bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐performance liquid chromatography evaluation of the enantiomeric purity of amino acids by means of automated precolumn derivatization with ortho‐phthalaldehyde and chiral thiols
Authors: Kühnreich Raphael , Holzgrabe Ulrike 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe use of ortho‐phthalaldehyde (OPA) for the derivatization of amino acids (AA) is well known. It enables the separation of the derivatives on common reversed phase columns and improves the sensitivity with fluorescence detection. With the use of a chiral thiol an indirect enantioseparation of chiral amines and AAs is feasible. The major drawback of the OPA‐derivatization is the poor stability of the products. Here, a method with an in‐needle derivatization procedure is optimized to facilitate a quantitative conversion of the AA with OPA and the chiral thiols N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine or N‐isobutyryl‐L‐cysteine, followed by a subsequent analysis, eluding the stability issue. Both enantiomers of a single AA were separated as OPA‐derivatives with a pentafluorophenyl column and a gradient program consisting of 50 mM sodium acetate buffer pH = 5.0 and acetonitrile. Fluorescence detection is commonly used to achieve sufficient sensitivity. In this study, the enantiomeric impurity of an AA can be detected indirectly with common UV spectrophotometric detection with a limit of quantitation of 0.04%. Seventeen different L‐AAs were tested and the amount of D‐AA for each individual AA was calculated by means of area normalization, which ranged from not detectable up to 4.29%. The recovery of the minor enantiomer of L‐ and D‐AA was demonstrated for three AAs at a 0.04% level and ranged between 92.3 and 113.3%, with the relative standard deviation between 1.7 and 8.2%.
Muscular pattern in three species of Macrostomum (platyhelminthes, macrostomorpha)
Authors: Adami Mariana L. , Brusa Francisco , Ronderos Jorge R. , Damborenea Cristina 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTPrevious studies demonstrated complex architecture of the muscular system of Macrostomum species, especially in the rostrum area and the pharynx. However, little is known about the differences in muscular pattern between species of the genus. This study examines and compares the muscular systems of specimens belonging to three freshwater Macrostomum species (M. quiritium, M. tuba and M. velastylum), labeled with phalloidin‐rhodamine and studied by confocal microscopy. Our results agree with the previous descriptions, confirming that the muscular patterns for the body wall, rostrum area, pharynx and caudal region differ among species. The muscles of the body wall follow the typical architecture, but the number of fibers in the species analyzed varies between dorsal and ventral surfaces, ranging from 80 to 100 fibers, this record being higher than previous observations. The arrangement of the fibers in the rostrum is complex, especially in the brain area. Macrostomum tuba and M. quiritium have a set of two muscles crossing at brain level and forming an “X,” which is not evident in M. velastylum. We identified five different sets of fibers associated to the pharynx and mouth at ventral, medium and deep levels. These different sets are present in all three species studied. The caudal plate in M. tuba has an additional layer of diagonal fibers in the body wall, which is not evident in the other two species. The muscles of the reproductive system are independent of the body wall musculature in the species analyzed, but connected to the intestinal wall by specific fibers that may serve as an anchor. J. Morphol. 278:264–282, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals,Inc.
Openness to Experience Enhances Creativity: The Mediating Role of Intrinsic Motivation and the Creative Process Engagement
Authors: Tan Chee‐Seng , Lau Xiao‐Shan , Kung Yian‐Thin , Kailsan Renu A/L 
Published: November 2016

AbstractStudies indicate that there is a positive relationship between openness to experience and creativity. However, relatively little attention has been given to the mechanism of this relationship. On the basis of previous findings, we hypothesized a conceptual model and tested the mediating role of intrinsic motivation and the creative process engagement in the relationship between openness to experience and creativity. One hundred and ninety‐eight undergraduates in Malaysia participated in the study and completed an online measure of openness to new experience, creativity, intrinsic motivation, and the creative process engagement. Consistent with the hypothesis, people who scored high on openness reported high intrinsic motivation. The high motivation enhanced engagement in creativity‐related activities, which in turn, improved self‐rated creativity. The findings not only shed light on mechanisms that underlie in the openness‐creativity linkage but they also highlight the importance of intrinsic motivation and creative process engagement in the linkage. Together, the study extends the effect of personality trait on creativity and offers a new direction for future studies.
Can Creativity Beat Death? A Review and Evidence on the Existential Anxiety Buffering Functions of Creative Achievement
Authors: Perach Rotem , Wisman Arnaud 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe relationship between creativity and symbolic immortality had been long acknowledged by scholars. In a review of the literature, we found 12 papers that empirically examined the relationship between creativity and mortality awareness using a Terror Management Theory paradigm, overall supporting the notion that creativity plays an important role in the management of existential concerns. Also, a mini meta‐analysis of the impact of death awareness on creativity resulted in a small‐medium weighted mean effect. We examined the existential anxiety buffering functions of creative achievement as assessed by the Creative Achievement Questionnaire in a sample of 108 students. It was found that at high, but not low, levels of creative goals, creative achievement was associated with lower death‐thought accessibility under mortality salience in comparison to controls. To our knowledge, this is the first empirical report of the anxiety buffering functions of creative achievement among people for whom creativity constitutes a central part of their cultural worldview. The current findings support the notion that creative achievement may be an avenue for symbolic immortality, particularly among individuals who value creativity. Implications for understanding death‐related creativity motivations and their impact on individuals and society and for the promotion of creative achievement and creative motivation are discussed.
Evidence for Feedback Regulation Following Cholesterol Lowering Therapy in a Prostate Cancer Xenograft Model
Authors: Masko Elizabeth M. , Alfaqih Mahmoud A. , Solomon Keith R. , Barry William T. , Newgard Christopher B. , Muehlbauer Michael J. , Valilis Nikolaos A. , Phillips Tameika E. , Poulton Susan H. , Freedland Alexis R. , Sun Stephanie , Dambal Shweta K. , Sanders Sergio E. , Macias Everardo , Freeman Michael R. , Dewhirst Mark W. , Pizzo Salvatore V. , Freedland Stephen J. 
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUNDEpidemiologic data suggest cholesterol‐lowering drugs may prevent the progression of prostate cancer, but not the incidence of the disease. However, the association of combination therapy in cholesterol reduction on prostate or any cancer is unclear. In this study, we compared the effects of the cholesterol lowering drugs simvastatin and ezetimibe alone or in combination on the growth of LAPC‐4 prostate cancer in vivo xenografts.METHODSProliferation assays were conducted by MTS solution and assessed by Student's t‐test. 90 male nude mice were placed on a high‐cholesterol Western‐diet for 7 days then injected subcutaneously with 1 × 105 LAPC‐4 cells. Two weeks post‐injection, mice were randomized to control, 11 mg/kg/day simvastatin, 30 mg/kg ezetimibe, or the combination and sacrificed 42 days post‐randomization. We used a generalized linear model with the predictor variables of treatment, time, and treatment by time (i.e., interaction term) with tumor volume as the outcome variable. Total serum and tumor cholesterol were measured. Tumoral RNA was extracted and cDNA synthesized from 1 ug of total RNA for quantitative real‐time PCR.RESULTSSimvastatin directly reduced in vitro prostate cell proliferation in a dose‐dependent, cell line‐specific manner, but ezetimibe had no effect. In vivo, low continuous dosing of ezetimibe, delivered by food, or simvastatin, delivered via an osmotic pump had no effect on tumor growth compared to control mice. In contrast, dual treatment of simvastatin and ezetimibe accelerated tumor growth. Ezetimibe significantly lowered serum cholesterol by 15%, while simvastatin had no effect. Ezetimibe treatment resulted in higher tumor cholesterol. A sixfold induction of low density lipoprotein receptor mRNA was observed in ezetimibe and the combination with simvastatin versus control tumors.CONCLUSIONSSystemic cholesterol lowering by ezetimibe did not slow tumor growth, nor did the cholesterol independent effects of simvastatin and the combined treatment increased tumor growth. Despite lower serum cholesterol, tumors from ezetimibe treated mice had higher levels of cholesterol. This study suggests that induction of low density lipoprotein receptor is a possible mechanism of resistance that prostate tumors use to counteract the therapeutic effects of lowering serum cholesterol. Prostate 77:446–457, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Crystal structure of heart 6‐phosphofructo‐2‐kinase/fructose‐2,6‐bisphosphatase (PFKFB2) and the inhibitory influence of citrate on substrate binding
Authors: Crochet Robert B. , Kim Jeong‐Do , Lee Herie , Yim Young‐Sun , Kim Song‐Gun , Neau David , Lee Yong‐Hwan 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThe heart‐specific isoform of 6‐phosphofructo‐2‐kinase/fructose‐2,6‐bisphosphatase (PFKFB2) is an important regulator of glycolytic flux in cardiac cells. Here, we present the crystal structures of two PFKFB2 orthologues, human and bovine, at resolutions of 2.0 and 1.8 Å, respectively. Citrate, a TCA cycle intermediate and well‐known inhibitor of PFKFB2, co‐crystallized in the 2‐kinase domains of both orthologues, occupying the fructose‐6‐phosphate binding‐site and extending into the γ‐phosphate binding pocket of ATP. This steric and electrostatic occlusion of the γ‐phosphate site by citrate proved highly consequential to the binding of co‐complexed ATP analogues. The bovine structure, which co‐crystallized with ADP, closely resembled the overall structure of other PFKFB isoforms, with ADP mimicking the catalytic binding mode of ATP. The human structure, on the other hand, co‐complexed with AMPPNP, which, unlike ADP, contains a γ‐phosphate. The presence of this γ‐phosphate made adoption of the catalytic ATP binding mode impossible for AMPPNP, forcing the analogue to bind atypically with concomitant conformational changes to the ATP binding‐pocket. Inhibition kinetics were used to validate the structural observations, confirming citrate's inhibition mechanism as competitive for F6P and noncompetitive for ATP. Together, these structural and kinetic data establish a molecular basis for citrate's negative feed‐back loop of the glycolytic pathway via PFKFB2. Proteins 2016; 85:117–124. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Food deprivation facilitates reinstatement of morphine‐induced conditioned place preference: Role of intra‐accumbal dopamine D2‐like receptors in associating reinstatement of morphine CPP with stress
Authors: Sadeghzadeh Fatemeh , Babapour Vahab , Haghparast Abbas 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe high rate of relapse to drug use is one of the main problems in the treatment of addiction. Stress plays the essential role in drug abuse and relapse; nevertheless, little is known about the mechanisms underlying stress and relapse. Accordingly, the effects of intra‐accumbal administration of Sulpiride, as a dopamine D2‐like receptor antagonist, on an ineffective morphine dose + food deprivation(FD)‐ and morphine priming‐induced reinstatement of conditioned place preference (CPP). About 104 adult male albino Wistar rats weighing 200–280 g were bilaterally implanted by cannula into the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Subcutaneous (sc) injection of morphine (5 mg kg−1) was used daily during a 3‐day conditioning phase. After a 24‐hr “off” period following achievement of extinction criterion, rats were tested for FD‐ and priming‐induced reinstatement of morphine CPP by an ineffective (0.5 mg kg−1, sc) and priming (1 mg kg−1, sc) dose of morphine, respectively. In the next experiments, animals received different doses of intra‐accumbal Sulpiride (0.25, 1, and 4 µg/0.5 µL saline) bilaterally and were subsequently tested for morphine reinstatement. Our findings indicated that the 24‐hr FD facilitated reinstatement of morphine CPP. Furthermore, the D2‐like receptor antagonist attenuated the ineffective morphine dose+ FD‐ and priming‐induced reinstatement of morphine CPP dose‐dependently. Also, contribution of D2‐like receptors in mediation of the ineffective morphine dose+ FD‐induced reinstatement of CPP was greater than morphine priming‐induced reinstatement of CPP. The role of dopaminergic system in morphine reinstatement through a neural pathway in the NAc provides the evidence that D2‐like receptor antagonist can be useful therapeutic targets for reinstatement of morphine CPP.
Assessment of Arm Port Access Events for 2 Different Port Designs
Authors: Burbridge Brent , Doell Heather J. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Background: Patients in our health region received 1 of 2 different arm ports, totally implanted venous access devices (TIVADs), for the management of their malignancies. One of the ports was a nonpower-injectable design and the other was power-injectable. Infusion nurses most commonly access TIVADs in our health region. It was our goal to evaluate infusion nursing access events for these 2 different TIVADs to determine whether nurses experienced any practical, or functional, differences based on port design.
Methods: For this quality assurance project a locally designed, paper-based, questionnaire was developed and administered. Infusion nurses completed the questionnaire after they had accessed an arm TIVAD for intravenous chemotherapy. Sequential access events were tracked for 2 months.
Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the responses related to the 2 different TIVAD designs. Identifying the type of implanted TIVAD for each access event in the study group provided some challenges for the infusion nurses. Eighteen nonpower-injectable ports were erroneously identified as power-injectable.
Conclusions: The results illustrate that our local cancer center infusion nurses were a very experienced group who have been able to adapt to the 2 different arm TIVAD designs. There was no statistically different access event parameters for the 2 different port designs. Additional end-user education may be warranted to improve port design identification.
Development and Testing of a Short Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Insertion Skills Checklist
Authors: Schuster Catherine , Stahl Brian , Murray Connie , Keleekai Nowai L. , Glover Kevin 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
To date, there is no published, psychometrically validated, short peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) insertion skills checklist. Creating a valid, reliable, and generalizable checklist to measure PIVC skill is a key step in assessing baseline competence and skill mastery. Based on recognized standards and best practices, the PIVC Insertion Skills Checklist was developed to measure all the steps necessary for a best practice PIVC insertion. This includes the entire process from reading the prescriber's orders to documentation and, if the first attempt is unsuccessful, a second attempt option. Content validity was established using 3 infusion therapy experts. Evidence in support of response process validity is described. The PIVC Insertion Skills Checklist was used by 8 trained raters to assess the PIVC insertion skills, in a simulated environment, of 63 practicing clinicians working on medical and surgical units in a US teaching hospital. Internal consistency of the PIVC Insertion Skills Checklist was α = 0.84. Individual item intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) between rater and gold standard observations ranged from − 0.01 to 1.00 and total score ICC was 0.99 (95% confidence interval, 0.99–0.99). The current study offers validity and reliability evidence to support the use of the PIVC Insertion Skills Checklist to measure PIVC insertion skill of clinicians in a simulated environment.
The Feasibility and Effects of Acupuncture in an Adolescent Nordic Ski Population
Authors: Garlanger Kristin L. , Fredericks William H. , Do Alexander , Bauer Brent A. , Laskowski Edward R. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundStudies investigating the use and effectiveness of acupuncture in adults after exercise have been well documented. Fewer studies involving acupuncture have been completed in the adolescent athlete population. To our knowledge, there are no published studies that investigate the use of acupuncture in adolescent athletes within their field of play.ObjectiveTo primarily assess the feasibility of performing acupuncture in adolescent Nordic skiers within their athletic environment, and secondarily to measure the effect of acupuncture on muscle soreness and sense of well‐being.DesignProspective feasibility study.SettingLocal outdoor cross country ski trails and indoor lodge.ParticipantsFifteen healthy participants (80% female, 20% male; age 14‐17 years) were involved on at least 1 of 5 treatment days.InterventionFifteen‐minute treatments were administered using traditional needle acupuncture following the first 5 consecutive Nordic Ski Team practices of the season in an attempt to capture the effect of acupuncture on delayed‐onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Acupuncture points specific to muscle groups in the lower limbs that are commonly reported as painful during Nordic skiing were chosen. Pre‐ and posttreatment surveys included visual analogue scales (VAS) to track participant responses.Outcome MeasuresTime, cost, side effects, and participant to provider ratio was observed to determine feasibility. Effect on muscle soreness and sense of well‐being was measured via pre‐ and posttreatment VAS (0‐10) rating analyses.ResultsTotal time required by research staff on treatment days was 90 minutes; total cost, $1500; temperature range, −13.9°C to −2.8°C, and largest participant to acupuncturist ratio, 7:1. No major side effects occurred. The majority (73%) of participants reported minimal side effects; most common was treatment site pain. The overall pre‐ to posttreatment effect on muscle soreness (average over 5 days) demonstrated significantly improved posttreatment scores (P = .04). The effect of the day (average over pre‐ and posttreatment values) demonstrated significantly higher muscle soreness scores on day 3 versus day 1 (P = .03). At study completion, all participants indicated that they would consider acupuncture in the future and would recommend treatments to friends or teammates.ConclusionProviding acupuncture to adolescent Nordic ski athletes in the practice field under extreme temperatures is feasible with the appropriate resources. Despite mild side effects, acupuncture was well received by the athletes. Lessons learned from this trial can provide a framework for delivering acupuncture to other athletes in their training environment.Level of EvidenceIV
Blended learning y el desarrollo de la comunicación científica en un programa de especialización dental
Authors: Muñoz Francisca , Matus Olga , Pérez Cristhian , Fasce Eduardo 
Published: November 2016

Introducción: Para fomentar el aprendizaje permanente, los especialistas dentales deben ser capaces de evaluar e integrar las tendencias emergentes a una práctica clínica basada en la evidencia. Por esta razón, el desarrollo de habilidades de comunicación científica es muy necesario.
Objetivo: El objetivo principal de este estudio fue relacionar el cambio en los niveles autopercibidos de competencia en comunicación científica con el grado de satisfacción con la metodología blended learning (b-learning) utilizada para su desarrollo en estudiantes de un programa de especialización odontológica.
Método: Se diseñó un taller destinado a apoyar el desarrollo de competencias en comunicación científica en los alumnos de un programa de especialización en Endodoncia, utilizando tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC), a través de la plataforma Moodle® . Se evaluó la efectividad de la estrategia, comparando los niveles de competencia en comunicación científica autopercibidos por los alumnos al iniciar y al finalizar el taller en comunicación científica, el grado de satisfacción que tuvieron los alumnos con esta estrategia y la relación entre la satisfacción demostrada por los alumnos con la estrategia y su efectividad.
Resultados: Se pudo observar un aumento de las competencias en comunicación científica autopercibidas por los estudiantes luego de realizar el taller (p < 0.001). Asimismo, los participantes se mostraron satisfechos con la metodología y se encontraron relaciones estadísticamente significativas al evaluar la relación entre la diferencia de las mediciones en el nivel autopercibido de competencias en comunicación científica y las dimensiones del cuestionario de satisfacción con la metodología b-learning (p < 0.05).
Conclusiones: La metodología b-learning probó ser efectiva para el desarrollo de competencias en comunicación científica para estos estudiantes, quienes expresaron altos niveles de satisfacción con la estrategia b-learning, lo que se relacionó con la efectividad de la misma.
Structural decoding of netrin-4 reveals a regulatory function towards mature basement membranes
Authors: Reuten Raphael , Patel Trushar R. , McDougall Matthew , Rama Nicolas , Nikodemus Denise , Gibert Benjamin , Delcros Jean-Guy , Prein Carina , Meier Markus , Metzger Stéphanie , Zhou Zhigang , Kaltenberg Jennifer , McKee Karen K. , Bald Tobias , Tüting Thomas , Zigrino Paola , Djonov Valentin , Bloch Wilhelm , Clausen-Schaumann Hauke , Poschl Ernst , Yurchenco Peter D. , Ehrbar Martin , Mehlen Patrick , Stetefeld Jörg , Koch Manuel 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNetrins, a family of laminin-related molecules, have been proposed to act as guidance cues either during nervous system development or the establishment of the vascular system. This was clearly demonstrated for netrin-1 via its interaction with the receptors DCC and UNC5s. However, mainly based on shared homologies with netrin-1, netrin-4 was also proposed to play a role in neuronal outgrowth and developmental/pathological angiogenesis via interactions with netrin-1 receptors. Here, we present the high-resolution structure of netrin-4, which shows unique features in comparison with netrin-1, and show that it does not bind directly to any of the known netrin-1 receptors. We show that netrin-4 disrupts laminin networks and basement membranes (BMs) through high-affinity binding to the laminin γ1 chain. We hypothesize that this laminin-related function is essential for the previously described effects on axon growth promotion and angiogenesis. Our study unveils netrin-4 as a non-enzymatic extracellular matrix protein actively disrupting pre-existing BMs.