bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure and dynamics of Type III periplasmic proteins VcFhuD and VcHutB reveal molecular basis of their distinctive ligand binding properties
Authors: Agarwal Shubhangi , Dey Sanjay , Ghosh Biplab , Biswas Maitree , Dasgupta Jhimli 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMolecular mechanisms of xenosiderophore and heme acquisitions using periplasmic binding protein (PBP) dependent ATP-binding cassette transporters to scavenge the essential nutrient iron are elusive yet in Vibrio cholerae. Our current study delineates the structures, dynamics and ligand binding properties of two Type III PBPs of V. cholerae, VcFhuD and VcHutB. Through crystal structures and fluorescence quenching studies we demonstrate unique features of VcFhuD to bind both hydroxamate and catecholate type xenosiderophores. Like E. coli FhuD, VcFhuD binds ferrichrome and ferri-desferal using conserved Tryptophans and R102. However, unlike EcFhuD, slightly basic ligand binding pocket of VcFhuD could favour ferri-enterobactin binding with plausible participation of R203, along with R102, like it happens in catecholate binding PBPs. Structural studies coupled with spectrophotometric and native PAGE analysis indicated parallel binding of two heme molecules to VcHutB in a pH dependent manner, while mutational analysis established the relative importance of Y65 and H164 in heme binding. MD simulation studies exhibited an unforeseen inter-lobe swinging motion in Type III PBPs, magnitude of which is inversely related to the packing of the linker helix with its neighboring helices. Small inter-lobe movement in VcFhuD or dramatic twisting in VcHutB is found to influence ligand binding.
The CUL3-SPOP-DAXX axis is a novel regulator of VEGFR2 expression in vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Sakaue Tomohisa , Sakakibara Iori , Uesugi Takahiro , Fujisaki Ayako , Nakashiro Koh-ichi , Hamakawa Hiroyuki , Kubota Eiji , Joh Takashi , Imai Yuuki , Izutani Hironori , Higashiyama Shigeki 
Published: February 2017

AbstractVascular endothelial cell growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) is an essential receptor for the homeostasis of endothelial cells. In this study, we showed that NEDD8-conjugated Cullin3 (CUL3)-based ubiquitin E3 (UbE3) ligase plays a crucial role in VEGFR2 mRNA expression. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells treated with MLN4924, an inhibitor of NEDD8-activating enzyme, or with CUL3 siRNA drastically lost their response to VEGF due to the intense decrease in VEGFR2 expression. Moreover, speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP) and death-domain associated protein (DAXX) were involved in the CUL3 UbE3 ligase complex as a substrate adaptor and a substrate, respectively. Knockdown of SPOP and CUL3 led to the upregulation of DAXX protein and downregulation of VEGFR2 levels. These levels were inversely correlated with one another. In addition, simultaneous knockdown of SPOP and DAXX completely reversed the downregulation of VEGFR2 levels. Moreover, the CUL3-SPOP-DAXX axis had the same effects on NOTCH1, DLL4 and NRP1 expression. Taken together, these findings suggest that the CUL3-SPOP-DAXX axis plays a very important role in endothelial cell function by targeting key angiogenic regulators.
CCR7 deficient inflammatory Dendritic Cells are retained in the Central Nervous System
Authors: Clarkson Benjamin D. , Walker Alec , Harris Melissa G. , Rayasam Aditya , Hsu Martin , Sandor Matyas , Fabry Zsuzsanna 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDendritic cells (DC) accumulate in the CNS during neuroinflammation, yet, how these cells contribute to CNS antigen drainage is still unknown. We have previously shown that after intracerebral injection, antigen-loaded bone marrow DC migrate to deep cervical lymph nodes where they prime antigen-specific T cells and exacerbate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice. Here, we report that DC migration from brain parenchyma is dependent upon the chemokine receptor CCR7. During EAE, both wild type and CCR7−/− CD11c-eYFP cells infiltrated into the CNS but cells that lacked CCR7 were retained in brain and spinal cord while wild type DC migrated to cervical lymph nodes. Retention of CCR7-deficient CD11c-eYFP cells in the CNS exacerbated EAE. These data are the first to show that CD11chighDC use CCR7 for migration out of the CNS, and in the absence of this receptor they remain in the CNSin situand exacerbate EAE.
CRISPR knockout rat cytochrome P450 3A1/2 model for advancing drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics research
Authors: Lu Jian , Shao Yanjiao , Qin Xuan , Liu Daozhi , Chen Ang , Li Dali , Liu Mingyao , Wang Xin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A accounts for nearly 30% of the total CYP enzymes in the human liver and participates in the metabolism of over 50% of clinical drugs. Moreover, CYP3A plays an important role in chemical metabolism, toxicity, and carcinogenicity. New animal models are needed to investigate CYP3A functions, especially for drug metabolism. In this report, Cyp3a1/2 double knockout (KO) rats were generated by CRISPR-Cas9 technology, and then were characterized for viability and physiological status. The Cyp3a1/2 double KO rats were viable and fertile, and had no obvious physiological abnormities. Compared with the wild-type (WT) rat, Cyp3a1/2 expression was completely absent in the liver of the KO rat. In vitro and in vivo metabolic studies of the CYP3A1/2 substrates indicated that CYP3A1/2 was functionally inactive in double KO rats. The Cyp3a1/2 double KO rat model was successfully generated and characterized. The Cyp3a1/2 KO rats are a novel rodent animal model that will be a powerful tool for the study of the physiological and pharmacological roles of CYP3A, especially in drug and chemical metabolism in vivo.
Anomalous resistivity upturn in epitaxial L21-Co2MnAl films
Authors: Zhu L. J. , Zhao J. H. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDespite of the great scientific and technology interest, highly ordered full-Heusler L21-Co2MnAl films have remained a big challenge in terms of the availability and the electrical transport. Here we report the controllable growth and the intriguing transport behavior of epitaxial L21-Co2MnAl films, which exhibit a low-temperature (T) resistivity upturn with a pronounced T1/2 dependence, a robust independence of magnetic fields, and a close relevance to structural disorder. The resistivity upturn turns out to be qualitatively contradictory to weak localization, particle-particle channel electron-electron interaction (EEI), and orbital two-channel Kondo effect, leaving a three-dimensional particle-hole channel EEI the most likely physical source. Our result highlights a considerable tunability of the structural and electronic disorder of magnetic films by varying growth temperature, affording unprecedented insights into the origin of the resistivity upturn.
Horizontal sliding of kilometre-scale hot spring area during the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake
Authors: Tsuji Takeshi , Ishibashi Jun’ichiro , Ishitsuka Kazuya , Kamata Ryuichi 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe report horizontal sliding of the kilometre-scale geologic block under the Aso hot springs (Uchinomaki area) caused by vibrations from the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake (Mw 7.0). Direct borehole observations demonstrate the sliding along the horizontal geological formation at ~50 m depth, which is where the shallowest hydrothermal reservoir developed. Owing to >1 m northwest movement of the geologic block, as shown by differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR), extensional open fissures were generated at the southeastern edge of the horizontal sliding block, and compressional deformation and spontaneous fluid emission from wells were observed at the northwestern edge of the block. The temporal and spatial variation of the hot spring supply during the earthquake can be explained by the horizontal sliding and borehole failures. Because there was no strain accumulation around the hot spring area prior to the earthquake and gravitational instability could be ignored, the horizontal sliding along the low-frictional formation was likely caused by seismic forces from the remote earthquake. The insights derived from our field-scale observations may assist further research into geologic block sliding in horizontal geological formations.
Detection of viral respiratory pathogens in mild and severe acute respiratory infections in Singapore
Authors: Jiang Lili , Lee Vernon Jian Ming , Cui Lin , Lin Raymond , Tan Chyi Lin , Tan Linda Wei Lin , Lim Wei-yen , Leo Yee-Sin , Low Louie , Hibberd Martin , Chen Mark I-Cheng 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTo investigate the performance of laboratory methods and clinical case definitions in detecting the viral pathogens for acute respiratory infections (ARIs) from a prospective community cohort and hospital inpatients, nasopharyngeal swabs from cohort members reporting ARIs (community-ARI) and inpatients admitted with ARIs (inpatient-ARI) were tested by Singleplex Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (SRT-PCR), multiplex RT-PCR (MRT-PCR) and pathogen-chip system (PathChip) between April 2012 and December 2013. Community-ARI and inpatient-ARI was also combined with mild and severe cases of influenza from a historical prospective study as mild-ARI and severe-ARI respectively to evaluate the performance of clinical case definitions. We analysed 130 community-ARI and 140 inpatient-ARI episodes (5 inpatient-ARI excluded because multiple pathogens were detected), involving 138 and 207 samples respectively. Detection by PCR declined with days post-onset for influenza virus; decrease was faster for community-ARI than for inpatient-ARI. No such patterns were observed for non-influenza respiratory virus infections. PathChip added substantially to viruses detected for community-ARI only. Clinical case definitions discriminated influenza from other mild-ARI but performed poorly for severe-ARI and for older participants. Rational strategies for diagnosis and surveillance of influenza and other respiratory virus must acknowledge the differences between ARIs presenting in community and hospital settings.
Scaling analysis of field-tuned superconductor–insulator transition in two-dimensional tantalum thin films
Authors: Park Sungyu , Shin Junghyun , Kim Eunseong 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe superconductor–insulator (SI) transition in two-dimensional Ta thin films is investigated by controlling both film thickness and magnetic field. An intriguing metallic phase appears between a superconducting and an insulating phase within a range of film thickness and magnetic field. The temperature and electric field scaling analyses are performed to investigate the nature of the SI transition in the thickness-tuned metallic and superconducting samples. The critical exponents product of νz obtained from the temperature scaling analysis is found to be approximately 0.67 in the entire range of film thickness. On the other hand, an apparent discrepancy is measured in the product of ν(z + 1) by the electric filed analysis. The product values are found to be about 1.37 for the superconducting films and about 1.86 for the metallic films respectively. We find that the discrepancy is the direct consequence of electron heating that introduces additional dissipation channels in the metallic Ta films.
Water use efficiency in a primary subtropical evergreen forest in Southwest China
Authors: Song Qing-Hai , Fei Xue-Hai , Zhang Yi-Ping , Sha Li-Qing , Liu Yun-Tong , Zhou Wen-Jun , Wu Chuan-Sheng , Lu Zhi-Yun , Luo Kang , Gao Jin-Bo , Liu Yu-Hong 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe calculated water use efficiency (WUE) using measures of gross primary production (GPP) and evapotranspiration (ET) from five years of continuous eddy covariance measurements (2009–2013) obtained over a primary subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest in southwestern China. Annual mean WUE exhibited a decreasing trend from 2009 to 2013, varying from ~2.28 to 2.68 g C kg H2O−1. The multiyear average WUE was 2.48 ± 0.17 (mean ± standard deviation) g C kg H2O−1. WUE increased greatly in the driest year (2009), due to a larger decline in ET than in GPP. At the diurnal scale, WUE in the wet season reached 5.1 g C kg H2O−1 in the early morning and 4.6 g C kg H2O−1 in the evening. WUE in the dry season reached 3.1 g C kg H2O−1 in the early morning and 2.7 g C kg H2O−1 in the evening. During the leaf emergence stage, the variation of WUE could be suitably explained by water-related variables (relative humidity (RH), soil water content at 100 cm (SWC_100)), solar radiation and the green index (Sgreen). These results revealed large variation in WUE at different time scales, highlighting the importance of individual site characteristics.
Transthyretin amyloidosis: an under-recognized neuropathy and cardiomyopathy
Authors: Galant Natalie J. , Westermark Per , Higaki Jeffrey N. , Chakrabartty Avijit 
Published: February 2017

Transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis (ATTR amyloidosis) is an underdiagnosed and important type of cardiomyopathy and/or polyneuropathy that requires increased awareness within the medical community. Raising awareness among clinicians about this type of neuropathy and lethal form of heart disease is critical for improving earlier diagnosis and the identification of patients for treatment. The following review summarizes current criteria used to diagnose both hereditary and wild-type ATTR (ATTRwt) amyloidosis, tools available to clinicians to improve diagnostic accuracy, available and newly developing therapeutics, as well as a brief biochemical and biophysical background of TTR amyloidogenesis.
The millimeter and sub-millimeter rotational spectrum of triple 13C-substituted ethyl cyanide
Authors: Pienkina A. O. , Margulès L. , Motiyenko R. A. , Müller H. S. P. , Guillemin J.-C. 
Published: February 2017

Context. A recently published astronomical detection of all three doubly 13C-substituted ethyl cyanides toward Sgr B2(N2) motivated us to investigate triple 13C isotopic species that are expected to be also present in the ISM.
Aims. We aim to present an experimental study of the rotational spectrum of triple 13C-substituted ethyl cyanide, 13CH313CH213CN, in the frequency range 150–990 GHz. We want to use the determined spectroscopic parameters for searching for 13CH313CH213CN in ALMA data. The main objective of this work is to provide accurate frequency predictions to search for this molecule in the Galactic center source Sagittarius B2(N) and to facilitate its detection in space.
Methods. The laboratory rotational spectrum of 13CH313CH213CN has been recorded with the Lille’s fast DDS solid-state spectrometer between 150 GHz and 990 GHz.
Results. More than 4000 rotational transitions were identified in the laboratory. The quantum numbers reach J = 115 and Ka = 39. Watson’s Hamiltonian in the A and S reductions were used to analyze the spectra. Accurate spectroscopic parameters were determined. The rotational spectra of the 13C containing species CH3CH2CN have been assigned, thus allowing the determination of the rotational and centrifugal distortion constants
PLCε1 regulates SDF-1α–induced lymphocyte adhesion and migration to sites of inflammation
Authors: Strazza Marianne , Azoulay-Alfaguter Inbar , Peled Michael , Smrcka Alan V. , Skolnik Edward Y. , Srivastava Shekhar , Mor Adam 
Published: February 2017

Significance
We performed a screen to identify unique proteins regulating T-cell adhesion downstream of the chemokine receptor CXCR4. We identified that the guanine exchange factor mediating stromal cell-derived factor 1 alpha (SDF-1α)/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) activation is phospholipase Cε 1 (PLCε1). Experiments to separate the dual-enzymatic function of PLCε1 uncover necessary contributions of the CDC25, Pleckstrin homology, and Ras-associating domains, but not phospholipase activity, to its guanine exchange activity. In the mouse model of contact sensitivity, we have shown a necessary role for PLCε1 in T-cell recruitment to the site of secondary challenge, but not for priming after antigen sensitization. We uncover a signaling pathway that mediates SDF-1α–induced T-cell adhesion and suggest that PLCε1 is a potential specific target for future antiinflammatory drugs.
Mitochondrial damage elicits a TCDD-inducible poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-mediated antiviral response
Authors: Kozaki Tatsuya , Komano Jun , Kanbayashi Daiki , Takahama Michihiro , Misawa Takuma , Satoh Takashi , Takeuchi Osamu , Kawai Taro , Shimizu Shigeomi , Matsuura Yoshiharu , Akira Shizuo , Saitoh Tatsuya 
Published: February 2017

Significance
Accumulating evidence shows that type I interferons (IFNs) induce an antiviral response. Retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptors detect Sindbis virus (SINV) RNA and mediate signaling to IFN-β promoter stimulator-1, an adaptor that functions on the surface of healthy mitochondria, to induce transcriptional activation of IFNs. Zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP) is induced by IFNs and binds with SINV RNA to promote RNA degradation. We recently found an organelle stress-induced IFN-independent antiviral response. On SINV infection, BCL2-associated X protein and BCL2 antagonist/killer 1 cause mitochondria damage, leading to a nuclear-to-cytoplasmic redistribution of tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-inducible poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (TIPARP), a ZAP-like protein. TIPARP binds with SINV RNA to promote RNA degradation. Therefore, mitochondrial-nuclear crosstalk plays a vital role in the host defense against RNA viruses.
Spatial Patterns of Market Participation and Resource Extraction: Fuelwood Collection in Northern Uganda
Authors: Miteva Daniela A. , Kramer Randall A. , Brown Zachary S. , Smith Martin D. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWhile distance to markets is a key determinant of market participation for households that are dependent on natural resources, the distance to the resource stock is also essential. Thus, a household's location with respect to markets and the resource stock determines household market participation and associated resource degradation. Applying a discrete‐choice framework for fuelwood collection in a developing country, we characterize the spatial pattern of market participation regimes and forest use. All else being equal, autarkic households are closest to the forest and furthest from the market, buyer households are closest to the market and furthest from the forest, and seller households are at intermediate distances. Empirical tests based on survey data from northern Uganda support the predictions from our theoretical model. Our findings have important implications for understanding the spatial patterns of forest degradation and determining the control group when designing impact evaluations of the effectiveness of development and conservation interventions.
Trophic impact of Atlantic bluefin tuna migrations in the North Sea
Authors: Mariani Patrizio , Andersen Ken H. , Lindegren Martin , MacKenzie Brian R. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractLarge highly migratory predators can have major impacts on local marine ecosystems by reducing prey populations and leading to trophic cascades that affect the entire fish community. These trophic interactions are typically non-linear and can alter both the migratory behaviour of the predator and the stability of the fish community. The impact of a migrating top-predator is investigated here for Atlantic bluefin tuna in the North Sea. Bluefin tuna has been absent from the region for half-century, but recent years have seen recovery of migrations and a return of bluefin tuna in the area. We use a size spectrum model to analyse the trophic impact of the returning tuna on the entire fish community, under scenarios with varying levels of tuna consumption and fishing mortality on the prey. We show that with high level of prey fishing mortality in the North Sea, the effect of a tuna re-colonization results in only limited trophic cascades. However, high tuna consumption or changes in fishing mortality may result in a sudden recruitment failure of small-pelagic fish due to cascading effects on the fish community. In present-day conditions, the level of tuna consumption that triggers recruitment failure is lower at increasing fishing mortalities on their prey, providing indications for the future sustainable management of both small-pelagics and bluefin tuna in the area.
User-centered design of discharge warnings tool for colorectal surgery patients
Authors: Naik Aanand D , Horstman Molly J , Li Linda T , Paasche-Orlow Michael K , Campbell Bryan , Mills Whitney L , Herman Levi I , Anaya Daniel A , Trautner Barbara W , Berger David H 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Objectives: Readmission following colorectal surgery, typically due to surgery-related complications, is common. Patient-centered discharge warnings may guide recognition of early complication signs after colorectal surgery.
Materials and Methods: User-centered design of a discharge warnings tool consisted of iterative health literacy review and a heuristic evaluation with human factors and clinical experts as well as patient end users to establish content validity and usability.
Results: Literacy evaluation of the prototype suggested &gt;12th-grade reading level. Subsequent revisions reduced reading level to 8th grade or below. Contents were formatted during heuristic evaluation into 3 action-oriented zones (green, yellow, and red) with relevant warning lexicons. Usability testing demonstrated comprehension of this 3-level lexicon and recognition of appropriate patient actions to take for each level.
Discussion: We developed a discharge warnings tool for colorectal surgery using staged user-centered design. The lexicon of surgical discharge warnings could structure communication among patients, caregivers, and clinicians to improve post-discharge care.
Increases in Cranial Volume with Posterior Cranial Vault Distraction in 31 Consecutive Cases
Authors: Salokorpi Niina , Vuollo Ville , Sinikumpu Juha-Jaakko , Satanin Leonid , Nestal Zibo Heleia , Ylikontiola Leena P , Pirttiniemi Pertti , Sándor George K , Serlo Willy 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Posterior cranial vault distraction (PCVD) is a technique widely used in surgical treatment of craniosynostosis when cranial expansion is required. It has proven to be safe and to allow a significant increase of intracranial volume.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate increases in intracranial volume as a result of PCVD performed in Oulu Craniofacial center using 2 different methods based on 3-dimensional (3-D) photogrammetric imaging or plain skull radiographs.

METHODS
All children less than 16 yr of age who were treated by PCVD (n = 31) from 2009 to 2015 at the Oulu Craniofacial Center were included. All patients were followed at outpatient clinics with plain radiographs performed for follow-up. In 5 patients, additional 3-D photogrammetric imaging was done pre- and postoperatively.

RESULTS
The mean intracranial volume increase was 25.0%, ranging from 16.9% to 39.4%. In 5 patients, the increase in volume was calculated from the photogrammetric 3-D images comprising a mean of 17.4%. Volume calculations from cephalograms in the same patients gave a mean of 20.8%. Whether the distraction was a primary operation or patient had undergone previous cranioplasty did not influence the achieved volumetric results. There were no statistically significant differences in the distraction results between different diagnostic groups.

CONCLUSION
PCVD is an effective surgical method to increase intracranial volume in a variety of clinical entities. Volumetric results of this procedure could be easily evaluated using 3-D photogrammetric imaging or plane radiographs that expose the patients to only low ionizing radiation doses.