bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly‐efficient superstrate Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cell fabricated low‐cost methods
Authors: Berruet M. , Di Iorio Y. , Pereyra C. J. , Marotti R. E. , Vázquez M. 
Published: July 2017

A recent accomplishment in the preparation of a highly efficient thin film solar cell is reported. This superstrate cell is composed of FTO/TiO2/In2S3/Cu2ZnSnS4/graphite. A maximum conversion efficiency of 3.5% has been achieved for the first time using this configuration and materials. The device includes low cost methods and non‐toxic components. Details of the experimental procedures are provided and the device characterization data are presented and analyzed.Left: Current–voltage response of the best cell FTO/TiO2/In2S3/Cu2ZnSnS4/graphite in the dark (dotted line) and under simulated solar irradiation (solid line). Right: Cross‐sectional view of the cell. Inset: Profilometric scan of the device.
Acquisition Motives and the Distribution of Acquisition Performance
Authors: Rabier Maryjane R. 
Published: July 2017

Research summary: I examine how acquisition motives relate to the distribution of post‐acquisition performance. I argue that acquisitions motivated by operating synergies have the potential to experience greater gains than acquisitions driven by financial synergies but are harder to value and implement, making them more uncertain. Using SEC filings, conference calls and press releases to capture acquisition motives, I find that acquirers pursuing operating synergies are more likely to experience highly positive and highly negative long‐term returns than acquirers pursuing financial synergies. I also find that acquisition experience and geographic proximity to targets soften acquirers' extreme downside outcomes in operating synergy acquisitions. My theory and results suggest that approaches that emphasize average outcomes for acquirers and use industry classifications to capture acquisition motives may be incomplete.Managerial summary: Managers engage in acquisitions for various reasons. In this study, I find that reasons related to operating synergies (e.g., revenue growth through new product offerings or cost savings through economies of scale) are more likely to result in extreme high and low performance outcomes for the acquiring firm compared to reasons related to financial synergies (e.g., diversification of cash flow streams). In addition, I find that the acquirer's prior acquisition experience and the geographic proximity between the target and acquirer help soften the extreme low performance outcomes related to operating synergies. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automated analysis of fetal cardiac function using color tissue Doppler imaging
Authors: Herling L. , Johnson J. , Ferm‐Widlund K. , Bergholm F. , Lindgren P. , Sonesson S.‐E. , Acharya G. , Westgren M. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of automated analysis of fetal myocardial velocity recordings obtained by color tissue Doppler imaging (cTDI).MethodsThis was a prospective cross‐sectional observational study of 107 singleton pregnancies ≥ 41 weeks of gestation. Myocardial velocity recordings were obtained by cTDI in a long‐axis four‐chamber view of the fetal heart. Regions of interest were placed in the septum and the right (RV) and left (LV) ventricular walls at the level of the atrioventricular plane. Peak myocardial velocities and mechanical cardiac time intervals were measured both manually and by an automated algorithm and agreement between the two methods was evaluated.ResultsIn total, 321 myocardial velocity traces were analyzed using each method. It was possible to analyze all velocity traces obtained from the LV, RV and septal walls with the automated algorithm, and myocardial velocities and cardiac mechanical time intervals could be measured in 96% of all traces. The same results were obtained when the algorithm was run repeatedly. The myocardial velocities measured using the automated method correlated significantly with those measured manually. The agreement between methods was not consistent and some cTDI parameters had considerable bias and poor precision.ConclusionsAutomated analysis of myocardial velocity recordings obtained by cTDI was feasible, suggesting that this technique could simplify and facilitate the use of cTDI in the evaluation of fetal cardiac function, both in research and in clinical practice. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Association of Elevated Pre‐operative Hemoglobin A1c and Post‐operative Complications in Non‐diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Karimian Negar , Niculiseanu Petru , Amar‐Zifkin Alexandre , Carli Francesco , Feldman Liane S. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractImportancePre‐operative hyperglycemia is associated with post‐operative adverse outcomes in diabetic and non‐diabetic patients. Current pre‐operative screening includes random plasma glucose, yet plasma glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a better measure of long‐term glycemic control. It is not clear whether pre‐operative HbA1c can identify non‐diabetic patients at risk of post‐operative complications.ObjectiveThe systematic review summarizes the evidence pertaining to the association of suboptimal pre‐operative HbA1c on post‐operative outcomes in adult surgical patients with no history of diabetes mellitus.Evidence reviewA detailed search strategy was developed by a librarian to identify all the relevant studies to date from the major online databases.FindingsSix observational studies met all the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Four studies reported a significant association between pre‐operative HbA1c levels and post‐operative complications in non‐diabetic patients. Two studies reported increased post‐operative infection rates, and two reported no difference. Of four studies assessing the length of stay, three did not observe any association with HbA1c level and only one study observed a significant impact. Only one study found higher mortality rates in patients with suboptimal HbA1c.Conclusions and relevanceBased on the limited available evidence, suboptimal pre‐operative HbA1c levels in patients with no prior history of diabetes predict post‐operative complications and represent a potentially modifiable risk factor.
High Expression of Angiopoietin‐1 is Associated with Lymph Node Metastasis and Invasiveness of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Kang Yea Eun , Kim Koon Soon , Park Sung Jae , Jung Seung‐Nam , Chang Jae Won , Yi Shinae , Jung Min Gyu , Kim Jin‐man , Koo Bon Seok 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated the expression of angiopoietins in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and the role of angiopoietins as biomarkers predicting the aggressiveness of PTC.MethodsExpression of angiopoietins was evaluated by immunohistochemistry of tumor specimens from patients with PTC. We demonstrated potential correlations between expression of angiopoietins and clinicopathologic features.ResultsHigh expression of Ang‐1 was positively correlated with a tumor size >1 cm, capsular invasion, extrathyroid extension, lymphovascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, and recurrence (P < 0.05). Moreover, multivariate analysis revealed that high expression of Ang‐1 was an independent risk factor for lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001, odds ratio [OR] = 62.113) and lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.027, OR 4.405). However, there was no significant correlation between Ang‐2 and clinicopathologic features.ConclusionsOur results suggest that Ang‐1 can serve as a valuable prognostic biomarker for lymph node metastasis and invasiveness in patients with PTC.
Elevated Lactate is Independently Associated with Adverse Outcomes Following Hepatectomy
Authors: Lemke Madeline , Karanicolas Paul J. , Habashi Rogeh , Behman Ramy , Coburn Natalie G. , Hanna Sherif S. , Law Calvin H.L. , Hallet Julie 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundArterial lactate is frequently monitored to indicate tissue hypoxia and direct therapy. We sought to determine whether early post‐hepatectomy lactate (PHL) is associated with adverse outcomes and define factors associated with PHL.MethodsHepatectomy patients at a single institution from 2003 to 2012 with PHL available were included. Univariable and multivariable analyses examined factors associated with PHL and the relationship between PHL and 30‐day major morbidity (Clavien grade III–V), 90‐day mortality, and length of stay (LOS).ResultsOf 749 hepatectomies, 490 were included of whom 71.4% had elevated PHL (≥2 mmol/L). Cirrhosis (coefficient 0.31, p = 0.039), Charlson comorbidity index (coefficient 0.05, p < 0.001), major resections (coefficient 0.34, p < 0.001), procedure time (coefficient 0.08, p < 0.001), and blood loss (coefficient 0.11, p < 0.001) were associated with PHL. As lactate increased from <2 to ≥6 mmol/L, morbidity rose from 11.6 to 40.6%, and mortality from 0.7 to 22.7%. PHL was independently associated with 90‐day mortality (OR 1.52 p < 0.001) and 30‐day morbidity (OR 1.19, p = 0.002), but not LOS (rate ratio 1.03, p = 0.071).ConclusionPatients with elevated PHL in the initial postoperative period should be carefully monitored due to increased risk of major morbidity and mortality. Further research on the impact of lactate‐directed fluid therapy is warranted.
A Walk in the Woods
Authors: Kirakosian Katie , Bauer-Clapp Heidi 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTDue to various factors, physical archives of archaeological significance are inconsistent in terms of level of organization and ability to access. In addition, while well-versed in archaeological theory and method, archaeologists are seldom trained in archival theory and method. These factors make it challenging for archaeologists to utilize archival records. Given some unique parallels between archival records and the archaeological record, the authors suggest that archaeological field training can, in fact, serve archaeologists quite well when conducting archival research. While this article focuses mainly on primary sources in physical archives, some discussion of digital archives is included here as well.
Land Rights at the Time of Global Production: Leveraging Multi-Spatiality and ‘Legal Chokeholds’
Authors: FERRANDO Tomaso 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis article utilizes the struggles for land rights associated to two sugar cane investments in Cambodia to reflect on the interactions between the multi-territoriality of supply chain capitalism and the multiplication of local spaces of legal intervention. With a combination of legal institutionalism, critical geography and value chains analysis, the article engages with value chains as the new space and form of the global system of production and looks at the theoretical and practical implications that derive from delocalization, outsourcing and the establishment of transnational networks that cut across boundaries and jurisdictions. After discussing the human rights impact of large-scale sugar production in the Koh-Kong region, the article introduces a critical legal chain approach to unpack and make visible the material and legal threads that connect Cambodia with multiple geographies around the world. In its last part, it utilizes the multi-territorial character of production to map its complexity and introduce the notion of ‘legal chokeholds’. These are legal structures and spaces of intervention that can be leveraged by human rights scholars, activists and other actors interested in re-defining the way in which rights, bargaining power and value are distributed through the chain of production. The violations and possible defence of the land rights that occurred in Cambodia are thus presented as output of non-linear interactions between legal and non-legal elements that operate at a distance, often unaware of each other.
Gulliver Untied: Entry Deterrence Under Unipolarity
Authors: Gowa Joanne , Ramsay Kristopher W. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThat the anarchic system generates incentives for states to balance each other's power is conventional wisdom in international relations. As such, the contemporary unipolar system is an anomaly. Observers explain its existence in several ways, including the benevolence of US hegemony and the constraints international institutions impose on the exercise of US power. None of them, however, explain what is perhaps the most puzzling outcome of the Soviet collapse: the decision of the United States to maintain its level of military spending. To explain its choice, we extend the seminal argument Waltz advanced long ago to a dynamic setting. Using a simple model, we show that the interest of the unipole in deterring a challenge to its power can induce it to continue to invest in guns rather than to shift its resources to the production of butter. This strategy can enable the incumbent unipole to pre-empt the balancing process that has long been thought to be central to state survival under anarchy.
Effectiveness of patching traumatic eardrum perforations with lens cleaning paper via an otoscope
Authors: Yan K , Lv M , Xu E , Fan F , Lei Y , Liu W , Yu X , Li N , Shi L 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjective:To study the clinical effect of lens cleaning paper patching on traumatic eardrum perforations.Methods:A total of 122 patients were divided into 2 groups, of which 56 patients were treated with lens cleaning paper patching and 66 acted as controls. The closure rate and healing time were compared between the two groups.Results:The healing rate of small perforations was 96.4 per cent (27 out of 28) in the patching group and 90 per cent (27 out of 30) in the control group. The difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The healing rate of large perforations was 89.3 per cent (25 out of 28) and 80.6 per cent (29 out of 36) in the two groups, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The healing time of large perforations was shorter in the patching group than in the control group (p < 0.01).Conclusion:Patching with lens cleaning paper under an endoscope can accelerate the closure of large traumatic eardrum perforations.
Suicide following acute admissions for physical illnesses across England and Wales
Authors: Roberts S. E. , John A. , Kandalama U. , Williams J. G. , Lyons R. A. , Lloyd K. 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundThe study aim was to establish and quantify suicide risk following acute admissions for all major physical illnesses, for confirmatory purposes, from two independent information sources from different countries.MethodsRecord linkage of inpatient and death certificate data for 11 004 389 acute admissions for physical illnesses in England and 713 496 in Wales. The main outcome measure was standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) for suicide at 1 year following discharge from hospital.ResultsThere were 1781 suicides within 1 year of discharge in England (SMR = 1.7; 95% = 1.6–1.8) and 131 in Wales (SMR = 2.0; 1.7–2.3). Of 48 major physical illnesses that were associated with at least eight suicides in either country, there was high consistent suicide mortality (significant SMR >3) in both countries for constipation (SMR = 4.1 in England, 7.5 in Wales), gastritis (4.4 and 4.9) and upper gastrointestinal bleeding (3.4 and 4.5). There was high suicide mortality in one country for alcoholic liver disease, other liver disease and chronic pancreatitis; for epilepsy and Parkinson's disease; for diabetes, hypoglycaemia and hypo-osmolality & hyponatraemia; and for pneumonia, back pain and urinary tract infections.ConclusionsThere is little or no increased suicide mortality following acute admissions for most physical illnesses. Much of the increased suicide mortality relates to gastrointestinal disorders that are often alcohol related or specific chronic conditions, which may be linked to side effects from certain therapeutic medications. Acute hospital admissions for physical illnesses may therefore provide an opportunity for targeted suicide prevention among people with certain conditions, particularly alcohol related disorders.
Overlapping and disease specific trait, response, and reflection impulsivity in adolescents with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Jepsen J. R. M. , Rydkjaer J. , Fagerlund B. , Pagsberg A. K. , Jespersen R. av F. , Glenthøj B. Y. , Oranje B. 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundSchizophrenia and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are developmental disorders with shared clinical characteristics such as cognitive impairments and impulsivity. Impulsivity is a core feature of ADHD and an important factor in aggression, violence, and substance use in schizophrenia. Based on the hypothesis that schizophrenia and ADHD represent a continuum of neurodevelopmental impairments, the aim was to identify overlapping and disease specific forms of impulsivity.MethodsAdolescents between 12 and 17 years of age were assessed with the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-aged Children – Present and Lifetime Version. Subjects with early-onset, first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders (EOS) (N = 29) or ADHD (N = 29) and healthy controls (N = 45) were compared on two performance measures (Information Sampling Task, Stop Signal Task) and a subjective personality trait measure of impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, Version 11 (BIS-11)).ResultsSignificantly increased reflection impulsivity was observed in ADHD but not in the EOS group. No significant response inhibition deficits (stop signal reaction time) were found in the two clinical groups. The ADHD and the EOS group showed significantly increased motor, attentional, and non-planning subtraits of impulsivity.ConclusionsImpaired pre-decisional information gathering appeared to be specific for ADHD while the information gathering was not significantly reduced in subjects with EOS. Neither the ADHD nor EOS group showed impaired response inhibition but shared increased personality subtraits of attentional, non-planning, and motor impulsivity although the latter was significantly more pronounced in ADHD. These increased subtraits of impulsivity may reflect diagnostic non-specific neurodevelopmental impairments in ADHD and EOS in adolescence.
On the subject matter of International Relations
Authors: Albert Mathias , Buzan Barry 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis article deals with the subject matter of International Relations as an academic discipline. It addresses the issue of whether and how one or many realms could legitimately be claimed as the discipline’s prime subject. It first raises a number of problems associated with both identifying the subject matter of IR and ‘labelling’ the discipline in relation to competing terms and disciplines, followed by a discussion on whether, and to what degree, IR takes its identity from a confluence of disciplinary traditions or from a distinct methodology. It then outlines two possibilities that would lead to identifying IR as a discipline defined by a specific realm in distinction to other disciplines: (1) the ‘international’ as a specificrealmof the social world, functionally differentiated from other realms; (2) IR as being about everything in the social world above a particularscale. The final section discusses the implications of these views for the study of International Relations.
Impact of a dam on wintering waterbirds’ habitat use
Authors: ZENG QING , LU CAI , LI GANG , GUO ZHI-BIAO , WEN LI , LEI GUANG-CHUN 
Published: July 2017

SUMMARYThe degradation, alteration and depletion of riparian habitats caused by river regulation are among critical conservation concerns. Aquatic and riparian habitats support not only river-dwelling biota such as macroinvertebrates and fish, but also waterbirds, the top predators in the aquatic food web. Despite the intimate relationships between fish and waterbirds, the two groups are often investigated separately. Using an integrative approach, we examined the effects of dams on fish and scaly-sided merganser (Mergus squamatus), an endangered, iconic riverine species, where the lack of knowledge about habitat preferences greatly hampers long-term conservation efforts. Our analysis quantified three causal links: (1) water depth had direct, comparable, negative effects on both fish and waterbirds, and the path coefficients for fish and birds are –0.31 and –0.46, respectively; (2) river landscape heterogeneity directly and positively affected fish and waterbirds, and the path coefficients for fish and birds are 0.63 and 0.19, respectively; and (3) depth and river landscape also exerted indirect effects on waterbirds through their impacts on fish abundance, and the path coefficients for fish and birds are –0.15 and 0.28, respectively. Our findings could contribute to the rational spatial planning and sustainable operation of dams in that maintaining instream habitat availability and heterogeneity would benefit the whole riverine ecosystem.
Mental health difficulties and academic attainment: Evidence for gender-specific developmental cascades in middle childhood
Authors: Panayiotou Margarita , Humphrey Neil 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe present a developmental cascade model of the longitudinal relationships between internalizing symptoms, externalizing problems, and academic performance in middle childhood, utilizing a large sample (N = 1,771) from the United Kingdom in a 3-year, cross-lag design. Three hypotheses were tested: adjustment erosion, academic incompetence, and (cumulative) shared risk. In addition, we sought to examine whether developmental cascade pathways varied across gender, while also statistically exploring indirect, mediation pathways. Structural equation models that accounted for within-time covariance, data nesting, and temporal stability provided evidence of gender-specific effects as follows: externalizing-attainment adjustment erosion pathways were found only in boys, while attainment-internalizing/externalizing academic incompetence pathways were found only in girls. Analysis of mediation pathways provided further support for these gender-specific longitudinal profiles. Protective longitudinal internalizing-externalizing and externalizing-internalizing pathways were found for both boys and girls. Finally, while it improved model fit for both genders, the influence of cumulative shared risk on the aforementioned pathways was relatively meager, substantively affecting only one (externalizing-attainment adjustment erosion pathway in boys). The implications of these findings are discussed, and study limitations noted.
A TALE OF TWO HARTS: THE PARADOX IN ESSAYS ON BENTHAM
Authors: Swaminathan Shivprasad 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper hypothesizes that the paradox Hart confesses to in Ch. X of Essays on Bentham was the result of metaethical ambivalence. Hart eclectically yokes together metaethically incompatible elements from two disparate models of “normativity of law” with different sources of normativity: the impinging model based on a cognitivist metaethic and the projectivist model based on a noncognitivist metaethic. The “sources” of normativity in the two models are different. On the impinging model the source of normativity is a reason-giving objective moral requirement, and on the projectivist model, the source of normativity is a motivationally affective conative attitude. The metaethical configuration of the rule of recognition in Essays on Bentham constrained Hart to postulate a “source” of normativity metaethically congruous with the impinging model. However, the “source” of normativity Hart seemed keen to advance—he makes an “attitude” the source of normativity—was only congruous with the projectivist model.