bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shanghai flora: the politics of urban greening in Maoist China
Authors: LU HANCHAO 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT:Verdurization (lühua), a term coined in Japan and adopted into the Chinese vocabulary in the early twentieth century, was an emotive concept and relentless practice in Mao's China. The Chinese state used various verdurization campaigns as part of its project of building a socialist state and as a way of exercising ideological control, particularly in cities. At the same time, ordinary citizens had their own ideas about the role of vegetation in their daily lives – ideas that were often different from, and sometimes counter to, those of the state. The article takes Shanghai as a case-study to examine the politics of urban greening along the spectrum of state, society and everyday life in the early years of the People's Republic.
Dentists’ opinions on knowledge, attitudes and barriers in providing oral health care to older people living independently in the Netherlands and Flanders (Belgium)
Authors: Bots-VantSpijker P C , Bruers J J M , Bots C P , De Visschere L M J , Schols J M G A 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Objectives:
The aim of this study was to investigate how dentists in the Netherlands and Flanders assessed their knowledge on oral health care to older people, what their attitude was and what barriers they experienced in rendering care to older people.

Methods:
The survey data was collected from a random sample of Dutch and Flemish dentists. Five hundred ninety-five dentists (37%) of the Dutch sample and 494 dentists of the Flemish sample (41%) completed the online questionnaire. Dentists were asked to respond to 15 Likert type items, representing opinions on provision of oral health care to older people and to give information about the number of older patients treated and about some profession-specific and personal characteristics.

Results:
The average number of patients treated per week was nearly twice as high in the Netherlands as in Flanders. Nevertheless, differences of opinions between dentists in the Netherlands and Flanders were relatively limited.

Conclusions:
This survey shows that in particular the actual number of older patients treated appears to be related with differences of opinions between Dutch and Flemish dentists about oral health care provided to (vulnerable) older people who live at home.
Detection of de novo single nucleotide variants in offspring of atomic-bomb survivors close to the hypocenter by whole-genome sequencing
Authors: Horai Makiko , Mishima Hiroyuki , Hayashida Chisa , Kinoshita Akira , Nakane Yoshibumi , Matsuo Tatsuki , Tsuruda Kazuto , Yanagihara Katsunori , Sato Shinya , Imanishi Daisuke , Imaizumi Yoshitaka , Hata Tomoko , Miyazaki Yasushi , Yoshiura Koh-ichiro 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Ionizing radiation released by the atomic bombs at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, in 1945 caused many long-term illnesses, including increased risks of malignancies such as leukemia and solid tumours. Radiation has demonstrated genetic effects in animal models, leading to concerns over the potential hereditary effects of atomic bomb-related radiation. However, no direct analyses of whole DNA have yet been reported. We therefore investigated de novo variants in offspring of atomic-bomb survivors by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). We collected peripheral blood from three trios, each comprising a father (atomic-bomb survivor with acute radiation symptoms), a non-exposed mother, and their child, none of whom had any past history of haematological disorders. One trio of non-exposed individuals was included as a control. DNA was extracted and the numbers of de novo single nucleotide variants in the children were counted by WGS with sequencing confirmation. Gross structural variants were also analysed. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to the study. There were 62, 81, and 42 de novo single nucleotide variants in the children of atomic-bomb survivors, compared with 48 in the control trio. There were no gross structural variants in any trio. These findings are in accord with previously published results that also showed no significant genetic effects of atomic-bomb radiation on second-generation survivors.
Functional characterization of a novel somatic oncogenic mutation of PIK3CB
Authors: Whale Andrew D , Colman Lucy , Lensun Letitia , Rogers Helen L , Shuttleworth Stephen J 
Published: December 2017

AbstractClass I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) enzymes have attracted considerable attention as drug targets in cancer therapy over the last 20 years. The signaling pathway triggered by class I PI3Ks is dysregulated in a range of tumor types, impacting cell proliferation, survival and apoptosis. Frequent oncogenic mutations of PIK3CA have previously been discovered. In contrast, reports of PIK3CB mutations have been limited; however, in most cases, those that have been identified have been shown to be activating and oncogenic. The functional characterization of a PIK3CB catalytic domain mutant, p110βE1051K, first discovered by others in castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), is outlined in this report; our data suggest that p110βE1051K is a gain-of-function mutation, driving PI3K signaling, tumorigenic cell growth and migration. Tumor cells expressing p110βE1051K are sensitive to p110β inhibition; its characterization as an oncogenic driver adds to the rationale for targeting p110β and indicates a continuing need to further develop specific PI3K inhibitors for clinical development in cancer therapy.
The jets of AGN as giant coaxial cables
Authors: Gabuzda Denise C. , Nagle Matt , Roche Naomi 
Published: December 2017

Context. The currents carried by the jets of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) can be probed using maps of the Faraday rotation measure (RM), since a jet current will be accompanied by a toroidal magnetic field, which will give rise to a systematic change in the RM across the jet.
Aims. The aim of this study is to identify new AGNs displaying statistically significant transverse RM gradients across their parsec-scale jets, in order to determine how often helical magnetic fields occur in AGN jets, and to look for overall patterns in the implied directions for the toroidal field components and jet currents.
Methods. We have carried out new analyses of Faraday RM maps derived from previously published 8.1, 8.4, 12.1 and 15.3 GHz data obtained in 2006 on the NRAO Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA). In a number of key ways, our procedures were identical to those of the original authors, but the new imaging and analysis differs from the original methods in several ways: the technique used to match the resolutions at the different frequencies, limits on the widths spanned by the RM gradients analyzed, treatment of core-region RM gradients, approach to estimation of the significances of the gradients analyzed, and inclusion of a supplementary analysis using circular beams with areas equal to those of the corresponding elliptical naturally weighted beams.
Results. This new analysis has substantially increased the number of AGNs known to display transverse RM gradients that may reflect the presence of a toroidal magnetic-field component. The collected data on parsec and kiloparsec scales indicate that the current typically flows inward along the jet axis and outward in a more extended region surrounding the jet, typical to the current structure of a co-axial cable, accompanied by a self-consistent system of nested helical magnetic fields, whose toroidal components give rise to the observed transverse Faraday rotation gradients.
Conclusions. The new results presented here make it possible for the first time to conclusively demonstrate the existence of a preferred direction for the toroidal magnetic-field components – and therefore of the currents – of AGN jets. Discerning the origin of this current-field system is of cardinal importance for understanding the physical mechanisms leading to the formation of the intrinsic jet magnetic field, which likely plays an important role in the propagation and collimation of the jets; one possibility is the action of a “cosmic battery”.
Sex Matters in Neuroinfectious Diseases
Authors: Chow Felicia 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAlthough sex and gender have a major impact on the susceptibility and immunologic response to infectious diseases, these factors are often neglected. Identifying the mechanisms underlying sex-based differences in infectious diseases will facilitate the rational design and implementation of preventive and therapeutic strategies that reduce risk and improve outcomes for women and men. In this article, we discuss two examples in neuroinfectious diseases of how sex matters: (1) the heightened risk of cerebrovascular disease in women living with HIV infection and (2) the implications of Zika virus infection on sexual and reproductive health and vaccine development for women.
Timing, Management, and Outcomes of Liver Transplantation in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Authors: Levy Cynthia , Martin Eric 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPrimary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic, immune-mediated cholestatic liver disease that often progresses to secondary biliary cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease. Short of liver transplantation (LT), there is no effective treatment for PSC. PSC accounts for approximately 5% of total adult LTs in the US and is currently the fifth most common indication for LT. Patient and graft survival for PSC is among the highest for all indications for LT. The main factors that impact outcomes after LT for PSC include biliary strictures, rejection, and recurrence of PSC. Recurrent PSC (rPSC) develops in 20% of LT recipients within 5 years of LT and is associated with negative patient and graft survival. LT is a viable option for recipients who develop rPSC and progress to graft failure.
Treatment of Pisotriquetral Arthritis by Pyrocarbon Interposition Arthroplasty
Authors: Aribert Marion , Choughri Hussein , Leroy Marc , Gaisne Etienne , Bellemère Philippe 
Published: December 2017

Purpose Pisiformectomy is the baseline treatment for pisotriquetral arthritis when medical treatment fails to address the problem. This operation may lead to loss of mobility and strength in the wrist. This study reports the short-term outcomes of a new technique for treating pisotriquetral arthritis using a pisotriquetral interposition arthroplasty with a pyrocarbon implant.
Patients and Methods We performed a clinical and radiographic study on a series of eight patients who received this treatment at a mean follow-up of 2.8 years. We also studied the mobility of the implant and did assessed articular instability using dynamic radiology and fluoroscopy.
Results We observed one proximal dislocation of the implant in one hand which was reoperated to reposition the implant and strengthen the capsule. All patients were satisfied or very satisfied with their operation and had an average functional recovery period of 1.6 months. At the last follow-up, the Mayo Wrist Score (MWS), Quick Disability of Arm Shoulder and Hand (QDASH), and Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) scores were 89, 18, and 20, respectively. Postoperatively, there was a 22% improvement in the grip strength of the wrists as well as improved mobility, mainly as regards the radioulnar deviation (47% improvement) and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain scores decreased from 8 preoperatively to 2 at the latest follow-up. The functional radiologic and fluoroscopic study reported good adaptive mobility of the implant in all the patients, without any indication of pisotriquetral joint instability.
Conclusion The short-term results of pisotriquetral arthroplasty using the Pyrocardan implant are encouraging. This new surgical solution appears to be a valid alternative to pisiformectomy or pisotriquetral arthrodesis. Long-term studies are required to confirm these preliminary findings.
Low-Dose Intravenous Paracetamol for Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Indomethacin-Resistant or Contraindicated Preterm Infants: Three Cases Reports
Authors: Matsumura Shun , Oshima Ayumi , Fujinuma Sumie , Tanaka Kosuke , Nagano Nobuhiko , Miyake Fuyu , Masutani Satoshi , Tamura Masanori , Ueda Keiko , Namba Fumihiko 
Published: December 2017

Background Although indomethacin (IND) is the standard treatment for hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) in Japan, it may be associated with renal impairment and gastrointestinal complications. The use of paracetamol for hsPDA closure has recently increased. Unlike IND, paracetamol does not have a peripheral vasoconstrictive effect and can be given to infants with contraindications to IND. Based on limited data available from randomized trials, paracetamol and IND seem to have similar effects. However, there have been no reports of the use of paracetamol for hsPDA in Japan.
Cases Our drug administration protocol was approved by the institutional ethics committee after purchasing a clinical trial insurance. In three premature infants in whom IND was contraindicated or ineffective, a 7.5 mg/kg of paracetamol was intravenously administered every 6 hour for 3 days after obtaining parental consents. A temporary hsPDA closure was observed in two of the three infants. However, all three infants eventually needed surgical closure. No side effects, such as hepatic and renal dysfunctions, and adverse events were reported.
Conclusion The intravenous administration of paracetamol was safe and feasible in premature infants with hsPDA. Future clinical trials with optimized dose and timing of administration are needed.
Patients with Revision Modern Megaprostheses of the Distal Femur Have Improved Disease-Specific and Health-Related Outcomes Compared to Those with Primary Replacements
Authors: Heyberger Clémence , Auberger Guillaume , Babinet Antoine , Anract Philippe , Biau David 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe asked whether there would be any difference between primary and revision modern cemented fixed hinge megaprosthesis of the distal femur in function and activity-related outcomes following treatment of a bone tumor. An identical custom-made fixed hinge cemented megaprosthesis with a hydroxyapatite collar was used in all cases. The main outcomes were joint-specific function, disease-specific activity, and health-related quality of life. Implant survival was also evaluated. Patients in the revision group performed slightly better than patients in the primary group on disease-specific (Toronto Extremity Salvage Score, p = 0.033; Musculoskeletal Tumor Society, p = 0.072) and health-related outcomes (Short Form 36 [SF-36] physical component, p = 0.085; SF-36 mental component, p = 0.069) but not on joint-specific outcomes (Knee Society Score, p = 0.94). The cumulative probabilities of revision for any reason were 14.5% (7–25%) at 5 years with no statistically significant difference between primary and revision procedures (p = 0.77). In conclusion, patients undergoing a revision have similar joint-specific functional outcome but improved disease-specific and health-related outcomes. Implant survival are similar between groups.
Neuromuskuloskeletale Untersuchung und Behandlung bei funktioneller Dysphonie
Authors: Voith Christian , von Piekartz Harry 
Published: December 2017

ZusammenfassungDie funktionelle Dysphonie (FD) präsentiert sich klinisch mit ventralen Halsschmerzen, Heiserkeit und Stimmstörungen. Organisch liegt kein
pathologischer Befund vor, aber möglicherweise spielen laryngeale Strukturen, die Muskulatur und neurale Ansteuerung eine ursächliche Rolle.
Die FD wird zwar primär von Logopäden und Sprachtherapeuten behandelt, aber spezialisierte Manualtherapeuten können wesentlich dazu
beitragen, dass die Therapie erfolgreich verläuft.
Serum 1,5-Anhydroglucitol Concentrations Remain Valid as a Glycemic Control Marker In Diabetes with Earlier Chronic Kidney Disease Stages
Authors: Bai Yuanyuan , Yang Ruihua , Song Yanan , Wang Yuhuan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Purpose To investigate the reliability of 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) in diabetes with mild or moderate renal dysfunction.
Methods 668 patients diagnosed with diabetes as DM group and 336 healthy controls as non-DM group were enrolled in this study. DM group was divided into four groups according to estimated glomerular ﬁltration rate (eGFR). Serum concentrations of 1,5-AG, fructosamine (FMN) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were assayed via the enzymatic method, the nitro reduction four nitrogen thiazole blue test,high performance liquid chromatography respectively.
Results In diabetic Patients with eGFR≥30 mL/min, significant negative association still existed between logarithmic transformed 1,5-AG values (ln1,5-AG) and HbA1c (all P<0.001) as well as fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (all P<0.05). Besides, eGFR was not one of the determinants of 1,5-AG levels in both DM group (standard β=−0.049, P=0.383 ) and healthy controls (r=-0.095, P=0.084 ). Stepwise multiple linear regression showed that serum uric acid (UA) is one of the influencing factors of 1,5-AG (standard β=0.119, P=0.015) and among the three glycemic markers, only HbA1c was found to be correlated with the homeostasis model assessment for b-cell function (HOMA-β) (standard β=0.097, P=0.012).
Conclusions 1,5-AG values remain reliable as a glycemic control marker In diabetes with mild or moderate dysfunction. Serum UA was significantly and positively correlated with 1,5-AG levels. HbA1c may be a good biomarker for insulin resistance compared with 1,5-AG and FMN.
Early removal of biflanged metal stents in the management of pancreatic walled-off necrosis: a prospective study
Authors: Dhir Vinay , Adler Douglas , Dalal Ankit , Aherrao Nitin , Shah Rahul , Maydeo Amit 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims Dedicated stents placed under endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guidance have shown promise for the management of pancreatic walled-off necrosis (WON). A long duration of stent placement may increase the risk of adverse events. We prospectively evaluated the effects of (i) early removal of biflanged metal stents (BFMSs) and (ii) additional stenting of the pancreatic duct with plastic stents in patients with ductal leaks, on the risk of WON recurrence.
Patients and methods Symptomatic patients with pancreatic WON underwent EUS-guided BFMS placement, followed by necrosectomy, when required, from Day 3. A 5 Fr plastic stent was placed in patients with ductal leak. BFMS was removed when the WON cavity had collapsed completely. Patients were followed up at 3-month intervals.
Results BFMS placement was successful in all 88 patients. A total of 64 patients (72.7 %) underwent necrosectomy (median 3 sessions). All BFMSs were removed at a median of 3.5 weeks (range 3 – 17 weeks). Ductal disconnection and leak occurred in 53/87 (60.9 %) and 61/87 (70.1 %) patients, respectively. A 5 Fr stent was placed in 56/61 patients (91.8 %) with ductal leak. Overall, 22 patients (25.0 %) had adverse events (17 mild, 1 moderate, 3 severe, 1 fatal). Recurrence was noted in 8/88 (9.1 %) at a median follow-up of 22 months. The recurrence rate was higher in patients with ductal disconnection than in those without (13.2 % vs. 2.9 %; P = 0.08), and was similar in patients with vs. without pancreatic duct stenting (7.1 % vs. 12.9 %; P = 0.44). Seven recurrences (87.5 %) partially regressed on follow-up and did not require therapy; in one case, drainage with a plastic stent was performed.
Conclusions Short-term BFMS placement is an effective therapy for pancreatic WON. The majority of recurrences developed in patients with ductal disconnection and did not require therapy. Additional pancreatic duct stents probably do not influence the recurrence rate.
How to master the host immune system?Leishmaniaparasites have the solutions!
Authors: Rossi Matteo , Fasel Nicolas 
Published: December 2017

AbstractInfection by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania results in the development of leishmaniasis, an increasingly prevalent group of diseases affecting over 12 million people worldwide. Leishmaniasis can have very different outcomes ranging from cutaneous lesions, mucosal lesions to visceralization depending on the species of the infecting parasite and on the immune response developed by the host. As an obligate intracellular parasite, residing within macrophages, Leishmania evolved in strict contact with the host immune system, developing different mechanisms to evade or modulate the immune response. Various types of immune responses are observed during different Leishmania spp. infections, resulting in parasite clearance but also contributing to the pathogenesis, thus increasing the complexity of the course of the disease. Interestingly, depending on the type of leishmaniasis developed, opposite treatment strategies, which either boost or inhibit the inflammatory response, have shown efficacy. In this review, we summarize the contribution of different immune cell types to the development of the anti-leishmanial immune response and the parasite strategies to evade and modulate host immunity. Further, we discuss the involvement of co-infecting pathogens in the determination of the outcome of leishmaniasis and on the effectiveness of treatment and the implication of the immune response for treatment and vaccine development.
The Marine Chronometers at Greenwich
Authors: Betts Jonathan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The catalogue entries are the central core of this book and form the official published record of the collection of marine chronometers at Royal Museums Greenwich. Every entry includes highly detailed data on that instrument, including prose descriptions of the box, the dial, the main movement and the escapement, balance and jewelling. A commentary then interprets the descriptions if necessary, and a history section records all the known facts about the life of the instrument. A tabulated technical section completes the entry with extensive numerical and dimensional data on the movement. Preceding the first entry for an instrument by a given maker, is a biographical section material on that particular maker. All entries are illustrated with at least two photographs, some many more, and may include explanatory line drawings where there are details of particular interest.
Factors Influencing the Overall Satisfaction in Patients With Severe Brain Injury With Physiotherapy Services During Inpatient Rehabilitation
Authors: Leung Joan , Fereday Sarah , Sticpewich Bridget , Stroud Katarina 
Published: December 2017

Objective:
To determine what influences the satisfaction of rehabilitation inpatients and their relatives with physiotherapy after severe traumatic brain injury.

Design:
A prospective purpose-designed survey of consecutive eligible patients discharged from a metropolitan brain injury unit.

Participants:
A total of 65 patients with severe traumatic brain injury and 32 relatives.

Results:
The vast majority of patients (99%) and relatives (97%) reported being “satisfied” or “highly satisfied” with the service. Patients' overall satisfaction was influenced by the extent of actual and perceived improvement, satisfaction with certain aspects of service delivery, and quality of interaction with physiotherapy staff. Satisfaction with the amount of therapy was the key determinant for patients' overall satisfaction, whereas relatives' overall satisfaction was influenced primarily by how well they felt they were listened to by physiotherapy staff.

Conclusion:
The high satisfaction of the patients and relatives suggests that our brain injury unit provides physiotherapy that meets their expectations. Promoting recovery, providing high-quality care, and ensuring good interaction are ways to maintain high satisfaction of patients and relatives with the service. In addition, staff may have to pay particular attention to patients' satisfaction with the amount of therapy and ensure that relatives' needs are listened to.