bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastroenterology
Authors: Wilkinson Ian B. , Raine Tim , Wiles Kate , Goodhart Anna , Hall Catriona , O’Neill Harriet 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This chapter explores gastroenterology, including healthy, enjoyable eating, mouth observations, endoscopy and biopsy, dysphagia, nausea and vomiting, dyspepsia and peptic ulcer disease, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), upper gastrointestinal bleeding, diarrhoea, constipation, ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn’s disease, gastrointestinal malabsorption, Coeliac disease, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), nutritional disorders, chronic pancreatitis, carcinoma of the pancreas, carcinoid tumours, jaundice, liver failure, cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, alcoholism, primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), Wilson’s disease/hepatolenticular degeneration, liver tumours, hereditary haemochromatosis (HH), and α1-antitrypsin (A1AT) deficiency.
Haematology
Authors: Wilkinson Ian B. , Raine Tim , Wiles Kate , Goodhart Anna , Hall Catriona , O’Neill Harriet 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This chapter presents all aspects of haematology, including the history of haematology, iron-deficiency anaemia, anaemia of chronic disease, sideroblastic anaemia, peripheral blood film, differential white cell count, macrocytic anaemia, B12 deficiency and pernicious anaemia, haemolytic anaemia, sickle-cell anaemia, thalassaemia, bleeding disorders, coagulations pathways, blood transfusion and blood products, anticoagulants, leukaemia and the on-call junior doctor, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, acute myeloid leukaemia, chronic myeloid leukaemia, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, pancytopenia and bone marrow failure, myeloproliferative disorders, myeloma, paraproteinaemia, amyloidosis, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), plasma viscosity (PV), hyperviscosity syndrome, spleen and splenectomy, thrombophilia, and immunosuppressive drugs.
Infectious diseases
Authors: Wilkinson Ian B. , Raine Tim , Wiles Kate , Goodhart Anna , Hall Catriona , O’Neill Harriet 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This chapter discusses infectious diseases, and includes bacterial infection, antibiotics, gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, tuberculosis (TB), influenza, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnosis, complications, and HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART), herpes, immunization, fungi, healthcare-associated (nosocomial) infection, sexually transmitted infection, fever in the returning traveller, enteric fever, malaria, mosquito-borne disease, vector-borne disease, zoonoses, viral haemorrhagic fever (VHF), gastroenteritis, gastrointestinal parasites, schistosomiasis and liver disease, neurological disease, eye disease, skin disease, and pyrexia of unknown origin.
Oncology and palliative care
Authors: Wilkinson Ian B. , Raine Tim , Wiles Kate , Goodhart Anna , Hall Catriona , O’Neill Harriet 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This chapter discusses oncology and palliative care, including looking after people with cancer, cancer genetics, diagnosis, medicine, surgery, and radiotherapy, interventional oncology, oncology emergencies, paraneoplastic syndromes, tumour markers, and palliative care principles, pain, and care in the last days of life.
Rheumatology
Authors: Wilkinson Ian B. , Raine Tim , Wiles Kate , Goodhart Anna , Hall Catriona , O’Neill Harriet 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This chapter explores rheumatology, including rheumatological history, assessing the locomotor system, rheumatological investigations, back pain, osteoarthritis (OA), septic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), gout, CPPD arthropathy, ankylosing spondylitis (AS), enteropathic, psoriatic, and reactive arthritis, systemic sclerosis, mixed connective tissue disease, relapsing polychondritis, polymyositis and dermatomyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), giant cell arteritis, polyarteritis nodosa, microscopic polyangiitis, polymyalgia rheumatica, fibromyalgia, ocular manifestations, dermatological manifestations, acute SLE, acute systemic vasculitis, acute cord compression, GCA, methotrexate-induced pneumonitis, neutropenic sepsis, scleroderma: pulmonary hypertensive or renal crisis, and septic arthritis
Surgery
Authors: Wilkinson Ian B. , Raine Tim , Wiles Kate , Goodhart Anna , Hall Catriona , O’Neill Harriet 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This chapter discusses surgery, including the language of surgery, pre-operative care, consent, prophylactic antibiotics in surgery, sutures, anaesthesia, control of pain, post-op complications, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), swollen legs, stoma care, nutritional support in hospital, parenteral (intravenous) nutrition, diabetic patients, jaundiced patients, patients on anticoagulants, patients on steroids, minimally invasive and day case surgery, lumps in head, neck and skin, breast carcinoma, abdominal masses, acute abdomen, acute appendicitis, obstruction of the bowel, hernias, colorectal carcinoma, gastro-oesophageal carcinomas, bowel ischaemia, gastric surgery and its aftermath, fundoplication for GORD, oesophageal rupture, surgical management of obesity, diverticular disease, perianal problems, haemorrhoids, hepatobiliary surgery, renal stones, urinary tract obstruction, benign prostatic hyperplasia, retroperitoneal fibrosis, urinary tract malignancies, bladder tumours, urinary incontinence, lumps in the groin and scrotum, testes, aneurysms of arteries, thoracic aortic dissection, peripheral arterial disease, varicose veins (VVS), gangrene and necrotizing fasciitis, and skin ulcers.
Clinical chemistry
Authors: Wilkinson Ian B. , Raine Tim , Wiles Kate , Goodhart Anna , Hall Catriona , O’Neill Harriet 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This chapter explores clinical chemistry, including the normal range, laboratory medicine, major disease patterns in biochemistry, lab results indicating emergencies, fluid balance, IV fluid therapy, electrolyte physiology and the kidney, acid–base balance, hypernatraemia, hyponatraemia, syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH), hyperkalaemia, hypokalaemia, calcium and phosphate physiology, hypercalcaemia, hypocalcaemia, phosphate, magnesium, zinc, selenium, urate and the kidney, osteoporosis, osteomalacia, Paget’s disease of bone, plasma proteins, urinary proteins, plasma enzymes, hyperlipidaemia, and the porphyrias.
Radiology
Authors: Wilkinson Ian B. , Raine Tim , Wiles Kate , Goodhart Anna , Hall Catriona , O’Neill Harriet 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This chapter explores radiology, including typical effective doses, justifying exposure to ionizing radiation, the art of the request, interpreting an image, presenting an image, chest X-ray (CXR), plain abdominal X-ray, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound (US), nuclear medicine, thoracic imaging, cardiovascular imaging, gastrointestinal imaging, genitourinary imaging, neuroimaging, contrast media in imaging, and imaging the acutely unwell patient.
The Pain Disability Questionnaire (PDQ): evaluating the efficacy of the psychosocial and functional subscales for 12-month post-treatment outcomes after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Gray Avia , Ramos Stephen , Howard Krista , Bryson Brooke , Ellis Henry B. 
Published: September 2017

Background:
The Patient Disability Questionnaire (PDQ) has been shown to have good predictive validity for outcomes after total hip arthroplasty (TKA). However, the PDQ subscales (psychosocial and functional disability) have not been assessed independently. This study assesses 1-year surgical outcomes based on the PDQ’s psychosocial and functional disability subscale scores.

Methods:
The sample included 130 participants undergoing TKA. Physical and psychosocial measures included the PDQ, Knee Society Score (KSS), Western Ontario McMaster Arthritic Index (WOMAC), and the Short Form-36 Health Inventory (SF-36). Univariate correlations were used to cross-validate all subscales. Multivariate gamma and linear regressions were used to associate PDQ functional and psychosocial disability subscale scores with WOMAC and SF-36, 1 yr after TKA.

Results:
Poorer PDQ psychosocial scores were associated with being younger, black or Hispanic, and using Medicaid. Poorer functional disability scores were associated with being younger, female, black or Hispanic, and using Medicaid or without insurance. Multivariate regressions revealed that baseline PDQ psychosocial and functional disability were both significantly associated with 1-year WOMAC total scores and 1-year SF-36 Mental Composite Scores.

Conclusions:
The PDQ is useful in predicting 1-year outcomes for patients undergoing TKA. Worse baseline PDQ subscale scores indicated worse quality of life, more pain and stiffness of the joints, as determined by comparative WOMAC and SF-36 scores. Clinical implications from this study suggest screening patients before surgery to identify factors that could hinder recovery time or cause pain or function remission in adults undergoing TKA.
Homeless No More
Authors: Caldwell Robin , Meraz Rebecca , Sweeney Reverend Robert 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT:
Caring for vulnerable and marginalized populations is a central tenet of professional nursing, and of Christian service. Due to the scope and complexities of problems associated with homelessness, nurses may feel overwhelmed and ill-equipped to serve homeless individuals. Strategies for ending homelessness largely include resource-intensive, publicly supported housing and comprehensive physical and mental health services. The role of spirituality in recovery from homelessness has not been widely examined. This article describes one homeless shelter's successful Christ-centered, comprehensive approach to helping individuals recover from homelessness. The integral role of the nurse in the multidisciplinary team and practical nursing interventions are described.
Thyroid Radiation Dose to Patients from Diagnostic Radiology Procedures over Eight Decades
Authors: Chang Lienard A. , Miller Donald L. , Lee Choonsik , Melo Dunstana R. , Villoing Daphnée , Drozdovitch Vladimir , Thierry-Chef Isabelle , Winters Sarah J. , Labrake Michael , Myers Charles F. , Lim Hyeyeun , Kitahara Cari M. , Linet Martha S. , Simon Steven L. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This study summarizes and compares estimates of radiation absorbed dose to the thyroid gland for typical patients who underwent diagnostic radiology examinations in the years from 1930 to 2010. The authors estimated the thyroid dose for common examinations, including radiography, mammography, dental radiography, fluoroscopy, nuclear medicine, and computed tomography (CT). For the most part, a clear downward trend in thyroid dose over time for each procedure was observed. Historically, the highest thyroid doses came from the nuclear medicine thyroid scans in the 1960s (630 mGy), full-mouth series dental radiography (390 mGy) in the early years of the use of x rays in dentistry (1930s), and the barium swallow (esophagram) fluoroscopic exam also in the 1930s (140 mGy). Thyroid uptake nuclear medicine examinations and pancreatic scans also gave relatively high doses to the thyroid (64 mGy and 21 mGy, respectively, in the 1960s). In the 21st century, the highest thyroid doses still result from nuclear medicine thyroid scans (130 mGy), but high thyroid doses are also associated with chest/abdomen/pelvis CT scans (18 and 19 mGy for males and females, respectively). Thyroid doses from CT scans did not exhibit the same downward trend as observed for other examinations. The largest thyroid doses from conventional radiography came from cervical spine and skull examinations. Thyroid doses from mammography (which began in the 1960s) were generally a fraction of 1 mGy. The highest average doses to the thyroid from mammography were about 0.42 mGy, with modestly larger doses associated with imaging of breasts with large compressed thicknesses. Thyroid doses from dental radiographic procedures have decreased markedly throughout the decades, from an average of 390 mGy for a full-mouth series in the 1930s to an average of 0.31 mGy today. Upper GI series fluoroscopy examinations resulted in up to two orders of magnitude lower thyroid doses than the barium swallow. There are considerable uncertainties associated with the presented doses, particularly for characterizing exposures of individual identified patients. Nonetheless, the tabulations provide the only comprehensive report on the estimation of typical radiation doses to the thyroid gland from medical diagnostic procedures over eight decades (1930–2010). These data can serve as a resource for epidemiologic studies that evaluate the late health effects of radiation exposure associated with diagnostic radiologic examinations.
UNILATERAL NEURORETINITIS AS A LATE-ONSET MANIFESTATION OF THE CHIKUNGUNYA FEVER: A CASE SERIES
Authors: Dávila Pedro J. , Toledo Allison , Ulloa-Padilla Jan P. , Izquierdo Natalio J. , Emanuelli Andrés 
Published: September 2017

Purpose:
To report 3 cases of unilateral neuroretinitis associated with the chikungunya fever (CHIKV).

Methods:
Retrospective noncomparative case series.

Results:
Three female patients with similar complains of blurry vision and decreased visual acuity that started several weeks after experiencing symptoms of the CHIKV. All patients had decreased best-corrected visual acuity and distortion on the Amsler grid in the affected eye. Evidence of unilateral optic nerve swelling and macular exudates was noted in all patients. No pharmacologic therapy was given. At 2-month follow-up evaluation, all patients had regained at least 3 lines in the Snellen chart, and subretinal fluid and optic nerve swelling had resolved.

Conclusion:
Unilateral neuroretinitis can present as a late-onset manifestation of CHIKV. Three patients with diagnosis of CHIKV developed unilateral neuroretinitis weeks after the acute viral syndrome, suggesting a possible immunological etiology for this manifestation. To our knowledge, this is the first case series of CHIKV leading to neuroretinitis in the Western World.
CAPNOCYTOPHAGA CANIMORSUS ENDOPHTHALMITIS AFTER CATARACT SURGERY LINKED TO SALIVARY DOG-TO-HUMAN TRANSMISSION
Authors: Thommen François , Opota Onya , Greub Gilbert , Jaton Katia , Guex-Crosier Yan , Wolfensberger Thomas J. , Matet Alexandre 
Published: September 2017

Purpose:
To describe a case of acute postoperative bacterial endophthalmitis because of Capnocytophaga canimorsus after cataract surgery, with probable contamination through salivary droplets of dog two days after the procedure.

Methods:
An 83-year-old woman who underwent uncomplicated cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation, presented 12 days later with acute pain, redness, and vision loss in her left eye. Visual acuity was hand motion and clinical findings suggested the diagnosis of acute postoperative endophthalmitis. The patient underwent diagnostic vitrectomy, intravitreal ceftazidime/vancomycin injection and received oral moxifloxacin (400 mg/day). Two days later, she underwent complete pars-plana vitrectomy because of the absence of clinical improvement. Vitreous samples showed gram-negative bacterium on direct examination but cultures remained sterile, which prompted the realization of a broad-range bacterial polymerase chain reaction analysis.

Results:
Polymerase chain reaction on the vitreous sample detected C. canimorsus, a fastidious gram-negative bacterium of the oral canine flora. When asked for recent contact with dogs, the patient reported having proceeded to an intensive tooth care session for her dog at postoperative Day 2. Intravenous ceftriaxone (2 g/day) was added to the treatment. Anterior and posterior segment inflammation slowly resolved, and final visual acuity was 20/160.

Conclusion:
Although very rare, this complication suggests that patients undergoing ocular surgery should avoid contact with salivary secretions of pets during the early postoperative period. Diagnostic broad-range bacterial polymerase chain reaction is useful to detect unconventional or slow-growing agents in vitreous samples.
Chymotrypsinogen C Genetic Variants, Including c.180TT, Are Strongly Associated With Chronic Pancreatitis in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Grabarczyk Alicja Monika , Oracz Grzegorz , Wertheim-Tysarowska Katarzyna , Anna Kujko Aleksandra , Wejnarska Karolina , Kolodziejczyk Elwira , Bal Jerzy , Koziel Dorota , Kowalik Artur , Gluszek Stanislaw , Rygiel Agnieszka Magdalena 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
Genetic studies in adults/adolescent patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) identified chymotrypsinogen C (CTRC) genetic variants but their association with CP risk has been difficult to replicate. To evaluate the risk of CP associated with CTRC variants in CP pediatric patients-control study.

Methods:
The distribution of CTRC variants in CP pediatric cohort (n = 136, median age at CP onset 8 years) with no history of alcohol/smoking abuse was compared with controls (n = 401, median age 45).

Results:
We showed that p.Arg254Trp (4.6%) and p.Lys247_Arg254del (5.3%) heterozygous mutations are frequent and significantly associated with CP risk in pediatric patients (odds ratio [OR] = 19.1; 95% CI 2.8–160; P = 0.001 and OR = 5.5; 95% CI 1.6–19.4; P = 0.001, respectively). For the first time, we demonstrated that the c.180TT genotype of common p.Gly60Gly variant is strong, an independent CP risk factor (OR = 23; 95% CI 7.7–70; P < 0.001) with effect size comparable to p.Arg254Trp mutation. The other novel observation is that common c.493+51C>A variant, both CA and AA genotype, is significantly underrepresented in CP compared with controls (15% vs 35%; OR = 0.33; 95% CI 0.19–0.59; P < 0.001 and 2.8% vs 11%; OR = 0.24; 95% CI 0.06–0.85; P = 0.027, respectively).

Conclusions:
Our study provides evidence that CTRC variants, including c.180TT (p.Gly60Gly) are strong CP risk factors. The c.493+51C>A variant may play a protective role against CP development.
Loss of Magnet® Designation and Changes in RN Work Engagement
Authors: Wonder Amy Hagedorn , York Jacki , Jackson Kathryn L. , Sluys Teresa D. 
Published: September 2017

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to examine the loss of Magnet® designation and how RNs' work engagement changed at 1 community hospital.

BACKGROUND
The importance of RN work engagement to promote quality and safety is widely recognized in healthcare. Ongoing consistent research is critical to determine what organizational structures are needed to support RN work engagement.

METHODS
This was a comparative, descriptive, correlational study of RN cohorts at 2 time points: time 1 (T1), in 2011 during Magnet designation (n = 119), and time 2 (T2), in 2016, approximately 2 years after the loss of Magnet designation (n = 140).

RESULTS
The cohort of RNs at T2 reported significantly lower work engagement in the time period after the loss of Magnet designation when compared with the RN cohort at T1 during Magnet designation (P ≤ .0002).

CONCLUSION
These results provide insights for clinical leaders striving to support a culture of RN work engagement and quality care.
Newly Licensed RN Retention
Authors: Blegen Mary A. , Spector Nancy , Lynn Mary R. , Barnsteiner Jane , Ulrich Beth T. 
Published: September 2017

OBJECTIVES
The aims of this study were to examine the relationship between 1-year retention of newly licensed RNs (NLRNs) employed in hospitals and personal and hospital characteristics, and determine which characteristics had the most influence.

METHODS
A secondary analysis of data collected in a study of transition to practice was used to describe the retention of 1464 NLRNs employed by 97 hospitals in 3 states. Hospitals varied in size, location (urban and rural), Magnet® designation, and university affiliation. The NLRNs also varied in education, age, race, gender, and experience.

RESULTS
The overall retention rate at 1 year was 83%. Retention of NLRNs was higher in urban areas and in Magnet hospitals. The only personal characteristic that affected retention was age, with younger nurses more likely to stay.

CONCLUSION
Hospital characteristics had a larger effect on NLRN retention than personal characteristics. Hospitals in rural areas have a particular challenge in retaining NLRNs.
Embedding a Social Work–Led Behavioral Health Program in a Primary Care System: A 2012-2018 Case Study
Authors: Rehner Tim , Brazeal Michelle , Doty Stephanie T. 
Published: September 2017

Introduction:
The focus of this case study was the implementation of a fully integrated system of care that brought mental health into a federally qualified health center's primary care activities.

Objective:
The Mississippi Integrated Health and Disaster Program aimed to increase the federally qualified health center's capacity for providing mental health services and in so doing increase patients' access to mental and behavioral health services in primary care. Included are the historical origins of the program and the context in which these clinics operate, as well as successful processes that reduced barriers between medical providers and social workers and ultimately resulted in improved patient outcomes.

Results:
Data indicated that the Mississippi Integrated Health and Disaster Program's integrated health model significantly improved depression, anxiety, and self-care among chronic care patients.

Conclusion:
This integrated health approach transformed the treatment culture of patient care in primary care clinics and improved patient outcomes. This study highlights the benefits possible when behavioral health provided by social workers is fully integrated into primary care. This case study illustrates the importance of developing a care model that meets the patient populations' specific and varied needs while concurrently establishing an integrated service delivery culture within local clinics and within the organization's administrative structures.
A Retrospective Cohort Study on Payor Type and the Effect on Revisions in Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Odom Elizabeth B. , Sharma Ketan , Grant David W. , Buck Donald W. , Myckatyn Terence M. 
Published: September 2017

Background:
Patients who are insured by Medicare and Medicaid are less likely to undergo breast reconstruction than their privately insured counterparts. Whether insurance type also affects subsequent revisions remains unknown. This study explores the relationship among payor type, revision procedures, and the completion of breast reconstruction.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was created including patients who underwent breast reconstruction at the authors’ institution from 1996 to 2016. Data collected included age, cancer stage, race, laterality, initial breast reconstruction type, total number of procedures, number of trips to the operating room, and subsequent revisions. Analysis of covariance and logistic regression were used to estimate the controlled mean number of revisions and probability of completion of reconstruction as a function of insurance type.

Results:
A total of 3113 patients were included: 2271 (72.9 percent) with private insurance, 450 (14.5 percent) with Medicare, and 392 (12.6 percent) with Medicaid. On controlled analysis, there was no difference in total number of procedures, number of revisions, or number of trips to the operating room among the three insurance types. There was no difference in the proportion of patients undergoing symmetry procedures or nipple-areola reconstruction.

Conclusions:
To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate discrepancies in number of procedures, revisions, and the proportion of patients completing breast reconstruction among insurance types. When controlling for other factors, the authors report no differences in care based solely on payor type. Instead, patient and surgeon variables may be responsible for the differences observed, and should be targeted in future research to improve equity.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.