bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship of Tumor Thickness with Neck Node Metastasis in Buccal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Experience at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Ahmed Sadaf , Junaid Montasir , Awan Sohail , Choudhary Moaz , Kazi Maliha , Masoom Aria , Khan Hareem 
Published: February 2017

Introduction Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the head and neck, with the buccal mucosa being the most common site involved. Early locoregional metastasis is a hallmark of this disease, and early stage tumors may harbor metastatic nodes that are occult. Certain parameters can help identify high-risk patients for whom the pattern of occult nodal metastasis can be predicted. Tumor thickness is one such objective parameter.
Objective To determine the relationship of tumor thickness with neck node metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa.
Methods A retrospective chart review of 102 patients with biopsy-proven squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa with N0 Necks was performed. All patients underwent tumor resection with neck dissection, and the tumor thickness was measured. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.
Results A total of 102 patients, of which 73.53% were males and 26.47% were females. The mean age of the patients was 49.3 ± 11.1 years. It was found that the risk of neck node metastasis in buccal squamous cell carcinoma increases 35.5 times for a tumor thickness ≥ 2 mm, and the risk of neck node metastasis in buccal squamous cell carcinoma decreases by 0.58 times for each centimeter decrease in tumor size, while the rate of occult neck lymph node metastasis was found to be 37%.
Conclusion We conclude that tumor thickness is significantly related with neck nodal metastasis in buccal squamous cell carcinoma, considering the age of the patient and the size of the tumor.
A Forefoot Strike Requires the Highest Forces Applied to the Foot Among Foot Strike Patterns
Authors: Hashizume Satoru , Yanagiya Toshio 
Published: February 2017

AbstractGround reaction force is often used to predict the potential risk of injuries but may not coincide with the forces applied to commonly injured regions of the foot. This study examined the forces applied to the foot, and the associated moment arms made by three foot strike patterns. 10 male runners ran barefoot along a runway at 3.3 m/s using forefoot, midfoot, and rearfoot strikes. The Achilles tendon and ground reaction force moment arms represented the shortest distance between the ankle joint axis and the line of action of each force. The Achilles tendon and joint reaction forces were calculated by solving equations of foot motion. The Achilles tendon and joint reaction forces were greatest for the forefoot strike (2 194 and 3 137 N), followed by the midfoot strike (1 929 and 2 853 N), and the rearfoot strike (1 526 and 2 394 N). The ground reaction force moment arm was greater for the forefoot strike than for the other foot strikes, and was greater for the midfoot strike than for the rearfoot strike. Meanwhile, there were no differences in the Achilles tendon moment arm among all foot strikes. These differences were attributed mainly to differences in the ground reaction force moment arm among the three foot strike patterns.
Soft power: the origins and political progress of a concept
Authors: Nye Joseph 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPower is the ability to affect others to get the outcomes one prefers, and that can be accomplished by coercion, payment, or attraction and persuasion. Soft power is the ability to obtain preferred outcomes by attraction rather than coercion or payment. This anecdotal comment recounts the origins of the concept as an analytical tool, and its gradual development as an instrumental concept used in political discourse in Europe, China and the United States. This article is published as part of a collection on soft power.
Effects of Common Carp on Trophic Dynamics of Sport Fishes in Shallow South Dakota Water Bodies
Authors: Letvin Alexander P. , Brown Michael L. , Bertrand Katie N. , Weber Michael J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe Common Carp Cyprinus carpio is one of the most common freshwater fish invaders worldwide, creating adverse effects on water quality and impacting ecosystem structure and function. To assess how Common Carp impact food web dynamics, we compared the trophic dynamics of Bluegills Lepomis macrochirus and Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides in three lakes containing Common Carp populations with the trophic dynamics in three lakes without Common Carp. All six lakes were located in eastern South Dakota. Stable isotope analysis was used to estimate trophic positions and indicate energy sources utilized by adult and age‐0 fish. Additionally, diets of age‐0 Bluegills were analyzed to assess whether Common Carp were inhibiting ontogenetic diet shifts, and bomb calorimetry was used to evaluate differences in energy density of age‐0 fish prior to winter. Age‐0 fish and adult Bluegills derived significantly more energy from pelagic sources in the systems populated with Common Carp. Adult Bluegills in Common Carp systems remained at a relatively constant trophic position across their entire size range, whereas in non–Common Carp systems, the trophic positions of adult Bluegills tended to increase with size. Even though age‐0 fish relied more heavily on pelagic‐derived energy in the systems with Common Carp, significant differences were not observed in the autumn energy densities of age‐0 fish or in the age‐0 Bluegills’ diet. Given our results, Common Carp are unlikely to impact overwinter survival of age‐0 fish in these shallow systems. The present study illustrates the value of using stable isotopes for food web investigations and demonstrates that Common Carp do alter trophic dynamics of other fishes in the systems they invade, but responses differ depending upon the species and life stage.Received February 11, 2016; accepted November 28, 2016 Published online February 21, 2017
Feeding by Bluefish and Weakfish along Riprap‐Hardened Shorelines: Comparisons with Adjacent Sandy Beach in Delaware Bay, USA
Authors: Torre Michael P. , Targett Timothy E. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractShoreline hardening alters the morphology of the intertidal zone and has been shown to impact various measures of shore zone habitat quality. Diet composition and stomach fullness of two predatory fishes, the Bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix and Weakfish Cynoscion regalis, were compared between natural (beach) shorelines and adjacent hardened (riprap) shorelines at three sites in Delaware Bay during July and August 2013 to assess differences in shore zone habitat function. Young Bluefish were available from one site, and their diet consisted primarily of Bay Anchovy Anchoa mitchilli, Atlantic Silversides Menidia menidia, and the mysid shrimp Neomysis americana. Bluefish diet composition differed significantly between beach and riprap during July, with Atlantic Silversides predominating in beach samples and mysids dominating riprap samples. Bluefish also had significantly higher feeding activity (stomach fullness) along beach shorelines than along riprap during August. For young Weakfish, diets were dominated by mysid shrimp, Bay Anchovy, polychaetes, and larval horseshoe crabs Limulus polyphemus and were similar between beach and riprap shorelines at all three sites. The presence of riprap appears to affect foraging by Bluefish, perhaps through alterations in prey fields, capture efficiencies, or both. Results reported here for both species demonstrate the need for further research to assess the effects of shoreline hardening on foraging by dominant species along the U.S. mid‐Atlantic coast.Received November 16, 2016; accepted December 2, 2016 Published online February 21, 2017
Relationships between Chinook Salmon Swimming Performance and Water Quality in the San Joaquin River, California
Authors: Lehman Brendan , Huff David D. , Hayes Sean A. , Lindley Steven T. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThere is currently only a limited understanding of the relationship between water quality and predation on Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. smolts. We addressed the hypothesis that poor water quality will decrease a smolt's swimming performance and presumably its predator evasion capabilities. Predation is a major factor affecting salmon smolt survival throughout the San Joaquin River and the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta of California. Prior studies have quantified predation rates, but the effect of water quality on predator evasion capability has not previously been evaluated. We quantified the swimming performance of juvenile Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha in relation to water quality variables. The maximum swim speeds (Umax) of 45 hatchery‐reared smolts (7.1–9.9 cm FL) were measured in controlled (laboratory) and field environments by using a mobile swim tunnel respirometer; measurements were obtained before and after the fish received a 2‐d exposure to the lower San Joaquin River while being held in flow‐through cages. To sample across a diversity of environmental conditions, we conducted trials during a 6‐week period that coincided with the peak smolt out‐migration. Regression models were constructed to evaluate relationships between swimming performance and four water quality covariates (water temperature, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, and conductivity). We found negative relationships between Umax and both temperature and turbidity, and we described these relationships graphically. Our findings suggest that water quality management strategies with the potential to improve salmon smolt survival include managing temperatures and suspended sediment concentrations to optimize the swimming capacity of migrating smolts and possibly improve their ability to evade predators.Received July 12, 2016; accepted December 6, 2016 Published online February 21, 2017
Polyphenols from flowers of Magnolia coco and their anti-glycation effects
Authors: Kato Nana , Kawabe Satoko , Ganeko Natsuki , Yoshimura Morio , Amakura Yoshiaki , Ito Hideyuki 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We investigated the inhibitory effects of several plant extracts on advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) formation. Among tested samples, the flower extract of Magnolia coco showed significant inhibition of AGE formation. We isolated and characterized procyanidin oligomer and four other compounds from the flowers, and evaluated their inhibitory effects on AGE formation and the AGE-derived crosslink-cleaving activity of the isolated compounds.
Influence of AHRR Pro189Ala polymorphism on kidney functions
Authors: Nakayama Kazuhiro , Saito Shinichi , Watanabe Kazuhisa , Miyashita Hiroshi , Nishijima Fuyuhiko , Kamo Yoshie , Tada Koji , Ishizuka Satoshi , Niwa Toshimitsu , Iwamoto Sadahiko , Shimizu Hidehisa 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The function of aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR) in the kidney is unclear. The present study investigated associations between AHRR Pro189Ala polymorphism and estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR), serum creatinine, and hemoglobin levels in 2775 Japanese adults without diabetes. In addition, we examined whether AHRR expression levels in the kidney of control and chronic kidney disease (CKD) rats were changed. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that carriers of the Ala allele had increased eGFR and lower concentrations of serum creatinine and hemoglobin (p &lt; 0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the expression of AHRR was upregulated in the kidneys of rats with CKD. These findings suggest that AHRR plays distinct roles in kidney functions and hemoglobin values. The effects of the AHRR polymorphism might be intensified in the kidneys of patients with CKD.
A rapid method for analysis of fermentatively produced d-xylonate using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and evaporative light scattering detection
Authors: Almqvist Henrik , Sandahl Margareta , Lidén Gunnar 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) based method for the analysis of d-xylonate was developed using an amide column in combination with an evaporative light scattering (ELS) detector. Separation of d-xylonate from other components of the fermentation medium was achieved. The dynamic range of the method was 0.2–7.0 g/L.
Women's work–life preferences: reconceptualization and cross-country description over time
Authors: Schleutker Elina 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
According to Hakim's preference theory, women can be divided into three groups based on their work–family preferences: home-centered, adaptive and work-centered. Here it is argued that Hakim's conceptualization of the adaptive women is unsatisfactory, as it does not take into consideration how the adaptive women want to combine work and family. The paper offers a reconceptualization of the adaptive group. Based on when women want to return to employment after childbirth, and how many hours they would like to work, three types of adaptive women are distinguished: the home-oriented adaptive women, the truly adaptive women and the work-oriented adaptive women. To demonstrate the fruitfulness of the reconceptualization, a cross-sectional descriptive study of women's preferences over time is conducted by employing data from International Social Survey Programme.
Evaluation of Various Combinations of Alternative Protein Feedstuffs to Replace Soybean Meal in Diets for Pond-Raised Channel Catfish
Authors: Li Menghe H , Bosworth Brian G , Lucas Penelope M 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
A study was conducted in earthen ponds to evaluate the use of combinations of two or three alternative protein sources to replace soybean meal in diets for Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Six 28% protein diets containing various combinations of alternative protein feedstuffs—cottonseed meal, corn distillers dried grains with solubles, corn germ meal, peanut meal, and porcine meat and bone meal—were evaluated. Channel Catfish stockers (mean initial weight = 87 g/fish) were stocked into 30 earthen ponds (0.04 ha) at a density of 14,826 fish/ha with five ponds per dietary treatment. They were fed once a day to apparent satiation for a 183-d growing season. There were no significant differences in total diet fed, net yield, weight gain, survival, processing yield, and fillet proximate composition among dietary treatments. Results from the present study show that all soybean meal could be replaced by two or three moderate- and high-protein alternative feedstuffs without significantly affecting growth performance, processing yield, and fillet proximate composition of pond-raised Channel Catfish during food fish grow out.
DeepBlueR: large-scale epigenomic analysis in R
Authors: Albrecht Felipe , List Markus , Bock Christoph , Lengauer Thomas 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Motivation
While large amounts of epigenomic data are publicly available, their retrieval in a form suitable for downstream analysis is a bottleneck in current research. The DeepBlue Epigenomic Data Server provides a powerful interface and API for filtering, transforming, aggregating and downloading data from several epigenomic consortia.

Results
To make public epigenomic data conveniently available for analysis in R, we developed an R/Bioconductor package that connects to the DeepBlue Epigenomic Data Server, enabling users to quickly gather and transform epigenomic data from selected experiments for analysis in the Bioconductor ecosystem.

Availability and Implementation
http://deepblue.mpi-inf.mpg.de/R.

Requirements
R 3.3, Bioconductor 3.4.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
RefBool: a reference-based algorithm for discretizing gene expression data
Authors: Jung Sascha , Hartmann Andras , del Sol Antonio 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Motivation
The identification of genes or molecular regulatory mechanisms implicated in biological processes often requires the discretization, and in particular booleanization, of gene expression measurements. However, currently used methods mostly classify each measurement into an active or inactive state regardless of its statistical support possibly leading to downstream analysis conclusions based on spurious booleanization results.

Results
In order to overcome the lack of certainty inherent in current methodologies and to improve the process of discretization, we introduce RefBool, a reference-based algorithm for discretizing gene expression data. Instead of requiring each measurement to be classified as active or inactive, RefBool allows for the classification of a third state that can be interpreted as an intermediate expression of genes. Furthermore, each measurement is associated to a p- and q-value indicating the significance of each classification. Validation of RefBool on a neuroepithelial differentiation study and subsequent qualitative and quantitative comparison against 10 currently used methods supports its advantages and shows clear improvements of resulting clusterings.

Availability and Implementation
The software is available as MATLAB files in the Supplementary Information and as an online repository (https://github.com/saschajung/RefBool).

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Readmission After Craniotomy for Tumor: A National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Analysis
Authors: Dasenbrock Hormuzdiyar H. , Yan Sandra C. , Smith Timothy R. , Valdes Pablo A. , Gormley William B. , Claus Elizabeth B. , Dunn Ian F. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Although readmission has become a common quality indicator, few national studies have examined this metric in patients undergoing cranial surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To utilize the prospective National Surgical Quality Improvement Program 2011-2013 registry to evaluate the predictors of unplanned 30-d readmission and postdischarge mortality after cranial tumor resection.

METHODS: Multivariable logistic regression was applied to screen predictors, which included patient age, sex, tumor location and histology, American Society of Anesthesiologists class, functional status, comorbidities, and complications from the index hospitalization.

RESULTS: Of the 9565 patients included, 10.7% (n = 1026) had an unplanned readmission. Independent predictors of unplanned readmission were male sex, infratentorial location, American Society of Anesthesiologists class 3 designation, dependent functional status, a bleeding disorder, and morbid obesity (all P ≤ .03). Readmission was not associated with operative time, length of hospitalization, discharge disposition, or complications from the index admission. The most common reasons for readmission were surgical site infections (17.0%), infectious complications (11.0%), venous thromboembolism (10.0%), and seizures (9.4%). The 30-d mortality rate was 3.2% (n = 367), of which the majority (69.7%, n = 223) occurred postdischarge. Independent predictors of postdischarge mortality were greater age, metastatic histology, dependent functional status, hypertension, discharge to institutional care, and postdischarge neurological or cardiopulmonary complications (all P < .05).

CONCLUSION: Readmissions were common after cranial tumor resection and often attributable to new postdischarge complications rather than exacerbations of complications from the initial hospitalization. Moreover, the majority of 30-d deaths occurred after discharge from the index hospitalization. The preponderance of postdischarge mortality and complications requiring readmission highlights the importance of posthospitalization management.
National Rates, Causes, Risk Factors, and Outcomes Associated With 30-Day and 90-Day Readmissions Following Degenerative Posterior Cervical Spine Surgery Utilizing the Nationwide Readmissions Database
Authors: Rumalla Kavelin , Smith Kyle A , Arnold Paul M 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Hospital readmissions have profound financial and clinical impacts. Analyses of 30-day readmissions following spine surgery have been previously reported utilizing administrative databases. However, time periods outside the initial 30 days have not been well studied. Furthermore, these databases have limitations regarding coding and institutional crossover.

OBJECTIVE
The authors sought to analyze 30-day and 90-day readmission rates and risk factors using the Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD) in a retrospective cohort receiving elective, posterior cervical spine surgery for degenerative conditions.

METHODS
NRD is a new source containing approximately 50% of US hospitalizations, with patient-linkage numbers to longitudinally track patients. Patients 18 years of age or older were identified. Preoperative characteristics, demographics, and surgical characteristics were chosen for predictor variables. Thirty-day and 90-day readmission rates were calculated. Statistical analysis was completed using SPSS v.23 software via univariate and multivariate analyses.

RESULTS
Between January and September 2013, a total of 29 990 patients were identified. Readmission rates for 30- and 90-days were 5.4% and 10.0%, respectively. The most common reason for readmission during 30-day and 90-day periods was complications of surgical and/or medical care (31.0% vs 21.9%, respectively). The strongest risk factors for 30-day readmission included wound dehiscence, weekend admission at index hospitalization, coagulopathy, and incidental durotomy. The strongest risk factors for 90-day readmission included thromboembolic complications, postoperative hemorrhage, and comorbidities.

CONCLUSION
Identification of predictors of readmission is important to allow for changes in perioperative management to potentially reduce readmissions and improve outcomes. Additionally, knowledge about readmission risk factors allows for preoperative counseling.
Relationships Between Standing Frontal-Plane Knee Alignment and Dynamic Knee Joint Loading During Walking and Jogging in Youth Who Are Obese
Authors: Briggs Matthew S. , Bout-Tabaku Sharon , McNally Michael P. , Chaudhari Ajit M.W. , Best Thomas M. , Schmitt Laura C. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Background. Youth who are obese have high risk of poor knee health and cartilage damage. Understanding factors which may affect knee health in youth who are obese is critical for preservation of knee integrity and function.
Objective. This study compared standing frontal-plane knee alignment and knee loading patterns between youth who are obese and those of healthy weight and determine the association between knee alignment and knee loading patterns during walking and jogging.
Design. This study used a cross-sectional matched pair design.
Methods. Twenty youth who were obese and 20 youth who were healthy-weight (ages 11–18 years) were recruited. Three-dimensional motion analysis quantified standing frontal-plane knee alignment as well as frontal- and sagittal-plane knee moments during walking and jogging. Paired t-tests, multiple analysis of covariance, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were used for analysis.
Results. The youth who were obese demonstrated greater knee valgus in standing (P = 0.02), lower normalized peak external knee adduction moments during walking (P = 0.003), and greater normalized peak external knee extension moments during jogging (P = 0.003) compared with the youth who were healthy-weight. Standing knee alignment did not correlate with knee moments in the youth who were obese.
Limitations. Results are limited to small, homogeneous cohorts. The standing alignment methodology is not validated in this population and may limit interpretation of results.
Conclusion. Youth who are obese stand in more knee valgus and have altered knee loading patterns during walking and jogging compared with youth who are healthy-weight. Frontal-plane knee alignment does not correlate with frontal-plane knee loading patterns in youth who are obese. A better understanding of other mechanisms related to joint loading in youth who are obese is necessary to maintain long-term joint integrity in this population.