bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of results of primary cementless total hip arthroplasty in osteoarthritis
Authors: Bashir Arshad , Manan Qazi , Shah Faisal Younis , Khan Hayat Ahmad , Wani Mohammad Iqbal , Tantray Mehrajud Din , Rashid Shakir 
Published: January 2017

Background: Total hip arthroplasty involves removal of diseased bone and soft tissue from both femoral and acetabular side and replacing it with mechanical components. It is one of the most successful surgical procedures. It relieves pain and functional disability experienced by patients with moderate to severe osteoarthritis of the hip, improving their quality of life. The success of THA is its ability to relieve the pain, while maintaining both mobility and stability of the joint. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of primary cementless total hip arthroplasty in patients with hip osteoarthritis.Methods: This study was done in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Thirty patients with hip osteoarthritis who were treated with cementless total hip arthroplasty were included in the study. This was a prospective study with a minimum of 12 months follow up (maximum of 25 months). The patients’ pre-operative and post-operative pain and functional status was compared using Harris hip score.Results: Excellent or good pain relief and function was obtained in 83.33% of cases. The mean total pre-operative Harris Hip Score was 32.93 which improved to 88.967 post-operatively. There was a statistically significant improvement in all parameters except absence of deformity. The most common complication was persistent anterior thigh pain that occurred in two patients.Conclusions: Our study suggests that the current generation of cementless implants provide satisfactory clinical and radiographic outcomes. Though the study was not free of complications, the overall clinical and radiological outcome showed encouraging results.
C-reactive protein: an early predictor of sepsis in patients with thermal burns
Authors: John Joby , Chisthi Meer M. , Kuttanchettiyar Krishnakumar G. 
Published: January 2017

Background: Due to the high mortality rate of established sepsis in patients with burn injuries, it would be beneficial if the onset can be predicted before it is fully established. The objective of the study was to estimate the predictive value of C-reactive protein in thermal burns patients. The secondary objective was to determine how much earlier CRP level allowed the prediction of sepsis in these patients.Methods: This was a case-control study, conducted prospectively on 60 human patients admitted with thermal burns. Cases were those who developed sepsis following burns and the controls were burns patients without sepsis. All patients underwent serial estimation of C-reactive protein values on alternative days, along with other blood parameters. From the data, the predictive value of C-reactive protein in sepsis was analysed.Results: A significant higher value of C-reactive protein was found in septic patients. Rise in serum C-reactive protein level predicted sepsis with an efficacy of 87%, while the sensitivity was found to be 93% and the specificity was 80%, with a significant odds ratio of 56. Also a pre-defined rise in C-reactive protein predicted the onset of sepsis about 2 days before the clinical onset.Conclusions: C-reactive protein is a useful indicator for sepsis in burns patients. In combination with clinical sepsis markers, C-reactive protein can be used to initiate intensive monitoring and appropriate antibiotic therapy.
A randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of mastectomy flap quilting sutures in reducing post modified radical mastectomy seroma formation
Authors: B. S. Madhu , Reddy M. Naveen Kumar , H. B. Shashi Kumar , Kalabairav Sangeetha , Reddy Abilash V. , Mallikarjunappa Subramanya S. 
Published: January 2017

Background: One of the most common complication post modified radical mastectomy is the formation of seroma. Seroma formation in-turn delays wound healing, increases susceptibility to infection, skin flap necrosis, persistent pain and thus prolongs convalescence. For this, several techniques have been tried and trialed to improve primary healing and decrease the formation of seroma.Methods: Between Aug 2014 and July 2016, 60 patients with carcinoma of the breast, posted for modified radical mastectomy at KR Hospital, Mysuru, Karnataka, India were randomly divided into 2 groups, the study group (30) and the control group (30). In the study group; the mastectomy flap quilting sutures were put between the flap and the pectoral fascia and muscle at different parts of the flap and at the flap edge with absorbable sutures (polyglactin 3-0). In the control group; the flaps were approximated by the conventional method at the edges. Closed suction drains were placed in both the groups. Patients, tumour characteristics and operative related factors were documented. The volume and colour of the fluid drained was recorded everyday. The drains were removed when the amount became less than 30 cc in a 24 hour period. The total volume and duration (number of days) of fluid drained and the complications were recorded and compared.Results: In the study group, the drain was removed much earlier when compared to the control group (p < 0.001). The total amount of fluid drained was much lower in the study group (p < 0.001). The study group showed a much lower frequency of seroma formation when compared to the control group.Conclusions: The mastectomy quilting suture technique is an effective procedure that considerably reduces the incidence of seroma formation in patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy.
The role of rebound tenderness in acute appendicitis and appendicular perforation
Authors: Lamture Yashwant R. , Gajbhiye Varsha P. 
Published: January 2017

Background: Acute appendicitis is the most common surgical emergency. Inspite of sophisticated new investigations mainstay of diagnosis depends on clinical sign and symptoms, rebound tenderness is very important sign with controversial views regarding it in available literature. Hence this study was undertaken to prove its efficacy of it related to rule out appendicular perforations.Methods: This study was conducted in 418 patients with 186 female and 251 male. Patients were of acute appendicitis operated for appendicectomy were included in the study. Data analysis was done by data statistic software.Results: The sensitivity and specificity of rebound tenderness to diagnose acute appendicitis is 65% and 73.6% respectively whereas the sensitivity and specificity of rebound tenderness to diagnose appendicular perforation was 94% and23.3% respectively with positive predictive value is 5 and negative predictive value is 99.Conclusions: Hence it indicates that rebound tenderness is very important to rule out complications like perforation or peritonitis and to support diagnosis of acute appendicitis. It has minimal significance to diagnose perforation of appendix as positive predictive value is less.
Profile and pattern of obstructive jaundice cases from a tertiary care teaching hospital of Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Gupta Ashok Kumar , Singh Abhishek , Goel Shwetank , Tank Rakesh 
Published: January 2017

Background: The common etiologies of obstructive jaundice have been reported to vary from one centre to another and from one individual to another. Only a very few studies have been conducted on this topic and none from the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. The present study was planned to study the profile and pattern of obstructive jaundice cases in the region of Madhya Pradesh, India.Methods: A retrospective cohort of patients with obstructive jaundice admitted to SRMS Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India during past one year i.e. January to December 2014 formed the study population. In this study, all the eligible patients positively diagnosed as extrahepatic obstructive jaundice were included in this study. Study tools were records of the patients such as information/records from MRD department and clinical case sheets.Results: Malignant causes (63.89%) were more frequent than benign causes (36.11%). More than 50% cases were in the age group of 55-75 years. Sex wise males outnumbered females. Among the malignant causes of obstructive jaundice, cancer head of pancreas (60.87%) and cholangiocarcinoma (17.39%) were common causes whereas among the benign causes of obstructive jaundice, choledocholithiasis (76.92%) and benign biliary strictures (15.38%) were common causes.Conclusions: Jaundice (91.67%), loss of appetite (77.78%) and pain abdomen (75%) were three most common modes of presentation of obstructive jaundice cases.
Comparison of intravenous induction with propofol to vital capacity breath induction with sevoflurane for insertion of laryngeal mask airway
Authors: Prakash Sugatha , J. Sreedevi 
Published: January 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The increasing emphasis on day care anaesthesia has led to the greater use of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) as an alternative to tracheal intubation for short procedure surgeries. Satisfactory insertion of LMA after induction of anaesthesia requires sufficient depth for suppression of airway reflexes. This study was performed to compare intravenous induction with Propofol to vital capacity breath induction with sevoflurane for LMA insertion<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> In this study 100 ASA 1 and ASA 2 patients aged between 20 and 40 years, undergoing short surgical procedures lasting 30 to 60 minutes, were included. The P group received Inj. Propofol 2.5 mg/kg IV whereas the S group received Sevoflurane 8% vital capacity breaths. After the loss of eyelash reflex, which was considered the end point of induction, the LMA insertion was attempted by an anaesthesiologist blinded to the induction technique. The data that was recorded was induction time with both the drugs, characteristics of LMA insertion, hemodynamic responses and complications if any. The number of attempts at insertion was also noted<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Induction time was 60.1±8.98 secs for propofol induction and 72.8±15.86 for sevoflurane vital capacity breath induction which was found statistically significant. The insertion conditions were found excellent in 88% in the propofol group and 90% in the sevoflurane group which was comparable. There was no statistically significant difference found in the time or characteristics of insertion between both the groups. No incidence of complications was found in both groups<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Induction with sevoflurane vital capacity breath inhalation compared equally with induction with intravenous propofol for LMA insertion in patients undergoing short surgical procedures.</p>
Morbidity among mine workers: a cross sectional study in Chitradurga, Karnataka, India
Authors: Rajashekar Somarouthu , Sharma Prajna 
Published: January 2017

Background: Workers represent half the world’s population and are the major contributors to economic and social development. Their health is determined not only by workplace hazards but also by social and individual actors and access to health services. Work-related morbidity and mortality result in suffering and hardship for worker as well as to his or her family. Thus occupational health of working people are crucial prerequisites for overall socioeconomic and sustainable development. The aims and objective were to assess the health status of the people working in mines and study their occupational hazards.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in three actively working mines of Chitradurga city for a period of one year. Complete enumeration method was used to include 493 mine workers. Results: Sesagoa mines were the biggest among the selected mines (69.5% workers). Majority belonged to the age group of 20-30 years with 37.5%, 69% workers were field workers. Around 76.3% workers were working since 1-5 years. 45.20% and 11% workers had undergone pre placement examination and periodic examination respectively. Personal Protective Equipments (P.P.E) were used by 90.50% workers. History of allergy was seen in 21.7% workers, while 11.2% workers reported history of vector borne diseases. Trouble smelling was found in 1.8% workers while 1.6% workers had trouble hearing.Conclusions: Health education on pre placement, periodic examination and use of PPE was found to be less which on itself can be the reason for morbidities among the mine workers hence efforts must be made to improve their knowledge regarding these.
A cross sectional study of epidemiological determinants correlated with prevalence of hypertension among municipal school teachers located in suburban area
Authors: Vyas Parth H. , Bhate Kamaxi , Bawa Mukesh , Pagar Vikrant , Kinge Amol 
Published: January 2017

Background: Hypertension is a major long-term health condition and is the leading cause of premature deaths among persons experiencing sedentary urban life style behaviors such as high calorie diet, lack of physical exercise and job stress. The objectives of the present study was to determine prevalence & various risk factors of hypertension among municipal school teachers in an urban slum. Methods:The study area was a field practice area of tertiary care hospital in a metropolitan city. Municipal school teachers from suburban slums were the study participants. Teachers above 35 years of age and want to participate in study were included. The total sample size obtained was 220.Results: 40% of the teachers were belonged to 35-40 years of age group. 70.9% of the study participants were women. Among 220 teachers 36.4% were having normal blood pressure. 43.6% teachers were in the pre- hypertension stage, while 14.5% and 5.5% were in stage- 1 and stage- 2 hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension was 20%. In present study it was found that as the age advances chances of contracting hypertension also increases [P=0.006]. Statistically significant relation between obesity and hypertension is seen [P=0.007]. There was a significant relation between physical activity and prevalence of hypertension [P = 0.021].Conclusions:Increasing age, obesity and sedentary lifestyle are proportionally related to the development of hypertension which was statistically significant.
Cleft lip/ palate and its relationship with socio-demographic factors in 0-15 years old children attending tertiary care centre, Nandyal, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: G Vijaya Vishnu , Pasha M. A. M. , Fathima Afsar , Gopichand Sumana 
Published: January 2017

Background: Cleft lip with or without (CL) cleft palate and cleft palate alone (CP) are a major public health problem. It is a common developmental and serious birth defects associated with genetic and or environmental factors affecting 1 in every 500 to 1000 births worldwide.Methods: Objectives is to know the prevalence of cleft lip/ palate in children attending Santhiram medical college – Nandyal. Study design is cross sectional study with study population 137 children. Study was conducted for a period of one year from August 2015 –July 2016. Each respondent were interviewed with pretested and semi structured questioner. The limitation of this study was the sample size. We also need to maintain an accurate database for cleft registrations; systematic record keeping is essential in this area.Results: 70% of children were in age group of 0-5 years, 13.3% belongs to 6-10 years age group and 16.7% belongs to 11-15 yrs. 64.2% are Boys and 35.8% are girls were effected. 2.1% of uncles and grandparents have similar complaints. 7.4% of parents and 3.7% of siblings has similar complaints. 33.3% has risk factor consanguineous marriage.Conclusions: Boys were more effected than girl children. 2.1% of uncle’s and grandparents has similar complaints. 7.4% of parents and 3.7% of siblings has similar complaints. Majority has risk factor as consanguineous marriage, followed by history of OCP intake, smoking in family, obesity of mother as risk factor and other siblings with similar complaints. Majority has defect on left side.
Barriers to sustained use of the insecticide treated bed net in the upper east region of Ghana
Authors: Diema Konlan Kennedy , Dodam Konlan Kennedy , Aarah-Bapuah Millicent , Asibi Abdulai Juliana 
Published: January 2017

Background: Barriers to sustainable use of the insecticide treated bed nets are responsible for the high incidence of malaria with a concomitant burden on the health delivery system in Ghana. The ITN has proven to be one of the most cost effective means of preventing malaria. This study identified the barriers to the sustainable use of the insecticide treated bed nets in the upper east region.Methods: This was a mixed cross sectional descriptive study that used data from household representatives and interviews with malaria control officers in three randomly selected districts of the region.Results: The study identified that apart from sleeping under the ITN and using it as window curtains and provision of warmth during cold weathers, the ITN is put in to other uses like nursing of seedlings, protecting chickens, fishing and fencing of animal pens. Major barriers to sustained use of the ITN included over complacency and the influence of male dominance. Cost of ITN, room shape and size, design of the ITN were identified as minor barriers to the use of the ITN. Conclusions: Health care practitioners, social environmental officers and preventive health care services providers should use behavior change communication methods in curtailing most of these barriers to the sustainable use of the ITN.
Study on awareness of e-waste management among medical students
Authors: Subhaprada Cynthia S. , P. Kalyani 
Published: January 2017

Background: Economic growth seen in the past 25 years with changes in Information Technology and the concurrent rapid electronic product obsolescence has generated massive amounts of electronic waste (or e-waste), creating a general waste management issue, due to the presence of many hazardous chemicals in electronic products, with a potential to severely compromise human health and environment. The purpose of this study is to describe awareness regarding the existence, hazards and management of e-waste among medical students and to measure effect of health educational intervention. Methods:An interventional cross-sectional study was carried out from May to June, 2016 among II MBBS students, Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh. A predesigned questionnaire was administered as pretest followed by health educational intervention session to 100 study subjects selected by simple random sampling and a post test two weeks later. Data was entered in MS Excel 2007 and analyzed. Chisquare test was applied and p value < 0.05 considered significant. Results: Out of 100 study subjects, 4 did not participate in the post test. So, a total of 96 questionnaires were considered for analysis. 56.25% of the students were males and 43.75% were females. Their main source of information regarding e-waste management was internet (30.2%) followed by family & friends (16.6%). There was a statistically significant gain in knowledge regarding e-waste management among the study subjects after the educational intervention at p<0.05. Conclusions:Health education to create awareness regarding the hazards and management of e-waste is the need of the hour to reduce, reuse and recycle e-waste.
Why are abortions the answer? Prevalence, knowledge and attitude towards induced abortions among women attending a secondary level health care facility in Tamil Nadu, Southern India
Authors: George Reenu Rajan , P. Devendraakhilesh , T. T. Iahmo , P. Varun Raj , Moray Kusum V. , Cherian Anne George , Prasad Jasmin Helan 
Published: January 2017

Background: In India, from 2010 to 2011, government statistics on family welfare recorded 620,472 abortions in government-approved institutions. On the downside, a study conducted by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) in rural areas, found that abortions by uncertified health care personnel/in unapproved institutions were twice as many as in the approved ones (13.5 v 6.1 per 1000 pregnancies).This could be attributed to low levels of modern contraceptive use, being only 48% in 2007-08 (DLHS-3). The aim was to assess prevalence, knowledge and attitude towards induced abortions among women who attend a secondary health center, in Tamil Nadu, IndiaMethods: The study was a hospital-based cross-sectional study, done in the Out-patient department of a secondary level health care facility in Vellore, in September 2015. The women attending the secondary level health care facility; who were then pregnant or just post-delivery and those who had greater than two years of inter-pregnancy interval; were eligible to be enrolled in the study.Results: Only 27 out of the 175 women (15.4%) used any form of contraception. We found a rate of 72.69 abortions per 1000 married woman years in our study. Out of the 175 women, 29 (16.5%), 95% CI (10.9%, 22.1%), reported to have had at least one induced abortion; the main reason was unwanted pregnancy 22 (75.86%). Most women 116 (66.3%) had poor knowledge and attitude on induced abortions.Conclusions: We conclude that contraceptive use should be strongly advocated to women for birth planning and prevention of unwanted pregnancy and subsequent induced abortions.
Barriers to latrine use for defecation among mothers of children less than 59 months
Authors: Daniel Sherin , Subramanian Jayaruban , Sharmine Emershia , Williams Roufi , Efraim Shweta , Abhishek Sunder , Nathan Mahesh , Gnanaraj Grana Pu Selvi , Prasad Talluri , Raj Gopal David 
Published: January 2017

Background: India has high concentration of its population who defecate outdoors or at least 620 million people who practice open defecation. This share has seen a slight decline in the past decade but with rapid population growth most Indians are being exposed to more human waste than ever before.Methods: This paper aims to study what is preventing the mothers of children 0-59 months in using latrine for defecation at all times through barrier analysis survey. It is a doer and non-doer study, a doer is defined as mothers of children 0-59 months of age who defecate in a latrine at all times and a non-doer are mothers of children 0-59 months of age who do not defecate in a latrine at all times.Results: Mothers who use latrine felt that having a latrine close to their residence or a private latrine makes it easy for them to use latrine every time for defecation. Clean environment was considered as an advantage among those who use latrine every time. They feel it is safer from harm if a latrine is used every time for defecation. Mothers who did not use a latrine felt very difficult to remember to use a latrine each time for defecation. Also those who do not use latrine feel that no toilet or a land to build one makes it difficult for them in making use of a latrine every time for defecation.Conclusions: The determinants studied will help in carefully addressing the barriers through targeted activities to encourage and promote the use of latrine. Action-oriented programs like community led total sanitation (CLTS) for overall behaviour change, help mothers to grow increasingly confident about the use of latrine and in overcoming the hurdles in using latrine at all times and also avoid relapse into open defecation.