bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dr ALM’s Medicolegal Series – Part 2 – Expert Opinion
Authors: Sundaram Alagappan Meenakshi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A patient was admitted in a hospital for fever with chills and was treated for Typhoid fever but the patient deteriorated and referred to another hospital in moribund state. In the second hospital she was diagnosed to be suffering from Malaria but the patient died. The husband of the patient moved District Consumer Forum which held the doctors and hospital negligent because of wrong treatment. Aggrieved by the order of the District Forum, the hospital preferred an appeal to the State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (FA No. 89 of 2005) and the insurance company, preferred another appeal (FA no. 1066 of 2005). The State Forum vide its order dated 31.10.2008 allowed the appeals and turned down the order of District Consumer Forum. The patient side moved National Commission. In the order of the State Commission there is a casual reference to the effect that “there is also no expert opinion to state that the line of treatment adopted by the appellant/opposite party No.1 Hospital is wrong or is negligent”. The National Commission turned down the order of State Commission and restored the order of District Forum.In the opinion of The National Commission, before forming an opinion that expert evidence is necessary, the Fora under the Act must come to a conclusion that the case is complicated enough to require the opinion of an expert or that the facts of the case are such that it cannot be resolved by the members of the Fora without the assistance of expert opinion. This Court makes it clear that in these matters no mechanical approach can be followed by these Fora. Each case has to be judged on its own facts. The following points are stressed by The National Commision. Wrong diagnosis is negligence. Recordings in the case sheet is very important and Over writing in the case sheet leads to suspicion.The evidence act sections 61, 64,74 and 75 need not be applied in the consumer council. Expert opinion is required only in complicated cases of Medical Negligence and NOT in simple, straight forward cases and in complicated cases, before issuing a notice to the doctor, The Consumer Forum has to satisfy itself that there is prima facie medical negligence by referring the case to the medical board with concerned specialists. Where expert opinion is needed the consumer fora can refer the case to civil court. There should not be “straight jacket approach” in getting expert opinion in all cases of medical negligence and the power of seeking opinion is vested with the consumer council.
Lactobacilli - Probiotic as well as an Uncommon Pathogen – Current Status Regarding the “Two Sides of the Same Coin:” An Overview
Authors: Antony Beena 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Lactobacilli are nonsporing, lactic acid producing, anaerobic bacilli, classified under the phylum Firmicutes that form part of the normal flora in specific areas of the human body inclusive of the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, and the urogenital system. This genus, for instance contains Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, and others, when they are involved in the breakdown of glucose, they release lactic acid. It plays a major role in the production of fermented foods and in addition, it can serve as a probiotic which can be good to the host in that it can help in digestion, synthesis of vitamins, and can prevent colonization by pathogens. Lactobacilli are in association, although, in a commensal manner in large numbers during puberty and pregnancy and are also acidity maintainers, thereby preventing the pathogens to occupy the vaginal tract. They have also been declared to influence antiviral functions together with the suppression of virulence factors of pathogens based on recent studies. However, some categories of strains have been associated with life-threatening conditions such as endocarditis, meningitis, liver abscess, and bacteremia, particularly in immunocompromised clients. Regarding Lactobacilli, speciation has grown with methods such as MALDI-TOF, as it is faster and accurate than biochemical assays. Because their fermentative metabolism differs, they are grouped into the obligate homofermentative, facultative heterofermentative, and the obligate heterofermentative lactobacilli that assists in their identification and functionality. Lactobacilli being the probiotics are known to be safe and effective as endorsed by such bodies as the US Food and Drug Administration and European Food Safety Authority. Prebiotics are most effective in preterm infants and neonates where they help in strengthening the Gut barrier and Immunity. Thus, two probiotic strains like L. rhamnosus, and L. acidophilus have shown some positive impacts against different infections such as Helicobacter pylori, Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, and periodontitis. Nevertheless, one cannot disregard the possible pathogenicity of Lactobacilli as a number of strains are known to produce enzymes and organic acids which are hazardous to the human body. These examples of invasive infections stemming from strict regard for the use of probiotics only serve to enforce the prospect of heedful application of probiotics, especially to the vulnerable groups of people. Furthermore, diseases such as vaginal lactobacillosis are created to focus on the need for moderation in the consumption of probiotics. In summary, it can be seen that both, the roles and effects of Lactobacilli are twofold, as positive components with great potential for benefiting health as well as negative aspects that need further assessment.
SJLA_2024_A3: Oncological Outcomes of Elective versus Emergency Surgery for Colon Cancer: A Tertiary Academic Center Experience
Authors: Bin Traiki Thamer A. , Alshammari Sulaiman A. , Alrabah Razan N. , Alzahrani Amirah M. , Alshenaifi Saud T. , Alhassan Noura S. , Abdulla Maha-Hamadien , Zubaidi Ahmad M. , Al-Obeed Omar A. , Alkhayal Khayal A. 
Published: September 2024

Background:
In this study, we aimed to identify the oncological outcomes in colon cancer patients who underwent elective versus emergency curative resection.

Methods:
All patients who underwent curative resection for colon cancer between July 2015 and December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presentation into elective and emergency groups.

Results:
A total of 215 patients with colon cancer were admitted and underwent curative surgical resection. Of those, 145 patients (67.4%) were elective cases, and 70 (32.5%) were emergency cases. Family history of malignancy was positive in 44 patients (20.5%) and significantly more common in the emergency group (P = 0.016). The emergency group had higher T and TNM stages (P = 0.001). The 3-year survival rate was 60.9% and significantly less in the emergency group (P = 0.026). The mean duration from surgery to recurrence, 3-year disease-free survival, and overall survival were 1.19, 2.81, and 3.11, respectively.

Conclusion:
The elective group was associated with better 3-year survival, longer overall, and 3-year disease-free survival compared to the emergency group. The disease recurrence rate was comparable in both groups, mainly in the first 2 years after curative resection.
Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Women of Reproductive Age in Nigeria in 2018
Authors: Blackburn Dawn , Mba Nwando , Nwachukwu William , Zhou Hong , Hill Andrew , Abbott Andrew , Parameswaran Nishanth , Awala Samuel , Greby Stacie , Alagi Matthias , Iriemenam Nnaemeka C. , Okoye McPaul I. , Swaminathan Mahesh , Priest Jeffrey W. , Martin Diana , Straily Anne , Ihekweazu Chikwe 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT.
Congenital transmission of Toxoplasma gondii can occur when a woman becomes infected for the first time during or just before pregnancy. Toxoplasma gondii in the fetus can lead to miscarriage, stillbirth, ocular or neurological abnormalities at birth, or progressive visual, hearing, motor, and cognitive deficiencies. The national seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in Nigeria was previously unknown. The 2018 Nigeria HIV/AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey collected demographic, socioeconomic, and HIV-related data and stored blood specimens with consent for future analysis for other pathogens of public health importance. We evaluated toxoplasmosis seropositivity and risk factors in a sample of 44,269 women of reproductive age (WRA) between 15 and 44 years. The national T. gondii seroprevalence among WRA was 26.8% (95% CI: 25.8–27.7%). We found that WRA from all 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory had T. gondii exposure. Seroprevalence was higher in 25- to 44-year-olds than in 15- to 24-year-olds. A similar proportion of pregnant and nonpregnant women were seropositive. Increased odds of seropositivity were associated with unimproved toilet facilities and drinking water sources, being in a higher wealth quintile, and primary and secondary education compared with no education. Decreased odds of seropositivity were associated with living in an urban area and owning livestock. This study provides the first-ever national seroprevalence estimate for WRA in Nigeria. Although information on known risk factors for toxoplasmosis (e.g., consumption of undercooked meat, cat ownership) was not collected, future studies could further investigate potential risk factors to inform the development of effective toxoplasmosis prevention measures.
Features of human capital development and communication
Authors: Pokrovskaya O. D. , Chesnov A. N. , Shamansky P. S. , Kukushkina Ya. V. 
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this study is to study the sustainability of the personnel management system in the Russian Railways company by analyzing its personnel policy, as well as determining the impact of communication in the team and professional skills on the quality of management decisions. Based on the method of statistical observation of quantitative indicators of the personnel structure of the staff, the following indicators were determined: a change in the percentage of age groups, a change in the percentage of age groups and the level of education of employees. Based on the above indicators, it is possible to track the dynamics of the quality level of personnel management and its impact on the internal personnel processes of the company, and it is also possible to identify the relationship between professional competencies and communications on decisions made by employees. To achieve these goals, a study of generational guidelines, communication in the team, in particular between the immediate supervisor and a specialist, the impact of innovative approaches to training on improving the professional skills of employees, improving the quality of work and relationships in the team was conducted. We will consider various innovative teaching methods such as advanced training courses, retraining, distance learning system and their impact on the professional development of employees. It will also analyze how innovative approaches to learning contribute to the formation of a positive work environment and improve communication in the team. As a result of the research, it will be revealed which specific innovative methods can be most effective in achieving the goals of the organization. The optimal way of developing professional skills and competencies of employees, which can improve the quality of work, is also proposed. The choice of this topic is due to the inherent importance of human capital in the context of achieving the company’s strategic goals. In today’s business world, where competition is becoming more and more acute, the key factor for success is the quality of staff and their professional level. The introduction of innovative approaches in personnel management and building corporate culture is a necessary step to ensure competitiveness and successfully overcome the challenges of the modern market.
Food and You 2: Wave 6 Key Findings
Authors:   Food Standards Agency
Published: September 2024

Food and You 2 is a biannual ‘Official Statistic’ survey commissioned by the Food Standards Agency (FSA). The survey measures consumers’ self-reported knowledge, attitudes and behaviours related to food safety and other food issues amongst adults in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Fieldwork for Food and You 2: Wave 6 was conducted between 12th October 2022 and 10th January 2023. A total of 5,991 adults (aged 16 years or over) from 4,217 households across England, Wales, and Northern Ireland completed the ‘push-to-web’ survey (see Annex A for more information about the methodology). The modules presented in this report include ‘Food you can trust’, ‘Concerns about food’, ‘Food security’, ‘Eating at home’, ‘Food hypersensitivities’ and ‘Eating out and takeaways’.
Rapid Risk Assessment of the Detection of Listeria Monocytogenes in Enoki Mushrooms
Authors: Gherman Iulia , Moran Katy 
Published: September 2024

This rapid assessment has been requested to inform a decision by FSA Policy whether a temporary overarching risk management response to the commodity (enoki mushrooms) is necessary. Cultivated enoki mushrooms are deprived of light and grown in a CO2-rich environment. Commercially grown enoki mushrooms are grown in hard wood sawdust that is impregnated with the spores. The sawdust is usually good for four or five crops of mushrooms. The mushrooms are encouraged to grow long and thin by placing glass tubes over them. This produces a pale white mushroom with long, slender stems, up to five inches in length, and small caps. Whilst specific practices may vary, generally the initial growing environment is humid with a temperature between 22°C – 25°C, followed by lowering the temperature to 7°C – 12°C whilst maintaining humidity. It is this change in temperature that causes the mycelium to form fruiting bodies that grow into mature mushrooms which are harvested after about 90 days (Pereira et al., 2023). The species Flammulina filiformis, known and sold in different regions as “enoki”/“enokitake” Japan, “jingu” (China), “futu” (India), “paengi beoseot” (Korea), “nám kim cham” (Vietnam) also grows wild throughout a broad natural range on the rotting wood of a range of common trees, although wild-growing mushrooms appear quite different. The majority of enoki mushrooms on sale appear to be commercially cultivated and fresh rather than wild mushrooms. It is unknown if wild enoki mushrooms present a similar L. monocytogenes risk to cultivated mushrooms. Listeria spp., including L. monocytogenes, can be present in the soil (Linke et al., 2014), and are common in natural and urban environments (Orsi and Wiedmann, 2016). Contamination and proliferation is possible during cultivation but also during harvesting and packing (uncertainty).
EFFECT OF SPIRITUAL INTERVENTION ON STRESS MANAGEMENT AMONG STUDENT MOTHERS IN KENYAN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN KENYA: A CASE OF BUNGOMA COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Wasike Anne Nabalayo , Simiyu John , Oseko Agnes 
Published: September 2024

Internationally, teenage pregnancy has been recognized as a major pertinent issue. Lack of adequate family support affects the emotional well-being of the pregnant student mother as well as the unborn and/or the newborn baby. Furthermore, student motherhood hinders the chance of the student mother from completing her studies. In Kenya, teenage pregnancy thwarts achievements in the education of the girl child. The objective of this study was to establish the effect of spiritual intervention on stress management among student mothers in public secondary schools in Kimilili Sub-County, Bungoma County, Kenya. This study was guided by William Glasser’s Psychological Reality Theory on Maladaptive Behaviour. The study employed a cross-sectional research design. The target population was 5,069 Form three and Form four girls from public secondary schools in Kimilili Sub-County, Bungoma County, Kenya. The study also targeted 23 school Guidance and Counselling teachers as well as 23 school Chaplains. The sample size table proposed by Krejcie &amp; Morgan, 1970 was used to obtain 381 female students from girls’ schools as well as mixed schools, 19 Guidance and Counselling teachers and 19 School Chaplains. Questionnaires and interview schedules were used to gather qualitative and quantitative data. The instruments used to collect data were piloted with the intention of establishing their validity and reliability using a Cronbach alpha value greater than 0.7, which is an indication of higher reliability. SPSS package version 23 was used to analyse both descriptive and inferential statistics. Presentations were done in frequencies and percentage tables. Descriptive data were analyzed using means, percentages, and standard deviations. Inferential data were analyzed using Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient (r). Spiritual counselling had a positive and significant effect on stress management (r=0.836, p&lt;0.000). The study concluded that spiritual intervention has a significant effect on stress management among student mothers in public secondary schools in Kimilili sub-county, Bungoma County, Kenya. Consequently, this study recommends that schools should prioritize and enhance consistent pastoral support for student mothers. Also, there is a need for comprehensive sex education from parents, guidance and counselling teachers, school and religious leaders. Further, the study recommends that future studies be conducted on specific counselling approaches that prove most effective in managing stress among student mothers. Also, there is a need to consider further studies on factors contributing to teenage pregnancies among students in the region.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0890/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
CAPABILITIES AND APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) MODELS IN QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE DATA MINING, DATA PROCESSING AND DATA ANALYSIS
Authors: Torrentira Jr. Moises C. 
Published: September 2024

The study was conducted to determine the capabilities and application of Artificial Intelligence in the development of themes in qualitative and quantitative data analysis. Multi-stage data mining as a tool in AI data collection was employed by the researcher to process data reduction and the extraction of codes. This technique was able to generate the final themes pertaining to the capabilities and application of AI models, which include pattern recognition analysis, thematic analysis, sentiment analysis, efficient data processing, objectivity and bias reduction, and insight generation. These capabilities and applications of AI models can be used to highlight the benefits and ethical use of AI in research, especially in data mining, data processing, and data analysis.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0706/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
Jejak Historis Peran Da’i Selaku Tokoh Agama di Masa Covid-19 Pada Masyarakat Cipinang Besar Selatan, Jakarta Timur
Authors: Pipin Yosepin  , Muhadi  , Elis Maslihah  
Published: September 2024

This writing describes the historical traces of the role of preachers as religious leaders in preventing the Covid-19 virus in the Cipinang Besar Selatan community, East Jakarta.This research uses a qualitative method with a phenemonological approach. Data collection techniques were obtained from observation, documentation and field interviews with 3 preachers, 2 community members. The occurrence of the Covid -19 pandemic in 2020-2021, some community members are still ignorant of the transmission of the virus. Hoax information on social media creates confusion in the community. The high mortality rate makes psychic disturbances and panic buying of medical devices that have soared in need. Social distancing and lockdown policies make the laws of worship change and religious institutions demand the role of preachers as religious leaders. The role of preachers during the covid-19 pandemic is: 1) as a provider of reliable information to citizens providing information to the public about the importance of maintaining health and using health protocols. 2) Da’i has a role in conveying MUI fatwas related to how to worship and guide the community. 3) Da’i also acts as a protector of the soul, especially for people who are experiencing family loss. Factors that support the role of preachers are the role of residents in Rw 04, Cipinang Besar Selatan urban village who cooperate in spraying disinfectants on mosques, schools, mushollas and residents' homes. The inhibiting factors are the ignorance of some people in Cipinang Besar Selatan who consider the transmission of the Covid-19 virus light and hoax information from social media. Da’i as a religious figure during the Covid-19 pandemic became the spearhead of information facilities for the prevention of the Covid-19 virus in the community in Cipinang Besar Selatan, East Jakarta. Da’i has a historical footprint and is a role model in the community in inviting people to be more vigilant, especially in providing positive information and still using health protocols in worshiping at the mosque during the Covid-19 pandemic.
An ensemble estimate of Australian soil organic carbon using machine learning and process-based modelling
Authors: Wang Lingfei , Abramowitz Gab , Wang Ying-Ping , Pitman Andy , Viscarra Rossel Raphael A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Spatially explicit prediction of soil organic carbon (SOC) serves as a crucial foundation for effective land management strategies aimed at mitigating soil degradation and assessing carbon sequestration potential. Here, using more than 1000 in situ observations, we trained two machine learning models (a random forest model and a k-means coupled with multiple linear regression model) and one process-based model (the vertically resolved MIcrobial-MIneral Carbon Stabilization, MIMICS, model) to predict the SOC stocks of the top 30 cm of soil in Australia. Parameters of MIMICS were optimised for different site groupings using two distinct approaches: plant functional types (MIMICS-PFT) and the most influential environmental factors (MIMICS-ENV). All models showed good performance with respect to SOC predictions, with an R2 value greater than 0.8 during out-of-sample validation, with random forest being the most accurate; moreover, it was found that SOC in forests is more predictable than that in non-forest soils excluding croplands. The performance of continental-scale SOC predictions by MIMICS-ENV is better than that by MIMICS-PFT especially in non-forest soils. Digital maps of terrestrial SOC stocks generated using all of the models showed a similar spatial distribution, with higher values in south-eastern and south-western Australia, but the magnitude of the estimated SOC stocks varied. The mean ensemble estimate of SOC stocks was 30.3 t ha−1, with k-means coupled with multiple linear regression generating the highest estimate (mean SOC stocks of 38.15 t ha−1) and MIMICS-PFT generating the lowest estimate (mean SOC stocks of 24.29 t ha−1). We suggest that enhancing process-based models to incorporate newly identified drivers that significantly influence SOC variation in different environments could be the key to reducing the discrepancies in these estimates. Our findings underscore the considerable uncertainty in SOC estimates derived from different modelling approaches and emphasise the importance of rigorous out-of-sample validation before applying any one approach in Australia.