bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in pre-operative diagnosis of breast lesions in Kadapa region of Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Reddy Chakarala Obula , Mohana Reddy Garisa Chandra 
Published: November 2017

Background: Various diagnostic methods have been developed to evaluate the palpable and non-palpable breast lesions, but Fine needle aspiration cytology of the palpable breast masses have become increasingly popular as a diagnostic technique to assess the breast lesions. To study the role of FNAC in diagnosis of breast lumps.Methods: 60 female patients (11-74 years age group) with palpable breast lump were utilized to study the role of Fine needle aspiration cytology for clinically palpable breast lump was carried out in Fathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh.Results: Fine needle aspiration cytology revealed benign in 22 patients, suspicious in 3 and 35 malignant lesions were 93.10% with false negative rate of 6.9% and false positive rate of 0%. The overall sensitivity of fine needle aspiration cytology in diagnosing the palpable breast lump in our study was 93.10%, specificity was 100%, positive predictive of 100% and negative predictive value of 90.47%.Conclusions: FNAC is easy to perform and painless procedure and standard tool for diagnosis of breast lumps with high percentage of true positives without virtual complications.
PANC 3 score as a simple cost-effective scoring system in predicting severity of acute pancreatitis
Authors: Panda Charan , Nayak Niranjan Kumar , Behera Manas Ranjan , Nayak Sanjit Kumar 
Published: November 2017

Background: Acute pancreatitis presents as acute abdomen, is an inflammatory process of the pancreas associated with local and systemic complications requiring, in such cases, an intensive care. At present, there are lots of scores (such as Ranson’s, APACHE II, bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis) that help us in predicting severity at the time of admission, but these are time consuming or require complex calculation and are costly. Our aim here is to analyse the simplified stratification system of the PANC 3 score, and its assessment in Predicting Severity of Acute Pancreatitis as decided by modified Marshals score.Methods: It is a prospective analytical observational study in which 74 patients were evaluated with PANC 3 scoring, who were diagnosed with acute pancreatitis and admitted to Dept. Of General Surgery, MKCG.Results: The results showed that PANC3 score had a 95.91% specificity, 68% sensitivity, 89.47% positive predictive value, and 85.45% negative predictive value, 86.48% diagnostic accuracy.Conclusions: PANC3 scoring system is one of the better systems because the three criteria used (haematocrit, body mass index, and pleural effusion) are simple, easy to assess, readily available, and economic Hence, the PANC3 score is a cost-effective, promising score that helps in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis and triaging the patient, leading to prompt management.
Comparative study of rapid urease test and histopathological examination for detection of H. pylori infection
Authors: Athavale Virendra S. , Singh Vinit , Khandalkar Shivmurti N. , Nirhale Dakshayani S. , Lad Aditya , Shetty Iresh 
Published: November 2017

Background: Aims and objectives of the study was to study the incidence of H. pylori infection in our Hospital. To find out the sensitivity and specificity of rapid urease test (RUT) and histopathological examination for the detection of H. pylori on gastric biopsy. To study the effect of anti H. pylori drugs by performing follow-up endoscopy in terms of positive or negative Rapid Urease Test and Histopathological Examination report.Methods: The study was conducted at Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College and Hospital, DPU University, for a period of 2 years (from July 2012-September 2014) and is a prospective and comparative randomized type of study using 100 patients. The study was approved by the Institute’s Ethics Committee.Results: Data analysis showed that: In our study 84 patients (84%) were detected positive by RUT method. In our study 83 patients (83 %) were detected positive by HPE method. There was an association between RUT and HPE finding in study group with the sensitivity being 96.38 % and specificity being 74.47 %, PPV was 95.24% and NPV was 81.25%. At the time of follow up after taking anti H pylori treatment, 79 patients were RUT negative and 8 were RUT positive who were defaulters (not taken complete dose) and again started on treatment with the accuracy of the drug being 98.85 %. At the time of follow up after taking anti H pylori treatment 78 patients were HPE negative and 9 were HPE positive who were defaulters (not taken complete dose) and again started on treatment. There was an association between RUT and HPE finding at follow up with the sensitivity being 88.89 % and specificity being 100%, PPV was 100% and NPV was 98.73%.Conclusions: Our study reveals that RUT is accurate for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection and its use will serve as a good alternative to histology in management of patients with dyspepsia in resource poor environments, except in patients who need histology for reasons other than H. pylori diagnosis.
Study of vitamin D levels in exclusively breastfed term infants in a tertiary care centre
Authors: M. Soumya 
Published: November 2017

Background: Exclusive breast-feeding is recommended up to 6 months of age with all its beneficial effects on child survival. Several studies have concluded that adequate intake of vitamin D cannot be met with human milk as the sole source of vitamin D. So this study was undertaken to study the serum vitamin D levels in exclusively breastfed babies and their mothers in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: It was a prospective observational study. A minimum of 100 healthy infants born at term (38-42 weeks) and weighed >2.5kgs at birth and who were exclusively breast fed from age group 3-6 months attending the hospitals attached to J J M M C were selected for study. Approval from the ethical committee of the institution was obtained.Results: In this study there were totally 43% of males and 57% of females. Among them 14 (14%) of the infants were vitamin D deficient and 19 (19%) infants were vitamin D insufficient. And in 100 mothers studied 25 (25%) mothers were vitamin D deficient and 24 (24%) mothers were insufficient of vitamin D. The mean vitamin D level in infants was 25.72 ng/ml (±11.31ng/ml) and in mothers’ it was 22.09ng/ml (±9.17ng/ml).Conclusions: Breastfeeding might be one the contributing factors if the infant is not adequately exposed to sunlight for endogenous synthesis of vitamin D and if the mother is deplete in vitamin D levels transferring lower amount of vitamin D to infant through breast milk.
UMA ANÁLISE DO PROCESSO DE ELABORAÇÃO DO PLANO MUNICIPAL DE EDUCAÇÃO DE RIO CLARO-SP
Authors: Da SIlva Mariana Aparecida , Segatto Muranaka Maria Aparecida 
Published: November 2017

O Plano Municipal de Educação (PME) é um importante instrumento que serve como guia de ação para o governo em oposição à imprevisibilidade. Ele deve expressar as diretrizes, as metas e os meios pelos quais o objetivos serão atingidos durante sua vigência, como as estratégias e as formas de colaboração dos entes federados, além do monitoramento e das avaliações constantes de sua implementação. O presente trabalho tem como objeto de análise o PME de Rio Claro (SP). De cunho qualitativo teve como objetivo acompanhar o processo de elaboração do PME como instrumento de política educacional, por meio da análise bibliográfica e documental. Fundamenta-se na pesquisa de mestrado intitulada Plano
Municipal de Educação de Rio Claro – SP: desafios e perspectivas na garantia do direito à educação. A produção acadêmica, mais diretamente ligada ao objeto de pesquisa, e as obras que puderam elucidar o contexto socioeconômico e político do país, em suas relações com o contexto global, serviram de suporte para a análise dos dados documentais. A primeira parte do artigo revê as concepções de planos que perpassaram nossa história política educacional, evidenciando a importância do planejamento de políticas públicas enquanto política de Estado. A segunda procurou rastrear a construção do PME, desde sua deflagração, passando pela primeira versão do documento (elaborado coletivamente e sistematizado por uma Comissão), até a segunda versão (revisada pelo Conselho Municipal de Educação de Rio Claro).
EFECTO ALELOPÁTICO DE ESCOBA DE BRUJA (Moniliophthora perniciosa Stahel.) INOCULADAS EN SIETE ESPECIES DE MALEZAS
Authors: Vera Chang Jaime Fabian , Vallejo Torres Christian , Garcés Fiallos Felipe Rafael , Sánchez Mora Fernando David , Jácome López Germán , Vásconez Montúfar Gregorio Humberto , Vera Barahona Jaime Set , Ramos Remache Rommel 
Published: November 2017

El estudio consistió en evaluar el efecto del extracto acuoso obtenido de ramas de cacao sanas y extracto etanolico de ramas infectadas por el hongo Moniliophthora perniciosa Stahel, sobre el follaje de siete malezas (cinco de hoja ancha y dos de hoja angosta). El porcentaje de necrosis en hojas se determinó en base a una escala nominal (0-7). Para las malezas de hoja angosta el mejor tratamiento T6 al día 15 presentó una severidad de 4.38%, al día 30 este valor desciende 4.29% para finalmente al día 45 dar un valor de 3.44%, pese a que la planta en los primeros día tiene una severidad alta, esta obtiene resistencia a medida que pasan los días de evaluación, así mismo el T2 al día 15 tiene una severidad 4.24% aumentando este valor a los 30 días a 4.31%, pero a los 45 días este valor disminuye a 4.16%. Para las malezas de hoja ancha el mejor tratamiento los primeros 15 días fue el T1 4.05% este valor descendiendo a los 30 días 4.01% y se mantiene hasta el día 45, así mismo la severidad en los 15 días para los T3 (3.90%) y T5 (4.01), después a los 30 días aumentó ligeramente T3 (3.93%) y T5 (4.06), pero a los 45 días decrece T3 (3.88%) y T5 (3.25), en ambas malezas de hoja ancha y angosta se asume que la planta los primeros días no tiene la capacidad de resistir el ataque causado por los extractos, pero a partir de los días 30 y 45, este obtiene resistencia y se recupera posiblemente mediante mecanismos quimiotaxonómicos o fisiológicos.
PROPAGACIÓN CLONAL in vitro DE Swietenia macrophylla King (CAOBA)
Authors: Carranza Patiño Mercedes Susana , Escobar Troya Ariel , Reyes Morán Héctor , Morante Carriel Jaime , Nieto Rodríguez José Enrique , Lorena Cadme Maria , Cevallos Falquez Orly Fernando , Mora Silva Washington Fernando 
Published: November 2017

La caoba (Swietenia macrophylla) es una especie forestal maderable de múltiples usos, apreciada por su dureza, resistencia, belleza y calidad. La explotación intensiva y un inadecuado sistema de aprovechamiento de la especie han ocasionado la disminución de la variabilidad genética, haciendo imposible la aplicación de programas de mejoramiento genético de caoba en el Ecuador. El cultivo in vitro es una técnica que ayudaría a disminuir este problema mediante la producción de plantas con alta robustez genética. El objetivo de esta investigación fue establecer un método que facilite la propagación in vitro de caoba a partir de segmentos nodales, empleados en la fase de establecimiento con diferentes concentraciones de Ca(ClO)2 y tiempos de exposición. La contaminación por microorganismos fue controlada con 15 g de Ca(ClO)2 durante 20 min, alcanzando el 95% de sobrevivencia. Los explantes sanos fueron transferidos a un medio de cultivo MS/2 con distintos niveles de bencilaminopurina (BAP) y ácido indolbutírico (AIB) para su multiplicación in vitro, obteniéndose 70% de brotes con 2 mg L-1 de BAP en combinación con 1 mg L-1 de AIB. Los mejores brotes de la fase de multiplicación se colocaron en medio de cultivo MS/2 con diferentes concentraciones de ANA para facilitar su enraizamiento, ninguno de los tratamientos ensayados permitió generar raíces a los 21 días de su evaluación, aunque el mayor porcentaje de sobrevivencia (65%) se obtuvo al combinar 2 mg L-1 BAP + 1 mg L-1 ANA.
PLANTATION MANAGEMENT AND BAMBOO RESOURCE ECONOMICS IN CHINA
Authors: Troya Mera Fidel Antonio , Xu Chenyang 
Published: November 2017

Bamboos constitute a very important and versatile resource worldwide. A lot of Asian, African and South American people rely on bamboo products for their housing and farming tools. Meanwhile, the shoots of these plants are regarded as vegetables in East and South-East Asian nations. China has the greatest bamboo forest area (extension) and the largest number of bamboo species (more than 590 species), many of them with significant economic importance, being Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), the most important bamboo species in China, due to its usage not only as timber but also for food. China has paid unprecedented attention in recent decades to bamboo forest management. The vast economic profits derived from silviculture have contributed much to rural development and poverty alleviation. Bamboo industry has become the pillar of economy in mountainous areas. Besides being a tool for poverty alleviation in rural areas, bamboo plantations are also a significant carbon sink and a key option to mitigate land degradation. This paper highlights such aspects as bamboo silviculture (fertilization, pruning, thinning, irrigation, shoot and timber harvesting) its domestic and international applications (timber, plywood, food, paper, fuel, housing, etc.) in daily life, and its current role in Chinese industry and economy, without particular reference to any of its species.
Valor nutricional de seis plantas arbóreo-arbustivas consumidas por cabras en la Mixteca Poblana, México
Authors: Hernández Hernández Jorge , Jesús Castillo Alberto de , Lucio Hernández José , Camacho Ronquillo Julio , Villarreal Espinobarros Oscar , Romero Castañón Salvador 
Published: November 2017

En las comunidades de Maninalcingo y Tehuaxtla ubicadas en la región Mixteca, Puebla, México, se evaluó la composición nutricional de seis plantas arbóreo-arbustivas consumidas por el ganado caprino (Palo de Brasil, Tehuistle, Barba de chivo, Huamúchil, Tlaxistle negro y Cubata), en época lluviosa. Se analizaron tres unidades de producción familiar, donde se colectaron hojas, flores y frutos (vainas). Para comparar el promedio de bocados/h y la parte de la planta consumida por los caprinos se aplicó la prueba de Tukey y, estadística descriptiva para determinar la dispersión entre los componentes bromatológicos de las partes de la planta de la población total de arbóreo-arbustivas evaluadas. Las muestras estuvieron constituidas por 200 g de peso verde (luego deshidratada). La materia orgánica (MO), ceniza (Ce) y proteína bruta (PB) se obtuvieron por medio de la técnica AOAC (1997). Para el caso de la fibra detergente neutra (DDN), fibra detergente ácida (FDA) y lignina (Lig) por medio del método Van Soest. Los resultados demuestran que el Huamúchil (Pithecellobium dulce) mezclado con hoja y vaina mostró mejor media de PB (18.3% ±1.08), la mejor PB fue para la fracción hoja (14.4%±0.42) de Tehuistle (Acacia bilimekii var. Robusta Miranda) y 94.4%±1.02 en MO. El Huamúchil mezclado con hoja y vaina tuvo el promedio más alto de Ce (12.3±0.88), mientras que la mezcla de vaina y cáscara de Cubata alcanzaron 52.7%±1.8 y 49.8%±1.04 de FDN y FDA, respectivamente. En el caso de lignina, la hoja de Tehuistle alcanzó 18.4%±0.98.
Respuesta de poblaciones microbianas que lideran el crecimiento en raíces y resistencia sistémica inducida
Authors: Canchignia Martínez Hayron Fabricio , Pinargote Carlos Belezaca , Peñafiel Jaramillo Maria , Carranza Patiño Mercedes Susana , Prieto Benavides Oscar , Gaibor Fernández Ramiro 
Published: November 2017

Las rizobacterias lideran una serie de mecanismo en el sistema radículas en plantas que favorecen en aspectos fisiológicos como: desarrollo radicular por la producción de auxinas y promueven el mecanismo de defensa a nivel sistémico. Las rizobacterias del género Pseudomonas spp reportan tener capacidad de producir ácido indolil-3-acetico (AIA), en presencia del precursor Triptófano, bajo condiciones in vitro. La rizobacterias Promotoras de Crecimiento en Plantas (PGPR), en contacto con las raíces de la planta, estas rizobacterias utilizan los exudados de aminoácidos proteinogénico triptófano precursor para síntesis de AIA, esto incrementa la producción del fitoregulador que favorecen el desarrollo y proliferación de la biomasa radicular adventicias. Se rescata la importancia del empleo de PGPR, como efectores en el mecanismo en defensa sensu stricto para la Resistencia Sistémica Inducida (RSI), que activa el estado de prealerta en la planta antes y después de ser sometida al agente patogénico. La RSI se activa por la ruta dependiente al jasmonato (JA) y etileno (ET).
La vegetación del humedal “Abras de mantequilla”. Composición florística. Bases para su restauración
Authors: Cuasquer Elias , Salvatierra Darwin , Jiménez Romero Edwin , Boira Herminio 
Published: November 2017

Las principales agrupaciones vegetales del humedal de Abras de Mantequilla y su entorno se obtuvieron a partir de una matriz de 61 inventarios (Two-way Indicator Species Analysis; TWINSPAN) que evidenció la existencia de cuatro asociaciones características de biotopos más importantes, devenida de la fuerte eutrofización de las aguas (bajos valores de oxígeno disuelto (DO) ppm y altos para sólidos totales disueltos (Tsd) mg/L). La vegetación acuática flotante o enraizada (VAG) es de mayor extensión, con dos especies dominantes, Ludwigia helminthorrhyza y Eichornia crassipes, propias de hábitats acuáticos con un alto grado de eutrofización y tres variantes que dependen del nivel del agua de las praderas flotantes (VAPF) - compuesta por gramíneas (Panicum maximum, P. mertensii, y Paspalum repens) con largos rizomas que se entretejen para evitar la disgregación. La formación periférica, sometida a periodos de inundación recurrente (VBSI), se caracteriza por la presencia de arbustos y árboles del bosque seco (Xylosma benthamii, Hematoxylum campechianum), tolerantes a la inundación prolongada, y restos arvense asociada en los cultivos durante la época seca. El análisis de componentes principales (PCA) pone de manifiesto la fuerte alteración de origen antrópico. Los dos primeros factores con valores de 10.28 y 5.11, asumen sólo el 25.60% de la varianza. De los índices de biodiversidad obtenidos, la vegetación palustre natural (Albidella nymphaeifolia, Sagittaria sagittifolia, S. lancifolia) es la que se destaca en las áreas con acuíferos subterráneos emergentes. La vegetación del bosque seco circundante (VBS) presenta una relativa homogeneidad florística y bajo índice de biodiversidad.
Per Capita Availability of Food Grains and Pressurized Agriculture Economy in the Reform Period in India
Authors: Gavhale Sandipan R. 
Published: November 2017

<p>The purpose of this study was to analyze per capita availability of foodgrains and agriculture system of India. The agriculture is the backbone of our country, but recently the growth of Indian economy the share of agriculture in GDP has declined over the years and even today’s productivity of some agricultural products are declining in high extent, if compared with like the USA and China and other countries,as well,the present paper is a new attempt to focus on the dichotomy of excess foodgrain production and large-scale subsidized food distribution on the one hand, and huge wastage and millions of hungry families on the other. As well as, it clearly focuses on the issues that Indian government has not given adequate attention to the storage and transportation of foodgrains during the last three decades or so. At this point, the government is caught between huge foodgrain stocks and the states inability to absorb them. India’s agricultural sector is surprisingly fragmented when compared with other countries.</p>
Forecasting daily streamflow values: assessing heuristic models
Authors: Karimi Sepideh , Shiri Jalal , Kisi Ozgur , Xu Tongren 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Predicting streamflow values accurately is vitally important for hydrology studies. Two heuristic models, namely, gene expression programming (GEP) and support vector machine (SVM) are used and assessed utilizing data from four stations in China. The k-fold testing for local and external data management scenarios are tested extensively. Results indicate that models with inputs of current and one previous day's streamflow records provided the best accuracy. Both the GEP and SVM models can predict accurate streamflow values with respect to the observed records. GEP performed better than the SVM in all k-fold testing stages with lower skewness and standard deviation values for streamflow records. The test accuracy demonstrated high variations for the local and external k-fold case which proved the necessity of k-fold testing or data scanning procedure in daily streamflow prediction. Daily streamflow of downstream stations was also estimated using the data of upstream stations (external k-fold). The best results were obtained by the models trained using the data from the nearest upstream station. In some cases, the accuracy of the external models was found to be comparable to local models. This suggested the use of external models in streamflow prediction in the case of data scarcity.
Does rainwater harvesting pay? Water–energy nexus assessment as a tool to achieve sustainability in water management
Authors: Marteleira Rita , Niza Samuel 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Demographic growth that will take place on urban centers for the next decades may constitute a new challenge for water providers, which may then have to rely on more distant and/or poorer quality sources, or opt for energy-intensive technological solutions. In this context, the water–energy nexus will assume great relevance in near future water management policies and rainwater harvesting systems (RHS) may arise as an appealing alternative. The goal of this paper was to describe RaINvesT, a holistic tool developed to assess the viability of RHS, helping to adequately size the system, while allowing estimating its embodied energy per cubic meter (kWh/m3). Additionally, considering the independence towards the public water supply network, an investment analysis is performed for both the water provider and the final user perspectives. RaINvesT was tested for a university campus: evidencing, in terms of embodied energy, a positive ratio of 0.013 kWh/m3. The investment analysis has proven the RHS to be economically viable, revealing an investment return of about 12 years. The promotion of RHS can therefore represent a viable business model for water utilities, and can be a step forward in water systems decentralization, contributing to this sector sustainability for future cities.