bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colorimetry Technique as a Tool for Determining Release Kinetics and Mass Transfer Parameters of Anthocyanins Encapsulated in W1/O/W2 Double Emulsions
Authors: Escobar Blanco Mónica , Quezada Gallo J. Alberto , Estrada Arias K. Shaindel , Pedroza Islas Ruth 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Anthocyanin extract (AE) was encapsulated in W1/O/W2 double emulsions and colorimetry technique using the CIE L*a*b* system was used to determine the release kinetics. Parameters a* and b* better correlated the variations in color of emulsions due to the release of AE into the external phase. Chroma value (C*) was used for tracking these color variations and to determine the release kinetics. The emulsions showed high stability, droplet sizes didn’t change after 30 days of storage (D4,3=4.74±0.12 μm), and 2.7 % AE was released to the external phase after this time. The possible release mechanism of AE from the internal phase of the emulsion is diffusion controlled with good accordance to Fick’s first law (R
2=0.9938) with a diffusion coefficient of 7.15×10−8 cm2/d.
Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Flash-Assisted Extracted Dihydroquercetin from Wood Sawdust of Larix gmelinii Using a Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Li Jianxia , Zhang Qiaohui , Cui Jie , Ning Yaping , Wang Fengjun , Ouyang Jie , Wang Jianzhong 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
We investigate a flash-assisted extraction of dihydroquercetin (DHQ) from wood sawdust of Larix gmelinii by response surface methodology. Box–Behnken design optimized the extraction conditions, and the highest DHQ yield (6.15 %) was obtained under optimal extraction conditions: FAE time (3 min), extraction time (3 h), solid-to-liquid (g/mL) ratio (1:15), and ethanol concentration (75 %). After purification, the DHQ purity was 96 % as determined by HPLC and was further characterized by FTIR. Purified DHQ’s antioxidant activities were confirmed in vitro by determining DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities and reducing Fe3+ power. In the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity assays, DHQ displayed prominent antioxidant activities with low IC50 values (11.568 and 12.475 μg/mL, respectively). In reducing Fe3+ power assay, high DHQ absorbance values showed that DHQ had higher reducing power than butylated hydroxyl toluene and had nearly the same consistent power as ascorbic acid at the same doses.
Physical properties of Physalis peruviana L.
Authors: Oliveira Solange F. , Gonçalves Fernando J. A. , Correia Paula M. R. , Guiné Raquel P. F. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Physalis (Physalis peruviana L.), also known
as cape gooseberry or ground-cherry, plays an important
role in nutrition as an excellent base for dietetic products.
Highly valued for its unique flavour, texture and colour,
recent research has shown that physalis fruit is rich in
many beneficial compounds.
In this study, the diameter and mass of physalis fruits were
measured, which can be used to calculate other biometric
characteristics of the fruit, such as: surface area, volume
or density. Other physical properties were measured,
namely the colour coordinates, by means of a Chroma
meter, whilst the textural parameters firmness and elasticity
were measured with a texturometer.
The following values were calculated for the physalis
fruits analysed in the present work: 1.69 cm for average
diameter; 8.98 cm2 for surface area, 2.51 cm3 for volume;
2.77 g for mass was, and 1.10 g/cm3 for density. The colour
coordinates were 56.72 for lightness, 16.69 for redness,
and 58.11 for yellowness. Skin firmness and elasticity
were evaluated for texture attributes, and their average
values were 2.40 N and 2.94 mm, respectively. The results
of this work are in accordance with data reported by other
authors in the literature.
The role of non-governmental organizations in the mental health area: differences in understanding
Authors: Zupančič Vesna , Pahor Majda 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Introduction
The contribution’s aim is highlighting the differences in understanding non-governmental organizations’ (NGOs) role in the mental health area within the public support network for patients with mental health problems from various viewpoints, in order to achieve progress in supporting patients with mental health problems in local communities.

Methods
Qualitative data gathered as a part of a cross-sectional study of NGOs in the support network for patients with mental health problems in two Slovenian health regions (56 local communities), carried out in 2013 and 2014, were used. Qualitative analysis of interviews, focus groups and answers to an open survey question was performed.

Results
There are differences in understanding NGOs’ role in the support network for patients with mental health problems, which stem from the roles of stakeholders (local community officials, experts, care providers, and patients) within this system and their experience.

Discussion and conclusion
The actual differences need to be addressed and overcome in order to provide integrated community care. The importance of knowing the current state of NGOs in their life cycle and the socio-chronological context of the local community support network is evident.
Health-related quality of life in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy
Authors: Radsel Anja , Osredkar Damjan , Neubauer David 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Introduction
In a cross-sectional cohort study, health-related quality of life of Slovenian children and adolescents with cerebral palsy was examined, and factors associated with it have been identified.

Methods
Caregivers of 122 children and adolescents with cerebral palsy were addressed to fill out proxy versions of HRQoL questionnaires (DISABKIDS generic and cerebral palsy module). Children and adolescents without cognitive deficit were asked to fill out the self-report versions.

Results
Ninety-one families of 43 children (the mean age is 10 years, 6 months, SD 1.2; 26 males and 17 females) and 48 adolescents (the mean age is 14 years, SD 0.9; 23 males and 25 females) completed proxyreports. Forty-eight individuals were able to self-report (26 children and 22 adolescents). Health-related quality of life was perceived as good. Self-reporting participants scored higher than their caregivers (mean score 75.6, SD 15.9 versus mean 72.3, SD 17.9; p=0.048). Adolescents scored lower than children in all domains (mean score 69.4, SD 19.4 versus mean 80.8, SD 10.0; p=0.01). Higher age (p<0.001), pain (p<0.001) and disturbed sleep (p=0.002) were strong predictors of worse health-related quality of life. Social Inclusion and Independence domains received the lowest scores.

Conclusions
Slovenian children and adolescents with cerebral palsy have a good health-related quality of life, with Social Inclusion and Independence being the weakest domains. Children reported higher scores than adolescents or their caretakers. Pain was the strongest predictor of poor health-related quality of life.
Encouraging employees to report verbal violence in primary health care in Serbia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Fisekovic Kremic Marina B , Terzic-Supic Zorica J , Santric-Milicevic Milena M , Trajkovic Goran Z 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Introduction
Workplace violence is a serious and multidimensional problem that adversely affects professional and personal lives of employees. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and characteristics of verbal violence as a part of psychological violence among employees in primary health care in Belgrade, and to identify contributing factors of verbal violence in the workplace.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, the final analysis included 1526 employees, using multi-stage sampling. Data were collected using the questionnaire Workplace Violence in the Health Sector Country Case Studies Research, developed by ILO/ICN/WHO/PSI. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were used to analyse the data. The general response rate was 86.8% (1526/1757).

Results
It was found that 47.8% of the participants were subjected to verbal violence. The main source of verbal violence was patient/client, 55.6% of employees did not report the incident. Among those who did not report the incident, 74.9% believed that reporting violence was useless. The interaction with patients (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.02-2.06) and work between 6pm and 7am (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.01-1.60) were significant contributing factors of verbal violence.

Conclusion
The results are indicative of a high prevalence of verbal violence against employees in primary health centres, which could have undesirable consequences. Conducting a better organizational measure and encouraging employees to report workplace violence could reduce the prevalence of verbal violence.
The evaluation of MRSA surveillance cultures by the number and combinations of anatomical sites
Authors: Grmek Kosnik Irena , Storman Alenka , Petrovic Ziva , Robnik Slavica , Dermota Urska , Zohar Cretnik Tjasa 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Introduction
The identification of patients infected and/or colonised by methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is necessary for the timely introduction of measures for infection control. We compared the diagnostic efficacy of combinations of MRSA surveillance swabs routinely taken by health institutions in the country.

Methods
All surveillance samples, which were sent for a microbiological analysis to detect MRSA with the culture method in 2014, in the three departments for medical microbiology of the National Laboratory for Health, Environment and Food, were included in this study.

Results
Among 65,251 surveillance cultures from 13,274 persons, 1,233 (2.1%) were positive (490 positive persons). Prevailing positive surveillance cultures were throat swabs (31.3%), followed by nose swab (31.2%), skin swab (18.9%), perineum (16.4%) and wound swabs (1.4%). The contribution of other samples, such as aspirate, urine and excreta, was under 1%. We found no statistically significant differences in the frequency of detection of a positive patient, if the combination of samples NTS (nose, throat, skin) or NTP (nose, throat, perineum) was analysed. However, statistically significant differences were confirmed when any of the anatomic sites would be omitted from the sets of NTP and NTS (chi square; p<0.01). Adding additional samples resulted in only 24 additional positive patients (4.9%).

Conclusions
The results indicate that increasing the number of surveillance cultures above three does not add much to the sensitivity of MRSA surveillance, the exception could be wound. The swabs from the perineum and from the skin are exchangeable.
Mitochondrial DNA mutations in iPS cells: mtDNA integrity as standard iPSC selection criteria?
Authors: Hämäläinen Riikka H 
Published: July 2016

Somatic cells harbor random heteroplasmic mitochondrial DNA mutations, which are considered to contribute to aging. In this issue of The EMBO Journal, Perales‐Clemente et al () show that mtDNA mutations, present at low levels in the starting fibroblasts, become enriched in iPS cells and lead to functional defects in iPS‐derived cells. In another recent study, Kang et al () demonstrated that accumulation of mtDNA mutations of somatic origin in iPSCs is age related.
A new hERG allosteric modulator rescues genetic and drug‐induced long‐QT syndrome phenotypes in cardiomyocytes from isogenic pairs of patient induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Sala Luca , Yu Zhiyi , Ward‐van Oostwaard Dorien , van Veldhoven Jacobus PD , Moretti Alessandra , Laugwitz Karl‐Ludwig , Mummery Christine L , IJzerman Adriaan P , Bellin Milena 
Published: July 2016

AbstractLong‐QT syndrome (LQTS) is an arrhythmogenic disorder characterised by prolongation of the QT interval in the electrocardiogram, which can lead to sudden cardiac death. Pharmacological treatments are far from optimal for congenital forms of LQTS, while the acquired form, often triggered by drugs that (sometimes inadvertently) target the cardiac hERG channel, is still a challenge in drug development because of cardiotoxicity. Current experimental models in vitro fall short in predicting proarrhythmic properties of new drugs in humans. Here, we leveraged a series of isogenically matched, diseased and genetically engineered, human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC‐CMs) from patients to test a novel hERG allosteric modulator for treating congenital LQTS, drug‐induced LQTS or a combination of the two. By slowing IKr deactivation and positively shifting IKr inactivation, the small molecule LUF7346 effectively rescued all of these conditions, demonstrating in a human system that allosteric modulation of hERG may be useful as an approach to treat inherited and drug‐induced LQTS. Furthermore, our study provides experimental support of the value of isogenic pairs of patient hiPSC‐CMs as platforms for testing drug sensitivities and performing safety pharmacology.
L’autorizzaziones paesaggistica in Italia: un pilastro instabile
Authors: Florio Sergio 
Published: July 2016

L’autorizzazione paesaggistica ha costituito un baluardo per il paesaggio, la cui protezione risale al periodo anteriore alla Costituzione. Essa venne concepita come salvaguardia delle bellezze naturali, ma dopo la Costituzione del 1948, grazie anche agli studi della dottrina, il paesaggio assunse una dimensione culturale che superò l'aspetto estetico. La competenza al rilascio delle specifiche autorizzazioni, strumento chiave della protezione, dopo un periodo nel quale venne riservata allo Stato, fu delegata alle Regioni e si sono evidenziate numerose problematiche. Dopo la riforma del titolo la V della Costituzione del 2001 lo Stato ha assunto di nuovo un ruolo preminente, ma le problematiche, a cagione di interpretazioni e nuovi interventi legislativi, continuano a permanere.
Fully Capitated Payment Breakeven Rate for a Mid-Size Pediatric Practice
Authors: Farmer Steven A. , Shalowitz Joel , George Meaghan , McStay Frank , Patel Kavita , Perrin James , Moghtaderi Ali , McClellan Mark 
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Payers are implementing alternative payment models that attempt to align payment with high-value care. This study calculates the breakeven capitated payment rate for a midsize pediatric practice and explores how several different staffing scenarios affect the rate.

METHODS:
We supplemented a literature review and data from &gt;200 practices with interviews of practice administrators, physicians, and payers to construct an income statement for a hypothetical, independent, midsize pediatric practice in fee-for-service. The practice was transitioned to full capitation to calculate the breakeven capitated rate, holding all practice parameters constant. Panel size, overhead, physician salary, and staffing ratios were varied to assess their impact on the breakeven per-member per-month (PMPM) rate. Finally, payment rates from an existing health plan were applied to the practice.

RESULTS:
The calculated breakeven PMPM was $24.10. When an economic simulation allowed core practice parameters to vary across a broad range, 80% of practices broke even with a PMPM of $35.00. The breakeven PMPM increased by 12% ($3.00) when the staffing ratio increased by 25% and increased by 23% ($5.50) when the staffing ratio increased by 38%. The practice was viable, even with primary care medical home staffing ratios, when rates from a real-world payer were applied.

CONCLUSIONS:
Practices are more likely to succeed in capitated models if pediatricians understand how these models alter practice finances. Staffing changes that are common in patient-centered medical home models increased the breakeven capitated rate. The degree to which team-based care will increase panel size and offset increased cost is unknown.
Calories and steps! How many days of walking/hiking in the Himalayas does ONE Christmas lunch translate to?
Authors: Pillay J D 
Published: July 2016

Background. The festive season is a time when people are at risk of overeating and weight gain. An active break during this time can help maintain energy balance. Objectives. To determine steps taken during a walk/hike to Everest Base Camp and back and compare estimated activityrelated energy expenditure to a typical Christmas lunch. Methods. Five adults (39-70 years) completed an 11-day walk/hike. Pedometer-measured steps were recorded at two cadences: ‘aerobic’ (>100 steps/minute for 10 consecutive minutes) or ‘slower’ steps. Activity-related energy expenditure was estimated using generic values for walking uphill/downhill at each cadence. Energy intake of a typical Christmas lunch was estimated. Results. Participants accumulated a total of 143 770 steps, or 13 070 (SD 8 272) steps/day, 20% of which were ‘aerobic’. Total walk-related energy expenditure was estimated at 22 816 kcals, or 1 901 (SD 580) kcals/day. Conclusion. Estimated energy intake in one Christmas lunch equates to 1.7 days of walking/hiking. Keywords. Energy intake, physical activity, energy expenditure, pedometer
ENGLISH LITERATURE TEACHING: AN INDONESIAN CONTEXT
Authors: Novianti Nita 
Published: July 2016

<p>Literature has gained an increasingly important place in language learning. Particularly in the EFL context, it has been regarded as beneficial for the improvement of English skills. However, there is not much attention given to the teaching of English literature for the sake of literature, not merely as a tool or technique in language learning, especially in Indonesia. The research therefore aims to investigate the teaching of English literature to EFL students in Indonesian universities. More specifically, it attempts to find how English literature lecturers select literary texts, what problems encountered by lecturers in teaching English literature to EFL students, and how they cope with the problems. A case study to three lecturers teaching three different literature courses in a state university in Indonesia was conducted. The findings show that: <em>First, </em>lengths, levels of language difficulty, canonical status, and the cultural background of the author become the main consideration for selecting the literary texts to teach; <em>Second</em>, the problems encountered are of threefold, namely reading habit, English proficiency, and resources; and <em>Third</em>, some of the strategies to cope with the problems consist of individual reading assignment, reading group, and taking the most advantage of the internet for teaching resources. This research has demonstrated that there are many areas for further studies in the teaching of English literature to EFL students in Indonesia, finding effective teaching models is one of them.</p>
TENDENCIAS Y PERSPECTIVAS DE NUEVOS ESCENARIOS EDUCACIONALES
Authors: Castellanos Samuel Luis Velazquez 
Published: July 2016

Se analizan en este trabajo las tendencias educacionales provocadas por las transformaciones enlos planos económico, político, social y cultural. Se aborda la repercusión de estos cambios en la construcción denuevos escenarios que respondan a las exigencias de la posmodernidad. Se reflexiona sobre el papel de la racionalidadinstrumental deliberada en el mundo contemporáneo a partir de la perspectiva habermasiana. Se trata de lasimplicaciones de esta racionalidad en la configuración de la economía y del mercado del trabajo, en el desarrollo eimplantación de las nuevas tecnologías informacionales y, en la formación/calificación del profesor, discutiéndose laproyección del trabajo docente, tanto en el marco de actuación individual y colectiva, como también en lo particulary en lo global que emerge en el campo de la educación.Palabras clave: Tendencias educacionales. Racionalidad instrumental. Escenarios educativos. TENDÊNCIAS E PERSPECTIVAS DE NOVOS CENÁRIOS EDUCACIONAISResumo: Analisam-se neste trabalho, as tendências educacionais provocadas pelas mudanças nos planoseconômico, político, social e cultural. Aborda-se a repercussão destas transformações na construção de novoscenários educacionais que respondam às exigências da pós-modernidade. Reflexiona-se sobre o papel da racionalidade-instrumental deliberada no mundo contemporâneo a partir da perspectiva habermasiana. Trata-se dasimplicações desta racionalidade na configuração da economia e no mercado do trabalho, no desenvolvimento e implantaçãodas novas tecnologias informacionais e na formação/qualificação do professor, discutindo-se a projeçãodo trabalho docente, tanto no marco de atuação individul e coletivo, como também no particular e no global queemerge no campo da educação.Palavras-chave: Tendências educacionais. Racionalidade instrumental. Cenários educativos. TENDENCIES AND PROSPECTS OF NEW EDUCATIONAL SCENARIOSAbstract: Are analyzed in this work, educational tendencies provoked by changes in economic, political, socialand cultural plans. Deals with the repercussion of these changes in the construction of new educational scenariosthat meet the requirements of postmodernity. He reflects up about the role of rationality-instrumental deliberate inthe contemporary world from Habermas’ perspective. Say about the implications of this rationality in the configurationof economy and in the labor market, in the development and deployment of new information technologies andin training / qualification of the teacher, discussing the projection of teaching, in individual and collective activities offramework for action, but also in particular and global that emerges in the field of education.Keywords: Educational tendencies. Instrumental rationality. Educational settings.