bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentiating parts of Cinnamomum cassia using LC‐qTOF‐MS in conjunction with principal component analysis
Authors: Chen Pei‐Yi , Yu Jhe‐Wei , Lu Fen‐Ling , Lin Mei‐Chih , Cheng Hwei‐Fang 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCinnamon bark (Rou Gui in Chinese), cinnamon twig (Gui Zhi) and shaved cinnamon bark (Gui Sin) have been widely used as spices and in traditional Chinese medicine since ancient times. On‐going issues related to quality and authenticity necessitate the development of analytical methods capable of providing an objective evaluation of samples. In this study, chemical fingerprints of cinnamon bark, cinnamon twigs and shaved cinnamon bark were established using liquid chromatography quadruple time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry in conjunction with principal component analysis (PCA). From 125 samples of cinnamon, we identified the following eight compounds and their the detection ratios: coumarin, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamyl alcohol, cinnamic acid, 2‐hydroxycinnamaldehyde, 2‐hydroxycinnamic acid, 2‐methoxycinnamaldehyde and 4‐methoxycinnamaldehyde. Of these, 4‐methoxycinnamaldehyde presented the largest variations in detection ratio, making up 64.0, 97.4 and 50.0% in cinnamon bark, cinnamon twig, and shaved cinnamon bark, respectively. The quantities of cinnamyl alcohol, coumarin and cinnamaldehyde also varied between the three parts of the plant. Chemical fingerprints of the three cinnamon samples were established using principal component analysis, the results of which indicate that cinnamon bark and shaved cinnamon bark could be easily differentiated, despite a marked similarity in outward appearance. Cinnamon twig was also shown to depart from the other clusters. The proposed method provides a fast and efficient means of identifying cinnamon herbs for quality control purposes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A concise review of the bioanalytical methods for the quantitation of sitagliptin, an important dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP4) inhibitor, utilized for the characterization of the drug
Authors: Suresh P. S. , Srinivas Nuggehally R. , Mullangi Ramesh 
Published: February 2016

AbstractInhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP4) is an emerging therapeutic approach for treating type 2 diabetes and has revolutionized the concept of diabetes management. Sitagliptin is the first approved orally active, potent, selective and nonpeptidomimetic DPP4 inhibitor. Incidence of hypoglycemia and weight gain is negligible with sitagliptin treatment. It is used as monotherapy or in combination with other anti‐diabetic drugs to treat type 2 diabetes. There are numerous bioanalytical methods published for the analysis of sitagliptin in preclinical and clinical samples. This review focuses on the various HPLC and LC‐MS/MS methods that have been used to analyze sitagliptin in various biological matrices. A small section is devoted to the bioanalysis of other DPP4 inhibitors such as vildagliptin, saxagliptin and linagliptin. This review provides key information in a concise manner regarding sample processing options, chromatographic/detection conditions and validation parameters of the chosen methods for sitagliptin and other DPP4 inhibitors. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acute pancreatitis as a complication of childhood cancer treatment
Authors: Stefanović Milica , Jazbec Janez , Lindgren Fredrik , Bulajić Milutin , Löhr Matthias 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAcute pancreatitis (AP) is now well recognized as a possible complication of childhood cancer treatment, interrupting the chemotherapy regimen, and requiring prolonged hospitalization, possibly with intensive care and surgical intervention, thereby compromising the effect of chemotherapy and the remission of the underlying malignant disease. This review summarizes the current literature and presents the various etiological factors for AP during chemotherapy as well as modern trends in the diagnosis and therapy of AP in children.
How do you write and present research well? 7—Cite to get cited
Authors: Patience Gregory S. , Patience Christian A. , Boffito Daria C. , Patience Paul A. , Bertrand François 
Published: February 2016

We cite other researchers to recognize their contribution, educate, and establish the foundation of the research. References should balance recent breakthroughs with past contributions. Between 2011 and 2014, Nature published over 3200 articles and letters that referenced 113 000 papers. What is the average age of the references in these papers (the difference between the year Nature published the paper and the year the cited article was published)?[1]

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Modelling, simulation, and experimental study of a simulated moving bed reactor for the synthesis of biodiesel
Authors: Mitra Ray Nillohit , Ray Ajay K. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractInvestigation of the reversible esterification reaction between oleic acid and methanol to produce methyl oleate (biodiesel) catalyzed by Amberlyst 15 ion‐exchange resin was carried out in a simulated moving bed reactor (SMBR). SMBR performance was described both experimentally and numerically using a mathematical model under various operating conditions. The model predicted the experimental outcome reasonably well. An improved yield (56 %) and purity (42 %) of biodiesel could be achieved in an SMBR compared to a fixed‐bed reactor (31 % yield and 22 % purity) by selecting appropriate operating conditions. The effects of various process parameters such as switching time as well as feed and eluent flow rate on SMBR behaviour were also investigated systematically.
Noninvasive in situ study of pigments in artworks by means of VIS, IRFC image analysis, and X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry
Authors: Barbu Olimpia‐Hinamatsuri , Zahariade Anamaria 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis article describes a preliminary method for pigment identification in paintings, based on the images obtained using digital microscopy with visible and infrared illumination and X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). About 240 standards of pigments were characterized using image processing and XRF analysis, building a specific database of reference images and spectra. The advantage of this method is that mixture of pigments could be discriminated and identified. An example of the application of this data analysis of pigments in fresco paintings is presented. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 41, 321–324, 2016
Purchase prediction using Tmall‐specific features
Authors: Zhao Yang , Yao Liang , Zhang Yin 
Published: February 2016

SummaryHistorical user activity, such as online shopping recommendations, content personalization, and advertising clicking rates, is a critical component of building user profiles to predict purchases and preferences. Alongside the rapid development of e‐commerce, purchase prediction has become an increasingly important consideration for a wide variety of retail platforms. This paper proposes a framework which combines machine learning methods with a threshold‐moving approach to predict sets of pairs (user id and brand id,) in terms of whether a certain brand is purchased by a specified user according to his or her historical activity records. Three specific feature groups are extracted: click features, purchase features, and collect‐and‐cart features using a dataset from Tmall, a Chinese business‐to‐consumer online retail platform. Next, seven user purchase prediction experiments with different combinations of the three feature groups are conducted, and the purchase prediction performance is observed. Results showed that a combination of all three feature groups, with 27 features in total, provided valuable purchase prediction contributions and performed favorably. Also, three feature groups are proved to be relative independent, and our prediction model identified the most important feature, from the collect‐and‐cart feature group. Detailed result analysis validated the effectiveness of both the extracted features and proposed machine learning methods. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel parallel deblocking filtering strategy for HEVC/H.265 based on GPU
Authors: Jiang Wenbin , Mei Hongyan , Lu Feng , Jin Hai , Yang Laurence T. , Luo Bin , Chi Ye 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThe deblocking filter in high‐efficiency video coding (HEVC) has huge computational complexity because of its high content‐adaptive coding structure as well as high‐definition. Parallelization for it based on massively parallel architectures such as graphics processing unit becomes an urgent demand. However, a large number of conditional branches and data dependencies severely hinder its efficient parallelization. In this paper, a novel parallel optimization strategy based on graphics processing unit is presented for concurrent deblocking in HEVC/H.265 standard to improve the parallel performance. First, by reducing various conditional branches, a normalization mechanism for instruction stream based on feature vector is proposed, which improves the efficiency of boundary strength computation dramatically. The idea can also be applied to edge discrimination. Second, a parallel mechanism based on an adaptive post‐correction is presented to process vertical and horizontal edges filtering concurrently, which improves the processing speed obviously, while producing negligible quality loss. Experimental results show that the strategy presented outperforms the existing state‐of‐the‐art method with accelerating factor up to 32. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Network‐aware service composition in mobile environment
Authors: Ding Zhijun , Chen Yuchen , Pan MeiQin , Li Xiaolun , Wang Pengwei 
Published: February 2016

SummaryIn the mobile environment, users will use mobile devices to enjoy different services, such as surfing the Internet, shopping online, or paying bills. And the network latency will greatly affect the performance of services, which influences the users using experience at the same time. Many service selection methods have treated network latency as QoS, but they do not consider the issue of user's mobility that resulting inconstantly changing of latency when existing information transmission between the user and services in mobile environment. So it is meaningful to take it into consideration to select globally optimal service to solve the practical problem. In this paper, we consider the user's movement, estimate the network latency by Euclidean distance, and propose a service composition algorithm in mobile environment to provide the best service scheme with the basic idea of dynamic programming. Finally, we make experiments by changing different factors and obtain lower latency compared with the traditional method; reflecting service composition algorithm in mobile environment can better adapt to the user's mobility and uncertain times of interaction between the user and services. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accelerating digital halftoning using the local exhaustive search on the GPU
Authors: Kouge Hiroaki , Honda Takumi , Fujita Toru , Ito Yasuaki , Nakano Koji , Bordim Jacir L. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryDigital halftoning is an important process to convert a grayscale image into a binary image with black and white pixels. Local exhaustive search‐based halftoning is one of the halftoning methods that can generate high‐quality binary images. However, considering the computing time, it is not realistic for most applications. As a first contribution, this paper proposes a graphics processing unit (GPU) implementation for digital halftoning employing local exhaustive search to produce high‐quality binary images. Programming issues of the GPU architecture have been carefully assessed for implementing the proposed method. Experimental results show that the proposed GPU implementation on NVIDIA (Santa Clara, CA, USA) GeForce GTX TITAN X attains a speed‐up factor of up to 48 over a CPU implementation. Our second contribution is a GPU implementation for cluster‐dot halftoning tailored for local exhaustive search. This implementation attains a speed‐up factor of 92 over a sequential CPU implementation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The transcriptomic basis of tissue‐ and nutrition‐dependent sexual dimorphism in the beetle Onthophagus taurus
Authors: Ledón‐Rettig Cristina C. , Moczek Armin P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSexual dimorphism accounts for a large fraction of intraspecific diversity. However, not all traits are equally sexually dimorphic; instead, individuals are mosaics of tissues that vary in their ability to exhibit dimorphism. Furthermore, the degree of a trait's sexual dimorphism is frequently environment‐dependent, with elaborate sexual dimorphism commonly being restricted to high nutritional conditions. Understanding the developmental basis and evolution of condition‐dependent sexual dimorphism can be critically informed by determining – across tissues and nutritional conditions – what sex‐biased genes are deployed and how they interact and translate into functional processes. Indeed, key theories concerning the evolution of condition‐dependent sexually dimorphic traits rest on assumptions regarding their developmental genetic underpinnings, yet, have largely gone unexamined by empirical studies. Here, we provide such evidence by investigating the transcriptomic basis of tissue‐ and nutrition‐dependent sexual dimorphism in the bull‐headed dung beetle Onthophagus taurus. Our findings suggest (1) that generating morphological sexual dimorphism requires sex‐biased gene expression in and developmental remodeling of both sexes, regardless of which sex exhibits externally visible trait exaggeration, (2) that although sexually dimorphic phenotypes are comprised of traits underlain by independent repertoires of sex‐biased gene expression, they act similarly at a functional level, and (3) that sexual dimorphism and condition‐dependence share common genetic underpinnings specifically in sexually‐selected traits.
Eggshell pigment composition covaries with phylogeny but not with life history or with nesting ecology traits of British passerines
Authors: Brulez Kaat , Mikšík Ivan , Cooney Christopher R. , Hauber Mark E. , Lovell Paul George , Maurer Golo , Portugal Steven J. , Russell Douglas , Reynolds Silas James , Cassey Phillip 
Published: February 2016

AbstractNo single hypothesis is likely to explain the diversity in eggshell coloration and patterning across birds, suggesting that eggshell appearance is most likely to have evolved to fulfill many nonexclusive functions. By controlling for nonindependent phylogenetic associations between related species, we describe this diversity using museum eggshells of 71 British breeding passerine species to examine how eggshell pigment composition and concentrations vary with phylogeny and with life‐history and nesting ecology traits. Across species, concentrations of biliverdin and protoporphyrin, the two main pigments found in eggshells, were strongly and positively correlated, and both pigments strongly covaried with phylogenetic relatedness. Controlling for phylogeny, cavity‐nesting species laid eggs with lower protoporphyrin concentrations in the shell, while higher biliverdin concentrations were associated with thicker eggshells for species of all nest types. Overall, these relationships between eggshell pigment concentrations and the biology of passerines are similar to those previously found in nonpasserine eggs, and imply that phylogenetic dependence must be considered across the class in further explanations of the functional significance of avian eggshell coloration.
Does intraspecific competition promote variation? A test via synthesis
Authors: Jones Andrew W. , Post David M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCompetitive diversification, that is, when increasing intraspecific competition promotes population niche expansion, is commonly invoked in evolutionary studies and currently plays a central role in how we conceptualize the process of adaptive diversification. Despite the frequency with which this idea is cited, the empirical evidence for the process is somewhat limited, and the findings of these studies have yet to be weighed objectively through synthesis. Here, we sought to fill this gap by reviewing the existing literature and collecting the data necessary to assess the evidence for competition as a diversifying force. Additionally, we sought to test a more recent hypothesis, which suggests that competition can act to both promote and inhibit dietary diversification depending on the degree to which a consumer depletes its resources. The surprising result of this synthesis was that increasing competition did not have a mean positive effect on population‐level diet breadth or the degree of individual specialization. Instead, we found that increasing intraspecific competition had a restricting effect on population‐level diet breadth in as many cases as it had a diversifying effect. This wide disparity in the effect of competition on consumer diet variation was negatively related to a metric for consumer resource depletion. Altogether, these findings call into question a long‐standing assumption of basic evolutionary models and lend some support to recent theoretical predictions. Specifically, these findings support the idea that competition is primarily diversifying for species with a small effect (per unit biomass) on their resources and that resource depletion limits the diversifying effect of competition for consumers with larger ecological effects.
The NIK of time for B cells
Authors: Myles Arpita , Cancro Michael P. 
Published: February 2016

NF‐κB‐inducing kinase (NIK) is a key mediator of the noncanonical NF‐κB signaling pathway, which is critical for B‐cell development and function. Although complete deletion of NIK in mice has been shown to result in defective B cells and impaired secondary lymphoid organogenesis, the consequences of deleting NIK exclusively in B cells have not been determined. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Hahn et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2016. 46: 732–741] describe mice in which the NF‐κB2 pathway mediator, NIK, is deleted at different points in B‐cell lineage differentiation and activation. The results show that the survival of mature peripheral B cells, as well as appropriate kinetics of germinal center reactions, rely on noncanonical NF‐κB signaling. These findings confirm and extend prior observations implicating a nonredundant role for NF‐κB2 downstream of BAFF signaling via BAFF‐R, and prompt assessment of the growing literature regarding the relative roles of BCR and BAFF signals in B‐cell homeostasis, as well as the downstream pathways responsible.
Modeling of wind gap formation and development of sedimentary basins during fold growth: application to the Zagros Fold Belt, Iran
Authors: Collignon Marine , Yamato Philippe , Castelltort Sébastien , Kaus Boris J. P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMountain building and landscape evolution are controlled by interactions between river dynamics and tectonic forces. Such interactions have been extensively studied, however a quantitative evaluation of tectonic/geomorphic feedbacks, which is imperative for understanding sediments routing within orogens and fold‐and‐thrust belts, remains to be undertaken. Here, we employ numerical simulations to assess the conditions of uplift and river incision necessary to deflect an antecedent drainage network during the growth of one, or several, folds. We propose that a partitioning of the river network into internal (endorheic) and longitudinal drainage arises as a result of lithological differences within the deforming crustal sedimentary cover. Using examples from the Zagros Fold Belt (ZFB), we show that drainage patterns can be linked to the non‐dimensional incision ratio R between successive lithological layers, corresponding to the ratio between their relative erodibilities or incision coefficients. Transverse drainage networks develop for uplift rates smaller than 0.8 mm yr−1 and low incision ratios (−10 < R < 10). Intermediate drainage networks are obtained for uplift rates up to 2 mm yr−1 and large incision ratios (R > 20). Parallel drainage networks and the formation of sedimentary basins occur for large values of incision ratio (R > 20) and uplift rates between 1 and 2 mm yr−1. These results have implications for predicting the distribution of sediment depocenters in fold‐and‐thrust belts, which can be of direct economic interest for hydrocarbon exploration. They also put better constraints on the fluvial and geomorphic responses to fold growth induced by crustal‐scale tectonics. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of neck failure on survival in older patients with differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Marcus David M. , Jiang Renjian , Ward Kevin C. , Higgins Kristin A. , Saba Nabil F. , Wadsworth J. Trad , Beitler Jonathan J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundRegional recurrence of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is often salvaged with neck dissection without survival penalty. It is unknown whether recurrence may be associated with inferior survival in older patients.MethodsSurveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) and Medicare data were linked to identify patients age ≥65 with nonmetastatic DTC. Patients undergoing neck dissection >6 months after their initial diagnosis were considered to have regional recurrent disease. We compared overall survival (OS) and cause‐specific survival (CSS) for patients with recurrent disease versus a matched cohort of patients with non‐recurrent DTC.ResultsOf 6235 patients, 143 had treatment‐defined recurrent disease. Patients with recurrent disease had inferior OS (p < .01) and CSS (p < .01). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that recurrent disease was independently associated with inferior 10‐year OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.75; p < .01) and CSS (HR = 3.05; p < .01).ConclusionRegional recurrence of DTC may negatively impact OS and CSS in patients ≥65 years old. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 919–924, 2016
Functional benefits of implants placed during ablative surgery: A 5‐year prospective study on the prosthodontic rehabilitation of 56 edentulous oral cancer patients
Authors: Wetzels Jan Willem , Koole Ron , Meijer Gert J. , de Haan Anton F. J. , Merkx Matthias A. W. , Speksnijder Caroline M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe timing of placement as well as the functional benefit of interforaminal implants in edentulous patients treated for oral cancer is unclear.MethodsFifty‐six patients were recruited at 2 institutions. In 1 institution, interforaminal implants were placed during ablative surgery, the other institution used conventional prosthodontics with optional placement of implants postsurgery (postponed‐placement). Masticatory performance, bite force, and subjective masticatory function were assessed before and 6 months, 1 year, and 5 years after surgery.ResultsImplant‐retained overdentures (IODs) demonstrated the highest bite force and the least problems with solid food and food choice. Masticatory performance was equal for IODs and conventional dentures. After 5 years, IODs from patients in the during‐ablative‐surgery cohort tend to have higher bite force and masticatory performance than those from patients in the postponed‐placement cohort.ConclusionIODs produce the highest overall masticatory function. Implant placement during ablative surgery seems to be functionally beneficial. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2103–E2111, 2016