bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Utility (or Not) of Self‐Report Instruments in Family Assessment for Child and Adolescent Conversion Disorders?
Authors: Kozlowska Kasia , Cruz Catherine , Davies Fiona , Brown Kerri J. , Palmer Donna M. , McLean Loyola , Scher Stephen , Williams Leanne M. 
Published: December 2016

Children and adolescents with conversion disorders and their families are challenging to understand and challenging to treat. This study examined whether self‐report instruments are a useful adjunct to family and individual assessment. A total of 57 children and adolescents diagnosed with conversion disorders and 57 sex‐ aged‐matched controls, along with their parents, completed the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire, Child Behaviour Checklist, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales, Somatic and Psychological Health Report (SPHERE), Brief Risk‐Resilience Index for Screening, and the NEO–Five‐Factor Inventory. The conversion disorder and control groups were compared on each questionnaire, and classified participants as ‘cases’ or not according to established clinical thresholds for each questionnaire. A discriminant analysis was used to examine which components of the SDQ, CBCL, DASS, SPHERE, BRISC, and NEO‐FFI emerged as most useful in identifying the clinical characteristics of children with conversion disorders. The role of attachment strategy with regards to the utility of self‐report measures was also examined. The SPHERE was the only self‐report that our patient cohort were able to utilise to communicate their somatic and emotional discomfort and distress. Our results suggest that children and adolescents presenting with functional somatic symptoms represent a distinctive clinical population for which the ‘psychological’ focus of most currently available questionnaires is not useful for identifying the presence of somatic illness or of comorbid anxiety and depression, and that these measures – with the exception of the SPHERE – are not a useful adjunct to a family‐based assessment. Therapeutic conversations that utilise language that asks about the state of the body – the body's response to stress, illness, pain, and injury – facilitate engagement and serve as the cornerstone of treatment.
Palladium nanoparticles deposited on a graphene–benzimidazole support as an efficient and recyclable catalyst for aqueous‐phase Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction
Authors: Sarvestani Mosayeb , Azadi Roya 
Published: December 2016

Graphene oxide was functionalized with benzimidazole for palladium immobilization. The resultant graphene–benzimidazole‐supported palladium composite (G‐BI‐Pd) was characterized using infrared and Raman spectroscopies, transmission electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. G‐BI‐Pd showed excellent catalytic activity and fast reaction kinetics in the aqueous‐phase Suzuki–Miyaura reaction of aryl iodides and bromides with phenylboronic acid under relatively mild conditions (5–25 min, 80 °C). The catalyst can be used several times without any significant loss of its catalytic activity.
Bone Microstructure of Pareiasaurs (Parareptilia) from the Karoo Basin, South Africa: Implications for Growth Strategies and Lifestyle Habits
Authors: Canoville Aurore , Chinsamy Anusuya 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTNumerous morphological studies have been carried out on pareiasaurs; yet their taxonomy and biology remain incompletely understood. Earlier works have suggested that these herbivorous parareptiles had a short juvenile period as compared to the duration of adulthood. Several studies further suggested an (semi‐) aquatic lifestyle for these animals, but more recent investigations have proposed a rather terrestrial habitat. Bone paleohistology is regarded as a powerful tool to assess aspects of tetrapod paleobiology, but few studies have been conducted on pareiasaurs. The present study assesses intra and inter‐specific histovariability of pareiasaurs and provides fresh insights into their paleobiology, thereby permitting a re‐evaluation of earlier hypotheses. Our sample comprises various skeletal elements and several specimens covering most of the taxonomic and stratigraphic spectrum of South African pareiasaurs, including large and basal forms from the Middle Permian, as well as smaller and more derived forms from the Late Permian. Our results concerning size of elements and histological tissues show that for pareiasaurs, element size is not a good indicator of ontogenetic age, and furthermore, suggest that the specific diversity of the Middle Permian pareiasaurs may have been underestimated. The bone histology of these animals shows that they experienced a relatively rapid growth early in ontogeny. Periosteal growth later slowed down, but seems to have been protracted for several years during adulthood. Pareiasaur bone microanatomy is unusual for continental tetrapods, in having spongious stylopod diaphyses and thin compact cortices. Rigorous paleoecological interpretations are thus limited since no modern analogue exists for these animals. Anat Rec, 300:1039–1066, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neuroprotective and Ameliorating Impacts of Omega‐3 Against Aspartame‐induced Neuronal and Astrocytic Degeneration
Authors: Ali Eyad M.T. , Sonpol Hany M.A. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTAspartame (ASP) is one of the commonest artificial sweetener used all over the world and considered as an extremely risky compound and raises a lot of controversy. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate cellular damage of the anterior horn cells in the spinal cord of albino male rats and the possibility of hindering these changes by using omega‐3 (OM3).Thirty seven adult male albino rats were divided into three groups: Control, ASP‐treated and ASP + OM3‐treated groups. Spinal cord sections were prepared and stained with Hx&E, caspase‐3 and GFAP immunostaining. All data were morphometrically and statistically analyzed. In ASP‐treated group, the cell body of some degenerated neurons was swollen and its cytoplasm was vacuolated. Their nuclei were eccentric and pyknotic. Moreover, other neurons were of a heterogeneous pattern in the form of cell body shrinkage, loss of Nissl substance, intensely stained eosinophilic cytoplasm and a small darkly stained nucleus that may eventually fragment. However, the cells were apparently normal in ASP+ OM3‐treated group. Strong +ve caspase‐3 stained neurons were detected in ASP‐treated group. Furthermore, the immunoreaction was faint on treating the rats with both ASP and OM3. Few number of +ve GFAP‐ stained astrocytes were observed in ASP‐treated rats. On the other hand, the immunoreactivity for GFAP was found to be intense in the ASP + OM3‐treated group. Additionally, there was a significant decrease in the surface area percentage of the +ve GFAP‐stained astrocytes of the ASP‐treated group compared to the control and the ASP + OM3‐treated groups. Anat Rec, 300:1290–1298, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multidecadal convection permitting climate simulations over Belgium: sensitivity of future precipitation extremes
Authors: Saeed Sajjad , Brisson Erwan , Demuzere Matthias , Tabari Hossein , Willems Patrick , van Lipzig Nicole P. M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe performed five high resolution (2.8 km) decadal convection permitting scale (CPS) climate simulations over Belgium using the COSMO‐CLM regional climate model and examined the future changes in daily precipitation extremes compared to coarser resolution simulations. The CPS model underestimates the higher percentiles during both seasons, however, some improvements in the higher percentile values are noticed during the summer season. Analysis of three future climate simulations indicates that the CPS model modifies the future signals of daily precipitation extremes compared to their forcing non‐CPS simulations during summer. During this season, the increase (decrease) in the daily precipitation extremes is stronger in the CPS compared to the non‐CPS simulations. During winter, no significant changes between CPS and non‐CPS were found.
The Effect of Expected Value on Attraction Effect Preference Reversals
Authors: Farmer George D. , Warren Paul A. , El‐Deredy Wael , Howes Andrew 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe attraction effect shows that adding a third alternative to a choice set can alter preference between the original two options. For over 30 years, this simple demonstration of context dependence has been taken as strong evidence against a class of parsimonious value‐maximising models that evaluate alternatives independently from one another. Significantly, however, in previous demonstrations of the attraction effect alternatives are approximately equally valuable, so there was little consequence to the decision maker irrespective of which alternative was selected. Here we vary the difference in expected value between alternatives and provide the first demonstration that, although extinguished with large differences, this theoretically important effect persists when choice between alternatives has a consequence. We use this result to clarify the implications of the attraction effect, arguing that although it robustly violates the assumptions of value‐maximising models, it does not eliminate the possibility that human decision making is optimal. © 2016 The Authors Journal of Behavioral Decision Making Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
White matter integrity of the medial forebrain bundle and attention and working memory deficits following traumatic brain injury
Authors: Owens Jacqueline A. , Spitz Gershon , Ponsford Jennie L. , Dymowski Alicia R. , Ferris Nicholas , Willmott Catherine 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe medial forebrain bundle (MFB) contains ascending catecholamine fibers that project to the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Damage to these fibers following traumatic brain injury (TBI) may alter extracellular catecholamine levels in the PFC and impede attention and working memory ability. This study investigated white matter microstructure of the medial MFB, specifically the supero‐lateral branch (slMFB), following TBI, and its association with performance on attention and working memory tasks.MethodNeuropsychological measures of attention and working memory were administered to 20 moderate‐severe participants with TBI (posttraumatic amnesia M = 40.05 ± 37.10 days, median time since injury 10.48 months, range 3.72–87.49) and 20 healthy controls. Probabilistic tractography was used to obtain fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) values for 17 participants with TBI and 20 healthy controls.ResultsWhen compared to controls, participants with TBI were found to have significantly lower FA (p < .001) and higher MD (p < .001) slMFB values, and they were slower to complete tasks including Trail Making Task‐A, Hayling, selective attention task, n‐back, and Symbol Digit Modalities Test.ConclusionThis study was the first to demonstrate microstructural white matter damage within the slMFB following TBI. However, no evidence was found for an association of alterations to this tract and performance on attentional tasks.
Pattern of gray matter volumes related to retinal thickness and its association with cognitive function in relapsing–remitting MS
Authors: Stellmann Jan‐Patrick , Cetin Hanife , Young Kim Lea , Hodecker Sibylle , Pöttgen Jana , Bittersohl Diana , Hassenstein Andrea , Oberwahrenbrock Timm , Heesen Christoph , Siemonsen Susanne 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundNeurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS) may be investigated in the visual system as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows examining structural integrity in detail. The association between thickness of retinal layers and focal cortical volumes beyond the primary visual system has not been thoroughly investigated.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between focal cortical volume and thickness of retinal layers.MethodsFifty‐four patients (relapsing–remitting MS, mean age 40.5 years, mean disease duration 7.6 years, median EDSS 2) underwent OCT and MRI. The association between focal cortical volume and OCT measurements was investigated with voxel‐based morphometry (VBM). Patterns of association were determined with Yeo's functional network atlas and the Harvard‐Oxford cortical atlas. We used GEE models with cortical volumes from the FreeSurfer parcellation to confirm VBM results. Post hoc, we analyzed the association between OCT, focal cortical volumes, and an extended neuropsychological assessment in a subgroup of 14 patients.ResultsMacular retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL) and ganglion cell /inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) showed a robust association with mainly the insular cortex and the cingulate cortex. VBM findings were confirmed with FreeSurfer volumes. The post hoc analysis detected significant correlations between both OCT outcomes and cognition.ConclusionBesides the primary visual system, OCT outcomes show a correlation pattern with cortical regions that are known to be important for cognitive performance, predominantly the insula in both hemispheres. Thus, OCT should be further investigated as a marker for neurodegeneration in MS.
Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in people with epilepsy
Authors: Vivanco‐Hidalgo Rosa Maria , Gomez Alejandra , Moreira Antia , Díez Laura , Elosua Roberto , Roquer Jaume 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectivesEpilepsy has been associated with cardiovascular comorbidity. This study aimed to assess the potential association between cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs), antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), and etiology.Material and MethodsA single‐center retrospective epilepsy cohort from the decade of 2004–2013 was assessed. Poisson regression models with robust variance were estimated to obtain CRF prevalence ratios (PR) according to AED prescription and etiology.ResultsAfter excluding patients in the monotherapy group with vascular etiology or previous cardiovascular events, in the remaining 400 patients, enzyme‐inducer AEDs (EIAEDs), especially phenytoin (PHT), were associated with higher prevalence of dyslipidemia (PRa 1.77, p < .05), compared to valproic acid. No etiology was associated with higher prevalence of any CRF.ConclusionsPatients treated with EIAEDs, especially PHT, had higher prevalence of dyslipidemia.
Virus‐like particles: Next‐generation nanoparticles for targeted therapeutic delivery
Authors: Rohovie Marcus J. , Nagasawa Maya , Swartz James R. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMost drug therapies distribute the agents throughout the entire body, even though the drugs are typically only needed at specific tissues. This often limits dosage and causes discomfort and harmful side‐effects. Significant research has examined nanoparticles (NPs) for use as targeted delivery vehicles for therapeutic cargo, however, major clinical success has been limited. Current work focuses mainly on liposomal and polymer‐based NPs, but emerging research is exploring the engineering of viral capsids as noninfectious protein‐based NPs—termed virus‐like particles (VLPs). This review covers the research that has been performed thus far and outlines the potential for these VLPs to become highly effective delivery vehicles that overcome the many challenges encountered for targeted delivery of therapeutic cargo.
ICAM‐1‐targeted nanocarriers attenuate endothelial release of soluble ICAM‐1, an inflammatory regulator
Authors: Manthe Rachel L. , Muro Silvia 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTargeting of drug nanocarriers (NCs) to intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1), an endothelial‐surface protein overexpressed in many pathologies, has shown promise for therapeutic delivery into and across this lining. However, due to the role of ICAM‐1 in inflammation, the effects of targeting this receptor need investigation. Since ICAM‐1 binding by natural ligands (leukocyte integrins) results in release of the “soluble ICAM‐1” ectodomain (sICAM‐1), an inflammatory regulator, we investigated the influence of targeting ICAM‐1 with NCs on this process. For this, sICAM‐1 was measured by ELISA from cell‐medium supernatants, after incubation of endothelial cell (EC) monolayers in the absence versus presence of anti‐ICAM NCs. In the absence of NCs, ECs released sICAM‐1 when treated with a pro‐inflammatory cytokine. This was reduced by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinases MMP‐9 or MMP‐2, yet inhibiting both did not render additive effects. Release of sICAM‐1 mainly occurred at the basolateral versus apical side, and both MMP‐9 and MMP‐2 influenced apical release, while basolateral release depended on MMP‐9. Interestingly, anti‐ICAM NCs reduced sICAM‐1 to a greater extent than MMP inhibition, both at the apical and basolateral sides. This effect was enhanced with time, although NCs had been removed after binding to cells, ruling out a “trapping” effect of NCs. Instead, inhibiting anti‐ICAM NC endocytosis counteracted their inhibition on sICAM‐1 release. Hence, anti‐ICAM NCs inhibited sICAM‐1 release by mobilizing ICAM‐1 from the cell‐surface into intracellular vesicles. Since elevated levels of sICAM‐1 associate with numerous diseases, this effect represents a secondary benefit of using ICAM‐1‐targeted NCs for drug delivery.
Impact of treatment on progression to castration‐resistance, metastases, and death in men with localized high‐grade prostate cancer
Authors: Miller Eric T. , Chamie Karim , Kwan Lorna , Lewis Michael S. , Knudsen Beatrice S. , Garraway Isla P. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMen with high‐grade prostate cancer (HGPC) are at greatest risk of disease progression. Clinical risk factors associated with castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), metastases, and prostate cancer‐specific mortality (PCSM) were identified in a contemporary HGPC cohort. Clinical data was collected from men diagnosed with Gleason sum (GS) ≥8 at the Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs (GLA‐VA) Healthcare System between 2000 and 2013. Multivariable competing risks regression analyses assessed progression to CRPC, metastases, and PCSM within three treatment strata. The cumulative incidence of disease progression was calculated at 2, 5, and 10‐year time points. Review of 2149 prostate cancer cases yielded 322 with HGPC. Median survival times for cancer‐specific and overall mortality were significantly shorter in men treated with primary androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) (P = 0.0002 and P < 0.0001). Multivariable analyses revealed that clinical stage N1, GS 10, and treatment with primary ADT were significantly associated with increased risk of CRPC, metastases, and PCSM. Significant differences in these outcomes were not observed in men treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) when compared to those treated with radiation therapy combined with short‐term ADT (XRT‐ADT). Ten‐year event rates of progression to CRPC, metastases, and PCSM, for men treated with primary ADT, were 45.5%, 25.4%, and 25.1%, respectively. In conclusion, GS 10 and lymph node involvement, as well as primary ADT treatment in men with HGPC was associated with increased risk of CRPC, metastases, and PCSM. Curative‐intent treatment with RP or XRT‐ADT is associated with reduced progression rates and death in men with HGPC.
Conformational Analysis of a High‐Mannose‐Type Oligosaccharide Displaying Glucosyl Determinant Recognised by Molecular Chaperones Using NMR‐Validated Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Suzuki Tatsuya , Kajino Megumi , Yanaka Saeko , Zhu Tong , Yagi Hirokazu , Satoh Tadashi , Yamaguchi Takumi , Kato Koichi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractExploration of the conformational spaces of flexible oligosaccharides is essential to gain deeper insights into their functional mechanisms. Here we characterised dynamic conformation of a high‐mannose‐type dodecasaccharide with a terminal glucose residue, a critical determinant recognised by molecular chaperones. The dodecasaccharide was prepared by our developed chemoenzymatic technique, which uses 13C labelling and lanthanide tagging to detect conformation‐dependent paramagnetic effects by NMR spectroscopy. The NMR‐validated molecular dynamics simulation produced the dynamic conformational ensemble of the dodecasaccharide. This determined its spatial distribution as well as the glycosidic linkage conformation of the terminal glucose determinant. Moreover, comparison of our results with previously reported crystallographic data indicates that the chaperone binding to its target oligosaccharides involves an induced‐fit mechanism.
Remote monitoring of the cardiac rhythm: where do we stand today?
Authors: Deftereos S. , Papoutsidakis N. , Giannopoulos G. , Kossyvakis C. , Lekakis J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractRemote monitoring systems, in their current forms, are networked communication solutions allowing exchange of digitized data from implanted or wearable devices. These data usually include electrocardiographic recordings, but nowadays they may encompass much more than that, allowing a continuously updated knowledge of a multitude of device‐ or patient‐related parameters. Remote monitoring has been shown, as one would have expected, to reduce the need for office visits and allow earlier detection—and thus management—of arrhythmic events. However, although there are hints that they may also be associated with improved clinical outcomes, the absence of randomized trials dictates a cautious interpretation of existing evidence. Furthermore, there are still several questions regarding their cost‐effectiveness, the patient populations that could benefit from them, as well as how the transmitted data should be interpreted and acted upon by physicians. In this review, we present and critically examine the current state of affairs of remote cardiac rhythm monitoring systems.Answer questions and earn CME: https://wileyhealthlearning.com/Activity2/4596216/Activity.aspx
Multiple liver abscesses and bacteremia caused by Streptococcus constellatus infection: a case report
Authors: Akuzawa Nobuhiro , Hatori Takashi , Kitahara Yonosuke , Kurabayashi Masahiko 
Published: December 2016

Key Clinical MessageThe Streptococcus milleri group (SMG) comprises commensal mucosal bacteria. Pyogenic liver abscesses due to hematogenous SMG infection are rare but can be observed even in healthy patients. In such cases, physicians should consider the existence of primary lesions that allow penetration of the SMG.
Reversible Selectivity Modulation of Gasoline and Diesel by a Facile Metal‐Salt‐Modified Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis Strategy
Authors: Wang Hao , Xu Ke , Cheng Yi , Pei Yan , Yan Shirun , Qiao Minghua , Li Zhen Hua , Zong Baoning 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe front cover artwork for Issue 24/2016 is provided by the Qiao group, Fudan University (P.R. China). The image shows flexible product control of gasoline and diesel in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis via a facile metal salt‐modified strategy. See the Communication itself at https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201600899.
Beryllium und Kupfer‐Beryllium‐Legierungen
Authors: Nagel Nikolaus 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDas Leichtmetall Beryllium ist ein verhältnismäßig seltenes Element, das heute in erster Linie aus Bertrandit gewonnen wird. Es wird hauptsächlich als reines Metall oder in Form von Kupfer‐Beryllium‐Legierungen z. B. in Automobilindustrie, Luft‐ und Raumfahrt sowie elektrischen Bauteilen verwendet. Der breite Anwendungsbereich ergibt sich in erster Linie aufgrund des extrem hohen Festigkeit/Dichte‐Verhältnisses. Ein Überblick zur Geschichte des Metalls und dessen Gewinnung sowie zu den Eigenschaften von CuBe‐Legierungen und deren Recycling wird gegeben.