bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unjust Enrichment in the ‘Fairchild Enclave’ International Energy Group Ltd v Zurich Insurance plc
Authors: Krishnaprasad K. V. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn International Energy Group v Zurich Insurance, the Supreme Court considered the implications of the special rule in Fairchild v Glenhaven Funeral Services Ltd for insurers’ for employers’ liability. The question for the Court was whether, in the light of its earlier decision in Durham v BAI (Run off) Ltd, insurers could be held liable for employees’ mesothelioma claims, even if the employer was not insured throughout the period of employment. The seven Justices unanimously held that insurers’ liability was proportionate to the period of insurance. In reaching that result, the majority recognised that the insurers were entitled to ‘equitable recoupment’ from insured‐employers in respect of periods during which they were uninsured. This note critiques the recoupment right with an unjust enrichment lens.
The Geography of Innovation in China and India
Authors: Crescenzi Riccardo , Rodríguez‐Pose Andrés 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe BRICS countries in general, and China and India in particular, are now widely regarded as the areas of the world likely to challenge the economic leadership of the United States (US) and the European Union (EU). A large part of this challenge will come from rapid technological catch‐up by China and India. Yet, despite a recent rise in interest, there is limited knowledge about how and where innovation takes place in these two leading emerging countries and to what extent the Chinese and Indian territorial systems of innovation differ from those in the EU or the US. In this article we explore the geography of innovation in China and India, concentrating on understanding key territorial‐level innovation trends by country, region and technology field, using the US and the EU as benchmarks. We find significant contrasts between the geography of innovation in China and India and that of the US and the EU. First, the degree of concentration of innovative activities in both countries is extremely high. Levels of agglomeration of innovation in the coastal provinces of China, as well as in Delhi and the South of India, significantly exceed the levels of agglomeration found in the USA and the EU. Secondly, China has witnessed a more rapid increase in the degree of concentration of innovation than India. We posit that the differences in the geography of innovation between, on the one hand, China and India and, on the other hand, between these countries and the developed world are rooted in different institutional settings, different systems of innovation and different national innovation strategies.
Long‐term outcomes of patients with type 2 diabetes attending a multidisciplinary diabetes kidney disease clinic
Authors: Low Serena , Lim Su Chi , Wang Jiexun , Yeoh Lee Ying , Liu Yan Lun , Lim Eng Kuang , Shao Yan Li , Chui Winnie , Fun Sharon , Chua Chin Lian , Subramaniam Tavintharan , Sum Chee Fang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe best model of care to retard diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in the clinic is underexplored. In this study we investigated the long‐term renal outcomes of a joint endocrinologist–nephrologist clinic.MethodsThe present study was a nested case‐control study derived from a cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) seen prospectively at a secondary care diabetes center (DC). Cases (“DKD clinic group”) were patients seen at the CKD clinic after being referred by physicians in DCs for management of DKD. Controls (“non‐DKD clinic group”) were patients from the same DC (i.e. same source population) with the same inclusion criteria of Stages 3–4 chronic kidney disease (CKD) at baseline but not seen at the DKD clinic. The outcome was Stage 5 CKD, defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate <15 mL/min per 1.73 m2.ResultsDuring the median follow‐up period of 3.0 years (interquartile range 1.2–5.1 years), 240 patients (28.7%) reached Stage 5 CKD, with 45.8% and 54.2% of those reaching Stage 5 CKD in the DKD and non‐DKD clinic groups, respectively. Multivariable Cox regression revealed that the DKD clinic group had a lower risk of progressing to Stage 5 CKD (hazard ratio 0.55; 95% confidence interval 0.36–0.83; P = 0.004) compared with the non‐DKD clinic group.ConclusionsMultidisciplinary endocrinology and nephrology care in the DKD clinic is associated with a lower risk of end‐stage renal disease. These findings may inform future management strategies targeted at patients with T2DM and CKD, especially with regard to joint specialist management involving endocrinologists and nephrologists.
FuzzyID2: A software package for large data set species identification via barcoding and metabarcoding using hidden Markov models and fuzzy set methods
Authors: Shi Zhi‐yong , Yang Cai‐qing , Hao Meng‐di , Wang Xiao‐yang , Ward Robert D. , Zhang Ai‐bing 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSpecies identification through DNA barcoding or metabarcoding has become a key approach for biodiversity evaluation and ecological studies. However, the rapid accumulation of barcoding data has created some difficulties: for instance, global enquiries to a large reference library can take a very long time. We here devise a two‐step searching strategy to speed identification procedures of such queries. This firstly uses a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) algorithm to narrow the searching scope to genus level and then determines the corresponding species using minimum genetic distance. Moreover, using a fuzzy membership function, our approach also estimates the credibility of assignment results for each query. To perform this task, we developed a new software pipeline, FuzzyID2, using Python and C++. Performance of the new method was assessed using eight empirical data sets ranging from 70 to 234,535 barcodes. Five data sets (four animal, one plant) deployed the conventional barcode approach, one used metabarcodes, and two were eDNA‐based. The results showed mean accuracies of generic and species identification of 98.60% (with a minimum of 95.00% and a maximum of 100.00%) and 94.17% (with a range of 84.40%–100.00%), respectively. Tests with simulated NGS sequences based on realistic eDNA and metabarcode data demonstrated that FuzzyID2 achieved a significantly higher identification success rate than the commonly used Blast method, and the TIPP method tends to find many fewer species than either FuzztID2 or Blast. Furthermore, data sets with tens of thousands of barcodes need only a few seconds for each query assignment using FuzzyID2. Our approach provides an efficient and accurate species identification protocol for biodiversity‐related projects with large DNA sequence data sets.
Concordance and correlation of activity indices in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in northwestern Colombia: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Restrepo‐Correa Ricardo , Rodríguez‐Padilla Libia M. , Zapata‐Castellanos Aura L. , Ocampo Andrea , García Juan J. , Muñoz‐Grajales Carolina , Pinto‐Peñaranda Luis F. , Márquez‐Hernández Javier D. , Mesa‐Navas Miguel A. , Velásquez‐Franco Carlos J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimTo determine the correlation and concordance between different clinimetric scores in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in two high‐complexity reference centers in northwestern Colombia.MethodA cross‐sectional study in adults diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis was conducted according to the 2010 American College of Rheumatology and European League Against Rheumatism Classification Criteria, between January and June, 2013. The correlation was evaluated using Spearman's correlation coefficient, and concordance with quadratic weighted kappa with the respective confidence intervals, for which patients were classified into different categories of disease activity.ResultsOne hundred patients were included, of whom 83% were women; 58 and 75% received methotrexate and glucocorticoids, respectively. Most individuals were in remission or low activity. High correlations between Disease Activity Score of 28 joints – erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28‐ESR) values with DAS28 C‐reactive protein and Simple Disease Activity Index (SDAI) with Clinical Disease Activity Index (P < 0.0001; r = 0.82 and r = 0.86, respectively) were observed; likewise, the scores obtained with different indices correlated well with gold standard values for remission (SDAI), where the correlation with DAS28‐ESR was slightly lower. Excellent concordance among all clinimetric scores was observed, although it was lower among DAS28‐ESR and SDAI.ConclusionClinimetric indices had high concordance and correlation, especially for rheumatoid arthritis patients in remission or low disease activity, without being interchangeable among them.
Y RNA derived small RNAs in Sjögren's syndrome: Candidate biomarkers?
Authors: Kabeerdoss Jayakanthan , Sandhya Pulukool , Danda Debashish 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAnti‐Ro and anti‐La antibodies are important in pathogenesis and diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Ro60, Ro52 and La are RNA binding proteins of Y RNA, which were discovered more than three decades ago. Significance of Y RNA is not appreciated as much as Ro and La in SS. It can be hypothesised that 5′‐YsRNA, short fragment derived from Y RNA may be recognized by TLR7 in pDC, which induces type I interferon signature in SS. New genomics tools, namely RNA seq, enables assay of 5′‐YsRNA in blood. 5′‐YsRNA has the potential to be a novel biomarker of SS.
Incidence and risk factors for mortality after release from prison in Australia: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Forsyth Simon J. , Carroll Megan , Lennox Nicholas , Kinner Stuart A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimsTo estimate the incidence and identify risk factors for mortality in adults released from prisons in the state of Queensland, Australia.DesignProspective cohort study, linking baseline survey data with a national death register.SettingSelected prisons within Queensland, Australia.ParticipantsAdults (n = 1320) recruited in Queensland prisons within 6 weeks of expected release, between August 2008 and July 2010, followed for up to 4.7 years in the community.MeasurementsParticipants completed a comprehensive baseline survey covering psychosocial circumstances, physical and mental health, substance use and health risk behaviours. Clinical data were abstracted from prison medical records and obtained through probabilistic linkage with state‐based, community health records. Dates of prison release and reincarceration were obtained from correctional records. Deaths were identified through probabilistic linkage with the National Death Index. Adjusted hazard ratios (AHR) were calculated using proportional hazards regression models. Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were calculated using the population of Queensland as the reference. General population data were obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics.FindingsThe rate of mortality in the cohort was higher than in the age‐ and sex‐matched general population of Queensland for all causes [SMR = 4.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.9–5.4] and drug‐related causes (SMR = 32, 95% CI = 19–55). In a multivariable model, adjusting for age, sex and Indigenous status, factors associated with increased mortality risk included expecting to have average or better funds available on release (AHR = 2.9, 99% CI = 1.2–7.1), poor mental health (AHR = 2.6, 99% CI = 1.1–6.1) and self‐reported life‐time history of overdose (AHR = 2.5, 99% CI = 1.04–6.2).ConclusionsPeople released from prison in Queensland, Australia are at increased risk of death, due particularly to drug‐related causes. Those at greatest risk of death are characterized by poor physical and mental health and a history of risky substance use.
Morphogenesis of lingual papillae of one‐humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) during prenatal life: A light and scanning electron microscopic study
Authors: Abou‐Elhamd A. S. , Abd‐Elkareem M. , El‐Zuhry Zayed A. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThis study was made on 24 camel fetuses of crown‐rump vertebral length (CVRL) ranging from 10.5 cm to 105 cm CVRL (94–352 days old). These camel fetuses were classified into three groups representing the three trimesters of prenatal life. During the first trimester (94–142 days), lingual papillae (circumvallate and lentiform papillae) were demonstrated on the lingual root, but lingual body and the apex were almost free of papillae except for some scattered epithelial projections especially near the lateral borders of the body. In the second trimester (152–229 days), the lentiform papillae covered the entire root of the tongue except for areas occupied by the circumvallate papillae. Taste buds with clear pores were observed for the first time in areas between the circumvallate gustatory furrow and surface epithelium of the tongue. In addition, short numerous filiform papillae were observed on the rostral part of the lingual body and the lateral parts of the apex. Fungiform papillae, however, were demonstrated amidst the filiform papillae. In this trimester, taste buds were also seen on the top of the fungiform papillae. In the third trimester (256–352 days), all lingual papillae were clearly demonstrated on the dorsum of the root, body and apex of the tongue. Both types of gustatory papillae (circumvallate and fungiform) had well‐developed taste buds. Mechanical papillae (filiform and lentiform) were well developed. Lentiform papillae occupied most of the dorsal aspect of the Torus linguae; they were larger in size with semicircular apices. Filiform papillae, however, were numerous and demonstrated heavily on the lateral and rostral parts of the body as well as on the apex of the tongue.
The distribution of calbindinD‐28k and parvalbumin immunoreactive neurons in the somatosensory area of the pigeon pallium
Authors: Ahn J. H. , Park J. H. , Choi S. Y. , Lee T.‐K. , Cho J. H. , Kim I. H. , Lee J.‐C. , Choi J. H. , Hwang I. K. , Lee E. , Park S. , Lim J. , Lee Y. J. , Seo K. , Won M.‐H. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryGABAergic interneurons regulate the degree of glutamatergic excitation and output of projection neurons. In this study, we investigated the distribution of calbindinD‐28k (CB) and parvalbumin (PV) in the somatosensory area of the pigeon pallium using immunohistochemical method. Our results show that anatomical structures of the somatosensory area of the pigeon pallium consisted of several subdivisions including the hyperpallium, intercalated hyperpallium, mesopallium, nidopallium and basorostralis. Neuronal density was significantly higher in the intercalated hyperpallium and basorostralis than that in the other subdivisions. The density of the CB immunoreactive neurons was generally similar in all the subdivisions; however, the density of PV immunoreactive neurons was particularly prominent in the basorostralis compared with that in the other subdivisions. In addition, the mean proportion of PV immunoreactive neurons to total neurons was higher than that in the CB immunoreactive neurons in all the subdivisions. In brief, our present study shows that PV immunoreactive neurons in the somatosensory area of the pigeon pallium were significantly abundant compared with CB immunoreactive neurons. This finding needs more studies regarding CB‐ and PV‐related functions in the somatosensory area of the avian pallium.
Rapid and simple detection of Ureaplasma species from vaginal swab samples using a loop‐mediated isothermal amplification method
Authors: Fuwa Kazumasa , Seki Mitsuko , Hirata Yoshiyasu , Yanagihara Itaru , Nakura Yukiko , Takano Chika , Kuroda Kazumichi , Hayakawa Satoshi 
Published: November 2017

ProblemUreaplasma species occasionally cause chorioamnionitis and premature labor. We developed a novel assay employing a loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method to detect Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum.Method of studyLoop‐mediated isothermal amplification primers were designed to amplify Ureaplasma‐specific ureaseB genes. Four U. parvum strains, 5 U. urealyticum strains and 14 reference bacterial species were evaluated. Forty‐six vaginal swab samples were analyzed by LAMP, culture, and PCR.ResultsOur LAMP primers were specific to each species and had no cross‐reaction. Of 46 clinical specimens, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the LAMP method were 100% (12/12), 100% (34/34), 100% (12/12), and 100% (34/34), respectively, whereas those of PCR were 66.7% (8/12), 100% (34/34), 100% (8/8), and 89.5% (34/38), respectively, compared to culture‐based detection.ConclusionThe LAMP detection method outperformed the culture and PCR methods. Early detection enables appropriate antibiotic selection for improved prenatal outcomes.
Chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 25 expressed by trophoblast cells and leukocytes bearing its receptor Ccr9: An alliance during embryo implantation?
Authors: Weingrill Rodrigo Barbano , Hoshida Mara S. , Martinhago Ciro Dresch , Correa‐Silva Simone , Cardoso Elaine , Palmeira Patrícia , Marinho Claudio Romero Farias , Bevilacqua Estela 
Published: November 2017

ProblemWe hypothesized that trophoblast expression of Ccl25 attracts a specific leukocyte cell population to the implantation site for local regulation.Method of studyMice blastocysts, ectoplacental cones, and decidua at gestational days 3.5‐7.5 were evaluated for Ccl25 and Ccr9 expressions. Peripheral availability and characterization of Ccr9+ leukocytes were determined by flow cytometry. Leukocyte chemotaxis was assessed in the presence of Ccl25 recombinant protein and embryos using antisense oligomers (ODNs) to Ccl25 and Ccr9 neutralizing antibody.ResultsCcl25 was expressed by embryonic cells, whereas Ccr9 expression was strong at the maternal compartment and in PBMC. Immunolocalization confirmed this expression. In vitro, chemotaxis assays showed that the embryonic Ccl25 signals to Ccr9+ PBMCs. Maternal Ccr9+α4β7+ monocytes switch from an anti‐inflammatory phenotype (F4/80+11b+Ly6C‐TGF‐β+ cells, pre‐implantation) to an inflammatory profile (F4/80+11b+Ly6C+TNF‐α+ cells, post‐implantation).ConclusionOur data support the establishment of a CCL25/CCR9‐axis at the maternal‐fetal interface in mice, which may be involved in immune regulatory mechanisms during embryo implantation.
Circadian profiling reveals higher histamine plasma levels and lower diamine oxidase serum activities in 24% of patients with suspected histamine intolerance compared to food allergy and controls
Authors: Pinzer T. C. , Tietz E. , Waldmann E. , Schink M. , Neurath M. F. , Zopf Y. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundHistamine intolerance is thought to trigger manifold clinical symptoms after ingesting histamine‐rich food due to reduced activity of diamine oxidase (DAO). No study has hitherto systematically assessed daily fluctuations of histamine levels and DAO activities in symptomatic patients. The aim of the study was to investigate the presence of histamine intolerance, to therefore establish day profiles of histamine levels and DAO activities, and to compare the results between patients with suspected histamine intolerance, food allergy and healthy controls.MethodsWe determined day profiles of histamine plasma levels and DAO serum activities in 33 patients with suspected histamine intolerance, in 21 patients with proven food allergy and in 10 healthy control patients. Clinical symptoms, food intolerances and further clinical and laboratory chemical parameters were evaluated.ResultsTwenty‐four percent (8 of 33) suspected histamine‐intolerant patients showed elevated histamine levels during the day. That might be caused by constantly and significantly reduced DAO activities in these patients compared to food‐allergic and control patients. The remaining 25 patients presented normal histamine levels and DAO activities, but an increased prevalence of multiple food intolerances compared to the other subgroup of suspected histamine‐intolerants. There was no correlation between subjective complaints and serological histamine parameters in patients with suspected histamine intolerance.ConclusionsWe determined by daily profiling that decreased DAO activities correlated with elevated histamine levels in a subgroup of suspected histamine‐intolerants. This finding discriminates these patients from food intolerant individuals with similar clinical symptoms and strongly suggests the presence of histamine intolerance.
Retrieval of Adult Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation by an Intensive Care Physician Model
Authors: Burrell Aidan J. C. , Pilcher David V. , Pellegrino Vincent A. , Bernard Stephen A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe optimal staffing model during the inter‐hospital transfer of patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is not known. We report the complications and outcomes of patients who were commenced on ECMO at a referring hospital by intensive care physicians and compare these findings with patients who had ECMO established at an ECMO center in Australia. This was a single center, retrospective observational study based on a prospectively collected ECMO database from Melbourne, Australia. Patients with severe cardiac and/or respiratory failure failing conventional supportive treatment between 2007–2013 were placed on ECMO via a physician‐led model of ECMO retrieval, including two intensivists in a four person team, using percutaneous ECMO cannulation. Patients (198) underwent ECMO over the study period, of which 31% were retrieved. Veno‐venous (VV)‐ECMO and veno‐arterial (VA)‐ECMO accounted for 27 and 73% respectively. The VA‐ECMO patients had more intra‐transport interventions compared with VV‐ECMO transported patients, but none resulting in serious morbidity or death. There was no overall difference in survival at 6 months between retrieved and ECMO center patients: VV‐ECMO (75 vs. 70%, P = 0.690) versus VA‐ECMO (70 vs. 68%, P = 1.000). An intensive care physician‐led team was able to safely place all critically ill patients on ECMO and retrieve them to an ECMO center. This may be an appropriate staffing model for ECMO retrieval.
Epistatic effects between pairs of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a, growth hormone, growth hormone receptor, non‐SMC condensin I complex, subunit G and stearoyl‐CoA desaturase genes on carcass, price‐related and fatty acid composition traits in Japanese Black cattle
Authors: Komatsu Masanori , Nishino Kagetomo , Fujimori Yuki , Haga Yasutoshi , Iwama Nagako , Arakawa Aisaku , Aihara Yoshito , Takeda Hisato , Takahashi Hideaki 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHSR1a), growth hormone (GH), growth hormone receptor (GHR), non‐SMC condensin I complex, subunit G (NCAPG) and stearoyl‐CoA desaturase (SCD), are known to play important roles in growth and lipid metabolisms. Single and epistatic effects of the five genes on carcass, price‐related and fatty acid (FA) composition traits were analyzed in a commercial Japanese Black cattle population of Ibaraki Prefecture. A total of 650 steers and 116 heifers for carcass and price‐related traits, and 158 steers for FA composition traits were used in this study. Epistatic effects between pairs of the five genes were found in several traits. Alleles showing strain‐specific differences in the five genes had significant single and epistatic effects in some traits. The data suggest that a TG‐repeat polymorphism of the GHSR1a.5′UTR‐(TG)n locus plays a central role in gene–gene epistatic interaction of FA composition traits in the adipose tissue of Japanese Black cattle.