bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Numerical Investigation on Tidal and Gravity Wave Contributions to the Summer Time Na Variations in the Midlatitude E Region
Authors: Cai Xuguang , Yuan Tao , Eccles J. Vincent 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe Na density variations in the E region have been studied over the past few decades. Although considerable progress in understanding and in modeling the metal layer observations has been made, Na density features above 100 km have yet to be explained. Various studies have linked them to the Na+ variations, a major reservoir for Na in E region. But the lack of comprehensive modeling investigations and of wind and temperature observations prevents further understanding on this important ion‐neutral coupling topic. In this study, we conduct a numerical simulation on the summer time Na density behavior in the midlatitude E region, where both the ion density and the neutral atmosphere are modulated by tidal and gravity waves. Simulation results show good agreement with Na lidar measurements and reveal that atmospheric waves can transport Na upward to generate Na layers and variations in E region considerably. The vertical wind component of the large amplitude tidal wave can extend the Na layer above 120 km into the thermosphere. The simulation also demonstrates that the modulation of large amplitude gravity (GW) wave can generate small‐scale sporadic Na layers (Nas) in the E region. Finally, eddy diffusion enhancement in the GW saturation process can significantly alter the Nas spatial and temporal structures.
Projections of the future occurrence, distribution, and seasonality of three Vibrio species in the Chesapeake Bay under a high‐emission climate change scenario
Authors: Muhling Barbara A. , Jacobs John , Stock Charles A. , Gaitan Carlos F. , Saba Vincent S. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIllness caused by pathogenic strains of Vibrio bacteria incurs significant economic and health care costs in many areas around the world. In the Chesapeake Bay, the two most problematic species are V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus, which cause infection both from exposure to contaminated water and consumption of contaminated seafood. We used existing Vibrio habitat models, four global climate models, and a recently developed statistical downscaling framework to project the spatiotemporal probability of occurrence of V. vulnificus and V. cholerae in the estuarine environment, and the mean concentration of V. parahaemolyticus in oysters in the Chesapeake Bay by the end of the 21st century. Results showed substantial future increases in season length and spatial habitat for V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus, while projected increase in V. cholerae habitat was less marked and more spatially heterogeneous. Our findings underscore the need for spatially variable inputs into models of climate impacts on Vibrios in estuarine environments. Overall, economic costs associated with Vibrios in the Chesapeake Bay, such as incidence of illness and management measures on the shellfish industry, may increase under climate change, with implications for recreational and commercial uses of the ecosystem.
Tidal Response in Shallow Tectonic Tremors
Authors: Katakami S. , Yamashita Y. , Yakiwara H. , Shimizu H. , Ito Y. , Ohta K. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractVarious types of slow earthquakes (e.g., tectonic tremors and slow slip events) have been reported in tectonic zones, especially in the subduction zone. The tidal response of a tremor is considered to be strongly related to the weak friction state of the plate interface, and many studies have reported observational evidence of such correlation between tides and deep tremor activity. Here we used the modified frequency scanning method at a single station to detect micro tectonic tremors that have not been previously reported in southern Kyushu. In the early stage of the tremor activity, tremors are mostly modulated by slow slip events. In contrast, we found a seismic response to ocean tides during the later stage in the shallower part of the subduction zone. This might indicate that the tremors are triggered by tidal changes caused by fault weakening due to slow slip events as same as deeper condition.
Durable Terrestrial Bedrock Predicts Submarine Canyon Formation
Authors: Smith M. Elliot , Finnegan Noah J. , Mueller Erich R. , Best Rebecca J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThough submarine canyons are first‐order topographic features of Earth, the processes responsible for their occurrence remain poorly understood. Potentially analogous studies of terrestrial rivers show that the flux and caliber of transported bedload are significant controls on bedrock incision. Here we hypothesize that coarse sediment load could exert a similar role in the formation of submarine canyons. We conducted a comprehensive empirical analysis of canyon occurrence along the West Coast of the contiguous United States which indicates that submarine canyon occurrence is best predicted by the occurrence of durable crystalline bedrock in adjacent terrestrial catchments. Canyon occurrence is also predicted by the flux of bed sediment to shore from terrestrial streams. Surprisingly, no significant correlation was observed between canyon occurrence and the slope or width of the continental shelf. These findings suggest that canyon incision is promoted by greater yields of durable terrestrial clasts to the shore.
Brittle to Semibrittle Transition in Quartz Sandstone: Energetics
Authors: Kanaya Taka , Hirth Greg 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTriaxial compression experiments were conducted on a quartz sandstone at effective pressures up to 175 MPa and temperatures up to 900°C. Our experiments show a transition from brittle faulting to semibrittle faulting with an increase in both pressure and temperature. The yield behavior of samples deformed in the semibrittle regime follows a compactant elliptical cap at low strain, but evolves to a dilatant Mohr–Coulomb relationship with continued compaction. Optical microscopy indicates that semibrittle deformation involves cataclastic flow through shear‐enhanced compaction and grain crushing; however, transmission electron microscopy shows evidence for dislocation glide in limited portions of samples. To constrain the relative contribution of brittle and crystal plastic mechanisms, we estimate the partitioning of the inelastic work into the dissipation energy for microcracking, intergranular frictional slip, and dislocation glide. We conclude that semibrittle deformation is accommodated primarily by cataclastic mechanisms, with only a limited contribution from crystal plasticity. Mechanical data, acoustic emission records, and analysis of surface energy all indicate the activation of subcritical cracking at elevated temperature. Hence, we infer that the enhancement of subcritical cracking is responsible for the transition to semibrittle flow through promoting distributed grain‐scale fractures and millimeter‐scale shear bands. Subcritical cracking promotes the nucleation of microfractures at lower stresses, and the resulting decrease in flow stress retards the propagation of transgranular microfractures. Our study illuminates the important role of temperature on the micromechanics of the transition from brittle faulting to cataclastic flow in the Earth.
Cholera toxin B subunit induces local curvature on lipid bilayers
Authors: Pezeshkian Weria , Nåbo Lina J. , Ipsen John H. 
Published: September 2017

The B subunit of the bacterial cholera toxin (CTxB) is responsible for the toxin binding to the cell membrane and its intracellular trafficking. CTxB binds to the monosialotetrahexosyl ganglioside at the plasma membrane of the target cell and mediates toxin internalization by endocytosis. CTxB induces a local membrane curvature that is essential for its clathrin‐independent uptake. Using all‐atom molecular dynamics, we show that CTxB induces local curvature, with the radius of curvature around 36 nm. The main feature of the CTxB molecular structure that causes membrane bending is the protruding alpha helices in the middle of the protein. Our study points to a generic protein design principle for generating local membrane curvature through specific binding to their lipid anchors.
The Effects of Cycling on a Desk Bike on Attention, Retention and Mood during a Video Lecture
Authors: Ruiter Margina , Loyens Sofie , Paas Fred 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThis study investigated whether cycling on a desk bike would foster sustained attention in a lecture setting. This was measured by effects on retention, task experience (e.g. self‐reported attention) and affect (i.e. happiness and energy). Participants were 122 students, who watched a two‐part video lecture and made the associated retention tests administered right after each lecture part. In four experimental conditions, students sat still during the first part of the lecture and either cycled or not during the second part of the lecture and the subsequent retention test. Our main hypothesis that cycling would reduce negative time‐on‐task effects on retention of the lecture content, task experience (e.g. self‐reported attention) and affect was only confirmed for energy ratings. The results of this study suggest that desk bikes can be used in educational facilities without negatively affecting memory and positively influencing learners' affective state.Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does Time Fly 20 m above the Ground? Exploring the Role of Affective Response on Time Perception in a High‐risk Sport
Authors: Castellà Judit , Cuello Cristina , Sanz Antoni 
Published: September 2017

SummaryA field study (n = 61) was performed in aVia Ferratato explore how affective response influences time perception during an arousing activity in a real‐life setting (passing through a 69‐m‐long, 20‐m‐high, two‐rope bridge). Two questionnaires were administered (i) at the end point of the bridge (high‐arousing condition) and (ii) close to the end of theVia Ferrata(low‐arousing condition). Participants assessed their affect (arousal, valence, and dominance) and provided retrospective (duration estimation and passage of time judgments) and prospective (to produce a subjective minute using a stopwatch) temporal judgments. The results showed that the actual performance mediated the relationship between affect and retrospective time perception measures, with the exception of dominance, which directly predicted passage of time judgments. Regarding prospective measures, an increase in arousal was parallel to shorter temporal productions. The results are discussed in terms of the emotional factors underlying time perception in ecological contexts.Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Amination and Annulation of Arenes with Anthranils: C‐H Activation Assisted by Weakly Coordinating Amides
Authors: Wang Manman , Kong Lingheng , Wang Fen , Li Xingwei 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA rhodium(III)‐catalyzed C−H amination of benzamides and isoquinolones with anthranils has been realized under assistance of weakly coordinating amide, leading to a bifunctionalized amination product which can further cyclize to acridine under in situ or ex situ conditions.magnified image
The development of feeding behavior in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii)
Authors: Bray Joel , Emery Thompson Melissa , Muller Martin N. , Wrangham Richard W. , Machanda Zarin P. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectivesPrimates have an extended period of juvenility before adulthood. Although dietary complexity plays a prominent role in hypotheses regarding the evolution of extended juvenility, the development of feeding behavior is still poorly understood. Indeed, few studies have investigated the timing and nature of feeding transitions in apes, including chimpanzees. We describe general patterns of feeding development in wild chimpanzees and evaluate predictions of the needing‐to‐learn hypothesis.Materials and MethodsWe analyzed 4 years of behavioral data (2010–2013) from 26 immature chimpanzees and 31 adult chimpanzees of the Kanyawara community in Kibale National Park, Uganda. Specifically, we examined milestones of nutritional independence (first consumption of solid food and cessation of suckling) as well as developmental changes in feeding time, diet composition, diet breadth, and ingestion rates.ResultsChimpanzees first fed on solid food at 5.1 months and, on average, suckled until 4.8 years. Daily feeding time of immature individuals reached adult levels between 4 and 6 years, while diet composition showed minor changes with age. By juvenility (5–10 years), individuals had a complete adult diet breadth. Ingestion rates for five ripe fruit species remained below adult levels until juvenility but continued to show absolute increases into adolescence.DiscussionChimpanzees acquired adult‐like patterns on all feeding measures by infancy or juvenility. These data are inconsistent with the needing‐to‐learn hypothesis; moreover, where delays exist, alternatives hypotheses make similar predictions but implicate physical constraints rather than learning as causal factors. We outline predictions for how future studies might distinguish between hypotheses for the evolution of extended juvenility.
CranFlow: An Application for Record‐Taking and Management Through the Brazilian Database on Craniofacial Anomalies
Authors: Volpe‐Aquino Roberta M. , Monlleó Isabella L. , Lustosa‐Mendes Elaine , Mora Amanda F. , Fett‐Conte Agnes C. , Félix Têmis M. , Xavier Ana C. , Tonocchi Rita , Ribeiro Erlane M. , Pereira Rui , Boy da Silva Raquel T. , de Rezende Adriana A. , Cavalcanti Denise P. , Gil‐da‐Silva‐Lopes Vera L. 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundThe World Health Organization has recognized the relevance of databases on craniofacial anomalies since . To date, there is no universal standard instrument/database focused on risk factors, clinical and genetic data collection, and follow‐up that enables comparison between different populations and genotype–phenotype correlation. Although studies have shown that specific genes would impact outcomes, knowledge is not sufficient to subsidize cost‐effectiveness strategies for diagnosis, surgical decision, and a multi‐professional approach toward personalized medicine.MethodsBased on a clinical genetic approach, a Web‐based application named CranFlow—Craniofacial Anomalies: Registration, Flow, and Management has been developed. It prospectively collects clinical and genetic information for the Brazilian Database on Craniofacial Anomalies (syndromic and nonsyndromic orofacial cleft, 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, and other craniofacial related disorders). A comprehensive list of CranFlow's features is provided.ResultsWe present preliminary results on 1546 cases already recorded and followed, which allows recognizing 10% of diagnosis changes.ConclusionThe identification of risk factors, consistent genetic approach associated with clinical data and follow‐up result in valuable information to develop and improve personalized treatment and studies on genotype–phenotype correlation. Adoption of CranFlow in different clinical services may support comparison between populations. This application has the potential to contribute to improvements in healthcare, quality of services, clinical and surgical outcomes, and the standard of living of individuals with craniofacial anomalies. Birth Defects Research 110:72–80, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Photocatalyst‐free, Visible Light Driven, Gold Promoted Suzuki Synthesis of (Hetero)biaryls
Authors: Sauer Christopher , Liu Yang , De Nisi Assunta , Protti Stefano , Fagnoni Maurizio , Bandini Marco 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA visible‐light driven Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction was performed with colored and bench‐stable arylazosulfones in the presence of Ph3PAuCl (5 mol %) as the catalyst. The absence of a photocatalyst, along with the use of commercially available and easy‐to‐handle arylboronic acids underline the novelty and synthetic usefulness of the protocol. A reaction mechanism involving the generation of an aryl radical as the key intermediate has been proposed on the basis of experimental investigations.
In Situ Antisolvent Approach to Hydrangea‐like HCo3O4‐NC@CoNi‐LDH Core@Shell Superstructures for Highly Efficient Water Electrolysis
Authors: Zhang Hao , Tong Yinlin , Xu Jiaying , Lu Qingyi , Gao Feng 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHighly active, durable, and cost‐effective electrocatalysts for water oxidation are at the center of renewable energy technologies. However, the development of water oxidation catalysts with high activity at low cost remains a great challenge. Herein, an in situ antisolvent approach is reported for synthesizing ultrathin Co–Ni layered double hydroxide (CoNi‐LDH) nanosheets wrapped on hollow Co3O4 nanoparticle‐embedded nitrogen‐doped carbon (HCo3O4‐NC) as a high‐performance catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Although HCo3O4‐NC or NiCo‐LDH alone has little OER activity, their hybrid exhibits low overpotential and Tafel slope as well as high stability, due to the synergistic effect of Co3O4 and LDH. Furthermore, the hydrangea‐like HCo3O4‐NC@NiCo‐LDH core@shell composite exhibits higher catalytic activity and stability than commercial IrO2, which makes it a high‐performance nonprecious‐metal‐based catalyst for OER.
Chiral Inactivation: An Old Phenomenon with a New Twist
Authors: Raskatov Jevgenij A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMixing of enantiomers of chiral molecules can have remarkable effects on the properties of their higher order assemblies. This, in turn, may have profound impact on both structural and functional outcomes, and has been noted across a wide range of contexts. This account presents key examples from organic, organometallic and bioorganic molecular sciences and showcases that, in disciplines as distinct as asymmetric catalysis and racemic protein crystallography, there is a fundamental way in which enantiomers differ from racemates.
Separation Curves of Screening and Air Classifying Processes at Low Material Loadings
Authors: Spötter Christian , Elskamp Frederik , Hennig Manuel , Teipel Ulrich , Weber Alfred P. , Kruggel‐Emden Harald 
Published: September 2017

AbstractZur Abtrennung unterschiedlich großer Partikeln sind in der Feststoffverfahrenstechnik trockene Klassierprozesse zur Herstellung enger Fraktionen von großer Bedeutung. Um das Trennverhalten von Strömungs‐ und Siebklassierprozessen genauer vorhersagen zu können, wurden experimentelle Resultate mit DEM‐Simulationen verglichen. Bei der Siebklassierung wurde der Einfluss der Partikelform auf den Trennprozess betrachtet, während das Partikelverhalten zwischen den Schaufeln eines Abweiseradsichters mit DEM simuliert wurde. Die Kombination aus DEM und Experiment ermöglicht es, Modellvorhersagen durch Ermittlung prozessspezifischer Parameter zu verbessern und Klassiermodelle abzuleiten, die in dynamischen Feststofffließschemasimulationen verwendet werden.
Human papillomavirus 16 E6 antibodies are sensitive for human papillomavirus–driven oropharyngeal cancer and are associated with recurrence
Authors: Lang Kuhs Krystle A. , Kreimer Aimée R. , Trivedi Sumita , Holzinger Dana , Pawlita Michael , Pfeiffer Ruth M. , Gibson Sandra P. , Schmitt Nicole C. , Hildesheim Allan , Waterboer Tim , Ferris Robert L. 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUNDHuman papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) E6 antibodies may be an early marker of the diagnosis and recurrence of human papillomavirus–driven oropharyngeal cancer (HPV‐OPC).METHODSThis study identified 161 incident oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) cases diagnosed at the University of Pittsburgh (2003‐2013) with pretreatment serum. One hundred twelve had preexisting clinical HPV testing with p16 immunohistochemistry and HPV in situ hybridization (87 were dual‐positive [HPV‐OPC], and 25 were dual‐negative [HPV‐negative]); 62 had at least 1 posttreatment serum sample. Eighty‐six of the 161 tumors were available for additional HPV16 DNA/RNA testing (45 were dual‐positive [HPV16–OPC], and 19 were dual‐negative [HPV16–negative). HPV16 E6 antibody testing was conducted with multiplex serology. The following were evaluated: 1) the sensitivity and specificity of HPV16 E6 serology for distinguishing HPV‐OPC and HPV16–OPC from HPV‐negative OPC, 2) HPV16 E6 antibody decay after treatment with linear models accommodating correlations in variance estimates, and 3) pre‐ and posttreatment HPV16 E6 levels and the risk of recurrence with Cox proportional hazards models.RESULTSSeventy‐eight of 87 HPV‐OPCs were HPV16 E6–seropositive (sensitivity, 89.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 81.3%‐95.2%), and 24 of 25 HPV‐negative OPCs were HPV16 E6–seronegative (specificity, 96.0%; 95% CI, 79.6%‐99.9%). Forty‐two of 45 HPV16–OPCs were HPV16 E6–seropositive (sensitivity, 93.3%; 95% CI, 81.7%‐98.6%), and 18 of 19 HPV16–negative OPCs were HPV16 E6–seronegative (specificity, 94.7%; 95% CI, 74.0%‐99.9%). Posttreatment HPV16 E6 antibody levels did not decrease significantly from the baseline (P = .575; median follow‐up, 307 days) and were not associated with the risk of recurrence. However, pretreatment HPV16 E6 seropositivity was associated with an 86% reduced risk of local/regional recurrence (hazard ratio, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.03‐0.68; P = .015).CONCLUSIONSHPV16 E6 antibodies may have potential clinical utility for the diagnosis and/or prognosis of HPV‐OPC. Cancer 2017;123:4382‐90. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Intelligent Fluorescence Probe with Turn‐on Properties By a “See‐Saw” Balance of Visible and Near‐infrared Fluorescence
Authors: Jing Titao , Wu Ziye , Ruan Zheng , Li Tuanwei , Jiang Jun , Yan Lifeng 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBioimaging requires probes for tracing, especially in the near‐infrared (NIR) region. Herein, A Schiff base dye conjugated with both pyrene and a cyanine (cy7) NIR fluorophores has been synthesized, which showed a novel “see‐saw” fluorescent performance via the combination of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) and aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ). The new dye is always switched on in terms of fluorescence by the “see‐saw” balance of the visible and NIR fluorescence. The system is fluorescent in the visible region when it is it is its aggregated state as a result of AIE while it emits NIR fluorescence in the single molecule state. The as‐prepared dye has many potential applications, especially in the field of bioimaging, which was confirmed by in vitro cell experiments.