bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of effective contact rate and post treatment immune status on population tuberculosis infection and disease using a mathematical model
Authors: Issarow Chacha M. , Mulder Nicola , Wood Robin 
Published: October 2017

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) disease burden is determined by both infection and progression rate to disease. Progression rate varies by immune status, with prior infection in high burdened settings significantly reducing the progression to disease from subsequent reinfections and completion of successful treatment associated with increased risk of subsequent TB disease. Novel studies of TB vaccines are now underway targeting high risk individuals who have completed successful combination TB chemotherapy for active TB. Methods: In our study, we explored the impact of effective contact rate (β) and post-treatment immune status on population TB burden using a mathematical model incorporating five immunological states; susceptible, newly infected, reinfected, active TB and treated TB. Results: We found that the number of newly infected individuals increased with increasing values of β< 10yr-1, but declined when β> 10yr-1. Corresponding numbers of reinfected individuals increased with increasing values of β irrespective of post-treatment immune status. Furthermore, we noted that the number of active TB cases decreased by 7 - 17% when treated individuals moved to either newly infected or reinfected immune states, respectively, rather than to the fully susceptible state at values of β< 10yr-1. The corresponding declines in TB burden were only 2 - 7% at values of β> 10yr-1. Results show that TB prevalence in high burden settings is primarily driven by effective contact rates, which are significantly modified by pre- and post-treatment immune factors. Conclusions: The observation that impact of post-treatment immune status modification on population burden may be diminished in very high burdened settings will be important for vaccine design.
Scale up of a Plasmodium falciparum elimination program and surveillance system in Kayin State, Myanmar
Authors: Parker Daniel M. , Landier Jordi , Thu Aung Myint , Lwin Khin Maung , Delmas Gilles , Nosten François H. ,   The Malaria Elimination Task Force Group
Published: October 2017

Background: Myanmar has one of the largest malaria burdens in Southeast Asia. Along the border with Thailand, Plasmodium falciparum parasites are increasingly showing reduced sensitivity to artemisinin combination therapies. Given that there are no current alternative treatment therapies, one proposed solution to the threat of untreatable P. falciparum malaria is to eliminate the parasite from the region. Several small-scale elimination projects have been piloted along the Myanmar-Thailand border. Following their success, this operational research aimed to scale up the elimination to a broad area of Eastern Kayin State, Myanmar. Methods: The project relied on geographic reconnaissance and a geographic information system, community engagement, generalized access to community-based early diagnosis and treatment, near real-time epidemiological surveillance, cross sectional malaria prevalence surveys and targeted mass drug administration in villages with high prevalence of P. falciparum malaria. Molecular markers of drug resistance were also monitored in individuals with symptomatic and asymptomatic infections. Discussion: This project illustrates the establishment of an elimination project and operational research in a remote, rural area encompassing several armed groups, multiple political organizations and a near-absent health care infrastructure. The establishment of the project relied on a strong rapport with the target community, on-the-ground knowledge (through geographic surveys and community engagement), rapid decision making and an approach that was flexible enough to quickly adapt to a complex landscape. The elimination project is ongoing, now over three years in operation, and assessment of the impact of this operational research will follow. This project has relevance not only for other malaria elimination projects but also for operational research aimed at eliminating other diseases.
Integer Programming Approaches for Appointment Scheduling with Random No-Shows and Service Durations
Authors: Jiang Ruiwei , Shen Siqian , Zhang Yiling 
Published: October 2017

We consider a single-server scheduling problem given a fixed sequence of appointment arrivals with random no-shows and service durations. The probability distribution of the uncertain parameters is assumed to be ambiguous, and only the support and first moments are known. We formulate a class of distributionally robust (DR) optimization models that incorporate the worst-case expectation/conditional value-at-risk penalty cost of appointment waiting, server idleness, and overtime into the objective or constraints. Our models flexibly adapt to different prior beliefs of no-show uncertainty. We obtain exact mixed-integer nonlinear programming reformulations and derive valid inequalities to strengthen the reformulations that are solved by decomposition algorithms. In particular, we derive convex hulls for special cases of no-show beliefs, yielding polynomial-sized linear programming models for the least and the most conservative supports of no-shows. We test various instances to demonstrate the computational efficacy of our approaches and to compare the results of various DR models given perfect or ambiguous distributional information. The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2017.1656 .
CORAK TAFSIR AQIDAH (Kajian Komparatif Penafsiran Ayat-ayat Aqidah)
Authors: Atabik Ahmad 
Published: October 2017

This article seeks to describe the theological genre of Qur’anic exegesis with special reference to the comparative sudy on various Qur’anic exegesis towards theological verses. In the course of kalām (theology), there are plenty of Islamic sects, those who involved in the debate of disputed theological issues, most notable of them are the Ash’arite and the Mu’tazilite. Their contention concerning theological issues has also affected the mufassir (Qur’anic exegetes), those who interpret the Qur’anic verses. Some problems which are previously not taken into consideration, gradually systematized, conceived, polarized, and even cause the contention among Islamic community. In this paper, i describe and analyze two issues on kalām discourse; the word of God (kalām Allāh) and ru’yatullāh (seeing God in heaven). In the disputes on both issues, i also provide the Qur’anic exegesis from Mu’tazilite, Asy’arite, and Salafi-Wahabi.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MENGUATKAN DAN MELEMAHKAN KELUARGA DALAM RIWAYAT
Authors: Berenjkar Reza 
Published: October 2017

Keluarga, dalam pandangan Islam, terdiri dari seorang lelaki dan perempuan yang terjalin hubungan pernikahan di antara keduanya dan disempurnakan dengan kelahiran anak-anak. Artikel ini akan memaparkan pandangan al-Quran dan hadis terkait pengokohan bangunan keluarga. Dari ajaran Islam menjadi maklum bahwa indikasi kehidupan manusia muncul dari keluarga dan sesungguhnya Allah swt menciptakan Adam kemudian Hawa secara langsung setelahnya serta menjadikan hubungan pernikahan di antara keduanya. Dengan demikian, dari satu sisi kita mengetahui pentingnya sistem keluarga untuk pertumbuhan dan kesempurnaan manusia yang menjadi tujuan penciptaannya. Dan sisi lain membuktikan keberadaan sistem keluarga sebagai sebuah unsur natural dan fitri yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan ruhani dan jasmani manusia, dan bukan hanya sebatas komitmen atau partisipasi atau sejenis kepemilikan atau saling dominasi. Sistem keluarga bersifat natural bukan berarti tidak adanya kemungkinan penyelewengan, karena hari ini di dunia Barat kita melihat berbagai bentuk fenomena-fenomena ini, seperti maraknya homoseksualitas. Sementara itu, Islam memberikan penekanan pada keluarga dan menetapkan berbagai hukum untuknya dan hubungan antara isteri dan suami serta anak-anak. Berkenaan dengan kedudukan keluarga dalam Islam, Nabi Muhammad saw bersabda: “Tidak ada suatu bangunan di dalam Islam yang lebih dicintai Allah swt dari perkawinan.” Melihat pentingnya keluarga dan perannya dalam perkembangan dan kesempurnaan manusia, banyak hadis menekankan penguatan sistem ini dan memberikan metode-metode untuk itu. Hadis-hadis tersebut juga menjelaskan tantangan dan penyakit yang dihadapi oleh sistem keluarga serta memberikan solusi-solusi untuk menghadapinya.
PEREMPUAN DAN KELUARGA: Membaca Ulang Sirah Ahlul Bait untuk Dunia Modern
Authors: Sadegi Hadi 
Published: October 2017

Isu perempuan dan keluarga selalu menjadi penting bagi umat manusia sehingga problema yang ada tidak dapat diacuhkan begitu saja. Keluarga adalah unit terkecil dari sebuah masyarakat, sementara itu perempuan dianggap sebagai salah satu bagian di dalamnya. Artikel ini mengkaji ulang pembacaan sejarah dalam perspektif ahl al-bait terutama yang terkait dengan eprempuan dan keluarga. Terdapat dua pemahaman yakni perempuan dalam pandangan tradisional dan bahkan modern. Melalui pembacaan ulang ini akan dapat menghindari fanatisme dan kejumudan terhadap perubahan dalam kehidupan sosial, disamping mengukuhkan sistem kehidupan sosial berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip syariat. Konklusi akhirnya adalah sentralitas keluarga dan pembagian peran perempuan dan lelaki secara proporsional berdasarkan jenis kelamin, penetapan metode dan cara yang tepat untuk partisipasi perempuan di tengah masyarakat.
TA’ARUF DALAM KHITBAH PERSPEKTIF SYAFI’I DAN JA’FARI
Authors: Akbar Eliyyil 
Published: October 2017

Family problems are not unusual since parents are individuals with differences in attitude, manner, and ways of interaction. Problems can arise due to jealousy, economic problems, affairs, immorality, and other outside issues. Such problemss are found in newly married as well as longterm couples who have not engaged in the ta’aruf processes. Generally, Indonesian people choose the pre-marriage process, and in this case, ta’aruf are overlapped so that it becomes negative. The overlapping of ta’aruf affects self-esteem, psychological wellbeing and morality. The attitudes of the couple therefore effects their future life, men think negatively about the relationship and women are exploited as they are considered to be influenced by their emotions. Men think that the women are not what they want because the woman cannot keep support her own existence. The mutual relationship between men and women is used to minimize the family’s problems. This paper describes ta’aruf according to the Syafi’i and Ja’fari points of view, and considers which contributes more to ta’aruf actualization in Indonesia. Both philosophies proffer that women should dress in the khibah, that the way women dress women be appropriate to the activities of daily life, and that they may khalwat whether mahram or not. Through ta’aruf one may avoid problems that lead to zina (sexual sin).
HAK PENDIDIKAN ANAK DALAM KELUARGA DALAM PANDANGAN IMAM SYAFI’I DAN RELEVANSINYA DENGAN PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Wartini Atik 
Published: October 2017

A child’s right to education within the family according to Imam Syafi’i and its significance for early childhood education in Indonesia This research is based on library research on the rights of the child to education within the family from the viewpoint of Imam Shafi’i, and the impact of his teachings on early childhood education in Indonesia. The study is interesting because the first schools to appear in Indonesia were of the Syafi’i tradition. Imam Syafi’i jurists and ushuliyyin have collections of poems that express the need to develop education in early childhood. Despite this, the theory of children’s education in the school of Imam Syafi’i is under researched. This study examines three research questions. First, how does one undertake a biography of the thought of Imam Syafi’i and Imam Syafi’i school of thought. Second, what is the concept of children’s rights in the family in the view of Imam Syafi’i. And third, is there reference to early Childhood education that implies the concept of children’s rights to education in the view of Imam Syafi’i. This study concludes that Imam Syafi ‘i in scientific rihlah is purely academic. Imam Syafi’i also elicits several important ideas on a child’s rights within the family, the right to education and the right to self-expression. Imam Syafi’i schools are relevaant to early childhood education in Indonesia in which these (religious education) schools are widespread.
HAK PEREMPUAN MENIKAH TANPA WALI DALAM PANDANGAN IMAM SYAFI’I DAN IMAM JA’FARI
Authors: Ari M. Khoirul Hadi al-Asy , Aini Adrika Fithrotul 
Published: October 2017

A Woman’s Right to Marry without a Guardian According to Imam Syafi’i and Imam Ja’Fari To marry without a guardian and the issue of the marriage guardian are legal marriage issues that always arouse debate among Muslims. In classical literature, “it seems” women do not have the right to marry without a guardian. This paper examines whether women have the right to marry without a guardian and the issue of guardians. This matter not explained explicitly or in detail by the Prophet resulting in a multiplicity of interpretations. Religious leaders and schools of thought, as well as the State, discuss and examine these issues from a variety of perspectives. This paper explains the view of Imam Shafi’i and Iman Ja’fari, based on content analysis ond library-based research. This study looks firstly at patterns of thought and socio-cultural life according to Imam Shafi’i and Imam Ja’fari. Secondly, it discusses their views on the women’s right to marry without a guardian. Lastly, it explores the implications of their thought on the practice of women marrying without a guardian in Indonesia.
PENDIDIKAN UNTUK KESETARAAN: HAK BERSAMA Education for Equality: Equal Rights
Authors: Lailisna Novi Nur 
Published: October 2017

Implementation of the principles of Basic Human Rights in education is an issue on which the struggle continues, both for males and for females. Islam is an egalitarian religion on this matter as stated in the hadith: “According to knowledge, it is obligatory for both Muslim males and females”, (al-Hadist). In the report on education (UIN SGD Bandung, 2008), gender was prioritised, however, discrimination and subordination linger in the interpretations of Islamic verses. Muthtar (YPJ, Topik Empu, 2010) has stated that education in Indonesia remains depressing in terms of the rights of females to education, such that there is a need for a feminist education for marginalised females to increase educational justice and equality for all citizens. 2015 is the year in which education for all is the target of the Millennium Development Goals, which also aim for basic educational access for all, as well as gender equality in primary and secondary schools. Sadli (2010) proposes that in the year that follows, another obstacle must be overcome – the need for equal access to higher education. In a similar vein to the notion that education most simply refers to human demand for knowledge, which starts with the nurturing received from mothers and proceeds throughout life (Life Long Learning), female activists are inspired to promote informal education as an alternative means to becoming educated. Using a prospective approach, this paper outlines educational theory in relation to the rights of females. Further, it looks at how Islam offers educational guidance to females in relation to their roles in the domestic realm (almost 24 hours), and the achievements of the feminist movement in regard to gender and feminist education according to Islam and current Indonesian law. The results of this study offer recommendations which it is hoped will become learning tools and lessons for the critical construction of society. Education, for males and females, is a basic need and human right. Most important is the need to overcome the barriers to education for females. Marginalised females, in particular, bear the right to access to basic, religious and feminist education.
Effect of physical activity levels on negative and positive affect comparison to the gender: Sample of Akdeniz and Uludağ Universities<p>Fiziksel aktivite düzeyinin pozitif ve negatif duygu durumuna etkisinin cinsiyete göre karşılaştırılması: Akdeniz ve Uludağ Üniversiteleri örneği
Authors: Yerlisu Lapa Tennur , Haşıl Korkmaz Nimet 
Published: October 2017

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of physical activity levels on negative and positive affect according to the gender within university students. The participants of the study consisted of 693 university students from Akdeniz and Uludağ Universities (311 males and 382 females) with the ages ranging between 17 and 30. The data of the study were obtained through the use of the following scales: International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form and Positive-Negative Affect Scale. The student’s t-test, Pearson product-moment correlation and simple regression analysis were employed for the statistical analysis. As a result of the study; physical activity levels of male was significantly higher than female students. There is a statistically significant positive linear relationship between total physical activity score and positive affect meanwhile a significant relationship with positive affect was not obtained. Consequently, total physical activity score is one of the predictors of positive affect in male and female students.Extended English abstract is in the end of PDF (TURKISH) file.ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı, üniversitede okuyan öğrencilerin cinsiyetlerine göre fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin pozitif ve negatif duygu durumuna etkisini incelemektir. Çalışmaya Akdeniz ve Uludağ Üniversitesinde eğitim gören 17-30 yaşları arasında 311 (Akdeniz Ü. 184–Uludağ Ü. 127) erkek ve 382 (Akdeniz Ü. 209–Uludağ Ü. 173) kadın olmak üzere toplam 693 öğrenci katılmıştır. Çalışmada uluslararası fiziksel aktivite anketinin kısa formu ve pozitif/negatif duygu ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde, t testi, pearson korelasyon analizi ve basit doğrusal regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak; erkeklerin fiziksel aktivite değerleri kadınlara göre anlamlı olarak yüksek bulunmuştur. Toplam fiziksel aktivite değeri ile pozitif duygu durumu arasında pozitif doğrusal ilişki olduğu saptanmış olup, negatif duygu durumu ile ilişkili olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Buna göre; toplam fiziksel aktivite değerinin pozitif duygu durumunu kadın ve erkeklerde anlamlı düzeyde açıkladığı görülmektedir.
Chroboty, echa, oho! Słuch i inne zmysły w poezji Mirona Białoszewskiego
Authors: Kopkiewicz Aldona 
Published: October 2017

The very relation between possibility of writing and sensitivity is a main concern of this interpretation of Miron Białoszewski’s poetry. At the start, I notice traumatic state of writing subjectivity, which I see as a negative affect. Białoszewski’s trauma manifests itself as an acedia in the Leżenia poetry cycle, in which the poet searches for another, positive affective simulation as well. He finds it in the very work of language, of sounds, and of material reality surrounding him. As he tries to revive himself and his writing mainly through the senses of touching and hearing/listening, I use the model of subjectivity described by Jean-Luc Nancy in the essay On listening, to understand how creative, writing subjectivity works on sensual and language levels.
Gra w baśnie. O relacji baśni i gier wideo
Authors: Polachowska Agnieszka 
Published: October 2017

The article presents the new-founded relations between the genre of fairytale and its representations in video games. Following the concept of multimedia genres created by Edward Balcerzan, the article demonstrates a holistic view of the term “genre”. It combines it with the media theory by Krzysztof Kozłowski, which emphasizes social connotations of each medium and their ability to represent different genres. On the other hand, each and every genre can manifest itself through various media that enables mutual development. This theory finds its reflection in the analysis of the above-mentioned relations. The author applies the theoretical tools used for the analysis and interpretation of literary fairytales to video games based on the fairytale motifs. Two chosen examples, Trine by the Frozenbyte studio and Brothers: A Tale of Two Sons by the Starbreeze studio, represent not only a new way to fulfill the potential of the genre, but also innovative solutions in the evolution of gaming.
Apologia poetyki
Authors: Madejski Jerzy 
Published: October 2017

The article deals with Edward Balcerzan’s book called Pochwała poezji (Praise of poetry ) (Mikoł.w 2013). The author discusses it in the context of modern academic writing, as well as in relation to tradition and today’s autobiographical practice, but above all shows what task does structuralist poetics accomplish and how it influences the interpretation of a literary work.
„Staroświeccy mieszczanie”. Intymistyka Michała Głowińskiego w perspektywie kulturowej
Authors: Okupnik Małgorzata 
Published: October 2017

Michał Głowiński is the author of autobiographical series including: Czarne sezony, Magdalenka z razowego chleba, Kładka nad czasem, Historia jednej topoli and Kręgi obcości. His works may be analysed in a number of different ways. One of them is to take a view of middle-class values, frequently presented in his autobiographical stories. As Głowiński writes, he comes from a middle-class Jewish family and his grandparents were merchants, the ones in Victorian middle-class style. Głowiński’s stories contribute greatly to a literary documentation of those forever lost people and times; those real ‘old-fashioned townspeople’.
Statistics and Analysis of Aircraft Collisions with Birds (Bird Strikes) in Military Aviation
Authors: Krutkow Antonina , Pigłas Mieczysław , Smoliński Henryk , Szymczak Janusz 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The article describes statistical data regarding bird strikes with military aircraft (A/C) and analyses them applying the method of probabilistic criteria. The presented analytical materials can be used by planning undertakings aimed at ensuring flight safety in aviation organisations and at the airports.
The Research of Modern Radar Equipment Conducted in the Air Force Institute of Technology by the Application of Military Aircrafts
Authors: Brzozowski Marek , Pakowski Mariusz , Myszka Mirosław , Michalczewski Mirosław , Winiarska Urszula 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The publication described selected issues from the research area of modern radar equipment produced by the Polish industrial plants, using military aircrafts of various types. A technical development caused a substantial improvement of detection parameters of flying objects by radar sensors what forces changes in research methods used to verify tactical and technical parameters of these devices. The article covers research methods of radar equipment, pilots’ assistive devices as well as methods of logging and processing the measurement data applied in the Research Laboratory for Radar Equipment and Aeronautical Engineering of the AFIT (pol. Laboratorium Badań Urządzeń Radarowych i Techniki Lotniczej ITWL).
The Analysis of the Available Technology of Exploiting and Applying Biohydrocarbons for Fuel Production Part I
Authors: Gielo-Klepacz Halina , Karp Grażyna , Dzięgielewski Wojciech 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe article shows the current state of knowledge in the area of applying biohydrocarbons for fuel production, especially in aeronautical applications and to power compression-ignition engines. The technologies based on biochemical and thermal/chemical conversion of biomass are described. Technological potential of these technologies is evaluated. The article is based on the literature review.