bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of computed tomography in assessing caustic ingestion damage to the esogastric tract
Authors: Retal Hamza , El Graini Soumya , Naggar Amine , Yassine Kassab Alia , El Bakkari Asaad , Jroundi Laila , Laamrani Fatima Zahrae 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Ingestion of corrosive substances represents a frequent and consequential medical scenario, significantly impacting both vital and functional prognoses through the emergence of acute complications or stenosis, which pose considerable therapeutic challenges. Currently, endoscopy remains the cornerstone modality for diagnostic assessment and management. Nevertheless, recent research highlights computed tomography (CT) as a promising alternative, avoiding the risks associated with endoscopy and reducing the unnecessary surgical interventions based on its findings.

Methods
Our retrospective study, spanning three years, encompassed 28 patients who had ingested corrosive substances. Among them, 24 underwent both CT scanning and endoscopic evaluation using CT and endoscopic scores.

Results
Employing Standardized CT scoring criteria alongside the Zargar’s endoscopic classification, our findings revealed significant concordance between the two modalities, particularly in discerning trans-parietal necrosis within the esophagus and stomach. Notably, radiographic evidence of digestive tract injury was found to be predictive of complications in over 80% of cases, demonstrating high sensitivity and negative predictive value. Furthermore, CT scores indicating moderate to severe injury were significantly associated with stenosis, with slightly inferior performance compared to endoscopy. Of particular note, a CT score indicative of severe injury was found to be a good predictor of mortality, further underscoring the prognostic value of CT in these cases.

Conclusion
While the utility of CT in this context is undeniable, its integration with endoscopic findings remains imperative. We advocate for a systematic approach incorporating CT scanning, with further prospective research warranted to explore the feasibility of CT as a standalone diagnostic tool, as suggested by some scholars.
Quality characteristics and HPLC detection of phosphodiesterase inhibitors in some herbal capsules indicated for male sexual disorders in Ghana
Authors: Akotey Anita Nana Abla Oscar , Amponsah Isaac Kingsley , Armah Francis Ackah , Turkson Bernard Kofi , Addotey John Nii , Osei Yaa Asantewaa , Adu Joseph , Dickson Rita Akosua 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Herbal medicines used for male sexual disorders are widespread across the globe and have been noted as likely candidates for adulteration. To assure access to safe and quality herbal products, this study aimed at sampling some herbal capsules indicated for male vitality for quality analytical checks.

Methods
Herbal capsules sampled from two regions were subjected to physicochemical assessment, using pharmacopeial and regulatory standards. Microbial quality analysis was also performed on the selected products. A validated HPLC method for simultaneous analysis of sildenafil citrate and tadalafil was used to detect and quantify the possible presence of phosphodiesterase inhibitors in the selected products.

Results
Out of a total of 57 herbal capsules, 19 were indicated for male sexual related illnesses of which only 8 fulfilled the inclusion criteria of being used exclusively for male vitality. The majority (62.5%) of the herbal products failed the weight uniformity test but all of them disintegrated within the acceptable limit of 30 min. The moisture and heavy metal contents were within limits of acceptability. Majority (87.5%) of the herbal products failed the test for the aerobic bacteria count; however, none of the isolated bacteria was pathogenic. Sildenafil citrate was detected in the majority (87.5%) of the herbal products in concentrations of 0.98–33.95 mg/g. Two products contained both sildenafil and tadalafil. High batch-to-batch variability was recorded in some physicochemical parameters and pharmaceutical adulterants.

Conclusion
High incidence of quality fails and adulteration of herbal capsules for sexual disorders observed means there is a real risk of unintended dosing with phosphodiesterase inhibitors. This represents a public health issue and necessitates tighter monitoring of production standards by the regulator.
Comparing the Diagnostic Yield of Germline Exome Versus Panel Sequencing in the Diverse Population of the Texas KidsCanSeq Pediatric Cancer Study
Authors: Desrosiers-Battu Lauren R. , Wang Tao , Reuther Jacquelyn , Miles George , Dai Hongzheng , Jo Eunji , Russell Heidi , Raesz-Martinez Robin , Recinos Alva , Gutierrez Stephanie , Thomas Amy , Berenson Emily , Corredor Jessica , Nugent Kimberly , Wyatt Castillo Rachel , Althaus Rebecca , Littlejohn Rebecca , Gessay Shawn , Tomlinson Gail , Gill Jonathan , Bernini Juan Carlos , Vallance Kelly , Griffin Timothy , Scollon Sarah , Lin Frank Y. , Eng Christine , Kulkarni Shashikant , Hilsenbeck Susan G. , Roy Angshumoy , McGuire Amy L. , Parsons D. Williams , Plon Sharon E. 
Published: September 2024

PURPOSE To evaluate the relative diagnostic yield of clinical germline genomic tests in a diverse pediatric cancer population. PATIENTS AND METHODS The KidsCanSeq study enrolled pediatric cancer patients across six sites in Texas. Germline analysis included both exome sequencing and a therapy-focused pediatric cancer gene panel. The results were categorized by participants demographics, the presence of pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants, and variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in cancer predisposition genes (CPGs). Pediatric actionable CPGs were defined as those with cancer surveillance recommendations during childhood. RESULTS Cancer P/LP variants were reported by at least one platform in 103 of 578 (17.8%) participants of which 76 were dominant cancer genes (13.1%) with no significant differences by self-described race or Hispanic ethnicity. However, the proportion of participants with VUS was greater in Asian and African American participants ( P = .0029). Diagnostic yield was 16.6% for exome versus 8.5% for panel ( P < .0001) with 42 participants with concordant germline results. Exome-only results included P/LP variants in 30 different CPGs in 54 participants, whereas panel-only results included seven participants with a copy number or structural P/LP variants in CPGs. There was no significant difference in diagnostic yield limited to pediatric actionable CPGs ( P = .6171). CONCLUSION Approximately 18% of a diverse pediatric cancer population had germline diagnostic findings with 50% of P/LP variants reported by only one platform because of CPGs not on the targeted panel and copy number variants (CNVs)/rearrangements not reported by exome. Although diagnostic yields were similar in this diverse population, increases in VUS results were observed in Asian and African American populations. Given the clinical significance of CNVs/rearrangements in this cohort, detection is critical to optimize germline analysis of pediatric cancer populations.
Changes in Family Structure and Increasing Care Gaps in the United States, 2015–2050
Authors: Wu Huijing , Margolis Rachel , Verdery Ashton , Patterson Sarah E. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Research on caregiving in the United States has not clearly identified the scope of the gap between care needed and care received and the changes implied by ongoing and anticipated shifts in family structure. This article examines the magnitude of contemporary gaps in care among older adults in the United States and how they are likely to evolve through 2050. We use data from the Health and Retirement Study (1998–2014) to estimate care gaps, operationalized as having difficulties with activities of daily living (ADLs) or instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) but not receiving care. We also estimate variation in care gaps by family structure. Then, we use data from demographic microsimulation to explore the implications of demographic and family changes for the evolution of care gaps. We establish that care gaps are common, with 13% and 5% of adults aged 50 or older reporting a care gap for ADLs and IADLs, respectively. Next, we find that adults with neither partners nor children have the highest care gap rates. Last, we project that the number of older adults with care gaps will increase by more than 30% between 2015 and 2050—twice the rate of population growth. These results provide a benchmark for understanding the scope of the potential problem and considering how care gaps can be filled.
The Distribution of Carceral Harm: County-Level Jail Incarceration and Mortality by Race, Sex, and Age
Authors: Luck Anneliese N. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Jail incarceration remains an overlooked yet crucial component of the U.S. carceral system. Although a growing literature has examined the mortality costs associated with residing in areas with high levels of incarceration, far less is known about how local jails shape this burden at the intersection of race, sex, and age. In this study, I examine the relationship between county-level jail incarceration and age-specific mortality for non-Hispanic Black and White men and women, uniquely leveraging race-specific jail rates to account for the unequal racial distribution of jail exposures. This study finds evidence of positive associations between mortality and jail incarceration: this association peaks in late adulthood (ages 50–64), when increases in jail rates are associated with roughly 3% increases in mortality across all race–sex groups. However, patterns vary at the intersection of race, sex, and age. In particular, I find more marked and consistent penalties among women than among men. Additionally, a distinctly divergent age pattern emerges among Black men, who face insignificant but negative associations at younger ages but steep penalties at older ages—significantly larger among those aged 65 or older relative to their White male and Black female counterparts. Evidence further suggests that the use of race-neutral incarceration measures in prior work may mask the degree of harm associated with carceral contexts, because the jail rate for the total population underestimates the association between jail rates and mortality across nearly all race–age–sex combinations. These findings highlight the need for future ecological research to differentiate between jail and prison incarceration, consider the demographic distribution of incarceration's harms, and incorporate racialized measures of exposure so that we may better capture the magnitude of harm associated with America's carceral state.
Antagonistic roles of tau and MAP6 in regulating neuronal development
Authors: Sun Xiaohuan , Yu Wenqian , Baas Peter W. , Toyooka Kazuhito , Qiang Liang 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Association of tau (encoded by Mapt) with microtubules causes them to be labile, whereas association of MAP6 with microtubules causes them to be stable. As axons differentiate and grow, tau and MAP6 segregate from one another on individual microtubules, resulting in the formation of stable and labile domains. The functional significance of the yin–yang relationship between tau and MAP6 remains speculative, with one idea being that such a relationship assists in balancing morphological stability with plasticity. Here, using primary rodent neuronal cultures, we show that tau depletion has opposite effects compared to MAP6 depletion on the rate of neuronal development, the efficiency of growth cone turning, and the number of neuronal processes and axonal branches. Opposite effects to those seen with tau depletion were also observed on the rate of neuronal migration, in an in vivo assay, when MAP6 was depleted. When tau and MAP6 were depleted together from neuronal cultures, the morphological phenotypes negated one another. Although tau and MAP6 are multifunctional proteins, our results suggest that the observed effects on neuronal development are likely due to their opposite roles in regulating microtubule stability.
Cidades inteligentes à brasileira
Authors: Cunha Maria Alexandra , Miranda Paulo Roberto de Mello , Przeybilovicz Erico 
Published: September 2024

Objetivo: apresentar recomendações para os municípios desenvolverem ações de cidades inteligentes que levem em consideração o contexto brasileiro.
Estado da arte: pesquisas evidenciam que inúmeras ações voltadas à transformação digital dos municípios têm ocorrido nas últimas décadas. Porém, ainda existem diferenças regionais e locais, em relação à infraestrutura de tecnologia e à disponibilização de serviços on-line para os cidadãos.
Originalidade: o artigo apresenta seis recomendações para os gestores das cidades pensarem o uso de tecnologia a partir das necessidades locais: definir os problemas e usar o plano de governo; melhorar o acesso à internet no município; ampliar a cultura e a cidadania no mundo digital; cuidar da governança de tecnologia da informação; implementar serviços públicos digitais e sistemas de suporte aos cadastros e à gestão municipal; e fomentar oportunidades econômicas locais com as iniciativas digitais.
Impactos: a combinação das recomendações elencadas pode ajudar gestores de municípios a alcançar ganhos com a transformação digital e caminhar rumo a uma cidade inteligente, melhorando a vida da população no município com o uso de tecnologia.
Matching and Pricing in Ride Hailing: Wild Goose Chases and How to Solve Them
Authors: Castillo Juan Camilo , Knoepfle Dan , Weyl E. Glen 
Published: September 2024

We show that ride-hailing markets are prone to a matching failure (“wild goose chases”) in which high demand sets off a harmful feedback cycle of few idle drivers, high pickup times, and low earnings, drastically reducing welfare. After characterizing these failures theoretically and showing empirical evidence of their relevance, we analyze how platforms can avoid them. Raising prices brings demand back under control. Platforms can thus set a uniform high price, or they can use high “surge” pricing during high demand times while keeping prices low at other times. Some adjustments to the matching algorithm can also avoid the problem, but surge pricing performs better than them. This paper was accepted by Itai Ashlagi, revenue management and market analytics. Funding: This research was supported by the Kapnick Foundation Fellowship through a grant to the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research and by the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation through a grant to the University of Pennsylvania Center for Technology, Innovation, & Competition and to the Warren Center for Network and Data Sciences’s Economics of Digital Services initiative. Supplemental Material: The online appendices and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.00096 .
Langevin Dynamics Based Algorithm e-THεO POULA for Stochastic Optimization Problems with Discontinuous Stochastic Gradient
Authors: Lim Dong-Young , Neufeld Ariel , Sabanis Sotirios , Zhang Ying 
Published: September 2024

We introduce a new Langevin dynamics based algorithm, called the extended tamed hybrid ε-order polygonal unadjusted Langevin algorithm (e-THεO POULA), to solve optimization problems with discontinuous stochastic gradients, which naturally appear in real-world applications such as quantile estimation, vector quantization, conditional value at risk (CVaR) minimization, and regularized optimization problems involving rectified linear unit (ReLU) neural networks. We demonstrate both theoretically and numerically the applicability of the e-THεO POULA algorithm. More precisely, under the conditions that the stochastic gradient is locally Lipschitz in average and satisfies a certain convexity at infinity condition, we establish nonasymptotic error bounds for e-THεO POULA in Wasserstein distances and provide a nonasymptotic estimate for the expected excess risk, which can be controlled to be arbitrarily small. Three key applications in finance and insurance are provided, namely, multiperiod portfolio optimization, transfer learning in multiperiod portfolio optimization, and insurance claim prediction, which involve neural networks with (Leaky)-ReLU activation functions. Numerical experiments conducted using real-world data sets illustrate the superior empirical performance of e-THεO POULA compared with SGLD (stochastic gradient Langevin dynamics), TUSLA (tamed unadjusted stochastic Langevin algorithm), adaptive moment estimation, and Adaptive Moment Estimation with a Strongly Non-Convex Decaying Learning Rate in terms of model accuracy. Funding: Financial support was provided by the Alan Turing Institute, London, under the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [Grant EP/N510129/1]; the Ministry of Education of Singapore Academic Research Fund [Tier 2 Grant MOE-T2EP20222-0013]; the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme [Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement 801215]; the University of Edinburgh’s Data-Driven Innovation Programme, part of the Edinburgh and South East Scotland City Region Deal; an Institute of Information and Communications Technology Planning and Evaluation grant funded by the Korean Ministry of Science and ICT (MIST) [Grant 2020-0-01336]; the Artificial Intelligence Graduate School Program of the Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology; a National Research Foundation of Korea grant funded by the Korean government (MSIT) [Grant RS-2023-00253002]; and the Guangzhou–Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou) Joint Funding Program [Grant 2024A03J0630].
Diagnostic and management challenges in primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma with necrosis, inflammation, and surgical intervention: A case report
Authors: Kim Jun Mo , Choi Woo Young , Cheon Ji Seon 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND
Primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (PC-ALCL) poses significant diagnostic difficulties due to its similarity in the appearance of skin lesions with chronic inflammatory disorders and other dermatological conditions. This study aims to investigate these challenges by conducting a comprehensive analysis of a case presenting with PC-ALCL, emphasizing the necessity of accurate differentiation for appropriate management.
CASE SUMMARY
An 89-year-old female patient with diabetes and hypertension presented with arm and abdominal ulcerated mass lesions. Diagnostic procedures included skin biopsies, histopathological assessments, and immunohistochemistry, complemented by advanced imaging techniques to confirm the diagnosis. The patient’s lesions were determined as PC-ALCL, characterized by necrosis, chronic inflammation, and a distinct immunophenotypic profile, including CD30, CD3, CD4, and EBER, CD56, MUM-1, Ki 67-positive in > 80% of tumor cells, CD10, but negative for anaplastic lymphoma kinase, CD5, CD20, PAX-5, Bcl-2, Bcl-6, CD8, and CD15. Recurrence was not reported at the 6-month follow-up.
CONCLUSION
Accurate PC-ALCL differentiation from similar conditions is crucial for effective management and requires a multidisciplinary approach.
Implementation of HetNet architectures based on FSO, VLC, RoF, and photonics-based RF generation toward 6G applications
Authors: de Souza Lopes Celso Henrique , Villena Andrade Tomas Powell , Pereira Luiz Augusto Melo , Conforti Evandro , Cerqueira Sodré Junior Arismar 
Published: September 2024

This paper presents two distinct network architectures designed to address the demands of 5G/6G applications. The first architecture is an analog radio-over-fiber (RoF) optical fronthaul operating in the V-band at 60 GHz, integrated within a wavelength-division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON). This setup employs photonic techniques for RF signal generation, specifically using carrier-suppressed double sideband (CS-DSB) modulation via Mach–Zehnder modulators (MZMs), enabling efficient frequency multiplication and signal transport. Experimental results demonstrate its ability to achieve a data rate of approximately 11.8 Gbit/s, meeting the requirements for 5G/6G cell densification. The second architecture is a heterogeneous network (HetNet) that combines fiber-wireless (FiWi), free space optics (FSO), and visible light communication (VLC) technologies in a unified network configuration designed for indoor 6G solutions. This HetNet architecture was tested at 39 GHz and features a 20 km optical fiber midhaul, an FSO fronthaul, and a dual VLC/RF access network. The setup was evaluated based on the root mean square error vector magnitude (EVMRMS) requirements, with results indicating satisfactory coexistence of the employed technologies, achieving a total data throughput of 1.5 Gbit/s.
Chaplain development in Clinical Pastoral Education (CPE) in healthcare settings in England: A mixed methods study
Authors: Szilagyi Csaba , Newitt Mark , Nuzum Daniel 
Published: September 2024

Background
Clinical Pastoral Education (CPE) is the predominant specialised training for healthcare chaplains in several national contexts. CPE is spiritual care education that uses experiential and action-reflection learning methods to train diverse participants. However, CPE is not established for chaplaincy training in England. Currently, chaplaincy education in England lacks standardisation, leading to inequalities in entry into the profession and inconsistent training and career pathways. CPE has the potential to address these issues. We examined changes associated with participating in CPE and participants’ perceptions about their learning experience. We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of CPE as a viable chaplaincy education model in healthcare settings in England.

Methods
Convergent mixed methods involved pre-post surveys and focus group sessions to examine the experiences and development of seven chaplains, with diverse experience levels and backgrounds, who participated in the pilot CPE unit in NHS England. We integrated thematic analysis and survey results.

Results
We identified four overarching themes: Development pathways, Catalysts for development, Advantages of CPE for chaplaincy education, and Experiences with CPE course structure. Participants developed along various pathways: confidence, reflective practice, emotional intelligence, listening and attending skills, diversity in chaplaincy care, and spiritual assessment. Survey results confirmed several themes, indicating gains in chaplaincy capabilities, emotional intelligence, and counselling self-efficacy. Participants emphasised the advantages and effectiveness of the CPE model.

Conclusions
Quantitative and qualitative findings converged to provide rich evidence that CPE generated personal and professional development, improving chaplaincy practice. General learning pathways moved from personal development, through the interpersonal learning context, and translated into chaplain competency. Participants endorsed CPE, as a robust and effective training model for chaplaincy in the English context, for those entering the profession and experienced chaplains alike. We conceptualised preliminary models for chaplain development and learning pathways in CPE that need validation and refinement by future research.
Fashion: Seductive Play, Stefano Marino and Giovanni Matteucci (eds) (2023)
Authors: Cook Jennie 
Published: September 2024

Review of: Fashion: Seductive Play, Stefano Marino and Giovanni Matteucci (eds) (2023)
London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 131 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-35020-038-8, h/bk, $115.00
Islamicate Textiles: Fashion, Fabric, and Ritual, Faegheh Shirazi (2023)
Authors: Stwodah Hawa 
Published: September 2024

Review of: Islamicate Textiles: Fashion, Fabric, and Ritual, Faegheh Shirazi (2023)
London, New York and Dublin: Bloomsbury Visual Arts, 197 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-35029-123-2, h/bk, $115.00