bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repercussões das politicas educacionais na organização escolar: o fator tempo entre a autonomia e a regulação
Authors: Botler Alice Miriam Happ 
Published: August 2016

O artigo aborda o conflto existente entre as políticas educacionais e sua implementação nas escolas, haja vista a contradição entre a autonomia outorgada e a regulação. Considera que a escola é uma organização formal, instituída e instituinte, e desenvolve comportamento organizacional e valorativo que revela seu projeto político-pedagógico com racionalidade própria. O estudo de caso de tipo etnográfio numa escola pública auxilia a entender como esta contradição emerge na prática. Observa-se que a falta de tempo para o diálogo opõe-se aos objetivos das metas educacionais, o que limita mas não elimina o potencial crítico-argumentativo necessário à sua auto-proposição e auto-regulação.
Financiamento da educação e indicadores de qualidade: um estudo exploratório de seis municípios brasileiros
Authors: Gouveia Andréa Barbosa , Polena Andrea 
Published: August 2016

Este trabalho refere-se a resultado parcial da pesquisa Qualidade no ensino fundamental: uma leitura das condições de efetividade dos sistemas estaduais e municipais de ensino a partir de indicadores de financiamento, condições de oferta e resultados escolares, financiada pela CAPES/INEP/Observatório da educação. O trabalho objetiva articular indicadores de desenvolvimento econômico e de desenvolvimento social e indicadores educacionais para problematizar as condições de qualidade de oferta educacional em seis municípios brasileiros localizados em três estados: Aracaju e Ilha das Flores, em Sergipe; Belo Horizonte e Cataguases, em Minas Gerais; Curitiba e Marmeleiro, no Paraná. Para analisar as condições de qualidade de ensino nas redes, utilizou-se o indicador Índice de Condições de Qualidade (ICQ) gerado a partir dos questionários de contexto da Prova Brasil. Os resultados evidenciam um cenário de crescimento dos recursos nos municípios, com reflexo no crescimento dos gastos por aluno ano; também evidenciam a manutenção de desigualdades de capacidade de investimento, que, contraditoriamente, não podem ser flagradas exclusivamente no movimento do ICQ.
Efeitos colaterais da meritocracia na educação: a rede municipal de educação de Foz do Iguaçu e o IDEB
Authors: Benitez Silvio , Souza Silvana Aparecida de 
Published: August 2016

O objetivo deste texto é fazer uma reflexão sobre os efeitos colaterais da implantação da meritocracia nas escolas municipais de Foz do Iguaçu. Como fonte utilizou-se o conteúdo de matérias jornalísticas publicadas na imprensa local, assim como os relatórios de uma Comissão Especial do IDEB criada pela Câmara Municipal. Conclui-se que as categorias delimitadas pela análise de Ravitch se fazem presentes também em Foz do Iguaçu, demonstrando que os sistemas de avaliação de larga escala provocam efeitos similares aos estudos da autora.
A fuga de cérebros em Portugal: hipóteses explicativas
Authors: Cerdeira Luísa , Cabrito Belmiro , Taylor Maria De Lourdes Machado , Gomes Rui 
Published: August 2016

Neste artigo apresenta-se uma investigação em curso em Portugal sobre a emigração de portugueses altamente qualificados na última década. Nesse estudo, pioneiro em Portugal analisa-se: 1) quais são as modalidades e as características da fuga de cérebros em Portugal? 2) Quais as formas de articulação entre as diferentes modalidades do êxodo de competências português e o processo das migrações internacionais? 3) Quais as formas de articulação entre a fuga de cérebros e o crescente fluxo de mobilidade académica? 4) Quais são as principais causas do brain drain em Portugal na última década.
A consolidação do regime de cooperação e a criação de um sistema nacional de educação: da atualidade do manifesto dos pioneiros de 1932 ao novo plano nacional de educação
Authors: Cunha Célio Da , Limeira Luciana Cordeiro 
Published: August 2016

A garantia e a efetivação do direito à educação, a organização de um Sistema Nacional de Educação e a criação de fundos para seu financiamento são temas muito recorrentes na análise contemporânea de políticas públicas. No entanto, tais temáticas já constavam no documento intitulado Manifesto dos Pioneiros da Educação Nova de 1932. Com a Constituição Cidadã de 1988, o regime de cooperação foi instituído para garantir a distribuição de recursos financeiros aos entes federados como também entre eles, e, assim, efetivar direitos sociais. Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar algumas reflexões acerca da consolidação do regime de cooperação e sua repercussão no levantamento e no uso dos fundos contábeis para a educação e para a plena realização do Plano Nacional de Educação (PNE).
Currículo e avaliação: os testes estandardizados
Authors: Guimarães Edilene Rocha , Morgado José Carlos 
Published: August 2016

O trabalho realiza um estudo comparado entre o ensino secundário em Portugal e o ensino médio no Brasil. Com metodologia qualitativa e o recurso à análise documental, objetiva-se analisar a relação entre currículo e avaliação, para compreender como os testes estandardizados têm conformado o currículo. Nos resultados averiguamos se os exames nacionais, organizados na base de lógicas de estandardização e uniformização e cuja regulação obedece a uma agenda globalizada, contribuem para estreitar o currículo nacional do ensino secundário/médio, confinando-o a uma lista de conteúdos e competências.
Quality evaluation of yoghurt stabilized with sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and taro (Colocassia esculenta) starch
Authors: Sameen Aysha , Khan Muhammad Issa , Sattar Muhammad Umair , Javid Asma , Ayub Aimen 
Published: August 2016

Stabilizers are important component in manufactured products such as yoghurt. The addition of stabilizers improves body, texture, appearance, mouth feel and prevents technical defects such as synersis in yoghurts. In this study starch was extracted from plant sources (sweet potato, taro) with and without use of chemicals. Yoghurt was enriched with different levels of extracted starch. Yoghurt samples were analyzed for physicochemical and functional attributes such as pH, acidity, synersis, water holding capacity, viscosity, total solids and sensory profile. Use of chemically extracted starches at the level of 0.3-0.4% (Sweet potato) and 0.2-0.3% (Taro) in yoghurt manufacturing showed better results in terms of lowering synersis, increasing water holding capacity, viscosity and overall acceptability as compared to the yoghurt containing stabilizer i.e. gelatin 0.5% w/w. Use of starches did not significantly affect the sensory attributes. Yoghurt that contains sweet potato and taro starch at 0.5% gave excellent results for water holding capacity, viscosity and for all sensory attributes as compared to gelatin
Prevalence of Barriers and Facilitators to Enhancing Conservative Kidney Management for Older Adults in the Primary Care Setting
Authors: Tam-Tham Helen , King-Shier Kathryn M. , Thomas Chandra M. , Quinn Robert R. , Fruetel Karen , Davison Sara N. , Hemmelgarn Brenda R. 
Published: August 2016

Background and objectives
Conservative management of adults with stage 5 CKD (eGFR<15 ml/min per 1.73 m2) is increasingly being provided in the primary care setting. We aimed to examine perceived barriers and facilitators for conservative management of older adults by primary care physicians.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
In 2015, we conducted a cross–sectional, population–based survey of all primary care physicians in Alberta, Canada. Eligible participants had experience caring for adults ages ≥75 years old with stage 5 CKD not planning on initiating dialysis. Questionnaire items were on the basis of a qualitative descriptive study informed by the Behavior Change Wheel and tested for face and content validity. Physicians were contacted via postal mail and/or fax on the basis of a modified Dillman method.

Results
Four hundred nine eligible primary care physicians completed the questionnaire (9.6% response rate). The majority of respondents were men (61.6%), were ages 40–60 years old (62.6%), and practiced in a large/medium population center (68.0%). The most common barrier to providing conservative care in the primary care setting was the inability to access support to maintain patients in the home setting (39.1% of respondents; 95% confidence interval, 34.6% to 43.6%). The second most common barrier was working with nonphysician providers with limited kidney–specific clinical expertise (32.3%; 95% confidence interval, 28.0% to 36.7%). Primary care physicians indicated that the two most common strategies that would enhance their ability to provide conservative management would be the ability to use the telephone to contact a nephrologist or clinical staff from the conservative care clinic (86.9%; 95% confidence interval, 83.7% to 90.0% and 85.6%; 95% confidence interval, 82.4% to 88.9%, respectively).

Conclusions
We identified important areas to inform clinical programs to reduce barriers and enhance facilitators to improve primary care physicians’ provision of conservative kidney care. In particular, primary care physicians require additional resources for maintaining patients in their home and telephone access to nephrologists and conservative care specialists.
Barriers to Social Participation in Caregivers of Older People: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pinto Juliana Martins 
Published: August 2016

<p><em>Some aspects of care contribute for decreased quality of life, health status and well-being among caregivers of older people. Care conditions may affect caregivers’ social participation increasing the odds of those negative outcomes. Then, to maintain a high level of social engagement configures a strategy to protect caregivers against burden and allow them to provide a better care. This study aimed at investigates what are the barriers to social participation in caregivers of older people. A systematic review of the literature was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO and Abstracts in Social Gerontology databases, using social participation, social involvement, social engagement, social activities, social relations, elderly, aged, aging, older people, seniors and caregivers as terms. Twenty-three articles fit the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The barriers to social participation were: characteristics and tasks related to care, caregiver’s mental health, low social support, sex, care receiver’s health, concurrent paid work, age, caregiver’s physical health, financial situation, education and quality of life. Those barriers need to be approached by professionals and politicians in order to prevent social isolation and promote better quality of life among caregivers.</em></p>
Global Estimates on the Number of People Blind or Visually Impaired by Diabetic Retinopathy: A Meta-analysis From 1990 to 2010
Authors: Leasher Janet L. , Bourne Rupert R.A. , Flaxman Seth R. , Jonas Jost B. , Keeffe Jill , Naidoo Kovin , Pesudovs Konrad , Price Holly , White Richard A. , Wong Tien Y. , Resnikoff Serge , Taylor Hugh R. ,   on behalf of the Vision Loss Expert Group of the Global Burden of Disease Study
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVE
To estimate global and regional trends from 1990 to 2010 of the prevalence and number of persons visually impaired specifically by diabetic retinopathy (DR), as a complication of the precipitous trends in global diabetes, is fundamental for health planning purposes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The meta-analysis of published population studies from 1990 to 2012 for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 (GBD) yielded estimated global regional trends in DR among other causes of moderate and severe vision impairment (MSVI; presenting visual acuity &lt;6/18, ≥3/60) and blindness (presenting visual acuity &lt;3/60).

RESULTS
Globally in 2010, out of overall 32.4 million blind and 191 million visually impaired people, 0.8 million were blind and 3.7 million were visually impaired because of DR, with an alarming increase of 27% and 64%, respectively, spanning the two decades from 1990 to 2010. DR accounted for 2.6% of all blindness in 2010 and 1.9% of all MSVI worldwide, increasing from 2.1% and 1.3%, respectively, in 1990. These figures were lower in regions with younger populations (&lt;2% in East and Southeast Asia and Oceania) than in high-income regions (North America, Western Europe, and Australasia) with relatively aging populations (&gt;4%).

CONCLUSIONS
The number of persons with visual impairment due to DR worldwide is rising and represents an increasing proportion of all blindness/MSVI causes. Age-standardized prevalence of DR-related blindness/MSVI was higher in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. One out of 39 blind people had blindness due to DR, and 1 out of 52 visually impaired people had visual impairment due to DR.
Monte-Carlo code calculation of 3D reactor core model with usage of burnt fuel isotopic compositions, obtained by engineering codes
Authors: Aleshin S. S. , Gorodkov S. S. , Shcherenko A. I. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
A burn-up calculation of large systems by Monte-Carlo code (MCU) is complex process and it requires large computational costs. Previously prepared isotopic compositions are proposed to be used for the Monte-Carlo code calculations of different system states with burnt fuel. Isotopic compositions are calculated by an approximation method. The approximation method is based on usage of a spectral functionality and reference isotopic compositions, that are calculated by the engineering codes (TVS-M, BIPR-7A and PERMAK-A). The multiplication factors and power distributions of FAs from a 3-D reactor core are calculated in this work by the Monte-Carlo code MCU using earlier prepared isotopic compositions. The separate conditions of the burnt core are observed. The results of MCU calculations were compared with those that were obtained by engineering codes.
Aspects of using a best-estimate approach for VVER safety analysis in reactivity initiated accidents
Authors: Ovdiienko I. , Bilodid Y. , Ieremenko M. , Lötsch T. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
At present time, Ukraine faces the problem of small margins of acceptance criteria in connection with the implementation of a conservative approach for safety evaluations. The problem is particularly topical conducting feasibility analysis of power up-rating for Ukrainian nuclear power plants. Such situation requires the implementation of a best-estimate approach on the basis of an uncertainty analysis. For some kind of accidents, such as loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA), the best estimate approach is, more or less, developed and established. However, for reactivity initiated accident (RIA) analysis an application of best estimate method could be problematical. A regulatory document in Ukraine defines a nomenclature of neutronics calculations and so called “generic safety parameters” which should be used as boundary conditions for all VVER-1000 (V-320) reactors in RIA analysis. In this paper the ideas of uncertainty evaluations of generic safety parameters in RIA analysis in connection with the use of the 3D neutron kinetic code DYN3D and the GRS SUSA approach are presented.
New models in VERONA 7.0 system
Authors: Pós István , Kálya Zoltán , Parkó Tamás , Patai-Szabó Sándor 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Nowadays the installation of a new modernized VERONA core monitoring system (version V7.0) is in process at the NPP Paks. The most important steps of the current improvements are as follows: complete replacement of the hardware and the local area network; application of a new operating system and “virtual machine” (VM) technology; implementation of a new human-system interface; and last but not least, introduction of improved reactor physics calculations. Basic novelty of the modernized core analysis is the application of general purpose graphical processing units (GPGPU) in the on-line core-follow module. This new technology has allowed of performing the real-time node-wise core analysis by standard Paks NPP core design codes HELIOS/C-PORCA. The present paper gives a brief overview of the system version (V7.0), focusing to the models of reactor physics and results of validation. Main characteristics of new approaches of the modified on-line reactor physics calculations are also described.
Neutronic analysis of absorbing materials for the control rod system in reactor ALLEGRO
Authors: Čajko F. , Sečanský M. , Chrebet T. , Zajac R. , Dařílek P. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Experimental reactor ALLEGRO is a gas cooled fast reactor in the design stage. The current design of its reactivity control system is based on control rods filled with boron carbide as the absorber. Because of disadvantages connected to high boron enrichment a possibility of using other absorbent materials was explored to lower the boron enrichment and increase the worth of the control rods. The results of neutronic Monte-Carlo analyses in a computational supercell are presented in this paper. Three absorbent materials most suitable for a use in reactor ALLEGRO (B4C, EuB6 and ReB2) have been analysed also in a full core model. A possible benefit of a neutron trap concept is explored as well but materials with satisfactory neutronic properties proved to be not suitable for expected high temperatures in the reactor.
Methodology for determining of the weighted mean coolant temperature in the primary circuit hot legs of WWER-1000 reactor plants
Authors: Saunin Yu. V. , Dobrotvorski A. N. , Semenikhin A. V. , Ryasny S. I. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
At WWER-1000 NPPs, as well as at PWR NPPs, there is a problem of determining the correct weighted mean coolant temperature in the primary circuit hot legs based on the measuring channels information. The problem is caused by the coolant temperature stratification. The technical documentation for engineering support and maintenance of I&C systems does not provide any regulatory guidelines to consider this effect. Therefore, it is very important to represent a new methodology for determining the weighted mean coolant temperature in the primary circuit hot legs of the WWER-1000 reactor plants. The given paper presents the basic preconditions and approaches applied during the methodology development. They were worked out on the basis of the executed numerical and experimental research taking into account the analysis of the extensive material obtained by the authors from full-scale tests during the commissioning of WWER-1000 power units, as well as operational data obtained from several power units with different fuel loadings.
Uncertainties of the KIKO3D-ATHLET calculations using the Kalinin-3 benchmark (Phase II) data
Authors: Panka I. , Hegyi Gy. , Maráczy Cs. , Keresztúri A. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The best estimate simulation of three-dimensional phenomena in nuclear reactor cores requires the use of coupled neutron physics and thermal-hydraulics calculations. However these analyses should be supplemented by the survey of the corresponding uncertainties. In this paper the uncertainties of the coupled KIKO3D-ATHLET calculations are presented for a VVER-1000 type core using the OECD NEA Kalinin-3 (Phase II) benchmark data, although only the neutronic uncertainties are considered and further simplifications are applied and discussed. Additionally, this study has been performed in the conjunction with the OECD NEA UAM benchmark, as well. In the first part of the paper, the uncertainties of the effective multiplication factor, the assembly-wise radial power distribution, the axial power distribution, the rod worth, etc. are presented at steady-state. After that some uncertainties of the transient calculations are discussed for the considered switch-off of one Main Circulation Pump (MCP) type transient.
Xenon instability study of large core Monte Carlo calculations
Authors: Bogdanova E. V. , Gorodkov S. S. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
One of the goals of neutronic calculations of large cores may be self-consistent distribution of equilibrium xenon through the reactor core. In deterministic calculations such self consistency is relatively simply achieved with the help of additional outer iterations by xenon, which can increase several times solution run time. But in stochastic calculation of large cores such increase is utterly undesirable, since even without these outer iterations it demands modeling of billion of histories, which in case of complicated large core may take about a day of 100 processors work. In addition the unavoidable statistical uncertainty here plays role of transient process, which excites xenon oscillations. In this work the rise of such oscillations and the way of their overcoming with the help of hybrid stochastic/deterministic calculation is studied. It is proposed to make at first single static Monte Carlo calculation of given core and to receive multi-group mesh cell characteristics for future use in operative code. This one will evaluate xenon distribution through the core, which will be equilibrium for deterministic solution and substantially close to equilibrium Monte Carlo solution, paid with enormous computing cost.
Economical aspects of multiple plutonium and uranium recycling in VVER reactors
Authors: Alekseev P. N. , Bobrov E. A. , Dudnikov A. A. , Teplov P. S. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The basic strategy of Russian Nuclear Energy development is the formation of the closed fuel cycle based on fast breeder and thermal reactors, as well as the solution of problems of spent nuclear fuel accumulation and availability of resources. Three options of multiple Pu and U recycling in VVER reactors are considered in this work. Comparison of MOX and REMIX fuel recycling approaches for the closed fuel cycle involving thermal reactors is presented. REMIX fuel is supposed to be fabricated from non-separated mixture of uranium and plutonium obtained in spent fuel reprocessing with further makeup by enriched U. These options make it possible to recycle several times the total amount of Pu and U obtained from spent fuel. The main difference is the full or partial fuel loading of the core by assemblies with recycled Pu. The third option presents the concept of heterogeneous arrangement of fuel pins made of enriched uranium and MOX in one fuel assembly. It should be noted that fabrication of all fuel assemblies with Pu requires the use of expensive manufacturing technology. These three options of core loading can be balanced with respect to maximum Pu and U involvement in the fuel cycle. Various physical and economical aspects of Pu and U multiple recycling for selected options are considered in this work.
Uncertainty analysis and flow measurements in an experimental mock-up of a molten salt reactor concept
Authors: Yamaji B. , Aszódi A. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
In the paper measurement results from the experimental modelling of a molten salt reactor concept will be presented along with detailed uncertainty analysis of the experimental system. Non-intrusive flow measurements are carried out on the scaled and segmented mock-up of a homogeneous, single region molten salt fast reactor concept. Uncertainty assessment of the particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurement system applied with the scaled and segmented model is presented in detail. The analysis covers the error sources of the measurement system (laser, recording camera, etc.) and the specific conditions (de-warping of measurement planes) originating in the geometry of the investigated domain. Effect of sample size in the ensemble averaged PIV measurements is discussed as well. An additional two-loop-operation mode is also presented and the analysis of the measurement results confirm that without enhancement nominal and other operation conditions will lead to strong unfavourable separation in the core flow. It implies that use of internal flow distribution structures will be necessary for the optimisation of the core coolant flow. Preliminary CFD calculations are presented to help the design of a perforated plate located above the inlet region. The purpose of the perforated plate is to reduce recirculation near the cylindrical wall and enhance the uniformity of the core flow distribution.