bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elucidation of a CGP7930 in vitro metabolite by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Haidong , Zhang Wenxiang , Wang Xian 
Published: January 2016

Rationaleγ‐Aminobutyric acid‐B (GABAB) receptors are widely expressed in the nervous system and have been implicated as targets for various neurological and psychiatric disorders. CGP7930 is a positive allosteric modulator of GABAB receptors. It has been demonstrated to reduce drug self‐administration and has gained increased research as a potential psychotropic treatment.MethodsAn in vitro metabolic system with liver microsomes of SD rats has been conducted and evaluated by probe drugs. The predominant in vitro metabolite of CGP7930 was identified and elucidated using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐QTOF‐MS/MS). Its structure was determined by comparing the characteristic ions of CGP7930 and those of the metabolite, based on the accurate mass measurement by MS and the fragmentation pattern obtained by MS/MS.ResultsWe found that the main metabolic pathway of CGP7930 was via a monohydroxylation reaction and the hydroxylation site located at the terminal butyl‐carbon. The collision‐induced dissociation (CID) fragmentation of the hydroxylated metabolite underwent McLafferty rearrangement and α‐cleavage.ConclusionsThis work provides an understanding of the in vitro metabolism of CGP7930, which is helpful for the further study of the development of potential drug candidates targeting GABAB receptors, for the treatment of depression. The work also demonstrates that the LC/ESI‐QTOF‐MS/MS method has the advantage of possibly determining the structures of drug metabolites without the use of standards. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging of cell cultures for the lipidomic analysis of potential lipid markers in human breast cancer invasion
Authors: Wang Shujuan , Chen Xiaowu , Luan Hemi , Gao Dan , Lin Shuhai , Cai Zongwei , Liu Jianjun , Liu Hongxia , Jiang Yuyang 
Published: January 2016

RationaleBreast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Identification of lipid targets that play a role in breast cancer invasion may advance our understanding of the rapid progression of cancer and may lead to the development of new biomarkers for the disease.MethodsMatrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) was applied for the lipidomic profiling of two poorly invasive and two highly invasive breast cancer cell lines to identify the differentially accumulated lipids related to the invasive phenotype. The four cell lines were individually grown on indium tin oxide (ITO)‐coated glass slides, analyzed as cell cultures. The raster width and matrix for detection were optimized to improve detection sensitivity.ResultsOptimized MSI measurements were performed directly on the cell culture with 9‐aminoacridine as matrix, resulting in 215 endogenous compounds detected in positive ion mode and 267 endogenous compounds in negative ion mode in all the four cell lines, representing the largest group of analytes that have been analyzed from cells by a single MSI study. In highly invasive cell lines, 31 lipids including phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidic acids were found upregulated and eight lipids including sphingomyelin (SM) downregulated in negative ion mode. The products of de novo fatty acid synthesis incorporated into membrane phospholipids, like oleic‐acid‐containing PG, may be involved in mitochondrial dysfunction and thus affect the invasion of breast cancer cells. The deficiency of SM may be related to the disruption of apoptosis in highly invasive cancer cells.ConclusionsThis work uncovered more analytes in cells by MSI than previous reports, providing a better visualization and novel insights to advance our understanding of the relationship between rapid progression of breast cancer and lipid metabolism. The most altered lipids may aid the discovery of diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets of breast cancer. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On generating and exploring the behavior space of complex models
Authors: Pruyt Erik , Islam Tushith 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis paper introduces a novel approach for (i) exploring the spectrum of behaviors system dynamics models could generate and (ii) identifying and selecting exemplar simulation runs that are representative in terms of their dynamics and their origin in the input space. Our overall approach consists of two phases: a first phase of iterative behavior‐based sampling and simulation; and a second phase of behavior‐based classification or clustering, input‐space identification and selection of representative exemplars. For this approach, we introduce new ways to characterize the dynamic complexity of simulation runs, develop a new iterative output‐oriented sampling approach, and combine classification, clustering, data visualization and machine learning techniques. Using two well‐known system dynamics models, we show how our approach enables one to generate a wide spectrum of behaviors and group runs based on their type of behavior, and identify distinct areas in the input space based on the particular type of behavior they generate. Copyright © 2016 System Dynamics Society
Pilot study on the effect of subcutaneous administration of lactated Ringer's solution on biochemistry parameters in healthy euvolemic cats.
Authors: Smith M. Ryan , Greer Rebecca J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSubcutaneous fluid administration is a commonly used therapy in veterinary practice. Its safety and efficacy have been demonstrated in human clinical studies, but have only rarely been discussed in the veterinary literature. This prospective observational study was performed to evaluate changes during a 24 h period in serum biochemistries associated with administration of lactated Ringer's solution subcutaneously to healthy cats. Lactated Ringer's solution was administered subcutaneously once to ten healthy, euvolemic cats at a dose of 22 mL kg−1. Blood biochemistry analytes were sampled at baseline and at serial time points for a total of 24 h. Changes in biochemical analytes at each time point were compared to baseline and evaluated for statistical significance. Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was significantly less than baseline at 4, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h post‐infusion. Serum creatinine was significantly less than baseline at 2, 4 and 6 h. Packed cell volume (PCV) was significantly less than baseline at 6, 12, 18, and 24 h. Total plasma proteins were significantly less than baseline at all time points. Serum electrolytes did not change from baseline at any time point. Urine specific gravity was significantly increased from baseline only at 6 h post‐Lactated Ringer's solution (LRS) administration. Subcutaneous administration of lactated Ringer's solution appears to result in haemodilution with minimal change to serum electrolyte concentrations in clinically normal, euvolemic cats.
Oxidation and Colloidal Stability of Oil‐in‐Water Emulsion as Affected by Pigmented Rice Hull Extracts
Authors: Cheetangdee Nopparat , Benjakul Soottawat 
Published: January 2016

AbstractExtracts from the hull of pigmented rice were prepared using a mixture of methanol–water (1:1, 2:1, and 3:1, v/v) for different extraction times (0–180 min). Total phenolic content (TPC) of the extracts increased with increasing concentration of methanol and extraction time (P < 0.05). A positive correlation between TPC and antioxidant activities, i.e., DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities and reducing power, was observed. The extracts prepared using methanol–water at the ratio of 3:1 for 180 min at 50 °C, referred as rice hull phenolic extract (RHPE), showed the highest TPC and free radical scavenging abilities and reducing power (P < 0.05). When the effects of RHPE on physicochemical stability of the emulsions stabilized by different emulsifiers, i.e., Tween 20 and bovine serum albumin (BSA), were examined, the collapse of emulsion was retarded when RHPE was applied in BSA‐based emulsions, whereas a negative effect was noticeable in Tween 20‐based counterpart. Lower oxidative degree was found for BSA stabilized emulsions, compared to Tween 20 containing system. RHPE (1–3 %) markedly improved the oxidative stability, particularly for BSA stabilized emulsions. Therefore, RHPE could be employed along with the selected protein to increase physicochemical stability of emulsion.
Phase Behavior of Binary Blends of Four Different Waxes
Authors: Jana Sarbojeet , Martini Silvana 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the phase behavior of binary blends of four waxes—beeswax (BW), paraffin wax (PW), sunflower wax (SFW), and rice bran wax (RBW)—using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized light microscopy (PLM). Blends of BW/PW, RBW/PW, SFW/PW, SFW/RBW, SFW/BW, and RBW/BW were crystallized in a DSC, and their melting behavior was used to build binary phase diagrams. The microstructure of the crystalline networks formed in these blends was analyzed using PLM. BW/PW, SFW/PW, SFW/BW, and RBW/BW blends showed eutectic phase behavior, while RBW/SFW showed continuous solid solution and the RBW/PW blend showed monotectic behavior. Results from the box‐counting fractal dimension (Db) measurement of crystal morphology showed higher Db values for the 20 and 80 % wax blends, irrespective of crystallization temperature or wax type. Db values of single waxes decrease as temperature increases.
A technique for pediatric chest wall reconstruction using custom-designed titanium implants: Description of technique and report of two cases
Authors: Anderson Colin J. , Spruiell Murray D. , Wylie Erin F. , McGowan Caitlin M. , Deleyiannis Frederic W. -B. , Donaldson Nathan J. , Heare Travis C. 
Published: January 2016

Purpose We present a surgical technique for chest wall reconstruction using custom-designed titanium implants developed for two female patients to provide both chest wall symmetry and adequate stability for staged breast reconstruction. Methods A retrospective review was performed for two adolescent female patients with large chest wall defects who underwent the described technique. The etiology of the chest wall deficiency was secondary to Poland's syndrome in one patient, and secondary to surgical resection of osteosarcoma in the other patient. For each patient, a fine-cut computed tomography scan was obtained to assist with implant design. After fabrication of the prosthesis, reconstruction was performed though a curvilinear thoracotomy approach with attachment of the implant to the adjacent ribs and sternum. Wound closure was obtained with use of synthetic graft material, local soft tissue procedures, and flap procedures as necessary. Results The two patients were followed post-operatively for 35 and 38 months, respectively. No intra-operative or post-operative complications were identified. Mild scoliosis that had developed in the patient following chest wall resection for osteosarcoma did not demonstrate any further progression following reconstruction. Conclusions We conclude that this technique was successful at providing a stable chest wall reconstruction with satisfactory cosmetic results in our patients.
Management of non‐obstructive azoospermia
Authors: Chiba Koji , Enatsu Noritoshi , Fujisawa Masato 
Published: January 2016

AbstractNon‐obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is defined as no sperm in the ejaculate due to failure of spermatogenesis and is the most severe form of male infertility. The etiology of NOA is either intrinsic testicular impairment or inadequate gonadotropin production. Chromosomal or genetic abnormalities should be evaluated because there is a relatively high incidence compared with the normal population. Although rare, NOA due to inadequate gonadotropin production is a condition in which fertility can be improved by medical treatment. In contrast, there is no treatment that can restore spermatogenesis in the majority of NOA patients. Consequently, testicular extraction of sperm under an operating microscope (micro‐TESE) has been the first‐line treatment for these patients. Other treatment options include varicocelectomy for NOA patients with a palpable varicocele and orchidopexy if undescended testes are diagnosed after adulthood, although management of these patients remains controversial. Advances in retrieving spermatozoa more efficiently by micro‐TESE have been made during the past decade. In addition, recent advances in biotechnology have raised the possibility of using germ cells produced from stem cells in the future. This review presents current knowledge about the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of NOA.
Activation of GPER suppresses epithelial mesenchymal transition of triple negative breast cancer cells via NF‐κB signals
Authors: Chen Zhuo-Jia , Wei Wei , Jiang Guan-Min , Liu Hao , Wei Wei-Dong , Yang Xiangling , Wu Ying-Min , Liu Huanliang , Wong Chris K.C. , Du Jun , Wang Hong-Sheng 
Published: January 2016

The targeted therapy for triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a great challenge due to our poor understanding on its molecular etiology. In the present study, our clinical data showed that the expression of G‐protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) is negatively associated with lymph node metastasis, high‐grade tumor and fibronectin (FN) expression while positively associated with the favorable outcome in 135 TNBC patients. In our experimental studies, both the in vitro migration and invasion of TNBC cells were inhibited by GPER specific agonist G‐1, through the suppression of the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). The G‐1 treatment also reduced the phosphorylation, nuclear localization, and transcriptional activities of NF‐κB. While over expression of NF‐κB attenuated the action of G‐1 in suppressing EMT. Our data further illustrated that the phosphorylation of GSK‐3β by PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 mediated, at least partially, the inhibitory effect of G‐1 on NF‐κB activities. It was further confirmed in a study of MDA‐MB‐231 tumor xenografts in nude mice. The data showed that G‐1 inhibited the in vivo growth and invasive potential of TNBC via suppression of EMT. Our present study demonstrated that an activation of GPER pathway elicits tumor suppressive actions on TNBC, and supports the use of G‐1 therapeutics for TNBC metastasis.
Accuracy of instructor assessment of chest compression quality during simulated resuscitation
Authors: Brennan Erin E. , McGraw Robert C. , Brooks Steven C. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines stress the importance of high quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) as a predictor of survival from cardiac arrest. However, resuscitation training is often facilitated and evaluated by instructors without access to objective measures of CPR quality. This study aims to determine whether instructors experienced in the area of adult resuscitation (emergency department staff and senior residents) can accurately assess the quality of chest compressions as a component of their global assessment of a simulated resuscitation scenario.MethodsThis is a prospective observational study in which objective chest compression quality data (rate, depth, and fraction) were collected from the simulation manikin and compared to subjective instructor assessment. Data were collected during weekly simulation training sessions for residents, medical students, and nursing students.ResultsWe included data from 24 simulated resuscitation scenarios assessed by 1 of 15 instructors. Subjective assessment of chest compression quality identified an adequate compression rate (100–120 compressions per minute) with a sensitivity of 0.17 (confidence interval [CI] 0.02–0.32) and specificity of 0.06 (CI −0.04–0.15), adequate depth (>50 mm) with a sensitivity of 0 and specificity of 0.38 (CI 0.18–0.57), and adequate fraction (>80%) with a sensitivity of 1 and a specificity of 0.25 (CI 0.08–0.42).ConclusionInstructor assessment of chest compression rate, depth, and fraction demonstrates poor sensitivity and specificity when compared to the data from the simulation manikin. These results support the use of objective and technologically supported measures of chest compression quality for feedback during resuscitation education using simulators.
Alexander Scott: Constructing a Legitimate Geography of the Sahara from a Captivity Narrative, 1821
Authors: Outram-Leman Sven D. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract:Alexander Scott’s narrative of his captivity in the Sahara in the early nineteenth century presents a curious example of how information of foreign lands was received and legitimized in Britain. Through the input of individuals such as Joseph Banks and James Rennell, Scott’s tale was presented as an authoritative account of the inaccessible West African interior. This article pursues this process of authentication and demonstrates how elements of the editors” preconceived notion of the region colored the subsequent text and associated cartography.
A Methodology for Optimal Design of Composite Laminates Using Polar Formalism
Authors: Kazemi M. , Verchery G. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAn innovative optimization technique is presented for the design of composite laminated plates subjected to in-plane loads. A list of quasi-homogeneous laminates that can be used as angle-ply materials is proposed as a comprehensive solution for optimum lay-up. Two optimization procedures are performed: Dimensioning of the flexural stiffness and the elastic modulus, which provides the optimal orientations for the layers and offer highest in-plane resistance to composite laminated structures. The polar formalism for plane anisotropy is used to represent the flexural stiffness and elastic modulus tensors. Numerical examples are resolved for two materials with different elastic moduli.
Household food insecurity and diet diversity after the major 2010 landslide disaster in Eastern Uganda: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Rukundo Peter M. , Andreassen Bård A. , Kikafunda Joyce , Rukooko Byaruhanga , Oshaug Arne , Iversen Per Ole 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn 2010, a landslide in Bududa, Eastern Uganda, killed about 350 people and nearly 1000 affected households were resettled in Kiryandongo, Western Uganda. A cross-sectional survey assessed household food insecurity and diet diversity among 1078 affected and controls. In Bududa, the affected had a lower adjusted mean score of food insecurity than controls – 9·2 (se 0·4) v. 12·3 (se 0·4) (P<0·01) – but higher diet diversity score (DDS) – 7·1 (se 0·1) v. 5·9 (se 0·1) (P<0·01). On controlling for disaster and covariates, recipients of relief food had higher food insecurity – 12·0 (se 0·6) v. 10·4 (se 0·3) (P=0·02) – whereas farmers had higher DDS – 6·6 (se 0·2) v. 5·6 (se 0·3) (P<0·01). Household size increased the likelihood of food insecurity (OR 1·15; 95 % CI 1·00, 1·32; P<0·05) but reduced DDS (OR 0·93; 95 % CI 0·87, <1·00; P=0·04). Low DDS was more likely in disaster affected (OR 4·22; 95 % CI 2·65, 6·72; P<0·01) and farmers (OR 2·52; 95 % CI 1·37, 4·64; P<0·01). In Kiryandongo, affected households had higher food insecurity – 12·3 (se 0·8) v. 2·6 (se 0·8) (P<0·01) – but lower DDS – 5·8 (se 0·3) v. 7·0 (se 0·3) (P=0·02). The latter reduced with increased age (OR 0·99; 95 % CI 0·97, 1·00; P<0·05), lowest education (OR 0·54; 95 % CI 0·31, 0·93; P=0·03), farmers (OR 0·59; 95 % CI 0·35, 0·98; P=0·04) and asset ownership (OR 0·56; 95 % CI 0·39, 0·81; P<0·01). Addressing social protection could mitigate food insecurity.
Mobilisation pénale et cycle politique au Canada : étude de cas de 104 résidents permanents haïtiens déportés pour criminalité entre 1989 et 2009
Authors: Tremblay-Faulkner Marc 
Published: January 2016

RésuméLa politique de déportation criminelle épouse une trajectoire cyclique et non partisane. Sur la base d'une étude de cas de résidents haïtiens déportés pour criminalité entre 1989 et 2009, je soutiens que la déportation criminelle ne s'explique pas comme une proportion stable du bassin de résidents permanents mais par l'attention politique qu'elle génère. Une analyse de points de rupture multiple distingue deux phases de mobilisation pénales distinctes. La première phase (1994–1998) correspond à la désignation du problème, puis à sa formulation en projet de loi (C-44). La deuxième phase (2003–2005) correspond à un nouvel épisode de durcissement par une reformulation de l'enjeu autour des notions de risque et d'efficacité (C-11). Malgré le dépôt de réformes législatives visant à accélérer la politique de déportation criminelle (C-43, C-60), l'arrivée du Parti conservateur (2006–2009) correspond à une baisse de la mobilisation pénale durant la période à l’étude.
Link Floer Homology Categorifies the Conway Function
Authors: Benheddi Mounir , Cimasoni David 
Published: January 2016

AbstractGiven an oriented link in the 3-sphere, the Euler characteristic of its link Floer homology is known to coincide with its multi-variable Alexander polynomial, an invariant only defined up to a sign and powers of the variables. In this paper we remove this ambiguity by proving that this Euler characteristic is equal to the so-called Conway function, the representative of the multi-variable Alexander polynomial introduced by Conway in 1970 and explicitly constructed by Hartley in 1983. This is achieved by creating a model of the Conway function adapted to rectangular diagrams, which is then compared to the Euler characteristic of the combinatorial version of link Floer homology.
CRITICAL SOIL ORGANIC CARBON RANGE FOR OPTIMAL CROP RESPONSE TO MINERAL FERTILISER NITROGEN ON A FERRALSOL
Authors: MUSINGUZI PATRICK , EBANYAT PETER , TENYWA JOHN STEPHEN , BASAMBA TWAHA ALI , TENYWA MOSES MAKOOMA , MUBIRU DRAKE N. 
Published: January 2016

SUMMARYSoil Organic Carbon (SOC) is a major indicator of soil fertility in the tropics and underlies variability in crop response to mineral fertilizers. Critical SOC concentrations that interact positively with N fertilizer for optimal crop yield are less understood. A study was conducted on a Ferralsol in sub-humid Uganda to explore the critical range of SOC concentrations and associated fractions for optimal maize (Zea maysL.) yield response to applied mineral N fertiliser. Maize grain yield response to N rates applied at 0, 25, 50 and 100 kg N ha−1in 30 fields of low fertility (SOC<1.2%), medium fertility (SOC = 1.2–1.7%) and high fertility (SOC>1.7%) was assessed. Soil was physically fractionated into sand-sized (63–2000 µm), silt-sized (2–63 µm) and clay-sized (<2 µm) particles and SOC content determined. Low fertility fields (<1.2% SOC) resulted in the lowest response to N application. Fields with >1.2% SOC registered the highest agronomic efficiency (AE) and grain yield. Non-linear regression models predicted critical SOC for optimal yields to be 2.204% at the 50 kg N ha−1rate. Overall, models predicted 1.9–2.2% SOC as the critical concentration range for high yields. The critical range of SOC concentrations corresponded to 3.5–5.0 g kg−1sand-sized C and 9–11 g kg−1for clay-sized C.
Improving Mean Variance Optimization through Sparse Hedging Restrictions
Authors: Goto Shingo , Xu Yan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn portfolio risk minimization, the inverse covariance matrix prescribes the hedge trades in which a stock is hedged by all the other stocks in the portfolio. In practice with finite samples, however, multicollinearity makes the hedge trades too unstable and unreliable. By shrinking trade sizes and reducing the number of stocks in each hedge trade, we propose a “sparse” estimator of the inverse covariance matrix. Comparing favorably with other methods (equal weighting, shrunk covariance matrix, industry factor model, nonnegativity constraints), a portfolio formed on the proposed estimator achieves significant out-of-sample risk reduction and improves certainty equivalent returns after transaction costs.