bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetopause erosion during the 17 March 2015 magnetic storm: Combined field‐aligned currents, auroral oval, and magnetopause observations
Authors: Le G. , Lühr H. , Anderson B. J. , Strangeway R. J. , Russell C. T. , Singer H. , Slavin J. A. , Zhang Y. , Huang T. , Bromund K. , Chi P. J. , Lu G. , Fischer D. , Kepko E. L. , Leinweber H. K. , Magnes W. , Nakamura R. , Plaschke F. , Park J. , Rauberg J. , Stolle C. , Torbert R. B. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe present multimission observations of field‐aligned currents, auroral oval, and magnetopause crossings during the 17 March 2015 magnetic storm. Dayside reconnection is expected to transport magnetic flux, strengthen field‐aligned currents, lead to polar cap expansion and magnetopause erosion. Our multimission observations assemble evidence for all these manifestations. After a prolonged period of strongly southward interplanetary magnetic field, Swarm and AMPERE observe significant intensification of field‐aligned currents. The dayside auroral oval, as seen by DMSP, appears as a thin arc associated with ongoing dayside reconnection. Both the field‐aligned currents and the auroral arc move equatorward reaching as low as ~60° magnetic latitude. Strong magnetopause erosion is evident in the in situ measurements of the magnetopause crossings by GOES 13/15 and MMS. The coordinated Swarm, AMPERE, DMSP, MMS and GOES observations, with both global and in situ coverage of the key regions, provide a clear demonstration of the effects of dayside reconnection on the entire magnetosphere.
Understanding the growth rate patterns of ion Bernstein instabilities driven by ring‐like proton velocity distributions
Authors: Min Kyungguk , Liu Kaijun 
Published: March 2016

AbstractFast magnetosonic waves in Earth's inner magnetosphere, which have as their source ion Bernstein instabilities, are driven by hot proton velocity distributions (fp) with ∂fp(v⊥)/∂v⊥>0. Two typical types of distributions with such features are ring and shell velocity distributions. Both have been used in studies of ion Bernstein instabilities and fast magnetosonic waves, but the differences between instabilities driven by the two types of distributions have not been thoroughly addressed. The present study uses linear kinetic theory to examine and understand these differences. It is found that the growth rate pattern is primarily determined by the cyclotron resonance condition and the structure of the velocity distribution in gyroaveraged velocity space. For ring‐driven Bernstein instabilities, as the parallel wave number (k∥) increases, the discrete unstable modes approximately follow the corresponding proton cyclotron harmonic frequencies while they become broader in frequency space. At sufficiently large k∥, the neighboring discrete modes merge into a continuum. In contrast, for shell‐driven Bernstein instabilities, the curved geometry of the shell velocity distribution in gyroaveraged velocity space results in a complex alternating pattern of growth and damping rates in frequency and wave number space and confines the unstable Bernstein modes to relatively small k∥. In addition, when k∥ increases, the unstable modes are no longer limited to the proton cyclotron harmonic frequencies. The local growth rate peak near an exact harmonic at small k∥ bifurcates into two local peaks on both sides of the harmonic when k∥ becomes large.
The influence of loading conditions on fracture initiation, propagation, and interaction in rocks with veins: Results from a comparative Discrete Element Method study
Authors: Virgo Simon , Abe Steffen , Urai Janos L. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe present the results of a comparative study of loading conditions on the interactions between extension fractures and veins. We model the fracture behavior of brittle discrete element materials each containing a tabular vein body of variable orientation and strength in two different loading conditions. The first is uniaxial tension, applied with servo‐controlled sidewalls. The second is a boudinage boundary condition in which a tensile triaxial stress state is induced in the brittle model volume by quasi‐viscous extensional deformation in the adjacent layers. Most of the fracture‐ vein interactions observed in uniaxial tension also exists in boudinage boundary conditions. However, the importance of each interaction mechanism for a given configuration of relative strength and misorientation of the vein may differ according to the loading mechanism. Nucleation and internal deflection is under both boundary conditions the dominating fracture‐vein interaction style in weak veins. In uniaxial tension models, strong veins tend to alter the fracture path by external deflection, while under boudinage loading these veins are more likely overcome by the fracture step over mechanism. Dynamic bifurcation of fractures was observed in uniaxial tension models but never for boudinage boundary conditions. This is because the acceleration of fracture tips in these conditions is suppressed by interaction with distributed fractures as well as viscous damping by the neighboring layers.
Smoking‐Related Mortality in Patients With Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink
Authors: Joseph Rebecca M. , Movahedi Mohammad , Dixon William G. , Symmons Deborah P. M. 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between smoking status and smoking cessation with mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsAn incident cohort of patients with RA was identified using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, a database of UK primary care electronic medical records. Time‐varying smoking status, years of cessation, and amount smoked were determined from patients' medical records. The date and underlying cause of death were identified by linkage with Office for National Statistics records. The associations between smoking status and smoking cessation with all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality (circulatory disease, all cancers, lung cancer, respiratory disease, and respiratory infection) were investigated using adjusted Cox (all‐cause mortality) and Fine‐Gray (cause‐specific mortality) regression.ResultsThe cohort comprised 5,677 patients (median age 61.4 years, 68% women), with 40% as never smokers, 34% former smokers, and 26% current smokers at baseline. Compared to never smoking, current smoking was associated with an increased risk of all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.98 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.56, 2.53]), and mortality due to circulatory disease (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR] 1.96 [95% CI 1.33, 2.90]) and lung cancer (SHR 23.2 [95% CI 5.15, 105]). Each year of smoking cessation was associated with a decreased risk of all‐cause mortality (former heavy smokers SHR 0.85 [95% CI 0.77, 0.94], former light smokers SHR 0.90 [95% CI 0.84, 0.97]).ConclusionCurrent smoking is associated with an increased risk of all‐cause, cardiovascular, and lung cancer mortality in patients with RA. Each year of cessation is associated with a reduced risk of all‐cause mortality. This information may prove helpful in smoking cessation programs for patients with RA.
Palladium‐Catalyzed C‐7 Selective CH Carbonylation of Indolines for Expedient Synthesis of Pyrroloquinazolinediones
Authors: Wang Pei‐Long , Li Yan , Ma Lan , Luo Chen‐Guang , Wang Zhen‐Yu , Lan Quan , Wang Xi‐Sheng 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA novel palladium‐catalyzed C‐7 selective CH carbonylation of indolines with carbon monoxide for an expedient synthesis of pyrroloquinazolinediones, a structural motif with great potential in biologically active compounds, has been developed. Oxidation of the pyrroloquinazolinedione with 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐p‐benzoquinone (DDQ) could easily afford the corresponding indole‐based derivative in excellent yield.magnified image
Palladium‐Catalyzed Remote ortho‐CH Alkenylation of Alkyl Aryl Sulfones: Access to Densely Functionalized Indane Derivatives
Authors: Legarda Pablo D. , García‐Rubia Alfonso , Gómez Arrayás Ramón , Carretero Juan C. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA practical method for the palladium‐catalyzed ortho‐olefination of benzyl and phenethyl 2‐pyridyl sulfones with electron‐deficient alkenes using N‐fluoro‐2,4,6‐trimethylpyridinium triflate ([F+]) as the terminal oxidant is described. The chelating auxiliary (2‐pyridyl)sulfonyl unit was demonstrated to be the key to the success of this reaction, which occurs efficiently with excellent regioselectivity and monosubstitution selectivity. A variety of steric and electronic changes to both coupling partners is tolerated, including substitution at the benzylic position of the sulfone compound. Furthermore, no appreciable loss of enantiopurity is observed when using non‐racemic substrates. This method provides access to indane derivatives holding three contiguous stereogenic centers with high diastereocontrol. The indane framework was constructed by intramolecular Michael addition of the α‐sulfonyl carbanion to the electrophilic alkene.magnified image
Asymmetric Total Synthesis and Structural Elucidation of Unusual Oxindole Alkaloid Leucolusine
Authors: Pandey Ganesh , Khamrai Jagadish 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe total synthesis of both diastereomers of the unusual tetracyclic ring‐opened oxindole alkaloid leucolusine is described. The absolute configuration of the natural leucolusine at the C3 center of the oxindole ring is established by diastereoselective synthesis. Key steps of the synthesis include the synthesis of the piperidine‐tetrahydrofuran moiety and construction of leucolusine via N‐alkylation of the octahydrofuro[2,3‐b]pyridine ring.
Successful enrichment and recovery of whole mitochondrial genomes from ancient human dental calculus
Authors: Ozga Andrew T. , Nieves‐Colón Maria A. , Honap Tanvi P. , Sankaranarayanan Krithivasan , Hofman Courtney A. , Milner George R. , Lewis Cecil M. , Stone Anne C. , Warinner Christina 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTObjectivesArchaeological dental calculus is a rich source of host‐associated biomolecules. Importantly, however, dental calculus is more accurately described as a calcified microbial biofilm than a host tissue. As such, concerns regarding destructive analysis of human remains may not apply as strongly to dental calculus, opening the possibility of obtaining human health and ancestry information from dental calculus in cases where destructive analysis of conventional skeletal remains is not permitted. Here we investigate the preservation of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in archaeological dental calculus and its potential for full mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) reconstruction in maternal lineage ancestry analysis.Materials and MethodsExtracted DNA from six individuals at the 700‐year‐old Norris Farms #36 cemetery in Illinois was enriched for mtDNA using in‐solution capture techniques, followed by Illumina high‐throughput sequencing.ResultsFull mitogenomes (7–34×) were successfully reconstructed from dental calculus for all six individuals, including three individuals who had previously tested negative for DNA preservation in bone using conventional PCR techniques. Mitochondrial haplogroup assignments were consistent with previously published findings, and additional comparative analysis of paired dental calculus and dentine from two individuals yielded equivalent haplotype results. All dental calculus samples exhibited damage patterns consistent with ancient DNA, and mitochondrial sequences were estimated to be 92–100% endogenous. DNA polymerase choice was found to impact error rates in downstream sequence analysis, but these effects can be mitigated by greater sequencing depth.DiscussionDental calculus is a viable alternative source of human DNA that can be used to reconstruct full mitogenomes from archaeological remains. Am J Phys Anthropol 160:220–228, 2016. © 2016 The Authors American Journal of Physical Anthropology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
RESOLVE: bioabsorbable steroid‐eluting sinus implants for in‐office treatment of recurrent sinonasal polyposis after sinus surgery: 6‐month outcomes from a randomized, controlled, blinded study
Authors: Forwith Keith D. , Han Joseph K. , Stolovitzky J. Pablo , Yen David M. , Chandra Rakesh K. , Karanfilov Boris , Matheny Keith E. , Stambaugh James W. , Gawlicka Anna K. 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundPatients with recurrent sinonasal polyposis after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) have limited treatment options. Safety and efficacy were previously reported for a bioabsorbable sinus implant that elutes mometasone furoate for 3 months. Here we summarize longer‐term outcomes.MethodsA randomized, controlled, blinded study with 100 chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) patients who failed medical treatment and were considered candidates for revision ESS. Treated patients (n = 57) underwent in‐office implant placement. Control patients (n = 43) underwent a sham procedure. Endoscopic grading at 3 months by clinicians was corroborated by an independent review of randomized videoendoscopies by a panel of 3 sinus surgeons. Six‐month follow‐up included endoscopic grading and patient‐reported outcomes.ResultsAt 6 months, treated patients experienced significant improvement in Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) score (p = 0.021) and >2‐fold improvement in mean nasal obstruction/congestion score (−1.06 ± 1.4 vs −0.44 ± 1.4; p = 0.124). Endoscopically, treated patients experienced significant reduction in ethmoid sinus obstruction (p < 0.001) and bilateral polyp grade (p = 0.018) compared to controls. Panel review confirmed a significant reduction in ethmoid sinus obstruction (p = 0.010) and 2‐fold improvement in bilateral polyp grade (p = 0.099), which reached statistical significance (p = 0.049) in a subset of 67 patients with baseline polyp burden ≥2 bilaterally. At 6 months, control patients were at 3.6 times higher risk of remaining indicated for ESS than treated patients.ConclusionThe symptomatic and endoscopic improvements observed confirm the efficacy of the steroid‐eluting implant for in‐office treatment of CRSwNP after ESS. These longer‐term 6‐month study results demonstrate that the steroid‐eluting implant represents a durable, safe, and effective treatment strategy for this patient population.
Mutations in MME cause an autosomal‐recessive Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 2
Authors: Higuchi Yujiro , Hashiguchi Akihiro , Yuan Junhui , Yoshimura Akiko , Mitsui Jun , Ishiura Hiroyuki , Tanaka Masaki , Ishihara Satoshi , Tanabe Hajime , Nozuma Satoshi , Okamoto Yuji , Matsuura Eiji , Ohkubo Ryuichi , Inamizu Saeko , Shiraishi Wataru , Yamasaki Ryo , Ohyagi Yasumasa , Kira Jun‐ichi , Oya Yasushi , Yabe Hayato , Nishikawa Noriko , Tobisawa Shinsuke , Matsuda Nozomu , Masuda Masayuki , Kugimoto Chiharu , Fukushima Kazuhiro , Yano Satoshi , Yoshimura Jun , Doi Koichiro , Nakagawa Masanori , Morishita Shinichi , Tsuji Shoji , Takashima Hiroshi 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to identify new causes of Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) disease in patients with autosomal‐recessive (AR) CMT.MethodsTo efficiently identify novel causative genes for AR‐CMT, we analyzed 303 unrelated Japanese patients with CMT using whole‐exome sequencing and extracted recessive variants/genes shared among multiple patients. We performed mutation screening of the newly identified membrane metalloendopeptidase (MME) gene in 354 additional patients with CMT. We clinically, genetically, pathologically, and radiologically examined 10 patients with the MME mutation.ResultsWe identified recessive mutations in MME in 10 patients. The MME gene encodes neprilysin (NEP), which is well known to be one of the most prominent beta‐amyloid (Aβ)‐degrading enzymes. All patients had a similar phenotype consistent with late‐onset axonal neuropathy. They showed muscle weakness, atrophy, and sensory disturbance in the lower extremities. All the MME mutations could be loss‐of‐function mutations, and we confirmed a lack/decrease of NEP protein expression in a peripheral nerve. No patients showed symptoms of dementia, and 1 patient showed no excess Aβ in Pittsburgh compound‐B positron emission tomography imaging.InterpretationOur results indicate that loss‐of‐function MME mutations are the most frequent cause of adult‐onset AR‐CMT2 in Japan, and we propose that this new disease should be termed AR‐CMT2T. A loss‐of‐function MME mutation did not cause early‐onset Alzheimer's disease. Identifying the MME mutation responsible for AR‐CMT could improve the rate of molecular diagnosis and the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of CMT. Ann Neurol 2016;79:659–672
Targeted Synthesis of Two Super‐Complex Zeolites with Embedded Isoreticular Structures
Authors: Shin Jiho , Xu Hongyi , Seo Seungwan , Guo Peng , Min Jung Gi , Cho Jung , Wright Paul A. , Zou Xiaodong , Hong Suk Bong 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA novel structural coding approach combining structure solution, prediction, and the targeted synthesis of new zeolites with expanding complexity and embedded isoreticular structures was recently proposed. Using this approach, the structures of two new zeolites in the RHO family, PST‐20 and PST‐25, were predicted and synthesized. Herein, by extending this approach, the next two higher generation members of this family, PST‐26 and PST‐28, have been predicted and synthesized. These two zeolites have much larger unit cell volumes (422 655 Å3 and 614 912 Å3, respectively) than those of the lower generations. Their crystallization was confirmed by a combination of both powder X‐ray and electron diffraction techniques. Aluminate and water concentrations in the synthetic mixture were found to be the two most critical factors influencing the structural expansion of embedded isoreticular zeolites under the synthetic conditions studied herein.
Direct Observation of Ordered High‐Spin–Low‐Spin Intermediate States of an Iron(III) Three‐Step Spin‐Crossover Complex
Authors: Li Zhao‐Yang , Ohtsu Hiroyoshi , Kojima Tatsuhiro , Dai Jing‐Wei , Yoshida Takefumi , Breedlove Brian K. , Zhang Wei‐Xiong , Iguchi Hiroaki , Sato Osamu , Kawano Masaki , Yamashita Masahiro 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA neutral mononuclear FeIII complex [FeIII(H‐5‐Br‐thsa‐Me)(5‐Br‐thsa‐Me)]⋅H2O (1; H2‐5‐Br‐thsa‐Me=5‐bromosalicylaldehyde methylthiosemicarbazone) was prepared that exhibited a three‐step spin‐crossover (SCO) with symmetry breaking and a 14 K hysteresis loop owing to strong cooperativity. Two ordered intermediate states of 1 were observed, 4HS–2LS and 2HS–4LS, which exhibited reentrant phase‐transition behavior. This study provides a new platform for examining multistability in SCO complexes.
Elucidation of Adsorbate Structures and Interactions on Brønsted Acid Sites in H‐ZSM‐5 by Synchrotron X‐ray Powder Diffraction
Authors: Lo Benedict T. W. , Ye Lin , Qu Jin , Sun Junliang , Zheng Junlin , Kong Dejing , Murray Claire A. , Tang Chiu C. , Tsang Shik Chi Edman 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMicroporous H‐ZSM‐5 containing one Brønsted acid site per asymmetric unit is deliberately chosen to host pyridine, methanol, and ammonia as guest molecules. By using new‐generation in situ synchrotron X‐ray powder diffraction combined with Rietveld refinement, the slight but significant alteration in scattering parameters of framework atoms modified by the guest molecules enables the user to elucidate their adsorption geometries and interactions with the Brønsted acid sites in H‐ZSM‐5 in terms of atomic distances and angles within experimental errors. The conclusion, although demonstrated in the H‐ZSM‐5, is expected to be transferable to other zeolites. This approach provides a stepping stone towards the rational engineering of molecular interaction(s) with acid sites in zeolitic catalysis.
Kinetisch kontrolliertes, sequenzielles Wachstum von chiralen supramolekularen Copolymeren auf Oberflächen
Authors: Frisch Hendrik , Fritz Eva‐Corinna , Stricker Friedrich , Schmüser Lars , Spitzer Daniel , Weidner Tobias , Ravoo Bart Jan , Besenius Pol 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWir berichten über eine einfache Strategie zur Herstellung supramolekularer Copolymere an Goldoberflächen durch sukzessive Inkubation einer initiatorbeschichteten Oberfläche mit Lösungen aus gegensätzlich geladenen peptidischen Comonomeren. Ein ladungsreguliertes Wachstum des Polymers verlangsamt die Kinetik der Selbstorganisation in dem Maße, dass kinetisch gehemmte Copolymere im nahezu neutralen pH‐Bereich gebildet werden. Auf diese Weise erreichen wir eine Kontrolle der Polymerarchitektur auf drei Ebenen: Die β‐faltblattkodierte Peptidsequenz steuert eine Wachstumsrichtung der Polymere senkrecht zur Oberfläche, die Höhe der supramolekularen Copolymerbürsten wird durch den schrittweisen Aufbau des alternierenden Wachstums bestimmt, und eine Ortsauflösung in zwei Dimensionen wird mithilfe einer Mikrostrukturierung des Initiatormonomers erreicht. Die Programmierbarkeit der Polymerarchitektur ist besonders für die Entwicklung maßgeschneiderter Biomaterialien oder chiraler Grenzflächen für optoelektronische und sensorische Anwendungen von Interesse.
The Impact of Interlayer Electronic Coupling on Charge Transport in Organic Semiconductors: A Case Study on Titanylphthalocyanine Single Crystals
Authors: Zhang Zongpeng , Jiang Lang , Cheng Changli , Zhen Yonggang , Zhao Guangyao , Geng Hua , Yi Yuanping , Li Liqiang , Dong Huanli , Shuai Zhigang , Hu Wenping 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTraditionally, it is believed that three‐dimensional transport networks are preferable to those of lower dimensions. We demonstrate that inter‐layer electronic couplings may result in a drastic decrease of charge mobilities by utilizing field‐effect transistors (FET) based on two phases of titanyl phthalocyanine (TiOPc) crystals. The α‐phase crystals with electronic couplings along two dimensions show a maximum mobility up to 26.8 cm2 V−1 s−1. In sharp contrast, the β‐phase crystals with extra significant inter‐layer electronic couplings show a maximum mobility of only 0.1 cm2 V−1 s−1. Theoretical calculations on the bulk crystals and model slabs reveal that the inter‐layer electronic couplings for the β‐phase devices will diminish remarkably the device charge transport abilities owing to the coupling direction perpendicular to the current direction. This work provides new insights into the impact of the dimensionality and directionality of the packing arrangements on charge transport in organic semiconductors.
Direct Electrophilic (Benzenesulfonyl)Difluoromethylthiolation with a Shelf‐Stable Reagent
Authors: Ismalaj Ermal , Le Bars Didier , Billard Thierry 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe (benzenesulfonyl)difluoromethylsulfanyl (PhSO2CF2S) group is a valuable substituent with specific properties which can provide access to new applications of fluoroalkylthiolated compounds. Direct introduction of this moiety can be performed by in an electrophilic manner by using a new shelf‐stable reagent, namely a (benzenesulfonyl)difluoromethanesulfenamide. Furthermore, mild magnesium‐mediated reduction of the PhSO2CF2S group leads to a facile synthesis of difluoromethylthiolated molecules and their deuterated analogs.