bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addressing the gender gap in COVID-19 Vaccination in India
Authors: Vasudevan Jyothi , Dakshinamurthy Senkadhirdasan , Boratne Abhijit V. R. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
India had rolled out the world’s largest vaccination program, marking the beginning of an effort to vaccinate a population of 1.3 billion against COVID-19. There have been recent emerging reports that India’s womenfolk are getting left behind as far as COVID vaccination is concerned. Misinformation, which impacts women more, is a key factor resulting in the prevailing gender gap in vaccination. Issues relating to the ignorance of technology to register for vaccination, lower decision-making power in families over matters related to their health, and lower priority given to women and their health needs within families, etc., are other responsible factors, which need to change for successful implementation of the program. A set of targeted solutions that can help access to affordability and break information barriers are required. The solutions need to be explored in the background of the sustainable development goals, stemming from within the community, within the community, involving women’s self-help groups, volunteers, etc. Addressing mobility challenges faced by women to access vaccination sites and also ensuring dissemination of correct information through their preferred channels is imperative to ensure the success of the program. This is especially true for vulnerable and marginalized populations which continue to bear a disproportionate socio-economic brunt of the pandemic. Effective communication keeping in mind the broad categories of vaccine hesitancy along with targeted effective interventions remains the best bet in the current scenario.
“Autistic savant”: A rare case report
Authors: Singh Charan , Meena Parth S. , Jain Mahendra , Premprakash  , Sharma Rupendra , Nainwani Neelam 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Savant syndrome is a very rare, but extraordinary condition where persons with significant mental disability, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), have some impressive abilities, which are markedly incongruous contrast to overall handicap. In fact, as many as one in 10 autistic persons have such remarkable abilities in varying degrees, although savant syndrome occurs in other developmental disabilities or central nervous system (CNS) injury or disease as well. “Autistic savant” refers to individuals with ASD who have extraordinary skills not exhibited by most normal persons. This is an extremely rare phenomenon, although there are several well-documented cases. Here, we are reporting a case of a 29-year-old male patient; as per informants, he had complaints of low intelligence, remaining aloof and withdrawn, not being able to interact properly within the family and in society, wandering aimlessly, self-mutilating behavior, odd behavior such as collecting matchboxes and toys, tearing his own clothes, suggestive of ASD. The patient can tell the day on a given date of a particular year in seconds, suggesting that he has autistic savant abilities.
Variability in Design and Materials of Vaginal Stent or Moulds for Vaginal Agenesis - A Systematic Review
Authors: Jain Prachi , Jain Shreya , Bansal Arush , Soni Abhinandan 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Vaginal stents play a crucial role in both non-surgical and surgical management of vaginal agenesis. Different types of stents with variable designs and materials have been described in the literature. However, a summary of various stents described in the existing data and their outcome measures needs to be studied.

Objectives:
The objective of the study was to identify and summarise different types of vaginal stents used for patients with vaginal agenesis, to identify the design and material of different vaginal stents and to assess the benefit of using that specific vaginal stent.

Materials and Methods:
The literature search was conducted in the PubMed database for articles from 2000 to 2024 in the English language. An exploration of grey literature was also included through Google Scholar. The articles were included only if they clearly described vaginal stent, its material, design and advantage of using that particular stent, and any study not directly related to the research question or in which vaginal stent was used for cases other than vaginal agenesis/Mayer–Rokitansky–Kuster–Hauser syndrome/Mullerian aplasia or agenesis were not included in this study. Risk of bias assessment was done using an eight-item tool that included domains of selection, ascertainment, causality and reporting.

Results:
A total of 133 abstracts appeared in PubMed, of which, 26 titles/abstracts were related to the research question. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, seventeen articles were selected for the review. A total of 905 articles were identified from Google Scholar, of which, 7 were chosen to be included. The literature reports the usage of variable vaginal stents which can be hard, soft, solid or hollow with the option of customisation available.

Interpretation:
Based on the results of this review, soft stents are better than rigid stents due to increased patient compliance, a critical factor contributing to the success of the treatment. The resilient nature, comfort and lightweight of the silicone material are more suitable than commonly used acrylic material. However, the choice in a particular case may vary.

Limitations:
The majority of articles included in this review were case reports. As the duration and frequency of usage of stents affect the outcome, studies need to be done to evaluate the effectiveness of different types of stents to come to identify the best design and material for vaginal stents.

PROSPERO Registration:
CRD42024554676.
Male Sexual Dysfunction and Hypogonadism in Young Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Raghuraman R. , Bhuyan Ashok Krishna , Baro Abhamoni , Saikia Uma Kaimal 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Male sexual dysfunction (MSD) is a common occurrence in diabetic patients, which is not routinely assessed in clinical settings.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of MSD and hypogonadism in young type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients aged between 20 and 40 years and its association with duration, glycaemic control and complications of diabetes.

Settings and Design:
This is a cross-sectional study involving 70 men with T2DM of 20–40 years of age visiting the endocrinology department in a tertiary care centre. This study was conducted from November 2021 to March 2023.

Materials and Methods:
Seventy subjects satisfying inclusion criteria were included in the study and assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function-15 questionnaire, intravaginal ejaculation latency time, androgen deficiency in ageing male questionnaire, hormonal parameters (Luteinising Hormone, Follicle stimulating hormone, Testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin) and penile Doppler.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 21. A P < 0.05 is considered statistically significant. Data were checked for normality using Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Shapiro–Wilk tests. For determining statistical significance between continuous variables with non-normal data, the Mann–Whitney U test and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used. Pie charts, bar diagrams and scatter plots were used for descriptive statistics. Frequency, percentage, means, median, range and standard deviation were used for all quantitative data. The Chi-square test was used to find a significant association between categorical variables.

Results:
Sixty per cent of men had at least one form of MSD. Hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) - 44.28% was the most common MSD, followed by erectile dysfunction (ED) - 42.85% and ejaculatory disorders - 18.57%. Penile Doppler was done in 15 patients, of whom 9 patients had normal Doppler, venous incompetence was present in 3, followed by mixed (arterial and venous) in 2 and arterial insufficiency in 1 subject. Hypogonadism was present in 27.14% of men and secondary hypogonadism was the most common cause (84.21%). There was a significant association between neuropathy and ED and between hypogonadism and HSDD. There was also a significant association between fasting plasma glucose, post-prandial plasma glucose and MSD.

Conclusion:
MSD is common in young T2DM men, which should be given due importance in clinical practice to improve their quality of life. Glycaemic control is of utmost importance in these men.
Utilisation of Oocyte Diameter as a Non-invasive Indicator of Oocyte and Embryo Quality: Investigating Protein Kinase B Protein Expression in Cumulus–Granulosa Cells and Embryo Morphokinetics
Authors: Yuningsih Tita , Wiweko Budi , Boediono Arief , Gunawati Ina , Handayani Nining 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Oocyte diameter is crucial for initiating meiosis and supporting the maturation capability, a prerequisite for successful fertilisation and high-quality embryo development. While numerous studies have explored the correlation between oocyte diameter and embryo development capacity in animal models, limited research appears concerning human oocytes.

Aim:
This study aims to ascertain whether oocyte diameter can serve as a reliable predictor of oocyte and embryo quality, achieved through its correlation with protein kinase B (Akt) protein levels on cumulus–granulosa cells and blastocyst morphokinetics.

Setting and Design:
Prospective cohort study included cumulus–granulosa cells collected from 228 mature oocytes of 32 infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilisation treatment. The diameter of the oocytes was measured using the Image J software, and the samples were categorised into three groups based on their diameter: <105.95 µm, 105.96–118.96 µm and >118.97 µm. Quantification of pAkt and Akt protein total of cumulus–granulosa cells exploited the ELISA method. Embryo morphokinetics and anomaly development events were observed at the blastocyst stage to evaluate embryo quality relative to oocyte diameter.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The Kruskal–Wallis test and Chi-square test were used. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
The study revealed no notable difference in pAkt and Akt protein total in cumulus–granulosa cells among the three groups (P > 0.05). Likewise, there were no significant differences in morphokinetics and anomaly development except for the S2 parameter and reverse cleavage.

Conclusion:
Reflecting on the molecular profile including pAkt, total Akt protein, morphokinetics and anomaly development, it was observed that oocyte diameter does not correlate with its competency and the quality of the resulting embryo. In addition, oocytes with a diameter below 105.95 µm may have an equal potential to develop into top-quality embryos.
Association of Gestational Iron-deficiency Anemia with Antenatal Depression among Pregnant Women: A Case–control Study from Tertiary Care Hospitals, Lahore
Authors: Zia Emaan , Tariq Alina , Ayub Fiza , Khan Tahir Mehmood , Bukhsh Allah , Suleiman Amal K , Baig Mirza Rafi , Ahmed Shaaf , Dar Hamza Imam , Asghar Ahmad , Khalid Laiba 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The goal of this study is to investigate the potential association between gestational anemia and antenatal depression in pregnant women.

Methods:
It is a case–control study consisting of 684 pregnant women under 18 years recruited in different tertiary care hospitals, in Lahore, between June 2023 and December 2023. Utilizing an online questionnaire, data collection encompassed demographics, dietary habits, and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Pregnant women with antenatal hemoglobin (Hb) levels above and below 11.0 g/dL were categorized as a nonanemic and anemic group. Statistical analysis involved Chi-square tests to explore the relationships between gestational parameters and maternal factors.

Findings:
The depression scores of anemic and nonanemic pregnant women compare two groups of pregnant women based on their Hb levels: those with Hb <110 g/l during pregnancy (anemic) and those with Hb ≥110 g/l (nonanemic). The anemic group had higher depression scores than the nonanemic group, both for those with EPDS <12 points and those with EPDS ≥12 points. However, P = 0.077 indicates that this difference was not statistically significant at a typical alpha level of 0.05.

Conclusion:
No significant association was found between gestational anemia and antenatal depression in pregnant women. These findings prompt further research to unravel the intricacies of the association between gestational anemia and depression. The outcomes thus urge the researchers and health-care professionals to consider the diverse factors that may contribute to mental health outcomes during pregnancy and refine strategies for maternal care.
The Critical Role of Ward-Based and Satellite Pharmacists in Improving Pharmaceutical Care in Hospital
Authors: Afra Fatemeh , Abedi Fatemeh Amou , Feizabadi Faezeh , Mahboobipour Amir Ali , Rastegarpanah Mansoor 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:
Medical errors are the third leading cause of death in the U. S., with medication mistakes being a common issue. Medication reconciliation (MR) involves comparing patients’ orders with their existing medications to prevent errors. Pharmacists are ideally suited for MR tasks. Effective MR can reduce drug-related rehospitalizations. This study aimed to investigate medication errors among hospitalized patients and to evaluate the impact of ward-based and satellite pharmacists on the quality of drug administration services.

Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Nikan General Hospitals in Tehran, Iran, over 6 months. We assessed the performance of ward-based and satellite pharmacists in various wards. All patient medication activities were meticulously monitored and recorded. Adjusted drug-related problem (DRP) codes were then used to identify medication errors and the corresponding interventions.

Findings:
The study included 1682 patients, each experiencing at least one DRP. The data revealed a DRP prevalence of 6.44% (95% confidence interval: 6.15%–6.75%). A total of 2173 DRPs were identified, with 650 originating from intensive care units and the remaining 1523 from other wards. Notably, DRPs attributed to nurses (labeled as S2) constituted 18.36%, and those due to drug interactions (classified as D7) accounted for 13.48%. Following intervention, the most common pharmacist recommendations were initiating a medication (14.04%), discontinuing a medication (13.12%), changing a medication (11.38%), and reducing doses (11.09%).

Conclusion:
Effective MR, supported by comprehensive training of medical staff such as physicians and nurses, can significantly reduce DRPs in hospitalized patients. Clinical pharmacists play a vital role in this context.
The epidemiological trends of 40 national notifiable infectious diseases in China: An analysis of national surveillance data from 2013 to 2022
Authors: Zhou Hongrang , Wang Xiaoling , Li Guifu , Zhou Zhe , Wang Xiaoming , Hu Jingfei , Wang Yufeng , Chen Muxin , Ye Kaiyou , Xiao Ning , Ai Lin 
Published: September 2024

Objective:
It aims to provide a preliminary analysis of the epidemiological characteristics and trends of 40 notifiable infectious diseases in the mainland of China over the past ten years, serving as a valuable reference for public health policies and interventions related to infectious diseases.

Methods:
Using data from the monthly analysis reports of the National Infectious Disease Surveillance System (NIDSS), we obtained information on reportable infectious diseases in China from 2013 to 2022. The data were analyzed using Excel 2010 software, and a joinpoint regression model was employed to examine trends in incidence and case-fatality ratios during this period.

Results:
From 2013 to 2022, a total of 76 874 318 cases of notifiable infectious diseases were reported in the mainland of China, resulting in an average yearly incidence of 551.26/100 000 persons, with an average annual percentage change (AAPC) was 0.23% (95%CI: -3.81 to 4.37). The infectious diseases with the highest yearly incidence include hand, foot, and mouth disease; hepatitis B; infectious diarrhea; tuberculosis; and influenza. There were 207216 deaths with an average annual case-fatality rate of 2.70/1000, with an AAPC of 5.53% (95%CI: 2.16 to 9.30). The diseases with the highest mortality rates were acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), tuberculosis, rabies, infectious diarrhea, and COVID-19. The incidence of notifiable infectious diseases was predominantly attributed to category C diseases, accounting for 54.50% of total cases, while intestinal infectious diseases were the most prevalent, comprising 40.64% of the total morbidity. The monthly incidence trend of 40 notifiable infectious diseases in China’s mainland exhibited a "W" distribution, whereas the monthly case-fatality ratio trend displayed an "M" distribution.

Conclusions:
It is crucial to continuously reinforce the prevention and control of key infectious diseases, including AIDS, tuberculosis, and viral hepatitis, as well as highly prevalent diseases such as hand, foot, and mouth disease; influenza; and infectious diarrhea. Additionally, enhancing surveillance and response to emerging infectious diseases is essential to safeguarding public health and safety.
Fecal shedding and transmission of vaccine–derived poliovirus: A systematic review and meta–analysis
Authors: Yunus Gangerdiwala Mariya , Taher Kanchwala Aliasgar , Akram Khan Adnan , Anil Dudhane Suraj , Anis Haji Sana , Shaikh Abusufiyan 
Published: September 2024

Objective:
This review aims to summarize the emergence and transmission of vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) across various geographies, its impacts, and the developments of immunization techniques and vaccines.

Methods:
This systematic review and meta-analysis followed Prioritization of Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta­Analyses (PRIMSA) criteria and was registered with Prospective Systematic Reviews (CRD42023389248). We included clinical studies such as randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case reports and cross-sectional studies accessing the fecal excretion of VDPV. Five independent reviewers selected appropriate and relevant studies from PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar published before January 2023. Statistical analyses were performed using odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and a random effects model to address heterogeneity (I
2), with publication bias evaluated via funnel plots and statistical tests.

Results:
Out of the 83 initially identified studies, 9 were included in meta-analysis. Participants who received the first dose of monovalent oral polio vaccine (mOPV) did not show statistically significant fecal shedding compared to those treated with the second dose (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.51-2.03, P=0.47). Individuals who received the novel oral polio vaccine (nOPV) significantly reduce virus fecal shedding after the second dose compared to the first dose (OR: 2.95. 95% CI: 1.39-6.25, P=0.00). Sero-conversion rates do not differ significantly between two doses in participants received mOPV (OR:1.10, 95% CI: 0.60-2.01, P=0.35), meanwhile nOPV exhibit a higher seroconversion rate (OR: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.01-0.67, P=0.01).

Conclusions:
This study provides the evidence supporting the clinical efficacy and safety of nOPV compared to mOPV.
Long-term outcome and determinants of primary pediatric cataract surgery
Authors: Aldamri Aljawhara , AlKhaldi Saleh A. , AlQahtani Dhabiah S. , AlShaalan Khalid S. , Alshamrani Mohammed 
Published: September 2024

PURPOSE:
This study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of primary pediatric cataract surgery and to identify determinants of success and recommendations to improve the care of patients with pediatric cataracts.

METHODS:
A cohort, retrospective study of cases who were operated as primary pediatric cataract surgery at King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital. Patients who are 4 years old or younger and underwent primary cataract surgery with at least 3-year follow-up were enrolled in this study. Preoperative and postoperative evaluations were performed to determine the surgery outcomes.

RESULTS:
Two hundred and two eyes of 119 patients were enrolled in the study. Seventy percentage of the patients were diagnosed with bilateral cataracts and 30% with unilateral cataracts. Postoperative evaluation showed that 20% of the patients had best corrected visual acuity of 20/30 or better, 25% had 20/40–20/50, 20% had 20/60–20/80, and 29% had 20/100 or less, 6% as fixate and follow. In addition, the mean spherical equivalent was 1.50D. Amblyopia was present in 120 eyes. Fourteen percentage showed a significant myopic shift of more than −4.00D and it was more in eyes with primary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Glaucoma was reported in 19% of the patients.

CONCLUSION:
There was a significant postoperative myopic shift and it was more in eyes with primary IOL implantation. Glaucoma was the most common reported postoperative complication. The presence of strabismus and nystagmus may affect the visual outcomes. Early intervention might reduce the incidence of amblyopia.
Violet light transmission through eyeglasses and its effects on myopic children: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ullah Saif , Umer Muhammad F. , Chandran Suriyakala P. 
Published: September 2024

PURPOSE:
Myopia is a refractive error that impairs visual function and leads to visual blurring. This study aims to investigate the effect of violet light (VL) on controlling myopia, specifically in terms of axial length (AL), spherical equivalent refraction (SER), and visual acuity (VA).

METHODS:
A systematic review was conducted to compare VL and single-vision spectacles (SVSs) for treating childhood myopia. The search terms used were “Myopia” and “Violet Light.” Extensive searches were carried out in the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases. The mean differences were evaluated. The effects of the therapy were examined. Publication bias was assessed with a funnel plot and further investigated through sensitivity analysis. Meta-analysis was performed using Bayesian statistics with Jeffery’s Amazing Statistical Package.

RESULTS:
The meta-analysis included 126 myopic children: 64 in the VL group and 62 in the SVS group. The pooled effect size for AL shortening was evaluated as 0.659 ± 0.184, with a 95% credible interval of 0.299–1.023. The pooled effect size for SER decrease was estimated as 0.669 ± 0.188, with a 95% credible interval of 0.303–1.036. Likewise, for VA in Log-MAR, after intervention (VL and SVS), the values were 0.082 ± 0.171 with a credible interval of 0.262–0.423. Publication bias was assessed with a funnel plot, which revealed no bias. Impact sizes for the fixed effect model were determined due to the similarity in study population, geography, type of intervention, and study design.

CONCLUSION:
VL transmission glasses play a significant role in controlling myopia among children, resulting in axial shortening, reduction of SER, and improvement in VA. However, further investigation is required to examine the long-term rebound effect.