bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A rigid, stand‐off hybrid dipole, and birdcage coil array for 7 T body imaging
Authors: Paška Jan , Cloos Martijn A. , Wiggins Graham C. 
Published: December 2017

PurposeTo design a robust and patient friendly radiofrequency coil array (8‐channel transmit and 16‐channel receive) for cross‐sectional body imaging at 7 T, and to improve our understanding of the combination of dipole and loop like elements for ultra high field strengths.MethodsThe hybrid coil array was optimized in eletromagnetic simulations. Considered array candidates were the dipole, loop and birdcage array. The winning design was constructed and the signal‐to‐noise (SNR) was compared to a close fitting array at 3 T. Transmit and receive properties for different body sizes were assessed, and multi‐parametric maps were acquired with the Plug‐and‐Play MRF method.ResultsThe winning design consists of a dipole array for transceive combined with a birdcage array for receive only. The central SNR improved by a factor of 3 as compared to a 3 T system with a local receive array. A transmit efficiency between 2.4 and 3.9
, a specific absorption rate efficiency of 0.25 to 0.53
, and a high SNR was achieved in the center for the targeted patient population.ConclusionThe constructed coil array is easy to handle, safe, and patient friendly, allowing further development of abdominal imaging at 7 T. Quantitative MRI in the abdomen is possible with Plug‐and‐Play MRF using the designed coil array. Magn Reson Med 80:822–832, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Mathematical analysis for management of released fish
Authors: Yoshioka H. , Yaegashi Y. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThis short paper presents an optimal control model for cost‐effective and ecologically conscious management of released fish. Finding an optimal management strategy reduces to solving a Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman equation having a solution by separation of variables. This paper analyzes the behavior of the solution and the associated optimal management strategy. The latter is verified with an actual strategy for Plecoglossus altivelis in Japan.
Germline APC mutations in hepatoblastoma
Authors: Yang Adeline , Sisson Rebecca , Gupta Anita , Tiao Greg , Geller James I. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundConflicting reports on the frequency of germline adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene mutations in patients with hepatoblastoma (HB) have called into question the clinical value of APC mutation testing on apparently sporadic HB.MethodsAn Institutional Review Board approved retrospective review of clinical data collected from patients with HB who received APC testing at our institution was conducted. All HB patients seen at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center were eligible for testing. Potential genotype/phenotype correlations were assessed.ResultsAs of July 2015, 29 patients with HB had received constitutional APC testing. Four (14%) were found to have APC pathogenic truncations of the APC protein and in addition two (7%) had APC missense variants of unknown clinical significance. Two patients (7%) had family histories indicative of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Response to chemotherapy tracked differently in APC pathogenic cases, with a slower imaging response despite an equivalent or slightly faster α‐fetoprotein (AFP) response.ConclusionThe prevalence of pathogenic APC variants in apparently sporadic HB may be higher than previously detected. Differences in time to imaging response, despite similar AFP response, may impact surgical planning. All patients with HB warrant germline APC mutation testing for underlying FAP.
Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in osteosarcoma
Authors: Guenther Lillian M. , Rowe R. Grant , Acharya Patricia T. , Swenson David W. , Meyer Stephanie C. , Clinton Catherine M. , Guo Dongjing , Sridharan Madhumitha , London Wendy B. , Grier Holcombe E. , Ecklund Kirsten , Janeway Katherine A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundIn osteosarcoma, patient survival has not changed in over 30 years. Multiple phase II trials have been conducted in osteosarcoma using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) as a primary endpoint; however, none of these have revealed new treatment strategies. We investigated RECIST in newly diagnosed patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy proven to be beneficial.MethodsPatients treated from 1986 to 2011 for newly diagnosed osteosarcoma with paired tumor imaging before and after adequate neoadjuvant chemotherapy were included in this retrospective study. Two radiologists performed independent, blinded (to image timing) RECIST measurements of primary tumor and lung metastases at diagnosis and post‐neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Association between RECIST and histological necrosis and outcome were assessed.ResultsSeventy‐four patients met inclusion criteria. Five‐year overall survival and progression‐free survival (PFS) were 77 ± 7% and 61 ± 8%, respectively. No patients had RECIST partial or complete response in the primary tumor. Sixty‐four patients (86%) had stable disease, and 10 (14%) had progressive disease (PD). PD in the primary tumor was associated with significantly worse PFS in localized disease patients (P = 0.02). There was no association between RECIST in the primary tumor and necrosis. There were an insufficient number of patients with lung nodules ≥1 cm at diagnosis to evaluate RECIST in pulmonary metastases.ConclusionsPD by RECIST predicts poor outcome in localized disease patients. In bone lesions, chemotherapy proven to improve overall survival does not result in radiographic responses as measured by RECIST. Further investigation of RECIST in pulmonary metastatic disease in osteosarcoma is needed.
Adolescent patient involvement in discussions about relapsed or refractory cancer with oncology clinicians
Authors: Frederick Natasha N. , Mack Jennifer W. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundAdolescents with cancer report a strong desire to be actively involved in personal healthcare decision making. The purpose of this study was to examine adolescent cancer patients’ involvement in conversations about relapsed and refractory disease, to characterize the content of patient–clinician communication, and to identify opportunities for improved patient–clinician communication.Design/methodWe analyzed audiotaped conversations between clinicians, parents, and adolescents with relapsed or refractory cancer. Of 36 conversations audiotaped for a larger study, 11 included adolescents ages 12 through 17 years.ResultsAdolescents were responsible for a mean 3.5% of total words spoken (range 0.6–10.0) in each discussion about relapsed or refractory cancer, whereas clinicians were responsible for 66.9% of total words spoken (range 39.5–87.1) and parents were responsible for 30.4% of total words spoken (range 10.9–59.1). Most clinician communication directed at the adolescent involved giving information (27.5%), engaging in social/personal conversation (21.2%), asking about medical history questioning (15.6%), and performing a clinical examination (15.4%). Adolescent communication directed at the clinician was predominantly classified as giving information in response to physician questioning (61.9%). In four of the 11 cases, clinicians sought adolescent opinions or preferences regarding next steps of care; adolescents only shared their preferences when asked directly.ConclusionsAdolescent patient involvement in conversations about relapsed or refractory cancer is limited and often focused on responding to questions and participating in the history questioning and physical examination. Adolescents play a more active role in conversations about their cancer care when clinicians direct communication toward them. This study highlights opportunities for clinicians to actively engage adolescents in discussions about their medical care.
Specific T Cell Responses against Minor Histocompatibility Antigens Cannot Generally Be Explained by Absence of Their Allelic Counterparts on the Cell Surface
Authors: Bijen Helena M. , Hassan Chopie , Kester Michel G. D. , Janssen George M. C. , Hombrink Pleun , de Ru Arnoud H. , Drijfhout Jan Wouter , Meiring Hugo D. , de Jong Ad P. , Falkenburg J. H. Frederik , Jimenez Connie R. , Heemskerk Mirjam H. M. , van Veelen Peter A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAllogeneic stem cell transplantation has emerged as immunotherapy in the treatment of a variety of hematological malignancies. Its efficacy depends on induction of graft versus leukemia by donor lymphocytes. Both graft versus leukemia and graft versus host disease are induced by T cells reactive against polymorphic peptides, called minor histocompatibility antigens (MiHA), which differ between patient and donor and are presented in the context of self‐HLA (where HLA is human leukocyte antigen). The allelic counterpart (AC) of the MiHA is generally considered to be absent at the cell surface, based on the absence of immune responses directed against the AC. To study this in detail, we evaluate the recognition, HLA‐binding affinity, and cell surface expression of three selected MiHA. By quantitative MS, we demonstrate the similarly abundant expression of both MiHA and AC at the cell surface. We conclude that the absent recognition of the AC cannot generally be explained by insufficient processing and presentation at the cell surface of the AC.
A computational method for the design of nested proteins by loop‐directed domain insertion
Authors: Blacklock Kristin M. , Yang Lu , Mulligan Vikram K. , Khare Sagar D. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe computational design of novel nested proteins—in which the primary structure of one protein domain (insert) is flanked by the primary structure segments of another (parent)—would enable the generation of multifunctional proteins. Here we present a new algorithm, called Loop‐Directed Domain Insertion (LooDo), implemented within the Rosetta software suite, for the purpose of designing nested protein domain combinations connected by flexible linker regions. Conformational space for the insert domain is sampled using large libraries of linker fragments for linker‐to‐parent domain superimposition followed by insert‐to‐linker superimposition. The relative positioning of the two domains (treated as rigid bodies) is sampled efficiently by a grid‐based, mutual placement compatibility search. The conformations of the loop residues, and the identities of loop as well as interface residues, are simultaneously optimized using a generalized kinematic loop closure algorithm and Rosetta EnzymeDesign, respectively, to minimize interface energy. The algorithm was found to consistently sample near‐native conformations and interface sequences for a benchmark set of structurally similar but functionally divergent domain‐inserted enzymes from the α/β hydrolase superfamily, and discriminates well between native and nonnative conformations and sequences, although loop conformations tended to deviate from the native conformations. Furthermore, in cross‐domain placement tests, native insert‐parent domain combinations were ranked as the best‐scoring structures compared to nonnative domain combinations. This algorithm should be broadly applicable to the design of multi‐domain protein complexes with any combination of inserted or tandem domain connections.
Teaching Writing in Grades 7–9 in Urban Schools in Chinese Societies in Asia
Authors: Hsiang Tien Ping , Graham Steve , Wong Ping Man 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA random sample of 1,313 grades 7–9 Chinese language arts teachers in Shanghai, Hong Kong, Macao, and Taipei were surveyed about their instructional writing practices. When asked about their college, inservice, and personal preparation, three out of four teachers indicated that they were poorly prepared to teach writing. They were slightly positive about themselves and writing, their students and writing, and their effectiveness as writing teachers. Textbooks, school guidelines, national standards, and high school entrance exams played a prominent role in shaping how they taught writing, but a sizable minority of teachers indicated that they mostly designed their own writing program. Writing classes occurred infrequently, as just one in six teachers held a class more often than once every two weeks. Teachers used evidence‐based practices, but such procedures were typically applied only once a month. Students completed a broad range of writing activities during the school year and applied a variety of revising and planning procedures. Consistent with sociocultural theory, teachers from the four locations evidenced differences on almost every variable studied, although the observed differences were mostly a matter of degree (i.e., teachers applied certain practices more or less frequently). Teachers’ preparation, beliefs about writing, and frequency of writing classes predicted their instructional practices and how frequently students engaged in specific writing activities.
Rational Construction of Hollow Core‐Branch CoSe2 Nanoarrays for High‐Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitor and Efficient Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Chen Tian , Li Songzhan , Wen Jian , Gui Pengbin , Guo Yaxiong , Guan Cao , Liu Jinping , Fang Guojia 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMetal selenides have great potential for electrochemical energy storage, but are relatively scarce investigated. Herein, a novel hollow core‐branch CoSe2 nanoarray on carbon cloth is designed by a facile selenization reaction of predesigned CoO nanocones. And the electrochemical reaction mechanism of CoSe2 in supercapacitor is studied in detail for the first time. Compared with CoO, the hollow core‐branch CoSe2 has both larger specific surface area and higher electrical conductivity. When tested as a supercapacitor positive electrode, the CoSe2 delivers a high specific capacitance of 759.5 F g−1 at 1 mA cm−2, which is much larger than that of CoO nanocones (319.5 F g−1). In addition, the CoSe2 electrode exhibits excellent cycling stability in that a capacitance retention of 94.5% can be maintained after 5000 charge–discharge cycles at 5 mA cm−2. An asymmetric supercapacitor using the CoSe2 as cathode and an N‐doped carbon nanowall as anode is further assembled, which show a high energy density of 32.2 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1914.7 W kg−1, and maintains 24.9 Wh kg−1 when power density increased to 7354.8 W kg−1. Moreover, the CoSe2 electrode also exhibits better oxygen evolution reaction activity than that of CoO.
STED‐TEM Correlative Microscopy Leveraging Nanodiamonds as Intracellular Dual‐Contrast Markers
Authors: Prabhakar Neeraj , Peurla Markus , Koho Sami , Deguchi Takahiro , Näreoja Tuomas , Chang Huan‐Cheng , Rosenholm Jessica M. , Hänninen Pekka E. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDevelopment of fluorescent and electron dense markers is essential for the implementation of correlative light and electron microscopy, as dual‐contrast landmarks are required to match the details in the multimodal images. Here, a novel method for correlative microscopy that utilizes fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) as dual‐contrast probes is reported. It is demonstrated how the FNDs can be used as dual‐contrast labels—and together with automatic image registration tool SuperTomo, for precise image correlation—in high‐resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED)/confocal and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) correlative microscopy experiments. It is shown how FNDs can be employed in experiments with both live and fixed cells as well as simple test samples. The fluorescence imaging can be performed either before TEM imaging or after, as the robust FNDs survive the TEM sample preparation and can be imaged with STED and other fluorescence microscopes directly on the TEM grids.
High Performance of N‐Doped Graphene with Bubble‐like Textures for Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Sui Lina , Kang Hongquan , Dong Hongzhou , Dong Lifeng , Yu Liyan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractNitrogen‐doped graphene (NG) with wrinkled and bubble‐like texture is fabricated by a thermal treatment. Especially, a novel sonication‐assisted pretreatment with nitric acid is used to further oxidize graphene oxide and its binding with melamine molecules. There are many bubble‐like nanoflakes with a dimension of about 10 nm appeared on the undulated graphene nanosheets. The bubble‐like texture provides more active sites for effective ion transport and reversible capacitive behavior. The specific surface area of NG (5.03 at% N) can reach up to 438.7 m2 g−1, and the NG electrode demonstrates high specific capacitance (481 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, four times higher than reduced graphene oxide electrode (127.5 F g−1)), superior cycle stability (the capacitance retention of 98.9% in 2 m KOH and 99.2% in 1 m H2SO4 after 8000 cycles), and excellent energy density (42.8 Wh kg−1 at power density of 500 W kg−1 in 2 m KOH aqueous electrolyte). The results indicate the potential use of NG as graphene‐based electrode material for energy storage devices.
A High‐Performance Top‐Gated Graphene Field‐Effect Transistor with Excellent Flexibility Enabled by an iCVD Copolymer Gate Dielectric
Authors: Oh Joong Gun , Pak Kwanyong , Kim Choong Sun , Bong Jae Hoon , Hwang Wan Sik , Im Sung Gap , Cho Byung Jin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA high‐performance top‐gated graphene field‐effect transistor (FET) with excellent mechanical flexibility is demonstrated by implementing a surface‐energy‐engineered copolymer gate dielectric via a solvent‐free process called initiated chemical vapor deposition. The ultrathin, flexible copolymer dielectric is synthesized from two monomers composed of 1,3,5‐trimethyl‐1,3,5‐trivinyl cyclotrisiloxane and 1‐vinylimidazole (VIDZ). The copolymer dielectric enables the graphene device to exhibit excellent dielectric performance and substantially enhanced mechanical flexibility. The p‐doping level of the graphene can be tuned by varying the polar VIDZ fraction in the copolymer dielectric, and the Dirac voltage (VDirac) of the graphene FET can thus be systematically controlled. In particular, the VDirac approaches neutrality with higher VIDZ concentrations in the copolymer dielectric, which minimizes the carrier scattering and thereby improves the charge transport of the graphene device. As a result, the graphene FET with 20 nm thick copolymer dielectrics exhibits field‐effect hole and electron mobility values of over 7200 and 3800 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively, at room temperature. These electrical characteristics remain unchanged even at the 1 mm bending radius, corresponding to a tensile strain of 1.28%. The formed gate stack with the copolymer gate dielectric is further investigated for high‐frequency flexible device applications.
Generalized Scheme for High Performing Photodetectors with a p‐Type 2D Channel Layer and n‐Type Nanoparticles
Authors: Jia Jingyuan , Jeon Sumin , Jeon Jaeho , Xu Jiao , Song Young Jae , Cho Jeong Ho , Lee Byoung Hun , Song Jin Dong , Kim Hyung‐Jun , Hwang Euyheon , Lee Sungjoo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA generalized scheme for the fabrication of high performance photodetectors consisting of a p‐type channel material and n‐type nanoparticles is proposed. The high performance of the proposed hybrid photodetector is achieved through enhanced photoabsorption and the photocurrent gain arising from its effective charge transfer mechanism. In this paper, the realization of this design is presented in a hybrid photodetector consisting of 2D p‐type black phosphorus (BP) and n‐type molybdenum disulfide nanoparticles (MoS2 NPs), and it is demonstrated that it exhibits enhanced photoresponsivity and detectivity compared to pristine BP photodetectors. It is found that the performance of hybrid photodetector depends on the density of NPs on BP layer and that the response time can be reduced with increasing density of MoS2 NPs. The rising and falling times of this photodetector are smaller than those of BP photodetectors without NPs. This proposed scheme is expected to work equally well for a photodetector with an n‐type channel material and p‐type nanoparticles.
Integrating Sub‐3 nm Plasmonic Gaps into Solid‐State Nanopores
Authors: Shi Xin , Verschueren Daniel , Pud Sergii , Dekker Cees 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPlasmonic nanopores combine the advantages of nanopore sensing and surface plasmon resonances by introducing confined electromagnetic fields to a solid‐state nanopore. Ultrasmall nanogaps between metallic nanoantennas can generate the extremely enhanced localized electromagnetic fields necessary for single‐molecule optical sensing and manipulation. Challenges in fabrication, however, hamper the integration of such nanogaps into nanopores. Here, a top‐down approach for integrating a plasmonic antenna with an ultrasmall nanogap into a solid‐state nanopore is reported. Employing a two‐step e‐beam lithography process, the reproducible fabrication of nanogaps down to a sub‐1 nm scale is demonstrated. Subsequently, nanopores are drilled through the 20 nm SiN membrane at the center of the nanogap using focused‐electron‐beam sculpting with a transmission electron microscope, at the expense of a slight gap expansion for the smallest gaps. Using this approach, sub‐3 nm nanogaps can be readily fabricated on solid‐state nanopores. The functionality of these plasmonic nanopores for single‐molecule detection is shown by performing DNA translocations. These integrated devices can generate intense electromagnetic fields at the entrance of the nanopore and can be expected to find applications in nanopore‐based single‐molecule trapping and optical sensing.
Novel Sensing Strategies Based on Monolayer Protected Gold Nanoparticles for the Detection of Metal Ions and Small Molecules
Authors: Ertem Elif , Diez‐Castellnou Marta , Ong Quy Khac , Stellacci Francesco 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMonolayer protected gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have a huge potential for the development of innovative sensing systems for the detection of metal ions and small molecules. The organic ligand shell, primarily utilized to stabilize the gold core, can be rationally designed to promote selective interactions with a desired analyte. In addition, the outstanding physical and optical properties of AuNPs can be exploited to obtain analytically useful signals upon analyte binding. In this account, we review recent advances in AuNP‐based sensing systems emphasizing on the rational design of the ligand shell for detection of heavy metal ions and small molecules. We examine various strategies of detection by evaluating their improvements in terms of sensitivity, selectivity and applicability to real samples.
SO(10) × S4 grand unified theory of flavour and leptogenesis
Authors: de Anda Francisco J. , King Stephen F. , Perdomo Elena 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
We propose a Grand Unified Theory of Flavour, based on SO(10) together with a non-Abelian discrete group S4, under which the unified three quark and lepton 16-plets are unified into a single triplet 3′. The model involves a further discrete group ℤ
4

R

× ℤ
4
3
which controls the Higgs and flavon symmetry breaking sectors. The CSD2 flavon vacuum alignment is discussed, along with the GUT breaking potential and the doublet-triplet splitting, and proton decay is shown to be under control. The Yukawa matrices are derived in detail, from renormalisable diagrams, and neutrino masses emerge from the type I seesaw mechanism. A full numerical fit is performed with 15 input parameters generating 19 presently constrained observables, taking into account supersymmetry threshold corrections. The model predicts a normal neutrino mass ordering with a CP oscillation phase of 260°, an atmospheric angle in the first octant and neutrinoless double beta decay with m
ββ
= 11 meV. We discuss N2 leptogenesis, which fixes the second right-handed neutrino mass to be M2 ≃ 2 × 1011 GeV, in the natural range predicted by the model.