bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gelatine matrix with human thrombin decreases blood loss in adolescents undergoing posterior spinal fusion for idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Helenius I. , Keskinen H. , Syvänen J. , Lukkarinen H. , Mattila M. , Välipakka J. , Pajulo O. 
Published: February 2016

Aims In a multicentre, randomised study of adolescents undergoing posterior spinal fusion for idiopathic scoliosis, we investigated the effect of adding gelatine matrix with human thrombin to the standard surgical methods of controlling blood loss. Patients and Methods Patients in the intervention group (n = 30) were randomised to receive a minimum of two and a maximum of four units of gelatine matrix with thrombin in addition to conventional surgical methods of achieving haemostasis. Only conventional surgical methods were used in the control group (n = 30). We measured the intra-operative and total blood loss (intra-operative blood loss plus post-operative drain output). Results Each additional hour of operating time increased the intra-operative blood loss by 356.9 ml (p < 0.001) and the total blood loss by 430.5 ml (p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the intervention significantly decreased the intra-operative (-171 ml, p = 0.025) and total blood loss (-177 ml, p = 0.027). The decrease in haemoglobin concentration from the day before the operation to the second post-operative day was significantly smaller in the intervention group (-6 g/l, p = 0.013) than in the control group. Conclusion The addition of gelatine matrix with human thrombin to conventional methods of achieving haemostasis reduces both the intra-operative blood loss and the decrease in haemoglobin concentration post-operatively in adolescents undergoing posterior spinal fusion for idiopathic scoliosis. Take home message: A randomised clinical trial showed that gelatine matrix with human thrombin decreases intra-operative blood loss by 30% when added to traditional surgical haemostatic methods in adolescents undergoing posterior spinal fusion for idiopathic scoliosis. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:395–401.
Hip arthroplasty for the treatment of displaced fractures of the femoral neck in elderly patients
Authors: Rogmark C. , Leonardsson O. 
Published: February 2016

This review summarises the evidence for the treatment of displaced fractures of the femoral neck in elderly patients. Results from randomised clinical trials and national register studies are presented when available.The advantages of arthroplasty compared with internal fixation are supported by several studies. A number of studies contribute to the discussions of total hip arthroplasty (THA) versus hemiarthroplasty and unipolar versus bipolar hemiarthroplasty, but no clear-cut evidence-based recommendation can be made. THA may be particularly advantageous for active, lucid patients with a relatively long life expectancy. For patients who are physiologically older, hemiarthoplasty is probably satisfactory, and for the oldest patients with more comorbidities, unipolar implants are considered to be sufficient. If the hospital can support emergency THA surgery in sufficient numbers and quality, there may be few patients who warrant bipolar hemiarthroplasty.The direct lateral approach reduces the risk of dislocation compared with the posterior approach. Cemented implants lower the risk of periprosthetic fracture and its subsequent morbidity and mortality. As the risk of peri-operative death related to bone cement can be reduced by adequate measures, cemented implants are recommended in fracture cases.Take home message: There remains a great variation in the surgical management of patients with a hip fracture, and an evidence-based approach should improve the outcomes for this vulnerable patient group.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:291–7.
Validation of the diagnosis ‘prosthetic joint infection’ in the Danish Hip Arthroplasty Register
Authors: Gundtoft P. H. , Pedersen A. B. , Schønheyder H. C. , Overgaard S. 
Published: February 2016

Aims The purpose of this study was to validate the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) in the Danish Hip Arthroplasty Register (DHR). Patients and Methods We identified a cohort of patients from the DHR who had undergone primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) since 1 January 2005 and followed them until first-time revision, death, emigration or until 31 December 2012. Revision for PJI, as registered in the DHR, was validated against a benchmark which included information from microbiology databases, prescription registers, clinical biochemistry registers and clinical records. We estimated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for PJI in the DHR alone and in the DHR when combined with microbiology databases. Results In total, 1382 of the 37 826 primary THAs in the DHR were registered as having been revised for any cause once 26 patients with errors in registration had been excluded: 232 of these were for PJI. For this group, the sensitivity was 67%, specificity 95%, PPV 77%, and NPV 92%. Combining the data from the DHR with those from microbiology databases increased the sensitivity to 90% and also improved specificity (100%), PPV (98%) and NPV (98%). Conclusion Only two thirds of revisions for PJI were captured in the DHR and only 77% of the PJI reported to the DHR could be confirmed to be infected. Take home message: combining the data from the DHR with those from microbiology databases substantially improved the validity of the diagnosis of PJI and should enable future register-based studies. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:320–5.
Effect of Surface Charge and Elemental Composition on the Swelling and Delamination of Montmorillonite Nanoclays Using Sedimentation Field-flow Fractionation and Mass Spectroscopy
Authors: Assemi Shoeleh , Sharma Sugandha , Tadjiki Soheyl , Prisbrey Keith , Ranville James , Miller Jan D. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe swelling properties of smectite-type clay particles (including montmorillonite) are of interest in various industries. A fundamental understanding of the surface properties of smectite particles at the sub-micron level would facilitate investigation of the effect of distributed properties such as charge and elemental composition. Swelling and delamination of SWy-2 Na-montmorillonite (Na-Mnt) nano-clay particles were studied here using size distributions obtained by sedimentation field-flow fractionation (SdFFF). Fractions were examined by electron microscopy and inductively-coupled optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Two distinct populations were observed in the size distribution of SWy-2 Na-Mnt particles (bimodal size distribution), with mean equivalent spherical diameters of ~60 nm and 250 nm, respectively. In contrast, the size distribution of STx-1 Ca-montmorillonite (Ca-Mnt) particles showed only one peak with a mean equivalent spherical diameter of ~410 nm, which changed to 440 nm after 4 days of hydration. Analyses of the fractions by ICP-OES obtained along the size distribution of Na-Mnt showed an abundance of Ca and Mg in the fractions below 250 nm, and confirmed the presence of Fe and Mg as isomorphous substituents. Electron micrographs of the fractions obtained from Na-Mnt size distributions were used to calculate the thickness of the clay particles. Bridging forces between pure orMgsubstituted montmorillonite and either Ca2+ or Na+ were calculated using semi-empirical methods. The results demonstrated that swelling and delamination of Na-Mnt clay particles are dictated by properties such as elemental composition and surface charge which are distributed along the size distribution.
Computational Comparison of Surface Metrics for PDE Constrained Shape Optimization
Authors: Schulz Volker , Siebenborn Martin 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
We compare surface metrics for shape optimization problems with constraints, consisting mainly of partial differential equations (PDE), from a computational point of view.
In particular, classical Laplace–Beltrami type metrics are compared with Steklov–Poincaré type metrics. The test problem is the minimization of energy dissipation of a body in a Stokes flow.
We therefore set up a quasi-Newton method on appropriate shape manifolds together with an augmented Lagrangian framework, in order to enable a straightforward integration of geometric constraints for the shape. The comparison is focussed towards convergence behavior as well as
effects on the mesh quality during shape optimization.
Reduction Smelting Low Ferronickel from Pre-concentrated Nickel-Iron Ore of Nickel Laterite
Authors: Zhu Deqing , Zhou Xianlin , Luo Yanhong , Pan Jian , Bai Bing 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe research of smelting low ferronickel from pre-concentrate nickel-iron ore with 2.76 % Ni and 38.00 % Fetotal was carried out to find an effective way for stainless steel enterprises to use the low-nickel laterite reasonable. The results show that Ni and Fe both have a certain degree of enrichment, and impurities and harm elements have different degrees of reduction after pre-concentration of nickel-iron ore. Most valuable metal did not compound with impurities which greatly accelerated the speed and extent of melt separation reduction. Good alloy of 6.58 % Ni with the overall recoveries of 93.38 % and 89.95 % Fetotal with the overall recoveries of 89.57 % was manufactured under the following conditions: 10 % coke, 1.0 binary basicity, 18 % MgO and 3 % Al2O3 in slag, melting at 1,550 °C for 10 min. The product can be used for the feed of producing stainless steel.
Compulsory Public Service and the Right to Exit
Authors: Owen David 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This article addresses Michael Blake and Gillian Brock’s DEBATING BRAIN DRAIN. It argues, contra Blake, that the rights to exit may legitimately be subject to delay. It argues, contra Brock, that such delay is better conceived in terms of a general and reciprocal obligation on citizens that takes the form of compulsory public service.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[diaqua-bis(μ2-1,3-di(pyridin-4-yl)propane-κ
2
N:N′)cadmate(II)] bis(2-aminoisonicotinate) tetrahydrate, C38H50CdN8O10
Authors: Ju Feng-Yang , Li Yun-Ping , Li Gui-Lian 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
C38H50CdN8O10, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 9.5489(5) Å, b = 9.7236(5) Å, c = 11.8200(6) Å, α = 110.012(3)°, β = 93.335(3)°, γ = 91.943(3)°, V = 1027.78(9) Å3, Z = 1, R
gt
(F) = 0.0340, wR
ref
(F2) = 0.0783, T = 293.
Crystal structure of (4-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)benzoic acid-κN) (4-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)benzoato-κN)silver(I), C20H15N4O4Ag
Authors: Sheng Liang-Quan 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
C20H15N4O4Ag, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 12.6344(8) Å, b = 9.7274(6) Å, c = 15.7567(10) Å, β = 109.06(1)°, V = 1830.3(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0244, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.0674, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of 5-ethyl-6-[(3-methylphenyl)sulfanyl]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, C13H14N2O2S
Authors: Al-Wabli Reem I. , Ghabbour Hazem A. , Lahsasni Siham , Al-Abdullah Ebtehal S. , El-Emam Ali A. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
C13H14N2O2S, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 4.8885(2) Å, b = 10.3414(5) Å, c = 12.6056(6) Å, α = 95.162(2)°, β = 97.487(1)°, γ = 101.494°, V = 614.73(5) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0507, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1149, T = 100 K.
Variable van der Waals Radii Derived From a Hybrid Gaussian Charge Distribution Model for Continuum-Solvent Electrostatic Calculations
Authors: Ye Renlong , Nie Xuemei , Wong Chung F. , Gong Xuedong , Wang Yan A. , Heine Thomas , Zhou Baojing 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
We introduce a hybrid Gaussian charge distribution model (HGM) that partitions the molecular electron density into overlapping
spherical atomic domains. The semi-empirical HGM consists of atom-centered spherical Gaussian functions and discrete point charges,
which are optimized to reproduce the electrostatic potential on the molecular surface as well as the number of electrons in
atom-centered and certain off-atom-centered spherical regions as closely as possible. In contrast, our previous Gaussian charge
distribution model [J. Chem. Phys. 129, 014509 (2008)] contained only spherical Gaussian functions and was not required to
reproduce the number of electrons in off-atom-centered regions. Variable van der Waals (vdW) radii fluctuating around the Bondi radii
are derived from the HGM based on the isodensity contour concept and further employed to define the molecular cavity in our quantum
mechanical/Poisson–Boltzmann/surface area model as well as the polarizable continuum model. The variable vdW radii produce more
accurate solvation free energies for 31 neutral molecules than the Bondi radii for both continuum solvent models (CSM)
consistently. Moreover, for H atoms, the linear dependence of the atomic radii on the atomic partial charges is identified.
THz Electron Paramagnetic Resonance / THz Spectroscopy at BESSY II
Authors: Holldack Karsten , Schnegg Alexander 
Published: February 2016

The THz beamline at BESSY II employs high power broadband femto- to picosecond long THz pulses for magneto-optical THz and FIR studies. A newly designed set-up exploits the unique properties of ultrashort THz pulses generated by laser-energy modulation of electron bunches in the storage ring or alternatively from compressed electron bunches. Experiments from 0.15 to 5 THz (~ 5 – 150 cm-1) may be conducted at a user station equipped with a fully evacuated high resolution FTIR spectrometer (0.0063 cm-1), lHe cooled bolometer detectors, a THz TDS set-up and different sample environments, including a superconducting high field magnet (+11 T - 11T) with variable temperature insert (1.5 K – 300 K), a sample cryostat and a THz attenuated total reflection chamber. Main applications are Frequency Domain Fourier transform THz-Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (FD-FT THz-EPR), THz-FTIR spectroscopy and optical pump - THz probe time domain spectroscopy (TDS), with sub-ps time resolution.
A Panel Data Analysis Of The Lucas Hypothesis
Authors: Ashraf Mohammad , Mohabbat Khan A. 
Published: February 2016

In this study we have attempted to verify one of the implications of the Lucas (1973) hypothesis using two-digit industry-level panel data for the U.S. Manufacturing Sector. The hypothesis states that the higher the nominal demand volatility, the lower will be the impact of nominal changes on real variables. Unlike other studies, we use disaggregated panel data for nineteen industries, which are scattered throughout the country, and are subject to the same fiscal and monetary shocks. Another unique feature of this study is the use of price level data at the two-digit industry-level. As opposed to the use of overall price level data, which is common in the literature, we make use of the price level data at the two-digit industry-level. The results of our study support the Lucas hypothesis. Industries with low relative demand volatility transmit the effects of nominal demand shocks exclusively to output and industries with high relative volatility pass on the shocks directly to prices. Finally, we tested for the relation between the real impact of the nominal aggregate disturbances and the relative volatility of industry demands. Our results show strong negative relation between them. That is, the higher the nominal demand volatility facing an industry, the less its impact would be on real output.
Interactive Large Classes: The Dynamics Of Teacher/Student Interaction
Authors: Christopher Doris A. 
Published: February 2016

The purpose of this paper is to show that there are many techniques and methods to use in stimulating interest and effective learning outcomes in large classes. The paper addresses several alternative teaching formats such as: active learning, collaborative learning, interactive learning which encourage student interaction in the traditional lecture environment. The paper discusses how the web can be used as an instructional tool in large classes to motivate students to find resources, conduct webquests, complete time certain email assignments, and engage in active in-class discussions.
Leadership In The Fortune 500: Women At The Executive Level Of Corporate Management
Authors: Bernardi Richard A. , Bosco Susan D. , Reis Kate M. 
Published: February 2016

This study examines the influence of executive women in business using a sample of firms included in the Fortune 500. Our analysis looks at the movement of female executives on or off corporate management to determine whether an increase of female representation at the highest levels of corporate management signals an increased commitment of a firm to a higher representation of females on their boards of directors. Our sample includes a group of 73 corporations for which we longitudinally examined the data for women at the director and executive manager levels for the period from 1999 through 2003. Our data indicate that, while the number of firms having multiple female directors increased over this period, the increase was even more pronounced for women at the executive management level. Our data also indicate that, while the number of executive level managers was relatively stable (increased) between 1999 and 2001 (2001 and 2003), the number of women at this level increased by 25.5 (27.1) percent.
Timing Trades And Mutual Fund Investors
Authors: Fosberg Richard H. 
Published: February 2016

Recently, a number of well known mutual funds advisors, including Strong, Putnam, and Bank of America, have been accused of or admitted to allowing selected institutional investors to engage in timing trades with the shares of some of the mutual funds they manage. The news media has generally taken the position that timing trades reduce the wealth of other fund investors. In this study, I show that timing trades can either increase, decrease, or leave unchanged fund shareholder wealth. Which outcome results will depend on specific timing trader and fund characteristics such as the frequency and accuracy of timing trader speculation, the trading of other fund shareholders, the return on the fund's security portfolio, and how much a mutual fund must increase its cash holdings to cover the transactions of timing traders. Consequently, whether timing traders harm other fund shareholders is an empirical question.
Employee Stock Options And Diluted Earnings Per Share
Authors: Doran David T. 
Published: February 2016

At the time of this writing, SFAS No.123 (1995) prescribes GAAP in accounting for employee stock options. It allows firms to choose either the intrinsic or fair value method in determining the amount of compensation expense recognized for employee stock options. The choice of method affects the numerator of the earnings per share (EPS) calculation. The FASB recently issued a revised SFAS No. 123 (2004) which will require uniform application of the fair value method. GAAP also requires that the denominator for the diluted EPS calculation be increased for incremental shares under the treasury stock method. SFAS 128 requires the treasury stock method be applied where the proceeds from the assumed exercise of options are used to acquire shares of the firm’s outstanding stock at the average market price for the period. Previous to SFAS No. 128, APB Opinion No. 15 required that the higher of average or period ending stock price be used in determining the number of shares reacquired with the proceeds from the assumed exercise of stock options. This paper develops a simple one period model that assumes a risk free environment with complete certainty conditions in testing the accuracy of EPS calculated under GAAP using the fair value method vs. the intrinsic value method. The results indicate that EPS reported under the intrinsic value method are overstated, and further indicate that a combination of both the fair value method and the treasury stock method is needed in calculating diluted EPS. This fair value and treasury stock method combination is shown to not “double count” the stock option’s impact upon EPS. The results also indicate a slight misstatement of diluted EPS under the fair value method when applying the treasury stock method requirements of SFAS No. 128. Correct EPS results when shares are assumed reacquired for the treasury at the higher year ending price, consistent with superseded APB 15. However, the diluted EPS misstatement is so slight that the FASB’s rationale for always requiring the use of average period price seems likely to be justified. The findings of this research support the requirements of SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004) and SFAS No. 128.
Empirical Testing Of Random Walk Of Euro Exchange Rates: Evidence From The Emerging Markets
Authors: Al-Khazali Osamah M. , Koumanakos Evangelos P. 
Published: February 2016

This paper utilizes the new non-parametric variance ratio tests based on signs and ranks to examine the random walk hypothesis of Euro exchange rates for 10 Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) currencies. The results of the new- variance ratio tests reject the random walk hypothesis for all currencies except the Kuwaiti and the Emirate currencies. Given the improved size and power properties of Wright’s (2000) ranks and signs tests, the results of the new variance ratio tests are robust to the results of the traditional LOMAC variance ratio tests.
Risky Shifts And The Model Of Communicative Events
Authors: Shinnawy Maha El , Vinze Ajay , Mortagy Amr 
Published: February 2016

Group interaction frequently results in group members changing their prior beliefs to a more extreme position. This is referred to as group polarization. Using the model of communicative events, this paper proposes that task, medium of communication, group composition and their interaction will have an effect on the phenomenon of group polarization. A laboratory experiment was conducted to address these questions. A 2x2x2 factorial design was used to analyze the results. The analysis indicates that polarization does in fact occur and that the level of polarization varies depending on: the medium of communication, the task characteristics and their interaction. The composition of the group does not have a significant effect on polarization. The findings reported in this study have significance for developers, users and researchers of collaborative systems and for social-psychologists who study the phenomenon of group enhanced attitude shifts.
Merger Motives For U.S. Utility Acquirers: Evidence From Performance, Risk Metrics, And Executive Compensation
Authors: Dube Sema , Francis-Gladney Laura , Romero Rafael , Langdon William 
Published: February 2016

We study post-acquisition performance of US public utilities that acquired other US exchange listed firms during 1996?2002. We find that acquirer shareholders do not gain any abnormal returns from the acquisition over the two years following the acquisition and there are no unexpected gains in the underlying operating performance of the acquirers. We also find that while stock acquirers show a decrease in post-acquisition performance, their CEO salary increases relative to the industry. This suggests that method of payment may be an important factor in discerning the motivation for an acquisition. Lack of clarity regarding effects of a complex process like an acquisition, for shareholders and perhaps the even the management, combined with potential increase in prestige and salary for the management, may be the motivation for M&A activity in stock mergers. Cash acquirers may be more careful and consequently do not show subsequent underperformance.