bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High spectral-efficiency, ultra-low MIMO SDM transmission over a field-deployed multi-core OAM fiber
Authors: Liu Junyi , Mo Shuqin , Xu Zengquan , Huang Yuming , Huang Yining , Li Zhenhua , Guo Yuying , Shen Lei , Xu Shuo , Gao Ran , Du Cheng , Feng Qian , Luo Jie , Liu Jie , Yu Siyuan 
Published: October 2024

Space-division multiplexing (SDM) systems based on few-mode multi-core fibers (FM-MCFs) utilize both spatial channels (fiber cores) and modes (optical modes per core) to maximize transmission capacity. Unlike laboratory FM-MCFs or field-deployed single-mode multi-core fibers (SM-MCFs), SDM transmissions over field-deployed FM-MCFs in outdoor settings have not been reported. Therefore, concerns remain that environmental interference and cabling stress could worsen inter-core and intra-core modal crosstalk and impact the performance of SDM systems over FM-MCFs. In this paper, we demonstrate successful bidirectional SDM transmission over a 5-km, field-deployed seven ring-core fiber (7-RCF) with a cladding diameter of 178 μm. Our measurements show no significant differences in attenuation and mode coupling compared to pre-cabling conditions, confirming the fiber’s resilience to environmental disturbances and adaptability to cable deployment. Using the field-deployed 7-RCF, bi-directional SDM transmission is implemented, achieving spectral efficiency (SE) of 2×201.6 bit/(s Hz) which sets a new record in field-deployed fiber cables that is a tenfold increase over previous systems. Furthermore, these results were achieved using a small-scale 4×4 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) scheme with a time-domain equalization (TDE) tap number not exceeding 15. These results demonstrate the substantial potential of using SDM techniques to significantly enhance SE and expand capacity in practical fiber-optic transmission applications.
Inhibition of long non-coding RNA NEAT1 suppressed the epithelial mesenchymal transition through the miR-204-5p/Six1 axis in asthma
Authors: Li Lei , Li Guoju , Guan Renzheng , Ma Hui , Xing Quansheng 
Published: October 2024

Background
Asthma, a prevalent chronic respiratory condition, is characterized by airway remodeling. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) NEAT1 has been demonstrated to participate in airway fibrosis. Furthermore, the miR-204-5p/Six1 axis significantly influences epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the function of NEAT1/miR-204-5p/Six1 in asthmatic EMT remains unclear.

Purpose
This study intends to elucidate the function of NEAT1/miR-204-5p/Six1 axis in asthmatic EMT.

Methods
TGF-β1 was used to induce the EMT model in BEAS-2B cells. Immunofluorescence and western blot were executed to verify the establishment of the EMT model. NEAT1, miR-204-5p, and Six1 expression levels were evaluated using RT-qPCR. The role of NEAT1 in EMT in vitro was explored by CCK8 assays and flow cytometry. The luciferase reporter assay was performed to validate the interaction between NEAT1 and miR-204-5p/Six1.

Results
NEAT1 expression was increased during EMT. Functional experiments showed that the knockdown of NEAT1 suppressed cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis in vitro. Furthermore, inhibition of NEAT1 decreased the expression of N-cadherin, vimentin, and α-SMA and increased the expression of E-cadherin. Mechanistically, NEAT1 was identified as a sponge for miR-204-5p, and Six1 was found to be a direct target of miR-204-5p.

Conclusion
Down-regulation of NEAT1 reduced the Six1 expression via targeting miR-204-5p to inhibit the process of EMT in asthma. This study may provide new insight to reveal the underlying mechanisms of asthma.
Refinement of Hy Law Using the Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network Database
Authors: Barritt A. Sidney , Hayashi Paul H. , Stolz Andrew A. , Barnhart Huiman , Hoofnagle Jay H. ,   for the Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN)
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Hyman Zimmerman observed that hepatocellular (HC) drug-induced liver injury (DILI) with jaundice had a mortality rate of ≥ 10% (Hy Law). Hy Law does not specify the timing of liver tests nor the definition of HC DILI versus cholestatic or mixed (C/M) DILI. We aimed to assess the validity of Hy Law in the prospective DILI Network (DILIN) cohort.

METHODS:
Drugs with ≥10 confirmed DILI cases with jaundice were analyzed. Four permutations of Hy Law were applied: R ≥ 5 using initial (1) or peak (2) alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase levels, and the Food and Drug Administration associated criteria of alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase ≥ 3x upper limit of normal with alkaline phosphatase ≤ 2x upper limit of normal using initial (3) or peak values (4). Mortality was death or liver transplant adjudicated to be due to DILI.

RESULTS:
Using initial R values, mortality was 11.1% for HC vs 2.0% for C/M (P < 0.001); using peak R values, mortality was 10.3% vs 1.6% (P < 0.001). Using Food and Drug Administration-associated definition, mortality was 7.9% vs 3.9% (P = 0.04) using initial values and 7.9% vs 3.0% (P = 0.01) using peak values. Using initial R values, drugs that frequently caused HC injury generally had mortality rates ≥ 10%, while drugs that typically caused C/M injury all had rates < 10%. Occasional agents that caused HC injury with jaundice were associated with low mortality.

DISCUSSION:
Initial R values were the most reliable means of identifying Hy Law cases. There were some drugs that caused HC injury with jaundice but with mortality rates < 10%. Refinement of Hy Law is warranted.
Does Rigorous Government Regulation on Nonprofits Improve Their Outputs? Evidence from China
Authors: Lyu Cuili , Xie Shun , Li Ying 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study mainly takes China as an example to explore the logic between government regulation and outputs of nonprofit organizations in the context of authoritarian countries. Based on the theory of embeddedness and organizational legitimacy, using the panel data of 29 mainland provinces from 2010 to 2019, and applying the fixed effect model, it is found that government regulation has a positive effect on outputs of non-profit organizations. However, it is also found that there exists a single threshold, only government regulation intensity keeps in a certain range, the positive effect is made. Further research finds that government regulation positively impacts nonprofit outputs through encouraging social donations. Our findings fill the gap of exploring the logic between government regulation and nonprofits outputs, giving some enlightenment to regulators of similar regimes countries. We also have improved the current government regulation theory based on legitimacy and embeddedness theory empirically, extended and enriched embeddedness theory.
Rethinking Organismic Unity: Object-Oriented Ontology and the Human Microbiome
Authors: Young Niki , Lanfranco Sandro 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In recent years, a vast array of thinkers have been invested in challenging the long-standing binary division between the human and nonhuman. The notion of the human microbiome especially attests to the truth of such a complication, since current research in biology strongly suggests that we are at the very least as much microbe as we are human and that the number of microorganisms in the human body outnumber distinctly human cells considerably. In this article, we aim to bring the biological notion of the human microbiome in dialogue with Object-Oriented Ontology (OOO) so as to ultimately show that there can be a fruitful exchange of ideas between the two currents of microbiome research and OOO more specifically, and that Graham Harman’s top-down account of objective emergence can be fruitfully a bottom-up approach according to which the parts of an object also impact and constrain the whole.
The Neural Orchestra: Cognitive Instrumentalities
Authors: Brittan Francesca 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Over the past several decades, the field of cognitive neuroscience has drawn with increasing frequency on the figure of the “neural orchestra,” a metaphor mapping the activities of localized cortical areas onto sections of a musical ensemble. Popularized by (among others) the neuroscientist Elkhonon Goldberg, the trope is often hailed by contemporary scientists as a new invention—a modern alternative to computational paradigms of cognition. And yet, as I argue here, the concept of the brain orchestra is far from new. Neural-orchestral cartographies originated in the phrenological theory of Franz Joseph Gall in the 1810s, then threaded through medical, ethnographic, anthropological, and pedagogical writing of the later nineteenth century, from the phreno-magnetic tracts of Mariano Cubí y Soler to the psychiatric diagnoses of Théodule-Armand Ribot. Fusing metaphysical concepts of harmony with theories of hierarchical cerebral organology, symphonic minds were products of an epistemological overlap between neural and musical discourses. Crucial to both domains was the newly powerful figure of the podium conductor, conceived as an overarching form of attentional control yoking players into powerful cognitive, musical, and political wholes. The result was a musical neurophysiology refracted through the lenses of imperial technocracy and authoritarian forms of centralization. Today, the historical and neuropolitical forces that generated the Romantic mind orchestra have been largely forgotten, but they continue to exert a spectral influence, hovering behind our conception of the “well-conducted mind,” our descriptions of “orchestrated” attention, and our psychopolitical fear of distraction.
Characteristics and Utilization of Hospitalizations Among Children With Medical Complexity
Authors: Money Nathan M. , Michelson Kenneth A. , Ramgopal Sriram 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
Hospitalizations for children with medical complexity (CMC) have increased substantially over the past 2 decades and constitute a disproportionate percentage of hospitalization rates and costs among children. We sought to describe the etiology and utilization for hospitalizations of CMC using the Pediatric Clinical Classification System (PECCS).

METHODS
Using the 2019 Kids’ Inpatient Database, we classified hospitalizations for CMC using the PECCS, which groups diagnoses into mutually exclusive, pediatric-specific categories. For the medical, surgical, and medical/surgical PECCS clinical groups, we reported diagnosis groups accounting for ≥1% of hospital encounters for that group. We described admission frequency, cost, payer, length of stay, and mortality rates within each diagnosis grouping using survey-weighted statistics.

RESULTS
We identified 2 315 743 nonlivebirth hospitalizations, of which 712 139 (30.8%) were for CMC. Most (94.4%) hospitalizations occurred at a teaching hospital. Medical diagnosis comprised most hospitalizations (69.2%), whereas hospitalizations for surgical and medical/surgical conditions had a higher median cost. The most common diagnosis groups overall were encounters for chemotherapy, diabetic ketoacidosis, and respiratory failure, whereas the costliest were for necrotizing enterocolitis, transposition of the great vessels, and hypoplastic left heart syndrome.

CONCLUSIONS
We evaluated the most common diagnoses and their associated resource use for hospitalized CMC using the PECCS, providing a more granular view on the etiology, utilization, cost, and outcomes of hospitalizations for CMC. These topics represent high-impact areas for further research and quality efforts for CMC.
Exploring the composition and corrosion resistance in hybrid-modified Ti13Nb13Zr alloy
Authors: Sypniewska Joanna , Szkodo Marek , Majkowska-Marzec Beata , Mielewczyk-Gryń Aleksandra Dorota 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHybrid modification, combining Nd: YAG laser and micro-arc oxidation, enhances biomaterials like titanium alloys by improving biocompatibility and corrosion resistance. This study investigates the chemical composition of modified surfaces and their performance in corrosion tests, with implications for implantology. Results show that hybrid treatment improves ion implantation efficiency and corrosion resistance compared to MAO alone, offering promising benefits for the Ti13Nb13Zr alloy. For instance, the Nd: YAG (1000W)-MAO modification exhibits superior corrosion resistance compared to other methods.
Graphical abstract
Diversão ou Armadilha? Um estudo exploratório das Apostas Esportivas (Bets) entre Universitários Brasileiros sob a Lente da Teoria do Comportamento Planejado (TCP)
Authors: Sameer El Khatib Ahmed 
Published: October 2024

O mercado de apostas esportivas no Brasil (Bets) passou por transformações significativas nos últimos cinco anos, especialmente após a recente regulamentação que busca trazer mais segurança e transparência ao setor. A legalização das apostas, sancionada com a Lei 14.790 em dezembro de 2023, marca um novo capítulo, permitindo que empresas operem tanto online quanto em estabelecimentos físicos. Essa mudança é crucial, pois o Brasil, com sua paixão pelo futebol e uma população de mais de 214 milhões de habitantes, apresenta um enorme potencial para o crescimento desse mercado, que já é avaliado em mais de R$ 100 bilhões, especialmente na população mais jovem. O presente artigo analisou os fatores que afetam a intenção comportamental e as práticas de apostas esportivas entre jovens brasileiros, utilizando a Teoria do Comportamento Planejado (TCP) como plataforma teórica. Além disso, a pesquisa investigou como a gravidade do jogo problemático modera as relações entre os componentes da TCP, a intenção de apostar e o comportamento de apostas em esportes. Os dados foram coletados de 814 jovens universitários de quatro instituições diferentes no Brasil e foram analisados por meio de modelagem de equações estruturais com mínimos quadrados parciais (PLS-SEM) e análise multigrupo. Os resultados mostraram que a atitude em relação às apostas foi o fator mais influente nas intenções de apostar em esportes, seguida pelas normas subjetivas. A intenção comportamental e o controle percebido também se mostraram preditores significativos do comportamento de apostas. O estudo revelou efeitos moderadores importantes da gravidade do jogo problemático, com normas subjetivas sendo mais impactantes entre os jovens com maior gravidade de problemas relacionados ao Transtorno do Jogo (TJ) e Jogo Problemático (JPR), enquanto a atitude se destacou como o principal preditor entre apostadores recreativos. O artigo também discute recomendações para programas de prevenção e tratamento voltados para apostas esportivas e jogos problemáticos, assuntos ainda negligenciados no Brasil.
Using an artificial neural network to predict biliary fistula after pancreaticoduodenal resection
Authors: Suvorov V. A. , Panin S. I. , Kovalenko N. V. , Zhavoronkova V. V. , Postolov M. P. , Linchenko D. V. , Panova A. V. , Voronina A. S. 
Published: October 2024

Aim. To determine the risk factors of biliary fistula after pancreaticoduodenal resection.Materials and methods. 128 pancreaticoduodenal resections were performed in the period of 2018–2023. Biliary fistula was predicted using a neural network and logistic regression. Prediction accuracy was evaluated by ROC analysis (Receiver Operator Characteristics). The DeLong test was used to compare ROC curves.Results. Biliary fistula developed in 16 patients (12.5%). Univariate analysis showed that risk factors of biliary fistula included the patient's age >70 years, Charlson comorbidity index >7 points, diabetes mellitus, postsurgical anemia, common bile duct diameter <5 mm, and pancreatic fistula. In multivariate analysis, diabetes mellitus, common bile duct diameter <5 mm, and anemia after pancreaticoduodenal resection increased the risk of biliary fistula. A prognostic multivariate model of biliary fistula development, constructed using an artificial neural network demonstrated higher sensitivity (87.5%) and specificity (95.5%) compared to the logistic regression model (68.8% and 90.2%; p = 0.03).Conclusion. The use of neural networks in predictive analysis of pancreaticoduodenal resection results can increase the efficiency of biliary fistula prediction.
Liver transplantation for unresectable Klatskin tumor: experience of two centers, first distant results
Authors: Granov D. A. , Zhuikov V. N. , Tileubergenov I. I. , Moiseenko A. V. , Rutkin I. O. , Sheraliev A. R. , Polikarpov A. A. , Rummo O. O. , Shcherba A. E. , Shturich I. P. , Korotkov S. V. , Kirkovsky L. V. , Chernishov T. M. 
Published: October 2024

Aim. Evaluation of the first distant results of the combined experience of liver transplantation for unresectable portal cholangiocarcinoma from two large specialized clinical centers.Materials and methods. In total, 23 attempts at liver transplantation for unresectable Klatskin tumor were undertaken. Out of them, 10 were conducted at the A.M. Granov Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies (Granov Center), and 13 were conducted at the Minsk Scientific and Practical Center for Surgery, Transplantology, and Hematology (Minsk Center). The maximum tumor size was 5 and 3 cm in patients operated at the Granov and Minsk Centers, respectively. In the Granov Center, neoadjuvant therapy included a combination of endobiliary photodynamic therapy, regional and systemic chemotherapy. Patients were included in the waiting list only in cases of decreased tumor marker levels and in the absence of disease progression and acute cholangitis. In the Minsk Center, stereotactic radiotherapy was used for neoadjuvant treatment in the absence of active cholangitis; the first 3 patients underwent liver transplantation without prior neoadjuvant treatment.Results. Due to disease progression, six patients were excluded. In three patients at the Mink Center, the diagnosis was not morphologically confirmed after liver transplantation. A total of 14 liver transplantations were performed for unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma. After neoadjuvant treatment at the Granov Center, normalization of the CA19-9 marker was observed in four patients, its decrease by 3–4 times was observed in two patients. Liver transplantation was performed in six patients. The average time from the onset of treatment to transplantation was 9.1 months (6–14). Out of the six patients, one was alive for 34 months, with the median overall survival being 22.2 months. Progression was the cause of death in only one patient. Out of the three patients without neoadjuvant treatment at the Minsk Center, two were alive at 16 and 134 months without progression. One patient died after transplantation from disease progression at 24 months. Stereotactic radiotherapy achieved normalization of CA19-9 in four patients; its twofold reduction was observed in one patient. The average time from the onset of treatment to transplantation was six months (3–12). The average CA19-9 tumor marker level by the time of transplantation was 11.3 IU/mL. At 20–26 months, three patients were alive without evidence of disease progression; two patients died of progression after 9 and 59 months.Conclusion. Liver transplantation for unresectable portal cholangiocarcinoma after neoadjuvant treatment regardless of the methods used is highly promising in carefully selected recipients.
Reconstructive interventions on bile ducts in patients with benign obstructive jaundice
Authors: Semash K. O. , Dzhanbekov T. A , Akbarov M. M. , Gaybullaev T. Z. 
Published: October 2024

Aim. To evaluate immediate and long-term results of surgical reconstruction of the biliary system in various types of benign obstructive jaundice.Materials and methods. The study enrolled 110 patients with choledocholithiasis, iatrogenic biliary strictures, common bile duct strictures, as well as strictures of biliodigestive and biliobiliary anastomoses. Patients were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 included 43 patients with multiple choledocholithiasis and bile duct dilatation >15 mm. Group 2 enrolled 35 patients with multiple choledocholithiasis and hepaticolithiasis who were intraoperatively diagnosed with stricture, injury, or pressure ulcers of the common bile duct wall. Group 3 included 32 patients with cicatricial and iatrogenic biliary strictures. The immediate and long-term results of surgical treatment were compared.Results. In group 1, the survival rate comprised 89.4%, the average duration of surgery amounted to 137 minutes, complications involved wound infection, bile leakage, bile peritonitis. In group 2, the survival rate accounted for 91.4%, the average duration of surgery comprised 192 minutes; strictures of biliodigestive anastomosis were detected in the remote period, and reconstructive surgeries were performed. Group 3 revealed the survival rate of 100%, the average duration of surgery of 215 minutes, and no complications in the long term.Conclusion. The diameter of the common bile duct, its wall changes, size of gallstones, signs of cholangitis, patency of the bile papilla, and localization of biliary stricture determine the surgical tactics, when performing biliary reconstruction in patients with non-cancerous obstructive jaundice. In case minimally invasive surgery is found impossible under conditions of multiple choledocholithiasis, common bile duct diameter >15 mm, and preservation of its wall, choledocholithotomy with Kerr drainage is considered to be optimal. In case of damage to the CBD wall and patency of the bile papilla, preference shall be given to hepaticoenterostomy. Bile duct reconstruction with stent drainage is indicated for treatment of cicatricial and iatrogenic biliary strictures.
Bone health in crisis: Addressing Vitamin D deficiency in orthopedic practice
Authors: Lakhani Amit , Pal Satinder , Karan  
Published: October 2024

Vitamin D deficiency is increasingly recognized as a major contributor to musculoskeletal conditions, particularly in pediatric populations. This review focuses on the role of vitamin D in bone health, highlighting its deficiency as a key factor in the development of conditions such as rickets, osteomalacia, skeletal deformities, and an elevated risk of fractures. Vitamin D is essential for calcium and phosphate homeostasis, which are crucial for bone mineralization and growth. A deficiency disrupts these processes, leading to soft, weak bones and a range of orthopedic issues.Children with vitamin D deficiency often present with musculoskeletal pain, delayed growth, bowing of the legs, and recurrent fractures, all of which can have long-term consequences if not addressed early. Diagnostic approaches, including serum vitamin D measurement, radiographic evaluation, and bone mineral density assessment, are critical for timely identification. Treatment typically involves vitamin D supplementation, dietary adjustments, and lifestyle changes, such as increased exposure to sunlight.This review highlights the importance of early recognition and management of vitamin D deficiency within orthopedic practice to prevent severe musculoskeletal complications. By addressing this deficiency proactively, orthopedic practitioners can play a vital role in improving bone health and preventing lifelong orthopedic disabilities.