bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying a School-Based Mindfulness and Compassion Program (“Escuelas Despiertas”) in Spanish Secondary Schools to Reduce Psychological Distress in Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Aguilera Pilar , Navarro-Gil Mayte , Pérez-Aranda Adrián , Armas-Landaeta Carilene , Beltrán-Ruiz María , Rodríguez-Freire Carla , Camarero-Grados Loreto , García-Campayo Javier , Montero-Marín Jesús 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAdolescents present high risk of developing mental health problems. Different school-based programs have been designed to prevent and treat the psychological distress that they often experience with disparate results. In this study, we tested the efficacy of a school-based program framed into the “Escuelas Despiertas” initiative that teaches adolescents mindfulness and compassion to improve their mental health. In this randomized controlled trial, high school students from four Spanish secondary education centers (N = 277) were randomly assigned to a school-based 10-session mindfulness and compassion program (“Escuelas Despiertas”) or a relaxation program. Participants were assessed at baseline, posttreatment, and at 6-month follow-up. The main outcome was psychological distress (General Health Questionnaire, GHQ-12). Classroom climate and relaxation habits, among others, were assessed as secondary outcomes. Students who underwent the “Escuelas Despiertas” program experienced small within group improvements posttreatment in GHQ-12 scores (p = 0.001, d = 0.31) and in relaxation habits (p = 0.001, d = 0.35), although these were not significant compared to the control group. Classroom climate presented a small deterioration in the “Escuelas Despiertas” group compared to the relaxation group in the follow-up assessment, but this effect was not statistically significant after correcting for multiple comparisons. In conclusion, the “Escuelas Despiertas” program produced small short-term improvements in psychological distress and relaxation habits in adolescents which were not significant compared to a relaxation intervention. In line with previous studies, it seems that punctual interventions delivered during some weeks might not be the best approach for adolescents, for whom mindfulness- and-compassion-based programs may not be engaging enough for different reasons.
Comparative analyses of European horizontal-landing reusable first stage concepts
Authors: Bussler L. , Dietlein I. , Sippel M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Partially reusable two-stage-to-orbit (TSTO) launch configurations have been investigated on system level by DLR in the ENTRAIN study which encompasses an examination of both vertical takeoff horizontal landing (VTHL) and vertical takeoff vertical landing (VTVL) reusable first stages. A target payload performance of 7.5 Mg into GTO is selected as the common mission requirement of all concepts. In this paper, the preliminary designs of TSTO configurations consisting of a winged reusable first stage and an expendable upper stage are presented and discussed. The considered propellant combinations include LOX/LH2, LOX/LCH4 and LOX/RP-1. Configurations based on staged combustion and gas generator cycle engines are analyzed. The focus of the presented preliminary analyses is on the overall performance of the space transportation system, the design and architecture of the winged reusable first stage and the comparison and evaluation of different VTHL configurations.
Types of connected components of the singular locus of the moduli space of compact Riemann surfaces
Authors: Szmelter Jakub 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn 2012 G. Bartolini and M. Izquierdo showed that all equisymmetric strata of Broughton’s stratification, corresponding to the actions of groups of order 2 and 3 on Riemann surfaces of genus g are contained in the same connected component $$\mathcal {C}_g^{2,3}$$

C
g

2
,
3

of the singular locus $$\mathcal {S}_g$$

S
g

. The other components that were known to the literature were those composed of points of certain single strata. This motivated the question of whether the singular locus can contain connected components different from $$\mathcal {C}_g^{2,3}$$

C
g

2
,
3

and being the union of at least two strata. The existence of such components was proved for infinitely many genera by G. Gromadzki and the author. In this paper, we will describe and classify all types of connected components of the singular locus. In particular, we prove that every connected component different than $$\mathcal {C}_g^{2,3}$$

C
g

2
,
3

coincides with some Cornalba component, and we give necessary and sufficient conditions for a cyclic action to define such a component.
Investigating 4D respiratory cone-beam CT imaging for thoracic interventions on robotic C-arm systems: a deformable phantom study
Authors: Reynolds Tess , Dillon Owen , Ma Yiqun , Hindley Nicholas , Stayman J. Webster , Bazalova-Carter Magdalena 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIncreasingly, interventional thoracic workflows utilize cone-beam CT (CBCT) to improve navigational and diagnostic yield. Here, we investigate the feasibility of implementing free-breathing 4D respiratory CBCT for motion mitigated imaging in patients unable to perform a breath-hold or without suspending mechanical ventilation during thoracic interventions. Circular 4D respiratory CBCT imaging trajectories were implemented on a clinical robotic CBCT system using additional real-time control hardware. The circular trajectories consisted of 1 × 360° circle at 0° tilt with fixed gantry velocities of 2°/s, 10°/s, and 20°/s. The imaging target was an in-house developed anthropomorphic breathing thorax phantom with deformable lungs and 3D-printed imaging targets. The phantom was programmed to reproduce 3 patient-measured breathing traces. Following image acquisition, projections were retrospectively binned into ten respiratory phases and reconstructed using filtered back projection, model-based, and iterative motion compensated algorithms. A conventional circular acquisition on the system of the free-breathing phantom was used as comparator. Edge Response Width (ERW) of the imaging target boundaries and Contrast-to-Noise Ratio (CNR) were used for image quality quantification. All acquisitions across all traces considered displayed visual evidence of motion blurring, and this was reflected in the quantitative measurements. Additionally, all the 4D respiratory acquisitions displayed a lower contrast compared to the conventional acquisitions for all three traces considered. Overall, the current implementation of 4D respiratory CBCT explored in this study with various gantry velocities combined with motion compensated algorithms improved image sharpness for the slower gantry rotations considered (2°/s and 10°/s) compared to conventional acquisitions over a variety of patient traces.
Potentials of pretreatment [18F]FDG PET/CT for non-invasive prediction of the tumor unfavorable pathological indices and microenvironment in NSCLC
Authors: Fadl Nada Mohamed , Moustafa Hosna , Elantably Ismail , Abdelazim Hazem , Sobeih Mohamed Emam , Allam Rasha Mahmoud , Elahmadawy Mai Amr 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate pretreatment [18F]FDG PET/CT in predicting tumor pathological features and microenvironment.

Methodology
Fifty-one patients with histo-pathologically proven non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) underwent pretreatment [18F]FDG PET/CT, and their clinicopathological data were collected. PET-derived biomarkers (SUVmax, mean, MTV, and TLG), consolidation-to-tumor ratio (CTR), and histopathological data (tumor grade, differentiation, tumor histological subtype, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), degree of desmoplasia, degree of necrosis, tumor budding, and nuclear grade), as well as a proposed risk stratification pathological scoring system, were all assessed.

Results
A CTR cut-off point of 0.34 was able to discriminate between low- and high-grade tumors with a sensitivity and specificity of 75.9% and 68.2%, respectively (p = 0.012). Low CTR was significantly associated with the tumor pathological subtype “adenocarcinoma,” low nuclear grade, negative tumor necrosis, and low pathological scores, respectively (p < 0.05). No significant associations were observed for CTR with tumor budding score, desmoplasia score, or TILs% (p-values > 0.05). High SUVmax (> 12.64) and high SUVmean (> 4.28) values were significantly associated with SCC tumors (p = 0.023 and 0.04, respectively). SUVmean was significantly associated with cytological differentiation (p = 0.023). A statistical trend was noted for SUVmax concerning nuclear grade and desmoplasia scores (p = 0.068 and 0.061, respectively). No statistically significant associations were revealed for MTV and TLG concerning different pathological features (p-values > 0.05). Primary lung tumors positive for desmoplasia revealed higher metabolic activity regarding SUVmax, with a statistical trend observed (p = 0.072). No statistically significant associations were observed concerning other metabolic parameters (p-values > 0.05).

Conclusion
PET/CT-derived biomarkers appear promising for predicting tumor unfavorable pathological features and microenvironment in NSCLC.
Experiences of Loneliness and Connection for Autistic Young People: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lisboa White Luciana , Tecwyn Emma C. , Petty Stephanie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEvidence suggest that autistic young people are vulnerable to feeling lonely, with detrimental consequences for their wellbeing. This systematic review sought descriptions of loneliness and connection by autistic young people. The findings summarise how loneliness has been conceptualised, measured and reported for autistic young people and offer a list of strategies that are personally meaningful and promote connection and wellbeing. Three conclusions are reached: first, there is a paucity of research on how this group experience loneliness; second, descriptions of feeling connected are mostly limited to neuronormative descriptions of friendship, which can judge autistic behaviours as inadequate; third, loneliness must be reconceptualised, and appropriate assessment tools developed. These developments should be supported by research with participation of the autistic community.
Salinity modulates morpho-physiology, biochemical and antioxidant defence system in Tetragonia decumbens Mill.: a neglected wild leafy vegetable in South Africa
Authors: Sogoni Avela , Jimoh Muhali Olaide , Barker Adelé Mariska , Keyster Marshall , Kambizi Learnmore , Laubscher Charles Petrus 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Tetragonia decumbens is an edible halophyte that grows naturally in saline environment; however, its tolerance mechanisms are poorly understood for bio-saline agriculture. So, this research was designed to look into how salinity affects vegetative growth, leaf succulence, chlorophyll content, cation accumulation, oxidative stress indicators, and antioxidative defence mechanisms involved in the salt tolerance of T. decumbens. Saline conditions were prepared by dissolving sodium chlorine (NaCl) in the nutritive solution. The control was maintained and only watered with nutrient solution while the tested treatments contained graded NaCl doses (250, 200, 150, 100, and 50 mM). Results revealed a substantial enhancement in shoot length, number of branches, relative water content, as well as total fresh weight in plants irrigated with 50 and 100 mM NaCl in comparison to the control, while higher saline concentrations (150–250 mM NaCl) reduced plant growth and chlorophyll content. Similarly, these high salt concentrations induced more severe oxidative stress indicated by high amounts of superoxide, cell death viability and malondialdehyde, with the most pronounced effect at the highest NaCl concentration (250 mM). Nevertheless, T. decumbens modulated various defence mechanisms with increasing salinity stress, these include the upregulation of superoxide dismutase, catalase, polyphenols, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins and the build-up of sodium ions in the leaves. These results show that T. decumbens can withstand salinity by modifying its morpho-physiological traits, antioxidant defence systems, and managing ion toxicity and oxidative stress efficiently, since all plants withstand salinity without showing signs of toxicity.
A Retrospective Consecutive Controlled Case Series Analysis of the Assessment and Treatment of Elopement in Children with Autism in an Inpatient Setting
Authors: Nevill Rose E. , Crawford Michelle F. , Zarcone Jennifer R. , Maquera Elizabeth , Rooker Griffin W. , Schmidt Jonathan D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study included a retrospective consecutive controlled case series analysis of 17 function-based elopement treatments developed for 14 children with autism in an inpatient setting. Results from functional analyses indicated elopement was most frequently maintained by access to tangible items, followed by automatic reinforcement. All treatments used a combination of multiple consequence-based or antecedent- and consequence-based strategies. Individual treatment components and strategies for testing treatment generality are reviewed to provide examples of how such treatments may be implemented to reduce elopement attempts. Effective treatments, defined as reducing elopement by at least 80%, were developed for 13 children. These findings may help guide clinicians as they plan for the safe assessment and treatment of this difficult and dangerous behavior.
Water Demand Elasticity in Agriculture: The Case of the Central Emilia Irrigation Water District
Authors: Pronti A. , Berbel J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe estimated the water demand elasticity through an econometric approach applied to a large dataset of water demand observations for an irrigation water district in the Emilia-Romagna region (Italy). Elasticity has been estimated also by considering subsamples of crops and irrigation technologies. The results show water demand inelastic to price, with heterogeneity among crops and irrigation systems. More precisely, we find higher levels of water demand responsiveness for efficient irrigation systems (drip and sprinkler) than for traditional irrigation technologies such as furrow systems. In the paper we provide various potential interpretations to this heterogeneity among crops and irrigation systems.
A Standardized Single Dose of the Nootropic CILTEP® Has No Effect on Cognitive Performance in Healthy Elderly Participants
Authors: Possemis Nina , Caldenhove Stéphanie , Prickaerts Jos , Blokland Arjan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNootropics, often referred to as “smart drugs,” are substances purported to enhance cognitive functions, particularly executive functions and memory, in healthy individuals. While primarily used by younger adults, there is growing interest in the potential of nootropics to benefit elderly, particularly in the prevention and management of cognitive decline associated with aging. This study aimed to investigate the acute cognitive enhancing effects of a single standardized dose of the dietary nootropic stack CILTEP® (Neurofuel™) in healthy elderly participants. We evaluated the cognitive benefits of a single dose of CILTEP® in 33 healthy elderly participants using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-way cross-over design. To assess various cognitive domains, a comprehensive test battery was employed which included tasks measuring memory performance, attention, and sensorimotor speed. The tests administered were the Verbal Learning Test, the Spatial Pattern Separation Task, the Digit Symbol Substitution Task, the Trail Making Test, the n-Back test, the Simple and Choice Reaction Time Task, and the Stroop Color-Word Task. No relevant effects attributable to acute CILTEP® treatment were observed on any cognitive measures, event-related-potentials (ERPs), or vital functions such as blood pressure and heart rate. The lack of significant cognitive enhancement in healthy elderly participants may suggest that a single acute dosing of CILTEP® is insufficient to exert measurable effects. Further studies are required to explore long-term effects, optimal dosing, and overall efficacy of the nootropic.
A systematic review of current AI techniques used in the context of the SDGs
Authors: Greif Lucas , Röckel Fabian , Kimmig Andreas , Ovtcharova Jivka 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study aims to explore the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the resolution of sustainability challenges, with a specific focus on environmental studies. Given the rapidly evolving nature of this field, there is an urgent need for more frequent and dynamic reviews to keep pace with the innovative applications of AI. Through a systematic analysis of 191 research articles, we classified AI techniques applied in the field of sustainability. Our review found that 65% of the studies applied supervised learning methods, 18% employed unsupervised learning, and 17% utilized reinforcement learning approaches. The review highlights that artificial neural networks (ANN), are the most commonly applied AI techniques in sustainability contexts, accounting for 23% of the reviewed methods. This comprehensive overview of AI techniques identifies key trends and proposes new research avenues to address the complex issue of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Graphic abstract
Nonlocal Nernst-Planck-Poisson System for Modeling Electrochemical Corrosion in Biodegradable Magnesium Implants
Authors: Hermann Alexander , Shojaei Arman , Höche Daniel , Jafarzadeh Siavash , Bobaru Florin , Cyron Christian J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper provides a comprehensive derivation and application of the nonlocal Nernst-Planck-Poisson (NNPP) system for accurate modeling of electrochemical corrosion with a focus on the biodegradation of magnesium-based implant materials under physiological conditions. The NNPP system extends and generalizes the peridynamic bi-material corrosion model by considering the transport of multiple ionic species due to electromigration. As in the peridynamic corrosion model, the NNPP system naturally accounts for moving boundaries due to the electrochemical dissolution of solid metallic materials in a liquid electrolyte as part of the dissolution process. In addition, we use the concept of a diffusive corrosion layer, which serves as an interface for constitutive corrosion modeling and provides an accurate representation of the kinetics with respect to the corrosion system under consideration. Through the NNPP model, we propose a corrosion modeling approach that incorporates diffusion, electromigration and reaction conditions in a single nonlocal framework. The validity of the NNPP-based corrosion model is illustrated by numerical simulations, including a one-dimensional example of pencil electrode corrosion and a three-dimensional simulation of a Mg-10Gd alloy bone implant screw decomposing in simulated body fluid. The numerical simulations correctly reproduce the corrosion patterns in agreement with macroscopic experimental corrosion data. Using numerical models of corrosion based on the NNPP system, a nonlocal approach to corrosion analysis is proposed, which reduces the gap between experimental observations and computational predictions, particularly in the development of biodegradable implant materials.
An Innovative Approach to Closing the Loop in a Circular Plastic Economy by Upcycling Single-Use Post-consumer Thin Film Plastic Packaging Waste into Durable Plastic Products
Authors: Kinn Moshe C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe waste system requires a circular economy business solution to upcycle millions of tonnes of contaminated post-consumer single-use multi-material, multilayer, plastic packaging films/foils. This waste is rarely collected for recycling, firstly because the market for such waste is new and very small, and secondly due to technical issues and cross-contamination at waste recycling facilities. Conventionally, two linear disposal routs exist, energy recovery through incineration or landfill, both having an economic cost. Being very lightweight, plastics are blown around and end up contaminating terrestrial and marine environments. This paper evaluates intrusion extrusion moulding technology with agglomeration to make products. With a 50-year first lifespan and nine more life cycles, they can be used multiple times as a substitute for wood and concrete. Public bodies can catalyse the intrusion extrusion moulding manufacturing industry by including such products during their procurement processes. The technology works and the business can be profitable.
Using drama to enrich a genre-based pedagogy for teaching academic writing across content areas
Authors: Cleeve Gerkens Rafaela 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDrama has the potential to enrich and enliven established approaches to literacy learning, engaging students and expanding their possibilities for meaning-making. Drama-rich pedagogy is well-established as an effective tool in supporting language and literacy development. However, research to date has not explored the possibilities of using drama to enrich established genre-based approaches to teaching writing. This article reports on findings from an interventionist case study in an Australian primary school examining how a Year Three/Four teacher used drama-rich pedagogy to support students’ academic writing of a scientific explanation text. The findings indicate three key pedagogical benefits of employing drama to build conceptual understandings of the field of study and relevant academic language as part of a genre-based pedagogy for teaching writing. Firstly, drama experiences can make visible students’ prior knowledge of a topic, allowing teachers to identify, interrogate and transform students’ misconceptions through reflective dialogue on embodied experience. These embodied and interactive experiences also support the development of shared understandings of key concepts and language. Finally, drama experiences provide embodied and interactive contexts in which students can move from common sense to more abstract/technical understandings of the topic of study which they can apply in writing their own texts. In sharing these findings, this article aims to illustrate how drama can be used to develop the conceptual and linguistic understandings required by genre pedagogy in engaging, embodied ways that draw productively on the diverse resources that students bring to their learning.