bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Headaches and myofascial temporomandibular disorders: overlapping entities, separate managements?
Authors: Conti P. C. R. , Costa Y. M. , Gonçalves D. A. , Svensson P. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThere are relevant clinical overlaps between some of the painful temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and headache conditions that may hamper the diagnostic process and treatment. A non‐systematic search for studies on the relationship between TMD and headaches was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase. Important pain mechanisms contributing to the close association and complex relationship between TMD and headache disorders are as follows: processes of peripheral and central sensitisation which take place in similar anatomical areas, the possible impairment of the descending modulatory pain pathways and the processes of referred pain. In addition, the clinical examination does not always provide distinguishing information to differentiate between headaches and TMD. So, considering the pathophysiology and the clinical presentation of some types of headache and myofascial TMD, such overlap can be considered not only a matter of comorbid relationship, but rather a question of disorders where the distinction lines are sometimes hard to identify. These concerns are certainly reflected in the current classification systems of both TMD and headache where the clinical consequences of diagnosis such as headache attributed to or associated with TMD are uncertain. There are several similarities in terms of therapeutic strategies used to manage myofascial TMD and headaches. Considering all these possible levels of interaction, we reinforce the recommendation for multidisciplinary approaches, by a team of oro‐facial pain specialists and a neurologist (headache specialist), to attain the most precise differential diagnosis and initiate the best and most efficient treatment.
Differences of brain electrical activity between moderate and severe obstructive sleep apneic patients: a LORETA study
Authors: Toth Marton , Kondakor Istvan , Faludi Bela 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThe effects of initiation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy on electroencephalographic (EEG) background activity were investigated in patients exhibiting both moderate (n = 13) and severe (n = 12) obstructive sleep apnea syndromes in the testing of the potential differences of alterations of brain electrical activity caused by chronic hypoxia between these two groups. A normal control group (n = 14) was also examined. Two EEG examinations were achieved in each group: before and after first‐time CPAP therapy. Low‐resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) was implemented towards localizing the generators of EEG activity in separate frequency bands. Prior to CPAP treatment, as a common direction of change, analysis with LORETA demonstrated increased activity in comparison with the patient and control groups. In the moderate group, significant changes were detected in the alpha2 band in the posterior cingulate cortex as well as in the beta1 band in the right posterior parietal cortex and the left supramarginal gyrus. In the severe group, significant changes were found in theta and alpha1 bands in the posterior cingulate cortex. Following CPAP treatment, these significant differences vanished in the severe group. In the moderate group, significantly decreased activity was seen in the beta3 band in the right fusiform gyrus. These findings potentially suggest a normalizing effect of CPAP therapy on EEG background activity in both groups of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients. Compensatory alterations of brain electrical activity in regions associated with influencing successful memory retrieval, emotional perception, default mode network, anorexia and fear network caused by chronic intermittent hypoxia could possibly be reversed with the use of CPAP therapy.
The cardiopulmonary effects and quality of anesthesia after induction with alfaxalone in 2‐hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin in dogs and cats: a systematic review
Authors: Chiu K. W. , Robson S. , Devi J. L. , Woodward A. , Whittem T. 
Published: May 2016

To systematically review the quality of evidence comparing the cardiopulmonary effects and quality of anesthesia after induction with alfaxalone vs. other anesthetic agents in dogs and cats. Studies published from 2001 until 20th May 2013 were identified with the terms ‘alfaxan’ OR ‘alfaxalone’ OR ‘alphaxalone’ in electronic databases: Discovery, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Wiley Interscience. The study design and risk of bias of all included studies were assessed. Twenty‐two studies from 408 (22 of 408, 5.39%) satisfied the inclusion criteria. Fourteen studies (14 of 22, 64%) focused on dogs and nine (9 of 22, 40%) on cats. One study had both dogs and cats as subjects. (Hunt et al., 2013) Twelve studies were rated an LOE1, and six of these as ROB1. One, seven, and two studies were rated as LOE2, LOE3, and LOE5, respectively. In dogs, strong evidence shows that induction quality with either alfaxalone‐HPCD or propofol is smooth. Moderate evidence supports this finding in cats. In dogs, moderate evidence shows that there is no significant change in heart rate after induction with either alfaxalone‐HPCD or propofol. In cats, moderate evidence shows no significant difference in postinduction respiratory rate and heart rate between alfaxalone‐HPCD and propofol induction. Strong evidence shows dogs and cats have smooth recoveries after induction using either alfaxalone‐HPCD or propofol, before reaching sternal recumbency.
Depletion of florfenicol in lactating dairy cows after intramammary and subcutaneous administration
Authors: Kawalek J. C. , Howard K. D. , Jones Y. , Scott M. L. , Myers M. J. 
Published: May 2016

Eighteen Holstein dairy cows ranging in body weight from 500–700 kg and with an average milk yield of 37 ± 6 kg/day were used to investigate the depletion of florfenicol (FFL) in milk and plasma of dairy cows. Three groups of six were administered FFL: Group A, intramammary (IMM) infusion of ~2.5 mg FFL/kg BW at three consecutive milking intervals (total amount of ~7.5 mg/kg BW); Group B, one IMM infusion (20 mg/kg BW) into one quarter and Group C, one subcutaneous (SC) treatment (40 mg/kg BW). IMM infusions were into the right front quarter. Cows were milked daily at 06:00 and 18:00 h. The highest concentrations (Cmax) and time to Cmax (Tmax) were: 1.6 ± 2.2 μg·FFL/mL milk at 22 h (Group A), 5.5 ± 3.6 μg·FFL/mL milk at 12 h (Group B), and 1.7 ± 0.4 μg·FFL/mL milk at 12 h (Group C). The half‐lives (t1/2) were ~19, 5.5, and 60 h, for Groups A, B, and C, respectively. FFL was below the limit of detection (LOD) by 60 h in three Group B cows, but above the LOD at 72, 84, and 120 h in three cows. FFL was above the LOD in milk from Group C's cows for 432–588 h. Plasma values followed the same trends as milk. The results demonstrate that IMM‐infused FFL is bioavailable and below the LOD within 72–120 h. The concentration of FFL was detectable in both plasma and milk over the course of 2–3 weeks after SC administration. The absence of residue depletion data presents problems in determining safe levels of FFL residues in milk and edible tissues. The data presented here must not be construed as approval for extra‐label use in food animals.
The effect of daily zinc and/or multivitamin supplements on early childhood development in Tanzania: results from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Locks Lindsey M. , Manji Karim P. , McDonald Christine M. , Kupka Roland , Kisenge Rodrick , Aboud Said , Wang Molin , Bellinger David C. , Fawzi Wafaie W. , Duggan Christopher P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractImpaired childhood development has lifelong consequences for educational attainment and wage‐earning potential. Micronutrient supplements have the potential to improve development. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of daily zinc and/or multivitamin (vitamins C, E and B‐complex) supplements on development among Tanzanian infants. In this randomized, 2 × 2 factorial, double‐blind trial, 2400 infants were randomized to zinc (Zn), multivitamins (MV), zinc and multivitamins (Zn + MV) or placebo at 6 weeks of age. At approximately 15 months, a sub‐sample of 247 children underwent developmental assessment using the cognitive, language (receptive and expressive) and motor (fine and gross) scales of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development Third Edition (BSID‐III). Mean BSID‐III scores were compared using univariate and multivariate linear regression models adjusted for child's sex, post‐conceptual age and test administrator. Logistic regressions were used to assess odds of low developmental scores. We did not detect a significant difference in mean BSID‐III scores in any of the five domains in univariate or multivariate models comparing each of the four treatment groups. We also did not detect a significant difference in mean BSID‐III scores when comparing children who received zinc supplements versus those who did not, or in comparisons of children who received multivitamin supplements versus those who did not. There was no significant difference in odds of a low BSID‐III score in any of the five domains in treatment arms either. Because neither daily zinc nor multivitamin (vitamins B‐complex, C and E) supplementation led to improvements in any of the developmental domains assessed using the BSID‐III, we recommend pursuing alternative interventions to promote early childhood development in vulnerable populations. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Microsatellite allele sizes alone are insufficient to delineate species boundaries in Symbiodinium
Authors: Howells E. J. , Willis B. L. , Bay L. K. , van Oppen M. J. H. 
Published: May 2016

Symbiodinium are a diverse group of unicellular dinoflagellates that are important nutritional symbionts of reef‐building corals. Symbiodinium putative species (‘types’) are commonly identified with genetic markers, mostly nuclear and chloroplast encoded ribosomal DNA regions. Population genetic analyses using microsatellite loci have provided insights into Symbiodinium biogeography, connectivity and phenotypic plasticity, but are complicated by: (i) a lack of consensus criteria used to delineate inter‐ vs. intragenomic variation within species; and (ii) the high density of Symbiodinium in host tissues, which results in single samples comprising thousands of individuals. To address this problem, Wham & LaJeunesse (2016) present a method for identifying cryptic Symbiodinium species from microsatellite data based on correlations between allele size distributions and nongeographic genetic structure. Multilocus genotypes that potentially do not recombine in sympatry are interpreted as secondary ‘species’ to be discarded from downstream population genetic analyses. However, Symbiodinium species delineations should ideally incorporate multiple physiological, ecological and molecular criteria. This is because recombination tests may be a poor indicator of species boundaries in Symbiodinium due to their predominantly asexual mode of reproduction. Furthermore, discontinuous microsatellite allele sizes in sympatry may be explained by secondary contact between previously isolated populations and by mutations that occur in a nonstepwise manner. Limitations of using microsatellites alone to delineate species are highlighted in earlier studies that demonstrate occasional bimodal distributions of allele sizes within Symbiodinium species and considerable allele size sharing among Symbiodinium species. We outline these issues and discuss the validity of reinterpretations of our previously published microsatellite data from Symbiodinium populations on the Great Barrier Reef (Howells et al. 2013).
Integration host factor and LuxR synergistically bind DNA to coactivate quorum‐sensing genes in Vibrio harveyi
Authors: Chaparian Ryan R. , Olney Stephen G. , Hustmyer Christine M. , Rowe‐Magnus Dean A. , van Kessel Julia C. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThe cell–cell signaling process called quorum sensing allows bacteria to control behaviors in response to changes in population density. In Vibrio harveyi, the master quorum‐sensing transcription factor LuxR is a member of the TetR family of transcription factors that both activates and represses genes to coordinate group behaviors, including bioluminescence. Here, we show that integration host factor (IHF) is a key coactivator of the luxCDABE bioluminescence genes that is required together with LuxR for precise timing and expression levels of bioluminescence during quorum sensing. IHF binds to multiple sites in the luxCDABE promoter and bends the DNA in vitro. IHF and LuxR synergistically bind luxCDABE promoter DNA at overlapping, essential binding sites that are required for maximal gene expression in vivo. RNA‐seq analysis demonstrated that IHF regulates 300 genes in V. harveyi, and among these are a core set of 19 genes that are also directly bound and regulated by LuxR. We validated these global analyses by demonstrating that both IHF and LuxR are required for transcriptional activation of the osmotic stress response genes betIBA‐proXWV. These data suggest that IHF plays an integral role in one mechanism of transcriptional activation by the LuxR‐type family of quorum‐sensing regulators in vibrios.
Thomas Aquinas and John Owen on the beatific vision: A Reply to Suzanne McDonald
Authors: Gaine Simon Francis 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIt has been shown that the thirteenth-century Dominican friar, St Thomas Aquinas, was an important theological influence on John Owen, the seventeenth-century English puritan theologian, chaplain to Oliver Cromwell, and Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University, especially in the areas of the divine being, grace and Chalcedonian Christology. Suzanne McDonald has argued that, while Aquinas is unmistakably a source for Owen's doctrine of the beatific vision, Owen surpassed Aquinas's doctrine in a manner she judges to be correct, theologically speaking, and which exposes the deficiency of Aquinas's account. Owen achieved this particular ‘Reforming’ or rather ‘re-forming’ of Aquinas's doctrine, she argues, by way of a ‘Christological re-orientation of the doctrine’ in terms of what is seen in the beatific vision and how it is seen, that is, its content and means. This article replies to McDonald from a Catholic and Thomist perspective, in response to her suggestion that Owen's account of the beatific vision opens up possibilities for ecumenical dialogue. The article attempts to achieve this first by reassessing the Christological contrasts McDonald draws between Owen and Aquinas in terms of content and means, and then by offering several suggestions as to why one might want to prefer Aquinas's account over Owen's.
Are trees able to grow in periods of stem shrinkage?
Authors: Zweifel Roman , Haeni Matthias , Buchmann Nina , Eugster Werner 
Published: May 2016

Summary

Separating continuously measured stem radius (SR) fluctuations into growth‐induced irreversible stem expansion (GRO) and tree water deficit‐induced reversible stem shrinkage (TWD) requires a conceptualization of potential growth processes that may occur during periods of shrinking and expanding SR below a precedent maximum. Here, we investigated two physiological concepts: the linear growth (LG) concept, assuming linear growth, versus the zero growth (ZG) concept, assuming no growth during periods of stem shrinkage.

We evaluated the physiological mechanisms underlying these two concepts and assessed their respective plausibilities using SR data obtained from 15 deciduous and evergreen trees.

The application of the LG concept produced steady growth rates, whereas growth rates varied strongly under the ZG concept, more in accordance with mechanistic expectations. Further, growth increased for a maximum of 120 min after periods of stem shrinkage, indicating limited growth activity during those periods. However, this extra growth was found to be a small fraction of total growth only. Furthermore, TWD under the ZG concept was better explained by a hydraulic plant model than TWD under the LG concept.

We conclude that periods of stem shrinkage allow for very little growth in the four tree species investigated. However, further studies should focus on obtaining independent growth data to ultimately validate these findings.
Diversity in plant hydraulic traits explains seasonal and inter‐annual variations of vegetation dynamics in seasonally dry tropical forests
Authors: Xu Xiangtao , Medvigy David , Powers Jennifer S. , Becknell Justin M. , Guan Kaiyu 
Published: May 2016

Summary

We assessed whether diversity in plant hydraulic traits can explain the observed diversity in plant responses to water stress in seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTFs).

The Ecosystem Demography model 2 (ED2) was updated with a trait‐driven mechanistic plant hydraulic module, as well as novel drought‐phenology and plant water stress schemes. Four plant functional types were parameterized on the basis of meta‐analysis of plant hydraulic traits. Simulations from both the original and the updated ED2 were evaluated against 5 yr of field data from a Costa Rican SDTF site and remote‐sensing data over Central America.

The updated model generated realistic plant hydraulic dynamics, such as leaf water potential and stem sap flow. Compared with the original ED2, predictions from our novel trait‐driven model matched better with observed growth, phenology and their variations among functional groups. Most notably, the original ED2 produced unrealistically small leaf area index (LAI) and underestimated cumulative leaf litter. Both of these biases were corrected by the updated model. The updated model was also better able to simulate spatial patterns of LAI dynamics in Central America.

Plant hydraulic traits are intercorrelated in SDTFs. Mechanistic incorporation of plant hydraulic traits is necessary for the simulation of spatiotemporal patterns of vegetation dynamics in SDTFs in vegetation models.
Vitamin D levels in allergic rhinitis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kim Yoon Hee , Kim Kyung Won , Kim Min Jung , Sol In Suk , Yoon Seo Hee , Ahn Hyeong Sik , Kim Hyun Jung , Sohn Myung Hyun , Kim Kyu‐Earn 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to systematically review observational studies investigating the relationship between vitamin D levels and allergic rhinitis (AR).MethodsStudies were selected if they evaluated the relationship between vitamin D levels and AR, and included studies that evaluated other allergic conditions if those studies also contained data on AR. We assessed the incidence and prevalence of AR according to vitamin D levels and compared vitamin D levels in patients with AR to levels in controls.ResultsNineteen studies were selected. Of these, only seven focused solely on AR; 10 studies evaluated the other allergic diseases as well as AR; and two studies evaluated asthma primarily, but also included data on patients with AR. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) for the incidence of AR according to vitamin D levels were not statistically significant for either children or adults. Lower vitamin D levels were associated with a higher AR prevalence only in children (pooled OR [95% confidence interval (CI)], 0.75 [0.58, 0.98]). The pooled mean vitamin D level in patients with AR was lower than that of controls only in children (pooled means difference [95% CI], −7.63 [−13.08, −2.18]).ConclusionsPrior vitamin D levels were not related to developing AR, but lower vitamin D levels were associated with a higher AR prevalence only in children. There is insufficient evidence to support vitamin D supplementation for AR prevention. However, physicians should consider evaluating patients for vitamin D deficiency during AR management, especially in children.
Breeding for increased nitrogen‐use efficiency: a review for wheat (T. aestivum L.)
Authors: Cormier Fabien , Foulkes John , Hirel Bertrand , Gouache David , Moënne‐Loccoz Yvan , Le Gouis Jacques 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNitrogen fertilizer is the most used nutrient source in modern agriculture and represents significant environmental and production costs. In the meantime, the demand for grain increases and production per area has to increase as new cultivated areas are scarce. In this context, breeding for an efficient use of nitrogen became a major objective. In wheat, nitrogen is required to maintain a photosynthetically active canopy ensuring grain yield and to produce grain storage proteins that are generally needed to maintain a high end‐use quality. This review presents current knowledge of physiological, metabolic and genetic factors influencing nitrogen uptake and utilization in the context of different nitrogen management systems. This includes the role of root system and its interactions with microorganisms, nitrate assimilation and its relationship with photosynthesis as postanthesis remobilization and nitrogen partitioning. Regarding nitrogen‐use efficiency complexity, several physiological avenues for increasing it were discussed and their phenotyping methods were reviewed. Phenotypic and molecular breeding strategies were also reviewed and discussed regarding nitrogen regimes and genetic diversity.
Serum C‐reactive protein in food protein‐induced enterocolitis syndrome versus food protein‐induced proctocolitis in Japan
Authors: Kimura Mitsuaki , Shimomura Masaki , Morishita Hideaki , Meguro Takaaki , Seto Shiro 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundSome infants with food protein‐induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) have increased serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) and fever in Japan. The aim of this study was therefore to clarify and compare the incidence of this in patients with FPIES versus patients with food protein‐induced proctocolitis (FPIP).MethodsOne hundred and sixteen infants with non‐IgE‐mediated gastrointestinal food allergies were enrolled in this study and classified into three phenotypes: FPIES presenting with vomiting and/or diarrhea (n = 47); FPIP with bloody stool alone (n =19); and the mixed phenotype (MP), bloody stool with vomiting and/or diarrhea (n = 50).ResultsSerum CRP was increased in 55.3% of the FPIES group, similar to that in the MP group (54.0%), and significantly higher than in the FPIP group (15.8%; P < 0.01). Fever was observed in 29.8% of the FPIES group, significantly higher than in the MP group (8.0%; P < 0.01) and in the FPIP group (0%; P < 0.05). Patients with fever had significantly higher serum CRP than patients without fever (median, 12.8 vs <0.2 mg/dL, P < 0.00001).ConclusionsSerum CRP was significantly higher in the FPIES group than in the FPIP group. This suggests that serum CRP is a useful marker for differentiating the pathogenesis of FPIES from FPIP. From the perspective of serum CRP, the pathology of the intestinal inflammation in MP subjects is suggested to be similar to that of FPIES.