bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of different strategies of mineral supplementation (marine algae alone or combined with rumen boluses) in organic dairy systems
Authors: López‐Alonso M. , Rey‐Crespo F. , Orjales I. , Rodríguez‐Bermúdez R. , Miranda M. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThis study was designed to evaluate the effect of marine algae supplementation alone or in combination with a regular mineral supplement (rumen boluses) to improve the mineral status in organic dairy cattle and their effect on the milk mineral composition, milk production, composition (% of fat and protein) and quality (SCC). Thirty‐two Holstein Friesian lactating cows were randomly selected and assigned to the algae (A), boluses (B), algae+boluses (AB) and control group (C). For the algae groups (A, AB), a supplement composed of Sea Lettuce (80%), Japanese Wireweed (17.5%) and Furbelows (2.5%) was formulated to be given to the cows at the rate of 100 g/animal per day (A1) for the length of 4 weeks. In the second half of the experiment (weeks 5–8), the algae mixture was reformulated and the proportion of Furbelows was increased from 2.5% to 5.0% with a subsequent decrease of Lettuce to 77.5% (A2). In the boluses group (B), each cow received 2 boluses after calving. Blood (serum) and milk samples were collected at 2 and 4 week intervals, respectively, and analysed for trace element concentrations by ICP‐MS. Information related to the milk composition and SCC during a 305‐day lactation for each animal were obtained from the Dairy Records Management System. The supplementation with algae, boluses or the combination of both treatments showed a statistically significant effect on the iodine (algae), selenium (boluses) and cobalt (algae+boluses) status of the animals. In milk, treatments had a statistical significant increase on iodine, and a tendency to increase selenium concentrations. The assayed algae mixture combined with another source of selenium could be an effective tool to improve the mineral status in serum and milk.
Effects of beta‐glucans ingestion (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on metabolism of rats receiving high‐fat diet
Authors: de Araújo T. V. , Andrade E. F. , Lobato R. V. , Orlando D. R. , Gomes N. F. , de Sousa R. V. , Zangeronimo M. G. , Pereira L. J. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryWe investigated the effects of beta‐glucans (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) ingestion on metabolic parameters of Wistar rats receiving high‐fat diet. The experimental period was divided into two stages: in the first one, the animals were divided into two groups containing 12 animals each. The first group received commercial feed and the second received high‐fat diet containing 20% of pork fat during 60 days. At the end of this period, body weight, blood glucose and Lee index were assessed. In the second stage, those 24 animals were redivided into four groups: (C) – control diet; (CB) – control diet and treated with Beta‐glucan (BG); (O) – obese animals and (OB) – obese animals treated with BG. Animals from groups CB and OB received 30 mg/kg of BG dissolved in saline solution by gavage. Animals from groups C and O received only saline solution for 28 days. The design used was totally randomized in 2 × 2 factorial scheme. Data were submitted to analysis of variance (anova). Animals from OB group showed inferior levels (p < 0.05) of total cholesterol (13.33%), triacylglycerols (16.77%) and blood glucose (23.97%) when compared to the animals from group O. The use of BG has provided smaller increase in Lee index (p < 0.05), without promoting alteration in feed and water consumption, organs weight, HDL‐C, LDL+VLDL‐C, carcass composition, villus/crypt ratio, and pancreas, kidney and stomach histology. BG from S. cerevisiae promoted beneficial metabolic effects in rats receiving high‐fat diet.
Determination of sulfadiazine, trimethoprim, and N4‐acetyl‐sulfadiazine in fish muscle plus skin by Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. Withdrawal‐time calculation after in‐feed administration in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) fed two different diets
Authors: Zonaras V. , Tyrpenou A. , Alexis M. , Koupparis M. 
Published: March 2016

This study presents a depletion study for sulfadiazine and trimethoprim in muscle plus skin of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.). N4‐acetyl‐sulfadiazine, the main metabolite of sulfadiazine (SDZ), was also examined. The fish were held in seawater at a temperature of 24–26 °C. SDZ and trimethoprim (TMP) were administered orally with medicated feed for five consecutive days at daily doses of 25 mg SDZ and 5 mg TMP per kg of fish body weight per day. Two different diets, fish oil‐ and plant oil‐based diets, were investigated. Ten fish were sampled at each of the days 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, and 12 after the start of veterinary medicine administration. However for the calculation of the withdrawal periods, sampling day 1 was set as 24 h after the last dose of the treatment. Fish samples were analyzed for SDZ, TMP, and acetyl‐sulfadiazine (AcSDZ) residues by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. SDZ and TMP concentrations declined rapidly from muscle plus skin. Considering a maximum residue limit of 100 μg/kg for the total of sulfonamides and 50 μg/kg for TMP residues in fish muscle plus skin, the withdrawal periods of the premix trimethoprim‐sulfadiazine 50% were calculated as 5 and 6 days, at 24–26 °C, in fish oil (FO) and plant oil (PO) groups, respectively. The investigation of this work is important to protect consumers by controlling the undesirable residues in fish.
Does a mouse have a friend? Mixed evidence for individual recognition in the African striped mouse (Rhabdomys pumilio)
Authors: Brunner P. , Schoepf I. , Yuen C. H. , König B. , Schradin C. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIndividual recognition, the ability to discriminate between members of a social group according to their distinctive characteristics, is a sophisticated form of social recognition. Several laboratory studies demonstrated individual recognition in rodents, but not under natural conditions. We combined behavioral observations and an experiment to assess individual recognition in free‐living African striped mice Rhabdomys pumilio. Striped mice live in groups that share a nest, but forage alone during the day. Interactions among group members are typically amicable and take place at the nest. In order to determine whether striped mice have individualized relationships, we analyzed whether focal mice interacted repeatedly more often with one specific group member. Data from 58 focal individuals from 15 groups revealed that the individual with which amicable interactions occurred the most was often alone in one mode of the data distribution, indicating that behavior toward this specific individual differed compared to the behavior to all other group members. Striped mice consistently preferred this specific individual during the following weeks. Preferred social partners of both breeders and younger non‐breeders were young non‐breeders. Sex‐specific effects were obtained only for young adult males and breeding females, which both associated more often with the opposite sex. For 11 young adults from 11 groups, the preferred social partner was trapped and removed, either overnight (experiment) or only during the day (control), when striped mice forage solitarily and usually do not interact with group members. Striped mice interacted on average more with their preferred social partner after it returned in the experimental group compared to the control (7 of 11 experiments), but the difference was not significant (P = 0.16). Our study indicates that striped mice might have individualized relationships, although they failed to significantly indicate individual recognition during experimental removals. Future studies will have to test the adaptive function of individualized relationships in African striped mice.
The ability of Hepascore to predict liver fibrosis in chronic liver disease: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Huang Yi , Adams Leon A. , Joseph John , Bulsara Max K. , Jeffrey Gary P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackground & AimsHepascore is a serum model that was developed to assess the severity of liver fibrosis. It has been well validated in common causes of chronic liver disease. This study performed a meta‐analysis to evaluate the pooled diagnostic performance of Hepascore and to compare it for different aetiologies of chronic liver disease.MethodsTwo reviewers searched electronic databases from October 2005 to September 2015 for studies that evaluated the diagnostic performance of Hepascore for liver fibrosis in chronic liver disease.Results21 studies were included. The AUROC was adjusted according to the distribution of fibrosis stages. The mean adjusted AUROC was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.81–0.85) for significant fibrosis, 0.89 (95% CI, 0.85–0.92) for advance fibrosis and 0.93 (95% CI, 0.91–0.95) for cirrhosis. A cut point of 0.50–0.55 achieved a summary sensitivity of 70% and a summary specificity of 79% to predict significant fibrosis. A cut point of 0.50–0.61 had a summary sensitivity of 81% and a summary specificity of 74% to predict advanced fibrosis. A cut point of 0.80–0.84 had a summary sensitivity of 72% and a summary specificity of 0.88% to predict cirrhosis. The accuracy of Hepascore was similar among all disease aetiologies for the prediction of cirrhosis. However, Hepascore had better diagnostic ability for significant and advanced fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C, chronic hepatitis B and alcoholic liver disease than for non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and HIV co‐infected viral hepatitis.ConclusionsHepascore is a clinically useful measure of liver fibrosis in patients with common causes of chronic liver disease.
Grade of soluble inflammatory response is mainly affected by circulating bacterial DNA concentrations in cirrhosis
Authors: Caro Elena , Francés Rubén , Zapater Pedro , Pascual Sonia , Bellot Pablo , Such José 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackground & AimsPatients with decompensated cirrhosis show a marked innate immune response that shows a wide variability. The reasons for this fact have not been previously evaluated. This investigation was undertaken to study factors influencing the immune response intensity in both serum and ascitic fluid in patients with cirrhosis and ascites with presence of bactDNA.Methods77 patients with cirrhosis and presence of bactDNA fragments in blood and ascitic fluid were included. Identification of bactDNA was evaluated by 16SrRNA gene PCR followed by nucleotide sequencing and by species‐specific PCR. Concentration of amplified bacterial‐DNA, bacteria identification, LPS, TNF‐alpha, IFN‐gamma, Interleukin 12 and nitric oxide in serum and ascitic fluid were evaluated as factors related to intensity of the immune response.ResultsSerum and AF levels of bactDNA, TNF‐α, IFN‐γ and nitric oxide concentration were higher in patients with presence of bactDNA from gram negative bacteria. Serum TNF‐α levels showed a significant correlation with concentrations of bactDNA (r = 0.88; P = 0.001) and LPS (r = 0.28; P = 0.016). Serum nitric oxide levels were also significantly correlated with concentrations of bactDNA (r = 0.761; P = 0.001) but not with LPS levels. Levels of INF‐γ and IL‐12 were not significantly correlated with either bactDNA nor LPS levels. Plasmatic concentration of bactDNA was the most accurately correlated factor with the inflammatory response (ancova model included only levels of bactDNA (r2 = 0.87, P = 0.047 for TNF‐α; r2 = 0.45, P = 0.03 for NOx).ConclusionsBacterial‐DNA concentration is the most influencing variable associated with serum TNF‐α and nitric oxide response.
2‐phenylethynesulphonamide (PFT‐μ) enhances the anticancer effect of the novel hsp90 inhibitor NVP‐AUY922 in melanoma, by reducing GSH levels
Authors: Yeramian Andree , Vea Alvar , Benítez Sandra , Ribera Joan , Domingo Mónica , Santacana Maria , Martinez Montserrat , Maiques Oscar , Valls Joan , Dolcet Xavier , Vilella Ramón , Cabiscol Elisa , Matias‐Guiu Xavier , Marti Rosa M. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryHeat shock proteins (HSPs), are molecular chaperones that assist the proper folding of nascent proteins. This study aims to evaluate the antitumour effects of the hsp90 inhibitor NVP‐AUY922 in melanoma, both in vitro and in vivo. Our results show that NVP‐AUY922 inhibits melanoma cell growth in vitro, with down regulation of multiple signalling pathways involved in melanoma progression such as NF‐ĸB and MAPK/ERK. However, NVP‐AUY922 was unable to limit tumour growth in vivo. Cotreatment of A375M xenografts with NVP‐AUY922 and PFT‐μ, a dual inhibitor of both hsp70 and autophagy, induced a synergistic increase of cell death in vitro, and delayed tumour formation in A375M xenografts. PFT‐μ depleted cells from the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) and increased oxidative stress. The oxidative stress induced by PFT‐μ further enhanced NVP‐AUY922‐induced cytotoxic effects. These data suggest a potential therapeutic role for NVP‐AUY922 used in combination with PFT‐μ, in melanoma.
Limitations of Majority Agreement in Crowdsourced Image Interpretation
Authors: Salk Carl F , Sturn Tobias , See Linda , Fritz Steffen 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCrowdsourcing can efficiently complete tasks that are difficult to automate, but the quality of crowdsourced data is tricky to evaluate. Algorithms to grade volunteer work often assume that all tasks are similarly difficult, an assumption that is frequently false. We use a cropland identification game with over 2,600 participants and 165,000 unique tasks to investigate how best to evaluate the difficulty of crowdsourced tasks and to what extent this is possible based on volunteer responses alone. Inter‐volunteer agreement exceeded 90% for about 80% of the images and was negatively correlated with volunteer‐expressed uncertainty about image classification. A total of 343 relatively difficult images were independently classified as cropland, non‐cropland or impossible by two experts. The experts disagreed weakly (one said impossible while the other rated as cropland or non‐cropland) on 27% of the images, but disagreed strongly (cropland vs. non‐cropland) on only 7%. Inter‐volunteer disagreement increased significantly with inter‐expert disagreement. While volunteers agreed with expert classifications for most images, over 20% would have been mis‐categorized if only the volunteers’ majority vote was used. We end with a series of recommendations for managing the challenges posed by heterogeneous tasks in crowdsourcing campaigns.
Initial in vitro studies on tissues and cells from GTKO/CD46/NeuGcKO pigs
Authors: Lee Whayoung , Hara Hidetaka , Ezzelarab Mohamed B. , Iwase Hayato , Bottino Rita , Long Cassandra , Ramsoondar Jagdeece , Ayares David , Cooper David K.C. 
Published: March 2016

AbsractBackgroundThe impact that the absence of expression of NeuGc in pigs might have on pig organ or cell transplantation in humans has been studied in vitro, but only using red blood cells (pRBCs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pPBMCs) as the target cells for immune assays. We have extended this work in various in vitro models and now report our initial results.MethodsThe models we have used involve GTKO/hCD46 and GTKO/hCD46/NeuGcKO pig aortas and corneas, and pRBCs, pPBMCs, aortic endothelial cells (pAECs), corneal endothelial cells (pCECs), and isolated pancreatic islets. We have investigated the effect of the absence of NeuGc expression on (i) human IgM and IgG binding, (ii) the T‐cell proliferative response, (iii) human platelet aggregation, and (iv) in an in vitro assay of the instant blood‐mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR) following exposure of pig islets to human blood/serum.ResultsThe lack of expression of NeuGc on some pig tissues (aortas, corneas) and cells (RBCs, PBMCs, AECs) significantly reduces the extent of human antibody binding. In contrast, the absence of NeuGc expression on some pig tissues (CECs, isolated islet cells) does not reduce human antibody binding, possibly due to their relatively low NeuGc expression level. The strength of the human T‐cell proliferative response may also be marginally reduced, but is already weak to GTKO/hCD46 pAECs and islet cells. We also demonstrate that the absence of NeuGc expression on GTKO/hCD46 pAECs does not reduce human platelet aggregation, and nor does it significantly modify the IBMIR to pig islets.ConclusionThe absence of NeuGc on some solid organs from GTKO/hCD46/NeuGcKO pigs should reduce the human antibody response after clinical transplantation when compared to GTKO/hCD46 pig organs. However, the clinical benefit of using certain tissue (e.g., cornea, islets) from GTKO/hCD46/NeuGcKO pigs is questionable.
The maternal microbiota drives early postnatal innate immune development
Authors: Gomez de Agüero Mercedes , Ganal-Vonarburg Stephanie C. , Fuhrer Tobias , Rupp Sandra , Uchimura Yasuhiro , Li Hai , Steinert Anna , Heikenwalder Mathias , Hapfelmeier Siegfried , Sauer Uwe , McCoy Kathy D. , Macpherson Andrew J. 
Published: March 2016

Mom's bugs shape of spring immunityIn utero, babies are relatively microbe-free but are quickly colonized at birth. These early microbial residents help to shape our immune systems. Gomez de Agüeroet al.wondered whether the maternal microbiome also affects the of springs' immune system during gestation. To do this, they transiently colonized otherwise microbe-free pregnant mice. Compared to those born to microbe-free moms, pups born to colonized moms had increased numbers of certain innate immune cells and different patterns of gene expression in their guts.Science, this issue p.1296
Quantum criticality with two length scales
Authors: Shao Hui , Guo Wenan , Sandvik Anders W. 
Published: March 2016

Describing an exotic magnetic transition
Phase transitions can be caused by temperature fluctuations or, more exotically, by quantum fluctuations at zero temperature. To describe some of these quantum phase transitions, researchers came up with a complex theory called deconfined quantum criticality.

However, subsequent numerical simulations were inconsistent with some of the predictions of the theory, leading to a debate on its validity. By using quantum Monte Carlo simulations, Shao
et al.
show that it is possible to reconcile numerics with the theory for a specific model of 2D quantum magnetism.

Science
, this issue p.
213
Complete Genome Sequence of
Alternanthera mosaic virus
, Isolated from
Achyranthes bidentata
in Asia
Authors: Iwabuchi Nozomu , Yoshida Tetsuya , Yusa Akira , Nishida Shuko , Tanno Kazuyuki , Keima Takuya , Nijo Takamichi , Yamaji Yasuyuki , Namba Shigetou 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Alternanthera mosaic virus
(AltMV) infecting
Achyranthes bidentata
was first detected in Asia, and the complete genome sequence (6,604 nucleotides) was determined. Sequence identity analysis and phylogenetic analysis confirmed that this isolate is the most phylogenetically distant AltMV isolate worldwide.
Complete Genome Sequence of
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Serotype g Strain NUM4039 (JCM 30399)
Authors: Saito Masanori , Hirasawa Masaaki , Kuwahara Noriko , Okada Tamami , Umezawa Koji , Kobayashi Taira , Okamoto Masaaki , Naito Mariko , Hirasawa Masatomo , Takada Kazuko 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
is considered to be a major etiological agent of aggressive periodontitis and includes serotype a to g strains. We herein report the first complete genome sequence of
A. actinomycetemcomitans
serotype g strain NUM4039. The genome is 2,382,853 bp in length with a G+C content of 44.34%.
Statins, antidiabetic medications and liver histology in patients with diabetes with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Nascimbeni Fabio , Aron-Wisnewsky Judith , Pais Raluca , Tordjman Joan , Poitou Christine , Charlotte Frederic , Bedossa Pierre , Poynard Thierry , Clément Karine , Ratziu Vlad ,   for the LIDO study Group
Published: March 2016

BackgroundType-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor for progressive non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Drugs commonly prescribed in patients with T2DM may affect liver histology by interfering with lipid metabolism and insulin resistance/secretion.AimWe studied if statins or antidiabetic agents were associated with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and significant fibrosis (SF).MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional study of 346 diabetics with biopsy-proven NAFLD. T2DM was defined as fasting glucose ≥7 mmol/L or glycated haemoglobin ≥6.5% and/or use of antidiabetics. NASH was defined according to the FLIP algorithm and SF as F2–4 Kleiner's stages.Results84% of patients were on antidiabetic therapy and 45% on statins. NASH and SF were present in 57% and 48% of patients. Statin-treated patients were older, more frequently male and with poorer glycaemic control despite more frequent antidiabetic therapy than those without statins; however, the prevalence of NASH (57%vs56%, p=0.868) and SF (48%vs48%, p=0.943) was not different between statin users and non-users. NASH was more common in patients on metformin or insulin than in those not treated with these drugs (60%vs47%, p=0.026; 68%vs53%, p=0.017). SF was more common in those treated with sulfonylureas (57%vs44%, p=0.030). Multivariate analyses confirmed that use of statins was independently and negatively associated with both NASH (OR (95% CI) 0.57 (0.32 to 1.01), p=0.055) and SF (OR (95% CI) 0.47 (0.26 to 0.84), p=0.011). Moreover, we found independent associations between insulin use and NASH (OR (95% CI) 2.24 (1.11 to 4.54), p=0.025) and sulfonylureas use and SF (OR (95% CI) 2.04 (1.11 to 3.74), p=0.022).ConclusionsSeveral medications used in patients with diabetes are differently associated with NAFLD histology. Statin use is negatively associated, while insulin and sulfonylureas are positively associated with NASH and SF. A wider use of statins may be warranted in this high-risk population.