bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of Supine Daoyin in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Li Jiansheng , Zhang Hailong , Wang Jun , Lu Xuechao , Zuo Mingyan , Jiao Li , Lu Xiaofan , Wang Yang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimThis study aimed to develop and evaluate the efficacy and safety of Supine Daoyin, a TCM PR technique, in hospitalized patients with AECOPD.MethodsThis is a multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled trial involving AECOPD inpatients recruited from April 2021 to December 2023 in five tertiary hospitals in China. Participants were randomly assigned to 14 days of Supine Daoyin group or control group and evaluated at days 3, 7, and 14 (posttreatment). The primary outcomes were LOS and CCQ and secondary outcomes were 6MWD, 30‐STS, BI, Borg CR10, time on mechanical ventilation, SGRQ, mCOPD‐PRO, and mESQ‐COPD.ResultsOut of 369 participants screened, 228 were randomly assigned (Supine Daoyin group: n = 114; control group: n = 114). For primary outcomes, there was no significant between‐group difference in LOS (p > 0.05), but for CCQ the Supine Daoyin was superior to control at days 7 (p < 0.01) and 14 (p < 0.01). For secondary outcomes, Supine Daoyin groups showed robust and superior improvements in 6MWD, 30‐STS, BI, Borg CR10, SGRQ, mCOPD‐PRO, and mESQ‐COPD (all p < 0.05), but for time on mechanical ventilation there was no significant difference in two groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionSupine Daoyin, a novel TCM PR technique, demonstrates safety and efficacy for AECOPD inpatients, yielding clinically meaningful improvements in health status, exercise capacity, and quality of life. This study offers a viable PR option for AECOPD patients with severe symptoms and limited mobility.
Adolescence in the life course spotlight
Authors: Crosnoe Robert 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe articles in this special issue were inspired by the late John Schulenberg's long view of adolescence, a perspective that emphasizes the integral role that the teens and twenties play in the life course. Using multiple longitudinal data sources to explore myriad developmental topics, the authors delve into the ways that adolescence connects, disrupts, and stands out from childhood and adulthood as a means of integrating rather than isolating these developmentally dense years. In this commentary, I highlight what this collection of studies does to drive home some basic tenets of the long view of adolescence and point out some other tenets that should garner more attention moving forward. Specifically, I discuss the need to connect multiple periods of life before and after adolescence, voice some caution about not letting the long view of adolescence keep us from continuing our in‐depth exploration of adolescence itself, and encourage more macro‐level conceptualizations of context to go with more common micro‐ and meso‐level connections in order to better interrogate inequality. John's career has taught us a great deal about how to think about adolescent development, and just because he left us too soon does not mean that we will stop learning.
The impact of government support on rural grocery stores—A regression discontinuity approach
Authors: Hammarlund Cecilia , Nordin Martin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe evaluate a place‐based policy aimed at commercial service providers. In 2016, the Swedish government introduced special operating support for grocery stores in remote rural areas to slow down the process of store closures. We estimate the local causal effect in a regression discontinuity design framework using the fact that only stores located at least 15 km away from another store were eligible for the support. The results indicate a 15%–20% increase in store survival rates due to the support. For surviving stores, the effects on employment are negative, possibly due to labor‐saving investments.
Disparities in hepatitis C among people aged 12–59 with no history of injection drug use, United States, January 2013–March 2020
Authors: Ly Kathleen N. , Barker Laurie K. , Kilmer Greta , Shing Jaimie Z. , Jiles Ruth B. , Teshale Eyasu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsIn the United States, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection occurs primarily through injection drug use (IDU), but transmission also occurs through other ways. This study examined HCV prevalence and disparities among US residents aged 12–59 years with no IDU history.MethodsWe analysed 2013‐March 2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data to calculate the HCV prevalence among people with no drug use history and only a non‐IDU history, collectively referred to as no IDU history. These estimates were compared to those with an IDU history and stratified by sociodemographic and hepatitis A and hepatitis B serologic characteristics.ResultsThe current HCV infection prevalence among people aged 12–59 was .7% overall, and specifically 17.2% among people with an IDU history, .9% among people with a non‐IDU history and .2% among people with no drug use history. These rates represented 1.4 million people with current HCV infection, of whom, 730 000 had an IDU history, 262 000 had a non‐IDU history and 309 000 had no drug use history. Among people with no drug use history, current HCV infection prevalence was higher for people born during 1954–1965 versus after 1965, had completed high school or less versus at least some college and had past/present hepatitis B versus vaccinated for hepatitis B.ConclusionWhile the HCV infection burden was highest among people with an IDU history, we found a sizeable burden among people without such a history. These findings support policies and practices aimed at addressing disparities among people needing treatment.
Ratio changes in blood‐feeding and voltinism in black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) over a latitudinal gradient in North America north of Mexico
Authors: McCreadie John W. , Adler Peter H. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe explored how the ratio of blood‐feeding behaviour—nonfeeding, bird feeding (ornithophily) and mammal feeding (mammalophily)—and voltinism (univoltine and multivoltine) vary over a latitudinal gradient from Alaska to Florida. These two fixed species traits were divided into five mutually exclusive combinations of trait states—nonfeeding/univoltine, ornithophilic/univoltine, mammalophilic/univoltine, ornithophilic/multivoltine and mammalophilic/multivoltine—within each of three datasets (north, east and west). We found a significant association between location (north, east and west) and trait state, which was driven by the large percentage of nonfeeding females in the north. When this trait state was removed, no significant differences were found for the remaining trait states and locations. Although the distribution of trait states did not differ between east and west datasets, the distribution with relation to 1° changes in latitude within each of these datasets showed distinct differences. In the east, both ornithophilic/univoltine and mammalophilic/univoltine species significantly increased with latitude, in proportion to the total species present. In contrast, the proportion of mammalophilic/multivoltine species decreased as latitude increased. Ornithophilic/multivoltine species in the east and the trait states in the west did not show any significant relationship to latitude.
Short‐to‐Mid‐Term Outcomes of Ipsilateral Femoral Head Autograft Combined with Uncemented Total Hip Replacement for Partial Periacetabular Defects Following Tumor Resection
Authors: Xie Mengzhang , Ye Qiang , Gong Taojun , Li Zhuangzhuang , Wang Yitian , Lu Minxun , Luo Yi , Min Li , Tu Chongqi , Zhou Yong 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivePeriacetabular tumors, especially in young to middle‐aged patients with invasive benign tumors or low‐grade malignant tumors involving type II or II + III, present significant challenges due to their rarity and the complexity of the anatomical and biomechanical structures involved. The primary difficulty lies in balancing the need to avoid unfavorable oncological outcomes while maintaining postoperative hip joint function during surgical resection. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and reliability of a surgical method involving partial weight‐bearing acetabular preservation combined with the use of an uncontaminated femoral head autograft to reconstruct the segmental bone defect after intra‐articular resection of the tumorous joint, providing a solution that ensures both oncological safety and functional preservation of the hip joint in these patients.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study with a follow‐up period of at least 36 months. From January 2010 to October 2020, we reviewed 20 cases of patients under 60 year of age with periacetabular invasive benign tumors or primary low‐grade malignant tumors. All patients underwent reconstruction of the tumorous joint using autologous femoral head grafts. Data collected included patient age, gender, tumor type, preoperative and postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) scores, Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) scores, Harris Hip Scores (HHS), patient survival rates, postoperative tumor recurrence, and surgical complications. To analyze the data, we utilized various statistical methods, including descriptive statistics to summarize patient demographics and clinical characteristics, and paired sample t‐tests to compare preoperative and postoperative scores.ResultsThe study included 20 patients, and a total median follow‐up was 83 months. Their pathologic diagnoses comprised 13 giant cell tumors (GCTs), 5 chondrosarcomas, one chondroblastoma, and 1 leiomyosarcoma. Postoperatively, the median differences in vertical and horizontal center of rotation (COR) were 3.8 and 4.0 mm. Median limb length discrepancy (LLD) postoperatively was 5.7 mm (range, 2.3–17.8 mm). Two patients (10%) experienced delayed wound healing, resolved with antibiotics and early surgical debridement. One patient experienced dislocation 3 months postoperatively, which was promptly addressed under general anesthesia without further dislocation.ConclusionThrough multiplanar osteotomy with limited margins, femoral head autograft, and uncemented total hip replacement for pelvic segmental bone defects in selected patients in type II or II + III appears to be an encouraging limb‐sparing surgery worthy of consideration for carefully selected patients.
JAZ2 Negatively Regulates Drought Tolerance in Barley by Modulating PLT2 Expression
Authors: Xiong Jiangyan , Huang Binbin , Peng Di , Shen Qiufang , Wu DeZhi , Zhang Guoping 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTDrought is an important abiotic factor constricting crop production globally. Although the roles of JAZ proteins in regulating jasmonic acid signalling and plant responses to environmental stress are well documented, their specific functions and underlying mechanisms remain little known. In this study, JAZ proteins in barley were thoroughly analyzed, revealing a total of 11 members classified into three phylogenetic subgroups. HvJAZ2, based on its distinct expression patterns, is considered a key candidate gene for regulating drought tolerance in barley. Using the HvJAZ2 knockout mutants, we revealed that the gene negatively regulates drought tolerance by inhibiting barley root growth. Notably, the jaz2 mutants upregulated the expression of root development genes, including SHR1, PLT1, PLT2 and PLT6. plt2 and plt1/plt2 mutants exhibited suppressed root development and reduced drought tolerance. Analysis of interactions between HvJAZ2 and other proteins showed that HvJAZ2 does not directly interact with HvPLT1/2/6, but interacts with some other proteins. BIFC and LCA assays further confirmed the nuclear interaction between HvJAZ2 and HvMYC2. Y1H and Dual‐Luciferase experiments demonstrated that HvMYC2 can bind to and activate the HvPLT2 promoter. In summary, HvJAZ2 negatively regulates root development and drought tolerance in barley by suppressing HvPLT2 expression through interacting with HvMYC2.
Inactivation of a Wheat Ribosomal Silencing Factor Gene TaRsfS Confers Resistance to Both Powdery Mildew and Stripe Rust
Authors: Li Ruobing , Tang Yaqi , Wang Qiao , Zhao Bingjie , Su Wenwen , Wang Baotong , Li Qiang 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTPowdery mildew and stripe rust are major diseases on wheat worldwide that cause significant reductions in wheat production. The ribosomal silencing factor (RsfS) has been proven to regulate protein biosynthesis by inhibiting the translation process in bacterial response to stress. However, the role of RsfS in plant resistance to biotic stresses remains unclear. In this study, the RsfS homolog, TaRsfS was isolated from wheat. Overexpression of TaRsfS (TaRsfS‐OE) reduces wheat resistance to powdery mildew and stripe rust and TaRsfS knockout (TaRsfS‐KO) increases wheat resistance to both diseases without affecting key agronomic traits. The interaction protein of TaRsfS, 12‐oxo‐phytodienoic acid reductase 1 (TaOPR1), a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid (JA), was screened and identified. Knocking‐down and overexpression of TaOPR1 indicated that TaOPR1 positively regulates wheat resistance to powdery mildew and stripe rust. TaRsfS may regulate TaOPR1 at upstream, bind to the enzyme activity pocket of TaOPR1 and affect TaOPR1 enzyme activity, resulting in a reduced JA biosynthesis and wheat susceptible to powdery mildew and stripe rust. Collectively, TaRsfS is a susceptibility gene and negatively regulates wheat resistance to powdery mildew and stripe rust, and it has good potential for improving wheat resistance by genetic modifications.
The current state of affairs in infidelity research: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of romantic infidelity prevalence and its moderators
Authors: Warach Benjamin , Bornstein Robert F. , Gorman Bernard S. , Moyer Anne 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this systematic review and meta‐analysis, researchers' operationalizations of romantic infidelity and the techniques that they employed to measure it were surveyed along with the demographic characteristics of their respondent samples. A meta‐analytic synthesis of infidelity prevalence estimates and their moderators is provided. The APA PsycINFO, PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and ERIC databases were searched for peer‐reviewed, English‐language studies reporting infidelity prevalence rates that were published as of September 2022. Weighted aggregate estimates of different forms of infidelity were calculated and the moderating effects of certain methodological variables on these estimates were examined. Study‐level risk of bias was assessed using the Appraisal tool for Cross‐Sectional Studies (AXIS). A total of 305 studies met the inclusion criteria, with an aggregate sample size of 508,241 respondents across 47 countries. Multiple forms of infidelity were identified, with sexual infidelity receiving the most research attention and many studies lacking clear infidelity operationalization. Anonymous data collection and convenience sampling were found to result in greater report of sexual, but not emotional, infidelity. The findings indicate that nonsexual forms of infidelity remain underexplored. Additionally, operational ambiguity and sample demographic homogeneity are widespread in the existing infidelity research literature. Research practices in this field raise concern regarding the effects of impression management, self‐selection, and response biases.
Changing preferences and societal dynamics: Analyzing public attitudes toward preferential discrimination policy in urban India
Authors: Mitra Debashis 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article analyzes public preferences toward affirmative action (reservation policy) designed for disadvantaged social groups in India by examining the co‐relational and causal relationship between the perceived fairness of the reservation policies and the citizens' preferences for reservation policies available in the political sphere, government jobs, and higher education institutions; and how urban India—particularly the metropolitan cities—utilizes better opportunities for socioeconomic mobility. I argue that there are opposing trends in discourse, primarily based on self‐interest or motivation‐based community interest. Examining citizens' preferences by adding more variables to the analysis and testing them with the data (N = 1800) is imperative since self‐motivation or community interest cannot be the sole factor. The findings allow us to represent potential interaction effects based on caste, education level, and place of birth. These are the primary reasons for citizens' choices, and they all have an additive effect rather than being present as an individual factor of analysis.Related ArticlesHarel‐Shalev, Ayelet. 2013. “Policy Analysis beyond Personal Law: Muslim Women's Rights in India.” Politics & Policy 41(3): 384–419. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12016.Harel‐Shalev, Ayelet. 2009. “Lingual and Educational Policy toward ‘Homeland Minorities’ in Deeply Divided Societies: India and Israel as Case Studies.” Politics & Policy 37(5): 951–70. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2009.00206.x/abstract.Pearson‐Merkowitz, Shanna. 2012. “Aqui no hay oportunidades: Latino Segregation and the Keys to Political Participation.” Politics & Policy 40(2): 258–95. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00349.x/abstract.
The impact of democracy on peace in Africa: Empirical evidence
Authors: Iheonu Chimere O. , Okwoche Princewill U. , Agbutun Shedrach A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe nexus between democracy and peace in Africa is examined by applying data to 42 sub‐Saharan African (SSA) countries between 2008 and 2020. The study used panel regression techniques that include Ordinary Least Squares, the Tobit regression to account for the limited range of the dependent variable, and the System Generalized Method of Moments to account for endogeneity bias. Using seven indicators of democracy, which include electoral democracy, liberal democracy, participatory democracy, deliberative democracy, egalitarian democracy, a total democracy index derived from principal component analysis, and the Polity2 score, and using the global peace index as a proxy for peace, our findings show that all the indicators of democracy, irrespective of the model, have a positive and significant influence on peace in SSA. The result has underscored the importance of advancing democratic practices and values to promote sustainable peace and stability in the region.Related ArticlesAntwi‐Boateng, Osman. 2015. “No Spring in Africa: How Sub‐Saharan Africa Has Avoided the Arab Spring Phenomenon.” Politics & Policy 43(5): 754–84. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12129.Asongu, Simplice A., Cheikh T. Ndour, and Judith C. M. Ngoungou. 2024. “The Effects of Gender Political Inclusion and Democracy on Environmental Performance: Evidence from the Method of Moments by Quantile Regression.” Politics & Policy, 52(1), 118–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12576.Ryan, Susannah. 2015. “White Gold and Troubled Waters in Southern Africa: Hydropolitical Policy's Effect on Peace in Lesotho and South Africa.” Politics & Policy 4(2): 239–55. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12114.
Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus infection affects the physiology and biochemistry of leaves and the quality of fruits of Tuscany (Italy) autochthonous apple varieties
Authors: Pedrelli Athos , Nali Cristina , Panattoni Alessandra , Pellegrini Elisa , Cotrozzi Lorenzo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe present study focused on three autochthonous varieties of apple trees belonging to the old Tuscany germplasm (central Italy), Chitignano, Mora and Ruggine, and aimed to (a) evaluate the presence of the four main latent viruses of apple trees (apple chlorotic leaf spot virus [ACLSV], apple mosaic virus [ApMV], apple stem grooving virus [ASGV] and apple stem pitting virus [ASPV]) and (b) elucidate the biochemical and physiological responses of apple leaves and fruits challenged by ACLSV (the only virus detected). Indeed, despite no visible symptoms being reported, more than half of the assayed trees tested positive for ACLSV, although it occurred only in Mora and Ruggine. ACLSV impaired the photosynthetic performance of apple trees, especially in Ruggine leaves, but variety‐specific responses in terms of reorganization of photosynthetic pigment and primary metabolites were reported. Mora showed a higher ability to trigger the de‐epoxidation state of xanthophylls and to accumulate α‐tocopherol, while d‐glucose and sucrose increased only in infected Ruggine leaves, probably as a signalling response and/or an osmotic adjustment of this variety under ACLSV infection. Unexpectedly, ACLSV infection slightly increased pome size, but it dramatically reduced their quality (i.e., soluble solids content), again especially in Ruggine, the only variety where reductions of d‐fructose, d‐glucose and malic acid contents were reported. Overall, the evidence here reported could offer valuable insights to effectively cope with the detrimental viral diseases affecting this species and to protect the production of one of the most consumed and appreciated fruits in the world.
Skeletons, dragons and the ‘climate war’: Geography's colonial legacy and the uneven landscape of environmental knowledge
Authors: Parsons Laurie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAs climate change becomes more central to geographers' thinking, climate geography as a field is developing a greater sense of self‐awareness. Whilst welcome, the historical legacy of geographic engagement with the climate brings both challenges and opportunities. As a discipline whose founding principle was to interrogate the nexus of the environmental – as well as a field with both appetite and aptitude for a radical interdisciplinarity – climate geographers are well positioned to interpret a world in which nature and human activity are increasingly inseparable. Yet what climate geographers bring in particular is a recognition of how the present landscape of knowledge reflects often contentious historical politics. By reflexively engaging with the history of the discipline and connecting this to present gaps in the landscape of environmental knowledge, climate geography as a field offers the opportunity for substantial innovation, not only as a means to interpret climate change, but as a site of action to address it.