bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intracellular localization of nanoparticle dimers by chirality reversal
Authors: Sun Maozhong , Xu Liguang , Bahng Joong Hwan , Kuang Hua , Alben Silas , Kotov Nicholas A. , Xu Chuanlai 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe intra- and extracellular positioning of plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) can dramatically alter their curative/diagnostic abilities and medical outcomes. However, the inability of common spectroscopic identifiers to register the events of transmembrane transport denies their intracellular vs. extracellular localization even for cell cultures. Here we show that the chiroptical activity of DNA-bridged NP dimers allows one to follow the process of internalization of the particles by the mammalian cells and to distinguish their extra- vs intra-cellular localizations by real-time spectroscopy in ensemble. Circular dichroism peaks in the visible range change from negative to positive during transmembrane transport. The chirality reversal is associated with a spontaneous twisting motion around the DNA bridge caused by the large change in electrostatic repulsion between NPs when the dimers move from interstitial fluid to cytosol. This finding opens the door for spectroscopic targeting of plasmonic nanodrugs and quantitative assessment of nanoscale interactions. The efficacy of dichroic targeting of chiral nanostructures for biomedical applications is exemplified here as photodynamic therapy of malignancies. The efficacy of cervical cancer cell elimination was drastically increased when circular polarization of incident photons matched to the preferential absorption of dimers localized inside the cancer cells, which is associated with the increased generation of reactive oxygen species and their preferential intracellular localization.
STIM1 promotes migration, phagosomal maturation and antigen cross-presentation in dendritic cells
Authors: Nunes-Hasler Paula , Maschalidi Sophia , Lippens Carla , Castelbou Cyril , Bouvet Samuel , Guido Daniele , Bermont Flavien , Bassoy Esen Y. , Page Nicolas , Merkler Doron , Hugues Stéphanie , Martinvalet Denis , Manoury Bénédicte , Demaurex Nicolas 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAntigen cross-presentation by dendritic cells (DC) stimulates cytotoxic T cell activation to promote immunity to intracellular pathogens, viruses and cancer. Phagocytosed antigens generate potent T cell responses, but the signalling and trafficking pathways regulating their cross-presentation are unclear. Here, we show that ablation of the store-operated-Ca2+-entry regulator STIM1 in mouse myeloid cells impairs cross-presentation and DC migration in vivo and in vitro.Stim1ablation reduces Ca2+signals, cross-presentation, and chemotaxis in mouse bone-marrow-derived DCs without altering cell differentiation, maturation or phagocytic capacity. Phagosomal pH homoeostasis and ROS production are unaffected by STIM1 deficiency, but phagosomal proteolysis and leucyl aminopeptidase activity, IRAP recruitment, as well as fusion of phagosomes with endosomes and lysosomes are all impaired. These data suggest that STIM1-dependent Ca2+signalling promotes the delivery of endolysosomal enzymes to phagosomes to enable efficient cross-presentation.
Hourglass Dirac chain metal in rhenium dioxide
Authors: Wang Shan-Shan , Liu Ying , Yu Zhi-Ming , Sheng Xian-Lei , Yang Shengyuan A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractNonsymmorphic symmetries, which involve fractional lattice translations, can generate exotic types of fermionic excitations in crystalline materials. Here we propose a topological phase arising from nonsymmorphic symmetries—the hourglass Dirac chain metal, and predict its realization in the rhenium dioxide. We show that ReO2 features hourglass-type dispersion in the bulk electronic structure dictated by its nonsymmorphic space group. Due to time reversal and inversion symmetries, each band has an additional two-fold degeneracy, making the neck crossing-point of the hourglass four-fold degenerate. Remarkably, close to the Fermi level, the neck crossing-point traces out a Dirac chain—a chain of connected four-fold-degenerate Dirac loops—in the momentum space. The symmetry protection, the transformation under symmetry-breaking, and the associated topological surface states of the Dirac chain are revealed. Our results open the door to an unknown class of topological matters, and provide a platform to explore their intriguing physics.
Directing intracellular supramolecular assembly with N-heteroaromatic quaterthiophene analogues
Authors: Ng David Y. W. , Vill Roman , Wu Yuzhou , Koynov Kaloian , Tokura Yu , Liu Weina , Sihler Susanne , Kreyes Andreas , Ritz Sandra , Barth Holger , Ziener Ulrich , Weil Tanja 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSelf-assembly in situ, where synthetic molecules are programmed to organize in a specific and complex environment i.e., within living cells, can be a unique strategy to influence cellular functions. Here we present a small series of rationally designed oligothiophene analogues that specifically target, locate and dynamically self-report their supramolecular behavior within the confinement of a cell. Through the recognition of the terminal alkyl substituent and the amphiphilic pyridine motif, we show that the cell provides different complementary pathways for self-assembly that can be traced easily with fluorescence microscopy as their molecular organization emits in distinct fluorescent bands. Importantly, the control and induction of both forms are achieved by time, temperature and the use of the intracellular transport inhibitor, bafilomycin A1. We showcase the importance of both intrinsic (cell) and extrinsic (stimulus) factors for self-organization and the potential of such a platform toward developing synthetic functional components within living cells.
Low-threshold optically pumped lasing in highly strained germanium nanowires
Authors: Bao Shuyu , Kim Daeik , Onwukaeme Chibuzo , Gupta Shashank , Saraswat Krishna , Lee Kwang Hong , Kim Yeji , Min Dabin , Jung Yongduck , Qiu Haodong , Wang Hong , Fitzgerald Eugene A. , Tan Chuan Seng , Nam Donguk 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe integration of efficient, miniaturized group IV lasers into CMOS architecture holds the key to the realization of fully functional photonic-integrated circuits. Despite several years of progress, however, all group IV lasers reported to date exhibit impractically high thresholds owing to their unfavourable bandstructures. Highly strained germanium with its fundamentally altered bandstructure has emerged as a potential low-threshold gain medium, but there has yet to be a successful demonstration of lasing from this seemingly promising material system. Here we demonstrate a low-threshold, compact group IV laser that employs a germanium nanowire under a 1.6% uniaxial tensile strain as the gain medium. The amplified material gain in strained germanium can sufficiently overcome optical losses at 83 K, thus allowing the observation of multimode lasing with an optical pumping threshold density of ~3.0 kW cm−2. Our demonstration opens new possibilities for group IV lasers for photonic-integrated circuits.
Cooperation and the evolution of hunter-gatherer storytelling
Authors: Smith Daniel , Schlaepfer Philip , Major Katie , Dyble Mark , Page Abigail E. , Thompson James , Chaudhary Nikhil , Salali Gul Deniz , Mace Ruth , Astete Leonora , Ngales Marilyn , Vinicius Lucio , Migliano Andrea Bamberg 
Published: November 2017

AbstractStorytelling is a human universal. From gathering around the camp-fire telling tales of ancestors to watching the latest television box-set, humans are inveterate producers and consumers of stories. Despite its ubiquity, little attention has been given to understanding the function and evolution of storytelling. Here we explore the impact of storytelling on hunter-gatherer cooperative behaviour and the individual-level fitness benefits to being a skilled storyteller. Stories told by the Agta, a Filipino hunter-gatherer population, convey messages relevant to coordinating behaviour in a foraging ecology, such as cooperation, sex equality and egalitarianism. These themes are present in narratives from other foraging societies. We also show that the presence of good storytellers is associated with increased cooperation. In return, skilled storytellers are preferred social partners and have greater reproductive success, providing a pathway by which group-beneficial behaviours, such as storytelling, can evolve via individual-level selection. We conclude that one of the adaptive functions of storytelling among hunter gatherers may be to organise cooperation.
Metal-hydrogen systems with an exceptionally large and tunable thermodynamic destabilization
Authors: Ngene Peter , Longo Alessandro , Mooij Lennard , Bras Wim , Dam Bernard 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHydrogen is a key element in the energy transition. Hydrogen–metal systems have been studied for various energy-related applications, e.g., for their use in reversible hydrogen storage, catalysis, hydrogen sensing, and rechargeable batteries. These applications depend strongly on the thermodynamics of the metal–hydrogen system. Therefore, tailoring the thermodynamics of metal–hydrogen interactions is crucial for tuning the properties of metal hydrides. Here we present a case of large metal hydride destabilization by elastic strain. The addition of small amounts of zirconium to yttrium leads to a compression of the yttrium lattice, which is maintained during (de)hydrogenation cycles. As a result, the equilibrium hydrogen pressure of YH2 ↔ YH3can be rationally and precisely tuned up to five orders of magnitude at room temperature. This allows us to realize a hydrogen sensor which indicates the ambient hydrogen pressure over four orders of magnitude by an eye-visible color change.
Bacterial endosymbionts influence host sexuality and reveal reproductive genes of early divergent fungi
Authors: Mondo Stephen J. , Lastovetsky Olga A. , Gaspar Maria L. , Schwardt Nicole H. , Barber Colin C. , Riley Robert , Sun Hui , Grigoriev Igor V. , Pawlowska Teresa E. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMany heritable mutualisms, in which beneficial symbionts are transmitted vertically between host generations, originate as antagonisms with parasite dispersal constrained by the host. Only after the parasite gains control over its transmission is the symbiosis expected to transition from antagonism to mutualism. Here, we explore this prediction in the mutualism between the fungus Rhizopus microsporus (Rm, Mucoromycotina) and a beta-proteobacterium Burkholderia, which controls host asexual reproduction. We show that reproductive addiction of Rm to endobacteria extends to mating, and is mediated by the symbiont gaining transcriptional control of the fungal ras2 gene, which encodes a GTPase central to fungal reproductive development. We also discover candidate G-protein-coupled receptors for the perception of trisporic acids, mating pheromones unique to Mucoromycotina. Our results demonstrate that regulating host asexual proliferation and modifying its sexual reproduction are sufficient for the symbiont’s control of its own transmission, needed for antagonism-to-mutualism transition in heritable symbioses. These properties establish the Rm-Burkholderia symbiosis as a powerful system for identifying reproductive genes in Mucoromycotina.
High-resolution bacterial 16S rRNA gene profile meta-analysis and biofilm status reveal common colorectal cancer consortia
Authors: Drewes Julia L. , White James R. , Dejea Christine M. , Fathi Payam , Iyadorai Thevambiga , Vadivelu Jamuna , Roslani April C. , Wick Elizabeth C. , Mongodin Emmanuel F. , Loke Mun Fai , Thulasi Kumar , Gan Han Ming , Goh Khean Lee , Chong Hoong Yin , Kumar Sandip , Wanyiri Jane W. , Sears Cynthia L. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) remains the third most common cancer worldwide, with a growing incidence among young adults. Multiple studies have presented associations between the gut microbiome and CRC, suggesting a link with cancer risk. Although CRC microbiome studies continue to profile larger patient cohorts with increasingly economical and rapid DNA sequencing platforms, few common associations with CRC have been identified, in part due to limitations in taxonomic resolution and differences in analysis methodologies. Complementing these taxonomic studies is the newly recognized phenomenon that bacterial organization into biofilm structures in the mucus layer of the gut is a consistent feature of right-sided (proximal), but not left-sided (distal) colorectal cancer. In the present study, we performed 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and biofilm quantification in a new cohort of patients from Malaysia, followed by a meta-analysis of eleven additional publicly available data sets on stool and tissue-based CRC microbiota using Resphera Insight, a high-resolution analytical tool for species-level characterization. Results from the Malaysian cohort and the expanded meta-analysis confirm that CRC tissues are enriched for invasive biofilms (particularly on right-sided tumors), a symbiont with capacity for tumorigenesis (Bacteroides fragilis), and oral pathogens including Fusobacterium nucleatum, Parvimonas micra, and Peptostreptococcus stomatis. Considered in aggregate, species from the Human Oral Microbiome Database are highly enriched in CRC. Although no detected microbial feature was universally present, their substantial overlap and combined prevalence supports a role for the gut microbiota in a significant percentage (>80%) of CRC cases.
Van der Waals oxide heteroepitaxy
Authors: Chu Ying-Hao 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe research field of oxide heteroepitaxy suffers from the characteristics of misfit strain and substrate clamping, hampering the optimization of performance and the gain of fundamental understanding of oxide systems. Recently, there are demonstrations on functional oxides epitaxially fabricated on layered muscovite substrate. In these heterostructures, due to the weak interaction between substrate and film, they show the lattice of films close to bulk with excellent strictive properties, suggesting that these critical problems can be potentially solved by van der Waals oxide heteroepitaxy. In addition, by exploiting the transparent and flexible features of muscovite, such a heteroepitaxy can deliver new material solutions to transparent soft technology. In this paper, the history, development, and current status of van der Waals oxide heteroepitaxy are addressed and discussed. In the end, new research directions in terms of fundamental study and practical application are proposed to highlight the importance of this research field.
Reprogramming to pluripotency does not require transition through a primitive streak-like state
Authors: Raab Stefanie , Klingenstein Moritz , Möller Anna , Illing Anett , Tosic Jelena , Breunig Markus , Kuales Georg , Linta Leonhard , Seufferlein Thomas , Arnold Sebastian J. , Kleger Alexander , Liebau Stefan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPluripotency can be induced in vitro from adult somatic mammalian cells by enforced expression of defined transcription factors regulating and initiating the pluripotency network. Despite the substantial advances over the last decade to improve the efficiency of direct reprogramming, exact mechanisms underlying the conversion into the pluripotent stem cell state are still vaguely understood. Several studies suggested that induced pluripotency follows reversed embryonic development. For somatic cells of mesodermal and endodermal origin that would require the transition through a Primitive streak-like state, which would necessarily require an Eomesodermin (Eomes) expressing intermediate. We analyzed reprogramming in human and mouse cells of mesodermal as well as ectodermal origin by thorough marker gene analyses in combination with genetic reporters, conditional loss of function and stable fate-labeling for the broad primitive streak marker Eomes. We unambiguously demonstrate that induced pluripotency is not dependent on a transient primitive streak-like stage and thus does not represent reversal of mesendodermal development in vivo.
Ultrafast and low-energy switching in voltage-controlled elliptical pMTJ
Authors: Deng Jiefang , Liang Gengchiau , Gupta Gaurav 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSwitching magnetization in a perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction (pMTJ) via voltage controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) has shown the potential to markedly reduce switching energy. However, the requirement of an external magnetic field poses a critical bottleneck for its practical applications. In this work, we propose an elliptical-shaped pMTJ to eliminate the requirement of providing an external field by an additional circuit. We demonstrate that a 10 nm thick in-plane magnetized bias layer (BL) separated by a metallic spacer of 3 nm from the free layer (FL) can be engineered within the MTJ stack to provide the 50 mT bias magnetic field for switching. By conducting macrospin simulation, we find that a fast switching in 0.38 ns with energy consumption as low as 0.3 fJ at a voltage of 1.6 V can be achieved. Furthermore, we study the phase diagram of switching probability, showing that a pulse duration margin of 0.15 ns is obtained and low-voltage operation (~1 V) is favored. Finally, the MTJ scalability is considered, and it is found that scaling down may not be appealing in terms of both the energy consumption and the switching time for precession based VCMA switching.
Data driven inference for the repulsive exponent of the Lennard-Jones potential in molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Kulakova Lina , Arampatzis Georgios , Angelikopoulos Panagiotis , Hadjidoukas Panagiotis , Papadimitriou Costas , Koumoutsakos Petros 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe Lennard-Jones (LJ) potential is a cornerstone of Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations and among the most widely used computational kernels in science. The LJ potential models atomistic attraction and repulsion with century old prescribed parameters (q = 6, p = 12, respectively), originally related by a factor of two for simplicity of calculations. We propose the inference of the repulsion exponent through Hierarchical Bayesian uncertainty quantification We use experimental data of the radial distribution function and dimer interaction energies from quantum mechanics simulations. We find that the repulsion exponent p ≈ 6.5 provides an excellent fit for the experimental data of liquid argon, for a range of thermodynamic conditions, as well as for saturated argon vapour. Calibration using the quantum simulation data did not provide a good fit in these cases. However, values p ≈ 12.7 obtained by dimer quantum simulations are preferred for the argon gas while lower values are promoted by experimental data. These results show that the proposed LJ 6-p potential applies to a wider range of thermodynamic conditions, than the classical LJ 6-12 potential. We suggest that calibration of the repulsive exponent in the LJ potential widens the range of applicability and accuracy of MD simulations.
Evaluation of BMMSCs-EPCs sheets for repairing alveolar bone defects in ovariectomized rats
Authors: Wen Yi , Yang Hongxu , Liu Yanli , Liu Qian , Wang Axian , Ding Yin , Jin Zuolin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to investigate the effect that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) - endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), BMMSCs and EPCs sheets have on repairing maxillary alveolar defects in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. In this study, after identification using multi-lineage differentiation and flow cytometry, BMMSCs and EPCs were isolated from female rats. The BMMSCs-EPCs, BMMSCs and EPCs sheets were detected by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and qRT-PCR. Defects were created in maxillary alveoli and repaired with BMMSCs-EPCs, BMMSCs and EPCs sheets in OVX rats. The repair effects were determined by histological staining and micro-CT analysis at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after implantation. We aim to clarify whether BMMSCs-EPCs sheets are more effective in repairing alveolar bone defects than are BMMSCs and EPCs sheets in OVX rats. The results show that the osteogenic potential and the effect of bone repair are greater in the BMMSCs-EPCs sheet group and that this group has a higher ability to repair alveolar bone defects in OVX rats. These results suggest that BMMSCs-EPCs sheets have potential in clinical applications for treating humans with osteoporosis.
Histopathological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural evidence of spontaneous Senecavirus A-induced lesions at the choroid plexus of newborn piglets
Authors: Oliveira Thalita E. S. , Michelazzo Mariana M. Z. , Fernandes Thiago , de Oliveira Admilton G. , Leme Raquel A. , Alfieri Alice F. , Alfieri Amauri A. , Headley Selwyn A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEpidemic Transient Neonatal Losses (ETNL) is a disease of piglets caused by Senecavirus A (SVA) in which the method of dissemination and associated lesions are not well-defined. This study investigated the possible SVA-induced lesions by examining spontaneous infections in newborn piglets. Histopathology revealed ballooning degeneration of transitional epithelium, nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis, plexus choroiditis, and atrophic enteritis. RT-PCR identified SVA in all tissues evaluated and sequencing confirmed these results. Positive immunoreactivity to SVA was observed in endothelial and epithelial tissues of all organs evaluated. Semithin analysis revealed vacuolization of apical enterocytes of the small intestine, balloon degeneration and necrosis of endothelial cells of the choroid plexus (CP) and nonsuppurative choroid plexitis. Ultrathin evaluation demonstrated hydropic degeneration of apical enterocytes, degeneration and necrosis of endothelium of CP fenestrated capillaries, degeneration of ependymocytes associated with intralesional viral particles. It is proposed that SVA initially infects apical enterocytes of newborn piglets and probably enters the circulatory system with entry to the brain via the CP, by first producing an initial inflammatory reaction, with subsequent encephalitic dissemination. Consequently, SVA probably uses an enteric-neurological method of dissemination.
Antiphospholipid antibodies increase the levels of mitochondrial DNA in placental extracellular vesicles: Alarmin-g for preeclampsia
Authors: Tong Mancy , Johansson Caroline , Xiao Fengyi , Stone Peter R. , James Joanna L. , Chen Qi , Cree Lynsey M. , Chamley Lawrence W. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe pathogenesis of preeclampsia remains unclear but placental factors are known to play a crucial role causing maternal endothelial cell dysfunction. One potential factor is placental micro- and nano- vesicles. Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) increase the risk of preeclampsia ten-fold, in part by damaging the mitochondria in the syncytiotrophoblast. Since mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a danger- associated molecular pattern (DAMP/alarmin) that may activate endothelial cells, the aims of the current study were to investigate whether aPL affect the number of placental vesicles extruded, their mtDNA content and their ability to activate endothelial cells. Exposure of first trimester human placental explants to aPL affected neither the number nor size of extruded micro- and nano- vesicles (n = 5), however their levels of mtDNA were increased (n = 6). These vesicles significantly activated endothelial cells (n = 5), which was prevented by blocking toll-like receptor 9 (TLR-9), a receptor for extracellular DNA. Thus, aPL may increase the risk of preeclampsia in part by increasing the amount of mtDNA associated with placental vesicles. That mitochondrial DNA is recognised as a DAMP by TLR-9 to cause endothelial cell activation, raises the possibility that placental vesicles or TLR-9 might be a target for pharmaceutical intervention to reduce the consequences of aPL in pregnancy.