bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cultural Values Modulate Emotional Processing in Human Amygdala
Authors: Iidaka Tetsuya , Harada Tokiko 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This chapter reviews how cultural values modulate emotional processing in the amygdala? Here we discuss a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment whereby Japanese participants performed an emotional dot-probe task in which they were presented with an unpleasant picture (insect) and a neutral picture (chair). The unpleasant picture condition evoked a greater amygdala response. Between-condition differences in amygdala response were negatively correlated with individualism and collectivism cultural value scores, indicating that individuals who were more collectivistic showed a greater amygdala response. In a second experiment, we modulated individual cultural differences (individualism vs. collectivism) with a cultural priming task in Japanese participants, half of whom were primed with an individualistic scenario and half with a collectivistic scenario. Significant activation of the right amygdala was observed in the collectivistic-primed group. Biological variability in responses to emotional stimuli exists in individuals living in a relatively unitary culture, such as Japan; the neural response of the amygdala was significantly associated with the cultural values of individualism and collectivism.
‘High-Piled Books, in Charactr’y’
Authors: Meskill Lynn S. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This chapter explores Ben Jonson’s court masques, suggesting that they may well have constituted a kind of epic project on the poet’s part. The masque was a spectacle of music, costume, choreography, songs, and recited poetry performed before the King and other important spectators such as foreign ambassadors. Jonson’s long career as poet to the kings and queens of the Stuart and Caroline courts led to his being commissioned to write some twenty-eight masques between 1605 and 1631. This chapter considers the extent to which Jonson exploited the masque performance in print, his masque texts as exercise in ekphrasis, the significance of the anti-masque, the role of poets and poetry in the founding of stable government and order, and Jonson’s borrowings from epic.
The Laws of Gortyn and their Cretan Context
Authors: Maffi Alberto 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis chapter discusses the Gortyn Code within the wider context of Cretan law. It provides a comprehensive account of the laws of Gortyn as they can be reconstructed from the Great Code and from other legal inscriptions. It also offers an overview of the relevant source material and of its specificities. The areas discussed are personal and family relations (for example marriage, adoption, slavery), commercial law and economic transactions, and legal procedure in Gortyn. The chapter also integrates the discussion of the Gortyn code within the wider research question of the unity and diversity of Greek law, and compares Cretan procedures with those attested in other poleis.
Influences of the Control of Fire on the Energy Value and Composition of the Human Diet
Authors: Wrangham Richard , Carmody Rachel 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Cooking is unique to our species and a human universal, but until recently little has been known about its nutritional significance. This chapter reviews evidence that cooking predictably increases the net energy gained from food. The control of fire would therefore have supported rising energy budgets and novel adaptations, including reductions in digestive structures. Dietary composition would have been affected in two opposing ways. The control of fire would have allowed increased access to various food items, including honey and toxin-rich foods. However, because cooking increases dietary quality, a complementary effect would have been to narrow dietary breadth for a given population. Most archaeological evidence suggests that cooking became obligatory by the late Lower or Middle Palaeolithic (or African Stone Age), whereas biological evidence suggests that humans have relied on cooked food since the early Lower Palaeolithic.
Late Scholastic Just War Theory
Authors: Schwartz Daniel 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This chapter addresses some of the major just war questions engaged by late scholastic theologians such as Francisco de Vitoria, Gabriel Vázquez, Francisco Suárez, and Luis de Molina. The chapter starts by presenting their favored judicial model of war and then focuses on three ius ad bellum requirements: just cause, legitimate authority, and right intention. This section also discusses the positions of the late scholastics on the possibility of wars that are just on both sides, the moral equality of soldiers, and the moral gravity of the subject’s refusal to fight in his country’s morally doubtful wars. The following section explores ius in bello. It examines the principle that innocents in war are immune from direct targeting and exceptions to this principle, the moral rules governing the side-effect killing of innocents in war, and the morally permitted defensive means available to potential victims of such side-effect harms.
Characterization of a thalamic nucleus mediating habenula responses to change in illumination
Authors: Cheng Ruey-Kuang , Krishnan Seetha , Lin Qian , Kibat Caroline , Jesuthasan Suresh 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundNeural activity in the vertebrate habenula is affected by changes in ambient illumination. The nucleus that links photoreceptors with the habenula is not well characterized. Here, we describe the location, inputs and potential function of this nucleus in larval zebrafish.ResultsHigh-speed calcium imaging shows that onset and offset of light evokes a rapid response in the dorsal left neuropil of the habenula, indicating preferential targeting of this neuropil by afferents mediating response to change in irradiance. Injection of a lipophilic dye into this neuropil led to bilateral labeling of a nucleus in the anterior thalamus that responds to onset and offset of light, and that receives innervation from the retina and pineal organ. Lesioning the neuropil of this thalamic nucleus reduced the habenula response to light. Optogenetic stimulation of the thalamus with channelrhodopsin-2 caused depolarization in the habenula, while manipulation with anion channelrhodopsins inhibited habenula response to light and disrupted climbing and diving that is evoked by irradiance change.ConclusionsA nucleus in the anterior thalamus of larval zebrafish innervates the dorsal left habenula. This nucleus receives input from the retina and pineal, responds to increase and decrease in irradiance, enables habenula responses to change in irradiance, and may function in light-evoked vertical migration.
Conceptual modelling of the public sphere in public libraries
Authors: Widdersheim Michael M. , Koizumi Masanori 
Published: April 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to construct a conceptual model of the public sphere in public libraries. Various international authors over the past 20 years have associated the public sphere with public libraries, but these associations have yet to be clarified and synthesized in a comprehensive way.Design/methodology/approach– This study used qualitative content analysis to identify the dimensions of the public sphere in public libraries. The study’s scope included annual reports from an urban US public library system from 1900 to 2010.Findings– Six dimensions of the public sphere in public libraries are described with examples. The dimensions are: core criteria; internal public sphere; external public sphere; collect and organize discourse; perform legitimation processes; and facilitate discourse. Three of these dimensions are newly identified. The six total dimensions are synthesized into a comprehensive conceptual model with three discourse arenas: governance and management; legitimation; and commons.Originality/value– This study is distinctive because it used a data-based, empirical approach to public libraries to an abstract sociological concept. Three dimensions of the model are new to library studies literature and therefore represent new potential areas of inquiry. The resulting conceptual model is useful for both practitioners and researchers in the public library sector. Further, the model contributes to existing social and political theory.
“The most passionate cover I’ve seen”: emotional information in fan-created U2 music videos
Authors: Rasmussen Pennington Diane 
Published: April 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore how both producers and consumers of user-created music videos on YouTube communicate emotional information.Design/methodology/approach– In total, 150 filmic documents containing fan-generated versions of U2’s “Song for Someone” were purposively collected. The author used discourse analysis to understand the types of videos created, the communication of emotional information from both the producers and the consumers, the social construction of emotion in the filmic documents, and elements of intertextuality that represented emotion.Findings– Fans created videos containing cover versions, original versions of the song with new visual content, and tutorials about how to play the song. Producers of cover versions communicated emotional information, especially tenderness, through facial expression, their surroundings, and corresponding musical elements. Producers’ visual content expressed emotion through meaningful photographs and sad stories. Producers’ descriptions revealed emotion as well. Emotions were individually experienced and socially constructed. Consumers conveyed emotion through likes, dislikes, and expressive positive comments. Intertextuality communicated passion for U2 through tour references, paraphernalia displays, band photographs, imitating the band, and musical mashups.Practical implications– Information science can work towards a new generation of multimedia information retrieval systems that incorporate emotion in order to help users discover documents in meaningful ways that move beyond keyword and bibliographic searches.Originality/value– This is one of the earliest research papers in the area of emotional information retrieval (EmIR).
The choice of the ability estimate with asymptotically correct standardized person‐fit statistics
Authors: Sinharay Sandip 
Published: April 2016

Snijders (2001, Psychometrika, 66, 331) suggested a statistical adjustment to obtain the asymptotically correct standardized versions of a specific class of person‐fit statistics. His adjustment has been used to obtain the asymptotically correct standardized versions of several person‐fit statistics including the statistic (Drasgow et al., 1985, Br. J. Math. Stat. Psychol., 38, 67), the infit and outfit statistics (e.g., Wright & Masters, 1982, Rating scale analysis, Chicago, IL: Mesa Press), and the standardized extended caution indices (Tatsuoka, 1984, Psychometrika, 49, 95). Snijders (2001), van Krimpen‐Stoop and Meijer (1999, Appl. Psychol. Meas., 23, 327), Magis et al. (2012, J. Educ. Behav. Stat., 37, 57), Magis et al. (2014, J. Appl. Meas., 15, 82), and Sinharay (2015b, Psychometrika, doi:10.1007/s11336‐015‐9465‐x, 2016b, Corrections of standardized extended caution indices, Unpublished manuscript) have used the maximum likelihood estimate, the weighted likelihood estimate, and the posterior mode of the examinee ability with the adjustment of Snijders (2001). This paper broadens the applicability of the adjustment of Snijders (2001) by showing how other ability estimates such as the expected a posteriori estimate, the biweight estimate (Mislevy & Bock, 1982, Educ. Psychol. Meas., 42, 725), and the Huber estimate (Schuster & Yuan, 2011, J. Educ. Behav. Stat., 36, 720) can be used with the adjustment. A simulation study is performed to examine the Type I error rate and power of two asymptotically correct standardized person‐fit statistics with several ability estimates. A real data illustration follows.
Controls on erosion patterns and sediment transport in a monsoonal, tectonically quiescent drainage, Song Gianh, central Vietnam
Authors: Jonell Tara N. , Clift Peter D. , Hoang Long V. , Hoang Tina , Carter Andrew , Wittmann Hella , Böning Philipp , Pahnke Katharina , Rittenour Tammy 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe Song Gianh is a small‐sized (~3500 km2), monsoon‐dominated river in northern central Vietnam that can be used to understand how topography and climate control continental erosion. We present major element concentrations, together with Sr and Nd isotopic compositions, of siliciclastic bulk sediments to define sediment provenance and chemical weathering intensity. These data indicate preferential sediment generation in the steep, wetter upper reaches of the Song Gianh. In contrast, detrital zircon U‐Pb ages argue for significant flux from the drier, northern Rao Tro tributary. We propose that this mismatch represents disequilibrium in basin erosion patterns driven by changing monsoon strength and the onset of agriculture across the region. Detrital apatite fission track and10Be data from modern sediment support slowing of regional bedrock exhumation rates through the Cenozoic. If the Song Gianh is representative of coastal Vietnam then the coastal mountains may have produced around 132 000–158 000 km3of the sediment now preserved in the Song Hong‐Yinggehai Basin (17–21% of the total), the primary depocenter of the Red River. This flux does not negate the need for drainage capture in the Red River to explain the large Cenozoic sediment volumes in that basin but does partly account for the discrepancy between preserved and eroded sediment volumes.OSLages from terraces cluster in the Early Holocene (7.4–8.5 ka), Pre‐Industrial (550–320 yearBP) and in the recent past (ca. 150 yearBP). The older terraces reflect high sediment production driven by a strong monsoon, whereas the younger are the product of anthropogenic impact on the landscape caused by farming. Modern river sediment is consistently more weathered than terrace sediment consistent with reworking of old weathered soils by agricultural disruption.
Incidence of permanent hypocalcaemia after total thyroidectomy with or without central neck dissection for thyroid carcinoma: a nationwide claim study
Authors: Seo Gi Hyeon , Chai Young Jun , Choi Hyung Jin , Lee Kyu Eun 
Published: April 2016

SummaryObjectivePermanent hypocalcaemia is the most common and serious complication after total thyroidectomy (TT). This study examined the impact of central neck dissection (CND) and institutional volume on rates of permanent hypocalcaemia by analysing data held in the nationwide claim database of South Korea.DesignData from patients who underwent TT due to thyroid carcinoma from 2007–2013 were obtained from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database. Of these, patients prescribed more than 1000 mg of elemental calcium for more than 288 days during the first 360 days postsurgery were defined as having permanent hypocalcaemia.ResultsIn total, 192 333 patients (32 988 male and 159 345 female) were eligible for analysis. Of these, 52 707 (27·4%) underwent TT alone and 139 626 (72·6%) underwent TT plus CND. The incidence of permanent hypocalcaemia was greater in the TT plus CND group than in the TT alone group (5·4% vs 4·6%, P < 0·001). The age‐ and sex‐adjusted risk for permanent hypocalcaemia in the TT plus CND group was 1·20 (P < 0·001). CND did not raise the rates of permanent hypocalcaemia in institutes with a low volume of annual cases (<200), whereas permanent hypocalcaemia was more common in the TT plus CND group than in the TT alone group (3·5% vs 2·9%, P = 0·002) in institutes with a large volume of annual cases (≥800).ConclusionsTT plus CND was associated with a greater risk of permanent hypocalcaemia than TT alone. Surgeons should consider the risk of permanent hypocalcaemia when deciding whether to perform CND.
The Effectiveness of E‐Learning Systems: A Review of the Empirical Literature on Learner Control
Authors: Sorgenfrei Christian , Smolnik Stefan 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTE‐learning systems are considerably changing education and organizational training. With the advancement of online‐based learning systems, learner control over the instructional process has emerged as a decisive factor in technology‐based forms of learning. However, conceptual work on the role of learner control in e‐learning has not advanced sufficiently to predict how autonomous learning impacts e‐learning effectiveness. To extend the research on the role of learner control in e‐learning and to examine its impact on e‐learning effectiveness, this study reviews 54 empirical articles on learner control during the period 1996–2013. The findings are then applied to derive a conceptual framework as a reference model to illustrate how learner control affects e‐learning effectiveness. The findings provide new insights into the role and different dimensions of learner control in e‐learning with implications for learning processes and learning outcomes.
The Determinants of Students’ Perceived Learning Outcomes and Satisfaction in University Online Education: An Update*
Authors: Eom Sean B. , Ashill Nicholas 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTA stream of research over the past decade that identifies predictors of e‐learning success suggests that there are several critical success factors (CSFs) that must be managed effectively to fully realize promise for e‐learning. Grounded in constructivist learning theories, this study advances previous work on CSFs in university online education. Structural equation modeling is applied to examine the determinants of students’ satisfaction and their perceived learning outcomes in the context of university online courses. The independent variables of motivation (intrinsic and extrinsic), student self‐regulation, dialogue (instructor‐student, and student‐student), instructor, and course design are examined as potential determinants of online learning outcomes. A total of 372 responses from students who have completed at least one online course at a university in the Midwestern United States were used to examine the structural model. Findings indicate that instructor‐student dialogue, student‐student dialogue, instructor, and course design significantly affect students’ satisfaction and learning outcomes. However, both extrinsic student motivation and student self‐regulation have no significant relationship with user satisfaction and learning outcomes. Finally, intrinsic student motivation affects learning outcomes but not user satisfaction. The findings suggest that course design, instructor, and dialogue are the strongest predictors of user satisfaction and learning outcomes.
Life strategies of cephalopod paralarvae in a coastal upwelling system (NW Iberian Peninsula): insights from zooplankton community and spatio‐temporal analyses
Authors: Roura Álvaro , Antón Álvarez‐Salgado X. , González Ángel F. , Gregori María , Rosón Gabriel , Otero Jaime , Guerra Ángel 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe early life stages of cephalopods ‐ octopods, squids, sepiolids and ommastrephids ‐, are uncommon in zooplankton samples and little is known about their life strategies. Accordingly, cephalopod paralarvae were examined in the upwelling ecosystem of the Ría de Vigo (NW Spain) at night from 2008 to 2010. Multivariate analyses and generalized linear models (GLMs) were used to explore relationships between cephalopod paralarvae and the zooplankton communities that they inhabited in 2008. In addition, the foraging strategy and prey preferences of Octopus vulgaris paralarvae within these communities were determined. Multivariate and GLM results showed a strong association of cephalopod paralarvae with coastal and frontal zooplankton communities. Octopus paralarvae were shown to be specialist predators with a strong preference for decapod zoeae in each of the communities examined. Using the three years of sampling, GLM analyses of paralarval spatio‐temporal variations in relation with the upwelling strength showed a positive relationship with upwelling intensity for O. vulgaris and sepiolids, as well as contrasting temporal, horizontal and vertical distributions for the different paralarvae analysed. Under strong upwelling events, Octopus paralarvae were more abundant in surface waters, whereas the abundance of loliginids and sepiolids was higher in the water column. This vertical behaviour in conjunction with the physical conditions of the Western Iberian Upwelling ecosystem suggests the coexistence of two different life strategies: a coastal strategy displayed by loliginid and sepiolid paralarvae that are retained over the shelf, and an oceanic strategy displayed by O. vulgaris paralarvae that are dispersed far from the shelf.
Variability of preferred environmental conditions for Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) larvae in the Gulf of Mexico during 1993–2011
Authors: Domingues Ricardo , Goni Gustavo , Bringas Francis , Muhling Barbara , Lindo‐Atichati David , Walter John 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe Gulf of Mexico (GOM) is the primary spawning ground for western Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus). In this work, information reported by previous studies about the preferred environmental conditions for the occurrence of bluefin tuna larvae in the GOM is integrated into a dimensionless index, the BFT_Index. This index is used to evaluate the spatial and temporal variability of areas with favorable environmental conditions for larvae within the GOM during 1993–2011. The main findings of this work are that: (i) the proposed index successfully captures the spatial and temporal variability in the in situ occurrence of bluefin tuna larvae; (ii) areas with favorable environmental conditions for larvae in the GOM exhibit year‐to‐year spatial and temporal variability linked with mesoscale ocean features and sea surface temperature; and (iii) comparison of the BFT_Index‐derived variability with recruitment of age‐0 fish estimated from recent stock assessment indicates that changes in environmental conditions may drive a relevant component (~58%) of the recruitment variability. The comparison with the recruitment dataset further revealed the existence of key regions linked with recruitment in the central/northern GOM, and that the Loop Current may function as a trap for larvae, possibly leading to low survival rates. Above (below) average conditions for occurrence of larvae in the GOM during spring were observed in 2000, 2001, 2002, 2006–2008, and 2011 (1994, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2003 and 2010). Results reported here have potential applications to assessment of bluefin tuna.