bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brief Report: “Give Me Some Time”: Facilitators of and Barriers to Uptake of Home-Based HIV Testing During Household Contact Investigation for Tuberculosis in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Armstrong-Hough Mari , Ggita Joseph , Ayakaka Irene , Dowdy David , Cattamanchi Adithya , Haberer Jessica E. , Katamba Achilles , Davis J. Lucian 
Published: January 2018

Background:
Integrating home-based HIV counseling and testing (HCT) with tuberculosis (TB) evaluation could improve the uptake of HIV testing among household contacts of patients with active TB. We sought to identify the facilitators of and barriers to HCT during household contact investigation for TB in Kampala, Uganda.

Methods:
We nested semi-structured interviews with 28 household contacts who were offered home-based HCT in a household-randomized trial of home-based strategies for TB contact investigation. Respondents reflected on their experiences of the home visit, the social context of the household, and their decision to accept or decline HIV testing. We used content analysis to identify and evaluate facilitators of and barriers to testing, then categorized the emergent themes using the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behavior (COM-B) model.

Results:
Facilitators included a preexisting desire to confirm HIV status or to show support for the index TB patient; a perception that home-based services are convenient; and positive perceptions of lay health workers. Key barriers included fear of results and feeling psychologically unprepared to receive results. The social influence of other household members operated as both a facilitator and a barrier.

Conclusions:
Preexisting motivation, psychological readiness to test, and the social context of the household are major contributors to the decision to test for HIV at home. Uptake might be improved by providing normalizing information about HCT before the visit, by offering a second HCT opportunity, by offering self-tests with follow-up counseling, or by introducing HCT using “opt-out” language.
Effectiveness of Assessing Ureteral Patency Using Preoperative Phenazopyridine
Authors: Strom Elizabeth M. , Chaudhry Zaid Q. , Guo Rong , Maisonet Axeline J. , Holschneider Christine H. , Wieslander Cecilia K. 
Published: January 2018

Objectives
The aims of this study were to determine the efficacy of phenazopyridine when used intraoperatively to assess ureteral patency and to investigate factors that may influence its efficacy.

Methods
This is a retrospective chart review performed at the Olive View–UCLA Medical Center, a Los Angeles County teaching hospital, from January 2014 through July 2016. Patients undergoing cystoscopy at the time of gynecologic surgery were identified via department case logs. All women receiving preoperative oral phenazopyridine were included. If ureteral flow was unable to be visualized with phenazopyridine alone, the medication was deemed ineffective, and sodium fluorescein was given intraoperatively. Patients were divided into a phenazopyridine effective or phenazopyridine ineffective group. Patient demographics, renal function, intraoperative fluids and urine output, estimated blood loss, timing and dose of medication administration, and complications were gathered from the chart and compared between groups using Fisher exact test, 2-sample t test, Wilcoxon test, and logistic regression for multivariable analysis. P < 0.05 was determined to be significant.

Results
Preoperative phenazopyridine was effective in 190 (91.8%) of 207 patients. It was ineffective in 17 patients who then required intraoperative sodium fluorescein. The group in which phenazopyridine was effective was more likely to have been given a 200-mg (vs 100-mg) dose (P = 0.02) and had lower intraoperative urine output (median, 450 vs 800 mL; P = 0.002).

Conclusions
Preoperative oral phenazopyridine is effective in more than 90% of cases to detect during gynecologic surgery. A higher phenazopyridine dose and lower intraoperative urine output were associated with increased efficacy.
Postoperative Catheter Management After Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery: A Survey of Practice Strategies
Authors: Boyd Sarah S. , Tunitsky-Bitton Elena , O'Sullivan David M. , Steinberg Adam C. 
Published: January 2018

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate practice preferences in catheter management after a failed inpatient voiding trial after pelvic reconstructive surgery.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study of postoperative catheter management after pelvic reconstructive surgery after failed voiding trial. Physicians practicing at ACGME-accredited residencies and fellowships in Obstetrics and Gynecology (Ob/Gyn), Urology, and Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery (FPMRS) within the United States completed a Web-based questionnaire in March 2017. Respondents were asked about voiding trial protocols, definitions of abnormal postvoid residual (PVR), type of catheterization used after failed voiding trials, and antibiotic use. Primary outcome was type of catheterization after failure of an inpatient voiding trial. Data were analyzed using χ

2
statistical tests.

Results
One hundred five respondents had a mean age of 36.5 years (range, 36 years). A total of 45.9% of participants practiced in FPMRS, 36.5% in Ob/Gyn, and 17.6% in Urology. Catheters were discontinued most frequently by postoperative day 1 after all procedures. Distribution of catheterization by specialty differed. Clean-intermittent straight catheterization had the greatest prevalence in all specialties and was the highest, by percentage, in Urology (33% Ob/Gyn, 40.6% FPMRS, and 69% Urology); P = 0.026. Type of catheterization differed significantly between Ob/Gyn and FPMRS respondents (P = 0.045). A total of 77.7% measured PVR by ultrasound and 22.3% performed catheterization. This distribution was similar across the specialties (70% Ob/Gyn, 79% FPMRS, and 100% Urology; P = 0.092). Abnormal PVR was defined most frequently as 150 mL or greater (30.5%). A minority of respondents routinely administer antibiotics during catheterization (17.1%). Duration and time until repeat voiding trial varied from 1 day to 2 weeks.

Conclusions
Practice variability in catheterization after pelvic reconstructive and incontinence surgery is high. Distribution of catheterization type by specialty varies significantly, with clean-intermittent straight catheterization most prevalent. Future studies are necessary to establish a consensus on optimal catheterization management technique for patients with acute postoperative voiding dysfunction.
Contemporary management of high-grade renal trauma: Results from the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Genitourinary Trauma study
Authors: Keihani Sorena , Xu Yizhe , Presson Angela P. , Hotaling James M. , Nirula Raminder , Piotrowski Joshua , Dodgion Christopher M. , Black Cullen M. , Mukherjee Kaushik , Morris Bradley J. , Majercik Sarah , Smith Brian P. , Schwartz Ian , Elliott Sean P. , DeSoucy Erik S. , Zakaluzny Scott , Thomsen Peter B. , Erickson Bradley A. , Baradaran Nima , Breyer Benjamin N. , Miller Brandi , Santucci Richard A. , Carrick Matthew M. , Hewitt Timothy , Burks Frank N. , Kocik Jurek F. , Askari Reza , Myers Jeremy B. 
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND
The rarity of renal trauma limits its study and the strength of evidence-based guidelines. Although management of renal injuries has shifted toward a nonoperative approach, nephrectomy remains the most common intervention for high-grade renal trauma (HGRT). We aimed to describe the contemporary management of HGRT in the United States and also evaluate clinical factors associated with nephrectomy after HGRT.

METHODS
From 2014 to 2017, data on HGRT (American Association for the Surgery of Trauma grades III-V) were collected from 14 participating Level-1 trauma centers. Data were gathered on demographics, injury characteristics, management, and short-term outcomes. Management was classified into three groups—expectant, conservative/minimally invasive, and open operative. Descriptive statistics were used to report management of renal trauma. Univariate and multivariate logistic mixed effect models with clustering by facility were used to look at associations between proposed risk factors and nephrectomy.

RESULTS
A total of 431 adult HGRT were recorded; 79% were male, and mechanism of injury was blunt in 71%. Injuries were graded as III, IV, and V in 236 (55%), 142 (33%), and 53 (12%), respectively. Laparotomy was performed in 169 (39%) patients. Overall, 300 (70%) patients were managed expectantly and 47 (11%) underwent conservative/minimally invasive management. Eighty-four (19%) underwent renal-related open operative management with 55 (67%) of them undergoing nephrectomy. Nephrectomy rates were 15% and 62% for grades IV and V, respectively. Penetrating injuries had significantly higher American Association for the Surgery of Trauma grades and higher rates of nephrectomy. In multivariable analysis, only renal injury grade and penetrating mechanism of injury were significantly associated with undergoing nephrectomy.

CONCLUSION
Expectant and conservative management is currently utilized in 80% of HGRT; however, the rate of nephrectomy remains high. Clinical factors, such as surrogates of hemodynamic instability and metabolic acidosis, are associated with nephrectomy for HGRT; however, higher renal injury grade and penetrating trauma remain the strongest associations.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic/epidemiologic study, level III; Therapeutic study, level IV.
MRI of the Optic Nerves and Chiasm in Patients With Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Blanc Christelle , Heran Françoise , Habas Christophe , Bejot Yannick , Sahel José , Vignal-Clermont Catherine 
Published: January 2018

Background:
The aim of this study was to characterize brain and orbital MRI features of patients with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), with particular attention to the optic nerves and chiasm.

Method:
We studied a patient cohort with genetically confirmed LHON followed at 2 ophthalmologic hospitals in France between 2013 and 2015. High-resolution brain and orbital MRI studies were analyzed for each patient during the first 12 months after the onset of visual loss was analyzed.

Results:
Our study included 20 men and 8 women with a mean age of 38.3 years at diagnosis, and all had genetic mutations for LHON. Nineteen patients (67.9%) had T2 hyperintensity in the posterior portion of both optic nerves and in the optic chiasm, and enlargement of the chiasm was found in 16 patients (59.3%). No enhancement of the optic nerves or chiasm was detected. The T2 hyperintensity lesions were not associated with the time between symptom onset and obtaining MRI, the mutation type, or sex of the patient. Nonspecific T2 white matter lesions were found in MRI of 6 patients, but without the characteristics of those found in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Conclusions:
Involvement of the posterior portions of the optic nerves has been described previously in case reports of patients with LHON. Our results support this observation with neuroimaging performed within 1 year of onset of visual loss. Enlargement of the optic chiasm also may occur in patients with LHON. The pathophysiology of the MRI changes is not yet understood.
Electrophysiology of Extraocular Cranial Nerves: Oculomotor, Trochlear, and Abducens Nerve
Authors: Hariharan Praveen , Balzer Jeffery R. , Anetakis Katherine , Crammond Donald J. , Thirumala Parthasarathy D. 
Published: January 2018

Summary:
The utility of extraocular cranial nerve electrophysiologic recordings lies primarily in the operating room during skull base surgeries. Surgical manipulation during skull base surgeries poses a risk of injury to multiple cranial nerves, including those innervating extraocular muscles. Because tumors distort normal anatomic relationships, it becomes particularly challenging to identify cranial nerve structures. Studies have reported the benefits of using intraoperative spontaneous electromyographic recordings and compound muscle action potentials evoked by electrical stimulation in preventing postoperative neurologic deficits. Apart from surgical applications, electromyography of extraocular muscles has also been used to guide botulinum toxin injections in patients with strabismus and as an adjuvant diagnostic test in myasthenia gravis. In this article, we briefly review the rationale, current available techniques to monitor extraocular cranial nerves, technical difficulties, clinical and surgical applications, as well as future directions for research.
A Barley Powdery Mildew Fungus Non-Autonomous Retrotransposon Encodes a Peptide that Supports Penetration Success on Barley
Authors: Nottensteiner Mathias , Zechmann Bernd , McCollum Christopher , Hückelhoven Ralph 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTPlant immunity is overcome by pathogens by the means of secreted effectors. Host effector targets might be proteins acting in pathogen defense or serve demands of the pathogen. The barley ROP GTPase HvRACB is involved in entry of the powdery mildew fungusBlumeria graminisf.sp.hordei (Bgh)into barley epidermal cells. We found that HvRACB interacts with theROP-interactive peptide 1 (ROPIP1) that is encoded on the active non-long terminal repeat retroelement Eg-R1 ofBgh. Over-expression of ROPIP1 in barley epidermal cells and host-induced post-transcriptional gene silencing (HIGS) ofROPIP1suggested that ROPIP1 is involved in virulence ofBgh. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co-localization supported that ROPIP1 can interact with activated HvRACB in planta. We show that ROPIP1 is expressed byBghon barley and translocated into the cytoplasm of infected barley cells. ROPIP1 is recruited to microtubules upon co-expression of MICROTUBULE ASSOCIATED ROP GTPase ACTIVATING PROTEIN (HvMAGAP1) and can destabilize cortical microtubules.BghROPIP might target HvRACB and manipulate host cell microtubule organization for facilitated host cell entry. Data suggest a possible neo-functionalization of retroelement-derived transcripts for the evolution of a pathogen virulence effector.
Glocalizing cures for China’s brain drain ills
Authors: Kim Hanna , Allen Ryan Michael 
Published: January 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how the Chinese Central Government’s plan to alleviate brain drain, called the Thousand Talents Plan, has been glocalized by three major local governments: Shanghai, Tianjin, and Guangdong.Design/methodology/approachThe lens of glocalization pays special attention to the impact of local reactions to global forces. Materials from the Recruitment Program of Global Experts for three major cases were examined for glocal characteristics. An analysis of each case was carried out to compare the strategies and implementations to explore the individual glocalizations and larger national similarities.FindingsThe findings show that each of the localities has distinct regional variations in their strategies: Shanghai utilized its economic prowess, Tianjin focused on clustering experts, and Guangdong maximized its geographic proximity to Hong Kong. At the same time, all three policies were still rooted in human capital development theory, with a keen emphasis to attracting migrants with greater propensity for staying long term in China.Originality/valueThe study of brain drain is important because it is a problem that plagues communities around the world, especially non-western societies. While China’s tactics to combat brain drain have been examined, the consideration of glocalization in the cases of Shanghai, Tianjin, and Guangdong have not been carried out.
Resilient urban planning process in question: Istanbul case
Authors: Yaman Galantini Zeynep Deniz , Tezer Azime 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to describe an updated urban planning process to expose a theoretical model bridging the resilience concept and urban planning, and then it explains this process through Istanbul case.

Design/methodology/approach
A hypothetical framework is proposed based on the three different but complementary aspects of resilience which are identified as “resilience to what”, “resilience where” and “resilience how”, as well as “five elements process” referring the upgraded components of urban planning processes. Additionally, the methodology conducted to figure out a resilient urban planning process is listed as an expert opinion survey, a two-stage policy Delphi survey, public opinion survey and multi-criteria analysis.

Findings
It is possible to apply this process in many different case studies for various scales and temporalities for coping with the key vulnerabilities and promote the administrative response capacity.

Research limitations/implications
Considering size of the study area and the unclarified roles of urban authorities, it is difficult to have a consensus on the key vulnerabilities and the prior urban policies.

Originality/value
The proposed process is beneficial in addressing the most prominent vulnerabilities and developing capacity to manage unexpected changes, through the collaborative decisions of a wide range of urban planning authorities. Depending on the severity of the disturbances, applying this process to identify changing priorities can be a crucial policy, both for long- or short-term urban policy-making, for further studies.
An improved model for seismic risk assessment in Portugal
Authors: Marques Mário , Monteiro Ricardo , Delgado Raimundo 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
Portugal experienced very destructive earthquakes in the past, such as the well-known “Lisbon earthquake” in 1755. With such in mind, accurate estimates of human and economic losses can play a significant role in providing various societal key players with objective information for response strategies. This paper aims to present the contribution of the most recent study in Portugal (PRISE) concerning comprehensive seismic risk assessment, which can be used as good practice and reproduced in different contexts.

Design/methodology/approach
PRISE (earthquake loss assessment of the Portuguese building stock) covered three main lines of research, corresponding to the three components typically considered in any seismic risk assessment study: the characterization of the seismic hazard, the identification of the exposure to earthquakes and loss potential and the vulnerability of the exposed assets. Each of these components has been fully characterized through the collection of census and local data (exposure), used to carry out nonlinear analysis (hazard and fragility).

Findings
By involving different research institutions and partners with extensive knowledge and expertise in the earthquake domains, the developed model is capable of producing economic and human earthquake loss estimates in real time (through an innovative Web-based platform) or for specific event scenarios, considering exposed population, residential and industrial buildings. The platform uses open-source tools and hence, it can be reproduced in other countries or contexts.

Research limitations/implications
Research wise, the hazard, vulnerability and exposure models can still be significantly improved, e.g. by adding critical infrastructure (hospitals, school buildings and bridges) or updating the nonlinear models, for more accurate loss predictions.

Practical implications
The findings and loss estimates for different earthquake scenarios show that planned interventions are required. Decision-makers and other relevant stakeholders (Civil Protection) can make use of the developed platform to produce specific estimates, to test the effect of different retrofitting interventions or to plan for emergency scenarios.

Originality/value
A real-time Web-based framework to estimate building damage and economic/human losses because of seismic events has been developed, aiming to provide the Portuguese Civil Protection and other playmakers with a unique platform for planning and preparing for emergency scenarios.
How does embodiment work in dark tourism “field”? Based on visitors’ experience in Memorial Hall of the victims in Nanjing Massacre
Authors: Xie Yanjun , Sun Jiaojiao 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the actions of different senses on visitors’ embodied experience in dark tourism “field,” including embodied emotions/cognitions.

Design/methodology/approach
This research uses qualitative analysis by applying tourists’ reviews from two main Chinese tourism websites and the software of MAXQDA. It identifies the senses applied in the embodiment process in dark tourism “field” and matches these senses to the specific types of embodied emotions/cognitions.

Findings
This research identifies four main senses. The visual sense has the greatest influence on 27 embodied emotions and 7 embodied cognitions. Auditory and temperature sense create particular emotions. This research also points out the phenomenon of “banned behavior.” At last, to achieve accessibility/acceptability, Nanjing Memorial Hall applies two strategies to distance the extreme historical events from visitors: the construction of aesthetic elements and the way it shows historical objects.

Research limitations/implications
It uses both qualitative and quantitative data to identify the classifications and degrees of senses, emotions and cognitions as well as the relations between them. However, there are difficulties in the coding process because of the language differences, which requires a good understanding of the context of the tourism experience.

Practical implications
The research results could be used as a psychological reference and in the design of dark tourism product.

Social implications
It provides a specific understanding of the way in which visitors interact with dark tourism objects and environment.

Originality/value
This is the first research that explains the dark tourism experience from the perspective of embodiment. It provides conceptual as well as empirical reference for a new research topic.
Openness, ICT and entrepreneurship in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Asongu Simplice A. , Nwachukwu Jacinta C. 
Published: January 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how information and communication technology (ICT) influences openness to improve the conditions of doing business in sub-Saharan Africa.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected for the period 2000-2012. ICT is proxied with internet and mobile phone penetration rates whereas openness is measured in terms of financial and trade globalisation. Ten indicators of doing business are used, namely: cost of business start-up procedures; procedure to enforce a contract; start-up procedures to register a business; time required to build a warehouse; time required to enforce a contract; time required to register a property; time required to start a business; time to export; time to prepare and pay taxes; and time to resolve an insolvency. The empirical evidence is based on generalised method of moments with forward orthogonal deviations.FindingsWhile the authors find substantial evidence that ICT complements openness to improve conditions for entrepreneurship, the effects are contingent on the dynamics of openness, ICT and entrepreneurship. Theoretical and practical policy implications are discussed.Originality/valueThe inquiry is based on two contemporary development concerns: the need for policy to leverage on the ICT penetration potential in the sub-region and the relevance of entrepreneurship in addressing associated issues of population growth such as unemployment.