bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity of Core Temperature Measurements at 3 Rectal Depths During Rest, Exercise, Cold-Water Immersion, and Recovery
Authors: Miller Kevin C. , Hughes Lexie E. , Long Blaine C. , Adams William M. , Casa Douglas J. 
Published: February 2017

Context:
No evidence-based recommendation exists regarding how far clinicians should insert a rectal thermistor to obtain the most valid estimate of core temperature. Knowing the validity of temperatures at different rectal depths has implications for exertional heat-stroke (EHS) management.

Objective:
To determine whether rectal temperature (Trec) taken at 4 cm, 10 cm, or 15 cm from the anal sphincter provides the most valid estimate of core temperature (as determined by esophageal temperature [Teso]) during similar stressors an athlete with EHS may experience.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:
Seventeen individuals (14 men, 3 women: age = 23 ± 2 years, mass = 79.7 ± 12.4 kg, height = 177.8 ± 9.8 cm, body fat = 9.4% ± 4.1%, body surface area = 1.97 ± 0.19 m2).

Intervention(s):
Rectal temperatures taken at 4 cm, 10 cm, and 15 cm from the anal sphincter were compared with Teso during a 10-minute rest period; exercise until the participant's Teso reached 39.5°C; cold-water immersion (∼10°C) until all temperatures were ≤38°C; and a 30-minute postimmersion recovery period. The Teso and Trec were compared every minute during rest and recovery. Because exercise and cooling times varied, we compared temperatures at 10% intervals of total exercise and cooling durations for these periods.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
The Teso and Trec were used to calculate bias (ie, the difference in temperatures between sites).

Results:
Rectal depth affected bias (F2,24 = 6.8, P = .008). Bias at 4 cm (0.85°C ± 0.78°C) was higher than at 15 cm (0.65°C ± 0.68°C, P &lt; .05) but not higher than at 10 cm (0.75°C ± 0.76°C, P &gt; .05). Bias varied over time (F2,34 = 79.5, P &lt; .001). Bias during rest (0.42°C ± 0.27°C), exercise (0.23°C ± 0.53°C), and recovery (0.65°C ± 0.35°C) was less than during cooling (1.72°C ± 0.65°C, P &lt; .05). Bias during exercise was less than during postimmersion recovery (0.65°C ± 0.35°C, P &lt; .05).

Conclusions:
When EHS is suspected, clinicians should insert the flexible rectal thermistor to 15 cm (6 in) because it is the most valid depth. The low level of bias during exercise suggests Trec is valid for diagnosing hyperthermia. Rectal temperature is a better indicator of pelvic organ temperature during cold-water immersion than is Teso.
Combined effects of grain size, flow volume and channel width on geophysical flow mobility: three-dimensional discrete element modeling of dry and dense flows of angular rock fragments
Authors: Cagnoli Bruno , Piersanti Antonio 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. We have carried out new three-dimensional numerical simulations by using a discrete element method (DEM) to study the mobility of dry granular flows of angular rock fragments. These simulations are relevant for geophysical flows such as rock avalanches and pyroclastic flows. The model is validated by previous laboratory experiments. We confirm that (1) the finer the grain size, the larger the mobility of the center of mass of granular flows; (2) the smaller the flow volume, the larger the mobility of the center of mass of granular flows and (3) the wider the channel, the larger the mobility of the center of mass of granular flows. The grain size effect is due to the fact that finer grain size flows dissipate intrinsically less energy. This volume effect is the opposite of that experienced by the flow fronts. The original contribution of this paper consists of providing a comparison of the mobility of granular flows in six channels with a different cross section each. This results in a new scaling parameter χ that has the product of grain size and the cubic root of flow volume as the numerator and the product of channel width and flow length as the denominator. The linear correlation between the reciprocal of mobility and parameter χ is statistically highly significant. Parameter χ confirms that the mobility of the center of mass of granular flows is an increasing function of the ratio of the number of fragments per unit of flow mass to the total number of fragments in the flow. These are two characteristic numbers of particles whose effect on mobility is scale invariant.
How much can we save? Impact of different emission scenarios on future snow cover in the Alps
Authors: Marty Christoph , Schlögl Sebastian , Bavay Mathias , Lehning Michael 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. This study focuses on an assessment of the future snow depth for two larger Alpine catchments. Automatic weather station data from two diverse regions in the Swiss Alps have been used as input for the Alpine3D surface process model to compute the snow cover at a 200 m horizontal resolution for the reference period (1999–2012). Future temperature and precipitation changes have been computed from 20 downscaled GCM-RCM chains for three different emission scenarios, including one intervention scenario (2 °C target) and for three future time periods (2020–2049, 2045–2074, 2070–2099). By applying simple daily change values to measured time series of temperature and precipitation, small-scale climate scenarios have been calculated for the median estimate and extreme changes. The projections reveal a decrease in snow depth for all elevations, time periods and emission scenarios. The non-intervention scenarios demonstrate a decrease of about 50 % even for elevations above 3000 m. The most affected elevation zone for climate change is located below 1200 m, where the simulations show almost no snow towards the end of the century. Depending on the emission scenario and elevation zone the winter season starts half a month to 1 month later and ends 1 to 3 months earlier in this last scenario period. The resulting snow cover changes may be roughly equivalent to an elevation shift of 500–800 or 700–1000 m for the two non-intervention emission scenarios. At the end of the century the number of snow days may be more than halved at an elevation of around 1500 m and only 0–2 snow days are predicted in the lowlands. The results for the intervention scenario reveal no differences for the first scenario period but clearly demonstrate a stabilization thereafter, comprising much lower snow cover reductions towards the end of the century (ca. 30 % instead of 70 %).
Antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of urinary tract infections in prenatal hydronephrosis: An updated systematic review
Authors: Easterbrook Bethany , Capolicchio John-Paul , Braga Luis H. 
Published: February 2017

Introduction: While continuous antibiotic prophylaxis (CAP) is currently recommended to prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in infants with prenatal hydronephrosis (HN), this recommendation is not evidence-based. The objective of this study was to systematically determine whether CAP reduces UTIs in the HN population.Methods: Applicable trials were identified through an electronic search of MEDLINE (1946‒2015), EMBASE (1980‒2016), CINAHL (1982‒2016), and CENTRAL (1993‒2016) and through a hand search of American Urological Association (AUA) (2012‒2015) and European Society for Pediatric Urology (ESPU) (2012‒2015) abstracts, as well as reference lists of included trials. The search strategy was not limited by language or year of publication. Eligible studies compared CAP to no CAP in patients with antenatal HN, <2 years of age, and reported development of UTI and HN grades. Two independent reviewers performed title and abstract screening, full-text review, and quality appraisal.Results: Of 1518 citations screened, 11 were included, contributing 3909 patients for final analysis. Of these, four (36%) were considered high-quality when assessed by the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis of the non-randomized trials (n=10) provided similar pooled UTI rates, regardless of CAP use: 9.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.4‒11.4%) for CAP and 7.5% (95% CI 6.4‒8.6%)for no CAP.Conclusions: This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests there may be value in providing CAP to infants with high-grade HN; however, due to the very low-quality data from non-randomized studies, important clinical variables, such as circumcision status, were unable to be assessed.
Influence of structure properties on protein–protein interactions—QSAR modeling of changes in diffusion coefficients
Authors: Bauer Katharina Christin , Hämmerling Frank , Kittelmann Jörg , Dürr Cathrin , Görlich Fabian , Hubbuch Jürgen 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTInformation about protein–protein interactions provides valuable knowledge about the phase behavior of protein solutions during the biopharmaceutical production process. Up to date it is possible to capture their overall impact by an experimentally determined potential of mean force. For the description of this potential, the second virial coefficient , the diffusion interaction parameter , the storage modulus , or the diffusion coefficient is applied. In silico methods do not only have the potential to predict these parameters, but also to provide deeper understanding of the molecular origin of the protein–protein interactions by correlating the data to the protein's three‐dimensional structure. This methodology furthermore allows a lower sample consumption and less experimental effort. Of all in silico methods, QSAR modeling, which correlates the properties of the molecule's structure with the experimental behavior, seems to be particularly suitable for this purpose. To verify this, the study reported here dealt with the determination of a QSAR model for the diffusion coefficient of proteins. This model consisted of diffusion coefficients for six different model proteins at various pH values and NaCl concentrations. The generated QSAR model showed a good correlation between experimental and predicted data with a coefficient of determination  = 0.9 and a good predictability for an external test set with  = 0.91. The information about the properties affecting protein–protein interactions present in solution was in agreement with experiment and theory. Furthermore, the model was able to give a more detailed picture of the protein properties influencing the diffusion coefficient and the acting protein–protein interactions. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 821–831. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Immunotherapy against metastatic bladder cancer by combined administration of granulocyte macrophage‐colony stimulating factor and interleukin‐2 surface modified MB49 bladder cancer stem cells vaccine
Authors: Wang Chun‐yan , Hua Rui , Liu Li , Zhan Xiaomin , Chen Simei , Quan Song , Chu Qing‐jun , Zhu Yong‐tong 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn previous studies, it has been shown that the granulocyte macrophage‐colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) or interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) surface modified MB49 bladder cancer stem cells (MCSCs) vaccine could induce a specific antitumor immunity and against bladder cancer in mice model respectively. However, whether combined administration of GM‐CSF and IL‐2 could produce specific immune responses to cancer stem cells (CSCs) was uncertain. MCSCs were established and characterized. GM‐CSF and IL‐2 MCSCs vaccines were prepared and bioactivity was evaluated. The therapeutic, protective, specific, and memorial immune response animal experiments were designed. Tumor‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes assay, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry assay were performed to indentify whether vaccine caused an antitumor immunity. Streptavidin (SA)‐GM‐CSF and SA‐IL‐2 MCSCs vaccines were prepared successfully. Such vaccines inhibited the volume of tumor and prolonged the survival of the mice in animal experiments. The express of IgG or IFN‐c, the portion of dendritic cells, CD8+ and CD4+ T cells were highest in the combined vaccines group than the SA‐GM‐CSF vaccine group, the SA‐IL‐2 vaccine group, the MCSCs group and the PBS group. The combined of GM‐CSF and IL‐2 vaccines could induce better antitumor immunity than a vaccine alone.
Pyranochromones from Dictyoloma vandellianum A. Juss and Their Cytotoxic Evaluation
Authors: Alves Iura M. , Abreu Lucas S. , Costa Cinara O. S. , Le Hyaric Mireille , Guedes Maria Lenise S. , Soares Milena B. P. , Bezerra Daniel P. , Velozo Eudes S. 
Published: February 2017

One new chromone 3,3‐dimethylallylspatheliachromene methyl ether (1), as well as five known chromones, 6‐(3‐methylbut‐2‐enyl) allopteroxylin methyl ether (2), 6‐(3‐methylbut‐2‐enyl) allopteroxylin (3), 3,3‐dimethylallylspatheliachromene (4), 5‐O‐methylcneorumchromone K (5) and spatheliabischromene (6), two alkaloids, 8‐methoxy‐N‐methylflindersine (7) and 8‐methoxyflindersine (8), and two limonoids, limonin diosphenol (9) and rutaevin (10), were isolated from Dictyoloma vandellianum A. Juss (Rutaceae). Cytotoxic activities towards tumor cell lines B16‐F10, HepG2, K562 and HL60 and non‐tumor cells PBMC were evaluated for compounds 1 – 6. Compound 1 was the most active showing IC50 values ranging from 6.26 to 14.82 μg/ml in B16‐F10 and K562 cell lines, respectively, and presented IC50 value of 11.65 μg/ml in PBMC cell line.
Carbonic Anhydrase and Urease Inhibitory Potential of Various Plant Phenolics Using in vitro and in silico Methods
Authors: Rauf Abdur , Raza Muslim , Saleem Muhammad , Ozgen Ufuk , Karaoglan Esen Sezen , Renda Gulin , Palaska Erhan , Orhan Ilkay Erdogan 
Published: February 2017

Plant phenolics are known to display many pharmacological activities. In the current study, eight phenolic compounds, e.g., luteolin 5‐O‐β‐glucoside (1), methyl rosmarinate (2), apigenin (3), vicenin 2 (4), lithospermic acid (5), soyasaponin II (6), rubiadin 3‐O‐β‐primeveroside (7), and 4‐(β‐d‐glucopyranosyloxy)benzyl 3,4‐dihydroxybenzoate (8), isolated from various plant species were tested at 0.2 mm against carbonic anhydrase‐II (CA‐II) and urease using microtiter assays. Urease inhibition rate for compounds 1 – 8 ranged between 5.0 – 41.7%, while only compounds 1, 2, and 4 showed a considerable inhibition over 50% against CA‐II with the IC50 values of 73.5 ± 1.05, 39.5 ± 1.14, and 104.5 ± 2.50 μm, respectively, where IC50 of the reference (acetazolamide) was 21.0 ± 0.12 μm. In silico experiments were also performed through two docking softwares (Autodock Vina and i‐GEMDOCK) in order to find out interactions between the compounds and CA‐II. Actually, compounds 6 (30.0%) and 7 (42.0%) possessed a better binding capability toward the active site of CA‐II. According to our results obtained in this study, among the phenolic compounds screened, particularly 1, 2, and 4 appear to be the promising inhibitors of CA‐II and may be further investigated as possible leads for diuretic, anti‐glaucoma, and antiepileptic agents.
Heparanase 1 involvement in prostate physiopathology
Authors: Barbosa Guilherme O. , Cervigne Nilva K. , Carvalho Hernandes F. , Augusto Taize M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe prostate is a compound exocrine gland of the male reproductive tract universally present in mammals. It is highly responsive to androgen and can be committed by a variety of pathological complications as prostatitis, benign, and malignant proliferative changes, which may be intensified by aging. Prostate intensively turnover its extracellular matrix (ECM) either at homeostasis or disease which includes a dynamically change of glycosaminoglycan composition during the life of an individual. Among the different enzymes playing a role in such changes, heparanase‐1 is responsible for cleaving heparan sulfate (HS) at a limited number of sites, clearly involved in tissue remodeling. Its activity has been strongly implicated in cell invasion associated with cancer metastasis, a consequence of the structural modification that loosens the ECM barrier. In the present review we focuses in some aspects of the prostate physiology and diseases, particular prostate cancer, evidencing how the HPSE‐1 activity encompasses the relationship of both processes.
Unexpected Activity for Glycerol Electro‐Oxidation of Nanostructured Pd−Pt and Pd−Pt−Ru Catalysts
Authors: Garcia Amanda Cristina , Morais Claudia , Napporn Teko. W. , Kokoh K. Boniface , Tremiliosi‐Filho Germano 
Published: February 2017

AbstractRuthenium‐modified palladium/platinum bimetallic materials were synthesized at nanoscale by using the formic acid method. This soft and surfactant‐less chemical approach led to a trimetallic catalyst (Pd25Pt25Ru50/C) that displayed excellent ability toward glycerol oxidation and also a favorable capacity for CO oxidation, as a probing molecule. In the case of glycerol, the main oxidation peak shifted remarkably from 500 mV towards lower electrode potentials. From cyclic voltammetry combined with in situ infrared spectroscopy experiments, our findings provided evidence of weakly adsorbed carbonaceous species on the trimetallic electrode, probably owing to the ligand effect.
Conditions of microvessel occlusion for blood coagulation in flow
Authors: Bouchnita A. , Galochkina T. , Kurbatova P. , Nony P. , Volpert V. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractVessel occlusion is a perturbation of blood flow inside a blood vessel because of the fibrin clot formation. As a result, blood circulation in the vessel can be slowed down or even stopped. This can provoke the risk of cardiovascular events. In order to explore this phenomenon, we used a previously developed mathematical model of blood clotting to describe the concentrations of blood factors with a reaction‐diffusion system of equations. The Navier‐Stokes equations were used to model blood flow, and we treated the clot as a porous medium. We identify the conditions of partial or complete occlusion in a small vessel depending on various physical and physiological parameters. In particular, we were interested in the conditions on blood flow and diameter of the wounded area. The existence of a critical flow velocity separating the regimes of partial and complete occlusion was demonstrated through the mathematical investigation of a simplified model of thrombin wave propagation in Poiseuille flow. We observed different regimes of vessel occlusion depending on the model parameters both for the numerical simulations and in the theoretical study. Then, we compared the rate of clot growth in flow obtained in the simulations with experimental data. Both of them showed the existence of different regimes of clot growth depending on the velocity of blood flow.
Generation of Singlet Oxygen by Persistent Luminescent Nanoparticle–Photosensitizer Conjugates: A Proof of Principle for Photodynamic Therapy without Light
Authors: Ozdemir Tugba , Lu Yu‐Chen , Kolemen Safacan , Tanriverdi‐Ecik Esra , Akkaya Engin U. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe broader application of photodynamic therapy as a treatment procedure for cancer is hampered by the limited penetration of light through mammalian tissues. Since the photosensitized generation of cytotoxic singlet oxygen requires effective excitation of the tumor‐localized photosensitizer, photodynamic action can only be guaranteed for the first few millimeters of the irradiated tissues. In this work, we demonstrated that the phenomenon of persistent luminescence, that is, delayed emission from certain metal‐ion excited states (with crystal defects acting as energy traps), can provide an alternative excitation possibility. Thus, persistent luminescent nanoparticles functionalized by FRET‐matching Bodipy sensitizers (FRET=Förster resonance energy transfer) were excited in situ before administration into a cell culture or an organism. It was found that this system continues to produce singlet oxygen regardless of their location and without any need for continuous photonic excitation.
A Study on Cell Body Model for Highly Integrated Circuits
Authors: OKUYAMA ATSUSHI , SAEKI KATSUTOSHI , SEKINE YOSHIFUMI 
Published: February 2017

SUMMARYA number of recent studies on neural networks (NNs) have been conducted with the purpose of applying engineering to the brain function. One approach which focuses on the dynamics of the living organism, various Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) has been proposed. However, the NN of a living body is very large in scale. Therefore, when we analyze the dynamics using the hardware NN model, the number of devices and the circuit size should be smaller. In this paper, we aim to reduce the area of a cell body model, and look into the cell body model made up of only NMOS. As a result, it is clearly shown that the packaging density of the proposed model can reduce the size of a traditional model by more than half.
Context‐dependent individual behavioral consistency in Daphnia
Authors: Heuschele Jan , Ekvall Mikael T. , Bianco Giuseppe , Hylander Samuel , Hansson Lars‐Anders 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe understanding of consistent individual differences in behavior, often termed “personality,” for adapting and coping with threats and novel environmental conditions has advanced considerably during the last decade. However, advancements are almost exclusively associated with higher‐order animals, whereas studies focusing on smaller aquatic organisms are still rare. Here, we show individual differences in the swimming behavior of Daphnia magna, a clonal freshwater invertebrate, before, during, and after being exposed to a lethal threat, ultraviolet radiation (UVR). We show consistency in swimming velocity among both mothers and daughters of D. magna in a neutral environment, whereas this pattern breaks down when exposed to UVR. Our study also, for the first time, illustrates how the ontogenetic development in swimming and refuge‐seeking behavior of young individuals eventually approaches that of adults. Overall, we show that aquatic invertebrates are far from being identical robots, but instead they show considerable individual differences in behavior that can be attributed to both ontogenetic development and individual consistency. Our study also demonstrates, for the first time, that behavioral consistency and repeatability, that is, something resembling “personality,” is context and state dependent in this zooplankter taxa.
Accuracy of a Classical Test Theory–Based Procedure for Estimating the Reliability of a Multistage Test
Authors: Kim Sooyeon , Livingston Samuel A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this simulation study was to assess the accuracy of a classical test theory (CTT)–based procedure for estimating the alternate‐forms reliability of scores on a multistage test (MST) having 3 stages. We generated item difficulty and discrimination parameters for 10 parallel, nonoverlapping forms of the complete 3‐stage test and ability parameters for a population of 30,000 simulated test takers. Using these parameters to generate item responses, we ran each of the 30,000 simulated test takers through each of the 10 simulated forms of the 3‐stage test and computed the correlation of the scores on each pair of simulated test forms. We then computed the CTT estimate of the reliability, in the full population of 30,000 simulated test takers, of the total scaled scores resulting from the multistage testing procedure. We computed the estimate separately from the simulated responses to each of the 10 simulated forms of the 3‐stage test. The reliability estimates from each simulated form of the MST differed by less than .005 from the average of the correlations between scores on that form and on the other 9 simulated forms of the MST.