bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Efficient and Scalable Separation of Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes via Weak Field Centrifugation
Authors: Reis Wieland G. , Weitz R. Thomas , Kettner Michel , Kraus Alexander , Schwab Matthias Georg , Tomović Željko , Krupke Ralph , Mikhael Jules 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe identification of scalable processes that transfer random mixtures of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) into fractions featuring a high content of semiconducting species is crucial for future application of SWCNTs in high-performance electronics. Herein we demonstrate a highly efficient and simple separation method that relies on selective interactions between tailor-made amphiphilic polymers and semiconducting SWCNTs in the presence of low viscosity separation media. High purity individualized semiconducting SWCNTs or even self-organized semiconducting sheets are separated from an as-produced SWCNT dispersion via a single weak field centrifugation run. Absorption and Raman spectroscopy are applied to verify the high purity of the obtained SWCNTs. Furthermore SWCNT - network field-effect transistors were fabricated, which exhibit high ON/OFF ratios (105) and field-effect mobilities (17 cm2/Vs). In addition to demonstrating the feasibility of high purity separation by a novel low complexity process, our method can be readily transferred to large scale production.
Alternating Diet as a Preventive and Therapeutic Intervention for High Fat Diet-induced Metabolic Disorder
Authors: Ma Yongjie , Gao Mingming , Liu Dexi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis study presents the alternating diet as a new strategy in combating obesity and metabolic diseases. Lean or obese mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for five days and switched to a regular diet for one (5 + 1), two (5 + 2), or five (5 + 5) days before switching back to HFD to start the second cycle, for a total of eight weeks (for prevention) or five weeks (for treatment) without limiting animals’ access to food. Our results showed that animals with 5 + 2 and 5 + 5 diet alternations significantly inhibited body weight and fat mass gain compared to animals fed an HFD continuously. The dietary switch changed the pattern of daily caloric intake and suppressed HFD-induced adipose macrophage infiltration and chronic inflammation, resulting in improved insulin sensitivity and alleviated fatty liver. Alternating diet inhibited HFD-induced hepatic Pparγ-mediated lipid accumulation and activated the expression of Pparα and its target genes. Alternating diet in the 5 + 5 schedule induced weight loss in obese mice and reversed the progression of metabolic disorders, including hepatic steatosis, glucose intolerance and inflammation. The results provide direct evidence to support that alternating diet represents a new intervention in dealing with the prevalence of diet-induced obesity.
Broadband, partially unilateral active testset for network analyser
Authors: Ghosh D. , Kumar G. 
Published: May 2016

This Letter describes the design of a broadband testset which measures the reflection coefficient of an arbitrary load. The designed testset has four ports. The first port is for an RF input and the second is for the unknown load, while the remaining two ports are for a reflected power detector and a reference power detector, respectively. The testset adopts a divider‐combiner configuration and makes use of differential amplifier and compact, broadband two section power combiners to realise port matching networks at the intermediate stage and for phase cancellation at the last stage. The good phase cancellation is shown to result in high isolation over a broad frequency range. The testset achieves high load dynamic range from 28 to 35 dB in the frequency range of 500 MHz to 3 GHz. The high dynamic range over a broad bandwidth makes the designed testset suitable for use in network analysers.
The Relationship Between Gene Polymorphisms and Dipping Profile in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Wirtwein Marcin , Melander Olle , Sjőgren Marketa , Hoffmann Michal , Narkiewicz Krzysztof , Gruchala Marcin , Sobiczewski Wojciech 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The aim of this study is to report the relationship between certain single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and blunted nighttime blood pressure (BP) fall in patients with coronary artery disease confirmed by coronary angiography.

METHODS
According to the percentage decrease in mean systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) during the nighttime period, subjects were classified as dippers or nondippers (nighttime relative SBP or DBP decline ≥10% and &lt;10%, respectively). Genetic risk score (GRS18) was constructed to evaluate additive effect of 18 SNPs for nondipping status.

RESULTS
In the present study, 1,345 subjects with coronary heart disease (CHD) were included. During follow-up period (median 8.3 years, interquartile range 5.3–9.0 years), there were 245 all-cause deaths (18.2%) including 114 cardiovascular deaths (8.5%). There were significant differences in the number of revascularizations between nondippers SBP and DBP and dippers SBP and DBP (48.0% vs. 36.4%, P &lt; 0.01). SNPs of the genes, MIA3, MRAS, PCSK9, SMG6, and ZC3HC1, were related to a higher risk of nondipping SBP and DBP status.

CONCLUSIONS
In the present study, polymorphisms of genes related to CHD ( MIA3 , MRAS , PCSK9 , SMG6 , and ZC3HC1 ) were associated with nondipping SBP and DBP profile, and GRS18 was associated with nondipping status. In addition, this profile was related to a higher risk of revascularization.
Opportunities and challenges in developing risk prediction models with electronic health records data: a systematic review
Authors: Goldstein Benjamin A , Navar Ann Marie , Pencina Michael J , Ioannidis John P A 
Published: May 2016

Objective: Electronic health records (EHRs) are an increasingly common data source for clinical risk prediction, presenting both unique analytic opportunities and challenges. We sought to evaluate the current state of EHR based risk prediction modeling through a systematic review of clinical prediction studies using EHR data.Methods: We searched PubMed for articles that reported on the use of an EHR to develop a risk prediction model from 2009 to 2014. Articles were extracted by two reviewers, and we abstracted information on study design, use of EHR data, model building, and performance from each publication and supplementary documentation.Results: We identified 107 articles from 15 different countries. Studies were generally very large (median sample size = 26 100) and utilized a diverse array of predictors. Most used validation techniques (n = 94 of 107) and reported model coefficients for reproducibility (n = 83). However, studies did not fully leverage the breadth of EHR data, as they uncommonly used longitudinal information (n = 37) and employed relatively few predictor variables (median = 27 variables). Less than half of the studies were multicenter (n = 50) and only 26 performed validation across sites. Many studies did not fully address biases of EHR data such as missing data or loss to follow-up. Average c-statistics for different outcomes were: mortality (0.84), clinical prediction (0.83), hospitalization (0.71), and service utilization (0.71).Conclusions: EHR data present both opportunities and challenges for clinical risk prediction. There is room for improvement in designing such studies.
Extended non-local games and monogamy-of-entanglement games
Authors: Johnston Nathaniel , Mittal Rajat , Russo Vincent , Watrous John 
Published: May 2016

We study a generalization of non-local games—which we call
extended non-local games
—in which the players, Alice and Bob, initially share a tripartite quantum state with the referee. In such games, the winning conditions for Alice and Bob may depend on the outcomes of measurements made by the referee, on its part of the shared quantum state, in addition to Alice and Bob's answers to randomly selected questions. Our study of this class of games was inspired by the
monogamy-of-entanglement
games introduced by Tomamichel, Fehr, Kaniewski and Wehner, which they also generalize. We prove that a natural extension of the Navascués–Pironio–Acín hierarchy of semidefinite programmes converges to the optimal commuting measurement value of extended non-local games, and we prove two extensions of results of Tomamichel
et al.
concerning monogamy-of-entanglement games.
Serological evidence for localized and persistent antibody response in Zika virus-positive neonates with microcephaly (Brazil, 2015)- a secondary analysis
Authors: Lover Andrew A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA recent publication inThe Lancetby Cordeiro and colleagues reported levels of IgM for Zika (ZIKV) and dengue (DENV) viruses in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 31 infants born with microcephaly in Brazil.1Their study suggests higher titers in CSF relative to serum in individual neonates, but no quantitative comparisons were reported. In this short report, the differences in antibody titers are quantified and compared between sample sources; across sampling periods; and between sample sources within individual neonates to more comprehensively understand these data to inform serological surveillance. These are statistically significant differences in ZIKV titers between CSF and serum samples, (in contrast to DENV titers), and these ZIKV titer levels remain elevated across sampling dates, whereas the titer in serum trends downward by sampling date. In multivariate models, ZIKV titer in CSF samples isindependentof titer in serum, and of DENV antibodies in both CSF and serum. These findings quantify the compartmentalization of ZIKV antigens across the blood-brain barrier, and suggest complex interplay between ZIKV and cross-reacting DENV antigens in congenital/neonatal infections.NoteDataset for analysis appears to Appendix II.
EGAD: Ultra-fast functional analysis of gene networks
Authors: Ballouz Sara , Weber Melanie , Pavlidis Paul , Gillis Jesse 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSummaryEvaluating gene networks with respect to known biology is a common task but often a computationally costly one. Many computational experiments are difficult to apply exhaustively in network analysis due to run-times. To permit high-throughput analysis of gene networks, we have implemented a set of very efficient tools to calculate functional properties in networks based on guilt-by-association methods.EGAD(Extending ‘Guilt-by-Association’ byDegree) allows gene networks to be evaluated with respect to hundreds or thousands of gene sets. The methods predict novel members of gene groups, assess how well a gene network groups known sets of genes, and determines the degree to which generic predictions drive performance. By allowing fast evaluations, whether of random sets or real functional ones,EGADprovides the user with an assessment of performance which can easily be used in controlled evaluations across many parameters.Availability and ImplementationThe software package is freely available athttps://github.com/sarbal/EGADand implemented for use in R and Matlab. The package is also freely available under the LGPL license from the Bioconductor web site (http://bioconductor.org).ContactJGillis@cshl.eduSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available atBioinformaticsonline and the full manual athttp://gillislab.labsites.cshl.edu/software/egad-extending-guilt-by-association-by-degree/.
Do organisations in developing economies legitimise their level of profit? Evidence from Fiji
Authors: Prasad Acklesh , Green Peter , Heales Jon 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate whether organisations in developing economies legitimise their level of profit.

Design/methodology/approach
Organisations’ level of profit is evaluated against the readability of sections of information available in the corporate annual reports. These sections include the Chairman’s Report, the Chief Executive Officer Report and the Notes to the Accounts.

Findings
More profitable organisations report more readable information in their corporate annual reports. Information in the non-mandatory sections of the report (Notes to the Accounts) is more readable compared to the information in the mandatory sections of the report (Chairman’s Report). Larger organisations report more readable information. Public Enterprises report more readable information compared to the Publicly Listed Companies.

Research limitations/implications
Organisations in the developing economies are aware of their role in their society. They respond to instances of possible violation of the implied social contract by sharing information in ways that relays news in certain ways.

Practical implications
Evidence of presence of legitimising activities by organisations would imply the need to strengthen the regulatory and monitoring guidelines to ensure efficient use of society’s resources and a fair rent charge for the utilities.

Social implications
There is a greater need to monitor and question organisations’ level of earned profit to ensure it is necessary to maintain their operations.

Originality/value
This study is the first attempt to investigate organisations’ immediate legitimising activities in relation to their reported profit.
Advancing multilevel thinking and methods in HRM research
Authors: Renkema Maarten , Meijerink Jeroen , Bondarouk Tanya 
Published: May 2016

Purpose– Despite the growing belief that multilevel research is necessary to advance human resource management (HRM) understanding, there remains a lack of multilevel thinking – the application of principles for multilevel theory building. The purpose of this paper is to propose a systematic approach for multilevel HRM research.Design/methodology/approach– The paper proposes an agenda for multilevel HRM research by addressing three obstacles (concerning questions, theories and methods) that impede advancement in this field.Findings– The paper provides an inclusive definition of multilevel HRM research that serves to advance its use, and maps out a multilevel HRM research landscape that captures the various aspects of this concept. The paper identifies unanswered multilevel questions within 16 research domains and develops a systematic approach to tackle these research questions by invoking three relevant theories and methodologies.Research limitations/implications– Some of the identified research questions could not be answered due to limitations in mainstream multilevel theories and methodologies. In response, this paper proposes theories and methodologies that can address some of the multilevel HRM research questions identified in this paper.Practical implications– The findings can help HRM academics working on cross-disciplinary and cross-level research problems with a clearly structured approach to what multilevel HRM research is and what steps should be taken in conducting such research.Originality/value– The originality lies in the systematic approach that precisely describes multilevel HRM research, and addressing obstacles that inhibit rigorous and relevant multilevel HRM research by highlighting relevant research questions, theories and methodologies.
SEC adopts “crowdfunding” rules for start-up businesses: an easy way to bet on the next Google?
Authors: Gelfond Stuart , Eren Burcin 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
To summarize the technical guidelines for complying with the final crowdfunding rules issued by the US Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) after more than three years of consideration pursuant to the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (“JOBS Act”) to permit companies to offer and sell securities through crowdfunding.

Design/methodology/approach
Gives an overview of the JOBS Act and the proposed and final crowdfunding rules issued by the SEC; explains how start-ups and other companies can qualify under the final rules; summarizes the disclosure requirements for the issuers; explains the final rules regarding intermediary platforms; and summarizes the proposed rules to facilitate intrastate and regional securities offerings.

Findings
While new crowdfunding rules will enable start-up companies to raise money through the Internet in ways that were previously prohibited, the success of these rules in helping start-ups to raise capital easily and efficiently is still to be seen, as there are still significant restrictions and procedural hurdles for a would-be crowdfunding issuer, which makes crowdfunding costly, especially compared to other forms of capital raising.

Originality/value
Provides an overview and summary of the rules from experienced securities lawyers so that start-up companies and investors would be able to comply with the new rules.
Cybersecurity as a global concern in need of global solutions: an overview of financial regulatory developments in 2015
Authors: Comizio V. Gerard , Dayanim Behnam , Bain Laura 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
To provide financial institutions an overview of the developments in cybersecurity regulation of financial institutions during 2015 by the United States, the United Kingdom, and the European Union, as well as guidance for developing effective cyber-risk management programs in light of evolving cyber-threats and cyber-regulatory expectations.

Design/methodology/approach
Reviews US, UK and EU regulatory developments in the cybersecurity area and provides several best practice tips financial institutions should consider and implement to improve their cybersecurity compliance programs.

Findings
While cyber-threats and financial regulators’ expectations for cyber-security are constantly evolving, recent guidance and enforcement efforts by the US, UK and EU illustrate the need for financial institutions to develop effective cybersecurity programs that address current regulatory compliance requirements and prepare for emergency cyber responses.

Practical implications
Financial institutions should utilize the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council’s Cybersecurity Assessment Tool to assess their cyber-risk profile and cyber-preparedness.

Originality/value
Practical guidance from experienced financial regulatory and privacy lawyers that provides a survey of the current regulatory environment and recommendations for cyber-security compliance.
Cybersecurity enforcement actions: is the SEC bringing strict liability cases?
Authors: Rubin Brian , Xu Amy 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
To analyze how the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has sanctioned broker-dealers (BDs) and registered investment advisers (RIAs) when cybersecurity breaches have occurred and to discuss whether the SEC is imposing a strict liability approach.

Design/methodology/approach
Describes the cyber-attack of a small RIA, the remedial steps the RIA took after the attack, the SEC’s enforcement action, why this particular case is noteworthy, and the case’s implications for RIAs and BDs.

Findings
RIAs and perhaps BDs may face strict liability from the SEC if they are victims of cybersecurity attacks.

Practical implications
Firms may want to address the likelihood of an SEC enforcement action if a breach occurs by reviewing recent enforcement actions, SEC reports and statements, and FINRA reports and statements.

Originality/value
Discusses the possible future of SEC enforcement actions regarding cybersecurity breaches.
“Best interest” of whom?
Authors: Schaff Jeffery E. , Schaff Michele L. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
Explains the US Department of Labor’s newly proposed “Conflicts of Interest” rule and provides a critical analysis of its impact should it be adopted as proposed.

Design/methodology/approach
Explains the DOL’s proposed Conflict of Interest rule and discusses how it changes the current fiduciary standards of care under ERISA. The article then probes more deeply into the practical matters involved in implementing the rule, and into the realities of how it would impact fiduciary standards generally, investors, the financial services industry and securities arbitrations. Reactions to the proposed rule are then explained against the backdrop of the practical implications thereof.

Findings
This article concludes that the DOL’s proposed Conflict of Interest rule, albeit well-intended, is not reasonably designed to achieve its stated goal and would instead likely harm those whom it purports to help. Ironically, it also potentially waters down the existing high standards of current fiduciaries. The article supports the DOL’s goal of greater responsibility for financial service professionals and proffers an alternative solution that could achieve the desired result more effectively.

Originality/value
This article offers valuable insight on the realities of the proposed law and practical guidance on its implications to the investing public, the financial services industry and securities attorneys.
SEC approves long-anticipated FINRA research rules
Authors: Kroll Amy Natterson , Ayanian John 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
To analyze the changes to the FINRA equity research rules and evaluate concerns that may be important to and have an impact on equity research activities following the effective date.

Design/methodology/approach
This article provides an overview of the changes reflected in FINRA Rule 2241 pertaining to equity research analysts and research reports, as well as changes to licensing requirements for equity research analysts. It highlights potential issues for firms and provides some commentary on how these issues should be considered in light of FINRA’s articulated position and assurances FINRA has given to the SEC.

Findings
This article concludes that firms should anticipate these changes and begin a comprehensive review of research policies and procedures, the personnel who prepare research reports and the scope of their research products so as to be compliant with Rule 2241 from its effective date. Firms should also begin an investigation of technologies used to gather, produce and disseminate research and required disclosures to ensure they meet the new requirements when they are effective.

Originality/value
This article provides insight into the new FINRA Rule 2241 and practical guidance from experienced securities lawyers.
Ecological role of distinct fruit‐wing perianth color in synchronization of seed germination in Haloxylon salicornicum
Authors: Bhatt Arvind , Phartyal Shyam S , Nicholas Ashley 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHaloxylon salicornicum is a perennial shrub that grows in sandy and stony desert areas. This species produces two types of dispersal unit with yellow and pink winged perianths that are wind dispersed. This species has been considered as an excellent sand binder and can tolerate extreme temperature, drought and salinity. We compared the germination characteristics of both colored dispersal units (with and without a wing) under various light, temperature and salinity treatments. It was found that wing color, presence of wings, temperature and light have a significant effect on germination percentage and germination rate. The presence of a winged perianth significantly reduced the germination percentage and germination rate in both yellow and pink dispersal units. De‐winged yellow dispersal units were able to tolerate higher salinity and, therefore, their germination was higher in all the tested concentrations of NaCl compared with pink de‐winged dispersal units. However, salinity tolerance in both pink and yellow dispersal units decreased with increasing salinity concentration. The germination‐recovery percentage was also higher for yellow compared with pink dispersal units. The present study has demonstrated that both morphological and physiological differences exist in different colored dispersal units, which might represent the combination of different complementary adaptive strategies and have ecological significance for Haloxylon salicornicum's successful survival in harsh desert environmental conditions.