bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Type 1 diabetes prevalence increasing globally and regionally: the role of natural selection and life expectancy at birth
Authors: You Wen-Peng , Henneberg Maciej 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivePrevalence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) disease is increasing worldwide. We aim to test correlation of T1D prevalence to the reduced natural selection measured by Biological State Index (Ibs).Research design and methodsCountry-speciﬁc estimates of T1D prevalence, life expectancy, obesity prevalence rate, urbanization rates, per capita sugars consumption and per capita gross domestic product (GDP) were obtained. Ibsand country-specific longevity (e50) increase for each country were self-calculated. These data were then matched to T1D prevalence by country for our ecological study among 118 countries. Countries were also grouped to study the associations in different regions. SPSS V.22 was used for correlation analysis.ResultsWorldwide, both Ibsand life expectancy at birth (Ibsproxy) were significantly correlated to T1D prevalence in Pearson r (r=0.713, p<0.001 and r=0.722, p<0.001, respectively) and Spearman's r (r=0.724, p<0.001 and r=0.689, p<0.001, respectively). T1D prevalence was not correlated to longevity increase measured as life expectancy at 50 years old. T1D prevalence was significantly associated with Ibs(r=0.307, p<0.001) and newborn life expectancy (r=0.349, p<0.001) independent of per capita total sugar consumption, per capita GDP, urbanization and obesity prevalence in partial correlation. Globally, both life expectancy at birth and Ibsexponentially correlated to T1D prevalence. Pearson correlations generally existed in different country categorizations by geographic region, culture background and economic status.ConclusionsReduced natural selection may have contributed to the increasing T1D prevalence worldwide. T1D epidemiology study in total population may be the practical solution to identify the causes of increasing T1D prevalence.
ω-3 Fatty acids for major depressive disorder in adults: an abridged Cochrane review
Authors: Appleton Katherine M , Sallis Hannah M , Perry Rachel , Ness Andrew R , Churchill Rachel 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveTo assess the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFAs; also known as ω-3 fatty acids) compared with comparator for major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults.DesignSystematic review and meta-analyses.Data sourcesThe Cochrane Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis Review Group's Specialised Registers (CCDANCTR) and International Trial Registries searched to May 2015. CINAHL searched to September 2013.Trial selectionInclusion criteria: a randomised controlled trial (RCT); that provided n-3PUFAs as an intervention; used a comparator; measured depressive symptomology as an outcome; and was conducted in adults with MDD.OutcomesPrimary outcomes were depressive symptomology and adverse events.Results20 trials encompassing 26 relevant studies were found. For n-3PUFAs versus placebo, n-3PUFA supplementation resulted in a small-to-modest benefit for depressive symptomology: SMD=−0.32 (95% CI −0.52 to −0.12; 25 studies, 1373 participants, very low-quality evidence), but this effect is unlikely to be clinically meaningful, is very imprecise and, based on funnel plot inspection, sensitivity analyses and comparison with large well-conducted trials, is likely to be biased. Considerable evidence of heterogeneity between studies was also found, and was not explained by subgroup or sensitivity analyses. Numbers of individuals experiencing adverse events were similar in intervention and placebo groups (OR=1.24, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.62; 19 studies, 1207 participants; very low-quality evidence). For n-3PUFAs versus antidepressants, no differences were found between treatments in depressive symptomology (MD=−0.70 (95% CI −5.88 to 4.48); 1 study, 40 participants, very low-quality evidence).ConclusionsAt present, we do not have sufficient evidence to determine the effects of n-3PUFAs as a treatment for MDD. Further research in the form of adequately powered RCTs is needed.
Is the HAS-BLED score useful in predicting post-extraction bleeding in patients taking warfarin? A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kataoka Toshiyuki , Hoshi Keika , Ando Tomohiro 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveUnexpected post-extraction bleeding is often experienced in clinical practice. Therefore, determining the risk of post-extraction bleeding in patients receiving anticoagulant therapy prior to surgery is beneficial. This study aimed to verify whether the HAS-BLED score was useful in predicting post-extraction bleeding in patients taking warfarin.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University.ParticipantsParticipants included 258 sequential cases (462 teeth) who had undergone tooth extraction between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2012 while continuing warfarin therapy.Main outcome measurePost-extraction risk factors for bleeding. The following data were collected as the predicting variables for multivariate logistic analysis: the HAS-BLED score, extraction site, tooth type, stability of teeth, extraction procedure, prothrombin time-international normalised ratio value, platelet count and the use of concomitant antiplatelet agents.ResultsPost-extraction bleeding was noted in 21 (8.1%) of the 258 cases. Haemostasis was achieved with localised haemostatic procedures in all the cases of post-extraction bleeding. The HAS-BLED score was found to be insufficient in predicting post-extraction bleeding (area under the curve=0.548, p=0.867, multivariate analysis). The risk of post-extraction bleeding was approximately three times greater in patients taking concomitant oral antiplatelet agents (risk ratio=2.881, p=0.035, multivariate analysis).ConclusionsThe HAS-BLED score alone could not predict post-extraction bleeding. The concomitant use of oral antiplatelet agents was a risk factor for post-extraction bleeding. No episodes of post-extraction bleeding required more than local measures for haemostasis. However, because this was a retrospective study conducted at a single institution, large-scale prospective cohort studies, which include cases of outpatient tooth extraction, will be necessary in the future.
Prospective evaluation of the ability of clinical scoring systems and physician-determined likelihood of appendicitis to obviate the need for CT
Authors: Golden Sean K , Harringa John B , Pickhardt Perry J , Ebinger Alexander , Svenson James E , Zhao Ying-Qi , Li Zhanhai , Westergaard Ryan P , Ehlenbach William J , Repplinger Michael D 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveTo determine whether clinical scoring systems or physician gestalt can obviate the need for computed tomography (CT) in patients with possible appendicitis.MethodsProspective, observational study of patients with abdominal pain at an academic emergency department (ED) from February 2012 to February 2014. Patients over 11 years old who had a CT ordered for possible appendicitis were eligible. All parameters needed to calculate the scores were recorded on standardised forms prior to CT. Physicians also estimated the likelihood of appendicitis. Test characteristics were calculated using clinical follow-up as the reference standard. Receiver operating characteristic curves were drawn.ResultsOf the 287 patients (mean age (range), 31 (12–88) years; 60% women), the prevalence of appendicitis was 33%. The Alvarado score had a positive likelihood ratio (LR(+)) (95% CI) of 2.2 (1.7 to 3) and a negative likelihood ratio (LR(−)) of 0.6 (0.4 to 0.7). The modified Alvarado score (MAS) had LR(+) 2.4 (1.6 to 3.4) and LR(−) 0.7 (0.6 to 0.8). The Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Appendicitis (RIPASA) score had LR(+) 1.3 (1.1 to 1.5) and LR(−) 0.5 (0.4 to 0.8). Physician-determined likelihood of appendicitis had LR(+) 1.3 (1.2 to 1.5) and LR(−) 0.3 (0.2 to 0.6). When combined with physician likelihoods, LR(+) and LR(−) was 3.67 and 0.48 (Alvarado), 2.33 and 0.45 (RIPASA), and 3.87 and 0.47 (MAS). The area under the curve was highest for physician-determined likelihood (0.72), but was not statistically significantly different from the clinical scores (RIPASA 0.67, Alvarado 0.72, MAS 0.7).ConclusionsClinical scoring systems performed equally well as physician gestalt in predicting appendicitis. These scores do not obviate the need for imaging for possible appendicitis when a physician deems it necessary.
Treatment of acute undifferentiated leukaemia in a dog
Authors: Elliott James William 
Published: March 2016

A 12‐year‐old, male‐neutered cross‐breed presented with vague, non‐specific signs and was diagnosed with acute, undifferentiated leukaemia (AUL) following haematology, bone marrow cytology and flow cytometry. A complete haematological response to cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, vincristine and prednisolone chemotherapy was achieved; however, progressive disease was identified 13 weeks after diagnosis and euthanasia performed at week 15. AUL is a rare form of acute leukaemia in the dog, and while remissions can be achieved with chemotherapy, as with other acute leukaemias, the remission and survival times appear to be disappointing in most cases.
Microstructure and magnetic properties of NdFeB/Mo multilayered films prepared by magnetron sputtering
Authors: Fu Yudong , Yan Feng , Zhu Xiaoshuo , Feng Xiaoxue , Guo Zaizai 
Published: March 2016

The paper was presented to study the microstructure and magnetic properties of Mo/[NdFeB/Mo] × 10/Mo multilayered films prepared by magnetron sputtering on Si(100) substrate. The SEM observation of microstructure showed that the specimen had fine multilayer structure and the NdFeB layers were successfully separated by Mo layers on the cross-section. The interface between the NdFeB and Mo layer disappeared after annealing. X-ray diffraction patterns of the annealed films revealed that there are a large amount of Nd2Fe[Formula: see text]B phases. The thickness of Mo layer had obvious effects on magnetic properties of the samples. When it reached 21 nm, the number and the intensity of NdFeB phase increase, and the remanent magnetization ratio Mr/Ms suddenly rise. The influences of annealing on surface morphology and microstructure of NdFeB thin films were also studied.
Antenna Pattern Measurements of Weather Radars Using the Sun and a Point Source
Authors: Reimann Jens , Hagen Martin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe sun is known to be a good target for weather radar calibration. In this paper high-resolution raster scans of the sun at high elevations will be used to derive the antenna pattern of weather radar, without being affected by beam propagation effects and reflections close to the earth’s surface. It is shown that this pattern matches well to pattern measurements using a point source. Hence, a good estimation of the real antenna pattern can be derived using the sun.Furthermore, formulas to extract undistorted antenna patterns from the sun, even at high-elevation angles, are derived. The signal processing required to achieve high sensitivity for the antenna pattern measurements will be described. Important parts of the antenna pattern—for example, sidelobes—become visible when using long integration times.The polarimetric receiver channel cross-correlation coefficient is proposed as a figure of merit of the cross-polar isolation of the antenna and hence the cross-polar pattern. The results are also compared to point source measurements. This illustrates how an unpolarized signal source like the sun can be used to derive polarimetric variables.
Clinical assessment and management of general surgery patients via synchronous telehealth
Authors: Cain Steven M , Moore Robert , Sturm Lauren , Mason Travis , Fuhrman Caitlin , Smith Robin , Bojicic Irfan , Carter Brandon 
Published: March 2016

Objective This paper describes how a clinical team at Landstuhl Regional Medical Center (LRMC) successfully integrated synchronous telehealth (TH) into their routine clinical practice. Methods and materials Synchronous TH encounters were performed using Polycom® software on surgeons’ computers with high-definition (HD) cameras on monitors at distant sites and PolyCom HDX9000® Telehealth Practitioner Carts at originating sites. Patients provided consented and were presented to general surgeons by nurses and medical technicians at Army health clinics throughout the European Theater. Results In calendar year (CY) 2014, five general surgeons and two surgical physician assistants (PAs) at Landstuhl Regional Medical Center along with registered nurses (RNs) at six originating clinic sites throughout Europe completed 130 synchronous TH encounters for 101 general surgery patients resulting in 73 completed and 16 recommended surgeries. Eighty-eight percent of patients had a completed or recommended surgery. No surgeries or procedures planned after initial TH evaluation were cancelled. Originating site clinics ranged in distance from 68 miles to 517 miles. Acceptance by providers, patients and clinic staff was high. Conclusion Synchronous TH was effective and safe in evaluating common general surgical conditions. We excluded sensitive and complex conditions requiring a nuanced physical examination. The TH efforts of the general surgery staff have resulted in high-quality, seamless and predictable TH activities that continue to expand into other surgical and medical specialties beyond general surgery. Seven surgeons and two PAs use synchronous TH regularly serving patients over a broad geographic area.
A knotless bidirectional-barbed tendon repair is inferior to conventional 4-strand repairs in cyclic loading
Authors: O’Brien F. P. , Parks B. G. , Tsai M. A. , Means K. R. 
Published: March 2016

We divided 21 flexor digitorum profundus tendons in the index, middle and ring fingers in seven cadaver hands into three groups. The tendons were cut in zone 2 and repaired using a 4-strand cruciate core suture repair with one of the following three materials in each group: (1) a knotless repair with a 2-0 bidirectional-barbed suture, which has similar tensile strength as a 4-0 non-barbed suture used in the other two groups; (2) a knotted locking repair with a non-barbed 4-0 conventional suture; and (3) a non-locking repair with a non-barbed 4-0 knotless suture. The repaired fingers were cyclically loaded through a simulated active range of motion to a 5 N load. We monitored and recorded the gap sizes at regular intervals during the test. The 2-0 bidirectional-barbed suture group and non-barbed suture groups developed gaps of 2.2 mm after 10 cycles and 2.4 mm after 20 cycles, respectively. Over 1000 cycles, the mean gaps were 3.2 mm in the 4-0 conventional suture group and 9.1 mm in the 2-0 bidirectional-barbed group. The tendons in the 2-0 bidirectional-barbed group gapped earlier, with statistically significant differences compared with those in the locking repair with a non-barbed 4-0 knotless suture group. The repair strength of the barbed suture technique was inferior to the cruciate repairs using a conventional 4-0 non-barbed suture tested in this cyclic-loading model. Level of evidence: Level V
MPFL Repair for Acute Patella Dislocation
Authors: Lawrie Steven , Welsh James 
Published: March 2016

Objectives: To report on the findings of a single surgeon series of MPFL(medial patello-femoral ligament) repair in the treatment of first time patella dislocation. Methods: 47 patients with 49 MPFL repairs for first time patella dislocation have been reviewed. All patients had pre-operative x-ray and MRI to define pathology, site of MPFL injury, presence of loose body/bodies, chondral injury etc. All patients underwent acute surgical repair at the site of injury to MPFL, as well as treatment of any secondary pathology. All patients were managed with a similar post-operative protocol of early weight bearing and range of motion utilizing a J-brace. Patients were contacted by phone or returned in person for completion of Kujula scores at time of reporting. Results: 40 patients with 42 knees were available for final follow-up. Average follow up period is 3-9 yrs. Average Kujula score 89/100. 3 of 42 recurrent dislocation for rate of 6.1%. 1 deep infection. MPFL rupture site 28/49 at patella (57%), 15/49 at femur (30%), 3/49 both patella and femur (6.1%),1/49 mid-substance (2%), 2/49 not seen on MRI or at surgery ( 4%) Osteochondral loose body 28/49 (57%) 9/49 required additional oft tissue surgery Conclusion: This series describes the location of MPFL injury in first time patella dislocation. In this surgical series there is a high incidence of secondary injury. At 3.9yr follow up this series demonstrates a recurrent dislocation rate of 6.1%.
Do artisanal fishers perceive declining migratory shorebird populations?
Authors: Andrade Luciano Pires , Silva-Andrade Horasa Maria Lima , Lyra-Neves Rachel Maria , Albuquerque Ulysses Paulino , Telino-Júnior Wallace Rodrigues 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundThis paper discusses the results of ethno-ornithological research conducted on the local ecological knowledge (LEK) of artisanal fishers in northeast Brazil between August 2013 and October 2014.MethodsThe present study analyzed the LEK of 240 artisanal fishermen in relation to Nearctic shorebirds and the factors that may be affecting their populations. We examined whether differences occurred according to the gender and age of the local population. The research instruments included semi-structured and check-list interviews.ResultsWe found that greater knowledge of migratory birds and the areas where they occur was retained by the local men compared with the local women. Half of the male respondents stated that the birds are always in the same locations, and most of the respondents believed that changes in certain populations were caused by factors related to habitat disturbance, particularly to increases in housing construction and visitors to the island. The main practices affecting the presence of migratory birds mentioned by the locals were boat traffic and noise from bars and vessels. According to the artisanal fishermen, the population of migratory birds that use the area for foraging and resting has been reduced over time.ConclusionsChanges in the local landscape related to urbanization and tourism are most likely the primary causes underlying the reduced migratory shorebird populations as reported by local inhabitants. Thus, managing and monitoring urbanization and tourism are fundamental to increasing the success of the migration process and improving the conservation of migratory shorebird species.
Parenting style in childhood and mortality risk at older ages: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Demakakos Panayotes , Pillas Demetris , Marmot Michael , Steptoe Andrew 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundParenting style is associated with offspring health, but whether it is associated with offspring mortality at older ages remains unknown.AimsWe examined whether childhood experiences of suboptimal parenting style are associated with increased risk of death at older ages.MethodLongitudinal cohort study of 1964 community-dwelling adults aged 65–79 years.ResultsThe association between parenting style and mortality was inverse and graded. Participants in the poorest parenting style score quartile had increased risk of death (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.72, 95% CI 1.20–2.48) compared with those in the optimal parenting style score quartile after adjustment for age and gender. Full adjustment for covariates partially explained this association (HR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.02–2.18). Parenting style was inversely associated with cancer and other mortality, but not cardiovascular mortality. Maternal and paternal parenting styles were individually associated with mortality.ConclusionsExperiences of suboptimal parenting in childhood are associated with increased risk of death at older ages.
From Flat to Round Men
Authors: Dhahir Sanna 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSaudi fiction written by women reflects the rapid changes witnessed by Saudi Arabia as a result of oil wealth and globalization. Increased education and work opportunities, exposure to the outside world, and a better awareness of the cultural and political dynamics at work in society have enriched Saudi women’s literary expression and perception of character. In portraying male characters, women have increasingly steered away from flat, stereotyped, and preconceived notions of men to more balanced and informed representations of men’s behaviors and positions in society. Saudi women challenge gender expectations and undermine conventional concepts of masculinity by creating a variety of male images, such as the liberal-minded individual, the frustrated intellectual, the sexually disoriented male, the business tycoon, the hapless immigrant, and the Islamic jihadist—all as products of cultural, religious, and political systems underpinning Saudi society.
Corrida em piscina funda promove manutenção da pressão arterial ao longo de cinco anos
Authors: Reichert Thaís , Kanitz Ana Carolina , Delevatti Rodrigo , Kruel Luiz 
Published: March 2016

O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar o comportamento da pressão arterial sistólica, diastólica e média de repouso e máxima durante cinco anos de treinamento de corrida em piscina funda. A amostra foi composta por 39 indivíduos de meia idade, que foram divididos no grupo normotenso (43,6±7,38 anos, 120,00±11,54/80,00±10,00 mmHg, n=17) e hipertenso (59,27±7,00 anos, 126,92±11,82/85,41±8,90 mmHg, n=22). Os sujeitos treinaram duas vezes por semana (45 minutos por sessão) de março a dezembro. O treinamento foi prescrito pela escala de esforço percebido de Borg (6-20) com o objetivo de promover ganhos cardiorrespiratórios. A avaliação cardiovascular foi realizada anualmente por um período de cinco anos, e os resultados de pressão arterial em repouso e máximo foram avaliados. Para análise dos dados, os testes de Shapiro-Wilk, Levene e ANOVA two-way com post-hoc de Bonferroni (α=0,05) foram utilizados. A pressão arterial sistólica, diastólica e média de repouso apresentaram uma manutenção ao longo dos cinco anos de treinamento em ambos os grupos, e os hipertensos tiveram os maiores valores. A pressão arterial sistólica máxima apresentou um decréscimo significativo do terceiro para o quarto ano em ambos os grupos, enquanto que a pressão diastólica e média máxima apresentaram uma manutenção ao longo do treinamento. Conclui-se que a prática de corrida em piscina funda promove uma manutenção dos valores da pressão arterial de repouso e máxima, em indivíduos normotensos e hipertensos. Este resultado é de grande relevância clínica, pois o avanço da idade tende a elevar os valores de pressão arterial, podendo resultar em doenças cardiovasculares.