bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of maternal haematocrit on offspring IQ at 4 and 7 years of age: a secondary analysis
Authors: Drassinower D , Lavery JA , Friedman AM , Levin HI , Običan SG , Ananth CV 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveTo determine whether maternal haematocrit during pregnancy is associated with offspring IQ.Design/setting/populationA secondary analysis of the Collaborative Perinatal Project, which enrolled women between 1959 and 1966 at 12 university hospitals in the United States.MethodsWe evaluated the relation between maternal haematocrit and IQ at 4 and 7 years of age. Linear and log‐linear regression models were used to adjust for possible confounders. Marginal structural models with stabilised weights were used to account for selection bias due to children lost to follow up.Main outcome measuresOffspring IQ at 4 and 7 years of age.ResultsOf 35 959 patients, 1521 (4.2%) had moderate anaemia, 13 769 (38.3%) had mild anaemia, 18 227 (50.7%) had a normal haematocrit, and 2442 (6.8%) had a high haematocrit. The mean IQ at 4 and 7 years was significantly lower in the moderate and mild anaemia groups than in the normal haematocrit group (92.3 and 94.7 versus 100.6, respectively, P < 0.01, at 4 years; and 90.2 and 93.4 versus 99.1 at 7 years, P < 0.01). The high haematocrit group had a significantly higher mean IQ (104.5 at 4 years; 103.2 at 7 years) when compared with the normal haematocrit group (P < 0.01). Women with moderate anaemia were more likely to have children with IQ of 70–84 at 4 years (RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.08–1.38) and <70 at 7 years (RR 1.59, 95% CI 1.14–2.23). Women with a high haematocrit were more likely to have children with an IQ ≥120 at 7 years (RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.08–1.39).ConclusionsMaternal haematocrit is associated with offspring IQ at 4 and 7 years of age.Tweetable abstractThere is a nonlinear relation between maternal haematocrit and offspring IQ at 4 and 7 years of age.
Techniques and applications of three‐dimensional electron microscopy in entomological research
Authors: Jung Min Kyo , Kang Min Soo , Mun Ji Young 
Published: August 2016

AbstractStructural studies using two‐dimensional (2D) images show limitations in understanding the structure and functions of cellular organelle and protein. To overcome the difficulty, over the last few years 3D reconstruction techniques using electron microscopy have been developed at extremely high speed. In this paper, currently available 3D reconstruction techniques of electron microscopy (such as electron tomography, serial section analysis and single particle analysis) are introduced using our data as examples of the application. The 3D structure of mitochondria with the defect of mitochondrial protein in round worm, Caenorhabditis elegans, through electron tomography, the cell–cell interaction in lamina of Drosophila melanogaster by serial‐section using ultramicrotome and high‐voltage electron microscopy and a thin filament related to muscle contraction in Drosophila melanogaster were used for examples of the application. These results through 3D reconstruction reveal the structural changes in a cellular organelle and protein that had not been shown by 2D structure.
Sarcoplasmic Protein Profile from Drip Loss in Relation to Pork Quality
Authors: Przybylski Wiesław , Kaczor Damian , Żelechowska Elżbieta , Jaworska Danuta , Kajak‐Siemaszko Katarzyna , Boruszewska Kinga , Jankiewicz Urszula 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe aim of this research was to correlate the sarcoplasmic protein profile of the natural drip loss of muscle with the technological and sensory quality of pork meat. Material for analysis was taken from 14 PenArLan pigs. Simple analysis of relationships between the test protein and meat quality traits showed that they adopt a range of from –0.58 to 0.72. It has been shown that the significance of glycolysis expressed as level of glycogen and lactic acid may be 86% (coefficient of correlations, CR = 0.93), explained by the amount of certain enzymes. The higher relation has been obtained between studied enzymes and value of pH24, L* and b* parameters of raw meat (98%; CR = 0.99). By contrast, L* and a* parameters, sour flavor, and tenderness of grilled meat in 79% can be explained based on the content of the enolase, glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase, and phosphoglycerate mutase (CR = 0.89). The results of the multiple regression showed that amount of lactic acid was related to the quantity of the 3 enzymes: phosphofructokinase, AMP deaminase, phosphorylase b/phosphorylase b kinase (r = 0.88).
Adherence, persistence, and treatment discontinuation with sitagliptin compared with sulfonylureas as add‐ons to metformin: A retrospective cohort database study
Authors: Bloomgarden Zachary T. , Tunceli Kaan , Liu Jinan , Brodovicz Kimberly G. , Mavros Panagiotis , Engel Samuel S. , Radican Larry , Chen Yong , Rajpathak Swapnil , Qiu Ying , Brudi Philippe , Fonseca Vivian 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundData are limited regarding adherence to dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors.MethodsThe present retrospective cohort study of a claims database involved adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, continuous enrollment for 12 months before the first prescription of add‐on sitagliptin (SITA) or a sulfonylurea (SU) to metformin (MET) monotherapy (index date), and ≥45 days of MET coverage ≤90 days before the index date. The SITA and SU users were matched on duration of follow‐up and propensity score (PS). Logistic regression analysis incorporated age, gender, comorbidities, and concomitant medications as independent variables.ResultsApproximately 99 % of SITA patients were PS matched, resulting in 14 807 well‐balanced PS‐matched SITA/SU pairs. Mean proportion of days covered (PDC) was significantly higher for SITA (vs SU) + MET after 1 year (P < 0.001). Adherence (PDC ≥80 %) to SITA (vs SU) + MET was 59.1 % (vs 55.9 %; P < 0.001) at 1 year and 52.6 % (vs 49.9 %; P = 0.007) at 2 years. Using logistic regression models including out‐of‐pocket expense (OPE) as a covariate, we found improved mean PDC and adherence for SITA (vs SU) + MET. Numbers of patients who continued to use SITA (vs SU) + MET were significantly higher after Years 1, 2, and 3 (all P < 0.05).ConclusionsUsers of SITA + MET had significantly higher mean PDC, adherence, and persistence than those on SU + MET. These trends were robust to model alterations and were more marked when accommodating OPEs.
Fragmentation in eucalypt woodlands promotes nest‐tree occupancy by a despotic species, the noisy miner (Manorina melanocephala)
Authors: Barati Ahmad , Etezadifar Farzaneh , McDonald Paul G. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe effects of habitat fragmentation as a threat to biodiversity are well known; decreased connectivity can potentially influence population processes and dynamics, resulting in smaller, isolated populations that may not function optimally. However, fragmentation may also increase the amount of edge or ecotone habitat available to open country species, benefiting their populations and enabling them to dominate remnant habitats. Noisy miners (Manorina melanocephala) are one such species, occupying eastern‐Australian eucalypt woodlands. They are considered a ‘despotic’ species, in that their presence negatively impacts woodland avifauna biodiversity due to their aggressive exclusion of other taxa from occupied areas. Despite this well‐known impact, little information exists on the patterns of nest‐tree occupancy by noisy miners within eucalypt woodlands. In the current study, we explored the patterns of nest‐tree occupancy by noisy miners across two successive years, aiming to identify preferences for breeding areas relative to vegetation structure. Our results show that both habitat fragmentation and the characteristics of individual eucalypt trees in an area influenced nest‐tree occupancy. Noisy miners constructed nests in trees near the edge of woodland patches more often than expected. Moreover, the nest tree chosen was a eucalypt that was significantly smaller than randomly selected trees from the surrounding area. The results highlight the importance of habitat management measures that may reduce the suitability of woodland patches as nesting sites for this species, in order to mitigate the severe effects of this despotic edge specialist.
Genetic Epidemiology of Mitochondrial Pathogenic Variants Causing Nonsyndromic Hearing Loss in a Large Cohort of South Indian Hearing Impaired Individuals
Authors: Subathra Mahalingam , Ramesh Arabandi , Selvakumari Mathiyalagan , Karthikeyen N. P. , Srisailapathy C. R. Srikumari 
Published: August 2016

SummaryMitochondria play a critical role in the generation of metabolic energy in the form of ATP. Tissues and organs that are highly dependent on aerobic metabolism are involved in mitochondrial disorders including nonsyndromic hearing loss (NSHL). Seven pathogenic variants leading to NSHL have so far been reported on two mitochondrial genes: MT‐RNR1 encoding 12SrRNA and MT‐TS1 encoding tRNA for Ser(UCN). We screened 729 prelingual NSHL subjects to determine the prevalence of MT‐RNR1 variants at position m.961, m.1555A>G and m.1494C>T, and MT‐TS1 m.7445A>G, m.7472insC m.7510T>C and m.7511T>C variants. Mitochondrial pathogenic variants were found in eight probands (1.1%). Five of them were found to have the m.1555A>G variant, two others had m.7472insC and one proband had m.7444G>A. The extended relatives of these probands showed variable degrees of hearing loss and age at onset. This study shows that mitochondrial pathogenic alleles contribute to about 1% prelingual hearing loss. This study will henceforth provide the reference for the prevalence of mitochondrial pathogenic alleles in the South Indian population, which to date has not been estimated. The m.1555A>G variant is a primary predisposing genetic factor for the development of hearing loss. Our study strongly suggests that mitochondrial genotyping should be considered for all hearing impaired individuals and particularly in families where transmission is compatible with maternal inheritance, after ruling out the most common variants.
Evidence for Association between SH2B1 Gene Variants and Glycated Hemoglobin in Nondiabetic European American Young Adults: The Add Health Study
Authors: Lange Leslie A. , Graff Mariaelisa , Lange Ethan M. , Young Kristin L. , Richardson Andrea S. , Mohlke Karen L. , North Kari E , Harris Kathleen M , Gordon‐Larsen Penny 
Published: August 2016

SummaryGlycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is used to classify glycaemia and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Body mass index (BMI) is a predictor of HbA1c levels and T2D. We tested 43 established BMI and obesity loci for association with HbA1c in a nationally representative multiethnic sample of young adults from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health [Add Health: age 24–34 years; n = 5641 European Americans (EA); 1740 African Americans (AA); 1444 Hispanic Americans (HA)] without T2D, using two levels of covariate adjustment (Model 1: age, sex, smoking, and geographic region; Model 2: Model 1 covariates plus BMI). Bonferroni adjustment was made for 43 SNPs and we considered P < 0.0011 statistically significant. Means (SD) for HbA1c were 5.4% (0.3) in EA, 5.7% (0.4) in AA, and 5.5% (0.3) in HA. We observed significant evidence for association with HbA1c for two variants near SH2B1 in EA (rs4788102, P = 2.2 × 10−4; rs7359397, P = 9.8 × 10−4) for Model 1. Both results were attenuated after adjustment for BMI (rs4788102, P = 1.7 × 10−3; rs7359397, P = 4.6 × 10−3). No variant reached Bonferroni‐corrected significance in AA or HA. These results suggest that SH2B1 polymorphisms are associated with HbA1c, largely independent of BMI, in EA young adults.
Care‐full Justice in the City
Authors: Williams Miriam J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFeminist theorists in geography and beyond have long been calling for an ethic of care to be considered alongside justice as a normative ideal that can assist us in repairing our world. In urban theory this call has largely remained unheard as an ethic of care remains absent from theorisations of what comprises a just city. In this paper I argue for care to be considered alongside justice as an equally important ethic in our search for justice in the city. I develop the concept of care‐full justice, which assists us in negotiating the inherent tension between the normative and situated in the search for the ideals, and actually existing expressions, of justice and care in the city. I demonstrate the generative potential of this concept and argue that it enables us to re‐think what cities can be and to reveal times and places where this is the case.
Newly Shaped Intra‐Aortic Balloons Improve the Performance of Counterpulsation at the Semirecumbent Position: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Kolyva Christina , Pepper John R. , Khir Ashraf W. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe major hemodynamic benefits of intra‐aortic balloon pump (IABP) counterpulsation are augmentation in diastolic aortic pressure (Paug) during inflation, and decrease in end‐diastolic aortic pressure (ΔedP) during deflation. When the patient is nursed in the semirecumbent position these benefits are diminished. Attempts to change the shape of the IAB in order to limit or prevent this deterioration have been scarce. The aim of the present study was to investigate the hemodynamic performance of six new IAB shapes, and compare it to that of a traditional cylindrical IAB. A mock circulation system, featuring an artificial left ventricle and an aortic model with 11 branches and physiological resistance and compliance, was used to test one cylindrical and six newly shaped IABs at angles 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40°. Pressure was measured continuously at the aortic root during 1:1 and 1:4 IABP support. Shape 2 was found to consistently achieve, in terms of absolute magnitude, larger ΔedP at angles than the cylindrical IAB. Although ΔedP was gradually diminished with angle, it did so to a lesser degree than the cylindrical IAB; this diminishment was only 53% (with frequency 1:1) and 40% (with frequency 1:4) of that of the cylindrical IAB, when angle increased from 0 to 40°. During inflation Shape 1 displayed a more stable behavior with increasing angle compared to the cylindrical IAB; with an increase in angle from 0 to 40°, diastolic aortic pressure augmentation dropped only by 45% (with frequency 1:1) and by 33% (with frequency 1:4) of the drop reached with the cylindrical IAB. After compensating for differences in nominal IAB volume, Shape 1 generally achieved higher Paug over most angles. Newly shaped IABs could allow for IABP therapy to become more efficient for patients nursed at the semirecumbent position. The findings promote the idea of personalized rather than generalized patient therapy for the achievement of higher IABP therapeutic efficiency, with a choice of IAB shape that prioritizes the recovery of those hemodynamic indices that are more in need of support in the unassisted circulation.
Role of Intra‐Aortic Balloon Pump and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Early Graft Failure After Cardiac Transplantation
Authors: Loforte Antonio , Murana Giacomo , Cefarelli Mariano , Jafrancesco Giuliano , Sabatino Mario , Martin Suarez Sofia , Pilato Emanuele , Pacini Davide , Grigioni Francesco , Bartolomeo Roberto Di , Marinelli Giuseppe 
Published: August 2016

AbstractEarly graft failure (EGF) is a major risk factor for death after heart transplantation (Htx). We investigated the predictive risk factors for moderate‐to‐severe EGF requiring an intra‐aortic balloon pump (IABP) or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) circulatory support as treatment after Htx. Between January 2000 and December 2014, 412 consecutive adult patients underwent isolated Htx at our institution. Moderate and severe EGF were defined as the need for IABP and ECMO support, respectively, within 24 h after Htx. All available recipient and donor variables were analyzed to assess the risk of EGF occurrence. Overall, moderate‐to‐severe EGF occurred in 46 (11.1%) patients. Twenty‐nine (63.04%) patients required peripheral or central ECMO support in the treatment of severe EGF and 17 (36.9%) patients required IABP support for the treatment of moderate EGF. The predictive risk factors for moderate‐to‐severe EGF in recipients, as assessed by logistic regression analysis, were a preoperative transpulmonary gradient > 12 mm Hg (odds ratio [OR] 5.2; P = 0.023), a preoperative inotropic score > 10 (OR 8.5; P = 0.0001), and preoperative ECMO support (OR 4.2; P = 0.012). For donors, the predictive risk factor was a donor score ≥ 17 (OR 8.3; P = 0.006). The absence of EGF was correlated with improved long‐term survival: 94% at 1 year and 81% at 5 years without EGF versus 76% and 36% at 1 year (P < 0.001), and 70% and 28% at 5 years (P < 0.001) with EGF requiring IABP and ECMO support, respectively. In‐hospital weaned and survived patients after IABP or ECMO treatment for moderate‐to‐severe EGF had a similar 5‐year conditional survival rate as transplant patients who had not suffered EGF: 88% without EGF versus 84% with EGF treated with mechanical circulatory support devices (P = 0.08). The occurrence of EGF is a multifactorial deleterious event that depends on donor and recipient profiles. IABP and ECMO support are reliable treatment strategies, depending on the grade of EGF. Furthermore, surviving patients treated with IABP or ECMO have the same long‐term conditional survival rate as patients who have not suffered EGF.
Involvement of circadian clock in crowing of red jungle fowls (Gallus gallus)
Authors: Ito Shuichi , Hori Shuho , Hirose Makiko , Iwahara Mari , Yatsushiro Azusa , Matsumoto Atsushi , Tanaka Masayuki , Okamoto Chinobu , Yayou Ken‐ichi , Shimmura Tsuyoshi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe rhythmic locomotor behavior of flies and mice provides a phenotype for the identification of clock genes, and the underlying molecular mechanism is well studied. However, interestingly, when examining locomotor rhythm in the wild, several key laboratory‐based assumptions on circadian behavior are not supported in natural conditions. The rooster crowing ‘cock‐a‐doodle‐doo’ is a symbol of the break of dawn in many countries. Previously, we used domestic inbred roosters and showed that the timing of roosters' crowing is regulated by the circadian clock under laboratory conditions. However, it is still unknown whether the regulation of crowing by circadian clock is observed under natural conditions. Therefore, here we used red jungle fowls and first confirmed that similar crowing rhythms with domesticated chickens are observed in red jungle fowls under the laboratory conditions. Red jungle fowls show predawn crowing before light onset under 12:12 light : dim light conditions and the free‐running rhythm of crowing under total dim light conditions. We next examined the crowing rhythms under semi‐wild conditions. Although the crowing of red jungle fowls changed seasonally under semi‐wild conditions, predawn crowing was observed before sunrise in all seasons. This evidence suggests that seasonally changed crowing of red jungle fowls is under the control of a circadian clock.
Comparative assessment of clinical response in patients with rheumatoid arthritis between PF‐05280586, a proposed rituximab biosimilar, and rituximab
Authors: Williams Jason H. , Hutmacher Matthew M. , Zierhut Matthew L. , Becker Jean‐Claude , Gumbiner Barry , Spencer‐Green George , Melia Lisa A. , Liao Kai‐Hsin , Suster Matthew , Yin Donghua , Li Ruifeng , Meng Xu 
Published: August 2016

AimsTo evaluate potential differences between PF‐05280586 and rituximab sourced from the European Union (rituximab‐EU) and USA (rituximab‐US) in clinical response (Disease Activity Score in 28 Joints [DAS28] and American College of Rheumatology [ACR] criteria), as part of the overall biosimilarity assessment of PF‐05280586.MethodsA randomised, double‐blind, pharmacokinetic similarity trial was conducted in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis refractory to anti‐tumour necrosis factor therapy on a background of methotrexate. Patients were treated with 1000 mg of PF‐05280586, rituximab‐EU or rituximab‐US on days 1 and 15 and followed over 24 weeks for pharmacokinetic, clinical response and safety assessments. Key secondary end points were the areas under effect curves for DAS28 and ACR responses. Mean differences in areas under effect curves were compared against respective reference ranges established by observed rituximab‐EU and rituximab‐US responses using longitudinal nonlinear mixed effects models.ResultsThe analysis included 214 patients. Demographics were similar across groups with exceptions in some baseline disease characteristics. Baseline imbalances and group‐to‐group variation were accounted for by covariate effects in each model. Predictions from the DAS28 and ACR models tracked the central tendency and distribution of observations well. No point estimates of mean differences were outside the reference range for DAS28 or ACR scores. The probabilities that the predicted differences between PF‐05280586 vs. rituximab‐EU or rituximab‐US lie outside the reference ranges were low.ConclusionsNo clinically meaningful differences were detected in DAS28 or ACR response between PF‐05280586 and rituximab‐EU or rituximab‐US as the differences were within the pre‐specified reference ranges. TRIAL REGISTRATION Number: NCT01526057.
Is age of onset associated with severity, prognosis, and clinical features in bipolar disorder? A meta‐analytic review
Authors: Joslyn Cassandra , Hawes David J , Hunt Caroline , Mitchell Philip B 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesTo identify clinical characteristics and adverse outcomes associated with an earlier age of onset of bipolar disorder.MethodsA comprehensive search yielded 15 empirical papers comparing clinical presentation and outcomes in individuals with bipolar disorder grouped according to age of onset (total N=7370). The following variables were examined to determine odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs): presence of Axis I comorbidity, rapid cycling, psychotic symptoms, mixed episodes (DSM‐IV), lifetime suicide attempts, lifetime alcohol and substance abuse, symptom severity, and treatment delay.ResultsEarly age of onset was found to be associated with longer delay to treatment (Hedges’ g=0.39, P=.001), greater severity of depression (Hedges’ g=0.42, P<.001), and higher levels of comorbid anxiety (OR=2.34, P<.001) and substance use (OR=1.80, P<.001). Surprisingly, no association was found between early age of onset and clinical characteristics such as psychotic symptoms or mixed episodes as defined by DSM‐IV.ConclusionsEarlier age of onset of bipolar disorder is associated with factors that can negatively impact long‐term outcomes such as increased comorbidity. However, no association was found between early onset and indicators of severity or treatment resistance such as psychotic symptoms. Clinical features found to have the strongest relationship with early age of onset were those potentially amenable to pharmacological and psychological treatment. Results highlight the importance of early identification and provide potential areas of focus for the development of early intervention in bipolar disorder.