bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Well‐Being and Cardiovascular Health: Insights From the UK Biobank Study
Authors: Zhong Jinghui , Zhang Pan , Dong Yiran , Xu Yingjie , Huang Hongmei , Ye Ruidong , Liu Xinfeng , Sun Wen 
Published: September 2024

Background
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading global health concern. Emerging evidence suggests a potential protective role of well‐being in reducing CVD risk.

Methods and Results
We conducted a cohort analysis using the UK Biobank data set, encompassing 121 317 participants. We assessed the well‐being of participants using a well‐being index derived from baseline questionnaires. Well‐being categories were derived by latent class analysis using general happiness and satisfaction with family, friendships, health, and finance situations. The relationship between well‐being and 4 major CVDs was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models and Mendelian randomization. The study also examined the impacts of well‐being on lifestyle factors and inflammatory markers, and its mediating role in the well‐being–CVD relationship. Higher well‐being was associated with a significantly reduced risk of various CVDs. Latent class analysis identified 4 distinct well‐being groups (low, variable, moderate‐to‐high, and high satisfaction), with higher satisfaction levels generally associated with lower risk of CVDs. Mendelian randomization suggested potential causal relationships between well‐being and reduced risk of CVDs. Participants with greater well‐being demonstrated healthier behaviors and lower levels of inflammatory markers. Mediation analysis indicated that lifestyle and inflammatory markers partially mediated the relationship between well‐being and CVDs.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates a robust inverse association between well‐being and the risks of CVDs, suggesting that enhancing well‐being may be a viable strategy for CVD prevention. The role of lifestyle factors and inflammation as a mediator provides insight into possible biological pathways linking psychological states and cardiovascular health.
Ramipril After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Patients Without Reduced Ejection Fraction: The RASTAVI Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Amat‐Santos Ignacio J. , López‐Otero Diego , Nombela‐Franco Luis , Peral‐Disdier Vicente , Gutiérrez‐Ibañes Enrique , Jiménez‐Diaz Victor , Muñoz‐Garcia Antonio , Del Valle Raquel , Regueiro Ander , Ibáñez Borja , Romaguera Rafael , Cuellas Ramón Carlos , García Bruno , Sánchez Pedro L. , Gómez‐Herrero Javier , Gonzalez‐Juanatey Jose R. , Tirado‐Conte Gabriela , Fernández‐Avilés Francisco , Raposeiras Sergio , Revilla‐Orodea Ana , López‐Diaz Javier , Gómez Itziar , Carrasco‐Moraleja Manuel , San Román J. A. 
Published: September 2024

Background
Patients with aortic stenosis may continue to have an increased risk of heart failure, arrhythmias, and death after successful transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Renin‐angiotensin system inhibitors may be beneficial in this setting. We aimed to explore whether ramipril improves the outcomes of patients with aortic stenosis after transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

Methods and Results

PROBE (Prospective Randomized Open, Blinded Endpoint) was a multicenter trial comparing ramipril with standard care (control) following successful transcatheter aortic valve implantation in patients with left ventricular ejection fraction >40%. The primary end point was the composite of cardiac mortality, heart failure readmission, and stroke at 1‐year follow‐up. Secondary end points included left ventricular remodeling and fibrosis. A total of 186 patients with median age 83 years (range 79–86), 58.1% women, and EuroSCORE‐II 3.75% (range 3.08–4.97) were randomized to receive either ramipril (n=94) or standard treatment (n=92). There were no significant baseline, procedural, or in‐hospital differences. The primary end point occurred in 10.6% in the ramipril group versus 12% in the control group (
P
=0.776), with no differences in cardiac mortality (ramipril 1.1% versus control group 2.2%,
P
=0.619) but lower rate of heart failure readmissions in the ramipril group (3.2% versus 10.9%,
P
=0.040). Cardiac magnetic resonance analysis demonstrated better remodeling in the ramipril compared with the control group, with greater reduction in end‐systolic and end‐diastolic left ventricular volumes, but nonsignificant differences were found in the percentage of myocardial fibrosis.

Conclusions
Ramipril administration after transcatheter aortic valve implantation in patients with preserved left ventricular function did not meet the primary end point but was associated with a reduction in heart failure re‐admissions at 1‐year follow‐up.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique Identifier: NCT03201185.
Context-dependent neural preparation for information relevance vs. probability
Authors: Peñalver José M.G. , González-García Carlos , Palenciano Ana F. , López-García David , Ruz María 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Preparation is a top-down phenomenon known to improve performance across different situations. In light of recent electrophysiological findings that suggest that anticipatory neural preactivations linked to preparation are context-specific and do not generalize across domains, in the current study we used fMRI to investigate the brain regions involved in these differential patterns. We applied multivariate decoding to data obtained in a paradigm where, in different blocks, cues provided information about the relevance or probability of incoming target stimuli. Results showed that the anticipated stimulus category was preactivated in both conditions, mostly in different brain regions within the ventral visual cortex and with differential overlap with actual target perception. Crucially, there was scarce cross-classification across attention and expectation contexts except on a patch of the fusiform gyrus, indicating mostly differential neural coding of anticipated contents in relevance and probability scenarios. Finally, a model-based fMRI-EEG fusion showed that these regions differentially code for specific conditions during preparation, as well as specifically preparing for category anticipation in a ramping-up manner. Overall, our results stress the specificity of anticipatory neural processing depending on its informative role while highlighting a key hub of commonality in the fusiform gyrus.
Interdisciplinary research in artificial intelligence: Lessons from COVID-19
Authors: Abbonato Diletta , Bianchini Stefano , Gargiulo Floriana , Venturini Tommaso 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is widely regarded as one of the most promising technologies for advancing science, fostering innovation, and solving global challenges. Recent years have seen a push for teamwork between experts from different fields and AI specialists, but the outcomes of these collaborations have yet to be studied. We focus on approximately 15,000 papers at the intersection of AI and COVID-19—arguably one of the major challenges of recent decades—and show that interdisciplinary collaborations between medical professionals and AI specialists have largely resulted in publications with low visibility and impact. Our findings suggest that impactful research depends less on the overall interdisciplinary of author teams and more on the diversity of knowledge they actually harness in their research. We conclude that team composition significantly influences the successful integration of new computational technologies into science and that obstacles still exist to effective interdisciplinary collaborations in the realm of AI.
We need to rethink the way we identify diamond open access journals in quantitative science studies
Authors: Simard Marc-André , Butler Leigh-Ann , Alperin Juan Pablo , Haustein Stefanie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
With the announcement of several new diamond open access (OA) related initiatives and the creation of the Global Summit on Diamond Open Access, diamond OA is now at the forefront of the OA movement. However, while working on our recent Quantitative Science Studies publication and data sets, we noticed that temporarily waiving article processing charges (APCs) was a commonly used strategy by big publishers for some of their journals. In the absence of an index of diamond journals, most studies have operationalized the identification of diamond journals as a subset of gold journals that do not charge an APC. While this is a pragmatic approach, we fear that it could undermine the value of the research in understanding what we believe is more commonly understood by diamond OA. This letter discusses the need for bibliometric research to apply more nuance in how it operationalizes diamond OA beyond the absence of APCs. We call on the publishing sector to be more transparent in the costs of publishing. Ultimately, we argue that transparency and a long-term commitment to no-APC publishing are necessary for diamond OA to succeed, and that the research community needs to apply this standard when seeking to understand the model.
Comparing Airborne and Along-Sidewall Ground-Based Measurements to Retrieve Thermal and PM10 Concentration Profiles in Two Alpine Valleys
Authors: Gerosa Giacomo A. , Finco Angelo , Giovannini Lorenzo , Zardi Dino , Marzuoli Riccardo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The paper aims at investigating the effectiveness of estimating vertical profiles of air temperature and PM10 concentrations in Alpine valleys through ground stations positioned at different altitudes on one valley sidewall (i.e., pseudovertical profiles). Two case studies in the Italian Alps are investigated: Chiese Valley in Trentino Province and Camonica Valley in the Lombardy region. Vertical profiles of temperature and PM10 concentrations were derived from airborne measurements at the center of the two valleys by means of low-cost sensors installed on a drone during summer 2019 and a tethered balloon during winter 2020. At the same time, five stations, equipped with the same kind of low-cost sensors, simultaneously monitored the same variables on one mountain slope. Comparisons between pseudoprofiles and airborne soundings revealed that ground stations well approximated temperature and PM10 soundings during the night and early morning, while temperatures along the slopes were higher than in the center of the valley during daytime, due to solar radiative heating, with larger differences in summer than in winter. On the contrary, some episodes with PM10 concentrations slightly higher in the valley center than on the slope were recorded, due to transport events and upslope winds. Nonetheless, the pseudoprofiles based on slope ground measurements faithfully reproduced the vertical gradients of both air temperature and PM10 if compared to those assessed from the soundings performed at the center of the two valleys. Results show that pseudovertical profiles can be a reliable and inexpensive method for continuous monitoring of vertical air temperature and PM10 distribution in mountain valleys.

Significance Statement
The purpose of this study is to understand whether ground-based measurements of air temperature and particulate matter on mountain slopes can be used as suitable surrogates of vertical atmospheric soundings with tethered balloons or drones in mountain environment. This is important because balloon and drone soundings are expensive and regulative constrained. The knowledge of the vertical distribution of air temperature is crucial to predict the distribution of air pollutants in valleys, namely, the particulate matter emitted by wood burning. Our results showed that ground-based measurements on mountain slopes made with low-cost sensors can satisfactorily reproduce vertical gradients of air temperature and distribution of particulate matter in a reliable and inexpensive way.
Shedding Light on the Devastating Floods in June 1897 in Romania: Early Instrumental Observations and Synoptic Analysis
Authors: Ionita M. , Nagavciuc V. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Information about past floods and historical precipitation records is fundamental to the management of water resources, but observational records usually cover only the last 100–150 years. Using several different data sources, such as newly digitized meteorological data from several stations in the southeastern part of Romania, from historical newspapers of that time, and daily reanalysis of large-scale data, here we provide a detailed analysis of the atmospheric circulation conditions associated with a devastating flood event which took place in June 1897. The floods in June 1897 were one of the most devastating natural disasters in Romania’s history, and they were caused by heavy rainfall that started at the beginning of May and continued for several weeks, resulting in widespread flooding, especially in the eastern part of the country. The most affected areas were the cities of Braila and Galati, located on the main course of the Danube River, where the floods caused extensive damage to infrastructure, including homes, bridges, and roads, and disrupted transportation and communication networks. The heavy rainfall events occurring in June 1897 and the associated flood peak were triggered by intrusions of high potential vorticity (PV) anomalies toward the southeastern part of Europe, persistent and pivotal cutoff lows over the analyzed region, and increased water vapor transport over the southeastern part of Romania. We argue that digitizing and analyzing old meteorological records enables researchers to better understand Earth’s climate system and make more accurate predictions about future climate change.
An Update for Predicting Left-Moving Supercell Motion
Authors: Bunkers Matthew J. , Van Den Broeke Matthew S. , Allen John T. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A sample of 889 left-moving (LM) supercells of varying rotational strength across the United States was examined to determine if improvements could be made in predicting their motion using an existing hodograph-based technique. This technique was previously applied to a sample of only 30 LM supercells, and it was assumed that the same off-hodograph deviation from the mean wind for right-moving (RM) supercells was appropriate for LM supercells. However, our larger sample herein reveals the average deviation for LM supercells is less than the assumed 7.5 m s−1 based on a subset of 207 observed proximity soundings. At the same time, the 0–6-km mean-wind layer is still optimal for the advective component of storm motion (consistent with that for RM supercells). Applying the same methods to a subset of 678 model-derived Rapid Update Cycle/Rapid Refresh (RUC/RAP) proximity soundings generally confirms these results, but with slightly smaller deviations. These findings support decreasing the deviation parameter to 5.0 m s−1 for predicting LM supercell motion (at least for the United States). The sample of LM supercells additionally was subdivided based on strength and duration and then reevaluated using the observed proximity soundings. The predicted motion of moderate-strength mesoanticyclones had the least error, whereas the strong category had the largest errors by about 1 m s−1. Similarly, mesoanticyclones lasting 60–120 min had the least error in predicted motion. These two findings also are consistent with the results when using the RUC/RAP proximity soundings.

Significance Statement
Supercell thunderstorms produce the most devastating severe convective weather and have the greatest impact on life and property. Accurate supercell motion forecasts can be leveraged to improve messaging to the public in an effort to reduce these impacts (forecasting tools such as storm-relative helicity also can be improved). Supercells are either right moving or left moving (LM) based on how they move with respect to the mean atmospheric winds and vertical wind shear, and there is comparatively little research on LM supercell motion. Herein, we improve upon a technique to predict the motion of LM supercells and offer a simple adjustment for forecasting algorithms.
Establishment and validation of a nomogram model containing a triglyceride-glucose index and neutrophil-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio for predicting major adverse cardiac events in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Xu Zhi-Chao , Pang La-Mei , Chen Min , Hu Guang-Quan 
Published: September 2024

Objective To analyze the predictive value of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and neutrophil-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio (NHR) for in-hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and to establish an associated nomogram model. Methods In this retrospective study, we collected data from consecutive STEMI patients who underwent PCI from October 2019 to June 2023 at the Second People’s Hospital of Hefei and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, as training and validation sets. Stepwise regression and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to screen independent risk factors, and a nomogram model was constructed and evaluated for its predictive efficacy. Results The TyG index, NHR, urea, diastolic blood pressure, hypertension, and left ventricular ejection fraction were independent risk factors for in-hospital MACE after PCI, and were used to construct the nomogram model. The C-index of the training and validation sets were 0.799 and 0.753, respectively, suggesting that the model discriminated well. Calibration and clinical decision curves also demonstrated that the nomogram model had good predictive power. Conclusion In STEMI patients, increased TyG index and NHR were closely related to the occurrence of in-hospital MACE after PCI. Our constructed nomogram model has some value for predicting the occurrence of in-hospital MACE in STEMI patients.
Effects of antiretroviral therapy on glycemic and inflammatory indices in people living with HIV (PLWH)
Authors: Li Fei , Liu Shengnan , Baheti Rewaan , Chen Tielong , Zhang Bing , Wang Siyin , Peng Aihong , Wan Jing 
Published: September 2024

Background This study explores the relationship between different ART therapy based on NRTIs, and inflammatory markers, along with fasting blood glucose levels in treatment-naïve people living with HIV (PLWH). Methods We retrospectively analyzed the variations in fasting blood glucose and inflammatory markers and their relationship with different ART regimens in 497 treatment-naïve PLWH at the ART clinic of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from June 2018 to March 2022. Results From baseline to 24 months, fasting blood glucose, systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) in PLWH receiving ART increased, while neutrophillymphocyte ratio (NLR) decreased ( p < .05). In the NNRTIs group, fasting blood glucose, SII, PIV and LMR were higher than before ( p < .05). In the INSTIs group, fasting blood glucose and LMR increased ( p < .05), while NLR was lower ( p < .05). Compared to the INSTIs, fasting blood glucose in the NNRTIs group was higher at 12 and 24 months ( p < .05). At 24 months, both NLR and SII were higher in the NNRTIs group than in the INSTIs group ( p < .05). Conclusions Despite the virus suppression, fasting blood glucose and certain inflammatory markers in PLWH can gradually increase. Compared to NNRTIs, the INSTIs regimen was associated with favorable alterations in the levels of glucose and inflammatory markers.
Risk Assessment of ZAP-X→ Radiosurgery System in a Quaternary Care Hospital Using FMEA Approach
Authors: Babu Libin K. , Kumar Satish , Nayak Yogamaya , Malani Arpita 
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims: The overarching goal of this study is to conduct a robust risk assessment using the Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) approach. By identifying potential failure modes and their potential impacts on patient care and hospital operations, this research seeks to provide actionable insights and mitigation strategies for the safe and effective implementation of the ZAP-X Radiosurgery System. The swift integration of advanced medical technologies, exemplified by the ZAP-X→ Gyroscopic Stereotactic Radiosurgery System, a computer-controlled machine that delivers radiation to an intended target in the brain, necessitates a comprehensive proactive risk assessment before the launch of the system to ensure the safety of patients, staff and operational processes. Method: Applying the FMEA methodology, we meticulously mapped all processes and sub-processes associated with the ZAP-X Radiosurgery System implementation. Our multidisciplinary team, through a discussion on ‘what can go wrong’, identified failure modes. Risks were prioritised based on severity, likelihood and detectability giving them a Risk Priority Number (RPN). The team proposed mitigation strategies, deploying controls to enhance safety and reliability.
Investigating Working Memory Deficits in School-Age Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: An Event-Related Potentials Study During Delayed-Match-to-Sample Task
Authors: Shen I-Hsuan , Wang Wei-En , Ni Hsing-Chang , Chen Chia-Ling 
Published: September 2024

Objective: To investigate the neural mechanisms underlying working memory (WM) deficits in children with ADHD. Method: WM was compared between thirty-four children with ADHD and thirty-four matched controls using neuropsychological tests, spatial and verbal versions of modified delayed matching-to-sample (DMTS) tasks, and the event-related potential technique. Results: Children with ADHD demonstrated poor behavioral performance, delayed P3 latencies in high-load spatial modified DMTS tasks during encoding, and delayed P2 and N2 latencies during retrieval in spatial modified DMTS tasks. In high-load verbal modified DMTS tasks during encoding, they showed a smaller P3 amplitude. Discussion: Pronounced deficits in the central executive system in children with ADHD were exhibited by neuropsychological tests and the modified DMTS task. Children with ADHD exhibited a slowing of processing speed during encoding. Under high-load conditions, they showed a reduced P3 amplitude during retrieval, suggesting reduced neural resource allocation was available when the central executive of the working memory was heavily loaded.