bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Privates Kapital für öffentliche Aufgaben. Aktiengesellschaften in Preußen zum Ausbau der militärischen Infrastruktur zwischen Vormärz und Reichsgründung
Authors: Sicken Bernhard 
Published: June 2016

Zusammenfassung
Die Reformära der Jahre 1808–1815/18 in Preußen schloss die bewaffnete Macht ein, die mit dem Übergang zur Allgemeinen Wehrpflicht auf eine neue gesellschaftliche Basis gestellt worden war und intentional staatsbürgerliche Rechte und Pflichten verknüpfte. Plausible Konsequenz wäre Gleichheit bei den Lasten gewesen, die aber weder beim Heranziehen zum Wehrdienst noch bei den materiellen Anforderungen erzielt wurde. Den Mangel auf dem infrastrukturellen Sektor, der hier mit dem Unterkunftsbedarf im Mittelpunkt steht, kompensierte die öffentliche Hand durch den tradierten Anspruch auf Bürgerquartier, der wiederum wegen unzulänglicher Vergütung zu vielen Klagen führte, denen der finanziell notleidende Staat wenig entgegenzusetzen hatte, geschweige denn durch Investitionen die Ursache zu nehmen vermochte. Deshalb ergriffen manche mit Truppen belegte Städte die Initiative und sorgten für eine Kasernierung „ihres Militärs“, einerseits um von Einquartierung verschont zu bleiben, andererseits um sich die von einer Garnison erhofften und durch das Kriegsressort gern hervorgehobenen ökonomischen Vorteile zu sichern. Die private und kommunale Beihilfe firmierte meist als Zuschuss, doch zuweilen auch als Vorschuss, der bei vertraglich ausgehandelter Tilgung den Staat nachweislich in die Pflicht nahm und mittelbar die Anerkennung der unbeschränkten fiskalischen Unterhaltslast der Streitmacht antizipierte. Damit sind die Konturen und die Erträge des Beitrags markiert, der mit der teils praktizierten, teils diskutierten Finanzierung von Infrastrukturbedürfnissen durch Aktienfonds ein ungewöhnliches Konzept behandelt, das in die Zeit des Übergangs von der Früh- zur Hochindustrialisierung fällt und nach neuen Wegen zum Beschaffen von Mitteln suchen ließ. Dass solche Kapitalgesellschaften mitunter vor der Normierung des Aktienrechts entstanden und auf beachtliches Interesse stießen, verweist auf das Moderne des Ansatzes.
Cooperation and coercion
Authors: Audring Jenny , Booij Geert 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCoercion is a much-discussed topic in the linguistic literature. This article expands the usual range of cases at the most subtle and the extreme end: it demonstrates how coercion extends into semantic flexibility on the one hand and into idiomaticity on the other. After discussing a broad variety of coercion cases in syntax and morphology and briefly reviewing the equally diverse literature, we identify three mechanisms – selection, enrichment, and override – that have alternatively been proposed to account for coercion effects. We then present an approach that combines all three mechanisms, arguing that they can be unified along a single axis: the degree of top-down influence of complex structures on lexical semantics.
Formulating Place, Common Ground, and
a Moral Order in Lachixío Zapotec
Authors: Sicoli Mark A. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
People make reference to places in the variable formulations afforded by their languages and
to multiple ends that in addition to picking out a referent, simultaneously build conceptual common
ground about seen and unseen landscapes, including moral stances about the social geography. This paper
examines the different ways that Lachixío Zapotec speakers of Oaxaca, Mexico, formulate and interpret
place references in the dialogic narratives of their conversations. I examine sequences of interaction within
stories that emerged in conversations as joint social actions. These sequences include both speakers’
place formulations and addressees’ responses that publically display their uptake and stances toward
the references. I describe resources of the Lachixío Zapotec language for referencing place and show how
place references are entangled with person references, references to historical events, and participants’
moral stances toward such references. Through examining references to locations within sequences of
conversational story telling we gather some evidence for how conceptual common ground and moral value
is developed through the step-wise progression of turn-taking and how stances about places come to be
culturally shared or contested between interlocutors dialogically.
Search of latent periodicity in amino acid sequences by means of genetic algorithm and dynamic programming
Authors: Pugacheva Valentina , Korotkov Alexander , Korotkov Eugene 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The aim of this study was to show that amino acid sequences have a latent periodicity with insertions and deletions of amino acids in unknown positions of the analyzed sequence. Genetic algorithm, dynamic programming and random weight matrices were used to develop a new mathematical algorithm for latent periodicity search. A multiple alignment of periods was calculated with help of the direct optimization of the position-weight matrix without using pairwise alignments. The developed algorithm was applied to analyze amino acid sequences of a small number of proteins. This study showed the presence of latent periodicity with insertions and deletions in the amino acid sequences of such proteins, for which the presence of latent periodicity was not previously known. The origin of latent periodicity with insertions and deletions is discussed.
‘Brotherhood and Unity’ dissolved. Yugoslav radio broadcasting in (west) berlin and the changing politics of representation, 1988-95
Authors: Thaden Matthias 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This article addresses the re-negotiation of national belonging among Yugoslav immigrants in (West) Berlin before and during the Yugoslav wars of the 1990s. By analysing the content of a radio show produced for Yugoslavs living in Berlin, I discuss the context and changing nature of representations of ethnic solidarities. I aim to debunk approaches that — in accordance with the concept of ‘long-distance nationalism’ — argue that Yugoslav immigrants were rapidly nationalized while living abroad. Instead, I suggest a rather ambiguous picture that accounts for the conflicting and often contradictory discourses of belonging as well as the various actors involved. By the end of the 1980s matters of national belonging had become intertwined with questions of democratic legitimacy, gradually leading to an endorsement of an ethnic framing of the Yugoslav crises. The ‘nationalization’ of the ‘Yugoslav community’, I argue, was a contested process that gained a foothold as violence raged in Yugoslavia. Coping with the consequences not least the massive influx of refugees into Germany, the radio programme became complicit in the making of national diaspora communities.
Integrating victims, externalising guilt? commemorating the Holocaust in Hungary
Authors: Laczó Ferenc 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Since its rightward political shift, questions concerning how Hungarian society has reflected on the role the country played during the Second World War and how it has confronted its co-responsibility for the Holocaust in particular have been raised with new urgency. After introducing some of the central divisive issues in the interpretation and commemoration of the Holocaust in Hungary, the author analyses current trends based on a case study of the Holocaust’s 70th anniversary. The article assesses the sustained attempts of reinterpreting the recent past of the country in the name of a renewed national canon.
Educational policies in Romania from Ceauşescu’s heritage to European mimicry
Authors: Ruşitoru Mihaela-Viorica 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
After the fall of communism educational policy in Romania was called upon to ‘shake up’ the communist heritage and effectively translate European and international prerogatives into the national context there. The main focus of this article then is the educational reforms occurring since the Ceauşescu era. The author examines key vectors of educational policies by analysing the discourse of officials from the international organisations UNESCO, OECD, ILO, and the Council of Europe and that of policy makers and educational actors from the European Union and Romania. Her threefold approach highlights the persistence of communist heritage and the scope of European mimicry, as she shows that corruption, nepotism, and favouritism are among the most common features of Romanian educational policy. She uncovers too a lack of perspective, with a mimetic reproduction of external standards, and absence of landmarks, no team-work and poor organisation of debate, all in a climate of political instability.
Frailty as a Predictor of Nursing Home Placement Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kojima Gotaro 
Published: June 2016

Background and Purpose:
Frailty has been recognized as a medical syndrome characterized by decreased physiological reserve and vulnerability to poor resolution of homeostasis. Frailty is common in nursing homes and as many as 90% of nursing home patients are frail or prefrail. Previous studies have examined frailty as a risk factor for nursing home placement and yielded inconsistent results. The current study aims to systematically review the literature and to conduct a meta-analysis to combine the risk measures to provide the evidence on frailty as a predictor of nursing home placement among community-dwelling older adults.

Methods:
A systematic literature search was performed in July 2015 using 6 databases (Scopus, Embase, CINAHL Plus, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library). Any cohort studies examining associations between frailty and risk of subsequent nursing home placement among community-dwelling older adults published from 2000 to July 2015 were potentially eligible. The numbers of those who were admitted to nursing homes and who were not, according to frailty categories, were used to calculate pooled odds ratio (OR) using fixed-effect models. The included studies were assessed for heterogeneity, methodological quality, and publication bias. The systematic literature search and hand-search identified 885 potentially relevant studies, among which 5 studies including 3528 community-dwelling older adults were selected for this review.

Results:
Meta-analyses were performed using data from these studies and showed that both frailty and prefrailty significantly predicted nursing home placement (5 studies: pooled OR = 5.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.94-10.60, P < .00001; 3 studies: pooled OR = 3.26, 95% CI = 1.21-8.78, P = .02, respectively). Heterogeneity across the studies was low or moderate and there was no evidence of publication bias.

Discussion:
Frailty generally progresses but can also be potentially modified by appropriate interventions such as physical exercise. Evidence especially has shown that aerobic and resistance exercises improve frailty components. Furthermore, a multifactorial interdisciplinary intervention, including tailored exercise programs, has shown to decrease prevalence of frailty among frail community-dwelling older adults. It is noteworthy that adherence to the exercise programs was high and adverse events were not reported in most of the trials. These findings suggest that physical exercise can potentially prevent or reverse frailty and may lead to decreased risks of nursing home placement in older adults.

Conclusions:
This systematic review and meta-analysis study is the first to report pooled evidence that both frailty and prefrailty are significant predictors of nursing home placement among community-dwelling older adults.
Screening for Cognitive Impairment as a Part of Falls Risk Assessment in Physical Therapist Practice
Authors: Blackwood Jennifer , Martin Alison 
Published: June 2016

Background and Purpose:
Older adults with impaired cognition are more than twice as likely to fall as their age-matched cognitively intact peers. Physical therapists play a key role in falls screening and prevention efforts; however, it is unknown how often or in what capacity cognitive screenings are performed within falls risk assessments. The purpose of this study was to describe the cognitive screening practice patterns of physical therapists (PTs) as a part of falls risk assessments.

Subjects:
An electronic survey was sent to a random selection of 500 licensed PTs from 1 state.

Methods:
Factors associated with cognitive screening practices and respondents' demographic information were gathered. Group comparisons between those who screened and did not screen cognition were completed.

Results:
Our response rate was 42.8% (n = 214). Only 32.7% (n = 70) of respondents reported screening cognition as a part of falls risk assessments. When performed, orientation was most commonly screened (80.0%, n = 56) followed by a dementia screen using the Mini-Mental State Examination (64.3%, n = 45). Significant differences between groups on cognitive screening practices were found on the basis of work setting, practice time spent with older adults, and practice time spent examining falls risk.

Discussion:
Screening for mild deficits in cognitive function is limited within physical therapy practice, which likely influences the detection of early cognitive declines associated with functional limitations.

Conclusions:
Considering the number of older adults at risk for falling and the likelihood of undiagnosed cognitive impairment, PTs should screen for cognitive deficits as a part of falls risk assessments.
Post-Gettier Epistemology
Authors: Greco John 
Published: June 2016

In this paper, it is argued that the differences between Gettier-era epistemology and post-Gettier epistemology can be largely traced to differences in methodology. We will give a “rational reconstruction” of how we did things then, what we do now, and what considerations moved us to do things differently. In summary form, during the Gettier era the methodology of epistemology was roughly what Chisholm called “particularism” and Rawls called “the method of reflective equilibrium.” Various developments forced an abandonment of this Gettier era methodology, in favor of several new constraints on an adequate theory of knowledge. Questions about the nature of epistemic normativity, the relations between knowledge and action, the value of knowledge, and the social dimensions of knowledge, all became important for adjudicating among competing theories of knowledge. This was appropriate in that the older methodology was inadequate. The new methodology accounts for the increased richness and depth that we see in epistemology today.
Urgensi Pemeriksaan Psikis Pra-Nikah (Studi Pandangan Kepala KUA dan Psikolog Kota Malang)
Authors: Fitriani Ika Kurnia 
Published: June 2016

Beberapa negara muslim memberikan perhatian terhadap pemeriksaan psikis pra-nikah bagi calon mempelai, sebagai upaya menanggulangi masalah rumah tangga akibat gangguan kejiwaan di masa yang akan datang. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggali informasi dari Kepala KUA dan Psikolog di Kota Malang tentang pemeriksaan psikis pra-nikah dan urgensinya bagi calon mempelai. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian lapangan (field reasearch), dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Alanisis data dilakukan melalui tiga tahapan yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan menarik kesimpulan. Pengecekan keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi sumber yang membandingkan hasil wawancara dengan data sekunder, dan triangulasi teori. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Kepala KUA dan Psikolog di kota Malang menyetujui diadakan pemeriksaan psikis pranikah akan tetapi harus ada aturan hukumnya dan dilakukan sosialisasi agar program menjadi efektif. Selain itu, pemeriksaan psikis pra-nikah tidak bertentangan dengan konsep maqashid al-syari’ah dan konsep sadz al-dzari’ah dalam hukum Islam.
Optimalisasi Peran Badan Penasehatan, Pembinaan dan Pelestarian Perkawinan (BP4) dalam Rangka Pembentukan Keluarga Sakinah di Kabupaten Jember
Authors: Dinata Wildana Setia Warga 
Published: June 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peran Badan Penasehatan Pembinaan dan Pelestarian Perkawinan (BP4) Kecamatan Puger dalam membentuk Keluarga Sakinah. Serta mengidentifikasi efektifitas peran lembaga ini dalam membentuk Keluarga Sakinah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah termasuk dalam jenis Sequential Exploratory Design atau metode penelitian kombinasi model urutan penemuan. Dengan menggunakan analisis Deskriptif Analitis untuk data Kualitatifnya, sedangkan untuk data Kuantitatifnya penulis menggunakan analisa dependen t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembentukan keluarga sakinah yang dilakukan oleh BP4 Kecamatan Puger dilakukan melalui upaya preventif dan upaya kuratif. Berdasarkan hasil survey yang dilakukan terhadap 127 responden, peran BP4 menunjukkan hasil yang sangat signifikan terhadap pembentukan keluarga sakinah. Hasil penghitungan statistik menunjukkan bahwa t hitung lebih besar dari t tabel (5,309 1,979) pada df = 126 dan α = 0,05 berarti Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Artinya secara statistik ada perbedaan antara sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan pembinaan keluarga sakinah yang dilakukan oleh BP4.
Study on Clinical, Histopathological Features and Evaluation Results of Skin Cancer Treatment in Can Tho Oncology Hospital
Authors: Qui Nguyen Van , Ngoc Phan Nguyen 
Published: June 2016

Skin cancer as the most common cancer diagnosis tend to be increasing. This condition is a particularly significant issue in developed countries. This study aimed to describe the clinical features, histopathological features, complications, and early surgical treatment outcomes of skin cancer in CanTho Oncology Hospital from 2014 to 2015. This descriptive prospective study involved all patients with non-melanoma skin cancer that were examined and treated at Can Tho Oncology Hospital from July 2014 to March 2015. There were 78 cases selected. Skin cancer was found to be more common among older patients. The prevalence of basal cell carcinoma was found higher than squamous cell carcinoma with percentage worth 76.9% and 23.1% respectively. Worth 73.1% of all the patients in the study underwent surgery with wide resection and reconstruction. In this study, most patients were the elderly. The basal cell carcinoma was the most common. The main treatment was surgery with wide resection and reconstruction. The complication was rare 1.3% with skin flap necrosis Penelitian pada Fitur Klinis, Histopatologis dan Hasil Evaluasi PengobatanKanker di Rumah Sakit Onkologi Can ThoKanker kulit, diagnosis kanker paling umum, cenderung mengalami peningkatan. Kondisi ini secara khusus merupakan isu penting di negara-negara maju. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan fitur klinis, fitur hispatologis, komplikasi dan hasil pengobatan bedah awal kanker kulit di Rumah Sakit Onkologi Can Tho dari tahun 2014 sampai 2015. Penelitian deskriptif prospektif ini melibatkan seluruh pasien dengan kanker kulit nonmelanoma yang diuji dan diobati di Rumah Sakit Onkologi Can Tho dari Juli 2014 sampai Maret 2015. Terdapat 78 kasus terpilih. Kanker kulit ditemukan lebih umum pada pasien yang lebih tua. Prevalensi karsinoma sel basal ditemukan lebih tinggi dibandingkan karsinoma sel skuamosa dengan persentase masing-masing 76,9% dan 23,1%. Sebesar 73,1% dari seluruh pasien dalam penelitian ini menjalani bedah dengan rekonstruksi dan reseksi yang lebar. Dalam penelitian ini, sebagian besar pasien adalah lanjut usia. Karsinoma sel basal adalah yang paling umum. Pengobatan utama adalah bedah dengan rekonstruksi dan reseksi yang lebar. Komplikasi jarang terjadi 1,3% dengan nekrosis lipatan kulit.
Residential Density, Parents’ Sexual Activity and Teenage Sexual Behavior in Yogyakarta
Authors: Rosida Luluk , Martha Evi , Besral Besral 
Published: June 2016

In dense and slum areas, parents often have to share bedroom with theirchildren, so the children have been exposed to sexual activity since early. This study aimed to determine residential density, parents’ sexual activity and its effects to teenage sexual behavior in Yogyakarta. This study used cross-sectional design by interviewing 268 families that had teenagers as selected randomly in urban slum areas and rural areas on March – May 2015. Data was analyzed using chi-square test and multivariate cox-regression. Results showed that parents living in dense residence had risk two times higher to commit sexual activity which had negative effect on their children. Parents’ sexual activity did not have any influence to risky sexual behavior among teenagers. Factors significantly related to risky sexual behavior among teenagers are male sex, negative attitude and influence of peers. Health agency and primary health care should improve counseling programs for teenagers and train peer counselors. Activities which have been conducted at schools should be expanded to risky areas, such as urban slum area with high density of residence. Kepadatan Hunian, Aktifitas Seksual Orang Tua dan Perilaku SeksualRemaja di YogyakartaPada daerah kumuh dan padat, orangtua sering terpaksa harus berbagi ruang tidur dengan anak-anaknya sehingga anak-anaknya sudah terpapardengan aktivitas seksual sejak dini. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kepadatan hunian, aktivitas seksual orangtua, dan efeknya terhadap perilaku seksual remaja di Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan mewawancarai 268 keluarga yang memiliki anak remaja yang dipilih secara acak di daerah kumuh perkotaan dan daerah pedesaan pada bulan Maret – Mei 2015. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji kai kuadrat dan regresi-cox multivariat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa orangtua yang tinggal di hunian padat memiliki risiko dua kali lebih besar untuk melakukan aktivitas seksual yang berdampak negatif bagi anaknya. Aktivitas seksual orangtua tidak berpengaruh terhadap perilaku seksual berisiko pada remaja. Faktor yang berhubungan bermakna dengan perilaku seksual berisiko pada remaja adalah jenis kelamin laki-laki, sikap negatif, dan pengaruh teman sebaya. Dinas kesehatan dan puskesmas agar terus meningkatkan program penyuluhan remaja dan melatih konselor teman sebaya. Kegiatan yang selama ini telah dilakukan di sekolah sebaiknya diperluas pada daerah berisiko seperti daerah kumuh perkotaan dengan kepadatan hunian yang tinggi.