bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Removal of perineuronal nets disrupts recall of a remote fear memory
Authors: Thompson Elise Holter , Lensjø Kristian Kinden , Wigestrand Mattis Brænne , Malthe-Sørenssen Anders , Hafting Torkel , Fyhn Marianne 
Published: December 2017

Significance
Perineuronal nets (PNNs), a type of extracellular matrix only found in the central nervous system, wraps tightly around the cell soma and proximal dendrites of a subset of neurons. The PNNs are long-lasting structures that restrict plasticity, making them eligible candidates for memory processing. This work demonstrates that PNNs in the lateral secondary visual cortex (V2L) are essential for the recall of a remote visual fear memory. The results suggest a role of extracellular molecules in storage and retrieval of memories.
Motor dexterity and strength depend upon integrity of the attention-control system
Authors: Rinne Paul , Hassan Mursyida , Fernandes Cristina , Han Erika , Hennessy Emma , Waldman Adam , Sharma Pankaj , Soto David , Leech Robert , Malhotra Paresh A. , Bentley Paul 
Published: December 2017

Significance
Simple voluntary movements (e.g., reaching or gripping) deteriorate with distraction, suggesting that the attention-control system—which suppresses distraction—influences motor control. Here, we tested the causal dependency of simple movements on attention control, and its neuroanatomical basis, in healthy elderly and patients with focal brain lesions. Not only did we find that attention control correlates with motor performance, correcting for lesion size, fatigue, etc., but we found a revealing pattern of dissociations: Severe motor impairment could occur with normal attention control whereas impaired attention control never occurred with disproportionately milder motor impairment—suggesting that attention control is required for normal motor performance. One implication is that a component of stroke paralysis arises from poor attentional control, which could itself be a therapeutic target.
MIIC online: a web server to reconstruct causal or non-causal networks from non-perturbative data
Authors: Sella Nadir , Verny Louis , Uguzzoni Guido , Affeldt Séverine , Isambert Hervé 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Summary
We present a web server running the MIIC algorithm, a network learning method combining constraint-based and information-theoretic frameworks to reconstruct causal, non-causal or mixed networks from non-perturbative data, without the need for an a priori choice on the class of reconstructed network. Starting from a fully connected network, the algorithm first removes dispensable edges by iteratively subtracting the most significant information contributions from indirect paths between each pair of variables. The remaining edges are then filtered based on their confidence assessment or oriented based on the signature of causality in observational data. MIIC online server can be used for a broad range of biological data, including possible unobserved (latent) variables, from single-cell gene expression data to protein sequence evolution and outperforms or matches state-of-the-art methods for either causal or non-causal network reconstruction.

Availability and implementation
MIIC online can be freely accessed at https://miic.curie.fr.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The approximate solution of non-linear time-delay fractional optimal control problems by embedding process
Authors: Ziaei E , Farahi M H 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
In this paper, a class of time-delay fractional optimal control problems (TDFOCPs) is studied. Delays may appear in state or control (or both) functions. By an embedding process and using conformable fractional derivative as a new definition of fractional derivative and integral, the class of admissible pair (state, control) is replaced by a class of positive Radon measures. The optimization problem found in measure space is then approximated by a linear programming problem (LPP). The optimal measure which is representing optimal pair is approximated by the solution of a LPP. In this paper, we have shown that the embedding method (embedding the admissible set into a subset of measures), successfully can be applied to non-linear TDFOCPs. The usefulness of the used idea in this paper is that the method is not iterative, quite straightforward and can be applied to non-linear dynamical systems.
Imaging the molecular outflows of the prototypical ULIRG NGC 6240 with ALMA
Authors: Saito T , Iono D , Ueda J , Espada D , Sliwa K , Nakanishi K , Lu N , Xu C K , Michiyama T , Kaneko H , Yamashita T , Ando M , Yun M S , Motohara K , Kawabe R 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
We present 0.97 × 0.53 arcsec2 (470 pc × 250 pc) resolution CO (J = 2–1) observations towards the nearby luminous merging galaxy NGC 6240 with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. We confirmed a strong CO concentration within the central 700 pc, which peaks between the double nuclei, surrounded by extended CO features along the optical dust lanes (∼11 kpc). We found that the CO emission around the central, a few kpc, has extremely broad velocity wings with full width at zero intensity ∼ 2000 km s−1, suggesting a possible signature of molecular outflow(s). In order to extract and visualize the high-velocity components in NGC 6240, we performed a multiple Gaussian fit to the CO data cube. The distribution of the broad CO components shows four extremely large line width regions (∼1000 km s−1) located 1–2 kpc away from both nuclei. Spatial coincidence of the large line width regions with H α, near-IR H2, and X-ray suggests that the broad CO (2–1) components are associated with nuclear outflows launched from the double nuclei.
Cryptococcal Disease in the Era of “Test and Treat”: Is There Cause for Concern?
Authors: Abassi Mahsa , Rhein Joshua , Meya David B , Boulware David R 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Treatment of cryptococcosis requires deferred initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Early ART initiation may be detrimental in the context of cryptococcal infection by increasing the risk of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). We present 3 cases where early ART initiation in the presence of unrecognized cryptococcal disease had fatal outcomes.
Non‐invasive Assessment of Significant Dehydration in Infants Using the Inferior Vena Cava to Aortic Ratio
Authors: El Amrousy Doaa , Gamal Rasha , Elrifaey Shaymaa , Hassan Samir 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of the study was to assess the accuracy of the inferior vena cava to aorta (IVC/Ao) diameter ratio for predicting significant dehydration in infants relative to their percentage weight change and the clinical diagnosis by a physician.Methods:A prospective observational study was performed on 200 infants presented with acute diarrhea and clinical evidence of significant dehydration whose treatment required intravenous (IV) fluids as determined by the attending physician at the pediatric emergency department of Tanta University Hospital. Weight was recorded at admission before IV fluid treatment and at hospital discharge. The percentage of dehydration was determined using the following formula: (discharge weight − admission weight)/discharge weight × 100%. Patients with a percentage weight change of <5% were considered to be nonsignificantly dehydrated, whereas patients with a percentage weight change >5% were considered significantly dehydrated. The IVC/Ao diameter ratio was measured for all patients before IV fluid rehydration and again at discharge.Results:Only 134 out of 200 dehydrated infants were found to be significantly dehydrated using the gold standard, percentage weight change. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis of the prehydration IVC/Ao ratio showed a sensitivity of 82%, a specificity of 91%, and an accuracy of 87% for predicting significant dehydration in infants at a cut‐off point of less than 0.75. In contrast, physician clinical diagnosis showed a sensitivity of 70%, a specificity of 63%, and an accuracy of 73%.Conclusions:The IVC/Ao diameter ratio can be used as a reliable predictor for diagnosing significant dehydration in infants.
Diagnostic Tests in Pediatric Constipation
Authors: Tambucci Renato , Quitadamo Paolo , Thapar Nikhil , Zenzeri Letizia , Caldaro Tamara , Staiano Annamaria , Verrotti Alberto , Borrelli Osvaldo 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTConstipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal symptoms in children. With a median reported prevalence of 12%, it accounts for about 25% of all pediatric gastroenterology consultations. The majority of children experiences functional constipation and do not usually require any diagnostic testing. For those children not responding to conventional medical treatment or in the presence of a more significant clinical picture, however, an accurate instrumental assessment is usually recommended to evaluate either the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms or a possible organic etiology. The present review analyzes the possible diagnostic investigations for severely constipated children, focusing on their actual indications and their utility in clinical practice. During the last decade, there has been a remarkable increase in our knowledge of normal and abnormal colonic and anorectal motility in children, and a number of different techniques to measure transit and motility have been developed and are discussed in this narrative review.
Prevalence of Anti‐tissue Transglutaminase Antibodies and Celiac Disease in Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Alper Arik , Rojas‐Velasquez Danilo , Pashankar Dinesh S. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives:Celiac disease can occur in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and poses a diagnostic challenge. We evaluated the presence of anti‐tissue transglutaminase (tTG) antibodies and celiac disease among children with IBD.Methods:In a retrospective chart review, we assessed the prevalence of tTG antibodies and celiac disease and compared with a control group of children with gastrointestinal symptoms without IBD.Results:Study population included 130 children with IBD and 257 in the control group. Abnormal tTG levels were found in 6 and 20 patients, respectively (4.6% vs 7.8%, P = 0.24). One patient with IBD and 12 in the control group had celiac disease (0.8% vs 4.7%, P = 0.07).Conclusions:False‐positive tTG can occur in children with IBD. The prevalence of celiac disease is not increased in children with IBD compared with non‐IBD children with gastrointestinal symptoms and is similar to that in the general population.
Effects of Reaching National Goals on HIV Incidence, by Race and Ethnicity, in the United States
Authors: Uzun Jacobson Evin , Hicks Katherine A. , Tucker Emily L. , Farnham Paul G. , Sansom Stephanie L. 
Published: December 2017

Context:
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence and prevalence in the United States are characterized by significant disparities by race/ethnicity. National HIV care goals, such as boosting to 90% the proportion of persons whose HIV is diagnosed and increasing to 80% the proportion of persons living with diagnosed HIV who are virally suppressed, will likely reduce HIV incidence, but their effects on HIV-related disparities are uncertain.

Objective:
We sought to understand by race/ethnicity how current HIV care varies, the level of effort required to achieve national HIV care goals, and the effects of reaching those goals on HIV incidence and disparities.

Design:
Using a dynamic model of HIV transmission, we identified 2016 progress along the HIV care continuum among blacks, Hispanics, and whites/others compared with national 2020 goals. We examined disparities over time.

Setting:
United States.

Participants:
Beginning in 2006, our dynamic compartmental model simulated the sexually active US population 13 to 64 years of age, which was stratified into 195 subpopulations by transmission group, sex, race/ethnicity, age, male circumcision status, and HIV risk level.

Main Outcome Measure:
We compared HIV cumulative incidence from 2016 to 2020 when goals were reached compared with base case assumptions about progression along the HIV care continuum.

Results:
The 2016 proportion of persons with diagnosed HIV who were on treatment and virally suppressed was 50% among blacks, 56% among Hispanics, and 61% among whites/others, compared with a national goal of 80%. When diagnosis, linkage, and viral suppression goals were reached in 2020, cumulative HIV incidence fell by 32% (uncertainty range: 18%-37%) for blacks, 25% (22%-31%) for Hispanics, and 25% (21%-28%) for whites/others. Disparity measures changed little.

Conclusions:
Achieving national HIV care goals will require different levels of effort by race/ethnicity but likely will result in substantial declines in cumulative HIV incidence. HIV-related disparities in incidence and prevalence may be difficult to resolve.
Effects of Mat Pilates on Physical Functional Performance of Older Adults
Authors: Bueno de Souza Roberta Oliveira , Marcon Liliane de Faria , Arruda Alex Sandro Faria de , Pontes Junior Francisco Luciano , Melo Ruth Caldeira de 
Published: December 2017

Objective
The present meta-analysis aimed to examine evidence from randomized controlled trials to determine the effects of mat Pilates on measures of physical functional performance in the older population.

Design
A search was conducted in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Scielo, and PEDro databases between February and March 2017. Only randomized controlled trials that were written in English, included subjects aged 60 yrs who used mat Pilates exercises, included a comparison (control) group, and reported performance-based measures of physical function (balance, flexibility, muscle strength, and cardiorespiratory fitness) were included. The methodological quality of the studies was analyzed according to the PEDro scale and the best-evidence synthesis. The meta-analysis was conducted with the Review Manager 5.3 software.

Results
The search retrieved 518 articles, nine of which fulfilled the inclusion criteria. High methodological quality was found in five of these studies. Meta-analysis indicated a large effect of mat Pilates on dynamic balance (standardized mean difference = 1.10, 95% confidence interval = 0.29–1.90), muscle strength (standardized mean difference = 1.13, 95% confidence interval = 0.30–1.96), flexibility (standardized mean difference = 1.22, 95% confidence interval = 0.39–2.04), and cardiorespiratory fitness (standardized mean difference = 1.48, 95% confidence interval = 0.42–2.54) of elderly subjects.

Conclusions
There is evidence that mat Pilates improves dynamic balance, lower limb strength, hip and lower back flexibility, and cardiovascular endurance in elderly individuals. Furthermore, high-quality studies are necessary to clarify the effects of mat Pilates on other physical functional measurements among older adults.
The Impact of Botulinum Toxin on Brow Height and Morphology: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: El-Khoury Joseph S. , Jabbour Samer F. , Awaida Cyril J. , Rayess Youssef A. , Kechichian Elio G. , Nasr Marwan W. 
Published: December 2017

Background:
Previous reports have objectively demonstrated the efficacy of botulinum toxin for brow elevation. No clinical trial has compared the variation of the eyebrow shape and height when the lateral eyebrow depressors are injected alone or in combination with the medial eyebrow depressors.

Methods:
A prospective, randomized, controlled study was designed to evaluate and compare the effect of two different botulinum toxin injection techniques on brow shape and position. Patients were divided into two groups. AbobotulinumtoxinA was injected in the lateral eyebrow depressors alone (group 1) or in both the lateral and medial eyebrow depressors (group 2). Objective eyebrow measurements were performed using standardized preinjection and postinjection photographs. Patient satisfaction was also evaluated.

Results:
Fifteen patients (30 eyebrows) were included in each group. The brow elevated by 0.6 to 2.1 mm at all positions in group 1. In group 2, the brow elevated from the medial limbus to the lateral edge of the brow (1 to 1.7 mm), with no changes at the level of the medial brow and canthus. When comparing the two injection techniques, the authors found a statistically significant difference in the change of eyebrow height at the level of the medial brow, medial canthus, and lateral brow edge. Ninety-seven percent of patients were satisfied with their results.

Conclusion:
Different eyebrow injection techniques yield different elevation patterns.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, II.
Choanal Atresia and Craniosynostosis: Development and Disease
Authors: Lesciotto Kate M. , Heuzé Yann , Jabs Ethylin Wang , Bernstein Joseph M. , Richtsmeier Joan T. 
Published: December 2017

Summary:A number of textbooks, review articles, and case reports highlight the potential comorbidity of choanal atresia in craniosynostosis patients. However, the lack of a precise definition of choanal atresia within the current craniosynostosis literature and widely varying methods of detection and diagnosis have produced uncertainty regarding the true coincidence of these conditions. The authors review the anatomy and embryologic basis of the human choanae, provide an overview of choanal atresia, and analyze the available literature that links choanal atresia and craniosynostosis. Review of over 50 case reports that describe patients diagnosed with both conditions reveals inconsistent descriptions of choanal atresia and limited use of definitive diagnostic methodologies. The authors further present preliminary analysis of three-dimensional medical head computed tomographic scans of children diagnosed with craniosynostosis syndromes (e.g., Apert, Pfeiffer, Muenke, and Crouzon) and typically developing children and, although finding no evidence of choanal atresia, report the potentially reduced nasal airway volumes in children diagnosed with Apert and Pfeiffer syndromes. A recent study of theFgfr2c+/C342YCrouzon/Pfeiffer syndrome mouse model similarly found a significant reduction in nasal airway volumes in littermates carrying thisFGFR2mutation relative to unaffected littermates, without detection of choanal atresia. The significant correlation between specific craniosynostosis syndromes and reduced nasal airway volume in mouse models for craniosynostosis and human pediatric patients indicates comorbidity of choanal and nasopharyngeal dysmorphologies and craniosynostosis conditions. Genetic, developmental, and epidemiologic sources of these interactions are areas particularly worthy of further research.
Strategic Considerations for Effective Sagittal Resection of the Mandible to Achieve a Slim and Attractive Jawline
Authors: Park Sanghoon , Lee Tae Sung 
Published: December 2017

Background:
Sagittal resection of the mandible has been widely used to reduce the width of the lower face and is usually carried out in combination with a mandibular contouring procedure. However, the surgical outcomes of this procedure are unclear because sagittal resection is rarely performed as a single procedure. The authors clarify misunderstandings regarding this procedure and introduce an improved strategic approach for sagittal resection of the mandible.

Methods:
Under general anesthesia, mandible contouring was performed first with a curved osteotomy, followed by sagittal resection of the outer cortex of mandible. The amount and extent of each procedure was determined in accordance with preoperative analysis.

Results:
From 2012 to 2014, a consecutive series of 212 patients who underwent mandible contouring surgery without concomitant chin surgery were included in the study. A total of 189 patients underwent both mandibular contouring surgery and sagittal resection, whereas 13 underwent only sagittal resection and 10 underwent only mandibular contouring surgery. All operations were carried out successfully without any severe complications, and most patients had satisfactory aesthetic outcomes.

Conclusions:
The authors found that the sagittal resection of the mandible should be performed in accordance with the shape of the mandible to effectively reduce facial width and achieve better aesthetic outcomes for both profile and frontal views. In an outcurved-type mandible, conventional mandibular contouring may be effective alone, whereas sagittal resection focusing on removing the mandible body region is essential for incurved-type mandibles. In straight line–type mandibles, both procedures are necessary.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Evaluation of Intersegmental Displacement After Mandibular Setback Split Ramus Osteotomy Using Modified L-Shaped Monocortical Plate: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Superimposition
Authors: Hwang Dae Seok , Lee Hyeong Geun , Shin Sang Hun , Kim Uk Kyu 
Published: December 2017

Purpose:
The purpose of the current study is to compare intersegmental displacements after mandibular setback sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) using 4 types of osteosynthesis methods.

Patients and Methods:
This is a retrospective study of 53 subjects who presented underwent bilateral setback SSRO at Pusan National University Hospital from January 2009 to December 2013. The subjects were divided into 4 groups according to the osteosynthesis method applied: group A—modified L-type monocortical plate; B—conventional miniplate; group C—bicortical screws; group D—metal and absorbable screws. To obtain the intersegmental displacement, the mean of the differences of the 3-dimensional from T0 (2 days after surgery) to T1 (6 months after surgery) was calculated for the right and left condylar heads (condylion, Cd) and the right and left coronoid processes (Cps) using 3-dimensional imaging software (Ondemand 3D; Cybermed Co, Seoul, Korea).

Results:
For the condylion in the x, y, z coordinate system, in group A, there were significant differences in the y-axis for the right and left Cd; in group B, significant differences in the y-axis for the right Cd and in the y- and z-axes for the left Cd; in group C, no significant differences in the axis for the Cd; and in group D, there were significant differences in the y- and z-axes for the right Cd and in the x- and y-axes for the left Cd. For the Cps, the results are not much different from the condylion movement in all group.

Conclusion:
In the current study, group C manifested the greatest displacement for the healing period. Group A did not show the significant difference to group B. In view of these results, modified L-shaped monocortical plate can be applied for osteosynthesis effectively.