bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to separate the low amplitude δ Scuti variation from the instrumental ones in CoRoT data?
Authors: Benkő József M. , Paparó Margit 
Published: October 2016

AbstractRich regular frequency patterns were found in the Fourier spectra of low-amplitude δ Scuti stars observed by CoRoT satellite (see Paparó et al. in prep.). The CoRoT observations are, however, influenced by the disturbing effect of the South Atlantic Anomaly. The effect is marginal for high amplitude variable stars but it could be critical in the case of low amplitude variables, especially if the frequency range of the intrinsic variation overlaps the interval of the instrumental frequencies. Some tests were carried out both on synthetic and real data for distinguishing technical and stars' frequencies.
Pulsation in pre-main sequence stars
Authors: Zwintz Konstanze 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAsteroseismology has been proven to be a successful tool to unravel details of the internal structure for different types of stars in various stages of evolution well after birth. We can now show that it has similar power for pre-main sequence (pre-MS) objects. Pre-MS stars with masses between ~1 and 6 solar masses that have recently been formed and gain their energy mainly from gravitational contraction can become vibrationally unstable during their evolution to the main sequence. Within the past ~15 years, several dozens of pulsating pre-MS stars were discovered using data obtained from ground and from space. Depending on their masses, pre-MS stars can show three different types of pulsations: (i) δ Scuti type p-mode pulsations, (ii) γ Doradus like g-mode oscillations and (iii) g-mode Slowly Pulsating B star pulsations.Our asteroseismic investigations yielded new insights into the connection between the pulsations and early stellar evolution: We revealed a relation between the stars' oscillatory behavior and their relative evolutionary stages that might lead us to a model-independent determination of the stars' fundamental parameters. With this we will be able to put constraints on theoretical models and help to answer some of the yet open questions in early stellar evolution.
Amplitude variability in γ Dor and δ Sct stars observed by the Kepler spacecraft
Authors: Guzik Joyce A. , Kosak Katie , Bradley Paul A. , Jackiewicz Jason 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe NASA Kepler spacecraft data revealed a large number of multimode nonradially pulsating γ Dor and δ Sct variable star candidates. The Kepler high precision long time-series photometry makes it possible to study amplitude variations of the frequencies. We summarize recent literature on amplitude and frequency variations in pulsating variables. We are searching for amplitude variability in several dozen faint γ Doradus or δ Scuti variable-star candidates observed as part of the Kepler Guest Observer program. We apply several methods, including a Matlab-script wavelet analysis developed by J. Jackiewicz, and the wavelet technique of the VSTAR software (http://www.aavso.org/vstar-overview). Here we show results for two stars, KIC 2167444 and KIC 2301163. We discuss the magnitude and timescale of the amplitude variations, and the presence or absence of correlations between amplitude variations for different frequencies of a given star. Amplitude variations may be detectable using Kepler data even for stars with Kepler magnitude > 14 with low-amplitude frequencies (~100 ppm) using only one or a few quarters of long-cadence data. We discuss proposed causes of amplitude spectrum variability that will require further investigation.
Physics under the bonnet of a stellar evolution code
Authors: Stancliffe Richard J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractJust how good are modern stellar models? Providing a rigorous assessment of the uncertainties is difficult because of the multiplicity of input physics. Some of the ingredients are reasonably well-known (like reaction rates and opacities). Others are not so good, with convection standing out as a particularly obvious example. In some cases, it is not clear what the ingredients should be: what role do atomic diffusion, rotation, magnetic fields, etc. play in stellar evolution? All this is then compounded by computational method. In converting all this physics into something we can implement in a 1D evolution code, we are forced to make choices about the way the equations are solved, how we will treat mixing at convective boundaries, etc. All of this can impact the models one finally generates. In this review, I will attempt to assess the uncertainties associated with the ingredients and methods used by stellar evolution modellers, and what their impacts may be on the science that we wish to do.
Asteroseismic search for invisible binary companions
Authors: Shibahashi Hiromoto , Murphy Simon J. , Kurtz Donald W. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractContinuous and precise space-based photometry has made it possible to measure the orbital frequency modulation of pulsating stars in binary systems with extremely high precision over long time spans. We present the phase modulation (PM) method for finding binaries among pulsating stars. We demonstrate how the orbital elements of a pulsating binary star can be obtained analytically from photometry alone, without spectroscopic radial velocity measurement. Frequency modulation (FM) caused by binary orbital motion also manifests itself in the Fourier transform, as a multiplet with equal spacing of the orbital frequency. The orbital parameters can also be extracted by analysing the amplitudes and phases of the peaks in these multiplets. We derive analytically the theoretical relations between the multiplet properties and the orbital parameters, and present a method for determining these parameters, including the eccentricity and the argument of periapsis. This, too, is achievable with the photometry alone, without spectroscopic radial velocity measurements. We apply these two methods to Kepler mission data and demonstrate that the results are in good agreement with each other. These methods are used to search for invisible binary companions, including planets and invisible massive objects such as neutron stars and stellar-mass black holes.
Kepler eclipsing binaries with δ Scuti components and tidally induced heartbeat stars
Authors: Guo Zhao , Gies Douglas R. , Matson Rachel A. 
Published: October 2016

Abstractδ Scuti stars are generally fast rotators and their pulsations are not in the asymptotic regime, so the interpretation of their pulsation spectra is a very difficult task. Binary stars, especially eclipsing systems, offer us the opportunity to constrain the space of fundamental stellar parameters. Firstly, we show the results of KIC9851944 and KIC4851217 as two case studies. We found the signature of the large frequency separation in the pulsational spectrum of both stars. The observed mean stellar density and the large frequency separation obey the linear relation in the log-log space as found by Suarez et al. (2014) and García Hernández et al. (2015). Second, we apply the simple ‘one-layer model’ of Moreno & Koenigsberger (1999) to the prototype heartbeat star KOI-54. The model naturally reproduces the tidally induced high frequency oscillations and their frequencies are very close to the observed frequency at 90 and 91 times the orbital frequency.
Main-sequence oscillators as a test of stellar opacities
Authors: Ball Warrick H. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe last decade has given rise to several tensions between calculated and (sometimes indirectly) measured stellar opacities. I discuss the current and future capacity for the asteroseismology of B-type oscillators (slowly-pulsating B-type stars and β Cepheids) and main-sequence solar-like oscillators to test stellar opacities. I briefly highlight two methods by which the B-type oscillators already constrain opacities, though they do not yet identify a superior set of tables. I then consider how the main-sequence solar-like oscillators might also test opacities, using the 16 Cygni system as an example. There are currently greater uncertainties than the opacities (in this example, the atmospheric structure) but many of these will be separately constrained in the near future.
Evidence of angular momentum transport in main-sequence solar-like stars
Authors: Benomar Othman , Takata Masao , Shibahashi Hiromoto , Ceillier Tugdual , García Rafael A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe rotation rates in the interior and at the surface is determined for the 22 main-sequence stars with masses between 1.0 and 1.6 M⊙. The average interior rotation is measured using asteroseismology, while the surface rotation is measured by the spectroscopic v sin i or the periodic light variation due to surface structures, such as spots. It is found that the difference between the surface rotation rate determined by spectroscopy and the average rotation rate for most of stars is small enough to suggest that an efficient process of angular momentum transport operates during and/or before the main-sequence stage of stars. By comparing the surface rotation rate measured from the light variation with those measured by spectroscopy, we found hints of latitudinal differential rotation. However, this must be confirmed by a further study because our result is sensitive to a few data points.
Synergies between spectroscopic and asteroseismic surveys for the Kepler field with LAMOST
Authors: Fu Jian-Ning , De Cat Peter , Ren An-Bing , Yang Xiao-Hu , Catanzaro Giovanni , Corbally Christopher , Frasca Antonio , Gray Richard , Molenda-Żakowicz Joanna , Shi Jian-Rong , Luo A-Li , Zhang Hao-Tong , Wu Yue 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe NASA Kepler satellite has provided unprecedented high duty-cycle, high-precision light curves for a large number of stars by continuously monitoring a field of view in Cygnus-Lyra region, leading to great progress in both discovering exoplanets and characterizing planet-hosting stars by means of asteroseismic methods. The asteroseismic survey allows the investigation of stars covering the whole H-R diagram. However, the low precision of effective temperatures and surface gravities in the KIC catalogue and the lack of information on chemical composition, metallicity and rotation rate prevent asteroseismic modeling, requiring spectroscopic observations for thousands of asteroseismic targets in the Kepler field in a homogeneous way.
Connecting magnetic fields from sub-galactic scale to clusters of galaxies and beyond with cosmological MHD simulations
Authors: Dolag Klaus , Beck Alexander M. , Arth Alexander 
Published: October 2016

AbstractUsing the MHD version of Gadget3 (Stasyszyn, Dolag & Beck 2013) and a model for the seeding of magnetic fields by supernovae (SN), we performed simulations of the evolution of the magnetic fields in galaxy clusters and study their effects on the heat transport within the intra cluster medium (ICM). This mechanism – where SN explosions during the assembly of galaxies provide magnetic seed fields – has been shown to reproduce the magnetic field in Milky Way-like galactic halos (Beck et al. 2013). The build up of the magnetic field at redshifts before z = 5 and the accordingly predicted rotation measure evolution are also in good agreement with current observations. Such magnetic fields present at high redshift are then transported out of the forming protogalaxies into the large-scale structure and pollute the ICM (in a similar fashion to metals transport). Here, complex velocity patterns, driven by the formation process of cosmic structures are further amplifying and distributing the magnetic fields. In galaxy clusters, the magnetic fields therefore get amplified to the observed μG level and produce the observed amplitude of rotation measures of several hundreds of rad/m2. We also demonstrate that heat conduction in such turbulent fields on average is equivalent to a suppression factor around 1/20th of the classical Spitzer value and in contrast to classical, isotropic heat transport leads to temperature structures within the ICM compatible with observations (Arth et al. 2014).
Turbulence in the diffuse magneto-ionized medium: observational aspects
Authors: Haverkorn Marijke 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTurbulence in the interstellar medium is ubiquitous. The turbulent energy density in the gas is significant, and comparable to energy densities of magnetic fields and cosmic rays. Studies of the turbulent interstellar gas in the Milky Way have mostly focused on the neutral gas component, since various spectral lines can give velocity information. Probing turbulent properties in the ionized gas, let alone in magnetic fields, is observationally more difficult. A number of observational methods are discussed below which provide estimates of the maximum scale of fluctuations, the Mach number and other turbulence characteristics.
Turbulence via information field dynamics
Authors: Enßlin Torsten A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTurbulent flows exhibit scale-free regimes, for which information on the statistical properties of the dynamics exists for many length-scales. The simulation of turbulent systems can benefit from the inclusion of such information on sub-grid process. How can statistical information about the flow on small scales be optimally incorporated into simulation schemes? Information field dynamics (IFD) is a novel information theoretical framework to design schemes that exploit such statistical knowledge on sub-grid flow fluctuations.
Atomic Chemistry in Turbulent Astrophysical Media
Authors: Scannapieco Evan , Gray William J. , Kasen Daniel 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe decribe direct numerical simulations of turbulent astrophysical media exposed to the redshift zero metagalactic background. The simulations assume solar composition and explicitly track ionizations, recombinations, and ion-by-ion radiative cooling for hydrogen, helium, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, neon, sodium, magnesium, silicon, and iron. Each run reaches a global steady state that not only depends on the ionization parameter, U, and mass-weighted average temperature, TMW, but also on the the one-dimensional turbulent velocity dispersion, σ1D.We carry out runs that span a grid of models with U ranging from 0 to 10−2 and σ1D ranging from 12 to 58 km s−1, and we vary the product of the mean density and the driving scale of the turbulence, nL, which determines the average temperature of the medium, from nL =1016 to nL =1020 cm−2. The turbulent Mach numbers of our simulations vary from M ≈ 0.5 for the lowest velocity dispersions cases to M ≈ 20 for the largest velocity dispersion cases. When M ≲1, turbulent effects are minimal, and the species abundances are reasonably described as those of a uniform photoionized medium at a fixed temperature. On the other hand, when M ≳ 1, dynamical simulations such as the ones carried out here, are required to accurately predict the species abundances.We gather our results into a set of tables, to allow future redshift zero studies of the intergalactic medium to account for turbulent effects. They are available at http://zofia.sese.asu.edu/~evan/turbspecies/ and will be updated as we increase our parameter study. These results are explained in more detailed in Gray, Scannapieco, & Kasen (2015), and Gray and Scannapieco (2015)
Solar flares, Ampere's Law, and the Search for Units in Scale-Free Processes
Authors: McAteer R. T. James 
Published: October 2016

AbstractOne of the most powerful SOC tools - the wavelet transform modulus maxima approach to calculating multifractality - is connected to one of the most powerful equations in all of physics - Ampere's law. In doing so, the multifractal spectra can be expressed in terms of current density, and how current density can then be used for the prediction of future energy release from such a system.
Magneto-rotational instability with the effect of cosmic rays
Authors: Kuwabara Takuhito , Ko Chung-Ming 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCosmic ray (CR) is an important component of the interstellar medium. It interacts with plasma via embedded magnetic irregularities. We study the magneto-rotational instability (MRI) in the presence of CRs. We analyse the effect of CRs including their diffusion using both linear stability analysis and MHD simulations. Two models are studied. (1) In the shearing box model, uniform initial state is adopted. Linear analysis shows that the growth rate of MRI is not sensitive to the value of CR diffusion coefficient. (2) In the differentially rotating cylinder model, the initial state is taken as a constant angular momentum polytropic disk threaded by weak uniform vertical magnetic field. Linear analysis shows that the growth rate of MRI becomes larger if the CR diffusion coefficient is larger. Both linear results are confirmed by MHD simulations.
Polarized thermal dust emission as seen by Planck : A comparison with MHD simulations and lessons from a toy model
Authors: Levrier F. ,   on behalf of the Planck collaboration, Neveu J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe Planck satellite (Planck 2015 Results I) has mapped the polarized microwave sky (from 30 GHz to 353 GHz) with unprecedented sensitivity and angular resolution. This wealth of data yields the first complete map of polarized thermal emission from dust in our own Galaxy (Planck Intermediate Results XIX),, shedding new light on the formation of dense cold structures within which new stars and planetary systems are born, under the combined effects of gravity, turbulence and magnetic fields. We present a statistical analysis of this polarized emission from nearby molecular clouds, with an emphasis on the evolution of the maximum polarization fraction observed as a function of column density, and on the anti-correlation between the polarization fraction and the local dispersion of polarization angles. To interpret this data, numerical simulations of anisotropic MHD turbulence (Fromang, Hennebelle, & Teyssier 2006, Hennebelle et al. 2008) underline the essential role played by the topology of the interstellar magnetic field, in particular its large-scale component (Planck Intermediate Results XX). Indeed, the polarization of dust thermal emission at the scales observed by Planck is essentially related to the geometry of the magnetic field. Polarization fractions anti-correlate with column densities, which may be due to a succession of variously polarized structures on the line of sight. They also anti-correlate with the local dispersion of polarization angles. These features are well reproduced by MHD simulations of the diffuse ISM, with comparable correlation coefficients. As an extension to this work published in Planck Intermediate Results XX, the statistical properties of the random component of the interstellar magnetic field are explored using a toy model of the turbulent magnetized ISM based on fractional Brownian motion (fBm) fields. A least-squares analysis to retrieve the statistical properties of the interstellar magnetic field from Planck observations is pursued. Application of this method on the toy model shows good promise, and we are currently working towards its application on Planck data.
Revisiting Abell 2744: a powerful synergy of GLASS spectroscopy and HFF photometry
Authors: Wang Xin ,   the GLASS Team
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe present new emission line identifications and improve the lensing reconstruction of the mass distribution of galaxy cluster Abell 2744 using the Grism Lens-Amplified Survey from Space (GLASS) spectroscopy and the Hubble Frontier Fields (HFF) imaging. We performed blind and targeted searches for faint line emitters on all objects, including the arc sample, within the field of view (FoV) of GLASS prime pointings. We report 55 high quality spectroscopic redshifts, 5 of which are for arc images. We also present an extensive analysis based on the HFF photometry, measuring the colors and photometric redshifts of all objects within the FoV, and comparing the spectroscopic and photometric redshift estimates. In order to improve the lens model of Abell 2744, we develop a rigorous algorithm to screen arc images, based on their colors and morphology, and selecting the most reliable ones to use. As a result, 25 systems (corresponding to 72 images) pass the screening process and are used to reconstruct the gravitational potential of the cluster pixellated on an adaptive mesh. The resulting total mass distribution is compared with a stellar mass map obtained from the Spitzer Frontier Fields data in order to study the relative distribution of stars and dark matter in the cluster.
Testing light-traces-mass in Hubble Frontier Fields Cluster MACS-J0416.1-240
Authors: Sebesta Kevin , Williams Liliya L. R. , Mohammed Irshad , Saha Prasenjit , Liesenborgs Jori 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe reconstruct the projected mass distribution of a massive merging HFF cluster MACSJ0416 using the genetic algorithm based free-form technique called Grale. The reconstructions are constrained by 149 lensed images identified by Jauzac et al. using HFF data. No information about cluster galaxies or light is used, which makes our reconstruction unique in this regard. Using visual inspection of the maps, as well as galaxy-mass correlation functions we conclude that overall light does follow mass. Furthermore, the fact that brighter galaxies are more strongly clustered with mass is an important confirmation of the standard biasing scenario in galaxy clusters. On the smallest scales, ≲ few arcseconds the resolution afforded by 149 images is still not sufficient to confirm or rule out galaxy-mass offsets of the kind observed in ACO 3827. We also compare the mass maps of MACSJ0416 obtained by three different groups: Grale, and two parametric LENSTOOL reconstructions from the CATS and Sharon/Johnson teams. Overall, the three agree well; one interesting discrepancy between Grale and LENSTOOL galaxy-mass correlation functions occurs on scales of tens of kpc and may suggest that cluster galaxies are more biased tracers of mass than parametric methods generally assume.
Mapping the spatial distribution of star formation in cluster galaxies at z ~ 0.5 with the Grism Lens-Amplified Survey from Space (GLASS)
Authors: Vulcani Benedetta ,   The GLASS Team
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe present the first study of the spatial distribution of star formation in z ~ 0.5 cluster galaxies. The analysis is based on data taken with the Wide Field Camera 3 as part of the Grism Lens-Amplified Survey from Space (GLASS). We illustrate the methodology by focusing on two clusters (MACS0717.5+3745 and MACS1423.8+2404) with different morphologies (one relaxed and one merging) and use foreground and background galaxies as field control sample. The cluster+field sample consists of 42 galaxies with stellar masses in the range 108-1011M⊙, and star formation rates in the range 1-20 M⊙yr−1. In both environments, Hα is more extended than the rest-frame UV continuum in 60% of the cases, consistent with diffuse star formation and inside out growth. The Hα emission appears more extended in cluster galaxies than in the field, pointing perhaps to ionized gas being stripped and/or star formation being enhanced at large radii. The peak of the Hα emission and that of the continuum are offset by less than 1 kpc. We investigate trends with the hot gas density as traced by the X-ray emission, and with the surface mass density as inferred from gravitational lens models and find no conclusive results. The diversity of morphologies and sizes observed in Hα illustrates the complexity of the environmental process that regulate star formation.
Fishing for Spectral Lines in High-Redshift Galaxies Lensed by Frontier Fields Clusters
Authors: Zitrin Adi 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe Hubble Frontier Fields, together with other cluster lensing surveys with Hubble, have revealed hundreds of high-redshift (z≳6) dropout galaxy candidates. We summarize recent efforts taken to spectroscopically follow up magnified high-redshift galaxies behind those clusters and in the field, including our detection of Lyα emission from a redshift z=8.68 object.