bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of self‐administered superficial local hot and cold application methods on pain, functional status and quality of life in primary knee osteoarthritis patients
Authors: Aciksoz Semra , Akyuz Aygul , Tunay Servet 
Published: September 2017

Aims and objectivesTo investigate the effect of the self‐administered superficial local hot and cold applications on pain, and the functional status and the quality of life in primary knee osteoarthritis patients.BackgroundSuperficial local hot and cold application is used as a nonpharmacological method for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. However, various guidelines for the management of knee osteoarthritis have conflicting recommendation for hot and cold therapy.DesignA randomised clinical trial design.MethodsThe sample consisted of patients (n = 96) who were diagnosed with primary knee osteoarthritis. During the application stage, patients were designated to the hot and cold application groups and administered hot and cold application twice a day for 3 weeks together with standard osteoarthritis treatment. The control group only used standard osteoarthritis treatment. The data were collected with a Descriptive Information Form, a Pain Scale, the WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index, the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) and a Patient Satisfaction Evaluation Form. Outcome measures included pain intensity, functional status and quality of life.ResultsWe found decreased primary measurement pain scores and improved functional status scores and quality of life scores after the application programme compared to the pre‐application stage in both the hot and cold application groups. Once the application was completed, the pain scores, functional status scores and quality‐of‐life scores on the second measurements were found to be still statistically lower than the pre‐application scores but higher than the first measurement ([p < .001, χ2 = 48.000; p < .001, χ2 = 34.000], [p < .001, χ2 = 22.000; p = .001 χ2=14.000] and [p = .005, χ2 = 16.000; p = .001, χ2 = 12.500]). There was no difference in the perceived pain, functional status and quality of life between the pre‐application, postapplication and 2 weeks postapplication periods of the individuals in three groups (p > .05).ConclusionIt was found that both hot and cold application resulted in a mild improvement in pain, functional status and quality of life, but this improvement was not sufficient to create a significant difference between the groups.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study contributes to the literature on hot and cold application methods as self‐management strategies for patients with knee osteoarthritis.
Intestinal Microbiota in Large Yellow Croaker, Larimichthys crocea, at Different Ages
Authors: Wei Na , Wang Chengcheng , Xiao Shijun , Huang Weiqing , Lin Mao , Yan Qingpi , Ma Ying 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR‐DGGE) of 16S ribosomal RNA gene was used to investigate bacterial communities in the intestines of large yellow croaker at six different ages (12 d, 18 d, 26 d, 40 d, 3 mo, and 1 yr old) as well as within the corresponding feed and culture water. In addition, Illumina Miseq sequencing was utilized to compare intestinal microbiota between 12‐d‐old and 1‐yr‐old individuals. PCR‐DGGE results revealed that the culture water had the highest bacterial diversity, followed by the feed, while the intestines had the lowest diversity. The intestinal microbiota at six ages changed severely; however, the change did not follow any trend. The large yellow croaker intestines harbored specific bacterial communities that differed from those in both feed and water. Illumina Miseq sequencing results revealed that the diversity of intestinal bacteria in 12‐d‐old fish was higher than that in 1‐yr‐old fish, and the bacterial composition differed significantly between them. γ‐Proteobacteria and Pseudoalteromonas supplied the most abundant phylum and genus in the 12‐d‐old fish intestine. However, in the 1‐yr‐old fish intestine, Firmicutes and Clostridium were the most dominant, respectively. The study may contribute to a better understanding of gut microbiota and dynamics of the large yellow croaker and the relationship with their surrounding environment.
Collaborative Innovation, New Technologies, and Work Redesign
Authors: Lindsay Colin , Findlay Patricia , McQuarrie Johanna , Bennie Marion , Corcoran Emma Dunlop , Van Der Meer Robert 
Published: September 2017

AbstractStakeholders agree on the need to promote innovation in work organization in public services. This article deploys the concept of collaborative innovation to discuss employees' and managers' experiences of a major technology‐driven work redesign project within National Health Service pharmacy services in Scotland. The authors draw on extant literature on New Public Management (NPM) and collaborative approaches to innovation to frame more than 40 in‐depth interviews with managers and employees. They find that key components of collaborative innovation—related to joint problem‐solving, interdisciplinary working, and mutual learning—were important to the success of the redesign project and had positive impacts on job quality for some employees. The authors argue that researchers and policy makers should look beyond NPM‐driven models that have dominated some areas of the public innovation literature to consider the potential added value of collaborative innovation to improving both work and service delivery in the public sector.
Were We Really All in it Together? The Distributional Effects of the 2010–15 UK Coalition Government's Tax‐benefit Policy Changes
Authors: De Agostini Paola , Hills John , Sutherland Holly 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis article examines the distributional impacts of changes to benefits, tax credits, pensions and direct taxes between the UK general elections of May 2010 and May 2015. The changes did not have a common effect on all household incomes; nor did the direct tax‐benefit changes contribute to deficit reduction. Effectively, reductions in benefits and tax credits financed part of the direct taxes cuts, but the overall net fiscal cost increased pressure for cuts in other public services and increases in other (more regressive) taxes. The main gains were in the upper middle of the income distribution, and the main losers were at the bottom and those close to, but not at, the very top. Across most of the distribution the changes were regressive. By comparing with other analyses of policy changes in the same period, we illustrate the importance of analytical choices and assumptions for detailed conclusions on their distributional effects. We also show how some groups were clear losers or gained little on average – including lone parent families, large families and families with younger children. Others were gainers, including two‐earner couples, and those in their fifties and early sixties. The findings show that a dominant feature of the period was that the combination of higher tax‐free income tax allowances, financed by cuts in benefits and tax credits, was generally regressive. As this combination also lies at the heart of the proposed policies of the Conservative government since 2015, we would expect these effects to be intensified in the coming years.
Red blood cell alloimmunization in neonates and children up to 3 years of age
Authors: Türkmen Tugce , Qiu Dan , Cooper Nina , Sachs Ulrich J. , Wößmann Wilhelm , Schranz Dietmar , Zimmer Klaus‐Peter , Ehrhardt Harald , Hackstein Holger , Bein Gregor 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUNDAn alloimmune response to red blood cell (RBC) transfusion in neonates is a rare event. Several guidelines recommend limited pretransfusion testing in neonates. The evidence for these recommendations is based on small studies with sample sizes of between 30 and 90 infants.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe conducted a retrospective cohort study among consecutive patients who received transfusions at a single university medical center. All non‐alloimmunized patients who had received their first RBC transfusion between 1994 and 2013 and who underwent at least one antibody screening follow‐up visit between 7 and 365 days after transfusion were included.RESULTSThe incidence of alloimmunization in the control group of 17,084 adult patients age 45 years or older who had received a median of 5 RBC units (interquartile range, 2‐12 RBC units) was 3.55% (n = 607 alloimmunized patients). After transfusion of 40 RBC units, the cumulative incidence of alloimmunization in adult controls was 10.24% (95% confidence interval, 7.71%‐13.17%). In total, 1641 neonates and children up to age 3 years received a median of 4 RBC units (interquartile range, 2‐7 RBC units) in a median of two RBC transfusion episodes (interquartile range, one to five RBC transfusion episodes). Two children developed anti‐M and anti‐E antibodies post‐transfusion at the ages of 181 and 611 days, respectively.CONCLUSIONTo our knowledge, this study presents the largest longitudinal cohort study of RBC alloimmunization in neonates. Antibodies against RBC antigens were not detected within the first 6 months of life. Repeat antibody screening and cross‐matching during the first months of life can be safely omitted.
A randomized multicenter study: safety and efficacy of mini‐pool intravenous immunoglobulin versus standard immunoglobulin in children aged 1‐18 years with immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Elalfy Mohsen , Reda Marwa , Elghamry Islam , Elalfy Omar , Meabed Mohamed , El‐Ekiaby Nada , El‐Hawy Mahmoud A. , Goubran Hadi , El‐Ekiaby Magdy 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUNDBecause there is a global shortage of intravenous immunoglobulin, there is a need for new products to fill the gap.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThis was a multicenter, open‐label study investigating the safety and efficacy of a newly developed mini‐pool intravenous immunoglobulin G for children with immune thrombocytopenia. Seventy‐two patients ages 1 to 18 years with newly diagnosed (<1 month) immune thrombocytopenia who had platelet counts from 5 to 20 × 109/L with no serious bleeding were recruited from four centers in Egypt. Eligible patients were randomized into three groups 1:1:1. Group A (n = 24) received blood group–specific mini‐pool intravenous immunoglobulin in a dose equivalent to immunoglobulin 1 g/kg over 6 to 8 hours, Group B (n = 24) received standard intravenous immunoglobulin (approximately 1g/kg) as a single dose, and Group C (n = 24) did not receive any platelet‐enhancing therapy. Parents signed informed consent.RESULTSOf the patients who received mini‐pool intravenous immunoglobulin, 14 achieved a complete response (CR) (58.8%), and four had a response (16.6%). Of the patients who received intravenous immunoglobulin G, 16 achieved a complete response (66.6%), and four had a response (16.6%). In Group C, eight patients achieved a complete response (33.3%), and four had a response (16.6%). The median time to response was 8, 9, and 21 days in Group A, B, and C, respectively, which was significantly higher in Group C than Groups A and B (p < 0.001). Patients in Groups A and B reported 16 adverse drug reactions.CONCLUSIONMini‐pool intravenous immunoglobulin G was well tolerated, presented no safety issues, and was effective in the treatment of immune thrombocytopenia, with efficacy comparable to that of the standard intravenous immunoglobulin G group, and it was significantly more effective than no treatment.
Cold platelets for trauma‐associated bleeding: regulatory approval, accreditation approval, and practice implementation—just the “tip of the iceberg”
Authors: Stubbs James R. , Tran Sheryl A. , Emery Richard L. , Hammel Scott A. , Haugen De Anna L. , Zielinski Martin D. , Zietlow Scott P. , Jenkins Donald 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUNDLaboratory and clinical evidence suggest that cold‐stored platelets (CS‐PLTs) might be preferable to room temperature platelets (RT‐PLTs) for active bleeding. Ease of prehospital use plus potential hemostatic superiority led our facility to pursue approval of CS‐PLTs for actively bleeding trauma patients.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSFrom November 18, 2013, through October 8, 2015, correspondence was exchanged between our facility, the AABB, and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). An initial AABB variance request was for 5‐day CS‐PLTs without agitation. The AABB deferred its decision pending FDA approval to use our platelet (PLT) bags for CS‐PLTs. On March 27, 2015, the FDA approved 3‐day CS‐PLTs without agitation. On October 8, 2015, the AABB approved 3‐day CS‐PLTs without agitation and without bacterial testing for actively bleeding trauma patients. Our facility's goal is to carry CS‐PLTs on air ambulances.RESULTSCS‐PLTs have been used for trauma patients at our facility since October 2015. As of August 2016, a total of 21 (19.1%) of 119 CS‐PLTs have been transfused. The short 3‐day storage period combined with the formation of clots in plasma‐rich CS‐PLTs during storage have been the major causes of a high (80.9%) discard rate.CONCLUSIONIn the future, pathogen‐reduced (PR), PLT additive solution (PAS) CS‐PLTs seem more practical due to low risks of bacterial contamination and storage‐related clotting. This should make longer storage of CS‐PLTs feasible (e.g., 10 days or more). With a longer shelf life, PR PAS CS‐PLTs could potentially be used in a wider range of patient populations.
Anthrax Vaccine Precipitated Induces Edema Toxin-Neutralizing, Edema Factor-Specific Antibodies in Human Recipients
Authors: Dumas Eric K. , Gross Timothy , Larabee Jason , Pate Lance , Cuthbertson Hannah , Charlton Sue , Hallis Bassam , Engler Renata J. M. , Collins Limone C. , Spooner Christina E. , Chen Hua , Ballard Jimmy , James Judith A. , Farris A. Darise 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Edema toxin (ET), composed of edema factor (EF) and protective antigen (PA), is a virulence factor of
Bacillus anthracis
that alters host immune cell function and contributes to anthrax disease. Anthrax vaccine precipitated (AVP) contains low but detectable levels of EF and can elicit EF-specific antibodies in human recipients of AVP. Active and passive vaccination of mice with EF can contribute to protection from challenge with
Bacillus anthracis
spores or ET. This study compared humoral responses to ET in recipients of AVP (
n
= 33) versus anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA;
n
= 66), matched for number of vaccinations and time postvaccination, and further determined whether EF antibodies elicited by AVP contribute to ET neutralization. AVP induced higher incidence (77.8%) and titer (229.8 ± 58.6) of EF antibodies than AVA (4.2% and 7.8 ± 8.3, respectively), reflecting the reported low but detectable presence of EF in AVP. In contrast, PA IgG levels and ET neutralization measured using a luciferase-based cyclic AMP reporter assay were robust and did not differ between the two vaccine groups. Multiple regression analysis failed to detect an independent contribution of EF antibodies to ET neutralization in AVP recipients; however, EF antibodies purified from AVP sera neutralized ET. Serum samples from at least half of EF IgG-positive AVP recipients bound to nine decapeptides located in EF domains II and III. Although PA antibodies are primarily responsible for ET neutralization in recipients of AVP, increased amounts of an EF component should be investigated for the capacity to enhance next-generation, PA-based vaccines.
Protective Vaccine Efficacy of the Complete Form of PPE39 Protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing/K Strain in Mice
Authors: Kim Ahreum , Hur Yun-Gyoung , Gu Sunwha , Cho Sang-Nae 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective efficacy of MTBK_24820, a complete form of PPE39 protein derived from a predominant Beijing/K strain of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
in South Korea. Mice were immunized with MTKB_24820,
M. bovis
Bacilli Calmette-Guérin (BCG), or adjuvant prior to a high-dosed Beijing/K strain aerosol infection. After 4 and 9 weeks, bacterial loads were determined and histopathologic and immunologic features in the lungs and spleens of the
M. tuberculosis
-infected mice were analyzed. Putative immunogenic T-cell epitopes were examined using synthetic overlapping peptides. Successful immunization of MTBK_24820 in mice was confirmed by increased IgG responses (
P
< 0.05) and recalled gamma interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6, and IL-17 responses (
P
< 0.05 or
P
< 0.01) to MTBK_24820. After challenge with the Beijing/K strain, an approximately 0.5 to 1.0 log
10
reduction in CFU in lungs and fewer lung inflammation lesions were observed in MTBK_24820-immunized mice compared to those for control mice. Moreover, MTBK_24820 immunization elicited significantly higher numbers of CD4
+
T cells producing protective cytokines, such as IFN-γ and IL-17, in lungs and spleens (
P
< 0.01) and CD4
+
multifunctional T cells producing IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and/or IL-17 (
P
< 0.01) than in control mice, suggesting protection comparable to that of BCG against the hypervirulent Beijing/K strain. The dominant immunogenic T-cell epitopes that induced IFN-γ production were at the N terminus (amino acids 85 to 102 and 217 to 234). Its vaccine potential, along with protective immune responses
in vivo
, may be informative for vaccine development, particularly in regions where the
M. tuberculosis
Beijing/K-strain is frequently isolated from TB patients.
Filling Knowledge Gaps for Mimivirus Entry, Uncoating, and Morphogenesis
Authors: Andrade Ana Cláudia dos Santos Pereira , Rodrigues Rodrigo Araújo Lima , Oliveira Graziele Pereira , Andrade Kétyllen Reis , Bonjardim Cláudio Antônio , La Scola Bernard , Kroon Erna Geessien , Abrahão Jônatas Santos 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Since the discovery of mimivirus, its unusual structural and genomic features have raised great interest in the study of its biology; however, many aspects concerning its replication cycle remain uncertain. In this study, extensive analyses of electron microscope images, as well as biological assay results, shed light on unclear points concerning the mimivirus replication cycle. We found that treatment with cytochalasin, a phagocytosis inhibitor, negatively impacted the incorporation of mimivirus particles by
Acanthamoeba castellanii
, causing a negative effect on viral growth in amoeba monolayers. Treatment of amoebas with bafilomicin significantly impacted mimivirus uncoating and replication. In conjunction with microscopic analyses, these data suggest that mimiviruses indeed depend on phagocytosis for entry into amoebas, and particle uncoating (and stargate opening) appears to be dependent on phagosome acidification. In-depth analyses of particle morphogenesis suggest that the mimivirus capsids are assembled from growing lamellar structures. Despite proposals from previous studies that genome acquisition occurs before the acquisition of fibrils, our results clearly demonstrate that the genome and fibrils can be acquired simultaneously. Our data suggest the existence of a specific area surrounding the core of the viral factory where particles acquire the surface fibrils. Furthermore, we reinforce the concept that defective particles can be formed even in the absence of virophages. Our work provides new information about unexplored steps in the life cycle of mimivirus.

IMPORTANCE
Investigating the viral life cycle is essential to a better understanding of virus biology. The combination of biological assays and microscopic images allows a clear view of the biological features of viruses. Since the discovery of mimivirus, many studies have been conducted to characterize its replication cycle, but many knowledge gaps remain to be filled. In this study, we conducted a new examination of the replication cycle of mimivirus and provide new evidence concerning some stages of the cycle which were previously unclear, mainly entry, uncoating, and morphogenesis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that atypical virion morphologies can occur even in the absence of virophages. Our results, along with previous data, allow us to present an ultimate model for the mimivirus replication cycle.
Characterization of a Replicating Mammalian Orthoreovirus with Tetracysteine-Tagged μNS for Live-Cell Visualization of Viral Factories
Authors: Bussiere Luke D. , Choudhury Promisree , Bellaire Bryan , Miller Cathy L. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTWithin infected host cells, mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) forms viral factories (VFs), which are sites of viral transcription, translation, assembly, and replication. The MRV nonstructural protein μNS comprises the structural matrix of VFs and is involved in recruiting other viral proteins to VF structures. Previous attempts have been made to visualize VF dynamics in live cells, but due to current limitations in recovery of replicating reoviruses carrying large fluorescent protein tags, researchers have been unable to directly assess VF dynamics from virus-produced μNS. We set out to develop a method to overcome this obstacle by utilizing the 6-amino-acid (CCPGCC) tetracysteine (TC) tag and FlAsH-EDT2 reagent. The TC tag was introduced into eight sites throughout μNS, and the capacity of the TC-μNS fusion proteins to form virus factory-like (VFL) structures and colocalize with virus proteins was characterized. Insertion of the TC tag interfered with recombinant virus rescue in six of the eight mutants, likely as a result of loss of VF formation or important virus protein interactions. However, two recombinant (r)TC-μNS viruses were rescued and VF formation, colocalization with associating virus proteins, and characterization of virus replication were subsequently examined. Furthermore, the rTC-μNS viruses were utilized to infect cells and examine VF dynamics using live-cell microscopy. These experiments demonstrate active VF movement with fusion events as well as transient interactions between individual VFs and demonstrate the importance of microtubule stability for VF fusion during MRV infection. This work provides important groundwork for future in-depth studies of VF dynamics and host cell interactions.IMPORTANCEMRV has historically been used as a model to study the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)Reoviridaefamily, the members of which infect and cause disease in humans, animals, and plants. During infection, MRV forms VFs that play a critical role in virus infection but remain to be fully characterized. To study VFs, researchers have focused on visualizing the nonstructural protein μNS, which forms the VF matrix. This work provides the first evidence of recovery of replicating reoviruses in which VFs can be labeled in live cells via introduction of a TC tag into the μNS open reading frame. Characterization of each recombinant reovirus sheds light on μNS interactions with viral proteins. Moreover, utilizing the TC-labeling FlAsH-EDT2 biarsenical reagent to visualize VFs, evidence is provided of dynamic VF movement and interactions at least partially dependent on intact microtubules.