bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethnic–racial discrimination and socialization: Short‐term longitudinal effects on Black and Latinx young adults' ethnic–racial identity
Authors: Osman Kayla M. , Berkley Steven , Zeiders Katharine H. , Landor Antoinette M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractShort‐term longitudinal data were used to examine how racial discrimination, cultural socialization (CS), and preparation for bias (PB) related to Black and Latinx young adults' public and private regard. Black (n = 90) and Latinx (n = 54) young adults (Mage = 20 years) were assessed at two time points, 6 weeks apart. Racial discrimination predicted lower levels of public regard 6 week later; whereas PB predicted greater levels of private regard. CS moderated the relations between racial discrimination and private regard suggesting that at low levels of CS, discrimination related to lower private regard 6 weeks later. Findings demonstrate the short‐term effects of racial discrimination and suggest that ethnic–racial socialization is a salient cultural resource for young adults.
Phylogenomic support for the allopolyploid origin of the northwest Iberian endemic orchid Dactylorhiza cantabrica with Hyb‐Seq
Authors: Pardo Otero Eva , Pimentel Manuel , Sahuquillo Balbuena Elvira , Piñeiro Rosalía 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe orchid Dactylorhiza cantabrica H.A. Pedersen is a narrow endemic occurring in the western Cantabrian Mountains in northwest Spain. Previous allozyme and morphological studies suggest that it might have resulted from the hybridization of two widespread congeners: the triploid Dactylorhiza insularis and the diploid Dactylorhiza sambucina. However, this hypothesis has not been tested using multiple genetic markers necessary to analyze phylogenies in complex genera such as Dactylorhiza. In this study, the Hyb‐Seq technique is applied together with the universal Angiosperms353 probe kit to sequence multiple plastid and low‐copy nuclear genes. The phylogenetic relationships between the three species, estimated based on 269 and 266 nuclear genes under concatenation and coalescent‐based approaches, respectively, revealed highly supported clades containing each putative parent, D. insularis and D. sambucina. The position of D. cantabrica was not well resolved, suggesting the existence of mixed inheritance, where different genes come from each parent. Phylogenetic networks, used for visualizing the conflict between nuclear gene trees, placed D. cantabrica between the two parents and revealed high levels of reticulation. In addition, nuclear genetic variation within and among species was explored with allele frequency‐based tools further supporting the intermediate position of D. cantabrica and the hypothesis of a recent hybrid origin. Finally, 75 plastid genes revealed that D. insularis might have been the maternal donor. Altogether, our results point to the allopolyploid origin of D. cantabrica from D. insularis and D. sambucina, as well as to the clear genetic differentiation of the two parental species.
Immunohistochemical expression of CYP11A1, CYP11B, CYP17, and HSD3B2 in functional and nonfunctional canine adrenocortical tumors
Authors: Allan Frederik , Watson Alice H. , Syme Harriet M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundFunctionality of human adrenal tumors is inferred by CYP11B1 (cortisol synthase) expression, CYP11B2 (aldosterone synthase) expression, or both.Hypothesis/ObjectivesNonfunctional canine adrenal tumors have low expression of steroidogenic enzymes, whereas aldosterone‐producing tumors express CYP11B, and cortisol‐producing tumors express both CYP11B and CYP17.AnimalsTwenty‐two client‐owned dogs with adrenocortical tumors (ACT) (8 nonfunctional, 7‐cortisol producing, 2 aldosterone‐producing and 5 functional noncortisol producing) and 2 dogs with normal adrenal glands.MethodsRetrospective case series. Adrenal functionality was determined from clinical signs and endocrine testing. CYP11A1, CYP11B, CYP17, and HSD3B2 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry on formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded adrenal tissue. Protein expression was semiquantified by 2 blinded observers using H‐scoring (results reported as median [range]) and compared in nonfunctional and cortisol‐producing adrenal tumors by Mann‐Whitney U tests.ResultsCYP11A1, CYP11B, and HSD3B2 were present within all cortical layers of normal adrenal glands, and CYP17 was expressed within the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis. Expression of CYP11A1 (191.25 [97.5‐270] vs. 175 [102.5‐295] P = .69), CYP11B (190 [130‐265] vs. 147.5 [95‐202.5]; P = .07), CYP17 (177.5 [87.5‐240] vs. 247.5 [55‐292.5]; P = .40), and HSD3B2 (230 [47.5‐295] vs. 277.5 [67.5‐295]; P = .34) were not significantly different between cortisol‐producing and nonfunctional ACT.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceOur findings suggest it is not possible to determine functionality of canine ACT by immunohistochemistry for steroidogenic enzymes. Tumor size cannot be used to infer functionality of adrenal tumors.
Agminated Eruptive Melanocytic Nevi and Nail Changes Following Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Jaros Scott C. , Morrell Dean S. , Nieman Elizabeth L. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTEruptive melanocytic nevi (EMN) have been reported in the setting of immunosuppression, chemotherapy, and bullous skin disease, including less commonly, Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). This case report presents a 4‐year‐old girl who developed agminated EMN and nail changes after TEN. A systematic review of the literature supports clinically appropriate follow‐up of EMN, as there is no reports of malignancy in EMN following SJS/TEN, nor reports of pediatric melanoma arising within EMN of any etiology. Further study of the possible correlation of nail changes with the development of EMN and better characterization of the dermoscopic features of EMN could improve monitoring and care of these patients.
Linearism, Universalism and Scope Ambiguities
Authors: Frigerio Aldo 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn this paper, I distinguish two possible families of semantics of the open future: Linearism, according to which future tense sentences are evaluated with respect to a unique possible future history, and Universalism, according to which future tense sentences are evaluated universally quantifying on the histories passing through the moment of evaluation. An argument in favour of Linearism is based on the fact future tense does not exhibit scope interactions with negation. Todd (2020, 2021) defends Universalism against this argument proposing an error theory, according to which the speakers engaged in non‐philosophical conversations implicitly assume a linearist semantics of the future. In this paper, I show that an error theory is not needed for defending Universalism and that the scopelessness of negation can have another explanation. The absence of a wide‐scope reading of negation characterises many other linguistic constructions: counterfactuals, vague predicates, generics and plural definite descriptions. My main thesis is that, their considerable differences aside, these constructions have something in common: they are true when the predicate applies to the members of a set, false when the predicate does not apply to the members of the set and indeterminate in the intermediate cases. When negation interacts with such constructions tends to take the narrow scope reading only. I review two types of explanations for this behaviour, one semantic and the other pragmatic. Since this explanation for the scopelessness of negation is at least as good as that of Linearism, I conclude that the argument against Universalism is ineffective.
Fractional CO2 Laser‐Assisted Delivery of Botulinum Toxin‐A Versus Aluminum Chloride in Treatment of Primary Palmar Hyperhidrosis
Authors: Elsayed Manal , Ghonemy Soheir , Sheneeb Najat , Elradi Mona 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPrimary palmar hyperhidrosis (PPH) constitutes a distressing dermatologic condition that greatly affects patients' quality of life. Its management still needs to be addressed to find a suitable therapeutic modality that is readily available, cost effective, and gives patients a quite long disease‐free period.ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of fractional CO2 laser as a delivery method for botulinum toxin‐A (BTX‐A) and aluminum chloride in treating PPH.Patients and MethodsTwenty‐four subjects with PPH were treated on both hands with fractional CO2 laser followed on the right hand with topical BTX‐A and on the left hand with topical aluminum chloride. Minor's starch–iodine test and Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS) were used for evaluation of treatment response and for follow‐up.ResultsThere was a significant improvement in HDSS in both groups, but there was no statistically significant difference in the therapeutic response for both modalities. There was a statistically significant longer disease‐free period in the BTX‐A‐treated hands.ConclusionFractional CO2 laser‐assisted drug delivery (LADD) represents a safe, minimally invasive procedure that enhances the delivery of BTX‐A and aluminum chloride, the two most widely used agents for treating PPH, with a comparable anhidrotic response.
How long do bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses retain their replication capacity on inanimate surfaces? A systematic review examining environmental resilience versus healthcare-associated infection risk by “fomite-borne risk assessment”
Authors: Kramer Axel , Lexow Franziska , Bludau Anna , Köster Antonia Milena , Misailovski Martin , Seifert Ulrike , Eggers Maren , Rutala William , Dancer Stephanie J. , Scheithauer Simone 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARY

In healthcare settings, contaminated surfaces play an important role in the transmission of nosocomial pathogens potentially resulting in healthcare-associated infections (HAI). Pathogens can be transmitted directly from frequent hand-touch surfaces close to patients or indirectly by staff and visitors. HAI risk depends on exposure, extent of contamination, infectious dose (ID), virulence, hygiene practices, and patient vulnerability. This review attempts to close a gap in previous reviews on persistence/tenacity by only including articles (
n
= 171) providing quantitative data on re-cultivable pathogens from fomites for a better translation into clinical settings. We have therefore introduced the new term “replication capacity” (RC). The RC is affected by the degree of contamination, surface material, temperature, relative humidity, protein load, organic soil, UV-light (sunlight) exposure, and pH value. In general, investigations into surface RC are mainly performed
in vitro
using reference strains with high inocula.
In vitro
data from studies on 14 Gram-positive, 26 Gram-negative bacteria, 18 fungi, 4 protozoa, and 37 viruses. It should be regarded as a worst-case scenario indicating the upper bounds of risks when using such data for clinical decision-making. Information on RC after surface contamination could be seen as an opportunity to choose the most appropriate infection prevention and control (IPC) strategies. To help with decision-making, pathogens characterized by an increased nosocomial risk for transmission from inanimate surfaces (“fomite-borne”) are presented and discussed in this systematic review. Thus, the review offers a theoretical basis to support local risk assessments and IPC recommendations.
Perspectives on the future of ecology, evolution, and biodiversity from the Council on Microbial Sciences of the American Society for Microbiology
Authors: Akob Denise M. , Oates A. Elizabeth , Girguis Peter R. , Badgley Brian D. , Cooper Vaughn S. , Poretsky Rachel S. , Tierney Braden T. , Litchman Elena , Whitaker Rachel J. , Whiteson Katrine L. , Metcalf C. Jessica E. ,   Ecology Evolutionary and Biodiversity Retreat Participants, Akter Salma , Baltrus David , Behringer Megan , Shittu Olufunke Bolatito , Bose Arpita , Chowdhury Monzur , Criss Alison , Gempeler Catalina Cuellar , Chou Hsin-Hung David , Drown Devin , Dunigan David , Esmaeili Saber , Koskella Britt , Lennon Jay , Looft Torey , Lovejoy Connie , Makhalanyane Thulani , Zambrano Maria Mercedes , Newman Jeffrey , Oyetibo Ganiyu Oladunjoye , Adejumo Timothy Olubisi , Peralta Ariane , Perez-Jimenez Jose R. , Reguera Gemma , Richer Renee , Santo Domingo Jorge W. , Schloss Patrick , Sharpton Tom , Steele Joshua , Stein Lisa , Thrash Cameron , Weinheimer Alaina , Williams Laura , Charlson Elisha Wood , Young Vincent , Murilo Zerbini F. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

The field of microbial ecology, evolution, and biodiversity (EEB) is at the leading edge of understanding how microbes shape our biosphere and influence the well-being of humankind and Earth. To that end, EEB is developing new transdisciplinary tools to analyze these ecologically critical, complex microbial communities. The American Society for Microbiology’s Council on Microbial Sciences hosted a virtual retreat in 2023 to discuss the trajectory of EEB both within the Society and microbiology writ large. The retreat emphasized the interconnectedness of microbes and their outsized global influence on environmental and host health. The maximal potential impact of EEB will not be achieved without contributions from disparate fields that unite diverse technologies and data sets. In turn, this level of transdisciplinary efforts requires actively encouraging “broad” research, spanning inclusive global collaborations that incorporate both scientists and the public. Together, the American Society for Microbiology and EEB are poised to lead a paradigm shift that will result in a new era of collaboration, innovation, and societal relevance for microbiology.
Supplemental Material: Influence of reactivated basement structures on evolving orogens: Along-strike diachronous Himalayan metamorphism in far west Nepal
Authors: Morrell Taylor Rae I. 
Published: October 2024

<p>Table S1: Sample GPS coordinates. Table S2: LASS-ICP-MS data. Table S3: EMPA data. Table S4: XRF data. Texts S1–S4: Detailed methodology, additional results, and figures. File S1: Full BSE thin section maps of samples, with monazite and allanite grains located. File S2: EMPA qualitative maps of monazite and allanite. File S3: LASS-ICP-MS spot locations on monazite and allanite grains. </p>
Exploring the Relationship Between Ethical Leadership and Nurses’ Moral Courage in China: The Mediating Effect of Psychological Empowerment
Authors: Wang Xuan , Zhou Lijuan , Wen Xianxiu , Gou Li 
Published: October 2024

Aim: To empirically investigate the impact of ethical leadership on nurses’ moral courage in China and examine the mediating role of psychological empowerment in this relationship.Background: Moral courage is essential for alleviating nurses’ moral distress, safeguarding patients’ safety and rights, and providing high‐quality care. Previous studies have emphasized the strong relationship between ethical leadership and moral courage; however, little is known about the actual impact of ethical leadership on nurses’ moral courage. This study introduces psychological empowerment, sets out to test empirically its role in the relationship between ethical leadership and moral courage, and provides countermeasures and a theoretical basis for cultivating nurses’ moral courage.Methods: Between February and May 2023, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 837 nurses from five hospitals in Sichuan Province, southwest China. The three validated self‐report scales, the ethical leadership scale, psychological empowerment scale, and nurses’ moral courage scale, were used to collect data. We used IBM SPSS 27.0 for descriptive statistics, univariate analyses, Cronbach’s α, and correlations of each variable, modeling a hypothesized model of ethical leadership on moral courage in nurses and testing the internal mechanisms by AMOS 26.0.Results: Ethical leadership significantly positively correlated with psychological empowerment (r = 0.374, p <  0.01), as well as moral courage (r = 0.341, p <  0.01). In addition, psychological empowerment significantly positively correlated with moral courage (r = 0.518, p <  0.01). The structural equation modeling (SEM) shows a satisfactory model fit: χ2 = 2156.36, df = 849, χ2/df = 2.540, root mean square of approximation = 0.043, standard root mean square residual = 0.047, normed fit index = 0.911, Tucker–Lewis index = 0.941, and comparative fit index = 0.944. Ethical leadership directly influenced moral courage (β = 0.135, p = 0.006) and indirectly affected moral courage via psychological empowerment (β = 0.247, p = 0.001).Conclusion: Promoting ethical leadership and psychological empowerment is essential for nurses to promote moral courage. The results of this study illustrate the pivotal role of psychological empowerment in establishing the impact of ethical leadership on nurses’ moral courage and the partially mediating part of psychological empowerment in this relationship.Implications for Nursing Management: Nursing managers should understand the importance of moral courage in protecting patients’ rights and interests, as well as in maintaining a stable nursing workforce. They should reinforce the positive influence of ethical leadership and embrace an ethical leadership style. In addition, providing relevant training to enhance nurses’ psychological empowerment will help cultivate moral courage among them.
Reading Subtext: Evaluating Large Language Models on Short Story Summarization with Writers
Authors: Subbiah Melanie , Zhang Sean , Chilton Lydia B. , McKeown Kathleen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We evaluate recent Large Language Models (LLMs) on the challenging task of summarizing short stories, which can be lengthy, and include nuanced subtext or scrambled timelines. Importantly, we work directly with authors to ensure that the stories have not been shared online (and therefore are unseen by the models), and to obtain informed evaluations of summary quality using judgments from the authors themselves. Through quantitative and qualitative analysis grounded in narrative theory, we compare GPT-4, Claude-2.1, and LLama-2-70B. We find that all three models make faithfulness mistakes in over 50% of summaries and struggle with specificity and interpretation of difficult subtext. We additionally demonstrate that LLM ratings and other automatic metrics for summary quality do not correlate well with the quality ratings from the writers.
First Report on Taxonomic Significance of Foliar Microanatomy of Lamiaceae Taxa from Pakistan; A Correct Tool for Taxa Authentication
Authors: JABEEN SHAISTA , ZAFAR MUHAMMAD , AHMAD MUSHTAQ , AMEEN MARIA , AHMAD SHABIR , GILLANI SYED WASEEM , ALWAHIBI MONA S , ELSHIKH MOHAMED S , IQBAL RASHID 
Published: October 2024

The foliar epidermal, stomatal and trichome properties are frequently used as plant microscopic attributes from a taxonomic or ecological perspective. Among the angiosperm families, the Lamiaceae is one of the most taxonomically difficult, economically significant, and medicinally important families. To better understand the foliar microanatomy of Lamiaceae taxa obtained from Northern Pakistan, this study attempts to determine the variational and diagnostic features of 27 species that were analyzed using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). UPGMA cluster analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and semantic differential chart (SDC) were used to characterize, visualize, and compare the leaf micromorphology across all species. Three different types of epidermal cell types were examined on both foliar surfaces i.e., irregular, hexagonal, and polygonal. Anticlinal wall pattern also shows variation. Anomocytic stomata is dominant in 8 studied species followed by paractic in 5 species, anisocytic in 4 species and diacytic in 2 species. The trichomes could be broadly classified into two groups, glandular trichomes (GTs) and non-glandular trichomes (NGTs). Lamiaceae has two types of glandular trichomes, small capitate and large peltate, which differ in size, structure, and distribution. In present research five distinct forms of non-glandular trichomes are unicellular, multicellular, stellate, branched, and unbranched trichomes. The results that characterized, illustrated, and contrasted the leaf anatomical characteristics of the Lamiaceae taxa can be better understood with the aid of statistical analysis. Future research will depend on these findings to improve the systematics of Lamiaceae taxa. These characteristics have a large taxonomic potential when considered as a whole.
A case of convexity non-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by cerebral sinus thrombosis
Authors: Abasi Ali , Moradkhani Asra , Rahimi Shiva , Magrouni Hannah 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Convexity subarachnoid hemorrhage (cSAH) is an uncommon presentation of subarachnoid bleeding, referring to bleeding more localized to the convexities of the brain. The diagnosis of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) can be difficult especially when patients initially present with cSAH. The authors present a case and then discuss the pathophysiology and management.

Case presentation
A 56-year-old woman with a previous history of hypertension and ischemic heart disease presented to the emergency department after experiencing it. Two seizures following a severe headache. The patient’s history was negative for recent illnesses, head trauma, history of migraines, smoking, alcohol consumption, or intravenous drug use. The patient was diagnosed with CVST based on magnetic resonance venography (MRV). Genetic studies further identified homozygous mutations in the Prothrombin and MTHFR genes. Anticoagulant therapy was initiated with 60 mg of Enoxaparin twice daily and subsequently transitioned to Warfarin after 48 h continued for 3 months, and then replaced by rivaroxaban.

Conclusions
This study highlights the importance of considering CVST as a cause of SAH, emphasizes the role of advanced imaging in diagnosis, and demonstrates a successful treatment approach using both traditional and direct oral anticoagulants. The insights provided in this article can contribute to improving the management of patients with CVST-related SAH.