bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tourism and recreation system of Kabardino-Balkaria Republic: design solutions on attraction of &#34;new&#34; tourists
Authors: Тхагапсов Ахмед , Tkhagapsov Akhmed 
Published: November 2015

In Kabardino-Balkaria development of tourism and recreation system is a priority for social and economic development, along with agriculture. The aim - creation of infrastructure of tourism and recreation system covering related sectors, and strengthening the multiplier effect of tourism industry. Consequently, Russia&#180;s ability to invest in the modernization of infrastructure will impact on the effectiveness of the tourism and recreation system and the whole region. Kabardino-Balkaria has the highest recreational potential, the implementation of which requires taking into account the specific conditions. These include the transport remoteness, the tense political and socio-economic situation, the lack of professional personnel and advanced infrastructure, as well as the specific mentality of local people.
The author proposes a model of tourismand recreational zoning of Kabardino-Balkaria on the basis of the developed tourism and recreational zones, formed taking into account features of the territorial arrangement, level of tourism-recreational value and feasibility of further development of tourism destinations. All this is the basis of design solutions on attraction of &#34;new&#34; tourists and increasing the profitability of tourism and recreational business in the region.
Clinical Trials in Precision Oncology
Authors: Mockus Susan M , Patterson Sara E , Statz Cara , Bult Carol J , Tsongalis Gregory J 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Availability of genomic information used in the management of cancer treatment has outpaced both regulatory and reimbursement efforts. Many types of clinical trials are underway to validate the utility of emerging genome-based biomarkers for diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive applications. Clinical trials are a key source of evidence required for US Food and Drug Administration approval of therapies and companion diagnostics and for establishing the acceptance criteria for reimbursement.

CONTENT
Determining the eligibility of patients for molecular-based clinical trials and the interpretation of data emerging from clinical trials is significantly hampered by 2 primary factors: the lack of specific reporting standards for biomarkers in clinical trials and the lack of adherence to official gene and variant naming standards. Clinical trial registries need specifics on the mutation required for enrollment as opposed to allowing a generic mutation entry such as, “EGFR mutation.” The use of clinical trials data in bioinformatics analysis and reporting is also gated by the lack of robust, state of the art programmatic access support. An initiative is needed to develop community standards for clinical trial descriptions and outcome reporting that are modeled after similar efforts in the genomics research community.

SUMMARY
Systematic implementation of reporting standards is needed to insure consistency and specificity of biomarker data, which will in turn enable better comparison and assessment of clinical trial outcomes across multiple studies. Reporting standards will facilitate improved identification of relevant clinical trials, aggregation and comparison of information across independent trials, and programmatic access to clinical trials databases.
Numerical And Physical Simulation Of Liquid Steel Behaviour In One Strand Tundish With Subflux Turbulence Controller
Authors: Cwudziński A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis paper presents the results of computer simulations (Ansys-Fluent) and laboratory experiments (physical water model) carried out to describe the motion of steel flow in the tundish. The facility under investigation is a single-nozzle slab tundish. The internal geometry of consider object was changed by flow control device i.e. subflux turbulence controller (STC). In order to obtain a complete hydrodynamic picture in the tundish furniture variants tested, the computer simulations were performed for both isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. From the performed computer simulations and laboratory experiments (physical modeling) it can be found that, the non-isothermal conditions occurring during continuous steel casting will definitely influence the hydrodynamic pattern forming in the tundishes with STC.
The Magnetization Reversal Processes Of Bulk (Nd, Y)-(Fe, Co)-B Alloy In The As-Quenched State
Authors: Dośpiał M. , Nabiałek M. , Szota M. , Gondro J. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The magnetization reversal processes of bulk Fe64Co5Nd6Y6B19 alloy in the as-quenched state have been investigated. From the analysis of the initial magnetization curve and differential susceptibility versus an internal magnetic field it was deduced, that the main mechanism of magnetization reversal process is the pinning of domain walls at the grain’s boundaries of the Nd2Fe14B phase. Basing on the dependence of the reversible magnetization component as a function of magnetic field it was found that reversible rotation of a magnetic moment vector and motion of domain walls in multi-domain grains result in high initial values of the reversible component. The presence of at least two maxima on differential susceptibility of irreversible magnetization component in function of magnetic field imply existence of few pinning sites of domain walls in Fe64Co5Nd6Y6B19 alloy. The dominant interactions between particles have been determined on the basis of the Wohlfarth dependence. Such a behavior of Wohlfarth’s plot implies that the dominant interaction between grains becomes short range exchange interactions.
TEM & AFM - Complementary Techniques For Structural Characterization Of Nanobainitic Steel
Authors: Dworecka J. , Jezierska E. , Rębiś J. , Rożniatowski K. , Świątnicki W. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse and to identify the phases which formed in 100CrMnSi6-4 bearing steel after the nanostructuring heat treatment. Especially designed thermal treatment parameters were applied in order to obtain a nanobainitic structure. Two different microscopic techniques were used for the precise examination of the microstructures obtained: transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Both analyses confirm that the examined steel has a nanocrystalline structure. However, it was discovered that the selected analysis methods affected the results of the plate thickness measurements.
Improvement Of Tools Durability By Application Of Hybrid Layer Of Nitrided/PECVD Coating.
Authors: Gronostajski Z. , Kaszuba M. , Paschke H. , Zakrzewski T. , Rogaliński G. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In the process of die hot forging the tools are subjected to three main factors leading to their destruction: the intensive thermal shocks, cyclically variable mechanical loads and intensive friction. The above mentioned factors causing destruction in the process of hot forging and warm forging concern mainly the surface of tools. Hybrid technique nitrided/PECVD belong to the latest methods of modifying the properties of the surface layer. In the paper the application of this technique for forging tools of constant velocity joint body is presented. The durability of the new tools is much better than the tools applied so far.
Analysis Of The Underpotential Deposition Of Cadmium On Copper
Authors: Kowalik R. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In this study the process of deposition of cadmium on polycrystalline copper electrode in sulfate solution was investigated. The process of underpotential and bulk deposition was analyzed by classical electrochemical method: cyclic voltammetry(CV), anodic stripping voltammetry(ASV) and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance(EQCM). The obtained results were compared with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) measurements. CV, EQCM and EIS results suggest that the UPD of cadmium starts below potential −0.4 V vs Ag/AgCl. Additionally the stripping analysis indicates the formation of cadmium monolayer with different density of deposited atoms depending on the applied potential. The transition from UPD to bulk deposition occurs below potential −0,7 V.
Requirements Relating To Manufacturing Constructions In The Aspect Of Conducting Ultrasonic Testing
Authors: Kaczmarek R. , Krawczyk R. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Basic factors which have an influence on conducting manual ultrasonic testing of joints in the welded constructions are presented in the following article. These factors are specified on the base of the guidelines referring to conditions and methods of carrying out examinations which are currently in force in the following standards PN-EN ISO 17640 and PN-EN ISO 22825. Due to the vastness of subject of ultrasonic testing the main aim of the following article is to collect all important information which relates to design and manufacture of constructions and has a key influence on the following examinations.
Examination And Detecting Discontinuities In The Austenite Inconel 625 Layer Used On The Sheet Pile Walls Of The Boiler’s Evaporator To Utilize Waste Thermally
Authors: Słania J. , Krawczyk R. , Wójcik SZ. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
There are practical aspects of a quality control of the Inconel 625 surfacing weld in terms of undergone examinations and detected defects in chapter three of the article. Visual inspections, examinations of the thickness of the surfacing weld, examinations of an iron content on the surface of the surfacing weld and detecting surface cracks are described. A process of undergone practical examinations is presented.
The Influence Of Temperature Gradient On Stereological Parameters Of Carbide Phase On Cross-Section Of Abrasive Wear Resistant Chromium Cast Iron
Authors: Studnicki A. , Suchoń J. , Wróbel T. , Szajnar J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn the paper analysis of temperature gradient and parameters of structure on casting cross-section of abrasive wear resistant chromium cast iron at carbon content of 2,5%wt. and chromium 17%wt. with nickel and molybdenum additives are presented. The castings were made with use of special tester ϕ100mm (method of temperature gradient and derivative analysis) with temperature recording in many points from thermal centre to surface (to mould) of casting. Registered cooling curves were used to describe the temperature gradient on cross-section of analyzed casting. On the basis of determined curves of temperature gradient measurement fields were selected to make the quantitative studies of structure. The results of studies show significant influence of temperature gradient on quantitative parameters of chromium cast iron structure. Moreover was affirmed that exists a critical temperature gradient for which is present rapid change of quantitative parameters of chromium cast iron structure.
A Method For Producing Hollow Shafts By Rotary Compression Using A Specially Designed Forging Machine
Authors: Tomczak J. , Bulzak T. , Pater Z. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The paper presents a new method for manufacturing hollow shafts, where tubes are used as billet. First, the design of a specially designed forging machine for rotary compression is described. The machine is then numerically tested with regard to its strength, and the effect of elastic strains of the roll system on the quality of produced parts is determined. The machine’s strength is calculated by the finite element method using the NX Nastran program. Technological capabilities of the machine are determined, too. Next, the results of the modeling of the rotary compression process for a hollow stepped shafts by the finite element method are given. The process for manufacturing hollow shafts was modeled using the Simufact.Forming simulation program. The FEM results are then verified experimentally in the designed forging machine for rotary compression. The experimental results confirm that axisymmetric hollow shafts can be produced by the rotary compression method. It is also confirmed that numerical methods are suitable for investigating both machine design and metal forming processes.
The Effect Of Homogenization Conditions On The Structure And Properties Of 6082 Alloy Billets
Authors: Woźnicki A. , Leśniak D. , Włoch G. , Leszczyńska-Madej B. , Wojtyna A. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The paper presents the results of laboratory homogenization investigations of the 6082 grade alloys, differing in Mg and Si content. At the first stage, the microstructure of alloys was analysed after homogenization finished with water quenching. SEM/EDS investigations and DSC tests were applied to evaluate the dissolution of the Mg2Si particles and concentration of the main alloying additions in the grains interiors, depending on soaking conditions. In the case of alloy with lower Mg and Si content, homogenization the temperature of 535ºC for 8h is sufficient for significant Mg2Si particles dissolution. For the alloy with higher Mg and Si content, after homogenization the temperature of 550ºC for 8h, the amount of undissolved Mg2Si particles decreases visibly, compared to homogenization at 535ºC for 8h. However, an unfavourable tendency of dispersoids growth is observed and these soaking conditions are not found to be recommended.
At the second research stage, the influence of homogenization cooling rate on the size and distribution of the Mg2Si particles observed in the alloys microstructure was analysed. The ability of the Mg2Si particles, precipitated during various homogenization coolings, to rapid dissolution was estimated. For this purpose, the hardness after solution heat treatment with short annealing and ageing was determined and the DSC tests were performed. It was found, that cooling after homogenization at 315ºC/h is sufficient for precipitation of fine Mg2Si particles, which dissolve during subsequent rapid heating. Cooling at 40ºC/h, causes precipitation of Mg2Si phase in the form of large particles, unable for further fast dissolution.
Structure Of TiN/Hydroxyapatite Multilayers Deposited On Surface Of NiTi Shape Memory Alloy
Authors: Dudek K. , Goryczka T. , Wierzchoń T. , Lelątko J. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In order to improve a corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of NiTi shape memory alloys, the surface of the NiTi alloy was covered by protective layers. The paper presents results of the layers composed of titanium nitride and hydroxyapatite (HAp). The TiN layers were deposited using the glow discharge technique and then the bioactive hydroxyapatite layer was formed from simulated body fluids solution. The results of the structure studies and microscopic observations confirmed that on the surface of the NiTi alloy a thin titanium nitride layer 35-50 nm thick (depending on the glow discharge technique parameters) was obtained. The structure of the deposited layers was studied by means of the X-ray diffraction technique. Also, mechanical parameters of obtained layers were characterized using nanoindentation. On the top of the titanium nitride, a layer consisted of hydroxyapatite and NaCl was formed. Applied parameters of deposition process did not lead to decomposition of the NiTi parent phase (B2) to the equilibrium ones.
Characterization Of Oxide Layers Formed On 13CrMo4-5 Steel Operated For A Long Time At An Elevated Temperature
Authors: Gwoździk M. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The paper contains results of studies into the formation of oxide layers on 13CrMo4-5 (15HM) steel long-term operated at an elevated temperature. The oxide layer was studied on a surface and a cross-section at the inner and outer surface of the tube wall. The 13CrMo4-5 steel operated at the temperature of 470°C during 190,000 hours was investigated. X-ray structural examinations (XRD) were carried out, microscope observation s using an optical, scanning microscope were performed. The native material chemical composition was analysed by means of emission spark spectroscopy, while that of oxide layers on a scanning microscope (EDS). The studies on the topography of the oxide layers comprised studies on the roughness plane, which were carried out using a AFM microscope designed for 2D and 3D studies on the surface. Mechanical properties of the oxide layer – steel (substrate) were characterised on the basis of scratch test. The adhesion of oxide layers, friction force, friction coefficient, scratching depth were determined as well as the force at which the layer was delaminated.
Corrosion Behaviour Of Sintered AISI 316L Stainless Steel Modified With Boron-Rich Master Alloy In 0.5M NaCl Water Solution
Authors: Szewczyk-Nykiel A. , Skałoń M. , Kazior J. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Present study describes results of research conducted on sinters manufactured from a powdered AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel modified with an addition of boron-rich master alloy. The main aim was to study impact of the master alloy addition on a corrosion resistance of sinters in 0.5M water solution of NaCl. In order to achieve it, a potentiodynamic method was used. Corrosion tests results were also supplemented with a microstructures of near-surface areas. Scanning electron microscope pictures of a corroded surfaces previously exposed to the corrosive environment were taken and compared. It was successful to increase the corrosion resistance of AISI 316L sinters modified with master alloy. It was also successful in particular samples to obtain a densified superficial layer not only on the sinters sintered in the hydrogen but also on sinters sintered in the vacuum. No linear correlation between presence of the densified superficial layer and the enhanced corrosion resistance was noticed.
Laser Welding Of Finned Tubes Made Of Austenitic Steels
Authors: Stolecki M. , Bijok H. , Kowal Ł. , Adamiec J. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This paper describes the technology of welding of finned tubes made of the X5CrNi1810 (1.4301) austenitic steel, developed at Energoinstal SA, allowing one to get high quality joints that meet the requirements of the classification societies (PN-EN 15614), and at the same time to significantly reduce the manufacturing costs. The authors described an automatic technological line equipped with a Trumph disc laser and a tube production technological process. To assess the quality of the joints, one performed metallographic examinations, hardness measurements and a technological attempt to rupture the fin. Analysis of the results proved that the laser-welded finned tubes were performed correctly and that the welded joints had shown no imperfections.
Physical Modelling Of The Steel Flow In RH Apparatus
Authors: Pieprzyca J. , Merder T. , Saternus M. , Michalek K. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The efficiency of vacuum steel degassing using RH methods depends on many factors. One of the most important are hydrodynamic processes occurring in the ladle and vacuum chamber. It is always hard and expensive to determine the flow character and the way of steel mixing in industrial unit; thus in this case, methods of physical modelling are applied. The article presents the results of research carried out on the water physical model of RH apparatus concerning the influence of the flux value of inert gas introduced through the suck legs on hydrodynamic conditions of the process. Results of the research have visualization character and are presented graphically as a RTD curves. The main aim of such research is to optimize the industrial vacuum steel degassing process by means of RH method.
DSC Analysis Of Order–Disorder Transition In Ni3Al Based Alloys From Ni-Al-Cr System
Authors: Maciąg T. , Rzyman K. , Przeliorz R. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractNi-Al-Cr system is significant for industrial alloys based on intermetallic phase Ni3Al, that crystallizes in crystal lattice L12. It is indicated as γ′, contrary to disordered phase γ which occurs with addition of chromium. DSC analysis was performed on alloys of chemical composition from Ni75Al25÷Ni75Cr25 range of Ni-rich part of Ni-Al-Cr system. In addition, few measurements were conducted using DTA method. Based on curves registered, it was possible to identify characteristic temperature during heating and cooling of the sample. It corresponds to existence of phase boundary γ′+γ / γ in examined alloys. Results of thermal analysis were compared with results obtained with other method performed by authors which is solution calorimetric method.
The Effects Of Friction On Stamping Process Of Sheet Metals Used In Aviation
Authors: Dyja K. , Więckowski W. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
An important factor in the possibility of obtaining correct drawn parts with the desired functional properties is the friction between the stamped sheet and the tool.
The article discusses the impact of technological lubricants developed according to our own formulas, based on vegetable oils, on the stamping process taking into account the strain distributions in the drawn parts. Biodegradable lubricants based on rapeseed oil with an addition of stearic acid or boric acid were used. The results of the friction coefficient in a strip drawing test and the numerical analysis results of the stamping process of a spherical cap from sheet metal: aluminium 2024, commercially pure titanium Grade 2, steel 5604 in dry friction and lubrication conditions, are presented. Strain distributions and changes in the drawn part wall thickness were analysed.
Numerical And Experimental Analysis Of The Process Of Aviation Drawpiece Forming Using Rigid And Rubber Punch With Various Properties
Authors: Kut S. , Niedziałek B. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This paper presents the results of the numerical analysis and experimental research of the forming process of aviation drawpiece made from 0.6 mm thick Inconel 625 sheet metal. First phase of testing was conducted using rigid steel tools for drawpiece forming. Results of conducted simulations show that during rigid tool forming, the middle of the drawpiece losses stability. In consequence, rigid tool forming leads to the formation of unacceptable wrinkles on the drawpiece. Subsequent experimental research confirmed wrinkles of the metal drawpiece in this area. It was assumed that in order to eliminate this negative phenomenon, minor changes in technology and tool construction would have to be made. The drawpiece will be shaped by means of a flexible tool, than re-shaped using rigid tools. In the second phase of the research, tooling design changes have been made. They consisted of replacing the steel punch with a specially designed stamp susceptible for deformation. FEM numerical simulations were performed for flexible punch forming made of polyurethane elastomer with different hardness (50, 70, 85 and 90 Sh A). On their basis, the effect on the mechanical characteristics of the elastomeric drawing process and the formation of wrinkles was shown. They can be effectively eliminated by the use of a punch with hardness of 90 Sh A, which has also been confirmed by experimental research. In addition, the paper presents a comparative analysis of the deformations in selected actual drawpiece areas and in the elastomeric punch with hardness 90 Sh A computer model. The actual drawpiece deformation schedule and the values were determined using photogrammetric system Argus v.6.3., while the computer modeled drawpiece was based on FEM calculations performed in the MARC / Mentat system. In conclusion the difficulties as well as the advantages and disadvantages in determining the deformation of sheet metal parts were indicated using photogrammetric system Argus and FEM.