bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraspecific variation and plasticity in mitochondrial oxygen binding affinity as a response to environmental temperature
Authors: Chung Dillon J. , Morrison P. R. , Bryant H. J. , Jung E. , Brauner C. J. , Schulte P. M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMitochondrial function has been suggested to underlie constraints on whole-organism aerobic performance and associated hypoxia and thermal tolerance limits, but most studies have focused on measures of maximum mitochondrial capacity. Here we investigated whether variation in mitochondrial oxygen kinetics could contribute to local adaptation and plasticity in response to temperature using two subspecies of the Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) acclimated to a range of temperatures (5, 15, and 33 °C). The southern subspecies of F. heteroclitus, which has superior thermal and hypoxia tolerances compared to the northern subspecies, exhibited lower mitochondrial O2 P50 (higher O2 affinity). Acclimation to thermal extremes (5 or 33 °C) altered mitochondrial O2 P50 in both subspecies consistent with the effects of thermal acclimation on whole-organism thermal tolerance limits. We also examined differences between subspecies and thermal acclimation effects on whole-blood Hb O2-P50 to assess whether variation in oxygen delivery is involved in these responses. In contrast to the clear differences between subspecies in mitochondrial O2-P50 there were no differences in whole-blood Hb-O2 P50 between subspecies. Taken together these findings support a general role for mitochondrial oxygen kinetics in differentiating whole-organism aerobic performance and thus in influencing species responses to environmental change.
Lack of Adipocyte-Fndc5/Irisin Expression and Secretion Reduces Thermogenesis and Enhances Adipogenesis
Authors: Pérez-Sotelo D. , Roca-Rivada A. , Baamonde I. , Baltar J. , Castro A. I. , Domínguez E. , Collado M. , Casanueva F. F. , Pardo M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIrisin is a browning-stimulating molecule secreted from the fibronectin type III domain containing 5 precursor (FNDC5) by muscle tissue upon exercise stimulation. Despite its beneficial role, there is an unmet and clamorous need to discern many essential aspects of this protein and its mechanism of action not only as a myokine but also as an adipokine. Here we contribute to address this topic by revealing the nature and role of FNDC5/irisin in adipose tissue. First, we show that FNDC5/irisin expression and secretion are induced by adipocyte differentiation and confirm its over-secretion by human obese visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissues. Second, we show how secreted factors from human obese VAT and SAT decrease PGC1α, FNDC5 and UCP1 gene expression on differentiating adipocytes; this effect over UCP1 is blunted by blocking irisin in obese secretomes. Finally, by stable gene silencing FNDC5 we reveal that FNDC5-KO adipocytes show reduced UCP1 expression and enhanced adipogenesis.
Volatile organic compounds from Paenibacillus polymyxa KM2501-1 control Meloidogyne incognita by multiple strategies
Authors: Cheng Wanli , Yang Jingyan , Nie Qiyu , Huang Dian , Yu Chen , Zheng Longyu , Cai Minmin , Thomashow Linda S. , Weller David M. , Yu Ziniu , Zhang Jibin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPlant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) cause serious crop losses worldwide. In this study, we investigated the nematicidal factors and the modes and mechanisms of action involved in nematode control by Paenibacillus polymyxa KM2501-1. Treatment of the second-stage juveniles (J2) juveniles of PPN Meloidogyne incognita with the biological control agent KM2501-1 resulted in a mortality of 87.66% in vitro and reduced symptoms on tomato by up to 82.61% under greenhouse conditions. We isolated 11 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from strain KM2501-1, of which 8 had contact nematicidal activity, 6 had fumigant activity, and 5 acted as stable chemotactic agents to M. incognita. The VOCs provided a comprehensive strategy against PPNs that included “honey-trap”, fumigant, attractant and repellent modes. Furfural acetone and 2-decanol functioned as “honey-traps” attracting M. incognita and then killing it by contact or fumigation. Two other VOCs, 2-nonanone and 2-decanone, as well as strain KM2501-1 itself, destroyed the integrity of the intestine and pharynx. Collectively our results indicate that VOCs produced by P. polymyxa KM2501-1 act through diverse mechanisms to control M. incognita. Moreover, the novel “honey-trap” mode of VOC–nematode interaction revealed in this study extends our understanding of the strategies exploited by nematicidal biocontrol agents.
Identification of differentially expressed miRNAs in the fatty liver of Landes goose (Anser anser)
Authors: Chen Fang , Zhang Hao , Li Jinjun , Tian Yong , Xu Jing , Chen Li , Wei Jintao , Zhao Na , Yang Xuehai , Zhang Wei , Lu Lizhi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractUnlike mammals, in palmipedes de novo lipogenesis from diet takes place mostly in the liver. The French Landes Goose is famous for its high capacity and susceptibility to fatty liver production. While miRNAs play a critical role in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression, miRNAs that are involved in the regulation of goose hepatic steatosis have yet to be elucidated. Using high-throughput sequencing, we analyzed miRNAs expression profile of Landes goose liver after overfeeding for 21 days. Aan-miR-122-5p was the most frequently sequenced known miRNA, but it was unchanged after overfeeding. Compared with normal liver, we identified that 16 conserved miRNAs were up-regulated while the other 9 conserved miRNAs were down-regulated in fatty livers. Many of their predicted target genes played key roles in metabolic pathways leading to the development of hepatic steatosis in the goose by KEGG pathways analysis. ACSL1 and ELOVL6 were critical genes in hepatic lipid metabolism and had opposite expression patterns with aan-miR-203a and aan-miR-125b-5p, respectively. And we validated that aan-miR-203a and aan-miR-125b-5p might involve in the regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism by targeting ACSL1 and ELOVL6, respectively. These results add to our current understanding of the regulation network in goose lipid metabolism.
Distribution voltage control utilising the reactive power capabilities of wind generators
Authors: Danzerl Daniel , Gill Simon , Anaya‐Lara Olimpo 
Published: November 2017

Voltage rise issues have become a major limiting factor to greater penetration of wind generators in weak distribution networks. A complete decentralised approach to voltage control (VC) that fully utilises the reactive power capabilities of distribution wind generators is an emerging technology and one that has not yet been investigated extensively. This study explores the potentials of modern wind turbine technology integration to address the problem. It assesses such potentials on a realistic 289‐node UK generic 11 kV distribution network using time‐series optimal power flow simulations under constraint conditions. This study examines the power factor control and VC modes of operation of typical generators and proposes practical techniques that enhance greater connection capacities. The study successfully reveals that, operating the wind generators within a flexible reactive power capability limits effectively mitigates the voltage rise problem and maximises generation levels.
Postoperative Cochlear Obliteration after Retrosigmoid Approach in Patients with Vestibular Schwannoma
Authors: Hedjrat Alireza , Schwager Konrad , Hofmann Erich , Behr Robert 
Published: November 2017

Objective Vestibular schwannomas (VSNs) account for the vast majority of lesions located in the cerebellopontine angle (CPA). The goals of VSN surgery are possible total tumor removal, intact facial nerve function, and preservation of cochlear nerve function. In cases of pre- or postoperative deafness, restoration of hearing with auditory brainstem implant (ABI) or cochlear implant (CI) is a promising treatment option with normally better results in CI than in ABI. The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate cochlear ossification or obliteration secondary to a retrosigmoid approach, which is important for later CI, especially in single-sided deafness.
Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed data from our suboccipital retrosigmoid operation database for the period from January 2008 to February 2015. A total of 65 patients with VSN could be analyzed retrospectively. The patient's data (age, gender, side of operation, tumor entities, and the duration of follow-up) were evaluated. The most recent T2-weigted MRI exams were taken into account for the evaluation of cochlea. To compare left and right sides, the coronal reformatted images were reconstructed in a symmetrical way.
Results Twenty-two out of 65 (33%) patients had cochlear obliteration in our survey. The cochlear obliteration was more common in females (44 vs. 20% in males). The median follow-up was 28 months. The size and the intrameatal extension of tumors could not be considered as factors influencing the cochlear obliteration rate.According to our survey, 33% of suboccipital approaches manifested cochlear obliteration to some extent. It was more common in females. The intrameatal extension of tumors played statistically no role in the occurrence of postoperative cochlear obliteration. Whether the prohibition of cochlear ossification can be best achieved by retrosigmoid approaches, compared to other approaches to the CPA, or not could be a subject of future studies.
Warum und wie sollte ich Frailty erfassen? – ein Ansatz für die Anästhesieambulanz
Authors: Birkelbach Oliver , Mörgeli Rudolf , Balzer Felix , Olbert Maria , Treskatsch Sascha , Kiefmann Rainer , Müller-Werdan Ursula , Reisshauer Anett , Schwedtke Christine , Neuner Bruno , Spies Claudia 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungFrailty (Gebrechlichkeit) ist eine Einschränkung der physiologischen Reserve bei älteren Patienten mit schwerwiegenden individuellen und sozioökonomischen Folgen. Multiple Aspekte der Patientenbehandlung sowie das Outcome werden durch Frailty nachhaltig beeinflusst. Obwohl mehr als 60 Messinstrumente existieren, sind die Erfassung und Berücksichtigung funktioneller Assessments in der klinischen Routine unzureichend umgesetzt. Das interdisziplinäre und interprofessionelle Verständnis, warum und wie Frailty beurteilt werden sollte, ist die Grundlage für die dauerhafte Implementierung. Der Artikel zeigt die Auswirkungen von Frailty und Vorteile einer Früherkennung auf und gibt einen Überblick über die wichtigsten Instrumente, die in der Frailty-Erkennung und -Bewertung verwendet werden können. Die frühe präoperative Detektion bietet ein vielfältiges Optimierungspotenzial für die peri- und intraoperative Versorgung. Verschiedene Frailty-Assessment-Tools körperlicher, kognitiver und psychosozialer Domänen werden vorgestellt und diskutiert. Frailty-Assessments variieren immens in Bezug auf die erforderliche Zeit, die Ausrüstung und das Fachwissen zur Durchführung. Wir empfehlen mindestens einen Test für die einzelnen Dimensionen von Frailty, um ein holistisches Bild der geriatrischen Patienten zu erhalten. Die Bewertung von Frailty sollte übergreifend in die interdisziplinären Strukturen der klinischen Routine implementiert werden, um die Patientensicherheit sowie das kurz- und langfristige Outcome zu verbessern.
Transient Severe Respiratory Motion Artifacts After Application of Gadoxetate Disodium: What We Currently Know
Authors: Well Lennart , Weinrich Julius , Adam Gerhard , Bannas Peter 
Published: November 2017

Background Gadoxetate disodium is an intracellular contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the liver. Recent publications revealed that injection of gadoxetate disodium can lead to imaging artifacts due to transient severe motion (TSM) in the arterial phase of contrast-enhanced liver MRI. In this review we present and discuss published frequencies of TSM, contrast injection and image acquisition protocols, potential risk factors, and proposed strategies to avoid or minimize the effects of TSM.
Method Two reviewers independently searched the PubMed search engine for “transient severe motion artifact” and related terms. Reference lists of retrieved articles were also searched. The two reviewers selected in consensus nine studies that reported both frequencies of TSM and potential risk factors. Study data were extracted by both reviewers, and disagreement was resolved by consensus.
Results and Conclusion TSM is caused by impaired breath-hold ability after gadoxetate disodium injection and occurs in 5 – 22 % of patients. The dose of applied contrast agent, repeated exposure to gadoxetate disodium, high BMI and pulmonary disease have been described as potential risk factors for TSM. However, there are only few concordant results on this topic and the pathophysiology of TSM has not been identified. Proposed strategies for the prevention of TSM are slow injection rates and low doses of diluted gadoxetate disodium. Accelerated and free-breathing MRI sequence protocols and breath-hold training may minimize the effects of TSM. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these strategies and to identify the underlying mechanism of TSM.
Key Points
Citation Format
Molecular basis of selective resistance of the bumblebee BiNav1 sodium channel to tau-fluvalinate
Authors: Wu Shaoying , Nomura Yoshiko , Du Yuzhe , Zhorov Boris S. , Dong Ke 
Published: November 2017

SignificanceVoltage-gated sodium channels are targeted by pyrethroids, which make up one of the largest classes of insecticides used globally for controlling human disease vectors and agricultural pests. Various pyrethroids can exhibit widely different toxicities on insect species. Most notably, bees are highly sensitive to most pyrethroids, but are resistant to tau-fluvalinate, a highly selective pyrethroid used to control varroa mites in beehives worldwide. However, the mechanism underlying bumblebee resistance to tau-fluvalinate remains elusive. Using mutagenesis, computer modeling of pyrethroid-receptor sites, and phylogenetic clues of sodium channel sequences, we uncovered bee-specific sodium channel residues that underlie species-specific pyrethroid selectivity. This finding could spur future development of a new generation of safer pyrethroids that selectively target pests, but not beneficial species.
Nationalism, public opinion, and dispute resolution
Authors: Wiegand Krista E. , Choi Ajin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFor several decades South Koreans have rallied around the Dokdo/Takeshima islets, small rocky outcroppings in the East Sea/Sea of Japan. There have been significant mobilization efforts by the Korean government, opposition parties, media, and civic groups that stir up a strong level of nationalism in South Korea. Why is public opinion about Dokdo, as the islets are named by Koreans, so fierce in South Korea despite the fact that South Korea has maintained effective control of the islets for over 50 years? How can public opinion and territorial nationalism affect dispute resolution? In this research project, we argue that domestic mobilization, stalwart public opinion, and strong territorial nationalism exist primarily because the islets symbolize other salient issues disputed with Japan and such issue linkage makes the territorial dispute difficult to resolve.
“Leave no one behind”
Authors: McEntee-Atalianis Lisa J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn September 2015 the United Nations (UN) adopted 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) offering an internationally agreed blueprint for economic, environmental and social development. However those most in need and specifically targeted by the SDGs face significant barriers in accessing information and knowledge about the goals and sustainability in a language or medium that can be understood. Drawing on previous research on the UN’s language policy and practice (McEntee-Atalianis, 2006,2015,2016) and analyses of recent UN reports and resolutions on multilingualism, information policy and practice and the SDGs, this article examines the current status of multilingualism and information transfer within the Organisation. Significant linguistic and digital barriers are identified. It is argued that the UN must plan in more linguistically plural and inclusive ways by developing atri-sectoral communication network strategyinvolving civil society, public and private sectors in order to facilitate knowledge transfer and participation, thereby ensuring that no one is left behind.
Deterministic quantum annealing expectation-maximization algorithm
Authors: Miyahara Hideyuki , Tsumura Koji , Sughiyama Yuki 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMaximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is one of the most important methods in machine learning, and the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm is often used to obtain maximum likelihood estimates. However, EM heavily depends on initial configurations and fails to find the global optimum. On the other hand, in the field of physics, quantum annealing (QA) was proposed as a novel optimization approach. Motivated by QA, we propose a quantum annealing extension of EM, which we call the deterministic quantum annealing expectation-maximization (DQAEM) algorithm. We also discuss its advantage in terms of the path integral formulation. Furthermore, by employing numerical simulations, we illustrate how DQAEM works in MLE and show that DQAEM moderate the problem of local optima in EM.
Long-Term Improvement in Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity After Weight Loss Can Be Predicted by White Adipose Tissue Factors
Authors: Bäckdahl Jesper , Andersson Daniel P , Eriksson-Hogling Daniel , Caidahl Kenneth , Thorell Anders , Mileti Enrichetta , Daub Carsten O , Arner Peter , Rydén Mikael 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Arterial stiffness, measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV), is linked to obesity, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality. Short-term weight loss improves PWV, but the long-term effects are unknown. We investigated the effect of pronounced long-term weight loss on PWV and whether anthropometric/metabolic parameters and/or white adipose tissue (WAT) phenotype could predict this change in PWV.

METHODS
Eighty-two obese subjects were examined before and 2 years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Analyses included anthropometrics, routine clinical chemistry, and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Arterial stiffness was measured as aortic PWV (aPWV) using the Arteriograph device. WAT mass and distribution were assessed by dual-X-ray absorptiometry. Baseline visceral and subcutaneous WAT samples were obtained to measure adipocyte cell size. Transcriptomic profiling of subcutaneous WAT was performed in a subset of subjects (n = 30).

RESULTS
At the 2-year follow-up, there were significant decreases in body mass index (39.4 ± 3.5 kg/m2 vs. 26.6 ± 3.4 kg/m2; P &lt; 0.0001) and aPWV (7.8 ± 1.5 m/s vs. 7.2 ± 1.4 m/s; P = 0.006). Multiple regression analyses showed that baseline subcutaneous adipocyte volume was associated with a reduction in aPWV (P = 0.014), after adjusting for confounders. Expression analyses of 52 genes implicated in arterial stiffness showed that only one, COL4A1, independently predicted improvements in aPWV after adjusting for confounders (P = 0.006).

CONCLUSIONS
Bariatric surgery leads to long-term reduction in aPWV. This improvement can be independently predicted by subcutaneous adipocyte volume and WAT COL4A1 expression, which suggests that subcutaneous WAT has a role in regulating aPWV.

CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION
Trial Number NCT01727245 (clinicaltrials.gov)
Two Ways to Kill a Patient
Authors: Bronner Ben 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAccording to the Standard View, a doctor who withdraws life-sustaining treatment does not kill the patient but rather allows the patient to die—an important distinction, according to some. I argue that killing (and causing death) can be understood in either of two ways, and given the relevant understanding, the Standard View is insulated from typical criticisms. I conclude by noting several problems for the Standard View that remain to be fully addressed.
Not of Woman Born
Authors: de Melo-Martín Inmaculada 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This chapter calls attention to the absence of a gendered analysis in mainstream defenses of reprogenetics and points out the problematic aspects of these gender-neutral evaluations. Such analyses simply conceal the differential burdens that these technologies impose on men’s and women’s bodies. They also mask the unequal effects that reproductive decisions have on men’s and women’s lives and that also overburden women. Finally, gender-neutral evaluations of reprogenetics are likely to further injustices against women.
Rule-Following, Meaning, and Primitive Normativity
Authors: Miller Alexander 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis paper explores the prospects for using the notion of a primitive normative attitude in responding to the sceptical argument about meaning developed in chapter 2 of Saul Kripke’s Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language. It takes as its stalking-horse the response to Kripke’s Wittgenstein developed in a recent series of important works by Hannah Ginsborg. The paper concludes that Ginsborg’s attempted solution fails for a number of reasons: it depends on an inadequate response to Kripke’s Wittgenstein’s ‘finitude’ objection to reductive dispositionalism; it erroneously rejects the idea that a speaker’s understanding of an expression guides her use; it threatens to collapse into either full-blown non-reductionism or reductive dispositionalism; and there is no motive for accepting it over forms of non-reductionism such as those developed by Barry Stroud and John McDowell.
A search for the presence of magnetic fields in the two supergiant fast X-ray transients, IGR J08408−4503 and IGR J11215−5952
Authors: Hubrig S , Sidoli L , Postnov K , Schöller M , Kholtygin A F , Järvinen S P , Steinbrunner P 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
A significant fraction of high-mass X-ray binaries are supergiant fast X-ray transients (SFXTs). The prime model for the physics governing their X-ray behaviour suggests that the winds of donor OB supergiants are magnetized. To investigate if magnetic fields are indeed present in the optical counterparts of such systems, we acquired low-resolution spectropolarimetric observations of the two optically brightest SFXTs, IGR J08408−4503 and IGR J11215−5952, with the ESO FORS 2 instrument during two different observing runs. No field detection at a significance level of 3σ was achieved for IGR J08408−4503. For IGR J11215−5952, we obtain 3.2σ and 3.8σ detections (⟨Bz⟩hydr = −978 ± 308 G and ⟨Bz⟩hydr = 416 ± 110 G) on two different nights in 2016. These results indicate that the model involving the interaction of a magnetized stellar wind with the neutron star magnetosphere can indeed be considered to characterize the behaviour of SFXTs. We detected long-term spectral variability in IGR J11215−5952, whereas for IGR J08408−4503, we find an indication of the presence of short-term variability on a time-scale of minutes.