bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Prevention of Tipburn on Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa L. var. pekinensis (Lour.) Olson) with Foliar Fertilizers and Biostimulators
Authors: Borkowski Jan , Dyki Barbara , Oskiera Michał , Machlańska Aleksandra , Felczyńska Anna 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Investigations were carried out in 2008-2010 on Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. var. pekinensis (Lour.) Olson). The main problem in cultivation of this vegetable is physiological disorder – tipburn. It is connected with low level of calcium in young leaves and with water deficiency. In 2008, seeds of Chinese cabbage were sown twice, in April and July. In July, the day temperature was high (25-30 °C) and relative air humidity was low (35-50%). In these conditions, the young leaves were injured heavily. Rotting was caused by the activity of bacteria Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Jones) Hauben et al. However, three times foliar application of 1.5% calcium nitrate or 1.5% Wapnovit significantly reduced the tipburn. Also spraying with 0.03% of Tytanit (containing ions of titanium) or with 2.5% of Biochikol 020 PC (containing chitosan) gave similar effect. In these conditions, application of 1.5% K-300 (containing potassium oxide and ammonium nitrate) exacerbated symptoms of tipburn. Application of Wapnovit or Tytanit reduced instantly rotting of heads contrary to the application of their mixture. In autumn cultivation, when the relative air humidity was 80-100%, spraying with 1.5% solution of K-300 significantly decreased injuries in comparison to control. Application of Wapnovit, K-300, Biochikol, Tytanit or the mixture of Biochikol and calcium nitrate eliminated rotting. In experiments done in the springs of 2009 and 2010, when weather conditions were less favorable for tipburn appearance, a severity of it was lower but application of K-300 increased it appearance. In these experiments, Biochikol and Wapnovit eliminated rotting of heads. The results of three years of study have shown that calcium nitrate, Wapnovit, Tytanit and Biochikol limited occurrence of tipburn and bacterial rotting of Chinese cabbage, but the weather conditions during cultivation had the greatest impact on the severity of tipburn.
Microencapsulation Technique with Organic Additives for Biocontrol Agents
Authors: Szczech Magdalena , Maciorowski Robert 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The aim of these studies was to develop an effective formulation for microbial strains active in plant protection. Emulsification technique in oil was used to produce alginate microcapsules supplemented with organic additives to improve production process and stability of the preparations during storage. The release of microorganisms from the capsules in soil and their effectiveness in biocontrol of Fusarium wilt were evaluated. Three bacterial strains Burkholderia cepacia strain CAT5, Bacillus spp. strains PZ9 and SZ61, and fungus Trichoderma virens TRS106 were immobilized separately in calcium alginate supplemented with chitosan, peat powder, or skim milk. The productivity of microcapsules was enhanced by 60% when peat was added to the alginate matrix. Peat reduced also contamination of the capsules during storage, significantly enhancing their quality. By contrast, the addition of skim milk reduced quality of the microcapsules. The additives did not influence the viability of entrapped microorganisms and their release in soil. The survival of the microbial cells was mainly related to the kind of microorganism used, and the highest viability showed Bacillus sp. PZ9 and Trichoderma TRS106. Lyophilization of the microcapsules appeared to be unfavorable by reducing microbial viability in the capsules and in the soil after application. The best properties: good storage ability and sufficient microbial release in the soil, exhibited wet microcapsules amended with peat. These capsules were used to control Fusarium wilt in tomato plants. The protective effect was obtained when the microcapsule-entrapped bacteria PZ9 were used. The effectiveness of this bacterium was comparable with fungicide. Peat-amended microcapsules entrapping Bacillus PZ9 showed the best quality and may have potential for commercial use.
The North African “Extremistan” of the Islamic State Caliphate
Authors: Basarabă Adrian Cosmin , Nistor Maria-Mihaela 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This article aims at presenting ISIS expansion in North Africa in the first quarter of 2016, with its subsequent implication in the wider framework of Jihadist proliferation worldwide. It can be argued that, while losing real estate in the Middle East, ISIS has started a permanent search for extra-cellular matrices or an ongoing process of de- and reterritorialization. The allegiance and support pledged by other African-based terrorist groups or organizations such as Boko Haram, al-I’tisam of the Koran and Sunnah in Sudan, al-Huda Battalion in Maghreb of Islam, The Soldiers of the Caliphate, al-Ghurabaa, Djamaat Houmat ad-Da’wa as-Salafiya and al-Ansar Battalion in Algeria, Islamic Youth Shura Council, Islamic State Libya (Darnah), in Libya, Jamaat Ansar Bait al-Maqdis, Jund al-Khilafah and Mujahideen Shura Council in the Environs of Jerusalem in Egypt, Okba Ibn Nafaa Battalion, Mujahideen of Tunisia of Kairouan and Jund al-Khilafah in Tunisia and al-Shabaab Jubba Region Cell Bashir Abu Numan in Somalia is an alarming hypothesis of Jihadism reaching “the threshold of inevitability”- syntagm existent in the network theories of David Singh Grewal- turning a whole region, continent of even world into what Nassim Nicholas Taleb would call Extremistan.
Considerations Concerning Possible Explanations of the European Multicultural Society Failure
Authors: Dinicu Anca , Constantin Daniel-Sorin 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The almost global democratization removed, among other things, the constraints on cooperation between the countries from all over the world. The collapse of ideological barriers has facilitated not only redesigning the states’ foreign policies on other foundations, but also a non-governmental expansion through the many possibilities offered by the free movement of persons, material and spiritual goods, capital and services. All these, enhanced by the boom of social communication networks, have influenced national companies, giving them a touch of transnationality translated by heterogeneity in relation to which national governments seem unable to resist. The permeability of borders, one of the features of globalization, also applies in this case of influence and cultural communion, of movement of people and ideas. This paper aims to address the issue of multiculturalism generated by the migration phenomenon not as a factor of social cohesion, but as one able to induce disorder and adversity against those who are different. The analytical approach is based on the empirical study of the current European context, which is under deep pressure as a result of the immigration „Tsunami” generated largely by the complex situation in the Middle East and North Africa. Therefore, the two possible initialization research questions might be:

are we confronting a single and big problem hanging over the entire geopolitical region mentioned above or is it necessary to focus on each national space separately and try to settle issues from a local-regional perspective by the international community together with the internal forces directly involved in conflict?

is there today a unified European view on multiculturalism applicable at national level? This is, in fact, the issue over which the analysis focuses.
Migrant Crisis and the Visegrád Group’s Policy
Authors: Ivanova Diana 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to present the policy of the countries of the Visegrád Group regarding the problem of migrants from the Near East and North Africa. The study is based on materials from the media and it reveals the position of the Visegrád Group, which differs from that of Brussels, because the four countries are against the introduction of quotas for migrants. The article states that according to them the priority of the common European policy on the issue should be the removal of the root causes of migrant crisis, first and foremost the termination of the war in Syria.
Analysis of Religious Extremism Threat in Bulgaria
Authors: Krastev Krastyu Ivanov 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The analysis of the religious extremism manifestation objectively reveals as independent the following variables E – Existence, C – Capabilities, I – Intentions and T – Targets. The essence of the proposed analytical model is the fact that if some of the mentioned variables is not presented it is practically impossible for religious extremism to manifest in the society and become violent. The paper describes an analytical model of religious manifestation model, based on some variables and results of research of religious extremist activities in Bulgaria.
Operation of Military Equipment and Utilization of New Pedagogical Approaches to Improve the Efficiency in the Educational Process
Authors: Mares Jaromir , Zajicek Vaclav , Camara Aly Hawa , Pochobradska Katerina 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The paper deals with the enhancement efficiency of pedagogical procedures of military equipment operation. The aim of the paper is to point out how there were created selected sequences of logistics processes implemented in the use and maintenance, including information support for available analytical tools. There were also redefined logistics processes to understand management functions and logistics processes. As a result of the research a software was developed, which by basic analogous methods and programming helps to develop the educational e-learning program. The program is applicable in the Moodle environment for the needs of students. The educational program aims at verifying the knowledge acquired in the area of operation and its objective is to support practicing principles and procedures. The program is based on a methodical practice of selected activities. It was created for practicing in the e-learning environment. The course has multifunctional purpose, especially to introduce to students selected processes logistical support. The course has to evaluate through interactive approaches, to verify theoretical and practical knowledge. It should help to teach the students how to work in logistics information system (ISL) environment and deepen their practical skills.
Internal Restrictions Concerning Freedom of Making Decisions by Officers in Polish Armed Forces
Authors: Redziak Zbigniew 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This article presents selected aspects of internal restrictions relating to officers’ making decisions at tactical level in the Land Forces of the Polish Armed Forces. It is dedicated to military practitioners and theoreticians who deal with command and control. The article includes the following kinds of decision-making restrictions: pressure from superiors, capital restrictions, time pressure, structural limitations and cultural restrictions.
New Features of the NATO Centres of Excellence in Support of the North-Atlantic Alliance Transformation
Authors: Simion Eduard , Kis Alexandru 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The number of NATO Centres of Excellence (COEs) has constantly increased, covering further disciplines of interest for NATO capability development. Meanwhile, the involvement of participating nations in COEs augmented, as a proof of the added value COEs bring not only to NATO, but to the involved nations - key stakeholders of these ventures – as well. The quantitative aspect of the NATO COEs network status is complemented by qualitative dimensions describing the current and projected work of the Centres. Their activity aims at top contribution within the four pillars their programs of work cover – doctrine development and standardization, concept development and experimentation, education and training, or lessons learned management. In this respect, this paper further investigates recent developments on the COEs network’s stage, where acquiring Quality Assurance seal and accreditation as Education and Training Facilities for NATO, or even more achieving the Department Head status for the disciplines they cover, is a real mark of excellence and an indicator of successful entrepreneurship.
Considerations about the Conceptualization of National Security in the European Union
Authors: Stănciulescu Robert , Beldiman Elvira 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The intrinsic links between national security and other types of security also results from the fact that the threats and challenges of the 21st century no longer address the national segment, but also the entire international community, which causes the occurence of security structures at all levels to manage the crises that arise at some point internationally. It is known that in terms of security, states usually adopt a mutual security and defense policy, using human, material, financial and information resources available to everyone in a collective manner. If NATO is a good and eloquent example in this sense, a viable solution against risks and security threats from a regional perspective appeared in the European Union, which has its own policy for security and defense able to integrate national security politicy the of Member States in that of the Union.
Caesar – The Revolutionary of Roman Military Affairs
Authors: Strechie Mădălina 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
In Romans’ view, Caius Julius Caesar was not only a writer, a politician, a triumvir, but also a visionary, a general, a founder and a revolutionary of military art and politics.
Through his wars, Caesar brought a new perspective as the creator of a true reform of political and military affairs. A brilliant mind, Caesar made of the military art a political platform, his political consecration being actually his military glory, the war with the Gauls. By inspired military manoeuvres and a well planned strategy, Caesar conquered the entire Gaul, a very large and resourceful territory. The conquest of Gaul gave Caesar the opportunity to conquer Rome, as the sole leader, with a new redoubtable political actor on his side, the army. Alea iacta est and the Rubicon was crossed by the founder of a new political and military power, the empire. The commander of the army, imperator, also becomes the political commander of the Republic, transformed by Caesar into an empire. By the civil war, Caesar accomplished the revolution of military and political affairs, changing the army from an institution of power into a political institution, a government partner of the supreme military leader who became Rome’s too, a fact carried out by his heir, Augustus. Caesar turned the war into a political affair, dominating his political and military opponents through ambition, consistency, intelligence, acumen, charisma, the qualities worthy of a world military leader.
Strategic Surprise–Determining Principle for the Modern Configuration of the Physiognomy and Dynamics of the Contemporary Military Art
Authors: Udeanu Gheorghe 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The analysis of the recent armed conflicts reveals the fact that for conferring the necessary conditions to the headquarters and subordinated troops so that they could act strictly according to the coordinates of the plan of the strategic offensive operation, throughout the whole period it is conducted, promoting the initiative [1] and freedom of action [2] becomes imperative, at all levels, by imprinting and maintaining the surprising [3] and ingenious character of the combat manoeuvers and procedures, ensuring the envisaged rhythm of advancement and trying to suppress all the attempts of counter manoeuver of the enemy. Consequently, the existence of the correlation surprise - strategic offensive operation can not be circumvented from the content of any plan of attack, as it constitutes the most important argument for its implementation and validation. So, no matter how obvious the superiority of the forces and means of the attacker are and whatever the context, it intends to act in a surprising manner to achieve the objectives with maximum efficiency and in the shortest time possible.
Integrating the Use of Online Social Networking Sites in the Communication Strategy of a Company
Authors: Fuciu Mircea , Dumitrescu Luigi 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The usage of online social networking sites has never been stronger for the individuals and for the companies. This paper is underlining the importance of using the online social networking (OSN) sites in the communication strategy of one’s company; it presents the concept and the evolution of this marketing tool. It points out the advantages and disadvantages of using such a platform in a marketing campaign. We are underlining the strengths and weaknesses of this tool, as well as the main tactics and actions that the company must use in order to achieve the desired / maximum result when using such a communication platform in its strategy. At the same time we are presenting several results of a quantitative marketing research about how the OSN sites influence the consumers and the buying behaviour.
Factors Affecting Project Management in the Public Sector
Authors: Nekvapilova Ivana , Pitas Jaromir 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Abiding by the principles and rules of project management in the public administration environment provides project managers with a range of pitfalls that can influence the success of the project. This fact has been proved by a number of analysed projects. The managers themselves claim that the most challenging problem from the perspective of project management and assessment of the project success is the field of leadership (the leading of the project team by a project manager). The authors of this article have therefore identified the most important factors for assessing the success of the project management of a team by a manager at various stages of the lifecycle of a project. Furthermore, both the direct and indirect impact of not respecting these factors in achieving the project objectives and in creation of job satisfaction within the project team have been presented in compliance with the data analysis of completed projects in the public sector and the authors’ own experience in dealing with projects in the public sector. The article offers approaches to mitigate some negative aspects regarding the principles and rules of project management according to recognized international standards. Although the article is primarily intended for project managers in the public administration environment, it can also provide some inspiration for fresh approaches to the field of leadership for project managers in the private sector. This article was written as a part of the project Development of Social Skills of a Soldier (LEADER_DZRO_K104), funded by institutional support, which is intended for the development of research organizations in the Ministry of Defence (DZRO K-104) funded from.
Human Reliability Using the Fault Tree Analysis. A Case Study of a Military Accident Investigation
Authors: Nicolae Florin , Cotorcea A. , Ristea Marian , Atodiresei Dinu 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The work integrates the human error term in the broader concept of human performance analysis. The main issues associated with human error and human reliability are highlighted step by step, resulting from the review of literature, from the perspective of the relationship between risk and safety. To assess the risks arising from human error and to reduce vulnerability of work, methods derived from the probabilistic assessment of the work safety systems are used. To identify the risks caused by the human error, the authors propose the Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) method. The paper reveals the way the method is used for identifying the critical subsystems for the functioning of a given system and analyzes how unwanted events and their causes arise and occur. Also, a case study that is investigated throuhg the FTA method and that consists in the analysis of an accident that occurred in Evangelos Florakis naval logistics base from Cyprus, is presented.
Evaluation of the Internal Management Control System - Major Objective in the Preparation and Achievement of the Public Internal Audit
Authors: Popa Ioan Gabriel , Pîrvuţ Valentin 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
In public entities, the management is required to ensure the achievement of all the entity’s objectives in an economic, efficient and effective manner, in compliance with the rules specific to the field, policy and management decisions, as well as the protection of goods and information, prevention and detection of fraud and error, quality of accounting documents and providing timely real and credible information. These objectives can only be achieved if a system of internal managerial control that includes all existing control forms, organizational structures, methods and procedures to ensure the management of funds available to public entities in an economic, efficient and effective way is implemented and developed at the level of the public entity. For at least once during a financial year, the internal management control system must be evaluated by comparing the obtained results with the proposed objectives, in order to identify the factors causing deviations from the baseline and to identify objective corrective or preventive measures to eliminate negative effects or deviations. In this context, it is considered that only public internal audit can carry out the assessment of the internal management control, as the audit, as an independent functional activity, can provide reasonable assurance through a systematic and methodical approach, aimed at improving the activities of the public entity, assisting it in fulfilling its aims.
The Role of Universities in the Knowledge based Society
Authors: Răulea Andreea Simina , Oprean Constantin , Ţîţu Mihail Aurel 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
As a concept, knowledge covers vast ground and has multiple meanings. In the present day, it is frequently encountered through the term ‘knowledge economy,’ which is usually used to refer to the importance of knowledge as a contemporary commodity. Public awareness of the importance of intellectual property in the information age is essential to the successful implementation and growth of the knowledge economy. Most people do not have a very clear idea about the role of intellectual property in encouraging creativity and the importance to our economic well-being. While it is necessary to increase public awareness in this area, it will not be easy. Intellectual property is typically perceived as being incomprehensible because just a little part of the people has education in this field. IP education means the skills and competences that young people can be expected to acquire in the classroom that enable them to become familiar with intellectual property, understand its potential to generate income and economic growth and lead them to respect IP rights. This paper will present the role that universities play in the development of the knowledge based economy and the need to have more educational programs in this field.