bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OVERTRAINING AS A RISK FACTOR FOR ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RUPTURE IN FEMALE BASKETBALL PLAYERS
Authors: Stojmenovic Tamara , Malic Tatjana , Vukasinovic-Vesic Milica , Andjelkovic Marija , Dikic Nenad 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundHigh incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears among female basketball players requires a proper understanding of the risk factors in order to reduce the number of these severe events.ObjectiveIt was hypothesized that athletes involved in professional level of basketball and more than 10 hours of training per week at young age are exposed to greater risk of ACL rupture due to overtraining.DesignNon-experimental correlation retrospective study was performed.SettingIn order to collect data Serbian female basketball players, from both domestic and European professional teams, were contacted.Patients (or Participants)A total of 108 female basketball players were included in the study (age 26.26±6.8).Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)The questionnaire regarding the involvement in a professional level of basketball and hours/week of training at younger age was administrated to participants. The logistic regression method was used in order to calculate the odds ratio confidence interval (O. R.).Main Outcome MeasurementsThe athletes exposed to high intensity and frequency of training had grater odds of getting ACL rupture.Results43 out of 108 athletes reported ACL injury at the age of 18.25±3.12. Those involved in professional level of basketball had an odds of ACL injury about 9.25 times greater than those who competed only for their age group (OR 9.2503; p=0.0001). The ones exposed to more than 10 hours of training per week had an odds of ACL injury about 7.54 greater than those with less training hours (O R 7.5374; p=0.0002).ConclusionsPlaying basketball at a professional level at younger age can lead to overtraining and consequently an increased incidence of ACL ruptures in female basketball players. Accordingly, intensity and frequency of training must be adapted to both chronological and biological age of young athletes in order to prevent this serious injury.
MECHANISMS OF ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INJURIES IN HIGH SCHOOL ATHLETES
Authors: Takahashi Saeko , Nagano Yasuharu , Ito Wataru , Okuwaki Toru 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is one of the most serious sports injuries. However, few studies have surveyed the details of ACL injury mechanisms in high school athletes.ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanisms of ACL injuries among 1,000 ACL injuries in high school athletes by retrospectively reviewing the Japan Sports Council notification data.DesignEpidemiological survey and retrospective study.SettingYoung athletes (15–18 years old) belonging to sports clubs (soccer, basketball, judo, handball, volleyball) in high school (10th–12th grade). These clubs had a high incidence of ACL injuries in young Japanese athletes.Patients (or Participants)We collected data on 100 ACL injuries for each sport and sex for 1,000 athletes with injured ACL.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)We divided these data according to mechanisms such as contact (direct and indirect) and non-contact (play- and surface-related). Indirect contact was defined as an external force applied to the athlete but not directly to the injured knee. External force was involved in the injury process.Main Outcome MeasurementsWe compared the mechanisms of injury between sexes and specific sports.ResultsNon-contact injuries were greater than contact injuries in ball games, except in male soccer. Most judo players experienced contact injuries. Over half of contact injuries were indirect in ball games. Surface problems caused 2.4% of ACL injuries.ConclusionsWe clarified the mechanisms of ACL injuries in young athletes. Detailed investigations of ACL injury mechanisms and prevention programs are needed.
WHAT PRE-PARTICIPATION HEALTH COMPLAINTS AND ATHLETE CHARACTERISTICS PREDICT INJURY AND ILLNESS AT MAJOR ATHLETICS CHAMPIONSHIPS? COHORT STUDY AT THE BEIJING 2015 IAAF WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS
Authors: Timpka Toomas , Jacobsson Jenny , Bargoria Victor , Periard Julien , Racinais Sébastien , Ronsen Ola , Halje Karin , Andersson Christer , Dahlström Örjan , Spreco Armin , Edouard Pascal , Alonso Juan Manuel 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundDuring the month before world championships in individual sports, about one-third of athletes are disturbed by injury complaints. Athletics athletes reporting a pre-championship gradual-onset injury complaint are known to be at increased risk to sustain an injury at the upcoming competitions. Predictors for in-championship illness and the predictive value of anxiety associated with pre-participation injury and illness complaints have not been investigated.ObjectiveTo determine pre-participation predictors of injury and illness at a major Athletics championship.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingThe 2015 IAAF World Championships in Athletics.Participants307 (32.1%) of 957 athletes in 50 national teams that accepted to participate.Assessment of Risk FactorsSex, age, home continent, event category and pre-participation health complaints with qualifiers (injury or illness complaint, onset type (injury complaints only), reduction in participation, severity estimated by duration of time loss, associated anxiety, expected performance impact, etc.).Main Outcome MeasurementsIn-championship injury and in-championship illness.Results116 athletes (38.3%) of the participating athletes reported an injury complaint during the month before the championships, while 40 athletes (13%) reported an illness complaint. Twenty athletes (6.5%) sustained an injury or illness during the championships. Endurance athletes were almost tenfold more likely to sustain an in-championship illness than speed/power athletes (OR, 9.88; 95% CI, 1.20–81.31;P=0.033). Participants reporting a pre-participation gradual-onset injury complaint were three times more likely (OR, 3.09; 95% CI, 1.08–8.79;P=0.035) and those reporting an illness complaint causing anxiety were fivefold more likely (OR, 5.56; 95% CI, 1.34–23.15;P=0.018) to sustain an in-championship injury.ConclusionsEndurance athletes require particular clinical attention at major Athletics championships. Pre-participation complaints causing anxiety are interesting predictors for in-championship health problems. Diagnostic criteria for different types of exertion-related illness and the clinical and educational services provided to athletes preparing for championships in individual sports warrant further study.
WHAT CHARACTERISES CHAMPION RUNNERS' MANAGEMENT OF INJURY AND ILLNESS? QUALITATIVE STUDY AT IAAF ATHLETICS WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS
Authors: Timpka Toomas , Bargoria Victor , Halje Karin , Jacobsson Jenny 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundInternational sports bodies are increasingly on the lookout to balance the excitement of elite sport with the risk that is inevitable. For further understanding of these risks, athletes' reports on how sensations of pain, discomfort, and loss of functioning are interpreted and acted upon are vital.ObjectiveTo explore what characterizes injury and illness management among champion runners.DesignQualitative study using in-depth interviews for data collection.SettingMiddle- and long-distance runners at IAAF World Athletics Championships.Participants12 international runners competing for championships medals.Assessment of Risk FactorsThematic analysis to generate understanding reasoning about injury and illness.Main Outcome MeasurementsQualitative model describing champion runners' injury and illness management over time.ResultsThe athletes' behaviours and decisions-making procedures were summarised in the main themes resilience and exigency. Resilience behaviour was constituted of ordinary rather than extraordinary actions and is characterised by a proneness for learning, dynamic adaptations to unforeseen circumstances, and focusing on long-term objectives. The theme prompting and learning describes intense information-seeking performed when experiencing symptoms of injury or illness in order to understand causes and guide responses. This quest for information and knowledge comprised early consultation with clinicians and execution of diagnostic tests, dialogue with coaches, and discussions with peers. The themes effects and consequences describe the short-term outcomes of the athletes' decision-making and their standpoints on how their injury and illness management impacts their overall career, respectively.ConclusionsA model of injury and illness management among champion runners has been developed. The model offers a positive outlook on progress in sports where overuse injuries are common, and a direction for policies aimed at protection of top-level athletes. Resilience behaviour arises from dynamic adaptations of normal functions, meaning that the greatest threats to health maintenance in this group of athletes are those that compromise such adaptations.
THE EFFECTS OF FATIGUE ON SCAPULA KINEMATICS DURING THROWING IN ELITE TEAM HANDBALL PLAYERS; DOES PAIN INFLUENCE? A PRELIMINARY STUDY
Authors: Torabi Tina Piil , Juul-Kristensen Birgit , Dam Mogens , Andersen Frederik H. , Malchow-Møller Lasse , Zebis Mette K , Møller Merete , Bencke Jesper 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundNon-traumatic shoulder injuries are common in overhead sports, however many athletes still participate in their sport despite pain. Non-optimal scapula kinematics at the instant of maximal humeral external rotation (HumExtRot) is considered a risk factor in overhead throwing sports.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to investigate whether a functional fatigue protocol affects scapula kinematics during throwing, and whether this effect is different between players who are pain-free and participating with pain.DesignA controlled intervention study.Setting3D Motion Analysis Laboratory with 8 cameras (Vicon T40, Oxford, UK).Patients (or Participants)16 adult, mean age 21,9(2,4) years, elite female team handball players were recruited from top 2 leagues in Denmark. The participants were divided into two groups; 8 subjects playing with pain(P) and 8 subjects playing without pain(NP) served as controls.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)Measurements of scapula and gleno-humeral kinematics were collected during maximal throws before and after a fatiguing protocol, containing 60 alternated submaximal-and maximal throws.Main Outcome MeasurementsMaximal HumExtRot in relation to scapula, scapula posterior tilt (ScapPostTilt), scapula retraction (ScapRetr) and scapula upward rotation (ScapUpRot) at the instant of maximal HumExtRot were selected as outcome parameters. Overall effects for the whole group, between groups and differences in fatigue development between groups were evaluated using 2-way repeated measures ANOVA.ResultsAs a result of fatigue, the group (n=16) showed less ScapPostTilt (Mean=5,5°, SD=6,3°, p=0.004), ScapUpRot (Mean=3,7°, SD=4°,p=0,003), and less ScapRetr (Mean=2,7°, SD=4°, p=0,044), and the HumExtRot increased (Mean=3,3°, SD=5,9°, p=0,048). No significant differences between groups were found, however a tendency towards greater HumExtRot was observed (Mean difference=15.2°, SD=16.9°, p=0,089), for players with NP.ConclusionsThe results indicate that fatigue has a detrimental effect on scapula and gleno-humeral kinematics, which may increase the risk of non-traumatic shoulder injuries. However P-players did not respond differently to fatigue-development.
HEAD INJURY EVENTS IN RUGBY UNION: DESCRIPTION OF HIGH RISK TACKLE EVENTS
Authors: Tucker Ross 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundHead injuries are a concern in Rugby Union, accounting for 17% of injuries. Until the risk of specific game events is understood, effective interventions to reduce risk cannot be formulated.ObjectiveTo describe the relative risk of head injuries in rugby.DesignProspective cohort study.Setting1,516 Rugby Union matches in six professional tournaments.Patients (or Participants)All players in the six professional tournaments were potential cases. Head injury events were identified by trained medical personnel using established Head Injury Assessment protocols.Assessment of Risk FactorsA professional video analyst evaluated every head injury event, and characterized it according to a pre-determined classification framework of 25 variables.Main Outcome MeasurementsHead Injury Events characterized for relative risk by game event, playing position and match time.Results611 Head Injury Events (HIEs) were documented. Tackles had the highest risk of any game event, with a propensity of 1.94 HIEs/1000 events, accounting for 464 (76%) HIEs at a rate of 1 HIE every 3.1 matches. The tackler was 2.6 times more likely to be injured than the ball-carrier. Other high risk events included kick contests (1.57 HIEs/1000 events), mauls (0.7 HIEs/1000 events) and rucks. Rucks accounted for the next highest number of HIEs (73 HIEs at a rate of 1 HIE/20.8 matches. The player most likely to sustain a head injury was the flyhalf (68.9 matches per HIE), with the least likely the wings. Within tackles, backline players have a greater propensity than forwards (220 HIAs, 2.62 HIAs/1000 tackles for backs vs 240 HIAs, 1.54 HIAs/1000 tackles for forwards). HIE risk was unaffected by match-time.ConclusionsTackles are the most injurious event, both by propensity and frequency. Tackling accounts for the greatest number of HIEs, and strategies to reduce the risk in tackles, with focus on the tackler, must be sought.
PROXIMAL FIFTH METATARSAL STRESS FRACTURES; SCREENING AND TREATMENT FOR INCOMPLETE FRACTURES
Authors: Ueki Hiroko , Tateishi Tomohiko , AN Saisei , Hatsushika Daisuke , Koga Hideyuki , Ogiuchi Takashi 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundProximal fifth metatarsal stress fractures (so called Jones fractures) usually occur due to chronic repetitive forces. Soccer players on the status of incomplete fracture don't complain about pain while playing soccer; they can keep playing until progressing to the state of complete fractures. Jones fractures are known for prolonged healing time, high rate of non-union and re-injury. Therefore, it is critical to screen athletes with incomplete fracture.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of "Jones fracture screening" on its prevention for progression from incomplete to complete fracture.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingCollegiate and high school soccer players.PatientsSeventy-six players who agreed to participate in the primary screening test.InterventionsEducational lectures regarding Jones fracture, questionnaires as well as medical checkup including physical examination and ultrasound were conducted in players' school gymnasium as a primary screening. Hump sign, defined as cortex bulging, and increased blood flow around the fracture area in the Doppler ultrasound were defined as positive. Secondary medical examination with X-rays was then conducted for those who were positive for the primary screening. Players with Jones fractures identified by X-rays were then treated conservatively and followed up until radiographic bone union was achieved.Main Outcome MeasurementsRadiographic bone union.ResultsSixteen players were screened as positive in the primary screening. All positive players received secondary examination, and three players with Jones fracture were identified. Two players had an incomplete fracture and another had an old incomplete fracture. In all players bone union was achieved after conservative treatment without quitting playing soccer.ConclusionsThe use of ultrasonography would be effective to diagnose incomplete Jones fractures. Jones fracture screening can enlighten about the risk of Jones fractures and may prevent soccer players from progressing from incomplete to complete fracture without quitting playing soccer.
FIRST STEPS TOWARDS PREVENTION OF MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES IN SPEED SKATING
Authors: de Water Alexander T.M. van , Hendricks Matthias 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundMusculoskeletal injuries are commonly seen by medical staff of speed skating teams, but lack of injury registration underreports the incidence and prevalence of these injuries. Systematic injury prevention research in speed skating has not been undertaken.ObjectiveInitiating injury prevention research following the 6-step TRIPP framework.DesignQualitative research including literature review and survey amongst medical staff involved with elite level speed skating teams and development of a logbook and risk factor testing battery for musculoskeletal injuries in speed skaters.SettingN/A.ParticipantsDoctors and specialised physiotherapists in sports medicine involved with elite level speed skaters.Assessment of risk factors/methodsA qualitative study aimed to initiate the first steps of the TRIPP framework: injury surveillance, aetiology and mechanisms of injury and development of preventative measures. A review for epidemiological studies in speed skaters was conducted. Musculoskeletal injuries and related factors were further explored by interview and expert survey.MeasurementsLiterature review for epidemiological studies, interview and survey.ResultsFour epidemiological studies reported on musculoskeletal injury prevalence (one season) between 24 to 60%. The expert survey (n=5, mean experience in sport=10.4 years) identified the lower back (100%), gluteal/pelvic area (80%) and the hip/groin, knee and lower leg (60%) as most commonly injured. The specific speed skating position and technique, kinetic chain instability, reduced joint mobility and falls were identified as risk factors for musculoskeletal injuries. Based on these results, an injury registration system, logbook, physical tests screening battery were created for pilot testing.ConclusionsThis study described the first steps towards injury prevention using the TRIPP framework. Limitations are the small scale study and work at preliminary stages. However, there is underreporting of injuries in speed skaters and potential underestimation of the problem. Future research continues to focus on injury surveillance, aetiology and mechanisms of injury and development of preventative measures.
A STUDY ON MEDICATION USE AND INJURIES IN OVER 1500 NOVICE RUNNERS
Authors: der Worp Henk van , van Middelkoop Marienke , Hartgens Fred , Huisstede Bionka , Wilms Per , Kluitenberg Bas , Verhagen Evert , Rasenberg Nadine , Diercks Ron 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundIn sedentary subjects use of medication is expected to be high which may cause problems when taking up exercise as several types of medication have been linked to musculoskeletal disorders.ObjectiveTo study the relation between medication use and the incidence of running-related injuries in novice runners.DesignProspective cohort study with propensity score matching analysis.SettingA nationwide start to run program for novice runners (N=7,660).Patients (or Participants)Novice runners (N=1,696) aged between 18–65 years taking part in a start to run program.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)Self-reported medication use was assessed with a questionnaire at baseline. Medication was categorized according to (1) condition and (2) chemical properties. Subjects who used medication were matched to controls using propensity score matching.Main Outcome MeasurementsIncidence rate differences were calculated between subjects that used medication and matched controls for each medication category.ResultsWomen who took contraceptives had lower incidence densities of running-related injuries compared to matched controls both when medication was categorized according to condition (all contraceptives: incidence rate difference=−21.2 injuries/1000 h, 95% CI −41.9−−0.5) and according to chemical properties (hormonal contraceptives: incidence rate difference=−35.7 injuries/1000 h, 95% CI −61.3−−10.1). For other medication types no relation with injuries was established.ConclusionsThe study gives an overview of the influence of medication use on injuries in novice runners. Only for contraceptive use a relation with injuries was found. The use of contraceptives seems to have a preventive effect on the occurrence of injuries. An explanation for this finding may be the direct hormonal effect of contraceptives, for example on neuromuscular control and joint laxity, or an indirect effect through personal characteristics related to contraceptive use, such as health behaviour or risk-taking behaviour.
DECREASED AVERAGE POWER OF THE HIP EXTERNAL MUSCLES AS A RISK FACTOR FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF LOWER EXTREMITY INJURY IN WOMEN: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Verrelst Ruth , Tiggelen Damien Van , Ridder Roel De , Witvrouw Erik 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundAttention has turned into the role of proximal risk factors in the development of lower extremity (LE) injury.ObjectiveTo prospectively identify hip strength associated risk factors contributing to the development of LE injury.DesignProspective cohort design.SettingDepartment of Physical Education at the University of Ghent, Belgium.ParticipantsNinety-four healthy, female physical education students aged 19.53±1.07 years were tested.Assessment of Risk FactorsTesting included isokinetic hip strength measurements of abductors, adductors, internal rotators and external rotators.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe LE injury follow-up of the subjects was assessed using a weekly online questionnaire and a three-monthly retrospective control questionnaire. Lower extremity injury was diagnosed by an experienced M.D. (Doctor of Medicine). Cox regression analysis was used to identify the potential risk factors for the development of LE injury.ResultsThirty-four subjects were diagnosed with LE injury during follow-up. The results of this study identified that decreased average power (AVP) (P=0.031) for concentric external rotation strength was found to be a significant risk factor for LE injury. No other hip strength parameters were found to be significant contributors to the development of LE injury.ConclusionsDecreased AVP of the hip external muscles was identified as a significant predictor for LE injury in females, whereas no peak torque parameters were found to be of predictive value. A stabilizing muscle group such as the gluteal muscle group might be more challenged in a functional outcome measure then in a peak outcome measure. AVP might be therefore be considered as a more accurate parameter to evaluate strength of stabilizing muscles.