bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding acceptability of and engagement with Web‐based interventions aiming to improve quality of life in cancer survivors: A synthesis of current research
Authors: Corbett Teresa , Singh Karmpaul , Payne Liz , Bradbury Katherine , Foster Claire , Watson Eila , Richardson Alison , Little Paul , Yardley Lucy 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis review sought to summarize existing knowledge to inform the development of an online intervention that aims to improve quality of life after cancer treatment.MethodsTo inform our intervention, we searched for studies relating to Web‐based interventions designed to improve quality of life in adults who have completed primary treatment for breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer (as these are 3 of the most common cancers and impact a large number of cancer survivors). We included a variety of study designs (qualitative research, feasibility/pilot trials, randomized trials, and process evaluations) and extracted all available information regarding intervention characteristics, experiences, and outcomes. Data were synthesized as textual (qualitative) data and analyzed by using thematic analysis.ResultsFifty‐seven full text articles were assessed for eligibility, and 16 papers describing 9 interventions were analyzed. Our findings suggest that cancer survivors value interventions that offer content specific to their changing needs and are delivered at the right stage of the cancer trajectory. Social networking features do not always provide added benefit, and behavior change techniques need to be implemented carefully to avoid potential negative consequences for some users.ConclusionsFuture work should aim to identify appropriate strategies for promoting health behavior change, as well as the optimal stage of cancer survivorship to facilitate intervention delivery.Clinical ImplicationsThe development of Web‐based interventions for cancer survivors requires further exploration to better understand how interventions can be carefully designed to match this group's unique needs and capabilities. User involvement during development may help to ensure that interventions are accessible, perceived as useful, and appropriate for challenges faced at different stages of the cancer survivorship trajectory.
Intercalating Ti2Nb14O39 Anode Materials for Fast‐Charging, High‐Capacity and Safe Lithium–Ion Batteries
Authors: Lin Chunfu , Deng Shengjue , Kautz David J. , Xu Zhihao , Liu Tao , Li Jianbao , Wang Ning , Lin Feng 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTi–Nb–O binary oxide materials represent a family of promising intercalating anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries. In additional to their excellent capacities (388–402 mAh g–1), these materials show excellent safety characteristics, such as an operating potential above the lithium plating voltage and minimal volume change. Herein, this study reports a new member in the Ti–Nb–O family, Ti2Nb14O39, as an advanced anode material. Ti2Nb14O39 porous spheres (Ti2Nb14O39‐S) exhibit a defective shear ReO3 crystal structure with a large unit cell volume and a large amount of cation vacancies (0.85% vs all cation sites). These morphological and structural characteristics allow for short electron/Li+‐ion transport length and fast Li+‐ion diffusivity. Consequently, the Ti2Nb14O39‐S material delivers significant pseudocapacitive behavior and excellent electrochemical performances, including high reversible capacity (326 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C), high first‐cycle Coulombic efficiency (87.5%), safe working potential (1.67 V vs Li/Li+), outstanding rate capability (223 mAh g–1 at 40 C) and durable cycling stability (only 0.032% capacity loss per cycle over 200 cycles at 10 C). These impressive results clearly demonstrate that Ti2Nb14O39‐S can be a promising anode material for fast‐charging, high capacity, safe and stable lithium‐ion batteries.
Neuroprotective Effects of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor on Human Retinal Ganglion Cells
Authors: Osborne Andrew , Sanderson Julie , Martin Keith R. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Optic neuropathies such as glaucoma occur when retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the eye are injured. Strong evidence suggests mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could be a potential therapy to protect RGCs; however, little is known regarding their effect on the human retina. We, therefore, investigated if human MSCs (hMSCs), or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) as produced by hMSC, could delay RGC death in a human retinal explant model of optic nerve injury. Our results showed hMSCs and the secreted growth factor PDGF-AB could substantially reduce human RGC loss and apoptosis following axotomy. The neuroprotective pathways AKT, ERK, and STAT3 were activated in the retina shortly after treatments with labeling seen in the RGC layer. A dose dependent protective effect of PDGF-AB was observed in human retinal explants but protection was not as substantial as that achieved by culturing hMSCs on the retina surface which resulted in RGC cell counts similar to those immediately post dissection. These results demonstrate that hMSCs and PDGF have strong neuroprotective action on human RGCs and may offer a translatable, therapeutic strategy to reduce degenerative visual loss.
Drug nanocrystals for cancer therapy
Authors: Miao Xiaoqing , Yang Wuwei , Feng Tao , Lin Jing , Huang Peng 
Published: October 2017

Drug nanocrystals (NCs) with fascinating physicochemical properties have attracted great attention in drug delivery. High drug‐loading efficiency, great structural stability, steady dissolution, and long circulation time are a few examples of these properties, which makes drug NCs an excellent formulation for efficient cancer therapy. In the last two decades, there are a lot of hydrophobic or lipophilic drugs, such as paclitaxel (PTX), camptothecin (CPT), thymectacin, busulfan, cyclosporin A, 2‐devinyl‐2‐(1‐hexyloxyethyl) pyropheophorbide (HPPH), and so on, which have been formulated into drug NCs for cancer therapy. In this review, we summarized the recent advances in drug NCs‐based cancer treatment. So far, there are main three methods to synthesize drug NCs, including top‐down, bottom‐up, and combination methods. The characterization methods of drug NCs were also elaborated. Furthermore, the applications and mechanisms of drug NCs were introduced by their administration routes. At the end, we gave a brief conclusion and discussed the future perspectives of drug NCs in cancer therapy.This article is categorized under:

Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Behead and live long or the tale of cathepsin L
Authors: Streubel Maria Karolin , Bischof Johannes , Weiss Richard , Duschl Jutta , Liedl Wolfgang , Wimmer Herbert , Breitenbach Michael , Weber Manuela , Geltinger Florian , Richter Klaus , Rinnerthaler Mark 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn recent decades Saccharomyces cerevisiae has proven to be one of the most valuable model organisms of aging research. Pathways such as autophagy or the effect of substances like resveratrol and spermidine that prolong the replicative as well as chronological lifespan of cells were described for the first time in S. cerevisiae. In this study we describe the establishment of an aging reporter that allows a reliable and relative quick screening of substances and genes that have an impact on the replicative lifespan. A cDNA library of the flatworm Dugesia tigrina that can be immortalized by beheading was screened using this aging reporter. Of all the flatworm genes, only one could be identified that significantly increased the replicative lifespan of S.cerevisiae. This gene is the cysteine protease cathepsin L that was sequenced for the first time in this study. We were able to show that this protease has the capability to degrade such proteins as the yeast Sup35 protein or the human α‐synuclein protein in yeast cells that are both capable of forming cytosolic toxic aggregates. The degradation of these proteins by cathepsin L prevents the formation of these unfolded protein aggregates and this seems to be responsible for the increase in replicative lifespan.
Inflammatory molecules and neurotrophic factors as biomarkers of neuropsychomotor development in preterm neonates: A Systematic Review
Authors: Magalhães Rafael C. , Pimenta Letícia P. , Barbosa Izabela G. , Moreira Janaina M. , de Barros João L.V.M. , Teixeira Antônio L. , Simões e Silva Ana C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo provide a systematic review investigating the role of inflammatory molecules and neurotrophic factors as biomarkers of neuropsychomotor development in preterm neonates. Data Source: Databases including PubMed, BIREME, and Scopus were systematically searched. Observational studies, as well as transversal, and cohort studies using human subjects published from 1990 to September 2017 were eligible for inclusion. Two authors independently identified eligible studies and analyzed their characteristics, quality, and accuracy in depth. Data synthesis: 11 eligible studies clearly investigated the association between peripheral inflammation and motor and/or cognitive development in preterm infants. However, the selected populations differed in relation to the events associated with prematurity and the risk factors to abnormal motor and/or cognitive development. These studies measured circulating levels of cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, acute phase proteins, and growth factors. The most commonly analyzed proteins were IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF, CCL5/RANTES, CXCL8/IL‐8, IGFBP‐1, and VEGF. In seven of the eligible studies, plasma levels of IL‐6 correlated with development delay. Two studies reported correlation between CXCL8/IL‐8 plasma levels with cognitive and motor delay. In one study, higher levels of MCP‐1/CCL2 were associated with better cognitive and motor outcome. Conclusion: There is preliminary evidence indicating that circulating inflammatory molecules are associated with motor and cognitive development in preterm neonates, even considering different populations.
Individual variability in clinical effect and tolerability of opioid analgesics – Importance of drug interactions and pharmacogenetics
Authors: Solhaug Vigdis , Molden Espen 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Background
As pain is often a comorbid condition, many patients use opioid analgesics in combination with several other drugs. This implies a generally increased risk of drug interactions, which along with inherent pharmacogenetic variability and other factors may cause differences in therapeutic response of opioids.

Aim
To provide an overview of interactions and pharmacogenetic variability of relevance for individual differences in effect and tolerability of opioid analgesics, which physicians and other healthcare professionals should be aware of in clinical practice.

Methods
The article was based on unsystematic searches in PubMed to identify literature highlighting the clinical impact of drug interactions and pharmacogenetics as sources of variable response of opioid analgesics.

Results
Cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated metabolism is an important process for both clinically relevant interactions and pharmacogenetic variability of several opioids. Concomitant use of CYP inhibitors (e.g. paroxetine, fluoxetine and bupropion) or inducers (e.g. carbamazepine, phenobarbital and phenytoin) could counteract the clinical effect or trigger side effects of analgesics in the same manner as genetically determined differences in CYP2D6-mediated metabolism of many opioids. Moreover, combination treatment with drugs that inhibit or induce P-glycoprotein (ABCB1), a blood-brain barrier efflux transporter, may alter the amount (‘dose’) of opioids distributed to the brain. At the pharmacodynamic level, it is crucial to be aware of the potential risk of interaction causing serotonergic syndrome when combining opioids and serotonergic drugs, in particular antidepressants inhibiting serotonin reuptake (SSRIs and SNRIs). Regarding pharmacogenetics at the receptor level of pain treatment, the knowledge is currently scarce, but an allelic variant of the μ1 opioid receptor (OPRM1) gene has been associated with higher dosage requirement to achieve analgesia.

Conclusions and implications
Drug interactions and pharmacogenetic differences may lead to therapeutic failure or serious side effects of opioid analgesics. Many interactions involve combinations with antidepressants and antiepileptics, which are highly relevant drugs in patients suffering from pain. To prevent unfavourable drug interactions it is important that clinicians pay close attention and use electronic drug interaction checkers when treatments are initiated or discontinued. For the management of issues related to pharmacogenetic differences, blood-based CYP genotyping is available as routine test at many laboratories, and provide a valuable tool for proper choice of drugs and doses for treatment of pain and other diseases.
An innovative short-stay health care model for treatment of uncomplicated vaso-occlusive crisis in adult sickle cell disease patients in Canada to reduce emergency department utilization
Authors: Binding Andrew , Ward Richard , Phua Chai , Naessens Veronique , O’Brien Tara , Bhatia Sacha , Baranek Hayley , Marani Husayn , Mukerji Geetha 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectivesPatients with sickle cell disease (SCD) with vaso-occlusive crises (VOC) often visit the emergency department (ED) for management of painful episodes. The primary objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the acceptability of a short-stay model for treatment of VOC in SCD outside of the ED in Toronto, Canada. Secondary objectives were to assess patient satisfaction of this model, barriers to its use and comparison of clinical outcomes to a historical control.MethodsAdult SCD patients with symptoms of an uncomplicated VOC between October 2014 to July 2016 were managed according to best practice recommendations in a short-stay unit as an alternative to the local emergency room. Primary outcome of time to first analgesia, and secondary outcome of discharge rate were compared to a historical control at a local ED from 2009-2012. Satisfaction and barriers to use of the ambulatory care delivery model were assessed by patient survey.ResultsTwenty-one visits were recorded at the short-stay unit during the study period. Average time to first opiate dose was 23.5 minutes in the short-stay unit compared to 100.3 minutes in the ED (p<0.001). Discharge rate from the short-stay unit was 84.2%. Average patient satisfaction with this model of care was high (>4/5 on Likert scale) except for geographic accessibility (85% response rate, n=18).ConclusionThis study demonstrated high patient satisfaction and acceptability of a short-stay model for treatment of uncomplicated VOC in adult SCD patients in Toronto, the first of its kind in Canada.
A numerical investigation of the asymmetric wake mode of a squareback Ahmed body – effect of a base cavity
Authors: Lucas J.-M. , Cadot O. , Herbert V. , Parpais S. , Délery J. 
Published: October 2017

Numerical simulations of the turbulent flow over the flat backed Ahmed model at Reynolds number $Re\simeq 4\times 10^{5}$ are conducted using a lattice Boltzmann solver to clarify the mean topology of the static symmetry-breaking mode of the wake. It is shown that the recirculation region is occupied by a skewed low pressure torus, whose part closest to the body is responsible for an extra low pressure imprint on the base. Shedding of one-sided vortex loops is also reported, indicating global quasi-periodic dynamics in conformity with the seminal work of Grandemange et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 722, 2013, pp. 51–84). Despite the limited low frequency resolution of the simulation, power spectra of the lateral velocity fluctuations at different locations corroborate the presence of this quasi-periodic mode at a Strouhal number of $St=0.16\pm 0.03$. A shallow base cavity of $5\,\%$ of the body height reduces the drag coefficient by $3\,\%$ but keeps the recirculating torus and its interaction with the base mostly unchanged. The drag reduction lies in a global constant positive shift of the base pressure distribution. For a deep base cavity of $33\,\%$ of the body height, a drag reduction of $9.5\,\%$ is obtained. It is accompanied by a large elongation of the recirculation inside the cavity that considerably attenuates the low pressure sources therein together with a symmetrization of the low pressure torus. The global quasi-periodic mode is found to be inhibited by the cavity.
Closed form expressions for two harmonic continued fractions
Authors: Bunder Martin , Tonien Joseph 
Published: October 2017

A continued fraction is an expression of the formThe expression can continue for ever, in which case it is called an infinite continued fraction, or it can stop after some term, when we call it a finite continued fraction. For irrational numbers, a continued fraction expansion often reveals beautiful number patterns which remain obscured in their decimal expansion. The interested reader is referred to [1] for a collection of many interesting continued fractions for famous mathematical constants.
The Ebb and Flow of Copper and Iron Smelting in the South Caucasus
Authors: Erb-Satullo Nathaniel L , Gilmour Brian J J , Khakhutaishvili Nana 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe Eastern Black Sea region of the South Caucasus contains an extremely rich record of metallurgical remains that is poorly known outside of the former Soviet Union. Large numbers of relatively small smelting sites dot the foothill regions, forming a dispersed, yet large-scale metallurgical landscape. New fieldwork in the region has followed up on earlier Soviet period research, relocating and reanalyzing previously known sites and identifying new ones. This paper presents a series of 33 radiocarbon (14C) dates from copper and iron smelting sites in this region. Dates from copper smelting sites suggest that copper smelting occurred over a shorter and more intense period than previously thought, between about 1300 and 800 BC. Dates from newly discovered iron smelting sites place these activities in two episodes during the Classical-Hellenistic period (ca. 500–200 BC) and the High Medieval period (ca. AD 1050–1400). The dramatic expansion in bronze production immediately prior to the adoption of iron mirrors patterns in other regions of Europe and the Near East, and has implications for understanding the economic contexts in which iron emerged. While the new dates from iron smelting sites provide only an initial outline of the iron production chronology in the region, they represent an important step for resolving outstanding issues from previous investigations.
Cold acclimation increases cold tolerance independently of diapause programing in the bean bug, Riptortus pedestris
Authors: Rozsypal J. , Moos M. , Goto S.G. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe bean bug (Riptortus pedestris) is a pest of soybeans and other legumes in Japan and other Asian countries. It enters a facultative adult diapause on exposure to short days. While photoperiodism and diapause are well understood in R. pedestris, knowledge of cold tolerance is very limited, as is information on the effect of diapause on cold tolerance. We examined the effect of photoperiod, cold acclimation, and feeding status on cold tolerance in R. pedestris. We found that cold acclimation significantly increased survival at −10°C in both long- and short-day adult R. pedestris. Since the difference in cold survival between long- and short-day cold-acclimated groups was only marginal, we conclude that entering diapause is not crucial for R. pedestris to successfully pass through cold acclimation and become cold tolerant. We observed similar effects in 5th instar nymphs, with both long- and short-day cold-acclimated groups surviving longer cold exposures compared with non-acclimated groups. Starvation, which was tested only in adult bugs, had only a negligible and negative impact on cold survival. Although cold tolerance significantly increased with cold acclimation in adult bugs, supercooling capacity unexpectedly decreased. Our results suggest that changes in supercooling capacity as well as in water content are unrelated to cold tolerance in R. pedestris. An analysis of metabolites revealed differences between the treatments, and while several metabolites markedly increased with cold acclimation, their concentrations were too low to have a significant effect on cold tolerance.
In vitroselection ofPhytomonas serpenscells resistant to the calpain inhibitor MDL28170: alterations in fitness and expression of the major peptidases and efflux pumps
Authors: OLIVEIRA SIMONE S. C. , GONÇALVES INÊS C. , ENNES-VIDAL VITOR , LOPES ANGELA H. C. S. , MENNA-BARRETO RUBEM F. S. , D’ÁVILA-LEVY CLAUDIA M. , SANTOS ANDRÉ L. S. , BRANQUINHA MARTA H. 
Published: October 2017

SUMMARYThe speciesPhytomonas serpensis known to express some molecules displaying similarity to those described in trypanosomatids pathogenic to humans, such as peptidases fromTrypanosoma cruzi(cruzipain) andLeishmaniaspp. (gp63). In this work, a population ofP. serpensresistant to the calpain inhibitor MDL28170 at 70µm(MDLRpopulation) was selected by culturing promastigotes in increasing concentrations of the drug. The only relevant ultrastructural difference between wild-type (WT) and MDLRpromastigotes was the presence of microvesicles within the flagellar pocket of the latter. MDLRpopulation also showed an increased reactivity to anti-cruzipain antibody as well as a higher papain-like proteolytic activity, while the expression of calpain-like molecules cross-reactive to anti-Dm-calpain (fromDrosophila melanogaster) antibody and calcium-dependent cysteine peptidase activity were decreased. Gp63-like molecules also presented a diminished expression in MDLRpopulation, which is probably correlated to the reduction in the parasite adhesion to the salivary glands of the insect vectorOncopeltus fasciatus. A lower accumulation of Rhodamine 123 was detected in MDLRcells when compared with the WT population, a phenotype that was reversed when MDLRcells were treated with cyclosporin A and verapamil. Collectively, our results may help in the understanding of the roles of calpain inhibitors in trypanosomatids.