bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exceptionally Long‐Lived Photodriven Multi‐Electron Storage without Sacrificial Reagents
Authors: Kuss‐Petermann Martin , Wenger Oliver S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPhotoexcitation of a molecular pentad in the presence of Sc3+ in de‐aerated CH3CN leads to a quinone dianion that is stable on the millisecond timescale. Light‐driven electron accumulation on the quinone unit is sensitized by two Ru(bpy)32+ complexes in an intramolecular process, which relies on covalently attached triarylamine donors rather than on sacrificial reagents. Lewis acid–Lewis base interactions between Sc3+ and quinone dianion are responsible for the exceptionally long lifetime of this photoproduct. Our study of photoinduced multi‐electron transfer is relevant in the greater context of solar energy conversion.
Tandem Oxidative Derivatization of Nitrene Insertion Products for the Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of 1,3‐aminoalcohols
Authors: Alderson Juliet M. , Schomaker Jennifer M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTransition‐metal‐catalyzed nitrene insertion into tertiary C−H bonds located at stereogenic carbons often results in mixtures of diastereomeric products, especially if the reaction proceeds through a concerted pathway. In this communication, we report a solution to this problem that invokes a one‐pot, silver‐catalyzed C−H nitrene transfer reaction. Nitrene insertion is followed by facile oxidation of the amine to an imine and nucleophilic addition to furnish α‐tertiary amine 1,3‐aminoalcohol products in high diastereoselectivities. The silver catalyst, PhIO oxidant, and TEMPO additive are crucial to success in this unusual oxidation, which is proposed to occur via hydrogen‐atom abstraction from pre‐activation of the initial nitrene insertion product by additional oxidant.
Somatic mutation profiles of clear cell endometrial tumors revealed by whole exome and targeted gene sequencing
Authors: Le Gallo Matthieu , Rudd Meghan L. , Urick Mary Ellen , Hansen Nancy F. , Zhang Suiyuan ,   NISC Comparative Sequencing Program, Lozy Fred , Sgroi Dennis C. , Vidal Bel August , Matias‐Guiu Xavier , Broaddus Russell R. , Lu Karen H. , Levine Douglas A. , Mutch David G. , Goodfellow Paul J. , Salvesen Helga B. , Mullikin James C. , Bell Daphne W. 
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUNDThe molecular pathogenesis of clear cell endometrial cancer (CCEC), a tumor type with a relatively unfavorable prognosis, is not well defined. We searched exome‐wide for novel somatically mutated genes in CCEC and assessed the mutational spectrum of known and candidate driver genes in a large cohort of cases.METHODSWe conducted whole exome sequencing of paired tumor‐normal DNAs from 16 cases of CCEC (12 CCECs and the CCEC components of 4 mixed histology tumors). Twenty‐two genes‐of‐interest were Sanger‐sequenced from another 47 cases of CCEC. Microsatellite instability (MSI) and microsatellite stability (MSS) were determined by genotyping 5 mononucleotide repeats.ResultsTwo tumor exomes had relatively high mutational loads and MSI. The other 14 tumor exomes were MSS and had 236 validated nonsynonymous or splice junction somatic mutations among 222 protein‐encoding genes. Among the 63 cases of CCEC in this study, we identified frequent somatic mutations in TP53 (39.7%), PIK3CA (23.8%), PIK3R1 (15.9%), ARID1A (15.9%), PPP2R1A (15.9%), SPOP (14.3%), and TAF1 (9.5%), as well as MSI (11.3%). Five of 8 mutations in TAF1, a gene with no known role in CCEC, localized to the putative histone acetyltransferase domain and included 2 recurrently mutated residues. Based on patterns of MSI and mutations in 7 genes, CCEC subsets molecularly resembled serous endometrial cancer (SEC) or endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC).CONCLUSIONOur findings demonstrate molecular similarities between CCEC and SEC and EEC and implicate TAF1 as a novel candidate CCEC driver gene. Cancer 2017;123:3261‐8. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Murine thymic NK cells: A case of identity
Authors: Male Victoria , Brady Hugh J. M. 
Published: May 2017

Just over a decade ago, it was established that NK cells in the thymus do not follow precisely the same developmental pathway as conventional NK cells that develop in the bone marrow. Subsequently, it has emerged that NK cells are one branch of a family of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). ILC1s and thymic NK cells have, however, sufficient similarities such that questions have been raised about how distinctive each cell type is from the other. In this issue of European Journal of Immunology, Gabrielli et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2017. 47: 800–805] make a detailed study of the transcription factor requirements of murine thymic NK cells. They provide a valuable insight into the distinctive identity of thymic NK cells with regard to Tbet, Nfil3, Id2, and Ets1. In addition, they clarify the nature of DX5 expression on NK cells and ILC‐like cells in the murine thymus.
Chemometric techniques to protect the traditional Austrian pumpkin seed oil
Authors: Zettl Daniela , Bandoniene Donata , Meisel Thomas , Wegscheider Wolfhard , Rantitsch Gerd 
Published: May 2017

The aim of this work was to establish suitable chemometric techniques for establishing provenance of pumpkin seed and pumpkin seed oil from the regions of Austria, China and Russia, in order to protect the authentic Austrian products from fraud and mislabelling. To achieve this goal, three different chemometric approaches, projection to latent structures (PLS), soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA) and support vector machines (SVM) were applied on two different trace element data sets. To evaluate the reliability of the classification achieved, the results were validated on an independent test set. PLS and SVM performed similarly in many situations. Also the prediction of the discriminating techniques was in accordance with the modelling technique SIMCA. But PLS alone can be used to separate Austrian from non‐Austrian pumpkin seed and pumpkin seed oil samples based on trace element data.Practical applications: For various reasons, more and more consumers prefer local products with a defined geographical origin. Producers also advertise the geographical origin and are trying to increase the value of their products by praising the quality of their products through a geographical designation. Unfortunately, there is an increases of abuse in these products which also comprise the ‘Styrian pumpkin seed oil PGI’ with falsely declared geographical origin. The demand for an analytical approach how to counteract the falsification of origin of Styrian pumpkin seed oil has increased considerably. The aim of this work is to establish an analytical method with suitable chemometric techniques for establishing the provenance of pumpkin seed oil from the regions of Austria, China and Russia, in order to protect the authentic Austrian products from fraud and mislabelling.PLS, SIMCA and SVM chemometric techniques are applied for establishing the provenance of pumpkin seed and pumpkin seed oil. PLS and SVM perform similarly in most situations and are in accordance with SIMCA models. However, the classification task can be solved by PLS only.
Unconscious selection drove seed enlargement in vegetable crops
Authors: Kluyver Thomas A. , Jones Glynis , Pujol Benoît , Bennett Christopher , Mockford Emily J. , Charles Michael , Rees Mark , Osborne Colin P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDomesticated grain crops evolved from wild plants under human cultivation, losing natural dispersal mechanisms to become dependent upon humans, and showing changes in a suite of other traits, including increasing seed size. There is tendency for seed enlargement during domestication to be viewed as the result of deliberate selection for large seeds by early farmers. However, like some other domestication traits, large seeds may have evolved through natural selection from the activities of people as they gathered plants from the wild, or brought them into cultivation in anthropogenic settings. Alternatively, larger seeds could have arisen via pleiotropic effects or genetic linkage, without foresight from early farmers, and driven by selection that acted on other organs or favored larger plants. We have separated these unconscious selection effects on seed enlargement from those of deliberate selection, by comparing the wild and domesticated forms of vegetable crops. Vegetables are propagated by planting seeds, cuttings, or tubers, but harvested for their edible leaves, stems, or roots, so that seed size is not a direct determinant of yield. We find that landrace varieties of seven vegetable crops have seeds that are 20% to 2.5-times larger than those of their closest wild relatives. These domestication effect sizes fall completely within the equivalent range of 14% to 15.2-times for grain crops, although domestication had a significantly larger overall effect in grain than vegetable crops. Seed enlargement in vegetable crops that are propagated vegetatively must arise from natural selection for larger seeds on the occasions when plants recruit from seed and are integrated into the crop gene pool, or via a genetic link to selection for larger plants or organs. If similar mechanisms operate across all species, then unconscious selection during domestication could have exerted stronger effects on the seed size of our staple crops than previously realized.
A genomic footprint of hybrid zone movement in crested newts
Authors: Wielstra Ben , Burke Terry , Butlin Roger K. , Avcı Aziz , Üzüm Nazan , Bozkurt Emin , Olgun Kurtuluş , Arntzen Jan W. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSpeciation typically involves a stage in which species can still exchange genetic material. Interspecific gene flow is facilitated by the hybrid zones that such species establish upon secondary contact. If one member of a hybridizing species pair displaces the other, their hybrid zone would move across the landscape. Although theory predicts that moving hybrid zones quickly stagnate, hybrid zones tracked over one or a few decades do not always follow such a limitation. This suggests that hybrid zones have the potential to traverse considerable distances over extended periods of time. When hybrid zones move, introgression is predicted to result in biased gene flow of selectively neutral alleles, from the receding species into the advancing species. We test for such a genomic footprint of hybrid zone movement in a pair of crested newt species (genus Triturus) for which we have a priori support for westward hybrid zone movement. We perform a multilocus phylogeographical survey and conduct Bayesian clustering analysis, estimation of ancestry and heterozygosity, and geographical cline analysis. In a 600 km wide area east of the present day hybrid zone a genomic footprint constitutes empirical evidence consistent with westward hybrid zone movement. The crested newt case suggests that hybrid zone movement can occur over an extensive span of time and space. Inferring hybrid zone movement provides fundamental insight into historical biogeography and the speciation process, and we anticipate that hybrid zones will prove to be far more mobile than currently appreciated.
A high‐order element based adaptive mesh refinement strategy for three‐dimensional unstructured grid
Authors: Gou Jinlan , Yuan Xin , Su Xinrong 
Published: May 2017

SummaryAdaptive mesh refinement (AMR) shows attractive properties in automatically refining the flow region of interest, and with AMR, better prediction can be obtained with much less labor work and cost compared to manually remeshing or the global mesh refinement. Cartesian AMR is well established; however, AMR on hybrid unstructured mesh, which is heavily used in the high‐Reynolds number flow simulation, is less matured and existing methods may result in degraded mesh quality, which mostly happens in the boundary layer or near the sharp geometric features. User intervention or additional constraints, such as freezing all boundary layer elements or refining the whole boundary layer, are required to assist the refinement process. In this work, a novel AMR strategy is developed to handle existing difficulties. In the new method, high‐order unstructured elements are first generated based on the baseline mesh; then the refinement is conducted in the parametric space; at last, the mesh suitable for the solver is output. Generating refined elements in the parametric space with high‐order elements is the key of this method and this helps to guarantee both the accuracy and robustness. With the current method, 3‐dimensional hybrid unstructured mesh of huge size and complex geometry can be automatically refined, without user intervention nor additional constraints. With test cases including the 2‐dimensional airfoil and 3‐dimensional full aircraft, the current AMR method proves to be accurate, simple, and robust.
The effect of health care expenditure on patient outcomes: Evidence from English neonatal care
Authors: Watson Samuel , Arulampalam Wiji , Petrou Stavros ,   on behalf of NESCOP
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe relationship between health care expenditure and health outcomes has been the subject of recent academic inquiry in order to inform cost‐effectiveness thresholds for health technology assessment agencies. Previous studies in public health systems have relied upon data aggregated at the national or regional level; however, there remains debate about whether the supply side effect of changes to expenditure are identifiable using data at this level of aggregation. We use detailed patient data derived from electronic neonatal records across England along with routinely available cost data to estimate the effect of changes to patient expenditure on clinical health outcomes in a well‐defined patient population. A panel of 32 neonatal intensive care units for the period 2009–2013 was constructed. Accounting for the potential endogeneity of expenditure a £100 increase in the cost per intensive care cot day (sample average cost: £1,127) is estimated to reduce the risk of mortality of 0.38 percentage points (sample average mortality: 11.0%) in neonatal intensive care. This translates into a cost per life saved in neonatal intensive care of approximately £420,000.
In‐vitro analysis of early calcification in aortic valvular interstitial cells using Laser‐Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)
Authors: Davari Seyyed Ali , Masjedi Shirin , Ferdous Zannatul , Mukherjee Dibyendu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCalcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a major cardiovascular disorder caused by osteogenic differentiation of valvular interstitial cells (VICs) within aortic valves. Conventional methods like colorimetric assays and histology fail to detect small calcium depositions during in‐vitro VIC cultures. Laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a robust analytical tool used for inorganic materials characterizations, but relatively new to biomedical applications. We employ LIBS, for the first time, for quantitative in‐vitro detection of calcium depositions in VICs at various osteogenic differentiation stages. VICs isolated from porcine aortic valves were cultured in osteogenic media over various days. Colorimetric calcium assays based on arsenazo dye and Von Kossa staining measured the calcium depositions within VICs. Simultaneously, LIBS signatures for Ca I (422.67 nm) atomic emission lines were collected for estimating calcium depositions in lyophilized VIC samples. Our results indicate excellent linear correlation between the calcium assay and our LIBS measurements. Furthermore, unlike the assay results, the LIBS results could resolve calcium signals from cell samples with as early as 2 days of osteogenic culture. Quantitatively, the LIBS measurements establish the limit of detection for calcium content in VICs to be ∼0.17±0.04 μg which indicates a 5‐fold improvement over calcium assay. Picture: Quantitative LIBS enables in‐vitro analysis for early stage detection of calcium deposition within aortic valvular interstitial cells (VICs).magnified image
Double‐hydrophobic elastin‐like polypeptides with added functional motifs: Self‐assembly and cytocompatibility
Authors: Le Duc H. T. , Tsutsui Yoko , Sugawara‐Narutaki Ayae , Yukawa Hiroshi , Baba Yoshinobu , Ohtsuki Chikara 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe have recently developed a novel double‐hydrophobic elastin‐like triblock polypeptide called GPG, designed after the uneven distribution of two different hydrophobic domains found in elastin, an extracellular matrix protein providing elasticity and resilience to tissues. Upon temperature trigger, GPG undergoes a sequential self‐assembling process to form flexible beaded nanofibers with high homogeneity and excellent dispersibility in water. Given that GPG might be a potential elastin‐mimetic material, we sought to explore the biological activities of this block polypeptide. Besides GPG, several functionalized derivatives were also constructed by fusing functional motifs such as KAAK or KAAKGRGDS at the C‐terminal of GPG. Although the added motifs affected the kinetics of fiber formation and β‐sheet contents, all three GPGs assembled into beaded nanofibers at the physiological temperature. The resulting GPG nanofibers preserved their beaded structures in cell culture medium; therefore, they were coated on polystyrene substrates to study their cytocompatibility toward mouse embryonic fibroblasts, NIH‐3T3. Among the three polypeptides, GPG having the cell‐binding motif GRGDS derived from fibronectin showed excellent cell adhesion and cell proliferation properties compared to other conventional materials, suggesting its promising applications as extracellular matrices for mammalian cells. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2475–2484, 2017.
Regulation of RAW264.7 macrophage polarization on smooth and rough surface topographies by galectin‐3
Authors: Kianoush F. , Nematollahi M. , Waterfield J. D. , Brunette D. M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRecognition of topographical features induces phenotypic changes in macrophages although the receptors and signaling pathways are not completely characterized. As integrin molecules in focal adhesions/podosomes are in intimate contact with topography and topography modulates the NFkB pathway through cholesterol enriched raft‐associated adhesive signaling structures we hypothesized that a cell‐surface signaling complex comprised of galectin‐3 together with its ligand CD98 and integrinβ1 is important for topography‐directed lineage determination. This study used polished, sand blasted and acid etched (SLA) surfaces and two novel grooved topographies (G1 and G2) produced by anisotropic etching of Si <1 1 0> to evaluate the role of galectin‐3 in macrophage polarization in RAW 264.7 macrophages, as determined by gene expression and morphology. In the presence of the galectin‐3 inhibitor, lactose, the M2 marker (mannose receptor) was down‐regulated while the M1 marker (iNOS) was up‐regulated on smooth and rough surfaces. This skewing of phenotype suggests a role for galectin‐3 in macrophage polarization towards the M2 phenotype. Additionally, we evaluated the role of PI3K on polarization using PI3K inhibitor LY294002. We found that the M2 marker was down‐regulated on both PO (surface polished) and G1 surfaces implicating PI3K in lineage determination. We also found that surface topography altered cell morphology; macrophages had a larger area on G2 surfaces. Lactose treatment significantly reduced the cell area on all topographies suggesting that the galectin‐3 is also involved in signaling complexes triggering the rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2499–2509, 2017.
Wear resistance of poly(2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine)‐grafted carbon fiber reinforced poly(ether ether ketone) liners against metal and ceramic femoral heads
Authors: Yamane Shihori , Kyomoto Masayuki , Moro Toru , Hashimoto Masami , Takatori Yoshio , Tanaka Sakae , Ishihara Kazuhiko 
Published: May 2017

AbstractYounger, active patients who undergo total hip arthroplasty (THA) have increasing needs for wider range of motion and improved stability of the joint. Therefore, bearing materials having not only higher wear resistance but also mechanical strength are required. Carbon fiber‐reinforced poly(ether ether ketone) (CFR‐PEEK) is known as a super engineering plastic that has great mechanical strength. In this study, we focused on poly(2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC)‐grafted CFR‐PEEK and investigated the effects of PMPC grafting and the femoral heads materials on the wear properties of CFR‐PEEK liners. Compared with untreated CFR‐PEEK, the PMPC‐grafted CFR‐PEEK surface revealed higher wettability and lower friction properties under aqueous circumstances. In the hip simulator wear test, wear particles generated from the PMPC‐grafted CFR‐PEEK liners were fewer than those of the untreated CFR‐PEEK liners. There were no significant differences in the size and the morphology of the wear particles between the differences of PMPC‐grafting and the counter femoral heads. Zirconia‐toughened alumina (ZTA) femoral heads had significantly smoother surfaces compared to cobalt–chromium–molybdenum alloy femoral heads after the hip simulator test. Thus, we conclude that the bearing combination of the PMPC‐grafted CFR‐PEEK liner and ZTA head is expected to be a lifelong bearing interface in THA. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1028–1037, 2018.
Insulin‐Stimulated Bone Blood Flow and Bone Biomechanical Properties Are Compromised in Obese, Type 2 Diabetic OLETF Rats
Authors: Dirkes Rebecca K , Ortinau Laura C , Rector R Scott , Olver T Dylan , Hinton Pamela S 
Published: May 2017

AbstractType 2 diabetes (T2D) increases skeletal fragility and fracture risk; however, the underlying mechanisms remain to be identified. Impaired bone vascular function, in particular insulin‐stimulated vasodilation and blood flow is a potential, yet unexplored mechanism. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of T2D on femoral biomechanical properties, trabecular microarchitecture, and insulin‐stimulated bone vasodilation by comparison of hyperphagic Otsuka Long‐Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats with normoglycemic control OLETF rats. Four‐week old, male OLETF rats were randomized to two groups: type 2 diabetes (O‐T2D) or normoglycemic control (O‐CON). O‐T2D were allowed ad libitum access to a rodent chow diet and O‐CON underwent moderate caloric restriction (30% restriction relative to intake of O‐T2D) to maintain normal body weight (BW) and glycemia until 40 weeks of age. Hyperphagic O‐T2D rats had significantly greater BW, body fat, and blood glucose than O‐CON. Total cross‐sectional area (Tt.Ar), cortical area (Ct.Ar), Ct.Ar/Tt.Ar, and polar moment of inertia of the mid‐diaphyseal femur adjusted for BW were greater in O‐T2D rats versus O‐CON. Whole‐bone biomechanical properties of the femur assessed by torsional loading to failure did not differ between O‐T2D and O‐CON, but tissue‐level strength and stiffness adjusted for BW were reduced in O‐T2D relative to O‐CON. Micro–computed tomography (μCT) of the distal epiphysis showed that O‐T2D rats had reduced percent bone volume, trabecular number, and connectivity density, and greater trabecular spacing compared with O‐CON. Basal tibial blood flow assessed by microsphere infusion was similar in O‐T2D and O‐CON, but the blood flow response to insulin stimulation in both the proximal epiphysis and diaphyseal marrow was lesser in O‐T2D compared to O‐CON. In summary, impaired insulin‐stimulated bone blood flow is associated with deleterious changes in bone trabecular microarchitecture and cortical biomechanical properties in T2D, suggesting that vascular dysfunction might play a causal role in diabetic bone fragility. © 2017 The Authors. JBMR Plus Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.