bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ON THE MEANING OF JOB 26:9
Authors: Pinker Aron 
Published: January 2018

This study suggests that the difficulties in understanding Job 26:9 in context stem from a transcriberâ€™s erroneous transposition of the two words ×›×¡×” and ×¤×¨×©×– . It is argued that the original reading was ×žÖ°×Ö·×—Öµ×– ×¤Ö° × Öµ×™ ×¤Ö·×¨Ö¾Ö¾×¢×•Ö¹×– ×›Ö¼Ö´ ×¡×” ×¢ ×œ×™×• ×¢Ö²× × ×•Ö¹ , â€œHe holds the face of a mighty ox, His cloud covers himâ€. This can be paraphrased: â€œGod puts a constraint on the face of the mighty bull (Behemot) and covers him with His cloud so that he would not be affected by the drying sunâ€. The verse does not admit a celestial or cosmographic interpretation, but a mythological understanding. It depicts typical divine behaviour, which exhibits control and concern. Mentioning Behemot in v. 9 complements the reference to the sea monsters (×¨×”×‘ and × ×—×© ×‘×¨×™×— ) in the following verses with a land monster.
A História Dominante do Movimento CTS e o seu Papel no Subcampo Brasileiro de Pesquisa em Ensino de Ciências CTS
Authors: Ribeiro Thiago Vasconcelos , Santos Aliny Tinoco , Genovese Luiz Gonzaga Roversi 
Published: January 2018

O presente artigo tem por objetivo problematizar e analisar alguns elementos destacados na literatura nacional a respeito da história dominante de origem do movimento Ciência-Tecnologia-Sociedade (CTS). Entende-se que esta “história dominante”, assim caracterizada por ser tratada de forma relativamente padronizada pelos principais trabalhos na área, desempenha um papel importante nas lutas no interior do Subcampo Brasileiro de Pesquisa em Ensino de Ciências CTS. Para a construção do objeto de pesquisa foi empregado o aporte teórico desenvolvido por Pierre Bourdieu da noção de campo. A análise dos dados permite questionar criticamente diversos elementos presentes na forma com que a origem do movimento CTS é apresentada e sinalizar para mecanismos de violência simbólica que assim são tacitamente admitidos e transmitidos no subcampo em questão.
Evolução Humana e Religião: Opiniões de Jovens Brasileiros e Italianos
Authors: Oliveira Graciela Silva , Bizzo Nelio , Pellegrini Giuseppe 
Published: January 2018

Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a aceitação da explicação científica para a origem humana por estudantes brasileiros e italianos, e as relações das suas opiniões com a religião. Os dados foram coletados através de um questionário intitulado Barômetro e analisados com o auxílio do Software Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) – versão 18.0. Os resultados sugerem que os jovens brasileiros e italianos atribuem valor à religião e se identificam com grupos religiosos. Quanto à aceitação da evolução humana,os jovens italianos estão mais dispostos a assumir uma posição científica para a própria origem, ao passo que as influências de crenças pessoais foram mais intensas nas respostas dos jovens brasileiros. Entre alguns estudantes italianos verifica-se a intervenção de ideias teístas; no caso do Brasil antes de influências religiosas ressaltam-se defasagens de conhecimentos científicos.
A Produção Acadêmica em Ensino de Biologia no Brasil – 40 anos (1972–2011): Base Institucional e Tendências Temáticas e Metodológicas
Authors: Teixeira Paulo Marcelo Marini , Megid Neto Jorge 
Published: January 2018

O artigo analisa a produção acadêmica expressa em dissertações e teses em Ensino de Biologia, defendidas no período 1972–2011 em programas de pós-graduação existentes no Brasil. Identificamos 1000 documentos, examinados conforme os seguintes descritores: i) ano de defesa; ii) instituições de origem e distribuição geográfica; iii) titulação; iv) orientadores; v) nível escolar; vi) focos temáticos; vii) gêneros de trabalho acadêmico. Nos resultados, após explicitar detalhes sobre a base institucional sustentadora desse campo investigativo no país, algumas tendências que marcam os estudos nesta subárea relativa à Educação em Ciências são apontadas, sobretudo em relação aos níveis de ensino privilegiados, linhas temáticas e problemáticas investigadas, além de alguns elementos caracterizadores dos trabalhos examinados do ponto de vista teórico-metodológico.
Analisis Karakteristik dan Penilaian Tingkat Kekumuhan Kawasan Permukiman ‘Kampung Braga’ - Kota Bandung
Authors: Wihadanto Ake , Barus Baba , Achsani Noer Azam , Bratakusumah Deddy S. 
Published: January 2018

An unexpected growth of slum settlement has been happening in most of Indonesian cities. “Kampung Braga” is one of the slum areas located in one of strategic areas in the centre of Bandung city. It is an enclave that lies along the side of Cikapundung river and surrounded by the tourism area. This research analyzed characteristics and untidiness level of “Kampung Braga”. The untidiness level assessment was based on dimensions (aspects) stated by Minister of Public Works and Housing’s Regulation no. 02/PRT/M/2016 regarding housing and slum area quality development: (1) building; (2) surrounding road; (3) water; (4) drainage; (5) waste management; (6) trash management; and (7) fire security. This research also formulated composite index that can be used in area quality assessment. The index consists of the following aspects or indicators: (1) The buildings’ density; (2) people’s density per lot; (3) availability of infrastructures and utilities; (4) availability of open public space; (5) inexpediency to area’s spatial planning; and (6) lot’s ownership. The index was determined or calculated based on weighted average of those indicators. The results show that(1) most of the residents are small (low scale) entrepreneurs in trading, with low level of education and income; (2)most of the buildings are under 45 m2, occupied by 8 people (mostly consists of 2 households), lie on high density location, and in improper condition; (3) Low level infrastructures (road, water, waste treatment facility, drainage, and green area); and (4)spatially, the buildings lie irrelarly, and some of those are also located at the bank of Cikapundung river. The overall condition is also reflected in the result of the quantitative assessment that the quality of “Kampung Braga” is categorized as “Very Low” which score of 0.25 (0.00 – 1.00 scale), and “Very High Slum” (score 88). Therefore, “Kampung Braga” needs to be transformed in order to enhance quality of the area, as well as people’s quality of life.
MODEL PENGEMBANGAN USAHA BUDIDAYA RUMPUT LAUT (Eucheuma cottonii) DENGAN PENDEKATAN CAUSAL LOOP DIAGRAM (STUDI KASUS DI PANTAI CIPATUJAH KABUPATEN TASIKMALAYA)
Authors: Kristian Sugandi Wahyu , Mahardhian Dwi Putra Guyup 
Published: January 2018

Pantai Cipatujah Kabupaten Tasikmalaya merupakan salah satu tempat yang berpotensi dalam pengembangan usaha rumput laut mengingat topografi dan kondisi alam yang ada disana memungkinkan untuk pembudidayaan rumput laut. Permintaan dunia akan kebutuhan rumput laut sebagai bahan baku industri makanan dan obat-obatan terus meningkat, untuk itu telah dilakukan pendekatan model pengembangan usaha rumput laut di pantai Cipatujah Kabupaten Tasikmalaya dengan metode causal loop diagram. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa skenario ke-1 merupakan hasil yang paling baik dibandingkan dengan skenario ke-2 dan ke-3. Dimana dengan ditingkatkannya bobot bibit pada penebaran awal menjadi 30 kg per jalur pada tiap penanaman, maka kenaikan produksi pada panen ke-25 sebesar 33,3 % jika dibanding dengan skenario model dasar. Sedangkan keuntungan setelah pengembangan naik menjadi 32,5% dibandingkan dengan skenario model dasar. Diharapkan skenario ke-1 ini dapat digunakan oleh investor dan pemerintah setempat sebagai dasar untuk membangun usaha rumput laut guna meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat pantai Cipatujah Kabupaten Tasikmalaya.
Kata kunci: Pantai Cipatujah, rumput laut, skenario
Organosilicone Modified Styrene-Acrylic Latex: Preparation and Crude Oil Dehydration
Authors: Pei Shihong , Zhao Yue , Wang Zixu 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
When crude oil is dehydrated with conventional demulsifiers, the dehydration rate is low which cannot meet the existing treatment requirements. To solve this problem, in this paper, a non-polyether demulsifier (St-BA-AA) was synthesized with styrene (St), butyl acrylate (BA), and acrylic acid (AA) as monomers, vinyl triethoxy silane as modifier by emulsion polymerization, which was compounded with the conventional demulsifier (PAMAM). The influence of temperature, setting time, compound ratio, HLB, IFT of two different demulsifiers was investigated in detail. The HLB measurement indicated that the closer the proportion value of HLB to the crude oil, emulsifiers have a better ability of replacing natural emulsifiers. The IFT measurement showed that when the dosage of demulsifier was 100 mg/L, the oil/water interfacial tension reached its lowest point. By optimizing the operating condition, more than 99.6% (wt) water was removed from the crude oil.
Strategien zur Minimierung von Opportunitätskosten der Totholzbereitstellung
Authors: Härtl Fabian H. , Langhammer Peter , Knoke Thomas 
Published: January 2018

Strategies aimed to minimize opportunity costs regarding the provision of deadwood
Besides the conventional use of wood for construction and heating, further ecosystem services of forests gain more and more importance, such as environmental protection and social welfare. Due to its long-term production, forest management is faced with additional biophysical and economic risks when providing these services. This article assesses how ecosystem services can be included in an economic planning model using as an example the provision of deadwood in commercial forests. For a private forest enterprise in Bavaria (Germany), different deadwood targets were combined with different grading variants and included in the optimization approach as side conditions. By comparing the different optimal solutions for different deadwood targets it was possible to derive the costs of an optimal strategy. The results indicate that costs widely vary not only depending on the amount, but also on the grading types of deadwood (entire tree, strong timber, branches), the tree species (softwood, hardwood), and the given time horizon to reach the deadwood target. As a conclusion for practitioners we derive that ecological and economic objectives can be combined in an optimal way by the examined enterprise if deadwood is provided from whole hardwood trees and if the goal does not have to be reached in a short time.
Partizipative Erarbeitung von Bewirtschaftungsszenarien für den Tessiner Kastaniengürtel
Authors: Cellina Francesca , Pampuri Luca , Conedera Marco , Bettelini Davide , Genazzi Rudy , Rudel Roman 
Published: January 2018

Participatory design of management scenarios for the Ticino chestnut belt
Current guidelines for forest management ask for multi-functional management schemes, allowing a balance between different forest functions, such as production, protection, recreation and ecology. This requires adoption of multi-criteria processes for forest planning. In such a framework, involving stakeholders from the very beginning of the process might be an additional benefit: it would allow to identify possible broadly accepted forest management strategies, thus facilitating their implementation. In this paper, we present the methodologies and tools we developed between 2013 and 2016, in a process aimed at designing and assessing management scenarios for the chestnut belt forests in the Canton of Ticino (Switzerland). Structured and transparent comparison among the scenarios allowed around twenty representatives of cantonal offices and interest groups to make rational and informed choices, leading to the identification of two low-conflict, compromise management scenarios to be implemented in the near future.
Latérite alumineuse jurassique dans la nappe des préalpes médianes du Chablais (Savoie)
Authors: Vernet J.Pierre 
Published: January 2018

Une émersion s'est produite dans le géosynclinal alpin entre le Lias supérieur et la base du Jurassique supérieur ; elle a affecté les séries des Préalpes médianes rigides et de la Vanoise. Pendant cette exondation une altération superficielle de type latéritique a donné naissance à des sols rouges riches en kaolinite, goethite, hématite et gibbsite.
La surcharge sédimentaire et le dynamétamorphisme ont transformé la gibbsite en diaspore . Plus tard les conditions d'hydrodynamisme ayant changé, le drainage devenant moins actif, la chlorite est apparue aux côtés de la kaolinite. Une illite dégradée en traces semble être le reliquat de l'ancienne fraction argileuse antérieur à la kaolinisation.
Pendant l'émersion, un régime karstique étendu a régné sur les terres exondées, puis la transgression des couches à Mytilus a recouvert le tout. Mais avant et pendant cette transgression, les latérites alumineuses ont été érodées, transportées et sédimentées au large, devenant responsables de la coloration rougeâtre de l'Argovien "flammé".
Sur la structure de la phase anhydre de la muscovite entre 700° et 1000°C
Authors: Eberhart Jean-Pierre 
Published: January 2018

Different muscovites have been studied after heating to between 700° and 1200°C. Two stages may be distinguished. The first stage, between 700° and 1000°C corresponds to an anhydrous form of muscovite the structure of which seems barely modified. The oxygen ions which remain within the network structure following removal of water by the -OH ions, diffuse into the octahedral layer. This diffusion is accompanied by distorsion of the network and an increase of parameters a, b, c,
Round about 1050°C the mica network structure is destroyed and new crystalline phases appear . The predominant phase has a structure of the spinel type. Its orientation as compared to the network structure of muscovite has been studied by means of X-rays on the one hand, and microscopy and electron diffraction methods, on the other. Its X-ray diagram changes depending on the percentage of magnesium and iron in the initial muscovite. The projection of the electron density along [111] of the spinel provides interesting information on its structure and its formation from the muscovite network.
Etude de quelques propriétés interfaciales de la montmorillonite
Authors: du Basty W. , Jacquin C. , Simandoux Pierre 
Published: January 2018

The basic study of the mechanisms of ion exchange in the medium surrounding a particle of a suspension of Montmorillonite in water, provides some indication as to the interfacial electric properties of these clays as a function of the ionic content of the liquid phase, and emphasizes the value of certain characteristic parameters such as the specific surface area of these suspensions and the average thickness of their diffuse double ionic layer.
By observing the dielectric behaviour of a claycy porous medium satureted with water and of variable ionic content, it is possible to cause, indirectly certain of these interfacial properties to appear, and enables several interesting facts to be established concerning the mechanisms of hydration and the importance of the water layer linked with the particles.
Structure réelle de la muscovite répartition des substitutions isomorphes
Authors: Gatineau Lucien 
Published: January 2018

The tetrahedral substitutions of aluminium for silicon produce an X-ray diffusion outside the BRAGG regions.
These diffusions are concentrated on reciprocal planes perpendicular to the plane of the lamination passing through the reciprocal lines h k.
The type of diffusion shows that the substitutions form periodic linear chains parallel to certain of the principal directions of the bidimensional lattice a-b.
The crystal is divided into regions, each of which is characterized by the direction along which these chains develop. The principal existing regions are those in which the substitutions are aligned along the directions [10], [11] and [l1 ] .
A study of these regions shows that the chains of substitutions group themselves into sequences of 2, 4, 6 or 8 units and that neutralization of the potassium ion charges is effected by the alternation of full or empty sequences on the two contiguous layers of adjacent laminations.
La constitution cristallochimique des phyllosilicates. Sa signification et ses conséquences
Authors: Pédro Georges 
Published: January 2018

La recherche de critères fondamentaux pouvant servir à l'établissement d'une classification des minéraux argileux, a conduit à réexaminer le problème de la constitution cristallo-chimique des Phyllosilicates .
L'étude des données analytiques les plus récentes, effectuées sur de nombreuses phyllites montre en effet que les règles classiques, dues en particulier à G. Nagelschmidt et à R.E. Stevens , sur la charge positive de la couche octaèdrique (6) et sur les possibilités dès son occupation (2 ou 3) restent bien théoriques. Si l'on considère par exemple la charge de la couche octaèdrique. on constate en réalité, que, dans la plupart des minéraux phylliteux, celle-ci est différente de 6 ; mais elle peut être, soit inférieure à 6, soit supérieure à 6.
d'où les notions de
phyllites hypoctaèdriques (&lt;6) phyllites hyperoctaèdriques (&gt; 6) et phyllites isoctaèdriques (= 6)
La constitution cristallochimique des différents ensembles classiques : micas, vermiculites , smectites, berthierines, chlorites... est alors examinée dans cette nouvelle perspective. On donne finalement un aperçu des quelques enseignements qui peuvent en être tirés quant à l'étude des pro¬ blèmes relatifs à la classification et aussi à l'évolution génétique des minéraux argileux.
Comportement diélectrique de la Montmorillonite à différentes hydratations
Authors: Weiler R. A. , Chaussidon Jean 
Published: January 2018

On étudie en fonction de la température et en fonction de la fréquence du champ électrique, les propriétés diélectriques d'une montmorillonite saturée en Li, Na, K et Cs.
L'étude porte d'une part sur des échantillons dont la teneur en eau varie entre 0 % et 15 %, et d'autre part sur des gels et des suspensions.
Selon la concentration et selon le cation adsorbé, les spectres de l'angle de perte en fonction de la température montrent plusieurs absorptions.
On observe généralement trois domaines différents d'absorption du type Debye à très basse température, suivie de deux domaines de conductivité par porteurs libres.
L'étendue et les limites de ces différents domaines varient suivant la nature du cation saturant la capacité d'échange, ce qui est souligné par la valeur des énergies d 'activation, et suivant la teneur en eau de l'argile.
Des hypothèses sont proposées pour expliquer l'origine des phénomènes observés.
Auto-diffusion des ions Na+ dans la Montmorillonite aux faibles états d'hydratation
Authors: Calvet R. , Chaussidon Jean 
Published: January 2018

Le coefficient d'auto -diffusion du sodium dans la montmorillonite sodique a été déterminé par la méthode des traceurs radioactifs. Les conditions expérimentales adoptées permettent de décrire la diffusion par la formule :
C(X, t) = Cu/2 erf x/2VDt
Des systèmes contenant de 5 à 20 % d'eau (par rapport au poids sec) ont été étudiés dans un domaine de températures allant de + 20° C à -14° C.
Les valeurs des coefficients trouvés varient de 10"7 à 10"10 cm2 sec-i. Les énergies d'activation du phénomène dépendent de la teneur en eau et varient de 4 à 8 Kcal. mole-1.
Théorie élémentaire des modes normaux de vibration dans les solides
Authors: Fripiat José Jean 
Published: January 2018

L'auteur commence par exposer la théorie élémentaire des modes normaux de vibration. Il applique ensuite cette théorie aux vibrations de la boehmite et démontre les modes normaux attribuables aux vibrations hydroxyles dans ce solide. Il calcule les fréquences et les constantes de force, ce qui constitue un exemple de calcul complet d'une fonction potentielle faisant intervenir non seulement les forces de valence mais aussi de torsion et de couplage.
Il termine en démontrant brièvement quel est le lien qui existe entre les fréquences des modes normaux et les fréquences d'absorption dans l'infrarouge.
Influence apparente des hydroxydes de fer sur le comportement aux rayons X de phyllites gonflantes
Authors: Steinberg Michel 
Published: January 2018

L'étude de la fraction argileuse de profils d'altération établis sur des roches métamorphiques du Limousin permet de mettre en évidence la dégradation progressive de la montmorillonite depuis la base des paléosols jusqu'à leur sommet.
A la suite de diverses observations, nous avons été conduits à supposer que la présence d'hydroxydes de fer mal cristallisés ou amorphes, dans ces roches, pouvait influer sur l'aspect des diffractogrammes. De fait, l'élimination des hydroxydes libres (Fe et Al) par la méthode de MEHRA-JACKSON, aboutit très souvent à un affinement des réflexions et à "l'apparition" de pics correspondant à des minéraux qui n'étaient pas visibles sur les spectres des échantillons non traités.
L'interprétation de ces phénomènes est mal aisée car l'action des hydroxydes peut être seulement due à un effet d'enrobement des particules argileuses, toutefois la présence d'îlots d'hydroxydes dans les espaces interfolliaires est également possible. Ce dernier point est plus particulièrement discuté.
Glauconie, glauconite et phyllosilicates verts
Authors: Odin Gilles Serge 
Published: January 2018

G, S, ODIN propose une nomenclature normalisée des différents matériaux désignés sous le nom de "glaucome",
La glauconie est un pigment granulaire bien constitué, composé de glauconite,
La glauconite est un minéral, homéotype ferrique de l'illite.
Les phyllosilicates verts sont des pigments dont la structure et la composition sont variées, Les roches, ou sédiments contenant ces composés, sont dites : à glauconie ou à phyllosilicates verts, de préférence à toute autre nomenclature.
Observations relatives au comportement des micas fluorés
Authors: Besson Huguette , Caillère Simonne , Hénin Stéphane 
Published: January 2018

Le fluor occupe dans la structure des micas la position des ions OH,
Après avoir contrôlé la précision d'une méthode de dosage du fluor dans diverses phlogopites, on a étudié la variation de la teneur en fluor de ces micas :
1° au cours de la vermiculitisation,
2° pendant la calcination.
Les résultats obtenus confirment que la teneur en fluor varie peu au cours de l'altération, celle-ci laisse intact le feuillet du minéral,
Par contre, au cours de la calcination dans l'air, il y a perte de fluor qui s'accompagne d'une fixation d'oxygène.
Allophanes et minéraux argileux des altérations des basaltes du Mont Cameroun
Authors: Sieffermann Gaston , Jehl Guy , Millot Georges 
Published: January 2018

Deux séries de sols jeunes sur basaltes sont étudiées. La première évolue sous très fortes précipitations (10m) sans saison sèche, la seconde sous des précipitations moindres avec une courte période sèche.
Après une brève présentation des sols et des indications analytiques, l'étude de la fraction argileuse est abordée par voie chimique, thermique, par les rayons X et la microscopie électronique.
Dans la première série, les allophanes évoluent vers la gibbsite et de petites quantités de kaolinite bien cristallisée ; les profils contiennent dans leur partie supérieure de nombreuses diatomées, la silice de ces dernières joue un rôle dans la formation des minéraux argileux.
Dans la seconde série, les allophanes, souvent d'aspect fibrillaire, évoluent vers l'halloysite et la métahalloysite.
La répartition de la pluviosité et la composition cationique de la réserve minérale du sol semblent être les facteurs qui orientent les néoformations.
Composés interfoliaires d'une silice hydratée cristallisée
Authors: Kalt André , Wey Raymond 
Published: January 2018

Interlayer components of a hydrated crystallised silica.
Potassium hydrogenodisilicate, KHSi2O5, transforms in the presence of HCl 2N into H2Si2O5 a crystallized silicic acid. The silica is built up by layers and is giving salts in basic media. In general cases, salts are non stoechiom etric, but exhibit the same X-ray pattern for a large variation of composition. K, NH4 and Li salts are anhydrous. Na-salts are hydrated ; H2O is fixed between the layers and spread them out. All these salts form again crystallized H2Si2O5 by an acid treatment.