bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Use of Bilateral Internal Mammary Artery Grafting Reduce Long-Term Risk of Repeat Coronary Revascularization?
Authors: Iribarne Alexander , Schmoker Joseph D. , Malenka David J. , Leavitt Bruce J. , McCullough Jock N. , Weldner Paul W. , DeSimone Joseph P. , Westbrook Benjamin M. , Quinn Reed D. , Klemperer John D. , Sardella Gerald L. , Kramer Robert S. , Olmstead Elaine M. , DiScipio Anthony W. 
Published: October 2017

Background:
Although previous studies have demonstrated that patients receiving bilateral internal mammary artery (BIMA) conduits during coronary artery bypass grafting have better long-term survival than those receiving a single internal mammary artery (SIMA), data on risk of repeat revascularization are more limited. In this analysis, we compare the timing, frequency, and type of repeat coronary revascularization among patients receiving BIMA and SIMA.

Methods:
We conducted a multicenter, retrospective analysis of 47 984 consecutive coronary artery bypass grafting surgeries performed from 1992 to 2014 among 7 medical centers reporting to a prospectively maintained clinical registry. Among the study population, 1482 coronary artery bypass grafting surgeries with BIMA were identified, and 1297 patients receiving BIMA were propensity-matched to 1297 patients receiving SIMA. The primary end point was freedom from repeat coronary revascularization.

Results:

The median duration of follow-up was 13.2 (IQR, 7.4–17.7) years. Patients were well matched by age, body mass index, major comorbidities, and cardiac function. There was a higher freedom from repeat revascularization among patients receiving BIMA than among patients receiving SIMA (hazard ratio [HR], 0.78 [95% CI, 0.65–0.94];
P
=0.009). Among the matched cohort, 19.4% (n=252) of patients receiving SIMA underwent repeat revascularization, whereas this frequency was 15.1% (n=196) among patients receiving BIMA (
P
=0.004). The majority of repeat revascularization procedures were percutaneous coronary interventions (94.2%), and this did not differ between groups (
P
=0.274). Groups also did not differ in the ratio of native versus graft vessel percutaneous coronary intervention (
P
=0.899), or regarding percutaneous coronary intervention target vessels; the most common targets in both groups were the right coronary (
P
=0.133) and circumflex arteries (
P
=0.093). In comparison with SIMA, BIMA grafting was associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality at 12 years of follow-up (HR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.69–0.91];
P
=0.001), and there was no difference in in-hospital morbidity.

Conclusions:
BIMA grafting was associated with a reduced risk of repeat revascularization and an improvement in long-term survival and should be considered more frequently during coronary artery bypass grafting.
Duct Stenting Versus Modified Blalock-Taussig Shunt in Neonates With Duct-Dependent Pulmonary Blood Flow
Authors: Bentham James R. , Zava Ngoni K. , Harrison Wendy J. , Shauq Arjamand , Kalantre Atul , Derrick Graham , Chen Robin H. , Dhillon Rami , Taliotis Demetris , Kang Sok-Leng , Crossland David , Adesokan Akintayo , Hermuzi Anthony , Kudumula Vikram , Yong Sanfui , Noonan Patrick , Hayes Nicholas , Stumper Oliver , Thomson John D.R. 
Published: October 2017

Background:
Infants born with cardiac abnormalities causing dependence on the arterial duct for pulmonary blood flow are often palliated with a shunt usually between the subclavian artery and either pulmonary artery. A so-called modified Blalock-Taussig shunt allows progress through early life to an age and weight at which repair or further more stable palliation can be safely achieved. Modified Blalock-Taussig shunts continue to present concern for postprocedural instability and early mortality such that other alternatives continue to be explored. Duct stenting (DS) is emerging as one such alternative with potential for greater early stability and improved survival.

Methods:
The purpose of this study was to compare postprocedural outcomes and survival to next-stage palliative or reparative surgery between patients undergoing a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt or a DS in infants with duct-dependent pulmonary blood flow. All patients undergoing cardiac surgery and congenital interventions in the United Kingdom are prospectively recruited to an externally validated national outcome audit. From this audit, participating UK centers identified infants <30 days of age undergoing either a Blalock-Taussig shunt or a DS for cardiac conditions with duct-dependent pulmonary blood flow between January 2012 and December 31, 2015. One hundred seventy-one patients underwent a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt, and in 83 patients, DS was attempted. Primary and secondary outcomes of survival and need for extracorporeal support were analyzed with multivariable logistic regression. Longer-term mortality before repair and reintervention were analyzed with Cox proportional hazards regression. All multivariable analyses accommodated a propensity score to balance patient characteristics between the groups.

Results:

There was an early (to discharge) survival advantage for infants before next-stage surgery in the DS group (odds ratio, 4.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.37–13.14;
P
=0.012). There was also a difference in the need for postprocedural extracorporeal support in favor of the DS group (odds ratio, 0.22; 95% confidence interval, 0.05–1.05;
P
=0.058). Longer-term survival outcomes showed a reduced risk of death before repair in the DS group (hazard ratio, 0.25; 95% confidence interval, 0.07–0.85;
P
=0.026) but a slightly increased risk of reintervention (hazard ratio, 1.50; 95% confidence interval, 0.85–2.64;
P
=0.165).

Conclusions:
DS is emerging as a preferred alternative to a surgical shunt for neonatal palliation with evidence for greater postprocedural stability and improved patient survival to destination surgical treatment.
Are Africans Incurably Religious?
Authors: Wijsen Frans 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This article analyses the debate on the invention of African Religion and the notion that Africans are incurably religious. It uses critical discourse analysis as a form of ideology critique to demonstrate how advocates and opponents of the ‘invention of African Religion’ theory construct their own social realities. Drawing on a conversation between members of the African Association for the Study of Religions the article concludes that the dilemma between the myth and reality of African Religion is false. The fact that African religion was invented does not signify that it does not exist.
The Cospectrum of Stress-Carrying Turbulence in the Presence of Surface Gravity Waves
Authors: Trowbridge John , Scully Malcolm , Sherwood Christopher R. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe cospectrum of the horizontal and vertical turbulent velocity fluctuations, an essential tool for understanding measurements of the turbulent Reynolds shear stress, often departs in the ocean from the shape that has been established in the atmospheric surface layer. Here, we test the hypothesis that this departure is caused by advection of standard boundary layer turbulence by the random oscillatory velocities produced by surface gravity waves. The test is based on a model with two elements. The first is a representation of the spatial structure of the turbulence, guided by rapid distortion theory, and consistent with the one-dimensional cospectra that have been measured in the atmosphere. The second model element is a map of the spatial structure of the turbulence to the temporal fluctuations measured at fixed sensors, assuming advection of frozen turbulence by the velocities associated with surface waves. The model is adapted to removal of the wave velocities from the turbulent fluctuations using spatial filtering. The model is tested against previously published laboratory measurements under wave-free conditions and two new sets of measurements near the seafloor in the coastal ocean in the presence of waves. Although quantitative discrepancies exist, the model captures the dominant features of the laboratory and field measurements, suggesting that the underlying model physics are sound.
Prevalence and factors associated with PTSD, anxiety and depression symptoms in Haitian migrants in southern Brazil
Authors: Brunnet Alice E , Bolaséll Laura T , Weber João LA , Kristensen Christian H 
Published: October 2017

Background: Prevalence rates of mental health disorders in migrants are controversial. The socio-historical and economic background of the host country may play an important role in the mental health status of migrants. As studies are mostly conducted in developed countries, researching migration in developing countries may add important information to scientific literature. Aims: This study aims to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety and depression symptoms in Haitian migrants in southern Brazil. Methods: The sample comprises 66 participants selected from four different sites in three cities of a Brazilian southern state. Participants fulfilled a sociodemographic questionnaire, as well as instruments investigate traumatic events; post-migration difficulties and symptoms of PTSD, anxiety and depression. Linear regression models were utilized to investigate factors associated with PTSD, anxiety and depression symptoms. Results: PTSD prevalence in the sample was 9.1%. Depression and anxiety symptoms were in the clinical range of 10.6%–13.6% of participants, respectively. A number of traumatic events, acculturation difficulties, discrimination and low social support were associated with the investigated mental health disorders. Conclusion: The results point to the importance of public policies in promoting better social and mental health support for migrants. Providing information to the Brazilian population about migration may improve receptiveness in the host society.
Promotion of breastfeeding in Poland: the current situation
Authors: Królak-Olejnik Barbara , Błasiak Ilona , Szczygieł Anna 
Published: October 2017

Objective Exclusive breastfeeding is safe and beneficial for healthy infants; it is the optimal feeding method during the first 6 months of life. Infants should be complementary fed in conjunction with breastfeeding until 12 months of age or longer. The aim of the present study was to analyse the duration of breastfeeding through 12 months of age. Methods Participants were 1679 women from 42 randomly selected hospitals in Poland. The data were obtained from surveys, including a paper and pencil interview that was conducted after mothers delivered in the hospital and before discharge. Computer aided telephone interviews were administered at 2, 4, 6 and 12 months. Results There was a high rate of initiating breastfeeding after birth (97%), a rapid abandonment of exclusive breastfeeding (43.5% at 2 months, 28.9% at 4 months and 4% at 6 months) and an onset of formula feeding during the first days of life, which is contrary to current recommendations. Conclusions It is necessary re-educate mothers, medical staff who care for mothers and children during the perinatal period, and other specialists.
Cranial parasympathetic activation induces autonomic symptoms but no cluster headache attacks
Authors: Guo Song , Petersen Anja Sofie , Schytz Henrik Winther , Barløse Mads , Caparso Anthony , Fahrenkrug Jan , Jensen Rigmor Højland , Ashina Messoud 
Published: October 2017

Background Low frequency (LF) stimulation of the sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) may increase parasympathetic outflow and provoke cluster headache (CH) attacks in CH patients implanted with an SPG neurostimulator. Methods In a double-blind randomized sham-controlled crossover study, 20 CH patients received LF or sham stimulation for 30 min on two separate days. We recorded headache characteristics, cephalic autonomic symptoms (CAS), plasma levels of parasympathetic markers such as pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-38 (PACAP38) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and mechanical detection and pain thresholds as a marker of sensory modulation. Results In the immediate phase (0–60 min), 16 (80%) patients experienced CAS after LF stimulation, while nine patients (45%) reported CAS after sham ( p = 0.046). We found no difference in induction of cluster-like attacks between LF stimulation (n = 7) and sham stimulation (n = 5) ( p = 0.724). There was no difference in mechanical detection and pain thresholds, and in PACAP and VIP plasma concentrations between LF and sham stimulation ( p ≥ 0.162). Conclusion LF stimulation of the SPG induced autonomic symptoms, but no CH attacks. These data suggest that increased parasympathetic outflow is not sufficient to induce CH attacks in patients. Study protocol ClinicalTrials.gov registration number NCT02510729
Gender aspects of CGRP in migraine
Authors: Labastida-Ramírez Alejandro , Rubio-Beltrán Eloísa , Villalón Carlos M , MaassenVanDenBrink Antoinette 
Published: October 2017

Background Migraine is two to three times more prevalent in women than in men, but the mechanisms involved in this gender disparity are still poorly understood. In this respect, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) plays a key role in migraine pathophysiology and, more recently, the functional interactions between ovarian steroid hormones, CGRP and the trigeminovascular system have been recognized and studied in more detail. Aims To provide an overview of CGRP studies that have addressed gender differences utilizing animal and human migraine preclinical research models to highlight how the female trigeminovascular system responds differently in the presence of varying ovarian steroid hormones. Conclusions Gender differences are evident in migraine. Several studies indicate that fluctuations of ovarian steroid hormone (mainly estrogen) levels modulate CGRP in the trigeminovascular system during different reproductive milestones. Such interactions need to be considered when conducting future animal and human experiments, since these differences may contribute to the development of gender-specific therapies.
Survey of cat owners on features of, and preventative measures for, feline scratching of inappropriate objects: a pilot study
Authors: Moesta Alexandra , Keys Deborah , Crowell-Davis Sharon 
Published: October 2017

Objectives The objective of this study was to collect preliminary data on relevant features and preventative measures of feline inappropriate scratching. Preliminary data could then be used to inform future randomized controlled studies. Methods A paper questionnaire was distributed to 140 cat-owning clients of a small animal practice. The response rate was 82.9%. Questions related to features of inappropriate and designated items scratched, frequency of the behavior and how owners attempted to modify the behavior. The frequency of scratching was ranked and analyzed with repeated-measures models for differences between features of items. The effectiveness of techniques to modify scratching was analyzed with Student’s t-tests comparing frequencies of scratching between cats of survey participants who did and did not use specific techniques. Results Scratching of inappropriate items was reported for 83.9% of cats. Most cats (81.5%) scratched chairs or other furniture and 64.1% scratched carpet. The frequency of scratching inappropriate items was significantly influenced by type and material of the items scratched, with furniture and carpet, and fabric and carpet, respectively, being scratched most often. Most cats (76.1%) had a designated scratching item. The frequency of scratching designated items was significantly influenced by type, with cats using scratching posts and other items more often than scratch pads. Owners used a variety of punishment- and reward-based techniques to stop inappropriate scratching and encourage scratching of designated items; only one technique was found to have a significant effect, with the frequency of scratching designated items being significantly lower in cats that were placed near the item. Conclusions and relevance Furniture covered with fabric was an object frequently scratched. Fabric should be further investigated as a potential material to encourage desired scratching behavior. Scratch pads appeared less desired than scratching posts. Punishment was a common strategy to deter scratching but did not appear to influence the frequency of scratching.
Physicochemical characterization and antioxidant activity of decolorized Moringa oleifera Lam leaf flour
Authors: da S. Alves A. , B. Teixeira E. M. , C. Oliveira G. , Arantes-Pereira L. , Oliveira C. C. , L. Costa L. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Background
Maringa oleifera leaves are rich in antioxidant substances; however, when lyophilized leaves were used in flour form in meat products, they presented no antioxidant effect and even accelerated the oxidation process of the product. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of chlorophyll extraction on the physicochemical composition and antioxidant activity of Moringa leaves.

Methods
Moringa leaves were dried and ground in order to obtain uniform flour. A treatment using chlorophyll extraction (decolorized) was tested versus a control treatment (non-decolorized) for proximate composition, instrumental color, and antioxidant activity using ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test.

Results
Higher crude fiber, ash, and protein contents were observed for decolorized flour (19.41 and 38.13%, 11.87 and 14.02%, and 28.81 and 31.33%, respectively) when compared to those for the control. Chlorophyll extraction significantly affected (p < 0.05) the instrumental color of the leaves flour. The half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of both decolorized and control flour was 3.74 and 4.30 mg/L, respectively. The equivalent of antioxidant per gram of non-decolorized leaves was higher than that observed for the decolorized leaves (0.36 and 0.32 g/g DPPH, respectively). The antioxidant activity (AA%) of the extract from non-decolorized leaves was higher in the concentrations of 5 and 2.5 mg/0.1 mL, while the decolorized leaves was higher in the extract concentration 5 and 2 mg/0.1 ml.

Conclusion
The decolorization process affected the chemical composition and color of Moringa oleifera leaves flours however did not improve its antioxidant activity.
Clinical Utility of CLIA-Grade AR-V7 Testing in Patients With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Markowski Mark C. , Silberstein John L. , Eshleman James R. , Eisenberger Mario A. , Luo Jun , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose A splice variant of the androgen receptor, AR-V7, confers resistance to AR-targeted therapies (ATTs) but not taxane chemotherapies in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Since August 2015, a clinical-grade assay to detect AR-V7 messenger RNA expression in circulating tumors cells (CTCs) has been available to providers through a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments–certified laboratory at Johns Hopkins University. Methods We contacted ordering providers of the first 150 consecutive tests by using a questionnaire-based survey to determine how the results of AR-V7 testing were used to influence clinical practice. Results In all, 142 (95%) of 150 questionnaires were completed by 38 providers from 29 sites across the United States and Canada. AR-V7 test results were reported either as CTC– (28%), CTC+/AR-V7– (30%), or CTC+/AR-V7+ (42%). Prevalence of AR-V7 detection increased with prior exposure to ATTs (abiraterone and enzalutamide naïve, 22%; after abiraterone or enzalutamide, 35%; after abiraterone and enzalutamide, 43%). Overall, management was affected by AR-V7 testing in 53% of the patients and even more often with CTC+/AR-V7+ results. AR-V7+ patients were commonly switched from ATT to taxane chemotherapy (43%) or were offered a clinical trial (43%); management remained unchanged in only 14% of these patients. Overall, patients who had a change in management on the basis of AR-V7 testing were significantly more likely to achieve a physician-reported 50% decline in prostate-specific antigen response on next-line therapy than those who did not change treatment (54% v 31%; P = .015). Conclusion Providers used AR-V7 testing to influence clinical decision making more often than not. Physicians reported that men with AR-V7+ results had the most treatment changes, and such men were preferentially managed with taxane therapy or offered a clinical trial, which may have improved outcomes.
Follow-Up and Functional Outcomes of Pediatric Patients with Gunshot Wounds to the Extremities
Authors: Karkenny Alexa J. , Morris Jonathan , Hamm A. , Maguire Kathleen , Toro Jose B. , Stone, Melvin E. , Fornari Eric D. , Schulz Jacob F. 
Published: October 2017

Background: There is a limited amount of data on the long-term function and quality of life of children who sustain gunshot injuries to the extremity. Many complications, such as physeal arrest and limb-length discrepancy, take months or years to manifest. The purpose of this study is to characterize clinical features and long-term outcomes of pediatric patients with firearm injuries to the extremities. Methods: A retrospective review of the trauma registry at an urban Level 1 trauma center was performed in which 27 patients ranging in age from 14 to 18 years old who were admitted between January 2011 and March 2014 for management of extremity firearm injuries were identified. Demographic data, injuries, Injury Severity Score (ISS), and hospital course were obtained through chart review. Patients who were followed up after the review commenced completed the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and Childhood Trauma Screening Questionnaire (CTSQ). Results: Twenty-seven pediatric patients with an average age of 17 years (SD ± 0.94 years) were identified with 33 gunshot wounds (GSWs): 7 upper extremity and 26 lower extremity. Seventeen patients sustained at least one fracture, with a total of 20 fractures. Six (30%) of the fractures were treated operatively. Peripheral nerve injury (N = 4) was the most common complication. There were no cases of infection, compartment syndrome, vascular injury, physeal fracture, growth disturbance, or angular deformities. The mean length of follow-up was 132 days (N = 18, range: 2 days to 2.95 years). The mean SF-36 Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) scores were 48.7 (N = 3, range: 44.0 to 56.2) and 58.2 (N = 3, range: 51.3 to 62.2), respectively. The mean CTSQ score was 4.67 (N = 3, range: 4 to 5). Conclusion: Pediatric patients with extremity GSWs reported below-average physical health and above average mental health relative to SF-36 age and gender-controlled national norms. CTSQ scores were not predictive of future post-traumatic stress disorder. Outpatient follow-up for pediatric GSW is a concern because most complications, including deformity and limb-length discrepancy, occur months to years after the injury.