bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of anterior dental caries on psychological behavior and quality of life of Saudi pediatric patients
Authors: Togoo Rafi Ahmad , Alfaifi Hanan Qasem , Algarny Fatimah Mohammed , Alahmari Jamilah Dafer , AlQhtani Raghad Ayed Ali , Asiri Hanin Ahmed 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Dental caries is the most common chronic infectious disease involving children and toddlers. Carious invasion of anterior teeth causes infection, pain, compromised speech, mastication, and impacts the esthetics and appearance of the child. Dental caries' immediate and long-term effects affect the child's quality of life and his family, leading to significant social, economic, and psychological consequences.

Aim:
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of anterior dental caries on Saudi pediatric patients' psychological behavior and quality of life.

Materials and Methods:
A self-administered, structured questionnaire was used to assess the demographic variables, the prevalence of dental caries (anterior teeth), and their psychological effects on children. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using IBM SPSS version 20.0 software.

Results and Discussion:
Five hundred and twenty-two children were included in the study, out of which 67.62% were affected with anterior carious lesions, with a mean age of 4.90 ± 1.981 years. Most parents reported that their child has anterior carious lesions, with 50% of children having toothache and 49% difficulty in eating food, especially sweets. Affected children showed psychological issues as they avoided playing, hesitated to smile, were introverted, and covered their faces while smiling.

Conclusion:
A high anterior dental caries prevalence and the resultant effect on psychological behavior and quality of life were observed among young children in Saudi Arabia. Enhanced educational, counseling, and preventive programs among parents and children will reduce dental caries incidence and ensure young children have a good quality of life.
Analysis of risk factors and clinical trends in post-COVID oral mucormycosis
Authors: Grewal Harpreet , Balachandran Rajiv , Bhutiani Neha , Singh Kesari , Bhargava Saurav 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
The COVID-associated surge in mucormycosis cases was seen during the middle and latter of 2021. Mucormycosis is a rapidly destructive opportunistic fungal infection causing severe morbidity and mortality.

Aim:
This study aims to identify the risk factors associated with post-COVID oral mucormycosis and analysis of the observed clinical pattern.

Materials and Methods:
The current study is a retrospective observational one based on demographics, history, and clinical presentation of 46 patients with dental referrals for mucormycosis admitted at the COVID-19 designated facility during the ferocious second wave of COVID-19 in India.

Results and Discussion:
The incidence of post-COVID mucormycosis was found to be higher in males (29) than females (17), with an average age of 54.5 years in males and 50.8 years in females. All patients belonged to poor/lower socioeconomic backgrounds with a history of hypertension (barring four patients), Type 2 diabetes mellitus, poor oral hygiene, and compromised periodontal health. The right maxilla showed the greatest incidence. The median size of the lesion was found to be 2.22 cm2 with an interquartile range of 1.135 cm2 to 3.2 cm2.

Conclusion:
The vulnerability of COVID-19 patients to the development of oral mucormycosis was found to be higher for patients with preexisting diabetes mellitus, hypertension, poor socioeconomic background, poor oral hygiene, and periodontal health with greater incidence in maxilla and predilection for the right side.
Odontogenic tumors: A retrospective study from a tertiary-level hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman A. F. M. Shakilur , Jannat Tamiral , Haider Ismat Ara 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Owing to their clinicopathological characteristics and diverse biologic behaviors, odontogenic tumors (OT) are regarded as noteworthy among oral diseases.

Aim:
The intention of a retrospective analysis was to determine the prevalence and incidence of various odontogenic types of tumors using the most recent World Health Organization categorization in 2017.

Materials and Methods:
A 7-year retrospective study that involved retrieving the case folders of individuals who had OT that were histologically confirmed when they first presented at Dhaka Dental College and Hospital. Demographic information about patients and histologic diagnoses were recorded. The statistical software for social sciences (SPSS version 23) was employed to analyze the data and P < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant.

Results:
A total of 366 cases of OT were documented and analyzed. There was a marginally greater impact on males (51.64%) than females (48.36%). The mean age of the patients was 27.85 years, and there was no statistically significant relationship between tumor type and age group (P = 0.84). The mandible was the most common site (96.17%). The benign OT constitutes 99.18%, whereas the malignant OT constitutes 0.82%. The most common OT was ameloblastoma (82.51%), with a tendency for the posterior mandible (P < 0.05), followed by cemento-ossifying fibroma (4.37%) and odontogenic myxoma (3.83%).

Conclusions:
The relative incidence of OT differs considerably by geography or race. Ameloblastoma is the most prevalent tumor, followed by cemento-ossifying fibroma and odontogenic myxoma. Odontogenic malignant tumors are rarely found in Bangladesh.
Gene Therapy: A step toward advanced orthodontics – A narrative review
Authors: Shukla Monika , Jain Shalu , Reddy C. Munish , Raghav Pradeep , Amit Kumar , Yangzom Rinchin , Garg Shivika , Kamrani Aastha 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Gene therapy deals with the insertion of exogenous genes into a cell to produce the desired therapeutic effect. After the introduction of gene therapy in dentistry, this field is also flourishing rapidly in the branch of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics as it can prevent many prenatal and postnatal dentofacial anomalies which have the genetical etiology. Despite various animal studies showing promising results, a lot more is left to be explored.

Aim:
This narrative review was conducted to understand the role of gene therapy for various orthodontic procedures and its future scope.

Methods:
Research publications were searched on search engines such as Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar, and articles with terms such as “gene therapy, orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), condylar growth, and bone repair” were collected.

Results:
A total of 40 articles were collected and they were further used to formulate this review.

Discussion:
Gene therapy was found to have a major role in orthodontics, especially for: (i) Modulation in OTM, (ii) Alleviation of orthodontic pain, (iii) Enhancement of bone repair and regeneration, (iv) Improving midface hypoplasia by preventing syndromic craniosynostosis, and (v) Modifying condylar growth.
In silico study to predict promiscuous peptides for immunodiagnosis of cystic echinococcosis
Authors: Chauhan Varun , Khan Azhar , Farooq Umar 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by Echinococcus
granulosus, is a major zoonotic disease that causes significant human morbidity and mortality. This cosmopolitan disease is difficult to diagnose, treat, and control. So far, crude extracts of hydatid cyst fluid containing antigen B or antigen 5 have been used as the primary antigenic source for its immunodiagnosis. The main issue is that it reacts with sera from people infected with other helminths. There is currently no standard, specific, or sensitive test for disease diagnosis, and no human vaccine has been reported.

Aims and Objectives:
Considering the need for efficient immunization and/or immunodiagnosis, six E. granulosus antigens, antigen 5, antigen B, heat shock proteins such as Hsp-8 and Hsp-90, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and tetraspanin-1, were chosen.

Materials and Methods:
Using various in silico tools, T cell and B cell epitopes (promiscuous peptides) were predicted by targeting antigen 5, antigen B, heat shock proteins such as Hsp-8 and Hsp-90, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and tetraspanin-1.

Results:
There are twelve promiscuous peptides with overlapping human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class-I, class-II, and conformational B cell epitopes. Such immunodominant peptides could be useful as subunit vaccines. Furthermore, six peptides specific for E. granulosus were also discovered, which may prove to be important markers in the diagnosis of CE, potentially preventing misdiagnosis and mismanagement.

Conclusion:
These epitopes may be the most important vaccine targets in E. granulosus because they have the most promiscuous peptides and B cell epitopes, as well as the highest affinity for different alleles, as determined by docking scores. However, additional research using in vitro and in vivo models is undertaken.
RNA interference-mediated hookworm control by gut-dwelling lactic acid bacteria
Authors: Bi Shaziya , Sabnis Manisha , Singh Anamika , Banerjee Sanjiban Kumar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
The complex life cycle of geohelminth parasites make it difficult to manage repeated infections that occur in endemic areas, that requires the development of new therapeutic strategies. Human hookworm Ancylostoma sp. and Necator sp. are a serious problem in many areas of the world where the old age anti-helminthics are ineffective. To address this, we have tried a non-traditional therapeutic approach for a sustainable solution to manage parasite infections.

Aims and Objectives:
In this study, we attempted to develop a new type of therapy using value-added probiotics-producing antiparasitic RNA interference (RNAi) molecules against a vital hookworm (Ancylostoma sp.) enzyme, astacin-like metalloprotease Ac-MTP-1. A new gut delivery RNAi vector was designed to produce double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) against the target to be delivered by feeding with a probiotic Lactococcus lactis that when administered in endemic areas can potentially be used to control the spread of infection by interrupting the life cycle of hookworm.

Results:
The engineered probiotics colonizing the gut, when consumed by the parasite released the dsRNA that which knocked down the target by RNAi interfering with their moulting and tissue migration. The initial penetration of the larvae into the gut lining was reduced by 70%, followed by a reduction of up to 50% in migration to the critical organs. The damage caused to the liver (30%–40%) and the kidneys (50%–60%) by the hookworm in mouse models as quantitated by enzymes released in the blood was totally reversed when the worms were pre fed with the engineered L. lactis before the parasite challenge.

Conclusions:
We believe that this is the first demonstrated knockdown of a target gene in hookworms using probiotics genetically engineered to stimulate RNAi (RNAi food), administered through the oral route. This novel method of parasite control when extended to other hookworms, A. duodenalis and A. ceylanicum can augment the efficacy of the existing anthelminthics if combined with them.
Single Session Pre-Operative Pelvic Floor Muscle Training with Biofeedback on Urinary Incontinence and Quality of Life after Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Khorrami Mohammad-Hatef , Mohseni Amir , Gholipour Farshad , Alizadeh Farshid , Zargham Mahtab , Izadpanahi Mohammad-Hossein , Sichani Mehrdad Mohammadi , Khorrami Farbod 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common complication of radical prostatectomy (RP) affecting patient's quality of life (QoL). In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of single-session preoperative pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with biofeedback (BFB) on short- and mid-term postoperative UI and QoL.

Materials and Methods:
This study was performed between 2018 and 2020. The patients were randomized into two groups: the case group received a training session with BFB, supervised oral and written instructions on pelvic floor muscle exercises in a 1-h-long training session 1 month before the surgery. Patients were asked to regularly perform exercises immediately after the session until surgery. The controls received no instructions. We used the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-UI (ICIQ-UI) short-form and ICIQ-Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms QoL Module (ICIQ-LUTSqol) at 1, 3, and 6 months after removing the urinary catheter.

Results:
A total of 80 patients with a mean age of 63.83 ± 3.61 years were analyzed. Patient characteristics were similar between the groups. The mean ICIQ-UI score was significantly lower in the intervention group at 1 and 3 months after catheter removal (P = 0.01 and P = 0.029, respectively) but similar at 6 months (P = 0.058). The mean ICIQ-LUTSqol score was significantly lower in the intervention group at 1, 3, and 6 months after catheter removal (P < 0.001, P = 0.005, and P = 0.011, respectively).

Conclusion:
A single session of preoperative PFMT with BFB has significant short-term effects on UI after RP but not at 6 months. However, this intervention can improve LUTS-related QoL even at 6 months after catheter removal.
Tools to Assess Quality of Life in Adults with Chronic Conditions in India
Authors: Moola Sandeep , Tyagi Jyoti , Kakoti Misimi , Patel Anushka , Bhaumik Soumyadeep 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Chronic diseases are a major contributor to mortality, morbidity, and socio-economic costs globally, including in India. Quality of life (QoL) is an important patient-centered outcome for chronic disease. Measurement properties of tools for assessing QOL in the Indian context have not been assessed systematically.

Methods:
A scoping review was conducted, and four major electronic databases were searched. Screening was conducted by at least two independent reviewers, with a third person acting as an arbiter. Data from the retrieved full texts were extracted by one reviewer, with a sample verified by another reviewer to reduce any data extraction errors. A narrative synthesis was done with a focus on measurement properties of tools, including but not limited to internal consistency, inter-rater reliability, test–retest reliability, validity, and acceptability.

Results:
Out of 6706 records retrieved, a total of 37 studies describing 34 tools (both generic and disease-specific tools) for 16 chronic conditions were included. Most of the studies were cross-sectional (n = 23). Overall, most tools had acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha value ≥0.70) and good-to-excellent test–retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.75–0.9), but there was variability in acceptability. In terms of acceptability, seven tools were positively assessed (meeting psychometric property requirements), but all except the World Health Organization QoL tool were disease specific. Many tools have also been tested for local context, and many translated and tested in one or few languages only, thus limiting their usability across the nation. Women were underrepresented in many studies, and tools were not evaluated in other genders. Generalizability to tribal people is also limited.

Conclusion:
The scoping review provides a summary of all QOL assessment tools for people with chronic diseases in India. It supports future researchers to make informed decisions for choosing tools. The study highlights the need for more research to develop QOL tools which are contextually applicable and enables the comparability across diseases, people, and regions within India and potentially in the South Asian region.
PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN TERHADAP TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN TENTANG PENCEGAHAN KOMPLIKASI PENYAKIT HIPERTENSI DI DESA GAREN PANDEYAN NGEMPLAK BOYOLALI
Authors: Winarno Syidiq , Sani Fahrudin Nasrul , Utomo Endrat Kartiko 
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Hypertension is a condition of systolic blood pressure of more than 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure of more than 90 mmHg, which is measured twice with an interval of five minutes and in a condition of adequate rest and calm. Blood pressure is a description of a person's hemodynamic situation at a certain time, hemodynamics is a condition in which pressure and blood flow can maintain the exchange or perfusion of substances in tissues. The purpose of health education is to increase the knowledge of respondents. With the increase in respondents' knowledge, there is a change in attitude towards adaptive in accordance with the information obtained through health counseling.
Objective: This study is to determine the effect of health education on the level of knowledge about the prevention of complications of hypertension in Garen Pandeyan Ngemplak Boyolali Village.
Method: the research used is quantitative research with analytical correlation with Quasi-Experimental method with pre-test and post-test approaches one group control only. Data from this study was obtained from filling out questionnaires that had been tested for validity and reliability and analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Level Test before health education was carried out knowledge about preventing complications of hypertension, the average level of knowledge of 73 respondents was 5.94 with a minimum of 3 points and a maximum of 9 points. The level of knowledge after the implementation of health education, retrieval of knowledge data on the prevention of complications of hypertension was carried out.
Results: The results of the study obtained an average level of knowledge from 73 respondents with post-test result criteria 7 with a minimum score of 6 points and a maximum of 10 points. Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, there is a significant difference between the level of .
Keywords: health education, leve of knowledge, complications of hypertension
Utility of GeneXpert in Diagnosis of Pediatric Tuberculosis and Detection of Rifampicin Resistance
Authors: Shah Pooja , Pol Sae , Prabhakaran Esther , Karmalkar Bhakti , Gaikwad Vaishali , Dharamshale Sujata , Karyakarte Rajesh 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health challenge in developing countries, including India, where children under 15 years account for 12% of all TB cases. The National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP) recommends the use of GeneXpert/Cartridge-Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (CBNAAT) for TB diagnosis, followed by Line Probe Assay (LPA) for detecting drug resistance. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of TB and rifampicin resistance in pediatric patients and to evaluate the utility of CBNAAT in comparison with LPA and Ziehl-Neelsen staining. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted over one year, from 1st January 2022 to 31st December 2022, at a tertiary care hospital in western Maharashtra. A total of 528 samples from pediatric patients (aged <18 years) suspected of having TB were included. Samples underwent CBNAAT testing and Ziehl-Neelsen staining. Positive samples were further analyzed using LPA or Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) culture. Results: Among the 528 samples analyzed, gastric lavage accounted for 81.25% of the specimens. CBNAAT detected TB in 61 (11.55%) of the samples, with 15 (24.59%) of these showing rifampicin resistance. Samples with very low or low bacterial loads were often missed by Ziehl-Neelsen staining. Conclusion: Pediatric tuberculosis continues to be a public health concern in developing countries. The study found an 11.55% positivity rate in children under 18 years of age, with 24.59% of positive cases exhibiting rifampicin resistance. The findings underscore the importance of using advanced diagnostic techniques like CBNAAT and highlight the limitations of Ziehl-Neelsen staining in detecting low bacterial loads.
A Prospective Randomised Observational Study of Obstructed Total Anamalous Pulmonary Venous Connection (TAPVC) Repair Patients
with Milrinone Versus Milrinone and Inhaled Nitric Oxide
Authors: Singh Sanjeev , Mahrous Deigheidy Ehab , Singh Bhavna , Mohammad Ateequr Rahman Mustafa , Bandoh Irene , Singh Arti 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background: Obstructed total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (OTAPVC) typically presents with severe cardiovascular decompensation and requires urgent surgical management. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a major risk factor affecting mortality. Perioperative management focuses on providing inotropic support and managing potential pulmonary hypertensive episodes. The aim of this study was to determine the outcome of patients with high pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) with milrinone alone and a combination of milrinone and inhaled nitric oxide (INO). Material and Methods: After the approval of the ethical committee, this single-centre prospective randomised and observational study was conducted over a period of two years among eighty-six patients with obstructed TAPVC repair with severe PAH. Group-I patients received milrinone, and Group-II patients received both milrinone (after aortic cross clamp removal) and INO during the post-operative period at the cardiac care unit (CCU). Clinical outcomes such as ventilation time, length of stay (LOS) in the CCU, LOS in the hospital, complications, and hospital mortality were compared between the two groups. Result: The average ventilation time, LOS in CCU, and LOS in hospital for group I were 96.82 ± 19.46 hours, 10.91 ± 7.53 days, and 14.46 ± 7.58 days, respectively, and for group II, it was 85.14 ± 15.79 hours, 7.28 ± 3.68 days, and 10.21 ± 3.14 days, respectively, which was statistically significantly lower for group II. Reintubation, RV dysfunction, and hospital mortality were 16.3%, 37.2%, and 6.9% in group I, and 4.8%, 14.6%, and 2.4% in group II, respectively. The P value for each variable was significant < 0.05 (except mortality). Conclusion: Preoperative obstruction is a risk factor for postoperative obstruction, as 235 patients with obstructed TAPVC had severe PAH (39.98%) in this study. Management of severe PAH with a combination of milrinone and INO had a better outcome than milrinone alone.
IMPACTO DA INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL NA PESQUISA DE COMUNICAÇÃO E COMPORTAMENTO DO CONSUMIDOR: DESAFIOS E OPORTUNIDADES
Authors: Waz de Souza Burkert Teixeira Debora 
Published: September 2024

A inteligência artificial (IA) tem desempenhado um papel cada vez mais significativo em diversas disciplinas, incluindo a comunicação e o estudo do comportamento do consumidor. Com a capacidade de analisar grandes volumes de dados, prever tendências e personalizar interações, a IA não apenas aprimora as metodologias de pesquisa, mas também transforma a forma como entendemos as dinâmicas do consumo e da comunicação.
No entanto, os avanços tecnológicos também trazem desafios e dilemas éticos, que exigem uma reflexão crítica e uma atuação responsável dos pesquisadores e dos gestores. Neste estudo, pretende-se analisar como a IA pode impactar a pesquisa em comunicação e comportamento do consumidor, explorando as nuances e as implicações dessa tecnologia na área. Para isso, será realizada uma revisão de literatura sobre o tema. O objetivo é identificar as principais vantagens e desvantagens da IA nas abordagens de pesquisa, bem como as recomendações e as boas práticas para o seu uso ético e eficaz. Espera-se que este estudo contribua para a produção de conhecimento na área de comunicação e comportamento do consumidor, bem como para a formação de pesquisadores e gestores capazes de lidar com os desafios e as oportunidades da IA na pesquisa.