bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Valley-polarized edge plasmons in graphene p–n junctions with pseudomagnetic fields
Authors: Zhang Ya , Zhai Feng , Jiang Wei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Owing to the inherent characteristics of collective excitations in graphene, electrical control of edge plasmons is highly desirable for nanoplasmonic applications. This study investigates valley-polarized edge pseudomagnetoplasmons in a graphene p–n junction subjected to a strain-induced pseudomagnetic field. A four-component hydrodynamic model is employed and solved via the Wiener–Hopf method, revealing the coexistence of three plasmon modes, including counterpropagating acoustic edge modes, gapless topological edge states, and zero modes. The valley polarization, as determined from the numerically exact solution, is stronger than that predicted by the approximate models. Notably, the confinement of edge plasmons at the graphene p–n junction significantly exceeds that at the graphene/vacuum interface, possibly because of the electron–hole attraction. Furthermore, gate-controlled subwavelength confinement is successfully achieved by applying an appropriate gate voltage, thereby highlighting a unique and promising attribute of edge pseudomagnetoplasmons in graphene p–n junctions.
Enhancing quantum time transfer security: detecting intercept-resend attacks with energy-time entanglement
Authors: Quan Runai , Hong Huibo , Xiang Xiao , Cao Mingtao , Li Xinghua , Li Baihong , Dong Ruifang , Liu Tao , Zhang Shougang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Quantum time transfer has emerged as a powerful technique, offering sub-picosecond precision and inherent security through the nonlocal temporal correlation property of energy-time entangled biphoton sources. In this paper, we demonstrate the inherent security advantage of quantum time transfer, and the utilization in detecting potential intercept-resend attacks. By investigating the impact of these attacks on the nonlocality identifier associated with nonlocal dispersion cancellation of energy-time entanglement, we establish a security threshold model for detecting intercept-resend attacks. Experimental verification on a 102 km fiber-optic link confirms that even a malicious delay as small as 25 ps can be identified. This investigation serves as a compelling illustration of secure two-way time transfer, safeguarding against intercept-resend attacks, and showcasing its potential applications in fields reliant on authentic time distribution between remote parties.
Room-temperature spontaneous perpendicular exchange bias in IrMn/[Co/Pt]3 multilayers
Authors: Wang Jiabin , Bao Xilai , Chen Jinxia , Zou Mengting , Xie Yali , Li Run-Wei , Li Xiaoguang , Cao Yanwei , Wang Baomin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Perpendicular exchange bias (PEB) is highly desirable for the development of advanced nanoscale spintronics devices. The attainment of conventional PEB typically involves a field-cooling process through the Néel temperature of antiferromagnetic materials. In this study, we demonstrated the realization of spontaneous PEB (SPEB) in IrMn/[Co/Pt]3 multilayers utilizing isothermal crystallization of IrMn at room temperature (RT). And the SPEB generated isothermally at IrMn/Co interface does not destroy the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of the multilayers. The magnetic domains of the multilayers captured by Kerr microscopy after different magnetization time also indicate the generation of SPEB. The magnitude of SPEB can be controllable by varying the isothermal magnetization time and the annealing temperature of IrMn. The relationship between magnetization waiting time and SPEB reveals that even slight isothermal crystallization can generate substantial SPEB. Our results provide an alternative approach to isothermally generate PEB in IrMn/[Co/Pt]3 multilayers at RT.
Multi-polarized four-mode wideband vortex electromagnetic beams generation through reflective metasurface in Ka-band
Authors: Tian Lu , Zhang Rui , Wang Yong , Xie Bingchuan , Li Haixuan , Ren Yueyan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Orbital angular momentum (OAM) is a new dimension for improving channel capacity and has been widely studied by scientists. In recent years, there has been an increasing amount of research on antennas and electromagnetic (EM) beams containing OAM, demonstrating its excellent ability in communication. This article proposes a Ka-band multi-mode orbital angular momentum reflectarray antenna (RA) capable of generating four vortex EM beams with four modes (l = −1, 0, +1, +2). The proposed unit cell can cover a 360-degree reflection phase range with a magnitude above 0.88, achieved through a combination of variable-sized and delay-line units. Furthermore, the unit cell’s mirror configuration allows for cross-polarization rejection. Based on these unit cells, a square reflectarray antenna (25 × 25 elements) is designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured results demonstrate that the 1 dB bandwidths for four modes are 25.81% (27–35 GHz, l = −1), 31.25% (27–37 GHz, l = 0), 28.57% (27–36 GHz, l = +1), and 20.69% (26–32 GHz, l = +2), respectively. Notably, the 3 dB gain bandwidths of all modes exceed 40%, with the maximum 3 dB bandwidth reaching 47.62% at mode l = +1. Furthermore, all vortex EM beams of this proposed RA maintain mode purities exceeding 70% within 3 dB bandwidths.
Influence of sulfurization temperature on grain growth in Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films synthesized for solar cell applications
Authors: Gupta Indu , Singla Shivani , Kanjariya Prakash , Jain Rahul , Mohanty Bhaskar Chandra , Nayak Manas 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Copper-zinc-tin-sulfur (CZTS) thin films, prepared through a dip-coating solution method, present a highly attractive option as absorber materials for thin-film solar cells. This is due to their affordability, environmentally friendly composition, and abundant availability of raw materials. Although films processed with hydrazine-based solutions have achieved the highest efficiency of approximately 12.6%, the toxic and carcinogenic nature of hydrazine negates these advantages. In the ongoing global research on solution-based processing methods, the size of the grains has emerged as a critical factor in the fabrication of efficient solar cells. In our study, we have successfully prepared CZTS thin films with a pure kesterite phase, characterized by large micro-sized grains, using a dip-coating process with an ethanol-based precursor solution, followed by sulfurization. We investigated how the grain size evolves with varying sulfurization temperatures. Notably, we observed that increasing the temperature led to larger and more uniform grain growth. These results underscore the potential of our approach for the straightforward production of high-quality films with sizable grains, ultimately enhancing their photosensitivity and making them a promising candidate for efficient solar cell applications.
Dynamics of memristive circuit driven by Josephson junction
Authors: Jiang Cuimei , Gu Xuejing , Zhang Fangfang , Liu Jian , Liu Pengfei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The nonlinear circuit with charge-controlled memristor (CCM) can capture the external electric field effect. The nonlinear circuit with Josephson junction (JJ) can estimate the external magnetic field effect. Therefore, we propose an enhanced functional circuit by connecting a CCM and a JJ into a simple RLC nonlinear circuit. This enchanced circuit can estimate the external electromagnetic fields concurrently. The dynamical equations of the new memristive circuit and its Hamilton energy function are obtained by using the Kirchhoff’s law and the Helmholtz’s theorem. Furthermore, the complex dynamics of memristive circuit are investigated by applying bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponents and time sampled series. The simulation experiment results indicate that the electromagnetic field has a great influence on complex dynamics of memristive circuit. In fact, this new nonlinear circuit is also a functional neural circuit, and it can be used to study the collective dynamic of functional neural network under the condition of an external electromagnetic fields.
A multifunctional interlayer between mesoporous TiO2 and perovskite for perovskite solar cells with high efficiency and stability
Authors: Huang Wen-Jie , Zhang Zhen-Long , Liu Yue-Feng , Gao Hui-Ping , Mao Yan-Li 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The industrialization of the perovskite solar cells (PSCs) requires further lifting their power conversion efficiency (PCE). There are some important factors to hinder the PCE improvement, such as interface defects and energy level mismatching betwee electron transport layer (ETL) and perovskite layer, and solar energy loss due to no absorption of near infrared (NIR) for the perovsktie. Thus in this study, a multifunctional material of W-Er-Yb doped TiO2 (W-UC-TiO2) was prepared and applied to PSCs as an interlayer between mesoporous TiO2 and perovskite. The experimental results demonstrate that the interlayer of W-UC-TiO2 has the functions of improving NIR absorption for PSCs, passivating inerface defects and improving energy level matching between TiO2 and perovskite. A high efficiency of 21.32% was acquired for the PSCs with W-UC-TiO2 interlayer from 19.26% for the control device. Moreover, stability of the PSCs was improved by the insertion of W-UC-TiO2 interlayer.
Tidal Love numbers from EFT of black hole perturbations with timelike scalar profile
Authors: Barura Chams Gharib Ali , Kobayashi Hajime , Mukohyama Shinji , Oshita Naritaka , Takahashi Kazufumi , Yingcharoenrat Vicharit 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We study static tidal Love numbers (TLNs) of a static and spherically symmetric black hole for odd-parity metric perturbations.
We describe black hole perturbations using the effective field theory (EFT), formulated on an arbitrary background with a timelike scalar profile in the context of scalar-tensor theories.
In particular, we obtain a static solution for the generalized Regge-Wheeler equation order by order in a modified-gravity parameter and extract the TLNs uniquely by analytic continuation of the multipole index ℓ to non-integer values.
For a stealth Schwarzschild black hole, the TLNs are vanishing as in the case of Schwarzschild solution in general relativity.
We also study the case of Hayward black hole as an example of non-stealth background, where we find that the TLNs are non-zero (or there is a logarithmic running).
This result suggests that our EFT allows for non-vanishing TLNs and can in principle leave a detectable imprint on gravitational waves from inspiralling binary systems, which opens a new window for testing gravity in the strong-field regime.
Metrological non-classical correlations and quantum coherence in hybrid

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system under decoherence channels
Authors: Chhieb Abdessamie , Oumennana Mansoura , Bouafia Zakaria , Chouiba Aicha , Mansour Mostafa , Ouchrif Mohamed 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Our research focuses on the interplay between thermal noise and decoherence channels on quantum coherence and nonclassical correlations in a hybrid

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Heisenberg model. This hybrid system integrates the Dzyaloshinsky–Moriya interaction (DMI) and operates under the influence of an external magnetic field. We use local quantum Fisher information (LQFI) for correlation estimation and relative entropy of coherence for coherence measurement in the considered system. Our investigation encompasses various parameters of the hybrid system, the strength of the DMI and the intensity of the external magnetic field. Our findings underscore that elevated temperature compromises both nonclassical correlations and coherence. On the other hand, the robustness of the DMI mitigates the impact of thermal noise on quantum Fisher information correlations and relative entropy of coherence in the hybrid system. Additionally, we inspect the impact of decohering channels-specifically, dephasing, phase flip, and bit- and trit-flip channels-on thermal coherence and quantum correlations. The introduction of various decoherence processes into the hybrid qubit-qutrit system leads to a competition with thermal fluctuations, thereby giving rise to out-of-equilibrium states. Our results indicate that as the decoherence strength parameter (p) increases, both LQFI and relative entropy of coherence exhibit similar behaviors in the dephasing and phase flip channels. These resources gradually diminish, eventually disappearing entirely at p = 1. In the context of the bit- and trit-flip channels, quantum coherence displays notable distinctions compared to what is observed under dephasing and phase flip channels, revealing that coherence can be preserved if the DMI is strong and the intensity of the external magnetic field is reduced. These findings are important since it is crucial to first understand the decoherence process, arising from the interaction with the environment, and then to find ways to hinder this decoherence in order to avoid the complete loss of the quantum resources necessary to quantum information processing.
Identification of hidden danger discharges in transmission lines based on multi-scale convolutional neural network
Authors: Huang Zhidu , Huang Wei , Liu Yinglong , Chen Yajuan , Li Shengdong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The presence of hidden dangers in transmission lines poses a significant threat to the safe and stable operation of the power grid. Timely identification of these hidden dangers is crucial to simplify maintenance tasks for the operation department. This paper introduces a model based on a Multi-Scale Convolutional Neural Network (MSCNN) to identify the discharge types of hidden dangers in transmission lines. Initially, the Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) of the hidden danger discharge signal measured from the transmission line are obtained through Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD). Subsequently, multi-scale time-frequency features within the IMFs are extracted by MSCNN. Finally, a Softmax classifier completes the task of identifying the type of hidden danger discharge. The training and testing results of the model demonstrate that its accuracy in identifying the four types of hidden dangers researched in this paper can reach 90.38%.
Research on photovoltaic grid-connected inverters with source filtering function
Authors: Wei Junqiu , Chen Qigong , Li Ao 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
To suppress the current harmonics caused by the nonlinear load connected to the grid when the photovoltaic system is connected to the grid for power generation, this paper adopts a composite control strategy based on the PI-RC controller to realize the synthesis of the command current signal in different modes. According to the different command current signals, the system can work in three modes: photovoltaic grid-connected harmonic compensation control, photovoltaic grid-connected control, and harmonic compensation unified control. Under the composite control strategy, the system realizes the active output of the photovoltaic grid-connected system with the function of source filtering, compensates for the harmonics caused by nonlinear loads, successfully reduces the harmonic distortion rate of grid current, and then realizes the function expansion of photovoltaic grid-connected inverter. Finally, the feasibility and rationality of the unified control strategy designed in this study are verified by simulation experiments.
Design and research of high-frequency electromagnetic wave detection antenna for discharge of transmission lines
Authors: Yang Jie , Xia Yunfeng , Liang Qishuai , Xia Zhongchen , Tao Xi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Overhead lines have a wide range of applications in power systems. When early insulation faults occur in the long-term operation of overhead lines, corona discharge may occur. Timely detection of corona discharge can guide maintenance personnel to discover and eliminate faults in a timely manner. The height and distribution of overhead lines are relatively high, and close-range detection cannot quickly locate the discharge area. Using radio frequency antennas to measure the electromagnetic wave signals generated by corona discharge can achieve long-distance positioning detection of corona discharge. This article uses a log-periodic antenna as the detection antenna and simulates the antenna structure to prove that its directionality, gain, and measurement frequency band meet the design requirements. Finally, the discharge detection performance of the antenna is verified through experiments.
Abatement of ionizing radiation for superconducting quantum devices
Authors: Loer B. , Harrington P.M. , Archambault B. , Fuller E. , Pierson B. , Arnquist I.J. , Harouaka K. , Schlieder T.D. , Kim D.K. , Melville A.J. , Niedzielski B.M. , Yoder J.L. , Serniak K. , Oliver W.D. , Orrell J.L. , Bunker R. , VanDevender B.A. , Warner M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Ionizing radiation has been shown to reduce the performance
of superconducting quantum circuits. In this report, we evaluate the
expected contributions of different sources of ambient radioactivity
for typical superconducting qubit experiment platforms. Our
assessment of radioactivity inside a typical cryostat highlights the
importance of selecting appropriate materials for the experiment
components nearest to qubit devices, such as packaging and
electrical interconnects. We present a shallow underground facility
(30-meter water equivalent) to reduce the flux of cosmic rays and a
lead shielded cryostat to abate the naturally occurring radiogenic
gamma-ray flux in the laboratory environment. We predict that
superconducting qubit devices operated in this facility could
experience a reduced rate of correlated multi-qubit errors by a
factor of approximately 20 relative to the rate in a typical
above-ground, unshielded facility. Finally, we outline overall
design improvements that would be required to further reduce the
residual ionizing radiation rate, down to the limit of current
generation direct detection dark matter experiments.
Digital input requirements for global carbon emission reduction
Authors: Jiang Meihui , Cai Wenlin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
To answer the question of whether the growth of digital inputs can be beneficial for carbon neutrality, we thoroughly explore the impacts of digital inputs on carbon emission reduction in this work. We propose a combined framework of panel regression model and multi-objective optimization model to identify the key digital sectors and obtain their optimal total outputs. First, the results show that digital inputs continue to increase in most countries (regions) from 2000 to 2021, especially in the USA, EU countries and China. Digital equipment inputs in China are the most significant, while digital service inputs in the USA and EU countries are relatively important. Second, the regression results show that digital service inputs have significantly negative influence on carbon emissions, which means that the growth of digital service inputs will decrease carbon emissions. This result indicates that the key point of industrial digitalization for carbon emission reduction may be increasing the digital service inputs. Third, the optimization results show that the digital-input-oriented optimization model, which encourages an increase in digital service inputs, could achieve greater targets of economic growth and carbon emission reduction. The total outputs of Telecommunication Services and Computer Services should increase globally by 10.24% and 8.89%, respectively.
Comparison of the risks and drivers of compound hot-dry and hot-wet extremes in a warming world
Authors: Zeng Jianxin , Zhang Shulei , Zhou Sha , Obulkasim Omarjan , Zhang Han , Lu Xingjie , Dai Yongjiu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Compound hot-dry (CHD) and compound hot-wet (CHW) extremes have both intensified under global warming, posing exacerbated socio-economic threats compared to univariate extremes. This study presents a comprehensive assessment and comparison of the historical changes and driving factors behind CHD and CHW using observational data and climate model simulations. Findings indicate a notable surge in CHD and CHW occurrences, with CHW experiencing a higher increasing rate. Our investigation further reveals that anthropogenic climate change predominantly drives the increase in both types of compound extremes, especially for CHW. In contrast, land-atmosphere feedbacks have a limited impact on CHW at a global scale, but substantially contributes to the rise in CHD by reinforcing the negative precipitation-temperature coupling. This influence even surpasses that of anthropogenic climate change in specific regions. Understanding these variations and underlying causes is crucial for improving prediction accuracy and mitigating the impacts of compound extremes.
Divergent changes in crop yield loss risk due to droughts over time in the US
Authors: Rathore Lokendra S , Kumar Mukesh , Moftakhari Hamed , Ganguli Poulomi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Drought poses a major threat to agricultural production and food security. This study evaluates the changes in drought-induced crop yield loss risk for six crops (alfalfa, barley, corn, soybean, spring wheat, and winter wheat) between 1971–2000 and 1991–2020 across the contiguous US. Using a copula-based probabilistic framework, our results reveal a spatially heterogeneous change in yield risk to meteorological droughts, which varies with crop types. Regional analyses identify the largest temporal decline in yield risk in the Southeast and Upper Midwest, while the Northwest and South show an increase in risk. Among the considered anthropogenic and climatic drivers of crop productivity, changes in climatic variables such as high temperatures (e.g., killing degree days), vapor pressure deficit and precipitation show significantly stronger associations with changes in yield risk than irrigated area and nitrogen fertilizer application. Among the counties that observe drier drought events, only 55% exhibit an increase in crop yield loss risk due to drier droughts. The rest 45% show a decrease in yield loss risk due to mediation of favorable climatic and anthropogenic factors. Alarmingly, more than half (for barley and spring wheat), and one-third (for alfalfa, corn, soybean and winter wheat) of that the risk increasing regions have outsized influence on destabilizing national crop production. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, agricultural stakeholders, and decision-makers in terms of the potential ways and locations to be prioritized for enhancing local and national agricultural resilience and ensuring food security.
Increasing the strength of potato digger elevator rods
Authors: Bayboboyev N , Toshtillayev Sh , Akbarov Sh , Umirzokov J 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Currently, high-quality steels are used to increase the reliability of potato digging machines and the durability of elevator rods. Recently, new materials, new technologies and non-metallic materials that are not inferior in strength to steel have been used in agricultural machines. Such materials significantly reduce the mass of the working parts. This article examines the deformation of a new elevator rod design due to the action of soil and tuber-bearing mass. The rods, covered with double-cavity rubber profiles, vibrate the component of the potato heap. During vibrations, in addition to static deformations, dynamic deformations occur, depending on the magnitude of the impact force. As a result, it was found that to eliminate the loss of tubers between the bars of the separating elevator, given the maximum deflection value of 0.03 m and the weight of the soil-tuber-bearing mass, the rubber bar must have the following parameters: elasticity model E = 50 N/mm2; rod perimeter 11x11 mm; the maximum jump height of a mass weighing 130 kg is no more than 0.6 m.