bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Ultrasound and MRI for the Diagnosis of Glenohumeral Dysplasia in Brachial Plexus Birth Palsy
Authors: Donohue Kenneth W. , Little Kevin J. , Gaughan John P. , Kozin Scott H. , Norton Brian D. , Zlotolow Dan A. 
Published: January 2017

Background:
In this study, we investigated the agreement between measurements made on ultrasound and those made on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the assessment of glenohumeral dysplasia resulting from brachial plexus birth palsy.

Methods:
Thirty-nine patients (14 male and 25 female) with brachial plexus birth palsy were evaluated at 2 tertiary care centers. All patients underwent ultrasonography and MRI for suspected glenohumeral dysplasia. Studies were obtained at an average of 2 months apart (range, 0 to 6 months). The average patient age at the time of the initial imaging study was 20 months (range, 4 to 54 months). Four blinded independent evaluators measured the alpha angle, the posterior humeral head displacement (PHHD), and glenoid version on both the ultrasound and MRI study for each patient. The percentage of the humeral head anterior to the scapular axis (PHHA) was determined on MRI only. Measurements were obtained on OsiriX software (Pixmeo). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to assess the intrarater and interrater reliability, and Bland-Altman plots were used to compare MRI and ultrasound measurement agreement.

Results:
We found excellent interrater reliability for measurements of the alpha angle on MRI, glenoid version on MRI, and the alpha angle on ultrasound (ICC: 0.83, 0.75, and 0.78, respectively). The interrater reliability for the PHHD on both MRI and ultrasound was good (ICC: 0.70 and 0.68, respectively), and the interrater reliability for the PHHA on MRI was fair (ICC: 0.57). However, the interrater reliability for glenoid version on ultrasound was poor (ICC: 0.30). Relative to MRI measurements, ultrasound measurements were found to underestimate the alpha angle and glenoid version by an average of 13° ± 23° and 6° ± 17°, respectively, and overestimate the PHHD by an average of 4% ± 20%. Increasing patient age corresponded with a significant increase in the MRI-ultrasound measurement difference for the alpha angle (p < 0.01) and a marginally significant increase in the difference for the PHHD (p < 0.06).

Conclusions:
Measurements on MRI and ultrasound were reliable, with measured bias. The poor agreement between measurements on MRI and ultrasound calls into question the validity of using ultrasonography as a stand-alone modality in the evaluation of glenohumeral dysplasia. MRI remains the gold standard for fully evaluating the glenohumeral joint. The clinical role of ultrasonography may be that of a screening tool or a way of evaluating joint reduction in real time.

Level of Evidence:
Diagnostic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Low-Dose Aspirin Is Effective Chemoprophylaxis Against Clinically Important Venous Thromboembolism Following Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Parvizi Javad , Huang Ronald , Restrepo Camilo , Chen Antonia F. , Austin Matthew S. , Hozack William J. , Lonner Jess H. 
Published: January 2017

Background:Aspirin is a safe and effective prophylaxis for the prevention of venous thromboembolism following total joint arthroplasty. The optimal dose of aspirin prophylaxis is unknown. Our hypothesis was that lower-dose aspirin is as effective as higher-dose aspirin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism and is associated with fewer gastrointestinal side effects.Methods:In a prospective, crossover study, we analyzed 4,651 primary total joint arthroplasty cases performed from July 2013 to June 2015. For 4 weeks, 3,192 patients received enteric-coated 325-mg aspirin twice daily (the 325-mg aspirin group) and 1,459 patients received 81-mg aspirin twice daily (the 81-mg aspirin group). There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in sex, body mass index, or Charlson Comorbidity Index between the two patient populations. Recorded complications occurring within 90 days postoperatively included symptomatic venous thromboembolism (deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism), gastrointestinal complications, acute periprosthetic joint infection, and death.Results:The incidence of venous thromboembolism of 0.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0% to 0.3%) in the 81-mg aspirin group (1 with deep venous thrombosis and 1 with pulmonary embolism) was not significantly different (p = 0.345) from 0.3% (95% CI, 0.1% to 0.6%) in the 325-mg aspirin group (7 with deep venous thrombosis and 5 with pulmonary embolism). The incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding or ulceration of 0.3% (95% CI, 0% to 0.5%) in the 81-mg aspirin group was slightly, but not significantly (p = 0.66), lower than the 0.4% (95% CI, 0.2% to 0.6%) in the 325-mg aspirin group. The incidence of acute periprosthetic joint infection was 0.2% (95% CI, 0% to 0.4%) in the 81-mg aspirin group compared with 0.5% (95% CI, 0.2% to 0.7%) in the 325-mg aspirin group (p = 0.28). The 90-day mortality rate was similar in both groups at 0.1% (95% CI, 0% to 0.2%) in the 81-mg aspirin group and 0.1% (95% CI, 0% to 0.2%) in the 325-mg aspirin group (p = 0.78).Conclusions:Our study demonstrates that low-dose aspirin is not inferior to high-dose aspirin for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis following total joint arthroplasty. This is not unexpected, as the available literature demonstrates that low-dose aspirin is as effective as higher-dose aspirin in the prevention of acute coronary syndrome and cerebrovascular events.Level of Evidence:TherapeuticLevel II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Characterizing the Propionibacterium Load in Revision Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Ahsan Zahab S. , Somerson Jeremy S. , Matsen Frederick A. 
Published: January 2017

Background:Propionibacterium is commonly recovered from explants or surrounding tissues in revision shoulder arthroplasty. Rather than attempting to differentiate a true infection from a false-positive result on the basis of the number of positive cultures, we characterized the amount of these bacteria in each specimen and shoulder.Methods:The study included 137 revision shoulder arthroplasties from which a minimum of 4 specimens had been submitted for culture and at least 1 was positive for Propionibacterium. Standard microbiology procedures were used to assign a semiquantitative value (0.1, 1, 2, 3, or 4), called theSpecimen Propi Value,to the amount of growth in each specimen. The sum of the Specimen Propi Values for each shoulder was defined as the Shoulder Propi Score, which was then divided by the total number of specimens to calculate the Average Shoulder Propi Score.Results:The number and percentage of positive specimen-specific cultures (of material obtained from the stem explant, head explant, glenoid explant, humeral membrane, collar membrane, other soft tissue, fluid, or other) per shoulder ranged from 1 to 6 and 14% to 100%. A high percentage of specimens (mean, 43%; median, 50%) from the culture-positive shoulders showed no growth. Only 32.6% of the fluid cultures were positive in comparison with 66.5% of the soft-tissue cultures and 55.6% of the cultures of explant specimens. The average Specimen Propi Value (and standard deviation) for fluid specimens (0.35 ± 0.89) was significantly lower than those for the soft-tissue (0.92 ± 1.50) and explant (0.66 ± 0.90) specimens (p < 0.001). The Shoulder Propi Score was significantly higher in men (3.56 ± 3.74) than in women (1.22 ± 3.11) (p < 0.001). Similarly, men had a significantly higher Average Shoulder Propi Score (0.53 ± 0.51) than women (0.19 ± 0.43) (p < 0.001).Conclusions:This investigation suggests that Propionibacterium is unevenly distributed within culture-positive revised shoulders. As a result, the specimen number and source (explant, soft tissue, or fluid) have major influences on the culture results for a revised shoulder arthroplasty. We found no evidence that suggested useful threshold values for defining a true infection.Level of Evidence:DiagnosticLevel III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
CENTRAL BANK POLICY MIX: KEY CONCEPTS AND INDONESIA’S EXPERIENCE
Authors: Warjiyo Perry 
Published: January 2017

The global crisis brings about renewed reforms on central bank policy. First, in addition to the traditional mandate of price stability, there are strong supports for additional mandate of the central bank to promote financial system stability. Second, macroprudential policy is needed to address procyclicality and build-up systemic risks in the macro-financial linkages of financial system that in most cases precede and deepen financial crisis. Third, monetary and financial stability are also prone to volatility of capital flows, especially for the emerging countries, and thus there is a need to manage them. The challenge is how to mix the policies of monetary, macroprudential, and capital flows management to meet the renewed mandate of central bank on monetary and financial stability. This paper reviews theoretical underpinnings and provides key concepts to address the issues. We show that central bank policy mix is both conceptually coherent and practically implementable. We provide a concrete recommendation with a reference from Indonesia’s experience since 2010. We also raise a number of challenges from practical point of views, especially relating to decision making process, forecasting model, and communication, for the success of the policy mix.
SPOKOJNY SEN KLITAJMESTRY ALBO CZEGO „BRAK” W EURYPIDESOWEJ „ELEKTRZE"
Authors: Komorowska Joanna 
Published: January 2017

Peaceful dream of Clytemnestra, or what is missing in Euripides’ Electra Clytemnestra’s dream features as an important element of the vengeance dramas of both Aeschylus and Sophocles: still, is remains absent from the Euripidean version. This short essay sketches the possible implications of such an ‘omission’, while simultaneously highlighting the highly contrasting implications of the dream in the Choephorae and in the Sophoclean Electra.
SEKS I PRZEMOC MAŁŻEŃSTWO W TRAGEDIACH EURYPIDESA
Authors: Spieralska Beata 
Published: January 2017

Sex and violence. Marriage in Euripides’ tragedies In ancient Athens, marriage was an event which from today’s perspective is linked with the notion of violence, even if the then living people would not have defined it in this way. From their perspective, it was obvious that the woman who was getting married was not the subject of the marital contract. Euripides tragedies, far from being a manifesto in the defence of women’s fate (it would be a complete anachronism to ascribe such motivations to the dramatist) show very frequently, however, women as victims of male disloyalty. Such heroines as Iphigenia, Alcestis or Medea appear to be more faithful to the marital contract than their husbands. To a modern reader, they may constitute a source of knowledge on the ancient Athenian institution of marriage. At the same time we have to keep in mind that caution should be exercised: tragedy is not an historiographic work, but primarily a literary fiction, set in reality, but also going beyond it. What can be, to some extent, an historical source is simultaneously – and maybe even more – an artistic creation. It allows us not only to learn about the reality of the epoch, but also admire the art with which the artist undertakes vital social issues.
Historia literatury w objęciach Darwina?
Authors: Skórczewski Dariusz 
Published: January 2017

History of literature held in darwin’s embrace? The paper adumbrates Joseph Carroll’s evolutionist literary theory positioning it against the developments in literary studies and humanities after postmodernism. The author discusses the ambivalence present in Carroll’s neo-darwinian project, its possible power to revert the decline of literary studies through a return to tangibility and certainty after the dominance of postmodern speculative theories, but also its reductionist and anti-axiological- stance being a peril to the advancement of literary studies. The paper invites further discussion on the prospects of trans-disciplinary alliance between humanities and biological sciences in relation to the aesthetic specificity of literature.
Glosa do nienapisanej Historii Nowoczesnej Literatury Polskiej Aleksandra Wata
Authors: Łukaszuk Małgorzata 
Published: January 2017

Commentary on the unwritten history of modern Polish literature of Aleksander Wat The starting point for further consideration is for the author the intriguing convergence between the modern division of twentieth-century literature, proposed by Michał Paweł Markowski (for the “conservative” and “critical” modernism), and related to the same topic more than half century earlier Wat’s intuitions. In his Dziennik bez samogłosek [Diary without Vowels] (from January 1964) arguing with Milosz (who once teased Wat with a careless treatment of his work JA z jednej strony i JA z drugiej strony mego mopsożelaznego piecyka [Me from One Side and Me from the Other Side of My Pug Iron Stove]) draws an original story of Polish literature. Among important to Wat’s number of authors like Witkacy, Leśmian, Białoszewski and Różewicz, the author focuses on the last two, explaining why they occupy such a high place in Wat’s hierarchy. “Baka’s child” Białoszewski is dear to Wat because of the discoveries in the language area, and Różewicz on the other hand, although his presence in this statement may appear surprising, is for Wat a successor to the “full” stylistic secession. Another of the interesting to Wat writers – Gombrowicz, awakens in him ambivalent feelings from unrelenting criticism of a fellow writer (“complete ignorance”), to admiration of the Kosmos [Cosmos] (“Kosmos is a great book”).
DYSKUSJA WOKÓŁ PROJEKTÓW WYDAWNICZYCH W KORESPONDENCJI JERZEGO GIEDROYCIA I ALEKSANDRA WATA
Authors: Kudyba Wojciech 
Published: January 2017

A discussion on publishing projects in the correspondence between Jerzy Giedroyc and Aleksander Wat Having read a correspondence between Aleksander Wat and Jerzy Giedroyc from 1959–1967 (approximately 30 letters of each correspondent), the author notes that it concerns mainly professional issues, among others, Wat’s working in the post of the editor in Milan’s publishing house of Umberto Silva, who planned (the plans being carried out or not) to publish translations of books of Polish authors (among others, Noce i dnie by Maria Dąbrowska, Bolesław Chrobry by Gołubiew, Srebrne orły by Parnicki, Rodzinna Europa by Miłosz, Skrzydła ołtarza by Herling-Grudziński). An important topic – especially for Giedroyc – raised in these letters, is the picture of communism in the West, frequently wrongly interpreted there, and from the angle of this subject-matter Giedroyc organizes publishing plans in Literary Institute in Paris, among others he supports Wat in writing a book on a true facet of communist Russia – a collection Świat na haku i pod kluczem and Mój wiek [My Century], which were, however, to be published only after Wat’s death.
Wizualność norwidowskiej metafory (na przykładzie "Fortepianu Szopena")
Authors: Niewczas Łukasz 
Published: January 2017

Norwid’s Visual Metaphor (using the example of ‘Chopin’s Grand Piano’) The article deals with the analysis of the visual metaphor present in Norwid’s writings. The author’s microanalyses point to a certain type of ‘semiotic image’ prevalent in Norwid’s literary output.
Jezus za kaemem. Glossa z pogranicza literatury, teologii i historii sztuki
Authors: Zieliński Jan 
Published: January 2017

Machine Gun Jesus. A gloss between literature, theology and art history In order to explain a mysterious sentence in an article by Jerzy Stempowski on Józef Wittlin’s novel (published in the present issue of “CL”) about a sermon on Jesus at a German machine gun, the author makes a survey of several sermons delivered and published in protestant Switzerland during the First World War (including one by the future famous theologian Karl Barth). Another possible source for this phrase by Stempowski is an article published in 1930 in “Berliner Tageblatt” during a lawsuit for blasphemy against the painter George Grosz, the author of a drawing representing Jesus on the Cross with a gas mask. The gloss ends with some remarks on the later use of the terms “Machine Gun Jesus” or “God’s Machine Gun” (Johannes Leppich, Billy Graham, Ryszard Kapuściński, Sam Childers).
Pasierb – eseista. Stan posiadania, perspektywy badawcze
Authors: Kudyba Wojciech 
Published: January 2017

Pasierb – an essayist. What we have and the research prospects Even though Fr. Janusz Stanisław Pasierb’s essay books enjoyed considerable popularity already during the author’s lifetime and they account for a sizeable portion of his writings, they have not been a subject of a separate study yet. Recently published Ars, fides et ratio. Esej teologiczny? (Tischner – Pasierb – Szymik) (Siedlce, 2012) [Ars, fides et ratio. A theological essay? (Tischner – Pasierb – Szymik)] by Aleksandra Pethe awakens hope for a revival in interest in Fr. Pasierb’s essays. The book itself contributes very little to the research on the writer’s essays, however it does pose important questions, among others on the mechanisms of the essayisation of homilies employed by Fr. Pasierb. It seems that other ways in which he transgressed various literary forms in the direction of theological essay deserve special attention. Fr. Pasierb’s writings remain open to state-of-the-art research tools and call for urgent investigation.
„CHIŃSKI NORWID” A MYŚL I POETYKA NORWIDOLOGII POLSKIEJ.
Authors: Skalińska Ewangelina 
Published: January 2017

„Chinese Norwid” and the thought and poetics of Polish Norwid studies Review of Krzysztof Andrzej Jeżewski, Cyprian Norwid a myśl i poetyka Kraju Środka [Cyprian Norwid and the thought and poetics of the Middle Kingdom]. The review discusses main research questions tackled by Krzysztof Andrzej Jeżewski, the author of a comparative essay that juxtaposes selected aspects of Chinese culture and aesthetics with Cyprian Norwid’s works.
Nanomedicine-Mediated Combination Drug Therapy in Tumor
Authors: Chen Dazhong , Xie Fangyuan , Sun Duxin , Yin Chuan , Gao Jie , Zhong Yanqiang 
Published: January 2017

Background:Combined chemotherapy has gradually become one of the conventional methods of cancer treatment due to the limitation of monotherapy. However, combined chemotherapy has several drawbacks that may lead to treatment failure because drug synergy cannot be guaranteed, achievement of the optimal synergistic drug ratio is difficult, and drug uptake into the tumor is inconsistent. Nanomedicine can be a safe and effective form of drug delivery, which may address the problems associated with combination chemotherapy.Objective:This review summarizes the recent research in this area, including the use of nanoparticles, liposomes, lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles, and polymeric micelles, and provides new approach for combined chemotherapy.Methods:By collecting and referring to the related literature in recent years.Results:Compared with conventional drugs, nanomedicine has the following advantages: it increases bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs, prolongs drug circulation timein vivo, and permits multiple drug loading, all of which could improve drug efficacy and reduce toxicity. Furthermore, nanomedicine can maintain the synergistic ratio of the drugs; deliver the drugs to the tumor at the same time, such that two or more drugs of tumor treatment achieve synchronization in time and space; and alter the pharmacokinetics and distribution profilein vivosuch that these are dependent on nanocarrier properties (rather than being dependent on the drugs themselves).Conclusion:Therefore, nanomedicine-mediated combination drug therapy is promising in the treatment of tumors.
El desarrollo territorial a partir de la construcción de capital sinergético
Authors: Boisier Sergio 
Published: January 2017

El documento plantea como hipótesis principal la existencia de una incoherencia lógica en la implícita ecuación del desarrollo (territorial en este caso) que ha respaldado los intentos de intervenir a favor precisamente de ese desarrollo. Tal incoherencia queda establecida en la diferente dimensionalidad de las variables, independientes (factores causales del desarrollo) y dependientes (el desarrollo mismo) de dicha implícita ecuación. En términos simples, el desarrollo bien entendido es un fenómeno de orden cualitativo en tanto que se le trata de alcanzar mediante acciones de orden cuantitativo. El autor propone apoyarse en el concepto de capital sinergético para potenciar y articular nueve formas de capital, casi todas de carácter intangible, a fin de colocar a un territorio en el sendero virtuoso del desarrollo. Se trata de cuestiones cognitivas, simbólicas, culturales, sociales, cívicas, etc., que parecen vincularse más estrechamente con una contemporánea concepción del desarrollo que la construcción de infraestructura u otras acciones materiales, que, valiosas en sí mismas, no ecuacionan con el desarrollo.Palabras-clave: desenvolvimento territorial; capital sinergético; capital simbólico; projeto político; desenvolvimento endógeno. Abstract: The paper establishes the hypothesis that there is a logical inconsistency in the implicit (land) development equation that has underpinned the intention of intervening in favour of this very development. Such an inconsistency is established both in the independent variables (factors bringing about development) and the dependent variables (the development itself) of this implicit equation. Put simply, development is properly understood as a qualitative phenomenon, to the extent that it is sought to be achieved through quantitative actions. The author proposes support from the concept of synergetic capital to potentialise and articulate new forms of capital, almost all of which are intangible, in order to apply them to land on the virtuous path of development. The focus is one of cognitive, symbolic, cultural, social and civic questions, that appear to be more closely linked with contemporary notions of development than the construction of infrastructure and other material initiatives which, although valuable in themselves, do not equate with development. Keywords: territorial development; synergetic capital; symbolic capital; political agenda; endogenous development.