bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Critical Period in Purkinje Cell Development Is Mediated by Local Estradiol Synthesis, Disrupted by Inflammation, and Has Enduring Consequences Only for Males
Authors: Hoffman Jessica F. , Wright Christopher L. , McCarthy Margaret M. 
Published: September 2016

Identifying and understanding critical periods in brain development is essential to decoding the long-term impact of widespread, poorly defined, and frequently occurring insults such as inflammation. Using the laboratory ratRattus norvegicus, we have discovered a narrowly constrained critical period in Purkinje neuron development subject to dysregulation by inflammation. The onset and offset of heightened vulnerability are attributed to a tightly orchestrated gene expression profile present only during the second postnatal week and not the first or third weeks. Genes expressed during this time code for enzymes and receptors which are critical not only for prostaglandin production and activity but also for estradiol production via the aromatase enzyme and estradiol action via the α isoform of the estrogen receptor. The two synthetic pathways are connected by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) activation of the aromatase enzyme, as we reported previously (Dean et al., 2012b) and confirm here. Dysregulation of the PGE2–estradiol pathway during the second week by treatment with PGE2 or lipopolysaccharides produces enduring consequences as a result of reduced growth of Purkinje dendritic trees and impaired juvenile social play behavior, but only in males. The deleterious consequences of inflammation locally in the cerebellum are prevented by peripheral treatment with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor nimesulide or the aromatase inhibitor formestane. These findings highlight a novel regulatory pathway that creates a critical period in brain development vulnerable to dysregulation by inflammation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe cerebellum is increasingly appreciated for its role in social, emotional, and cognitive behaviors. It is consistently and severely affected in neuropsychiatric disorders originating during development, such as autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. We have identified a critical period in rat development during the second week of life that is dysregulated by inflammatory insults. An intrinsic program of gene expression determines the critical period. The enduring consequences of inflammation during the second postnatal week are stunted dendrites of the cerebellum's principal neurons, Purkinje cells, and impairments in later social behavior. These changes are not evident if inflammation occurs during the first or third week, highlighting the importance of fine-grained analyses of developmental processes and the factors that influence them.
Dissociable Changes of Frontal and Parietal Cortices in Inherent Functional Flexibility across the Human Life Span
Authors: Yin Dazhi , Liu Wenjing , Zeljic Kristina , Wang Zhiwei , Lv Qian , Fan Mingxia , Cheng Wenhong , Wang Zheng 
Published: September 2016

Extensive evidence suggests that frontoparietal regions can dynamically update their pattern of functional connectivity, supporting cognitive control and adaptive implementation of task demands. However, it is largely unknown whether this flexibly functional reconfiguration is intrinsic and occurs even in the absence of overt tasks. Based on recent advances in dynamics of resting-state functional resonance imaging (fMRI), we propose a probabilistic framework in which dynamic reconfiguration of intrinsic functional connectivity between each brain region and others can be represented as a probability distribution. A complexity measurement (i.e., entropy) was used to quantify functional flexibility, which characterizes heterogeneous connectivity between a particular region and others over time. Following this framework, we identified both functionally flexible and specialized regions over the human life span (112 healthy subjects from 13 to 76 years old). Across brainwide regions, we found regions showing high flexibility mainly in the higher-order association cortex, such as the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC), lateral parietal cortex, and lateral temporal lobules. In contrast, visual, auditory, and sensory areas exhibited low flexibility. Furthermore, we observed that flexibility of the right LPFC improved during maturation and reduced due to normal aging, with the opposite occurring for the left lateral parietal cortex. Our findings reveal dissociable changes of frontal and parietal cortices over the life span in terms of inherent functional flexibility. This study not only provides a new framework to quantify the spatiotemporal behavior of spontaneous brain activity, but also sheds light on the organizational principle behind changes in brain function across the human life span.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRecent neuroscientific research has demonstrated that the human capability of adaptive task control is primarily the result of the flexible operation of frontal brain networks. However, it remains unclear whether this flexibly functional reconfiguration is intrinsic and occurs in the absence of an overt task. In this study, we propose a probabilistic framework to quantify the functional flexibility of each brain region using resting-state fMRI. We identify regions showing high flexibility mainly in the higher-order association cortex. In contrast, primary and unimodal visual and sensory areas show low flexibility. On the other hand, our findings reveal dissociable changes of frontal and parietal cortices in terms of inherent functional flexibility over the life span.
Nebūties būtinybė. Apie Platono Sofistą
Authors: Chiurazzi Gaetano 
Published: September 2016

Straipsnyje teigiama, kad esama santykio tarp būties kaip dynamis pibrėžimo Platono Sofiste ir jo amžininkų diskusijos apie nebendramačius dydžius. Tai įrodoma aiškinant, jog kai kurie Platono argumentai, pasitelkiami teigiant kiekybinio būties apibrėžimo (vienis, daugis) nepagrįstumą, grąžina persvarstyti lyginių ir nelyginių skaičių skaidymo įrodymą, kuriuo pademonstruojamas kvadrato įstrižainės iracionalumas. Tuo remiantis, straipsnyje siekiama parodyti, jog būties kaip dynamis apibrėžimas yra būtinas siekiant „išsaugoti skirtumus“, t. y. neleisti, kad vienetas būtų lygus dvejetui, o taip atsitinka, pasak Platono, monistinės ir pliuralistinės mokyklų teorijose. Ši loginė ir ontologinė griūtis yra ir įstrižainės iracionalumo neigimo pasekmė. Tokiu atveju dynamis (šiuo vardu Teaitetas vadino iracionaliuosius skaičius), kaip vidurinis terminas tarp būties ir nebūties, tai yra kaip modalinis neigimas (skirtumas), yra reikalingas siekiant išlaikyti pačią bet kokio kito skirtumo galimybę.
Nihilizmas ir naũjosios įsivaizduojamybės formos modernybės pabaigoje
Authors: Vercellone Federico 
Published: September 2016

Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas (at)vaizdų įsiveržimas į mūsų pasaulį, sukėlęs estetinės patirties revoliuciją. (At)vaizdai jau nebelaikomi priklausančiais visatai, skirtingai nei realus pasaulis, aiškiai „suspenduotai“ kaip opozicija realybei. Jie gali net įtraukti mediją. Būtent medija paverčia (at)vaizdą atpažįstamu. Ji padaro jį suvokiamą kaip (at)vaizdą ir leidžia mums nesupainioti jo su realybe. Tačiau ši užtvara buvo griaunama, ne tik šiandien, bet labai dažnai (at)vaizdo istorijoje, pradedant Zeuksidu ir Parazijumi, o baigiant XVIII a. fantasmagorija ir 3D šiandien. Būtent šia užtvara naudodamiesi nuo XVIII a. iki šių dienų apibrėžiame nihilizmą. Žinoma, visa tai sukuria teorinių ir etinių problemų. Mat dabar, skaitmeninių medijų atveju, susiduriame su tokia medija, su kuria sueiname į mainų santykį, su medija, kurioje esame. Autoriaus teigimu, ją galėtume apibūdinti kaip „gyvą“ mediją, taip sugriaudami tradiciškai XX a. filosofijoje įsitvirtinusį technikos / subjektyvybės santykį, kai technika dominuoja žmonijos atžvilgiu, o ne atvirkščiai. Be to, tai naratyvi medija. Ji veikia tik interaktyviame mainų santykyje ir dialoge su ja besinaudojančiu subjektu. Šis santykis labai reikšmingas, kai susiduriame su (at)vaizdais: pavyzdžiui, kai turime reikalą su pasakojimu, skirtis tarp žodinės ir vaizdinės komunikacijos tampa taki. Šis interaktyvus santykis su (at)vaizdu išryškina jo performatyvų virtualumą ir primygtinai reikalauja plėtoti (at)vaizdų ir naujųjų technologijų etiką. Remdamiesi šiuo „gyvu“ santykiu su (at)vaizdu, galime tvirtinti, kad šiandieną turime reikalą su „sekuliaria“ mitologija, mitologija be dievų. Kitaip sakant, „pasaulio vėl užkerėjimo“ problematika.
Types of gambling and levels of harm: A UK study to assess severity of presentation in a treatment-seeking population
Authors: Ronzitti Silvia , Soldini Emiliano , Lutri Vittorio , Smith Neil , Clerici Massimo , Bowden-Jones Henrietta 
Published: September 2016

Background and aim
Previous international research emphasized that some forms of gambling are more “addictive” than others. More recently, research has shown that we should shift our attention from the type of gambling activity to the level of involvement in a number of different gambling activities. The aim of our study was to verify whether a higher Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) score was associated with particular gambling activities and evaluate the impact of involvement on gambling behavior.

Methods
A total of 736 treatment-seeking individuals with gambling disorder were assessed at the National Problem Gambling Clinic in London. First, the independent two-sample t-test and the Mann–Whitney test were used to verify if the PGSI score changed significantly according to the gambling activity at a bivariate level. Second, we conducted a cluster analysis and finally, we fitted a linear regression model in order to verify if some variables are useful to predict gambling addiction severity.

Results
The PGSI score was significantly higher for lower stakes gaming machine gamblers (1% significance level) and for fixed-odds betting terminal (FOBT) gamblers (5% significance level) at a bivariate level. Moreover, such finding was confirmed by cluster and linear regression analyses.

Conclusions
The results of this study indicated that gambling addiction severity was related to gambling involvement and, for a given level of gambling involvement, gambling addiction severity may vary according to gambling type, with a particularly significant increase for FOBT and gaming machine gambling.
GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION AMONG POPULATIONS OF Chromobotia macracanthus BLEEKER FROM SUMATRA AND KALIMANTAN BASED ON SEQUENCING GENE OF MTDNA CYTOCHROME B AND NUCLEUS DNA RAG2
Authors: Sudarto Sudarto , Hidonis Kafi , Paradis Emmanuel 
Published: October 2016

Research on genetic differentiation among populations of Chromobotia macracanthus Bleeker from Sumatra, based on sequencing gene of mtDNA Cytochrome b and nucleus DNA RAG2 has been done. The objectives of the study were to obtain the representation of genetic differentiation among population of clown loach fishes or botia (Chromobotia macracanthus) from Sumatra and Kalimantan and to estimate the time divergence of both population group of botia. Samples of botia population were taken from 3 rivers in Sumatra namely Batanghari, Musi, and Tulang Bawang and one river from Kalimantan namely Kapuas. The genetic analysis was based on the sequencing of mtDNA Cytochrome b and nucleus DNA RAG2. The statistical analysis was done by using APE package on R language. The parameters observed were: nucleotide diversity, genetic distance, and neighbor-joining tree. The result showed that the highest nucleotide diversity was fish population of Musi, while the other two populations, Tulang Bawang (Sumatra) and Kapuas (Kalimantan), were considered as the lowest genetic diversity especially based on nucleus DNA RAG2 sequencing. Based on mtDNA Cytochrome-b sequencing, the most distinct population among those populations based on genetic distance were fish populations of Musi and Kapuas. According to the result of neighbor-joining tree analysis, the populations of botia were classified into two groups namely group of Sumatra and group of Kalimantan. The estimation of time divergence among group of population of Sumatra and Kalimantan based on mtDNA Cytochrome b was about 9.25—9.46 million years (Miocene era). The high genetic differences between groups of Sumatra and Kalimantan suggested that the effort of restocking botia from Sumatra into Kalimantan has to be done carefully, because it may disturb the gene originality of both botia populations.
SISTEM PEREKRUTAN PEKERJA DAN HUBUNGAN KERJA PADA USAHA PERIKANAN TUNA
Authors: Wijaya Rizki Aprilian , Firdaus Maulana 
Published: September 2016

Ketersediaan tenaga kerja perikanan yang semakin langka, dan timpangnya sistem bagi hasil merupakan salah satu isu strategis dalam memetakan permasalahan tenaga kerja pada usaha perikanan tuna. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sistem perekrutan pekerja dan ketersediaan tenaga kerja serta menganalisis hubungan kerja antara pemilik kapal dan tenaga kerjanya pada usaha perikanan tuna di Kota Bitung. Penelitian dilakukan melalui pendekatan kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam (In-depth Interviews) kepada 30 orang informan dengan status sebagai pemilik kapal, nahkoda dan anak buah kapal (ABK). Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil kajian menunjukan bahwa sistem perekrutan tenaga kerja terjadi melalui jalur informal. Ketersediaan tenaga kerja ABK lebih mudah dicari dibandingkan dengan tenaga kerja nahkoda. Hubungan kerja antara pemilik kapal dan pekerjanya merupakan sebuah hubungan kerjasama dalam mencapai tujuan keberlanjutan usaha perikanan. Hambatan untuk peningkatan usaha terdapat pada proses penjualan ikan. Peningkatan posisi tawar pelaku usaha dapat dijadikan sebagai jalan keluar pemecahan masalah.Title: Worker Recruitment System and Working - Relationship on Tuna Fisheries The more scarce labor availability and disparity of sharing system was one of the strategies issues problem in tuna fisheries business. This paper aimed to analyzing the system of recruitment and labor supply, as well as analyzing the working relationship between the owners and workers at the business of tuna fisheries in Bitung City. The study was conducted using a survey method through a qualitative approach. Data collected through in-depth interviews to 30 informants with status as ship owners, captains and crew (ABK). Data analyzed used descriptive qualitative. Result showed that the system of labor recruitment occurs through informal channels. The crew labor availability relatively easy compared to the captain labor. The working relationships between ship owners and workers is a relationship of cooperation in achieving sustainable fisheries.Barriers to business improve are in the process of selling fish. Increase the bargaining position of fisher could be used as a way out to solving problems.
Pero, ¿se puede hablar de una literatura judeoconversa?
Authors: Roca María del Pilar 
Published: September 2016

Ese artículo hace algunas consideraciones sobre la hipótesis de que exista una literatura judeoconversa, abordando no tanto los temas como las categorías que el historiador Gershom Sholem consideró propias del pensamiento religioso judío, revelación y tradición. Desde esa perspectiva se analiza la obra literaria de intelectuales españoles del siglo 15 comparándolos, según propone Caro Baroja, con la tendencia que se instala en la Europa central de inicios del siglo 20.
Memória e testemunho: a fragilidade da narrativa em O que os cegos estão sonhando?, de Noemi Jaffe
Authors: Rodrigues Breno Fonseca 
Published: September 2016

Desde a Segunda Guerra Mundial, muito se tem escrito sobre a Shoah, o crime contra a humanidade perpetrado pelos nazistas. Ainda que a palavra “muito” sugira quantidade, a experiência vivida de forma coletiva na guerra é um apanhado de experiências individuais que, incitando diversos relatos, jamais se fatigarão. O livro O que os cegos estão sonhando?, com o Diário de Lili Jaffe (1944-1945) e o texto final de Leda Cartum, escrito e organizado por Noemi Jaffe, extrapola os limites de classificação. As reminiscências traumáticas da sobrevivente de Auschwitz, da vida após a guerra, a reconstrução e a esperança, perpassam a obra. Um testemunho que se volta para o passado para afirmar a vida presente, de três gerações de mulheres. Este artigo analisa a obra, em particular, o relato de Jaffe, traçando apontamentos sobre os modelos de composição da narrativa, da multiplicidade e da fragmentação, refletindo sobre a Shoah, tema complexo e indispensável aos estudos literários da contemporaneidade.
La Filosofía Griega Clásica Proyectada a la Medicina
Authors: Graña Aramburú Alejandro 
Published: September 2016

Este breve ensayo reseña algunos aspectos de la obra de Sócrates, Platón y Aristóteles, enfatizando en los aspectos éticos y la visión trascendente que pudieran tener en la práctica médica de hoy.
Relation entre le taux de pourriture de la vendange, l'activite laccase et l'aptitude a la casse oxydasique des mouts et des vins *
Authors: Cordonnier Robert , Hurtrel J. , Biron C. 
Published: September 2016

<p style="text-align: justify;">L'objet du travail décrit était de voir s'il pouvait être établi une relation entre le taux de pourriture de la vendange, l'activité laccase et l'aptitude à la casse oxydasique des moûts et des vins. L'activité laccase d'un moût est un critère très incertain pour chiffrer la proportion de pourriture d'une vendange ou pour donner une indication sur l'aptitude à la casse oxydasique du vin correspondant à cette vendange. Il est apparu en effet que l'aptitude à la casse oxydasique dépendait aussi d'autres facteurs biochimiques que la laccase. Parmi eux, sont évoqués la nature et la concentration en substrat phénolique du raisin qu'il serait intéressant de préciser en fonction des cépages.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">+++</p><p style="text-align: justify;">In this work, a potential relation between roten grapes level, laccase activity and tendency to oxidation of musts and wines is studied. Laccase activity of a must keeps uncertain to determine the level of roten grapes as to give an indication about capacity of oxidation of correspondant wines. Oxidation is in connection with other biochemical factors such as type and level of grape phenolics and varieties.</p><hr /><p style="text-align: justify;"> </p><p style="text-align: justify;">* Communication présentée aux Journées Internationales d'Etude du Groupe Polyphénols, 2-4 mai 1979 Logroiio (Espagne).</p>
Mobile Phone Handsets Industry Greatly Influence the Teenagers: The Positive Aspects
Authors: Agarwal Satish , Bhagoliwal Priyanka 
Published: September 2016

<div><p><em>The mobile phone handset industry is growing at a fast pace in the world and is dominating the Indian market with Hi-Tech products and innovation. This industry offers products and services with advanced technology and innovation making it an important gadget for survival among the people. It is hard to imagine a life without mobile phones. The study describes the various features of mobile phone handsets which are valued by the teenagers so as to place and promote the products perfectly. The study found that teenagers frequently use mobile phones mainly for games, social networking, chatting on Whatsapp, listening to music, browsing the internet, and feels that mobile phone handset is a style statement and it exhibits their status, standard, esteem etc. </em><strong></strong></p></div>
The 4M Process Safety Approach for Planning Simultaneous Operations SIMOPs in a Deepwater Tender Assist Project
Authors: Ajimoko Tayo 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
A simultaneous operation (SIMOP) is defined as two or more independent operations (such as drilling, workover, wire!ine, facilities construction, etc.) conducted under common operational control in which the activities of any one operation may impact the safety of personnel, equipment and/or the environment of the other(s). (Source: API Bulletin 97, Well Construction Interface Document Guidelines, 2013). Interaction of production and drilling operations may increase the likelihood of accidents in both, because the accident frequency may increase compared to normal operations. A drilling accident may have knockon effects on the production activities and vice versa thereby resulting in a loss (time, production, life, reputation).
This paper presents a methodology for planning a simultaneous drilling and production operation with a tender assisted semisubmersible drilling in the Gulf of Guinea. The major risk of the operation derives from its novelty and the increased level of situational awareness required from the crew. Efficient communication, interface management and integration amongst the different disciplines and departments are crucial for an efficient and cost-effective simultaneous operation.
The four M SIMOP planning [4MSIMOPPP ™] process can be broken down as: Measurement, Mitigation, Monitoring and Management. Measurement involves the scaling of the operations and scheduling in a logic system as well as the identification and assessment of latent and residual risks; both quantitative and qualitative risks will be considered. The mitigations will be considered and will include tiered contingencies and exit nodes. Robust integration of marine system, rig management system, production safety and management system and dynamic positioning system will be achieved by bridging all the systems on a common process that enhances communication. Monitoring systems to identify gaps, deviations and changes will also be developed.
An ultra deepwater SIMOP process safety model specific to the Gulf of Guinea but adaptable to any other basin in the world is developed. If properly implemented and managed, it has potential to significantly reduce process safety losses based on available statistics in the industry.
Risk Assessment of LPG Usage by Some Commercial Businesses in Tarkwa Municipality
Authors: Marfo Solomon Adjei , Tawiah Samuel , Naatu Fulgence Maal-Ire 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Some commercial businesses in urban areas such as Tarkwa are such working environments which have immense potential of being risk-prone as a result of the usage of energy sources such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). With an ever increasing human population in these urban areas, coupled with a high rate of energy consumption for survival, it is evident that commercial businesses in these urban areas are on the rise with or without requirements of industry standards with regards to LPG usage. Injury free working environment is an essential element for any successful venture. It is necessary to develop risk assessment strategies to decide on priorities and to set objectives for eliminating hazards and reducing risks. The research focus is on assessing the risks or otherwise dangers that are likely to be associated with the usage of LPG by some separate commercial business entities designated within Tarkwa-Nsuaem municipality. The data obtained from the businesses studied through the use of questionnaires indicated that all the business entities utilise LPG as major source of fuel or energy. This poses some amount of threat where fire and explosion are concern in their situated locations. This research, in order to identify the extent of existing risk, drew a comparison to associated standards by using a check list. The list entailed numerical values on experts’ viewpoints. The risk rate is obtained and subsequently businesses are ranked in accordance with their risk level or rate as high, medium or low. More than 65 % of the businesses studied lacked adequate good housekeeping and forecourt conditions, hence reducing the chances of clear escape routes. The research revealed that about 27 % of the businesses assessed were low-level risky, 40 % were moderately risky and 33 % highly risky.