bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-Invasive Ventilation in the Management of Acute Respiratory Failure in Pakistan
Authors: Hussain Syed Fayyaz , Haqqee Raana , Iqbal Javed 
Published: January 2017

Data were collected from hospital records on all patients who received non-invasive ventilation (NIV) during the period 1999-2000. Patients were treated with NIV if they had type I or type II respiratory failure or if they had respiratory distress with a respiratory rate above 30/min. A total of 68 patients (35 males) were studied. NIV was applied using a Respironics Bi-PAP device mostly on a high-dependency unit (HDU). A successful outcome with NIV was achieved in 70% (26/37) of patients with type II failure, 65% (11/17) patients with type I failure and 64% (9/14) patients with respiratory distress. Of the 16 patients considered to be inappropriate for invasive ventilation on admission, eight were treated successfully with NIV. NIV can be applied successfully in developing countries.
Control of Tubercular Haemoptysis by Bronchial Artery Embolization
Authors: Mani Sanjeev , Mayekar Rajesh , Rananavare Ravi , Maniar Deepti , Joseph J Mathews , Doshi Amita 
Published: January 2017

Thirty-seven patients presenting with massive or recurrent haemoptysis secondary to tuberculous aetiology were subjected to bronchial artery angiography. Of these, failure to catheterize the bleeding vessel occurred in two patients while embolization was withheld in two patients due to the presence of anterior spinal artery arising from a common intercosto-bronchial trunk. Immediate arrest of bleeding was performed in the remaining 33 patients by selective embolization of the abnormal bronchial arteries with a resorbable material (Gelfoam). Regular follow up for a duration of 6 months after the procedure revealed relapse of haemoptysis in four patients; three were treated by re-embolization of the abnormal bleeding vessels while one patient died due to aspiration immediately on admission. No recurrence of bleeding was seen in the remaining 29 patients. It is concluded that bronchial artery embolization is an effective treatment for immediate control of life-threatening haemoptysis.
General Anaesthesia for Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery Team Activities in Cambodia
Authors: Ishizawa Yumiko , Handa Yujiro , Tanaka Katsuyuki , Taki Kazumi 
Published: January 2017

Cleft lip and palate surgery team activities in Cambodia were launched in 1989 by a Japanese non-governmental organization. The objectives of the project were to provide appropriate surgical treatment and safe general anaesthesia for local patients, and also to teach general anaesthesia and surgery to local medical staff. A surgery team was sent on four occasions between 1991 and 1993 and a total of 130 patients received surgical treatment and general anaesthesia. Anaesthesia techniques employed included total intravenous anaesthesia in 70 patients and intravenous anaesthesia and low dose halothane in 60 patients. There were no major complications, such as airway obstruction or apnoea in the postoperative period. Total intravenous anaesthesia is an appropriate technique for patients in developing countries. The teaching of anaesthesia should be emphasized during the surgery team activities.
The Role of State Regulation in Consumer-Driven Health Care
Authors: Jost Timothy S. , Hall Mark A. 
Published: January 2017

In December of 2003 the Medicare Modernization Act (MMA) added section 223 to the Internal Revenue Code, creating a federal tax subsidy for money contributed to (and earnings accumulated on) health savings accounts, or HSAs. Though public attention was largely focused at that time on the provisions of the MMA creating the new Medicare prescription drug benefit, the MMA was also a major victory for advocates of “consumer-driven health care” who believe that HSAs have the potential to control the cost and improve the quality of health care in the United States, and perhaps even to increase health care access.Consumer-driven health care advocates believe that the key reason health care costs are out of control in the United States is that most Americans are too generously insured. They believe the solution is to increase consumer sensitivity to cost and effectiveness by making people spend their own money for health care.
FMRI and BF Meet FRE: Brain Imaging and the Federal Rules of Evidence
Authors: Pettit Mark 
Published: January 2017

Picture this: a party to a lawsuit proposes to show jurors images of a human brain to support its claim or defense. The other party objects, and the trial judge must make a ruling. What determines how the judge will rule? That is the question I attempt to address.I begin in Part II by describing very briefly some existing methods of brain imaging—how they work and what they try to do—and cataloging some possible uses of these methods in courtrooms. Part III discusses current legal standards of admissibility of scientific evidence under the Federal Rules of Evidence (FRE). Part IV examines the particular problem of scientific evidence offered to establish that a person was or was not telling the truth. Part V provides a brief history of some past attempts to introduce brain-imaging evidence into courtrooms. The article concludes with some general comments on the issues facing judges when parties to lawsuits offer brain-imaging evidence.
Applying First-World Psychological Models and Techniques in a Third-World Context
Authors: Brownell A.J.J. , De Jager A.C. , Madlala C.F.M. 
Published: January 2017

Aspects of the indigenous healing system in contemporary South African society Anthropological research in recent years has clearly shown that health service programmes of technologically advanced societies cannot simply be transplanted to developing societies without taking specific cultural factors into account (Loudon, 1976; Kleinman, 1980; Jansen, 1982). The extensive practice of traditional healing in South Africa has long been established and appears to be gaining momentum (Holdstock, 1979). The different needs of First- and Third-world peoples within South Africa, as manifested in the existence of cultural-specific mental health care and educational systems, are indeed compelling reasons for examining the situation.
Clinical Factors Associated with the Diagnosis of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
Authors: Eren Erdem , Kalkan Toygar , Arslanoğlu Seçil , Özmen Mustafa , Önal Kazım , Tarhan Emine Figen , Akar Servet 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveTo determine the predictive value of nasal endoscopic findings and symptoms in the diagnosis of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA).Study DesignA cross‐sectional study.SettingA tertiary university hospital.Subjects and MethodsA total of 116 adults were enrolled in the study: 19 patients with GPA, 29 patients with other rheumatic diseases, and 68 healthy volunteers. All patients were examined with a flexible endoscope, and nasal endoscopic images were recorded and evaluated blindly. The medical history of each patient was taken by a physician blinded to the patient’s diagnosis.ResultsUnivariate analysis indicated a statistically significant difference in rhinorrhea (P =. 002), postnasal drip (P =. 015), epistaxis (P <. 001), and saddle nose (P =. 017). However, binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated that only history of epistaxis (P =. 012; odds ratio, 5.6) was statistically significant in predicting GPA. Univariate analysis showed a statistically significant difference in nasal secretion (P =. 028), nasal septal perforation (P <. 017), nasal crusting (P <. 001), nasal adhesion (P <. 001), nasal granuloma (P =. 017), and hemorrhagic fragile nasal mucosa (P <. 001). A binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated that only hemorrhagic fragile nasal mucosa (P <. 001; odds ratio, 52.9) was a statistically significant predictor of GPA.ConclusionsGiven the results of this study, we believe that hemorrhagic fragile nasal mucosa and history of recurrent epistaxis may put patients at risk for GPA and should be investigated accordingly.
Evaluation of Compression Therapy: Comparison of Three Sub-bandage Pressure Measuring Devices
Authors: Ruckley C. V. , Dale J. J. , Gibson B. , Brown D. , Lee A. J. , Prescott R. J. 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To compare the consistency of the pressure measurements and the practical aspects of three manometers (Salzman MST; Oxford Talley and Diastron) measuring sub-bandage pressures. Methods: Five bandages (tubular elastic straight, tubular elastic graduated, short stretch non-elastic, long stretch elastic, cohesive elastic) were applied to standard models comprising foam-covered 9.5 cm, 12.5 cm diameter plastic tubes and a cone by a single expert bandager using a standard spiral technique with 50% overlap for the non-tubular bandages (NTB). The probes of all three machines were positioned at equidistant points around the circumference of each model at three levels corresponding to the ankle, gaiter and mid-calf measuring points of the MST probe. Two readings were taken for each of three separate applications of each bandage. Statistical analysis utilised ANOVA with Bartlett's test. Results. A total of 135 readings were made for each machine and 81 for each type of bandage. Mean pressures among the five bandages types ranged from 12.2 to 35.5 mmHg. A pressure gradient was apparent when NTB bandaging the straight tubes (means 24.7, 23.5, 22.4 mmHg) but not with the cone. There was a statistically significant difference between the three machines (Bartlett's test 23.6, p<0.0001), with the lowest variances for the MST and similar variances for the Oxford and Diastron. Conclusion. In terms of measurement variance this experiment indicates that the MST is the preferred machine for future experiments.
Doppler and Echotomography in Sclerosis of the Saphenous Veins
Authors: Schadeck Michel 
Published: January 2017

Based on a series of hundreds of examinations, this study reports the author's experience of Doppler and echotomography in sclerosis of the saphenous veins. The protocol, done at the initial examination, during and at the end of the treatment, included: haemodynamic study (by Doppler), research on back-flow, and measurement of its pressure; morphologic study (by echotomography) of the sapheno-femoral or popliteal junction (‘crosse’) with measurements of its different diameters and compressibility. The main alterations after sclerotherapy are: parietal thickening with decrease in diameter, and frequent transient intraluminal thrombus. The main result is the transformation of a back-flow to a more physiological flow or its complete disappearance. Lastly, these techniques seem to be of great value in assessing failure or success of sclerosis. The present study gives only fragmentary results and a further one will be necessary.
Acute and Chronic Venous Insufficiency in Infancy and Childhood
Authors: Rabe Eberhard 
Published: January 2017

Acute and chronic venous insufficiency of the lower extremities in infancy and childhood is a rare event which, nevertheless must be taken seriously. The therapeutic and diagnostic necessity of catheterization dominates as a cause. Postoperative, post-traumatic and postinfection thrombophlebitis are further causes in elder children. Others are much less frequent. The most common localizations of the thrombi are the thigh and pelvic veins. The high rate of clinically relevant pulmonary embolism and chronic venous insufficiency after deep thrombophlebitis emphasizes the importance of proper diagnosis and therapy.
Injection Sclerotherapy and CO2 Laser Sclerotherapy in the Ablation of Cutaneous Spider Veins of the Lower Extremity
Authors: Pfeifer John R. , Hawtof Gwen D. 
Published: January 2017

This Study is a comparison of injection sclerotherapy with 22% hypertonic saline (1,566 treatments in 598 patients) and carbon dioxide laser sclerotherapy (288 treatments in 121 patients) in the ablation of cutaneous spider veins of the lower extremities. Excellent cosmetic results were achieved with injection sclerotherapy and good results were achieved with laser sclerotherapy. However, patients prefer injection sclerotherapy because laser sclerotherapy leaves small white scars, is more painful, and has a higher recurrence rate. For this reason, we have now abandoned laser sclerotherapy and utilize only saline injection sclerotherapy.
Haemodilution in Venous Disease
Authors: Duruble M. , Ouvry P. 
Published: January 2017

Postoperative deep vein thromboses (DVT) and post-phlebitic ulcers are usually caused by stasis of the blood. The flow of blood in a vein does not depend only on the pressure gradient. The rheological properties of the blood must also be considered. We therefore studied the effects of various degrees of intraoperative normovolemic haemodilution on the incidence of postoperative DVT. The results of these studies indicate that moderate intra- and post-operative haemodilution lessens the risk of DVT. Most post-phlebitic ulcers heal after appropriate treatment on an ambulatory basis. A certain number of these ulcers prove, however, to respond badly to the treatment; they are called resistant post-phlebitic ulcers. It seemed logical to increase patients' ability to combat stasis by adding the process of haemodilution to the classical treatment. A year after treatment finished, the success rate amounted to nearly 80%.
Evaluation of Indium-111 Antifibrin Monoclonal Antibody Imaging in Deep Venous Thrombosis Diagnosis
Authors: Riambau V. , Carrió I. , Bernà L. , Estorch M. , Torres G. , Viver E. 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To evaluate Indium-111 antifibrin monoclonal antibody in the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis. Design: Prospective study in twelve patients undergoing major surgical treatment, including hip surgery, who would be considered at high risk of developing subsequent deep vein thrombosis. Setting: Departments of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain. Patients: Twelve patients receiving surgical treatment. Interventions: Bilateral contrast phlebography was performed in all patients, combined with an ***immunoscintigraphic test of an Indium-111 labelled monoclonal ***antibody to fibrin. Patients with deep vein thrombosis were treated with full anticoagulation using heparin. Main outcome measures: The presence of thrombosis on phlebography and the presence of isotopic labelling of suspected deep vein thrombosis on immunoscintigraphic scanning. Results: Phlebography demonstrated venous thrombosis at 23 sites in veins, of which 22 were also detected by immunoscintigraphic scanning. Conclusions: Indium-111 labelled monoclonal antibodies to fibrin may provide an alternative method of investigation for suspected deep vein thrombosis as an alternative to other non-invasive diagnosis methodologies.
Treatment of Venous Ulceration by Injection Sclerotherapy and Compression Hosiery: A 5-Year Study
Authors: Dinn E. , Henry M. 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To determine whether the use of graduated compression stockings reduces the rate of recurrence of venous ulceration. Design: Prospective, closed, non-randomised study of 126 patients with a previous history of venous ulceration for five years. Setting: The Varicose Vein Clinic of Sir Patrick Dun's and Adelaide Hospitals. Patients: 126 patients attending the Varicose Vein Clinic who had undergone successful healing of venous ulcers by injection compression sclerotherapy. Intervention: All patients underwent clinical examination and venous pressure measurement, and were then fitted with graduated compression stockings. Those patients dropping out of the study (21) were used as a comparison group. Main outcome measure: The recurrence rate of venous ulcers. Results: At the end of the 5 year study period patients were divided into 3 groups – those who had ulcer recurrence (33), those who were free of ulcers (72), and those (21) who had dropped out of the study, the last group showing a higher recurrence rate than those who had worn stockings.
The Effect of Hosiery on Interstitial Fluid Pressure and Arm Volume Fluctuations in Breast Cancer Related Arm Oedema
Authors: Bates D. O. , Stanton A. W. B. , Levick J. R. , Mortimer P. S. 
Published: January 2017

Objectives: (1) To measure interstitial fluid pressure under one brand of hosiery in arm lymphoedema. (2) To assess the stability of the swelling over various time scales. Setting: Human microvascular studies laboratory of a teaching hospital. Subjects: Patients with arm oedema following successful breast cancer treatment. Main outcome measures: (1) Arm volume calculations using multiple circumferential measurements by tape measure. (2) Interstitial fluid pressure measurements by wick-in-needle technique in subcutis. Results: The mean swollen arm was 33% greater in volume than the contralateral arm ( n = 50). There was no significant correlation between the size of the arm and the duration of the swelling. There was no significant change in arm volume over 2 weeks ( n = 8) but there was a small (50 ml), significant increase overnight ( p < 0.05). The mean (SD) interstitial fluid pressure while wearing one brand of hosiery (Sigvaris) was 18.7 (5.8) cmH2O compared with 1.2 (2.8) cmH2O after its removal. There was a significant correlation between the pressure under the sleeve and the pressure without the sleeve ( r = 0.68, p < 0.05). Conclusions: The Sigvaris sleeve exerts sufficient compression to underlying tissue to raise interstitial fluid pressure. This may control arm swelling by reducing fluid filtration rate and/or raising fluid drainage rate from the arm.
Leg Volume Measurements with a Modified Optoelectronic Measurement System
Authors: Veraart J. C. J. M. , Neumann H. A. M. 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To evaluate the reproducibility of a modified optoelectronic volume measurement system (the volometer). Design: In the first part of the study healthy volunteers and one investigator were used to evaluate the intraobserver reproducibility; in the second part one healthy volunteer and different investigators were used to evaluate the interobserver reproducibility. Setting: Department of Dermatology, Academisch Ziekenhuis Maastrict, The Netherlands. Patients: Twenty healthy volunteers for the first part of the study; eight doctors and one healthy volunteer for the second part. Main outcome measures: Optoelectronic volume measurements on one leg over a standard distance of 40 cm and over 20 cm with the use of a laser pointer as calibration. A total of eight measurements were performed on each volunteer. The same procedure was performed by different investigators on one volunteer. Results: The modified optoelectronic measurement system with laser pointer calibration showed an improvement of the reproducibility of 27% in the intraobserver study. An improvement of 11% was found in the interobserver study. Conclusions: The modified optoelectronic volume measurement system (the volometer) provides a better reproducibility than the standard system. The instrument can be used for easy and rapid volume measurements in phlebological practice.
Effect of illusory kinesthesia on hand function in patients with distal radius fractures: a quasi-randomized controlled study
Authors: Imai Ryota , Osumi Michihiro , Ishigaki Tomoya , Morioka Shu 
Published: January 2017

Objectives: We investigated the effects of the illusion of motion through tendon vibration on hand function in patients with distal radius fractures. Setting: Kawachi General Hospital, Japan. Subjects: A total of 22 patients with distal radius fractures were divided into either an illusory kinesthesia group ( n = 11) or a control group ( n = 11). Intervention: We performed the intervention for seven consecutive days after surgery. Evaluations were performed at one day, seven days, one month, and two months postsurgery. Main measures: Data were collected on pain at rest and pain during movement. The Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation and Pain Catastrophizing Scale were also used. Results: The illusory kinesthesia group showed significantly better scores on Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation ( p < 0.01) compared with the control group at seven days, one month, and two months postsurgery. The mean (SD) of the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation total score was 97.6 (2.2) at one day postsurgery and 9.1 (5.3) at seven days postsurgery in the illusory kinesthesia group, while the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation total score was 96.3 (4.4) at one day postsurgery and 20.1 (17.0) at seven days postsurgery in the control group. Conclusion: Our results indicate that illusory kinesthesia is an effective postsurgery management strategy not only for pain alleviation, but also hand function in patients with distal radius fractures. Furthermore, the significant improvements persisted for up to two months after intervention in the illusory kinesthesia group, but not in the control group. In addition, patients in the kinesthetic illusions group showed increased use of the affected limb in daily living.
Increased augmentation index and central systolic arterial pressure are associated with lower school and motor performance in young adolescents
Authors: Vogrin Bernarda , Slak Rupnik Marjan , Mičetić-Turk Dušanka 
Published: January 2017

Objective In adults, improper arterial function has been linked to cognitive impairment. The pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AIx) and other vascular parameters are useful indicators of arterial health. In our study, we monitored arterial properties, body constitution, school success, and motor skills in young adolescents. We hypothesize that reduced cognitive and motor abilities have a vascular origin in children. Methods We analysed 81 healthy school children aged 11–16 years. Anthropometry central systolic arterial pressure, body mass index (BMI), standard deviation scores (SDS) BMI, general school performance grade, and eight motor tests were assessed. PWV, AIx, and central systolic arterial pressure (SBPao) were measured. Results AIx and SBPao correlated negatively with school performance grades. Extremely high AIx, PWV and SBPao values were observed in 5% of children and these children had average to low school performance. PWV correlated significantly with weight, height, and waist and hip circumference. AIx, PWV, school success, and BMI correlated strongly with certain motor functions. Conclusions Increased AIx and SBPao are associated with lower school and motor performance in children. PWV is influenced by the body’s constitution.
A Low-Dosage Ketoprofen Preparation in the Management of Osteoarthrosis of the Knee Joint
Authors: Serry Mohamed Mokhtar 
Published: January 2017

A low-dosage ketoprofen preparation was evaluated in a group of patients with OA of the knees, in a dose of 75 mg daily, for 2 weeks. Improvement in the criteria used for measurement of therapeutic response was impressive and no adverse effects were seen or reported by patients who took part in this study.
Clinical Effects and Serum Levels of Nomifensine in Depressive Patients
Authors: Syvälahti E , Lindberg R , Iisalo E 
Published: January 2017

Twenty depressed out-patients were treated with nomifensine in an open clinical trial of 6 weeks duration. After an initial placebo week the daily doses of nomifensine varied from 50 to 300 mg divided into 2–3 doses. Mean score on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRS) declined from 19·7 to 10·3 at Week 4. At the same time-point morning serum levels of nomifensine varied from less than 8·0 to 196·0 nmol/l. No correlation was found between drug concentrations and clinical outcome or side-effects. There was also a pronounced intra-individual variation in nomifensine serum levels. No tendency for accumulation of the drug was observed. Thus, the measuring of nomifensine trough levels in the morning does not give useful clinical information.