bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalencia de nomofobia en estudiantes de medicina de la UPTC 2023
Authors: Charry Jiménez Lina Margarita , Rodríguez Duque María Paula , Oviedo Delgado Ludy Stefany , Quintana Jaimes Myriam Angelic , Vargas Rodríguez Ledmar Jovanny 
Published: October 2024

Introducción: en los últimos años, el uso masivo e inadecuado de los teléfonos móviles está ocasionado un aumento considerable en el número de problemas mentales relacionados a la tecnología. Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia de nomofobia por medio del cuestionario de Nomofobia (NMP-Q) (2015), en estudiantes de medicina del área clínica de la UPTC. Metodología: estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal. Población: sujetos entre 18 y 26 años de edad que estudian medicina en la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia; muestra no probabilística, secuencial por conveniencia. Se utilizó la versión adaptada al español de la Escala de Nomofobia (NMP-Q), compuesta por 20 ítems. Resultados: prevalencia significativamente mayor de nomofobia con niveles de leve 20,0%; Nomofobia moderada 70,0% y nomofobia severa 10,0%. Se encuentra una mayor prevalencia de nomofobia severa en el sexo femenino. Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos revelan una problemática que afecta a la totalidad (100%) de la población estudiantil de este estudio, compuesta por jóvenes adultos. Al contrastar estos resultados con investigaciones previas, se destaca una prevalencia significativamente mayor de nomofobia en comparación con estudios que informan que el 70.76% de la población adulta en general se ve afectada por esta fobia. Es pertinente señalar que esto podría tener un impacto sustancial en diversas funciones cognitivas, en los hábitos de estudio e incluso en la salud mental de los estudiantes. Se sugiere continuar con investigaciones adicionales relacionadas con esta temática, ampliando la muestra de estudiantes, y buscando la implementación de estrategias diseñadas para abordar eficazmente esta fobia característica de la era moderna.
Інтелектуальна система керування з підкріпленим навчанням для розв’язання задач відеоігор
Authors: Осипенко М. , Шимкович В. , Кравець П. , Новацький А. , Шимкович Л. 
Published: October 2024

Об’єктом дослідження є інтелектуальні системи керування віртуальними агентами в відеоіграх. Метою дослідження є підвищення ефективності вирішення задачі побудови інтелектуальних агентів з використанням нейронних мереж і стратегії навчання з підкріпленням для проходження відеоігор. Для досягнення мети пропонується нейромережева модель на базі модифікованого трансформера та двох повнозв’язних нейромереж для ефективного вирішення завдань відеоігор із навчанням з підкріпленням. Продемонстровано в середовищі відеоігор Battle City, що ретельна розробка функцій стану може дати набагато кращі результати без змін в алгоритмі навчання з підкріпленням, значно прискорити навчання та надати агенту можливість узагальнювати та вирішувати раніше невідомі рівні.
Бібл. 25, іл. 5, табл. 2
Підходи до керування системами управління та розповсюдження навчальних курсів
Authors: Іващенко Ол.-Д. , Ульяницька К. 
Published: October 2024

Об’єктом дослідження є системи управління навчальними курсами. У статті здійснено огляд основних підходів до розробки та впровадження таких систем, враховуючи їх головні особливості та специфіку використання в різних організаційних структурах. Таким чином, для невеликих систем найкращим буде централізований підхід, а для систем, потребуючих високої стандартизації контенту – гібридні. Метою роботи є оптимізація роботи системи ще на стадії проектування, в залежності від вимог і особливостей. Для цього пропонується три підходи зі своїми слабкими та сильними сторонами та особливостями імплементації у реальному середовищі. У статті наведені приклади їх успішного застосування в реальних умовах та застосунках.
Бібл. 5, іл. 3.
CryoPROS: Correcting Misalignment Caused by Preferred Orientation Using AI-generated Auxiliary Particles
Authors: Bao Chenglong , zhang Hui , Zheng Dihan , Wu Qiurong , Yan Nieng , Shi Zuoqiang , Hu Mingxu , Peng Han , Hu Qi , Yan Zhaofeng , Peng Ying 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The preferred orientation phenomenon is a common issue in cryo-EM, posing a persistent challenge to conventional reconstruction methods. In this study, we introduce CryoPROS, a computational framework designed to correct misalignment caused by preferred orientation through co-refining the raw and auxiliary particles. These auxiliary particles, generated using a self-supervised deep generative model, enhance the alignment accuracy of particles in datasets affected by preferred orientation. CryoPROS achieved near-atomic resolution with the untilted HA-trimer dataset and successfully resolved high-resolution structures from three experimental datasets, including P001-Y, Na\textsubscript{\textsl{X}}, and hormone-sensitive lipase dimer, all affected by preferred orientation issues. Extensive experiments validate the robustness of cryoPROS and its minimal risk of introducing model bias. These findings suggest that in many cases thought to suffer from preferred orientation, addressing misalignment issues can lead to significant improvements in the density map.
Transcriptional pathways of terminal differentiation in high- and low-density blood granulocytes in sepsis
Authors: Guenther Tobias , Coulibaly Anna , Velásquez Sonia Y. , Schulte Jutta , Fuderer Tanja , Sturm Timo , Hahn Bianka , Thiel Manfred , Lindner Holger A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Trauma and infection induce emergency granulopoiesis. Counts of immature granulocytes and transcriptional pathways of terminal granulocytic differentiation in blood are elevated in sepsis but correlate with disease severity. This limits their performance as sepsis biomarkers in critically ill patients. We hypothesized that activation of these pathways in sepsis is attributable to immature low-density (LD) rather than mature high-density (HD) granulocytes.
Methods
We included patients with sepsis and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) of comparable disease severity, and additionally septic shock, on intensive or intermediate care unit admission. Blood granulocyte isolation by CD15 MicroBeads was followed by density-gradient centrifugation. Flow cytometry was used to determine counts of developmental stages and their relative abundancies in total, HD, and LD granulocytes. Five degranulation markers were quantified in plasma by multiplex immunoassays. A set of 135 genes mapping granulocyte differentiation was assayed by QuantiGene™ Plex. CEACAM4, PLAC8, and CD63 were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Nonparametric statistical tests were applied.
Results
Precursor counts appeared higher in sepsis than SIRS but did not correlate with disease severity for early immature and mature granulocytes. Precursor subpopulations were enriched at least ten-fold in LD over HD granulocytes without sepsis-SIRS differences. Degranulation markers in blood were comparable in sepsis and SIRS. Higher expression of early developmental genes in sepsis than SIRS was more pronounced in LD and less in HD than total granulocytes. Only the cell membrane protein encoding genes CXCR2 and CEACAM4 were more highly expressed in SIRS than sepsis. By qRT-PCR, the azurophilic granule genes CD63 and PLAC8 showed higher sepsis than SIRS levels in LD granulocytes and PLAC8 also in total granulocytes where its discriminatory performance resembled C-reactive protein (CRP).
Conclusions
Transcriptional programs of early terminal granulocytic differentiation distinguish sepsis from SIRS due to both higher counts of immature granulocytes and elevated activity of early developmental genes in sepsis. The sustained activity of PLAC8 in mature granulocytes likely accounts for its selection in the whole blood SeptiCyte™ LAB test. Total granulocyte PLAC8 rivals CRP as sepsis biomarker. However, infection-specific transcriptional pathways, that differentiate sepsis from sterile stress-induced granulocytosis more reliably than CRP, remain to be identified.
Pain Control Following Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Surgery: A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Two Different Protocols
Authors: Gaballah Kamis , Eldohaji Tuleen , Tannir Maha El , Shaban Roula , Habib Ruaa , Ali Kamran 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The Use of multimodal analgesia is a common practice in clinical settings, where a combination of drugs with different mechanisms of action is used to enhance the effectiveness of an analgesic and reduce its adverse effects. This study, which aimed to compare the efficacy of concurrent ibuprofen and paracetamol with alternate administration in the management of postoperative pain after the surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars, has yielded significant findings with practical implications. A single-center, double-masked, parallel-group, randomized controlled clinical trial involved 56 patients undergoing scheduled surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. Patients were randomly assigned to either Group A (Control), where they were instructed to take one tablet of ibuprofen 400 mg and two tablets of paracetamol 500 mg together every 8 hours for 48 hours, or Group B (Study), where they were instructed to take one tablet of ibuprofen 400 mg and two tablets of paracetamol 500 mg alternatively every 4 hours for 48 hours. The primary outcome measure was the intensity of postoperative pain, which was evaluated using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) ranging from 0 to 10. The secondary outcome measure was the timing of the onset of the analgesic effect, the duration of pain relief, the frequency of rescue drug administration, and the time interval between taking the recommended medication and the need for rescue medication. Investigators involved in analyzing the patients' responses were blinded to the pain control regime used by the participants. Pain intensity during the first 48 hours after the extractions showed that most participants experienced "some pain," including 50% in Group A and 35.7% in Group B. The percentage of patients reporting "no pain" was higher in group B than in group A, although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.495). More than half of the participants (53%) in group A reported needing an extra dose in the 48-hour follow-up period, while 85% in group B reported pain relief (p = 0.002). When correlating the mean pain score to the complexity level, in patients with moderate complexity of extraction, higher pain scores were recorded in group B. The study concludes that administering analgesics alternatively results in more effective pain relief for patients undergoing surgical extractions of the lower third molar, a finding that has practical implications for the management of postoperative pain in oral and maxillofacial surgery. The surgical extraction of the impacted mandibular third molar is the most common procedure in oral and maxillofacial surgery. However, it is often associated with postoperative complications. The most frequent complication following the surgical intervention is pain.
Development and Clinical Application of a PCR-UV Assay for Detection of Carbapenem Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Bloodstream infections
Authors: Yu Lin , Zhang Jingzhi , Liu Ze , Liu Siyi , Zhang Yandong , Wu Ziman , Zheng Xiaodan , Zhou Xianling , Sun Baoqing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective: Bloodstream infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) are a significant public health concern, with high morbidity and mortality rates. The detection and identification of CRAB is essential for early diagnosis and treatment. Hence, a rapid and economical CRAB-associated Bloodstream infections(BSIs) detection method is of urgent need.
Methods: A tripling PCR-UV reaction system was designed
for detecting the antibiotic resistance gene OXA23, OXA51 and AB-specific gene. The specificity of the primers , limit of detection (LOD), reproducibility, and accuracy of the assay were evaluated. The PCR products were analyzed using UV and ImageJ analysis directly, which provided a quickly interpretation of the results. Furthermore, the established assay was validated on clinical isolates and compared with blood culture and drug sensitivity tests.
Results: The tripling PCR-UV method established in this study demonstrated strong primer specificity, distinguishing CRAB among 23 common clinical pathogens. The results of this PCR method have been validated by electrophoresis for good accuracy and reproducibility, with a Limit of Detection (LOD) of 3.0 x 10-1 ng/uL. Meanwhile, the optimal annealing temperature for the triple method was optimized to 56.4 ℃. The result of PCR amplification could be judged by the result of the gray value of the tube to be tested / the gray value of the blank control of the same batch. The ratio>1.3 is CRAB, the ratio between 1.1-1.3 is carbapenem-sensitive Acinetobacter baumannii (CSAB), the ratio<1.1 is negative result. When applied to detect 30 patients with BSIs of AB, the results were consistent with clinical blood culture identification and drug sensitivity tests.
Conclusion: The tripling PCR-UV assay developed in this study is a UV-visual, rapid, and cost-effective method for the detection of Acinetobacter baumannii(AB) and identification of CRAB in bloodstream infections. The assay could be particularly useful in grassroots units where expensive molecular instruments are not readily available and could help in the diagnosis and treatment of CRAB infections in BSIs.
Incorporation of regulatory DNA elements within a viral vector improves recombinant protein expression in plants
Authors: Coates Ryan Jamie , Scofield Simon , Young Mark Thomas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Plants have significant potential as recombinant protein expression chassis, as they can produce complex post-translationally modified proteins that are unobtainable using prokaryotic production systems, with almost limitless scalability and substantially reduced costs relative to eukaryotic cell cultures. Transient protein expression reduces the time taken between transformation and recombinant protein extraction and purification, however low protein yields relative to conventional stable expression systems remain a major obstacle. Here, we have assessed the effectiveness of combining several established genetic components, including a promoter, 5’ UTR, 3’ UTR, double terminator, and matrix attachment region, to modify the TMV-based pJL-TRBO expression vector for improved recombinant protein expression in plants. Using enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) as a reporter, we quantified expression using fluorescence imaging in planta together with SDS-PAGE and western blotting and showed that our optimum construct resulted in a ~ 7-fold increase relative to pJL-TRBO-eGFP. This increase was exclusively due to the presence of the additional 5’ UTR. We anticipate that our expression constructs will be a useful tool for high-yield plant recombinant protein production and may serve as a template for further improvements.
Effects of mesenchymal stem cells from different sources on the biological functions of multiple myeloma cells
Authors: Yanju Li , Li Yanju , Liu Yang , Yang Xu , Yang Bo , Cheng Jinyang , Chen Juan , Yuan Xiaoshuang , Xu Xiao , Liu Guangyang , He Zhixu , Wang Feiqing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background The therapeutic benefits of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are largely dependent on paracrine factors, but the supernatants of the different MSCs may have different effects on multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Therefore, this study compared supernatants of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) with umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) in different states (non-senescent and replicative senescence) on the MM cells.Methods We extracted human BM-MSCs and UC-MSCs in vitro and used H2O2 to induce replicative senescence. Concentrated supernatants from MSCs and senescent MSCs (SMSCs) were added to MM cells. Cell proliferation, the cell cycle, apoptosis, cell migration, tumor stemness factor expression, and cytokine expression levels were analyzed. Transcription regulation of signaling pathways was discussed.Results We successfully isolated and identified BM-MSCs, UC-MSCs, and SMSCs. When concentrated supernatants from BM-MSCs, UC-MSCs, senescent BM-MSCs (SBM-MSCs), senescent UCMSCs (SUC-MSCs) were used to treat MM cells, BMMSCs and SBM-MSCs supernatants promoted the proliferation of MM cells, with a more pronounced effect by SBM-MSCs. UC-MSCs and SUC-MSCs supernatants inhibited the viability and proliferation of MM cells. BM-MSCs and SBM-MSCs supernatants increased the proportion of MM cells in the S-phase, with the effect of SBM-MSCs being more evident. UC-MSCs and SUC-MSCs supernatants arrested MM cells in the G0/G1 phase. BM-MSCs and SBM-MSCs supernatants enhanced the migration and tumor stemness of MM cells, with SBMMSCs having a more dramatic effect. UC-MSCs and SUC-MSCs supernatants inhibited the migration and tumor stemness of MM cells, with UC-MSCs having a more inhibitory effect. IL-6 and VEGFA expression correlated negatively with the survival of patients with MM according to online database analysis, in addition, we found that the expression of IL-6 and VEGFA was higher in MM patients through GEO database analysis. BM-MSCs and SBM-MSCs supernatants treatment increased the expression of IL-6 and VEGFA on MM cells,while UC-MSCs and SUC-MSCs supernatants inhibited their expression. Signal pathway validation showed that the biological function of MSCs in MM is closely related to the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway.Conclusion the supernatants of BM-MSCs promote the proliferation of MM cells, On the contrary, the supernatants of UC-MSCs inhibit MM cell proliferation. We observed that MSCs from different sources and different states have contrasting biological functions in MM cells. Furthermore, this research was provided to the optimal cancer gene therapy vector for MM was UC-MSCs, even UC-MSCs was in the state of senescence.
White matter integrity mediated the effect of plasma uric acid levels on cognitive function in ALS patients
Authors: Tang Jiahui , Zhao Yali , Chen Yu , Yang Yuan , Gong Zhenxiang , Li Zehui , Zhang Jing , Zhang Min 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the association between plasma uric acid levels and white matter microstructural changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients and to explore the potential mediating role of white matter microstructural changes in the protective effect of plasma uric acid on cognitive function in ALS patients.
Methods: 73 right-handed ALS patients were recruited for this study. Plasma uric acid levels were measured, diffusion tensor imaging scans were performed to assess white matter integrity, and cognition was evaluated using the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioral Screen. The relationships among plasma uric acid, white matter integrity, and cognitive function were examined through multivariate linear regression analysis. Additionally, mediation analysis was performed to investigate whether white matter integrity mediated the relationship between uric acid levels and cognitive function.
Results: The findings revealed a positive correlation between plasma uric acid levels and extensive preservation of white matter microstructural in various regions, including the cerebellar, internal capsule, and frontotemporal lobe bundles among ALS patients. Mediation analysis indicated that fractional anisotropy in the hippocampal portion of the cingulum fully mediated the effects of plasma uric acid level on global cognitive function and executive function in ALS patients.
Interpretation: Our results suggested that elevated plasma uric acid may preserve the integrity of white matter microstructure in ALS patients. Furthermore, we have identified evidence supporting the mediating influence of the hippocampal portion of the cingulum in linking plasma uric acid levels to cognitive function among ALS patients.
Effect of national health insurance benefit extension policy on long-term outcomes of ventilated patients with pneumonia: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Yoo Wanho , Jang Hyojin , Lee Min Ki , Mok Jeongha , Kim Mi-Hyun , Kim Yeongdae , Son Jungmin , Kim Jinmi , Lee Kwangha 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between 1-year mortality and health insurance benefit extension policy items in severe pneumonia patients requiring mechanical ventilation using a South Korean nationwide cohort. This study was conducted using the Korean National Health Insurance database. A total of 1,099 patients (542 patients in the health insurance benefit item group and 557 patients in the control group) were included. The primary outcome was 1-year mortality. Among patients with health insurance benefit extension policy items, 203 patients (37.5%) were diagnosed with hemato-oncological disease, who were categorized as group A, and 339 patients (62.5%) were diagnosed with cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, or rare diseases, who were categorized as group B. Group B had lower 1-year mortality (50.7% vs. 62.5%, P < 0.001), higher total medical expenditure (median: 31,543 vs. 18,132 U.S. dollars [USD], P < 0.001), and lower out-of-pocket medical expenditure (median: 2,835 vs. 3,318 USD, P < 0.001) than the control group. Cox regression analysis revealed that group B benefit items were associated with lower 1-year mortality (hazard ratio, 0.697; 95% confidence interval, 0.580–0.836; P < 0.001). The results suggest that the health insurance benefit extension policy was associated with use of more medical resources and lower 1-year mortality.
Development and validation of a nomogram risk prediction model for PICC-related thrombosis in children with hematological malignancies
Authors: Fu Maoling , Yang Qiaoyue , Yuan Quan , Wu Xiao , Yang Ting , Li Xinyu , Jiang Lexue , Qin Xiuli , Yan Huiping , Yu Genzhen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Early recognition and prevention are of great significance in reducing the incidence of Peripheral Intravenous Central Catheter (PICC)-related thrombosis. This study aimed to develop and validate a clinical risk prediction tool for PICC-related thrombosis in children with hematological malignancies.
Methods
Retrospectively selected children with hematological malignancies receiving PICC catheterization from January 2018 to December 2023 in Tongji Hospital as the study subjects and randomly divided into the training and validation sets according to the ratio of 7:3. A total of 54 possible predictor variables were collected from the hospital’s electronic medical record system and subjected to univariate and multivariate analyses. Logistic regression models were used to establish nomograms, which were evaluated by discrimination, calibration degree, and clinical applicability.
Results
519 children were enrolled, of whom 98 (18.9%) were diagnosed with PICC-related thrombosis during retention. The final nomogram model incorporated six independent risk factors, including leukemia, number of catheters, history of catheterization, total parenteral nutrition, post-catheterization D-dimer, and post-catheterization fibrinogen. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.844 (95% CI: 0.787 ~ 0.900) and 0.794 (95% CI: 0.698 ~ 0.890) for the training and validation sets, respectively, indicating that the model had good discrimination. All calibration curves showed that the model was well calibration degree. The decision curve analysis showed better net benefit of our model in predicting PICC-related thrombosis risk over a range of threshold probabilities from 5–87% and 91–97% in the training set, and from 4–85% in the validation set.
Conclusions
This nomogram model can be used as an effective tool to predict the risk of PICC-related thrombosis in children with hematological malignancies. It will facilitate pediatricians in early diagnosis, which is critical to reducing the incidence of PICC-related thrombosis.