bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Incorporation of Disinfectants on Surface Hardness and Dimensional Accuracy of Die Stone: An in vitro Study
Authors: Bakshi Anubhuti , Dang Rajat 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
To evaluate surface hardness and dimensional accuracy of type IV dental stone after incorporation of disinfectants.

Materials and methods
A total of 100 specimens, 50 (40 mm⨯ 10 mm) disk shaped and 50 frustum cone shaped, were fab- ricated from type IV dental stone after incorporation of various disinfectants, namely glutaraldehyde (2%), iodophor (1.76%), chlorhexidine (2%), and sodium hypochlorite (1%), for evaluation of surface hardness and dimensional accuracy. Surface hardness was tested after 1- and 24-hour time interval using Rockwell hard- ness testing machine. Dimensional accuracy was measured using traveling microscope. Data obtained were compiled and analyzed statistically by using analysis of variance and post hoc test.

Results
Results showed significant decrease in surface hard- ness of samples incorporated with disinfectants at 1 hour as compared with control (distilled water). Surface hardness of all the samples increased with time and was almost equal to control group at 24-hour interval, with iodophor showing the maximum value in comparison with the other disinfectants used. When dimensional accuracy of all the groups was compared, iodophor and sodium hypochlorite were found to cause negative alterations.

Conclusion
Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it was concluded that incorporation of disinfectants in die stone during mixing did not affect the hardness value at 24-hour interval. Dimensional accuracy was altered by iodophor and sodium hypochlorite, but remained unaffected by chlorhexidine and glutaraldehyde.

How to cite this article
Bakshi A, Dang R. Effect of Incorpo- ration of Disinfectants on Surface Hardness and Dimensional Accuracy of Die Stone An in vitro Study. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2017;7(3):86-91.
Clinical Considerations while increasing Occlusal Vertical Dimension
Authors: Kulkarni Rahul S , Pawar Ravindra S , Pimpale Sandeep K 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
A decrease in occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) may result from tooth structure loss and extraction of posterior teeth, and it affects the esthetics, function, comfort, and lower facial height (LFH). Rehabilitation of patients with worn dentitions may require increase in OVD and interarch distance to create space for restorative materials, improve esthetics, and develop physiologic occlusion. It is usually advisable to assess esthetics, function, LFH, and response of the stomatognathic system to increased OVD by means of removable or fixed provisional appliances before definitive treatment. The following case report presents the multitude of factors considered in planning amount of OVD increase keeping in view its impact on LFH and facial esthetics, during rehabilitation of a patient with severely attrided dentition.

How to cite this article
Pawar RS, Kulkarni RS, Pimpale SK. Clinical Considerations while increasing Occlusal Vertical Dimension. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2017;7(3):103-107.
Occurrence of Dental Abnormalities in Hemophilic Patients in the City of Davangere, Karnataka, India
Authors: Yadav Sneha , Bharath KP , Mathew Mebin George , Shruthi AS 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
Aim
This study was carried out to determine the level of awareness about the importance of oral health in hemophilic children and their caretakers as well as to examine the oral condition in children with hemophilia and compare them to general population.

Materials and methods
A descriptive cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the city of Davangere. The study consists of total 100 children which were divided into group I —children having hemophilia (n = 50) and group II—normal healthy children (n = 50) of age 3 to 18 years. The oral cavity of both the groups was examined to assess to detect presence of any hard and soft tissue anomalies. By interviewing the parents of hemophilic patients, their demographic data, family history, and knowledge and understanding of value of oral health were assessed. Data were analyzed by chi-square and student’s unpaired t-test.

Results
No significant difference in the presence of oral anomalies in both the groups was observed.

Conclusion
The study concluded that there is no major difference in the prevalence of dental abnormalities in hemophilic and healthy children. Also, educating the mass about oral health and maintenance is as important as treating the hemophilic patient for oral diseases.

How to cite this article
Nagaveni NB, Yadav S, Poornima P, Bharath KP, Mathew MG, Shruthi AS. Occurrence of Dental Abnormalities in Hemophilic Patients in the City of Davangere, Karnataka, India. CODS J Dent 2016;8(1):1-5.
Comparing the Sealing Ability of Contemporary Restorative Materials
Authors: Navya Repala R , Shivamurthy GB 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
Aim
The success of the root canal treatment mainly depends upon the three-dimensional obturation of the root canal system. The purpose of this study is to compare the sealing ability of biodentine, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and glass ionomer cement (GIC).

Materials and methods
Teeth were obturated with gutta-percha using AH PLUS sealer in all groups. The intracanal sealing material used in group I was GIC, group II was MTA, and group III was biodentine. The specimens were longitudinally sectioned. Coronal microleakage was determined under a stereomicroscope using 15× magnification. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by post hoc multiple comparisons (Bonferroni).

Results
Biodentine group leaked significantly less than the GIC group (p < 0.05). The sealing ability of biodentine was better than that of MTA, but the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusion
Biodentine or MTA may be preferred over GIC as an intracanal barrier.

Clinical significance
Biodentine or MTA can be used in areas where an impervious seal has to be obtained. They can also be used to seal the perforations in the coronal middle and apical thirds of the root canal. These materials have an ability to form a barrier during apexification procedures.

How to cite this article
Navya RR, Shivamurthy GB. Comparing the Sealing Ability of Contemporary Restorative Materials. CODS J Dent 2016;8(1):12-15.
Marginal Fit of Polymethyl Methacrylate Provisional Restorative Material after Polymerization at Different Water Temperatures and after relining: A Comparative Study
Authors: Khandelwal Priti Vasant , Roopa KT , Vijayalakshmi CR 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
Background and objectives
Good fit at the margins of provisional crowns is essential to maintain gingival health and to protect teeth from physical, chemical, bacterial, and thermal injuries. Use of water at the time of curing of provisional crown and relining are advised to get best the marginal fit.
The purpose of this study is to compare marginal fit after complete polymerization at room temperature followed by relining and after polymerization at different temperatures of water of provisional restorative material [polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)].

Materials and methods
Eight provisional crowns of PMMA for groups A, A1, A2, and A3 were made using a precisely machined brass metal die simulating unprepared tooth and prepared tooth. The marginal fit of provisional crowns measured using stereomicroscope (0.5×10× magnification) at four different points to have 32 measurements in each group in micrometers (μm).

Results and conclusion
Intragroup comparison showed a statistically significant difference in marginal gap of all PMMA at 5 minutes of curing time and 10 minutes of storage time. Order of marginal gap was A3<A1<A2<A. The relining of provisional crowns showed the best marginal fit of all groups.

How to cite this article
Khandelwal PV, Roopa KT, Vijayalakshmi CR. Marginal Fit of Polymethyl Methacrylate Provisional Restorative Material after Polymerization at Different Water Temperatures and after relining: A Comparative Study. CODS J Dent 2016;8(1):33-38.
Ambulatory Potential in Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Laisram Nonica , Saha Sucheta 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTAmbulation is a major concern in cerebral palsy (CP) rehabilitation. The present study was carried out in 175 CP cases, belonging to the age group of 2 years and above. The aim of the article was to identify the independent ambulators in different types of CP, to study the age of achieving independent ambulation, and to determine some parameters that affect ambulatory outcome.Among 175 cases, 69 (39.4%) cases were found to be able to walk independently. Of this, the maximum number of cases were children with spastic hemiplegia, 37 of 39 (94.9%), followed by children with spastic paraplegia, 7 of 18 (41.1%) and diplegia, 15 of 45 (33.1%). Majority of these children were found to have either normal intelligence or mild degree of mental retardation (MR). Degree of spasticity was mild in these cases. Majority of the children who were able to walk had achieved independent sitting by 2 years of age, i.e., in 54 of 69 (78.3%) cases.The present study highlights that CP children with spastic hemiplegia had the highest potential for independent walking. Spasticity of mild degree in association with a normal intelligence or mild degree of MR and achievement of independent sitting by 2 years of age appear to be favorable for ambulation.How to cite this articleLaisram N, Saha S. Ambulatory Potential in Children with Cerebral Palsy. Indian J Phy Med Rehab 2017;28(2):49-52.
An Attempt to rehabilitate a Case of Rubinstein–Taybi Syndrome: A Rare Disorder
Authors: Sengupta Madhusree , Equebal Ameed , Biswas Abhishek , Ballav Ambar 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome (RSTS) is a genetically heterogeneous, rare, neurodevelopmental condition with the usual stigmata of facial dysmorphism, broad thumb and hallux, multisystem involvement, and developmental delay, which are themselves clinically diagnostic in the absence of standard criteria. Amidst all these physical features, the sensory, cognitive, behavioral, intellectual, and sometimes autistic features of the condition often escape attention. This case illustrates that the management of all these different aspects remains an integral part of rehabilitation.

How to cite this article
Sengupta M, Equebal A, Biswas A, Ballav A. An Attempt to rehabilitate a Case of Rubinstein– Taybi Syndrome: A Rare Disorder. Indian J Phy Med Rehab 2017;28(2):74-76.
Radical Résistance in France: François Hollande’s German Crisis
Authors: Glitz Henry 
Published: October 2017

Friendship between France and Germany, which was one of the primary factors behind the European recovery after World War II, has begun, ever so slightly, to change in the face of a stagnant and far less impressive economic recovery from the most recent global financial crisis. The new strain on Franco- German relations, and the new threat to European economic stability, is becoming particularly apparent under the presidency of François Hollande, France’s current Socialist executive. As a result of German interests in implementing Europe-wide austerity policies, and the weak and seemingly ineffective centrist leadership under Hollande, significant changes seem almost inevitable.
Millennial’s Political Activism
Authors: Talman Sam 
Published: October 2017

Political activity is a telling behavior about a generation, influencing how policy makers in the U.S. do their jobs and how budgets are set. A generation without any political activity risks missing out on benefits from activity, while an active generation may help shape the institutions and traditions in a political culture. There are significant challenges to measuring individual political activity, and the question isn’t simply “how politically active are you?” A tool traditionally used to address this challenge is a seven- point scale based on the correlation between an individual’s party identification and political activism. This measurement allows polltakers to label themselves as strong or weak for either major party, independent leaning Republican/Democrat or truly independent. For a deeper look, scholars can gauge political activism by examining a number of sub-levels of activism, rather than relying simply on a seven-point scale. Social identity has become an important way to measure levels of partisanship and interest amongst the citizenry.
Is Free Education Really Free?
Authors: Johnson Andrew 
Published: October 2017

The cost of college is remarkable. Shelling out thousands of dollars for some knowledge and a receipt claiming you paid is, in a few words, the modern American college system. Perhaps unsurprisingly, policies have been proposed to reduce the cost of college, even making it free in some instances. On Jan. 9, 2015 President Obama unveiled a plan to make “two years of community college free for responsible students across America.” Given the Republican control of Congress, the idea stands little chance of being passed, but it is still interesting to consider. Under the President’s plan, all Americans, regardless of income, would have access to two years of free community college education provided the student maintains a 2.5 GPA and part-time status. Though the benefits would be numerous, so would the costs.
Should Pension Savings Be a Protected Property at Bankruptcy?
Authors: Keeper Trish 
Published: October 2017

In 2015, the New Zealand Court of Appeal held, in Trustee Executors Ltd v The Official Assignee,[1] a test case brought by the Official Assignee (OA), that the OA could not access the KiwiSaver balances of a bankrupt. In response, the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment released a Discussion Document in July 2016, proposing a law change to make some, or all, of a bankrupt’s pension savings available to the OA for the benefit of a bankrupt’s creditors. This article outlines the Court of Appeal decision and its implications within the context of both the New Zealand Insolvency Act 2006 and the KiwiSaver Act 2006. It then critically discusses the law change proposed in the Discussion Document and suggests that, given the significant difficulties with this proposal, more limited reforms be implemented to prevent bankrupts unfairly using the inalienability of pension savings to defeat the interests of creditors.
[1] [2015] NZCA 118.
Guest Editorial: Personal Insolvency – A Fresh Start
Authors: Mason Rosalind , Kilborn Jason , Ben-Ishai Stephanie , Spooner Joseph 
Published: October 2017

The international personal insolvency conference, A Fresh Look at Fresh Start: The Human Dimension to Bankruptcy was hosted by Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia in September 2016. The conference attracted delegates from a wide-range of disciplines including academics, accountants, economists, financial counsellors, lawyers, regulators, policy makers and non-profit organisations. They came from around the globe bringing perspectives from North America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and Oceania.
While the current focus in much insolvency scholarship or commentary is upon salvaging economic value for large businesses facing financial collapse, the harsh reality is that many more people experience financial stress as over-indebted consumers or ‘owners’ of micro/small/medium sized enterprises. This conference provided a forum for scholars, practitioners and policy-makers to discuss and present on the human experience of bankruptcy.
Low rate of clinically important avascular necrosis of the femoral head after Ludloff’s procedure
Authors: Holbeck-Brendel Jesper , Møller-Madsen Bjarne , Hvid Ivan , Hellfritzsch Michel B , Pedersen Line K , Dalsgaard Peter , Rahbek Ole 
Published: October 2017

Introduction: Ludloff’s procedure for open reduction of congenital dislocation of the hip (CDH) is recommended for its minimal tissue damage, but is criticised for the risk of late avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head. The aim of present study was primarily to assess the risk of late AVN of the femoral head and secondly the range of motion (ROM) of the hip and the quality of life in children following Ludloff’s procedure. Methods and materials: 13 hips in 11 children after Ludloff’s procedure due to CDH were included retrospectively from 1997 to 2005 at Aarhus University Hospital. Radiographs were evaluated for the presence of AVN of the femoral head and classified according to the Bucholz and Ogden classification, with type 2-4 having clinical relevance. A clinical examination included range of motion (ROM) and leg length discrepancy (LLD) measurements. The HAGOS hip questionnaire evaluated activity, participation and quality of life. Results: No severe type 3-4 AVN was observed. 2 type 2 and 5 type 1 were observed. AVN was observed in 7 of the 13 operated hips (54%). An 8.6° difference in flexion for unilaterally treated hips was observed (p<0.02). 8 of 11 patients had minor LLD (range 0.5-2 cm). Conclusions: Only minor AVN of clinical importance was seen after Ludloff’s procedure.
Excellent inter-observer agreement between radiologist and nurse: tracheal carina-based identification of peripherally inserted central catheter tip position
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxia , Jia Dan , Ke Nengwen , Liu Chang , Fu Lan , Hu Xiuying 
Published: October 2017

Introduction: Accurate identification of position of a central venous catheter tip is important to reduce catheter-related complications. Nevertheless, inter-observer bias limits the accuracy of traditional method for determining tip position on chest x-ray (CXR) images. The aim of this study was to explore a simple and objective method for assessing position of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) tip on CXR image. Methods: Tracheal carina was used as the landmark to identify positions of catheter tips. The central vein (CV) was located between 3 cm above and 4 cm below tracheal carina. The vertical distance from catheter tips to tracheal carina was measured independently by a nurse and re-assessed by a radiologist. Inter-observer agreement was expressed as percentage in agreement and kappa coefficient. Results: Six hundred and twelve CXR images of catheters taken from 612 patients were included. The inter-observer agreement between nurse and radiologist was 97.88% (kappa = 0.934) for all catheter tips evaluated, and 98.40% (kappa = 0.923) for catheter tips with regard to CV, innominate vein, and right atrium. Most discrepancies (9/13) between observers occurred when catheter tips were positioned in a border region between different anatomical parts. Conclusions: Inter-observer agreement between nurse and radiologist is excellent. Our results demonstrate that the measurement of distance between catheter tip and tracheal carina performed by a nurse provide a convenient and reliable way to determine position of PICC tip. Our study also suggests that nurses can be trained to handle PICCs, especially when properly located catheters are applied in critically ill patients during emergency setting.
Unique Representations of Moses in the Works of Harriet Martineau, Charlotte Brontë, and George Eliot
Authors: Amano Miyuki 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This article uses two methods to examine George Eliot's poem “The Death of Moses,” which has not yet been fully analyzed. One is the comparative analysis of Moses represented by Eliot's contemporary writers, Harriet Martineau and Charlotte Brontë. The other provides a consideration of how this poem relates to some other works in Eliot's corpus, for example, “Agatha,” “Self and Life,” and “Mordecai's Hebrew Verses.” These methods clarify the uniqueness of each writer's representation and give us a better understanding of Eliot's ideas and intentions in “The Death of Moses.” Eliot creates a pathetic image of Moses, which symbolizes the weakness in the great prophet as well as the conflicting emotions caused by the inevitable experience of the human encounter with death. This poem is not only interesting as Eliot's version of midrash in the context of reworking of the bible, but it also deals with the concept of immortality, a theme that would be inherited by the later novelist Virginia Woolf. Furthermore, this poem invites us to be more sensitive to the interconnectedness of poems across authors and literary periods.
Telling and Enacting Ghost Stories: Narrative and Agency in Amy Tan's The Hundred Secret Senses
Authors: Sun Jiena 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
In light of anthropologist Victor Turner's theory of liminality, this article constructed with a human touch of love and hope, and with a much-needed acknowledgment of alternative vision. Both the protagonist Kwan, who is a ghost seer, and the ghosts in her stories are liminal entities due to their crossings of boundaries between life and death, between the past and the present, let alone that between Chinese culture and American culture. Kwan's telling and enacting of ghost stories take advantage of this shared liminality and the possibility inherent in the liminal state. Since Tan spares no effort to depict Kwan's initiatives, this article proposes to interpret the possibility in the liminal state as Kwan's agency in revising the trajectories of lives. It examines how Tan explores the agency accompanying Kwan's telling and enacting of ghost stories and how Tan honors alternative ways of seeing the world through her authorial endorsement of Kwan's agency.
Crime and Punishment in Eastern Pennsylvania, 1903–18, Part 2
Authors: Wintermute Bobby A. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
The first half of this article (Pennsylvania History, Summer 2017) studied the nature of crime and criminology in early twentieth-century Pennsylvania. In this follow-up, Eastern State Penitentiary reforms and advocacy for prisoners fighting in World War I are examined, along with the efforts of Progressive Era penologist Warden Robert J. McKenty.
The Business of War: The Peirce School in World War I
Authors: Everts Bart 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
Founded in 1865, The Peirce School of Business Administration taught a variety of business-related courses as well as teacher training classes. The school was well integrated into the Philadelphia business community, and when the United States entered World War I, it took a stance of unquestioned patriotism. Doing so allowed the school to demonstrate the value of its curriculum to the war effort. The alumni board and school administrators organized sendoffs for soldiers, the Comfort Kit Club, Liberty Bond drives, and other prowar rituals. The school marketed “war courses” aimed at training women for civilian jobs, and the alumni journal featured female graduates contributing to the war effort. Leonard Wood and Theodore Roosevelt were featured speakers at the 1917 and 1918 commencement ceremonies, respectively, solidifying the narrative that Peirce prepared students to make a contribution to the war effort.
The Plight of the Doughboy: World War I as Seen through the Eyes of Harold W. Pierce
Authors: Keifer Daniel C. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
World War I was a catalyst, altering the world's political landscape and leading to advancements in weaponry and tactics shaping warfare through the rest of the century. Perhaps its greatest influence, however, was on the lives of the soldiers who experienced the cruelest manifestations of this conflict. Their accounts demonstrate the impact of war on the individual and give us a glimpse of an otherwise unimaginable reality. In “Diary of a Doughboy,” by Pennsylvanian Harold W. Pierce of the Twenty-Eighth Division, we learn the emotional and psychological effects of war on one doughboy. Understanding these effects allows us to better understand humanity with regard to warfare.
An Early Blue Star Service Flag at the Erie Maritime Museum
Authors: Bolla Linda 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
Blue Star Service Flags note the military service of a family member. They began during World War I. One early such flag hung in the Erie home of USS Wolverine sailor William H. Stine. Stine, the flag, and their history is discussed as a way for the Homefront to quietly, proudly, and publicly, note the service of a loved one.