bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The profitability of Chinese banks: impacts of risk, competition and efficiency
Authors: Tan Yong , Floros Christos , Anchor John 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
This study aims to test the impacts of risk-taking behaviour, competition and cost efficiency on bank profitability in China.

Design/methodology/approach
A two-step generalized method of moments system estimator is used to examine the impacts of risk, competition and cost efficiency on profitability of a sample of Chinese commercial banks over the period 2003-2013.

Findings
The paper finds that credit risk, liquidity risk, capital risk, security risk and insolvency risk significantly influence the profitability of Chinese commercial banks. To be more specific, credit risk is significantly and negatively related to bank profitability; liquidity risk is significantly and positively related to return on assets (ROA) and net interest margin (NIM) but negatively related to return on equity (ROE); capital risk has a significant and negative impact on ROA and NIM but a positive impact on ROE; there is a significant and negative impact of security risk on bank profitability (ROA and NIM). It is found that Chinese commercial banks with higher levels of insolvency risk have higher profitability (ROA and ROE). Finally, higher competition leads to lower profitability in the Chinese banking industry, and Chinese commercial banks with higher levels of cost efficiency have lower ROA. In other words, the structure–conduct–performance paradigm rather than the efficient–structure paradigm holds in the Chinese banking industry.

Originality/value
This is the first paper to investigate the impact of different types of risk, including credit risk, liquidity risk, capital risk, security risk and insolvency risk, on bank profitability. This is the first study which uses more accurate measurements of efficiency and competition compared to previous Chinese banking profitability literature and which tests their impact on bank profitability. The findings not only provide a general picture on the risk, efficiency and competition conditions in the Chinese banking industry, but also give valuable information to the Chinese Government and to the banking regulatory authorities to make relevant policies.
Honey buzzards don't always make a beeline
Authors: Chapman Jason W. 
Published: February 2017

(a) European honey buzzards breeding in Western Europe primarily use soaring flight to make annual long‐range migrations via the Strait of Gibraltar to winter in West Africa; this adult male was photographed on migration near Gibraltar. Photo: Javier Elloriaga. (b) Autumn migration routes of 12 satellite tagged adult European honey buzzards (colour‐coded lines); compared with the shortest possible straight‐line routes (dashed lines), most routes involved substantial westerly detours in Africa. Adapted from Vansteelant et al. (2016). (c) In contrast, Montagu's harriers predominantly use flapping flight during their migrations; this adult male is carrying a satellite transmitter. Photo: Theo van Kooten. (d) Autumn migration routes of 34 satellite tagged adult Montagu's harriers; migratory tracks more closely approached straight‐line routes, and typically involved longer sea crossings, than seen in European honey buzzards. Adapted from Trierweiler et al. (2014).In Focus: Vansteelant, W.M.G., Shamoun‐Baranes, J., van Manen, W., van Diermen, J. & Bouten, W. (2017) Seasonal detours by soaring migrants shaped by wind regimes along the East Atlantic Flyway. Journal of Animal Ecology, 86, 179–191.Migratory birds often make substantial detours from the shortest possible route during their annual migrations, which may potentially increase the duration and energetic cost of their journeys. Vansteelant et al. (2017) investigate repeated migrations of adult European honey buzzards between the Netherlands and sub‐Saharan Africa, and find that they make large westerly detours in Africa on both the spring and autumn routes. These detours allow migrants to capitalise on more favourable winds further along the route, thus reducing energy expenditure. Lifelong tracking studies will allow researchers to identify how migration routes have evolved to exploit predictable atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns.
Governed Through Ghost Jurisdictions: Municipal Law, Inner Suburbs and Rooming Houses
Authors: Freeman Lisa 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis article examines the legal geography of municipal bylaws regulating rooming houses in the City of Toronto. Using a legal geography analysis of Toronto's rooming house licensing bylaw, I argue that this bylaw is a ghost jurisdiction that designates part of the city as illegal and has implications for governance of the inner suburbs. In so doing, I push the debate on legal geography forward by suggesting that we, as urban scholars, take the temporal seriously in our analysis of space. Drawing from semi‐structured interviews, archival data and participant observation, I analyse seemingly mundane legal mechanisms through the case study of suburban rooming houses. Overall, in this article I make three contributions. First, I demonstrate how a temporal analysis is important to legal geography inquiries of uneven regulation and spaces of poverty. Second, I suggest that studies of legal governance are integral for redefining suburban governance amidst socio‐economic decline in the inner suburbs. Third, I argue that studying urban legal mechanisms in the suburbs is essential for moving beyond downtown analytical frameworks and is needed to address how low‐income suburban tenants, a large majority of whom are racialized newcomers, are unevenly regulated and unfairly governed by local government.
Performance Study of a Score‐based Likelihood Ratio System for Forensic Fingermark Comparison
Authors: Leegwater Anna Jeannette , Meuwly Didier , Sjerps Marjan , Vergeer Peter , Alberink Ivo 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this article, the performance of a score‐based likelihood ratio (LR) system for comparisons of fingerprints with fingermarks is studied. The system is based on an automated fingerprint identification system (AFIS) comparison algorithm and focuses on fingerprint comparisons where the fingermarks contain 6–11 minutiae. The hypotheses under consideration are evaluated at the level of the person, not the finger. The LRs are presented with bootstrap intervals indicating the sampling uncertainty involved. Several aspects of the performance are measured: leave‐one‐out cross‐validation is applied, and rates of misleading evidence are studied in two ways. A simulation study is performed to study the coverage of the bootstrap intervals. The results indicate that the evidential strength for same source comparisons that do not meet the Dutch twelve‐point standard may be substantial. The methods used can be generalized to measure the performance of score‐based LR systems in other fields of forensic science.
Biparietal Thinning: Accidental Death by a Fall from Standing Height
Authors: Mann Robert W. , Kobayashi Masahiko , Schiller Alan L. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBiparietal thinning resulting in bilateral and symmetrical resorption and loss of thickness of the parietal bones is an uncommon to rare condition in the anthropological and clinical literature. This enigmatic condition of unknown etiology was first reported in the 18th century and has been variously described as a nonmetric trait, anatomical variant, anomaly, and pathology. Biparietal thinning presents grossly and radiographically as oval‐shaped depressions in 0.25–0.8% and 0.4–0.5% of individuals and with a higher frequency in females over the age of 60 years. A review of the literature revealed only one example of cranial trauma associated with biparietal thinning and none of fatal trauma associated with this condition. This case reports a rare example of fatal trauma in an elderly man that resulted from a backward fall from a standing height and highlights the increased risk of craniocerebral trauma in individuals with this condition.
The impacts of mid‐treatment CBCT‐guided patient repositioning on target coverage during lung VMAT
Authors: Mathieu Dominique , Campeau Marie‐Pierre , Bedwani Stéphane , Roberge David , Doucet Robert , Zerouali Karim , Bahig Houda , Vu Toni , Lambert Louise , Masucci Laura , Filion Edith 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of this study is quantify intrafraction motion (IFM) during lung volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and evaluate the impact of mid‐treatment cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)‐guided patient repositioning on target coverage.MethodThis analysis included lung tumours treated with VMAT to 50–60 Gy in 3–5 fractions. Treatment planning was based on four‐dimensional CT scans from which internal tumour volumes (ITV) were derived. An isotropic 5 mm margin was added to obtain the final planning target volume (PTV). Patients were treated supine with a customized dual vacuum immobilization device (BodyFIX, Elekta, Sweden). All patients underwent pre and mid‐treatment CBCTs. Following each CBCT, a rigid registration was performed by a radiation oncologist. IFM was defined as the target displacement from pre to mid‐treatment CBCT. For patients with an IFM vector ≥5 mm, a post hoc dose calculation analysis was performed to assess the dosimetric impact of CBCT‐guided repositioning.ResultsNinety–seven patients (367 fractions) were included. Mean (±SD) overall treatment time was 53:02 ± 13:08 min. Mean time for mid‐treatment CBCT scan acquisition and patient repositioning was 15:49 ± 4:14 min. Mean IFM vector was 1.5 ± 1.4 mm (max = 8.1 mm) and was <5 mm in 354/367 (96%) of fractions. For all 13 fractions with an IFM vector ≥5 mm, dose calculation analysis of worst‐case scenario indicates that ITV coverage would have remained ≥95% without mid‐treatment repositioning.ConclusionFor 96% of fractions, the IFM vector was within the 5 mm PTV margin. Mid‐treatment CBCT‐guided couch repositioning did not significantly impact ITV coverage and prolonged treatment duration.
Eosinophilic granule cells in Carassius auratus scale epidermis
Authors: DePasquale Joseph A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractEosinophilic granule cells (EGCs) were characterized in Carassius auratus scale epidermis in situ and in explants. Live EGCs were readily identified by the presence of numerous large cytoplasmic granules observed with DIC microscopy. Histochemical staining with toluidine blue and alcian blue yielded granule metachromasia and pale blue granules, respectively, both consistent with mammalian mast cell staining. However, EGCs also share some features with mammalian basophils as neutral red dye was selectively incorporated into EGC granules. EGCs within scale epidermis were actively motile, displaying average speeds of 16 μm/min and maximum speeds of greater than 40 μm/min and showing morphological plasticity during migration. The predominant motile phenotype was elongate with a well‐developed leading lamella, while a broader body motile morphology was observed to a lesser extent. A trailing, relatively unchanged uropod was associated with every motile EGC and invariably contained one or a few granules. A rounded EGC shape without a leading‐edge or trailing uropod was also observed and was generally associated with static cells. Individual cells readily switched between the three major shapes during motility; static cells could abruptly develop a polarized morphology, and actively motile cells switched between elongate and broad‐bodied shapes or the static, rounded shape.
Medication‐induced SIADH: distribution and characterization according to medication class
Authors: Shepshelovich Daniel , Schechter Amir , Calvarysky Bronislava , Diker‐Cohen Talia , Rozen‐Zvi Benaya , Gafter‐Gvili Anat 
Published: February 2017

AimsThe aims of the current study were to determine the distribution of aetiologies for the drug‐induced syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) in hospitalized patients, and to characterize them according to the different drug groups.MethodsA single‐centre retrospective study was carried out, including all patients diagnosed with SIADH in a large community hospital and tertiary centre between 1 January 2007 and 1 January 2013 who were treated with drugs known to be associated with SIADH. Two physicians reviewed every patient's medical file for predetermined relevant clinical data.ResultsThe study cohort included 198 patients who had SIADH and received drugs associated with SIADH. Most patients [146 (73.7%)] were diagnosed with drug‐associated SIADH, while 52 (26.3%) were diagnosed with SIADH due to other aetiologies. The Naranjo algorithm differentiated well between the two groups (P < 0.001). Five drug classes (antidepressants, anticonvulsants, antipsychotic agents, cytotoxic agents and pain medications) were implicated in 82.3% of patients diagnosed with drug‐associated SIADH. Specific serotonin reuptake inhibitors and carbamazepine were commonly implicated. There were no clinically significant differences in the characteristics or severity of SIADH according to drug class.ConclusionsThe clinical characteristics of SIADH caused by different drugs are comparable. Patients with SIADH treated with drugs from five common medication classes will probably be diagnosed with drug‐induced SIADH. Physicians should be aware of the significance of these medication classes as SIADH aetiologies.
Allogeneic transplantation using CD34+ selected peripheral blood progenitor cells combined with non‐mobilized donor T cells for refractory severe aplastic anaemia
Authors: Purev Enkhtsetseg , Tian Xin , Aue Georg , Pantin Jeremy , Vo Phuong , Shalabi Reem , Reger Robert N. , Cook Lisa , Ramos Catalina , Cho Elena , Worthy Tat'yana , Khuu Hanh , Stroncek David , Young Neal S. , Childs Richard W. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryAllogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is curative for severe aplastic anaemia (SAA) unresponsive to immunosuppressive therapy. To reduce chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD), which occurs more frequently after peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplantation compared to bone‐marrow transplantation (BMT), and to prevent graft rejection, we developed a novel partial T‐cell depleted transplant that infuses high numbers of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor‐mobilized CD34+ selected PBSCs combined with a BMT‐equivalent dose of non‐mobilized donor T‐cells. Fifteen patients with refractory SAA received cyclophosphamide, anti‐thymocyte globulin and fludarabine conditioning, and were transplanted with a median 8 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg and 2 × 107 non‐mobilized CD3+ T‐cells/kg from human leucocyte antigen‐matched sibling donors. All achieved sustained engraftment with only two developing acute and two developing chronic GVHD. With a 3·5‐year median follow‐up, 86% of patients survived and were transfusion‐independent. When compared to a retrospective cohort of 56 bone‐marrow failure patients that received the identical transplant preparative regimen and GVHD prophylaxis with the exception that the allograft contained unmanipulated PBSCs, partial T‐cell depleted transplant recipients had delayed donor T‐cell chimerism and relative reduction of 75% in the incidence of acute grade II‐IV GVHD (13% vs. 52%; P = 0·010) and of 82% in chronic GVHD (13% vs. 72%; P = 0·0004). In multivariate analysis, partial T‐cell depleted transplants remained significantly associated with a reduced risk of GVHD. In conclusion, for patients with refractory SAA, this novel transplant strategy achieves excellent engraftment and survival when compared to unmanipulated PBSC transplants and dramatically reduces the incidence of both acute and chronic GVHD.
Usefulness of temporal bone prototype for drilling training: A prospective study
Authors: Aussedat C. , Venail F. , Nguyen Y. , Lescanne E. , Marx M. , Bakhos D. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivesDissection of cadaveric temporal bones (TBs) is considered the gold standard for surgical training in otology. For many reasons, access to the anatomical laboratory and cadaveric TBs is difficult for some facilities. The aim of this prospective and comparative study was to evaluate the usefulness of a physical TB prototype for drilling training in residency.DesignProspective study.SettingTertiary referral centre.ParticipantsThirty‐four residents were included. Seventeen residents (mean age 26.7±1.6) drilled on only cadaveric TBs (“traditional” group), in the traditional training method, while seventeen residents (mean age 26.5±1.7) drilled first on a prototype and then on a cadaveric TB (“prototype” group).Main outcome measuresDrilling performance was assessed using a validated scale. Residents completed a mastoid image before and after each drilling to enable evaluation of mental representations of the mastoidectomy.ResultsNo differences were observed between the groups with respect to age, drilling experience and level of residency. Regarding drilling performance, we found a significant difference across the groups, with a better score in the prototype group (P=.0007). For mental representation, the score was statistically improved (P=.0003) after drilling in both groups, suggesting that TB drilling improves the mental representation of the mastoidectomy whether prototype or cadaveric TB is used.ConclusionThe TB prototype improves the drilling performance and mental representation of the mastoidectomy in the young resident population. A drilling simulation with virtual or physical systems seems to be a beneficial tool to improve TB drilling.
The associations of resting metabolic rate with chronic conditions and weight loss
Authors: Christensen R. A. G. , Raiber L. , Wharton S. , Rotondi M. A. , Kuk J. L. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThe aim of this study was to examine the associations between baseline and changes in resting metabolic rate (RMR) with chronic condition(s) and weight loss (WL). Sex stratified analysis was undertaken on 393 adults from the Wharton Weight Management Clinics. The association between baseline RMR and WL was examined adjusting for age, BMI, ethnicity and treatment time. The association between changes in RMR (ΔRMR) and WL was also examined adjusting for baseline RMR and above covariates. Models were further adjusted for high glucose, triglycerides, blood pressure, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) and low high‐density lipoprotein (HDL). While men (6.0 ± 8.6 kg) and women (5.6 ± 8.3 kg) had significant WL throughout the intervention, their measured decreases in RMR (−48 ± 322 kcal and −5 ± 322 kcal, respectively) were non‐significant (P > 0.05). Individuals with a high blood pressure had a higher baseline RMR and women with a high LDL had a lower baseline RMR than those without the chronic condition (P < 0.05). Regardless of sex, WL was not significantly associated with baseline RMR or ΔRMR (P > 0.05) in both models. Participants with a low baseline RMR do not appear to be at a disadvantage for WL. Further, WL can occur without decreases in RMR in populations with high levels of obesity and obesity‐related comorbidities.
Validation of impedance cardiography in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Panagiotou Marios , Vogiatzis Ioannis , Jayasekera Geeshath , Louvaris Zafeiris , Mackenzie Alison , Mcglinchey Neil , Baker Julien S. , Church Alistair C. , Peacock Andrew J. , Johnson Martin K. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryBackgroundNon‐invasive methods of measuring cardiac output are highly desirable in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We therefore sought to validate impedance cardiography (ICG) against thermodilution (TD) and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in the measurement of cardiac output in patients under investigation for PAH.MethodsA prospective, cross‐sectional study was performed to compare single‐point measurements of cardiac output obtained by impedance cardiography (COICG) technology (PhysioFlow®) with (i) contemporaneous TD measurements (COTD) at rest and steady‐state exercise during right heart catheterization and (ii) CMR measurements (COCMR) at rest obtained within 72 h.ResultsPaired COICG and COTD measurements were obtained in 25 subjects at rest and 16 subjects at exercise. COCMR measurements were obtained in 16 subjects at rest. There was unsatisfactory correlation and agreement between COICG and COTD at rest (r = 0·42, P = 0·035; bias: 1·21 l min−1, 95% CI: −2·33 to 4·75 l min−1) and exercise (r = .65, P = .007; bias: 1·41 l min−1; 95% CI: −3·99 to 6·81 l min−1) and in the change in COICG and COTD from rest to exercise (r = 0·53, P = 0·033; bias: 0·76 l min−1, 95% CI: −3·74 to 5·26 l min−1). There was also a lack of correlation and unsatisfactory agreement between resting COICG and COCMR (r = 0·38, P = 0·1; bias: 1·40 l min−1, 95% CI: −2·48 to 5·28 l min−1). In contrast, there was close correlation and agreement between resting COTD and COCMR (r = 0·87, P<0·001; bias: −0·16 l min−1, 95% CI: −1·97 to 1·65).ConclusionsIn a representative population of patients under investigation for PAH, ICG showed insufficient qualitative and quantitative value in the measurement of resting and exercise cardiac output when compared with TD and CMR.
Seasonal variation in hospital encounters with hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia
Authors: Clemens K. K. , Shariff S. , Richard L. , Booth G. , Gilliland J. , Garg A. X. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimTo assess whether rates of hospital encounters with hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia display seasonal variation.MethodsTime series analyses of the monthly rates of hospital encounters (emergency room visits or inpatient admissions) with hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia from 2003 to 2012 using linked healthcare databases in Ontario, Canada.ResultsOver the study period, there were 129 887 hypoglycaemia and 79 773 hyperglycaemia encounters. The characteristics of people at the time of their encounters were similar across the seasons in 2008 (median age 68 years for hypoglycaemia encounters and 53 years for hyperglycaemia encounters; 50% female; 90% with diabetes). We observed moderate seasonality in both types of encounters (R2 autoregression coefficient 0.58 for hypoglycaemia; 0.59 for hyperglycaemia). The rate of hypoglycaemia encounters appeared to peak between April and June, when on average, there was an additional 49 encounters per month (0.36 encounters per 100 000 persons per month) compared with the other calendar months (5% increase). The rate of hyperglycaemia encounters appeared to peak in January, when on average, there was an additional 69 encounters per month (0.50 encounters per 100 000 persons per month) compared with the other calendar months (11% increase).ConclusionsIn our region, there is seasonal variation in the rate of hospital encounters with hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia. Our findings may help to highlight periods of vulnerability for people, may inform future epidemiological studies and may aid in the appropriate planning of healthcare resources.