bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
C-GLORSv5: an improved multipurpose global ocean eddy-permitting physical reanalysis
Authors: Storto Andrea , Masina Simona 
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Global ocean reanalyses combine in situ and satellite ocean observations with a general circulation ocean model to estimate the time-evolving state of the ocean, and they represent a valuable tool for a variety of applications, ranging from climate monitoring and process studies to downstream applications, initialization of long-range forecasts and regional studies. The purpose of this paper is to document the recent upgrade of C-GLORS (version 5), the latest ocean reanalysis produced at the Centro Euro-Mediterraneo per i Cambiamenti Climatici (CMCC) that covers the meteorological satellite era (1980–present) and it is being updated in delayed time mode. The reanalysis is run at eddy-permitting resolution (1∕4° horizontal resolution and 50 vertical levels) and consists of a three-dimensional variational data assimilation system, a surface nudging and a bias correction scheme. With respect to the previous version (v4), C-GLORSv5 contains a number of improvements. In particular, background- and observation-error covariances have been retuned, allowing a flow-dependent inflation in the globally averaged background-error variance. An additional constraint on the Arctic sea-ice thickness was introduced, leading to a realistic ice volume evolution. Finally, the bias correction scheme and the initialization strategy were retuned. Results document that the new reanalysis outperforms the previous version in many aspects, especially in representing the variability of global heat content and associated steric sea level in the last decade, the top 80 m ocean temperature biases and root mean square errors, and the Atlantic Ocean meridional overturning circulation; slight worsening in the high-latitude salinity and deep ocean temperature emerge though, providing the motivation for further tuning of the reanalysis system. The dataset is available in NetCDF format at doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.857995.
Staging Nothing: The Figure of Das Ding in Poe's “The Raven”
Authors: Kelly Sean James 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Within a Lacanian psychoanalytic framework, this paper examines the aesthetic effects of Edgar Allan Poe's poem “The Raven” (1845), specifically those effects produced by the poem's sublime architectonics of present-absence. While critics have examined the role of the sublime and uncanny in the poem, most of these studies have focused on providing an historical context for Poe's aesthetics or establishing cultural sources for the poem's symbolic imagery. By contrast, I aim to demonstrate that both the form and content of “The Raven” anticipate the psychoanalytic, specifically Freudian-Lacanian, concept of das Ding—the mythical “Thing”—which Jacques Lacan, in Seminar VII, argues is the lost object “attached to whatever is open, lacking, or gaping at the center of our desire.” Because, according to Lacan's theory, this concept names the void around which human subjectivity forms and all subsequent desire turns, art functions, in essence, to “creat[e] the void and thereby introduce[e] the possibility of filling it.” In this paper, I examine both how the void is staged through aesthetic means in “The Raven” and “filled” by the enigmatic raven, which takes on the function of a sublime object in the speaker's fantasy.
Ontología y epistemología en la filosofía latinoamericana de Alejandro Serrano Caldera como fundamento de la Cultura de Paz
Authors: Lovo Anastasio 
Published: November 2016

Anastasio Lovo en este texto, dimensiona y destaca los elementos de una estructura profunda de sentido -ontológica y epistémica- en la filosofía latinoamericana del Maestro Alejandro Serrano Caldera.Para el autor, la filosofía de Serrano Caldera también contiene una valiosa y pertinente indagación de nuestro ser latinoamericano y sus formas de sentir, conocer, reflexionar y expresarse, que proporciona una valiosa veta teórica y práctica para fundamentar una cultura de paz desde América Latina para el mundo.El pensamiento filosófico de Alejandro Serrano Caldera, marca aquellos desafíos vividos en la historia latinoamericana, como proceso dialéctico de construcción de un ser particular y al mismo tiempo, universal.
Actividad de búsquedas en internet como variable para determinar la afluencia a museos
Authors: Gómez Martínez Rául , Rodríguez Herráez Beatriz , Pérez-Bustamante Yábar Diana Catalina 
Published: November 2016

<p>Tanto Internet como las nuevas tecnologías tienen cada vez más importancia en las investigaciones académicas o profesionales que se realizan. Con este trabajo tratamos de analizar si las estadísticas de búsqueda en un buscador como Google tienen capacidad de predicción respecto al número visitantes que van a acudir a un museo. Se trata de demostrar científicamente a través de un modelo econométrico que las estadísticas de búsqueda en Google sirven para conocer la posibilidad de visitantes de un museo. Con este artículo se pretenden realizar nuevas aportaciones a la gestión de los museos y sugerir la utilización de datos existentes que permitan conocer con cierta antelación la afluencia de público que se tendrá y así poder desarrollar estrategias.</p>
Open surgery versus retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy for renal tuberculosis: a retrospective study of 120 patients
Authors: Zhang Su , Luo You , Wang Cheng , Xiong Hu , Fu Sheng-Jun , Yang Li 
Published: November 2016

Background
Laparoscopic renal surgery has been widely used in the treatment of renal diseases. However, there is still little research about its application in addressing renal tuberculosis. The purpose of this study is to retrospectively investigate the surgical results of laparoscopic and open surgery for nonfunctional tuberculous kidneys.

Methods
Between May 2011 and June 2016, 120 nephrectomies were performed in patients with a nonfunctional tuberculous kidney. Of these, 69 patients underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy, and 51 patients underwent open nephrectomy. Data about the patients’ characteristics and surgical outcomes were collected from their electronic medical records. Outcomes were compared between these two groups.

Results
Our results showed that a number of renal tuberculosis patients presented no significant symptoms during their disease. Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) were the most common at a rate of 73/120, followed by flank pain or accidently discovery (66/120), urine abnormality (30/120) and fever (27/120). Patients who underwent open surgery were similar to laparoscopic patients with regard to sex, BMI, location, previous tuberculous history, grade, anemia, adhesion, hypertension, diabetes and preoperative serum creatinine level, but were generally older than laparoscopic patients. There were no significant differences between open and laparoscopic surgery in estimated blood loss, transfusion, postoperative hospital days and perioperative complication rate. However, the median operation time of laparoscopic operation was much longer than open surgery (180 [150–225] vs 135 [120–165] minutes, P < 0.01). Seven of the 69 laparoscopic operations were converted to open surgery because of severe adhesions.

Conclusion
Laparoscopic nephrectomy is as an effective treatment as open surgery for a nonfunctional tuberculous kidney, although it requires more time during the surgical procedure. No significant differences in other surgical outcomes were observed.
Estimating surface turbulent heat fluxes from land surface temperature and soil moisture observations using the particle batch smoother
Authors: Lu Yang , Dong Jianzhi , Steele‐Dunne Susan C. , van de Giesen Nick 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSurface heat fluxes interact with the overlying atmosphere and play a crucial role in meteorology, hydrology, and climate change studies, but in situ observations are costly and difficult. It has been demonstrated that surface heat fluxes can be estimated from assimilation of land surface temperature (LST). One approach is to estimate a neutral bulk heat transfer coefficient (CHN) to scale the sum of turbulent heat fluxes, and an evaporative fraction (EF) that represents the partitioning between fluxes. Here the newly developed particle batch smoother (PBS) is implemented. The PBS makes no assumptions about the prior distributions and is therefore well‐suited for non‐Gaussian processes. It is also particularly advantageous for parameter estimation by tracking the entire prior distribution of parameters using Monte Carlo sampling. To improve the flux estimation on wet or densely vegetated surfaces, a simple soil moisture scheme is introduced to further constrain EF, and soil moisture observations are assimilated simultaneously. This methodology is implemented with the FIFE 1987 and 1988 data sets. Validation against observed fluxes indicates that assimilating LST using the PBS significantly improves the flux estimates at both daily and half‐hourly timescales. When soil moisture is assimilated, the estimated EFs become more accurate, particularly when the surface heat flux partitioning is energy‐limited. The feasibility of extending the methodology to use remote sensing observations is tested by limiting the number of LST observations. Results show that flux estimates are greatly improved after assimilating soil moisture, particularly when LST observations are sparse.
One‐Pot Directing Group Formation/C−H Bond Functionalization via Copper(I) and Ruthenium(II) Catalysis
Authors: Bruneau Christian , Gramage‐Doria Rafael 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA copper(I)‐catalyzed oxidation leading to the formation of 2‐pyridyl ketone directing groups has been efficiently coupled with a ruthenium(II)‐catalyzed C(sp2)−H bond arylation transformation without performing any intermediate work‐up. This sustainable approach was further extended to sequential three‐step transition metal‐catalyzed transformations in which up to four new bonds (C–O, C–C, C–H and O–H) are formed in a one‐pot fashion. This is the first example in which two different transition metal catalysts are sequentially employed for the directing group formation and the C−H bond functionalization, respectively.magnified image
Regioselective Asymmetric Formal (3+2) Cycloadditions of Nitrone Ylides from Isatins and Enals
Authors: Chen Yu‐Rong , Zhan Gu , Du Wei , Chen Ying‐Chun 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA highly regio‐, diastereo‐ and enantioselective formal (3+2) cycloaddition reaction of nitrone ylides from isatins and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes was developed via iminium catalysis in the presence of an additional base, furnishing a spectrum of 1′‐hydroxy‐3,2′‐pyrrolidinylspirooxindole frameworks. Interestingly, the regioselectivity could be finely switched in the reactions between nitrone ylides and crotonaldehyde by adding catalytic amounts of lithium perchlorate and copper(II) bromide.magnified image
Effect of Preorganized Charge‐Display on the Cell‐Penetrating Properties of Cationic Peptides
Authors: Nagel Yvonne A. , Raschle Philipp S. , Wennemers Helma 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe effect of preorganized versus undefined charge display on the cellular uptake of cationic cell‐penetrating peptides (CPPs) was investigated by comparing conformationally well‐defined guanidinylated oligoprolines with flexible oligoarginines. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy studies with different cancer cell lines (HeLa, MCF‐7, and HT‐29) showed that preorganization of cationic charges in lateral distances of ≈9 Å enhanced the cellular uptake of CPPs. Binding affinity measurements revealed tighter binding of analogues of cell‐surface glycans to the guanidinylated octaproline with localized charges compared to flexible octaarginine, a finding that was further correlated to the cellular uptake by studies with CHO cells deficient in glycans on the outer plasma membrane.
Stapled Peptides by Late‐Stage C(sp3)−H Activation
Authors: Noisier Anaïs F. M. , García Jesús , Ionuţ Ioana A. , Albericio Fernando 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDespite the importance of stapled peptides for drug discovery, only few practical processes to prepare cross‐linked peptides have been described; thus the structural diversity of available staple motifs is currently limited. At the same time, C−H activation has emerged as an efficient approach to functionalize complex molecules. Although there are many reports on the C−H functionalization of amino acids, examples of post‐synthetic peptide C−H modification are rare and comprise almost only C(sp2)−H activation. Herein, we report the development of a palladium‐catalyzed late‐stage C(sp3)−H activation method for peptide stapling, affording an unprecedented hydrocarbon cross‐link. This method was first employed to prepare a library of stapled peptides in solution. The compatibility with various amino acids as well as the influence of the size (i,i+3 and i,i+4) and length of the staple were investigated. Finally, a simple solid‐phase procedure was also established.
Enyne [4+4] Cycloaddition/Oxidation: Ring Contraction via Cyclopropanones and Their Anionic Ring‐Opening Reactions
Authors: Kulyk Svitlana , Khatri Buddha B. , Sieburth Scott McN. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIrradiation of a 1,3‐enyne tethered to a 2‐pyridone, in the presence of oxygen, leads to formation of a seven‐membered ring product, an overall [4+4−1] reaction. This transformation involves two unstable intermediates and a sequence of unusual reactions. An initial [4+4] photocycloaddition of the enyne with the pyridone yields a 1,2,5‐cyclooctatriene. Photooxidation of this triene forms a cyclopropanone and subsequent photoextrusion of carbon monoxide gives the observed 1,4‐cycloheptadiene product. The first‐formed cyclooctatriene and the cyclopropanone could be observed and characterized spectroscopically. The cyclopropanone underwent CO extrusion both photochemically and thermally to give the cycloheptadiene product. Addition of fluoride or acetylide to the most stable cyclopropanone occurred chemoselectively at the two different silicon groups rather than the carbonyl group. The resulting cyclopropanone ring openings gave unsaturated aldehydes.
Low‐Frequency CH Stretch Vibrations of Free Alkoxide Ions
Authors: Oomens Jos , Berden Giel , Morton Thomas Hellman 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCH stretches in hydrocarbon cations often shift to lower frequencies relative to neutral molecules, because they do not have sufficient electrons to give every bond an electron pair. A parallel effect in negatively charged species has not been previously observed. Here we show that CH bond weakening occurs in alkoxide anions as a consequence of hyperconjugation. The reasoning differs somewhat from the case of positively charged ions, but the net effect is the same: to lower CH stretching frequencies by hundreds of wavenumbers.
Bottom‐up trifft auf Top‐down: Patch‐artig strukturierte Hybridfasermatten als effiziente Katalyseplattform
Authors: Schöbel Judith , Burgard Matthias , Hils Christian , Dersch Roland , Dulle Martin , Volk Kirsten , Karg Matthias , Greiner Andreas , Schmalz Holger 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDie heterogene Katalyse an trägerfixierten Nanopartikeln (NP) ist ein überaus attraktives Forschungsfeld. Eine der größten Herausforderungen ist jedoch weiterhin die effiziente Stabilisierung der NP ohne Einschränkung ihrer katalytischen Aktivität. Durch eine Kombination bekannter Top‐down‐ (koaxiales Elektrospinnen) und Bottom‐up‐Methoden (kristallisationsinduzierte Selbstassemblierung) ist es uns gelungen, Fasermatten mit funktionellen, nanometergroßen Kompartimenten (Patches) auf der Oberfläche herzustellen. Diese Patches sind in der Lage, Gold‐Nanopartikel (AuNP) selektiv zu binden und zu stabilisieren. Die mit AuNP beladenen Hybridfasermatten zeigten in der Alkoholyse von Dimethylphenylsilan bereits nach vergleichsweise kurzen Reaktionszeiten sowie unter milden Bedingungen quantitativen Umsatz. Die exzellente Wiederverwendbarkeit zeigt sich darin, dass selbst nach 10 aufeinanderfolgenden Zyklen keine Reduktion der katalytischen Aktivität oder ein “Ausbluten” von Gold beobachtet werden konnte. Die Flexibilität der vorgestellten Methode erlaubt eine einfache Übertragung auf andere Trägerfasern und unterschiedliche katalytisch aktive NP, wodurch sich ein breites Anwendungsspektrum in der heterogenen Katalyse eröffnet.
Cerium‐Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Acrylates to Give α‐Silyl Esters
Authors: Pindwal Aradhana , Patnaik Smita , Everett William C. , Ellern Arkady , Windus Theresa L. , Sadow Aaron D. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe homoleptic organocerium complex Ce{C(SiHMe2)3}3 (1) reacts with B(C6F5)3 to produce the zwitterionic bis(alkyl) hydridoborato Ce{C(SiHMe2)3}2HB(C6F5)3 (2). NMR and IR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography indicate that each alkyl ligand contains two bridging Ce↼H‐Si interactions in both 1 and 2. Compound 2 serves as a precatalyst for the hydrosilylation of acrylates to give α‐silyl esters at room temperature with a turnover number of 2200.
Highly ortho‐Selective Chlorination of Anilines Using a Secondary Ammonium Salt Organocatalyst
Authors: Xiong Xiaodong , Yeung Ying‐Yeung 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAn organocatalytic, highly facile, efficient, and regioselective ortho‐chlorination of anilines is described. A secondary ammonium chloride salt has been employed as the catalyst and the reaction can be conducted at room temperature without protection from air and moisture. In addition, the reaction is readily scalable and the catalyst can be recycled and reused. This catalytic protocol has been applied to the efficient synthesis of a highly potent c‐Met kinase inhibitor. Mechanistic studies revealed that unique structural features of the secondary ammonium chloride salt are important for both the catalysis and regioselectivity of the electrophilic ortho‐chlorination.
High‐Frequency Mechanostimulation of Cell Adhesion
Authors: Kadem Laith F. , Suana K. Grace , Holz Michelle , Wang Wei , Westerhaus Hannes , Herges Rainer , Selhuber‐Unkel Christine 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCell adhesion is regulated by molecularly defined protein interactions and by mechanical forces, which can activate a dynamic restructuring of adhesion sites. Previous attempts to explore the response of cell adhesion to forces have been limited to applying mechanical stimuli that involve the cytoskeleton. In contrast, we here apply a new, oscillatory type of stimulus through push–pull azobenzenes. Push–pull azobenzenes perform a high‐frequency, molecular oscillation upon irradiation with visible light that has frequently been applied in polymer surface relief grating. We here use these oscillations to address single adhesion receptors. The effect of molecular oscillatory forces on cell adhesion has been analyzed using single‐cell force spectroscopy and gene expression studies. Our experiments demonstrate a reinforcement of cell adhesion as well as upregulated expression levels of adhesion‐associated genes as a result of the nanoscale “tickling” of integrins. This novel type of mechanical stimulus provides a previously unprecedented molecular control of cellular mechanosensing.
Nucleophilic Transfer Reactions of the [Si(C2F5)3]− Moiety
Authors: Schwarze Nico , Steinhauer Simon , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Hoge Berthold 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe tris(pentafluoroethyl)silanide anion is accessible by the deprotonation of Si(C2F5)3H at low temperatures. Subsequent quenching of the resulting salt‐like compounds with suitable electrophiles, such as transition‐metal complexes or Group 14 element halides, leads to a plethora of novel tris(pentafluoroethyl)silane derivatives. This underlines the versatility of Li[Si(C2F5)3] as a powerful nucleophilic transfer reagent.
Regio‐ and Enantioselective Cobalt‐Catalyzed Sequential Hydrosilylation/Hydrogenation of Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Guo Jun , Shen Xuzhong , Lu Zhan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA highly regio‐ and enantioselective cobalt‐catalyzed sequential hydrosilylation/hydrogenation of alkynes was developed to afford chiral silanes. This one‐pot method is operationally simple and atom economic. It makes use of relatively simple and readily available starting materials, namely alkynes, silanes, and hydrogen gas, to construct more valuable chiral silanes. Primary mechanistic studies demonstrated that highly regioselective hydrosilylation of alkynes with silanes occurred as a first step, and the subsequent cobalt‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of the resulting vinylsilanes showed good enantioselectivity.
Interface enhancement between polytetrafluoroethylene and glass fibers modified with a titanate coupler
Authors: Jiang Bo , Zhu Aiping , Zhang Chaoqun , Li Yanxiang 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThe use of glass fibers (GFs), molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and talc was evaluated to reinforce polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) for potential applications in automobile shock absorber pistons. The orthogonal experiment results show that the optimal GF/MoS2/talc/PTFE weight ratio was 2:3:3:92 for the PTFE composite; this ratio resulted in better mechanical properties, hardness, low linear expansion, and wear rate. Chemical coupling and high‐temperature activation treatment on the surface of GF greatly enhanced the interfacial adhesion between the PTFE matrix and GF, as revealed by atomic force microscopy analysis. This resulted in reductions in the wear rate and linear expansion coefficient by two orders of magnitude compared with that of PTFE. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44668.
Hollow Ag/MnO2 Nanostructures with Controllable Shells: Synthesis and Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalytic Performance
Authors: Zhao Xinfu , Chen Bo , Jiao Xiuling , Zhang Jian , Pang Yingping , Chen Dairong 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNovel hollow Ag/MnO2 nanostructures with controlled shell composition and structure were designed and synthesized. In the present synthetic procedure, silver nanocrystals were oxidized by KMnO4, and MnO2 was heterogeneously formed on the surface of silver nanocrystals, then released Ag+ was photoreduced to silver adjacent to MnO2. By simply changing the photoreduction moment, simultaneously with or after the addition of KMnO4, hollow Ag/MnO2 structures with different shell architectures—a monolayered shell composed of evenly mixed silver and MnO2 and a double‐layered shell composed of an inner MnO2 layer and an outer silver layer—can be obtained. Furthermore, the morphology of the hollow structure can be tuned by selecting different silver precursors, and the ratio of silver to MnO2 in the shell can also be controlled by adjusting the ratio in the original reaction mixture. Electrochemical measurements revealed significantly enhanced catalytic performance in the oxygen reduction reaction for the prepared hollow structures. Compared with the Ag/MnO2 composite, the onset potentials positively shift by about 50.0 mV and limiting current densities are nearly 2.0 times higher.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Optically Active Spirocyclic Indoline Scaffolds through an Enantioselective Reduction of Indoles
Authors: Borrmann Ruediger , Knop Nils , Rueping Magnus 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAn enantioselective synthesis of spirocyclic indoline scaffolds was achieved by applying an asymmetric iridium‐catalyzed hydrogenation of 3H‐indoles. Low catalyst loadings and mild reaction conditions provide a broad range of differently substituted products with excellent yields and enantioselectivities. The developed methodology allows an efficient synthesis of this important spirocyclic structural motif, which is present in numerous biologically active molecules and privileged structures in medicinal chemistry.