bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The regenerative role of adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSC) in plastic and reconstructive surgery
Authors: Naderi Naghmeh , Combellack Emman J , Griffin Michelle , Sedaghati Tina , Javed Muhammad , Findlay Michael W , Wallace Christopher G , Mosahebi Afshin , Butler Peter EM , Seifalian Alexander M , Whitaker Iain S 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe potential use of stem cell‐based therapies for the repair and regeneration of various tissues and organs offers a paradigm shift in plastic and reconstructive surgery. The use of either embryonic stem cells (ESC) or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) in clinical situations is limited because of regulations and ethical considerations even though these cells are theoretically highly beneficial. Adult mesenchymal stem cells appear to be an ideal stem cell population for practical regenerative medicine. Among these cells, adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSC) have the potential to differentiate the mesenchymal, ectodermal and endodermal lineages and are easy to harvest. Additionally, adipose tissue yields a high number ofADSCper volume of tissue. Based on this background knowledge, the purpose of this review is to summarise and describe the proliferation and differentiation capacities ofADSCtogether with current preclinical data regarding the use ofADSCas regenerative tools in plastic and reconstructive surgery.
Interfacial Reactions Between Anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8) and Al 7075 Alloy at 850°C and 1150°C
Authors: Adabifiroozjaei Esmaeil , Koshy Pramod , Rastkerdar Ebad , Sorrell Charles C. 
Published: February 2016

The present work reports an investigation of the interactions of Al 7075 alloy and anorthite at 850°C (150 h) and 1150°C (24 h). Transmission electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy‐dispersive spectroscopy were used to identify the mineralogical and microstructural changes at the metal–ceramic interface. At 850°C, the phase formation mechanisms were (a) Si4+–Al3+ interdiffusion between the Al alloy and anorthite to form calcium dialuminate (CA2) and Ca2+–Mg2+ interdiffusion between the Al alloy and calcium dialuminate to form spinel. At 1150°C, spinel + Al2O3 and calcium hexaluminate (CA6) + CA2 were the major and minor phase mixtures, respectively in the corroded area. A thin layer of calcium monoaluminate (CA), gehlenite, and Si was present in the immediate vicinity of anorthite. The early stages of corrosion at 1150°C and 850°C were identical. However, due to thickening of the corroded region (viz., spinel formation) and enhanced evaporation of Mg at the higher temperature, the interdiffusion path evolves from Si4+–Al3+ + Ca2+–Mg2+ to Si4+–Al3+ + Ca2+–Al3+, thus establishing the following phase evolution path at the interface:urn:x-wiley:00027820:media:jace14091:jace14091-math-0001
Joint inferences from cytoplasmic DNA and fossil data provide evidence for glacial vicariance and contrasted post‐glacial dynamics in tamarack, a transcontinental conifer
Authors: Warren Emile , de Lafontaine Guillaume , Gérardi Sébastien , Senneville Sauphie , Beaulieu Jean , Perron Martin , Jaramillo‐Correa Juan Pablo , Bousquet Jean 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimTamarack (Larix laricina) is an early‐successional transcontinental boreal conifer occurring within the spruce‐fir dominated forest. The aim was to infer the species biogeographical history and to assess the putative genetic imprint left by interspecific competition during post‐glacial migration, using cytoplasmic DNA and fossil data.LocationForty‐five locations were sampled across the transcontinental range spanning the North American boreal forest.MethodsA total of 621 trees were scanned for mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA polymorphisms to reveal geographical patterns of genetic diversity, differentiation, and population structure throughout the species range. Published pollen records were analysed to assess the chronology of post‐glacial colonization of Larix sp. relative to more competitive tree taxa, Picea sp. and Abies sp..ResultsGenotyping resulted in two mitotypes (one locus) and 24 chlorotypes (three cpSSR loci). Bayesian assignment test based on cpDNA data detected three groups: eastern North America, western North America and Alaska. CpDNA population differentiation was higher in the western part of the range relative to the eastern part. Post‐glacial colonization chronology derived from fossil data indicated that Larix colonized western North America at least 4000 years after Picea and Abies, but shortly preceded them in eastern North America.Main conclusionsCytoplasmic and fossil data provided support for four distinct glacial lineages. Two lineages would have persisted south of the Laurentide ice sheet, while the two remaining ones likely originate from northern refugia located in Beringia and Labrador. Larix establishment was possibly hindered by earlier establishment of more competitive taxa in western North America, which resulted in high genetic differentiation among western populations. These results provide support for a putative role of interspecific competition in structuring the standing genetic variation at the time of post‐glacial colonization.
Generalities of vertebrate responses to landscape composition and configuration gradients in a highly heterogeneous Mediterranean region
Authors: Herrera José M. , Salgueiro Pedro A. , Medinas Denis , Costa Pedro , Encarnação Cláudia , Mira António 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimTo examine the distributional patterns of vertebrates (including birds, bats, carnivores and lagomorphs) along landscape composition and configuration gradients to better understand the effects of landscape modification on occurrence patterns at both species and community level.LocationThe region of Alentejo, a forest‐dominated area of southern Portugal.MethodsThe study area was framed using 1647 hexagonal plots, each of 259 ha in size. Composition and configuration gradients were obtained for each plot by integrating the proportions of the main land cover types and their configuration patterns using multivariate analyses. Species‐specific vertebrate responses were investigated using data from 75 plots in which carnivores, bats and lagomorphs were sampled, and from 135 plots in the case of birds. Community‐level responses were investigated through changes in species richness and beta‐diversity in 57 plots where all vertebrate groups were simultaneously sampled. At the species‐level, an information‐theoretic approach was used to determine the effects of landscape gradients on species’ responses. At the community level, Mantel tests were used to determine between‐plot differences in species composition using the Sørensen dissimilarity index.ResultsWe found that the occurrence patterns of most vertebrate species were best predicted by composition‐related gradients, although configuration gradients were also frequently included in species‐specific occurrence models. We also found a weak correlation between species richness and most landscape gradients suggesting a turnover in the identity of species, something that was corroborated by the stronger correlation between environmental gradients and beta‐diversity measures. The amount of forest cover and landscape complexity (estimated as the heterogeneity in the size and number of land cover types) were the main composition and configuration gradients determining vertebrate responses at both species and community level.Main conclusionsOur work contributes to a more refined understanding of the mechanisms underlying species distributional patterns in real‐world human‐modified landscapes. By uncovering generalities of species with multiple ecological requirements and by describing the entire landscape mosaic through landscape gradients, we also suggest that our work greatly helps to fill the gap between existing conceptual landscape models aimed to understand species distributional patterns in human‐modified landscapes.
Life history and geographical distribution of the walnut twig beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis (Coleoptera: Scolytinae), in southern Europe
Authors: Faccoli M. , Simonato M. , Rassati D. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn September 2013, the walnut twig beetle (WTB) Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman, a species native to Mexico and south‐western USA, was recorded for the first time in Europe, in northern Italy. The collected adults were found to be vector of the fungus Geosmithia morbida Kolařik, Freeland, Utley & Tisserat, an aggressive pathogen causing thousand cankers disease in walnut (Juglans spp.). To determine the geographical distribution of the WTB and the main aspects of biology, phenology and voltinism, an intensive survey of the main walnut plantations near the site of the first finding was conducted in 2014. The beetles began to fly with a mean air temperature of about 18°C (mid‐May) and continued until late October. Two partially overlapping generations occurred, with the second taking place in late September. The WTB was found in 14 of the 27 monitored walnut plantations. The infested sites were spread over four different non‐contiguous administrative provinces belonging to two regions (Veneto and Lombardy) of northern Italy. The most distant infested plantations were about 130 km apart along a west–east gradient, and about 70 km along a north–south gradient. In this respect, the distribution area of the WTB in northern Italy may be prudently estimated at about 4200 km2. Molecular analysis of the collected individuals showed no genetic differences among the six sampled P. juglandis populations, suggesting that a few individuals might have arrived in Italy through a single introduction event and then spread over the territory. Given the quick mortality of infested walnuts and the wide distribution area, eradication strategies appear unrealistic. Possible strategies of biological control or local chemical treatments must be investigated.
Contagion of Anxiety Symptoms Among Adolescent Siblings: A Twin Study
Authors: Serra Poirier Catherine , Brendgen Mara , Vitaro Frank , Dionne Ginette , Boivin Michel 
Published: February 2016

This study examined whether social contagion of anxiety symptoms is present between siblings during early adolescence and whether this process is moderated by sex, relationship quality, and zygosity. Based on 634 monozygotic and dizygotic twins (336 females) assessed in Grades 6 and 7, anxiety symptoms and sibling relationship quality were measured with self‐report questionnaires. The predictive association of the co‐twin's level of anxiety with adolescents' own increased anxiety 1 year later was only observed in same‐sex twin dyads (monozygotic and dizygotic) and was higher for those who perceived a higher level of relationship quality with their co‐twin. Raising awareness of a possible sibling contagion of anxiety may be useful for preventing the development of anxiety symptoms in youth.
Context of First Same‐Sex Condom Use and Nonuse in Young Black Gay and Bisexual Males
Authors: Arrington‐Sanders Renata , Morgan Anthony , Oidtman Jessica , Gomez Miguel C. , Ogunbajo Adedotun , Trent Maria , Fortenberry J. Dennis 
Published: February 2016

Despite high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) rates among young Black men who have sex with men (YBMSM), there are limited data about condom use during first same‐sex (FSS). This study sought to understand socio‐contextual factors of 50 YBMSM aged 15–19 years that influenced condom use during FSS. Condom use was influenced by individual, partner, and community factors. Individual factors—recent illness or sexually transmitted infections (STI)—prompted condom use, while frequent HIV testing prompted nonuse. Partner factors—proactive encouragement from partners—prompted condom use, while trust and condom discomfort prompted nonuse. Larger community factors—such as presence of females—were key for use, while limited sexual health information combined with peers who discouraged condoms prompted nonuse. A multilevel approach may be useful in developing sexual health programming for these young men.
Novel microspheres based on triterpene saponins from the roots of Physospermum verticillatum (Waldst & Kit) (Apiaceae) for the improvement of gemcitabine release
Authors: Trombino Sonia , Cassano Roberta , Mellace Silvia , Picci Nevio , Loizzo Monica R , Menichini Francesco , Tundis Rosa 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Objectives
This study concerns the preparation and characterization of microspheres based on a mixture of triterpene saponins, from Physospermum verticillatum (Waldst & Kit), as a carrier for the specific release of gemcitabine.

Methods
Triterpene saponins were derivatized with acrylic acid. The obtained polymerizable product was characterized by Fourier transform infrared to confirm the ester linkage. Then, spherical microparticles were prepared by suspension radical copolymerization and impregnated with gemcitabine.

Key findings
Microspheres exhibited a mean diameter of 2.7 μ. The swelling studies showed that particles swell most at pH 6.2, typical of the tumour pathology, than at pH 7.4, miming physiological conditions. The microspheres were loaded with gemcitabine (LE 72.2%). Their release profile showed an initial dot of around 24% and a further release for 24 h.

Conclusions
This carrier could be potentially release the drug in the lung, as a function of different pHs between tumour cells and healthy, reducing the systemic drug toxicity, allowing the reduction of the doses number, increasing the drug half-life and eliminating the problems related to the fast clearance of gemcitabine administration.
Treprostinil Iontophoresis Improves Digital Blood Flow during Local Cooling in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Gaillard‐Bigot Florence , Roustit Matthieu , Blaise Sophie , Cracowski Claire , Seinturier Christophe , Imbert Bernard , Carpentier Patrick , Cracowski Jean‐Luc 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIntroductionSevere Raynaud's syndrome and DUs are the most prevalent manifestations of SSc peripheral microvascular disease. We tested whether treprostinil iontophoresis on the finger pad of patients with SSc would improve digital blood flow during hand cooling.MethodsEleven patients with limited cutaneous SSc underwent a double‐blinded iontophoresis of treprostinil (2.56 × 10−4 M during two hours) and placebo (NaCl 0.9%) on two finger pads. Then, the hand was inserted for 30 minutes in a fenestrated cooling box at 8°C, and skin blood flow was recorded continuously using LSCI.ResultsDuring the local cooling, CVC was significantly higher at the treprostinil site than at the placebo site and remained higher 30 minutes after the test.ConclusionsIn patients with SSc, digital treprostinil iontophoresis shifts skin blood flow upward during local cooling of the hand and during the initial rewarming phase. Digital treprostinil iontophoresis should now be tested in larger scale studies.
Correlation of frontal atrophy with behavioral changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Terada Tatsuhiro , Obi Tomokazu , Miyata Jun , Kubota Manabu , Yoshizumi Miho , Murai Toshiya , Yamazaki Kinya , Mizoguchi Kouichi 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies have linked cognitive impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis to frontotemporal pathology.AimWe examined possible associations between behavior changes and regional gray matter volume in early amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and assessed whether the volume changes were independent of physical impairments.MethodsA total of 17 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with Mini‐Mental State Examination score ≥ 24, no need for assistance in daily life and normal respiratory tests (respiratory function test and arterial blood gas analytes), and 11 age‐matched controls underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging. Behavioral changes were assessed with family‐rating Frontal Systems Behavior Scale. We applied voxel‐based morphometry to investigate the correlation between the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale and gray matter volume, and assessed the correlation of volume with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Functional Rating Scale and respiratory tests.ResultsCurrent Frontal Systems Behavior Scale scores were significantly higher than retrospective scores assessing the status before onset, most notably in apathy. The volumes of right middle and left medial frontal gyri in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis were negatively correlated with the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale, whereas they were not correlated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Functional Rating Scale and respiratory tests. The volume of the right frontal cluster, but not the left medial frontal cluster, was significantly smaller than that of controls.ConclusionsRegional atrophy within the frontal lobe was associated with behavioral dysfunction in early amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, this association was independent of physical factors.
SLAH3‐type anion channel expressed in poplar secretory epithelia operates in calcium kinase CPK‐autonomous manner
Authors: Jaborsky Mario , Maierhofer Tobias , Olbrich Andrea , Escalante‐Pérez María , Müller Heike M. , Simon Judy , Krol Elzbieta , Cuin Tracey Ann , Fromm Jörg , Ache Peter , Geiger Dietmar , Hedrich Rainer 
Published: February 2016

Summary

Extrafloral nectaries secrete a sweet sugar cocktail that lures predator insects for protection from foraging herbivores. Apart from sugars and amino acids, the nectar contains the anions chloride and nitrate. Recent studies with Populus have identified a type of nectary covered by apical bipolar epidermal cells, reminiscent of the secretory brush border epithelium in animals. Border epithelia operate transepithelial anion transport, which is required for membrane potential and/or osmotic adjustment of the secretory cells.

In search of anion transporters expressed in extrafloral nectaries, we identified PttSLAH3 (Populus tremula × Populus tremuloides SLAC1 Homologue3), an anion channel of the SLAC/SLAH family.

When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, PttSLAH3 displayed the features of a voltage‐dependent anion channel, permeable to both nitrate and chloride. In contrast to the Arabidopsis SLAC/SLAH family members, the poplar isoform PttSLAH3 is independent of phosphorylation activation by protein kinases. To understand the basis for the autonomous activity of the poplar SLAH3, we generated and expressed chimera between kinase‐independent PttSLAH3 and kinase‐dependent Arabidopsis AtSLAH3. We identified the N‐terminal tail and, to a lesser extent, the C‐terminal tail as responsible for PttSLAH3 kinase‐(in)dependent action.

This feature of PttSLAH3 may provide the secretory cell with a channel probably controlling long‐term nectar secretion.
VIOLENCE AND THE COSTS OF HONESTY: RETHINKING BUREAUCRATS' CHOICES TO TAKE BRIBES
Authors: SUNDSTRÖM AKSEL 
Published: February 2016

AbstractExplanations of bureaucrats' decisions to take bribes include accounts of incentives as well as expectations. However, there are further considerations in violent contexts, where refusal of bribes may have dire consequences. Yet, insight into this topic is limited. This article investigates how violence upholds bribery, through interviews with South African officials who enforce regulations in communities where gangs operate. The investigation shows that when citizens offer bribes to enable rule violations, this is a process of both temptation and threats: officials who refuse bribes face intimidation by both citizens and colluding colleagues. This illustrates how violence may function as a mechanism to enforce corrupt contracts between bureaucrats and criminal citizens. Through reducing costs in such settings, bribe‐taking is partly a strategy of social protection. This has implications for policy and suggests that, besides incentives and expectations, administrative reforms may benefit from ‘fixing the security’ of bureaucrats in violent contexts.
Exploring genetic diversity for heat tolerance among lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) genotypes of variant habitats by simple sequence repeat markers
Authors: Singh Dharmendra , Singh Chandan K. , Tomar Ram Sevak S. , Chaturvedi Ashish K. , Shah Divya , Kumar Arun , Pal Madan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe study was carried out to assess genetic diversity among 119 lentil genotypes grown in different habitats for heat tolerance using morpho‐physiological and reproductive traits and SSR markers. High‐temperature stress was applied at seedling (35/33°C) and anthesis stages (35/20°C) to study the effects on morpho‐physiological and reproductive traits under hydroponic condition, which was compared with non‐stressed and stressed field conditions. A set of 209 alleles were identified by 35 SSR markers among the genotypes. Genetic diversity and polymorphism information content values varied between 0.0494–0.859 and 0.0488–0.844, with mean values of 0.606 and 0.563, respectively. Genotypes were clustered into nine groups based on SSR markers. Morpho‐physiological and reproductive traits under heat stress were found to be significantly different among SSR clusters. These findings suggest that heat adaptation is variable among the genotypes and the tolerant materials can be evolved through hybridization using parents from different clusters with diverse mechanisms of heat tolerance.
Mapping and candidate gene analysis for a new top spikelet abortion mutant in rice
Authors: Jiang Shukun , Wang Jiayu , Liu Dan , Chen Lili , Zhang Xijuan , Xu Fan , Sun Shichen , Jiang Hui , Ding Guohua , Wang Tongtong , Bai Liangming , Zhang Fengming , Xu Zhengjin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractGrain numbers is one of the determinations for rice yield and directly associated with spikelet numbers per panicle and its normal development. Lots of genes responsible for spikelet numbers and spikelet early development have been identified, but the molecular information about the spikelet development at later development is still limited. Here, we isolated a rice spikelet abnormal development mutant, which shows degenerated spikelet at the top panicle and named aborted top spikelet mutant 1(Ats1). The spikelets derived from the middle and bottom branches per panicle of Ats1 show normal development with those of wild type. However, a large number of branches and spikelets with arrested development were often observed only on apex panicle. The abnormality did not appear until the stage In8 when rachises elongate rapidly and reproductive organs get mature, based on observations through SEM analysis. The aborted spikelet could develop the complete floral organs with a pair of rudimentary glume, a pair of empty glume, two lodicule, six stamens and one carpel. But all these floral organs did not develop maturity. Genetic analysis on two F2 populations indicated that the Ats1 was controlled by a single dominant gene. By using bulked segregant analysis of F2 population developed from Ats1 crossing with Songjing6, ATS1 was mapped on chromosome 8 between RM3819 and RM5556. Then, the fine mapping was performed with 1078 F2 population developed from Ats1 and IR36. The ATS1 locus was finely mapped in an 85.7 kb region between RM22448 and STS8‐2 with 8 genes according to the rice annotation project database. Sequence analysis of the candidate genes within the delimited region of the Ats1 and Akihikari showed two‐nucleotide changes, including single‐nucleotide substitutions corresponding to an amino acid substitution from asparagine to lysine acid in exons 3 and a 1‐bp deletion resulting in a premature stop codon in exon 22 at the candidate gene, LOC_Os08g06480. A cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker, CAPS‐ats1, was developed from the 1‐bp deletion site. The complete cosegregation of the CAPS genotypes with the matching phenotypes were observed in the F2 populations. This suggested that Os08g06480 is most likely the ATS1 gene. These results will provide more information for better understanding of the molecular mechanism governing top spikelet abortion within a short developmental period.