bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived barriers to and drivers of community participation in protected‐area governance
Authors: Ward Caroline , Holmes George , Stringer Lindsay 
Published: August 2017

AbstractProtected areas (PAs) are a frequently used conservation strategy, yet their socioeconomic impacts on local communities remain contentious. A shift toward increased participation by local communities in PA governance seeks to deliver benefits for human well‐being and biodiversity. Although participation is considered critical to the success of PAs, few researchers have investigated individuals’ decisions to participate and what this means for how local people experience the costs and benefits of conservation. We explored who participates in PA governance associations and why; the perceived benefits and costs to participation; and how costs and benefits are distributed within and between communities. Methods included 3 focus groups, 37 interviews, and 217 questionnaire surveys conducted in 3 communities and other stakeholders (e.g., employees of a nongovernmental organization and government officials) in PA governance in Madagascar. Our study design was grounded in the theory of planned behavior (TPB), the most commonly applied behavior model in social psychology. Participation in PA governance was limited by miscommunication and lack of knowledge about who could get involved and how. Respondents perceived limited benefits and high costs and uneven distribution of these within and between communities. Men, poorer households, and people in remote villages reported the highest costs. Our findings illustrate challenges related to comanagement of PAs: understanding the heterogeneous nature of communities; ensuring all households are represented in governance participation; understanding differences in the meaning of forest protection; and targeting interventions to reach households most in need to avoid elite capture.
Interrater reliability of two gait performance measures in children with neuromotor disorders across two different settings
Authors: Ammann‐Reiffer Corinne , Bastiaenen Caroline H G , de Bie Rob A , van Hedel Hubertus J A 
Published: August 2017

AimTo examine the interrater agreement of the two gait performance measures – the Functional Mobility Scale (FMS) and Gillette Functional Assessment Questionnaire – walking scale (FAQ) – within health professionals and parents in children with neuromotor disorders, measured in an inpatient setting and at home.MethodSeventy‐one children with a neuromotor diagnosis (44 males, 27 females; median age 12y 11mo [interquartile range 4y–10mo]) were consecutively recruited when starting an inpatient active gait rehabilitation programme. Physiotherapists and nurses independently scored the level of children's gait performance with the FMS and the FAQ, while parents’ scores regarding the children's gait performance at home were obtained by interview or telephone call at the same measurement points.ResultsLinear weighted kappa coefficients were substantial to almost perfect for all comparisons. Kappa coefficients ranged from 0.62 to 0.85 for the FMS‐5, from 0.79 to 0.92 for the FMS‐50, from 0.83 to 0.90 for the FMS‐500, and from 0.69 to 0.77 for the FAQ. Friedman tests did not reveal significant differences between the different rater groups.InterpretationThe unexpectedly high level of interrater agreement between parents, physiotherapists, and nurses demonstrates that the FMS and FAQ can reliably assess gait performance in an inpatient setting. Inpatient scores correspond well to the children's performance in their usual environment.What this paper adds

The Functional Mobility Scale and Gillette Functional Assessment Questionnaire – walking scale measure gait performance reliably at home and in an inpatient setting.

Physiotherapists, nurses, and parents reliably score gait performance.

Inpatient gait performance scores correspond well to children's performance at home.

Physiotherapists and nurses in an inpatient setting can reliably estimate gait performance at home.
Shoal sex composition affects exploration in the Mediterranean killifish
Authors: Lucon‐Xiccato Tyrone , Griggio Matteo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAs a consequence of sexual selection, males and females may exhibit wide behavioural differences, for example, spatial behaviour. In fish, the two sexes often show different exploratory tendencies. This sex difference has been usually studied by testing individual fish. As many fish species live in social groups with different sex composition, the aforementioned approach might not picture the natural variation of the exploratory behaviour expressed by males and females. Here, we observed shoals of four Mediterranean killifish,Aphanius fasciatus, with three different sex compositions (4 females, 4 males, or 2 females and 2 males) during the exploration of a novel environment. Sex composition of the shoals did not predict the latency to emerge from a shelter into the novel environment. However, once emerged, shoals composed by four males displayed reduced exploratory behaviour compared to 4‐female and mixed‐sex shoals. These results indicated that sex differences in exploration subsist also at group level and highlighted the importance of sex composition in determining the behaviour of the entire shoal.
Negative impact of urban noise on sexual receptivity and clutch size in female domestic canaries
Authors: Huet des Aunay Guillaume , Grenna Marco , Slabbekoorn Hans , Nicolas Pierre , Nagle Laurent , Leboucher Gérard , Malacarne Giorgio , Draganoiu Tudor I. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn oscines, male song stimulates female reproduction and females are known to adjust both their sexual preferences and their maternal investment according to song quality. Female domestic canaries are especially responsive to wide frequency bandwidth (4 kHz) male songs emitted with a high‐repetition syllable rate and low minimal frequencies (1 kHz). We previously showed that low‐frequency urban noise decreases female sexual responsiveness for these low‐frequency songs (1–5 kHz) through auditory masking. Based on the differential allocation hypothesis, we predicted that urban noise exposure will equally affect female maternal investment. Using a crossover design, we broadcast low‐frequency songs to females either in an overlapping noise condition or in an alternating noise condition. Females decreased both their sexual responsiveness and their clutch size in the overlapping noise treatment relative to the alternative noise treatment. No differences were found concerning egg size or egg composition (yolk and albumen mass, testosterone concentration). Due to our experimental design, we can exclude a general impact of noisy conditions and thereby provide evidence for a detrimental effect through masking on avian courtship and reproductive output. These results suggest that noisy conditions may also affect avian communication in outdoor conditions, which may partly explain field reports on noise‐dependent breeding success and reduced breeding densities at noisy sites.
Development and clinical evaluation of a new sensor design for buccal pulse oximetry in horses
Authors: Reiners J. K. , Rossdeutscher W. , Hopster K. , Kästner S. B. R. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryBackgroundThe use of pulse oximetry in horses is limited due to inadequate readings with conventional transmission sensor probes.ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to 1) develop an improved sensor design for horses to be used at an appropriate anatomical site, and 2) evaluate this design in an experimental study.Study designIn vivo experiment.MethodsA new sensor design for reflectance pulse oximetry at the buccal mucosa was developed. A conventional Nonin 2000SL sensor for transmission pulse oximetry was included into this design. Three different prototypes (N1, N2a, N2b) were constructed and used with the Nonin 2500A Vet pulse oximetry monitor. Thirteen anaesthetised warmblood horses were included into a desaturation protocol (100–70% SaO2). SpO2 and pulse frequency values were recorded, using SaO2 calculated from blood gas analysis and invasive pulse frequency measurements as reference methods. Bias and precision were evaluated by calculations of the root mean square deviation (Arms). The agreement of the methods was tested with Bland‐Altman analysis.ResultsThe quality of the pulse frequency readings determined the quality of the SpO2‐readings. Good pulse signal strength resulted in a SpO2‐accuracy comparable to that of the original sensor (Nonin 2000SL: Arms = 3%; N1: Arms = 3.60%; N2b: Arms = 3.46%). Especially at heart rates ≤30 bpm, pulse rate readings that were about twice as high as the reference value occurred. Their exclusion from the dataset resulted in a pulse rate accuracy similar to that of the original sensor. Bland‐Altman plots showed limits of agreement typical of pulse oximeters.Main limitationsThe pulse frequency accuracy requires further improvement. The usability in clinical cases needs to be tested.ConclusionsThe new sensor design has been shown to be suitable for buccal pulse oximetry in horses.
The Planning, Implementation, and Assessment of an International Internship Program: An Exploratory Case Study
Authors: Wu Shu‐Ling 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis exploratory case study reported the planning, implementation, and assessment of an international internship undertaken in a Taiwanese company by an American university student who was operating independently abroad. The model required the student to establish learning objectives, self‐assess language use and learning strategies, and engage in critical reflection. Weekly oral journals and pre/post language proficiency test results revealed substantial progress in Chinese linguistic skills and deeper professional knowledge.
Streambed scour of salmon spawning habitat in a regulated river influenced by management of peak discharge
Authors: Gendaszek Andrew S. , Burton Karl , Magirl Christopher S. , Konrad Christopher P. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

In the Pacific Northwest of the United States, salmon eggs incubating within streambed gravels are susceptible to scour during floods. The threat to egg‐to‐fry survival by streambed scour is mitigated, in part, by the adaptation of salmon to bury their eggs below the typical depth of scour. In regulated rivers globally, we suggest that water managers consider the effect of dam operations on scour and its impacts on species dependent on benthic habitats.

We instrumented salmon‐spawning habitat with accelerometer scour monitors (ASMs) at 73 locations in 11 reaches of the Cedar River in western Washington State of the United States from Autumn 2013 through the Spring of 2014. The timing of scour was related to the discharge measured at a nearby gage and compared to previously published ASM data at 26 locations in two reaches of the Cedar River collected between Autumn 2010 and Spring 2011.

Thirteen percent of the recovered ASMs recorded scour during a peak‐discharge event in March 2014 (2‐to 3‐year recurrence interval) compared to 71% of the recovered ASMs during a higher peak‐discharge event in January 2011 (10‐year recurrence interval). Of the 23 locations where ASMs recorded scour during the 2011 and 2014 deployments, 35% had scour when the discharge was ≤87.3 m3/s (3,082 ft3/s) (2‐year recurrence interval discharge) with 13% recording scour at or below the 62.3 m3/s (2,200 ft3/s) operational threshold for peak‐discharge management during the incubation of salmon eggs.

Scour to the depth of salmon egg pockets was limited during peak discharges with frequent (1.25‐year or less) recurrence intervals, which managers can regulate through dam operations on the Cedar River. Pairing novel measurements of the timing of streambed scour with discharge data allows the development of peak‐discharge management strategies that protect salmon eggs incubating within streambed gravels during floods.
Agriculture erases climate‐driven β‐diversity in Neotropical bird communities
Authors: Karp Daniel S. , Frishkoff Luke O. , Echeverri Alejandra , Zook Jim , Juárez Pedro , Chan Kai M. A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractEarth is experiencing multiple global changes that will, together, determine the fate of many species. Yet, how biological communities respond to concurrent stressors at local‐to‐regional scales remains largely unknown. In particular, understanding how local habitat conversion interacts with regional climate change to shape patterns in β‐diversity—differences among sites in their species compositions—is critical to forecast communities in the Anthropocene. Here, we study patterns in bird β‐diversity across land‐use and precipitation gradients in Costa Rica. We mapped forest cover, modeled regional precipitation, and collected data on bird community composition, vegetation structure, and tree diversity across 120 sites on 20 farms to answer three questions. First, do bird communities respond more strongly to changes in land use or climate in northwest Costa Rica? Second, does habitat conversion eliminate β‐diversity across climate gradients? Third, does regional climate control how communities respond to habitat conversion and, if so, how? After correcting for imperfect detection, we found that local land‐use determined community shifts along the climate gradient. In forests, bird communities were distinct between sites that differed in vegetation structure or precipitation. In agriculture, however, vegetation structure was more uniform, contributing to 7%–11% less bird turnover than in forests. In addition, bird responses to agriculture and climate were linked: agricultural communities across the precipitation gradient shared more species with dry than wet forest communities. These findings suggest that habitat conversion and anticipated climate drying will act together to exacerbate biotic homogenization.
Reinforcement of barrier function and scalp homeostasis by Senkyunolide A to fight against dandruff
Authors: Mondon P. , Ringenbach C. , Doridot E. , Genet V. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveSenkyunolide‐A (SENKY) can be isolated from Apium graveolens seed oil obtained using supercritical CO2 extraction. SENKY and its parent compounds, the N‐butyl phthalides, have been demonstrated to protect cells from CO poisoning, to prevent diabetes mellitus and to decrease cancer cell proliferation. This study was undertaken to evaluate in vitro and in vivo the effect of SENKY on epidermal function improvement, Malassezia effect control, scalp soothing and dandruff reduction via skin protection‐related pathways.MethodsDNA‐array and proteomic studies were performed on human keratinocytes, sebocytes and skin explants to demonstrate SENKY activities. Two clinical evaluations were performed under dermatologist control on 106 volunteers, with greasy or dry scalp, experiencing dandruff, itching and redness. Volunteers tested a shampoo followed, or not, by a leave‐on, containing SENKY, or their placebos. Dandruff severity and redness were scored on the scalp. Moisturization and sebum release were recorded using relevant measuring apparatus. Itching and scratching evaluations came from volunteers’ self‐declarations.ResultsDNA‐array studies on keratinocytes showed a clear regulation of skin barrier functions and epidermis defence pathways. Upregulation of epidermal differentiation complex genes was observed. These preliminary observations were reinforced by immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry studies showing a significant increase of involucrin, filaggrin, loricrin, SPRR, LC3B and ceramide 2 productions. Tight‐junctions and corneodesmosomes were significantly reinforced both in keratinocyte cultures (corneodesmosin, claudin, ZO‐1) and in skin explants (desmoglein). DNA‐array studies also demonstrated upregulation of genes involved in detoxification and anti‐inflammation pathways. Proteomic studies revealed that hBD2 production was increased in keratinocytes in contact with SENKY, whereas IL‐8, PGE‐2 and TLR‐9 releases were repressed as well as sebocyte lipid production. Clinical evaluations confirmed that after 3 weeks, SENKY significantly reduced dandruff intensity, redness, itching and scalp histamine content compared to placebo and beginning of treatment.ConclusionFor the first time, SENKY has been shown to promote scalp homoeostasis by reinforcing barrier and defence functions at both gene and protein levels. It reduces irritation and redness in promoting detoxification and anti‐inflammation pathways while controlling the niche of Malassezia. Applied on scalp, SENKY significantly reduces the formation of dandruff and soothes the scalp.
The Petroleum Driver Passport scheme: a case study in reregulation
Authors: Heery Edmund , Gooberman Leon , Hauptmeier Marco 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe Petroleum Driver Passport is an example of the reregulation of the labour market, the development of employment rules that apply across multiple employers in a given industry, occupation or region. The scheme requires drivers of road tankers to possess a Passport, indicating their safety competence, if they are to collect and transport fuel in the UK's downstream oil‐distribution industry. This article presents a case study of the Passport scheme, which identifies the factors that contributed to the scheme's development, assesses its impact and draws lessons for other possible initiatives to reregulate the labour market.
Stellate ganglion blockade for the treatment of refractory ventricular arrhythmias: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Fudim Marat , Boortz‐Marx Richard , Ganesh Arun , Waldron Nathan H. , Qadri Yawar J. , Patel Chetan B. , Milano Carmelo A. , Sun Albert Y. , Mathew Joseph P. , Piccini Jonathan P. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIntroductionTreatment refractory ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) are often driven and exacerbated by heightened sympathetic tone. We aim to conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis of published studies of a temporary percutaneous stellate ganglion block (SGB) on VA burden and defibrillation episodes in patients with treatment refractory VAs.MethodsRelevant studies from January 1960 through May 2017 were identified in PubMed and Google Scholar. We performed a patient‐level analysis using Student's t‐test to compare outcomes before and after SGB.ResultsWe identified 22 unique case series with a total of 35 patients. Patients were 57 ± 17 years old and 69% were males with a high burden of VA. A unilateral (left)‐sided SGB was used in 85.7% (30 of 35) of cases and the remaining were bilateral SGB. The use of a unilateral or bilateral SGB resulted in a significant reduction of VA episodes (24‐hours pre: mean 16.5 [CI 9.7–23.1] events vs. post: mean 1.4 [CI 0.85–2.01] events; P = 0.0002) and need for defibrillation (24‐hours pre: mean 14.2 [CI 6.8–21.6] vs. post: mean 0.6 [CI 0.3–0.9]; P = 0.0026). Furthermore, SGB was significantly associated with a reduction of VA burden regardless of etiology of cardiomyopathy, type of ventricular rhythm, and degree of contractile dysfunction. SGB was followed by surgical sympathectomy in 21% of cases.ConclusionsEarly experience suggests that SGB is associated with an acute reduction in the VA burden and offers potential promise for a broader use in high‐risk populations. Randomized controlled studies are needed to confirm the safety and efficacy of this therapy.
Impaired periodontium and temporomandibular joints in tumour necrosis factor‐α transgenic mice
Authors: Dobsak Toni , Heimel Patrick , Tangl Stefan , Schwarze Uwe Y. , Schett Georg , Gruber Reinhard 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimTumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α is a pathological factor causing the characteristic symptoms of periodontal disease and rheumatoid arthritis. In this study, we describe the phenotypes of human TNF‐α transgenic mice (hTNFtg) with respect to their periodontium and the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).Material and methodsPeriodontal structures, TMJ and skull shape of hTNFtg mice and wild‐type (WT) littermates were assessed by microcomputed tomography, automated segmentation, geometric morphometrics and histologic ground sections.ResultsWe show that hTNFtg mice have an eroded lamina dura and reduced periodontal ligament space compared to (WT) littermates. Transgenic mice further exhibit severe destruction of the TMJ. Geometric morphometrics revealed that hTNFtg mice have a more laterally positioned TMJ with a concomitantly enlarged zygomatic process. Mandibular and maxillary teeth occluded properly.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that chronic inflammation in hTNFtg mice causes destructive changes of the periodontium and the TMJ.
The core planar cell polarity gene, Vangl2, maintains apical‐basal organisation of the corneal epithelium
Authors: Panzica D. Alessio , Findlay Amy S. , van Ladesteijn Rianne , Collinson J. Martin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe role of the core planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway protein, Vangl2, was investigated in the corneal epithelium of the mammalian eye, a paradigm anatomical model of planar cell migration. The gene was conditionally knocked out in vivo and knocked down by siRNA, followed by immunohistochemical, behavioural and morphological analysis of corneal epithelial cells. The primary defects observed in vivo were of apical‐basal organisation of the corneal epithelium, with abnormal stratification throughout life, mislocalisation of the cell membrane protein, Scribble, to the basal side of cells, and partial loss of the epithelial basement membrane. Planar defects in migration after wounding and in the presence of an applied electric field were noted. However, knockdown of Vangl2 also retarded cell migration in individual cells that had no contact with their neighbours, which precluded a classic PCP mechanism. It is concluded that some of the planar polarity phenotypes in PCP mutants may arise from disruption of apical‐basal polarity.
3‐D range of motion envelopes reveal interacting degrees of freedom in avian hind limb joints
Authors: Kambic Robert E. , Roberts Thomas J. , Gatesy Stephen M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMeasuring range of motion (ROM) is a valuable technique that can link bone morphology to joint function in both extant and extinct taxa.ROMresults are commonly presented as tables or graphs of maxima and minima for each rotational degree of freedom. We investigate the interactions among three degrees of freedom using X‐ray reconstruction of moving morphology (XROMM) to measureROMof the main hind limb joints of Helmeted Guineafowl (Numida meleagris). By plotting each rotation on an axis, we generate three‐dimensionalROMvolumes or envelopes composed of hundreds of extreme joint positions for the hip, knee, and intertarsal joints. We find that the shapes ofROMvolumes can be quite complex, and that the contribution of long‐axis rotation is often substantial. Plottingin vivoposes from individual birds executing different behaviors shows varying use of potential rotational combinations within theirROMenvelopes.XROMMcan provide unprecedented high‐resolution data on the spatial relationship of skeletal elements and thereby illuminate/elucidate the complex ways in which soft and hard tissues interact to produce functional joints. In joints with three rotational degrees of freedom, two‐dimensional representations ofROM(flexion/extension and abduction/adduction) are incomplete.