bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of foreign corporate political activities in United States politics
Authors: Brown Lee Warren , Yaşar Mahmut , Rasheed Abdul A. 
Published: November 2017

Research SummaryAlthough there is growing recognition of the importance of nonmarket strategies in ensuring favorable outcomes for firms, most of the research on corporate political activity (CPA) in the U.S. has focused on domestic firms. However, foreign firms are also actively involved in lobbying in the U.S. We identify several predictors of foreign firm CPA using an institutional perspective. Based on a sample of 1,701 publicly listed foreign firms from 37 different countries during the period 1998–2014 and using penalized maximum likelihood and Poisson estimators, we find that the cultural‐cognitive, normative, and regulative institutional characteristics of the home countries of the foreign firms can explain a firm's willingness to engage in CPA in the U.S., over and above firm and industry‐level factors.Managerial SummaryThere is growing recognition of the importance of nonmarket strategies in ensuring favorable outcomes for firms. However, most of the research on corporate political activity (CPA) in the U.S. has focused on domestic firms. Foreign firms are also active participants in CPA in the U.S. In this article, we try to identify the country‐level predictors of foreign firm CPA, more specifically their lobbying activities, using data on 1,701 publicly listed foreign firms from 37 different countries during the period 1998–2014. Our results indicate that country‐level institutional factors influence a foreign firm's likelihood of engaging in CPA in the U.S. above and beyond more well‐known firm and industry‐level variables.
Operation family caregiver: Problem‐solving training for military caregivers in a community setting
Authors: Easom Leisa R. , Wang Ke , Moore Renee H. , Wang Heqiong , Bauer Laura 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis study, conducted over a 2‐year period at 9 sites, describes the outcomes of an evidence‐based support program, Operation Family Caregiver, to gain an understanding of how a tailored, problem‐solving training could assist military caregivers, who provide care and assistance to those injured, ill, or disabled as a result of war.MethodA pre‐post research design was employed to examine caregiver burden, depression, health complaints, satisfaction with life, children's anxiety, and problem solving among a convenience sample of caregivers of 128 military service members and veterans.ResultsAnalysis revealed a decrease in depression, burden, and health complaints and an increase in satisfaction of life and positive problem‐solving skills (p < .001).ConclusionThis program may be beneficial to caregiving families of military service and veterans living with posttraumatic stress, traumatic brain injury, and/or a physical disability.
Cranial shape variation in jacarean caimanines (Crocodylia, Alligatoroidea) and its implications in the taxonomic status of extinct species: The case of Melanosuchus fisheri
Authors: Foth Christian , Fernandez Blanco María Victoria , Bona Paula , Scheyer Torsten M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMelanosuchus niger (Crocodylia, Alligatoroidea) is one of the six living caimanine species widely distributed throughout the Amazon River basin today. Although there is only one extant species of Melanosuchus, fossil material assigned to this genus, represented by M. fisheri, has been reported from the late Miocene in South America. However, the validity of this taxon has been questioned and a recent investigation indicates that the referred specimen of M. fisheri (MCZ 4336) actually belongs to Globidentosuchus brachyrostris, while those diagnostic characters present in the holotype (MCNC 243) fall into the spectrum of intraspecific variation of M. niger. Here, we compare the skull shape of the holotype of M. fisheri with the ontogenetic series of the four jacarean species (M. niger, Caiman yacare, Caiman crocodilus, and Caiman latirostris) using 2D‐geometric morphometric analyses in two different views. The analyses indicate that MCNC 243 falls into the morphospace of M. niger and C. latirostris. Despite strong shape similarities between juveniles of C. latirostris and MCNC 243, further anatomical comparisons reveal notable differences between them. In contrast, no concrete anatomical differences can be found between MCNC 243 and M. niger, although shape analyses indicate that MCNC 243 is relatively robust for its size. Thus, this study is able to confirm that the genus Melanosuchus was present in the late Miocene, but it still remains unclear if MCNC 243 should be treated as a junior synonym or probably a sister species of M. niger. Its Miocene age favors the second option, but as the shape analyses were also not able to extract any diagnostic characters, it should be retained as Melanosuchus cf. niger.
Tool for osteoarthritis risk prediction (TOARP) over 8 years using baseline clinical data, X‐ray, and MRI: Data from the osteoarthritis initiative
Authors: Joseph Gabby B. , McCulloch Charles E. , Nevitt Michael C. , Neumann Jan , Gersing Alexandra S. , Kretzschmar Martin , Schwaiger Benedikt J. , Lynch John A. , Heilmeier Ursula , Lane Nancy E. , Link Thomas M. 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundOsteoarthritis (OA), a multifactorial disease causing joint degeneration, often leads to severe disability. The rising rates of disability highlight the need for implementing preventative measures at early stages of the disease, which would especially benefit subjects at high risk for OA development.PurposeTo develop a risk prediction tool for moderate‐severe OA (TOARP) over 8 years based on subject characteristics, knee radiographs, and MRI data at baseline using data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI).Study TypeRetrospective.Subjects641 subjects with no/mild radiographic OA (Kellgren–Lawrence [KL] 0–2) and no clinically significant symptoms (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index [WOMAC] 0–1) were selected from the OAI.Field Strength/SequenceMR images were obtained using 3.0T.AssessmentCompartment‐specific cartilage and meniscus morphology and cartilage T2 were assessed. Baseline subject demographics, risk factors, KL score, cartilage WORMS score, presence of meniscus tear, and cartilage T2 were used to predict the development of moderate/severe OA (KL = 3–4 or WOMAC pain ≥5 or total knee replacement [TKR]) over 8 years.Statistical TestsBest subsets variable selection followed by cross‐validation were used to assess which combinations of variables best predict moderate/severe OA.ResultsModel 1 included KL score, previous knee injury in the last 12 months, age, gender, and BMI. Model 2 included all variables in Model 1 plus presence of cartilage defects in the lateral femur and patella, and presence of a meniscal tear. Model 3 included all variables in Models 1 and 2, plus cartilage T2 in the medial tibia and medial femur. Compared to Model 1 (cross‐validated AUC = 0.67), Model 3 performed significantly better (AUC = 0.72, P = 0.04), while Model 2 showed a statistical trend (AUC = 0.71, P = 0.08).Data ConclusionWe established a risk calculator for the development of moderate/severe knee OA over 8 years that includes radiographic and MRI data. The inclusion of MRI‐based morphological abnormalities and cartilage T2 significantly improved model performance.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1517–1526.
Flavin‐Based Light‐Driven Fluorescent Probe for the Detection of Antioxidant Amino Acids
Authors: Hong Kyeong‐Im , Lee Seong Min , Jang Woo‐Dong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe have synthesized a flavin‐N(5)‐oxide derivative with a p‐toluenesulfonyl (Ts‐OF) group as a “turn‐on” fluorescent probe for the detection of several antioxidant amino acids and biothiols. Oxidized flavin was synthesized by using dithiothreitol as the reducing agent. Ts‐OF showed a light‐driven fluorescence enhancement in the presence of several amino acids and biothiols such as histidine (His), methionine (Met), cysteine (Cys), glutathione (GSH), and homocysteine (Hcy). The 1H NMR study indicated the reductive elimination of the p‐toluenesulfonyl group from Ts‐OF in the presence of antioxidants and photo‐irradiation.
Antidepressant use during pregnancy and childhood cancer in the offspring
Authors: Momen Natalie C. , Munk‐Olsen Trine , Li Jiong , Ingstrup Katja G. , Olsen Jørn , Bergink Veerle , Liu Xiaoqin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPurposeAntidepressant use during pregnancy has been increasing in recent years. We evaluated whether in utero exposure to antidepressants increased the risk of childhood cancer.MethodsThis population‐based cohort study using national registers in Denmark comprised 915 128 liveborn singletons during 1998‐2012. We categorised children into three mutually exclusive exposure groups according to maternal redemption of an antidepressant prescription from 2 years before pregnancy until delivery of the index child: Unexposed (N = 863 033), prior user (use before but not during pregnancy) (N = 30 607), and use during pregnancy (N = 21 488). The children were followed from birth until first diagnosis of cancer, death, emigration, or December 31, 2012, whichever came first. The children were followed maximum 14.9 years and contributed to 6.9 × 106 person‐years at risk. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) of cancer using Cox regression with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsIn total, 1298 (0.1%) children were diagnosed with cancer. Antidepressant use during pregnancy was not associated with a significantly increased risk of childhood cancer in general; the HR was 1.03 (95% CI, 0.63‐1.68), compared to children born by mothers who discontinued antidepressant use prior to pregnancy. The association between in utero exposure to antidepressants and childhood cancer did not depend on type or duration of antidepressant use. There was no strong evidence indicating a higher risk of leukaemia or nervous system tumours among children exposed to antidepressants in utero.ConclusionAntidepressant use during pregnancy was not significantly associated with childhood cancer in general nor with leukaemia or nervous system tumours in specific.
Quantitative Extracellular Matrix Proteomics Suggests Cell Wall Reprogramming in Host‐Specific Immunity During Vascular Wilt Caused by Fusarium oxysporum in Chickpea
Authors: Elagamey Eman , Narula Kanika , Sinha Arunima , Ghosh Sudip , Abdellatef Magdi A. E. , Chakraborty Niranjan , Chakraborty Subhra 
Published: November 2017

AbstractExtracellular matrix (ECM) is the unique organelle that perceives stress signals and reprograms molecular events of host cell during patho‐stress. However, our understanding of how ECM dictates plant immunity is largely unknown. Vascular wilt caused by the soil borne filamentous fungus Fusarium oxysporum is a major impediment for global crop productivity. To elucidate the role of ECM proteins and molecular mechanism associated with cell wall mediated immunity, the temporal changes of ECM proteome was studied in vascular wilt resistant chickpea cultivar upon F. oxysporum infection. The 2DE protein profiling coupled with mass spectrometric analysis identified 166 immune responsive proteins (IRPs) involved in variety of functions. Our data suggest that wall remodeling; protein translocation, stabilization, and chitin triggered immunity; and extracellular ATP signaling are major players in early, middle, and later phases of ECM signaling during fungal attack. Furthermore, we interrogated the proteome data using network analysis that identified modules enriched in known and novel immunity‐related prognostic proteins centered around nascent aminopolypeptide complex (NAC), amine oxidase, thioredoxin, and chaperonin. This study for the first time provides an insight into the complex network operating in the ECM and impinges on the surveillance mechanism of innate immunity during patho‐stress in crop plant.
Exploring the cancer caregiver's journey through web‐based Meaning‐Centered Psychotherapy
Authors: Applebaum A.J. , Buda K.L. , Schofield E. , Farberov M. , Teitelbaum N.D. , Evans K. , Cowens‐Alvarado R. , Cannady R.S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectivePsychosocial interventions are historically underutilized by cancer caregivers, but support programs delivered flexibly over the Internet address multiple barriers to care. We adapted Meaning‐Centered Psychotherapy for cancer caregivers, an in‐person psychotherapeutic intervention intended to augment caregivers' sense of meaning and purpose and ameliorate burden, for delivery in a self‐administered web‐based program, the Care for the Cancer Caregiver (CCC) Workshop. The present study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of this program.MethodsEighty‐four caregivers were randomized to the CCC Workshop or waitlist control arm. Quantitative assessments of meaning, burden, anxiety, depression, benefit finding, and spiritual well‐being were conducted preintervention (T1), within 2‐weeks postintervention (T2), and 2‐ to 3‐month follow‐up (T3). In‐depth semistructured interviews were conducted with a subset of participants.ResultsForty‐two caregivers were randomized to the CCC Workshop. Attrition was moderate at T2 and T3, with caregiver burden and bereavement as key causes of drop‐out. At T2 and T3, some observed mean change scores and effect sizes were consistent with hypothesized trends (eg, meaning in caregiving, benefit finding, and depressive symptomatology), though no pre‐post significant differences emerged between groups. However, a longitudinal mixed‐effects model found significant differential increases in benefit finding in favor of the CCC arm.ConclusionsThe CCC Workshop was feasible and acceptable. Based on effect sizes reported here, a larger study will likely establish the efficacy of the CCC Workshop, which has the potential to address unmet needs of caregivers who underutilize in‐person supportive care services.
Exploring the mechanisms for the radical induced damage of 6‐thioguanine
Authors: Sandhiya Lakshmanan , Senthilkumar Kittusamy 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe oxidation of thioguanine (6‐TG) by reactive radicals such as •OH, •OCl, •OOH, and •OONO has been studied using density functional theory methods. The radical addition to the C‐atomic sites of 6‐TG occurs more favorably at the C8‐position. The radical addition to the S‐atom of 6‐TG proceeds through the formation of guanine sulfenate radical which is more stable than the peroxo intermediate formed through UVA mediated photooxidation of 6‐TG. Thus, the formation of guanine sulfenate radical resists its full oxidation to guanine sulphonate, a highly effectual blocking agent to replication and transcription. The ring opening and rearrangement of the radical adducts lead to the formation of a spiro compound, more feasibly by the •OONO attack. The •OONO is not highly reactive toward radical addition reactions, but induces damage to DNA through the formation of spiro compounds. The attack of the radicals at four sites of 6‐TG, N1, N10, N9, and C8 have been studied and the order of preferred sites for dehydrogenation of 6‐TG by reactive radicals can be quantified as N1 > N9 > N10 > C8. The •OCl is equally reactive as •OH in oxidizing 6‐TG. The electron transfer reactions between 6‐TG and the radicals under study are endergonic in both gas and aqueous phases. The present study deals with the important mechanisms involved in the radical induced damage of 6‐TG in competition with the UVA mediated photooxidation of 6‐TG.
Inter‐organizational sensemaking in the face of strategic meta‐problems: Requisite variety and dynamics of participation
Authors: Seidl David , Werle Felix 
Published: November 2017

Research Summary: When faced with complex strategic problems that exceed their individual sensemaking capacities, organizations often engage in inter‐organizational collaboration. This enables them to pool the participants’ different perspectives and to grasp the problem at hand more comprehensively. Drawing on data collected from two longitudinal case studies, we examine how those who participate in inter‐organizational sensemaking processes are selected and how the particular selection of participants affects the dynamics of the sensemaking process in turn. In our analysis, we show how the selection of specific problem issues influences who joins or withdraws from the collaboration and we identify a mechanism that accounts for changes in the particular dynamics of the sensemaking process over time. Our findings help explain how the process of inter‐organizational sensemaking can yield different outcomes.Managerial Summary: The ability to make sense of the business environment is central to strategic management. As the complexity of the environment increases and interpreting it becomes more difficult, organizations increasingly turn to inter‐organizational collaboration, which allows them to pool their expertise in order to explore strategic issues. We examine how the participants in projects of joint exploration are selected and how the selection of participants affects the process of exploration in turn. More specifically, we describe how the aspects on which collaborating organizations choose to focus influence who joins and who withdraws from a collaboration. We also identify a mechanism that accounts for differences and changes in the dynamics of the sensemaking process over time. These changes affect how the collaborators come to understand their organization's business environment.
Factors Associated with Premalignant Epithelial Changes in Chronic Calculous Cholecystitis: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Bangash Muhibullah , Alvi Abdul Rehman , Shahzad Noman , Shariff Amir Hafeez , Gill Roger Christopher 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntroductionGallstones are known to be associated with premalignant changes in the gallbladder epithelium that range from atypical hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia to carcinoma. Recognition of factors associated with these changes in patients with gallstones can potentially be helpful in identifying patients to whom prophylactic cholecystectomy can be offered to reduce the chances of developing carcinoma.ObjectiveTo identify factors associated with premalignant epithelial changes including atypical hyperplasia, metaplasia, and dysplasia in gallbladder mucosa in patients with chronic calculus cholecystitis.Materials and methodsThis was retrospective case–control study conducted over a period of 10 years from 2004 to 2014. Cases were patients with reported histopathological premalignant epithelial changes along with chronic calculus cholecystitis, and controls were patients without premalignant epithelial changes but chronic calculus cholecystitis. Controls were twice the number of the cases.ResultsOver study period, 92 patients were reported to have premalignant epithelial changes on gall bladder histopathology for whom 184 controls were selected. Of cases, 61 (66%) patients had atypical hyperplasia, while metaplasia and dysplasia were present in 26 (28%) and 5 (5%) cases, respectively. Mean age was 47.5 ± 14.5 years, and 74% of the study population were female. Wall thickness of more than 3 mm (OR = 4.14, p value < 0.001) turned out to be statistically significant independent variables associated with premalignant lesions in gallbladder mucosa.ConclusionOdds of premalignant epithelial change in gall bladder mucosa in patients with gall bladder wall thickness of more than 3 mm is four times the odds of patients with wall thickness less than 3 mm, and the effect is statistically significant. Prophylactic cholecystectomy should be considered for this group of patients.
Radiocarbon and Stable Isotope Evidence for Changes in Sediment Mixing in the North Pacific over the Past 30 kyr
Authors: Costa Kassandra M , McManus Jerry F , Anderson Robert F 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDeep-sea sediment mixing by bioturbation is ubiquitous on the seafloor, and it can be an important influence on the fidelity of paleoceanographic records. Bioturbation can be difficult to quantify, especially in the past, but diffusive models based on radioactive tracer profiles have provided a relatively successful approach. However, a singular, constant mixing regime is unlikely to prevail in a region where dynamic oceanographic changes in the bottom water environment are a consequence of paleoclimatic variability. In this study, foraminiferal stable isotopes, radiocarbon (14C) dating, and 230Th fluxes are utilized to understand the sediment mixing history in the easternmost region of the North Pacific. In the uppermost sediment, a 12,000-yr offset between planktonic foraminifera species N. incompta and G. bulloides is observed that coincides with age plateaus at 2000–2500 yr for N. incompta and 15,000–16,000 yr for G. bulloides despite coincident glacial-interglacial shifts in δ18O of benthic species. These age plateaus, particularly for G. bulloides, are a result of changing foraminiferal abundance related to assemblage shifts and carbonate preservation changes since the last glacial period, providing a window into the extent of mixing in the past. The 14C and stable isotope results can be simulated using an iterative model that couples these changes in foraminiferal abundance with variability in mixing depth over time. The best-fit model output suggests that the deepest, or most intense, mixing of the past 30,000 yr (30 kyr) may have occurred during the Holocene. Even though changes in mixing affect the 14C and δ18O of planktonic species that have dramatically varying abundance, substantial age control is nevertheless provided by δ18O measurements on the more consistently abundant benthic foraminifera Uvigerina, thus allowing the construction of a reliable chronology for these cores.
Will human-like machines make human-like mistakes?
Authors: Livesey Evan J. , Goldwater Micah B. , Colagiuri Ben 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAlthough we agree with Lake et al.'s central argument, there are numerous flaws in the way people use causal models. Our models are often incorrect, resistant to correction, and applied inappropriately to new situations. These deficiencies are pervasive and have real-world consequences. Developers of machines with similar capacities should proceed with caution.
Converging on a theory of language through multiple methods
Authors: González-Márquez Mónica , Feist Michele I. , Ströbel Liane 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAssuming that linguistic representation has been studied only by linguists using grammaticality judgments, Branigan & Pickering (B&P) present structural priming as a novel alternative. We show that their assumptions are incorrect for cognitive-functional linguistics, exposing converging perspectives on form/meaning pairings between generativists and cognitive-functional linguists that we hope will spark the cross-disciplinary discussion necessary to produce a cognitively plausible model of linguistic representation.
Structural priming, action planning, and grammar
Authors: MacDonald Maryellen C. , Weiss Daniel J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractStructural priming is poorly understood and cannot inform accounts of grammar for two reasons. First, those who view performance as grammar + processing will always be able to attribute psycholinguistic data to processing rather than grammar. Second, structural priming may be simply an example of hysteresis effects in general action planning. If so, then priming offers no special insight into grammar.