bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Fan–Raspaud conjecture: A randomized algorithmic approach and application to the pair assignment problem in cubic networks
Authors: Formanowicz Piotr , Tanaś Krzysztof 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
It was conjectured by Fan and Raspaud (1994) that every bridgeless cubic graph contains three perfect matchings such that every edge belongs to at most two of them. We show a randomized algorithmic way of finding Fan–Raspaud colorings of a given cubic graph and, analyzing the computer results, we try to find and describe the Fan–Raspaud colorings for some selected classes of cubic graphs. The presented algorithms can then be applied to the pair assignment problem in cubic computer networks. Another possible application of the algorithms is that of being a tool for mathematicians working in the field of cubic graph theory, for discovering edge colorings with certain mathematical properties and formulating new conjectures related to the Fan–Raspaud conjecture.
Numerical Modeling of Bubble Growth in Microcellular Polypropylene Produced in a Core-Back Injection Process Using Chemical Blowing Agents
Authors: Ruiz J. A. Reglero , Vincent M. , Agassant J.-F. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
A core-back polypropylene foaming injection process using chemical blowing agents (CBA) has been studied. First, injection tests were carried out with two different CBAs and the different morphologies of the obtained samples have been analyzed. Structural parameters such as cell density and average radius size were calculated. Then, a bubble growth model was developed to predict the foaming development during the process, controlled by the depressurization of the mold cavity during the short core-back opening coupled with the evolution of the temperature during core-back and subsequent cooling. A good agreement is found between theoretical predictions and experimental results.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Shrinkage and Warpage of a U-Shaped Injection Molded Part
Authors: Kleindel S. , Eder R. , Schretter H. , Hochenauer C. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Prediction of shrinkage and warpage of injection molded plastic parts is a key issue of injection molding simulation. In the present work a U-shaped part is investigated experimentally and by means of state of the art injection molding simulation software. The part has thick walls in the corner where inner defects such as voids and porous zones may appear. Experiments and simulations were performed with POM and glass fiber reinforced polyamide. Measurements of pressure in the cavities and temperature profiles around the cavities were used to validate the numerical model. In case of POM it was found that warpage predictions are way off when the void volume is high and in good agreement when the void volume is minimized. No such correlation was observed in case of fiber reinforced materials. Here, shrinkage and warpage are dominated by the fiber orientation state with minor influence of the processing conditions. Predicted warpage was found to be extremely dependent on the used closure approximation.
Modeling for Starve Fed/Flood Fed Mixing Single-Screw Extruders
Authors: Wilczyński K. J. , Lewandowski A. , Nastaj A. , Wilczyński K. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
A composite computer model has been proposed for starve fed/flood fed mixing single screw extruders. The model for starve fed extrusion has been developed by combining a new FEM based melt conveying model with recently developed melting models. Mixing screw equipped with distributive toothed disc mixing element has been considered as an example for modeling. An extensive fully three-dimensional non-Newtonian FEM computations have been carried-out to simulate the melt flow in mixing elements. Screw pumping characteristics have been developed for the elements at various power law indices, and these have been implemented into the composite model of the process. Simulations have been performed for low density polyethylene (LDPE) at various operating conditions, both for starve fed and flood fed extrusion. Fill factor, pressure, temperature and melting profiles have been computed and verified experimentally.
Un virus au coeur des rapports sociaux de sexe
Authors: Lepalec Annie 
Published: March 2016

A virus at the heart of social relations between genders
In Mali, contamination being presented as mainly heterosexual, the appropriation of information concerning AIDS produces slanted and differentiated discourses with regard to the gender of the actors. People of both sexes can only apprehend this disease by positioning themselves as potential victimes and by projecting on the other the responsability of contamination. By fitting into strategic areas, the discourses on AIDS, because of its gravity and the danger it represents, reveals the conflictual nature, within the framework of social change, of the social relations between genders.
La notion de «savoir » en anthropologie
Authors: Rodrigues dos Santos José 
Published: March 2016

Notion of «knowledge » in anthropology
Beyond the orientations that one recognizes under the name of «ethno-sciences », the ever more important component that comprises cultural facts, has been called «knowledge » which can not be justified only because of its usage. I will lay the foundation for a definition of under- lying cultural traits that can be called «savoirs » because they possess remarkable qualities. I will first distinguish between what is knowing (to know something, a special connection to «thought of » objects), and what is knowledge (as a cultural formation, a set of contents that constitute a «cognitive formation »). I will very briefly describe the possible use of this distinction in anthropology.
Economy, efficiency, and the evolution of pollen tube growth rates
Authors: Williams Joseph H. , Edwards Jacob A. , Ramsey Adam J. 
Published: March 2016

PREMISE:Pollen tube growth rate (PTGR) is an important aspect of male gametophyte performance because of its central role in the fertilization process. Theory suggests that under intense competition, PTGRs should evolve to be faster, especially if PTGR accurately reflects gametophyte quality. Oddly, we know remarkably little about how effectively the work of tube construction is translated to elongation (growth and growth rate). Here we test the prediction that pollen tubes grow equally efficiently by comparing the scaling of wall production rate (WPR) to PTGR in three water lilies that flower concurrently: Nymphaea odorata, Nuphar advena and Brasenia schreberi.METHODS:Single‐donor pollinations on flower or carpel pairs were fixed just after pollen germination (time A) and 45 min later (time B). Mean PTGR was calculated as the average increase in tube length over that growth period. Tube circumferences (C) and wall thicknesses (W) were measured at time B. For each donor, WPR = mean (C × W) × mean PTGR.KEY RESULTS:Within species, pollen tubes maintained a constant WPR to PTGR ratio, but species had significantly different ratios. N. odorata and N. advena had similar PTGRs, but for any given PTGR, they had the lowest and highest WPRs, respectively.CONCLUSIONS:We showed that growth rate efficiencies evolved by changes in the volume of wall material used for growth and in how that material was partitioned between lateral and length dimensions. The economics of pollen tube growth are determined by tube design, which is consequent on trade‐offs between efficient growth and other pollen tube functions.
Characterization of microsatellite markers forBaccharis dracunculifolia(Asteraceae)
Authors: Belini Camila M. B. , Marques Marcia O. M. , Figueira Glyn M. , Bajay Miklos M. , Campos Jaqueline B. , Viana João P. G. , Pinheiro José B. , Zucchi Maria I. 
Published: March 2016

Premise of the study:Baccharis dracunculifolia(Asteraceae) is a native plant of the Atlantic Forest that is used for the production of essential oil. Microsatellite markers were developed for this species to investigate the genetic diversity of three natural populations.Methods and Results:Seventeen out of 27 microsatellite loci identified in a genomic library used for the characterization of 315 individuals derived from three natural populations ofB. dracunculifoliaresulted in successful amplifications. Eleven polymorphic loci, ranging from two to seven alleles per locus, were obtained with expected and observed heterozygosity values ranging between 0.068 and 0.775 and 0.046 and 0.667, respectively.Conclusions:The microsatellite loci described in this study are tools that can be used for further studies of population genetics ofB. dracunculifoliawith a focus on deforested areas and conservation of natural populations.
Gestion de l’intimité et affichage d’un territoire sentimental entre adolescents sur Internet
Authors: Balleys Claire 
Published: March 2016

Cet article problématise la gestion et la valorisation de l’intimité entre adolescents sur les sites de réseaux sociaux, en lien avec l’acquisition du prestige social. Le lien social, amical ou amoureux, est caractérisé par les adolescents en fonction du degré d’intimité partagé avec ceux qui les ont « choisis ». À partir des résultats d’une enquête ethnographique en ligne, l’auteure montre la corrélation qui existe entre la notion d’intimité et la notion d’exclusivité dans les processus de négociation du lien social entre adolescents. La question de la socialisation de genre par rapport à la gestion de l’intimité est également analysée à la lumière des résultats.
Les langues dans les enquêtes de la statistique publique : bilan et perspectives
Authors: Filhon Alexandra 
Published: March 2016

Les enquêtes statistiques intégrant des questions sur les langues sont peu nombreuses mais se sont développées ces dernières décennies. L’objectif de cet article est donc de dresser un état des lieux des données qui sont aujourd’hui à notre disposition, de réfléchir à la façon de mesurer l’objet « langues » en nous demandant ce qui est « mis en équivalence » puis évalué dans ces enquêtes. Il s’agit en cela de préciser comment les « langues » sont identifiées et dans quelles finalités. En effet entre disciplines scientifiques (statisticiens, linguistes, démographes, sociologues etc.) les objectifs de cette mesure varient, tout comme ils peuvent également s’écarter de ceux des politiques publiques, qui inciteront à privilégier un mode de comptabilisation de ces langues (uniquement les langues d’immigration par exemple en considérant que l’usage du français et/ ou d’autres langues est un indicateur de l’intégration des migrants). Ce tour d’horizon vise à mettre à plat les données auxquelles nous pouvons avoir accès désormais mais aussi à proposer pour les années à venir quelques pistes permettant de mieux saisir cette diversité linguistique et d’appréhender plus finement le rapport aux langues entretenu par les adultes résidant en France. Il s’agira en particulier de rappeler la nécessité d’une meilleure prise en compte des travaux ethnographiques avant d’élaborer de futurs questionnaires comportant un module sur les langues.
Que recherchent les cadres chargés du recrutement de la génération Y ? Une analyse exploratoire
Authors: Dalmas Michel 
Published: March 2016

L’Association Nationale des Directeurs des Ressources Humaines (A.N.D.R.H), à l’occasion de ses assises annuelles en 2011, a mis en évidence la difficile situation des jeunes diplômés face à l’emploi. Plus récemment, la démarche suivie par cette association a été de s’interroger sur l’effet des représentations parfois négatives vis-à-vis de cette génération (dite « génération Y ») de la part des cadres chargés de leur recrutement. Pour cela, un focus group de 15 experts a été constitué pour la circonstance, tous membres de l’A.N.D.R.H. Cette analyse a permis de faire émerger 17 propositions ou idées communément attribuées à la génération Y. Ces représentations seraient-elles susceptibles d’expliquer en partie ce mal que certains n’hésitent pas à considérer comme étant profondément ancré dans nos pratiques managériales ? Pour répondre à cette question, un questionnaire a été ensuite administré auprès de cadres chargés du recrutement des jeunes diplômés reprenant ces propositions et mesurant le degré d’accord (échelle de Likert). Il ressort d’abord de cette étude exploratoire que le respect de l’autorité hiérarchique ainsi que l’engagement vis-à-vis de l’organisation sont deux éléments rassurants pour les responsables R.H. De plus, une Analyse en Composante Principale (A.C.P) a été menée afin de faire émerger deux profils de cadres concernés par le recrutement des jeunes, déclarant d’une part préférer recruter, et d’autre part, préférer ne pas recruter la génération Y.
Réflexions sur l’organisation technico-sociale des activités de forge à La Tène finale dans l’Aisne
Authors: Bauvais Sylvain , Fluzin Philippe 
Published: March 2016

Le Nord du Bassin parisien est caractérisé par une absence de sites de réduction du minerai de fer pour La Tène finale, voire pour toute l’antiquité. Toutefois, les activités de forge sont omniprésentes pour la fin de l’âge du Fer. Cette zone est en revanche cernée par plusieurs régions productrices de fer brut.Dans ce contexte, l’acquisition de la matière première, sous la forme de demi-produits, semble donc astreinte à un approvisionnement à moyenne ou longue distance. Les activités de forge doivent alors s’organiser selon un schéma particulier, propre à l’organisation socio-économique de cette période dans cette région.À travers l’analyse des demi-produits de la région et de la chaîne opératoire de post-réduction (forge) de 5 sites de l’Aisne, nous allons tenter de préciser les hypothèses et les questionnements sur la circulation des demi-produits et donc sur l’organisation régionale de la production d’objets en fer.Jusqu’à présent, dans le nord du Bassin parisien, les indices clairs permettant de caractériser la matière première travaillée sur les sites restaient rares. Récemment, plus de 500 demi-produits d’une morphologie particulière (que nous appellerons barres à douille) ont pu être identifiés.Toutefois, la matière première circulait sous de multiples formes et les déchets engendrés par leur transformation peuvent apporter un complément nous permettant d’aborder ce point crucial pour la compréhension de l’organisation de cette production. La quantification des pertes en parties retrouvées dans ces culots de forge ainsi que la propreté inclusionnaire de celles-ci, corrélée à celles des demi-produits et des objets, permettent de donner une idée de la qualité du métal travaillé.Suite à ces analyses, il est possible de classer schématiquement ces demi-produits, selon leur homogénéité inclusionnaire, en trois catégories : une qualité très médiocre proche de la masse brute, une mauvaise qualité et une bonne qualité inclusionnaire.Les résultats acquis jusqu’à présent permettent d’entrevoir une organisation complexe des activités de forge dont les principaux modes nous restent encore majoritairement inconnus.On remarque, dans cette région, en ce qui concerne les activités sidérurgiques, un croisement constant entre des impératifs d’ordre géographiques, technologiques et socio-économiques.
The earliest gold objects in Italy: a review of the archaeological evidence
Authors: Bergonzi Giovanna 
Published: March 2016

This paper aims to provide updated information on prehistoric gold from Italy, originating from pre-Iron Age contexts. The evidence dating from the beginning of the metal Age is scanty indeed: to date, only 4 objects appear to be from an earlier period than the middle Bronze Age. more gold finds were discovered from the MBA onwards, in part from funerary contexts, representing property or funerary gifts pertaining to individuals of both sexes who attained a high status within the community.
The 17th Dynasty gold necklace from Qurneh, Egypt
Authors: Tate Jim , Eremin Katherine , Troalen Lore G. , Guerra Maria Filomena , Goring Elizabeth , Manley Bill 
Published: March 2016

In 1908, the archaeologist Flinders Petrie discovered a rich intact burial of an adult and child at Qurneh, near Luxor. Stylistically, the burial has been dated to the late 17th Dynasty, in the 16th century BC. The complete burial group came to Edinburgh in 1909. A recent examination of the rings of the necklace found with the adult burial is presented as part of a wider study of the mummy collections of the National Museums Scotland (NMS). The necklace shows sophisticated workmanship, with 1,699 rings threaded onto four strands, the rings having uniform diameter and thickness, and very few of them showing any visible joints. The necklace rings have been examined by Optical Microscopy, X-radiography, Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDS), air-path X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), and proton induced X-ray analysis (micro-PIXE). We summarise these findings and propose the method of manufacture. We also describe an experimental attempt to make joint-less rings in order to compare them with the originals.
Two small orientalising spirals (Rome, 10th-9th century BC) common objects – precious jewels
Authors: Ferro Daniela , Bedini Alessandro , Rapinesi Ida Anna 
Published: March 2016

The finding of hair decorations is not rare in archaeological excavations. It is well known that pins, gold nets, gold wires and threads embellished noble ladies’ heads, but it is less common to find small accessories meant to bind braids created as small jewels, such as the 7th century BC spirals found in Lazio. Two hair coils of great refinement, probably used as ‘braid binders’, with terminals decorated by filigree have been found in two funeral sets from two princely tombs of the Laurentina Acqua Acetosa Necropolis (n. 74 and n. 133). The objects present similarities with other items of the same typology from Amendolara (CS), Narce, Marsiliana and Vetulonia. The item from tomb 133 is made of silver covered by electrum, while the second one, from tomb 74, was made entirely in gold. Their analytical study allowed the determination of peculiar details concerning their fabrication, from the composition of the constituent materials to the technological solutions used for their production. The scientific observations, carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS), furnished important data for the characterization of the single object, to be used also as a base for comparison with the few homologous jewels known to date.
Dacian bracelets and Transylvanian gold: ancient history and modern analyses
Authors: Constantinescu Bogdan , Bugoi Roxana , Cojocaru Viorel , Radtke Martin , Calligaro Thomas , Salomon Joseph , Pichon Laurent , Röhrs Stefan , Ceccato Daniele , Oberländer-Târnoveanu Ernest , Ionescu Corine , Pop Dana 
Published: March 2016

The recovery of the Dacian gold bracelets was the most thrilling archaeological event of the last years in Romania. The artefacts are exhibited in the Historical Treasure section of the National History museum of Romania, Bucharest, being recovered from the international antique markets through a concerted effort of the Romanian, French, and German authorities.This paper reviews the X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analyses carried out on these exquisite artefacts. These measurements followed the visual examination of qualified experts, which concluded that the gold spiralled bracelets showed strong stylistic similarities with the Dacian silver bracelets discovered until that date in archaeological contexts.Since the most likely source – for geographical and historical reasons – for the metal used to manufacture these artefacts was the Transylvanian Apuseni mountains, additional measurements on several fragments of natural Transylvanian gold, both from placers and primary deposits, were performed using Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Fluorescence (SR-XRF) at the BESSY synchrotron, Berlin, and micro Particle Induced X-ray Emission (micro-PIXE) at the AGLAE accelerator, Paris, and at the AN2000 accelerator of LNL, Padova.The conclusion of this study was that the recovered spirals are genuine Dacian artefacts, made by cold hammering, chiselling and punching Transylvanian unrefined gold – gold panned from riverbeds mixed with primary gold, most likely extracted from surface veins.
The gold belt buckle from Apahida III (Romania), 5th century AD
Authors: Oanta-Marghitu Rodica , Niculescu Gheorghe , Seclâman Doina , Bugoi Roxana , Georgescu Migdonia 
Published: March 2016

This study focuses on the understanding of the elaborate construction of a cloisonné gold belt buckle, found in a princely grave from Apahida, dated to the 5th century AD. Starting from the careful analysis of the object’s proportions and dimensions, a geometrical pattern of the belt plate construction and decoration design is proposed. The intricate composition of this complicated cloisonné adorned object is also illustrated with the exploded view of its structure. X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analyses of the composition, performed on different elements forming the buckle, led to conclusions regarding the relations between the variation of gold purity and the role played by different elements in the structure of the object. Some sequences of actions from the entire chaîne opératoire are also emphasized. Most likely, there was a certain degree of standardization in the workshops producing these cloisonné objects, and probably the craftsmen had at their disposal large batches of individual constructive elements – cell walls and gems.
Gold Thracian appliques: authentic or fake?
Authors: Kuleff Ivelin , Stoyanov Totko , Tonkova Milena 
Published: March 2016

A few years ago, 25 gold appliqués with a total weight of 255 g and dated to a period between the 5th and the 3rd centuries BC were offered to the National History Museum in Sofia (Bulgaria). Some Bulgarian archaeologists – experts in the field of toreutics – expressed the opinion that the offered finds are originals. At the same time, the results of an investigation carried out by the Bulgarian Police brought evidence to the contrary, and, on these bases, started a hearing of the case. Using a non-destructive method of investigation (ED-XRF), the concentrations of Ag, Au, and Cu were determined. A detailed observation of the surface of the finds with reflective optical microscopy was carried out, and, at the same time, stylistic parallels of the offered finds were sought by comparing them to the known similar ancient appliqués. On the bases of the chemical composition, technological observations, and the comparison with parallels of similar chronological finds reported in the literature, we established that the 25 golden appliqués offered to the Museum by the treasure hunters are fake.