bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Graph Paper
Authors: Lindner Marcin , Valášek Michal , Mayor Marcel , Frauhammer Timo , Wulfhekel Wulf , Gerhard Lukas 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe present a self‐assembled template that consists of tetraphenylmethane derivatives and adopts a periodic lateral arrangement on a Au(111) surface with acetyl groups sticking out of the molecular film. By using the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope, these acetyl groups can be removed in a spatially controlled way without significantly affecting the remaining molecular assembly. The chemically modified molecules can be readily distinguished from the original ones such that information can be engraved in the molecular film. Both the modified nature of an individual molecule and the order of the molecular film are shown to persist at room temperature. The mesh size of this molecular graph paper can be tuned by varying the length of the molecular spacer so that writing and reading information on the nanoscale with variable letter sizes becomes possible.
A refined model for the mechanical properties of polymer composites with nanorods having different length distributions
Authors: Sapkota Janak , Gooneie Ali , Shirole Anuja , Martinez Garcia Julio Cesar 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThe aspect ratio of rod‐like nanofillers is an important factor that governs their percolation threshold in nanocomposites with a polymer of interest. Controlling the length distribution of a filler is an effective way to manipulate the onset of network formation and thereby materials properties that are related to the latter. The use of two or more different filler types with dissimilar aspect ratio is a special case to achieve such control. We here report the modification of an existing mechanical model to describe the mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites with a binary length distribution of nanofillers. The model was exemplarily applied to materials comprised of two nanorod types having high and low aspect ratio, respectively, and used to explain why the properties of such nanocomposites are strongly weighted by the nanorod type characterized by a higher aspect ratio and stiffness. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45279.
Influence of microstructure of lactone‐based triblock copolymers on drug release behavior of their microspheres
Authors: Kasyapi Nibedita , Dinesh Kumar K. , Bhowmick Anil K. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThe current work focuses on the influence of microstructure of different lactone‐based triblock copolymers on drug delivery, where the middle segment was δ‐valerolactone or ɛ‐caprolactone and the terminal segment was d,l‐lactide or cis‐lactide. Microspheres were fabricated from the triblocks using salicylic acid as the model drug. The microsphere formation and drug release were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetry. The size of the microspheres ranged from 2 to 20 µm in diameter. The diffusion coefficient values showed that replacement of the middle segment, δ‐valerolactone with ɛ‐caprolactone, retarded the diffusion of the drug molecules. The diffusion coefficient was lowered when d,l‐lactide content was decreased in the triblock. Mathematical models were used to predict the drug release from the microspheres of different triblocks. The modeling study on drug release profiles revealed that the biodegradable nature of the triblock played a crucial role in determining the drug release kinetics. The diffusion and degradation reaction justified the drug release from microsphere. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45284.
Photoinduced Cyclization of (o‐Alkylbenzoyl)phosphonates to Benzocyclobutenols
Authors: Ishida Naoki , Yano Takaaki , Yuhki Tatsuya , Murakami Masahiro 
Published: May 2017

Abstract(o‐Alkylbenzoyl)phosphonates readily cyclize to highly strained benzocyclobutenols simply upon irradiation with UV light. The remarkable efficiency is ascribed to the electron‐accepting character of the phosphonate substituent, which facilitates thermal ring closing of the o‐quinodimethane intermediate and suppresses reversion to the starting carbonyl compound.
Cascading Target Tracking Control in Wireless Camera Sensor and Actuator Networks
Authors: Wang Tian , Peng Zhen , Xu Wenzheng , Liang Junbin , Wang Guojun , Tian Hui , Cai Yiqiao , Chen Yonghong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRecent years have witnessed the fast development of camera sensor networks (CSNs), but most of the existing research methods are based on homogeneous CSNs, which are not cost‐effective and are hard to evolve from traditional wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In this paper, we focus on the target tracking problem in heterogeneous wireless camera sensor and actuator networks which consists of a large number of common static sensors and a small number of mobile camera sensors. The objective is to control camera sensors to track targets dependably with maximized effective monitoring time and short moving distance. We first design a novel tracking algorithm for tracking one target where multiple camera sensors cooperate with each other to track the target in a cascading scheme. Moreover, this cascading algorithm is extended for a multi‐target scenario in consideration of tracking performance and loading balance for multiple targets. The effectiveness of proposed control algorithms is validated by extensive simulation results, which show that they can achieve high monitoring efficiency and comparatively short moving distance.
A New Approach for Vehicle Lateral Velocity and Yaw Rate Control with Uncertainty
Authors: Sun Hao , Zhao Han , Huang Kang , Zhen Shengchao 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn order to attain excellent stability and maneuverability to ensure safety and ride‐comfort, the lateral velocity and yaw rate of a vehicle are expected to be controlled at any desired values simultaneously. A basic manipulation model of a vehicle with two degrees of freedom which requires two independent control inputs (front and rear steering angle) is constructed. In this model, we consider the mass and the moment of inertia of the vehicle are the uncertain parameters which are (possibly) fast‐varying. However, no further information, except that the uncertainties are bounded, is assumed. Furthermore, the bound is unknown. An adaptive robust control methodology based on the Udwadia and Kalaba approach which guarantees uniform boundedness and uniform ultimate boundedness is proposed to drive the system to follow the pre‐specified constraints approximately. The adaptive law is of leakage type which can adjust itself based on the tracking error. The numerical simulation results conducted by MATLAB demonstrate the ease and effectiveness of implementation.
A brief review of extrusion‐based tissue scaffold bio‐printing
Authors: Ning Liqun , Chen Xiongbiao 
Published: May 2017

AbstractExtrusion‐based bio‐printing has great potential as a technique for manipulating biomaterials and living cells to create three‐dimensional (3D) scaffolds for damaged tissue repair and function restoration. Over the last two decades, advances in both engineering techniques and life sciences have evolved extrusion‐based bio‐printing from a simple technique to one able to create diverse tissue scaffolds from a wide range of biomaterials and cell types. However, the complexities associated with synthesis of materials for bio‐printing and manipulation of multiple materials and cells in bio‐printing pose many challenges for scaffold fabrication. This paper presents an overview of extrusion‐based bio‐printing for scaffold fabrication, focusing on the prior‐printing considerations (such as scaffold design and materials/cell synthesis), working principles, comparison to other techniques, and to‐date achievements. This paper also briefly reviews the recent development of strategies with regard to hydrogel synthesis, multi‐materials/cells manipulation, and process‐induced cell damage in extrusion‐based bio‐printing. The key issue and challenges for extrusion‐based bio‐printing are also identified and discussed along with recommendations for future, aimed at developing novel biomaterials and bio‐printing systems, creating patterned vascular networks within scaffolds, and preserving the cell viability and functions in scaffold bio‐printing. The address of these challenges will significantly enhance the capability of extrusion‐based bio‐printing.
Population-based study to re-evaluate optimal lymph node yield in colonic cancer
Authors: Del Paggio J C , Peng Y , Wei X , Nanji S , MacDonald P H , Krishnan Nair C , Booth C M 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Background
It is well established that lymph node (LN) yield in colonic cancer resection has prognostic significance, although optimal numbers are not clear. Here, LN thresholds associated with both LN positivity and survival were evaluated in a single population-based data set.

Methods
Treatment records were linked to the Ontario Cancer Registry to identify a 25 per cent random sample of all patients with stage II / III colonic cancer between 2002 and 2008. Multivariable regression and Cox models evaluated factors associated with LN positivity and cancer-specific survival (CSS) respectively. Optimal thresholds were obtained using sequential regression analysis.

Results
On adjusted analysis of 5508 eligible patients, younger age (P &lt; 0·001), left-sided tumours (P = 0·003), higher T category (P &lt; 0·001) and greater LN yield (relative risk 0·89, 95 per cent c.i. 0·81 to 0·97; P = 0·007) were associated with a greater likelihood of LN positivity. Regression analyses with multiple thresholds suggested no substantial increase in LN positivity beyond 12–14 LNs. Cox analysis of stage II disease showed that lower LN yield was associated with a significant increase in the risk of death from cancer (CSS hazard ratio range 1·55–1·74; P &lt; 0·001) compared with a greater LN yield, with no significant survival benefit beyond a yield of 20 LNs. Similarly, for stage III disease, a lower LN yield was associated with an increase in the risk of death from cancer (CSS hazard ratio range 1·49–2·20; P &lt; 0·001) versus a large LN yield. In stage III disease, there was no observed LN threshold for survival benefit in the data set.

Conclusion
There is incongruity in the optimal LN evaluation for colonic cancer. Although the historically stated threshold of 12 LNs may ensure accurate staging in colonic cancer, thresholds for optimal survival are associated with far greater yields.
Using PyMOL to Explore the Effects of pH on Noncovalent Interactions between Immunoglobulin G and Protein A: A Guided‐Inquiry Biochemistry Activity
Authors: Roche Allred Zahilyn D. , Tai Heeyoung , Bretz Stacey Lowery , Page Richard C. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractStudents' understandings of foundational concepts such as noncovalent interactions, pH and pKa are crucial for success in undergraduate biochemistry courses. We developed a guided‐inquiry activity to aid students in making connections between noncovalent interactions and pH/pKa. Students explore these concepts by examining the primary and tertiary structures of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Protein A. Students use PyMOL, an open source molecular visualization application, to (1) identify hydrogen bonds and salt bridges between and within the proteins at physiological pH and (2) apply their knowledge of pH/pKa to association rate constant data for these proteins at pH 4 and pH 11. The laboratory activity was implemented within a one semester biochemistry laboratory for students majoring in allied health disciplines, engineering, and biological sciences. Several extensions for more advanced students are discussed. Students' overall performance highlighted their ability to successfully complete tasks such as labeling and identifying noncovalent interactions and revealed difficulties with analyzing noncovalent interactions under varying pH/pKa conditions. Students' evaluations after completing the activity indicated they felt challenged but also recognized the potential of the activity to help them gain meaningful understanding of the connections between noncovalent interactions, pH, pKa, and protein structure. © 2017 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 45(6):528–536, 2017.
Patterns of production of collagen‐rich deposits in peripheral nerves in response to injury: A pilot study in a rabbit model
Authors: Rivlin Michael , Miller Andrew , Tulipan Jacob , Beredjiklian Pedro K. , Wang Mark L. , Fertala Jolanta , Steplewski Andrzej , Kostas James , Fertala Andrzej 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroductionAlthough collagen‐rich deposits are the main component of neural scars, the patterns of their formation are ill defined. Essential to the biosynthesis of collagen fibrils are enzymes catalyzing posttranslational modifications and chaperones that control the formation of the collagen triple helix. Prolyl‐4‐hydroxylase (P4H) and heat shock protein‐47 (HSP47) play a key role, and their production is upregulated during scar formation in human tissues. Alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA) is also produced during fibrotic processes in myofibroblasts that participate in fibrotic response. In injured peripheral nerves, however, the distribution of cells that produce these markers is poorly understood.MethodsThe goal of this study was to determine the distribution of the αSMA‐positive, HSP47‐positive, and the P4H‐positive cells to better understand the formation of collagen‐rich fibrotic tissue (FT) in response to peripheral nerve injury. To reach this goal, we employed a rabbit model of crush‐injury and partial‐transection injury of the sciatic nerves.ResultsOur study demonstrated that αSMA is expressed in a relatively small number of cells seen in neural FT. In contrast, cells producing P4H and HSP47 are ubiquitously present in sites of injury of the sciatic nerves.ConclusionWe contemplate that these proteins may serve as valuable markers that define fibrotic activities in the injured peripheral nerves.
Mining relationships in learning‐oriented social networks
Authors: Sousa‐Vieira María E. , López‐Ardao Jose C. , Fernández‐Veiga Manuel , Rodríguez‐Pérez Miguel , López‐García Cándido 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe widespread use of computing and communications technologies has enabled the popularity of social networks oriented to learn. In this work, we study the nature and strength of associations between students using an online social network embedded in a learning management system. With datasets from three offerings of the same course, we mined the sequences of questions and answers posted by the students to identify structural properties of the social graph, patterns of collaboration among students and factors influencing the final academic achievements. The results show some hints to understand how users react to incentives in online social learning systems, useful for instance to measure the effectiveness of the learning tasks based on the patterns of students’ participation in the platform and adapt their design, or as early predictors of academic performance.
Cyclotides: Overview and Biotechnological Applications
Authors: Gould Andrew , Camarero Julio A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCyclotides are globular microproteins with a unique head‐to‐tail cyclized backbone, stabilized by three disulfide bonds forming a cystine knot. This unique circular backbone topology and knotted arrangement of three disulfide bonds makes them exceptionally stable to chemical, thermal, and biological degradation compared to other peptides of similar size. In addition, cyclotides have been shown to be highly tolerant to sequence variability, aside from the conserved residues forming the cystine knot. Cyclotides can also cross cellular membranes and are able to modulate intracellular protein–protein interactions, both in vitro and in vivo. All of these features make cyclotides highly promising as leads or frameworks for the design of peptide‐based diagnostic and therapeutic tools. This article provides an overview on cyclotides and their applications as molecular imaging agents and peptide‐based therapeutics.
The role of self‐serving cognitive distortions in reactive and proactive aggression
Authors: Oostermeijer Sanne , Smeets Kirsten C. , Jansen Lucres M. C. , Jambroes Tijs , Rommelse Nanda N. J. , Scheepers Floor E. , Buitelaar Jan K. , Popma Arne 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundAggression is often divided into reactive and proactive forms. Reactive aggression is typically thought to encompass ‘blaming others’ and ‘assuming the worst’, while proactive aggression relates to ‘self‐centeredness’ and ‘minimising/mislabelling’.AimOur aim was to evaluate relationships between reactive and proactive aggression and cognitive distortions and to test whether changes in these cognitions relate to changes in aggression.MethodsA total of 151 adolescents (60% boys; mean age 15.05 years, standard deviation 1.28) were enrolled in an evidence‐based intervention to reduce aggression. Due to attrition and anomalous responses, the post‐intervention sample involved 80 adolescents. Correlation and linear regression analyses were used to investigate the relationship between cognitive distortions and aggression.ResultsBlaming others was related to reactive aggression before the intervention, while all cognitive distortions were related to proactive aggression both pre‐ and post‐intervention. Changes in reactive aggression were uniquely predicted by blaming others, while changes in proactive aggression were predicted by changes in cognitive distortions overall.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this study is the first to show a relationship between changes in cognitive distortions and changes in aggression. Treatment of reactive aggression may benefit from focusing primarily on reducing cognitive distortions involving misattribution of blame to others. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxidized Lignin Depolymerization using Formate Ionic Liquid as Catalyst and Solvent
Authors: Dai Jinhuo , Patti Antonio F. , Longé Lionel , Garnier Gil , Saito Kei 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLignin has been widely studied as a sustainable source of renewable materials, particularly aromatic feedstock chemicals, which are in great and increasing need in the world. Lignin oxidation and depolymerization presents a promising approach to functionalized phenolic products. In this work, a novel oxidative degradation of lignin using a formate ionic liquid was investigated resulting in ethyl acetate soluble and also water‐soluble depolymerized lignin products. The β‐O‐4 bonds in lignin were oxidized and then depolymerized by a recyclable ionic liquid, 2‐hydroxy ethylammonium formate. 2‐Hydroxy ethylammonium formate, which could dissolve lignin acting as a solvent, was found to also catalyze the depolymerization of the oxidized lignin. The lignin depolymerization products were characterized.
Organic CO Prodrugs: Structure–CO‐Release Rate Relationship Studies
Authors: Pan Zhixiang , Chittavong Vayou , Li Wei , Zhang Jun , Ji Kaili , Zhu Mengyuan , Ji Xingyue , Wang Binghe 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCarbon monoxide (CO) is an endogenously produced gasotransmitter in mammals, and may have signaling roles in bacteria as well. It has many recognized therapeutic effects. A significant challenge in this field is the development of pharmaceutically acceptable forms of CO delivery with controllable and tunable release rates. Herein, the structure–release rate studies of the first class of organic CO prodrugs that release CO in aqueous solution at neutral pH is described.
Tunable Wettability of Electrospun Polyurethane/Silica Composite Membranes for Effective Separation of Water‐in‐Oil and Oil‐in‐Water Emulsions
Authors: Fang Wenyuan , Liu Libin , Guo Gailan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPolymer‐dominated membranes with switchable wettability are highly desired due to their on‐demand applications for oil/water separation. Herein, a low‐cost methodology to fabricate membranes consisting of hyperbranched polyurethane (HBPU) and fluorine‐modified silica (F‐SiO2) with tunable wettability by electrospinning is reported. The HBPU/F‐SiO2 composite membranes can be transformed from superhydrophobicity to ‐philicity through plasma treatment; these membranes exhibit different wettability for effective separation of surfactant‐stabilized water‐in‐oil and oil‐in‐water emulsions.
The impact of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features on the performance of the Afirma gene expression classifier
Authors: Hang Jen‐Fan , Westra William H. , Cooper David S. , Ali Syed Z. 
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUNDA recent revision in thyroid tumor nomenclature has resulted in a change from a malignant diagnosis (noninvasive follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma) to one that is nonmalignant (noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features [NIFTP]). The objective of the current study was to evaluate the impact of this change on the performance of the Afirma gene expression classifier (GEC).METHODSThe authors retrospectively analyzed consecutive thyroid fine‐needle aspiration specimens with indeterminate diagnoses on which GEC was performed. Surgical pathology material was reviewed with the reclassification of nodules into NIFTP.RESULTSGEC testing was performed on 384 fine‐needle aspiration specimens diagnosed as atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) (304 cases) and suspicious for a follicular neoplasm (SFN) (80 cases) and yielded a suspicious result in 152 of the AUS cases (50%) and 50 of the SFN cases (63%). Thyroidectomy was performed on 177 patients. After reclassifying NIFTP, the positive predictive value of GEC decreased from 42% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 39%‐45%) to 24% (95% CI, 22%‐26%) in the AUS group and from 23% (95% CI, 19%‐27%) to 13% (95% CI, 9%‐18%) in the SFN group. Total thyroidectomy was performed more frequently than a partial thyroidectomy in patients with AUS with a suspicious GEC result compared with pre‐GEC controls (68% vs 49%; P = .037).CONCLUSIONSReclassification of NIFTP significantly decreases the positive predictive value of GEC in indeterminate thyroid nodules. Nevertheless, the majority of patients with indeterminate thyroid nodules with a suspicious GEC result in the study institution have undergone total thyroidectomy. This finding raises concerns over reliance on a suspicious GEC result by clinicians to justify total thyroidectomy. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125:683‐91. © 2017 American Cancer Society.