bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: THE PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF DICARBONYL‐H(5)‐CYCLOPENTADIENYLIRON H(2)‐VINYL ETHER AND H(2)‐KETENE ACETAL KOMPLEXES
Authors: CUTLER A. , RAGHU S. , ROSENBLUM M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAus den Halogenacetalen (I) entstehen mit dem Cyclopentadienyleisendicarbonyl‐ ‐ Anion (II) die Komplexe (III).
ChemInform Abstract: ROENTGEN‐PHOTOELEKTRONENSPEKTROSKOPISCHE (ESCA)‐UNTERSUCHUNGEN IN DER KOORDINATIONSCHEMIE 3. MITT. DIE WIRKUNG DER KOMPLEXBILDUNG AUF DIE ELEKTRONENBINDUNGSENERGIEN IN TERNAEREN BIS‐(DIMETHYLGLYOXIMATO)‐KOBALT(III)‐KOMPLEXEN
Authors: BURGER K. , FLUCK E. , VARHELYI CS. , BINDER H. , SPEYER I. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractUntersucht werden die Titelkomplexe mit den axialen Liganden X = Y: Cl, Br, J, NH3 und X: Cl, J ;Y: CN, NH3, H2O, N02, wobei die Auswirkungen der Koordination und des Ligandenaustauschs auf die Elektronenbindungsenergien der Zentral‐ und Donatoratome diskutiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: RHODIUM(III)‐ UND KOBALT(III)‐KOORDINATIONSVERBINDUNGEN MIT DIACETYLMONOXIM‐THIOSEMICARBAZON
Authors: ABLOV A. V. , BELICHUK N. I. , BOLOGA O. A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDurch Reaktion von RhC13°C 3 H2O mit Diacetyhnonoximthiosemicarbazon bzw. durch Luftoxidation von CoClg ‐ 6 H2 O in Gegenwart des Oximthiosemicarbazons in siedendem Äthanol lassen sich die Chloride (II) (Ausbeute 70%), daraus durch Anionenaustauschreaktionen die Salze (I) darstellen.
ChemInform Abstract: THE PREPARATION AND REACTIONS OF LITHIUM BIS(ISOPROPENYL)CUPRATE
Authors: SMITH J. G. , WIKMAN R. T. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIsopropenyllithium (I) reagiert mit gereinigtem Kupfer(I)‐jodid zu Lithium‐bis‐(isopropenyl)‐cuprat (II), das sich oberhalb von ‐30°C in das Dien (III) umwandelt.
ChemInform Abstract: DER ACETAMIDOMETHYL‐REST ALS SCHUTZGRUPPE FUER DEN CYSTEIN‐SCHWEFEL BEI DER FESTPHASENPEPTIDSYNTHESE NACH MERRIFIELD
Authors: HERMANN P. , SCHREIER E. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDas Tripeptid (II) wird einerseits aus dem am polymeren Träger aufgebauten Peptid (I) anderseits nach der konventionellen Anhydridmethode aus (III) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A NEW AMINO ACID, 5‐CHLORO‐D‐TRYPTOPHAN FROM ANTIBIOTIC LONGICATENAMYCIN
Authors: SHIBA T. , MUKUNOKI Y. , AKIYAMA H. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBei der Hydrolyse des Antibioticums Longicatenamycin kann D‐S‐Chlortryptophan (I) isoliert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: GROWTH OF CALCIUM PHOSPHATE ON HYDROXYAPATITE CRYSTALS, EFFECT OF SUPERSATURATION AND IONIC MEDIUM
Authors: NANCOLLAS G. H. , TOMAZIC B. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Kinetik des Kristallkeimwachstums von Hydroxyl‐Apatit bei 25°C und bei konstantem physiologischem pH‐Wert in übersättigten Ca‐phosphatlösungen wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: MECHANISMUS DER LADUNGSKOMPENSATION UND FORMEN DES EINBAUS VON NB UND Y IN DIE ZIRKONSTRUKTUR
Authors: SOLNTSEV V. P. , SHCHERBAKOVA M. YA. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDurch Analyse der EPR‐Spektren Nb‐ und Y‐haltiger Zirkoneinkristalle wird gezeigt, daß die Zr(IV)‐substituierenden Beimengungen einachsige Y3 ‐Nb5 ‐Komplexe und komplexere Assoziationen bilden können.
ChemInform Abstract: ZUSTANDSDIAGRAMME DER SYSTEME MG(PO3)2‐AL(PO3)3, CA(PO3)2‐AL(PO3)3 UND SR(PO3)2‐AL(PO3)3
Authors: KUZ'MENKOV M. I. , PLYSHEVSKII S. V. , PECHKOVSKII V. V. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Zustandsdiagramme der 3 Titelsysteme sind eutektisch.
ChemInform Abstract: THE ROLE OF SULFUR TRAPPED IN MICROPORES IN THE CATALYTIC PARTIAL OXIDATION OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE WITH OXYGEN
Authors: STEIJNS M. , MARS P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie katalytische Oxidation von H2 Smit molekularem Sauerstoff zwischen 130 bis 200°C wird unter Verwendung mikroporöser Materialien (aktiver Kohlenstoff, Molekularsieb 13 X) und flüssigen Schwefels als Katalysatoren untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: IDENTIFICATION OF THE RATE DETERMINING STEP IN AGING OF SUPPORTED METALS
Authors: PULVERMACHER B. , RUCKENSTEIN E. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDas Altern von Metallkatalysatoren auf Trägermaterialien entsteht durch Diffusion von Metallkristalliten an der Trägeroberfläche und nachfolgendes Sintern der Zusammenhaftenden Teilchen.
ChemInform Abstract: THERMISCHE UMLAGERUNG VON TETRAARYLHYDRAZINEN, C‐N‐VERKNUEPFUNG BEI DER BILDUNG VON SEMIDIN‐DERIVATEN
Authors: WELZEL PETER , GUENTHER LUDWIG , ECKHARDT GERT 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie thermische Reaktion des Tetraarylhydrazins (I) führt zur Bildung der Produkte (IIa), (IIb), (III) [letzteres nachgewiesenermaßen sekundär aus (IIb) (R4: ‐H) durch Thermolyse entstanden], (IV) (eine der möglichen 3 Strukturen kommt ,in Frage) und (V).
ChemInform Abstract: DARSTELLUNG DER 2,4‐DICHLORBENZOESAEURE DURCH OXIDATION VON 2,4‐DICHLORTOLUOL MIT MOLEKULAREM SAUERSTOFF
Authors: KOVALEV V. I. , KOVALEVA L. YA. , PUTIKOV A. N. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractRohes Dichlortoluol (I) wird durch molekularen Sauerstoff nicht oxidiert.
ChemInform Abstract: MONOBROMINATION OF O‐BENZENEDIACETIC ACID, SYNTHESIS OF DIMETHYL ALPHA‐BROMO‐O‐BENZENEDIACETATE AND ITS ALKALI INDUCED DIMERIZATION
Authors: CIGNARELLA GIORGIO , SABA ANTONIO , MASELLI ADRIANA 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Monobromierung des Dichlorids (Ia) bzw. des Dimethylesters (Ib) mit Brom bzw. N‐Bromsuccinimid bei verschiedenen Temperaturen wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMIE VON BENZOCYCLOBUTENOLEN UND BENZOCYCLENONEN
Authors: VIRIOT‐VILLAUME M. L. , CARRE C. , CAUBERE P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Photolyse der tricyclischen Carbinole (Ia) und (Ib) liefert über den Singlett‐Zustand die Ketone (IIa) und (IIb); aus (Ib) entsteht zusätzlich das Carbinol (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SYMMETRY ALLOWED ELECTROCYCLIC REACTIONS OF RADICALS, CLEAVAGE OF THE ANION RADICALS OF 9,10‐DIARYL‐9,10‐DIHYDROACENAPHTHYLENES
Authors: BAULD N. L. , HUDSON C. E. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDiphenyl‐acenaphthylen (I).
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND REACTIONS OF A TRIS ANNELATING AGENT
Authors: DANISHEFSKY S. , CAIN P. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract2,6‐Lutidin (I) reagiert mit Phenyllithium und 3‐Chlorpropionaldehyddiäthylacetal (II) zum Acetal (III), aus dem der Aldehyd (IV) hergestellt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF CYCLOPENTANO‐1,2,3,4‐TETRAHYDROISOQUINOLINES, NOVEL HETEROCYCLIC SYSTEMS
Authors: MATHISON I. W. , SOLOMONS W. E. , JONES R. H. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract2,3‐Dimethoxy‐benzaldehyd (I) reagiert mit Malonsäure zur Zimtsäure (II), die nach Hydrierung zu (III) mit Polyphosphorsäure zum Indanon (IV) cyclisiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: PURINE N‐OXIDES PART 57, 9‐HYDROXYHYPOXANTHINE, XANTHIN, AND GUANINE
Authors: WATSON A. A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBenzyloxyamin (I) und die Orthoester (II) kondensieren zu den Acetimidaten (III) die mit 2‐Amino‐2‐cyanacetamid (IV) zu den Imidazolen (V) kondensiert werden können.
ChemInform Abstract: QUINOXALINES PART 18, ON THE REACTION OF 2‐QUINOXALINECARBONITRILE 4‐OXIDE WITH KETONES
Authors: HAYASHI E. , SUZUKI S. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract2‐Chinoxalincarbonitril‐4‐oxid (I) reagiert in benzolischer Lösung mit den Ketonen (II) in Gegenwart von Natriumamid in 30‐69%iger Ausbeute zu den 3‐substituierten 2( lH)‐Chinoxalinonen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: AZA ANALOGUES OF PTERIDINE PART 8, 3‐AMINO‐ FROM 3‐ALKOXY‐PYRIMIDO(5,4‐E)‐AS‐TRIAZIN‐5‐ONES PREPARED BY CYCLIZATION OF 3‐ETHOXY‐1,2,4‐TRIAZINES OR OTHER MEANS
Authors: BROWN D. J. , LYNN R. K. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDas Pyrimidotriazin (I) wird mit methanolischer HCl zum Triazinester (IIa) gespalten, der mit NH3/Methanol bzw. Methylamin/Äthanol die Amide (IIb) bzw. (IIc) liefert.
ChemInform Abstract: PYRIMIDO(5,4‐E)‐AS‐TRIAZINES PART 7, SYNTHESIS OF 7‐AZA ANALOGS OF PTEROIC AND FOLIC ACIDS
Authors: TEMPLE C. JUN. , KUSSNER C. L. , MONTGOMERY J. A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBei der Cyclisierung des Amino‐hydrazino‐pyrimidins (I) in heißer Essigsäure erhält man das Dihydro‐pyrimido‐triazin (II), das die Substitutionsprodukte (III) und (IV) ergibt.
ChemInform Abstract: PROTON MAGNETIC RESONANCE AND (31)P NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDIES OF SUBSTITUTED PHOSPHOLAN‐3‐ONE 1‐OXIDES
Authors: PURDUM W. R. , BERLIN K. DARRELL 
Published: March 2016

AbstractZu NMR‐spektroskopischen Untersuchungen werden verschiedene Phospholane hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESE UND EIGENSCHAFTEN EINIGER ARSENIERTER ASYMMETRISCHER CARBONSAEUREN UND IHRER DERIVATE
Authors: IONOV L. B. , GATILOV YU. F. , MUKANOV I. P. , KOKORINA L. G. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractFür das Cyanarsin (III) wird eine Darstellungsvorschrift aus Bromcyan (II) und Diäthyl‐p‐tolylarsin (I) angegeben.
ChemInform Abstract: TITANIUM REDUCTION IN A SOLUBLE ZIEGLER‐NATTA CATALYST
Authors: WATERS J. A. , MORTIMER G. A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractZiegler‐Natta‐Katalysatoren des Typs (I) erleiden beim Stehen in aromatischen oder aliphatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen eine spontane Reduktion zu Titan(III)‐Verbindungen, wobei der Alkylrest des Titans je zur Hälfte als Olefin und als Alkan abgespalten wird.
ChemInform Abstract: AN ′ALKYLCARBENE′ COMPLEX OF TANTALUM BY INTRAMOLECULAR ALPHA‐HYDROGEN ABSTRACTION
Authors: SCHROCK RICHARD R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Reaktion von Neopentyllithium mit der Ta‐Verbindung (I) in Pentan liefert in quantitativer Ausbeute den Komplex (II), der auch aus Neopentylmagnesiumchlorid und TaCls in Äther mit 50% Ausbeute dargestellt werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF B‐SIGMA‐METALLOCARBORANES BY OXIDATIVE ADDITION, MODEL INTERMEDIATES FOR TRANSITION METAL CATALYZED HYDROGEN‐DEUTERIUM EXCHANGE IN BORON‐HYDROGEN CONTAINING SPECIES
Authors: HOEL ELVIN L. , HAWTHORNE M. F. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractNeben einem ortho‐Metallierungsderivat als Hauptprodukt liefert die Reaktion von (I) mit einem dreifachen Überschuß an (II) in geringen Mengen den fünffach koordinierten, trigonal‐bipyramidalen Ir(III)‐Komplex (III).
ChemInform Abstract: PLATIN ALS AMINO‐SCHUTZGRUPPE, PLATIN(IV)‐KOMPLEXE MIT ALPHA‐AMINOSAEURECHLORIDEN
Authors: PURUCKER BERNHARD , BECK WOLFGANG 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDurch Chlorierung der Chloro‐oc‐aminosäure‐Pt?I)‐Verbindungen (I) und (III) mit: PCl5 werden die Tetrachloroaminosäurechlorid‐Pt(IV)‐Komplexe (II) bzw. (IV) gebildet.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF TACHROSIN, A NATURAL FLAVONE SUBSTITUTED BY A NOVEL FURANOID RING SYSTEM
Authors: ANTUS S. , FARKAS L. , NOGRADI M. , SOHAR P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAus dem Aldehyd (I) und dem Acyloin (II) erhält man das Kondensationsprodukt (III), das oxidativ in das Tetrahydrofuranon (IV) umgelagert wird.
Nurse and patient characteristics predict communication about complementary and alternative medicine
Authors: Spencer Christine N. , Lopez Gabriel , Cohen Lorenzo , Urbauer Diana L. , Hallman D. Michael , Fisch Michael J. , Parker Patricia A. 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUNDThe aim of this study was to identify nurse factors (eg, knowledge, practices, and clinical habits regarding complementary and alternative medicine [CAM] as well as demographic factors) and patient characteristics (eg, age, sex, and treatment status) associated with nurses' CAM inquiry and referral patterns.METHODSBaseline data were collected with nurse/patient questionnaires about CAM use and knowledge as part of a multicenter CAM educational clinical trial. Frequencies and nested regression models were used to assess predictors of nurses' inquiries about and referral to CAM therapies.RESULTSSix hundred ninety‐nine patients participated in the study. For patients, female sex (odds ratio [OR], 1.50; P = .019) and cancer recurrence (OR, 1.45; P = .05) were predictive of nurses' inquiries about and referral to CAM therapies. A total of 175 nurses with a mean age of 45 years and a mean experience of 20 years participated; 79% were staff nurses, and 11% were nurse practitioners. Fifty‐three percent asked at least 1 of their last 5 patients about CAM use; 42% referred patients to CAM therapy. Nurses who reported being “somewhat comfortable” (OR, 2.70; P = .0001) or “very comfortable” (OR, 3.88; P < .0001) about discussing CAM, self‐reported use of massage (OR, 2.20; P < .0001), and had formal CAM education (OR, 4.14; P = .0001) were more likely to ask about CAM use. Nurses who reported being “somewhat comfortable” (OR, 2.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.47‐4.41; P = .0008) or “very comfortable” (OR, 7.46; P < .00001) and had formal CAM education (OR, 2.96; P < .0001) were also more likely to refer patients to CAM therapies.CONCLUSIONSBoth patient and nurse characteristics were associated with discussions about CAM. Oncology institutions that prioritize evidence‐based medicine should consider introducing CAM education to their nursing staff. Cancer 2016;122:1552–9. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Genetic anticipation in BRCA1/BRCA2 families after controlling for ascertainment bias and cohort effect
Authors: Guindalini Rodrigo Santa Cruz , Song Andrew , Fackenthal James D. , Olopade Olufunmilayo I. , Huo Dezheng 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUNDGenetic anticipation, the earlier onset of disease in successive generations, has been reported in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC), but little is known about its underlying mechanisms. Ascertainment bias has been suggested as a reason in previous studies. Likewise, cohort effect, which may be caused by environmental factors, can be misinterpreted as genetic anticipation.METHODSThe authors reviewed the pedigrees of 176 kindreds, segregating those with deleterious mutations in breast cancer genes 1 and 2 (BRCA1/BRCA2) who had at least 2 consecutive generations of the same cancer (breast or ovarian). By using mutation probabilities as analytical weights in weighted random‐effect models, generational differences in the age at onset of breast/ovarian cancer were calculated. The analyses were further controlled for ascertainment bias by excluding probands and adjusting for birth‐cohort effect in the anticipation models.RESULTSThe mean age at the onset of breast cancer for the probands' generation was 41.9 years, which was 6.8 years and 9.8 years earlier than the parents' and grandparents' generations, respectively. The anticipation effect for breast cancer remained significant after excluding the probands. There was a birth‐cohort effect: patients who were born in 1930s and 1940s had breast cancer 5.0 years and 7.6 years earlier than patients who were born before 1920. The difference in breast cancer age of onset across generations was no longer significant after adjusting for birth‐cohort effect.CONCLUSIONSThe observed anticipation effect was driven mainly by a decrease in age of onset across birth cohorts, underscoring the need for risk‐reducing interventions that target changing environmental/lifestyle factors in BRCA1/BRCA2 carriers. Cancer 2016;122:1913–20. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Seasonal neuronal plasticity in song‐control and auditory forebrain areas in subtropical nonmigratory and palearctic‐indian migratory male songbirds
Authors: Surbhi  , Rastogi Ashutosh , Malik Shalie , Rani Sangeeta , Kumar Vinod 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThis study examines whether differences in annual life‐history states (LHSs) among the inhabitants of two latitudes would have an impact on the neuronal plasticity of the song‐control system in songbirds. At the times of equinoxes and solstices during the year (n = 4 per year) corresponding to different LHSs, we measured the volumetric changes and expression of doublecortin (DCX; an endogenous marker of the neuronal recruitment) in the song‐control nuclei and higher order auditory forebrain regions of the subtropical resident Indian weaverbirds (Ploceus philippinus) and Palearctic‐Indian migratory redheaded buntings (Emberiza bruniceps). Area X in basal ganglia, lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior nidopallium (LMAN), HVC (proper name), and robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA) were enlarged during the breeding LHS. Both round and fusiform DCX‐immunoreactive (DCX‐ir) cells were found in area X and HVC but not in LMAN or RA, with a significant seasonal difference. Also, as shown by increase in volume and by dense, round DCX‐ir cells, the neuronal incorporation was increased in HVC alone during the breeding LHS. This suggests differences in the response of song‐control nuclei to photoperiod‐induced changes in LHSs. Furthermore, DCX immunoreactivity indicated participation of the cortical caudomedial nidopallium and caudomedial mesopallium in the song‐control system, albeit with differences between the weaverbirds and the buntings. Overall, these results show seasonal neuronal plasticity in the song‐control system closely associated with annual reproductive LHS in both of the songbirds. Differences between species probably account for the differences in the photoperiod‐response system between the relative refractory weaverbirds and absolute refractory redheaded buntings. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:2914–2929, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improved Efficiency of Molecular‐Gel Formation by Adjusting Preorganization of Amino‐Acid‐Derived Flexible Molecules: A NMR and Thermodynamic study
Authors: Angulo‐Pachón César A. , Gascó‐Catalán Carolina , Ojeda‐Flores Juan J. , Miravet Juan F. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe efficiency of the formation of molecular gels of simple derivatives of l‐valine and l‐isoleucine is greatly improved in different organic solvents when a hexyl fragment is replaced by a bulkier cyclohexyl one. A study using NMR and IR spectroscopy provides information on the preferred conformations of the molecules, indicating that the cyclohexyl moiety precludes intramolecular H bonding and preorganises the system for intermolecular interactions, which are responsible for fiber formation. NMR data of the gels provides thermodynamic data on fibrillization, revealing that the origin of this effect is mainly entropic. Electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) images show fibrillar and tape‐like objects, which are observed commonly in molecular gels. Rheological measurements reveal significant differences between cyclohexyl and hexyl appended gelators. These findings could contribute to the rational design of small, flexible, building blocks for self‐assembly.
Effect of Potassium on the Mechanisms of Biomass Pyrolysis Studied using Complementary Analytical Techniques
Authors: Le Brech Yann , Ghislain Thierry , Leclerc Sébastien , Bouroukba Mohammed , Delmotte Luc , Brosse Nicolas , Snape Colin , Chaimbault Patrick , Dufour Anthony 
Published: March 2016

AbstractComplementary analytical methods have been used to study the effect of potassium on the pyrolysis mechanisms of cellulose and lignocellulosic biomasses. Thermogravimetry, calorimetry, high‐temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy (in situ and real‐time analysis of the fluid phase formed during pyrolysis), and water extraction of quenched char followed by size‐exclusion chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry have been combined. Potassium impregnated in cellulose suppresses the formation of anhydrosugars, reduces the formation of mobile protons, and gives rise to a mainly exothermic signal. The evolution of mobile protons formed from K‐impregnated cellulose has a very similar pattern to the evolution of the mass loss rate. This methodology has been also applied to analyze miscanthus, demineralized miscanthus, miscanthus re‐impregnated with potassium after demineralization, raw oak, and Douglas fir. Hydrogen mobility and transfer are of high importance in the mechanisms of biomass pyrolysis.
flowClean: Automated identification and removal of fluorescence anomalies in flow cytometry data
Authors: Fletez‐Brant Kipper , Špidlen Josef , Brinkman Ryan R. , Roederer Mario , Chattopadhyay Pratip K. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractModern flow cytometry systems can be coupled to plate readers for high‐throughput acquisition. These systems allow hundreds of samples to be analyzed in a single day. Quality control of the data remains challenging, however, and is further complicated when a large number of parameters is measured in an experiment. Our examination of 29,228 publicly available FCS files from laboratories worldwide indicates 13.7% have a fluorescence anomaly. In particular, fluorescence measurements for a sample over the collection time may not remain stable due to fluctuations in fluid dynamics; the impact of instabilities may differ between samples and among parameters. Therefore, we hypothesized that tracking cell populations (which represent a summary of all parameters) in centered log ratio space would provide a sensitive and consistent method of quality control. Here, we present flowClean, an algorithm to track subset frequency changes within a sample during acquisition, and flag time periods with fluorescence perturbations leading to the emergence of false populations. Aberrant time periods are reported as a new parameter and added to a revised data file, allowing users to easily review and exclude those events from further analysis. We apply this method to proof‐of‐concept datasets and also to a subset of data from a recent vaccine trial. The algorithm flags events that are suspicious by visual inspection, as well as those showing more subtle effects that might not be consistently flagged by investigators reviewing the data manually, and out‐performs the current state‐of‐the‐art. flowClean is available as an R package on Bioconductor, as a module on the free‐to‐use GenePattern web server, and as a plugin for FlowJo X. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Real time kinetic flow cytometry measurements of cellular parameter changes evoked by nanosecond pulsed electric field
Authors: Orbán Csaba , Pérez‐García Esther , Bajnok Anna , McBean Gethin , Toldi Gergely , Blanco‐Fernandez Alfonso 
Published: March 2016

AbstractNanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) is a novel method to increase cell proliferation rate. The phenomenon is based on the microporation of cellular organelles and membranes. However, we have limited information on the effects of nsPEF on cell physiology. Several studies have attempted to describe the effects of this process, however no real time measurements have been conducted to date. In this study we designed a model system which allows the measurement of cellular processes before, during and after nsPEF treatment in real time. The system employs a Vabrema MitoplicatorTM nsPEF field generating instrument connected to a BD Accuri C6 cytometer with a silicon tube led through a peristaltic pump. This model system was applied to observe the effects of nsPEF in mammalian C6 glioblastoma (C6 glioma) and HEK‐293 cell lines. Viability (using DRAQ7 dye), intracellular calcium levels (using Fluo‐4 dye) and scatter characteristics were measured in a kinetic manner. Data were analyzed using the FACSKin software. The viability and morphology of the investigated cells was not altered upon nsPEF treatment. The response of HEK‐293 cells to ionomycin as positive control was significantly lower in the nsPEF treated samples compared to non‐treated cells. This difference was not observed in C6 cells. FSC and SSC values were not altered significantly by the nsPEF treatment. Our results indicate that this model system is capable of reliably investigating the effects of nsPEF on cellular processes in real time. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry