bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Projected near‐future flooding and warming increase graminoid biomass in a high‐latitude coastal wetland
Authors: Petit Bon Matteo , Leffler A. Joshua , Kelsey Katharine C. , Williams Tyler J. , Beard Karen H. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

With rapid climate warming, some coastal high‐latitude ecosystems are experiencing more frequent tidal floods. Yet little is known about tundra plant‐community responses to flooding, and whether Arctic warming may modulate such responses.

In a 2‐year, full‐factorial field experiment in coastal tundra wetlands of the Yukon‐Kuskokwim (Y‐K) Delta (western Alaska), we simulated periodic tidal flood events at two severities under both ambient and warmed summer conditions and measured above‐ground plant‐community responses. Low‐severity flooding represented overbank flooding 1 day per month, which is consistent with projections in the next 5 years. High‐severity flooding represented a more impactful flooding regime (three consecutive days per month) that is projected to occur in the next 10 years. Our warming treatment (+1°C) also represented a change projected in the next 10 years.

Regardless of temperature, high‐severity flooding increased graminoid biomass by >45%, in turn increasing live plant‐community biomass by >18%. Low‐severity flooding had similar, though weaker, effects. Flooding had overall negative effects on both forb and shrub biomass, though shrub responses were weaker. Only during the second summer, warming increased graminoid biomass by 20% and tended to increase shrub biomass, regardless of flooding. Concurrently, warming enhanced standing‐dead graminoid biomass by 20%, while high‐severity flooding decreased it by 15%. Therefore, wet tundra that was both flooded and warmed had the greatest proportion of graminoids and total live biomass, but standing‐dead biomass comparable to that of unmanipulated wet tundra.

Synthesis. While our manipulations simulated flooding and warming regimes expected in the wetlands of the Y‐K Delta over the same, near‐future (5‐to‐10 years) time frame, flooding had stronger effects than warming. What is striking is the rate at which graminoid increases occurred, becoming apparent after only two monthly flood events in the first experimental year. Flooding‐induced decreases in standing‐dead biomass suggests that the incorporation of dead plant material into the litter layer might be facilitated by tidal floods. These rapid increases in plant biomass and potentially biomass turnover, especially of graminoids, which are characterized by high‐quality litter, may have major implications for carbon and nutrient cycling of more frequently flooded coastal ecosystems in a warmer Arctic.
Determining the sequence of intersecting lines formed by laser printer toner and seal ink based on confocal Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Liu Shuo , Yang Yaqi , Zhang Yi , Li Bing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the field of questioned document examination, determining the sequence of intersecting lines is still a technical challenge. This study aims to validate whether confocal Raman spectroscopy can determine the sequence of intersecting lines created by laser prints toner and seal ink through empirical research. The study collected 110 varieties of seal ink and 1074 test pages from 66 models of laser printers available in the Chinese market. Based on the Raman spectral characteristics of the seal ink and the microscopic morphology of the toner, 13 types of seal ink and three types of laser printers were selected for further analysis, producing 78 representative samples of intersecting lines. Confocal Raman spectroscopy was applied to the examination of these samples using a point‐scanning mode for enhanced accuracy and efficiency. The experimental results demonstrate that confocal Raman spectroscopy can non‐destructively and quickly examine the sequence of intersecting lines produced by laser printer toner and seal ink. Variations in toner forms result in differing levels of difficulty in resolving intersection problems, with the sequence of intersecting lines from toner‐dense laser printers being the easiest to ascertain. In contrast, those from printers with porous and dispersed toner present a more significant challenge in examination. This study can be corroborated with other methods proposed, and more significantly, it lays the groundwork for addressing intersection problems related to other printing or writing instruments.
Degradation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics by wastewater bacteria engineered via conjugation
Authors: Yip Aaron , McArthur Owen D. , Ho Kalista C. , Aucoin Marc G. , Ingalls Brian P. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWastewater treatment plants are one of the major pathways for microplastics to enter the environment. In general, microplastics are contaminants of global concern that pose risks to ecosystems and human health. Here, we present a proof‐of‐concept for reduction of microplastic pollution emitted from wastewater treatment plants: delivery of recombinant DNA to bacteria in wastewater to enable degradation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Using a broad‐host‐range conjugative plasmid, we enabled various bacterial species from a municipal wastewater sample to express FAST‐PETase, which was released into the extracellular environment. We found that FAST‐PETase purified from some transconjugant isolates could degrade about 40% of a 0.25 mm thick commercial PET film within 4 days at 50°C. We then demonstrated partial degradation of a post‐consumer PET product over 5–7 days by exposure to conditioned media from isolates. These results have broad implications for addressing the global plastic pollution problem by enabling environmental bacteria to degrade PET.
Demystifying the challenging diagnosis of post‐radiation nasopharyngeal necrosis on multimodality imaging
Authors: Li Kwok Yan , Kwok Hoi Ming , Cheuk Wah , Ma Ka Fai Johnny 
Published: September 2024

SummaryPost‐radiation nasopharyngeal necrosis (PRNN) is a rare but life‐threatening condition that often poses a diagnostic challenge in imaging studies owing to its overlapping features with recurrent nasopharyngeal tumours. We herein describe the characteristic imaging appearance of PRNN on post‐contrast T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)‐PET/CT which may provide insights into its pathological findings.
Trends in visits, imaging, and diagnosis for emergency department abdominal pain presentations in the United States, 2007–2019
Authors: Wu Rachel R. , Adjei‐Poku Michael N. , Kelz Rachel R. , Peck Gregory L. , Hwang Ula , Cappola Anne R. , Friedman Ari B. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesAbdominal pain is the most common reason for visit (RFV) to the emergency department (ED) for adults, yet no standardized diagnostic pathway exists for abdominal pain. Optimal management is age‐specific; symptoms, diagnoses, and prognoses differ between young and old adults. Availability and knowledge of the effectiveness of various imaging modalities have also changed over time. We compared diagnostic imaging rates for younger versus older adults to identify practice patterns of abdominal imaging across age groups over time.MethodsWe analyzed weighted, nationally representative data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey 2007–2019 for adult ED visits with a primary RFV of abdominal pain. We included 23,364 sampled visits, representing 123 million visits.ResultsFrom 2007 to 2019, total visits increased for ages 18–45 (p < 0.001), 46–64 (p < 0.001), and 65+ (p = 0.032). The percentage of visits with primary RFV of abdominal pain increased from 9.4% to 11.6% for ages 18–45, 7.8%–9.0% for ages 46–64, and 6.0%–6.5% for 65+. Computed tomography (CT) scan rates increased over time from 26.2% of all patients receiving a CT scan to 42.6%. Relative percentage change in abdominal CT scans was greatest for older adults, with a 30.3% increase, compared to 24.0% for middle‐aged adults and 15.0% for young adults. Test positivity, defined as receiving an emergency general surgical diagnosis after CT or ultrasound, increased from 17.2% in 2007 to 22.9% in 2019 (p < 0.01). Of the older adults with abdominal pain in 2019, 13% received an X‐ray only, which is neither sensitive nor specific for acute pathology in older adults.ConclusionsDespite more abdominal pain ED visits and increased imaging rates per visit, test positivity continues to rise. Our findings do not support claims that CT and ultrasound are being used less appropriately over time, but demonstrate widespread use of X‐rays, which are potentially ineffective for abdominal pain.
Effect of nicotine mouth spray on urges to vape: A randomized, placebo‐controlled, pharmacodynamic clinical trial in exclusive e‐cigarette users
Authors: Danielsson Tobias , Bennet Hedvig , McColgan Bryan , Wang Jianfeng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimsTo determine whether nicotine mouth spray provides rapid and prolonged relief of urges to vape and measure the steady‐state plasma nicotine levels during vaping and ad libitum mouth spray usage in e‐cigarette users.DesignRandomized, parallel group, double‐blind trial.SettingSingle site at Hammersmith Medicines Research Ltd (HMR), London, UK.Participants216 (25.9% females, average age 27.6 ± 7.63 [standard deviation, SD]) exclusive vapers who used their e‐cigarette within 30 minutes of waking up and had vaped about 2 years on average.InterventionsTwo sprays of 1 mg nicotine mouth spray (Nicorette QuickMist Freshmint, n = 109), or placebo (identical in appearance and presentation, n = 107).MeasurementsUrge to vape was rated on a 100 mm visual analogue scale before and repeatedly for 2 hours after administration. The primary outcome measured average change from baseline in urges to vape ratings during the first hour.FindingsNicotine mouth spray achieved statistically significantly greater reductions in urges to vape than placebo from the first assessment point at 30 seconds to 1 hour, when the estimated mean treatment difference was 11.90 mm (95% confidence interval [CI] = 6.86–16.95, P < 0.001). The integrated urge to vape over 11 hours ad libitum usage showed a statistically significant benefit compared with placebo (2.00 [0.88 SD] vs 2.51 [0.84 SD], P < 0.001). Mean steady‐state plasma nicotine concentrations were lower after nicotine mouth spray usage compared with vaping (6.22 [4.70 SD] ng/ml vs 9.91 [7.59 SD] ng/ml, respectively). Adverse events were more commonly reported in the nicotine mouth spray group and were mostly mild.ConclusionsAmong regular e‐cigarette users, nicotine mouth spray provided statistically significant and fast relief of urges to vape one hour after dosing. Nicotine mouth spray showed statistically significant reductions in urges to vape as soon as 30 seconds and up to 2 hours after dosing compared with placebo, and nicotine mouth spray was well‐tolerated and safe.
Effects of hypothermia and hypoxia on cytochrome P450‐mediated drug metabolism in neonatal Göttingen minipigs
Authors: Stroe Marina‐Stefania , De Clerck Laura , Dhaenens Maarten , Dennis Rachel Siân , Deforce Dieter , Carpentier Sebastien , Annaert Pieter , Leys Karen , Smits Anne , Allegaert Karel , Van Ginneken Chris , Van Cruchten Steven 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAsphyxiated neonates often undergo therapeutic hypothermia (TH) to reduce morbidity and mortality. As perinatal asphyxia and TH impact neonatal physiology, this could also influence enzyme functionality. Therefore, this study aimed to unravel the impact of age, hypothermia and hypoxia on porcine hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene expression, protein abundance and activity. Hepatic CYP expression, protein abundance and activity were assessed in naive adult and neonatal Göttingen minipigs, alongside those from an (non‐survival) in vivo study, where four conditions—control (C), therapeutic hypothermia (TH), hypoxia (H), hypoxia and TH (H + TH)—were examined. Naive neonatal Göttingen minipigs exhibited 75% lower general CYP activity and different gene expression patterns than adults. In vitro hypothermia (33°C) decreased general CYP activity in adult liver microsomes by 36%. Gene expression was not different between TH and C while hypoxia up‐regulated several genes (i.e., CYP3A29 [expression ratio; ER = 5.1472] and CYP2C33 [ER = 3.2292] in the H group and CYP2C33 [ER = 2.4914] and CYP2C42 [ER = 4.0197] in the H + TH group). The medical treatment and the interventions over 24 h, along with hypoxia and TH, affected the protein abundance. These data on CYP expression, abundance and activity in young animals can be valuable in building physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic models for neonatal drug dose predictions.
Central bank communication: Inflation target transparency with fiscal policy
Authors: Ferré Montserrat , Macaya Òscar , Manzano Carolina 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article examines the impact of opacity in announcing the central bank's inflation target on macroeconomic volatility and welfare, considering the interaction between an independent central bank and a fiscal authority. Our findings suggest that a key factor influencing the effects of central bank transparency is the relative importance placed by the central bank, compared to the government, on output stabilization versus inflation stabilization. Specifically, when output stabilization is relatively more important for the central bank than for the government, full opacity may benefit the central bank, but not necessarily society as a whole.
Primary cutaneous cribriform tumor: A case report and literature review
Authors: Jiang Doukou , Tian Yongzhen , Tian Jiabin , Liu Hui , Guan Yang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the updated 5th edition of the WHO Classification of Skin Tumors, primary cutaneous cribriform carcinoma has been renamed cribriform tumor. This entity is a rare sweat gland neoplasm with undetermined malignant potential, with only 46 cases reported to date. Herein, we present a case of a 30‐year‐old female with a solitary nodule in the left thigh subcutaneous tissue. Histopathological examination revealed a well‐defined dermal nodule composed of monomorphic, deeply staining cells arranged in solid nests, tubular, and cribriform patterns, with no recurrence or distant metastasis observed during a 1‐year follow‐up. Summarizing all 47 cases, they exhibited consistent, reproducible histological morphology and similar immunohistochemistry. Although the tumor nests lacked myoepithelial cells peripherally, all cleanly excised cases showed no recurrence or distant metastasis, suggesting a benign biological behavior. We argue against overtreatment.
Crisis Management in Saudi Arabian Universities: Evaluating Plans, Challenges and Obstacles Through a Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Aldighrir Wafa Mohammed 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to evaluate the crisis management plans in Saudi Arabian universities by identifying key challenges and obstacles. A cross‐sectional study was conducted among 473 faculty members. The participants completed a survey that included the university campus's existing crisis management plans, educational leaders' challenges in implementing effective crisis management, and a socio‐demographic checklist. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that there are three critical areas that need attention: comprehensive crisis plans, designated crisis management teams, and regular drills and exercises. The model yielded a χ2 value of 236.18 with 84 degrees of freedom (df), resulting in a statistically significant outcome (p < 0.001). Among the key challenges and obstacles affecting crisis management performance in educational centres, as identified by faculty members, ensuring effective coordination and communication between different departments and stakeholders within the university, conducting regular evaluations and drills to test the crisis management plan's effectiveness and identify areas for improvement, and coping with emerging or evolving threats that require constant updates and adaptations to the crisis management plan need more attention, with factor load values of 0.92, 0.90 and 0.84, respectively. The findings indicated that, although universities had well‐documented crisis management plans and designated teams, significant gaps remained in their implementation, coordination and regular evaluation. The study underscored the importance of establishing robust communication frameworks, improving coordination among departments and stakeholders, and ensuring continual updates to crisis management plans. Finally, the study contributes to the literature by providing insights into the current state of crisis management in Saudi Arabian universities and offering practical recommendations for enhancing preparedness and resilience in the face of crises.
How to focus soil research when contributing to environmental agricultural regulations aimed at sustainable development
Authors: Bouma Johan , Scrope Tom 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCurrent environmental regulations for agriculture in the Netherlands and England focus on the application of certain selected management measures as an empirical basis for providing subsidies. Farmers like this simple, straightforward approach. The link with sustainable development is, however, not defined and this can become problematic when procedures may be challenged in future. A procedure focusing on the measurement of ecosystem services in line with selected UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) can provide this link, but whether or not this more complicated procedure will be attractive for farmers is still unclear. The soil science community would be well advised to discuss their future role in developing scientifically sound operational procedures that would be acceptable to both farmers and policy makers and would be aimed at contributing to the sustainable development of society at large.
The Mediating Role of Spirituality in Delineating the Interconnection Between Self‐Efficacy and Resilience Among the Parents of Children With Newly Diagnosed Diabetes: A Community Nursing‐Led Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Amin Shaimaa Mohamed , Ali Ahmed Salah , Khedr Mahmoud Abdelwahab , Hendy Abdelaziz , Atta Mohamed Hussein Ramadan 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAimThis study examined the interplay among spirituality, self‐efficacy and resilience in this context.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodA total of 178 parents of children newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus; the instruments used for data collection were the Parental Self‐Efficacy Scale for Diabetes Management, The Arabic version of The Walsh Family Resilience Questionnaire and the Spiritual Perspective Scale.ResultsSelf‐efficacy had a significant positive direct effect on family resilience. Spirituality also had a significant positive direct effect on family resilience. Additionally, self‐efficacy had a significant positive indirect effect on family resilience through its effect on spirituality.ConclusionThe findings underscore the impact of spirituality and self‐efficacy on a family resilience.Implications for the ProfessionNurses should prioritise self‐care and personal reflection to enhance their spiritual well‐being. This can help them better understand and empathise with their patients' spiritual needs, allowing for more effective and compassionate care.ImpactUpon the initial diagnosis of diabetes in a child, parents undergo a profound emotional and psychological upheaval. They are faced with the daunting task of managing their child's condition while also coping with their feelings of distress, uncertainty and fear. Amidst these challenges, factors such as self‐efficacy and resilience play pivotal roles in determining how parents adapt to and navigate this new reality.Nurses can use spiritual care to give parents a sense of meaning, purpose and hope, bolstering their self‐efficacy and resilience.Reporting MethodThe relevant reporting method has been adhered to, that is, STROBE.Patient or Public ContributionIn our research, data collection is assisted by nurses working in community‐based settings.
Estimated and in vivo measurements of bite force demonstrate exceptionally large bite forces in parrots (Psittaciformes)
Authors: Harrison Shannon L. , Sutton Gregory P. , Herrel Anthony , Deeming D. Charles 
Published: September 2024

AbstractJaw morphology and function determine the range of dietary items that an organism can consume. Bite force is a function of the force exerted by the jaw musculature and applied via the skeleton. Bite force has been studied in a wide range of taxa using various methods, including direct measurement, or calculation from skulls or jaw musculature. Data for parrots (Psittaciformes), considered to have strong bites, are rare. This study calculated bite force for a range of parrot species of differing sizes using a novel method that relied on forces calculated using the area of jaw muscles measured in situ and their masses. The values for bite force were also recorded in vivo using force transducers, allowing for a validation of the dissection‐based models. The analysis investigated allometric relationships between measures of body size and calculated bite force. Additionally, the study examined whether a measure of a muscle scar could be a useful proxy to estimate bite force in parrots. Bite force was positively allometric relative to body and skull mass, with macaws having the strongest bite recorded to date for a bird. Calculated values for bite force were not statistically different from measured values. Muscle scars from the adductor muscle attachment on the mandible can be used to accurately predict bite force in parrots. These results have implications for how parrots process hard food items and how bite forces are estimated in other taxa using morphological characteristics of the jaw musculature.
Consumer engagement with preventive health technologies: A double‐edged sword for consumer wellbeing
Authors: Baiwir Lisa , Dessart Laurence , Delcourt Cécile 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAlthough preventive health technologies are commonly considered as enhancing consumer wellbeing, little is known about their unintended consequences. This paper explores the relationship between consumer engagement (CE) with preventive health technologies and wellbeing, to best understand when engagement is beneficial‐versus detrimental‐to consumer wellbeing. A thematic analysis of 30 in‐depth interviews with users of such technologies reveal that (1) consumers engage with preventive health technologies based on a variety of health goals, (2) specific engagement trajectories result from those contrasting consumer health goals, and (3) the beneficial versus detrimental role of CE with preventive health technologies in consumer wellbeing is conditioned by the type of trajectories consumers engage in. This paper proposes a nuanced perspective by demonstrating that CE with preventive health technologies can be considered a double‐edged sword for consumer wellbeing. While these technologies can support healthy routines, they can also lead to maladaptive behavior through over‐engagement.