bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Gain Boost Converter Based Energy Harvesting Method for the Ultra‐Low Voltage Difference of HVDC Transmission Line
Authors: Zhang Jiahua , Nie Shaoxiong , Xiao Wenxun , Du Guiping 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTOnline monitoring sensors are crucial for ensuring the long‐term stable operation of high‐voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems. However, ensuring a sustainable and reliable energy supply for these sensors in the HVDC transmission line is extremely challenging. Energy harvesting is an efficient solution to meet the energy supply needs of self‐powered online monitoring sensors. This work proposes a novel method for harvesting energy from the ultra‐low voltage difference of HVDC transmission line using a high‐gain boost converter. Firstly, the structure of the energy harvesting system is proposed. Then, the mechanism by which the gain of the boost converter is easily affected by parasitic parameters of the circuit and device under ultra‐low input voltage is analyzed. A method for automatically stabilizing the output voltage of the boost converter using a post‐stage energy management circuit is proposed. This method avoids the use of closed‐loop control circuits, which would otherwise increase losses. Finally, the boost converter with high gain is designed to elevate the ultra‐low voltage difference to a higher voltage, providing sufficient power for the online monitoring sensors. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been verified through simulations and experiments, demonstrating that the energy harvesting system can extract energy from a voltage difference as low as 35 mV. Additionally, the system can produce a stable output power of up to 128 mW when the voltage difference is 100 mV.
Using Empirical Performance Data to Source Bluebunch and Snake River Wheatgrass Plant Materials to Restoration Sites in the Eastern Great Basin, USA
Authors: Jones Thomas A. , Monaco Thomas A. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTTo infer adaptation of plant material, restoration practitioners often consider only surrogate geographic or climatic information. However, empirical biomass data could assist in deciding what material to use where. To test this approach, we transplanted seven bluebunch wheatgrass (BBWG; Pseudoroegneria spicata) and five Snake River wheatgrass (SRWG; Elymus wawawaiensis) populations to three sites ranging from low to high precipitation (LPPT, MPPT, and HPPT). We measured establishment‐year (2011) biomass at all sites and 2012–16 biomass at MPPT and HPPT. When data were standardized by site, P‐7 and Anatone produced the most BBWG biomass across sites and Wahluke the least in both 2011 and 2012–16, while E‐58X produced the most SRWG biomass and Secar and E‐49X the least in 2011 and 2012–16, respectively. Among BBWG populations in 2011, relative performance of P‐7 (G6 generation) and Goldar increased and Whitmar decreased at wetter sites, while Columbia was stable (high) and Wahluke was stable (low) over sites. Among SRWG populations in 2011, Secar, Secar78, and E‐58X increased at drier sites and Discovery at wetter sites. However, once established, populations of both species were much more similar for trend. In 2012–16, trend somewhat increased for five BBWG populations from MPPT to HPPT, was stable for Wahluke, but declined for Columbia, while all five SRWG populations declined at HPPT. These results suggest that, once established, BBWG is mostly stable across sites, while SRWG is less adapted to wetter sites. In 2012–16, BBWG populations originating at drier (or wetter) sites mostly performed relatively better at MPPT (or HPPT), suggesting adaptation to site. However, in the establishment year (2011), this relationship did not hold, suggesting seedling vigor and immature growth rate play a stronger role than precipitation at the site of origin.
Community Trait Variation Drives Selection on Species Diversity Through Feedback With Predator Density
Authors: Vu Phuong‐Anh , Becks Lutz 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIdentifying the processes underlying community assembly and dynamics remains a central goal in ecology. Although much research has been devoted to analyzing how environments affect species diversity, fewer studies have resolved the link between the fundamental process of ecological selection and species diversity. It has been suggested that identifying ecological selection by estimating changes in community‐weighted variance (CWV) and mean (CWM) of functional traits may help to identify more general rules of community assembly. Here, we asked whether and how selection by predation and competition affect species diversity, and how this is determined by the initial CWV and CWM for traits governing species interactions, as in our case: Competitiveness and defense against a predator. We tracked experimental five‐species phytoplankton communities in the presence and absence of a rotifer predator over time. We manipulated the initial community composition so that communities shared at least three of the five species but differed in CWV and CWM for defense against predation. We found that species diversity was highest with higher initial trait distributions and that temporal changes in diversity correlated with trait selection. The initial distributions determined the form of selection over time, with directional selection for defense and competitiveness, followed by reduced selection and an increase in niche availability when the initial trait distribution was low or high. For intermediate initial trait distributions, we observed directional selection in only one trait, followed by stabilizing selection. Differences and changes in selection for defense, competitiveness, and species diversity correlated with the changes in predator density over time. This suggests that the initial trait distribution determined species diversity through a feedback loop with changes in selection on traits and predator density. Overall, our study shows that identifying ecological selection on functional traits can provide a mechanistic understanding of community assembly.
Impact of core thickness and opening height on the combustion characteristics of polyethylene sandwich panels
Authors: Wu Peng , Fu Jiankun , Zhang Yipeng , Zhou Ru , Hao Min , Jiang Juncheng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPolyethylene (PE) sandwich panels are being increasingly used in external building insulation, but they may also contribute to the upward spread of flames during fires. This work investigates the impact of core thickness and opening height on the combustion characteristics of PE sandwich panels. Small‐scale experiments and numerical simulations show that flame stretching and intermittent flames occurr during combustion. The average flame spread height is proportional to the thickness and the opening height, and a dimensionless relationship between the flame height and the characteristic length is established. As the thickness increases, the high‐temperature zone within the PE sandwich panels increases. The average mass loss rate is proportional to the thickness and opposite to the opening height. The findings of this study hold crucial theoretical significance for ensuring the safe design of windows and PE sandwich panels in high‐rise buildings.
Assessment of the oxygen dynamics in microalgae–bacteria systems through respirometry
Authors: Sales Marcos , Florêncio Lourdinha , Buitrón Germán 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDA microalgae–bacteria consortium applied to the treatment of domestic wastewater can be an alternative to reduce the energy consumption of aerobic systems if the algal biomass produces enough oxygen for bacterial consumption. This study proposed to evaluate the microalgal production of photosynthetic O2 and consumption by heterotrophic organic matter‐removing and autotrophic nitrifying bacteria through respirometric tests.RESULTSAggregates composed of predominantly spherical green microalgae and bacteria were formed in a photosequencing batch reactor, with 6 h cycles, and fed with synthetic domestic wastewater. Biomass reached 800 mgVSS L−1 and chlorophyll‐a content of 4 mg gVSS−1. Photosynthetic oxygen production reached 33.4 mgO2 gSS−1 h−1. Through respirometric tests and oxygen mass balance, oxygen consumption rates by ordinary heterotrophic bacteria (5.9 mgO2 gSS−1 h−1), ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria (8.67 mgO2 gSS−1 h−1) and nitrite‐oxidizing bacteria (0.78 mgO2 gSS−1 h−1) were obtained.CONCLUSIONPhotosynthetic oxygen production was 28% higher than the total O2 required by bacteria. Under the conditions studied, an artificial oxygen supply would not be necessary since the algal biomass can supply the bacterial O2 demand. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Automated coordinate system estimation: A preliminary step toward computer‐assisted radial head arthroplasty planning
Authors: Velasquez Garcia Ausberto , Oettinger Jennifer M. , Wentworth Adam J. , Nishikawa Hiroki , Chaney Grace K. , Fitzsimmons James S. , Morris Jonathan M. , O'Driscoll Shawn W. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe success of radial head arthroplasty (RHA) relies on the design of the implant and precision of the surgical technique, with preoperative planning potentially playing a crucial role. The accurate establishment of a patient‐specific anatomical coordinate system (ACS) is essential for this planning process. This study tested the hypothesis that an innovative automated method would be an accurate, reliable, and efficient framework to determine the ACS of the proximal radius, which would be a step toward improving the precision of RHA planning. We used advanced computational techniques to analyze 50 forearm CT scans, comparing the accuracy, reproducibility, reliability, and efficiency of the automated method with manually derived ACS using expert observers as benchmarks. The results showed that the automated approach was more accurate in identifying anatomical landmarks, with smaller mean distance discrepancies (0.6 mm) than manual observers (1 mm). Its reproducibility was also superior, with narrower reproducibility limits, particularly for ulnar notch landmarks (0.6 to 0.8 mm compared to manual selection 1.2 to 1.4 mm) (p = .01). In addition, the limits of agreement and the mean absolute rotational and translational differences of the axes were narrower for the automated method, which also reduced the construction time to an average of 46 s compared to 150 s manually (p < .001). These findings suggest that the automated method has the potential to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of preoperative and postoperative computer‐assisted procedures for RHA. Further research is needed to fully understand the utility of this automated system for enhancing RHA computer‐assisted surgical planning.
Adhesive Properties of Eco‐Friendly Hot Melt Adhesive Based on Poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) and Rosin Maleic Resin
Authors: Cho Ji‐Hyun , Ryu Kwang‐Hyun , Kim Hyun‐Joong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAs environmental problems increase, disposable products are being replaced and recommended with materials with a low environmental load when it discarded. So the demand for bioplastics for building a sustainable society is increasing. This study focuses mainly on the applicability of biodegradable plastics and rosin maleic resin (RMR, DX‐250) blends with potential use in eco‐friendly hot‐melt adhesives (HMA). Poly (butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT), which has high dimensional stability owing to low crystallinity, is used as the main polymer of the HMA. And rosin maleic resin, which is effective for increasing adhesive properties and compatibility as a tackifier. The HMA based on PBAT and RMR blends are prepared via melt‐blend extrusion. Compatibility and wettability are increased under the influence of RMR, and adhesion properties are improved, compared to that of PBAT. In addition, as confirmed polarizing microscope (POM), the addition of RMR leads to a decrease in crystallinity, which can be expected to be effective for biodegradation. This result PBAT/RMR 7/3 blend significantly enhances the adhesion strength of PBAT from 1.8 to 7.3 MPa. Therefore, PBAT with the blends containing 30 wt.% of RMR has considerable potential application in the HMA field.
Review on Biodegradable Aliphatic Polyesters: Development and Challenges
Authors: Asri Nur Asnani , Sezali Nur Atirah Afifah , Ong Hui Lin , Mohd Pisal Mohd Hanif , Lim Ye Heng , Fang Jian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBiodegradable polymers are gaining attention as alternatives to non‐biodegradable plastics to address environmental issues. With the rising global demand for plastic products, the development of non‐toxic, biodegradable plastics is a significant topic of research. Aliphatic polyester, the most common biodegradable polyester, is notable for its semi‐crystalline structure and can be synthesized from fossil fuels, microbial fermentation, and plants. Due to great properties like being lightweight, biodegradable, biocompatible, and non‐toxic, aliphatic polyesters are used in packaging, medical, agricultural, wearable devices, sensors, and textile applications. The biodegradation rate, crucial for biodegradable polymers, is discussed in this review as it is influenced by their structural properties and environmental conditions. This review discusses currently available biodegradable polyesters, their emerging applications, and the challenges in their commercialization. As research in this area grows, this review emphasizes the innovation in biodegradable aliphatic polyesters and their role in advancing environmental sustainability.
Two‐step GLIM approach using NRS‐2002 screening tool vs direct GLIM criteria application in hospital malnutrition diagnosis: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Jazinaki Mostafa Shahraki , Norouzy Abdolreza , Arabi Seyyed Mostafa , Moghadam Mohammad Reza Shadmand Foumani , Esfahani Ali Jafarzadeh , Safarian Mohammad 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe two‐step Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) approach was recently introduced to malnutrition diagnosis in a hospital setting. This study compares the diagnostic performance of this approach that uses the Nutritional Risk Screening‐2002 (NRS‐2002) as a screening tool and the direct application of GLIM malnutrition diagnostic criteria in hospitalized patients.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study involved 290 adult and older adult patients who were hospitalized. A trained nutritionist implemented the two‐step GLIM approach, including NRS‐2002 (in the first step) and GLIM criteria (in the second step) for each patient. Then, the accuracy, kappa index, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC ROC), sensitivity, and specificity of malnutrition diagnostic performance of the two‐step GLIM approach and NRS‐2002 were evaluated compared to the direct use of GLIM criteria.ResultsThe NRS‐2002 identified 145 (50.0%) patients as at risk of malnutrition. The prevalence of malnutrition using the two‐step GLIM approach and GLIM malnutrition diagnosis criteria were 120 (41.4%) and 141 (48.6%), respectively. The kappa index showed substantial and almost perfect agreement for NRS‐2002 (κ = 68%) and the two‐step GLIM approach (κ = 85%) with GLIM malnutrition diagnostic criteria, respectively. Furthermore, the AUC ROC (0.926; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.89–0.96) and accuracy (92.8%) of the two‐step GLIM approach compared to the GLIM criteria indicated an acepptable ability to distinguish between malnourished and well‐nourished patients.ConclusionThe two‐step GLIM approach using NRS‐2002 as a screening tool (in step one) had acceptable malnutrition diagnostic performance compared to the direct application of GLIM criteria in hospitalized patients.
The Role of Network Centralization in Shaping Digital Sovereignty: An Analysis Under the DNS Lens
Authors: Azevedo Andrei C. , Scheid Eder J. , Franco Muriel F. , Boeira Demétrio F. F. , Zembruzki Luciano , Granville Lisandro Z. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTCentralization of Internet‐based services in a few key players has been a topic of study in recent years. One of such services, the domain name system (DNS), is one of the pillars of the Internet, which allows users to access websites on the Internet through easy‐to‐remember domain names rather than complex numeric IP addresses. In this DNS context, the reliance on a small number of large DNS providers can lead to (a) risks of data breaches and disruption of service in the event of failures and (b) concerns about the digital sovereignty of countries regarding DNS hosting. As several essential services are provided through electronic government (E‐Gov), it is highly important to be able to measure the digital sovereignty of a nation and the impacts that the lack of such feature can bring to its citizens. This work approaches the issue of DNS concentration on the Internet by presenting a solution to measure DNS hosting centralization and digital sovereignty in different countries, such as Brazil, India, China, Russia, and South Africa. With the data obtained through these measurements, relevant questions are answered, such as which are the top‐10 DNS providers, if there is DNS centralization, and how dependent countries are on such providers to manage domains using their country code top‐level domains (ccTLD). Future opportunities could investigate the impacts on sovereignty under the lens of other layers of the open systems interconnection (OSI) Network Sovereignty representation model presented in this work.
The effect of mass migration on disease transmission: Evidence from the Venezuelan refugee crisis
Authors: Barriga Alicia , Dunn Richard A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSince 2014, millions of Venezuelans have fled to neighboring countries. There is only one accessible land crossing along the Brazil–Venezuela border (Pacaraima) and the Brazilian highway system limits migrants to one route through the Amazon for almost 1000 km. Using this event as a quasi‐random treatment, we find that refugee migration increased malaria incidence in Pacaraima, but this was limited to individuals of Venezuelan nationality. We find no effect on Brazilians in Pacaraima or in other municipalities along the main refugee migration route. We therefore reject the hypothesis that Venezuelan refugees increased the risk of malaria among native residents.
3D reinforcement synergistic effect of embedded nickel‐foam skeleton of polyurethane based on x‐ray CT images: Experimental and finite element analysis
Authors: Su Yi , Tian Jiacheng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMonotonic shear tests were performed on Nickel Foam (NF)/Polyurethane (PU) and the results indicated that NF/PU was much greater than the sum of the individual phases in terms of strength and stiffness. Cyclic shear tests were carried out and it was found that shear evolution processes and failure modes of the composite were completely different from the individual phases and the damping properties were greatly improved. Revealing the synergistic mechanism of the 3D continuous metal skeleton on the PU is the key issue to explain the above phenomena. The geometric topology of NF was reproduced using CT technology and a fine‐scale finite element model was established. The mechanical behavior between NF and PU was investigated at the meso‐mechanical scale. The results show that the NF skeleton significantly improves the strength and damping properties of the PU. During cyclic shear, the effects of displacement and temperature on the mechanical and damping properties of the PU are significant. In comparison, the NF skeleton reduces the temperature sensitivity. Based on the analysis of experimental and FEA results, the monotonic and cyclic constitutive models of NF/PU were established. The shear constitutive model under the new loading/unloading criterion has good fitting accuracy and high reliability.Highlights
NF/PU properties were investigated by experimental and finite element methods.
NF skeleton improves PU performance through the synergistic effect.
Synergistic effects were revealed by CT and finite element methods.
The R‐O model can fit the shear constitutive model of NF/PU.
The conformational statistics of amphiphilic polymers with distinct topological structures at the interface between two phases
Authors: Li Hui , Zhao Haitao , Gao Kaiming , Xue Zijian , Chen Zhenbin , Liu Hong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe distribution and conformational state of compatibilizer polymers at the interface between two phases are challenging to obtain in detail through experimental research due to spatial scale limitations. This paper employs dissipative particle dynamics simulation to statistically analyze the size variations of compatibilizer copolymers at the interface of a binary blend system. The study examines the impact of factors such as the chain length of blended homopolymers, the topological structure of the compatibilizer and component interactions on the size distribution of compatibilizer copolymers at the interface. The scaling exponent between the size of the compatibilizer copolymers and their chain length is determined and compared with theoretical values under melt conditions. The reasons for the variation in the scaling exponent are analyzed, providing theoretical supplementation for the distribution, size changes and compatibilization effects of compatibilizers during the blend modification process. The results reveal discrepancies between the scaling exponent of chain size and chain length at the interface and theoretical values, analyze the significant impact of compatibilizer copolymer topological structure on the scaling exponent and present the influence of the component interaction parameter α on the scaling exponent's variation pattern. The simulation outcomes offer theoretical support for the design and selection of compatibilizers in a blend system. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Engineering Hybrid Transition Metal Dichalcogenide as Highly Active Electrode for Water Electrolysis
Authors: Kamaraj Jeffrey Joseph John Jeya , Thamotharan Keerthivasan , Pandian Muthu Senthil , Rajaji Umamaheswari , Perumalsamy Ramasamy , Liu Ting‐Yu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWater electrolysis plays a vital role in green energy systems and there is an absolute need for abundant, affordable, and effective catalysts for both the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Despite existing challenges, the exploration of transition metal‐based electrocatalysts with superior performance in alkaline water splitting is critical for advancing the hydrogen economy. This study focuses on the electrocatalytic potentials of FeS2, CoSe2, and FeS2@CoSe2 hybrid nanocomposites in response to the increasing demand for sustainable energy production. The prepared materials were synthesized hydrothermally and characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to examine their structural properties, elemental composition, and morphological features. Notably, the F@C−B nanocomposite exhibited outstanding HER performance, requiring only 97 mV of overpotential to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2. Similarly, the F@C−C nanocomposite demonstrated impressive OER efficiency with an overpotential of merely 302 mV at the same current density. The involvement of the Volmer–Heyrovsky mechanism was confirmed through Tafel slope analysis, revealing the improved surface‐active sites and reduced charge transfer resistance of the nanocomposite. The FeS2@CoSe2 nanocomposite with synergistic effects, displayed exceptional electrocatalytic properties, positioning it as a promising candidate for overall water splitting. This work introduces a novel approach to developing highly efficient and cost‐effective electrocatalysts, offering a viable alternative to precious metal‐based counterparts.