bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
French in Haute-Garonne (Midi-Pyrénées)
Authors: Courdès-Murphy Léa , Durand Jacques , Ratier Corinne , Rossi-Gensane Nathalie 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis chapter illustrates the variety of French in the Midi-Pyrénées region, more precisely in its capital, Toulouse in the Haute-Garonne department, where the selected male speaker was born in 1942 and still lives. The chapter is based on an informal three-party conversation between the speaker, his sister, and his daughter. What emerges is a well-attested phenomenon in southern France: the main speaker’s pronunciation is a conservative accent méridional while at the same time, lexically as well as syntactically, it exhibits absence of strong regional features.
French in the Central African Republic
Authors: Bordal Guri , Boutin Akissi Béatrice , Beyom Robert 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis chapter examines a conversation between two colleagues who work in the administration of the University of Bangui. The difficult living conditions in the Central African Republic are the main topic of the conversation. The speakers are multilingual, and their dominant language is Sango, the country’s main lingua franca. Some influences from Sango are attested in the speakers’ pronunciation, particularly in the domain of prosody. The conversation also displays lexical particularities, constructions that are typical of second-language speakers (the generalization of the auxiliary ‘avoir’), features that are attested in other varieties of French in Africa (e.g. the presence of the ‘ne’ of negation), as well as general properties of spontaneous oral discourse, such as overlapping turns and collaborative discourse.
French in Mauritius
Authors: Ledegen Gudrun , Lyche Chantal 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis chapter analyses a short informal conversation between two female students, both born and raised in Quatre-Bornes, a small town at the centre of the island. They are both bilingual and switch regularly between Creole and French. The main speaker (AD) relates a recent trip to Singapore and Malaysia with her family in an extremely fast-speech rate, devoid however of an undue number of elisions or assimilations. The excerpt includes a wide variety of linguistic traits typical of Mauritius French, most of which can be attributed to Creole influence: absence of determiners, absence of prepositions à and de, a specific use of the preposition à. The phonological system of the speaker is characterized by the presence of four nasal vowels, the weakening of the rhotic in coda position, and the systematic simplification of obstruent + liquid clusters.
Variation in Canada
Authors: Côté Marie-Hélène 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis chapter addresses aspects of linguistic variation within Laurentian French, as spoken in Trois-Rivières (Quebec), a city of 130 000 inhabitants, almost exclusively French-speaking and in limited contact with English. The analysis is based on the speech of 12 middle class speakers, six men and six women, born between 1931 and 1989 and recorded in five tasks: the reading of a text and of two word lists, a guided conversation, and a free conversation. The chapter analyses ten phonetic, phonological, morphological, and lexical alternations between specifically Laurentian forms and their equivalents in Reference French, using age and gender as relevant factors. These alternations illustrate different effects of standardization (gradual loss of the Laurentian variants), ‘Laurentianization’ (generalization of new Laurentian variants), formality (greater use of standard variants by older speakers who treat the interview situation as more formal), and gender (greater use of standard variants by women).
Variation in Canada
Authors: Canac-Marquis Réjean , Walker Douglas C. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis chapter examines representatives of three generations of bilingual speakers in a rural community of western Canada, exploring the effects of long-term exposure to English on the French language, contrasting phonological, morpho-syntactic, and lexical features across generations. Despite the fluent bilingualism of all speakers, our results substantiate the perception that the impact of English on French is greater for the youngest generation. This influence, coupled with the effects of what has been called ‘incomplete learning’ and the consequences of the normal variation in popular speech, illustrate the evolving status of French in a minority context where contact with and assimilation to English are pervasive. Despite this fragility, all speakers in the corpus manifest loyalty to their first language, recognizing its utility and its importance for their identity as Franco-Albertans.
Subsidies and Technical Efficiency in Agriculture: Evidence from European Dairy Farms
Authors: Latruffe Laure , Bravo‐Ureta Boris E. , Carpentier Alain , Desjeux Yann , Moreira Víctor H. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe objective of this article is to examine the association between agricultural subsidies and dairy farm technical efficiency in the European Union, and in so doing we make novel contributions to the literature. We include in the analysis nine diverse western European Union (EU) countries over an 18‐year period (1990–2007) encompassing the various Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reforms enacted since the inception of the EU. Further, we account for input endogeneity using an original method of moments estimator. Our results show that the effect of subsidies on technical efficiency may be positive, null, or negative, depending on the country. The analysis reveals that the introduction of decoupling with the 2003 CAP reform weakens the effect that subsidies have on technical efficiency.
Klotho and Endothelin-1 in Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome and Glaucoma
Authors: Ahoor Mohammad. H , Ghorbanihaghjo Amir , Sorkhabi Rana , Kiavar Ali 
Published: October 2016

Purpose:
Klotho is a newly discovered protein that presumably has an important role in the aging process. The goal of this research is to compare the levels of Klotho and Endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the serum and aqueous humor of patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PES) and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEG).

Patients and Methods:
Aqueous humor and serum samples were obtained at the time of cataract surgery from 15 patients with PES, 15 patients with PEG, and 15 control patients. All of the samples were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to evaluate the levels of ET-1 and Klotho protein.

Result:
Aqueous and serum levels of Klotho in PES patients (49.02±10.97, 56.32±10.25 ng/mL) and PEG patients (34.53±4.87, 50.49±2.63 ng/mL) were lower than in control patients (56.31±7.68, 65.06±12.32 ng/mL). Both aqueous and serum levels of Klotho in the PEG group were lower than in the PES group (P=0.001). Mean aqueous and serum levels of ET-1 in the PES (1.28±0.09, 1.65±0.75 pg/mL) and the PEG groups (1.45±0.07, 1.58±0.58 pg/mL) were significantly higher than that measured in the control group (1.17±0.09, 1.16±0.34 pg/mL). Aqueous levels of ET-1 in the PEG group were higher than the PES group (P=0.04), but there were no significant difference in serum levels of ET-1 between the PES and the PEG groups (P=0.83).

Conclusions:
Aqueous and serum levels of Klotho decreased both in PES and PEG patients, and this decrease in the PEG group was more significant. In contrast, aqueous and serum levels of ET-1 increased in the PES and the PEG patients, and the increase in the aqueous level of ET-1 in PEG patients was more significant.
Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in a Treatment-Naive Patient With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Strich Jeffrey R. , Jerussi Theresa D. , Wiestner Adrian , Holland Steven M. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia is a known complication in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia who are treated with fludarabine-based chemotherapy; however, it is extremely uncommon in treatment-naive patients. Here, we report a case of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in a patient with untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Rothia mucilaginosa Bacteremia and Subsequent Typhlitis in a Patient With Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Bassily Emmanuel , Verma Sean , Nanjappa Sowmya , Bassily Olivia , Greene John 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Rothia mucilaginosa is a gram-positive coccobacilli that is part of the normal flora of the human oropharynx and upper respiratory tract. Rothia spp. cause a wide range of serious infections, especially in immunocompromised hosts. We report a 54-year-old man with acute myelogenous leukemia, who recently had gingivitis and tooth extraction in preparation for bone marrow transplant evaluation. After receiving induction chemotherapy with cladribine, cytarabine, filgrastim, and mitoxantrone, he developed an upper gingival ulceration and subsequent Rothia mucilaginosa bacteremia on day 15 of hospitalization. He remained neutropenic on broad-spectrum antimicrobials and had intermittent breakthrough fevers. On day 17, he developed abdominal pain and was subsequently diagnosed with neutropenic enterocolitis. Despite broad-spectrum antibiotics, he died with sepsis and multiorgan failure.
Risk factors associated with complications in cirrhotic patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography
Authors: Macías-Rodríguez Ricardo U. , Ruiz-Margáin Astrid , Rodriguez-Garcia Jose L. , Zepeda-Gómez Sergio , Torre Aldo 
Published: October 2016

Objective
Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) is useful for the management of biliary tract diseases; in patients with cirrhosis, portal hypertension may increase the risk for complications from ERCP. We evaluated the outcome and risk factors related to ERCP in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension.

Patients and methods
In this case–control study, 37 patients (71 procedures) with cirrhosis and portal hypertension (group 1) and 37 controls (group 2) undergoing ERCP were included. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were used to predict the risk factors.

Results
Mean Child–Pugh and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score were 9±2.1 and 17.8±6, respectively. Ascites was present in 46% of the patients, esophageal varices in 63% (large esophageal varices 43.7%), and hepatic encephalopathy in 16%. The main indication for ERCP in both groups was choledocholithiasis. Successful cannulation rate was 97% in both groups. Biliary sphincterotomy was performed more frequently in group 2 than in group 1 (60 vs. 35%, P=0.036); there was no difference in the frequency of complications related to ERCP between cirrhotics and noncirrhotics (10 vs. 8%, P=0.677). Complications in patients with cirrhosis were related to lower alkaline phosphatase and sphincterotomy rate; in the multivariable analysis only sphincterotomy was independently associated with complications [odds ratio 9.8 (1.7–56.3)]. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis yielded a MELD score of more than 16 to best predict complications after ERCP in cirrhosis.

Conclusion
Outcomes after ERCP in patients with cirrhosis are similar to those of noncirrhotics despite the alteration in coagulation parameters and the presence of disease-specific complications; however, a more cautious approach in patients with cirrhosis undergoing sphincterotomy and MELD of more than 16 is needed.
Insomnia and the Risk of Breast Cancer: The HUNT Study
Authors: Sen Abhijit , Opdahl Signe , Strand Linn Beate , Vatten Lars Johan , Laugsand Lars Erik , Janszky Imre 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective
The association of insomnia with subsequent breast cancer risk is largely unknown. Therefore, we assessed whether different symptoms of insomnia and their combination are associated with incident breast cancer in a large population-based study.

Methods
In a prospective cohort study, 33,332 women were followed to monitor the occurrence of their first invasive breast cancer identified by the Cancer Registry of Norway. Insomnia symptoms including (1) nonrestorative sleep and (2) difficulty initiating and (3) maintaining sleep were self-reported using a study specific measure reflecting the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using multiadjusted Cox proportional hazards models.

Results
A total of 862 incident breast cancer cases occurred during a mean follow-up of 14.7 years. No consistent association was observed between the individual insomnia symptoms and breast cancer risk. However, compared to women reporting no insomnia complaints, those who reported having all three aspects of insomnia simultaneously were at increased risk (hazard ratio, 2.38; 95% confidence interval = 1.11–5.09).

Conclusion
Our results suggest that having only some aspects of insomnia may not predispose someone to breast cancer. In contrast, experiencing all insomnia symptoms simultaneously might confer considerable excess risk.
Long-term Imaging of the Lungs After Sealant Bronchoscopic Lung Volume Reduction
Authors: Lieberman Sivan , Shulimzon Tiberiu R. , Davidson Tima , Marom Edith M. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose:
The aim of the study was to assess the pulmonary temporal changes after bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) using sealants for treatment of emphysema.

Materials and Methods:
We retrospectively assessed all chest computerized tomography (CT) and F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography CT scans of patients treated at our institution with BLVR.

Results:
Eleven patients were treated with sealants: 4 with biological sealants and 7 with synthetic sealants. The first CT scan after biological sealant treatment showed no abnormalities in 8 lobes and 5 nodules, and 3 consolidations in 7 lobes. All findings resolved within 3 months, except for a nodule that decreased after 2 months and remained stable for 9 years. The first CT scan after utilizing the synthetic sealant showed abnormalities in each treated lobe: 19 nodules/masses (16 cavitary, 3 solid) and 3 consolidations. Follow-up CT scans were available for 16 nodules/masses: 1 resolved, 12 slowly decreased in size, 1 remained unchanged, and 2 grew. Of 3 consolidations 1 resolved and 2 decreased in size. FDG positron emission tomography CT scans performed in 2 patients showed FDG uptake higher than mediastinal background activity in 2 nodules in the same patient.

Conclusions:
Pulmonary changes after BLVR are variable. After treatment with biological sealants, most findings resolve within 3 months. In contrast, after synthetic sealants, although the majority regress over time, some show waxing and waning in growth that can mimic malignancy. FDG uptake in some of these lesions is suggestive of chronic inflammation. Radiologists should be aware of the spectrum of these pulmonary changes to avoid misdiagnosis of lung cancer.
ALTRE: workflow for defining ALTered Regulatory Elements using chromatin accessibility data
Authors: Baskin Elizabeth , Farouni Rick , Mathe Ewy A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSummaryRegulatory elements regulate gene transcription, and their location and accessibility is cell-type specific, particularly for enhancers. Mapping and comparing chromatin accessibility between different cell types may identify mechanisms involved in cellular development and disease progression. To streamline and simplify differential analysis of regulatory elements genome-wide using chromatin accessibility data, such as DNase-seq, ATAC-seq, we developed ALTRE (ALTered Regulatory Elements), an R package and associated R Shiny web app. ALTRE makes such analysis accessible to a wide range of users – from novice to practiced computational biologists.Availabilityhttps://github.com/Mathelab/ALTREContactewy.mathe@osumc.edu
Confronting preferential sampling in wildlife surveys: diagnosis and model-based triage†
Authors: Conn Paul B. , Thorson James T. , Johnson Devin S. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryWildlife surveys are often used to estimate the density, abundance, or distribution of animal populations. Recently, model-based approaches to analyzing survey data have become popular because one can more readily accommodate departures from pre-planned survey routes and construct more detailed maps than one can with design-based procedures.Species distribution models fitted to wildlife survey data often make the implicit assumption that locations chosen for sampling and animal abundance at those locations are conditionally independent given modeled covariates. However, this assumption is likely violated in many cases when survey effort is non-randomized, leading to preferential sampling.We develop a hierarchical statistical modeling framework for detecting and alleviating the biasing effects of preferential sampling in species distribution models fitted to count data. The approach works by jointly modeling wildlife state variables and the locations selected for sampling, and specifying a dependent correlation structure between the two models.Using simulation, we show that moderate levels of preferential sampling can lead to large (e.g. 40%) bias in estimates of animal density, and that our modeling approach can considerably reduce this bias.We apply our approach to aerial survey counts of bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus) in the eastern Bering Sea. Models that included a preferential sampling effect led to lower estimates of abundance than models without, but the effect size of the preferential sampling parameter decreased in models that included explanatory environmental covariates.When wildlife surveys are conducted without a well-defined sampling frame, ecologists should recognize the potentially biasing effects of preferential sampling. Joint models, such as those described in this paper, can be used to test and correct for such biases. Predictive covariates are also useful for bias reduction, but ultimately the best way to avoid preferential sampling bias is to incorporate design-based principles such as randomization and/or systematic sampling into survey design.
Temporal order of Alzheimer’s disease-related cognitive marker changes in BLSA and WRAP longitudinal studies
Authors: Bilgel Murat , Koscik Rebecca L. , An Yang , Prince Jerry L. , Resnick Susan M. , Johnson Sterling C. , Jedynak Bruno M. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTInvestigation of the temporal trajectories of currently used neuropsychological tests is critical to identifying earliest changing measures on the path to dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We used the Progression Score (PS) method to characterize the temporal trajectories of measures of verbal memory, executive function, attention, processing speed, language, and mental state using data spanning normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD from 1661 participants with a total of 7839 visits (age at last visit 77.6 SD 9.2) in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging and 1542 participants with a total of 4467 visits (age at last visit 59.9 SD 7.3) in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention. This method aligns individuals in time based on the similarity of their longitudinal measurements to reveal temporal trajectories. As a validation of our methodology, we explored the associations between the individualized cognitive progression scores (Cog-PS) computed by our method and clinical diagnosis. Digit span tests were the first to show declines in both data sets, and were detected mainly among cognitively normal individuals. These were followed by tests of verbal memory, which were in turn followed by Trail Making Tests, Boston Naming Test, and Mini-Mental State Examination. Differences in Cog-PS across the clinical diagnosis groups were statistically significant, highlighting the potential use of Cog-PS as individualized indicators of disease progression. Identifying cognitive measures that are changing in preclinical AD can lead to the development of novel cognitive tests that are finely tuned to detecting earliest changes.ABBREVIATIONSADAlzheimer’s diseaseAVLTRey Auditory Verbal Learning TestBLSABaltimore Longitudinal Study of AgingCICognitive impairmentCog-PSCognitive progression scoreCVLTCalifornia Verbal Learning TestADAlzheimer’s diseaseMCIMild cognitive impairmentMMSEMini-Mental State ExaminationWRAPWisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention
Autism, mental health and offending behaviour: a mother’s quest for healthcare
Authors: Larch Sue 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe the experiences of a mother of a son who was diagnosed with Asperger syndrome and psychosis in adulthood, the impact of this on his behaviour, and her quest to obtain healthcare.

Design/methodology/approach
Case study.

Findings
While a striking story in its own right, the experiences described have a number of wider implications for the treatment of mental ill heath in ASD, the exclusion of families and carers from the care of their adult children in services, and the impact of this on the individuals directly affected.

Research limitations/implications
The paper offers a number of practical recommendations for the understanding and management of autism in generic mental health services, and the involvement of families and carers in the care of their relative.

Originality/value
This is the first paper to describe mental ill health and offending behaviour in ASD, from the perspective of a mother.
Enhancing national competitiveness through national cooperation
Authors: Cho Dong-Sung , Moon Hwy-Chang , Yin Wenyan 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore how countries can make a more efficient and effective cooperation strategy, considering their competitive strengths and weaknesses.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is an exploratory study in examining the efficient way of national cooperation from the competitiveness perspective. By applying the double diamond-based nine-factor model and the framework for the life cycle of national competitiveness, this study proposes the importance of cooperation strategy, considering the current competitiveness status. A case study of two economies of South Korea (hereafter referred to as Korea) and Dubai reveals a potentially substantial cooperative relationship.

Findings
Although Korea and Dubai are geographically and culturally distant, they share complementary resources to enhance their overall competitiveness. In addition, their past experiences of growth can effectively deal with their current challenges and help their economies move to more advanced stage.

Practical implications
The methodology used in this paper can provide a useful guideline for policy makers to examine the current development status of their economies, find an appropriate cooperation partner and decide the priority of cooperating areas.

Originality/value
Although most existing studies explain national competitiveness from a narrow perspective, this paper provides a more comprehensive analysis using the extended model of Porter’s single diamond model. In addition, this paper conducts an intensive case study of Dubai and Korea for possible cooperation.