bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Innovative Energy Storage System Based on Phase Change Material and Solar Energy Integrated With an Air Handling Unit to Produce Heating and Cooling
Authors: Abdollahi Seyyed Amirreza , Faramarzi Saman , Ranjbar Seyyed Faramarz , Hashemi Kazem , Majidi Hamid , Gholamian Ehsan 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the potential of using phase change material (PCM) in a building using an air handling unit (AHU) assisted by solar energy. To further enhance the system, an energy storage system (ESS) can be considered. Implementing ESS would allow the captured solar energy to be stored efficiently, ensuring a continuous and reliable power source for cooling or heating the air, even during non‐sunlight hours. The air‐conditioned zone is considered to be 220 m2 in which 30 people work for 12 h a day. An energy analysis is conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed system in terms of energy and exergy loss. The genetic algorithm (GA) method is used to optimize the system. The results indicate that the system, including PCM and solar system, can reduce energy consumption by up to 8.9% compared to conventional AHUs in the hottest month of the year (July). The results indicated that employing PCM leads to a decrease of 124 kWh in heat loss during January and 229 kWh in heat gain during July. Taking into account the beneficial impacts of both PCM and the solar system, the yearly assessment demonstrates a 2.69% reduction in power demand, equating to an energy saving of 679 kWh. Furthermore, PCM in the proposed system can be used in integration with AHUs based on renewable energy systems to store renewable energy for buildings.
EEG Functional Connectivity Differences Predict Future Conversion to Dementia in Mild Cognitive Impairment With Lewy Body or Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Hasoon Jahfer , Hamilton Calum A. , Schumacher Julia , Colloby Sean , Donaghy Paul C. , Thomas Alan J. , Taylor John‐Paul 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPredicting which individuals may convert to dementia from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) remains difficult in clinical practice. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a widely available investigation but there is limited research exploring EEG connectivity differences in patients with MCI who convert to dementia.MethodsParticipants with a diagnosis of MCI due to Alzheimer's disease (MCI‐AD) or Lewy body disease (MCI‐LB) underwent resting state EEG recording. They were followed up annually with a review of the clinical diagnosis (n = 66). Participants with a diagnosis of dementia at year 1 or year 2 follow up were classed as converters (n = 23) and those with a diagnosis of MCI at year 2 were classed as stable (n = 43). We used phase lag index (PLI) to estimate functional connectivity as well as analysing dominant frequency (DF) and relative band power. The Network‐based statistic (NBS) toolbox was used to assess differences in network topology.ResultsThe converting group had reduced DF (U = 285.5, p = 0.005) and increased relative pre‐alpha power (U = 702, p = 0.005) consistent with previous findings. PLI showed reduced average beta band synchrony in the converting group (U = 311, p = 0.014) as well as significant differences in alpha and beta network topology. Logistic regression models using regional beta PLI values revealed that right central to right lateral (Sens = 56.5%, Spec = 86.0%, −2LL = 72.48, p = 0.017) and left central to right lateral (Sens = 47.8%, Spec = 81.4%, −2LL = 71.37, p = 0.012) had the best classification accuracy and fit when adjusted for age and MMSE score.ConclusionPatients with MCI who convert to dementia have significant differences in EEG frequency, average connectivity and network topology prior to the onset of dementia. The MCI group is clinically heterogeneous and have underlying physiological differences that may be driving the progression of cognitive symptoms. EEG connectivity could be useful to predict which patients with MCI‐AD and MCI‐LB convert to dementia, regardless of the neurodegenerative aetiology.
Fast Multiphoton Microscopic Imaging Joint Image Super‐Resolution for Automated Gleason Grading of Prostate Cancers
Authors: Huang Xinpeng , Wang Qianqiong , He Jia , Ban Chaoran , Zheng Hua , Chen Hong , Zhu Xiaoqin 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTGleason grading system is dependable for quantifying prostate cancer. This paper introduces a fast multiphoton microscopic imaging method via deep learning for automatic Gleason grading. Due to the contradiction between multiphoton microscopy (MPM) imaging speed and quality, a deep learning architecture (SwinIR) is used for image super‐resolution to address this issue. The quality of low‐resolution image is improved, which increased the acquisition speed from 7.55 s per frame to 0.24 s per frame. A classification network (Swin Transformer) was introduced for automated Gleason grading. The classification accuracy and Macro‐F1 achieved by training on high‐resolution images are respectively 90.9% and 90.9%. For training on super‐resolution images, the classification accuracy and Macro‐F1 are respectively 89.9% and 89.9%. It shows that super‐resolution image can provide a comparable performance to high‐resolution image. Our results suggested that MPM joint image super‐resolution and automatic classification methods hold the potential to be a real‐time clinical diagnostic tool for prostate cancer diagnosis.
Ultrastructural and SEM‐EDX Analysis Characterizations of the Pecten Oculi of the Eurasian Stone‐Curlew (Burhinus oedicnemus): New Insights to Its Migratory Adaptations With Northern Egyptian Coast
Authors: Abumandour Mohamed M. A. , Hanafy Basma G. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTOur study represents the first attempts to describe the ultrastructure features in addition to SEM‐EDX analysis of the pecten oculi of the nocturnal, visually active Eurasian stone‐curlew. The present study was carried out on 10 normal pecten oculi from the migrant Eurasian stone‐curlew (Burhinus oedicnemus) that was captured from the Northern Egyptian coast, Edku Lake, Edku, Behera, Egypt. The intraocular folded quadrilateral fan black pecten oculi was observed on the posteroinferior wall of the eyeball. The pecten oculi had 18–20 pleats, with narrow spaces in‐between. Our SEM findings showed a tortuous, coiled pecteneal surface due to numerous blood capillaries. The apical part was oriented toward the ciliary body, but the basal part was derived from the retina, just behind the optic nerve. The outer pleat surfaces are covered by the vitreopecteneal limiting membrane, which carries numerous hyalocyte cells on the outer pleat surface. The transverse sections revealed numerous blood capillaries surrounded by numerous melanin granules. Each basal part was surrounded by a thin, elevated ridge. Our SEM‐EDX analysis revealed that carbon is the highest (half percent), oxygen represents about one‐third, and nitrogen is one‐fifth percent of all elements. The lowest elements are sulfate at the apical part and phosphorus in the middle and basal parts. In conclusion, our findings reveal that the number of pecteneal pleats is related to the nocturnal active visual pattern and the lifestyle of this migratory bird.
Effects of Light and Water Agitation on Hatching Processes in False Clownfish Amphiprion ocellaris
Authors: Yamanaka Sakuto , Kawaguchi Mari , Yasumasu Shigeki , Sato Kenji , Kinoshita Masato 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTFalse clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris) employ a hatching strategy regulated by environmental cues, wherein parents provide water flow to encourage embryos to hatch after sunset on the hatching day. Despite previous studies demonstrating the necessity of complete darkness and water agitation for hatching, the regulatory mechanisms underlying these environmental cues remain elusive. This study aimed to investigate how darkness and water agitation affect the secretion of hatching enzymes and the hatching movements of embryos in false clownfish. Assessment of chorion digestion and live imaging of Ca2+ in hatching glands using GCaMP6s, a Ca2+ indicator, revealed that darkness stimulation triggers the secretion of hatching enzymes by increasing Ca2+ levels in hatching gland cells. On the other hand, water agitation primarily stimulated hatching movements in embryos, which led to the rupture of their egg envelopes. These results suggest that changes in light environments following sunset induce embryos to secrete hatching enzymes and that water agitation provided by parents stimulates hatching movements. These responses to environmental cues, light and water agitation, contribute to the rapid and synchronous hatching in false clownfish.
Epidemiological characterization of hand, foot, and mouth disease among hospitalized children from 2014 to 2023 in a hospital in Henan Province: Longitudinal surveillance study
Authors: Li Kang , Chen Shouhang , Li Zhi , Shen Yuanfang , Zhang Yaodong , Wang Fang , Duan Guangcai , Jin Yuefei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is an acute infectious illness primarily caused by enteroviruses. The present study aimed to describe the epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized HFMD patients in a hospital in Henan Province (Zhengzhou, China), and to predict the future epidemiological parameters. In this study, we conducted a retrospective analysis of general demographic and clinical data on hospitalized children who were diagnosed with HFMD from 2014 to 2023. We used wavelet analysis to determine the periodicity of the disease. We also conducted an analysis of the impact of the COVID‐19 epidemic on the detection ratio of severe illness. Additionally, we employed a Seasonal Difference Autoregressive Moving Average (SARIMA) model to forecast characteristics of future newly hospitalized HFMD children. A total of 19 487 HFMD cases were included in the dataset. Among these cases, 1515 (7.8%) were classified as severe. The peak incidence of HFMD typically fell between May and July, exhibiting pronounced seasonality. The emergence of COVID‐19 pandemic changed the ratio of severe illness. In addition, the best‐fitted seasonal ARIMA model was identified as (2,0,2)(1,0,1)12. The incidence of severe cases decreased significantly following the introduction of the vaccine to the market (χ2 = 109.9, p < 0.05). The number of hospitalized HFMD cases in Henan Province exhibited a seasonal and declining trend from 2014 to 2023. Non‐pharmacological interventions implemented during the COVID‐19 pandemic have led to a reduction in the incidence of severe illness.
Future climate change implications in Bhutan from a downscaled and bias‐adjusted CMIP6 multimodel ensemble
Authors: Lehner Fabian , Nadeem Imran , Formayer Herbert 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe describe the bias adjustment and downscaling to a resolution of 1 × 1 km of daily temperature, precipitation and solar radiation of a multimodel ensemble of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) GCMs with the local observational data set BhutanClim for Bhutan and an analysis of the results for 1996–2100. The GCMs were selected based on their ability to reproduce local temporal and spatial precipitation patterns, resulting in a total of 14 models for each shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP). The results are shown for five global warming levels (GWLs) 1.5, 2, 3, 4 and 5°C, providing insight into the projected impacts of climate change at different warming levels. The daily temperature and precipitation data are publicly available, which is of great benefit for climate impact studies, such as ecological, hydrological or infrastructure‐related studies. In this paper, we discuss showcase climate indicators. Peak‐over‐threshold climate indicators such as hot days above 30°C are relevant for human health. In the capital city of Thimphu, these are currently rare, at 4 days per year, but might increase to more than 80 for GWL5.0. Precipitation increases in the summer months, but slightly decreases in the drier winter months. Accordingly, the 3‐month SPEI drought index is projected to increase in summer, but strongly decreases in the winter months, mostly pronounced in February. The increasing severity of late‐winter and spring droughts might have a negative impact on vegetation, wildfires and water supply.
Increased enteral lipid supplementation is not associated with weight gain in extremely preterm infants with sufficient energy intakes
Authors: Alm Stina , Lundström Josefin , Sjöström Elisabeth S. , Domellöf Magnus 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesPractices for fortifying human milk vary among neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). It is unclear whether enteral energy intake above 140 kcal/kg/day with increased fat supplementation leads to greater weight gain in breastmilk‐fed extremely preterm (EPT) infants.MethodsAnthropometric and nutritional data were collected from clinical records for Swedish EPT infants born between gestational weeks 26 + 0 and 27 + 6. Included infants were treated at NICU A (n = 17) or NICU B (n = 39). The primary outcome was change in standard deviation (SD) scores (ΔSDS) for weight between postmenstrual weeks 29 + 0 and 34 + 0.ResultsAt birth, the mean gestational age was 26.9 (±0.45 SD) weeks and the mean birthweight was 969 (±107 SD) g. Between postmenstrual weeks 29 + 0 and 33 + 6, the energy intake was significantly higher at NICU B: mean (SD) 149 (±14.9) versus 132 (±11.2) kcal/kg/day, p ≤ 0.001. This was driven by a higher fat intake at NICU B: mean (SD) 7.97 (±1.05) versus 6.20 (±0.92) g/kg/day, p ≤ 0.001, which in turn was explained by more liberal use of lipid supplements at NICU B. No significant differences were found in ΔSDS for weight, length or head circumference between the two NICUs.ConclusionsDespite considerable differences in energy intake due to the use of enteral lipid supplements, our study showed no differences in ΔSDS for weight, length or head circumference. This may be due to limited fat absorption in infants already receiving adequate energy and fat, and poor absorption of fat from human donor milk.
Determinants of crop diversification and its impact on farmers' income: A case study in Rangpur District, Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md Sayemul , Jahan Hasneen , Ema Nishat Sultana , Ahmed Md. Rubel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn the face of rising global food demand, climate change, and economic uncertainties, crop diversification has emerged as a crucial tool for achieving both economic and environmental sustainability. In Bangladesh, where the economy heavily relies on agriculture, crop diversification can play a vital role in enhancing farmers' livelihoods and domestic food production.ResultsThis study focuses on Rangpur district, an agricultural hub in Bangladesh, analyzing data from 122 farmers to assess the status, determinants, and effects of crop diversification. The Simpson Diversification Index (SDI) analysis revealed that 29% and 68% of the farmers exhibit very high and high degrees of crop diversification, respectively. The Tobit model identified significant drivers of crop diversification, including education, household size, farming experience, non‐farm income, mobile phone information access, experience with climatic shocks, and land type. Additionally, the Log‐Linear model indicated that each unit increase in the SDI score corresponds to a 2.41% increase in farmers' income.ConclusionThe study demonstrates that crop diversification is a key strategy for enhancing economic sustainability and increasing income among farmers in Bangladesh. By improving both economic outcomes and resilience, crop diversification supports sustainable agricultural practices in the region.
Development of an alternative method to quantify H2S: application in wine fermentation
Authors: Paredes María José , Benavides‐Valenzuela Sergio 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDA colorimetric method for the quantification of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) produced in microbial fermentations was developed using lead gelled alginate microparticles packed in glass columns. The formation of a lead sulfide complex, between H₂S and lead ion (Pb2+) immobilized on the microparticles, allowed simple and accurate quantification by colorimetry.RESULTSThe microparticle‐loaded columns were calibrated and showed significant analytical sensitivity. The calibration curve of the system showed a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.995 and a detection limit of 1.29 ± 0.02 μg L−1. The application of the columns in laboratory wine fermentations was able to detect variations in H2S production from 10.6 to 23.5 μg L−1 by increasing the sugar content in the medium, and from 10.6 to 3.2 μg L−1 with decreasing nitrogen content in the medium.CONCLUSIONValidation of the proposed method was carried out by determining H₂S in a vinic fermentation model, the results of which were compared with those obtained using a reference chemical method. The data obtained showed no statistically significant differences between the two methods, confirming the reliability and accuracy of the developed system. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Comparative Histopathologic Analysis of Inner Ear Damage in Meningitis: Otogenic Versus Meningogenic Routes
Authors: Schuster Artur K. , Yilmaz Nevra K. , Shimura Tomotaka , Cureoglu Sebahattin , da Costa Monsanto Rafael , Lavinsky Joel 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveTo distinguish the patterns of inner ear changes between meningogenic and otogenic routes in meningitis cases. Our hypothesis is that pinpointing distinct patterns linked to each route could aid in the development of diagnostic strategies and targeted therapies.MethodsTemporal bones (TBs) from patients with a history of meningitis and histopathological evidence of labyrinthitis were divided into two groups (otogenic and meningogenic). Inner ear histopathological examination was performed to identify qualitative and semi‐quantitative changes. This assessment encompassed inflammation patterns, indications of early ossification, hair cell loss, and alterations in the lateral wall, round window membrane, cochlear aqueduct and vestibular aqueduct.ResultsThirty‐six TBs were included in the study (otogenic, 21; meningogenic, 15). Generalized labyrinthitis was more common in otogenic cases (100% vs. 53%, p < 0.001). Early signs of cochlear ossification were exclusively observed in otogenic cases (9 TBs). The spiral ligament of otogenic cases has shown a uniform loss of fibrocytes across all cochlear turns, while meningogenic cases showed more severe loss in the apical turn. Otogenic cases exhibited a higher prevalence of severe inflammation of the cochlear aqueduct and endolymphatic sac. Meningogenic cases showed more severe loss of vestibular hair cells in the otolithic organs.ConclusionOtogenic cases displayed a higher prevalence of changes in the spiral ligament and signs of early ossification, whereas meningogenic cases were associated with a higher degree of vestibular damage. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering the infection route and its implications for timely diagnosis and development of pathology‐oriented treatment strategies.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 135:864–872, 2025
Metabolic Responses to Excess Manganese in Legumes: Variations in Nitrogen Compounds in Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC and Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp
Authors: Mendes Thalita Fischer Santini , Ferreira Tassia Caroline , Bomfim Nayane Cristina Pires , Aguilar Jailson Vieira , de Camargos Liliane Santos 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTManganese (Mn) is crucial as a trace element for plant metabolism, but high concentrations in soil can induce symptoms of toxicity. This study aimed to evaluate the metabolism of nitrogen compounds and biomass production in Canavalia ensiformis and Cajanus cajan, clarifying the effects of this metal on nitrogen metabolism. The soil was treated with Mn concentrations of 80, 100, 120, 140, and 160 mg kg−1. Differential responses were observed in the metabolism of nitrogenous compounds between species. C. cajan affected nitrogen metabolism in shoots, roots, and nodules, with significant variations in amino acids, total soluble proteins, ureides, and root biomass concentration. In contrast, C. ensiformis showed stability in the concentrations of compounds, mainly ureides, and proteins, even with increasing doses of Mn in the soil. These findings highlight the importance of nitrogen metabolism in legumes studied as a key aspect for understanding their Mn tolerance mechanisms in soil.
Performance evaluation of a 4D similarity filter for dynamic CT angiography imaging of the liver
Authors: Tunissen Sjoerd A. M. , Smit Ewoud J. , Mikerov Mikhail , Prokop Mathias , Sechopoulos Ioannis 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundDynamic computed tomography (CT) angiography of the abdomen provides perfusion information and characteristics of the tissues present in the abdomen. This information could potentially help characterize liver metastases. However, radiation dose has to be relatively low for the patient, causing the images to have very high noise content. Denoising methods are needed to increase image quality.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the performance, limitations, and behavior of a new 4D filtering method, called the 4D Similarity Filter (4DSF), to reduce image noise in temporal CT data.MethodsThe 4DSF averages voxels with similar time‐intensity curves (TICs). Each phase is filtered individually using the information of all phases except for the one being filtered. This approach minimizes the bias toward the noise initially present in this phase. Since the 4DSF does not base similarity on spatial proximity, loss of spatial resolution is avoided. The 4DSF was evaluated on a 12‐phase liver dynamic CT angiography acquisition of 52 digital anthropomorphic phantoms, each containing one hypervascular 1 cm lesion with a small necrotic core. The metrics used for evaluation were noise reduction, lesion contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR), CT number accuracy using peak‐time and peak‐intensity of the TICs, and resolution loss. The results were compared to those obtained by the time‐intensity profile similarity (TIPS) filter, which uses the whole TIC for determining similarity, and the combination 4DSF followed by TIPS filter (4DSF + TIPS).ResultsThe 4DSF alone resulted in a median noise reduction by a factor of 6.8, which is lower than that obtained by the TIPS filter at 8.1, and 4DSF + TIPS at 12.2. The 4DSF increased the median CNR from 0. 44 to 1.85, which is less than the TIPS filter at 2.59 and 4DSF + TIPS at 3.12. However, the peak‐intensity accuracy in the TICs was superior for the 4DSF, with a median intensity decrease of −34 HU compared to −88 and −50 HU for the hepatic artery when using the TIPS filter and 4DSF + TIPS, respectively. The median peak‐time accuracy was inferior for the 4DSF filter and 4DSF + TIPS, with a time shift of −1 phases for the portal vein TIC compared to no shift in time when using the TIPS. The analysis of the full‐width‐at‐half‐maximum (FWHM) of a small artery showed significantly less spatial resolution loss for the 4DSF at 3.2 pixels, compared to the TIPS filter at 4.3 pixels, and 3.4 pixels for the 4DSF + TIPS.ConclusionThe 4DSF can reduce noise with almost no resolution loss, making the filter very suitable for denoising 4D CT data for detection tasks, even in very low dose, i.e., very high noise level, situations. In combination with the TIPS filter, the noise reduction can be increased even further.