bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlates of post‐traumatic growth following childhood and adolescent cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Turner Jasmin K. , Hutchinson Amanda , Wilson Carlene 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveA growing number of children and adolescents are experiencing and surviving cancer. This review aims to identify the demographic, medical, and psychosocial correlates of perceived post‐traumatic growth in individuals of any age who were affected by paediatric cancer. Findings will highlight protective factors that may facilitate post‐traumatic growth, allowing for directed social support, intervention, and follow‐up care.MethodsA systematic search based on the key concepts “post‐traumatic growth,” “neoplasms,” and “paediatric” retrieved 905 records from online databases: Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, PILOTS: Published International Literature on Traumatic Stress, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Eligible studies were appraised as excellent quality with a high level of interrater reliability. The results of 18 studies were synthesised.ResultsAfter the removal of outliers, post‐traumatic growth shared small, negative associations with time since diagnosis (r = −0.14) and time since treatment completion (r = −0.19), and small, positive associations with age at diagnosis (r = 0.20), age at survey (r = 0.17), post‐traumatic stress symptoms (r = 0.11), and social support (r = 0.25). Post‐traumatic growth was positively and moderately associated with optimism (r = 0.31).ConclusionsSeveral findings were consistent with a comparable meta‐analysis in adult oncology populations. Targeted social support, clinical intervention, and education may facilitate post‐traumatic growth. Longitudinal research in individuals affected by childhood and adolescent cancer would allow an examination of the effects of predictive variables on post‐traumatic growth over time.
Prognostic parameter for high risk prostate cancer patients at initial presentation
Authors: Kato Masashi , Kimura Kyosuke , Hirakawa Akihiro , Kobayashi Yumiko , Ishida Ryo , Kamihira Osamu , Majima Tsuyoshi , Funahashi Yasuhito , Sassa Naoto , Matsukawa Yoshihisa , Hattori Ryohei , Gotoh Momokazu , Tsuzuki Toyonori 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundHigh‐risk prostate cancer can be defined by a patient's Gleason score (GS), prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level, and clinical T (cT) stage, but a novel marker is needed due to heterogeneity of the disease. In this study, we evaluated whether intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC‐P) confirmed by needle biopsy is an adverse prognostic parameter for progression‐free survival (PFS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) in patients with high‐risk prostate cancer.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 204 patients with high‐risk prostate cancer treated by radical prostatectomy from 1991 to 2005 at Nagoya University and its affiliated hospitals. Data on each patient's PSA level, biopsy GS, cT stage, presence of Gleason pattern 5, presence of IDC‐P, percentage of the core involved with cancer, and maximum percentage of the core involved with cancer were analyzed.ResultsThe median follow‐up period was 108 months (range, 11‐257 months). Forty‐eight patients (24%) showed disease progression. Thirty‐four patients (17%) died of the disease during follow‐up. The IDC‐P component was detected in 74 (36%) needle biopsy samples. The 5‐, 10‐, and 15‐year CSS rates of the IDC‐P‐negative cases were 3.2%, 9.0%, and 23.7%; the corresponding rates of the IDC‐P‐positive cases were 23.9%, 33.7%, and 52.7%, respectively (P = 0.0001). In the Fine and Gray's model for PFS, IDC‐P, maximum percentage of the core involved with cancer, and cT stage were significantly associated (P = 0.013, P = 0.003, P = 0.007). In the Fine and Gray's model for CSS, only IDC‐P was significant (P = 0.027). In a multivariate Cox regression analysis, IDC‐P (P = 0.04; hazard ratio [HR], 1.95) and maximum percentage of the core involved with cancer (P = 0.021; HR, 0.43) were significant factors in predicting overall survival (OS).ConclusionsThe presence of IDC‐P in a needle biopsy was a prognostic factor for PFS, CSS, and OS in patients with high‐risk prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy. Multimodal pre‐and/or post‐ surgical therapy may be needed when IDC‐P is found in a needle biopsy specimen.
Estrogen receptor signaling in prostate cancer: Implications for carcinogenesis and tumor progression
Authors: Bonkhoff Helmut 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundThe androgen receptor (AR) is the classical target for prostate cancer prevention and treatment, but more recently estrogens and their receptors have also been implicated in prostate cancer development and tumor progression.MethodsRecent experimental and clinical data were reviewed to elucidate pathogenetic mechanisms how estrogens and their receptors may affect prostate carcinogenesis and tumor progression.ResultsThe estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) is the most prevalent ER in the human prostate, while the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is restricted to basal cells of the prostatic epithelium and stromal cells. In high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), the ERα is up‐regulated and most likely mediates carcinogenic effects of estradiol as demonstrated in animal models. The partial loss of the ERβ in HGPIN indicates that the ERβ acts as a tumor suppressor. The tumor promoting function of the TMPRSS2‐ERG fusion, a major driver of prostate carcinogenesis, is triggered by the ERα and repressed by the ERβ. The ERβ is generally retained in hormone naïve and metastatic prostate cancer, but is partially lost in castration resistant disease. The progressive emergence of the ERα and ERα‐regulated genes (eg, progesterone receptor (PR), PS2, TMPRSS2‐ERG fusion, and NEAT1) during prostate cancer progression and hormone refractory disease suggests that these tumors can bypass the AR by using estrogens and progestins for their growth. In addition, nongenomic estrogen signaling pathways mediated by orphan receptors (eg, GPR30 and ERRα) has also been implicated in prostate cancer progression.ConclusionsIncreasing evidences demonstrate that local estrogen signaling mechanisms are required for prostate carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Despite the recent progress in this research topic, the translation of the current information into potential therapeutic applications remains highly challenging and clearly warrants further investigation.
High throughput measurement of metabolism in planarians reveals activation of glycolysis during regeneration
Authors: Osuma Edie A. , Riggs Daniel W. , Gibb Andrew A. , Hill Bradford G. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPlanarians are outstanding models for studying mechanisms of regeneration; however, there are few methods to measure changes in their metabolism. Examining metabolism in planarians is important because the regenerative process is dependent on numerous integrated metabolic pathways, which provide the energy required for tissue repair as well as the ability to synthesize the cellular building blocks needed to form new tissue. Therefore, we standardized an extracellular flux analysis method to measure mitochondrial and glycolytic activity in live planarians during normal growth as well as during regeneration. Small, uninjured planarians showed higher rates of oxygen consumption compared with large planarians, with no difference in glycolytic activity; however, glycolysis increased during planarian regeneration. Exposure of planarians to koningic acid, a specific inhibitor of glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase, completely abolished extracellular acidification with little effect on oxygen consumption, which suggests that the majority of glucose catabolized in planarians is fated for aerobic glycolysis. These studies describe a useful method for measuring respiration and glycolysis in planarians and provide data implicating changes in glucose metabolism in the regenerative response.
Key‐factors and key‐stages that determine the leaf longevity of an evergreen broad‐leaved tree, Neolitsea sericea (Lauraceae) at different growing sites in southern Japan
Authors: Yukawa Junichi , Yamamura Kohji , Fujimoto Kenji , Tokuda Makoto , Muroya Shunichiro , Maki Tsukasa , Sadoshima Toshiaki , Fukuda Takeshi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractChronological distribution pattern of leaves is an important factor to determine plant productivity in relation to photosynthesis. Therefore, intensive studies of leaf longevity are essential in plant ecology. Leaf longevity of Neolitsea sericea (Lauraceae) was surveyed from 1972 to 1995. Mean leaf longevity varied from 5.6 to 53.8 months among different year classes of leaf emergence. To detect factors and stages determining the leaf longevity, we adopted the method of key‐factor/key‐stage analysis. We categorized N. sericea trees into four groups; short and tall trees in an evergreen broad‐leaved forest, short trees along the forest edge, and short trees in a Moso bamboo forest, where N. sericea grows as an understory plant. This categorization enabled us to realize how the factors and stages differently influenced leaf longevity at different sites. Four groups of factors (growing site, cecidomyiid gall induction, stem boring by a cerambycid, typhoon) and eight stages (every 6 month after leaf emergence until a leaf age of 48 months) were distinguished in the analysis. Effects of annual precipitation and annual mean temperature were evaluated separately. In a bamboo forest, cerambycid negatively affected leaf survival in the first year. In an evergreen broad‐leaved forest, cerambycid and typhoon affected leaf survival of short and tall trees but cerambycid damage was compensated in later stages. Short trees along the forest edge suffered severe leaf fall from typhoon but were positively affected by annual precipitation. This study gives suggestions for better understanding of chronological distribution patterns of leaves.
Seltene Tumordispositionssyndrome mit Manifestation im Kindesalter
Authors: Ripperger Tim , Wimmer Katharina , Kratz Christian 
Published: November 2017

Zusammenfassung
Bei etwa 7–10 % der pädiatrischen Krebspatienten werden zugrunde liegende Tumordispositionssyndrome (TDS) vermutet. Das Erkennen von TDS hat klinische Implikationen für die Krebsprävention und -früherkennung, die Krebstherapie und -nachsorge, die psychosoziale Unterstützung sowie die Beratung von Angehörigen und Identifizierung weiterer Anlageträger in den betroffenen Familien. Hinweise auf das Vorliegen eines TDS anhand von Eigen- und Familienanamnese, Untersuchungsbefund sowie gegebenenfalls Tumorhistologie und -genetik müssen daher möglichst früh erkannt werden, um bei Verdacht auf Vorliegen eines TDS eine humangenetische Beratung und gegebenenfalls genetische Diagnostik zu veranlassen. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zu TDS liefern Einblicke in die Biologie der Gewebe- und Tumorentwicklung und weisen auf mögliche Ansatzpunkte zielgerichteter Therapien hin. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt eine Übersicht über TDS mit erhöhtem Risiko für Wilms-Tumoren (Nephroblastome), Neuroblastome oder Medulloblastome. Zusätzlich werden zwei vergleichsweise neu beschriebene Syndrome mit breitem Neoplasiespektrum erläutert: die konstitutionelle Mismatch-Reparatur-Defizienz (CMMRD) und das DICER1-Syndrom. Neben der Erläuterung der klinischen Charakteristika und der genetischen Grundlagen werden für die tägliche Praxis Hinweise zur Indikation von genetischen Untersuchungen und Früherkennung bei TDS aufgeführt. Die Betreuung der Betroffenen und ihrer Angehörigen sollte möglichst interdisziplinär erfolgen. Forschung zu TDS, zum Beispiel im Rahmen von Registern für TDS, ist essenziell, um langfristig die medizinische Versorgung von Menschen zu verbessern, die bedingt durch konstitutionelle genetische Veränderungen ein erhöhtes Krebsrisiko haben.
Systems and synthetic biology approaches in understanding biological oscillators
Authors: Li Zhengda , Yang Qiong 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundSelf‐sustained oscillations are a ubiquitous and vital phenomenon in living systems. From primitive single‐cellular bacteria to the most sophisticated organisms, periodicities have been observed in a broad spectrum of biological processes such as neuron firing, heart beats, cell cycles, circadian rhythms, etc. Defects in these oscillators can cause diseases from insomnia to cancer. Elucidating their fundamental mechanisms is of great significance to diseases, and yet challenging, due to the complexity and diversity of these oscillators.ResultsApproaches in quantitative systems biology and synthetic biology have been most effective by simplifying the systems to contain only the most essential regulators. Here, we will review major progress that has been made in understanding biological oscillators using these approaches. The quantitative systems biology approach allows for identification of the essential components of an oscillator in an endogenous system. The synthetic biology approach makes use of the knowledge to design the simplest, de novo oscillators in both live cells and cell‐free systems. These synthetic oscillators are tractable to further detailed analysis and manipulations.ConclusionWith the recent development of biological and computational tools, both approaches have made significant achievements.
Lower cerebral blood flow in subjects with Alzheimer's dementia, mild cognitive impairment, and subjective cognitive decline using two‐dimensional phase‐contrast magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Leijenaar Jolien F. , van Maurik Ingrid S. , Kuijer Joost P.A. , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Scheltens Philip , Barkhof Frederik , Prins Niels D. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntroductionIn this cross‐sectional study, we aimed to detect differences in cerebral blood flow (CBF) between subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and subjective cognitive decline (SCD), using two‐dimensional phase‐contrast magnetic resonance imaging.MethodsWe included 74 AD patients (67 years, 51% female), 36 MCI patients (66 years, 33% female), and 62 patients with SCD (60 years, 32% female) from the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort. Patients with SCD are those who visited the memory clinic with subjective cognitive complaints without objective cognitive impairment. Whole‐brain CBF (mL/100 g/min) was calculated using total volume flow measured with two‐dimensional phase‐contrast magnetic resonance imaging and normalized for brain volume.ResultsMean CBF values (SD) were lower in AD compared to SCD (age and sex adjusted 70 ± 26 vs. 82 ± 24 mL/100 g/min, P < .05). Mean CBF values of MCI were comparable to AD. Across clinical groups, lower CBF was associated with lower scores on the Mini–Mental State Examination (age and sex adjusted stβ = 0.19 per mL/100 g/min; P = .02).DiscussionLower whole‐brain CBF is seen in AD patients compared to SCD patients and is associated with worse cognitive function.
Thickness estimation of supraglacial debris above ice cliff exposures using a high-resolution digital surface model derived from terrestrial photography
Authors: NICHOLSON L. , MERTES J. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTThe thickness of supraglacial debris cover controls how it impacts the ablation rate of underlying glacier ice, yet this quantity remains challenging to measure, particularly at glacier scales. We present a relatively straightforward, and cost-effective method to estimate debris thickness exposed above ice cliffs using simplified geometrical measurements from a high-resolution digital surface model (DSM), derived from a terrestrial photographic survey and a Structure from Motion with Multi-View Stereo workflow (SfM-MVS). As the ice surface relief beneath the debris cover is unknown, we assume it to be horizontal and provide error bounds based on characteristic ice-surface slope at the visible debris/ice interface. Debris thickness around the three sampled ice cliffs was highly variable (interquartile range of 0.80–2.85 m) and negatively skewed with a mean thickness of 2.08 ± 0.68 m. Manual, and high-frequency radar, determinations of debris thickness in the same area show similar thickness distributions, but statistically different mean debris thickness, due to local heterogeneity. Debris thickness values derived in this study all exceed estimates from satellite surface temperature inversions. Wider application of the method presented here would provide useful data for improving debris thickness approximations from satellite imagery.
Forest history, peatland development and mid- to late Holocene environmental change in the southern taiga forest of central European Russia
Authors: Novenko Elena Yu. , Tsyganov Andrey N. , Pisarchuk Natalia M. , Volkova Elena M. , Babeshko Kirill V. , Kozlov Daniil N. , Shilov Pavel M. , Payne Richard J. , Mazei Yuri A. , Olchev Alexander V. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the long-term ecological dynamics of boreal forests is essential for assessment of the possible responses and feedbacks of forest ecosystems to climate change. New data on past forest dynamics and peatland development were obtained from a peat sequence in the southern Valdai Hills (European Russia) based on pollen, plant macrofossil, micro-charcoal, peat humification, and testate amoeba analyses. The results demonstrate a dominance of broadleaved forests in the study area from 7000–4000 cal yr BP. Picea was initially a minor component of this forest but increased in cover rapidly with climatic cooling beginning at 4000 cal yr BP, becoming the dominant species. Broadleaved species persisted until 900 cal yr BP, with evidence for intensified felling and forest management over recent centuries. Over the last four hundred years there is evidence for widespread paludification and the establishment of Picea-Sphagnum forests. These data demonstrate how modern wet woodlands have been shaped by a combination of climatic and anthropogenic factors over several millennia. The results also demonstrate the value of a multiproxy approach in understanding long-term forest ecology.
Changes in CO2 Emission Sources in Mexico City Metropolitan Area Deduced from Radiocarbon Concentrations in Tree Rings
Authors: Beramendi-Orosco Laura E , González-Hernández Galia , Martínez-Reyes Angeles , Morton-Bermea Ofelia , Santos-Arévalo Francisco J , Gómez-Martínez Isabel , Villanueva-Díaz José 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe present radiocarbon (14C) in tree rings from Mexico City and a reconstruction of fossil CO2 concentrations for the last five decades, as part of a research program to understand the 14C dynamics in this complex urban area. Background values were established by 14C concentrations in tree rings from a nearby clean area. Agreement between background and NH-zone 2 values indicate Taxodium mucronatum is a good biomonitor for annual atmospheric 14C variations. Values for the urban tree rings were significantly lower than background values, indicating a 14C depletion from fossil CO2 emissions. There is an increasing trend of fossil CO2 between 1960 and 1990, in agreement with the population growth and the increasing demand for fossil fuels in Mexico City. Between 1990 and 2000, there is an apparent decrease in fossil CO2 concentration, increasing again after 2000. The decrease in 2000, despite being of the same magnitude as the overall uncertainty, may reflect environmental policies that improved the energy efficiency and reduced CO2 emissions in the area. The increase in fossil CO2 concentration between 2000 and 2010 may be attributable to the significant growth of motor vehicle usage in Mexico City, which made transportation the main energy-demanding and -emitting sector.
Ballot Order in Cueless Elections: A Comparison of Municipal and Provincial Elections in Québec
Authors: Tessier Charles , Blanchet Alexandre 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis paper studies the prevalence of ballot order effects in two different types of Canadian elections which differ greatly by the strength of party cues they provide to voters. Provincial elections are best described as a typical competition between well established and institutionalized parties, hence providing voters with strong party cues. Alternatively, municipal politics provide voters with much weaker party cues. We use electoral results from recent provincial and municipal elections in Québec and find ballot order effects in municipal elections but not in provincial ones. Although ballot order effects may also be the product of alphabetic preference bias, we argue that in any case these are cognitive biases that are ultimately the product of insufficient cues that voters need in order to cast well-informed votes. The paper, therefore, sheds some light on an understudied type of election in political science.
DING-GRADED MODULES AND GORENSTEIN GR-FLAT MODULES
Authors: MAO LIXIN 
Published: November 2017

AbstractLet R be a graded ring. We introduce the concepts of Ding gr-injective and Ding gr-projective R-modules, which are the graded analogues of Ding injective and Ding projective modules. Several characterizations and properties of Ding gr-injective and Ding gr-projective modules are obtained. In addition, we investigate the relationships among Gorenstein gr-flat, Ding gr-injective and Ding gr-projective modules.
Chronic heat stress and feed restriction affects carcass composition and the expression of genes involved in the control of fat deposition in broilers
Authors: DE ANTONIO J. , FERNANDEZ-ALARCON M. F. , LUNEDO R. , SQUASSONI G. H. , FERRAZ A. L. J. , MACARI M. , FURLAN R. L. , FURLAN L. R. 
Published: November 2017

SUMMARYHeat stress (HS) is among the major limiting factors to growth of broilers. Heat stress also results in changes in the characteristics of the carcass, such as an increase in fat deposition. The molecular mechanisms responsible for fat deposition in broilers as a response to HS remain unknown. The current study aimed to describe the molecular mechanisms associated with the effects of high temperature and feed restriction due to chronic heat exposure at 32 °C, and to describe the resulting changes in the growth performance and carcass characteristics of the broilers at 21 and 42 days of age. In the current study, 441 male Cobb-500®broilers were subjected to three treatments that differed in rearing temperature and feeding regime: chronic HS fedad libitum(HS/AL), thermoneutral environment fedad libitum(TN/AL) and TN and pair-feeding on the feed intake (FI) of the heat-exposed group (TN/PF). HS increased fat content in the breast and wings and decreased fat content in the legs, but did not influence abdominal fat. These effects occurred regardless of reducing consumption induced by HS. Furthermore, HS, independently of reduced FI, increased liver sterol-regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) mRNA in both ages and growth hormone receptor (GHR) mRNA at 42days, whereas feed restriction reducedGHRmRNA only at 21days. In conclusion, increased fat content in the breast and wings was accompanied by a higher gene expression ofGHRandSREBP-1, suggesting the involvement of both genes in the control of fat deposition in broilers exposed to HS.