bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Invasion lags: The stories we tell ourselves and our inability to infer process from pattern
Authors: Coutts Shaun R. , Helmstedt Kate J. , Bennett Joseph R. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAimMany alien species experience a lag phase between arriving in a region and becoming invasive, which can provide a valuable window of opportunity for management. Our ability to predict which species are experiencing lags has major implications for management decisions that are worth billions of dollars and that may determine the survival of some native species. To date, timing and causes of lag and release have been identified post hoc, based on historical narratives.LocationGlobal.MethodsWe use a simple but realistic simulation of population spread over a fragmented landscape. To break the invasion lag, we introduce a sudden, discrete change in dispersal.ResultsWe show that the ability to predict invasion lags is minimal even under controlled circumstances. We also show a non‐negligible risk of falsely attributing lag breaks to mechanisms based on invasion trajectories and coincidences in timing.Main conclusionsWe suggest that post hoc narratives may lead us to erroneously believe we can predict lags and that a precautionary approach is the only sound management practice for most alien species.
Police Violence and the Underreporting of Crime
Authors: Gingerich Daniel W. , Oliveros Virginia 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between police violence and the reporting of crime. Utilizing original data from a large‐scale household survey conducted in Costa Rica from October 2013 to April 2014 (n = 4,200), we find that the observation of police violence significantly reduces citizens’ willingness to report crime. The implications of this finding are explored using a game‐theoretic model of crime, crime reporting, and police misconduct. The model reveals that although the prospect of police violence against criminals may generate a degree of deterrence for criminal behavior, permissiveness toward police violence also raises expectations about the likelihood of police abuse against law‐abiding citizens. Consistent with our empirics, this reduces citizens’ propensity to report crime, thereby fostering a climate of impunity for criminal activity.
Intersecting disadvantage: Unpacking poor outcomes within early intervention in psychosis services
Authors: Jones Nev , Godzikovskaya Julia , Zhao Zhen , Vasquez Anthony , Gilbert Al , Davidson Larry 
Published: October 2017

AimIn order to strengthen specialized early intervention in psychosis (EIP) services, a contextually nuanced understanding of psychosocial forces driving suboptimal treatment response is critical. This study sought to examine factors driving poor outcomes through a systematic emic coding of psychosocial assessments for discharged EIP clients categorized as leaving with all treatment goals met (AG) or no treatment goals met (NG).MethodsPsychosocial assessments at baseline, 1 year, 2 years and discharge were extracted from an EIP research registry and systematically coded. One hundred and thirty clients met the study's inclusion criteria (72 NG, 58 AG) from a larger pool of 278. Assessments were coded, quantized and analysed using a combination of basic inferential statistics and thematic analysis.ResultsStructural adversity, individual trauma, history of aggression/violence, limited insight and long treatment histories prior to EIP, were strong and significant predictors of poor client outcomes (NG), while motivation for treatment, college goals or preparedness at baseline, baseline engagement in constructive activities, social strengths, individual strengths, talents and family support strongly predicted better outcomes (AG). Race/ethnicity also significantly predicted outcome group. Analyses underscore the powerful impact of multiple converging forms of structural disadvantage, on the one hand, and individual, family and social strengths and supports on the other, in shaping clients’ response to EIP treatment.ConclusionsFindings emphasize the importance of greater empirical attention to background structural and socio‐economic conditions among early psychosis clients and their multifaceted impacts and underscore the potential value of programmatic components explicitly designed to support clients from multiply disadvantaged backgrounds.
Recurrent adnexal lymphoma in a horse
Authors: Martabano B. B. , Brooks D. E. , Whitley R. D. , Proietto L. R. , Conway J. A. , Zoll W. M. , Plummer C. E. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryLymphoma is a relatively uncommon neoplasm in the horse; however, it is considered the most common neoplasia of the equine haemolymphatic system. Limited reports of adnexal lymphoma have been documented in the literature, with no known reports of recurrence nearly a decade after mass excision. The objective is to describe a case of recurrent adnexal lymphoma in a 20‐year‐old Quarter Horse gelding presented to the Ophthalmology service at the University of Florida Veterinary Hospital (UFVH) for evaluation of a solitary subconjunctival mass of the right eye (OD). A focal, pink, fleshy mass associated with the dorsomedial bulbar conjunctiva was noted. An excisional biopsy was performed. Histopathology revealed lymphoma with clean margins. The client declined staging and further therapy at the initial visit. Approximately 8 years later, the horse began to exhibit intermittent mild to moderate diffuse swelling of the conjunctiva OD. Six months after onset, the swelling worsened acutely and was accompanied by severe swelling of the left conjunctiva (OS). The horse then returned to UFVH and was diagnosed with diffuse, bilateral conjunctival lymphoma. Humane euthanasia was elected. T cell lymphoma was confirmed with immunohistochemistry performed post‐mortem. At necropsy, neoplastic tissue was observed throughout the adnexal and ocular tissues of both eyes and in the submandibular lymph nodes. Adnexal lymphoma is an uncommon neoplasm in the horse. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first documentation of a nodular adnexal lymphoma that involved an 8‐year period without recurrence followed by development of diffuse, bilateral disease. Typically, surgical excision of the nodular form of lymphoma involving the extraocular tissues yields an improved prognosis compared with the diffuse form of the disease. Further investigation is necessary to determine if nodular forms of adnexal lymphoma represent early stages of diffuse extraocular or systemic disease.
The influence of partial surface shot peening on fatigue crack growth behaviour of a high‐strength ferritic steel
Authors: Al‐Turaihi A. , Mehmanparast A. , Brennan F. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe effects of partial surface shot peening on the fatigue crack growth behaviour of a ferritic steel have been experimentally investigated in this paper. Dog‐bone specimens fabricated from Optim700QL were tested under tension‐tension fatigue loads. Three distinct extents of partial shot peening, with respect to the crack tip and specimen symmetry line, were tested. The fatigue crack growth results from these experiments have been compared with those obtained from the same specimen geometry but with no peening. The results show that the residual stress fields formed ahead of the initial notch tip due to the partial peening process play a significant role in the fatigue crack growth behaviour of the material and effectively result in accelerated crack propagation at the midwidth of the specimens. It has been shown in this study that partial peening can lead to a fatigue crack growth rate around twice as fast as that of the unpeened specimen.
Rethinking fatigue crack growth: Crack growth at constant R and strain energy
Authors: Walker K. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis paper is the first of a series attempting to apply my 57‐year experience with durability and damage tolerance of aerospace structures to answer the question; why, after 50 plus years, have we not reached agreement on the validity of current crack growth assumptions.To address this question, new concepts are introduced and interpreted in terms of strain energy.The tentative answer to the question is that when interpreted in terms these new concepts and strain energy, there are serious conceptual errors in the da/dn diagrams that make the data base very difficult to properly interpret.The materials presented raise new questions and provide possible answers to old ones.
Cyanobacterial formation of intracellular Ca‐carbonates in undersaturated solutions
Authors: Cam N. , Benzerara K. , Georgelin T. , Jaber M. , Lambert J.‐F. , Poinsot M. , Skouri‐Panet F. , Moreira D. , López‐García P. , Raimbault E. , Cordier L. , Jézéquel D. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCyanobacteria have long been thought to induce the formation of Ca‐carbonates as secondary by‐products of their metabolic activity, by shifting the chemical composition of their extracellular environment to conditions favoring mineral precipitation. Some cyanobacterial species forming Ca‐carbonates intracellularly were recently discovered. However, the environmental conditions under which this intracellular biomineralization process can occur and the impact of cyanobacterial species forming Ca‐carbonates intracellularly on extracellular carbonatogenesis are not known. Here, we show that these cyanobacteria can form Ca‐carbonates intracellularly while growing in extracellular solutions undersaturated with respect to all Ca‐carbonate phases, that is, conditions thermodynamically unfavorable to mineral precipitation. This shows that intracellular Ca‐carbonate biomineralization is an active process; that is, it costs energy provided by the cells. The cost of energy may be due to the active accumulation of Ca intracellularly. Moreover, unlike cyanobacterial strains that have been usually considered before by studies on Ca‐carbonate biomineralization, cyanobacteria forming intracellular carbonates may slow down or hamper extracellular carbonatogenesis, by decreasing the saturation index of their extracellular solution following the buffering of the concentration of extracellular calcium to low levels.
Insulin‐like growth factor II messenger RNA‐binding protein‐3 is an independent prognostic factor in uterine leiomyosarcoma
Authors: Yasutake Nobuko , Ohishi Yoshihiro , Taguchi Kenichi , Hiraki Yuka , Oya Masafumi , Oshiro Yumi , Mine Mari , Iwasaki Takeshi , Yamamoto Hidetaka , Kohashi Kenichi , Sonoda Kenzo , Kato Kiyoko , Oda Yoshinao 
Published: October 2017

AimsThe aim of this study was to identify the prognostic factors of uterine leiomyosarcoma (ULMS).Methods and resultsWe reviewed 60 cases of surgically resected ULMSs and investigated conventional clinicopathological factors, together with the expression of insulin‐like growth factor II messenger RNA‐binding protein‐3 (IMP3), hormone receptors and cell cycle regulatory markers by immunohistochemistry. Mediator complex subunit 12 (MED12) mutation analysis was also performed. Univariate analyses revealed that advanced stage (P < 0.0001), older age (P = 0.0244) and IMP3 expression (P = 0.0011) were significant predictors of a poor outcome. Multivariate analysis revealed advanced stage (P < 0.0001) and IMP3 (P = 0.0373) as independent predictors of a poor prognosis. Expressions of cell cycle markers and hormone receptors, and MED12 mutations (12% in ULMSs) were not identified as prognostic markers in this study.ConclusionsIMP3 expression in ULMS could be a marker of a poor prognosis.
The relationship between entanglement concentration and physicochemical properties of potato and sweet potato starch dispersions
Authors: Guo Li , Cui Bo 
Published: October 2017

SummaryEntanglement concentration (ce) is defined as the onset of overlap and interpenetration of random‐coil chains in a polymer solution and is important in determining rheological, dynamic and fracture properties. However, few studies have reported in detail how ce influences physicochemical properties of starch dispersions. So, the effects of ce on the physicochemical properties of the potato and sweet potato starch dilute and semi‐dilute dispersions were investigated. The results showed that for the two starch dispersions with concentrations ≥ce, the gelatinisation temperature increased more significantly with increasing concentrations, and storage modulus increased faster than loss modulus with increasing frequency. The potato starch dispersion with concentrations ≥ce possessed higher entanglement density of the chain segments. The two starch dispersions with concentrations >ce exhibited shear thinning with increasing frequency. The two starches could only form film at concentrations ≥ce. So, ce will be a suitable concentration for regulating the concentration of starch dispersions to obtain the expected physicochemical properties.
A challenging case of calcific myonecrosis of tibialis anterior and hallucis longus muscles with a chronic discharging wound
Authors: Tan Alethea MY , Loh Charles Yuen Yung , Nizamoglu Metin , Tare Makarand 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTThe occurrence of calcific myonecrosis of the anterior compartment of the leg is rare. Common risk factors include a history of trauma, although little is known about the exact pathophysiology, latency period or triggering factors resulting in disease progression. Macroscopically, it begins with a single muscle being replaced by a fusiform calcified mass, which progresses peripherally.We present a rare case of a 7‐year history of chronic discharging sinus overlying the site with protruding calcified muscle and discuss the senior author's wound management strategy and surgical considerations.The initial approach used dressing applications to reduce wound exudate while obtaining repeated imaging for disease progression comparison. Repeated CT scans showed significant disease progression from a single solitary amorphous soft tissue calcification to disseminated scattered calcified myonecrosis. In planning such surgeries, extensive debridement and temporary wound coverage is the first stage. Subsequent definitive coverage includes skin grafting of the remaining defect.
A novel model of humanised keloid scarring in mice
Authors: Shang Tao , Yao Bin , Gao Dongyun , Xie Jiangfan , Fu Xiaobing , Huang Sha 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTreatments for keloid scarring are a major challenge to scientists and physicians for their unknown aetiology. Although several models, including monolayer cell culture to tissue‐engineered models, were developed, further research on keloid has more or less been hindered by the lack of appropriate animal models. Because these aberrant scars are specific to humans, we obtained human normal and keloid skin tissues and isolated dermal fibroblasts from them. Cell morphology, growth and immunohistochemical staining of myofibroblastmarker α‐SMA were examined, and the cell medium of 2‐hour culture and 24‐hour culture was implanted on the back of nude mice. The cell medium of 2‐hour culture and 24‐hour culture was also analysed by a protein array for the detection of distinction in inflammatory factors. We showed that keloid fibroblasts had similar morphology and growth compared to normal skin fibroblasts, but the α‐SMA expression was obviously up‐regulated. After 6 weeks, mice of the 2‐hour keloid‐derived culture medium group exhibited keloid‐like hypertrophic nodules macroscopically, while mice of 24‐hour keloid‐derived culture medium group were similar to normal skin. Histological findings confirmed that the reconstituted skin tissues had the typical features of human keloids. The protein array data revealed that RANTES were involved in humanised fibrotic occurrence in mice, also suggesting they were important modulators of this inflammatory event. This novel model might help to understand the key events that result in the formation of these abnormal scars and provide new therapeutic options.
Gα12 regulates osteoclastogenesis by modulating NFATc1 expression
Authors: Song Min‐Kyoung , Park Cheolkyu , Lee Yong Deok , Kim Haemin , Kim Min Kyung , Kwon Jun‐Oh , Koo Ja Hyun , Joo Min Sung , Kim Sang Geon , Kim Hong‐Hee 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe G12 family of G protein alpha subunits has been shown to participate in the regulation of various physiological processes. However, the role of Gα12 in bone physiology has not been well described. Here, by micro‐CT analysis, we discovered that Gα12‐knockout mice have an osteopetrotic phenotype. Histological examination showed lower osteoclast number in femoral tissue of Gα12‐knockout mice compared to wild‐type mice. Additionally, in vitro osteoclastic differentiation of precursor cells with receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL) showed that Gα12 deficiency decreased the number of osteoclast generated and the bone resorption activity. The induction of nuclear factor of activated T‐cell c1 (NFATc1), the key transcription factor of osteoclastogenesis, and the activation of RhoA by RANKL was also significantly suppressed by Gα12 deficiency. We further found that the RANKL induction of NFATc1 was not dependent on RhoA signalling, while osteoclast precursor migration and bone resorption required RhoA in the Gα12‐mediated regulation of osteoclasts. Therefore, Gα12 plays a role in differentiation through NFATc1 and in cell migration and resorption activity through RhoA during osteoclastogenesis.
Factors associated with pain and analgesic consumption following non‐surgical periodontal therapy under local anaesthesia and carried out by dental students
Authors: Schirmer Caroline , dos Santos Gabriela Otero , Rost Júlia Franciele , Ferreira Maria Beatriz Cardoso , Weidlich Patrícia 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAimEvaluate factors associated with pain and analgesic consumption following non‐surgical periodontal therapy.Materials and methodsThe sample consisted of 218 patients with chronic periodontitis, submitted to non‐surgical scaling and root planing under local anaesthesia at a public dental service in southern Brazil. The data collection instruments included a demographic questionnaire, as well as State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory, Corahʼs Dental Anxiety Scale, Visual Analogue Scale, Numerical Rating Scale and Verbal Rating Scale. The presence and intensity of pain were evaluated at 2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hr after scaling and root planing.ResultsA total of 52.3% of the patients reported mild intensity pain at some point during the 48 hr after scaling and root planing with local anaesthesia. Smoking (PR = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.16–1.65), severe periodontal inflammation (PR = 1.31; 95% CI = 1.09–1.58) and dental anxiety (PR = 1.24; 95% CI = 1.03–1.49) were associated with postoperative pain after adjusting for age, gender and state and trait anxiety scores. Moreover, 46.8% of the subjects used analgesics at some time during the 48‐hr follow‐up period and dental anxiety was the only factor associated with postoperative analgesic use.ConclusionsSmoking, severe periodontal inflammation and dental anxiety were identified as factors associated with pain after non‐surgical scaling and root planing with local anaesthesia. Dental anxiety was also a factor associated with postoperative analgesic use.
What does physicians' clinical expertise contribute to oncologic decision‐making? A qualitative interview study
Authors: Salloch Sabine , Otte Ina , Reinacher‐Schick Anke , Vollmann Jochen 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundPhysicians' clinical expertise forms an exclusive body of competences, which helps them to find the appropriate diagnostics and treatment for each individual patient. Empirical evidence, however, suggests that there is an inverse relationship between the number of years in practice and the quality of care provided by a physician. Knowledge and adherence to professional standards (such as clinical guidelines) are often used as indicators in previous research.MethodsSemistructured interviews and the Q method were used for an explorative study on oncologists' views on the interplay between their own clinical expertise, intuition, and the external evidence incorporated in clinical guidelines. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed ad verbatim, and analysed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsData analysis shows the complex character of clinical expertise with respect to experience, professional development, and intuition. An irreplaceable role is attributed to personal and bodily experience during the providing of care for a patient. Professional experience becomes important, particularly in those situations that lie out of the focus of “guideline medicine.” Intuition is regarded as having a strong emotional component and helps for deciding which therapeutic option the patient can deal with.ConclusionsUsing measurable knowledge and adherence to standards as indicators does not account for the complexity of clinical expertise. Other factors, such as the importance of bodily experience and physicians' intuitive knowledge, must be considered, also with respect to the occurrence of treatment biases.
Astrocytes with previous chronic exposure to amyloid β‐peptide fragment 1–40 suppress excitatory synaptic transmission
Authors: Kawano Hiroyuki , Oyabu Kohei , Yamamoto Hideaki , Eto Kei , Adaniya Yuna , Kubota Kaori , Watanabe Takuya , Hirano‐Iwata Ayumi , Nabekura Junichi , Katsurabayashi Shutaro , Iwasaki Katsunori 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSynaptic dysfunction and neuronal death are responsible for cognitive and behavioral deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is well known that such neurological abnormalities are preceded by long‐term exposure of amyloid β‐peptide (Aβ) and/or hyperphosphorylated tau prior. In addition to the neurological deficit, astrocytes as a major glial cell type in the brain, significantly participate in the neuropathogenic mechanisms underlying synaptic modulation. Although astrocytes play a significant key role in modulating synaptic transmission, little is known on whether astrocyte dysfunction caused by such long‐term Aβ exposure affects synapse formation and function. Here, we show that synapse formation and synaptic transmission are attenuated in hippocampal‐naïve neurons co‐cultured with astrocytes that have previously experienced chronic Aβ1‐40 exposure. In this abnormal astrocytic condition, hippocampal neurons exhibit decrements of evoked excitatory post‐synaptic currents (EPSCs) and miniature EPSC frequency. Furthermore, size of readily releasable synaptic pools and number of excitatory synapses were also significantly decreased. Contrary to these negative effects, release probability at individual synapses was significantly increased in the same astrocytic condition. Taken together, our data indicate that lower synaptic transmission caused by astrocytes previously, and chronically, exposed to Aβ1–40 is attributable to a small number of synapses with higher release probability.
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