bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A methodology to infer and refactor an object‐oriented model from C applications
Authors: Cassol Ignacio , Arévalo Gabriela 
Published: October 2017

SummaryWhen analyzing legacy code, generating a high‐level model of an application during the reverse engineering process helps the developers understand how the application is structured and how the dependencies relate the different software entities. Within the context of procedural programming languages (such as C), the existing approaches to get a model of the code require documentation and/or implicit knowledge that stakeholders acquire during the software building. These approaches use the code itself to build a syntactic model where we see the different software artifacts, such as variables, functions, and modules. However, there is no supporting methodology to detect and analyze if there are relationships/dependencies between those artifacts, such as which variable in a module is declared using an abstract data type described in another one, or which are the functions that are using parameters typed with an abstract data type; or any design decision taken by original developers, such as how the developer has implemented functions in different modules. On the other hand, current developers use object‐oriented (OO) paradigm to implement not only business applications but also useful methodologies/tools that allow semiautomatic analysis of any application. We must remark the legacy procedural code still has worth and is working in several industries, and as any evolving code, the developers have to be able to perform maintenance tasks minimizing the limitations offered by the language. Based on useful properties that the OO paradigm (and their supporting analysis tools) provide, such as UML models, we propose M2K as a methodology to generate a high‐level model from legacy procedural code, mainly written in Ansi C. To understand how C‐based applications were implemented is not a new problem in software reengineering. However, our contribution is based on building an OO model and suggesting different refactorings that help the developer to improve it and to eventually guide a new implementation of the target application. Specifically, the methodology builds cohesive software entities mapped from procedural code and makes the coupling between C entities explicit in the high‐level model. The result of our methodology is a set of refactored class candidates: a structure that groups a set of variables and a set of functions obtained from the C applications. Based on the class candidate model, we propose refactorings based on OO design principles to improve the design of the application. The most relevant design improvements were obtained with algorithm abstraction by applying the strategy pattern, attributes/methods relocalization, variables types generalization, and removing/renaming methods/attributes. Besides a methodology and the supporting tool, we provide 14 case studies based on real projects implemented in C, and we showed how the results validate our proposal.
ZX: A network file system for high‐latency networks
Authors: Ballesteros Francisco J. , Guardiola Gorka , Soriano Enrique 
Published: October 2017

SummaryUsing a central file server is good for interactive access to files, because of the coherency implied by a centralized design. In fact, within local area networks, this is a common case. However, distributed environments in use today may exhibit round‐trip times on the order of 50 or 100 ms. This is a problem for interactive file access to a central file server because of the resulting access times. Although aggressive caching and loosely synchronized replicas may be used for distributed file access, there are cases where the better coherency provided by a central server is still desirable. In this paper, we present ZX, a distributed file system and protocol designed with latency in mind. It can use caching, but it does not require caching or batching to address latency issues. ZX relies on a novel channel‐based file system interface. It includes find requests and leverages streaming requests to work well under high‐latency conditions. Unlike other protocols designed for distributed access to a central server, ZX tolerates round‐trip times on the order of 50 or 100 ms to access a central file server for interactive usage such as compiling shared sources, running binaries, editing documents, and other similar workloads. It can be used on UNIX using a FUSE adaptor while permitting native ZX speakers to run faster.
DNMT3A (R882) mutation features and prognostic effect in acute myeloid leukemia in Coexistent with NPM1 and FLT3 mutations
Authors: Kumar Dushyant , Mehta Anurag , Kumar Panigrahi Manoj , Nath Sukanta , Kumar Saikia Kandarpa 
Published: October 2017

Objective/Background:
In the absence of high-risk cytogenetic, DNMT3A (DNA Methyltrans-ferase 3a) mutation status has an impact on outcome in the presence of FLT3 (FMS-like Tyrosine Kinase3) and/or NPM1 (Nucleophosmin). In this study, we focus on the features and effect of DNMT3A (R882) mutation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in the presence or absence of NPM1 and FLT3 mutations.

Methods:
A total of 174 cytogenetically normal (CN)-AML cases were analyzed for NPM1, FLT3, and DNMT3A mutations. For NPM1 mutation detection, we used the pyrosequencing technique; for FLT3 mutations, polymerase chain reaction and RFLP with ECO-RV techniques were used, and for DNMT3A mutation analysis, we used Sanger sequencing and RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) techniques.

Results:
NPM1 mutation was found in 40.80%, DNMT3A in 12.06%, and FLT3 mutation was found in 16.66% of 174 CN-AML patients. We also found seven cases which were (NPM1+, FLT3+), 10 cases which were (NPM1 +, DNMT3A+), and two cases were found positive for (DNMT3A+, FLT3+) mutations. Adult patients had significantly higher frequency of NPM1 mutation than children (72.22% vs. 16.66%; p = .020), whereas FLT3/ITD and DNMT3A mutation was associated with higher white blood count (p = .081). Immunophenotypically, NPM1 and DNMT3A mutations were significantly associated with the lack of CD34, whereas FLT3/ITD mutation was positively associated with the expression of CD7. We also assessed the overall survival and progression-free survival of DNMT3A mutation status among patients with CN-AML. Indeed, DNMT3A mutations within the CN-AML subset were associated with significantly shorter overall survival and progression-free survival compared to NPM1 and FLT3 mutated patients (p = .067 and p = .065, respectively).

Conclusion:
DNMT3A R882 mutation plays an important role in CN-AML patients’ prognosis and clinical outcomes in the presence and absence of NPM1 and FLT3 mutations.
Maternal undernutrition during lactation alters nicotine reward and DOPAC/dopamine ratio in cerebral cortex in adolescent mice, but does not affect nicotine‐induced nAChRs upregulation
Authors: Dutra‐Tavares Ana C. , Silva Juliana O. , Nunes‐Freitas André L. , Guimarães Vinícius M.S. , Araújo Ulisses C. , Conceição Ellen P.S. , Moura Egberto G. , Lisboa Patrícia C. , Filgueiras Cláudio C. , Manhães Alex C. , Abreu‐Villaça Yael , Ribeiro‐Carvalho Anderson 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEarly undernutrition causes long lasting alterations that affect the response to psychoactive drugs. Particularly, undernutrition during lactation affects the acute locomotor response to nicotine during adolescence, but the reward effect of continued exposure to nicotine remains unknown. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of undernutrition during lactation on the nicotine susceptibility indexed via conditioned place preference (CPP), on dopamine content and turnover and on nicotine‐induced nicotinic cholinergic receptor (nAChR) upregulation in the cerebral cortex, midbrain and hippocampus of adolescent mice. The impact of undernutrition and nicotine exposure on stress‐related hormones and leptin was also investigated. From postnatal day 2 (PN2) to weaning (PN21), dams were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: Control (C) – free access to standard laboratory diet (23% protein); Protein Restricted (PR) – free access to isoenergenetic diet (8% protein); Calorie Restricted (CR) – access to standard laboratory diet in restricted quantities (mean ingestion of PR). PR and CR groups showed less mass gain and less visceral fat mass. While C and CR were equally susceptible to nicotine‐induced place preference conditioning, PR failed to show a conditioning pattern. In contrast, all groups presented a nicotine‐evoked nAChR upregulation in the cerebral cortex. While dopamine and DOPAC levels did not differ between groups, the DOPAC/dopamine ratio was increased in CR animals. No differences in endocrine parameters were observed. Taken together, our results indicate that undernutrition during lactation programs for brain alterations later in life. Our data also suggest that early undernutrition does not affect the rewarding associative properties of nicotine at adolescence.
Preparedness Training Programs for Working With Deaf and Hard of Hearing Communities and Older Adults: Lessons Learned From Key Informants and Literature Assessments
Authors: Kamau Patricia W. , Ivey Susan L. , Griese Stephanie E. , Qari Shoukat H. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to (1) identify available training programs for emergency response personnel and public health professionals on addressing the needs of Deaf and hard of hearing individuals and older adults, (2) identify strategies to improve these training programs, and (3) identify gaps in available training programs and make recommendations for addressing these gaps.MethodsA literature review was conducted to identify relevant training programs and identify lessons learned. Interviews were conducted by telephone or email with key informants who were subject matter experts who worked with Deaf and hard of hearing persons (n=11) and older adults (n=11).ResultsFrom the literature, 11 training programs targeting public health professionals and emergency response personnel serving Deaf and hard of hearing individuals (n=7) and older adults (n=4) were identified. The 4 training programs focused on older adults had corresponding evaluations published in the literature. Three (43%) of the 7 training programs focused on Deaf and hard of hearing persons included individuals from the affected communities in the development and implementation of the training. Key informant interviews identified common recommendations for improving training programs: (1) training should involve collaboration across different emergency, state, federal, and advocacy agencies; (2) training should involve members of affected communities; (3) training should be more widely accessible and affordable; and (4) training should teach response personnel varied communication techniques relevant to the Deaf and hard of hearing and older adult communities.ConclusionsDeveloping effective, accessible, and affordable training programs for emergency response personnel working with Deaf and hard of hearing persons, some of whom belong to the older adult population, will require a collaborative effort among emergency response agencies, public health organizations, and members of the affected communities. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:606–614)
KOSZUL CALCULUS
Authors: BERGER ROLAND , LAMBRE THIERRY , SOLOTAR ANDREA 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe present a calculus that is well-adapted to homogeneous quadratic algebras. We define this calculus on Koszul cohomology – resp. homology – by cup products – resp. cap products. The Koszul homology and cohomology are interpreted in terms of derived categories. If the algebra is not Koszul, then Koszul (co)homology provides different information than Hochschild (co)homology. As an application of our calculus, the Koszul duality for Koszul cohomology algebras is proved foranyquadratic algebra, and this duality is extended in some sense to Koszul homology. So, the true nature of the Koszul duality theorem is independent of any assumption on the quadratic algebra. We compute explicitly this calculus on a non-Koszul example.
COERCION AND CONCILIATION AT THE EDGE OF EMPIRE: STATE-BUILDING AND ITS LIMITS IN WAZIRISTAN, 1849–1914
Authors: CONDOS MARK , RAND GAVIN 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSince 2001, the geo-strategic priorities of the ‘War on Terror’ have prompted renewed attention to the historically significant region of Waziristan. Ironically, given the apparent failure of British attempts to pacify the region in the century after 1849, Waziristan’s colonial history has been picked over by policy-makers, commentators, and scholars for lessons which might be applied to current projects of state-building and counter-insurgency. Unabashedly instrumentalist, these works have reproduced the reductive stereotypes of the colonial sources and helped to entrench partial understandings of the frontier which obscure the dynamic and contingent nature of imperial state-building. This article offers an alternate frame for writing the history of the colonial frontier by re-examining how British officials attempted to constitute colonial authority through their engagements with one of the region’s most powerful groups: the Mahsud Wazirs. Challenging historiographical emphases on oscillating metropolitan strategies, this article maps crucial and largely overlooked continuities in British attempts to pacify the Mahsuds, providing new insights into state-building at the edge of empire and a more nuanced account of how imperial power was engaged, resisted, and deflected by those it sought to control.
Development of a Contextualized Version of the Multiple Errands Test for People with Substance Dependence
Authors: Valls-Serrano Carlos , Verdejo-García Antonio , Noël Xavier , Caracuel Alfonso 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackground:Substance dependence is associated with deficits in several areas of executive functioning, such as planning and multitasking. Traditional tests of executive functioning have been criticized for their low ecological validity. Shallice and Burgess (1991) developed the Multiple Errands Test (MET), where participants are required to perform multiple tasks in a real-world setting. In this study, we aimed to adapt the MET for use in populations with substance dependence.Objectives:This study aimed to: (1) examine the applicability of a contextualized version of the Multiple Errands Test, namely, the Multiple Errands Test – Contextualized Version (MET-CV); (2) study the testing context reliability and convergent validity of MET-CV scores; (3) compare the performance of people with substance dependence to a control group.Methods:Data were collected from 60 participants with substance dependence and 30 healthy controls. Both groups performed a neuropsychological assessment, which consisted of the MET-CV and traditional neuropsychological tests (Letter Number Sequencing, Zoo Map Test, Revised Strategy Application Test, Information Sampling Test, Stockings of Cambridge).Results:The MET-CV has adequate testing context reliability and moderate convergent validity relative to traditional planning measures. People with substance dependence (PWSD) showed significant deficits in executive function tests compared to healthy controls, most notably on the MET-CV rather than on traditional neuropsychological tests.Conclusions:The MET-CV can be feasibly applied in the context of therapeutic communities treatment in PWSD. The MET-CV showed adequate reliability and validity, and detected planning deficits in PWSD. (JINS, 2018,24, 347–359)
Evolutionary history biases inferences of ecology and environment from δ13C but not δ18O values
Authors: Edgar Kirsty M. , Hull Pincelli M. , Ezard Thomas H. G. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractClosely related taxa are, on average, more similar in terms of their physiology, morphology and ecology than distantly related ones. How this biological similarity affects geochemical signals, and their interpretations, has yet to be tested in an explicitly evolutionary framework. Here we compile and analyze planktonic foraminiferal size-specific stable carbon and oxygen isotope values (δ13C and δ18O, respectively) spanning the last 107 million years. After controlling for dominant drivers of size-δ13C and size-δ18O trends, such as geological preservation, presence of algal photosymbionts, and global environmental changes, we identify that shared evolutionary history has shaped the evolution of species-specific vital effects in δ13C, but not in δ18O. Our results lay the groundwork for using a phylogenetic approach to correct species δ13C vital effects through time, thereby reducing systematic biases in interpretations of long-term δ13C records—a key measure of holistic organismal biology and of the global carbon cycle.
Narrow-bandwidth sensing of high-frequency fields with continuous dynamical decoupling
Authors: Stark Alexander , Aharon Nati , Unden Thomas , Louzon Daniel , Huck Alexander , Retzker Alex , Andersen Ulrik L. , Jelezko Fedor 
Published: October 2017

AbstractState-of-the-art methods for sensing weak AC fields are only efficient in the low frequency domain (<10 MHz). The inefficiency of sensing high-frequency signals is due to the lack of ability to use dynamical decoupling. In this paper we show that dynamical decoupling can be incorporated into high-frequency sensing schemes and by this we demonstrate that the high sensitivity achieved for low frequency can be extended to the whole spectrum. While our scheme is general and suitable to a variety of atomic and solid-state systems, we experimentally demonstrate it with the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond. For a diamond with natural abundance of 13C, we achieve coherence times up to 1.43 ms resulting in a smallest detectable magnetic field strength of 4 nT at 1.6 GHz. Attributed to the inherent nature of our scheme, we observe an additional increase in coherence time due to the signal itself.
Altered surface mGluR5 dynamics provoke synaptic NMDAR dysfunction and cognitive defects in Fmr1 knockout mice
Authors: Aloisi Elisabetta , Le Corf Katy , Dupuis Julien , Zhang Pei , Ginger Melanie , Labrousse Virginie , Spatuzza Michela , Georg Haberl Matthias , Costa Lara , Shigemoto Ryuichi , Tappe-Theodor Anke , Drago Filippo , Vincenzo Piazza Pier , Mulle Christophe , Groc Laurent , Ciranna Lucia , Catania Maria Vincenza , Frick Andreas 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMetabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) is crucially implicated in the pathophysiology of Fragile X Syndrome (FXS); however, its dysfunction at the sub-cellular level, and related synaptic and cognitive phenotypes are unexplored. Here, we probed the consequences of mGluR5/Homer scaffold disruption for mGluR5 cell-surface mobility, synaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) function, and behavioral phenotypes in the second-generationFmr1knockout (KO) mouse. Using single-molecule tracking, we found that mGluR5 was significantly more mobile at synapses in hippocampalFmr1KO neurons, causing an increased synaptic surface co-clustering of mGluR5 and NMDAR. This correlated with a reduced amplitude of synaptic NMDAR currents, a lack of their mGluR5-activated long-term depression, and NMDAR/hippocampus dependent cognitive deficits. These synaptic and behavioral phenomena were reversed by knocking down Homer1a inFmr1KO mice. Our study provides a mechanistic link between changes of mGluR5 dynamics and pathological phenotypes of FXS, unveiling novel targets for mGluR5-based therapeutics.
Screening and identification of critical transcription factors involved in the protection of cardiomyocytes against hydrogen peroxide-induced damage by Yixin-shu
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Geng Ya , Guo Feifei , Zhang Fangbo , Liu Mingwei , Song Lei , Ma Yuexiang , Li Defeng , Zhang Yi , Xu Haiyu , Yang Hongjun 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOxidative stress initiates harmful cellular responses, such as DNA damage and protein denaturation, triggering a series of cardiovascular disorders. Systematic investigations of the transcription factors (TFs) involved in oxidative stress can help reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms and facilitate the discovery of effective therapeutic targets in related diseases. In this study, an integrated strategy which integrated RNA-seq-based transcriptomics techniques and a newly developed concatenated tandem array of consensus TF response elements (catTFREs)-based proteomics approach and then combined with a network pharmacology analysis, was developed and this integrated strategy was used to investigate critical TFs in the protection of Yixin-shu (YXS), a standardized medical product used for ischaemic heart disease, against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced damage in cardiomyocytes. Importantly, YXS initiated biological process such as anti-apoptosis and DNA repair to protect cardiomyocytes from H2O2-induced damage. By using the integrated strategy, DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase (Apex1), pre B-cell leukemia transcription factor 3 (Pbx3), and five other TFs with their functions involved in anti-oxidation, anti-apoptosis and DNA repair were identified. This study offers a new understanding of the mechanism underlying YXS-mediated protection against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes and reveals novel targets for oxidative stress-related diseases.
Immunotherapy with subcutaneous immunogenic autologous tumor lysate increases murine glioblastoma survival
Authors: Belmans Jochen , Van Woensel Matthias , Creyns Brecht , Dejaegher Joost , Bullens Dominique M. , Van Gool Stefaan W. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractImmunotherapeutic strategies for glioblastoma, the most frequent malignant primary brain tumor, aim to improve its disastrous consequences. On top of the standard treatment, one strategy uses T cell activation by autologous dendritic cells (DC) ex vivo loaded with tumor lysate to attack remaining cancer cells. Wondering whether ‘targeting’ in vivo DCs could replace these ex vivo ones, immunogenic autologous tumor lysate was used to treat glioma-inoculated mice in the absence of ex vivo loaded DCs. Potential immune mechanisms were studied in two orthotopic, immunocompetent murine glioma models. Pre-tumoral subcutaneous lysate treatment resulted in a survival benefit comparable to subcutaneous DC therapy. Focussing on the immune response, glioma T cell infiltration was observed in parallel with decreased amounts of regulatory T cells. Moreover, these results were accompanied by the presence of strong tumor-specific immunological memory, shown by complete survival of a second glioblastoma tumor, inoculated 100 days after the first one. Finally, in combination with temozolomide, survival of established glioma in mice could be increased. Our results show the potential of immunogenic autologous tumor lysate used to treat murine glioblastoma, which will be worthwhile to study in clinical trials as it has potential as a cost-efficient adjuvant treatment strategy for gliomas.