bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NOVEL NANOPARTICLES FOR THE ORAL DELIVERY OF LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN: IN VITRO AND IN VIVO ASSESSMENT
Authors: Lavanya Nallaguntla , Muzib Indira , Jithan Aukunuru , Umamahesh Balekari 
Published: April 2017

Objective: The objective of the present study was to prepare and evaluate a novel oral formulation of nanoparticles for the systemic delivery of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). Methods: Nanoparticles were prepared by polyelectrolyte complexation (PEC) method using polymers sodium alginate and chitosan. Entrapment efficiency of LMWH in nanoparticles was found to be ̴88%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‑ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies carried for nanoparticles. In vitro release studies were performed for the formulations. Ex vivo permeation studies were performed optimized formulation by using small intestine of rat and in vivo studies were conducted on rat model.Results: In vitro release studies demonstrated that the release of LMWH was negligible in the stomach and high in the small intestine. FTIR has indicated that there is no interaction between the ingredients in nanoparticle. DSC and XRD studies confirmed that the amino groups of chitosan interacted with the carboxylic groups of alginate. Invitro % drug release of 95% was shown by formulation AC5. Ex vivo permeation studies have elucidated that ̴ 73% of LMWH was transported across the epithelium. Nanoparticles have shown enhanced oral bioavailability of LMWH as revealed by 4.5 fold increase in AUC of plasma drug concentration time curve.Conclusion: The results suggest that the nanoparticles prepared can result in targeted delivery of LMWH into systemic circulation via intestinal and colon routes. Novel nanoparticles thus prepared in this study can be considered as a promising delivery system.Keywords: Antifactor Xa activity, Chitosan, Differential scanning calorimetry, Sodium alginate, Low-molecular-weight heparin, Oral bioavailability.
FATTY ACIDS COMPOSITION IN MACADAMIA SEDES OIL (MACADAMIA INTEGRIFOLIA) FROM ECUADOR
Authors: Carrillo Wilman , Carpio Cecilia , Morales Dayana , Vilcacundo Edgardo , Alvarez Mario 
Published: April 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the fatty acids composition in a macadamia seeds oil sample cultivated in Ecuador.Materials & Methods: macadamia oil was obtained of macadamia seeds using the cold pressing method. Fatty acids analysis was carried out using the Gas Chromathography method with a Mass Selective Detector (GC/MSD) and using the data base Library NIST14.L to identify the compounds.Results: macadamia seeds have a high content of unsaturated fatty acids with 41.36% of oleic acid. Macadamia seeds oil has 37.77% of polyunsaturated fatty acids of which 3.79% ɷ6 α- Linoleic and 33.98% of ɷ3 α- Linolenic. Macadamia seeds only have 9.33% of palmitic acid. Conclusions: Macadamia seeds are a good source of monounsaturated fatty acids oleic acid and with a good content of ɷ6 α- Linoleic and ɷ3 α- Linolenic. This profile enables their use as a good and healthy oil to be used in the food industry in Ecuador. Keywords: Macadamia, Macadamia integrifolia, Fatty acids, Gas chromatography-mass selective detector, Methyl ester, Omega acids.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF PREVALENCE OF ANEMIA AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN A RURAL COMMUNITY; A HOME-BASED SCREENING
Authors: Rajagopal Shanmuga Sundaram , Kandasamy Krishnaveni , Prasad Amrita , Surendran Anjana , Sebastian Anne Christy , Ramanathan Sambathkumar 
Published: April 2017

Objective: The prevalence of anemia is disproportionately high in developing countries due to poverty, inadequate diet, certain diseases, pregnancy and lactation, and poor access to health services. It is a risk factor for cardiovascular health and early death in adult. To estimate the prevalence of anemia and its associated risk factors in a rural a community in India.Methodology: Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, an observational house-to-house survey was conducted for a period of 6 months, by screening for anemia, using digital strip type hemoglobin meter. Result: Out of 200 people, 146 were anemic of which 77 were with mild anemia, 67 with moderate anemia and only 3 had severe anemia. There were more number of anemic patients in the group of normal and underweight (Normal=86, 58.90%; Underweight=27, 18.49%) than that of overweight and obese (Overweight=22, 15.06%; Obese=11, 7.53%). The newly diagnosed cases of anemia were 138 and previously diagnosed cases of anemia were 8. Out of 146 anemic populations, 13 were hyperlipidemics, 20 were hypertensives, 18 were diabetics, 5 were thyroid patients and 4 were cardiac patients. Conclusion: This screening program helps to diagnose anemia in a selected population and benefit avoiding further complications by offering adequate patient counseling. Study population was enriched with information on nutrition intake and importance of maintaining hemoglobin concentration at normal level in day-to-day life of an individual.Keywords: Anemia, Nutrition, Screening, Hemoglobin.
DESIGN AND SCREENING OF GALLIC ACID DERIVATIVES AS INHIBITORS OF MALARIAL DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE (DHFR) BY IN SILICO DOCKING
Authors: Arsianti Ade Arsianti , Astuty Hendri , Fadilah Fadilah , Bahtiar Anton , Tanimoto Hiroki , Kakiuchi Kiyomi 
Published: April 2017

Objective: Malaria is an infection disease caused by plasmodium parasite with high prevalence in tropic and subtropic countries. The aim of this work was to design and screening of gallic acid derivatives as inhibitors of malarial dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) by in silico docking.Methods: The derivatives were designed by expanding the carboxyl group of gallic acid with open-chain moiety of L-threonine-allyl esters, as well as to modify the hydroxy groups on the aromatic ring of gallic acid with methoxyl group in the derivatives. In silico approach has been utilized in finding the potential antimalaria of gallic acid derivatives. Fourteen Gallic acid derivatives (compound 2-15) were modeled into 3D structures by ACD Labs software. Geometry optimization and minimization of energy 3D structure of gallic acid derivatives as ligands using the MOE software. Docking process and amino acid analysis were executed by using MOE software. Results: In silico docking study resulted in the three top-ranked compounds, namely compound 5, 8 and 12. Among those three top-ranked compounds, compound 12 (octyl gallate), exhibited the strongest interaction and greatest inhibitory activity against the receptor of malarial DHFR.Conclusion Our results clearly demonstrated that compound 12 (octyl gallate) could be developed as a promising candidate for the new anti-malarial agent.
EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF INDONESIAN VARIETIES SWEET POTATO LEAVES EXTRACT FROM CILEMBU AGAINST Shigella dysenteriae ATCC 13313
Authors: Kusuma Sri Agung Fitri 
Published: April 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in Vitro antibacterial activity of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) leaves ethanol extract against Shigella dysenteriae ATCC 13313.Methods: The study was performed by collecting and determining plant samples, extraction, moisture content assay, phytochemical screening, Thin layer Chromatography, antibacterial activity using agar diffusion method using perforator of 11 mm in diameter and Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) test using macrodilution method against Shigella dysenteriae ATCC 13313.Results: The Phytochemical analysis of the sweet potato leaves extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannin, steroid and polyphenolic compound. The sweet potato leaves ethanol extract showed significant zone of inhibition in a dose dependent manner against Shigella dysenteriae ATCC 13313 with the range of MIC and MBC was 10-20 % b/v.Conclusion : It can be concluded that the sweet potato leaves ethanol extract shows promise as an antibacterial agent for inhibiting bacillary dysentery due to the presence of biologically active ingredients with antimicrobial activity in the extract.Keywords: sweet potato, Cilembu, Indonesia, antidysentery, Shigella dysenteriae ATCC 13313
Virtual Screening of potential inhibitors from Herbs for the treatment of Breast Cancer
Authors: Isaac Arnold Emerson , Khan Faizy , Bafna Shantanu , Gupta Tanu 
Published: April 2017

Objectives: Cancer is a disease which results in uncontrollable abnormal cells division and destruction of body tissues. Breast cancer occurs when malignant tumors develop in the breast. Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death among women. To study the role of herbs used in the treatment for breast cancer. To investigate the anti-breast cancer activity of compounds present on most common herbs and to analyse their interaction with amino acids in the active sites. Methods: Complementary and alternative medicine is often used for curing cancer mainly the breast cancer. Also certain studies support the benefits of herbal medicines over others among Complementary and alternative medicine. Herbal treatments are more popular due to less complications and more safety. We selected a dataset of 38 compounds and performed virtual screening to identify the potential inhibitor against the known protein target BRCA1 involved in breast cancer using AutoDock4 as docking software. The binding site analyses were carried out using Discovery studio.Results: From our study, we deduced that cimigenol (black cohosh) and glycyrrhetinic acid (licorice) were found to have the highest affinity with the target protein. The amino acid interactions with the top five compounds were also analysed.Conclusion: During the course of our research we explored over common herbs used globally in treatment for breast cancer. Virtual screening was performed using AutoDock to search ligands to identify those structures which are most likely to bind to the protein. The high affinity compounds canbind more efficiently to the BRCA1 receptor and, hence, has potential to emerge as lead compound in the treatment of breast cancer.Keywords: Protein, Ligands, AutoDock, Virtual screening, Visualization, BRCA1.
Screening of active antimicrobial and biological enzymes of microbial isolated from soil in Thailand
Authors: Powthong Pannapa , Sripean Apichai , Suntornthiticharoen Pattra 
Published: April 2017

Objective: The objectives of this study were to isolate microorganisms and screen for potential antimicrobial activities from the soil. Methods: In this study, a total of 425 isolates were isolated from 100 soil samples. The preliminary screening for antimicrobial activities of these isolates was performed by modified cross-streak, agar diffusion, and modified icrodilution technique against 16 pathogenic bacteria and fungi.Results: In the anti-microbial activity, there were three isolates, namely, 277, 303, and 307 exhibited inhibitory activity against methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium respectively. This study also examined the various enzymes producing from soil microorganisms including chitinase, chitosanase, amylase, cellulose, caseinase, gelatinase, esterase, and lipase production of different selective media for 24 and 48hrs using the direct spot method. The results revealed that 28 isolates could produce various enzymes with strong activity. Most of them produced gelatinase (5.65%) and caseinase (5.18%). There were four isolates that produce broad-spectrum enzyme. In addition, the investigation of selectedmicroorganism identification showed that they can be divided into three groups: Burkholderia spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Rhodococcus spp.Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the microorganisms from soil are capable of producing potential, antibacterial, and bioactive enzymes.Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, Extracellular enzyme, Soil microbial, Drug-resistant bacteria.
ASSESSMENT OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES, PHENOL AND FLAVONOID CONTENTS OF DIFFERENT EXTRACTS OF LEAVES, BARK AND ROOT FROM THE Abutilon indicum (L.) SWEET
Authors: Raj Adaikalam , D Saranya , J Sekar 
Published: April 2017

Objective: This study evaluated the antioxidant properties of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Abutilon indicum (L).Methods: The different extracts of A. indicum leaves, bark and roots were antioxidant potential by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 2-Azino-bis-3-ethyl benzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS•+) , Hydrogen peroxide scavenging, Superoxide anions scavenging, Hydroxyl radical scavenging, Ferric reducing antioxidant power, Total antioxidant activity (Phosphomolybdic acid) and total phenol and flavonoid contents. Results: The highest total phenol and flavonoid contents in leaves extracts of A. indicum. The total phenol (3.08 ± 0.06) mg/ml and flavonoid (7.16 ± 0.15) mg/ml were found to be higher in ethyl acetate extract of A. indicum and free radical scavenging activities IC50 values were calculated and compare to standard for L- ascorbic acid, (BHT) butylated hydroxytoluene and gallic acid Conclusion: The results of the study revealed that the ethyl acetate extract of A. indicum leaves can be used for the biological characterization and importance of the compounds identified and creates a platform to screen many bioactive compounds to treat many diseases.Keywords: Abutilon indicum, Free radical scavenging activity, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl, 2-azino-bis-3-ethyl benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid,Ferric reducing antioxidant power.
PREVALENCE OF VARIOUS BETA LACTAMASES AMONG GRAM NEGATIVE BACILLI IN URINARY ISOLATES FROM PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF NORTHERN INDIA
Authors: Thakur Rameshwari , Atul Kumar , Varsha Chaudhary , Paramjit Singh , Vk Sharma , Agarwal Nidhi 
Published: April 2017

Objective: Urinary tract infections are considered among the most common infections, occurring either in the community or health-care setting. We are left with very few options for the treatment due to rapid development of antibiotic resistance among the organisms. To find out the prevalence of various types of β-lactamases among urinary isolates.Methods: Seven antibiotic discs (HiMedia) were placed in combinations and approximation in a particular sequence on a 90 mm diameter MuellerHintonagar plate.Results: Out of a total 165 urinary isolates, 66 (40%) isolates were positive for extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production, AmpC β-lactamases(AmpC) activity was present in 31 (18.78%) isolates, co-production of both ESBL and AmpC was seen in 16 (9.69%) isolates, 3 (1.81%) isolatesproduced metallo β-lactamase (MBL), 2 (1.21%) isolates produced both MBL, and ESBL and 1 (0.60%) isolates were positive for inducible third generation cephalosporin resistance.Conclusion: With the presence of such high prevalence of various β-lactamases in clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli and also other types ofantibiotic resistance, antibiotic policy should be made, and strict adherence should be followed.Keywords: Extended spectrum β-lactamase, AmpC β-lactamase, Metallo β-lactamase.
TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND FLAVONE BIOACTIVITY OF PEANUT HULLS AS ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIPROLIFERATION TOWARD HELA CANCER CELLS
Authors: Alawiyah Aika Latifah , Achmadi Suminar Setiati , Syahbirin Gustini 
Published: April 2017

Objective: This study aimed to determine the total phenolic content, correlation of it with antioxidant capacity, and peanut hulls as an antiproliferationon Henrietta Lacks (HeLa) cancer cells, which Indonesia has a serious problem in term of cervix cancer.Methods: Peanut hulls were extracted by Soxhlet extraction, ultrasound vibration, and reflux boiling to obtain the best extraction method. The totalphenolic content of the ethanol extract and the ethyl acetate fraction was determined using Folin–Ciocalteu method. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was used to evaluated an antioxidant capacity of both samples. Identification of the isolated flavone was done by ultraviolet spectra and analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer. Inhibition of proliferation of HeLa cancer cells was tested for the purified fraction using 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazole-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay.Results: The results of total phenolic content determination giving 262 (ethanol extract) and 532 (ethyl acetate fraction) mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract, respectively. DPPH assay resulted antioxidant capacity with value of inhibitory concentration 50% (IC) was 36.36 (ethanol extract) and 18.68 (ethyl acetate fraction) µg/mL, respectively. Identification of isolated flavone resulted an apigenin and indicated moderate potency in inhibiting the proliferation of HeLa cancer cells with IC 50 value of 34 µg/mL. 50Conclusions: There was a correlation between the total phenolics with antioxidant capacity of the peanut hulls. The isolated flavone is predominated by apigenin. This isolated compound is potential as antioxidant and inhibiting the proliferation of HeLa cancer cells moderately.Keywords: Peanut hulls, Total phenolic, Antioxidant capacity, Flavone, Apigenin, Henrietta Lacks cancer cells.
EFFECTIVENESS OF CINNAMON TEA IN REDUCING WEIGHT AMONG LATE OBESE ADOLESCENCE
Authors: Sethuraman Thenmozhi , P Mangala Gowri , T Mary Minolin , P Meena , S Vimala 
Published: April 2017

Objective: The objective of the study is to determine the effectiveness of cinnamon tea in reducing weight among late obese adolescent.Methods: Pre experimental research design was adopted to conduct the study with 30 samples who met the inclusion criteria. Cinnamon tea was given for the samples for 15 days and theirweight and BMI was measured before as well as after the intervention. Data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results:Out of 30 samples in pretest, 70% of them had overweight and 30% of them had class I obesity with the BMI mean value of 28.75 and2.72 standard deviation. In posttest 20% of them were normal weight, 66.67% of them were overweight and 13.33% of them were Class I obesity.The posttest BMI mean was 27.45 with 3.34 standard deviation. Paired t test revealed that Cinnamon tea was found to be effective in reducing weight at the level of *P<0.05.Conclusion:the findings of the present study revealed that the prescribed cinnamon tea resulted in an improvement reduction of weight. However, we need further studies with larger samples to investigate the effect of cinnamon in reducing the different factors like weight, BMI, hip waist circumference level in obese adolescents.Keywords: Obesity, Childhood obesity, Adolescent, Cinnamon, BMI, Weight, Cinnamon tea
CURCUMINOID AND TOXICITY LEVELS OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF JAVANESE GINGER (Curcuma xanthorriza) ON BRINE SHRIMP (Artemia salina) LARVAE AND ZEBRAFISH (Danio rerio) EMBRYOS
Authors: Syahbirin Gustini , Mumuh Nurfadilawati , Mohamad Kusdiantoro 
Published: April 2017

Objective: This study was aimed at determining the levels of curcuminoids and analyzing the toxicity of ethanol extracts of Javanese ginger.Methods: Curcuminoid levels were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography, while the toxicity tests were done on larva of brine shrimp (Artemia salina) by using a brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) method and embryos of zebrafish (Danio rerio) using a zebrafish embryo acute toxicity (ZFET) method.Results: The level curcuminoid of ethanol extracts was 10.5% dry wt., consisting of curcumin at the highest percentage (68.06%) followed bydesmethoxycurcumin (24.6%) and bisdemethoxycurcumin (1.41%). In BSLT method, the lethal concentration 50% values (LC) value of our ethanol extract was 238 ppm, whereas in ZFET method, the LC value at 96 hours after fertilization was 80 ppm. The ethanol extract of ginger caused major malformations of the pericardial edema of zebrafish embryos at a concentration of 100 ppm. 50Conclusion: The ethanol extract of Curcuma xanthorrhiza from Bogor contained curcuminoids consisting of curcumin, desmethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin, with acute toxicity, caused major malformations on the pericardial edema in zebrafish embryos.Keywords: Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Curcuminoid, Toxicity, Zebrafish embryo acute toxicity.50
PRESCRIPTION PATTERN OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AMONG DENTAL PRACTITIONERS IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE IN NORTH INDIA
Authors: Suhaib Mohammad , Ahmad Farida , Ahmad Mohammed 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveThe purpose of the study was to find out the pattern of antimicrobial prescription among dental practitioners in a tertiary care centre in North India. Methods:100 prescriptions of the patients attending the various dental outpatient departments of Ziauddin Ahmed Dental College, Aligarh Muslim University were collected and tabulated between January 2016 to June 2016. An observational study was done on the obtained prescriptions on various aspects like dental pathology for which antimicrobial were prescribed, antimicrobial agents used for management of acute and chronic conditions along with their dose and duration. Compliance of the patients during therapy and adverse effects associated with the regimen was also taken into consideration and the final data was expressed as counts and percentages. Results Out of a total of 100 patients 54 (54.0%) were males while females were numbered as 46 (42.0%) with maximum distribution of the patients between 31-40 years. On analysis the most commonly presented dental condition for which antimicrobials were prescribed were Acute/Chronic periodontitis (48%), Acute/Chronic gingivitis (32%), Caries (11%), Post RCT (4%), Pericoronitis (3%), Oral trauma (1%) and other condition (1%). For the management of above conditions antimicrobials were the most extensively used agents which were prescribed for only 3-5 days which may not be sufficient, followed by analgesics and antimicrobial mouthwashes. Among the antimicrobials used, most frequently used agents were Amoxycillin (50%) followed by Ornidazole (21%), Ofloxacin (20%), Doxycycline (16%), Cefixime (9%) and Ciprofloxacin (3%) used either alone or in combination for the management of acute and chronic conditions. Only two patients were advised for culture & sensitivity tests prior to antimicrobial therapy because of non compliance of patients. Majority (74%) of patients completed the prescribed regimen of antimicrobials while 7 patients reported adverse drug reactions(ADRs), among which most common were nausea and vomiting.Conclusions In our study we found that the periodontal diseases were the most frequently reported conditions followed by acute/chronic gingivitis for which antimicrobials were prescribed while Amoxycillin and Ornidazole were the most commonly used antimicrobials for the management of various acute and chronic dental conditions, but were prescribed without culture & sensitivity in most cases. 7% patients reported ADRs. To conclude appropriate measures are to be promoted for rational prescribing and ADR reporting.Keywords: Amoxicillin, Dental, Antimicrobials, infections, Prescription pattern.