bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activity induces traveling waves, vortices and spatiotemporal chaos in a model actomyosin layer
Authors: Ramaswamy Rajesh , Jülicher Frank 
Published: February 2016

AbstractInspired by the actomyosin cortex in biological cells, we investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of a model describing a contractile active polar fluid sandwiched between two external media. The external media impose frictional forces at the interface with the active fluid. The fluid is driven by a spatially-homogeneous activity measuring the strength of the active stress that is generated by processes consuming a chemical fuel. We observe that as the activity is increased over two orders of magnitude the active polar fluid first shows spontaneous flow transition followed by transition to oscillatory dynamics with traveling waves and traveling vortices in the flow field. In the flow-tumbling regime, the active polar fluid also shows transition to spatiotemporal chaos at sufficiently large activities. These results demonstrate that level of activity alone can be used to tune the operating point of actomyosin layers with qualitatively different spatiotemporal dynamics.
Feminization and masculinization of western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) observed in rivers impacted by municipal wastewaters
Authors: Huang Guo-Yong , Liu You-Sheng , Chen Xiao-Wen , Liang Yan-Qiu , Liu Shuang-Shuang , Yang Yuan-Yuan , Hu Li-Xin , Shi Wen-Jun , Tian Fei , Zhao Jian-Liang , Chen Jun , Ying Guang-Guo 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMunicipal wastewaters have been known to contain various estrogens and androgens. Little is known about the joint action of these chemicals from wastewaters on fishes in the aquatic environment. The objectives of this study were to investigate the estrogenic and/or androgenic effects in wild mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) of two effluent-impacted rivers in South China by determining morphological changes and hepatic mRNA expression levels of relevant genes such as vitellogenin (Vtg), estrogen receptor (ERα) and androgen receptors (ARα and ARβ) and to assess the linkages of those morphological changes and hepatic mRNA expression levels to the chemical concentrations measured by in vitro bioassays and chemical analysis. The results showed a significant induction of Vtg and ERα mRNA in the livers of the males and a gonopodium-like anal fin in the females collected at the majority of sites. Redundancy analysis and Pearson correlation analysis showed that the chemical concentrations obtained by in vitro bioassays and chemical analysis had significant correlations with some of the endpoints for the estrogenic and/or androgenic effects in mosquitofish. The findings from this study indicate that the estrogens and androgens present in the two rivers could cause the observed estrogenic and androgenic effects in mosquitofish.
Extracellular microcystin prediction based on toxigenic Microcystis detection in a eutrophic lake
Authors: Dong Xin , Zeng Siyu , Bai Fei , Li Dan , He Miao 
Published: February 2016

AbstractExisting models for predicting microcystin concentration in water body generally use chlorophyll or cyanobacteria concentration as input variables, although microcystins only originate from toxigenic strains of a few species. Moreover, the nonconcurrency between harmful algal growth and toxin release has yet to be quantified. Therefore, this study explored a new prediction method that considers these toxin production mechanisms for the eutrophic Yangcheng Lake, a large-scale drinking water source in China. The Lake was monitored weekly at six sampling sites from July to October in 2012, including the detection of toxigenic Microcystis (expressed as mcyA copy number) by qPCR. Compared with chlorophyll a, cyanobacteria, and total Microcystis abundance, toxigenic Microcystis concentration was more significant in predicting extracellular microcystin. Site-specific nonlinear regression models that link mcyA to microcystins were established. Parameters for toxin release delay (i.e., one or two weeks) were embedded in these models. Further analysis ascribed the different release timescale to NH3-N:TN and TN:TP ratios of approximately 0.015 and 9.2, respectively, which may decrease the delay in microcystin release. Model applications in determining mcyA monitoring frequency and its warning thresholds were discussed.
Methyl jasmonate induction of tanshinone biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots is mediated by JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN repressor proteins
Authors: Shi Min , Zhou Wei , Zhang Jianlin , Huang Shengxiong , Wang Huizhong , Kai Guoyin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractJasmonic acid (JA) is an important plant hormone involved in regulation of many aspects of plant growth and development including secondary metabolism and JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins are key components in JA signal processes. In this study, two new JAZ genes named SmJAZ3 and SmJAZ9 were cloned from S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots and characterized. Expression profiles under methyl jasmonate (MJ) treatment revealed that SmJAZ3 and SmJAZ9 were both MJ-responsive. Subcellular localization assay showed that SmJAZ3 was located in nucleus while SmJAZ9 was preferentially in nucleus. Expression of SmJAZ3 and SmJAZ9 in S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots differently affected the production of tanshinone. Over-expression of SmJAZ3 or SmJAZ9 in hairy roots produced lower level of tanshinone compared with the control, tanshinone production was as low as 0.077 mg/g DW in line SmJAZ3-3 and 0.266 mg/g DW in line SmJAZ9-22. Whereas, down-regulation of SmJAZs enhanced tanshione production, the content of tanshinone increased to 2.48 fold in anti-SmJAZ3-3 line and 1.35-fold in anti-SmJAZ9-23 line. Our work indicated that SmJAZ3 and SmJAZ9 are involved in regulation of tanshinone biosynthesis and act as repressive transcriptional regulators in the JA signaling pathway, which paves the way to further dissect molecular mechanism in details in the future.
Representation of economic preferences in the structure and function of the amygdala and prefrontal cortex
Authors: Fermin Alan S. R. , Sakagami Masamichi , Kiyonari Toko , Li Yang , Matsumoto Yoshie , Yamagishi Toshio 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSocial value orientations (SVOs) are economic preferences for the distribution of resources – prosocial individuals are more cooperative and egalitarian than are proselfs. Despite the social and economic implications of SVOs, no systematic studies have examined their neural correlates. We investigated the amygdala and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) structures and functions in prosocials and proselfs by functional magnetic resonance imaging and evaluated cooperative behavior in the Prisoner’s Dilemma game. We found for the first time that amygdala volume was larger in prosocials and positively correlated with cooperation, while DLPFC volume was larger in proselfs and negatively correlated with cooperation. Proselfs’ decisions were marked by strong DLPFC and weak amygdala activity and prosocials’ decisions were marked by strong amygdala activity, with the DLPFC signal increasing only in defection. Our findings suggest that proselfs’ decisions are controlled by DLPFC-mediated deliberative processes, while prosocials’ decisions are initially guided by automatic amygdala processes.
Efficacy of covered and bare stent in TIPS for cirrhotic portal hypertension: A single-center randomized trial
Authors: Wang Lei , Xiao Zhibo , Yue Zhendong , Zhao Hongwei , Fan Zhenhua , Zhao Mengfei , He Fuliang , Dai Shan , Qiu Bin , Yao Jiannan , Lin Qiushi , Dong Xiaoqun , Liu Fuquan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe conducted a single-center randomized trial to compare the efficacy of 8 mm Fluency covered stent and bare stent in transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for cirrhotic portal hypertension. From January 2006 to December 2010, the covered (experimental group) or bare stent (control group) was used in 131 and 127 patients, respectively. The recurrence rates of gastrointestinal bleeding (18.3% vs. 33.9%, P = 0.004) and refractory hydrothorax/ascites (6.9% vs. 16.5%, P = 0.019) in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The cumulative restenosis rates in 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5-years in the experimental group (6.9%, 11.5%, 19.1%, 26.0% and 35.9%, respectively) were significantly lower (P < 0.001) than those in the control group (27.6%, 37.0%, 49.6%, 59.8%, 74.8%, respectively). Importantly, the 4 and 5-year survival rates in the experimental group (83.2% and 76.3%, respectively) were significantly higher (P = 0.001 and 0.02) than those in the control group (71.7% and 62.2%, respectively). The rate of secondary interventional therapy in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (20.6% vs. 49.6%; P < 0.001). Therefore, Fluency covered stent has advantages over the bare stent in terms of reducing the restenosis, recurrence and secondary interventional therapy, whereas improving the long-term survival for post-TIPS patients.
Broadband coherent Raman spectroscopy running at 24,000 spectra per second
Authors: Hashimoto Kazuki , Takahashi Megumi , Ideguchi Takuro , Goda Keisuke 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe present a Fourier-transform coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (FT-CARS) spectroscopy technique that achieves broadband CARS measurements at an ultrahigh scan rate of more than 20,000 spectra/s – more than 20 times higher than that of previous broadband coherent Raman scattering spectroscopy techniques. This is made possible by an integration of a FT-CARS system and a rapid-scanning retro-reflective optical path length scanner. To demonstrate the technique’s strength, we use it to perform broadband CARS spectroscopy of the transient mixing dynamics of toluene and benzene in the fingerprint region (200–1500 cm−1) with spectral resolution of 10 cm−1 at a record high scan rate of 24,000 spectra/s. Our rapid-scanning FT-CARS technique holds great promise for studying chemical dynamics and wide-field label-free biomedical imaging.
Comprehensive profiling of lysine acetylproteome analysis reveals diverse functions of lysine acetylation in common wheat
Authors: Zhang Yumei , Song Limin , Liang Wenxing , Mu Ping , Wang Shu , Lin Qi 
Published: February 2016

AbstractLysine acetylation of proteins, a dynamic and reversible post-translational modification, plays a critical regulatory role in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Several researches have been carried out on acetylproteome in plants. However, until now, there have been no data on common wheat, the major cereal crop in the world. In this study, we performed a global acetylproteome analysis of common wheat variety (Triticum aestivum L.), Chinese Spring. In total, 416 lysine modification sites were identified on 277 proteins, which are involved in a wide variety of biological processes. Consistent with previous studies, a large proportion of the acetylated proteins are involved in metabolic process. Interestingly, according to the functional enrichment analysis, 26 acetylated proteins are involved in photosynthesis and Calvin cycle, suggesting an important role of lysine acetylation in these processes. Moreover, protein interaction network analysis reveals that diverse interactions are modulated by protein acetylation. These data represent the first report of acetylome in common wheat and serve as an important resource for exploring the physiological role of lysine acetylation in this organism and likely in all plants.
Optimization of a nanotechnology based antimicrobial platform for food safety applications using Engineered Water Nanostructures (EWNS)
Authors: Pyrgiotakis Georgios , Vedantam Pallavi , Cirenza Caroline , McDevitt James , Eleftheriadou Mary , Leonard Stephen S. , Demokritou Philip 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA chemical free, nanotechnology-based, antimicrobial platform using Engineered Water Nanostructures (EWNS) was recently developed. EWNS have high surface charge, are loaded with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and can interact-with and inactivate an array of microorganisms, including foodborne pathogens. Here, it was demonstrated that their properties during synthesis can be fine tuned and optimized to further enhance their antimicrobial potential. A lab based EWNS platform was developed to enable fine-tuning of EWNS properties by modifying synthesis parameters. Characterization of EWNS properties (charge, size and ROS content) was performed using state-of-the art analytical methods. Further their microbial inactivation potential was evaluated with food related microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Listeria innocua, Mycobacterium parafortuitum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae inoculated onto the surface of organic grape tomatoes. The results presented here indicate that EWNS properties can be fine-tuned during synthesis resulting in a multifold increase of the inactivation efficacy. More specifically, the surface charge quadrupled and the ROS content increased. Microbial removal rates were microorganism dependent and ranged between 1.0 to 3.8 logs after 45 mins of exposure to an EWNS aerosol dose of 40,000 #/cm3.
Correlation between microbiota and growth in Mangrove Killifish (Kryptolebias marmoratus) and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)
Authors: Forberg Torunn , Sjulstad Eli Bjørnø , Bakke Ingrid , Olsen Yngvar , Hagiwara Atsushi , Sakakura Yoshitaka , Vadstein Olav 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe vertebrate gut is host to large communities of bacteria, and one of the beneficial contributions of this commensal gut microbiota is the increased nutritional gain from feed components that the host cannot degrade on its own. Fish larvae of similar age and under the same rearing conditions often diverge with regards to growth. The underlying reasons for this could be differences in genetic background, feeding behavior or digestive capacity. Both feeding behavior and digestion can be influenced by differences in the microbiota. To investigate possible correlations between the size of fish larvae and their gut microbiota, we analyzed the microbiota small and large genetically homogenous killifish and genetically heterogeneous cod larvae by Bray-Curtis Similarity measures of 16S DNA DGGE patterns. A significant difference in richness (p = 0.037) was observed in the gut microbiota of small and large killifish, but the overall gut microbiota was not found to be significantly different (p = 0.13), indicating strong genetic host selection on microbiota composition at the time of sampling. The microbiota of small and large cod larvae was significantly different with regards to evenness and diversity (p = 0.0001), and a strong correlation between microbiota and growth was observed.
A nomogram to predict the probability of axillary lymph node metastasis in early breast cancer patients with positive axillary ultrasound
Authors: Qiu Si-Qi , Zeng Huan-Cheng , Zhang Fan , Chen Cong , Huang Wen-He , Pleijhuis Rick G. , Wu Jun-Dong , van Dam Gooitzen M. , Zhang Guo-Jun 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAmong patients with a preoperative positive axillary ultrasound, around 40% of them are pathologically proved to be free from axillary lymph node (ALN) metastasis. We aimed to develop and validate a model to predict the probability of ALN metastasis as a preoperative tool to support clinical decision-making. Clinicopathological features of 322 early breast cancer patients with positive axillary ultrasound findings were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of ALN metastasis. A model was created from the logistic regression analysis, comprising lymph node transverse diameter, cortex thickness, hilum status, clinical tumour size, histological grade and estrogen receptor and it was subsequently validated in another 234 patients. Coefficient of determination (R2) and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) were calculated to be 0.9375 and 0.864, showing good calibration and discrimination of the model, respectively. The false-negative rates of the model were 0% and 5.3% for the predicted probability cut-off points of 7.1% and 13.8%, respectively. This means that omission of axillary surgery may be safe for patients with a predictive probability of less than 13.8%. After further validation in clinical practice, this model may support increasingly limited surgical approaches to the axilla in breast cancer.
Frequency conversion of structured light
Authors: Steinlechner Fabian , Hermosa Nathaniel , Pruneri Valerio , Torres Juan P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCoherent frequency conversion of structured light, i.e. the ability to manipulate the carrier frequency of a wave front without distorting its spatial phase and intensity profile, provides the opportunity for numerous novel applications in photonic technology and fundamental science. In particular, frequency conversion of spatial modes carrying orbital angular momentum can be exploited in sub-wavelength resolution nano-optics and coherent imaging at a wavelength different from that used to illuminate an object. Moreover, coherent frequency conversion will be crucial for interfacing information stored in the high-dimensional spatial structure of single and entangled photons with various constituents of quantum networks. In this work, we demonstrate frequency conversion of structured light from the near infrared (803 nm) to the visible (527 nm). The conversion scheme is based on sum-frequency generation in a periodically poled lithium niobate crystal pumped with a 1540-nm Gaussian beam. We observe frequency-converted fields that exhibit a high degree of similarity with the input field and verify the coherence of the frequency-conversion process via mode projection measurements with a phase mask and a single-mode fiber. Our results demonstrate the suitability of exploiting the technique for applications in quantum information processing and coherent imaging.
Pyruvate Kinase M2 Activates mTORC1 by Phosphorylating AKT1S1
Authors: He Chang-Liang , Bian Yang-Yang , Xue Yu , Liu Ze-Xian , Zhou Kai-Qiang , Yao Cui-Fang , Lin Yan , Zou Han-Fa , Luo Fang-Xiu , Qu Yuan-Yuan , Zhao Jian-Yuan , Ye Ming-Liang , Zhao Shi-Min , Xu Wei 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn cancer cells, the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) that requires hormonal and nutrient signals for its activation, is constitutively activated. We found that overexpression of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) activates mTORC1 signaling through phosphorylating mTORC1 inhibitor AKT1 substrate 1 (AKT1S1). An unbiased quantitative phosphoproteomic survey identified 974 PKM2 substrates, including serine202 and serine203 (S202/203) of AKT1S1, in the proteome of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Phosphorylation of S202/203 of AKT1S1 by PKM2 released AKT1S1 from raptor and facilitated its binding to 14-3-3, resulted in hormonal- and nutrient-signals independent activation of mTORC1 signaling and led accelerated oncogenic growth and autophagy inhibition in cancer cells. Decreasing S202/203 phosphorylation by TEPP-46 treatment reversed these effects. In RCCs and breast cancers, PKM2 overexpression was correlated with elevated S202/203 phosphorylation, activated mTORC1 and inhibited autophagy. Our results provided the first phosphorylome of PKM2 and revealed a constitutive mTORC1 activating mechanism in cancer cells.
Ultrafast Optical Microscopy of Single Monolayer Molybdenum Disulfide Flakes
Authors: Seo Minah , Yamaguchi Hisato , Mohite Aditya D. , Boubanga-Tombet Stephane , Blancon Jean-Christophe , Najmaei Sina , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Lou Jun , Taylor Antoinette J. , Prasankumar Rohit P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe have performed ultrafast optical microscopy on single flakes of atomically thin CVD-grown molybdenum disulfide, using non-degenerate femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy to excite and probe carriers above and below the indirect and direct band gaps. These measurements reveal the influence of layer thickness on carrier dynamics when probing near the band gap. Furthermore, fluence-dependent measurements indicate that carrier relaxation is primarily influenced by surface-related defect and trap states after above-bandgap photoexcitation. The ability to probe femtosecond carrier dynamics in individual flakes can thus give much insight into light-matter interactions in these two-dimensional nanosystems.
Pharmacological therapies for infantile hemangiomas: A clinical study in 853 consecutive patients using a standard treatment algorithm
Authors: Zhang Ling , Yuan Wei-En , Zheng Jia-Wei 
Published: February 2016

AbstractInfantile hemangiomas are the most common infantile benign vascular tumor. While most infantile hemangiomas proliferate then involute, some may persist and require treatment for reasons including risk of disfigurement or functional impairment. Treatments currently include observation, pharmacological therapy, laser, cryosurgery, surgery and radiotherapy. Although pharmacological therapy is a well accepted treatment option, limited studies have evaluated the efficacy of different drug therapies. In this study, we compare different pharmacological modalities in the management of infantile hemangiomas. The study included 853 infants with proliferative infantile hemangiomas who were treated with topical timolol, oral propranolol, intralesional pingyangmycin, or intravenous vincristine from 2009 to 2012. Treatment stratification was based on clinical severity of the tumor. Response to the treatment was clinically evaluated and graded as: excellent, good, poor, or no response. Response to pharmacological therapies was excellent in almost all infantile hemangiomas. In addition, patients younger than 8 months responded highly to pharmacological treatment (89.1%), while patients older than 8 months were less responsive to treatment (36.3%). There were no instances of life-threatening complications. Overall, these findings support the efficacy of timolol, propranolol, pingyangmycin and vincristine in the treatment of infantile hemangiomas, especially in the youngest patient cohort (8 months or younger).
High‐speed directional protection based on cross correlation of Fourier transform components of voltage and current
Authors: Saleki Ghasem , Samet Haidar , Ghanbari Teymoor 
Published: February 2016

In this study, a new algorithm for directional protection, based on cross correlation of Fourier transform components of voltage and current for each phase is proposed. The fault is detected using k‐nearest neighbour algorithm. By comparing the fifth‐nearest neighbour of each sample with an adaptive threshold, the fault is detected. The adaptive threshold is derived by a moving window with length equal to 1 ms. Using Fourier transform, the fifth sinusoidal component of the measured voltage and current for each phase is extracted. Then the cross correlation of the voltage and current components is calculated. The calculated cross correlation signal is passed through a low‐pass filter. By comparison of the filtered signal with a predefined threshold, fault direction is determined. It is confirmed that the fault direction can be identified in less than 8 ms with high accuracy of nearly 99%. More than 6500 scenarios are considered for different fault conditions to evaluate the proposed method. Furthermore, using some experimental results the proposed method performance is confirmed. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method has high speed, good accuracy, and sensitivity.