bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensory system development influences the ontogeny of trace eyeblink conditioning
Authors: Goldsberry Mary E. , Freeman John H. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe developmental emergence of delay eyeblink conditioning (EBC) is dependent on the development of the sensory system stimulated by the conditioned stimulus (CS). However, trace EBC has traditionally been believed to be dependent on the development of forebrain structures, such as the hippocampus. If hippocampal development alone is limiting the developmental emergence of trace EBC, then using an earlier developing sensory modality should not affect the rate or asymptote of conditioning. The goal of the current study was to investigate whether using a vibration CS would facilitate the ontogeny of trace EBC relative to an auditory CS. Rat pups received six sessions of trace EBC or unpaired training using either a tone or vibration CS on postnatal day (P) 17–18, 21–22, or 24–25. Training with a vibration CS resulted in rapid conditioning as early as P17‐18, whereas training with a tone CS did not result in rapid conditioning until after P17‐18. The results suggest that the ontogeny of trace EBC depends, at least in part, on sensory system development.
Pudendal nerve entrapment leading to avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID): A case report
Authors: Tsai Karen , Singh Deepan , Pinkhasov Aaron 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTAvoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is a diagnosis in diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders‐5 (DSM‐5) manifested by persistent failure to meet nutritional and/or energy needs. Pudendal nerve entrapment (PNE) often causes pelvic discomfort in addition to constipation and painful bowel movements. Current literature on ARFID is sparse and focuses on the pediatric and adolescent population. No association between PNE and ARFID has been described. We present a case of ARFID in an adult male with PNE resulting from subsequent scarring from testicular cancer surgery. The patient's gastrointestinal symptoms due to PNE caused significant food avoidance and restriction subsequently leading to severe malnourishment. Clinicians should be aware that distressing gastrointestinal symptoms arising from a secondary disease process such as PNE might lead to dietary restriction and food aversion. More research is needed for proper screening, detection, and treatment of ARFID. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:84–87)
Species traits and environmental characteristics together regulate ant‐associated biodiversity
Authors: Campbell Kaitlin U. , Crist Thomas O. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHost‐associated organisms (e.g., parasites, commensals, and mutualists) may rely on their hosts for only a portion of their life cycle. The life‐history traits and physiology of hosts are well‐known determinants of the biodiversity of their associated organisms. The environmental context may strongly influence this interaction, but the relative roles of host traits and the environment are poorly known for host‐associated communities. We studied the roles of host traits and environmental characteristics affecting ant‐associated mites in semi‐natural constructed grasslands in agricultural landscapes of the Midwest USA. Mites are frequently found in ant nests and also riding on ants in a commensal dispersal relationship known as phoresy. During nonphoretic stages of their development, ant‐associated mites rely on soil or nest resources, which may vary depending on host traits and the environmental context of the colony. We hypothesized that mite diversity is determined by availability of suitable host ant species, soil detrital resources and texture, and habitat disturbance. Results showed that that large‐bodied and widely distributed ant species within grasslands support the most diverse mite assemblages. Mite richness and abundance were predicted by overall ant richness and grassland area, but host traits and environmental predictors varied among ant hosts: mites associated with Aphaenogaster rudis depended on litter depth, while Myrmica americana associates were predicted by host frequency and grassland age. Multivariate ordinations of mite community composition constructed with host ant species as predictors demonstrated host specialization at both the ant species and genus levels, while ordinations with environmental variables showed that ant richness, soil texture, and grassland age also contributed to mite community structure. Our results demonstrate that large‐bodied, locally abundant, and cosmopolitan ant species are especially important regulators of phoretic mite diversity and that their role as hosts is also dependent on the context of the interaction, especially soil resources, texture, site age, and area.
Ecological niche modeling for conservation planning of an endemic snail in the verge of becoming a pest in cardamom plantations in the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Sen Sandeep , Shivaprakash Kadukothanahally Nagaraju , Aravind Neelavara A. , Ravikanth Gudasalamani , Dayanandan Selvadurai 
Published: August 2016

AbstractConservation managers and policy makers are often confronted with a challenging dilemma of devising suitable strategies to maintain agricultural productivity while conserving endemic species that at the early stages of becoming pests of agricultural crops. Identification of environmental factors conducive to species range expansion for forecasting species distribution patterns will play a central role in devising management strategies to minimize the conflict between the agricultural productivity and biodiversity conservation. Here, we present results of a study that predicts the distribution of Indrella ampulla, a snail endemic to the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, which is becoming a pest in cardamom (Ellettaria cardamomum) plantations. We determined the distribution patterns and niche overlap between I. ampulla and Ellettaria cardamomum using maximum entropy (MaxEnt) niche modeling techniques under current and future (2020–2080) climatic scenarios. The results showed that climatic (precipitation of coldest quarter and isothermality) and soil (cation exchange capacity of soil [CEC]) parameters are major factors that determine the distribution of I. ampulla in Western Ghats. The model predicted cardamom cultivation areas in southern Western Ghats are highly sensitive to invasion of I. ampulla under both present and future climatic conditions. While the land area in the central Western Ghats is predicted to become unsuitable for I. ampulla and Ellettaria cardamomum in future, we found 71% of the Western Ghats land area is suitable for Ellettaria cardamomum cultivation and 45% suitable for I. ampulla, with an overlap of 35% between two species. The resulting distribution maps are invaluable for policy makers and conservation managers to design and implement management strategies minimizing the conflicts to sustain agricultural productivity while maintaining biodiversity in the region.
Integrating Quarterly Data into a Dynamic Factor Model of US Monthly GDP
Authors: Vlavonou Firmin , Gordon Stephen 
Published: August 2016

This paper develops and estimates a dynamic factor model in which estimates for unobserved monthly US Gross Domestic Product (GDP) are consistent with observed quarterly data. In contrast to existing approaches, the quarterly averages of our monthly estimates are exactly equal to the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) quarterly estimates. The relationship between our monthly estimates and the quarterly data is therefore the same as the relationship between quarterly and annual data.The study makes use of Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo and data augmentation techniques to simulate values for the logarithms on monthly US GDP. The imposition of the exact linear quarterly constraint produces a non‐standard distribution, necessitating the implementation of a Metropolis simulation step in the estimation.Our methodology can be easily generalized to cases where the variable of interest is monthly GDP and in such a way that the final results incorporate the statistical uncertainty associated with the monthly GDP estimates. We provide an example by incorporating our monthly estimates into a Markov switching model of the US business cycle. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SOD2 and Sirt3 Control Osteoclastogenesis by Regulating Mitochondrial ROS
Authors: Kim Haemin , Lee Yong Deok , Kim Hyung Joon , Lee Zang Hee , Kim Hong-Hee 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are an indispensable element of cellular signal transduction in various cell types, including bone cells. In particular, osteoclasts (OCs), cells specialized for bone resorption, utilize ROS as second messengers during receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced differentiation and activation. In addition, because of the high energy demands of bone-resorbing activity, OCs contain large amounts of mitochondria, the source of the majority of total ROS. In this study, we focused on the regulation of ROS generated from mitochondria during osteoclastogenesis. We observed that the level of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), an enzyme responsible for reducing superoxide radicals in mitochondria, was increased by RANKL. siRNA-mediated knockdown (KD) of SOD2 increased ROS levels and enhanced OC differentiation. Conversely, overexpression of SOD2 reduced osteoclastogenesis by decreasing ROS levels. Moreover, we found that NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin 3 (Sirt3), an activator of SOD2 in mitochondria, was induced by RANKL. Sirt3-targeted siRNA decreased SOD2 activity by reducing deacetylation of lysine 68 of SOD2, leading to increased osteoclastogenesis. Furthermore, in vivo KD of SOD2 or Sirt3 in ICR mouse calvariae decreased bone volume and increased OC surface, supporting the results of in vitro experiments. Taken together, our findings demonstrate for the first time to our knowledge that the regulation of mitochondrial ROS by SOD2 and Sirt3 plays an important role in fine-tuning the OC differentiation program. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Loss of Type I Collagen Telopeptide Lysyl Hydroxylation Causes Musculoskeletal Abnormalities in a Zebrafish Model of Bruck Syndrome
Authors: Gistelinck Charlotte , Witten Paul Eckhard , Huysseune Ann , Symoens Sofie , Malfait Fransiska , Larionova Daria , Simoens Pascal , Dierick Manuel , Van Hoorebeke Luc , De Paepe Anne , Kwon Ronald Y , Weis MaryAnn , Eyre David R , Willaert Andy , Coucke Paul J 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Bruck syndrome (BS) is a disorder characterized by joint flexion contractures and skeletal dysplasia that shows strong clinical overlap with the brittle bone disease osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). BS is caused by biallelic mutations in either the FKBP10 or the PLOD2 gene. PLOD2 encodes the lysyl hydroxylase 2 (LH2) enzyme, which is responsible for the hydroxylation of lysine residues in fibrillar collagen telopeptides. This hydroxylation directs crosslinking of collagen fibrils in the extracellular matrix, which is necessary to provide stability and tensile integrity to the collagen fibrils. To further elucidate the function of LH2 in vertebrate skeletal development, we created a zebrafish model harboring a homozygous plod2 nonsense mutation resulting in reduced telopeptide hydroxylation and crosslinking of bone type I collagen. Adult plod2 mutants present with a shortened body axis and severe skeletal abnormalities with evidence of bone fragility and fractures. The vertebral column of plod2 mutants is short and scoliotic with compressed vertebrae that show excessive bone formation at the vertebral end plates, and increased tissue mineral density in the vertebral centra. The muscle fibers of mutant zebrafish have a reduced diameter near the horizontal myoseptum. The endomysium, a layer of connective tissue ensheathing the individual muscle fibers, is enlarged. Transmission electron microscopy of mutant vertebral bone shows type I collagen fibrils that are less organized with loss of the typical plywood-like structure. In conclusion, plod2 mutant zebrafish show molecular and tissue abnormalities in the musculoskeletal system that are concordant with clinical findings in BS patients. Therefore, the plod2 zebrafish mutant is a promising model for the elucidation of the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms leading to BS and the development of novel therapeutic avenues in this syndrome. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
CYP2C9 Genotype‐Dependent Warfarin Pharmacokinetics: Impact of CYP2C9 Genotype on R‐ and S‐Warfarin and Their Oxidative Metabolites
Authors: Flora Darcy R. , Rettie Allan E. , Brundage Richard C. , Tracy Timothy S. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMultiple factors can impact warfarin therapy, including genetic variations in the drug‐metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9). Compared with individuals with the wild‐type allele, CYP2C9*1, carriers of the common *3 variant have significantly impaired CYP2C9 metabolism. Genetic variations in CYP2C9, the primary enzyme governing the metabolic clearance of the more potent S‐enantiomer of the racemic anticoagulant warfarin, may impact warfarin–drug interactions. To establish a baseline for such studies, plasma and urine concentrations of R‐ and S‐warfarin and 10 warfarin metabolites were monitored for up to 360 hours following a 10‐mg warfarin dose in healthy subjects with 4 different CYP2C9 genotypes: CYP2C9*1/*1 (n = 8), CYP2C9*1/*3 (n = 9), CYP2C9*2/*3 (n = 3), and CYP2C9*3/*3 (n = 4). Plasma clearance of S‐warfarin, but not R‐warfarin, decreased multiexponentially and in a CYP2C9 gene‐dependent manner: 56%, 70%, and 75% for CYP2C9*1/*3, CYP2C9*2/*3, and CYP2C9*3/*3 genotypes, respectively, compared with CYP2C9*1/*1, resulting in pronounced differences in the S:R ratio that identified warfarin‐sensitive genotypes. CYP2C9 was the primary P450 enzyme contributing to S‐warfarin metabolism and a minor contributor to R‐warfarin metabolism. In the presence of a defective CYP2C9 allele, switching of warfarin metabolism to other oxidative pathways and P450 enzymes for the metabolic elimination of S‐warfarin was not observed. The 10‐hydroxywarfarin metabolites, whose detailed pharmacokinetics are reported for the first time, exhibited a prolonged half‐life with no evidence of renal excretion and displayed elimination rate‐limited kinetics. Understanding the impact of CYP2C9 genetics on warfarin pharmacokinetics lays the foundation for future genotype‐dependent warfarin–drug interaction studies.
RGS14 regulates the lifetime of Gα‐GTP signaling but does not prolong Gβγ signaling following receptor activation in live cells
Authors: Brown Nicole E. , Lambert Nevin A. , Hepler John R. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractRGS14 is a multifunctional scaffolding protein possessing two distinct G protein interaction sites including a regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) domain that acts as a GTPase activating protein (GAP) to deactivate Gαi/o‐GTP proteins, and a G protein regulatory (GPR) motif that binds inactive Gαi1/3‐GDP proteins independent of Gβγ. GPR interactions with Gαi recruit RGS14 to the plasma membrane to interact with Gαi‐linked GPCRs and regulate Gαi signaling. While RGS14 actions on Gα proteins are well characterized, consequent effects on Gβγ signaling remain unknown. Conventional RGS proteins act as dedicated GAPs to deactivate Gα and Gβγ signaling following receptor activation. RGS14 may do the same or, alternatively, may coordinate its actions to deactivate Gα‐GTP with the RGS domain and then capture the same Gα‐GDP via its GPR motif to prevent heterotrimer reassociation and prolong Gβγ signaling. To test this idea, we compared the regulation of G protein activation and deactivation kinetics by a conventional RGS protein, RGS4, and RGS14 in response to GPCR agonist/antagonist treatment utilizing bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET). Co‐expression of either RGS4 or RGS14 inhibited the release of free Gβγ after agonist stimulation and increased the deactivation rate of Gα, consistent with their roles as GTPase activating proteins (GAPs). Overexpression of inactive Gαi1 to recruit RGS14 to the plasma membrane did not alter RGS14′s capacity to act as a GAP for a second Gαo protein. These results demonstrate the role of RGS14 as a dedicated GAP and suggest that the G protein regulatory (GPR) motif functions independently of the RGS domain and is silent in regulating GAP activity in a cellular context.
Hybrid perovskite as substituent of indium and gallium in light emitting diodes
Authors: Palma Alessandro Lorenzo , Cinà Lucio , Busby Yan , Marsella Andrea , Agresti Antonio , Pescetelli Sara , Pireaux Jean‐Jacques , Carlo Aldo Di 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSolution‐processed hybrid bromide perovskite light‐emitting‐diodes (PLEDs) represent an attractive alternative to the conventional critical raw materials (CRMs) based green LEDs. In this work, we report the development and characterization of PLEDs fabricated using a mesostructured layout. We adapted and refined deposition techniques typically employed in perovskite based solar cells (PSCs) fabrication to obtain a smooth perovskite layer. The fabricated mesostructured PLEDs measured under full operative conditions showed a remarkably narrow emission spectrum, even lower than what typically obtained by nitride or phosphide green LEDs based on CRMs. An enhancement in mesoscopic PLEDs performance can be achieved optimizing the smoothness of the mesoporous layer and the thickness of the perovskite active material. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Rapid determination of bacterial aminoglycoside resistance in environmental samples using membrane electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Fan Liusheng , Ke Ming , Yuan Min , Pu Ji , Li Juan , Lu Jinxing , Xu Jianguo , Zhang Mei , Xu Wei 
Published: August 2016

RationaleAntibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria is becoming a global public health problem, such as aminoglycoside resistance encoded by the armA gene. Although many methods have been reported, rapid analysis of environmental samples is still challenging.MethodA rapid analytical method was developed in this study to determine bacterial aminoglycoside resistance using membrane electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (MESI‐MS). Precursor/product‐ion pairs of ArmA unique peptides were detected with minimal sample preparation. Standard peptides were synthesized and used for developing and validating the methodology, and then the method was verified by both ArmA positive and ArmA negative simulated environmental samples.ResultsA rapid method for determination of bacterial aminoglycoside resistance was developed using MESI‐MS/MS. The bacterial cultural time was optimized to 2 hours, and the precision, accuracy and recovery of this method were investigated. The peptide IHSSTNER (IR‐8) unique to ArmA in simulated environmental samples can be successfully identified within 3 hours.ConclusionsThe novel assay offered a rapid method to determine bacterial aminoglycoside resistance with high sensitivity, accuracy and precision in simulated environmental samples. This method could also be applied to identify other drug‐resistance proteins in clinical/environmental samples. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Why Are Home Literacy Environment and Children's Reading Skills Associated? What Parental Skills Reveal
Authors: van Bergen Elsje , van Zuijen Titia , Bishop Dorothy , de Jong Peter F. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAssociations between home literacy environment and children's reading ability are often assumed to reflect a direct influence. However, heritability could account for the association between parent and child literacy‐related measures. We used data from 101 mother/father/child triads to consider the extent to which associations between home literacy and children's reading fluency could be accounted for by parental reading fluency. Although home literacy correlated significantly with children's reading, no variable predicted significant variance after allowing for parental reading, except the number of books in the home. By incorporating measures of heritable parental traits into studies investigating home environment effects, we can start to identify which variables are correlates of parental traits and which might play a causal role in fostering children's development.
Context matters: Diversity's short‐ and long‐term effects in fortune's “best companies to work for”
Authors: Julian Scott D. , Ofori‐Dankwa Joseph C. 
Published: August 2016

Research summary: Previous research has examined the racial diversity‐productivity relationship in corporations with an evident high commitment to minority programs, Fortune's “Best Companies for Minorities.” To assess generalizability, we replicate this research using a different context of high organizational‐employee value congruence, Fortune's “Best Companies to Work For.” We are not able to find evidence for the curvilinear relationships previously found, but do uncover a linear negative relationship between racial diversity and short‐run performance.Managerial summary: Using Fortune's “Best Companies for Minorities,” previous research found that racial diversity affected both firm productivity and Tobin's q. To see if we could find these results in a different group of firms, we replicate this research using a sample drawn from Fortune's “Best Companies to Work For.” The former sample is distinguished by high commitment to minority programs, while the one used here stresses high congruence of values between the organization and all its employees. We are unable to replicate the relationships previously found, however, but do find that increasing racial diversity had a negative effect on firm productivity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Envisioning REDD+ in a post‐Paris era: between evolving expectations and current practice
Authors: Turnhout Esther , Gupta Aarti , Weatherley‐Singh Janice , Vijge Marjanneke J. , de Koning Jessica , Visseren‐Hamakers Ingrid J. , Herold Martin , Lederer Markus 
Published: August 2016

From its advent in 2005 within global climate change negotiations, reducing carbon emissions from deforestation and other forest‐related activities (so‐called REDD+) has been experimented with in developing country contexts for over a decade now, with a wide array of expectations coming to be associated with it. Three consecutive conceptualizations are identifiable: carbon‐centered, where REDD+ is primarily a climate mitigation strategy; co‐benefits‐centered, where REDD+ becomes a triple win solution for climate, biodiversity and communities; and landscape‐centered, where REDD+ activities are embedded in integrated sustainable land‐use approaches. In assessing such evolving expectations against existing REDD+ experiences, a mixed picture emerges. Some expectations, specifically relating to forest carbon financing, are not being adequately met, while others, notably the delivery of co‐benefits, hold out more promise. Yet this also highlights a potential paradox facing REDD+. While there is growing recognition that co‐benefit generation is key, and that piece‐meal, forest‐carbon focused REDD+ interventions are unlikely to address the complex causes of tropical forest loss, forest carbon is still being foregrounded in measuring and reporting on REDD+ performance, and in generating results‐based payments (even as these aspects remain challenging). This implies, however, that the future of REDD+ may lie not in one conceptualization coming to dominate, but rather in co‐existence of heterogeneous practices. REDD+ may end up as a patchwork of projects and practices with different foci and financing mechanisms. Although this cannot prevent trade‐offs, such a heterodox REDD+ may provide building blocks for the polycentric governance of the world's remaining tropical forests. WIREs Clim Change 2017, 8:e425. doi: 10.1002/wcc.425This article is categorized under:

Climate and Development > Social Justice and the Politics of Development
Policy and Governance > Multilevel and Transnational Climate Change Governance