bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pažanga įgyvendinant radioaktyviųjų atliekų atliekynus Lietuvoje ir jų saugos vertinimas
Authors: Poškas Povilas , Grigaliūnienė Dalia , Justinavičius Darius , Kilda Raimondas , Narkūnienė Asta 
Published: October 2016

Branduolinė energetika, kaip ir kitos pramonės šakos, teikia ne tik ekonominę naudą, bet ir sukuria atliekas. Branduolinės atliekos, nors jų santykinis tūris ir yra žymiai mažesnis nei kitų pramonės šakų atliekų, yra radioaktyvios ir todėl ypač pavojingos aplinkai bei žmonėms. Radioaktyviosiomis atliekomis vadiname naudotas ir netinkamas naudoti radioaktyviąsias medžiagas, kurių aktyvumas viršija nustatytą lygį. Joms priskiriamas panaudotas branduolinis kuras ir kitos, pakartotinai naudoti neskirtos, radionuklidais užterštos ar turinčios jų savo sudėtyje, medžiagos, kurių radionuklidų savitasis aktyvumas viršija nebekontroliuojamuosius radioaktyvumo lygius. Ne visos radioaktyviosios atliekos yra vienodai pavojingos žmogui, todėl skirstomos į tipus ir klases. Atsižvelgiant į radioaktyviųjų atliekų tipą ir klasę taikomi skirtingi jų tvarkymo, saugojimo, talpinimo į atliekynus būdai, taip pat skiriasi ir pačių atliekynų tipai (paviršinis Landfill tipo, paviršinis su gelžbetonio rūsiais ar giluminis). Nuo 1994 m. Lietuvos energetikos instituto Branduolinės inžinerijos problemų laboratorijos mokslininkai kaupia patirtį analizuodami ir spręsdami radioaktyviųjų atliekų tvarkymo problemas Lietuvoje ir užsienyje. Šiame straipsnyje aptariamas pastarojo dešimtmečio progresas įgyvendinant radioaktyviųjų atliekų atliekynus Lietuvoje, daugiausia dėmesio skiriant vertinti šių atliekynų saugą.
Metal Nanoparticle‐Catalyzed Reduction Using Borohydride in Aqueous Media: A Kinetic Analysis of the Surface Reaction by Microfluidic SERS
Authors: Xie Wei , Grzeschik Roland , Schlücker Sebastian 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHydrides are widely used in reduction reactions. In protic solvents, their hydrolysis generates molecular hydrogen as a second reducing agent. The competition between these two parallel reduction pathways has been overlooked so far since both typically yield the same product. We investigated the platinum‐catalyzed reduction of 4‐nitrothiophenol to 4‐aminothiophenol in aqueous sodium borohydride solution as a prominent model reaction, by using label‐free SERS monitoring in a microfluidic reactor. Kinetic analysis revealed a strong pH dependence. Surprisingly, only at pH>13 the reduction is driven exclusively by sodium borohydride. This study demonstrates the potential of microfluidics‐based kinetic SERS monitoring of heterogeneous catalysis in colloidal suspension.
Hydrogenation of Esters to Alcohols Catalyzed by Defined Manganese Pincer Complexes
Authors: Elangovan Saravanakumar , Garbe Marcel , Jiao Haijun , Spannenberg Anke , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe first manganese‐catalyzed hydrogenation of esters to alcohols has been developed. The combination of Mn(CO)5Br with [HN(CH2CH2P(Et)2)2] leads to a mixture of cationic and neutral Mn PNP pincer complexes, which enable the reduction of various ester substrates, including aromatic and aliphatic esters as well as diesters and lactones. Notably, related pincer complexes with isopropyl or cyclohexyl substituents showed very low activity.
Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Indolines: Asymmetric Hydrogenation at Ambient Temperature and Pressure with Cationic Ruthenium Diamine Catalysts
Authors: Yang Zhusheng , Chen Fei , He Yanmei , Yang Nianfa , Fan Qing‐Hua 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA highly enantioselective synthesis of indolines by asymmetric hydrogenation of 1H‐indoles and 3H‐indoles at ambient temperature and pressure, catalyzed by chiral phosphine‐free cationic ruthenium complexes, has been developed. Excellent enantio‐ and diastereoselectivities (up to >99 % ee, >20:1 d.r.) were obtained for a wide range of indole derivatives, including unprotected 2‐substituted and 2,3‐disubstituted 1H‐indoles, as well as 2‐alkyl‐ and 2‐aryl‐substituted 3H‐indoles.
Metal–Phenolic Supramolecular Gelation
Authors: Rahim Md. Arifur , Björnmalm Mattias , Suma Tomoya , Faria Matthew , Ju Yi , Kempe Kristian , Müllner Markus , Ejima Hirotaka , Stickland Anthony D. , Caruso Frank 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMaterials assembled by coordination interactions between naturally abundant polyphenols and metals are of interest for a wide range of applications, including crystallization, catalysis, and drug delivery. Such an interest has led to the development of thin films with tunable, dynamic properties, however, creating bulk materials remains a challenge. Reported here is a class of metallogels formed by direct gelation between inexpensive, naturally abundant tannic acid and group(IV) metal ions. The metallogels exhibit diverse properties, including self‐healing and transparency, and can be doped with various materials by in situ co‐gelation. The robustness and flexibility, combined with the ease, low cost, and scalability of the coordination‐driven assembly process make these metallogels potential candidates for chemical, biomedical, and environmental applications.
Sport and Transgender People: A Systematic Review of the Literature Relating to Sport Participation and Competitive Sport Policies
Authors: Jones Bethany Alice , Arcelus Jon , Bouman Walter Pierre , Haycraft Emma 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Background
Whether transgender people should be able to compete in sport in accordance with their gender identity is a widely contested question within the literature and among sport organisations, fellow competitors and spectators. Owing to concerns surrounding transgender people (especially transgender female individuals) having an athletic advantage, several sport organisations place restrictions on transgender competitors (e.g. must have undergone gender-confirming surgery). In addition, some transgender people who engage in sport, both competitively and for leisure, report discrimination and victimisation.

Objective
To the authors’ knowledge, there has been no systematic review of the literature pertaining to sport participation or competitive sport policies in transgender people. Therefore, this review aimed to address this gap in the literature.

Method
Eight research articles and 31 sport policies were reviewed.

Results
In relation to sport-related physical activity, this review found the lack of inclusive and comfortable environments to be the primary barrier to participation for transgender people. This review also found transgender people had a mostly negative experience in competitive sports because of the restrictions the sport’s policy placed on them. The majority of transgender competitive sport policies that were reviewed were not evidence based.

Conclusion
Currently, there is no direct or consistent research suggesting transgender female individuals (or male individuals) have an athletic advantage at any stage of their transition (e.g. cross-sex hormones, gender-confirming surgery) and, therefore, competitive sport policies that place restrictions on transgender people need to be considered and potentially revised.
Influence of sailplane wing-bending flexibility on ‘1- Cosine’ gust loads
Authors: Lasauskas E. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTSimultaneous modelling of aerodynamics, structure and flight dynamics is used to predict the gust loads on a model of 18-metre wingspan sailplane that includes bending flexibility. The ASWING software is used to analyse the time history of the wing-bending moment and the shear force at the wing root for the design gust speed and for the design maximum speed at different wavelengths of a ‘1-Cosine’ gust. Maximum values from the time history were compared with certification requirements for rigid sailplanes. The analysis revealed that wing-bending flexibility reduces the loads.
Comparison of Data Collection for Healthcare-Associated Infection Surveillance in Nursing Homes
Authors: Epstein Lauren , Stone Nimalie D. , LaPlace Lisa , Harper Jane , Lynfield Ruth , Warnke Linn , Whitten Tory , Maloney Meghan , Melchreit Richard , Rodriguez Richard , Quinlan Gail , Concannon Cathleen , Dumyati Ghinwa , Thompson Deborah L. , Thompson Nicola 
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVETo facilitate surveillance and describe the burden of healthcare-associated infection (HAI) in nursing homes (NHs), we compared the quality of resident-level data collected by NH personnel and external staff.DESIGNA 1-day point-prevalence surveySETTING AND PARTICIPANTSOverall, 9 nursing homes among 4 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Emerging Infection Program (EIP) sites were included in this study.METHODSNH personnel collected data on resident characteristics, clinical risk factors for HAIs, and the presence of 3 HAI screening criteria on the day of the survey. Trained EIP surveillance officers collected the same data elements via retrospective medical chart review for comparison; surveillance officers also collected available data to identify HAIs (using revised McGeer definitions). Overall agreement was calculated among residents identified by both teams with selected risk factors and HAI screening criteria. The impact of using NH personnel to collect screening criteria on HAI prevalence was assessed.RESULTSThe overall prevalence of clinical risk factors among the 1,272 residents was similar between NH personnel and surveillance officers, but the level of positive agreement (residents with factors identified by both teams) varied between 39% and 87%. Surveillance officers identified 253 residents (20%) with ≥1 HAI screening criterion, resulting in 67 residents with an HAI (5.3 per 100 residents). The NH personnel identified 152 (12%) residents with ≥1 HAI screening criterion; 42 residents had an HAI (3.5 per 100 residents).CONCLUSIONWe identified discrepancies in resident-level data collection between surveillance officers and NH personnel, resulting in varied estimates of the HAI prevalence. These findings have important implications for the design and implementation of future HAI prevalence surveys.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;1440–1445
Impact of an Infection Control and Antimicrobial Stewardship Program on Solid Organ Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgical Site Infections
Authors: Frenette Charles , Sperlea David , Leharova Yveta , Thirion Daniel J. G. 
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVEThe goal of this long-term quasi-experimental retrospective study was to assess the impact of a 5-year serial infection control and antimicrobial stewardship intervention on surgical site infections (SSIs).METHODSThis study was conducted in a tertiary-care public teaching institution over a 5-year period from January 2010 to December 2014. All patients undergoing hepatobiliary surgery and liver, kidney, pancreas, and simultaneous pancreas–kidney transplantation were included. Outcomes were compared between a preintervention group (2010–2011) and a postintervention group (2012–2014).RESULTSA total of 1,424 procedures averaged an overall SSI rate of 11.2%. After implementation of the interventions, a decrease of 52.8% in SSI rates from 17.4% to 8.2% was observed (P<.001; odds ratio [OR], 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5–2.9). An overall significant decrease >50% (relative rate; P<.001) was observed in superficial incisional and organ-space infections between pre- and postintervention groups. In addition, a 54.9% decrease from 19.7% to 8.9% (P<.001; OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.4–3.5) and a 51.6% decrease from 15.5% to 7.5% (P=.001; OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.4–3.5) were observed for SSI rates in hepatobiliary surgery and solid organ transplantation, respectively. The antimicrobial stewardship intervention increased overall conformity to the internal surgical prophylaxis protocol by 15.2% (absolute rate) from 45.1% to 60.3% (P<.003; 95% CI, 5.4–24.9).CONCLUSIONSA long-term serial infection control and antimicrobial stewardship intervention decreased SSIs among patients undergoing hepatobiliary surgery and liver, kidney, pancreas, and simultaneous pancreas–kidney transplantation.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;1468–1474
Fundamental solutions to moment equations for the simulation of microscale gas flows
Authors: Lockerby D. A. , Collyer B. 
Published: October 2016

Fundamental solutions (Green’s functions) to Grad’s steady-state linearised 13-moment equations for non-equilibrium gas flows are derived. The creeping microscale gas flows, to which they pertain, are important to understanding the behaviour of atmospheric particulate and the performance of many potential micro/nano technologies. Fundamental solutions are also derived for the regularised form of the steady-state linearised 13-moment equations, due to Struchtrup & Torrilhon (Phys. Fluids, vol. 15 (9), 2003, pp. 2668–2680). The solutions are compared to their classical and ubiquitous counterpart: the Stokeslet. For an illustration of their utility, the fundamental solutions to Grad’s equations are implemented in a linear superposition approach to modelling external flows. Such schemes are mesh free, and benefit from not having to truncate and discretise an infinite three-dimensional domain. The high accuracy of the technique is demonstrated for creeping non-equilibrium gas flow around a sphere, for which an analytical solution exists for comparison. Finally, to demonstrate the method’s geometrical flexibility, the flow generated between adjacent spheres held at a fixed uniform temperature difference is explored.
Human resource development and human resource management levers for sustained competitive advantage: Combining isomorphism and differentiation
Authors: Chapman Elizabeth F , Sisk Faye A , Schatten Jeff , Miles Edward W 
Published: October 2016

AbstractNumerous studies have investigated human resources as a source of sustained competitive advantage, indicating that the high-performance work systems created by certain human resource development and human resource management practices lead to greater firm performance. Though the mechanism by which this link exists remains a ‘black box,’ substantial evidence shows organizations benefit by adopting the human resource development and human resource management practices that lead to high-performance work systems. We discuss two divergent perspectives, institutional theory and resource-based view, and their impact on high-performance work systems. We argue that organizations adhering to tenets of institutional theory experience isomorphism in certain human resource development and human resource management practices, whereas resource-based view attributes create ways that firms differentiate their practices. We posit that to be competitive firms must balance the push–pull effect of institutional pressure with that of resource-based view differentiation.
Knowledge exploration and innovation: A review and an inverse S-curve proposition
Authors: Luo Ben Nanfeng , Lui Steven , Liu Chih-Hsing , Zhang Rongrong 
Published: October 2016

AbstractFirms today thrive on innovation. Knowledge exploration, the nonlocal search for new knowledge beyond the firm’s current expertise, is posited to be critical for innovation. This paper seeks to contribute to the research on knowledge exploration in two ways. First, this paper provides a comprehensive review of key empirical studies on knowledge exploration and innovation. Second, this paper proposes a recombinatory search framework of innovation to reconceptualise extant understanding of knowledge exploration on innovation. This new framework focusses on the evolution of the benefits and costs of knowledge exploration, and puts forward an inverse S-curve proposition between knowledge exploration and innovation. Two company cases, IBM and Procter & Gamble, are then used to illustrate the new proposition.
El Mirón Cave (Ramales, Cantabria, Spain) Date List V: Middle Paleolithic and Lower Magdalenian
Authors: Straus Lawrence G , González Morales Manuel R 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis fifth date list for the long cultural sequence in El Mirón Cave (Cantabria, Spain) reports on new radiocarbon assays for the Middle Paleolithic and Lower Magdalenian levels, ranging from about >45 to 15 uncalibrated kyr.
Middle Pennsylvanian vegetation of the San Giorgio Basin, southern Sardinia (Italy)
Authors: CLEAL CHRISTOPHER J. , SCANU GIOVANNI G. , BUOSI CARLA , PITTAU PAOLA , KUSTATSCHER EVELYN 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe small, intramontane San Giorgio Basin in southwestern Sardinia has yielded plant macrofossils dominated by sphenophytes, but with subsidiary pteridosperms, ferns, (?)noeggerathians and cordaitanthaleans. They belong to the upper part of theCrenulopteris acadicaZone or possibly theOdontopteris cantabricaZone, indicating a late Asturian or Cantabrian (≡ late Moscovian) age. They therefore correlate with the post-Leonian deposits in northern Spain, the Nýřany Member in Western and Central Bohemia, and the Llantwit Beds in South Wales. The presence of post-tectonic deposits of this age is further evidence of the widespread influence of the Leonian Phase of tectonic activity in middle Asturian times, whose effect can be observed across Europe. The San Giorgio Basin is therefore a late Variscan rather than post-Variscan basin.
Exploring genetic moderators and epigenetic mediators of contextual and family effects: From Gene × Environment to epigenetics
Authors: Beach Steven R. H. , Brody Gene H. , Barton Allen W. , Philibert Robert A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn the current manuscript, we provide an overview of a research program at the University of Georgia's Center for Family Research designed to expand upon rapid and ongoing developments in the fields of genetics and epigenetics. By placing those developments in the context of translational research on family and community determinants of health and well-being among rural African Americans, we hope to identify novel, modifiable environments and biological processes. In the first section of the article, we review our earlier work on genotypic variation effects on the association between family context and mental and physical health outcomes as well as differential responses to family-based intervention. We then transition to discuss our more recent research on the association of family and community environments with epigenetic processes. In this second section of the article, we begin by briefly reviewing terminology and basic considerations before describing evidence that early environments may influence epigenetic motifs that potentially serve as mediators of long-term effects of early family and community environments on longer term health outcomes. We also provide evidence that genotype may sometimes influence epigenetic outcomes. Finally, we describe our recent efforts to use genome-wide characterization of epigenetic patterns to better understand the biological impact of protective parenting on long-term shifts in inflammatory processes and its potential implications for young adult health. As will be clear, research on epigenetics as a mediator of the connections between family/community processes and a range of health outcomes is still in its infancy, but the potential to develop important insights regarding mechanisms linking modifiable environments to biological processes and long-term health outcomes already is coming into view.
‘So one would notice the good navigability’: economic decline and the cartographic conception of urban space in late fifteenth- and sixteenth-century Bruges
Authors: DEWILDE BRECHT , DUMOLYN JAN , LAMBERT BART , VANNIEUWENHUYZE BRAM 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTDuring most of the late medieval period, the Flemish city of Bruges acted as the main commercial hub of north-western Europe. In the course of the fifteenth century, however, Bruges lost much of its allure as an economic metropolis. One of the most urgent challenges the urban authorities were facing was the navigability of the waterways in and around the city. While the city government made structural investments to remedy the problems, written sources constantly emphasized how important it was that Bruges remained accessible from the sea. During the same period, the earliest preserved maps of the city and its environment emerged. Drawing on the work of Henri Lefebvre, this article argues that these visual representations were informed by the same commercial ideology. Despite, or exactly because of, the city's decreasing maritime accessibility, they conceived Bruges as a place that could easily be reached by trading ships and where merchants could trade in the best possible circumstances.
Development of Ca2+-release mechanisms during oocyte maturation of the starfishAsterina pectinifera
Authors: Takahashi Isao , Kyozuka Keiichiro 
Published: October 2016

SummaryAn important step for successful fertilization and further development is the increase in intracellular Ca2+in the activated oocyte. It has been known that starfish oocytes become increasingly sensitive to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) during meiotic maturation to exhibit highly efficient IP3-induced Ca2+release (IICR) by the time of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). However, we noted that the peak level of intracellular Ca2+increase after insemination is already high in the maturing oocytes before GVBD. Using maturing oocytes before GVBD, we investigated Ca2+release mechanisms other than IICR. We report here that Ca2+-release mechanisms dependent on nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADP), the precursor of NAADP, became functional prior to the development of IICR mechanisms. As with IP3, but unlike NAADP, the Ca2+stores responsive to NADP are sensitized during the meiotic maturation induced by 1-methyladenine (1-MA). This suggests that the process may represent a physiological response to the maturation hormone. NADP-dependent Ca2+release in immature oocytes, however, did not induce oocyte maturation by itself, but was enhanced by the conditions mimicking the increases of intracellular Ca2+and pH that take place in the maturing oocytes of starfish.
The Maritime Routes Between China and the Indian Ocean During the Second to Ninth Centuriesc.e.
Authors: HAW STEPHEN G. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe interpretation of history is often a complex task. All too often, sources are misinterpreted because of historians’ preconceptions. This article takes issue with one such misinterpretation, the anachronistic view that the Strait of Melaka has been the principal sea route connecting the Indian Ocean with the South China Sea throughout most of recorded history. Beginning at a period when an overland journey across the Malay Peninsula was an essential link in the routes connecting South, Southeast and East Asia, it is suggested that the first entirely maritime itinerary to be used regularly passed through the Sunda Strait. Changes in itineraries affected the fortunes of the states of Southeast Asia, particularly of Funan and Srivijaya.