bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of robot‐assisted and open partial nephrectomy for completely endophytic renal tumours: a single centre experience
Authors: Kara Onder , Maurice Matthew J. , Malkoc Ercan , Ramirez Daniel , Nelson Ryan J. , Caputo Peter A. , Stein Robert J. , Kaouk Jihad H. 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveTo compare outcomes between robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) and open PN (OPN) for completely endophytic renal tumours.Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 1 230 consecutive cases, consisting of 823 RAPNs and 407 OPNs, performed for renal mass at a single academic tertiary centre between 2011 and 2016. Of these, data on 87 RAPN and 56 OPN cases for completely endophytic renal tumours were analysed. Patient and tumour characteristics, operative, postoperative, functional, and oncological outcomes were compared between groups.ResultsApart from a higher prevalence of solitary kidney among OPN cases (RAPN, 5.7% vs OPN, 21.4%; P = 0.005), demographic characteristics were similar between the groups. There were no statistically significant differences in tumour size (P = 0.07), tumour stage (P = 0.3), margin status (P = 0.48), malignant tumour subtypes (P = 0.51), and grades (P = 0.61) between the groups. Also, there were no statistically significant differences among the groups for warm ischaemia time (P = 0.15), cold ischaemia time (P = 0.28), and intraoperative (P = 0.75) or postoperative (Clavien–Dindo Grade I–V, P = 0.08; Clavien–Dindo Grade III–V, P = 0.85) complication rates. The patients in the RAPN group had a shorter length of stay (P < 0.001), less estimated blood loss (P < 0.001), and lower intraoperative transfusion rates (0% vs 7.1%, P = 0.02). No local recurrences occurred during a median (interquartile range) follow‐up of 15.2 (7–27.2) and 18.1 (8.2–30.9) months in the RAPN and OPN groups, respectively. There was no difference in estimated glomerular filtration rate preservation rates between groups for the early (P = 0.26) and latest (P = 0.22) functional follow‐up.ConclusionFor completely endophytic renal tumours, both OPN and RAPN have excellent outcomes when performed by experienced surgeons at a high‐volume centre. For skilled robotic surgeons, RAPN is a safe and effective alternative to OPN with the advantages of shorter length of stay and less blood loss.
Psychometric assessment of the short‐form Child Perceptions Questionnaire: an international collaborative study
Authors: Thomson W.M. , Foster Page L.A. , Robinson P.G. , Do L.G. , Traebert J. , Mohamed A.R. , Turton B.J. , McGrath C. , Bekes K. , Hirsch C. , del Carmen Aguilar‐Diaz F. , Marshman Z. , Benson P.E. , Baker S.R. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the factor structure and other psychometric characteristics of the most commonly used child oral‐health‐related quality‐of‐life (OHRQoL) measure (the 16‐item short‐form CPQ11‐14) in a large number of children (N = 5804) from different settings and who had a range of caries experience and associated impacts.MethodsSecondary data analyses used subnational epidemiological samples of 11‐ to 14‐year‐olds in Australia (N = 372), New Zealand (three samples: 352, 202, 429), Brunei (423), Cambodia (244), Hong Kong (542), Malaysia (439), Thailand (220, 325), England (88, 374), Germany (1055), Mexico (335) and Brazil (404). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the factor structure of the CPQ11‐14 across the combined sample and within four regions (Australia/NZ, Asia, UK/Europe and Latin America). Item impact and internal reliability analysis were also conducted.ResultsCaries experience varied, with mean DMFT scores ranging from 0.5 in the Malaysian sample to 3.4 in one New Zealand sample. Even more variation was noted in the proportion reporting only fair or poor oral health; this was highest in the Cambodian and Mexican samples and lowest in the German sample and one New Zealand sample. One in 10 reported that their oral health had a marked impact on their life overall. The CFA across all samples revealed two factors with eigenvalues greater than 1. The first involved all items in the oral symptoms and functional limitations subscales; the second involved all emotional well‐being and social well‐being items. The first was designated the ‘symptoms/function’ subscale, and the second was designated the ‘well‐being’ subscale. Cronbach's alpha scores were 0.72 and 0.84, respectively. The symptoms/function subscale contained more of the items with greater impact, with the item ‘Food stuck in between your teeth’ having greatest impact; in the well‐being subscale, the ‘Felt shy or embarrassed’ item had the greatest impact. Repeating the analyses by world region gave similar findings.ConclusionThe CPQ11‐14 performed well cross‐sectionally in the largest analysis of the scale in the literature to date, with robust and mostly consistent psychometric characteristics, albeit with two underlying factors (rather than the originally hypothesized four‐factor structure). It appears to be a sound, robust measure which should be useful for research, practice and policy.
Combining geodiversity with climate and topography to account for threatened species richness
Authors: Tukiainen Helena , Bailey Joseph J. , Field Richard , Kangas Katja , Hjort Jan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractUnderstanding threatened species diversity is important for long‐term conservation planning. Geodiversity—the diversity of Earth surface materials, forms, and processes—may be a useful biodiversity surrogate for conservation and have conservation value itself. Geodiversity and species richness relationships have been demonstrated; establishing whether geodiversity relates to threatened species’ diversity and distribution pattern is a logical next step for conservation. We used 4 geodiversity variables (rock‐type and soil‐type richness, geomorphological diversity, and hydrological feature diversity) and 4 climatic and topographic variables to model threatened species diversity across 31 of Finland's national parks. We also analyzed rarity‐weighted richness (a measure of site complementarity) of threatened vascular plants, fungi, bryophytes, and all species combined. Our 1‐km2 resolution data set included 271 threatened species from 16 major taxa. We modeled threatened species richness (raw and rarity weighted) with boosted regression trees. Climatic variables, especially the annual temperature sum above 5 °C, dominated our models, which is consistent with the critical role of temperature in this boreal environment. Geodiversity added significant explanatory power. High geodiversity values were consistently associated with high threatened species richness across taxa. The combined effect of geodiversity variables was even more pronounced in the rarity‐weighted richness analyses (except for fungi) than in those for species richness. Geodiversity measures correlated most strongly with species richness (raw and rarity weighted) of threatened vascular plants and bryophytes and were weakest for molluscs, lichens, and mammals. Although simple measures of topography improve biodiversity modeling, our results suggest that geodiversity data relating to geology, landforms, and hydrology are also worth including. This reinforces recent arguments that conserving nature's stage is an important principle in conservation.
Quantitative analysis of COH fluids synthesized at HP–HT conditions: an optimized methodology to measure volatiles in experimental capsules
Authors: Tiraboschi C. , Tumiati S. , Recchia S. , Miozzi F. , Poli S. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe quantitative assessment of COH fluids is crucial in modeling geological processes. The composition of fluids, and in particular their H2O/CO2 ratio, can influence the melting temperatures, the location of hydration or carbonation reactions, and the solute transport capability in several rock systems. In the scientific literature, COH fluids speciation has been generally assumed on the basis of thermodynamic calculations using equations of state of simple H2O–nonpolar gas systems (e.g., H2O–CO2–CH4). Only few authors dealt with the experimental determination of high‐pressure COH fluid species at different conditions, using diverse experimental and analytical approaches (e.g., piston cylinder + capsule piercing + gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; cold seal + silica glass capsules + Raman). In this contribution, we present a new methodology for the synthesis and the analysis of COH fluids in experimental capsules, which allows the quantitative determination of volatiles in the fluid by means of a capsule‐piercing device connected to a quadrupole mass spectrometer. COH fluids are synthesized starting from oxalic acid dihydrate at P = amb and T = 250°C in single capsules heated in a furnace, and at P = 1 GPa and T = 800°C using a piston‐cylinder apparatus and the double‐capsule technique to control the redox conditions employing the rhenium–rhenium oxide oxygen buffer. A quantitative analysis of H2O, CO2, CH4, CO, H2, O2, and N2 along with associated statistical errors is obtained by linear regression of the m/z data of the sample and of standard gas mixtures of known composition. The estimated uncertainties are typically <1% for H2O and CO2, and <5% for CO. Our results suggest that the COH fluid speciation is preserved during and after quench, as the experimental data closely mimic the thermodynamic model both in terms of bulk composition and fluid speciation.
Seeking the Passionate Career: First‐in‐Family Enabling Students and the Idea of the Australian University
Authors: May Josephine , Delahunty Janine , O'Shea Sarah , Stone Cathy 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis paper examines the idea of the university from the first‐in‐family enabling students’ perspective. It provides an overview of the current crisis of meaning in scholarly commentary that points to a spectrum of meanings about the university. This spectrum ranges from the ancient imaginary of the monastic university as ‘ivory tower’ to the instrumental idea of the entrepreneurial university. The analysis then reports on the idea of the university in over 40 interviews and surveys of first‐in‐family enabling students who attended two large regional Australian universities in 2014. Their metaphorical understandings of the university constitute a powerful imaginary about what a university is and can do for individuals and the wider society. For many, the resolution of the individualistic passion for knowledge of ‘ivory tower’ studies and the commitment to the social and economic usefulness of the fully engaged entrepreneurial university can be found in the pursuit of the passionate career.
Conversion of Indigenous People in the Peruvian Andes: Politics and Historical Understanding
Authors: Ramos Gabriela 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHistorical and anthropological approaches to conversion in the Andes have often been influenced by political attitudes toward the effects of Spanish colonialism, both in the Andean past and in contemporary society. The importance of religious conversion in the colonization of the Andean region and the crucial place religion has in its culture explained the continued interest in the subject.However, conversion has not been explicitly considered as a conceptual problem. The absence of a discussion, though, does not mean that scholars have pursued their research without prior ideas of what conversion is. Some implicit notion is present, even in the most descriptive of accounts. Yet in reviewing the literature, it is difficult to identify proper debates.This essay studies changing understandings of conversion in Andean historiography. The review of the literature goes as far back as the time when conversion was seen as a civilizing endeavor. The essay then discusses the widely accepted ideas of syncretism and resistance to investigate conversion and then moves on to the study of conversion as a crucial theme in Andean cultural history. A related viewpoint is the approach that sees conversion as world building. Throughout, the essay examines how politics appear to define different approaches to this phenomenon.
Adverse bone health and abnormal bone turnover among perinatally HIV‐infected Asian adolescents with virological suppression
Authors: Sudjaritruk T , Bunupuradah T , Aurpibul L , Kosalaraksa P , Kurniati N , Prasitsuebsai W , Sophonphan J , Sohn AH , Ananworanich J , Puthanakit T ,   the Bone‐D Study Group
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the prevalence of low bone mass and assess its relationship with abnormal bone turnover among HIV‐infected Asian adolescents.MethodsA multicentre, cross‐sectional study was conducted at four paediatric HIV centres in Thailand and Indonesia. Perinatally HIV‐infected adolescents aged 10–18 years receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) with virological suppression (HIV RNA < 400 copies/mL) were enrolled. Study assessments included lumbar spine (L2−L4) dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and measurement of bone turnover markers. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) Z‐scores were calculated based on Thai normative age‐ and sex‐matched references. Low bone mass was defined as BMD or BMAD Z‐scores ≤ −2.ResultsOf 396 participants, 57% were female. The median age was 15.0 [interquartile range (IQR) 13.3–16.9] years, and 73% were in Tanner stage 3−5. At enrolment, the median CD4 T‐cell count was 734 (IQR 581–907) cells/μL, and 37% were on protease inhibitor (PI)‐based regimens. The overall prevalence of lumbar spine BMD and BMAD Z‐scores ≤ −2 were 16.4% and 8.3%, respectively. Z‐scores were lower with older age, female sex, body mass index (BMI) <5th percentile, boosted PI exposure and CD4 T‐cell percentage < 15% before ART initiation. Increased bone turnover markers were inversely associated with BMD and BMAD Z‐scores.ConclusionsLow bone mass was linked to older age, female sex, low BMI, boosted PI exposure, and poor immunological status before ART commencement in our cohort of perinatally HIV‐infected Asian adolescents. Dysregulation of bone turnover was associated with bone demineralization. Screening for low bone mass should be implemented to identify individuals who might benefit from interventions to preserve bone health.
Occupational segregation by hours of work in Europe
Authors: SPARREBOOM Theo 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis article quantifies the levels of occupational segregation between part‐time and full‐time work using data from the European Labour Force Survey for 15 European countries. It also attempts to identify some of the determinants of segregation through regression analysis using three groups of indicators (quantity of employment, quality of employment and institutional factors). Occupational segregation by hours of work is generally higher for males than for females and is also higher for young workers versus adult workers. It is also found that segregation for men is correlated with the quantity of employment, while variables from all three groups of indicators are important for adult women and young workers.
Candida albicans colonisation, continence status and incontinence‐associated dermatitis in the acute care setting: a pilot study
Authors: Campbell Jill L , Coyer Fiona M , Mudge Alison M , Robertson Ivan M , Osborne Sonya R 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCandida albicans is the most prevalent human fungal commensal organism and is reported to be the most frequent aetiological organism responsible for infection associated with incontinence‐associated dermatitis. However, it remains unclear whether incontinence predisposes a patient to increased Candida colonisation or whether incontinence acts as a trigger for Candida infection in those already colonised. The purpose of this observational cross‐sectional study was to estimate colonisation rates of C. albicans in continent, compared to incontinent patients, and patients with incontinence‐associated dermatitis. Data were collected on 81 inpatients of a major Australian hospital and included a pelvic skin inspection and microbiological specimens to detect C. Albicans at hospital admission. The mean age of the sample was 76 years (SD = 12.22) with 53% being male. Incontinent participants (n = 53) had a non‐significant trend towards greater Candida colonisation rates at the perianal site (43% versus 28%) χ2(1, N = 81) = 4·453, p = ·638 and the inguinal site (24% versus 14%) χ2(1, N = 81) = 6·868, p = ·258 compared to continent patients (n = 28). The incontinent subgroup with incontinence‐associated dermatitis (n = 22) showed no difference in colonisation rates compared to those without incontinence‐associated dermatitis. Understanding the epidemiology of colonisation may have implications for the prevention of Candida infection in these patients.
Brexit: Surname Diversity and Voting Patterns
Authors: Borja Mario Cortina , Stander Julian , Valle Luciana Dalla 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMario Cortina Borja, Julian Stander and Luciana Dalla Valle examine associations between the results of the EU referendum and the prevalence of unique surnames across the UKMario Cortina Borja, Julian Stander and Luciana Dalla Valle examine associations between the results of the EU referendum and surname diversity
Treatment of periodontal intrabony defects using autologous platelet‐rich fibrin and titanium platelet‐rich fibrin: a randomized, clinical, comparative study
Authors: Chatterjee Anirban , Pradeep Avani R. , Garg Vibhuti , Yajamanya Shravanthi , Ali Mohammed M. , Priya V. Sneha 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of open flap debridement (OFD) alone and OFD with either autologous platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) or titanium PRF (TPRF) in the treatment of intrabony defects (IBD).MethodsThe study was conducted on patients reporting to the Department of Periodontics, The Oxford Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore, India. Thirty‐eight patients with 90 periodontal IBD of moderate–severe periodontitis were selected and assigned to the OFD alone group (group I), the OFD with autologous PRF group (group II), or the OFD with TPRF group (group III). In each patient, a minimum number of two sextants were present, with probing pocket depths (PPD) ≥5 mm in at least three teeth.ResultsAt 9 months’ postoperatively, upon comparing the PPD reduction, defect depth reduction, and clinical attachment level gains, it was noted that groups II and III showed statistically‐significant improvements compared with group I, but no statistically‐significant difference was noted between groups II and III.ConclusionThe present study demonstrated that marked improvements in the clinical parameters and radiographic outcomes were noted with both autologous PRF and TPRF in the treatment of IBD.
Influence of Fixture Thread Exposure on Marginal Bone Level Around Different Implant Systems: A Preliminary Study in Dogs
Authors: Choi Bohm , Yoon Hyun‐Joong , Ha Won‐Suk , Park Young‐Min 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the influence of implant neck structures on marginal bone loss around intentionally exposed implant fixtures by histomorphometric analysis.Materials and methodsTwenty‐four implants representing 3 implant systems were placed in three dogs; an implant system with SLA surface without microthreads (group A); one with SLA + calcium surface without microthreads (group B); and one with SLA surface with microthreads (group C). The histomorphometric analyses for vertical defect length (VDL), infrabony defect height (IDH), and defect depth (DD) were performed at the buccal and lingual sides of each fixture.ResultsThe VDL was lower in group A relative to groups B and C on the buccal and lingual sides. The IDH and DD were higher in group A than group C on the buccal and lingual sides; however, no statistically significant differences were noted between the groups in VDL, IDH, and DD on the buccal and lingual sides of the fixtures.ConclusionsIn this preliminary study, marginal bone resorption pattern in the canine mandible varied according to the neck design of each implant fixture. Further studies with larger sample size are needed to confirm the effect of microthreads and surface roughness on the marginal bone loss at the exposed implant fixture.
Pharmacokinetics of butafosfan after intravenous and intramuscular administration in piglets
Authors: Sun F. , Wang J. , Yang S. , Zhang S. , Shen J. , Xingyuan C. 
Published: August 2016

The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of butafosfan in piglets were investigated following intravenous and intramuscular administration at a single dose of 10 mg/kg body weight. Plasma concentration–time data and relevant parameters were best described by noncompartmental analysis after intravenous and intramuscular injection. The data were analyzed through WinNolin 6.3 software. After intravenous administration, the mean pharmacokinetic parameters were determined as T1/2λz of 3.30 h, Cl of 0.16 L kg/h, AUC of 64.49 ± 15.07 μg h/mL, Vss of 0.81 ± 0.44/kg, and MRT of 1.51 ± 0.27 h. Following intramuscular administration, the Cmax (28.11 μg/mL) was achieved at Tmax (0.31 h) with an absolute availability of 74.69%. Other major parameters including AUC and MRT were 48.29 ± 21.67 μg h/mL and 1.74 ± 0.29 h, respectively.
Temporal shifts in the interaction between woody resprouters and an obligate seeder tree during a post‐fire succession in Patagonia
Authors: Landesmann Jennifer B. , Gowda Juan H. , Kitzberger Thomas 
Published: August 2016

AbstractQuestionThe study of temporal variation of plant–plant interactions has received little attention despite its importance in community dynamics. Successional processes triggered by disturbances such as fire may be determined by changes in key interactions between dominant woody plants. Taking advantage of a 95‐yr‐old post‐fire natural experiment we assessed temporal shifts in post‐fire interactions between woody resprouters and the obligate seeder tree Austrocedrus chilensis. We hypothesized that during the initial post‐fire period, resprouters may facilitate A. chilensis trees' growth, while at advanced time since fire the interaction between A. chilensis trees and resprouters may turn to competition.LocationNorthwestern Río Negro province, Patagonia, Argentina.MethodsWe selected pairs of A. chilensis trees and woody resprouters growing 80 cm apart (growing in association) and both A. chilensis trees and resprouters growing at more than 3 m apart from any individual (controls). We cored all individuals, measured ring widths and calculated basal area increment (BAI) and the relative interaction index (RII).ResultsDuring mid‐early stages of post‐fire succession, A. chilensis trees' BAI was suppressed for at least 15 yr when growing in association with resprouters, and accordingly displayed a negative RII. Strikingly, during the same period, resprouters associated with A. chilensis trees showed higher BAI than control resprouters, and a positive RII. At advanced time since fire, RII showed a neutral interaction, and according to model estimations, the BAI of A. chilensis trees in association may eventually exceed control BAI whereas resprouters' BAI in association may decline earlier than that of the controls. Interestingly, A. chilensis trees and resprouters' growth was less correlated with climate when growing in association than when growing in isolation.ConclusionsCompetition of resprouters over A. chilensis treess' growth during intermediate post‐fire stages may be slowing the successional process. However, the association appears to be at the same time mutually beneficial as it buffers against adverse climatic conditions. Studying how plant growth varies along the succession is essential to understand community functioning and to predict possible alterations associated with changes in disturbance regimes due to climate change.