bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Period Prevalence and Reporting Rate of Needlestick Injuries to Nurses in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Rezaei Satar , Hajizadeh Mohammad , Zandian Hamed , Fathi Afshin , Nouri Bijan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to provide a precise estimate of the period prevalence of needlestick injuries (NSI) among nurses working in hospitals in Iran and the reporting rate of NSI to nurse managers. We searched both international (PubMed, Scopus and the Institute for Scientific Information) and Iranian (Scientific Information Database, Iranmedex and Magiran) scientific databases to find studies published from 2000 to 2016 of NSI among Iranian nurses. The following keywords in Persian and English were used: “needle‐stick” or “needle stick” or “needlestick,” with and without “injury” or “injuries,” “prevalence” or “frequency,” “nurses” or “nursing staff,” and “Iran.” In a sample of 21 articles with 6,480 participants, we estimated that the overall 1‐year period prevalence of NSI was 44% (95% confidence interval [CI], 35–53%) among Iranian nurses. The overall 1‐year period prevalence of reporting NSI to nurse managers was 42% (95% CI, 33–52%). In meta‐regression analysis, sample size, mean age, years of experience, and gender ratio were not associated with prevalence of NSI or reporting rate. The year of data collection was positively associated with period prevalence of NSI (p < .05), but not with the period prevalence of reporting NSI to nurse managers. Results indicated a high NSI period prevalence and low NSI reporting rate among nurses in Iran. Thus, effective interventions are required in hospitals in Iran to reduce the prevalence and increase the reporting rate of NSI. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inflammatory potential of diet, weight gain, and incidence of overweight/obesity: The SUN cohort
Authors: Ramallal Raúl , Toledo Estefanía , Martínez J. Alfredo , Shivappa Nitin , Hébert James R. , Martínez‐González Miguel A. , Ruiz‐Canela Miguel 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveThis study prospectively assessed the association of the inflammatory potential of a diet using the dietary inflammatory index (DII) with average yearly weight changes and incident overweight/obesity.MethodsSeven thousand and twenty‐seven university graduates with body mass index <25 from the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort were followed up during a median of 8.1 years. The DII, a validated tool based on scientific evidence to appraise the relationship between dietary parameters and inflammatory biomarkers, was used. A validated food‐frequency questionnaire was used to assess intake of total energy, food, and nutrients, from which DII scores were calculated at baseline and after 10 years of follow‐up.ResultsAfter a median follow‐up of 8.1 years, 1,433 incident cases of overweight or obesity were observed. Hazard ratios for overweight/obesity were calculated, including multivariable time‐dependent Cox regression models with repeated measures of diet. The hazard ratio for subjects in the highest quartile (most pro‐inflammatory diet) was 1.32 (95% confidence interval 1.08‐1.60) compared with participants in the lowest quartile (most anti‐inflammatory diet), with a significant linear dose‐response relationship (P = 0.004). Consistently, increases in average yearly weight gains were significantly associated with proinflammatory diets.ConclusionsA proinflammatory diet was significantly associated with a higher annual weight gain and higher risk of developing new‐onset overweight or obesity.
Randomized trial reveals that physical activity and energy expenditure are associated with weight and body composition after RYGB
Authors: Carnero Elvis Alvarez , Dubis Gabriel S. , Hames Kazanna C. , Jakicic John M. , Houmard Joseph A. , Coen Paul M. , Goodpaster Bret H. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveThis study investigated the associations of both physical activity time (PA) and energy expenditure (EE) with weight and fat mass (FM) loss in patients following Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery.MethodsNinety‐six nondiabetic patients were included in this analysis. Post‐RYGB patients were randomized in one of two treatments: A 6‐month exercise training program (RYBG+EX) or lifestyle educational classes (RYGB). Body composition was assessed by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and computed tomography. Components of PA and EE were quantified by a multisensory device. Dose‐response relationships of both PA and EE with weight loss and body composition were explored according to quartiles of change in steps per day.ResultsPatients in the highest quartiles of steps per day change lost more FM (3rd = −19.5 kg and 4th = −22.7 kg, P < 0.05) and abdominal adipose tissue (4th = −313 cm2, P < 0.05), maintained skeletal muscle mass (3rd = −3.1 cm2 and 4th = −4.5 cm2, P <  0.05), and had greater reductions in resting metabolic rate. Decreases in sedentary EE and increases in light EE and age were significant predictors of both Δweight and ΔFM (R2 = 73.8% and R2 = 70.6%, respectively).ConclusionsNondiabetic patients who perform higher, yet still modest, amounts of PA following RYGB have greater energy deficits and lose more weight and FM, while maintaining higher skeletal muscle mass.
Identifying metrics of success for transitional care practices in childhood cancer survivorship: A qualitative study of survivorship providers
Authors: Sadak Karim Thomas , Neglia Joseph P. , Freyer David R. , Harwood Eileen 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term survival in childhood cancer is excellent. Most survivors will have a therapy‐related chronic condition, yet very few receive survivor‐focused care as they transition from adolescence to young adulthood. The purpose of this study is to identify indicators of success in current transitional care practices for young adult survivors of childhood cancer as defined by all members of survivorship care teams.ProcedureAn exploratory, phenomenologic qualitative study was conducted with key informants from medical teams involved in transitional care of childhood cancer survivors. Data were collected through phone interviews with providers from both pediatric and adult care settings.ResultsA multidisciplinary study sample of 29 participants from three institutions identified two major themes with multiple subthemes. The first major theme was that providers must be good communicators, and it emphasized the importance of having good relationships throughout the transition of care to optimize effective communication. The second major theme was that models of care must include well‐established partners throughout the healthcare system that promote accessible subspecialty care with streamlined referrals and patient navigation services.ConclusionsFrom the perspective of experienced pediatric‐ and adult‐centered providers at three different institutions delivering life‐long transitional care for childhood cancer survivors, the optimal model of care must be built around facilitating communication among all key stakeholders and emphasizing patient‐friendly services that minimize patient stressors.
Predicting frequent emergency department visits among children with asthma using EHR data
Authors: Das Lala T. , Abramson Erika L. , Stone Anne E. , Kondrich Janienne E. , Kern Lisa M. , Grinspan Zachary M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveFor children with asthma, emergency department (ED) visits are common, expensive, and often avoidable. Though several factors are associated with ED use (demographics, comorbidities, insurance, medications), its predictability using electronic health record (EHR) data is understudied.MethodsWe used a retrospective cohort study design and EHR data from one center to examine the relationship of patient factors in 1 year (2013) and the likelihood of frequent ED use (≥2 visits) in the following year (2014), using bivariate and multivariable statistics. We applied and compared several machine‐learning algorithms to predict frequent ED use, then selected a model based on accuracy, parsimony, and interpretability.ResultsWe identified 2691 children. In bivariate analyses, future frequent ED use was associated with demographics, co‐morbidities, insurance status, medication history, and use of healthcare resources. Machine learning algorithms had very good AUC (area under the curve) values [0.66‐0.87], though fair PPV (positive predictive value) [48‐70%] and poor sensitivity [16‐27%]. Our final multivariable logistic regression model contained two variables: insurance status and prior ED use. For publicly insured patients, the odds of frequent ED use were 3.1 [2.2‐4.5] times that of privately insured patients. Publicly insured patients with 4+ ED visits and privately insured patients with 6+ ED visits in a year had ≥50% probability of frequent ED use the following year. The model had an AUC of 0.86, PPV of 56%, and sensitivity of 23%.ConclusionAmong children with asthma, prior frequent ED use and insurance status strongly predict future ED use.
How Do Packaging Material, Colour and Environmental Claim Influence Package, Brand and Product Evaluations?
Authors: Magnier Lise , Schoormans Jan 
Published: May 2017

The success of environment‐friendly packages is highly dependent on consumers' understanding and acceptance of these packages. In an experiment using a 3 × 2 between‐subject design, this study tests how style elements (i.e. the material and the colour) influence perceptions of packaging environment‐friendliness when an environmental claim is either absent from or displayed on the package. Next, the study tests the effects of the style elements and environmental claim on the evaluation of the social responsibility of the brand as well as on the inferences about product environment‐friendliness. Based on the responses of 207 participants from a Dutch consumer panel, the results show that the style elements and environmental claim influenced both the evaluations of packaging eco‐friendliness and the social responsibility of the brand. When an environmental claim about the package was displayed on the package, the results show that the material is worth a thousand words as the credibility of the claim was always significantly higher when the package was made of a fibre‐based material. Finally, the effect of the material on the inferences about product environment‐friendliness is underlined and implications for designers, managers and policy‐makers are highlighted. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Über die Anpassung eines fortschrittlichen Stützwirkungsansatzes für das Kerbspannungskonzept
Authors: Lang Robert , Ladinek Markus , Lener Gerhard 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDer Nachweis der Betriebsfestigkeit für geschweißte Verbindungen nach dem Kerbspannungskonzept erfordert vor der Berechnung der Spannungen eine fiktive Ausrundung der Geometrie im Bereich des Nahtüberganges und der Wurzel. Diese Ausrundung verhindert einerseits die sonst zwangsläufig auftretende Spannungssingularität und modifiziert gleichzeitig die Spannung um die Kerbempfindlichkeit. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Verfahren vorgestellt, das auf die Ausrundung verzichtet und dennoch alle erforderlichen Aspekte der Beurteilung der Betriebsfestigkeit nach dem Kerbspannungskonzept beinhaltet.
Numerical strategy for developing a probabilistic model for elements of reinforced concrete
Authors: Nader Christian , Rossi Pierre , Tailhan Jean‐Louis 
Published: May 2017

This paper introduces a new approach to model cracking processes in large reinforced concrete structures, like dams or nuclear power plants. For these types of structures it is unreasonable, due to calculation time, to explicitly model rebars and steel–concrete bonds. To solve this problem, we developed, in the framework of the finite element method, a probabilistic macroscopic cracking model based on a multiscale simulation strategy: the probabilistic model for (finite) elements of reinforced concrete (PMERC).The PMERC’s identification strategy is case‐specific because it holds information about the local behavior, obtained in advance via numerical experimentations. This information is then projected to the macroscopic finite element scale via inverse analysis.The numerical experimentations are performed using a validated cracking model allowing a fine description of the cracking processes.The method used in the inverse analysis is inspired from regression (supervised learning) algorithms: data on the local scale—the training data coupled with working knowledge of the mechanical problem—would shape the macroscopic model.Although the identification phase can be relatively time‐consuming, the structural simulation is as a result, very fast, leading to a sensitive reduction of the overall computational time.It is proposed a first validation of this multiscale modeling strategy on a reinforced concrete slab‐beam subjected to three‐point bending. We achieved promising results in terms of global behavior and macrocracking (mainly crack openings), and an important reduction in calculation time—up to 99% reduction! So we believe this is a promising approach to solve bigger and more complex structures in shorter time.
Biological Implant for Complex Abdominal Wall Reconstruction: A Single Institution Experience and Review of Literature
Authors: Limura Elsa , Giordano Pasquale 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimTo present our single institution and surgeon’s complex abdominal wall reconstructions (CAWR) experience with Permacol™ mesh through a non‐randomized study.Patients and methodData of 51 consecutive patients were prospectively collected between 2003 and 2015. Patients had a median of 3 comorbidities (range 0–10) and 68% were Center for Disease Control class II–IV. The mean previous repair was 1.3 (range, 0–12), and 25 (44%) had a mesh in situ. The median defect size was 625 cm2.ResultsAmong the 56 CAWR procedures, in 16 (29%) bowel resection/anastomosis was performed. The overall post‐operative complication rate was 45%, and it was wound‐related except from 1 patient dead for myocardial infarction. One was lost at follow‐up. Five were re‐operated for recurrence with a second Permacol mesh, leading to 14 (26%) overall recurrences at a mean follow‐up of 44 months (range, 4–123). In 33 (59%) cases, fascial closure was achieved. The mesh placement was intraperitoneal in 89%, retro‐muscular in 9% and supra‐fascial in 1% of cases. A multivariate analysis showed that predictor risk for recurrence was more than 3 previous repairs, wound class III–IV, whereas age, type of comorbidities, defect size and fascial closure did not influence the recurrence. Median post‐operative performance status was 0 (range; 0–3). A satisfaction questionnaire was obtained in 43 patients, and 86% of them were satisfied with the outcome.ConclusionsBiological materials have the potential to reduce morbidity and improve outcome of definitive repair of CAWR.
Gene therapy for lysosomal storage disorders: recent advances for metachromatic leukodystrophy and mucopolysaccaridosis I
Authors: Penati Rachele , Fumagalli Francesca , Calbi Valeria , Bernardo Maria Ester , Aiuti Alessandro 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are rare inherited metabolic disorders characterized by a dysfunction in lysosomes, leading to waste material accumulation and severe organ damage. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) have been exploited as potential treatments for LSDs but pre‐clinical and clinical studies have shown in some cases limited efficacy. Intravenous ERT is able to control the damage of visceral organs but cannot prevent nervous impairment. Depending on the disease type, HSCT has important limitations when performed for early variants, unless treatment occurs before disease onset. In the attempt to overcome these issues, gene therapy has been proposed as a valuable therapeutic option, either ex vivo, with target cells genetically modified in vitro, or in vivo, by inserting the genetic material with systemic or intra‐parenchymal, in situ administration. In particular, the use of autologous haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) transduced with a viral vector containing a healthy copy of the mutated gene would allow supra‐normal production of the defective enzyme and cross correction of target cells in multiple tissues, including the central nervous system. This review will provide an overview of the most recent scientific advances in HSC‐based gene therapy approaches for the treatment of LSDs with particular focus on metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) and mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS‐I).
MERS‐CoV papain-like protease (PLpro): expression, purification, and spectroscopic/thermodynamic characterization
Authors: Malik Ajamaluddin , Alsenaidy Mohammad A. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Within a decade, MERS-CoV emerged with nearly four times higher case fatality rate than an earlier outbreak of SARS-CoV and spread out in 27 countries in short span of time. As an emerging virus, combating it requires an in-depth understanding of its molecular machinery. Therefore, conformational characterization studies of coronavirus proteins are necessary to advance our knowledge of the matter for the development of antiviral therapies. In this study, MERS-CoV papain-like protease (PLpro) was recombinantly expressed and purified. Thermal folding pathway and thermodynamic properties were characterized using dynamic multimode spectroscopy (DMS) and thermal shift assay. DMS study showed that the PLpro undergoes a single thermal transition and follows a pathway of two-state folding with T
m and van’t Hoff enthalpy values of 54.4 ± 0.1 °C and 317.1 ± 3.9 kJ/mol, respectively. An orthogonal technique based on intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence also showed that MERS-CoV PLpro undergoes a single thermal transition and unfolds via a pathway of two-state folding with a T
m value of 51.4 °C. Our findings provide significant understandings of the thermodynamic and structural properties of MERS-CoV PLpro.
Short post‐weaning social isolation induces long‐term changes in the dopaminergic system and increases susceptibility to psychostimulants in female rats
Authors: Lampert Carine , Arcego Danusa Mar , de Sá Couto‐Pereira Natividade , dos Santos Vieira Aline , Toniazzo Ana Paula , Krolow Rachel , Garcia Emily , Vendite Deusa Aparecida , Calcagnotto Maria Elisa , Dalmaz Carla 
Published: May 2017

AbstractChildhood and adolescence are sensitive periods of development, marked by high brain maturation and plasticity. Exposure to early life stress, such as social isolation, is able to prompt changes in sensitive brain circuitries, essentially in the mesolimbic dopaminergic system and increase the risk for addictive behaviors later in life. Post‐weaning social isolation can stimulate the consumption of rewarding substances, like drugs of abuse and palatable foods. However, most studies analyze long periods of social isolation and very little is known about the effects of a brief social isolation in a sensitive period of development and its association with palatable food on the reward system sensitization. Furthermore, females are more susceptible to the reinforcing effect of drugs than males. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the effects of a short post‐weaning social isolation combined with a free access to a chronic high sugar diet (HSD) on the dopaminergic system, oxidative status and behavioral response to an amphetamine‐like drug in adulthood. We used female Wistar rats that were socially isolated from post‐natal days (PD) 21 to 35 and received free access to a HSD until PD 60. On PD 65, animals were submitted to a challenge with diethylpropion (DEP), an amphetamine‐like drug and different responses were analyzed: locomotor activity, immmunocontent of dopamine related proteins, and the oxidative status in the striatum, before and after the DEP challenge. We showed that a short post‐weaning social isolation (SI) increased the locomotor response to DEP, when compared with previous saline administration. Social isolation also increased dopamine transporter, tyrosine hydroxylase, and decreased dopamine D2 receptor immunocontent. Additionally, SI increased the overall oxidative status parameters after the challenge with DEP. Interestingly, the exposure to a HSD prevented the SI effects on locomotor response, but did not interfere in the dopaminergic parameters evaluated, despite having modified some oxidative parameters. This study showed for the first time that a short post‐weaning social isolation was able to induce long‐term changes in the striatal dopaminergic system and increased the response to psychostimulants. These results emphasize the importance of stressful experiences during a short period of development on programming susceptibility to psychostimulants later in life.
Emission prediction in conceptual design of the aircraft engines using augmented CRN
Authors: Saboohi Z. , Ommi F. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThe semi-analytical prediction of pollutants emissions from gas turbines in the conceptual design phase is addressed in this paper. The necessity of this work arose from an urgent need for a comprehensive model that can quickly provide data in the conceptual design phase. Based on the available inputs data in the initial phases of the design process, a chemical reactor network (CRN) is defined to model the combustion with a detailed chemistry. In this way, three different chemical mechanisms are studied for Jet-A aviation fuel. Furthermore, the droplet evaporation for liquid fuel and the non-uniformity in fuel-air mixture are modelled. The results of a developed augmented modelling tool are compared with the pollutants data of two annular engine's combustors. The CRN results have good agreement with the actual engine test rig emissions output. In conclusion, the augmented CRN has shown to be efficient in predicting engine emissions with a very short executing time (few seconds) using a small CPU requirement such as a personal computer.
AN ECONOMIC PREMIUM PRINCIPLE UNDER THE DUAL THEORY OF THE SMOOTH AMBIGUITY MODEL
Authors: Fujii Yoichiro , Iwaki Hideki , Osaki Yusuke 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study considers a pure exchange economy with insurance against ambiguous loss. Ambiguity preferences are represented by the dual theory of the smooth ambiguity model from Iwaki and Osaki (2014). The economic premium principle of Bühlmann (1980, 1984) is extended to ambiguity. We also perform some comparative statics and present sufficient conditions under which an increase in ambiguity aversion increases insurance demand and insurance premiums. Contrary to the result in Tsanakas and Christofides (2006), the optimal demand for insurance is not always comonotonic, because our model permits an economy comprising both ambiguity averse and ambiguity loving agents.