bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Disparities in Hydration Status Among US Adults and the Role of Tap Water and Other Beverage Intake
Authors: Brooks Carolyn J. , Gortmaker Steven L. , Long Michael W. , Cradock Angie L. , Kenney Erica L. 
Published: July 2017

Objectives. To evaluate whether differences in tap water and other beverage intake explain differences in inadequate hydration among US adults by race/ethnicity and income. Methods. We estimated the prevalence of inadequate hydration (urine osmolality ≥ 800 mOsm/kg) by race/ethnicity and income of 8258 participants aged 20 to 74 years in the 2009 to 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Using multivariable regression models, we estimated associations between demographic variables, tap water intake, and inadequate hydration. Results. The prevalence of inadequate hydration among US adults was 29.5%. Non-Hispanic Blacks (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.17, 1.76) and Hispanics (AOR = 1.42; 95% CI = 1.21, 1.67) had a higher risk of inadequate hydration than did non-Hispanic Whites. Lower-income adults had a higher risk of inadequate hydration than did higher-income adults (AOR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.04, 1.45). Differences in tap water intake partially attenuated racial/ethnic differences in hydration status. Differences in total beverage and other fluid intake further attenuated sociodemographic disparities. Conclusions. Racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in inadequate hydration among US adults are related to differences in tap water and other beverage intake. Policy action is needed to ensure equitable access to healthy beverages.
Zika and Reproductive Rights in Brazil: Challenge to the Right to Health
Authors: Valente Pablo K. 
Published: July 2017

The Zika virus epidemic rapidly spread across Brazil and Latin America, gaining international attention because of the causal relationship between Zika and birth defects. The high number of cases in Brazil has been attributed to a failure of the state to contain the epidemic and protect the affected people, especially women. Therefore, the public health crisis created by Zika exposed a stark conflict between Brazil’s constitutional right to health and the long-standing violation of reproductive rights in the country. Although health is considered to be a right of all in Brazil, women struggle with barriers to reproductive services and lack of access to safe and legal abortions. In response to the epidemic, women’s rights advocates have filed a lawsuit with Brazil’s supreme court that requires the decriminalization of abortion upon the diagnosis of Zika virus. However, the selective decriminalization of abortion may lead to negative social consequences and further stigmatization of people with disabilities. A solution to the reproductive health crisis in Brazil must reconcile women’s right to choose and the rights of people with disabilities.
Scoliosis Secondary to Dystonia
Authors: Bhandutia Amit K. , Nangunoori Raj , Whiting Donald M. , Sangimino Mark J. 
Published: July 2017

Case:
An adolescent girl presented with an atypical scoliotic curve, pelvic obliquity, back pain, and lower-extremity paresthesias. A workup revealed generalized primary torsion dystonia. The condition was refractory to medical treatment and necessitated implantation of a deep brain stimulator. The scoliosis required operative correction, and the patient underwent posterior spinal arthrodesis with hook-rod instrumentation, which resulted in successful correction through 7 years of follow-up.

Conclusion:
The differential diagnosis for adolescent scoliosis should include dystonia as a potential cause, especially when a patient presents with muscular contractures, an atypical scoliotic curve, pelvic obliquity, or changing curve characteristics.
Percutaneous Nailing and Cementoplasty for Palliative Management of Supra-Acetabular Iliac Wing Metastases
Authors: Laredo Jean-Denis , Mosseri Jonathan , Nizard Rémy 
Published: July 2017

Case:
A 48-year-old woman was unable to walk due to an extensive osteolytic supra-acetabular iliac wing metastatic lymphoma involving the arcuate line. A minimally invasive technique that combined percutaneous nailing of the iliac bone with a customized nail and cementoplasty (intraosseous injection of polymethylmethacrylate) was performed. At the 1-year follow-up, she was able to walk without crutches, and computed tomography (CT) showed a stable iliac bone fixation.

Conclusion:
Osteolytic metastasis is a common cause of bone weakening, especially in load-bearing areas. With osteolytic metastases involving the acetabulum, intraosseous injection of bone cement into the weakened acetabulum may reduce pain and prevent fracture. Nailing combined with cementoplasty may be proposed for extensive destruction of the iliac bone involving the arcuate line to relieve pain and allow for resumed walking.
Southern Phosphorus Indices, Water Quality Data, and Modeling (APEX, APLE, and TBET) Results: A Comparison
Authors: Osmond Deanna , Bolster Carl , Sharpley Andrew , Cabrera Miguel , Feagley Sam , Forsberg Adam , Mitchell Charles , Mylavarapu Rao , Oldham J. Larry , Radcliffe David E. , Ramirez‐Avila John J. , Storm Dan E. , Walker Forbes , Zhang Hailin 
Published: July 2017

Phosphorus (P) Indices in the southern United States frequently produce different recommendations for similar conditions. We compared risk ratings from 12 southern states (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas) using data collected from benchmark sites in the South (Arkansas, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, and Texas). Phosphorus Index ratings were developed using both measured erosion losses from each benchmark site and Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation 2 predictions; mostly, there was no difference in P Index outcome. The derived loss ratings were then compared with measured P loads at the benchmark sites by using equivalent USDA–NRCS P Index ratings and three water quality models (Annual P Loss Estimator [APLE], Agricultural Policy Environmental eXtender [APEX], and Texas Best Management Practice Evaluation Tool [TBET]). Phosphorus indices were finally compared against each other using USDA–NRCS loss ratings model estimate correspondence with USDA–NRCS loss ratings. Correspondence was 61% for APEX, 48% for APLE, and 52% for TBET, with overall P index correspondence at 55%. Additive P Indices (Alabama and Texas) had the lowest USDA–NRCS loss rating correspondence (31%), while the multiplicative (Arkansas, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, and Tennessee) and component (Georgia, Kentucky, and North Carolina) indices had similar USDA–NRCS loss rating correspondence—60 and 64%, respectively. Analysis using Kendall's modified Tau suggested that correlations between measured and calculated P‐loss ratings were similar or better for most P Indices than the models.Core Ideas
Southern region P Indices estimate P losses as well as water quality models.
APLE and TBET P‐loss predictions were more similar than were results from APEX.
Assigning potential P‐loss risk from P Indices to any given water resource is challenging.
Parameterization of Root Water Uptake Models Considering Dynamic Root Distributions and Water Uptake Compensation
Authors: Cai Gaochao , Vanderborght Jan , Couvreur Valentin , Mboh Cho Miltin , Vereecken Harry 
Published: July 2017

Core Ideas
Parameters of different RWU models were optimized using data from a rhizotron facility.
The same soil hydraulic properties were obtained for models considering RWU compensation.
Feddes–Jarvis and Couvreur models predicted similar root‐system‐scale stress functions.
The obtained RWU parameters were consistent with data reported in the literature.
The models with compensation predicted similar total uptake but different local RWU.
The spatiotemporal distribution of root water uptake (RWU) depends on the dynamics of the root distribution and compensatory uptake from wetter regions in the root zone. This work aimed to parameterize three RWU models with different representations of compensation: the Feddes–Jarvis model that uses an empirical function, the Feddes model without compensation, and the Couvreur model that is based on a physical description of water flow in the soil–root system. These models were implemented in HYDRUS‐1D, and soil hydraulic parameters were optimized by inverse modeling using soil water content and potential measurements and observations of root distributions of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in horizontally installed rhizotubes. Soil moisture was equally well predicted by the three models, and the soil hydraulic parameters optimized by the models with compensation were comparable. The obtained RWU parameters of the Feddes–Jarvis model were consistent with data reported in the literature, although the pressure heads h3l and h3h for lower and higher transpirations rates, respectively, could not be uniquely identified. Response surfaces of the objective function showed that the root‐related parameters of the Couvreur model could be identified using inverse modeling. Furthermore, these parameters were consistent with combined root architectural and hydraulic observations from the literature. The Feddes–Jarvis and Couvreur models simulated similar root‐system‐scale stress functions that link total RWU to the effective root zone water potential, suggesting that parameters may be transferable between the two models. Simulated RWU profiles differed due to different water redistribution by the root system, but the measurements were not sufficiently precise to observe this redistribution.
Optimization and Design of Integrated Space Target
Authors: Xue Mingxi 
Published: July 2017

Background & Objective:
The design and optimization of laser detection system based on MEMS (Micro-electro Mechanical Systems) scanning mirror is presented in the paper. According to requirements of application, it adopts the laser module to design the laser driver circuit, and the designed modulation circuit can satisfy the actual needs.

Method:
The designed information processing module is composed of the echo receiving module, signal amplification and filter circuit module, and the synchronous circuit of measuring angle and distance, etc.

Conclusion:
It gives out the distance decoding method and explores the method of capturing echo signal, which can fast and accurately calculate the distance and azimuth information of scanning.
Private Emotions on the Public Stage: The Case of Envy and the American Presidency
Authors: Riccards Michael P. 
Published: July 2017

This paper examines the different expressions of envy as they are manifested in the historical literature on American Presidents. The concept of envy is reviewed with an emphasis on its uncertain origins, its relationships to social learning theory, and psychoanalytical explanations of the emotion. Envy is especially prominent in consumer-oriented competitive societies with discrete youth cultures such as our own. American Presidents often exhibit envy as a result of childhood experiences, their resentment of advantaged people, highly charged professional competition, and their views of history and heroes. Envy is also an important element in expressing social reform and in the uncertain search for justice and equality.
Albert Speer: In Retrospect
Authors: Twining David T. 
Published: July 2017

Albert Speer is frequently viewed the most sympathetically of the twenty-two defendants at the 1945-46 Nuremberg trial, where he acknowledged responsibility for Nazi war crimes and was sentenced to twenty years imprisonment. Speer's efforts at public rehabilitation are contradicted by his clear distinction between responsibility and guilt. By accepting responsibility, while denying guilt, Speer avoided the hangman's noose, thus rationalizing the salient crime of the century the Holocaust. Speer's example stands as a warning for the future that others may similarly reject moral and legal culpability for their involvement in destroying human beings.
Application of a three-step approach for prediction of combustion instabilities in industrial gas turbine burners
Authors: Iurashev Dmytro , Campa Giovanni , Anisimov Vyacheslav V. , Cosatto Ezio , Rofi Luca , Bertolotto Edoardo 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Recently, because of environmental regulations, gas turbine manufacturers are restricted to produce machines that work in the lean combustion regime. Gas turbines operating in this regime are prone to combustion-driven acoustic oscillations referred as combustion instabilities. These oscillations could have such high amplitude that they can damage gas turbine hardware. In this study, the three-step approach for combustion instabilities prediction is applied to an industrial test rig. As the first step, the flame transfer function (FTF) of the burner is obtained performing unsteady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. As the second step, the obtained FTF is approximated with an analytical time-lag-distributed model. The third step is the time-domain simulations using a network model. The obtained results are compared against the experimental data. The obtained results show a good agreement with the experimental ones and the developed approach is able to predict thermoacoustic instabilities in gas turbines combustion chambers.
Why does the undergraduate education in Ecuador fall short to train skills for rural health? A qualitative study
Authors: Sánchez del Hierro Galo 
Published: July 2017

<p><em>Background and Objectives</em></p><p>Since 1970, Ecuador establishes mandatory rural health service as a requirement for licensing work. Medical education is based in the hospital with little contact with rural areas. There is little information on the training and skills needs of recent graduated doctors. The research focuses on the perceptions of rural doctors on obstetric skills needed in rural areas. The aim of our study was to describe how the basic doctor in rural areas addresses training and teaching in obstetric skills needed in rural areas during undergraduate medical education.</p><p><em>Methods</em></p><p>A qualitative research project was performed using focus group discussions involving 23 rural doctors who work in rural and marginal urban areas in Southern Ecuador. We identified themes that came from the data collected in the focus group and we selected those which are of interest for the readers in a detailed analysis. Rural doctors responded the following question: How do you feel with obstetric skills training at the University where you studied? </p><p><em>Results</em></p><p>The majority of participants describe two predominant themes: the undergraduate theoretical teaching process of obstetrical skills and the practice experiences during the clinical attachment. Not all required skills are taught and internalize during undergraduate rotations including internship.</p><p><em>Discussion</em></p><p>There is no definition of the recent graduate profile that determines a standard for medical education. Rural doctors expressed lack of knowledge and practice for the obstetrical skills that they were required to perform. There is an urgent need to identify a baseline undergraduate curriculum that meets the country needs.</p>
Polifarmacia y prescripción inapropiada afectan la calidad de vida del adulto mayor
Authors: Bonifaz Guerrero María Belén 
Published: July 2017

<p>R<strong>esumen: </strong></p><p><strong>Introducción:</strong> Los adultos mayores (AM) son una población heterogénea, en algunos casos con múltiples comorbilidades con las que debe convivir y en otras con un envejecimiento fisiológico normal. Con el cambio demográfico en América Latina, se evidenció un crecimiento paulatino en el índice de envejecimiento de la población, calculándose en el 2010 aproximadamente 59 millones de adultos mayores, para el 2050 se estiman casi 200 millones de personas mayores de 65 años; según la OMS establece que los casos de polifarmacia en el adulto mayor está entre el 5 al 78%, siendo proclives a tener una prescripción inapropiada lo que aumenta el riesgo de interacciones medicamentosas produciéndose varios efectos adversos que van en deterioro de su calidad de vida. </p><p><strong>Objetivo: </strong>Analizar la prescripción inapropiada de medicamentos con el uso de los criterios STOPP-START y los factores de riesgo asociados a la calidad de vida en los adultos mayores de 65 años o más con polifarmacia de los Centro de Salud las Casas y Conocoto de septiembre a noviembre en el año 2016.<strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Metodología:</strong> Se realizó un estudio de corte de asociación entre la prescripción inapropiada (criterios STOPP-START) en los pacientes con polifarmacia y la calidad de vida (cuestionario de Salud SF-12), siendo comparados entre dos Centros de Salud.<strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Resultados:</strong> se encontró que ha mayor número de prescriptores, aumenta el riesgo de mala calidad de vida en los AM con polifarmacia. En el C.S. Las Casas el RR = 1.66, chi 2 = 6,59 con p &lt; 0,05 y C.S. Conocoto el</p><p>RR =1.7, chi 2 = 5,56 con p &lt; 0,05. </p><p><strong>Conclusiones: </strong>La prescripción inapropiada tiene una evidente asociación con la pluripatología y comorbilidades que presentan los AM, además que a mayor número de prescriptores mayor riesgo de mala calidad de vida. En el establecimiento de Salud que presta atención a los adultos mayores con especialidad de Medicina Familiar y que cuentan con el posgrado de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, se evidenció pacientes con polifarmacia con menor riesgo de prescripción inapropiada y por ende menos probabilidad de efectos adversos y mala calidad de vida.<strong> </strong></p>
Design of a real prototype of a hybrid fuel cell suv: Vehicle "Hércules"
Authors: S. Laín  , B. Quintero  , Y. López  
Published: July 2017

An aeromechanical evaluation of large (over 1 Mw of nominal power) Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWT’s) is performed is this paper. The strategy is based on the combination of an aerodynamic module, which provides the three-dimensional pressure distribution on the HAWT’s blades, an a structural module which takes such pressure forces as input data in order to compute both, blade deformation and strain and stress distributions over the blade.
The aerodynamic module combines the three-dimensional non-linear lifting surface theory approach, which provides the effective incident velocity and angle of attack at each blade section, and a two-dimensional panel method for steady axisymmetric flow in order to obtain the 3D pressure distribution on the blade. Such pressure distribution constitutes the input data for the structural module, which is a finite element package whose output is the blade deformation and strain and stress distribution along the blade, as well as material induced fatigue.
This methodology is applied to study a 50 m long blade able to provide a nominal power of 3 Mw.
Performance comparison of different voltage control schemes on distributed generation
Authors: A. R. Di Fazio  , G. Fusco, M. Russo  
Published: July 2017

The installation of Distributed Generation(DG) can have a significant impact on distribution systemvoltage regulation. The effects vary according to the DGdevice: in particular, synchronous generators present voltagecontrol systems which interfere with the voltage regulationof the distribution systems. The paper analyzes two voltagecontrol schemes for synchronous generators connected to MVdistribution systems. They are designed according to differentapproaches: the first one is based on a fixed-parameter PIDregulator whereas the second one employs an adaptive self-tuning technique. With reference to a case study, the twoschemes are compared in terms of dynamic performance anddynamic interaction with distribution system voltage regulation,which is performed by the On-Load Tap Changer (OLTC) ofthe supplying HV/MV transformer.
Dynamic performance comparison of conventional and capacitor commutated converter (CCC) for HVDC transmission system in simulink environment
Authors: J. C. del Pino López  , P. Cruz Romero  
Published: July 2017

Remarkable efforts have been devoted to research activities aiming at studying suitable techniques to achieve the desired reduction of the magnetic fields from transmission and distribution systems, with particular reference to high voltage overhead and buried lines. In this paper, an experimental DSP-based power source prototype designed to supply the precise currents to an active loop mitigation system located near the power line is analyzed. Its composition, current control technique and application on mitigating power lines magnetic field are described.
International review of grid connection requirements related with voltage dips for wind farms
Authors: J. A. Fuentes,  , M. Canas  , A.Molina  , E.Gómez  , F.Jiménez  
Published: July 2017

In this work, the Spanish grid code is comparedto other recently approved —or proposals published or underrevision— international regulations for connection of wind tur-bines to the network. More specifically, it highlights their maincharacteristics.
The sliding voltage control strategy for power peaks bypass
Authors: V. Bršlica  
Published: July 2017

The variable speed generating units have not enough power reserve for rapid load step-up, when they are operated at low speed with partial load. The short time power peaks delivery during the acceleration period must be provided from separate energy store, which can be among others the ultra-capacitors battery. Standard solution connects the capacitors via DC/DC bidirectional converter. The ultra-capacitors voltage varies in the range 50% what represent 75% exploitation of maximal stored energy. New concept is based on direct connection of ultra-capacitors into the inter-circuit with controlled voltage drift only 30% and 50% energy exploitation. That means the resulting capacitance must be 50% higher, but one converter is saved, efficiency grows up and the control becomes simpler.
A strategy to locate partial discharges in power transformers using acoustic emission
Authors: Giscard Franceire Cintra Veloso  , Luiz Eduardo Borges da Silva  , Germano Lambert-Torres  
Published: July 2017

This paper presents a solution for the problem related to Partial Discharges (PD) source localization in oil-isolated transformers, using Genetic Algorithms. As known in literature, the simple PD detection is not enough to take a decision about intervening, so the localization is necessary to assess the risk and to plan corrective actions. The parameters extracted from the acoustic signals collected by piezoelectric sensors installed outside of the transformer, provide the correct position of PD. From parameters extracted of acoustic signals collected from piezoelectric sensors installed outside the transformer, the proposed algorithm provides the position where the PD is occurring. This work compares the performance of the method using Genetic Algorithms and those using iterative method, which is normally used to solve this problem. The conclusion describes the advantages of the proposed solution.