bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of temperature on the embryonic and larvae development of discus fish Symphysodon aequifasciatus and time of first feeding
Authors: Mattos Douglas da Cruz , Cardoso Leonardo Demier , Oliveira Adriano Teixeira de , Screnci-Ribeiro Rafaela , Mattos Bruno Olivetti de , Aride Paulo Henrique Rocha , Radael Marcella Costa , Motta Jonas Henrique de Souza , Vidal Manuel Vazquez 
Published: September 2024

SummaryThis study aimed to analyze the influence of different temperatures on the embryonic and larval development of discus fish Symphysodon aequifasciatus and determine the time required for the beginning of exogenous feeding. Eggs and larvae were obtained from natural spawns and distributed in five treatments: 24.0, 26.0, 28.0, 30.0, and 32.0 °C. To assess the developmental stages and embryonic structures, samples were taken at regular intervals and checked under an optical microscope. At the end of the experimental period, statistical analysis was performed, followed by Tukey’s test. As a result, it was possible to observe the significant effects of temperature on the variables. It was noted that the temperature accelerated the embryonic and larval development of the discus and also contributed to a reduction in the time between the incubation period and the feeding transition. It was also noted that the incubation of eggs and larvae at a temperature of 24.0 °C can cause damage to embryos, such as malformation of the body as well as anomalies in the circulatory system.
Cognitive reserve as residual variance in cognitive performance: Latent dimensionality, correlates, and dementia prediction
Authors: Aichele Stephen R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectives:Cognitive reserve (CR) is typically operationalized as episodic memory residualized on brain health indices. The dimensionality of more generalized models of CR has rarely been examined.Methods:In a sample of N = 113 dementia-free older adults (ages 62–86 years at MRI scan; 58.4% women), the domain-specific representation of general cognition (COG) before vs. after residualization on brain indices (brain volume loss, cerebral blood flow, white matter hyperintensities) was compared (i.e., COG vs. CR). COG and CR were assessed by 15 tasks spanning five domains: processing speed, verbal memory, visuospatial memory, fluid reasoning, and vocabulary. Measurement invariance and item-construct representation were tested in a series of structural factor analyses. COG and CR were then examined in relation to 22 risk and protective factors and dementia status at time of death.Results:Item-factor loadings differed such that CR more strongly emphasized fluid reasoning. More years of education, higher occupational class, more hobbies/interests, and fewer difficulties with personal mobility similarly predicted better COG and CR. Only the sub-domain of visuospatial memory (both before and after residualization) was associated with conversion to dementia by end-of-life (r = −.30; p = .01).Conclusions:Results provide tentative support for the role of fluid reasoning (intelligence) as a potential compensatory factor for age- and/or neuropathology-related reductions in processing speed and memory. Intellectually stimulating work, efforts to preserve personal mobility, and a diversity of hobbies and interests may attenuate age- and/or pathology-related reductions in cognitive functioning prior to dementia onset.
Exploring fluctuations and interconnected movements in stock, commodity, and cryptocurrency markets
Authors: Akin Isik , Akin Meryem , Ozturk Zafer , Hameed Affan , Opara Victoria , Satiroglu Hakan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This research employs a vector autoregression (VAR) analysis to explore the volatility and dynamic interactions between stock, commodity, and cryptocurrency markets. It focuses on the returns of the S&P 500, gold, crude oil, and Bitcoin to analyse their interconnections. Our results indicate that Bitcoin returns positively affect S&P 500 and crude oil, but negatively impact gold. Conversely, crude oil returns have a positive influence on gold but lead to decreased returns for Bitcoin and the S&P 500. Similarly, higher gold returns correspond to increased returns in crude oil and S&P 500 but decreased returns in Bitcoin. The rise of the S&P 500 negatively influences Bitcoin and crude oil returns, while gold returns remain unaffected. However, these relationships exhibit weak and limited strength. Including these assets in a portfolio can help risk mitigation, as Bitcoin diversifies crude oil, gold, and S&P 500, and crude oil diversifies S&P 500. These findings contribute to our understanding of global financial dynamics and inform decision-making in risk assessment, portfolio management, risk mitigation, and diversification strategies.
A case for the moral duty of specific human germline genetic engineering
Authors: Szocik Konrad , MacKay Matthew , Mason Christopher E. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Germline gene editing (GGE) is a controversial procedure, prohibited by most intergovernmental and scientific bodies and is not currently medically utilized. However, given circumstances where GGE would be essential for human survival, it is possible that GGE could be ideal, ethical and even necessary. One such possible instance of this circumstance could be long-term presence of humans on other planets. In our paper, we point out that there is a strong case for genetically modifying humans, including through GGE, for a future settlement in space directed at preserving human (and other) species. To avoid unnecessarily suffering and death from such difficult missions and environments, GGE enhancements should be considered, although only if shown to be safe, well-regulated and efficacious. We also examine and detail how major ethical frameworks can be shown to support, rather than prohibit, such procedures.
The association of compassion with dignity and symptoms in end-of-life cancer patients
Authors: Bovero Andrea , Di Girolamo Irene , Botto Rossana , Geminiani Giuliano Carlo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesCompassion is essential in palliative care; however, there is a lack of evidence of the association between this construct and patients’ dignity-related distress. The present study aimed to investigate the association between end-of-life cancer patients’ sense of dignity, the level of compassion of the healthcare professionals (HCPs) noticed and perceived by the patients, and levels of compassion that HCPs felt they had toward patients, investigating through specific attitudes and behaviors. Furthermore, the relationship between compassion and patients’ physical and psychological symptoms, such as levels of anxiety and depression, was also investigated.MethodsThe study was cross-sectional. The sample consisted of 105 end-of-life cancer patients and 40 HCPs. Patients had a Karnofsky Performance Status of 50 or lower and a life expectancy of less than 4 months. For each patient, sociodemographic data were collected, and a set of rating scales assessing compassion, dignity as well as physical and psychological symptoms were administered.ResultsThe results showed significant negative associations between patients’ perception of compassion and dignity-related distress as well as significant negative associations between patients’ perception of compassion and patients’ symptoms.Significance of resultsCompassion seems to be involved in diminishing dignity-related distress and alleviating physical and psychological symptoms. Other studies are needed to understand whether patients’ symptoms or whether specific HCPs’ conditions influence compassion. Exploring compassion and at the end-of-life could encourage a dignity-conserving care.
Modern arable and diverse ley farming systems can increase soil organic matter faster than global targets
Authors: Gantlett Richard , Bishop Jacob , Jones Hannah E. , Lukac Martin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Agriculture can be pivotal in mitigating climate change through soil carbon sequestration. Land conversion to pasture has been identified as the most effective method to achieve this. Yet, it creates a perceived trade-off between increasing soil carbon and maintaining arable food crop production. In this on-farm study, we assessed the potential of incorporating a 2-year diverse ley (consisting of 23 species of legumes, herbs, and grasses) within a 7-year arable crop rotation for soil organic matter accumulation. We established upper and lower boundaries of soil organic matter accumulation by comparing this approach to positive (permanent ley, akin to conversion to permanent pasture) and negative (bare soil) references. Our findings in the 2-year diverse ley treatment show greater soil organic matter accumulation in plots with lower baseline levels, suggesting a potential plateau of carbon sequestration under this management practice. In contrast, the positive reference consistently showed a steady rate of organic matter accumulation regardless of baseline levels. Moreover, we observed a concurrent increase in labile carbon content in the 2-year ley treatment and positive reference, indicating improved soil nutrient cycling and ecological processes that facilitate soil carbon sequestration. Our results demonstrate that incorporating a 2-year diverse ley within arable rotations surpasses the COP21 global target of a 0.4% annual increase in soil organic carbon. These findings, derived from a working farm's practical and economic constraints, provide compelling evidence that productive arable agriculture can contribute to climate change mitigation efforts.
Generalized Poisson random variable: its distributional properties and actuarial applications
Authors: Faroughi Pouya , Li Shu , Ren Jiandong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGeneralized Poisson (GP) distribution was introduced in Consul & Jain ((1973). Technometrics, 15(4), 791–799.). Since then it has found various applications in actuarial science and other areas. In this paper, we focus on the distributional properties of GP and its related distributions. In particular, we study the distributional properties of distributions in the
$\mathcal{H}$
family, which includes GP and generalized negative binomial distributions as special cases. We demonstrate that the moment and size-biased transformations of distributions within the
$\mathcal{H}$
family remain in the same family, which significantly extends the results presented in Ambagaspitiya & Balakrishnan ((1994). ASTINBulletin: the Journal of the IAA, 24(2), 255–263.) and Ambagaspitiya ((1995). Insurance Mathematics and Economics, 2(16), 107–127.). Such findings enable us to provide recursive formulas for evaluating risk measures, such as Value-at-Risk and conditional tail expectation of the compound GP distributions. In addition, we show that the risk measures can be calculated by making use of transform methods, such as fast Fourier transform. In fact, the transformation method showed a remarkable time advantage over the recursive method. We numerically compare the risk measures of the compound sums when the primary distributions are Poisson and GP. The results illustrate the model risk for the loss frequency distribution.
Dynamic Recrystallization of Olivine During Simple Shear: Evolution of Microstructure and Crystallographic Preferred Orientation From Full‐Field Numerical Simulations
Authors: Yu Y. , Griera A. , Gomez‐Rivas E. , Bons P. D. , García‐Castellanos D. , Hao B. , Lebensohn R. A. , Llorens M.‐G. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUpper mantle deformation is mainly controlled by the mechanical behavior of olivine. Crystallographic preferred orientations (CPOs) develop in olivine due to crystal‐plastic deformation during mantle flow, where the a‐axes of olivine polycrystalline aggregates are aligned with the flow direction. Therefore, the observed CPO in olivine‐rich rocks is used as an indicator of the mantle flow direction. Experimental data show that olivine rheology is strongly controlled by the microstructure. While the influence of plastic deformation is in general well characterized, the role of dynamic recrystallization during deformation is not totally understood, limiting our ability to interpret the deformation history of naturally deformed rocks. This contribution presents microdynamic numerical simulations of olivine polycrystalline aggregates with different iron content (i.e., fayalite content) with the aim of exploring the CPO and grain size response to dynamic recrystallization. We use a full‐field approach with an explicit simulation of viscoplastic deformation and dynamic recrystallization processes under simple shear boundary conditions up to high strain. The simulations show that the CPOs are similar and practically reach the same maximum regardless of the iron content. CPOs are characterized by a single cluster of a‐axis and two‐clusters of b‐axis, reveling a joint activity of the easy glide [100](010) and the moderate strength [100](010) slip systems. High‐strain domains of our models are consistent with experimental results, showing an A‐type fabric with double maxima, and where the CPO is aligned with the shear direction. The model provides a deeper understanding of the dynamic recrystallization influence on olivine CPOs resulting from plastic deformation.
Reduction of the Tropical Atmospheric Dynamics Into Shallow‐Water Analogs: A Formulation Analysis
Authors: Yano Jun‐Ichi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe shallow‐water analogue models for the tropical atmosphere are examined from a formulational point of view. The normal‐mode approach provides a formal procedure to reduce the primitive equation system to a shallow‐water analogue, although approaches based on vertical integrals of the primitive equation system may be more intuitively appealing. Under a general framework of the latter, classical models by Gill (1980, https://doi.org/10.1256/smsqj.44904) and Lindzen and Nigam (1987, 2.0.co;2>https://doi.org/10.1175/1520‐0469(1987)044<2418:otross>2.0.co;2) are derived in a deductive manner, by elucidating their limitations, implications, as well physical processes assumed. Major advantage of shallow‐water analogue models is that after a vertical integral, the determination of convective heating rate simply reduces to that of a precipitation rate. Consequently, the question of representing convection also almost reduces to that of precipitation. This fact leads to confusions in literature about distinction between large‐scale precipitation and subgrid‐scale convection. This framework further supports a popular notion of the moisture as a key variable for describing convection. By reviewing the existing formulations, it is shown that convection can be parameterized without moisture under the limit of the parcel‐environment quasi‐equilibrium.
In‐Stream Nitrogen Dynamics in a Point Source Influenced Headwater Stream During Baseflow Conditions
Authors: Spill Caroline , Ditzel Lukas , Gassmann Matthias 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHydrochemical signatures are often traced back to their original sources using data collected at catchment outlets. However, this approach introduces uncertainties, as signals may add up, cancel each other out, or be subject to transformation processes. Specifically rural point sources, such as communal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), are often overlooked and remain poorly understood in terms of their (local) impact, on water quality and quantity dynamics. We equipped a point source‐influenced headwater catchment with a comprehensive measurement setup, to directly trace the different hydrochemical signals. Statistical approaches were used to address c‐Q relationships and hydrochemical drivers for nutrient export upstream, downstream and within the WWTP during baseflow conditions. Groundwater infiltration into the old and leaky sewer system as well as rainwater collected via the combined sewer system were found to significantly alter processes within the WWTP, resulting in highly variable effluent nutrient concentrations. Ammonium introduced by the WWTP is rapidly transformed in the stream, leading to increasing nitrate concentrations further downstream. The combination of processes introduced by the WWTP overlap the dilution and (non‐significant) chemostatic patterns of the upstream nitrate‐discharge relationship, leading to enrichment patterns shortly after, and mainly diluting patterns 290 m downstream of the WWTP. Regarding maximum nutrient concentrations, dry periods during autumn were particularly critical, as the WWTP introduced high ammonium concentrations, which coincided with high nitrate concentrations from the catchment and a minimal dilution potential of the stream. Our study demonstrates the importance of incorporating all nutrient sources into catchment analyses, to facilitate successful management decisions.
Deriving Flow Velocity and Initial Concentration From Liesegang‐Like Patterns
Authors: Liu Chong , Calo Victor M. , Regenauer‐Lieb Klaus , Hu Manman 
Published: September 2024

AbstractZebra rocks, characterized by their striking reddish‐brown stripes, rods, and spots of hematite (Fe‐oxide), showcase complex self‐organized patterns formed under far‐from‐equilibrium conditions. Despite their ease of recognition, the underlying mechanisms of pattern‐forming processes remain elusive. We introduce a novel advection‐dominated phase‐field model that effectively replicates the Liesegang‐like patterns observed in Zebra rocks. This numerical model leverages the concept of phase separation, a well‐established principle governing Liesegang phenomena in a two‐dimensional setting. Our findings reveal that initial solute concentration and fluid flow velocity are critical determinants in pattern morphologies. We quantitatively explain the spacing and width of a specific Liesegang‐like pattern category. Furthermore, the model demonstrates that vanishingly low initial concentrations promote the formation of oblique patterns, with inclination angles influenced by rock heterogeneity. Additionally, we establish a quantitative relationship between band thickness and geological parameters for orthogonal bands. This enables the characterization of critical geological parameters based solely on static patterns observed in Zebra rocks, providing valuable insights into their formation environments. The diverse patterns in Zebra rocks share similarities with morphologies observed on early Earth and Mars, such as banded iron formations and hematite spherules. Our model, therefore, offers a plausible explanation for the formation mechanisms of these patterns and presents a powerful tool for deciphering the geochemical environments of their origin.
Climate, Hydrology, and Nutrients Control the Seasonality of Si Concentrations in Rivers
Authors: Johnson Keira , Jankowski Kathi Jo , Carey Joanna C. , Sethna Lienne R. , Bush Sidney A. , McKnight Diane , McDowell William H. , Wymore Adam S. , Kortelainen Pirkko , Jones Jeremy B. , Lyon Nicholas J. , Laudon Hjalmar , Poste Amanda E. , Sullivan Pamela L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe seasonal behavior of fluvial dissolved silica (DSi) concentrations, termed DSi regime, mediates the timing of DSi delivery to downstream waters and thus governs river biogeochemical function and aquatic community condition. Previous work identified five distinct DSi regimes across rivers spanning the Northern Hemisphere, with many rivers exhibiting multiple DSi regimes over time. Several potential drivers of DSi regime behavior have been identified at small scales, including climate, land cover, and lithology, and yet the large‐scale spatiotemporal controls on DSi regimes have not been identified. We evaluate the role of environmental variables on the behavior of DSi regimes in nearly 200 rivers across the Northern Hemisphere using random forest models. Our models aim to elucidate the controls that give rise to (a) average DSi regime behavior, (b) interannual variability in DSi regime behavior (i.e., Annual DSi regime), and (c) controls on DSi regime shape (i.e., minimum and maximum DSi concentrations). Average DSi regime behavior across the period of record was classified accurately 59% of the time, whereas Annual DSi regime behavior was classified accurately 80% of the time. Climate and primary productivity variables were important in predicting Average DSi regime behavior, whereas climate and hydrologic variables were important in predicting Annual DSi regime behavior. Median nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were important drivers of minimum and maximum DSi concentrations, indicating that these macronutrients may be important for seasonal DSi drawdown and rebound. Our findings demonstrate that fluctuations in climate, hydrology, and nutrient availability of rivers shape the temporal availability of fluvial DSi.
Gestational urinary concentrations of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in relation to preterm birth: the MIREC study
Authors: Ashley-Martin Jillian , Marro Leonora , Owen James , Borghese Michael M. , Arbuckle Tye , Bouchard Maryse F. , Lanphear Bruce , Walker Mark , Foster Warren , Fisher Mandy 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Few high-quality studies have evaluated associations between urinary glyphosate or its environmental degradate (aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA)] and preterm birth (PTB).

Objectives
To quantify associations between urinary glyphosate and AMPA and preterm birth in the pan-Canadian Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) study and determine if associations differ by fetal sex.

Methods
We measured first trimester urinary glyphosate and AMPA concentrations in MIREC participants who were recruited between 2008–2011 from 10 Canadian cities. Of the 1880 participants whose first trimester urine samples were analyzed for glyphosate or AMPA, 1765 delivered a singleton, live birth. Our primary outcome was preterm birth (PTB) defined as births occurring between 20 and <37 weeks. Secondary outcomes were spontaneous preterm births (sPTB) and gestational age. We modelled the hazard of PTB and sPTB using discrete time survival analysis with multivariable logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (OR). We used multivariable linear regression models to quantify associations between analytes and gestational age. To assess effect modification by fetal sex, we stratified all models and calculated interaction terms. In the logistic regressions models we additionally calculated the relative excess risk due to interaction.

Results
Six percent (n = 106) of the study population delivered preterm, and 4.7% (n = 83) had a spontaneous preterm birth. Median specific-gravity standardized concentrations of glyphosate and AMPA were 0.25 and 0.21 µg/L. Associations between both glyphosate or AMPA and PTB, sPTB, and gestational age centered around the null value. The adjusted ORs of PTB for each doubling of glyphosate and AMPA concentrations were 0.98 (95% CI: 0.94, 1.03) and 0.99 (95% CI: 0.92, 1.06) respectively. We observed no evidence of differences by fetal sex.

Conclusions
In this Canadian pregnancy cohort, neither glyphosate nor AMPA urinary concentrations was associated with PTB or reduced gestational length.