bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ideals, practices, and future prospects of stakeholder involvement in sustainability science
Authors: Mielke Jahel , Vermaßen Hannah , Ellenbeck Saskia 
Published: November 2017

SignificanceEven though stakeholder involvement (SI) is increasingly relevant in scientific research processes, especially in interdisciplinary fields like sustainability science, there is limited academic literature investigating conceptual or methodological questions. Through a survey among researchers from this field, this paper presents an overview of practices and ideals of SI as well as of their divergence. Furthermore, trade-offs between scientific ideals and SI, as well as necessary improvements concerning, for example, methods or funding, are described. To add to the conceptualization of SI, the survey data were related to a typology that differentiates democratic, technocratic, neoliberal-rational, and functionalist views of SI in science. The findings can form one possible basis for development of SI toward a more standardized research approach in sustainability science.
Expansion microscopy of zebrafish for neuroscience and developmental biology studies
Authors: Freifeld Limor , Odstrcil Iris , Förster Dominique , Ramirez Alyson , Gagnon James A. , Randlett Owen , Costa Emma K. , Asano Shoh , Celiker Orhan T. , Gao Ruixuan , Martin-Alarcon Daniel A. , Reginato Paul , Dick Cortni , Chen Linlin , Schoppik David , Engert Florian , Baier Herwig , Boyden Edward S. 
Published: November 2017

Significance
We explore the utility of expansion microscopy (ExM) in neuroscience and developmental biology using the zebrafish model. Regarding neuroscience studies, ExM enables the tracing of cellular processes in the zebrafish brain, as well as the imaging of synapses and their biomolecular content and organization. Regarding development, ExM enables the resolving of nuclear compartments, particularly nuclear invaginations and channels, and helps relate such cellular nanostructures to proteins of the cytoskeleton during embryogenesis.
Multiple pathways in pressure-induced phase transition of coesite
Authors: Liu Wei , Wu Xuebang , Liang Yunfeng , Liu Changsong , Miranda Caetano R. , Scandolo Sandro 
Published: November 2017

Significance
Coesite is an important geological mineral, yet it presents complicated phase transformations under compression. Earlier reports of pressure-induced amorphization have been later refined showing formation of various crystalline structures, including a high-pressure octahedral phase. Due to the complicated structure nature of coesite, we need to represent the system in a relatively large box. Previous first-principles calculations are limited, as only a small unit cell was employed. Here, we carried out molecular dynamics simulations based on an ab initio parameterized polarizable force field. This approach allows us accurate simulations with relatively large system sizes, which eventually enables us to provide a theoretical identification of multiple transformation pathways that have been discovered so far.
Parallel epigenetic modifications induced by hatchery rearing in a Pacific salmon
Authors: Le Luyer Jérémy , Laporte Martin , Beacham Terry D. , Kaukinen Karia H. , Withler Ruth E. , Leong Jong S. , Rondeau Eric B. , Koop Ben F. , Bernatchez Louis 
Published: November 2017

Significance
Captive rearing is known to impact the fitness of individuals released in the wild, but the relative role of genetic vs. nongenetic underlying processes is still debated. We measured genome-wide methylation profiles to document epigenetic differences between Pacific salmon originating from a hatchery and their natural-born congeners in two geographically distant rivers. Our results provide evidence that the epigenetic modifications induced by hatchery rearing provide a potential explanatory mechanism for reduced fitness of hatchery-reared salmon once released in the wild.
Lessons Learned in Clinical Trial Communication During an Ebola Outbreak: The Implementation of STRIVE
Authors: Callis Amy , Carter Victoria M , Ramakrishnan Aparna , Albert Alison P , Conteh Lansana , Barrie Alhaji Amadu , Fahnbulleh Lucian , Koroma Mark M , Saidu Samuel , Williams Otis , Samai Mohamed 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Communication contributed to 4 important aspects of the Sierra Leone Trial to Introduce a Vaccine Against Ebola (STRIVE): recruiting participants, supporting Human Subjects Protection, building trust in the community to support the trial, and mitigating the impact of rumors and misinformation. Communication was particularly important because STRIVE was Sierra Leone’s first vaccine clinical trial and was implemented during a public health emergency. Communication efforts began months prior to trial launch, building awareness and support through sensitization sessions with stakeholders and community leaders. Community engagement activities continued throughout the trial to maintain relationships with leaders and stakeholders and disseminate accurate information, fostering trust in the trial. The communication team led recruitment with hundreds of information sessions for potential participants, facilitating the informed consent process. Communication efforts continued post-enrollment, supporting ongoing voluntary participation in the trial. Informal formative activities during the trial yielded insights on participants’ perceptions and information needs. While Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Institutional Review Board–approved activities and materials did not change, this flexible strategy allowed for responsive interactions with participants. The trial success and its community acceptance illustrated STRIVE’s successful communications efforts, owing in large part to this flexibility and commitment to community engagement.

Clinical Trials Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov [NCT02378753] and Pan African Clinical Trials Registry [PACTR201502001037220].
Long-Term Outcomes After Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Benign Meningioma: A Single Institution's Experience With 424 Patients
Authors: Seo Youngbeom , Kim Dong Gyu , Kim Jin Wook , Han Jung Ho , Chung Hyun-Tai , Paek Sun-Ha 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is recognized as an important treatment modality for meningioma.

OBJECTIVE
To analyze the long-term outcomes in meningioma patients treated with GKRS to determine the risk factors related to treatment failure and peritumoral edema (PTE) development.

METHODS
Between 1998 and 2010, 770 consecutive patients were treated with GKRS for intracranial meningioma. After the exclusion of patients with follow-up periods of less than 5 yr and those with neurofibromatosis, multiple meningiomas, nonbenign meningioma, or radiotherapy, a total of 424 patients were enrolled in this study. The median follow-up duration was 92 mo. The median tumor volume was 4.35 cm3, and the median marginal dose was 14 Gy.

RESULTS
The overall local tumor control rate was 84%. The actuarial tumor control rates were 91.7% and 78.9% at 5 and 10 yr, respectively. The tumor control rate of a radiologically diagnosed tumor was higher than that of a grade I tumor (82% vs 70.1% at 10 yr, P = .001). In multivariate analysis, factors associated with tumor progression were female sex (hazard ratio: 0.5, P = .025) and a previous history of craniotomy (hazard ratio: 1.9, P = .009). Symptomatic PTE was identified in 36 (8.5%) patients, and the factor associated with poor PTE was the presence of PTE before GKRS (odds ratio: 4.6, P < .001). Permanent complication rate was 4%.

CONCLUSION
GKRS appears to be an effective treatment modality for meningioma with long-term follow-up. However, the identification of delayed tumor progression in our study suggests that extended follow-up data should be collected after GKRS.
Integrative Review of Service-Learning Assessment in Nursing Education
Authors: Taylor Susan L. , Leffers Jeanne M. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

AIM
The aim of the research is to review all qualitative research studies related to service-learning assessment in nursing education.

BACKGROUND
Recent literature reviews have examined quantitative but not qualitative research studies on service-learning assessment in nursing education.

METHOD
An integrative review analyzed the results of published qualitative research of service-learning assessment. Articles included in this review were published in English in peer-reviewed journals from 1997 to 2014 and encompassed information on outcomes, assessment or evaluation, nursing education, and service-learning.

RESULTS
Nine articles containing thematic analysis were included in the final review. Findings were synthesized into a higher order of analysis. Eight categories from that analysis were created: professional competency development, integration of knowledge for the professional nursing role, greater understanding of community strengths and needs, collaboration and teamwork, transformation and personal growth, civic engagement, emotions and adjustment, and culture awareness and competency.

CONCLUSION
The integrative review will aid in the development of measurement categories for further nursing service-learning assessment work.
Effect of Thoracic Epidural Ropivacaine versus Bupivacaine on Lower Urinary Tract Function
Authors: Girsberger Stefan A. , Schneider Marc P. , Löffel Lukas M. , Burkhard Fiona C. , Wuethrich Patrick Y. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Background
Thoracic epidural analgesia with bupivacaine resulted in clinically relevant postvoid residuals due to detrusor underactivity. This study aimed to compare the risk of bladder dysfunction with ropivacaine versus bupivacaine using postvoid residuals and maximum flow rates. Our hypothesis was that ropivacaine would result in lower postvoid residuals, because ropivacaine has been shown to have less effect on motor blockade.

Methods
In this single-center, parallel-group, randomized, double-blind superiority trial, 42 patients undergoing open renal surgery were equally allocated to receive epidural bupivacaine 0.125% or ropivacaine 0.2%, and 36 were finally included. Inclusion criterion was normal bladder function. Patients underwent urodynamic investigations preoperatively and during thoracic epidural analgesia. Primary outcome was the difference in postvoid residual preoperatively and during thoracic epidural analgesia postoperatively. Secondary outcomes were changes in maximum flow rate between and within the groups.

Results
Median difference in postvoid residual (ml) from baseline to postoperatively was 300 (range, 30 to 510; P < 0.001) for bupivacaine and 125 (range, −30 to 350; P = 0.011) for ropivacaine, with a significant mean difference between groups (−175; 95% CI, −295 to −40; P = 0.012). Median difference in maximum flow rate (ml/s) was more pronounced with bupivacaine (−12; range, −28 to 3; P < 0.001) than with ropivacaine (−4; range, −16 to 7; P = 0.025) with a significant mean difference between groups (7; 95% CI, 0 to 12; P = 0.028). Pain scores were similar. No adverse events occurred.

Conclusions
Postvoid residuals were significantly lower using ropivacaine compared to bupivacaine for thoracic epidural analgesia reflecting less impairment of detrusor function with ropivacaine.
Period-dependent Associations between Hypotension during and for Four Days after Noncardiac Surgery and a Composite of Myocardial Infarction and Death
Authors: Sessler Daniel I. , Meyhoff Christian S. , Zimmerman Nicole M. , Mao Guangmei , Leslie Kate , Vásquez Skarlet M. , Balaji Packianathaswamy , Alvarez-Garcia Jesús , Cavalcanti Alexandre B. , Parlow Joel L. , Rahate Prashant V. , Seeberger Manfred D. , Gossetti Bruno , Walker S. A. , Premchand Rajendra K. , Dahl Rikke M. , Duceppe Emmanuelle , Rodseth Reitze , Botto Fernando , Devereaux P. J. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Background
The relative contributions of intraoperative and postoperative hypotension to perioperative morbidity remain unclear. We determined the association between hypotension and a composite of 30-day myocardial infarction and death over three periods: (1) intraoperative, (2) remaining day of surgery, and (3) during the initial four postoperative days.

Methods
This was a substudy of POISE-2, a 10,010-patient factorial-randomized trial of aspirin and clonidine for prevention of myocardial infarction. Clinically important hypotension was defined as systolic blood pressure less than 90 mmHg requiring treatment. Minutes of hypotension was the exposure variable intraoperatively and for the remaining day of surgery, whereas hypotension status was treated as binary variable for postoperative days 1 to 4. We estimated the average relative effect of hypotension across components of the composite using a distinct effect generalized estimating model, adjusting for hypotension during earlier periods.

Results
Among 9,765 patients, 42% experienced hypotension, 590 (6.0%) had an infarction, and 116 (1.2%) died within 30 days of surgery. Intraoperatively, the estimated average relative effect across myocardial infarction and mortality was 1.08 (98.3% CI, 1.03, 1.12; P < 0.001) per 10-min increase in hypotension duration. For the remaining day of surgery, the odds ratio was 1.03 (98.3% CI, 1.01, 1.05; P < 0.001) per 10-min increase in hypotension duration. The average relative effect odds ratio was 2.83 (98.3% CI, 1.26, 6.35; P = 0.002) in patients with hypotension during the subsequent four days of hospitalization.

Conclusions
Clinically important hypotension—a potentially modifiable exposure—was significantly associated with a composite of myocardial infarction and death during each of three perioperative periods, even after adjustment for previous hypotension.
The South African English Smartphone Digits-in-Noise Hearing Test: Effect of Age, Hearing Loss, and Speaking Competence
Authors: Potgieter Jenni-Marí , Swanepoel De Wet , Myburgh Hermanus Carel , Smits Cas 
Published: November 2017

Objectives:
This study determined the effect of hearing loss and English-speaking competency on the South African English digits-in-noise hearing test to evaluate its suitability for use across native (N) and non-native (NN) speakers.

Design:
A prospective cross-sectional cohort study of N and NN English adults with and without sensorineural hearing loss compared pure-tone air conduction thresholds to the speech reception threshold (SRT) recorded with the smartphone digits-in-noise hearing test. A rating scale was used for NN English listeners’ self-reported competence in speaking English. This study consisted of 454 adult listeners (164 male, 290 female; range 16 to 90 years), of whom 337 listeners had a best ear four-frequency pure-tone average (4FPTA; 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz) of ≤25 dB HL.

Results:
A linear regression model identified three predictors of the digits-in-noise SRT, namely, 4FPTA, age, and self-reported English-speaking competence. The NN group with poor self-reported English-speaking competence (≤5/10) performed significantly (p < 0.01) poorer than the N and NN (≥6/10) groups on the digits-in-noise test. Screening characteristics of the test improved with separate cutoff values depending on English-speaking competence for the N and NN groups (≥6/10) and NN group alone (≤5/10). Logistic regression models, which include age in the analysis, showed a further improvement in sensitivity and specificity for both groups (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.962 and 0.903, respectively).

Conclusions:
Self-reported English-speaking competence had a significant influence on the SRT obtained with the smartphone digits- in-noise test. A logistic regression approach considering SRT, self-reported English-speaking competence, and age as predictors of best ear 4FPTA >25 dB HL showed that the test can be used as an accurate hearing screening tool for N and NN English speakers. The smartphone digits-in-noise test, therefore, allows testing in a multilingual population familiar with English digits using dynamic cutoff values that can be chosen according to self-reported English-speaking competence and age.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis With Cefuroxime: Influence of Duration on Infection Rate With Staphylococcus aureus in a Contaminated Open Fracture Model
Authors: Puetzler Jan , Metsemakers Willem-Jan , Arens Daniel , Zeiter Stephan , Kuehl Richard , Raschke Michael J. , Richards Robert Geoff , Moriarty Thomas Fintan 
Published: November 2017

Objectives:
The optimal duration of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP) for open fractures remains controversial because of heterogeneous or unclear guidelines and highly variable prophylactic regimens in clinical practice. We aimed at testing different PAP durations under controlled conditions in a contaminated rabbit fracture model.

Methods:
A complete humeral osteotomy in 18 rabbits was fixed with a 7-hole locking compression plate and inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus. Cefuroxime was administered in a weight-adjusted dosage equivalent to human medicine (18.75 mg/kg). PAP was administered as a single shot only; for 24 hours; or for 72 hours in separate groups of rabbits (n = 6 per group). Infection was assessed after 2 weeks by quantitative bacteriological evaluation of the tissues and hardware.

Results:
Postoperative duration of PAP had a significant impact on the success of antibiotic prophylaxis in this model. Whereas the single-shot regimen completely failed to prevent infection, the 24-hour regimen showed a reduced infection rate (1 of 6 rabbits infected), but only the 72-hour course was able to prevent fracture-related infection in all animals in our model.

Conclusions:
When contamination with high bacterial loads is likely (eg, in an open fracture situation), a 72-hour course of intravenous cefuroxime seems to be superior in preventing fracture-related infection in our rabbit model compared with a single-shot or 24-hour antibiotic regimen.
Increasing Severity of Malnutrition Is Associated With Poorer 30-Day Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Hip Fracture Surgery
Authors: Chung Andrew S. , Hustedt Joshua W. , Walker Robert , Jones Clifford , Lowe Jason , Russell George V. 
Published: November 2017

Objectives:
Low serum albumin levels (hypoalbuminemia) have classically been used to identify malnutrition. The effect of increasing severity of malnutrition on postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery has not been well delineated on a large scale.

Design:
Retrospective.

Setting:
Multicenter.

Patient/Participants:
A total of 12,373 patients undergoing hip fracture surgery from 2006 to 2013 National Surgery Quality Improvement Project data were identified.

Intervention:
Patient demographic, comorbidity, and preoperative laboratory data and complication, reoperation, and readmission data were collected.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the effect of increasing severity of malnutrition on rates of 30-day postoperative complications, readmissions, and reoperations.

Results:
A total of 12,373 hip fractures met inclusion criteria. A total of 6506 (52.6%) patients had normal albumin levels (albumin ≥3.5 g/dL), 3205 (25.9%) patients were mildly malnourished (albumin 3.1–3.49 g/dL), 2265 (18.3%) were moderately malnourished (albumin 2.4–3.1 g/dL), and 397 (3.2%) patients were severely malnourished (albumin <2.4 g/dL). Mean age was similar between the 4 cohorts (P < 0.001). Severe malnutrition was associated with a 2-fold increase in the odds of postoperative complications and mortality when compared with mild malnutrition (P < 0.001). Increasing severity of malnutrition was associated with significantly longer lengths of stay and higher odds of experiencing a related readmission (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Increasing severity of hypoalbuminemia is independently associated with poorer outcomes in the 30 days after hip fracture surgery.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Pediatric ACL Reconstruction and Return to the Operating Room: Revision Is Less Than Half of the Story
Authors: DeFrancesco Christopher J. , Storey Eileen P. , Flynn John M. , Ganley Theodore J. 
Published: November 2017

Background:
Although there are several causes of unplanned return to the operating room (RTOR) following pediatric anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR), prior outcomes studies focus primarily on the risk of graft failure. We sought to comprehensively describe indications for RTOR in pediatric primary ACLR patients, estimate associated rates of RTOR, and assess the impact of concomitant meniscal procedures on these rates.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study considered patients who underwent primary ACLR at an urban, pediatric tertiary care hospital between 2013 and 2015. Cohorts were defined based on the presence or absence of a concomitant surgical meniscal procedure with the index ACLR. The primary outcome was RTOR for an indication pertaining to ACLR or a potential predilection for knee injury. Cases of RTOR were cataloged and classified according to indication. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier estimation and competing-risks regression. Comparisons of any-cause RTOR rates were done using log-rank tests.

Results:
After exclusion criteria were applied, 419 subjects were analyzed. RTOR indications were organized into 5 categories. The overall rate for any RTOR by 3 years after surgery was 16.5%. Graft failure and contralateral ACL tear were the most common indications for RTOR, with predicted rates of 10.3% and 7.1%, respectively. ACL graft failure accounted for less than half of RTOR cases cataloged. Patients who had a concomitant meniscus procedure had lower rates of RTOR.

Conclusions:
Approximately 1 in 6 pediatric ACLR patients underwent ≥1 repeat surgery within 3 postoperative years for indications ranging from wound breakdown to contralateral ACL rupture. While previous studies revealed high rates of complication after pediatric ACLR due primarily to graft failure, we found that re-tear is responsible for less than half of the 3-year RTOR risk. As almost half of re-tears in our sample occurred before clearance to return to full activities, we suspect that the high rate of complication is largely attributable to pediatric patients’ high activity levels and difficulties adhering to postoperative restrictions. Early treatment of meniscus pathology may reduce rates of RTOR.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—therapeutic.