bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Domain wall pinning in FeCoCu bamboo-like nanowires
Authors: Berganza Eider , Bran Cristina , Jaafar Miriam , Vázquez Manuel , Asenjo Agustina 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe three dimensional nature of cylindrical magnetic nanowires has opened a new way to control the domain configuration as well as the magnetization reversal process. The pinning effect of the periodic diameter modulations on the domain wall propagation in FeCoCu individual nanowires is determined by Magnetic Force Microscopy, MFM. A main bistable magnetic configuration is firstly concluded from MFM images characterized by the spin reversal between two nearly single domain states with opposite axial magnetization. Complementary micromagnetic simulations confirm a vortex mediated magnetization reversal process. A non-standard variable field MFM imaging procedure allows us to observe metastable magnetic states where the propagating domain wall is pinned at certain positions with enlarged diameter. Moreover, it is demonstrated that it is possible to control the position of the pinned domain walls by an external magnetic field.
Coarsening behaviour of M23C6 carbides in creep-resistant steel exposed to high temperatures
Authors: Godec M. , Skobir Balantič D. A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHigh operating temperatures can have very deleterious effects on the long-term performance of high-Cr, creep-resistant steels used, for example, in the structural components of power plants. For the popular creep-resistant steel X20CrMoV12.1 we analysed the processes of carbide growth using a variety of analytical techniques: transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and diffraction (TED), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The evolution of the microstructure after different aging times was the basis for a much better understanding of the boundary-migration processes and the growth of the carbides. We present an explanation as to why some locations are preferential for this growth and using EBSD we were able to define the proper orientational relationship between the carbides and the matrix.
One-Dimensional ZnO/Gold Junction for Simultaneous and Versatile Multisensing Measurements
Authors: Miccoli Beatrice , Cauda Valentina , Bonanno Alberto , Sanginario Alessandro , Bejtka Katarzyna , Bella Federico , Fontana Marco , Demarchi Danilo 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe sensing capabilities of zinc oxide nano/micro-structures have been widely investigated and these structures are frequently used in the fabrication of cutting-edge sensors. However, to date, little attention has been paid to the multi-sensing abilities of this material. In this work, we present an efficient multisensor based on a single zinc oxide microwire/gold junction. The device is able to detect in real time three different stimuli, UV-VIS light, temperature and pH variations. This is thanks to three properties of zinc oxide its photoconductive response, pyroelectricity and surface functionalization with amino-propyl groups, respectively. The three stimuli can be detected either simultaneously or in a sequence/random order. A specific mathematical tool was also developed, together with a design of experiments (DoE), to predict the performances of the sensor. Our micro-device allows reliable and versatile real-time measurements of UV-VIS light, temperature and pH variations. Therefore, it shows great potential for use in the field of sensing for living cell cultures.
Genetic Association of PTPN22 Polymorphisms with Autoimmune Hepatitis and Primary Biliary Cholangitis in Japan
Authors: Umemura Takeji , Joshita Satoru , Yamazaki Tomoo , Komatsu Michiharu , Katsuyama Yoshihiko , Yoshizawa Kaname , Tanaka Eiji , Ota Masao 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAutoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) are liver-specific autoimmune conditions that are characterized by chronic hepatic damage and often lead to cirrhosis and hepatic failure. Specifically, the protein tyrosine phosphatase N22 (PTPN22) gene encodes the lymphoid protein tyrosine phosphatase, which acts as a negative regulator of T-cell receptor signaling. A missense single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs2476601) in PTPN22 has been linked to numerous autoimmune diseases in Caucasians. In the present series, nine SNPs in the PTPN22 gene were analyzed in 166 patients with AIH, 262 patients with PBC, and 322 healthy controls in the Japanese population using TaqMan assays. Although the functional rs3996649 and rs2476601 were non-polymorphic in all subject groups, the frequencies of the minor alleles at rs1217412, rs1217388, rs1217407, and rs2488458 were significantly decreased in AIH patients as compared with controls (all Pc < 0.05). There were no significant relationships with PTPN22 SNPs in PBC patients. Interestingly, the AAGTCCC haplotype was significantly associated with resistance to both AIH (odds ratio [OR] = 0.58, P = 0.0067) and PBC (OR = 0.58, P = 0.0048). SNPs in the PTPN22 gene may therefore play key roles in the genetic resistance to autoimmune liver disease in the Japanese.
Sub-wavelength Unidirectional Antenna Realized by Stacked Spoof Localized Surface Plasmon Resonators
Authors: Qin Feifei , Zhang Qiang , Xiao Jun-Jun 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe use of resonant structures to control scattering strength and directionality is of importance in various electromagnetic systems. Here we propose and demonstrate sub-wavelength unidirectional scattering by two nearby spoof localized surface plasmon resonators for microwave. The principle is that metal surfaces corrugated by grooves can support magnetic dipolar modes, as well as electric dipolar modes. The resonance is essentially dictated by the geometric parameter of the structure, enabling extremely high degrees of freedom for tuning the scattering properties of the resonator. Particularly, by adjusting the thickness of the resonators, we can make the magnetic dipole mode of one resonator have nearly the same resonant frequency with that of the electric dipole mode of the other resonator. We show that nearly zero backscattering happens when the distance between the two resonators is subwavelenght but larger than a certain value, otherwise strong vertical coupling and mode splitting occur. The results can be extended to other frequency bands and might find application in unique resonant devices as a radio frequency (RF) antenna, filter and metasurface.
Globin X is a six-coordinate globin that reduces nitrite to nitric oxide in fish red blood cells
Authors: Corti Paola , Xue Jianmin , Tejero Jesús , Wajih Nadeem , Sun Ming , Stolz Donna B. , Tsang Michael , Kim-Shapiro Daniel B. , Gladwin Mark T. 
Published: July 2016

Significance
Hemoglobin is generally assumed to be the only globin in vertebrate RBCs. In addition to its foremost role as an oxygen carrier, mammalian hemoglobin can also operate as a nitrite reductase, producing the signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO) from nitrite. Over the last 15 yr, several novel globins have been identified with six-coordinate heme geometry and uncertain physiological functions. Here we report that a six-coordinate globin of ancient origin, named Globin X, is present in fish RBCs. We establish that Globin X is a fast nitrite reductase, and this activity can regulate NO production from fish RBCs and modulate platelet activation. Thus we provide evidence that the ancestral globins in blood were efficient nitrite reductases.
COP1 is required for UV-B–induced nuclear accumulation of the UVR8 photoreceptor
Authors: Yin Ruohe , Skvortsova Mariya Y. , Loubéry Sylvain , Ulm Roman 
Published: July 2016

Significance
Plant tissues are resistant to the potentially damaging UV-B radiation intrinsic to sunlight. UV-B photoreception by a UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) photoreceptor regulates gene expression in plants associated with UV-B acclimation and stress tolerance and with morphological changes. Mechanistically, UV-B photon reception by specific tryptophan residues of UVR8 homodimers results in monomerization and enhanced nuclear accumulation of UVR8. Active UVR8 monomers interact with the key signaling protein CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1). This UV-B–dependent interaction is a crucial step in signal propagation, but the link between this mechanism and UVR8 nuclear accumulation and gene expression remains ill defined. Our results emphasize the importance of nuclear-localized UVR8 and highlight a previously unknown activity of COP1 in mediating UVR8 nuclear accumulation in response to UV-B.
A non-radioactive assay for selenophosphate synthetase activity using recombinant pyruvate pyrophosphate dikinase from Thermus thermophilus HB8
Authors: Kamada Saho , Okugochi Takahiro , Asano Kaori , Tobe Ryuta , Mihara Hisaaki , Nemoto Michiko , Inagaki Kenji , Tamura Takashi 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Biosynthesis of selenocysteine-containing proteins requires monoselenophosphate, a selenium-donor intermediate generated by selenophosphate synthetase (Sephs). A non-radioactive assay was developed as an alternative to the standard [8-14C] AMP-quantifying assay. The product, AMP, was measured using a recombinant pyruvate pyrophosphate dikinase from Thermus thermophilus HB8. The KM and kcat for Sephs2-Sec60Cys were determined to be 26 μM and 0.352 min−1, respectively.
Expression of PR-protein genes and induction of defense-related enzymes by Bacillus subtilis CBR05 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants challenged with Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora
Authors: Chandrasekaran Murugesan , Chun Se Chul 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The present study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a biocontrol agent Bacillus subtilis CBR05 for control of soft rot disease (Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora) in tomato, and the possible mechanisms of its resistance induction have been investigated under pot conditions. Results showed that plants inoculated with B. subtilis CBR05 had lower disease incidence (36%). A significant increase in superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase activities was observed in plants inoculated with B. subtilis between 48 and 72 hpi. Also, the transcript profiles of Glu and Phenyl ammonia lyase (PAL) showed a significant up-regulation following inoculation. The most significant up-regulation was observed in transcript profile of PAL that showed 0.49 Fold Expression, at 72 hpi as compared to its expression at 12 hpi. These results suggest that systemic induction of defense-related genes expression and antioxidant enzyme activity by B. subtilis could play a pivotal role in disease resistance against soft rot disease.
Serum pharmacokinetics of choline, trimethylamine, and trimethylamine-N-oxide after oral gavage of phosphatidylcholines with different fatty acid compositions in mice
Authors: Gao Xiang , Jiang Chengzi , Xu Jie , Yanagita Teruyoshi , Xue Changhu , Wang Yuming 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Little is known about the pharmacokinetics of phosphatidylcholine (PC)-derived choline, trimethylamine (TMA), and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). We therefore aim to investigate serum choline, TMA, and TMAO pharmacokinetics following different PCs gavage and compare the difference between PC emulsions and liposomes (SOL). Serum choline, TMA, and TMAO levels were measured after orally gavaged egg yolk PC emulsion (EGE), squid PC emulsion (SQE), soybean PC emulsion (SOE), and SOL in fasted mice. Time to reach peak concentration (Tmax) and productions for TMA and TMAO were more slow and less in SQE group compared with EGE and SOE groups. Tmax for choline, TMA, and TMAO prolonged, and the productions of them were significantly declined in SOL group compared to SOE group. These findings indicated that marine source squid PC could counter-regulate the potential risks of TMAO generation, and the use of liposome as the form of PC supplementary may eliminate TMAO production.
Survey of period variations of superhumps in SU UMa-type dwarf novae. VIII. The eighth year (2015–2016)
Authors: Kato Taichi , Hambsch Franz-Josef , Monard Berto , Vanmunster Tonny , Maeda Yutaka , Miller Ian , Itoh Hiroshi , Kiyota Seiichiro , Isogai Keisuke , Kimura Mariko , Imada Akira , Tordai Tamás , Akazawa Hidehiko , Tanabe Kenji , Otani Noritoshi , Ogi Minako , Ando Kazuko , Takigawa Naoki , Dubovsky Pavol A. , Kudzej Igor , Shugarov Sergey Yu. , Katysheva Natalia , Golysheva Polina , Gladilina Natalia , Chochol Drahomir , Starr Peter , Kasai Kiyoshi , Pickard Roger D. , Miguel Enrique de , Kojiguchi Naoto , Sugiura Yuki , Fukushima Daiki , Yamada Eiji , Uto Yusuke , Kamibetsunawa Taku , Tatsumi Taiki , Takeda Nao , Matsumoto Katsura , Cook Lewis M. , Pavlenko Elena P. , Babina Julia V. , Pit Nikolaj V. , Antonyuk Oksana I. , Antonyuk Kirill A. , Sosnovskij Aleksei A. , Baklanov Aleksei V. , Kafka Stella , Stein William , Voloshina Irina B. , Ruiz Javier , Sabo Richard , Dvorak Shawn , Stone Geoff , Andreev Maksim V. , Antipin Sergey V. , Zubareva Alexandra M. , Zaostrojnykh Anna M. , Richmond Michael , Shears Jeremy , Dubois Franky , Logie Ludwig , Rau Steve , Vanaverbeke Siegfried , Simon Andrei , Oksanen Arto , Goff William N. , Bolt Greg , Dębski Bartłomiej , Kochanek Christopher S. , Shappee Benjamin , Stanek Krzysztof Z. , Prieto José L. , Stubbings Rod , Muyllaert Eddy , Hiraga Mitsutaka , Horie Tsuneo , Schmeer Patrick , Hirosawa Kenji 
Published: July 2016

AbstractContinuing the project described by Kato et al. (2009, PASJ, 61, S395), we collected times of superhump maxima for 128 SU UMa-type dwarf novae observed mainly during the 2015–2016 season and characterized these objects. The data have improved the distribution of orbital periods, the relation between the orbital period and the variation of superhumps, and the relation between period variations and the rebrightening type in WZ Sge-type objects. Coupled with new measurements of mass ratios using growing stages of superhumps, we now have a clearer and statistically greatly improved evolutionary path near the terminal stage of evolution of cataclysmic variables. Three objects (V452 Cas, KK Tel, and ASASSN-15cl) appear to have slowly growing superhumps, which is proposed to reflect the slow growth of the 3 : 1 resonance near the stability border. ASASSN-15sl, ASASSN-15ux, SDSS J074859.55+312512.6, and CRTS J200331.3−284941 are newly identified eclipsing SU UMa-type (or WZ Sge-type) dwarf novae. ASASSN-15cy has a short (∼0.050 d) superhump period and appears to belong to EI Psc-type objects with compact secondaries having an evolved core. ASASSN-15gn, ASASSN-15hn, ASASSN-15kh, and ASASSN-16bu are candidate period bouncers with superhump periods longer than 0.06 d. We have newly obtained superhump periods for 79 objects and 13 orbital periods, including periods from early superhumps. In order that future observations will be more astrophysically beneficial and rewarding to observers, we propose guidelines on how to organize observations of various superoutbursts.
Whole genome view of the consequences of a population bottleneck using 2926 genome sequences from Finland and United Kingdom
Authors: Chheda Himanshu , Palta Priit , Pirinen Matti , McCarthy Shane , Walter Klaudia , Koskinen Seppo , Salomaa Veikko , Daly Mark , Durbin Richard , Palotie Aarno , Aittokallio Tero , Ripatti Samuli ,   Sequencing Initiative Suomi (SISu) Project
Published: July 2016

AbstractIsolated populations with enrichment of variants due to recent population bottlenecks provide a powerful resource for identifying disease-associated genetic variants and genes. As a model of an isolate population, we sequenced the genomes of 1463 Finnish individuals as part of the Sequencing Initiative Suomi (SISu) Project. We compared the genomic profiles of the 1463 Finns to a sample of 1463 British individuals that were sequenced in parallel as part of the UK10K Project. Whereas there were no major differences in the allele frequency of common variants, a significant depletion of variants in the rare frequency spectrum was observed in Finns when comparing the two populations. On the other hand, we observed >2.1 million variants that were twice as frequent among Finns compared to Britons and 800,000 variants that were more than 10 times more frequent in Finns. Furthermore, in Finns we observed a relative proportional enrichment of variants in the minor allele frequency range between 2 - 5% (p < 2.2×10−16). When stratified by their functional annotations, loss-of-function (LoF) variants showed the highest proportional enrichment in Finns (p = 0.0291). In the noncoding part of the genome, variants in conserved regions (p = 0.002) and promoters (p = 0.01) were also significantly enriched in the Finnish samples. These functional categories represent the highesta prioripower for downstream association studies of rare variants using population isolates.
discoal: flexible coalescent simulations with selection
Authors: Kern Andrew D. , Schrider Daniel R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSummaryHere we describediscoal, a coalescent simulator able to generate population samples that include selective sweeps in a feature-rich, flexible manner.discoalcan perform simulations conditioning on the fixation of an allele due to drift or either hard or soft selective sweeps—even those occurring a large genetic distance away from the simulated locus.discoalcan simulate sweeps with recurrent mutation to the adaptive allele, recombination, and gene conversion, under nonequilibrium demographic histories and without specifying an allele frequency trajectory in advance.Availability and ImplementationAvailability and implementation: discoal is implemented in the C programming language. Source code is freely available on GitHub (https://github.com/kernlab/discoal_multipop) under a GNU General Public License.Contactkern@dls.rutgers.eduSupplementary informationSupplementary Figures and Text are appended below
Parallel Evolution of Cold Tolerance WithinDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Pool John E. , Braun Dylan T. , Lack Justin B. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTDrosophila melanogasteroriginated in tropical Africa before expanding into strikingly different temperate climates in Eurasia and beyond. Here, we show that elevated cold tolerance has arisen at least three times within this species: beyond the well-studied non-African case, we show that populations from the highlands of Ethiopia and South Africa have significantly increased cold tolerance as well. We observe greater cold tolerance in outbred versus inbred flies, but only in populations with higher inversion frequencies. Each cold-adapted population shows lower inversion frequencies than a closely-related warm-adapted population, suggesting that inversion frequencies may decrease with altitude in addition to latitude. Using theFST-based “Population Branch Excess” statistic (PBE), we found only limited evidence for parallel genetic differentiation at the scale of ~4 kb windows, specifically between Ethiopian and South African cold-adapted populations. And yet, when we looked for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with codirectional frequency change in two or three cold-adapted populations, strong genomic enrichments were observed from all comparisons. These findings could reflect an important role for selection on standing genetic variation leading to “soft sweeps”. One SNP showed sufficient codirectional frequency change in all cold-adapted populations to achieve experiment-wide significance: an intronic variant in the synaptic geneProsap. More generally, proteins involved in neurotransmission were enriched as potential targets of parallel adaptation. The ability to study cold tolerance evolution in a parallel framework will enhance this classic study system for climate adaptation.
Crystallization and X-ray diffraction analysis of anL-arabinonate dehydratase fromRhizobium leguminosarumbv.trifoliiand aD-xylonate dehydratase fromCaulobacter crescentus
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Mubinur , Andberg Martina , Koivula Anu , Rouvinen Juha , Hakulinen Nina 
Published: July 2016

L-Arabinonate dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.25) and D-xylonate dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.82) are two enzymes that are involved in a nonphosphorylative oxidation pathway of pentose sugars. L-Arabinonate dehydratase converts L-arabinonate into 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate, and D-xylonate dehydratase catalyzes the dehydration of D-xylonate to 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-xylonate. L-Arabinonate and D-xylonate dehydratases belong to the IlvD/EDD family, together with 6-phosphogluconate dehydratases and dihydroxyacid dehydratases. No crystal structure of any L-arabinonate or D-xylonate dehydratase is available in the PDB. In this study, recombinant L-arabinonate dehydratase fromRhizobium leguminosarumbv.trifolii(RlArDHT) and D-xylonate dehydratase fromCaulobacter crescentus(CcXyDHT) were heterologously expressed inEscherichia coliand purified by the use of affinity chromatography followed by gel-filtration chromatography. The purified proteins were crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method at 293 K. Crystals ofRlArDHT that diffracted to 2.40 Å resolution were obtained using sodium formate as a precipitating agent. They belonged to space groupP21, with unit-cell parametersa = 106.07,b= 208.61,c= 147.09 Å, β = 90.43°. EightRlArDHT molecules (two tetramers) in the asymmetric unit give aVMvalue of 3.2 Å3 Da−1and a solvent content of 62%. Crystals ofCcXyDHT that diffracted to 2.66 Å resolution were obtained using sodium formate and polyethylene glycol 3350. They belonged to space groupC2, with unit-cell parametersa= 270.42,b= 236.13,c = 65.17 Å, β = 97.38°. FourCcXyDHT molecules (a tetramer) in the asymmetric unit give aVMvalue of 4.0 Å3 Da−1and a solvent content of 69%.
Unlearning cynicism
Authors: Schraeder Mike , Jordan Mark H. , Self Dennis R. , Hoover David J. 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
“Unlearning” is discussed as an additional perspective or supplemental strategy for managers/leaders to consider when addressing cynicism in organizations. The article is not intended to be definitive. The aim of this paper is to generate ideas and encourage further exploration amongst practitioners and scholars regarding the feasibility of this perspective. There are a number of plausible explanations for the origin of cynicism, including the notion that cynicism is learned. As anything that is learned can also be unlearned, “unlearning” seemed to be a compelling perspective worthy of further exploration.

Design/methodology/approach
A targeted literature review of cynicism (with a specific focus on some of the more salient and well-respected research) was utilized to develop a conceptual overview of cynicism, a discussion of key causes/antecedents of cynicism, and common symptoms of cynicism. Select literature was also reviewed relative to the concept of “unlearning”. These varied sources were then synthesized into a framework that outlined the premise of “unlearning” applied to cynicism in organizations.

Findings
This article focuses on the attitudinal dimension of cynicism, discussing “unlearning” as a possible method for addressing cynicism that can be used to supplement, but not necessarily replace, other methods that have proven effective.

Originality/value
Cynicism in organizations has received notable research attention. This article contributes to this important topic by exploring “unlearning” as a supplemental approach or perspective for addressing cynicism with the intent of generating ideas and encouraging further exploration of the feasibility of this approach.