bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor of rectum diagnosed by three-dimensional anorectal ultrasound
Authors: Ratin Raphael Ferreira , Melão Suelen , dos Reis Lima Doryane Maria , Sagae Univaldo Etsuo , Kurachi Gustavo 
Published: December 2015

AbstractGastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are relatively rare lesions of mesenchymal origin, being more frequent in the stomach and small intestine. These are clinically asymptomatic lesions, and in advanced stages may present with nausea, vomiting, bleeding, abdominal pain, a palpable mass, and even intestinal obstruction. The only effective treatment consists of a complete tumor resection. We report two cases of GIST located in the distal rectum and evaluated with three-dimensional anorectal ultrasonography, a procedure of great value in identifying the size of the lesion, its involvement toward nearby structures and lymph node invasion.
A review of experimental models in colorectal carcinogenesis
Authors: Machado Vanessa Foresto , Feitosa Marley Ribeiro , da Rocha Jose Joaquim Ribeiro , Féres Omar 
Published: December 2015

AbstractColorectal cancer is the leading cause of malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract. A better understanding of the molecular and cellular changes that lead to the disease is necessary to develop early diagnosis and optimal treatment modalities. Rodent models are rapid, reproducible and exhibit an adenoma-carcinoma sequence similar to that found in humans. The objective of this manuscript is to review the most common chemical carcinogens used to induce experimental tumors and the usual methods of evaluation.
Receptor tyrosine kinase gene expression profiles of Ewing sarcomas reveal ROR1 as a potential therapeutic target in metastatic disease
Authors: Potratz Jenny , Tillmanns Amelie , Berning Philipp , Korsching Eberhard , Schaefer Christiane , Lechtape Birgit , Schleithoff Carolin , Unland Rebekka , Schäfer Karl-Ludwig , Müller-Tidow Carsten , Jürgens Heribert , Dirksen Uta 
Published: December 2015

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) have provided molecular targets for the development of novel, prognosis‐improving agents in many cancers; however, resistances to these therapies occur. On the cellular level, one resistance mechanism is attributed to functional RTK redundancies and compensatory cross‐signaling, leading to perception of RTKs as signaling and target networks. To provide a basis for better exploitation of this network in Ewing sarcoma, we generated comprehensive qPCR gene expression profiles of RTKs in Ewing sarcoma cell lines and 21 untreated primary tumors. Key findings confirm broad‐spectrum RTK expressions with potential for signaling redundancy. Profile analyses with regard to patient risk‐group further revealed several individual RTKs of interest. Among them, VEGFR3 and TIE1 showed high‐level expressions and also were suggestive of poor prognosis in localized tumors; underscoring the relevance of angiogenic signaling pathways and tumor‐stroma interactions in Ewing sarcoma. Of note, compared to localized disease, tumors derived from metastatic disease were marked by global high‐level RTK expressions. Nine individual RTKs were significantly over‐expressed, suggesting contributions to molecular mechanisms of metastasis. Of these, ROR1 is being pursued as therapeutic target in leukemias and carcinomas, but un‐characterized in sarcomas. We demonstrate expression of ROR1 and its putative ligand Wnt5a in Ewing sarcomas, and of an active ROR1 protein variant in cell lines. ROR1 silencing impaired cell migration in vitro. Therefore, ROR1 calls for further evaluation as a therapeutic target in metastatic Ewing sarcoma; and described as a pseudo‐kinase with several isoforms, underlines these additional complexities arising in our understanding of RTK signaling networks.
The effect of rearing temperature on development, body size, energetics and fecundity of the diamondback moth
Authors: Garrad R. , Booth D.T. , Furlong M.J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTemperature is arguably the most important abiotic factor influencing the life history of ectotherms. It limits survival and affects all physiological and metabolic processes, including energy and nutrient procurement and processing, development and growth rates, locomotion ability and ultimately reproductive success. However, the influence of temperature on the energetic cost of development has not been thoroughly investigated. We show that in the diamondback moth [Plutella xylostellaL. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)] rearing temperature (range10–30°C) affected growth and development rates, the energetic cost of development and fecundity. Rearing at lower temperatures increased development times and slowed growth rate, but resulted in larger adult mass. Fecundity was lowest at 10°C, highest at 15°C and intermediate at temperatures of 20°C and above. At a given rearing temperature fecundity was correlated with pupal mass and most eggs were laid on the first day of oviposition, there was no correlation between total eggs laid and adult longevity. The highest production cost was incurred at 10°C; this decreased with increasing temperature, was minimized in the range 20–25°C, and then increased again at 30°C. These minimized production costs occurred at temperatures close to the intrinsic optimum temperature for this species and may reflect the rearing temperature for optimal fitness. Thus at sub-optimal temperatures greater food resources are required during the development period. Predicted increased temperatures at the margins of the current core distribution ofP. xylostellacould ameliorate current seasonal effects on fecundity, thereby increasing the probability of winter survival leading to more resilient range expansion and an increased probability of pest outbreaks.
Use of lablab (Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet) for bio-control by native arthropods and its effect on yield of pumpkins
Authors: Qureshi S.A. , Angove M. , Wilkens S. , Midmore D.J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSilverleaf whitefly (SLW, Bemisia tabaci MEAM1) and aphids are sap-sucking insects, which pose a serious threat to Australian cucurbit crops and the horticulture industry. Traditional chemical control for these insect pests is becoming less effective, and there is a need to search for alternative or supplementary methods. This study aimed to manipulate the habitat of pumpkin crops in a tropical setting (Queensland, Australia), by growing pumpkins (var. Japanese pumpkin) alone and between lablab (Lablab purpureus L. Sweet). It was hypothesized that the presence of lablab will increase the populations of natural enemies, and through their control of insect pests such as SLW and aphids, will affect pumpkin yield. The population of arthropods (natural enemies and pests of pumpkin), with a focus on SLW and aphids, were sampled weekly on both lablab and pumpkin crop for a total of 21 weeks. Results showed that lablab hosted more enemies of SLW per plant than pumpkin in either treatment. In addition, adult SLW numbers were significantly higher in the pumpkin-only crop compared with the pumpkin grown between lablab, while pumpkin in the mixed plantings had significantly more ladybirds and lacewing larvae (P < 0.05). While there was no significant difference in the average fruit weight between treatments, the total weight (kg) and number of marketable pumpkins per hectare was greater (P < 0.05) for the pumpkin/lablab treatment than the pumpkin-only treatment. This study shows that growing lablab alongside a pumpkin crop may enhance natural enemies of SLW and could significantly increase the yield.
Does Increased Competition Affect Credit Ratings? A Reexamination of the Effect of Fitch’s Market Share on Credit Ratings in the Corporate Bond Market
Authors: Bae Kee-Hong , Kang Jun-Koo , Wang Jin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe examine two competing views regarding the impact of competition among credit rating agencies on rating quality: the view that rating agencies do not sacrifice their reputation by inflating firm ratings, and the view that competition among rating agencies arising from the conflict of interest inherent in an “issuer pay” model creates pressure to inflate ratings. Using Fitch’s market share as a measure of competition among rating agencies and controlling for the endogeneity problem caused by unobservable industry effects, we find no relation between Fitch’s market share and ratings, suggesting that competition does not lead to rating inflation.
Late desaturation due to giant azygous vein 16 years after bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis
Authors: Bagul Pritish K. , Singh Arvind S. , Kerkar Prafulla G. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe present a rare late manifestation of systemic venous collaterals in a 17-year-old female, 16 years after bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis, resulting in clinically unacceptable desaturation with progressive effort intolerance and cyanosis.
Local spatial clustering of stunting and wasting among children under the age of 5 years: implications for intervention strategies
Authors: Gebreyesus Seifu Hagos , Mariam Damen H. , Woldehanna Tasew , Lindtjørn Bernt 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to evaluate the clustering of undernutrition indicators of children under the age of 5 years in relation to different scales.DesignA community-based cross-sectional study design was employed. We collected anthropometric data, geographic locations/elevations of households and other data from visited households. We used a retrospective purely spatial Poisson probability model to identify and locate clusters (high rates) of stunting and wasting using the software SaTScan™ version 9·1·1. We ran a logistic regression model to help evaluate the causes of clustering.SettingsSix villages in the Meskane Mareko District (38·45763°E, 8·042144°N) of southern Ethiopia.SubjectsWe surveyed 2371 children aged <5 years, who were found in 1744 households.ResultsWe found a micro-level variation in the risk of stunting and wasting within the studied district. We found the most likely significant clusters for wasting and severe wasting in two of the six villages. For stunting, a single large cluster size of 390 cases (304·19 expected) in 756 households was identified (relative risk=1·48, P<0·01). For severe stunting, a single cluster size of 106 cases (69·39 expected) in 364 households was identified (relative risk=1·69, P=0·035).ConclusionsWe conclude that the distribution of wasting and stunting was partly spatially structured. We identified distinct areas within and between villages that have a higher risk than the underlying at-risk population. Our analysis identified the spatial locations of high-risk areas for stunting that could be an input for geographically targeting and optimizing nutritional interventions.
Sex and Age Differences in the Endorsement of Sex Stereotypes Associated with Driving
Authors: Pravossoudovitch Karyn , Martha Cécile , Cury François , Granié Marie-Axelle 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSex and age differences are particularly pronounced in car accidents. Current psychological research is exploring the relationship between risky driving and compliance with sex stereotypes, notably conformity with social expectations concerning masculinity. Some studies have already shown that sex stereotypes associated with driving (SSAD) may influence driving behaviors. The aim of this research was to explore the participants’ sex and age differences in SSAD endorsement. A questionnaire was developed and validated on four dimensions of SSAD: male’s driving skills and female’s compliance with traffic rules, courtesy behind the wheel, and risk avoidance in driving. SSAD endorsement was measured for 291 licensed drivers from 18 to 64 years of age. Results revealed that females endorsed the female’s risk avoidance stereotype more (p < .05), whereas males endorsed the male drivers (driving skills) stereotype more (p < .05). Results also revealed that the endorsement of male's driving skills decreases with age (p < .01) and the endorsement of female's courtesy increases with age among all participants (p = .01), while the endorsement of female's compliance with traffic rules increases with age only among female participants (p < .05). The results are discussed in terms of in-group/out-group relations and sex and age differences.
Quiet eye training aids the long‐term learning of throwing and catching in children: Preliminary evidence for a predictive control strategy
Authors: Miles C. A. L. , Wood G. , Vine S. J. , Vickers J. N. , Wilson M. R. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractQuiet eye training (QET) may be a more effective method for teaching children to catch than traditional training (TT) methods, but it is unclear if the benefits accrued persist in the long term. Thirty children were randomly allocated into a QET or TT group and, while wearing a mobile eye tracker, underwent baseline testing, training and two retention tests over a period of eight weeks, using a validated throw and catch task. During training, movement‐related information was provided to both groups, while the QET group received additional instruction to increase the duration of their targeting fixation (QE1) on the wall prior to the throw, and pursuit tracking (QE2) period on the ball prior to catching. In both immediate (R1) and delayed (R2, six weeks later) retention tests, the QET group had a significantly longer QE1 duration and an earlier and longer QE2 duration, compared to the TT group, who revealed no improvements. A performance advantage was also found for the QET compared to the TT group at both R1 and R2, revealing the relatively robust nature of the visuomotor alterations. Regression analyses suggested that only the duration of QE1 predicted variance in catch success post‐training, pointing to the importance of a pre‐programming visuomotor strategy for successful throw and catch performance.
First Report of Orobanche ludoviciana Parasitizing Sunflowers
Authors: Harveson Robert M. , Nelson Allan , Mathew Febina M. , Seiler Gerald J. 
Published: December 2015

In September 2014, a commercial field in western Nebraska was found exhibiting sunflower plants being parasitized by another flowering plant. Its presence was detected in approximately 25% of the field. The parasite was identified as Orobanche ludoviciana, and represents the first known report of any species of Orobanche attacking sunflowers in the Western Hemisphere. Accepted for publication 19 November 2015. Published 25 November 2015.
Recovery Plan for Laurel Wilt on Redbay and Other Forest Species Caused by Raffaelea lauricola and Disseminated by Xyleborus glabratus
Authors: Hughes M. A. , Smith J. A. , Ploetz R. C. , Kendra P. E. , Mayfield A. E. , Hanula J. L. , Hulcr J. , Stelinski L. L. , Cameron S. , Riggins J. J. , Carrillo D. , Rabaglia R. , Eickwort J. , Pernas T. 
Published: December 2015

This recovery plan is one of several disease-specific documents produced as part of the National Plant Disease Recovery System (NPDRS) called for in Homeland Security Presidential Directive Number 9 (HSPD-9). The purpose of the NPDRS is to insure that the tools, infrastructure, communication networks, and capacity required to mitigate the impact of high-consequence plant disease outbreaks are such that a reasonable level of crop production is maintained. Each disease-specific plan is intended to provide a brief primer on the disease, assess the status of critical recovery components, and identify disease management research, extension, and education needs. These documents are not intended to be stand-alone documents that address all of the many and varied aspects of plant disease outbreak and all of the decisions that must be made and actions taken to achieve effective response and recovery. They are, however, documents that will help USDA guide further efforts directed toward plant disease recovery. Accepted for publication 13 October 2015. Published 17 November 2015.
Effectiveness of Nine Different Fungicides for Management of Crown and Root Rot of Chile Pepper Plants Caused by Phytophthora capsici
Authors: Matheron Michael E. , Porchas Martin 
Published: December 2015

Bell and chile pepper plants are affected by the economically important disease Phytophthora blight, which is caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora capsici. Greenhouse and field trials were conducted to evaluate and compare the ability of nine different fungicides to reduce development of the crown and root rot phase of Phytophthora blight and the resulting chile pepper plant death when applied at 2- and 4-week intervals. Overall, chile pepper plant mortality was significantly decreased in three greenhouse trials with soil applications of fungicide products containing ametoctradin + dimethomorph, cyazofamid, dimethomorph, ethaboxam, fluazinam, fluopicolide, mandipropamid, mefenoxam, and oxathiapiprolin. The same fungicides, excluding mandipropamid and oxathiapiprolin, also significantly reduced overall plant mortality in two field trials. No significant difference was found between 2- and 4-week fungicide application intervals with respect to chile pepper plant survival in any greenhouse or field trial. In general, the degree of reduction in chile pepper plant mortality was lower in field compared to greenhouse trials, probably due to the respective soil surface spray compared to soil drench method of fungicide application used in each instance. Accepted for publication 17 November 2015. Published 30 November 2015.
Growth, ageing and scaling laws of coronary arterial trees
Authors: Chen Xi , Niu Pei , Niu Xiaolong , Shen Wenzeng , Duan Fei , Ding Liang , Wei Xiliang , Gong Yanjun , Huo Yong , Kassab Ghassan S. , Tan Wenchang , Huo Yunlong 
Published: December 2015

Despite the well-known design principles of vascular systems, it is unclear whether the vascular arterial tree obeys some scaling constraints during normal growth and ageing in a given species. Based on the micro-computed tomography measurements of coronary arterial trees in mice at different ages (one week to more than eight months), we show a constant exponent of 3/4, but age-dependent scaling coefficients in a length–volume scaling law (

L
c
is the crown length,
V
c
is the crown volume,
K
length–volume
is the age-dependent scaling coefficient) during normal growth and ageing. The constant 3/4 exponent represents the self-similar fractal-like branching pattern (i.e. basic mechanism to regulate the development of vascular trees within a species), whereas the age-dependent scaling coefficients characterize the structural growth or resorption of vascular trees during normal growth or ageing, respectively. This study enhances the understanding of age-associated changes in vascular structure and function.
On Miller’s rule for the brain working memory, or why human memory is so short
Authors: Meilikhov E. Z. , Farzetdinova R. M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWorking memory is a cognitive construct that describes how information can be maintained in brain for a limited period of time, while concurrent processing is also performed. We present a simple model that accounts for working memory span and explains the origin of the cognitive Miller’s rule (Magical Number Seven).
Improved purification, crystallization and crystallographic study of Hyd-2-type [NiFe]-hydrogenase fromCitrobactersp. S-77
Authors: Muhd Noor Noor Dina , Nishikawa Koji , Nishihara Hirofumi , Yoon Ki-Seok , Ogo Seiji , Higuchi Yoshiki 
Published: December 2015

The purification procedure of Hyd-2-type [NiFe]-hydrogenase fromCitrobactersp. S-77 was improved by applying treatment with trypsin before chromatography. Purified protein samples both with and without trypsin treatment were successfully crystallized using the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method with polyethylene glycol as a precipitant. Both crystals belonged to space groupP21, with unit-cell parametersa= 63.90,b= 118.89,c= 96.70 Å, β = 100.61° for the protein subjected to trypsin treatment anda= 65.38,b= 121.45,c= 98.63 Å, β = 102.29° for the sample not treated with trypsin. The crystal obtained from the trypsin-treated protein diffracted to 1.60 Å resolution, which is considerably better than the 2.00 Å resolution obtained without trypsin treatment. The [NiFe]-hydrogenase fromCitrobactersp. S-77 retained catalytic activity with some amount of O2, indicating that it has clear O2tolerance.
Nature of Competition and New Technology Adoption
Authors: Dastidar Krishnendu Ghosh 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe incentives to adopt cost‐reducing technology by firms in a horizontally‐differentiated duopoly are analysed in the present paper. Cost reduction depends on the ‘quality’ of the ‘new technology’. A firm has to procure such technology in a ‘scoring auction’. When the quality offered by the suppliers of this technology lies in the interior of the feasible range, both firms adopt the new technology regardless of the nature of competition (Cournot or Bertrand). However, when there is a corner solution, there are equilibria where only one firm (or no firm) adopts the new technology. With a corner solution the nature of competition affects the equilibrium outcomes.
Comparative Urbanism: New Geographies and Cultures of Theorizing the Urban
Authors: Robinson Jennifer 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn response to the growing interest in ways to take forward an agenda for a more global urban studies, this essay advocates a comparative approach to theory building which can help to develop new understandings of the expanding and diverse world of cities and urbanization processes, building theory from different contexts, resonating with a diversity of urban outcomes but being respectful of the limits of always located insights. The essay is inspired by the potential of the comparative imagination but, mindful of the limitations of formal comparative methods, which in a quasi‐scientific format can drastically restrict the scope of comparing, it outlines ways to reformat comparative methods in order to put them to work more effectively for a more global urban studies. The essay proposes a new typology for comparative methods based on the vernacular practices of urban comparison, tracing these through the archives of comparative urbanism. It also suggests some lines of philosophical reflection for reframing the scope and style of theorizing. New repertoires of comparativism are indicated which support the possibility of a revisable urban theory, starting from anywhere.