bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
X-RAY ABSORPTION, NUCLEAR INFRARED EMISSION, AND DUST COVERING FACTORS OF AGNs: TESTING UNIFICATION SCHEMES
Authors: Mateos S. , Carrera F. J. , Alonso-Herrero A. , Hernán-Caballero A. , Barcons X. , Ramos A. Asensio , Watson M. G. , Blain A. , Caccianiga A. , Ballo L. , Braito V. , Almeida C. Ramos 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
We present the distributions of the geometrical covering factors of the dusty tori (f
2) of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) using an X-ray selected complete sample of 227 AGNs drawn from the Bright Ultra-hard XMM-Newton Survey. The AGNs have z from 0.05 to 1.7, 2–10 keV luminosities between 1042 and 1046 erg s−1, and Compton-thin X-ray absorption. Employing data from UKIDSS, 2MASS, and the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer in a previous work, we determined the rest-frame 1–20 μm continuum emission from the torus, which we model here with the clumpy torus models of Nenkova et al. Optically classified type 1 and type 2 AGNs are intrinsically different, with type 2 AGNs having, on average, tori with higher f
2 than type 1 AGNs. Nevertheless, ∼20% of type 1 AGNs have tori with large covering factors, while ∼23%–28% of type 2 AGNs have tori with small covering factors. Low f
2 are preferred at high AGN luminosities, as postulated by simple receding torus models, although for type 2 AGNs the effect is certainly small. f
2 increases with the X-ray column density, which implies that dust extinction and X-ray absorption take place in material that share an overall geometry and most likely belong to the same structure, the putative torus. Based on our results, the viewing angle, AGN luminosity, and also f
2 determine the optical appearance of an AGN and control the shape of the rest-frame ∼1–20 μm nuclear continuum emission. Thus, the torus geometrical covering factor is a key ingredient of unification schemes.
X-RAY SPECTRAL AND TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF NARROW LINE SEYFERT 1 GALAXY WAS 61
Authors: Dou Liming , Wang Ting-Gui , Ai Yanli , Yuan Weimin , Zhou Hongyan , Dong Xiao-Bo 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
We present an analysis of spectrum and variability of the bright reddened narrow line Seyfert 1 galaxy Was 61 using 90 ks archival XMM-Newton data. The X-ray spectrum in 0.2–10 keV can be characterized by an absorbed power-law plus soft excess and an Fe Kα emission line. The power-law spectral index remains constant during the flux variation. The absorbing material is mildly ionized, with a column density of 3.2 × 1021 cm−2, and does not appear to vary during the period of the X-ray observation. If the same material causes the optical reddening (E(B–V) ≃ 0.6 mag), it must be located outside the narrow line region with a dust-to-gas ratio similar to the average Galactic value. We detect significant variations of the Fe Kα line during the observational period. A broad Fe Kα line at

with a width of ∼0.6 keV is detected in the low flux segment of the first 40 ks exposure, and is absent in the spectra of other segments; a narrow Fe Kα emission line ∼6.4 keV with a width of ∼0.1 keV is observed in the subsequent 20 ks segment, which has a count rate 35% higher and is in the next day. We believe this is due to the change in geometry and kinematics of the X-ray emitting corona. The temperature and flux of soft X-ray excess appear to correlate with the flux of the hard power-law component. Comptonization of disc photons by a warm and optically thick inner disk is preferred to interpret the soft excess, rather than the ionized reflection.
DIRECTED SEARCHES FOR BROADBAND EXTENDED GRAVITATIONAL WAVE EMISSION IN NEARBY ENERGETIC CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE
Authors: van Putten Maurice H. P. M. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Core-collapse supernovae (CC-SNe) are factories of neutron stars and stellar-mass black holes. SNe Ib/c stand out as potentially originating in relatively compact stellar binaries and they have a branching ratio of about 1% into long gamma-ray bursts. The most energetic events probably derive from central engines harboring rapidly rotating black holes, wherein the accretion of fall-back matter down to the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) offers a window into broadband extended gravitational wave emission (BEGE). To search for BEGE, we introduce a butterfly filter in time–frequency space by time-sliced matched filtering. To analyze long epochs of data, we propose using coarse-grained searches followed by high-resolution searches on events of interest. We illustrate our proposed coarse-grained search on two weeks of LIGO S6 data prior to SN 2010br (z = 0.002339) using a bank of up to 64,000 templates of one-second duration covering a broad range in chirp frequencies and bandwidth. Correlating events with signal-to-noise ratios > 6 from the LIGO L1 and H1 detectors reduces the total to a few events of interest. Lacking any further properties reflecting a common excitation by broadband gravitational radiation, we disregarded these as spurious. This new pipeline may be used to systematically search for long-duration chirps in nearby CC-SNe from robotic optical transient surveys using embarrassingly parallel computing.
L’ouverture des informations publiques au regard de la propriété intellectuelle
Authors: Varet Vincent 
Published: March 2016

La présente étude a pour objet d’analyser l’articulation entre les droits de propriété intellectuelle – plus spécialement le droit d’auteur, les droits voisins et le droit sui generis reconnu aux producteurs de bases de données – et le principe de libre réutilisation des informations publiques, que ce soit à des fins commerciales ou non commerciales. Le législateur, abondamment sollicité ces derniers mois, ne pouvait ignorer les droits de propriété intellectuelle qui peuvent constituer une contrainte à l’ouverture des informations publiques. Cette contrainte est absolue lorsque les droits sont détenus par les tiers, et constitue alors un frein à l’ouverture. Lorsque les droits sur certaines informations publiques sont détenus par l’organisme du secteur public, cette contrainte s’atténue. Utilisant à son profit cette ambiguïté de régime, le législateur suggère pour autant de faire de ces droits de propriété intellectuelle un outil de cette ouverture dans le cadre de schémas contractuels spécifiques. Les contrats afférents à des droits de propriété intellectuelle peuvent en effet devenir des outils en faveur de l’ouverture des informations publiques. Le législateur a choisi de suggérer cet outil plutôt que de l’imposer, tout en édictant certaines conditions impératives, que les contrats doivent respecter, l’outil étant alors aménagé. ■
Si les numéros de Politique européenne pouvaient parler…
Authors: Jacquot Sophie , Mérand Frédéric , Rozenberg Olivier 
Published: March 2016

Cette contribution propose une analyse du sommaire des 47 numéros thématiques de Politique européenne au regard des sous-disciplines qui y sont mobilisées. La place dominante de la sociologie politique, l’importance des politiques publiques, de l’analyse institutionnelle et de l’épistémologie, ainsi que la place réduite des relations internationales, de la pensée politique et des approches faisant appel aux méthodes quantitatives sont restituées dans le contexte de la science politique française et de la communauté internationale des études européennes.
« Délégitimer l’Europe »
Authors: Foret François 
Published: March 2016

L’UE est communément perçue comme développant des politiques qui contribuent explicitement à sa délégitimation. Une hypothèse novatrice est que cela relève d’une stratégie délibérée de polarisation en poussant à l’extrême les oppositions afin de pouvoir mieux les retourner en sa faveur, selon la théorie de l’« upside-down legitimacy ». Des données empiriques inédites éclairent le caractère fictionnel ou réaliste de ce scénario, et sont ensuite discutées à la lumière de l’état de l’art sur la nature et la justification de l’ordre politique européen. Cet article adopte un ton parodique dans le cadre du 50 ème numéro anniversaire de Politique européenne.
Normativité au Royaume-Uni
Authors: Smith Andy 
Published: March 2016

Au cours des années 1960-1990, les travaux de la plupart des spécialistes britanniques de l’intégration européenne ont comporté un biais normatif favorable à ce processus. Depuis lors cette tendance se poursuit, mais de manière moins explicite, voire insidieusement. Cet article explique la première période résultant d’une « correspondance fortuite » entre les champs scientifique et politique, tandis que la cause de la normativité de la deuxième période découle d’un rapprochement entre les logiques d’action des champs scientifique et bureaucratique. Plus généralement, cette lecture permet notamment de penser les relations inter-champ en termes d’évolution de la structuration profonde des professions concernées.
Les expositions universelles comme communautés émotionnelles imaginées. Du bon usage des émotions dans l’art d’instruire et de divertir
Authors: Ariffin Yohan 
Published: March 2016

Cette contribution commence par établir que les expositions universelles sont traversées par un ensemble de dynamiques contradictoires qui reflètent celles intervenant dans le processus de la mondialisation qu’elles ont précisément pour vocation de mettre en scène. Parmi ces différentes dynamiques, il en est une qui mérite que l’on s’y arrête de nouveau : celle ayant d’abord opposé sciences et loisirs avant de les associer comme organisateurs de la vie sociale. Comment les expositions universelles ont-elles représenté ces deux types d’activités qui leur ont été centrales ? L’article avance que l’évolution de la fonction de normalisation sociale attachée aux sciences et aux divertissements peut être éclairée par une analyse de l’usage qui a été fait des émotions par les organisateurs et commentateurs de ces manifestations. Le phénomène est examiné à la lumière des concepts d’émotionologie, d’émotif et de communauté émotionnelle développés par les historiens des émotions.
Web communication of CSR and financial performance: Study applied to catalan meat companies
Authors: Aramayo García Alejandra , Arimany-Serrat Nuria , Uribe Salazar Clara , Sabata Aliberch Anna 
Published: March 2016

Purpose: Understanding the relationship between CSR communication on corporate websites and the financial performance of Catalan meat companies.Design/methodology/approach: Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the CSR communication variables of corporate websites identifying the companies with the best CSR web communication’s practices, and economic and financial comparative analysis. It also modelled the financial returns to determine whether CSR communication, as an independent variable, affects the net profit generated in relation to the investment of the stakeholders. The analysis covered a sample of 130 Catalan meat companies.Findings and Originality/value: The report provides a diagnosis of the CSR web communication and also of the financial health of the companies in the period analyzed. The study contributes to the discussion on the relationship between CSR and financial performance.Research limitations/implications: It would be desirable extended periods of economic and financial analysis, and a more in depth study of online communication strategy incorporating the views of those responsible for the strategy and stakeholders.Practical implications: The analysis provides a better understanding of current corporate web communication and the economic and financial situation of the companies analyzed. It has practical benefits in making strategic decisions to improve the relationship with stakeholders and allows us to assess the forecast that has been made for this sector in Catalonia in the period analyzed.Social implications: The results of the study allow the industry to see the future prospects of this sector and to make the necessary changes. The results lead to improved transparency and responsible behavior.Originality/value: The analysis allows the stakeholders of the meat industry to evaluate the company’s social behavior, to assess the financial health and to take appropriate future actions.
Son los códigos éticos un instrumento de gestión de la responsabilidad social? Un estudio exploratorio en Andalucía
Authors: Ruiz-Lozano Mercedes , De los Ríos Berjillos Araceli , Millán Lara Salud 
Published: March 2016

Purpose: The growing concern for social responsibility and/or business ethics must be reflected in the control systems of organizations. Therefore we are concerned to analyze whether the ethical codes have been introduced as a management tool of social responsibility to build sustainable value-based organizations.Design/methodology/approach: Development of a survey based on the literature review of code types and motivations. We performed a descriptive analysis of the information obtained from companies based in Andalusia under study. Furthermore, it has been implemented a test of mean difference and an analysis of variance to contrast the hypotheses. Findings: The study supports a tendency to use the ethical codes by Andalusian companies analyzed, influenced by firm size. Similarly, the incidence of immediate environment is confirmed. Research limitations/implications: The study is exploratory in the Andalusian area due to restrictions databases and sample size. Practical implications: The results allow an approach to the Andalusian business reality and to the management systems related with social responsibility and business ethics. Social implications: It has highlighted the need for training in this area and that measures to promote ethics and corporate social responsibility are taken from the public sector, distinguishing between needs that may have micro and small enterprises from medium or large companies. Originality/value: This study contributes to knowledge about the importance of integrating instruments that promote responsible and sustainable management based on values in management control systems and about what were the motivations that are influencing both, for and against, in this action. Motivations that should be taken into account by decision-makers and influential in business development agencies.
Influence of Aridity and Weather on Breeding-Season Survival of Northern Bobwhites in South Texas, USA
Authors: Tri Andrew N. , Sands Joseph P. , Buelow Michael C. , DeMaso Stephen J. , Belser Emily H. , Hernández Fidel , Brennan Leonard A. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Understanding vital rates of wildlife populations is essential for developing realistic management objectives. We conducted an analysis of data from four northern bobwhite Colinus virginianus research projects conducted in South Texas to examine the extent that environmental factors (total seasonal precipitation, mean maximum seasonal temperature, growing-season length, and Keetch–Byram drought index values) influenced survival during the 5-mo (April–August) breeding season. We constructed generalized logistic mixed models and compared them using Akaike's Information Coefficient to rank their parsimony. Our selected model (cumulative breeding-season survival = bobwhite sex + growing season length [days of photosynthetic activity] + Keetch–Byram Drought Index score [averaged from April to August] + site-specific effects of each ranch) explained 35.3% of the total variation in the data set. Breeding season survival was positively related to growing season length (β = 0.01, 95% CI = 0.00–0.02), and negatively related to Keetch–Byram Drought Index score (β = −0.01, 95% CI = −0.01 to −0.01; rounded to two digits). Managers cannot control weather, but the ability to account for nearly one-third of variation in breeding season survival from weather, sex, and site-specific effects of the ranch refines our understanding of factors that influence bobwhite population dynamics in South Texas.
Magnetic resonance imaging - A troubleshooter in obstetric emergencies: A pictorial review
Authors: Gupta Rohini , Bajaj Sunil Kumar , Kumar Nishith , Chandra Ranjan , Misra Ritu Nair , Malik Amita , Thukral Brij Bhushan 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in pregnancy faced initial skepticism of physicians because of fetal safety concerns. The perceived fetal risk has been found to be unwarranted and of late, the modality has attained acceptability. Its role in diagnosing fetal anomalies is well recognized and following its safety certification in pregnancy, it is finding increasing utilization during pregnancy and puerperium. However, the use of MRI in maternal emergency obstetric conditions is relatively limited as it is still evolving. In early gestation, ectopic implantation is one of the major life-threatening conditions that are frequently encountered. Although ultrasound (USG) is the accepted mainstay modality, the diagnostic predicament persists in many cases. MRI has a role where USG is indeterminate, particularly in the extratubal ectopic pregnancy. Later in gestation, MRI can be a useful adjunct in placental disorders like previa, abruption, and adhesion. It is a good problem-solving tool in adnexal masses such as ovarian torsion and degenerated fibroid, which have a higher incidence during pregnancy. Catastrophic conditions like uterine rupture can also be preoperatively and timely diagnosed. MRI has a definite role to play in postpartum and post-abortion life-threatening conditions, e.g., retained products of conception, and gestational trophoblastic disease, especially when USG is inconclusive or inadequate.
Multimodality imaging in cranial blastomycosis, a great mimicker: Case-based illustration with review of clinical and imaging findings
Authors: Kochar Puneet S , Lath Chinar O , Klein Andrew P , Ulmer John L 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe describe the clinical, laboratory, and imaging data of three patients who are proven cases of blastomycosis with cranial involvement. In this review, we discuss the imaging features of cranial blastomycosis with relevant clinical case examples including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and advanced MR imaging techniques like magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and MR perfusion. Literature is reviewed for modern-day diagnosis and treatment of this fatal intracranial infection, if not diagnosed promptly and managed effectively.
Duplication of the pituitary gland - plus syndrome
Authors: Sen Debraj , Arora Vijinder 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDuplication of the pituitary gland (DPG) is a very rare developmental anomaly that is often associated with other anomalies - the DPG-plus syndrome and occurs due to splitting of the rostral notochord and prechordal plate during blastogenesis. DPG with the constellation of associated anomalies as in our patient has not been reported previously. This article illustrates the importance of imaging the brain in all patients with obvious midline facial anomalies and the complementary role of MRI and CT in such cases.
Atypical MR lenticular signal change in infantile isovaleric acidemia
Authors: Wani Nisar A , Qureshi Umer Amin , Jehangir Majid , Ahmad Kaiser , Hussain Zahid 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIsovaleric acidemia (IVA) is an inborn error of branched chain amino acid metabolism that may manifest as acute neonatal metabolic acidosis or as chronic intermittent form with developmental delay or recurrent episodes of acute metabolic acidosis. Early diagnosis is the key to prevent morbidity and mortality. Brain imaging abnormalities are rarely described in IVA. We report a case of chronic intermittent IVA with acute presentation in a 4-month-old infant who presented with acute metabolic acidosis. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed symmetric signal intensity changes in bilateral lentiform nuclei with an unreported T1-weighted (T1W) symmetric hyperintense ring-like appearance in bilateral putamen.
Is TIRADS a practical and accurate system for use in daily clinical practice?
Authors: Chandramohan Anuradha , Khurana Abhishek , Pushpa B T , Manipadam Marie Therese , Naik Dukhabandhu , Thomas Nihal , Abraham Deepak , Paul Mazhuvanchary Jacob 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Aim: To assess the positive predictive value (PPV) and inter-observer agreement of Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TIRADS) as described by Kwak et al. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study wherein ultrasound was performed by two radiologists on patients with thyroid nodules &gt;1 cm. The third radiologist interpreted archived images. Ultrasound features and TIRADS category were compared with cytology and surgical histopathology. PPV was calculated for all readers′ combined assessment. Inter-observer agreement was calculated using linear weighted kappa. Results: A total of 238 patients with 272 nodules of mean size 2.9 ± 1.7 cm were included. PPV for malignancy was 6.6%, 32%, 36%, 64%, 59%, and 91% for TIRADS 2, 3, 4a, 4b, 4c, and 5 categories, respectively. Inter-observer agreement was substantial [kappa (k) = 0.61-0.80] for assessment of nodule echogenicity, margins, calcification, and shape and good (k = 0.570, P &lt; 0.001) for assessment of composition of the thyroid nodules. Overall agreement between observers was substantial for assigning TIRADS category [multi-rater weighted kappa coefficient (wt k) = 0.721, P &lt; 0.001]. Conclusions: TIRADS is a simple and practical method of assessing thyroid nodules with high PPV and good inter-observer agreement.
Halitosis: Current concepts on etiology, diagnosis and management
Authors: Kapoor Uditi , Sharma Gaurav , Juneja Manish , Nagpal Archna 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTHalitosis or oral malodor is an offensive odor originating from the oral cavity, leading to anxiety and psychosocial embarrassment. A patient with halitosis is most likely to contact primary care practitioner for the diagnosis and management. With proper diagnosis, identification of the etiology and timely referrals certain steps are taken to create a successful individualized therapeutic approach for each patient seeking assistance. It is significant to highlight the necessity of an interdisciplinary method for the treatment of halitosis to prevent misdiagnosis or unnecessary treatment. The literature on halitosis, especially with randomized clinical trials, is scarce and additional studies are required. This article succinctly focuses on the development of a systematic flow of events to come to the best management of the halitosis from the primary care practitioner's point of view.
Dimensional stability of two solder index materials
Authors: Khaledi Amir Ali Reza , Pardis Soheil , Pourhatami Negar , Ardakani Zahra Hashemi 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Objectives: This study aimed to compare the dimensional accuracy of two indexing materials, an acrylic resin (GC pattern resin) and a castable composite (Bredent). The effect of time lapse until investment was also investigated. Materials and Methods: Two standardized brass dies 15 mm apart were prepared and then 20 identical coping-bar assemblies were designed and fabricated by a rapid prototyping device. Each bar was sectioned at the center, and indices were fabricated from an acrylic resin or castable composite (n = 10 per group). The distances between the reference points were measured with a digital microscope at ×80 magnifications at 15 min, 60 min, and 24 h after indexing. Data were statically analyzed using repeated-measure ANOVA (α = 0.05). Results: The distance between the reference points without the coping being joined was considered as the baseline measurement (control group). The mean distance was 19.30 ± 0.04 mm between the reference points where the copings were not joined. When indexed with acrylic resin, the mean ± standard deviation (SD) dimensions were 19.27 ± 0.087 mm (15 min), 19.25 ± 0.09 mm (60 min), and 18.98 ± 0.1 mm (24 h). The mean ± SD dimensions for composite were 19.29 ± 0.087 mm (15 min), 19.28 ± 0.08 mm (60 min), and 19.26 ± 0.08 mm (24 h). All tested groups showed significant differences compared to the control group except when it was indexed with composite and where the distances were measured after 15 and 60 min (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The most accurate indexed-assemblies belonged to castable composite at 15 and 60 min.