bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial Populations Associated with Smokeless Tobacco Products
Authors: Han Jing , Sanad Yasser M. , Deck Joanna , Sutherland John B. , Li Zhong , Walters Matthew J. , Duran Norma , Holman Matthew R. , Foley Steven L. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

There are an estimated 8 million users of smokeless tobacco products (STPs) in the United States, and yet limited data on microbial populations within these products exist. To better understand the potential microbiological risks associated with STP use, a study was conducted to provide a baseline microbiological profile of STPs. A total of 90 samples, representing 15 common STPs, were purchased in metropolitan areas in Little Rock, AR, and Washington, DC, in November 2012, March 2013, and July 2013. Bacterial populations were evaluated using culture, pyrosequencing, and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Moist-snuff products exhibited higher levels of bacteria (average of 1.05 × 10
6
CFU/g STP) and diversity of bacterial populations than snus (average of 8.33 × 10
1
CFU/g STP) and some chewing tobacco products (average of 2.54 × 10
5
CFU/g STP). The most common species identified by culturing were
Bacillus pumilus
,
B. licheniformis
,
B. safensis
, and
B. subtilis
, followed by members of the genera
Oceanobacillus
,
Staphylococcus
, and
Tetragenococcus.
Pyrosequencing analyses of the 16S rRNA genes identified the genera
Tetragenococcus
,
Carnobacterium
,
Lactobacillus
,
Geobacillus
,
Bacillus
, and
Staphylococcus
as the predominant taxa. Several species identified are of possible concern due to their potential to cause opportunistic infections and reported abilities to reduce nitrates to nitrites, which may be an important step in the formation of carcinogenic tobacco-specific N′-nitrosamines. This report provides a microbiological baseline to help fill knowledge gaps associated with microbiological risks of STPs and to inform potential regulations regarding manufacture and testing of STPs.

IMPORTANCE
It is estimated that there 8 million users of smokeless tobacco products (STPs) in the United States; however, there are limited data on microbial populations that exist within these products. The current study was undertaken to better understand the potential microbiological risks associated with STP use and provide a baseline microbiological profile of STPs. Several bacterial species were identified that are of possible concern due to their potential to cause opportunistic infections. In addition, some species have abilities to reduce nitrates to nitrites, which may be an important step in the formation of carcinogenic tobacco-specific N′-nitrosamines. Overall, this report provides a microbiological baseline to help fill knowledge gaps related to the microbiological risks of STPs and to inform potential regulations regarding the manufacture and testing of STPs.
Incidence and duration of type-specific human papillomavirus infection in high-risk HPV-naïve women: results from the control arm of a phase II HPV-16/18 vaccine trial
Authors: Ramanakumar Agnihotram V , Naud Paulo , Roteli-Martins Cecilia M , de Carvalho Newton S , de Borba Paola C , Teixeira Julio C , Blatter Mark , Moscicki Anna-Barbara , Harper Diane M , Romanowski Barbara , Tyring Stephen K , Ramjattan Brian , Schuind Anne , Dubin Gary , Franco Eduardo L 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesPersistence of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) is necessary for cervical carcinogenesis. We evaluated incidence and duration of type-specific HPV infections and the influence of age and number of sexual partners.MethodsData were obtained from 553 women (15–25 years), who were seronegative and DNA-negative for high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) types and were enrolled in the placebo arm of a randomised trial of the HPV-16/18 vaccine (NCT00689741/NCT00120848). They were followed for 6.3 years. Cervicovaginal samples were self-collected at 3-month intervals for up to 27 months, and cervical samples were collected by clinicians at 6-month intervals until study end. Samples were tested for HPV types using a broad-spectrum PCR assay. Incidence rate ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs were used to estimate the association among age, sexual habits and HPV acquisition.ResultsIncidence rates (95% CI) using cervical samples were 11.8 (10.4 to 13.4) and 5.6 (4.7 to 6.6) per 1000 women-months for HR-HPVs and low-risk HPVs (LR-HPVs), respectively. Equivalent rates in combined cervicovaginal and cervical samples were 17.2 (15.4 to 19.2) and 6.9 (5.9 to 8.0), respectively. 54 per cent of HR-HPV types from combined cervicovaginal and cervical samples persisted for 1 year compared with 32.3% for LR-HPV types. The risk of acquiring any HPV infection was higher among women aged <21 years (RR=1.33, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.7) and women having >1 sexual partner (RR=1.83, 95% CI 1.4 to 2.4) at baseline.ConclusionsHR-HPV infections were more common and lasted longer on average than LR-HPV infections. HPV acquisition was more common in younger women with multiple sexual partners.Trial registration numberNCT00689741,NCT00120848; Post-results.
Validation of an algorithm to determine the primary care treatability of emergency department visits
Authors: Jeffery Molly Moore , Bellolio M Fernanda , Wolfson Julian , Abraham Jean M , Dowd Bryan E , Kane Robert L 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesWe propose a new claims-computable measure of the primary care treatability of emergency department (ED) visits and validate it using a nationally representative sample of Medicare data.Study design and settingThis is a validation study using 2011–2012 Medicare claims data for a nationally representative 5% sample of fee-for-service beneficiaries to compare the new measure's performance to the Ballard variant of the Billings algorithm in predicting hospitalisation and death following an ED visit.OutcomesHospitalisation within 1 day or 1 week of an ED visit; death within 1 week or 1 month of an ED visit.ResultsThe Minnesota algorithm is a strong predictor of hospitalisations and deaths, with performance similar to or better than the most commonly used existing algorithm to assess the severity of ED visits. The Billings/Ballard algorithm is a better predictor of death within 1 week of an ED visit; this finding is entirely driven by a small number of ED visits where patients appear to have been dead on arrival.ConclusionsThe procedure-based approach of the Minnesota algorithm allows researchers to use the clinical judgement of the ED physician, who saw the patient to determine the likely severity of each visit. The Minnesota algorithm may thus provide a useful tool for investigating ED use in Medicare beneficiaries.
Analysis of h-index and other bibliometric markers of productivity and repercussion of a selected sample of worldwide emergency medicine researchers
Authors: Miró Òscar , Burbano Pablo , Graham Colin A , Cone David C , Ducharme James , Brown Anthony F T , Martín-Sánchez Francisco Javier 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveTo explore bibliometric markers in a worldwide sample of emergency physician investigators to define global, continental and individual patterns over time.MethodsWe evaluated the number of papers published, citations received, cumulative impact factor and h-index of editorial board members of six international emergency medicine journals. We calculated the individual values for every year of each author's career to evaluate their dynamic evolution. We analysed the results by researcher world area and growth rate.ResultsWe included 107 researchers (76 American, 21 European and 10 Australasian; 46 slow-rate -group C-, 43 medium-rate -group B- and 18 fast-rate growth -group A-). The median experience was 18 (IQR: 12) years, without subgroups differences. Dynamic analysis over time showed good fit with quadratic function in all individual researchers and for all bibliometric markers (R2: 0.505–0.997), with the h-index achieving the best R2. The combined analysis of the h-index of the 107 investigators also fit the quadratic model (R2=0.49). Analysis by predefined continental and growth-rate subgroups allowed defining specific patterns (R2between 0.46–0.54 and 0.80–0.86, respectively): by continents, American researchers' h-index increased 0.632 points per year, European 0.417 and Australasian 0.341; by growth rate, researchers from group A, B and C increased 1.239, 0.683 and 0.320, respectively.ConclusionsDynamic analysis of every individual author indicator over time has a very good fit with a quadratic model, with the h-index achieving the best R2. It is also possible to construct models based on continent and rate of growth that could help to predict future expected outcomes of researchers in a particular subgroup and to classify new emerging researchers by growth rate.
Thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke: estimations of increasing demands
Authors: Kuntze Söderqvist Åsa , Andersson Tommy , Ahmed Niaz , Wahlgren Nils , Kaijser Magnus 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundNew recommendations for mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke suggest that thrombectomy should be considered for eligible patients with a large artery occlusion in the anterior circulation within 6 hours of stroke onset. The resources are unevenly spread and, in order to be able to meet a potentially increased demand, we have estimated the future need for thrombectomy.MethodsThe new treatment recommendations are similar to those that have been in use at the Karolinska University Hospital since 2007. Using our local thrombectomy data (2009–2011), we calculated the proportion of thrombectomies performed at our hospital by level of stroke severity according to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (0–5, 6–11, 12–19, and 20–35). We then estimated the total number of potential thrombectomies expected in Sweden by extrapolating our treatment proportions to the rest of Sweden through the use of data from the Swedish National Stroke Registry.ResultsThe number of potential thrombectomies would have been more than five times higher (1268 estimated compared with 232 actually reported in the National Stroke Registry) if the new recommendations for thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke had been implemented in 2013 (the year from which we had the most recent available data from the Swedish Stroke Registry).ConclusionsWhen the new recommendations are implemented broadly, there may be a substantial increase in demand for thrombectomies. Our study highlights the need for policymakers and healthcare professionals to prepare for the increasing demands for advanced endovascular stroke treatment.
To the exclusion of blow-up in a three-dimensional chemotaxis-growth model with indirect attractant production
Authors: Hu Bingran , Tao Y. 
Published: August 2016

This work considers the chemotaxis-growth system [Formula: see text] in a smoothly bounded domain [Formula: see text], with zero-flux boundary conditions, where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are given positive parameters. In striking contrast to the corresponding three-dimensional two-component chemo-taxis-growth system to which the global existence or blow-up of classical solutions largely remains open when [Formula: see text] is small, it is shown that whenever [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], for any given non-negative and suitably smooth initial data [Formula: see text] satisfying [Formula: see text], the system (⋆) admits a unique global classical solution that is uniformly-in-time bounded, which rules out the possibility of blow-up of solutions in finite time or in infinite time. Moreover, under the fully explicit condition [Formula: see text] the solution [Formula: see text] exponentially converges to the constant stationary solution [Formula: see text] in the norm of [Formula: see text] as [Formula: see text].
Information theoretic sub-network mining characterizes breast cancer subtypes in terms of cancer core mechanisms
Authors: Park Jinwoo , Hur Benjamin , Rhee Sungmin , Lim Sangsoo , Kim Min-Su , Kim Kwangsoo , Han Wonshik , Kim Sun 
Published: August 2016

A breast cancer subtype classification scheme, PAM50, based on genetic information is widely accepted for clinical applications. On the other hands, experimental cancer biology studies have been successful in revealing the mechanisms of breast cancer and now the hallmarks of cancer have been determined to explain the core mechanisms of tumorigenesis. Thus, it is important to understand how the breast cancer subtypes are related to the cancer core mechanisms, but multiple studies are yet to address the hallmarks of breast cancer subtypes. Therefore, a new approach that can explain the differences among breast cancer subtypes in terms of cancer hallmarks is needed. We developed an information theoretic sub-network mining algorithm, differentially expressed sub-network and pathway analysis (DeSPA), that retrieves tumor-related genes by mining a gene regulatory network (GRN) of transcription factors and miRNAs. With extensive experiments of the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) breast cancer sequencing data, we showed that our approach was able to select genes that belong to cancer core pathways such as DNA replication, cell cycle, p53 pathways while keeping the accuracy of breast cancer subtype classification comparable to that of PAM50. In addition, our method produces a regulatory network of TF, miRNA, and their target genes that distinguish breast cancer subtypes, which is confirmed by experimental studies in the literature.
EpCAM-Regulated Transcription Exerts Influences on Nanomechanical Properties of Endometrial Cancer Cells That Promote Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Hsu Ya-Ting , Osmulski Pawel , Wang Yao , Huang Yi-Wen , Liu Lu , Ruan Jianhua , Jin Victor X. , Kirma Nameer B. , Gaczynska Maria E. , Huang Tim Hui-Ming 
Published: August 2016

AbstractOverexpression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) has been implicated in advanced endometrial cancer, but its roles in this progression remain to be elucidated. In addition to its structural role in modulating cell-surface adhesion, here we demonstrate that EpCAM is a regulatory molecule in which its internalization into the nucleus turns on a transcription program. Activation of EGF/EGFR signal transduction triggered cell-surface cleavage of EpCAM, leading to nuclear internalization of its cytoplasmic domain EpICD. ChIP-seq analysis identified target genes that are coregulated by EpICD and its transcription partner, LEF-1. Network enrichment analysis further uncovered a group of 105 genes encoding functions for tight junction, adherent, and cell migration. Furthermore, nanomechanical analysis by atomic force microscopy revealed increased softness and decreased adhesiveness of EGF-stimulated cancer cells, implicating acquisition of an epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype. Thus, genome editing of EpCAM could be associated with altering these nanomechanical properties towards a less aggressive phenotype. Using this integrative genomic–biophysical approach, we demonstrate for the first time an intricate relationship between EpCAM-regulated transcription and altered biophysical properties of cells that promote EMT in advanced endometrial cancer. Cancer Res; 76(21); 6171–82. ©2016 AACR.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Derived Exosomes Stimulate Cycling Quiescence and Early Breast Cancer Dormancy in Bone Marrow
Authors: Bliss Sarah A. , Sinha Garima , Sandiford Oleta A. , Williams Lisa M. , Engelberth Daniel J. , Guiro Khadidiatou , Isenalumhe Leidy L. , Greco Steven J. , Ayer Seda , Bryan Margarette , Kumar Rakesh , Ponzio Nicholas M. , Rameshwar Pranela 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Dormant breast cancers resurge as metastatic disease after a long dormancy period in the bone marrow, where cancer cells interact with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). However, the nature of early interactions between breast cancer cells and MSCs in the bone marrow microenvironment that facilitate adaptation to a quiescent state remains poorly understood. Here, we report that breast cancer cells prime MSC to release exosomes containing distinct miRNA contents, such as miR-222/223, which in turn promotes quiescence in a subset of cancer cells and confers drug resistance. Building on these results, we developed a novel, nontoxic therapeutic strategy to target dormant breast cancer cells based on systemic administration of MSC loaded with antagomiR-222/223. In an immunodeficient mouse model of dormant breast cancer, this therapy sensitized breast cancer cells to carboplatin-based therapy and increased host survival. Overall, our findings illuminate the nature of the regulatory interactions between breast cancer cells and MSCs in the evolution of tumor dormancy and resurgence in the micrometastatic microenvironment of the bone marrow. Cancer Res; 76(19); 5832–44. ©2016 AACR.
SOX9 Elevation Acts with Canonical WNT Signaling to Drive Gastric Cancer Progression
Authors: Santos Juliana Carvalho , Carrasco-Garcia Estefania , Garcia-Puga Mikel , Aldaz Paula , Montes Milagrosa , Fernandez-Reyes Maria , de Oliveira Caroline Candida , Lawrie Charles H , Araúzo-Bravo Marcos J. , Ribeiro Marcelo Lima , Matheu Ander 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Gastric cancer remains one of the leading causes of global cancer mortality due to therapy resistance, with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection being a major risk factor. In this study, we report the significance of an elevation of the stem cell regulator SOX9 in bacteria-infected human gastritis and cancer samples, paralleling increased levels of TNFα. SOX9 elevation was more intense in specimens containing the pathogenically significant cagA+ strains of H. pylori. Notably, we found that SOX9 was required for bacteria-induced gastric cancer cell proliferation, increased levels of β-catenin, and acquisition of stem cell–like properties. Analysis of three large clinical cohorts revealed elevated SOX9 levels in gastric cancer with advanced tumor stage and poor patient survival. Functionally, SOX9 silencing in gastric cancer cells enhanced apoptosis and senescence, concomitantly with a blockade to self-renewal and tumor-initiating capability. Paralleling these effects, we also found SOX9 to mediate cisplatin chemoresistance associated with reduced disease-free survival. Mechanistic interactions between SOX9 and β-catenin expression suggested the existence of a regulatory role for SOX9 targeting the WNT canonical pathway. Taken together, our findings establish the significance of SOX9 in gastric cancer pathobiology and heterogeneity, with implications for targeting WNT–SOX9 signaling as a rational therapeutic strategy. Cancer Res; 76(22); 6735–46. ©2016 AACR.
Postdiagnosis Weight Change and Survival Following a Diagnosis of Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Cespedes Feliciano Elizabeth M. , Kroenke Candyce H. , Bradshaw Patrick T. , Chen Wendy Y. , Prado Carla M. , Weltzien Erin K. , Castillo Adrienne L. , Caan Bette J. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Background: Achieving a healthy weight is recommended for all breast cancer survivors. Previous research on postdiagnosis weight change and mortality had conflicting results.
Methods: We examined whether change in body weight in the 18 months following diagnosis is associated with overall and breast cancer–specific mortality in a cohort of n = 12,590 stage I–III breast cancer patients at Kaiser Permanente using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models. Follow-up was from the date of the postdiagnosis weight at 18 months until death or June 2015 [median follow-up (range): 3 (0–9) years]. We divided follow-up into earlier (18–54 months) and later (&gt;54 months) postdiagnosis periods.
Results: Mean (SD) age-at-diagnosis was 59 (11) years. A total of 980 women died, 503 from breast cancer. Most women maintained weight within 5% of diagnosis body weight; weight loss and gain were equally common at 19% each. Compared with weight maintenance, large losses (≥10%) were associated with worse survival, with HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all-cause death of 2.63 (2.12–3.26) earlier and 1.60 (1.14–2.25) later in follow-up. Modest losses (&gt;5%–&lt;10%) were associated with worse survival earlier [1.39 (1.11–1.74)] but not later in follow-up [0.77 (0.54–1.11)]. Weight gain was not related to survival. Results were similar for breast cancer–specific death.
Conclusion: Large postdiagnosis weight loss is associated with worse survival in both earlier and later postdiagnosis periods, independent of treatment and prognostic factors.
Impact: Weight loss and gain are equally common after breast cancer, and weight loss is a consistent marker of mortality risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(1); 44–50. ©2016 AACR.
See all the articles in this CEBP Focus section, “The Obesity Paradox in Cancer: Evidence and New Directions.”
Usefulness of Testing for Coronary Artery Spasm and Programmed Ventricular Stimulation in Survivors of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Komatsu Masayasu , Takahashi Jun , Fukuda Koji , Takagi Yusuke , Shiroto Takashi , Nakano Makoto , Kondo Masateru , Tsuburaya Ryuji , Hao Kiyotaka , Nishimiya Kensuke , Nihei Taro , Matsumoto Yasuharu , Ito Kenta , Sakata Yasuhiko , Miyata Satoshi , Shimokawa Hiroaki 
Published: August 2016

Background—
Optimal therapy for patients resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) who are not found to have structural heart disease remains to be established, especially regarding the use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Coronary artery spasm (CAS) and lethal ventricular arrhythmias are important causes of OHCA.

Methods and Results—

In 47 consecutive OHCA survivors without structural heart disease who had fully recovered (M/F 44/3, 43±13 years.), we performed dual induction tests, including acetylcholine provocation test first followed by programmed ventricular stimulation after 1 to 2 weeks. Patients with CAS were treated with calcium channel blocker–based antianginal medications; implantable cardioverter-defibrillators were implanted in all patients. The results of the dual induction tests defined 4 groups: CAS alone (n=7), inducible ventricular arrhythmias alone (n=13), both positive (n=24), and both negative (n=3). During a median follow-up period of 38 months, ventricular fibrillation recurred in all groups except the both-negative group. Of the 16 patients with a type I Brugada ECG, 2 had CAS alone, 8 had ventricular arrhythmias alone, and 6 had both positive. No ventricular fibrillation episodes were observed in the CAS-alone patients who did not also have Brugada syndrome. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the CAS-alone group was at lower risk for OHCA recurrence as compared with the Brugada syndrome group (log-rank test;
P
=0.036).

Conclusions—
Among OHCA survivors without structural heart disease, provokable CAS and ventricular arrhythmias are common and can be seen in Brugada syndrome. CAS alone without Brugada syndrome who are treated for CAS may be a lower-risk group.