bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drilling an ERD Well on the Statfjord Field, North Sea
Authors: Hussain Sajjad , Dhaher Karam Sulaiman , Bjoerneli Hans Magnus , Blackburn Jason , Monterrosa Leida , Jakobsen Tom , Otto Monsen Gisle , Haaland Sigurd , Dahl Johan , Østensen Ståle , Fjelde Kjell Kåre 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Old platforms are not well known for extended-reach drilling (ERD) operations mainly due to rig and hydraulics limitations. ERD wells demand robust rig capabilities, good hydraulics systems, and equipment reliability. In addition, the well profile, rotary steerable system (RSS), measurement-while-drilling (MWD) and logging-while-drilling (LWD) tools, surveying, and new technologies are extremely important to the success in drilling an ERD well. RSS and drillpipe selection are important factors for hydraulics optimization. Surveying techniques are also important for time saving and improved efficiency. An ERD well in the North Sea Statfjord field was kicked off in the 17 ½-in. section from the openhole cement plug through a 50-m window between the 20-in. casing shoe and 13 3/8-in. casing stump, ensuring a smooth well profile and reduced doglegs compared to the whipstock window exit. The 17 ½-in. section was drilled and landed at a 79° inclination using point-the-bit RSS technology, and the 12 ¼-in. section was drilled in two runs as planned using the point-the-bit RSS withstanding more than 550 h down hole. The 9 5/8-in. liner was run and floated successfully in the ~6000-m section. Strict adherence to surveying techniques and quality control processes proved very helpful to meet Operator technical requirements. The 8 ½-in. section was drilled and landed on top of the reservoir with an inclination decrease from 88° to 35°. New MWD technology was successfully used in drilling the 6-in. section. These latest technologies as well as employing appropriate techniques help to drill ERD wells on aged platforms like those in the Statfjord field. This paper will describe the planning and execution phases of a challenging ERD well drilled in the Statfjord field.
Data Driven Adaptive Localization With Applications To Ensemble-Based 4D Seismic History Matching
Authors: Luo Xiaodong , Bhakta Tuhin , Nædal Geir 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Ensemble-based history matching methods have received great attention in reservoir engineering. In real applications, small ensembles are often used in reservoir simulations to reduce the computational costs. A small ensemble size may lead to ensemble collapse, a phenomenon in which the spread of the ensemble of history-matched reservoir models becomes extremely small. Ensemble collapse is not desired for an ensemble-based history matching method, because it will not only deteriorate the capacity in uncertainty quantification, but also force the ensemble-based method to stop updating reservoir models later on. In practice, distance-based localization is thus introduced to prevent ensemble collapse. Distance-based localization works well in many problems. However, one prerequisite in using distance-based localization is that the observations have associated physical locations. In certain circumstances with complex observations, this may not be true, and it thus becomes changeling to apply distance-based localization.
In this work, we propose a data driven adaptive localization scheme that does not reply on the physical locations of the observations. Instead, we use the spatial distributions of the correlations between model variables and the corresponding simulated observations. In the course of history matching, we update model variables by only using the observations that have relatively high correlations with them, while excluding those that have relatively low correlations.
We demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed localization scheme in one 2D and one 3D seismic history matching problems. In both problems, ensemble collapse is severe in the presence of large amounts of observational data, but distance-based localization is not applicable due to the lack of physical locations of the seismic data in use. In contrast, correlation-based localization not only works well to prevent ensemble collapse, and also renders good history matching results.
Perforate, Wash and Cement PWC Verification Process and an Industry Standard for Barrier Acceptance Criteria
Authors: Delabroy Laurent , Rodrigues David , Norum Espen , Straume Martin , Halvorsen Knut H. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
When permanently abandoning a well, each seal above a Distinct Permeable Zone (DPZ) needs to be restored with a cross-sectional barrier that will withstand the test of time. The Perforate, Wash and Cement (PWC) technology was developed as an alternative to section milling in situations where the wellbore barrier needs to be placed across a section of uncemented casing. Section milling is time consuming and results in exposing the BOP to swarf. The PWC method, on the other hand, is a more time-efficient process that consists of perforating the casing, washing the annulus behind it, and placing cement across the whole cross-section of the wellbore in a single run. However, some of the efficiency gain of the PWC method over section milling is lost when it comes to the barrier verification process. For section milled plugs, the verification process is usually the same as the one used for conventional wellbore cement plugs, since all the casing has been removed across the section milled window: the plug needs to be tagged/weight tested and pressure tested (except for section milled plugs where the top of the plug is left in open hole). On the other hand, as over 90% of the casing remains when installing a cross sectional barrier with PWC, the verification process typically involves two steps: 1) verify the annular component of the barrier, and 2) verify its internal one. In order to verify the annular part of the barrier, the internal barrier (cement plug) needs to be drilled out, and the annulus logged with a cement bond logging tool. A new internal cement plug then needs to be re-set and verified using the same verification method as for section milled plugs.
During the first phase of the Valhall DP Plug & Abandonment (P&A) campaign, the PWC technique was used repeatedly to create primary and secondary barriers in the 9 5/8″ casing and 9 5/8″ casing × 12 1/4″ hole annulus, each time using the same design and execution parameters. After building a successful track record of PWC jobs in 9 5/8″ casing, a process was initiated to develop a non-destructive and more efficient alternative verification process, specific to PWC operations that would not require to systematically having to drill out the wellbore cement to log the annular barrier. The intention was to base this alternative verification method on a consistent track record, a strict design and operational parameter set (Qualification Matrix), and to include this alternative verification method in a proposed NORSOK Element Acceptance Criteria (EAC) Table specific to barriers installed using the PWC technique. This PWC EAC Table is intended to be used as a best practice for designing, executing and verifying PWC jobs, and is recommended for implementation into the next revision of the NORSOK D-010 Guideline.
Ditch Magnet Removal of Steel Particles
Authors: Pattarini Giorgio , Strømø Kjartan Moe , Saasen Arild , Amundsen Per Amund , Pallin Jan Egil , Hodne Helge 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Drilling fluids contain magnetic contaminations that negatively affect Measurement While Drilling directional tools and causes damage to the equipment in contact with the fluid. The effect is relevant while drilling long deviated wells. Ditch magnets are routinely installed in the fluid system to remove magnetic particles while drilling, with the purpose of protecting the Shale Shaker screens from large metallic debris, serve as monitoring tool to detect troubles in the drilling operations and clean the fluid from magnetic particles.
In this paper we describe field data for the operation and efficiency of the ditch magnets. An extensive set of samples of drilling fluid and of ditch magnets debris have been taken during offshore operations and have been brought onshore for detailed investigations. The material extracted has been assessed as constituted mainly by steel swarfs and steel fines.
The magnetic materials still present in the used drilling fluid have been extracted and quantified by a novel method that provide higher extraction rates and better accuracy than the methods currently employed in the industry, allowing to assess the actual content of magnetic contaminant. The magnetic susceptibility of the fluid has been measured and compared with values predicted for a known concentration of magnetic contaminants, allowing for the evaluation of the bias induced by them on the magnetometers of the MWD tools employed.
The capability of ditch magnets to remove the magnetic contaminants from fluid is quantified and compared with other available methods, like gravity separation, with special focus on the removal of magnetic particles in the range of few microns. Operational details and current issues in the deployment of ditch magnets are reviewed, and the most viable directions for improvement are briefly discussed.
Using Dual Desander and Stackable Filter Unit for Cleanout after Concentric Coiled Tubing Operation
Authors: Arefjord Anders , Malinauskaite Giedre 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
A well was completed in April 2014 and put online a day after completion. However, it was shut-in shortly after due to a production trip. Massive sand production (2 000 pounds per thousand barrels) was observed during the restart of the well. Sand free production could not be achieved by performing multiple choke reductions. The sand shut-off intervention failed and distributed acoustic sensing indicated multiple sand entry points along the wellbore.
A concentric coiled tubing (CCT) sand vacuuming operation was planned to be performed in order to clean out the well and reinstate production. A previously used conventional sand cyclone, and flowback system for CCT cleanout operations, needed to be replaced. This large unit had low separation efficiency resulting in excessive amounts of solids being transported to the process facilities. For a higher separation efficiency, this original unit was replaced by a compact (200cm x 200cm footprint) patented dual vessel desander, a passive design with no internal motor, and a stackable filter unit.
The system was first put into operation during a CCT sand vacuuming intervention to reinstate the production from the well. The use of the system resulted in major cost savings due to the introduction of a less complex surface solids removal system, and majorly reduced footprint, giving a reduced rig up/rig down time and improved HSE. In addition, the system resulted in increased operational efficiency due to the 100% removal of solids from the flow stream.
This paper describes a CCT sand cleanout operation where a dual vessel non-motorized desander, with a stackable filter unit, was used and discusses a case study presenting operational considerations, system description and results of the operation.
New Tubular Design Ellipse With Backup Pressure
Authors: Goodman Malcolm A. , Kalil Issa A. , McSpadden Albert R. , Coker Oliver D. 
Published: March 2017

Summary
This paper develops a new von Mises ellipse based on backup pressure (internal pressure for collapse and external pressure for burst), so the new API collapse equations with dependence on internal pressure can be shown simultaneously on the same plot with the ellipse. Unlike the current ellipse used for casing and tubing design which is approximate, the new ellipse is exact for collapse, burst, and axial loads. Without the new ellipse, the approximate ellipse will continue to be used, and the new API collapse equations must be plotted separately. Example cases demonstrate the advantages of the new ellipse, including increased accuracy. Results help clarify many questions about the new API collapse equations, namely where they come from and how to use them.
CAFETICULTURA INDÍGENA EN YAJALÓN: UN ESCENARIO AL MARGEN DEL COMERCIO JUSTO
Authors: Aguilar Pinto Emma , González Alma Amalia 
Published: March 2017

Actualmente existen aproximadamente 224 organizaciones campesinas en México que exportan directamente su café con sellos de certificación solidaria y de agricultura orgánica.
Más allá de las ventajas que este proceso social ha traído a sus agremiados, poco se han abordado aquellas organizaciones que están fuera de estos dispositivos de comercialización. ¿Cuáles son las situaciones que enfrentan?, ¿cómo sus procesos organizativos internos y su relación con los agentes de desarrollo local? Nuestras preguntas se concretan en el área de influencia de la ciudad de Yajalón. Partimos del análisis de uno de los Despachos de Consultoría Técnica, DCT, con mayor antigüedad en la región y con mayor número de productores atendidos. Explicamos cómo surgieron y se desenvuelven las organizaciones que permanecen ajenas al comercio justo, CJ, con el fin de explicar el surgimiento de nuevas formas de intermediación y de organización rural en laé poca actual.
ABSTRACT
Approximately 224 campesino farming organizations currently exist in Mexico that directly export their coffee, sporting certification seals of solidarity-based and organic agricultural practices.
Beyond the advantages this social process has brought to its affiliates, little attention has been directed toward those organizations that are outside of these commercialization tools. What situations do they face? What are their internal organizational processes, and their relations with local development agents? Our questions focus on the area of influence of the city of Yajalón. We begin based on analysis of one of the region’s oldest Technical Consulting Offices (DCT for its initials in Spanish) which attends to one of the highest numbers of coffee growers. We explain how the organizations that remain outside of Fair Trade (FT) emerged and how they develop, as a way of explaining the emergence of new forms of intermediation and rural organization in the current era.
VEJEZ EN EDAD EXTREMA. UN ESTUDIO DE ETNOGERONTOLOGÍA SOCIAL
Authors: Reyes Gómez Laureano , Villasana Benítez Susana 
Published: March 2017

El trabajo busca ejemplificar, a través de seis estudios de caso, cómo viven la vejez los adultos mayores indígenas zoques cuando, producto de la edad avanzada, la enfermedad se convierte en insidiosa, multifactorial, su salud se diezma y está más en riesgo; se sustenta en la experiencia de personas en edad extrema, es decir, que han superado la barrera etaria de 84 años, dando cuenta de las redes sociales y soportes tanto afectivos como solidarios y de política pública que presentan.

ABSTRACT
This article seeks to exemplify, through six case studies, the ways in which elderly Zoque indigenous people experience old age when, as a result of advanced age, their illnesses become insidious and multi-factorial in nature, their health deteriorates and they are at higher risk. This article is based on the experiences of persons in extreme old age, or those who are at least 84 years old, and describes the social networks, emotional support and solidarity expressed, and public policy assistance.
CHOICE AND NON-COORDINATION BEHAVIOR IN A GLOBAL AND LOCAL INFORMATION SETTING: A COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH
Authors: Valdivia López Marcos 
Published: March 2017

This paper studies conformity effects on individual choice when both local and global information are present. A standard discrete choice model that incorporates the social interaction effect to assign choice probabilities to agents is studied. The model is analyzed by using computational simulations. Agents are dispersed in a two dimensional toroidal lattice and they can gather information either from their von Neumann neighbors or from the whole community of agents. Agent heterogeneity is introduced through diversity in private incentives among agents. The main results of the simulations show that the effects of global and local information can produce conflicting informational data streams in agents, making it likely that unstable and volatile aggregate choice emerges. Likewise, the results indicate that the interaction between global and local information affects the shape of the distribution of the size of informational cascades.

RESUMEN
Esta investigación analiza los efectos de conformidad en las decisiones de los individuos en un contexto en donde los agentes económicos acceden a información global y local. Un modelo de decisión discreta que incorpora el efecto de interacción social es analizado por medio de simulaciones computacionales. Los agentes bajo estudio están dispersos en una cuadrícula de dos dimensiones en donde recolectan información ya sea a partir de sus vecinos von Neumann o de la comunidad entera de agentes. La heterogeneidad es introducida a partir de la diversidad en los incentivos privados de los agentes. Los principales resultados de las simulaciones indican que los efectos de la información global y local pueden producir flujos informativos conflictivos para la toma de decisiones, de tal forma que el comportamiento agregado de decisión de los agentes emerge como volátil e inestable. Asimismo, los resultados indican que la interacción entre información global y local afecta la forma de la distribución del tamaño de las cascadas informativas.
DE LA UNIDAD DOMÉSTICA A LA ORGANIZACIÓN FAMILIAR PARA LA PRODUCCIÓN. EL CASO DE LAS ENGORDAS DE GANADO EN EL BAJÍO GUANAJUATENSE
Authors: Chávez Torres Martha 
Published: March 2017

A partir del dato etnográfico, en este trabajo se mostrará cómo la categoría de unidad doméstica es insuficiente para comprender la organización y funcionamiento de un tipo de unidad productiva rural —basada en las engordas de ganado— de un rincón del Bajío, que toma en cuenta alianzas familiares entre miembros unidos por lazos de parentesco de primer grado. Su organización y funcionamiento está en manos de los hombres que las administran, muchas veces guiados por el padre; las mujeres mantienen una participación muy marginal. Estas unidades nacen y se desarrollan a partir de los años ochenta del siglo pasado, impulsadas principalmente por los migrantes que residen en Estados Unidos. La lógica que las origina y sostiene es diferente entre el familiar que las administra y sus propietarios ausentes, dándose un interjuego entre lo económico y lo emocional.
LA TEORÍA GENERAL DEL DERECHO FRENTE A LA ANTROPOLOGÍA POLÍTICA
Authors: Correas Óscar 
Published: March 2017

Este artículo tiende a mostrar que no es la Teoría General del Derecho, TGD, el obstáculo para el reconocimiento del pluralismo jurídico, sino más bien las necesidades de hegemonía del propio Estado moderno. La TGD contemporánea ofrece conceptos teóricos que permiten pensar el pluralismo jurídico, entendido aquí como el fenómeno de coexistencia de dos o más sistemas jurídicos que reclaman eficacia en un mismo territorio. También la dificultad para reconocer al sistema normativo indígena como «derecho» proviene de ideologías, como la de «soberanía», que no tienen plausibilidad teórica y que deben ser dejadas de lado por la ciencia social contemporánea. La eficacia del sistema jurídico dominante proviene, entre otras cosas, precisamente de la ideología en que son educados los juristas. Si las normas válidas son las que tienen efectividad y pertenecen a un sistema eficaz, como quiere TGD, entonces como las normas del derecho indígena son las eficaces, son también las válidas. Sin embargo esta validez es desconocida por los funcionarios del sistema hegemónico, que no han sido educados para pensar en la posibilidad del pluralismo jurídico.

SUMMARY
The article tends to demonstrate that GTL is not the obstacle for recognition of juridical pluralism, but rather the hegemonic needs of the modern State itself. Contemporary General Theory of Law (GTL) offers theoretical concepts that may be used by coexistence of two or more juridical systems that demand efficacy in a same territory. Also the difficulty to recognize the indigenous normative system as law stems from ideologies, such as that of sovereignty, that have no theoretical plausibility and should be left aside by contemporary social science. The effectiveness of the dominant juridical system originates out of, among other things, precisely the ideology in which lawyers are educated. If the valid norms are those with effectiveness and that pertain to an effective system, as GTL poses, then, given that the indigenous law norms are those that are effective, they are also those that are valid. However, this validity is ignored by the functionaries of the hegemonic system, who have not been educated to ponder the possibility of juridical plurality.
BALANCES Y PERSPECTIVAS DEL PERITAJE ANTROPOLÓGICO: RECONOCER O BORRAR LA DIFERENCIA CULTURAL
Authors: Fabre Zarandona Artemia 
Published: March 2017

Reflexionar y discutir en general sobre los actuales cambios constitucionales en términos de los usos de los instrumentos jurídicos legales, por parte no solo de los operadores de justicia sino también de los mismos individuos y colectivos indígenas, se vuelve una tarea fundamental en nuestro quehacer. En específico para el caso que nos ocupa de los peritajes antropológicos es necesario observar los avances y retrocesos en materia de los derechos indígenas, y fundamentalmente conocer cambios en la cultura político-jurídica que estas modificaciones constitucionales hayan generado o no, en especial en los operadores de justicia, teniendo en cuenta si este instrumento es o no pertinente en la procuración e impartición de justicia. De igual forma, es pertinente preguntarnos si podemos hablar del peritaje como un instrumento que incluye la diversidad cultural en los aparatos de justicia y, por ende, que dé una respuesta edificante para los individuos y grupos con culturas diferentes en México.

SUMMARYReflecting on and generally discussing current constitutional changes in terms of uses of legal juridical instruments on the part not only of the operators of justice but also of indigenous individuals and collectives themselves has become a fundamental task within our daily work. Specifically for the case at hand regarding anthropological investigations, it is necessary not only to observe the progress made and the setbacks encountered in indigenous rights matters, but fundamentally to identify changes in the political-juridical culture that these constitutional modifications have or have not generated, especially in the operators of justice, and whether or not this instrument is pertinent in the procurement and enforcement of justice. In the same way, it is pertinent to ask ourselves whether we can talk of expert investigation as an instrument that includes cultural diversity in the justice apparatus and therefore that provides an edifying response for individuals and groups from different cultures in Mexico.