bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Genomewide Association Study Identifies Two Sex‐Specific Loci, at SPTB and IZUMO3, Influencing Pediatric Bone Mineral Density at Multiple Skeletal Sites
Authors: Chesi Alessandra , Mitchell Jonathan A , Kalkwarf Heidi J , Bradfield Jonathan P , Lappe Joan M , Cousminer Diana L , Roy Sani M , McCormack Shana E , Gilsanz Vicente , Oberfield Sharon E , Hakonarson Hakon , Shepherd John A , Kelly Andrea , Zemel Babette S , Grant Struan FA 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTFailure to achieve optimal bone mineral accretion during childhood and adolescence results in subsequent suboptimal peak bone mass, contributing to osteoporosis risk later in life. To identify novel genetic factors that influence pediatric bone mass at discrete skeletal sites, we performed a sex‐stratified genomewide association study of areal bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry at the 1/3 distal radius, spine, total hip, and femoral neck in a cohort of 933 healthy European American children. We took forward signals with p < 5 × 10−5 and minor allele frequency (MAF) >5% into an independent cohort of 486 European American children in search of replication. In doing so, we identified five loci that achieved genome wide significance in the combined cohorts (nearest genes: CPED1, IZUMO3, RBFOX1, SPBT, and TBPL2), of which the last four were novel and two were sex‐specific (SPTB in females and IZUMO3 in males), with all of them yielding associations that were particularly strong at a specific skeletal site. Annotation of potential regulatory function, expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) effects and pathway analyses identified several potential target genes at these associated loci. This study highlights the importance of sex‐stratified analyses at discrete skeletal sites during the critical period of bone accrual, and identifies novel loci for further functional follow‐up to pinpoint key genes and better understand the regulation of bone development in children. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Later Age at Onset of Independent Walking Is Associated With Lower Bone Strength at Fracture‐Prone Sites in Older Men
Authors: Ireland Alex , Muthuri Stella , Rittweger Joern , Adams Judith E , Ward Kate A , Kuh Diana , Cooper Rachel 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTLater age at onset of independent walking is associated with lower leg bone strength in childhood and adolescence. However, it is unknown whether these associations persist into older age or whether they are evident at axial (central) or upper limb sites. Therefore, we examined walking age obtained at age 2 years and bone outcomes obtained by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) scans at ages 60 to 64 years in a nationally representative cohort study of British people, the MRC National Survey of Health and Development. It was hypothesized that later walking age would be associated with lower bone strength at all sites. Later independent walking age was associated with lower height‐adjusted hip (standardized regression coefficients with 95% confidence interval [CI] –0.179 [–0.251 to –0.107]), spine (–0.157 [–0.232 to –0.082]), and distal radius (–0.159 [–0.245 to –0.073]) bone mineral content (BMC, indicating bone compressive strength) in men (all p < 0.001). Adjustment for covariates partially attenuated these associations, primarily because of lower lean mass and adolescent sporting ability in later walkers. These associations were also evident for a number of hip geometric parameters (including cross‐sectional moment of inertia [CSMI], indicating bone bending/torsional strength) assessed by hip structural analysis (HSA) from DXA scans. Similar height‐adjusted associations were also observed in women for several hip, spine, and upper limb outcomes, although adjustment for fat or lean mass led to complete attenuation for most outcomes, with the exception of femoral shaft CSMI and spine bone area (BA). In conclusion, later independent walking age appears to have a lifelong association with bone strength across multiple skeletal sites in men. These effects may result from direct effects of early life loading on bone growth and mediation by adult body composition. Results suggest that late walking age may represent a novel risk factor for subsequent low bone strength. Existing interventions effective in hastening walking age may have positive effects on bone across life. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc.
Association of Body Size at Birth and Childhood Growth With Hip Fractures in Older Age: An Exploratory Follow‐Up of the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Mikkola Tuija M , von Bonsdorff Mikaela B , Osmond Clive , Salonen Minna K , Kajantie Eero , Eriksson Johan G 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTChildhood growth has been linked with bone properties in adulthood, whereas less is known about the contribution of early growth to bone fracture risk. We investigated the association of body size at birth and childhood growth with hip fractures and pharmacotherapy for osteoporosis in older age. Men and women, born full term, from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study (n = 8345) were followed until the age of 68 to 80 years. Height and weight from birth to 11 years were obtained from health care records and diagnoses of hip fractures and osteoporosis drug purchases from national registers. Independent associations of each age period were analyzed using Cox models adjusted for age, childhood and adulthood socioeconomic status, and drugs affecting bone metabolism. In men, the risk of hip fractures was nonlinearly associated with childhood growth. Compared to intermediate increase, low and high increase in height between 2 and 7 years (p < 0.001) were associated with all hip fractures and hip fractures sustained after the age of 50 years. Further, compared to intermediate gain, low and high gain in BMI between 7 and 11 years (p = 0.001) were associated with greater risk of hip fractures in men. In women, growth was not associated with the risk of hip fractures but greater weight (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.85; 95% CI, 0.77 to 0.94; p = 0.001) and BMI (HR 0.86; 95% CI, 0.78 to 0.95; p = 0.003) gain between ages 2 and 7 years were associated with a decreased risk of pharmacotherapy for osteoporosis. In men, growth was not associated with the risk of pharmacotherapy for osteoporosis. In conclusion, growth during childhood may contribute to the risk of hip fractures in later life among men. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia after prostatic arterial embolization in a canine model: A 3T multiparametric MRI and whole‐mount step‐section pathology correlated longitudinal study
Authors: Li Basen , Xu Anhui , Wang Nan , Min Xiangde , Feng Zhaoyan , Deng Ming , Li Liang , Cai Jie , Kang Zhen , Jiang Kehua , Kuang Dong , Wang Liang 
Published: February 2017

PurposeTo explore the morphological and functional characteristics of prostatic arterial embolization (PAE) in a canine model of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with 3T multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp‐MRI) and whole‐mount step‐section pathology correlation.Materials and MethodsEight adult male beagle dogs with hormone‐induced BPH underwent 3T mp‐MRI before and 1, 3, and 6 months after PAE, with subsequent whole‐mount step‐section pathologic assessment. Images were acquired using T1‐weighted images (T1WI), T2WI, 3D‐SPACE, diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI), T2‐mapping, and dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) sequences. Variance analysis was performed to assess statistical differences in prostatic volume (PV), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and T2 values. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to correlate ADC, T2, and PV.ResultsThe PV decreased from baseline to 1, 3, and 6 months after PAE from (25.88 ± 7.09) cm3 to (6.48 ± 2.08) cm3, (6.48 ± 3.39) cm3, (6.20 ± 2.88) cm3. The ADC values sequentially decreased from baseline to 1, 3, and 6 months after PAE from (1497.06 ± 222.72) × 10−6 mm2/s to (1056.00 ± 189.46) × 10−6 mm2/s, (950.48 ± 77.85) × 10−6 mm2/s, (980.98 ± 107.78) × 10−6 mm2/s. The T2 values decreased from baseline to 1, 3, and 6 months after PAE were (83.74 ± 5.29) msec, (68.72 ± 5.66) msec, (53.96 ± 15.04) msec, (49.81 ± 13.34) msec, respectively. ADC and T2 values were positively correlated with PV (r = 0.823 and 0.744, respectively). Microhemorrhages and hemosiderin were found on SWI after PAE.Conclusion3T mp‐MRI may facilitate noninvasive assessment of morphological and functional changes of BPH after PAE.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1220–1229.
Apparent diffusion coefficient values may help predict which MRI‐detected high‐risk breast lesions will upgrade at surgical excision
Authors: Cheeney Safia , Rahbar Habib , Dontchos Brian N. , Javid Sara H. , Rendi Mara H. , Partridge Savannah C. 
Published: February 2017

PurposeTo investigate whether diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) features could assist in determining which high‐risk lesions identified on dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diagnosed on core needle biopsy (CNB) will upgrade to malignancy on surgical excision.Materials and MethodsThis Institutional Review Board (IRB)‐approved prospective study included participants with MRI‐detected Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI‐RADS) 4 or 5 lesions with high‐risk pathology on CNB who underwent surgical excision. Twenty‐three high‐risk lesions detected on 3T breast MRI in 20 women (average age = 54 ± 9 years) were evaluated, of which six lesions (26%) upgraded to malignancy at surgery. DCE, DWI characteristics, and clinical factors were compared between high‐risk lesions that upgraded to malignancy on surgical excision and those that did not. Logistic regression modeling was performed to identify features that optimally predicted upgrade to malignancy, with performance described using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).ResultsHigh‐risk lesions that upgraded on excision demonstrated lower apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) than those that did not (median, 1.08 × 10−3 mm2/s vs.1.39 × 10−3 mm2/s, P = 0.046), and a trend of greater maximum lesion size (median, 24 mm vs. 8 mm, P = 0.053). There were no significant differences in lesion type (mass vs. nonmass enhancement, P = 1.0) or kinetic features (P = 0.78 for peak initial enhancement; P = 1.0 for worst curve type) among the high‐risk cohorts. A model incorporating maximum lesion size and ADC provided optimal performance to predict upgrade to malignancy (AUC = 0.89).ConclusionADC and maximum lesion size on MRI show promise for predicting which MRI‐detected high‐risk lesions will upgrade to malignancy at surgical excision.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1028–1036.
Optimal parameters to avoid thermal necrosis during bone drilling: A finite element analysis
Authors: Mediouni Mohamed , Schlatterer Daniel R. , Khoury Amal , Von Bergen Tobias , Shetty Sunil H. , Arora Manit , Dhond Amit , Vaughan Neil , Volosnikov Alexander 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTThe drilling bone may potentially cause excessive frictional heat, which can lead to local bone necrosis. This heat generation and local necrosis has been suggested to contribute to the resorption of bone around the placed screws, ending in loss of screw purchase in the bone and inadvertent loosening and/or the bone‐implant construct. In vivo studies on this subject have inherent obstacles not the least of which is controlling the variables and real time bone temperature data acquisition. Theoretical models can be generated using computer software and the inclusion of known constants for the mechanical properties of metal and bone. These known Data points for the variables (drill bit and bone) enables finite element analysis of various bone drilling scenarios. An elastic–plastic three‐dimensional (3D) acetabular bone mode was developed and finite element model analysis (FEA) was applied to various simulated drilling procedures. The FEA results clearly indicate that the depth of drilling and the drill speed both have a significant effect on the temperature during drilling procedures. The reduction of the feeding speed leads to a reduction in bone temperature. Our data suggests that reducing the feeding speed regardless of RPMs and pressure applied could be a simple useful and effective way to reduce drilling temperatures. This study is the first step in helping any surgeon who drills bone and places screws to better understand the ideal pressure to apply and drill speed to employ and advance rate to avoid osteonecrosis. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2386–2391, 2017.
Phenotypic diversity and evaluation of fresh pods of cowpea landraces from Southern Europe
Authors: Lazaridi Efstathia , Ntatsi Georgia , Fernández Juan A , Karapanos Ioannis , Carnide Valdemar , Savvas Dimitrios , Bebeli Penelope J 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDCowpea fresh pods are consumed as green vegetables in many countries in Southern Europe. Among cowpea cultivated material, a relatively large number of landraces can be found, maintaining species genetic diversity. To assess the value of these landraces in breeding programs, the characterization and estimation of diversity levels is therefore required. In the present study, an estimation of the diversity and evaluation of cowpea landraces originating from Portugal, Spain and Greece, in terms of their fresh pod traits, was performed, aiming to assist with the problem of low cowpea production in Southern Europe.RESULTSA notable mean total phenotypic diversity (HT= 0.57) was observed in the whole collection. The Spanish cv. ‐ gr.unguiculatacollection exhibited the highest value of total phenotypic diversity (0.56). Landraces did not differ significantly from each other regarding the three countries of origin. Landraces such as Cp4906, Vg60 and BGE038478 presenting higher values of some traits studied could contribute to the breeding of new cowpea varieties for fresh pod production. Positive correlations were observed, indicating the feasibility of breeding for preferable traits regarding fresh pod consumption.CONCLUSIONThe present study has revealed a wide diversity among and within cowpea landraces that could enhance fresh pod production in South European countries. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
An in situ incubation method for measuring the productivity and responses of under‐ice algae to ocean acidification and warming in polar marine habitats
Authors: Barr Neill G. , Lohrer Andrew M. , Cummings Vonda J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDuring the Antarctic spring, algae grows under extensive areas of sea‐ice and is a fundamental source of primary production. Understanding how under‐ice (bottom‐ice) algae will be affected by ocean warming and acidification is critically important in determining the probable future flow‐on effects to the ecological communities this algae supports. To investigate this we designed and built a customised experimental system to assess the in situ responses of under‐ice algae to changes in both seawater pH and temperature. We conducted two trials in 2013 followed by a successful 14‐day incubation experiment in 2014 in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, using the system described here. Assessment of our main control parameters indicated we could reliably control and monitor both pH and temperature in transparent under‐ice chambers. The “plug‐and‐play” nature of our novel system meant it was easy for divers to deploy and maintain in the very cold temperatures experienced under the sea‐ice. Moreover, the system could be remotely sampled from a surface laboratory. This enabled robust monitoring and analyses of manipulated seawater conditions (e.g., pH and temperature), and of responses of the associated biological communities (e.g., fluxes in dissolved oxygen and nutrient levels).
Laser‐induced thermal coagulation enhances skin uptake of topically applied compounds
Authors: Haak C.S. , Hannibal J. , Paasch U. , Anderson R.R. , Haedersdal M. 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundAblative fractional laser (AFL) generates microchannels in skin surrounded by a zone of thermally altered tissue, termed the coagulation zone (CZ). The thickness of CZ varies according to applied wavelength and laser settings. It is well‐known that AFL channels facilitate uptake of topically applied compounds, but the importance of CZ is unknown.MethodsFranz Cells were used to investigate skin uptake and permeation of fluorescent labeled polyethylene glycols (PEGs) with mean molecular weights (MW) of 350, 1,000, and 5,000 Da. Microchannels with CZ thicknesses ranging from 0 to 80 μm were generated from micro‐needles (0 μm, CZ‐0), and AFL (10,600 nm) applied to −80°C deep frozen skin (20 μm, CZ‐20) and skin equilibrated to room temperature (80 μm, CZ‐80). Channels penetrated into similar mid‐dermal skin depths of 600–700 μm, and number of channels per skin area was similar. At 4 hours incubation, skin uptake of PEGs into CZ and dermis was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy at specific skin depths of 150, 400, and 1,000 μm and the transcutaneous permeation was quantified by fluorescence of receptor fluids.ResultsOverall, the highest uptake of PEGs was reached through microchannels surrounded by CZ compared to channels with no CZ (CZ‐20 and CZ‐80>CZ‐0).The thickness of CZ affected PEG distribution in skin. A thin CZ‐20 favored significantly higher mean fluorescence intensities inside CZ areas compared to CZ‐80 (PEG 350, 1,000, and 5,000; P < 0.001). In dermis, the uptake through CZ‐20 channels was significantly higher than through CZ‐80 and CZ‐0 at all skin depths (PEG 350, 1,000 and 5,000, 150–1,000 μm; P < 0.001). Correspondingly, transcutaneous permeation of PEG 350 was highest in CZ‐20 compared to CZ‐80 and CZ‐0 samples (P < 0.001). Permeation of larger molecules (PEG 1,000 and PEG 5,000) was generally low.ConclusionUptake of topical compounds is higher through microchannels surrounded by a CZ than without a CZ. Moreover, CZ thickness influences PEG distribution, with highest PEG uptake achieved from microchannels surrounded by a thin CZ. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:582–591, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Large‐Scale Highly Aligned Nanowire Printing
Authors: Lee Yeongjun , Min Sung‐Yong , Lee Tae‐Woo 
Published: February 2017

Nanowires (NWs) are 1D confined nanostructures; this geometry gives them unique properties that have been exploited in fabrication of high‐density and high‐tech electronic devices. Current method to produce NWs cannot fabricate large‐scale‐aligned NW arrays with precise control of length, orientation, location, and number of NWs individually; these inabilities hinder application of NWs in practical electronics. This paper describes e‐nanowire printing, a method to print highly aligned NWs on a large scale, and then reviews recent progress in various electronic applications with highly aligned NWs. Finally, future research is suggested to advance nanoelectronics.
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Improvement in muscle strength with low‐load isotonic training depends on fascicle length but not joint angle
Authors: Tanaka Hiroki , Ikezoe Tome , Nakamura Masatoshi , Yanase Ko , Fujita Kosuke , Motomura Yoshiki , Kusano Ken , Araki Kojiro , Umehara Jun , Saeki Junya , Morishita Katsuyuki , Ichihashi Noriaki 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTIntroductionIn this study we investigate whether low‐load isotonic training will elicit greater improvement in muscle strength at the same fascicle length, rather than at the same joint angle.MethodsSixteen healthy men (24.1 ± 2.5 years of age) were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. Pre‐ and posttraining maximum isometric and isokinetic strengths and fascicle lengths of the medial gastrocnemius muscle were measured. Isotonic resistance training at 15 ° to 30 ° ankle plantarflexion at low intensity was conducted for 4 weeks.ResultsThe maximum isometric and isokinetic strength of the intervention group increased significantly only at 15 ° dorsiflexion and 8 ° to 12 ° dorsiflexion. Fascicle length during maximum voluntary contraction at 15 ° dorsiflexion to 0 ° was similar to fascicle length under training conditions.DiscussionIt is possible that the improvement in muscle strength with low‐load training depends on fascicle length rather than joint angle. Muscle Nerve 57: 83–89, 2018
Alterations of intrinsic tongue muscle properties with aging
Authors: Cullins Miranda J. , Connor Nadine P. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Age‐related decline in the intrinsic lingual musculature could contribute to swallowing disorders, yet the effects of age on these muscles is unknown. We hypothesized there is reduced muscle fiber size and shifts to slower myosin heavy chain (MyHC) fiber types with age. Methods: Intrinsic lingual muscles were sampled from 8 young adult (9 months) and 8 old (32 months) Fischer 344/Brown Norway rats. Fiber size and MyHC were determined by fluorescent immunohistochemistry. Results: Age was associated with a reduced number of rapidly contracting muscle fibers, and more slowly contracting fibers. Decreased fiber size was found only in the transverse and verticalis muscles. Discussion: Shifts in muscle composition from faster to slower MyHC fiber types may contribute to age‐related changes in swallowing duration. Decreasing muscle fiber size in the protrusive transverse and verticalis muscles may contribute to reductions in maximum isometric tongue pressure found with age. Differences among regions and muscles may be associated with different functional demands. Muscle Nerve 56: E119–E125, 2017
Dietary Diversity on the Swahili Coast: The Fauna from Two Zanzibar Trading Locales
Authors: Prendergast M. E. , Quintana Morales E. M. , Crowther A. , Horton M. C. , Boivin N. L. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractOccupants of coastal and island eastern Africa—now known as the ‘Swahili coast’—were involved in long‐distance trade with the Indian Ocean world during the later first millennium CE. Such exchanges may be traced via the appearance of non‐native animals in the archaeofaunal record; additionally, this record reveals daily culinary practises of the members of trading communities and can thus shed light on subsistence technologies and social organisation. Yet despite the potential contributions of faunal data to Swahili coast archaeology, few detailed zooarchaeological studies have been conducted. Here, we present an analysis of faunal remains from new excavations at two coastal Zanzibar trading locales: the small settlement of Fukuchani in the north‐west and the larger town of Unguja Ukuu in the south‐west. The occurrences of non‐native fauna at these sites—Asian black rat (Rattus rattus) and domestic chicken (Gallus gallus), as well as domestic cat (Felis catus)—are among the earliest in eastern Africa. The sites contrast with one another in their emphases on wild and domestic fauna: Fukuchani's inhabitants were economically and socially engaged with the wild terrestrial realm, evidenced not only through diet but also through the burial of a cache of wild bovid metatarsals. In contrast, the town of Unguja Ukuu had a domestic economy reliant on caprine herding, alongside more limited chicken keeping, although hunting or trapping of wild fauna also played an important role. Occupants of both sites were focused on a diversity of near‐shore marine resources, with little or no evidence for the kind of venturing into deeper waters that would have required investment in new technologies. Comparisons with contemporaneous sites suggest that some of the patterns at Fukuchani and Unguja Ukuu are not replicated elsewhere. This diversity in early Swahili coast foodways is essential to discussions of the agents engaged in long‐distance maritime trade. © 2017 The Authors International Journal of Osteoarchaeology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.