bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical intuition in the nursing process and decision‐making—A mixed‐studies review
Authors: Melin‐Johansson Christina , Palmqvist Rebecca , Rönnberg Linda 
Published: March 2017

Aims and objectivesTo review what is characteristic of registered nurses’ intuition in clinical settings, in relationships and in the nursing process.BackgroundIntuition is a controversial concept and nurses believe that there are difficulties in how they should explain their nursing actions or decisions based on intuition. Much of the evidence from the body of research indicates that nurses value their intuition in a variety of clinical settings. More information on how nurses integrate intuition as a core element in daily clinical work would contribute to an improved understanding on how they go about this. Intuition deserves a place in evidence‐based activities, where intuition is an important component associated with the nursing process.DesignAn integrative review strengthened with a mixed‐studies review.MethodsLiterature searches were conducted in the databasesCINAHL, PubMed and PsycINFO, and literature published 1985–2016 were included. The findings in the studies were analysed with content analysis, and the synthesis process entailed a reasoning between the authors.ResultsAfter a quality assessment, 16 studies were included. The analysis and synthesis resulted in three categories. The characteristics of intuition in the nurse's daily clinical activities include application, assertiveness and experiences; in the relationships with patients’ intuition include unique connections, mental and bodily responses, and personal qualities; and in the nursing process include support and guidance, component and clues in decision‐making, and validating decisions.ConclusionIntuition is more than simply a “gut feeling,” and it is a process based on knowledge and care experience and has a place beside research‐based evidence. Nurses integrate both analysis and synthesis of intuition alongside objective data when making decisions. They should rely on their intuition and use this knowledge in clinical practice as a support in decision‐making, which increases the quality and safety of patient care.Relevance to clinical practiceWe find that intuition plays a key role in more or less all of the steps in the nursing process as a base for decision‐making that supports safe patient care, and is a validated component of nursing clinical care expertise.
Local changes in the wake electroencephalogram precedes lane departures
Authors: Ahlstrom Christer , Jansson Sabina , Anund Anna 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThe objective of this exploratory study is to investigate if lane departures are associated with local sleep, measured via source‐localized electroencephalography (EEG) theta power in the 5–9 Hz frequency range. Thirty participants drove in an advanced driving simulator, resulting in 135 lane departures at high levels of self‐reported sleepiness. These lane departures were compared to matching non‐departures at the same sleepiness level within the same individual. There was no correspondence between lane departures and global theta activity. However, at the local level an increased risk for lane departures was associated with increased theta content in brain regions related to motor function.
Predictive model for inflammation grades of chronic hepatitis B: Large‐scale analysis of clinical parameters and gene expressions
Authors: Zhou Weichen , Ma Yanyun , Zhang Jun , Hu Jingyi , Zhang Menghan , Wang Yi , Li Yi , Wu Lijun , Pan Yida , Zhang Yitong , Zhang Xiaonan , Zhang Xinxin , Zhang Zhanqing , Zhang Jiming , Li Hai , Lu Lungen , Jin Li , Wang Jiucun , Yuan Zhenghong , Liu Jie 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundLiver biopsy is the gold standard to assess pathological features (eg inflammation grades) for hepatitis B virus‐infected patients although it is invasive and traumatic; meanwhile, several gene profiles of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) have been separately described in relatively small hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐infected samples. We aimed to analyse correlations among inflammation grades, gene expressions and clinical parameters (serum alanine amino transaminase, aspartate amino transaminase and HBV‐DNA) in large‐scale CHB samples and to predict inflammation grades by using clinical parameters and/or gene expressions.MethodsWe analysed gene expressions with three clinical parameters in 122 CHB samples by an improved regression model. Principal component analysis and machine‐learning methods including Random Forest, K‐nearest neighbour and support vector machine were used for analysis and further diagnosis models. Six normal samples were conducted to validate the predictive model.ResultsSignificant genes related to clinical parameters were found enriching in the immune system, interferon‐stimulated, regulation of cytokine production, anti‐apoptosis, and etc. A panel of these genes with clinical parameters can effectively predict binary classifications of inflammation grade (area under the ROC curve [AUC]: 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.77‐0.93), validated by normal samples. A panel with only clinical parameters was also valuable (AUC: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.65‐0.86), indicating that liquid biopsy method for detecting the pathology of CHB is possible.ConclusionsThis is the first study to systematically elucidate the relationships among gene expressions, clinical parameters and pathological inflammation grades in CHB, and to build models predicting inflammation grades by gene expressions and/or clinical parameters as well.
Perpendicular axes of differentiation generated by mitochondrial introgression
Authors: Morales Hernán E. , Sunnucks Paul , Joseph Leo , Pavlova Alexandra 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDifferential introgression of mitochondrial vs. nuclear DNA generates discordant patterns of geographic variation and can promote population divergence and speciation. We examined a potential case of mitochondrial introgression leading to two perpendicular axes of differentiation. The Eastern Yellow Robin Eopsaltria australis, a widespread Australian bird, shows a deep mitochondrial split that is perpendicular to north–south nuclear DNA and plumage colour differentiation. We propose a scenario to explain this pattern: (i) first, both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes differentiated in concert during north–south population divergence; (ii) later, their histories disconnected after two mitochondrial introgression events resulting in a deep mitochondrial split perpendicular to the nuclear DNA structure. We explored this scenario by coalescent modelling of ten mitochondrial genes and 400 nuclear DNA loci. Initial mitochondrial and nuclear genome divergences were estimated to have occurred in the early Pleistocene, consistent with the proposed scenario. Subsequent climatic transitions may have driven later mitochondrial introgression. We consider neutral introgression unlikely and instead propose that the evidence is more consistent with adaptive mitochondrial introgression and selection against incompatible mitochondrial‐nuclear combinations. This likely generated an axis of coastal‐inland mitochondrial differentiation in the face of nuclear gene flow, perpendicular to the initial north–south axis of differentiation (reflected in genomewide nuclear DNA and colour variation).
Meta‐Regression Models and Observational Research
Authors: Bruns Stephan B. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMeta‐regression models were originally developed for the synthesis of experimental research where randomization ensures unbiased and consistent estimation of the effect of interest. Most economics research is, however, observational and specification searches may often result in estimates that are biased and inconsistent, for example, due to omitted‐variable biases. We show that if the authors of primary studies search for statistically significant estimates in observational research, meta‐regression models tend to make false‐positive findings of genuine empirical effects. More research is needed to better understand how meta‐regression models need to be specified to help identifying genuine empirical effects in observational research.
Low Wage Returns to Schooling in a Developing Country: Evidence from a Major Policy Reform in Turkey
Authors: Aydemir Abdurrahman , Kirdar Murat G. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we estimate returns to schooling for young men and women in Turkey using the exogenous and substantial variation in schooling across birth cohorts brought about by the 1997 reform of compulsory schooling within a fuzzy regression discontinuity design. We estimate that the return from an extra year of schooling is about 7–8% for women and an imprecisely estimated 2–2.5% for men. The low level of the estimates for men contrasts starkly with those estimated for other developing countries. We identify several reasons why returns to schooling are low for men and why they are higher for women in our context. In particular, the policy alters the schooling distributions of men and women differently, thus the average causal effect puts a higher weight on the causal effect of schooling at higher grade levels for women than for men.
Genes for resistance to powdery mildew in European barley cultivars registered in the Czech Republic from 2011 to 2015
Authors: Dreiseitl Antonín 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBarley (Hordeum vulgare) is cultivated on 49.1 million hectares worldwide with 50.2% of the area located in Europe. Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh), occurs wherever barley is grown. Cultivar resistance plays an important role in global barley production, especially in parts of Europe where high concentrations of both spring and winter types are grown. The aim of this report was to postulate specific resistance genes in barleys from nine European countries registered in the Czech Republic from 2011 to 2015. Thirty‐five spring cultivars and 27 winter barleys were tested with 56 diverse Bgh isolates. Twenty‐five known resistance genes were postulated, and unknown genes were detected in Sandra, Saturn and Zeppelin. Unidentified specific resistance genes were also present in winter hybrids Hobbit and Wootan. Spring cultivars Arthur and Francin consisted of three and two genotypes, respectively. Resistance gene mlo was present in 26 spring cultivars, and the proportion of cultivars with this gene increased from 62.9% in 2006–2010 to 75.7% in 2011–2015. The gene Mlp1 was identified for the first time in German winter cultivar Saturn. Five spring cultivars registered in Slovakia were included in the tests. All the cultivars that were tested contained one or more specific resistance genes to powdery mildew. Adaptability of the pathogen and possibilities for breeding winter barleys are discussed.
Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder and Antepartum Complications: a Novel Risk Factor for Gestational Diabetes and Preeclampsia
Authors: Shaw Jonathan G. , Asch Steven M. , Katon Jodie G. , Shaw Kate A. , Kimerling Rachel , Frayne Susan M. , Phibbs Ciaran S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundPrior work shows that Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) predicts an increased risk of preterm birth, but the causal pathway(s) are uncertain. We evaluate the associations between PTSD and antepartum complications to explore how PTSD's pathophysiology impacts pregnancy.MethodsThis retrospective cohort analysis of all Veterans Health Administration (VA)‐covered deliveries from 2000–12 used the data of VA clinical and administration. Mothers with current PTSD were identified using the ICD‐9 diagnostic codes (i.e. code present during the antepartum year), as were those with historical PTSD. Medical and administrative data were used to identify the relevant obstetric diagnoses, demographics and health, and military deployment history. We used Poisson regression with robust error variance to derive the adjusted relative risk estimates (RR) for the association of PTSD with five clinically relevant antepartum complications [gestational diabetes (GDM), preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, growth restriction, and abruption]. Secondary outcomes included proxies for obstetric complexity (repeat hospitalisation, prolonged delivery hospitalisation, and caesarean delivery).ResultsOf the 15 986 singleton deliveries, 2977 (19%) were in mothers with PTSD diagnoses (1880 (12%) current PTSD). Mothers with the complication GDM were 4.9% and those with preeclampsia were 4.6% of all births. After adjustment, a current PTSD diagnosis (reference = no PTSD) was associated with an increased risk of GDM (RR 1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2, 1.7) and preeclampsia (RR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1, 1.6). PTSD also predicted prolonged (>4 day) delivery hospitalisation (RR 1.2, 95% CI 1.01, 1.4), and repeat hospitalisations (RR 1.4, 95% CI 1.2, 1.6), but not caesarean delivery.ConclusionsThe observed association of PTSD with GDM and preeclampsia is consistent with our nascent understanding of PTSD as a disruptor of neuroendocrine and cardiovascular health.
Leflunomide for the treatment of trichodysplasia spinulosa in a liver transplant recipient
Authors: Kassar Rawan , Chang Janis , Chan An‐Wen , Lilly Leslie B. , Al Habeeb Ayman , Rotstein Coleman 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTrichodysplasia spinulosa (TS) is a rare dermatologic complication associated with the immunosuppressive therapy used in solid organ transplantation. The distinctive clinical manifestation of this condition is spiny follicular papules on the face, ears, extremities, and trunk. Histopathologically, abnormally maturing hair follicles with hyperkeratotic material are noted. The condition is produced by the trichodysplasia spinulosa‐associated polyomavirus. Treatment of this condition in the past has entailed a reduction in immunosuppression, topical agents such as cidofovir or retinoids, or oral valganciclovir. Herein, we report a case of generalized TS treated successfully with leflunomide.
Systemic insecticides used in dogs: potential candidates for phlebotomine vector control?
Authors: Gomez Sonia Ares , Picado Albert 
Published: March 2017

SummaryZoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) is a public health problem endemic in some countries. Current control measures, in particular culling infected dogs, have not reducedZVLincidence in humans. We evaluated the use of five systemic insecticides (spinosad, fluralaner, afoxolaner, sarolaner and moxidectin) currently used in dogs for other purposes (e.g. tick, flea control) in controllingZVLtransmission. The anti‐phlebotomine capacity of these compounds confirmed in experimental studies makes their use inZVLcontrol programmes very promising. Limitations and benefits of using this new control tool are compared to current practices.
Tuberculin Skin Testing Boosts Interferon Gamma Responses to DIVA Reagents in Mycobacterium bovis-Infected Cattle
Authors: Jones Gareth J. , Coad Mick , Khatri Bhagwati , Bezos Javier , Parlane Natalie A. , Buddle Bryce M. , Villarreal-Ramos Bernardo , Hewinson R. Glyn , Vordermeier H. Martin 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium bovis
BCG vaccination sensitizes cattle to bovine tuberculin, which compromises the use of the current bovine tuberculosis (TB) surveillance tests. Although the performance of a blood test (that utilizes antigens expressed by
Mycobacterium bovis
but not by BCG) capable of discriminating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA interferon gamma test [DIT]) has been evaluated in naturally infected TB field reactors, there is a need to perform similar analysis in a BCG-vaccinated
M. bovis
-infected population. Furthermore, we explored different scenarios under which a DIT may be implemented alongside BCG vaccination: (i) serial testing to resolve potential false-positive skin test results or (ii) a standalone test to replace the single intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin (SICCT) skin test. Our results demonstrated significantly better relative test sensitivity when the DIT was evaluated in a serial test scenario. Direct comparison of pre- and post-skin test blood samples revealed that the SICCT test induced significant boosting of the gamma interferon response in
M. bovis
-infected animals to both the ESAT-6–CFP-10 and Rv3615c peptide cocktails that comprise the DIT, which persisted for the ESAT-6–CFP-10 reagent for at least 14 days. Importantly, no similar boosting effects were observed in noninfected BCG vaccinates, suggesting that DIVA blood testing after a recent skin test would have minimal impact on test specificity.
Comparative Evaluation of Sensititre YeastOne and CLSI M38-A2 Reference Method for Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Aspergillus spp. against Echinocandins
Authors: Siopi Maria , Pournaras Spyros , Meletiadis Joseph 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Sensititre YeastOne (YO) panels were assessed for
in vitro
susceptibility testing of echinocandins against 39 isolates of
Aspergillus fumigatus
,
A. flavus
, and
A. terreus
, including two echinocandin-resistant
A. fumigatus
strains, using different inocula (10
3
, 10
4
, and 10
5
CFU/ml), incubation times (16 to 48 h), and endpoints (first blue or purple well) and compared to CLSI M38-A2. The best agreement was found with an inoculum of 10
4
CFU/ml, incubation times of 20 h for
A. flavus
and of 30 h for
A. fumigatus
and
A. terreus
, and reading the first purple well. The reproducibility within ±1 2-fold dilutions was 100% for all three echinocandins. YO color endpoints were 2 to 3 2-fold dilutions lower than CLSI minimum effective concentrations (MECs) of caspofungin and 1 to 2 2-fold dilutions higher than CLSI MECs of micafungin. For anidulafungin, off-scale YO color endpoints were observed. Nevertheless,
A. fumigatus
echinocandin-resistant isolates were detected after 24 h of incubation.
Defining a Core Genome Multilocus Sequence Typing Scheme for the Global Epidemiology of Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Authors: Gonzalez-Escalona Narjol , Jolley Keith A. , Reed Elizabeth , Martinez-Urtaza Jaime 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Vibrio parahaemolyticus
is an important human foodborne pathogen whose transmission is associated with the consumption of contaminated seafood, with a growing number of infections reported over recent years worldwide. A multilocus sequence typing (MLST) database for
V. parahaemolyticus
was created in 2008, and a large number of clones have been identified, causing severe outbreaks worldwide (sequence type 3 [ST3]), recurrent outbreaks in certain regions (e.g., ST36), or spreading to other regions where they are nonendemic (e.g., ST88 or ST189). The current MLST scheme uses sequences of 7 genes to generate an ST, which results in a powerful tool for inferring the population structure of this pathogen, although with limited resolution, especially compared to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The application of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has become routine for trace back investigations, with core genome MLST (cgMLST) analysis as one of the most straightforward ways to explore complex genomic data in an epidemiological context. Therefore, there is a need to generate a new, portable, standardized, and more advanced system that provides higher resolution and discriminatory power among
V. parahaemolyticus
strains using WGS data. We sequenced 92
V. parahaemolyticus
genomes and used the genome of strain RIMD 2210633 as a reference (with a total of 4,832 genes) to determine which genes were suitable for establishing a
V. parahaemolyticus
cgMLST scheme. This analysis resulted in the identification of 2,254 suitable core genes for use in the cgMLST scheme. To evaluate the performance of this scheme, we performed a cgMLST analysis of 92 newly sequenced genomes, plus an additional 142 strains with genomes available at NCBI. cgMLST analysis was able to distinguish related and unrelated strains, including those with the same ST, clearly showing its enhanced resolution over conventional MLST analysis. It also distinguished outbreak-related from non-outbreak-related strains within the same ST. The sequences obtained from this work were deposited and are available in the public database (
http://pubmlst.org/vparahaemolyticus
). The application of this cgMLST scheme to the characterization of
V. parahaemolyticus
strains provided by different laboratories from around the world will reveal the global picture of the epidemiology, spread, and evolution of this pathogen and will become a powerful tool for outbreak investigations, allowing for the unambiguous comparison of strains with global coverage.
Analysis of MIC and Disk Diffusion Testing Variables for Gepotidacin and Comparator Agents against Select Bacterial Pathogens
Authors: Koeth L. M. , DiFranco-Fisher J. M. , Scangarella-Oman N. E. , Miller L. A. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to determine the effect of testing parameters on the
in vitro
activity of gepotidacin, a new triazaacenaphthylene antibacterial agent for the treatment of conventional and biothreat pathogens. CLSI methods, and variations of those methods, were used to test 10
Staphylococcus aureus
, 10
Streptococcus pneumoniae
, 10
Haemophilus influenzae
, and 5
Escherichia coli
isolates by MIC and 30
S. aureus
, 15
S. pneumoniae
, and 15
S. pyogenes
isolates by disk diffusion (DD) methods. Levofloxacin and linezolid were tested as comparator agents for MIC and DD methods, respectively. Broth microdilution (BMD), macrodilution (MD), and agar dilution (AD) methods were compared. Variations in media, temperature, incubation time, CO
2
level, and inoculum concentration were tested by all methods, and variations in pH, calcium, magnesium, zinc, potassium, thymidine, and polysorbate 80 levels were tested by BMD and DD. The addition of albumin, serum, and lung surfactant was studied by BMD. The variables that impacted the results the most were high inoculum and pH 5.5 (no growth of
H. influenzae
and
S. pneumoniae
by BMD). Gepotidacin AD MIC levels were increased and disk zone diameters were decreased for all species in 10% CO
2
incubation. The following variables had a minimal effect on gepotidacin results: pH, agar method, atmospheric condition, temperature, and addition of serum and albumin for broth methods. There were also some slight differences in gepotidacin disk results between disk manufacturers and some agar types and also with potassium and thymidine for
S. pneumoniae
. For all other variations, gepotidacin MIC and disk results were considered comparable to reference results.