bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative visualization of pectin distribution maps of peach fruits
Authors: Zhu Nan , Huang Weinan , Wu Di , Chen Kunsong , He Yong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPectin content is an important quality index of fruits, as pectin content undergoes significant changes during the peach ripening process. The commonly used carbazole colorimetry method measures only the total content value of each kind of pectin for each pulp sample and cannot provide distribution maps of the pectin contents for the whole fruit pulp. This work used the hyperspectral imaging technique to quantitatively visualize the distribution maps of pectin contents inside peach pulp at the pixel level. The protopectin contents were well predicted, with the best residual predictive deviation of 2.264, whereas the predictions of the water-soluble pectin and the total pectin contents were not satisfied. On the basis of the best predictive model, the distribution maps of the protopectin contents were quantitatively visualized. A histogram of an example protopectin distribution revealed the existence of a wide range of protopectin contents in peach pulp. Our results show that hyperspectral imaging holds promise as a powerful alternative to the carbazole colorimetry method for measuring the spatial variations in the protopectin distribution inside peach pulp. The distribution maps could be used as a maturity indicator to understand and evaluate the ripening process of peach fruit in depth.
Mapping the key residues of SufB and SufD essential for biosynthesis of iron-sulfur clusters
Authors: Yuda Eiki , Tanaka Naoyuki , Fujishiro Takashi , Yokoyama Nao , Hirabayashi Kei , Fukuyama Keiichi , Wada Kei , Takahashi Yasuhiro 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBiogenesis of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters is an indispensable process in living cells. In Escherichia coli, the SUF biosynthetic system consists of six proteins among which SufB, SufC and SufD form the SufBCD complex, which serves as a scaffold for the assembly of nascent Fe-S cluster. Despite recent progress in biochemical and structural studies, little is known about the specific regions providing the scaffold. Here we present a systematic mutational analysis of SufB and SufD and map their critical residues in two distinct regions. One region is located on the N-terminal side of the β-helix core domain of SufB, where biochemical studies revealed that Cys254 of SufB (SufBC254) is essential for sulfur-transfer from SufE. Another functional region resides at an interface between SufB and SufD, where three residues (SufBC405, SufBE434, and SufDH360) appear to comprise the site for de novo cluster formation. Furthermore, we demonstrate a plausible tunnel in the β-helix core domain of SufB through which the sulfur species may be transferred from SufBC254 to SufBC405. In contrast, a canonical Fe-S cluster binding motif (CxxCxxxC) of SufB is dispensable. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism of Fe-S cluster assembly by the SufBCD complex.
Epigallocatechin Gallate-Loaded Gelatin-g-Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) as a New Ophthalmic Pharmaceutical Formulation for Topical Use in the Treatment of Dry Eye Syndrome
Authors: Luo Li-Jyuan , Lai Jui-Yang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractGiven that biodegradable in situ gelling delivery systems may have potential applications in the design of ophthalmic pharmaceutical formulations, this study, for the first time, aims to develop gelatin-g-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (GN) carriers for topical epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) administration in the treatment of dry eye disease (DED). By temperature triggered sol-gel phase transition of copolymers, EGCG-loaded GN was prepared at 32 °C and characterized by FTIR, NMR, and HPLC analyses. Results of WST-1 and live/dead assays showed that GN materials have good compatibility with corneal epithelial cells. Gradual biodegradation of delivery carriers allowed sustained release of EGCG without drug toxicity. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity studies also indicated effective therapeutic drug levels at each time point within 3 days of release. In a rabbit dry eye model, corneal epithelial defects was ameliorated by treatment with single-dose administration of EGCG-containing GN. Furthermore, drug molecules released from carrier materials could prevent further tear evaporation and loss of mucin-secreting goblet cells in diseased animals. Our findings suggest that GN carrier is responsible for enhanced pharmacological efficacy of topically instilled EGCG, thereby demonstrating the benefits of using biodegradable in situ gelling delivery system to overcome the drawbacks of limited dry eye relief associated with eye drop dosage form.
Microbiome Dynamics in a Shrimp Grow-out Pond with Possible Outbreak of Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease
Authors: Chen Wei-Yu , Ng Tze Hann , Wu Jer-Horng , Chen Jiung-Wen , Wang Han-Ching 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAcute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) (formerly, early mortality syndrome) is a high-mortality-rate shrimp disease prevalent in shrimp farming areas. Although AHPND is known to be caused by pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus hosting the plasmid-related PirABvp toxin gene, the effects of disturbances in microbiome have not yet been studied. We took 62 samples from a grow-out pond during an AHPND developing period from Days 23 to 37 after stocking white postlarvae shrimp and sequenced the 16S rRNA genes with Illumina sequencing technology. The microbiomes of pond seawater and shrimp stomachs underwent varied dynamic succession during the period. Despite copies of PirABvp, principal co-ordinates analysis revealed two distinctive stages of change in stomach microbiomes associated with AHPND. AHPND markedly changed the bacterial diversity in the stomachs; it decreased the Shannon index by 53.6% within approximately 7 days, shifted the microbiome with Vibrio and Candidatus Bacilloplasma as predominant populations, and altered the species-to-species connectivity and complexity of the interaction network. The AHPND-causing Vibrio species were predicted to develop a co-occurrence pattern with several resident and transit members within Candidatus Bacilloplasma and Cyanobacteria. This study’s insights into microbiome dynamics during AHPND infection can be valuable for minimising this disease in shrimp farming ponds.
Spatiotemporal changes in regularity of gamma oscillations contribute to focal ictogenesis
Authors: Sato Yosuke , Wong Simeon M. , Iimura Yasushi , Ochi Ayako , Doesburg Sam M. , Otsubo Hiroshi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn focal ictogenesis, gamma oscillations (30–70 Hz) recorded by electroencephalography (EEG) are related to the epileptiform synchronization of interneurons that links the seizure onset zone (SOZ) to the surrounding epileptogenic zone. We hypothesized that the synchronization of interneurons could be detected as changes in the regularity of gamma oscillation rhythmicity. We used multiscale entropy (MSE) analysis, which can quantify the regularity of EEG rhythmicity, to investigate how the regularity of gamma oscillations changes over the course of a seizure event. We analyzed intracranial EEG data from 13 pediatric patients with focal cortical dysplasia. The MSE analysis revealed the following characteristic changes of MSE score (gamma oscillations): (1) during the interictal periods, the lowest MSE score (the most regular gamma oscillations) was always found in the SOZ; (2) during the preictal periods, the SOZ became more similar to the epileptogenic zone as the MSE score increased in the SOZ (gamma oscillations became less regular in the SOZ); and (3) during the ictal periods, a decreasing MSE score (highly regular gamma oscillations) propagated over the epileptogenic zone. These spatiotemporal changes in regularity of gamma oscillations constitute an important demonstration that focal ictogenesis is caused by dynamic changes in interneuron synchronization.
Association between genetic polymorphisms in the autophagy-related 5 gene promoter and the risk of sepsis
Authors: Shao Yiming , Chen Feng , Chen Yuhua , Zhang Wenying , Lin Yao , Cai Yujie , Yin Zihan , Tao Shoubao , Liao Qinghui , Zhao Jianghao , Mai Hui , He Yanfang , He Junbing , Cui Lili 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPrevious studies demonstrated significant roles of autophagy in the pathogenesis of sepsis, but few studies focused on the effect of autophagy-related SNPs on sepsis susceptibility. In this present study, five polymorphisms of ATG5/ATG16L1 were investigated for the possible risk on sepsis in a Chinese Han population. Our results showed that ATG5 expression levels decreased with the severity of sepsis, and rs506027 T > C and rs510432 G > A were associated with sepsis progression and mortality. Moreover, the rs506027 TT and rs510432 GG carriers also exhibited increased expression levels of ATG5. Functional assays showed that ATG5 knockdown elevated the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in THP-1 cells, and the extracted mononuclear cell of the risk C-A carriers exhibited decreased ATG5 expression levels, leading to enhanced releases of TNF-α and IL-1β under LPS stimulation in vitro. Furthermore, ATG5 T-G haplotype mutation showed higher promoter activities compared to C-A haplotype mutation, suggesting the effect of these SNPs on ATG5 gene transcription. Taken together, these results above indicated that these two ATG5 promoter polymorphisms may be functional and clinically significant for sepsis progression, underscoring its potentially therapeutic implications for sepsis and other inflammatory diseases.
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) expression enhances invasion and metastasis in RAS mutated tumors
Authors: Mauro Concetta Di , Pesapane Ada , Formisano Luigi , Rosa Roberta , D’Amato Valentina , Ciciola Paola , Servetto Alberto , Marciano Roberta , Orsini Roberta Clara , Monteleone Francesca , Zambrano Nicola , Fontanini Gabriella , Servadio Adele , Pignataro Giuseppe , Grumetto Lucia , Lavecchia Antonio , Bruzzese Dario , Iaccarino Antonino , Troncone Giancarlo , Veneziani Bianca Maria , Montuori Nunzia , Placido Sabino De , Bianco Roberto 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) is a GPI-anchored cell membrane receptor that focuses urokinase (uPA) proteolytic activity on the cell surface. Its expression is increased in many human cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and colorectal cancer (CRC), and correlates with a poor prognosis and early invasion and metastasis. uPAR is able to control, through a cross-talk with tyrosine kinase receptors, the shift between tumor dormancy and proliferation, that usually precedes metastasis formation. Therefore, we investigated the role of uPAR expression in RAS mutated NSCLC and CRC cells. In this study we provided evidence, for the first time, that RAS mutational condition is functionally correlated to uPAR overexpression in NSCLC and CRC cancer cell lines and patient-derived tissue samples. Moreover, oncogenic features related to uPAR overexpression in RAS mutated NSCLC and CRC, such as adhesion, migration and metastatic process may be targeted, in vitro and in vivo, by new anti-uPAR small molecules, specific inhibitors of uPAR-vitronectin interaction. Therefore, anti-uPAR drugs could represent an effective pharmacological strategy for NSCLC and CRC patients carrying RAS mutations.
SmartScope2: Simultaneous Imaging and Reconstruction of Neuronal Morphology
Authors: Long Brian , Zhou Zhi , Cetin Ali , Ting Jonathan , Gwinn Ryder , Tasic Bosiljka , Daigle Tanya , Lein Ed , Zeng Hongkui , Saggau Peter , Hawrylycz Michael , Peng Hanchuan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractQuantitative analysis of neuronal morphology is critical in cell type classification and for deciphering how structure gives rise to function in the brain. Most current approaches to imaging and tracing neuronal 3D morphology are data intensive. We introduce SmartScope2, the first open source, automated neuron reconstruction machine integrating online image analysis with automated multiphoton imaging. SmartScope2 takes advantage of a neuron’s sparse morphology to improve imaging speed and reduce image data stored, transferred and analyzed. We show that SmartScope2 is able to produce the complex 3D morphology of human and mouse cortical neurons with six-fold reduction in image data requirements and three times the imaging speed compared to conventional methods.
Identification of NCAN as a candidate gene for developmental dyslexia
Authors: Einarsdottir Elisabet , Peyrard-Janvid Myriam , Darki Fahimeh , Tuulari Jetro J. , Merisaari Harri , Karlsson Linnea , Scheinin Noora M. , Saunavaara Jani , Parkkola Riitta , Kantojärvi Katri , Ämmälä Antti-Jussi , Yiu-Lin Yu Nancy , Matsson Hans , Nopola-Hemmi Jaana , Karlsson Hasse , Paunio Tiina , Klingberg Torkel , Leinonen Eira , Kere Juha 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA whole-genome linkage analysis in a Finnish pedigree of eight cases with developmental dyslexia (DD) revealed several regions shared by the affected individuals. Analysis of coding variants from two affected individuals identified rs146011974G > A (Ala1039Thr), a rare variant within the NCAN gene co-segregating with DD in the pedigree. This variant prompted us to consider this gene as a putative candidate for DD. The RNA expression pattern of the NCAN gene in human tissues was highly correlated (R > 0.8) with that of the previously suggested DD susceptibility genes KIAA0319, CTNND2, CNTNAP2 and GRIN2B. We investigated the association of common variation in NCAN to brain structures in two data sets: young adults (Brainchild study, Sweden) and infants (FinnBrain study, Finland). In young adults, we found associations between a common genetic variant in NCAN, rs1064395, and white matter volume in the left and right temporoparietal as well as the left inferior frontal brain regions. In infants, this same variant was found to be associated with cingulate and prefrontal grey matter volumes. Our results suggest NCAN as a new candidate gene for DD and indicate that NCAN variants affect brain structure.
Miniaturised circularly‐polarised antenna with high‐constitutive parameter substrate
Authors: Farahani M. , Akbari M. , Nedil M. , Sebak A.R. , Denidni T.A. 
Published: August 2017

A two‐dimensional (2D) high‐constitutive parameter (TDHCP) substrate is designed using an artificial metamaterial with high‐constitutive parameters. The planar TDHCP substrate is used for miniaturising of a circularly‐polarised microstrip patch antenna. A 2D metamaterial unit cell is needed due to the fact that the electric and magnetic vectors are rotating in a circularly‐polarised antenna. The proposed TDHCP substrate increases the constitutive parameters of the host substrate. It is composed of periodic split‐ring resonators loop circuits embedded in a low dielectric host medium. The TDHCP substrate provides equal permittivity and permeability () at any frequency of interest, which compensates for the bandwidth reduction due to the increased permittivity. The size of the proposed TDHCP substrate antenna at 850 MHz is reduced up to about 72% compared to the conventional microstrip patch antenna. The bandwidth of the antenna is increased compared to high‐electric permittivity substrates because of the increased the magnetic permeability. The proposed antenna is fabricated and measured. The simulated and measured results show a good agreement.
Those who help us understand our favourite global TV series in a local language
Authors: Luczaj Kamil , Holy-Luczaj Magdalena 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe main aim of this article is to critically analyse and systematise the debate concerning non-professional subtitling of TV series and movies in some non-English-speaking countries. Most of the studies on fansubbing deal with a specific problem, and they are based on various theoretical frameworks. This paper attempts to merge them into one coherent framework that can serve as a basis for subsequent research. The article addresses the issue of non-professional translation as a solution to the lack of official translations, but also as an alternative strategy for translating the texts of popular culture.The paper is divided into four parts. The first defines the phenomenon of fansubbing. The second shows how professional and non-professional translations differ. The following two parts, based on different national case studies, answer the questions: who are fansubbers, and what are their motivations?
What does sport psychology have to offer interpreting?
Authors: Horváth Ildikó 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Sports psychology has a great deal of potential for interpreting and interpreter training, as stress seems to be one of the major psychological factors influencing an interpreter’s professional behaviour. A competitive sports situation is similar to an interpreting assignment, as both are characterized by the need of the performers, the athlete or the interpreter to achieve. They cannot escape from the situation, and they need to achieve what they have undertaken to do. Their performance on the day depends on external and internal factors that they need to control efficiently. Stress is and has for some time been a widely-researched topic in interpreting studies, as it seems to be a fact of life for interpreters. Stress research in interpreting has, however, focused mainly on the external factors influencing an interpreter’s performance. This paper presents an outline of sports psychology and reviews the literature on the psychology of stress. It then presents research conducted on stress in the context of interpreting. Finally, it examines how we can help our students cope with stress and control the internal factors influencing their performance as interpreters.
Rewriting in English-Chinese translation of brand names
Authors: Ying Cui 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
A brand name is an essential part of an advertising campaign, identifying and being closely associated with a product or a manufacturer. One of the major functions of a brand name is to catch the attention of the audience and enhance their memorization. This research takes English-Chinese translation of brand names as an example and studies a prominent feature or strategy of brand name translation, namely rewriting to establish images in relation to the original pronunciation and/or logo. The translation of brand names is not bound by the original semantic meaning and is highly flexible, but it often retains the original sound or pronunciation. In the case of English-Chinese translation, brand names are often rewritten in that a new meaning is presented in the translation and images are established that are associated with the product or manufacturer. This study views image in its broadest sense, establishes a framework of images covering both concrete and abstract versions and discusses the functions of images in increasing the memorability of a brand name and engaging the audience’s emotions. A corpus of 316 English brand names with Chinese translations is considered and two examples are selected for discussion, one looking at the establishment of a concrete image and the other an abstract image. Such rewriting is analysed in relation to the functions of brand names in the hope of providing translators with a point of reference.
Translation universals revisited
Authors: Robin Edina 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
According to the results of translation-based empirical research within the descriptive paradigm, transfer operations and the shifts that occur as a result of translators’ interventions are governed by norms, which represent general, standard practices built on informal social consensus (Toury 1995). Based on the scientific analysis of norms and general rules, the so-called translation universals were formulated describing the factors and qualities that distinguish translations from source texts and from authentic texts not produced through translation but originally written in the target language (Baker 1993). In the present study, I aim to summarise the theoretical conclusions drawn so far from the description of these observed translational features, as well as the results of the research into linguistic phenomena and laws that characterise translations in general, then I will synthesise and graphically represent the lessons learned in a theoretical model. Hopefully, it will provide help to understand and process the research data gained so far and in the future.
The idea of faithfulness and reformulation of the Gricean maxims for the needs of translation
Authors: Sanatifar Mohammad Saleh , Kenevisi Mohammad Sadegh 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Translation scholars have been applying the Gricean maxims as analytical tools to handle pragmatic issues in translation. Not always this genuine application is successful regarding that the maxims are culture-bound in nature and may not have the same utility in a different culture and/or in translation. Rarely any attempts have been done to adjust these maxims to the needs of translation. The present article, while does not intend to criticize the basic applicability of the maxims in translation, aims at reformulating them, within a framework of faithfulness, to be more flexible and responsive to the needs of translation. To illustrate this and evaluate the maxims, examples are analyzed and re-analyzed.
Is Medicine Losing its Way? A Firm Foundation for Medicine as a Real Therapeia
Authors: Eijk Willem Jacobus Cardinal 
Published: August 2017

Is medicine losing its way? This question may seem to imply a serious warning, one needing a further explanation. What I mean to say by the title of this paper is that we can detect an undeniable shift in medicine in the last forty to fifty years. Medicine used to focus on what we call “health care” in a classical sense, that is, the treatment of people suffering from diseases, injuries or handicaps, or the alleviation of pain and other symptoms. In addition to this, in the last half century, it has begun to offer more and more treatments aiming to perfect the qualities of people who are otherwise healthy. Summary Due to the rapid progress of research in the biomedical field, medicine is already and will ever more be able not only to cure diseases, but also to improve the characteristics of healthy human persons. This seems to be justifiable from the point of view of the contemporary view of man. This considers the mind as the actual human person and the body as an object of which he may dispose as he likes. However, serious and convincing objections exist against this view, because it does not do justice to the fact that we experience ourselves as a unity. Aristotelian-Thomist anthropology explains man as a substantial unity of a spiritual and a material dimension, of body and soul, which implies that the body is an essential dimension of man, participates in his intrinsic dignity and is never to be instrumentalized in order to improve the characteristics of healthy people. Medicine should apply all new medical techniques availed, but remain true health care.