bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cramer‐Rao lower bound and parameter estimation for multibeam satellite links
Authors: Gappmair Wilfried , Ginesi Alberto 
Published: July 2016

SummaryData throughput and availability of multibeam satellite links are limited by interference problems, in particular when the design is determined by an aggressive reuse of frequency bands. Usually, this is mitigated by appropriately selected techniques like precoding or multi‐user detection. Before such methods are applicable, however, the most important transmission parameters have to be recovered successfully even under very challenging conditions caused by (full) frequency reuse. The detailed analysis of the log‐likelihood function characterizing the multibeam scenario shows that a beamwise decoupling of the estimation task is possible, if the following three conditions are met: (i) alignment of all frequency offsets; (ii) symbol synchronicity; (iii) orthogonal synchronization sequences. Based on these assumptions, it turns out that the modified Cramer‐Rao lower bound (MCRLB) for carrier frequency and phase, symbol timing and signal amplitude is the same, no matter whether we are dealing with a single or a multiple beam situation. Furthermore, because a maximum likelihood framework for parameter estimation is not available in closed form, we introduce a sub‐optimal concept of low‐complex algorithms. Finally, it is verified by simulation results that the jitter variance of each recovery scheme is close to the related MCRLB, when the decoupling conditions are satisfied. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Entering new markets: The effect of performance feedback near aspiration and well below and above it
Authors: Ref Ohad , Shapira Zur 
Published: July 2016

Research summary: This study draws on the resource‐based view and the behavioral theory of the firm to gain new insights about the effect of performance relative to aspiration level (i.e., performance feedback) on the decision to enter new markets. Results show an inverted U‐shaped relationship between performance both below and above aspiration level, and the probability of firms to enter new markets. That is, when firms are well below or well above their aspiration level, they significantly change their behavior. This article develops a theoretical framework to clarify and organize these findings.Managerial summary: This study examines the effect of performance feedback, and particularly, large discrepancies between firm performance and aspiration level on the decision to enter new markets. It provides support to the role of performance feedback in affecting the decision to enter new markets, a factor that has received relatively little attention in the extensive literature that has examined the inducements of such moves. Results show that, as performance falls below or rises above aspiration, a firm's probability of entering new markets increases up to a certain point after which this relationship decreases. This shows that the tendency to enter new markets is different for firms that are in the neighborhood of aspiration level compared to those that are well below or above it. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effective secondary science programs: A best‐evidence synthesis
Authors: Cheung Alan , Slavin Robert E. , Kim Elizabeth , Lake Cynthia 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis article reports a systematic review of research on science programs in grades 6–12. Twenty‐one studies met inclusion criteria including use of randomized or quasi‐experimental assignment to conditions, measures that assess content emphasized equally in experimental and control groups, and a duration of at least 12 weeks. Programs fell into four categories. Instructional process programs (ES = +0.17) and technology programs (ES = +0.47) had positive sample‐size weighted mean effect sizes, while use of science kits (ES = −0.02) and innovative textbooks (ES = +0.10) had much lower effects. Outcomes support the use of programs with a strong focus on professional development, technology, and support for teaching, rather than materials‐focused innovations. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 54: 58–81, 2017
Twenty‐eight‐day repeated inhalation toxicity study of nano‐sized lanthanum oxide in male sprague‐dawley rats
Authors: Shin Seo‐Ho , Lim Cheol‐Hong , Kim Yong‐Soon , Lee Yong‐Hoon , Kim Sung‐Hwan , Kim Jong‐Choon 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTAlthough the use of lanthanum has increased in field of high‐tech industry worldwide, potential adverse effects to human health and to the environment are largely unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the potential toxicity of nano‐sized lanthanum oxide (La2O3) following repeated inhalation exposure in male Sprague‐Dawley rats. Male rats were exposed nose‐only to nano‐sized La2O3 for 28 days (5 days/week) at doses of 0, 0.5, 2.5, and 10 mg/m3. In the experimental period, we evaluated treatment‐related changes including clinical signs, body weight, hematology, serum biochemistry, necropsy findings, organ weight, and histopathology findings. We also analyzed lanthanum distribution in the major organs and in the blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF), and oxidative stress in lung tissues. Lanthanum level was highest in lung tissues and showed a dose‐dependent relation. Alveolar proteinosis was observed in all treatment groups and was accompanied by an increase in lung weight; moreover, lung inflammation was observed in the 2.5 mg/m3 and higher dose groups and was accompanied by an increase in white blood cells. In the BALF, total cell counts including macrophages and neutrophils, lactate dehydrogenase, albumin, nitric oxide, and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha increased significantly in all treatment groups. Furthermore, these changes tended to deteriorate in the 10 mg/m3 group at the end of the recovery period. In the present experimental conditions, we found that the lowest‐observed‐adverse‐effect level of nano‐sized La2O3 was 0.5 mg/m3 in male rats, and the target organ was the lung. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1226–1240, 2017.
Ultimate design load analysis of planetary gearbox bearings under extreme events
Authors: Gallego‐Calderon Juan , Natarajan Anand , Cutululis Nicolaos A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of extreme events on the planet bearings of a 5 MW gearbox. The system is simulated using an aeroelastic tool, where the turbine structure is modeled, and MATLAB/Simulink, where the drivetrain (gearbox and generator) are modeled using a lumped‐parameter approach. Three extreme events are assessed: low‐voltage ride through, emergency stop and normal stop. The analysis is focused on finding which event has the most negative impact on the bearing extreme radial loads. The two latter events are carried out following the guidelines of the International Electrotechnical Commission standard 61400‐1. The former is carried out by applying a voltage fault while simulating the wind turbine under normal turbulent wind conditions. The voltage faults are defined by following the guidelines from four different grid codes in order to assess the impact on the bearings. The results show that the grid code specifications have a dominant role in the maximum loads achieved by the bearings during a low‐voltage ride through. Moreover, the emergency brake shows the highest impact by increasing the bearing loads up to three times the rated value. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical investigation of wind turbine wake development in directionally sheared inflow
Authors: Bromm Marc , Vollmer Lukas , Kühn Martin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTurbines in wind farms are subject to complex mutual aerodynamic interactions, which in detail depend upon the characteristics of the atmospheric boundary layer. Our two objectives with this paper were to investigate the impact of directionally sheared inflow on the wake development behind a single wind turbine and to analyse the impact of the wakes on the energy yield and loading of a downstream turbine, which is exposed to partial and full wake conditions. We performed simulations with a framework based on a coupled approach of large‐eddy simulation and an actuator line representation of an aeroelastic turbine model. Our results show that directionally sheared inflow leads to a non‐symmetrical wake development, which transfers to distinct differences in the energy yield and loading of downstream turbines of equal lateral offsets in opposite direction. Therefore, the assumption of wakes being axisymmetrical could lead to notable deviations in the prediction of wake behaviour and their impact on downstream turbines for atmospheric inflow conditions, which include directional shear. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recent applications of phthalocyanines and naphthalocyanines for imaging and therapy
Authors: Zhang Yumiao , Lovell Jonathan F. 
Published: July 2016

With high extinction coefficients and long absorption wavelengths in the near infrared region, phthalocyanines (Pcs) and naphthalocyanines (Ncs) are well‐suited for optical imaging and phototherapies in biological tissues. Pcs and Ncs have been used in a range of theranostic applications. Peripheral and axial substituents can be introduced to Pcs and Ncs for chemical modification. Seamless metal chelation of Pcs or Ncs can expand their possibilities as medical therapeutic and imaging agents. Nanoparticulate approaches enable unique ways to deliver Pcs and Ncs to target tissues and improve their solubility, biocompatibility, biodistribution and stability. Herein, we highlight some recent Pc or Nc nanoscale systems for theranostic applications. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1420. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1420This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Electrochemotherapy in the Treatment of Bone Metastases: A Phase II Trial
Authors: Bianchi Giuseppe , Campanacci Laura , Ronchetti Mattia , Donati Davide 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIntroductionBone metastatic disease is a major cause of pain and decreased quality of life in patients with cancer. In addition to systemic therapy and pain control with narcotic analgesics, standard local treatments include palliation with radiation therapy and surgery. However, 20–30 % of patients do not respond to conventional treatments, increasing the interest in alternative therapies. We present the results of a new minimally invasive technique in the treatment of bone metastases.MethodsTwenty‐nine patients affected by painful bone metastases were treated with electrochemotherapy (ECT) from July 2009 to July 2011; the mean age was 60 years (range 37–87); 21 patients received a previous ineffective local treatment; the appendicular skeleton was affected in 15 patients while in 14 patients other sites were involved. ECT was performed using the Cliniporator Vitae under fluoroscopy or CT guidance depending on the site of the lesion. Clinical response was assessed using VAS scale and objective tumour response was evaluated according to the MD Anderson criteria for bone metastases.ResultsAll patients well tolerated the procedure and no intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed. At a mean follow‐up of 7 months, 24 patients were available for evaluation. 84 % of the patients (20 out of 24) referred improvement of pain ≥50 % with reduction of narcotics consumption. Radiographic evaluation after 3 months in 20 evaluable patients, showed “partial response” in 1 patient, “stable disease” in 17 and “progression” in two cases.DiscussionResults reported in this study demonstrated ECT to be safe and feasible in the treatment of painful bone metastases even when other previous treatments were ineffective. Pain and disease progression control was achieved in the majority of the patients with consequent improvement of quality of life.ConclusionECT should be considered a new feasible tool in the treatment of bone metastases in place or in combination with standard treatments; further developments are required to extend the use of this technique to spine metastases.
Anxiety symptoms in a major mood and schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Authors: Karpov B. , Joffe G. , Aaltonen K. , Suvisaari J. , Baryshnikov I. , Näätänen P. , Koivisto M. , Melartin T. , Oksanen J. , Suominen K. , Heikkinen M. , Paunio T. , Isometsä E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundComorbid anxiety symptoms and disorders are present in many psychiatric disorders, but methodological variations render comparisons of their frequency and intensity difficult. Furthermore, whether risk factors for comorbid anxiety symptoms are similar in patients with mood disorders and schizophrenia spectrum disorders remains unclear.MethodsThe Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale (OASIS) was used to measure anxiety symptoms in psychiatric care patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (SSA, n = 113), bipolar disorder (BD, n = 99), or depressive disorder (DD, n = 188) in the Helsinki University Psychiatric Consortium Study. Bivariate correlations and multivariate linear regression models were used to examine associations of depressive symptoms, neuroticism, early psychological trauma and distress, self-efficacy, symptoms of borderline personality disorder, and attachment style with anxiety symptoms in the three diagnostic groups.ResultsFrequent or constant anxiety was reported by 40.2% of SSA, 51.5% of BD, and 55.6% of DD patients; it was described as severe or extreme by 43.8%, 41.4%, and 41.2% of these patients, respectively. SSA patients were significantly less anxious (P = 0.010) and less often avoided anxiety-provoking situations (P = 0.009) than the other patients. In regression analyses, OASIS was associated with high neuroticism, symptoms of depression and borderline personality disorder and low self-efficacy in all patients, and with early trauma in patients with mood disorders.ConclusionsComorbid anxiety symptoms are ubiquitous among psychiatric patients with mood or schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and in almost half of them, reportedly severe. Anxiety symptoms appear to be strongly related to both concurrent depressive symptoms and personality characteristics, regardless of principal diagnosis.
Assessing social anhedonia in adolescence: The ACIPS-A in a community sample
Authors: Gooding D.C. , Pflum M.J. , Fonseca-Pedero E. , Paino M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTo date, nearly all self-report measures of anhedonia have been developed for use with adult samples. A valid measure of anhedonia that can be used with adolescents would be useful in order to address key questions about the nature and course of anhedonia during adolescence. This study examined the psychometric properties of an adolescent version of a relatively new measure of social anhedonia, namely, the Anticipatory and Consummatory Interpersonal Pleasure Scale (ACIPS-A). The ACIPS-A was administered to a general, community-derived Spanish adolescent sample of 449 students, including 251 males (55.9%), who ranged in age from 13 to 19 years old. Other measures included the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS), anhedonia subscales from the Oviedo Schizotypy Assessment Questionnaire (ESQUIZO-Q), and the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12). Exploratory factor analysis yielded a four-factor solution (close relationships, casual friendships and relationships, social bonding, and negative affiliation/emancipation). The total ACIPS-A showed excellent internal consistency, with ordinal alpha = 0.95. The ACIPS-A total scores were positively correlated with the TEPS-Anticipatory scores (r= 0.44,P< 0.001) and TEPS-Consummatory scores (r= 0.30,P< 0.001) but not with total GHQ-12 scores. The ACIPS-A total scores were negatively correlated with social anhedonia subscale scores (r= −0.55) taken from a measure developed for use with adolescents. These results suggest that the ACIPS-A is a valid measure for use with non-clinical adolescents and is likely to prove useful for screening purposes.
Interleukin‐6 role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma progression
Authors: Choudhary Moaz M. , France Thomas J. , Teknos Theodoros N. , Kumar Pawan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractInterleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is a pleiotropic cytokine which plays an important role in a number of cellular processes including proliferation, survival, differentiation, migration and invasion. IL‐6 mediates its downstream effects by activating a number of signaling cascades including JAK/STAT, PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways. In addition to its effects on tumor cells, IL‐6 also regulates tumor progression and tumor metastasis by modulating tumor angiogenesis and tumor lymphangiogenesis. A number of studies have shown that IL‐6 levels are markedly upregulated in cancer patients. We and others have shown that high IL‐6 expression independently predicts tumor recurrence, tumor metastasis and poor survival in head and neck cancer patients. Therefore targeting IL‐6 signaling is a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the role of IL‐6 in HNSCC progression and potential therapeutic strategies to target IL‐6 signaling for the treatment of head and neck cancer patients.
Changes in ice-shelf buttressing following the collapse of Larsen A Ice Shelf, Antarctica, and the resulting impact on tributaries
Authors: ROYSTON SAM , GUDMUNDSSON G. HILMAR 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThe dominant mass-loss process on the Antarctic Peninsula has been ice-shelf collapse, including the Larsen A Ice Shelf in early 1995. Following this collapse, there was rapid speed up and thinning of its tributary glaciers. We model the impact of this ice-shelf collapse on upstream tributaries, and compare with observations using new datasets of surface velocity and ice thickness. Using a two-horizontal-dimension shallow shelf approximation model, we are able to replicate the observed large increase in surface velocity that occurred within Drygalski Glacier, Antarctic Peninsula. The model results show an instantaneous twofold increase in flux across the grounding line, caused solely from the reduction in backstress through ice shelf removal. This demonstrates the importance of ice-shelf buttressing for flow upstream of the grounding line and highlights the need to explicitly include lateral stresses when modelling real-world settings. We hypothesise that further increases in velocity and flux observed since the ice-shelf collapse result from transient mass redistribution effects. Reproducing these effects poses the next, more stringent test of glacier and ice-sheet modelling studies.
The first Triassic ‘Protodonatan’ (Zygophlebiidae) from China: stratigraphical implications
Authors: ZHENG D. R. , NEL A. , WANG B. , JARZEMBOWSKI E. A. , CHANG S.-C. , ZHANG H. C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe clade Triadophlebioptera within the Odonatoptera greatly diversified and became widely distributed worldwide during the Triassic. Although abundant insect fossils have been reported from the Triassic of China, no Triassic dragonflies have been recorded. In this paper,Zygophlebia tongchuanensissp. nov., the first species of Zygophlebiidae discovered outside the Madygen Formation of Kyrgyzstan, is described from the Middle–Upper Triassic Tongchuan Formation of Shaanxi Province, northwestern China. The discovery extends the distribution of the family Zygophlebiidae in Asia, indicating a high diversity of Triadophlebioptera during Middle–Late Triassic times. Combined with the palaeontological and geochronological evidence, the age of the Tongchuan Formation is considered to be Anisian – Early Carnian, and the insect-bearing layers are considered to be Ladinian.
Corilagin ameliorates schistosomiasis hepatic fibrosis through regulating IL-13 associated signal pathway in vitro and in vivo
Authors: LI HUA-RONG , LI GANG , LI MAN , ZHANG SHU-LING , WANG HENG , LUO TAO , WU FEI , DONG JI-HUA , GUO YUAN-JIN , ZHAO LEI 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYInterleukin (IL)-13-associated signal pathway plays an important role in schistosomiasis hepatic fibrosis. In this study we tried to investigate the effects of corilagin to ameliorate schistosomiasis hepatic fibrosis through regulating IL-13-associated signal pathway in vitro and in vivo. Cellular model was set up with hepatic stellate cells-T6 cells stimulated by rIL-13 and male Balb/c mice were infected with Schistosoma japonicum cercariaeas as animal model. Liver histological changes were observed with haematoxylin and eosin staining. Masson staining was employed to observe the change of egg granulomas. Expression of Col (collagen) and Col III were examined with Immunohistochemistry. Western bolt was employed to detect the JAK-1 and IL13Rα1 proteins. The mRNA expression of Col I, Col III, IL-13, JAK-1 and IL13Rα1 were tested by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. As a result, less inflammatory changes were found in all corilagin groups compared with model group and praziquantel group. The mRNA levels of Col I, Col III, IL-13, JAK-1 and IL13Rα1 were significantly decreased after corilagin intervention (P < 0·01). JAK-1 and IL-13Rα1 protein levels were also greatly decreased in the corilagin groups (P < 0·01). In conclusion, corilagin could ameliorate schistosomiasis hepatic fibrosis by down-regulating the expression of IL-13 and signal molecules in IL-13 pathway.
The natural history of internalizing behaviours from adolescence to emerging adulthood: findings from the Australian Temperament Project
Authors: Betts K. S. , Baker P. , Alati R. , McIntosh J. E. , Macdonald J. A. , Letcher P. , Olsson C. A. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundThe aims of the study were to describe the patterning and persistence of anxiety and depressive symptoms from adolescence to young adulthood and to examine long-term developmental relationships with earlier patterns of internalizing behaviours in childhood.MethodWe used parallel processes latent growth curve modelling to build trajectories of internalizing from adolescence to adulthood, using seven waves of follow-ups (ages 11–27 years) from 1406 participants of the Australian Temperament Project. We then used latent factors to capture the stability of maternal reported child internalizing symptoms across three waves of early childhood follow-ups (ages 5, 7 and 9 years), and examined relationships among these patterns of symptoms across the three developmental periods, adjusting for gender and socio-economic status.ResultsWe observed strong continuity in depressive symptoms from adolescence to young adulthood. In contrast, adolescent anxiety was not persistent across the same period, nor was it related to later depressive symptoms. Anxiety was, however, related to non-specific stress in young adulthood, but only moderately so. Although childhood internalizing was related to adolescent and adult profiles, the associations were weak and indirect by adulthood, suggesting that other factors are important in the development of internalizing symptoms.ConclusionsOnce established, adolescent depressive symptoms are not only strongly persistent, but also have the potential to differentiate into anxiety in young adulthood. Relationships with childhood internalizing symptoms are weak, suggesting that early adolescence may be an important period for targeted intervention, but also that further research into the childhood origins of internalizing behaviours is needed.