bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weathering of ordinary chondrites from Oman: Correlation of weathering parameters with 14C terrestrial ages and a refined weathering scale
Authors: Zurfluh Florian J. , Hofmann Beda A. , Gnos Edwin , Eggenberger Urs , Jull A. J. Timothy 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe have investigated 128 14C‐dated ordinary chondrites from Oman for macroscopically visible weathering parameters, for thin section‐based weathering degrees, and for chemical weathering parameters as analyzed with handheld X‐ray fluorescence. These 128 14C‐dated meteorites show an abundance maximum of terrestrial age at 19.9 ka, with a mean of 21.0 ka and a pronounced lack of samples between 0 and 10 ka. The weathering degree is evaluated in thin section using a refined weathering scale based on the current W0 to W6 classification of Wlotzka (1993), with five newly included intermediate steps resulting in a total of nine (formerly six) steps. We find significant correlations between terrestrial ages and several macroscopic weathering parameters. The correlation of various chemical parameters including Sr and Ba with terrestrial age is not very pronounced. The microscopic weathering degree of metal and sulfides with newly added intermediate steps shows the best correlation with 14C terrestrial ages, demonstrating the significance of the newly defined weathering steps. We demonstrate that the observed 14C terrestrial age distribution can be modeled from the abundance of meteorites with different weathering degrees, allowing the evaluation of an age‐frequency distribution for the whole meteorite population.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Percutaneous Octapolar Leads in Pain Treatment with Spinal Cord Stimulation of Patients with Failed Back Surgery Syndrome During a 1‐Year Follow‐Up: A Prospective Multicenter International Study
Authors: Gatzinsky Kliment , Baardsen Roald , Buschman Hendrik P. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness and safety of percutaneous octapolar (8‐contact) leads in spinal cord stimulation (SCS) treatment of failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) patients who have not reached their therapy goals with other treatment interventions.MethodsOur prospective, multicenter, open‐label, nonrandomized study included 93 patients ≥ 18 years of age suffering from chronic (≥ 6 months), intractable pain predominantly in the legs. Patients implanted with octapolar lead(s) and a neurostimulator after a successful test trial were followed for 12 months. Patients provided self‐reported data on change in visual analog scale (VAS) score for leg pain (primary outcome) and low back pain, quality of life (EuroQol 5 dimensions [EQ‐5D] index), sleep, medication use, and paresthesia coverage (secondary outcomes). Adverse events and preferred stimulation settings were documented.ResultsEighty‐one (87%) patients had a successful SCS trial. Patients reported significantly improved leg pain relief; average VAS score was 72 ± 17 prior to SCS treatment and 32 ± 24 at 12 months (P < 0.001). Significant decrease in back pain (P < 0.001), improvement in quality of life (P < 0.001), and improvement in sleep (P < 0.05) was observed. Sixty‐three percent and 40% of patients were responders (≥ 50% pain reduction) on leg and back pain, respectively, after 12 months. A decrease in medication use was seen for antidepressants and anticonvulsants. Eighty‐eight percent of the patients managed with 1 or 2 programs for optimal effect and paresthesia coverage. Twenty‐five SCS‐related adverse events were registered in 22 patients (24%). Surgical revision due to lead displacement or dysfunction was needed in 6 (6%) of the patients.ConclusionsUse of percutaneous octapolar SCS leads gives significant long‐term pain relief and improvement in quality of life and sleep in FBSS patients. The outcomes are better than reported on 4‐contact leads and indicate that the progress in SCS technology that has taken place during the past decade correlates with therapy improvements.
Agreement between clients with schizophrenia and mental health workers on clients' social quality of life: The role of social cognition and symptoms
Authors: Ofir‐Eyal Shani , Hasson‐Ohayon Ilanit , Bar‐Kalifa Eran , Kravetz Shlomo , Lysaker Paul H. 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveStudies have showed that therapists and mental health workers of persons with schizophrenia tend to estimate their patients’ social quality of life (SQoL) as poorer than the clients’ own estimation. This study explores the hypothesis that this discrepancy is related to clients’ social cognition and symptomatology.DesignCross‐sectional assessment of both clients and their mental health workers.MethodsNinety persons with schizophrenia and 12 persons who were formal care providers participated in the study. All responded to a parallel version (client and clinician) of social quality‐of‐life scales. Clients’ emotion identification, theory of mind and symptoms were also assessed.ResultsLow social cognitive abilities of persons with schizophrenia, as well as negative symptomatology and having children, may be related to the negative bias of mental health workers, with regard to their client's SQoL.ConclusionsWhile more severe levels of negative symptoms and more deficits of social cognition were related to reduced levels of agreement, paradoxically, a relatively normative family life that includes parenting was also related to lower levels of agreement.Practitioner points

Attention should be given to low agreement between clients with schizophrenia and clinicians with regard to the client's quality of life, as it is central to alliance and outcome.

Clinicians tend to estimate clients’ social quality of life as poorer than the clients’ own estimation when those clients have low social cognition, high negative symptomatology and children.

There is a need to identify additional factors that contribute to agreement and alliance in therapy.

Longitudinal assessment during therapy can trace the process of construction of agreement.
Loose Anagen Syndrome: A Retrospective Chart Review of 37 Cases
Authors: Swink Shane M. , Castelo‐Soccio Leslie 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesLoose anagen syndrome (LAS) is a disorder of abnormal anchorage of the hair to the scalp. Its symptoms include an inability to grow hair long and hair that is easily pulled out.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review of patients with LAS over the last 10 years at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and found 37 cases.ResultsLAS was more common in females and was found in all hair colors and skin types.ConclusionDiagnosis of LAS should be made based on history, microscopic findings, and hair bulb and shaft features.
Antibody‐mediated rejection after ABO‐incompatible pediatric living donor liver transplantation for propionic acidemia: A case report
Authors: Honda Masaki , Sakamoto Seisuke , Sakamoto Rieko , Matsumoto Shirou , Irie Tomoaki , Uchida Koushi , Shimata Keita , Kawabata Seiichi , Isono Kaori , Hayashida Shintaro , Yamamoto Hidekazu , Endo Fumio , Inomata Yukihiro 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe herein present the case of a four‐yr‐old boy with PA who developed AMR after ABO‐incompatible LDLT despite undergoing B cell desensitization using rituximab. Although the CD19+ lymphocyte count decreased to 0.1% nine days after the administration of rituximab, he developed a high fever which was accompanied by arthralgia due to a streptococcal infection 13 days after rituximab prophylaxis. After the clearance of the infection, he underwent ABO‐incompatible LDLT 36 days after the administration of rituximab. The CD19+ lymphocyte count just prior to LDLT was 1.2%. He developed AMR five days after LDLT, and the antidonor‐type IgM and IgG antibody titers increased to 1:1024 and 1:1024, respectively. He was treated by plasma exchange, IVIG, steroid pulse therapy, and rituximab re‐administration; however, his liver dysfunction continued. Despite intensive treatment, he died due to complicated abdominal hernia, acute renal failure, and ARDS. This case suggests that a streptococcal infection may induce the activation of innate immune responses; thus, additional desensitization therapy should be considered prior to ABO‐incompatible LDLT if B cell reactivation is suspected.
Association between levels of fractional exhaled nitric oxide and asthma exacerbations in Thai children
Authors: Visitsunthorn Nualanong , Mahawichit Nawinda , Maneechotesuwan Kittipong 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveFractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) has been used as a marker for airway inflammation. We evaluated the association between FeNO levels and asthma exacerbations (AEs) in Thai children and young adults.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study in patients with atopic asthma aged 7–20 years. Asthma control level and management were evaluated every 3 months for 1 year. Spirometry and FeNO measurements were performed at baseline, and 6 and 12 months.ResultsIn all, 70 patients (median age: 12.6 (7.2–19.8) years) were enrolled, of whom 18% had an AE during the study period. Median FeNO levels were significantly higher in patients with an AE than in those without an AE (35.6 ppb vs 16.5 ppb; P = 0.012). FeNO of 31 ppb provided optimal sensitivity (92.3%) and specificity (75.4%) for AE prediction. Sensitivity and specificity of FeNO levels were higher than those of forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced expiratory flow at 25–75% of forced vital capacity bronchodilator reversibility for the prediction of an AE, but the difference was not significant (P = 0.121). None of the patients with FeNO level of 0–20 ppb had an AE within 12 months. Percentage of patients with FeNO of 21–40 ppb who suffered an AE was 20% and 30% at 6 and 12 months, respectively.ConclusionThe optimal cut‐off point of FeNO level for the prediction of AE is 31 ppb. AE within the next 12 months was significantly more common in patients with higher FeNO levels and in patients with a higher rate of previous 12‐month exacerbations.
Effects of selective carotid body stimulation with adenosine in conscious humans
Authors: Tubek Stanislaw , Niewinski Piotr , Reczuch Krzysztof , Janczak Dariusz , Rucinski Artur , Paleczny Bartlomiej , Engelman Zoar J. , Banasiak Waldemar , Paton Julian F. R. , Ponikowski Piotr 
Published: July 2016

Key points
In humans, excitation of peripheral chemoreceptors with systemic hypoxia causes hyperventilation, hypertension and tachycardia. However, the contribution of particular chemosensory areas (carotid vs. aortic bodies) to this response is unclear.
We showed that selective stimulation of the carotid body by the injection of adenosine into the carotid artery causes a dose‐dependent increase in minute ventilation and blood pressure with a concomitant decrease in heart rate in conscious humans. The ventilatory response was abolished and the haemodynamic response was diminished following carotid body ablation.
We found that the magnitude of adenosine evoked responses in minute ventilation and blood pressure was analogous to the responses evoked by hypoxia. By contrast, opposing heart rate responses were evoked by adenosine (bradycardia) vs. hypoxia (tachycardia).
Intra‐carotid adenosine administration may provide a novel method for perioperative assessment of the effectiveness of carotid body ablation, which has been recently proposed as a treatment strategy for sympathetically‐mediated diseases.
AbstractStimulation of peripheral chemoreceptors by acute hypoxia causes an increase in minute ventilation (VI), heart rate (HR) and arterial blood pressure (BP). However, the contribution of particular chemosensory areas, such as carotid (CB) vs. aortic bodies, to this response in humans remains unknown. We performed a blinded, randomized and placebo‐controlled study in 11 conscious patients (nine men, two women) undergoing common carotid artery angiography. Doses of adenosine ranging from 4 to 512 μg or placebo solution of a matching volume were administered in randomized order via a diagnostic catheter located in a common carotid artery. Separately, ventilatory and haemodynamic responses to systemic hypoxia were also assessed. Direct excitation of a CB with intra‐arterial adenosine increased VI, systolic BP, mean BP and decreased HR. No responses in these variables were seen after injections of placebo. The magnitude of the ventilatory and haemodynamic responses depended on both the dose of adenosine used and on the level of chemosensitivity as determined by the ventilatory response to hypoxia. Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of the CB abolished the adenosine evoked respiratory response and partially depressed the cardiovascular response in one participant. The results of the present study confirm the excitatory role of purines in CB physiology in humans and suggest that adenosine may be used for selective stimulation and assessment of CB activity. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01939912.
Promiscuous Diffusible Signal Factor Production and Responsiveness of the Xylella fastidiosa Rpf System
Authors: Ionescu Michael , Yokota Kenji , Antonova Elena , Garcia Angelica , Beaulieu Ellen , Hayes Terry , Iavarone Anthony T. , Lindow Steven E. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Cell density-dependent regulation of gene expression in
Xylella fastidiosa
that is crucial to its switching between plant hosts and insect vectors is dependent on RpfF and its production of 2-enoic acids known as diffusible signal factor (DSF). We show that
X. fastidiosa
produces a particularly large variety of similar, relatively long-chain-length 2-enoic acids that are active in modulating gene expression. Both
X. fastidiosa
itself and a
Pantoea agglomerans
surrogate host harboring
X. fastidiosa
RpfF (
Xf
RpfF) is capable of producing a variety of both saturated and unsaturated free fatty acids. However, only 2-
cis
unsaturated acids were found to be biologically active in
X. fastidiosa
.
X. fastidiosa
produces, and is particularly responsive to, a novel DSF species, 2-
cis
-hexadecanoic acid that we term
Xf
DSF2. It is also responsive to other, even longer 2-enoic acids to which other taxa such as
Xanthomonas campestris
are unresponsive. The 2-enoic acids that are produced by
X. fastidiosa
are strongly affected by the cellular growth environment, with
Xf
DSF2 not detected in culture media in which 2-tetradecenoic acid (
Xf
DSF1) had previously been found.
X. fastidiosa
is responsive to much lower concentrations of
Xf
DSF2 than
Xf
DSF1. Apparently competitive interactions can occur between various saturated and unsaturated fatty acids that block the function of those agonistic 2-enoic fatty acids. By altering the particular 2-enoic acids produced and the relative balance of free enoic and saturated fatty acids,
X. fastidiosa
might modulate the extent of DSF-mediated quorum sensing.

IMPORTANCE
X. fastidiosa
, having a complicated lifestyle in which it moves and multiplies within plants but also must be vectored by insects, utilizes DSF-based quorum sensing to partition the expression of traits needed for these two processes within different cells in this population based on local cellular density. The finding that it can produce a variety of DSF species in a strongly environmentally context-dependent manner provides insight into how it coordinates the many genes under the control of DSF signaling to successfully associate with its two hosts. Since the new DSF variant
Xf
DSF2 described here is much more active than the previously recognized DSF species, it should contribute to plant disease control, given that the susceptibility of plants can be greatly reduced by artificially elevating the levels of DSF in plants, creating “pathogen confusion,” resulting in lower virulence.
The climate-archive dune: Sedimentary record of annual wind intensity
Authors: Lindhorst Sebastian , Betzler Christian 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Active dunes contain an unread high-resolution archive of past wind strength. Variations in the grain-size spectrum of an active dune through time are compared with historical time series of wind speed. Annually averaged, sediment-derived wind intensity and instrumental records of wind speed show a correlation as high as 0.75. The potential of eolian dunes to gain long-term data series of wind intensity in areas and for time periods lacking an instrumental record is demonstrated by reconstructing 20th century wind-intensity variations in the southern North Sea area. The approach can be used in both recent and fossil dune systems. Potential applications include the validation of climate models, the reconstruction of supraregional wind systems, and the monitoring of future shifts in the climate system.
Quartz-in-garnet inclusion barometry under fire: Reducing uncertainty from model estimates
Authors: Ashley Kyle T. , Steele-MacInnis Matthew , Bodnar Robert J. , Darling Robert S. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Quartz inclusions in garnet are suitable for barometry because quartz is highly compressible relative to garnet, and the garnet host can maintain large stress differences generated as pressure-temperature conditions change. However, experimental validation of the quartz-in-garnet approach has been limited, raising questions concerning the accuracy of calculated entrapment pressure. Here we test the results of quartz-in-garnet barometry by conducting in situ Raman analysis of natural inclusions over a range of temperatures (−175 to 600 °C). We assess the temperature (T) dependence of inclusion pressure (Pincl) at 1 bar and compare calculated entrapment pressures derived from measurements at different temperatures. Experiments used two quartz standards (oriented [c] and &lt;a&gt;) and fully encapsulated quartz inclusions from three different terranes, retaining different Pincl at room T (−444, 296, and 755 MPa). The stretched quartz inclusion (Pincl &lt; 0) had the greatest increase in Pincl (+264 MPa, during heating from 25 to 500 °C), whereas the high-P inclusions underwent less change (+138 MPa) in Pincl over the same T interval. The greater T sensitivity of inclusions with low Pincl reflects the greater thermal expansivity of quartz near the α to β quartz transition. While measured Pincl-T trends are consistent with predictions, numerical models tend to overestimate Pincl at elevated T, and calculated entrapment pressures show an unrealistic dependence on reference T. Raman spectroscopic measurements conducted in situ at elevated T provide optimal results. In addition, we have recalibrated the thermal portion of the numerical method based on the present results, and provide new empirical expressions for improved quartz-in-garnet barometry.
Making decisions at the end of life when caring for a person with dementia: a literature review to explore the potential use of heuristics in difficult decision-making
Authors: Mathew R , Davies N , Manthorpe J , Iliffe S 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveDecision-making, when providing care and treatment for a person with dementia at the end of life, can be complex and challenging. There is a lack of guidance available to support practitioners and family carers, and even those experienced in end of life dementia care report a lack of confidence in decision-making. It is thought that the use of heuristics (rules of thumb) may aid decision-making. The aim of this study is to identify whether heuristics are used in end of life dementia care, and if so, to identify the context in which they are being used.DesignA narrative literature review was conducted taking a systematic approach to the search strategy, using the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination guidelines. Rapid appraisal methodology was used in order to source specific and relevant literature regarding the use of heuristics in end of life dementia care.Data sourcesA search using terms related to dementia, palliative care and decision-making was conducted across 4 English language electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL) in 2015.ResultsThe search identified 12 papers that contained an algorithm, guideline, decision tool or set of principles that we considered compatible with heuristic decision-making. The papers addressed swallowing and feeding difficulties, the treatment of pneumonia, management of pain and agitation, rationalising medication, ending life-sustaining treatment, and ensuring a good death.ConclusionsThe use of heuristics in palliative or end of life dementia care is not described in the research literature. However, this review identified important decision-making principles, which are largely a reflection of expert opinion. These principles may have the potential to be developed into simple heuristics that could be used in practice.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs): an insight into clinical practice with review of literature
Authors: McDonnell M J , Punnoose S , Viswanath Y K S , Wadd N J , Dhar A 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundGastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are rare mesenchymal tumours of the gastrointestinal tract. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical management of all patients with GIST presenting to a regional multidisciplinary upper gastrointestinal cancer group in the north of England.MethodsClinical, pathological, immunohistochemical treatment strategies, follow-up and outcome data on all patients with GIST between 2007 and 2012 were reviewed. Tumours were categorised by risk according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and AFIP models.Results36 (85.7%) of 42 tumours were located in the stomach, 5 (11.9%) in the small intestine and 1 (2.4%) in the oesophagus. Median age of patients was 68 (range 43–91) years. 24 patients (57.1%) were female. Tumour size ranged from 1.0  to 12.7 cm with mean size of 5.46 cm. Metastasis was present in 19 (45.2%) patients at diagnosis with distant metastases in 12 patients. Liver was the most common site of metastases. Histology and immunohistochemical analysis was available in 32 (76.2%) patients. Most common histology was spindle cell morphology 17/32 (53.1%) followed by epithelioid 9/32 (28.1%) and mixed morphology 5/32 (15.6%). The positive rate for KIT protein (CD117) was 90.6%, while that for CD34 was 75.0%. 12/25 (48.0%) and 8/23 (34.8%) patients were categorised as high risk as per NIH and AFIP risk scores, respectively. 23/42 (54.8%) patients underwent surgical resection, after which 5/23 (21.7%) had adjuvant imatinib therapy. Imatinib was given as primary therapy in 14/42 (33.3%) patients.ConclusionsSurgery alone may not be a curative treatment for GISTs. Targeted therapy with imatinib may play an important role in the treatment of GISTs. Further risk categorisation models may be needed to evaluate GIST behaviour and prognosis.