bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of continuous rotation or reciprocation of Optimum Torque Reverse motion on cyclic fatigue resistance of nickel‐titanium rotary instruments
Authors: Pedullà E. , Corsentino G. , Ambu E. , Rovai F. , Campedelli F. , Rapisarda S. , La Rosa G. R. , Rapisarda E. , Grandini S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimTo evaluate the resistance to cyclic fatigue of ProTaper Next (PTN; Dentsply Sirona, Ballaigues, Switzerland), Revo‐S (Micro‐Mega, Besançon, France), Mtwo (Sweden & Martina, Padova, Italy), Twisted Files (TF, SybronEndo, Orange, CA, USA) and EndoWave (J Morita Corporation, Osaka, Japan) used in continuous rotation or in reciprocation of Optimum Torque Reverse motion (OTR).MethodologyA total of 120 nickel‐titanium files were tested. Twenty‐four instruments for each brand were divided into two groups (n = 12) on the basis of the motion tested: continuous rotation (Group 1) or reciprocation of OTR motion (Group 2). Resistance to cyclic fatigue was determined by recording time to fracture (TtF) in a stainless steel artificial canal with a 60° angle of curvature and 5 mm radius of curvature. The TtF data were analysed by using two‐way analysis of variance (anova) and Bonferroni's post hoc tests at 0.05.ResultsMtwo and TF had significantly higher TtF when compared with all other instruments, both in continuous rotation and in reciprocation of OTR motion (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.05, respectively). No difference was observed between Mtwo and TF (P > 0.05), in both motions. PTN was associated with higher cyclic fatigue resistance than Revo‐S and EndoWave, both in continuous rotation and in reciprocation of OTR motions (P < 0.0001). No difference was observed between Revo‐S and EndoWave, in both motions (P > 0.05). Reciprocating OTR motion improved TtF of all instruments (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsReciprocation of OTR motion improved significantly cyclic fatigue resistance of all instruments tested compared with continuous rotation. Mtwo and TF had significantly higher cyclic fatigue than the other instruments, in both continuous rotation and reciprocation of OTR motion.
IRX3 is a genetic modifier for birth weight, adolescent obesity and transaminase metabolism
Authors: Liu C. , Chu C. , Zhang J. , Wu D. , Xu D. , Li P. , Chen Y. , Liu B. , Pei L. , Zhang L. , Liu S. , Qi T. , Lou X.‐Y. , Li L. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryObjectiveIRX3 expression has been functionally associated in obesity‐associated long‐distance susceptibility loci, but the effect of the IRX3 genetic variants on human obesity and obesity‐related metabolism remains uncertain.MethodsTo determine the genetic role of IRX3, we conducted a molecular epidemiological analysis using three haplotype tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs8053360, rs3751723 and rs12445085) and one nonsynonymous SNP (rs1126960) at the IRX3 locus in 333 junior and senior high school students from a northeast Chinese population.ResultsWe identified significant associations between IRX3 SNPs and birth weight, body mass index (BMI), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and AST/ALT ratio. The rs8053360 CC and rs1126960 GG genotypes were associated with increased birth weight and BMI, especially in females. Individuals with the rs12445085 TT genotype had significantly higher levels of AST and ALT, whereas individuals with the rs1126960 GG genotype had a significantly lower AST/ALT ratio than did individuals with other genotypes. However, no significant relationships were found between any of the IRX3 SNPs and metabolic syndrome or diabetes.ConclusionsIRX3 genetic variants associate with birth weight, BMI and AST/ALT‐related transaminase metabolism, supporting the role of IRX3 as an obesity‐associated susceptibility gene.
Tumor necrosis factor‐alpha inhibits differentiation of myogenic cells in human urethral rhabdosphincter
Authors: Shinohara Mayuka , Sumino Yasuhiro , Sato Fuminori , Kiyono Tohru , Hashimoto Naohiro , Mimata Hiromitsu 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesTo examine the inhibitory effects of tumor necrosis factor‐α on myogenic differentiation of human urethral rhabdosphincter cells.MethodsA rhabdosphincter sample was obtained from a patient who underwent total cystectomy. To expand the lifespan of the primary cultured cells, rhabdosphincter myogenic cells were immortalized with mutated cyclin‐dependent kinase 4, cyclin D1 and telomerase. The differential potential of the cells was investigated. The transfected human rhabdosphincter cells were induced for myogenic differentiation with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor‐α and/or the tumor necrosis factor‐α antagonist etanercept at different concentrations, and activation of signaling pathways was monitored.ResultsHuman rhabdosphincter cells were selectively cultured for at least 40 passages. Molecular analysis confirmed the expression of myosin heavy chain, which is a specific marker of differentiated muscle cells, significantly increased after differentiation induction. Although tumor necrosis factor‐α treatment reduced the myosin heavy chain expression in a concentration‐dependent manner, etanercept inhibited this suppression. Tumor necrosis factor‐α suppressed phosphorylation of protein kinase B and p38, whereas etanercept pretreatment promoted phosphorylation and myosin heavy chain expression in a concentration‐dependent manner.ConclusionsTumor necrosis factor‐α inhibits differentiation of urethral rhabdosphincter cells in part through the p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase and phosphoinositide 3‐kinase pathways. Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor‐α might be a useful strategy to treat stress urinary incontinence.
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators for Primary Prevention of Mortality in Patients With Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy: A Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: STAVRAKIS STAVROS , ASAD ZAIN , REYNOLDS DWIGHT 
Published: March 2017

ICD for Nonischemic CardiomyopathyBackgroundImplantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) improve survival in patients with heart failure due to ischemic cardiomyopathy, but their benefit in nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) has been recently questioned. We performed a meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials to examine the effect of ICDs on total mortality and arrhythmic death in patients with NICM. We also examined the impact of age and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) on the relative effect of ICD compared to control.Methods and ResultsWe searched the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases for randomized trials evaluating the effect of ICD versus control in patients with NICM. Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random effects model. Six trials involving 2,967 patients were included (ICD, n = 1,553; control, n = 1,414). Based on the pooled estimate across the six studies, the use of ICD was associated with a significant reduction in total mortality (HR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.66–0.92; P = 0.003), as well as arrhythmic death (HR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.29–0.71; P = 0.0005) compared to control. ICD decreased total mortality in younger patients compared to control (HR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.46–0.86; P = 0.004), but not in older patients (HR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.56–1.68; P = 0.92). In patients with CRT, ICD reduced total mortality compared to control (HR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.65–0.95; P = 0.02), but not in patients with CRT (HR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.40–1.26).ConclusionsICDs decrease total mortality and arrhythmic deaths in patients with NICM. The benefit of ICD appears to be dependent on age and concomitant use of CRT.
Ablation of Complex Fractionated Electrograms With or Without ADditional LINEar Lesions for Persistent Atrial Fibrillation (The ADLINE Trial)
Authors: AMMAR‐BUSCH SONIA , BOURIER FELIX , REENTS TILKO , SEMMLER VERENA , TELISHEVSKA MARTA , KATHAN SUSANNE , HOFMANN MONIKA , HESSLING GABRIELE , DEISENHOFER ISABEL 
Published: March 2017

Linear Ablation for AFBackgroundFor persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation, different strategies including complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAE) ablation and linear lesions (LL) have been used in addition to pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). However, it is still a matter of debate if extended substrate modification improves long‐term outcome. The aim of this study was to determine the benefit of LL in addition to PVI and CFAE ablation regarding freedom from arrhythmia recurrence in patients with persistent AF.MethodsThe study was a prospective randomized trial including 90 patients with persistent and longstanding persistent AF. All patients underwent PVI and CFAE ablation. If AF did not terminate to atrial tachycardia (AT) or sinus rhythm, patients were randomized to direct current cardioversion (Group 1; n = 45) or LL (Group 2; n = 45). Primary endpoint was freedom from any atrial arrhythmia off antiarrhythmic drugs at 12 months. (NCT02059369)ResultsBaseline characteristics were similar between the two groups with more than half of the patients having structural heart disease. The primary endpoint was reached in 37% in Group 1 (G1) and 16% in Group 2 (G2; P = 0.03). After a total number of 1.4 ± 0.5 (G1) versus 1.7 ± 0.4 (G2; P = 0.01) procedures, freedom from any arrhythmia was reached in 54% in G1 and 65% in G2 (P = 0.35).ConclusionIn persistent AF ablation, LL in addition to PVI and CFAE show a significantly lower success rate after a single procedure compared to PVI and CFAE. Following LL, significantly more patients needed a reablation to reach a similar success rate during a 12‐month follow‐up.
Digital Workflow for Fixed Implant Rehabilitation of an Extremely Atrophic Edentulous Mandible in Three Appointments
Authors: Papaspyridakos Panos , Rajput Neha , Kudara Yukio , Weber Hans‐Peter 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo present a rationale to reduce treatment complexity, number of surgeries, and overall treatment time for patients with extreme mandibular ridge deficiency.Clinical ConsiderationsA 67‐year‐old fully edentulous male presented with a chief complaint of poor retention and stability of the mandibular complete denture with consequent discomfort and inability to chew. A novel 3‐appointment protocol from guided implant placement to definitive prosthesis delivery was implemented. At the first appointment, a guided surgery protocol with the All‐on‐4 concept was used in the mandible. Implant placement was followed by immediate loading with a fixed provisional prosthesis providing the patient with immediate function. Final impression, cast verification and articulation, determination of VDO, and interocclusal records were obtained in the same appointment. In the second appointment, the framework try‐in was performed and a pick‐up impression was taken after a new CR record. The third appointment included the delivery of the final screw‐retained, one‐piece, full‐arch prosthesis opposed by a maxillary complete denture.ConclusionThis expedited protocol allows for implant placement with a surgical template generated from preoperative virtual planning of the implants and the CAD/CAM prosthodontic rehabilitation using a digital workflow. The patient was satisfied with the esthetic and functional outcome and was enrolled into a 6‐month recall program.Clinical SignificanceThis article describes an expedited protocol illustrating a digital workflow for full arch implant rehabilitation of the extremely atrophic mandible. Flapless implant placement with a surgical template generated from virtual planning was followed by immediate loading with a fixed prosthesis. Digital impression/digitization of the working cast and CAD/CAM technology were used to mill the definitive prosthesis. From guided surgery to the definitive rehabilitation only three appointments were necessary. This digital workflow can enhance patient acceptance and comfort and serve as an alternative treatment in the indicated clinical scenario. (J Esthet Restor Dent 29:178–188, 2017)
Comparison between direct and indirect methods to diagnose malnutrition and cardiometabolic risk in haemodialisys patients
Authors: Balbino K. P. , Epifânio A. P. S. , Ribeiro S. M. R. , da Silva L. D. M. , Gouvea M. G. , Hermsdorff H. H. M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of patients undergoing haemodialysis (HD) by comparing nutritional risk scores with biochemical, anthropometric and body composition variables.MethodsEighty‐five individuals [65.9% male, mean (SD) age 62 (14) years] participated in a cross‐sectional study. Global Objective Assessment (GOA) and Modified Global Subjective Assessment (mGSA) scores, as well as biochemical, anthropometric and body composition data, were collected using standardised procedures.ResultsThe prevalence of malnutrition ranged from 20.0% (% body fat by electrical bioimpedance) to 95.3% (by GOA), depending on the indicator or score used. According to the waist circumference, 61.2% of the individuals presented abdominal obesity and visceral adipose tissue was excessive in 20% of them. Malnutrition diagnosis by GOA showed the relationship between the anthropometric and body composition indicators, as assessed by the extent that the ratings of risk nutritional/mild malnutrition and mainly moderate malnutrition were accompanied by a significant decrease in nutritional status and body composition variables. However, with respect to categories of mGSA, no statistically significant differences were observed for nutritional status and body composition variables. In the receiver operator characteristic curve analyses, mGSA and GOA were good indicators for diagnosing malnutrition because both achieved an AUC > 0.5.ConclusionsmGSA and GOA were more sensitive with respect to identifying individuals at nutritional risk compared to the isolated anthropometric indicators, thus indicating their utility in diagnostic malnutrition. However, individuals at high nutritional risk also presented cardiometabolic risk, as diagnosed mainly by central fat indicators, suggesting the application of both malnutrition and cardiometabolic risk markers in HD patients.
A Labor Capital Asset Pricing Model
Authors: KUEHN LARS‐ALEXANDER , SIMUTIN MIKHAIL , WANG JESSIE JIAXU 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTWe show that labor search frictions are an important determinant of the cross‐section of equity returns. Empirically, we find that firms with low loadings on labor market tightness outperform firms with high loadings by 6% annually. We propose a partial equilibrium labor market model in which heterogeneous firms make dynamic employment decisions under labor search frictions. In the model, loadings on labor market tightness proxy for priced time‐variation in the efficiency of the aggregate matching technology. Firms with low loadings are more exposed to adverse matching efficiency shocks and require higher expected stock returns.
Social Capital, Trust, and Firm Performance: The Value of Corporate Social Responsibility during the Financial Crisis
Authors: LINS KARL V. , SERVAES HENRI , TAMAYO ANE 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTDuring the 2008–2009 financial crisis, firms with high social capital, as measured by corporate social responsibility (CSR) intensity, had stock returns that were four to seven percentage points higher than firms with low social capital. High‐CSR firms also experienced higher profitability, growth, and sales per employee relative to low‐CSR firms, and they raised more debt. This evidence suggests that the trust between a firm and both its stakeholders and investors, built through investments in social capital, pays off when the overall level of trust in corporations and markets suffers a negative shock.
Trader Leverage and Liquidity
Authors: KAHRAMAN BIGE , TOOKES HEATHER E. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTDoes trader leverage drive equity market liquidity? We use the unique features of the margin trading system in India to identify a causal relationship between traders’ ability to borrow and a stock's market liquidity. To quantify the impact of trader leverage, we employ a regression discontinuity design that exploits threshold rules that determine a stock's margin trading eligibility. We find that liquidity is higher when stocks become eligible for margin trading and that this liquidity enhancement is driven by margin traders’ contrarian strategies. Consistent with downward liquidity spirals due to deleveraging, we also find that this effect reverses during crises.
Income Insurance and the Equilibrium Term Structure of Equity
Authors: MARFÈ ROBERTO 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTOutput, wages, and dividends feature term structures of variance ratios that are respectively flat, increasing, and decreasing. Income insurance from shareholders to workers explains these term structures. Risk‐sharing smooths wages but only concerns transitory risk and hence enhances short‐run dividend risk. As a result, actual labor‐share variation largely forecasts the risk, premium, and slope of dividend strips. A simple general equilibrium model in which labor rigidity affects dividend dynamics and the price of short‐run risk reconciles standard asset pricing facts with the term structures of the equity premium, volatility, and macroeconomic variables, which are at odds in leading models.
Variation in growth rate, carbon assimilation, and photosynthetic efficiency in response to nitrogen source and concentration in phytoplankton isolated from upper San Francisco Bay
Authors: Berg Gry Mine , Driscoll Sara , Hayashi Kendra , Ross Melissa , Kudela Raphael 
Published: March 2017

Six species of phytoplankton recently isolated from upper San Francisco Bay were tested for their sensitivity to growth inhibition by ammonium (NH4+), and for differences in growth rates according to inorganic nitrogen (N) growth source. The quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) was a sensitive indicator of NH4+ toxicity, manifested by a suppression of Fv/Fm in a dose‐dependent manner. Two chlorophytes were the least sensitive to NH4+ inhibition, at concentrations of >3,000 μmoles NH4+ · L−1, followed by two estuarine diatoms that were sensitive at concentrations >1,000 μmoles NH4+ · L−1, followed lastly by two freshwater diatoms that were sensitive at concentrations between 200 and 500 μmoles NH4+ · L−1. At non‐inhibiting concentrations of NH4+, the freshwater diatom species grew fastest, followed by the estuarine diatoms, while the chlorophytes grew slowest. Variations in growth rates with N source did not follow taxonomic divisions. Of the two chlorophytes, one grew significantly faster on nitrate (NO3−), whereas the other grew significantly faster on NH4+. All four diatoms tested grew faster on NH4+ compared with NO3−. We showed that in cases where growth rates were faster on NH4+ than they were on NO3−, the difference was not larger for chlorophytes compared with diatoms. This holds true for comparisons across a number of culture investigations suggesting that diatoms as a group will not be at a competitive disadvantage under natural conditions when NH4+ dominates the total N pool and they will also not have a growth advantage when NO3− is dominant, as long as N concentrations are sufficient.
Patterns of temporal and enemy niche use by a community of leaf cone moths (Caloptilia) coexisting on maples (Acer) as revealed by metabarcoding
Authors: Nakadai Ryosuke , Kawakita Atsushi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe diversity of herbivorous insects is often considered a function of host plant diversity. However, recent research has uncovered many examples of closely related herbivores using the same host plant(s), suggesting that partitioning of host plants is not the only mechanism generating diversity. Herbivores sharing hosts may utilize different parts of the same plant, but such resource partitioning is often not apparent; hence, the factors that allow closely related herbivores to coexist are still largely undetermined. We examined whether partitioning of phenology or natural enemies may explain the coexistence of leaf cone moths (Caloptilia; Gracillariidae) associated with maples (Acer; Sapindaceae). Larval activity of 10 sympatric Caloptilia species found on nine maple species was monitored every 2–3 weeks for a total of 13 sampling events, and an exhaustive search for internal parasitoid wasps was conducted using high‐throughput sequencing. Blocking primers were used to facilitate the detection of wasp larvae inside moth tissue. We found considerable phenological overlap among Caloptilia species, with two clear peaks in July and September–October. Coexisting Caloptilia species also had largely overlapping parasitoid communities; a total of 13 chalcid and ichneumon wasp species attacked Caloptilia in a nonspecific fashion at an overall parasitism rate of 46.4%. Although coexistence may be facilitated by factors not accounted for in this study, it appears that niche partitioning is not necessary for closely related herbivores to stably coexist on shared hosts. Co‐occurrence without resource partitioning may provide an additional axis along which herbivorous insects attain increased species richness.
Evolutionary ecology of beta‐lactam gene clusters in animals
Authors: Suring Wouter , Meusemann Karen , Blanke Alexander , Mariën Janine , Schol Tim , Agamennone Valeria , Faddeeva‐Vakhrusheva Anna , Berg Matty P. ,   the 1KITE Basal Hexapod consortium, Brouwer Abraham , van Straalen Nico M. , Roelofs Dick 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBeta‐lactam biosynthesis was thought to occur only in fungi and bacteria, but we recently reported the presence of isopenicillin N synthase in a soil‐dwelling animal, Folsomia candida. However, it has remained unclear whether this gene is part of a larger beta‐lactam biosynthesis pathway and how widespread the occurrence of penicillin biosynthesis is among animals. Here, we analysed the distribution of beta‐lactam biosynthesis genes throughout the animal kingdom and identified a beta‐lactam gene cluster in the genome of F. candida (Collembola), consisting of isopenicillin N synthase (IPNS), δ‐(L‐α‐aminoadipoyl)‐L‐cysteinyl‐D‐valine synthetase (ACVS), and two cephamycin C genes (cmcI and cmcJ) on a genomic scaffold of 0.76 Mb. All genes are transcriptionally active and are inducible by stress (heat shock). A beta‐lactam compound was detected in vivo using an ELISA beta‐lactam assay. The gene cluster also contains an ABC transporter which is coregulated with IPNS and ACVS after heat shock. Furthermore, we show that different combinations of beta‐lactam biosynthesis genes are present in over 60% of springtail families, but they are absent from genome‐ and transcript libraries of other animals including close relatives of springtails (Protura, Diplura and insects). The presence of beta‐lactam genes is strongly correlated with an euedaphic (soil‐living) lifestyle. Beta‐lactam genes IPNS and ACVS each form a phylogenetic clade in between bacteria and fungi, while cmcI and cmcJ genes cluster within bacteria. This suggests a single horizontal gene transfer event most probably from a bacterial host, followed by differential loss in more recently evolving species.