bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective Coke Combustion by Oxygen Pulsing During Mo/ZSM‐5‐Catalyzed Methane Dehydroaromatization
Authors: Kosinov Nikolay , Coumans Ferdy J. A. G. , Uslamin Evgeny , Kapteijn Freek , Hensen Emiel J. M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractNon‐oxidative methane dehydroaromatization is a promising reaction to directly convert natural gas into aromatic hydrocarbons and hydrogen. Commercialization of this technology is hampered by rapid catalyst deactivation because of coking. A novel approach is presented involving selective oxidation of coke during methane dehydroaromatization at 700 °C. Periodic pulsing of oxygen into the methane feed results in substantially higher cumulative product yield with synthesis gas; a H2/CO ratio close to two is the main side‐product of coke combustion. Using 13C isotope labeling of methane it is demonstrated that oxygen predominantly reacts with molybdenum carbide species. The resulting molybdenum oxides catalyze coke oxidation. Less than one‐fifth of the available oxygen reacts with gaseous methane. Combined with periodic regeneration at 550 °C, this strategy is a significant step forward, towards a process for converting methane into liquid hydrocarbons.
Radical‐Mediated 1,2‐Formyl/Carbonyl Functionalization of Alkenes and Application to the Construction of Medium‐Sized Rings
Authors: Li Zhong‐Liang , Li Xiao‐Hua , Wang Na , Yang Ning‐Yuan , Liu Xin‐Yuan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA novel radical 1,2‐formylfunctionalization of alkenes involving 1,2(4,5)‐formyl migration triggered by addition of various carbon‐ and heteroatom‐centered radicals to alkenes has been developed for the first time, thus providing straightforward access to diverse β‐functionalized aldehydes with good efficiency, remarkable selectivity, and excellent functional group tolerance. Analogous transformations mediated by a keto‐carbonyl migration have also been effected under similar conditions. This method was used to access ring systems including various benzannulated nine‐, ten‐, and eleven‐membered rings, complex 6‐5(6,7)‐6(5) fused rings, and bridged rings with diverse functionalities.
A Rigid Nested Metal–Organic Framework Featuring a Thermoresponsive Gating Effect Dominated by Counterions
Authors: Gao Qiang , Xu Jian , Cao Dapeng , Chang Ze , Bu Xian‐He 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe herein report a rigid nested metal–organic framework (MOF) featuring a unique thermoresponsive gating adsorption behavior, which, in contrast to any known flexibility modes for stimuli‐responsive MOFs, depends on the thermal motion of the extra‐framework counterions. In addition, this MOF also exhibits adsorption selectivity of CO2 over N2, H2, and Ar at 273 K, thus enabling a strategic separation and encapsulation of CO2.
Size‐Dependent Surface Migration of Au Alloys on Si Nanowires at Different Cooling Rates
Authors: Park Yi‐Seul , Kim Hyun Ji , Lee Jin Seok 
Published: October 2016

AbstractUnderstanding metal alloy migration in metal‐catalyzed nanowires growth is a prerequisite for improving its potential applications in the field of nanodevices. Here, we explored the surface migration of Au alloys in vertically aligned Si nanowires with different cooling rates. We varied the diameter of Au alloys by controlling the thickness of Au film as a catalyst for SiNW growth, and found that the behavior of Au alloys migration is dependent on size of Au alloys. In addition, the size‐dependent migration mechanism of Au alloys was investigated at different cooling rates, which is related to different Au‐Si eutectics.
Are We All Overconfident in the Long Run? Evidence from One Million Marathon Participants
Authors: Krawczyk Michał , Wilamowski Maciej 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn this project, we measured overconfidence in a large, heterogeneous sample making familiar, repeated choices in a natural environment that provided direct feedback. Specifically, in study 1, we elicited predictions of own finishing time among participants of the 2012 Warsaw Marathon. The participants' prediction errors were highly correlated with the change in pace over the course of the run: overly optimistic forecasters slowed down more in the second half. In study 2, we consequently took this slowdown as a proxy for overconfidence and used existing field data of one million participants in several large marathons for which split times are available (but own predictions are not). Both studies indicate that men as well as the youngest and oldest participants tend to be more confident. In study 2, we were able to investigate national and cultural dimensions. We found confirmation of previously reported findings of relative overconfidence in Asians. Additionally, we show some largely novel results, in particular that relatively conservative societies tend to be relatively overconfident. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Control of developmental networks by Rac/Rho small GTPases: How cytoskeletal changes during embryogenesis are orchestrated
Authors: Sáenz‐Narciso Beatriz , Gómez‐Orte Eva , Zheleva Angelina , Gastaca Irene , Cabello Juan 
Published: October 2016

Small GTPases in the Rho family act as major nodes with functions beyond cytoskeletal rearrangements shaping the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo during development. These small GTPases are key signal transducers that integrate diverse developmental signals to produce a coordinated response in the cell. In C. elegans, the best studied members of these highly conserved Rho family small GTPases, RHO‐1/RhoA, CED‐10/Rac, and CDC‐42, are crucial in several cellular processes dealing with cytoskeletal reorganization. In this review, we update the functions described for the Rho family small GTPases in spindle orientation and cell division, engulfment, and cellular movements during C. elegans embryogenesis, focusing on the Rho subfamily Rac.Please also see the video abstract here
A rapid and efficient analytical method for the quantification of a novel anticholinergic compound, R‐phencynonate, by stable isotope‐dilution LC–MS/MS and its application to bioavailability and dose proportionality studies
Authors: Li Jinglai , Liao Sha , Wang Xiaoying , Liu Qian , Meng Fei , Zhang Wenpeng , Zhang Tianhong , Yang Cuiping , Song Xinyi , Luo Huan , Wang Juan , Li Zheng , Zhong Bohua , Zhang Zhenqing 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA rapid, specific and high‐throughput stable isotope‐dilution LC–MS/MS method was developed and validated with high sensitivity for the quantification of R‐phencynonate (a eutomer of phencynonate racemate) in rat and dog plasma. Plasma samples were deproteinized using acetonitrile and then separated on a C8 column with an isocratic mobile phase containing acetonitrile–water–formic acid mixture (60:40:0.1, v/v/v) at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. Each sample had a total run time of 3 min. Quantification was performed using triple quadrupole mass spectrometry in selected reaction monitoring mode with positive electrospray ionization. The method was shown to be highly linear (r2 > 0.99) and to have a wide dynamic range (0.1–100 ng/mL) with favourable accuracy and precision. No matrix effects were observed. The detailed pharmacokinetic profiles of R‐phencynonate at therapeutic doses in rats and dogs were characterized by rapid oral absorption, quick clearance, high volume of distribution and poor absolute bioavailability. R‐Phencynonate lacked dose proportionality over the oral dose range, based on the power model. However, the area under concentration–time curve and the maximum plasma concentration increased linearly in a dose‐dependent manner in both animal models. The absolute bioavailability of R‐phencynonate was 16.6 ± 2.75 and 4.78 ± 1.26% in dogs and rats, respectively.
Meet Your Neighbours. Authoritarians Engage in Intergroup Contact When They have the Opportunity
Authors: Brune Anna , Asbrock Frank , Sibley Chris G. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractResearch indicates that authoritarians tend to avoid intergroup contact. This study tested the hypothesis that living in a neighbourhood with a higher proportion of Asian peoples increases the likelihood of contact with them for the majority (New Zealand Europeans), and that this effect should increase intergroup contact for authoritarians. Multi‐level Random Coefficient Modelling of data from the New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study (N = 3903) indicated that New Zealand Europeans high in authoritarianism in neighbourhoods with a high proportion of Asian peoples have more contact with Asian friends, relative to authoritarians in less ethnically diverse areas. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A case of basal cell carcinoma of the nictitating membrane in a dog
Authors: Rodriguez Galarza Roxanne M. , Shrader Stephanie M. , Koehler Jennifer W. , Abarca Eva 
Published: October 2016

Key Clinical MessageA case of a basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the nictitating membrane (NM) in a 9‐year‐old female spayed dachshund is reported. Computed tomography and resection of theNMfollowed by cryosurgery was performed. Although uncommon,BCCshould be considered as a differential diagnosis for tumors of theNM.
Unusual association of brain hemorrhage and digestive tract occlusion: about two prenatal cases
Authors: Garofalo Giulia , Tecco Laura , Van Rysselberge Michel , Van Bogaert Patrick , Mergan Frederic , Cassart Marie 
Published: October 2016

Key Clinical MessageWe report two prenatal cases of an exceptional association of digestive tract atresia or perforation with brain hemorrhage. This combination worsens the prognosis leading to termination of pregnancy in one case. We outline the importance of a careful fetal brain examination on imaging in cases of prenatal “acute” abdominal insults.
Micro‐/Mesoporous Zinc–Manganese Oxide/Graphene Hybrids with High Specific Surface Area: A High‐Capacity, Superior‐Rate, and Ultralong‐Life Anode for Lithium Storage
Authors: Yao Wei , Zhao Mengqiang , Dai Yi , Tang Jiali , Xu Jianguang 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHierarchical porous mixed metal oxide/graphene two‐dimensional nanostructures, providing an extra active position for lithium storage, represent a hopeful platform for next‐generation anode materials. Herein, we report a facile approach to synthesize micro‐/mesoporous zinc–manganese oxide/graphene (Zn‐Mn‐O/G) hybrids with a specific surface area of 227.6 m2 g−1 in a water/ethanol mixed solvent. Owing to the micro‐/mesoporous structure, large specific area, and strongly coupled effects between Zn‐Mn‐O and the graphene sheets, the hybrids deliver a high capacity of 1216 mAh g−1 at a current density of 500 mA g−1 after 100 cycles, a superior rate performance of 558 mAh g−1 at 8000 mA g−1, as well as ultralong cycle life up to 900 cycles. In addition, if performed in the temperature range of 5 to 45 °C, the Zn‐Mn‐O/G anode demonstrates specific capacities between 748 and 1245 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles.
Chiral N,N′‐Dioxide–Scandium(III) Complex‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Friedel–Crafts Alkylation Reaction of ortho‐Hydroxybenzyl Alcohols with C3‐Substituted N‐Protected Indoles
Authors: Zheng Jianfeng , Lin Lili , Dai Li , Yuan Xiao , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe first Lewis acid catalyzed asymmetric Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction of ortho‐hydroxybenzyl alcohols with C3‐substituted indoles is described. A chiral N,N′‐dioxide Sc(OTf)3 complex served not only to promote formation of ortho‐quinone methides (o‐QMs) in situ but also induced the asymmetry of the reaction. This methodology enables a novel activation of ortho‐hydroxybenzyl alcohols, thus affording the desired chiral diarylindol‐2‐ylmethanes in up to 99 % yield and 99 % ee. A range of functional groups were also tolerated under the mild reaction conditions. Moreover, this strategy gives concise access to enantioenriched indole‐fused benzoxocines.
Intramolecular Oxidative Arylations in 7‐Azaindoles and Pyrroles: Revamping the Synthesis of Fused N‐Heterocycle Tethered Fluorenes
Authors: Laha Joydev K. , Bhimpuria Rohan A. , Hunjan Mandeep Kaur 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe revealed intramolecular oxidative arylations in 7‐azaindoles and pyrroles that, for the first time, provided direct access to 7‐azaindole‐ or pyrrole‐fused isoindolines and tetrahydroisoquinolines. In addition, N‐benzylation of 7‐azaindoles or pyrroles with sterically hindered sec‐benzyl alcohols by Mitsunobu reaction followed by intramolecular oxidative arylation allowed access to chiral congeners of fused isoindolines that have little precedence. A new opportunity in the design and synthesis of fluorene‐based organic emitters is demonstrated in the preparation of novel fused N‐heterocycle tethered fluorenes, including a chiral fluorene architecture.
A stereodynamic phosphoramidite ligand derived from 3,3′‐functionalized ortho‐biphenol and its rhodium(I) complex
Authors: Storch Golo , Deberle Luisa , Menke Jan‐Michael , Rominger Frank , Trapp Oliver 
Published: October 2016

AbstractStereodynamic ligands and complexes bearing functional groups to attach chiral or achiral binding sites and auxiliaries are highly attractive due to the interesting opportunities for controlling the stereochemical outcome of enantioselective transformations. In this study we report the preparation of a 3,3′‐functionalized biphenol (BIPOL) phosphoramidite ligand (PAm) bearing 3,5‐dichlorobenzoyl (3,5‐DCB) amide binding sites for noncovalent interactions. Upon coordination to [Rh(COD)2]BF4 this substitution pattern directs one of the 3,5‐DCB binding sites in close proximity of the metal center resulting in liberation of both COD ligands and the formation of a [Rh(PAm)2]BF4 complex. Coordination of the amide carbonyl unit was found to be reversible, since the complex acted as an active catalyst in the hydrogenation of dehydroamino acid derivatives. X‐ray crystallographic investigation revealed that the second 3,5‐DCB unit is capable of forming noncovalent π–π interactions connecting both phosphoramidite ligands.
Diastereomeric bactericidal effect of Ru(phenanthroline)2dipyridophenazine
Authors: Mårtensson Anna K. F. , Bergentall Mattias , Tremaroli Valentina , Lincoln Per 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTMetal susceptibility assays and spot plating were used to investigate the antimicrobial activity of enantiopure [Ru(phen)2dppz]2+ (phen =1,10‐phenanthroline and dppz = dipyrido[3,2‐a:2´,3´‐c]phenazine) and [μ‐bidppz(phen)4Ru2]4+ (bidppz =11,11´‐bis(dipyrido[3,2‐a:2´,3´‐c]phenazinyl)), on Gram‐negative Escherichia coli and Gram‐positive Bacillus subtilis as bacterial models. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were determined for both complexes: while [μ‐bidppz(phen)4Ru2]4+ only showed a bactericidal effect at the highest concentrations tested, the antimicrobial activity of [Ru(phen)2dppz]2+ against B. subtilis was comparable to that of tetracyline. In addition, the Δ‐enantiomer of [Ru(phen)2dppz]2+ showed a 2‐fold higher bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect compared to the Λ‐enantiomer. This was in accordance with the enantiomers relative binding affinity for DNA, thus strongly indicating DNA binding as the mode of action.
Technological, management, and persistent innovation in small and medium family firms: The influence of professionalism
Authors: Diéguez‐Soto Julio , Duréndez Antonio , García‐Pérez‐de‐Lema Domingo , Ruiz‐Palomo Daniel 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe examine the effect of professional management on innovation in family‐owned firms. Since professionalism is a critical but controversial issue that can influence the innovative capacity of family businesses, we aim to determine if professional management improves innovation outcomes from a comprehensive perspective. Using a sample of 583 Spanish family firms, we demonstrate that professionalism in management exerts a positive influence on innovation from both technological (product and process innovation) and management perspectives. We also find that firms managed by external professionals are willing to develop higher innovative activity and that professionalism contributes positively to persistent innovation. Copyright © 2016 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adiabatic Electron‐Transfer Reactions on Semiconducting Electrodes
Authors: Schmickler Wolfgang , Santos Elizabeth , Bronshtein Michael , Nazmutdinov Renat 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTheoretical treatments of electrochemical reactions at semiconductors are usually based on theories that presume a weak interaction between the reactant and the electrode. Herein a theory is developed that is valid for arbitrary interaction strengths, and its consequences are explored within a simple coupling scheme. This model can be used as a framework for the investigation of specific catalytic reactions including photoelectrocatalysis.
Tungsten Carbide: A Remarkably Efficient Catalyst for the Selective Cleavage of Lignin C−O Bonds
Authors: Guo Haiwei , Zhang Bo , Li Changzhi , Peng Chang , Dai Tao , Xie Haibo , Wang Aiqin , Zhang Tao 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA remarkably effective method for the chemoselective cleavage of the C−O bonds of typical β‐O‐4 model compounds and the deconstruction of lignin feedstock was developed by using tungsten carbide as the catalyst. High yields of C−O cleavage products (up to 96.8 %) from model compounds and liquid oils (up to 70.7 %) from lignin feedstock were obtained under low hydrogen pressure (0.69 MPa) in methanol. The conversion efficiency was determined to a large extent by solvent effects and was also affected by both the electronic and steric effects of the lignin model compounds. In situ W2C/activated carbon (AC)‐catalyzed hydrogen transfer from methanol to the substrate was proposed to be responsible for the high performance in methanol solvent. The conversion of 2‐(2‐methoxyphenoxy)‐1‐phenylethanol showed that the catalyst could be reused five times without a significant loss in activity for C−O bond cleavage, whereas the selectivity to value‐added styrene increased markedly owing to partial oxidation of the W2C phase according to X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy characterization. 2 D‐HSQC‐NMR spectroscopy analysis showed that W2C/AC exhibited high activity not only for β‐O‐4 cleavage but also for the deconstruction of more resistant α‐O‐4 and β‐β linkages, so that a high yield of liquid oil was obtained from lignin. Corn stalk lignin was more liable to be depolymerized than birch lignin owing to its loosened structure (scanning electron microscopy results), larger surface area (BET results), and lower molecular weight (gel‐permeation chromatography results), whereas its liquid oil composition was more complicated than that of birch wood lignin in that the former lignin contained more p‐hydroxyphenyl units and the former contained noncanonical units.
Bio‐Electrocatalytic Application of Microorganisms for Carbon Dioxide Reduction to Methane
Authors: Schlager Stefanie , Haberbauer Marianne , Fuchsbauer Anita , Hemmelmair Christine , Dumitru Liviu Mihai , Hinterberger Gabriele , Neugebauer Helmut , Sariciftci Niyazi Serdar 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe present a study on a microbial electrolysis cell with methanogenic microorganisms adapted to reduce CO2 to CH4 with the direct injection of electrons and without the artificial addition of H2 or an additional carbon source except gaseous CO2. This is a new approach in comparison to previous work in which both bicarbonate and gaseous CO2 served as the carbon source. The methanogens used are known to perform well in anaerobic reactors and metabolize H2 and CO2 to CH4 and water. This study shows the biofilm formation of those microorganisms on a carbon felt electrode and the long‐term performance for CO2 reduction to CH4 using direct electrochemical reduction. CO2 reduction is performed simply by electron uptake with gaseous CO2 as the sole carbon source in a defined medium. This “electrometabolism” in such microbial electrolysis cells depends strongly on the potential applied as well as on the environmental conditions. We investigated the performance using different adaption mechanisms and a constant potential of −700 mV vs. Ag/AgCl for CH4 generation at 30–35 °C. The experiments were performed by using two‐compartment electrochemical cells. Production rates with Faradaic efficiencies of around 22 % were observed.
Selective Oxidative Esterification from Two Different Alcohols via Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Yi Hong , Hu Xia , Bian Changliang , Lei Aiwen 
Published: October 2016

AbstractEsters functionalities are important building blocks that are extensively used in the chemical industry and academic laboratories. Direct oxidative esterification from easy‐available alcohols to esters would be a much more appealing approach, especially using O2 as terminal oxidant. Inputting external energy by photocatalysis for dioxygen activation, a mild and simple method for ester synthesis from two different alcohols has been achieved in this work. This reaction is performed under neutral conditions using O2 as the terminal oxidant. A variety of primary alcohols, especially long chain alcohols and secondary alcohols are tolerated in this system.
The effects of demographic stochasticity and parameter uncertainty on predicting the establishment of introduced species
Authors: Palamara Gian Marco , Carrara Francesco , Smith Matthew J. , Petchey Owen L. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractInvasive species are a serious threat to biodiversity worldwide and predicting whether an introduced species will first establish and then become invasive can be useful to preserve ecosystem services. Establishment is influenced by multiple factors, such as the interactions between the introduced individuals and the resident community, and demographic and environmental stochasticity. Field observations are often incomplete or biased. This, together with an imperfect knowledge of the ecological traits of the introduced species, makes the prediction of establishment challenging. Methods that consider the combined effects of these factors on our ability to predict the establishment of an introduced species are currently lacking. We develop an inference framework to assess the combined effects of demographic stochasticity and parameter uncertainty on our ability to predict the probability of establishment following the introduction of a small number of individuals. We find that even moderate levels of demographic stochasticity influence both the probability of establishment, and, crucially, our ability to correctly predict that probability. We also find that estimation of the demographic parameters of an introduced species is fundamental to obtain precise estimates of the interaction parameters. For typical values of demographic stochasticity, the drop in our ability to predict an establishment can be 30% when having priors on the demographic parameters compared to having their accurate values. The results from our study illustrate how demographic stochasticity may bias the prediction of the probability of establishment. Our method can be applied to estimate probability of establishment of introduced species in field scenarios, where time series data and prior information on the demographic traits of the introduced species are available.