bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of olfactory and visual cover on nest site selection and nest success for grassland‐nesting birds
Authors: Fogarty Dillon T. , Elmore R. Dwayne , Fuhlendorf Samuel D. , Loss Scott R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHabitat selection by animals is influenced by and mitigates the effects of predation and environmental extremes. For birds, nest site selection is crucial to offspring production because nests are exposed to extreme weather and predation pressure. Predators that forage using olfaction often dominate nest predator communities; therefore, factors that influence olfactory detection (e.g., airflow and weather variables, including turbulence and moisture) should influence nest site selection and survival. However, few studies have assessed the importance of olfactory cover for habitat selection and survival. We assessed whether ground‐nesting birds select nest sites based on visual and/or olfactory cover. Additionally, we assessed the importance of visual cover and airflow and weather variables associated with olfactory cover in influencing nest survival. In managed grasslands in Oklahoma, USA, we monitored nests of Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus), Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna), and Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum) during 2015 and 2016. To assess nest site selection, we compared cover variables between nests and random points. To assess factors influencing nest survival, we used visual cover and olfactory‐related measurements (i.e., airflow and weather variables) to model daily nest survival. For nest site selection, nest sites had greater overhead visual cover than random points, but no other significant differences were found. Weather variables hypothesized to influence olfactory detection, specifically precipitation and relative humidity, were the best predictors of and were positively related to daily nest survival. Selection for overhead cover likely contributed to mitigation of thermal extremes and possibly reduced detectability of nests. For daily nest survival, we hypothesize that major nest predators focused on prey other than the monitored species’ nests during high moisture conditions, thus increasing nest survival on these days. Our study highlights how mechanistic approaches to studying cover informs which dimensions are perceived and selected by animals and which dimensions confer fitness‐related benefits.
Habitat predictors of genetic diversity for two sympatric wetland‐breeding amphibian species
Authors: McKee Anna M. , Maerz John C. , Smith Lora L. , Glenn Travis C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPopulation genetic diversity is widely accepted as important to the conservation and management of wildlife. However, habitat features may differentially affect evolutionary processes that facilitate population genetic diversity among sympatric species. We measured genetic diversity for two pond‐breeding amphibian species (Dwarf salamanders, Eurycea quadridigitata; and Southern Leopard frogs, Lithobates sphenocephalus) to understand how habitat characteristics and spatial scale affect genetic diversity across a landscape. Samples were collected from wetlands on a longleaf pine reserve in Georgia. We genotyped microsatellite loci for both species to assess population structures and determine which habitat features were most closely associated with observed heterozygosity and rarefied allelic richness. Both species exhibited significant population genetic structure; however, structure in Southern Leopard frogs was driven primarily by one outlier site. Dwarf salamander allelic richness was greater at sites with less surrounding road area within 0.5 km and more wetland area within 1.0 and 2.5 km, and heterozygosity was greater at sites with more wetland area within 0.5 km. In contrast, neither measure of Southern Leopard frog genetic diversity was associated with any habitat features at any scale we evaluated. Genetic diversity in the Dwarf salamander was strongly associated with land cover variables up to 2.5 km away from breeding wetlands, and/or results suggest that minimizing roads in wetland buffers may be beneficial to the maintenance of population genetic diversity. This study suggests that patterns of genetic differentiation and genetic diversity have associations with different habitat features across different spatial scales for two syntopic pond‐breeding amphibian species.
Role of the spinal TrkB‐NMDA receptor link in the BDNF‐induced long‐lasting mechanical hyperalgesia in the rat: A behavioural study
Authors: Marcos J.L. , Galleguillos D. , Pelissier T. , Hernández A. , Velásquez L. , Villanueva L. , Constandil L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundIntrathecal/intracisternal BDNF in rodents produces long‐lasting hyperalgesia/allodynia, which implies BDNF plays a role in the establishment and maintenance of central sensitization. Both self‐regeneration of endogenous BDNF and neuroplastic modifications of spinal NMDA receptors downstream TrkB signalling could be involved in such enduring hyperalgesia. We investigated to what extent BDNF by itself could participate in the generation and maintenance of mechanical hyperalgesia using pharmacological tools.MethodsWe studied sensitivity of mechanical hyperalgesia induced by a single intrathecal (i.t.) injection of BDNF (3 ng/10 μL i.t.) administered at time zero, for: (1) chronic NMDA receptor inhibition with subcutaneously implanted 7‐day delivery osmotic pumps loaded with ketamine; (2) TrkB receptor inhibition with intraperitoneal (i.p.) cyclotraxine‐B; and (3) chronic glial inhibition with repeated propentofylline i.t. injections. Nociceptive threshold to paw pressure, tested on days ‐3, 0, 3, 7, 10 and 14, was used as the index of central sensitization. Locomotor patterns and food and water consumption were assessed with LABORAS.ResultsChronic ketamine prevented the mechanical hyperalgesia induced by BDNF, without affecting locomotion and food and water consumption. After pump depletion, a late hyperalgesic response to paw pressure stimulation emerged, which can be lastingly antagonized by cyclotraxine‐B. Chronic propentofylline treatment irreversibly suppressed BDNF‐induced hyperalgesia.ConclusionActivation of NMDA receptors downstream to TrkB signalling is essential for behavioural expression of the mechanical hyperalgesia induced by intrathecal BDNF. However, maintenance of the hyperalgesia depends mainly from self‐regenerating glial BDNF rather than from a NMDA receptor‐dependent form of neuroplasticity.SignificanceIntrathecal BDNF induces long‐lasting central sensitization via a glial‐likely BDNF self‐regenerating mechanism, whose behavioural expression depends on downstream activation of NMDA receptors. This knowledge suggests that TrkB antagonists could represent an interesting lead for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for some chronic pain conditions.
Distribution and source of rare earth elements in PM2.5 in Xiamen, China
Authors: Wang Shanshan , Yu Ruilian , Hu Gongren , Hu Qichao , Zheng Quan 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Particulate matter with diameter ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5) is a serious atmospheric pollutant. Composition and source analyses are essential for controlling PM2.5. Rare earth elements (REEs) have received little attention as a component of PM2.5. In the present study, PM2.5 samples were collected in urban and suburban areas in Xiamen and analyzed for REEs. The concentration range of total REEs (∑REE) is 12.07 to 98.45 mg/kg, with a mean of 38.53 mg/kg, in urban PM2.5 and 16.44 to 160.62 mg/kg, with a mean of 42.94 mg/kg, in suburban PM2.5. Light REE concentrations are higher in suburban PM2.5, whereas heavy REE concentrations are higher in urban PM2.5, implying distinct sources of REEs in urban and suburban PM2.5. The scatter plots of δEu-∑REE and La–Ce–Sm suggest that REEs in urban PM2.5 originate from gasoline- and diesel-vehicle exhaust, whereas those in suburban PM2.5 are mainly influenced by gasoline-vehicle exhaust. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:3217–3222. © 2017 SETAC
Improving substance information in USEtox®, part 2: Data for estimating fate and ecosystem exposure factors
Authors: Saouter Erwan , Aschberger Karin , Fantke Peter , Hauschild Michael Z. , Kienzler Aude , Paini Alicia , Pant Rana , Radovnikovic Anita , Secchi Michela , Sala Serenella 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

The scientific consensus model USEtox® has been developed since 2003 under the auspices of the United Nations Environment Programme–Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Life Cycle Initiative as a harmonized approach for characterizing human and freshwater toxicity in life cycle assessment and other comparative assessment frameworks. Using physicochemical substance properties, USEtox quantifies potential human toxicity and freshwater ecotoxicity impacts by combining environmental fate, exposure, and toxicity effects information, considering multimedia fate and multipathway exposure processes. The main source to obtain substance properties for USEtox 1.01 and 2.0 is the Estimation Program Interface (EPI Suite™) from the US Environmental Protection Agency. However, since the development of the original USEtox substance databases, new chemical regulations have been enforced in Europe, such as the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) and the Plant Protection Products regulations. These regulations require that a chemical risk assessment for humans and the environment is performed before a chemical is placed on the European market. Consequently, additional physicochemical property data and new toxicological endpoints are now available for thousands of chemical substances. The aim of the present study was to explore the extent to which the new available data can be used as input for USEtox—especially for application in environmental footprint studies—and to discuss how this would influence the quantification of fate and exposure factors. Initial results show that the choice of data source and the parameters selected can greatly influence fate and exposure factors, leading to potentially different rankings and relative contributions of substances to overall human toxicity and ecotoxicity impacts. Moreover, it is crucial to discuss the relevance of the exposure factor for freshwater ecotoxicity impacts, particularly for persistent highly adsorbing and bioaccumulating substances. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:3463–3470. © 2017 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
Diversity of functional connectivity patterns is reduced in propofol‐induced unconsciousness
Authors: Lee Heonsoo , Noh Gyu‐Jeong , Joo Pangyu , Choi Byung‐Moon , Silverstein Brian Henry , Kim Minkyung , Wang Jisung , Jung Woo‐Sung , Kim Seunghwan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIntroductionRecent evidence suggests that the conscious brain is characterized by a diverse repertoire of functional connectivity patterns while the anesthetized brain shows stereotyped activity. However, classical time‐averaged methods of connectivity dismiss dynamic and temporal characteristics of functional configurations. Here we demonstrate a new approach which characterizes time‐varying patterns of functional connectivity at the subsecond time scale.MethodsWe introduce phase‐lag entropy (PLE), a measure of the diversity of temporal patterns in the phase relationships between two signals. The proposed measure was applied to multichannel electroencephalogram (EEG), which were recorded from two distinct experimental settings: (1) propofol was administrated at a constant infusion rate for 60 min (n = 96); (2) administration of propofol by a target effect‐site concentration‐controlled infusion with simultaneous assessment of the level of consciousness (n = 10).ResultsFrom the first dataset, two substantial changes of the phase relationship during anesthesia was found: (1) the dynamics of the phase relationship between frontal channels became progressively less diverse and more stereotyped during unconsciousness, quantified as a reduction in PLE; and (2) the reduction in PLE was consistent across subjects. Furthermore, PLE provided better performance in the classification of states of consciousness than did phase‐lag index, a classical time‐averaged connectivity method. From the second dataset, PLE showed the highest agreement with the level of consciousness, compared to existing anesthetic depth indicators.ConclusionsThis study suggests that a scarcity of functional configurations is closely associated with anesthetically induced unconsciousness, and shows promise as a basis for a new consciousness monitoring system during general anesthesia. Hum Brain Mapp 38:4980–4995, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Canal Automation for Irrigation Systems: American Society of Civil Engineers Manual of Practice Number 131
Authors: Wahlin Brian , Zimbelman Darell 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRecently, the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) prepared a Manual of Practice (MOP) on canal automation for irrigation systems. Formally referred to as MOP 131 Canal Automation for Irrigation Systems, this book focuses on the technical aspects of modernizing irrigation systems through the use of automated canal control systems. MOP 131 is an essential reference for professionals in agricultural and irrigation engineering, as well as owners, managers, and operators of irrigation water delivery systems.Canal automation saves water and improves the efficiency of irrigation water supply projects or of irrigation district operations. Recent technological and engineering advances now enable more accurate control of water deliveries throughout all parts of an irrigation project. Using information collected from irrigation systems around the world in conjunction with new advances in control theory research, this MOP examines how and when to implement canal automation within the context of canal modernization. In addition, MOP 131 provides practical guidance on other aspects of canal automation, including the modernization process, constraints, and concepts; survey of irrigation physical infrastructure; SCADA systems; control operation concepts; canal hydraulic properties; automatic control methods; verification of controller performance; and implementation of control systems.This paper provides a brief summary of MOP 131 within the context of the history and future of canal automation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impairment of primary cilia contributes to visceral adiposity of high fat diet‐fed mice
Authors: Qiu Ni , Fang Wei‐Jin , Li Hong‐Sheng , He Zhi‐Min , Xiao Zhou‐Sheng , Xiong Yan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDeficiency of primary cilia formation by knockout kinesin family member 3A (Kif3a) in mature osteoblasts led to osteopenia and enhanced adipogenesis. Adipogenesis plays an important role in adipose tissue expansion by High‐fat‐diet (HFD) induced obesity. Whether primary cilia participate in high‐fat‐diet induced adiposity remains unclear. In this study, we found that the number and length of primary cilia and expression levels of KIF3A and intraflagellar transport 88 homolog (IFT88) mRNA and proteins reached peak on the day 3 of adipogenesis, followed by a decrease to reach low basal expression levels at day 9 when differentiated to lipid accumulating adipocytes in VAT‐SVFs derived from lean mice. The number of primary cilia was reduced by shRNA and chemical methods, leading to elevated transcripts of Pparγ, Cebp‐α, Srebp‐1, and Fasn and protein levels of PPARγ and FASN. Similar to the proadipogenic effect by the inhibition of primary cilia formation in control VAT‐SVFs, HFD caused severe reduction of primary cilia formation and enhancement of adipogenesis in VAT‐SVFs cultures. Flow cytometry analysis revealed percentage of G2/M phase cells and the protein expression of Cyclin A2 and CDK2 increased in control VAT‐SVFs by knockdown of primary cilia with shRNA or chemical methods and HFD induced obese VAT‐SVFs. In conclusion, the expression of primary cilia was in reverse correlation with adipogenic differentiation. HFD caused severe defects of primary cilia in VAT‐SVFs, leading to adipose tissue expansion by enhancement of adipogenesis through promoting cell cycle re‐entry at the early stage of adipogenesis.
The performance of T‐cell Xtend reagent in increasing blood storage times for interferon gamma release assays
Authors: Li Junlian , Liu Yan , Ma Liyamu , Gu Libike , Wang Quan , Xu Miao , Ma Ruiying , Zhang Yali , Yang Zhenping , Deng Junjie , Yi Xing 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundT‐cell Xtend (TCX) was introduced to extend the blood storage time for T‐SPOT.TB test, a widely used commercial interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) for rapid in vitro tuberculosis.MethodsA total of 99 Uyghur suspected tuberculosis patients were recruited in this study. T‐SPOT.TB test was performed with fresh blood (controls), 36 hours delayed blood and delayed and TCX‐treated (at 36 hours) blood from each patient, respectively.ResultsWhite blood cells and lymphocytes proportion in peripheral blood mononuclear cells s and spot‐forming cells in positive control wells decreased significantly in delayed blood samples when compared with controls, while this decrease was not detected in TCX‐treated group. In the 58 patients with paired T‐SPOT.TB results of three groups of samples, a higher positive rate was observed in TCX‐treated group than both in controls and untreated group (41.4% vs 37.9% and 25.9%). The concordance of T‐SPOT.TB results between the treated group and controls was 0.856, whereas the agreement between controls and untreated group was unsatisfactory (0.649). In the 23 elderly patients (>70 years old) with paired T‐SPOT.TB results of controls and TCX group, treated group showed a non‐significant trend toward higher positive rate than controls (43.5% vs 26.1%, P=.22). Meanwhile, TCX treatment reduced the risk of false negative T‐SPOT.TB results in the elderly population.ConclusionDeterioration of blood sample caused by long storage time can be neutralized by TCX treatment. The results provide data for the utility of TCX in a novel population and in Asian region, and reveal the potential of TCX to improve the accuracy of T‐SPOT.TB test in elderly population.
Association between clinical characteristics and the diagnostic accuracy of circulating single‐molecule amplification and resequencing technology on detection epidermal growth factor receptor mutation status in plasma of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Shi Chao , Zheng Yan , Li Yin , Sun Haibo , Liu Shilei 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related mortality in the world. Circulating single‐molecule amplification and resequencing technology (cSMART) can successfully detect epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, few studies have investigated the association between clinical characteristics and the diagnostic accuracy of cSMART technique in lung adenocarcinoma.MethodsWe enrolled 95 patients, which included paraffin embedded tumor tissues and matched plasma samples. Retrospectively analyzed the correlation between clinical characteristics and sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of cSMART.ResultsOf the 95 lung adenocarcinoma cancer patients, 49 (51.5%) and 40 (42.1%) harbored EGFR mutations respectively in tissue and plasma. In younger than 60 years group, sensitivity, specificity and consistency for cSMART were 81.0%, 100%, and 90.9% (P<.001). In metastasis group, sensitivity, specificity, and consistency for cSMART were 92.9%, 77.8%, and 87.0% (P=.001). By univariate analysis, younger than 60 years (OR=5.938; 95% confidence interval: 1.835‐19.210; P=.001); metastasis group (OR=4.482; 95% confidence interval: 1.432‐14.024; P=.007) were significantly correlated with a higher accuracy. By multivariate analysis, younger than 60 years (P=.003) and metastasis (P=.004) were confirmed as independent factors for diagnostic accuracy of EGFR mutation in plasma through cSMART.ConclusioncSMART is feasible for detection EGFR mutation in plasma when tissue is unavailable. Age and metastasis might be considered as independent factors in diagnostic accuracy of cSMART in lung adenocarcinoma.
Severity of Suicidal Ideation Matters: Reexamining Correlates of Suicidal Ideation Using Quantile Regression
Authors: Rogers Megan L. , Joiner Thomas E. 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveNumerous risk factors have been identified for suicidal ideation, including perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, agitation, insomnia, nightmares, cognitive anxiety sensitivity, and rumination. However, the complexity of these associations has not been well studied; the magnitude of these effects may vary at differing levels of suicidal ideation. The present study reexamined established risk factors for suicidal ideation using quantile regression, a statistical technique that calculates the effect at numerous quantiles of suicidal ideation, as opposed to the average effect across all quantiles.MethodA sample of 354 psychiatric outpatients (61.3% female, meanage = 27.01 years, standard deviation = 10.40) completed self‐report measures of their suicidal ideation and related risk factors prior to their initial intake appointments.ResultsThe relationship between each suicide risk factor and suicidal ideation was strongest at higher (.9 quantile), as opposed to nonexistent (.5 quantile) and low‐moderate (.7 quantile), levels of suicidal ideation. The interaction proposed by the interpersonal theory of suicide was significant at nonexistent and low‐moderate, but not high, levels of suicidal ideation.ConclusionOur findings indicated that predictors of suicidal ideation differed in magnitude at varying levels of suicidal ideation. Implications, limitations, and future research directions are discussed.
Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of nondysraphic intramedullary lipomas: A case report
Authors: Shang Ning , Ma Qiuping , Ouyang Chunyan , Zhang Jiali , Han Penghui , Yu Gang 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTNondysraphic intramedullary lipomas of the spinal cord are rare, and there are currently no reports of their observation in utero. Here, we present the sonographic (US) findings in such a case. Four intraspinal hyperechoic masses were observed on US on the dorsal aspect of the fetal spine in a 30‐year‐old woman at 30 weeks' gestation. Findings were consistent with those of prenatal MRI and were confirmed on autopsy after induced abortion. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 46:278–281, 2018
Novel 4(3H)‐Quinazolinone Derivatives Containing an Isoxazole Moiety: Design, Synthesis, and Bioactivity Evaluation
Authors: Xiang Wang , Cheng‐hao Tang , Guo‐lan Wei , Jie‐feng Long 
Published: July 2017

The aim of the present study is to design and synthesize a series of novel 4(3H)‐quinazolinone derivatives containing an isoxazole moiety and evaluate their antifungal activity against Gibberella zeae (G. zeae), Fusarium oxysporum (F. oxysporum), Cytospora mandshurica (C. mandshurica), Phytophthora infestans (P. infestans), and Pellicularia sasakii (P. sasakii), and their antibacterial activity against Ralstonia solanacearum (R. solanacearum) and Xanthomomu oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Bioassay results showed that the target compounds 8a–8o had certain antifungal activities against the test fungus at the concentration of 50 μg/mL, which were lower than those of Hymexazol and Epoxiconazole. Meanwhile, preliminary bioassay results showed that compounds 8a–8o had better antibacterial activity against R. solanacearum and Xoo at 200 and 100 μg/mL. In particular, compound 8i exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Xoo in vitro, with an inhibition rate of 100% at 200 μg/mL, which was superior to those of Bismerthiazol (72%) and Thiodiazole copper (35%).