bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomechanics as a window into the neural control of movement
Authors: Latash Mark L. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBiomechanics and motor control are discussed as parts of a more general science, physics of living systems. Major problems of biomechanics deal with exact definition of variables and their experimental measurement. In motor control, major problems are associated with formulating currently unknown laws of nature specific for movements by biological objects. Mechanics-based hypotheses in motor control, such as those originating from notions of a generalized motor program and internal models, are non-physical. The famous problem of motor redundancy is wrongly formulated; it has to be replaced by the principle of abundance, which does not pose computational problems for the central nervous system. Biomechanical methods play a central role in motor control studies. This is illustrated with studies with the reconstruction of hypothetical control variables and those exploring motor synergies within the framework of the uncontrolled manifold hypothesis. Biomechanics and motor control have to merge into physics of living systems, and the earlier this process starts the better.
Spatial control of reflexes, posture and movement in normal conditions and after neurological lesions
Authors: Feldman Anatol G. , Levin Mindy F. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractControl of reflexes is usually associated with central modulation of their sensitivity (gain) or phase-dependent inhibition and facilitation of their influences on motoneurons (reflex gating). Accumulated empirical findings show that the gain modulation and reflex gating are secondary, emergent properties of central control of spatial thresholds at which reflexes become functional. In this way, the system pre-determines, in a feedforward and task-specific way, where, in a spatial domain or a frame of reference, muscles are allowed to work without directly prescribing EMG activity and forces. This control strategy is illustrated by considering reflex adaptation to repeated muscle stretches in healthy subjects, a process associated with implicit learning and generalization. It has also been shown that spasticity, rigidity, weakness and other neurological motor deficits may have a common source – limitations in the range of spatial threshold control elicited by neural lesions.
Engaging cognitive circuits to promote motor recovery in degenerative disorders. exercise as a learning modality
Authors: Jakowec Michael W. , Wang Zhou , Holschneider Daniel , Beeler Jeff , Petzinger Giselle M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractExercise and physical activity are fundamental components of a lifestyle essential in maintaining a healthy brain. This is primarily due to the fact that the adult brain maintains a high degree of plasticity and activity is essential for homeostasis throughout life. Plasticity is not lost even in the context of a neurodegenerative disorder, but could be maladaptive thus promoting disease onset and progression. A major breakthrough in treating brain disorders such as Parkinson’s disease is to drive neuroplasticity in a direction to improve motor and cognitive dysfunction. The purpose of this short review is to present the evidence from our laboratories that supports neuroplasticity as a potential therapeutic target in treating brain disorders. We consider that the enhancement of motor recovery in both animal models of dopamine depletion and in patients with Parkinson’s disease is optimized when cognitive circuits are engaged; in other words, the brain is engaged in a learning modality. Therefore, we propose that to be effective in treating Parkinson’s disease, physical therapy must employ both skill-based exercise (to drive specific circuits) and aerobic exercise (to drive the expression of molecules required to strengthen synaptic connections) components to select those neuronal circuits, such as the corticostriatal pathway, necessary to restore proper motor and cognitive behaviors. In the wide spectrum of different forms of exercise, learning as the fundamental modality likely links interventions used to treat patients with Parkinson’s disease and may be necessary to drive beneficial neuroplasticity resulting in symptomatic improvement and possible disease modification.
Eye movement abnormalities in essential tremor
Authors: Wójcik-Pędziwiatr Magdalena , Plinta Klaudia , Krzak-Kubica Agnieszka , Zajdel Katarzyna , Falkiewicz Marcel , Dylak Jacek , Ober Jan , Szczudlik Andrzej , Rudzińska Monika 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEssential tremor (ET) is the most prevalent movement disorder, characterized mainly by an action tremor of the arms. Only a few studies published as yet have assessed oculomotor abnormalities in ET and their results are unequivocal. The aim of this study was to assess the oculomotor abnormalities in ET patients compared with the control group and to find the relationship between oculomotor abnormalities and clinical features of ET patients. We studied 50 ET patients and 42 matched by age and gender healthy controls. Saccadometer Advanced (Ober Consulting, Poland) was used to investigate reflexive, pace-induced and cued saccades and conventional electrooculography for evaluation of smooth pursuit and fixation. The severity of the tremor was assessed by the Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor. Significant differences between ET patients and controls were found for the incidence of reflexive saccades dysmetria and deficit of smooth pursuit. Reflexive saccades dysmetria was more frequent in patients in the second and third phase of ET compared to the first phase. The reflexive saccades latency increase was correlated with severity of the tremor. In conclusion, oculomotor abnormalities were significantly more common in ET patients than in healthy subjects. The most common oculomotor disturbances in ET were reflexive saccades dysmetria and slowing of smooth pursuit. The frequency of reflexive saccades dysmetria increased with progression of ET. The reflexive saccades latency increase was related to the severity of tremor.
A systematic review of the main factors that determine agility in sport using structural equation modeling
Authors: Hojka Vladimir , Stastny Petr , Rehak Tomas , Gołas Artur , Mostowik Aleksandra , Zawart Marek , Musálek Martin 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
While tests of basic motor abilities such as speed, maximum strength or endurance are well recognized, testing of complex motor functions such as agility remains unresolved in current literature. Therefore, the aim of this review was to evaluate which main factor or factor structures quantitatively determine agility. In methodological detail, this review focused on research that explained or described the relationships between latent variables in a factorial model of agility using approaches such as principal component analysis, factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Four research studies met the defined inclusion criteria. No quantitative empirical research was found that tried to verify the quality of the whole suggested model of the main factors determining agility through the use of a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach or a confirmatory factor analysis. From the whole structure of agility, only change of direction speed (CODS) and some of its subtests were appropriately analyzed. The combination of common CODS tests is reliable and useful to estimate performance in sub-elite athletes; however, for elite athletes, CODS tests must be specific to the needs of a particular sport discipline. Sprinting and jumping tests are stronger factors for CODS than explosive strength and maximum strength tests. The authors suggest the need to verify the agility factorial model by a second generation data analysis technique such as SEM.
Accelerometer profile of motion of the pelvic girdle in breaststroke swimming
Authors: Staniak Zbigniew , Buśko Krzysztof , Górski Michał , Pastuszak Anna 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The aim of the study was to develop a method for measurement and analysis of kinematics of the pelvic girdle movement in breaststroke swimming to support training of technical skills. The measurements were performed in five elite breaststroke swimmers. A recording device for triaxial accelerations and triaxial rotational angular velocity was mounted on the dorsal part of the pelvic girdle of the athlete. The task of the athlete was to swim one length of the 50 m swimming pool with the intensity similar to competition. From the consecutive cycles of swimming motion, we developed individual mean graphical and numerical profiles of the kinematics of the pelvic girdle movement within the average cycle. Mean basic values of the characteristics were compared with the values documented in the literature obtained by means of the video analysis or using the method of measurement of the velocity of the unwound rope. The comparison revealed that the results in the group studied were very similar to the results obtained using other methods and were typical of elite athletes. Analysis of the motion profiles for the pelvic girdle in breaststroke swimmers indicated that the results obtained reflected individual technique of performing individual phases of swimming cycles. The proposed measurement method, presentation and analysis of the profile of the pelvic girdle motion in breaststroke swimming represents a good tool for fast and effective biomechanical evaluation of motion technique components.
Effect of drop jump technique on the reactive strength index
Authors: Struzik Artur , Juras Grzegorz , Pietraszewski Bogdan , Rokita Andrzej 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The basic drill of plyometric training aimed at improving lower limb power and jump height is a drop jump. This exercise can be performed using different techniques, which substantially affects jump variables. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the values of the reactive strength index (RSI) for countermovement drop jumps (CDJs) and bounce drop jumps (BDJs). The study was carried out in a group of 8 male youth basketball players. The tests were conducted using the AMTI BP600900 force plate to measure ground reaction forces and the Noraxon MyoMotion system to record kinematic data. Each player performed two CDJs and two BDJs from the height of 15, 30, 45 and 60 cm. The RSI was calculated as a ratio of jump height and contact time. Moreover, the RSI was determined for the amortization and take-off phases separately. Significant differences (p < 0.05) between RSI values for CDJs and BDJs were recorded for jumps from 30, 45 and 60 cm. Differences in RSI values for jumps from 15 cm were not significant. Furthermore, CDJ height values were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the values recorded for BDJs. Times of contact, amortization and take-off during BDJs were significantly shorter (p < 0.05) than the respective values obtained for CDJs. Therefore, the use of the RSI to monitor plyometric training should be based on the drop jump technique that is commonly performed by basketball players.
More like him, me, or us: the impact of trait similarity on adolescent women’s sexual risk behaviors in relationships
Authors: Woods Jennifer L. , Hensel Devon J. , Fortenberry J. Dennis 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Ideal partner traits and how they relate to a young woman’s current partner and relationship is a knowledge gap in the literature. The objectives of this study were 1) to assess any differences in interpersonal characteristics between a young woman or her partner and relationship and 2) to examine the impact of this difference on sexual monogamy, condom use and frequency of vaginal sex. Study participants (n=387, 14–17 years at enrollment, 90% African American) were recruited from three primary care adolescent health clinics serving areas with high rates of unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infection (STI); data were drawn from a longitudinal cohort study of sexual relationships and behaviors among young women. Nineteen interpersonal characteristics, including physical, financial, communication and personal characteristic variables, were found to have varying influences on relationships and sexual behaviors with ‘like him’ and ‘like us’ as referents. Monogamy increased as a male partner wanted to get somewhere in life [OR 5.41, (1.25, 23.52, p<0.05)], was intelligent [OR 3.42, (1.09, 10.76, p<0.05)] and had money [OR 1.55, (0.272, 0.595, p<0.001)] in a partnership; monogamy similarly increased when a partner wanted to get somewhere in life [OR 6.77, (1.51, 30.36, p<0.01)], was intelligent [OR 4.02, (1.23, 13.23, p<0.05)], and had money [OR 2.41, (1.51, 3.84, p<0.001)] compared to the young woman. The likelihood of using a condom at last sex increased when the male partner had a nice body [OR 1.42, (1.02, 1.99, p<0.05)], was popular [OR 1.60, (1.12, 2.29, p<0.01)], cared for others [OR 3.43, (1.32, 8.98, p<0.01)], was good at sports [OR 1.35, (1.06, 1.73, p<0.05)] and expressed his feelings [OR 2.03, (1.14, 3.60, p<0.01)]. The condom use ratio increased when the male partner was able to take care of himself [OR 0.076, (0.017, 0.136, p<0.01)], was cute [OR 0.190, (0.082, 0.30, p<0.001)], and had a nice body [OR 0.044, (0.001, 0.09, p<0.05)] in a dyad; the condom use ratio also increased when a male partner could take care of himself [OR 0.091, (0.014, 0.168, p<0.05)], was cute [OR 0.194, (0.077, 0.311, p<0.001)] compared to the young woman. Coital frequency increased when the male partner was described as being able to take care of himself [OR 3.33, (0.138, 6.52, p<0.05)]. Such influences are important in discussions with young women regarding personal and partner choices in sexual health as partners, behaviors and motivations for choice frequently change.
An Approach to Distributed Min-Max Model Predictive Control of Linear Systems with Parametric Uncertainty
Authors: Grancharova Alexandra , Olaru Sorin 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
In this paper, a suboptimal approach to distributed closed-loop min-max MPC for uncertain systems consisting of polytopic subsystems with coupled dynamics subject to both state and input constraints is proposed. The approach applies the dynamic dual decomposition method and reformulates the original centralized min-max MPC problem into a distributed optimization problem. The suggested approach is illustrated on a simulation example of an uncertain system consisting of two interconnected polytopic subsystems.
Simulation Studies of Distributed Two-phase Locking in Distributed Database Management Systems
Authors: Vasileva Svetlana , Milev Aleksandar 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This paper considers algorithms simulating the implementation of distributed two-phase locking (2PL) protocols in distributed database systems and simulation results. It describes specifically the simulations of two-version 2PL and 2PL with integrated timestamp ordering mechanism. Integrated modelling algorithms for deadlock avoiding are suggested in the paper: twoversion architecture of database and timestamp ordering strategy “wait-die”. The results of the simulations of these two variants of the 2PL method at different scales of the networks for data transmission and at different intensities of inflow transactions are also presented. Modelling algorithms are developed by means of the system for simulation modelling GPSS World Personal Version.
Multiscale Spectral Methods for Data Indexing in a Radon Space
Authors: Petrov Miroslav 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This paper presents three methods for multiscale indexing of the content of projection data of computed tomography images in the CBIR-systems for medical database search. The feature spaces in the developed algorithms have been created by means of, respectively: Discrete Stationary Wavelet Transform (DSWT), Shearlet Transform (ST) and Repagulum Wavelet Transform (RWT). A comparative analysis and assessment of the proposed algorithms have been carried out based on experimental studies with computed tomography images.
Inverse problem for nonlinear backward space-fractional diffusion equation
Authors: Dinh Nguyen Duy Hai , Nguyen Huy Tuan , Le Dinh Long , Quoc Thong Le Gia 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
In this paper, a backward diffusion problem for a space-fractional diffusion equation (SFDE) with nonlinear source in a strip is investigated. This problem is obtained from the classical diffusion equation by replacing the second-order space derivative with a Riesz–Feller derivative of order

γ
∈

(
0
,
2
]

{\gamma\in(0,2]}

. We show that such a problem is severely ill-posed and further propose a new modified regularization method to solve it based on the solution given by the Fourier method. Convergence estimates are presented under a priori bound assumptions for the exact solution. Our method improves some results of a previous paper, including the earlier paper [28] and some other papers. A general case of nonlinear terms for this problem is also considered.
Identification and diversity of Fusarium species isolated from tomato fruits
Authors: Murad Nur Baiti Abd , Kusai Nor Azizah , Zainudin Nur Ain Izzati Mohd 
Published: September 2016

AbstractFruit rot of tomato is a serious disease caused byFusariumspecies. Sampling was conducted throughout Selangor, Malaysia and fungal species identification was conducted based on morphological and gene encoding translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1-α) sequence analysis. Five species ofFusariumwere discovered namelyF. oxysporum(includingF. oxysporumf. sp.lycopersici),F. solani, F. equiseti, F. proliferatumandF. verticillioides. Our results provide additional information regarding the diversity ofFusariumspecies associated with fruit rot disease of tomato.
Evaluation of Streptomyces spp. against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris for the management of chickpea wilt
Authors: Amini Jahanshir , Agapoor Zahra , Ashengroph Morahem 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn this study, about 112 isolates ofStreptomyceswere isolated from chickpea rhizospheric soils. Among the isolated strains, five showed strong inhibitory effects against chickpea Fusarium wilt caused byFusarium oxysporumf. sp.ciceris in vitrousing plate assay and selected for further studies. The selected strains were identified asStreptomycesspp. based on morphological and biochemical characterization as well as 16S rDNA sequences analysis. Our results assigned them to strains related to genus ofStreptomyces.In vitro, antagonistic effects ofStreptomycesstrains against the disease were evaluated through the dual-culture method, volatile and non-volatile metabolites, siderophore, protease and chitinase production. All bacterial strains inhibited mycelial growth of the pathogen ranging from 26 to 44.2% in dual culture assay. The non-volatile extract of five of theStreptomycesstrains inhibited more than 50% growth of the pathogen, whereas volatile compounds were less effective on mycelial growth inhibition (20.2 to 33.4%). The ability of the biocontrol agents to produce siderophore and protease were varied, whereas, production of chitinase was detected for all strains. Results of the greenhouse assay indicated that all biocontrol agents reduced disease severity (ranging from 38.7 to 54.8%). Accordingly, strain KS62 showed higher control efficacy (54.8%). In addition, the biomass of chickpea plants (plant height and dry weight) significantly increased in plants treated withStreptomycesstrains compared to non-bacterized control. The results of this study showed that it may be possible to manage chickpea Fusarium wilt disease effectively by usingStreptomycesspecies, as biocontrol agents. Therefore, evaluating their efficiency under field conditions is needed.
Structural properties of hypothetical CeBa2Cu3O7 compound from LSDA+DMFT calculations
Authors: Łuszczek Maciej 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe hypothetical stoichiometric CeBa2Cu3O7 (Ce123) compound, which has not been synthesized as a single phase yet, was studied by the density functional theory (DFT). We utilized a method which merges the local spin density approximation (LSDA) with the dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) to account for the electronic correlations. The LSDA+DMFT calculations were performed in the high-temperature range. The particular emphasis was put on the pressure-induced changes in the electronic band structure related to strongly correlated 4f states. The computational results indicate the occurrence of a large negative volumetric thermal expansion coefficient near T = 500 K and a trace of a low-volume isostructural metastable state at high temperatures.
Crystal structure of poly-[triaqua-(μ3-3,4,5,6-tetrafluoro-1,2-phthalato-κ4
O:O′:O′′,O′′′) (2,3,4,5-tetrafluoro-benzoato-κ2
O,O′) praseodymium(III)], C15H7F8O9Pr
Authors: Feng Xun , Li Rong Fang , Wang Yang , Tian Pan Hao 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
C15H7F8O9Pr, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 6.2167(3) Å, b = 9.7769(5) Å, c = 29.6562(15) Å, β = 93.2916(8)°, V = 1799.53 Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0317, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0729, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of 4-(4-((3-bromophenyl)amino)-6-(tert-butyl)-3-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)cinnolin-8-yl)-2-methylbut-3-yn-2-ol, C26H30BrN3O2
Authors: Yuan Yue-Hua , Yin Qiang-Feng , Tian Mao-Zhong , Feng Feng 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
C26H30BrN3O2, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 12.257(3) Å, b = 12.451(3) Å, c = 17.325(3) Å, α = 92.05(3)°, β = 107.04(3)°, γ = 93.96(3)°, V = 2517.5(10) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0722, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1929, T = 173(2) K.
Crystal structure poly-(μ2-1-(4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazolyl-κ2
N
N
1:N
2
N)-(μ3-2,2′-(1,2-phenylene)diacetato-κ5-O
1,O
2:O
2:O
3,O
4)cadmium(II), C22H19CdN5O4
Authors: Xin Ling-Yun , Li Xiao-Ling , Liu Guang-Zhen 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
C22H19CdN5O4, monoclinic, P21/c, a = 11.7546(16) Å, b = 19.769(3) Å, c = 9.5012(13) Å, β = 106.252(2)°, V = 2119.6(5) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0348, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0814, T = 296(2) K.
Understanding the Structural Complexity of Induced Travel Demand in Decision-Making: A System Dynamics Approach
Authors: Angarita-Zapata Juan S. , Parra-Valencia Jorge A. , Andrade-Sosa Hugo H. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Background and purpose: Induced travel demand (ITD) is a phenomenon where road construction increases vehicles’ kilometers traveled. It has been approached with econometric models that use elasticities as measure to estimate how much travel demand can be induced by new roads. However, there is a lack of “white-box” models with causal hypotheses that explain the structural complexity underlying this phenomenon. We propose a system dynamics model based on a feedback mechanism to explain structurally ITD.
Methodology: A system dynamics methodology was selected to model and simulate ITD. First, a causal loop diagram is proposed to describe the ITD structure in terms of feedback loops. Then a stock-flows diagram is formulated to allow computer simulation. Finally, simulations are run to show the quantitative temporal evolution of the model built.
Results: The simulation results show how new roads in the short term induce more kilometers traveled by vehicles already in use; meanwhile, in the medium-term, new traffic is generated. These new car drivers appear when better flow conditions coming from new roads increase attractiveness of car use. More cars added to vehicles already in use produce new traffic congestion, and high travel speeds provided by roads built are absorbed by ITD effects.
Conclusion: We concluded that approaching ITD with a systemic perspective allows for identifying leverage points that contribute to design comprehensive policies aimed to cope with ITD. In this sense, the model supports decision- making processes in urban contexts wherein it is still necessary for road construction to guarantee connectivity, such as the case of developing countries.