bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forschungsdesign
Authors: Kneifel Malte 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungDieses Kapitel beschreibt das Forschungsdesign, das auf Grundlage der in den vorhergehenden Kapiteln gewonnenen Erkenntnisse für die in dieser Arbeit durchzuführende Analyse geschaffen wurde, sowie das sich daraus ergebende Untersuchungsvorgehen.
Validierung subjektiver Beschwerden: Differenzialdiagnostik von „gesundem Leiden“ am Beispiel Müdigkeit
Authors: Linden Michael 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungSubjektive Klagen haben in der Medizin eine große Bedeutung bei der Diagnose und Schwerebeurteilung von Krankheiten, wie auch mit Blick auf die Therapiewahl und -steuerung. Es handelt sich um „Beschwerden“, die vom Patienten berichtet werden, für die es aber keine Objektivierungsmöglichkeit gibt. Sie unterliegen vielfältigen Verfälschungsmöglichkeiten und erfordern daher eine Beschwerdenpräzisierung und Beschwerdevalidierung. Beispiele sind Klagen über Schmerzen, Herzinsuffizienz, schlechte Stimmung oder Müdigkeit. Zudem ist zwischen „krankem“ und „gesundem Leiden“ zu unterscheiden, um eine Medikalisierung von Alltäglichkeiten und diagnostische und therapeutische Fehlschlüsse zu vermeiden. Es werden diagnostische Kriterien für „gesundes Leiden“ beschrieben, da diese Diagnostik eine wichtige Aufgabe in der Medizin ist. Dies wird in diesem Übersichtsartikel am Beispiel von Müdigkeitsklagen ausgeführt.
Aesthetic Surgical Treatment of Large Xanthelasma palpebrarum
Authors: Lin Yuan , Wu Liangliang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background

Xanthelasma palpebrarum (XP) is a common eyelid condition. Various treatment modalities exist, each with its own merits and drawbacks. Managing larger lesions poses increased challenges. This study aims to explore the aesthetic surgical management of large xanthelasma palpebrarum.

Methods
Patients with xanthelasma palpebrarum presenting to our department underwent partial excision of the lesion and debridement of the medullary nucleus under local anesthesia for lesions with a diameter of 6 mm or more. Microsurgical scissors were utilized to remove residual subcutaneous lesions. Postoperatively, tie-over bolster dressings were applied. Patients with lipid and glucose abnormalities received corresponding therapy. Bolster dressings were removed on the third postoperative day, with suture removal seven days later.

Results
All flaps subjected to subcutaneous medullary debridement exhibited complete viability, with minimal localized eyelid depression early postoperatively and inconspicuous scarring three months post-surgery. No instances of lid ectropion were observed. The eyelid maintained a natural appearance, with a low recurrence rate of xanthelasma palpebrarum.

Conclusion
Surgical intervention involving partial excision of the lesion and medullary nucleus debridement offers a satisfactory approach for managing large xanthelasma palpebrarum.

Level of Evidence IV
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Der Defizitausgleich nach dem geplanten Krankenhausversorgungsverbesserungsgesetz (KHVVG)
Authors: Kaeding Nadja 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungDas geplante Gesetz zur Verbesserung der Versorgungsqualität im Krankenhaus und zur Reform der
Vergütungsstrukturen (Krankenhausversorgungsverbesserungsgesetz – KHVVG) ist das Kernstück
der aktuellen Krankenhausreform, die den Krankenhausbetrieb vom ökonomischen Druck befreien und die
Gesundheitsversorgung strukturell verbessern soll. Der Beitrag befasst sich mit der Frage, wie sich die
Krankenhausreform auf den beihilferechtskonformen Defizitausgleich auswirken kann.
Genetische Studien an forensisch Untergebrachten?
Authors: Heller Felix 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Frage nach der Vertretbarkeit genetischer Studien an forensisch-psychiatrisch Untergebrachten
ist historisch belastet und kontrovers diskutiert. Sie hat mitnichten an Aktualität eingebüßt
und verlangt daher eine differenzierte wissenschaftliche Aufarbeitung, die die ethischen, medizinischen
und juristischen Problemfelder gleichermaßen beleuchtet. Dieser Bericht fasst die Vorträge einer
am 19.1.2024 abgehaltenen Tagung zum umrissenen Thema zusammen, zu der der Geschäftsführende Direktor
des Instituts für Bio-, Gesundheits- und Medizinrecht (IBGM) und Inhaber des Lehrstuhls für Öffentliches
Recht, Medizinrecht und Rechtsphilosophie, Prof. Dr. iur. Josef Franz Lindner, an die Juristische Fakultät
der Universität Augsburg eingeladen hat.
Shortest-path recovery from signature with an optimal control approach
Authors: Rauscher Marco , Scagliotti Alessandro , Pagginelli Patricio Felipe 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the signature-to-path reconstruction problem from the control-theoretic perspective. Namely, we design an optimal control problem whose solution leads to the minimal-length path that generates a given signature. In order to do that, we minimize a cost functional consisting of two competing terms, i.e., a weighted final-time cost combined with the $$L^2$$

L
2

-norm squared of the controls. Moreover, we can show that, by taking the limit to infinity of the parameter that tunes the final-time cost, the problem $$\Gamma $$
Γ
-converges to the problem of finding a sub-Riemannian geodesic connecting two signatures. Finally, we provide an alternative reformulation of the latter problem, which is particularly suitable for the numerical implementation.
Financial impact of pandemics on pension sustainability: an application for Spain
Authors: Boado-Penas M. Carmen , Eisenberg Julia , Song Zuochen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEpidemiologists are warning that the next pandemic is almost around the corner. As we have seen during the COVID-19 pandemic, the death toll was at the highest for over 60th, transforming the population pyramids. In times of pandemics, two effects on sustainability of the pay-as-you-go (PAYG) pension scheme go in different directions: the increase in old-age mortality (leading to a decrease in pension spending) and the increase in unemployment (leading to a decline in income from contributions). In this paper, we investigate the long-term effects of pandemics on the financial sustainability of PAYG pension schemes, taking into account changes in both mortality and unemployment factors. Using functional data analysis we develop projections of population pyramids and allow for anticipated mortality jumps as a result of future pandemics. An application is carried out using mortality and fertility data from Spain. Given some plausible assumptions, our findings indicate, firstly, that the financial sustainability of the Spanish pension system is compromised. Secondly, in the event of a pandemic, we observe that financial sustainability is primarily driven by the mortality effect—resulting in a decrease in pension expenditure—while the impact of unemployment is almost negligible.
Why dogs prefer zoomies to zoom and what it tells us about the importance of in-person meetings for learning and memory
Authors: Coppin Géraldine , Onofrio Michael L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAs people commonly observe dog behaviors like the sudden bursts of physical movement colloquially known as “zoomies,” and the canine penchant for sticking their nose out of car windows and for sniffing intently in dog parks, it is not surprising that people generally believe dogs learn and communicate by smell. While people generally discount their own olfactory sensitivity and the importance of smell overall, humans also learn and communicate by smell, in some cases even better than dogs. In this article, we discuss why this information exchange matters for learning and memory and why virtual meetings don’t pass the sniff test.
Wire-in-needle versus conventional syringe-on-needle technique for ultrasound-guided central venous catheter insertion in the internal jugular vein: the WIN randomized trial
Authors: Thomsen Kristen K. , Stekovic Jovana , Köster Felix , Bergholz Alina , Kouz Karim , Flick Moritz , Sessler Daniel I. , Zöllner Christian , Saugel Bernd , Schulte-Uentrop Leonie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
There are different techniques for ultrasound-guided central venous catheter (CVC) insertion. When using the conventional syringe-on-needle technique, the syringe needs to be removed from the needle after venous puncture to pass the guidewire through the needle into the vein. When, alternatively, using the wire-in-needle technique, the needle is preloaded with the guidewire, and the guidewire—after venous puncture—is advanced into the vein under real-time ultrasound guidance. We tested the hypothesis that the wire-in-needle technique reduces the time to successful guidewire insertion in the internal jugular vein compared with the syringe-on-needle technique in adults.

Methods
We randomized 250 patients to the wire-in-needle or syringe-on-needle technique. Our primary endpoint was the time to successful guidewire insertion in the internal jugular vein.

Results
Two hundred and thirty eight patients were analyzed. The median (25th percentile, 75th percentile) time to successful guidewire insertion was 22 (16, 38) s in patients assigned to the wire-in-needle technique and 25 (19, 34) s in patients assigned to the syringe-on-needle technique (estimated location shift: 2 s; 95%-confidence-interval: − 1 to 5 s, p = 0.165). CVC insertion was successful on the first attempt in 103/116 patients (89%) assigned to the wire-in-needle technique and in 113/122 patients (93%) assigned to the syringe-on-needle technique. CVC insertion-related complications occurred in 8/116 patients (7%) assigned to the wire-in-needle technique and 19/122 patients (16%) assigned to the syringe-on-needle technique.

Conclusion
The wire-in-needle technique—compared with the syringe-on-needle technique—did not reduce the time to successful guidewire insertion in the internal jugular vein. Clinicians can consider either technique for ultrasound-guided CVC insertion in adults.
Resonance Testing Data Evaluation Approaches for Scaling Onset Detection in Pipelines
Authors: Stüwe Isabelle , Küstenmacher Anastassia , Schmid Simon , Grosse Christian U. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMost industries dealing with pipelines face problems resulting from the buildup of deposits therein, such as reduced efficiency, downtime and increased maintenance costs. Although solutions to this issue have been sought for decades, no widely employed technique for monitoring growth of inorganic deposits (or ‘scaling’) in pipelines exists. In this research, a means of detecting the onset of scaling growth, by processing resonance testing data, was sought. For the resonance testing measurements the pipeline segment of interest is equipped with acceleration sensors which record signals generated by impacting the pipeline with a steel tip. The signals are Fourier transformed and analysed in the frequency domain, where a clear shift in frequency peak positions can be observed as the scaling thickness changes. How best to extract quantitative information from the generated frequency data is an open question. In this research, two data analysis approaches for scaling thickness prediction are compared: a supervised (binary classification) machine learning approach as well as a comparison-based change detection approach using cross-correlation. The supervised machine learning approach yields generalizable results for different acceleration sensors and impactor diameters whilst the change detection approach is sensitive from a scaling thickness of 0.5 mm. Whilst this research is specific to the pipe–scaling geometry—and type used in the experiments conducted, resonance testing can be applied to any pipe–scaling combination. The robustness of the data processing approaches presented in this work, when applied to other pipe–scaling materials and geometries, is the next point of research.
National differences in gambling-driven stock trading behavior: evidence from a simulated trading game
Authors: Mosenhauer Moritz , Windisch Jakob 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThere are significant differences in real-life gambling behavior between Germany and Italy. Contemporary theories suggest that these differences in individual preferences would translate to differences in trading behavior. We elicited trading behavior from participants of both Italian and German language groups using a stylized hold-or-trade scenario distributed via a survey. Additionally, we collected data on their self-stated gambling preferences. Our findings confirm the existence of large and significant differences in gambling consumption, problem gambling, and trading behavior between the two nationalities. Furthermore, we observed that gambling preferences explain most of the national differences. This suggests that established factors of financial decision-making play a more prominent role in explaining national differences in trading behavior than any latent cultural factors.
Cancer-on-chip: a breakthrough organ-on-a-chip technology in cancer cell modeling
Authors: Nejati Babak , Shahhosseini Reza , Hajiabbasi Mobasher , Ardabili Nastaran Safavi , Baktash Kosar Bagtashi , Alivirdiloo Vahid , Moradi Sadegh , Rad Mohammadreza Farhadi , Rahimi Fatemeh , Farani Marzieh Ramezani , Ghazi Farhood , Mobed Ahmad , Alipourfard Iraj 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The unclear molecular mechanisms and complex in vivo microenvironment of tumors make it difficult to clarify the nature of cancer and develop effective treatments. Therefore, the development of new methods to effectively treat cancer is urgently needed and of great importance. Organ-on-a-chip (OoC) systems could be the breakthrough technology sought by the pharmaceutical industry to address ever-increasing research and development costs. The past decade has seen significant advances in the spatial modeling of cancer therapeutics related to OoC technology, improving physiological exposition criteria. This article aims to summarize the latest achievements and research results of cancer cell treatment simulated in a 3D microenvironment using OoC technology. To this end, we will first discuss the OoC system in detail and then demonstrate the latest findings of the cancer cell treatment study by Ooc and how this technique can potentially optimize better modeling of the tumor. The prospects of OoC systems in the treatment of cancer cells and their advantages and limitations are also among the other points discussed in this study.

Graphical Abstract
Walkability der Stadt Regensburg – eine Mixed-methods-Untersuchung mittels QGIS und Walk Audits
Authors: Heudobler Marlies , Fina Stefan , Gerten Christian , Voß Stephan , Jung-Sievers Caroline 
Published: October 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Urbanisierung, Klimakrise und demografischer Wandel stellen Herausforderungen für die Lebensqualität und die Gesundheit der Stadtbevölkerung dar. Ein Konzept der gesundheitsorientierten Stadtplanung ist die sog. „Walkability“, d. h. eine fußgängerfreundlich gestaltete Umwelt. Ziel der Studie war es, einen Ist-Zustand der Walkability für die Stadt Regensburg zu erheben und davon ausgehend Möglichkeiten zur Verbesserung der Walkability zu diskutieren und abzuleiten.

Methodik
Anhand eines Mixed-methods-Studiendesigns, bestehend aus einer datenbasierten Vorbewertung (QGIS-Analyse mittels des OS-WALK-EU-Tools) und fragebogenbasierten Vor-Ort-Begehungen unter Einsatz des Walking Route Audit Tools (WRAT), wurden quantitative und qualitative Kriterien der Walkability in Regensburg im Zeitraum vom 08.09.2022–28.02.2023 untersucht. In die datenbasierte Analyse flossen Geodaten zur Bevölkerungsdichte, den Erholungsräumen und den Einrichtungen des alltäglichen Lebens ein. Zu den Bewertungskritierien der Begehungen gehörten Attraktivität, Komfort, Direktheit, Sicherheit und Kohärenz der Gehwege auf 5 ausgewählten Routen.

Ergebnisse
Auf der stadtweiten Betrachtungsebene nahm die Walkability nach der datenbasierten Bewertung zentrifugal von der Stadtmitte Regensburgs hin zu den Außenbereichen (und v. a. in den nordöstlichen Stadtvierteln) ab. Hier zeigte sich ein Optimierungsbedarf im Sinne einer Stadt der kurzen Wege und dem Postulat der nahräumlichen Erreichbarkeit von Einrichtungen des alltäglichen Bedarfs. Bei den Begehungen schnitten die Altstadt und das Dörnberg-Quartier am besten ab. Auf Quartiersebene konnten zudem konkrete und einfach umsetzbare Verbesserungsmaßnahmen abgeleitet werden.

Schlussfolgerung
Walkability als Rahmenkonzept der gesundheitsorientierten Städteplanung stellt eine gesamtgesellschaftliche Aufgabe dar. Der öffentliche Gesundheitsdienst könnte perspektivisch ein Bindeglied zwischen Politik, Verkehrsplanung und Bürgerschaft in der kommunalen Gesundheitsförderung sein und Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Walkability aktiv mitgestalten.
Modification of Neural Circuit Functions by Microglial P2Y6 Receptors in Health and Neurodegeneration
Authors: Zhang Yi , Tang Yong , Illes Peter 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNeural circuits consisting of neurons and glial cells help to establish all functions of the CNS. Microglia, the resident immunocytes of the CNS, are endowed with UDP-sensitive P2Y6 receptors (P2Y6Rs) which regulate phagocytosis/pruning of excessive synapses during individual development and refine synapses in an activity-dependent manner during adulthood. In addition, this type of receptor plays a decisive role in primary (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, neuropathic pain) and secondary (epilepsy, ischemic-, mechanical-, or irradiation-induced) neurodegeneration. A whole range of microglial cytokines controlled by P2Y6Rs, such as the interleukins IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), leads to neuroinflammation, resulting in neurodegeneration. Hence, small molecular antagonists of P2Y6Rs and genetic knockdown of this receptor provide feasible ways to alleviate inflammation-induced neurological disorders but might also interfere with the regulation of the synaptic circuitry. The present review aims at investigating this dual role of P2Y6Rs in microglia, both in shaping neural circuits by targeted phagocytosis and promoting neurodegenerative illnesses by fostering neuroinflammation through multiple transduction mechanisms.
Estimates for Sums of Eigenfunctions of Elliptic Pseudo-differential Operators on Compact Lie Groups
Authors: Cardona Duván , Delgado Julio , Ruzhansky Michael 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We extend the estimates proved by Donnelly and Fefferman, and by Lebeau, Robbiano and Zuazua, for sums of eigenfunctions of the Laplacian (on a compact manifold) to estimates for sums of eigenfunctions of any positive and elliptic pseudo-differential operator of positive order on a compact Lie group. Our criteria are imposed in terms of the positivity of the corresponding matrix-valued symbol of the operator. As an application of these inequalities in control theory, we obtain the null-controllability for diffusion models for elliptic pseudo-differential operators on compact Lie groups.
Early Carboniferous parallelodontid Arcoida (Bivalvia) from the hercynotypic facies of the Rhenohercynian Basin and their Devonian origin
Authors: Friedel Julia C. , Amler Michael R. W. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractParallelodontids, as typical bivalves of the shelf facies, have been successfully diversified since the Middle Devonian. During the second radiation of the family in the latest Devonian (Strunian regional stage) and early Carboniferous, the shelf areas yielded highly diverse parallelodontids, but they also invaded the deeper basins of the northwesternmost Palaeotethys, particularly the Rhenohercynian Basin. Here, we provide a comprehensive description and comparison of the parallelodontids of the deeper marine environments in the Mississippian across Europe. In addition to the already known species Parallelodon semicostatus (McCoy, 1844), P. tenuistria (McCoy, 1844), and P. geinitzi De Koninck, 1885, the species P. beneckei (Tornquist, 1896) and P. decheni (von Koenen, 1879) are revived after years of disuse. ‘Byssoarca lanceolata’, a distorted fragment described by McCoy in 1844 from Irish mudstones, is considered as nomen dubium. Additional taxa mentioned in the literature complete the diversity of parallelodontids of the Carboniferous Kulm Basin and adjacent basinal settings. Parallelodon decheni proves to be the most characteristic parallelodontid in the Kulm Basin. In addition, material from the Strunian of Germany, here described as Parallelodon pauli n. sp., is available to infer the development of the Kulm parallelodontids from the external shelf areas of the latest Devonian. The diversity of parallelodontids in basinal settings is surprisingly high despite the atypical habitat of Palaeozoic arcoids. Morphological similarities between the species, which would indicate a similar habitat, could not be identified.
Targeting the Notch-Furin axis with 2-hydroxyoleic acid: a key mechanism in glioblastoma therapy
Authors: Rodríguez-Lorca Raquel , Román Ramón , Beteta-Göbel Roberto , Torres Manuel , Lladó Victoria , Escribá Pablo V. , Fernández-García Paula 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Glioblastomas (GBMs) are highly treatment-resistant and aggressive brain tumors. 2OHOA, which is currently running a phase IIB/III clinical trial for newly diagnosed GBM patients, was developed in the context of melitherapy. This therapy focuses on the regulation of the membrane’s structure and organization with the consequent modulation of certain cell signals to revert the pathological state in several disorders. Notch signaling has been associated with tumorigenesis and cell survival, potentially driving the pathogenesis of GBM. The current study aims to determine whether 2OHOA modulates the Notch pathway as part of its antitumoral mechanism.

Methods
2OHOA’s effect was evaluated on different components of the pathway by Western blot, Q-PCR, and confocal microscopy. Notch receptor processing was analyzed by subcellular fractionation and colocalization studies. Furin activity was evaluated under cleavage of its substrate by fluorescence assays and its binding affinity to 2OHOA was determined by surface plasmon resonance.

Results
We found that 2OHOA inhibits Notch2 and Notch3 signaling by dual mechanism. Notch2 inhibition is unleashed by impairment of its processing through the inactivation of furin activity by physical association. Instead, Notch3 is transcriptionally downregulated leading to a lower activation of the pathway. Moreover, we also found that HES1 overexpression highlighted the relevance of this pathway in the 2OHOA pharmacological efficacy.

Conclusion
These findings report that the inhibition of Notch signaling by 2OHOA plays a role in its anti-tumoral activity, an effect that may be driven through direct inhibition of furin, characterizing a novel target of this bioactive lipid to treat GBM.