bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le marais du Colombier à Varennes-sur-Seine : une zone humide valorisée et valorisante entre le XVIe et le XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Hurard Séverine , Cavanna Emilie 
Published: June 2016

La ferme du Colombier de Varennes-sur-Seine, créée ex nihilo dans une zone humide de la vallée de la Seine en 1506, constitue un exemple d’exploitation interdisciplinaire du paysage, unique à ce jour pour l’archéologie moderne en France métropolitaine. Données archéologiques, paléoenvironnementales, historiques et archéogéographiques participent à la lecture de ce paysage de marais et de prairies humides, hérité mais aussi valorisé en continu sur deux siècles. Appréhendé comme un milieu à part entière, ce site a aussi été étudié en tant que territoire – ce qui a permis d’en affiner l’interprétation sociale, en démontrant pourquoi le marais du Colombier est loin d’avoir été un espace de relégation, au tout début du XVIe siècle. Artéfacts, écofacts et géofacts démontrent qu’il est en réalité vécu et perçu comme un vecteur de distinction sociale par une petite élite rurale en quête d’affirmation sociale, à la charnière entre le Moyen Âge et l’époque moderne.
Reduction in edge dislocation density in corundum-structured α-Ga2O3 layers on sapphire substrates with quasi-graded α-(Al,Ga)2O3 buffer layers
Authors: Jinno Riena , Uchida Takayuki , Kaneko Kentaro , Fujita Shizuo 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Efforts have been made to reduce the density of defects in corundum-structured α-Ga2O3 thin films on sapphire substrates by applying quasi-graded α-(Al
x
Ga1−

x
)2O3 buffer layers. Transmission electron microscopy images revealed that most strains were located in the α-(Al
x
Ga1−

x
)2O3 buffer layers, and that the total density of dislocations in the α-Ga2O3 thin films was successfully decreased by more than one order of magnitude compared with that without buffer layers, that is, the screw and edge dislocation densities were about 3 × 108 and 6 × 108 cm−2, respectively.
The Rapid Assessment of Competency in Echocardiography Scale
Authors: Millington Scott J. , Arntfield Robert T. , Hewak Michael , Hamstra Stanley J. , Beaulieu Yanick , Hibbert Benjamin , Koenig Seth , Kory Pierre , Mayo Paul , Schoenherr Jordan R. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesIncreased use of point‐of‐care ultrasound (US) requires the development of assessment tools that measure the competency of learners. In this study, we developed and tested a tool to assess the quality of point‐of‐care cardiac US studies performed by novices.MethodsIn phase 1, the Rapid Assessment of Competency in Echocardiography (RACE) scale was developed on the basis of structured interviews with subject matter experts; the tool was then piloted on a small series of US studies in phase 2. In phase 3, the tool was applied to a sample of 154 point‐of‐care US studies performed by 12 learners; each study was independently rated by 2 experts, with quantitative analysis subsequently performed.ResultsEvidence of the content validity of the RACE scale was supported by a consensus exercise, wherein experts agreed on the assessment dimensions and specific items that made up the RACE scale. The tool showed good inter‐rater reliability. An analysis of inter‐item correlations provided support for the internal structure of the scale, and the tool was able to discriminate between learners early in their point‐of‐care US learning and those who were more advanced in their training.ConclusionsThe RACE scale provides a straightforward means to assess learner performance with minimal requirements for evaluator training. Our results support the conclusion that the tool is an effective means of making valid judgments regarding competency in point‐of‐care cardiac US.
Correlating the Sonographic Finding of Echogenic Debris in the Bladder Lumen With Urinalysis
Authors: Cheng Sarah N. , Phelps Andrew 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine the significance of urinary bladder debris detected by sonography.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of urinalysis results in age‐matched patients with and without bladder debris detected by transabdominal sonography. Patients were recruited from a radiology database search for bladder sonograms either with words suggesting echogenic debris or by a clinical history suggesting an infectious course. The sonograms were randomized and read by a single radiologist, who was blinded to case versus control. The urinalysis and sonographic results were analyzed by the Fisher exact test.ResultsThere was no statistically significant correlation between the finding of debris on sonography and the frequency of abnormal urinalysis results, regardless of the quality of debris (layering versus floating). The only variable that was significantly associated with abnormal urinalysis results was a clinical history suggesting infection.ConclusionsA urinalysis should not be routinely recommended to work up the finding of urinary bladder debris on sonography.
Improving Unfamiliar Face Matching by Masking the External Facial Features
Authors: Kemp Richard I. , Caon Alita , Howard Mark , Brooks Kevin R. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryCounter‐terrorism and crime prevention often depend on our ability to match images of unfamiliar faces. For example, when issuing passports, staff must establish an applicant's identity by comparing the submitted photograph witht those in the database of current passports to ensure that multiple documents are not issued to the same person under different names. Previous research has shown that this is a difficult and error prone task. We suggest that this ‘passport problem’ may be due to an over‐reliance on the appearance of external facial features that can be unreliable cues to identity. Compatible with this explanation, we demonstrate that in difficult trials involving a change of appearance or attempted fraud involving a similar looking foil, participants are better able to determine whether two images are of the same person when shown only the internal features of the faces rather than whole images. This discovery has significant practical implications and could form the basis of a procedure to improve the detection of identity fraud.Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Method to Control Curcumin Release from PELA Fibers by Heat Treatment
Authors: Chen Weiming , EI‐Hamshary Hany , Al‐Deyab Salem S. , Mo Xiumei 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPoly(ethylene glycol ‐co‐ DL‐lactide) (PELA) is a biodegradable polymer, which has attracted considerable interest in the area of drug release due to its potential as drug carrier. Drug‐loaded electrospun PELA fibers tend to be a promising candidate for local chemotherapy application in the future. In this study, curcumin was encapsulated into PELA fibers (Cur@PELA) for drug delivery via electrospinning. It was found that the shrinkage ratio, porosity, water absorption and water contact angle of Cur@PELA fiber membrane could be changed by heat treatment with different heating temperature (45°C, 50°C) and heating time (5 min, 10 min, 20 min). Moreover, the release rate of curcumin from Cur@PELA fibers was influenced by the porosity, water absorption and water contact angle of the drug‐loaded membrane. Heat treatment is thought to be a novel method to control release of drug from electrospun PELA fibers.
Exploring the mitochondrial DNA variability of the Amazonian Yanomami
Authors: Varano Sara , Scorrano Gabriele , Martínez‐Labarga Cristina , Finocchio Andrea , Rapone Cesare , Berti Andrea , Rickards Olga 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore the mitochondrial variability in the Yanomami population to reconstruct its demographic history and explore its genetic composition in relation to its cultural and linguistic features.MethodsA total of 174 human head hair shafts ‐collected in 1958‐ belonging to individuals from a Yanomami group living in Santa Isabel, Brazil, were analyzed. Automated extraction of the hairs was performed, and several methods were applied to optimize the analysis of the degraded DNA. The mtDNA hypervariable segments I–II, along with the 9‐bp COII‐tRNALysdeletion, were investigated. Using published data from the Yanomami and other Amazonian populations, several statistical analyses were carried out to explore the genetic variability within the study population.ResultsNinety eight percent of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences analyzed belonged to Native American haplogroups, while 2% belonged to African haplogroups. Compared with the Yanomami groups previously studied, the Santa Isabel sample seemed more genetically similar to other Amazonian populations.ConclusionsAmong the Yanomami samples studied to date, the Santa Isabel Yanomami show a higher genetic heterogeneity. This could be due to gene flow with non‐Yanomami populations, as well as to the introduction of new mitochondrial haplotypes by gold miners. In both cases, the geographic location of Santa Isabel might have made this Yanomami village less isolated than the others, suggesting that the Rio Negro played a central role in increasing its genetic variability. On the whole, the Yanomami were quite genetically diversified, probably mirroring their great linguistic heterogeneity. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:846–856, 2016. © 2016Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Air‐Stable Na3SbS4 Superionic Conductor Prepared by a Rapid and Economic Synthetic Procedure
Authors: Wang Hui , Chen Yan , Hood Zachary D. , Sahu Gayatri , Pandian Amaresh Samuthira , Keum Jong Kahk , An Ke , Liang Chengdu 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAll‐solid‐state sodium batteries, using solid electrolyte and abundant sodium resources, show great promise for safe, low‐cost, and large‐scale energy storage applications. The exploration of novel solid electrolytes is critical for the room temperature operation of all‐solid‐state Na batteries. An ideal solid electrolyte must have high ionic conductivity, hold outstanding chemical and electrochemical stability, and employ low‐cost synthetic methods. Achieving the combination of these properties is a grand challenge for the synthesis of sulfide‐based solid electrolytes. Design of the solid electrolyte Na3SbS4 is described, realizing excellent air stability and an economic synthesis based on hard and soft acid and base (HSAB) theory. This new solid electrolyte also exhibits a remarkably high ionic conductivity of 1 mS cm−1 at 25 °C and ideal compatibility with a metallic sodium anode.
Hydrogen Storage and Selective, Reversible O2 Adsorption in a Metal–Organic Framework with Open Chromium(II) Sites
Authors: Bloch Eric D. , Queen Wendy L. , Hudson Matthew R. , Mason Jarad A. , Xiao Dianne J. , Murray Leslie J. , Flacau Roxana , Brown Craig M. , Long Jeffrey R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA chromium(II)‐based metal–organic framework Cr3[(Cr4Cl)3(BTT)8]2 (Cr‐BTT; BTT3−=1,3,5‐benzenetristetrazolate), featuring coordinatively unsaturated, redox‐active Cr2+ cation sites, was synthesized and investigated for potential applications in H2 storage and O2 production. Low‐pressure H2 adsorption and neutron powder diffraction experiments reveal moderately strong Cr–H2 interactions, in line with results from previously reported M‐BTT frameworks. Notably, gas adsorption measurements also reveal excellent O2/N2 selectivity with substantial O2 reversibility at room temperature, based on selective electron transfer to form CrIII superoxide moieties. Infrared spectroscopy and powder neutron diffraction experiments were used to confirm this mechanism of selective O2 binding.
Total Synthesis of Millingtonine
Authors: Brown Patrick D. , Lawrence Andrew L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMillingtonine is a glycosidic alkaloid that exists as a pair of pseudo‐enantiomeric diastereomers. Consideration of the likely biosynthetic origins of this unusual natural product has resulted in the development of a seven‐step total synthesis. Results from this synthetic work provide evidence in support of a proposed network of biosynthetic pathways that can account for the formation of several phenylethanoid natural products.
Combustion pattern, characteristics, and kinetics of biomass and chars from segmented heating carbonization
Authors: Han Kuihua , Wang Qian , Zhao Jianli , Luo K. H. , Li Hui , Chen Yang , Lu Chunmei 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe combustion patterns, characteristics, and kinetics were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis for raw maize straw, cotton stalk, and chars obtained from segmented heating carbonization at 300–800 °C. With increasing carbonization temperature, combustion patterns of biomass chars transform from the sequential reaction steps corresponding to pyrolysis and heterogeneous oxidation of volatiles and char to the in situ heterogeneous oxidation of fixed carbon and volatiles, the ignition temperature of biomass chars gradually increases, the ignition index does not monotonically increase, and the burnout index and combustion characteristic index decrease to different degrees. Judging from the combustion characteristic index, chars obtained from 300 to 500 °C of carbonization show better combustibility. The kinetic parameters of raw and carbonized biomass were determined by Coats–Redfern method. Different reaction mechanisms exist in oxidation processes of different chars, which attribute to the synergistic effects of homogenous oxidation of volatiles and heterogeneous oxidation of char. The kinetic parameters obtained from the variation of species and model functions exhibit kinetic compensation effect. © 2016 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conformational Preferences and the Phase Stability of Fullerene Hexa‐adducts
Authors: Wu San‐Lien , Hong Chen‐Yang , Wu Kuan‐Yi , Lan Shih‐Ting , Hsieh Chou‐Ting , Chen Hsin‐Lung , Wang Chien‐Lung 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMolecular conformation and the assembly structure determine the spatial arrangements of the constituent units and the functions of a molecule. Although, fullerene hexa‐adducts (FHAs) have been known as functional materials with great versatility, their conformational preferences and phase stability remain a complicate issue. By choosing bithiophene (T2) and dodecyl bithiophene (C12T2) as the peripheral units of FHA, and using microscopic, scattering and diffraction characterizations, our study reveals how the intramolecular interaction and environmental stimulus affects the conformational preferences and phase stability of FHAs.
Effect of oligochitosan and oligo‐β‐glucan supplementation on growth, innate immunity, and disease resistance of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc Duy , Van Dang Phu , Le Anh Quoc , Nguyen Thi Kim Lan , Pham Duy Hai , Van Nguyen Nguyen , Nguyen Quoc Hien 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOligochitosan (COS) and oligo‐β‐glucan (βOG) were prepared by gamma Co‐60 irradiation of chitosan/H2O2 and β‐glucan/H2O2 solutions. The striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) was fed diets containing 0–200 mg COS, βOG, and a mixture of COS/βOG per kg feed for 45 days, and then challenged with Edwardsiella ictaluri bacterium. The effects of supplemented COS, βOG, and a mixture of COS/βOG on immune stimulation and growth performance in striped catfish were investigated. The results indicated that when striped catfish fed with 100–200 mg COS or βOG/kg feed the growth performance was significantly improved and the mortality was considerably decreased. Furthermore, striped catfish fed with supplementation of 50 mg COS + 50 mg βOG/kg feed was the best for increasing weight gain (∼26%) and for decreasing mortality (∼38%) compared with the control group. Moreover, phagocytic activity and lysozyme activity of fish were enhanced by feeding diet‐supplemented COS and/or βOG. Thus, COS and/or βOG can be potentially utilized as the immunostimulants and growth promoters for aquaculture.
WDVS im Holzbau – Optimierter Nachweis des dauerhaften Witterungsschutzes durch Kombination von Messungen im Wandprüfstand und hygrothermischen Simulationen
Authors: Fülle Claudia , Leopold Nadine 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWärmedämm‐Verbundsysteme (WDVS) für die Anwendung auf Außenwänden im Holzbau werden national durch allgemeine bauaufsichtliche Zulassungen geregelt. Im Zuge der Zulassungserteilung muss der dauerhaft wirksame Witterungsschutz der Holzkonstruktion durch das WDVS nachgewiesen werden. Dies kann im Wandprüfstand durch die Messung von Holzfeuchten sowie Temperaturen und rel. Luftfeuchten in verschiedenen Bereichen der Konstruktion bei hygrothermischer Belastung nach ETAG 004 erfolgen. Hersteller von WDVS sind bestrebt, den Zeit‐ und Kostenaufwand für solche Prüfungen zu optimieren, indem aus der Vielzahl der zur Verfügung stehenden Putze und Dämmstoffe nur die ungünstigsten Kombinationen geprüft werden. Die Entscheidung über die ungünstigste Variante wird meistens anhand einzelner Kriterien, wie Wasserdampfdurchlässigkeit des Putzes, getroffen. Die hygrothermischen Simulationen haben jedoch gezeigt, dass bei Einbeziehung verschiedener Randbedingungen die ungünstigste Variante nicht immer erwartungsgemäß ausfällt. Der Beitrag zeigt beispielhaft, wie und unter welchen Voraussetzungen Simulationsberechnungen zu einer sicheren Einschätzung des hygrothermischen Verhaltens der verschiedenen Varianten einer Wandkonstruktion führen.ETICS in timber frame constructions – optimised proof of the permanent weather protection through a combination of measurements on the test bench and hygrothermal simulations. External thermal composite systems with rendering (ETICS) for use on exterior walls in timber frame constructions are regulated nationally through general building inspectorate approvals. In the course of issuing the approval, the permanently effective weather protection of the timber construction must be proven by the external thermal composite system. This can be carried out on the test bench for walls by measuring the timber moisture contents as well as temperatures and rel. humidities in various areas of the construction with a hygrothermal load pursuant to ETAG 004. Manufacturers of ETICS strive to optimise the time and costs of such tests by only testing the most unfavourable combination of renderings and insulating materials from the wide variety that are available. The decision about the most unfavourable variant is usually taken on the basis of only a few criteria such as the water vapour permeability of the rendering. However, hygrothermal simulations have shown that if various marginal conditions are taken into account, the most unfavourable variant is not always as expected. The article shows by way of example how and under which conditions simulation calculations lead to a more reliable estimate of the hygrothermal behaviour of the different variants of a wall construction.
Assessment of penetrant and vehicle mixture properties on transdermal permeability using a mixed effect pharmacokinetic model ofex vivoporcine skin
Authors: Chittenden Jason T. , Riviere Jim E. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe accurate prediction of the rate and extent of transdermal absorption from topical exposure to chemical mixtures would be beneficial in risk assessment and drug delivery applications. The isolated perfused porcine skin flap (IPPSF) has been used as anex vivomodel for assessing transdermal absorption from topical exposures. A mixed effect, pharmacokinetic tissue model was used to model finite dose, transdermal, absorption data from IPPSF experiments for 12 penetrants dosed in up to 10 different vehicles. The model was able to identify permeability constant, while accounting for between and within unit variability, across the entire data set. This approach provides a platform for exploring the relationship between covariates (chemical descriptors and functions thereof) and the model parameters. Successive models were employed that reduced the overall variability in the parameter estimate by modeling the parameters as functions of the covariates. Logkpwas initially modeled as a function of LogPand MW of the pure penetrant (adjustedr2 = 0.48). The addition of mixture factors to account for the different dosing vehicles further improved the relationship: tor2 = 0.56 with Connolly molecular area (CMA) andr2 = 0.78 with the further addition of total polar surface area difference (TPSAd). The pharmacokinetic model and quantitative structure property relationship (QSPR) developed for the IPPSF may be relevant to clinical transdermal formulation development. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Average Fuel‐Efficiency Fallacy: Overestimation of Average Fuel Efficiency and How It Can Lead to Biased Decisions
Authors: Gamliel Eyal , Peer Eyal 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPeople falsely believe that equal increases in vehicles' fuel efficiency (e.g., miles per gallon (MPG)) will result in equal fuel savings. Whereas previous research on this “MPG illusion” has focused on people's biased choices of upgrading vehicle models, it has not examined a more common situation, namely, estimating a given vehicle's fuel efficiency based on the average of two efficiency values (e.g., in the city and on highways). In such situations, we find an additional bias in people's judgment and choice, the average fuel‐efficiency fallacy, in which people falsely believe that the combined fuel efficiency (e.g., of city and highway MPG) is a simple—instead of a harmonic—mean of the two values. Owing to the curvilinear relationship between fuel efficiency and fuel consumption, the combined fuel‐efficiency value would always be lower than the simple average, resulting in consistent overestimations of the actual fuel efficiency. In a series of studies, we demonstrate how this fallacy of overestimating combined fuel efficiency leads to suboptimal choices between vehicles. In addition, we find that the solution prescribed for the MPG illusion—using gallons per 100 miles—does reduce, but not eliminate, the average fuel‐efficiency fallacy, and that comprehension of the gallons per 100 miles measure is a precursory condition for this nudge to have any effect. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alternative Lens Model Equations for Dichotomous Judgments about Dichotomous Criteria
Authors: Hamm Robert M. , Yang Huiqin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe Brunswik lens model typically represents a judge's accuracy using parameters derived from linear regression. This is not optimal if the judgment or the ecological criterion is dichotomous. Alternative approaches, modeling dichotomies using logistic regression, or linearizing judgments with confidence ratings, have not been compared with the same data. Four techniques for deriving lens model equation parameters were compared: (i) linear and (ii) logistic regression applied to dichotomous patient outcomes and judgments; (iii) linear regression with confidence‐adjusted judgments but dichotomous patient outcomes; and (iv) a hybrid with a linear model of the confidence‐adjusted judgments and a logistic model of the patient outcomes. Judgment accuracy (ra) was slightly higher with confidence adjustment of the categorical judgments. The logistic lens model accounted for a higher proportion of ra than the linear lens model; the confident‐linear and hybrid lens models were intermediate. For up to a quarter of participants, different methods identified different cues as most important. Display condition differences in achievement ra and in lens model components are similar with all lens model methods. Each of the three alternative lens model equation methods improves on the linear lens model equation's decomposition of the accuracy of dichotomous judgments. Confidence adjustment improves achievement although it requires additional work from the subjects. The logistic lens model equation explains the highest proportion of achievement, but with a small stimulus set, it is more vulnerable to cue intercorrelations than either the linear or the confident linear lens model equation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.