bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repertoires of Resistance: The Handloom Weavers of South India, c.1800–1960
Authors: Dietrich Wielenga Karuna 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe article describes and analyses contrasting forms of protest employed by handloom weavers in South India at two key points in time – the early nineteenth and mid-twentieth centuries. Following Tilly, it examines how changes in the state’s regulatory regime influenced modes of resistance, but extends this analysis to the influence of production structures and social/cultural factors such as caste. It also maps internal structures of solidarity and the changing role of caste and class in shaping them. It tries to show how repertoires of resistance altered with changes, not just in the regulatory regime, but the broader socio-economic context, and foregrounds their adaptability and dynamism. It explores forms of protest and organization shared by weavers with workers from a wide range of occupations (including factory workers). Above all, it questions the notion of the unchanging character of “primordial” identities while seeking to provide a fuller understanding of the emerging dynamic of collective consciousness amongst non-factory workers in modern India.
Can Peasants Make a Revolution? Colonialism, Labour, and Power Relations in Pierre Bourdieu’s Algerian Inquiries
Authors: Rapini Andrea 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis article analyses the Algerian inquiries of Pierre Bourdieu. It begins by retracing the most pervasive, medium- and long-term interventions of French colonial power in Algerian society: the introduction of capitalism and the internment of civilians in thecentres de regroupement. Next, it outlines the social subjects studied by the youngagrégéof philosophy and his representation of labour. Subsequent sections deal with shifts in the public stance of Bourdieu regarding the revolutionary propensity of these people. On this tricky testing ground, Bourdieu engaged with and critically confronted the ideas of Germaine Tillion and Frantz Fanon. His position is reviewed from a historical-philological approach in order to set the texts in their temporal and spatial contexts, establish parallels and/or divergences, and verify the effects such comparisons produced. The conclusions emphasize the richness and originality of Bourdieu’s inquiries given the era in which they were made and highlight, in light of the recent global reorientation of labour history, some of the vital viewpoints expressed on the origins of capitalism in the colony.
Model-based benchmarking of the production potential of plantains (Musa spp., AAB): application to five real plantain and four plantain-like hybrid varieties in Cameroon
Authors: DÉPIGNY S. , LESCOT T. , ACHARD R. , DIOUF O. , COTE F. X. , FONBAH C. , SADOM L. , TIXIER P. 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARYA great many plantain varieties are cropped in West and Central Africa, and there is a lack of information about their production potential and suitability for cropping system environments. To obtain benchmark data for the production potential of plantain varieties, experimental and modelling approaches were combined to determine intrinsic growth parameters and to increase understanding of factors affecting yield. Five real plantains commonly cropped in Cameroon and representative of plantain group diversity (Batard, Big Ebanga, Essong, French clair and Mbouroukou n°3) and four plantain-like hybrids (CRBP39, D248, D535 and FHIA21) were studied. A process-based growth model (the AAB model) was developed that accounts for specific characteristics of the plantain crop that includes parameters affecting growth, development and yield. Varietal-specific parameters were determined in a field experiment conducted under nearly non-limiting production conditions while general parameters were drawn from the literature. Parameters describing the conversion of intercepted radiation into dry matter were evaluated by model fitting. Photosynthetic efficiency was significantly higher for real plantains than for plantain-like hybrids. The model realistically simulated development, growth and bunch production for five varieties. These results are the first step in developing a useful tool for assessing the suitability of plantain varieties to different environments. The current study highlights the need for greater knowledge of plantain physiology in order to better model plantain growth and develop variety-specific production approaches.
Release of orange-fleshed sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas [l.] Lam.) cultivars in Mozambique through an accelerated breeding scheme
Authors: ANDRADE M. I. , RICARDO J. , NAICO A. , ALVARO A. , MAKUNDE G. S. , LOW J. , ORTIZ R. , GRÜNEBERG W. J. 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARYSweetpotato breeding requires at least 5 years to obtain an advanced breeding clone for further testing with the goal of cultivar release. An accelerated breeding scheme (ABS) can be feasible if the genotype × year interaction is low. The objectives of the present study were to describe an ABS for sweetpotato and to investigate the efficiency of this breeding scheme for selecting high-yielding and well-adapted orange-fleshed sweetpotato (OFSP) cultivars with high β-carotene (BC) content. More than 198 500 seeds from two crossing blocks were germinated and rapidly multiplied for evaluation in observation trials at four breeding locations in Mozambique. Breeding clones with storage root yields above 10 t/ha were advanced to preliminary and advanced yield trials across four sites and for 3 years. As a result, 64 high-yielding OFSP breeding clones were selected and evaluated in four mega-environments following a randomized complete block design with three replicates at Angónia, Chókwè, Gurúè and Umbelúzi. Data from multi-environment trials were subjected to single site and combined analysis of variance as well as to stability analysis. The genotype × environment interaction was highly significant for storage root and vine yields, dry matter (DM) and BC content. Storage root yield and DM content for 15 OFSP breeding clones ranged from 14·9 to 27·1 t/ha and from 24·8 to 32·8%, respectively. BC content, iron and zinc ranged from 5·9 to 38·4, 1·6 to 2·1 and 1·1 to 1·5 mg/100 g dry weight, respectively. The OFSP breeding clones also met the culinary tastes required by local consumers in Mozambique. The proposed ABS seems to be an attractive scheme for genetic enhancement of sweetpotato.
Facial nerve anomalies in paediatric cochlear implant candidates: radiological evaluation
Authors: Palabiyik F B , Hacikurt K , Yazici Z 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackground:Pre-operative radiological identification of facial nerve anomalies can help prevent intra-operative facial nerve injury during cochlear implantation. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and configuration of facial nerve anomalies and their concurrence with inner-ear anomalies in cochlear implant candidates.Methods:Inner-ear and concomitant facial nerve anomalies were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging and temporal high-resolution computed tomography in 48 children with congenital sensorineural hearing loss who were cochlear implant candidates.Results:Inner-ear anomalies were present in 11 out of 48 patients (23 per cent) and concomitant facial nerve anomalies were present on 7 sides in 4 patients (7 per cent of the total). Facial nerve anomalies were accompanied by cochlear or vestibular malformation.Conclusion:Potential facial nerve abnormalities should always be considered in patients with inner-ear anomalies. Pre-operative facial nerve imaging can increase the surgeon's confidence to plan and perform cochlear implantation. Magnetic resonance imaging should be used to detect inner-ear anomalies; if these are identified, temporal high-resolution computed tomography should be used to evaluate the facial nerve.
Olfactory neuroblastoma: 14-year experience at an Australian tertiary centre and the role for longer-term surveillance
Authors: Schmidt C , Potter N , Porceddu S , Panizza B 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackground:Olfactory neuroblastoma is a rare sinonasal malignancy, with poorly defined treatment protocols. Management at a tertiary centre was retrospectively evaluated to inform future treatment and follow up.Methods:Cases treated with curative intent (2000–2014) were included. Data were collected, and overall and disease-free survival rates were calculated.Results:Eleven cases were identified, with a median follow up of 87 months. One patient was Kadish stage A, one was stage B, eight were stage C and one was stage D. The latter patient underwent chemoradiotherapy alone. The remaining patients proceeded to: endoscopic-assisted wide local excision (n = 2), anterior craniofacial resection (n = 4) or endoscopic craniofacial resection (n = 4). No patients had primary nodal disease or elective neck treatment. One patient had neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Six patients had post-operative radiotherapy; three received adjuvant chemotherapy. Two patients had late cervical node failure, and proceeded to neck dissection and post-operative radiotherapy. Two patients had late local recurrence. Ten-year overall and disease-free survival rates were 68.2 and 46.7 per cent, respectively.Conclusion:Longer-term follow up is supported given the incidence of late regional and local recurrence. Prophylactic treatment of cervical nodes in locally advanced disease is an area for further investigation.
Evaluation of the subjective efficacy of nasal surgery
Authors: Wu J , Zang H R , Wang T , Zhou B , Ye J Y , Li Y C , Han D M 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectives:This study aimed to evaluate subjective symptom changes in obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnea syndrome patients following nasal surgery, and to explore treatment efficacy in improving patient quality of life.Methods:Patients with nasal blockage accompanied by habitual snoring were stratified into four groups. Their subjective symptoms were evaluated before and after nasal surgery.Results:There was a significant decrease in the nasal blockage symptom visual analogue scale, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Snore Outcomes Survey, Spouse/Bed Partners Survey and Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 20 scores for all patients at six months after surgery. The visual analogue scale score for subjective olfactory function was significantly improved in the severe obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnea syndrome patient group.Conclusion:Nasal surgery can effectively improve the subjective symptoms of patients with simple snoring accompanied by nasal blockage and of patients with obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnea syndrome, thus improving their quality of life.
Association of accessory sphenoid septa with variations in neighbouring structures
Authors: Aksoy F , Yenigun A , Goktas S S , Ozturan O 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to examine the relationship of the accessory sphenoidal septum with surrounding vital structures and their variations.Methods:This cross-sectional retrospective study investigated the prevalence of accessory sphenoidal septa and their relationship with variations in surrounding vital structures in coronal and axial paranasal computed tomography images.Results:Coronal and axial computed tomography images of 347 patients were assessed to evaluate the presence of accessory sphenoidal septa. Accessory sphenoidal septa originated from the internal carotid artery in 47.7 per cent of patients and from the optic nerve in 17.5 per cent. These structures were significantly associated with protrusion of the optic nerve, internal carotid canal or Vidian nerve canal.Conclusion:Accessory sphenoidal septa can originate from the internal carotid artery or the optic nerve. Therefore, the presence of an accessory sphenoidal septum indicates an increased risk of surgical complications including internal carotid artery injury and loss of vision due to optic nerve injury.
Social and economic consequences of alcohol use disorder: a longitudinal cohort and co-relative analysis
Authors: Kendler K. S. , Ohlsson H. , Karriker-Jaffe K. J. , Sundquist J. , Sundquist K. 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundAlthough alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with future risk for psychosocial dysfunction, the degree to which this arises from a direct causal effect of AUD on functioning v. from correlated risk factors (also known as confounders) is less clearly established.MethodAUD was assessed from Swedish medical, criminal and pharmacy registries. In a large general population cohort, using Cox proportional hazard and regression models, we predicted from the onset of AUD four outcomes: early retirement, unemployment, social assistance, and individual income. We then examined the degree to which these associations were attenuated by relevant confounders as well as by the use of discordant cousin, half-sibling, full-sibling, and monozygotic twin pairs.ResultsIn males, AUD most strongly predicted social assistance [hazard ratio (HR) 8.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 7.96–8.59], followed by early retirement (HR 5.63, 95% CI 5.53–5.72) and unemployment (HR 2.75, 95% CI 2.65–2.85). For income at age 50, AUD was associated with a decrease in income of 0.24 s.d.s (95% CI −0.25 to −0.23). Results were similar in females. Modest to moderate attenuation of these associations was seen in both sexes after the addition of relevant covariates. These associations were reduced but remained robust in discordant co-relative pairs, including monozygotic twins.ConclusionsOur results suggest that AUD has a causal impact on a range of measures reflective of psychosocial dysfunction. These findings provide strong support for the drift hypothesis. However, some of the associations between AUD and dysfunction appear to be non-causal and result from shared risk factors, many of which are likely familial.
QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF ETHICS ANALYSES FOR HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSSESSMENT
Authors: Scott Anna Mae , Bond Kenneth , Gutiérrez-Ibarluzea Iñaki , Hofmann Björn , Sandman Lars 
Published: December 2016

Objectives: Although consideration of ethical issues is recognized as a crucial part of health technology assessment, ethics analysis for HTA is generally perceived as methodologically underdeveloped in comparison to other HTA domains. The aim of our study is (i) to verify existing tools for quality assessment of ethics analyses for HTA, (ii) to consider some arguments for and against the need for quality assessment tools for ethics analyses for HTA, and (iii) to propose a preliminary set of criteria that could be used for assessing the quality of ethics analyses for HTA.Methods: We systematically reviewed the literature, reviewed HTA organizations’ Web sites, and solicited views from thirty-two experts in the field of ethics for HTA.Results: The database and HTA agency Web site searches yielded 420 references (413 from databases, seven from HTA Web sites). No formal instruments for assessing the quality of ethics analyses for HTA purposes were identified. Thirty-two experts in the field of ethics for HTA from ten countries, who were brought together at two workshops held in Edmonton (Canada) and Cologne (Germany) confirmed the findings from the literature.Conclusions: Generating a quality assessment tool for ethics analyses in HTA would confer considerable benefits, including methodological alignment with other areas of HTA, increase in transparency and transferability of ethics analyses, and provision of common language between the various participants in the HTA process. We propose key characteristics of quality assessment tools for this purpose, which can be applied to ethics analyses for HTA purposes.
Modelling tree growth to determine the sustainability of current off-take from miombo woodland: a case study from rural villages in Malawi
Authors: GREEN EMMA L. , EIGENBROD FELIX , SCHRECKENBERG KATE , WILLCOCK SIMON 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARYMiombo woodlands supply ecosystem services to support livelihoods in southern Africa, however, rapid deforestation has necessitated greater knowledge of tree growth and off-take rates to understand the sustainability of miombo exploitation. We established 48 tree inventory plots within four villages in southern Malawi, interviewed representatives in these same villages about tree management practices and investigated the impact of climate on vegetation dynamics in the region using the ecosystem modelling framework LPJ-GUESS. Combining our data with the forest yield model MYRLIN revealed considerable variation in growth rates across different land uses; forested lands showed the highest growth rates (1639 [95% confidence interval 1594–1684] kg ha–1 year–1), followed by settlement areas (1453 [95% confidence interval 1376–1530] kg ha–1 year–1). Based on the modelled MYRLIN results, we found that 50% of the villages had insufficient growth rates to meet estimated off-take. Furthermore, the results from LPJ-GUESS indicated that sustainable off-take approaches zero in drought years. Local people have recognized the unsustainable use of natural resources and have begun planting activities in order to ensure that ecosystem services derived from miombo woodlands are available for future generations. Future models should incorporate the impacts of human disturbance and climatic variation on vegetation dynamics; such models should be used to support the development and implementation of sustainable forest management.
Are buyers of forest ecosystem services willing to consider distributional impacts of payments to local suppliers? Results from a choice experiment in Antananarivo, Madagascar
Authors: RANDRIANARISON HENINTSOA , WÄTZOLD FRANK 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARYA controversial issue in the debate on payments for ecosystem services (PESs) is whether distributional goals should be considered in the design of such schemes. We contribute to this debate by analysing the preferences of citizens of Antananarivo (Madagascar) as potential buyers of forest ecosystem services from a developing country. We conducted a choice experiment to investigate citizens’ willingness to pay to conserve the endemic spiny forests in southwest Madagascar and their preferences for including distributional goals in the design of a PES scheme aimed at spiny forest conservation. We found that respondents were willing to pay for forest conservation and preferred a PES scheme in which the poorest households in a community would receive the largest share of payments over a scheme in which every household would receive the same share, which, in turn, they preferred over a PES scheme in which they would have no information about its distributional impact. In comparing these results with those of a similar survey in a developed country (in Cottbus, Germany), we find that the preference ranking regarding distributional impacts is identical. However, citizens in Cottbus attach greater importance to the consideration of distributive goals in PESs than citizens in Antananarivo.
Managing Heart Failure in Long-Term Care: Recommendations from an Interprofessional Stakeholder Consultation
Authors: Heckman George A. , Boscart Veronique M. , D’Elia Teresa , Kelley Mary Lou , Kaasalainen Sharon , McAiney Carrie A. , van der Horst Mary-Lou , McKelvie Robert S. 
Published: December 2016

RÉSUMÉInsuffisance cardiaque (IC) affecte autant que 20 pour cent des résidents en soins de longue durée (SLD), et est associée à la morbidité substantielle, la mortalité et l’utilisation des services de santé. L’objectif de notre étude était de formuler des recommandations sur la mise en œuvre de processus pour prendre soin de l’insuffisance cardiaque dans SLD. Un processus de consultation itérative triphasé avec les parties prenantes a été guidé par la participation d’un panel d’experts et a servi à élaborer des recommandations. Dix-sept recommandations ont été faites. Éléments clés des celles-ci se concentrent sur l’amélioration de la communication interprofessionnelle et accroître les connaissances relatives à l’insuffisance cardiaque entre tous les intervenants dans SLD. Des recommandations systématiques incluent améliorer la communication entre les foyers de SLD et soins aigus et autres prestataires de santé externes, et développer des interventions dans l’ensemble des installations afin de réduire les apports de sodium alimentaire et d’augmenter l’activité physique.
Staff exchange within and between nursing homes in The Netherlands and potential implications for MRSA transmission
Authors: VAN GAALEN R. D. , HOPMAN H. A. , HAENEN A. , VAN DEN DOOL C. 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARYA recent countrywide MRSA spa-type 1081 outbreak in The Netherlands predominantly affected nursing homes, generating questions on how infection spreads within and between nursing homes despite a low national prevalence. Since the transfer of residents between nursing homes is uncommon in The Netherlands, we hypothesized that staff exchange plays an important role in transmission. This exploratory study investigated the extent of former (last 2 years) and current staff exchange within and between nursing homes in The Netherlands. We relied on a questionnaire that was targeted towards nursing-home staff members who had contact with residents. We found that 17·9% and 12·4% of the nursing-home staff formerly (last 2 years) or currently worked in other healthcare institutes besides their job in the nursing home through which they were selected to participate in this study. Moreover, 39·7% of study participants worked on more than one ward. Our study shows that, in The Netherlands, nursing-home staff form a substantial number of links between wards within nursing homes and nursing homes are linked to a large network of healthcare institutes through their staff members potentially providing a pathway for MRSA transmission between nursing homes and throughout the country.
Cowpox in a human, Russia, 2015
Authors: POPOVA A. Y. , MAKSYUTOV R. A. , TARANOV O. S. , TREGUBCHAK T. V. , ZAIKOVSKAYA A. V. , SERGEEV A. A. , VLASHCHENKO I. V. , BODNEV S. A. , TERNOVOI V. A. , ALEXANDROVA N. S. , TARASOV A. L. , KONOVALOVA N. V. , KOROLEVA A. A. , BULYCHEV L. E. , PYANKOV O. V. , DEMINA Y. V. , AGAFONOV A. P. , SHCHELKUNOV S. N. , MIHEEV V. N. 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARYWe investigated the first laboratory-confirmed human case of cowpox virus infection in Russia since 1991. Phylogenetic studies of haemagglutinin, TNF-α receptor-like protein and thymidine kinase regions showed significant differences with known orthopoxviruses, including unique amino-acid substitutions and deletions. The described cowpox virus strain, taking into account differences, is genetically closely related to strains isolated years ago in the same geographical region (European part of Russia and Finland), which suggests circulation of viral strains with common origin in wild rodents without spread over long distances and appearance in other parts of the world.