bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teilzeitväter? Deutschland, Schweden, Irland und die Niederlande im Vergleich
Authors: Hipp Lena , Molitor Friederike , Leschke Janine , Bekker Sonja 
Published: April 2017

In the current discussions on combining work and family life, the idea of shorter working hours for fathers is becoming ever more popular. Although the proportion of part-time working men has somewhat increased in the last few years, parttime employment has been largely studied for women and mothers. Much less is known about men’s, and particularly fathers’, part-time employment. This study seeks to fill this gap by analysing part-time work among fathers in Germany, Sweden, Ireland, and the Netherlands using data from the European Labour Force Survey (LFS) from the year 2014. We show that fathers’ lower earning capacity within couples is not associated with a higher probability of working part-time in any of the four countries. Irrespective of the occupational status differences within couples, fathers in Germany and Ireland with three or more children are more likely to work part-time than fathers with fewer children; moreover, in both countries, married fathers are less likely to work part-time than unmarried fathers. While fathers of small children in the Netherlands are more likely to work part-time if they have a lower occupational status than their female partners, these fathers are less likely to work part-time in Ireland.
Zusammenfassung
In der aktuellen Debatte um eine verbesserte Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf geht es zunehmend auch um kürzere Arbeitszeiten von Vätern. Trotz eines leichten Anstiegs teilzeitarbeitender Männer in den letzten Jahren hat sich die sozialwissenschaftliche Forschung bislang vornehmlich mit Teilzeitarbeit von Frauen beschäftigt. Erkenntnisse darüber, unter welchen Bedingungen Männer, insbesondere Väter, Teilzeit arbeiten, gibt es kaum. Unsere Studie will zur Schließung dieser Forschungslücke mittels einer Analyse von Individualdaten der Europäischen Arbeitskräfteerhebung (EU AKE) für Deutschland, Schweden, Irland und die Niederlande aus dem Jahr 2014 beitragen. Wir können zeigen, dass Väter, die gleiche oder geringere Verdienstmöglichkeiten als ihre Partnerinnen haben, in keinem der Länder mit einer höheren Wahrscheinlichkeit Teilzeit arbeiten als Väter mit höheren Verdienstmöglichkeiten. Ungeachtet beruflicher Statusunterschiede innerhalb der Paarbeziehung arbeiten Väter mit drei oder mehr Kindern in Deutschland und Irland eher in Teilzeit; außerdem arbeiten verheiratete Väter in beiden Ländern seltener in Teilzeit als unverheiratete. Während in den Niederlanden Väter mit geringeren Verdienstmöglichkeiten als ihre Partnerinnen häufiger in Teilzeit arbeiten, wenn ein kleines Kind zu versorgen ist, arbeiten diese Väter in Irland seltener in Teilzeit.
KELT-11b: A Highly Inflated Sub-Saturn Exoplanet Transiting the V = 8 Subgiant HD 93396
Authors: Pepper Joshua , Rodriguez Joseph E. , Collins Karen A. , Johnson John Asher , Fulton Benjamin J. , Howard Andrew W. , Beatty Thomas G. , Stassun Keivan G. , Isaacson Howard , Colón Knicole D. , Lund Michael B. , Kuhn Rudolf B. , Siverd Robert J. , Gaudi B. Scott , Tan T. G. , Curtis Ivan , Stockdale Christopher , Mawet Dimitri , Bottom Michael , James David , Zhou George , Bayliss Daniel , Cargile Phillip , Bieryla Allyson , Penev Kaloyan , Latham David W. , Labadie-Bartz Jonathan , Kielkopf John , Eastman Jason D. , Oberst Thomas E. , Jensen Eric L. N. , Nelson Peter , Sliski David H. , Wittenmyer Robert A. , McCrady Nate , Wright Jason T. , Relles Howard M. , Stevens Daniel J. , Joner Michael D. , Hintz Eric 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
We report the discovery of a transiting exoplanet, KELT-11b, orbiting the bright (V = 8.0) subgiant HD 93396. A global analysis of the system shows that the host star is an evolved subgiant star with

K,

,

,

, and

. The planet is a low-mass gas giant in a P = 4.736529 ± 0.00006 day orbit, with M

P
= 0.195 ± 0.018

,

,

g cm−3, surface gravity

, and equilibrium temperature

K. KELT-11 is the brightest known transiting exoplanet host in the southern hemisphere by more than a magnitude and is the sixth brightest transit host to date. The planet is one of the most inflated planets known, with an exceptionally large atmospheric scale height (2763 km), and an associated size of the expected atmospheric transmission signal of 5.6%. These attributes make the KELT-11 system a valuable target for follow-up and atmospheric characterization, and it promises to become one of the benchmark systems for the study of inflated exoplanets.
Choriocapillaris Changes Imaged by OCT Angiography After Half-Dose Photodynamic Therapy for Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
Authors: Fujita Kyoko , Kawamura Akiyuki , Yuzawa Mitsuko 
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the choriocapillaris using optical coherence tomographic angiography (OCTA) after half-dose verteporfin photodynamic therapy (hd-PDT) for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
We studied six eyes (six patients) with chronic CSC treated by hd-PDT. OCTA was performed before, 1 week after, and 1 month after hd-PDT. The area of flow abnormality at the choriocapillaris level within the PDT spot after hd-PDT was compared with that before hd-PDT.

RESULTS:
Serous retinal detachment was diminished in all eyes, with three achieving complete resolution at 1 month. On OCTA, all eyes showed irregular choriocapillaris flow before hd-PDT. The areas of abnormal flow shrank progressively at 1 month after hd-PDT.

CONCLUSION:
On OCTA, choriocapillaris flow tended to recover at 1 month after hd-PDT. OCTA may be clinically useful for evaluating choriocapillaris and the therapeutic effects of hd-PDT for chronic CSC.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2017;48:302–310.]
PEDIATRIC TUBERCULOSIS IN THE NORTH SARDINIA
Authors: Clemente Maria Grazia , Dore Elena , Abis Lidia , Molicotti Paola , Zanetti Stefania , Olmeo Paolina , Antonucci Roberto 
Published: April 2017

Background and Objectives. Migration flux is an increasing phenomenon in Italy and it raises several public health issues and concerns about pediatric infectious diseases. To investigate pediatric TB in the Northern Sardinia.Design. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of clinical records available for 6 years (2009-2014) at the only referral Center for both symptomatic TB-infected children and TB-exposed household contacts.Results. Two-hundred-forty-six children (mean age = 5.8 ± 3.9 years) were identified, among whom 222 (90.2%) were natives and 24 (9.8%) immigrants. The majority of children (n=205; 83%) were TB-exposed but not infected, because negatives to both TB skin test (TST) and thorax X-ray (TX). Among the TST positive group (n= 39; 16%), 19 (49%) had latent TB infection (TX negative), while 20 (51%) had active TB (TX positive). The percent of TST positive children was significantly higher in the immigrant than native group (42.5% versus 14%, p < 0.001). Clinical presentations were pulmonary involvement with hilar lymphadenopathy (72%), pleurisy (13,5%), latero-cervical lymphadenopathy (9%), pneumonia with calcifications (4.5%) and disseminated TB (4.5%). One child had multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.Conclusion. Pediatric TB represents a relevant and potentially worsening public health problem in Northern Sardinia. A strict surveillance system and appropriate treatment can prevent the most severe forms and reduce TB transmission.
Eccentric Exercise, Kinesiology Tape, and Balance in Healthy Men
Authors: Hosp Simona , Folie Ramona , Csapo Robert , Hasler Michael , Nachbauer Werner 
Published: April 2017

Context:
Deficits in balance have been identified as a possible risk factor for knee injuries in athletes. Despite a lack of evidence for its effectiveness, kinesiology tape (KT) is widely used to prevent knee injuries.

Objective:
To investigate the influence of KT at the knee joint on balance ability in healthy men after eccentric exercise.

Design:
Crossover study.

Setting:
University laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:
Twelve young men with no history of lower limb injury volunteered for the study (age = 23.3 ± 2.6 years). All participants were students enrolled in a sports science program.

Intervention(s):
Participants performed the balance test with and without KT at the knee joint on 2 separate days.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
The ability to maintain balance was assessed during a single-legged–stance test using a computerized balance-stability test system. The test was performed before and after 30 minutes of downhill walking on a treadmill.

Results:
Eccentric exercise resulted in a deterioration of balance ability, which was attenuated by the use of KT. Further analyses revealed that the effectiveness of KT depended on the participant's balance status, with the preventive effect being greater in participants presenting with poorer baseline balance ability.

Conclusions:
Applied to the knee joint, KT counteracted the exercise-related deterioration of balance ability observed when no tape was used. Participants presenting with below-average balance ability received more benefit from KT. By preventing exercise-related impairment of balance ability, KT might help to reduce the risk of sport-associated knee injuries.
Seasonal MLT-region nightglow intensities, temperatures, and emission heights at a Southern Hemisphere midlatitude site
Authors: Reid Iain M. , Spargo Andrew J. , Woithe Jonathan M. , Klekociuk Andrew R. , Younger Joel P. , Sivjee Gulamabas G. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract. We consider 5 years of spectrometer measurements of OH(6–2) and O2(0–1) airglow emission intensities and temperatures made near Adelaide, Australia (35° S, 138° E), between September 2001 and August 2006 and compare them with measurements of the same parameters from at the same site using an airglow imager, with the intensities of the OH(8–3) and O(1S) emissions made with a filter photometer, and with 2 years of Aura MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder) v3.3 temperatures and 4.5 years of TIMED SABER (Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry) v2.0 temperatures for the same site. We also consider whether we can recover the actual emission heights from the intercomparison of the ground-based and satellite observations. We find a significant improvement in the correlation between the spectrometer OH and SABER temperatures by interpolating the latter to constant density surfaces determined using a meteor radar.
Programmed Death Ligand-1 (PD-L1) Expression in the Programmed Death Receptor-1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 Blockade: A Key Player Against Various Cancers
Authors: Guan Jian , Lim Khin Sandar , Mekhail Tarek , Chang Chung-Che 
Published: April 2017

Context.—
Immune checkpoint pathways, including programmed death receptor-1/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) signaling pathway, which are important in mediating self-tolerance and controlling self-damage, can sometimes be manipulated by cancer cells to evade immune surveillance. Recent clinical trials further demonstrate the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1–targeted therapy in various cancers and reveal a new era of cancer immunotherapy.

Objective.—
To review the mechanism of the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway, the regulation of this pathway, PD-1/PD-L1 as a predictive and/or prognostic marker in various cancers, and strategies of measuring PD-L1 expression.

Data Sources.—
Representative medical literature regarding PD-L1 expression in various cancers, including the preliminary results of the Blue Proposal, which compares different immunohistochemical stains for PD-L1 reported in the recent American Association of Cancer Research (AACR) Annual Meeting (April 16–20, 2016).

Conclusion.—
Either PD-1/PD-L1–targeted therapy alone or in combination with other treatment modalities provides benefit for patients with advanced cancers. Because of the complexity of cancer immunity, we still do not have a reliable biomarker to predict the response of PD-1/PD-L1–targeted therapy. Future studies, including methods beyond immunohistochemical stains, are needed to develop reliable biomarker/biomarkers for pathology laboratories to aid in selecting patients who will benefit most from PD-1/PD-L1–targeted therapy.
Serum Bilirubin Concentrations in Patients With Takayasu Arteritis
Authors: Peng You-Fan , Deng Yi-Bin 
Published: April 2017

Context.—
Bilirubin has strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidative stress action. Progression of inflammation involving arteries is a crucial activator in pathogenesis of Takayasu arteritis (TA).

Objective.—
To investigate the relationship between serum bilirubin and TA.

Design.—
Our study involved 115 consecutive TA patients. Patients with active-phase disease were followed and received prednisone therapy.

Results.—
Lower concentrations of serum bilirubin were detected in TA patients compared with healthy subjects (0.6 ± 0.31 versus 0.7 ± 0.22 mg/dL, P = .02). Serum bilirubin concentrations in active TA patients were lower than those in inactive patients (0.5 ± 0.20 versus 0.8 ± 0.32 mg/dL, P &lt; .001). In all patients with TA, serum bilirubin correlated positively with total protein (r = 0.193, P = .04) and negatively with C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r = −0.213, P = .03, and r = −0.532, P &lt; .001, respectively). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that each decrease of 1 mg/dL in serum bilirubin was associated with a 1.10 times increase in the odds for TA compared with the controls (odds ratio = 0.913, 95% CI, 0.856–0.974; P = .006). Serum bilirubin was correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (β = −0.170, P &lt; .001) in multiple linear regression analysis. The area under the curve for serum bilirubin in predicting active TA patients was 0.802. Serum bilirubin levels were found to be significantly increased after prednisone treatment (0.5 ± 0.20 versus 0.7 ± 0.15 mg/dL, P = .002).

Conclusions.—
Lower serum bilirubin levels are associated with TA, and serum bilirubin may be influenced by prednisone therapy in active TA patients. Serum bilirubin levels in TA patients correlate negatively with erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
Point‐of‐Care Lung Sonography: An Audit of 1150 Examinations
Authors: Sferrazza Papa Giuseppe Francesco , Mondoni Michele , Volpicelli Giovanni , Carlucci Paolo , Di Marco Fabiano , Parazzini Elena Maria , Reali Francesca , Pellegrino Giulia Michela , Fracasso Paola , Sferrazza Papa Simone , Colombo Livio , Centanni Stefano 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesPoint‐of‐care lung sonography has theoretical usefulness in numerous diseases; however clinical indications and the impact of this technique have not been fully investigated. We aimed to describe the current use of point‐of‐care lung sonography.MethodsA 2‐year prospective observational study was performed by pulmonologists in an Italian university hospital. Techniques, indications, consequences of lung sonography, and barriers to the examination were analyzed.ResultsA total of 1150 lung sonographic examinations were performed on 951 patients. The most common indications were diagnosis and follow‐up of pleural effusion in 361 cases (31%), evaluation of lung consolidation (322 [28%]), acute heart failure (195 [17%]), guide to pleural procedures (117 [10%]), pneumothorax (54 [5%]) and acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (30 [3%]). The mean duration of the examination ± SD was 6 ± 4 minutes. The transducers most frequently used were convex (746 [65%]) and linear (161 [14%]), whereas in 205 examinations (18%), both transducers were used. According to the judgment of the caring clinician, 51% of the examinations were clinically relevant.ConclusionsPoint‐of‐care lung sonography performed by pulmonologists is quick and feasible and could be widely used for different clinical indications with a potentially high clinical impact. The widespread use of this technique may have a relevant clinical impact in several indications.
Percepção de adolescentes acerca da atividade de vida “exprimir sexualidade” Perception of adolescents about the life activity “express sexuality”
Authors: Beserra Eveline Pinheiro , Sousa Leilane Barbosa , Cardoso Vanessa Peres , Alves Maria Dalva Santos 
Published: April 2017

Objetivo: Analisar a percepção de adolescentes acerca da atividade de vida exprimir sexualidade. Método: Trata-se de pesquisa-ação desenvolvida em uma escola localizada na periferia de Fortaleza, Ceará. Foram selecionados 25 adolescentes para participaram de uma oficina educativa sobre sexualidade. Resultados: Observou-se vulnerabilidade dos adolescentes para gravidez precoce e DST. Verificou-se que, apesar de possuírem conhecimento prévio sobre práticas sexuais seguras, expõem-se a situações de risco. Conclusões: Conclui-se que há necessidade de inserção de atividades na escola que promovam não apenas aquisição de conhecimento, mas, sobretudo atividades de reflexão em busca da conscientização sobre proteção do corpo e prevenção de gravidez indesejada e DST.
Formation of a solid inner core during the accretion of Earth
Authors: Arkani‐Hamed Jafar 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe formation of an inner core during the accretion of Earth is investigated by using self‐gravitating and compressible Earth models formed by accreting a total of 25 or 50 Moon to Mars‐sized planetary embryos. The impact of an embryo heats the proto‐Earth's interior differentially, more below the impact site than elsewhere. The rotating core dynamically overturns and stratifies shortly after each impact, creating a spherically symmetric and radially increasing temperature distribution relative to an adiabatic profile. Merging of an embryo to the proto‐Earth increases the lithostatic pressure that results in compressional temperature increase while further enhances the melting temperature of the core causing solidification. A total of 36 thermal evolution models of the growing proto‐Earth's core are calculated to investigate effects of major physical parameters. No solidification is considered in the first 21 models where modified two‐body escape velocities are used as the impact velocities of the embryos. At the end of accretion, temperatures in the upper part of the core are significantly different among these models, whereas temperatures in the deeper parts are similar. The core solidification considered in the remaining 15 models, where impact velocities higher than the modified two‐body escape velocities are adopted, drastically changes the temperature distribution in the deeper parts of the core. All of the models produce partially solidified stiff inner cores, 1000–2100 km in radius, at the end of accretion, where the solid fraction is larger than 50%. The innermost of the stiff inner cores is completely solidified to radii 250–1500 km.
Compositional variations in sands of the Bagnold Dunes, Gale crater, Mars, from visible‐shortwave infrared spectroscopy and comparison with ground truth from the Curiosity rover
Authors: Lapotre M. G. A. , Ehlmann B. L. , Minson S. E. , Arvidson R. E. , Ayoub F. , Fraeman A. A. , Ewing R. C. , Bridges N. T. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDuring its ascent up Mount Sharp, the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover traversed the Bagnold Dune Field. We model sand modal mineralogy and grain size at four locations near the rover traverse, using orbital shortwave infrared single‐scattering albedo spectra and a Markov chain Monte Carlo implementation of Hapke's radiative transfer theory to fully constrain uncertainties and permitted solutions. These predictions, evaluated against in situ measurements at one site from the Curiosity rover, show that X‐ray diffraction‐measured mineralogy of the basaltic sands is within the 95% confidence interval of model predictions. However, predictions are relatively insensitive to grain size and are nonunique, especially when modeling the composition of minerals with solid solutions. We find an overall basaltic mineralogy and show subtle spatial variations in composition in and around the Bagnold Dunes, consistent with a mafic enrichment of sands with cumulative aeolian‐transport distance by sorting of olivine, pyroxene, and plagioclase grains. Furthermore, the large variations in Fe and Mg abundances (~20 wt %) at the Bagnold Dunes suggest that compositional variability may be enhanced by local mixing of well‐sorted sand with proximal sand sources. Our estimates demonstrate a method for orbital quantification of composition with rigorous uncertainty determination and provide key constraints for interpreting in situ measurements of compositional variability within Martian aeolian sandstones.
Effect of impact velocity and acoustic fluidization on the simple‐to‐complex transition of lunar craters
Authors: Silber Elizabeth A. , Osinski Gordon R. , Johnson Brandon C. , Grieve Richard A. F. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe use numerical modeling to investigate the combined effects of impact velocity and acoustic fluidization on lunar craters in the simple‐to‐complex transition regime. To investigate the full scope of the problem, we employed the two widely adopted Block‐Model of acoustic fluidization scaling assumptions (scaling block size by impactor size and scaling by coupling parameter) and compared their outcomes. Impactor size and velocity were varied, such that large/slow and small/fast impactors would produce craters of the same diameter within a suite of simulations, ranging in diameter from 10 to 26 km, which straddles the simple‐to‐complex crater transition on the Moon. Our study suggests that the transition from simple to complex structures is highly sensitive to the choice of the time decay and viscosity constants in the Block‐Model of acoustic fluidization. Moreover, the combination of impactor size and velocity plays a greater role than previously thought in the morphology of craters in the simple‐to‐complex size range. We propose that scaling of block size by impactor size is an appropriate choice for modeling simple‐to‐complex craters on planetary surfaces, including both varying and constant impact velocities, as the modeling results are more consistent with the observed morphology of lunar craters. This scaling suggests that the simple‐to‐complex transition occurs at a larger crater size, if higher impact velocities are considered, and is consistent with the observation that the simple‐to‐complex transition occurs at larger sizes on Mercury than Mars.
Sensitivity of transpiration to subsurface properties: Exploration with a 1‐D model
Authors: Vrettas Michail D. , Fung Inez Y. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe amount of moisture transpired by vegetation is critically tied to the moisture supply accessible to the root zone. In a Mediterranean climate, integrated evapotranspiration (ET) is typically greater in the dry summer when there is an uninterrupted period of high insolation. We present a 1‐D model to explore the subsurface factors that may sustain ET through the dry season. The model includes a stochastic parameterization of hydraulic conductivity, root water uptake efficiency, and hydraulic redistribution by plant roots. Model experiments vary the precipitation, the magnitude and seasonality of ET demand, as well as rooting profiles and rooting depths of the vegetation. The results show that the amount of subsurface moisture remaining at the end of the wet winter is determined by the competition among abundant precipitation input, fast infiltration, and winter ET demand. The weathered bedrock retains
of the winter rain and provides a substantial moisture reservoir that may sustain ET of deep‐rooted (>8 m) trees through the dry season. A small negative feedback exists in the root zone, where the depletion of moisture by ET decreases hydraulic conductivity and enhances the retention of moisture. Hence, hydraulic redistribution by plant roots is impactful in a dry season, or with a less conductive subsurface. Suggestions for implementing the model in the CESM are discussed.