bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between dietary pattern scores and the prevalence of colorectal adenoma considering population subgroups
Authors: Haslam Alyson , Wagner Robb Sara , Hébert James R. , Huang Hanwen , Ebell Mark H. 
Published: December 2017

AimThe purpose of the current study is to examine the dietary patterns in a diverse cohort of individuals and to see if the identified dietary patterns predict the prevalence of adenoma in a cross‐sectional study.MethodsFactor analysis was used to derive both sex‐ and population subgroup‐specific dietary patterns among participants in the screening arm of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Logistic regression was used to assess associations between identified factor scores and colorectal adenoma (CRA) in sex‐specific subgroups.ResultsThree diet patterns were observed in this cohort: ‘Fruits and vegetables’, ‘Western’ and ‘Sweet and salty’. Foods that loaded on each factor were similar between the racial subgroups. In men, being in the highest quintile of ‘Western’ dietary scores was associated with higher odds of any (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.21; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03–1.42), advanced (aOR = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.07–1.63) or multiple (>1; aOR = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.17–1.94) adenoma, compared to those in the lowest quintile. These results were most notably seen in Caucasian men. In women, having a ‘Fruits and vegetable’ score in the highest quintile was associated with lower odds of multiple adenoma (>1; aOR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.28–1.00).ConclusionsOf the three dietary factors, the ‘Western’ diet pattern was most strongly associated with prevalent CRA in Caucasian men. Further research is needed to examine the association between dietary factor scores and adenomas in the proximal colon, where there are larger racial disparities in prevalence.
The relative validity of a food record using the smartphone application MyFitnessPal
Authors: Teixeira Vitor , Voci Silvia M. , Mendes‐Netto Raquel S. , da Silva Danielle G. 
Published: December 2017

AimThe present study aimed to validate food records on the application MyFitnessPal (MFP), comparing them with paper‐based food records (P‐FR).MethodsThirty university students, including males and females, volunteered and recorded dietary intakes on P‐FR and MFP food records (MFP‐FR). The values of energy, macronutrients and fibre from MFP‐FR were compared with data from P‐FR, calculated using Brazilian food composition tables. Adjustments for in‐person variability and energy intake were performed, and comparisons were made between each data set, using the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, Spearman's correlation and Bland–Altman agreement plots.ResultsPositive moderate correlations between P‐FR and MFP‐FR for all variables, and non‐significant associations for energy and fibre were found. The Bland–Altman plots showed tendency to underestimation and relatively narrow limits of agreement. Carbohydrate and lipids show trends of increasing the degree of overestimation with increased intake, even after data normalisation.ConclusionsMFP tends to underestimate ingestion of nutrients probably due to inadequacies in the MFP database. However, MFP showed good relative validity, especially for energy and fibre. Its use, as well as other similar applications, should be encouraged, due to ease of assessing dietary information, although careful usage is recommended because of database gaps.
Global Governance in Practice
Authors: Pouliot Vincent , Thérien Jean‐Philippe 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe argue that a focus on practices can enrich the study of global governance by drawing attention to a wealth of informal processes and their politics. After explaining the usefulness of a practice approach, we examine four pervasive practices in contemporary world politics: hosting a global conference, accreditingNGOs, mandating a group of experts, and forming multistakeholder partnerships. For each of these established ‘ways of doing things,’ we provide a definition, decline its variations, and analyze its politics. Through our case studies, we show that global governance practices often generate competing social effects, by which inclusionary trends combine with more exclusionary tendencies. This common dialectic of inclusion and exclusion provides an analytical key to better understand the politics of global public policy making, including its power dynamics.
Senescence promotes in vivo reprogramming through p16INK4a and IL‐6
Authors: Mosteiro Lluc , Pantoja Cristina , de Martino Alba , Serrano Manuel 
Published: December 2017

SummaryCellular senescence is a damage response aimed to orchestrate tissue repair. We have recently reported that cellular senescence, through the paracrine release of interleukin‐6 (IL6) and other soluble factors, strongly favors cellular reprogramming by Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c‐Myc (OSKM) in nonsenescent cells. Indeed, activation of OSKM in mouse tissues triggers senescence in some cells and reprogramming in other cells, both processes occurring concomitantly and in close proximity. In this system, Ink4a/Arf‐null tissues cannot undergo senescence, fail to produce IL6, and cannot reprogram efficiently; whereas p53‐null tissues undergo extensive damage and senescence, produce high levels of IL6, and reprogram efficiently. Here, we have further explored the genetic determinants of in vivo reprogramming. We report that Ink4a, but not Arf, is necessary for OSKM‐induced senescence and, thereby, for the paracrine stimulation of reprogramming. However, in the absence of p53, IL6 production and reprogramming become independent of Ink4a, as revealed by the analysis of Ink4a/Arf/p53 deficient mice. In the case of the cell cycle inhibitor p21, its protein levels are highly elevated upon OSKM activation in a p53‐independent manner, and we show that p21‐null tissues present increased levels of senescence, IL6, and reprogramming. We also report that Il6‐mutant tissues are impaired in undergoing reprogramming, thus reinforcing the critical role of IL6 in reprogramming. Finally, young female mice present lower efficiency of in vivo reprogramming compared to male mice, and this gender difference disappears with aging, both observations being consistent with the known anti‐inflammatory effect of estrogens. The current findings regarding the interplay between senescence and reprogramming may conceivably apply to other contexts of tissue damage.
Mood disorders and prospective suicidality in young adults: a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Vieira D. C. , de Azevedo Cardoso T. , Mondin T. C. , Jansen K. , da Silva R. A. , de Mattos Souza L. D. , Kapczinski F. , Magalhães P. V. S. 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveTo assess the prospective associations of mood disorders and suicidality in a community sample of young adults from south Brazil.MethodProspective population‐based cohort study. Young adults (18–24 years old) were recruited and followed up on 5 years later; people were interviewed at their homes. Suicidality, as well as mood and anxiety disorders, was assessed using the Mini‐International Neuropsychiatric Interview. The impact of mood episodes on suicidality was both evaluated when they occurred in the same wave (a current episode) and when suicidality occurred prospectively, with suicidality measured at follow‐up (a past episode).ResultsThe sample included 1560 young adults at baseline, with 1244 reassessed at follow‐up (80.6%). Depressive episodes, both current and past, had a significant impact on suicidality in the final multivariable model. Manic episodes, however, were less consistently associated with suicidality.ConclusionDepressive episodes have a strong, independent, and robust association with prospective suicidality. The association between manic episodes and suicidality, on the other hand, was dependent on the analysis and deserves further exploration.
Direct and indirect effects of false safety behaviors on cannabis use and related problems
Authors: Buckner Julia D. , Zvolensky Michael J. , Businelle Michael S. , Gallagher Matthew W. 
Published: December 2017

Background and ObjectivesIn light of increasing rates of cannabis use and use‐related problems, efforts to understand malleable psychological vulnerability factors related to use and related problems remain important as they can inform prevention and treatment efforts. Recent data indicate that false safety behaviors (FSB; ie, behaviors that may be effective in decreasing anxiety in the short‐term, but can maintain and even exacerbate anxiety in the long‐term) are related to cannabis problem severity. Thus, an important next step is to identify factors implicated in the relation between FSB and cannabis use behavior. The current study tested whether FSB were uniquely related to cannabis use problems and high‐risk cannabis use motives. We also tested whether FSB were indirectly related to cannabis outcomes via high‐risk motives.MethodThe sample consisted of 349 current (69.6% female) cannabis‐using undergraduates who completed an online survey.ResultsFSB was robustly related to cannabis‐related problems and cannabis use motives (ie, coping and availability) after controlling for anxiety and cannabis use frequency. FSB was indirectly related to cannabis problems via coping and availability motives and to cannabis use frequency via coping motives.Discussion and ConclusionsResults add to a growing literature indicating that FSB are related to cannabis problem severity and extend this work by identifying mechanisms underlying this relationship.Scientific SignificanceData indicate that FSB may be an under recognized, yet clinically important, vulnerability factor related to cannabis use problems. (Am J Addict 2018;27:29–34)
Itching for answers: Prevalence and severity of pruritus in psoriasis
Authors: Dickison Philippa , Swain Grace , Peek Jonathan J , Smith Saxon D 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesPruritus is the most frequently reported complaint or symptom for psoriasis patients. Despite the morbidity associated with pruritus in psoriasis few studies have evaluated the prevalence of itch in psoriasis with the current use of biological agents.MethodThis was a multi‐site cross‐sectional observational study conducted in New South Wales, Australia. Psoriasis patients were approached during their outpatient clinic, phototherapy or private consultations. Data on psoriasis characteristics, severity and treatment were collected. The patients were then asked to complete a survey regarding the frequency, severity and aggravators of their psoriasis.ResultsData were collected from 179 patients with a mean age of 52.3 years, of whom 55% were male. Altogether 63 (35%) had a psoriasis area severity index (PASI) > 10, 42 (24%) were on biological agents and 84 (47%) were receiving phototherapy. The number of patients who reported itch all the time was 40 (22%), most of the time 48 (27%), and never 19 (11%). Patients with nail psoriasis were significantly less likely to have itch all or most of the time (P = 0.01). Itch all or most of the time was significantly more likely in patients with PASI > 10 (P = 0.013). No treatment was associated with reduced itch. Itch was reported to be most frequent in the winter season.ConclusionFew patients with psoriasis do not suffer from pruritus. Despite their promise, biological agents are not associated with reduced itch.
Mycosis fungoides occurring at the site of previous herpes zoster eruption
Authors: Huang Simo , Kim Esther J , Lewis Daniel J , Chan Warren H , Miranda Roberto N , Duvic Madeleine 
Published: December 2017

AbstractNumerous clinicopathological variants of mycosis fungoides have been described in the literature. Dermatomal or zosteriform mycosis fungoides is one reported variant but a clear aetiology has never been documented. We report a case of mycosis fungoides proved by biopsy and immunohistochemistry that developed in a 55‐year‐old man at the site of previous herpes zoster eruption. We also present a review of the relevant literature to add to the understanding of rare variants of mycosis fungoides and aid in the clinical recognition of zosteriform mycosis fungoides.
Sludge reflects intra‐amniotic inflammation with or without microorganisms
Authors: Yoneda Noriko , Yoneda Satoshi , Niimi Hideki , Ito Masami , Fukuta Kaori , Ueno Tomohiro , Ito Mika , Shiozaki Arihiro , Kigawa Mika , Kitajima Isao , Saito Shigeru 
Published: December 2017

ProblemTo investigate whether amniotic fluid (AF) “sludge” in patients with preterm labor (PTL) with intact membranes is related to intra‐amniotic infection or inflammation.Method of study105 PTL patients before 29 weeks’ gestation were enrolled. AF “sludge” was evaluated by transvaginal sonography. Microorganisms were identified in AF by our newly established PCR method using a eukaryote‐made thermostable DNA polymerase.ResultsAF “sludge” was present in 18.1% (19/105) of patients. The results obtained in the AF “sludge” group vs the no “sludge” group were as follows: (i) a similar positive rate of microorganisms in AF by PCR, 31.6% (6/19) vs 38.4% (33/86); (ii) a higher level of AF interleukin‐8, 15.2 (0.2‐381.5) ng/mL vs 5.8 (0.1‐413.7) ng/mL; P = .005); and (3) a higher frequency of histological chorioamnionitis, 52.6% (10/19) vs 23.3% (20/86); P = .010.ConclusionThe presence of AF “sludge” is related to intra‐amniotic inflammation with or without microorganisms.
Muscles of the trunk and pelvis are responsive to testosterone administration: data from testosterone dose–response study in young healthy men
Authors: Tapper J. , Arver S. , Pencina K. M. , Martling A. , Blomqvist L. , Buchli C. , Li Z. , Gagliano‐Jucá T. , Travison T. G. , Huang G. , Storer T. W. , Bhasin S. , Basaria S. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTestosterone dose‐dependently increases appendicular muscle mass. However, the effects of testosterone administration on the core muscles of the trunk and the pelvis have not been evaluated. The present study evaluated the effects of testosterone administration on truncal and pelvic muscles in a dose–response trial. Participants were young healthy men aged 18–50 years participating in the 5α‐Reductase (5aR) Trial. All participants received monthly injections of 7.5 mg leuprolide acetate to suppress endogenous testosterone production and weekly injections of 50, 125, 300, or 600 mg of testosterone enanthate and were randomized to receive either 2.5 mg dutasteride (5aR inhibitor) or placebo daily for 20 weeks. Muscles of the trunk and the pelvis were measured at baseline and the end of treatment using 1.5‐Tesla magnetic resonance imaging. The dose effect of testosterone on changes in the psoas major muscle area was the primary outcome; secondary outcomes included changes in paraspinal, abdominal, pelvic floor, ischiocavernosus, and obturator internus muscles. The association between changes in testosterone levels and muscle area was also assessed. Testosterone dose‐dependently increased areas of all truncal and pelvic muscles. The estimated change (95% confidence interval) of muscle area increase per 100 mg of testosterone enanthate dosage increase was 0.622 cm2 (0.394, 0.850) for psoas; 1.789 cm2 (1.317, 2.261) for paraspinal muscles, 2.530 cm2 (1.627, 3.434) for total abdominal muscles, 0.455 cm2 (0.233, 0.678) for obturator internus, and 0.082 cm2 (0.003, 0.045) for ischiocavernosus; the increase in these volumes was significantly associated with the changes in on‐treatment total and free serum testosterone concentrations. In conclusion, core muscles of the trunk and pelvis are responsive to testosterone administration. Future trials should evaluate the potential role of testosterone administration in frail men who are predisposed to falls and men with pelvic floor dysfunction.
Managing Traps and Pitfalls During Initial Steps of an ECMO Retrieval Program Using a Miniaturized Portable System: What Have We Learned From the First Two Years?
Authors: Sabashnikov Anton , Djordjevic Ilja , Deppe Antje‐Christin , Kuhn Elmar W. , Merkle Julia , Weber Carolyn , Sindhu Dirk , Eghbalzadeh Kaveh , Zeriouh Mohamed , Liakopoulos Oliver J. , Rahmanian Parwis B. , Kuhn‐Régnier Ferdinand , Choi Yeong‐Hoon , Madershahian Navid , Wahlers Thorsten 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to provide early and mid‐term results of the newly established extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) retrieval service in a tertiary cardiothoracic center using the miniaturized portable Cardiohelp System (Maquet, Rastatt, Germany). A particular attention was paid to organizational and logistic specifics as well as challenges and pitfalls associated with initial phase of the program. From January 2015 until January 2017 a heterogenic group of 28 consecutive patients underwent ECMO implantation in distant hospitals for acute cardiac, pulmonary or combined failure as a bridge‐to‐decision and were subsequently transported to our institution. Each cannulation was performed bedside on intensive care units (ICU) using the Seldinger's technique. Early outcomes and mid‐term overall survival with up to two‐year follow‐up along with the impact of ongoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on outcome were presented. Also, changes in hemodynamics and tissue perfusion factors 24 h after ECMO implantation were evaluated. ECMO implantations were performed in 15 distant departments with the median distance of 23(10;40) (maximum 60) km. A total of 15 patients (54%) were cannulated under CPR with the median duration of 30(20;110) (maximum 180) min. After 24 h of support there were significant improvements in SvO2 (P = 0.021), mean arterial pressure (P = 0.027), FiO2 (P = 0.001), lactate (P = 0.001), and pH (P < 0.001). The mean ECMO support duration was 96 ± 100 (maximum 384) hours, whereas 11 patients (40%) were weaned off support and discharged from hospital. Overall cumulative survival in patients without the need for CPR was 61.5% at one week and 38.5% at 1 month, 6 month, and 1 year, whereas patients requiring CPR survived in 40% at one week, and 33.3% at 1 month, 6 month, and 1 year (Log‐Rank (Mantel‐Cox) P = 0.374, Breslow (Generalized Wilcoxon) P = 0.162). Our initial experience shows that launching new ECMO retrieval programs in centers with sufficient ICU capacities and local ECMO experience can be feasible and associated with acceptable “real world” results despite the initial learning curve. Rapid logistical organization and team flexibility are the key points to ensure comparable survival of patients requiring prolonged CPR.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis found higher levels of behavioural problems in male left‐behind children aged 6–11 years
Authors: Qu Guang‐Bo , Wu Wei , Wang Ling‐Ling , Tang Xue , Sun Ye‐Huan , Li Jie , Wang Jun 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimLeft‐behind children (LBC) now account for more than 1 in 5 Chinese children, and they often suffer from behavioural problems when their parents leave their rural homes to seek work in urban areas. The primary aim of this meta‐analysis was to compare the incidence rates and factor scores of behavioural problems in LBC, who now account for more than one‐fifth of Chinese children, and non‐LBC.MethodsThis systematic review and meta‐analysis explored the children's characteristic behavioural problems using the Achenbach Child Behaviour Check List. A subgroup analysis was conducted to compare the different behavioural problems of LBC with different characteristics. The meta‐analysis assessed 1405 papers and analysed 13 papers from 2007 to 2015, covering 10 264 LBC and 8909 non‐LBC from 2 to 19 years of age.ResultsThe incidence rates of behavioural problems were higher in LBC than non‐LBC. The highest risks were noted in boys aged between 6 and 11 years of age, who were more likely to be withdrawn and be affected by somatic complaints, schizophreniform disorder, compulsive behaviour and depression.ConclusionInterventions and policies are urgently needed to tackle behavioural issues among LBC, especially high‐risk males aged 6–11 years.
Paediatricians’ expectations and perspectives regarding genetic testing for children with developmental disorders
Authors: Tremblay Isabelle , Laberge Anne‐Marie , Cousineau Dominique , Carmant Lionel , Rowan Anita , Janvier Annie 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimTo investigate paediatricians' expectations and perspectives of genetic testing for children with developmental disorders.MethodsPaediatricians working in a developmental clinic were surveyed each time they ordered a chromosomal microarray (CMA) for a child with developmental disorders. Clinical charts were reviewed. Results were analysed using mixed methodology.ResultsNinety‐seven % (73/76) of surveys were completed. Paediatricians reported that 36% of parents had difficulties understanding genetic testing and that 40% seemed anxious. The majority expected testing to have positive impacts on children/families. The themes raised were (i) clarifying the diagnosis (56%), (ii) understanding the aetiology of the condition (55%), (iii) enabling prenatal diagnosis/counselling (43%), (iv) improving medical care for the child (15%) and (v) decreasing parental guilt/anxiety (8%). Less than half anticipated negative impacts; 74% expected that the most helpful result for their patient would be an abnormal result explaining the disorder. Among the 73 children for whom CMA was ordered, 81% got tested: 66% of the results were normal, 19% were abnormal and contributed to explain the condition and 12% were abnormal but of unknown significance.ConclusionPaediatricians generally expect many positive and less negative impacts of genetic testing for children with developmental disorders. Parental perspectives are needed.
The Cumulative Daily Tolerance Levels of Potentially Toxic Excipients Ethanol and Propylene Glycol Are Commonly Exceeded in Neonates and Infants
Authors: Valeur Kristine Svinning , Hertel Steen Axel , Lundstrøm Kaare Engell , Holst Helle 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPolymedicated neonates and young infants may be at risk of harmful cumulative exposure to toxic excipients like ethanol, propylene glycol and benzyl alcohol during routine clinical care. The aim of this study was to calculate the cumulative daily alcohol exposure (mg/kg/day) in polymedicated neonates and infants and compare these levels to the tolerance limits found in guidelines published by European Medicines Agency (EMA). As part of the SEEN study, all medicinal products administered to neonates and infants were recorded. All included neonates received ≥2 medicinal products/day and infants ≥3 medicinal products/day. Daily excipient levels were calculated based on quantities obtained from manufacturers or databases. Excipient levels were compared to tolerance limits proposed by the EMA. Altogether, 470 neonates and 160 infants were included, recording 4207 prescriptions and 316 products. In total, 45% (n = 288) of patients were exposed to an alcohol of interest; 2% (n = 14) were exposed to benzyl alcohol (BA), 38% (n = 237) to ethanol and 23% (n = 146) to propylene glycol (PG). Of the total number of prescriptions involving ethanol‐containing medicinal products (n = 334), 51% would alone exceed tolerance limit of 6 mg/kg/day. Of the total number of prescriptions involving PG‐containing medicinal products (n = 174), 70% would alone exceed a maximum tolerance limit of 50 mg/kg/day. Maximal daily exposure to ethanol (1563 mg/kg/day) or PG (954 mg/kg/day) exceeded the tolerance limits recommended by EMA 260.5 and 19.1 times, respectively. Tolerance limits for ethanol and PG as proposed by the EMA are frequently exceeded in polymedicated neonates and infants due to the cumulative effect of these alcohols. Alternative formulations may minimize excipient exposure.