bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Une sanitarisation du pénal ?
Authors: Mahi Lara 
Published: December 2015

Cet article interroge l’intégration d’une approche sanitaire dans les décisions judiciaires à travers l’analyse des procédés par lesquels justiciables, magistrats et avocats mobilisent des événements de santé au cours de procès pénaux. À partir d’observations conduites pendant un an dans les trois sections d’une chambre de comparution immédiate et de la constitution d’une base de données issue de ces observations (n = 290), nous montrons que la maladie est un registre d’exploration pour les magistrats qui, poursuivant une logique d’individualisation de la peine, incitent les justiciables à révéler un « problème de santé ». Ceux qui révèlent être malades sont ensuite systématiquement questionnés sur leur engagement dans une prise en charge médicale. Les analyses de régression font apparaître que cette dernière détermine fortement la sanction pénale. Les justiciables engagés dans une démarche de soins sont « protégés » de la prison tandis que ceux qui ne se soignent pas y sont plus souvent directement conduits à l’issue de leur procès. Ces résultats et l’analyse des procédés argumentatifs par lesquels ces « problèmes de santé » sont mobilisés au cours des débats d’audience mettent en évidence les attentes à partir desquelles les juges construisent leurs décisions, qui prennent la forme de trois impératifs normatifs pesant sur l’ensemble des justiciables et conduisant à une surincarcération des plus désaffiliés d’entre eux, parmi lesquels les malades qui ne se soignent pas.
Dengue Virus Nonstructural Protein 1–Induced Antibodies Cross-React with Human Plasminogen and Enhance Its Activation
Authors: Chuang Yung-Chun , Lin Jessica , Lin Yee-Shin , Wang Shuying , Yeh Trai-Ming 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection is the most common mosquito-borne viral disease, and it can cause life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Abnormal activation of the coagulation and fibrinolysis system is one of the hallmarks of DHF/DSS. However, the mechanism underlying hemorrhage in DHF/DSS remains elusive. In previous studies, plasminogen (Plg) cross-reactive Abs, which can recognize DENV nonstructural protein (NS) 1, have been found in dengue patients. However, it is unclear whether these Abs are indeed induced by DENV NS1. Thus, we immunized mice with recombinant NS1 from both bacteria and drosophila to determine whether NS1 can induce Plg cross-reactive Abs. The results from the NS1-immunized mouse sera indicated that NS1 immunization induced Abs that could cross-react with Plg. To study the effects of these NS1-induced Plg cross-reactive Abs on fibrinolysis, we isolated several Plg cross-reactive anti-NS1 mAbs from these mice and found that some of them could enhance Plg activation. In addition, epitope mapping with a phage-displayed random peptide library revealed that one of these mAbs (2A5) could recognize NS1 C-terminal residues 305–311, which share sequence homology with Plg residues 590–597. A synthetic peptide of NS1 residues 305–311 could inhibit the binding of both 2A5 and its Fab to Plg and its enhanced activation. Thus, our results suggest that DENV NS1 can induce Plg cross-reactive Abs through molecular mimicry, which can enhance Plg activation and may contribute to the pathogenesis of DHF/DSS.
Tertiary Lymphoid Tissue Forms in Retinas of Mice with Spontaneous Autoimmune Uveitis and Has Consequences on Visual Function
Authors: Kielczewski Jennifer L. , Horai Reiko , Jittayasothorn Yingyos , Chan Chi-Chao , Caspi Rachel R. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
During chronic inflammation, tertiary lymphoid tissue (TLT) can form within an inflamed organ, including the CNS. However, little is known about TLT formation in the neuroretina. In a novel spontaneous autoimmune mouse model of uveitis (R161H), we identified well-organized lymphoid aggregates in the retina and examined them for TLT characteristics. Presence of immune cells, tissue-specific markers, and gene expression patterns typically associated with germinal centers and T follicular helper cells were examined using immunohistochemistry and gene analysis of laser capture microdissected retina. Our data revealed the retinal lymphoid structures contained CD4+ T cells and B cells in well-defined zonal areas that expressed classic germinal center markers, peanut lectin (agglutinin) and GL-7. Gene expression analysis showed upregulation of T follicular helper cell markers, most notably CXCR5 and its ligand CXCL13, and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed CXCR5 expression, typically associated with CD4+ T follicular helper cells. Highly organized stromal cell networks, a hallmark of organized lymphoid tissue, were also present. Positive staining for phospho-Zap70 in retina-specific T cells indicated CD4+ T cells were being activated within these lymphoid structures. CD138+/B220+ plasma cells were detected, suggesting the retinal lymphoid aggregates give rise to functional germinal centers, which produce Abs. Interestingly, eyes with lymphoid aggregates exhibited lower inflammatory scores by fundus examination and a slower initial rate of loss of visual function by electroretinography, compared with eyes without these structures. Our findings suggest that the lymphoid aggregates in the retina of R161H mice represent organized TLT, which impact the course of chronic uveitis.
Treatment method and restorative material preferences of dental practitioners
Authors: Vural Uzay Koç , Gökalp Saadet 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Objective: The present study is aimed to investigate the preference profiles of treatment methods used by private dental practitioners in Ankara for deep carious lesions of mature permanent teeth. Methods: Private dental practitioners (general/specialist), in five districts of Ankara, were provided with a questionnaire comprising demographic characteristics and their preferred treatment methods for two simulated clinical cases related to deep caries excavation technique for anterior (Case A) and posterior, permanent teeth (Case B) with restorative material choices. The questionnaire was delivered personally to the participants who accepted the invitation. Documentation was retrieved back at another appointment after 1–3 weeks intervals. Data were analyzed using frequency analysis and Chi-square tests. Results: A total of 371 dentists, aged 25–69 years, took part in the study representing a response rate of 51.38%. Valid responses were 328 (168 males and 160 females) due to incomplete questionnaires. In Case A, complete caries excavation was the preferred treatment method (62.5%) followed by stepwise excavation (28.4%). Dentists, who had an excessive workload, indicated a stepwise excavation treatment significantly less than the dentists who had less workload (P = 0.001). In Case B, the preferences were narrowly distributed between complete caries excavation (50.9%) and stepwise excavation (42.4%). Composite restoration (31.7%) was more selected than amalgam (27.1%) with complete excavation technique. Workload has no effect on the treatment options of the posterior tooth with deep dentin caries. Conclusion: Dentists mostly adopted traditional caries removal technique. There is no uniform treatment method of deep carious lesions among dentists in anterior and, especially in posterior regions in Ankara, Turkey.
Comparison of chemomechanical caries removal using Papacárie versus conventional method in children
Authors: Almaz Merve Erkmen , Sönmez Işıl Şaroğlu , Oba Aylin Akbay 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of chemomechanical caries removal (Papacárie), compared with the conventional method. Materials and Methods: The study consisted of 50 primary molars selected from 25 healthy children (mean age 7.6 ± 1.1). Each patient had at least two primary molars with approximately equal-size caries lesions. Both treatments were carried out in the same session. Before and after treatment, fluorescence values were obtained using DIAGNOdent Pen and time needed for caries removal was recorded. Each patient was asked whether he/she felt any pain, requested for local anesthesia, which treatment he/she preferred, and behavior of the patient during caries removal was assessed. Data were analyzed using McNemar, Wilcoxon signed rank, and Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: The clinical evaluation revealed that all the cavities were caries free after both techniques. Comparison of the difference in fluorescence values showed that readings were lower after conventional method (P < 0.05). The time taken for chemomechanical caries removal was approximately 2 times longer (t-test). There was no difference between two methods in terms of pain and patient behavior (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Chemomechanical caries removal and conventional method exhibited similar efficacy in caries removal.
Comparison of shear bond strength of self-adhering flowable composite with different flowable composites to dentin
Authors: Almaz Merve Erkmen , Oba Aylin Akbay , Sönmez Işıl Şaroğlu , Sönmez Deniz 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure and compare the shear bond strength of a self-adhering flowable resin composite with different flowable composites to dentin. Materials and Methods: A total of 48 extracted teeth were divided randomly into four groups, and dentin surfaces were exposed. Following materials were applied to dentin surfaces; Group I: VF (self-adhering flowable composite), Group II: CSE Bond (two-step self-etch adhesive) + CMF (conventional flowable composite), Group III: AB SE (one-step self-etch adhesive) + AF (conventional flowable composite), Group IV: AEO (one-step self-etch adhesive) + FUF (conventional flowable composite). The specimens were subjected to shear loading using a universal testing machine. The type of failure was detected with an illuminated microscope. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey multiple comparison test were used to determine statistical significance differences between groups. Results: Mean shear bond strength values were ranked as follows; Group II < Group IV < Group III < Group I. Statistically significant differences were found among all groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Group I; the self-adhering flowable resin composite had the lowest shear bond strength values while Group II; showed the highest shear bond strength among the materials tested.
Oral glucose tolerance test in unstimulated saliva of healthy individuals
Authors: Mirzaii-Dizgah Mohammad-Hossein , Mirzaii-Dizgah Iraj , Mirzaii-Dizgah Mohammad-Reza 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in unstimulated whole saliva as a diagnostic specimen in clinical practice for detection of diabetes mellitus (DM). Materials and Methods: An interventional study was carried out in 30 apparently healthy individuals aged 24-59 years. Serum and saliva samples were obtained in fasting, 1 h and 2 h after glucose intake (75 g). Glucose concentration was determined by enzymatic colorimetric glucose oxidase-prostatic acid phosphatase assay. Statistical analysis of the repeated ANOVA (followed Bonferroni post-hoc test) and Pearson correlation coefficient were used. Results: The mean serum glucose concentration was significantly higher 1 h after glucose intake (152.32 ± 31.06) than both fasting state (106.38 ± 41.08; P < 0.001) and 2 h after glucose intake (125.21 ± 51.71; P < 0.001). Saliva glucose was also significantly higher 1 h after glucose intake (5.46 ± 2.41) than both fasting state (2.84 ± 1.46; P < 0.001) and 2 h after glucose intake (4.01 ± 1.91; P < 0.001). There were significant positive correlation between saliva and serum glucose concentration in fasting state (r = 0.502; P = 0.044), 1 h (r = 0.756; P = 0.0001), and 2 h (r = 0.543; P = 0.023) after oral glucose intake. Conclusion: It seems that unstimulated saliva can be used as an alternative to serum for diagnosis of DM in OGTT.
First giant otter distribution survey in the southeast of Roraima, Brazil, with notes on the OSG Guidelines for a Standardization of Survey Methods
Authors: Evangelista Emanuela , Tosi Chiara 
Published: December 2015

A distribution survey of giant otter was conducted for the first time in the southeast corner of Roraima, bordering the state of Amazonas, in Brazil (1° 4' S, 61°36' O). The region has recently been recognized as a protected area and is currently elaborating its own management plan. Our survey was carried out according to the guidelines for a standardisation of survey methods as recommended by the IUCN/SSC Otter Specialist Group. The short expedition covered two squares of 100x100km on the UTM grid and interested tree different river basins, investigating black-water as well as white-water watercourses. With the aim of contributing to the optimisation of the standard survey methodology, we carried out some field tests during the survey and present the results in this paper. The expedition revealed the presence of giant otter in all the basins investigated and recorded a series of human activities that may represent a threat to the species survival in the future. Although the results presented are preliminary, we discuss the implication of the presence of the giant otter in the region from a conservation perspective and provide suggestions for the protected area management plan.
Effect of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome on the Ulnar Nerve at the Wrist
Authors: Kang Seok , Yang Seung Nam , Yoon Joon Shik , Kang Hyo Jeong , Won Sun Jae 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the ulnar nerve at the wrist by sonographicand electrophysiologic studies between patients with carpal tunnel syndrome and control participants and to verify the effect of carpal tunnel syndrome of the ulnar nerve at the wrist.MethodsForty‐two hands of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome and 37 hands of control participants were examined. Electrophysiologic studies of the ulnar nerve were done in all participants. The cross‐sectional areas of the median and ulnar nerves at the wrist were evaluated by sonography. Fifteen hands of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome who underwent carpal tunnel release were also evaluated by sonography after the operation.ResultsThe ulnar nerve cross‐sectional area of the patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (mean ± SD, 5.16 ± 1.04 mm2) was significantly larger than that of the controls (3.56 ± 0.52 mm2; P < .0001). After release of the transverse carpal ligament, the cross‐sectional area of the ulnar nerve was significantly smaller than the size measured prior to surgery (P < .0001). The cross‐sectional area of the median nerve was significantly correlated with that of the ulnar nerve (P < .05). However, no statistically significant difference was found between the patients with carpal tunnel syndrome and controls in ulnar nerve conduction. There were no statistically significant differences in nerve conduction study results or cross‐sectional area of the ulnar nerve between patients with carpal tunnel syndrome with and without extramedian symptoms.ConclusionsThe cross‐sectional areas of the ulnar and median nerves at the wrist are increased in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. Also, the cross‐sectional area of the ulnar nerve is decreased after carpal tunnel release.
Customized Fetal Growth Charts for Parents' Characteristics, Race, and Parity by Quantile Regression Analysis
Authors: Ghi Tullio , Cariello Luisa , Rizzo Ludovica , Ferrazzi Enrico , Periti Enrico , Prefumo Federico , Stampalija Tamara , Viora Elsa , Verrotti Carla , Rizzo Giuseppe 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to construct fetal biometric charts between 16 and 40 weeks’ gestation that were customized for parental characteristics, race, and parity, using quantile regression analysis.MethodsIn a multicenter cross‐sectional study, 8070 sonographic examinations from low‐risk pregnancies between 16 and 40 weeks’ gestation were analyzed. The fetal measurements obtained were biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, and femur diaphysis length. Quantile regression was used to examine the impact of parental height and weight, parity, and race across biometric percentiles for the fetal measurements considered.ResultsPaternal and maternal height were significant covariates for all of the measurements considered (P < .05). Maternal weight significantly influenced head circumference, abdominal circumference, and femur diaphysis length. Parity was significantly associated with biparietal diameter and head circumference. Central African race was associated with head circumference and femur diaphysis length, whereas North African race was only associated with femur diaphysis length.ConclusionsIn this study we constructed customized biometric growth charts using quantile regression in a large cohort of low‐risk pregnancies. These charts offer the advantage of defining individualized normal ranges of fetal biometric parameters at each specific percentile corrected for parental height and weight, parity, and race. This study supports the importance of including these variables in routine sonographic screening for fetal growth abnormalities.
A study on electric field mapping from the F region to the E region at Arecibo
Authors: Gong Yun , Zhou Qihou , Zhang Shaodong 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe present the first direct comparison of the vertical electric fields in the E and F regions at Arecibo. The electric field is generally assumed to be height invariant and can be mapped from the F region to the E region along the magnetic field line. We develop a method to verify the electric field mapping by comparing the E and F region eastward ion drifts at heights where the E region vertical ion drift is zero. Our method avoids using the ion‐neutral collision frequency, which is considered to be the most uncertain parameter in computing the E region electric field using radar measurements. The results show that the F region eastward E × B ion drift and the E region eastward ion drift at locations where vertical ion drift equals zero are not consistent. This implies that the E region vertical electric field is not the same as that from the F region.
Homelessness and Crime
Authors: Mustaine Elizabeth Ehrhardt 
Published: December 2015

National estimates of homelessness vary considerably from a low of approximately 1 million to a high of 3 million. Regardless of the numbers, most individuals who are homeless have stories to tell about their experiences being unhoused and poor. These stories often incorporate the challenges of surviving each day: finding enough food, locating shelter when the weather turns bad, dealing with health issues and emergencies, and being confronted with life‐threatening situations. Unfortunately, they also include daily humiliations, stigmatization, and being ignored by the many people living in urban areas who appear unconcerned with their crises.
Another regular experience of the homeless is that of crime. This entry provides a brief review on the relationship between homelessness and crime.
Efficacy of Preoperative Progressive Resistance Training on Postoperative Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Skoffer Birgit , Maribo Thomas , Mechlenburg Inger , Hansen Per M. , Søballe Kjeld , Dalgas Ulrik 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of 4 weeks of preoperative and 4 weeks of postoperative progressive resistance training (PRT), compared to 4 weeks of postoperative PRT only on functional performance, muscle strength, and patient‐reported outcomes in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA).MethodsIn total, 59 patients were randomized to 4 weeks of preoperative PRT (intervention group) or to a group who lived as usual (control group). Both groups performed 4 weeks of PRT after TKA. At 6 weeks and 1 week before TKA, and at 1, 6, and 12 weeks after TKA, performance‐based measures (30‐second chair stand test [30sCST], timed‐up‐and‐go [TUG], and walking tests), knee extensor and flexor muscle strength (dynamometry), patient‐reported functional performance, health‐related quality of life, and pain scores were evaluated.ResultsWhen comparing the changes from baseline to the primary test point 6 weeks after TKA, a significant group difference in favor of the intervention group was found for the 30sCST (2.5 repetitions [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.9, 4.1] versus −1.1 repetitions [95% CI −2.8, 0.7]; P < 0.004), the TUG (−0.7 seconds [95% CI −1.6, 0.1] versus 0.8 seconds [95% CI −0.1, 1.7]; P = 0.015), normalized knee extensor muscle strength (−0.2 Nm/kg [95% CI −0.3, −0.1] versus −0.4 Nm/kg [95% CI −0.5, −0.3]; P = 0.002), and normalized knee flexor muscle strength (0.1 Nm/kg [95% CI 0.0, 0.2] versus 0.0 Nm/kg [95% CI −0.1, 0.1]; P = 0.016). No differences were found between groups on patient‐reported outcomes.ConclusionSupervised preoperative PRT is an efficacious and safe intervention for improving postoperative functional performance and muscle strength, but improvements in patient‐reported outcomes were not detected.
Global Prevalence of Spondyloarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Regression Analysis
Authors: Stolwijk Carmen , van Onna Marloes , Boonen Annelies , van Tubergen Astrid 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveTo summarize the prevalence of spondyloarthritis (SpA) and its subtypes in the general population, and to identify demographic and methodologic characteristics that might explain heterogeneity in prevalence estimates.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed to identify relevant articles. Risk of bias was assessed and data were extracted. Pooled prevalences were calculated. Potential sources of heterogeneity were explored by subgroup analysis and meta‐regression analysis.ResultsThe prevalence of SpA ranged from 0.20% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.00–0.66) in South‐East Asia to 1.61% (95% CI 1.27–2.00) in Northern Arctic communities; the prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) from 0.02% (95% CI 0.00–0.21) in Sub‐Saharan Africa to 0.35% (95% CI 0.24–0.48) in Northern Arctic communities; and the prevalence of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) from 0.01% (95% CI 0.00–0.17) in the Middle East to 0.19% (95% CI 0.16–0.32) in Europe. The following characteristics were significantly associated with variation in prevalence of SpA, AS, and/or PsA: proportion of females, mean age of the sample, geographic area and setting (demographic characteristics), year of data collection, case finding, and case ascertainment (methodologic characteristics). For the other SpA subgroups, too few studies were available to conduct a meta‐analysis, but prevalence estimates of reactive arthritis (range 0.0–0.2%), SpA related to inflammatory bowel disease (range 0.0–0.1%), and undifferentiated SpA (range 0.0–0.7%) were generally low.ConclusionSpA is a common disease, but with large variation in reported prevalence estimates, which can partly be explained by differences in demographic and methodologic characteristics. Particularly, geographic area as well as case finding account for a substantial part of the heterogeneity.