bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Erforschung molekularer Aspekte homöopathischer Arzneiwirkungen
Authors: Khuda-Bukhsh Anisur Rahman 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungIn den letzten Jahren wurden mithilfe modernster Elektronenmikroskopie durch mehrere Autoren Nanopartikel von den Ausgangssubstanzen von Arzneien nachgewiesen. Während man annimmt, dass diese Nanopartikel von Arzneien in Hochpotenzen von der homöopathischen Potenzierung herrühren, haben wir mit einer wissenschaftlich anerkannten Methode Nanokapseln aus den Extrakten homöopathischer Urtinkturen und ihren biologisch aktiven Inhaltsstoffen produziert, wofür wir das nicht-toxische, biologisch abbaubare Polymer Poly(lactid-co-glycolid) nutzten sowie Mechanismus und Wirkungspfade ihrer biologischen Aktivität untersuchten.
Grundzüge Jean-Jacques Rousseaus zur Erziehung der Kinder
Authors: Stephan Heinrich 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungWährend der Französischen Revolution mussten neue, „republikanische“ Lehrmaterialien erstellt werden, um die pädagogischen Ziele einer staatlichen, laizistischen und naturgemäßen Erziehung zu erreichen. Dazu wurde 1794 ein öffentlicher Wettbewerb ausgeschrieben. Eines der hierzu eingereichten, anonym gebliebenen Werke diente als Vorlage für einen Erziehungsratgeber, der von Hahnemann als „Handbuch für Mütter“ für den deutschen Leser ergänzt und erheblich erweitert wurde. Die im Text nicht erkenntlichen Zusätze Hahnemanns werden anhand der Originalquellen verglichen.
Characterisation and Safety of Intraperitoneal Perioperative Administration of Antibacterial Agents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Fonnes Siv , Holzknecht Barbara , Arpi Magnus , Rosenberg Jacob 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Background Intraperitoneal drug administration applies treatment at the site of diseases with gynaecological, urological, or gastrointestinal origin. The objective of this systematic review was to investigate perioperative intraperitoneal administration of antibacterial agents to characterise the drugs used and their safety profile.
Methods A protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42016038956). A systematic review was conducted and reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A search was performed in PubMed and EMBASE on the 22nd of April 2016. The inclusion criteria were original articles involving at least 5 patients where antibacterial agents were administered intraperitoneally during or after abdominal surgery as prophylaxis or treatment of infection. Languages were limited to English, German, Danish, Norwegian, or Swedish articles.
Results 79 studies were included which used a total of 12 different antibacterial classes. Aminoglycosides, 1st and 2nd generation cephalosporins, tetracyclines, and penicillins were most commonly administered intraperitoneally during or after surgery. The antibacterial agent was usually administered intraperitoneally as monotherapy. However, some studies administered combination regimens with heparin or with another antibacterial agent. The most frequent combination was aminoglycosides and lincosamides. In total, 43% of studies lacked information regarding adverse events. The most frequently reported adverse event was discomfort or pain during administration, especially with use of oxytetracycline.
Conclusion At least 12 different classes of antibacterial agents have been administered intraperitoneally during or after surgery as prophylaxis or treatment of intraabdominal infections. Intraperitoneal administration seems safe although use of oxytetracycline may cause discomfort or pain.
Effect of Encapsulated Artemisia aucheri. L Magnetic Nanogel Extract on Shoulder Block in Rat
Authors: Beiranvand Siavash , Karimi Arash 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Introduction Due to the severe pain generated after shoulder surgery, we aim to formulate and intravenously (IV) inject magnetic nanogel encapsulated Artemisia aucheri. L extract for inducing shoulder block in the rat.
Methods Artemisia aucheri. L extract encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was fabricated and tested in rat using paw withdrawal latencies (PWL) from thermal stimuli on the forepaw. The animals were divided into two groups; the untreated left forepaw (control group), and the test group with treated right forepaw. Sixteen (16) lab animals were used in this study, of which 3 in each of the two groups of the cumulative drug release experiments at 37°C and 43°C, and 5 in each of the two groups of PWL experiments.
Results UV spectroscopy data shows that decreasing the pH of the fabricated nanocomposite has an influence on the extract release rate than increasing its temperature.
Conclusions The present study gave a proof of inducing a shoulder block in rat by IV injection administration of NIPAAM-MAA/Arthemisia aucheri. L extract complexes and magnet application to the shoulder. This will be a prospective formulation if a lower pH and temperature is considered for optimum release of this nanoanesthetics, thus, this can be translated into clinical practice for future applications.
Dialysetherapie – Patientenziele im Widerspruch zu wirtschaftlichen Zielen
Authors: Rukavina Marion 
Published: August 2017

Jha V et al. Ethical issues in dialysis therapy. Lancet 2017; 389:1851–1856
Die Dialysetherapie ist eine kostenintensive Behandlungsform für Patienten und Gesundheitssysteme. Hingegen hat die Nierentransplantation
gegenüber der Dialyse zweifelsohne klinische sowie langfristig finanzielle Vorteile. Ein kürzlich publizierter Beitrag geht nun den
ethischen Aspekten der Dialyse mit der Frage nach, wie diese angeboten und gleichzeitig die damit einhergehenden finanziellen Bürden
gelockert werden können.
Binge-Drinking – Mobiles Programm für Jugendliche
erfolgreich
Authors: Drexelius Nina 
Published: August 2017

Haug S. et al. Efficacy of a web- and text messaging-based intervention to reduce
problem drinking in adolescents: Results of a cluster-randomized controlled
trial. J Consult Clin Psychol 2017; 85: 147–159
Die neuen Medien für Interventionen bei Jugendlichen zu nutzen, scheint
naheliegend. Die Studienlage deutet daraufhin, dass Kurzinterventionen auf
elektronischem Weg kosteneffektiv sind und von jungen Menschen eher
akzeptiert werden als solche von Angesicht zu Angesicht. Nach ersten
Pilotstudien mit Alkoholpräventionsprogrammen hat eine schweizerische
Arbeitsgruppe nun ein solches Programm in einer größeren Gruppe
getestet.
Früherkennung – CMV-Screening bei Neugeborenen spart Kosten
Authors: Bischoff Martin 
Published: August 2017

Gantt S et al. Cost-effectiveness of Universal and Targeted Newborn Screening for Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection. JAMA Pediatr 2016;
170: 1173–1180
Zum Zeitpunkt der Geburt haben nur wenige Kinder mit kongenitaler Zytomegalievirus-(cCMV)-Infektion klinische Symptome. Da die
diagnostische Abklärung meist nur bei klinischem Verdacht erfolgt, entgehen die meisten Kinder mit cCMV-Infektion der Früherkennung und
damit einer frühzeitigen spezifischen Therapie, die neurologischen Folgen vorbeugen kann. Diese Konstellation spricht für ein
CMV-Screening.
Funktionelle somatische Syndrome –
Verhaltenstherapeutisches Gruppenprogramm hilft Patienten und senkt
Kosten
Authors: Drexelius Nina 
Published: August 2017

Schröder A. et al. Long-term economic evaluation of cognitive-behavioural group
treatment versus enhanced usual care for functional somatic syndromes. J
Psychosom Res 2017; 94: 73–81
Funktionelle somatische Syndrome (FSS) wie Fibromyalgie, Reizdarmsyndrom oder
Chronisches Erschöpfungssyndrom sind häufig – und verursachen hohe Kosten.
Psychotherapeutische Behandlungen wie Verhaltenstherapie können die Symptome
von FSS lindern und die Lebensqualität der Betroffenen verbessern. Eine
dänische Arbeitsgruppe hat jetzt die Langzeitwirkungen einer solchen
Behandlung untersucht.
Adipositas-Chirurgie – Ist bariatrische Chirurgie
kosteneffektiv?
Authors: Blaich Cornelia 
Published: August 2017

Gulliford MC et al. Costs and Outcomes of Increasing Access to Bariatric Surgery:
Cohort Study and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Using Electronic Health Records.
Value Health 2017; 20: 85–92
Ziele der bariatrischen Chirurgie bei Patienten mit morbider Adipositas sind
neben der Gewichtsreduktion die Remission oder geringere Inzidenz eines
Typ-2-Diabetes und eine Reduktion der Sterblichkeit. Die Autoren untersuchen
in einer Kohortenstudie die Auswirkungen und Kosteneffektivität der
bariatrischen Chirurgie im Vergleich zu einer nicht chirurgischen Behandlung
der Adipositas.
The Effect of Head and Neck Radiotherapy on Blood Pressure and Orthostatic Hypotension in Patients With Head and Neck Tumors
Authors: Leibowitz Avshalom , Grossman Ehud , Berkovitch Anat , Levartovski Meital , Appel Sarit , Sharabi Yehonatan , Gluck Iris 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Radiotherapy (RT) plays a key role in the management of head and neck cancer (HNC), especially in locally advanced disease. Patients undergoing head and neck RT, especially elderly ones, are suffering from low and labile blood pressure (BP) during the treatment. They complain of weakness and fatigue and are prone to recurrent falls. The aim of this study was to characterize BP changes during RT period.

METHODS
Patients with HNC, receiving radiation to the neck, were recruited from Sheba medical center RT unit. Office BP, orthostatic measurements, 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring, body weight, and metabolic parameters were measured at baseline after 30 days and after 90 days from beginning of therapy.

RESULTS
Nineteen patients (17 males), 64 ± 12 years old were recruited. Nine hypertensive patients continued their antihypertensive treatment during the study. Office systolic BP and diastolic BP decreased significantly after 30 days (128 ± 4/80 ± 3 to 122 ± 3/74 ± 3 mm Hg; P &lt; 0.05). Average 24-hour BP values after 30 days of RT decreased from 130 ± 3/76 ± 2 to 123 ± 3/71 ± 2 mm Hg; P &lt; 0.05. A similar trend was observed for day and night BP levels. Decrease in office and ambulatory BP was sustained for several months after RT completion. No orthostasis was observed during the study period. Patient lost weight significantly during the study period. However, BP changes were independent of weight loss.

CONCLUSION
There is a significant and sustained BP reduction after head and neck RT, without orthostatic changes. Clinicians should be aware of this phenomenon and consider treatment adaption accordingly.
Localizing the Lost Rectus Muscle Using the Connective Tissue Framework: Revisiting the Tunnel Technique
Authors: Jordan David R. , Stoica Bazil , Dutton Jonathan J. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose:
To describe a technique for localizing a lost rectus muscle during strabismus or retinal surgery or following trauma.

Methods:
In this single center, retrospective chart review, 5 patients were identified between January 2012 and June 2016 with a lost rectus muscle; 3 during strabismus surgery and 2 post trauma. The inclusion criteria included a lost rectus muscle during strabismus surgery, or a disinserted/lacerated rectus muscle following ocular/orbital trauma. The primary outcome measure was successful reattachment of the rectus muscle.

Results:
The lost rectus muscle was identified in each patient and reattached to the globe by gently applying traction anteriorly at the conjunctiva/Tenon edge using double-pronged skin hooks and following the path of the rectus muscle through its Tenon capsule tunnel where it remained attached by suspensory ligaments. There was no instance where orbital fat was obscuring or blocking the view of the lost rectus muscles. There were no other complications associated with the procedure.

Conclusions:
The authors describe a simple and effective method in 5 patients to localize a lost rectus muscle based on knowledge of the orbital connective tissue framework.
Macrotextured Breast Implants with Defined Steps to Minimize Bacterial Contamination around the Device: Experience in 42,000 Implants
Authors: Adams William P. , Culbertson Eric J. , Deva Anand K. , R. Magnusson Mark , Layt Craig , Jewell Mark L. , Mallucci Patrick , Hedén Per 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Bacteria/biofilm on breast implant surfaces has been implicated in capsular contracture and breast implant–associated anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL). Macrotextured breast implants have been shown to harbor more bacteria than smooth or microtextured implants. Recent reports also suggest that macrotextured implants are associated with a significantly higher incidence of breast implant–associated ALCL. Using techniques to reduce the number of bacteria around implants, specifically, the 14-point plan, has successfully minimized the occurrence of capsular contracture. The authors hypothesize that a similar effect may be seen in reducing the risk of breast implant–associated ALCL.

Methods:
Pooled data from eight plastic surgeons assessed the use of macrotextured breast implants (Biocell and polyurethane) and known cases of breast implant–associated ALCL. Surgeon adherence to the 14-point plan was also analyzed.

Results:
A total of 42,035 Biocell implants were placed in 21,650 patients; mean follow-up was 11.7 years (range, 1 to 14 years). A total of 704 polyurethane implants were used, with a mean follow-up of 8.0 years (range, 1 to 20 years). The overall capsular contracture rate was 2.2 percent. There were no cases of implant–associated ALCL. All surgeons routinely performed all 13 perioperative components of the 14-point plan; two surgeons do not routinely prescribe prophylaxis for subsequent unrelated procedures.

Conclusions:
Mounting evidence implicates the role of a sustained T-cell response to implant bacteria/biofilm in the development of breast implant–associated ALCL. Using the principles of the 14-point plan to minimize bacterial load at the time of surgery, the development and subsequent sequelae of capsular contracture and breast implant–associated ALCL may be reduced, especially with higher-risk macrotextured implants.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Determining the Oncologic Safety of Autologous Fat Grafting as a Reconstructive Modality: An Institutional Review of Breast Cancer Recurrence Rates and Surgical Outcomes
Authors: Cohen Oriana , Lam Gretl , Karp Nolan , Choi Mihye 
Published: August 2017

Background:
The increasing use of autologous fat grafting in breast cancer patients has raised concerns regarding its oncologic safety. This study evaluated patient outcomes and tumor recurrence following mastectomy reconstruction and autologous fat grafting.

Methods:
Retrospective chart review identified patients who underwent mastectomy followed by breast reconstruction from 2010 to 2015. Eight hundred twenty-nine breasts met inclusion criteria: 248 (30.0 percent) underwent autologous fat grafting, whereas 581 (70.0 percent) breasts did not. Patient demographics, cancer characteristics, oncologic treatment, surgical treatment, surgical complications, local recurrence, and distant metastases were analyzed.

Results:
Autologous fat grafting patients and control patients were of similar body mass index, smoking status, and BRCA status. Patients who underwent fat grafting were significantly younger than control patients and were less likely to have diabetes, hypertension, or hyperlipidemia. The two groups represented similar distributions of BRCA status, Oncotype scores, and hormone receptor status. Patients underwent one to four grafting procedures: one procedure in 83.1 percent, two procedures in 13.7 percent, three in 2.8 percent, and four in 0.4 percent. Mean follow-up time from initial surgery was 45.6 months in the fat grafting group and 38.8 months in controls. The overall complication rate following fat grafting was 9.4 percent. Among breasts undergoing surgery for therapeutic indications, there were similar rates of local recurrence (fat grafting group, 2.5 percent; controls, 1.9 percent; p = 0.747). Interestingly, mean time to recurrence was significantly longer in the fat grafting group (52.3 months versus 22.8 months from initial surgery; p = 0.016).

Conclusions:
Autologous fat grafting is a powerful tool in breast reconstruction. This large, single-institution study provides valuable evidence-based support for its oncologic safety.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.
Breast Cancer Genetics for Plastic Surgeons
Authors: McInerney Niall M. , Narod Steven , Metcalfe Kelly , Semple John , Brown Mitchell H. 
Published: August 2017

Summary:
Multidisciplinary genetic clinics offer counseling and testing to those who meet criteria for familial breast cancer, and plastic surgeons become integral to this process when risk-reducing surgery and postmastectomy reconstruction are deemed appropriate. As reconstructive surgeons, it is important that plastic surgeons are aware of the risks and issues associated with the genetic variants that cause patients to present for prophylactic or therapeutic surgery.
Autologous Fat Grafting as a Novel Antiestrogen Vehicle for the Treatment of Breast Cancer
Authors: Thomas Scott , Chen Stephanie , Sbitany Hani , Kwon Edwin , Piper Merisa , Park Jeenah , Terranova Barberio Manuela , Pawlowska Nela , Munster Pamela N. 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Adipose fat transfer is increasingly used for contour corrections of the tumor bed after lumpectomy and breast reconstructions after mastectomy. The lipophilic nature of the fat tissue may render adipocytes an ideal vehicle with which to deliver a high boost of an antiestrogen to the tumor bed to serve as an adjunct systemic hormonal therapy. The authors therefore tested whether adipocytes could safely be loaded with an antiestrogen and allow for release at therapeutic concentrations to treat breast cancer.

Methods:
Adipose tissue was collected from patients undergoing autologous fat grafting. The influence of adipose tissue on tumorigenesis was determined both in vitro and in vivo using breast cancer cell lines. Ex vivo, adipose tissue was assessed for its ability to depot fulvestrant and inhibit the growth of breast cancer cell lines.

Results:
Adipose tissue harvested from patients did not promote breast cancer cell growth in vitro or in an in vivo mouse model. Adipose tissue was successfully loaded with fulvestrant and released at levels sufficient to inhibit estrogen receptor signaling and growth of breast cancer cells.

Conclusions:
This work supports the hypothesis that adipose tissue used for autologous fat grafting can serve as a novel method for local drug delivery. As this technique is used to reconstruct a variety of postsurgical defects following cancer resection, this approach for local drug delivery may be an effective alternative in therapeutic settings beyond breast cancer.
Normative Values of the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire for Patients with and without Hand Conditions
Authors: Nolte Michael T. , Shauver Melissa J. , Chung Kevin C. 
Published: August 2017

Background:
The Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire has been widely used for nearly 20 years to assess patients with a variety of hand and upper extremity conditions. However, normative data have not previously been collected, limiting interpretation.

Methods:
The Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire was administered to 579 participants recruited from the general population. In addition, participants were asked to identify any problem affecting their hand(s), including trauma, hand disease/condition, systemic illness, or nonspecific symptoms. Comorbidities and demographic data were also collected.

Results:
Total Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire score for healthy individuals was indicative of generally good hand function (95.2; 95 percent CI, 94.3 to 96.1). Individuals with unilateral trauma scored for their affected hand (90.3; 95 percent CI, 87.9 to 92.6) lower than their healthy hand (mean difference, 5.7; 95 percent CI, 3.2 to 8.3). For individuals with and without hand trauma, total Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire score decreased with increasing number of comorbidities. Many of the differences in Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire score between the problem hand and unaffected hand were smaller than the minimal clinically important difference of 3.0 to 23.0 for known abnormalities of the hand and upper extremity.

Conclusions:
These normative data provide appropriate baseline information for individuals with and without underlying hand conditions. Most notably, these findings suggest that individuals with a unilateral problem establish new subnormative values for both their affected and unaffected hands. These data will encourage an appropriate understanding of the results of future studies using the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire.
Benefit of Local Anesthesia in Reducing Pain during Collagenase Injection for Dupuytren’s Contracture
Authors: Nordenskjöld Jesper , Waldén Markus , Kjellin Anders , Franzén Herbert , Atroshi Isam 
Published: August 2017

Summary:
Collagenase injection for Dupuytren’s contracture is commonly administered without anesthesia. The authors studied the benefit of injecting local anesthesia before collagenase in reducing treatment-related pain. This prospective cohort study included 187 patients (mean age, 69 years; 80 percent men) at two orthopedic departments in Sweden. At one center, 161 consecutive patients scheduled for collagenase injection were assigned to two groups by alternating outpatient clinics; 78 received collagenase without local anesthesia using a modified method (injecting 0.80 mg in multiple spots in the cord) and 83 received local anesthesia injected in the proximal palm before collagenase. At the other center, 26 consecutive patients received collagenase using the standard method (0.58 mg injected in one spot) without local anesthesia. Immediately after the first injection (collagenase or local anesthesia), the patients rated the severity of injection-related pain on a visual analogue scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain). Before finger manipulation 1 or 2 days after injection, the patients rated the pain experienced since injection. Mean score ± SD for pain experienced during modified collagenase injection was 4.3 ± 2.5 without local anesthesia and 2.3 ± 1.7 during injection of local anesthesia (before collagenase) (age- and sex-adjusted mean difference, 2.1; 95 percent CI, 1.5 to 2.7; p < 0.001). Mean pain score ± SD during standard collagenase injection without local anesthesia was 4.8 ± 1.8. Mean pain score ± SD during the injection-manipulation interval was 2.9 ± 1.9 in the group without local anesthesia and 2.9 ± 2.3 in the local anesthesia group (p = 0.79). This study shows that local anesthesia significantly reduces the patient’s overall pain experience during collagenase treatment for Dupuytren’s contracture.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, II.