bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant essential oils and potassium metabisulfite as repellents for Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
Authors: Renkema Justin M. , Wright Derek , Buitenhuis Rose , Hallett Rebecca H. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSpotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, is a globally invasive pest of soft-skinned fruit. Females oviposit into ripening fruit and larvae cause direct destruction of tissues. As many plant essential oils are permitted food additives, they may provide a safe means of protecting fruit from D. suzukii infestation in both conventional and organic production systems. Twelve oils and potassium metabisulfite (KMS) were screened in the laboratory as repellents for D. suzukii flies. Most essential oils deterred D. suzukii flies from cotton wicks containing attractive raspberry juice. Peppermint oil was particularly effective, preventing almost all flies from contacting treated wicks and remaining 100% repellent for 6 d post-application. Thyme oil was unique because it caused high male mortality and reduced the number of responding flies compared to other oils. KMS was not found to be repellent to D. suzukii, but may have fumigant properties, particularly at high concentrations. Peppermint oil appears to be the best candidate for field testing to determine the effectiveness and feasibility of using essential oils as part of a push-pull management strategy against D. suzukii. This is the first time that essential oils have been evaluated and proven effective in preventing fruit-infesting flies from contacting attractive stimuli.
Multi-stability of circadian phase wave within early postnatal suprachiasmatic nucleus
Authors: Jeong Byeongha , Hong Jin Hee , Kim Hyun , Choe Han Kyoung , Kim Kyungjin , Lee Kyoung J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is a group of cells that functions as a biological master clock. In different SCN cells, oscillations of biochemical markers such as the expression-level of clock genes, are not synchronized but instead form slow circadian phase waves propagating over the whole cell population. Earlier studies presumed that their spatio-temporal structure is a fixed property set by the anatomy of a given SCN. Here, we show that this is not the case in early postnatal SCN. Based on bioluminescence imaging experiments with Per2-Luciferase mice SCN cultures which guided computer simulations of a realistic model of the SCN, we demonstrate that the wave is not unique but can be in various modes including phase- coherent oscillation, crescent-shaped wave, and most notably, a rotating pinwheel wave that conceptually resembles a wall clock with a rotating hand. Furthermore, mode transitions can be induced by a pulse of 38.5 °C temperature perturbation. Importantly, the waves support a significantly different period, suggesting that neither a spatially-fixed phase ordering nor a specialized pacemaker having a fixed period exist in these studied SCNs. These results lead to new important questions of what the observed multi-stability means for the proper function of an SCN and its arrhythmia.
Autonomic nervous system-mediated effects of galanin-like peptide on lipid metabolism in liver and adipose tissue
Authors: Hirako Satoshi , Wada Nobuhiro , Kageyama Haruaki , Takenoya Fumiko , Izumida Yoshihiko , Kim Hyounju , Iizuka Yuzuru , Matsumoto Akiyo , Okabe Mai , Kimura Ai , Suzuki Mamiko , Yamanaka Satoru , Shioda Seiji 
Published: February 2016

AbstractGalanin-like peptide (GALP) is a neuropeptide involved in the regulation of feeding behavior and energy metabolism in mammals. While a weight loss effect of GALP has been reported, its effects on lipid metabolism have not been investigated. The aim of this study was to determine if GALP regulates lipid metabolism in liver and adipose tissue via an action on the sympathetic nervous system. The respiratory exchange ratio of mice administered GALP intracerebroventricularly was lower than that of saline-treated animals and fatty acid oxidation-related gene mRNA levels were increased in the liver. Even though the respiratory exchange ratio was reduced by GALP, this change was not significant when mice were treated with the sympatholytic drug, guanethidine. Lipolysis-related gene mRNA levels were increased in the adipose tissue of GALP-treated mice compared with saline-treated animals. These results show that GALP stimulates fatty acid β-oxidation in liver and lipolysis in adipose tissue and suggest that the anti-obesity effect of GALP may be due to anorexigenic actions and improvement of lipid metabolism in peripheral tissues via the sympathetic nervous system.
Does selection in a challenging environment produce Nile tilapia genotypes that can thrive in a range of production systems?
Authors: Thoa Ngo Phu , Ninh Nguyen Huu , Knibb Wayne , Nguyen Nguyen Hong 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis study assessed whether selection for high growth in a challenging environment of medium salinity produces tilapia genotypes that perform well across different production environments. We estimated the genetic correlations between trait expressions in saline and freshwater using a strain of Nile tilapia selected for fast growth under salinity water of 15–20 ppt. We also estimated the heritability and genetic correlations for new traits of commercial importance (sexual maturity, feed conversion ratio, deformity and gill condition) in a full pedigree comprising 36,145 fish. The genetic correlations for the novel characters between the two environments were 0.78–0.99, suggesting that the effect of genotype by environment interaction was not biologically important. Across the environments, the heritability for body weight was moderate to high (0.32–0.62), indicating that this population will continue responding to future selection. The estimates of heritability for sexual maturity and survival were low but significant. The additive genetic components also exist for FCR, gill condition and deformity. Genetic correlations of harvest body weight with sexual maturity were positive and those between harvest body weight with FCR were negative. Our results indicate that the genetic line selected under a moderate saline water environment can be cultured successfully in freshwater systems.
Spatially resolved TiOx phases in switched RRAM devices using soft X-ray spectromicroscopy
Authors: Carta D. , Hitchcock A. P. , Guttmann P. , Regoutz A. , Khiat A. , Serb A. , Gupta I. , Prodromakis T. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractReduction in metal-oxide thin films has been suggested as the key mechanism responsible for forming conductive phases within solid-state memory devices, enabling their resistive switching capacity. The quantitative spatial identification of such conductive regions is a daunting task, particularly for metal-oxides capable of exhibiting multiple phases as in the case of TiOx. Here, we spatially resolve and chemically characterize distinct TiOx phases in localized regions of a TiOx–based memristive device by combining full-field transmission X-ray microscopy with soft X-ray spectroscopic analysis that is performed on lamella samples. We particularly show that electrically pre-switched devices in low-resistive states comprise reduced disordered phases with O/Ti ratios around 1.37 that aggregate in a ~100 nm highly localized region electrically conducting the top and bottom electrodes of the devices. We have also identified crystalline rutile and orthorhombic-like TiO2 phases in the region adjacent to the main reduced area, suggesting that the temperature increases locally up to 1000 K, validating the role of Joule heating in resistive switching. Contrary to previous studies, our approach enables to simultaneously investigate morphological and chemical changes in a quantitative manner without incurring difficulties imposed by interpretation of electron diffraction patterns acquired via conventional electron microscopy techniques.
Efficacy and Safety of rAAV2-ND4 Treatment for Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Wan Xing , Pei Han , Zhao Min-jian , Yang Shuo , Hu Wei-kun , He Heng , Ma Si-qi , Zhang Ge , Dong Xiao-yan , Chen Chen , Wang Dao-wen , Li Bin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractLeber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a mitochondrially inherited disease leading to blindness. A mitochondrial DNA point mutation at the 11778 nucleotide site of the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (ND4) gene is the most common cause. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a recombinant adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) carrying ND4 (rAAV2-ND4) in LHON patients carrying the G11778A mutation. Nine patients were administered rAAV2-ND4 by intravitreal injection to one eye and then followed for 9 months. Ophthalmologic examinations of visual acuity, visual field and optical coherence tomography were performed. Physical examinations included routine blood and urine. The visual acuity of the injected eyes of six patients improved by at least 0.3 log MAR after 9 months of follow-up. In these six patients, the visual field was enlarged but the retinal nerve fibre layer remained relatively stable. No other outcome measure was significantly changed. None of the nine patients had local or systemic adverse events related to the vector during the 9-month follow-up period. These findings support the feasible use of gene therapy for LHON.
Can arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduce Cd uptake and alleviate Cd toxicity of Lonicera japonica grown in Cd-added soils?
Authors: Jiang Qiu-Yun , Zhuo Feng , Long Shi-Hui , Zhao Hai-Di , Yang Dan-Jing , Ye Zhi-Hong , Li Shao-Shan , Jing Yuan-Xiao 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to study the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi−Glomus versiforme (Gv) and Rhizophagus intraradices (Ri) on the growth, Cd uptake, antioxidant indices [glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate (ASA), glutathione (GSH) and malonaldehyde (MDA)] and phytochelatins (PCs) production of Lonicera japonica in Cd-amended soils. Gv and Ri significantly increased P acquisition, biomass of shoots and roots at all Cd treatments. Gv significantly decreased Cd concentrations in shoots and roots, and Ri also obviously reduced Cd concentrations in shoots but increased Cd concentrations in roots. Meanwhile, activities of CAT, APX and GR, and contents of ASA and PCs were remarkably higher in Gv/Ri-inoculated plants than those of uninoculated plants, but lower MDA and GSH contents in Gv/Ri-inoculated plants were found. In conclusion, Gv and Ri symbiosis alleviated Cd toxicity of L. japonica through the decline of shoot Cd concentrations and the improvement of P nutrition, PCs content and activities of GR, CAT, APX in inoculated plants, and then improved plant growth. The decrease of shoot Cd concentrations in L. japonica inoculated with Gv/Ri would provide a clue for safe production of this plant from Cd-contaminated soils.
Late regulation of immune genes and microRNAs in circulating leukocytes in a pig model of influenza A (H1N2) infection
Authors: Brogaard Louise , Heegaard Peter M. H. , Larsen Lars E. , Mortensen Shila , Schlegel Michael , Dürrwald Ralf , Skovgaard Kerstin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short regulatory RNA molecules which are implicated in modulating gene expression. Levels of circulating, cell-associated miRNAs in response to influenza A virus (IAV) infection has received limited attention so far. To further understand the temporal dynamics and biological implications of miRNA regulation in circulating leukocytes, we collected blood samples before and after (1, 3, and 14 days) IAV challenge of pigs. Differential expression of miRNAs and innate immune factor mRNA transcripts was analysed using RT-qPCR. A total of 20 miRNAs were regulated after IAV challenge, with the highest number of regulated miRNAs seen on day 14 after infection at which time the infection was cleared. Targets of the regulated miRNAs included genes involved in apoptosis and cell cycle regulation. Significant regulation of both miRNAs and mRNA transcripts at 14 days after challenge points to a protracted effect of IAV infection, potentially affecting the host’s ability to respond to secondary infections. In conclusion, experimental IAV infection of pigs demonstrated the dynamic nature of miRNA and mRNA regulation in circulating leukocytes during and after infection, and revealed the need for further investigation of the potential immunosuppressing effect of miRNA and innate immune signaling after IAV infection.
Visual Speech Perception in Children With Language Learning Impairments
Authors: Knowland Victoria C. P. , Evans Sam , Snell Caroline , Rosen Stuart 
Published: February 2016

Purpose
The purpose of the study was to assess the ability of children with developmental language learning impairments (LLIs) to use visual speech cues from the talking face.

Method
In this cross-sectional study, 41 typically developing children (mean age: 8 years 0 months, range: 4 years 5 months to 11 years 10 months) and 27 children with diagnosed LLI (mean age: 8 years 10 months, range: 5 years 2 months to 11 years 6 months) completed a silent speechreading task and a speech-in-noise task with and without visual support from the talking face. The speech-in-noise task involved the identification of a target word in a carrier sentence with a single competing speaker as a masker.

Results
Children in the LLI group showed a deficit in speechreading when compared with their typically developing peers. Beyond the single-word level, this deficit became more apparent in older children. On the speech-in-noise task, a substantial benefit of visual cues was found regardless of age or group membership, although the LLI group showed an overall developmental delay in speech perception.

Conclusion
Although children with LLI were less accurate than their peers on the speechreading and speech-in noise-tasks, both groups were able to make equivalent use of visual cues to boost performance accuracy when listening in noise.
Dual‐polarised antenna using unbalanced power dividers for small‐cell base stations
Authors: Choi S. , Choi J. 
Published: February 2016

A compact, dual‐polarised multiple‐input and multiple‐output antenna for small‐cell base stations is proposed. This antenna is operating at long‐term evolution (LTE) band‐5 and consists of two stacking substrates and cavity‐backed structures. To produce dual polarisation, two edges of the feeding patch on the lower substrate are individually fed by unbalanced power dividers with a phase difference of 90°. These unbalanced power dividers improve the isolation characteristic of this antenna. Measured results show that the proposed antenna has a port isolation higher than 30 dB over the operating range of 820–900 MHz. Furthermore, a high front‐to‐back ratio of 13.5 dB is obtained in spite of the compact size because there are no slots on the ground plane.
Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion in Patients with Osteoporosis
Authors: Formby Peter M. , Kang Daniel G. , Helgeson Melvin D. , Wagner Scott C. 
Published: February 2016

Study Design Retrospective review. Objective To compare clinical outcomes after transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) in patients with and patients without osteoporosis. Methods We reviewed all patients with 6-month postoperative radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scans for evaluation of the interbody cage. CT Hounsfield unit (HU) measurements of the instrumented vertebral body were used to determine whether patients had osteoporosis. Radiographs and CT scans were evaluated for evidence of implant subsidence, migration, interbody fusion, iatrogenic fracture, or loosening of posterior pedicle screw fixation. Medical records were reviewed for persistence of symptoms or recurrence of symptoms. Results The final data analysis included 18 (20.5%) patients with osteoporosis and 70 (79.5%) patients without osteoporosis. Males comprised 50% of patients with osteoporosis, and 64.3% of patients without osteoporosis. The mean age was significantly higher in the osteoporotic group (65.2 years) versus the nonosteoporotic group (56.9 years; p < 0.0001). We found significantly higher rates of subsidence (72.2 versus 45.7%, p = 0.05) and iatrogenic fractures (16.7% versus 1.4%, p = 0.03) in the osteoporotic group. In addition, the osteoporotic group had significantly higher radiographic complication rates compared with the nonosteoporotic group (77.8 versus 48.6%, p = 0.03). There was no difference between groups for revision surgery (16.6 versus 14.3%, p = 0.78) or postoperative symptoms (44.4% versus 50.0%, p = 0.69). Conclusions Our data demonstrated significantly increased rates of cage subsidence, iatrogenic fracture, and overall radiographic complications in patients with osteoporosis. However, these radiographic complications did not predispose patients with osteoporosis to an increased risk of surgical revision or worse clinical outcomes.
Does bilingual language control decline in older age?
Authors: Ivanova Iva , Murillo Mayra , Montoya Rosa I. , Gollan Tamar H. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
We investigated age-related decline of bilingual language control. Thirteen older and 13 younger bilinguals performed a verbal fluency task (completing the same letter and semantic categories in each language and switching languages after every category), and a non-linguistic flanker task. In letter fluency, bilinguals produced fewer correct responses after switching languages, suggesting inhibition of the previously-used language. However, this testing-order effect did not differ between groups and older bilinguals produced few wrong-language intrusions, implying intact ability to apply inhibition in older age. In contrast, age-related deficits in the flanker task were robust, implying dissociations between language control and domain-general executive control. In semantic fluency, there were no testing-order effects but older bilinguals produced more intrusions than younger bilinguals, and more intrusions than in letter fluency. Thus, bilinguals may flexibly modulate the degree of inhibition when they can benefit from semantic priming between languages, but less efficiently so in older age.
In situ monitoring hydrogen isotope retention in ITER first wall
Authors: Mukhin E.E. , Andrew P. , Anthoine A.D. , Bazhenov A.N. , Barnsley R. , Bukreev I.M. , Bukhovets V.L. , Chernakov A.P. , Gorodetsky A.E. , Kochergin M.M. , Koval A.N. , Kukushkin A.B. , Kukushkin A.S. , Kurskiev G.S. , Levashova M.G. , Litvinov A.E. , Litunovsky V.N. , Markin A.V. , Mazul I.V. , Masyukevich S.V. , Miroshnikov I.V. , Nemov A.S. , Novokhatsky A.N. , Razdobarin A.G. , Sherstnev E.V. , Samsonov D.S. , Semenov V.V. , Smirnov A.S. , De Temmerman G. , Tolstyakov S.Yu. , Zalavutdinov R.Kh. , Walsh M.J. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Tritium retention inside the vacuum vessel is a potentially serious constraint in the operation of large-scale fusion machines like ITER. An in situ diagnostics for first wall H/D/T retention by laser induced desorption spectroscopy (LIDS) is proposed for use between plasma discharges. The technique is based on local baking of the first wall by laser irradiation and subsequent analysis of the in-vessel gas by optical emission spectroscopy of plasma radiation. The local heating implementation, kinetics of H/D/T thermal extraction and the accuracy of optical emission spectroscopy measurements are analysed. To resolve the H/D/T lines spectroscopically, their thermal broadening should be minimized to prevent overlapping of the line shapes. A comparative performance analysis of several types of plasma sources with relatively cold ions is made including the following types of discharges: Penning, RF multipactor, laser torch and ECR. All these radiation sources require rather low power and could be used for remote in situ measurements of relative densities of the thermally extracted hydrogen isotopes.
Core-localized Alfvénic modes driven by energetic ions in HL-2A NBI plasmas with weak magnetic shears
Authors: Chen W. , Yu L.M. , Ding X.T. , Xie H.S. , Shi Z.B. , Ji X.Q. , Yu D.L. , Zhang Y.P. , Shi P.W. , Li Y.G. , Feng B.B. , Jiang M. , Zhong W.L. , Cao J.Y. , Song X.M. , Xu M. , Xu Y.H. , Yan L.W. , Liu Yi , Yang Q.W. , Duan X.R. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Recent experimental results that are associated with the core-localized (i.e. normalized radius

) Alfvénic modes in HL-2A neutral beam injection (NBI) plasmas with weak magnetic shears are reported. In the different plasma parameter regions, the energetic ions produced by the NBI drive multiple Alfvénic instabilities, such as the toroidal Alfvén eigenmode (TAE), beta-induced Alfvén eigenmode, reversed shear Alfvén eigenmode (RSAE) and fishbone and energetic particle mode (EPM). Here, we focus on the high-frequency RSAE (HFRSAE) and resonant kinetic ballooning mode (rKBM). A group of downward-sweeping frequency coherent modes (HFRSAEs) with 100  <  f  <  500 kHz and n  =  3–7 are often observed with an increase in the edge safety factor, q

a
. Their measured frequency is more than that of the TAEs, and

. The analysis suggests that these modes localize inside the high-order Alfvén eigenmode (AE) gap of the Alfvénic continuum, and their eigenfrequency and eigenfunction depend on the

and q-profile. When the core plasma density is more than

m−3 and the impurity or supersonic molecular beam enters the bulk plasma, the profiles of the plasma density/pressure peak, and the magnetic shear is weak or negative. In this case, a group of multi-harmonic coherent modes (rKBMs) with 30  <  f  <  150 kHz and n  =  2–9 are observed through multiple diagnostic techniques, and

, where

is the diamagnetic drift frequency of the thermal ion. It is found that the HFRSAEs can transit into the rKBMs when the density profile suddenly peaks. Neutron monitoring outside the vacuum chamber demonstrates that the HFRSAE and rKBM both degrade the confinement of the energetic ions. The rKBM instabilities also affect the bulk plasma performance.
A study of 239Pu production rate in a water cooled natural uranium blanket mock-up of a fusion–fission hybrid reactor
Authors: Feng Song , Liu Rong , Lu Xinxin , Yang Yiwei , Xu Kun , Wang Mei , Zhu Tonghua , Jiang Li , Qin Jianguo , Jiang Jieqiong , Han Zijie , Lai Caifeng , Wen Zhongwei 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The 239Pu production rate is important data in neutronics design for a natural uranium blanket of a fusion–fission hybrid reactor, and the accuracy and reliability should be validated by integral experiments. The distribution of 239Pu production rates in a subcritical natural uranium blanket mock-up was obtained for the first time with a D-T neutron generator by using an activation technique. Natural uranium foils were placed in different spatial locations of the mock-up, the counts of 277.6 keV γ-rays emitted from 239Np generated by 238U capture reaction were measured by an HPGe γ spectrometer, and the self-absorption of natural uranium foils was corrected. The experiment was analyzed using the Super Monte Carlo neutron transport code SuperMC2.0 with recent nuclear data of 238U from the ENDF/B-VII.0, ENDF/B-VII.1, JENDL-4.0u2, JEFF-3.2 and CENDL-3.1 libraries. Calculation results with the JEFF-3.2 library agree with the experimental ones best, and they agree within the experimental uncertainty in general with the average ratios of calculation results to experimental results (C/E) in the range of 0.93 to 1.01.