bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anthelmintic activity of Tunisian chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) against Haemonchus contortus
Authors: Hajaji S. , Alimi D. , Jabri M.A. , Abuseir S. , Gharbi M. , Akkari H. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe chemical treatment of gastrointestinal parasitic diseases has been undermined by increasing resistance and high toxicity. There is an urgent need to search for alternative natural sources for the treatment of such parasites. In this respect, the present study aims to quantify phenolic compounds of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) and to study their in vitro anti-oxidant and anthelmintic activities in solvents with increasing polarity. In vitro determination of anti-oxidant capacity was carried out using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation methods. In vitro anthelmintic activity was investigated on egg-hatching inhibition and loss of motility of adult worms of Haemonchus contortus from sheep. The results showed that methanolic and aqueous extracts contain more total polyphenols, total flavonoids and condensed tannins than chloroformic and hexanic extracts. ABTS and DPPH assays showed that methanolic extracts had the highest anti-oxidant potency (IC50 = 1.19 μg/ml and 1.18 μg/ml, respectively). In vitro anthelmintic activity showed that both methanolic (IC50 = 1.559 mg/ml) and aqueous (IC50 = 2.559 mg/ml) extracts had the greatest effect on egg hatching and motility of worms (100% after 8 h post exposure at 8 mg/ml). A significant and positive correlation between DPPH and ABTS tests was observed for all tested extracts. Therefore, total phenolic, total flavonoid and condensed tannin values were correlated with IC50 from both ABTS and DPPH, and with inhibition of egg hatching. To our knowledge, this report is the first of its kind to deal with in vitro anthelmintic activities of chamomile extracts.
Ethiopian Muslims and the discourse about moderation
Authors: Østebø Terje , Shemsedin Wallelign 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThis article provides insights into particular aspects of contemporary Islamic reformism in Ethiopia, focusing on what we have labelled the Intellectualist movement. Analysing the trajectory and the ideological underpinnings of the movement from the early 1990s to the present, the study interrogates the assertion that Ethiopian Islam has moved in a radical direction and argues that the Intellectualist movement has been a significant force moderating the domestic political-religious discourses. We demonstrate that it contributed to the production of political awareness among generations of young Ethiopian Muslims, which rather than contesting the existing political system, moved in a direction of a strengthened belief in secularism and democratic values. What is important here is that this took place in an increasingly constraining political environment, which, as often assumed, did not trigger any reaction of radicalization, but rather reinforced the adherence to a moderating discourse.
The effect of heart rate variability biofeedback training on stress and anxiety: a meta-analysis
Authors: Goessl V. C. , Curtiss J. E. , Hofmann S. G. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundSome evidence suggests that heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback might be an effective way to treat anxiety and stress symptoms. To examine the effect of HRV biofeedback on symptoms of anxiety and stress, we conducted a meta-analysis of studies extracted from PubMed, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library.MethodsThe search identified 24 studies totaling 484 participants who received HRV biofeedback training for stress and anxiety. We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis.ResultsThe pre-post within-group effect size (Hedges' g) was 0.81. The between-groups analysis comparing biofeedback to a control condition yielded Hedges' g = 0.83. Moderator analyses revealed that treatment efficacy was not moderated by study year, risk of study bias, percentage of females, number of sessions, or presence of an anxiety disorder.ConclusionsHRV biofeedback training is associated with a large reduction in self-reported stress and anxiety. Although more well-controlled studies are needed, this intervention offers a promising approach for treating stress and anxiety with wearable devices.
PIC simulation of a two-foil vircator
Authors: Dubinov A.E. , Tarakanov V.P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractParticle-in-cell (PIC) simulation of a two-foil magnetoinsulated vircator is carried out. Evolution of electron phase portrait has been studied. Formation of two regions with a squeezed state of electron beam is observed, separated from each other by an electronic phase vortex. The power of two-foil vircator's microwave generation was calculated. It is demonstrated that in the phase vortex mode, the power of vircator's microwave radiation may excel the outcome power of a usual one-foil vircator by two times. The spectral characteristics of two-foil vircators were studied. It was found that it is necessary to change the energy of electrons for the variation of primary microwave generation frequency.
On-Scene and Final Assessments and Their Interrelationship Among Patients Who Use the EMS on Multiple Occasions
Authors: Tärnqvist Julia , Dahlén Erik , Norberg Gabriella , Magnusson Carl , Herlitz Johan , Strömsöe Anneli , Axelsson Christer , Andersson Hagiwara Magnus 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe use of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) is increasing. A number of patients call repeatedly for EMS. Early studies of frequent callers show that they form a heterogenous group.ProblemThere is a lack of research on frequent EMS callers. There is furthermore a lack of knowledge about characteristics and the prehospital assessment of the patients who call for EMS on several occasions. Finally, there is a general lack of knowledge with regard to the association between the prehospital assessment by health care providers and the final diagnosis.MethodPatients in Skaraborg in Western Sweden, who used the EMS at least four times in 2014, were included, excluding transport between hospitals. Information on the prehospital assessment on-scene and the final diagnosis was collected from the EMS and hospital case records.ResultsIn all, 339 individual patients who used the EMS on 1,855 occasions were included, accounting for five percent of all missions. Fifty percent were women. The age range was 10-98 years, but more than 50.0% were in the age range of 70-89 years.The most common emergency signs and symptoms (ESS) codes on the scene were dyspnea, chest pain, and abdominal pain. The most common final diagnosis was chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (eight percent).Thirteen percent of all cases had a final diagnosis defined as a potentially life-threatening condition. Among these, 22.0% of prehospital assessments were retrospectively judged as potentially inappropriate.Forty-nine percent had a defined final diagnosis not fulfilling the criteria for a potentially life-threatening condition. Among these cases, 30.0% of prehospital assessments were retrospectively judged as potentially inappropriate.Conclusion:Among patients who used EMS on multiple occasions, the most common symptoms on-scene were dyspnea, chest pain, and abdominal pain. The most common final diagnosis was chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In 13.0%, the final diagnosis of a potentially life-threatening condition was indicated. In a minority of these cases, the assessment on-scene was judged as potentially inappropriate.TärnqvistJ, DahlénE, NorbergG, MagnussonC, HerlitzJ, StrömsöeA, AxelssonC, Andersson HagiwaraM. On-scene and final assessments and their interrelationship among patients who use the EMS on multiple occasions. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(5):528–535.
Evaluation of the long-term safety and tolerability of cariprazine in patients with schizophrenia: results from a 1-year open-label study
Authors: Cutler Andrew J. , Durgam Suresh , Wang Yao , Migliore Raffaele , Lu Kaifeng , Laszlovszky István , Németh György 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveCariprazine, a dopamine D3/D2partial agonist atypical antipsychotic with preferential binding to D3receptors, is approved for the treatment of schizophrenia and manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder. The efficacy and safety of cariprazine was established in three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 6-week trials in patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia. This 53-week study evaluated the long-term safety and tolerability of cariprazine in patients with schizophrenia.MethodsThis was a multicenter, open-label, flexible-dose study of cariprazine 3–9 mg/d in adults with schizophrenia. Participants included new patients and patients who had completed one of two phase III lead-in studies (NCT01104766, NCT01104779). Eligible patients entered a no-drug screening period of up to 1 week followed by 48 weeks of flexibly dosed, open-label cariprazine treatment (3–9 mg/d) and 4 weeks of safety follow-up.ResultsA total of 586 patients received open-label cariprazine treatment, ~39% of whom completed the study. No unexpected safety issues or deaths were reported. The most common (≥10%) adverse events (AEs) observed were akathisia (16%), headache (13%), insomnia (13%), and weight gain (10%). Serious AEs occurred in 59 (10.1%) patients, and 73 (12.5%) patients discontinued the study due to AEs during open-label treatment. Mean changes in metabolic, hepatic, and cardiovascular parameters were not considered clinically relevant. Mean body weight increased by 1.5 kg during the study, prolactin levels decreased slightly, and measures of efficacy remained stable.ConclusionsLong-term cariprazine treatment at doses up to 9 mg/d appeared to be generally safe and well tolerated in patients with schizophrenia.
The Effect of Endogenous and Synthetic Estrogens on Whole Blood Clot Formation and Erythrocyte Structure
Authors: Swanepoel Albe C. , Emmerson Odette , Pretorius Etheresia 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAs erythrocyte and estrogens interact so closely and erythrocytes can indicate the healthiness of an individual, it is essential to investigate the effects of natural estrogens as well as synthetic estrogens on these cells. Whole blood samples were used for thromboelastography (TEG), light microscopy (LM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigation. Viscoelastic investigation with TEG revealed that estrogens affected the rate of clot formation without any significant effect on the strength or stability of the clot. Axial ratio analysis with LM showed a statistically significant increase in number of erythrocytes with decreased roundness. Morphological analysis with SEM confirmed the change in erythrocyte shape and revealed both ultrastructural membrane changes and erythrocyte interactions. As erythrocyte shape and membrane flexibility correlates to physiological functioning of these cells in circulation, these changes, indicative of possible eryptosis brought on by estrogens, when experienced by individuals with an underlying inflammatory or hematological illness, could impair erythrocyte functioning and even result in obstructions in circulation. In conclusion, we suggest that whole blood analysis with viscoelastic and morphological techniques could be used as assessment of the hematological healthiness of individuals using estrogens.
Effect of Progesterone and Synthetic Progestins on Whole Blood Clot Formation and Erythrocyte Structure
Authors: Swanepoel Albe C. , Emmerson Odette , Pretorius Etheresia 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCombined oral contraceptive (COC) use is a risk factor for venous thrombosis (VT) and related to the specific type of progestin used. VT is accompanied by inflammation and pathophysiological clot formation, that includes aberrant erythrocytes and fibrin(ogen) interactions. In this paper, we aim to determine the influence of progesterone and different synthetic progestins found in COCs on the viscoelasticity of whole blood clots, as well as erythrocyte morphology and membrane ultrastructure, in anin vitrolaboratory study. Thromboelastography (TEG), light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were our chosen methods. Our results point out that progestins influence the rate of whole blood clot formation. Alterations to erythrocyte morphology and membrane ultrastructure suggest the presence of eryptosis. We also note increased rouleaux formation, erythrocyte aggregation, and spontaneous fibrin formation in whole blood which may explain the increased risk of VT associated with COC use. Although not all COC users will experience a thrombotic event, individuals with a thrombotic predisposition, due to inflammatory or hematological illness, should be closely monitored to prevent pathological thrombosis.
Long-term beneficial outcome of fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for smaller and larger vestibular schwannomas
Authors: Sadik Zjiwar H. A. , Mendez Romero Alejandra , van Linge Anne , Dallenga Alof H. G. , Pauw Robert-Jan , Wolbers John G. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackground and purposeFractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) is an alternative treatment for large vestibular schwannomas (VS), if patients are not fit for or refuse surgery. In this study, we compared long-term clinical and radiological outcome in both small–medium sized and larger tumours.Material and methodsA retrospective study was performed of patients with sporadic VS who underwent primarily conventional FSRT. In total, 50 consecutive patients were divided into two groups by volume. Clinical and volumetric parameters were analysed.ResultsIn all, 41 patients (82%) had large tumours affecting the 4thventricle (modified Koos stage 4). Definitive expansion of VS occurred in eight out of 50 patients (16%). After 7·2 years (median) the overall freedom from clinical failure was 100% in smaller and 92% in larger schwannomas (arbitrarily sized >7·4 cc). Useful hearing was preserved in only 35% of the patients. The facial nerve remained intact in all cases, while new deficit of the trigeminal nerve occurred in 20% of the cases. Of the larger tumours 20% needed a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt.ConclusionsFSRT is a treatment in its own right as it is highly effective in both smaller and larger VS without causing permanent disabling complications. The outcome is beneficial also in larger tumours that affect the 4thventricle.
Psychological aspects of meaning-centered group psychotherapy: Spanish experience
Authors: Fraguell Clara , Limonero Joaquín T. , Gil Francisco 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTObjective:Our aim was to identify the themes that arise when applying adapted meaning-centered group psychotherapy (MCGP) in Spanish-speaking advanced cancer patients.Method:A mixed qualitative–quantitative analysis was performed on the transcripts of interviews with 22 advanced cancer patients who had been assigned to three MCGP subgroups.Results:We found six new emergent themes in addition to the originally constructed themes of MCGP. Threat and uncertainty were the two most frequent emergent issues for our Spanish patients.Significance of results:The implementation of MCGP in Spanish patients validated the themes proposed by Breitbart and colleagues' foundational work on MCGP and also suggested new issues relevant to patient well-being (classified as “emergent themes”). Taking our findings into account, we propose that these new themes be considered in the Spanish adaptation of MCGP as well as in future adaptations of this form of psychotherapy in treating Latin American patients.
Laws Relating to Planes Gliding in the Air
Authors: Pénaud Alphonse 
Published: May 2017

Newton, who was the first to study the resistance that fluids offer to a body moving in them, stated implicitly that the molecules of the fluid remained immovable up to the moment that the body touched them, and returned to a state of rest immediately afterwards.He found that the resistance experienced by a flat surface was proportionate, 1° to its extent, 2° to the density of the fluid, 3° to the square of the velocity, 4° to the square of the sine of the angle of incidence, and 5° that it is normal to the surface. It was, however, soon discovered that this theory, altogether empirical, was often at discord with what experience taught, and a great number of experimental researches have been made at different periods in order to throw further light on the subject.
Upon the employment of Oxygen mixed with Atmospheric Air in Respiration
Authors: Gaudin M. A. 
Published: May 2017

Apropos of the very remarkable effects of the respiration of atmospheric air enriched with oxygen confirmed by MM. Crocé-Spinelli and Sivel during their last aérostatic ascent, I remember to have obtained some long time since very analagous results.This was in the year 1832, on the occasion of the great epidemic of cholera. A young physician employed me to administer to the cholera-patients of the ambulance of the Rue Grange-Batelière pure oxygen to assist in producing re-action. We operated upon the sick in the last stage of the malady, and some were saved by the employment of this means.
Activity-based protein profiling as a robust method for enzyme identification and screening in extremophilic Archaea
Authors: Zweerink Susanne , Kallnik Verena , Ninck Sabrina , Nickel Sabrina , Verheyen Julia , Blum Marcel , Wagner Alexander , Feldmann Ingo , Sickmann Albert , Albers Sonja-Verena , Bräsen Christopher , Kaschani Farnusch , Siebers Bettina , Kaiser Markus 
Published: May 2017

AbstractArchaea are characterized by a unique life style in often environmental extremes but their thorough investigation is currently hampered by a limited set of suitable in vivo research methodologies. Here, we demonstrate that in vivo activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) may be used to sensitively detect either native or heterogeneously expressed active enzymes in living archaea even under these extreme conditions. In combination with the development of a genetically engineered archaeal screening strain, ABPP can furthermore be used in functional enzyme screenings from (meta)genome samples. We anticipate that our ABPP approach may therefore find application in basic archaeal research but also in the discovery of novel enzymes from (meta)genome libraries.
Genome sequencing and population genomic analyses provide insights into the adaptive landscape of silver birch
Authors: Salojärvi Jarkko , Smolander Olli-Pekka , Nieminen Kaisa , Rajaraman Sitaram , Safronov Omid , Safdari Pezhman , Lamminmäki Airi , Immanen Juha , Lan Tianying , Tanskanen Jaakko , Rastas Pasi , Amiryousefi Ali , Jayaprakash Balamuralikrishna , Kammonen Juhana I , Hagqvist Risto , Eswaran Gugan , Ahonen Viivi Helena , Serra Juan Alonso , Asiegbu Fred O , de Dios Barajas-Lopez Juan , Blande Daniel , Blokhina Olga , Blomster Tiina , Broholm Suvi , Brosché Mikael , Cui Fuqiang , Dardick Chris , Ehonen Sanna E , Elomaa Paula , Escamez Sacha , Fagerstedt Kurt V , Fujii Hiroaki , Gauthier Adrien , Gollan Peter J , Halimaa Pauliina , Heino Pekka I , Himanen Kristiina , Hollender Courtney , Kangasjärvi Saijaliisa , Kauppinen Leila , Kelleher Colin T , Kontunen-Soppela Sari , Koskinen J Patrik , Kovalchuk Andriy , Kärenlampi Sirpa O , Kärkönen Anna K , Lim Kean-Jin , Leppälä Johanna , Macpherson Lee , Mikola Juha , Mouhu Katriina , Mähönen Ari Pekka , Niinemets Ülo , Oksanen Elina , Overmyer Kirk , Palva E Tapio , Pazouki Leila , Pennanen Ville , Puhakainen Tuula , Poczai Péter , Possen Boy J H M , Punkkinen Matleena , Rahikainen Moona M , Rousi Matti , Ruonala Raili , van der Schoot Christiaan , Shapiguzov Alexey , Sierla Maija , Sipilä Timo P , Sutela Suvi , Teeri Teemu H , Tervahauta Arja I , Vaattovaara Aleksia , Vahala Jorma , Vetchinnikova Lidia , Welling Annikki , Wrzaczek Michael , Xu Enjun , Paulin Lars G , Schulman Alan H , Lascoux Martin , Albert Victor A , Auvinen Petri , Helariutta Ykä , Kangasjärvi Jaakko 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Silver birch (Betula pendula) is a pioneer boreal tree that can be induced to flower within 1 year. Its rapid life cycle, small (440-Mb) genome, and advanced germplasm resources make birch an attractive model for forest biotechnology. We assembled and chromosomally anchored the nuclear genome of an inbred B. pendula individual. Gene duplicates from the paleohexaploid event were enriched for transcriptional regulation, whereas tandem duplicates were overrepresented by environmental responses. Population resequencing of 80 individuals showed effective population size crashes at major points of climatic upheaval. Selective sweeps were enriched among polyploid duplicates encoding key developmental and physiological triggering functions, suggesting that local adaptation has tuned the timing of and cross-talk between fundamental plant processes. Variation around the tightly-linked light response genes PHYC and FRS10 correlated with latitude and longitude and temperature, and with precipitation for PHYC. Similar associations characterized the growth-promoting cytokinin response regulator ARR1, and the wood development genes KAK and MED5A.
The zinc-finger transcriptional factor Slug transcriptionally downregulates ERα by recruiting lysine-specific demethylase 1 in human breast cancer
Authors: Bai J-W , Chen M-N , Wei X-L , Li Y-Ch , Lin H-Y , Chen M , Li J-W , Du C-W , Man K , Zhang G-J 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEstrogen receptor α (ERα) is related with epithelial–mesenchymal transition, invasion and metastasis, and serves as an important therapeutic predictor and prognostic factor in breast cancer patients. The triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by loss of hormone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2), and lacks effective targeted therapy with poor prognosis. Unfortunately, the molecular mechanisms of ERα deficiency, which becomes hormone independent and results in resistance to endocrine therapy, remain to be elucidated in breast cancer. In this study, we observed an inverse correlation between Slug, a zinc-finger transcriptional repressor, and ERα expression in both human breast cancer tissues and cell lines. In ERα-negative breast cancer patients, high Slug messenger RNA expression showed obviously shorter relapse-free survival. We found that Slug binds to the E-box located in the promoter of estrogen receptor 1 gene (ESR1) to suppress its expression. More specifically, Slug recruits lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) to the E-box and thereby inhibits ERα expression by demethylating H3K4me2, which is evidenced by the interaction between Slug and LSD1. Moreover, the amount of H3K4me2 binding to the E-box was significantly increased after LSD1 knockdown in MDA-MB-231 cells. Functionally, the ability to proliferate, invade and metastasize was significantly suppressed after knockdown of either Slug or LSD1 alone, or both simultaneously. Taken together, these results suggest that Slug transcriptionally inhibits ERα expression by recruiting LSD1 to the ESR1 promoter in breast cancers. Thus, targeted inhibition of Slug and LSD1 may restore ERα and lead to resensitization to hormone therapy, providing a novel therapeutic strategy for ERα-negative breast cancer patients, especially for TNBC.