bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medicamentos causantes de hepatotoxicidad en el embarazo: revisión estructurada
Authors: Cano Paniagua Alejandra , Amariles Muñoz Pedro José 
Published: May 2017

Objetivo: identificar los medicamentos y determinar las principales características asociadas con hepatotoxicidad por medicamentos en el embarazo.Método: revisión estructurada en PubMed/Medline, EMBASE y Web of Science utilizando los términos: Drug induced liver injury OR Hepatotoxicity AND Pregnancy. La búsqueda incluyó artículos en inglés, español, humanos, entre 2005 y 2015, con información sobre hepatotoxicidad por medicamentos en el embarazo. Fueron excluidos los artículos sin relación con embarazo o hepatotoxicidad, asociados con otras causas de enfermedad hepática o con hepatotoxicidad por otras sustancias. La información del medicamento y las características de los pacientes fueron registradas en una tabla. La probabilidad de la aparición de hepatotoxicidad fue valorada y agrupada en tres categorías: definida, probable y posible; para algunos medicamentos fue determinada por el método RUCAM.Resultados: fueron identificados 488 artículos, de los cuales 46 fueron seleccionados. Fueron identificados también 12 medicamentos (acetaminofeno, alfametildopa, labetalol, metotrexato, saquinavir, nevirapina, propiltiouracilo, metimazol, carbimazol, nitrofurantoína, ácido acetilsalicílico y piperidolato) con probabilidad de causar hepatotoxicidad en el embarazo. Algunas características asociadas con los fármacos fueron: tiempo de aparición de las reacciones, semanas de embarazo (3-36), factores de riesgo (edad y enfermedades crónicas), manifestaciones clínicas (elevación de transaminasas, prurito, ictericia) y desenlaces (trasplante de hígado, muertes materna y fetal).Conclusión: los medicamentos acetaminofeno, alfametildopa, labetalol, metotrexato, saquinavir, nevirapina, propiltiouracilo, metimazol, carbimazol, nitrofurantoína, ácido acetilsalicílico y piperidolato podrían causar hepatotoxicidad en pacientes embarazadas. Además de la dosis y del tiempo de exposición al fármaco, la edad y el tiempo de gestación podrían influir en la presentación y gravedad de la hepatotoxicidad.
Update on the use of cyclooxygenase-2-selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in horses
Authors: Ziegler Amanda , Fogle Callie , Blikslager Anthony 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs work through inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) and are highly effective for the treatment of pain and inflammation in horses. There are 2 clinically relevant isoforms of COX. Cyclooxygenase-1 is constitutively expressed and is considered important for a variety of physiologic functions, including gastrointestinal homeostasis. Thus, NSAIDs that selectively inhibit COX-2 while sparing COX-1 may be associated with a lower incidence of adverse gastrointestinal effects. Various formulations of firocoxib, a COX-2-selective NSAID, labeled for use in horses are available in the United States. Equine practitioners should know that the FDA limits the use of firocoxib to formulations labeled for horses, regardless of price concerns. In addition, practitioners will benefit from understanding the nuances of firocoxib administration, including the importance of correct dosing and the contraindications of combining NSAIDs. Together with knowledge of the potential advantages of COX-2 selectivity, these considerations will help veterinarians select and treat patients that could benefit from this new class of NSAID.
Analisis Kadar Asam Sianida dalam Solanum melongena L dan Solanum quitoense L Sebelum dan Sesudah Perebusan
Authors: Gama Sabaniah Indjar , Alimuddin Alimuddin , Marliana Eva 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Analysis cyanide acid in Solanum melongena and Solanum quitoense L before and after boiling. Cyanide acid is esthabushed by argonometricm method (Volhard) with three times repetition, for each kinds of eggplants Solanum melongena L dan Solanum quitoense L. The research showed have endireated that before boiling the content of cyanide acid Solanum melongena L (Craigi eggplant 71,712 mg/kg, kopek eggplant 46,310 mg/kg, gelatik eggplant 0 mg/kg) and Solanum quitoense L (asam eggplant 30,434 mg/kg) after boiling, the cyanide acid to slop Solanum melongena (Craigi eggplant 19,321 mg/kg, kopek eggplant 6.620 mg/kg, gelatik eggplant 0 mg/kg and Solanum quitoense L (asam eggplant 3.445 mg/kg). There is significant content have been reduced of cyanide acid in Solanum melongena L dan Solanum quitoense L

Keywords: Solanum melongena dan Solanum quitoense L, Cyanide acid

ABSTRAK

Telah dilakukan analisis asam sianida dalam Solanum melongena dan Solanum quitoense L sebelum dan sesudah perebusan menggunakan metode Volhard dengan tiga kali pengulangan. Data hasil penelitian menunjukkan kandungan asam sianida sebelum perebusan Solanum melongena (terong Craigi 71,712 mg/kg, terong kopek 46,310 mg/kg, terong gelatik 0 mg/kg) dan Solanum quitoense L (terong asam 30,434 mg/kg) sedangkan setelah dilakukan perebusan (terong Craigi 19,321 mg/kg, terong kopek 6.620 mg/kg, terong gelatik 0 mg/kg) and Solanum quitoense L (terong asam 3.445 mg/kg). Terdapat perbedaan kandungan penting yang dapat mengurangi kadar asam sianida dalam Solanum melongena L dan Solanum quitoense L.

Kata kunci: Solanum melongena dan Solanum quitoense L, Asam Sianida
Potensi Antibakteri Ekstrak Diethyl Ether Daun Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl) terhadap Bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Ibrahim Arsyik , Rusli Rusli 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
This study aims to test the antibacterial potential of diethyl ether extract of mahkota dewa leaves (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl) with the test method Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Kill Concentration (MBC) against the microbe, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The test materials were obtained by maceration of leaves with methanol, followed by partition using diethyl ether and nâ€“butanol, each extract was tested its activity with solid dilution method. Solid dilution test results showed the active extract is extract of diethyl ether. Active extracts were further tested by using MIC and MBC. Value of MIC and MBC is determined by the most active and liquid dilution method followed by scratches on solid media. The results show that diethyl ether extract of mahkota dewa leaves (Phaleria macrocarpa [Scheff] Boerl.) Has the potential antibacterial against bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MIC value of 0.025%, and the value of MBC, respectively - each is 0.4% for the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, and 0.1% for the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Keywords: Mahkota dewa folium, Antibacterials, Potential, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Kill Concentration (MBC)

ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji potensi antibakteri ekstrak dietil eter daun mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl) dengan metode pengujian Kadar Hambat Minimal (KHM) dan Kadar Bunuh Minimal (KBM) terhadap mikroba Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Staphylococcus aureus. Bahan uji diperoleh dengan maserasi daun dengan metanol, dilanjutkan dengan partisi menggunakan dietil eter dan nâ€“butanol, masing-masing ekstrak diuji aktivitasnya dengan metode dilusi padat. Hasil pengujian dilusi padat menunjukkan ekstrak aktif adalah ekstrak dietil eter. Ekstrak aktif selanjutnya diuji dengan metode KHM dan KBM. Nilai KHM dan KBM teraktif ditentukan dengan metode dilusi cair dan dilanjutkan dengan goresan pada media padat. Hasil pengujian menunujukkan bahwa ekstrak dietil eter daun mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa [Scheff] Boerl.) memiliki potensi antibakteri terhadap bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Staphylococcus aureus dengan nilai KHM 0,025%, dan nilai KBM masingâ€“masing adalah 0,1 % untuk bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan 0,4 % untuk bakteri Staphylococcus aureus.

Kata Kunci: Daun mahkota dewa, Antibakteri, Potensi, Kadar Hambat Minimum (KHM) dan Kadar Bunuh Minimum (KBM)
Analisis Kuantitatif Neodimium, Praseodimium, Cerium, dan Lantanum dalam Monasit dengan KCKT Pertukaran Ion
Authors: Herman Herman , Bahti Husein H. , Agma Muljadji 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
Neodymium, Praseodymium, Cerium, and Lanthanum are rare earth elements with considerably high concentration in monazite and xenotime. Samples used in this research are monazite sands from PT Timah Bangka and obtained from Dowa Mining product. The determination and separation of these rare earth elements carried out with ion exchange HPLC method using ion exchanger column Supelcosil LC-SCX with column length 25 cm, diameter 4.6 mm and particle size 5 mm, and using conductometer detector of Waters 432 type. The optimum condition for these rare earth elements were: using ethylendiamin solution of 1.50 mM, and tatrate acid 2.00 mM as moving phase and complexing agent at pH 4.5 with flow rate 0.8 mL per minute and sample volume 10 mL. Research results showed that ion exchange HPLC method can be used to separate and to determinate the concentration of Neodymium, Praseodymium, Cerium, and Lanthanum. Chromatograms obtained of these four of rare earth elements were well separated. This was showed from their resolutions (R) which range from 2 to 4 at concentration 100 ppm for Neodymium, Praseodymium, Cerium, and Lanthanum with retention time 9.66, 10.87, 13.42, 16.29 minutes respectively. The concentration of Neodymium, praseodymium, cerium, and lanthanum in monazite (w/w) were 4.580Â±0.003, 7.860Â±0.002, 4.200Â±0.003, 4.160Â±0.005% respectively.

Key Words: Neodymium, Praseodymium, Cerium, Lanthanum, Monasit, HPLC

ABSTRAK
Neodimium, Praseodimium, Serium, dan Lantanum merupakan unsur tanah jarang dengan kadar tinggi yang terdapat dalam monasit dan senotim. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pasir monasit dari PT Timah Bangka yang diperoleh melalui hasil Dowa Mining. Penentuan dan pemisahan unsur tanah jarang ini dilakukan dengan metode KCKT pertukaran ion menggunakan kolom penukar ion Supelcosil LC-SCX panjang kolom 25 cm, diameter 4,6 mm, dan ukuran partikel 5 Âµm dengan menggunakan detektor konduktometer jenis Waters 432. Kondisi optimum pemisahan unsur tanah jarang: menggunakan larutan etilendiamin 1,50 mM dan asam tartrat 2,00 mM sebagai fasa gerak dan pengompleks pada pH 4,5 dengan kecepatan alir 0,8 mL/menit dan volume sampel 10 ÂµL. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode KCKT pertukaran ion dapat digunakan untuk memisahkan dan menentukan kandungan Neodimium, Praseodimium, Serium, dan Lantanum. Kromatogram campuran dari keempat unsur tanah jarang yang diperoleh dapat terpisah dengan baik, hal ini dapat dilihat dari resolusinya (R) berkisar 2 sampai 4 pada konsentrasi 100 ppm untuk Neodimium, Praseodimium, Serium, dan Lantanum dengan waktu retensi berturut-turut 9,66; 10,87; 13,42; 16,29 menit. Kandungan Neodimium, Praseodimium, Serium, dan Lantanum dalam monasit (b/b) berturut turut yaitu: 4,580Â±0,003; 7,860Â±0,002; 4,200Â±0,003; 4,160Â±0.005 %, dengan batas deteksi berturut-turut yaitu: 261, 386, 424, 334 ng.
Kata Kunci: Neodimium, Praseodimium, Serium, Lantanum, Monasit, KCKT
Pengaruh Akasia sebagai Bahan Pengikat terhadap Mutu Fisik Tablet Hisap Ekstrak Teh Hijau (Camellia sinensis)
Authors: Ameliana Lidya , Wazni Fitri 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Formulation of green tea extract lozenges (Camellia sinensis) have been studied, the lozenges were made by direct compressing method. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of acacia as binding agent to the physical characteristic of the tablets. Fillers were combined using wet granulation with acacia with concentration of 1%, 2%, and 3% respectively. Furthermore, the filler granuls mixed with green tea extract. Physical characteristic of granul including flow rate, angle of repose, particle size distribution, bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index, and moisture content. Then the extract granuls were pressed into tablet on a hydraulic press with diameter 16,71 mm and pressure of 4 ton, and physical characteristic of lozenges were examined. Evaluation on the green tea extract lozenges result including tablet size, tablet weight, hardness, friability, and dissolving time. The result of those evaluations showed that green tea extract lozenges fulfilled the requirement of tablet physical characteristics. The result showed that the increase of acacia concentration will increase hardness and prolonged dissolving time but the increase of acacia concentration will decrease the friability of lozenges.

Keywords : green tea extract, lozenges, acacia, physical characteristic, direct compression.

ABSTRAK

Telah dilakukan formulasi tablet hisap ekstrak teh hijau (Camellia sinensis), dengan metode cetak langsung. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan bahan pengikat akasia 1%, 2%, dan 3 % terhadap mutu fisik tablet hisap ekstrak teh hijau. Bahan pengisi dan bahan pengikat dikombinasikan dengan menggunakan granulasi basah dengan akasia sebagai bahan pengikat. Selanjutnya granul bahan pengisi tersebut dicampurkan dengan ekstrak teh hijau. Karakteristik fisik granul yang diuji meliputi laju alir, sudut istirahat, distribusi ukuran partikel, berat jenis nyata, berat jenis mampat, kompresibilitas, dan kandungan kelembaban. Setelah memeriksa karakteristik fisik campuran granul, kemudian dikompres menjadi tablet dengan diameter 16,71 mm dan tekanan 4 ton. Evaluasi pada ekstrak teh hijau meliputi ukuran tablet, massa tablet, kekerasan, kerapuhan, dan waktu larut. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa tablet hisap ekstrak teh hijau memenuhi persyaratan karakteristik tablet fisik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan akasia akan meningkatkan kekerasan dan waktu melarut, namun akan mengurangi kerapuhan tablet hisap.

Kata kunci : ekstrak teh hijau, tablet hisap, akasia, karakteristik fisik, cetak langsung.
A PEDAGOGIA EXPERIMENTAL E A FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES (1950-1970): ANÁLISE DE DUAS EXPERIÊNCIAS DIDÁTICAS INCOMUNS
Authors: Santos Pablo Silva Machado Bispo dos , Lima Cecilia Neves 
Published: May 2017

O presente artigo tem como objetivo principal apresentar e analisar a experiência didática desenvolvida em duas instituições escolares brasileiras de destaque nos anos de 1950-1970: O Colégio Nova Friburgo e a Escola Guatemala. Para tanto, foram analisados documentos institucionais diversos e publicações sobre tais instituições. A perspectiva metodológica empregada foi a da História Cultural, que se caracteriza entre outras coisas, por relativizar o caráter de verdade absoluta contida em um documento, bem como em ampliar o conceito de fonte documental abarcando as dimensões culturais e políticas de sua produção. Ao fim do estudo, foi possível identificar dois elementos-chave: a) o papel da iniciativa privada na capacitação de professores em redes públicas de ensino; b) a emergência de um padrão de formação de professores baseado na noção de experiência educacional, o qual destinar-se-ia a multiplicar-se por todo o País por intermédio do Ministério da Educação e das redes de ensino.
Millisecond Magnetar Birth Connects FRB 121102 to Superluminous Supernovae and Long-duration Gamma-Ray Bursts
Authors: Metzger Brian D. , Berger Edo , Margalit Ben 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Subarcsecond localization of the repeating fast radio burst FRB 121102 revealed its coincidence with a dwarf host galaxy and a steady (“quiescent”) nonthermal radio source. We show that the properties of the host galaxy are consistent with those of long-duration gamma-ray bursts (LGRB) and hydrogen-poor superluminous supernovae (SLSNe-I). Both LGRBs and SLSNe-I were previously hypothesized to be powered by the electromagnetic spin-down of newly formed, strongly magnetized neutron stars with millisecond birth rotation periods (“millisecond magnetars”). This motivates considering a scenario whereby the repeated bursts from FRB 121102 originate from a young magnetar remnant embedded within a young hydrogen-poor supernova (SN) remnant. Requirements on the gigahertz free–free optical depth through the expanding SN ejecta (accounting for photoionization by the rotationally powered magnetar nebula), energetic constraints on the bursts, and constraints on the size of the quiescent source all point to an age of less than a few decades. The quiescent radio source can be attributed to synchrotron emission from the shock interaction between the fast outer layer of the supernova ejecta with the surrounding wind of the progenitor star, or the radio source can from deeper within the magnetar wind nebula as outlined in Metzger et al. Alternatively, the radio emission could be an orphan afterglow from an initially off-axis LGRB jet, though this might require the source to be too young. The young age of the source can be tested by searching for a time derivative of the dispersion measure and the predicted fading of the quiescent radio source. We propose future tests of the SLSNe-I/LGRB/FRB connection, such as searches for FRBs from nearby SLSNe-I/LGRBs on timescales of decades after their explosions.
Fluorescent H2 Emission Lines from the Reflection Nebula NGC 7023 Observed with IGRINS
Authors: Le Huynh Anh N. , Pak Soojong , Kaplan Kyle , Mace Gregory , Lee Sungho , Pavel Michael , Jeong Ueejeong , Oh Heeyoung , Lee Hye-In , Chun Moo-Young , Yuk In-Soo , Pyo Tae-Soo , Hwang Narae , Kim Kang-Min , Park Chan , Oh Jae Sok , Yu Young Sam , Park Byeong-Gon , Minh Young Chol , Jaffe Daniel T. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
We have analyzed the temperature, velocity, and density of H2 gas in NGC 7023 with a high-resolution near-infrared spectrum of the northwestern filament of the reflection nebula. By observing NGC 7023 in the H and K bands at R ≃ 45,000 with the Immersion GRating INfrared Spectrograph, we detected 68 H2 emission lines within the 1″ × 15″ slit. The diagnostic ratio of 2-1 S(1)/1-0 S(1) is 0.41−0.56. In addition, the estimated ortho-to-para ratio (OPR) is 1.63−1.82, indicating that the H2 emission transitions in the observed region arise mostly from gas excited by UV fluorescence. Gradients in the temperature, velocity, and OPR within the observed area imply motion of the photodissociation region (PDR) relative to the molecular cloud. In addition, we derive the column density of H2 from the observed emission lines and compare these results with PDR models in the literature covering a range of densities and incident UV field intensities. The notable difference between PDR model predictions and the observed data, in high rotational J levels of ν = 1, is that the predicted formation temperature for newly formed H2 should be lower than that of the model predictions. To investigate the density distribution, we combine pixels in 1″ × 1″ areas and derive the density distribution at the 0.002 pc scale. The derived gradient of density suggests that NGC 7023 has a clumpy structure, including a high clump density of ∼105 cm−3 with a size smaller than ∼5 × 10−3 pc embedded in lower-density regions of 103–104 cm−3.
Applications of the k–ω Model in Stellar Evolutionary Models
Authors: Li Yan 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The k–ω model for turbulence was first proposed by Kolmogorov. A new k–ω model for stellar convection was developed by Li, which could reasonably describe turbulent convection not only in the convectively unstable zone, but also in the overshooting regions. We revised the k–ω model by improving several model assumptions (including the macro-length of turbulence, convective heat flux, and turbulent mixing diffusivity, etc.), making it applicable not only for convective envelopes, but also for convective cores. Eight parameters are introduced in the revised k–ω model. It should be noted that the Reynolds stress (turbulent pressure) is neglected in the equation of hydrostatic support. We applied it into solar models and 5 M
⊙ stellar models to calibrate the eight model parameters, as well as to investigate the effects of the convective overshooting on the Sun and intermediate mass stellar models.
Shock Dynamics in Stellar Outbursts. I. Shock Formation
Authors: Ro Stephen , Matzner Christopher D. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Wave-driven outflows and non-disruptive explosions have been implicated in pre-supernova outbursts, supernova impostors, luminous blue variable eruptions, and some narrow-line and superluminous supernovae. To model these events, we investigate the dynamics of stars set in motion by strong acoustic pulses and wave trains, focusing on nonlinear wave propagation, shock formation, and an early phase of the development of a weak shock. We identify the shock formation radius, showing that a heuristic estimate based on crossing characteristics matches an exact expansion around the wave front and verifying both with numerical experiments. Our general analytical condition for shock formation applies to one-dimensional motions within any static environment, including both eruptions and implosions. We also consider the early phase of shock energy dissipation. We find that waves of super-Eddington acoustic luminosity always create shocks, rather than damping by radiative diffusion. Therefore, shock formation is integral to super-Eddington outbursts.
The Galaxy–Halo Connection in High-redshift Universe: Details and Evolution of Stellar-to-halo Mass Ratios of Lyman Break Galaxies on CFHTLS Deep Fields
Authors: Ishikawa Shogo , Kashikawa Nobunari , Toshikawa Jun , Tanaka Masayuki , Hamana Takashi , Niino Yuu , Ichikawa Kohei , Uchiyama Hisakazu 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
We present the results of clustering analyses of Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) at

, 4, and 5 using the final data release of the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey (CFHTLS). Deep- and wide-field images of the CFHTLS Deep Survey enable us to obtain sufficiently accurate two-point angular correlation functions to apply a halo occupation distribution analysis. The mean halo masses, calculated as

, increase with the stellar-mass limit of LBGs. The threshold halo mass to have a central galaxy,

follows the same increasing trend as the low-z results, whereas the threshold halo mass to have a satellite galaxy, M
1, shows higher values at

than

, over the entire stellar mass range. Satellite fractions of dropout galaxies, even at less massive halos, are found to drop sharply, from z = 2 down to less than 0.04, at

. These results suggest that satellite galaxies form inefficiently within dark halos at

, even for less massive satellites with

. We compute stellar-to-halo mass ratios (SHMRs) assuming a main sequence of galaxies, which is found to provide SHMRs consistent with those derived from a spectral energy distribution fitting method. The observed SHMRs are in good agreement with model predictions based on the abundance-matching method, within

confidence intervals. We derive observationally, for the first time,

, which is the halo mass at a peak in the star-formation efficiency, at

, and it shows a small increasing trend with cosmic time at

. In addition,

and its normalization are found to be almost unchanged during

. Our study provides observational evidence that galaxy formation is ubiquitously most efficient near a halo mass of

over cosmic time.