bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of the in situ growth rate of Microcystis based on carbon and nitrogen stable isotope fractionation
Authors: Zhen Shucong , Zhu Wei 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Stable isotope fractionation of carbon and nitrogen in algal cells can be affected by photosynthesis, temperature, nutrient and CO2 concentrations, and cell size. As a consequence, carbon and nitrogen stable isotope techniques are not popular for determining algal growth rates. To counter these issues, this study used BG11 medium to cultivate Microcystis in the laboratory. First, the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values of the culture medium and the algae are determined. Then, based on changes in isotope fractionation before and after cell division, a function μ = 1.32(1 + x)−0.52 relating growth rate and stable isotope fractionation is established. By substituting stable isotope values from Taihu Lake water and Microcystis into this function, the growth rate of the Microcystis in Taihu Lake is calculated to be 0.64 d−1 in May and 0.12 d−1 in September, with an average growth rate of 0.42 d−1. By incorporating most of the above-mentioned factors influencing isotope fractionation, this method can determine the growth rate of algae based directly on the stable isotope fractionation relationship, enabling simple and practical determination of algae growth rates.
EFIKASI ISOLAT TRICHODERMA TERPILIH DENGAN BAHAN ORGANIK UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN PENYAKIT BUSUK PANGKAL BATANG PADA LADA DI LAPANGAN
Authors: Ginting Cipta , Prasetyo Joko , Nurhidayat Aris , Maryono Tri 
Published: August 2017

Efficacy of selected Trichoderma isolate and organic matter to control foot rot of black pepper in the field. The objective of this experiment was to determine the efficacy of selected Trichoderma isolatand organic matter to control the disease. Dual culture method was used to select a Trichoderma isolate. The experiment to evaluate the efficacy of selected isolate consisted of control (no application of T. harzianum or organic matter), T. harzianum and rice straw, and T. harzianum and coffee husk. As starter, T. harzianum was grown in broken rice. Two liters of organic matter was infested with suspension of 10 g starter in 100 ml steril water and incubated for 2 weeks. The mixture was applied around the base of black pepper stem. The results showed that all plants treated with T. harzianum and organic matter did not show disease symptom. Ten percent of the control plants showed symptoms. However, statistical analysis showed that the occurrence of the disease was not significantly different between treatments. Applications ofT. harzianum and rice straw increased the density of Trichoderma for 1 and 2 months after application. T. harzianum and coffee husk increased the density of the fungus 1 month after application.
Presenting complaints in Gynecology Outpatient Department (OPD) and Prevalence and Assessment of Dysmenorrhea
Authors: Shrestha Dhan Bahadur , Thapa Sumana , Singh Rajshree , Khatiwada Roshan , Pandey Sachita , Srivastava Ayushi , Aryal Barun Babu , Upreti Tanya , Gurung Anju 
Published: August 2017

Introduction: Menstrual disorder encompasses a major chunk of gynecological outpatient department visits. Among menstrual disorders, dysmenorrhea is the commonest problem during reproductive life. Dysmenorrhea is crampy lower abdominal pain involving lower back, genitalia and upper thigh. Its prevalence varies widely from 40-94% with environment, ethnicity, lifestyle etc. It is a major cause for absenteeism from job/school. Common risk factors include family history, low body mass index (BMI), early menarche, psychological factors, smoking etc. Methods: This non-interventional cross-sectional study was conducted over 427 females of reproductive age group (15-49 years) visiting Gynecology OPD for 6 months’ duration. Information was gathered from patients using a semi-structured standardized questionnaire formulated after a pilot study after obtaining written consent. Patients out of the specified age group, not giving consent, or previously interviewed patients coming for follow-up were excluded from the study.Results: This study showed the commonest complaint for visiting hospital as lower abdominal pain (50.6%), followed by menstrual abnormalities and Per-Vaginal (PV) discharge. Among menstrual problems, majority complained of irregularity of cycle (53.3%), followed by menorrhagia. The lifetime prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 86.4%, while point prevalence was 75.6%. Among dysmenorrheic individuals; 36.9%, 26.8% and 36.3% had mild, moderate, and severe pain respectively. Among them only 24.6% were taking medications and 6.5% were using hot water bag. There were significant correlations of severity of dysmenorrhea with its impact on activities (p=.000) and intervention (p=.000) though there was no significant correlation with family history, alcohol and tobacco consumption.Conclusion: Lower abdominal pain is the commonest complaint for gynecological OPD visit. Among menstrual disturbances, dysmenorrhea is a common entity that has significant impact on life and needs proper intervention.
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis And Cancer: A Review
Authors: Hajj Boutros Rita , Salti Ibrahim 
Published: August 2017

Background: No consensus exists on the association between Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and cancer. To resolve this controversy, this review aimed to evaluate the relationship between the two conditions.
Methods: Using Pub-Med database, we searched studies relevant to the topic focusing on the association between HT and Papillary Thyroid Cancer (PTC), as well as the association between HT and Primary Thyroid Lymphoma (PTL).
Findings: Both HT and PTC are common worldwide, and the two conditions may be closely related. However, the relationship remains controversial. Some studies found that PTC coexisted with HT 2.8-fold more frequently, with variable prevalence ranging from 0.5 to 30%. In contrast to surgical and pathological series that suggested a positive correlation between the two diseases and even a cause-and-effect relationship, the other studies evaluating fine-needle aspirate specimens did not find a statistically significant correlation. On the other hand, the relationship between PTL and HT appears well established.
Conclusion: The existing data provide inconsistent evidence favoring a causal relationship between HT and PTC. Prospective studies are needed to further elucidate the relationship. However patients with HT are at risk for PTL. Therefore careful observation and follow-up of HT patients is recommended.
2010 August 1–2 Sympathetic Eruptions. II. Magnetic Topology of the MHD Background Field
Authors: Titov Viacheslav S. , Mikić Zoran , Török Tibor , Linker Jon A. , Panasenco Olga 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Using a potential field source-surface (PFSS) model, we recently analyzed the global topology of the background coronal magnetic field for a sequence of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that occurred on 2010 August 1–2. Here we repeat this analysis for the background field reproduced by a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model that incorporates plasma thermodynamics. As for the PFSS model, we find that all three CME source regions contain a coronal hole (CH) that is separated from neighboring CHs by topologically very similar pseudo-streamer structures. However, the two models yield very different results for the size, shape, and flux of the CHs. We find that the helmet-streamer cusp line, which corresponds to a source-surface null line in the PFSS model, is structurally unstable and does not form in the MHD model. Our analysis indicates that, generally, in MHD configurations, this line instead consists of a multiple-null separator passing along the edge of disconnected-flux regions. Some of these regions are transient and may be the origin of the so-called streamer blobs. We show that the core topological structure of such blobs is a three-dimensional “plasmoid” consisting of two conjoined flux ropes of opposite handedness, which connect at a spiral null point of the magnetic field. Our analysis reveals that such plasmoids also appear in pseudo-streamers on much smaller scales. These new insights into the coronal magnetic topology provide some intriguing implications for solar energetic particle events and for the properties of the slow solar wind.
Theologia and the Ideologica of Language: The calling of a theology and religion faculty in a time of populism
Authors: Meylahn Johann-Albrecht 
Published: August 2017

This article represents a response to Andries van Aarde’s view on a ‘gateway to the future from a deconstructed past’, a paper presented as part of a conference, ‘Gateway to the Future from a Deconstructed Past’, commemorating the centennial anniversary of the Faculty of Theology at the University of Pretoria, 05–06 April 2017. The article argues that texts, and theology faculties as texts, are just as any structure or construction haunted by their sacred secret. Haunted by the ghosts in the texts from the past to be inspired for the calling of a theology and religion faculty in a time of populism and the ‘renaissance of (neo)nationalism’, according to Van Aarde. In being given the responsibility not only of responding to his contribution but also co-sharing the responsibility of the history of the faculty, the author says that he has a choice: he could respond to the letter of the text or I could be spooked by the ghosts of these texts, the haunting of the sacred secret, calling through Professor Van Aarde’s deconstruction of these texts. The author decides to seek to allow the ghosts of his text to call him. A call, as most calls, to which one can only respond: Here I am! Here I am in this moment (here) of history at this particular Faculty of Theology and Religion. This is a call to share the responsibility, the responsibility of being here and the responsibility of the being of a theology and religion faculty in a time of populism and (neo)nationalism, both globally and locally.
Growth Rates of 3-dimensional Hyperbolic Coxeter Groups are Perron Numbers
Authors: Yukita Tomoshige 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this paper we consider the growth rates of 3-dimensional hyperbolic Coxeter polyhedra with at least one dihedral angle of the formfor an integer k ≥ 7. Combining a classical result by Parry with a previous result of ours, we prove that the growth rates of 3-dimensional hyperbolic Coxeter groups are Perron numbers.
Chemical Vapor Deposition of Nickel Ferrite Using Ni C5H5 2 and Fe
C5H4C4H9 C5H5
Authors: Walker Rachel , Singh M. , Yang Y. , Takoudis C.G. 
Published: August 2017

Chemical vapor deposition was used to deposit thin films of nickel oxide
(NiO) and iron oxide (Fe2O3) on silicon substrates. Precursors chosen for
this process were nickelocene,Ni(C5H5)2 and n-butylferrocene,
Fe(C5H4C4H9)(C5H5), which were oxidized with oxygen gas in a low-pressure
chemical vapor deposition system. Following the deposition of the individual
metal oxides, the two precursors were used together with the goal of
depositing a thin film of nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4). Both co-deposition and
cyclic deposition were carried out, and the resulting thin films were
analyzed using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This study found that the
resulting thin films did not contain NiFe2O4, but were composed of NiO and
Fe2O3 in a different ratio. It is suggested that changing various parameters
in this experiment can be used to vary this ratio.
Establishment of Reading Like Behavior of Elementary Students By Using Sustained Silent Reading Approach
Authors: Purwati Titik , Ahmad Harun , Sudana Dino 
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this research was to analyze the establishment of reading like behavior of Elementary School student in Malang City by using SSR approach. The research used survey and experimental methods which were applied to the third grade students in 5 Pubic Elementary Schools in Malang City. The samples were taken randomly. The data resources are from students, teachers, principals, and library staffs. The data were collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires, pre-and post-tests, and book read record. The data analyses used were descriptive analysis and T test. The research result was the application of the SSR approach has improved significantly to the reading like behavior of the students of Public Elementary Schools in Malang City. This result showed the SSR approach is suitable to be applied for the establishment of reading like behavior of Elementary School students.
Do Physical Properties Affect Enactment Effect? The Regulatory Function of Item Familiarity
Authors: Yu Zhanyu , Wang Lijuan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOur aim was to examine the regulatory function that item familiarity has for the impact of physical properties on the enactment effect. We also evaluated the relation between motor and imagery encoding. In 2 experiments controlling for the familiarity of nouns in action phrases, free recall data showed that the presence of physical properties improved memory performance under verbal task-encoding conditions, regardless of item familiarity. In the subject-performed task-encoding condition, physical properties played a positive role in memorizing familiar items but not in unfamiliar items. These findings revealed the correlation between motor encoding and imagery encoding. The regulatory function of item familiarity was demonstrated, because the presence of physical properties had no impact on the enactment effect of familiar items but determined whether the enactment effect of unfamiliar items was significant. These findings provide empirical support for both the multimodal theory and the motor encoding theory of subject-performed tasks. We summarized the “item character view” to analyze the divergent conclusions about the enactment effect from the perspective of research methods and to promote the standardized development of action memory.
New Model for Solving Mixed Integral Equation of the First Kind with Generalized Potential Kernel
Authors: Eisa Ali Alhazmi Shareefa 
Published: August 2017

New technique model is used to solve the mixed integral equation (\textbf{MIE}) of the first kind, with a position kernel contains a generalized potential function multiplying by a continuous function and continuous kernel in time, in the space $L_{2} (\Omega )\times C[0,T],\, 0\leq T<1$, $\Omega$ is the domain of integration and $T$ is the time. The integral equation arises in the treatment of various semi-symmetric contact problems, in one, two, and three dimensions, with mixed boundary conditions in the mechanics of continuous media. The solution of the \textbf{MIE }when the kernel of position takes the potential function form, elliptic function form, Carleman function and logarithmic kernel are discussed and obtain in this work. Moreover, many special cases are derived.
Expression differences inAphidius ervi(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) females reared on different aphid host species
Authors: Ballesteros Gabriel I. , Gadau Jürgen , Legeai Fabrice , Gonzalez-Gonzalez Angelica , Lavandero Blas , Simon Jean-Christophe , Figueroa Christian C. 
Published: August 2017

The molecular mechanisms that allow generalist parasitoids to exploit many, often very distinct hosts are practically unknown. The waspAphidius ervi,a generalist koinobiont parasitoid of aphids, was introduced from Europe into Chile in the late 1970s to control agriculturally important aphid species. A recent study showed significant differences in host preference and host acceptance (infectivity) depending on the hostA. erviwere reared on. In contrast, no genetic differentiation betweenA. ervipopulations parasitizing different aphid species and aphids of the same species reared on different host plants was found in Chile. Additionally, the same study did not find any fitness effects inA. erviif offspring were reared on a different host as their mothers. Here, we determined the effect of aphid host species (Sitobion avenaeversusAcyrthosiphon pisumreared on two different host plants alfalfa and pea) on the transcriptome of adultA. ervifemales. We found a large number of differentially expressed genes (between host species: head: 2,765; body: 1,216; within the same aphid host species reared on different host plants: alfalfa versus pea: head 593; body 222). As expected, the transcriptomes from parasitoids reared on the same host species (pea aphid) but originating from different host plants (pea versus alfalfa) were more similar to each other than the transcriptomes of parasitoids reared on a different aphid host and host plant (head: 648 and 1,524 transcripts; body: 566 and 428 transcripts). We found several differentially expressed odorant binding proteins and olfactory receptor proteins in particular, when we compared parasitoids from different host species. Additionally, we found differentially expressed genes involved in neuronal growth and development as well as signaling pathways. These results point towards a significant rewiring of the transcriptome ofA. ervidepending on aphid-plant complex where parasitoids develop, even if different biotypes of a certain aphid host species (A. pisum) are reared on the same host plant. This difference seems to persist even after the different wasp populations were reared on the same aphid host in the laboratory for more than 50 generations. This indicates that either the imprinting process is very persistent or there is enough genetic/allelic variation betweenA. ervipopulations. The role of distinct molecular mechanisms is discussed in terms of the formation of host fidelity.
Using direct and coda wave envelopes to resolve the scattering and intrinsic attenuation structure of Southern California
Authors: Wang W. , Shearer P. M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCharacterizing scattering and absorbing properties and the power spectrum of crustal heterogeneity is a fundamental problem for informing strong ground motion estimates at high frequencies, where scattering and attenuation effects are critical. We perform a comprehensive study of local earthquake coda waves in Southern California to constrain scattering and intrinsic attenuation structure. We analyze data from 1195 spatially distributed earthquakes from 1981 to 2013 at source depths of 10 to 15 km and epicentral distances from 0 to 250 km with magnitudes larger than 1.8. We stack envelope functions from 28,127 vertical component and 27,521 transverse component seismograms, filtered from 2 to 4 Hz. We model these observations using a particle‐based Monte Carlo algorithm that includes intrinsic attenuation as well as both P and S wave scattering and both single and multiple scattering events. We find that spatially averaged coda wave behavior for Southern California can be explained only with models containing an increase in scattering strength and intrinsic attenuation within the uppermost crust, i.e., they are poorly fit with half‐space models of constant scattering strength. A reasonable fit to our data is obtained with a two‐layer model, composed of a shallow crustal layer with strong wide‐angle scattering and high P and S intrinsic attenuation and a deeper layer with weaker scattering and lower intrinsic attenuation (top 5.5 km: αQI=250, βQI=125, heterogeneity correlation length a = 50 m, fractional velocity heterogeneity ε = 0.4; lower crust: αQI=900, βQI=400, a = 2 km, ε = 0.05).
Bathymetric control of warm ocean water access along the East Antarctic Margin
Authors: Nitsche F. O. , Porter D. , Williams G. , Cougnon E. A. , Fraser A. D. , Correia R. , Guerrero R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObserved thinning of the Totten Glacier in East Antarctica has cast doubt upon the stability of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. Recent oceanographic observations at the front of the Totten Ice Shelf have confirmed the presence of modified Circumpolar Deep Water (mCDW), which likely promotes enhanced melting. Details of how this water accesses the shelf remain uncertain. Here we present new bathymetry and autumnal oceanographic data from the outer continental shelf, north of the Totten Glacier, that show up to 0.7°C mCDW in a >100 km wide and >500 m deep depression within the shelf break. In other parts of East Antarctica, a shelf break bathymetry shallower than 400 m prevents these warmer waters from entering the shelf environment. Our observations demonstrate that detailed knowledge of the bathymetry is critical to correctly model the across‐shelf exchange of warm water to the various glaciers/ice shelves of Antarctica for future sea level prediction.
A single ice approach using varying ice particle properties in global climate model microphysics
Authors: Zhao Xi , Lin Yanluan , Peng Yiran , Wang Bin , Morrison Hugh , Gettelman Andrew 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIce and mixed‐phase cloud representation and simulation in global climate models are challenging with large uncertainties and biases. Sharing similar growth paths, no distinct separation exists in nature between cloud ice and snow. Different from conventional microphysics schemes separating cloud ice from snow, a single prognostic category is used to represent the whole spectrum of solid hydrometeors. Instead of using fixed physical properties for separate ice classes, e.g., the mass, area, and fall velocity, we consider the particle shape and riming impacts on ice properties. This approach simplifies several ice‐related microphysical processes and eliminates the ambiguity and uncertainty associated with parameterizing cloud ice to snow conversion. The modifications were implemented in the Morrison‐Gettelman (MG08) scheme and tested in Community Atmosphere Model. Evaluation using single column simulations indicated that the new approach increased the ice water content (IWC) in high clouds during dry period, which is improved compared to available retrievals. Global atmospheric simulations using the new approach give an overall comparable mean climate with notable improvement in terms of clouds and their radiative forcing. Both longwave and shortwave cloud forcing are closer to observations due to more realistic IWC, liquid water content, and cloud top height. Furthermore, the new approach yields slightly better representation of mixed‐phase clouds when a smaller capacitance for nonspherical particles is used in the ice depositional growth parameterization. Overall, the physically based single‐ice approach is a promising direction for future GCM microphysics development given its simplified representation of microphysical processes and flexible description of ice particle properties.
Prediction and uncertainty analysis of a parsimonious floodplain surface water‐groundwater interaction model
Authors: Maier Nadine , Breuer Lutz , Kraft Philipp 
Published: August 2017

AbstractFloodplains provide a variety of hydrological and ecological functions and are therefore of great importance. The flooding frequency, as well as the height and duration of inundations are particularly relevant for ecosystem states and are dependent on the exchange between surface water and groundwater. In this study, we developed a fully distributed model approach to simulate distributed groundwater levels in a floodplain in Hesse, Germany (14.8 km2). To overcome the problem of large computation times, we simplified the surface water equation. Thus, the water surface of flooding is at the same level everywhere and the dynamic effect of the flooding is ignored. In this way, it was possible to run the model 5000 times and investigate its parameter uncertainty using Latin hypercube sampling. Behavioral model runs were selected based on a threshold criterion of a mean root‐mean‐square error that was smaller than 0.26 m. All the simulated groundwater wells show an individual RMSE between 0.17 and 0.41 m for the calibration period. Regarding the parameterization, the model shows rather large variance in parameters that are capable of generating good simulations: a range of saturated conductivity of 2793 m/d, porosity of 0.4 m3/m3, residual wetness of soil of 0.2 m3/m3/soil and range of soil thickness of 2.9 m.