bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monochromatic subdiffusive spatial frequency domain imaging provides in‐situ sensitivity to intratumoral morphological heterogeneity in a murine model
Authors: McClatchy David M. , Hoopes P. Jack , Pogue Brian W. , Kanick Stephen Chad 
Published: November 2016

For the first time, spatially resolved quantitative metrics of light scattering recovered with sub‐diffusive spatial frequency domain imaging (sd‐SFDI) are shown to be sensitive to changes in intratumoral morphology and viability by direct comparison to histopathological analysis. Two freshly excised subcutaneous murine tumor cross‐sections were measured with sd‐SFDI, and recovered optical scatter parameter maps were co‐registered to whole mount histology. Unique clustering of the optical scatter parameters vs. γ (i.e. diffuse scattering vs. relative backscattering) evaluated at a single wavelength showed complete separation between regions of viable tumor, aggresive tumor with stromal growth, varying levels of necrotic tumor, and also peritumor muscle. The results suggest that with further technical development, sd‐SFDI may represent a non‐destructive screening tool for analysis of excised tissue or a non‐invasive approach to investigate suspicious lesions without the need for exogenous labels or spectrally resolved imaging.
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Effects of Interactions With Animals On Human Psychological Distress
Authors: Crossman Molly K. 
Published: November 2016

ContextHuman–animal interaction (HAI) is widely used as a method of reducing psychological distress. However, research findings in support of HAI have not kept pace with the widespread prevalence in practice.ObjectiveI review and synthesize the quantitative evidence for the influence of HAI on psychological distress and outline future directions for research.ResultsThe evidence suggests that HAI has a small‐to‐medium effect on distress but does not clarify whether animals account for the treatment effects. Research also has not determined whether positive effects observed in circumscribed HAI programs extend to companion animal ownership.ConclusionHAI research needs to address methodological limitations and expand the focus beyond treatment outcome studies. By increasing our understanding of the processes through which HAI reduces distress, the circumstances under which it is most effective at doing so, and the influence HAI has on the animals, we can enhance the impact of HAI.
Force spectroscopy reveals the presence of structurally modified dimers in transthyretin amyloid annular oligomers
Authors: Pires Ricardo H. , Saraiva Maria J. , Damas Ana M. , Kellermayer Miklós S. Z. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractToxicity in amyloidogenic protein misfolding disorders is thought to involve intermediate states of aggregation associated with the formation of amyloid fibrils. Despite their relevance, the heterogeneity and transience of these oligomers have placed great barriers in our understanding of their structural properties. Among amyloid intermediates, annular oligomers or annular protofibrils have raised considerable interest because they may contribute to a mechanism of cellular toxicity via membrane permeation. Here we investigated, by using AFM force spectroscopy, the structural detail of amyloid annular oligomers from transthyretin (TTR), a protein involved in systemic and neurodegenerative amyloidogenic disorders. Manipulation was performed in situ, in the absence of molecular handles and using persistence length‐fit values to select relevant curves. Force curves reveal the presence of dimers in TTR annular oligomers that unfold via a series of structural intermediates. This is in contrast with the manipulation of native TTR that was more often manipulated over length scales compatible with a TTR monomer and without unfolding intermediates. Imaging and force spectroscopy data suggest that dimers are formed by the assembly of monomers in a head‐to‐head orientation with a nonnative interface along their β‐strands. Furthermore, these dimers stack through nonnative contacts that may enhance the stability of the misfolded structure.
Daily climate data for the Amhara region in Northwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Sisay Kibruyesfa , Thurnher Christopher , Hasenauer Hubert 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTMany spatial vegetative physiological and environmental impact studies demand consistent as well as fine resolution daily meteorological data, which is often unavailable. This problem is evident when studies and applications focus at the regional and local scale. Meteorological stations cannot provide the needed data due to their irregular locations and several associated shortcomings such as missing data. Climate data from global sources like the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and WorldClim are provided at a coarse resolution which makes them inappropriate to use directly at regional and local scales. In order to circumvent this problem, we downscaled daily WorldClim and NCEP global climate grids to produce weather data sets using a delta method to (approximately 1 × 1 km) spatial resolution for the Amhara region of northwestern Ethiopia. The downscaled data set includes daily precipitation, and minimum and maximum temperature from 1979 to 2010. The drizzle effect in the downscaled data set was first eliminated by using a rain threshold that removed values of <1 mm per day. We compared the downscaled values with our calibration data from 56 meteorological stations in the Amhara region. The comparison between the downscaled and the calibrated data from weather stations showed biases in the downscaled values. A delta‐change bias correction technique on a 10‐day average basis was used to correct the biases associated with the downscaled data. Simple additive and multiplicative bias correction methods were used for temperature and precipitation, respectively. We then validated the corrected downscaled daily weather data using ten independent weather stations from the region. We found that the downscaling and the bias correction methods have improved the NCEP values. The validation exhibited no bias. The full data set can be accessed freely under the following link:
ftp://palantir.boku.ac.at/Public/ClimateDataEthiopia/.
Outbreaks and factors influencing microbiological contamination of fresh produce
Authors: Wadamori Yukiko , Gooneratne Ravi , Hussain Malik A 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFresh fruits and vegetables are nutritionally well‐recognised as healthy components in diets. The microbiological foodborne outbreaks associated with the consumption of fresh produce have been increasing. Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus, Campylobacter spp. and Listeria monocytogenes are the most common pathogens that contaminate fresh produce. This review discusses recent foodborne outbreaks linked to fresh produce, factors that affect microbiological contamination and measures that could be adopted to reduce the foodborne illnesses. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Borderline operability in hepatectomy patients is associated with higher rates of failure to rescue after severe complications
Authors: Kim Bradford J. , Tzeng Ching‐Wei D. , Cooper Amanda B. , Vauthey Jean‐Nicolas , Aloia Thomas A. 
Published: November 2016

Background/ObjectiveTo understand the influence of age and comorbidities, this study analyzed the incidence and risk factors for post‐hepatectomy morbidity/mortality in patients with “borderline” (BL) operability, defined by the preoperative factors: age ≥75 years, dependent function, lung disease, ascites/varices, myocardial infarction, stroke, steroids, weight loss >10%, and/or sepsis.MethodsAll elective hepatectomies were identified in the 2005–2013 ACS‐NSQIP database. Predictors of 30‐day morbidity/mortality in BL patients were analyzed.ResultsA 3,574/15,920 (22.4%) patients met BL criteria. Despite non‐BL and BL patients undergoing similar magnitude hepatectomies (P > 0.4), BL patients had higher severe complication (SC, 23.3% vs. 15.3%) and mortality rates (3.7% vs. 1.2%, P < 0.001). BL patients with any SC experienced a 14.1% mortality rate (vs. 7.3%, non‐BL, P < 0.001). Independent risk factors for SC in BL patients included American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score >3 (odds ratio, OR – 1.29), smoking (OR – 1.41), albumin <3.5 g/dl (OR – 1.36), bilirubin >1 (OR – 2.21), operative time >240 min (OR – 1.58), additional colorectal procedure (OR – 1.78), and concurrent procedure (OR – 1.73, all P < 0.05). Independent predictors of mortality included disseminated cancer (OR – 0.44), albumin <3.5 g/dl (OR – 1.94), thrombocytopenia (OR – 1.95), and extended/right hepatectomy (OR – 2.81, all P < 0.01).ConclusionsHepatectomy patients meeting BL criteria have an overall post‐hepatectomy mortality rate that is triple that of non‐BL patients. With less clinical reserve, BL patients who suffer SC are at greater risk of post‐hepatectomy death. J. Surg. Oncol. 2017;115:337–343. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
International Tourists’ Reactions to a Natural Disaster: Experiences of the 2015 Earthquake in Nepal Among Israeli Travelers
Authors: Itzhaky Haya , Kissil Karni , Weiss‐Dagan Shlomit 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThere is a scarcity of research exploring the experiences of foreign travelers exposed to natural disasters while abroad. This qualitative study explored the experiences of the 2015 earthquake in Nepal among international travelers immediately following the earthquake. In‐depth interviews were conducted with 21 Israeli backpackers who were traveling in Nepal at the time of the earthquake. Thematic analysis revealed 4 themes: emotional turmoil, quick recovery, springing into action, and connection to the army. Findings suggest that foreign travelers initially respond with emotional turmoil to the disaster. Then they actively search for ways to effectively cope with the situation by problem solving, creating a community of action and support, and searching their own history for similar circumstances that can provide a sense of competence or clear directions for coping. Implications and limitations of the study, as well as suggestions for future research are discussed.
Subsite variation in survival of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas 2004 to 2011
Authors: Platek Mary E. , Jayaprakash Vijayvel , Gupta Vishal , Cohan David M. , Hicks Wesley L. , Winslow Timothy B. , Platek Alexis J. , Groman Adrienne , Dibaj Shiva , Arshad Hassan , Kuriakose Moni A. , Warren Graham W. , Singh Anurag K. 
Published: November 2016

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate subsite‐specific differences in survival between squamous cell carcinomas of the base of tongue and tonsillar fossa in a modern cohort likely to have been treated with intensity‐modulated radiation therapy, chemotherapy for stage III and IV, and have had a high incidence of human papillomavirus–associated tumors.Study DesignRetrospective cohort analysis utilizing data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program of patients with base of tongue and tonsillar fossa squamous cell carcinoma from 2004 to 2011.MethodsThe cohort included 15,299 primary base of tongue and tonsillar fossa squamous cell carcinoma patients without distant metastases treated between 2004 and 2011. Subsite differences in overall survival and disease‐specific survival were examined with Kaplan‐Meier curves. Multivariate cox proportional hazard ratios were estimated for overall and disease‐specific survival.ResultsThe cohort included 7,220 (47.2%) base of tongue and 8,079 (52.8%) tonsillar fossa squamous cell carcinoma patients. Overall survival with all stages combined favored tonsillar fossa (P < .001) and remained superior when stratified by stage. In multivariate analyses adjusted for age, gender, race, and treatment, the hazard ratio for overall survival was superior for tonsillar fossa tumors compared to base of tongue tumors for all stages (stage 1, P = .041; stage 2, P = .006; stages 3 and 4, P < .001). Disease‐specific survival also favored improved outcomes for tonsillar fossa.ConclusionsIn this large modern cohort, overall and disease‐specific survival favored outcomes in tonsillar fossa compared with base of tongue. Further study is required to evaluate factors that influence survival differences between tonsillar fossa and base of tongue despite modern therapy.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 127:1087–1092, 2017
Highly tunable elastic dielectric metasurface lenses
Authors: Kamali Seyedeh Mahsa , Arbabi Ehsan , Arbabi Amir , Horie Yu , Faraon Andrei 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDielectric metasurfaces are two‐dimensional structures composed of nano‐scatterers that manipulate the phase and polarization of optical waves with subwavelength spatial resolution, thus enabling ultra‐thin components for free‐space optics. While high performance devices with various functionalities, including some that are difficult to achieve using conventional optical setups have been shown, most demonstrated components have fixed parameters. Here, we demonstrate highly tunable dielectric metasurface devices based on subwavelength thick silicon nano‐posts encapsulated in a thin transparent elastic polymer. As proof of concept, we demonstrate a metasurface microlens operating at 915 nm, with focal distance tuning from 600 μm to 1400 μm (over 952 diopters change in optical power) through radial strain, while maintaining a diffraction limited focus and a focusing efficiency above 50%. The demonstrated tunable metasurface concept is highly versatile for developing ultra‐slim, multi‐functional and tunable optical devices with widespread applications ranging from consumer electronics to medical devices and optical communications.
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Electrospun Lipid Binding Proteins Composite Nanofibers with Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Tomaselli Simona , Ramirez Diego Omar Sanchez , Carletto Riccardo Andrea , Varesano Alessio , Vineis Claudia , Zanzoni Serena , Molinari Henriette , Ragona Laura 
Published: November 2016

Electrospinning is here used for the first time to prepare nanofibers including a host/guest complex in a keratin/poly(ethylene oxide) matrix. The host is a lipid binding protein and the guest is an insoluble bactericidal molecule, irgasan, bound within the protein internal cavity. The obtained nanofibers, characterized by scanning electron microscopy, exhibit excellent antibacterial activity toward Gram positive and negative bacteria, even with a moderate protein/irgasan cargo. Solution NMR studies, employed to provide molecular information on the cargo system, points to a micromolar affinity, compatible with both the electrospinning process and slow guest release. The versatility of the carrier protein, capable of interacting with a variety of druggable hydrophobic molecules, is exploitable for the development of innovative biomedical devices, whose properties can be tuned by the selected guest.
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Modellreaktionen mit Sonnenlicht oder Taschenlampe
Authors: Hoffmann Heiko , Tausch Michael W. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDie Photopinakolisierungen von Benzophenon und Aesculin sind preiswert und einfach durchzuführen und bieten so einen experimentellen Einstieg in zentrale Konzepte der Photochemie.
Chemie vermitteln – aber wie?
Authors: Kolbeck Eva 
Published: November 2016

AbstractChemiker forschen in ihrem Berufsalltag nicht nur, sondern müssen ihr chemisches Wissen auch weitergeben. Daher haben wir an der Universität Münster ein Qualifizierungsangebot für Promovierende entwickelt, das ihre Vermittlungsfähigkeiten schult.
Biopolymere aus der Kläranlage
Authors: Pittmann Timo 
Published: November 2016

AbstractEine Quelle für biologisch abbaubare Kunststoffe sind Bakterien im Primärschlamm. Entsprechend ausgelegte Reaktoren könnten den Bedarf an Biokunststoffen decken, ohne etwa auf nachwachsende Rohstoffe zuzugreifen.
Long‐term outcomes of 95 children with moderate aplastic anemia treated with horse antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporine
Authors: Nishikawa Eri , Yagasaki Hiroshi , Hama Asahito , Yabe Hiromasa , Ohara Akira , Kosaka Yoshiyuki , Kudo Kazuko , Kobayashi Ryoji , Ohga Shouichi , Morimoto Akira , Watanabe Ken‐ichiro , Yoshida Nao , Muramatsu Hideki , Takahashi Yoshiyuki , Kojima Seiji 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, the standard management of moderate aplastic anemia (MAA) has not been well described, although the superiority of the combination of antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and cyclosporine (CyA) over CyA alone has been demonstrated in terms of hematological responses and failure‐free survival (FFS).ProcedureWe adopted this therapeutic strategy and treated 95 children with MAA who were enrolled in two consecutive prospective studies between October 1992 and August 2009.ResultsFor these patients, the 6‐month response rate was 54.7% (complete response, 13.7%; partial response, 41.1%). There were no statistically significant differences in the overall response rates between the transfusion‐dependent (48.8%, n = 41) and transfusion‐independent groups (59.3%, n = 54; P = 0.4). Treatment failure was defined as the requirement of salvage treatment, and was observed in 52 patients. The 10‐year FFS was 44.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 32.9%–54.6%). Of the 22 patients who underwent a second immunosuppressive therapy (IST), 12 responded. Forty patients underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as second‐ or third‐line therapy and three died of complications. Consequently, the 10‐year overall survival rate was 96.0% (95% CI, 88.0%–98.7%) with a median follow‐up period of 103 months (range, 29–221 months).ConclusionsAlthough current guidelines recommend only observation for patients with transfusion‐independent MAA, the results of our study justify early intervention with ATG and CyA in those patients. A prospective randomized trial is warranted to clarify the risks and benefits of early intervention with IST and observation alone until progression to severe AA in patients with MAA.
The value of the first trimester ultrasound in the era of cell free DNA screening
Authors: Rao Rashmi R. , Valderramos Stephanie G. , Silverman Neil S. , Han Christina S. , Platt Lawrence D. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinically relevant findings detected by the first trimester ultrasound (FTU) and to determine the additional value of the FTU compared to cell free DNA (cfDNA) alone.MethodRetrospective cohort study of patients undergoing a FTU at a maternal–fetal medicine referral practice. Fetal, gynecologic, and placental findings detected by ultrasound were analyzed with available cfDNA and diagnostic testing results. A subgroup analysis of positive ultrasound findings and cfDNA results was performed to assess the additional benefit of ultrasound evaluation in FT prenatal screening.ResultsThere were 1906 FTU between 1 October 2013 and 1 October 2014. CfDNA results were available for 959 (50%) patients. FTU detected: 42 fetal (2.2%), 286 gynecologic (15.0%), and 317 placental (16.6%) findings. CfDNA results were discordant with invasive testing results in 8/61 cases (13%) and with ultrasound findings in 18/42 (42%) cases. There were six false positive and two false negative cfDNA results confirmed by diagnostic testing. Subgroup analysis revealed that cfDNA as the sole method of prenatal screening in the FT would miss 95% of the fetal findings detected with ultrasound.ConclusionThe comprehensive FTU provides valuable clinical information about fetal and maternal anatomy that cannot be detected with cfDNA alone. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of neonatal outcome of TTTS by fetal heart and Doppler ultrasound parameters before and after laser treatment
Authors: Delabaere A. , Leduc F. , Reboul Q. , Fuchs F. , Wavrant S. , Fouron J. C. , Audibert F. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the prognostic value of fetal Doppler and echocardiographic parameters for neonatal survival up to 30 days after laser coagulation in monochorionic pregnancies complicated by twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS).MethodsFetal echocardiography and outcome data of consecutive cases of TTTS treated by laser were retrospectively reviewed. Hemodynamic and cardiac function parameters were collected before and after laser.ResultsBetween February 2006 and January 2015, 106 fetoscopic laser were performed. The final analysis was limited to cases with ultrasound within 2 days before laser (n = 77) and 4 weeks after laser (n = 86). Overall neonatal survival rate was 64.9% (135/208) and 77.9% of pregnancies (81/104) had at least one baby alive. For the recipient twin, the preoperative predictors of neonatal survival were umbilical artery (UA) pulsatility index (PI), cerebro‐placental PI ratio, UA end diastolic flow (EDF), ductus venosus a‐wave, right ventricular myocardial performance index (RV‐MPI) and CHOP score. The postoperative predictors of donor survival were donor RV‐MPI and recipient UA EDF, umbilical vein pulsations, tricuspid regurgitation, cardiac hypertrophy and CHOP score.ConclusionThe hemodynamic predictors of postnatal survival after laser were preoperative signs of recipient cardiomyopathy and postoperative signs of cardiac overload in both twins. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geknickter Stab mit unerwarteter Krümmung
Authors: Schneider Werner 
Published: November 2016

AbstractEbene optische Grenzflächen können gegenüber landläufigen Vorstellungen auch abbildend wirken. Die daraus folgenden Konsequenzen werden besonders bei Beobachtungen an einem Aquarium sichtbar, die zunächst überraschen. Sie können jedoch leicht mit einem Computerprogramm zur Strahlenoptik gedeutet werden.
Botschaften aus der Geschichte des Universums
Authors: Schäfer Björn Malte 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDer kosmische Mikrowellenhintergund (CMB) weist Anisotropien auf, die Informationen über die Entstehung der kosmischen Strukturen wie Galaxienhaufen enthalten. Neben den primären Anisotropien besitzt der CMB Strukturen, die durch die Wechselwirkung der Photonen auf dem Weg zu uns entstehen. Die Wechselwirkung kann durch Compton‐Streuung an Elektronen oder durch gravitative Wechselwirkung erfolgen. Beide ermöglichen einen neuen Blick auf kosmische Strukturen und deren Entwicklung. Ihre Beobachtung ist das Ziel von vielen neuen Experimenten, die durch ihre Ergebnisse ein Brücke zwischen der fundamentalen Physik derKosmologie und der Astronomie schlagen.
Die Kometenmission Rosetta
Authors: Krüger Harald 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDie Rosetta‐Mission ist ein Meilenstein in der Erforschung der Kometen und ihrer Entstehung. Eine der größten Überraschungen war die unregelmäßige hantelförmige Gestalt des Zielkometen 67P/Tschurjumow‐Gerassimenko. Er besteht wahrscheinlich aus zwei Einzelkörpern, die durch ihre Schwerkraft aneinander gehalten werden. Seine Oberfläche ist sehr rau und zeigt eine sehr vielfältige Morphologie, die auf eine Vielzahl von ablaufenden Prozessen hindeutet. Der Kometenkern ist vermutlich auf Größenskalen von mehr als etwa 10 bis 100 Metern homogen, Inhomogenitäten auf kleineren Skalen könnten für seine Aktivität verantwortlich sein. Diese ist auf kleine Gebiete konzentriert, und auch Oberflächenveränderungen, die sich innerhalb von einigen Tagen bis wenigen Wochen abspielen, sind lokal. Im Kometenmaterial wurde eine Vielzahl an organischen Substanzen gemessen, die zum Teil als Schlüsselmoleküle für die Synthese der Grundbausteine des Lebens gelten, wie wir es kennen.
Karl Schwarzschild – Pionier der Astrophysik
Authors: Wolfschmidt Gudrun 
Published: November 2016

AbstractKarl Schwarzschild begann seine astrophysikalischen Studien in Straßburg auf dem Gebiet der Veränderlichen Sterne. Eine Sonnenfinsternis in Algerien im Jahr 1905 war sein Einstieg in das Thema Sonnenphysik, was ihn 1906 zum Begriff des Strahlungsgleichgewichtes führte. Als Direktor des Astrophysikalischen Observatoriums Potsdam (1909 bis 1916) beschäftigte er sich neben Sonnenphysik, Stellarstatistik und Sternatmosphären besonders mit der gerade entstehenden Allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie. Kurz vor seinem Tod entwickelte er die ersten exakten Lösungen der Allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie und stieß dabei auf das Phänomen der Schwarzen Löcher und den später nach ihm benannten Schwarzschild‐Radius.