bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardioprotection and Safety of Dexrazoxane in Patients Treated for Newly Diagnosed T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia or Advanced-Stage Lymphoblastic Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Report of the Children’s Oncology Group Randomized Trial Pediatric Oncology Group 9404
Authors: Asselin Barbara L. , Devidas Meenakshi , Chen Lu , Franco Vivian I. , Pullen Jeanette , Borowitz Michael J. , Hutchison Robert E. , Ravindranath Yaddanapudi , Armenian Saro H. , Camitta Bruce M. , Lipshultz Steven E. 
Published: December 2015

Purpose To determine the oncologic efficacy, cardioprotective effectiveness, and safety of dexrazoxane added to chemotherapy that included a cumulative doxorubicin dose of 360 mg/m2 to treat children and adolescents with newly diagnosed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) or lymphoblastic non-Hodgkin lymphoma (L-NHL). Patients and Methods Patients were treated on Pediatric Oncology Group Protocol POG 9404, which included random assignment to treatment with or without dexrazoxane given as a bolus infusion immediately before every dose of doxorubicin. Cardiac effects were assessed by echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular function and structure. Results Of 573 enrolled patients, 537 were eligible, evaluable, and randomly assigned to an arm with or without dexrazoxane. The 5-year event-free survival (with standard error) did not differ between groups: 77.2% (2.7%) for the dexrazoxane group versus 76.0% (2.7%) for the doxorubicin-only group (P = .9). The frequencies of severe grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicity, infection, CNS events, and toxic deaths were similar in both groups (P ranged from .26 to .64). Of 11 second malignancies, eight occurred in patients who received dexrazoxane (P = .17). The mean left ventricular fractional shortening, wall thickness, and thickness-to-dimension ratio z scores measured 3 years after diagnosis were worse in the doxorubicin-alone group (n = 79-84 per group; P ≤ .01 for all comparisons). Mean fractional shortening z scores measured 3.5 to 6.4 years after diagnosis remained diminished and were lower in the 21 patients who received doxorubicin alone than in the 31 patients who received dexrazoxane (−2.03 v −0.24; P ≤ .001). Conclusion Dexrazoxane was cardioprotective and did not compromise antitumor efficacy, did not increase the frequencies of toxicities, and was not associated with a significant increase in second malignancies with this doxorubicin-containing chemotherapy regimen. We recommend dexrazoxane as a cardioprotectant for children and adolescents who have malignancies treated with anthracyclines.
Impact of Age at Primary Breast Cancer on Contralateral Breast Cancer Risk in BRCA1/2 Mutation Carriers
Authors: van den Broek Alexandra J. , van ’t Veer Laura J. , Hooning Maartje J. , Cornelissen Sten , Broeks Annegien , Rutgers Emiel J. , Smit Vincent T.H.B.M. , Cornelisse Cees J. , van Beek Mike , Janssen-Heijnen Maryska L. , Seynaeve Caroline , Westenend Pieter J. , Jobsen Jan J. , Siesling Sabine , Tollenaar Rob A.E.M. , van Leeuwen Flora E. , Schmidt Marjanka K. 
Published: December 2015

Purpose To determine prospectively overall and age-specific estimates of contralateral breast cancer (CBC) risk for young patients with breast cancer with or without BRCA1/2 mutations. Patients and Methods A cohort of 6,294 patients with invasive breast cancer diagnosed under 50 years of age and treated between 1970 and 2003 in 10 Dutch centers was tested for the most prevalent BRCA1/2 mutations. We report absolute risks and hazard ratios within the cohort from competing risk analyses. Results After a median follow-up of 12.5 years, 578 CBCs were observed in our study population. CBC risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers was two to three times higher than for noncarriers (hazard ratios, 3.31 [95% CI, 2.41 to 4.55; P < .001] and 2.17 [95% CI,1.22 to 3.85; P = .01], respectively). Ten-year cumulative CBC risks were 21.1% (95% CI, 15.4 to 27.4) for BRCA1, 10.8% (95% CI, 4.7 to 19.6) for BRCA2 mutation carriers and 5.1% (95% CI, 4.5 to 5.7) for noncarriers. Age at diagnosis of the first breast cancer was a significant predictor of CBC risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers only; those diagnosed before age 41 years had a 10-year cumulative CBC risk of 23.9% (BRCA1: 25.5%; BRCA2: 17.2%) compared with 12.6% (BRCA1: 15.6%; BRCA2: 7.2%) for those 41 to 49 years of age (P = .02); our review of published studies showed ranges of 24% to 31% before age 40 years (BRCA1: 24% to 32%; BRCA2:17% to 29%) and 8% to 21% after 40 years (BRCA1: 11% to 52%; BRCA2: 7% to 18%), respectively. Conclusion Age at first breast cancer is a strong risk factor for cumulative CBC risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Considering the available evidence, age-specific risk estimates should be included in counseling.
Can Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Effectively Treat Hepatocellular Carcinoma?
Authors: Barry Aisling , Knox Jennifer J. , Wei Alice C. , Dawson Laura A. 
Published: December 2015

The Oncology Grand Rounds series is designed to place original reports published in the Journal into clinical context. A case presentation is followed by a description of diagnostic and management challenges, a review of the relevant literature, and a summary of the authors’ suggested management approaches. The goal of this series is to help readers better understand how to apply the results of key studies, including those published in Journal of Clinical Oncology, to patients seen in their own clinical practice. A 78-year-old woman with a past medical history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) presented on routine examination to her family doctor with abnormal liver function tests. She was referred for liver ultrasound, which detected a liver mass. Multiphasic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnosed liver cirrhosis and a segment 7/8 lesion measuring 4 cm, suspicious for a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), without evidence of portal hypertension. Child-Pugh (CP) score (ranging from 5 to 15) is a clinically relevant measure of synthetic liver function, based on international normalized ratio and albumin and bilirubin levels, as well as presence or absence of ascites and encephalopathy. A score of A5 or 6 is associated with better postoperative survival compared with CP B7 to 9 or CP C10 to 15, in which surgery is contraindicated. Her CP score was A6, based on a low albumin of 34 g/L. Platelets were slightly depressed at 121,000 μL, and alpha-fetoprotein level was 89 μg/L. She had not received treatment of her HCV because of her age and low viral load. She does not drink alcohol. Clinically the patient had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (PS) of 1, no stigmata of chronic liver disease, and no ascites or encephalopathy or other associated clinical symptoms. An HCC multidisciplinary cancer conference recommended surgical resection. The patient was taken to the operating room for a planned liver nonanatomic wedge resection. At the time of laparotomy, extensive cirrhosis was found and resection was abandoned because of the high risk of liver failure. A biopsy was not obtained, as the tumor had classic arterial enhancement and washout on venous and delayed-phase computed tomography (CT) imaging, which is diagnostic for HCC. After laparotomy, the patient developed liver insufficiency manifested by new ascites and peripheral edema, treated with diuretics, a low-salt diet, and fluid restriction. She was discharged home after a week and referred for a radiation oncology opinion. Three months after laparotomy, her liver function had recovered, with resolution of her ascites and PS of 2. It was decided to proceed with nonsurgical local therapy to the liver mass with curative intent.
Early Left and Right Ventricular Response to Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Duncan Andra E. , Sarwar Sheryar , Kateby Kashy Babak , Sonny Abraham , Sale Shiva , Alfirevic Andrej , Yang Dongsheng , Thomas James D. , Gillinov Marc , Sessler Daniel I. 
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUND:
The immediate effect of aortic valve replacement (AVR) for aortic stenosis on perioperative myocardial function is unclear. Left ventricular (LV) function may be impaired by cardioplegia-induced myocardial arrest and ischemia-reperfusion injury, especially in patients with LV hypertrophy. Alternatively, LV function may improve when afterload is reduced after AVR. The right ventricle (RV), however, experiences cardioplegic arrest without benefiting from improved loading conditions. Which of these effects on myocardial function dominate in patients undergoing AVR for aortic stenosis has not been thoroughly explored. Our primary objective is thus to characterize the effect of intraoperative events on LV function during AVR using echocardiographic measures of myocardial deformation. Second, we evaluated RV function.

METHODS:
In this supplementary analysis of 100 patients enrolled in a clinical trial (NCT01187329), 97 patients underwent AVR for aortic stenosis. Of these patients, 95 had a standardized intraoperative transesophageal echocardiographic examination of systolic and diastolic function performed before surgical incision and repeated after chest closure. Echocardiographic images were analyzed off-line for global longitudinal myocardial strain and strain rate using 2D speckle-tracking echocardiography. Myocardial deformation assessed at the beginning of surgery was compared with the end of surgery using paired t tests corrected for multiple comparisons.

RESULTS:
LV volumes and arterial blood pressure decreased, and heart rate increased at the end of surgery. Echocardiographic images were acceptable for analysis in 72 patients for LV strain, 67 for LV strain rate, and 54 for RV strain and strain rate. In 72 patients with LV strain images, 9 patients required epinephrine, 22 required norepinephrine, and 2 required both at the end of surgery. LV strain did not change at the end of surgery compared with the beginning of surgery (difference: 0.7 [97.6% confidence interval, −0.2 to 1.5]%; P = 0.07), whereas LV systolic strain rate improved (became more negative) (−0.3 [−0.4 to −0.2] s−1; P < 0.001). In contrast, RV systolic strain worsened (became less negative) at the end of surgery (difference: 4.6 [3.1 to 6.0]%; P < 0.001) although RV systolic strain rate was unchanged (0.0 [97.6% confidence interval, −0.1 to 0.1]; P = 0.83).

CONCLUSIONS:
LV function improved after replacement of a stenotic aortic valve demonstrated by improved longitudinal strain rate. In contrast, RV function, assessed by longitudinal strain, was reduced.
Automated image analysis reveals the dynamic 3-dimensional organization of multi-ciliary arrays
Authors: Galati Domenico F. , Abuin David S. , Tauber Gabriel A. , Pham Andrew T. , Pearson Chad G. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTMulti-ciliated cells (MCCs) use polarized fields of undulating cilia (ciliary array) to produce fluid flow that is essential for many biological processes. Cilia are positioned by microtubule scaffolds called basal bodies (BBs) that are arranged within a spatially complex 3-dimensional geometry (3D). Here, we develop a robust and automated computational image analysis routine to quantify 3D BB organization in the ciliate, Tetrahymena thermophila. Using this routine, we generate the first morphologically constrained 3D reconstructions of Tetrahymena cells and elucidate rules that govern the kinetics of MCC organization. We demonstrate the interplay between BB duplication and cell size expansion through the cell cycle. In mutant cells, we identify a potential BB surveillance mechanism that balances large gaps in BB spacing by increasing the frequency of closely spaced BBs in other regions of the cell. Finally, by taking advantage of a mutant predisposed to BB disorganization, we locate the spatial domains that are most prone to disorganization by environmental stimuli. Collectively, our analyses reveal the importance of quantitative image analysis to understand the principles that guide the 3D organization of MCCs.
Rac1 controls epithelial tube length through the apical secretion and polarity pathways
Authors: Sollier Kévin , Gaudé Helori-Mael , Chartier François J.-M. , Laprise Patrick 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThe morphometric parameters of epithelial tubes are critical to the physiology and homeostasis of most organs. In addition, many human diseases are associated with tube-size defects. Here, we show that Rac1 limits epithelial tube elongation in the developing fly trachea by promoting Rab5-dependent endocytosis of the apical determinant Crumbs. Rac1 is also involved in a positive feedback loop with the septate junction protein Coracle. Thereby, Rac1 precludes paracellular diffusion and contributes to the septate junction-dependent secretion of the chitin-modifying enzymes Vermiform and Serpentine, which restrict epithelial tube length independently of Crumbs. Thus, Rac1 is a critical component of two important pathways controlling epithelial tube morphogenesis.
The effectiveness of Gestalt therapy in the area of emotion regulation conducted in patients with neurotic/anxiety disorders
Authors: Janowski Maciej , Biedrycka Monika 
Published: December 2015

CelCelem analizy jest określenie zmian w zakresie form regulacji emocji, jakie dokonują się w trakcie psychoterapii Gestalt. Osoby z zaburzeniami nerwicowymi/lękowymi często stosują w obliczu negatywnych emocji strategie ucieczkowe, działania kompulsywne lub próbują odwrócić swoją uwagę od problemu, zatem określenie skuteczności oddziaływań terapeutycznych, które mają zmodyfikować wzorce regulacji emocji, jest istotne.MetodaUczestnikami badania było 21 osób z grup terapeutycznych różnych ośrodków oraz taka sama liczba osób z grupy kontrolnej. Do określenia sposobów reagowania wykorzystane zostały Skalę Kontroli Emocji (CECS) Watson i Greera, Skalę Ekspresji Gniewu (SEG) Ogińskiej-Bulik i Juczyńskiego oraz autorski Kwestionariusz Adekwatności Regulacji Emocji (KARE), pozwalający na analizę zarówno strategii stosowanych jak i spostrzeganych jako optymalne. Członkowie grup terapeutycznych badani byli dwukrotnie: na początku terapii oraz trzy miesiące później.WynikiZarówno na początku, jak i po trzech miesiącach terapii porównania między grupami terapeutyczną oraz kontrolną ujawniły niewiele różnic w zakresie stosowanych strategii regulacji emocji oraz reakcji postrzeganych jako najlepsze w danej sytuacji. W grupie terapeutycznej odnotowano zgodne z hipotezami zmiany w obrębie strategii stosowanych.WnioskiWyniki wskazują, że po trzech miesiącach terapii nastąpiły zmiany w obrębie niektórych strategii regulacji emocji, zgodne z założeniami Gestalt, ale nie miała miejsca znacząca modyfikacja przekonań o najbardziej skutecznych sposobach reagowania. Potwierdza to doraźną skuteczność terapii w zakresie regulacji emocji.
„Breasting” father. Father's influence on the eating problems in children. Psychodynamic approach
Authors: Turyna Urszula , Zaremba Sylwia 
Published: December 2015

CelAutorki opisują zjawisko „piersiującego ojca”, które zaobserwowały w rodzinach małych dzieci, których rodzice zgłaszają do Ośrodka z powodu wystąpienia komplikacji w przyjmowaniu pokarmów. Komplikacje te to między innymi: pokarmowy refluks, dystrofia, dysfagia funkcjonalna, objadanie. Zjawisko „piersiującego” ojca to postawa ojca polegająca na próbach przejmowania roli matki w procesie karmienia dziecka oraz jaskrawe próby zagarnięcia macierzyńskiej strefy w opiece nad niemowlęciem przy rezygnacji ze strefy ojcowskiej.MetodaAutorki przedstawione zjawisko opisały na podstawie analizy dokumentacji: wywiady zgłoszeniowe, historia terapii, zapis sesji. Swoje refleksje opierają również na rozważaniach teoretycznych wywodzących się z psychoanalizy.WynikiW wyniku prześledzenia i przeanalizowania wywiadów z rodzicami małych dzieci dotyczących przyjmowania pokarmu autorki zaobserwowały fenomen piersiującego ojca.WnioskiPiersiujący ojciec może wpłynąć na trudności jedzenia u dzieci. Jego rola często jest zapośredniczona przez przeżycia matki jako głównej karmicielki dziecka. Mimo zmiany w społecznym obrazie roli ojca wydaje się istotne zachowanie zróżnicowania w rolach matki i ojca w pierwszym okresie życia dziecka.
Patients' anxiety of public speaking to a group audience versus dropping-out the group therapy
Authors: Sikorski Wiesław 
Published: December 2015

CelAutor na podstawie literatury i badań własnych analizuje przyczyny przedwczesnej rezygnacji pacjentów z terapii grupowej.
Celem badań przeprowadzonych przez autora było ustalenie zależności między poziomem lęku przed publicznym mówieniem u pacjentów (69 kobiet i 47 mężczyzn) cierpiących na różne zaburzenia nerwicowe a przerywaniem przez nich (jednokrotnie lub dwukrotnie) udziału w terapii grupowej.Badaniami objęto 26 grup terapeutycznych, w których co najmniej dwóch członków przedwcześnie porzuciło terapię.MetodaPoziom lęku przed mówieniem na forum grupy wyznaczono przy użyciu kwestionariusza Personal Report of Communication Apprehension (PRCA) J.C. McCroskeya i R. McVetty.WynikiAutor odnotował istotne statystycznie – na poziomie 0.05 - zależności między lękiem przed publicznym mówieniem a przedwczesnym porzucaniem terapii grupowej. Wykazał że tego typu lęk jest większy i powszechniejszy – i w ślad za tym częstsze przerywanie leczenia - w grupach liczebniejszych (10-12 osób), zorganizowanych w formie zamkniętej i heterogennych (zróznicowanych). Stwierdził także, iż najczęściej dochodzi do rezygnacji z terapii w początkowej fazie rozwoju dynamiki grupy zamkniętej („orientacji i zależności) oraz przez członków pełniący podrzędne role grupowe – „kozła ofiarnego“ i „autsajdera“. Ponadto autor dostrzegł, że zmniejszeniu lęku przed mówieniem na forum grupy i zjawisku opuszczania terapii sprzyja wcześniejsze przygotowanie członków grupy do terapii.WnioskiAutor podaje sposoby redukcji lęku przed mówieniem, jak choćby ćwiczenia oparte na graniu ról, dramie i z wykorzystaniem kamery oraz uczenie się osiągania stanu zrelaksowania i odprężenia oraz wynikające z postawy terapeuty i jego dbałości o uruchamianie jak największej liczby czynników leczących w terapii grupowej – a zwłaszcza spójności grupowej i kształtowania umiejętności społecznych.
Genetics of Asthma
Authors: Hizawa Nobuyuki 
Published: December 2015

Asthma runs strongly in families and has a heritability rate of up to 60%. Genetic studies offer a structured means for understanding the causes of asthma and for identifying targets of treatment for the syndrome. As with studies of other common complex diseases, genetic studies of asthma have led to considerable advances in the understanding of this disease. Genome‐wide association studies have greatly advanced the identification of the most important genes predisposing individuals to airway diseases. Several genes act in pathways that communicate the presence of epithelial damage to the adaptive immune system ; identification of these genes has provided a new focus for the development of effective therapies. Genetic findings have also led to a reassessment of the primacy of atopy in asthma and eczema (atopic dermatitis) ; these findings indicate that atopy is secondary to epithelial damage or other events in both diseases. Despite these advances, only a small component of the overall genetic contribution to asthma has been identified. This missing heritability may be due to multiple genes of small effects (polygenes), rare highly penetrant mutations, or epigenetic modifications of gene function. Further work is necessary to understand the biological consequences of the known susceptibility variants ; the most immediate challenge in this field is the systematic analysis of the precise functions of these genes in the pathogenesis of asthma. Detailed functional dissection of the roles of these genes in asthma will point the way to new therapies for the disease.
Investigating primary school teachers’ perception of conflict management strategies used by principals<p>Öğretmen görüşlerine göre ilköğretim okul yöneticilerinin kullandıkları çatışma yönetimi stratejileri
Authors: Titrek Osman , Maral Muammer , Barut Kızılkaya Deniz 
Published: December 2015

<p>The purpose of this study is to determine which and how often conflict management strategies are used in case of any conflict situations by school principals attending primary schools. This study aims to identify to what extent the school administrators use the strategies of integration, reconciliation, compromise, domination and avoidance when handling conflicts and whether there are differences based on factors including teacher’s gender, marital status, or whether they assume a role in management, or the rank of their position, their age, educational level and seniority. 300 teachers attending primary and middle schools in Kağıthane, Istanbul were administered the “Conflict Management Styles Survey” as part of the research which was conducted using the descriptive survey model. The results of the study showed that the school principles use the integration strategy the most; there is no significant difference in the opinions of teachers based on factors such as gender, marital status, management experience, or educational status; there is a significant difference in the feedback on integration and reconciliation strategies based on the factor of rank of position held; and there is a significant difference in the feedback from teachers about integration, avoidance and reconciliation strategies both based on the factor of age and factor of seniority.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Bu çalışmanın amacı, ilköğretim okullarında görev yapan öğretmenlerin görüşlerine göre okul müdürlerinin herhangi bir çatışma durumunda çatışma yönetim stratejilerinden hangilerini ne kadar sıklıkla kullandıklarını, okul yöneticilerinin çatışmaları yönetirken tümleştirme, uzlaşma, ödün verme, hükmetme ve kaçınma stratejilerini ne derece kullandıkları, öğretmenlerin cinsiyet, medeni durum, yöneticilik görevi yapıp yapmadıkları, görev yaptıkları kademe, yaş, eğitim düzeyi, kıdem değişkenlerine göre bir farklılık olup olmadığı belirlenmeye çalışmaktır. Betimsel tarama modeli ile gerçekleştirilen bu araştırmada İstanbul ili Kağıthane ilçesindeki ilkokul ve ortaokullarda görev yapan 300 öğretmene “Çatışma Yönetim Stilleri Anketi” uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda okul müdürlerinin en çok tümleştirme stratejisini kullandıkları, cinsiyet, medeni durum, yöneticilik tecrübesi, eğitim durumu değişkenlerine göre öğretmenler görüşleri arasında anlamlı bir farklılığın olmadığı, görev yapılan kademe değişkenine göre tümleştirme ve uzlaşma stratejilerine ilişkin görüşlerde anlamlı farklılığın olduğu, hem yaş değişkenine hem de kıdem değişkenine göre tümleştirme, kaçınma ve uzlaşma stratejilerine ilişkin öğretmen görüşleri arasında anlamlı farklılığın olduğuna ulaşılmıştır.</p>