bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Essais interlaboratoires pour l'identification moléculaire des espèces paléarctiques du sous-genre <em>Avaritia</em>
Authors: Cetre-Sossah Catherine , Balenghien Thomas , Delécolle Jean-Claude , Meiswinkel Rudolf 
Published: May 2017

A ring trial was conducted for molecular identification of Palaearctic species of the subgenus Avaritia, and especially the following four species: Culicoides chiopterus, C. dewulfi, C. obsoletus and C. scoticus. It was based on multiplex polymer­ase chain reaction (PCR) on the molecular markers cytochrome oxidase type 1 (CO1), internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2), and ITS-1. Each of the 13 participating laboratories (from seven dif­ferent countries) received on the 4th of August 2008 a panel of 38 samples of 11 μL of a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solu­tion containing parts of a single specimen of insect ground up into 200 μL of PBS, as well as four tubes, identified and men­tioned in the accompanying letter, for which deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) had already been extracted. The panel was coded with a letter followed by different num­bers. The laboratories had two months from the date of arrival of the samples to give back the results by sending an Excel file containing the coding. The 38 samples used for the trial were exchanged for identification between two international experts (Drs J.C. Delécolle and R. Meiswinkel). Only one identification differed between the two experts: scoticus vs. obsoletus, and sequencing revealed it to be a C. scoticus specimen. Only one laboratory used molecular marker ITS-2, five labo­ratories used ITS-1, and four used CO1. Only two found the expected results. The eight remaining laboratories found some false positive or false negative results. Five out of ten correctly identified the species from the DNA samples. Seven out of ten laboratories had 100% sensitivity
Séroprévalence de la fièvre catarrhale dans la partie méditerranéenne de la Turquie
Authors: Ertürk A. , Cizmeci S. G. , Barut M. F. , Allepuz Alberto , Alba Anna , Napp Sebastian , Casal Jordi 
Published: May 2017

One of the objectives of Medreonet is to identify new serotypes of bluetongue (BT) in some countries of the Mediterranean Basin including Turkey. In May 2008, a cross-sectional study was con­ducted in cattle to investigate the presence of new serotypes in the provinces of Adana, Antalya, Hatay, Mersin, and Osmaniye. Cattle were the species selected since they had not been vac­cinated against BT and the vaccine did not interfere with the serological results. The village was established as the epidemio­logical unit. The sample size was calculated with the aim to detect at least 2% of positive villages and a within-village preva­lence of 30% (with 95% confidence level), resulting in a total of 1168 animals. A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) and an antigen capture ELISA (BTACE) were used to detect antibody and antigen, respectively. The presence of specific BT serotypes was confirmed by a specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To isolate BT virus, all the blood samples that were antigen positive were inoculated into embryonated chicken eggs and into cell cultures. Of the 1096 sera samples obtained, 994 (90.7%) were from dairy cattle (Holstein and crossbred Holstein), and only 102 (9.3%) were from beef breeds. A total of 352 (32.1%) sera samples were positive. Of the 140 villages sampled, 99 (71%) presented at least one positive animal, and the prevalence was 31%. The prevalence in dairy cattle was significantly (P = 0.0002) higher than in beef breeds (34 and 16%, respectively). Older animals presented a higher level of prevalence. Animals up to two years old had a prevalence of 24.3% (P < 0.05), whereas the preva­lence in adult animals was 52% (P < 0.05). Given that the last BT cases in Turkey were reported in August 2000 (serotypes 9 and 16), these data indicate that BT virus has been circulat­ing in the country in the last years. There were major differ­ences between provinces: 88% of the samples were positive in Osmaniye against only 14% in Antalya. These differences could be attributable to differences in vector densities, but they could also be related to host factors such as breed, density of cattle and small ruminant populations, and age of the animals (animals were older in some provinces than in others).
A racionalização das práticas musicais: a regência de orquestra
Authors: Crepalde Neylson J. B. F. 
Published: May 2017

Este artigo parte da análise de Max Weber da racionalização da música, que parece culminar no que é conhecido pelos músicos como temperamento, e avança abordando o desenvolvimento da moderna técnica de regência de orquestra, além de seus principais elementos como manifestações do processo de racionalização nessas práticas musicais específicas. Para tanto, foram analisados três vídeos de maestros distintos interpretando o primeiro movimento da Sinfonia no. 5 de Beethoven. A análise consistiu na comparação entre os gestos escolhidos e as respostas sonoras obtidas entre os três maestros. Procura-se mostrar que os três elementos passaram pelo processo de racionalização mas em níveis distintos. A mão direita possui o nível mais alto de racionalização enquanto a mão esquerda e a expressão facial-corporal possuem níveis respectivamente mais baixos de racionalização.
KEFAHAMAN DAN PENGAMALAN AKHLAK DALAM KALANGAN PELAJAR POLITEKNIK SULTAN ABDUL HALIM MU’ADZAM SHAH
Authors: Shafie Mohd Khairi , Haji Othman Mohamad Khairi Bin 
Published: May 2017

Akhlak yang baik adalah hasil daripada kefahaman ilmu pengetahuan yang diperolehi secara formal dan tidak formal. Dewasa ini, kepincangan akhlak timbul dalam masyakat yang sukar dibendung lagi. Kurangnya penghayatan akhlak Islam di pengaruhi oleh pelbagai faktor antaranya faktor kefahaman pelajar serta sikap pelajar. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti tahap kefahaman dan pengamalan akhlak dalam kalangan pelajar, untuk menentukan perbezaan kefahaman dan pengamalan akhlak berdasarkan demografi jantina dan tempat tinggal. Seramai 381 pelajar Politeknik Sultan Abdul Halim Mu’adzam Shah dipilih sebagai responden untuk menjawab soal selidik. Data yang diperolehi daripada borang kaji selidik dianalisis menggunakan perisian program Statistical Packages For Social Science (SPSS) versi 20.0 dan dapatan kajian dihuraikan dengan menggunakan kaedah statistik deskriptif dan inferensi untuk menganalisa hipotesis kajian. Analisa data melibatkan min dan ujian-t. Kebolehpercayaan Alpha Cronbach bagi item borang kaji selidik soalan kefahaman akhlak iaitu 0.94 dan soalan pengamalan akhlak iaitu 0.97 adalah tinggi. Dapatan kajian mendapati tahap kefahaman ajaran Islam meliputi akhlak dalam kalangan responden berada pada tahap yang tertinggi bagi setiap aspek yang dikaji. Manakala dapatan kajian mendapati tahap pengamalan ajaran Islam meliputi akhlak juga tinggi. Namun terdapat sebahagian kecil responden tidak mengamalkan apa yang mereka faham terutama perkara-perkara yang berkaitan akhlak. Oleh itu, implikasi kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa penekanan aspek pengamalan ajaran Islam sangat penting agar pelajar menjadi seorang muslim yang mengamalkan akhlak yang baik dalam kehidupan harian berlandaskan al-Quran dan as-Sunnah.
PENGGUNAAN KAEDAH TITIK MENINGKATKAN PENGUASAAN MURID DALAM OPERASI DARAB
Authors: Elias Nur Aniza , Rosli Roslinda 
Published: May 2017

Konsep pendaraban merupakan antara konsep asas yang paling penting dalam mata pelajaran matematik dan perlu dikuasai oleh semua murid sejak di sekolah rendah. Namun, kebanyakan murid tidak memahami bagaimana proses pendaraban berlaku dan yang paling sukar ialah kerana mereka tidak menghafal sifir. Justeru, satu kaedah baru diperkenalkan bagi membantu murid meningkatkan kemahiran mendarab disamping dapat menguasai fakta asas darab dengan lebih baik. Lapan orang murid tahun empat telah dipilih sebagai sampel kajian adalah dari sebuah sekolah di daerah Jasin, Melaka. Kesemua sampel adalah terdiri daripada murid yang lemah dalam pendaraban. Tinjauan awal melalui pemerhatian semasa sesi pengajaran dan rujukan dokumen telah dilakukan pengkaji sebelum memperkenalkan kaedah titik. Sebanyak lapan kali intervensi kaedah titik selama setengah jam telah dijalankan. Data dikumpulkan melalui ujian pra, ujian pasca dan menggunakan senarai semak pemerhatian. Hasil analisis data statistik mendapati bahawa hampir kesemua sampel menunjukkan peningkatan markah dalam ujian pasca. Keputusan penyelidikan menunjukkan bahawa Kaedah Titik sangat berkesan sebagai kaedah alternatif untuk membantu meningkatkan penguasaan murid dalam operasi darab sebarang nombor dalam lingkungan 100 000 dan juga dapat meningkatkan keyakinan murid ketika menjawab soalan pendaraban.
Optimizing Water-Injection Design in a Shallow Offshore Reservoir
Authors: Clemens Torsten , Kienberger Gerhard , Persaud Mira , Suri Ajay , Sharma Mukul M. , Boschi Marcelo , Øverland Alf M. 
Published: May 2017

Summary
Water injection is commonly used to improve oil recoveries in depleting reservoirs. However, insufficient injectivity can result in water-injection projects being limited in injection rates, which can sometimes make them uneconomic. Implementing water-injection projects requires a multidisciplinary approach to optimize water-injection rates for reservoir-performance, cost, and well-design considerations.
The costs for the surface facilities are dependent on the required water quality, water temperature, and other operating parameters that are linked to the injectivity of water. A work flow including quantitative assessment of the injectivity development as a function of the operating parameters as well as the uncertain geomechanical and reservoir parameters can be used to improve the surface-facility design.
Such a work flow was applied to a shallow offshore field. The results showed that the base-case design of the facilities should be modified to avoid an increase of the flowing bottomhole pressure (BHP) above the minimum stress of the caprock. The effect of the various parameters on the BHP was investigated, and the sensitivity of the BHP to uncertain input parameters under different operating conditions was tested. The results indicated that the BHP does not exceed the BHP limit, and hence the injectivity is expected to be high enough for a sufficiently long period of time under a wide range of conditions.
Microscale Characterization of Field and Laboratory Foamed Cement by Use of X-Ray Microcomputed Tomography
Authors: Pang Xueyu , Maxson Joe K. , Jimenez Walmy Cuello , Singh John P. , Morgan Ronnie G. 
Published: May 2017

Summary
Foamed-cement systems are widely used in deepwater-cementing operations because of their various favorable attributes compared with conventional cement systems. For instance, in the Gulf of Mexico, foamed cement is one of the most commonly used systems for shallow-hazard mitigation. However, because current standard laboratory equipment cannot accurately simulate the foam-cementing process in the field, knowledge of the actual properties of foamed cement produced in field operations is limited.
In this study, the microstructure of foamed cement produced by use of field equipment in yard tests is examined in detail. Set foamed-cement samples were analyzed by use of X-ray microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) at different length scales with voxel resolution ranging from 2 to 20 µm. This study establishes the fundamental criteria and procedures necessary to obtain accurate gas-bubble-size distribution of foamed-cement samples by use of micro-CT technology. The test results suggest that foamed cement should be analyzed at multiple length scales to obtain a better characterization of the gas bubbles in the sample. Although a larger region of analysis is useful to obtain a statistically meaningful size distribution of the larger bubbles, small core samples (diameter smaller than 0.5 in.) and fine scan resolutions (5 µm or smaller) are typically required to obtain an accurate measure of the small gas bubbles in foamed cement.
By comparing foamed cement produced by use of field equipment with that produced by use of the traditional multiblade laboratory blender—i.e., the standard American Petroleum Institute (API) method—this study identifies the key characteristic differences of foamed cement derived from different methods of generation. Analysis of the CT-scan images reveals that gas bubbles in foamed cement generated by field equipment approximately follows a log-normal distribution with a wide size-distribution range, from less than 20 µm to more than 1000 µm, and the bubble-size distribution appears to show little dependence on foam quality. Conversely, the gas-bubble-size distribution of foamed cement generated by the API method shows a completely different behavior. It approximately follows a Gaussian distribution, with both distribution range and median varying significantly with foam quality. This research serves as a first step toward predicting the influence of gas-bubble-size distribution on the stability and various other properties of foamed cement to better understand the foam-cementing process in the field.
AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE MICROBIOLÓGICA DE LEITE CRU REFRIGERADO OBTIDO DE PROPRIEDADES RURAIS DA ZONA DA MATA MINEIRA
Authors: Sequetto Priscila Lima , Antunes Amanda Santos , Nunes Athos Sampaio , Alcantara Lorena Kimberly Silva , Rezende Mariana Almeida Rosa , Pinto Miriam Aparecida Oliveira , Húngaro Humberto Moreira , Fontes Gleide Gatti 
Published: May 2017

A cultura regional da atividade leiteira de Minas Gerais, principalmente na forma de obtenção, coleta, armazenamento e transporte do leite cru pode interferir negativamente na qualidade desta matériaprimae, consequentemente, nos seus derivados lácteos. Este estudo analisou a qualidade microbiológica influenciada pelos tipos de ordenha e de armazenamento do leite cru. Foram investigados 10 tanques de expansão em propriedades rurais da Zona da Mata Mineira, cujas amostras foram coletadas em abril de 2015 e encaminhadas ao Laboratório de Análise de Alimentos e Águas da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, em Juiz de Fora, MG. As amostras foram avaliadas quanto à presença de coliformes totais, Escherichia coli, contagem de bactérias aeróbias mesófilas e psicrotróficas. Os resultados das contagens de bactérias aeróbias mesófilas foram avaliados conforme o padrãopreconizado pela Instrução Normativa 62/2011 do MAPA. Das amostras analisadas, 80% apresentaram coliformes totais, 60% continham E. coli, 40% estavam em desacordo com o padrão legal de bactérias aeróbias mesófilas, e 10% excederam a 106 UFC/mL de bactérias psicrotróficas. As médias das contagens de bactérias aeróbias mesófilas e psicrotróficas em amostras coletadas em tanques comunitários (6,41 log e 6,30 UFC/mL) e em ordenha manual (5,87 e 5,50 log UFC/mL) foram superiores àquelas obtidas em tanques individuais (4,35 e3,91 log UFC/mL) e ordenha mecânica (4,37 e 4,05 log UFC/mL), respectivamente. Esses resultados indicam falhas em condições higiênico-sanitárias na obtenção e armazenamento do leite cru na maioria dos tanques analisados. É evidente a necessidade de orientações técnicas aos produtores rurais desta região para promovermelhorias em todos os aspectos na produção leiteira.
Sansei Women and the Gendering of Yellow Power in Southern California, 1960s–1970s
Authors: Matsumoto Valerie J. 
Published: May 2017

In the 1960s and 1970s, third-generation Japanese American (Sansei) women in southern California began to challenge gendered racializations in both the ethnic community and the larger society. As activists in the Asian American movement, they criticized stereotypical images of Asian/Americans, using the arts to create new representations, as they drew inspiration from Asian women engaged in revolutionary struggle. They also organized women’s groups to address community issues such as childcare access, seniors’ health, drug abuse, and workers’ rights. Sansei women not only assessed their position in U.S. society but also debated their relationship to Japan. Their experiences show the persisting significance of gender in the racialization of Japanese Americans as well as the ways in which women’s critique of gender expectations helped to shape the Asian American movement.
Spatial and Temporal Grazing Patterns on Intensive‐early Stocked and Season‐long Stocked Pastures
Authors: Brock Brent L. , Evans Lynnette , Owensby Clenton E. 
Published: May 2017

Core Ideas
Temporal grazing patterns influence forage quality.
Temporal and spatial grazing patterns aid in grazing system design.
Uniformity of grazing distribution is enhanced by increased stocking density.
Spatial and temporal patterns of domestic cattle (Bos taurus × Bos indicus) grazing were observed over two consecutive years under two grazing systems, intensive‐early stocking (IES) and season‐long stocking (SLS), to determine the factors influencing the observed patterns. Temporal grazing patterns differed between the two grazing treatments. Area grazed and forage height reduction remained relatively stable and consistently higher on IES pastures than on SLS pastures until midseason. In contrast, SLS pastures exhibited steady increases in area grazed and forage height reduction throughout the grazing season and was comparable to IES by the end of the grazing season. Percent forage height reduction was significantly higher on IES pastures than on SLS pastures in both years until midseason when the IES steers were removed. There was no difference between the amounts of forage height reduction at the end of grazing trials in SLS pastures compared with overall IES means. Cattle grazed a higher percentage of pasture area on IES pastures than SLS in both years. Grazing intensity did not differ between treatments but was significantly different between years. The IES pastures were more uniformly grazed than SLS pastures during the period when both treatments were present, but there was no difference when overall pasture means were compared. Big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) tillers were grazed more frequently under IES than under SLS. The results indicate that temporal grazing patterns should be considered when evaluating the performance and design of grazing systems since spatial patterns alone may not reveal periods when forage quality or plant physiology may be adversely or positively affected.
Yield‐Based Corn Planting Date Recommendation Windows for Iowa
Authors: Abendroth Lori J. , Woli Krishna P. , Myers Anthony J.W. , Elmore Roger W. 
Published: May 2017

Core Ideas
Three distinct site‐groupings resulted, with different recommended planting windows.
Two planting windows were developed for each site‐grouping: 98–100% grain yield or 95–100% grain yield.
The north‐central and northeast grouping had the earliest recommended planting window to maximize grain yield.
Farmers use a suite of management practices to optimize corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield, including planting at appropriate times for their location. Research on planting dates across the years has tended to use categorical analysis and determination of recommendations by identifying a particular calendar date as optimum and setting yield decline relative to that. This approach was suitable given the experimental designs and number of sites available for analyses. An 18 site‐year Iowa dataset, however, that was constructed with planting dates on a sliding scale allowed regression analysis to be used instead of categorical analysis. This approach resulted in the construction of planting‐date recommendations as a window of time. Three distinct site‐groupings resulted for Iowa, which is different than previous statewide research: north‐central (NC) and northeast (NE); northwest (NW) and central (C); and southwest (SW) and southeast (SE). Two planting windows were developed for each site‐group based on the maximum yield on the response curve and a subtraction of 2 or 5% relative yield to develop yield windows of 98–100% or 95–100%, respectively. The response curves for each site‐grouping identify locations that exhibit a stronger grain‐yield response to planting date, especially in the northern and southern locations. The NC–NE grouping had the earliest 98–100% planting window (12–30 April) whereas the NW–C grouping (15 April–9 May) and SW–SE grouping (17 April–8 May) were later.
Diderot e os Salões: a crítica a Watteau [Diderot and the Salons: critique towards Watteau]
Authors: Babiuki Kamila Cristina 
Published: May 2017

Com base no Salão de 1765, buscaremos mostrar qual é o fundamento da crítica de Denis Diderot à obra pictórica de Antoine Watteau, além de indicar as características essenciais de uma pintura do ponto de vista diderotiano. Mostraremos como seu projeto filosófico procura retomar na pintura setecentista alguns elementos clássicos. Para compreender plenamente o contexto em que esse projeto é elaborado, parece estratégico fazer algumas considerações a respeito da vida de corte na passagem do século XVII para o XVIII. Nossa intenção, assim, é a de mostrar como e por quais razões Watteau, mesmo sendo considerado um bom colorista, é criticado por Diderot. [We will try to show what is the foundation of Denis Diderot’s critique on the compositions by Antoine Watteau. Besides, we will explicit which are the main qualities of a painting for the philosopher. We will show that Diderot wants to see some classical features in the paintings of his Century. In order to understand the context of this project, it is strategical to make some considerations about the court life at the end of the 17th Century and beginning of the 18th Century. Our goal, then, is to show how and why Diderot criticizes Watteau, even the last one being considered a good painter]
A New Method to Estimate Total Organic Carbon (TOC) Content, an Example from Goldwyer Shale Formation, the Canning Basin
Authors: Alshakhs Munther , Rezaee Reza 
Published: May 2017

Background:There is an increasing interest in the Goldwyer Formation of the Canning Basin as a potentially prospective shale play. This Ordovician shaly formation is one of the most prominent source rocks in the Canning Basin. One key property to evaluate the prospectivity of any shale oil or gas is its total organic carbon (TOC) richness.Objectives:This study investigates different TOC estimation techniques and validates the reliability of each, aiming to provide a best estimating approach for local and global applications.Method:The limited well distribution in the large area of the Canning Basin makes a basin-wide study not warranted at this stage. A focused look into the Barbwire Terrace was carried out instead. General TOC estimation methods, such as Schmoker and ∆logR were employed for TOC calculation. TOC relationships of single and multivariate regressions were also derived from wireline data and TOC rock sample measurements.Results:Both Schmoker and ∆logR methods tend to overestimate TOC when compared to the available Rock-Eval pyrolysis TOC measurements. The regression approach have shown to provide the best TOC estiamtes for wells in the Barbwire Terrace, where the best multiple regression approach for the terrace and global application was found to be the one derived from gamma-ray (GR), bulk density (RHOB), and sonic log transit time (DT).Conclusion:The generalized nature of the Schmoker method, as it provides a global relationship between density and TOC is probably the main reason why this approach does not provide a good fit in the case of the Goldwyer Formation. Furthermore, the uncertainty associated with the ∆logR method factors, such as the level of maturity (LOM), and resistivity and sonic baselines greatly influence the TOC estimation in this method, and hence, sometimes do not merit a reliable TOC estimation. The multiple regression approach have shown to be most accurate once lithology and compaction information (GR, RHOB, and DT) were incorporated in the regression process. TOC was reliably estimated for wells inside and outside the Barbwire Terrace, and also for wells of a global lacustrine shale. Such derivation have provided a more accurate technical assessment of the shale play and its prospectivity as a potential unconventional hydrocarbon resource.