bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Fluorescent Peri‐functionalized Perylenemonoimide Derivatives with Tunable Optical Properties for Selective Sensing of Electron‐rich Aromatic Amines
Authors: Sharma Vikas , Sahoo Dhananjaya , Chandra Falguni , Koner Apurba L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA series of peri‐functionalized perylenemonoimide dyes containing an electron donating aromatic and polyaromatic group via Suzuki‐coupling reaction has been synthesized. Photophysical properties of the synthesized dyes are extensively investigated using various spectroscopic techniques. Introduction of substituent's at peri‐position shows a pronounced effect on emission properties. Electrochemical measurements suggest that the peri‐functionalization of perylenemonoimide dyes make reduction much more facile compared to unsubstituted dyes. Thereafter, an efficient and selective fluorescence quenching strategy via photo‐induced electron transfer process from electron‐rich aromatic amines to the synthesized dyes has been investigated.
Rational Design of Polypeptide‐Based Block Copolymer for Nonviral Gene Delivery
Authors: Kalinova Radostina , Doumanov Jordan A. , Mladenova Kirilka , Janevska Dushica , Georgieva Milena , Miloshev George , Topouzova‐Hristova Tanya , Dimitrov Ivaylo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe present work describes the development, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of novel poly(L‐lysine)‐based polyplexes as nonviral gene delivery systems. Initially, a well‐defined hybrid block copolymer comprising poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) (POEGMA) and poly(L‐lysine) (PLL) blocks was successfully synthesized and characterized. The hybrid copolymer shows high ability to condense DNA into stable polyplexes in aqueous media with sizes of approx. 100 nm. The nanoplexes were evaluated for cellular toxicity in A549 alveolar and HepG2 (hepatocarcinoma) cell lines. The nanoparticles cell internalization and transfection ability were assessed in HepG2 cells. The initial experiments showed that DNA was successfully transfected into the nucleus of human liver cancer cells and expressed enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene with green fluorescence emission. These results revealed that the newly synthesized POEGMA‐b‐PLL diblock copolymer might be very attractive candidate as a nonviral gene delivery vector.
Zirconium Metal‐Organic Framework (UiO‐66) as a Robust Catalyst toward Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Remarkable Heterocyclic Rings
Authors: Shaabani Ahmad , Mohammadian Reza , Hooshmand Seyyed Emad , Hashemzadeh Alireza , Amini Mostafa M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn the present paper, we report zirconium metal–organic framework (UiO‐66) as an efficient and robust catalyst for the straightforward synthesis of various nitrogen‐containing heterocyclic scaffolds, including imidazopyridine, pyridine and quinoxaline moieties. These compounds with potential drug value which exhibiting a broad spectrum biological and pharmacological activities were successfully accessed with MOF catalytic system under solvent‐free conditions. The main advantage of this protocol is reusability of catalyst, operational simplicity, mild reaction conditions and high‐yielding.
Mixed Self‐Assembled Monolayers with Internal Urea Group on Silica Surface
Authors: Meillan Matthieu , Buffeteau Thierry , Le Bourdon Gwenaëlle , Thomas Laurent , Degueil Marie , Heuzé Karine , Bennetau Bernard , Vellutini Luc 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this study, we report the successful grafting on silica surfaces by the coadsorption method, of mixed nitrobenzyl ester‐/methyl‐terminated self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs), with ratios of two coupling agents (30/70) and (10/90). We show that the preparation of mixed monolayers using two organosilanes with internal urea groups in the alkyl chain seems to be appropriate to obtain a monolayer composition similar to the molar ratio of the two silanes in the deposition solution. This behavior could be due to the presence of the polar urea groups in the molecular structure of both organosilanes which allows them to have the same ability of self‐assembly by hydrogen‐bonding and also the same affinity with the hydrophilic surface. To locate the ester functions at the surface of the mixed monolayers, we investigated the covalent immobilization of amino functionalized gold nanoparticles (GNPs) as nanoscale marker. Polarization modulation infrared reflection‐adsorption spectroscopy (PM‐IRRAS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to monitor the chemical modifications of the silica surfaces and to demonstrate the successful attachment of gold nanoparticles onto the modified surfaces. Finally, we show that the mixed SAMs were grafted with a phase separation.
Crystallite Morphology‐Dependent Optical Temperature‐Sensing Properties of Eu3+‐Doped NaGd(WO4)2 Phosphor
Authors: Ming Xin , Meng Qingyu , Lü Shuchen , Sun Wenjun 
Published: December 2017

AbstractNaGd(WO4)2: Eu3+ phosphors by using sodium citrate (Na3Cit, Na3C6H5O7) as chelating agent were synthesized via hydrothermal method. The structure and morphology were characterized and analyzed by the X‐ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Adding Na3Cit into the reaction solution can considerably influence the crystallite morphologies of the samples. The temperature dependent photoluminescence spectra of NaGd(WO4)2: Eu3+ phosphors with different ratios of Cit3−/Re3+ have been measured. It was found that, in the NaGd(WO4)2: Eu3+ phosphors, the optical temperature sensing can be achieved by following three temperature dependent parameters: the ratio of luminous intensity of thermally coupled energy levels (5D0 and 5D1); the emission intensities of Eu3+ 5D0‐7F2 transition; the Huang‐Rhys factor of Eu3+ 7F0‐5D2 transition absorption. And the temperature sensing sensitivities of all three methods increased with increase of the ratios of Cit3−/Re3+. This is mainly due to that the number of crystal defects increases with increase of the concentration of Cit3−, and the vibration modes and number of phonons increase, so the intensity of electron‐phonon coupling increases.
An Improved Synthetic Approach for Obtaining High‐Quality Terephthalic Acid: Eliminating the Need for Purification
Authors: Kuznetsova Nina I. , Bal'zhinimaev Bair S. , Bhattacharyya Alak , Walenga Joel T. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe large‐scale production of terephthalic acid (TPA) is currently based on the two‐step technology, with oxidation ofp‐xylene in an acetic acid solution containing a Co/Mn/Br catalyst, followed by the purification of the crude product containing the impurityp‐carboxybenzaldehyde (CBA). Here we offer a simple and robust route to the target product, which makes it possible to avoid the tedious and energy‐consuming hydropurification of TPA to remove CBA. We demonstrate that addition of ammonium acetate and ionic liquids to the acetic acid solution changes the reaction medium to improve solubility of TPA and CBA and accelerates oxidation of CBA to TPA. Efficient combinations of the additives and appropriate oxidation conditions have been selected to attain nearly complete oxidation of CBA to TPA over the reaction time and formation of the oxidation product with content of CBA less than 25 ppm without the hydropurification step.
Biological Evolution of New Intercalated Layered Double Hydroxides: Anticancer, Antibacterial and Photocatalytic Studies
Authors: Dhanasekaran Thangavelu , Padmanaban Annamalai , Gnanamoorthy Govindan , Manigandan Ramadoss , Kumar Sivakumar Praveen , Stephen Arumainathan , Selvam Parasuram , Subaraja Mamangam , Narayanan Vengidusamy 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this work, we have synthesized a novel sodium‐3‐nitrobenzenesulfonate (SNBS) of organic moiety intercalated into Zn−Al layered double hydroxide nanoflakes (ZANF) via facile hydrothermal method. The structure, optical property, morphology, size and surface area of the as‐synthesized intercalated Zn−Al nanoflakes (i‐ZANF) were characterized by various techniques. The i‐ZANF was utilized as an anti‐cancer agent against MCF‐7 cell lines. The IC50 value of synthesized i‐ZANF against MCF‐7 cancer cell was found to be 30 μg/mL. Antibacterial activity against noxious bacteria such as, methicillin resistant staphylococcus areus and Acinetobacter baumannii has been examined. Photocatalytic activity of i‐ZANF was evaluated by using methylene blue (MB) as a toxic environmental pollutant. The obtained results showed that the i‐ZANF has notable antibacterial and anticancer activity, along with excellent photocatalytic degradation efficiency (91.2% within 105 min). Hence, it can be proposed that the i‐ZANF with multifunctional applications has been developed to expand as large potential window for anticancer agents, antibaterial and photocatalytic field in upcoming days.
Photosensitizing Properties of 6H‐Dibenzo[b, h]xanthene Derivatives
Authors: Teixeira Rodolfo I. , dos Santos Iago C. , Garden Simon J. , Carneiro Paula F. , Ferreira Vitor F. , de Lucas Nanci C. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDibenzoxanthenes are a class of compounds that have attracted attention due principally to their photochemical and photophysical properties. The absorption spectra of the dibenzo[b, h]xanthene derivatives revealed a blue shift in the absorption spectra on increasing the solvent polarity. The laser flash photolysis technique was used to study the reactivity of the triplet excited states of the dibenzo[b, h]xanthene‐5,6,8,13‐tetrone derivatives. Hydrogen atom or electron donors, including model biological compounds, led to quenching of the excited state and formation of a new transient, thus revealing type I photosensitizer reactivity. Further, energy transfer to oxygen to generate singlet oxygen was also observed demonstrating type II photosensitization. Additionally, the novel dibenzo[b, h]xanthene‐5,6,8,13‐tetrol acetates revealed fluorescence emission with maximum wavelengths between 350–360 nm.
Ionic Liquids as Micellar Agents in Perrhenate‐catalysed Olefin Epoxidation
Authors: Schäffer Johannes , Alber Monika , Korth Wolfgang , Cokoja Mirza , Jess Andreas 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe perrhenate‐catalysed epoxidation of cyclooctene with aqueous H2O2was performed in micellar media using imidazolium‐based ionic liquids (ILs) as surfactants. The catalytic performance of perrhenate was greatly increased in micellar media compared to IL used as neat solvent which allows for efficient use both of catalyst and IL. The choice of the surfactant alkyl chain length (C6to C12) as well as the counterion (BF4−, TfO−, Cl−) is crucial for achieving high reaction rates. The positive effect of the addition of surfactants relies on formation of micelles. Best results are obtained for BF4−anion with long alkyl chain imidazolium cations, outperforming results for previously reported perrhenate ILs, while the use of Cl−anion leads only to similar reactivity. Cross‐over experiments revealed that the catalytically active micellar species forms in situ and that the BF4−anion promotes the reaction beyond a mere change in ionic strength. The use of Cl−anion as surfactant counterion bears potential as a novel approach for rapid screening of potentially catalytically active anions, which is exemplarily shown for tungstate anion.
Ultrahigh Reversibility of SnO2 in SnO2@C Quantum Dots/Graphene Oxide Nanosheets for Lithium Storage
Authors: Zhang Pinjie , Wu Xianbin , Zhao Yiming , Wang Lianbang , Su Liwei , Wang Yuanhao , Ren Manman 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAmong promising substitutions for commercial graphite anodes for lithium ion batteries, SnO2 has a fourfold theoretical capacity of graphite (if the O element is completely reversible), while the oxygen reutilization is seriously hampered by poor conductivity of both the electron and Li+ ions. This work proposes a novel ternary architecture of SnO2@C quantum dots (QDs, with average diameter of 3.37 nm) grafted on graphene oxides, denoted as SnO2@C/G, via a facile and scalable one‐pot hydrothermal method. The SnO2@C/G show extraordinary long‐term cycling performance (1080 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g‐1 after 300 cycles) and rate capability (∼840 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1). If excluding the contribution of carbon, the specific capacity of SnO2 is 1447 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g‐1, 96.9% of its theoretical capacity. The extraordinary performance is ascribed to ultrahigh reversibility of SnO2 QDs, good structural stability, and much better ionic/electronic diffusions confirmed by XPS, TEM, EIS, respectively.
Quinine Thiourea Immobilized on SBA‐15 as an Efficient Recyclable Catalyst for Asymmetric Strecker Reaction of Isatin N‐protected Ketimines
Authors: Ansari Amamudin , Gupta Naveen , Jakhar Ajay , Khan Noor‐ul H. , Kureshy Rukhsana I. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractQuinine thiourea organo‐catalyst immobilized on the SBA‐15 mesoporous material was synthesized by the post‐grafting method. First, the organothiol group was grafted over the SBA‐15 surface and which was anchored with quinine thiourea via. radical polymerization method. The synthesized catalyst was characterized by various physicochemical methods. The 13CP MAS solid‐state NMR confirms the successful grafting of quinine thiourea over the surface of SBA‐15. Thermogravimetric weight loss analysis confirms the successful anchoring of organo‐catalyst. The synthesized organo‐catalyst was used as heterogeneous catalyst for asymmetric Strecker reaction of N‐Boc isatin derived ketimines. The heterogeneous catalyst worked efficiently to give α‐amino nitriles in good yields and high enantiomeric excess up to 93% with 90% conversion in 85 h at –10 °C temperature. Furthermore, the catalyst was successfully reused up to five times without loss in yield and enantioselectivity of the product.
Magnetic field evolution in dwarf and Magellanic-type galaxies
Authors: Siejkowski H. , Soida M. , Chyży K. T. 
Published: December 2017

Aims. Low-mass galaxies radio observations show in many cases surprisingly high levels of magnetic field. The mass and kinematics of such objects do not favour the development of effective large-scale dynamo action. We attempted to check if the cosmic-ray-driven dynamo can be responsible for measured magnetization in this class of poorly investigated objects. We investigated how starburst events on the whole, as well as when part of the galactic disk, influence the magnetic field evolution.
Methods. We created a model of a dwarf/Magellanic-type galaxy described by gravitational potential constituted from two components: the stars and the dark-matter halo. The model is evolved by solving a three-dimensional (3D) magnetohydrodynamic equation with an additional cosmic-ray component, which is approximated as a fluid. The turbulence is generated in the system via supernova explosions manifested by the injection of cosmic-rays.
Results. The cosmic-ray-driven dynamo works efficiently enough to amplify the magnetic field even in low-mass dwarf/Magellanic-type galaxies. The e-folding times of magnetic energy growth are 0.50 and 0.25 Gyr for the slow (50 km s−1) and fast (100 km s−1) rotators, respectively. The amplification is being suppressed as the system reaches the equipartition level between kinetic, magnetic, and cosmic-ray energies. An episode of star formation burst amplifies the magnetic field but only for a short time while increased star formation activity holds. We find that a substantial amount of gas is expelled from the galactic disk, and that the starburst events increase the efficiency of this process.
Intention as action under development: why intention is not a mental state
Authors: Russell Devlin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper constructs a theory according to which an intention is not a mental state but an action at a certain developmental stage. I model intention on organic life, and thus intention stands to action as (e.g.) tadpole stands to frog. I then argue for this theory by showing how it overcomes three problems: intending while (1) merely preparing, (2) not taking any steps, and (3) the action is impossible. The problems vanish when we see that not all actions are mature. Just as some frogs (such as tadpoles) are immature frogs, some actions (such as intentions) are immature actions.
The effects of stimulus rate on ABR morphology and its relationship to P1 CAEP responses and auditory speech perception outcomes in children with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder
Authors: McKnight Rosemary J. , Glick Hannah , Cardon Garrett , Sharma Anu 
Published: December 2017

Objective:
Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) affects approximately 5–15% of children with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). ANSD is characterized by the presence of otoacoustic emissions (OAE) and an absent or abnormal auditory brainstem response (ABR). The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of slow-rate ABR in predicting the auditory cortical development and auditory speech perception outcomes in case studies of children with ANSD.

Design:
ABR waveform characteristics were collected at slow stimulation rates (5.1 clicks/second) and a fast stimulation rates (>11–31.1 clicks/second, rates typically used in a clinical setting) in three case reports of children with ANSD. P1 CAEP responses and measures of auditory speech perception using the Infant Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale (IT-MAIS) were also collected in these children. Retrospective analysis was performed to evaluate the prognostic value of slow- versus fast-rate ABR in predicting P1 CAEP responses and auditory speech perception outcomes in these children.

Study sample:
Participants included case reports of three paediatric participants with a clinical diagnosis of ANSD.

Results:
Slow-rate ABR did not elicit significant improvements in waveform morphology compared to fast-rate ABR. P1 CAEP results were present in 2 out of 3 cases and were consistent with auditory speech perception outcomes.

Conclusions:
Even when ABR stimulation rates were slowed, ABR responses in these children with ANSD did not display any characteristic or replicable pattern, and ABR responses were not predictive of cortical auditory maturation or behavioural performance. In contrast, P1 CAEP responses provided valuable information regarding the maturational status of the auditory cortex and P1 CAEP responses were consistent with behavioural measures of auditory speech perception. Overall, results highlight the high prognostic value of P1 CAEP testing when used in conjunction with behavioural measures of auditory speech perception in children with ANSD.
Efficacy and Safety of Procalcitonin Guidance in Patients With Suspected or Confirmed Sepsis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis*
Authors: Iankova Irena , Thompson-Leduc Philippe , Kirson Noam Y. , Rice Bernie , Hey Juliane , Krause Alexander , Schonfeld Sophie A. , DeBrase Christopher R. , Bozzette Samuel , Schuetz Philipp 
Published: December 2017

Objective:
Sepsis is a leading cause of mortality in noncoronary ICUs. Although immediate start of antibiotics reduces sepsis-related mortality, antibiotics are often administered for too long, leading to suboptimal treatment and, importantly, contributes to antimicrobial resistance. Prior literature suggests that procalcitonin correlates with infection and thus may help to guide the decision on when to stop antibiotic treatment. This study was conducted as part of a regulatory submission to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and aimed to summarize the evidence of procalcitonin guidance on efficacy and safety outcomes in adult patients with sepsis.

Data Sources:
PubMed and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.

Study Selection:
English-language randomized controlled trials evaluating procalcitonin use among adult patients with suspected or confirmed sepsis published between January 2004 and May 2016.

Data Extraction:
Inverse-variance weighting fixed and random effects meta-analyses were performed on the following efficacy and safety endpoints: antibiotic duration, all-cause mortality, and length of ICU stay. Two reviewers independently extracted data elements from identified studies and measured risk of bias with the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool.

Data Synthesis:
From a total of 369 potentially eligible articles, 10 randomized controlled trials containing 3,489 patients were used for analysis. Procalcitonin-guided patients had shorter antibiotics duration compared with controls (7.35 vs. 8.85 d; weighted mean difference, –1.49 d; 95% CI, –2.27 to –0.71; p < 0.001). Procalcitonin use had no adverse impact on mortality (risk ratio, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.79–1.03; p = 0.114) and length of ICU stay (11.09 d vs. 11.91 d; weighted mean difference, –0.84 d; 95% CI, –2.52 to 0.84; p = 0.329).

Conclusions:
In adult patients with suspected or confirmed sepsis, procalcitonin guidance reduces antibiotics duration with no observed adverse effects on patient outcomes.
Treatment Patterns Among Women Diagnosed With Stage I-III Triple-negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Sineshaw Helmneh M. , Freedman Rachel A. , DeSantis Carol E. , Jemal Ahmedin 
Published: December 2017

Objective:
To examine contemporary treatment patterns for women diagnosed with stage I-III triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in the United States.

Methods:
We identified 48,961 patients diagnosed with stage I-III TNBC from 2010 to 2013 in the National Cancer Data Base and created 3 treatment subcohorts (definitive locoregional therapy [appropriate local therapy, including surgery/radiation], adjuvant chemotherapy [stage II-III disease or stage I tumors with tumor size ≥1 cm], and adjuvant chemotherapy for small tumors [stage I tumors with tumor size <1 cm and node negative]). We performed descriptive analyses, calculated percentages for treatment receipt, and used multivariable modified Poisson regression models to estimate risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) predicting receipt of treatments.

Results:
Older age, larger tumor size, positive nodal status, and Southern/Pacific US regions, but not race/ethnicity, were strongly associated with a lower probability of receiving definitive locoregional therapy. Older age was also strongly associated with lower likelihood of adjuvant chemotherapy receipt, as were grade, negative nodal status, and higher comorbidity. For example, compared with women aged 18 to 39 years, those aged 75 to 90 years were 17% less likely to receive definitive locoregional therapy (RR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.73-0.88), and 62% less likely to receive adjuvant chemotherapy (RR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.35-0.41). Age, tumor grade, tumor size, and comorbidity score were also independently associated with receipt of chemotherapy for women with small TNBC.

Conclusions:
Advancing age but not race/ethnicity was associated with lower likelihood of recommended treatment receipt among women with TNBC. Although omission of therapy among older patients with breast cancer may be appropriate in the case of smaller and lower risk TNBC, some were likely undertreated.