bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Pretreatment Renal Function on Treatment and Clinical Outcomes in the Adjuvant Treatment of Older Women With Breast Cancer: Alliance A171201, an Ancillary Study of CALGB/CTSU 49907
Authors: Lichtman Stuart M. , Cirrincione Constance T. , Hurria Arti , Jatoi Aminah , Theodoulou Maria , Wolff Antonio C. , Gralow Julie , Morganstern Daniel E. , Magrinat Gustav , Cohen Harvey Jay , Muss Hyman B. 
Published: January 2016

Purpose CALGB 49907 showed the superiority of standard therapy, which included either cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin (AC) or cyclophosphamide/methotrexate/fluorouracil over single-agent capecitabine in the treatment of patients age ≥ 65 with early-stage breast cancer. The treatment allowed dosing adjustments of methotrexate and capecitabine for pretreatment renal function. The purpose of the current analysis was to assess the relationship between pretreatment renal function and five end points: toxicity, dose modification, therapy completion, relapse-free survival, and overall survival. Methods Pretreatment renal function was defined as creatinine clearance (CrCl) using the Cockcroft-Gault equation. Multivariable logistic and proportional hazards regression were used to model separately for each regimen the relationship between CrCl and the first three binary end points and the last two time-to-event end points, respectively, after adjusting for variables of prognostic importance. Results Six hundred nineteen assessable patients were analyzed. The incidence of stage III (moderate) or stage IV (severe) renal dysfunction was 72%, 64%, and 75% for treatment with cyclophosphamide/methotrexate/fluorouracil, AC, and capecitabine, respectively. There was no relationship for any regimen between pretreatment renal function and the five end points. For AC, as CrCl increased, the odds of nonhematologic toxicity decreased (P = .008), whereas for capecitabine, as CrCl increased, the odds of experiencing toxicity of any type also increased (P = .035). Patients with renal insufficiency who received dose modifications were not at increased risk for complications compared with those who did not have renal insufficiency and received a full dose. Conclusion Excluding from clinical trials patients with renal insufficiency but good performance status on the basis of concern of excessive hematologic toxicity or poor outcomes may not be justified with appropriate dosing modifications. Results should be considered in the design of clinical trials for older patients.
Does Increased Spending on Pharmaceutical Marketing Inhibit Pioneering Innovation?
Authors: Arnold Denis G. , Troyer Jennifer L. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The pharmaceutical industry has been criticized for developing and aggressively marketing drugs that do not provide significant health benefits relative to existing drugs but retain the benefits of patent protection. Critics argue that drug marketing increases health care expenditures and provides a disincentive for pioneering drug innovation. However, evidence that marketing expenditures have any relationship to new drug approvals has been anecdotal. We hypothesized that, at publicly traded pharmaceutical firms, increased marketing expenditures will result in a reduced volume of pioneering new drugs in comparison to less innovative new drugs. We also hypothesized that additional research and development spending will result in an increased volume of pioneering new drugs in comparison to less innovative drugs. Results confirm our hypotheses. Specific policy recommendations for altering firms' incentives for the development of pioneering drugs are provided.
Iowa Wavering on Medicaid: From Expansion to Modernization
Authors: Wright Brad , Potter Andrew J. , Nattinger Matthew C. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Iowa is one of six states to expand Medicaid through section 1115 waivers. Iowa's alternative approach to Medicaid expansion, known as the Iowa Health and Wellness Plan, was the result of a bipartisan compromise, motivated by the pending expiration of a preexisting section 1115 waiver that served sixty-five thousand Iowans. The Iowa Health and Wellness Plan emphasizes personal responsibility and private involvement. Key features include beneficiary premiums, incentives for healthy behaviors, and premium assistance for some beneficiaries to purchase insurance in the health insurance marketplace. However, Iowa has struggled to implement its expansion as initially envisioned, due largely to the lack of private insurers willing and able to insure new Medicaid enrollees in the marketplace. In 2016 Iowa will dramatically increase the role of managed care in Medicaid, with the vast majority of beneficiaries receiving almost all Medicaid services through a capitated managed care organization. This article highlights the local factors driving expansion, the interplay of the state and federal political landscape, the challenges of providing consumer choice within Iowa's marketplace, and the future of Iowa's Medicaid program under managed care.
Toxicity Parameters of Exhaust Gases of Diesel Engine Running on Mixed Composition Biofuels
Authors: Девянин  , Devyanin S. , Марков  , Markov V. , Неверова  , Neverova V. 
Published: January 2016

The article displays advantages of using multicomponent mixed biofuels for diesel engines, i.e. mixtures of oil diesel fuel
and rapeseed oil, rapeseed oil methyl ester, gasoline. The results of experimental research on a D-245.12C type automotive
diesel engine running on these fuels are presented. A method of determining the optimal composition of multicomponent
biofuels is proposed. Using this method optimization calculations of the fuel compositions are made. It is demonstrated that
among tested biofuels the mixture of 80% oil diesel fuel, 10% of rapeseed oil and 10% of gasoline possesses the superior
ecological parameters.
Introduction of New Technical Solutions for Improving Environmental Protection for Biotech Companies
Authors: Сеник  , Senik E. , Виноградов  , Vinogradov M. , Таранов  , Taranov R. , Козодаев  , Kozodaev A. , Ксенофонтов  , Ksyenofontov Boris , Воропаева  , Voropaeva A. 
Published: January 2016

The paper discusses the environmental issues of biotech industries. It presents a schematic diagram of yeast biomass
feed on paraffin oil and producing fodder yeast hydrolysis. Possible ways of optimizing the thickening stage activated
sludge, including through the use of various separators are described. Results of industrial tests of various separators
are presented. In the process of carrying out pilot tests we found that for biotech companies the most appropriate way of
thickening activated sludge is its pre-flotation and further centrifugation. We define the ways of recycling activated sludge,
in particular in its processing operation, followed by acid hydrolysis using an additional substrate when growing feed yeast.
The dependence of yeast biomass yield on the amount applied to the fermentation of the hydrolysate activated sludge is
offered. The importance of quality used activated sludge, in particular on the content of mineral elements is emphasized.
Other ways of handling and recycling or disposal of excess sludge are also considered.
Price Discrimination with Varying Qualities of Information
Authors: Liu Qihong , Shuai Jie 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Advances in information technology have greatly enhanced firms’ ability to collect, market and utilize consumer information. As the market for consumer information expands rapidly, businesses are armed with unprecedented means to target any group of consumers they desire. This has important and far-reaching impacts on consumer welfare. In this paper we analyze the welfare impacts of price discrimination facilitated by increasing qualities of consumer information. We employ a two-dimensional spatial differentiation model where consumer information is available on one dimension, and better information leads to more refined price discrimination. We find that as information quality improves, equilibrium prices and profits monotonically increase while consumer surplus and social surplus monotonically decrease. Price discrimination has a reduced demand elasticity effect which becomes stronger when consumer information becomes more precise. Our results suggest that regulators need to pay more attention to the potential damage to consumer welfare by the increasing collection and utilization of consumer information. We also endogenize firms’ information acquisition decisions.
Optimal Penalties for Repeat Offenders – The Role of Offence History
Authors: Endres Alfred , Rundshagen Bianca 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWithin an infinite and a corresponding finite game framework we analyse intertemporal punishment for repeat offenders. The legal authority is assumed to maximize social welfare by minimizing the sum of harm from crimes and cost of punishment. We show that the time horizon considerably affects the structure of the optimal penalty scheme. In the finite game framework decreasing as well as escalating penalty schemes may be optimal. For the more appropriate infinite game framework we show three main results: First, any penalty scheme can be replaced by a (weakly) escalating penalty scheme that leads to the same criminal activity and the same social penalization cost. Second, the optimal penalty scheme is of the escalating type. Third, the socially optimal level of crime under escalating penalties may be higher than the level which would be optimal under uniform penalties.
Characterization of Y2O3 and CeO2 doped SiO2-SrO-Na2O glasses
Authors: Placek Lana M. , Keenan Timothy J. , Laffir Fathima , Coughlan Aisling , Wren Anthony W. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe structural effects of yttrium (Y) and cerium (Ce) are investigated when substituted for sodium (Na) in a 0.52SiO2–0.24SrO–(0.24−x)Na2O–xMO (where x = 0.08; MO = Y2O3 and CeO2) glass series. Network connectivity (NC) was calculated assuming both Y and Ce can act as a network modifier (NC = 2.2) or as a network former (NC up to 2.9). Thermal analysis showed an increase in glass transition temperature (Tg) with increasing Y and Ce content, Y causing the greater increase from the control (Con) at 493∘C to 8 mol% Y (HY) at 660∘C. Vickers hardness (HV) was not significantly different between glasses. 29Si Magic Angle Spinning-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (MAS-NMR) did not show peak shift with addition of Y, however Ce produced peak broadening and a negative shift in ppm. The addition of 4 mol% Ce in the YCe and LCe glasses shifted the peak from Con at −81.3 ppm to −82.8 ppm and −82.7 ppm respectively; while the HCe glass produced a much broader peak and a shift to −84.8 ppm. High resolution X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy for the O 1s spectral line showed the ratio of bridging (BO) to non-bridging oxygens (NBO), BO:NBO,was altered,where Con had a ratio of 0.7, HY decreased to 0.4 and HCe to 0.5.
Fit between Conservation Instruments and Local Social Systems: Cases of Co-management and Payments for Ecosystem Services
Authors: Sarkki Simo , Rantala Lauri , Karjalainen Timo P. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe draw on the concept of ‘fit’ to understand how co-management and Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) as governance instruments could better acknowledge local social complexities. Achieving ‘participatory fit’ requires well-designed and fair processes, which enhance local acceptance towards the implemented rules. Thus, such fit can contribute to establishing new institutions in conservation governance. However, previous literature on participation has had strong focus on properties of decision-making processes, which often neglects the question on how local realities effect on local people’s ability and willingness to participate in the work of governance instruments. We approach ‘participatory fit’ by identifying six properties of heterogeneous local social systems that governance instruments need to acknowledge to nurture balanced bottom-up participation: 1) economic resources and structures, 2) relationships to land, 3) level of education, 4) relationships between diverse actors, 5) divergent problem definitions, and 6) local identities. We discuss related sources of misfits and develop proposals on how conservation instruments could function as bridging organizations facilitating polycentric institutional structures that fit better to the social systems they are intended to govern. Such hybridization of governance could avoid pitfalls of considering one particular instrument (e.g. co-management or PES) as a panacea able to create win-win solutions.
Approaches to Resource Management for the Nexus
Authors: Kumar Navneet , Gerber Nicolas 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis report attempts to draw out the main messages covered during a session on “Approaches to Resource Management for the Nexus” (International conference on Sustainability in the Water-Energy-Food Nexus. Synergies and Tradeoffs: Governance and Tools at various Scales held in Bonn, Germany, on 19th and 20th of May 2014). In this session, the audience was reminded of the importance to think about geography and topography to understand trade-offs in the WEF Nexus, and in particular to consider transboundary linkages across nations and ecosystems. Building on a large body of case studies, another presenter put forth the necessity to implement resource management across traditional (FAO) sectors (water, land use …) and along common guidelines. A framework was introduced to that effect. The remaining two speakers introduced new technical tools in resource allocation. Their common denominator is that they integrate models and model approaches of different disciplines.
Governance and Management of the Nexus: Structures and Institutional Capacities
Authors: Snorek Julie 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSustaining the water-energy-food nexus for the future requires new governance approaches and joint management across sectors. The challenges to the implementation of the nexus are many, but not insurmountable. These include trade-offs between sectors, difficulties of communication across the science-policy interface, the emergence of new vulnerabilities resulting from implementation of policies, and the perception of high social and economic costs. In the context of the Sustainability in the W-E-F Nexus conference May 19-20, 2014, the session on ‘Governance and Management of the Nexus: Structures and Institutional Capacities’ discussed these problems as well as tools and solutions to nexus management. The session demonstrated three key findings: 1. Trade-offs in the Water-Energy-Food Nexus should be expanded to include the varied and shifting social and power relations; 2. Sharing knowledge between users and policy makers promotes collective learning and science-policy-stakeholder communication; and 3. Removing subsidies or seeking the ‘right price’ for domestic resources vis à vis international markets is not always useful; rather the first imperative is to gauge current and future costs at the national scale.
Developing Capacities for Implementing the Water-Energy-Food Nexus
Authors: Czunyi Sarah , Thiam Djiby Racine 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe novelty of the W-E-F nexus approach, given that it requires new coordination mechanisms within and between institutions and disciplines, requires new forms and types of capacities in order to be effective. This paper identifies some of the existing capacity gaps and measures to address those gaps, in order to ensure a successful implementation of the W-E-F nexus approach. Capacity development for the nexus requires a variety of mechanisms from the individual to institutional levels. To successfully put the W-E-F nexus into practice we should build on the strengths of existing mechanisms, while also improving coordination and integration of seemingly divergent approaches in the water, energy, and food sectors. Capacity development within and between sectors will be key to a successful implementation of the W-E-F nexus approach.
Duality of Hodge numbers of compact
complex nilmanifolds
Authors: Yamada Takumi 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
A compact K¨ahlerian manifoldM of dimension n satisfies hp,q(M) = hq,p(M) for each p, q.However,
a compact complex manifold does not satisfy the equations in general. In this paper, we consider duality of
Hodge numbers of compact complex nilmanifolds.
Functional coatings formed on the titanium and magnesium alloys as implant materials by plasma electrolytic oxidation technology: fundamental principles and synthesis conditions
Authors: Gnedenkov Sergey Vasilievich , Sharkeev Yurii Petrovich , Sinebryukhov Sergey Leonidovich , Khrisanfova Olga Alekseevna , Legostaeva Elena Viktorovna , Zavidnaya Alexandra Grigorievna , Puz’ Artem Viktorovich , Khlusov Igor Albertovivh , Opra Denis Pavlovich 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMetallic implants have been successfully used in medicine for the past 60–70 years. Historically, implants were designed only as mechanical devices, whereas the biological aspects of their application were beyond the researchers’ interest. The improvement of living conditions and the increase of the average life span have changed the situation. The clinical requirements for medical implants rise up substantially. Presently, it seems impossible to imagine the use of metallic implants in the human body without preliminary surface modification to modulate the interaction between the surrounding biological environment and the implant. The review highlights the most recent advances in the field of functional coatings formed on implants by the plasma electrolytic oxidation technology. Special attention is dedicated to the principles of surface modification of the commercially pure titanium, titanium nickelide, and Mg-Mn-Ce magnesium alloy. The advantages and disadvantages of the method and the characteristics of these materials are discussed from this point of view. Some aspects of this review are aimed at corrosion protection of implants with application of polymer materials.
Modeling and Simulation Environments for Sustainable Low-Carbon Energy Production – A Review
Authors: Tumilar Aldric , Sharma Manish , Milani Dia , Abbas Ali 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
This paper reviews research trends in modeling for low-carbon energy production. The focus is on two currently significant low-carbon energy processes; namely, bioenergy and post-combustion carbon capture (PCC) processes. The fundamentals of these two processes are discussed and the role of modeling and simulation tools (MSTs) is highlighted. The most popular modeling software packages are identified and their use in the literature is analyzed. Among commercially available packages, it is found that no single software package can handle all process development needs such as, configuration studies, techno-economic analysis, exergy optimization, and process integration. This review also suggests that optimal modeling results reported in literature can be viewed as optimal at the individual plant level, but sub-optimal for plant superstructure level. This review has identified key gaps pertinent to developing hybrid models that describe integrated energy production processes. ASPEN Plus is found to be dominant for modeling both bioenergy and PCC processes for both steady-state and dynamic modes respectively.
Hausdorff theory of dual approximation on planar curves
Authors: Huang Jing-Jing 
Published: January 2016

AbstractTen years ago, Beresnevich–Dickinson–Velani [Mem. Amer. Math. Soc. 179 (2006), no. 846] initiated a project that develops the general Hausdorff measure theory of dual approximation on non-degenerate manifolds. In particular, they established the divergence part of the theory based on their general ubiquity framework. However, the convergence counterpart of the project remains wide open and represents a major challenging question in the subject. Until recently, it was not even known for any single non-degenerate manifold. In this paper, we settle this problem for all curves inℝ2{\mathbb{R}^{2}}, which represents the first complete theory of its kind for a general class of manifolds.
Increased secretory sphingomyelinase activity in the first trimester of pregnancy in women later developing preeclampsia: a nested case-control study
Authors: Rodríguez-Sureda Víctor , Crovetto Francesca , Triunfo Stefania , Sánchez Olga , Crispi Fátima , Llurba Elisa , Gratacós Eduard , Figueras Francesc , Domínguez Carmen 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe pathogenic basis of abnormal placentation and dysfunction in preeclampsia (PE) is highly complex and incompletely understood. Secretory sphyngomyelinase activity (S-ASM) was analyzed in plasma samples from 158 pregnant women developing PE and 112 healthy pregnant controls. Serum PlGF, sFlt-1, s-Endoglin and sVCAM were measured. Results showed S-ASM activity to be higher in women who later developed PE than in those with uncomplicated pregnancies (40.6% and 28.8% higher in the late- and early-onset groups, respectively). Plasma S-ASM activity correlated significantly with circulating markers of endothelial damage in the late-PE group (endoglin and sVCAM-1), with plasma cholesterol and total lipid levels. However, these significant associations were not observed in the early-PE or control groups. This work provides the first evidence of significantly elevated circulating S-ASM activity in the first trimester of pregnancy in women who go on to develop PE; thus, it may be deduced that the circulating form of ASM is biologically active in PE and could contribute to promoting endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular programming. Plasma S-ASM measurement may have clinical relevance as a further potential biomarker contributing to the earliest identification of women at risk of developing preeclampsia.
Staggered Grid Finite Volume Approach for Modeling Single Particle Char Gasification
Authors: Yadav Vinod Kumar , Kumar Vineet 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The present work is aimed at unsteady-state mathematical modeling and simulation of the steam gasification of a single char particle. The unsteady state diffusion-reaction competitive gasification of a porous non-catalytic solid (char) was solved numerically using the staggered grid finite volume method (SGFVM). It was assumed that the char particle is spherical in shape and there is no change in its size during the gasification, and temperature variation within the particle is negligible. The model is capable of predicting detailed point-to-point reaction, diffusion, and concentration profile in a spatiotemporal domain inside the particle. The study revealed that the gasification of the char particle at higher temperature (>1,100 K) bear a resemblance to the shrinking core model and at a lower temperature (<1,100 K) it follows the progressive conversion model. The study also includes the effects of the temperature, time, and carbon concentration on the rate and conversion inside the char particle.
Experimental Hydrogen Plant with Metal Hydrides to Store and Generate Electrical Power
Authors: Gonzatti Frank , Nizolli Vinícius , Ferrigolo Fredi Zancan , Farret Felix Alberto , de Mello Marcos Augusto Silva 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Generation of electrical energy with renewable sources is interruptible due to the primary energy characteristics (sun, wind, hydro, etc.). In these cases, it is necessary to use energy storage so increasing penetrability of these sources connected to the distribution system. This paper discusses in details some equipment and accessories of an integrated power plant using fuel cell stack, electrolyzer and metal hydrides. During the plant operation were collected the power consumption data and established the efficiency of each plant component. These data demonstrated an overall efficiency of about 11% due to the low efficiencies of the commercial electrolyzers and power inverters used in the experiments.