bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calibration of the microphone sensitivity below 0.5 Hz using the liquid-column-type sound pressure generator
Authors: Yamada Keisuke , Hirano Koto , Takahashi Hironobu , Nozato Hideaki 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The demand for infrasound monitoring has increased to effectively gather information regarding its source phenomena, such as volcanic explosions, tsunamis, and nuclear explosions. To capture infrasound signals, an array of infrasound sensors, including microphones and micro-barometers, has been deployed internationally and locally. Nevertheless, achieving a precise analysis remains challenging because of inconsistencies among different sensor outputs. To ensure the reliability of the measurements, the calibration of sensors below a few Hz, where traceable calibration has not been verified, is required. This paper presents a specialized calibration system designed for infrasonic frequencies. Inspired by a liquid-column manometer, this system uniquely uses the low-frequency vibration of the liquid-column to generate sound pressure, offering three distinct advantages. First, dissimilar to the existing calibration methods, this method eliminates sound pressure leakage by sealing an open end of a closed cylinder with liquid. In addition, the influence of heat conduction is mitigated by direct measurement of the liquid level fluctuation. Finally, the generated sound pressure can be simply calculated if the water level difference in and outside the cylinder is known. Two types of microphones, Brüel & Kjær (BK) Types 4160 and 4193, were calibrated within a frequency range of 0.01 Hz–2 Hz. The results demonstrated that the pressure sensitivity of BK Type 4160 calibrated by this method agreed with the sensitivity calibrated by the laser pistonphone method within 0.1 dB at 0.5 Hz. Furthermore, at lower frequencies, the frequency response calibrated using the proposed method was consistent with the response evaluated by comparison with a barometer. Similar results were obtained for the free-field sensitivity of BK Type 4193. The study findings confirmed the ability of the proposed system to calibrate different types of microphones.
Study on after-pulses of FPMTs
Authors: Chen Lingyue , Ma Lishuang , Huang Guorui , Hua Zhehao , Jin Muchun , Jin Zhen , Qian Sen , Ren Ling , Si Shuguang , Sun Jianning , Wu Qi , Wang Xingchao , Wang Yifang , Wang Zhi , Wang Ning , Wu Kai , Zhang Haoda ,   the MCP-PMT workgroup
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The small-sized Micro-Channel Plate Photomultiplier Tube
(MCP-PMT), also called Fast-timing PMT (FPMT), has gained
significant attention across various fields due to its single-photon
detection capability and great time resolution. The after-pulses are
spurious pulses occurring after the main pulse and cannot be
distinguished from the true signals, which means the occurrence of
the after-pulses can contribute to the noise of the FPMT. In this
study, the waveforms of the FPMTs were recorded by a
high-sampling-rate oscilloscope, and we measured the after-pulse
characteristics of different types of FPMTs, including the time
distribution and the after-pulse rate. The causes of different
after-pulse groups are also analyzed. Additionally, we conducted a
comparative analysis of the distinct properties of after-pulses in
different types of FPMTs.
One-shot manufacturable soft-robotic pump inspired by embryonic tubular heart
Authors: Lee Kyoung Jin , Lee Jung Chan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Soft peristaltic pumps, which use soft ring actuators instead of mechanical pistons or rollers, offer advantages in transporting liquids with non-uniform solids, such as slurry, food, and sewage. Recent advances in 3D printing with flexible thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) present the potential for single-step fabrication of these pumps, distinguished from handcrafted, multistep traditional silicone casting methods. However, because of the relatively high hardness of TPU, TPU-based soft peristaltic pumps contract insufficiently and thus cannot perform as well as silicone-based ones. Improving the performance is crucial for fully automated, one-step manufactured soft pumps to lead to industrial use. This study aims to enhance TPU-based soft pumps through bioinspired design. Specifically, it proposed a design inspired by embryonic tubular hearts, in contrast to previous studies that mimicked digestive tracts. The new design facilitated long-axis stretching of an elliptical lumen during non-concentric contractile motion, akin to embryonic tubular hearts. The design was optimized for ring actuators and pumps 3D-printed with shore hardness 85 A TPU filament. The ring actuator achieved over 99% lumen closure with the best designs. The soft pumps transported water at flow rates of up to 218 ml min−1 and generated a maximum discharge pressure of 355 mm Hg, comparable to the performance of blood pumps used in continuous renal replacement therapy.
Impact of the Russian invasion on wheat biomass in Ukraine
Authors: Antonenko Veronika , Bitar Ahmad Al , Danylenko Iuliia , Wijmer Taeken , Colin Jérôme , Dejoux Jean-François , Lefebvre Antoine , Knibbe Maxime , Ceschia Eric , Gascoin Simon 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Ukraine was the seventh-biggest worldwide producer of wheat in 2021 before the Russian invasion. The war caused a disruption of the global wheat market but the impact on the different levels of the production chain remains unclear. Here we leverage high resolution satellite imagery and crop modeling to analyze specifically the impact of the war on the evolution of the dry aboveground biomass in wheat fields. We compare the Kherson region, a battlefield occupied by the Russian army in 2022 with the Poltava region which was not invaded. We also compare the wheat biomass in both regions in 2022 with the two previous years before the war. We find that the wheat biomass sharply declined in the Kherson region in 2022 only. We interpret this result as a consequence of the abandonment of invaded land by farmers. The lack of agricultural management, in particular the lack of fertilization and irrigation could explain the reduced crop growth in summer, thereby contributing to shortages in the wheat production chain.
Smallholder RSPO certification, economic benefits and agrochemical use
Authors: Renner Sebastian , Ruml Anette , Lakemann Tabea , Nuryartono Nunung , Tjoa Aiyen , Corre Marife D , Lay Jann 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Sustainability standards, such as the Roundtable for Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO), can potentially mitigate the trade-offs between economic benefits and environmental harm of oil palm expansion. Using unique primary household and farm level panel data collected from Jambi Province, Indonesia, we first document the differences in agricultural inputs and outputs between certified and non-certified smallholder farmers. Second, we illustrate the potential implications and mechanisms of certification. In this study, therefore, we aim to first document agricultural input and output differences between certified and non-certified smallholder farmers, second to illustrate potential effects of certification with observational data and third to provide guidance for future rigorous causal analyses. We find generally positive correlations between RSPO certification, land productivity, profits, and fertilizer use, and a negative correlation with toxic herbicide use. However, we do not find price premiums for RSPO-certified farmers. Overall, the results of this study are indicative of potentially modest effects of RSPO-certification that may operate through higher productivity due to improved management practices that remain agrochemical intensive but avoid some particularly harmful chemicals. Our findings are relevant to better understand the strong sustainability claims of RSPO marketing and to provide guidance for rigorous causal experimental and quasi-experimental studies.
Significant shift of footprint patterns and pollutant source contributions: insights from observations at Shanghuang observatory, East China
Authors: Ye Jing , Zhang Yuting , Yao Weijie , Liu Hang , Lei Shandong , Zhang Yinzhou , Zhang Junbo , Li Sinan , Lv Song , Wu Lin , Tang Xiao , Sun Yele , Xin Jinyuan , Li Jie , Wang Zifa , Liu Lanzhong , Su Hang , Pan Xiaole 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
As two of the most important products of the combustion process, carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) are commonly used as tracers for combustion source assignment. Their relationship will help to better understand the regional carbon cycle and assess climate forcing effects. In this study, mixing ratios of CO2 and CO were continuously measured using a Picarro gas concentration analyzer at the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Eco-Environmental Shanghuang Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ABLECAS) throughout 2022–2023. The variability of the mixing ratio of CO to CO2 (ΔCO/ΔCO2) in a 1 h time interval was calculated based on linear slope analysis after background values were determined and subtracted. The results showed that the mixing ratio of CO had a clear seasonal variability with a moderate increase in the spring (249.1 ± 59.6 part per billion (ppb)) and winter (257.8 ± 90.3 ppb), mostly due to more frequent transport from north of the Yangtze River. ΔCO/ΔCO2 at the ABLECAS varied with air mass origin, with a linear slope 0%–1% on a 1 h basis. Relatively high ΔCO/ΔCO2 values for an air mass from the north in the winter indicate that the emission sources had lower combustion efficiency. In summer, the ΔCO/ΔCO2 ratio mostly reflected the background conditions for air masses from marine areas. The potential source regions and contribution assignments were evaluatedat the ABLECAS according to source–receptor relationship analysis using the FLEXPART model with CO as a pollutant tracer from 2015 to 2023. We found that the footprint of an air mass had a clear transition period between 2018 and 2019, and a synoptic anomaly, related to Arctic Oscillation strength and west Pacific subtropical high position, plays a key role in influencing the pollutant transport patterns. This study provides a scientific basis for the formulation of air quality regulation policy, and helps to implement the national carbon neutralization strategy.
Application of electron beam melting method for recycling of tantalum scrap
Authors: Vutova Katia , Stefanova Vladislava , Iliev Peter 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The paper presents a study on the refining efficiency of tantalum scrap when applying the electron beam melting method to recycle tantalum material. Thermodynamic analysis and experimental tests were carried out at different technological regimes to determine the optimal conditions for obtaining tantalum with high purity. The behavior of the controlled impurities (W, Nb, Mn, Ce, Cr, Mo, Al, Fe, etc) and the influence of the thermodynamic and kinetic technological parameters (temperature, melting time) on the refining efficiency of the studied material were investigated. At a temperature of 3700 K and a melting time of 10 min, the highest overall degree of refinement of 98.82% and the highest tantalum purity of 99.987% were achieved.
Performance for CO gas sensing of janus ReSSe monolayer doped with Fe, Ru and Os from first principles calculation
Authors: Zhu Jianguo , Ma Bo , Chen Yeting , Shi Diwei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have many excellent properties as promising class of two-dimensional materials. In this study, we conducted rigorous calculations utilizing density functional theory to evaluate the potential of Janus ReSSe monolayers, doped with transition metals such as Fe, Ru, and Os, in gas-sensitive applications specifically targeting CO detection. Three stable structures of X-Re15S16Se16 Janus doped with X elements (X = Fe, Os, Ru) were designed. Our findings indicate that the C atom of the CO molecule exhibits a higher affinity for adsorbing onto the X (X = Fe, Os, Ru) transition metal atoms, forming robust X–C bonds, rather than the O atom. Among these bonds, the Os-C bond exhibits the strongest bonding states, followed by the Ru-C bond, while the Fe-C bond behaves the weakest. Notably, the d-orbital peaks of the X (X = Fe, Os, Ru) transition metals display distinct bonding strengths with the C atom. This research may provide a theoretical foundation for the development of new gas sensors based on two-dimensional materials.
Tempering behavior and mechanical properties of tempered AISI H13 steel
Authors: Kwon Gi-Hoon , Choi Byoungho , Lee Young-Kook , Moon Kyoung Il 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Microstructural evolutions of AISI H13 steel during tempering were quantitatively investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffractometer (XRD), impact test machine, rockwell hardness tester, ball-on-disk tester in order to describe the main mechanism of softening. Under the condition that the tempering time is 2 h, the hardness increases slightly as the tempering temperature increases, but decreases rapidly when the tempering temperature exceeds 500 °C, while the impact energy increases in proportion to the tempering temperature. Friction tests were conducted in dry condition with a load of 30 N, and the friction coefficient and wear rate according to tempering conditions were measured to prove the correlation with hardness and microstructure. In addition, primary tempering from 300 °C to 700 °C was performed at various times to establish a kinetic model to predict hardness under specific tempering conditions.
Plasticity and phase transition in ramp-compressed single-crystal zirconium
Authors: Adamou I , Amadou N , Nassirou Hassan M A , Moussa Hassane A , Batouré A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Non-Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics Simulations have been used to investigate plasticity and phase transition in single-crystal zirconium under ramp compression, with piston maximum velocities ranging from 600 to 1400m.s
−1. The zirconium is found to yield via twinning deformation. Then, a direct transition from the α-phase to the high-pressure β-phase is observed, in agreement with recent experimental observations, under picosecond laser compression using ultrafast x-ray diffraction diagnostics. As the maximum ramp velocity is increased from 600 to 1400m.s
−1, the onset pressure of the phase transition is found to evolve from 22.6 ± 0.15 to 24.1 ± 0.4 GPa while the increase in the temperature behind the phase transition front varies from 179 ± 6 to 784 ± 48 K. The mechanism of this transition at the atomic level is consistent with the Burgers mechanism. Since the transition occurs after twinning plastic deformation, a sizeable fraction of fcc atoms is observed, which increases as the ramp evolves into a shock wave. These observations are consistent with previous theoretical simulations and experiments and contribute to understanding the response of single-crystal zirconium under dynamic compression.
Zero momentum topological insulator in 2D semi-Dirac materials
Authors: García Olmos Marta , Baba Yuriko , Amado Mario , Molina Rafael A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Semi-Dirac materials in 2D present an anisotropic dispersion relation, linear along one direction and quadratic along the perpendicular one. This study explores the topological properties and the influence of disorder in a 2D semi-Dirac Hamiltonian. Energy-dependent edge states appear only in one direction, localized on either the upper or lower edge of the nanoribbon determined by their particle or hole character. Their topological protection can be rigorously founded on the Zak phase of the one-dimensional reduction of the semi-Dirac Hamiltonian, that depends parametrically on one of the momenta. In general, only a single value of the momentum, corresponding to a zero energy mode, is topologically protected. We explore the dependence on the disorder of the edge states and the robustness of the topological protection in these materials. We also explore the consequences of the topological protection of the zero-momentum state in the transport properties for a two-terminal configuration.
An efficient hardware implementation of SHA-3 using 3D cellular automata for secure blockchain-based IoT systems
Authors: Guitouni Zied , Ammar Noeman , Machhout Mohsen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper introduces an innovative hardware implementation of the Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA-3) using three-dimensional cellular automata (3D-CA) for secure blockchain-based IoT systems. Our approach optimizes the SHA-3 algorithm by leveraging the parallel processing capabilities of 3D-CA, addressing the computational challenges in resource-constrained Internet of Things (IoT) environments. Our proposed design is implemented on various Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) circuits. The obtained results demonstrate the potential of our design to address the demands of blockchain-based IoT systems effectively. Furthermore, a comparative analysis reveals that our hardware implementation offers competitive performance compared to previous works. To ensure security and validate output randomness, the design undergoes rigorous evaluation using the Strict Avalanche Criterion (SAC) and the NIST Statistical Test Suite (STS). The results demonstrate that the proposed architecture exhibits high sensitivity to input changes while maintaining robust resistance against cryptanalytic attacks.
Drilling parameter optimisation for three-dimensional prints of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
Authors: Gupta Neel Kamal , Bhatt Shaurya , Rakesh Pawan Kumar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Over the past decade, additive manufacturing has transformed the industry, leading to a range of innovative products. In this study, the acrylonitrile butadiene styrene specimen was produced using the fused deposition modeling process. To assess the effectiveness of additive manufacturing parts in final product development, it’s crucial to establish the optimal drilling process parameters to minimize thrust force and torque. The investigation utilized two different drill geometries. Drilling with an end mill resulted in a 24.22% reduction in thrust force and a 12.37% decrease in torque compared to using a twist drill. Additionally, factors such as orientation, infill density, feed rate, and drill geometry have a significant impact on drilling forces.
Stability results of octahedrality in tensor product spaces
Authors: Rueda Zoca Abraham 
Published: October 2024

We prove that there exists a finite-dimensional Banach space

X
X

such that

L
1

C

(
[
0
,
1
]
)

⊗
^

ε

X

L_1^\mathbb C([0,1])\widehat {\otimes }_\varepsilon X

fails the strong diameter two property and

L
∞

C

(
[
0
,
1
]
)

⊗
^

π

X
∗

L_\infty ^\mathbb C([0,1])\widehat {\otimes }_\pi X^*

fails to have an octahedral norm. This proves that the octahedrality of the norm (respectively the strong diameter two property) is not automatically inherited from one factor by taking projective tensor product (respectively injective tensor product), which answers Question 4.4 in Langemets, Lima, and Rueda Zoca [Rev. R. Acad. Cienc. Exactas Fís. Nat. Ser. A Mat. RACSAM 111 (2017), no. 3, pp. 841–853].
Why ain’t evidentialists rich?
Authors: Weatherson Brian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A common argument for favouring Evidential Decision Theory (EDT) over Causal Decision Theory (CDT) is that EDT has predictably higher expected returns in Newcomb Problems. But this does not show much. For almost any pair of theories, you can come up with cases where one does, on average, better than the other. Here I describe a case involving dynamic choice where EDT predictably does worse than CDT.
vSPACE: exploring virtual spatial representation of articular chondrocytes at the single-cell level
Authors: Zhang Chenyu , Wang Honglin , Chung Yeonsoo , Hong Seung-Hyun , Olmer Merissa , Swahn Hannah , Lotz Martin , Maye Peter , Rowe David , Shin Dong-Guk 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Summary
vSPACE is a web-based application presenting a spatial representation of scRNAseq data obtained from human articular cartilage by emulating the concept of spatial transcriptomics technology, but virtually. This virtual 2D plot presentation of human articular cartage cells generates several zonal distribution patterns, for one or multiple genes at a time, revealing patterns that scientists can appreciate as imputed spatial distribution patterns along the zonal axis.

Availability and implementation
vSPACE is implemented in Python Dash as a web-based toolbox designed for data visualization of zonal gene expression patterns in articular cartilage chondrocytes. This tool is freely accessible at: https://vspace.cse.uconn.edu/
The source code and extra materials for this service can be downloaded from: https://github.com/zhacheny/vSPACE
PCBS: an R package for fast and accurate analysis of bisulfite sequencing data
Authors: Lande Kathryn , Williams April E 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing is a powerful tool for analyzing chromatin methylation genome-wide, but analysis of whole-genome bisulfite data is slow, inflexible, and often inaccurate.

Results
We developed PCBS (Principal Component BiSulfite), a computationally efficient R package for Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing analysis that demonstrates remarkable accuracy and flexibility compared to current tools. PCBS identifies differentially methylated loci, differentially methylated regions, and offers novel functionality that allows for more targeted methylation analyses. PCBS uses minimal computational resources; a complete pipeline in mouse can run on a local RStudio instance in a matter of minutes.

Availability and implementation
PCBS is an R package available under a GNU GPLv3 license on GitHub: https://github.com/katlande/PCBS and CRAN: https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=PCBS. Instructions for use are available at: https://katlande.github.io/PCBS/.