bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use Effects on the Reflection of Macro Textured Surfaces
Authors: Ixtaina P. A , Armas A. , Bannert B. , Marin G.H. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The emergence of led luminaries in street lighting has modified traditional design guidelines. The highest led energy efficiency allows keeping suitable lighting levels with less installed power. Thus, the present design line of a street lighting installation is closely related to the technological change: kind of led to be used, suitable lens, efficacy relationship regarding high pressure sodium, light colour temperature, spectrum. The “impact” associated to with led conversion relegates main aspects of street designs: effect of road reflective properties and installation depreciation. The wear produced by traffic, as well as the environmental conditions gradually modifies the road reflection matrix. In a street lighting installation, this change alters the luminance arrangement on the road together with the perception conditions. This phenomenon is a determining factor within the global concept of depreciation affecting lighting systems in general and also street lighting installations designed by the Luminance Technique. In the present work changes, due to use, in the shape of street reflection matrices of Argentinean highways are analyzed. The analyzed r-tables were obtained through “in-situ” measurements, with road reflectometer. A first group corresponds to the initial conditions of macro textured roads which were measured in the period 2001/2003. The second studied set contains r-tables of the same type, and according to its use the surfaces can be considered in steady state, assessed between 2005 and 2009. The study provides information about the shape of matrixes and its alteration, specularity and scale factor, relating such parameters with the possible effects on the resulting lighting.
The Influence of Zenith Tropospheric Delay on PPP-RTK
Authors: Nistor S. , Buda A.S. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The PPP technique is more and more used in different GPS precise application. The PPP precision is related to many factors and the most important are: the number of satellites, the ambiguity resolution, the ability to model the ionospheric and tropospheric delays, solid earth and ocean tides, relativistic effects and antenna phase-center offsets and variations. The article is studying the effect of the zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) using the GPT2 model and then computing in static mode the ZTD, which is than applied on PPP-RTK method. An analysis on dual frequency ionospheric–free phase combination (LC) and dual frequency ionospheric–free range combination (PC) was made in the first stage and then comparing the two solutions relative to the nominal position. The results revealed the fact that by using the ZTD determined in static mode in the detriment of ZTD from GPT2 model, the results are improving on North, East and Up position components. Also lower RMS was obtain when we used the ZTD from static mode comparative to the GPT2 model.
Software requirements for the control systems according to the level of functional safety
Authors: Gabriška D. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The article describes the main requirements of the software subsystems management development. Standard IEC 61508-3 provides an overview at all stages of the life cycle of all security systems, including E/E/PE of a security system from initial concept, design, and implementation to operation maintenance. In this paper we analyzed set out requirements for the drafting of a software architecture that is consistent with the hardware architecture while meeting specified requirements for software safety.
Ratio-cum-product estimation in presence of non-response in successive sampling
Authors: García luengo A. V. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The problem of estimating the finite population mean on the samples selected over two occasions has been considered, when there is non-response (i) on both the occasions, (ii) only on the second occasion for both matched and unmatched portions of the sample, and (iii) only on the second occasion for unmatched portion of the sample. For the case when two auxiliary variables are positively and negatively correlated with the study variable, a double sampling ratio-cum-product estimate from the matched portion of the sample is presented. Expressions for optimum matching fraction and of the combined estimate have been derived. The gain in efficiency, the sample sizes and the cost function of the combined estimators over the direct estimate using no information gathered on the first occasion is computed. The comparison between the proposed strategy with other estimators is also carried out. An empirical study is also included for illustration.
The Thompson chain of subgroups of\break the Conway~group Co1 and complete graphs on ${n}$~vertices
Authors: Curtis Robert T. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The large Conway simple group

Co
1

${{\rm Co}_{1}}$

contains a copy of the alternating group

A
9

${{\rm A}_{9}}$

and
thus contains a nested sequence

A
3

≤

A
4

≤
…
≤

A
9

${{\rm A}_{3}\leq{\rm A}_{4}\leq\dots\leq{\rm A}_{9}}$

. Shortly after

Co
1

${{\rm Co}_{1}}$

was discovered, J. G. Thompson recognised that the normalizer of each of the groups in this sequence
(apart from that of

A
8

${{\rm A}_{8}}$

) is maximal in

Co
1

${{\rm Co}_{1}}$

and the resulting collection of subgroups

3
⁢

⁢

Suz

:
2

$3\mathord{{}^{\;\textstyle{\cdot}}}{\rm Suz\,{:}\,2}$

,

(

A
4

×

G
2

⁢

(
4
)

)

:
2

$({\rm A}_{4}\times{\rm G}_{2}(4))\,{:}\,2$

,

(

A
5

×
HJ

)

:
2

$({\rm A}_{5}\times{\rm HJ})\,{:}\,2$

,

(

A
6

×

U
3

⁢

(
3
)

)

:
2

$({\rm A}_{6}\times{\rm U}_{3}({3}))\,{:}\,2$

,

(

A
7

×

L
2

⁢

(
7
)

)

:
2

$({\rm A}_{7}\times{\rm L}_{2}({7}))\,{:}\,2$

,

A
8

×

S
4

${\rm A}_{8}\times{\rm S}_{4}$

,

A
9

×

S
3

${\rm A}_{9}\times{\rm S}_{3}$

is now known as the Thompson chain, where Suz denotes the Suzuki simple group and HJ denotes the
Hall–Janko group.
Remarkably, we can start at the other end in the sense that if we consider

U
3

⁢

(
3
)

${{\rm U}_{3}({3})}$

in a certain way, we
obtain a construction which
produces each of the groups

U
3

⁢

(
3
)

:
2

${\rm U}_{3}({3})\,{:}\,2$

,

HJ

:
2

${\rm HJ}\,{:}\,2$

,

G
2

⁢

(
4
)

:
2

${\rm G}_{2}(4)\,{:}\,2$

,

3
⁢

⁢

Suz

:
2

$3\mathord{{}^{\;\textstyle{\cdot}}}{\rm Suz}\,{:}\,2$

,

2
×

Co
1

$2\times{\rm Co}_{1}$

spontaneously. Indeed, a presentation containing a parameter n is given which, for

n
=

4
,
5
,
6
,
7

${n=4,5,6,7}$

, defines
each of the above groups; n appears just twice in the presentation.
Specifically, we associate with each directed edge ij of

K
n

${{\rm K}_{n}}$

(the complete graph on n vertices)
an element

t

i
⁢
j

${t_{ij}}$

of order 7 in some group G, where

t

j
⁢
i

=

t

i
⁢
j

-
1

${t_{ji}=t_{ij}^{-1}}$

. We insist that G possesses
automorphisms corresponding to the symmetric group permuting the n vertices of our

K
n

${{\rm K}_{n}}$

, and in addition
an automorphism which squares each of the

t

i
⁢
j

${t_{ij}}$

. If we now factor by a relation which ensures that a triangle
generates

U
3

⁢

(
3
)

${{\rm U}_{3}({3})}$

, then a

K
4

${{\rm K}_{4}}$

generates HJ, a

K
5

${{\rm K}_{5}}$

generates

G
2

⁢

(
4
)

${{\rm G}_{2}(4)}$

, a

K
6

${{\rm K}_{6}}$

generates

3
⁢

⁢
Suz

${3\mathord{{}^{\;\textstyle{\cdot}}}{\rm Suz}}$

and a

K
7

${{\rm K}_{7}}$

generates

Co
1

${{\rm Co}_{1}}$

. What happens for

n
≥
8

${n\geq 8}$

is explained
fully in the text.
Thus this is not simply a sequence of nested subgroups in a larger group, but a finite family of closely-related
perfect groups.
Molecular identification of pathogenic Fusarium species, the causal agents of tomato wilt in western Iran
Authors: Chehri Khosrow 
Published: June 2016

AbstractFusarium species are causal agents of fungal diseases occurring frequently in numerous agriculturally important plants, including potato, garlic and are one of the common pathogens of tomato, causing root rot in the west part of Iran. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to isolate and identify disease-causing Fusarium species from infected tomatoes based on the morphological and molecular characteristics. Twenty-five isolates of Fusarium were obtained from infected root of tomato plants collected from the fields in different regions of western Iran. Based on morphological features, the strains were classified into four following Fusarium species: F. oxysporum, F. redolens, F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides. The phylogenetic trees based on tef1 and tub2 dataset clearly distinguished closely related species. All of the isolates were evaluated for their pathogenicity on healthy tomato seedlings in the greenhouse. This is the first report on molecular identification of Fusarium species isolated from tomato plants cultivated in Iran.
Efficacy of weed control for opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) with a mixture of tembotrione and fluroxypyr
Authors: Wójtowicz Marek , Wójtowicz Andrzej , Wielebski Franciszek 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The study was carried out in the years 2013 and 2014 at the Łagiewniki farm to determine the effect of some herbicides on the yield and development of two opium poppy cultivars: ‘Lazur’ - with high morphine content, and ‘Borowski Biały’ - with low morphine content. The development and yield of the poppy was a derivative of environmental and agronomic conditions. The mixture of tembotrione and fluroxypyr applied post-emergence at a rate of 88 and 75 g a.i. · ha−1, respectively, effectively controlled most weeds which are harmful for the poppy and did not phytotoxically affect opium poppy plants. The level of yield also depended on the cultivar’s ability to grow under unfavourable weather conditions. A lower yield was noted for the cultivar with a lower content of morphine - ‘Borowski Biały’.
Crystal structure of 1-(adamantan-1-yl)-3-(4-bromophenyl)thiourea, C17H21BrN2S
Authors: Al-Omary Fatmah A. M. , Al-Rasheed Lamees S. , Ghabbour Hazem A. , El-Emam Ali A. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
C17H21BrN2S, orthorhombic, Pbca (No. 61), a = 17.0675(7) Å, b = 8.3422(3) Å, c = 22.5970(8) Å, V = 3217.4(2) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt
(F) = 0.0329, wR
ref
(F
2) = 0.0724, T = 100 K.
How to Describe and Measure Obstacles of Narrative Immersion in a Film?
Authors: Bjørner Thomas , Magnusson Andreas , Nielsen Robin Pascal 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The aim of this study is to describe and measure obstacles of narrative immersion in a film. Inspired by a literature review within both game research and film studies, we propose a circular model to describe the dynamic process of different levels of involvement viewers can be in while watching a film. The evaluation is based on a 3D animation short film we have developed to achieve total immersion among viewers. The methodological design involved an attempt to decrease viewers’ involvement in the animation film by using distractions during the viewing. The study follows a mixed method strategy combining observation, a questionnaire and a structured interview. The results revealed that viewers react very differently to the distractions. For some viewers, the animation film was not the perceptual focus, where others were totally immersed. The number of distractions was not dependent on whether the film was watched individually or in groups, and for all participants, the distractions occurred in certain rhythms.
Magnetic nanoparticles: mechanistic studies on the cancer cell interaction
Authors: Jacob Joe Antony , Salmani Jumah Masoud Mohammad , Chen Baoan 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles are renowned for their anticancer activity. Recent studies have elucidated that magnetic nanoparticles induce cytotoxicity by induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. The magnetic nanoparticles can also be biosynthesized, and this presents an added advantage along with the concept of limited toxicity to normal cells. This review focuses on the mechanistic studies performed on the anticancer activity of different types of magnetic nanoparticles. Apoptosis was shown to be the most plausible reason behind the cell death mediated by various types of magnetic nanoparticles.
Applicability of the dielectric barrier discharge for helium ash measurements in the divertor region
Authors: Książek Ireneusz , Brosławski Andrzej , Janus Henryk , Pawelec Ewa 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Controlled fusion based on the magnetic confinement of the plasma is one of the main aims of the Euro-fusion programme. In the fusion device, the hydrogen isotopes, in nuclear reactions, will produce helium nuclei. The products, as the ash, will be removed from the plasma in the region of the so-called divertor. Controlling the helium to hydrogen ratio in this ‘exhaust gas’ will provide information about the efficiency of the fusion process as well as of the efficiency of the helium removal system. One of the methods to perform this task is to study the properties of the discharge conducted in such exhaust gas. In this paper, the applicability of the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) is studied. This preliminary experiment shows a great potential in applicability of this kind of discharge. The optical as well as pulse-height spectra were studied, both revealing very promising properties. In the optical spectrum, one can observe well separated hydrogen and helium spectral lines, with intensities of the same order of magnitude. Moreover, in the registered spectral region, the molecular spectra are negligible. The pulse-height spectra reveal very distinct shape in helium and hydrogen. Checking of this spectrum could provide parallel (redundant) information about the partial pressure of helium in the magnetic confinement fusion (MCF) device exhaust gas.
Self-similar solution of laser-produced plasma expansion into vacuum with kappa-distributed electrons
Authors: Bennaceur-Doumaz Djamila , Bara Djemai 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The expansion of semi-infinite laser produced plasma into vacuum is analyzed with a hydrodynamic model for cold ions assuming electrons modeled by a kappa-type distribution. Self-similar analytic expressions for the potential, velocity, and density of the plasma have been derived. It is shown that nonthermal energetic electrons have the role of accelerating the self-similar expansion.
Thermodynamic and dynamical properties of dense ICF plasma
Authors: Gabdullin Maratbek T. , Kodanova Sandugash K. , Ramazanov Tlekkabul S. , Issanova Moldir K. , Ismagambetova Tomiris N. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In present work, thermodynamic expressions were obtained through potentials that took into consideration long-range many-particle screening effects as well as short-range quantum-mechanical effects and radial distribution functions (RDFs). Stopping power of the projectile ions in dense, non-isothermal plasma was considered. One of the important values that describe the stopping power of the ions in plasma is the Coulomb logarithm. We investigated the stopping power of ions in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) plasma and other energetic characteristics of fuel. Calculations of ions energy losses in the plasma for different values of the temperature and plasma density were carried out. A comparison of the calculated data of ion stopping power and energy deposition with experimental and theoretical results of other authors was also performed.
Research on interactions of plasma streams with CFC targets in the Rod Plasma Injector facility
Authors: Zaloga Dobromil R. , Kwiatkowski Roch , Skladnik-Sadowska Elżbieta , Sadowski Marek J. , Nowakowska-Langier Katarzyna 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This paper present results of optical spectroscopy studies of interactions of intense plasma streams with a solid target made of carbon fibre composite (CFC). The experiments were carried out within the Rod Plasma Injector (RPI) IBIS facility. The optical measurements were performed first for a freely propagating plasma stream in order to determine the optimal operational parameters of this facility. Optical emission spectra (OES) were recorded for different operational modes of the RPI IBIS device, and spectral lines were identified originating from the working gas (deuterium) as well as some lines from the electrode material (molybdenum). Subsequently, optical measurements of plasma interacting with the CFC target were performed. In the optical spectra recorded with the irradiated CFC samples, in addition to deuterium and molybdenum lines, many carbon lines, which enabled to estimate erosion of the investigated targets, were recorded. In order to study changes in the irradiated CFC samples, their surfaces were analysed (before and after several plasma discharges) by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. The analysis of the obtained SEM images showed that the plasma irradiation induces noticeable changes in the surface morphology, for example vaporisation of some carbon fibres and formation of microcracks. The obtained EDS images showed that upon the irradiated target surface, some impurity ions are also deposited, particularly molybdenum ions from the applied electrodes.
Non-self-sustained discharge with hollow anode for plasma-based surface treatment
Authors: Misiruk Ivan O. , Timoshenko Oleksandr I. , Taran Valeriy S. , Garkusha Igor E. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The paper discusses plasma methods for surface modification using the non-self-sustained glow discharge with a hollow anode. This discharge is characterised by low voltage and high values of electron and ion currents. It can be easily excited in vacuum-arc installations that are widely used for coatings deposition. It is shown that such type of discharge may be effectively used for ion pumping, film deposition, ion etching, diffusion saturation of metallic materials, fusion and brazing of metals, and for combined application of above mentioned technologies in a single vacuum cycle.
Investigation of the electron capture process in semiclassical plasma
Authors: Seisembayeva Madina M. , Dzhumagulova Karlygash N. , Ramazanov Tlekkabul S. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In this work, the process of electron capture in partially ionized plasma is considered. Electron-atom interaction was described by the effective interaction potential, which takes into account the screening effect at large distances and the diffraction effect at the small distances. The results of numerical calculations of the electron capture radius, differential cross-section for different values of the coupling and density parameters are presented. The differential cross-section was obtained on the basis of perturbation theory and also by solving of the equation of motion of the projectile electron.
Imaging of hypoxia in small animals with 18F fluoromisonidasole
Authors: Kilian Krzysztof , Rogulski Zbigniew , Cheda Łukasz , Drzał Agnieszka , Gerszewska Marina , Cudny Michał , Elas Martyna 
Published: June 2016

Abstract.
A method of automated synthesis of [18F]fluoromisonidazole ([18F]FMISO) for application in preclinical studies on small animals was presented. A remote-controlled synthesizer Synthra RNplus was used for nucleophilic substitution of NITTP (1′-(2′-nitro-1-imidazolyl)-2-O-tetrahydropyranyl-3-O-toluenesulfonyl-propanediol) with 18F anion. Labeling of 5 mg of precursor was performed in anhydrous acetonitrile at 100°C for 10 min, and the hydrolysis with HCl was performed at 100°C for 5 min. Final purification was done with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the radiochemical purity of radiotracer was higher than 99%. Proposed [18F]FMISO synthesis was used as a reliable tool in studies on hypoxia in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) in mouse models.
Lichens and lichenicolous fungi of Magurski National Park (Poland, Western Carpathians)
Authors: Bielczyk Urszula , Czarnota Paweł , Kukwa Martin , Śliwa Lucyna , Kościelniak Robert , Betleja Laura , Kozik Ryszard , Krzewicka Beata , Hachułka Mariusz , Adamska Edyta , Węgrzyn Michał , Bielec Dominika , Flakus Adam , Guzow-Krzemińska Beata , Kolanko Katarzyna , Kozik Joanna , Leśniański Grzegorz , Lisowska Maja , Oset Magdalena , Osyczka Piotr , Pietrzykowska-Urban Katarzyna , Sadowska-Deś Anna , Słaby Agnieszka , Studzińska-Sroka Elżbieta , Wilk Karina , Zaniewski Piotr T. , Zarabska-Bożejewicz Daria 
Published: June 2016

Abstract The paper lists 337 species from Magurski National Park (MNP): 314 lichens, 18 lichenicolous fungi, four saprotrophic fungi and one lichenicolous myxomycete; 112 of them are new for MNP, 75 are reported for the first time for the Beskid Niski Mts, and two are new for Poland. Selected species are accompanied by taxonomic notes and remarks on their distribution in Poland and other Carpathian ranges. First records of Intralichen lichenicola, Burgoa angulosa and Verrucaria policensis and a second record of Epigloea urosperma are given for the whole Carpathian range, and Fuscidea arboricola was recorded for the first time in the Western Carpathians. Halecania viridescens and Mycomicrothelia confusa are new for the Polish Carpathians. The records of Absconditella pauxilla, Collema crispum, Licea parasitica and Rinodina griseosoralifera in MNP are their second known localities for the range. 93 species, mainly rare or threatened in Poland, were reported from MNP in the 20th century but were not refound.
Calamagrostis nyingchiensis, a new combination for Deyeuxia nyingchiensis (Poaceae: Agrostidinae), and its first record from Yunnan Province, SW China
Authors: Paszko Beata 
Published: June 2016

Abstract Deyeuxia nyingchiensis is here recombined as Calamagrostis nyingchiensis comb. nov. as a result of recent studies of worldwide Agrostidinae. A new record of C. nyingchiensis is reported from Shangri-la (Zhongdian) County in Yunnan Province, SW China. Previously, C. nyingchiensis was noted from eastern Xizang and southern Sichuan, SW China. It is compared with the morphologically similar species C. scabrescens. A map with all known geographic records of C. nyingchiensis is presented.
A new species of Rodriguezia (Orchidaceae) from southern Colombia
Authors: Kolanowska Marta , Trejo Ramiro Medina 
Published: June 2016

Abstract A new species of Rodriguezia Ruiz & Pav. is described and illustrated based on material collected in Colombia. The novelty is distinguished by its subrectangular lip lamina, which is ornamented with an elevated pad extending to 3/4 of the lip. In contrast to R. lehmannii Rchb. f., in R. suarezii Kolan. & R. Medina Tr. leaf-bearing sheaths are observed at the base of its pseudobulb. An identification key for the Colombian Rodriguezia species is provided
UV-crosslinkable photoreactive self-adhesive hydrogels based on acrylics
Authors: Czech Zbigniew , Antosik Adrian K. , Bednarczyk Paulina 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Hydrogels are a unique class of macromolecular networks that can hold a large fraction of an aqueous solvent within their structure. They are suitable for biomedical area including controlled drug delivery and for technical applications as self-adhesive materials for bonding of wet surfaces. This paper describes photoreactive self-adhesive hydrogels based on acrylics crosslinked using UV radiation. They are prepared in ethyl acetate through radical polymerization of monomers mixture containing 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EHA), butyl acrylate (BA), acrylic acid (AA) and copolymerizable photoinitiator 4-acryloyloxy benzophenone (ABP) at presence of radical starter 2.2’-azobis-diisobutyronitrile AIBN. The synthesized acrylic copolymers were determined by viscosity and GPC analysis and later modified using ethoxylated amines. 4-acryloyloxy benzophenone (ABP) was used as crosslinking monomer. After UV crosslinking the properties of these novel synthesized hydrogels, such as tack, peel adhesion, shears strength, elongation and water adsorption were also studied.