bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Attachment Design and Aligner Material on Mandibular Canine Distal Bodily Movement in Aligner Treatment
Authors: Chen Pin-Yu , Huang Heng-Li , Yu Jian-Hong , Hsu Jui-Ting 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Dental crowding is a result of a mismatch between tooth size and arch dimensions, which leads to malocclusion; treatment often involves premolar extraction before orthodontic alignment. Clear aligners are limited in their ability to achieve canine distal bodily movement, a common orthodontic maneuver. This study investigated the impacts of attachment design and aligner material on the efficacy of canine distal bodily movement.

Methods
A finite element analysis was conducted to examine the impact of various attachment designs and two aligner materials, thermoplastic polyurethanes/polycarbonate (TPU/PC) and polyethylene terephthalate glycol-modified (PETG), on mandibular canine distal bodily movement. The investigation focused on the biomechanical responses in the periodontal ligament (PDL) and surrounding alveolar bone.

Results
Attachment configuration exerted a strong influence on mandibular canine movement. Vertically oriented attachment pairs positioned mesially (mesial occlusal–mesial cervical) resulted in the most effective canine distal bodily movement, followed by a rectangular attachment. TPU/PC aligners induced slightly higher principal stresses in the PDL and von Mises stress and strain in the surrounding alveolar bone compared with PETG aligners; however, the difference was negligible, amounting to less than 6%.

Conclusion
Attachment design, specifically vertically oriented pairs positioned mesially (mesial occlusal–mesial cervical), was determined to be the crucial factor influencing the efficacy of canine distal bodily movement. The choice of aligner material (TPU/PC or PETG) has minimal impact on this orthodontic procedure.
Frontiers in construction 3D printing: self-monitoring, multi-robot, drone-assisted processes
Authors: Li Shuai , Lan Tian , Nguyen Hung-Xuan , Tran Phuong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo overcome productivity issues and revolutionize the stagnating construction industry, a large amount of research efforts has been devoted to robot-assisted construction technology. The advancements in robotics including mechanical system design, tool design, digital system design, and numerical control systems design enabled engineers to create complex geometries that are infeasible for conventional construction methods. In addition, innovative robotic systems that utilize mobile platforms, multiple robots, and unmanned aerial vehicles have demonstrated significant promise in fully automating the construction process. This work will provide a perspective on the state-of-the-art applications of robotics in the revolution of construction, where a comprehensive review of the current development of the relevant software and hardware, 3D concrete printing (3DCP), robot-assisted assembly of discrete prefabricated blocks, real-time quality monitoring and feedback control systems, and typical innovative robot-assisted structural designs are conducted. Finally, the limitations of existing robot-assisted construction technology are identified, which leads to several recommendations for future research toward fully automatic construction.
Raised by White People. Conceptualisations of ‘Culture’ in the Foster Placement of African Minority Youth in Norway
Authors: Wathne K. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the intricate dynamics of transethnic foster placement in Norway, focusing on African minority youth and how ‘culture’ and ‘identity’ is conceptualised within this context. Through semi-structured interviews, the study builds on the lived experiences of a set of 15 families (including 60 children), alongside insights from fostered individuals, foster parents, and a placement official. The discussion delves into the profound effects of cultural dislocation and identity crisis experienced by minority youth, problematising how foster placement often leads to adverse life trajectories, including issues with uprootedness, substance abuse, psychiatric illness, and loss of ethnic identity. At the core of the discussion is the contention that while the child protection system in Norway is mandated to safeguard children, it inadvertently neglects the cultural rights and identity development of African minority youth. Employing insight from Franz Fanon and Jean-Paul Sartre to articulate the psychological impact and moral implications of such transethnic placements, the paper argues for re-evaluating assimilation practices and cultural rights within the child protection framework, highlighting the need for a culturally sensitive and rights-based approach to foster care. This research contributes to the broader discourse on human rights and social work, emphasising the ethical and legal dimensions of fostering minority children.
Does user-generated content influence value co-creation in the context of luxury fashion brand communities? Matching inclusivity and exclusivity
Authors: Basile Vincenzo , Brandão Amélia , Ferreira Mariana 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGiven the rise of digital technologies, brands must retain complete control and accountability for user content creation and diffusion. This paper investigates the influence of user-generated content on multiple luxury consumers’ value perceptions that arise within brand communities. A type of non-participatory netnography is performed on three fashion brand communities to analyze the content published by community members non-intrusively. Findings show that brand-related content allows users to share their perceived experiential benefits with their networks, ultimately reinforcing the brand’s experiential and symbolic dimensions. Moreover, user content influences one’s perception of value and attitude. However, if the sense of social homophily and membership is evident, diminishing a brand’s perceived value through brand dilution is unlikely. While previous studies revising the outcomes of online exposure for luxury firms have primarily focused on firm-controlled messages, this investigation acknowledges the importance of brand communities in creating and spreading brand-related content and their effect on luxury appeals. This study appears timely as the digital era empowers consumers to be proactive in Value Co-Creation dynamics and freely define the meaning of inclusivity in exclusive luxury.
Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement in Deep Water Formation Regions Under Low and High Emission Pathways
Authors: Nagwekar Tanvi , Nissen Cara , Hauck Judith 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOcean Alkalinity Enhancement (OAE) is an ocean‐based Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) method to mitigate climate change. Studies to characterize regional differences in OAE efficiencies and biogeochemical effects are still sparse. As subduction regions play a pivotal role for anthropogenic carbon uptake and centennial storage, we here evaluate OAE efficiencies in the subduction regions of the Southern Ocean, the Northwest Atlantic, and the Norwegian‐Barents Sea region. Using the ocean biogeochemistry model FESOM2.1‐REcoM3, we simulate continuous OAE globally and in the subduction regions under high (SSP3‐7.0) and low (SSP1‐2.6) emission scenarios. The OAE efficiency calculated by two different metrics is higher (by 8%–30%) for SSP3‐7.0 than for SSP1‐2.6 due to a lower buffer factor in a high‐ world. All subduction regions show a CDR potential (0.23–0.31; PgC uptake per Pg alkaline material) consistent with global OAE for both emission scenarios. Calculating the efficiency as the ratio of excess dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) to excess alkalinity shows that the Southern Ocean and the Northwest Atlantic are as efficient as the global ocean (0.79–0.85), while the Norwegian‐Barents Sea region has a lower efficiency (0.65–0.75). The subduction regions store a fraction of excess carbon below 1 km that is 1.9 times higher than the global ocean. The excess surface alkalinity and thus uptake and storage follow the mixed‐layer depth seasonality, with the majority of the excess flux occurring in summer at shallow mixed layer depths. This study therefore highlights that subduction regions can be efficient for OAE if optimal deployment strategies are developed.
Permafrost Degradation Induces the Abrupt Changes of Vegetation NDVI in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Yang Yanpeng , Wang Xufeng , Wang Tonghong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPermafrost, widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, plays a vital role in regulating heat and moisture cycles within ecosystems. In the last four decades, due to global warming, permafrost degradation has accelerated significantly in high latitudes and altitudes. However, the impact of permafrost degradation on vegetation remains poorly understood to date. Based on active layer thickness (ALT) monitoring data, meteorological data and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data, we found that most ALT‐monitored sites in the Northern Hemisphere show an increasing trend in NDVI and ALT. This suggests an overall increase in NDVI from 1980 to 2021 while permafrost degradation has been occurring. Permafrost degradation positively influences NDVI growth, with the intensity of the effects varying across land cover types and permafrost regions. Furthermore, based on Mann‐Kendall trend test, we detected abrupt changes in NDVI and environmental factors, further confirming that there is a strong consistency between the abrupt changes of ALT and NDVI, and the consistency between the abrupt change events of ALT and NDVI is stronger than that of air temperature and precipitation. These findings work toward a better comprehending of permafrost effects on vegetation growth in the context of climate change.
The Distribution of Surface Heat Flow on the Tibetan Plateau Revealed by Data‐Driven Methods
Authors: Zhang Zhengliang , Wu Sensen , Zhang Baohua , Du Zhenhong , Xia Qunke 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSurface heat flow (SHF) serves as a vital parameter for assessing the heat transfer from deep Earth to the surface, which can provide crucial insights into internal geodynamic processes. As the “roof of the world,” the Tibetan Plateau and its tectonic evolution are highly important in terms of global climate change and geodynamic study. However, a comprehensive understanding of the SHF distribution across most regions of the Tibetan Plateau is limited due to sparse measurement data. To surmount this limitation, a spatially intelligent approach has been developed: The geographically neural network weighted regression with enhanced interpretability (EI‐GNNWR). This method integrates spatial heterogeneity and nonlinear interactions between geophysical and geological factors to predict the SHF distribution across the Tibetan Plateau. In this study, the EI‐GNNWR model is used to accurately predict SHF across the entire region. After evaluating the effectiveness and interpretability of the EI‐GNNWR model, our results demonstrate that medium to high SHF values are predominantly concentrated in the southern, northeastern, and southeastern sectors of the Tibetan Plateau. These observations suggest that the formation of zones with high SHF values may be strongly influenced by the Moho depth, ridges, topography, and average curvature of satellite gravity gradients. Especially, higher SHF values may indicate more profound geodynamic activities such as collisional orogeny, shear deformation zones, or lithospheric extension. These findings offer novel insights into the spatial patterns of SHF and deepen our understanding of the geothermal formation mechanisms driven by underlying tectonic activities.
Predicting Characteristic Length Scales of Barrier Island Segmentation in Microtidal Environments
Authors: Palermo R. V. , Ashton A. D. , Nepf H. , Kule M. , Swanson T. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSegmented barrier islands can be found in regions with small tidal ranges. In contrast to tidally dominated barriers, where inlet dynamics are thought to control island length scales, the controls on barrier island length scales in wave‐dominated environments have not been quantified. These microtidal barriers typically have a curved shoreline, suggesting the influence of wave‐driven alongshore sediment transport. Microtidal barriers are also typically hydrodynamically isolated from one another, as weak tidal flows limit interactions between adjoining barriers. To better understand the controls on and scales of barrier segmentation in the relative absence of tides, here we develop a theoretical framework to estimate the alongshore length scales at which a barrier will either breach or heal following a disturbance in the barrier morphology. The non‐dimensional framework compares the timescales of overwash (advective) and alongshore sediment transport (diffusive) processes along barrier island chains. We then apply this framework to modern barrier islands in the microtidal Gulf of Mexico using wave hindcast data and the lengths, widths, heights, and lagoon depths measured from remotely sensed geospatial data and topobathymetric data. We find that most of these barriers are currently longer than their critical length scale, often as a result of coastal restoration efforts. Our critical length scale analysis suggests that most of the Gulf of Mexico barriers are vulnerable to segmentation despite coastal restoration efforts intended to protect fisheries and the mainland coasts.
TC‐GEN: Data‐Driven Tropical Cyclone Downscaling Using Machine Learning‐Based High‐Resolution Weather Model
Authors: Jing Renzhi , Gao Jianxiong , Cai Yunuo , Xi Dazhi , Zhang Yinda , Fu Yanwei , Emanuel Kerry , Diffenbaugh Noah S. , Bendavid Eran 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSynthetic downscaling of tropical cyclones (TCs) is critically important to estimate the long‐term hazard of rare high‐impact storm events. Existing downscaling approaches rely on statistical or statistical‐deterministic models that are capable of generating large samples of synthetic storms with characteristics similar to observed storms. However, these models do not capture the complex two‐way interactions between a storm and its environment. In addition, these approaches either necessitate a separate TC size model to simulate storm size or involve post‐processing to capture the asymmetries in the simulated surface wind. In this study, we present an innovative data‐driven approach for TC synthetic downscaling. Using a machine learning‐based high‐resolution global weather model (ML‐GWM), our approach can simulate the full life cycle of a storm with asymmetric surface wind that accounts for the two‐way interactions between the storm and its environment. This approach consists of multiple components: a data‐driven model for generating synthetic TC seeds, a blending method that seamlessly integrates storm seeds into the surrounding while maintaining the seed structure, and a model based on a recurrent neural network to correct for biases in storm intensity. Compared to observations and synthetic storms simulated using existing statistical‐deterministic and statistical downscaling approaches, our method shows the ability to effectively capture many aspects of TC statistics, including track density, landfall frequency, landfall intensity, and outermost wind extent. Leveraging the computational efficiency of ML‐GWM, our approach shows substantial potential for TC regional hazard and risk assessment.
Comprehensive Study of Large‐Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (LSTIDs) Observed Over Iran
Authors: Vazifehkhah Hafteh M. , Mahmoudian A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA dense network of GNSS receivers is employed to study temporal and spatial characteristics of large‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (LSTIDs) in Iran. Three geomagnetic storms in 2021 are selected. To determine LSTID propagation, an eighth‐order Butterworth bandpass filter was applied to the data to remove the diurnal variability of the total electron content (TEC). Moreover, two‐dimensional TEC perturbation maps are provided to explore the meridional and zonal structures of the LSTIDs. Analysis of a major storm on November 4 (Kp = 7, Dst = −99 nT) revealed two single LSTIDs and three groups of multiple LSTIDs. The phase velocity and wavelength of LSTIDs in this event varied between 190 and 930 m/s and 1,030–5,022 km, respectively. Southward propagating LSTIDs appeared to be more frequent than northward. The complex propagation of two simultaneous LSTIDs is resolved. A large‐amplitude mixed front showing broadening both latitudinally and meridionally is revealed. No nighttime propagating LSTID is reported. In addition, global differential TEC data are explored to examine the detection of LSTID propagation. The global data validates the timing, direction of propagation, and strength of LSTIDs detected over Iran. The auroral oval extension is consistent with generating and propagating reported LSTIDs. The second storm studied occurred on August 27 (Kp = 4, Dst = −82 nT). This storm exhibited weaker LSTIDs in terms of both observed numbers and amplitude. Finally, the storm case of May 12 (Kp = 7, Dst = −61 nT) was examined. The results underscores the vital role of the Dst index in studying LSTIDs.
Soil Carbon Accumulation Under Afforestation Is Driven by Contrasting Responses of Particulate and Mineral‐Associated Organic Carbon
Authors: Zhai Deping , Wang Yiyue , Liao Chang , Men Xiuxian , Wang Chi , Cheng Xiaoli 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAfforestation is widely believed to sequester carbon (C) in soil. However, the effect of afforestation on soil organic C (SOC) accumulation is still debated due to the contrasting features of particulate and mineral‐associated organic C (POC and MAOC). We conducted a field investigation of 144 paired sampling sites by comparing afforested and non‐afforested lands to investigate the POC and MAOC dynamics after afforestation across the Danjiangkou basin in subtropical China, where forests are dominated by Platycladus orientalis, Quercus variabilis and Pinus massoniana. The average contents of SOC, POC, and MAOC were significantly increased by afforestation; however, POC and MAOC responded differently to afforestation type. All afforestation types promoted the POC content, and MAOC also showed positive responses to afforestation except that afforestation with P. massoniana from shrubland significantly reduced the MAOC content. With increasing SOC content, the POC grew at a faster rate than MAOC at high SOC levels. Afforestation hindered the growth rate of POC, while it promoted the growth rate of MAOC as SOC accrued, which potentially obscured the distinct patterns of C accumulation triggered by afforestation. The variation partitioning suggests that, under afforestation, microbial traits had a higher contribution to both POC and MAOM variations compared with non‐afforested land. These results suggest that the robust buildup of microbial biomass due to increased plant C input following afforestation could contribute to soil C accumulation by promoting microbial necromass.
The Silent VOICE—Searching for Geochemical Markers to Track the Impact of Late Jurassic Rift Tectonics
Authors: Galloway Jennifer M. , Hadlari Thomas , Dewing Keith , Poulton Terence , Grasby Stephen E. , Reinhardt Lutz , Rogov Mikhail , Longman Jack , Vickers Madeleine 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA causal mechanism for the Volgian Isotopic Carbon Excursion (VOICE) remains enigmatic. Elemental geochemical profiles of the Deer Bay Formation, Sverdrup Basin, Arctic Canada that record the VOICE and contemporaneous strata are herein examined to provide insight into depositional environments during Late Jurassic‐Early Cretaceous time. Silver (Ag) and Cadmium (Cd) are enriched across the VOICE at localities on Axel Heiberg Island, and in Tithonian (∼Volgian) strata of Ellef Ringnes Island. Other redox‐sensitive trace elements do not exhibit spatially or temporally consistent patterns and indicate oxic conditions. A lack of relationship across the VOICE between Ag and the quality, quantity, and isotopic composition of organic matter suggests that the negative isotope excursion and interval of Ag enrichment are not merely functions of changes in organic matter source or amount, while a lack of spatially consistent change in geochemical indices of weathering similarly excludes climate change and/or sediment provenance as a driver. Therefore, in a ventilated setting and without marked changes in organic matter content, Ag enrichment may be due to hydrothermal activity. Contemporaneous Ag enrichment in strata from Svalbard suggests that a source of hot fluid sufficient to produce Ag‐rich seawater may have been related to rifting in the adjacent proto‐Amerasia Basin. Hydrothermal activity may also have been a widespread source of isotopically depleted carbon. This work develops new geochemical fingerprints that may be used to trace the spatial extent of hydrothermal events that do not leave an extinction pattern but may nonetheless have a far‐reaching influence on biogeochemical systems.
Obtaining High‐Resolution Magnetic Records From Speleothems Using Magnetic Microscopy
Authors: Borlina Cauê S. , Lima Eduardo A. , Feinberg Joshua M. , Jaqueto Plinio , Lascu Ioan , Trindade Ricardo I. F. , Font Eric , Sánchez‐Moreno Elisa M. , Dimuccio Luca Antonio , Yokoyama Yusuke , Parés Josep M. , Weiss Benjamin P. , Dorale Jeffrey A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSpeleothems are mineral deposits capable of recording detrital and/or chemical remanent magnetization at annual timescales. They can offer high‐resolution paleomagnetic records of short‐term variations in Earth's magnetic field, crucial for understanding the evolution of the dynamo. Owing to limitations on the magnetic moment sensitivity of commercial cryogenic rock magnetometers (∼10−11 Am2), paleomagnetic studies of speleothems have been limited to samples with volumes of several hundreds of mm3, averaging tens to hundreds of years of magnetic variation. Nonetheless, smaller samples (∼1–10 mm3) can be measured using superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) microscopy, with a sensitivity better than ∼10−15 Am2. To determine the application of SQUID microscopy for obtaining robust high‐resolution records from small‐volume speleothem samples, we analyzed three different stalagmites collected from Lapa dos Morcegos Cave (Portugal), Pau d'Alho Cave (Brazil), and Crevice Cave (United States). These stalagmites are representative of a range of magnetic properties and have been previously studied with conventional rock magnetometers. We show that by using SQUID microscopy we can achieve a five‐fold improvement in temporal resolution for samples with higher abundances of magnetic carriers (e.g., Pau d'Alho Cave and Lapa dos Morcegos Cave). In contrast, speleothems with low abundances of magnetic carriers (e.g., Crevice Cave) do not benefit from higher resolution analysis and are best analyzed using conventional rock magnetometers. Overall, by targeting speleothem samples with high concentrations of magnetic carriers we can increase the temporal resolution of magnetic records, setting the stage for resolving geomagnetic variations at short time scales.