bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The value of flexibility in conservation financing
Authors: Lennox Gareth D. , Fargione Joseph , Spector Sacha , Williams Gwyn , Armsworth Paul R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLand‐acquisition strategies employed by conservation organizations vary in their flexibility. Conservation‐planning theory largely fails to reflect this by presenting models that are either extremely inflexible—parcel acquisitions are irreversible and budgets are fixed—or extremely flexible—previously acquired parcels can readily be sold. This latter approach, the selling of protected areas, is infeasible or problematic in many situations. We considered the value to conservation organizations of increasing the flexibility of their land‐acquisition strategies through their approach to financing deals. Specifically, we modeled 2 acquisition‐financing methods commonly used by conservation organizations: borrowing and budget carry‐over. Using simulated data, we compared results from these models with those from an inflexible fixed‐budget model and an extremely flexible selling model in which previous acquisitions could be sold to fund new acquisitions. We then examined 3 case studies of how conservation organizations use borrowing and budget carry‐over in practice. Model comparisons showed that borrowing and budget carry‐over always returned considerably higher rewards than the fixed‐budget model. How they performed relative to the selling model depended on the relative conservation value of past acquisitions. Both the models and case studies showed that incorporating flexibility through borrowing or budget carry‐over gives conservation organizations the ability to purchase parcels of higher conservation value than when budgets are fixed without the problems associated with the selling of protected areas.
A pilot randomized clinical trial assessing the effect of cricoid pressure on risk of aspiration
Authors: Bohman J. Kyle , Kashyap Rahul , Lee Augustine , He Zhaoping , Soundar Sam , Bolling Laura L. , Kor Daryl J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIntroductionPatients at risk for microaspiration during elective intubation often receive cricoid pressure in the hopes of mitigating such risk. However, there is scarce evidence to either support or reject this practice. The objective of this investigation was to assess the effect of cricoid pressure on microaspiration and to inform the potential feasibility of conducting a larger, more definitive clinical trial.MethodsThis was a pilot randomized clinical trial set in the operating rooms of a tertiary referral hospital between August and October of 2014. Patients with risk factors for microaspiration (obesity, gastroesophageal reflux disease, or diabetes) were enrolled. The patients were randomized to either cricoid pressure or no cricoid pressure during induction of anesthesia with endotracheal intubation. Immediately after intubation, a sample of lower airway secretions was collected and analyzed for pepsin A.Main ResultsA total of 95 patients were evaluated, randomized and completed the study protocol. 46 were randomized to cricoid pressure and 49 to no cricoid pressure. Seven patients crossed‐over treatment arms. A total of 18 (19.6%) patients met the pre‐defined criteria for microaspiration. In both the intention‐to‐treat and per‐protocol analyses, there were no statistically significant differences in the rate of microaspiration [OR (95% CI)] = 1.39 (0.49–3.92) and 1.30 (0.44–3.86), respectively.ConclusionsUtilizing pepsin A as a biomarker of aspiration, this pilot clinical trial did not find evidence for a reduced rate of aspiration or adverse clinical events with the administration of cricoid pressure during elective endotracheal intubation of patients with risk factors for microaspiration.
No regulatory role for adult predation in cyclic population dynamics of the autumnal moth, Epirrita autumnata
Authors: KLEMOLA TERO , ANDERSSON TOMMI , RUOHOMÄKI KAI 
Published: June 2016

1. Multiannual population cycles of geometrid moths are thought to be driven by trophic‐level interactions involving a delayed density‐dependent component. Predation on adult moths has been a little‐studied mechanism of this phenomenon.2. Using 29 daytime and 61 night‐time predation trials in the field, we exposed living autumnal moth (Epirrita autumnata Borkhausen, Lepidoptera: Geometridae) females to their natural predators during each autumn throughout the 10‐year population cycle.3. In our northern study location (70°N), insectivorous passerines had already migrated, and harvestman Mitopus morio Fabricius (Opiliones: Phalangiidae) was found to be the main predator of the adult moths. The predation mortality occurred mainly at night and was positively correlated with the minimum temperature measured during the predation trial.4. Despite high annual variability in the degree of adult predation, both direct and delayed density‐dependent effects were weak and indicate that predation on adult moths in the autumn does not have any regulatory role in cyclic population dynamics of the autumnal moth in northern Fennoscandia.
Effect of thermoperiod amplitude on the adult eclosion rhythm of Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Kikukawa Shigeru , Nakamura Hiroki , Saitoh Ayumu , Terayama Kosuke 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe thermoperiodic time cue is known to be one of several zeitgebers (Zt) that entrain an organism's biological rhythms. This study investigated the adult eclosion rhythm of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella, (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) under various thermocycles in constant darkness. The insects were exposed to different thermoperiods (e.g. 25.5°C/24.5°C). Thermophase : cryophase ratios (TC) ranged from 4 h : 20 h to 20 h : 4 h. The peak in adult eclosion rhythm occurred at Zt 18.8 ± 4.4 (mean ± SD) on a given day and at Zt 0.7 ± 3.8 on the subsequent day under TC 4 h : 20 h and TC 20 h : 4 h conditions, respectively (start of temperature increase = Zt 0). Thus, longer thermophase periods delayed the peak in eclosion. The regression line obtained was then compared with that obtained under the temperature cycle of 30°C/20°C, and the two lines were found to lie parallel to each other. The peak in adult eclosion rhythm occurred earlier under the 25.5°C/24.5°C conditions than under the 30°C/20°C conditions. The results strongly suggest that the amplitude of the temperature cycle is an important factor determining the temporal position of the peak in adult eclosion. This is a significant finding among insect species.
Spontaneous hoof capsule loss following lacerations of the equine distal limb
Authors: Ruzickova P. , Trencart P. , Laverty S. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryIn this article, 3 cases of an infrequent complication of lower limb trauma that presented as a cellulitis and deteriorating comfort a few days after lower limb laceration are described. All 3 horses sloughed the hoof capsule 10 days after initial trauma to that particular limb. Development of subsequent cellulitis/lymphangitis contributed to deterioration of distal limb perfusion. The exact pathophysiological mechanisms remain unknown but clinicians should be aware of this unusual but major complication following limb trauma.
Can phenological models predict tree phenology accurately in the future? The unrevealed hurdle of endodormancy break
Authors: Chuine Isabelle , Bonhomme Marc , Legave Jean‐Michel , García de Cortázar‐Atauri Iñaki , Charrier Guillaume , Lacointe André , Améglio Thierry 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe onset of the growing season of trees has been earlier by 2.3 days per decade during the last 40 years in temperate Europe because of global warming. The effect of temperature on plant phenology is, however, not linear because temperature has a dual effect on bud development. On one hand, low temperatures are necessary to break bud endodormancy, and, on the other hand, higher temperatures are necessary to promote bud cell growth afterward. Different process‐based models have been developed in the last decades to predict the date of budbreak of woody species. They predict that global warming should delay or compromise endodormancy break at the species equatorward range limits leading to a delay or even impossibility to flower or set new leaves. These models are classically parameterized with flowering or budbreak dates only, with no information on the endodormancy break date because this information is very scarce. Here, we evaluated the efficiency of a set of phenological models to accurately predict the endodormancy break dates of three fruit trees. Our results show that models calibrated solely with budbreak dates usually do not accurately predict the endodormancy break date. Providing endodormancy break date for the model parameterization results in much more accurate prediction of this latter, with, however, a higher error than that on budbreak dates. Most importantly, we show that models not calibrated with endodormancy break dates can generate large discrepancies in forecasted budbreak dates when using climate scenarios as compared to models calibrated with endodormancy break dates. This discrepancy increases with mean annual temperature and is therefore the strongest after 2050 in the southernmost regions. Our results claim for the urgent need of massive measurements of endodormancy break dates in forest and fruit trees to yield more robust projections of phenological changes in a near future.
Neuropathic pain in patients with chronic leg ulcers
Authors: Eusen M. , Brenaut E. , Schoenlaub P. , Saliou P. , Misery L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundLeg ulcers are a frequent and often painful disorder. This pain is not always correctly evaluated and relieved.ObjectivesThe aim of this prospective study is to assess the contribution of neuropathic pain in leg ulcers.MethodsA visual analog scale and the DN4 questionnaire were fulfilled by 81 patients with leg ulcers.ResultsOf the patients with leg ulcers, 58% (n = 47) had a positive DN4 score. No predictive factor leading to neuropathic pain was found. The aetiology of the ulcers did not influence the DN4 score.ConclusionsThis high prevalence of neuropathic pain in leg ulcers might be explained by an impairment of peripheral nerves due to ischaemia. This study also highlights the difficulty to relieve pain in chronic wounds; 16 patients had an analogous visual scale above 7. These results should encourage practitioners to regularly screen for neuropathic pain and to initiate appropriate treatment if necessary.
Tofacitinib versus etanercept or placebo in patients with moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis: patient‐reported outcomes from a Phase 3 study
Authors: Valenzuela F. , Paul C. , Mallbris L. , Tan H. , Papacharalambous J. , Valdez H. , Mamolo C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundTofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor that is being investigated for psoriasis. Psoriasis impacts on physical and psychological well‐being; improvements in health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) with etanercept in psoriasis are well documented.ObjectiveTo evaluate HRQoL with tofacitinib, vs. placebo or etanercept, in the Phase 3, randomized, placebo‐controlled, non‐inferiority, Oral‐treatment Psoriasis Trial (OPT) Compare Study (NCT01241591).MethodsAdults with moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis were randomized 3:3:3:1 to tofacitinib 10 or 5 mg twice daily (BID), etanercept 50 mg twice weekly or placebo, for 12 weeks. Patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) included Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Itch Severity Item and Patient Global Assessment of psoriasis.ResultsAt baseline, 83.4% (911/1092) of patients had a DLQI score ranging between 6 and 30, indicating a substantial burden of disease. By Week 12, 47.3%, 43.6% and 30.9% of patients in the tofacitinib 10 mg BID, etanercept and tofacitinib 5 mg BID groups, respectively, had a DLQI score of 0 or 1 (no effect of psoriasis on QoL) vs. 7.8% for placebo (all P < 0.0001). Tofacitinib significantly reduced itch vs. placebo (P < 0.05 both doses) and etanercept (P < 0.0001 both doses) within 1 day of starting treatment. Furthermore, reductions in itch were greater with tofacitinib 10 mg BID, vs. etanercept, at Weeks 2–12 (all time points P < 0.05). At Week 2, an Itch Severity Item score of ‘little or no itch’ was more frequent with tofacitinib 10 mg (68.6%) vs. etanercept (57.4%) and placebo (12.2%), and the PtGA response rate was significantly greater with tofacitinib 10 mg vs. placebo (P < 0.05).ConclusionOral tofacitinib provided significant improvements across multiple PROs by Week 12. Improvements with tofacitinib 10 mg BID were comparable to etanercept, and improvements in itch were greater and more rapid with tofacitinib 10 mg BID.
Recovery from hybrid breakdown in a marine invertebrate is faster, stronger and more repeatable under environmental stress
Authors: Hwang A. S. , Pritchard V. L. , Edmands S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractUnderstanding how environmental stress alters the consequences of hybridization is important, because the rate of hybridization and the likelihood of hybrid speciation both appear elevated in harsh, disturbed or marginal habitats. We assessed fitness, morphometrics and molecular genetic composition over 14 generations of hybridization between two highly divergent populations of the marine copepod Tigriopus californicus. Replicated, experimental hybrid populations in both control and high‐salinity conditions showed a decline in fitness, followed by a recovery. Recovery was faster in the salinity stress treatment, returning to parental levels up to two generations earlier than in the control. This recovery was stable in the high‐salinity treatment, whereas in the control treatment, fitness dropped back below parental levels at the final time point. Recovery in the high‐salinity treatment was also stronger in terms of competitive fitness and heat‐shock tolerance. Finally, consequences of hybridization were more repeatable under salinity stress, where among‐replicate variance for survivorship and molecular genetic composition was lower than in the control treatment. In a system with low effective population sizes (estimates ranged from 17 to 63), where genetic drift might be expected to be the predominate force, strong selection under harsh environmental conditions apparently promoted faster, stronger and more repeatable recovery from depressed hybrid fitness.
Survival after pathogen exposure in group‐living insects: don't forget the stress of social isolation!
Authors: Kohlmeier P. , Holländer K. , Meunier J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA major cost of group‐living is its inherent risk of pathogen infection. To limit this risk, many group‐living animals have developed the capability to prophylactically boost their immune system in the presence of group members and/or to mount collective defences against pathogens. These two phenomena, called density‐dependent prophylaxis and social immunity, respectively, are often used to explain why, in group‐living species, individuals survive better in groups than in isolation. However, this survival difference may also reflect an alternative and often overlooked process: a cost of social isolation on individuals’ capability to fight against infections. Here, we disentangled the effects of density‐dependent prophylaxis, social immunity and stress of social isolation on the survival after pathogen exposure in group‐living adults of the European earwigForficula auricularia. By manipulating the presence of group members both before and after pathogen exposure, we demonstrated that the cost of being isolated after infection, but not the benefits of social immunity or density‐dependent prophylaxis, explained the survival of females. Specifically, females kept constantly in groups or constantly isolated had higher survival rates than females that were first in groups and then isolated after infection. Our results also showed that this cost of social isolation was absent in males and that social isolation did not reduce the survival of noninfected individuals. Overall, this study gives a new perspective on the role of pathogens in social evolution, as it suggests that an apparently nonadaptive, personal immune process may promote the maintenance of group‐living under pathogenic environments.
Modified PEEK Resin Bonded Fixed Dental Prosthesis for a Young Cleft Lip and Palate Patient
Authors: Andrikopoulou Efstathia , Zoidis Panagiotis , Artopoulou Ioli‐Ioanna , Doukoudakis Asterios 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveThis clinical report presents the use of a modified poly ether–ether ketone material as an alternative material for the fabrication of resin‐bonded fixed dental prosthesis (RBFDP) framework. This new material can be used for patients allergic to metals, maintaining the same high esthetic demand of ceramics, presenting light weightness and a flexibility similar to bone as a distinct advantage over ceramic materials.ConclusionsThe use of a BioHPP RBFDP framework could be considered as an alternative restoration for the replacement of missing lateral incisors in young patients with cleft palate defects.Clinical SignificanceThis modified PEEK material known as BioHPP, is a biocompatible, non allergic, rigid material with good mechanical properties, wear resistance, chemical stability, high polishing and low absorption properties. BioHPP frameworks can be manufactured either via CAD/CAM or via the conventional lost wax technique. The low modulus of elasticity, combined with the use of indirect composite resin as a veneering material, provide a distinct advantage over ceramics or metal ceramics on dampening the occlusal forces, reducing the risk of debonding. (J Esthet Restor Dent 28:201–207, 2016)
Lipid Oxidation Kinetics of Pistachio Powder During Different Storage Conditions
Authors: Tavakolipour Hamid , Mokhtarian Mohsen , Kalbasi‐Ashtari Ahmad 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe effects of storage temperatures (15, 25, 35, and 40°C) and relative humidity (11, 33, 73 and 87%) on peroxide value, lipid oxidation and shelf life of stored pistachio powder studied in this project. Results showed that the changes in lipid oxidation follow zero‐order reaction kinetic. Additionally, the highest inhibition (or activation) energy (Ea) for oxidation of fatty acid molecules and forming hydro‐peroxides reached to ∼50 kJ/mol at relative humidity of 33%, which corresponds to monolayer moisture content of pistachio powder. Thermodynamic analysis of these reactions indicated that these reactions are endothermic (ΔH++ > 0) and nonspontaneous (ΔG++ > 0) processes.Practical ApplicationsPistachio nut (Pistachia vera L.) is one of the most popular nuts in the world with its high nutritional value and unique flavor as a snack and a food ingredient (as powder or kernel). It is also used as a main part of many traditional Persian foods such as Gaz, Baghlava and Ghotab. Fat oxidation is one of the main factors for quality loss in pistachio, i.e., changes in nutritional and organoleptic properties of this product during storage period. The main object of this research is the kinetic effects of different storage temperature and RH on auto‐oxidation of pistachio powder's lipid during storage period. Generally, the results are applicable by pistachio powder's workstations and their producing factories during processing and storage for controlling the shelf life.
Development and Application of a One‐Tube Multiplex Real‐Time PCR with Melting Curve Analysis for Simultaneous Detection of Five Foodborne Pathogens in Food Samples
Authors: He Peiyan , Zhu Guoying , Luo Jianyong , Wang Henghui , Yan Yong , Chen Lixia , Gao Wenjie , Chen Zhongwen 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis study was aimed at developing a one‐tube multiplex real‐time PCR system for simultaneous detection of five major foodborne pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Shigella spp.) in food samples. The newly developed multiplex real‐time PCR was performed using fluorescent dye EvaGreen and melting curve analysis for pathogen discrimination. The specificity of the PCR method was evaluated by testing with DNA extracted from different strains. The detection limits of genomic DNA per reaction for the five pathogens ranged from 0.39 pg (Shigella spp.) to 40 pg (Listeria monocytogenes). Sensitivity and specificity of this multiplex real‐time PCR were further confirmed using artificially and naturally contaminated samples. The newly developed multiplex real‐time PCR was useful for rapid, specific and cost‐effective detection of the five target pathogens in contaminated food samples.Practical ApplicationsThe newly developed multiplex real‐time PCR assay could detect five major foodborne pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Shigella spp.) in food samples in a single reaction tube. This method is simple, cost‐effective, specific, sensitive and is capable of high‐throughput detection for five foodborne pathogens simultaneously. Therefore, it has a potential application as a useful tool in food testing laboratories for quick identification of foodborne pathogens.
Reproductive coercion, sexual risk behaviours and mental health symptoms among young low‐income behaviourally bisexual women: implications for nursing practice
Authors: Alexander Kamila A , Volpe Ellen M , Abboud Sarah , Campbell Jacquelyn C 
Published: June 2016

Aims and objectivesTo describe prevalence of reproductive coercion, sexual risk behaviours and mental health symptoms among women reporting lifetime sexual experiences with men and women compared to peers reporting sex exclusively with men.BackgroundReproductive coercion, a global public health problem, is understudied among sexual minority women. Violence against women remains high among women who have sex with women and men. Rates of sexual and physical violence among this population are higher than women reporting exclusive sexual partnerships with either men or women. Nurses and other healthcare providers often do not conduct comprehensive sexual histories; assumptions related to a sex partner's gender may provide indications of broader health implications.DesignCross‐sectional survey of low‐income Black women ages 18–25 recruited from six community‐based sites for a parent study focused on intimate partner violence and health.MethodsWe analysed survey data from participants who reported lifetime sexual experiences with men and women (N = 42) and compared their outcomes to those of women reporting sexual experiences with men only (N = 107).ResultsA greater proportion of women who have sex with women and men reported experiencing reproductive coercion. Women who have sex with women and men also reported a greater number of lifetime intimate partner physical and sexual violence experiences, traded sex for resources, and had post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms.ConclusionsFindings provide vital information that can inform nursing clinical practice, specifically related to history‐taking, screening protocols and counselling strategies for intimate partner violence and mental health among women who have sex with women and men.Relevance to clinical practiceStrategies for addressing reproductive coercion and intimate partner violence as well as the health consequences among women who have sex with women and men in clinical and community‐based settings should include a longitudinal understanding of sexual behaviour and gender of sex partners.