bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human PrimPol activity is enhanced by RPA
Authors: Martínez-Jiménez María I. , Lahera Antonio , Blanco Luis 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHuman PrimPol is a primase belonging to the AEP superfamily with the unique ability to synthesize DNA primers de novo, and a non-processive DNA polymerase able to bypass certain DNA lesions. PrimPol facilitates both mitochondrial and nuclear replication fork progression either acting as a conventional TLS polymerase, or repriming downstream of blocking lesions. In vivo assays have shown that PrimPol is rapidly recruited to sites of DNA damage by interaction with the human replication protein A (RPA). In agreement with previous findings, we show here that the higher affinity of RPA for ssDNA inhibits PrimPol activities in short ssDNA templates. In contrast, once the amount of ssDNA increases up to a length in which both proteins can simultaneously bind ssDNA, as expected during replicative stress conditions, PrimPol and RPA functionally interact, and their binding capacities are mutually enhanced. When using M13 ssDNA as template, RPA stimulated both the primase and polymerase activities of PrimPol, either alone or in synergy with Polε. These new findings supports the existence of a functional PrimPol/RPA association that allows repriming at the exposed ssDNA regions formed in the leading strand upon replicase stalling.
Root biomass and exudates link plant diversity with soil bacterial and fungal biomass
Authors: Eisenhauer Nico , Lanoue Arnaud , Strecker Tanja , Scheu Stefan , Steinauer Katja , Thakur Madhav P. , Mommer Liesje 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPlant diversity has been shown to determine the composition and functioning of soil biota. Although root-derived organic inputs are discussed as the main drivers of soil communities, experimental evidence is scarce. While there is some evidence that higher root biomass at high plant diversity increases substrate availability for soil biota, several studies have speculated that the quantity and diversity of root inputs into the soil, i.e. though root exudates, drive plant diversity effects on soil biota. Here we used a microcosm experiment to study the role of plant species richness on the biomass of soil bacteria and fungi as well as fungal-to-bacterial ratio via root biomass and root exudates. Plant diversity significantly increased shoot biomass, root biomass, the amount of root exudates, bacterial biomass, and fungal biomass. Fungal biomass increased most with increasing plant diversity resulting in a significant shift in the fungal-to-bacterial biomass ratio at high plant diversity. Fungal biomass increased significantly with plant diversity-induced increases in root biomass and the amount of root exudates. These results suggest that plant diversity enhances soil microbial biomass, particularly soil fungi, by increasing root-derived organic inputs.
Identification of Novel MAGE-G1-Interacting Partners in Retinoic Acid-Induced P19 Neuronal Differentiation Using SILAC-Based Proteomics
Authors: Liu Yong , Chen Yujian , Lin Shide , Yang Shuguang , Liu Shaojun 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMAGE-G1 is a protein plays role in the early process of neurogenesis. However, the fundamental roles MAGE-G1 played in neurogenesis have not yet been completely understood. Finding the partners MAGE-G1 interacting with will surely contribute to the function study of MAGE-G1. In this study, using Stable Isotope Labeling by Amino acids in Cell culture-immunoprecipitation quantitative proteomics, we screened the interacting proteins of MAGE-G1 during retinoic acid -induced neuronal differentiation of P19 cells and firstly found that FSCN1 and VIME were potential novel MAGE-G1-interacting proteins. Then, the interaction between overexpressed MAGE-G1 and FSCN1 or VIME was validated by GST-pull down assay in bacteria and by co-immunoprecipitation assay in COS7 cells. Endogenous co-immunoprecipitation assay further confirmed that MAGE-G1 interacted with FSCN1 or VIME in P19 cells after a 6-day retinoic acid-induced neuronal differentiation. Those results provide a functional linkage between MAGE-G1 and FSCN1 or VIME and may facilitate a better understanding of the fundamental aspects of MAGE-G1 during neurogenesis.
Visuomotor adaptation in head-mounted virtual reality versus conventional training
Authors: Anglin J. M. , Sugiyama T. , Liew S.-L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractImmersive, head-mounted virtual reality (HMD-VR) provides a unique opportunity to understand how changes in sensory environments affect motor learning. However, potential differences in mechanisms of motor learning and adaptation in HMD-VR versus a conventional training (CT) environment have not been extensively explored. Here, we investigated whether adaptation on a visuomotor rotation task in HMD-VR yields similar adaptation effects in CT and whether these effects are achieved through similar mechanisms. Specifically, recent work has shown that visuomotor adaptation may occur via both an implicit, error-based internal model and a more cognitive, explicit strategic component. We sought to measure both overall adaptation and balance between implicit and explicit mechanisms in HMD-VR versus CT. Twenty-four healthy individuals were placed in either HMD-VR or CT and trained on an identical visuomotor adaptation task that measured both implicit and explicit components. Our results showed that the overall timecourse of adaption was similar in both HMD-VR and CT. However, HMD-VR participants utilized a greater cognitive strategy than CT, while CT participants engaged in greater implicit learning. These results suggest that while both conditions produce similar results in overall adaptation, the mechanisms by which visuomotor adaption occurs in HMD-VR appear to be more reliant on cognitive strategies.
Inter-layer synchronization in non-identical multi-layer networks
Authors: Leyva I. , Sevilla-Escoboza R. , Sendiña-Nadal I. , Gutiérrez R. , Buldú J.M. , Boccaletti S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractInter-layer synchronization is a dynamical process occurring in multi-layer networks composed of identical nodes. This process emerges when all layers are synchronized, while nodes in each layer do not necessarily evolve in unison. So far, the study of such inter-layer synchronization has been restricted to the case in which all layers have an identical connectivity structure. When layers are not identical, the inter-layer synchronous state is no longer a stable solution of the system. Nevertheless, when layers differ in just a few links, an approximate treatment is still feasible, and allows one to gather information on whether and how the system may wander around an inter-layer synchronous configuration. We report the details of an approximate analytical treatment for a two-layer multiplex, which results in the introduction of an extra inertial term accounting for structural differences. Numerical validation of the predictions highlights the usefulness of our approach, especially for small or moderate topological differences in the intra-layer coupling. Moreover, we identify a non-trivial relationship connecting the betweenness centrality of the missing links and the intra-layer coupling strength. Finally, by the use of multiplexed layers of electronic circuits, we study the inter-layer synchronization as a function of the removed links.
Magneto-Dendrite Effect: Copper Electrodeposition under High Magnetic Field
Authors: Miura Makoto , Oshikiri Yoshinobu , Sugiyama Atsushi , Morimoto Ryoichi , Mogi Iwao , Miura Miki , Takagi Satoshi , Yamauchi Yusuke , Aogaki Ryoichi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIonic vacancy is a by-product in electrochemical reaction, composed of polarized free space of the order of 0.1 nm with a 1 s lifetime, and playing key roles in nano-electrochemical processes. However, its chemical nature has not yet been clarified. In copper electrodeposition under a high magnetic field of 15 T, using a new electrode system called cyclotron magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) electrode (CMHDE) composed of a pair of concentric cylindrical electrodes, we have found an extraordinary dendritic growth with a drastic positive potential shift from hydrogen-gas evolution potential. Dendritic deposition is characterized by the co-deposition of hydrogen molecule, but such a positive potential shift makes hydrogen-gas evolution impossible. However, in the high magnetic field, instead of flat deposit, remarkable dendritic growth emerged. By examining the chemical nature of ionic vacancy, it was concluded that ionic vacancy works on the dendrite formation with the extraordinary potential shift.
On-chip magnetic cooling of a nanoelectronic device
Authors: Bradley D. I. , Guénault A. M. , Gunnarsson D. , Haley R. P. , Holt S. , Jones A. T. , Pashkin Yu. A. , Penttilä J. , Prance J. R. , Prunnila M. , Roschier L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe demonstrate significant cooling of electrons in a nanostructure below 10 mK by demagnetisation of thin-film copper on a silicon chip. Our approach overcomes the typical bottleneck of weak electron-phonon scattering by coupling the electrons directly to a bath of refrigerated nuclei, rather than cooling via phonons in the host lattice. Consequently, weak electron-phonon scattering becomes an advant- age. It allows the electrons to be cooled for an experimentally useful period of time to temperatures colder than the dilution refrigerator platform, the incoming electrical connections, and the host lattice. There are efforts worldwide to reach sub-millikelvin electron temperatures in nanostructures to study coherent electronic phenomena and improve the operation of nanoelectronic devices. On-chip magnetic cooling is a promising approach to meet this challenge. The method can be used to reach low, local electron temperatures in other nanostructures, obviating the need to adapt traditional, large demagnetisation stages. We demonstrate the technique by applying it to a nanoelectronic primary thermometer that measures its internal electron temperature. Using an optimised demagnetisation process, we demonstrate cooling of the on-chip electrons from 9 mK to below 5 mK for over 1000 seconds.
Infections of virulent and avirulent viruses differentially influenced the expression of dicer-1, ago-1, and microRNAs in Bombus terrestris
Authors: Niu Jinzhi , Meeus Ivan , De Coninck Dieter IM , Deforce Dieter , Etebari Kayvan , Asgari Sassan , Smagghe Guy 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe microRNA (miRNA) pathway is well established to be involved in host-pathogen interactions. As key insect pollinators, bees are suffering from widely spreading viruses, especially honeybees and bumblebees. In order to better understand bee-virus interaction, we comparatively analyzed the involvement of the bumblebee miRNA pathway upon infection by two different viruses. In our setup, an avirulent infection is induced by slow bee paralysis virus (SBPV) and a virulent infection is induced by Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV). Our results showed the increased expressions ofdicer-1andago-1upon SBPV infection. There were 17 and 12 bumblebee miRNAs differentially expressed upon SBPV and IAPV infections, respectively. These results may indicate the involvement of the host miRNA pathway in bumblebee-virus interaction. However, silencing ofdicer-1did not influence the genome copy number of SBPV. Target prediction for these differentially expressed miRNAs showed their possible involvement in targeting viral genomic RNA and in the regulation of networks in bumblebee. Our study opens a new insight into bee-virus interaction meditated by host miRNAs.
Genome-wide association analysis for chronic venous disease identifies EFEMP1 and KCNH8 as susceptibility loci
Authors: Ellinghaus Eva , Ellinghaus David , Krusche Petra , Greiner Aljoscha , Schreiber Claudia , Nikolaus Susanna , Gieger Christian , Strauch Konstantin , Lieb Wolfgang , Rosenstiel Philip , Frings Norbert , Fiebig Andreas , Schreiber Stefan , Franke Andre 
Published: April 2017

AbstractChronic venous disease (CVD) is a multifactorial condition representing one of the most common disorders among populations of Western countries. The heritability of about 17% suggests genetic risk factors in CVD etiology. However, so far the genetic causes are unknown. We undertook the hitherto first genome-wide association study (GWAS) for CVD, analyzing more than 1.93 M SNPs in 4,942 German individuals, followed by replication in two independent German data sets. The combined analysis of discovery and replication stages (2,269 cases and 7,765 controls) yielded robust associations within the two genes EFEMP1 and KCNH8 (rs17278665, rs727139 with P < 5 × 10−8), and suggestive association within gene SKAP2 (rs2030136 with P < 5 × 10−7). Association signals of rs17278665 and rs727139 reside in regions of low linkage disequilibrium containing no other genes. Data from the ENCODE and Roadmap Epigenomics projects show that tissue specific marks overlap with the variants. SNPs rs17278665 and rs2030136 are known eQTLs. Our study demonstrates that GWAS are a valuable tool to study the genetic component of CVD. With our approach, we identified two novel genome-wide significant susceptibility loci for this common disease. Particularly, the extracellular matrix glycoprotein EFEMP1 is promising for future functional studies due to its antagonistic role in vessel development and angiogenesis.
Transition between strong and weak topological insulator in ZrTe5 and HfTe5
Authors: Fan Zongjian , Liang Qi-Feng , Chen Y. B. , Yao Shu-Hua , Zhou Jian 
Published: April 2017

AbstractZrTe5 and HfTe5 have attracted increasingly attention recently since the theoretical prediction of being topological insulators (TIs). However, subsequent works show many contradictions about their topolog-ical nature. Three possible phases, i.e. strong TI, weak TI, and Dirac semi-metal, have been observed in different experiments until now. Essentially whether ZrTe5 or HfTe5 has a band gap or not is still a question. Here, we present detailed first-principles calculations on the electronic and topological prop-erties of ZrTe5 and HfTe5 on variant volumes and clearly demonstrate the topological phase transition from a strong TI, going through an intermediate Dirac semi-metal state, then to a weak TI when the crystal expands. Our work might give a unified explain about the divergent experimental results and propose the crucial clue to further experiments to elucidate the topological nature of these materials.
Enhancing current-induced torques by abutting additional spin polarizer layer to nonmagnetic metal layer
Authors: Go Gyungchoon , Lee Kyung-Jin , Kim Young Keun 
Published: April 2017

AbstractRecently, the switching of a perpendicularly magnetized ferromagnet (FM) by injecting an in-plane current into an attached non-magnet (NM) has become of emerging technological interest. This magnetization switching is attributed to the spin-orbit torque (SOT) originating from the strong spin-orbit coupling of the NM layer. However, the switching efficiency of the NM/FM structure itself may be insufficient for practical use, as for example, in spin transfer torque (STT)-based magnetic random access memory (MRAM) devices. Here we investigate spin torque in an NM/FM structure with an additional spin polarizer (SP) layer abutted to the NM layer. In addition to the SOT contribution, a spin-polarized current from the SP layer creates an extra spin chemical potential difference at the NM/FM interface and gives rise to a STT on the FM layer. We show that, using typical parameters including device width, thickness, spin diffusion length, and the spin Hall angle, the spin torque from the SP layer can be much larger than that from the spin Hall effect (SHE) of the NM.
Genome-wide study of an elite rice pedigree reveals a complex history of genetic architecture for breeding improvement
Authors: Chen Shaoxia , Lin Zechuan , Zhou Degui , Wang Chongrong , Li Hong , Yu Renbo , Deng Hanchao , Tang Xiaoyan , Zhou Shaochuan , Wang Deng Xing , He Hang 
Published: April 2017

AbstractImproving breeding has been widely utilized in crop breeding and contributed to yield and quality improvement, yet few researches have been done to analyze genetic architecture underlying breeding improvement comprehensively. Here, we collected genotype and phenotype data of 99 cultivars from the complete pedigree including Huanghuazhan, an elite, high-quality, conventional indica rice that has been grown over 4.5 million hectares in southern China and from which more than 20 excellent cultivars have been derived. We identified 1,313 selective sweeps (SSWs) revealing four stage-specific selection patterns corresponding to improvement preference during 65 years, and 1113 conserved Huanghuazhan traceable blocks (cHTBs) introduced from different donors and conserved in >3 breeding generations were the core genomic regions for superior performance of Huanghuazhan. Based on 151 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) identified for 13 improved traits in the pedigree, we reproduced their improvement process in silico, highlighting improving breeding works well for traits controlled by major/major + minor effect QTLs, but was inefficient for traits controlled by QTLs with complex interactions or explaining low levels of phenotypic variation. These results indicate long-term breeding improvement is efficient to construct superior genetic architecture for elite performance, yet molecular breeding with designed genotype of QTLs can facilitate complex traits improvement.
Inhibitory Effects of Dopamine Receptor D1 Agonist on Mammary Tumor and Bone Metastasis
Authors: Minami Kazumasa , Liu Shengzhi , Liu Yang , Chen Andy , Wan Qiaoqiao , Na Sungsoo , Li Bai-Yan , Matsuura Nariaki , Koizumi Masahiko , Yin Yukun , Gan Liangying , Xu Aihua , Li Jiliang , Nakshatri Harikrishna , Yokota Hiroki 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDopaminergic signaling plays a critical role in the nervous system, but little is known about its potential role in breast cancer and bone metabolism. A screening of ~1,000 biologically active compounds revealed that a selective agonist of dopamine receptor D1 (DRD1), A77636, inhibited proliferation of 4T1.2 mammary tumor cells as well as MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Herein, we examined the effect of A77636 on bone quality using a mouse model of bone metastasis from mammary tumor. A77636 inhibited migration of cancer cells in a DRD1-dependent fashion and suppressed development of bone-resorbing osteoclasts by downregulating NFATc1 through the elevation of phosphorylation of eIF2α. In the mouse model of bone metastasis, A77636 reduced osteolytic lesions and prevented mechanical weakening of the femur and tibia. Collectively, we expect that dopaminergic signaling might provide a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer and bone metastasis.
Resveratrol protects podocytes against apoptosis via stimulation of autophagy in a mouse model of diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Huang Shan-Shan , Ding Da-Fa , Chen Sheng , Dong Cheng-Long , Ye Xiao-Long , Yuan Yang-Gang , Feng Ya-Min , You Na , Xu Jia-Rong , Miao Heng , You Qiang , Lu Xiang , Lu Yi-Bing 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPodocyte apoptosis coincides with albuminuria onset and precedes podocytopenia in diabetic nephropathy. However, there is a lack of effective therapeutic drugs to protect podocytes from apoptosis. Here, we demonstrated that resveratrol relieved a series of indicators of diabetic nephropathy and attenuated apoptosis of podocytes in db/db diabetic model mice. In addition, resveratrol induced autophagy in both db/db mice and human podocytes. Furthermore, inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and autophagy gene 5 (Atg5) short hairpin RNA (shRNA) reversed the protective effects of resveratrol on podocytes. Finally, we found that resveratrol might regulate autophagy and apoptosis in db/db mice and podocytes through the suppression of microRNA-383-5p (miR-383-5p). Together, our results indicate that resveratrol effectively attenuates high glucose-induced apoptosis via the activation of autophagy in db/db mice and podocytes, which involves miR-383-5p. Thus, this study reveals a new possible strategy to treat diabetic nephropathy.
Vortices and antivortices in two-dimensional ultracold Fermi gases
Authors: Bighin G. , Salasnich L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractVortices are commonly observed in the context of classical hydrodynamics: from whirlpools after stirring the coffee in a cup to a violent atmospheric phenomenon such as a tornado, all classical vortices are characterized by an arbitrary circulation value of the local velocity field. On the other hand the appearance of vortices with quantized circulation represents one of the fundamental signatures of macroscopic quantum phenomena. In two-dimensional superfluids quantized vortices play a key role in determining finite-temperature properties, as the superfluid phase and the normal state are separated by a vortex unbinding transition, the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition. Very recent experiments with two-dimensional superfluid fermions motivate the present work: we present theoretical results based on the renormalization group showing that the universal jump of the superfluid density and the critical temperature crucially depend on the interaction strength, providing a strong benchmark for forthcoming investigations.
Solar eclipse demonstrating the importance of photochemistry in new particle formation
Authors: Jokinen Tuija , Kontkanen Jenni , Lehtipalo Katrianne , Manninen Hanna E. , Aalto Juho , Porcar-Castell Albert , Garmash Olga , Nieminen Tuomo , Ehn Mikael , Kangasluoma Juha , Junninen Heikki , Levula Janne , Duplissy Jonathan , Ahonen Lauri R. , Rantala Pekka , Heikkinen Liine , Yan Chao , Sipilä Mikko , Worsnop Douglas R. , Bäck Jaana , Petäjä Tuukka , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Kulmala Markku 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSolar eclipses provide unique possibilities to investigate atmospheric processes, such as new particle formation (NPF), important to the global aerosol load and radiative balance. The temporary absence of solar radiation gives particular insight into different oxidation and clustering processes leading to NPF. This is crucial because our mechanistic understanding on how NPF is related to photochemistry is still rather limited. During a partial solar eclipse over Finland in 2015, we found that this phenomenon had prominent effects on atmospheric on-going NPF. During the eclipse, the sources of aerosol precursor gases, such as sulphuric acid and nitrogen- containing highly oxidised organic compounds, decreased considerably, which was followed by a reduced formation of small clusters and nanoparticles and thus termination of NPF. After the eclipse, aerosol precursor molecule concentrations recovered and re-initiated NPF. Our results provide direct evidence on the key role of the photochemical production of sulphuric acid and highly oxidized organic compounds in maintaining atmospheric NPF. Our results also explain the rare occurrence of this phenomenon under dark conditions, as well as its seemingly weak connection with atmospheric ions.