bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“It's kinda like a sick joke”: Young people, labor market experiences, and the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Shupp Parker Emily , Kloc Michael , Friedline Terri , Shanks Trina 
Published: October 2024

AbstractYoung people struggle to enter a new capitalist economy characterized by job instability and devalued wages and labor. The COVID‐19 pandemic exacerbated this instability, since employment sectors hit hardest by the economic recession affected jobs where young people worked. We study racially marginalized young people's labor market experiences in the United States through in‐depth interviews with seven participants conducted between 2019 and 2022, before and during the pandemic. Through coding and analysis, we develop themes of surviving, navigating the labor market, and glimpsing cracks in the capitalist wall. Interviews illustrate how racial capitalism pulls the rug out from under young people while offering illusions of stability through cobbled‐together work, benefits, and housing. Young people describe tuning themselves to become better capitalists and shifting their mindset to survive. Even so, young people recognize the pandemic created opportunities to question the status quo and reevaluate their engagements within the current capitalist economy.
Use of free preventive dental programme for children: 10 years of Lov'U'r Teeth, France
Authors: Mascre Céline , Bas Anne‐Charlotte 
Published: October 2024

AimLov'U'r Teeth is a French oral health prevention programme targeting children. The programme offers an appointment with a dentist for oral examination and individual oral health advice. It covers any necessary primary dental care resulting from that examination. Despite being free, it was under‐utilised at its previous evaluation 10 years ago. The study aims to identify the determinants of participation and their evolution since 2009.MethodsWe worked on the General Beneficiary Sample, a medico‐administrative database representative of the French population, including health‐care consumption data. We selected individuals aged 6 to 15. We performed descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regressions to analyse and compare the determinants of participation between 2009 and 2019. The final sample included 26 288 children.ResultsLov'U'r Teeth participation rate increased by 4.2 percentage points from 2009 to 2019. Participation was highest at age 6 and declined as age increased. Children from households facing financial difficulties have a 72% lower probability of participating than other children. Over the study period, increasing poverty rates were consistently associated with lower participation. Children living in the areas with the highest poverty rates were up to 46% less likely to participate than those in areas with the lowest poverty rates.ConclusionParticipation in Lov'U'r Teeth has improved over the past 10 years, but the programme continues to reproduce social inequalities, as the determinants of using free preventive dental care mirror those of non‐preventive care. Lov'U'r Teeth should enhance communication strategies to reach those in need and clarify the programme's benefits.
Gender Differences in the Migration Process: A Narrative Literature Review
Authors: Anastasiadou Athina , Kim Jisu , Sanlitürk Ebru , de Valk Helga A. G. , Zagheni Emilio 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMigration scholars agree that migration is a highly gendered process. While the literature on this topic is increasing, the knowledge produced remains fragmentary and has not been synthesized systematically yet. This literature review aims at summarizing the current findings of quantitative migration research comparing migration patterns between genders and highlighting gaps and patterns in the literature over time. Following a reproducible and systematic approach, 6032 articles have been scanned and 170 were considered for in‐depth content analysis. The review of the literature revealed that women have a lower propensity than men to realize their migration aspirations conditional on migration intentions. Moreover, many articles analyzing migration flows by gender do not support the common narrative of a feminization of migration. Finally, evidence from the migration literature supports the assumption that migrant women experience a double burden of discrimination in the destination country labor market based on their gender and their migration status. It becomes apparent that gender‐based comparisons between migration outcomes have received the most attention in the literature followed by the comparison of determinants. The stage of the journey received only little attention. This literature review also focuses on the data sources used to produce our knowledge on gender differences in the migration process. Thereby, it stands out that the majority of papers rely on survey data for the analysis. Digital trace data are a promising source for gender‐disaggregated data and can potentially complement the scarce aggregate migration data landscape.
Reconsidering the Relationship Between Educational Hypogamy and Intimate Partner Violence: Evidence from India
Authors: Pandian Roshan K. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPast research suggests that the expansion of women's education reduces their exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) due to attitudinal changes and women's greater access to resources. The IPV literature also suggests that educational hypogamy (women marrying men with less education) increases IPV as women face backlash associated with gender‐status inconsistencies. However, existing research has not effectively tested the link between educational hypogamy and IPV. In this study, I provide a direct and explicit test of this backlash hypothesis using nationally representative National Family Health Survey data from India, a country characterized by high levels of IPV and gender inequality but rising levels of educational hypogamy. Using an interactive specification between wife's and husband's education, I do not find evidence for a positive association between educational hypogamy and IPV. Women's education is associated with reduced IPV, even in some instances when it exceeds the husband's education. Further analyses suggest that educational hypogamy by itself does not raise IPV risk in India because increased education does not necessarily grant Indian women greater access to other resources such as employment and income. Rather, education likely shapes IPV by precipitating attitudinal changes that lead to IPV rejection. This study contributes to theories of the family, gender, and violence and presents findings that contradict much of the literature on educational hypogamy and IPV in the Global South.
Bioavailable testosterone and androgen receptor activation, but not total testosterone, are associated with muscle mass and strength in females
Authors: Alexander Sarah E. , Gatto Briana , Knowles Olivia E. , Williams Ross M. , Fiebig Kinga N. , Jansons Paul , Della Gatta Paul A. , Garnham Andrew , Eynon Nir , Wadley Glenn D. , Aisbett Brad , Hiam Danielle , Lamon Séverine 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTestosterone, the major androgen, influences the reproductive and non‐reproductive systems in males and females via binding to the androgen receptor (AR). Both circulating endogenous testosterone and muscle AR protein content are positively associated with muscle mass and strength in males, but there is no such evidence in females. Here, we tested whether circulating testosterone levels were associated with muscle mass, function, or the muscle anabolic response to resistance training in pre‐menopausal females. Twenty‐seven pre‐menopausal, untrained females (aged 23.5 ± 4.8 years) underwent a 12‐week resistance training programme. Muscle strength, size, power, and plasma and urine androgen hormone levels were measured. Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected before and after the training programme to quantify the effect of resistance training on AR content and nuclear localisation. Primary muscle cell lines were cultured from a subset (n = 6) of the participants’ biopsies and treated with testosterone to investigate its effect on myotube diameter, markers of muscle protein synthesis and AR cellular localisation. Physiological levels of total testosterone were not associated with muscle mass or strength at baseline or with the changes in muscle mass and strength that occurred in response to resistance training in our cohort of pre‐menopausal females. In contrast, bioavailable testosterone and the proportion of nuclear‐localised AR were positively associated with skeletal muscle mass and strength in pre‐menopausal females. In vitro, supra‐physiological doses of testosterone increased myocyte diameter, but this did not occur via the Akt/mTOR pathway as previously suggested. Instead, we show a marked increase in AR nuclear localisation with testosterone administration in vitro.
imageKey points
Total circulating testosterone was not related to muscle mass or strength before or after resistance training in pre‐menopausal females.
Bioavailable testosterone was positively related to exercise‐induced muscle hypertrophy in pre‐menopausal females.
In vivo nuclear localisation of the androgen receptor was positively related to muscle mass in pre‐menopausal females at baseline, but not to resistance training‐induced hypertrophy.
Testosterone treatment induced androgen receptor nuclear translocation but did not induce mTOR signalling in primary skeletal myocytes cultured from pre‐menopausal female muscle.
Dynamics of cardio‐muscular networks in exercise and fatigue
Authors: Garcia‐Retortillo Sergi , Ch Ivanov Plamen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA fundamental question in cardiovascular and muscle physiology is how the heart operates in synchrony with distinct muscles to regulate homeostasis, enable movement and adapt to exercise demands and fatigue. Here we investigate how autonomic regulation of cardiac function synchronizes and integrates as a network with the activity of distinct muscles during exercise. Further, we establish how the network of cardio‐muscular interactions reorganizes with fatigue. Thirty healthy young adults performed two body weight squat tests until exhaustion. Simultaneous recordings were taken of a 3‐lead electrocardiogram (EKG) along with electromyography (EMG) signals from the left and right vastus lateralis, and left and right erector spinae. We first obtained instantaneous heart rate (HR) derived from the EKG signal and decomposed the EMG recordings in 10 frequency bands (F1–F10). We next quantified pair‐wise coupling (cross‐correlation) between the time series for HR and all EMG spectral power frequency bands in each leg and back muscle. We uncovered the first profiles of cardio‐muscular network interactions, which depend on the role muscles play during exercise and muscle fibre histochemical characteristics. Additionally, we observed a significant decline in the degree of cardio‐muscular coupling with fatigue, characterized by complex transitions from synchronous to asynchronous behaviour across a range of timescales. The network approach we utilized introduces new avenues for the development of novel network‐based markers, with the potential to characterize multilevel cardio‐muscular interactions to assess global health, levels of fatigue, fitness status or the effectiveness of cardiovascular and muscle injury rehabilitation programmes.
imageKey points
The heart operates in synchrony with muscles to regulate homeostasis, enable movement, and adapt to exercise demands and fatigue. However, the precise mechanisms regulating cardio‐muscular coupling remain unknown.
This study introduces a pioneering approach to assess cardio‐muscular network interactions by examining the synchronization of cardiac function with muscle activity during exercise and fatigue.
We uncover the first profiles of cardio‐muscular interactions characterized by specific hierarchical organization of link strength.
We observe a significant decline in the degree of cardio‐muscular coupling with fatigue, marked by complex transitions from synchronous to asynchronous behaviour.
This network approach offers new network‐based markers to characterize multilevel cardio‐muscular interactions to assess global health, levels of fatigue, fitness status or the effectiveness of cardiovascular and muscle injury rehabilitation programmes.
An Efficient Analysis of Amplitude and Phase Dynamics in Networked MEMS-Colpitts Oscillators
Authors: Rahimpour Shaghayegh , Bajaj Nikhil , Dane Quinn D. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper explores the interactions of both phase and amplitude in a network of N MEMS-Colpitts oscillators that are resistively coupled. The numerical simulations of the extensive networks of oscillators, required for emerging applications such as clock synchronization and neuromorphic computing, become computationally prohibitive as the number of oscillators increases. This complicates the design and evaluation of such systems, as understanding the effects of changes in coupling and design parameters can require many simulations. This study employs the method of multiple scales (MS) in combination with the harmonic balance method to convert the coupled differential equations governing the system of oscillators into a set of nonlinear evolution equations for the amplitude and phase of the oscillators. The amplitude and phase evolve on a timescale that is slow, commensurate with the damping in the system, compared with the fast timescale of the oscillation frequencies. The approach used in this study to describe the amplitude and phase dynamics offers significant computational efficiency (gains of 10× to 50× are shown) compared to direct numerical integration while maintaining an accurate representation of the response. The results of the presented simulations demonstrate the effect of coupling strength on the dynamics of the network, accounting for both phase and amplitude dynamics.
Impact of the Abrasive Solution Heating Process With Different Techniques on the Etching Parameters for the SSNTD (CN-85)
Authors: Salim Manar Dheyaa , Khalaf Hyam Nazmy Badr , Marzaali Awsam Abdulsattar , Mostafa Mostafa Y. A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The presented work aims to compare and analyze the impact of the abrasive solution heating process using three different techniques on the etching parameters for the solid-state nuclear track detector (SSNTD) (CN-85). Water bath technique (WB) is using water as a conduction medium of heat transfer to heat the etching solution. The thermal oven technique (TO) is using air as a convection heat transfer medium to heat the etching solution. Finally, the micro-wave technique (MW) as electromagnetic radiation no need for a medium to heat the etching solution. That comparison will be achieved at different irradiation times to an Americium-241 source (241Am) of 5.486 MeV energy and 10 μCi activity as an alpha particle's emitter. Two irradiation times 10 s and 20 s are applied. Small pieces of CN-85 detectors (1 × 1) cm2 were used. CN-85 detector parameters of the etching process, with the three applying techniques (WB, TO, and MW), are estimated and compared. The obtained results from the three techniques are compared. The etching process time is developed to nearly 5 min for MW with heating by radiation mechanism compared to 25–35 min for etching techniques (WB and TO) with heating by conduction and convection mechanisms, respectively. The efficiency of MW technique with range of from 70% to 75% are five times greater than that for WB and TO techniques.
Dynamic Response and Damage Analysis of a Large Steel Tank Impacted by an Explosive Fragment
Authors: Zhou Lijian , Deng Hua , Xu Liguang , Zhang Rui 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The fragments generated by explosions of storage tanks in chemical industrial parks may cause perforations or dents in adjacent tanks and trigger a domino effect. This paper determined reasonable fragment parameters based on the statistical laws of accidents and empirical formulas. The dynamic response process of large steel tanks impacted by fragments was simulated with ls-dyna. The typical impact process and results were analyzed in detail, and the damage laws of the tanks were discussed under various filling coefficients, volumes, fragment velocities, and impact angles. The results indicate that the inertial resistance of the inner liquid shortens the impact duration. Multiple collisions occur between the fragment and tank during impact, and the impact process involves three stages: initial collision, crushing and collision, and separation flight. The impact center displacement shows a fast and then slow reduction trend as the liquid level height increases, and the damage to the tank is negatively correlated with the liquid level height. The damage is lower when the tank volume is larger in an empty tank or at a high liquid level, while the damage instead increases when the volume exceeds 5000 m3 at a low liquid level. The peak impact force of the end-cap fragment is greatest when frontal impact occurs. Fragment flipping and curling occur at 45 deg and 90 deg impact, respectively. As the vertical impact angle increases from 0 deg to 90 deg, the fragment impact mode changes from initial frontal impact to flip detachment and finally to curling deformation.
Tool Wear Prediction in Broaching Based on Tool Geometry
Authors: Zachert Christoph , Meurer Markus , Bergs Thomas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The aircraft engine is a safety-critical part of an aircraft. Constructive modifications resulting in ecological and economic improvements of the engine lead to necessary changes in manufacturing processes. The turbine disks in the low-pressure section are made of temperature resistant nickel-based superalloys. For the connection of the turbine blades with the disk, fir-tree slots are machined by broaching. The broaching process achieves high geometrical accuracy as well as process reliable rim zone properties. Alternative manufacturing processes such as milling or wire electrical discharge machining are still the subject of research in many applications and do not yet achieve the required process reliability. Especially in finishing operations, tool geometry is complex. In previous research work, the local rake angle and, as a result, the acting cutting force were determined analytically and empirically. Based on these results, the relationship between tool geometry, cutting force, and tool wear will be investigated in this work to enable a cutting length dependent prediction of tool wear. The aim of this work is a model-based prediction of tool wear for a given cutting length and a previously unknown tool geometry. For this purpose, a method was developed to predict tool wear using empirical test data and internal machine data. With these results, it is not only possible to identify critical points on newly developed broaching tools by maxima of the cutting force but also to predict wear locally, depending on the cutting length. Thus, tools can be optimized, and efficiency of the broaching process is increased.
Electric Vehicle Energy Management via Traffic Light Detection and Segmental Velocity Forecasting
Authors: Liu Yuanzhi , Wang Jingbo , Zhang Jie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Predictive-based power control has been widely recognized as a promising approach to boost driving range and improve system-level energy efficiency for electric vehicles (EVs), in which vehicle velocity forecasting generally serves as a preliminary input to optimally schedule the operations of varying onboard electrical and thermal systems. A segment-based velocity forecasting approach for individual commuting vehicles developed in this study reveals that it is challenging to forecast the velocity at intersection segments only using the velocity data. To address this challenge, this study seeks to develop a YOLO-V2-based object detection deep network to recognize the traffic lights in advance and leverage the detected signals to establish a forecasting model that integrates with the probability-based hybrid forecasting approach. The case study results show that the traffic light detection-based forecasting model can significantly improve the forecasting accuracy for intersection segments. Based on the forecasting velocity 5–15 s ahead, the effectiveness of model predictive control-based energy management strategy is further evaluated with a liquid-based battery thermal control system. The proposed battery thermal management system (BTMS) model shows promising results in maintaining battery temperature within an appropriate range, thus improving the overall energy efficiency of the EV. Moreover, a traffic light-based real-time energy management framework is developed to directly control the power demand from the air conditioning (AC) system.
An Alternative Finite Element Formulation to Predict Ductile Fracture in Highly Deformable Materials
Authors: de Toledo Paula Gabriel , Pascon João Paulo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
An alternative finite element formulation to predict ductile damage and fracture in highly deformable materials is presented. For this purpose, a finite-strain elastoplastic model based on the Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman (GTN) formulation is employed, in which the level of damage is described by the void volume fraction (or porosity). The model accounts for large strains, associative plasticity, and isotropic hardening, as well as void nucleation, coalescence, and material failure. To avoid severe damage localization, a nonlocal enrichment is adopted, resulting in a mixed finite element whose degrees-of-freedom are the current positions and nonlocal porosity at the nodes. In this work, 2D triangular elements of linear-order and plane-stress conditions are used. Two systems of equations have to be solved: the global variables system, involving the degrees-of-freedom; and the internal variables system, including the damage and plastic variables. To this end, a new numerical strategy has been developed, in which the change in material stiffness due to the evolution of internal variables is embedded in the consistent tangent operator regarding the global system. The performance of the proposed formulation is assessed by three numerical examples involving large elastoplastic strains and ductile fracture. Results confirm that the present formulation is capable of reproducing fracture initiation and evolution, as well as necking instability. Convergence analysis is also performed to evaluate the effect of mesh refinement on the mechanical response. In addition, it is demonstrated that the nonlocal parameter alleviates damage localization, providing smoother porosity fields.