bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DISCERNING THE GAMMA-RAY-EMITTING REGION IN THE FLAT SPECTRUM RADIO QUASARS
Authors: Zheng Y. G. , Yang C. Y. , Zhang L. , Wang J. C. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
A model-dependent method is proposed to determine the location of the γ-ray-emitting region for a given flat spectrum radio quasar (FSRQ). In the model, the extra-relativistic electrons are injected at the base of the jet and non-thermal photons are produced by both synchrotron radiation and inverse-Compton (IC) scattering in the energy dissipation region. The target photons dominating IC scattering originate from both synchrotron photons and external ambient photon fields, and the energy density of external radiation field is a function of the distance between the position of the dissipation region and a central supermassive black hole, and their spectra are seen in the comoving frame. Moreover, the energy dissipation region could be determined by the model parameter through reproducing the γ-ray spectra. Such a model is applied to reproduce the quasi-simultaneous multi-wavelength observed data for 36 FSRQs. In order to define the width of the broad-line region (BLR) shell and dusty molecular torus (MT) shell, a simple numerical constraint is used to determine the outer boundary of the BLR and dusty MT. Our results show that (1) the γ-ray-emitting regions are located at the range from 0.1 to 10 pc; (2) the γ-ray-emitting regions are located outside the BLRs and within the dusty molecular tori; and (3) the γ-ray-emitting regions are located closer to the dusty MT ranges than the BLRs. Therefore, it may be concluded that direct evidence for the far site scenario could be obtained on the basis of the model results.
THE CHANDRA DEEP FIELD-SOUTH SURVEY: 7 MS SOURCE CATALOGS
Authors: Luo B. , Brandt W. N. , Xue Y. Q. , Lehmer B. , Alexander D. M. , Bauer F. E. , Vito F. , Yang G. , Basu-Zych A. R. , Comastri A. , Gilli R. , Gu Q.-S. , Hornschemeier A. E. , Koekemoer A. , Liu T. , Mainieri V. , Paolillo M. , Ranalli P. , Rosati P. , Schneider D. P. , Shemmer O. , Smail I. , Sun M. , Tozzi P. , Vignali C. , Wang J.-X. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
We present X-ray source catalogs for the ≈7 Ms exposure of the Chandra Deep Field-South (CDF-S), which covers a total area of 484.2 arcmin2. Utilizing wavdetect for initial source detection and ACIS Extract for photometric extraction and significance assessment, we create a main source catalog containing 1008 sources that are detected in up to three X-ray bands: 0.5–7.0 keV, 0.5–2.0 keV, and 2–7 keV. A supplementary source catalog is also provided, including 47 lower-significance sources that have bright (

) near-infrared counterparts. We identify multiwavelength counterparts for 992 (98.4%) of the main-catalog sources, and we collect redshifts for 986 of these sources, including 653 spectroscopic redshifts and 333 photometric redshifts. Based on the X-ray and multiwavelength properties, we identify 711 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) from the main-catalog sources. Compared to the previous ≈4 Ms CDF-S catalogs, 291 of the main-catalog sources are new detections. We have achieved unprecedented X-ray sensitivity with average flux limits over the central ≈1 arcmin2 region of ≈1.9 × 10−17, 6.4 × 10−18, and 2.7 × 10−17 erg cm−2 s−1 in the three X-ray bands, respectively. We provide cumulative number-count measurements observing, for the first time, that normal galaxies start to dominate the X-ray source population at the faintest 0.5–2.0 keV flux levels. The highest X-ray source density reaches ≈50,500 deg−2, and 47% ± 4% of these sources are AGNs (≈23,900 deg−2).
ANGULAR MOMENTUM OF DWARF GALAXIES
Authors: Butler Kirsty M. , Obreschkow Danail , Oh Se-Heon 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
We present measurements of baryonic mass

and specific angular momentum (sAM)

in 14 rotating dwarf Irregular (dIrr) galaxies from the LITTLE THINGS sample. These measurements, based on 21 cm kinematic data from the Very Large Array and stellar mass maps from the Spitzer Space Telescope, extend previous AM measurements by more than two orders of magnitude in

. The dwarf galaxies show systematically higher

values than expected from the

scaling of spiral galaxies, representative of a scale-free galaxy formation scenario. This offset can be explained by decreasing baryon mass fractions

(where

is the dynamical mass) with decreasing

(for

). We find that the sAM of neutral atomic hydrogen (H i) alone is about 2.5 times higher than that of the stars. The M–j relation of H i is significantly steeper than that of the stars, as a direct consequence of the systematic variation of the H i fraction with

.
Balkans, du corridor au cul-de-sac
Authors: Dujmovic Morgane 
Published: December 2016

No man’s land frontaliers où sont piégés les exilés, multiplication et militarisation des espaces de confinement, subventions pour les contrôles aux frontières, expulsions du système « Dublin-Eurodac », désinformation étatique, pénalisation des défenseurs et défenseures des droits de l’Homme, « chasse aux migrants » tolérée ou soutenue par les autorités et les médias dominants… Un an après la mal-nommée « crise des réfugiés », la criminalisation des populations en migration et de leurs soutiens dans les Balkans a de quoi inquiéter.
Digestion, growth performance and caecal fermentation in growing rabbits fed diets containing foliage of browse trees
Authors: Abu Hafsa S.H. , Salem A.Z.M. , Hassan A.A. , Kholif A.E. , Elghandour M.M.Y. , Barbabosa A. , Lopez S. 
Published: December 2016

<p>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding dried foliage (leaves and petioles) of <em>Acacia saligna</em>, <em>Leucaena leucocephala</em> or <em>Moringa oleifera</em> on the performance, digestibility, N utilisation, caecal fermentation and microbial profiles in New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits. One hundred weaned male NZW rabbits weighing 819.2±16.6 g and aged 35±1 d were randomly allocated into 4 groups of 25 rabbits each. Rabbits were fed on pelleted diets containing 70% concentrate mixture and 30% Egyptian berseem (<em>Trifolium alexandrinum</em>) hay (Control diet) or one of the other 3 experimental diets, where 50% of berseem hay was replaced with <em>A. saligna</em> (AS), <em>L. leucocephala</em> (LL) or <em>M. oleifera</em> (MO). Compared to Control diet, decreases in dry matter (DM; <em>P</em>=0.004), organic matter (<em>P</em>=0.028), crude protein (CP; <em>P</em>=0.001), neutral detergent fibre (<em>P</em>=0.033) and acid detergent fibre (<em>P</em>=0.011) digestibility were observed with the AS diet. However, DM and CP digestibility were increased by 3% with the MO diet, and N utilisation was decreased (<em>P</em>&lt;0.05) with AS. Rabbits fed AS and LL diets showed decreased (<em>P</em>=0.001) average daily gain by 39 and 7%, respectively vs. Control. Feed conversion was similar in Control and MO rabbits, whereas rabbits fed AS diet ate up to 45% more feed (<em>P</em>=0.002) than Control rabbits to gain one kg of body weight. Caecal ammonia-N was increased (<em>P</em>=0.002) with LL, while acetic acid was decreased (<em>P</em>=0.001) with AS diet vs. other treatments. Caecal <em>E. coli</em> and <em>Lactobacillus</em> spp. bacteria counts were decreased with MO by about 44 and 51%, respectively, vs. Control. In conclusion, under the study conditions, tree foliage from <em>M. oleifera</em> and <em>L. leucocephala</em> are suitable fibrous ingredients to be included up to 150 g/kg in the diets of growing rabbits, and can safely replace 50% of berseem hay in diets of NZW rabbits without any adverse effect on their growth performance. Foliage from <em>M. oleifera </em>had a better potential as a feed for rabbits than that from <em>L. leucocephala</em>. Although foliage from <em>A. saliga </em>may be also used at 150 g/kg in the diets of growing rabbits, this level of inclusion may result in reduced feed digestibility and growth performance.</p>
Current and Future Medical Treatment of Adenomyosis
Authors: Tosti Claudia , Troìa Libera , Vannuccini Silvia , Lazzeri Lucia , Luisi Stefano , Petraglia Felice 
Published: December 2016

Adenomyosis is a benign gynecological disorder associated with abnormal uterine bleeding, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia and infertility, requiring a life-long management plan through medical or surgical treatment. The choice depends on woman's age, reproductive status and clinical symptoms. However, until now no drug labelled for adenomyosis is available; thus, the present review will focus on medical treatments currently used for adenomyosis and those in development. Adenomyosis may be considered a sex steroid hormone-related disorder associated with an intense inflammatory process. The use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRH-a) for treating adenomyosis is described blocking the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis; however, it has long been associated with frequent and intolerable hypoestrogenic side effects. An antiproliferative effect of progestins suggests their use for treating adenomyosis, reducing bleeding and pain. Continuous oral norethisterone acetate or medroxyprogesterone acetate may help to inducing regression of adenomyosis, relief pain and reduce bleeding. The use of vaginal danazol has therapeutic effect on adenomyosis combining progestogenic and anti-inflammatory activity. The intrauterine device releasing levonorgestrel (Lng-IUD) is widely assessed in menorrhagia, and has been shown to be extremely effective in resolving pain and bleeding symptoms associated with adenomyosis. Recent data show a therapeutic effect of dienogest on adenomyosis symptoms. New drugs are under development for the treatment of adenomyosis, such as aromatase inhibitors (AIs) and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), that produce a hypoestrogenic environment reducing pain, but are correlated with some adverse effects and a recurrence of symptoms after discontinuation of treatment. Selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs) may reduce adenomyosis-associated pelvic pain, by inhibiting endometrial proliferation and suppressing adenomyotic lesion growth, as shown in animal models; however, the long-term effect with SPRMs needs further determination.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Statistics and Probability, Vol. 6, No. 1
Authors: Smith Wendy 
Published: December 2016

International Journal of Statistics and Probability wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal is greatly appreciated.Many authors, regardless of whether International Journal of Statistics and Probability publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers.Reviewers for Volume 6, Number 1Afsin SahinBibi AbdelouahabEmmanuel John EkpenyongErsoy OzFarida KachapovaGabriel A. OkyereGane Samb LoHui ZhangJacek BiałekJiannan LuKassim S. MwitondiKrishna K. SahaMan Fung LOMarcelo BourguignonNahid Sanjari FarsipourNicolas MARIEPhilip WestgatePriyantha WijayatungaSerpil Kılıc DeprenSubhradev SenWei ZhangZaixing Li Wendy SmithOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of International Journal of Statistics and ProbabilityCanadian Center of Science and Education
Una cartografía de la narco-narrativa en Colombia y México (1990-2010)
Authors: Fonseca Alberto 
Published: December 2016

Desde los años noventa en adelante México y Colombia han presenciado el boom de las producciones culturales del narcotráfico. Este artículo hace una cartografía de la narco-narrativa producida tanto en Colombia como en México y los puntos de unión entre ambas. Productos de un fenómeno global como es el tráfico de drogas, las narco-narrativas hacen manifiestas las divergencias y fracturas del neo-liberalismo, la globalización y las políticas de represión en la lucha contra las drogas. Con el estudio de escritores como Gerardo Cornejo, Elmer Mendoza, Darío Jaramillo Agudelo y Jorge Franco este artículo señala la importancia de este conjunto de textos en el contexto de la lucha contra las drogas impulsada desde los Estados Unidos.
Overview of the Anyphaenids (Araneae, Anyphaeninae, Anyphaenidae) spider fauna from the Chocó forest of Ecuador, with the description of thirteen new species
Authors: Dupérré Nadine , Tapia Elicio 
Published: December 2016

The spider diversity of the family Anyphaenidae in premontane, low evergreen montane and cloud forest from the Chocó region of Ecuador is examined. A total of 287 adult specimens were collected and 19 morphospecies were identified based on male specimens. Thirteen new species are described and one new genus is proposed. Five new species are described in the genus Katissa Brescovit, 1997: Katissa kurusiki sp. nov., K. puyu sp. nov., K. tamya sp. nov., K. yaya sp. nov. and K. guyasamini sp. nov. The new genus Shuyushka gen. nov. is proposed and includes three species: Shuyushka achachay gen. et sp. nov., S. moscai gen. et sp. nov. and S. wachi gen. et sp. nov. Finally, five species are described in the genus Patrera Simon, 1903: P. hatunkiru sp. nov., P. philipi sp. nov., P. suni sp. nov., P. shida sp. nov. and P. witsu sp. nov. New records are provided for Patrera fulvastra Simon, 1903 and Josa nigrifrons Simon, 1897.
CDH17 Is a More Sensitive Marker for Gastric Adenocarcinoma Than CK20 and CDX2
Authors: Altree-Tacha David , Tyrrell Jillian , Haas Thomas 
Published: December 2016

Context.— CDH17, which is expressed in the intestinal epithelium, is a novel oncogene involved in tumor invasion and metastasis. A panel consisting of cytokeratin (CK) 7, CD20, and CDX2 antibodies is typically used to diagnose gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas. However, studies have shown that CDH17 is a highly specific marker for gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma and may be important in clinical diagnosis.
Objective.—To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of CDH17, CK20, and CDX2 antibodies in neoplastic tissues, with emphasis on colon, stomach, and esophageal gastrointestinal lineage.
Design.—Immunohistochemistry was performed with CDH17, CK20, and CDX2 antibodies on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue microarrays from normal (n = 26) and neoplastic (n = 884) tissues.
Results.—CDH17 immunostaining was positive in 97.3% (145 of 149) of colon adenocarcinomas, whereas CK20 and CDX2 stained positively in 88.6% (132 of 149) and 93.3% (139 of 149), respectively. In metastatic colon cancers, CDH17, CK20, and CDX2 positive staining was observed in 90.6% (29 of 32), 59.4% (19 of 32), and 81.3% (26 of 32) of cases, respectively. In stomach adenocarcinomas, CDH17 positively stained 64.0% (112 of 175) of tissues, compared to CK20 and CDX2, where staining was observed in only 24.6% (43 of 175) and 46.9% (82 of 175), respectively. In esophageal adenocarcinomas, CDH17, CK20, and CDX2 stained 38.7% (12 of 31), 25.8% (8 of 31), and 29% (9 of 31) of specimens, respectively. Low or no expression was observed in other neoplastic tissues, except pancreatic cancers, where CDH17 displayed higher expression than CK20 and CDX2.
Conclusions.—CDH17 is a specific and more sensitive marker in the gastrointestinal tract than CK20 and CDX2. CDH17 may be especially valuable when gastrointestinal tumors are suspected in cancers of unknown primary.
High output voltage of magnetic tunnel junctions with a Cu(In0.8Ga0.2)Se2 semiconducting barrier with a low resistance–area product
Authors: Mukaiyama Koki , Kasai Shinya , Takahashi Yukiko K. , Kondou Kouta , Otani Yoshichika , Mitani Seiji , Hono Kazuhiro 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Magnetoresistance (MR) and its bias-voltage dependence were investigated in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with a 2-nm-thick Cu(In0.8Ga0.2)Se2 semiconducting barrier. A relatively high MR ratio of 47% was observed with a low resistance–area product RA of 0.14 Ω·µm2 at 300 K. By increasing the bias voltage, a high output voltage (as high as 24 mV) was achieved; this value is significantly higher than those ever reported for MR devices with RA values less than 0.5 Ω·µm2. These MR performance characteristics of the MTJs with Cu(In0.8Ga0.2)Se2 are suitable for high-sensitivity read head sensors for hard disk drives with a recording density higher than 2 Tbit/in.2.
Diamond field-effect transistors for RF power electronics: Novel NO2 hole doping and low-temperature deposited Al2O3 passivation
Authors: Kasu Makoto 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Diamond possesses a combination of exceptional physical properties and is expected to be used as a semiconductor material in high-efficiency and high-power electronic devices. In this study, hole doping was observed when using NO2 molecules on a H-diamond surface. The activation energy of hole concentration in NO2/H-diamond was measured as 0.006 eV, and holes were fully activated at room temperature. A thermal stabilization of the hole channel was realized by passivation with an atomic-layer-deposited Al2O3 layer. The passivation method enabled the realization of a thermally stable high-performance diamond field-effect transistor (FET), which exhibited high-performance DC and RF characteristics. NO2 hole-doping and Al2O3-passivation technologies enabled reproducible measurements of MOS structure electric properties. Such technologies also facilitated observations of two-dimensional holes at the MOS interface and type-II band alignment of Al2O3/NO2/H-diamond. Additionally, the band diagram under various gate bias conditions was proposed on the basis of capacitance–voltage measurements and analysis using Poisson’s equations.
Bioavailable dissolved organic matter and biological hot spots during austral winter in Antarctic waters
Authors: Shen Yuan , Benner Ronald , Murray Alison E. , Gimpel Carla , Greg Mitchell B. , Weiss Elliot L. , Reiss Christian 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPrimary production and heterotrophic bacterial activity in the Antarctic Ocean are generally low during the austral winter. Organic carbon is considered to be a major factor limiting bacterial metabolism, but few studies have investigated the bioavailability of organic matter during winter. Herein, the chemical composition and bioavailability of dissolved organic matter (DOM) were investigated in surface (5–100 m) and mesopelagic (200–750 m) waters off the northwestern Antarctic Peninsula during August 2012. Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were low (42 ± 4 µmol L−1) and showed no apparent spatial patterns. By contrast, the composition of DOM exhibited significant spatial trends that reflected varying ecosystem productivity and water masses. Surface distributions of chlorophyll‐a and particulate organic carbon depicted a southward decline in primary productivity from open waters (60.0°S–61.5°S) to ice‐covered regions (61.5°S–62.5°S). This trend was evident from concentrations and DOC‐normalized yields of dissolved amino acids in the surface waters, indicating decreasing DOM bioavailability with increasing latitude. A different pattern of DOM bioavailability was observed in the mesopelagic water masses, where amino acids indicated highly altered DOM in the Circumpolar Deep Water and bioavailable DOM in the Transitional Weddell Water. Depth distributions of amino acid yields and compositions revealed hot spots of elevated bioavailable DOM at ∼75 m relative to surrounding waters at most ice‐free stations. Relatively low mole percentages of bacterially derived d‐amino acids in hot spots were consistent with an algal source of bioavailable DOM. Overall, these results reveal the occurrence and spatial heterogeneity of bioavailable substrates in Antarctic waters during winter.
Reexamination and further development of two‐stream canopy radiative transfer models for global land modeling
Authors: Yuan Hua , Dai Yongjiu , Dickinson Robert E. , Pinty Bernard , Shangguan Wei , Zhang Shupeng , Wang Lili , Zhu Siguang 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFour representative two‐stream canopy radiative transfer models were examined and intercompared using the same configuration. Based on the comparison results, two modifications were introduced to the widely used Dickinson‐Sellers model and then incorporated into the Community Land Model (CLM4.5). The modified model was tested against Monte‐Carlo simulations and produced significant improvements in the simulated canopy transmittance and albedo values. In direct comparison with MODIS albedo data, the modified model shows good performance over most snow/ice‐free vegetated areas, especially for regions that are covered by dense canopy. The modified model shows seasonally dependent behavior mainly in the near‐infrared band. Thus, the improvements are not present in all seasons. Large biases are still noticeable in sparsely vegetated areas, in particular for the snow/ice covered regions, that is possibly related to the model, the land surface input data, or even the observations themselves. Further studies focusing on the impact of the seasonal changes in leaf optical properties, the parameterizations for snow/ice covered regions and the case of sparsely vegetated areas, are recommended.
Quantifying nitrate and oxygen reduction rates in the hyporheic zone using 222Rn to upscale biogeochemical turnover in rivers
Authors: Pittroff M. , Frei S. , Gilfedder B. S. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractQuantifying and upscaling chemical turnover in the hyporheic zone (HZ) is difficult due to limited reaction rate data, unknown carbon quality, and few methods for upscaling local measurements to river networks. Here we develop a method for quantifying reaction kinetics in situ in the HZ and upscaling biogeochemical turnover to catchment scales. Radon‐222 was used to quantify water residence times in the HZ of the Roter Main River (RM), Germany. Residence times were then combined with O2,
, CO2, DOC, and carbon quality (EEMs, SUVA) data to estimate Monod and first‐order reaction rates. Monod parameters µmax and ksat for
reduction were 11 µmol l−1 h−1 and 52 µmol l−1, respectively, while the first‐order rate was 0.04 h−1. Carbon quality was highly bioavailable in the HZ and is unlikely to be limiting. Reaction kinetics was incorporated into the FINIFLUX model to upscale
mass loss over a 32 km reach of the RM. The aims were to (1) to estimate hyporheic efficiency using Damköhler numbers (Da), and (2) calculate
mass loss in the HZ over the reach. The Da analysis suggests that the hyporheic zone is inefficient for
processing, however, this is somewhat misleading as the largest
mass loss occurs at the shortest residence times where Da ≪ 1. This is due to the largest water flux occurring in the uppermost part of the sediment profile. Nitrate processing in the HZ accounted for 24 kg
h−1 over the reach, which was 20% of the
flux from the catchment.