bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Limitation of Risks; being an Essay towards the Determination of the Maximum Amount of Risk to be retained by a Life Insurance Company on a Single Contingency
Authors: Sprague Thomas Bond 
Published: August 2016

It is my object in the present paper to discuss the principles which should guide the actuary in fixing the maximum amount of risk to be retained by a Life Insurance Company upon a single contingency.Those principles are by no means limited to life insurance, but extend with suitable modifications to other kinds of insurance, as fire, marine, hailstorm, health, and accidental death insurance. They are also applicable to the risks of mercantile transactions, and in particular to the risks incurred by a bank in discounting its customers' bills. There can be little doubt that some recent failures of banks have been caused principally by the neglect of these principles; in other words, the manager has failed to put a proper limit on the risks undertaken, i.e., has trusted individuals to an imprudent extent, and the loss of heavy sums consequent on their failure has proved disastrous to the bank.
Heterogeneous Porphyromonas
gingivalis LPS modulates immuno-inflammatory response, antioxidant
defense and cytoskeletal dynamics in human gingival fibroblasts
Authors: Herath Thanuja D. K. , Darveau Richard P. , Seneviratne Chaminda J. , Wang Cun-Yu , Wang Yu , Jin Lijian 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPeriodontal (gum) disease is a highly prevalent infection and inflammation
accounting for the majority of tooth loss in adult population worldwide. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone periodontal
pathogen and its lipopolysaccharide (PgLPS) acts as a major virulence attribute to
the disease. Herein, we deciphered the overall host response of human gingival
fibroblasts (HGFs) to two featured isoforms of tetra-acylated
PgLPS1435/1449 and penta-acylated
PgLPS1690 with reference to E.
coli LPS through quantitative proteomics. This study unraveled
differentially expressed novel biomarkers of immuno-inflammatory response,
antioxidant defense and cytoskeletal dynamics in HGFs.
PgLPS1690 greatly upregulated inflammatory proteins (e.g.
cyclophilin, inducible nitric oxide synthase, annexins, galectin, cathepsins and
heat shock proteins), whereas the anti-inflammatory proteins (e.g. Annexin A2 and
Annexin A6) were significantly upregulated by PgLPS1435/1449.
Interestingly, the antioxidants proteins such as mitochondrial manganese-containing
superoxide dismutase and peroxiredoxin 5 were only upregulated by
PgLPS1690. The cytoskeletal rearrangement-related proteins
like myosin were differentially regulated by these PgLPS isoforms. The present study
gives new insight into the biological properties of P.
gingivalis LPS lipid A moiety that could critically modulate
immuno-inflammatory response, antioxidant defense and cytoskeletal dynamics in HGFs
and thereby enhances our understanding of periodontal pathogenesis.
Generation of a novel transgenic rat model for tracing extracellular vesicles in body fluids
Authors: Yoshimura Aya , Kawamata Masaki , Yoshioka Yusuke , Katsuda Takeshi , Kikuchi Hisae , Nagai Yoshitaka , Adachi Naoki , Numakawa Tadahiro , Kunugi Hiroshi , Ochiya Takahiro , Tamai Yoshitaka 
Published: August 2016

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in the transfer of biomolecules between cells. To elucidate the intercellular transfer fate of EVs in vivo, we generated a new transgenic (Tg) rat model using green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged human CD63. CD63 protein is highly enriched on EV membranes via trafficking into late endosomes and is often used as an EV marker. The new Tg rat line in which human CD63-GFP is under control of the CAG promoter exhibited high expression of GFP in various body tissues. Exogenous human CD63-GFP was detected on EVs isolated from three body fluids of the Tg rats: blood serum, breast milk and amniotic fluid. In vitro culture allowed transfer of serum-derived CD63-GFP EVs into recipient rat embryonic fibroblasts, where the EVs localized in endocytic organelles. These results suggested that this Tg rat model should provide significant information for understanding the intercellular transfer and/or mother-child transfer of EVs in vivo.
Mesp1 Marked Cardiac Progenitor Cells Repair Infarcted Mouse Hearts
Authors: Liu Yu , Chen Li , Diaz Andrea Diaz , Benham Ashley , Xu Xueping , Wijaya Cori S. , Fa’ak Faisal , Luo Weijia , Soibam Benjamin , Azares Alon , Yu Wei , Lyu Qiongying , Stewart M. David , Gunaratne Preethi , Cooney Austin , McConnell Bradley K. , Schwartz Robert J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMesp1 directs multipotential cardiovascular cell fates, even though it’s transiently induced prior to the appearance of the cardiac progenitor program. Tracing Mesp1-expressing cells and their progeny allows isolation and characterization of the earliest cardiovascular progenitor cells. Studying the biology of Mesp1-CPCs in cell culture and ischemic disease models is an important initial step toward using them for heart disease treatment. Because of Mesp1’s transitory nature, Mesp1-CPC lineages were traced by following EYFP expression in murine Mesp1Cre/+; Rosa26EYFP/+ ES cells. We captured EYFP+ cells that strongly expressed cardiac mesoderm markers and cardiac transcription factors, but not pluripotent or nascent mesoderm markers. BMP2/4 treatment led to the expansion of EYFP+ cells, while Wnt3a and Activin were marginally effective. BMP2/4 exposure readily led EYFP+ cells to endothelial and smooth muscle cells, but inhibition of the canonical Wnt signaling was required to enter the cardiomyocyte fate. Injected mouse pre-contractile Mesp1-EYFP+ CPCs improved the survivability of injured mice and restored the functional performance of infarcted hearts for at least 3 months. Mesp1-EYFP+ cells are bona fide CPCs and they integrated well in infarcted hearts and emerged de novo into terminally differentiated cardiac myocytes, smooth muscle and vascular endothelial cells.
Clival Screw Placement in Patient with atlas assimilation: A CT-based feasibility study
Authors: Ji Wei , Liu Xiang , Huang Wenhan , Huang Zucheng , Chen Jianting , Zhu Qingan , Wu Zenghui 
Published: August 2016

AbstractClival screw and plate fixation technique is an alternative or supplement to the occipitocervical instrumentation. However, no report has clarified the applied anatomy of clivus in patients with atlas assimilation (C1A), especially for clival screw fixation. Therefore, we measured the parameters of clival lengths, widths, putative screw lengths, clival-cervical angel and foramen magnum diameters on CT images in a cohort of 81 C1A patients and patients without C1A. The clivus showed a rectangular shape in 96.3% (78/81) of C1A patients and a normal-like triangle shape in 3.7% (3/81) of C1A patients. The intracranial clival length decreased 13% (37 mm) in C1A patients, the extracranial clival length 14.8% (24.1 mm), the clival-cervical angle 6.2% (122.3°) and the superior screw length 11.3% (14.1 mm), the sagittal diameter of foramen magnum 16% (28.0 mm), respectively. There was no significant difference in the widest or narrowest clival width, or the middle screw length, or the transverse diameter of foramen magnum between groups. The inferior clivus was feasible for an average 9.7-mm-length screw placement in C1A patients, while not in patients without C1A. The present study characterizes clivus of C1A patients with an unnormal-like rectangular shape and confirmes a screw placement at the inferior clivus.
hCG-induced Sprouty2 mediates amphiregulin-stimulated COX-2/PGE2 up-regulation in human granulosa cells: a potential mechanism for the OHSS
Authors: Cheng Jung-Chien , Fang Lanlan , Chang Hsun-Ming , Sun Ying-Pu , Leung Peter C. K. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSprouty2 (SPRY2) is an important intracellular regulator for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mediated ERK1/2 signaling. In human granulosa cells, although SPRY2 is expressed, its regulation and function remains complete unknown and must be defined. Our previous study has shown that human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)/luteinizing hormone (LH) up-regulates the expression levels of EGF-like growth factor, amphiregulin (AREG), which subsequently contributes to the hCG/LH-induced COX-2 expression and PGE2 production. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of hCG on SPRY2 expression and the role of hCG-induced SPRY2 in AREG-stimulated COX-2 expression and PGE2 production in human granulosa cells. Our results demonstrated that the expression of SPRY2 was up-regulated by hCG treatment. Using pharmacological inhibitors and siRNA knockdown, we showed that activation of ERK1/2 signaling was required for hCG-induced up-regulation of SPRY2 expression. Further, SPRY2 knockdown attenuated the AREG-induced COX-2 expression and PGE2 production by inhibiting AREG-activated ERK1/2 signaling. Interestingly, we showed that SPRY2 expression levels were significantly increased in granulosa cells of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) patients. These results for the first time elucidate the physiological roles of SPRY2 in human granulosa cells and suggest that aberrant expression of SPRY2 may contribute to the pathogenesis of OHSS.
Curcumin suppresses NTHi-induced CXCL5 expression via inhibition of positive IKKβ pathway and up-regulation of negative MKP-1 pathway
Authors: Konduru Anuhya S. , Lee Byung-Cheol , Li Jian-Dong 
Published: August 2016

AbstractOtitis media (OM) is the most common childhood bacterial infection and leading cause of conductive hearing loss. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a major bacterial pathogen for OM. OM characterized by the presence of overactive inflammatory responses is due to the aberrant production of inflammatory mediators including C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5). The molecular mechanism underlying induction of CXCL5 by NTHi is unknown. Here we show that NTHi up-regulates CXCL5 expression by activating IKKβ-IκBα and p38 MAPK pathways via NF-κB nuclear translocation-dependent and -independent mechanism in middle ear epithelial cells. Current therapies for OM are ineffective due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant NTHi strains and risk of side effects with prolonged use of immunosuppressant drugs. In this study, we show that curcumin, derived from Curcuma longa plant, long known for its medicinal properties, inhibited NTHi-induced CXCL5 expression in vitro and in vivo. Curcumin suppressed CXCL5 expression by direct inhibition of IKKβ phosphorylation and inhibition of p38 MAPK via induction of negative regulator MKP-1. Thus, identification of curcumin as a potential therapeutic for treating OM is of particular translational significance due to the attractiveness of targeting overactive inflammation without significant adverse effects.
CaM/BAG5/Hsc70 signaling complex dynamically regulates leaf senescence
Authors: Li Luhua , Xing Yangfei , Chang Dong , Fang Shasha , Cui Boyang , Li Qi , Wang Xuejie , Guo Shang , Yang Xue , Men Shuzhen , Shen Yuequan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCalcium signaling plays an essential role in plant cell physiology, and chaperone-mediated protein folding directly regulates plant programmed cell death. The Arabidopsis thaliana protein AtBAG5 (Bcl-2-associated athanogene 5) is unique in that it contains both a BAG domain capable of binding Hsc70 (Heat shock cognate protein 70) and a characteristic IQ motif that is specific for Ca2+-free CaM (Calmodulin) binding and hence acts as a hub linking calcium signaling and the chaperone system. Here, we determined crystal structures of AtBAG5 alone and in complex with Ca2+-free CaM. Structural and biochemical studies revealed that Ca2+-free CaM and Hsc70 bind AtBAG5 independently, whereas Ca2+-saturated CaM and Hsc70 bind AtBAG5 with negative cooperativity. Further in vivo studies confirmed that AtBAG5 localizes to mitochondria and that its overexpression leads to leaf senescence symptoms including decreased chlorophyll retention and massive ROS production in dark-induced plants. Mutants interfering the CaM/AtBAG5/Hsc70 complex formation leads to different phenotype of leaf senescence. Collectively, we propose that the CaM/AtBAG5/Hsc70 signaling complex plays an important role in regulating plant senescence.
Assembly of porous smectic structures formed from interlocking high-symmetry planar nanorings
Authors: Avendaño Carlos , Jackson George , Müller Erich A. , Escobedo Fernando A. 
Published: August 2016

Significance
The formation of low-density porous structures is currently a topic of significant interest due to the advantageous electrical, optical, and chemical properties of the materials. We have observed the formation of unique highly open liquid-crystalline smectic phases formed by the interlocking of highly symmetrical planar nanorings. In particular, we demonstrate the relationship between the size of the internal cavity of the rings and their symmetry on the formation of stable liquid-crystalline phases with free volumes of up to 95%.
Changes in color and texture of wheat noodles during chilled storage
Authors: Fukuzawa Soma , Ogawa Takenobu , Nakagawa Kyuya , Adachi Shuji 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Wheat noodles cooked for different periods of time were stored at 5 °C, and color changes in their cross sections were quantitatively assessed by digital image analysis. The color of noodles with flattened moisture distributions whitened greatly during the early stages of chilled storage due to the retrogradation of starch, with the color change showing a significant correlation with the changes in noodle fragility. Color changes were also measured for wheat noodles and noodles containing modified starch with internal moisture distributions, and local changes within the noodles were kinetically analyzed. The addition of modified starch significantly reduced the color change in the noodle interior, where the moisture content was relatively low. Scanning calorimetric measurements indicated differences in the gelatinized state of modified starch and original wheat starch at low moisture contents, which affected the rate of color change in the interior of noodles containing modified starch.
Engineering estimates of impurity fluxes on the ITER port plugs
Authors: Kotov Vladislav 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Predictions of impurity fluxes are required for design analysis of the ITER optical diagnostics. In the present paper a simplified model is proposed for calculation of the neutral impurity fluxes on the recessed surfaces which are not in direct contact with plasma. The method is based on the Monte-Carlo simulation of the neutral particles transport in prescribed and fixed plasma background. The plasma parameters are projected from experimental observations, scalings and ITER modelling results. Blobs are approximated as stationary hot species. Results of 2D simulations with toroidally uniform wall and of the ‘2.5D model’ are presented. In this latter the 3D geometry of ports is implemented, but details of the incident ion flux distribution on the first wall panels are neglected. The calculated worst case gross deposition rate of Be in the middle of the port plug faces reaches almost 0.1 nm s−1. At the same time, the obtained Be erosion to deposition ratio at those locations is always larger than 5, indicating high probability of net erosion conditions there.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Pregnancy: Insights in Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management
Authors: Erez O. , Mastrolia S.A. , Thachil J. 
Published: August 2016

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;213(4):452–463)
In this review, the authors discuss the underlying processes that lead to disseminated intravascular coagulation, the importance of an early diagnosis for this condition, and the principles of treatment. Disseminated intravascular coagulation is a serious medical emergency that is the result of uncontrolled systemic activation of the hemostatic system. This process creates a widespread microvascular thrombosis that can reduce the blood supply to various organs and potentially cause organ failure and uncontrolled bleeding. It is typically characterized by diffuse bleeding from multiple organs, hemorrhagic necrosis, microthrombi in small blood vessels, and thrombi in medium and large blood vessels. The underlying mechanisms of action may be endothelial dysfunction that leads to platelet activation and trophoblast disruption that releases tissue factor into the circulatory system. Disseminated intravascular coagulation can be brought about by a number of obstetric complications, including acute peripartum hemorrhage, placental abruption, preeclampsia, elevated liver enzymes/low platelet count syndrome, retained stillbirth, septic abortion, intrauterine infection, amniotic fluid embolism, and acute fatty liver of pregnancy.
The Multidisciplinary Approach to the Care of the Obese Parturient
Authors: Ghaffari N. , Srinivas S.K. , Durnwald C.P. 
Published: August 2016

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;213(3):318–325)
Maternal obesity is associated with a higher risk of many complications, including gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, cesarean delivery, miscarriage, anesthesia difficulties, failed induction of labor, postpartum hemorrhage, infectious morbidity, and venous thromboembolism. The risks for the neonates involved in these pregnancies include prematurity, stillbirth, macrosomia, and childhood obesity. As the management of obese patients throughout pregnancy is such an important issue, the authors of this clinical opinion have provided a comprehensive and multidisciplinary set of guidelines for patient management.
Epilepsy in Pregnancy and Reproductive Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Viale Luz , Allotey John , Cheong-See Fiona , Arroyo-Manzano David , Mccorry Dougall , Bagary Manny , Mignini Luciano , Khan Khalid S. , Zamora Javier , Thangaratinam Shakila 
Published: August 2016

(Lancet. 2015;386(10006):1845–1852)
Quantification of the risks associated with pregnancy in women with epilepsy, one of the most common chronic disorders affecting women of reproductive age, is important in order to provide patients with appropriate counselling and care. In this study, a systematic review and meta-analysis of the medical literature was undertaken to estimate the association between epilepsy in pregnancy, with or without exposure to antiepileptic drugs, and reproductive outcomes.
Evaluation of the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Criteria for the Diagnosis of Sepsis Due to Maternal Bacteremia
Authors: Maguire P.J. , Power K.A. , Downey A.F. , O’Higgins A.C. , Sheehan S.R. , Turner M.J. 
Published: August 2016

(Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2016;133(1):116–119)
Sepsis is defined as the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) with an infectious etiology, including but not limited to bacteremia. Recent studies have confirmed that there is overlap between standard SIRS criteria and the normal physiology of pregnancy. In 2014, a customized obstetric sepsis screening tool was implemented for pregnant and postpartum women in Irish hospitals. These obstetric sepsis screening criteria differed from standard criteria in heart rate (≥100 beats/min, obstetric vs. >90 beats/minute, standard) and leukocyte count (<4.0 or >16.9×109/L, obstetric vs. <4.0 or >12.0×109/L, standard). The authors of the present study evaluated this customized obstetric SIRS screening tool and compared its effectiveness with that of the standard SIRS screening tool, for the diagnosis of maternal sepsis in the presence of maternal bacteremia.
Effects of Preoperative Serotonin-Receptor-Antagonist Administration in Spinal Anesthesia-induced Hypotension: A Randomized, Double-blind Comparison Study of Ramosetron and Ondansetron
Authors: Shin H.J. , Choi E.S. , Lee G.W. , Do S.H. 
Published: August 2016

(Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2015;40(5):583–588)
Spinal anesthesia is associated with adverse effects such as arterial hypotension and bradycardia. The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 2 serotonin receptor antagonists in preventing these effects. Ramosetron is a receptor antagonist that is stronger and longer-lasting than others of its kind and has been observed to decrease hypotension resulting from spinal anesthesia. Ondansetron is another receptor antagonist that has been reported to diminish spinal-anesthesia–related hypotension in both obstetric and nonobstetric patients.
Shared Genetic Predisposition in Peripartum and Dilated Cardiomyopathies
Authors: Ware J.S. , Li J. , Mazaika E. , Yasso C.M. , DeSouza T. , Cappola T.P. , Tsai E.J. , Hilfiker-Kleiner D. , Kamiya C.A. , Mazzarotto F. , Cook S.A. , Halder I. , Prasad S.K. , Pisarcik J. , Hanley-Yanez K. , Alharethi R. , Damp J. , Hsich E. , Elkayam U. , Sheppard R. , Kealey A. , Alexis J. , Ramani G. , Safirstein J. , Boehmer J. , Pauly D.F. , Wittstein I.S. , Thohan V. , Zucker M.J. , Liu P. , Gorcsan J. , McNamara D.M. , Seidman C.E. , Seidman J.G. , Arany Z. 
Published: August 2016

(N Engl J Med. 2016;374:233–241)
It is possible that peripartum cardiomyopathy is influenced by genetic factors, though this remains unclear. Similar to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, this disease is associated with decreased systolic function, enlarged cardiac dimensions, and nonspecific histologic findings. These similarities are significant in that idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy has been shown to be caused by a number of gene mutations. The authors of this study sequenced the DNA of 172 women suffering from peripartum cardiomyopathy to investigate whether there was a contribution from variants in the 43 genes known to be associated with dilated cardiomyopathy.
Maternal Cardiac Evaluation During Uncomplicated Twin Pregnancy With Emphasis on the Diastolic Function
Authors: Ghi T. , Degli Esposti D. , Montaguti E. , Rosticci M. , Tancredi S. , Youssef A. , Di Giovanni M.V. , Pilu G. , Borghi C. , Rizzo N. 
Published: August 2016

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;213(3):376.e1–e8)
Evaluating the cardiac function of pregnant women has shown that when echocardiograms reveal abnormalities there is a heightened risk of obstetric complications such as hypertensive disorders and placental insufficiency. However, most of the studies investigating this association have only focused on singleton gestations and there is a scarcity of literature on how maternal hemodynamics might affect twins. The authors of this paper attempted to address this lack of data by comparing outcomes for twin gestations with the findings of echocardiograms that were used to evaluate maternal cardiac function after the first trimester.
Accuracy of Conventional Digital Palpation and Ultrasound of the Cricothyroid Membrane in Obese Women in Labour
Authors: You-Ten K.E. , Desai D. , Postonogova T. , Siddiqui N. 
Published: August 2016

(Anaesthesia.2015;70(11):1230–1234)The primary aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of identifying the cricothyroid membrane in women in labor using conventional digital palpation and ultrasonography. The study was undertaken at a teaching hospital in Canada and included “patient” and “participant” groups. The patient group included women between 37 and 40 weeks’ gestation who were in labor. Twenty-eight obese (body mass index >30 kg/m2) and 28 nonobese women were enrolled in the study. Demographic data including age, weight, and height along with morphometric measurements (neck circumference, thyromental distance and sternomental distance) were obtained. The participant group (n=10) included anesthesia staff, fellows, and residents working in the labor and delivery unit of the hospital. They were randomized to palpate the cricothyroid membrane of an obese or nonobese parturient. The study design allowed a participant to participate more than once. These participants were randomized each time they participated. Among these ten, three participants palpated the cricothyroid membrane of nonobese patients only and 7 palpated the cricothyroid membrane of both obese and nonobese patients. Years of training and experience in performing cricothyroidotomy were recorded for each participant. No one had performed a cricothyroidotomy within the previous 12 months before the study.