bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The strong freshwater anomaly during the onset of the 2015/2016 El Niño
Authors: Gasparin F. , Roemmich D. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe strong freshwater anomaly in the equatorial Pacific is investigated during the onset of the 2015/2016 El Niño using oceanic observational data sets and atmospheric reanalyzes. The 2015 salinity patterns are marked by a large equatorial freshwater anomaly whose extensive spatial and large amplitude characteristics have not previously been captured in the 2004–2014 Argo record. As the main contributors of the freshwater budget, zonal advection and surface forcing have similar amplitude but with maxima located at different longitudes around the dateline. The comparison of the substantial rainfall and westerly winds observed in 2015 with the 2009 and 1997 El Niño onset years shows that 2015 characteristics combine both typical salinity‐related patterns of Central and Eastern Pacific El Niños. Dynamically, this large freshwater anomaly causes a positive steric height anomaly in the western Pacific and increases eastward surface acceleration at the SSS front due to the zonal pressure gradient.
Earthquake‐induced soft‐sediment deformations and seismically amplified erosion rates recorded in varved sediments of Köyceğiz Lake (SW Turkey)
Authors: Avşar Ulaş , Jónsson Sigurjón , Avşar Özgür , Schmidt Sabine 
Published: June 2016

AbstractEarthquake‐triggered landslides amplify erosion rates in catchments, i.e., catchment response (CR) to seismic shocks. In addition to historical eyewitness accounts of muddy rivers implying CRs after large earthquakes, several studies have quantitatively reported increased sediment concentrations in rivers after earthquakes. However, only a few paleolimnological studies could detect CRs within lacustrine sedimentary sequences as siliciclastic‐enriched intercalations within background sedimentation. Since siliciclastic‐enriched intercalations can easily be of nonseismic origin, their temporal correlation with nearby earthquakes is crucial to assign a seismic triggering mechanism. In most cases, either uncertainties in dating methods or the lack of recent seismic activity has prevented reliable temporal correlations, making the seismic origin of observed sedimentary events questionable. Here we attempt to remove this question mark by presenting sedimentary traces of CRs in the 370‐year‐long varved sequence of Köyceğiz Lake (SW Turkey) that we compare with estimated peak ground acceleration (PGA) values of several nearby earthquakes. We find that earthquakes exceeding estimated PGA values of ~20 cm/s2 can induce soft‐sediment deformations, while CRs seem only to be triggered by PGA levels higher than 70 cm/s2. In Köyceğiz Lake, CRs produce Cr‐ and Ni‐enriched sedimentation due to the seismically mobilized soils derived from ultramafic rocks in the catchment. Given the varve chronology, the residence time of the seismically mobilized material in the catchment is determined to be 5 to 10 years.
An observationally constrained evaluation of the oxidative capacity in the tropical western Pacific troposphere
Authors: Nicely Julie M. , Anderson Daniel C. , Canty Timothy P. , Salawitch Ross J. , Wolfe Glenn M. , Apel Eric C. , Arnold Steve R. , Atlas Elliot L. , Blake Nicola J. , Bresch James F. , Campos Teresa L. , Dickerson Russell R. , Duncan Bryan , Emmons Louisa K. , Evans Mathew J. , Fernandez Rafael P. , Flemming Johannes , Hall Samuel R. , Hanisco Thomas F. , Honomichl Shawn B. , Hornbrook Rebecca S. , Huijnen Vincent , Kaser Lisa , Kinnison Douglas E. , Lamarque Jean‐Francois , Mao Jingqiu , Monks Sarah A. , Montzka Denise D. , Pan Laura L. , Riemer Daniel D. , Saiz‐Lopez Alfonso , Steenrod Stephen D. , Stell Meghan H. , Tilmes Simone , Turquety Solene , Ullmann Kirk , Weinheimer Andrew J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHydroxyl radical (OH) is the main daytime oxidant in the troposphere and determines the atmospheric lifetimes of many compounds. We use aircraft measurements of O3, H2O, NO, and other species from the Convective Transport of Active Species in the Tropics (CONTRAST) field campaign, which occurred in the tropical western Pacific (TWP) during January–February 2014, to constrain a photochemical box model and estimate concentrations of OH throughout the troposphere. We find that tropospheric column OH (OHCOL) inferred from CONTRAST observations is 12 to 40% higher than found in chemical transport models (CTMs), including CAM‐chem‐SD run with 2014 meteorology as well as eight models that participated in POLMIP (2008 meteorology). Part of this discrepancy is due to a clear‐sky sampling bias that affects CONTRAST observations; accounting for this bias and also for a small difference in chemical mechanism results in our empirically based value of OHCOL being 0 to 20% larger than found within global models. While these global models simulate observed O3 reasonably well, they underestimate NOx (NO + NO2) by a factor of 2, resulting in OHCOL ~30% lower than box model simulations constrained by observed NO. Underestimations by CTMs of observed CH3CHO throughout the troposphere and of HCHO in the upper troposphere further contribute to differences between our constrained estimates of OH and those calculated by CTMs. Finally, our calculations do not support the prior suggestion of the existence of a tropospheric OH minimum in the TWP, because during January–February 2014 observed levels of O3 and NO were considerably larger than previously reported values in the TWP.
On the failure of upscaling the single‐collector efficiency to the transport of colloids in an array of collectors
Authors: Messina Francesca , Tosco Tiziana , Sethi Rajandrea 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDefining the removal efficiency of a filter is a key aspect for colloid transport in porous media. Several efforts were devoted to derive accurate correlations for the single‐collector removal efficiency, but its upscaling to the entire porous medium is still a challenging topic. A common approach involves the assumption of deposition being independent of the history of transport, that is, the collector efficiency is uniform along the porous medium. However, this approach was shown inadequate under unfavorable deposition conditions. In this work, the authors demonstrate that it is not adequate even in the simplest case of favorable deposition. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were run in a vertical array of 50 identical spherical collectors. Particle transport was numerically solved by analyzing a broad range of parameters. The results evidenced that when particle deposition is not controlled by Brownian diffusion, nonexponential concentration profiles are retrieved, in contrast with the assumption of uniform efficiency. If sedimentation and interception dominate, the efficiency of the first sphere is significantly higher compared to the others, and then declines along the array down to an asymptotic value. Finally, a correlation for the upscaled removal efficiency of the entire array was derived.
Infiltration experiments demonstrate an explicit connection between heterogeneity and anomalous diffusion behavior
Authors: Filipovitch N. , Hill K. M. , Longjas A. , Voller V. R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTransport in systems containing heterogeneity distributed over multiple length scales can exhibit anomalous diffusion behaviors, where the time exponent, determining the spreading length scale of the transported scalar, differs from the expected value of
. Here we present experimental measurements of the infiltration of glycerin, under a fixed pressure head, into a Hele‐Shaw cell containing a 3‐D printed distribution of flow obstacles; a system that is an analog for infiltration into a porous medium. In support of previously presented direct simulation results, we experimentally demonstrate that, when the obstacles are distributed as a fractal carpet with fractal dimension H < 2, the averaged progress of infiltration exhibits a subdiffusive behavior
. We further show that observed values of the subdiffusion time exponent appear to be quadratically related to the fractal dimension of the carpet.
Trajectories of Low Back Pain From Adolescence to Young Adulthood
Authors: Coenen Pieter , Smith Anne , Paananen Markus , O'Sullivan Peter , Beales Darren , Straker Leon 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveDespite the high prevalence and burden of low back pain (LBP), understanding of its course during the transition from adolescence to adulthood is limited. The aim of this study was to identify and describe trajectories of LBP and its impact among a general population sample followed from adolescence to young adulthood.MethodsData from followup assessments at years 17, 20, and 22 of the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study were used (n = 1,249). Self‐reported LBP and its impact on daily life were assessed, and latent class analysis was used to identify clusters. Resultant clusters were profiled on sex, waist circumference, diagnosed comorbid pain, and health‐related quality of life.ResultsFour clusters were identified: a cluster of participants with a consistently low prevalence of LBP and its impact (53%) during the period from adolescence to young adulthood, a cluster with an increase in the prevalence of LBP and its impact (22%), a cluster with a decrease in the prevalence of LBP and its impact (15%), and a cluster with a consistently high prevalence of LBP and its impact (10%). These clusters differed markedly on the profiling variables.ConclusionThe identified clusters provide unique information on LBP and its impact during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood. Consideration of these trajectories could be important in the design of early prevention and management strategies.
“You Obviously Just Have to Put on a Brave Face”: A Qualitative Study of the Experiences and Coping Styles of Men With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Flurey Caroline A. , Hewlett Sarah , Rodham Karen , White Alan , Noddings Robert , Kirwan John R. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveTo explore the experiences, coping styles, and support preferences of male rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.MethodsSix focus groups comprised 22 men with RA. Transcripts were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsThree overarching themes describe the experiences, coping styles, and support preferences of men with RA. In “challenges to masculinity,” the men described a “reduction in strength and abilities,” which can lead to loss of independence, “challenges to masculine identity and role,” and “loss of power and control.” Coping by “getting through life with RA” meant dealing with RA by “just getting on with it,” “information seeking,” engaging in “destructive behaviors,” and “withdrawing socially.” Preferred “sources of support” tended not to include friends, as they were perceived to lack understanding or support. For acceptable support the men reported a preference for information‐giving sessions rather than a discussion group, but there was no agreement on whether these should be mixed‐sex or men only, or who should run the sessions.ConclusionMale patients reported a range of coping styles and support preferences to address their experiences of living with RA, many of which may not be shared with women. Further research is needed to investigate whether these findings exist in a larger sample and whether the support preferences of men with RA are broadly different from those of women with RA to decide whether there is a clinical need to design a service for the potentially different needs of men.
Synthesis, Thermal and Combustion Properties of New Polyamide/Amidoacid@Fe3O4 Nanocomposite
Authors: Modiri‐Delshad Tayebeh , Khoobi Mehdi , Shabanian Meisam , Khonakdar Hossein Ali , Shafiee Abbas 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA new amidoacid‐functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticle was provided as an aliphatic‐aromatic polyamide‐based nanocomposite. The aliphatic‐aromatic polyamide was synthesized by the direct polycondensation reaction of azelaic acid and 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl sulfone. Also, for better compatibility, Fe3O4@SiO2 was modified by diethylenetriamine and succinic anhydride. The neat Fe3O4 nanoparticles (MNP) and amidoacid‐functionalized Fe3O4 (AFM) were separately incorporated into the polyamide. Flammability as well as thermal properties of PA and the nanocomposites were studied by microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The properties of the nanocomposites were strongly related to the dispersion and interaction between the nanoparticles and the polyamide matrix. Results revealed that incorporation of amidoacid‐functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticle into the polyamide improved the thermal and combustion properties of polyamide compared to the neat Fe3O4 nanoparticles. According to TGA data, a 69% increase was observed in the char yield value, which has been achieved by the introduction of 2 wt.% amidoacid‐functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticle into PA.
Association of IgG4‐Related Disease With History of Malignancy
Authors: Wallace Zachary S. , Wallace Carly J. , Lu Na , Choi Hyon K. , Stone John H. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveIgG4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD) is a fibroinflammatory disease of unclear etiology. Some studies suggest that IgG4‐RD predisposes patients to malignancy or is a forme fruste of cancer, but we have frequently observed IgG4‐RD patients who have a history of malignancy preceding the clinical onset of IgG4‐RD. This study was undertaken to characterize IgG4‐RD in the setting of previous malignancy diagnosis.MethodsWe identified IgG4‐RD patients with a history of invasive malignancy from a well‐defined cohort of 125 patients and compared their malignancy history to those of 2 reference groups. First, we calculated a standardized prevalence ratio against general US population estimates from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Second, we identified up to 5 age‐ and sex‐matched controls for each case and calculated the odds of malignancy among those with IgG4‐RD compared to controls, using conditional logistic regression.ResultsThe mean ± SD age at IgG4‐RD onset was 50.3 ± 14.9 years, and 61% of the patients were male. Twenty (16%) had been diagnosed as having malignancies (total 21 malignancies) before the diagnosis of IgG4‐RD. The observed prevalence of malignancy in this cohort was 2.5 times higher (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.1–3.6) than expected compared to the SEER database. Compared to matched controls, the frequency of history of malignancy was >3‐fold higher in IgG4‐RD patients (95% CI 1.6–6.2).ConclusionOur findings suggest that, in a subset of patients with IgG4‐RD, malignancy may be associated with subsequent IgG4‐RD development. Potential explanations include shared risk factors for both IgG4‐RD and cancer, the triggering by cancer of autoantigen expression leading to IgG4‐RD, and an increased risk of IgG4‐RD resulting from cancer treatment.
Brief Report: Management of Chronic Post‐Chikungunya Rheumatic Disease: The Martinican Experience
Authors: Blettery Marie , Brunier Lauren , Polomat Kathleen , Moinet Florence , Deligny Christophe , Arfi Serge , Jean‐Baptiste Georges , De Bandt Michel 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveTo describe chronic chikungunya manifestations seen during the outbreak in the Caribbean from December 2013 to January 2015.MethodsPatients were seen at our center, the only rheumatology department in Martinique Island, and were examined by a senior rheumatologist using a standard care report form. Chikungunya was diagnosed collectively based on consensus among all clinicians. The median time from onset of acute chikungunya to the first rheumatology consultation was calculated, severity was evaluated based on clinical scales and the degree of joint destruction, and each patient's treatment was recorded.ResultsFor the 147 patients analyzed, the median time between onset of acute chikungunya and the first rheumatology consultation was 8 months. After review of each patient's medical record, 19 (12.9%) were diagnosed as having epidemic‐influenced chikungunya. Four distinct rheumatologic patterns were observed in the remaining patients (those with compatible history and positive serologic findings): 47 patients (32%) had reactivation of painful chronic mechanical manifestations, 9 patients (6.1%) had fibromyalgia, 45 patients (30.6%) met criteria for spondyloarthritis (as evaluated before the chikungunya virus infection in all patients) and experienced a flare, and 27 patients (18.4%), with no history of joint disease, developed de novo bilateral symmetric chronic inflammatory joint disease in response to chikungunya virus infection. For inflammatory arthritis, most patients were treated with methotrexate (up to 25 mg/week), with good response and tolerance. Thirteen patients were treated with conventional doses of anti–tumor necrosis factor agents, with good tolerance and efficacy as expected.ConclusionThe term “chronic chikungunya syndrome” covers multiple etiologies. Compliance with the French Society of Rheumatology recommendations, careful recording of patient histories, and serologic verification help prevent errors inherent to the epidemic context and ensure early therapeutic intervention for these patients. To avoid late initiation of treatment, patients should receive rheumatologic consultation as early as possible.
Collagen‐like antimicrobial peptides
Authors: Masuda Ryo , Kudo Masakazu , Dazai Yui , Mima Takehiko , Koide Takaki 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTCombinatorial library composed of rigid rod‐like peptides with a triple‐helical scaffold was constructed. The component peptides were designed to have various combinations of basic and neutral (or hydrophobic) amino acid residues based on collagen‐like (Gly‐Pro‐Yaa)‐repeating sequences, inspired from the basic and amphiphilic nature of naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides. Screening of the peptide pools resulted in identification of antimicrobial peptides. A structure‐activity relationship study revealed that the position of Arg‐cluster at N‐terminus and cystine knots at C‐terminus in the triple helix significantly contributed to the antimicrobial activity. The most potent peptide RO‐A showed activity against Gram‐negative Escherichia coli and Gram‐positive Bacillus subtilis. In addition, Escherichia coli exposed to RO‐A resulted in abnormal elongation of the cells. RO‐A was also shown to have remarkable stability in human serum and low cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 106: 453–459, 2016.
Specific affinity‐labeling of the nociceptin ORL1 receptor using a thiol‐activated Cys(Npys)‐containing peptide ligand
Authors: Matsushima Ayami , Nishimura Hirokazu , Matsuyama Yutaka , Liu Xiaohui , Costa Tommaso , Shimohigashi Yasuyuki 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTWe previously showed that an antagonist‐based peptide ligand, H‐Cys(Npys)‐Arg‐Tyr‐Tyr‐Arg‐ Ile‐Lys‐NH2, captures the free thiol groups in the ligand‐binding site of the nociceptin receptor ORL1. However, the exact receptor sites of this thiol‐disulfide exchange reaction have not been uncovered, although such identification would help to clarify the ligand recognition site. Since the Cys→Ala substitution prevents the reaction, we performed the so‐called Ala scanning for all the Cys residues in the transmembrane (TM) domains of the ORL1 receptor. Seven different mutant receptors were soundly expressed in the COS‐7 cells and examined for their specific affinity labeling by a competitive binding assay using nociceptin and [3H]nociceptin. The results of in vitro Ala scanning analyses revealed that the labeled residues were Cys59 in TM1, Cys215 and Cys231 in TM5, and Cys310 in TM7. The present study has provided a novel method of Cys(Npys)‐affinity labeling for identification of the ligand‐binding sites in the ORL1 receptor. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 106: 460–469, 2016.
Prevalence of hypercalcemia among cancer patients in the United States
Authors: Gastanaga Victor M. , Schwartzberg Lee S. , Jain Rajul K. , Pirolli Melissa , Quach David , Quigley Jane M. , Mu George , Scott Stryker W. , Liede Alexander 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHypercalcemia of malignancy (HCM) is a serious metabolic complication whose population‐based prevalence has not been quantified. Rates of HCM differ by tumor type, with highest rates reported in multiple myeloma and lowest among colorectal and prostate cancer patients. This analysis estimates HCM prevalence in the US. This retrospective study used the Oncology Services Comprehensive Electronic Records (OSCER) warehouse of electronic health records (EHR) including laboratory values from 569000 patients treated at 565 oncology outpatient sites. OSCER data were projected to the national level by linking EHR to claims data. Cancer patients included were ≥18 years, and had serum calcium (Ca) and albumin (for corrected serum Ca [CSC]) records. Period prevalence was estimated by HCM CTCAE grade, tumor type, and year (2009–2013). Estimates were adjusted to capture patients diagnosed with HCM outside oncology practices based on a subset of patients linkable to office and hospital data. The analysis included 68023 (2009) to 121482 (2013) cancer patients. In 2013, patients with HCM had a median of six Ca tests, 69.7% had chemotherapy, and 34% received bone modifying agents. HCM rates were highest for multiple myeloma patients (7.5% [2012]–10.2% [2010]), lowest for prostate cancer (1.4% [2012]–2.1% [2011]).The estimated adjusted annual prevalence of HCM from 2009 to 2013 was 95441, 96281, 89797, 70158, and 71744, respectively. HCM affected 2.0–2.8% of all cancer patients. EHR data from oncology clinics were critical for this study because these data contain results from laboratory studies (i.e., serum calcium values) that are routinely ordered in that setting. We estimated that the prevalence of HCM in the US in 2013 is 71744, affecting approximately 2% of cancer patients overall. This percentage differs by tumor type and appears to have decreased over the five‐year study period.
The impact of marital status at diagnosis on cancer survival in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Shi Rong‐liang , Qu Ning , Lu Zhong‐wu , Liao Tian , Gao Yi , Ji Qing‐hai 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPrevious studies have revealed that marital status influences the prognosis of patients with various types of cancer. We evaluated the influence of marriage on the survival outcomes in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database between 2002 and 2012 was used to compare cancer‐specific mortality in different marital status, and in each sex, age, and stage stratification by multivariate Cox regression model. In total, 61,077 eligible patients were identified. The widowed group had the highest proportion of women, elderly patients (≥45 years), and advanced stage III/IV tumor (P = 0.001), but the total thyroidectomy (TT) performed and radioisotopes therapy rates were lower than those in the married group. Married patients had a better cancer‐specific survival (CSS) than the unmarried (P < 0.05). Further analysis showed that widowed patients always presented the lowest CSS compared with other groups. Widowed patients had a significant increased risk for CSS compared with married patients in males [hazard ratio (HR) 2.72, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.59–4.65, P = 0.001], females (HR 2.02, 95% CI: 2.24–4.06, P = 0.001), young patients (<45, HR 28.12, 95% CI: 3.48–227.25, P = 0.002), elderly patients (≥45, HR 28.12, 95% CI: 2.97, 95% CI: 2.30–3.83, P = 0.001), stage I (HR 8.44, 95% CI: 4.05–17.59, P = 0.001), stage II (HR 3.64, 95% CI: 1.30–10.20, P = 0.014), stage III (HR 2.27, 95% CI: 1.08–4.78, P = 0.031), and stage IV (HR 2.63, 95% CI: 1.94–3.57, P = 0.001). These results showed that unmarried status, especially for widowhood, increased the risk of cancer mortality in DTC patients.