bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences of rural poverty in Stratford district, Aotearoa New Zealand: A qualitative study with implications for rural social work
Authors: Pitt Lesley 
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION: People experiencing poverty who live in rural communities may have complex needs as rurality exacerbates their issues. Isolation, stigma, transport difficulties and a lack of services contribute to the challenges experienced by people living in rural communities who experience poverty. For social workers, responses need to be creative and flexible to counter the lack of services or people being unable to access services due to distance and/or a lack of transport.
METHODS: I conducted semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 28 participants. Participants self-identified as experiencing poverty and ranged in age from teenagers to over 65s. Transcripts were analysed using applied thematic analysis.

FINDINGS: Four themes were identified: stigma, isolation, transportation and access to services. Issues in these areas exacerbated participants’ experience of poverty.

CONCLUSION: The findings of the study suggest that there is a significant advocacy role for social workers in rural communities regarding access to services and service development, transportation and challenging stigma to improve the lives of people living in rural communities who experience poverty. Further investigation is suggested to explore specific groups experiencing poverty in rural communities, particularly Māori, and to consider other marginalised identity groups and different geographical areas.
Can Manual Lymph Drainage Be Considered as a Passive Recovery Strategy?
Authors: Kiloatar Humeyra , Aydogdu Delibay Aylin , Turutgen Nisa , Karavelioglu Mihri Baris 
Published: October 2024

Context: The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of Swedish massage and manual lymph drainage (MLD) on performance parameters related to jumping, walking, and blood lactic acid levels after Nordic hamstring exercises. Design: This study was designed as a controlled crossover study. Methods: The study included 16 young trained men. Participants’ lactic acid levels, gait-related parameters, and jumping performance were assessed. Assessments were performed at baseline, after Nordic hamstring exercises, and after 3 different passive recovery strategies: resting, Swedish massage, and MLD for 3 weeks. Results: As a result of the study, it was observed that lactic acid levels after the MLD and massage intervention were significantly lower in both MLD and massage conditions compared with the control condition (P < .05). There was no within- and between-conditions difference in jumping parameters after the MLD and massage interventions (P > .05). Walking speed in the MLD condition was statistically higher following the intervention compared with both before and after exercise (P < .05). Step time in the massage condition was statistically lower after the intervention compared with after Nordic hamstring exercise (P < .05). Conclusions: Although MLD and massage interventions have positive effects on lactic acid levels and walking and jumping parameters, they are not superior to each other. MLD can be used as a passive recovery technique after exercise.
Rupture direction of paleoearthquakes on the Alpine Fault, New Zealand, as recorded by curved slickenlines
Authors: Barth Nicolas C. , Kearse Jesse R. , Little Timothy A. , Van Dissen Russ J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We observed and further exhumed curved slickenlines on fault planes associated with paleo-surface rupture of the Alpine Fault, New Zealand's ∼30 mm/yr continental transform plate boundary. Dynamic rupture modeling indicates that the geometry of such curvature provides a record of past earthquake rupture directions. We focused our efforts on three sites that span a region known to variably halt or allow passage of past earthquakes (an “earthquake gate”) to contribute rupture direction constraints to the fault's spatiotemporally rich paleoseismic record. At Hokuri Creek and Martyr River, we observed both convex-up and convex-down curved slickenlines on and adjacent to principal slip surfaces, indicating past ruptures from both the northeast and southwest of these locations. At Martyr River, relationships suggest that the most recent event (inferred to correlate to 1717 CE) ruptured from the southwest. Our results demonstrate the utility of curved slickenlines as a valuable new paleoseismological tool for determining past rupture directions, applicable to surface-rupturing faults globally.
Correlating $$B\rightarrow K^{(*)} \nu \bar{\nu }$$ and flavor anomalies in SMEFT
Authors: Chen Feng-Zhi , Wen Qiaoyi , Xu Fanrong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe recent measurement of $$\mathcal {B}(B^+\rightarrow K^+\nu \bar{\nu })$$

B
(

B
+

→

K
+

ν

ν

¯

)

by Belle-II reveals a $$2.8~\sigma $$

2.8

σ

deviation from the Standard Model (SM) prediction. Combining this with a prior Belle measurement of $$\mathcal {B}(B^{0}\rightarrow K^{*0}\nu \bar{\nu })$$

B
(

B
0

→

K

∗
0

ν

ν

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)

, the upper bound of the ratio $$\mathcal {B}(B^{0}\rightarrow K^{*0}\nu \bar{\nu })/\mathcal {B}(B^+\rightarrow K^+\nu \bar{\nu })$$

B

(

B
0

→

K

∗
0

ν

ν

¯

)

/
B

(

B
+

→

K
+

ν

ν

¯

)

is notably smaller than the SM prediction. In this work, tensions are solved within the framework of Standard Model effective field theory (SMEFT). The flavor-changing-neutral-current (FCNC) and charged-current observables of either down-type ($$b\rightarrow s\nu \bar{\nu }$$

b
→
s
ν

ν

¯

, $$b\rightarrow s\ell ^+\ell ^-$$

b
→
s

ℓ
+

ℓ
-

, and $$b\rightarrow u_i\ell \bar{\nu }$$

b
→

u
i

ℓ

ν

¯

) or up-type ($$u_j\rightarrow u_i\nu \bar{\nu }$$

u
j

→

u
i

ν

ν

¯

, $$u_j\rightarrow u_i\ell ^+\ell ^-$$

u
j

→

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i

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+

ℓ
-

, and $$u_j\rightarrow s\ell \bar{\nu }$$

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j

→
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) processes, described by low-energy effective field theory (LEFT) operators, are interconnected by a minimal set of four SMEFT operators at the electroweak scale. Subsequently, we obtain the latest ranges of Wilson coefficients for these four operators through a global fit that accommodates flavor anomalies such as $$R_{K^{(*)}}$$

R

K

(

∗
)

, $$R_{D^{(*)}}$$

R

D

(

∗
)

, and $$\mathcal {B}(B\rightarrow K^{(*)}\nu \bar{\nu })$$

B
(
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→

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(

∗
)

ν

ν

¯

)

. Our findings reveal that predictions for $$\mathcal {B}(B^+\rightarrow \tau ^+\nu _\tau )$$

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(

B
+

→

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+

ν
τ

)

and $$\mathcal {B}(D_s^+\rightarrow \tau ^+\nu _\tau )$$

B
(

D
s
+

→

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+

ν
τ

)

align well with measured values from Belle and BESIII, based on the fitted coefficients. The predicted branching fraction for $$B^0\rightarrow K^{*0}\nu \bar{\nu }$$

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0

→

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∗
0

ν

ν

¯

is $$(1.42\pm 0.74)\times 10^{-5}$$

(
1.42
±
0.74
)

×

10

-
5

, closely approaching the current experimental upper limit. Anticipation surrounds the rare decay $$B_s\rightarrow \tau ^+ \tau ^-$$

B
s

→

τ
+

τ
-

, expected in the near future with a branching fraction on the order of $$10^{-4}$$

10

-
4

.
Looking Backward, Looking Forward
Authors: Nordhaus William 
Published: October 2024

This essay discusses three themes of my scholarly life from my student days up to today. They involve technological change, environmental accounting, and energy-climate-economic analysis. These themes have common analytical roots in the economic theory of public goods and encounter thorny issues of governance because of the Westphalian roots of international law and practice. Many of the issues, such as devising measures of natural capital and the need for strengthened international institutions, are just as pressing today as they were during my student days in the 1960s. In writing this, the enduring insight is that hindsight is the best foresight.
Justice Matters: Equality-Efficiency Tradeoff in Principles of Macroeconomics
Authors: Vechsuruck Tanadej 
Published: October 2024

Students who are trained in standard macroeconomics often prioritize economic efficiency over other values, such as justice. Most of them believe that to achieve higher efficiency, a society needs to sacrifice economic justice. In other words, there exists a tradeoff between equality and efficiency. In my Principles of Macroeconomics class, I therefore create lectures and assignments including self-reflections and group discussions to persuade students to question the value of economic efficiency and justice. The assignments raise the awareness of students about economic justice as another essential value in society. The goal is to encourage students to rethink macroeconomic policies critically, reevaluate their moral biases, and cultivate their moral compass when dealing with ethical dilemmas. JEL Classification: A22, B0, D63, E0
Proposed Classification of Syndesmotic Soft Tissue Impingement and Its Association With Lateral Talar Cartilage Lesions
Authors: Yoon Yeo Kwon , Park Kwang Hwan , Shim Dong Woo , Lee Wonwoo , Jang Chul-Young , Lee Jin Woo , Han Seung Hwan 
Published: October 2024

Background: Syndesmotic impingement syndrome has been described to explain persistent lateral or anterolateral ankle pain. This condition is thought to often result from a rotational ankle injury. This study aimed to identify the type of syndesmotic impingement tissue according to arthroscopic and histologic findings and to analyze its association with lateral talar cartilage lesions. Methods: This retrospective study included 107 ankles in 105 patients who underwent arthroscopic surgery for syndesmotic impingement syndrome from January 2017 to August 2019. Histologic findings of biopsied impingement tissue were obtained in 59 ankles (55.1%) and compared with gross findings on arthroscopy. Cartilage lesions were evaluated using the International Cartilage Repair Society grading system. Risk factors associated with lateral talar cartilage injury were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Based on the histologic results, the most common pathology was fibrosis (24 ankles [22.4%]), followed by fatty degeneration (23 ankles [21.5%]), synovial hyperplasia (8 ankles [7.5%]), and inflammatory synovium (4 ankles [3.7%]). Interclass correlation coefficient was 0.841 ( P = .001) between histologic results and arthroscopic findings. Patients with fibrotic impingement tissue had on average a significantly longer duration of symptoms (12 vs 48 months, P = .021). A lateral talar dome cartilage lesion was detected in 25 ankles (23.4%). Fibrotic impingement tissue was the only factor significantly associated with lateral talar dome lesion on multivariate logistic regression analysis (odds ratio 10.04; 95% CI 1.84-54.9; P = .008) Conclusion: Syndesmotic impingement with fibrotic tissue was often associated with cartilage lesions at the lateral talar dome. Patients with prolonged anterolateral or lateral ankle pain after a rotational ankle injury warrant careful assessment for possible syndesmotic impingement by fibrotic tissue and associated lateral talar cartilage injury.
Association between the presence of CRISPR-Cas system genes and antibiotic resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from patients admitted in Ahvaz teaching hospitals
Authors: Montazeri Effat Abbasi , Saki Morteza , Savari Mohammad , Meghdadi Hossein , Akrami Sousan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
This study aims to investigate the frequency of cas1 and cas3 and CRISPR1,2,3 genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, as well as their connection with antibiotic resistance.

Materials and methods
106 K. pneumoniae isolates were identified by biochemical assays and PCR. The susceptibility to antibiotics was determined by Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. Screening of ESBLs was undertaken by using double disk diffusion and standard disk diffusion methods. The E-test and mCIM techniques was used to confirm the disc diffusion-based carbapenem resistance profiles. CRISPR-Cas system genes were identified using PCR.

Results
ESBL production was found in 19% of isolates. Carbapenemase production was found in 46% of the isolates. Furthermore, the bacteria were classified as multidrug (76%), extensively drug-resistant (4%), or pan-drug-resistant (2%). When CRISPR/Cas systems were present, antibiotic resistance was lower; conversely, when they were absent, resistance was higher.

Conclusions
If the CRISPR/Cas modules aren’t present, the bacteria can still acquire foreign DNA, including antibiotic resistance genes. K. pneumoniae isolates with a CRISPR-Cas system were less likely to carry antibiotic-resistance genes than those lacking this defense system.
Understanding and training for the impact of large language models and artificial intelligence in healthcare practice: a narrative review
Authors: McCoy Liam G. , Ci Ng Faye Yu , Sauer Christopher M. , Yap Legaspi Katelyn Edelwina , Jain Bhav , Gallifant Jack , McClurkin Michael , Hammond Alessandro , Goode Deirdre , Gichoya Judy , Celi Leo Anthony 
Published: October 2024

AbstractReports of Large Language Models (LLMs) passing board examinations have spurred medical enthusiasm for their clinical integration. Through a narrative review, we reflect upon the skill shifts necessary for clinicians to succeed in an LLM-enabled world, achieving benefits while minimizing risks. We suggest how medical education must evolve to prepare clinicians capable of navigating human-AI systems.
International medical students’ experiences of psychological safety in feedback episodes: a focused ethnographic study
Authors: Thomas Carolyn , Gupta Shalini 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Feedback and psychological safety are well-established concepts within medical education, vital for student learning and progress. However, the concepts remain unexplored in the context of international students. This area deserves attention given the unique challenges faced by the overseas medical students due to cultural differences. The present study examines international students’ experiences of psychological safety in feedback interactions in a Scottish undergraduate medical programme.

Methods
A focused ethnographic approach was adopted to explore international students’ experiences and perceptions of psychological safety in their feedback experiences. Data were collected in the form of field observations and semi-structured interviews, involving both student and faculty participants. Approximately 13hrs of fieldwork and a total of 11 interviews were conducted. These were analysed using a combination of inductive and deductive thematic analysis.

Results
Data analysis identified four key themes: feedback delivery, educator attributes, cultural factors and longitudinal educational relationships. Both staff and student participants highlighted how environmental factors such as room design and group size functioned as enablers or barriers to psychological safety in feedback episodes. Additionally, students appreciated tutors who expressed vulnerability and demonstrated awareness of their cultural backgrounds. Students described significant differences between the feedback approaches in the host (UK) institute and that in their home country. Longitudinal associations fostered trust and familiarity with peers and tutors, enhancing students’ receptivity to learning and feedback.

Conclusion
This present study highlights cultural differences in feedback practices across countries and their impact on psychological safety among international students. It stresses the importance of integrating overseas students by considering group dynamics, environment and diverse student needs. Staff awareness of cultural variability, openness to tutor vulnerability and fostering long-term educational relationships can greatly enhance psychological safety in learning and teaching activities. These insights are relevant amidst the growing globalisation of medical education and the mobility of students across borders, advocating for tailored integration to optimise their learning experience and achievement.
The significance of a dialectical approach to enrich health professions education
Authors: de Ruiter M. C. , van Klaveren L.-M. , Geukers V. G. M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Lancet Global Independent Commission has called for a systems-based approach to health professions education. They emphasised the acquisition of collaborative skills, critical reasoning and ethical conduct to prepare students for interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP). Interprofessional education (IPE) has been put forward as a promising strategy. However, despite the global efforts to incorporate IPE in health professions education curricula, the evidence for a positive impact on IPCP is still inconclusive. This may be related to the misalignment between competency-driven IPE programs that focus on end-stage professional competence and the non-linear development of students’ competence that is necessary for the dynamical nature of IPCP. Therefore, we argue that health professions education, and IPE in particular, needs to incorporate these dynamical processes including social and organization sensitivity. We present a conceptual framework that integrates the Cultural-Historical Theory, the principles of dialectical thinking and the concept of metastable attunement. While dialectical thinking is the ability to perceive the complexity of a dynamic reality that is in a state of constant transition, metastable attunement refers to the consequent adjustment to it. The subsequent instructional design employs a dialectical approach to teaching and learning, based on mediating activities and dialectical inquiry. To reach the full potential of this approach, the mediating activities should ensure a continuum of learning across the curriculum. In addition, faculty development needs to focus on the principles of dialectical inquiry as a pedagogy to optimally guide students. Further research into the extent to which healthcare professionals and students think dialectically may inform improvements to the proposed instructional design, the structure of the learning continuum and the essential requirements for faculty development.
Navigating HIV research among criminalized gender minority populations in Uganda: qualitative insights and lessons learned from novice researchers
Authors: Muwanguzi Patience A. , Nabunya Racheal , Ngabirano Tom D. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Transgender individuals often face stigma, discrimination, and various forms of abuse, which negatively impact their mental and physical health. They face a significantly greater risk of HIV, with a higher prevalence than the general population. Despite these challenges, transgender people have limited access to healthcare due to violence, legal barriers, and societal stigma, further exacerbated in countries like Uganda, where transgender identities are criminalized. Therefore, this study explored the lived experiences of HIV researchers working with gender minority populations in criminalizing contexts.

Methods
This was an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) qualitative study. Twelve (12) research team members at all levels were involved in the study. Participants had less than five years of involvement in HIV research among gender minority populations. Data were collected using field notes, reflective journals, documentation from daily team debriefing sessions, and semi-structured interviews. The analysis used NVivo software.

Results
Positive experiences, barriers, and challenges were captured. The positive experiences were ‘respecting cultural diversity’, ‘expanding networks’, ‘addressing misconceptions’ and ‘finding allies’. The barriers included ‘experiencing stigma’, ‘lengthy research processes’, ‘feeling isolated’, ‘fearing for personal safety’, ‘unexpected logistical costs’, and ‘criminalization of sexual and gender minorities’. The key themes that emerged from the lessons learned were: ‘dealing with gatekeepers’, ‘diversity and sensitivity training’, ‘leveraging networks’, ’meaningful community engagement’, ‘reflexivity’, ‘ensuring safety’, ‘equal partnership’, ‘giving feedback’ and ‘awareness of legal implications’.

Conclusions
This study highlights the importance of cultural sensitivity, community engagement, and reflexivity in research design and implementation. The findings emphasize the need for innovative strategies to navigate legal, social, and logistical barriers that researchers and participants face. Despite these challenges, the study demonstrates that meaningful collaboration with community members and building trust can significantly enhance the research process and outcomes. Future research should continue to explore these strategies while addressing ethical and safety concerns.
APC mutations dysregulate alternative polyadenylation in cancer
Authors: Gabel Austin M. , Belleville Andrea E. , Thomas James D. , Pineda Jose Mario Bello , Bradley Robert K. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Alternative polyadenylation (APA) affects most human genes and is recurrently dysregulated in all studied cancers. However, the mechanistic origins of this dysregulation are incompletely understood.

Results
We describe an unbiased analysis of molecular regulators of poly(A) site selection across The Cancer Genome Atlas and identify that colorectal adenocarcinoma is an outlier relative to all other cancer subtypes. This distinction arises from the frequent presence of loss-of-function APC mutations in colorectal adenocarcinoma, which are strongly associated with long 3′ UTR expression relative to tumors lacking APC mutations. APC knockout similarly dysregulates APA in human colon organoids. By mining previously published APC eCLIP data, we show that APC preferentially binds G- and C-rich motifs just upstream of proximal poly(A) sites. Lastly, we find that reduced APC expression is associated with APA dysregulation in tumor types lacking recurrent APC mutations.

Conclusions
As APC has been previously identified as an RNA-binding protein that preferentially binds 3′ UTRs during mouse neurogenesis, our results suggest that APC promotes proximal poly(A) site use and that APC loss and altered expression contribute to pervasive APA dysregulation in cancers.