bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Intermolecular Hydroalkoxylation of Allenes and Alkynes with Alcohols: Synthesis of Branched Allylic Ethers.
Authors: Liu Zi , Breit Bernhard 
Published: November 2016

AbstractRegio‐ and enantioselective additions of alcohols to either terminal allenes or internal alkynes provide access to allylic ethers by using a Rh(I)/diphenyl phosphate catalytic system.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Base‐Catalyzed Solvent‐Tuned Chemoselective Carbotrifluoromethylation and Oxytrifluoromethylation of Unactivated Alkenes.
Authors: Yang Ning‐Yuan , Li Zhong‐Liang , Ye Liu , Tan Bin , Liu Xin‐Yuan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThese unprecedented and chemodivergent trifluoromethylation reactions of alkenes allow for a rapid and diverse accumulation of trifluoromethylated tetralins and dihydrofurans by adjusting the base catalyst and solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed C—S Bond Formation of Stable Enamines with Arene/Alkanethiols: Highly Regioselective Synthesis of β‐Amino Sulfides.
Authors: Jiang Yaojia , Liang Gaohui , Zhang Cong , Loh Teck‐Peng 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA direct and regiocontrolled thiolation of stable enamines provides E‐configurated β‐amino sulfides through a palladium‐catalyzed C(sp2)—H functionalization under mild conditions using a phosphine ligand to prevent poisoning of the catalyst by S.
ChemInform Abstract: Controlled Ring‐Opening of Siloxydifluorocyclopropanes for Carbocyclization: Synthesis of Difluorocyclopentenones.
Authors: Song Xiaoning , Tian Shuangquan , Zhao Ziming , Zhu Dongsheng , Wang Mang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe reaction proceeds via intermediary siloxydifluorocyclopropanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Decarboxylative Csp3—Csp3 Coupling for Benzylation of Unstable Ketone Enolates: Synthesis of P‐(Acylethyl)phenols.
Authors: Wang Sasa , Chen Xinzheng , Ao Qiaoqiao , Wang Huifei , Zhai Hongbin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA novel TBAF‐induced decarboxylative benzylation of unstable ketone enolates is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Oxidation/C—H Functionalization of Ynones: Efficient and Rapid Access to Functionalized Polycyclic Salicyl Ketones.
Authors: Ji Kegong , Yang Fang , Gao Shiyue , Tang Jiangjiang , Gao Jinming 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA variety of salicylic ketones is available by utilizing this non‐diazo approach.
ChemInform Abstract: Intermolecular Electrophilic Addition of Epoxides to Alkenes: [3 + 2] Cycloadditions Catalyzed by Lewis Acids.
Authors: Shuler William G. , Combee Logan A. , Falk Isaac D. , Hilinski Michael K. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDiastereoselective and regioselective electrophilic addition reactions of epoxides to alkenes afford tetrahydrofurans through a classic cationic mechanism initiated by epoxide C—O bond cleavage featuring inexpensive precursors, mild conditions, short reaction times, low catalyst loading, and scalability.
ChemInform Abstract: Bi(OTf)3 Catalyzed Solvent Free Approach to Unsymmetrical Diaryl(2‐indolyl)methanes Through 1,6‐Conjugate Addition of 3‐Substituted Indoles to para‐Quinone Methides.
Authors: Goswami Prithwish , Anand Ramasamy Vijaya 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn the presence of the inexpensive, non‐toxic catalyst, a broad spectrum of title compounds is readily available within a short time in generally good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cascade Reactions of α‐Halo‐N‐tosylhydrazones, Indoles, and Aryl Iodides.
Authors: Wu Guojiao , Deng Yifan , Luo Haiqing , Li Tianjiao , Zhang Yan , Wang Jianbo 
Published: November 2016

Abstractα‐Halo‐N‐tosylhydrazones react with aryl iodides and diversely substituted indoles under Pd‐catalysis to give 3‐(2,2‐diarylvinyl)indoles mainly as E/Z mixtures.
ChemInform Abstract: Imidazolium and Potassium Hydrogen Carbonate Salts as Ecofriendly Organocatalysts for Oxazolidinone Synthesis.
Authors: Fournier Antoine H. , de Robillard Guillaume , Devillers Charles H. , Plasseraud Laurent , Andrieu Jacques 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe catalyst is recyclable and reusable at least 4 times without any loss in yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Broensted‐Acid‐Mediated Divergent Reactions of Betti Bases with Indoles: An Approach to Chromeno[2,3‐b]indoles Through Intramolecular Dehydrogenative C2‐Alkoxylation of Indole.
Authors: Deb Mohit L. , Pegu Choitanya Dev , Deka Bhaskar , Dutta Prantu , Kotmale Amol S. , Baruah Pranjal K. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractUnder Broensted acid catalysis, naphthol‐based Betti bases either couple with indoles or undergo a new type of C—C bond cleavage giving diarylmethanes (not shown).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1‐Substituted Isoquinolines by Heterocyclization of TosMIC Derivatives: Total Synthesis of Cassiarin A.
Authors: Gutierrez Sara , Coppola Anna , Sucunza David , Burgos Carolina , Vaquero Juan J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe protocol is applied to the preparation of the antiplasmodial alkaloid cassiarin A (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Construction of Pyrrolo[1,2‐b]isoquinolin‐10(5H)‐ones via a Redox‐Amination—Aromatization—Friedel—Crafts Acylation Cascade Reaction and Discovery of Novel Topoisomerase Inhibitors.
Authors: Zhang Wannian , et al.  
Published: November 2016

AbstractCompound (IIIg) shows interesting anticancer activities against HeLa cervical, HCT116 colon, and A549 non‐small cell lung cancer cells as well as HepG2 heptanoma cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free C—N Bond Formations: One‐Pot Synthesis of Pyrido[2′,1′:2,3]imidazo[4,5‐c]cinnolines, Benzo[4′,5′]thiazolo‐ and Thiazolo[2′,3′:2,3]imidazo[4,5‐c]cinnolines.
Authors: Kandimalla Satheeshkumar Reddy , Sabitha Gowravaram 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAn efficient one‐pot, two step procedure for the synthesis of novel fused cinnolines is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: (+)‐ and (‐)‐Ganodilactone, a Pair of Meroterpenoid Dimers with Pancreatic Lipase Inhibitory Activities from the Macromycete Ganoderma leucocontextum.
Authors: Chen He‐Ping , Zhao Zhen‐Zhu , Zhang Yu , Bai Xue , Zhang Ling , Liu Ji‐Kai 
Published: November 2016

Abstract(+)‐ and (‐)‐Ganodilactone (I) from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma leucocontextum are a pair of novel meroterpenoid dimers possessing a unique 5′H‐spiro[chroman‐4,2′‐furan]‐2,5′‐dione ring system.
ChemInform Abstract: Three New Pregnane Alkaloids from Pachysandra terminalis.
Authors: Sun Yun , Chen Jin‐Xiong , Chen Jian‐Chao , Li Zhong‐Rong , Zhou Lin , Li Yan , Qiu Ming‐Hua 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThree new pregnane alkaloids, pachystermine C (I), pachysanamine A (II), and pachysanamine B (III), are isolated from the title plant.
Structural Assignment of Commercial Polyisobutylene Succinic Anhydride‐based Surfactants
Authors: van der Merwe Marina M. , Landman Marilé , van Rooyen Petrus H. , Jordaan Johannes H. L. , Otto Daniel P. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractConcentration of the surface active agents in industrial products is a common source of error. In order to compare the efficiency of a number of polyisobutylene succinic anhydride (PIBSA) based surfactants, their concentration needs to be determined with a fair degree of accuracy. Industrial samples of the monoethanolamine adduct of PIBSA (PIBSA‐MEA) concentrate were used for chromatographic separation of the functionalized surfactant from the sample matrix. Complete spectroscopic assignments were based on detailed analysis of all the precursors and of the purified mixture of structural isomers. The structures of the double bond isomers were consistent with the expected addition products of the classic Alder‐ene reaction‐derived PIBSA. The carbon–carbon connectivity of the succinamide head group to the bulky polymer tail of PIBSA‐MEA was more complicated than previously thought, pointing towards regioselectivity in the nucleophilic substitution of PIBSA. By analogy, further structural assignments of two other surfactants, branded as PIBSA‐IMIDE and PIBSA‐UREA were made from the spectroscopic data recorded on crude industrial samples. Detailed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) assignments for all three surfactants reported here were utilized to develop a semi‐quantitative 13C‐NMR based method for the estimation of the amount of the functionalized surfactant relative to the total PIB content in the industrial concentrates. The results highlight common sources of structure‐ and concentration‐dependent errors in high internal phase emulsion formulations.
Quantifying Intrinsic and Extrinsic Contributions to Human Longevity: Application of a Two-Process Vitality Model to the Human Mortality Database
Authors: Sharrow David J. , Anderson James J. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The rise in human life expectancy has involved declines in intrinsic and extrinsic mortality processes associated, respectively, with senescence and environmental challenges. To better understand the factors driving this rise, we apply a two-process vitality model to data from the Human Mortality Database. Model parameters yield intrinsic and extrinsic cumulative survival curves from which we derive intrinsic and extrinsic expected life spans (ELS). Intrinsic ELS, a measure of longevity acted on by intrinsic, physiological factors, changed slowly over two centuries and then entered a second phase of increasing longevity ostensibly brought on by improvements in old-age death reduction technologies and cumulative health behaviors throughout life. The model partitions the majority of the increase in life expectancy before 1950 to increasing extrinsic ELS driven by reductions in environmental, event-based health challenges in both childhood and adulthood. In the post-1950 era, the extrinsic ELS of females appears to be converging to the intrinsic ELS, whereas the extrinsic ELS of males is approximately 20 years lower than the intrinsic ELS.
Off-Target Effect of Sildenafil on Postsurgical Erectile Dysfunction: Alternate Pathways and Localized Delivery System
Authors: Salmasi Amirali , Lee Geun Taek , Patel Neal , Goyal Ritu , Dinizo Michael , Kwon Young Suk , Modi Part K. , Faiena Izak , Kim Hee-Jin , Lee Nara , Hannan Johanna L. , Kohn Joachim , Kim Isaac Yi 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionThere is no consensus on the best oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5I) for patients undergoing penile rehabilitation after surgical nerve injury.AimTo determine the mechanism of PDE5I on cultured neuronal cells and the effectiveness of local drug delivery using nanospheres (NSPs) to sites of nerve injury in a rat model of bilateral cavernous nerve injury (BCNI).MethodsThe effects of sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil on cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cyclic guanosine monophosphate, and cell survival after exposure to hypoxia and H2O2 were measured in PC12, SH-SY5Y, and NTERA-2 (NT2) cell cultures. The effects of phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitor (PDE4I) and PDE5I on neuronal cell survival were evaluated. Male rats underwent BCNI and were untreated (BCNI), immediately treated with application of empty NSPs (BCNI + NSP), NSPs containing sildenafil (Sild + NSP), or NSPs containing rolipram (Rol + NSP).Main Outcome MeasuresViability of neuronal cells was measured. Intracavernous pressure changes after cavernous nerve electrostimulation and expression of neurofilament, nitric oxide synthase, and actin in mid-shaft of penis were analyzed 14 days after injury.ResultsSildenafil and rolipram significantly decreased cell death after exposure to H2O2 and hypoxia in PC12, SH-SY5Y, and NT2 cells. PC12 cells did not express PDE5 and knockdown of PDE4 significantly increased cell viability in PC12, SH-SY5Y, and NT2 cells exposed to hypoxia. The ratio of intracavernous pressure to mean arterial pressure and expression of penile neurofilament, nitric oxide synthase, and actin were significantly higher in the Sild + NSP and Rol + NSP groups than in the BCNI and BCNI + NSP groups. Limitations included analysis in only two PDE families using only a single dose.ConclusionSildenafil showed the most profound neuroprotective effect compared with tadalafil and vardenafil. Sildenafil- or rolipram-loaded NSP delivery to the site of nerve injury prevented erectile dysfunction and led to increased neurofilament, nitric oxide synthase, smooth muscle content in rat penile tissue after BCNI.
Isolated Unilateral Hand Weakness Due to Cortical Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: Qu Wei , Gardiner Matthew 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIsolated hand weakness is a relatively common clinical presentation. The differential diagnoses include peripheral and central neurological lesions. This is a report of sudden onset, pure hand weakness, without any other neurological signs or symptoms in the setting of a prolonged hospital stay for bilateral diabetic foot ulceration. A cerebral magnetic resonance image identified an “inverted omega sign” along the right precentral gyrus and paracentral lobule, consistent with an area of acute cortical infarction. Patients with acute pure hand weakness, and risk factors for cerebral vascular disease, should be carefully evaluated for a cortical lesion in addition to the routine peripheral neurologic workup.
Human Brain Chemokine and Cytokine Expression in Sepsis: A Report of Three Cases
Authors: Warford Jordan , Lamport Anna-Claire , Kennedy Barry , Easton Alexander S. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTBackground: Sepsis is a systemic response to infection that can affect brain function by inducing resident cells (including astrocytes and microglia) to generate brain chemokines and cytokines. However, there are few studies on the human brain. Since this information may shed further light on pathogenesis, our study objective was to measure the expression of 36 chemokines and cytokines in autopsied brain from 3 cases of sepsis and 10 controls, and to relate this to astrocyte and microglial activation. Methods: The right frontal pole was removed at autopsy and chemokine and cytokine expression measured by multiplexed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Immunohistochemistry and image analysis were carried out to determine the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker of activated astrocytes, and CD68 and CD45, markers of activated microglial cells. Results: Concentrations of the chemokines CXCL8, CXCL10, CXCL12, CCL13 and CCL22 were increased in pooled data from the three cases of sepsis (p<0.05); however, their messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was unaltered. CXCL13, CXCL1, CXCL2, CCL1, CCL2, CCL8, CCL20, (interleukin) IL-16, IL-1β and (tumour necrosis factor) TNF concentrations showed increases in two of three sepsis cases. Additionally, individual sepsis cases showed increases in mRNA expression for HDAC (histone deacetylase) 6 and EIF (eukaryotic translation initiation factor) 4A2. Brain GFAP expression was significantly increased (p<0.05) in pooled data from the three sepsis cases. Individual sepsis cases showed increases in CD68 or CD45 expression. Conclusions: These expression patterns add to our understanding of the pathogenesis of sepsis and its effects on the brain.
The roles of traditional knowledge systems in orang-utanPongospp. and forest conservation: a case study of Danau Sentarum, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Yuliani Elizabeth L. , Adnan Hasantoha , Achdiawan Ramadhani , Bakara Denny , Heri Valentinus , Sammy Jim , Salim M. Agus , Sunderland Terry 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe orang-utanPongospp. is protected by national and international legislation, yet populations continue to decline. Many reports implicate local people in the poaching and illegal trade in orang-utans, yet community participation has been promoted as an alternative conservation strategy. To explore how community-based orang-utan conservation could be developed, we conducted a study to understand informal institutions, particularly local people's perceptions, traditional beliefs, taboos, norms and knowledge, related to orang-utan conservation within and around the wetlands of Danau Sentarum. The majority of Dayak communities interviewed practised traditional taboos, which supported the protection of orang-utans and their habitat. Statistical analysis using generalized linear modelling indicated that more orang-utan nests were found in areas with both good habitat condition and strong informal institutions. Despite applying traditional systems that are similar to conservation, local people have negative perceptions about the term ‘conservation’. We describe the underlying causes of these negative perceptions and highlight their implications for conservation programmes and policies. We conclude that conservation of orang-utans and other species should not focus on single species but on maintaining social and natural capital, cultural diversity and ecological functions at various institutional levels and across geographical scales.
Trade-offs between timber production, carbon stocking and habitat quality when managing woodlots for multiple ecosystem services
Authors: CARPENTIER SOPHIE , FILOTAS ELISE , HANDA I. TANYA , MESSIER CHRISTIAN 
Published: November 2016

SUMMARYManaging for multiple ecosystem services is a growing issue for forest managers. As trade-offs arise between conflicting management objectives, stakeholders must be informed of the possible outcomes of alternative choices in order to facilitate decision-making. We modelled stand dynamics under single-management and functional zoning multiple-management (TRIAD; i.e. three-zone) scenarios in different forest types typical of eastern North America with the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS). Timber production, carbon stocking and habitat quality ecosystem services were calculated with simulation outputs. Habitat quality was measured using a habitat suitability index that integrated stand structural indicators. A multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) was performed in order to rank scenarios. We show that the most intensive management yielded greater timber volumes but resulted in the weakest carbon and habitat quality scores. The TRIAD scenarios in sugar maple–beech stands offered the best compromise in services compared to single management. In shade-intolerant deciduous stands, there was a loss of timber production with TRIAD scenarios, but greater carbon stock and habitat quality were observed. Our study contrasts alternative management scenarios for ecosystem services in woodlots of different forest types. It confirms that multiple harvest systems better achieve multiple services. The coupling of simulation modelling with MCDA offers a simple and flexible method to help stakeholders and managers make sound decisions.
Acousmatic Foley: Staging sound-fiction
Authors: Pinheiro Sara 
Published: November 2016

This article proposes a narrative theory thought in terms that are specific to sound practice. It addresses two different fields – Acousmatic Music and Foley Art – as a possibility of understanding sound narration and conceptualising it around the idea of fiction. To this end, it begins from the concepts of sound-motif, sound-prop and sound-actors, in order to propose a dramaturgic practice specific to sound terms.The theory of sound dramaturgy acquires a practical outline by making use of multichannel constellations as a composition strategy, with specific loudspeaker arrangements. The theory advocates loudspeakers as the mediators of the experience and the stage as part of the audience’s assembly. This translates into a practice of staging sound fiction, which focuses on formulating a conjecture based on formal and factual structures, allowing for a direct relationship between the listener and the listening, between the sounds and their fictional location.
Skeleton growth under uniformly distributed force conditions: producing spherical sea urchins
Authors: Cheng Polly , Kambli Ankita , Stone Johnny 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSea urchin skeletons, or tests, comprise rigid calcareous plates, interlocked and sutured together with collagen fibres. The tests are malleable due to mutability in the collagen fibres that loosen during active feeding, yielding interplate gaps. We designed an extraterrestrial simulation experiment wherein we subjected actively growing sea urchins toone factorassociated with zero-gravity environments, by growing them under conditions in which reactionary gravitational forces were balanced, and observed how their tests responded. Preventing tests from adhering to surfaces during active growth produced more-spherical bodies, realized as increased height-to-diameter ratios. Sea urchin tests constitute ideal systems for obtaining data that could be useful in extraterrestrial biology research, particularly in how skeletons grow under altered-gravity conditions.
Continuous injection synthesis of indium arsenide quantum dots emissive in the short-wavelength infrared
Authors: Franke Daniel , Harris Daniel K. , Chen Ou , Bruns Oliver T. , Carr Jessica A. , Wilson Mark W. B. , Bawendi Moungi G. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWith the emergence of applications based on short-wavelength infrared light, indium arsenide quantum dots are promising candidates to address existing shortcomings of other infrared-emissive nanomaterials. However, III–V quantum dots have historically struggled to match the high-quality optical properties of II–VI quantum dots. Here we present an extensive investigation of the kinetics that govern indium arsenide nanocrystal growth. Based on these insights, we design a synthesis of large indium arsenide quantum dots with narrow emission linewidths. We further synthesize indium arsenide-based core-shell-shell nanocrystals with quantum yields up to 82% and improved photo- and long-term storage stability. We then demonstrate non-invasive through-skull fluorescence imaging of the brain vasculature of murine models, and show that our probes exhibit 2–3 orders of magnitude higher quantum yields than commonly employed infrared emitters across the entire infrared camera sensitivity range. We anticipate that these probes will not only enable new biomedical imaging applications, but also improved infrared nanocrystal-LEDs and photon-upconversion technology.
Biocatalytic trifluoromethylation of unprotected phenols
Authors: Simon Robert C. , Busto Eduardo , Richter Nina , Resch Verena , Houk Kendall N. , Kroutil Wolfgang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractOrganofluorine compounds have become important building blocks for a broad range of advanced materials, polymers, agrochemicals, and increasingly for pharmaceuticals. Despite tremendous progress within the area of fluorination chemistry, methods for the direct introduction of fluoroalkyl-groups into organic molecules without prefunctionalization are still highly desired. Here we present a concept for the introduction of the trifluoromethyl group into unprotected phenols by employing a biocatalyst (laccase), tBuOOH, and either the Langlois’ reagent or Baran’s zinc sulfinate. The method relies on the recombination of two radical species, namely, the phenol radical cation generated directly by the laccase and the CF3-radical. Various functional groups such as ketone, ester, aldehyde, ether and nitrile are tolerated. This laccase-catalysed trifluoromethylation proceeds under mild conditions and allows accessing trifluoromethyl-substituted phenols that were not available by classical methods.