bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Observed Changes in Treated Hemp Hurds
Authors: Schwarzová Ivana 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The effort to achieve sustainable development using renewable materials instead of limited ones is the current trend in the construction industry. Need for the development of environmentally friendly products is related to industrial interest in using natural plant fibres as reinforcement in composites. The combination of organic filler and inorganic matrix creates high-quality products such as fibre boards and composites. Industrial hemp fibres are one of the mostly used natural fibres and due to their unique mechanical, thermal insulation, acoustic and antiseptic properties have a great potential in composite materials. However, improving the interfacial bond between fibre and matrix is an important factor in fibre-reinforced composites. Optimizing the adhesion between fibre and inorganic matrix is related to surface treatment processes. This paper deals with morphology characterization, study changes in the chemical composition and structure of hemp fibres using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) before and after physico-chemical treatment.
Development of the Laboratory Anaerobic Bioreactor for Wet and Dry Digestion Processes
Authors: Rusín Jiří , Chamrádová Kateřina , Kašáková Kateřina 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This article presents partial results of the laboratory development of an anaerobic bioreactor designed for the physical modelling of (semi)continuous dry or wet anaerobic digestion processes. A horizontal cylindrical tank reactor of 0.4 m3 total capacity has been developed. The reactor allows the continuous stirring of a liquid batch or the intermittent stirring of a solid batch. The bioreactor has been used as a lab-scale digestor in the research project dealing with high-solids (dry) anaerobic co-digestion organic fraction of mixed municipal solid waste. The first experiment was performed on the mixture of MSW with corn silage (1:1) with the weight of 300 kg.
Characterizing spatial distribution of the adsorbed water in wood cell wall of Ginkgo biloba L. by μ-FTIR and confocal Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Guo Xin , Wu Yiqiang , Yan Ning 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The adsorbed water influences significantly, the physical and mechanical properties of wood. In the present paper, the spatial distribution of adsorbed water in wood cell walls has been studied by μ-Fourier transform infrared (μ-FTIR) and confocal Raman spectroscopy. In situ μ-FTIR spectra were collected from three randomly selected areas in different cell wall regions, which were exposed to an environment with 0% to 96% relative humidity (RH). The water adsorption sites were easily detectable based on OH, C=O, and C-O group vibrations and it was shown that the adsorbed water concentration was not uniform in different regions. Confocal Raman spectroscopy images were collected from the cell corner (CC) and middle layer of the secondary wall (S2) and the non-uniformity of water distribution could also be confirmed by this approach. It was demonstrated that both μ-FTIR and confocal Raman spectroscopy provide valuable information about the spatial distribution of adsorbed water in morphologically distinct cell wall regions.
Monadic Printing Revisited
Authors: Grzanek Konrad 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Expressive and clear implementation of monadic printing requires an amount of work to define and design proper abstractions to rely upon when performing the actual programming works. Our previous realization of tree printing library left us with a sense of lack with respect to these considerations. This is why we decided to re-design and re-implement the library with core algorithms based upon new, effective and expressive text printing and concatenation routines. This paper presents the results of our work.
Sub-chronic indomethacin treatment and its effect on the male reproductive system of albino rats: possible protective role of black tea extract
Authors: Bagoji Ishwar B. , Hadimani Gavishiddappa A. , Yendigeri Saeed M. , Das Kusal K. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackground:Indomethacin is commonly used as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) to treat inflammation, arthritis and joint pains. Unfortunately, it has a wide range of adverse effects on the physiological system, including gonads. This study aimed to assess possible beneficial effects of black tea extract (BTE) against indomethacin-induced alteration of gonadal hormone levels in male rats.Methods:Adult male rats were divided into Group I (control), Group II (indomethacin, 5 mg/kg body weight [bwt.]; i.p., 21 days), Group III (BTE, 2.5 g tea leaf/dL of water, i.e. 2.5% of aqueous BTE, orally, 21 days) and Group IV (indomethacin+BTE, 21 days). Sperm count and motility, serum luteinising hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone, along with histopathology of testes were studied. One-way ANOVA, followed by post-hoc t-test were conducted.Results:Indomethacin-treated rats showed significant decrease in testicular weight, sperm count, sperm motility, serum gonadotropins and testosterone concentrations. Histopathology of the testes showed tortuous and distorted seminiferous tubules, marked thickening of the tubular basement membrane, reduced spermatogenesis process (>30%) and marked decrease in the number of interstitial cells of Leydig in indomethacin-treated rats. Interestingly, rats supplemented with BTE showed remarkable improvements in testicular weight gain, sperm count and motility, serum gonadotropins and testosterone concentrations, along with testicular histopathology.Conclusions:The results suggest that BTE might have potential ameliorative effects against sub-chronic indomethacin-induced alteration of gonadal hormone levels in male albino rats.
Functions of Uni- and Multi-citations: Implications for Weighted Citation Analysis
Authors: Zhao Dangzhi , Cappello Alicia , Johnston Lucinda 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Purpose
(1) To test basic assumptions underlying frequency-weighted citation analysis: (a) Uni-citations correspond to citations that are nonessential to the citing papers; (b) The influence of a cited paper on the citing paper increases with the frequency with which it is cited in the citing paper. (2) To explore the degree to which citation location may be used to help identify nonessential citations.

Design/methodology/approach
Each of the in-text citations in all research articles published in Issue 1 of the Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology (JASIST) 2016 was manually classified into one of these five categories: Applied, Contrastive, Supportive, Reviewed, and Perfunctory. The distributions of citations at different in-text frequencies and in different locations in the text by these functions were analyzed.

Findings
Filtering out nonessential citations before assigning weight is important for frequency-weighted citation analysis. For this purpose, removing citations by location is more effective than re-citation analysis that simply removes uni-citations. Removing all citation occurrences in the Background and Literature Review sections and uni-citations in the Introduction section appears to provide a good balance between filtration and error rates.

Research limitations
This case study suffers from the limitation of scalability and generalizability. We took careful measures to reduce the impact of other limitations of the data collection approach used. Relying on the researcher’s judgment to attribute citation functions, this approach is unobtrusive but speculative, and can suffer from a low degree of confidence, thus creating reliability concerns.

Practical implications
Weighted citation analysis promises to improve citation analysis for research evaluation, knowledge network analysis, knowledge representation, and information retrieval. The present study showed the importance of filtering out nonessential citations before assigning weight in a weighted citation analysis, which may be a significant step forward to realizing these promises.

Originality/value
Weighted citation analysis has long been proposed as a theoretical solution to the problem of citation analysis that treats all citations equally, and has attracted increasing research interest in recent years. The present study showed, for the first time, the importance of filtering out nonessential citations in weighted citation analysis, pointing research in this area in a new direction.
Insight into the Disciplinary Structure of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Authors: Luan Chunjuan , Porter Alan L. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Purpose
This paper aims to gain an insight into the disciplinary structure of nanoscience & nanotechnology (N&N): What is the disciplinary network of N&N like? Which disciplines are being integrated into N&N over time? For a specific discipline, how many other disciplines have direct or indirect connections with it? What are the distinct subgroups of N&N at different evolutionary stages? Such critical issues are to be addressed in this paper.

Design/methodology/approach
We map the disciplinary network structure of N&N by employing the social network analysis tool, Netdraw, identifying which Web of Science Categories (WCs) mediate nbetweenness centrality in different stages of nano development. Cliques analysis embedded in the Ucinet program is applied to do the disciplinary cluster analysis in the study according to the path of “Network-Subgroup-Cliques,” and a tree diagram is selected as the visualizing type.

Findings
The disciplinary network structure reveals the relationships among different disciplines in the N&N developing process clearly, and it is easy for us to identify which disciplines are connected with the core “N&N” directly or indirectly. The tree diagram showing N&N related disciplines provides an interesting perspective on nano research and development (R&D) structure.

Research limitations
The matrices used to draw the N&N disciplinary network are the original ones, and normalized matrix could be tried in future similar studies.

Practical implications
Results in this paper can help us better understand the disciplinary structure of N&N, and the dynamic evolution of N&N related disciplines over time. The findings could benefit R&D decision making. It can support policy makers from government agencies engaging in science and technology (S&T) management or S&T strategy planners to formulate efficient decisions according to a perspective of converging sciences and technologies.

Originality/value
The novelty of this study lies in mapping the disciplinary network structure of N&N clearly, identifying which WCs have a mediating effect in different developmental stages (especially analyzing clusters among disciplines related to N&N, revealing close or distant relationships among distinct areas pertinent to N&N).
Usage Count: A New Indicator to Detect Research Fronts
Authors: Liang Guoqiang , Hou Haiyan , Hu Zhigang , Huang Fu , Wang Yajie , Zhang Shanshan 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Purpose
Research fronts build on recent work, but using times cited as a traditional indicator to detect research fronts will inevitably result in a certain time lag. This study attempts to explore the effects of usage count as a new indicator to detect research fronts in shortening the time lag of classic indicators in research fronts detection.

Design/methodology/approach
An exploratory study was conducted where the new indicator “usage count” was compared to the traditional citation count, “times cited,” in detecting research fronts of the regenerative medicine domain. An initial topic search of the term “regenerative medicine” returned 10,553 records published between 2000 and 2015 in the Web of Science (WoS). We first ranked these records with usage count and times cited, respectively, and selected the top 2,000 records for each. We then performed a co-citation analysis in order to obtain the citing papers of the co-citation clusters as the research fronts. Finally, we compared the average publication year of the citing papers as well as the mean cited year of the co-citation clusters.

Findings
The citing articles detected by usage count tend to be published more recently compared with times cited within the same research front. Moreover, research fronts detected by usage count tend to be within the last two years, which presents a higher immediacy and real-time feature compared to times cited. There is approximately a three-year time span among the mean cited years (known as “intellectual base”) of all clusters generated by usage count and this figure is about four years in the network of times cited. In comparison to times cited, usage count is a dynamic and instant indicator.

Research limitations
We are trying to find the cutting-edge research fronts, but those generated based on co-citations may refer to the hot research fronts. The usage count of older highly cited papers was not taken into consideration, because the usage count indicator released by WoS only reflects usage logs after February 2013.

Practical implications
The article provides a new perspective on using usage count as a new indicator to detect research fronts.

Originality/value
Usage count can greatly shorten the time lag in research fronts detection, which would be a promising complementary indicator in detection of the latest research fronts.
More on narrative closure
Authors: Klauk Tobias , Köppe Tilmann , Onea Edgar 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this article, we shall contribute to the theory of narrative closure. In pre-theoretical terms, a narrative features closure if it has an ending. We start by giving a general introduction into the closure phenomenon. Next, we offer a reconstruction of Noël Carroll’s (2007. Narrative closure. Philosophical Studies 135. 1–15) erotetic account of narrative closure, according to which a narrative exhibits closure (roughly) if readers have a “feeling of finality” which in turn is based on the judgment that the presiding macro questions posed by the plot of the narrative get answered. We then discuss a number of questions raised by Carroll’s account, namely whether a definition of “narrative closure” based on his account is either too inclusive or too exclusive; whether narrative closure is a property of narratives or of plots; whether narrative closure comes in grades; whether “narrative closure” is a restrictive notion; and whether “narrative closure” should be ascribed online (incrementally) or on the basis of all-things-consideredex postinterpretations. Our answers to these questions are couched in terms of refined definitions, for this allows us to keep track of the progress and facilitates comparisons between the different proposals developed. Finally, we offer a definition of “narrative closure” that summarizes our amendments to Carroll’s theory.
Entropy Production in Chemical Reactors
Authors: Kingston Diego , Razzitte Adrián C. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe have analyzed entropy production in chemically reacting systems and extended previous results to the two limiting cases of ideal reactors, namely continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and plug flow reactor (PFR). We have found upper and lower bounds for the entropy production in isothermal systems and given expressions for non-isothermal operation and analyzed the influence of pressure and temperature in entropy generation minimization in reactors with a fixed volume and production. We also give a graphical picture of entropy production in chemical reactions subject to constant volume, which allows us to easily assess different options. We show that by dividing a reactor into two smaller ones, operating at different temperatures, the entropy production is lowered, going as near as 48 % less in the case of a CSTR and PFR in series, and reaching 58 % with two CSTR. Finally, we study the optimal pressure and temperature for a single isothermal PFR, taking into account the irreversibility introduced by a compressor and a heat exchanger, decreasing the entropy generation by as much as 30 %.
Developing Cross-cultural Competences through International Employees Flow – Experience of Subsidiaries Providing Business Services
Authors: Purgał-Popiela Joanna 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis paper is aimed to explore how international mobility (IM) practices are used to support the development of cross-cultural competences in two Polish-based subsidiaries providing business services within MNCs1. It is based on case study analyses, which allowed to include different points of view, i.e. head of HR, Polish ex-assignees, and co-workers of foreign assignees. Research reveals differences in terms of cross-cultural competence content and the manner in which it is enhanced by IM practices.
A retrospective analysis of longitudinal changes in bone mineral content in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Chirita-Emandi Adela , Shepherd Sheila , Kyriakou Andreas , McNeilly Jane D. , Dryden Carol , Corrigan Donna , Devenny Anne , Ahmed Syed Faisal 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackground:We aimed to describe the longitudinal changes in bone mineral content and influencing factors, in children with cystic fibrosis (CF).Methods:One hundred children (50 females) had dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) performed. Of these, 48 and 24 children had two to three scans, respectively over 10 years of follow-up. DXA data were expressed as lumbar spine bone mineral content standard deviation score (LSBMCSDS) adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity and bone area. Markers of disease, anthropometry and bone biochemistry were collected retrospectively.Results:Baseline LSBMCSDS was >0.5 SDS in 13% children, between −0.5; 0.5 SDS, in 50% and ≤−0.5 in the remainder. Seventy-eight percent of the children who had baseline LSBMCSDS >−0.5, and 35% of the children with poor baseline (LSBMCSDS<−0.5), showed decreasing values in subsequent assessments. However, mean LS BMC SDS did not show a significant decline in subsequent assessments (−0.51; −0.64; −0.56; p=0.178). Lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s percent (FEV1%) low body mass index standard deviation scores (BMI SDS) and vitamin D were associated with reduction in BMC.Conclusions:Bone mineral content as assessed by DXA is sub-optimal and decreases with time in most children with CF and this study has highlighted parameters that can be addressed to improve bone health.
Vascular risk factors are associated with retinal arteriolar narrowing and venular widening in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Keel Stuart , Itsiopoulos Catherine , Koklanis Konstandina , Vukicevic Meri , Cameron Fergus , Brazionis Laima 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackground:The aim of the study was to describe the relationship of retinal arteriolar and venular calibre with vascular risk factors in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.Methods:In this hospital-based cross-sectional study, the medical files of 483 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes were audited to collect retinal images and relevant clinical data. Retinal vascular calibre was measured using standardised protocols.Results:After multivariable adjustments, a vascular risk profile that included: older age, higher serum creatinine, higher systolic blood pressure (SBP), higher body mass index (BMI), abnormal estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), lower high-density lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol, longer duration of diabetes and higher serum sodium was associated with narrower central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE) (95% CI=−4.10/−0.76, p=0.004). A specific risk profile, including higher total cholesterol level, higher BMI, lower physical activity level, higher HbAConclusions:In summary, these findings support evidence that cardiovascular disease may have its origins early in life. Prospective and/or intervention studies are required to confirm whether the observed associations are involved in the causal pathway for retinal vascular calibre.
The significance of physiotherapy in the treatment of children with multiple traumatic injuries
Authors: Wolański Wojciech , Bęgowska-Falkowska Aleksandra , Słonka Karina , Hyla-Klekot Lidia 
Published: February 2017

AbstractRapid development of civilization, observed in the contemporary world, makes human life easier, but at the same time, it brings a lot of dangers and threats. Constant ‘race against the clock’, moving from one place to another, stress and fatigue result in a growing number of traffic accidents which claim the lives and health of adults as well as children. Most of the injuries are multiple traumatic injuries that affect two or more bodily organs or systems and cause damage to at least two body areas. They constitute exceptionally difficult, interdisciplinary therapeutic problem which is the most frequent cause of death and development of a disease in children over 3 years old.The aim of this research study was to conduct a retrospective analysis of physiotherapeutic procedures applied in the course of treatment of multiple trauma in children hospitalized in the Voivodship Medical Centre in Opole (Wojewódzkie Centum Medyczne).It was carried out in the group of 9 children aged 5-17 in the years of 2011-2013. As multiorgan injuries in children affect a developing body, they require a professional, interdisciplinary, therapeutic proceeding. The analysis of the ways of treatment shows that after securing basic vital functions of the children and the stabilization of their health, physiotherapy takes its turn. Its main role is to restore child’s physical ability, which was disordered due to the injury, as much as it is possible. According to the analysis of clinical and therapeutic progress in all 9 patients suffering from multi-organ injuries, an attempt has been undertaken to set the scheme of physiotherapeutic proceeding in such cases. Preparing the scheme, all basic rules of physiotherapeutic proceeding have been taken into consideration, namely, introducing therapeutic activities as soon as possible taking into account patient’s condition and the extent of damage/injury.The analysis proved that physiotherapy in multiple trauma is a complicated process that involves many techniques, methods and procedures. Moreover, every physiotherapeutic treatment ought to be adjusted individually to the patient depending on their condition and dysfunctions. Skilful management of the rehabilitation process significantly accelerates patient’s recovery to the extent of proper physical function, and limits the degree of disability after multipletrauma.