bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of diaphragmatic herniation and eventration repair in adults
Authors: Khakural Prabhat , Sapkota R , Sayami P 
Published: April 2017

Introduction: Diaphragmatic hernia and eventration are amongst the less commonly encountered thoracic surgical problems in Nepal. Unlike, the cases of traumatic herniation, adults with congenital hermination and eventration seek medical attention very late.Methods: It is a retrospective observational study of patients presenting with diaphragmatic hermiation and eventration at Manmohan Cardiothoracic Vascular and Transplant Center, Kathmandu, Nepal. Medical records of five years (May, 2010 to April, 2015) were reviewed. Analysis of the demographic profile, clinical features, management and outcome was done.Results: There were a total of 15 patients who were diagnosed to have diaphragmatic hermiation and eventration. There were eight cases of hermiation and seven cases of eventration. There were three cases of acute diaphragmatic hermiation. Thoracic trauma was found to be associated in three cases of herniation only. The mean age at presentation was 46.5 years. Thoracic trauma was seen in Younger age (mean age being 34 yrs). There were two cases of morgagni hernia and one of these was diagnosed incidentally. Mean duration of symptoms was two months. The most common presenting symptoms were shortness of breath and cough. Twelve cases were repaired via thoracotomy. Mean size of diaphragmatic defect was six centimeters. The most commonly herniated organ was stomach followed by momentum. Placation was the most commonly performed procedure in eventration and primary repair was done in six cases of hermiation and mesh repair in two cases. Only two patients had superficial surgical site infection. Mean duration of hospital stay was eight days. The patients were doing good up to mean follow up period of four months.Conclusion: Diaphragmatic hermiation and eventration in symptomatic patients should be managed surgically. Surgical approaches can be thoracotomy, laparotomy and Video Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery. Outcome following surgery is good with minimal postoperative complications. JSSN 2015; 18 (1), Page : 1-4
Hemiatrophy of the brain: a report of two cases
Authors: Shrestha Ram Kumar , Sedain G. , Shilpakar SK 
Published: April 2017

Introduction: Hemiatrophy of the brain is the radiological finding, in the patients with seizure and/ or mental retardation and hemiparesis, usually due to insult to developing brain in fetal and early childhood. Other imaging feature is the compensatory osseous hyperplasia. This condition, also known as Dyke-Davidoff-Masson Syndrome is a rare entity and we report two such cases.JSSN 2015; 18 (1), Page: 26-28
Winnowing fan blade head injury: a farm mishap
Authors: Sedain Gopal , Basnet R , Sharma M , Silpakar S 
Published: April 2017

In an agriculture based economy like Nepal farm related accidents are not uncommon. Indigenous farm machinery like winnowing fan is common in our villages. Five cases of fan related head injuries presenting to the Department of Surgery, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital in a single month of winnowing season are discussed.JSSN 2015; 18 (1), Page: 29-31
The Curious Case of PDS 11: A Nearby, >10 Myr Old, Classical T Tauri Binary System
Authors: Mathew Blesson , Manoj P. , Bhatt B. C. , Sahu D. K. , Maheswar G. , Muneer S. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
We present results of our study of the PDS 11 binary system, which belongs to a rare class of isolated, high Galactic latitude T Tauri stars. Our spectroscopic analysis reveals that PDS 11 is an M2–M2 binary system with both components showing similar Hα emission strengths. Both the components appear to be accreting and are classical T Tauri stars. The lithium doublet Li i λ6708, a signature of youth, is present in the spectrum of PDS 11A, but not in PDS 11B. From the application of lithium depletion boundary age-dating method and a comparison with the Li i λ6708 equivalent width distribution of moving groups, we estimated an age of 10–15 Myr for PDS 11A. Comparison with pre-main sequence evolutionary models indicates that PDS 11A is a 0.4 M
⊙ T Tauri star at a distance of 114–131 pc. PDS 11 system does not appear to be associated with any known star-forming regions or moving groups. PDS 11 is a new addition, after TWA 30 and LDS 5606, to the interesting class of old, dusty, wide binary classical T Tauri systems in which both components are actively accreting.
X-Ray Temperatures, Luminosities, and Masses from XMM-Newton Follow-upof the First Shear-selected Galaxy Cluster Sample∗
Authors: Deshpande Amruta J. , Hughes John P. , Wittman David 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
We continue the study of the first sample of shear-selected clusters from the initial 8.6 square degrees of the Deep Lens Survey (DLS); a sample with well-defined selection criteria corresponding to the highest ranked shear peaks in the survey area. We aim to characterize the weak lensing selection by examining the sample’s X-ray properties. There are multiple X-ray clusters associated with nearly all the shear peaks: 14 X-ray clusters corresponding to seven DLS shear peaks. An additional three X-ray clusters cannot be definitively associated with shear peaks, mainly due to large positional offsets between the X-ray centroid and the shear peak. Here we report on the XMM-Newton properties of the 17 X-ray clusters. The X-ray clusters display a wide range of luminosities and temperatures; the L

X
−T

X
relation we determine for the shear-associated X-ray clusters is consistent with X-ray cluster samples selected without regard to dynamical state, while it is inconsistent with self-similarity. For a subset of the sample, we measure X-ray masses using temperature as a proxy, and compare to weak lensing masses determined by the DLS team. The resulting mass comparison is consistent with equality. The X-ray and weak lensing masses show considerable intrinsic scatter (∼48%), which is consistent with X-ray selected samples when their X-ray and weak lensing masses are independently determined.
Three-dimensional Simulations and Spacecraft Observations of Sub-ion Scale Turbulence in the Solar Wind: Influence of Landau Damping
Authors: Kobayashi S. , Sahraoui F. , Passot T. , Laveder D. , Sulem P. L. , Huang S. Y. , Henri P. , Smets R. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Three-dimensional nonlinear finite Larmor radius (FLR)–Landau fluid simulations, which include some small-scale

kinetic effects, are performed to explore the nature of the sub-ion scale turbulence in the solar wind and to investigate the role of Landau damping and FLR corrections. The resulting steady-state magnetic power spectrum in the dispersive range display exponents that vary within a range of values compatible with statistical results reported from in situ spacecraft measurements of solar wind turbulence as well as from gyrokinetic simulations. The spectral slopes are shown to depend on the strength of the nonlinear effects and on the scale at which turbulent fluctuations are driven in the simulations. The influence of Landau damping is addressed by comparison with simulations where the double-adiabatic closure is imposed. The role of FLR corrections is also analyzed. Comparison with in situ observations in the solar wind are performed to enlighten the influence of the fluctuations power at different scales on the spectral slopes in the sub-ion range. Using diagnosis of both magnetic compressibility and frequency-wavenumber spectra, it is shown that in spite of the evidence of the presence of fast-magnetosonic modes, the magnetic energy is mostly distributed around the kinetic Alfvén waves and the slow modes, in agreement with solar wind measurements. The observed large broadening about the linear dispersion relations may reflect the presence of coherent structures.
Numerical Test of Analytical Theories for Perpendicular Diffusion in Small Kubo Number Turbulence
Authors: Heusen M. , Shalchi A. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In the literature, one can find various analytical theories for perpendicular diffusion of energetic particles interacting with magnetic turbulence. Besides quasi-linear theory, there are different versions of the nonlinear guiding center (NLGC) theory and the unified nonlinear transport (UNLT) theory. For turbulence with high Kubo numbers, such as two-dimensional turbulence or noisy reduced magnetohydrodynamic turbulence, the aforementioned nonlinear theories provide similar results. For slab and small Kubo number turbulence, however, this is not the case. In the current paper, we compare different linear and nonlinear theories with each other and test-particle simulations for a noisy slab model corresponding to small Kubo number turbulence. We show that UNLT theory agrees very well with all performed test-particle simulations. In the limit of long parallel mean free paths, the perpendicular mean free path approaches asymptotically the quasi-linear limit as predicted by the UNLT theory. For short parallel mean free paths we find a Rechester & Rosenbluth type of scaling as predicted by UNLT theory as well. The original NLGC theory disagrees with all performed simulations regardless what the parallel mean free path is. The random ballistic interpretation of the NLGC theory agrees much better with the simulations, but compared to UNLT theory the agreement is inferior. We conclude that for this type of small Kubo number turbulence, only the latter theory allows for an accurate description of perpendicular diffusion.
Molecular Gas Dominated 50 kpc Ram Pressure Stripped Tail of the Coma Galaxy D100*
Authors: Jáchym Pavel , Sun Ming , Kenney Jeffrey D. P. , Cortese Luca , Combes Françoise , Yagi Masafumi , Yoshida Michitoshi , Palouš Jan , Roediger Elke 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
We have discovered large amounts of molecular gas, as traced by CO emission, in the ram pressure stripped gas tail of the Coma cluster galaxy D100 (GMP 2910), out to large distances of about 50 kpc. D100 has a 60 kpc long, strikingly narrow tail, which is bright in X-rays and Hα. Our observations with the IRAM 30 m telescope reveal in total

H2 (assuming the standard CO-to-H2 conversion) in several regions along the tail, thus indicating that molecular gas may dominate its mass. Along the tail, we measure a smooth gradient in the radial velocity of the CO emission that is offset to lower values from the more diffuse Hα gas velocities. Such a dynamic separation of phases may be due to their differential acceleration by ram pressure. D100 is likely being stripped at a high orbital velocity

km s−1 by (nearly) peak ram pressure. Combined effects of intra-cluster medium (ICM) viscosity and magnetic fields may be important for the evolution of the stripped interstellar matter. We propose that D100 has reached a continuous mode of stripping of dense gas remaining in its nuclear region. D100 is the second known case of an abundant molecular stripped gas tail, suggesting that conditions in the ICM at the centers of galaxy clusters may be favorable for molecularization. From comparison with other galaxies, we find that there is a good correlation between the CO flux and the Hα surface brightness in ram pressure stripped gas tails, over ∼2 dex.
Stratégies de publication des dépenses environnementales dans un cadre réglementaire
Authors: Depoers Florence , Jérôme Tiphaine 
Published: April 2017

Les dépenses environnementales (DE) d’une société constituent un outil d’évaluation et de suivi de sa performance environnementale. Le potentiel informatif de cet indicateur n’a pas échappé au législateur qui oblige les sociétés cotées à publier leurs DE. Notre recherche mobilise le courant de la légitimité pour identifier et expliquer les stratégies de réponse à cet item sur un échantillon de sociétés cotées françaises. Une analyse de contenu permet d’identifier trois stratégies : la non-réponse, la réponse de façade et la réponse substantielle. Les tests montrent plusieurs facteurs explicatifs associés à ces stratégies : la critique environnementale, l’actionnariat ISR et la sensibilité du secteur d’activité. Notre recherche contribue aux débats académiques et réglementaires sur la normalisation de l’information environnementale en révélant et expliquant les comportements des acteurs face à la loi.
Repenser les liens entre Bruxelles et son port : un enjeu d’aménagement pour la zone du Canal
Authors: Mazy Kristel 
Published: April 2017

Le projet urbain, par la démarche souple et transversale qu’il produit, est emblématique des concepts urbanistiques contemporains. Cette approche peut-elle opérer une reconnexion entre villes, ports et fleuves ? A contrario, pourrait-elle renforcer la déconnexion en cours, dans un contexte où les logiques de marché sont plus favorables aux sphères d’économie résidentielle qu’aux sphères productives ? Cette question se pose particulièrement à Bruxelles, dans la zone du Canal, intersection d’enjeux majeurs : densification urbaine dans un contexte de croissance démographique, redéploiement du fret fluvial comme alternative durable au réseau routier et amélioration de la gestion de l’eau. L’objectif de cet article est de cerner l’évolution de la relation ville-port par les interactions entre les projets des différents acteurs concernés. À travers une approche spatio-temporelle, les résultats montrent que via leurs matérialisations, les projets participent à reproduire les coupures fonctionnalistes de l’ère industrielle, causées par l’environnement économique dans lequel ils s’inscrivent. Par contre, à travers leur processus, de nouveaux cadres de dialogue ville-port apparaissent. Ces constats fondent quelques pistes pour une reconnexion de la ville et de son port.
Intervention-Less Multi-Zone Stimulation System - A Case Study
Authors: Murdoch Euan , Robertson Bruce , Munro Christopher , Edwards Andrew 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDriven by ever increasing associated costs, the industry has long sought an enabling technology to expedite hydraulic fracture cycle times in high cost environments such as offshore. Remotely operated completion tools have been proven to provide these efficiencies and can positively influence the viability of these multi-zone stimulation projects.This paper will focus on the planning and execution of an offshore North Sea lower completion to present a methodology to remotely access and isolate the reservoir during multi-zone stimulation operations. Innovative technologies utilized in this case study are presented which effectively minimize the cycle time of the stimulation process while providing a high level of contingencies to account for a panoply of scenarios which could occur through-out the operation.There are several techniques and methodologies which have been deployed to efficiently stimulate multi-zone, horizontal wells in offshore locations such as those found in the North Sea; technical papers such as (Langford 2014) discuss these in detail. This paper will describe the successful deployment of a novel lower completion system into a Southern North Sea extended reach well in June 2015 which targeted the a sandstone formation of the Lower Permian (Rotliegend) strata.The selected remotely operated lower completion system incorporates multiple communication methods on-board to permit remote functioning of flapper isolation valves, to compartmentalize the reservoir internally, and remote operated stimulation sleeves to access the reservoir, which effectively eliminates the need for intervention between treatments, ultimately improving fracture cycle time and reducing risk while providing operators with realistic contingencies in the event of screen-out.
Marine Seismic Acquisition using Autonomous Marine Vehicles Towing 3D Sensor Arrays
Authors: Pai S. , Yandon E. , Moldoveanu N. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Marine seismic data is typically acquired by using towed-streamers due to their high efficiency, easy implementation, and narrow-azimuth (NAZ) acquisition geometry. This method usually results in good-quality seismic data for noncomplex geological environments and is a well-established methodology. However, this method is limited in obstructed areas or in areas with very shallow water where streamer vessels cannot be used. We present two field tests of autonomous marine vehicles (AMVs) equipped with 3D seismic sensor arrays to record marine seismic data concurrently with OBC seismic acquisition missions ongoing in the same area.
The field tests evaluated the operational aspects of the AMVs and demonstrated that the vehicles equipped with 3D arrays can be used to acquire seismic data that is usable and comparable with seismic data obtained from the associated ocean-bottom cable (OBC) surveys. The vehicles proved their ability to hold station and record and transmit QC data back to the survey vessel. The ability to use the vehicles to acquire data in areas previously hard to reach opens the door to potentially deploy the vehicles during streamer surveys to acquire data with offset in excess of 20 km. Shots can be recorded by the vehicle placed at predetermined locations to record ultra-long offset data, which can assist in building velocity models with full waveform inversion.
The AMV is capable of carrying out a number of functions over a longer time frame and at lower cost than when using traditional methods. Its ability to maintain position in a holding area or travel to a new location, when needed, through GPS coordinates optimizes seismic surveys without compromising results. As offshore exploration and production move into deeper and more remote areas, the seismic industry can increasingly rely on autonomous vehicles for support.
The Benefits and Limits of FPSO Standardisation
Authors: Wyllie Michael , Newport Andrew , Mastrangelo Carlos 
Published: April 2017

There is renewed interest in the oil and gas industry in standardisation as a mechanism for cost reduction, driven by the present low oil price and a search for efficiencies in project execution. However, the implementation of any approach to standardisation requires clarity about the objectives, benefits, and compromises that are required.
This paper reviews the different approaches to standardisation that can be considered for FPSOs, examines historical examples of standardisation, and the degree to which these examples have been successful. In particular, the paper addresses the extent to which design replication is possible, and the impacts of field conditions, regional regulatory framework, and client specifications on standardisation. Based on lessons learnt from the industry, together with in-house experience of FPSO design and operation, the paper will provide guidance on the extent to which standardisation can be achieved, the areas in which it can be applied, and the potential obstacles to its successful implementation.
Selective Perforation and Design of Multi-Pattern Infill Wells in Field Development Planning and Optimization Under Geological Uncertainty
Authors: Bello O. , Awofodu D. D. , Oppelt J. , Ganzer L. , Holzmann J. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
About 70% of the world's oil and gas fields are brownfields with production history of 25 years or older. These makes additional recovery from brownfields a focus of interest for the industry. A handful of known technologies exists which have been applied to brownfield redevelopments in a timely and efficient manner to maximize oil recovery. In this paper, we present an innovative approach to rejuvenate brownfields which relies on the application of direct search methods to place, design and selectively perforate multi-pattern infill wells in unexploited hydrocarbon regions while considering multiple history-matched models and geological uncertainties.
The field development optimization (FDO) approach requires the definition of design parameters for efficient well placement and selective perforation in untapped sweet spots using I-J-K coordinates. Fluid saturation distribution from a finite difference reservoir simulator at the end of production history is utilized to identify unexploited regions. Sampling techniques are applied to design parameters to screen the solution space for the best candidates that satisfies the FDO problem. Optimization of selected best candidates are performed using the genetic algorithm (GA), level-set optimizer (LSO) and the covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES). In addition, we take into consideration the influence of geological uncertainties on multi-pattern well placement and oil recovery maximization. A partially real field model is used to test proposed FDO approach.
Oil recovery maximization and overall optimization time is compared for all three optimization methods evaluated. Using fluid saturation distribution realized after model validation, favourable unexploited regions are identified for multi-pattern well placement by computing and inspecting the product of permeability-by-thickness-by-fluid-saturation per grid block. Optimization algorithms applied to the FDO problem show the tendency for multi-pattern infill wells to seek untapped regions of the reservoir. Furthermore, we parameterize infill well perforations to control the drainage strategy in our test model. Results show that the optimization of perforations delivered better final solutions. Optimization under uncertainty has an effect on the maximization of oil recovery with lesser effect observed on optimum well placement.
Impact of Ultrafiltration on Sulfate Removal Unit Recovery, Availability and Cleaning Frequency
Authors: Alam Zamir , Boczkowski Maciej , Khoo Su Ann , UdhayaRagavan Perumal , Chaudhuri Bhishma 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In order to demonstrate the impact of ultrafiltration (UF) on the fouling rate and cleaning intervals of nanofiltration (NF) membranes in seawater sulfate removal application, GE conducted a two-year long demonstration in Singapore. GE's ZW700B UF and SWSR NF membranes were used for this study.
The evaluation was conducted in two phases. During Phase 1, pretreated seawater with SDI between 2.5 and 4.5 was used as feed. During Phase 2, water was pre-treated with the ZW700B UF membrane to yield an SDI of less than 2, before being fed to the NF sulfate removal unit.
In Phase 1, the SWSR-440-ft2 NF membrane showed &gt;99.8% sulfate removal. The membrane also showed very good resistance to fouling; validating the low-fouling properties of the SWSR membrane due to its unique three-layer construction and low surface roughness (typically 10 nm or lower). When the feed water SDI increased to 4, the feed pressure and pressure drop increased but the fouling rate remained low. The unit only needed one chemical cleaning after six months of operation. As expected, chemical cleaning at high pH temporarily reduced the sulfate rejection to 99.7%; but sulfate rejection recovered to 99.8% within two weeks of operation. The temporary increase can be explained by opening of the NF membrane pores due to high pH.
In Phase 2, UF pre-treatment reduced the average SDI to 1.7 and the feed particle count by more than 96%. The NF sulfate removal unit operated more than three months without any noticeable fouling; fouling rate remained low even when the recovery was increased to 80%. Sulfate rejection remained at 99.7% to 99.8%. These results confirm that ZW700B UF pretreatment will reduce NF cleaning frequency and increase the life time of NF membranes. Lower cleaning frequency will lead to lower chemical consumption, lower chemical cost and increased system availability. UF pretreatment will also allow for higher NF Flux and recovery which will reduce the footprint and weight of SRU systems.
GE's ZW700B UF system did not show any decrease in membrane permeability during the duration of the pilot. Membranes were cleaned and recovered by conducting regular backwashes as well as two chemically enhanced backwash cycles at different time intervals.