bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Etched Track Techniques in Radiation Dosimetry
Authors: Tommasino (INVITED) L. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Conventional detectors used in radiation protection dosimetry (for a given amount of energy deposited in their macroscopic volumes) are most sensitive to sparse radiations (electrons, X or gamma) than to fast neutrons or high LET particles, i.e. those particles characterised by high biological effectiveness. By contrast, damage track detectors are completely insensitive to sparse radiations and can be very sensitive to high LET particles (typically alpha particles and neutron induced recoils). To facilitate the applications of these new detecting methods in radiation protection dosimetry, techniques have been developed which exploit the high energy deposition in the vicinity of the track to initiate amplification or avalanche type processes, which can be easily detected. The discovery that CR-39 plastic is sensitive to protons with a wide range of energy shows promise for the solution of the complex problem of personal neutron dosimetry.
Measurement by Room Temperature Phosphorescence of Polynuclear Aromatic Containing Hydrocarbon Fuels that Permeate Glove Materials
Authors: Gammage R.B. , Vo-Dinh T. , White D.A. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Permeations of commonly used glove materials by polynuclear aromatic (PNA) compounds in hydrocarbon fuels were measured with solid state dosemeters composed of filter paper. The permeated PNA were sorbed by the filter paper and analysed in situ using room temperature phosphorescence spectroscopy. This technique provided a simple, cost effective, and very sensitive means for measuring breakthrough times and permeation rates of the class of potentially carcinogenic PNA in liquid fuels derived from crude petroleum, oil shale, and coal.
Gold and Platinum Doped Radiation Resistant Silicon Diode Detectors
Authors: Dixon R.L. , Ekstrand K.E. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Silicon diode detectors are subject to radiation damage in high energy electron and photon beams, which reduces their sensitivity. This is due to the reduction in minority carrier lifetime and thence diffusion length by the introduction of recombination centres (primarily the divacancy centre in n-type silicon which introduces an acceptor level at Ec-0.41 eV). Gold or platinum doping has the effect of reducing minority carrier lifetime by introducing recombination centres, such that the additional reduction due to radiation-induced centres is small. Groups of undoped, Au-doped, and Pt-doped diodes made from n-base silicon were irradiated with 15 MeV electrons. After a dose of 2000 Gy, the undoped diodes exhibited a sensitivity equal to 60% of the original, whereas the Au and Pt doped diodes retained 92% of their original sensitivity. The Pt-doped diodes appear to be the most useful for dosimetry due to lower leakage current.
Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of some new hydrazo, dihydropyridazinyl and triazolyl derivatives containing indole nucleus
Authors: Fadda Ahmed , Kandeel Ezz Eldeen , El-Gendy Eman 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
The aim of this paper is synthesis of some new hydrazo, dihydropyridazinyl and triazolyl derivatives containing indole nucleus and their antimicrobial evaluation.

Design/methodology/approach
Treatment of 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-3-oxopropanenitrile (1) with different aryl diazonium salts 2a-j gave the corresponding arylazohydrazone derivatives 3a-j. The azo derivatives 3d and 3e were used as the key intermediate for the synthesis of some new diazines 5d, e and triazoles 7d, e. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by electronic absorption properties – IR, 1HNMR and MS studies – and screened for their biological evaluation. Compounds 3a-j, 5d, e and 7d, e showed promising results as antimicrobial agents.

Findings
Compounds 3a-j, 5d, e and 7d, e showed promising results as antimicrobial agents.

Originality/value
No details regarding the synthesis of such dyes are reported before in the literature.
Hierarchical, Three‐Dimensional Measurement System for Crime Scene Scanning
Authors: Marcin Adamczyk , Maciej Sieniło , Robert Sitnik , Adam Woźniak 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe present a new generation of three‐dimensional (3D) measuring systems, developed for the process of crime scene documentation. This measuring system facilitates the preparation of more insightful, complete, and objective documentation for crime scenes. Our system reflects the actual requirements for hierarchical documentation, and it consists of three independent 3D scanners: a laser scanner for overall measurements, a situational structured light scanner for more minute measurements, and a detailed structured light scanner for the most detailed parts of tscene. Each scanner has its own spatial resolution, of 2.0, 0.3, and 0.05 mm, respectively. The results of interviews we have conducted with technicians indicate that our developed 3D measuring system has significant potential to become a useful tool for forensic technicians. To ensure the maximum compatibility of our measuring system with the standards that regulate the documentation process, we have also performed a metrological validation and designated the maximum permissible length measurement error EMPE for each structured light scanner. In this study, we present additional results regarding documentation processes conducted during crime scene inspections and a training session.
Stock Versus CAD/CAM Customized Zirconia Implant Abutments – Clinical and Patient‐Based Outcomes in a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Schepke Ulf , Meijer Henny J.A. , Kerdijk Wouter , Raghoebar Gerry M. , Cune Marco 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundSingle‐tooth replacement often requires a prefabricated dental implant and a customized crown. The benefits of individualization of the abutment remain unclear.PurposeThis randomized controlled clinical trial aims to study potential benefits of individualization of zirconia implant abutments with respect to preservation of marginal bone level and several clinical and patient‐based outcome measures.Material and MethodsFifty participants with a missing premolar were included and randomly assigned to standard (ZirDesign, DentsplySirona Implants, Mölndal, Sweden) or computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) customized (Atlantis, DentsplySirona Implants, Mölndal, Sweden) zirconia abutment therapy. Peri‐implant bone level (primary outcome), Plaque‐index, calculus formation, bleeding on probing, gingiva index, probing pocket depth, recession, appearance of soft tissues and patients' contentment were assessed shortly after placement and one year later.ResultsNo implants were lost and no complications related to the abutments were observed. Statistically significant differences between stock and CAD/CAM customized zirconia abutments could not be demonstrated for any of the operationalized variables.ConclusionThe use of a CAD/CAM customized zirconia abutment in single tooth replacement of a premolar is not associated with an improvement in clinical performance or patients' contentment when compared to the use of a stock zirconia abutment.
Persistent bill and corolla matching despite shifting temporal resources in tropical hummingbird‐plant interactions
Authors: Weinstein Ben G. , Graham Catherine H. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBy specialising on specific resources, species evolve advantageous morphologies to increase the efficiency of nutrient acquisition. However, many specialists face variation in resource availability and composition. Whether specialists respond to these changes depends on the composition of the resource pulses, the cost of foraging on poorly matched resources, and the strength of interspecific competition. We studied hummingbird bill and plant corolla matching during seasonal variation in flower availability and morphology. Using a hierarchical Bayesian model, we accounted for the detectability and spatial overlap of hummingbird‐plant interactions. We found that despite seasonal pulses of flowers with short‐corollas, hummingbirds consistently foraged on well‐matched flowers, leading to low niche overlap. This behaviour suggests that the costs of searching for rare and more specialised resources are lower than the benefit of switching to super‐abundant resources. Our results highlight the trade‐off between foraging efficiency and interspecific competition, and underline niche partitioning in maintaining tropical diversity.
On the origin of the blue/green color of blast‐furnace slag‐based materials: Sulfur K‐edge XANES investigation
Authors: Chaouche Mohend , Gao Xiao Xiao , Cyr Martin , Cotte Marine , Frouin Laurent 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSlag‐based materials including mortars, concretes, Ca‐geopolymers, etc., are known to display a fascinating blue/green color upon hydration. This specific color is of particular concern in applications where visual esthetics are important. Yet only limited studies have been devoted to this phenomenon so far and its origin remains unexplained. It has sometimes been attributed, without any experimental evidence, to the presence of polysulfur species in the slag. To address the origin of this coloration, sulfur K‐edge X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy was used to investigate the evolution of the speciation of sulfur during slag hydration. Three methods of slag activation were considered: thermal, portland cement, and sodium silicate. The impact of the activation method on the sulfur K‐edge XANES spectrum was examined first. Then, a comparison was made between the XANES of blue and white samples or zones with or without the blue color within the same sample. Independently of the activation route, the blue color was found to be unambiguously related to the presence of a prepeak in the corresponding XANES spectrum. This feature was absent for white samples or white zones. The prepeak, which was located at lower energy than the peak corresponding to the most common reduced sulfur species, was attributed to the presence of the trisulfur radical anion S3−. This blue chromophore is known to be at the origin of the deep blue color of the stone lapis lazuli or the ultramarine pigment (derived from lazurite).
Acupressure, Sleep, and Quality of Life in Institutionalized Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lai Fu‐Chih , Chen I‐Hui , Chen Pao‐Ju , Chen I‐Ju , Chien Hui‐Wen , Yuan Chih‐Fen 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivesNursing home (NH) residents suffer from sleep disturbances which are associated with a low quality of life (QoL). The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of comparing acupressure on specific acupoints with acupressure on non‐specific acupoints in older NH residents with sleep disturbances.DesignA randomized control trial with a pre‐ and post‐test design.SettingOne NH in Taiwan.ParticipantsSixty‐two older NH residents were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 31) and a sham‐controlled group (n = 31).InterventionThe experimental group received acupressure on the Tian‐Zhu, Ju‐Que, Yong‐Quan, Bai‐Hui, and Nei‐Guan acupoints three times a week for 8 weeks, for 24 minutes each time, while the control group received a massage at locations with no acupoints, which were 10 mm from the true points, at the same frequency as the experimental group.MeasurementsThe primary outcome was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the secondary outcome was measured using the Short‐form 36 (SF‐36). Data were collected at baseline, the end of treatment, and 4 weeks after completion of treatment.ResultsCompared to the control group, the experimental group had significantly better scores on the PSQI (t = −7.72, P < 0.001) and SF‐36 (t = 1.34, P < 0.001) during the intervention period. The improvements in the PSQI and SF‐36 scores were still significant (P < 0.001) after adjusting for confounding variables by generalized estimating equations.ConclusionsResults suggest that acupressure on the Tian‐Zhu, Ju‐Que, Yong‐Quan, Bai‐Hui, and Nei‐Guan acupoints can improve the quality of sleep and life among NH residents. Acupressure is a promising intervention that may improve well‐being for NH residents with sleep disturbances.
The Future of Policing Reform: The Way Forward?
Authors: Robinson Laurie O. , Ramsey Charles H. 
Published: February 2017

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Tongxinluo exerts protective effects via anti‐apoptotic and pro‐autophagic mechanisms by activating AMPK pathway in infarcted rat hearts
Authors: Li Qing , Li Na , Cui He‐He , Tian Xia‐Qiu , Jin Chen , Chen Gui‐Hao , Yang Yue‐Jin 
Published: February 2017

New FindingsWhat is the central question of this study?In a rat model of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), we investigated the effect of Tongxinluo (TXL) treatment. Does TXL activate autophagy and attenuate apoptosis of cardiomyocytes through the AMPK pathway to facilitate survival of cardiomyocytes and improve cardiac function?What is the main finding and its importance?Major findings are as follows: (i) TXL treatment preserved cardiac function and reduced ventricular remodelling, infarct size and inflammation in rat hearts after AMI; (ii) TXL treatment dramatically increased autophagy and inhibited apoptosis in myocardium; and (iii) the AMPK signalling pathway played a crucial role in mediating the beneficial effects of TXL.Tongxinluo (TXL) has been demonstrated to have a protective role during ischaemia–reperfusion after acute myocardial infarction, but the long‐term effects and underlying mechanisms are still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether TXL could have an effect on apoptosis or autophagy of cardiomyocytes through the AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. Male Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 75) were randomly divided to sham, control, TXL (4 mg kg−1 day−1orally), compound C (i.p. injection of 10 mg kg−1 day−1) and TXL + compound C groups. The extent of fibrosis, infarct size and angiogenesis were determined by pathological and histological studies. Four weeks after acute myocardial infarction, TXL treatment significantly increased ejection fraction, promoted angiogenesis in the peri‐infarct region and substantially decreased fibrosis and the size of the infarcted area (P < 0.05). Treatment with TXL also increased AMPK/mTOR phosphorylation, upregulated expression of the autophagic protein LC3 and downregulated expression of the apoptotic protein Bax in the infarcted myocardium (P < 0.05). Addition of the AMPK inhibitor, compound C, counteracted these beneficial effects significantly (P < 0.05). The cardioprotective benefits of TXL against myocardial infarction are related to the inhibition of apoptosis and promotion of autophagy in rat hearts after acute myocardial infarction. This effect may occur through the AMPK signalling pathway.
A systematic review of modifiable risk factors in the progression of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Hempel Susanne , Graham Glenn D , Fu Ning , Estrada Elena , Chen Annie Y , Miake-Lye Isomi , Miles Jeremy N V , Shanman Roberta , Shekelle Paul G , Beroes Jessica M , Wallin Mitchell T 
Published: February 2017

Background: The presenting symptoms and rate of progression of multiple sclerosis (MS) are very heterogeneous. The diverse clinical manifestations and the clinical course of the disease may vary with modifiable risk factors. Objective: To systematically review modifiable risk factors and exposures associated with MS progression. Methods: We searched six databases till March 2015, reference-mined reviews, and consulted with experts (PROSPERO 2015:CRD42015016461). Two reviewers screened and extracted data. We used random meta-analysis models and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) to assess the quality of evidence. Results: In total, 59 studies met inclusion criteria. Lower vitamin D levels were associated with higher Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores ( r = −0.22; confidence interval (CI) = −0.32, −0.12; 11 studies; I2 = 66%), smokers had an increased risk of MS progression (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.55; CI = 1.10, 2.19; I2 = 72%; seven studies), and there was no association of MS progression with the use of epidural analgesics during childbirth delivery (three studies). There was insufficient evidence to draw conclusions for 11 risk factors due to conflicting results or use of different predictor and outcome measures. Conclusion: MS progression was consistently associated with low vitamin D levels, and smoking was associated with a more rapid decline in MS disability. Studies used a variety of methods, predictors, and outcomes making it difficult to draw conclusions. Future studies should focus on prospective assessments.
The Surface Density of Haloes
Authors: Del Popolo A. , Lee Xi-Guo 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe study the correlation between the central surface density and the core radius of the dark matter haloes of galaxies and clusters of galaxies. We find that the surface density within the halo characteristic radius r* is not a universal quantity as claimed by some authors (e.g., Milgrom 2009), but it correlates with several physical quantities (e.g., the halo mass M200, and the magnitude MB). The slope of the surface density-mass relation is 0.18 ± 0.05, leaving small room to the possibility of a constant surface density. Finally, we compare the results with MOND predictions.
Reaching Out For Everyday Life Creativity
Authors: Tanggaard Lene 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In recent years, a move towards social, cultural-psychological and distributed research perspectives on creativity has been witnessed within the social- and human sciences. Glăveanu is one of the most prominent advocates for this new line of research. In the present commentary, I will share my concerns as to why this move is important and vital for the field of creativity research, but I will also raise my sense of fear by the proposed direction of model unity and coherence as suggested by Glăveanu. On the contrary, we may need to tolerate and respect the diversity of perspectives and enjoy the fruits of cross-disciplinarily research, not needing to reach any state of unity. In this sense, a way out of ‘crisis’ could be that we respect, variations and even differences, and instead of coherence establish meeting places and spots where divergent perspectives can be celebrated.
Space and Creativity: Students’ Opinions on School Space as a Component of the Creative Environment
Authors: Galewska-Kustra Marta 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Space understood as physical environment is the object of research in many fields, including social sciences. Previous studies point to the importance it may have for creative activity. School is one of the spaces where creative activity takes place. School is also supposed to support the development of students’ creativity. The article presents research on school as a physical environment facilitating creativity. The main aim of the presented study was to identify the characteristics of schools that students evaluated as favourable and unfavourable to their creative activity. The following research questions were addressed: What features of school space are evaluated by students as favourable to their creative activity? What features of school space are evaluated by students as unfavourable to their creative activity? The research made it possible to identify the elements of school that students see as support for, or hindrance to, their creative activity.
Determinants of the Content and Creation of Modern Television Series. Selected Issues
Authors: Arcimowicz Krzysztof 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The aim of this article is to present the most important factors affecting the creation and content of two different genres of television series–Polish television sagas and American post-soap operas. The analysis which I have carried out in the field allows the formulation of several conclusions. The creation of the two genres is similar. In both cases the most important people are the producers and scriptwriters and the most important criteria used for the assessment of a production are audience ratings and economic factors. Polish television sagas and American post-soaps are often very different with regard to their content and the ways they present social issues. The reasons for the differences include: genre convention, expectations of viewers, social and cultural context, and the emergence of commercial subscription television in the United States. At the turn of the 21st century HBO, an American pay television provider, followed by other stations began to produce shows which, even though they have originated from older television forms, break the ties with their antecedents. Makers of post-soaps address sensitive social issues and create their characters in an original and often controversial way.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA FREKUENSI PAPARAN PORNOGRAFI DENGAN PERILAKU SEKSUAL PRANIKAH PADA REMAJA SMA/SEDERAJAT DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS SUKAWATI I KABUPATEN GIANYAR BALI 2014
Authors: Aidil Muhammad 
Published: February 2017

One of the social problem that make big problem nowadays is premarital sexual behavior amongst teenagers.This problem can lead to many impacts such as the high incidence of HIV/AIDS and Sexual TransmitedDisease. According to some research, premarital sexual behavior is influenced by pornography exposuretowards teenagers. The aim of this study is to detect the relationship between frequency of pornographyexposure towards the premarital sexual behavior in high school teenagers Sukawati Public Health Centre IIÂ working place. The design for this research is quantitative study with analytic crossâ€sectional design. To collect the sample we use questioner without the name of the respondent amongst 136 students in two high school. For analysis we use Chi Square analysis using computer software. In this study, 19,1% respondent has done a premarital sexual behavior. At bivariate analysis, frequency of pornographic exposure (p=0,615) donâ€™t have a significance relationship with premarital sexual behavior. For this study, the significance is p value below 0,05. Frequency of pornographic exposure donâ€™t have a significant relationship with premarital sexualÂ behavior.Â