bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing marine gas emission activity and contribution to the atmospheric methane inventory: A multidisciplinary approach from the Dutch Dogger Bank seep area (North Sea)
Authors: Römer M. , Wenau S. , Mau S. , Veloso M. , Greinert J. , Schlüter M. , Bohrmann G. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe present a comprehensive study showing new results from a shallow gas seep area in ∼40 m water depth located in the North Sea, Netherlands sector B13 that we call “Dutch Dogger Bank seep area.” It has been postulated that methane presumably originating from a gas reservoir in ∼600 m depth below the seafloor is naturally leaking to the seafloor. Our ship‐based subbottom echosounder data indicate that the migrating gas is trapped in numerous gas pockets in the shallow sediments. The gas pockets are located at the boundary between the top of the Late Pliocene section and overlying fine‐grained sediments, which were deposited during the early Holocene marine transgression after the last glaciation. We mapped gas emissions during three R/V Heincke cruises in 2014, 2015, and 2016 and repeatedly observed up to 850 flares in the study area. Most of them (∼80%) were concentrated at five flare clusters. Our repeated analysis revealed spatial similarities of seep clusters, but also heterogeneities in emission intensities. A first calculation of the methane released from these clusters into the water column revealed a flow rate of 277 L/min (SD = 140), with two clusters emitting 132 and 142 L/min representing the most significant seepage sites. Above these two flare clusters, elevated methane concentrations were recorded in atmospheric measurements. Our results illustrate the effective transport of methane via gas bubbles through a ∼40 m water column, and furthermore provide an estimate of the emission rate needed to allow for a contribution to the atmospheric methane concentration.
Full‐Spectrum Solar‐Light‐Activated Photocatalysts for Light–Chemical Energy Conversion
Authors: Wang Xiaoning , Wang Fulei , Sang Yuanhua , Liu Hong 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe realization of light–chemical energy conversion using solar light is an ideal goal in renewable energy studies. Many reports are concerned with extracting energy from solar light and the use/storage of the converted energy. Due to the progress in solar light absorption with various photocatalysts, the various energy conversion mechanisms using different photonic energies should be summarized. Therefore, the photocatalytic work that light can achieve with a certain photonic energy range, from UV light to visible light to near‐infrared light, is summarized in this review, including the most recent progress concerning light–chemical conversion mechanisms, classified as photocatalytic redox and photothermal catalysis. This review mostly concerns the mechanisms and specific strategies of light–chemical energy conversion based on various photonic energies.
Maize (Zea mays) consumption in the southern andes (30°–31° S. Lat): Stable isotope evidence (2000 BCE–1540 CE)
Authors: Alfonso‐Durruty Marta , Troncoso Andrés , Larach Pablo , Becker Cristian , Misarti Nicole 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe timing and dietary role of maize agriculture is central to archaeological discussions in the Andean region. In the semi‐arid region of northern Chile (SARNC), archaeological models propose that maize was adopted during the Early Ceramic period in tandem with pottery and sedentism. Through stable isotope (SI) analyses, of bone collagen and apatite, this study assesses the timing of maize introduction, diachronic changes (2,000 BCE to 1,540 CE.), and synchronic dietary variability in the prehistoric SARNC.Materials and MethodsFifty‐two prehistoric individuals from SARNC were analyzed for δ13Cap, δ13Ccol, and δ15N. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the results by period and location (inland and coast). Between‐periods (ANOVA or Kruskal‐Wallis tests), and synchronic comparisons (inland vs. coast; Student's t‐tests), were conducted. A SIAR model was run to further evaluate dietary changes. Dietary interpretations are based on food web data.ResultsCoastal groups show significant changes in the diet during the Middle (900‐1,000CE; enrichment in δ13C), and Late Intermediate periods (100‐1450CE; when the Δ13Cap‐col is above 5.2‰). In the inland, significant changes in SI occurred in the Late Intermediate period (δ13C enrichment). In the Late period, the inland diet became enriched for δ15N. Synchronic comparisons showed coastal individuals to have higher δ15N.DiscussionThe popularization of maize in the SARNC was not associated with the appearance of pottery and/or sedentism, and its role as a dietary staple was a late phenomenon (c.a. 1,000CE). The results obtained in this study show that the adoption and consumption of maize varied dramatically in the Southern Andes.
Raw material procurement for termite fishing tools by wild chimpanzees in the Issa valley, Western Tanzania
Authors: Almeida‐Warren Katarina , Sommer Volker , Piel Alex K. , Pascual‐Garrido Alejandra 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectivesChimpanzee termite fishing has been studied for decades, yet the selective processes preceding the manufacture of fishing tools remain largely unexplored. We investigate raw material selection and potential evidence of forward planning in the chimpanzees of Issa valley, western Tanzania.Materials and MethodsUsing traditional archaeological methods, we surveyed the location of plants from where chimpanzees sourced raw material to manufacture termite fishing tools, relative to targeted mounds. We measured raw material abundance to test for availability and selection. Statistics included Chi‐Squared, two‐tailed Wilcoxon, and Kruskall–Wallace tests.ResultsIssa chimpanzees manufactured extraction tools only from bark, despite availability of other suitable materials (e.g., twigs), and selected particular plant species as raw material sources, which they often also exploit for food. Most plants were sourced 1–16 m away from the mound, with a maximum of 33 m. The line of sight from the targeted mound was obscured for a quarter of these plants.DiscussionThe exclusive use of bark tools despite availability of other suitable materials indicates a possible cultural preference. The fact that Issa chimpanzees select specific plant species and travel some distance to source them suggests some degree of selectivity and, potentially, forward planning. Our results have implications for the reconstruction of early hominin behaviors, particularly with regard to the use of perishable tools, which remain archaeologically invisible.
Metallfreier, durch [Si2Ox].+ (x=2–5) katalysierter Sauerstofftransfer im N2O/CO‐Redoxpaar bei Raumtemperatur
Authors: Sun Xiaoyan , Zhou Shaodong , Yue Lei , Schlangen Maria , Schwarz Helmut 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDie durch die metallfreien, kationischen Cluster [Si2Ox].+ (x=2–5) vermittelte Reduktion von N2O durch CO wurde unter thermischen Bedingungen in der Gasphase mit Fouriertransformations‐Ionencyclotronresonanz(FT‐ICR)‐Massenspektrometrie und quantenchemischen Rechnungen untersucht. Ausgehend von [Si2O2].+ und N2O entsteht in drei Oxidations‐/Reduktionsschritten [Si2O5].+. Dieser und die intermediären Oxidcluster reagieren der Reihe nach mit CO unter Rückbildung von [Si2O2].+, d. h., es finden unter thermischen Bedingungen in der Gasphase vollständige Katalysezyklen statt. Mechanistische Aspekte dieser konsekutiven Redoxprozesse wurden untersucht, um die elektronischen Ursachen dieser beispiellosen Reaktionen aufzuklären.
Operando 3D Visualization of Migration and Degradation of a Platinum Cathode Catalyst in a Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell
Authors: Matsui Hirosuke , Ishiguro Nozomu , Uruga Tomoya , Sekizawa Oki , Higashi Kotaro , Maejima Naoyuki , Tada Mizuki 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe three‐dimensional (3D) distribution and oxidation state of a Pt cathode catalyst in a practical membrane electrode assembly (MEA) were visualized in a practical polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) under fuel‐cell operating conditions. Operando 3D computed‐tomography imaging with X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy (CT‐XANES) clearly revealed the heterogeneous migration and degradation of Pt cathode catalyst in an MEA during accelerated degradation test (ADT) of PEFC. The degradative Pt migration proceeded over the entire cathode catalyst layer and spread to MEA depth direction into the Nafion membrane.
Rational Engineering of a Dynamic, Entropy‐Driven DNA Nanomachine for Intracellular MicroRNA Imaging
Authors: Liang Cheng‐Pin , Ma Pei‐Qiang , Liu Hui , Guo Xinggang , Yin Bin‐Cheng , Ye Bang‐Ce 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe rationally engineered an elegant entropy‐driven DNA nanomachine with three‐dimensional track and applied it for intracellular miRNAs imaging. The proposed nanomachine is activated by target miRNA binding to drive a walking leg tethered to gold nanoparticle with a high density of DNA substrates. The autonomous and progressive walk on the DNA track via the entropy‐driven catalytic reaction of intramolecular toehold‐mediated strand migration leads to continuous disassembly of DNA substrates, accompanied by the recovery of fluorescence signal due to the specific release of a dye‐labeled substrate from DNA track. Our nanomachine outperforms the conventional intermolecular reaction‐based gold nanoparticle design in the context of an improved sensitivity and kinetics, attributed to the enhanced local effective concentrations of working DNA components from the proximity‐induced intramolecular reaction. Moreover, the nanomachine was applied for miRNA imaging inside living cells.
Visible‐Light‐Promoted Generation of α‐Ketoradicals from Vinyl‐bromides and Molecular Oxygen: Synthesis of Indenones and Dihydroindeno[1,2‐c]chromenes
Authors: Pagire Santosh K. , Kreitmeier Peter , Reiser Oliver 
Published: June 2017

AbstractOrtho‐alkynylated α‐bromocinnamates can be converted by a visible‐light‐mediated photocascade reaction with molecular oxygen into either indenones or dihydroindeno[1,2‐c]chromenes. The one‐step process features key photochemical steps, that is, the initial activation of vinyl bromides through energy transfer to give α‐ketoradicals in a reaction with molecular oxygen, followed by α‐oxidation of an arene moiety by 6‐π electrocyclization, and subsequent hydroxylation by an electron‐transfer process from the same photocatalyst leads to the dihydroindeno[1,2‐c]chromenes.
Polarization and space charge performance in PVDF with MPB composition BCZT doped composite films
Authors: Lu Haowei , Liu Lizhu , Lin Jiaqi , Yang Wenlong , Weng Ling , Zhang Xiaorui , Chen Gaoru , Huang Wei 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThe morphotropic phase boundary composition 47(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3–0.53Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 (calcium barium zirconate titanate, BCZT) were doped in poly(vinylidene fluoride) matrix by solution casting method. The effect of BCZT particles on polarization characteristics of composite films were investigated through dielectric spectra, hysteresis, and thermally stimulated discharge current measurements. It reveals that relative dielectric constant, remnant polarization, and energy storage density gradually increase and reach the maximum value with 39 at 100 Hz, 1.17 μC/cm2, and 3.69 J/cm3 at the concentration of 20 vol % BCZT. The Gaussian method was employed to decompose thermally stimulated discharge current composite peaks and an approximate model was used to analyze the activation energy levels of these films. The results indicated that the introduction of BCZT is effective for the charge carrier traps and activation energy distribution in the relaxation process of composite films. The decreased molecular movements, and increased interfaces formed between the BCZT grains and the poly(vinylidene fluoride) matrix may be responsible for these performances. And a new relaxation peak appeared at about 370 K in composites when BCZT concentration exceeded 20 vol %, which was considered to be caused by the ferroelectric‐paraelectric phase transition of BCZT. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45362.
Enhancement of the hydrophobicity of recycled polystyrene films using a spin coating unit
Authors: Patiño‐Herrera Rosalba , Catarino‐Centeno R. , González‐Alatorre Guillermo , Gama Goicochea Armando , Pérez Elías 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThis article describes a technique for recycling polystyrene cups (PSr) mixed with poly(butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) to produce PSr/PBMA films and subsequently PSr films by removing PBMA with a selective solvent (acetic acid), with the benefit of a reduction in environmental pollution generated by polystyrene waste. Removal of PBMA increases roughness, which generates a significant increase (
34°) in the water contact angle, reaching its highest value at 128°. By increasing the hydrophobicity of surfaces, properties with important technical applications are acquired such as those used in antifouling paints, stain‐resistant surfaces, and surfaces that avoid the formation and accretion of ice on microelectronic devices. Roughness of PSr/PBMA films is significantly affected by the concentration of both polymers and by the spin rate, reaching its highest value at 2% PSr and 3% PBMA at 2000
. For optimal film deposition, a cheap spin coating unit was designed and built, with a price less than 4% of that of a commercially available spin coating unit. Lastly, it was found that the data obtained with our spin coating unit is described by the Meyerhofer model with accuracy of 88% ± 3%. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45365.
A Seasonal and Age‐Related Study of Interstitial Cells in the Pineal Gland of Male Viscacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus)
Authors: Busolini Fabricio Ivan , Rosales Gabriela Judith , Filippa Verónica Palmira , Mohamed Fabian Heber 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThe pineal gland of viscacha exhibits histophysiological variations throughout the year, with periods of maximal activity in winter and minimal activity in summer. The aim of this work is to analyze the interstitial cells (IC) in the pineal gland of male viscachas in relation to season and age. The S‐100 protein, glio‐fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and vimentin were detected in adult and immature animals by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Double‐IHC was also performed. The S‐100 protein was localized within both, IC nucleus and cytoplasm. GFAP was present only in the cytoplasm. Vimentin was expressed in some IC, besides endothelial cells, and perivascular spaces. In the adult males, the morphometric parameters analyzed for the S‐100 protein and GFAP exhibited seasonal variations with higher values of immunopositive area percentage in winter and lower values in summer, whereas the immature ones showed the lowest values for all the adult animals studied. Colocalization of S‐100 protein and GFAP was observed. The IC exhibited differential expression for the proteins studied, supporting the hypothesis of the neuroectodermal origin. The IC generate an intraglandular communication network, suggesting its participation in the glandular activity regulation processes. The results of double‐IHC might indicate the presence of IC in different functional stages, probably related to the needs of the cellular microenvironment. The morphometric variations in the proteins analyzed between immature and adult viscachas probed to be more salient in the latter, suggesting a direct relationship between the expression of the S‐100 protein and GFAP, and animal age. Anat Rec, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals Inc. Anat Rec, 300:1847–1857, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The adipokinetic hormone of the coleopteran suborder Adephaga: Structure, function, and comparison of distribution in other insects
Authors: Gäde Gerd , Marco Heather G. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe aim of the current study is to identify the adipokinetic hormone(s) (AKHs) of a basal suborder of the species‐rich Coleoptera, the Adephaga, and possibly learn more about the ancestral AKH of beetles. Moreover, we wanted to compare the ancestral AKH with AKHs of more advanced beetles, of which a number are pest insects. This would allow us to assess whether AKH mimetics would be suitable as insecticides, that is, be harmful to the pest species but not to the beneficial species. Nine species of the Adephaga were investigated and all synthesize only one octapeptide in the corpus cardiacum, as revealed by Edman degradation sequencing techniques or by mass spectrometry. The amino acid sequence pGlu‐Leu‐Asn‐Phe‐Ser‐Thr‐Gly‐Trp corresponds to Schgr‐AKH‐II that was first identified in the desert locust. It is assumed that Schgr‐AKH‐II—the peptide of a basal beetle clade—is the ancestral AKH for beetles. Some other beetle families, as well as some Hymenoptera (including honey bees) also contain this peptide, whereas most of the pest beetle species have different AKHs. This argues that those peptides and their receptors should be explored for developing mimetics with insecticidal properties. A scenario where Schgr‐AKH‐II (the only AKH of Adephaga) is used as basic molecular structure to derive almost all other known beetle AKHs via single step mutations is very likely, and supports the interpretation that Schgr‐AKH‐II is the ancestral AKH of Coleoptera.
Intestinal Metabolites Are Profoundly Altered in the Context of HLA–B27 Expression and Functionally Modulate Disease in a Rat Model of Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Asquith Mark , Davin Sean , Stauffer Patrick , Michell Claire , Janowitz Cathleen , Lin Phoebe , Ensign‐Lewis Joe , Kinchen Jason M. , Koop Dennis R. , Rosenbaum James T. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveHLA–B27–associated spondyloarthritides are associated with an altered intestinal microbiota and bowel inflammation. We undertook this study to identify HLA–B27–dependent changes in both host and microbial metabolites in the HLA–B27/β2‐microglobulin (β2m)–transgenic rat and to determine whether microbiota‐derived metabolites could impact disease in this major model of spondyloarthritis.MethodsCecal contents were collected from Fischer 344 33–3 HLA–B27/β2m–transgenic rats and wild‐type controls at 6 weeks (before disease) and 16 weeks (with active bowel inflammation). Metabolomic profiling was performed by high‐throughput gas and liquid chromatography–based mass spectrometry. HLA–B27/β2m–transgenic rats were treated with the microbial metabolites propionate or butyrate in drinking water for 10 weeks, and disease activity was subsequently assessed.ResultsOur screen identified 582 metabolites, of which more than half were significantly altered by HLA–B27 expression at 16 weeks. Both microbial and host metabolites were altered, with multiple pathways affected, including those for amino acid, carbohydrate, xenobiotic, and medium‐chain fatty acid metabolism. Differences were even observed at 6 weeks, with up‐regulation of histidine, tyrosine, spermidine, N‐acetylmuramate, and glycerate in HLA–B27/β2m–transgenic rats. Administration of the short‐chain fatty acid propionate significantly attenuated HLA–B27–associated inflammatory disease, although this was not associated with increased FoxP3+ T cell induction or with altered expression of the immunomodulatory cytokines interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) or IL‐33 or of the tight junction protein zonula occludens 1. HLA–B27 expression was also associated with altered host expression of messenger RNA for the microbial metabolite receptors free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2), FFAR3, and niacin receptor 1.ConclusionHLA–B27 expression profoundly impacts the intestinal metabolome, with changes evident in rats even at age 6 weeks. Critically, we demonstrate that a microbial metabolite, propionate, attenuates development of HLA–B27–associated inflammatory disease. These and other microbiota‐derived bioactive mediators may provide novel treatment modalities in HLA–B27–associated spondyloarthritides.
Fast precision estimation in high‐dimensional multivariate joint models
Authors: Nassiri Vahid , Ivanova Anna , Molenberghs Geert , Verbeke Geert 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA fast way is proposed based on the multiple outputation idea (Hoffman et al., ; Follmann et al., ) to calculate the precision of parameter estimates for high‐dimensional multivariate joint models using a pairwise approach (Fieuws and Verbeke, ; Fieuws et al., ). Simulation results as well as data analysis shows possibly more than 2500 times faster computations using the proposed method. In our real data illustration, the time gain is more than 330 times.
Simultaneous quantification of imatinib and its main metabolite N‐demethyl‐imatinib in human plasma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and its application to therapeutic drug monitoring in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor
Authors: Zhuang Wei , Qiu Hai‐Bo , Chen Xin‐Meng , Yuan Xiu‐Hong , Yang Li‐Fang , Sun Xiao‐Wei , Zhou Xiao‐Jun , Huang Min , Wang Xue‐Ding , Zhou Zhi‐Wei 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to improve and validate a more stable and less time‐consuming method based on liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐ MS/MS) for the quantitative measurement of imatinib and its metabolite N‐demethyl‐imatinib (NDI) in human plasma. Separation of analytes was performed on a Waters XTerra RP18 column (50 × 2.1 mm i.d., 3.5 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of methanol–acetonitrile–water (65:20:15, v/v/v) with 0.05% formic acid at a flow‐rate of 0.2 mL/min. The Quattro MicroTM triple quadruple mass spectrometer was operated in the multiple‐reaction‐monitoring mode via positive electrospray ionization interface using the transitions m/z 494.0 → 394.0 for imatinib, m/z 479.6 → 394.0 for NDI and m/z 488.2 → 394.0 for IS. The method was linear over 0.01–10 μg/mL for imatinib and NDI. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were all <15% in terms of relative standard deviation, and the accuracy was within ±15% in terms of relative error for both imatinib and NDI. The lower limit of quantification was identifiable and reproducible at 10 ng/mL. The method was sensitive, specific and less time‐consuming and it was successfully applied in gastrointestinal stromal tumor patients treated with imatinib.
Pharmacokinetic comparison of two phenolic acids after oral administration of Typhae pollen to normal rats and rats with acute cold blood stasis
Authors: Pan Yingni , Zhang Wenjie , Zhang Wei , Bai Xuewei , Ren Shumeng , Zheng Jiang , Wang Dongmei , Liu Xiaoqiu 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTyphae Pollen, dried pollen of Typha angustifolia L., Typha orientalis Presl or other plants of the same genus (Typhaeceae), has the effect of activating the circulation to cure blood stasis in traditional Chinese Medicine. The purpose of this study was to set up an ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography method that could determine p‐hydroxybenzoic acid and vanillic acid simultaneously in rat plasma, and to compare their pharmacokinetics in normal rats and rats with acute cold blood stasis, and further to investigate the influence of different dosages of oral administration. The pharmacokinetic parameters obtained showed that both of the phenolic acids had a higher bioavailability in rats with cold blood stasis than that in normal rats with a higher area under the concentration–time curve and longer mean residence time, and the high dose oral administration group had a higher capacity in blood stasis rats than in normal rats. These results reminded us that changes in health condition could alter the absorption and elimination of both phenolic acids in vivo, and the pharmacokinetic study under pathological conditions provides important information for more rational drug use in clinical situations.