bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incremental parsing in a continuous dynamical system: sentence processing in Gradient Symbolic Computation
Authors: Cho Pyeong Whan , Goldrick Matthew , Smolensky Paul 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Any incremental parser must solve two computational problems: (1) maintaining all interpretations consistent with the words that have been processed so far and (2) excluding all globally-incoherent interpretations. While these problems are well understood, it is not clear how the dynamic, continuous mechanisms that underlie human language processing solve them. We introduce a Gradient Symbolic Computation (GSC) parser, a continuous-state, continuous-time stochastic dynamical-system model of symbolic processing, which builds up a discrete symbolic structure gradually by dynamically strengthening a discreteness constraint. Online, interactive tutorials with open-source software are presented in a companion website. Our results reveal that the GSC parser can solve the two computational problems by moving to a non-discrete blend state that evolves exclusively to discrete states representing contextually-appropriate globally-coherent interpretations. In a simulation study using a simple formal grammar, we show that successful parsing requires appropriate control of the discreteness constraint strength (a quantization policy). With inappropriate quantization policies, the GSC parser makes mistakes that mirror those made in natural language comprehension (garden-path or local-coherence errors). These findings suggest that the GSC model offers a neurally plausible solution to these two core problems.
Diversity and (In)equality in the Global Art World: Global Development and Structure of Field-Configuring Events
Authors: Morgner Christian 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThere is a boom of art historical studies on the globalisation of the arts or global art world. Sociological accounts are, despite the rise of cultural and art sociology in recent years, almost complete absent from this discussion. This paper makes a contribution to the globalisation of the arts, but from a sociological and quantitative perspective. The focus of this paper is on particular type of global institution – biennials and other types of art festivals or large-scale exhibitions. These institutions are seen being major places of exchange and formulation of norms and standards. They define what is hip and new. However, theories of globalisation, in combination with accounts from professionals of the field, claim that these institutions propagate only Western values or have a homogenising quality, because they only show caste works from artists of the Western hemisphere or that they repeat the same works and artists across the globe. However, based on a large-scale quantitative survey, this paper will demonstrate that picture is more complex and that we find tendencies to homogenisation and heterogenisation existing at the same time or that the locality of these events acts as a source of uniqueness and innovativeness. The paper proposes a new theoretical framework that interprets these findings as based on Niklas Luhmann’s idea of second-order observation and Bruno Latour’s and Harrison C. White’s conception of the network.
Natürliche Theologie: Ein Plädoyer für eine neue Definition und Bedeutungserweiterung
Authors: McGrath Alister 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungNatürliche Theologie ist bis heute sowohl auf dem Gebiet der Systematischen Theologie als auch der Religionsphilosophie eines der interessantesten Themengebiete. Dieser Aufsatz erläutert, wie wichtig es ist, die Bedeutung von Natürlicher Theologie zu überdenken. Allgemein wird von einem Verständnis ausgegangen, das den Beweis der Rationalität des christlichen Glaubens im Allgemeinen oder ein plausibles Argument für die Existenz Gottes im Besonderen bedeutet, ohne sich dabei auf religiöse Annahmen zu berufen oder diese vorauszusetzen. Durch eine genealogische Analyse zeigt dieser Aufsatz, dass der Begriff „Natürliche Theologie“ in der christlichen Tradition an einigen Stellen in einer deutlich unterschiedlichen Bedeutung verwendet worden ist, und dass der in der Gegenwart vorherrschende Sinn die kulturellen und intellektuellen Belange des siebzehnten und frühen achtzehnten Jahrhunderts widerspiegelt. Sechs einzelne (wenn auch verwandte) Verständnisweisen der Natürlichen Theologie werden herausgearbeitet, von der jedoch keine als selbstverständlich richtig oder als normatives Verständnis des Konzepts verstanden werden kann. Abschließend wird festgehalten, welche positiven Folgen es haben könnte, wenn ein breiteres oder tieferes Verständnis der Natürlichen Theologie akzeptiert werden würde.
Gegebenheit, Präsenz, Ereignis – Kategorien einer phänomenologischen Gotteslehre
Authors: Beuttler Ulrich 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungDie neuere französische Phänomenologie hat erhebliches theologisches Potential, das im Gespräch mit J. L. Marion und J. Derrida erkundet wird. Ihre Grundkategorien Gegebenheit, Präsenz und Ereignis verweisen darauf, dass alles, was ist, gegeben oder Gabe ist. Andererseits verweigert die Gabe den Rückschluss auf den Geber, so dass eine radikale, nachmetaphysische Theologie der Offenbarung folgt. Gottes An-Abwesenheit wird qualifiziert als unmögliche Möglichkeit, als atopische Präsenz.
Real Relation and the Saturated Phenomenon (Part One)
Authors: Knight Taylor 
Published: August 2017

SummaryIn this article, I argue that Jean-Luc Marion’s concept of the saturated phenomenon offers a new way of thinking the relation between God and the human person. I show that the saturated phenomenon allows us to construct the relation between incommensurable terms (God and the human being) without requiring a similitude to mediate the relation. This essay will be published in two parts. In Part One of this essay (here below), I ground my argument in Thomas Aquinas’s doctrine of relation, and, through Pascal, link Marion’s understanding of “infinite distance” to Aquinas’s understanding of relation. As a consequence of this analysis, in Part Two I will develop a new concept of relation.
The problem of evil and the grammar of God
Authors: Koistinen Timo 
Published: August 2017

SummaryIn the contemporary Anglo-American philosophy of religion the problem of evil is one of the most widely discussed questions. In the context of these discussions, many prominent philosophers of religion have tried to offer a plausible – or, at least, a possible – explanation why an omnipotent and perfectly good being allows evil in the world and is also morally justified in doing that. There are also philosophers and theologians who think that this way of thinking is seriously misguided. In my paper I will deal with some ethical, theological/metaphysical and meta-philosophical arguments that have been offered against conceptual frameworks used in the discussion of theodicy. In particular, I will pay attention to affinities and differences between the ways D. Z. Phillips and Brian Davies have criticized contemporary forms of theodicy. I will also analyse the relation between their thought by taking up the question of the nature and aim of philosophy of religion.
Die Theologie der Pfingstbewegung: Beiträge und Herausforderungen an die christliche Dogmatik
Authors: Vondey Wolfgang 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungEine Integration der pfingstlerischen Theologie in die heutige christliche Dogmatik eröffnet sich auf Grundlage einer Unterscheidung von Pfingsttheologie, pfingstlicher Theologie und pfingstlerischer Theologie. Der Artikel findet die Bestandteile dieser Unterscheidung in der Spiritualität Pfingstens, der Erfahrung des heiligen Geistes, dem pfingstlerischen Evangelium, den pfingstlerischen Affekten, der Materialität der Pfingstbewegung, und der Verleiblichung des Pfingstereignisses. Zusammengefasst als pfingstkirchliche Theologie formen diese Elemente das theologische Symbol „Pfingsten“ im Herzen der Pfingstbewegung und stellen somit die wesentliche Herausforderung an die heutige christliche Dogmatik dar.
Choosing Whether to Comply with a General Duty or with a Specification Standard
Authors: Calcott Paul 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Regulated firms sometimes have a choice about whether to discharge a general duty or to comply with specification standards. This paper formalizes rationales for giving firms such a choice, but also points out drawbacks. One rationale is that choice can make compliance less onerous and hence more attractive. A second rationale is that the more socially efficient form of compliance can vary among firms. Whether this approach actually would be conducive to social efficiency depends on a range of factors, including the proportion of firms that would otherwise comply, the inflexibility that specification standards impose on firms, and on how strictly general duties would be interpreted.
Transaction Utility and Quality Choice
Authors: Sajeesh Sajeesh , Song Sang-Young 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper uses a game-theoretic model to examine the role of reference price for firms that vary in their quality positioning in competing for customers. Reference prices provide consumers with additional components of utility. Building on previous research on the impact of consumer decision making on firm strategies, we focus on how firms choose their positioning when consumer utility is driven not only by acquisition utility but also by the transaction utility associated with the purchase and how this, in turn, affects firms’ pricing decisions and profits. Considering a competition between two firms, this paper shows that the firm with higher product quality provides greater discounts to consumers. We also show that when firms are allowed to set a high ‘regular’ price, product differentiation is greater between the firms, and price competition is less intense. Furthermore, under some conditions, the profits of both firms can be higher than the benchmark case (when the effects of transaction utility are ignored).
Expounding knowledge through explanations: Generic types and rhetorical-relational patterns
Authors: Matthiessen Christian M. I. M. , Pun Jack 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we focus on contexts where the primary activity is toexpound knowledgeabout general classes of phenomena, either by categorizing and characterizing them or by explaining them based on some theory, ranging from a commonsense folk theory to an uncommonsense scientific theory. Texts produced in such contexts include science lectures, research articles, and entries in encyclopedias. We focus onexplanations, considering them across strata in terms of context, semantics, and lexicogrammar, and summarizing contributions from different research strands. Against this background, we report on a study of the registers used in secondary school chemistry textbooks in Hong Kong. We begin by summarizing a framework for classifying the contexts in which texts operate – a framework designed to allow us to differentiate different kinds of text according to the contexts they operate in. Then, we focus on one type of context – that of expounding knowledge about general classes of phenomena. Next, we identify different strategies of expounding knowledge, contrasting explanations and categorizations, and then discuss explanations in more detail. Finally, we move to the question of how these contextual types are realized semantically as texts organized as rhetorical complexes, drawing on secondary school textbooks in chemistry in particular.
Conjugate Heat Transfer Analysis on the Interior Surface of Nozzle Guide Vane with Combined Impingement and Film Cooling
Authors: Pujari Arun Kumar , Prasad B. V. S. S. S , Sitaram Nekkanti 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The effect of conjugate heat transfer is investigated on a first stage nozzle guide vane (NGV) of a high pressure gas turbine which has both impingement and film cooling holes. The study is carried out computationally by considering a linear cascade domain, having two passages formed between the vanes, with a chord length of 228 mm and spacing of 200 mm. The effect of (i) coolant and mainstream Reynolds numbers, (ii) thermal conductivity (iii) temperature difference between the mainstream and coolant at the internal surface of the nozzle guide vane are investigated under conjugate thermal condition. The results show that, with increasing coolant Reynolds number the lower conducting material shows larger percentage decrease in surface temperature as compared to the higher conducting material. However, the internal surface temperature is nearly independent of mainstream Reynolds number variation but shows significant variation for higher conducting material. Further, the temperature gradient within the solid thickness of NGV is higher for the lower conductivity material.
Benefits of Dominance over Additive Models for the Estimation of Average Effects in the Presence of Dominance
Authors: Duenk Pascal , Calus Mario P L , Wientjes Yvonne C J , Bijma Piter 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn quantitative genetics, the average effect at a single locus can be estimated by an additive (A) model, or an additive plus dominance (AD) model. In the presence of dominance, the AD-model is expected to be more accurate, because the A-model falsely assumes that residuals are independent and identically distributed. Our objective was to investigate the accuracy of an estimated average effect (α^) in the presence of dominance, using either a single locus A-model or AD-model. Estimation was based on a finite sample from a large population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), and the root mean squared error of α^ was calculated for several broad-sense heritabilities, sample sizes, and sizes of the dominance effect. Results show that with the A-model, both sampling deviations of genotype frequencies from HWE frequencies and sampling deviations of allele frequencies contributed to the error. With the AD-model, only sampling deviations of allele frequencies contributed to the error, provided that all three genotype classes were sampled. In the presence of dominance, the root mean squared error of α^ with the AD-model was always smaller than with the A-model, even when the heritability was less than one. Remarkably, in the absence of dominance, there was no disadvantage of fitting dominance. In conclusion, the AD-model yields more accurate estimates of average effects from a finite sample, because it is more robust against sampling deviations from HWE frequencies than the A-model. Genetic models that include dominance, therefore, yield higher accuracies of estimated average effects than purely additive models when dominance is present.
Assessment of workload effect on nursing occupational accidents in hospitals of Kashan, Iran
Authors: Sarsangi Vali , Salehiniya Hamid , Hannani Mitra , Marzaleh Milad Ahmadi , Abadi Yaser Salim , Honarjoo Fatemeh , Dehkordi Alireza Sanei , Derakhshanjazari Milad 
Published: August 2017

Background: Nurses often experience occupational accidents and injuries. The mental workload is one of the factors that often cause tiredness. Perilous behaviors possibly occur more in tired persons resulting in injuries. The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation between mental workload and nursing occupational accidents in public hospitals of Kashan, as well as factors affecting them.
Methods: The analytic-descriptive study described herein consisted of nursing staff from public hospitals of Kashan, Iran. Information was collected using a three-part questionnaire from a selected clustery of 406 nursing personnel in 2016. The questionnaire was used to collect demographics, assess mental workload (per the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX)), and assess frequency of accidents. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16.
Results: A total of 455 occupational accidents were recorded for 2016 with about 2.27±1.21 accidents per nurse. The minimum and maximum scores for frustration and effort were 47.82 ± 30.91 and 78.61 ± 18.15, respectively. The mental workload mean was calculated as 69.49 ± 15.69. In total, 120 (32%) nurses experienced occupational accidents. There was a significant positive correlation between mental workload, mental need and physical need with occupational accidents (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Occupational accidents are affected by mental workload. Taking actions to decline mental workload may result in a decrease of occupational accidents.
Variations in the Incidence and Mortality of Ovarian Cancer and Their Relationship with the Human Development Index in European Countries in 2012
Authors: Mohammadian Mahdi , Ghafari Mahin , Khosravi Bahman , Salehiniya Hamid , Aryaie Mohammad , Bakeshei Fatemeh Allah , Mohammadian-Hafshejani Abdollah 
Published: August 2017

Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) has high incidence and mortality rates among the reproductive system cancers. This study investigated the relationship between the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of OC and Human Development Index (HDI) in European countries in 2012.
Methods: This ecological study assessed the correlation between the ASIR and ASMR of OC and HDI and its components including life expectancy at birth, average years of schooling, and gross national income (GNI) per capita. Bivariate correlation analysis was used for assessing the correlation between the ASIR and ASMR of OC and HDI and its components. All reported P values were two-sided. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (Version 15.0, SPSS Inc.).
Results: The maximum ASIR of OC was observed in Latvia, Bulgaria, and Poland. The highest ASMR of OC was observed in Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland. The incidence and mortality rates of OC are expected to increase between 2012 and 2035. This increase will be more pronounced in women ≥ 65 years. HDI had a weak negative correlation with the ASIR of OC (r=- 0.213; P=0.186) and a weak positive correlation with the ASMR of OC (r=0.072; P=0.659).
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, health policy makers must make appropriate decisions to deal with the increasing morbidity and mortality of OC, especially in women over 65 years of age, in regions with lower access to prevention and treatment services.
De Quervain`s disease: evaluation by high resolution ultrasonography
Authors: Das Abhishek , B. J. Prabhu 
Published: August 2017

Background: De Quervain's tenosynovitis is a stenosing tenosynovitis of the first extensor compartment of wrist and leads to wrist pain and impaired function of wrist and hand. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of high resolution ultrasonography in diagnosing suspected cases of de Quervain’s tenosynovitis and also to evaluate the role of high resolution ultrasonography in detecting the anatomical variants of the first extensor compartment which are predisposing conditions for de Quervain’s tenosynovitis.Methods: A prospective study of 15 consecutive cases who were referred with clinical diagnosis of de Quervain`s disease was done with ultrasonography in the department of Radio-diagnosis and findings were carefully analysed.Results: Thickened extensor retinaculum over the first extensor compartment was found in all the cases. Mean thickness of the thickened retinaculum is 1.65 mm. In 60% of cases multiple slips of APL tendon were found.Conclusions: From the study, we conclude that extensor retinaculum thickening is a common finding in de Quervain`s disease.
Fetomaternal outcome in women with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Fareed Perveena , Siraj Farhana , Lone Kouser 
Published: August 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the fetomaternal outcome in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus.Methodology: This study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology GMC Srinagar. Patients with period of gestation more than 28 weeks with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus were included in study group and 100 non diabetic patients with similar period of gestation were taken as controls. Risk factors and fetomaternal outcome was compared in the two groups.Results: Gestational diabetes was seen commonly in patients with >30 years of age, increased parity, Positive family history and past poor obstetric history. Antepartum complications were seen more frequently in GDM group. Caesarean section rate was also high (74%) in diabetic group. Neonatal complications were seen more frequently in diabetic group. A significant percent (42.8%) patients developed overt diabetes over a one year follow up period. Conclusion: There was significant fetomaternal morbidity in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus. Hence early detection and treatment would reduce the fetomaternal mortality and morbidity.
Biologi Reproduksi Ikan Pari Toka-Toka (Himantura walga, Muller dan Henle 1841) yang Tertangkap dan di Daratkan di Cilincin
Authors: Novariani Novariani , Lubis Hafni , Fahmi Fahmi 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Rays are cartilaginous fishes that are commonly caught by fishermen in Java Sea especially in Jakarta Bay. One species of rays that has been oftenly caught is Himantura walga. Even though they are not categorized as target fishes, rays are susceptible to excessive fishing, due to their biological characteristics, so an effort is needed to conserve these fishes in the nature. As a first step to their conservation, an initial survey about its reproduction was done for Himantura walga. The survey covered spread of width size, sex ratio, growth pattern, sexual maturity level and the width size of males and females when they reach sexual maturity. Method used was descriptive with both market and purposive sampling. Chi square analysis showed that male and female ratio were well balanced. Result of regression showed that the width-weight correlation between male and female rays was allometrically positive. Most Captured males showed that their sexual maturity were at fully calcified stage (FC) while most females were at immature stage (TKG 1), according to their gonad condition. Males tend to reach sexual maturity earlier and have smaller body than females. Hence, it is advised for the fishermen to use selective fishing gears that are only able to capture adult rays.
Key words: Himantura walga, rays, reproduction biology
Studi Populasi Elang Jawa (Spizaetus bartelsi Stresemann, 1924) di Gunung Salak, Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun – Salak
Authors: Pribadi Dharmawan Pandu 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Javan Hawk – Eagles is an endemic raptor species in Java Island which is protected by the state and listed as endangered by IUCN and CITES Appendix II. The population of Javan Hawk - Eagles has been greatly reduced due to large-scale of illegal logging and forest destruction. The initial step that could be taken to preserve this species is to study the population in its natural habitat. Thus, studying the population of Javan Hawk - Eagles was the aim of this research. The research was conducted at Gunung Salak, Gunung Halimun – Salak National Park in February to March 2011. Method used was explorative descriptive with look-down method on particular. Data were analyzed descriptively by describing the species’ distribution map by using ArcGIS and ArcView GIS 3.3 softwares. The results showed that the eagle population consisted of 13 individuals with density and abundance values of 0.183 individuals/km2 (1 individual/6 km2) and 2. The values fell into “few category” and the distribution pattern was categorized as “uniform”. The eagles’ habitats were forest and hills at 797-1.383 meters above sea level although they are seen more often in forest.

Key words: Gunung Salak, Javan Hawk – Eagles, population