bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emotional Dysregulation in Adults With Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder–Validity, Predictability, Severity, and Comorbidity
Authors: Corbisiero Salvatore , Mörstedt Beatrice , Bitto Hannes , Stieglitz Rolf‐Dieter 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesAttention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. However, this triad might not be able to explain the complete spectrum of ADHD symptoms, as emotional dysregulation (ED) frequently seems to accompany the disorder. The aim of this study was to further understand the role of ED in adult ADHD.MethodThe sample comprised 393 adults with ADHD without or with comorbidity, and 121 adults without ADHD or any other mental disorder. Additionally, the sample focused on ED. The contribution of core symptoms and the effect of comorbidity on ED were tested and the predictive value of ED for the ADHD diagnosis itself analyzed. Finally, all subjects were categorized into groups–No ADHD, ADHD, and ADHD + ED–to analyze the differences in the severity of ADHD symptomatology in the three groups.ResultsED levels were found to be elevated in patients with ADHD. The core symptoms affected ED, and the ADHD diagnosis was predicted by ED. The addition of ED to a regression model with the core symptoms was shown to improve the predictability of the ADHD diagnosis. The presence of ED proved to be an indicator of the severity of adult ADHD independent of a present comorbidity.ConclusionsED is a significant symptom in adult patients with ADHD and appears to be associated with ADHD itself. Whilst the presence of other mental disorders intensifies symptoms of ED, ED seems not to manifest solely as a consequence of comorbidity.
Setal morphology of grooming appendages in the spider crab, Libinia dubia
Authors: Wortham Jen L. , LaVelle Amanda D. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTIn crustaceans, grooming behaviors decrease fouling by removing debris from the exoskeleton and body structures; these grooming behaviors improve respiration, sensory reception, movement, and reproduction. Setal morphologies of the following grooming appendages in the decapod crustacean spider crab Libinia dubia are examined including the first pereiopod (cheliped), first, second, and third maxillipeds (mouthparts), and first, second, and third epipods (internal extensions of the maxillipeds). The objective of this study was to describe setal morphologies of these grooming appendages and to elucidate possible functions and efficiencies of setal structures. Spider crabs are hypothesized to have elaborate setal morphologies, mainly for cleaning specialized decorating setae as well as for cleaning inside the gill chamber, which has a higher likelihood of becoming fouled compared to other decapods such as shrimps. Fourteen setal types are documented and included several varieties of serrate and pappose setae as well as simple setae, cuspidate setae, papposerrate setae, and canoe setae. Maxillipodal epipods in the gill chamber are free of fouling, suggesting the setation on the third maxilliped protopod has an efficient functional morphology in removing debris before water enters the gill chamber. Serrate setae may function for detangling and separating structures whereas pappose setae may function for fine detailed grooming. The cheliped is the only grooming appendage that can reach decorating setae and it contains only pappose setae; thus decorating setae is not likely groomed in a manner that would greatly decrease fouling. J. Morphol. 277:1045–1061, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Variability of runoff‐based drought conditions in the conterminous United States
Authors: McCabe Gregory J. , Wolock David M. , Austin Samuel H. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTIn this study, a monthly water‐balance model is used to simulate monthly runoff for 2109 hydrologic units (HUs) in the conterminous United States (CONUS) for water‐years 1901 through 2014. The monthly runoff time series for each HU were smoothed with a 3‐month moving average, and then the 3‐month moving‐average runoff values were converted to percentiles. For each HU, a drought was considered to occur when the HU runoff percentile dropped to the 20th percentile or lower. A drought was considered to end when the HU runoff percentile exceeded the 20th percentile. After identifying drought events for each HU, the frequency and length of drought events were examined. Results indicated that (1) the longest mean drought lengths occur in the eastern CONUS and parts of the Rocky Mountain region and the northwestern CONUS, (2) the frequency of drought is highest in the southwestern and central CONUS, and lowest in the eastern CONUS, the Rocky Mountain region, and the northwestern CONUS, (3) droughts have occurred during all months of the year and there does not appear to be a seasonal pattern to drought occurrence, (4) the variability of precipitation appears to have been the principal climatic factor determining drought, and (5) for most of the CONUS, drought frequency appears to have decreased during the 1901 through 2014 period.
Polyphenol Conjugates by Immobilized Laccase: The Green Synthesis of Dextran‐Catechin
Authors: Vittorio Orazio , Cojoc Monica , Curcio Manuela , Spizzirri Umile Gianfranco , Hampel Silke , Nicoletta Fiore Pasquale , Iemma Francesca , Dubrovska Anna , Kavallaris Maria , Cirillo Giuseppe 
Published: May 2016

Dextran‐catechin conjugate with high functionalization degree is synthesized by using a fully green process based on the chemistry of laccase immobilized on hydrogel film. By UV‐induced radical polymerization, the enzyme is immobilized into acrylate hydrogel film resulting in a highly performing biocatalyst (residual catalytic activity of 60% upon immobilization). 1H‐NMR studies of dextran‐catechin conjugate allow the elucidation of the reaction mechanism and the assessment of the functionalization degree (128 mg of catechin per gram of conjugate). Cell viability studies performed in neuroblastoma cells clearly prove the anticancer potential of the conjugate (IC50 value of 17.03 μg mL−1) while being well tolerated by nonmalignant cells. The efficiency of this conjugate is found to be similar to dextran‐catechin, previously prepared by free radical reaction. This novel green approach of synthesis for dextran‐catechin opens new perspectives for the environmentally sustainable development of novel natural derived drugs to treat neuroblastoma and other cancers.
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Fluorinated POSS‐Star Polymers for 19F MRI
Authors: Wang Kewei , Peng Hui , Thurecht Kristofer J. , Whittaker Andrew K. 
Published: May 2016

Star polymers with a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) core and eight partly fluorinated arms have been synthesized by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. A macroCTA having eight chain transfer agent (CTA) molecules attached to a POSS core is prepared and used for the synthesis of star polymers by the R‐group approach. The arms are composed of statistical copolymers of 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl acrylate and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate. The polymerization kinetics are studied, and yield of star polymer is optimized. Star polymers having different arm lengths are prepared and characterized. The star polymers exhibit a single 19F resonance in 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectra in aqueous solution, and the T2 relaxation time increases with arm length. The relaxation properties and the fluorine content are consistent with these polymers being effective 19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) agents. This work indicates that these POSS‐star polymers have potential as theranostic agents for 19F MRI and drug delivery.
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Current Approaches in Improving Hemocompatibility of Polymeric Membranes for Biomedical Application
Authors: Salimi Esmaeil , Ghaee Azadeh , Ismail Ahmad Fauzi , Othman Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan , Sean Goh Pei 
Published: May 2016

Suitable membranes for blood‐contacting medical applications need to be resistant in confrontation with blood proteins and cells, while possessing high blood compatibility and permeability at the same time. Herein, an overview of the recent advances and strategies that have been used to enhance the hemocompatibility of polymeric membranes is provided. The review focuses on two modification strategies: (i) physical modifications and (ii) chemical modifications. It also highlights the current progress in the design of hemocompatible‐functionalized membranes for biomedical applications. Subsequently, the commonly applied biocompatibility tests are also discussed and finally the future perspectives of the application of polymeric membranes in the biomedical field are presented.
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Fabrication, Morphology Control, and Electroless Metal Deposition of Electrospun ABS Fibers
Authors: Chiu Yu‐Jing , Chi Mu‐Huan , Liu Ying‐Hsuan , Chen Jiun‐Tai 
Published: May 2016

Acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) is a polymer composing of acrylonitrile, butadiene, and styrene. It has been widely used in industry because of its good mechanical and physical properties. The fabrication of ABS fibers, however, has been rarely studied. Here the fabrication of ABS fibers has been reported by an electrospinning technique, in which the sizes and morphologies of the fibers can be controlled by adjusting the electrospinning conditions. The morphologies of the ABS fibers can also be transformed by annealing the fibers on poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films. After annealing, the ABS fibers gradually transform to ABS particles embedded in the PMMA films by a mechanism similar to the Rayleigh‐instability‐type transformation. To extend the applications of the electrospun ABS fibers, electroless deposition of copper is also conducted, resulting in copper‐coated ABS fibers.
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Redox‐Responsive Micelles with Cores Crosslinked via Click Chemistry
Authors: Zhang Xiaojin , Dong Hui , Fu Shuangli , Zhong Zhenlin , Zhuo Renxi 
Published: May 2016

Redox‐responsive micelles with cores crosslinked via click chemistry are developed to improve the stability of polymer micelles. Amphiphilic block copolymer mPEG‐b‐P(DTC‐ADTC) with pendant azido groups on the hydrophobic chains is synthesized by the ring‐opening polymerization of 2,2‐bis(azidomethyl)trimethylene carbonate (ADTC) and 2,2‐dimethyltrimethylene carbonate (DTC) with monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) as an initiator. mPEG‐b‐P(DTC‐ADTC) self‐assemble to form the micelles in aqueous solution and the cores of the micelles are crosslinked via click chemistry to afford redox‐responsive core‐crosslinked micelles. Core‐crosslinking enhances the stability of the micelles in aqueous solution and improve the drug‐loading property. The redox‐responsive core‐crosslinked micelles can be reduced by the addition of reducing agents such as dithiothreitol (DTT), and thus release the loaded drug quickly in the presence of DTT.
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Regio‐ and Stereochemical Control in Ocimene Polymerization by Half‐Sandwich Rare‐Earth Metal Dialkyl Complexes
Authors: Peng Deqian , Du Gaixia , Zhang Pengfei , Yao Bo , Li Xiaofang , Zhang Shaowen 
Published: May 2016

The polymerization of ocimene has been first achieved by half‐sandwich rare‐earth metal dialkyl complexes in combination with activator and AliBu3. The regio‐ and stereoselectivity in the ocimene polymerization can be controlled by tuning the cyclopentadienyl ligand and the central metal of the complex. The chiral cyclopentadienyl‐ligated Sc complex 1 prepares syndiotactic cis‐1,4‐polyocimene (cis‐1,4‐selectivity up to 100%, rrrr = 100%), while the corresponding Lu, Y, and Dy complexes 2–4 and the achiral pentamethylcyclopentadienyl Sc, Lu, and Y complexes 5–7 afford isotactic trans‐1,2‐polyocimenes (trans‐1,2‐selectivity up to 100%, mm = 100%).
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Highly Isospecific Polymerization of Silyl‐Protected ω‐Alkenols Using an [OSSO]‐Type Bis(phenolato) Dichloro Zirconium(IV) Precatalyst
Authors: Saito Yusuke , Nakata Norio , Ishii Akihiko 
Published: May 2016

The coordination polymerization of silyl‐protected ω‐alkenols such as ω‐alken‐α‐oxytriisopropylsilanes 1 provides poly(ω‐alkenyl‐α‐oxytriisopropylsilalne)s with a highly isospecific microstructure ([mmmm] > 95%) when a combination of [OSSO]‐type bis(phenolato) dichloro zirconium(IV) complex 2 and dried methylaluminoxane is used as the precatalyst and activator, respectively. The resulting siloxy‐substituted polymers could be efficiently transformed into the corresponding functionalized polyolefins, which contained up to 90% acetyl groups and ≈7% hydroxy groups in the terminal side chains.
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“Really,” “Not Possible,” “I Can't Believe It”: Exploring Informational Text in Literature Circles
Authors: Barone Diane , Barone Rebecca 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFifth graders' interpretations of nonfiction or informational text were explored. Each literature circle group read and responded to informational text. Discoveries included that students' conversations and written responses were closely connected to text and that students created multimodal responses.
Prediction of small‐for‐gestational‐age neonate by third‐trimester fetal biometry and impact of ultrasound–delivery interval
Authors: Reboul Q. , Delabaere A. , Luo Z. C. , Nuyt A.‐M. , Wu Y. , Chauleur C. , Fraser W. , Audibert F. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo compare third‐trimester ultrasound screening methods to predict small‐for‐gestational age (SGA), and to evaluate the impact of the ultrasound–delivery interval on screening performance.MethodsIn this prospective study, data were collected from a multicenter singleton cohort study investigating the links between various exposures during pregnancy with birth outcome and later health in children. We included women, recruited in the first trimester, who had complete outcome data and had undergone third‐trimester ultrasound examination. Demographic, clinical and biological variables were also collected from both parents. We compared prediction of delivery of a SGA neonate (birth weight < 10th percentile) by the following methods: abdominal circumference (AC) Z‐score based on Hadlock curves (Hadlock AC), on INTERGROWTH‐21st Project curves (Intergrowth AC) and on Salomon curves (Salomon AC); estimated fetal weight (EFW) Z‐score based on Hadlock curves (Hadlock EFW) and on customized curves from Gardosi (Gardosi EFW); and fetal growth velocity based on change in AC between second and third trimesters (FGVAC). We also assessed the following ultrasound–delivery intervals: ≤ 4 weeks, ≤ 6 weeks and ≤ 10 weeks.ResultsThird‐trimester ultrasound was performed in 1805 patients with complete outcome data, of whom 158 (8.8%) delivered a SGA neonate. Ultrasound examination was at a median gestational age of 32 (interquartile range, 31–33) weeks. The ultrasound–delivery interval was ≤ 4 weeks in 17.2% of cases, ≤ 6 weeks in 48.1% of cases and ≤ 10 weeks in 97.3% of cases. Areas under the receiver–operating characteristics curve (AUC) were 0.772 for Salomon AC, 0.768 for Hadlock EFW, 0.766 for Hadlock AC, 0.765 for Intergrowth AC, 0.708 for Gardosi EFW and 0.674 for FGVAC (all P < 0.0001). The screening method with the highest AUC for an ultrasound–delivery interval ≤ 4 weeks was Salomon AC (AUC, 0.856), ≤ 6 weeks was Hadlock AC (AUC, 0.824) and ≤ 10 weeks was Salomon AC (AUC, 0.780). At a fixed 10% false‐positive rate, the best detection rates were 60.0%, 54.1% and 42.1% for intervals ≤ 4, ≤ 6 and ≤ 10 weeks, respectively.ConclusionThird‐trimester ultrasound measurements provide poor to moderate prediction of SGA. A shorter ultrasound–delivery interval provides better prediction than does a longer interval. Further studies are needed to test the effect of including maternal or biological characteristics in SGA screening. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
High miscarriage rate in women treated with Essure® for hydrosalpinx before embryo transfer: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Barbosa M. W. , Sotiriadis A. , Papatheodorou S. I. , Mijatovic V. , Nastri C. O. , Martins W. P. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTObjectivesEssure® has been tested as an alternative treatment for hydrosalpinx before embryo transfer (ET) in women undergoing assisted reproduction techniques. However, the persistence of a foreign body inside the uterine cavity might have a negative impact on the outcome of pregnancy. The present systematic review aimed at identifying, appraising and summarizing the available evidence regarding the effectiveness and safety of using Essure prior to ET for women with hydrosalpinx.MethodsWe searched for studies in PubMed, Scopus, CENTRAL, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov and the reference lists of eligible studies. All studies including at least 10 women with hydrosalpinx who received Essure, any other intervention or no treatment prior to ET were considered eligible. Study selection, data extraction and evaluation of the risk of bias were performed independently by two authors. Study outcomes were miscarriage per clinical pregnancy, singleton preterm birth per singleton live birth and live birth/ongoing pregnancy and clinical pregnancy per ET. The pooled results for each outcome and intervention were summarized as proportions with their respective 95% CIs, using a random‐effects model.ResultsOur electronic search of databases was performed on 7 November 2015, and 26 studies with 43 study arms were considered eligible: eight study arms evaluating Essure; seven assessing tubal aspiration; seven appraising effects of no treatment; 12 evaluating salpingectomy; two assessing tubal division; and seven evaluating tubal occlusion. When compared with women who had no intervention, women with Essure had a higher clinical pregnancy rate per ET (36% (95% CI, 0–43%) vs 13% (95% CI, 9–17%)). When compared with women who had other interventions, women with Essure had a higher miscarriage rate per clinical pregnancy (38% (95% CI, 27–49%) vs 15% (95% CI, 10–19%)).ConclusionsThe available evidence suggests that, although Essure prior to ET in women with hydrosalpinx improves the chance of achieving a clinical pregnancy compared with no intervention, it is associated with a higher rate of miscarriage when compared with the other interventions. Although this evidence is based on observational studies, we believe that salpingectomy should be the first option for women who are eligible for videolaparoscopy. However, it is still premature to make recommendations for women who are not eligible for surgery, and randomized controlled trials are needed to clarify which is the best treatment alternative in such a scenario. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
EPISTEMIC NORMS AND ‘HE SAID/SHE SAID’ REPORTING
Authors: Simion Mona 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the permissibility of exclusively relying on a procedural objectivity model for news reporting, from the perspective of the normativity of informative speech acts. It is argued that, with the exception of urgency situations, the paradigmatic application of procedural objectivity is in breach of the relevant norms.
‘UNBOUNDED VIEWS’: INCOMPLETE EKPHRASIS AND THE VISUAL IMAGINATION IN VIRGIL
Authors: Kania Raymond 
Published: May 2016

Our imagination loves to be filled with an object or to grasp at anything that is too big for its capacity. We are flung into a pleasing astonishment at such unbounded views and feel a delightful stillness and amazement of the soul at the apprehension of them.Joseph Addison, Essay 412
THE MUTINY AND THE MERCHANTS
Authors: ROY TIRTHANKAR 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe historiography of the Indian mutiny (1857–8) suggests that livelihood classes responded to the episode differently, but pays more attention to the agricultural classes than the urban commercial ones in studying the response. This article revises the economic history of the rebellion by showing that commercial interests were influenced by concerns over security of property, and that they, as much as landed interests, shaped the course of the rebellion.
Cell origin in the macula flava of the human newborn vocal fold
Authors: Sato K , Chitose S , Kurita T , Umeno H 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackground:There is growing evidence to suggest that cells in the maculae flavae are tissue stem cells of the human vocal fold and maculae flavae are a stem cell niche.Methods:Three newborn vocal folds were investigated. Immunoreactivity to antibodies directed to cytokeratin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, vimentin, cluster of differentiation 34, cluster of differentiation 45, collagen type I, telomerase reverse transcriptase, SOX17 and stage-specific embryonic antigen 3 was investigated.Results:The cells in the newborn maculae flavae expressed haematopoietic markers (cluster of differentiation 34, cluster of differentiation 45) and collagen type I, which are the major makers of bone marrow derived circulating fibrocytes. The cells expressed epithelium, muscle, neural and mesenchymal cell associated proteins, and endodermal marker, indicating that they are undifferentiated and express proteins of all three germ layers. The cells also expressed stage-specific embryonic antigen 3 and telomerase reverse transcriptase.Conclusion:The cells in the newborn maculae flavae are undifferentiated cells arising from the differentiation of bone marrow cells. The results of this study are consistent with the hypothesis that the cells in maculae flavae are tissue stem cells.
Episodic memory in depression: the unique contribution of the anterior caudate and hippocampus
Authors: Jayaweera H. K. , Hickie I. B. , Duffy S. L. , Mowszowski L. , Norrie L. , Lagopoulos J. , Naismith S. L. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundLearning and memory impairments in older adults with depression are linked to hippocampal atrophy. However, other subcortical regions may also be contributing to these deficits. We aimed to examine whether anterior caudate nucleus volume is significantly reduced in older adults with depression compared to controls; whether anterior caudate volume is associated with performance on tasks of episodic learning and memory, and if so, whether this association is independent of the effects of the hippocampus.MethodEighty-four health-seeking participants meeting criteria for lifetime major depressive disorder (mean age = 64.2,s.d.= 9.1 years) and 27 never-depressed control participants (mean age = 63.9,s.d.= 8.0 years) underwent neuropsychological assessment including verbal episodic memory tests [Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test and Logical Memory (WMS-III)]. Magnetic resonance imaging was conducted, from which subregions of the caudate nucleus were manually demarcated bilaterally and hippocampal volume was calculated using semi-automated methods.ResultsDepressed subjects had smaller right anterior caudate (RAC) (t= 2.3,p= 0.026) and poorer memory compared to controls (t= 2.5,p< 0.001). For depressed subjects only, smaller RAC was associated with poorer verbal memory (r= 0.3,p= 0.003) and older age (r= −0.46,p< 0.001). Multivariable regression showed that the RAC and hippocampus volume uniquely accounted for 5% and 3% of the variance in memory, respectively (β= 0.25,t= 2.16,p= 0.033;β= 0.19,t= 1.71,p= 0.091).ConclusionsIn older people with depression, the anterior caudate nucleus and the hippocampus play independent roles in mediating memory. While future studies examining this structure should include larger sample sizes and adjust for multiple comparisons, these findings support the critical role of the striatum in depression.