bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ATDnet Detection Efficiency and Cloud Lightning Detection Characteristics from Comparison with the HyLMA during HyMeX SOP1
Authors: Enno Sven-Erik , Anderson Graeme , Sugier Jacqueline 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis study provides the first comprehensive quantitative detection efficiency (DE) estimation of the Met Office long-range very low-frequency (VLF) lightning location system, the Arrival Time Difference Network ATDnet, with a focus on cloud flash detection. ATDnet uses sensors in and around Europe to detect lightning in Europe, northern Africa, and northern parts of the Atlantic.In the present paper, ATDnet is validated against the Hydrological Cycle in the Mediterranean Experiment (HyMeX) Lightning Mapping Array (HyLMA) deployed in the south of France in autumn 2012 as a part of the HyMeX project Special Observation Period 1 (SOP1). Three storms (on 5, 11, and 25 September 2012) were selected for this study, as their activity was sufficient to provide good statistics but also low enough to avoid ambiguous situations due to temporally overlapping flashes.The overall ATDnet flash DE was approximately 89% for the 281 ground flashes [cloud to ground (CG)] and 24% for the 1324 cloud flashes [inter/intracloud (IC)] during the storms. It was also demonstrated that variations in cloud flash characteristics (e.g., flash vertical extent) have a significant impact on DE between and during the studied storms.
Clinicopathological features and treatment outcomes of the rare, salivary duct carcinoma of parotid gland
Authors: Al-Qahtani Khalid Hussain , Tunio Mutahir A. , Bayoumi Yasser , Gurusamy Venkada Manickam , Bahamdain Fahad Ahmed A. , Fatani Hanadi 
Published: May 2016

Background Salivary ductal carcinoma (SDC) of parotid gland is a rare and aggressive entity; accounting for 1–3 % of all malignant salivary gland tumors, 0.2 % of epithelial salivary gland neoplasms, 0.5 % of salivary gland carcinomas, and 1.1 % of parotid gland carcinomas. Here in we aimed to evaluate the clinico-pathological features and treatment outcomes of parotid gland SDC in Saudi population. Methods Among 38 patients with parotid malignancies, who were treated in two major tertiary care referral cancer centers between December 2007 and December 2014, seven cases (18.4 %) were found to have SDC, which were investigated for clinicopathological features, locoregional recurrences (LRRs), distant metastasis (DM) and survival rates. Results Mean age of cohort was 62.3 years (range: 41–83) and female predominant (71.4 %). All patients underwent total parotidectomy and ipsilateral neck dissection. Mean tumor size was 3.4 cm (range: 2.1–5.3); perineural invasion (85.8 %); lymph node involvement (42.9 %); and HER-2 neu overexpression (28.6 %). Postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) was given to six patients (dose: 50–66 Gy). Median follow-up was 20.2 months (range: 11–48). LRRs were seen in five (71.4 %) patients (base of skull, 3 patients; cervical nodes, one patient; parotid bed, one patient). LRRs were salvaged with resection (two patients) and re-irradiation (one patient with base of skull). DM in lungs was seen in three patients (42.8 %); one treated with carboplatin/paclitaxel based chemotherapy. The 4-year disease free and overall survival rates were 16.7 % and 40 % respectively. Conclusion SDC of parotid gland is a rare and aggressive entity, and most of LRRs were seen in the base of skull, which warrants inclusion of base of skull in clinical target volume in PORT planning. Role of anti HER-2 targeted therapy in SDC with HER-2 neu overexpression needs further investigations.
Patterns of awareness – preschool teachers’ integration of art and mathematics
Authors: Ahlskog-Björkman Eva , Björklund Camilla 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate how preschool teachers reason about art in thematic work where art and mathematics are integrated. Specific research questions were: how do teachers reason about learning goals in thematic work and what meaning do art and aesthetics contribute to children’s learning? Data for analysis were collected from a digitally distributed questionnaire that was answered by 27 participants from Finland and Sweden. Participants were selected from preschool teacher networks and from municipalities’ official websites of preschool staff. The method for analysis was explorative and inductive, as we condensed meaning from the written answers. A meta-analysis revealed that art and aesthetics appear mainly as a means for children’s learning of other knowledge areas or as experiences bearing their own values. In contrast, the analysis also revealed that integration of art and mathematics may contribute to the learning of both knowledge contents, for deeper and conceptual learning.
Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur lärare i daghem och förskola resonerar om skapande i temaarbete där skapande och matematik är integrerat. Forskningsfrågorna var: hur resonerar lärare om lärandemål i temaarbete och vilken betydelse bidrar skapande och estetik med för barns lärande? Data samlades in genom ett digitalt frågeformulär som besvarades av 27 deltagare från Finland och Sverige. Deltagarna kontaktades via lärarnätverk och kommuners officiella websidor över personal i förskola och daghem. Analysmetoden var explorativ och induktiv, vilket innebar kondensering av mening uttryckt i de textbaserade svaren. En meta-analys visade att skapande och estetik förekommer främst som medel för barns lärande av andra kunskapsområden eller som upplevelser med egna värden. Som kontrast visade analysen också att integrering av skapande och matematik kan bidra till lärande inom båda kunskapsområdena med fördjupat kunnande och begreppsligt lärande som följd.
Profit Tax Evasion under Wage Bargaining Structure
Authors: Wu T.C. Michael 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis paper deals with the neutrality of profit taxes levied on firms as well as the implications of tax evasion in economies with right-to-manage wage formation and efficient bargaining, respectively. Contrary to the outcome under competitive labor markets, we show that profit taxes are not neutral and the firm’s tax evasion decision is not separable from its production decision under right-to-manage wage formation, where a trade union and firm bargain over the wage rate (except in the special case of a monopoly union). A similar conclusion follows from an efficient bargaining model, where a trade union and firm bargain over both the wage rate and employment. In addition, wage bargaining plays an important role in determining the optimal profit tax and the enforcement policy.
The expression of legal argumentation: Towards a methodology for narrative studies of ‘discourses of subsumption’
Authors: Björling Erik 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis article focuses on methods for studying legal argumentation in civil law case law material, more specifically argumentation as part of a discourse of subsumption as it is performed in civil procedure case law. The discourse of subsumption is described as revolving around a logic where legal norms are separated from non-legal norms and then matched with facts that are separated from non-(relevant)facts. The article describes theoretical and methodological possibilities of rewriting the discourse of subsumption into a discourse that approaches law as a normative and continuous process of ‘becoming’ rather than a discourse that revolves around the ‘existence’ of law. The advantage of such a reconstruction is that the focus on the process of ‘becoming’ provides answers to ‘how-questions’ rather than ‘what-questions’. By studying case law material, not as an argumentation based on the representation of law but as an expression of legal argumentation, it is possible to gain a deeper understanding on how subsumption is performed and what kind of normative transformation it entails. The theoretical framework of the paper builds upon the notion of a flat ontology and discourse- and narratology-terminology. Methodological concepts such aslegal enthymemes,narrative dissonanceandoverdetermined subject positionsare presented as concrete tools to understand problematic aspects within the discourses of subsumption, revealing normative aspects of legal argumentation that is not openly legitimated within a discourse that revolves around the ‘existence’ of law.
Fairness in statutory interpretation: Text, purpose or intention?
Authors: Aalto-Heinilä Maija 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
There is a persistent debate in legal theory concerning the correct way of approaching written statutes. The parties can roughly be divided into textualists, who think that the law-applier should stick to the text of the statute, and purposivists (or intentionalists), who either think that the interpreter should take text-external purposes and intentions into account, or that the law-applier necessarily does that whenever she interprets a statute. My aim in this article is not to decide which approach better advances fairness and justice, but to investigate the assumptions about the nature of language and meaning that are presupposed in the debate, and evaluate these assumptions with the help of Ludwig Wittgenstein and Paul Grice. The article ends by overcoming, at the level of meaning, the dichotomy between text and purpose, and by reminding us of the responsibility that this conception of meaning brings about.
Justice and the right to non-functionality
Authors: Ponzio Augusto 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
In the global social situation today, the characteristic shared by living together in social systems is the community, the work community, precisely, as much as it may differ from one system to the next. Legal systems today are profoundly affected by reference to the work community. For example, to be employed is considered as a condition for the “extra-communitarian”, one who does not belong to the community, to be accepted into the community. The “unemployed communitarian” is tolerated insofar as he or she belongs to the community, even if excluded from the right to a life that is not limited to the mere subsistence level. The right to not being functional is the right to being an end in oneself and not a means, the right to otherness understood as absolute otherness and not merely relative otherness. In today’s world, the “communication-production” world, development, efficiency, competitiveness (to the point of accepting the extrema ratio of war) are fundamental values to the extent that the right to non-functional appears to be subversive (non suspect subversion?). The non-functional is the human. This paper focuses on the essential nature of the right to being non-functional. The goal is to work for justice that is also equity (fairness) and for the right to life that is also the right to the quality of life.
Накопичення основних дозотвірних радіонуклідів в організмі лося, що мешкає на території радіоактивного забруднення
Authors: Gulakov A. V. 
Published: May 2016

The data of long-term study of the 137Cs content in the elks inhabited the radioactive contaminated areas are presented. Essential fluctuations of the 137Cs level in the bodies are noted. It is shown that the bioaccumulation of the radionuclide in a muscular tissue deрends on its content in the animals’ food. The obtained results have the important practical value for hunting in radioactive polluted territories.
Influence of moderate physical load on parameters of the immune system among residents of contaminated areas
Authors: Sokolenko V. L. , Sokolenko S. V. 
Published: May 2016

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of physical stress caused by physical activity on parameters of immune system among the residents of areas contaminated with radionuclides. In the 2000–2015 we examined 125 students ofCherkasyStateUniversity, including the control group of people from uncontaminated areas, persons working in a basic physical training group and those with symptoms of vegetative-vascular dystonia, who worked in a therapeutic physical training group. Immune system parameters were analyzed: a day before physical training, immediately after the training and two days after the training to assess the recovery period. Indicators of cellular immunity were determined by immunophenotyping and dyeing on Romanowsky-Giemsa. The level of immunoglobulins in blood serum was determined by radial immunodiffusion on Mancini. The level of cortisol in blood serum was determined by the immunoenzyme method. Here we established that even in the absence of physical activity, some immunosuppression of T-cell immunity was observed in residents of contaminated areas. Working in the basic physical training group resulted in a significant decrease in the relative number of lymphocytes and increasing in the relative number of band neutrophils, which is a typical feature of the early stages of stress response. A statistically significant reduction in relative and absolute number of cells with phenotypes CD3+, CD5+, CD4+ and immunoregulatory index CD4+/CD8+ was observed. There were no significant changes of cytotoxic T lymphocytes with phenotype CD8+ and natural killer cells with phenotype CD16+. Increase of the relative number of B cells, that express CD72 antigen, and growth trend in serum IgM were registered. All parameters analyzed were within the physiological homeostatic norm, however, some reached extreme recommended levels. Recovery period lasted 2 days. Individuals working in therapeutic physical training group did not show statistically significant changes in immune system parameters. Thus, therapeutic exercises don't reach the stress level and can be potentially safe for the natural resistance of the body. So, among residents of areas contaminated with radionuclides due to the Chernobyl accident, moderate load during physical training lessons causes short-term compensatory changes of cellular immunity within the homeostatic norm with effective and rapid recovery. Taking into account the immunosuppression, caused by chronic exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation, it is important to choose exercises, their duration and intensity carefully , giving preference to therapeutic exercises.
Un gigante olvidado. Un llamado a la conservación del caracol nativo, Megalobulimus oblongus (Mollusca, Strophocheilidae), en Colombia.
Authors: Páez Adriana Paola , Calderón Andrea Carolina , Pineda Ivan Andres , Velásquez Luz Helena , Ruiz Julian 
Published: May 2016

El caracol nativo Megalobulimus oblongus, también conocido como guácara, caracol criollo o caracol de boca rosada es una especie de caracol terrestre suramericana, que se encuentra en Colombia, Bolivia, Brasil y Venezuela; alcanza cerca de 100mm de alto y 60 mm de ancho, con una apertura de borde grueso y rosado, posee 4 tentáculos en la cabeza y dos grandes barbelos alrededor de la región oral, es de hábitos nocturnos, detritívora y puede vivir hasta 14 años. Desde el punto de vista alimentario, tiene importantes características que lo posicionan como una fuente de gran calidad nutricional que podría ser un buen suplemento alimentario para las personas y los animales; contando adicionalmente con gran potencial para la industria cosmética y artesanal. Sin embargo, hoy en día su existencia está amenazada por la destrucción de su hábitat, la extracción de especímenes de las poblaciones naturales, para el comercio ilegal y su similitud en tamaño con el caracol gigante africano. El objetivo del presente ensayo es hacer un llamado a la comunidad científica nacional para desarrollar estrategias de conservación y de aprovechamiento sostenible del caracol nativo a través del estudio profundo de su potencial nutricional, cosmético y artesanal.
PENERAPAN METODE GEOFISIKA UNTUK PEMETAAN DAERAH RAWAN LONGSOR DAS BRANTAS KECAMATAN SUKUN KOTA MALANG
Authors: Pranata Kurriawan Budi , Jufriadi Akhmad , Ayu Hena Dian , Wahyuningsih Dwi 
Published: May 2016

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi tahanan jenis dan bidang gelincir pada pada Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Brantas Kecamatan Sukun Kota Malang. Lokasi penelitian merupakan daerah dengan tebing yang curam berkisar 70<sup>o </sup>hingga 90<sup>o</sup>. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode geolistrik resistivitas dengan konfigurasi <em>Wenner</em>. Hasil pengolahan data geolistrik resistivitas menunjukkan bahwa material lempung pasiran dengan tahanan jenis 23,4 Ohm-meter, material lempung kedap air dengan tahanan jenis 30,9–57,3 Ohm-meter diduga sebagai bidang gelincir (<em>slip-surface</em>). Hal tersebut disebabkan resapan air hujan yang mencapai lapisan lempung kedap air akan mengalami kontak dengan lapisan lempung, air mengalir diatas lapisan lempung dan menyebabkan hancurnya lapisan lempung sehingga menjadi licin yang kemudian menjadi bidang gelincir. Berdasarkan interpretasi hasil pengolahan data dapat disimpulkan bahwa daerah penelitian memiliki potensi yang tinggi untuk terjadi longsor</p>
SAGD Relative Permeability as a Function of Temperature
Authors: Zeidani M. , Maini B. B. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Relative permeability plays a significant role in predicting oil rate and estimating the ultimate oil recovery factor. Although it is known that the relative permeability can change with temperature, the same set of relative permeability is often used to predict the reservoir performance regardless of the temperature range involved in the process. This can lead to significant errors when the relative permeability changes appreciably with temperature.
Athabasca reservoir oil and sand were used to obtain the experimental data using the unsteady state method for relative permeability measurements. First the SAGD residual oil saturations were measured at 180, 200, and 220 °C. Then the oil displacement data collected during hot water and steam injection experiments were utilized to construct the relative permeability curves at different operating temperatures. Finally, a series of reservoir simulations were performed to history match the lab experiments and examine the accuracy of inferred relative permeability curves.
The objective of this study is to develop a series of realistic relative permeability curves that are representative of various downhole operating conditions that are encountered in Western Canadian oil-sand operations. The experimental results indicate that oil residual saturation decreases as temperature is increased. A noticeable change in oil residual saturation was also observed when phase change occurred from liquid water to steam phase at a given temperature. Finally, 3 sets of relative permeability curves were developed covering a wide range of SAGD operating conditions.
SAGD Operation in Interbedded Sands with Application of Horizontal Multistage Fracturing: Geomechanics and Fracturing Aspects
Authors: Saeedi Majid , Settari A. (Tony) 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) is a widely used thermal recovery method. During steam injection in interbedded sands, the portion of the deposits above the vertical permeability barriers is likely not recoverable with current practices. This paper discusses some of the geomechanics and fracturing aspects of using multistage fracturing in SAGD operations in interbedded sands such as IHS, where the vertical permeability barriers impede the gravity drainage process.
The first part of this work (to be presented in a separate manuscript) covered the reservoir engineering aspects of this method, where it was assumed that it is possible to successfully create vertical fractures in the oil sands and through shale layers. In this paper, the geomechanical challenges in implementing the method and after the start of operation are discussed, starting with a review of relevant hydraulic fracturing field trials in the oil sands. Some interface crossing criteria are reviewed and the extended Renshaw and Pollard criterion is used to study fracture propagation through sand-shale interfaces. These results are then compared to results of a numerical simulation using a coupled reservoir-geomechanics-fracturing simulation software. It is shown that tensile hydraulic fractures can be created in the oil sands, and fractures can cross sand-shale interfaces and be filled with desired concentration of proppant. It is shown that small but high conductivity fractures that are required for the success of the proposed method, can be generated by using currently available proppants and fluid systems. After start of the steam injection, the conductivity of the fracture might be reduced by various mechanisms such as proppant embedment. It is shown that the reduction due to embedment would not be significant at high range of proppant concentrations and also due to the low stress regime in the Alberta oil sands. Furthermore, the design considerations for various liner systems that can combine the fracturing process and the SAGD phase are discussed and a few new designs are proposed. Finally, a step by step roadmap for field implementation of this method is presented.
The novelty and main contribution of this paper is the analysis and design considerations of the application of multistage fracturing in SAGD process in the field. Our results indicate that the field execution is feasible, and a field trial of the technique is justified.
Reducing Supply Cost With Eseieh™ Pronounced Easy
Authors: Wise Spence , Patterson Chris 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
With the prospect of sustained low oil prices, several planned SAGD projects have been postponed because their supply cost exceeds oil price forecasts. A consortium of Harris Corporation, Nexen Energy ULC, Suncor Energy, Inc., Devon Canada Corporation, and Alberta's Climate Change and Emissions Management Corporation (CCEMC) are developing Effective Solvent Extraction Incorporating Electromagnetic Heating (ESEIEH™). The ESEIEH process integrates electromagnetic heating with solvents to reduce energy consumption and to eliminate the need for added water (steam) when compared to SAGD. Further to the operational benefits are the reduction of surface facilities and the option to economically export undiluted bitumen without the added cost of diluent recovery units. This paper summarizes an initial case study aimed at forecasting the supply cost of a notional 10,000 barrel per day (bpd) ESEIEH demonstration project in Alberta's oil sands.
Utilizing Harris' Coupled Electromagnetic Reservoir Simulator (CEMRS), the ESEIEH process is first simulated as a single well pair. Applying a field scheduling tool, the resulting reservoir run is then duplicated in time until sufficient wells are in place to establish a sustained field level oil production rate of 10,000 bpd. Various scenarios will be assessed and their corresponding capital requirements estimated; these scenarios include a green field with dilbit export, a green field with undiluted rail export, and an ESEIEH pad added adjacent to an existing SAGD cogeneration facility with available low water cut produced fluids handling capacity. For each of these scenarios a cash flow analysis is performed, supply cost estimated, and basic sensitives performed.
The technology, which began development in 2010 and recently commenced the second technical demonstration phase in July 2015 is expected to be economically viable in a sustained sub-$60 WTI (USD) oil price environment.