bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Piloting a Commercial Model for Fortified Rice
Authors: Milani Peiman , Spohrer Rebecca , Garrett Greg , Kreis Katharine 
Published: May 2016

Background: Two billion people worldwide have micronutrient deficiencies. Food fortification is a proven intervention to increase essential micronutrient availability in diets without requiring consumer behavioral change. Fortification of rice has high potential reach; however, cost, technology, market, and cultural constraints have prevented its wider adoption. Objective: From 2010 to 2014, PATH and Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition implemented a pilot project in Brazil testing a model to scale up rice fortification through commercial channels. The project focused on 5 areas: (1) building fortified rice kernel production capacity; (2) supply chain development; (3) distribution channel and market development; (4) demand generation; and (5) advocacy and knowledge dissemination. Methods: Primary data were collected in 2 rounds of quantitative research 6 months apart and conducted in 2 regions in Brazil. Secondary data were sourced from published literature, socioeconomic and demographic data, and sales figures from the project’s rice miller partner. Postmortem analysis was conducted by the project team with input from external sources. Results: Although the project successfully launched a fortified rice product and a category brand platform, it was unsuccessful in reaching meaningful scale. Market and industry dynamics affected producers’ willingness to launch new fortified products. Consumers’ strong attachment to rice combined with a weak understanding of micronutrient malnutrition hampered demand creation efforts. Conclusion: This project showed that a purely commercial approach is insufficient for sustainable scale-up of fortified rice to achieve public health goals in a 3- to 5-year period.
Moral distress of nursing undergraduates: Myth or reality?
Authors: Rennó Heloiza Maria Siqueira , Ramos Flávia Regina Souza , Brito Maria José Menezes 
Published: May 2016

Introduction: During their education process, nursing undergraduates experience ethical conflicts and dilemmas that can lead to moral distress. Moral distress can deprive the undergraduates of their working potential and may cause physical and mental health problems. Objective: We investigated the experiences of the undergraduates in order to identify the existence of moral distress caused by ethical conflict and dilemmas experienced during their nursing education. Ethical considerations: This study was designed according to the principles of research with human beings and was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee. Method: A qualitative multiple-case study. Two federal higher education institutions were surveyed, from which 58 undergraduates in nursing participated in the study. The undergraduates were undergoing their professional training. The data were collected through focus groups and were submitted to thematic content analysis, with the resources of the ATLAS TI 7.0 software. Results: Moral distress in undergraduates is a reality and was identified in three axes of analysis: (1) moral distress is experienced by undergraduates in the reality of healthcare services, (2) the teacher as a source of moral distress, and (3) moral distress as a positive experience. Conclusion: The undergraduates in nursing manifest moral distress in different stages of their education, particularly during their professional training. The academic community should reflect and seek solutions for the reality of moral distress in undergraduates.
The Influence of Diltiazem Hydrochloride on Trough Serum Digoxin Concentrations
Authors: North Donald S. , Mattern Allan L. , Hiser Wesley W. 
Published: May 2016

A significant drug interaction between verapamil and digoxin, resulting in elevated serum digoxin concentrations, has been well documented in the medical literature. However, a similar interaction between digoxin and the calcium channel blockers nifedipine and diltiazem has not been conclusively established. This study investigated the influence of diltiazem hydrochloride on trough serum concentrations of concurrently administered digoxin in eight healthy volunteers. During the control phase of the study, volunteers were administered digoxin 0.25 mg/d for 13 days, and subsequently judged to be at steady state by serial determinations of digoxin serum concentrations. Twenty-four hour urine collections were done for creatinine clearance and urinary digoxin clearance determinations. Phase II of the study involved the addition of diltiazem hydrochloride 30 mg qid to the on-going, daily regimen of digoxin. After 14 days of concomitant therapy, steady-state trough digoxin concentrations were again determined, as well as creatinine clearances and urinary digoxin clearances. This investigation demonstrates that concomitant administration of diltiazem hydrochloride with digoxin results in significantly elevated steady-state trough digoxin concentrations (0.32 ± 0.07 ng/ml increasing to 0.48 ± 0.06 ng/ml, p<0.01). Urinary digoxin clearance decreased from 223.5 ± 35.7 ml/min to 153.4 ± 17.5 ml/min (p<0.05). Creatinine clearances were unaltered. A review of the current literature on this topic is included.
Implementing the Health Promoting University approach in culturally different contexts: a systematic review
Authors: Suárez-Reyes Mónica , Van den Broucke Stephan 
Published: May 2016

Introduction: Universities represent a valuable opportunity to promote health and well-being. Based on the setting approach, the Health Promoting Universities concept has been developed in different countries and contexts. However, the implementation process remains poorly documented. This systematic review aims to describe how universities have implemented the Health Promoting University concept in different cultural contexts. Methods: Pubmed, Medline, Lilacs and Scielo were searched for articles on Health Promoting Universities, published between 1995 and 2015. Studies detailing the implementation of a Health Promoting University approach were included. Selected articles were content analysed paying attention to: (a) the definition of a Health Promoting University; (b) priority areas of action; (c) items of work; (d) coordination of the project; (e) evaluation; and (f) adaptation to the cultural context. Results: Twelve studies were identified for in-depth analysis. Of those, three were theoretical papers, and nine were intervention studies. The programmes described in the selected studies are mostly based on the guidelines of the Edmonton Charter. They incorporated the main areas of action and items of works proposed by the Health Promoting University framework. The implementation of healthy policies and incorporation of health promotion in the curriculum are remaining challenges. Strategies to facilitate adaptation to context include: stakeholder participation in planning and implementation, adaptation of educational material and analysis of needs. Conclusions: The review suggests that most of the universities work towards similar goals, relying on the Health Promoting University framework, yet that the way in which initiatives are implemented depends on the context.
Fibre pulsing during melt electrospinning writing
Authors: Hochleitner Gernot , Youssef Almoatazbellah , Hrynevich Andrei , Haigh Jodie N. , Jungst Tomasz , Groll Jürgen , Dalton Paul D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAdditive manufacturing with electrohydrodynamic direct writing is a promising approach for the production of polymeric microscale objects. In this study we investigate the stability of one such process, melt electrospinning writing, to maintain accurate placement of the deposited fibre throughout the entire print. The influence of acceleration voltage and feeding pressure on the deposited poly(ε-caprolactone) fibre homogeneity is described, and how this affects the variable lag of the jet drawn by the collector movement. Three classes of diameter instabilities were observed that led to poor printing quality: (1) temporary pulsing, (2) continuous pulsing, and (3) regular long bead defects. No breakup of the electrified jet was observed for any of the experiments. A simple approach is presented for the melt electrospinning user to evaluate fibre writing integrity, and adjust the processing parameters accordingly to achieve reproducible and constant diameter fibres.
Losing touch with the common tongues – the story of law French
Authors: Laske Caroline 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis paper addresses the question of how, historically, the language of the English common law has become separated from the understanding by the ordinary man and woman. The use of an archaic language – law French – for over half a millennium has meant that legal matters had to be left in the hands of a small specifically trained elite. Law French is a language, originally based on Old Norman, Old French and Anglo-Norman. Its evolution is a complex one: its roots in Latin, it was in constant contact with the various dialects of both continental and insular French as well as the upcoming Middle English, all of which had a major impact on the medieval linguistic and cultural landscape of England. The present paper tells the story of that language, which although long gone, is still present in today’s common law English. Now, as then, it contributes little to enhancing the understanding by the ordinary man and woman.
REDUCING THE ROLE CONFLICT OF WORKING WOMAN: BETWEEN WORK AND FAMILY CENTRALITY
Authors: Ranihusna Desty , Wulansari Nury Ariani 
Published: May 2016

The aim of this study is to find direct impact of pay satisfaction in WFC and examines direct impact of WFC and FWC for work satisfaction. It also examines impact of moderating variable of work-family centrality moderating variable) from relation of WFC and FWC in work satisfaction (case study of married female lecturers in UNNES). This research was done because there were differences between results of WFC and FWC to JS and recommendation to add moderating variable and PS to WFC. It used SPSS to examine hypothesis with CFA, to test validity, classical assumption testing and t test was also used. Moderating variable was tested by value of absolute deviation. The data in this research is primary data in the form of questionnaire and interview. The result shows that there are strong impacts between PS and WFC. There is no impact between WFC and FWC to JS. Supporting moderating variable is Work Centrality. Although, they prioritize their family, female lecturers are still trying to work professionally
An annotated checklist of the Chilopoda and Diplopoda (Myriapoda) of the Abrau Peninsula, northwestern Caucasus, Russia
Authors: Korobushkin Daniil , Semenyuk Irina , Tuf Ivan 
Published: May 2016

The Abrau Peninsula is located in northwestern Caucasus between the cities of Novorossiysk and Anapa, Krasnodar Province, Russia. This paper contains an annotated checklist of the Chilopoda and Diplopoda inhabiting the Abrau Peninsula.
The fauna of the Abrau Peninsula comprises 17 centipede (4 orders) and 16 millipede (6 orders) species. Henia taurica, hitherto known only from the Crimea, has now been reported from several localities in the studied region. The study also reveals two possibly new millipede species. Statistical analyses showed that habitat preferences of myriapod species within the Abrau Peninsula are caused by species geographic distribution pattern and microbiotope preferences.
Effets de quartier, effet de département : discrimination liée au lieu de résidence et accès à l’emploi
Authors: Petit Pascale , Bunel Mathieu , Ene Emilia , L’Horty Yannick 
Published: May 2016

L’objet de cette étude est de mesurer la discrimination à l’embauche à l’encontre de jeunes en Île-de-France, du fait de leur lieu de résidence, en distinguant les effets de la réputation du département (Paris et Seine-Saint-Denis), de la localité et du quartier. Des données expérimentales autoconstruites de testing permettent d’identifier les effets sur l’accès à l’emploi propres à chacune de ces trois échelles ainsi que leur cumul. Le lieu de résidence exerce bien un effet sur les chances d’accéder à l’emploi. Il existe au niveau du département de résidence et est très marqué dans le cas de la Seine-Saint-Denis. Il existe aussi, dans une moindre mesure, du fait de la réputation du quartier de résidence. Ces effets sont de grande ampleur : une bonne adresse peut aller jusqu’à tripler les chances d’être invité à un entretien d’embauche. On note qu’habiter un quartier défavorisé est moins préjudiciable lorsque l’on réside dans un département lui-même défavorisé.
Robot curieux et narcissisme ouvert
Authors: Bourdin Dominique 
Published: May 2016

Ce texte est une discussion de l’article « Modélisation (cybernétique) du Projet de psychologie de Freud ». Il s’intéresse au modèle du robot curieux qui est décrit, mais y voit davantage une réflexion sur la construction du principe de plaisir qu’une réévaluation effective du narcissisme primaire. Tout en soutenant avec l’auteur l’importance de l’auto-organisation, la pertinence des modèles robotiques et une certaine relativisation de la notion de représentation, il récuse l’ambition de l’article de modéliser l’ensemble du texte freudien Projet d’une psychologie, dont l’énergétique reste essentielle, mais souligne l’apport de l’article à la notion de construc-tion de la pulsion et à la genèse du désir.
A novel design of plasmon-induced absorption sensor
Authors: Lin Qi , Zhai Xiang , Wang Ling-Ling , Luo Xin , Liu Gui-Dong , Liu Jian-Ping , Xia Sheng-Xuan 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
We present a plasmon-induced absorption (PIA) sensor formed by using a notched metallic film and a metallic ground plane separated by dielectric gratings, suggesting perfect absorption and high sensitivity up to ∼105. The absorption mechanism for the narrow-band sensor involves the phase-dependent coupling between the localized surface plasmon resonance and the Fabry–Perot resonance. The intensity and lineshape of the PIA resonance can be controlled by optimizing the coupling distance and thickness of the dielectric gratings, respectively. In particular, the underlying physics and critical condition for pronounced PIA resonance are illustrated by the coupled Lorentzian oscillator model.
Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections
Authors: McDermott James , Kao Lillian S. , Keeley Jessica A. , Grigorian Areg , Neville Angela , de Virgilio Christian 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceNecrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs) are severe life- and limb-threatening infections with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, there has been minimal improvement in outcomes over time.ObservationsNSTIs are characterized by their heterogeneity in microbiology, risk factors, and anatomical involvement. They often present with nonspecific symptoms, leading to a high rate of delayed diagnosis. Laboratory values and imaging help increase suspicion for NSTI, though ultimately, the diagnosis is clinical. Surgical exploration is warranted when there is high suspicion for NSTI, even if the diagnosis is uncertain. Thus, it is acceptable to have a certain rate of negative exploration. Immediate empirical broad-spectrum antibiotics, further tailored based on tissue culture results, are essential and should be continued at least until surgical debridement is complete and the patient shows signs of clinical improvement. Additional research is needed to determine optimal antibiotic duration. Early surgical debridement is crucial for improved outcomes and should be performed as soon as possible, ideally within 6 hours of presentation. Subsequent debridements should be performed every 12 to 24 hours until the patient is showing signs of clinical improvement and there is no additional necrotic tissue within the wound. There are insufficient data to support the routine use of adjunct treatments such as hyperbaric oxygen therapy and intravenous immunoglobulin. However, clinicians should be aware of multiple ongoing efforts to develop more robust diagnostic and treatment strategies.Conclusions and RelevanceGiven the poor outcomes associated with NSTIs, a review of clinically relevant evidence and guidelines is warranted. This review discusses diagnostic and treatment approaches to NSTI while highlighting future directions and promising developments in NSTI management.
Enhancing immunotherapy through PD‐L1 upregulation: the promising combination of anti‐PD‐L1 plus mTOR inhibitors
Authors: Hernández‐Prat Anna , Rodriguez‐Vida Alejo , Cardona Laura , Qin Mengjuan , Arpí‐Llucià Oriol , Soria‐Jiménez Luis , Menendez Sílvia , Quimis Fabricio Gerel , Galindo Miguel , Arriola Edurne , Salido Marta , Juanpere‐Rodero Nuria , Rojo Federico , Muntasell Aura , Albanell Joan , Rovira Ana , Bellmunt Joaquim 
Published: September 2024

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1)/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD‐L1) pathway have transformed urothelial cancer (UC) therapy. The correlation between PD‐L1 expression and ICI effectiveness is uncertain, leaving the role of PD‐L1 as a predictive marker for ICI efficacy unclear. Among several ways to enhance the efficacy of ICI, trials are exploring combining ICIs with serine/threonine‐protein kinase mTOR (mTOR) inhibitors in different tumor types. The potential interaction between mTOR inhibitors and PD‐L1 expression in UC has not been well characterized. In our study, we investigated how phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitors (TAK‐228, everolimus and TAK‐117) affect PD‐L1 expression and function in preclinical bladder cancer cell models. TAK‐228 increased cell surface levels of glycosylated PD‐L1 in all but one of the seven cell lines, regardless of baseline levels. TAK‐228 promoted the secretion of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and interferon‐β (IFNβ), both linked to PD‐L1 protein induction. Blocking EGF and IFNβ receptors reversed the TAK‐228‐induced PD‐L1 increase. Additionally, TAK‐228 enhanced IFN‐γ‐induced PD‐L1 expression and intracellular HLA‐I levels in some cells. TAK‐228‐treated bladder cancer cells exhibited resistance to the cytotoxic effects of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8)+ T cells. The addition of an anti‐PD‐L1 antibody diminished this resistance in T24 cells. Increased expression of PD‐L1 under TAK‐228 exposure was confirmed in patient‐derived explants (PDEs) treated ex vivo. These preclinical findings suggest that mTOR inhibition with TAK‐228 can increase PD‐L1 levels, potentially impacting the specific immune response against UC cells. This highlights the rationale for exploring the combination of mTOR inhibitors with ICIs in patients with advanced UC.
Comparing carbon offsets and livelihood benefits in a long‐term reforestation project: Agroforestry versus native timber versus enrichment planting
Authors: Forgues Katia , Carignan Marie‐Claude , Marchena Brais , Mancilla Lady , Pacheco Cristian , Pacheco Ortega Elionel , Guainora Ariosto , Potvin Catherine 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Indigenous People and Local Communities (IPLC) can play an important role in reforestation for climate change mitigation while providing environmental and livelihood benefits. However, there is a lack of direct comparison between different reforestation design's carbon uptake potential and their relevance to community reforestation.

We evaluate the carbon capture and survival of the four most common reforestation designs in a 14‐year‐long project in an Emberá community in eastern Panama. We look at native timber mixtures and monocultures, agroforestry, and natural regrowth with enrichment planting. To explain the differences between plots, we compare design, management and environmental characteristics using redundancy analyses (RDA). We then contextualize our results with the project leader's perspectives of success using interviews and workshops.

In the first decade, mixtures and monocultures of timber stored on average roughly 3× more carbon than agroforestry and enrichment planting (140 tCO2/ha compared to 40 tCO2/ha and 53 tCO2/ha).

The project design had the largest influence on carbon storage and survival with an explanatory power of 31% followed by management and environmental characteristics (14% and 2% respectively).

The largest threat to the survival and growth was the risk of fire which caused mortality in more than 2/3 of the plots. Some damage was offset by natural regrowth which accounted for 34% of the total carbon, but the participants generally perceived natural regrowth as being “dirty.” They had a strong preference for agroforestry, particularly coffee (Coffea spp.), a crop with negligible carbon value, but high economic value.

‘Practical implication’: The findings underscore the need to balance carbon sequestration with local economic preferences, integrate community input, mitigate environmental risks and adopt long‐term, holistic approaches for effective reforestation projects.
The Effect of Relative Humidity in Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Yuan Yue , Lanza Mario 
Published: September 2024

AbstractConductive atomic force microscopy (CAFM) analyzes electronic phenomena in materials and devices with nanoscale lateral resolution, and it is widely used by companies, research institutions, and universities. Most data published in the field of CAFM is collected in air at a relative humidity (RH) of 30–60%. However, the effect of RH in CAFM remains unclear because previous studies often made contradictory claims, plus the number of samples and locations tested is scarce. Moreover, previous studies on this topic did not apply current limitations, which can degrade the CAFM tips and generate false data. This article systematically analyzes the effect of RH in CAFM by applying ramped voltage stresses at over 17,000 locations on ten different samples (insulating, semiconducting, and conducting) under seven different RH. An ultra‐reliable setup with a 110‐pA current limitation during electrical stresses is employed, and excellent CAFM tip integrity after thousands of tests is demonstrated. It is found that higher RH results in increased currents due to the presence of a conductive water meniscus at the tip/sample junction, which increases the effective area for electron flow. This trend is observed in insulators and ultra‐thin semiconductors; however, in thicker semiconductors the electron mean free path is high enough to mask this effect. Metallic samples show no dependence on RH. This study clarifies the effect of relative humidity in CAFM, enhances understanding of the technique, and teaches researchers how to improve the reliability of their studies in this field.