bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender Differences in Political Knowledge: Bringing Situation Back In
Authors: Ihme Toni Alexander , Tausendpfund Markus 
Published: November 2017

AbstractOne of the best-known empirical findings in the political sciences is the gender difference in political knowledge: women show less political knowledge than men. Conventional research argues that this difference is mainly a product of socialization, structural factors, and biology. Our paper brings a new perspective to the explanation of the gender gap in political knowledge. Based on an online survey and an experiment1, we emphasize the relevance of gender stereotypes as a situational pressure that reduces the performance of women in a political knowledge test. Two conclusions emerge from the analysis: First, our results indicate the existence of a negative stereotype related to the political knowledge of women. Second, the activation of gender stereotypes affects performance on a political knowledge test. Consistent with previous research on stereotype threat, our results indicate that the performance of men on a political knowledge test is affected by gender stereotypes.
Initiation of HIV neutralizing B cell lineages with sequential envelope immunizations
Authors: Williams Wilton B. , Zhang Jinsong , Jiang Chuancang , Nicely Nathan I. , Fera Daniela , Luo Kan , Moody M. Anthony , Liao Hua-Xin , Alam S. Munir , Kepler Thomas B. , Ramesh Akshaya , Wiehe Kevin , Holland James A. , Bradley Todd , Vandergrift Nathan , Saunders Kevin O. , Parks Robert , Foulger Andrew , Xia Shi-Mao , Bonsignori Mattia , Montefiori David C. , Louder Mark , Eaton Amanda , Santra Sampa , Scearce Richard , Sutherland Laura , Newman Amanda , Bouton-Verville Hilary , Bowman Cindy , Bomze Howard , Gao Feng , Marshall Dawn J. , Whitesides John F. , Nie Xiaoyan , Kelsoe Garnett , Reed Steven G. , Fox Christopher B. , Clary Kim , Koutsoukos Marguerite , Franco David , Mascola John R. , Harrison Stephen C. , Haynes Barton F. , Verkoczy Laurent 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA strategy for HIV-1 vaccine development is to define envelope (Env) evolution of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) in infection and to recreate those events by vaccination. Here, we report host tolerance mechanisms that limit the development of CD4-binding site (CD4bs), HCDR3-binder bnAbs via sequential HIV-1 Env vaccination. Vaccine-induced macaque CD4bs antibodies neutralize 7% of HIV-1 strains, recognize open Env trimers, and accumulate relatively modest somatic mutations. In naive CD4bs, unmutated common ancestor knock-in mice Env+B cell clones develop anergy and partial deletion at the transitional to mature B cell stage, but become Env−upon receptor editing. In comparison with repetitive Env immunizations, sequential Env administration rescue anergic Env+(non-edited) precursor B cells. Thus, stepwise immunization initiates CD4bs-bnAb responses, but immune tolerance mechanisms restrict their development, suggesting that sequential immunogen-based vaccine regimens will likely need to incorporate strategies to expand bnAb precursor pools.
Simulating quantum light propagation through atomic ensembles using matrix product states
Authors: Manzoni Marco T. , Chang Darrick E. , Douglas James S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA powerful method to interface quantum light with matter is to propagate the light through an ensemble of atoms. Recently, a number of such interfaces have emerged, most prominently Rydberg ensembles, that enable strong nonlinear interactions between propagating photons. A largely open problem is whether these systems produce exotic many-body states of light and developing new tools to study propagation in the large photon number limit is highly desirable. Here we provide a method based on a “spin model” that maps quasi one-dimensional (1D) light propagation to the dynamics of an open 1D interacting spin system, where all photon correlations are obtained from those of the spins. The spin dynamics in turn are numerically solved using the toolbox of matrix product states. We apply this formalism to investigate vacuum induced transparency, wherein the different photon number components of a pulse propagate with number-dependent group velocity and separate at output.
Visual analysis of mass cytometry data by hierarchical stochastic neighbour embedding reveals rare cell types
Authors: van Unen Vincent , Höllt Thomas , Pezzotti Nicola , Li Na , Reinders Marcel J. T. , Eisemann Elmar , Koning Frits , Vilanova Anna , Lelieveldt Boudewijn P. F. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMass cytometry allows high-resolution dissection of the cellular composition of the immune system. However, the high-dimensionality, large size, and non-linear structure of the data poses considerable challenges for the data analysis. In particular, dimensionality reduction-based techniques like t-SNE offer single-cell resolution but are limited in the number of cells that can be analyzed. Here we introduce Hierarchical Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (HSNE) for the analysis of mass cytometry data sets. HSNE constructs a hierarchy of non-linear similarities that can be interactively explored with a stepwise increase in detail up to the single-cell level. We apply HSNE to a study on gastrointestinal disorders and three other available mass cytometry data sets. We find that HSNE efficiently replicates previous observations and identifies rare cell populations that were previously missed due to downsampling. Thus, HSNE removes the scalability limit of conventional t-SNE analysis, a feature that makes it highly suitable for the analysis of massive high-dimensional data sets.
Whole blood stabilization for the microfluidic isolation and molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells
Authors: Wong Keith H. K. , Tessier Shannon N. , Miyamoto David T. , Miller Kathleen L. , Bookstaver Lauren D. , Carey Thomas R. , Stannard Cleo J. , Thapar Vishal , Tai Eric C. , Vo Kevin D. , Emmons Erin S. , Pleskow Haley M. , Sandlin Rebecca D. , Sequist Lecia V. , Ting David T. , Haber Daniel A. , Maheswaran Shyamala , Stott Shannon L. , Toner Mehmet 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPrecise rare-cell technologies require the blood to be processed immediately or be stabilized with fixatives. Such restrictions limit the translation of circulating tumor cell (CTC)-based liquid biopsy assays that provide accurate molecular data in guiding clinical decisions. Here we describe a method to preserve whole blood in its minimally altered state by combining hypothermic preservation with targeted strategies that counter cooling-induced platelet activation. Using this method, whole blood preserved for up to 72 h can be readily processed for microfluidic sorting without compromising CTC yield and viability. The tumor cells retain high-quality intact RNA suitable for single-cell RT-qPCR as well as RNA-Seq, enabling the reliable detection of cancer-specific transcripts including the androgen-receptor splice variant 7 in a cohort of prostate cancer patients with an overall concordance of 92% between fresh and preserved blood. This work will serve as a springboard for the dissemination of diverse blood-based diagnostics.
Stress-responsive FKBP51 regulates AKT2-AS160 signaling and metabolic function
Authors: Balsevich Georgia , Häusl Alexander S. , Meyer Carola W. , Karamihalev Stoyo , Feng Xixi , Pöhlmann Max L. , Dournes Carine , Uribe-Marino Andres , Santarelli Sara , Labermaier Christiana , Hafner Kathrin , Mao Tianqi , Breitsamer Michaela , Theodoropoulou Marily , Namendorf Christian , Uhr Manfred , Paez-Pereda Marcelo , Winter Gerhard , Hausch Felix , Chen Alon , Tschöp Matthias H. , Rein Theo , Gassen Nils C. , Schmidt Mathias V. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe co-chaperone FKBP5 is a stress-responsive protein-regulating stress reactivity, and its genetic variants are associated with T2D related traits and other stress-related disorders. Here we show that FKBP51 plays a role in energy and glucose homeostasis. Fkbp5 knockout (51KO) mice are protected from high-fat diet-induced weight gain, show improved glucose tolerance and increased insulin signaling in skeletal muscle. Chronic treatment with a novel FKBP51 antagonist, SAFit2, recapitulates the effects of FKBP51 deletion on both body weight regulation and glucose tolerance. Using shorter SAFit2 treatment, we show that glucose tolerance improvement precedes the reduction in body weight. Mechanistically, we identify a novel association between FKBP51 and AS160, a substrate of AKT2 that is involved in glucose uptake. FKBP51 antagonism increases the phosphorylation of AS160, increases glucose transporter 4 expression at the plasma membrane, and ultimately enhances glucose uptake in skeletal myotubes. We propose FKBP51 as a mediator between stress and T2D development, and potential target for therapeutic approaches.
Chinese CO2 emission flows have reversed since the global financial crisis
Authors: Mi Zhifu , Meng Jing , Guan Dabo , Shan Yuli , Song Malin , Wei Yi-Ming , Liu Zhu , Hubacek Klaus 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis study seeks to estimate the carbon implications of recent changes in China’s economic development patterns and role in global trade in the post-financial-crisis era. We utilised the latest socioeconomic datasets to compile China’s 2012 multiregional input-output (MRIO) table. Environmentally extended input-output analysis and structural decomposition analysis (SDA) were applied to investigate the driving forces behind changes in CO2 emissions embodied in China’s domestic and foreign trade from 2007 to 2012. Here we show that emission flow patterns have changed greatly in both domestic and foreign trade since the financial crisis. Some economically less developed regions, such as Southwest China, have shifted from being a net emission exporter to being a net emission importer. In terms of foreign trade, emissions embodied in China’s exports declined from 2007 to 2012 mainly due to changes in production structure and efficiency gains, while developing countries became the major destination of China’s export emissions.
T cell-targeting nanoparticles focus delivery of immunotherapy to improve antitumor immunity
Authors: Schmid Daniela , Park Chun Gwon , Hartl Christina A. , Subedi Nikita , Cartwright Adam N. , Puerto Regina Bou , Zheng Yiran , Maiarana James , Freeman Gordon J. , Wucherpfennig Kai W. , Irvine Darrell J. , Goldberg Michael S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTargeted delivery of compounds to particular cell subsets can enhance therapeutic index by concentrating their action on the cells of interest. Because attempts to target tumors directly have yielded limited benefit, we instead target endogenous immune cell subsets in the circulation that can migrate actively into tumors. We describe antibody-targeted nanoparticles that bind to CD8+ T cells in the blood, lymphoid tissues, and tumors of mice. PD-1+ T cells are successfully targeted in the circulation and tumor. The delivery of an inhibitor of TGFβ signaling to PD-1-expressing cells extends the survival of tumor-bearing mice, whereas free drugs have no effect at such doses. This modular platform also enables PD-1-targeted delivery of a TLR7/8 agonist to the tumor microenvironment, increasing the proportion of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and sensitizing tumors to subsequent anti-PD-1. Targeted delivery of immunotherapy to defined subsets of endogenous leukocytes may be superior to administration of free drugs.
Switchable photovoltaic windows enabled by reversible photothermal complex dissociation from methylammonium lead iodide
Authors: Wheeler Lance M. , Moore David T. , Ihly Rachelle , Stanton Noah J. , Miller Elisa M. , Tenent Robert C. , Blackburn Jeffrey L. , Neale Nathan R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMaterials with switchable absorption properties have been widely used for smart window applications to reduce energy consumption and enhance occupant comfort in buildings. In this work, we combine the benefits of smart windows with energy conversion by producing a photovoltaic device with a switchable absorber layer that dynamically responds to sunlight. Upon illumination, photothermal heating switches the absorber layer—composed of a metal halide perovskite-methylamine complex—from a transparent state (68% visible transmittance) to an absorbing, photovoltaic colored state (less than 3% visible transmittance) due to dissociation of methylamine. After cooling, the methylamine complex is re-formed, returning the absorber layer to the transparent state in which the device acts as a window to visible light. The thermodynamics of switching and performance of the device are described. This work validates a photovoltaic window technology that circumvents the fundamental tradeoff between efficient solar conversion and high visible light transmittance that limits conventional semitransparent PV window designs.
Divergent synthesis of N-heterocycles via controllable cyclization of azido-diynes catalyzed by copper and gold
Authors: Shen Wen-Bo , Sun Qing , Li Long , Liu Xin , Zhou Bo , Yan Juan-Zhu , Lu Xin , Ye Long-Wu 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGold-catalyzed intermolecular alkyne oxidation by an N–O bond oxidant has proven to be a powerful method in organic synthesis during the past decade, because this approach would enable readily available alkynes as precursors in generating α-oxo gold carbenes. Among those, gold-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of dialkynes has received particular attention as this chemistry offers great potential to build structurally complex cyclic molecules. However, these alkyne oxidations have been mostly limited to noble metal catalysts, and, to our knowledge, non-noble metal-catalyzed reactions such as diyne oxidations have not been reported. Herein, we disclose a copper-catalyzed oxidative diyne cyclization, allowing the facile synthesis of a wide range of valuable pyrrolo[3,4-c]quinolin-1-ones. Interestingly, by employing the same starting materials, the gold-catalyzed cascade cyclization leads to the divergent formation of synthetically useful pyrrolo[2,3-b]indoles. Furthermore, the proposed mechanistic rationale for these cascade reactions is strongly supported by both control experiments and theoretical calculations.
Quantifying protein densities on cell membranes using super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging
Authors: Lukeš Tomáš , Glatzová Daniela , Kvíčalová Zuzana , Levet Florian , Benda Aleš , Letschert Sebastian , Sauer Markus , Brdička Tomáš , Lasser Theo , Cebecauer Marek 
Published: November 2017

AbstractQuantitative approaches for characterizing molecular organization of cell membrane molecules under physiological and pathological conditions profit from recently developed super-resolution imaging techniques. Current tools employ statistical algorithms to determine clusters of molecules based on single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) data. These approaches are limited by the ability of SMLM techniques to identify and localize molecules in densely populated areas and experimental conditions of sample preparation and image acquisition. We have developed a robust, model-free, quantitative clustering analysis to determine the distribution of membrane molecules that excels in densely labeled areas and is tolerant to various experimental conditions, i.e. multiple-blinking or high blinking rates. The method is based on a TIRF microscope followed by a super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI) analysis. The effectiveness and robustness of the method is validated using simulated and experimental data investigating nanoscale distribution of CD4 glycoprotein mutants in the plasma membrane of T cells.
R-Ras-Akt axis induces endothelial lumenogenesis and regulates the patency of regenerating vasculature
Authors: Li Fangfei , Sawada Junko , Komatsu Masanobu 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe formation of endothelial lumen is fundamental to angiogenesis and essential to the oxygenation of hypoxic tissues. The molecular mechanism underlying this important process remains obscure. Here, we show that Akt activation by a Ras homolog, R-Ras, stabilizes the microtubule cytoskeleton in endothelial cells leading to endothelial lumenogenesis. The activation of Akt by the potent angiogenic factor VEGF-A does not strongly stabilize microtubules or sufficiently promote lumen formation, hence demonstrating a distinct role for the R-Ras-Akt axis. We show in mice that this pathway is important for the lumenization of new capillaries and microvessels developing in ischemic muscles to allow sufficient tissue reperfusion after ischemic injury. Our work identifies a role for Akt in lumenogenesis and the significance of the R-Ras-Akt signaling for the patency of regenerating blood vessels.
Assembly of CRISPR ribonucleoproteins with biotinylated oligonucleotides via an RNA aptamer for precise gene editing
Authors: Carlson-Stevermer Jared , Abdeen Amr A. , Kohlenberg Lucille , Goedland Madelyn , Molugu Kaivalya , Lou Meng , Saha Krishanu 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWriting specific DNA sequences into the human genome is challenging with non-viral gene-editing reagents, since most of the edited sequences contain various imprecise insertions or deletions. We developed a modular RNA aptamer-streptavidin strategy, termed S1mplex, to complex CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoproteins with a nucleic acid donor template, as well as other biotinylated molecules such as quantum dots. In human cells, tailored S1mplexes increase the ratio of precisely edited to imprecisely edited alleles up to 18-fold higher than standard gene-editing methods, and enrich cell populations containing multiplexed precise edits up to 42-fold. These advances with versatile, preassembled reagents could greatly reduce the time and cost of in vitro or ex vivo gene-editing applications in precision medicine and drug discovery and aid in the development of increased and serial dosing regimens for somatic gene editing in vivo.
Josephson emission with frequency span 1–11 THz from small Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ
mesa structures
Authors: Borodianskyi E. A. , Krasnov V. M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMesa structures made of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ
high-temperature superconductor represent stacks of atomic scale intrinsic Josephson junctions. They can be used for generation of high-frequency electromagnetic waves. Here we analyze Josephson emission from small-but-high mesas (with a small area, but containing many stacked junctions). We have found strong evidence for tunable terahertz emission with a good efficacy in a record high-frequency span 1–11 THz, approaching the theoretical upper limit for this superconductor. Emission maxima correspond to in-phase cavity modes in the mesas, indicating coherent superradiant nature of the emission. We conclude that terahertz emission requires a threshold number of junctions N ~ 100. The threshold behavior is not present in the classical description of stacked Josephson junctions and suggests importance of laser-like cascade amplification of the photon number in the cavity.
Inactivation of KCNQ1 potassium channels reveals dynamic coupling between voltage sensing and pore opening
Authors: Hou Panpan , Eldstrom Jodene , Shi Jingyi , Zhong Ling , McFarland Kelli , Gao Yuan , Fedida David , Cui Jianmin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn voltage-activated ion channels, voltage sensor (VSD) activation induces pore opening via VSD-pore coupling. Previous studies show that the pore in KCNQ1 channels opens when the VSD activates to both intermediate and fully activated states, resulting in the intermediate open (IO) and activated open (AO) states, respectively. It is also well known that accompanying KCNQ1 channel opening, the ionic current is suppressed by a rapid process called inactivation. Here we show that inactivation of KCNQ1 channels derives from the different mechanisms of the VSD-pore coupling that lead to the IO and AO states, respectively. When the VSD activates from the intermediate state to the activated state, the VSD-pore coupling has less efficacy in opening the pore, producing inactivation. These results indicate that different mechanisms, other than the canonical VSD-pore coupling, are at work in voltage-dependent ion channel activation.
Complex three-dimensional self-assembly in proxies for atmospheric aerosols
Authors: Pfrang C. , Rastogi K. , Cabrera-Martinez E. R. , Seddon A. M. , Dicko C. , Labrador A. , Plivelic T. S. , Cowieson N. , Squires A. M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAerosols are significant to the Earth’s climate, with nearly all atmospheric aerosols containing organic compounds that often contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts. However, the nature of how these compounds are arranged within an aerosol droplet remains unknown. Here we demonstrate that fatty acids in proxies for atmospheric aerosols self-assemble into highly ordered three-dimensional nanostructures that may have implications for environmentally important processes. Acoustically trapped droplets of oleic acid/sodium oleate mixtures in sodium chloride solution are analysed by simultaneous synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering and Raman spectroscopy in a controlled gas-phase environment. We demonstrate that the droplets contained crystal-like lyotropic phases including hexagonal and cubic close-packed arrangements of spherical and cylindrical micelles, and stacks of bilayers, whose structures responded to atmospherically relevant humidity changes and chemical reactions. Further experiments show that self-assembly reduces the rate of the reaction of the fatty acid with ozone, and that lyotropic-phase formation also occurs in more complex mixtures more closely resembling compositions of atmospheric aerosols. We suggest that lyotropic-phase formation likely occurs in the atmosphere, with potential implications for radiative forcing, residence times and other aerosol characteristics.
Repeated storage of respired carbon in the equatorial Pacific Ocean over the last three glacial cycles
Authors: Jacobel A. W. , McManus J. F. , Anderson R. F. , Winckler G. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAs the largest reservoir of carbon exchanging with the atmosphere on glacial–interglacial timescales, the deep ocean has been implicated as the likely location of carbon sequestration during Pleistocene glaciations. Despite strong theoretical underpinning for this expectation, radiocarbon data on watermass ventilation ages conflict, and proxy interpretations disagree about the depth, origin and even existence of the respired carbon pool. Because any change in the storage of respiratory carbon is accompanied by corresponding changes in dissolved oxygen concentrations, proxy data reflecting oxygenation are valuable in addressing these apparent inconsistencies. Here, we present a record of redox-sensitive uranium from the central equatorial Pacific Ocean to identify intervals associated with respiratory carbon storage over the past 350 kyr, providing evidence for repeated carbon storage over the last three glacial cycles. We also synthesise our data with previous work and propose an internally consistent picture of glacial carbon storage and equatorial Pacific Ocean watermass structure.