bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Intravascular Ultrasound in Patients with Coronary Atherosclerosis (Literature Review)
Authors: Меркулов  , Merkulov E. , Миронов  , Mironov V. , Терещенко  , Tereshchenko A. , Абдужамалова  , Abduzhamalova N. , Наумов  , Naumov V. 
Published: February 2016

In recent years, along with radiopaque coronary angiography, the intravascular ultrasound of
the coronary arteries is widely used. This method allows to image not only the lumen of the artery in real
time, but also to evaluate the ultrasonic structure of the vascular wall in various areas. Spectral analysis of
the radiofrequency characteristics of the reflected ultrasound signal allows to identifying the different types of plaques, including the structural unstable atherosclerotic plaques, among them the plaques with a high
risk of rupture ‐ a thin‐cap fibroatheroma. Accurate quantification and detailed qualitative analysis of the
state of the coronary arteries by the intravascular ultrasonic method assess the degree of atherosclerotic lesions
and to choose the most optimal method of treatment. Stenting of coronary arteries under ultrasound
control significantly reduces the risk of subacute thrombotic coronary artery occlusion in the stented segment
and restenosis in the stent.
The article discusses the role of the proposed method in clinical practice and in scientific work in the
field of the evolution of atherosclerotic plaques, and assessing the effectiveness of new interventional and
pharmacological therapies.
Culling the Herd: Using Real-World Randomized Experiments to Measure Social Bias with Known Costly Goods
Authors: Godinho de Matos Miguel , Ferreira Pedro , Smith Michael D. , Telang Rahul 
Published: February 2016

Peer ratings have become increasingly important sources of product information, particularly in markets for information goods. However, in spite of the increasing prevalence of this information, there are relatively few academic studies that analyze the impact of peer ratings on consumers transacting in “real-world” marketplaces. In this paper, we partner with a major telecommunications company to analyze the impact of peer ratings in a real-world video-on-demand market where consumer participation is organic and where movies are costly and well known to consumers. After experimentally changing the initial conditions of product information displayed to consumers, we find that, consistent with the prior literature, peer ratings influence consumer behavior independently from underlying product quality. However, we also find that, in contrast to the prior literature, there is little evidence of long-term bias as a result of herding effects, at least in our setting. Specifically, when movies are artificially promoted or demoted in peer rating lists, subsequent reviews cause them to return to their true quality position relatively quickly. One explanation for this difference is that consumers in our empirical setting likely had more outside information about the true quality of the products they were evaluating than did consumers in the studies reported in prior literature. Although tentative, this explanation suggests that in real-world marketplaces where consumers have sufficient access to outside information about true product quality, peer ratings may be more robust to herding effects and thus provide more reliable signals of true product quality than previously thought. This paper was accepted by Lorin M. Hitt, information systems.
Targeted Information Release in Social Networks
Authors: Zhou Junjie , Chen Ying-Ju 
Published: February 2016

As various firms initially make information and access to their products/services scarce within a social network, identifying influential players emerges as a pivotal step for their success. In this paper, we tackle this problem using a stylized model that features payoff externalities and local network effects. The network designer is allowed to release information to only a subset of players (leaders); these targeted players make their contributions first and the rest (followers) move subsequently after observing the leaders’ decisions. In the presence of incomplete information, the signaling incentive drives the optimal selection of leaders and can lead to a first-order materialistic effect on equilibrium contributions. We propose a novel index for the key leader selection with incomplete information that can be substantially different from the key player index in Ballester et al. (2006) [Ballester C, Calvó-Armengol A, Zenou Y (2006) Who’s who in networks. wanted: The key player. Econometrica 74(5):1403–1417] and the key leader index with complete information proposed in Zhou and Chen (2015) [Zhou J, Chen Y-J (2015) Key leaders in social networks. J. Econom. Theory 157:212–235]. We also show that in undirected graphs, the optimal leader group identified in Zhou and Chen (2015) is exactly the optimal follower group when signaling is present. In particular, if the graphs are complete, the network designer ranks the players by the ascending order of their intrinsic valuations, and the leaders are those with lower intrinsic valuations. In the out-tree hierarchical structure, the key leader turns out to be the one that stays in the middle, and it is not necessarily exactly the central player in the network.
A novel approach to antibiofilm susceptibility testing using a thermo-reversible matrix
Authors: Taylor B.J. , Marsh L.L. , Nosworthy J.O. , Williams D.W. 
Published: February 2016

Objective: Biofilm microorganisms are known to have a much higher tolerance to antimicrobials compared to their planktonic equivalents. Therefore, traditional antimicrobial susceptibility testing may not extrapolate to clinical treatment of infections of biofilm origin, and as a result, there is a need to not only develop antimicrobials with antibiofilm activity, but also suitable in vitro testing methods for their evaluation. In this study, we report on a novel method of antibiofilm testing using a thermo-reversible matrix (poloxamer 407), coupled with live/dead staining of bacteria cultured from the matrix. Method: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCIMB 8626) was cultured in medium containing poloxamer 407 at 37°C for 24 hours to generate biofilms. The preparation was cooled to liquefy the poloxamer and allow recovery of the biofilm cells, which were then stained with SYTO9 to determine viability following exposure to four antimicrobials: polyhexanide, octenadine dihydrochloride, povidone-iodine and silver carbonate. Over an 8-minute time period, fluorescence levels were spectrophotometrically measured and compared with bacterial controls, cultured in the absence of poloxamer and without antimicrobial. Results: Untreated cells showed no reduction in viability over this period. Importantly, planktonic cells were more susceptible to test agents compared with those of a ‘biofilm’ phenotype cultured in poloxamer. Antibiofilm activity was evident for all of the test agents, with highest relative activity seen with octenadine dihydrochloride. Conclusion: In summary, a novel and relatively rapid approach to screen compounds for antibiofilm activity has been described. The method uses standard laboratory equipment and can be readily adapted to test a wide range of microorganisms and other antibiofilm compounds. Declaration of interest: This research was, in part, supported by Advanced Medical Solutions in the form of a Knowledge Transfer Project. Mr J. Nosworthy was employed by Advanced Medical Solutions. There are no other conflicts of interests to declare.
In vitro activity of an engineered honey, medical-grade honeys, and antimicrobial wound dressings against biofilm-producing clinical bacterial isolates
Authors: Halstead F. D. , Webber M. A. , Rauf M. , Burt R. , Dryden M. , Oppenheim B. A. 
Published: February 2016

Objective: Honey is recognised to be a good topical wound care agent owing to a broad-spectrum of antimicrobial activity combined with healing properties. Surgihoney RO (SH1) is a product based on honey that is engineered to produce enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and has been reported to be highly antimicrobial. The objective was to investigate the ability of the engineered honey and its comparators to prevent biofilm formation in vitro. Method: We tested the ability of three medical-grade honeys SH1, Activon manuka honey (MH) and Medihoney manuka honey (Med), alongside five antimicrobial dressings (AMDs) to prevent the formation of biofilms by 16 isolates. Honeys were serially double diluted from 1:3 down to 1:6144 and the lowest dilution achieving a statistically significant reduction in biomass of at least 50%, compared with untreated controls, was recorded. Results: Although all the honeys were antibacterial and were able to prevent the formation of biofilms, SH1 was the most potent, with efficacy at lower dilutions than the medical honeys for five isolates, and equivalent dilutions for a further six. Additionally, SH1 was superior in antibacterial potency to three commercially available AMDs that contain honey. Conclusion: SH1 is effective at preventing bioflms from forming and is superior to medical honeys and AMDs in in vitro tests.
The presence of biofilm structures in atherosclerotic plaques of arteries from legs amputated as a complication of diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Snow D. E. , Everett J. , Mayer G. , Cox S. B. , Miller B. , Rumbaugh K. , Wolcott R. A. , Wolcott R. D. 
Published: February 2016

Objective Atherosclerosis, rather than microcirculatory impairment caused by endothelial cell dysfunction, is the main driver of circulatory compromise in patients with diabetic limbs. The presence of atherosclerotic plaque at the trifurcation is a significant contributor to amputation of diabetic legs. The presence of bacteria and other microorganisms in atherosclerotic plaque has long been known, however, the cause of chronic inflammation and the role of bacteria/viruses in atherosclerosis have not been studied in detail. The objective of this study was to clarify the cause of the chronic inflammation within atherosclerotic plaques, and determine if any bacteria and/or viruses are involved in the inflammatory pathway. Method This study uses fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence in-situ hybridisation (FISH) to identify components of biofilm in atherosclerotic arteries. These tools are also used to identify individual bacteria, and determine the architectural spatial location within the atherosclerotic plaque where the bacteria can be found. Results The results indicate that the presence of biofilms in grossly involved arteries may be an important factor in chronic inflammatory pathways of atherosclerotic progression, in the amputated limbs of patients with diabetic foot ulcers and vascular disease. Conclusion While the presence of bacterial biofilm structures in atherosclerotic plaque does not prove that biofilm is the proximate cause of atherosclerosis, it could contribute to the persistent inflammation associated with it. Second, the synergistic relationship between the atherosclerotic infection and the diabetic foot ulcer may ultimately contribute to higher amputation rates in diabetics. Declaration of interest: RAW and RDW have equity interest in PathoGenius, a clinical laboratory using DNA to identify microbes.
Challenging present concepts in compression therapy: static stiffness index is not consistent and not clinically relevant
Authors: Kravitz S. , Hegarty-Craver M. , Reid L. 
Published: February 2016

Once a circumferential force is delivered to a limb by a compression device, assuming the tension within the device remains constant, any change in the total force is dependent upon a change in circumference of the limb, with the rate of change (excluding fabric creep) being dependent on the stress strain curve of the device. This article addresses the pre-conceived and well-accepted principle that interface compression delivered by a compression device substantially increases with the position of the limb, based on the positions of sitting (non-weight bearing) to standing and/or during muscle activity (ankle dorsiflexion). Using engineering parameters and clinical measurements, the authors demonstrate that changes in interface pressure are minimal if any, and that the current concept should be modified accordingly. Declaration of interest: This study was sponsored by Carolon. L. Reid, and S. Kravitz are employees of Carolon. M. Hegarty-Craver has received monetary compensation as a researcher for Carolon.
Surgical outcome and patterns of recurrence for retroperitoneal sarcoma at a single centre
Authors: Hogg HDJ , Manas DM , Lee D , Dildey P , Scott J , Lunec J , French JJ 
Published: February 2016

Introduction Retroperitoneal sarcoma is a surgically managed condition that can recur locally following macroscopically complete resection. Owing to the low incidence of the condition, advances in treatment are reported infrequently but complete compartmental resection and adjuvant or neoadjuvant radiotherapy are areas under investigation. Given the practical difficulty of randomised trials, observational data can highlight advantages from progressive treatment approaches. Methods A retrospective database of consecutive retroperitoneal sarcoma resections performed at a single referral centre between March 1997 and March 2013 was interrogated. Histological, radiological and clinical data were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses for disease free and overall survival were performed to establish independent predictors of disease recurrence and patient survival. Results A total of 79 patients underwent 90 resections (63 primary). The mean five-year overall and disease free survival rates were 55.3% and 24.8% respectively. Higher patient age, high tumour grade, presence of extraretroperitoneal disease and invasive tumour phenotype were found to significantly predict survival following multivariate analysis. Half (50%) of the tumours displayed invasive behaviour on histopathology and 42% of locoregional recurrence was intraperitoneal. Conclusions Retroperitoneal sarcoma is commonly an infiltrative tumour and often recurs outside of the retroperitoneum. These features limit the therapeutic impact of interventions that focus on gaining local control such as complete compartmental resection and radiotherapy. It seems likely that future advances in the management of this cancer will involve new systemic agents to treat this frequently systemic disease.
Thomas Adès and Meredith Oakes: The Tempest
Authors: Ewans Michael 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This article analyses the opera The Tempest, composed by Thomas Adès to a text written for him by Meredith Oakes (after Shakespeare); it was first staged at The Royal Opera House in London in 2004. The text is first examined for its relationship with Shakespeare’s original play; the plot, cuts, transpositions and significant additions are all examined; then the relationship between the dramatic themes of the opera and those of the source text, and the ways in which direct quotations from Shakespeare are used and reworked, are also considered. In these last two sections the music of the opera begins to feature in the analysis, and text and music are examined as an integrated whole in the sections that follow, which discuss in turn the four principal characters Prospero, Caliban, Miranda and Ariel. Two closing sections consider aspects of the structure and style of the music that have not been explored earlier in the article. There are numerous quotations from the libretto, three plates and five music examples.
The new choreography of Rodgers and Hammerstein’s Allegro
Authors: Rumsey Phoebe 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This article investigates John Doyle’s 2014 revival of Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein’s 1947 musical Allegro. Specifically, this discussion considers how the choice to have all actors in a musical play an instrument creates choreographic material that becomes ripe with dramatic opportunities. The discussion explores how Doyle’s move away from dance and towards musicianship as a way of defining character makes Allegro’s themes resonate in a way that escaped director and choreographer Agnes DeMille in the original. Through an analysis of the movements required to play a musical instrument, this article poses the dramaturgical question, how does a new choreography emerge out of the shift of musicianship to the actors, and how does this movement provide a new way of synthesizing the piece? Given that this choreographic substance inevitably becomes part of the dramatic action, this article probes how the production is mediated through the physical. Reckoning with how the body is rethought onstage by the playing of an instrument, the Doyle staging presents alternative modes of expression of choreographic material. Finally, an analysis of the dramatic opportunities that open up when actors take on the orchestration, illustrates how this ‘new choreography’ impacts the form and interpretation of the piece.
Avobenzone encapsulated in modified dextrin for improved UV protection and reduced skin penetration
Authors: Li Chia-Ching , Lin Li-Huei , Lee Hsun-Tsing , Tsai Jing-Ru 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe present study used differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and UV spectrometry to examine: i) the encapsulation of an organic UV filter 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)propane-1,3-dione (avobenzone) within modified dextrin and ii) the characteristics of these inclusion complexes (MDA). The properties of avobenzone emulsions with and without encapsulation in modified dextrin, the in vitro UV protection factor, dissolution and release, and the skin penetrability of avobenzone were also examined. The presence of inclusion complexes significantly decreased the tendency of the UV filter to penetrate the skin. In addition, such inclusion complexes should effectively prevent skin damage from radiation extending from the UVA to the UVC.
Preparation and catalytic performance of quaternary ammonium base resin for methanolysis of natural phosphatidylcholine
Authors: Li Hong-Ya , Zhang Xiao-Li , Yan Biao , Zhao Bin-Xia , Gao Jing 
Published: February 2016

AbstractReceived 1 August 2015; Revised 23 November 2015; Accepted 26 November 2015The most acceptable method for preparing glycerophosphocholine is to hydrolyse the natural phosphatidylcholine and use the quaternary ammonium base resin, as a promising heterogeneous catalyst can simplify the craft and minimise the problems existing in the homogeneous catalytic process. However, most of the resins reported in the literature are commercial trimethyl benzyl ammonium base resins and the application of other longer carbon-chain quaternary ammonium resins has not been reported. In the present work, a series of quaternary ammonium base resins were prepared from chloromethyl polystyrene microspheres and different tertiary amines and were used to prepare glycerophosphocholine from natural phosphatidylcholine. The factors affecting the exchange capacity and activity of the resin were investigated. The results showed that the resin possessed a better activity and stability under the following conditions: 1,4-dioxane as solvent, triethylamine as amination agent, reaction temperature of 60°C and amination time of 3 h; it was then used in the methanolysis of phosphatidylcholine by ultrasound-assisted reaction at ambient temperature, with the conversion of phosphatidylcholine attaining 97 % after 4 h. The catalyst was easy to separate from the reaction mixture and could also be readily available for repeat use; the activity and stability were largely consistent after six repeat uses.
Giant Magnetoelectric Effect in PZT Thin Film Deposited on Nickel
Authors: Gupta Reema , Tomar Monika , Gupta Vinay , Zhou Yuan , Chopra Anuj , Priya Shashank , Bhalla A. S. , Guo R. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The magnetoelectric (ME) effect has been investigated in lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin film deposited on nickel foil using chemical solution deposition (CSD) technique. The synthesized PZT thin films are found to possess perovskite structure without presence of any intermediate layer. PZT thin film deposited on nickel foil exhibits a good ferroelectric property with a high remnant polarization of about 86 µC/cm2.The ferroelectric loop has been modeled using domain wall theory to verify the behavior of the ferroelectric domains. It is observed that deposition conditions, specially annealing temperature, play a crucial role in enhancing the magnetoelectric effect. A high ME coefficient of 220 mVcm–1Oe–1 at a bias magnetic field of 50 Oe has been obtained due to enhanced magnetoelectric coupling between PZT film and nickel foil.
Temperamental basis of sense of humor: validating the state-trait-cheerfulness-inventory in Mainland China
Authors: Chen Guo-Hai , Ruch Willibald , Li Yan-Na 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis paper examined the reliability and validity of the State-Trait-Cheerfulness-Inventory (STCI) in Mainland China. The Chinese translation of the STCI-T<106i>, STCI-S<45i> and the Temporal Satisfaction with Life Scale (TSWLS) were administered to 476 university students (313 females, 157 males, 6 missing; 20.40 ± 1.35 years of age). Results showed that the STCI-T<106> and the STCI-S<45> had high Cronbach alphas ranging from 0.60 to 0.92 in Mainland China, and the factorial structures of the instruments were supported. The STCI-T<60> and STCI-S<30> were developed utilizing three criteria for the selection of items. Cronbach alphas were satisfactory ranging from 0.67 to 0.94. The factor structure of the items appeared to be highly generalizable in Mainland China. Joint factor analyses of the state and trait items yielded three factors (cheerfulness, seriousness and bad mood) both as traits and states with the homologous concepts positively correlated. As expected, cheerfulness correlated negatively with bad mood, and cheerfulness correlated negatively with state seriousness. Meanwhile, seriousness correlated positively with bad mood. Moreover, life satisfaction was related positively with cheerfulness and negatively with bad mood, and could be predicted by high cheerfulness and low bad mood. Applications of the STCI-T<60> and STCI-S<30> in the Chinese context and future research are discussed.
A Generalised Fault Protection Structure Proposed for Uni-grounded Low-Voltage AC Microgrids
Authors: Bui Duong Minh , Chen Shi-Lin , Lien Keng-Yu , Jiang Jheng-Lun 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This paper presents three main configurations of uni-grounded low-voltage AC microgrids. Transient situations of a uni-grounded low-voltage (LV) AC microgrid (MG) are simulated through various fault tests and operation transition tests between grid-connected and islanded modes. Based on transient simulation results, available fault protection methods are proposed for main and back-up protection of a uni-grounded AC microgrid. In addition, concept of a generalised fault protection structure of uni-grounded LVAC MGs is mentioned in the paper. As a result, main contributions of the paper are: (i) definition of different uni-grounded LVAC MG configurations; (ii) analysing transient responses of a uni-grounded LVAC microgrid through line-to-line faults, line-to-ground faults, three-phase faults and a microgrid operation transition test, (iii) proposing available fault protection methods for uni-grounded microgrids, such as: non-directional or directional overcurrent protection, under/over voltage protection, differential current protection, voltage-restrained overcurrent protection, and other fault protection principles not based on phase currents and voltages (e.g. total harmonic distortion detection of currents and voltages, using sequence components of current and voltage, 3I0
or 3V0
components), and (iv) developing a generalised fault protection structure with six individual protection zones to be suitable for different uni-grounded AC MG configurations.