bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
O Ensino da Psicologia em Medicina: Contexto, Metodologias e Identidade do Médico
Authors: Ouakinin Silvia 
Published: February 2017

Introdução: O ensino da Psicologia no currículo do curso de Medicina tem sido alvo de inúmeras reflexões que se debruçam sobre a importância destes conhecimentos, a um nível geral, para os médicos.Métodos: Procedeu-se a uma revisão não sistemática de literatura relevante, particularmente da última década e de recomendações nacionais e internacionais que se debruçam sobre a necessidade de integração das ciências sociais e do comportamento na formação médica.Resultados: A literatura suporta a existência de pré-conceitos e atitudes negativas face ao papel da Psicologia na formação médica, demonstrada pela investigação em várias universidades europeias e americanas. O contexto sociocultural, as diferentes metodologias e as barreiras sentidas face a este ensino são enumerados, fornecendo a matriz para uma discussão mais abrangente da formação da identidade do médico.Conclusão: Revisitando a experiência de muitos anos de ensino na Psicologia Médica, considera-se que o processo de integração desta área curricular deve ocorrer de forma transversal e vertical, ao longo de todo o curso, salientando-se a necessidade da formação pedagógica dos docentes. Procura-se, assim, elaborar conceitos que decorrem de uma reflexão pessoal e que se pretende ajustada à realidade do nosso ensino e aos princípios básicos que o norteiam, de forma a integrar o ensino da Psicologia no curso de Medicina, acentuando a sua importância e utilidade no desempenho de futuros médicos.
Associations Between the Big Five Personality Traits and a Medical School Admission Interview
Authors: Lourinho Isabel , Moreira André , Mota-Cardoso Rui , Severo Milton , Ferreira Maria Amélia 
Published: February 2017

Introduction: Personality has became popular in medical student’s selection. However, few research exists about the association between the big five personality traits and the existent medical school selection tools. Our aim was to study which personality traits were selected by a medical school admission interview.Material and Methods: One hundred ninety four graduate applicants that had applied to the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto through the graduate entry approach, after ranked on previous achievement, were interviewed between the academic years of 2011 and 2013. From these, 181 (93.3%) answered to the NEO Five-Factor Inventory that assesses high order personality traits of openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism. Admission interview corresponded to the second phase of the seriation process. Every applicant was interviewed and scored by three interviewers on seven dimensions asesssed by Lickert scale (1-10). Interview score was the sum of the dimensions. Linear mixed effects model and respective regression coefficients were used to estimate the association between personality traits from each interviewer’s score. Final models were adjusted for gender, interviewers and previous achievement.Results: Openness to experience (Beta = 0.18: CI 95%: 0.05; 0.30) had the strongest association with interview score followed by the interaction effect between the extraversion and conscientiousness traits (Beta = 0.14; CI 95%: 0.02; 0.25). Also, applicants scored higher when their gender was opposite to the interviewers.Discussion: Previous achievement and interview score had no association.Conclusion: Our admission interview selected different personality traits when compared to other selection tools. Medical schools should be aware of the implications of the adopted selection tools on the admitted medical student’s personality because it can help providing beneficial interventions.
Curso Breve de Competências de Comunicação Clínica: Estudo Multicêntrico
Authors: Franco Camila , Franco Renato , Severo Milton , Ferreira Maria Amélia 
Published: February 2017

Introdução: O presente artigo descreve e analisa os resultados de um curso multicêntrico de comunicação clínica em pequenos grupos com recurso a doentes simulados (atores) e feedback. O objetivo do curso foi estimular o desenvolvimento de competências de comunicação clínica e ainda, reconhecer as diferentes formas de manifestação de uma mesma doença em doentes diferentes (doença versus dolência).Material e Métodos: O curso foi aplicado a estudantes do terceiro e quarto ano do curso de medicina em três universidades brasileiras e uma portuguesa. A avaliação foi realizada através de escalas de apreciação dos participantes, teste de escolha múltipla e autoeficácia.Resultados: Tivemos 69 participantes nas quatro universidades. A avaliação geral do curso (1 - 5) foi de 4,70 (DP 0,494), a autoavaliaçãosobre a participação foi de 4,07 (DP 0,671); e a avaliação sobre o uso dos doentes simulados 4,51 (DP 0,501). O teste de escolha múltipla, a escala de autoeficácia e a escala de atitudes quanto a aprendizagem dessas competências apresentaram melhoria significativa após a realização do curso.Discussão: O método utilizado teve uma excelente avaliação pelos estudantes independentemente do contexto onde o curso foi ministrado. Além disso, possibilitou ganhos quanto ao conhecimento e atitudes quanto a comunicação clínica.Conclusão: A partir de uma universidade portuguesa em colaboração com docentes e universidades brasileiras foi possível desenvolver uma estratégia de ensino-aprendizagem multicêntrica para comunicação clínica altamente valorizada pelos participantes e com resultados de aprendizagem adequados.
An Objective Structured Clinical Exam to Assess Semiology Skills of Medical Students
Authors: Pereira Vitor Hugo , Morgado Pedro , Gonçalves Mónica , Costa Liliana , Sousa Nuno , Cerqueira João José 
Published: February 2017

Introduction: Mastery of history taking and physical exam skills is a key competence of medical students. Objective Structured Clinical Examinations are the gold standard to assess these competencies, but their implementation in Portugal is poorly documented. We describe the implementation and our seven years experience with a high-stakes Objective Structured Clinical Examination to assess these skills in the School of Medicine, University of Minho.Material and Methods: Our Objective Structured Clinical Examination is in place since 2010 and has been subject to continuous improvements, including the adoption of a standard setting procedure and an increase in the number of stations.Results: Grades in our exam are well distributed and discriminate among students. History taking grades are lower and have remained stable throughout the years while physical examination scores have risen. The exam is reliable, with internal consistency above 0.45 and a G-coefficient of 0.74. It is also feasible, with a total testing time of approximately 20 hours for 140 students, and the involvement of 18 standardized patients and 18 faculty assessors. More importantly, it was able to engage the students, who recognize its importance.Discussion: The most important validity criterion of our, and any Objective Structured Clinical Examination, would be predictive validity,the ability to predict the performance of students in the clinical context.Conclusion: Our approach to a high-stakes Objective Structured Clinical Examination shows that it is feasible, reliable, valid and fair and can be implemented with success in the Portuguese setting.
Fifteen Years of Experience from a Medical School’ Clinical Skills Laboratory
Authors: Pêgo José Miguel , Cerqueira João José , Bessa João , Pereira Vitor Hugo , Gomes Sara , Mariz José , Sousa Rita , Morgado Pedro , Sousa Nuno 
Published: February 2017

Introduction: Medical Education has evolved being defined as a continuum of the medical training from the pre- to the post-graduate period and through a lifetime of medical practice that is mirrored in the competencies framework that several international institutions have established. This creates a challenge to educational institutions (pre- and post-graduate) that traditionally take separate pathways.Material and Methods: The present report is a description of the efforts carried by the School of Medicine of the University of Minho to implement a strategy of teaching/learning methods that follows modern standards towards constructive alignment of the medical curriculum, from the pre- to the post-graduate. The faculty members responsible for these activities make a narrative self-report of the activities developed and where available quantitative data from participant surveys are presented.Results: In order to achieve a constructive alignment of educational/assessment strategies several steps were taken that focused on the revision of the learning goals, teaching methodologies and assessment strategies. This implicated the investment in the training/certification of faculty, acquisition of simulation tools and a dedicated infrastructure. Alumni were a fundamental cornerstone as voluntary faculty contributing to pre-graduate training, but also training their own scholar skills. Overall, courses are rate with a high rate of satisfaction among course participants.Discussion: Setting up the present teaching/learning environment of the School of Medicine of the University of Minho required a collective effort of the faculty, as well a progressive investment in both acquisition of equipment and training of staff. These human and material efforts, however, lead to an excellent return in learning outcomes.Conclusion: The main conclusion is that the constructive alignment of educational and assessment strategies towards the medical education continuum needs reflective thinking on the learners’ needs. The secondary gain of these initiatives is to provide opportunities for junior doctors to practice teaching.
Assessing Factors Affecting Revenue Management in Public Sector: The Case of Halaba Special Woreda Town Administration Ethiopia (SNNPR)
Authors: Tiwari Pankaj 
Published: February 2017

<em>Revenue management plays a great role for achieving the national objective of any nation which enhances the economic development and social wellbeing of the society. Even though revenue management has paramount importance for achieving the national goal of any nation, developing countries revenue management including, Ethiopia, is affected by a number of factors. The empirical findings of this research indicates that there are a number of factors that affect revenue management such as, Lack of awareness of tax payers, in adequate assessment of taxable sources, lack of clear operational procedures and so on, this research, thus intended to assess factors affecting public sector revenue management in Halaba special woreda Town administration (SNNPR). The specific objectives of the study are to identify the major factor that affect revenue collection, factors taken into consideration for revenue planning and to know the extent of revenue management mechanism help in revenue management of Halaba special woreda Town administration. Based on that fact, different literatures concerning the issue were reviewed to achieve these objectives; descriptive research method and stratified sampling were employed to gather data. Primary data were collected using semi structured questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussion and observations. Respondents who have participated in the study were employees (366) a sample of 88 were randomly selected from the Town administration of Halaba special woreda and taxpayers (151) a sample of 67 are randomly selected who have registered in the Inland revenue office, the study employed the Inland revenue management committee members (7) for focus group discussion and 4 from 6 Mayor Committee members for interview purposively selected. The total population of the study was 500 and the total sample size was 166. According to the response of the respondents, the factors that affected revenue management of Halaba special woreda Town administration are poor implementation, poor planning, inadequate assessment of taxable sources, lack of required skill, attitudinal problems of revenue officers, inaccurate information of taxpayers, lack of full automation and lack of awareness of taxpayers. Finally, based on the findings, possible recommendations are suggested, these include, widening the town’s revenue sources base, improving planning and implementing capacity, establishing adequate data base systems, raising continuous awareness for taxpayers, institutionalizing standard accounting system that produces timely and reliable information, encouraging community participation in planning and revenue collection and need for designing the reward system.</em>
Determinants of Stores Choice in Rural Markets: An Empirical Study in Karnataka State
Authors: Sathyanarayana S. , Gargesha Sudhindra 
Published: February 2017

<div><p><em>The current empirical study entitled “determinants of stores choice in rural markets: an empirical study in Karnataka state” has been undertaken with an intention to investigate the stores’ loyalty of the rural consumers and the major factors that determine the preference of a particular retail outlet. To realise the stated objectives the researchers have employed a survey method. A structured questionnaire was used for the collection of the data from 1,600 rural respondents. The validity of the research instrument was adjudged using Cronbach's coefficient (α) and was calculated to test the reliability and internal consistency of the responses. The collected data was tested for the normality and various statistical tools have been employed to analyse the collected data. Based on the analysis of the study a brief summary of findings have been made and a meaningful conclusion has been drawn. Finally the results have been compared with the possible evidence. The study revealed that majority of the rural consumer respondents purchase their entire FMCG requirement in one shop and majority of the rural consumers seek clarification (case-on-case basis) from the retailer before purchasing the product. We found a significant difference in the nature of clarification made by the rural consumer to the retailer. There is a significant influence of the distance to the nearest town of the rural consumer and the passing of benefits by the retailer to the rural consumers and there is a significant relationship in the reasons offered by occasional and consistent categories of retailers who do not pass benefits to rural consumers.</em></p></div>
Digitalization in India: A Needed Gadget for Business Environment
Authors: Subramanyachary P. 
Published: February 2017

<div><p><em>This paper brings to light the importance, challenges and advantages of digitalization in India. Digitalization refers the adoption or increase in use of digital or computer technology by an organization, industry, country, etc. The relative close word Digitization refers an object, </em><em>image</em><em>, </em><em>sound</em><em>, </em><em>document</em><em> or a </em><em>signal</em><em> by generating a series of numbers that describe a discrete set of its points. In the world the digital economy is the new productivity platform which is regarded as the third industrial revolution. India is an initiative of the Central Government of India “designed to transform India into a global digitized hub” by reviving a rundown digital sector of India with the help of improving digital connectivity and skill enhancement and various other incentives to make the country digitally empowered in the field of technology.</em><em> The Union Government in 2016 announced 11 technology initiatives that include the use data analytics to nab tax evaders, creating a substantial opportunity for IT companies to build out the systems that will be required. </em><em>But t</em><em>he initiatives are suffering from lacks many components like lack of legal framework, absence of privacy and data protection laws, hindrances to civil liberties, lack of parliamentary oversight for e-surveillance in India, lack of intelligence related reforms in India, insecurity of Indian cyberspace, etc.</em><em> It is mandatory that economy has to push merits of Digitalization and check the problems arise from digitalization. In the era of Globalization transactions are increasing. Hence, digitalization is to be given priority for both quick and transparent business transactions.</em></p></div>
DAYA SAING USAHA PENGGEMUKAN SAPI POTONG PETERNAKAN RAKYAT DI KABUPATEN BOJONEGORO, JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Lestari Retna Dewi , Baga Lukman Mohammad , Nurmalina Rita 
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyze the competitiveness on beef cattle fattening small scale business in Bojonegoro. Data processing quantitative methods using PAM (Policy Analysis Matrix). Analysis of competitiveness calculated by the approach of comparative advantage (Domestic Resources Cost Ratio) and competitive advantage (Private Cost Ratio), based on the results of the research value of the DRC and PCR respectively 1,04 and 1,05, this result shows that fattening beef cattle in Bojonegoro not competitive. Policy implications that can be applied in order fattening beef cattle in Bojonegoro competitiveness is to increase ADBW (Added Daily Body Weight) amounted to 17,33 percent, equivalent to 0,11 kg per day from the previous ADBW 0,55 kg per day, one attempts to do is the provision of input quality feed and concentrates, as well as the necessary counseling to farmers about the importance of quality feed and to improve the ability of farmers needed training and assistance from the Government of Bojonegoro.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN TANIN DAUN NANGKA (Artocarpus heterophyllus) TERHADAP NILAI BIOLOGIS DAUN KELOR (Moringa oleifera) DAN JERAMI KACANG HIJAU (Vigna radiata) SECARA IN VITRO
Authors: Wahyono Teguh , Sasongko Wahidin Teguh , Sholihah Maratus , Pikoli Megga Ratnasari 
Published: February 2017

Nutrien daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) dan jerami kacang hijau (Vigna radiata) sebagai hijauan pakan ternak cukup berkualitas sehingga perlu diproteksi untuk meningkatkan efektivitas penggunaannya di dalam rumen. Daun nangka mengandung total tanin sebesar 7,08%, sehingga potensial digunakansebagai bahan untuk memproteksi bahan pakan sumber protein. Studi in vitro perlu dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan tepung daun nangka untuk meningkatkan efektivitas penggunaan hijauan berupa daun kelor dan jerami kacang hijau. Tujuan dari studi yang dilakukan adalah untuk mengetahuipengaruh penambahan tepung daun nangka terhadap nilai biologis daun kelor dan jerami kacang hijau. Evaluasi produksi metana juga dilakukan untuk mengetahui efisiensi proses fermentasi. Perlakuan penelitian adalah: 1) jerami kacang hijau; 2) jerami kacang hijau + 0,7% daun nangka; 3) jerami kacanghijau + 1 ,4% daun nangka; 4) daun kelor; 5) daun kelor + 0,7% daun nangka; 6) daun kelor + 1 ,4% daun nangka. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan pengulangan sebanyak tiga kali. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap produksi gas total (inkubasi ke-0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, dan 24 jam),konsentrasi gas metana (%), karakteristik produksi gas dan karakteristik produk fermentasi rumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan tepung daun nangka tidak berpengaruh terhadap produksi gas total, produksi gas maksimum dan laju degradasi kedua jenis hijauan pakan. Penambahan 0,7 dan1,4% tepung daun nangka dapat menurunkan konsentrasi gas metana daun kelor berturut-turut sebesar 4,93% dan 3,19%. Penambahan tepung daun nangka juga mampu meningkatkan rasio CO2:CH4 substrat jerami kacang hijau masing-masing sebesar 4,42 dan 6,49%. Tepung daun nangka juga tidakmemberikan efek negatif terhadap produk fermentasi rumen (pH, NH3, VFA total, dan degradasi bahan organik).
Karakterisasi Morfologi dan Mutu Buah Mengkudu
Authors: Djauhariya Endjo , Rahardjo Mono , Ma'mun NFN 
Published: February 2017

<p>The characterization of indian mulberry or noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) was conducted in some areas of Java in May to December 2003 to study their morfological and quality variations. It was found that there were seven distinct groups of noni types. Base on fruit size, there were two distinguished groups; types with big fruits (Types 1, 2, 4, and 5), and types with small fruits (types 3, 6, and 7). Big fruit had higher extract concentration than small fruit. Type 4 was seed less, had in highest juice percentage. The seed less type was rare and only found in Surakartya and Semarang in a limited population. The types widely grown throughout the entire survey areas. The type 5 has highest fruit weight, its fruits grew in cluster, it was found in Malingping and Tasikmalaya. Base on fruits taste, none could be grouped into two groups: fruits with sour-sweet taste and fruit with bitter taste. All types which grew near the beach had bitter taste. The bitter fruits did not fall when they were ripe, whereas the sour-sweet fruits fall at the some of ripening.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Penelitian dilakukan di sentra pertanaman mengkudu di Jawa Barat (Ciampea, Cipaku, Jasinga, Tasikmalaya), Banten (tepi pantai Malingping), Jawa Tengah (Surakarta, Semarang, Yogyakarta), dan di Jawa Timur (Lamongan) pada bulan Mei- Desember 2003, untuk mengetahui ciri-ciri morfologi dan mutu buah mengkudu. Telah diperoleh tujuh tipe mengkudu dengan perbedaan sifat-sifat morfologi, fisiologi, dan mutu buahnya. Perbedaan tipe mengkudu yang mencolok adalah bentuk, ukuran, rasa, dan rendemen daging buah. Dari ketujuh tipe tersebut terdapat dua tipe yang berukuran buah besar (tipe 1, 2, 4, dan 5), dan tipe berukuran buah kecil (tipe 3, 6, dan 7). Tipe mengkudu yang ukuran buahnya besar, rendemen jus dan daging buahnya lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan yang buahnya berukuran kecil. Dari tipe berukuran buah besar terdapat satu tipe berbiji sedikit yang dianggap seed less, yaitu tipe 4, sehingga rendemen daging buahnya tinggi. Tipe seed less termasuk langka, karena hanya ditemukan di Surakarta dan Semarang dengan populasi terbatas. Tipe yang mempunyai daerah penyebaran luas adalah tipe 1, ditemukan di tepi pantai hingga ketinggian 600 m dpl. Tipe 5 bobot buahnya paling tinggi, buah bercabang, ditemukan di Malingping dan Tasikmalaya. Rasa daging buah, dapat dibedakan menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu asam manis dan pahit. Semua tipe yang tumbuh di tepi pantai rasa buahnya pahit, dan setelah masak buahnya tidak langsung jatuh. Kelompok yang mempunyai rasa buah tidak pahit, buah tidak langsung jatuh setelah masak.</p>
Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Genetik Tanaman Obat Spesifik Kalimantan Tengah
Authors: Krismawati Amik , Sabran M. 
Published: February 2017

<p>Central Kalimantan Province covers an area of 15,38 million ha which consist of 61,140 ha coastal region, 1,53 million ha open waters, and 13,79 million ha as inland area. The continental area consisted of various type of lands e.g. acid sulphate, peats soil, and up land. In order to explore and conserve potential medicinal plants indigenous to Central Kalimantan, these exploration and characterization activities were conducted. Method of study: (1) exploration, (2) ex situ conservation, (3) characterization, and (4) documentation. The result of these activities are ex situ collection of 15 acessions of medicinal crops. This exploration obtained 15 accessions of medicinal plants which were characterized and conserved in ex situ condition.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Kalimantan Tengah memiliki luas wilayah 15,38 juta ha yang terdiri dari 61,1 ribu ha daerah pantai, 1,53 juta ha daerah perairan umum, dan 17,79 juta ha daratan. Wilayah daratan yang luas ini terdiri atas berbagai tipologi lahan seperti lahan sulfat masam, gambut, dan lahan kering. Untuk menggali potensi dan melestarikan plasma nutfah tanaman obat spesifik Kalimantan Tengah telah dilaksanakan kegiatan eksplorasi dan karakterisasi. Dari kegiatan ini dapat disusun deskripsi berbagai jenis tanaman tersebut untuk inventarisasi, karakterisasi, dan koleksi tanaman obat secara ex situ dalam bentuk kebun pembibitan. Metode kegiatan meliputi (1) eksplorasi, (2) konservasi ex situ, (3) karakterisasi, dan (4) dokumentasi. Hasil kegiatan adalah koleksi secara ex situ tanaman obat sebanyak 15 aksesi.</p>