bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Availability of Later Abortion Care Before and After Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization
Authors: Berglas Nancy F. , Schroeder Rosalyn , Kaller Shelly , Stewart Clara , Upadhyay Ushma D. 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE:
To examine changes in availability of procedural abortion, especially in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, since the U.S. Supreme Court ended federal protections for abortion in its Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization decision in 2022.

METHODS:
We used the Advancing New Standards in Reproductive Health Abortion Facility Database, a national database of all publicly advertising abortion facilities, to document trends in service availability from 2021 to 2023. We calculated summary statistics to describe facility gestational limits for procedural abortion for the United States and by state, subregion, and region, and we examined the number and proportion of facilities that offer procedural abortion in the second or third trimester of pregnancy.

RESULTS:
From 2021 to 2023, the total number of publicly advertising facilities providing procedural abortion decreased 11.0%, from 473 to 421. Overall, one-quarter of facilities (n=115) that had been providing procedural abortion in 2021 ceased providing services, and an additional 99 decreased their gestational limits. In contrast, 73 facilities increased their gestational limits, and 64 new facilities began providing or publicly advertising procedural abortion services. The number of facilities offering procedural abortion later in pregnancy decreased (327 to 309 providing 14 weeks of gestation or later, 60 to 50 providing 24 weeks of gestation or later), although the proportion of all facilities providing these services held steady. The greatest changes were in the South, where many facilities closed.

CONCLUSION:
There have been substantial reductions in the number and distribution of facilities offering procedural abortion since the Dobbs decision, with critical decreases in the availability of later abortion services. Some facilities are positioning themselves to meet the needs of patients by opening new facilities, publicly advertising their services, or extending their gestational limits.
Forearm Fractures in Older Children and Adolescents: ORIF is Safer Than IMN With Equivalent Outcomes
Authors: Chen Stephen , LaBarge Matthew E. , Henry Abigail L. , Pennings Jacquelyn , Martus Jeffrey E. 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Greater understanding of the impact of skeletal maturity on outcomes is needed to guide operative treatment of diaphyseal forearm fractures in children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to compare the complications and outcomes of pediatric diaphyseal forearm fractures treated with intramedullary nailing (IMN) or open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) and to identify a radiographic marker of skeletal maturity that will aid in selecting between treatment options.

Methods:
A retrospective review of patients aged 10 to 16 years treated operatively for diaphyseal forearm fractures was performed. Markers of skeletal maturity including the olecranon apophysis score, the presence of the thumb adductor sesamoid, and radial epiphyseal capping. Complications were graded with the modified Clavien-Dindo system. Outcomes were scored based on final postoperative range of motion combined with complication grade.

Results:
A total of 260 patients were included: 163 treated with IMN, 97 treated with ORIF, mean age 12.7 years, 72% male. Among closed forearm fractures treated with IMN, open reduction was required in 45% (53/118). Patients treated with IMN had a higher complication rate than ORIF (27.0% vs. 9.3%, P<0.05), including when stratified by age. Complication rates were not impacted by greater skeletal maturity as indicated by the presence of thumb sesamoid or radial epiphyseal capping. There was no significant difference in outcomes between the ORIF and IMN groups. More skeletally immature patients, as identified by a lack of either the thumb adductor sesamoid or radial epiphyseal capping, had significantly better outcomes with ORIF than patients with greater maturity.

Conclusions:
Across all age groups and levels of skeletal maturity, ORIF had a significantly lower rates of complications compared with IMN with equivalent outcomes. More skeletally immature patients had significantly better outcomes with ORIF treatment when compared with older patients. The thumb adductor sesamoid, radial epiphyseal capping, and the olecranon apophysis score did not provide useful information to select between ORIF over IMN in this population.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—retrospective comparative study.
Digastric Mobilization for Periprosthetic Femur Fractures With Fracture of the Greater Trochanter to Prevent Migration
Authors: Purcell Kevin F. , Kurkowski Sarah , Sagi Henry Claude 
Published: October 2024

Introduction:
Periprosthetic femur fractures following total hip arthroplasty often require revision of the femoral component at the time of fracture repair. Thirty percent of cases are associated with fractures of the greater trochanter, and this can complicate both the fracture repair and revision arthroplasty. Because stable fixation of the greater trochanter is difficult to achieve with the presence of a femoral component, postoperative migration of the greater trochanter is frequently encountered.

Materials and Methods:
This technique article describes an alternative surgical approach for exposure and application of a trochanteric plate via a digastric “osteotomy,” preserving the vastus lateralis origin and gluteus medius and minimus insertions without any partial tenotomy.

Results:
The described technique preserving attachments and insertions of gluteus and vastus lateralis minimizes the potential for displacement and migration of the greater trochanter following reduction and fixation, with good outcomes at 8 months after surgery.

Discussion:
Digastric mobilization of the greater trochanter provides surgeons with an alternative surgical exposure that preserves the opposing muscle forces of the abductors and vastus lateralis in a digastric fashion, thus minimizing the potential for displacement and migration in the postoperative period following reduction and fixation.
Missed Opportunities for Intervening Early in Preschoolers with Developmental Concern: Perspectives From Head Start Parents, Teachers, and Healthcare Providers
Authors: Burkett Karen , Brown Courtney M. , Pickler Rita , Stanton-Chapman Tina , Sharps Phyllis , Jacquez Farrah , Smith Teresa , Holland Amy , Heeman Anna , Froehlich Tanya 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to discover the care meanings of facilitators and barriers to detection and intervention for developmental delay among Head Start preschool-aged children, as viewed by parents, teachers, and primary care providers.

Methods:
We used a qualitative focus group design and broad cultural lens to understand similarities and differences in family and professional care, as Head Start programs educate preschoolers living in poverty who are disproportionately from ethno-racial minoritized groups. We sought the perspectives of 15 Head Start parents equally representing Black, Latino(a), and White parents, 17 teachers, and 11 healthcare providers to discover facilitators and barriers to adherence with professional recommendations.

Results:
We found that silos in professional communications, parent distrust, knowledge deficits, and stigma were barriers to obtaining developmental recommendations. Participants also identified missed opportunities to facilitate interagency coordination, parental advocacy of a child's developmental needs, and professional alliances to take collaborative actions for early identification and treatment. Furthermore, a subculture of poverty adversely influenced adherence to developmental recommendations, and ethno-racial biases affected Black and Latino(a) families' follow-through.

Conclusion:
Our findings highlight how the lack of coordination between sectors resulted in the dismissal of parental concerns or denial of services by 1 system or the other, thus, at the very least reducing the child's chances for earlier intervention and treatment. We also identified potential benefits to children when the barriers of poverty and ethnoracial bias are addressed by professionals with coordinated actions, and new systems are developed for sharing developmental screening results and partnering to coordinate care across the preschool and primary healthcare settings.
Exosomes for Treating Hair Loss: A Review of Clinical Studies
Authors: Queen Dawn , Avram Marc R. 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND
The regenerative properties of exosomes make them especially appealing to treat skin and hair diseases. Preclinical studies suggest that exosomes may fuel hair growth by stimulating dermal papilla cells, activating hair follicle stem cells, and promoting angiogenesis. However, very limited data are available on the safety and efficacy of exosome use in human subjects.

OBJECTIVE
To review the published literature on exosome use in human subjects with a focus on safety and the challenges facing clinical implementation in the treatment of androgenetic and nonscarring alopecias.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A review was conducted of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases and included 48 studies. Twenty-five studies were clinical trials, 14 case reports, 4 case series, 1 retrospective review, and 4 conference abstracts.

RESULTS
Nine clinical studies were found relevant to alopecia. One hundred twenty-five patients received an exosome treatment for hair loss. Side effects were rare. However, in the broader field of dermatology, at least 10 serious adverse events have been reported.

CONCLUSION
Although exosomes have many promising therapeutic applications, there is demand for larger well-designed clinical trials with extended follow-up periods to prove efficacy and a need for consistent manufacturing standards and regulatory oversight to ensure product safety.
Midclavicle block
Authors: Labandeyra Hipólito , Váldes-Vilches Luis F. , Prats-Galino Alberto , Sala-Blanch Xavier 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND
Recent studies indicate that clavipectoral fascia plane block (CPB) efficacy may stem from injectate distribution to the anterosuperior clavicular periosteum. We conducted an anatomical study combining the CPB with injection within the subclavius muscle.

OBJECTIVE
Our hypothesis was that the anaesthetic injectate would fully cover both the anterosuperior and posteroinferior surfaces of the clavicular periosteum in the midclavicular region.

DESIGN
Observational human cadaver study.

SETTING
Laboratory of Surgical Neuroanatomy, Unit of Anatomy and Human Embryology of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona.

PARTICIPANTS
Five fresh human cadavers.

INTERVENTIONS
The cadavers received both a CPB and subclavius muscle injections under ultrasound guidance in 10 clavicular regions.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
After the procedures on the cadaveric models, an anatomical dissection by planes was performed to evaluate the distribution pattern of methylene blue on the clavicular periosteum. A probabilistic map of the colour spectrum and staining temperature on the clavicular surfaces was generated.

RESULTS
Methylene blue stained 37 ± 16% of the anterosuperior surface and 23 ± 13% of the posteroinferior surface of the clavicular periosteum, particularly in the middle third of each surface. Although the staining did not achieve complete circumferential coverage or perfect alignment between the surfaces, the areas exhibited a close relationship, indicating significant distribution and relevant coverage.

CONCLUSION
Our anatomical study demonstrates that the midclavicular block achieves effective distribution around the middle third of the clavicle, although complete circumferential anaesthesia of the clavicular periosteum was not achieved. Although this block may provide periosteal and bone anaesthesia, it does not address other sources of pain, such as muscle spasms and skin components. Additional clinical studies are needed to evaluate the overall efficacy of this dual block technique for clavicle surgery.
Cholestatic insult triggers alcohol-associated hepatitis in mice
Authors: Yan Shengmin , Lin Zhen , Ma Michelle , Arasteh Ailar , Yin Xiao-Ming 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) is a severe, potentially life-threatening form of alcohol-associated liver disease with limited therapeutic options. Existing evidence shows that biliary dysfunction and cholestasis are common in patients with AH and are associated with poorer prognosis. However, the role of cholestasis in the development of AH is largely unknown. We aimed to examine the hypothesis that cholestasis can be an important etiology factor for AH.

Methods:
To study the interaction of cholestasis and alcohol, chronically ethanol (EtOH)-fed mice were challenged with a subtoxic dose of α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT), a well-studied intrahepatic cholestasis inducer. Liver injury was measured by biochemical and histological methods. RNAseq was performed to determine hepatic transcriptomic changes. The impact of inflammation was assessed using an anti-LY6G antibody to deplete the neutrophils and DNase I to degrade neutrophil extracellular traps.

Results:
ANIT synergistically enhanced liver injury following a 4-week EtOH feeding with typical features of AH, including increased serum levels of ALT, AST, and total bile acids, cholestasis, necrosis, neutrophil infiltration, and accumulation of neutrophil extracellular traps. RNAseq revealed multiple genes uniquely altered in the livers of EtOH/ANIT-treated mice. Analysis of differentially expressed genes suggested an enrichment of genes related to inflammatory response. Anti-LY6G antibody or DNase I treatment significantly inhibited liver damage in EtOH/ANIT-treated mice.

Conclusions:
Our results support the hypothesis that cholestasis can be a critical contributor to the pathogenesis of AH. A combined treatment of EtOH and ANIT in mice presents biochemical, histological, and molecular features similar to those found in patients with AH, suggesting that this treatment scheme can be a useful model for studying Alcohol-associated Cholestasis and Hepatitis (AlChoHep).
How do intraocular lens materials influence the outcome of cataract surgery?
Authors: Grzybowski Andrzej , Auffarth Gerd U. , LaHood Benjamin R. 
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review
This review summarizes the evidence on the effect of intraocular lens (IOL) material on the outcomes of cataract surgery, as well as on the surgical procedure itself.

Recent findings
Differences in capsular biocompatibility between IOL materials lead to variations in capsular stability and posterior capsule opacification (PCO), while differences in uveal biocompatibility affect postoperative inflammatory response.

Summary
Refractive outcomes are affected by both incision size and the rotational stability of toric IOLs. Small incision sizes favour hydrophilic IOLs. Rotational stability of hydrophobic and hydrophilic IOLs were comparable in recent studies. Visual outcomes are affected by chromatic aberrations, dysphotopsia, lens opacifications and PCO. Hydrophilic IOLs are associated with reduced chromatic dispersion. Hydrophobic IOL opacifications are caused by sub-surface glistenings, while hydrophilic IOL opacifications are due to surface calcifications. Some surgeries, including pars plana vitrectomy and lamellar corneal transplants, were shown to increase the risk of IOL calcifications, although the mechanism is still unknown. Hydrophilic IOLs have greater ease of manipulation, greater resistance to IOL damage, and higher uveal biocompatibility. Hydrophobic IOLs show better PCO prevention than hydrophilic IOLs, and should be preferred in highly myopic eyes where Nd:YAG capsulotomy might increase the risk of retinal detachment.
Pseudophakic cystoid macular edema
Authors: Fouad Yousef A. , Karimaghaei Sam , Elhusseiny Abdelrahman M. , Alagorie Ahmed R. , Brown Andrew D. , Sallam Ahmed B. 
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review
Pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME) is the most common postoperative complication of cataract surgery, resulting in visual decline. In this review, we discuss its pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, and the current available evidence on therapeutic management.

Recent findings
Patients with diabetes mellitus have twice the risk of developing PCME as compared to nondiabetic individuals. Recent large database studies have revealed an increased risk among young, male, and black patients. A previous history of PCME is perhaps the strongest risk factor for fellow eye involvement.

Summary
PCME generally occurs around 6 weeks postoperatively and is likely a consequence of postoperative inflammation with disruption of the blood-queous and blood-retina barriers. Optical coherence tomography of the macula servers as a key diagnostic tool. There is a lack of large controlled clinical trials to guide treatment approaches. We recommend a stepwise approach for PCME that includes observation if not visually significant versus treatment with topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and steroids if symptomatic. Refractory cases can be treated with a periocular steroid injection, followed by intravitreal steroids if still nonresponsive.
The Association Between Intermittent Fasting and Glaucoma
Authors: Schulz Marlow , Ding Leona , Feng Shu , Chen Andrew , Chen Philip P. , Bojikian Karine D. 
Published: October 2024

Précis:
Intermittent fasting was not associated with a decreased risk of glaucoma diagnosis overall.

Objective:
To examine the association between intermittent fasting (“breakfast skipping”) and glaucoma in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Patients and Methods:
Retrospective, cross-sectional study of adult participants of the 2005–2008 NHANES aged 40 years and older. Intermittent fasting was defined as skipping breakfast on both days of the NHANES dietary interview. Glaucoma was defined by (1) self-reported glaucoma diagnosis, (2) cup-to-disc (CDR) ≥0.6 in at least one eye, and (3) possible, probable, or definite glaucoma based on clinical judgment of retinal imaging of individuals with CDR ≥0.6 in at least one eye. Covariates included age, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index, blood pressure, and waist circumference. χ2 and Fisher exact test were used for categorical variables and the t test for continuous variables. All data were weighted based on the NHANES multistage sampling design.

Results:
The population included 7081 individuals 40 years or older, of whom 946 (13.4%) reported skipping breakfast on both interview days; 482 (6.8%) individuals self-reported glaucoma diagnosis, 549 (7.8%) individuals had glaucoma based on CDR ≥0.6, and 343 (6.0%) individuals had glaucoma based on clinical judgment. Diagnosis of glaucoma by all definitions was associated with older age and black or Latinx/Hispanic ethnicity (P = 0.004) but was not associated with intermittent fasting status (P = 0.151).

Conclusions:
In the 2005–2008 NHANES population, intermittent fasting, defined as breakfast skipping, was not associated with decreased risk of glaucoma diagnosis overall. Further studies are needed to examine the potential effects of intermittent fasting on glaucoma risk.
Does targeted temperature management at 33 °C improve outcome after cardiac arrest?
Authors: Skrifvars Markus B. , Abella Benjamin S. 
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review
Following successful resuscitation from cardiac arrest, a complex set of pathophysiologic processes are acutely triggered, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality. Postarrest management remains a major challenge to critical care providers, with few proven therapeutic strategies to improve outcomes. One therapy that has received substantial focus is the intentional lowering of core body temperature for a discrete period of time following resuscitation. In this review, we will discuss the key trials and other evidence surrounding TTM and present opposing arguments, one ‘against’ the use of postarrest TTM and another ‘for’ the use of this therapeutic approach.

Recent findings
Targeted temperature management, has been a topic of enormous controversy, as recently a number of clinical trials show conflicting results on the effect of TTM. Fundamental questions, about the dosing of TTM (e.g. use at 33 °C versus higher temperatures), or the use of TTM at all (as opposed to passive fever avoidance), remain active topics of global discussion. Systematic reviews on this topic also show variable results.

Summary
There are several arguments for and against the use of TTM targeting 33 °C for alleviating brain injury after cardiac arrest. More studies are on the way that will hopefully provide more robust evidence and hopefully allow for consensus on this important topic.
miRNA packaging into small extracellular vesicles and implications in pain
Authors: DaCunza Jason T. , Wickman Jason R. , Ajit Seena K. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogenous group of lipid bilayer bound particles naturally released by cells. These vesicles are classified based on their biogenesis pathway and diameter. The overlap in size of exosomes generated from the exosomal pathway and macrovesicles that are pinched off from the surface of the plasma membrane makes it challenging to isolate pure populations. Hence, isolated vesicles that are less than 200 nm are called small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). Extracellular vesicles transport a variety of cargo molecules, and multiple mechanisms govern the packaging of cargo into sEVs. Here, we discuss the current understanding of how miRNAs are targeted into sEVs, including the role of RNA binding proteins and EXOmotif sequences present in miRNAs in sEV loading. Several studies in human pain disorders and rodent models of pain have reported alterations in sEV cargo, including miRNAs. The sorting mechanisms and target regulation of miR-939, a miRNA altered in individuals with complex regional pain syndrome, is discussed in the context of inflammation. We also provide a broad overview of the therapeutic strategies being pursued to utilize sEVs in the clinic and the work needed to further our understanding of EVs to successfully deploy sEVs as a pain therapeutic.