bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous CP violation in supersymmetric QCD
Authors: Nakagawa Shota , Nakai Yuichiro , Wang Yaoduo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We investigate a composite model of spontaneous CP violation based on a new supersymmetric QCD as a solution to the strong CP problem. The scalar components of the meson chiral superfields obtain complex vacuum expectation values to break CP symmetry spontaneously. Then, wavefunction renormalization for the quark kinetic terms provides the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) phase, while the strong CP phase $$ \overline{\theta} $$

θ
¯

is protected by nonrenormalization of the superpotential and hermiticity of the wavefunction renormalization factor. In our model, the right-handed down-type quark multiplets are given by composite states, enhancing their couplings to CP breaking fields, which is essential to realize the observed CKM phase. The non-perturbative dynamics generates the scale of spontaneous CP violation hierarchically lower than the Planck scale. We discuss potential corrections to $$ \overline{\theta} $$

θ
¯

and find a viable parameter space of the model to solve the strong CP problem without fine-tuning.
Effect of seven baking lipases on the lipid class composition of three different cakes
Authors: Stemler Charlotte Dorothea , Hoefflin Katharina Lea , Scherf Katharina Anne 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Lipases are effective clean-label improvers for the baking quality of cake. Insights into lipase activities in different cake formulations in combination with the effect on batter/dough and baking quality are needed to further reveal the underlying mechanisms. Therefore, a method using normal phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to an evaporative light scattering detector was adapted and validated for the five most abundant lipid classes in three common cake recipes, namely triacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, monoacylglycerols, glycerophosphocholine and lysoglycerophosphocholine. The method revealed total changes of 0.2 mg/g to 186.5 mg/g in lipid class content per dry weight after lipase treatments. Comparative investigations on batter/dough and products of basic cake, pound cake and brioche without or with addition of seven lipases showed that the substrate specificity of lipases is the decisive factor for their effectiveness regarding improved dough and product quality. A high lipase activity only supported already matching substrate specificities.

Graphical abstract
Patient safety incidents in paediatric radiology: how to care for the professional?
Authors: Nievelstein Rutger A. J. , Hennus Marije P. , van Dam Marjel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPatient safety incidents in paediatric radiology have profound impacts not only on the patient and their family, but also on the well-being and professional practice of healthcare professionals. These incidents, which range from procedural and diagnostic incidents to serious adverse events leading to harm or even death of the patient, may evoke feelings of distress, guilt, and anxiety among paediatric radiologists (in-training), ultimately affecting their confidence and ability to deliver high-quality care. Recognizing the importance of addressing these challenges, healthcare organizations should implement strategies to support professionals in coping with and learning from these incidents. By fostering a culture of open communication, providing access to peer support, and offering structured debriefing and educational opportunities, healthcare institutions can help mitigate the psychological toll of patient safety incidents and promote resilience among their staff. This article examines the multifaceted impacts of patient safety incidents on paediatric radiologists (in-training) and their staff and outlines effective approaches for handling these incidents to support professional well-being and enhance patient safety.
Graphical abstract
The observation that older men suffer from hip fracture at DXA T-scores higher than older women and a proposal of a new low BMD category, osteofrailia, for predicting fracture risk in older men
Authors: Wáng Yì Xiáng J. , Xiao Ben-Heng , Leung Jason C. S. , Griffith James F. , Aparisi Gómez Maria Pilar , Bazzocchi Alberto , Diacinti Davide , Chan Wing P. , Guermazi Ali , Kwok Timothy C. Y. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe clinical significance of osteoporosis lies in the occurrence of fragility fractures (FFx), and the most relevant fracture site is the hip. The T-score is defined as follows: (BMDpatient–BMDyoung adult mean)/SDyoung adult population, where BMD is bone mineral density and SD is the standard deviation. When the femoral neck (FN) is measured in adult Caucasian women, a cutpoint value of patient BMD of 2.5 SD below the young adult mean BMD results in a prevalence the same as the lifetime risk of hip FFx for Caucasian women. The FN T-score criterion for classifying osteoporosis in older Caucasian men has been provisionally recommended to be − 2.5, but debates remain. Based on a systematic literature review, we noted that older men suffer from hip FFx at a FN T-score approximately 0.5–0.6 higher than older women. While the mean hip FFx FN T-score of around − 2.9 for women lies below − 2.5, the mean hip FF FN T-score of around − 2.33 for men lies above − 2.5. This is likely associated with that older male populations have a higher mean T-score than older female populations. We propose a new category of low BMD status, osteofrailia, for older Caucasian men with T-score ≤  − 2 (T-score ≤  − 2.1 for older Chinese men) who are likely to suffer from hip FFx. The group with T-score ≤  − 2 for older Caucasian men is comparable in prevalence to the group with T-score ≤  − 2.5 for older Caucasian women. However, older men in such category on average have only half the FFx risk as that of older women with osteoporotic T-score.
Evaluating the impact of surgery sequence on infection rates in hip or knee arthroplasty: does sequence matter?
Authors: Ruangsomboon Pakpoom , Ruangsomboon Onlak , Tomescu Sebastian , Rahman Cristal , Pincus Daniel , Ravi Bheeshma 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The potential influence of surgical sequence of elective hip-and-knee reconstructive surgery in relation to an infection-related procedure on postoperative infection rates is not clearly understood. Therefore, we aimed to examine the impact of surgical sequence on the incidence of postoperative infections within one-year and the longest available follow-up period in patients undergoing hip-and-knee reconstructive surgery.

Methods
A case-control study with propensity matching was utilized to examine elective surgeries conducted at Sunnybrook Holland Orthopaedic & Arthritic centre, Toronto, Canada between 2015 and 2018. We determined and categorized them based on their operating room (OR) sequence in relation to an infected case; the cases were those performed right after (post-infection cohort), and the controls were those performed before an infection-related procedure in the same OR (pre-infection cohort). We employed survival analysis to compare the infection incidence within one year and at the longest available follow-up among the propensity-matched cohort.

Results
A total of 13,651 cases were identified during the four year period. We successfully matched 153 cases (21 post-infection and 132 pre-infection) using propensity scores. Demographic and clinical characteristics were balanced through matching. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed no significant difference in infection-free survival within one year and at a median follow-up of 2.2 years [interquartile range 0.9-5.0] between surgeries conducted before and after infected cases (both log-rank p-values = 0.4). The hazard ratios for infection within one year and the longest follow-up period were both 0.37 [95%Confidence Interval 0.03–4.09, p = 0.418], as no more events occurred after one year.

Conclusion
The sequence of surgical procedures, whether or not an elective arthroplasty or lower limb reconstructive procedure occurs before or after an infection-related case in the same OR, does not significantly affect postoperative infection rates. This finding supports the efficacy of the current infection control measures and suggests a reconsideration of surgical scheduling standards.
Exploring the Implementation of UNESCO’s MAB Program in South Africa: A Case Study of the Cape Winelands Biosphere Reserve
Authors: Klaver Michael , Currie Bianca , Sekonya James G. , Coetzer Kaera 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Man and the Biosphere Program (MAB) responds to challenges of the Anthropocene through an explicit social-ecological approach. Implemented as a world network of biosphere reserves, MAB aims to increase [eco]system sustainability and resilience globally, via individual model sites for learning and sustainable development. This research provides an in-depth case study of MAB implementation in South Africa using the Cape Winelands Biosphere Reserve (CWBR), established in 2007 when a key MAB guiding policy, the Madrid Action Plan came into effect. The study utilized semi-structured in-depth interviews with strategic and operational management, and document analysis. The CWBR prioritizes their role as a landscape coordinator, a driver of socio-economic development and site in which humans derive benefits from healthy natural environments. The CWBR have adopted a non-profit organization cooperative governance model in support of this vision, fulfilling the socio-economic development function primarily through successful international partnerships. Challenges faced include a perceived lack of sufficient government support, limited stakeholder awareness and insufficient resources for project implementation. Over reliance on the pillar of their model, the chief executive officer in the current governance form, is an instrument in their effectiveness, yet carries significant risk. These are learnings useful for other biosphere reserves translating an international designation for a local context.
Real-world response assessment of immune checkpoint inhibition: comparing iRECIST and RECIST 1.1 in melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Nelles Christian , Gräf Moritz , Bernard Pascale , Persigehl Thorsten , Große Hokamp Nils , Zopfs David , Maintz David , Kreuzberg Nicole , Wolf Jürgen , Bröckelmann Paul J. , Lennartz Simon 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To compare immune response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (iRECIST) and response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) 1.1 for response assessment of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in a real-world setting in patients with melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods
Two-hundred fifty-two patients with melanoma and NSCLC who received CTLA-4 inhibitor ipilimumab or PD-1 inhibitors nivolumab or pembrolizumab and who underwent staging CT of the chest and abdomen were retrospectively included. Treatment response evaluation according to the RECIST 1.1 and iRECIST guidelines was performed for all patients. Response patterns, as well as overall response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and time to progression (TTP), were compared between RECIST 1.1 and iRECIST.

Results
Out of 143 patients with progressive disease (PD) according to RECIST 1.1, 48 (33.6%) did not attain confirmation of progression (iCPD) as per iRECIST and six patients who were treated beyond RECIST 1.1 progression reached PD at a later point in time in iRECIST, resulting in a significant difference in TTP between iRECIST and RECIST 1.1 (618.3 ± 626.9 days vs. 538.1 ± 617.9 days, respectively (p < 0.05)). The number of non-responders as per RECIST 1.1 was 79, whereas it was 60 when using iRECIST. ORR was 28.5% for RECIST 1.1 and 34.1% for iRECIST, and corresponding DCR of 67.4% for RECIST 1.1 and 74.6% for iRECIST.

Conclusion
iRECIST was more suitable than RECIST 1.1 for capturing atypical response patterns to ICI therapy in patients with melanoma and NSCLC, resulting in differences in the assessment of treatment response.

Clinical relevance statement
Compared to RECIST 1.1, iRECIST may improve patient care and treatment decisions for patients with NSCLC or melanoma who are treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors in clinical routine.

Key Points

RECIST 1.1 may incorrectly assess atypical treatment patterns to immune checkpoint inhibitors.

iRECIST better captured atypical response patterns compared to RECIST 1.1.

iRECIST was more suitable for assessing response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung carcinoma and melanoma.
A 10-year retrospective analysis of sudden unexpected death in the young investigated at Salt River Mortuary, Cape Town
Authors: Swart Micaela Louise , Vandayar Yuvika , Mole Calvin Gerald , Oghenechovwen Ogheneochuko , Hamadziripi Dirk , Heathfield Laura Jane 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Sudden unexpected death in the young (SUDY) is defined as the rapid, unsuspected demise of an apparently healthy individual between the ages of one and 40 years. There is a gap in research pertaining to this population in a South African context. This retrospective study aimed to explore the burden, scope of post-mortem investigation, and risk factors of SUDY admissions to Salt River Mortuary (SRM) in Cape Town between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2019. Medico-legal case files pertaining to SUDY cases from SRM were reviewed. SRM received a total of 34 601 admissions in the 10-year period; of which 1 997 (5.77%) were SUDY cases. Nearly two-thirds (62.59%) of the SUDY admissions were male. The leading cause of death was pneumonia (17.11%), and the most prevalent organ system implicated in cause of death was the pulmonary system (45.19%). At least 32.46% of SUDY cases were infectious-related, with varying degrees of confidence. A large proportion of cases had no history of acute or chronic illness (45.43%), and no family history of illness (56.66%). In total, 52 potential candidates were identified for a molecular autopsy, of which 47 have stored biological samples for future investigations. This study advocates for the routine performance of post-mortem ancillary microbiological and toxicological testing in cases of SUD, considering the large burden of infectious disease and substance abuse in South Africa. The retention of biological samples in undetermined or non-specific natural cases is also urged, to allow for cause of death determination on a molecular level.
Levetiracetam versus carbamazepine monotherapy in the management of pediatric focal epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Martins Jefferson Manoel Borges , Vieira Paula Larissa Ferreira , Gosch Berton Giovanni , Karlinski Vizentin Vanessa , dos Santos Borges Rafael , Chaves Vieira Ana Livia , Sefer Celina Cláudia Israel , Chermont Aurimery Gomes 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLevetiracetam (LEV) and carbamazepine (CBZ) are effective monotherapies for focal epilepsy in children. However, the best drug remains controversial. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing LEV and CBZ monotherapy in the management of pediatric focal epilepsy (PFE). We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published until February 2024 comparing LEV and CBZ monotherapy in PFE. Statistical analysis was performed using R version 4.2.2, heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics, and the risk of bias was evaluated using the RoB-2 tool. Risk Ratios (RR) with p < 0.05 were considered significant. The outcomes of interest were seizure freedom, any adverse events, adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation, dermatologic adverse events, and the frequency of at least one seizure, defined as the proportion of patients experiencing one or more seizures during the treatment period. Four RCTs comprising 381 children with a mean age of 7.32 to 9.28 years were included, of whom 186 (48.8%) received LEV monotherapy. There was no significant difference between groups (RR: 1.15; 95% CI 0.88–1.50; p = 0.31; I2 = 90%) regarding seizure freedom. The frequency of at least one seizure (RR: 0.71; 95% CI 0.52–0.97; p = 0.03; I2 = 8%) and dermatologic adverse events (RR: 0.24; 95% CI 0.09–0.64; p < 0.01; I2 = 0%) were both significantly lower in the LEV group. There were no significant differences in the presence of any adverse events (RR: 0.58; 95% CI 0.33–1.01; p = 0.05; I2 = 36%) or adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation (RR: 0.67; 95% CI 0.13–3.42; p = 0.63; I2 = 30%).Conclusion: In monotherapy, LEV was more advantageous than CBZ for PFE, with a lower frequency of seizures and fewer dermatological adverse events. However, both drugs are equally effective in achieving seizure freedom, adverse events without specification, and those that lead to treatment discontinuation. Our findings have important implications for clinical practice and decision-making in this condition.

What is Known:

• Both LEV and CBZ are effective monotherapies for pediatric focal epilepsy.

• The use of LEV or CBZ monotherapy for the management of children with focal epilepsy remains controversial.

What is New:

• No significant differences were observed between the LEV and CBZ groups in terms of overall seizure freedom, safety, and tolerance.

• However, LEV resulted in a lower frequency of at least one seizure and fewer dermatological adverse events than CBZ.
Concentric remodeling and the metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease in patients with type 1 diabetes: an exploratory study
Authors: Czarnik Klaudia , Sablik Zbigniew , Borkowska Anna , Drożdż Jarosław , Cypryk Katarzyna 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Diabetic cardiomyopathy in young patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) usually presents as asymptomatic diastolic heart dysfunction with left ventricle (LV) remodeling. Its prevalence seems to be underestimated. One of the factors seemingly influencing LV remodeling is a metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), which was extensively investigated in patients with type 2 diabetes but not with T1D. This study aimed to describe the correlation between MASLD risk and relative wall thickness (RWT) in young patients with T1D without heart failure symptoms or treatment.

Materials and methods
Study participants were recruited at the inpatient diabetology department, in admission order. Patients underwent a set of laboratory tests and echocardiographic examinations. The risk of MASLD was estimated using fatty liver index (FLI). Acquired data was then statistically analyzed.

Results
The study group consisted of 55 patients. 25 participants had RWT > 0.42, suggesting LV remodeling. Study participants did not differ in HbA1c, NT-proBNP, HDL, LDL, non-HDL, and uric acid concentrations. However, patients with RWT > 0.42 had higher FLI (40.97 vs. 13.82, p < 0.01) and BMI (27.3 vs. 22.5, p < 0.01) and differed in transaminase concentrations. Moreover, patients with RWT > 0.42 had significantly higher LV mass index (85.6 vs. 68.2 g/m2) and altered mitral ring velocities. In univariable logistic regression, FLI correlated with LV remodeling risk (OR 1.028, p = 0.05). The optimal cutoff point for FLI predicting the RWT > 0.42 was 26.38 (OR 10.6, p = 0.04, sensitivity 0.857, specificity 0.657).

Conclusions
FLI correlates with RWT in patients with T1D independently of diabetes metabolic control and hypothetically may support recognizing T1D patients with a higher risk of LV remodeling.
Cu(β-diketonato)2 bathochromic shifts from the ultraviolet towards the visible region
Authors: Conradie Marrigje M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Context
The DFT-calculated ultraviolet/visible properties of 11 different Cu(β-diketonato)2 complexes are presented. The selected β-diketonato ligands on the Cu complex contain none, one or two aromatic rings. The experimentally measured absorbance maxima range of the ultraviolet/visible is observed at 295–390 nm, and the calculated range is 302–425 nm, for the 11 complexes in this study. More aromatic rings on the ligand lead to bathochromic shifts of the experimentally measured absorbance maxima from the ultraviolet towards the visible region. Absorbance maxima of the Cu(β-diketonato)2 complexes with no aromatic rings on the ligand are found to be predominantly ligand-to-metal charge transfer excitations, whereas introducing one or two aromatic rings shifts the excitations to predominantly ligand-to-ligand charge transfer.

Methods
DFT calculations were conducted on the neutral molecules with multiplicity 2, using the PBEh1PBE functional and the aug-cc-pVDZ basis set as implemented in the Gaussian 16 package. The selected solvent was acetonitrile, the solvent in which most of the experimental UV/Vis are reported. The molecules were all optimized in the solvent phase, using the IEFPCM. The initial coordinates for the compounds were generated using Chemcraft.

Highlights
TDDFT of 11 different Cu(β-diketonato)2 complexes follow the experimental trend.
Aromatic rings on the ligand lead to Bathochromic shifts of UV/Visible spectra.
No aromatic rings on the ligand lead to ligand-to-metal charge transfer excitations.
Aromatic rings on the ligand lead to ligand-to-ligand charge transfer excitations.

Graphical abstract
Bathochromic shifts in eco-friendly Cu(β-diketonato)2.
Revisiting Fishery Sustainability Targets
Authors: Cattoni Vincent , South Leah F. , Warne David J. , Boettiger Carl , Thakran Bhavya , Holden Matthew H. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDensity-dependent population dynamic models strongly influence many of the world’s most important harvest policies. Nearly all classic models (e.g. Beverton-Holt and Ricker) recommend that managers maintain a population size of roughly 40–50 percent of carrying capacity to maximize sustainable harvest, no matter the species’ population growth rate. Such insights are the foundational logic behind most sustainability targets and biomass reference points for fisheries. However, a simple, less-commonly used model, called the Hockey-Stick model, yields very different recommendations. We show that the optimal population size to maintain in this model, as a proportion of carrying capacity, is one over the population growth rate. This leads to more conservative optimal harvest policies for slow-growing species, compared to other models, if all models use the same growth rate and carrying capacity values. However, parameters typically are not fixed; they are estimated after model-fitting. If the Hockey-Stick model leads to lower estimates of carrying capacity than other models, then the Hockey-Stick policy could yield lower absolute population size targets in practice. Therefore, to better understand the population size targets that may be recommended across real fisheries, we fit the Hockey-Stick, Ricker and Beverton-Holt models to population time series data across 284 fished species from the RAM Stock Assessment database. We found that the Hockey-Stick model usually recommended fisheries maintain population sizes higher than all other models (in 69–81% of the data sets). Furthermore, in 77% of the datasets, the Hockey-Stick model recommended an optimal population target even higher than 60% of carrying capacity (a widely used target, thought to be conservative). However, there was considerable uncertainty in the model fitting. While Beverton-Holt fit several of the data sets best, Hockey-Stick also frequently fit similarly well. In general, the best-fitting model rarely had overwhelming support (a model probability of greater than 95% was achieved in less than five percent of the datasets). A computational experiment, where time series data were simulated from all three models, revealed that Beverton-Holt often fit best even when it was not the true model, suggesting that fisheries data are likely too small and too noisy to resolve uncertainties in the functional forms of density-dependent growth. Therefore, sustainability targets may warrant revisiting, especially for slow-growing species.