bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating Gestational Age With Sonography: Regression‐Derived Formula Versus the Fetal Biometric Average
Authors: Cawyer Chase R. , Anderson Sarah B. , Szychowski Jeff M. , Neely Cherry , Owen John 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesTo compare the accuracy of a new regression‐derived formula developed from the National Fetal Growth Studies data to the common alternative method that uses the average of the gestational ages (GAs) calculated for each fetal biometric measurement (biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, and femur length).MethodsThis retrospective cross‐sectional study identified nonanomalous singleton pregnancies that had a crown‐rump length plus at least 1 additional sonographic examination with complete fetal biometric measurements. With the use of the crown‐rump length to establish the referent estimated date of delivery, each method's (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development regression versus Hadlock average [Radiology 1984; 152:497–501]), error at every examination was computed. Error, defined as the difference between the crown‐rump length–derived GA and each method's predicted GA (weeks), was compared in 3 GA intervals: 1 (14 weeks–20 weeks 6 days), 2 (21 weeks–28 weeks 6 days), and 3 (≥29 weeks). In addition, the proportion of each method's examinations that had errors outside prespecified (±) day ranges was computed by using odds ratios.ResultsA total of 16,904 sonograms were identified. The overall and prespecified GA range subset mean errors were significantly smaller for the regression compared to the average (P < .01), and the regression had significantly lower odds of observing examinations outside the specified range of error in GA intervals 2 (odds ratio, 1.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.31) and 3 (odds ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.17–1.32) than the average method.ConclusionsIn a contemporary unselected population of women dated by a crown‐rump length–derived GA, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development regression formula produced fewer estimates outside a prespecified margin of error than the commonly used Hadlock average; the differences were most pronounced for GA estimates at 29 weeks and later.
Efficacy and safety of a novel picosecond laser using combination of 1 064 and 595 nm on patients with melasma: A prospective, randomized, multicenter, split‐face, 2% hydroquinone cream‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Choi Young‐Jun , Nam Jae‐Hui , Kim Jung Yup , Min Joon Hong , Park Kui Young , Ko Eun Jung , Kim Beom Joon , Kim Won‐Serk 
Published: September 2017

Background and ObjectivesMelasma is a common acquired, chronic hypermelanosis and still remains a therapeutic challenge. The low‐fluence 1 064 nm Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser is the most widely used for the treatment of moderate to severe melasma in Asia. Recently, the picosecond laser has been introduced for various pigmentary disorders such as melasma. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of a picosecond laser with dual‐wavelengths (1 064 and 595 nm) and topical 2% hydroquinone (HQ) combination therapy on patients with melasma, and compared results with those obtained with 2% HQ alone.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThis was a prospective, randomized, split‐face, controlled trial comparing two treatments with combined 7 week 2% HQ (daily) and 5 week picosecond laser (weekly) versus 7 week 2% HQ. The primary efficacy variable was the change rate of the relative lightness values (RL*I) at week 7 from baseline. RL*I at a follow‐up visit, modified melasma severity score (mMASI), and satisfaction were assessed.ResultsPicosecond laser and 2% HQ had superior efficacy to 2% HQ alone: 30/39 (76.92%) subjects on combination treatment achieved ≥51% improvement of RL*I versus 1/39 (2.56%) subjects on 2% HQ. The mMASI, RL*I, and satisfaction on the laser‐treated side at week 7 supported these results. Aside from RL*I, no difference between the laser‐treated versus control side was found after follow‐up. No serious adverse events were reported.ConclusionA 750 picosecond laser using 1 064 and 595 nm was effective and safe for the treatment of Korean melasma patients. The picosecond laser with dual‐wavelength used in this study can reduce the photothermal effect generated during the removal of pigment and total duration of the procedure, and can be expected to reduce the occurrence of adverse events. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:899–907, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diode laser to treat small oral vascular malformations: A prospective case series study
Authors: Bacci Christian , Sacchetto Luca , Zanette Gastone , Sivolella Stefano 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveThe current work examined a consecutive series of patients presenting vascular malformations (VMs) and venous lakes (VLs) of the lip and oral mucosa who were treated with transmucosal diode laser applications and assessed over a 1 year period.Study Design and MethodsFifty‐nine patients (31 males and 28 females) presenting low‐flow VMs or VLs of the oral cavity were treated transmucosally using a diode laser (with an 830 nm operating wavelength and 1.6 W output power) with a 320 µm diameter flexible fiber. All the lesions were assessed 7 days, 30 days, and 1 year after the laser treatment, and the lesion reduction percentage was scored on a one to five scale. The patients were also asked to assess their pain perception daily during the 7 days following the treatment using a visual analog scale (VAS).ResultsThere were no procedure‐related intra‐ or post‐operative complications; only modest pain intensity was reported. Thirty days after the treatment, lesion reduction was described as excellent or good in 52 cases; it was fair or poor in 7. Six patients (F:M ratio 2:4) required a second diode laser application. At the 1 year follow‐up, volume reduction was complete in 48 out of 59 patients; there were five recurrences (F:M ratio 3:2). No relevant gender‐related differences were noted.ConclusionThe use of diode laser application to treat small oral VMs and VLs was associated to shorter operating times and fewer postoperative complications with respect to the scapel surgery approach. More than one session may nevertheless be required if the anomaly is larger than 10 mm. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:111–116, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Vitamin D in the Parkinson Associated Risk Syndrome (PARS) study
Authors: Fullard Michelle E. , Xie Sharon X. , Marek Ken , Stern Matthew , Jennings Danna , Siderowf Andrew , Willis Allison W. , Chen‐Plotkin Alice S. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundLower vitamin D levels have been associated with manifest Parkinson's disease, prompting the hypothesis that vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency may increase risk for PD.ObjectivesTo evaluate vitamin D levels in a population at risk for developing PD.MethodsPlasma vitamin D levels were measured in the Parkinson Associated Risk Syndrome Study, a cohort of asymptomatic individuals, some of whom are at high risk for PD. Vitamin D levels were compared between subjects at high risk for PD (hyposmia and dopamine transporter scan deficit) versus all others and examined for correlations with dopaminergic system integrity.ResultsMean vitamin D levels did not differ between groups, with a level of 27.8 ng/mL (standard deviation = 12.0) in the high‐risk group versus 24.7 ng/mL (standard deviation = 9.0) in all others (P = 0.09). Vitamin D levels did not associate with putaminal dopamine transporter uptake.ConclusionsOur data from the asymptomatic Parkinson Associated Risk Syndrome cohort do not support the hypothesis that chronic vitamin D insufficiency threatens dopaminergic system integrity, contributing to PD pathogenesis. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Optically controlled on‐coil amplifier with RF monitoring feedback
Authors: Gudino Natalia , de Zwart Jacco A. , Duan Qi , Dodd Stephen J. , Murphy‐Boesch Joe , van Gelderen Peter , Duyn Jeff H. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeTo develop a new optically controlled on‐coil amplifier that facilitates safe use of multi‐channel radiofrequency (RF) transmission in MRI by real‐time monitoring of signal phase and amplitude.MethodsMonitoring was carried out with a 4‐channel prototype system by sensing, down sampling, digitizing, and optically transmitting the RF transmit signal to a remote PC to control the amplifiers. Performance was evaluated with benchtop and 7 T MRI experiments.ResultsMonitored amplitude and phase were stable across repetitions and had standard deviations of 0.061 μT and 0.0073 rad, respectively. The feedback system allowed inter‐channel phase and B1 amplitude to be adjusted within two iterations. MRI experiments demonstrated the feasibility of this approach to perform safe and accurate multi‐channel RF transmission and monitoring at high field.ConclusionWe demonstrated a 4‐channel transceiver system based on optically controlled on‐coil amplifiers with RF signal monitoring and feedback control. The approach allows the safe and precise control of RF transmission fields, required to achieve uniform excitation at high field. Magn Reson Med 79:2833–2841, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Kinetic‐Controlled Formation of Bimetallic Metal–Organic Framework Hybrid Structures
Authors: Guo Wenhan , Xia Wei , Cai Kunting , Wu Yingxiao , Qiu Bin , Liang Zibin , Qu Chong , Zou Ruqiang 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHeterometallic metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are constructed from two or more kinds of metal ions, while still remaining their original topologies. Due to distinct reaction kinetics during MOF formation, partial distribution of different metals within a single MOF crystal can lead to sophisticated heterogeneous nanostructures. Here, this study reports an investigation of reaction kinetics for different metal ions in a bimetallic MOF system, the ZIF‐8/67 (M(2‐mIM)2, M = Zn for ZIF‐8, and Co for ZIF‐67, 2‐mIM = 2‐methylimidazole), by in situ optical method. Distinct kinetics of the two metals forming single‐component MOFs are revealed, and when both Co and Zn ions are present in the starting solution, homogeneous distributions of the two metals are only achieved at high Co/Zn ratio, while at low Co/Zn ratio concentration gradient from Co‐rich cores to Zn‐rich shells is observed. Further, by adding the two metals in sequence, more sophisticated structures are achieved. Specifically, when Co2+ is added first, ZIF‐67@ZIF‐8/67 core–shell nanocrystals are achieved with tunable core/shell thickness ratio depending on the time intervals; while when Zn2+ is added first, only agglomerates of irregular shape form due to the weak nucleation ability of Zn2+.
New Experimental Technique for Nodularity and Mg Fading Control in Compacted Graphite Iron Production on Laboratory Scale
Authors: Hernando Juan Carlos , Domeij Björn , González Daniel , Amieva José Manuel , Diószegi Attila 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The narrow production window for compacted graphite iron material (CGI) drastically reduces the possibilities to produce it in small batches outside an industrial environment. This fact hinders laboratory-scale investigations on CGI solidification. This work presents a solution to that issue by introducing an experimental technique to produce graphitic cast iron of the main three families. Samples of a base hypereutectic spheroidal graphite iron (SGI) were re-melted in a resistance furnace under Ar atmosphere. Varying the holding time at 1723 K (1450 °C), graphitic irons ranging from spheroidal to lamellar were produced. Characterization of the graphite morphology evolution, in terms of nodularity as a function of holding time, is presented. The nodularity decay for the SGI region suggests a linear correlation with the holding time. In the CGI region, nodularity deterioration shows a slower rate, concluding with the sudden appearance of lamellar graphite. The fading process of magnesium, showing agreement with previous researchers, is described by means of empirical relations as a function of holding time and nodularity. The results on nodularity fade and number of nodules per unit area fade suggest that both phenomena occur simultaneously during the fading process of magnesium.
Hegel: A Dialetheist? Truth and Contradiction in Hegel’s Logic
Authors: Bordignon Michela 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe article aims to show that Priest wrongly associates Hegel’s dialectic with his dialetheism. Even if Priest correctly argues that the notion of contradiction in Hegel’s logic is a logical one and that contradiction is meant to be true, Hegel goes a long way beyond Priest’s dialetheism insofar as he is not committed to a dialetheist conception of a three truth-values logic. I start my analysis with a brief introductory overview of the dialetheist’s thesis of the truth of contradiction. Then, in the first part of the article, I show that Hegel’s notion of contradiction can be equated with a logical contradiction and that Hegel argues that some contradictions are true. In the second part of the paper I show that Hegel’s thesis of the truth of contradiction is different from Priest’s, because Hegel endorses a developmental conception of truth which allows him to account for complex and dynamic properties of reality in a way that Priest’s does not allow.
New Human Rights Concept for Old African Problems: An Analysis of the Challenges of Introducing and Implementing Indigenous Rights in Africa
Authors: Tamuno Paul 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe adoption by some peoples in Africa of the indigenous rights concept has brought about new challenges regarding the application of the concept to these peoples. The indigenous rights concept was shaped by the colonial experiences of indigenous peoples in the Americas and Australasia. The international understanding of the concept pre-supposes the existence of a set of group rights belonging to peoples who are descendants of the earlier inhabitants of the territory on which a state is located, in contrast to other citizens of that state who are considered colonial settlers. The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights has attempted to overcome this challenge by evolving a description of indigenousness for Africa. This article argues that, although the conceptual challenges that flow from the foreign origin of the concept have not been fully overcome, the African Commission's description has successfully located Africa within the global indigenous rights framework.
Is it all going south? Four future scenarios for Antarctica
Authors: Liggett Daniela , Frame Bob , Gilbert Neil , Morgan Fraser 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThe future is uncertain for Antarctica, with many possibilities – some more plausible, others more preferable. Indeed, the region and its governance regime may be reaching (or may have reached) a crossroads moment as a result of a series of challenges, including the changing Antarctic climate and environment, increasing human activity, shifting values among Antarctic states and a low-cost, somewhat benign governance regime (the Antarctic Treaty System). Within this context there are a number of interdependent drivers that are likely to influence Antarctica's future over, say, 25 years: global environmental and socio-economic developments; Antarctic governance; Antarctic research, including national Antarctic programme operations; and Antarctic tourism. The research presented here involved a thorough examination of Antarctic literature on current Antarctic developments and challenges, and an assessment of global trends. Scenarios were developed through a facilitated workshop process. From these, four future scenarios were developed based on interactions between these drivers. The resulting scenarios provide a dynamic, evolving possibility space to be explored as a means of understanding where Antarctic issues might evolve, depending on the growth or diminishing importance of drivers. In turn these suggest that more structured polar futures are needed based on formal quantitative and qualitative data.
An analysis of three curriculum approaches to teaching English in public-sector schools
Authors: Graves Kathleen , Garton Sue 
Published: September 2017

This article explores three current, influential English language teaching (ELT) curriculum approaches to the teaching of English in public-sector schools at the primary and secondary level and how the theory of each approach translates into curriculum practice. These approaches are communicative language teaching (CLT), genre-based pedagogy, and content and language integrated learning (CLIL). For consistency across approaches, the theoretical underpinnings of each will be briefly described according to a matrix of curriculum factors including:•the view of language and language acquisition underlying the approach•how learners’ needs are construed•the nature of the content and materials•the teacher's role•the context•how language is assessedThis is followed by a discussion of research on how each approach is implemented in primary and secondary contexts, the extent to which the theory is put into practice and factors that influence its success in the classroom. Implications for the future of curriculum development in ELT will be discussed. These implications address the viability of CLT in primary and secondary schools, the role of knowledge about language in curriculum implementation, and teacher roles and identity.
Function modeling combined with physics-based reasoning for assessing design options and supporting innovative ideation
Authors: Mokhtarian Hossein , Coatanéa Eric , Paris Henri 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFunctional modeling is an analytical approach to design problems that is widely taught in certain academic communities but not often used by practitioners. This approach can be applied in multiple ways to formalize the understanding of the systems, to support the synthesis of the design in the development of a new product, or to support the analysis and improvement of existing systems incrementally. The type of usage depends on the objectives that are targeted. The objectives can be categorized into two key groups: discovering a totally new solution, or improving an existing one. This article proposes to use the functional modeling approach to achieve three goals: to support the representation of physics-based reasoning, to use this physics-based reasoning to assess design options, and finally to support innovative ideation. The exemplification of the function-based approach is presented via a case study of a glue gun proposed for this Special Issue. A reverse engineering approach is applied, and the authors seek an incremental improvement of the solution. As the physics-based reasoning model presented in this article is heavily dependent on the quality of the functional model, the authors propose a general approach to limit the interpretability of the functional representations by mapping the functional vocabulary with elementary structural blocks derived from bond graph theory. The physics-based reasoning approach is supported by a mathematical framework that is summarized in the article. The physics-based reasoning model is used for discovering the limitations of solutions in the form of internal contradictions and guiding the design ideation effort.
Endocarditis of a congenital coronary fistula in a child
Authors: Krasemann Thomas , van Beynum Ingrid M. , Frohn-Mulder Ingrid M. E. , Dalinghaus Michiel 
Published: September 2017

AbstractEndocarditis of congenital coronary fistulas in the cardiac chambers is rare, especially in the paediatric age group. We describe the case of a 9-year-old boy with a fistula from the dilated right coronary artery to the junction of the superior caval vein to the right atrium, complicated by endocarditis. Treatment consisted of 6 weeks of antibiotics and interventional closure of the fistula 3 months later with an Amplatzer vascular plug.
Identifying foods with good nutritional quality and price for the Opticourses intervention research project
Authors: Dubois Christophe , Tharrey Marion , Darmon Nicole 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectivePeople on a limited budget want to know the ‘good price’ of foods. Here we report the methodology used to produce an educational tool designed to help recognize foods with good nutritional quality and price, and assess the validity and relevancy of the tool.DesignA ‘Good Price Booklet’ presenting a list of foods with good nutritional quality and price was constructed. The validity of the in-booklet prices was assessed by comparing them with prices actually paid by households from the Opticourses project. The relevancy of the booklet tool was assessed by semi-structured interviews with Opticourses participants.SettingSocio-economically disadvantaged neighbourhoods of Marseille, France.SubjectsNinety-one participants collected household food-purchase receipts over a 1-month period.ResultsBased on the French food database, foods with higher-than-median nutritional quality were identified. After grouping similar foods, 100 foods were selected and their corresponding in-booklet prices were derived based on the distribution of average national prices by food group. Household food purchases data revealed that of the 2386 purchases of foods listed in the booklet, 67·1 % were bought at prices lower than the in-booklet prices. Nineteen semi-structured interviews showed that participants understood the tool and most continued using it more than a month after the intervention.ConclusionsA method was developed to ease the identification of foods with good nutritional quality and price. The Good Price Booklet is an effective tool to help guide people shopping on a low budget.
Exploring the changing institutions of early-stage finance
Authors: SHANE SCOTT , NICOLAOU NICOS 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSince the end of the shakeout following the bursting of the dot com bubble, we have seen substantial innovation in the institutions and organizational arrangements used to finance early-stage high growth technology companies. This paper will document the emergence of business accelerators, angel groups, micro venture capital funds and online equity crowdfunding platforms, and show the rapid growth in angel investing over this period. It will also document the corresponding movement away from traditional venture capital activity at the early stage of company development. The paper will explain how technological advance, specifically the decline in the cost of bringing a new software product to market, has driven this shift in the institutions of early-stage finance.
Autonomie als Prädiktor intrinsischer Motivation im Schulsport
Authors: Sieber Vanda , Wegner Mirko , Schüler Julia 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung. Autonomieförderung gilt als ein wichtiger Prädiktor für intrinsische Motivation im Sport. Anlehnend an bestehende Arbeiten, die zeigen, dass der Zusammenhang von Autonomie und Motivation durch Unterschiede in der dispositionellen Autonomieneigung moderiert wird, prüft die vorliegende Arbeit die zugrundeliegende Passungshypothese für intrinsische Motivation direkt im Schulsportunterricht. Es wird angenommen, dass autonomieförderliche Instruktionen besonders für Schüler und Schülerinnen mit starker Autonomiedisposition die intrinsische Motivation für den Schulsport begünstigen, während sie für Personen mit schwächerer Autonomieausprägung weniger wirksam sind. In einem experimentellen Design wurden 45 Schülerinnen und Schülern entweder einer Autonomie-fördernden (AF) Bedingung, einer Autonomie-einschränkenden (AE) Bedingung oder einer Kontrollgruppe (KG) zugeordnet und die intrinsische Motivation bei einer Basketballübung erfasst. Wie erwartet berichten Personen mit stark ausgeprägter Autonomiedisposition eine signifikant höhere intrinsische Motivation in der Autonomieförderungsbedingung als Personen mit schwacher Autonomieausprägung. Die Ergebnisse sprechen für eine differentielle Betrachtung von Autonomieförderung im Schulsport.