bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The development of single-domain VHH nanobodies that target the
Candida albicans
cell surface
Authors: Buda De Cesare Giuseppe , Sauer Frank M. , Kolecka Anna , Stavrou Aimilia A. , Verrips Theo C. , Boekhout Teun , Dolk Edward , Munro Carol A. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Candida albicans
causes life-threatening invasive infections that are hard to diagnose and treat, with drug resistance leading to treatment failure. The goal of this study was to develop VHH (single variable domain on a heavy chain) nanobodies to detect drug-resistant infections. Llamas were immunized with a mixture of heat killed and fixed
C. albicans
cells of different morphologies. Llama lymphocyte RNA was used to generate phage display libraries that were tested for binding to
C. albicans
cells or cell wall fractions, and single antibody domains were isolated. The libraries were panned against echinocandin-resistant
C. albicans
isolates and counter-selected against echinocandin-susceptible isolates with the aim of isolating binding domains specific for antigens on drug-resistant cells. Thirty diverse VHH nanobodies were selected, and binding characteristics were assessed via dose-response ELISA. Binding was tested against a variety of
C. albicans
isolates and other
Candida
species, indicating that the VHHs were specific for
C. albicans
. The VHH nanobodies were sorted into four distinct groups based on their binding patterns. Two of the groups bound preferentially to the yeast cell poles and hyphae, respectively. Nanobody binding to
C. albicans
deletion mutants was tested by fluorescence microscopy and ELISA to identify the antigen targets. VHH19 nanobody, belonging to the largest group, recognized the Als4 adhesin. VHH14 antibody in the hyphae-specific group recognized Als3. None of the isolated VHH nanobodies was selective for drug-resistant clinical isolates. Our data indicate that this approach can generate valuable single-domain antibodies specific to
C. albicans
proteins.

IMPORTANCE

The human fungal pathogen
Candida albicans
causes a range of diseases from superficial mucosal infections such as oral and vaginal thrush to life-threatening, systemic infections. Accurate and rapid diagnosis of these infections remains challenging, and currently, there are no rapid ways to diagnose drug-resistant infections without performing drug susceptibility testing from blood culture, which can take several days. In this proof-of-concept study, we have generated a diverse set of single domain VHH antibodies (nanobodies) from llamas that recognize and bind specifically to
C. albicans
cell surface. The nanobodies were classified into four groups based on their binding patterns, for example, cell poles or hyphae. Specific nanobodies were verified as recognizing the important adhesin Als4 or the hyphae associated invasin Als3, respectively. The data validate the approach that small VHH antibody domains hold future promise for diagnostic applications and as probes to study the fungal cell surface.
Buckling contributes to both coseismic uplift and long-term fold growth in active fold-thrust belts
Authors: Huang Kai , Chen Kejie , Wu Lei , Shi Xuhua , Wei Guoguang , Zhang Junyong , Zhang Yongshu , Yao Qi , Xiao Ancheng , Lin Xiubin , Zhang Wei , Wen Guisen , Wang Bo , Li Yanming , Chen Hanlin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Understanding the interplay among fault slip, fold growth, and earthquakes is crucial for assessing earthquake risk and deciphering the relationship between long-term and short-term deformation in fold-thrust belts. While fault-related folding theories have dominated previous studies, the role of the buckling process—characterized by bed-parallel contraction—in seismicity and fold development has been underreported. Herein, we attempt to address this issue through an examination of the 28 March 2019 M5.0 Mangya earthquake in the Shizigou anticline, western Qaidam Basin (northern Tibetan Plateau), based on 3-D seismic imaging data, interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) analysis, and borehole loggings. We show that this earthquake was not caused by slip along known faults, but by interbed slip due to buckling in the limb of the anticline, demonstrating for the first time that buckling could result in moderate earthquakes. The buckling process not only leads to coseismic uplift deviating from the folding crest induced by slip on the underlying fault, but also modulates the long-term geometric growth of the Shizigou anticline. Our findings underscore the significance of the buckling process in contributing to short-term coseismic slip and long-term fold growth in active fold-thrust belts.
Supplemental Material: Genesis of high-grade lode gold shoot dominated by ore fluid overprinting during a ductile-brittle shear event
Authors: Fu Lebing , al. et 
Published: October 2024

<p>Supplemental Text S1: Analytical methods. Table S1: LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb ages of the Yunkai Group. Table S2: LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb ages of the Yunlougang Intrusion. Table S3: <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar analytical data of muscovite from Stage 1 mineralization. Table S4: LA-ICP-MS trace element composition of pyrite and pyrrhotite. Table S5: Sulfur, oxygen, and lead isotope data of the Hetai goldfield. Table S6: MC-LA-ICP-MS in situ sulfur isotope data for pyrite. Table S7: Sulfur isotope compilation for sulfides from the Hetai goldfield. Table S8: Oxygen isotope compilation for quartz and muscovite from the Hetai goldfield. Table S9: Pb isotope compilation for minerals and rocks from the Hetai goldfield. Table S10: Age compilation for gold mineralization and regional structural and magmatic events. </p>
Running is acceptable and efficacious in adults with non-specific chronic low back pain: the ASTEROID randomised controlled trial
Authors: Neason Christopher , Samanna Claire L , Tagliaferri Scott D , Belavý Daniel L , Bowe Steve J , Clarkson Matthew J , Craige Emma A , Gollan Romina , Main Luana C , Miller Clint T , Mitchell Ulrike H , Mundell Niamh L , Scott David , Tait Jamie L , Vincent Grace E , Owen Patrick J 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesRunning is one of the most accessible forms of exercise, yet its suitability for adults with chronic low back pain (LBP) is unknown. This study assessed the efficacy and acceptability of running in adults with chronic LBP.MethodsThis two-arm parallel (1:1) individually randomised controlled trial allocated 40 participants (mean (SD) age: 33 (6) years, female: 50%) with non-specific chronic LBP to a 12-week intervention or waitlist control. The intervention was a progressive run–walk interval programme comprising three 30-min sessions per week that were digitally delivered and remotely supported by an exercise physiologist. Efficacy outcomes were self-reported pain intensity (100-point visual analogue scale) and disability (Oswestry Disability Index). Acceptability outcomes were attrition, adherence and adverse events.ResultsAt 12-week follow-up, the intervention improved average pain intensity (mean net difference (95% CI): −15.30 (–25.33, –5.27) points, p=0.003), current pain intensity (−19.35 (–32.01, –6.69) points, p=0.003) and disability (−5.20 (–10.12, –0.24) points, P=0.038), compared with control. There was no attrition, and mean (SD) training adherence was 70% (20%; ie, 2.1 of 3 sessions per week). Nine non-serious adverse events deemed likely study-related were reported (lower limb injury/pain: n=7, syncope associated with an underlying condition: n=1, LBP: n=1).ConclusionsA run–walk programme was considered an acceptable intervention by the participants to improve the pain intensity and disability in individuals aged 18–45 years with non-specific chronic LBP when compared with the control. An individualised and conservative run–walk programme should be considered a suitable form of physical activity for adults with chronic LBP.Trial registration numberAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12622001276741. Registered on 29 September 2022.
Impact of postpartum physical activity on cardiometabolic health, breastfeeding, injury and infant growth and development: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jones Paris A T , Moolyk Amy , Ruchat Stephanie-May , Ali Muhammad Usman , Fleming Karen , Meyer Sarah , Sjwed Talia Noel , Wowdzia Jenna B , Maier Lauren , Mottola Michelle , Sivak Allison , Davenport Margie H 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between postpartum physical activity and maternal postnatal cardiometabolic health, breastfeeding, injury, and infant growth and development.DesignSystematic review with random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression.Data sourcesEight online databases were searched up until 12 January 2024.Eligibility criteriaStudies of all designs in all languages were eligible (except case studies and reviews) if they contained information on the population (postpartum people), intervention (frequency, intensity, duration, volume, or type of exercise, alone (‘exercise-only’) or in combination with other intervention components (eg, dietary; ‘exercise+co-intervention’), comparator (no or low volumes of physical activity), and outcomes: hypertension, diabetes, cardiometabolic risk factors (systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins, and triglycerides, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), glucose and insulin concentration), breastfeeding (breast milk quality and volume), infant growth (length and weight) and development, or postpartum injury.Results46 unique studies (n=8766 participants) from 20 countries were included. Moderate certainty of evidence showed exercise+co-interventions reduced the odds of developing diabetes by 28% (7 randomised controlled trials (RCTs), n=2496; OR 0.72 95% CI 0.54, 0.98, I212%), reduced SBP (10 RCTs, n=2753; mean difference (MD) −2.15 95% CI −3.89 to –0.40, I273%) and DBP (9 RCTs, n=2575; MD −1.38 95% CI −2.60 to –0.15, I266%) compared with controls. Infant growth and development, breast milk quality and quantity, and risk of injury were not different between exercise and control groups.ConclusionsPhysical activity improves cardiometabolic health without adversely impacting breast milk supply or quality, infant growth or maternal injury.
Suicide and self-injury-related emergency department visits and homelessness among adults 25–64 years old from 2016 to 2021 in the USA
Authors: Giannouchos Theodoros , Mehmood Gahssan , Yue Dahai 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundDespite pronounced increases in homelessness and mental health problems in the USA over the past decade, further exacerbated during the pandemic, and the higher prevalence of mental health conditions among individuals experiencing homelessness, no study has examined trends in self-injury-related ED visits by individuals experiencing homelessness using up-to-date nationwide data. To address this gap, we aimed to investigate the association of self-injury-related ED visits with homelessness and to examine trends in these ED visits by individuals experiencing homelessness.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective secondary data analysis using a nationally representative sample of ED visits by adults aged 25–64 years in the USA from the 2016–2021 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. We examined whether intentional self-injury-related ED visits and hospitalisations resulting from an ED visit were associated with homeless status using survey-weighted multivariable generalised linear regression models and whether trends in such visits changed over the study period.ResultsOur analysis covered 419.4 million ED visits from 2016 to 2021. Individuals experiencing homelessness constituted 1.8% (7.4 million) of ED visits. Overall, 1.8% of ED visits (7.7 million) were related to intentional self-injuries. Nearly 1 in every 10 ED visits (9.6%) by individuals experiencing homelessness were related to self-injuries, compared with 1.7% among housed counterparts (p<0.001). The adjusted incidence rate ratio for self-injury-related ED visits was 3.14 (95% CI 2.05 to 4.83) for individuals experiencing homelessness compared with housed individuals. Finally, individuals experiencing homelessness accounted for 12.0% and 11.7% of self-injury-related ED visits in 2020 and 2021, respectively (pandemic years), compared with an average of 8.4% in the previous years.ConclusionAmong adults aged 25–64 years, experiencing homelessness was significantly associated with self-injury-related ED visits, and an increase in the rate of such visits among individuals experiencing homelessness was observed during 2020 and 2021. Future studies should assess longer-term trends in these visits and explore interventions to address the societal, health and mental healthcare needs in order to improve the health outcomes of these marginalised individuals.
Air pollution and respiratory health in patients with COPD: should we focus on indoor or outdoor sources?
Authors: Evangelopoulos Dimitris , Zhang Hanbin , Chatzidiakou Lia , Walton Heather , Katsouyanni Klea , Jones Roderic L , Quint Jennifer K , Barratt Benjamin 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionWhile associations between ambient air pollution and respiratory health in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are well studied, little is known about individuals’ personal exposure to pollution and associated health effects by source.AimTo separate measured total personal exposure into indoor-generated and outdoor-generated pollution and use these improved metrics in health models for establishing more reliable associations with exacerbations and respiratory symptoms.MethodsWe enrolled a panel of 76 patients with COPD and continuously measured their personal exposure to particles and gaseous pollutants and location with portable monitors for 134 days on average. We collected daily health information related to respiratory symptoms through diary cards and peak expiratory flow (PEF). Mixed-effects models were applied to quantify the relationship between total, indoor-generated and outdoor-generated personal exposures to pollutants with exacerbation and symptoms occurrence and PEF.ResultsExposure to nitrogen dioxide from both indoor and outdoor sources was associated with exacerbations and respiratory symptoms. We observed an increase of 33% (22%–45%), 19% (12%–18%) and 12% (5%–20%) in the odds of exacerbation for an IQR increase in total, indoor-generated and outdoor-generated exposures. For carbon monoxide, health effects were mainly attributed to indoor-generated pollution. While no associations were observed for particulate matter2.5with COPD exacerbations, indoor-generated particles were associated with a significant decrease in PEF.ConclusionsIndoor-generated and outdoor-generated pollution can deteriorate COPD patients’ health. Policy-makers, physicians and patients with COPD should note the importance of decreasing exposure equally to both source types to decrease risk of exacerbation.
Evaluation of taper measurement schemes for modeling stem profiles: a case study of two conifer species
Authors: Zhang Zipeng , He Pei , Wang Junjie , Xin Shidong , Jiang Lichun 
Published: October 2024

Taper models have been widely used and treated as the primary means of calculating tree volume. However, constructing taper models is challenging in practice due to the high cost and time involved in measuring stem diameters. Therefore, we designed 20 new taper measurement schemes that increase the stem diameter measurement interval (diameter above breast height) by two to five times. The taper models were evaluated by predicting stem diameter, volume, and merchantable height of two conifer species ( Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica and Larix gmelinii) in Northeastern China. Results showed that the variable-exponent taper model of Kozak (2004) performed best for both species, while diameters can be measured every 2 m above 4 m. In addition, for both species, reducing the diameter measurement required for modeling by one-third to one-half does not increase the error in predicting the entire stem profile. This study will provide additional insights for collecting taper measurement data through traditional destructive sampling.
A first determination of the strong coupling $$\alpha _S$$ at approximate $$\textrm{N}^3$$LO order in a global PDF fit
Authors: Cridge T. , Harland-Lang L. A. , Thorne R. S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe present the first determination of the value of the strong coupling via a simultaneous global fit of the proton parton distribution functions (PDFs) at approximate $$\textrm{N}^3$$

N
3

LO (a$$\textrm{N}^3$$

N
3

LO) order in QCD. This makes use of the MSHT global PDF fitting framework, and in particular the recent theoretical advances t l;;mhat allow a PDF fit to now be performed at this order. The value of the strong coupling is found to be $$\alpha _{S}(M_Z^2)(\mathrm{aN^3LO}) = 0.1170 \pm 0.0016$$

α
S

(

M
Z
2

)

(

aN
3

LO

)

=
0.1170
±
0.0016

. This is in excellent agreement with the NNLO value of $$ \alpha _{S}(M_Z^2)(\textrm{NNLO}) = 0.1171 \pm 0.0014$$

α
S

(

M
Z
2

)

(
NNLO
)

=
0.1171
±
0.0014

, indicating that good perturbative convergence has been found. The resulting uncertainties, calculated using the MSHT dynamic tolerance procedure, are somewhat larger, but more accurate, at a$$\textrm{N}^3$$

N
3

LO, due to the missing higher order theoretical uncertainties that are included at this order, but not at NNLO. We in addition present a detailed breakdown of the individual dataset sensitivity to the value of the strong coupling, with special focus on the impact of fitting dijet rather than inclusive jet data. This choice is found to have a non-negligible impact, but with overall good consistency found, especially at a$$\textrm{N}^3$$

N
3

LO.
Release note: VBFNLO 3.0
Authors: Baglio Julien , Campanario Francisco , Chen Tinghua , Dietrich-Siebert Heiko , Figy Terrance , Kerner Matthias , Kubocz Michael , Le Duc Ninh , Löschner Maximilian , Plätzer Simon , Rauch Michael , Rosario Ivan , Roth Robin , Zeppenfeld Dieter 
Published: October 2024

AbstractVbfnlo is a flexible parton level Monte Carlo program for the simulation of vector boson fusion (VBF), QCD-induced single and double vector boson production plus two jets, and double and triple vector boson production (plus jet) in hadronic collisions at next-to-leading order (NLO) in the strong coupling constant, as well as Higgs boson plus two and three jet production via gluon fusion at the one-loop level. For the new version – Version 3.0 – several major enhancements have been included. An interface according to the Binoth Les Houches Accord (BLHA) has been added for all VBF and di/tri-boson processes including fully leptonic decays. For all dimension-8 operators affecting vector boson scattering (VBS) processes, a modified T-matrix unitarization procedure has been implemented. Several new production processes have been added, namely the VBS $$Z\gamma jj$$

Z
γ
j
j

and $$\gamma \gamma jj$$

γ
γ
j
j

processes at NLO, $$\gamma \gamma jj $$

γ
γ
j
j

, WWj and ZZj production at NLO including the loop-induced gluon-fusion contributions and the gluon-fusion one-loop induced $$\varPhi jjj$$

Φ
j
j
j

($$\varPhi $$
Φ
is a CP-even or CP-odd scalar boson) process at LO, retaining the full top-mass dependence. Finally, the code has been parallelized using Openmpi.
Ginzburg–Landau approach to the Gross–Neveu model: success and failure
Authors: Choudhary Lalita , Ahmed Anees 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe phase diagram of the Gross–Neveu model in 1+1 dimensions is studied using Ginzburg–Landau expansion. It predicts several features of the exact phase diagram correctly even at low orders. It is shown that increasing the order of the expansion improves the accuracy of the crystal phase except for very small temperatures, where the expansion completely fails regardless of the order of the expansion. The source of this behaviour seems to be related to the Silver-Blaze phenomenon.
Finite distance effects on the Hellings–Downs curve in modified gravity
Authors: Domènech Guillem , Tsabodimos Apostolos 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThere is growing interest in the overlap reduction function in pulsar timing array observations as a probe of modified gravity. However, current approximations to the Hellings–Downs curve for subluminal gravitational wave propagation, say $$v<1$$

v
<
1

, diverge at small angular pulsar separation. In this paper, we find that the overlap reduction function for the $$v<1$$

v
<
1

case is sensitive to finite distance effects. First, we show that finite distance effects introduce an effective cut-off in the spherical harmonics decomposition at $$\ell \sim \sqrt{1-v^2} \, kL$$

ℓ
∼

1
-

v
2

k
L

, where $$\ell $$
ℓ
is the multipole number, k the wavenumber of the gravitational wave and L the distance to the pulsars. Then, we find that the overlap reduction function in the small angle limit approaches a value given by $$\pi kL\,v^2\,(1-v^2)^2$$

π
k
L

v
2

(
1
-

v
2

)

2

times a normalization factor, exactly matching the value for the autocorrelation recently derived. Although we focus on the $$v<1$$

v
<
1

case, our formulation is valid for any value of v.
2D-Generating Surfaces in a Quartic Hamiltonian System with Three Degrees of Freedom – II
Authors: Katsanikas Matthaios , Montoya Francisco Gonzalez , Wiggins Stephen 
Published: October 2024

In earlier research, we developed two techniques designed to expand the construction of a periodic orbit dividing surface for Hamiltonian systems with three or more degrees of freedom. Our methodology involved transforming a periodic orbit into a torus or cylinder, thereby elevating it to a higher-dimensional structure within the energy surface (refer to [ Katsanikas & Wiggins , 2021a , 2021b , 2023a , 2023b ]). Recently, we introduced two new methods for creating dividing surfaces, which do not rely on periodic orbits. Instead, we used 2D surfaces (geometric entities) or 3D surfaces in a Hamiltonian system with three degrees of freedom (see [ Katsanikas & Wiggins , 2024a , 2024b , 2024c ]). In these studies, we applied these surfaces within a quadratic normal-form Hamiltonian system with three degrees of freedom. This series of two papers (this paper and [ Katsanikas et al. , 2024 ]) extends our results to 2D-generating surfaces for quartic Hamiltonian systems with three degrees of freedom. This paper focuses on presenting the second method of constructing 2D-generating surfaces.
Effect of Heterojunction Dynamics on Electrochemical Properties of ZnS/MoS2 Type-II Nanocomposite for Photovoltaic Application
Authors: Shreya  , Phogat Peeyush , Jha Ranjana , Singh Sukhvir 
Published: October 2024

In the present work, ZnS/MoS2 nanocomposite has been synthesized by hydrothermal route. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed ZnS and MoS2 phases, showing the crystallite size of 19.5 and 9.25 nm from W-H and S-S plots, respectively. The lattice parameters of MoS2 and ZnS were found to be a = b = 3.79 Å, c = 12.4 Å and a = b = 3.2 Å, and c = 9.5 Å, respectively. The dislocation density, stacking fault and strain from W-H and S-S plots were found to be 4.1 × 10−4, 2.4 × 10−3, −1.2 × 10-3 and −2.4 × 10−2, respectively. The absorbance peaks of the nanocomposite were observed at 209, 246 and 320 nm revealing a band gap of 3.3 eV with refractive index of 2.32. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy imaging demonstrated ZnS nanoparticles over MoS2 sheets with an average particle size of 45.9 and 23.8 nm, respectively. In cyclic voltammetry analysis, pure ZnS and nanocomposite showed maximum oxidation current of 0.25 and 0.51 mA, respectively. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis revealed the presence of Warburg diffusion with a high exchange current density of 2.5 mA along with electrolyte’s and working electrode’s resistance to be 1000 Ω and 100 Ω, respectively. Charge transfer resistance, Warburg impedance, electrical double layer capacitance and film’s capacitance was found to be 10 Ω, 1000 Ω·s−1/2, 100 μF and 1 μF, respectively.