bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-stage plasma-based correlated energy spread compensation for ultrahigh 6D brightness electron beams
Authors: Manahan G. G. , Habib A. F. , Scherkl P. , Delinikolas P. , Beaton A. , Knetsch A. , Karger O. , Wittig G. , Heinemann T. , Sheng Z. M. , Cary J. R. , Bruhwiler D. L. , Rosenzweig J. B. , Hidding B. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPlasma photocathode wakefield acceleration combines energy gains of tens of GeV m−1 with generation of ultralow emittance electron bunches, and opens a path towards 5D-brightness orders of magnitude larger than state-of-the-art. This holds great promise for compact accelerator building blocks and advanced light sources. However, an intrinsic by-product of the enormous electric field gradients inherent to plasma accelerators is substantial correlated energy spread—an obstacle for key applications such as free-electron-lasers. Here we show that by releasing an additional tailored escort electron beam at a later phase of the acceleration, when the witness bunch is relativistically stable, the plasma wave can be locally overloaded without compromising the witness bunch normalized emittance. This reverses the effective accelerating gradient, and counter-rotates the accumulated negative longitudinal phase space chirp of the witness bunch. Thereby, the energy spread is reduced by an order of magnitude, thus enabling the production of ultrahigh 6D-brightness beams.
Synergistic cooperation promotes multicellular performance and unicellular free-rider persistence
Authors: Driscoll William W , Travisano Michael 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe evolution of multicellular life requires cooperation among cells, which can be undermined by intra-group selection for selfishness. Theory predicts that selection to avoid non-cooperators limits social interactions among non-relatives, yet previous evolution experiments suggest that intra-group conflict is an outcome, rather than a driver, of incipient multicellular life cycles. Here we report the evolution of multicellularity via two distinct mechanisms of group formation in the unicellular budding yeast Kluyveromyces lactis. Cells remain permanently attached following mitosis, giving rise to clonal clusters (staying together); clusters then reversibly assemble into social groups (coming together). Coming together amplifies the benefits of multicellularity and allows social clusters to collectively outperform solitary clusters. However, cooperation among non-relatives also permits fast-growing unicellular lineages to ‘free-ride’ during selection for increased size. Cooperation and competition for the benefits of multicellularity promote the stable coexistence of unicellular and multicellular genotypes, underscoring the importance of social and ecological context during the transition to multicellularity.
Hafnium—an optical hydrogen sensor spanning six orders in pressure
Authors: Boelsma C. , Bannenberg L. J. , van Setten M. J. , Steinke N.-J. , van Well A. A. , Dam B. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHydrogen detection is essential for its implementation as an energy vector. So far, palladium is considered to be the most effective hydrogen sensing material. Here we show that palladium-capped hafnium thin films show a highly reproducible change in optical transmission in response to a hydrogen exposure ranging over six orders of magnitude in pressure. The optical signal is hysteresis-free within this range, which includes a transition between two structural phases. A temperature change results in a uniform shift of the optical signal. This, to our knowledge unique, feature facilitates the sensor calibration and suggests a constant hydrogenation enthalpy. In addition, it suggests an anomalously steep increase of the entropy with the hydrogen/metal ratio that cannot be explained on the basis of a classical solid solution model. The optical behaviour as a function of its hydrogen content makes hafnium well-suited for use as a hydrogen detection material.
The contribution of pathogenic variants in breast cancer susceptibility genes to familial breast cancer risk
Authors: Slavin Thomas P. , Maxwell Kara N. , Lilyquist Jenna , Vijai Joseph , Neuhausen Susan L. , Hart Steven N. , Ravichandran Vignesh , Thomas Tinu , Maria Ann , Villano Danylo , Schrader Kasmintan A. , Moore Raymond , Hu Chunling , Wubbenhorst Bradley , Wenz Brandon M. , D’Andrea Kurt , Robson Mark E. , Peterlongo Paolo , Bonanni Bernardo , Ford James M. , Garber Judy E. , Domchek Susan M. , Szabo Csilla , Offit Kenneth , Nathanson Katherine L. , Weitzel Jeffrey N. , Couch Fergus J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the gene-specific risks for development of breast cancer will lead to improved clinical care for those carrying germline mutations in cancer predisposition genes. We sought to detail the spectrum of mutations and refine risk estimates for known and proposed breast cancer susceptibility genes. Targeted massively-parallel sequencing was performed to identify mutations and copy number variants in 26 known or proposed breast cancer susceptibility genes in 2134BRCA1/2-negative women with familial breast cancer (proband with breast cancer and a family history of breast or ovarian cancer) from a largely European–Caucasian multi-institutional cohort. Case–control analysis was performed comparing the frequency of internally classified mutations identified in familial breast cancer women to Exome Aggregation Consortium controls. Mutations were identified in 8.2% of familial breast cancer women, including mutations in high-risk (odds ratio > 5) (1.4%) and moderate-risk genes (2 < odds ratio < 5) (2.9%). The remaining familial breast cancer women had mutations in proposed breast cancer genes (1.7%), Lynch syndrome genes (0.5%), and six cases had two mutations (0.3%). Case–control analysis demonstrated associations with familial breast cancer forATM, PALB2, andTP53mutations (odds ratio > 3.0,p < 10−4),BARD1mutations (odds ratio = 3.2,p = 0.012), andCHEK2truncating mutations (odds ratio = 1.6,p = 0.041). Our results demonstrate that approximately 4.7% ofBRCA1/2negative familial breast cancer women have mutations in genes statistically associated with breast cancer. We classifiedPALB2andTP53as high-risk,ATMandBARD1as moderate risk, andCHEK2truncating mutations as low risk breast cancer predisposition genes. This study demonstrates that large case–control studies are needed to fully evaluate the breast cancer risks associated with mutations in moderate-risk and proposed susceptibility genes.
Private quantum computation: an introduction to blind quantum computing and related protocols
Authors: Fitzsimons Joseph F. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractQuantum technologies hold the promise of not only faster algorithmic processing of data, via quantum computation, but also of more secure communications, in the form of quantum cryptography. In recent years, a number of protocols have emerged which seek to marry these concepts for the purpose of securing computation rather than communication. These protocols address the task of securely delegating quantum computation to an untrusted device while maintaining the privacy, and in some instances the integrity, of the computation. We present a review of the progress to date in this emerging area.
Random electric field instabilities of relaxor ferroelectrics
Authors: Arce-Gamboa José R. , Guzmán-Verri Gian G. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRelaxor ferroelectrics are complex oxide materials which are rather unique to study the effects of compositional disorder on phase transitions. Here, we study the effects of quenched cubic random electric fields on the lattice instabilities that lead to a ferroelectric transition and show that, within a microscopic model and a statistical mechanical solution, even weak compositional disorder can prohibit the development of long-range order and that a random field state with anisotropic and power-law correlations of polarization emerges from the combined effect of their characteristic dipole forces and their inherent charge disorder. We compare and reproduce several key experimental observations in the well-studied relaxor PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3–PbTiO3.
A multiscale model of early cell lineage specification including cell division
Authors: Tosenberger Alen , Gonze Didier , Bessonnard Sylvain , Cohen-Tannoudji Michel , Chazaud Claire , Dupont Geneviève 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEmbryonic development is a self-organised process during which cells divide, interact, change fate according to a complex gene regulatory network and organise themselves in a three-dimensional space. Here, we model this complex dynamic phenomenon in the context of the acquisition of epiblast and primitive endoderm identities within the inner cell mass of the preimplantation embryo in the mouse. The multiscale model describes cell division and interactions between cells, as well as biochemical reactions inside each individual cell and in the extracellular matrix. The computational results first confirm that the previously proposed mechanism by which extra-cellular signalling allows cells to select the appropriate fate in a tristable regulatory network is robust when considering a realistic framework involving cell division and three-dimensional interactions. The simulations recapitulate a variety of in vivo observations on wild-type and mutant embryos and suggest that the gene regulatory network confers differential plasticity to the different cell fates. A detailed analysis of the specification process emphasizes that developmental transitions and the salt-and-pepper patterning of epiblast and primitive endoderm cells from a homogenous population of inner cell mass cells arise from the interplay between the internal gene regulatory network and extracellular signalling by Fgf4. Importantly, noise is necessary to create some initial heterogeneity in the specification process. The simulations suggest that initial cell-to-cell differences originating from slight inhomogeneities in extracellular Fgf4 signalling, in possible combination with slightly different concentrations of the key transcription factors between daughter cells, are able to break the original symmetry and are amplified in a flexible and self-regulated manner until the blastocyst stage.
An aromatic noble-gas hydride: C6H5CCXeH
Authors: Duarte Luís , Khriachtchev Leonid 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe report on the aromatic noble-gas hydride, C6H5CCXeH, identified in a xenon matrix using infrared spectroscopy and extensive quantum chemical calculations. This molecule is prepared by 250-nm photolysis of phenylacetylene (C6H5CCH) isolated in a xenon matrix and subsequent thermal mobilization of hydrogen atoms at about 40 K. The characteristic H–Xe stretching mode of C6H5CCXeH is observed at about 1500 cm−1, and a number of other fundamentals also appear in the experimental spectra. The assignment is supported by deuteration experiments providing predictable shifts of the vibrational frequencies. The experimental and calculated spectra are in a good agreement. C6H5CCXeH is computationally lower in energy than the C6H5CC + Xe + H fragments by about 0.60 eV at the M06-2X/aug-cc-pVTZ-PP level of theory, which allows its formation at low temperatures. C6H5CCXeH is the first aromatic noble-gas hydride and the first halogen-free aromatic noble-gas compound.
Transcriptome sequencing identifies ANLN as a promising prognostic biomarker in bladder urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Zeng Shuxiong , Yu Xiaowen , Ma Chong , Song Ruixiang , Zhang Zhensheng , Zi Xiaoyuan , Chen Xin , Wang Yang , Yu Yongwei , Zhao Junjie , Wei Rongchao , Sun Yinghao , Xu Chuanliang 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe prognosis of bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) varies greatly even for patients with similar pathological characteristics. We conducted transcriptome sequencing on ten pairs of BLCA samples and adjacent normal tissues to identify differentially expressed genes. Anillin (ANLN) was identified as a transcript that was significantly up-regulated in BLCA samples compared with normal tissues. Prognostic power of candidate gene was studied using qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry on 40 and 209 patients, respectively. Patients with elevated ANLN expression level was correlated with poorer cancer-specific (median, 22.4 vs. 37.3 months, p = 0.001), progression-free (median, 19.7 vs. 27.9 months, p = 0.001) and recurrence-free survival (median, 17.1 vs. 25.2 months, p = 0.011) compared with low ANLN expression. Public datasets TCGA and NCBI-GEO were analyzed for external validation. Knockdown of ANLN in J82 and 5637 cells using small interfering RNA significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion ability. Moreover, knockdown of ANLN resulted in G2/M phase arrest and decreased expression of cyclin B1 and D1. Microarray analysis suggested that ANLN played a major role in cell migration and was closely associated with several cancer-related signaling pathways. In conclusion, ANLN was identified as a promising prognostic biomarker which could be used to stratify different risks of BLCA.
Synthesis, Chemical Characterization and Multiscale Biological Evaluation of a Dimeric-cRGD Peptide for Targeted Imaging of α

V

β
3 Integrin Activity
Authors: Hedhli Jamila , Czerwinski Andrzej , Schuelke Matthew , Płoska Agata , Sowinski Paweł , Hood Lukas La , Mamer Spencer B. , Cole John A. , Czaplewska Paulina , Banach Maciej , Dobrucki Iwona T. , Kalinowski Leszek , Imoukhuede Princess , Dobrucki Lawrence W. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCyclic peptides containing the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence have been shown to specifically bind the angiogenesis biomarker α
V
β3 integrin. We report the synthesis, chemical characterization, and biological evaluation of two novel dimeric cyclic RGD-based molecular probes for the targeted imaging of α
V
β3 activity (a radiolabeled version, 64Cu-NOTA-PEG4-cRGD2, for PET imaging, and a fluorescent version, FITC-PEG4-cRGD2, for in vitro work). We investigated the performance of this probe at the receptor, cell, organ, and whole-body levels, including its use to detect diabetes associated impairment of ischemia-induced myocardial angiogenesis. Both versions of the probe were found to be stable, demonstrated fast receptor association constants, and showed high specificity for α
V
β3 in HUVECs (K
d
~ 35 nM). Dynamic PET-CT imaging indicated rapid blood clearance via kidney filtration, and accumulation within α
V
β3-positive infarcted myocardium. 64Cu-NOTA-PEG4-cRGD2 demonstrated a favorable biodistribution, slow washout, and excellent performance with respect to the quality of the PET-CT images obtained. Importantly, the ratio of probe uptake in infarcted heart tissue compared to normal tissue was significantly higher in non-diabetic rats than in diabetic ones. Overall, our probes are promising agents for non-invasive quantitative imaging of α
V
β3 expression, both in vitro and in vivo.
TRPC5-induced autophagy promotes drug resistance in breast carcinoma via CaMKKβ/AMPKα/mTOR pathway
Authors: Zhang Peng , Liu Xiaoyu , Li Hongjuan , Chen Zhen , Yao Xiaoqiang , Jin Jian , Ma Xin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAdriamycin is a first-line chemotherapy agent against cancer, but the development of resistance has become a major problem. Although autophagy is considered to be an adaptive survival response in response to chemotherapy and may be associated with chemoresistance, its inducer and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that adriamycin up-regulates the both levels of TRPC5 and autophagy, and the increase in autophagy is mediated by TRPC5 in breast cancer cells. Blockade of TRPC5 or autophagy increased the sensitivity to chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo. Notably, we revealed a positive correlation between TRPC5 and the autophagy-associated protein LC3 in paired patients with or without anthracycline-taxane-based chemotherapy. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition and gene-silencing showed that the cytoprotective autophagy mediated by TRPC5 during adriamycin treatment is dependent on the CaMKKβ/AMPKα/mTOR pathway. Moreover, adriamycin-resistant MCF-7/ADM cells maintained a high basal level of autophagy, and silencing of TRPC5 and inhibition of autophagy counteracted the resistance to adriamycin. Thus, our results revealed a novel role of TRPC5 as an inducer of autophagy, and this suggests a novel mechanism of drug resistance in chemotherapy for breast cancer.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of WS2 Film by Laser Drilling to Produce Porous WS2/WO3 Heterostructure
Authors: Ma Sainan , Zeng Longlui , Tao Lili , Tang Chun Yin , Yuan Huiyu , Long Hui , Cheng Ping Kwong , Chai Yang , Chen Chuansheng , Fung Kin Hung , Zhang Xuming , Lau Shu Ping , Tsang Yuen Hong 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMethods and mechanisms for improvement of photocatalytic activity, are important and popular research topics for renewable energy production and waste water treatment. Here, we demonstrate a facile laser drilling method for engineering well-aligned pore arrays on magnetron-sputtered WS2 nanofilms with increased active edge sites; the proposed method promotes partial oxidation to fabricate WS2/WO3 heterojunctions that enhance the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. The WS2 film after one, two, and three treatments exhibited photocurrent density of 3.9, 6.2, and 8 μA/cm2, respectively, reaching up to 31 times larger than that of pristine WS2 film along with greatly improved charge recombination kinetics. The unprecedented combinational roles of laser drilling revealed in this study in regards to geometric tailoring, chemical transformation, and heterojunction positioning for WS2-based composite nanomaterials create a foundation for further enhancing the performance of other 2D transition metal dichalcogenides in photocatalysis via laser treatment.
Discordance in HER2 Status in Gastro-esophageal Adenocarcinomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Creemers A. , ter Veer E. , de Waal L. , Lodder P. , Hooijer G. K. J. , van Grieken N. C. T. , Bijlsma M. F. , Meijer S. L. , van Oijen M. G. H. , van Laarhoven H. W. M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTrastuzumab combined with chemotherapy is standard of care for HER2 positive advanced gastro-esophageal cancers. The reported prevalence of HER2 discordance between primary tumors and corresponding metastases varies, hampering uniform patient selection for HER2 targeted therapy. This meta-analysis explores the influence of HER2 assessment methods on this discordance and investigates the prevalence of HER2 discordance in gastro-esophageal adenocarcinomas. PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched until January 2016. Differences in discordance rate between strict and broad(er) definitions of HER2 status were assessed using random-effect pair-wise meta-analysis. Random-effect single-arm meta-analyses were performed to assess HER2 discordance and the prevalence of positive and negative conversion. A significantly lower discordance rate in HER2 status between primary tumors and corresponding metastases was observed using a strict vs. broad definition of HER2 status (RR = 0.58, 95%CI 0.41–0.82), with a pooled discordance rate of 6.2% and 12.2%, respectively. Using the strict definition of HER2 assessment pooled overall discordance was 7% (95%CI 5–10%). The lowest discordance rates between primary tumors and corresponding metastasis are observed when using a strict method of HER2 positivity. Treatment outcomes of different studies will be better comparable if selection of eligible patients for HER2 targeted therapy is based on this strict definition.
Adiponectin modulates oxidative stress-induced mitophagy and protects C2C12 myoblasts against apoptosis
Authors: Ren Yinghui , Li Yan , Yan Jun , Ma Mingkun , Zhou Dongmei , Xue Zhenyi , Zhang Zimu , Liu Hongkun , Yang Huipeng , Jia Long , Zhang Lijuan , Zhang Qi , Mu Shuqin , Zhang Rongxin , Da Yurong 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAdiponectin (APN), also known as apM1, Acrp30, GBP28 and adipoQ, is a circulating hormone that is predominantly produced by adipose tissue. Many pharmacological studies have demonstrated that this protein possesses potent anti-diabetic, anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. Although several studies have demonstrated the antioxidative activity of this protein, the regulatory mechanisms have not yet been defined in skeletal muscles. The aim of the present study was to examine the cytoprotective effects of APN against damage induced by oxidative stress in mouse-derived C2C12 myoblasts. APN attenuated H2O2-induced growth inhibition and exhibited scavenging activity against intracellular reactive oxygen species that were induced by H2O2. Furthermore, treating C2C12 cells with APN significantly induced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2). APN also suppressed H2O2-induced mitophagy and partially inhibited the colocalization of mitochondria with autophagosomes/lysosomes, correlating with the expression of Pink1 and Parkin and mtDNA. Moreover, APN protected C2C12 myoblasts against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, APN significantly reduced the mRNA and protein expression levels of Bax. These data suggest that APN has a moderate regulatory role in oxidative stress-induced mitophagy and suppresses apoptosis. These findings demonstrate the antioxidant potential of APN in oxidative stress-associated skeletal muscle diseases.
Genome-wide mapping and characterization of microsatellites in the swamp eel genome
Authors: Li Zhigang , Chen Feng , Huang Chunhua , Zheng Weixin , Yu Chunlai , Cheng Hanhua , Zhou Rongjia 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe described genome-wide screening and characterization of microsatellites in the swamp eel genome. A total of 99,293 microsatellite loci were identified in the genome with an overall density of 179 microsatellites per megabase of genomic sequences. The dinucleotide microsatellites were the most abundant type representing 71% of the total microsatellite loci and the AC-rich motifs were the most recurrent in all repeat types. Microsatellite frequency decreased as numbers of repeat units increased, which was more obvious in long than short microsatellite motifs. Most of microsatellites were located in non-coding regions, whereas only approximately 1% of the microsatellites were detected in coding regions. Trinucleotide repeats were most abundant microsatellites in the coding regions, which represented amino acid repeats in proteins. There was a chromosome-biased distribution of microsatellites in non-coding regions, with the highest density of 203.95/Mb on chromosome 8 and the least on chromosome 7 (164.06/Mb). The most abundant dinucleotides (AC)n was mainly located on chromosome 8. Notably, genomic mapping showed that there was a chromosome-biased association of genomic distributions between microsatellites and transposon elements. Thus, the novel dataset of microsatellites in swamp eel provides a valuable resource for further studies on QTL-based selection breeding, genetic resource conservation and evolutionary genetics.