bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of the Activity of Antibiotic Resistance in Bacterial Causative Agents of Diarrhea among Children Under the Age of 5 Years
Authors: Al-Tuhmazi Huda A. , Al-Hisnawi Ali A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:

Escherichia coli is one of the most important bacterial agents that cause diarrhea in children.

Objectives:
The present study was carried out to investigate the bacterial causative agents of diarrhea in children, as well as the genes that encoded for antibiotic resistance to beta-lactams in E. coli isolated from the feces of children under the age of 5 years with symptoms of diarrhea and its relationship to antibiotic resistance.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred stool samples were collected from the diarrhea patients. Individually 15 samples of stool were planted on several culture media, and then the bacterial isolates were diagnosed using the Vitek 2 technique. After that an antibiotic sensitivity test was conducted. Forty isolates of E. coli were subjected to molecular detection by polymerase chain reaction.

Results:
The results of the sensitivity test showed that most of bacterial isolates were resistant to the all tested types of antibiotic. In contrast three (7.5%) bacterial isolates were resistant to the antibiotic Amikacin, which is the lowest percentage of resistance. The results of molecular identification showed that 12 (66%) isolates were carried the blaCTX-M gene, which was significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) compared to the isolates carrying the blaTEM gene 6 (33%) isolates.

Conclusion:
It can be concluded that E. coli isolated from diarrhea children under of 5 years old conferred of antibiotics resistances against a wide range of antibiotics tested could be due to genes (such as TEM and CTX-M) which encoded to this resistance activity.
Evaluation of Oxidative Stress in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Iraqi Patients
Authors: Al-Hattab Mohammed K. , Nahi Noor H. , Al-Kalidi Jinan H. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
This study evaluated the oxidative—antioxidative status of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and to establish the data alteration among the patients and the control.

Objectives:
To determine serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), serum uric acid (UA), and catalase enzyme as a markers of oxidative stress in the patients suffering from CL.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 46 patients with CL (22 males and 24 females) aged between 5 and 60 years were subjected to investigations. Out of the total sample, 42 healthy persons (28 males and 14 females) functioned as control group, patients who received anti-leishmaniasis treatment locally or systemically for their cutaneous lesions and also patients with chronic history of medical disease or drug history for systemic or dermatological diseases were not included in this study.

Results:
For comparative evaluation of oxidative stress markers between patients and control; there were a significant increase in lipid peroxidation marker; serum MDA and non-enzymatic antioxidant marker—serum UA in the patient group in comparison to the control group, with non-significant decrease in enzymatic antioxidant—serum catalase enzyme in patients as compared with control groups. There is negative significant relationship for decrease of catalase enzyme for patients with CL above age of 15 years. The study of the patients with CL that is, associated with secondary bacterial infection shows a significant decrease in serum catalase enzyme when compared with control group.

Conclusions:
1. The results of this study clearly demonstrate the importance of serum MDA as an early biochemical indicator of peroxidative damage resulting from CL. 2. Increased serum UA, and decrease in serum catalase enzyme provided a free radical scavenger’s action.
The Assessment of IL-4 and IgG1 Levels in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Periodontitis: A Serological Study in Hilla City, Iraq
Authors: Al Amery Mustafa Ibrahim , Mohammed Huda Abbas , Majeed Zeyad Nazar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Periodontal disease, which has a complex etiology, is prevalent and influenced by several factors, including microorganism invasion, host health, and external environmental factors, contributing to its development. It is unknown whether rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis are related.

Objectives:
The current study aims to assess the relationship between periodontitis and RA by measuring the concentrations of interleukin 4 (IL-4) and immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) in patients’ serum and quantifying Porphyromonas gingivalis in subgingival plaque samples.

Materials and Methods:
The study comprised patients with periodontitis, RA, and healthy controls. The levels of IL-4 and IgG1 in the serum samples were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The identification of subgingival plaque bacteria is made by using the polymerase chain reaction technique.

Results:
The results showed the levels of IgG1 were high in healthy people compared to those with periodontitis and those with periodontitis and arthritis, where the levels in healthy people were 2.3 ± 0.28, 2.06 ± 0.55, 2.05 ± 2.34, 1.82 ± 0.77 in the age groups 41:50, 20:30, 51:60, 31:40, respectively. It was found that there are significant differences between the values of IgG1 and IL-4 in patients with periodontitis at P ≤ 0.05 which is considered a differential sign.

Conclusion:
The concentrations of IL-4 and IgG1 are decreased in patients (periodontitis and periodontitis with rheumatoid arthritis) compared to their concentrations in healthy people. Thus, we indicate IL-4 was related to reducing the severity of periodontitis disease and RA.
Aminoglycoside Susceptibility among Extensive Drug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Hospitalized Patients in Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq
Authors: Jawad Shaimaa Shakir , Al-Azawi Ibtisam Habeeb 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most prevalent Gram-negative microbes associated with serious and fatal nosocomial infections. It is routine to use aminoglycosides as a treatment for P. aeruginosa infections.

Objectives:
The dissemination of aminoglycoside resistance offers a major challenge to the treatment of life-threatening infections caused by these bacteria.

Aim of Study:
Determination of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and 16S ribosomal RNA methylases in extensive-drug resistant (XDR) P. aeruginosa isolates.

Materials and Methods:
From November 2021 to August 2022, a total of 200 samples were collected in this cross-sectional study including burns (n = 80, 40%), wounds (n = 66, 33%), and diabetic foot ulcers (n = 54, 27%) from admitted patients to Al-Diwaniyah Burn Center and Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital. The identification and antibiotic susceptibility profile of P. aeruginosa were done by vitek2 compact system. The isolates were subjected to polymerase chain reaction assays with specific primers for ant(4’)-IIa, ant(4’)-IIb, acc(6’)-Ia, aph(3’)-IIb, rmtA, and rmtD.

Results:
The recovery rate of P. aeruginosa isolates was (n = 50, 25.0%) from the clinical samples. Antibiotic-susceptibility patterns demonstrated that 18% of the isolates were multi-drug resistant and 22 (44%) were XDR. The XDR isolates were resistant to all 14 antibiotics related to the seven antibiotic classes tested in this study. The prevalence of aminoglycoside resistance genes among XDR isolates is ant(4’)-IIa (22.7%), (4’)-IIb (27.3%), acc(6’)-Ia (18.18%), aph(3’)-IIb (100%), rmtA (36.36%), rmtD (36.36%), mexZ and parR (100%).

Conclusion:
Increased resistance to aminoglycosides in Al-Diwaniyah Hospitals serves to highlight how critical this issue is when treating multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa infections that are life-threatening. All the resistance isolates harbored aph(3’)-IIb gene.
Clinical Outcome of Manual Small-incision Cataract Surgery in Patients with Phacolytic Glaucoma
Authors: Ramappa Raghavendra , Parande Madhuri , Shaji Harsha , Hegde Shubhratha S. , Sukumary Niranjana 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aim and Objective:
To study the clinical outcome of cataract surgery in patients with phacolytic glaucoma.

Materials and Methods:
This is a hospital based prospective interventional study done on 50 eyes of 50 cases of phacolytic glaucoma conducted over one year. Following initial medical management, patients underwent lens extraction through manual small incision cataract surgery (SICS). Clinical examination, best corrected visual acuity and intraocular pressure were noted preoperatively as well as postoperatively.

Result:
A total of 50 patients were enrolled in this study with female to male ratio of 1.5:1. The mean age of presentation was 62.48 years. Preoperative vision in the affected eye was only perception of light in all of them and IOP measured at presentation was <30 mm Hg in 11 (22%), 30-40 mm in 17 (34%), 40-50 mm in 14 (28%) and >50 mm in 8 (16%). Thirty patients (60%) had good vision in fellow eye due to pseudophakia. The average duration between the first and second eye surgery was 1-3 years. 94% of our patients were from rural areas. All patients presented within one week of the onset of symptoms. All patients underwent manual small incision cataract surgery with rigid IOL implantation in 35 patients (70%), whereas 15 cases (30%) were left aphakic and planned for secondary IOL at a later date. Intraoperative complications noted were zonular dehiscence in 38%, anterior capsular calcification which led to difficulty in anterior capsulorhexis in 32%, peripheral rhexis runoff in 20%, subluxated lens in 12% and posterior capsular rupture in 14%. BCVA at the end of 1 month was >6/12 in 21 patients (42%), 6/12-6/18 in 14 patients (28%), and <6/18 in 15 patients (30%). Among the 15 patients with vision <6/18, 14 had low vision due to aphakia, and 1 had cystoid macular edema which was treated with systemic and oral steroids and topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents.

Conclusion:
We concluded that lens-induced glaucoma is a cause of preventable blindness, particularly in elderly patients. Factors such as ignorance, socioeconomic challenges, lack of awareness, absence of an escort, and good vision in the other eye contribute to delayed presentation. Early diagnosis and treatment, along with sequential cataract surgery, are crucial for achieving better visual outcomes and preventing complications like lens-induced glaucoma.
Venous thromboembolism risk and its assessment in hospitalized patients
Authors: Nicolaides Andrew N. , Fareed Jawed , Spyropoulos Alex C , Caprini Joe , Prandoni Paolo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The annual incidence of symptomatic deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and venous thromboembolic (VTE) (DVT plus pulmonary embolism) in the adult population is estimated to be 50–100 and 75–150/100,000, respectively, and the incidence doubles for every 10-year increase in age. Patients admitted to hospitals, both surgical and medical, are at particularly increased risk for VTE, and the problem has been shown to continue after discharge. The risk is increased by age, obesity, malignancy, history of VTE, family history of DVT, stay in the intensive care unit, hereditary or acquired thrombophilia, and more recently, an elevated D-dimer. This risk is also affected by the nature and duration of the operation, type of anesthesia, immobility, dehydration, sepsis, varicose veins, inflammatory bowel disease, hormone replacement therapy, pregnancy, and pregnancy-related complications (stillborn infant, unplanned abortions, placental insufficiency, and growth retarded infant). Several risk assessment scoring systems are now available for clinical use. The ones most commonly used are the Rogers, Caprini, and Chao-Yang in surgical patients and the Padua, International Medical Prevention Registry on Venous Thromboembolism, and IMPROVEDD in acutely ill medical patients. The mandatory use of a risk assessment tool on admission and in high VTE risk patients at discharge as well and implementation of an evidence-based pathway for thromboprophylaxis have made the prevention of many fatal pulmonary emboli after surgery or hospitalization a reality.
Surgical treatment of varicose veins reduces leg edema and generalized edema: Alleviating clinical symptoms throughout the body
Authors: Tomita Shinji , Koyama Yutaka , Inagaki Masahiro , Ozoe Satoki 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Edema presents itself in two primary forms: generalized edema and localized edema. Previous studies suggest that varicose veins contribute to systemic edema. We investigated if treating them could alleviate symptoms elsewhere. Case 1: A 58-year-old female with varicose veins underwent surgery, reducing edema and symptoms across the body. Case 2: A 75-year-old male experienced similar relief postsurgery. Body composition analysis supported systemic improvement. Facial and hand edema decreased, correlating with trunk edema reduction. These cases challenge the notion of varicose veins as solely local. Surgery not only targets leg edema but also alleviates systemic symptoms, warranting further investigation into varicose vein management’s broader impacts.
Transformed gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma originating in the colon and developing metachronously after Helicobacter pylori eradication: A case report
Authors: Saito Makoto , Tanei Zen-Ichi , Tsuda Masumi , Suzuki Toma , Yokoyama Emi , Kanaya Minoru , Izumiyama Koh , Mori Akio , Morioka Masanobu , Kondo Takeshi 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori ) eradication treatment for primary gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma has already been established. However, t (11;18) (q21;q21)/API2-MALT1 translocation-positive lesions are a type of primary gastric MALT lymphoma in which a response to eradication treatment is difficult to achieve. In addition, trisomy 18 may be associated with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) transformation of gastric MALT lymphoma.
CASE SUMMARY
A 66-year-old man was diagnosed with MALT lymphoma in the ascending colon by colonoscopy and biopsy. Two years later, esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed chronic atrophic gastritis that was positive for H. pylori , and eradication treatment was administered. Two years and nine months later (at the age of 70), a new ulcerative lesion suggestive of MALT lymphoma appeared in the gastric body, and six months later, a similar lesion was also found in the fundus. One year later (4 years and 3 months after H. pylori eradication), at the age of 72, the lesion in the gastric body had become deeper and had propagated. A biopsy revealed a pathological diagnosis of DLBCL. Both MALT lymphoma lesions in the ascending colon and DLBCL lesions in the stomach were positive for the t (11;18) (q21;q21)/API2-MALT1 translocation, and trisomy 18q21 was also detected. After 6 courses of R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone) chemotherapy, all of the above lesions disappeared [complete remission (CR)], and CR has been maintained for more than 3 years. In addition, both the colonic and gastric lesions were proven to have the same clonality.
CONCLUSION
Because the patient had a MALT1 translocation with trisomy 18q21, it was thought that this gastric MALT lymphoma developed independently of H. pylori infection and progressed.
A Comparative Study to assess the Treatment Cost of Ayurvedic Medicine (Ginger and Castor Oil) and Modern Medicine (DMARDs) in Amavata (Rheumatoid Arthritis)
Authors: Sunil Kumar  , Pandey Aparnesh , Rajendra Prasad  , Arun Kumar Singh  , Piyush Yadav  
Published: September 2024

Ama and Vata are the initial elements in the pathophysiology of Tridosha, whereas Amavata is a result of their vitiation. The expense of treatment is a major factor in the economic burden of RA for both the patient and the health and social care systems. Objective: a. To assess the socio-demographic conditions of the patients of Amavata. b. To compare the cost of a one-month treatment of ginger and castor oil with DMARD in the management of Amavata. Methodology: Total 72 patients of RA Fulfilling the inclusion criteria and having symptoms of RA were enrolled for this Interventional study. Patients were treated in two different groups- Group A- 36 clinically diagnosed and registered patients of Amavata were treated by DMARD Group B- 36 clinically diagnosed and registered patients of Amavata were treated with ginger and castor oil. After the completion of the study, total 62 patients came after one month of treatment, so we included 62 patients in this study. 32 patients in group A and 30 patients in group B Results: The average direct cost of treatment of RA patients in 2024 was estimated as Rs. 2669.17 ($31.96)/month in group A (DMARD Group) and Rs. 1386.69 ($16.62) in group B (Ginger and Castor oil). Major part of total direct costs was covered by medicines (Rs. 1583) in group A and Laboratory cost (Rs. 600) in group B. The ratio of one-month cost of DMARD and Ayurvedic medicine (ginger and castor oil) was 12:1. Discussion: The cost of Ayurvedic medicine was very low in comparison to DMARD. Ayurvedic Medicine ginger and castor oil were easily available, safe, effective and cheap.
GIS-technologies and algorithm for developing regional systems for handling medical waste on the example of three regions
Authors: Mironenko Olga V. , Buzinov Roman V. , Noskov Sergey N. , Magomedov Khamzat K. , Fedorova Ekaterina A. , Tovanova Anna A. 
Published: September 2024

Introduction. GIS is a modern computer technology designed for collecting, storing, analyzing and visualizing spatial data – mapping. GIS is also actively used in healthcare to solve many regional problems, including optimization and management of healthcare resources. Over last decade, many researchers have used mathematical software models for healthcare waste management. A review of the literature shows facility location, risk to the public, and economic feasibility to be among the issues that have been extensively covered in the literature. Designing a reverse logistics network using mathematical software tools is an efficient and effective way to manage healthcare waste.
The objective of the study. To determine the optimal approach to creating a functional model of a system for managing medical waste of class B and C using
GIS-technologies for each of the three regions, based on the characteristics of each.
Materials and methods. Medical institutions in three regions (St. Petersburg, Leningrad Region and Krasnoyarsk Territory) as sources of medical waste generation were considered taking into account their capacity and specialization. The composition and volumes of waste by class were determined using a calculation method based on indicative waste generation standards. The identification of local technologies for the neutralization of medical waste existing in medical institutions was carried out. The obtained data was processed statistically and displayed on electronic maps for subsequent use in GIS technologies, as well as for the development and justification of a waste management system for medical institutions, taking into account the prospects for the development of healthcare.
Results. Based on the analysis of data on medical waste of classes B and C in individual medical institutions, as well as an analysis of the power of existing technologies for neutralizing this waste using GIS technologies, proposals were developed to improve the medical waste management system in three regions.
The proposals are aimed at improving the sanitary and epidemiological situation in the regions over a five-year period and take into account the features of the existing transport infrastructure and the requirements of sanitary legislation.
Limitations. The model of a medical waste management system using GIS technologies was used only for managing waste of classes B and C.
Conclusion. To ensure the safe and environmentally sustainable functioning of the waste management system of classes B and C in the regions, it is necessary to apply an integrated approach based on GIS technologies. This approach should take into account the regional characteristics of the management of the medical waste disposal system and its economic feasibility and take into account the regional characteristics of transport logistics and the prospects for the development of healthcare.
Past, present, and future potential distributions of the African multipurpose tree Detarium senegalense (Fabaceae)
Authors: Dassou Gbèwonmèdéa Hospice , Agoundé Gafarou , Akouété Pathmos , Favi Gnimansou Abraham , Kpétikou Ghyslain Chabi , Salako Kolawolé Valère , Ouachinou Jéronime Marie-Ange Sènami , Makponsè Judicael , Kouyaté Amadou Malé , Sari İdris , Glèlè Kakaï Romain Lucas , Yédomonhan Hounnankpon , Adomou Aristide Cossi 
Published: September 2024

Background and aims – Climate change induces increasing temperatures and drought, with possible profound shifts in species’ presence and distribution. Ecological niche models are widely used to assess plant species responses to climate change. However, such data are scarce for West Africa, particularly for vulnerable multipurpose species. This study focuses on modelling the ecological niche and the conservation status of the multipurpose tree Detarium senegalense to improve insights into its habitat suitability in West Africa under past, present, and future climatic conditions. This will provide an essential basis for setting up global management plans through efficient conservation and ecological restoration policies.
Material and methods – The potential distribution of D. senegalense under past, current, and future climate scenarios were assessed using four algorithms including generalized additive models (GAM), generalized linear models (GLM), random forest (RF), and Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt). We also assessed the shift direction of suitable habitats and the conservation status of the species based on IUCN criteria. Overall, 220 occurrences were combined with a set of five bioclimatic variables to run the models.
Key results – Models performed well with good values of AUC (0.92) and TSS (0.73). Isothermality (41.10%) and Precipitation of Wettest Month (21.50%) contributed most to the distribution of the species. The distribution of D. senegalense was relatively constant from the past to the present but could decrease in the next decades. In the future, only 17.70% and 13.98% of the areas were predicted to be suitable under respectively ssp245 and ssp585. In protected areas, the suitable areas under ssp245 were estimated at 21.01% with a decrease of 2.50% and 14.60% with a decrease of 8.61% under ssp585 by 2050. The direction of the distribution shifted to the south-east under future climate scenarios. The conservation status assessment of the species is Least Concern (LC).
Conclusion – This study improves our understanding of the past, present-day, and future distribution of the species and provides support to better manage the conservation of D. senegalense in West Africa.