bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allocation to clonal and sexual reproduction and its plasticity in Vallisneria spinulosa along a water‐depth gradient
Authors: Li Lei , Lan Zhichun , Chen Jiakuan , Song Zhiping 
Published: January 2018

AbstractVariations in water level profoundly affect functional stability of freshwater ecosystems, as well as macrophyte growth and reproduction. Although the trade‐off between allocation to clonal and sexual reproduction in clonal plants can be influenced by a variety of environmental factors, whether variations of reproductive allocation (RA) in response to different environments are driven only by a size‐dependent effect (apparent plasticity) or whether RA can also change independently of plant size (true plasticity) is uncertain. We conducted an experiment in nine outdoor mesocosms (6400 L) to investigate the response of clonal and sexual reproduction and vegetative growth of a perennial submerged macrophyte Vallisneria spinulosa at water depths of 50, 100, or 150 cm. We evaluated size‐dependent and size‐independent effects of water depth on sexual and clonal RA. Deep water reduced vegetative size and sexual output (mass of fruits produced), but increased tuber production of V. spinulosa. There was an apparent trade‐off between reproductive modes in terms of biomass investment; plants in deep water allocated more resources into clonal propagation and reduced investment in sexual reproduction compared to plants in shallow or intermediate water. Slopes of allometric relationships (sexual vs. vegetative biomass and clonal vs. vegetative biomass) were significantly affected by water depth. Shifts in sexual RA in response to varying water depths were largely size‐dependent, but there were also size‐independent effects. In contrast, size‐independent effects were more important than effects of size changes in determining clonal RA. We concluded that V. spinulosa adapted to a water‐depth gradient by plastic trade‐offs between clonal propagation and sexual reproduction. Furthermore, a size‐independent effect on RA suggests a flexible reproductive strategy that could be critical for plant performance in changing aquatic environments.
A salmonid individual‐based model as a proposed decision support tool for management of a large regulated river
Authors: Dudley Peter N. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLarge regulated rivers often require fisheries and water managers to make management decisions involving resident fish population dynamics that have many ecological drivers. Because of the large scale of the system and often competing interests and demands for water, there is a critical need for decision support tools (DSTs) that allow examination of alternative management scenarios while considering key ecological interactions. Spatially explicit individual‐based models (IBMs) can serve as effective DSTs by providing information on fish population dynamics while accounting for, and providing extensive, spatially explicit information on, the numerous ecological drivers. Spatially explicit IBMs are often difficult to implement owing to the numerous and often complex inputs the models require. Here, I demonstrate how a suite of free, graphical user interface equipped programs, along with three custom‐built and publicly available plugins, can streamline the modeling process and serve as a IBM‐based DST for fisheries management on large regulated rivers. The main program is a spatially explicit IBM of juvenile salmonid dynamics, inSALMO, with two other programs that generate the key input data in the required spatially explicit formats. I then use this proposed DST to simulate a Chinook salmon population on a portion of California's Sacramento River to determine whether an IBM‐based DST is appropriate to evaluate management impacts on a large regulated river. The Sacramento is a large river of major concern in California and is representative of many rivers in the United States and worldwide in that it is dammed, has a resident fish population, and is heavily used for water supply. The proposed DTS results compare favorably with the predictive power of a general additive model, while providing a much fuller and richer data set that could significantly aid and inform management decisions.
Mesophytic litter dampens flammability in fire‐excluded pyrophytic oak–hickory woodlands
Authors: Kreye Jesse K. , Varner J. Morgan , Hamby Gregory W. , Kane Jeffrey M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFire exclusion in eastern North AmericanQuercus–Caryawoodlands has resulted in overstory compositional changes, linked to altered fuel composition, structure, and ultimately, altered fire regimes. These compositional changes have been implicated in a dampening effect on fire behavior in formerly fire‐prone ecosystems, the positive feedback termed “mesophication.” Several proposed mechanisms are likely involved in this process; however, few have been examined. We evaluated the potential mechanism of dampened forest floor flammability through changes in litter composition in a southeastern U.S. oak–hickory forest undergoing mesophication. Laboratory drying and burning experiments revealed that increasing the relative contribution of litter from fire‐sensitive mesophytic tree species (Liquidambar styraciflua,Ulmus alata, andCornus florida) increased moisture retention and diminished litter flammability. Litterbeds composed of ≥66% mesophyte litter gained the most moisture following fuelbed saturation and were consistently wetter than pyrophyte litter following 12 and 24 h of drying. Flammability metrics decreased with increasing contribution of mesophyte litter with reductions most pronounced under more moist conditions. Under dry conditions, where litter moisture did not differ across compositional treatments, mesophyte litter was less flammable than fuelbeds that contained any pyrophyte litter. The combined effects of moisture retention and less flammable litter reveal an important synergistic impact that may result with increased dominance of fire‐sensitive mesophytic species. Restoration efforts in long‐unburned eastern hardwood forests may require altering stand composition to limit mesophytic litter input or developing burn prescriptions that intensify surface fire behavior in less flammable fuels.
Historical niche partitioning and long‐term trophic shifts in Laurentian Great Lakes deepwater coregonines
Authors: Blanke Chelsey , Chikaraishi Yoshito , Vander Zanden M. Jake 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOver the last 100 yr, anthropogenic stressors have decimated the assemblage of deepwater coregonines that once underpinned the food webs of the Laurentian Great Lakes. As a part of ongoing restoration efforts, fisheries managers are interested in reintroducing deepwater coregonines from remnant populations to reestablish historical food web connections. However, little is known about historical trophic position and niche partitioning among deepwater coregonines in the Great Lakes. We used nitrogen stable isotope analysis of amino acids to compare trophic position of museum‐preserved (1920s) and present‐day forage fishes in Lakes Michigan and Superior. In the 1920s, deepwater coregonines exhibited clear trophic niche partitioning, with trophic positions spanning a full trophic level. Additionally, species trophic positions were tightly conserved between lakes. In Lake Superior, trophic niche partitioning has been maintained over the last 100 yr, but trophic position has shifted downward by ~0.5 trophic level. The more dramatic species loss in Lake Michigan corresponds with a sharp reduction in trophic niche breadth over time. Our study reveals remarkable trophic niche breadth among deepwater coregonines prior to the major anthropogenic impacts on the Laurentian Great Lakes and provides a food web benchmark for restoring the historical trophic diversity of this iconic species flock.
Small genome separates native and invasive populations in an ecologically important cosmopolitan grass
Authors: Pyšek Petr , Skálová Hana , Čuda Jan , Guo Wen‐Yong , Suda Jan , Doležal Jan , Kauzál Ondřej , Lambertini Carla , Lučanová Magdalena , Mandáková Terezie , Moravcová Lenka , Pyšková Klára , Brix Hans , Meyerson Laura A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe literature suggests that small genomes promote invasion in plants, but little is known about the interaction of genome size with other traits or about the role of genome size during different phases of the invasion process. By intercontinental comparison of native and invasive populations of the common reedPhragmites australis, we revealed a distinct relationship between genome size and invasiveness at the intraspecific level. Monoploid genome size was the only significant variable that clearly separated the North American native plants from those of European origin. The mean Cx value (the amount of DNA in one chromosome set) for source European native populations was 0.490 ± 0.007 (mean ± SD), for North American invasive 0.506 ± 0.020, and for North American native 0.543 ± 0.021. Relative to native populations, the European populations that successfully invaded North America had a smaller genome that was associated with plant traits favoring invasiveness (long rhizomes, early emerging abundant shoots, resistance to aphid attack, and low C:N ratio). The knowledge that invasive populations within species can be identified based on genome size can be applied to screen potentially invasive populations ofPhragmitesin other parts of the world where they could grow in mixed stands with native plants, as well as to other plant species with intraspecific variation in invasion potential. Moreover, as small genomes are better equipped to respond to extreme environmental conditions such as drought, the mechanism reported here may represent an emerging driver for future invasions and range expansions.
Properties of ionic liquid mixtures of [NH2e‐mim][BF4] and [bmim][BF4] as absorbents for CO2 capture
Authors: Wang Mei , Rao Na , Wang Mingming , Cheng Qunpeng , Zhang Shunxi , Li Jianfen 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAlthough the use of ‘task‐specific’ amine‐functionalized imidazolium‐based ionic liquids (ILs) such as [NH2emim][BF4] and conventional imidazolium‐based ILs [bmim][BF4]), as absorbents for CO2 capture, possesses some unique advantages, they have a number of disadvantages when independently used for CO2 capture. This study examined a series of binary liquid mixtures of [NH2emim][BF4] and [bmim][BF4] for CO2 capture, exploiting the advantages and reducing the disadvantages of each of the components. The CO2 absorption performances of the mixtures were investigated as well as their physicochemical properties. Densities, viscosities, and surface tensions of the mixtures of varying molar fractions of [NH2e‐mim][BF4] (from 0.2–0.5 mol/mol) were experimentally measured over a temperature range of 298.0–343.0 K at a fixed pressure of 0.1 MPa. Thermal expansion coefficients, excess logarithmic viscosities, surface entropies, and surface enthalpies were calculated based on the experimental data. All the estimated physicochemical properties in a mixture with a mole fraction of [NH2e‐mim][BF4] of 0.4 had variation characteristics significantly different from those in mixtures with other mole fractions, which might be attributed to the large interaction between the two kinds of IL components and showed a positive effect on CO2 absorption and desorption. The above laws were consistent with those of the CO2 capture performances of the IL mixtures basically. An IL mixture containing 0.4 mol/mol [NH2e‐mim][BF4] and 0.6 mol/mol [bmim][BF4] would be an optimal CO2‐capturing absorbent. The findings in this study may enrich the database and provide a theoretical support for CO2 capture with IL mixtures. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ARTIST: A fully automated artifact rejection algorithm for single‐pulse TMS‐EEG data
Authors: Wu Wei , Keller Corey J. , Rogasch Nigel C. , Longwell Parker , Shpigel Emmanuel , Rolle Camarin E. , Etkin Amit 
Published: January 2018

AbstractConcurrent single‐pulse TMS‐EEG (spTMS‐EEG) is an emerging noninvasive tool for probing causal brain dynamics in humans. However, in addition to the common artifacts in standard EEG data, spTMS‐EEG data suffer from enormous stimulation‐induced artifacts, posing significant challenges to the extraction of neural information. Typically, neural signals are analyzed after a manual time‐intensive and often subjective process of artifact rejection. Here we describe a fully automated algorithm for spTMS‐EEG artifact rejection. A key step of this algorithm is to decompose the spTMS‐EEG data into statistically independent components (ICs), and then train a pattern classifier to automatically identify artifact components based on knowledge of the spatio‐temporal profile of both neural and artefactual activities. The autocleaned and hand‐cleaned data yield qualitatively similar group evoked potential waveforms. The algorithm achieves a 95% IC classification accuracy referenced to expert artifact rejection performance, and does so across a large number of spTMS‐EEG data sets (n = 90 stimulation sites), retains high accuracy across stimulation sites/subjects/populations/montages, and outperforms current automated algorithms. Moreover, the algorithm was superior to the artifact rejection performance of relatively novice individuals, who would be the likely users of spTMS‐EEG as the technique becomes more broadly disseminated. In summary, our algorithm provides an automated, fast, objective, and accurate method for cleaning spTMS‐EEG data, which can increase the utility of TMS‐EEG in both clinical and basic neuroscience settings.
Neuroanatomical correlates of grit: Growth mindset mediates the association between gray matter structure and trait grit in late adolescence
Authors: Wang Song , Dai Jing , Li Jingguang , Wang Xu , Chen Taolin , Yang Xun , He Manxi , Gong Qiyong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThere is a long‐standing interest in exploring the factors related to student achievement. As a newly explored personality trait, grit is defined as a person's tendency to pursue long‐term goals with continual perseverance and passion, and grit plays a critical role in student achievement. Increasing evidence has shown that growth mindset, the belief that one's basic abilities are malleable and can be developed through effort, is a potential factor for cultivating grit. However, less is known about the association between grit and the brain and the role of growth mindset in this association. Here, we utilized voxel‐based morphometry to examine the neuroanatomical correlates of grit in 231 healthy adolescent students by performing structural magnetic resonance imaging. The whole‐brain regression analyses revealed that the regional gray matter volume (rGMV) in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) negatively predicted grit. In contrast, the rGMV in the right putamen positively predicted grit. Furthermore, mediating analyses suggested that growth mindset served as a mediator in the association between left DLPFC volume and grit. Our results persisted even after controlling for the influences of self‐control and delayed gratification. Overall, our study presents novel evidence for the neuroanatomical basis of grit and highlights that growth mindset might play an essential role in cultivating a student's grit level.
Enhanced chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells over silk fibroin/chitosan‐chondroitin sulfate three dimensional scaffold in dynamic culture condition
Authors: Agrawal Parinita , Pramanik Krishna , Vishwanath Varshini , Biswas Amit , Bissoyi Akalabya , Patra Pradeep Kumar 
Published: January 2018

AbstractChondroitin sulfate (Ch) is one of the main structural components of cartilage tissue, therefore, its presence in tissue engineered scaffold is expected to enhance cartilage regeneration. Previously, silk fibroin/chitosan (SF/CS) blend was proven to be a potential biomaterial for tissue development. In this study, the effect of Ch on physicochemical and biological properties of SF/CS blend was investigated and scaffolds with 0.8 wt% Ch was found to be favorable. The scaffolds possess pore size of 37–212 µm, contact angle 46.2–50.3°, showed controlled swelling and biodegradation. The biocompatibility of scaffold was confirmed by subcutaneous implantation in mouse. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) seeded scaffolds cultured under spinner flask bioreactor promoted cell attachment, proliferation, distribution, and metabolic activity in vitro. The histology and immunofluorescence studies revealed that combined effect of Ch and dynamic condition resulted in higher glycosaminoglycan secretion and native cartilage type matrix synthesis in comparison to SF/CS scaffolds used as control. Higher expression of collagen‐II, Sox9, aggrecan and decrease in collagen‐I expression represented by quantitative polymerase chain reaction study confirmed the progression of chondrogenic differentiation. This study successfully demonstrates the potentiality of SF/CS‐Ch scaffold for hMSCs recruitment and redirecting cartilage tissue regeneration with enhanced chondrogenesis. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2576–2587, 2018.
Effects of Teriparatide Compared with Risedronate on the Risk of Fractures in Subgroups of Postmenopausal Women with Severe Osteoporosis: The VERO Trial
Authors: Geusens Piet , Marin Fernando , Kendler David L , Russo Luis A , Zerbini Cristiano AF , Minisola Salvatore , Body Jean Jacques , Lespessailles Eric , Greenspan Susan L , Bagur Alicia , Stepan Jan J , Lakatos Péter , Casado Enrique , Moericke Rüdiger , López-Romero Pedro , Fahrleitner-Pammer Astrid 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

The 2-year, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled fracture endpoint VERO study included postmenopausal women with established osteoporosis, who had at least 2 moderate or 1 severe baseline vertebral fractures (VFx), and bone mineral density (BMD) T-score ≤–1.5. Patients were treated with either s.c. daily teriparatide 20 μg or oral weekly risedronate 35 mg. As previously reported, the risk of new VFx and clinical fractures (a composite of clinical VFx and nonvertebral fragility fractures [NVFFx]) was statistically significantly reduced with teriparatide compared with risedronate. Here we present the prospectively planned subgroup analyses of fracture data across subgroups, which were predefined by the following baseline characteristics: age, number and severity of prevalent VFx, prevalent nonvertebral fractures (NVFx), glucocorticoid use, prior osteoporosis drugs, recent bisphosphonate use, clinical VFx in the year before study entry, and baseline BMD. Heterogeneity of the treatment effect on the primary endpoint (new VFx), and the four key secondary endpoints (including clinical fractures and NVFFx) were investigated by logistic and Cox proportional hazards regression models. A total of 1360 women were randomized and treated (680 per group). Mean age was 72.1 years, mean (SD) number of prevalent VFx was 2.7 (2.1), 55.4% had a BMD T-score &lt;–2.5, 36.5% had a recent clinical VFx, 28.3% had a prior major NVFx, 43.2% were osteoporosis drug-naïve, 39.3% were recent bisphosphonate users, and 9.3% were taking glucocorticoids at a prednisone-equivalent dose of &gt;5 mg/d. For most fracture endpoints, the risk reduction of teriparatide versus risedronate did not significantly differ in any of the subgroups analyzed (treatment-by-subgroup interaction p &gt; 0.1), with most subgroups mirroring results from the total study population. In conclusion, in postmenopausal women with severe osteoporosis, the antifracture efficacy of teriparatide compared with risedronate was consistent in a wide range of patient settings, including treatment-naïve and previously treated patients. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc.
Positive-Feedback Regulation of Subchondral H-Type Vessel Formation by Chondrocyte Promotes Osteoarthritis Development in Mice
Authors: Lu Jiansen , Zhang Haiyan , Cai Daozhang , Zeng Chun , Lai Pinglin , Shao Yan , Fang Hang , Li Delong , Ouyang Jiayao , Zhao Chang , Xie Denghui , Huang Bin , Yang Jian , Jiang Yu , Bai Xiaochun 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Vascular-invasion-mediated interactions between activated articular chondrocytes and subchondral bone are essential for osteoarthritis (OA) development. Here, we determined the role of nutrient sensing mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling in the crosstalk across the bone cartilage interface and its regulatory mechanisms. Then mice with chondrocyte-specific mTORC1 activation (Tsc1 CKO and Tsc1 CKOER) or inhibition (Raptor CKOER) and their littermate controls were subjected to OA induced by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) or not. DMM or Tsc1 CKO mice were treated with bevacizumab, a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A antibody that blocks angiogenesis. Articular cartilage degeneration was evaluated using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International score. Immunostaining and Western blotting were conducted to detect H-type vessels and protein levels in mice. Primary chondrocytes from mutant mice and ADTC5 cells were treated with interleukin-1β to investigate the role of chondrocyte mTORC1 in VEGF-A secretion and in vitro vascular formation. Clearly, H-type vessels were increased in subchondral bone in DMM-induced OA and aged mice. Cartilage mTORC1 activation stimulated VEGF-A production in articular chondrocyte and H-type vessel formation in subchondral bone. Chondrocyte mTORC1 promoted OA partially through formation of VEGF-A–stimulated subchondral H-type vessels. In particular, vascular-derived nutrients activated chondrocyte mTORC1, and stimulated chondrocyte activation and production of VEGF, resulting in further angiogenesis in subchondral bone. Thus a positive-feedback regulation of H-type vessel formation in subchondral bone by articular chondrocyte nutrient-sensing mTORC1 signaling is essential for the pathogenesis and progression of OA. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Jun, Gal, Cd74, and C1qb as potential indicator for neuropathic pain
Authors: Yang Ji‐An , He Jun‐Min , Lu Jing‐Min , Jie Li‐Jian 
Published: January 2018

AbstractNeuropathic pain is a kind of pain caused by primary or secondary impairment or dysfunction of peripheral or central nervous system. Patients with neuropathic pain were often with poor clinical outcome. We screened the differentially expressed genes between sciatic nerve injury and dorsal root ganglion gene in the sham operation model. Microarray and the spared nerve injury module were used to explore the molecular mechanism of neuropathic pain by injuries and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified out. Besides, the bioinformatics methods were used to figure out the signaling pathways and expression regulation pattern these DEGs were enriched in, which may provide a basis for the molecular research and medicine target of therapy. Besides, protein‐protein interaction network analysis was performed on these selected intersection genes. A total of 40 DEGs were screened out and only pctp gene was down‐regulated, the left 39 genes were all up‐regulated. Then, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed on these intersection genes by DAVID software. Furthermore, protein‐protein interaction network analysis was used to analyze the critical genes of neuropathic pain. Finally, four genes, that is, Jun, Gal, Cd74, and C1qb were identified to have strong interactions with other genes, which may function as the prognostic and predictive genes of neuropathic pain caused by peripheral injuries. Our results suggested that four differentially expressed genes, Jun, Gal, Cd74, and C1qb, had the potential to serve as prognostic or predictive markers for neuropathic pain, suggesting a potential application in the improvement of prognostic tools and treatments.