bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conflict, individual satisfaction with team, and training motivation
Authors: Medina Michele N. 
Published: June 2016

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the mediating effect of an individual’s satisfaction with the team between conflict and training motivation. This study provides understanding regarding how the type of conflict within a team can influence an individual’s team experience which can, in turn, influence that individual’s training motivation and impact future teams.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 498 upper-level business students engaged in a team project. Structural equation modeling examined the serial mediation relationship between perceived diversity, conflict (affective and cognitive), individual satisfaction with the team and training motivation (learning and transfer).FindingsIndividual satisfaction with the team partially mediates the relationship between affective conflict and both training motivation dimensions, and fully mediates the relationship between cognitive conflict and both training motivation dimensions.Practical implicationsTo encourage future participation in teams, managers should explore ways to increase an individual’s satisfaction, such as increasing the cognitive conflict by incorporating diversity within teams and reducing the affective conflict within teams. Likewise, by increasing an individual’s satisfaction with the team, managers can increase both the motivation to learn and transfer new knowledge.Originality/valueThis paper illuminates the role that an individual’s satisfaction with the team has between conflict and training motivation. Moreover, this paper demonstrates that more research on an individual’s satisfaction with the team is needed.
Human capital development: perspectives of an expatriate hotel manager in Africa
Authors: Cecchi Marco , Nwosu Belinda 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore, from the vantage point of an expatriate manager, some of the issues that surround human capital development (HCD) in the tourism and hospitality industry in Africa.

Design/methodology/approach
An informal interview was carried out via email. Marco Cecchi has 33 years experience working in the tourism and hospitality industry in Europe and now in Africa. He was recently appointed General Manager at Hotel Bon Voyage in Lagos under the African Management Service Company (AMSCO), an initiative of the United Nations Development Programme and the International Finance Corporation to help build human capital for sustainable African enterprises.

Findings
The interview offers valuable insights for researchers and practitioners who are seeking to understand cross-cultural differences related to human resources.

Originality/value
The transcript provides a much needed context for understanding the issues facing HCD in the African continent.
Differential induction of type I interferons in macaques by wild‐type measles virus alone or with the hemagglutinin protein of the Edmonston vaccine strain
Authors: Van Nguyen Nguyen , Kato Sei‐ich , Nagata Kyosuke , Takeuchi Kaoru 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTMeasles vaccines are highly effective and safe; however, the mechanism(s) underlying their attenuation has not been well understood. In this study, type I IFNs (IFN‐α and IFN‐β) induction in macaques infected with measles virus (MV) strains was examined. Type I IFNs were not induced in macaques infected with wild‐type MV. However, IFN‐α was sharply induced in most macaques infected with recombinant wild‐type MV bearing the hemagglutinin (H) protein of the Edmonston vaccine strain. These results indicate that the H protein of MV vaccine strains may have a role in MV attenuation.
Funding and School Accountability: The Importance of Private and Decentralised Public Funding for Pupil Attainment
Authors: Turati Gilberto , Montolio Daniel , Piacenza Massimiliano 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe discuss the issue of how schools should be financed, concentrating on the role of private funding and public funding via subnational governments as accountability mechanisms in the provision of educational services. The historical evolution of school regulation in Italy and Spain has created differences in the percentage of pupils who attend private schools, the percentage of private school funding coming from public and private sources and the percentage of public school funding that comes from central or local government sources. We take advantage of these institutional diversities rooted in history to estimate the disciplining role of these different sources of funding in the context of an educational production function using Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) data. Our results provide support to both accountability mechanisms and point to the presence of an important interplay between them.
Long‐term spatial memory in Vespula germanica social wasps: the influence of past experience on foraging behavior
Authors: Moreyra Sabrina , D'Adamo Paola , Lozada Mariana 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSocial insects exhibit complex learning and memory mechanisms while foraging. Vespula germanica (Fab.) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) is an invasive social wasp that frequently forages on undepleted food sources, making several flights between the resource and the nest. Previous studies have shown that during this relocating behavior, wasps learn to associate food with a certain site, and can recall this association 1 h later. In this work, we evaluated whether this wasp species is capable of retrieving an established association after 24 h. For this purpose, we trained free flying individuals to collect proteinaceous food from an experimental plate (feeder) located in an experimental array. A total of 150 individuals were allowed 2, 4, or 8 visits. After the training phase, the array was removed and set up again 24 h later, but this time a second baited plate was placed opposite to the first. After 24 h we recorded the rate of wasps that returned to the experimental area and those which collected food from the previously learned feeding station or the nonlearned one. During the testing phase, we observed that a low rate of wasps trained with 2 collecting visits returned to the experimental area (22%), whereas the rate of returning wasps trained with 4 or 8 collecting visits was higher (51% and 41%, respectively). Moreover, wasps trained with 8 feeding visits collected food from the previously learned feeding station at a higher rate than those that did from the nonlearned one. In contrast, wasps trained 2 or 4 times chose both feeding stations at a similar rate. Thus, significantly more wasps returned to the previously learned feeding station after 8 repeated foraging flights but not after only 2 or 4 visits. This is the first report that demonstrates the existence of long‐term spatial memory in V. germanica wasps.
A Comparison of the Burden of Out‐of‐Pocket Health Payments in Denmark, Germany and Poland
Authors: Zawada Anna , Kolasa Katarzyna , Kronborg Christian , Rabczenko Daniel , Rybnik Tomasz , Lauridsen Jørgen T. , Ceglowska Urszula , Hermanowski Tomasz 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIt is important to monitor equity of access to health services in all countries. We assessed the levels of out‐of‐pocket (OOP) health spending in three European countries: Denmark, Germany and Poland. Using data from national databases (i.e., Statistics Denmark, German Socio‐Economic Panel, and National Statistical Office of Poland) for the period 2000–2010, we applied common methods to assess the rate of households with ‘catastrophic’ OOP health spending and the concentration of health spending in income‐ordered groups of citizens. 20.3 per cent of Polish households experienced ‘catastrophic’ expenditure defined by OOP health spending/income ratio >10 per cent, compared to 1.0 per cent of households in Germany and 3.2 per cent of households in Denmark. 8.8 per cent of Polish households experienced ‘catastrophic’ expenditure defined by OOP health spending/capacity to pay ratio >40 per cent, compared to 0.4 per cent of households in Germany and 0.8 per cent of households in Denmark. Concentration indexes for OOP on drugs in 2010 were 0.01978 and –0.114 for Denmark and Poland, respectively. The rate of households with ‘catastrophic’ OOP expenditure in Poland is much higher than in both Denmark and Germany; health spending in Poland is concentrated among the worst‐off groups of citizens while in Denmark and Germany they are distributed more equitably.
Comparison of macular pigment and serum lutein concentration changes between free lutein and lutein esters supplements in Japanese subjects
Authors: Yoshizako Hiroko , Hara Katunori , Takai Yasuyuki , Kaidzu Sachiko , Obana Akira , Ohira Akihiro 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPurposeTo compare changes in macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and serum lutein concentration between free lutein and lutein esters supplements in healthy Japanese individuals.MethodsTwenty healthy subjects (age range, 22–47 years) were recruited into this prospective, randomized, doubled‐blind comparative study. Individuals were evenly divided into two groups: free lutein group, supplementation with 10 mg of free lutein; or lutein esters group, supplementation with 20 mg of lutein esters equivalent to 10 mg of free lutein. Each participant took either type of oral lutein daily for 3 months. The serum lutein concentrations and MPOD levels were measured at baseline and 3 and 6 months after the start of supplementation.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the serum lutein concentrations and MPOD levels at baseline between the groups. The increased serum lutein concentration and MPOD levels at 3 months were respectively, 89% and 38% in the free lutein group and 97% and 17% in the lutein esters group. The serum lutein concentrations in both groups and MPOD levels in the free lutein group increased significantly (p < 0.05) from baseline. No significant differences in serum lutein concentrations and MPOD levels were seen between the groups. Three months after supplementation ended, the serum lutein concentration decreased; the MPOD remained elevated in both groups.ConclusionsThe serum lutein concentrations and MPOD levels increased significantly with either free lutein or lutein esters, and no significant differences were found between the two. Both were considered useful as lutein supplements.
Temporal hollowing and other adverse effects after lateral orbital wall decompression
Authors: Ueland Hans Olav , Haugen Olav H. , Rødahl Eyvind 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the outcome and late postoperative complications after lateral orbital wall decompression in a series of patients with thyroid eye disease (TED).MethodsOne hundred and three patients operated in the period 1999–2013 were invited to participate in the study, and 84 were included after a median (range) follow‐up time of 124 (13–188) months. The patients were interviewed, and preoperative and postoperative data were collected from hospital records. Photographs (‘selfies’) were obtained from 64 patients. Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was used to evaluate the change in pre‐ and postoperative data.ResultsOn average, visual acuity was unchanged with a median value (range) of 1.0 (0.4–1.25) before to 1.0 (0–1.25) after surgery (p = 0.5). Intraocular pressure (IOP) was reduced from a median value (range) of 17 (9–26) to 15 (8–23) mmHg (p < 0.001). Median (range) Hertel values were 23 (15–30) mm preoperatively and 20 (12–26) mm postoperatively (p < 0.001) respectively. Mean (SD) reduction in proptosis was 3.6 (±2.1) mm. Oscillopsia was reported in 24 patients (29%), 42 (50%) experienced a change in temporal sensation, and four (5%) had new‐onset diplopia. In 47 patients (56%), some degree of temporal hollowing was reported. Among 64 photographed patients, 38 (59%) had noticeable hollowing on examination of postoperative pictures. There was agreement of the patient's perception of temporal hollowing and the appearance in photographs in 26 of 37 patients (70%).ConclusionLateral orbital wall decompression has been considered a safe and effective procedure for treatment of TED. Serious side‐effects are infrequent, but in rare circumstances, even blindness may occur. Less serious side‐effects are relatively common. Among others, a significant number of the patients developed temporal hollowing after the procedure. The patients must be informed about the possible complications before surgery.
Effect of esomeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor on the pharmacokinetics of sonidegib in healthy volunteers
Authors: Zhou Jocelyn , Quinlan Michelle , Glenn Kelli , Boss Hildegard , Picard Franck , Castro Henry , Sellami Dalila 
Published: June 2016

AimsThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of esomeprazole on the pharmacokinetics of sonidegib.MethodsThis Phase I study evaluated the impact of the proton pump inhibitor (PPI) esomeprazole on the oral absorption and pharmacokinetics (PKs) of a single dose of sonidegib under fasted conditions. A total of 42 healthy subjects were enrolled to receive either sonidegib alone (200 mg single dose) or sonidegib in combination with esomeprazole (40 mg pre‐treatment 5 days and combination were given on day 6). Primary PK parameters assessed in the study were area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC) from 0–14 days and 0–7 days and maximum observed plasma concentration (Cmax).ResultsThe plasma exposure (AUC0‐14d, AUC0‐7d and Cmax) of a single 200 mg oral dose of sonidegib was decreased by 32–38% when sonidegib was co‐administered with esomeprazole compared with sonidegib alone, with no apparent change in elimination slope and tmax. Baseline gastric pH was similar between the two arms.ConclusionsThese results suggest a modest reduction in the extent of sonidegib absorption by esomeprazole. There was no obvious metabolic drug–drug interaction between the two agents. Both sonidegib and esomeprazole were well tolerated in the study population.
A Statistical Method for Detecting Differentially Expressed SNVs Based on Next-Generation RNA-Seq Data
Authors: Fu Rong , Wang Pei , Ma Weiping , Taguchi Ayumu , Wong Chee-Hong , Zhang Qing , Gazdar Adi , Hanash Samir M. , Zhou Qinghua , Zhong Hua , Feng Ziding 
Published: June 2016

SummaryIn this article, we propose a new statistical method—MutRSeq—for detecting differentially expressed single nucleotide variants (SNVs) based on RNA-seq data. Specifically, we focus on nonsynonymous mutations and employ a hierarchical likelihood approach to jointly model observed mutation events as well as read count measurements from RNA-seq experiments. We then introduce a likelihood ratio-based test statistic, which detects changes not only in overall expression levels, but also in allele-specific expression patterns. In addition, this method can jointly test multiple mutations in one gene/pathway. The simulation studies suggest that the proposed method achieves better power than a few competitors under a range of different settings. In the end, we apply this method to a breast cancer data set and identify genes with nonsynonymous mutations differentially expressed between the triple negative breast cancer tumors and other subtypes of breast cancer tumors.
Does Strike Action Stimulate Trade Union Membership Growth?
Authors: Hodder Andy , Williams Mark , Kelly John , McCarthy Nick 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMost of the literature on strikes has addressed one of four issues: causation, variation between sectors and countries, trends over time and the relationship between strikes and other forms of collective and individual protest. Very little research has addressed the equally important questions of strike outcomes and trade union membership despite the substantial body of research on the causes of trade union membership decline and strategies for membership growth. In this paper we reverse the usual sequence of trade union membership as a causal factor in the genesis of strikes and examine the impact of strikes on trade union membership levels. After setting out the relevant theory and hypotheses, we use a unique seven‐year dataset of trade union membership joiners and leavers from a major British trade union with a substantial record of strike activity. Controlling for other possible determinants of trade union membership, we find that months in which there is strike action, whether national or local, are associated with a significantly higher rate of membership growth, measured both by the number of joiners and by the ratio of joiners to leavers. Data from new union members suggest that perceived injustice and perceived union effectiveness both motivate the decision to join.
Autogenous demineralized dentin matrix from extracted tooth for the augmentation of alveolar bone defect: a prospective randomized clinical trial in comparison with anorganic bovine bone
Authors: Pang Kang‐Mi , Um In‐Woong , Kim Young‐Kyun , Woo Jae‐Man , Kim Soung‐Min , Lee Jong‐Ho 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the clinical efficacy and histological outcome of the autogenous tooth graft material (AutoBT) compared to that of anorganic bovine bone (Bio‐Oss®, Geistlich, Switzerland) in post‐extraction alveolar bone augmentation.Patients and MethodsA total of 33 graft sites in 24 patients were included in this study. AutoBT was used in 21 sites of 15 patients and Bio‐Oss® was used in 12 sites of 9 patients for alveolar bone augmentation 2–4 weeks after dental extraction. Vertical dimension of grafted bone was measured both at the time of graft placement and at implant fixture placement after 6 months. Trephine cores were harvested for the histomorphometric evaluations during implant placement when feasible. The primary stability of implant fixture was also measured.ResultsInfection of graft material or graft bed was not observed and graft sites healed without any notable complications in both groups. The vertical dimensions of alveolar bone increased by 5.38 ± 2.65 mm in AutoBT group and 6.56 ± 3.54 mm in Bio‐Oss® group at 6 months post‐extraction. Histomorphometrically, new bone formation of AutoBT‐grafted site was 31.24 ± 13.87% while that of Bio‐Oss® was 35.00 ± 19.33%. The implant stability quotient (ISQ) of implants placed in AutoBT‐grafted sites measured 72.80 ± 10.81 while those placed in Bio‐Oss®‐grafted sites measured 70.0 ± 12.86. There were no statistically significant differences between measurements of the two groups.ConclusionAutogenous demineralized dentin matrix from extracted tooth grafted to extraction sockets for the augmentation of vertical dimension was as effective as augmentation using anorganic bovine bone. Both groups showed favorable wound healing, similar amount of implant stability, and histologically confirmed new bone formation. Thus, the results of this study suggest that autogenous tooth graft material is a viable option for alveolar bone augmentation following dental extraction.
Baseline characteristics of participants in the Kerala Diabetes Prevention Program: a cluster randomized controlled trial of lifestyle intervention in Asian Indians
Authors: Sathish T. , Oldenburg B. , Tapp R. J. , Shaw J. E. , Wolfe R. , Sajitha B. , D'Esposito F. , Absetz P. , Mathews E. , Zimmet P. Z. , Thankappan K. R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimsTo describe the baseline characteristics of participants in the Kerala Diabetes Prevention Program.MethodsThe Kerala Diabetes Prevention Program is a cluster randomized controlled trial of lifestyle intervention for prevention of Type 2 diabetes mellitus in India. Participants in the study were those aged 30–60 years who had an Indian Diabetes Risk Score ≥ 60 and who were without Type 2 diabetes on oral glucose tolerance test. Data on demographic, lifestyle, clinical and biochemical characteristics were collected using standardized tools.ResultsA total of 2586 individuals were screened with the Indian Diabetes Risk Score, of these 1529 people (59.1%) had a score ≥ 60, of whom 1209 (79.1%) underwent an oral glucose tolerance test. A total of 202 individuals (16.7%) had undiagnosed Type 2 diabetes and were excluded, and the remaining 1007 individuals were enrolled in the trial (control arm, n = 507; intervention arm, n = 500). The mean participant age was 46.0 ± 7.5 years, and 47.2% were women. The mean Indian Diabetes Risk Score was 67.1 ± 8.4. More than two‐thirds (69.0%) had prediabetes and 31.0% had normal glucose tolerance. The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors was high, including current tobacco use (34.4% in men), current alcohol use (39.3% in men), no leisure time exercise (98.0%), no daily intake of fruit and vegetables (78.7%), family history of diabetes (47.9%), overweight or obesity (68.5%), hypertension (22.3%) and dyslipidemia (85.4%).ConclusionsThe Kerala Diabetes Prevention Program recruited participants using a diabetes risk score. A large proportion of the participants had prediabetes and there were high rates of cardiometabolic risk factors. The trial will evaluate the effectiveness of lifestyle intervention in a population selected on the basis of a diabetes risk score.
Barriers to and motivators for physical activity among people with Type 2 diabetes: patients' perspectives
Authors: Lidegaard L. P. , Schwennesen N. , Willaing I. , Færch K. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimTo explore barriers to and motivators for physical activity in a group of overweight and obese individuals with dysregulated Type 2 diabetes.MethodsData were collected from the Steno Diabetes Center's outpatient clinic in Denmark. Four focus groups were conducted including 28 individuals with Type 2 diabetes aged 39–71 years. The facilitators used open‐ended questions and probes such as images, statements and quotations about physical activity to foster active participation and interaction among participants. Focus groups were recorded on video and the discussions were transcribed and analysed thematically.ResultsWe identified four main themes: 1) the body as a barrier to physical activity because of functional limitations; 2) logistical challenges, including lack of time and awareness of where to exercise in the local area; 3) being physically active with others, providing a sense of mutual commitment and enjoyment; and 4) goal‐setting and self‐tracking, which was seen as an opportunity to track physical improvement over time.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that, once people are active, a high level of social interaction may help maintain their activity levels. Further research is needed to investigate the effect of combining individually tailored exercise plans with the establishment of customized and locally based exercise communities that offer enjoyment and support. Additionally, it is relevant to explore experiences of using self‐tracking technologies to review short‐ and long‐term goals.