bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cannabis, cannabinoids and health: a review of evidence on risks and medical benefits
Authors: Hoch E. , Volkow N. D. , Friemel C. M. , Lorenzetti V. , Freeman T. P. , Hall W. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe legalization of cannabis for medical and recreational purposes has progressed internationally. Cannabis and cannabinoids are advocated for a plethora of medical indications. An increasing number of medical and nonmedical users regularly consume large doses of delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main active component of cannabis. Aim: to summarize the evidence on (1) risks of recreational cannabis use and (2) effectiveness and safety of medicinal cannabis. Findings on recreational use: Cannabis is mostly used to experience its acute rewarding effects. Regular use of high THC products can produce addiction (cannabis use disorder or CUD). Acute consumption of high THC doses (including unintentionally) can cause time-limited mental, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular problems and motor vehicle accidents. Chronic patterns of cannabis use have been associated with multiple adverse outcomes that are of particular concern among adolescents and young adults, such as, disrupted learning, impaired cognitive performance, reduced educational attainment and an increased risk of CUD, psychosis/schizophrenia, mood and anxiety disorders and suicidal behaviors. There is debate about the extent to which cannabis use is a cause of these adverse outcomes. Physical health risks (e.g., respiratory and cardiovascular, prematurity and restricted fetal growth, hyperemesis syndrome among others) have also been linked with repeated consumption of cannabis with a high THC content. Findings on medical cannabis use: Herbal cannabis, medicines from extracted or synthetized cannabinoids—often used as adjuvants to standard medicines—may produce small to modest benefits. This is primarily the case in treating chronic pain, muscle spasticity, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and refractory epilepsy (in the case of cannabidiol, CBD). The evidence is inconclusive on their value in treating mental disorders and other medical conditions. Safety: Cannabis-based medicine is generally well tolerated. There is a risk of mild to moderate adverse effects and CUD.
An assessment of the Henssge method for forensic death time estimation in the early post-mortem interval
Authors: Heinrich Fabian , Rimkus-Ebeling Felix , Dietz Eric , Raupach Tobias , Ondruschka Benjamin , Anders-Lohner Sven 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Time-since-death (TSD) diagnostics are crucial in forensic medical casework. The compound method by Henssge and Madea, which combines temperature and non-temperature-based techniques, is widely used to estimate TSD. This study aims to validate the predictive ability of this method in a cohort of 76 deceased individuals with known times of death (TOD).

Methods
A convenience sample of 76 deceased individuals was examined at the Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf. The study included individuals who died at the hospital and those with sudden death in public. Exclusion criteria included age under 18, known infection or sepsis, polytrauma, bleeding, and hyperthermia. The TSD interval was calculated using the Deathtime software.

Results
The overall agreement between the actual TOD and the 95% prediction interval for the TSD was 36.8% (95% CI: 26.1 to 48.7). Warm-stored corpses showed a higher agreement (61.9% [95% CI: 38.4 to 81.9]) compared to cold-stored corpses (27.3% [95% CI: 16.1 to 41.0]). Factors such as body mass index (BMI) and body surface area (BSA) were found to influence the odds of agreement. Assuming a plausible range of ambient temperatures between death and admission improved the agreement in cold-stored cases.

Conclusion
The study found low to moderate agreement between the actual TOD and the 95% prediction interval using the Henssge method. Incorporating BMI and BSA could improve the predictive accuracy of TSD estimations. Further research with larger sample sizes and external validation is recommended to refine the model.
Expression of mRNA for molecules that regulate angiogenesis, endothelial cell survival, and vascular permeability is altered in endothelial cells isolated from db/db mouse hearts
Authors: Bartkowiak Krzysztof , Bartkowiak Mateusz , Jankowska-Steifer Ewa , Ratajska Anna , Czarnowska Elżbieta , Kujawa Marek , Aniołek Olga , Niderla-Bielińska Justyna 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a condition that includes symptoms, such as obesity, hyperglycemia, and hypertension, which elevate cardiovascular risk. An impaired angiogenic response of endothelial cells (ECs) in heart and peripheral organs has been proposed in MetS, but the mechanisms of this phenomenon have not been thoroughly explored. Results obtained from evaluating the whole myocardium are inconsistent, since different types of cells react differently to MetS environment and a variety of molecular pathways are involved in the angiogenic response. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to study one selected pathway—the VEGF/VEGFR pathway, which regulates the angiogenic response and microvascular permeability in ECs isolated from db/db mouse hearts. The expression of mRNAs for VEGF/VEGFR axis proteins was assessed with RT-PCR in ECs isolated from control and db/db mouse myocardium. The density of CD31-, VEGFR2-, and VE-cadherin-positive cells was examined with confocal microscopy, and the ultrastructure of ECs was analyzed with transmission electron microscopy. The aortic ring assay was used to assess the capacity of ECs to respond to angiogenic stimuli. Our results showed a decreased number of microvessels, diminished expression of VE-cadherin and VEGFR2 and widened gaps between the ECs of microcapillaries. The aortic ring assay showed a diminished number of sprouts in db/db mice. These results may indicate that ECs in MetS enhance the production of mRNA for VEGF/VRGFR axis proteins, yet sprout formation and vascular barrier maintenance are limited. These novel data may provide a foundation for further studies on ECs dysfunction in MetS.
Plant developmental oddities
Authors: Pozzi Carlo M. , Brambilla Vittoria F. , Gaiti Angelo , Spada Alberto 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Main conclusion
Plants lacking shoot apical meristem develop with unique body shapes, suggesting rewiring of developmental genes. This loss of the meristem is likely influenced by a combination of environmental factors and evolutionary pressures.

Abstract
This study explores the development of plant bodies in three families (Podostemaceae, Lemnaceae, and Gesneriaceae) where the shoot apical meristem (SAM), a key structure for growth, is absent or altered. The review highlights alternative developmental strategies these plants employ. Also, we considered alternative reproduction in those species, namely through structures like turions, fronds, or modified leaves, bypassing the need for a SAM. Further, we report on studies based on the expression patterns of genes known to be involved in SAM formation and function. Interestingly, these genes are still present but expressed in atypical locations, suggesting a rewiring of developmental networks. Our view on the current literature and knowledge indicates that the loss or reduction of the SAM is driven by a combination of environmental pressures and evolutionary constraints, leading to these unique morphologies. Further research, also building on Next-Generation Sequencing, will be instrumental to explore the genetic basis for these adaptations and how environmental factors influence them.
N-Check: Nervencheck zur Erfassung einer chemotherapieinduzierten peripheren Neuropathie (CIPN) bei nichtheilbarer Krebserkrankung
Authors: Syben Annabell , Weber Sascha , Appelmann Iris , Rolke Roman 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungDie chemotherapieinduzierte Polyneuropathie (Synonym: chemotherapie-induzierte periphere Neuropathie, CIPN) umfasst ein Symptomspektrum, das von Hypästhesien mit Störung von Gang‑, Stand- und Feinmotorik bis hin zu schmerzhaften Dysästhesien und Allodynien reicht und die Lebensqualität von Betroffenen maßgeblich beeinträchtigt. In der vorliegenden Pilotstudie wurde mittels quantitativer sensorischer Testung (QST) die CIPN als häufige unerwünschte Wirkung von Zytostatika bei Patient:innen mit einer nichtheilbaren Krebserkrankung untersucht. Die QST ist ein standardisiertes Untersuchungsverfahren, das bei Krebspatient:innen bisher jedoch nicht routinemäßig eingesetzt wird. Sie untersucht thermische und mechanische Wahrnehmungs- und Schmerzschwellen zur Erfassung des subjektiv erlebten Schmerzphänotyps. Im Pilotprojekt N‑Check wurde die QST vor und nach potenziell CIPN-induzierender Therapie eingesetzt und die erhobenen Daten in einer Prä-post-Analyse verglichen. Zusätzlich wurden die spezifischen Auswirkungen der CIPN auf die gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität der Patient:innen mithilfe des Fragebogens Functional Assessment for Cancer Therapy – General (FACT-G) erfasst. Insgesamt zeigte sich bei den Patient:innen nach Chemotherapie eine signifikante Hitzehypalgesie als Zeichen einer Schädigung kleiner Nervenfasern. Darüber hinaus fanden sich Zeichen einer Verschlechterung der Lebensqualität. Die Machbarkeit der QST bei Patient:innen mit nichtheilbarer Krebserkrankung und neurotoxischer Chemotherapie konnte in der vorliegenden Pilotstudie gezeigt werden.
Graphic abstract
Climate change impacts on livestock in Brazil
Authors: N. C. R. Ferreira , R. R. Andrade , L. N. Ferreira 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBrazilian livestock provides a significant fraction of the food consumed globally, making the country one of the largest producers and exporters of meat, milk and eggs. However, current advances in the production of protein from Brazilian animal origin may be directly impacted by climate change and the resulting biophysical effects. Therefore, it is strategically consistent to develop measures to deal with the resulting environmental heat stress on domesticated animal species, especially the need in developing countries. This work aims to (1) evaluate the impacts of climate change on livestock (cattle-dairy, cattle-beef, goats, sheep, pigs, poultry-general) in different regions of Brazil and (2) discuss possible response strategies, associated with animal comfort and welfare. From our results, we can draw better strategies to mitigate the impacts of climate change on livestock production. The results presented show an increase of high heat stress in South and Southeast and an increase of extreme heat stress in North and Central-West areas of Brazil. The rise in extreme heat stress tends to occur mostly during spring and summer and tends to vary considering the different evaluated species. Within the evaluated species, the ones that seem to be more affected by climate changes are Poultry, pigs, cattle-beef and general (temperature-humidity index value). The differences between the results for the five geographic regions in Brazil suggests that different mitigation measures need to be considered to cope with future heat stress in livestock. To ensure the long-term success of Brazil's influence on the global market for proteins of animal origin, it must achieve sustainable production systems more intensively.
Wind speed super-resolution and validation: from ERA5 to CERRA via diffusion models
Authors: Merizzi Fabio , Asperti Andrea , Colamonaco Stefano 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Copernicus Regional Reanalysis for Europe, CERRA, is a high-resolution regional reanalysis dataset for the European domain. In recent years, it has shown significant utility across various climate-related tasks, ranging from forecasting and climate change research to renewable energy prediction, resource management, air quality risk assessment, and the forecasting of rare events, among others. Unfortunately, the availability of CERRA is lagging 2 years behind the current date, due to constraints in acquiring the requisite external data and the intensive computational demands inherent in its generation. As a solution, this paper introduces a novel method using diffusion models to approximate CERRA downscaling in a data-driven manner, without additional informations. By leveraging the lower resolution ERA5 dataset, which provides boundary conditions for CERRA, we approach this as a super-resolution task. Focusing on wind speed around Italy, our model, trained on existing CERRA data, shows promising results, closely mirroring the original CERRA. Validation with in-situ observations further confirms the model’s accuracy in approximating ground measurements.
Design of high performances electronically reconfigurable antenna arrays by means of parasitic structures and RF-MEMS switches
Authors: Donelli Massimo , Tagliapietra Girolamo , Guha Koushik , Dal Chiele Irene , Iannacci Jacopo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis work explores the development of smart array antennas, able to electronically change their beam patterns through reconfigurable linear, planar, or conformal parasitic structures controlled by mean of a set of electronic switches namely the radio frequency micro-electromechanical switches (RF-MEMS). The motivation of this study is to extend and make competitive the use of reconfigurable antenna arrays in areas such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and wireless sensor networks. These hot research areas require a capillary distribution of sensors characterized by compact dimensions and limited cost. The radiating systems play a key role in such applications since the improvement of the radiating properties can dramatically reduce the power consumption of such sensors and extend their operative range. Standard smart antenna arrays such as phased, or fully adaptive arrays are extremely expensive, expensive and difficult to control. In this work, the use of smart reconfigurable antenna arrays that do not require expensive digital variable phase shifters and attenuators has been considered. The proposed antenna structures are based on reconfigurable parasitic structures, that thanks to suitable RF-MEMs switches are able to obtain a desired beam pattern, by steering the main beam in a given direction, removing eventually interfering signals and maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio SNR. The versatility, simplicity, and low cost of such antennas make them particularly suitable for the emergent wireless sensor networks and IoT applications. Theoretical background, design guidelines, and suggestions for their fabrication are detailed in this work. Some antenna models for different practical applications are designed, optimized, numerically assessed with commercial electromagnetic simulators, and commented to provide a valid alternative to researchers involved in antenna design for IoT applications.
ISRM Suggested Method for Determining the Properties of Rock Bolt Assemblies by Mass Freefall Impact Testing in the Laboratory
Authors: Li Charlie C. , Mikula Peter , Hadjigeorgiou John , Simser Brad , He Manchao , Canbulat Ismet , Joughin William 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis Suggested Method proposes impact tests to determine selected properties of full-scale rock bolt assemblies subject to an axis-aligned impact force. These properties include the stiffness of the bolt assembly, the rise time, the tensile strength, the ultimate displacement, and the energy absorption of the rock bolt assembly. These properties may be used to design or select ground support for burst-prone ground conditions. This Suggested Method is limited to the mass freefall impact test method. It is performed using a test frame in the laboratory. The Method specifies the requirements for the testing apparatus and measurement sensors, the test procedures, the data processing methods and the reporting items.
Contusion expansion, low platelet count and bifrontal contusions are associated with worse patient outcome following traumatic brain injury—a retrospective single-center study
Authors: Andersson Alice S. , Hossain Iftakher , Marklund Niklas 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Cortical contusions are common in moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Cortical contusions often expand, potentially causing neuro-worsening several hours to days post-trauma. While contusion expansion (CE) may affect outcome, potential clinical and radiological markers that can predict CE have been insufficiently explored. In the present single-center retrospective observational cohort study, we evaluated clinical outcome by the Glasgow Outcome Scale extended (GOSE) scale and evaluated risk factor for CE.

Method
Adult TBI patients > 18 years of age, and of all injury severities, were included. Main variables of interest were low platelet count, defined as < 150 × 109/L, presence of bifrontal contusions and CE, defined as absolute contusion volume increase in cm3. Factors associated with CE and clinical outcome according to GOSE were analyzed.

Results
Between 2012–2022, 272 patients were included. Contusion size on admission correlated positively with CE, as did the Marshall and Rotterdam radiological classification scores. Bifrontal contusions were significantly larger at admission, experienced larger CE, and had a worse outcome than contusions in other locations. Patients with a platelet count < 150 × 109/L experienced a greater volume CE and had a worse outcome when compared to patients with a normal platelet count. In a multivariate analysis, CE remained significantly associated with a poor outcome six months post- injury.

Conclusion
Contusion volume at admission, Marshall CT classification and Rotterdam CT score, positively correlated to CE. Bifrontal contusions and a platelet count < 150 × 109/L were associated with CE, and a poor clinical outcome. Large CE volumes were associated with a worse clinical outcome, and CE was per se associated with outcome in a multivariate analysis. Management of these risk factors for CE in the acute post-injury setting may be needed to attenuate contusion expansion and to improve clinical outcome in TBI patients suffering from cortical contusion injuries.
Enhancing surgical occlusion setting in orthognathic surgery planning using mixed reality technology: a comparative study
Authors: Wilkat Max , Schrader Felix , Trusch Julia , Karnatz Nadia , Becker Kathrin , Saigo Leonardo , Rana Majeed 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Orthognathic surgery necessitates precise occlusal alignment during surgical planning, traditionally achieved through manual alignment of physical dental models as the recognized gold standard. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of mixed reality technology in enhancing surgical occlusion setting compared to traditional physical alignment and an established virtual method, addressing the research question: Can mixed reality technology improve the accuracy and efficiency of occlusion setting in orthognathic surgery planning?

Materials & methods
This experimental study compared the surgical occlusion settings of 30 orthognathic cases using three methods: a new virtual method with mixed reality technology, the traditional gold standard of physical alignment, and an established virtual occlusion method using the IPS Case Designer (KLS Martin SE & Co. KG, Tuttlingen, Germany).

Results
Results indicated that surgical occlusions set with mixed reality technology were comparable to the conventional method in terms of maxillary movement and occlusal relationship. Differences observed were within the inter-observer variability of the gold standard. Both virtual methods tended to position the maxilla more anteriorly, resulting in fewer occlusal contacts. However, virtual occlusion demonstrated clinical applicability, achieving an average of 11 occlusal contacts with a bilaterally symmetrical distribution along the dental arch.

Conclusions
The mixed reality environment provides an intuitive and flexible experience for setting surgical occlusion, eliminating the need for costly 3D-printed physical models or the automatic calculations required by other virtual occlusion methods, thereby offering maximum freedom.

Clinical relevance
As a novel form of virtual occlusion, it presents a comprehensive tool that contributes to a timely and cost-effective full digital workflow of orthognathic surgery planning.
Experimental study on Na+ conductivity in NaAlBr4 and atomic-scale investigation of Na+ conduction
Authors: Miyazaki Reona , Nakayama Masanobu , Hihara Takehiko 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The ionic conduction properties of Li/Na metal halides have been extensively studied, with recent attention turning towards Al-based systems. However, limited studies have focused on alkali Al bromides. In this study, we explored the Na+ conduction properties of NaAlBr4. Conductivity measurements at 30 °C revealed a Na+ conductivity of 1.2 × 10−5 S/cm, surpassing that of isostructural NaAlCl4 threefold. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to elucidate the conduction mechanisms revealed that Na+ conduction was not observed in stoichiometric NaAlBr4, which has high formation energies of Na+ vacancies and interstitials (0.88 eV and 0.73 eV, respectively). Nevertheless, a conductivity of 1.2 × 10−5 S/cm was observed. The activation energy for ion conduction was experimentally determined as 0.43 eV, and the migration energies were calculated as 0.26 eV (Na+ vacancies) and 0.16 eV (Na+ interstitials) by MD simulations. These discrepancies in ion conduction were partially explained by the role of transient defects enriched via ball milling in facilitating Na+ conduction on the particle surface, offering insights into the complex ion conduction of ball-milled NaAlBr4.
Sustainable and inclusive development in left-behind places
Authors: Benner Maximilian , Trippl Michaela , Hassink Robert 
Published: September 2024

AbstractScholarly work in economic geography and regional science has recently seen a renewed interest in spatial inequalities, driven significantly by the debate on left-behind places and the resulting geographies of discontent. The plight of left-behind places calls for new place-based policy responses that address the specific challenges of these regions but that at the same time address grand societal challenges such as climate change, biodiversity loss, or pollution with synthetic chemicals. Despite growing attention among economic geographers and regional scientists to either green or inclusive regional development approaches, how to reconcile environmental sustainability and social inclusiveness in highly challenged left-behind places remains poorly understood. This editorial reflects on and critically discusses the literature on left-behind places and distils unifying conceptual characteristics of left-behindness. We argue that left-behindness is a temporal, relational, multidimensional, discursive, but not deterministic concept. The non-determinism of left-behindness opens up different choices for actors to shape regional futures. Imagining and negotiating these futures involves dealing with difficult potential trade-offs between environmental sustainability and social inclusiveness, some of which are explored by the articles in this special issue.