bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seizures and risk of epilepsy in autoimmune and other inflammatory encephalitis
Authors: Spatola Marianna , Dalmau Josep 
Published: February 2017

Purpose of review
The aim of this study was to assess the seizure manifestations and risk of epilepsy in encephalitis associated with antibodies against neuronal cell-surface (autoimmune encephalitis) or myelin-associated antigens, and to review several chronic epileptic disorders, including Rasmussen's encephalitis, fever-induced refractory epileptic syndromes (FIRES) and new-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE).

Recent findings
Seizures are a frequent manifestation of autoimmune encephalitis. Some autoimmune encephalitis may associate with characteristic features: faciobrachial dystonic seizures (anti-LGI1 encephalitis), electroencephalogram extreme delta brush (anti-NMDAR) or multifocal FLAIR-MRI abnormalities (anti-GABAAR). In anti-LGI1 encephalitis, cortical, limbic and basal ganglia dysfunction results in different types of seizures. Autoimmune encephalitis or myelin-antibody associated syndromes are often immunotherapy-responsive and appear to have a low risk for chronic epilepsy. In contrast patients with seizures related to GAD65-antibodies (an intracellular antigen) frequently develop epilepsy and have suboptimal response to treatment (including surgery). Rasmussen's encephalitis or FIRES may occur with autoantibodies of unclear significance and rarely respond to immunotherapy. A study of patients with NORSE showed that 30% developed chronic epilepsy.

Summary
Although seizures are frequent in all types of autoimmune encephalitis, the risk for chronic epilepsy is dependent on the antigen: lower if located on the cell-surface, and higher if intracellular. For other disorders (Rasmussen's encephalitis, FIRES, NORSE), the prognosis remains poor.
Sensorimotor control dynamics and cultural biases: learning to move in the right (or left) direction
Authors: Waterman Amanda H. , Giles Oscar T. , Havelka Jelena , Ali Sumaya , Culmer Peter R. , Wilkie Richard M. , Mon-Williams Mark 
Published: February 2017

The nativist hypothesis suggests universal features of human behaviour can be explained by biologically determined cognitive substrates. This nativist account has been challenged recently by evolutionary models showing that the cultural transmission of knowledge can produce behavioural universals. Sensorimotor invariance is a canonical example of a behavioural universal, raising the issue of whether culture can influence not only which skills people acquire but also the development of the sensorimotor system. We tested this hypothesis by exploring whether culture influences the developing sensorimotor system in children. We took kinematic measures of motor control asymmetries in adults and children from differing cultures where writing follows opposite directions. British and Kuwaiti adults (
n
= 69) and first grade (5–6 year old) children (
n
= 140) completed novel rightward and leftward tracing tasks. The Kuwaitis were better when moving their arm leftward while the British showed the opposite bias. Bayesian analysis techniques showed that while children were worse than adults, they also showed asymmetries—with the asymmetry magnitude related to accuracy levels. Our findings support the idea that culture influences the sensorimotor system.
Anoxia-Induced VEGF-Release from Rat Cardiomyocites Promotes Vascular Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Gutierrez-Lanza R. , Campa V.M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundAlbeit several studies show that cellular therapy with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-hMSCs) improves cardiac function after myocardial infarction (MI), the underlying mechanism is subject of controversy. Here we hypothesized that soluble factors, including VEGF, secreted by cardiomyocytes and BM-hMSCs under a low oxygen environment promote vascular differentiation of BM-hMSCs.MethodsHuman BM-MSCs were isolated and expandedin vitroby the same procedure we employed to prepare cells suitable for cardiac cell therapy. BM-hMSCs were characterized by flow cytometry and functional analysis. Vascular differentiation was induced by VEGF or by conditioned media from neonate rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRVCs) cultured in anoxia and confirmed by immunostaining, tube formation over matrigel and cell migration across transwells. Presence of VEGF in conditioned media was determined by ELISA and activation of VEGF signaling by Western blot.ResultsBM-hMSCs used in this study met the criteria recommended by International Society for Cellular Therapy for defining mesenchymal stromal cells. Von Willebrand factor (vWF) expression and tube formation in matrigel indicate that these cells had the capacity to differentiate into the endothelial lineage, which was further enhanced by VEGF and conditioned media from NRVCs cultured in anoxia. Furthermore, condition media and VEGF stimulated cell migration across transwells, which demonstrates the migratory capacity of BM-hMSCs. Finally, when VEGF signaling was blocked by neutralizing anti-VEGF, vascular differentiation of BM-hMSCs was reduced to basal levels.ConclusionsSoluble VEGF released in the culture media after exposure to low oxygen conditions is responsible for endothelial differentiation of BM-hMSCs.
Innovation assurance using BACUP and Jobs Theory
Authors: Fulbright Ron 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
Companies and organizations use various innovation governance structures, processes and metrics to make decisions about allocation of resources to the development of an innovative idea. Although many metrics measuring the process of innovation and the performance of the enterprise have been developed, a fundamentally solid and complete metric speaking to the quality and viability of the innovative idea itself is lacking. The business, applied innovation, creativity, unmet user needs and problem-solving (BACUP) model of innovation quality is proposed as such a metric based on viewing innovation from the five different viewpoints mentioned in its definition. BACUP is shown to facilitate discussion and analysis in innovation theory and is proposed as a tool allowing any innovation governance structure to achieve innovation assurance by mitigating risk and uncertainty and maximizing an innovation’s chance for success.

Design/methodology/approach
The BACUP framework was inspired by researching definitions of innovation and coming upon a survey in which different definitions were obtained from several different roles in companies and organizations. To use BACUP as a metric, the author and research assistants made qualitative judgments about innovations. Several judgments were obtained independently and consensus was plotted on the BACUP graphs.

Findings
BACUP can be used to illustrate and discuss major concepts in innovation theory. BACUP can be used to compare the relative viability of different innovative ideas. BACUP can be used to detect vulnerabilities in innovative ideas and provide information to innovation management and governance so that corrective measures can be taken. BACUP can be extended by other researchers and practitioners.

Research limitations/implications
In its current form, BACUP is not a quantitative tool; however, the authors envision other researchers applying existing quantitative tools and incorporating them into the BACUP framework.

Practical implications
BACUP is an innovative idea quality metric employable in any existing innovation management/governance structure or methodology. BACUP also gives practitioners a way to engineer innovative ideas into successful innovations.

Social implications
BACUP can lead to predictable and repeatable improved innovation outcomes, resulting in superior solutions to problems in all domains.

Originality/value
The BACUP framework is a novel, multi-dimensional view of innovation. Application of BACUP as a metric yields a new type of capability for innovation governance called innovation assurance.
Optimal CBM policy with two sampling intervals
Authors: Naderkhani Farnoosh , Jafari Leila , Makis Viliam 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel condition-based maintenance (CBM) policy with two sampling intervals for a system subject to stochastic deterioration described by the Cox’s proportional hazards model (PHM).

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, the new or renewed system is monitored using a longer sampling interval. When the estimated hazard function of the system exceeds a warning limit, the observations are taken more frequently, i.e., the sampling interval changes to a shorter one. Preventive maintenance is performed when either the hazard function exceeds a maintenance threshold or the system age exceeds a pre-determined age. A more expensive corrective maintenance is performed upon system failure. The proposed model is formulated in the semi-Markov decision process (SMDP) framework.

Findings
The optimal maintenance policy is found and a computational algorithm based on policy iteration for SMDP is developed to obtain the control thresholds as well as the sampling intervals minimizing the long-run expected average cost per unit time.

Research limitations/implications
A numerical example is presented to illustrate the whole procedure. The newly proposed maintenance policy with two sampling intervals outperforms previously developed maintenance policies using PHM. The paper compares the proposed model with a single sampling interval CBM model and well-known age-based model. Formulas for the conditional reliability function and the mean residual life are also derived for the proposed model. Sensitivity analysis has been performed to study the effect of the changes in the Weibull parameters on the average cost.

Practical implications
The results show that considerable cost savings can be obtained by implementing the maintenance policy developed in this paper.

Originality/value
Unlike the previous CBM policies widely discussed in the literature which use sequential or periodic monitoring, the authors propose a new sampling strategy based on two sampling intervals. From the economic point of view, when the sampling is costly, it is advantageous to monitor the system less frequently when it is in a healthy state and more frequently when it deteriorates and enters the unhealthy state.
An exploratory analysis of quality costing in Greek F&B enterprises
Authors: Chatzipetrou Evrikleia , Moschidis Odysseas 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
Given the fact that the Greek food and beverage (F&B) sector, along with the tourism sector, is the basis of Greek economy, the purpose of this paper is to depict the extent to which Greek F&B enterprises have embraced quality costing, as a means toward economic development and quality assurance. Since no previous research has taken place in this area, the paper aims to analyze whether the quality costing approach has been adopted, in order to achieve quality improvement and a reduction of production costs.

Design/methodology/approach
As the variables in this research are mostly nominal, and no similar work has been previously conducted in Greece, an exploratory approach is adopted, specifically multiple correspondence analysis. This approach enables the researcher not only to analyze the phenomenon in a more holistic way, but also to highlight potential issues and questions that have not been previously identified.

Findings
The research concludes that Greek F&B enterprises have not yet accepted the assumption that quality costing leads to a reduction of production costs and to quality improvement. Furthermore, a second analysis highlights that “turnover” and “ISO-HACCP systems” are the most dominant demographic variables, which have a direct relationship to prevention and internal failure costs.

Originality/value
Since the Greek F&B industry constitutes the larger “employer” of domestic manufacturing, this research sheds light on the role that quality costing plays in the development and success of the Greek F&B sector, by exploring the approach that has been adopted by F&B enterprises, as well as the economic outcome of this process.
Mowing exacerbates the loss of ecosystem stability under nitrogen enrichment in a temperate grassland
Authors: Zhang Yunhai , Loreau Michel , He Nianpeng , Zhang Guangming , Han Xingguo 
Published: February 2017

Summary

Global reactive nitrogen (N) is projected to further increase in the coming years. Previous studies have demonstrated that N enrichment weakens the temporal stability of the ecosystem and the primary productivity through decreased biodiversity and species asynchrony. Mowing is a globally common practise in grasslands; and infrequent mowing can maintain or increase plant diversity under N enrichment conditions. However, it is unclear how infrequent mowing affects ecosystem stability in the face of N enrichment.

By independently manipulating the frequency (twice vs. monthly additions per year) and rate (i.e. 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 50 g N m−2 year−1) of NH4NO3 inputs and mowing (unmown vs. mown) over 3 years (2011–2013) in a temperate grassland of northern China, we aimed to examine the interactive effects of N enrichment and mowing on ecosystem stability.

The results show that mowing maintained a positive relationship between species richness and ecosystem stability despite N addition, but that it exacerbated the negative effects of N addition on ecosystem stability. Mowing increased mean primary productivity and plant species richness, but it also increased the synchrony of population fluctuations and the variability of primary productivity under N enrichment, thereby contributing to a decline in the ecosystem stability.

Thus, our study reveals that infrequent mowing can buffer the negative effects of N enrichment on biodiversity to some extent and further increase the primary productivity, but it exacerbates the loss of ecosystem stability with N enrichment, thereby threatening local and/or semiarid regional food security.
Treatment integrity of elaborated semantic feature analysis aphasia therapy delivered in individual and group settings
Authors: Kladouchou Vasiliki , Papathanasiou Ilias , Efstratiadou Eva A. , Christaki Vasiliki , Hilari Katerina 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackground & AimsThis study ran within the framework of the Thales Aphasia Project that investigated the efficacy of elaborated semantic feature analysis (ESFA). We evaluated the treatment integrity (TI) of ESFA, i.e., the degree to which therapists implemented treatment as intended by the treatment protocol, in two different formats: individual and group therapy.Methods & ProceduresBased on the ESFA manual, observation of therapy videos and TI literature, we developed two ESFA integrity checklists, for individual and group therapy, and used them to rate 15 videos of therapy sessions, delivered by three speech–language therapists (SLTs). Thirteen people with aphasia (PwA) were involved in this study. Reliability of the checklists was checked using Kappa statistics. Each session's TI was calculated. Differences in TI scores between the two therapy approaches were calculated using independent sample t‐tests. Treating SLTs’ views on what facilitates TI were also explored through a survey.Outcomes & ResultsInter‐ and intra‐rater reliability were excellent (.75 ≤ κ ≤ 1.00) for all but one video (κ = .63). Overall, a high TI level (91.4%) was achieved. Although both approaches’ TI was high, TI for individual therapy sessions was significantly higher than for group sessions (94.6% and 86.7% respectively), t(13) = 2.68, p = .019. SLTs found training, use of the treatment manual, supervision and peer support useful in implementing ESFA therapy accurately.Conclusions & ImplicationsESFA therapy as delivered in Thales is well described and therapists can implement it as intended. The high TI scores found enhance the internal validity of the main research project and facilitate its replication. The need for more emphasis on the methodological quality of TI studies is discussed.
Manifestations and Medicolegal Significance of Loeys–Dietz Syndrome
Authors: Byard Roger W. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractLoeys–Dietz syndrome is a recently described autosomal dominant disorder with underlying vasculopathy characterized by aortic and other vascular aneurysmal dissection/rupture. A 61‐year‐old man is reported who died suddenly and unexpectedly and at autopsy was found to have a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. Additional findings included dolichostenomelia, high‐arched palate, and pectus excavatum. There was a strong family history of Loeys–Dietz syndrome, although the decedent had never been tested. Death was, therefore, due to a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm in a case of probable Loeys–Dietz syndrome. Although Loeys–Dietz syndrome shares common characteristics with Marfan and other connective tissue syndromes, it is a distinct entity with a much more aggressive clinical course. Lethal events may not occur until later adult life; however, the identification of the syndrome and differentiation from other connective tissue disorders at autopsy is important so that genetic investigation of close relatives can be undertaken with prophylactic surgical treatment if necessary.
1H‐NMR with Multivariate Analysis for Automobile Lubricant Comparison
Authors: Kim Siwon , Yoon Dahye , Lee Dong‐Kye , Yoon Changshin , Kim Suhkmann 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIdentification of suspected automobile‐related lubricants could provide valuable information in forensic cases. We examined that automobile lubricants might exhibit the chemometric characteristics to their individual usages. To compare the degree of clustering in the plots, we co‐plotted general industrial oils that were highly dissimilar with automobile lubricants in additive compositions. 1H‐NMR spectroscopy was used with multivariate statistics as a tool for grouping, clustering, and identification of automobile lubricants in laboratory conditions. We analyzed automobile lubricants including automobile engine oils, automobile transmission oils, automobile gear oils, and motorcycle oils. In contrast to the general industrial oils, automobile lubricants showed relatively high tendencies of clustering to their usages. Our pilot study demonstrated that the comparison of known and questioned samples to their usages might be possible in forensic fields.
Household vulnerability to food price increases: the 2008 crisis in urban Southern Africa
Authors: McCordic Cameron , Frayne Bruce 
Published: February 2017

AbstractVolatile food prices represent a common hazard to the food security of poor urban households. In trying to understand the impact of this hazard, income poverty is widely accepted as the principal predictive variable. But could other variables be important in understanding household vulnerability to food price shocks? This analysis uses survey data collected from 11 cities in Southern Africa by the African Food Security Urban Network during the 2008 food price crisis. As expected, the data show that household income is a significant predictor of the negative impact of rising food prices on household food security. However, other variables are significant predictors of household vulnerability to food insecurity as a result of food price increases. The analysis demonstrated how these diverse variables facilitated our classification of different households according to food price shocks using a CHAID decision tree. Demonstrating that household income is not the only significant predictor of household vulnerability to food price volatility, these findings broaden our understanding of the complex factors that can predispose households to food insecurity in the context of rising food prices.
Identifying conserved genomic elements and designing universal bait sets to enrich them
Authors: Faircloth Brant C. 
Published: February 2017

Summary

Targeted enrichment of conserved genomic regions is a popular method for collecting large amounts of sequence data from non‐model taxa for phylogenetic, phylogeographic and population genetic studies. For example, two available bait sets each allow enrichment of thousands of orthologous loci from >20 000 species (Faircloth et al. Systematic Biology, 61, 717–726, 2012; Molecular Ecology Resources, 15, 489–501, 2015). Unfortunately, few open‐source workflows are available to identify conserved genomic elements shared among divergent taxa and to design enrichment baits targeting these regions. Those that do exist require extensive bioinformatics expertise and significant amounts of time to use. These shortcomings limit the application of targeted enrichment methods to additional organismal groups.

Here, I describe a universal workflow for identifying conserved genomic regions in available genomic data and for designing targeted enrichment baits to collect data from these conserved regions. These methods require less expertise, less time and better use commonly available information to identify conserved loci and design baits to capture them.

I apply this computational approach to the understudied arthropod groups Arachnida, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera or Lepidoptera to identify thousands of conserved loci in each group and design target enrichment baits to capture these loci. I then use in silico analyses to demonstrate that targeted enrichment of the conserved loci can be used to reconstruct the accepted relationships among genome sequences from the focal arthropod orders.

The software workflow I created allowed me to identify thousands of conserved loci in five diverse arthropod groups and design sequence capture baits to target them. This suite of capture bait designs should enable collection of phylogenomic data from >900 000 arthropod species. Although the examples in this manuscript focus on understudied arthropod groups, the approach I describe is applicable to all organismal groups having some form of pre‐existing genomic information (e.g. other invertebrates, plants, fungi and microbes). Finally, the documentation, design steps, software code and bait sets developed here are available under an open‐source license for restriction‐free testing, use, and additional modification by any research group.
Racial Resentment, Hurricane Sandy, and the Spillover of Racial Attitudes into Evaluations of Government Organizations
Authors: Sheagley Geoffrey , Chen Philip , Farhart Christina 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis study explores the relationship between individuals’ racial attitudes, exposure to information cuing them to think about President Obama, and evaluations of the government's response to Hurricane Sandy. Using a split ballot experiment embedded in a large internet panel fielded during the 2012 presidential election, we show that respondents’ evaluations of President Obama's response to Hurricane Sandy were based on their racial attitudes. We next examined the possibility for racial attitudes to “spill over” into how people evaluate governmental institutions and organizations associated with President Obama. We found evidence that respondents who were cued to think about President Obama and were impacted by Hurricane Sandy were more likely to base their evaluations of the Federal Emergency Management Agency's response to the disaster on their racial attitudes. In short, linking President Obama to Hurricane Sandy led people to ground their evaluations of an organization tasked with coordinating the response to Hurricane Sandy in their racial attitudes. Our research suggests that racial attitudes are important predictors of how individuals perceive President Obama's effectiveness as well as the efficacy of related government organizations.