatremia occurs in one-third of patients with AES, being commoner in neurologic AES, and CSW is the commonest cause.