bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electric vehicles as facilitators of grid stability and flexibility: A multidisciplinary overview
Authors: Štogl Ondřej , Miltner Marek , Zanocco Chad , Traverso Marzia , Starý Oldřich 
Published: September 2024

AbstractElectric vehicles (EVs), as facilitators of grid stability and flexibility, provide a critical solution to the energy infrastructure's evolving demands, underscored by the growing integration of renewable energy sources (RES) and the rapid increase in EV adoption worldwide. This trend is particularly evident in Europe which is experiencing dramatic increases in both the adoption of RES and EVs. Vehicle‐to‐grid (V2G) technology allows EVs to operate as a two‐way power flow to both draw and feed electricity into the grid. This multidisciplinary overview examines the role of V2G systems in enhancing grid performance, identifying corporate vehicle fleets as key flexibility providers, and integration with Smart Grid technologies as a key element for successful V2G implementation. In a scoping analysis of recent literature (2005–2024), we identify challenges such as privacy, security, and regulatory compliance as well as a critical gap in establishing economically sustainable models for aggregators, distribution system operators (DSOs), generation companies (GENCOs), and end‐users. Drawing from these insights, we then discuss the necessity for future research to develop models that ensure equitable benefits across stakeholders and the importance of models that can adapt to country‐specific mechanisms. The findings from our overview argue that the integration of EVs, V2G, and RES are essential components for developing future energy systems that are resilient, adaptable, decarbonized, and sustainable.This article is categorized under:
Cities and Transportation > Electric Mobility
Energy and Power Systems > Energy Infrastructure
Energy and Power Systems > Energy Management
Biohydrogen generation from distillery effluent using baffled up‐flow microbial electrolysis cell
Authors: Murugaiyan Jayachitra , Narayanan Anantharaman , Naina Mohamed Samsudeen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMicrobial electrolysis cell (MEC) is gaining importance not only for effectively treating wastewater but also for producing hydrogen. The up‐flow microbial electrolysis cell (UPMEC) is an innovative approach to enhance the efficiency, and substrate degradation. In this study, a baffled UPMEC with an anode divided into three regions by inserting the baffle (sieve) plates at varying distances from the cathode was designed. The effect of process parameters, such as flow rate (10, 15, and 20 mL/min), electrode area (50, 100, and 150 cm2), and catholyte buffer concentration (50, 100, and 150 mM) were investigated using distillery wastewater as substrate. The experimental results showed a maximum of 0.6837 ± 0.02 mmol/L biohydrogen at 150 mM buffer, with 49 ± 1.0% COD reduction using an electrode of area 150 cm2. The maximum current density was 1335.94 mA/m2 for the flow rate of 15 mL/min and surface area of 150 cm2. The results showed that at optimized flow rate and buffer concentration, maximum hydrogen production and effective treatment of wastewater were achieved in the baffled UPMEC.Practitioner Points
Biohydrogen production from distillery wastewater was investigated in a baffled UPMEC.
Flowrate, concentration and electrode areas significantly influenced the hydrogen production.
Maximum hydrogen (0.6837±0.02mmol/L.day) production and COD reduction (49±1.0%) was achieved at 15 mL/min.
Highest CHR of 95.37±1.9 % and OHR of 4.6±0.09 % was observed at 150 mM buffer concentration.
ED&I and SE: Challenges, Progress, and Lessons
Authors: Grundy John , Kanij Tanjila , Hoda Rashina , Khalajzadeh Hourieh , Madugalla Anuradha , McIntosh Jennifer 
Published: September 2024

AbstractJohn Grundy, Tanjila Kanij, Rashina Hoda, Hourieh Khalajzadeh, Anuradha Madugalla, and Jennifer McIntosh
Exactly solvable floquet dynamics for conformal field theories in dimensions greater than two
Authors: Das Diptarka , Das Sumit R. , Kundu Arnab , Sengupta Krishnendu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We find classes of driven conformal field theories (CFT) in d + 1 dimensions with d > 1, whose quench and floquet dynamics can be computed exactly. The setup is suitable for studying periodic drives, consisting of square pulse protocols for which Hamiltonian evolution takes place with different deformations of the original CFT Hamiltonian in successive time intervals. These deformations are realized by specific combinations of conformal generators with a deformation parameter β; the β < 1 (β > 1) Hamiltonians can be unitarily related to the standard (Lüscher-Mack) CFT Hamiltonians. The resulting time evolution can be then calculated by performing appropriate conformal transformations. For d ≤ 3 we show that the transformations can be easily obtained in a quaternion formalism. Evolution with such a single Hamiltonian yields qualitatively different time dependences of observables depending on the value of β, with exponential decays characteristic of heating for β > 1, oscillations for β < 1 and power law decays for β = 1. This manifests itself in the behavior of the fidelity, unequal-time correlator, and the energy density at the end of a single cycle of a square pulse protocol with different hamiltonians in successive time intervals. When the Hamiltonians in a cycle involve generators of a single SU(1, 1) subalgebra we calculate the Floquet Hamiltonian. We show that one can get dynamical phase transitions for any β by varying the time period of a cycle, where the system can go from a non-heating phase which is oscillatory as a function of the time period to a heating phase with an exponentially damped behavior. Our methods can be generalized to other discrete and continuous protocols. We also point out that our results are expected to hold for a broader class of QFTs that possesses an SL(2, C) symmetry with fields that transform as quasi-primaries under this. As an example, we briefly comment on celestial CFTs in this context.
Amplitudes and polarizations of quadratic quasi-normal modes for a Schwarzschild black hole
Authors: Bucciotti Bruno , Juliano Leonardo , Kuntz Adrien , Trincherini Enrico 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
General Relativity predicts the existence of quadratic quasi-normal modes at second order in perturbation theory. Building on our recent work, we compute the amplitudes and polarizations of these modes for non-rotating black holes, showing that they are completely determined by the amplitudes and polarizations of linear modes. We obtain the ratio of quadratic to linear amplitudes, which still depends on the initial conditions of the merger through the polarization of linear modes. However, we demonstrate that this dependence is captured by four fundamental numbers, independent of initial conditions, representing four different combinations of linear modes parities. Additionally, we prove two selection rules regarding the vanishing of classes of quadratic modes. Our results are available online as a package which provides the ratio of amplitudes across a broad spectrum of angular momenta.
Worldsheet kinematics, dressing factors and odd crossing in mixed-flux AdS3 backgrounds
Authors: Ohlsson Sax Olof , Riabchenko Dmitrii , Stefański Bogdan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
String theory on AdS3 × S3 × T4 geometries supported by a combination of NS-NS and R-R charges is believed to be integrable. We elucidate the kinematics and analytic structure of worldsheet excitations in mixed charge and pure NS-NS backgrounds, when expressed in momentum, Zhukovsky variables and the rapidity u which appears in the quantum spectral curve. We discuss the relations between fundamental and bound state excitations and the role of fusion in constraining and determining the S matrices of these theories. We propose a scalar dressing factor consistent with a novel u-plane periodicity and comment on its close relation to the XXZ model at roots of unity. We solve the odd part of crossing and show that our solution is consistent with fusion and reduces in the relativistic limit to dressing phases previously found in the literature.
Bounding irrelevant operators in the 3d Gross-Neveu-Yukawa CFTs
Authors: Mitchell Matthew S. , Poland David 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We perform a numerical bootstrap study of scalar operators in the critical 3d Gross-Neveu-Yukawa models, a family of conformal field theories containing N Majorana fermions in the fundamental representation of an O(N) global symmetry. We compute rigorous bounds on the scaling dimensions of the next-to-lowest parity-even and parity-odd singlet scalars at N = 2, 4, and 8. All of these dimensions have lower bounds greater than 3, implying that there are only two relevant singlet scalars and placing constraints on the RG flow structure of these theories.
Ladder top-quark condensation imprints in supercooled electroweak phase transition
Authors: Guan Yuepeng , Matsuzaki Shinya 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The electroweak (EW) phase transition in the early Universe might be supercooled due to the presence of the classical scale invariance involving Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) sectors and the supercooling could persist down till a later epoch around which the QCD chiral phase transition is supposed to take place. Since this supercooling period keeps masslessness for all the six SM quarks, it has simply been argued that the QCD phase transition is the first order, and so is the EW one. However, not only the QCD coupling but also the top Yukawa and the Higgs quartic couplings get strong at around the QCD scale due to the renormalization group running, hence this scenario is potentially subject to a rigorous nonperturbative analysis. In this work, we employ the ladder Schwinger-Dyson (LSD) analysis based on the Cornwall-Jackiw-Tomboulis formalism at the two-loop level in such a gauge-Higgs-Yukawa system. We show that the chiral broken QCD vacuum emerges with the nonperturbative top condensate and the lightness of all six quarks is guaranteed due to the accidental U(1) axial symmetry presented in the top-Higgs sector. We employ a quark-meson model-like description in the mean field approximation to address the impact on the EW phase transition arising due to the top quark condensation at the QCD phase transition epoch. In the model, the LSD results are encoded to constrain the model parameter space. We then observe the cosmological phase transition of the first-order type and discuss the induced gravitational wave (GW) productions. We find that in addition to the conventional GW signals sourced from an expected BSM at around or over the TeV scale, the dynamical topponium-Higgs system can yield another power spectrum sensitive to the BBO, LISA, and DECIGO, etc.
Kimberlite pre-conditioning of the lithospheric mantle and implications for diamond survival: a case study of olivine and mantle xenocrysts from the Koidu mine (Sierra Leone)
Authors: Howarth Geoffrey H. , Giuliani Andrea , Bussweiler Yannick , Tau Merrily , Hashibi Sinelethu , Janney Philip E. , Nowicki Tom E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe diamond potential of kimberlites is generally determined using indicator minerals (i.e., xenocrysts), entrained by the parent magma while ascending through the sub-continental lithospheric mantle (SCLM). It is becoming increasingly apparent that olivine can also be used to understand mantle sampling depth, using the Al-in-olivine thermometer, and to constrain the extent of diamond-destructive metasomatism in the SCLM. To further current understanding of vertical sampling and diamond preservation in the SCLM, we present geochemical results for kimberlitic olivine of the Koidu mine (Sierra Leone). We combine our olivine data with pressure-temperature estimates from available olivine diamond inclusions, clinopyroxene xenocrysts, and eclogite xenoliths to visualise the vertical distribution of lithologies in the SCLM beneath Koidu. In agreement with the absence of peridotitic olivine and low abundance of olivine diamond inclusions in the lower SCLM, megacrysts appear to dominate the material sampled from the lowermost lithosphere. At shallower levels a distinct eclogite-dominated region is observed (160-180 km) whereas the SCLM at depths of 110-150 km is heterogeneous comprising depleted harzburgite/dunite, lherzolite, and eclogite. Diamonds are predominantly eclogitic with pressure-temperature estimates for diamondiferous eclogites of 150-190 km within the eclogite-dominated region. The near absence of diamonds sampled from near the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary is attributed to diamond destruction by extensive infiltration of proto-kimberlite melts leading to metasomatism of the eclogite and peridotite substrate and megacrysts formation. Widespread metasomatism of the deepest reaches of the SCLM sampled by kimberlites elsewhere suggests that Koidu does not represent an isolated case and the extent of diamond-destructive metasomatism can be constrained using olivine xenocrysts.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Early Evolution and the Last Common Ancestor
Authors: Becerra Arturo , Goldman Aaron D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe early evolution of life spans an extensive period preceding the emergence of the first eukaryotic cell. This epoch, which transpired from 4.5 to 2.5 billion years ago, marked the advent of many fundamental cellular attributes and witnessed the existence of the Last Common Ancestor (LCA) of all life forms. Uncovering and reconstructing this elusive LCA's characteristics and genetic makeup represents a formidable challenge and a pivotal pursuit in early evolution. While most scientific accounts concur that the LCA resembles contemporary prokaryotes, its precise definition, genome composition, metabolic capabilities, and ecological niche remain subjects of contentious debate.
AI-based lumbar central canal stenosis classification on sagittal MR images is comparable to experienced radiologists using axial images
Authors: van der Graaf Jasper W. , Brundel Liron , van Hooff Miranda L. , de Kleuver Marinus , Lessmann Nikolas , Maresch Bas J. , Vestering Myrthe M. , Spermon Jacco , van Ginneken Bram , Rutten Matthieu J. C. M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objectives
The assessment of lumbar central canal stenosis (LCCS) is crucial for diagnosing and planning treatment for patients with low back pain and neurogenic pain. However, manual assessment methods are time-consuming, variable, and require axial MRIs. The aim of this study is to develop and validate an AI-based model that automatically classifies LCCS using sagittal T2-weighted MRIs.

Methods
A pre-existing 3D AI algorithm was utilized to segment the spinal canal and intervertebral discs (IVDs), enabling quantitative measurements at each IVD level. Four musculoskeletal radiologists graded 683 IVD levels from 186 LCCS patients using the 4-class Lee grading system. A second consensus reading was conducted by readers 1 and 2, which, along with automatic measurements, formed the training dataset for a multiclass (grade 0–3) and binary (grade 0–1 vs. 2–3) random forest classifier with tenfold cross-validation.

Results
The multiclass model achieved a Cohen’s weighted kappa of 0.86 (95% CI: 0.82–0.90), comparable to readers 3 and 4 with 0.85 (95% CI: 0.80–0.89) and 0.73 (95% CI: 0.68–0.79) respectively. The binary model demonstrated an AUC of 0.98 (95% CI: 0.97–0.99), sensitivity of 93% (95% CI: 91–96%), and specificity of 91% (95% CI: 87–95%). In comparison, readers 3 and 4 achieved a specificity of 98 and 99% and sensitivity of 74 and 54%, respectively.

Conclusion
Both the multiclass and binary models, while only using sagittal MR images, perform on par with experienced radiologists who also had access to axial sequences. This underscores the potential of this novel algorithm in enhancing diagnostic accuracy and efficiency in medical imaging.

Key Points
QuestionHow can the classification of lumbar central canal stenosis (LCCS) be made more efficient?
FindingsMulticlass and binary AI models, using only sagittal MR images, performed on par with experienced radiologists who also had access to axial sequences.
Clinical relevanceOur AI algorithm accurately classifies LCCS from sagittal MRI, matching experienced radiologists. This study offers a promising tool for automated LCCS assessment from sagittal T2 MRI, potentially reducing the reliance on additional axial imaging.
Bicenter validation of a risk model for the preoperative prediction of extraprostatic extension of localized prostate cancer combining clinical and multiparametric MRI parameters
Authors: Ostau Nicola Edith von , Handke Analena Elisa , Wiesenfarth Manuel , Albers Peter , Antoch Gerald , Noldus Joachim , Reis Henning , Cotarelo Cristina , Preetz Julia , Umutlu Lale , Ingenwerth Marc , Radtke Jan Philipp , Hadaschik Boris , Schimmöller Lars , Kesch Claudia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to validate a previously published risk model (RM) which combines clinical and multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) parameters to predict extraprostatic extension (EPE) of prostate cancer (PC) prior to radical prostatectomy (RP).

Materials and methods
A previously published RM combining clinical with mpMRI parameters including European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR) classification for EPE was retrospectively evaluated in a cohort of two urological university hospitals in Germany. Consecutive patients (n = 205, January 2015 –June 2021) with available preoperative MRI images, clinical information including PSA, prostate volume, ESUR classification for EPE, histopathological results of MRI-fusion biopsy and RP specimen were included. Validation was performed by receiver operating characteristic analysis and calibration plots. The RM‘s performance was compared to ESUR criteria.

Results
Histopathological T3 stage was detected in 43% of the patients (n = 89); 45% at Essen and 42% at Düsseldorf. Discrimination performance between pT2 and pT3 of the RM in the entire cohort was AUC = 0.86 (AUC = 0.88 at site 1 and AUC = 0.85 at site 2). Calibration was good over the entire probability range. The discrimination performance of ESUR classification alone was comparable (AUC = 0.87).

Conclusions
The RM showed good discriminative performance to predict EPE for decision-making for RP as a patient-tailored risk stratification. However, when experienced MRI reading is available, standardized MRI reading with ESUR scoring is comparable regarding information outcome. A main limitation is the potentially limited transferability to other populations because of the high prevalence of EPE in our subgroups.
Severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome following sole gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist trigger: a case series and literature review
Authors: Berkovitz-Shperling Roza , Samara Nivin , Meir Reut , Dominsky Omri , Azam Foad , Feferkorn Ido 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to report three cases of early severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) in patients undergoing a GnRH antagonist protocol triggered with GnRH agonist (GnRH-a), leading to hospitalization and the need for peritoneal drainage. Additionally, a review of the existing literature on this topic is provided.

Design
This is a retrospective case series and a literature review.

Setting
This study was conducted at obstetrics and gynecology department of tertiary academic referral hospitals, Israel.

Participants
This study included three patients presented with severe OHSS symptoms, including abdominal distension, ascites, and hemoconcentration.

Main outcome measures
The main focus of the treatment was to address the symptoms and prevent any further complications. The outcome was the complete recovery of the patients.

Results
The presented cases detail instances of severe OHSS following oocyte retrieval, utilizing GnRH-a for triggering. Case 1 involved a 33-year-old patient with a history of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), Case 2 featured a 22-year-old patient with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), and Case 3 included a 41-year-old patient with a history of depressive disorder. All patients receiving supportive care, including infusions and medications, exhibited gradual improvement during hospitalization, with complete resolution observed during the 20-day post-hospitalization check-up.

Conclusions
These three cases highlight the occurrence of severe early OHSS following a GnRH antagonist protocol triggered with GnRH-a in the absence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration for trigger or luteal-phase support. Clinicians must be aware that a GnRH-a trigger followed by a freeze-all approach does not guarantee the complete elimination of OHSS in all patients.
Twenty years of volcano data at GeoNet—collection, custodianship, and evolution of open data on New Zealand’s volcanoes
Authors: Hanson Jonathan B. , Sherburn Steven , Behr Yannik , Britten Karen M. , Hughes Ery C. , Jarvis Paul A. , Lamb Oliver D. , Mazot Agnes , Fitzgerald Rebecca H. , Scott Bradley J. , Fournier Nico ,   Volcano Monitoring Group,   GeoNet team
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe GeoNet programme at GNS Science has monitored and managed data for volcanoes, earthquakes, landslides, and tsunami in Aotearoa New Zealand since 2001. Volcano monitoring data are collected from seismometers, acoustic sensors, GNSS receivers, webcams, remote gas monitoring sensors, and a range of environmental sensors, as well as manually during visits to volcanoes. The primary user of volcano data is the internal cross-specialised Volcano Monitoring Group (VMG), which fulfils the role of the national volcano observatory. GeoNet concentrates on automatic data collection and analysis, while supporting members of the VMG with manual data collection and interpretation. The application of open-data principles to both data and metadata has always been a core aspect of GeoNet; responses have been overwhelmingly positive, despite concerns regarding some high value, manually collected datasets. The website www.geonet.org.nz represents the primary data access portal. Data analysis and delivery applications are organised by data type rather than hazard, with no volcano-specific data applications. Most datasets have web-based and API delivery application options; both provide standard data formats from a cloud-based archive. One of the challenges for volcano data collection and management has been shifting from a reliance on manually collected data to automatic collection. Additionally, awareness of important questions related to Indigenous Māori data governance is increasing, although the associated impact is not yet understood. Overall, the current centralised, cooperative volcano monitoring and data collection and management system, which benefits from improved efficiency, interoperability, and data quality, has proved effective in Aotearoa New Zealand. Ongoing work aims to ensure optimal data collection and management for volcano monitoring and downstream activities.