bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tooth Loss Increases the Risk of Diminished Cognitive Function
Authors: Cerutti-Kopplin D. , Feine J. , Padilha D.M. , de Souza R.F. , Ahmadi M. , Rompré P. , Booij L. , Emami E. 
Published: February 2016

Emerging evidence suggests that oral health is associated with cognitive function. This review aims to systematically assess this association in adult populations via prospective cohort study designs. Eligible study reports were identified by searching the MEDLINE (via Ovoid), EMBASE, PsycoINFO, and Cochrane Library databases. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with a random effects model. From 1,251 identified articles, 10 were included in the systematic review and 8 in the meta-analysis. Random effects analysis showed, with statistically low heterogeneity, that individuals with suboptimal dentition (<20 teeth) were at a 20% higher risk for developing cognitive decline (HR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.14 to 1.40) and dementia (HR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.43) than those with optimal dentition (≥20 teeth). Studies on the association between periodontal disease and cognitive status showed conflicting results. Within the limits of the quality of published evidence, this meta-analysis lends further support to the hypothesis that tooth loss is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Based on the published literature, the results of this study show that the risk for cognitive impairment and dementia increases with loss of teeth. This information adds to the evidence showing links between oral and general health and suggests that oral health strategies aimed to preserve teeth may be important in reducing risk of systemic disease.
Screw- vs. Cement-retained Implant-supported Prosthesis in Partially Edentulous Patients
Authors: Ramamoorthi M. , Esfandiari S. 
Published: February 2016

Understanding the morbidity events, incidence, and cost associated with each type of retention system used for implant supported prosthesis will help the clinician in better decision making. This study assessed the clinical and cost-effectiveness of the screw- and cement-retained implant-supported single crown and fixed partial denture for the replacement of teeth in partially edentulous jaws, from a health services perspective. A systematic literature search conducted in 10 databases, complemented by 4 journal databases and International Association for Dental Research abstracts, identified 92 studies on the single crown and 40 studies on the fixed partial denture. Minor and major technical complication events, as well as failure events, were extracted from strong- and medium-quality studies. Studies based on similar designs were pooled with a random-effects Poisson regression model. A decision tree was developed to estimate the cost-effectiveness over a 15-y period posttreatment. The initial and maintenance costs to treat technical complication events were based on an American Dental Association survey of 2011 to 2012. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was used to examine the uncertainty in the data input parameters. Clinical evidence generated from the meta-analysis suggested no statistical difference between the 2 retention systems. The cost-effectiveness is presented as an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. The evidence from this report suggests that cement retention is the more cost-effective strategy as compared with screw retention prosthesis. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Evidence generated by this study will help clinicians make an appropriate cost-effective treatment decision in choosing the retention system for partially edentulous patients.
Fluid-induced, shear stress-regulated extracellular matrix and matrix metalloproteinase genes expression on human annulus fibrosus cells
Authors: Chou Po-Hsin , Wang Shih-Tien , Yen Meng-Hua , Liu Chien-Lin , Chang Ming-Chau , Lee Oscar Kuang-Sheng 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Background
Mechanical loading plays an important role in the regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis as well as pathogenesis of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. The human annulus fibrosus (hAF) in the IVD is subjected to contact shear stress during body motion. However, the effects of shear stress on hAF cells remain unclear. This aim of the study was to investigate the expression of the ECM (COLI, COLIII and aggrecan) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-1, MMP-3 and ADAMTS-4) genes in hAF cells following fluid-induced shear stress in a custom-fabricated bio-microfluidic device.

Methods
hAF cells were harvested from degenerated disc tissues in routine spine surgery, staged by magnetic resonance imaging, expanded in monolayers and then seeded onto the bio-microfluidic device. The experimental groups were subjected to 1 and 10 dyne/cm2 shear stress for 4 h, and no shear stress was applied to the control group. We used real time polymerase chain reaction for gene expression.

Results
Shear stress of 1 dyne/cm2 exerted an anabolic effect on COLI and COLIII genes and catabolic effects on the aggrecan gene, while 10 dyne/cm2 had an anabolic effect on the COLI gene and a catabolic effect on COLIII and aggrecan genes. The COLI gene was upregulated in a stress-dependent manner. Expression of MMP-1 was significantly higher in the 10 dyne/cm2 group compared to the control group (P < 0.05), but was similar in the control and 1 dyne/cm2 groups. Expression of MMP-3 and ADAMTS-4 were similar in all three groups.

Conclusion
Taken together, hAF cells responded to shear stress. The findings help us understand and clarify the effects of shear stress on IVD degeneration as well as the development of a new therapeutic strategy for IVD degeneration.
High-quality draft genome sequence of the Thermus amyloliquefaciens type strain YIM 77409T with an incomplete denitrification pathway
Authors: Zhou En-Min , Murugapiran Senthil K. , Mefferd Chrisabelle C. , Liu Lan , Xian Wen-Dong , Yin Yi-Rui , Ming Hong , Yu Tian-Tian , Huntemann Marcel , Clum Alicia , Pillay Manoj , Palaniappan Krishnaveni , Varghese Neha , Mikhailova Natalia , Stamatis Dimitrios , Reddy T. B. K. , Ngan Chew Yee , Daum Chris , Shapiro Nicole , Markowitz Victor , Ivanova Natalia , Spunde Alexander , Kyrpides Nikos , Woyke Tanja , Li Wen-Jun , Hedlund Brian P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThermus amyloliquefaciens type strain YIM 77409T is a thermophilic, Gram-negative, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterium isolated from Niujie Hot Spring in Eryuan County, Yunnan Province, southwest China. In the present study we describe the features of strain YIM 77409T together with its genome sequence and annotation. The genome is 2,160,855 bp long and consists of 6 scaffolds with 67.4 % average GC content. A total of 2,313 genes were predicted, comprising 2,257 protein-coding and 56 RNA genes. The genome is predicted to encode a complete glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, and tricarboxylic acid cycle. Additionally, a large number of transporters and enzymes for heterotrophy highlight the broad heterotrophic lifestyle of this organism. A denitrification gene cluster included genes predicted to encode enzymes for the sequential reduction of nitrate to nitrous oxide, consistent with the incomplete denitrification phenotype of this strain.
Draft genome sequence of chloride-tolerant Leptospirillum ferriphilum Sp-Cl from industrial bioleaching operations in northern Chile
Authors: Issotta Francisco , Galleguillos Pedro A. , Moya-Beltrán Ana , Davis-Belmar Carol S. , Rautenbach George , Covarrubias Paulo C. , Acosta Mauricio , Ossandon Francisco J. , Contador Yasna , Holmes David S. , Marín-Eliantonio Sabrina , Quatrini Raquel , Demergasso Cecilia 
Published: February 2016

AbstractLeptospirillum ferriphilum Sp-Cl is a Gram negative, thermotolerant, curved, rod-shaped bacterium, isolated from an industrial bioleaching operation in northern Chile, where chalcocite is the major copper mineral and copper hydroxychloride atacamite is present in variable proportions in the ore. This strain has unique features as compared to the other members of the species, namely resistance to elevated concentrations of chloride, sulfate and metals. Basic microbiological features and genomic properties of this biotechnologically relevant strain are described in this work. The 2,475,669 bp draft genome is arranged into 74 scaffolds of 74 contigs. A total of 48 RNA genes and 2,834 protein coding genes were predicted from its annotation; 55 % of these were assigned a putative function. Release of the genome sequence of this strain will provide further understanding of the mechanisms used by acidophilic bacteria to endure high osmotic stress and high chloride levels and of the role of chloride-tolerant iron-oxidizers in industrial bioleaching operations.
Boutique to Booming: Medicare Managed Care and the Private Path to Policy Change
Authors: Kelly Andrew S. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn 2014, Medicare Advantage (MA) enrollment surpassed 30 percent of eligible beneficiaries. Twenty-five years earlier, enrollment hovered at just 3 percent. The expansion of private Medicare plans presents a puzzling instance of policy change within Medicare—a program long held to be a quintessential case of policy stasis. This article investigates the policy features that made Medicare susceptible to this dramatic policy shift, as well as the processes by which the initial policy change remade the politics of Medicare and solidified the MA program. The first enrollment surge occurred in the absence of a proximate legislative or administrative change. Instead, increased spending and expanded benefits were the result of the interaction of new market dynamics with an existing legislative framework—demonstrating an expansionary form of policy drift. The 1982 Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act created a policy space that gave the new and lightly controlled managed care industry considerable operational discretion. As the interests of the government's private partners changed in response to new market dynamics, a change occurred in the output and performance of the Medicare managed care program. As enrollment and spending increased, Medicare's politics were remade by the political empowerment of the managed care industry and the creation of a new subconstituency of beneficiaries.
Path Dependency and the Politics of Socialized Health Care
Authors: Brady David , Marquardt Susanne , Gauchat Gordon , Reynolds Megan M. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Rich democracies exhibit vast cross-national and historical variation in the socialization of health care. Yet, cross-national analyses remain relatively rare in the health policy literature, and health care remains relatively neglected in the welfare state literature. We analyze pooled time series models of the public share of total health spending for eighteen rich democracies from 1960 to 2010. Building on path dependency theory, we present a strategy for modeling the relationship between the initial 1960 public share and the current public share. We also examine two contrasting accounts for how the 1960 public share interacts with conventional welfare state predictors: the self-reinforcing hypothesis expecting positive feedbacks and the counteracting hypothesis expecting negative feedbacks. We demonstrate that most of the variation from 1960 to 2010 in the public share can be explained by a country's initial value in 1960. This 1960 value has a large significant effect in models of 1961–2010, and including the 1960 value alters the coefficients of conventional welfare state predictors. To investigate the mechanism whereby prior social policy influences public opinion about current social policy, we use the 2006 International Social Survey Programme (ISSP). This analysis confirms that the 1960 values predict individual preferences for government spending on health. Returning to the pooled time series, we demonstrate that the 1960 values interact significantly with several conventional welfare state predictors. Some interactions support the self-reinforcing hypothesis, while others support the counteracting hypothesis. Ultimately, this study illustrates how historical legacies of social policy exert substantial influence on the subsequent politics of social policy.
Does Anything Work to Reduce Obesity? (Yes, Modestly)
Authors: Cawley John 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
A large number and range of policies to address the obesity epidemic have been implemented. However, the prevalence of obesity has continued to rise, or at best has leveled off, and many individual interventions have had disappointing results. This has led some people to question whether anything works to prevent or reduce obesity. In this essay I review the evidence on the effectiveness of antiobesity programs. Although some programs have had negligible effects, others have had small beneficial effects on diet, physical activity, and weight. Nutrition labels on packaged foods and calorie labels on menus have led to healthful reformulations of foods. Offering incentives for children to choose healthy foods, and for adults to go to the gym, have proven effective at changing behaviors. Precommitment mechanisms such as deposit contracts for weight loss and bariatric surgery are associated with weight loss but may not be ideal solutions for the majority of obese individuals. Certain comprehensive school-based interventions to change children's diets and promote physical activity have proved cost-effective. There is no magic bullet that will solve the problem of obesity, but numerous policies with modest beneficial effects, if enacted jointly, could result in meaningful change.
An Eample for the lifelong music education: Bolu Young Musicians Festival<p>Hayat boyu müzik eğitimine bir örnek: Bolu Genç Müzisyenler Şenliği
Authors: Akgül Barış Dolunay , Ece Ahmet Serkan , Sarısözen Doğan Müjde 
Published: February 2016

In this study, the work of The Association Supporting The Young Artist, one of the rare non-governmental organizations in the arts in Bolu, has been introduced and the contributions of The Festivals Of Young Musicians which has been organised by the associatioan for six years, to the artisitic life and Lifelog Music Education of all individuals form seven to seventy in the city, have been described. ÖzetBu çalışmada, Bolu ilinde il genelinde yer alan, sanat alanındaki nadir sivil toplum kuruluşlarından olan Genç Sanatçıları Destekleme Derneği’nin çalışmaları tanıtılmış, dernek tarafından 6 yıldır düzenlenmekte olan Genç Müzisyenler Şenliğinin Bolu ilindeki sanat hayatına ve yediden yetmiş yediye tüm bireylerin Hayat Boyu Müzik Eğitimine olan katkıları betimlenmiştir.
MTE1 Functions with MPH1 in Double-Strand Break Repair
Authors: Yimit Askar , Kim TaeHyung , Anand Ranjith P , Meister Sarah , Ou Jiongwen , Haber James E , Zhang Zhaolei , Brown Grant W 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Double-strand DNA breaks occur upon exposure of cells to ionizing radiation and certain chemical agents or indirectly through replication fork collapse at DNA damage sites. If left unrepaired, double-strand breaks can cause genome instability and cell death, and their repair can result in loss of heterozygosity. In response to DNA damage, proteins involved in double-strand break repair by homologous recombination relocalize into discrete nuclear foci. We identified 29 proteins that colocalize with recombination repair protein Rad52 in response to DNA damage. Of particular interest, Ygr042w/Mte1, a protein of unknown function, showed robust colocalization with Rad52. Mte1 foci fail to form when the DNA helicase gene MPH1 is absent. Mte1 and Mph1 form a complex and are recruited to double-strand breaks in vivo in a mutually dependent manner. MTE1 is important for resolution of Rad52 foci during double-strand break repair and for suppressing break-induced replication. Together our data indicate that Mte1 functions with Mph1 in double-strand break repair.
Probabilistic Multilocus Haplotype Reconstruction in Outcrossing Tetraploids
Authors: Zheng Chaozhi , Voorrips Roeland E , Jansen Johannes , Hackett Christine A , Ho Julie , Bink Marco C A M 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
For both plant (e.g., potato) and animal (e.g., salmon) species, unveiling the genetic architecture of complex traits is key to the genetic improvement of polyploids in agriculture. F1 progenies of a biparental cross are often used for quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping in outcrossing polyploids, where haplotype reconstruction by identifying the parental origins of marker alleles is necessary. In this paper, we build a novel and integrated statistical framework for multilocus haplotype reconstruction in a full-sib tetraploid family from biallelic marker dosage data collected from single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays or next-generation sequencing technology given a genetic linkage map. Compared to diploids, in tetraploids, additional complexity needs to be addressed, including double reduction and possible preferential pairing of chromosomes. We divide haplotype reconstruction into two stages: parental linkage phasing for reconstructing the most probable parental haplotypes and ancestral inference for probabilistically reconstructing the offspring haplotypes conditional on the reconstructed parental haplotypes. The simulation studies and the application to real data from potato show that the parental linkage phasing is robust to, and that the subsequent ancestral inference is accurate for, complex chromosome pairing behaviors during meiosis, various marker segregation types, erroneous genetic maps except for long-range disturbances of marker ordering, various amounts of offspring dosage errors (up to ∼20%), and various fractions of missing data in parents and offspring dosages.
Host Mitochondrial Association Evolved in the Human ParasiteToxoplasma gondiivia Neofunctionalization of a Gene Duplicate
Authors: Adomako-Ankomah Yaw , English Elizabeth D , Danielson Jeffrey J , Pernas Lena F , Parker Michelle L , Boulanger Martin J , Dubey Jitender P , Boyle Jon P 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn Toxoplasma gondii, an intracellular parasite of humans and other animals, host mitochondrial association (HMA) is driven by a gene family that encodes multiple mitochondrial association factor 1 (MAF1) proteins. However, the importance of MAF1 gene duplication in the evolution of HMA is not understood, nor is the impact of HMA on parasite biology. Here we used within- and between-species comparative analysis to determine that the MAF1 locus is duplicated in T. gondii and its nearest extant relative Hammondia hammondi, but not another close relative, Neospora caninum. Using cross-species complementation, we determined that the MAF1 locus harbors multiple distinct paralogs that differ in their ability to mediate HMA, and that only T. gondii and H. hammondi harbor HMA+ paralogs. Additionally, we found that exogenous expression of an HMA+ paralog in T. gondii strains that do not normally exhibit HMA provides a competitive advantage over their wild-type counterparts during a mouse infection. These data indicate that HMA likely evolved by neofunctionalization of a duplicate MAF1 copy in the common ancestor of T. gondii and H. hammondi, and that the neofunctionalized gene duplicate is selectively advantageous.
Análisis de la resistencia a <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> en plantas de <i>Passiflora maliformis</i> L.
Authors: Forero Randy , Ortiz Emiro , De León Wadith , Gómez Juan Camilo , Hoyos-Carvajal Lilliana 
Published: February 2016

<p><em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> es un hongo devastador en plantaciones de especies comerciales del género <em>Passiflora</em>, por consiguiente el propósito de esta investigación es la evaluación de <em>Passiflora maliformis</em> como una posible fuente de resistencia a este patógeno. Para este fin se emplearon plantas provenientes de semilla sexual de <em>P. maliformis</em> y se evaluó su respuesta ante aislamientos patogénicos de <em>F. oxysporum</em>, previamente identificados y demostrados como agentes causales de marchitez por <em>Fusarium</em> en <em>Passiflora edulis</em> Sims. Las pruebas se realizaron bajo invernadero en plantas de 2,5 y 19 meses de edad con un seguimiento de 70 y 231 días respectivamente. Todos los aislamientos fueron patogénicos, sin embargo, para ambos ensayos <em>F. oxysporum</em> A54 fue particularmente agresivo, los síntomas observados incluyeron retraso en el crecimiento, clorosis, decaimiento y decoloración del tejido vascular. En plantas de 2,5 meses se alcanzó una incidencia de 80 a 90% a los 42 días post inoculación y en plantas de 19 meses del 40% a los 91 días post inoculación. Independientemente de la edad, las plantas inoculadas manifestaron emisión de rebrotes a nivel basal y producción de geles vasculares. Los resultados sugieren que <em>P. maliformis, </em>desde estados fenológicos tempranos tiende a adquirir niveles de resistencia/tolerancia al ataque del patógeno, lo cual se ve reflejado en su recuperación a través de la emisión de rebrotes basales y a la formación de geles en vasos xilemáticos.</p>
Contenido de azufre, aluminio, hierro y manganeso foliar en especies vegetales cultivadas en suelo sulfatado ácido
Authors: Bernal F. Andrea Angélica , Forero U. Fabio Emilio , Almanza-Merchán Pedro José 
Published: February 2016

Los suelos sulfatados ácidos (SSA) se caracterizan por contener altas cantidades de minerales ricos en hierro y azufre, que al ser aireados, se oxidan y forman horizontes extremadamente ácidos, lo cual afecta el crecimiento de las plantas y genera una superficie escaldada. La siembra de especies vegetales como cultivos de cobertura, se plantea como una práctica ambiental que puede ser implementada en estos suelos. En este estudio, se realizaron análisis foliares a tres especies vegetales, remolacha forrajera<em> </em>(<em>Beta vulgaris</em> L.), nabo forrajero (<em>Brassica rapa</em> L.) y rábano forrajero<em> </em>(<em>Raphanus sativus</em> L.) sembradas en un SSA, contrastado con un suelo no sulfatado, con el fin de evaluar excesos o deficiencias de azufre (S), aluminio (Al), hierro (Fe) y manganeso (Mn) en plantas sembradas en un SSA proveniente del municipio de Paipa (Boyacá, Colombia). El ensayo se realizó bajo cubierta de plástico, sembradas las plantas en bolsas plásticas negras de 5 kg y, al finalizar su periodo vegetativo, se midieron las concentraciones foliares de los elementos propuestos. Los resultados indicaron que las plantas sembradas en el SSA presentaron mayores contenidos foliares de S, Al, Fe y Mn, con respecto a los registrados en las plantas del suelo no sulfatado, probablemente debido a una mayor capacidad de acumulación o extracción por parte de las especies, o a una mayor disponibilidad de elementos en el SSA.