bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population differences in morphological and anatomical traits of Pinus mugo Turra needles from the Polish part of the Tatra Mountains
Authors: Pawlaczyk Ewa M. , Bączkiewicz Alina , Wawrzyniak Piotr , Czołpińska Magdalena , Gonera Patrycja , Buczkowska-Chmielewska Katarzyna 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The main aim of this study was to describe the variation between the populations of the dwarf mountain pine Pinus mugo Turra based on the morphological and anatomical traits of their needles, and to investigate the relationship between the observed variation and environmental conditions (altitude and substrate). Two-year-old needles were collected from 180 individuals of six populations of P. mugo growing in the Tatra Mts. Two populations were classified as dense, located at 1360–1450 m altitude, and the remaining four formed loose clusters and were situated at 1500–1650 m altitude. Four of the populations are growing on granite and two on a limestone substrate. The natural variation of 10 morpho-anatomical and 3 synthetic needle traits was measured. In addition to descriptive statistics, the analyses of variance (ANOVA) with a Tukey test and principal component analysis were computed. We also estimated Pearson correlation coefficients for the examined needle traits and altitude as well as substrate. Our results indicate that the P. mugo populations differ significantly with regard to the investigated traits for which the Trzydniowiański Wierch population was the most distinct. The observed pattern of variability is largely caused by differences in stomatal traits and these features are positive correlated with altitude. Additionally, populations growing on granite have larger values for most of the examined traits compared to populations growing on limestone.
Modal composition and tectonic provenance of the sandstones of Ecca Group, Karoo Supergroup in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Baiyegunhi Christopher , Liu Kuiwu , Gwavava Oswald 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPetrography of the sandstones of Ecca Group, Karoo Supergroup in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa have been investigated on composition, provenance and influence of weathering conditions. Petrographic studies based on quantitative analysis of the detrital minerals revealed that the sandstones are composed mostly of quartz, feldspar and lithic fragments of metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. The sandstones have an average framework composition of 24.3% quartz, 19.3% feldspar, 26.1% rock fragments, and 81.33% of the quartz grains are monocrystalline. These sandstones are generally very fine to fine grained, moderate to well sorted, and subangular to subrounded in shape. In addition, they are compositionally immature and can be classified as feldspathic wacke and lithic wacke. The provenance characteristics suggest the influence of plutonic and metamorphic terrains (meta-magmatic arc) as the main source rock with minor debris derived from recycled sedimentary rocks. The latter revealed that the compositional immaturity of the sandstones is a result of weathering or recycling and short transport distance. The weathering diagrams and semi-quantitative weathering index indicate that the Ecca sandstones are mostly from a plutonic source area, with climatic conditions ranging from arid to humid. The detrital modal compositions of these sandstones are related to back arc to island and continental margin arc. These results, therefore, support previous studies that infer foreland basin setting for the Karoo Basin.
Stratigraphic and tectonic control of deep-water scarp accumulation in Paleogene synorogenic basins: a case study of the Súľov Conglomerates (Middle Váh Valley, Western Carpathians)
Authors: Soták Ján , Pulišová Zuzana , Plašienka Dušan , Šimonová Viera 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The Súľov Conglomerates represent mass-transport deposits of the Súľov-Domaniža Basin. Their lithosomes are intercalated by claystones of late Thanetian (Zones P3 - P4), early Ypresian (Zones P5 - E2) and late Ypresian to early Lutetian (Zones E5 - E9) age. Claystone interbeds contain rich planktonic and agglutinated microfauna, implying deep-water environments of gravity-flow deposition. The basin was supplied by continental margin deposystems, and filled with submarine landslides, fault-scarp breccias, base-of-slope aprons, debris-flow lobes and distal fans of debrite and turbidite deposits. Synsedimentary tectonics of the Súľov-Domaniža Basin started in the late Thanetian - early Ypresian by normal faulting and disintegration of the orogenic wedge margin. Fault-related fissures were filled by carbonate bedrock breccias and banded crystalline calcite veins (onyxites). The subsidence accelerated during the Ypresian and early Lutetian by gravitational collapse and subcrustal tectonic erosion of the CWC plate. The basin subsided to lower bathyal up to abyssal depth along with downslope accumulation of mass-flow deposits. Tectonic inversion of the basin resulted from the Oligocene - early Miocene transpression (σ1 rotated from NW-SE to NNW-SSE), which changed to a transpressional regime during the Middle Miocene (σ1 rotated from NNE-SSW to NE-SW). Late Miocene tectonics were dominated by an extensional regime with σ3 axis in NNW-SSE orientation.
Law versus Cybercrime
Authors: Luis Cordova José Grabiel , Correa Álvarez Pascual Felipe , Echerri Ferrandiz Fernando de Jesús , Pérez-Bravo Julio César 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Nowadays, Cybercrime is one of the most dangerous and harmful of crimes. States must improve their fighting strategies against this phenomenon in order to protect society and its own integrity. This research, entitled “Law vs Cybercrime” aims to systematize the proceedings for confronting Cybercrime in modern legal systems and to analyze the Cuban legal framework for Cybercrime. This essay analyzes the theoretical and definitional foundations of Cybercrime, the challenges with controlling cybercrime-related acts presents to legal systems, attempts to systematize the proceedings for confronting Cybercrime in modern states legal systems as well as the international legal systems, and finally, analyzes the current Cuban legal regulations against Cybercrime. At the end of the essay can be found the conclusions according to the objectives of this investigation.
POSSIBILITIES OF THE USE OF WORKING SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUSES FILTRATING CARBON MONOXIDE IN THE PRACTICE OF MINE RESCUE SERVICES
Authors: Pavelek Zdeněk 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
In the current practice of the Mining Rescue Service of the Czech Republic, since 2005, the insulated overpressure regenerative breathing apparatuses with a closed circuit and supply of medicinal oxygen are used as the backbone working breathing apparatuses. At the end of the year 2010, the compressed-air breathing apparatuses were introduced into the practice of the Mining Rescue Service of the Czech Republic, which, in precisely defined types of mine rescue service interventions and under precisely defined conditions, can replace the aforementioned backbone working insulated overpressure regenerative breathing apparatuses. Recently, mining rescue services in deep coal mines have been more and more often conducted under conditions of an irrespirable mine atmosphere containing high concentrations of carbon monoxide, but at the same time containing sufficient oxygen for the breathing physiology of mine rescuer (for example, interventions dealing with the disposal of machinery under conditions of occurrence of endogenous mining fire of coal). This fact, after a long time, has resumed again the discussion of miners' rescue experts about whether it would be possible to implement the use of breathing apparatuses filtrating carbon monoxide into practice by the Mining Rescue Services of the Czech Republic in order to ensure a sufficient level of safety for mining rescuers even in an unexpected and rapid decline of the oxygen amount in the mine air at the site of the mine rescue service. The benefit of the breathing apparatuses filtrating carbon monoxide is their significantly lower weight, long protection period and also significantly smaller dimensions and design variability of the device. The disadvantages are higher breathing resistances and a higher temperature of the air mass inhaled from the breathing apparatus filtrating carbon monoxide.
Process optimization of lignin conversion into value added chemicals by thermochemical pretreatment and electrooxidation on a stainless steel anode
Authors: Singh Sandeep , Ghatak Himadri Roy 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWheat straw soda lignin was subjected to thermochemical (TC) pretreatment at low to moderate temperatures followed by electrooxidation (EO) on an SS-304 anode to produce some value-added organic chemicals. The influence of independent process variables on the product yield of major organic chemical groups, namely, aromatic carbonyl compounds (COarom), aromatic hydrocarbons (HCarom), and aliphatic hydrocarbons (HCaliph), was studied. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the process conditions for maximizing the amount of chemical production according to the Box-Behnken experimental design (BBD). For COarom, the optimal conditions were 2 h TC pretreatment at 200°C followed by 12 h of EO at 2.24 mA cm−2current density to yield 24.7% of desired products. The optimized synthesis conditions for HCaromare 2 h TC treatment at 200°C yielding 16.1% desired products. As individual compounds, vanillin, acetosyringone, syringaldehyde, acetovanillone,o-xylene and toluene were significantly produced in different product groups. A small amount of organosilicon compounds (ORGSi) and HCaliphwas also produced.
Self-limitation as the basis of environmentally sustainable care of the self
Authors: Sťahel Richard 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
When we abandon the neoliberal fiction that one is independent on the grounds that it is a-historic and antisocial, we realize that everyone is dependent and interdependent. In a media-driven society the self-identity of the individual is formed within the framework of the culture-ideology of consumerism from early childhood. As a result, both the environmental and social destruction have intensified. In the global era, or in the era of the global environmental crisis, self-identity as a precondition for environmentally sustainable care of the self should be based on the culture-ideology of human rights and responsibilities, and on conscious self-limitation which realizes that one’s prosperity and security cannot come at the expense of others. Care of the self is about ensuring the habitability of the global environment as the primary interest of each individual.
An Accelerated Algorithm for Improvement of Adaptation in Nonlinear Adaptive Control
Authors: Davanipour M. , Javanmardi H. R. , Goodarzi N. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Adaptive control is capable of handling systems with uncertain parameters in terms of asymptotic performance; however, it is not so well in the transient performance. Even though adaptation gain is part of adaptive controller having much effects on the transient response, it has been considered as a constant gain most of the times. In this paper, a new Laypunov-based mechanism is proposed to find optimal values of adaptation gains in nonlinear adaptive control design. The algorithm inspired of the halving method for finding polynomial roots tries to find optimum values of the adaptation gains in a direction of minimizing a cost function. The simulation results show satisfactory performance of the proposed controller especially in terms transient performance.
Comparison of different models for predicting soil bulk density. Case study – Slovakian agricultural soils
Authors: Makovníková Jarmila , Širáň Miloš , Houšková Beata , Pálka Boris , Jones Arwyn 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Soil bulk density is one of the main direct indicators of soil health, and is an important aspect of models for determining agroecosystem services potential. By way of applying multi-regression methods, we have created a distributed prediction of soil bulk density used subsequently for topsoil carbon stock estimation. The soil data used for this study were from the Slovakian partial monitoring system-soil database. In our work, two models of soil bulk density in an equilibrium state, with different combinations of input parameters (soil particle size distribution and soil organic carbon content in %), have been created, and subsequently validated using a data set from 15 principal sampling sites of Slovakian partial monitoring system-soil, that were different from those used to generate the bulk density equations. We have made a comparison of measured bulk density data and data calculated by the pedotransfer equations against soil bulk density calculated according to equations recommended by Joint Research Centre Sustainable Resources for Europe. The differences between measured soil bulk density and the model values vary from −0.144 to 0.135 g cm−3 in the verification data set. Furthermore, all models based on pedotransfer functions give moderately lower values. The soil bulk density model was then applied to generate a first approximation of soil bulk density map for Slovakia using texture information from 17 523 sampling sites, and was subsequently utilised for topsoil organic carbon estimation.
Particle Swarm Optimization for Solving a Class of Type-1 and Type-2 Fuzzy Nonlinear Equations
Authors: Sadiqbatcha Sheriff , Jafarzadeh Saeed , Ampatzidis Yiannis 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This paper proposes a modified particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm that can be used to solve a variety of fuzzy nonlinear equations, i.e. fuzzy polynomials and exponential equations. Fuzzy nonlinear equations are reduced to a number of interval nonlinear equations using alpha cuts. These equations are then sequentially solved using the proposed methodology. Finally, the membership functions of the fuzzy solutions are constructed using the interval results at each alpha cut. Unlike existing methods, the proposed algorithm does not impose any restriction on the fuzzy variables in the problem. It is designed to work for equations containing both positive and negative fuzzy sets and even for the cases when the support of the fuzzy sets extends across 0, which is a particularly problematic case.
Clinical Update. Clinical Presentations of Pulmonary Embolism in the Emergency Department
Authors: Barcan Andreea , Tarta Dorin , Tarta Cristina 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPulmonary embolism (PE) is one of the most severe conditions encountered in the emergency department (ED) and one of the leading causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, especially in patients presenting with hemodynamic instability, right ventricular dysfunction, or necessitating cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The early recognition and treatment of PE is essential, as many studies demonstrated that mortality rates drop significantly if adequate therapy is administered from the early stages. The aim of this update is to summarize the various patterns of PE presentations in the ED.
Mathematical Model Using Soft Computing Techniques for Different Thermal Insulation Materials
Authors: Dixit Anil Kumar , Roul Manmatha K. , Panda Bikash C. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The property of low thermal transmission of the small air gap between the constituents of combined material has been utilized to obtain energy-efficient wall sections. Ferro-cement is a highly versatile form of reinforced concrete made up of wire mesh, sand, water, and cement, which possesses unique qualities of strength and serviceability. The significant intention of the proposed technique is to frame a mathematical model with the aid of optimization techniques. Mathematical modeling is done by minimizing the cost and time consumed in the case of extension of the existing work. Mathematical modeling is utilized to predict the temperature of different walls such as reinforced cement concrete (RCC) wall, ferro-cement, combined RCC with ferro-cement, and combined ferro-cement wall. Different optimization algorithms such as social spider optimization (SSO) and genetic algorithm are utilized to find the optimal weights α and β of the mathematical modeling. All optimum results demonstrate that the attained error values between the output of the experimental values and the predicted values are closely equal to zero in the designed model. The proposed work is compared to the existing method, and from the results, the minimum error of 97.188% is determined by mathematical modeling in the SSO algorithm.
Trees as Ecosystem Engineers Driving Vegetational Restoration/Retrogradation of Industrial Deposits in Cultural Landscape
Authors: Romana Prausová , Michal Štefánek , Ota Rauch , Pavel Kovář 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Industrial processes are marked with various deposits of wastes in landscapes. They are typically characterized by high pollution levels in all their ecosystem components, including soil, water and air. Even more than natural ecosystems, artificial ash and mine tailings containments or industrial dumps are disconnected from nature or agricultural surroundings by their construction geometry. This combination of factors directs such patches of landscape to the isolation (island) effect and hihglighting of land-surface fragmentation. What is the most proper tool serving efficiently for support of sharp boundaries dissolution and comeback of the habitat close to natural one? In the European climatic conditions, trees function as reliable ecosystem engineers under the conditions of keeping sites without human interventions. However, spontaneous colonization and succession include vegetational phases of both increased species diversity (advanced successional stages) and secondary species diversity reduction (successional retrogradation), usually in dependence on the soil-substrate development.
Visible Light Communication – The Journey So Far
Authors: Saadi Muhammad , Wuttisittikulkij Lunchakorn 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
An unprecedented demand for connecting physical objects with the internet expedites the realization of internet of things, thus creating new challenges to explore new spectrums which are suitable for communication. Visible light communication (VLC) is one promising candidate not only to remove the spectrum crunch issues but also to offer virtually unlimited, unregulated spectrum. This paper discusses how VLC can help solving spectrum crunch, non-availability issues of radio frequency spectrum and how readily available spectrum of VLC can be utilized to cope up with the bandwidth requirements of next-generation networks. Furthermore, this paper also lists the technological innovations in the area of VLC from early days till present and its possible applications in various domains.
A novel DAX-1 (NR0B1) mutation in a boy with X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita
Authors: Gerster Karine , Katschnig Claudia , Wyss Sascha , Kolly Anne , Sproll Patrick , Biason-Lauber Anna , Konrad Daniel 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackground:X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita (AHC) is caused by mutations inCase presentation:Herein we report a 2.5-year-old boy who presented with acute adrenal failure. Family history revealed unexplained death in three brothers of the patient’s mother during infancy. Molecular analysis of theConclusions:mutation must be considered when diagnosis of primary adrenocortical insufficiency is made, especially if there is a history of unexplained death of maternal male relatives.
Mapping of soil erodibility and assessment of soil losses using the RUSLE model in the Sebaa Chioukh Mountains (northwest of Algeria)
Authors: Meghraoui Maamar , Habi Mohamed , Morsli Boutkhil , Regagba Mohamed , Seladji Abdelhakim 
Published: November 2017

Abstract In Algeria, erosion and solid transport constitute a major constraint to the development of agriculture and to the management of hydrotechnical works (more than 20% are silted). Due to the irregular rains that characterize the Mediterranean semi-arid zones, the topography of the mountainous areas, the fragility of the soils, the absence of vegetation cover and the inappropriate cropping systems, the Sabaa Chioukh Mountains shows a dissected topography, frequent and violent floods. It is therefore absolutely important and crucial to assess, spatially and quantitatively, the effects of soil erosion in order to face the phenomenon and to propose the best strategies for conservation and land management. This study aims to map the soils erodibility, using remote sensing, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) taking into account the soil types. In order to achieve the objective, we calculated the factors of the RUSLE equation. The results obtained showed that 26,760 ha i.e. 56.58% of our study area are exposed to an annual soil loss of 150 to 200 t·ha-1. These areas are located in fersiallitic soils and vertisols and especially in non-cultivable areas which have high slope values.
The Facilitating State and Economic Development: The Role of the State in New Structural Economics
Authors: Lin Justin Yifu , Wang Xiaobing 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This paper explores the ideas of development and the role of the state in economic development and institutional change from the New Structural Economics perspective. We argue that economic structures – including the structure of technology and industry, and hard and soft infrastructure – are endogenous to the endowment structure, which is given at any specific time and changeable over time. We advocate a state to facilitate structural change by using industrial policy to overcome market failures in order to help industries with latent comparative advantages to become competitive in the market and the state should pragmatically prioritize the use of its limited resources and implementation capability to create enclaves with favourable infrastructure and institution to jump start a dynamic growth in a country beset with poor infrastructure and institution.