bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A chromosomal microdeletion of 15q in a female patient with epilepsy, ID, and autism spectrum disorder: a case report
Authors: Ahram Dina F. , Al‐Sarraj Yasser , Taha Rowaida Z. , Elhag Saba F. , Al‐Shaban Fouad A. , El‐Shanti Hatem , Kambouris Marios 
Published: May 2017

Key Clinical Message15q deletions have been described in association with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Previous reports have supported the role of 15q24 low copy repeats (LCRs) in mediating alternatively sized genomic rearrangements. Based on our reported finding of a 15q24 deletion coinciding with two LCR regions in a patient with epilepsy and ASD, we recommend that patients with 15q24 deletions be evaluated for ASD for early institution of therapy.
Semiconducting Coordination Polymers Based on the Predesigned Ternary Te‐Fe‐Cu Carbonyl Cluster and Conjugation‐Interrupted Dipyridyl Linkers
Authors: Shieh Minghuey , Yu Chia‐Chi , Miu Chia‐Yeh , Kung Chang‐Hung , Huang Chung‐Yi , Liu Yu‐Hsin , Liu Hsiang‐Lin , Shen Chih‐Chiang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA series of semiconducting cluster‐incorporated Cu‐based coordination polymers, namely, 1D zigzag polymers [{TeFe3(CO)9Cu2}(L)]n (L=1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethane (bpea), 1; L=1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethylene (bpee), 5), 2D honeycomb‐like polymers [{TeFe3(CO)9Cu}Cu(L)2.5]n (L=bpea, 2; L=bpee, 6), and 2D wave‐like cation–anion polymer [{Cu2(L)4}({TeFe3(CO)9Cu}2(L))]n (L=1,3‐bis(4‐pyridyl)propane (bpp), 4), as well as the macrocycle [{TeFe3(CO)9Cu2}2(bpp)2] (3) have been quantitatively synthesized via the liquid‐assisted grinding from the pre‐designed cluster [TeFe3(CO)9Cu2(MeCN)2] with conjugated or conjugation‐interrupted dipyridyl linkers. Notably, the most conjugation‐interrupted bpp‐bridged polymer 4 exhibited extraordinary semiconducting characteristics with an ultra‐narrow bandgap of 1.43 eV and a DC conductivity of 1.5×10−2 Ω−1 cm−1, which violates our knowledge, mainly attributed to the through‐space electron transport via non‐classical C−H⋅⋅⋅O(carbonyl) hydrogen bonds and aromatic C−H⋅⋅⋅π interactions. The incorporated Te‐Fe‐CO anions can not only provide numerous possibilities for secondary interactions within these Cu‐based polymers but also serve as a redox‐active coordination ligand to promote their conductivities. The intriguing structure–property relationships were studied by X‐ray and DFT analyses and further demonstrated by significant change in the oxidation state of Cu atoms by XPS and Cu K‐edge XANES.
Natural and Synthetic Flavonoids as Potent Mycobacterium tuberculosis UGM Inhibitors
Authors: Villaume Sydney A. , Fu Jian , N'Go Inès , Liang Hui , Lou Huayong , Kremer Laurent , Pan Weidong , Vincent Stéphane P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study reports a novel class of inhibitors of uridine 5′‐diphosphate (UDP) galactopyranose mutase (UGM) derived from a screening of natural products. This enzyme is an essential biocatalyst involved in the cell wall biosynthesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Flavonoids are potent inhibitors of UGM. The synthesis of novel methylated flavonoids allowed a structure–activity relationship analysis to be performed and which functional groups and structural elements were required for UGM inhibition could be determined. The binding mode of one of the best inhibitors was found to be noncompetitive. Docking simulations indicated that this molecule was likely to bind UGM in its open conformation, in a cavity recently identified as a “druggable” pocket. Importantly, two of the best inhibitors of the M. tuberculosis UGM displayed moderate activity against whole M. tuberculosis cells. This study reports the first natural products that act as inhibitor of UGM. Given the importance of natural products in medicinal chemistry, these results create new opportunities for the discovery of new antitubercular agents.
Functionalization of P4 through Direct P−C Bond Formation
Authors: Borger Jaap E. , Ehlers Andreas W. , Slootweg J. Chris , Lammertsma Koop 
Published: May 2017

AbstractResearch on chlorine‐free conversions of P4 into organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) has a long track record, but methods that allow desirable, direct P−C bond formations have only recently emerged. These include the use of metal organyls, carbenes, carboradicals, and photochemical approaches. The versatile product scope enables the preparation of both industrially relevant organophosphorus compounds, as well as a broad range of intriguing new compound classes. Herein we provide a concise overview of recent breakthroughs and outline the acquired fundamental insights to aid future developments.
5‐Formylcytosine and 5‐Carboxylcytosine Significantly Reduce the Catalytic Activity of Hhal DNA Methyltransferase
Authors: Hong Tingting , Wu Fan , Fu Boshi , Yuan Yushu , Xu Jinglei , Wang Tianlu , Zhou Xiang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDNA methylation is an essential epigenetic modification, and found to be dynamically changed due to the observation of active DNA demethylation. During active demethylation, 5‐methylcytosine (5mC) was oxidized stepwise by ten‐eleven translocation (TET) enzymes into 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmc), 5‐formylcytosine (5fC), and 5‐carboxylcytosine (5caC). Then, the subsequent excision of 5fC and 5caC combined with base excision repair further restored cytosine, which completes the demethylation process. Here, we report that 5‐formylcytosine and 5‐carboxylcytosine significantly reduce the activity of HhaI DNA methyltransferase to methylate target cytosines when present on the hemi‐modified sequence of the complementary DNA. This finding demonstrates that 5fC and 5caC function as more than intermediates for active DNA demethylation.
Toward engineering design of quantum circuits
Authors: Csurgay Árpád I. , Juhász Imre Benedek , Civalleri Pier Paolo 
Published: May 2017

SummaryA new engineering discipline called ‘quantum technology’ is emerging. Nanotechnology and cryotechnology enable engineers to develop devices and integrated circuits in which quantum phenomena have dominant sway. Macroscopic finite‐state ‘artificial atoms’ are realized exploiting superconductive Josephson effect, and these ‘atoms’ exchange microwave photons in superconductive microwave circuits. The achievements of cavity quantum electrodynamics in quantum optics are mimicked in the microwave frequency range. The new technology is dubbed circuit quantum electrodynamics. This paper tries to call the attention of engineers majoring in circuit theory and design on the challenges they face in designing quantum circuits. Modeling and simulation of quantum circuit components are reviewed. Approximate closed quantum system models as well as more accurate open system models are introduced in the case of single quantum devices and composite quantum systems. The effects of amplitude damping and phase damping are illustrated by simulation. The role of classical resistors in quantum circuits is investigated. Special attention is given to the almost standardized technology developed for superconductive microwave quantum circuits. Open problems are identified that circuit designers face in developing computer‐aided‐design tools for quantum circuits. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of landscape characteristics for forage maturation and nutritional benefits of migration in red deer
Authors: Mysterud Atle , Vike Brit Karen , Meisingset Erling L. , Rivrud Inger Maren 
Published: May 2017

SummaryLarge herbivores gain nutritional benefits from following the sequential flush of newly emergent, high‐quality forage along environmental gradients in the landscape, termed green wave surfing. Which landscape characteristics underlie the environmental gradient causing the green wave and to what extent landscape characteristics alone explain individual variation in nutritional benefits remain unresolved questions. Here, we combine GPS data from 346 red deer (Cervus elaphus) from four partially migratory populations in Norway with the satellite‐derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), an index of plant phenology. We quantify whether migratory deer had access to higher quality forage than resident deer, how landscape characteristics within summer home ranges affected nutritional benefits, and whether differences in landscape characteristics could explain differences in nutritional gain between migratory and resident deer. We found that migratory red deer gained access to higher quality forage than resident deer but that this difference persisted even after controlling for landscape characteristics within the summer home ranges. There was a positive effect of elevation on access to high‐quality forage, but only for migratory deer. We discuss how the landscape an ungulate inhabits may determine its responses to plant phenology and also highlight how individual behavior may influence nutritional gain beyond the effect of landscape.
Application of monolithic chromatographic supports in virus research
Authors: Krajacic Mladen , Ravnikar Maja , Štrancar Aleš , Gutiérrez‐Aguirre Ion 
Published: May 2017

AbstractKey properties of monolithic chromatographic supports, make them suitable for separation and/or concentration of large biomolecules, especially virus particles and viral genomes. One by one, the studies that have been completed so far, contributed to the knowledge that monolith chromatography has hardly any limitation to be applied in virus research. Viruses of different sizes, possessing icosahedral structure and symmetrical morphology, as well as rod‐shaped or filamentous viruses with helical structure, even enveloped ones, all of them could be successfully managed by means of monolith chromatography. Same is true for viral genomes, primarily when being distinct from other nucleic acid forms present in a host cell. This review is exclusively focused on viruses. It describes the application of monolith chromatography to different problematics within the virus research field. The reviewed achievements offer new possibilities and trigger new aspects in virology.
Brain structural connectivity and context‐dependent extinction memory
Authors: Hermann Andrea , Stark Rudolf , Blecker Carlo R. , Milad Mohammed R. , Merz Christian J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundExtinction of conditioned fear represents an important mechanism in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Return of fear after successful extinction or exposure therapy in patients with anxiety disorders might be linked to poor temporal or contextual generalization of extinction due to individual differences in brain structural connectivity. The goal of this magnetic resonance imaging study was therefore to investigate the association of context‐dependent extinction recall with brain structural connectivity. Methods: Diffusion‐tensor imaging was used to determine the fractional anisotropy as a measure of white matter structural integrity of fiber tracts connecting central brain regions of the fear and extinction circuit (uncinate fasciculus, cingulum). Forty‐five healthy men participated in a two‐day fear conditioning experiment with fear acquisition in context A and extinction learning in context B on the first day. Extinction recall in the extinction context as well as renewal in the acquisition context and a novel context C took place one day later. Results: Renewal of conditioned fear (skin conductance responses) in the acquisition context was associated with higher structural integrity of the hippocampal part of the cingulum. Conclusions: Enhanced structural integrity of the cingulum might be related to stronger hippocampal modulation of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, a region important for modulating conditioned fear output by excitatory projections to the amygdala. This finding underpins the crucial role of individual differences in the structural integrity of relevant fiber tracts for context‐dependent extinction recall and return of fear after exposure therapy in anxiety disorders.
Blockade of hedgehog pathway is required for the protective effects of magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate against ethanol‐induced hepatocyte steatosis and apoptosis
Authors: Lu Chunfeng , Xu Wenxuan , Shao Jiangjuan , Zhang Feng , Chen Anping , Zheng Shizhong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAlcoholic liver disease (ALD), characterized by excessive deposition of lipids in hepatocytes, causes heavy health burden personally and socially. Mechanistically, hedgehog signaling was activated during the development of ALD, and exerted compelling role in regulating lipometabolism. The current promising intervention strategy is inhibition of lipid accumulation and apoptosis in hepatocytes. Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate (MgIG) has been widely used in various liver diseases for its good hepatoprotective activities. However, the role of MgIG in ALD has not been elucidated. Therefore, this study was aimed to explore the role of MgIG and further identify the potential mechanisms. We found for the first time that MgIG reduced lipid accumulation, including triglyceride, and total cholesterol, probably via inducing peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐alpha and inhibiting sterol regulatory element‐binding protein‐1c. Further, MgIG alleviated ethanol‐induced oxidative stress, evidenced by reduced abundance of reactive oxygen species and increased levels of glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Besides, MgIG protected hepatocytes from ethanol‐induced apoptosis. In addition, MgIG dose‐dependently suppressed hedgehog signaling. Of note was that disruption of hedgehog signaling could mimic the effects of MgIG, whereas activation of hedgehog signaling abrogated the effects of MgIG. These findings suggested that MgIG prevented ethanol‐induced hepatocyte steatosis and apoptosis via a hedgehog signaling inhibition‐dependent mechanism. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(7):540–552, 2017
Stroke in Women: Risk Factors and Clinical Biomarkers
Authors: Mirzaei Hamed 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTStroke has been emerged as one of major health problems for women worldwide. Increasing of knowledge in this field has provided new data in this area which contribute to finding of new risk factors and could improve stroke treatment. A large number studies indicated a variety of risk factors including sex, age, race, smoking, diabetes, and physical inactivity could be involved in stroke in women. The understanding of various aspects involved in women stroke including risk factors, outcomes, stroke recovery, and prevention could provide new therapeutic platforms which could likely lead to better treatment in women stroke. Diagnosis is one of important steps in stroke therapy. It has been showed that a variety of biomarkers such as microRNAs (miRNAs), tPA, and von willebrand factor could be used as therapeutic and diagnostic biomarkers in stroke therapy. Here, we summarized various aspects of stroke in women which could help to recognition risk factors, outcomes, care, treatment, and novel biomarkers involve in treatment of stroke. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4191–4202, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mechanistic modeling of hydrophobic interaction chromatography for monoclonal antibody purification: process optimization in the quality by design paradigm
Authors: Shekhawat Lalita Kanwar , Chandak Monu , Rathore Anurag S 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDA mechanistic model has been developed for hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) based purification of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The model has been used to gain thorough process understanding as desired by the quality by design paradigm. The model is based on the general rate model coupled with an exponentially modified Langmuir adsorption model. The latter has been modeled by using the solvophobic theory for correlating protein adsorption equilibrium on the hydrophobic media with the mobile phase salt concentration.RESULTSThe proposed model satisfactorily predicts the elution profile of the monoclonal antibody product under consideration and its aggregates on a HIC column (Phenyl Sepharose 6 Fast FlowTM low sub) operated in linear gradient mode. The model has been used to elucidate the underlying mechanism behind separation of monomer and aggregate species. A comparison of the relative time scales for the various mass transfer events for mAb and aggregate species indicates that the intra‐particle (pore) diffusion transport of these molecules to their respective binding sites within the porous HIC resin is the rate limiting step whereas convection, film diffusion, and binding kinetics are relatively faster (time scales are 10−1 to 10−3 order of magnitude times the time scale of intra‐particle pore diffusion).CONCLUSIONSThe proposed methodology for modeling can be successfully implemented to achieve efficient aggregate removal by HIC using minimal experimentation compared with the traditional experimentally extensive approaches. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Improving catalytic activity of laccase immobilized on the branched polymer chains of magnetic nanoparticles under alternating magnetic field
Authors: Xia Ting‐Ting , Lin Wan , Liu Chun‐Zhao , Guo Chen 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDImmobilization of laccase may cause more or less mass transfer limitation in practical applications. In order to enhance the reaction rate, there is great interest in developing an effective way to increase the rate of diffusion in reactions catalyzed by immobilized laccase.RESULTSThe laccase from Trametes versicolor (p‐diphenol: dioxygen oxidoreductases, EC 1.10.3.2) immobilized on different molecular weight polyethylenimine (PEI) modified amine‐functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticles [Fe3O4–NH2–PEI (1200/10 000/60 000)–laccase] was separately fabricated. The oxidation reaction rate of catechol catalyzed by Fe3O4–NH2–PEI (1200)–laccase under an alternating magnetic field (600 Hz, 10 Gs) was separately 2.10 times and 1.16 times higher than the control without any external force and with mechanical stirring at 150 rpm. This was a larger increase than for Fe3O4–NH2–PEI (10 000/60 000)–laccase. In addition, the reaction rate catalyzed by Fe3O4–NH2–PEI (1200)–laccase was enhanced as the magnetic field frequency, strength and Fe3O4–NH2–PEI (1200)–laccase or catechol concentration was increased. The immobilized laccase retained 85% of its initial activity after six consecutive operations.CONCLUSIONUsing an alternating magnetic field was a powerful way to intensify the reaction rate catalyzed by laccase immobilized on branched polymer chains of magnetic nanoparticles and showed potential for large‐scale catalytic reaction. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Morphological variations on microscopy in oocysts of coccidian parasites: A prospective study from a tertiary care hospital in north India
Authors: Choudhary Aashish , Gupta Nitin , Ahmad Hafiz , Mirdha Bijay Ranjan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe modified acid fast staining technique is a commonly used procedure for the detection of coccidian parasites in developing countries. The morphological variations observed in these parasites play a significant role to some extent in both identification and diagnosis of these parasitic infections. A prospective cross sectional study was performed over three years. The fecal smears were stained by modified Kinyoun acid‐fast staining technique and were extensively studied for morphological variations in the coccidian parasites. Out of a total of two thousand one hundred fifty one (n = 2,151) fecal samples received during the study period, 259 samples (12%) were positive for any one of the coccidian parasites. Morphological variations, especially in the staining character was noted in all the three coccidian parasites. This study was an attempt to characterize different variations in size, shape and staining characteristics of the three coccidian parasites.
Load‐induced changes in the diffusion tensor of ovine anulus fibrosus: A pilot MRI study
Authors: Tourell Monique C. , Kirkwood Margaret , Pearcy Mark J. , Momot Konstantin I. , Little J. Paige 
Published: May 2017

PurposeTo assess the feasibility of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) for evaluating changes in anulus fibrosus (AF) microstructure following uniaxial compression.Materials and MethodsSix axially aligned samples of AF were obtained from a merino sheep disc; two each from the anterior, lateral, and posterior regions. The samples were mechanically loaded in axial compression during five cycles at a rate and maximum compressive strain that reflected physiological conditions. DTI was conducted at 7T for each sample before and after mechanical testing.ResultsThe mechanical response of all samples in unconfined compression was nonlinear. A stiffer response during the first loading cycle, compared to the remaining cycles, was observed. Change in diffusion parameters appeared to be region‐dependent. The mean fractional anisotropy increased following mechanical testing. This was smallest in the lateral (2% and 9%) and largest in the anterior and posterior samples (17–25%). The mean average diffusivity remained relatively constant (<2%) after mechanical testing in the lateral and posterior samples, but increased (by 5%) in the anterior samples. The mean angle made by the principal eigenvector with the spine axis in the lateral samples was 73° and remained relatively constant (<2%) following mechanical testing. This angle was smaller in the anterior (55°) and posterior (47°) regions and increased by 6–16° following mechanical testing.ConclusionThese preliminary results suggest that axial compression reorients the collagen fibers, such that they become more consistently aligned parallel to the plane of the endplates.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;45:1723–1735
Future projections of streamflow magnitude and timing differ across coastal watersheds of the western United States
Authors: Burke William D. , Ficklin Darren L. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTClimate change has and will continue to impact the magnitude and timing of streamflow throughout the world. While streamflow timing of western United States watersheds has shifted earlier in mountainous snow‐dominated watersheds due to earlier snowmelt, timing for rain‐dominated coastal watersheds has shifted to later in the year. Despite these dissimilarities, coastal watersheds have received little attention in the literature. This research assesses changes in projected climate and hydrology for five small coastal basins (42–718 km2) in Washington, Oregon, and California. Projections of temperature and precipitation from General Circulation Models (GCMs) for Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 and 8.5 are coupled with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool hydrologic model to simulate future hydrology for each watershed. The response of climate, streamflow discharge, and timing was analysed for each watershed by comparing the projected mid‐21st century (2035–2064) and late‐21st century (2070–2099) to the historical period (1970–1999). While temperature is projected to increase at each watershed from 1 to 6 °C by the end of the 21st century, precipitation varies widely with the median and mean change across all watersheds and GCMs being close to zero (just 2.0 and 3.6%, respectively). Changes in the magnitude of peak winter streamflow discharge differ across the region compared to the historical period. Streamflow timing also features latitudinal divergence, with the southern California watershed projecting later timing by 13 days and all other watersheds indicating smaller shifts (0–7 days) for the end of the 21st century compared to the historical time period, largely from corresponding shifts in precipitation timing. The projected decreases in peak winter streamflow magnitude, particularly in central and southern California, have critical implications for water supply, which is already strained from extensive drought and high demand. This research makes strides to assess new trends across coastal watersheds.