bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kariesprophylaxe in der kieferorthopädischen Praxis: Entwicklung einer medizinischen Leitlinie
Authors: Oosterkamp Barbara , van der Sanden Wil , Frencken Jo , Kuijpers-Jagtman Anne 
Published: July 2017

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung Initialkaries oder White-Spot-Läsionen (WSL) sind eine Begleiterscheinung kieferorthopädischer Behandlungen. Sie führen zu ästhetischen Problemen und beinhalten das Risiko für tiefergehende Schmelz- und Dentinläsionen. Zur Prophylaxe der WSL sind viele Strategien entwickelt worden, die angewandten Präventionsmaßnahmen sind im Detail jedoch sehr unterschiedlich. In der vorliegenden Studie werden Maßnahmen zusammengestellt, mit deren Hilfe eine medizinische Leitlinie entwickelt werden kann. Diese ermöglicht es dem Kieferorthopäden, Prophylaxemaßnahmen auf Grundlage der besten verfügbaren Evidenz auszuwählen.
Material und Methoden Zur Anwendung kam ein nominales Gruppenverfahren (RAND-e-modifiziertes Delphi-Verfahren). Eine multidisziplinär zusammengesetzte Expertenkommission beurteilte insgesamt 264 praxis- und evidenzbasierte Maßnahmen zur Prophylaxe der WSL. Um sicherzustellen, dass die Kommissionsmitglieder auf demselben Wissensstand waren, sollten die Mitglieder als Vorbereitung auf die 3 Konsensrunden insgesamt 6 Publikationen durcharbeiten, die über eine systematische Literaturauswertung zusammengestellt worden waren. Gemäß dem Verfahren wurde eine Übereinstimmung von mehr als 75% innerhalb jedes einzelnen der 3 Punkte umfassenden Abschnitte der 9-Punkte-Skala als Konsens angesehen.
Ergebnisse Nach der ersten und der zweiten Konsensrunde war Konsens bei 37,5 bzw. bei 31,1% der Maßnahmen erreicht worden. Bei den verbliebenen 31,4% der Maßnahmen wurde Konsens während einer 4 Stunden dauernden Konferenz erzielt.
Schlussfolgerungen Aus einer systematischen Literaturauswertung gewonnene Maßnahmen zur Prophylaxe der WSL wurden mit der Einschätzung von Experten kombiniert und mithilfe eines nominalen Gruppenverfahrens formal zu einem Konsens zusammengefasst. Diese Maßnahmen bildeten die Grundlage für die Formulierung einer Leitlinie zur Prophylaxe der WSL vor und während einer kieferorthopädischen Behandlung.
Switch – The German process for moving medicines from prescription to non-prescription status
Authors: Kroth Elmar 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Background Germany has a long tradition of switch and has long been considered one of the most liberal countries in terms of the
release of modern active substances from prescription, the so-called switch. In the period 2000–2016, a total of more than 30 active
ingredients – partly in different dosage strengths, dosage forms or indications – were released from prescription status in Germany. Of
these, almost half can be described as “innovative” switches. Recently a significant decline of filed switch proposals can be noted, with
only a few being successful.
Methods Reflecting that the German switch procedure is barely mentioned in the literature it is the aim of this article to describe
the German approach. The legal framework in the national and European Legislation are assessed as well as the experience of the author and
his predecessor over more than 35 years of membership in the German Switch Committee were described.
Results Although the German switch procedure is based on European legislation a successful switch application demands insights in the
national particularities. The process is complex and partly intransparent. After a phase of restraint there are positive developments
recently particularly the possibility for a scientific advice in pre-submission meetings.
Effects of Al addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–4Y alloys
Authors: Yin Han , Liu Zili , Liu Xiqin , Fan Ruyou , Liu Yang , Li Jian 
Published: July 2017

The effects of Al additions (≤4 wt-%) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–4Y alloys were investigated. The microstructure of the as-cast Mg–4Y–1Al alloy consisted of an α-Mg matrix, together with Mg24Y5 and Al2Y phases. Al2Y formed preferentially when Al was added, replacing the Mg24Y5 phase by consuming Y solute. The eutectic reaction occurred, forming α-Mg and Mg24Y5 phases for Al contents below 2 wt-%; however, the pseudo-binary eutectic reaction occurred, forming α-Mg and Al2Y phases, for Al contents higher than 2 wt-%. The addition of Al improved mechanical properties. The Mg–4Y–4Al alloy exhibited the optimal ultimate tensile strength and yield strength, with values of 208 and 81 MPa, respectively. This paper is part of a thematic issue on Light Alloys.
PLACNETw: a web-based tool for plasmid reconstruction from bacterial genomes
Authors: Vielva Luis , de Toro María , Lanza Val F , de la Cruz Fernando 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Summary
PLACNET is a graph-based tool for reconstruction of plasmids from next generation sequence pair-end datasets. PLACNET graphs contain two types of nodes (assembled contigs and reference genomes) and two types of edges (scaffold links and homology to references). Manual pruning of the graphs is a necessary requirement in PLACNET, but this is difficult for users without solid bioinformatic background. PLACNETw, a webtool based on PLACNET, provides an interactive graphic interface, automates BLAST searches, and extracts the relevant information for decision making. It allows a user with domain expertise to visualize the scaffold graphs and related information of contigs as well as reference sequences, so that the pruning operations can be done interactively from a personal computer without the need for additional tools. After successful pruning, each plasmid becomes a separate connected component subgraph. The resulting data are automatically downloaded by the user.

Availability and implementation
PLACNETw is freely available at https://castillo.dicom.unican.es/upload/.

Supplementary information
A tutorial video and several solved examples are available at https://castillo.dicom.unican.es/placnetw_video/ and https://castillo.dicom.unican.es/examples/.
Pelagic habitat: exploring the concept of good environmental status
Authors: Dickey-Collas Mark , McQuatters-Gollop Abigail , Bresnan Eileen , Kraberg Alexandra C , Manderson John P , Nash Richard D M , Otto Saskia A , Sell Anne F , Tweddle Jacqueline F , Trenkel Verena M 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Marine environmental legislation is increasingly expressing a need to consider the quality of pelagic habitats. This paper uses the European Union marine strategy framework to explore the concept of good environmental status (GES) of pelagic habitat with the aim to build a wider understanding of the issue. Pelagic ecosystems have static, persistent and ephemeral features, with manageable human activities primarily impacting the persistent features. The paper explores defining the meaning of “good”, setting boundaries to assess pelagic habitat and the challenges of considering habitat biodiversity in a moving medium. It concludes that for pelagic habitats to be in GES and able to provide goods and services to humans, three conditions should be met: (i) all species present under current environmental conditions should be able to find the pelagic habitats essential to close their life cycles; (ii) biogeochemical regulation is maintained at normal levels; (iii) critical physical dynamics and movements of biota and water masses at multiple scales are not obstructed. Reference points for acceptable levels of each condition and how these may change over time in line with prevailing oceanographic conditions, should be discussed by knowledge brokers, managers and stakeholders. Managers should think about a habitat hydrography rather than a habitat geography. Setting the bounds of the habitats requires a consideration of dimension, scale and gradients. It is likely that to deal with the challenges caused by a dynamic environment and the relevance of differing spatial and temporal scales, we will need to integrate multidisciplinary empirical data sets with spatial and temporal models to assess and monitor progress towards, or displacement from GES of the pelagic habitat.
The Superior Thalamic Vein and its Variations: A Proposed Classification
Authors: Dorfer Christian , Khalaveh Farjad , Mallouhi Ammar , Millesi Matthias , Czech Thomas 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The superior thalamic vein (STV) was first described comprehensively by Ferner in 1958 as the most prominent thalamic vein; it originates from the central superior portion of the thalamus, coursing medially to the third ventricular thalamic surface, where it turns posteriorly to parallel the internal cerebral vein (ICV) before ending into its posterior portion. Since historical anatomic and angiographic studies in the pre-computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imaging era, the STV has not been investigated.

OBJECTIVE
To describe the anatomic course of the STV with its variations, and to propose a classification system based on its draining pattern.

METHODS
We retrospectively screened our imaging database for 50 patients who had a CT-angiography with predefined parameters. The images were independently reviewed by 3 neurosurgeons and 1 neuroradiologist to classify the STV into 4 types: type 1A—drainage into the anterior portion of the ICV, type 1B—drainage into the posterior portion of the ICV, type 2—drainage into the vein of Rosenthal, type 3—drainage into a medial (3A) or lateral (3B) atrial vein, and type 4—drainage into the vein of Galen.

RESULTS
In 50 patients, we could identify 96 STVs. In 2 hemispheres, the STV was doubled. The 92 single STVs were classified as type 1A in 25 hemispheres (27.2%), type 1B in 45 (48.9%), type 2 in 12 (13.0%), type 3A in 8 (8.7%), type 3B in 1 (1.1%), and type 4 in 1 (1.1%).

CONCLUSION
The draining pattern of the STV varies widely from the initial description.
Risk of anaphylaxis in complementary and alternative medicine
Authors: Gunawardana Natasha C. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose of review
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use is widespread across the world. Patients with asthma and allergy regularly use CAM therapies. Allergic and anaphylactic reactions to CAM have been reported.

Recent findings
Recent attempts to regulate and monitor adverse reaction to these therapies have given us further insight into potential causes of severe allergic reactions. Several culprits identified including Andrographis paniculata, Echinacea species, bee products, Ginkgo biloba and Ginseng are discussed here.

Summary
Knowing the factors that increase the risk of anaphylaxis allows reactions to be recognized, reported and further investigated. Research to identify key causative allergens is necessary in the future. Collaboration between the allergy community and CAM practitioners can allow better understanding of allergy to these therapies.
Effect of Psychosocial and Vocational Interventions on Return-to-Work Rates Post–Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: O'Brien Lisa , Wallace Sonal , Romero Lorena 
Published: July 2017

Purpose:
To examine whether the effects of psychosocial and vocational interventions delivered in the first 3 mo post–acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are effective for improving work outcomes compared with other interventions.

Methods:
A search was completed for English language publications up to March 2016 across 4 electronic databases and gray literature. Inclusion criteria were (1) psychosocial and/or vocational interventions; (2) adults 18 years or older with an AMI who were within the first 3 mo post-AMI; (3) randomized or clinically controlled trials; and (4) reporting of at least 1 return-to-work (RTW) outcome: including return to paid/unpaid employment, either full-time or part-time, to the previous job role or on modified duties. Studies were independently screened by 2 reviewers and graded using the Cochrane Collaboration tool for assessing risk of bias. A narrative synthesis and meta-analysis of the included studies was undertaken.

Results:
Eighteen studies of varying quality were analyzed. Individually delivered psychosocial and vocational interventions may improve work rates at 3 mo (relative risk = 1.17; P = .05) when compared with usual care but there was no difference at 6 or 12 mo. People receiving group or individual psychological/vocational counselling returned to work 6.11 d sooner than those who received usual care (95% CI, −6.95 to −5.26; P < .001).

Conclusions:
Although psychosocial and vocational interventions show promise in people within 3 mo of AMI, compelling evidence is still limited. There is a need for more detailed, high-quality studies with valid comparison groups and adequate follow-up.
Simple Preoperative Ink Test as a Novel Adjunct to Intrastromal Keratopigmentation for Post-laser Peripheral Iridotomy Dysphotopsias
Authors: Ong Tone Stephan , Li Daniel Q. , Ashkenazy Zach , Borovik Armand , Slomovic Allan R. , Rootman David S. , Chan Clara C. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose:
To describe a simple preoperative ink test as a novel adjunct to intrastromal keratopigmentation for post-laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) dysphotopsias.

Methods:
A surgical marking pen is applied to the area over a peripheral iridotomy before intrastromal keratopigmentation. The patient can then assess whether there is any improvement in their symptoms of dysphotopsias. Manual intrastromal keratopigmentation can then be performed using a crescent blade into the clear cornea at 50% depth and tunneled centrally to create a pocket ensuring that the peripheral iridotomy is fully occluded. The crescent blade is coated with an alcohol-based commercially available black tattoo pigment, and the pocket is filled.

Results:
We have used the preoperative ink marker test on 5 eyes in patients with post-LPI (4 temporal and 1 superior) dysphotopsias before performing intrastromal keratopigmentation, with good patient satisfaction. Patients report immediate symptomatic relief after the procedure. This ink marking technique can also be extended to help identify which iris defect is symptomatic in patients with multiple iris defects.

Conclusions:
The preoperative ink test before intrastromal keratopigmentation is a novel adjunct to the treatment of post-LPI dysphotopsias.
Peripheral Endothelial Cell Count Is a Predictor of Disease Severity in Advanced Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy
Authors: Syed Zeba A. , Tran Jennifer A. , Jurkunas Ula V. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose:
In advanced Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD), central endothelial changes do not correlate with disease severity. The peripheral endothelial cell count (ECC) has not been studied as a marker of FECD severity. The goal of this study was to determine the relationship between the peripheral ECC and known clinical markers of FECD in advanced cases.

Methods:
Patients with FECD examined between January 1, 2013, and September 1, 2016, by 1 cornea specialist were identified. Medical records from all previous visits were reviewed to include eyes with high-quality central and peripheral in vivo confocal microscopy images performed on the same day as a clinical evaluation. Endothelial photographs were used to perform manual cell counts centrally and peripherally. Clinical grading of FECD from 1 to 4 was performed at the slit-lamp.

Results:
We identified 154 eyes of 126 patients that met criteria for inclusion. With higher disease grades, central ECC and peripheral ECC decreased, visual acuity worsened, and central corneal thickness (CCT) increased (all P < 0.05). In patients with advanced disease (defined as either grade 3 or 4, CCT >700, or central ECC <350), the peripheral ECC was the best predictor of disease severity and had the highest number of statistically significant correlations with other clinical markers compared with competing variables.

Conclusions:
In advanced FECD, severity is best determined by the peripheral ECC compared with the central ECC, visual acuity, clinical disease grade, and CCT. The peripheral ECC should be added to the clinical parameters used to evaluate FECD severity.
Surgical Emphysema Following Canalplasty for Aural Exostoses
Authors: Baxter Michael C. , Keller Matthew , Shah Anil , Wise Sean 
Published: July 2017

Objective:
To describe the presentation and management of surgical emphysema involving the temporomandibular joint and deep neck following exostoses removal.

Patient:
A 60-year-old male surfer presented with hearing loss and recurrent infections in the right ear. An examination revealed obstructing bony exostoses in the right external auditory canal. He underwent right canalplasty using a postauricular approach. At 5 weeks after surgery, he presented with right otalgia, swelling of the right face and neck, and complaints of a squeaking noise in the right ear with mandibular excursions. An otomicroscopic examination demonstrated a focal area of prolapsing soft tissue along the anterior bony external auditory canal with mandibular movement. The examination also revealed palpable crepitus of the right face and neck. Computed tomography was obtained of the temporal bones and neck confirming a focal anterior canal wall defect allowing communication between the glenoid fossa and external auditory canal with subcutaneous emphysema tracking around the temporomandibular joint into the masticator, parotid, and parapharyngeal spaces.

Intervention:
Maxillomandibular fixation for 2 weeks with revision canalplasty using a split tragal cartilage graft.

Results:
At 6 weeks after revision surgery, the patient reported complete resolution of all symptoms. Repeat imaging demonstrated complete resolution of subcutaneous and deep neck emphysema, and the otomicroscopic examination revealed a fully epithelialized external auditory canal with no further evidence of soft tissue prolapse.

Conclusion:
Maxillomandibular fixation with autologous cartilage graft is an effective management strategy for complications of canalplasty resulting in exposure of the temporomandibular joint capsule and surgical emphysema.
Racial Differences in Geographic Access to Medical Care as Measured by Patient Report and Geographic Information Systems
Authors: Wong Michelle S. , Grande David T. , Mitra Nandita , Radhakrishnan Archana , Branas Charles C. , Ward Katelyn R. , Pollack Craig E. 
Published: July 2017

Background:
Geographic access—the travel burden required to reach medical care—is an important aspect of care. Studies, which typically rely on geographic information system (GIS) calculated travel times, have found some evidence of racial disparities in spatial access to care. However, the validity of these studies depends on the accuracy of travel times by patient race.

Objectives:
To determine if there are racial differences when comparing patient-reported and GIS-calculated travel times.

Research Design:
Data came from the Philadelphia Area Prostate Cancer Access Study (P2 Access), a cohort study of men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer. We conducted cross-sectional analysis of 2136 men using multivariable linear mixed-effects models to examine the effect of race on differences in patient-reported and GIS-calculated travel times to urology and radiation oncology cancer providers.

Results:
Patient-reported travel times were, on an average, longer than GIS-calculated times. For urology practices, median patient-reported travel times were 12.7 minutes longer than GIS-calculated travel times for blacks versus 7.2 minutes longer for whites. After adjusting for potential confounders, including socioeconomic status and car access, the difference was significantly greater for black patients than white patients (2.0 min; 95% confidence interval, 0.58–3.44).

Conclusions:
GIS-calculated travel time may underestimate access to care, especially for black patients. Future studies that use GIS-calculated travel times to examine racial disparities in spatial access to care might consider including patient-reported travel times and controlling for factors that might affect the accuracy of GIS-calculated travel times.
Implementation of a Nurse-driven Educational Program Improves Management of Sorafenib’s Toxicities in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Brunot Angélique , Le Roy Florence , Le Sourd Samuel , M’Sadek Amel , Duval Marielle , Crouzet Laurence , Guillygomarc’h Anne , Boucher Eveline , Laguerre Brigitte , Edeline Julien 
Published: July 2017

Background:
Sorafenib is the standard treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Because of its unique toxicities, improving patients’ tolerance merits close follow-up. Nurses can play a crucial role by leading a patient educational program (EP).

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to assess whether adding EP to usual care (UC) improves patient’s care.

Methods:
Since 2011, oncologists referred patients treated by sorafenib to the EP led by clinical nurses. The EP included a visit before the first administration, weekly telephone calls, and a visit with the nurse before each oncologist consultation. We retrospectively compared patients in the EP with those in UC followed by an oncologist and patients included in a clinical trial.

Results:
Since 2005, 129 patients were treated with sorafenib for hepatocellular carcinoma: 31 in the EP (24%), 22 in a clinical trial (17%), and 76 with UC (59%). Seventy-one percent of the patients in the EP had toxicities identified during a telephone call, which prompted symptomatic measures in 65% of the patients, leading to treatment modification before the planned on-site visit in 29% of the patients. Educational program patients required fewer dose reductions (39% vs 61% for UC, P = .04), and median time to first dose reduction was shorter with EP than with UC (25 vs 45 days, P = .036).

Conclusions:
This study suggests a clinical benefit of EP related to improved toxicity management of sorafenib that resulted in fewer dose reductions.

Implications for Practice:
Patients treated with sorafenib may benefit from an EP. Different types of EP should be compared prospectively, focusing on patients’ quality of life.
Nurses Exploring the Spirituality of Their Patients With Cancer
Authors: van Meurs Jacqueline , Smeets Wim , Vissers Kris C.P. , Groot Marieke , Engels Yvonne 
Published: July 2017

Background:
Attention for spirituality should be an integral part of professionals' caregiving. Particularly, nurses caring for patients with cancer might have opportunities to give attention to this dimension.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to gain insight in the way and extent to which nurses during daily caregiving observe and explore spiritual issues of hospitalized patients with cancer.

Methods:
We performed an ethnographic study with participant observation. Data were collected in 2015 during 4 shifts at the medical oncology department of a university hospital. The researcher, a spiritual care provider (chaplain) wearing the same kind of uniform as the nurses, observed the nurses, participated in their actions, and interviewed them after the shift.

Results:
Although the patients did send many implicit and explicit messages concerning spiritual issues, the nurses did not explore them. If noticed, 3 barriers for exploring spiritual issues were mentioned by the nurses: lack of time, conflict with their mindset, and being reserved to talk about such issues.

Conclusions:
During their daily caregiving to patients with a life-threatening illness, nurses have many opportunities to explore spiritual issues, but they do not often recognize them. If they do, they tend not to explore the spiritual issues.

Implications for Practice:
Communication training for nurses is necessary to develop skills for exploring the spiritual dimension in patients with cancer. In such training, attention to the misconception that such a conversation requires a lot of time and for recognizing signals from patients inviting an exploration of their concerns is necessary.