bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
POPULATION III STARS AROUND THE MILKY WAY
Authors: Komiya Yutaka , Suda Takuma , Fujimoto Masayuki Y. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
We explore the possibility of observing Population III (Pop III) stars, born of primordial gas. Pop III stars with masses below 0.8 M
⊙ should survive to date though are not yet observed, but the existence of stars with low metallicity as

in the Milky Way halo suggests the surface pollution of Pop III stars with accreted metals from the interstellar gas after birth. In this paper, we investigate the runaway of Pop III stars from their host mini-halos, considering the ejection of secondary members from binary systems when their massive primaries explode as supernovae. These stars save them from surface pollution. By computing the star formation and chemical evolution along with the hierarchical structure formation based on the extended Press–Schechter merger trees, we demonstrate that several hundreds to tens of thousands of low-mass Pop III stars escape from the building blocks of the Milky Way. The second and later generations of extremely metal-poor stars also escaped from the mini-halos. We discuss the spatial distributions of these escaped stars by evaluating the distances between the mini-halos in the branches of merger trees under the spherical collapse model of dark matter halos. It is demonstrated that the escaped stars distribute beyond the stellar halo with a density profile close to the dark matter halo, while Pop III stars are slightly more centrally concentrated. 6%–30% of the escaped stars leave the Milky Way and go out into the intergalactic space. Based on the results, we discuss the feasibility of observing the Pop III stars with the pristine surface abundance.
MAGNETIC-ISLAND CONTRACTION AND PARTICLE ACCELERATION IN SIMULATED ERUPTIVE SOLAR FLARES
Authors: Guidoni S. E. , DeVore C. R. , Karpen J. T. , Lynch B. J. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
The mechanism that accelerates particles to the energies required to produce the observed high-energy impulsive emission in solar flares is not well understood. Drake et al. proposed a mechanism for accelerating electrons in contracting magnetic islands formed by kinetic reconnection in multi-layered current sheets (CSs). We apply these ideas to sunward-moving flux ropes (2.5D magnetic islands) formed during fast reconnection in a simulated eruptive flare. A simple analytic model is used to calculate the energy gain of particles orbiting the field lines of the contracting magnetic islands in our ultrahigh-resolution 2.5D numerical simulation. We find that the estimated energy gains in a single island range up to a factor of five. This is higher than that found by Drake et al. for islands in the terrestrial magnetosphere and at the heliopause, due to strong plasma compression that occurs at the flare CS. In order to increase their energy by two orders of magnitude and plausibly account for the observed high-energy flare emission, the electrons must visit multiple contracting islands. This mechanism should produce sporadic emission because island formation is intermittent. Moreover, a large number of particles could be accelerated in each magnetohydrodynamic-scale island, which may explain the inferred rates of energetic-electron production in flares. We conclude that island contraction in the flare CS is a promising candidate for electron acceleration in solar eruptions.
NONRELATIVISTIC PERPENDICULAR SHOCKS MODELING YOUNG SUPERNOVA REMNANTS: NONSTATIONARY DYNAMICS AND PARTICLE ACCELERATION AT FORWARD AND REVERSE SHOCKS
Authors: Wieland Volkmar , Pohl Martin , Niemiec Jacek , Rafighi Iman , Nishikawa Ken-Ichi 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
For parameters that are applicable to the conditions at young supernova remnants, we present results of two-dimensional, three-vector (2D3V) particle-in-cell simulations of a non-relativistic plasma shock with a large-scale perpendicular magnetic field inclined at a

angle to the simulation plane to approximate three-dimensional (3D) physics. We developed an improved clean setup that uses the collision of two plasma slabs with different densities and velocities, leading to the development of two distinctive shocks and a contact discontinuity. The shock formation is mediated by Weibel-type filamentation instabilities that generate magnetic turbulence. Cyclic reformation is observed in both shocks with similar period, for which we note global variations due to shock rippling and local variations arising from turbulent current filaments. The shock rippling occurs on spatial and temporal scales produced by the gyro-motions of shock-reflected ions. The drift motion of electrons and ions is not a gradient drift, but is commensurate with

drift. We observe a stable supra-thermal tail in the ion spectra, but no electron acceleration because the amplitude of the Buneman modes in the shock foot is insufficient for trapping relativistic electrons. We see no evidence of turbulent reconnection. A comparison with other two-dimensional (2D) simulation results suggests that the plasma beta and the ion-to-electron mass ratio are not decisive for efficient electron acceleration, but the pre-acceleration efficacy might be reduced with respect to the 2D results once 3D effects are fully accounted for. Other microphysical factors may also play a part in limiting the amplitude of the Buneman waves or preventing the return of electrons to the foot region.
MEASUREMENTS OF NON-THERMAL LINE WIDTHS IN SOLAR ACTIVE REGIONS
Authors: Brooks David H. , Warren Harry P. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Spectral line widths are often observed to be larger than can be accounted for by thermal and instrumental broadening alone. This excess broadening is a key observational constraint for both nanoflare and wave dissipation models of coronal heating. Here we present a survey of non-thermal velocities measured in the high temperature loops (1–4 MK) often found in the cores of solar active regions. This survey of Hinode Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) observations covers 15 non-flaring active regions that span a wide range of solar conditions. We find relatively small non-thermal velocities, with a mean value of 17.6 ± 5.3 km s−1, and no significant trend with temperature or active region magnetic flux. These measurements appear to be inconsistent with those expected from reconnection jets in the corona, chromospheric evaporation induced by coronal nanoflares, and Alfvén wave turbulence models. Furthermore, because the observed non-thermal widths are generally small, such measurements are difficult and susceptible to systematic effects.
FK COMAE BERENICES, KING OF SPIN: THE COCOA-PUFS PROJECT*

†
Authors: Ayres Thomas R. , Kashyap V. , Saar S. , Huenemoerder D. , Korhonen H. , Drake J. J. , Testa P. , Cohen O. , Garraffo C. , Granzer T. , Strassmeier K. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
COCOA-PUFS is an energy-diverse, time-domain study of the ultra-fast spinning, heavily spotted, yellow giant FK Comae Berenices (FK Com: HD117555; G4 III). This single star is thought to be a recent binary merger, and is exceptionally active by measure of its intense ultraviolet (UV) and X-ray emissions, and proclivity to flare. COCOA-PUFS was carried out with the Hubble Space Telescope in the UV (1200–3000 Å), using mainly its high-performance Cosmic Origins Spectrograph, but also high precision Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph; Chandra X-ray Observatory in the soft X-rays (0.5–10 keV), utilizing its High-Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer; together with supporting photometry and spectropolarimetry in the visible from the ground. This is an introductory report on the project. FK Com displayed variability on a wide range of timescales over all wavelengths during the week-long main campaign, including a large X-ray flare; “super-rotational broadening” of the far-ultraviolet “hot lines” (e.g., Si iv 1393 Å; 8 × 104 K) together with chromospheric Mg ii 2800 Å and C ii 1335 Å (1–3 × 104 K); large Doppler swings suggestive of bright regions alternately on advancing and retreating limbs of the star; and substantial redshifts of the epoch-average emission profiles. These behaviors paint a picture of a highly extended, dynamic, hot (∼10 MK) coronal magnetosphere around the star, threaded by cooler structures perhaps analogous to solar prominences and replenished continually by surface activity and flares. Suppression of angular momentum loss by the confining magnetosphere could temporarily postpone the inevitable stellar spindown, thereby lengthening this highly volatile stage of coronal evolution.
FROM THE LIR–T RELATION TO THE LIMITED SIZES OF DUSTY STARBURSTING REGIONS AT HIGH REDSHIFTS
Authors: Yan Haojing , Ma Zhiyuan 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Using the far-infrared (IR) data obtained by the Herschel Space Observatory, we study the relation between the IR luminosity (L
IR) and the dust temperature (T) of dusty starbursting galaxies at high redshifts (high-z). We focus on the total IR luminosity from the cold-dust component (

), whose emission can be described by a modified blackbody (MBB) of a single temperature (T
mbb). An object on the (

, T
mbb) plane can be explained by the equivalent of the Stefan–Boltzmann law for an MBB with an effective radius of R
eff. We show that R
eff is a good measure of the combined size of the dusty starbursting regions (DSBRs) of the host galaxy. In at least one case where the individual DSBRs are well resolved through strong gravitational lensing, R
eff is consistent with the direct size measurement. We show that the observed L
IR–T relation is simply due to the limited R
eff (≲2 kpc). The small R
eff values also agree with the compact sizes of the DSBRs seen in the local universe. However, previous interferometric observations to resolve high-z dusty starbursting galaxies often quote much larger sizes. This inconsistency can be reconciled by the blending effect when considering that the current interferometry might still not be of sufficient resolution. From R
eff we infer the lower limits to the volume densities of the star formation rate (minSFR3D) in the DSBRs, and find that the L
IR–T relation outlines a boundary on the (

, T
mbb) plane, below which is the “zone of avoidance” in terms of minSFR3D.
BIDIRECTIONAL OUTFLOWS AS EVIDENCE OF MAGNETIC RECONNECTION LEADING TO A SOLAR MICROFLARE
Authors: Hong Jie , Ding M. D. , Li Ying , Yang Kai , Cheng Xin , Chen Feng , Fang Cheng , Cao Wenda 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Magnetic reconnection is a rapid energy release process that is believed to be responsible for flares on the Sun and stars. Nevertheless, such flare-related reconnection is mostly detected to occur in the corona, while there have been few studies concerning the reconnection in the chromosphere or photosphere. Here, we present both spectroscopic and imaging observations of magnetic reconnection in the chromosphere leading to a microflare. During the flare peak time, chromospheric line profiles show significant blueshifted/redshifted components on the two sides of the flaring site, corresponding to upflows and downflows with velocities of ±(70–80) km s−1, comparable with the local Alfvén speed as expected by the reconnection in the chromosphere. The three-dimensional nonlinear force-free field configuration further discloses twisted field lines (a flux rope) at a low altitude, cospatial with the dark threads in He i 10830 Å images. The instability of the flux rope may initiate the flare-related reconnection. These observations provide clear evidence of magnetic reconnection in the chromosphere and show the similar mechanisms of a microflare to those of major flares.
De la jurisprudence à la réforme réglementaire : le visa d’exploitation cinématographique à l’épreuve d’un effet ciseau
Authors: Medard Inghilterra Robin 
Published: March 2016

Certes habitué aux lumières des projecteurs, le monde du cinéma a bénéficié lors des six derniers mois d’un éclairage particulier qui lui est moins familier : celui du contentieux administratif. Love, La vie d’Adèle, Antichrist, Salafistes, Bang Gang, Les huit salopards et même Cinquante nuances de Grey ont tour à tour été crédités des considérations du juge administratif afin de déterminer la légalité du visa d’exploitation qui leur avait été attribué. Alors que les visas des trois derniers longs métrages ont été épargnés en première instance, les quatre premiers ont quant à eux été évincés, en faveur d’un assouplissement pour Salafistes et au prix d’un rehaussement de l’interdiction de représentation pour Love, La vie d’Adèle et Antichrist. Une lecture croisée de ces quatre cas d’espèce n’est pas dénuée d’intérêt et permet au contraire de saisir avec davantage de poids l’opportunité de la refonte du système de classification annoncée le 29 février 2016 par la ministre de la Culture et de la Communication.
Cutting Edge: Innate Lymphoid Cells Suppress Homeostatic T Cell Expansion in Neonatal Mice
Authors: Bank Ute , Deiser Katrin , Finke Daniela , Hämmerling Günter J. , Arnold Bernd , Schüler Thomas 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In adult mice, lymphopenia-induced proliferation (LIP) leads to T cell activation, memory differentiation, tissue destruction, and a loss of TCR diversity. Neonatal mice are lymphopenic within the first week of life. This enables some recent thymic emigrants to undergo LIP and convert into long-lived memory T cells. Surprisingly, however, most neonatal T cells do not undergo LIP. We therefore asked whether neonate-specific mechanisms prevent lymphopenia-driven T cell activation. In this study, we show that IL-7R–dependent innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) block LIP of CD8+ T cells in neonatal but not adult mice. Importantly, CD8+ T cell responses against a foreign Ag are not inhibited by neonatal ILCs. This ILC-based inhibition of LIP ensures the generation of a diverse naive T cell pool in lymphopenic neonates that is mandatory for the maintenance of T cell homeostasis and immunological self-tolerance later in life.
En torno a las relaciones entre la república de Ragusa y la corona Española en el siglo XVI: lo hecho y lo que queda por hacer
Authors: Polić Bobić Mirjana 
Published: March 2016

Las relaciones entre la corona de España y Ia que basta los comienzos del siglo XIX fue la República de Ragusa son un tema explotado entre nosotros a varios niveles. La condicional soberanía de la minúscula república, vigente casi tres siglos después de que la perdieran otras ciudades-estados mediterráneos y de que el modelo político dado desaparecieral, han dado ocasión a investigaciones vastas, así como a la diversidad de interpretaciones y consideraciones, de manera que sus relaciones intemacionales, sobre todo con las grandes potencias, han servido de punto de partida para la investigación de las influencias y climas políticos, tanto como de prueba de diversas tesis, muchas veces preconcebidas. Las relaciones que mantuvo Ragusa con las tierras que a partir de la unión de las coronas de Castilla y Aragón vienen a formar parte del imperio más poderoso del mundo también han sido sea tocadas, sea elaboradas en diversos trabajos de historiadores extranjeros. Está ya publicada una parte considerable de la documentación archivada, sobre todo la que se refiere a las relaciones entre la República y la corona de Aragón.
El realism mágico: historiografía y características
Authors: Bautista Gloria 
Published: March 2016

El término realismo mágico ha sido empleado frecuentemente por la crítica literaria sin delinear concretamente sus características. Por esta razón me propongo bosquejar cronológicamente las definiciones dadas por prominentes críticos con el fin de precisar características que son endémicas al realismo mágico.
Traducir a France Prešeren (1800-1849)
Authors: Prenz Juan Octavio 
Published: March 2016

Decir que la poesía es intraducible se ha convertido en un lugar común. Esta afirmación no tiene un valor absoluto, pero refleja las dificultades que tal tarea implica. La operadón de traducción en la poesía -cuando se trata de traducción y no de re-creación-se reduce en la mayoría de los casos a una información sobre el texto original. El poeta francés Jacques Gaucheron suele decir que traducir poesía no es un problema de traducción, sino de poesía. Afirmación correcta, si se la mantiene en sus justos límites. Decir de alguna traducción, como a veces solemos oir, que es mejor que el original significa sobre­ pasar dichos límites. En este último caso, se trata casi siempre de un texto "mejor", de una re-creación, en algunos casos de una "traición", por más bello que resulte el texto en la nueva lengua, pero no de una verdadera traducción.
The importance of vehicle emissions as a source of atmospheric ammonia in the megacity of Shanghai
Authors: Chang Yunhua , Zou Zhong , Deng Congrui , Huang Kan , Collett Jeffrey L. , Lin Jing , Zhuang Guoshun 
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Agricultural activities are a major source contributing to NH3 emissions in Shanghai and most other regions of China; however, there is a long-standing and ongoing controversy regarding the contributions of vehicle-emitted NH3 to the urban atmosphere. From April 2014 to April 2015, we conducted measurements of a wide range of gases (including NH3) and the chemical properties of PM2.5 at hourly resolution at a Shanghai urban supersite. This large data set shows NH3 pollution events, lasting several hours with concentrations 4 times the annual average of 5.3 µg m−3, caused by the burning of crop residues in spring. There are also generally higher NH3 concentrations (mean ± 1 σ) in summer (7.3 ± 4.9 µg m−3; n = 2181) because of intensive emissions from temperature-dependent agricultural sources. However, the NH3 concentration in summer was only an average of 2.4 µg m−3 or 41 % higher than the average NH3 concentration of other seasons. Furthermore, the NH3 concentration in winter (5.0 ± 3.7 µg m−3; n = 2113) was similar to that in spring (5.1 ± 3.8 µg m−3; n = 2198) but slightly higher, on average, than that in autumn (4.5 ± 2.3 µg m−3; n = 1949). Moreover, other meteorological parameters like planetary boundary layer height and relative humidity were not major factors affecting seasonal NH3 concentrations. These findings suggest that there may be some climate-independent NH3 sources present in the Shanghai urban area. Independent of season, the concentrations of both NH3 and CO present a marked bimodal diurnal profile, with maxima in the morning and the evening. A spatial analysis suggests that elevated concentrations of NH3 are often associated with transport from regions west–northwest and east–southeast of the city, areas with dense road systems. The spatial origin of NH3 and the diurnal concentration profile together suggest the importance of vehicle-derived NH3 associated with daily commuting in the urban environment. To further examine vehicular NH3 emissions and transport, sampling of the NH3 concentration was performed in (from the entrance to the exit of the tunnel) and out (along a roadside transect spanning 310 m perpendicular to the tunnel) of a heavily trafficked urban tunnel during the spring of 2014. NH3 concentrations in the tunnel exit were over 5 and 11 times higher than those in the tunnel entrance and in the ambient air, respectively. Based on the derived mileage-based NH3 emission factor of 28 mg km−1, a population of 3.04 million vehicles in Shanghai produced around 1300 t NH3 in 2014, which accounts for 12 % of total NH3 emissions in the urban area. Collectively, our results clearly show that vehicle emissions associated with combustion are an important NH3 source in Shanghai urban areas and may have potential implications for PM2.5 pollution in the urban atmosphere.
A computationally efficient model to capture the inertia of the piezoelectric stack in impact drive mechanism in the case of the in-pipe inspection application
Authors: Li Jin , Liu Chang Jun , Xiong Xin Wen , Liu Yi Fan , Zhang Wen Jun 
Published: March 2016

Abstract. This paper presents a new model for the piezoelectric actuator (PA) in the context of in the impact drive mechanism (IDM) for the in-pipe inspection application. The feature of the model is capturing the inertia of PA stack in a distributed manner as opposed to the lumped manner in literature. The benefit arising from this feature is a balanced trade-off between computational efficiency and model accuracy. The study presented in this paper included both theoretical development (i.e. the model of the piezoelectric actuator and the model of the entire IDM which includes the actuator) and experimental verification of the model. The study has shown that (1) the inertia of the PA in such a robot will significantly affect the accuracy of the entire model of IDM and (2) the simulation of the dynamic behavior with the proposed model is sufficiently accurate by comparing with the experiment. It is thus recommended that the inertia of the PA be considered in the entire model of the IDM robot. The model is an analytical type, which has a high potential to be used for the model-based control of the IDM robot and optimization of its design for a much improved performance of the IDM system.
OBSTRUCTION OF STORAGE HARDENING IN NR BY USING POLAR CHEMICALS
Authors: Nimpaiboon Adun , Amnuaypornsri Sureerut , Sakdapipanich Jitladda T. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
The effect of the polar chemicals phenol, diethylene glycol, and hydroxylamine hydrochloride on obstruction of storage hardening in NR was examined. A decrease in gel content and molecular weight of NR was observed after addition of diethylene glycol and hydroxylamine hydrochloride, whereas no significant change was observed after addition of phenol. The storage hardening behavior of NR containing these polar chemicals was investigated by accelerated storage with phosphorus pentoxide. The gel content, Mooney viscosity, and Wallace plasticity values of NR containing phenol increased obviously during accelerated storage hardening, whereas these values increased gradually in the presence of diethylene glycol and were constant in the presence of hydroxylamine hydrochloride. The efficiency of these polar chemicals for inhibiting storage hardening in NR follow the order hydroxylamine hydrochloride, diethylene glycol, and phenol, respectively. The mechanism of network formation during accelerated storage hardening was proposed to involve phospholipids at the chain ends of the NR molecule. Molecular structure analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy suggested that hydroxylamine inhibits storage hardening in NR by chemical interaction with phospholipid, apart from its polarity.
Osserman Lightlike Hypersurfaces on a Foliated Class of Lorentzian Manifolds
Authors: Atindogbe C. , Duggal K. L. 
Published: March 2016

This paper deals with a family of Osserman lightlike hypersurfaces $(M_u)$ of a class of Lorentzian manifolds $\bar{M}$ such that its each null normal vector is defined on some open subset of $\bar{M}$ around $M_u$. We prove that a totally umbilical family of lightlike hypersurfaces of a connected Lorentzian pointwise Osserman manifold of constant curvature is locally Einstein and pointwise ${\cal F}-$Osserman, where our foliation approach provides the required algebraic symmetries of the induced curvature tensor. Also we prove two new characterization theorems for the family of Osserman lightlike hypersurfaces, supported by a physical example of Osserman lightlike hypersurfaces of the Schwarzschild spacetime.