bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of microscope‐based scanning software (Panoptiq) for the interpretation of cervicovaginal cytology specimens
Authors: Groen Ruben , Abe Kuniko , Yoon Han‐Seung , Li Zaibo , Shen Rulong , Yoshikawa Akira , Nitanda Takao , Shimizu Yukiko , Otsuka Isao , Fukuoka Junya 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUNDDigital pathology increasingly has been gaining the attention of pathologists worldwide. However, the application of digital cytology by Panoptiq (ViewsIQ, Vancouver, Canada) microscope‐based scanning software is relatively unexplored. Panoptiq enables the operator to combine low‐power panoramic digital images with z‐stacks at regions of interest with a significantly smaller image size than that obtained by whole‐slide scanning. The current study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of the use of Panoptiq in the digital interpretation of cervicovaginal cytology specimens in comparison with conventional light microscopy.METHODSA total of 100 liquid‐based cytology slides were selected sequentially. The dotted slides were reviewed and scanned, in which all dotted areas were scanned further by the ×20 objective with z‐stacks. The cases were reviewed by 4 pathologists and a cytotechnologist using conventional light microscopy and digital cytology images acquired by Panoptiq and interpreted based on the Bethesda classification system. The washout time was set as 3 weeks. The Cohen kappa coefficient was calculated to measure the agreement between the 2 modalities.RESULTSDigital cytology demonstrated an intermodality agreement among 3 observers who had sufficient training in digital pathology at concordance rates between 81% and 90% with kappa values between 0.76 and 0.86, whereas the other 2 observers who did not have sufficient training in digital pathology had lower agreement at a concordance rate of between 56% and 57%, with kappa values between 0.41 and 0.44.CONCLUSIONSPanoptiq appears to be feasible for the interpretation of cervicovaginal cytology specimens but requires adequate training in digital pathology. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125:918‐25. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Superconducting Tin Selenide/Niobium Diselenide Ferecrystals†
Authors: Grosse Corinna , Alemayehu Matti B. , Mogilatenko Anna , Chiatti Olivio , Johnson David C. , Fischer Saskia F. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractX‐ray diffraction, electron diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscopy images prove the structurally independent two‐dimensional layers of precisely m tin selenide bilayers and a single niobium diselenide trilayer in heterostructure thin films with a rotational disorder between them. The superconducting critical temperatures decrease systematically as m, the number of tin selenide layers, increases. However, all are lower than that known for isolated single niobium diselenide layers. This indicates a decoupling of these layers. A possible mechanism is a decrease in the density of states due to charge donation from the tin selenide layer.
Pretreatment Effect on Ceria‐Supported Gold Nanocatalysts for CO Oxidation: Importance of the Gold–Ceria Interaction
Authors: Ren Yuqing , Tang Ke , Wei Jingjing , Yang Hongxiao , Wei Huiying , Yang Yanzhao 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe encapsulated Au/CeO2 hollow composite shows the effects of different pretreatment conditions on CO oxidation, showing complete conversion temperatures for CO in the order O2 pretreatment (T100=74 °C)>N2 pretreatment (T100=142 °C)>CO pretreatment (T100=167 °C). Because of the good confinement provided by the uniform pores of as‐prepared CeO2, the size of deposited Au nanoparticles embedded in the pores of CeO2 can be well controlled. Pretreated Au/CeO2 catalysts have a good stability with no clear deactivation even after 70 h. A systematic characterization was performed by employing various techniques (XRD, H2 temperature‐programmed reduction, scanning transmission electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy) to understand the importance of the Au–CeO2 interaction. This revealed that the O2 pretreatment may result in (a) the migration of lattice oxygen atoms to the surface region and clearly increased number of oxygen vacancies in CeO2; (b) the increase of Au−Ox and Au−Ox−Ce bond lengths; (c) the creation of electron holes in the CeO2 substrate and electron deficiencies in Au nanoparticles as well as a strong Au–CeO2 interaction; and (d) increased number of bicarbonates on the surface and Auδ+−CO bonds were produced during CO oxidation. All these features are responsible for an overall enhanced activity of CO oxidation and high durability of the Au/CeO2 hollow composite.
Unhealthy complacency: The vulnerability of US hospitals to direct terrorist attacks
Authors: Finucane David J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSince the attacks of September 11, 2001, terrorists have demonstrated both the intent and capability to execute direct attacks on US public hospitals. Nonetheless, hospital administrators have basically ignored this threat, as they do not view hospitals as likely targets. Unfortunately, it may take a catastrophic event before policymakers appreciate this threat enough to take appropriate actions. However, analyzing and managing these threats is just another part of risk management, as the cost of doing so up front to protect against such loss is no different than other risk management assessments. While the threat may never be completely eradicated, failing to implement reasonable security measures to specifically address the threat of direct terrorist attacks leaves hospitals vulnerable to severe loss.
Tobacco cultivation as a driver of land use change and degradation in the miombo woodlands of south‐west Tanzania
Authors: Jew Eleanor K.K. , Dougill Andrew J. , Sallu Susannah M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMiombo woodlands support agriculture, biodiversity, and multiple ecosystem services across an extensive part of sub‐Saharan Africa. Miombo is frequently overutilised with deforestation and degradation resulting in significant land use and land cover change (LULCC). Understanding the drivers of LULCC is essential to achieving sustainable land management in miombo woodland regions. Within a remote miombo area of south‐west Tanzania in the Kipembawe Division, Mbeya Region, social survey and ecological data were used to identify the direct and indirect drivers of LULCC. Our findings show that tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) production results in an estimated annual deforestation rate of 4,134 ± 390 ha of undisturbed miombo woodland, of which 56.3 ± 11.8% is linked to the post‐harvest curing process. This deforestation represents 0.55 ± 0.06% of the wooded area of the Kipembawe Division. The perception of high incomes from tobacco cultivation has encouraged migration of both agriculturalists and pastoralists into the area, resulting in higher livestock numbers that lead to further degradation. Higher human populations need more woodland resources such as fuelwood and building materials and more farmland for food crops. Continued deforestation will reduce the long‐term profitability of tobacco cultivation due to a lack of fuel to cure the crop and could render production unviable. Action is urgently needed to conserve globally important biodiversity resources while enabling agricultural and pastoral activities to continue. Improved governance, together with sustainable land management strategies and diversification of livelihood strategies, can reduce dependence on tobacco cultivation and contribute to a sustainable future for this ecoregion.
Treatment of acne scarring with a novel fractionated, dual‐wavelength, picosecond‐domain laser incorporating a novel holographic beam‐splitter
Authors: Bernstein Eric F. , Schomacker Kevin T. , Basilavecchio Lisa D. , Plugis Jessica M. , Bhawalkar Jayant D. 
Published: September 2017

Background and ObjectivesFractional treatment with a dual wavelength 1,064 and 532 nm picosecond‐domain laser, delivering a 10 × 10 array of highly focused beamlets via a holographic optic, was investigated for the treatment of acne scars.StudyTwenty‐seven of 31 subjects completed the study, 19 were treated using 1,064 nm and 8 were treated at 532 nm, all having four‐monthly treatments. Blinded evaluation of digital images by three physician evaluators comparing pre‐ and 3‐month post‐treatment images measured efficacy using a 10‐point scale. Subject self‐assessment of treatment effects were also recorded. Safety was measured by recording subject discomfort scores and adverse effects.ResultsBlinded reviewers correctly identified the baseline image in 61 of the 81 image sets (75%), and baseline acne scar scores were 1.8 ± 0.7 and 1.8 ± 0.5 for the 1,064 and 532 nm cohorts, and decreased to 1.1 ± 0.5 (P < 0.001) and 1.1 ± 0.0 (P < 0.005), respectively. Post‐treatment erythema, mild edema, and petechiae were the only side effects noted.ConclusionThe 1,064 and 532 nm picosecond‐domain laser incorporating a 10 × 10 holographic beam‐splitting handpiece was found to be safe and effective for the treatment of facial acne scars. The treatments were well tolerated and the subjects experienced little to no downtime. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:796–802, 2017. © 2017 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Web‐accessible molecular modeling with Rosetta: The Rosetta Online Server that Includes Everyone (ROSIE)
Authors: Moretti Rocco , Lyskov Sergey , Das Rhiju , Meiler Jens , Gray Jeffrey J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe Rosetta molecular modeling software package provides a large number of experimentally validated tools for modeling and designing proteins, nucleic acids, and other biopolymers, with new protocols being added continually. While freely available to academic users, external usage is limited by the need for expertise in the Unix command line environment. To make Rosetta protocols available to a wider audience, we previously created a web server called Rosetta Online Server that Includes Everyone (ROSIE), which provides a common environment for hosting web‐accessible Rosetta protocols. Here we describe a simplification of the ROSIE protocol specification format, one that permits easier implementation of Rosetta protocols. Whereas the previous format required creating multiple separate files in different locations, the new format allows specification of the protocol in a single file. This new, simplified protocol specification has more than doubled the number of Rosetta protocols available under ROSIE. These new applications include pKa determination, lipid accessibility calculation, ribonucleic acid redesign, protein‐protein docking, protein‐small molecule docking, symmetric docking, antibody docking, cyclic toxin docking, critical binding peptide determination, and mapping small molecule binding sites. ROSIE is freely available to academic users at http://rosie.rosettacommons.org.
Critical Systems Thinking Review on Decentralized Drinking Water Management in Nauli City, Indonesia
Authors: Simbolon Jackwin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis paper is based on a PhD project that strives to assess the performance of decentralised drinking water management in the city of Nauli, Indonesia. The implementation of decentralised government system followed by decentralizing some functions including drinking water services, is unsatisfactory in providing access to drinking water for all residents in the city of Nauli. Nauli Municipality that has just split up as an autonomous local government under the decentralized government system in Indonesia, is facing conflicts in providing water provision to the society, since there are three public water companies in this region: PDAM of Nauli City, PDAM of Nauli District, and BLUD of the Samsoir Provincial Government. Furthermore, these governments and water companies seem to forget the main objective of government in water provision as stated in the Indonesia Constitution: to fully control the water and manage it for meeting the people's needs. The aim of this research is to apply Ulrich's critical systems heuristics (CSH) to address the following research questions: (i) how effective is the current decentralized water management system?; and (ii) how the current system can be improved and what ought to be done? Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A survey on educational process mining
Authors: Bogarín Alejandro , Cerezo Rebeca , Romero Cristóbal 
Published: September 2017

Educational process mining (EPM) is an emerging field in educational data mining (EDM) aiming to make unexpressed knowledge explicit and to facilitate better understanding of the educational process. EPM uses log data gathered specifically from educational environments in order to discover, analyze, and provide a visual representation of the complete educational process. This paper introduces EPM and elaborates on some of the potential of this technology in the educational domain. It also describes some other relevant, related areas such as intentional mining, sequential pattern mining and graph mining. It highlights the components of an EPM framework and it describes the different challenges when handling event logs and other generic issues. It describes the data, tools, techniques and models used in EPM. In addition, the main work in this area is described and grouped by educational application domains. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2018, 8:e1230. doi: 10.1002/widm.1230This article is categorized under:

Application Areas > Business and Industry
Application Areas > Education and Learning
Application Areas > Government and Public Sector
Retropharyngeal Parathyroid Glands: Important Differences
Authors: Gallagher James W. , Kelley Meghan L. , Yip Linwah , Carty Sally E. , McCoy Kelly L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntroductionIn primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), parathyroid ectopia is seen in up to 22% leading to more difficult surgery. We aimed to determine the rate and characteristics of retropharyngeal (RP) parathyroid glands.MethodsA prospective database was queried for patients with sporadic PHPT who had surgery from 1997 to 2016. The data of RP patients were compared to those who had surgery for sporadic PHPT over the same time period with hyperfunctioning parathyroids in anatomically normal positions (N).ResultsRP glands occurred in 47/3006 (1.6%) patients and were more common at reoperative than initial surgery (5.5 vs 1.4%, p < 0.01). RP patients had prior failed surgery more often than N patients (17 vs 3.1%, p < 0.01). Preoperative calcium levels (p = 0.06), PTH levels (p = 0.15), and mean gland weights (p = 0.07) were similar among groups. For RP glands, ultrasound imaging was negative in all but one patient, while 99mTc‐sestamibi accurately indicated a posterior midline position in only 13/47 (28%) and was negative in 21%. All RP glands were anatomically superior. RP patients more often required > 1 post‐resection intraoperative PTH level (36 vs 21%, p = 0.02). Failure due to persistent PHPT was more likely in RP patients (4.7 vs 2.1%, p = 0.2).ConclusionIn PHPT, hyperfunctioning RP glands are seen in 1.6% of cases and often associated with initial failure (17%). At reoperation, RP ectopia is 4X more common. RP glands are associated with a high rate of negative imaging, but imaging results suggestive of a midline abnormality can guide exploration. The RP space should be evaluated prior to ending an otherwise unfruitful surgery.
Wind tunnel experiments: saltation is necessary for wind-packing
Authors: SOMMER CHRISTIAN G. , LEHNING MICHAEL , FIERZ CHARLES 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTWind-packed snow in the form of slabs or crusts is an important part of alpine and polar snow covers. Yet, the formation process of such layers is poorly understood. For example, it remains unclear whether drifting snow is necessary for wind-packing or not. A better understanding of wind-packing could improve snow-cover models and avalanche danger forecasts and contribute to the assessment of mass balances in polar regions. We designed a closed-circuit, obround wind tunnel to study the process of wind crust formation. A SnowMicroPen was used to measure how the hardness of the snow evolved. The results show that no crust forms without saltation. Drifting snow is a necessary but not sufficient condition for wind-packing. The dynamics of erosion and deposition appear to be equally important.
Paradise for Whom? Conservatism and Progress in the Perception of Rio de Janeiro's Drinking-Water Supply, Sixteenth to Nineteenth Centuries
Authors: POETTERING JORUN 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis article examines the ways in which the perception of Rio de Janeiro's drinking water contributed to shaping the city's hydric management in colonial and imperial times. Even though the general assessment of climate and vegetation changed from paradisiacal to noxious in the second half of the eighteenth century in accordance with Enlightenment ideas, this had no effect on the locals’ appreciation of the city's drinking water. The criteria for evaluating the quality and quantity of available water were based on works from classical antiquity and remained essentially unchanged from early colonial times to the end of the empire. Not even population growth and increasing susceptibility to epidemics in the nineteenth century induced the authorities to reform the water supply system, as they were confident that the city was provided with good and abundant water by virtue of its natural predisposition.
Transmission of alcohol use disorder across three generations: a Swedish National Study
Authors: Kendler K. S. , Ohlsson H. , Sundquist J. , Sundquist K. 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundWhile risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD) is correlated in twins, siblings and parent-offspring pairs, we know little of how this syndrome is transmitted across three generations.MethodWe examined 685 172 individuals born in Sweden from 1980 to 1990 with four grandparents, and both parents alive in 1980. AUD was assessed in all these individuals from nationwide medical, criminal and pharmacy registries.ResultsAUD was stably transmitted across three generations. Parent-child and grandparent-grandchild tetrachoric correlations equaled +0.25 and +0.12, respectively. Grandchild AUD risk did not vary as a function of the sex of the parent or grandparent. However, from grandparents and parents, transmission to grandchildren was stronger in same-sex than opposite-sex pairs. Compared with a grandchild with unaffected parents and grandparents, risk for AUD with a grandparent but no parent affected, a parent but no grandparent affected or both affected increased approximately 70% and 3 and 4-fold, respectively. Grandchildren with ⩾2 grandparents affected had a 40% greater AUD risk than those with only one affected. Tetrachoric correlations for AUD between offspring and great-aunts/uncles, and aunts/uncles equaled +0.06 and +0.13, respectively.ConclusionsThe transmission of AUD in Sweden across three generations is relatively stable. An orderly pattern of resemblance is seen with correlations declining by approximately 50% between first and second, and second and third-degree relatives. While the transmission of risk from affected male and female relatives does not differ, we find consistent evidence for greater resemblance in same-sexv.opposite-sex across generational pairs of relatives.
Auditory hallucinations across the lifespan: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Maijer K. , Begemann M. J. H. , Palmen S. J. M. C. , Leucht S. , Sommer I. E. C. 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundAuditory Hallucinations (AH) are nowadays regarded as symptoms following a continuum; from a (transient) phenomenon in healthy individuals on one end to a symptom of (psychiatric) illnesses at the other. An accumulating number of epidemiological studies focused on the prevalence of AH in the general population, but results vary widely. The current meta-analysis aims to synthesize existing evidence on lifetime prevalence of AH across the lifespan.MethodsWe conducted a quantitative review and meta-analysis according to PRISMA guidelines. Studies were combined to calculate a mean lifetime general population AH prevalence rate. Moreover, prevalences were calculated for four age groups: children (5–12 years), adolescents (13–17 years), adults (18–60 years) and elderly (⩾60 years).ResultsWe retrieved 25 study samples including 84 711 participants. Mean lifetime prevalence rate of AH was 9.6% (95% CI 6.7–13.6%). The mean lifetime prevalence was similar in children (12.7%) and adolescents (12.4%), but these two groups differed significantly from the adults (5.8%) and the elderly (4.5%). Significant heterogeneity indicated that there is still dispersion in true prevalence rates between studies, even within the different age categories.ConclusionsCurrent meta-analysis shows that AH are quite common (up to one in ten individuals) in the general population during lifetime, with children and adolescents reporting these experiences significantly more often compared with adults and elderly. Large follow-up studies on the longitudinal course of AH are needed to reveal associated risk and resilience factors.
On geometry of interaction for polarized linear logic
Authors: HAMANO MASAHIRO , SCOTT PHILIP 
Published: September 2017

We present Geometry of Interaction (GoI) models for Multiplicative Polarized Linear Logic, MLLP, which is the multiplicative fragment of Olivier Laurent's Polarized Linear Logic. This is done by uniformly adding multi-points to various categorical models of GoI. Multi-points are shown to play an essential role in semantically characterizing the dynamics of proof networks in polarized proof theory. For example, they permit us to characterize the key feature of polarization, focusing, as well as being fundamental to our construction of concrete polarized GoI models.Our approach to polarized GoI involves following two independent studies, based on different categorical perspectives of GoI:
(i)Inspired by the work of Abramsky, Haghverdi and Scott, a polarized GoI situation is defined in which multi-points are added to a traced monoidal category equipped with a reflexive object U. Using this framework, categorical versions of Girard's execution formula are defined, as well as the GoI interpretation of MLLP proofs. Running the execution formula is shown to characterize the focusing property (and thus polarities) as well as the dynamics of cut elimination.(ii)The Int construction of Joyal–Street–Verity is another fundamental categorical structure for modelling GoI. Here, we investigate it in a multi-pointed setting. Our presentation yields a compact version of Hamano–Scott's polarized categories, and thus denotational models of MLLP. These arise from a contravariant duality between monoidal categories of positive and negative objects, along with an appropriate bimodule structure (representing ‘non-focused proofs’) between them.Finally, as a special case of (ii) above, a compact model of MLLP is also presented based on Rel (the category of sets and relations) equipped with multi-points.