bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunogenicity of Human Papillomavirus Recombinant Vaccine in Children with CKD
Authors: Nelson Delphine R. , Neu Alicia M. , Abraham Alison , Amaral Sandra , Batisky Donald , Fadrowski Jeffrey J. 
Published: April 2016

Background and objectives
There is a disproportionate burden of human papillomavirus (HPV) –related genital tract disease in patients with CKD and kidney transplantation; therefore, the potential effect of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine (Gardasil; Merck GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany) is profound. Immune abnormalities associated with CKD and immunosuppression may prevent optimal vaccine response. Our objective was to determine antibody response to the HPV vaccine in adolescent girls with CKD.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
This cohort study conducted from 2008 to 2012 included 57 girls aged 9–21 years old with CKD (n=25), on dialysis (n=9), or with status postkidney transplantation (n=23) who received the standard three–dose vaccine series of the HPV vaccine recruited from two pediatric nephrology clinics. Antibody levels to HPV genotypes 6, 11, 16, and 18 were measured before vaccine dose 1 (baseline), <12 months after vaccine dose 3 (blood draw 2), and ≥12 months after vaccine dose 3 (blood draw 3). Seropositivity was defined as antibody level above an established threshold for each HPV genotype. Not all participants completed three blood draws.

Results
Antibody response to all four HPV genotypes was 100% in the CKD and dialysis groups with samples drawn at <12 and ≥12 months after dose 3 of the HPV vaccine. Among patients with transplants, the percentages of patients achieving seropositivity were significantly lower at blood draw 2 for HPV genotypes 6 (63.6%; P=0.003), 11 (63.6%; P=0.003), and 18 (72.7%; P=0.02) and blood draw 3 for HPV genotypes 6 (62.5%; P=0.02), 11 (50%; P=0.001), 16 (75%; P=0.04), and 18 (50%; P=0.001).

Conclusions
Antibody response to the quadrivalent recombinant HPV vaccine was robust and sustained in girls and young women with CKD and on dialysis. A less robust response to the vaccine was observed among those with a kidney transplant. Additional study is needed to determine if vaccination before kidney transplantation or an alternative vaccination regimen would benefit transplant recipients.
Accelerated Fetal Growth Prior to Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Cohort Study of Nulliparous Women
Authors: Sovio Ulla , Murphy Helen R. , Smith Gordon C.S. 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether fetal overgrowth precedes the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to quantify the interrelationships among fetal overgrowth, GDM, and maternal obesity.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We conducted a prospective cohort study of unselected nulliparous women and performed ultrasonic measurement of the fetal abdominal circumference (AC) and head circumference (HC) at 20 and 28 weeks of gestational age (wkGA). Exposures were diagnosis of GDM ≥28 wkGA and maternal obesity. The risk of AC &gt;90th and HC-to-AC ratio &lt;10th percentile was modeled using log-binomial regression, adjusted for maternal characteristics.

RESULTS
Of 4,069 women, 171 (4.2%) were diagnosed with GDM at ≥28 wkGA. There was no association between fetal biometry at 20 wkGA and subsequent maternal diagnosis of GDM. However, at 28 wkGA, there was an increased risk of AC &gt;90th percentile (adjusted relative risk 2.05 [95% CI 1.37–3.07]) and HC-to-AC ratio &lt;10th percentile (1.97 [1.30–2.99]). Maternal obesity showed similar associations at 28 wkGA (2.04 [1.62–2.56] and 1.46 [1.12–1.90], respectively). The combination of GDM and obesity was associated with an approximately fivefold risk of AC &gt;90th (4.52 [2.98–6.85]) and approximately threefold risk of HC-to-AC ratio &lt;10th percentile (2.80 [1.64–4.78]) at 28 wkGA. Fetal AC &gt;90th percentile at 28 weeks was associated with an approximately fourfold risk of being large for gestational age at birth.

CONCLUSIONS
Diagnosis of GDM is preceded by excessive growth of the fetal AC between 20 and 28 wkGA, and its effects on fetal growth are additive with the effects of maternal obesity.
Effect of early mobilization and rehabilitation on complications in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Karic Tanja , Røe Cecilie , Nordenmark Tonje Haug , Becker Frank , Sorteberg Wilhelm , Sorteberg Angelika 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE
Early rehabilitation is effective in an array of acute neurological disorders but it is not established as part of treatment guidelines after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). This may in part be due to the fear of aggravating the development of cerebral vasospasm, which is the most feared complication of aSAH. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of early rehabilitation and mobilization on complications during the acute phase and within 90 days after aSAH.

METHODS
This was a prospective, interventional study that included patients with aSAH at the neuro-intermediate ward after aneurysm repair. The control group received standard treatment, whereas the early rehab group underwent early rehabilitation and mobilization in addition to standard treatment. Clinical and radiological characteristics of patients with aSAH, progression in mobilization, and treatment variables were registered. The frequency and severity of cerebral vasospasm, cerebral infarction acquired in conjunction with the aSAH, and acute and chronic hydrocephalus, as well as pulmonary and thromboembolic complications, were compared between the 2 groups.

RESULTS
Clinical and radiological characteristics of patients with aSAH were similar between the groups. The early rehab group was mobilized beginning on the first day after aneurysm repair. The significantly quicker and higher degree of mobilization in the early rehab group did not increase complications. Clinical cerebral vasospasm was not as frequent in the early rehab group and it also tended to be less severe. Each step of mobilization achieved during the first 4 days after aneurysm repair reduced the risk of severe vasospasm by 30%. Acute and chronic hydrocephalus were similar in both groups, but there was a tendency toward earlier shunt implantation among patients in the control group. Pulmonary infections, thromboembolic events, and death before discharge or within 90 days after the ictus were similar between the 2 groups.

CONCLUSIONS
Early rehabilitation of patients after aSAH is safe and feasible. The earlier and higher degree of mobilization does not increase neurosurgical complications. Rather, the frequency and severity of cerebral vasospasm following aSAH are alleviated and are not aggravated by early rehabilitation.
Clinical trial registration no.: NCT01656317 (www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Relevance of Simpson grading system and recurrence-free survival after surgery for World Health Organization Grade I meningioma
Authors: Nanda Anil , Bir Shyamal C. , Maiti Tanmoy K. , Konar Subhas K. , Missios Symeon , Guthikonda Bharat 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE
The clinical significance of the Simpson system for grading the extent of meningioma resection and its role as a predictor of the recurrence of World Health Organization (WHO) Grade I meningiomas have been questioned in the past, echoing changes in meningioma surgery over the years. The authors reviewed their experience in resecting WHO Grade I meningiomas and assessed the association between extent of resection, as evaluated using the Simpson classification, and recurrence-free survival (RFS) of patients after meningioma surgery.

METHODS
Clinical and radiological information for patients with WHO Grade I meningiomas who had undergone resective surgery over the past 20 years was retrospectively reviewed. Simpson and Shinshu grading scales were used to evaluate the extent of resection. Statistical analysis was conducted using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional-hazards regression.

RESULTS
Four hundred fifty-eight patients were eligible for analysis. Overall tumor recurrence rates for Simpson resection Grades I, II, III, and IV were 5%, 22%, 31%, and 35%, respectively. After Cox regression analysis, Simpson Grade I (extensive resection) was revealed as a significant predictor of RFS (p = 0.003). Patients undergoing Simpson Grade I and II resections showed significant improvement in RFS compared with patients undergoing Grade III and IV resections (p = 0.005). Extent of resection had a significant effect on recurrence rates for both skull base (p = 0.047) and convexity (p = 0.012) meningiomas. Female sex and a Karnofsky Performance Scale score > 70 were also identified as independent predictors of RFS after resection of WHO Grade I meningioma.

CONCLUSIONS
In this patient cohort, a significant association was noted between extent of resection and rates of tumor recurrence. In the authors' experience the Simpson grading system maintains its relevance and prognostic value and can serve an important role for patient education. Even though complete tumor resection is the goal, surgery should be tailored to each patient according to the risks and surgical morbidity.
Les réserves naturelles en 45 ans et deux mouvements : évolution, involution
Authors: Cans Chantal 
Published: April 2016

Rares sont les politiques publiques de protection des espaces naturels qui auront changé de logique aussi souvent, en si peu de temps, que celle des réserves naturelles. En quelque quatre décennies, les régimes se sont succédé, d'abord dans le sens d'un renforcement et d'une identification plus forte : en 1957, il s'agit principalement d'offrir des terrains d'étude aux scientifiques pour la recherche sur les interactions entre les milieux et les espèces, et de compléter le régime des sites scientifiques pour permettre l'adaptation des réglementations. En 1976, c'est l'édiction d'un régime autonome qui est mise en avant, mettant en adéquation les nécessités de protection et les moyens réglementaires d'y parvenir.
La réforme que viennent d'opérer les lois n° 2002-92 du 23 janvier 2002 relative à la Corse et surtout n° 2002-276 du 27 février 2002 relative à la démocratie de proximité ne semble pas suivre cette évolution et l'on peut s'interroger sur la volonté du législateur : les cartes sont particulièrement brouillées, aucun objectif clair n'est affiché. Les débats parlementaires sont muets sur les intentions qui ont conduit à la suppression définitive des réserves naturelles volontaires, ou bien à l'impossibilité de réglementer la chasse, la pêche ou les extractions de matériaux ailleurs que dans des « réserves nationales » créées par l'Etat.
Dynamic 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT and static image in NET patients
Authors: Van Binnebeek Sofie , Koole Michel , Terwinghe Christelle , Baete Kristof , Vanbilloen Bert , Haustermans Karine , Clement Paul , Bogaerts Kris , Verbruggen Alfons , Nackaerts Kris , Van Cutsem Eric , Verslype Chris , Mottaghy Felix , Deroose Christophe 
Published: April 2016

SummaryPurpose: To investigate the relationship between the dynamic parameters (Ki) and static image-derived parameters of 68Ga-DOTATOC-PET, to determine which static parameter best reflects underlying somatostatin-receptor-expression (SSR) levels on neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). Patients, methods: 20 patients with metastasized NETs underwent a dynamic and static 68Ga-DOTATOC-PET before PRRT and at 7 and 40 weeks after the first administration of 90Y-DOTATOC (in total 4 cycles were planned); 175 lesions were defined and analyzed on the dynamic as well as static scans. Quantitative analysis was performed using the software PMOD. One to five target lesions per patient were chosen and delineated manually on the baseline dynamic scan and further, on the corresponding static 68Ga-DOTATOC-PET and the dynamic and static 68Ga-DOTATOC-PET at the other time-points; SUVmax and SUVmean of the lesions was assessed on the other six scans. The input function was retrieved from the abdominal aorta on the images. Further on, Ki was calculated using the Patlak-Plot. At last, 5 reference regions for normalization of SUVtumour were delineated on the static scans resulting in 5 ratios (SUVratio). Results: SUVmax and SUVmean of the tumoural lesions on the dynamic 68Ga-DO-TATOC-PET had a very strong correlation with the corresponding parameters in the static scan (R²: 0.94 and 0.95 respectively). SUVmax, SUVmean and Ki of the lesions showed a good linear correlation; the SUVratios correlated poorly with Ki. A significantly better correlation was noticed between Ki and SUVtumour(max and mean) (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: As the dynamic para meter Ki correlates best with the absolute SUVtumour, SUVtumour best reflects underlying SSR-levels in NETs.
Marked hybridization and introgression in Ophrys sect. Pseudophrys in the western Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Cotrim Helena , Monteiro Filipa , Sousa Eva , Pinto Manuel J. , Fay Michael F. 
Published: April 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Orchids in the genus Ophrys represent extraordinary cases of tight coevolution between plants and their pollinators, and as a result, they present opportunities for studying hybridization, or a lack thereof, during speciation. However, few studies assess the real effect of hybridization in diversification. The three most representative species of section Pseudophrys in the western Iberian Peninsula—O. dyris, O. fusca, and O. lutea—were chosen to study evolutionary relationships and examine speciation.METHODS:Using eight specific nuclear microsatellite loci, 357 individuals from 28 locations were studied; 142 of these samples were also studied with four plastid microsatellite loci. Data were analyzed using Bayesian cluster analysis, a median‐joint network, and multivariate analysis.KEY RESULTS:Many O. dyris and O. fusca specimens had three or four alleles and were therefore treated as tetraploid. Ophrys dyris is poorly genetically separated from O. fusca, and pure populations are rare. Ophrys fusca and O. lutea are distinct, but hybrids/introgressed individuals were detected in most of the populations and supported by plastid haplotypes. Ophrys fusca is subdivided into three well‐delimited genetic lineages with a strict geographic correspondence confirmed by plastid haplotypes.CONCLUSIONS:Because postzygotic barriers are weak, leakage in this highly specialized orchid‐pollinator system contributes to hybridization and introgression. These leakages may have occurred during periods of past climate change, promoting homogenization and the potential for generations of new biodiversity via production of novel genotypes/phenotypes interacting with pollinators.
Comparative transmission genetics of introgressed chromatin in Gossypium (cotton) polyploids
Authors: Waghmare Vijay N. , Rong Junkang , Rogers Carl J. , Bowers John E. , Chee Peng W. , Gannaway John R. , Katageri Ishwarappa , Paterson Andrew H. 
Published: April 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Introgression is widely acknowledged as a potential source of valuable genetic variation, and growing effort is being invested in analysis of interspecific crosses conferring transgressive variation. Experimental backcross populations provide an opportunity to study transmission genetics following interspecific hybridization, identifying opportunities and constraints to introgressive crop improvement. The evolutionary consequences of introgression have been addressed at the theoretical level, however, issues related to levels and patterns of introgression among (plant) species remain inadequately explored, including such factors as polyploidization, subgenome interaction inhabiting a common nucleus, and the genomic distribution and linkage relationships of introgressant alleles.METHODS:We analyze introgression into the polyploid Gossypium hirsutum (upland cotton) from its sister G. tomentosum and compare the level and pattern with that of G. barbadense representing a different clade tracing to the same polyploidization.KEY RESULTS:Across the genome, recurrent backcrossing to Gossypium hirsutum yielded only one‐third of the expected average frequency of the G. tomentosum allele, although one unusual region showed preferential introgression. Although a similar rate of introgression is found in the two subgenomes of polyploid (AtDt) G. hirsutum, a preponderance of multilocus interactions were largely within the Dt subgenome.CONCLUSIONS:Skewed G. tomentosum chromatin transmission is polymorphic among two elite G. hirsutum genotypes, which suggests that genetic background may profoundly affect introgression of particular chromosomal regions. Only limited correspondence is found between G. hirsutum chromosomal regions that are intolerant to introgression from the two species, G. barbadense and G. tomentosum, concentrated near possible inversion polymorphisms. Complex transmission of introgressed chromatin highlights the challenges to utilization of exotic germplasm in crop improvement.
Oldest record of Metrosideros (Myrtaceae): Fossil flowers, fruits, and leaves from Australia
Authors: Tarran Myall , Wilson Peter G. , Hill Robert S. 
Published: April 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Myrtaceous fossil capsular fruits and flowers from the northwest of Tasmania, in the Early Oligocene‐aged Little Rapid River (LRR) deposit, are described. The reproductive organs are found in association with Myrtaceous leaves previously thought to belong to a fleshy‐fruited genus, Xanthomyrtus at both LRR, and an Eocene Tasmanian site at Hasties, which are reassessed with fresh morphological evidence.METHODS:Standard Light Microscopy (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate cuticular characters and an auto‐montage camera system was used to take high‐resolution images of fossil and extant fruits. Fossils are identified using a nearest living relative (NLR) approach.KEY RESULTS:The fossil fruits and flowers share a number of characters with genera of capsular‐fruited Myrtaceae, in particular sharing several synapomorphies with species of Metrosideros subg. Metrosideros (tribe: Metrosidereae). The fossil is here described, and named Metrosideros leunigii, sp. nov.CONCLUSIONS:This research establishes the presence of Metrosideros (aff. subg. Metrosideros) in the Eocene‐Oligocene (∼40‐30 mya) of Tasmania, Australia. This is the first fossil record of Metrosideros in Australia, as well as the oldest conclusive fossil record, and may provide evidence for an Australian origin of the genus. It is also yet another example of extinction in the Tertiary of a group of plants on the Australian mainland that is only found today on nearby Pacific landmasses.
ON THE LAMPPOST MODEL OF ACCRETING BLACK HOLES
Authors: Niedźwiecki Andrzej , Zdziarski Andrzej A. , Szanecki Michał 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
We study the lamppost model, in which the X-ray source in accreting black hole (BH) systems is located on the rotation axis close to the horizon. We point out a number of inconsistencies in the widely used lamppost model relxilllp, e.g., neglecting the redshift of the photons emitted by the lamppost that are directly observed. They appear to invalidate those model fitting results for which the source distances from the horizon are within several gravitational radii. Furthermore, if those results were correct, most of the photons produced in the lamppost would be trapped by the BH, and the luminosity generated in the source as measured at infinity would be much larger than that observed. This appears to be in conflict with the observed smooth state transitions between the hard and soft states of X-ray binaries. The required increase of the accretion rate and the associated efficiency reduction also present a problem for active galactic nuclei. Then, those models imply the luminosity measured in the local frame is much higher than that produced in the source and measured at infinity, due to the additional effects of time dilation and redshift, and the electron temperature is significantly higher than that observed. We show that these conditions imply that the fitted sources would be out of the e± pair equilibrium. On the other hand, the above issues pose relatively minor problems for sources at large distances from the BH, where relxilllp can still be used.
AN ORDERED BIPOLAR OUTFLOW FROM A MASSIVE EARLY-STAGE CORE
Authors: Tan Jonathan C. , Kong Shuo , Zhang Yichen , Fontani Francesco , Caselli Paola , Butler Michael J. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
We present ALMA follow-up observations of two massive, early-stage core candidates, C1-N and C1-S, in IRDC G028.37+00.07, that were previously identified by their

N

2

D

+

(3-2) emission, and show high levels of deuteration of this species. The cores are also dark at far-infrared wavelengths up to

∼
100

μ
m

. We detect 12CO(2-1) from a narrow, highly collimated bipolar outflow that is being launched from near the center of the C1-S core, which is also the location of the peak 1.3 mm dust continuum emission. This protostar, C1-Sa, has associated dense gas traced by

C

18

O

(2-1) and DCN(3-2), from which we estimate that it has a radial velocity that is near the center of the range exhibited by the C1-S massive core. A second outflow-driving source is also detected within the projected boundary of C1-S, but it appears to be at a different radial velocity. After considering the properties of the outflows, we conclude that C1-Sa is a promising candidate for an early-stage massive protostar and as such it shows that these early phases of massive star formation can involve highly ordered outflow, and thus accretion, processes, similar to models developed to explain low-mass protostars.
ISOTOPIC RATIOS OF CARBON AND OXYGEN IN TITAN’S CO USING ALMA
Authors: Serigano Joseph , Nixon C. A. , Cordiner M. A. , Irwin P. G. J. , Teanby N. A. , Charnley S. B. , Lindberg J. E. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
We report interferometric observations of carbon monoxide (CO) and its isotopologues in Titan’s atmosphere using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). The following transitions were detected: CO (J = 1–0, 2–1, 3–2, 6–5), 13CO (J = 2–1, 3–2, 6–5), C18O (J = 2–1, 3–2), and C17O (J = 3–2). Molecular abundances and the vertical atmospheric temperature profile were derived by modeling the observed emission line profiles using NEMESIS, a line-by-line radiative transfer code. We present the first spectroscopic detection of 17O in the outer solar system with C17O detected at >8σ confidence. The abundance of CO was determined to be 49.6

±

1.8 ppm, assumed to be constant with altitude, with isotopic ratios 12C/13C = 89.9

±

3.4, 16O/18O = 486

±

22, and 16O/17O = 2917

±

359. The measurements of 12C/13C and 16O/18O ratios are the most precise values obtained in Titan’s atmospheric CO to date. Our results are in good agreement with previous studies and suggest no significant deviations from standard terrestrial isotopic ratios.