bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional connectivity models for decoding of spatial representations from hippocampal CA1 recordings
Authors: Posani Lorenzo , Cocco Simona , Jezek Karel , Monasson Rémi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHippocampus stores spatial representations, or maps, which are recalled each time a subject is placed in the corresponding environment. Across different environments of similar geometry, these representations show strong orthogonality in CA3 of hippocampus, whereas in the CA1 subfield a considerable overlap between the maps can be seen. The lower orthogonality decreases reliability of various decoders developed in an attempt to identify which of the stored maps is active at the mo-ment. Especially, the problem with decoding emerges with a need to analyze data at high temporal resolution. Here, we introduce a functional-connectivity-based de-coder, which accounts for the pairwise correlations between the spiking activities of neurons in each map and does not require any positional information,i.e.any knowledge about place fields. We first show, on recordings of hippocampal activity in constant environmental conditions, that our decoder outperforms existing decoding methods in CA1. Our decoder is then applied to data from teleportation experiments, in which an instantaneous switch between the environment identity triggers a recall of the corresponding spatial representation. We test the sensitivity of our approach on the transition dynamics between the respective memory states (maps). We find that the rate of spontaneous state shifts (flickering) after a teleportation event is increased not only within the first few seconds as already reported, but this instability is sustained across much longer (>1 min.) periods.
Sustainable facility development: perceived benefits and challenges
Authors: Stinnett Brad , Gibson Fred 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to assess the perceived benefits and challenges of implementing sustainable initiatives in collegiate recreational sports facilities. Additionally, this paper intends to contribute to the evolving field of facility sustainability in higher education.

Design/methodology/approach
The design included qualitative research methods that allowed respondents to elaborate on perceived benefits and challenges. Respondents consisted of directors of campus recreation departments at National Intramural-Recreational Sports Association member institutions. Content analysis served as the method for analyzing and categorizing the data.

Findings
Six categories of perceived benefits became distinguishable, including Educational, Environmental, Ethical, Fiscal and Operational. Eight categories of perceived challenges emerged after responses were analyzed, including Administrative, Attitudinal, Commitment, Educational, Facility, and Fiscal. The majority of respondents indicated Fiscal demands as being the top challenge when it comes to implementing sustainable initiatives. Common themes arose from the responses and were sorted within their respective category.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the evolving field of sustainability by providing some data regarding recreational sports facilities in higher education. Administrators, particularly those in Student Affairs, Facilities Management and Campus Recreation can benefit from this paper by assessing their respective institution’s current view of sustainability and by proactively determining a strategy to combat the potential challenges identified. Additionally, identifying perceived benefits can help equip facility directors and executives with justification and rationale for moving toward sustainable facility design and operation.
Identification of nail features associated with psoriasis severity
Authors: Choi Jee Woong , Kim Bo Ri , Seo Eunmi , Youn Sang Woong 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThere are no detailed studies of the prevalence of nail psoriasis and clinical characteristics of psoriatic nail involvement, including nail features associated with disease severity. Therefore, we designed a study to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of psoriatic nail involvement in patients with psoriasis and determine the relationship between psoriatic nail features and severity of nail psoriasis and cutaneous psoriasis. The Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (NAPSI) was used for evaluation of the severity of nail lesions. The presence of nail fold psoriasis (NFP) was also assessed. The severity of psoriasis was evaluated by calculating the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). As a result, the prevalence of nail psoriasis was 85.5%. Pitting was the most common clinical feature (55.6%). The severity of nail psoriasis was not affected by medical parameters, although patients with localized pustular psoriasis tended to have more severe nail psoriasis than did those with chronic plaque psoriasis. When comparing the mean NAPSI and the mean PASI according to nail lesions, we found that subungual hyperkeratosis (SH) and NFP were significantly associated with the severity of both nail psoriasis and cutaneous psoriasis. Psoriatic nail changes were most common in the first digit. Conclusively, the majority of patients with psoriasis had psoriatic nail involvement, and Koebner's response seems to be closely related to the induction of nail psoriasis. To limit progression of the disease, psoriatic patients with SH or NFP should be examined thoroughly because those clinical features reflect the levels of severity of both nail and cutaneous psoriasis.
Plant secondary metabolites in nectar: impacts on pollinators and ecological functions
Authors: Stevenson Philip C. , Nicolson Susan W. , Wright Geraldine A. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThe ecological function of secondary metabolites in plant defence against herbivores is well established, but their role in plant–pollinator interactions is less obvious. Nectar is the major reward for pollinators, so the occurrence of defence chemicals in the nectar of many species is unexpected. However, increasing evidence supports a variety of potential benefits for both plant and pollinator from these compounds.Beneficial effects may include: (i) mediating specialization in plant–pollinator interactions, (ii) protecting nectar from robbery or larceny and (iii) microbial activity including preservation of nutrients in nectar from degradation and reduction in disease levels in pollinators.Secondary metabolites in nectar can be toxic or repellent to flower visitors, but equally they can go undetected or even make nectar more apparent or attractive. These biological effects are concentration dependent, so must be considered at a range of ecologically relevant doses. For example, caffeine occurs in nectar and improves honeybee memory for odours associated with food rewards, which enhances pollen transfer at naturally occurring concentrations but is repellent to honeybees at higher concentrations.This review synthesizes evidence from recent literature that supports selection for secondary metabolites in floral nectar as an adaptation that drives the co‐evolution between plants and their pollinators. However, their presence in nectar could still simply be a consequence of their defensive role elsewhere in the plant (pleiotropy). We highlight the need for more studies demonstrating measurable benefits to the plant, the importance of exposure levels and effects on target species beyond the current emphasis on alkaloids and bees.ALay Summaryis available for this article.
Consequences of a nectar yeast for pollinator preference and performance
Authors: Schaeffer Robert N. , Mei Yu Zhu , Andicoechea Jonathan , Manson Jessamyn S. , Irwin Rebecca E. 
Published: September 2016

Summary

Pollinators utilize floral resources that vary in colour, scent and reward quality. Variation in such traits, including nectar rewards, in addition to cues associated with their quality, can influence pollinator foraging decisions with consequences for pollinator reproductive success. Nectar is commonly subject to colonization by micro‐organisms capable of affecting a suite of traits important for pollinator attraction and fitness; yet, links between microbial presence and changes in pollinator preference and performance remain few.

Here, we evaluated the effects of a nectar‐inhabiting micro‐organism on pollinator foraging behaviour and reproduction using the common eastern bumblebee Bombus impatiens and the cosmopolitan nectar yeast Metschnikowia reukaufii. Using a combination of choice and no‐choice behavioural and feeding assays, we manipulated the presence and viability of M. reukaufii in nectar and assessed bumblebee foraging and reproductive responses.

Bombus impatiens workers responded positively to the presence of yeasts. Foragers trained to associate yeast presence with flower colour visited a significantly greater proportion of flowers inoculated with yeast when subject to a colour discrimination test. Moreover, foragers naïve to nectar yeasts incorporated more yeast‐inoculated flowers into initial foraging bouts when presented with a novel floral array. In addition, bees spent significantly longer foraging on yeast‐inoculated flowers compared to yeast‐free flowers. However, when we manipulated yeast presence and viability in microcolonies of queenless workers, we found no effect of yeast on components of bumblebee reproduction, such as initiation of egg laying and number of eggs laid. This lack of an effect of yeast persisted even under conditions of pollen limitation.

Taken together, these results suggest that nectar yeasts can enhance floral signalling and alter pollinator foraging behaviour at individual flowers, though they may not directly affect pollinator performance. Thus, nectar yeasts may play a significant role in mediating pollinator foraging behaviour, with consequences for plant fitness and evolution of floral traits.
Two‐dimensional joint inversions of cross‐hole resistivity data and resolution analysis of combined arrays
Authors: Demirel Cem , Candansayar M. Emin 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTIn this study, a new two‐dimensional inversion algorithm was developed for the inversion of cross‐hole direct current resistivity measurements. In the last decades, various array optimisation methods were suggested for resistivity tomography. However, researchers have still collected data by using classical electrode arrays in most cross‐hole applications. Therefore, we investigated the accuracy of both the individual and the joint inversion of the classical cross‐hole arrays by using both synthetic and field data with the developed algorithm. We showed that the joint inversion of bipole–bipole, pole–bipole, bipole–pole, and pole–tripole electrode arrays gives inverse solutions that are closer to the real model than the individual inversions of the electrode array datasets for the synthetic data inversion. The model resolution matrix of the suggested arrays was used to analyse the inversion results. This model resolution analysis also showed the advantage of the joint inversion of bipole–bipole, pole–bipole, bipole–pole, and pole–tripole arrays. We also used sensitivity sections from each of the arrays and their superpositions to explain why joint inversion gives better resolution than the any individual inversion result.
Collaboration with Regulators to Support Quality and Accountability Following Medical Errors: The Communication and Resolution Program Certification Pilot
Authors: Gallagher Thomas H. , Farrell Michael L. , Karson Hannah , Armstrong Sarah J. , Maldon John T. , Mello Michelle M. , Cullen Bruce F. 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveCommunication and resolution programs (CRPs) involve institutions responding to adverse events using transparency with patients, event analysis, recurrence prevention, and compensation. Collaboration with regulators around CRPs could enhance health care quality.Setting and ParticipantsHealth care institutions, liability insurers, and the Medical Quality Assurance Commission (MQAC, board of medicine) in Washington State.Study DesignMQAC has collaborated with the Foundation for Health Care Quality (FHCQ) on the CRP Certification pilot. A panel of physicians, risk managers, and patient advocates at FHCQ will review cases for use of the CRP key elements. Cases meeting this standard will be “CRP Certified.” If MQAC determines that the CRP enhanced patient safety comparable or better than board action, the Commission may close the case.Principal FindingsDeveloping this process identified the following issues: (1) protecting information submitted for CRP Certification; (2) determining what information the Commission needs to assess whether additional investigation is warranted; (3) preserving the Commission's responsibility to protect the public while working with health care organizations; and (4) addressing concerns that CRP Certification not shield incompetent providers.ConclusionsThe CRP Certification program is a promising example of collaboration among institutions, insurers, and regulators to promote patient‐centered accountability and learning following adverse events.
Performance of Drying Technologies to Ensure Microbial Safety of Dried Fruits and Vegetables
Authors: Bourdoux Siméon , Li Dan , Rajkovic Andreja , Devlieghere Frank , Uyttendaele Mieke 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDried fruits, vegetables, herbs, and spices are produced in and sourced from many countries worldwide, but they have been increasingly reported to be involved in outbreaks and alerts due to the presence of foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella. These dried products are mainly produced by solar drying and conventional air drying, but a wide range of drying technologies are available. From a technological point of view the general trend is to optimize and standardize the drying process to ensure high‐quality products to be offered. Drying technologies are mainly evaluated for their performance to reduce water activity at low energy cost while maintaining good sensorial quality of the dried product. However, as low water activity foods are increasingly recognized to support microbial survival and dried products are often consumed as they are, or are used as ingredients in many ready‐to‐eat foods, there is increasing attention to the microbiological quality and safety aspects of these products. This review presents traditional and emerging technologies to dry fruits, vegetables, herbs, and spices and discusses their potential to inactivate bacteria and viruses throughout the drying process. Overall, the microbial inactivation effect of the presented technologies has not yet been thoroughly assessed, even for traditional methods like solar drying, conventional air drying, or freeze‐drying. Emerging technologies such as dielectric (assisted) drying and low‐pressure superheated steam drying have been shown to reduce microbial populations; however, the number of studies is still low. Very few studies have focused on viral inactivation during drying processes.
Dietary sodium and potassium intake and their association with blood pressure in a non‐hypertensive Iranian adult population: Isfahan salt study
Authors: Mohammadifard Noushin , Khaledifar Arsalan , Khosravi Alireza , Nouri Fatemeh , Pourmoghadas Ali , Feizi Awat , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad , Sarrafzadegan Nizal 
Published: September 2016

AimThe association of sodium (Na) and potassium (K) intake with blood pressure (BP) is an ongoing debate, especially in central Iran. We aimed to examine the mean Na and K intake, major sources of Na and the relationship between BP and dietary and urinary Na and K.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was performed in central Iran in 2013–2014. A total of 796 non‐hypertensive adults aged >18 years were randomly recruited. The semi‐quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary Na and K intake. Moreover, 24‐hour urine samples were collected to measure 24‐hour urinary Na (UNa) and K (UK) as biomarkers. BP was measured twice on each arm using a standard protocol.ResultsThe mean Na and K intake were 4309.6 ± 1344.4 and 2732.7 ± 1050.5 mg/day, respectively. Table and cooking salt were the main sources of Na. Odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) of the crude model in the highest quartile of UNa indicated a significant association with the higher risk of prehypertension (OR (95% CI): 2.09 (1.09–4.05); P for trend = 0.007). After adjustment for potential confounders, prehypertension was significantly associated with increasing dietary Na/K ratio (OR (95% CI): 1.28 (1.01–1.57); P for trend = 0.046) and UNa/UK ratio (OR (95% CI): 2.15(1.08‐4.55); P for trend = 0.029).ConclusionsIncreasing dietary and urinary Na/K ratios and UNa were associated with elevated BP and prehypertension occurrence. These findings support the necessity of developing a salt reduction programme in our country.
Food provision in early childhood education and care services: Exploring how staff determine nutritional adequacy
Authors: Cole Amanda , Vidgen Helen , Cleland Phoebe 
Published: September 2016

AimThe aim of this study was to explore the methods, processes and strategies used by early childhood education and care (ECEC) services when determining the nutritional adequacy of food provided to children in their care.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews (n = 22) were conducted with directors, educators and cooks at long day care services (LDCS) (n = 12) regarding nutritional adequacy, the use of tools, guidelines and checklists, menu planning and identification and management of unhealthy foods. A qualitative thematic approach was used to identify anticipated and emergent themes. Case‐by‐case comparisons were then made, and tables and models were created to allow for comparative analysis.Results
LDCS relied on personal knowledge, experience and ‘common sense’ when determining the nutritional adequacy of the food provided to children. LDCS demonstrated a lack of awareness and use of current regulatory requirements, nutrition guidelines and recommendations, although the services were confident in providing nutrition advice to parents/carers.Conclusions
LDCS staff use personal knowledge and experience over evidence‐based nutrition guidelines and recommendations when determining if the food provided to children is nutritionally adequate. ECEC services are recognised as important settings for obesity prevention and the development of lifetime healthy eating habits. This study highlights the complexities and inconsistencies in providing food that is nutritious and appropriate to children in care while highlighting the need to improve the use and accessibility of nutrition guidelines.
Supplementation with Cashew Nut and Cottonseed Meal to Modify Fatty Acid Content in Lamb Meat
Authors: Pereira Elzania S. , Mizubuti Ivone Y. , Oliveira Ronaldo L. , Pinto Andréa P. , Ribeiro Edson L.A. , Gadelha Carla R.F. , Campos Ana C.N. , Pereira Marília F. , Carneiro Maria S.S. , Arruda Paulo C. , Silva Luciano P. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis study evaluates the effect of cashew nut meal (CNM), whole cottonseed (WCS), and calcium salts of long‐chain fatty acids (Ca‐LCFA) on the fatty acid profiles of meat from hair lambs. Thirty‐five 60‐d‐old, male, noncastrated Santa Ines lambs with an initial average body weight of 13.00 ± 1.80 kg were used in a randomized complete‐block design with 7 blocks and 5 treatments. The experimental treatments consisted of a control diet (CON) without supplemental lipids and 4 test diets with different lipid supplements that were selected according to the degree of protection from ruminal hydrogenation and their polyunsaturated fatty acid richness. The tests diets included the following modifications: supplementation with WCS, supplementation with CNM, supplementation with both cottonseed and CNM (CSCNM), and supplementation with Ca‐LCFA. The C18:1n9c content was highest in the meat of the animals fed the CNM diet (42.00%). The meat from lambs fed the WCS and Ca‐LCFA diets had higher C18:0 contents (25.23 and 22.80%, respectively). The C16:1 content was higher in the meat from the animals fed the CNM and CON diets (1.54 and 1.49%, respectively). C18:2c9t11 concentration was higher in the meat from the animals fed the Ca‐LCFA and CNM diets. The estimated enzyme activity of Δ9‐desaturase C18 was highest in the muscles of the lambs fed the CON, CNM, and CSCNM diets. The use of cashew nuts in the diet resulted in an increase in the C18:2c9t11 content of the lamb meat, which improved the nutritional characteristics of the fat.
Identification of the Major Components of Buddleja officinalis Extract and Their Metabolites in Rat Urine by UHPLC‐LTQ‐Orbitrap
Authors: Sun Mohan , Luo Zhiqiang , Liu Yang , Yang Ruirui , Lu Lina , Yu Guohua , Ma Xiaoyun , Liu Aoxue , Guo Yafang , Zhao Haiyu 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBuddleja officinalis Maxim, one of the most popular herbal medicines in China, is widely prescribed for curing eye diseases for centuries. In this study, the major components of B. officinalis extract (BOE) and their metabolites in rat urine were detected and identified by ultra‐high‐pressure liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap‐orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐LTQ‐Orbitrap). A total of 19 compounds, including 8 flavonoids and 11 phenylethanoid glycosides, were confirmed or tentatively identified from BOE. In vivo, 33 components, including 3 prototypes and 30 metabolies, were confirmed or tentatively identified in rat urine samples. The metabolic pathways of different types of compounds were also proposed. This study would effectively narrow the range of potentially bioactive constituents of BOE and shed light to its action mechanism.
Solutions for loss of information in high‐beta‐diversity community data
Authors: Smith Robert J. 
Published: September 2016

Summary

Dissimilarity measures, which gauge compositional resemblance between sample units, tend to lose information with increasing distance along ecological gradients. This undesirable property is especially common in high‐beta‐diversity community data, yet analysts seldom acknowledge it when relating multivariate attributes (e.g. species composition) to underlying gradients.

With 1000 simulated and 14 real community data sets, I systematically varied beta‐diversity to evaluate the effects of seven dissimilarity adjustment methods (plus one baseline method) on outcomes from multivariate gradient analyses. Performance was determined by plotting dissimilarities vs. environmental distances, by ordination vs. environmental distance correlations and by Procrustean concordance of ordinations with known environmental grid structure.

Performance of all methods declined as narrower niches and greater competition asymmetry led to greater beta‐diversity. With simulated data, methods based on probabilities of joint occurrences (Beals smoothing, Swan's method) most effectively resolved the loss‐of‐information problem, followed closely by three step‐across methods (Shortest‐path, Extended, Geodesic); the CY and Diffusion methods did not outperform unmodified Bray–Curtis dissimilarities. With real community data sets, the Beals, Shortest‐path and Extended methods excelled.

Electing to adjust dissimilarities is recommended when many pairs of sample units share few species in common, although unmodified dissimilarities may still be appropriate when beta‐diversity is low. Dissimilarity adjustments are appropriate not only for species diversity and ecological purposes, but also for other applications where nonlinear relationships among attributes and gradients are expected in zero‐rich and highly variable multivariate data.
Severe odontogenic infection in pregnancy: a timely reminder
Authors: Tocaciu S , Robinson BW , Sambrook PJ 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDental practitioners often treat patients that are pregnant. Understanding the altered physiology in the pregnant patient, especially changes in immune function, is vital in effective management of orofacial infections. We present a case of rapidly spreading odontogenic infection in a pregnant patient requiring surgical management. We also discuss the physiological changes of pregnancy relevant to dentistry, and the principles of managing such infections in the gravid patient.