bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UV-B irradiation promotes anthocyanin biosynthesis in the leaves of Lycium ruthenicum Murray
Authors: Chen Shengrong , Xu Yunzhang , Zhao Weimin , Shi Guomin , Wang Shuai , He Tao 
Published: October 2024

Anthocyanins are the most valuable pigments in Lycium ruthenicum Murray (L. ruthenicum). Although ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiation is a key environmental factor influencing anthocyanin biosynthesis in L. ruthenicum, the deep molecular mechanism remains unclear. Herein, we examined the changes in the total anthocyanin content and transcriptomic characteristics of L. ruthenicum leaves following UV-B irradiation treatment. The results showed a twofold increase in anthocyanin content in the leaves of L. ruthenicum after the treatment. The transcriptome analysis showed that the expression of 24 structural genes identified in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway was up-regulated. In particular, F3’H (Unigene0009145) and C4H (Unigene0046607) exhibit notable up-regulation, suggesting their potential roles in anthocyanin synthesis. Protein interaction network results revealed that MYB1 (Unigene0047706) had the highest connectivity, followed by bHLH (Unigene0014085). Additionally, UVR8 (Unigene0067978) and COP1 (Unigene0008780) were found to be highly involved in UV-B signal transduction. These findings provide new insights into the genetic and biochemical mechanisms that regulate anthocyanin production, and could guide agricultural practices to reduce environmental impacts and improve crop yield and quality.
Exploring the density and morphology of coconut structures at two locations: a time-based analysis using computer tomography
Authors: Lin Shenghuang , Sun Chengxu , Luo Li’an , Huang Mengxing , John Martin JeromeJeyakumar , Cao Hongxing , Hu Jinyue , Bai Zhiming , He Zhanping , Zhang Yu , Chen Jing 
Published: October 2024

Background
The study aimed to observe the internal structure of coconuts from two locations (coastal and non-coastal) using computed tomography (CT).

Methods
Seventy-six mature coconuts were collected from Wenchang and Ding’an cities in Hainan Province. These coconuts were scanned four times using CT, with a two-week interval between each scan. CT data were post-processed to reconstruct two-dimensional slices and three-dimensional models. The density and morphological parameters of coconut structures were measured, and the differences in these characteristics between the two groups and the changes over time were analyzed.

Results
Time and location had interactive effects on CT values of embryos, solid endosperms and mesocarps, morphological information such as major axis of coconut, thickness of mesocarp, volume of coconut water and height of bud (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Planting location and observation time can affect the density and morphology of some coconut structures.
Mangrove afforestation as an ecological control of invasive Spartina alterniflora affects rhizosphere soil physicochemical properties and bacterial community in a subtropical tidal estuarine wetland
Authors: Wang Jinwang , Lin Xi , An Xia , Liu Shuangshuang , Wei Xin , Zhou Tianpei , Li Qianchen , Chen Qiuxia , Liu Xing 
Published: October 2024

Background
The planting of mangroves is extensively used to control the invasive plant Spartina alterniflora in coastal wetlands. Different plant species release diverse sets of small organic compounds that affect rhizosphere conditions and support high levels of microbial activity. The root-associated microbial community is crucial for plant health and soil nutrient cycling, and for maintaining the stability of the wetland ecosystem.

Methods
High-throughput sequencing was used to assess the structure and function of the soil bacterial communities in mudflat soil and in the rhizosphere soils of S. alterniflora, mangroves, and native plants in the Oujiang estuarine wetland, China. A distance-based redundancy analysis (based on Bray–Curtis metrics) was used to identify key soil factors driving bacterial community structure.

Results
S. alterniflora invasion and subsequent mangrove afforestation led to the formation of distinct bacterial communities. The main soil factors driving the structure of bacterial communities were electrical conductivity (EC), available potassium (AK), available phosphorus (AP), and organic matter (OM). S. alterniflora obviously increased EC, OM, available nitrogen (AN), and NO3−-N contents, and consequently attracted copiotrophic Bacteroidates to conduct invasion in the coastal areas. Mangroves, especially Kandelia obovata, were suitable pioneer species for restoration and recruited beneficial Desulfobacterota and Bacilli to the rhizosphere. These conditions ultimately increased the contents of AP, available sulfur (AS), and AN in soil. The native plant species Carex scabrifolia and Suaeda glauca affected coastal saline soil primarily by decreasing the EC, rather than by increasing nutrient contents. The predicted functions of bacterial communities in rhizosphere soils were related to active catabolism, whereas those of the bacterial community in mudflat soil were related to synthesis and resistance to environmental factors.

Conclusions
Ecological restoration using K. obovata has effectively improved a degraded coastal wetland mainly through increasing phosphorus availability and promoting the succession of the microbial community.
Selection Strategy for Yield Improvement of Chickpea Genotypes (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Bharath Kushalam , Lavanya G. Roopa 
Published: October 2024

An investigation was undertaken to assess the genetic variability parameters, correlation and path analysis in 25 chickpea genotypes for 12 quantitative traits during the Rabi season of 2022-23 in a Randomized Block Design with three replications. Analysis of variance indicated high significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits. Considerable variability existed in the genotypes for all the characters studied. The study found that CG23, CG159, and CG199 were the most superior genotypes for grain yield per plant among 25 chickpea genotypes. High PCV, GCV, heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean were recorded for test weight and biological yield. Grain yield per plant showed positive significant association with number of pods, days to maturity, days to 50% pod initiation and number of primary branches. High and positive direct effect of grain yield per plant at both phenotypic and genotypic levels were depicted by harvest index. These characters may be taken into consideration for selection of quantitative characters for crop improvement.
Evaporation in action sensed by multiwavelength Doppler radars
Authors: Tridon Frédéric , Battaglia Alessandro , Watters Daniel 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis work documents a rain case dominated by evaporation which occurred at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement site in Oklahoma on 15 September 2011. A recently developed algorithm, applied to radar Doppler spectra measured at Ka and W band, provides the vertical evolution of binned drop size distributions (DSDs) and of the vertical wind. Such retrieved quantities are used in connection with relative humidity (RH) profiles to derive evaporation rates and atmospheric cooling rates. In addition, in regions of stationarity and of light rain, when other microphysical processes are negligible, the presented case study suggests the possibility of retrieving RH profiles from the vertical evolution of the drop size distributions. The key is to characterize the gradient of the rain mass flux between successive levels. Such signal is particularly weak and can be enhanced thanks to a substantial averaging of the retrieved DSD over approximately 5 min and 250 m (eight range gates). The derived profile agrees with the retrieval from coincident Raman lidar observations within a 10% RH difference. These results suggest that other rain microphysical processes could be studied by combining the radar‐based DSD retrieval with ancillary RH observations.
Influence of a West Antarctic mantle plume on ice sheet basal conditions
Authors: Seroussi Helene , Ivins Erik R. , Wiens Douglas A. , Bondzio Johannes 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe possibility that a deep mantle plume manifests Pliocene and Quaternary volcanism and potential elevated heat flux in West Antarctica has been studied for more than 30 years. Recent seismic images support the plume hypothesis as the cause of Marie Byrd Land (MBL) volcanism and geophysical structure. Mantle plumes may more than double the geothermal heat flux above nominal continental values. A dearth of in situ ice sheet basal data exists that samples the heat flux. Consequently, we examine a realistic distribution of heat flux associated with a possible late Cenozoic mantle plume in West Antarctica and explore its impact on thermal and melt conditions at the ice sheet base. We use a simple analytical mantle plume parameterization to produce geothermal heat flux at the base of the ice sheet. The three‐dimensional ice flow model includes an enthalpy framework and full‐Stokes stress balance. As both the putative plume location and extent are uncertain, we perform broadly scoped experiments to characterize the impact of the plume on geothermal heat flux and ice sheet basal conditions. The experiments show that mantle plumes have an important local impact on the ice sheet, with basal melting rates reaching several centimeters per year directly above the hotspot. In order to be consistent with observations of basal hydrology in MBL, the upper bound on the plume‐derived geothermal heat flux is 150 mW/m2. In contrast, the active lake system of the lower part of Whillans Ice Stream suggests a widespread anomalous mantle heat flux, linked to a rift source.
Spectral decomposition of regulatory thresholds for climate‐driven fluctuations in hydro‐ and wind power availability
Authors: Wörman A. , Bottacin‐Busolin A. , Zmijewski N. , Riml J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractClimate‐driven fluctuations in the runoff and potential energy of surface water are generally large in comparison to the capacity of hydropower regulation, particularly when hydropower is used to balance the electricity production from covarying renewable energy sources such as wind power. To define the bounds of reservoir storage capacity, we introduce a dedicated reservoir volume that aggregates the storage capacity of several reservoirs to handle runoff from specific watersheds. We show how the storage bounds can be related to a spectrum of the climate‐driven modes of variability in water availability and to the covariation between water and wind availability. A regional case study of the entire hydropower system in Sweden indicates that the longest regulation period possible to consider spans from a few days of individual subwatersheds up to several years, with an average limit of a couple of months. Watershed damping of the runoff substantially increases the longest considered regulation period and capacity. The high covariance found between the potential energy of the surface water and wind energy significantly reduces the longest considered regulation period when hydropower is used to balance the fluctuating wind power.
Validation of a 30 m resolution flood hazard model of the conterminous United States
Authors: Wing Oliver E. J. , Bates Paul D. , Sampson Christopher C. , Smith Andrew M. , Johnson Kris A. , Erickson Tyler A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper reports the development of a ∼30 m resolution two‐dimensional hydrodynamic model of the conterminous U.S. using only publicly available data. The model employs a highly efficient numerical solution of the local inertial form of the shallow water equations which simulates fluvial flooding in catchments down to 50 km2 and pluvial flooding in all catchments. Importantly, we use the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Elevation Dataset to determine topography; the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers National Levee Database to explicitly represent known flood defenses; and global regionalized flood frequency analysis to characterize return period flows and rainfalls. We validate these simulations against the complete catalogue of Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) maps and detailed local hydraulic models developed by the USGS. Where the FEMA SFHAs are based on high‐quality local models, the continental‐scale model attains a hit rate of 86%. This correspondence improves in temperate areas and for basins above 400 km2. Against the higher quality USGS data, the average hit rate reaches 92% for the 1 in 100 year flood, and 90% for all flood return periods. Given typical hydraulic modeling uncertainties in the FEMA maps and USGS model outputs (e.g., errors in estimating return period flows), it is probable that the continental‐scale model can replicate both to within error. The results show that continental‐scale models may now offer sufficient rigor to inform some decision‐making needs with dramatically lower cost and greater coverage than approaches based on a patchwork of local studies.
Fault estimation and fault‐tolerant control of the FAST NREL 5‐MW reference wind turbine using a proportional multi‐integral observer
Authors: Kühne Patrick , Pöschke Florian , Schulte Horst 
Published: August 2017

SummaryA proportional multi‐integral (PMI) observer scheme is used to reconstruct actuator and sensor faults in large‐scale wind turbines. For the nonlinear full‐load region, a PMI observer in Takagi‐Sugeno form is used. Two different methods are proposed for the observer design: a Lyapunov‐based and a modified linear quadratic regulator approach, where the stability is ensured by a negative derivative of the Lyapunov function candidate. The actuator and sensor faults are directly reconstructed from an augmented state‐space vector. The control inputs and measurement signal are then modified with the reconstructed fault signals to achieve fault‐tolerant control in the presence of faults with a similar behavior to the fault‐free case. It is shown by extensive simulation studies that the PMI observer is able the reconstruct offset and ramp‐shaped faults with high accuracy. The performance of the fault reconstruction and fault‐tolerant control scheme based on a 4‐degree‐of‐freedom observer model is tested in simulations by a high‐order 24‐degree‐of‐freedom model with the aeroelastic code FAST by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The new results are also compared with those of the previously published fault reconstruction scheme using Takagi‐Sugeno sliding‐mode observers.
Protochromic Devices from a Cephalopod Structural Protein
Authors: Ordinario David D. , Leung Erica M. , Phan Long , Kautz Rylan , Lee Woo Kyung , Naeim Mahan , Kerr Justin P. , Aquino Mercedeez J. , Sheehan Paul E. , Gorodetsky Alon A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCephalopods possess remarkable camouflage capabilities, which are enabled by their complex innervated skin architectures and advanced nervous systems. As such, cephalopod skin constitutes an exciting model for biomimetic camouflage technologies. This study draws inspiration from the constituent components of optically active ultrastructures found in squid skin cells to help design color‐changing bioelectronic devices, which consist of a proton‐transporting active layer contacted by a proton‐conducting actuating electrode. The devices exhibit distinct shifts in their reflectance and coloration, which are attributed to active layer thickness changes induced by the direct electrical injection/extraction of protons. The reported findings may hold relevance for developing novel color‐changing technologies, understanding ion‐transporting biological systems, and engineering improved bioelectronic platforms.
Gold‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Dibenzo[1,5]diazocines from β‐(2‐Aminophenyl)‐α,β‐ynones
Authors: Rode Navnath D. , Arcadi Antonio , Chiarini Marco , Marinelli Fabio , Portalone Gustavo 
Published: August 2017

Abstractβ‐(2‐Aminophenyl)‐α,β‐ynones afforded exclusively challenging dibenzo[1,5]diazocines by means of (JonPhosAuNCMe)SbF6 catalysis. In contrast with the known gold‐catalyzed reaction path of 2‐alkynylanilines that leads to indoles, ynones underwent an auto intermolecular hydroamination. This process resulted finally in the formation of an eight‐membered ring, likely through a selective 8‐exo‐dig intramolecular hydroamination that prevailed over the possible cyclocondensation reaction (that would result in the formation of 4‐aminoquinoline derivatives). The easy availability of β‐(2‐aminophenyl)‐α,β‐ynones and the simple cyclization procedure make this approach suitable for the preparation of a wide range of useful dibenzodiazocines. The methodology can be extended to the use of β‐(2‐aminophenyl)‐α,β‐ynoates as substrates.magnified image
Evaluation of a pilot programme on diagnostic thoracic ultrasound curriculum for acute care physiotherapists
Authors: Ntoumenopoulos George , Ong Hwee Kuan , Toh Hong Chuen , Saclolo Rafael Pulido , Sewa Wen Duu 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIntroduction/purposeDiagnostic thoracic ultrasound is increasingly being used by non‐physicians; hence, we evaluated a curriculum for acute care physiotherapists in critical care.MethodsThe one‐day course included didactic lectures combined with expert‐led hands‐on training. Participants undertook pre‐ and post‐course knowledge questionnaire covering key ultrasound findings for normal lungs, pleural and pulmonary pathologies. Course participants who worked at the institution where the course was undertaken undertook a practical examination. We also did a 4‐ to 6‐week follow‐up survey of participants. The pretest and post‐test questionnaire and survey results were reported using descriptive statistics (means SD or median and IQR).ResultsA total of 12 acute care physiotherapists undertook the training and questionnaire scores (mean percentage, SD, 95% CI) increased from 73.3 ± 15.5% (63.4–83.2) before the training to 86.3 ± 5.5% (82.8–89.8) after training.DiscussionThis diagnostic thoracic ultrasound training course resulted in improvements of diagnostic thoracic ultrasound knowledge including lung and pleural pathology image recognition skills in a small group of acute care physiotherapists with nil previous diagnostic thoracic ultrasound skills. Two‐thirds of the participants who responded to the survey undertook only one to three scans in clinical practice, and the most frequent barrier to clinical use of diagnostic thoracic ultrasound was time constraints.ConclusionFurther investigation of such a diagnostic thoracic ultrasound training programme on knowledge and skills retention and image acquisition and interpretation in real life clinical practice in a larger group of acute care physiotherapists is warranted.
A 2‐O‐Methylriboside Unknown Outside the RNA World Contains Arsenic
Authors: Glabonjat Ronald A. , Raber Georg , Jensen Kenneth B. , Guttenberger Nikolaus , Zangger Klaus , Francesconi Kevin A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLipid‐soluble arsenic compounds, also called arsenolipids, are ubiquitous marine natural products of currently unknown origin and function. In our search for clues about the possible biological roles of these compounds, we investigated arsenic metabolism in the unicellular green alga Dunaliella tertiolecta, and discovered an arsenolipid fundamentally different from all those previously identified; namely, a phytyl 5‐dimethylarsinoyl‐2‐O‐methyl‐ribofuranoside. The discovery is of particular interest because 2‐O‐methylribosides have, until now, only been found in RNA. We briefly discuss the significance of the new lipid in biosynthesis and arsenic biogeochemical cycling.
Beyond Bleaney's Theory: Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of Periodic Trends in Lanthanide‐Induced Chemical Shift
Authors: Suturina Elizaveta A. , Mason Kevin , Geraldes Carlos F. G. C. , Kuprov Ilya , Parker David 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA detailed analysis of paramagnetic NMR shifts in a series of isostructural lanthanide complexes relavant to PARASHIFT contrast agents reveals unexpected trends in the magnetic susceptibility anisotropy that cannot be explained by the commonly used Bleaney's theory. Ab initio calculations reveal that the primary assumption of Bleaney's theory—that thermal energy is larger than the ligand field splitting—does not hold for the lanthanide complexes in question, and likely for a large fraction of lanthanide complexes in general. This makes the orientation of the magnetic susceptibility tensor differ significantly between complexes of different lanthanides with the same ligand: one of the most popular assumptions about isostructural lanthanide series is wrong.
Purification and characterization of trypsin produced by gut bacteria from Anticarsia gemmatalis
Authors: Pilon Franciny Martins , Silva Camila da Rocha , Visôtto Liliane Evangelista , Barros Rafael de Almeida , da Silva Júnior Neilier Rodrigues , Campos Wellington Garcia , de Almeida Oliveira Maria Goreti 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPurification of active trypsin in the digestive process of insects is essential for the development of potent protease inhibitors (PIs) as an emerging pest control technology and research into insect adaptations to dietary PIs. An important aspect is the presence of proteolytic microorganisms, which contribute to host nutrition. Here, we purified trypsins produced by bacteria Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus mundtii, Enterococcus gallinarum, and Staphylococcus xylosus isolated from the midgut of Anticarsia gemmatalis. The trypsins had a molecular mass of approximately 25 kDa. The enzymes showed increased activity at 40°C, and they were active at pH values 7.5–10. Aprotinin, bis‐benzamidine, and soybean Kunitz inhibitor (SKTI) significantly inhibited trypsin activity. The l‐1‐tosyl‐amido‐2‐phenylethylchloromethyl ketone (TPCK), pepstatin A, E‐64, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, and calcium ions did not affect the enzyme activity at the concentrations tested. We infer the purified trypsins do not require calcium ions, by which they differ from the trypsins of other microorganisms and the soluble and insoluble trypsins characterized from A. gemmatalis. These data suggest the existence of different isoforms of trypsin in the velvetbean caterpillar midguts.
Co‐expression of alpha‐1 antitrypsin with cytoplasmic domain of v‐SNARE in Pichia pastoris: Preserving biological activity of alpha‐1 antitrypsin
Authors: Khatami Maryam , Hosseini Seyed Nezamedin , Hasannia Sadegh 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAlpha‐1‐antitrypsin (A1AT) is a major serum protein in human with protease inhibitory activity. Because of its extensive application in medicine, recombinant DNA technology has been considered for its production. The current study examines coexpression of A1AT and soluble domain of v‐SNARE in Pichia pastoris, which can prevent the secretion of A1AT after thoroughly passing the secretory pathway. This was done mainly to preserve the biological activity of A1AT, which in the secretory mode might be impaired in the fermentation and early clarification conditions. SNARE proteins are the driving force for vesicle docking and membrane fusion in the exocytosis. Intracellular expression of the cytoplasmic domain of v‐SNARE and its subsequent interaction to form SNARE complex can intensify the competition for A1AT secretory vesicles to be fused and released to the media. Our investigation shows successful coexpression of A1AT in the form of post‐Golgi vesicles and the cytoplasmic domain of v‐SNARE. Our findings confirmed the reduction of A1AT secretion by 45% caused accumulation of post‐Golgi secretory vesicles filled with A1AT inside the yeast cell. A1AT trapped in secretory vesicles were biologically more active than secretory A1AT. These results indicate that the inhibition of A1AT secretion can protect its biological activity in fermentation and clarification processes.