bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lower airway disease and pituitary surgery: Is there an association with postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak?
Authors: Hanba Curtis , Svider Peter F. , Jacob Jeffrey T. , Guthikonda Murali , Liu James K. , Eloy Jean Anderson , Folbe Adam J. 
Published: December 2016

Objectives/HypothesisTo explore the relationship between lower airway disease and postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea among patients undergoing pituitary surgeryStudy DesignRetrospective review.MethodsA retrospective review of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's 2013 National Inpatient Sample was conducted to characterize the hospital stay and surgical outcomes of patients undergoing pituitary surgery. Patients with lower airway disease (including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma) were compared to a disease‐free population identifying demographics and complications over‐represented in the lower airway group.ResultsThe majority of hypophysectomies (92.1%) were performed via a transsphenoidal approach. Among transsphenoidal patients, individuals with asthma (92.8% of the lower airway disease cohort) harbored a greater postoperative CSF leak rate (4.7% vs. 2.7%, P = .022), and were more likely to develop postoperative diabetes insipidus (6.2% vs. 4.1%, P = .024) and neurological complications (13.0% vs. 9.6%, P = .010) when compared to a lower airway disease‐free cohort. Patients with CSF rhinorrhea had longer lengths of stay (7.8 days vs. 4.5 days, P < .001) and higher discharge costs ($148,309 vs. $76,246, P < .001). A binary logistic regression model identified having asthma (P = .042), being female (P = .011), and having gastroesophageal reflux disease (P = .006) as independent predictors of postoperative CSF rhinorrhea.ConclusionsSeveral patient comorbidities including asthma are associated with a greater risk of postoperative CSF rhinorrhea. Perioperative lower airway assessment and disease control may potentially decrease one's risk of this complication, although further inquiry is urgently needed to identify optimal preventive strategies.Level of Evidence2c. Laryngoscope, 127:1543–1550, 2017
Desolvation Induced Origami of Photocurable Polymers by Digit Light Processing
Authors: Zhao Zeang , Wu Jiangtao , Mu Xiaoming , Chen Haosen , Qi H. Jerry , Fang Daining 
Published: December 2016

Self‐folding origami is of great interest in current research on functional materials and structures, but there is still a challenge to develop a simple method to create freestanding, reversible, and complex origami structures. This communication provides a feasible solution to this challenge by developing a method based on the digit light processing technique and desolvation‐induced self‐folding. In this new method, flat polymer sheets can be cured by a light field from a commercial projector with varying intensity, and the self‐folding process is triggered by desolvation in water. Folded origami structures can be recovered once immersed in the swelling medium. The self‐folding process is investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Diverse 3D origami shapes are demonstrated. This method can be used for responsive actuators and the fabrication of 3D electronic devices.
image
Modeling RAFT Gelation and Grafting of Polymer Brushes for the Production of Molecularly Imprinted Functional Particles
Authors: Oliveira Daniela , Dias Rolando C.S. , Costa Mário R.P.F.N. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryRAFT precipitation polymerization was here used for the molecular imprinting of 5‐fluorouracil (a drug used in cancer treatment) followed by grafting of polymer functional brushes in the particles surface. Materials combining high molecular recognition capabilities and stimulation triggered by changes in the surrounding environment (e.g. pH/temperature) have thus been sought. Mathematical modeling of the RAFT copolymerization of vinyl/divinyl monomers was used to describe the crosslinking process involved in the molecular imprinting step. The size of the grafted polymer functional brushes was estimated using models for the calculation of molecular weight distribution in RAFT homopolymerization. One of the goals of this study consists in the development of polymer reaction engineering tools for the design of synthesis conditions leading to tailored molecularly imprinted particles with responsive features. A first sketch of the two steps involved in the production of the MIP responsive particles is here presented. However, the need for new kinetic studies accounting for specificities of the molecular imprinting and surface extension processes (e.g. presence of template during molecular imprinting and solvent effects) is here identified. Measurements of the dynamics of gelation and brushes growth are also needed to perform model validation. Improvement on the modeling of RAFT gelation with heterogeneous conditions avoiding some simplifications and the amelioration of the numerical efficiency in the calculation of the MWD of RAFT polymers are other issues to be addressed in future works.
Encapsulation of Gibbsite Platelets With Free Radical and Controlled Radical Emulsion Polymerization Approaches, a Small Review
Authors: Loiko Olessya P. , Spoelstra Anne B. , van Herk Alexander M. , Meuldijk Jan , Heuts Johan P.A. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryWater‐borne anisotropic polymer‐Gibbsite latex particles were prepared by a conventional and an atom transfer radical polymerisation (ATRP) based starved‐feed emulsion polymerisation without any chemical modification of the platelet surface. Anionic co‐oligomers, synthesised via ATRP, were used in both approaches. In the conventional‐based route charged co‐oligomer acted as stabiliser for the initial platelets and the latex particles formed. In case of an ATRP‐based approach the co‐oligomer not only served as stabiliser, but also as a macroinitiator for Activator ReGenerated by Electron Transfer (ARGET) ATRP‐based starved‐feed emulsion polymerisation. Cryo‐TEM characterization of the resulting nanocomposites showed successfully encapsulated platelets in the conventional‐based approach and a “muffin‐like” morphology in the ATRP‐based one.
Chipless RFID tag with an improved magnitude and robustness of RCS response
Authors: Svanda Milan , Polivka Milan , Havlicek Jaroslav , Machac Jan 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper describes properties of a new 20‐bit chipless RFID tag of the size 52 × 50 mm2, which exhibits an improved magnitude and robustness of the radar cross section. The tag is based on a novel slots‐in‐plate array approach, which is complementary to a typical tag consisting of an array of single resonators. In order to eliminate the detuning effect of the missing or shortening slots representing ‘0’ bit information on the resonances of neighbouring slots signifying ‘1’ bit information, the modification of the inter‐element arrangement was proposed. Both ways of ‘0’ bit information coding were studied and compared. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:488–492, 2017
From Form to Function to Sustainable Solutions? Reforming Public Sectors in Low Income Countries: New Approaches and Available Evidence of “What Works”
Authors: Fritz Verena 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThe article reviews the evidence about success of public sector reforms in low and middle income countries, external support for such reforms, and recent ideas of how such support could be better designed and implemented. Enthusiasm for supporting public sector reforms has decreased over the past decade, and available data suggest that there has been little overall improvement. However, it also indicates that a small number of countries have significantly strengthened their public sectors over the past 10 to 20 years. The article then reviews five new approaches that have been proposed for better supporting public sector reforms. It looks at how they diagnose what has not worked and the implications of what should be carried out differently. Furthermore, it explores to what extent the available evidence of overall stagnation as well as of success cases fits with these proposed alternatives, to gauge to what extent they are likely to make a difference. The final section sets out the implications. Development agencies should seek to deliberately test a combination of the proposed alternative approaches, particularly in more difficult contexts, taking political feasibility as a basis and adding other elements. The urgency to make progress remains high. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
En route towards the peptide γ‐helix: X‐ray diffraction analyses and conformational energy calculations of Adm‐rich short peptides
Authors: Mazzier Daniela , Grassi Luigi , Moretto Alessandro , Alemán Carlos , Formaggio Fernando , Toniolo Claudio , Crisma Marco 
Published: December 2016

We performed the solution‐phase synthesis of a set of model peptides, including homo‐oligomers, based on the 2‐aminoadamantane‐2‐carboxylic acid (Adm) residue, an extremely bulky, highly lipophilic, tricyclic, achiral, Cα‐tetrasubstituted α‐amino acid. In particular, for the difficult peptide coupling reaction between two Adm residues, we took advantage of the Meldal's α‐azidoacyl chloride approach. Most of the synthesized Adm peptides were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses. The results indicate a significant propensity for the Adm residue to adopt γ‐turn and γ‐turn‐like conformations. Interestingly, we found that a ‐CO‐(Adm)2‐NH‐ sequence is folded in the crystal state into a regular, incipient γ‐helix, at variance with the behavior of all of the homo‐dipeptides from Cα‐tetrasubstituted α‐amino acids already investigated, which tend to adopt either the β‐turn or the fully extended conformation. Our density functional theory conformational energy calculations on the terminally blocked homo‐peptides (n = 2–8) fully confirmed the crystal‐state data, strongly supporting the view that this rigid Cα‐tetrasubstituted α‐amino acid residue is largely the most effective building block for γ‐helix induction, although to a limited length (anti‐cooperative effect). Copyright © 2016 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assimilation for skin SST in the NASA GEOS atmospheric data assimilation system
Authors: Akella Santha , Todling Ricardo , Suarez Max 
Published: December 2016

The present article describes the sea surface temperature (SST) developments implemented in the Goddard Earth Observing System, Version 5 (GEOS) Atmospheric Data Assimilation System (ADAS). These are enhancements that contribute to the development of an atmosphere–ocean coupled data assimilation system using GEOS. In the current quasi‐operational GEOS‐ADAS, the SST is a boundary condition prescribed based on the OSTIA product, therefore SST and skin SST (Ts) are identical.This work modifies the GEOS‐ADAS Ts by modelling and assimilating near sea surface sensitive satellite infrared (IR) observations. The atmosphere–ocean interface layer of the GEOS atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) is updated to include near‐surface diurnal warming and cool‐skin effects. The GEOS analysis system is also updated to directly assimilate SST‐relevant Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) radiance observations.Data assimilation experiments designed to evaluate the Ts modification in GEOS‐ADAS show improvements in the assimilation of radiance observations that extend beyond the thermal infrared bands of AVHRR. In particular, many channels of hyperspectral sensors, such as those of the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), and Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) are also better assimilated. We also obtained improved fit to withheld insitu buoy measurement of near‐surface SST. Evaluation of forecast skill scores show neutral to marginal benefit from the modified Ts.
Performance analysis of next generation web access via satellite
Authors: Secchi R. , Mohideen A. C. , Fairhurst G. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryResponsiveness is a critical metric for web performance. Recent work in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) has resulted in a new set of web protocols, including definition of the hypertext transfer protocol version 2 (HTTP/2) and a corresponding set of TCP updates. Together, these have been designed to reduce the web page download latency compared with HTTP/1.1. This paper describes the main features of the new protocols and discusses the impact of path delay on their expected performance. It then presents a set of tests to evaluate whether current implementations of the new protocols can offer benefit with an operational satellite access network and suggests how the specifications can evolve and be tuned to further enhance performance for long network paths. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reengineering of the feedback-inhibition enzyme N-acetyl-l-glutamate kinase to enhance l-arginine production in Corynebacterium crenatum
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Xu Meijuan , Ge Xiaoxun , Zhang Xian , Yang Taowei , Xu Zhenghong , Rao Zhiming 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
N-acetyl-l-glutamate kinase (NAGK) catalyzes the second step of l-arginine biosynthesis and is inhibited by l-arginine in Corynebacterium crenatum. To ascertain the basis for the arginine sensitivity of CcNAGK, residue E19 which located at the entrance of the Arginine-ring was subjected to site-saturated mutagenesis and we successfully illustrated the inhibition-resistant mechanism. Typically, the E19Y mutant displayed the greatest deregulation of l-arginine feedback inhibition. An equally important strategy is to improve the catalytic activity and thermostability of CcNAGK. For further strain improvement, we used site-directed mutagenesis to identify mutations that improve CcNAGK. Results identified variants I74V, F91H and K234T display higher specific activity and thermostability. The l-arginine yield and productivity of the recombinant strain C. crenatum SYPA-EH3 (which possesses a combination of all four mutant sites, E19Y/I74V/F91H/K234T) reached 61.2 and 0.638 g/L/h, respectively, after 96 h in 5 L bioreactor fermentation, an increase of approximately 41.8% compared with the initial strain.
Molecular methods resolve the bacterial composition of natural marine biofilms on galvanically coupled stainless steel cathodes
Authors: Oldham Athenia L , Steinberg Mia K , Duncan Kathleen E , Makama Zakari , Beech Iwona 
Published: December 2016

AbstractNavy vessels consist of various metal alloys and biofilm accumulation at the metal surface is thought to play a role in influencing metal deterioration. To develop better strategies to monitor and control metallic biofilms, it is necessary to resolve the bacterial composition within the biofilm. This study aimed to determine if differences in electrochemical current could influence the composition of dominant bacteria in a metallic biofilm, and if so, determine the level of resolution using metagenomic amplicon sequencing. Current was generated by creating galvanic couples between cathodes made from stainless steel and anodes made from carbon steel, aluminum, or copper nickel and exposing them in the Delaware Bay. Stainless steel cathodes (SSCs) coupled to aluminum or carbon steel generated a higher mean current (0.39 mA) than that coupled to copper nickel (0.17 mA). Following 3 months of exposure, the bacterial composition of biofilms collected from the SSCs was determined and compared. Dominant bacterial taxa from the two higher current SSCs were different from that of the low-current SSC as determined by DGGE and verified by Illumina DNA-seq analysis. These results demonstrate that electrochemical current could influence the composition of dominant bacteria in metallic biofilms and that amplicon sequencing is sufficient to complement current methods used to study metallic biofilms in marine environments.
The Confluence of Psychiatric Symptoms and Neurodegenerative Disease: Impact on Genetic Counseling
Authors: Goldman Jill S. , Huey Edward D. , Thorne Deborah Z. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractHereditary neurodegenerative diseases can present with a psychiatric prodrome that overlaps with psychiatric symptoms that are not primary to these diseases. When individuals present for predictive testing while experiencing such symptoms, clinicians including genetic counselors, must proceed with caution and evaluate each situation on a case‐by‐case basis. Legitimate reasons may exist for moving forward with testing. Additionally predicting the consequences of testing is unrealistic so that the clinicians must do their best to prepare patients for both positive and negative results. A multidisciplinary team following the Huntington disease protocol remains the gold standard care for predictive testing for such patients. We discuss 3 case histories that demonstrate the complex nature of genetic counseling and testing in the presence of psychiatric symptoms, whether emanating from the disease itself or the results of living in an affected family.
Serum n‐3 Tetracosapentaenoic Acid and Tetracosahexaenoic Acid Increase Following Higher Dietary α‐Linolenic Acid but not Docosahexaenoic Acid
Authors: Metherel Adam H. , Domenichiello Anthony F. , Kitson Alex P. , Lin Yu‐Hong , Bazinet Richard P. 
Published: December 2016

Abstractn‐3 Tetracosapentaenoic acid (24:5n‐3, TPAn‐3) and tetracosahexaenoic acid (24:6n‐3, THA) are believed to be important intermediates to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n‐3) synthesis. The purpose of this study is to report for the first time serum concentrations of TPAn‐3 and THA and their response to changing dietary α‐linolenic acid (18:3n‐3, ALA) and DHA. The responses will then be used in an attempt to predict the location of these fatty acids in relation to DHA in the biosynthetic pathway. Male Long Evans rats (n = 6 per group) were fed either a low (0.1% of total fatty acids), medium (3%) or high (10%) ALA diet with no added DHA, or a low (0%), medium (0.2%) or high (2%) DHA diet with a background of 2% ALA for 8 weeks post‐weaning. Serum n‐3 and n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentrations (nmol/mL ± SEM) were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Serum THA increases from low (0.3 ± 0.1) to medium (5.8 ± 0.7) but not from medium to high (4.6 ± 0.9) dietary ALA, while serum TPAn‐3 increases with increasing dietary ALA from 0.09 ± 0.04 to 0.70 ± 0.09 to 1.23 ± 0.14 nmol/mL. Following DHA feeding, neither TPAn‐3 or THA change across all dietary DHA intake levels. Serum TPAn‐3 demonstrates a similar response to dietary DHA. In conclusion, this is the first study to demonstrate that increases in dietary ALA but not DHA increase serum TPAn‐3 and THA in rats, suggesting that both fatty acids are precursors to DHA in the biosynthetic pathway.
Social Amplification: A Mechanism in the Spread of Brand Usage
Authors: East Robert , Uncles Mark , Romaniuk Jenni , Lomax Wendy 
Published: December 2016

This paper is concerned with the way in which positive word of mouth (PWOM) about brands spreads their usage. We find that brand users, who have heard positive comments on their brand, offer nearly twice as much PWOM as users who have not heard such comments. We identify a transmission mechanism that underpins the production of PWOM; specifically, that social amplification underlies this effect. While brands are at the core of our investigation, background theory comes from the literature on diffusion and the adoption of new products. We explain the social basis of new product adoption and argue that social amplification works alongside the classic infectious disease model of diffusion and results in further adoptions when the extra WOM reaches non-users. We support this account with evidence using data from studies on branded mobile phones, movies, vacation destinations, hotels, restaurants and fashion stores. It is proposed that recommendation received from others stimulates more PWOM because it provides a script which the receiver of the recommendation can use in subsequent conversations, and we offer empirical support for this proposal.
Cognitive complaints in older adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease are associated with altered resting‐state networks
Authors: Contreras Joey A. , Goñi Joaquín , Risacher Shannon L. , Amico Enrico , Yoder Karmen , Dzemidzic Mario , West John D. , McDonald Brenna C. , Farlow Martin R. , Sporns Olaf , Saykin Andrew J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntroductionPathophysiological changes that accompany early clinical symptoms in prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD) may have a disruptive influence on brain networks. We investigated resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI), combined with brain connectomics, to assess changes in whole‐brain functional connectivity (FC) in relation to neurocognitive variables.MethodsParticipants included 58 older adults who underwent rsfMRI. Individual FC matrices were computed based on a 278‐region parcellation. FastICA decomposition was performed on a matrix combining all subjects' FC. Each FC pattern was then used as a response in a multilinear regression model including neurocognitive variables associated with AD (cognitive complaint index [CCI] scores from self and informant, an episodic memory score, and an executive function score).ResultsThree connectivity independent component analysis (connICA) components (RSN, VIS, and FP‐DMN FC patterns) associated with neurocognitive variables were identified based on prespecified criteria. RSN‐pattern, characterized by increased FC within all resting‐state networks, was negatively associated with self CCI. VIS‐pattern, characterized by an increase in visual resting‐state network, was negatively associated with CCI self or informant scores. FP‐DMN‐pattern, characterized by an increased interaction of frontoparietal and default mode networks (DMN), was positively associated with verbal episodic memory.DiscussionSpecific patterns of FC were differently associated with neurocognitive variables thought to change early in the course of AD. An integrative connectomics approach relating cognition to changes in FC may help identify preclinical and early prodromal stages of AD and help elucidate the complex relationship between subjective and objective indices of cognitive decline and differences in brain functional organization.
Burnout en estudiantes de enfermería de una universidad privada
Authors: Uribe T. María Ángela , Illesca P. Mónica 
Published: December 2016

Introducción: El síndrome de burnout es común a todas las personas que realizan cualquier actividad laboral y se ven sobrepasados por la falta de tiempo, el exceso de tareas, el incremento de obligaciones y la conciencia sobre la imposibilidad de cumplir con lo planeado; no es exclusivo de género, raza, estatus social, profesión o edad. El burnout académico surge de la presunción de que los estudiantes, específicamente universitarios, al igual que cualquier profesional, se encuentran con presiones y sobrecargas académicas propias de este colectivo. Ellos mantienen una relación de compensación directa e indirecta con la institución, evidenciada en apoyos económicos, becas, reconocimientos. De esta manera, la sobreexigencia del trabajo sería equivalente al exceso de actividades y tareas propias del proceso de aprendizaje.
Objetivo: Determinar la presencia del síndrome de burnout en los estudiantes de la carrera de Enfermería de una universidad privada de Chile, expresado en las variables sociodemográficas-académicas y la relación de los niveles de burnout, los ámbitos actitudinales y comportamentales.
Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte trasversal a 244 sujetos. Para recolectar los datos se utilizó la Escala Unidimensional del Burnout Estudiantil y un instrumento para la obtención de antecedentes sociodemográficos y académicos. El análisis es descriptivo, expresado en tablas de distribución de frecuencia, y la asociación entre las variables, mediante el índice de correlación de Spearman y Chi2.
Resultados: El 100% de los estudiantes presentaron burnout académico, prevaleciendo el nivel «leve» (73.4%) y predominando el indicador comportamental. En el análisis de asociación del síndrome con las variables sociodemográficas y cadémicas no se apreció una relación significativa.