bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of Scarab White Grubs with Imidacloprid and Halofenozide in a Low Maintenance Turf-Grass Area, 1997
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The turfgrass area in Lewistown, PA, consisted primarily of fine fescue (80%) and weeds (20%). Treatment plots were 8 X 6 ft, arranged in a RCB block design and replicated 3 times. Granular formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker, and top dressing sand was added to facilitate product distribution. Liquid formulations were applied with a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 8002VS TeeJet nozzle mounted on a 6-ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 726 ml of water/48 ft2 or delivering 4 gal/1000 ft2. At the 1st treatment time (19 May) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 72° F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 71° F; soil temperature at 2 inch, 68° F; RH, 70%; amount of thatch, 0.0625 inch; soil textural class, silt loam; soil particle size analysis: % sand, 28.8; % silt, 56.4; % clay, 14.8; organic matter, 3.7%; percent water content (percent of weight), 19.9; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.0; application time, late morning; and skies cloudy. Immediately after application each treatment was irrigated with 0.25 inch of water. At the 2nd treatment time (11 Jun) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 75° F; soil temperature at 1-inch depth, 74° F; soil temperature at 2 inch, 69° F; RH, 80.0%; amount of thatch, 0.0625 inch; soil textural class, silt loam; soil particle size analysis: % sand, 22.4; % silt, 62.6; % clay, 15.0; organic matter, 4.3%; percent water content (percent by weight), 20.7; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 5.9; application time, mid-morning; and skies sunny. Immediately after application each treatment was irrigated with 0.25 inch of water. At the 3rd treatment time (14 Jul) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 98° F; soil temperature at 1-inch depth, 91° F; soil temperature at 2 inch, 87° F; RH, 76%; amount of thatch, 0.0625 inch; soil textural class, silt loam; soil particle size analysis: % sand, 28.9; % silt, 56.2; % clay, 14.9; organic matter, 6.2%; percent water content (percent by weight), 13.5; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 5.7; application time, mid-morning; and skies sunny. Immediately after application each treatment was irrigated with 0.25 inch of water. At the 4th treatment time (21 Aug) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 71° F; soil temperature at 1-inch depth, 70° F; soil temperature at 2 inch. 68° F; RH, 74%; amount of thatch, 0.0625 inch; soil textural class, silt loam; soil particle size analysis: % sand, 26.3% silt, 60.4; % clay, 13.3; organic matter, 4.2%; percent water content (percent by weight), 20.8; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.1; application time, mid-morning; and skies sunny. Immediately after application, each treatment was irrigated with 0.25 inch of water. Post-treatment counts were made on 18 Sep. Three ft2 sod samples were randomly taken from each replicate, and the total number of scarab white grubs/ft2 was recorded.
Spider Mite Control on Rose Plants, 1997
Authors: Smitley D. R. , Davis T. W. , Williams M. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Rose plants were kept in a nursery holding area on the campus of Michigan State University. The rose plants, 2-3 ft tall, were container grown in 2 gal pots. They were hand irrigated 3 times per week. Counts were made by taking ten randomly sampled leaves per plant and observing the number of mites and eggs present by using a dissecting microscope. Pre-treatment counts were made on 25 Jul. Five replications of each treatment were blocked using an adjusted count which represented 45% of the eggs added to the total number of adult mites. This was done because some plants had a few mites, but a large number of viable eggs at the time of pre-counts. Treatments were applied on 29 Jul using an R & D CO2 sprayer with an 8003 nozzle at 30 psi. The plants were sprayed to runoff. The checks were sprayed with water. Post-counts were taken on 4 Aug and 18 Aug.
Control of Poplar-and-Willow Borer, 1996-1997
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Trials were conducted at the Upper Colorado Environmental Plant Center on willow shrubs used for propagation that had sustained serious injury by poplar-and-willow borer. Objectives of the trial were to identify optimal treatment timing for control and to evaluate both a chlorpyrifos (Dursban) and permethrin (Astro) insecticide for relative efficacy. Plot design was a RCB with eight replications. Applications were made on 3 dates during 1996, using a hand-operated compressed-air sprayer that provided a drenching spray of the lower 2.5 ft of trunk. Evaluations were made 10 Jun of 1997, by counting all active borer holes evident by extruded frass.
Evaluation of Transgenic Corn Against European Corn Borer, 1997C
Authors: Ostlie K. R. , Luedeman J. , Price P. , Helgeson K. , Rowe J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was conducted to assess the performance of Bacillus thuringienis (Bt) trangenic corn hybrids (100- and 105-day RM) and comparable non-Bt hybrids against a natural ECB infestation in east central Minnesota. Plots, each measuring 50 ft by 8 rows (30- inch row spacing), were established in Dakota silt loam soil on 19 May at a rate of 32,000 seeds per acre. Plots were arranged in a RCB with four replications. ECB injury assessments for first generation on 30 Jul included % shotholing from the center two rows of each plot and leaf injury ratings (1 to 9 scale) from 10 plants per plot. Tunnel length and number from first generation were measured from 10 plants per plot on 13-15 Aug. Measurements for second generation ECB on 14, 20, & 27 Oct included cumulative tunnel length and number, fall larvae, ear and shank damage from 10 plants per plot. Plants were harvested on 6 Nov and yields were corrected to 15.5% moisture.
Flea Beetle Control, 1997
Authors: Collins J. A. , Drummond F. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Materials were applied on 11 Jun to 20- by 20 ft-plots in bearing blueberry fields at Jonesport (Test 1) and Township 19 (Test 2), Maine. There were 3 (Test 1) or 4 (Test 2) replications of each treatment and a minimum 5-ft untreated buffer strip around each plot. Treatments were blocked according to prespray population levels. Insecticides were applied at a rate of 25 gpa using a CO2-propelled 80-inch boom sprayer, with 4, flat-spray 80002VS TeeJet® nozzles operating at 35 psi. At treatment, larvae were mid- to late instar and plants were at full bloom. On sampling dates indicated in the table, 10 sweeps with a standard 12-inch sweep-out were taken systematically through the center area of each plot avoiding plot boundaries. Any FB larvae were counted and then distributed back into the same plot. For Test 1, on each of 2 dates (12 and 18 Jun), 20 FB larvae were collected from a plot which had been treated with Mycotrol ES. The larvae were surface disinfected with zephiran chloride, maintained in the laboratory, and observed for sporulation of Beauveria bassiana. No usual weather conditions were observed during the trial.
Thrips Control, 1997
Authors: Collins J. A. , Drummond F. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Materials were applied to 13- by 13-ft plots in vegetative blueberry fields at Dresden (Test 1) and Columbia Falls (Test 2), Maine. Blueberry plant developmental stage varied for each treatment; timing is given in the table. Each treatment had four replications in a randomized block design with a minimum 5-ft untreated buffer strip between each set of 4 plots. Insecticides were applied at a rate of 25 gpa using a CO2-propelled 80-inch boom sprayer, with 4, flat-spray 80002VS TeeJet® nozzles operating at 35 psi. On 23 Jun (Test 1) and 25 Jun (Test 2), the percentage of lowbush blueberry’s stems with and without thrips’ curls was determined from each of 4, sq ft samples per plot; 16 per treatment. Blueberry stems were 2-3 inches tall on both dates.
Control of Lepidopteran Pests on Cabbage with Emamectin Benzoate and Bacillus Thuringiensis, 1997
Authors: Stansly P. A. , Conner J. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two sets of 3 beds, 240 ft long on 6-ft centers and separated by a 15-ft drive, were prepared by fumigating with methyl bromide/chloropicrin 67/33% at a rate of 220 lbs/acre, fertilizing with a bottom mix of 800 lbs/acre 5-16-8 and a top mix of 210 lbs/acre of 19-0-19, and covering with a black polyethylene mulch. The center row in each set of 3 was planted 20 Nov 1996 with collard seedlings var ‘Georgia’ seeded 15 Oct 96 to provide inoculum of the target pests. Greenhouse-grown seedlings planted in flats on 10 Dec 1996 were transplanted in single rows on 29 Jan 1997 at 18-inch spacing and watered by a semiclosed irrigation system. An additional 46 lbs/acre of N and K was injected into the beds 30 days after transplanting and plants were sprayed with Bravo 720 at 1.5 pt/acre after transplanting for disease control. Each row of cabbage was considered one of 4 replicates and divided into 5 plots 34 ft long 5; to which treatments were randomly assigned in a RCB design. Sixty plants per row were checked for the presence of target pests on 13 Mar and treatments initiated after an average of 0.48 DBM larva per plant was observed. All treatments were sprayed weekly beginning 17 Mar for 5 weeks at a rate of 32 gpa , using a high-clearance sprayer at 200 psi of pressure and 3 yellow hollow cone AlbuzTM ceramic nozzles per row. Weekly evaluations 3 to 5 days after application on 12 randomly selected plants per plot consisted of counts of live DBM, CSW, CL larvae and a damage rating on 5 upper wrapper leaves and 3 J outer leaves of the head. Damage was rated as 0 = none, 1 = minor feeding (0-1 %) on wrapper leaves, 2 = 2-5% wrapper leaf surface, no head damage, 3 = 6-10% wrapper leaf area consumed with minor feeding on head, 4=11-30% wrapper leaf area consumed with moderate feeding on head, 5 = &gt;30% wrapper leaf area eaten, considerable feeding and numerous feeding scares on head. At harvest the 15 largest heads per treatment were selected and graded for marketability based on amount of insect damage. The “Fancy” category had no insect damage to the head when harvested, whereas “standard” heads were damaged but could be salvaged for market by peeling the damaged outer leaves. The weight of the remaining “Standard” heads was added to the weight of the “Fancy” heads to obtain an estimate of marketable weight. A category of culls consisted of heads that were not salvageable due to extensive ; insect damage.
Operative Management for Pediatric and Adolescent Scaphoid Nonunions: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Jauregui Julio J. , Seger Edward W. , Hesham Khalid , Walker Sarah E. , Abraham Roby , Abzug Joshua M. 
Published: December 2017

Introduction:
Scaphoid fractures in the pediatric population represent ∼3% of all hand and carpal fractures. Cast immobilization has been shown to yield excellent results in the acute phase, however some patients develop nonunions. Currently, there is no consensus regarding the best surgical treatment after development of a pediatric/adolescent scaphoid nonunion.

Methods:
A comprehensive literature review was performed utilizing Medline, Ovid, and Embase databases to compare surgical techniques for adolescent scaphoid nonunions on the basis of union rates, functional outcomes, and operative complications. Our initial search returned 2110 publications. Inclusion criteria consisted of a scaphoid fracture with >3 months of no clinical or radiographic improvement after cast immobilization and age less than 18 years. Ultimately, 11 studies met our criteria and were included in the final analysis.

Results:
A total of 176 surgically treated pediatric/adolescent scaphoid nonunions were identified from the 11 studies, including 157 nonvascularized bone graft procedures and 19 nongrafted rigid fixation procedures. Patients treated with a nongrafted method achieved union with a total random effects model revealing a union rate of 94.6%, whereas the grafted cohort had a union rate of 94.8%. Functional outcomes including range of motion and grip strength were significantly improved in both cohorts. Patients managed operatively with bone graft had 4 complications, in contrast those without bone grafting did not report complications (P=0.9).

Conclusion:
Surgical treatment of pediatric/adolescent scaphoid fracture nonunions produce excellent union rates and functional outcomes after surgical intervention, using both grafted and nongrafted techniques. Future prospective studies are needed to assess if the outcomes of a specific technique are more favorable, as well as to determine if differences exist based on fracture location.

Level of Evidence:
Level III. This study is a meta-analysis of studies containing level of evidence of III or greater.
PARACENTRAL ACUTE MIDDLE MACULOPATHY IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Chen Xuejing , Desai Shilpa J. , Baumal Caroline R. 
Published: December 2017

Purpose:
To describe a case of paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) during the first trimester of pregnancy without other ocular or systemic comorbidities.

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
A 31-year-old woman in her first trimester of pregnancy presented with a paracentral scotoma in the absence of other retinal pathology or systemic associations. Optical coherence tomography showed a classic acute PAMM lesion, and optical coherence tomography angiography showed preservation of vascular flow in the area of the PAMM lesion 1 week after symptom onset. Subsequent workup for underlying systemic disease that can affect the retinal vasculature was negative.

Conclusion:
Paracentral acute middle maculopathy lesions have been described in eyes with retinal vascular disease and in people with systemic vascular diseases or events. This is the first described case of a PAMM lesion in the absence of associated factors other than an uncomplicated pregnancy.
Premature Termination of Psychotherapy in Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Gamache Dominick , Savard Claudia , Lemelin Sophie , Côté Alexandre , Villeneuve Évens 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The goal of the present study was to establish profiles of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) who dropped out early from an outpatient psychotherapy program. From a sample of 56 BPD patients who dropped out after the first of a three-year program, a TwoStep cluster analysis procedure was performed, using the five factors of the Treatment Attrition-Retention Scale for Personality Disorders (Gamache et al., J Pers Disord 1–21, 2017) and the Global Assessment of Functioning score (Spitzer et al., Global Assessment of Functioning [GAF] Scale. In Sederer LI, Dickey B [Eds], Outcomes assessment in clinical practice [pp 76–78]. Baltimore, MD: Walter and Williams) as clustering variables. Four clusters emerged: Higher-functioning, Narcissistic features/entitlement, Pseudo-normality, and Highly dysfunctional. Differences between the clusters were found on sex, occupational status, and presence of antisocial features. These findings could help both identify BPD patients at potential risk of dropping out of psychotherapy and adjust interventions accordingly to reduce premature termination.
Mechanisms of Image Stabilization in Central Vision Loss: Smooth Pursuit
Authors: González Esther G. , Tarita-Nistor Luminita , Mandelcorn Efrem , Mandelcorn Mark , Steinbach Martin J. 
Published: December 2017

SIGNIFICANCE
In addition to understanding the adaptive mechanisms of eccentric viewing during smooth pursuit, the ocular motor adaptations of patients with central vision loss give us a better understanding of the basic mechanisms of smooth pursuit in the healthy visual system.

PURPOSE
For patients with age-related macular degeneration and controls with normal vision, we examined the closed-loop gain of horizontal and vertical smooth pursuit eye movements as a function of stimulus speed and direction. We hypothesized that pursuit gain functions would be affected by stimulus speed and the location of the preferred retinal locus (PRL) in relation to the scotoma as determined by a fixation stability task using a microperimeter. Specifically, that a PRL on the left of the scotoma in the visual field would decrease the rightward gain relative to the leftward gain and a PRL below the scotoma in the visual field would decrease the upward gain.

METHODS
Ten patients and 15 controls were tested in a step–ramp procedure with direction (left/right for horizontal motion; up/down for vertical motion), speed (5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 deg/s), and five replication conditions randomized and blocked by orientation (horizontal vs. vertical).

RESULTS
Horizontal pursuit had a higher gain than vertical pursuit. The two eyes of the patients moved conjugately with similar smooth pursuit gains. For horizontal pursuit, all patients, regardless of PRL location, showed significantly better pursuit of leftward motion. For vertical pursuit, downward pursuit had a higher gain than upward pursuit for most patients.

CONCLUSIONS
PRL location was not predictive of the directional preponderance of pursuit performance. These results imply that patients may not use the PRL that was initially found during a static fixation task; they may adapt to the task by using a PRL that appears more suitable.
Specific symptoms may discriminate between fibromyalgia patients with vs without objective test evidence of small-fiber polyneuropathy
Authors: Lodahl Mette , Treister Roi , Oaklander Anne Louise 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Introduction:
Multiple studies now confirm that ∼40% of patients with fibromyalgia syndrome meet diagnostic criteria for small-fiber polyneuropathy (SFPN) and have objective pathologic or physiologic evidence of SFPN, whereas 60% do not. Given possibilities that tens or hundreds of millions globally could have SFPN, developing screening tools becomes important.

Objectives:
This analysis explored whether specific symptoms might help distinguish these fibromyalgia endophenotypes.

Methods:
With institutional review board approval, all adults tested for SFPN by distal-leg skin biopsy or autonomic function testing at Massachusetts General Hospital in 2014 to 2015 were queried about symptoms. Inclusion required a physician's fibromyalgia syndrome diagnosis plus meeting the American College of Rheumatology 2010 Fibromyalgia Criteria. The primary outcome was the validated Small-fiber Symptom Survey, which captures severity of all known SFPN-associated symptoms. The Composite Autonomic Symptom Score-31, Short-Form Health Survey-36, and Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaires provided secondary outcomes.

Results:
Among the 39 participants, 14 had test-confirmed SFPN (SFPN+) and 25 did not (SFPN−). Their pain severity did not differ. Paresthesias (“tingling”) were different (worse) in the SFPN+ group (3.14 ± 0.9 vs 2.28 ± 1.1; P = 0.16). Their component subscore for dysautonomia symptoms was also worse (10.42 ± 4.0 vs 7.16 ± 4.0; P = 0.019). Receiver operating characteristic analyses revealed that each item had fair diagnostic utility in predicting SFPN, with areas under the curve of 0.729. No secondary questionnaires discriminated significantly.

Conclusion:
Among patients with fibromyalgia, most symptoms overlap between those with or without confirmed SFPN. Symptoms of dysautonomia and paresthesias may help predict underlying SFPN. The reason to screen for SFPN is because—unlike fibromyalgia—its medical causes can sometimes be identified and definitively treated or cured.
Application of a Healthcare Failure Modes and Effects Analysis to Identify and Mitigate Potential Risks in the Implementation of a National Prehospital Pediatric Rapid Sequence Intubation Program
Authors: Howard Ian , Castle Nicholas , Al Shaikh Loua Asad 
Published: December 2017

Introduction

Rapid sequence intubation (RSI) has become the de facto airway method of choice in the emergency airway management of adult and pediatric patients. There is significant controversy regarding pediatric RSI in the prehospital setting, given not only the complexities inherent in both the procedure and patient population, but in variations in emergency medical service models, prehospital qualifications, scope of practice, and patient exposure too.

Methods
A Healthcare Failure Mode and Effects Analysis was conducted to identify and mitigate potential hazards in the national implementation of a prehospital pediatric RSI program. A process map and potential failure points were developed and identified. Probabilities, severity, and hazards scores were calculated for each failure point, and actions items developed to address these.

Results
One hundred four potential failure points were identified among 44 subprocesses, divided between nine major processes. In terms of severity, most were classified as either major (n = 39 [37.5%]) or catastrophic (n = 35 [33.7%]) with just more than half falling within the uncommon category (n = 56 [53.9%]) in terms of probability. Five strategic actions items were identified to mitigate against the failure points meeting criteria for action. To monitor the success of these, 11 quality and performance indicators were developed for concurrent implementation.

Conclusions
The Healthcare Failure Mode and Effects Analysis represents a simple yet comprehensive first step toward risk analysis of complex procedures within the prehospital emergency care setting. Application of the methodology provided guidance for the consensus identification of hazards associated with prehospital pediatric RSI and appropriate actions to mitigate them.
Use of Oral Hydration Protocols for Dysphagic Patients Following Stroke
Authors: Goroff Holly , Herzog Lauren , Cardi Roseann , Reding Michael 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of the study was to describe the use of oral hydration protocols for dysphagic patients following stroke.

Design and Methods
We reviewed inpatient records for patients able to take food and liquids orally within 30 days of an ischemic stroke. Orders were hierarchically defined with three levels of liquid consistency modification (LCM) and six levels of augmented hydration orders (AHOs). Change from admission to discharge in hydration and functional independence measure (FIM) scores across LCM and AHO groups was assessed.

Findings
Length of stay, admission FIM, discharge FIM, and change in FIM scores were all significantly related to LCM and AHO group assignment. Need for supplemental intravenous hydration was low (6.9%) over the 2-year study period and was significantly related to both LCM and AHO group assignment.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance
The association of LCM and AHO interventions with functional outcomes and need for intravenous fluids helps to validate their clinical utility.