bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resultados de la citología cervicovaginal en población universitaria. Un estudio descriptivo
Authors: García Rueda Alexandra , Fajardo Peña María Teresa , Caballero Badillo María Claudia , Camargo-Figuera Fabio Alberto 
Published: April 2016

Objetivo: Caracterizar los resultados de las CCV (citología cervicovaginal) de estudiantes atendidas en los servicios de Bienestar Universitario de la Universidad Industrial de Santander UIS (Bucaramanga).<br /><br />Material y método: Estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal. Población: estudiantes de la UIS en el periodo comprendido entre julio de 2004 y julio de 2010. Tamaño de muestra 1543 universitarias. Para obtener la información se tuvo acceso al sistema de información de los servicios de salud de Bienestar Universitario-UIS correspondientes a los resultados de las CCV tomadas en el periodo mencionado, sistema del cual se obtuvieron las variables relacionadas con características sociodemográficas, resultados citológicos entre otras Fueron calculadas frecuencias absolutas y relativas para cada variable. Se calculó la prevalencia de anormalidad en la CCV, sus intervalos de confianza del 95%. Todos los análisis fueron realizados en Stata 12.<br /><br />Resultados: Conocimiento de las alteraciones en los resultados de las citologías: anormalidad: 33%; principal microorganismo cándida albicans: 13.7%, presencia de ASCUS:11%, VPH: 2.5%, cambios celulares reactivos:15.2%. El 43.9% inició sus relaciones sexuales entre los 17 y 18 años, y el 23.8% inició a los 16 o menos años, el 93% manifestó que el rango de compañeros sexuales está entre 0 y 1 y el 46% de las estudiantes utilizan métodos anticonceptivos, los más utilizados son los anovulatorios <br /><br />Conclusiones: Se hallaron más factores protectores que predisponentes para presentar alteraciones citológicas y cáncer de cérvix, pero los resultados de anormalidad son significativos en la población joven, que ameritan continuar el fortalecimiento de programas enfocados a la salud sexual y reproductiva.<br /><br /><strong></strong>
Instrumentos para evaluación del riesgo de caídas en los ancianos residentes en la comunidad
Authors: Sousa Luís Manuel Mota , Marques-Vieira Cristina Maria Alves , Caldevilla Maria Nilza Guimarães Nogueira de , Henriques Cristina Maria Alves Dias , Severino Sandy Silva Pedro , Caldeira Sílvia 
Published: April 2016

Las caídas y el riesgo de caer aumentan con la edad y con el grado de fragilidad asociado al envejecimiento, siendo este el motivo por el cual el riesgo de caídas es un fenómeno de interés para los enfermeros. En Portugal, la Dirección General de Salud recomienda la realización de pruebas de evaluación de la movilidad, la capacidad física y funcional.<br /><br />Objetivo: Identificar los instrumentos utilizados para evaluar el riesgo de caída en el anciano residente en la comunidad.<br /><br />Método: Revisión sistemática de la literatura, cumpliendo las recomendaciones del Joanna Briggs Institute a través de la utilización del método PICo y de las recomendaciones PRISMA. El método PICo ayudó a definir los criterios de inclusión: Muestra (P) - los ancianos; Área de Interés (I) - instrumentos y pruebas que permiten evaluar el riesgo de caídas, y Contexto (Co) - vivir en la comunidad. La consulta bibliográfica fue realizada a través de las bases de datos: EBSCOHost®, CINAHL Complete y MEDLINE Complete, y utilizando los términos; fall, community dwelling, fall risk factors y tools escale.<br /><br />Resultados: Fueron seleccionados 24 estudios, en los que se identificaron seis escalas que evaluaban el riesgo de caídas, tres el miedo de caer y siete que evaluaban factores de riesgo predictivos del riesgo de caída, en ancianos que residen en la comunidad.<br /><br />Conclusiones: Los resultados destacan el número de instrumentos disponibles y la importancia de la utilización práctica por parte de los enfermeros de instrumentos válidos, fidedignos y sensibles, de modo de obtener diagnósticos precisos<br /><br />
Calidad de vida profesional de enfermería en urgencias de un hospital de referencia
Authors: Fernández Araque Ana , Cuairan Sola Miriam , Curbelo Rodriguez Rafael 
Published: April 2016

<p>Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue medir la Calidad de Vida Profesional de los enfermeros en la unidad de urgencias de un hospital en su puesto de trabajo, a través de tres dimensiones: motivación intrínseca, apoyo directivo y cargas de trabajo. La mayoría de estudios sobre calidad de vida a nivel mundial se hacen principalmente en colectivos de enseñanza y también los profesionales de la salud, sufren desgaste profesional, según estudios diversos. Si queremos mejorar la calidad de los cuidados prestados, debemos empezar conociendo cómo percibe el profesional de Enfermería dicha calidad de vida, así como si existen o no factores que la condicionen.<br /><br />Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal con análisis correlacional. El presente estudió investigó la calidad de vida profesional de los enfermeros de una Unidad de Urgencias de un Hospital público español. Fue llevado a cabo entre Marzo y Mayo de 2014. Para ello se utilizó el “cuestionario CVP-35”.<br /><br />Resultados: La tasa de respuesta fue alta. Los enfermeros percibieron una baja calidad de vida profesional. La calidad de vida profesional se correlaciona con el Apoyo directivo y la Motivación intrínseca, aunque no se asocia con la Carga de Trabajo. La edad es la variable sociodemográfica que influye en cómo perciben su calidad de vida profesional los enfermeros de urgencias.<br /><br />Conclusión: En relación con otros estudios, si mejoramos el Apoyo directivo, la percepción de la calidad de vida profesional de los profesionales de enfermería que trabajan en urgencias aumentaría. <br /><br /></p>
Validation and Comparison of Different Statistical Models for the Prediction of Water Main Pipe Breaks in a Municipal Network in Québec, Canada
Authors: Duchesne Sophie , Toumbou Babacar , Villeneuve Jean-Pierre 
Published: April 2016

In this study, three models for the simulation of the number of breaks in a water main network are presented and compared: linear regression, the Weibull-Exponential-Exponential (WEE), and the Weibull-Exponential-Exponential-Exponential (WEEE) models. These models were calibrated using a database of recorded breaks in a real water main network of a municipality in the province of Québec, for the observation period 1976 to 1996, with the least squares and the maximum likelihood methods. The ability of these models to predict breaks over time was then evaluated by comparing the predicted number of breaks for the years 1997 to 2007 with the observed breaks in the network over the same time period. Results show that if the period of observation is short (around 20 years), calibration of the WEE and WEEE models with the maximum likelihood method leads to estimates that are closer to the observations than when these models are calibrated with the least squares method. When the observation period is longer (around 30 years), the predictions obtained with the models calibrated using the maximum likelihood or the least squares methods are similar. However, the use of the maximum likelihood method for calibration is only possible when data for the occurrence of each break for each pipe of the network are available (a pipe being a homogeneous network segment between two adjacent street junctions). If this is not the case, a trend line will be sufficient to predict the number of breaks over time, though this type of curve does not allow to account for pipe replacement scenarios. If the only information available is the total number of breaks on the network each year, then the impact of replacement scenarios could be simulated with the WEE and WEEE models calibrated using the least squares method.
Adoucissement des eaux souterraines de la région orientale du Sahara septentrional algérien : cas de la région de Biskra
Authors: Bouchahm Nora , Hecini Linda , Kherifi Wahida 
Published: April 2016

Dans la ville de Biskra, l’alimentation en eau potable des habitants et l’irrigation des cultures reposent sur l’exploitation des eaux souterraines des aquifères du Sahara Septentrional. L’un des enjeux majeurs pour la durabilité de l’utilisation de cette ressource est la qualité des eaux de certains aquifères (Phréatique et Miopliocène). Ces dernières sont fortement minéralisées (entre 2 et 3 g∙L‑1de sel dissous). Leur faciès chimique dominant est le sulfaté-chloruré avec un excès de chlorures, supérieur à la norme de l’Organisation mondiale de la Santé (OMS) de 250 mg∙L‑1. Afin de remédier à ce problème de salinité et dans le but de développer une technique d’adoucissement fiable et économiquement soutenable, nous avons dans ce travail expérimenté deux procédés d’adoucissement partiel, la coagulation-floculation au sulfate d’aluminium d’une part et la précipitation à la chaux éteinte Ca(OH)2d’autre part. Les principaux résultats confirment que l’élimination des ions chlorures est plus ou moins faible, pour les deux procédés testés et sont respectivement de 29,7 % et de 19,1 %. Nous avons également mis en évidence que le traitement des eaux à la chaux éteinte était plus efficace, les ions sulfates étant réduits à 73,3 %. Toutefois, ce procédé a augmenté le pH des eaux traitées, ce qui a nécessité en aval un ajustement de ce dernier. De même, la concentration en ions bicarbonates a diminué d'environ 85 % car l'emploi de la chaux agit non seulement sur les chlorures et les sulfates associés aux ions calcium et magnésium, mais aussi sur les bicarbonates. Ces essais ont également permis de justifier le choix de la méthode la plus adaptée techniquement et économiquement pour l’adoucissement des eaux de la région d’étude.
A Evangelium Vitae e Evangelii Gaudium: novos tempos
Authors: Quelho Tavares Cássia 
Published: April 2016

Vinte anos da Carta Encíclica Evangelium Vitae (EV): A Igreja vive um momento muito especial, de diálogo, reflexão e profetismo. Os temas relacionados à ética da vida ou “bioéticos” começam a ser mais bem discutidos. Este artigo apresenta alguns parágrafos da EV que estão mais centrados nas questões voltadas relacionadas à vida do ser humano nos dias atuais. João Paulo II, ao escrever sobre o valor e a inviolabilidade da vida humana, apresentou o Senhor, como o Evangelho da Vida e da Alegria. De forma recorrente insistiu sobre o valor da vida humana acima de qualquer interesse e princí- pio bioético que contrariasse o bem e a solidariedade. Denunciou estruturas desumanizantes, chamando-as de construtoras de “cultura de morte”, referindo-se às inúmeras formas de violação da pessoa impostas pela cultura contemporânea. Neste período celebrativo dos 20 anos, com uma sociedade que está em sofrimento, marcada por fortes mudanças, surge uma voz profética, o Papa Francisco com a Encíclica Evangelii Gaudium (EG) convidando-nos mais uma vez para refletirmos sobre a “dignidade da pessoa humana” e a responsabilidade que precisa ser assumida em todos os aspectos pela comunidade cristã. O Papa Francisco refere-se às novas formas de pobreza e fragilidade e chama à atenção para iniciativas que ressignifiquem da vida humana. A partir do olhar atento para esses dois importantes documentos refletiremos sobre a Bioética, Dignidade e Direitos Humanos; uma Educação para uma Cultura de Vida e com o Evangelho da Vida e da Alegria.
Nitride-MBE system for in situ synchrotron X-ray measurements
Authors: Sasaki Takuo , Ishikawa Fumitaro , Yamaguchi Tomohiro , Takahasi Masamitu 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
A molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) chamber dedicated to nitride growth was developed at the synchrotron radiation facility SPring-8. This chamber has two beryllium windows for incident and outgoing X-rays, and is directly connected to an X-ray diffractometer, enabling in situ synchrotron X-ray measurements during the nitride growth. Experimental results on initial growth dynamics in GaN/SiC, AlN/SiC, and InN/GaN heteroepitaxy were presented. We achieved high-speed and high-sensitivity reciprocal space mapping with a thickness resolution of atomic-layer scale. This in situ measurement using the high-brilliance synchrotron light source will be useful for evaluating structural variations in the initial growth stage of nitride semiconductors.
High-photosensitivity AlGaN-based UV heterostructure-field-effect-transistor-type photosensors
Authors: Yoshikawa Akira , Yamamoto Yuma , Murase Takuya , Iwaya Motoaki , Takeuchi Tetsuya , Kamiyama Satoshi , Akasaki Isamu 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We report the development of high-performance AlGaN/AlN heterostructure-field-effect-transistor-type (HFET) photosensors with a p-type GaN optical gate and detection wavelengths that are restricted to 220–280 nm. These photosensors employ a two-dimensional electron gas induced at the hetero-interface between Al0.6Ga0.4N and Al0.5Ga0.5N as a highly conductive channel. In addition, a p-type GaN optical gate is employed to deplete a channel. Consequently, we obtained a high photosensitivity of over 4 × 103 A/W and an externally low dark current density of approximately 5 × 10−10 A/mm at a source–drain voltage of 3 V. We also determined that the detection range of light wavelength in these HFET photosensors can be controlled by controlling the AlN molar fraction in the AlGaN channel layer. The results are very promising for the development of completely solar-blind high-performance photosensors with high photosensitivity.
Over 1 W record-peak-power operation of a 338 nm AlGaN multiple-quantum-well laser diode on a GaN substrate
Authors: Taketomi Hiroyuki , Aoki Yuta , Takagi Yasufumi , Sugiyama Atsushi , Kuwabara Masakazu , Yoshida Harumasa 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We have demonstrated the high-peak-power operation of an AlGaN-based ultraviolet laser diode (UV-LD) with a lasing wavelength of 338.6 nm. The UV-LD structure was fabricated on a bulk GaN(0001) substrate. The broad-area and vertical conductive structure of the UV-LD, whose ridge width and cavity length were 50 and 600 µm, respectively, was employed. The threshold current density and differential external quantum efficiency were estimated to be 38.9 kA/cm2 and 8.5%, respectively. The characteristic temperature of threshold current was estimated to be 119 K, and the temperature dependence of lasing wavelength was obtained to be 0.033 nm K−1. A peak power of over 1 W has been achieved in 338.6 nm under pulsed operation at room temperature, which is the highest peak power ever obtained for AlGaN-based UV-LDs.
Atom probe tomography of compositional fluctuation in GaInN layers
Authors: Kanitani Yuya , Tanaka Shinji , Tomiya Shigetaka , Ohkubo Tadakatsu , Hono Kazuhiro 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Thin Ga1−

x
In
x
N layers with various indium compositions x

were examined by high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography. Although nanoscale compositional fluctuation was observed in all Ga1−

x
In
x
N layers, no appreciable phase separation was observed. Since Ga1−

x
In
x
N layers were coherently grown on underlying GaN layers, it is considered that the elastic strain constrains phase separation in the Ga1−

x
In
x
N layers and that compositional fluctuations develop in order to minimize the local strain energy. The measured period of compositional fluctuations ranged from 3.4 to 4.9 nm and decreased with growth temperature (T
growth). This tendency is suggested to be dominated by the surface migration length of the adatom during the crystal growth.
A Comprehensive Comparison of Educational Growth within Four Different Developing Countries between 1990 and 2012
Authors: Shakiba Masoud , Ebrahim Nader Ale , Danaee Mahmoud , Bakhtiyari Kaveh , Sundararajan Elankovan 
Published: April 2016

Educational growth is a fundamental infrastructure factor required to achieve sustainable development. Therefore, evaluation and measurement of educational growth is essential for establishing a development road map. Because of this, there are many organizations and databases that work to capture academic trends and provide the general view of institute achievements. Web of Science and Scopus are the two most popular and scientific. In this paper, we define the important effective factors in educational growth and discuss them; we then compare these defined factors across four different developing countries: Brazil, Iran, Malaysia, and Turkey. As well as the comparisons, this paper uses the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient method to analyze the factors and the strong or weak relationship between the factors are discussed. Keywords: Educational growth; Developing countries; Publication; Impact factor; Web of Science; Scopus.
Injection of lightning‐produced NOx, water vapor, wildfire emissions, and stratospheric air to the UT/LS as observed from DC3 measurements
Authors: Huntrieser H. , Lichtenstern M. , Scheibe M. , Aufmhoff H. , Schlager H. , Pucik T. , Minikin A. , Weinzierl B. , Heimerl K. , Pollack I. B. , Peischl J. , Ryerson T. B. , Weinheimer A. J. , Honomichl S. , Ridley B. A. , Biggerstaff M. I. , Betten D. P. , Hair J. W. , Butler C. F. , Schwartz M. J. , Barth M. C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDuring the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) experiment in summer 2012, airborne measurements were performed in the anvil inflow/outflow of thunderstorms over the Central U.S. by three research aircraft. A general overview of Deutsches Zentrum für Luft‐ und Raumfahrt (DLR)‐Falcon in situ measurements (CO, O3, SO2, CH4, NO, NOx, and black carbon) is presented. In addition, a joint flight on 29 May 2012 in a convective line of isolated supercell storms over Oklahoma is described based on Falcon, National Science Foundation/National Center for Atmospheric Research Gulfstream‐V (NSF/NCAR‐GV), and NASA‐DC8 trace species in situ and lidar measurements. During DC3 some of the largest and most destructive wildfires in New Mexico and Colorado state's history were burning, which strongly influenced air quality in the DC3 thunderstorm inflow and outflow region. Lofted biomass burning (BB) plumes were frequently observed in the mid‐ and upper troposphere (UT) in the vicinity of deep convection. The impact of lightning‐produced NOx (LNOx) and BB emissions was analyzed on the basis of mean vertical profiles and tracer‐tracer correlations (CO‐NOx and O3‐NO). On a regular basis DC3 thunderstorms penetrated the tropopause and injected large amounts of LNOx into the lower stratosphere (LS). Inside convection, low O3 air (~80 nmol mol−1) from the lower troposphere was rapidly transported to the UT/LS region. Simultaneously, O3‐rich stratospheric air masses (~100–200 nmol mol−1) were present around and below the thunderstorm outflow and enhanced UT‐O3 mixing ratios significantly. A 10 year global climatology of H2O data from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder confirmed that the Central U.S. is a preferred region for convective injection into the LS.
Measurements of hydroxyl and hydroperoxy radicals during CalNex‐LA: Model comparisons and radical budgets
Authors: Griffith S. M. , Hansen R. F. , Dusanter S. , Michoud V. , Gilman J. B. , Kuster W. C. , Veres P. R. , Graus M. , de Gouw J. A. , Roberts J. , Young C. , Washenfelder R. , Brown S. S. , Thalman R. , Waxman E. , Volkamer R. , Tsai C. , Stutz J. , Flynn J. H. , Grossberg N. , Lefer B. , Alvarez S. L. , Rappenglueck B. , Mielke L. H. , Osthoff H. D. , Stevens P. S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMeasurements of hydroxyl (OH) and hydroperoxy (HO2*) radical concentrations were made at the Pasadena ground site during the CalNex‐LA 2010 campaign using the laser‐induced fluorescence‐fluorescence assay by gas expansion technique. The measured concentrations of OH and HO2* exhibited a distinct weekend effect, with higher radical concentrations observed on the weekends corresponding to lower levels of nitrogen oxides (NOx). The radical measurements were compared to results from a zero‐dimensional model using the Regional Atmospheric Chemical Mechanism‐2 constrained by NOx and other measured trace gases. The chemical model overpredicted measured OH concentrations during the weekends by a factor of approximately 1.4 ± 0.3 (1σ), but the agreement was better during the weekdays (ratio of 1.0 ± 0.2). Model predicted HO2* concentrations underpredicted by a factor of 1.3 ± 0.2 on the weekends, while measured weekday concentrations were underpredicted by a factor of 3.0 ± 0.5. However, increasing the modeled OH reactivity to match the measured total OH reactivity improved the overall agreement for both OH and HO2* on all days. A radical budget analysis suggests that photolysis of carbonyls and formaldehyde together accounted for approximately 40% of radical initiation with photolysis of nitrous acid accounting for 30% at the measurement height and ozone photolysis contributing less than 20%. An analysis of the ozone production sensitivity reveals that during the week, ozone production was limited by volatile organic compounds throughout the day during the campaign but NOx limited during the afternoon on the weekends.
Aerodynamic roughness of glacial ice surfaces derived from high‐resolution topographic data
Authors: Smith Mark W. , Quincey Duncan J. , Dixon Timothy , Bingham Robert G. , Carrivick Jonathan L. , Irvine‐Fynn Tristram D. L. , Rippin David M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper presents new methods of estimating the aerodynamic roughness (z0) of glacier ice directly from three‐dimensional point clouds and digital elevation models (DEMs), examines temporal variability of z0, and presents the first fully distributed map of z0 estimates across the ablation zone of an Arctic glacier. The aerodynamic roughness of glacier ice surfaces is an important component of energy balance models and meltwater runoff estimates through its influence on turbulent fluxes of latent and sensible heat. In a warming climate these fluxes are predicted to become more significant in contributing to overall melt volumes. Ice z0 is commonly estimated from measurements of ice surface microtopography, typically from topographic profiles taken perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction. Recent advances in surveying permit rapid acquisition of high‐resolution topographic data allowing revision of assumptions underlying conventional z0 measurement. Using Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry with Multi‐View Stereo (MVS) to survey ice surfaces with millimeter‐scale accuracy, z0 variation over 3 orders of magnitude was observed. Different surface types demonstrated different temporal trajectories in z0 through 3 days of intense melt. A glacier‐scale 2 m resolution DEM was obtained through terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), and subgrid roughness was significantly related to plot‐scale z0. Thus, we show for the first time that glacier‐scale TLS or SfM‐MVS surveys can characterize z0 variability over a glacier surface potentially leading to distributed representations of z0 in surface energy balance models.