bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Redes sociales, entornos situacionales, entornos reticulares: representaciones distribuidas o el poder borroso de las cliques
Authors: Lozares Colina Carlos , Verd Pericàs Joan Miquel , Muntanyola Dafne 
Published: January 2018

Este artículo aborda diferentes temáticas convergentes. Se trata, en primer lugar, de identificar y dar contenido aplicado al concepto de ‘entorno reticular’ basado en la idea de ‘entorno situacional’ que a su vez, ambos, se aproximan al de ‘marco o frame semántico’. Se parte inicialmente del concepto de campo y red semántica hastaprogresivamente llegar al de “entorno reticular”. Es pues cuestión de identificar dicho concepto de tal manera que pueda ser tratado y analizado en el marco la Teoría y Análisis de las Redes Sociales (TARS) por sus conceptos, y metodología específica.La segunda temática se refiere a contenidos temáticos en el el macro de la TARS. Se trata de analizar el relato escrito de alumnos de un aula universitaria sobre los acontecimientos importantes en su vida cotidiana y las relaciones que se establecen entre dichos acontecimentos y entre los alumnos.. El relato que los alumnos hacen se refieren a situaciones, contenidos, temáticas importantes en vida actual ; lo que guarda alguna equivalencia con una entrevista dirigida y como interpretación puede ser asimilable a la propia del análisis del discurso. La originalidad del artículo consiste en la aplicación de la TARS como mecanismo de análisis e interpetativo de los acontecimientos que son considerados como nodos y los vínculos entre ellos las relaciones en la red que corresponde. A cada alumno le corresponde su red que corresponde a las relaciones declardas por los alumnos entre sus acontecimientos declarados. El resultado para cada alumno es una nube relacional entre lo que es importante en sus vidas expresado vincularmente.. No se lleva a cabo el análisis específico de cada alumno, que también fuera posible, sino la visión global de todos los alumnos del aula. En este sentido, un tercer contenidoconsiste en superar un tratamiento puramente temático o semántico sin vinculaciones entre acontecimientos de los agentes superando así los análisis habituados de contenido enlazando el discurso por los mismos vínculos que declaran los actores. Se trata pues de del análisis de un discurso relacional respetando la declaración relacional de los agentes sobre los acontecimientos importantes en la vida de las personas.
Evidence that Castanea Dentata Persists on Xeric, Mid-Elevation Sites in the Southern Appalachians
Authors: Mcnab W. Henry 
Published: January 2018

Abstract:
Castanea dentata (American chestnut) persists today in the southern Appalachian forests of North Carolina as sparsely occurring sprouting root systems. The introduction of two exotic fungal diseases into North America, root rot (Phytophthora cinnamomi) in the early 1800s and chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica) in the early 1900s, eliminated C. dentata as a dominant canopy species. Identifying and understanding the characteristics of sites where C. dentata persists could offer insights for management and restoration. Using a regional forest inventory and analysis (FIA) database, I studied the ecology of C. dentata on 831 forested sample plots in 21 mountainous counties of western North Carolina. The purpose of my study was to determine if the presence of C. dentata was associated with common topographic variables and the co-occurrence of other tree species that could be used in a regression model for evaluation of sites for potential management activities. I found that C. dentata occurred on only 3.5% of the sample plots. Its presence was directly associated with elevation &gt;900 m, positively related to the co-occurring species Quercus prinus (chestnut oak) and Q. rubra (northern red oak), and negatively related to Liriodendron tulipifera (yellow-poplar). Logistic regression revealed poor performance of formulations with multiple significant biological variables (i.e., tree species) because of multicollinearity effects with elevation. Good model performance was achieved with a two-variable formulation using elevation and a weighted averages score derived from direct gradient analysis and ordination of moisture affinities of the 30 tree species in the study plots. An explanation for the effect of elevation on occurrence of C. dentata on sites &gt;900 m is unknown, but the arborescent species scores suggest probable xeric to subxeric plot moisture regimes. Limitations of the FIA data for my study were many including few plots with C. dentata, lack of plot soil characteristics and history of disturbance from fire. Results from my study may have application to rank forest sites for investigation of biological control of C. parasitica through hypovirulence and for identifying stands for application of silvicultural practices to reduce environmental stress and increase survival of existing root systems.
Nursing practice in clinical management of breastfeeding: strategies for breastfeeding / Atuação do enfermeiro no manejo clínico da amamentação: estratégias para o aleitamento materno
Authors: Costa Evelyn Farias Gomes da , Alves Valdecyr Herdy , Souza Rosangela de Mattos Pereira de , Rodrigues Diego Pereira , Santos Márcia Vieira dos , Oliveira Fernanda Lopes de 
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: compreender as estratégias de orientação realizada pelos enfermeiros durante o processo do manejo clínico da amamentação. Métodos: trata-se de estudo descritivo-exploratório de natureza qualitativa, cujos participantes foram 10 enfermeiros atuantes no alojamento conjunto do Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, situado no município de Niterói, Estado do Rio de Janeiro. A coleta de dados foi realizada durante os meses de janeiro à março de 2013 por intermédio de entrevista semiestruturada. Resultados: na análise de conteúdo emergiram três categorias: O apoio no manejo clínico do aleitamento materno: perspectiva do cuidar; o apoio técnico-prático do manejo clínico da amamentação; e o manejo clínico da amamentação a partir da orientação dos enfermeiros no alojamento conjunto. Conclusão: os enfermeiros possuem o entendimento das estratégias do manejo clínico da amamentação,tais como ações de apoio à mulher com ênfase na atenção humanizada e não sistematizada, focando sua assistência na forma de orientações.
Reiki therapy in Family Health Strategy: perceptions of nurses / A terapia do reiki na Estratégia de Saúde da Família: percepção dos enfermeiros
Authors: Freitag Vera Lucia , Andrade Andressa de , Badke Marcio Rossato , Heck Rita Maria , Milbrath Viviane Marten 
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: A pesquisa objetivou conhecer os sentimentos vivenciados por enfermeiras que atuam junto a Estratégias de Saúde da Família após receberem aplicação de reiki. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo exploratório. Os sujeitos investigados foram oito enfermeiras atuantes em Estratégias de Saúde da Família do norte do Rio Grande do Sul, submetidas a três sessões de reiki e posteriormente entrevistadas utilizando-se a técnica da entrevista semi-estruturada contendo questões abertas e fechadas. O estudo foi realizado entre os meses de agosto a novembro de 2013. A análise dos resultados considerou a proposta de Bardin. Resultados: Constatou-se que o reiki melhora da qualidade de vida destes profissionais, equilibrando o físico, o mental, o emocional e o espiritual. Conclusão: Reflete a importância do profissional enfermeiro, dispor desta ferramenta de cuidado para tratar o usuário do serviço, atuando de forma integral.
A Class of Exact Solutions of the Boussinesq Equation for Horizontal and Sloping Aquifers
Authors: Bartlett M. S. , Porporato A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe nonlinear equation of Boussinesq (1877) is a foundational approach for studying groundwater flow through an unconfined aquifer, but solving the full nonlinear version of the Boussinesq equation remains a challenge. Here, we present an exact solution to the full nonlinear Boussinesq equation that not only applies to sloping aquifers but also accounts for source and sink terms such as bedrock seepage, an often significant flux in headwater catchments. This new solution captures the hysteretic relationship (a loop rating curve) between the groundwater flow rate and the water table height, which may be used to provide a more realistic representation of streamflow and groundwater dynamics in hillslopes. In addition, the solution provides an expression where the flow recession varies based on hillslope parameters such as bedrock slope, bedrock seepage, aquifer recharge, plant transpiration, and other factors that vary across landscape types.
A Top‐Down Strategy toward SnSb In‐Plane Nanoconfined 3D N‐Doped Porous Graphene Composite Microspheres for High Performance Na‐Ion Battery Anode
Authors: Qin Jian , Wang Tianshuai , Liu Dongye , Liu Enzuo , Zhao Naiqin , Shi Chunsheng , He Fang , Ma Liying , He Chunnian 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEngineering of 3D graphene/metal composites with ultrasmall sized metal and robust metal–graphene interfacial interaction for energy storage application is still a challenge and rarely reported. In this work, a facile top‐down strategy is developed for the preparation of SnSb‐in‐plane nanoconfined 3D N‐doped porous graphene networks for sodium ion battery anodes, which are composed of several tens of interconnected empty N‐graphene boxes in‐plane firmly embedded with ultrasmall SnSb nanocrystals. The all‐around encapsulation (plane‐to‐plane contact) architecture that provides a large interface between N‐graphene and SnSb nanocrystal not only effectively enhances the electron conductivity and structural integrity of the overall electrode, but also offers excess interfacial sodium storage, thus leading to much enhanced high‐rate sodium storage capacity and stability, which has been proven by both experimental results and first‐principles simulations. Moreover, this top‐down strategy can enable new paths to the low‐cost and high‐yield synthesis of 3D graphene/metal composites for applications in energy‐related fields and beyond.
Highly Efficient PVDF‐HFP/Colloidal Alumina Composite Separator for High‐Temperature Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ali Shamshad , Tan Chao , Waqas Muhammad , Lv Weiqiang , Wei Zhaohuan , Wu Songhao , Boateng Bismark , Liu Jingna , Ahmed Junaid , Xiong Jie , Goodenough John B. , He Weidong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractToward high‐temperature lithium‐ion batteries, adding inorganic materials are proposed as an effective strategy. However, inorganic particles tend to aggregate in the polymer matrix, causing degradation in battery performance. Here, a PVDF‐HFP/colloidal Al2O3 composite separator is prepared with a phase inverse method. The colloidal Al2O3 particles well dispersed in the PVDF‐HFP polymer matrix substantially enhance the mechanical strength of the PVDF‐HFP separator. The PVDF‐HFP/colloidal Al2O3 composite separator owns a high electrolyte uptake of 372%, a high ionic conductivity of 1.3 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 80 °C and delivers high capacity retention of 95.6% after 100 charge–discharge cycles at 0.5 C. In addition, PVDF‐HFP/colloidal Al2O3 separator only has a 4.5% thermal shrinkage at 150 °C and exhibits high electrochemical performances upon annealing at 140 °C.
Visible‐Light‐Promoted Decarboxylative Giese Reactions of α‐Aryl Ethenylphosphonates and the Application in the Synthesis of Fosmidomycin Analogue
Authors: Guo Ting , Zhang Li , Fang Yewen , Jin Xiaoping , Li Yan , Li Ruifeng , Li Xie , Cen Wu , Liu Xiaobo , Tian Zongming 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAn approach for the synthesis of α‐aryl alkylphosphonates based on visible‐light photocatalytic Giese reaction of α‐aryl vinylphosphonates with aliphatic carboxylic acids has been successfully developed. This protocol tolerates a wide range of functional groups and shows broad substrate scope with regard to both the carboxylic acid and vinylphosphonate components. With sequential Giese/hydrolysis reactions as the strategy, the oxo‐phosphonates could be easily accessible. The synthetic application of the hydroformylation reaction was demonstrated by the synthesis of the intermediate of α‐phenyl substituted fosmidomycin analogue. Furthermore, the competitive decarboxylative alkylation of vinylphosphonate and acrylate was also investigated.magnified image
A Heteroarylamine Library: Indium‐Catalyzed Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Alkoxyheteroarenes with Amines
Authors: Yonekura Kyohei , Yoshimura Yasuhiro , Akehi Mizuri , Tsuchimoto Teruhisa 
Published: January 2018

AbstractUnder indium Lewis acid catalysis, electron‐rich five‐membered heteroaryl electrophiles fused with/without a benzene ring were found to couple with amines to produce heteroarylamines with broad structural diversity. The heteroarylamine formation proceeds through the cleavage of a heteroaryl−OMe bond by the nucleophilic attack of the amine based on the nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) reaction. In contrast to the corresponding traditional SNAr amination, the present SNAr‐based heteroaryl amination can be performed without relying on both heteroaryl electrophiles with electron‐withdrawing groups and nucleophilicity‐enhanced metal amides. High compatibility towards the functional groups such as NO2, Br, I, CF3, CN, CO2Et, pyridyl, thiazolyl, C=C, and OH groups was observed, thus showing the practicality and reliability of this method. Mechanistic studies indicated that a carbon−indium bond is likely to be formed on the heteroaryl ring during the process.magnified image
Producer and farm characteristics, type of product, location: Determinants of on‐farm and off‐farm direct sales by farmers
Authors: Corsi Alessandro , Novelli Silvia , Pettenati Giacomo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDirect sales are a widespread and important typology of the so‐called alternative food networks. They can take two basic forms: consumers going to buy agricultural products at the farm (on‐farm sales) and farmers selling their products in urban areas. We investigate the territorial distribution of direct sales practices (on‐farm and off‐farm) in Piedmont (Italy) and we assess the main determinants of these choices via probit models, separately for on‐farm and off‐farm sales. The explanatory variables comprise structural characteristics of the farms, type of farming, characteristics of the operators and of their products, and the proximity to urban and commercial areas. The most important factor affecting these choices is the type of farming (TF). The effect of other variables differs according to the TF. Conditional on it, other significant variables are generally farm location, organic farming and, especially for on‐farm direct sales, the complementarity with agro‐tourism and recreational activities. Operators’ and farm characteristics are found to affect the choice of selling directly rather weakly. [EconLit citations: Q13, Q12, R12].
[18F]AV‐1451 clustering of entorhinal and cortical uptake in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Whitwell Jennifer L. , Graff‐Radford Jonathan , Tosakulwong Nirubol , Weigand Stephen D. , Machulda Mary , Senjem Matthew L. , Schwarz Christopher G. , Spychalla Anthony J. , Jones David T. , Drubach Daniel A. , Knopman David S. , Boeve Bradley F. , Ertekin‐Taner Nilüfer , Petersen Ronald C. , Lowe Val J. , Jack Clifford R. , Josephs Keith A. 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveTo use a cluster analysis of [18F]AV‐1451 tau‐PET data to determine how subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD) vary in the relative involvement of the entorhinal cortex and neocortex, and determine whether relative involvement of these two regions can help explain variability in age and clinical phenotype in AD.MethodsWe calculated [18F]AV‐1451 uptake in entorhinal cortex and neocortex in 62 amyloid‐positive AD patients (39 typical and 23 atypical presentation). tau‐PET (positron emission tomography) values were normalized to the cerebellum to create standard uptake value ratios (SUVRs). tau‐PET SUVRs were log‐transformed and clustered blinded to clinical information into three groups using K‐median cluster analysis. Demographics, clinical phenotype, cognitive performance, and apolipoprotein e4 frequency were compared across clusters.ResultsThe cluster analysis identified a cluster with low entorhinal and cortical uptake (ELo/CLo), one with low entorhinal but high cortical uptake (ELo/CHi), and one with high cortical and entorhinal uptake (EHi/CHi). Clinical phenotype differed across clusters, with typical AD most commonly observed in the ELo/CLo and EHi/CHi clusters, and atypical AD most commonly observed in the ELo/CHi cluster. The ELo/CLo cluster had an older age at PET and onset than the other clusters. Apolipoprotein e4 frequency was lower in the ELo/CHi cluster. The EHi/CHi cluster had the worst memory impairment, whereas the ELo/CHi cluster had the worst impairment in nonmemory domains.InterpretationThis study demonstrates considerable variability in [18F]AV‐1451 tau‐PET uptake in AD, but shows that a straightforward clustering based on entorhinal and cortical uptake maps well onto age and clinical presentation in AD. Ann Neurol 2018 Ann Neurol 2018;83:248–257
Design, synthesis, pharmacological evaluation and DNA interaction studies of binuclear Pt(II) complexes with pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine scaffold
Authors: Lunagariya Miral V. , Thakor Khyati P. , Waghela Bhargav N. , Pathak Chadramani , Patel Mohan N. 
Published: January 2018

Substituted pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine ligands were synthesized by cyclization, using 3‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐5‐amine with substituted enones (3‐phenyl‐1‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one) in presence of KOH and DMF as solvent to form cyclic aromatic compounds. The substituted pyrazolo[1,5‐a] pyrimidine based binuclear PtII complexes containing neutral tetradentated ligands have general formula [Pt2(5a–5f)Cl4], (where, (5a ‐5f) = pyrazolo[1,5‐a] pyrimidine ligand). This compounds were characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopic method like elemental analyses, UV‐Visible, FT‐IR, EDX, TGA, molar conductivity, magnetic susceptibility measurements, mass spectroscopy, 1H and 13C NMR method. The square planar geometry was predicted by electronic spectral study. All PtII compounds were evaluated by antimicrobial assay, in vitro brine shrimp assay, in vivo cellular level bioassay using S. Pombe cells and anti‐tuberculosis study. LC50 (50% lethal concentration) values of compounds are observed between 6.450 ‐ 102.07 μg/mL. UV‐vis absorption titration, competitive displacement assay, molecular docking and viscosity measurement were carried out to examine the binding type and binding strength of complexes. The binding studies suggest partial intercalative binding mode of the complexes and the observed binding constant (Kb) values are found in the order of 6d > 6b > 6c > 6a > 6e > 6 f. The anti‐proliferative cytotoxicity of the synthesized PtII complexes (6a‐6f) were tested against the HCT‐116 (Human Colorectal Carcinoma) cancer cell line.
Catalytic activity of nickel(II), copper(II) and oxovanadium(II)‐dihydroindolone complexes towards homogeneous oxidation reactions
Authors: Adam Mohamed Shaker S. 
Published: January 2018

Three novel paramagnetic metal complexes (MH2ID) of Ni2+, Cu2+ and VO2+ ions with 3‐hydroxy‐3,3’‐biindoline‐2,2’‐dione (dihydroindolone, H4ID) were synthesized and characterized by different spectroscopic methods. The ligand (H4ID) was synthesized via homocoupling reaction of isatin in presence of phenylalanine in methanol. Complexation of low valent Ni2+, Cu2+ ions and high valent VO2+ ions with H4ID carried out in 1: 2 molar ratios. A comparison in the catalytic potential of paramagnetic complexes of low and high valent metal ion was explored in the oxidation processes of cis‐cyclooctene, benzyl alcohol and thiophene by an aqueous H2O2, as a green terminal oxidant, in the presence and absence of acetonitrile, as an organic solvent, at 85 °C. NiH2ID, CuH2ID and VOH2ID show good catalytic activity, i.e. good chemo‐ and regioselectivity. VOH2ID has the highest catalytic potential compared to both Ni2+‐ and Cu2+‐species in the same homogenous aerobic atmosphere. Catalytic oxidation of other alkenes and alcohols was also studied using NiH2ID, CuH2ID or VOH2ID as a pre‐catalyst by an aqueous H2O2. A mechanistic pathway for those oxidation processes was proposed.
A New Fluorogenic Probe for the Detection of endo‐β‐N‐Acetylglucosaminidase
Authors: Ishii Nozomi , Sunaga Chie , Sano Kanae , Huang Chengcheng , Iino Kenta , Matsuzaki Yuji , Suzuki Tadashi , Matsuo Ichiro 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe developed a fluorescence‐quenching‐based assay system to determine the hydrolysis activity of endo‐β‐N‐acetylglucosaminidases (ENGases). The pentasaccharide derivative 1 was labeled with an N‐methylanthraniloyl group as a reporter dye at the non‐reducing end and with a 2,4‐dinitrophenyl group as a quencher molecule at the reducing end. This derivative is hydrolyzed by ENGase, resulting in an increase in fluorescence intensity. Thus, the fluorescence signal is directly proportional to the amount of the tetrasaccharide derivative, hence allowing ENGase activity to be evaluated easily and quantitatively. Using this system, we succeeded in measuring the hydrolysis activities of ENGases and thus the inhibitory activities of known inhibitors. We confirmed that this assay system is suitable for high‐throughput screening for potential inhibitors of human ENGase that might serve as therapeutic agents for the treatment of N‐glycanase 1 (NGLY1) deficiency.
Postharvest and postmilling changes in wheat grain and flour quality characteristics
Authors: Baik Byung‐Kee , Donelson Tom 
Published: January 2018

Background and objectivesSoft red winter (SRW) wheat grain immediately after harvest and flour after milling were stored for 26 weeks and analyzed for comprehensive milling and baking quality characteristics at different time points to examine the consistency of the quality test results.FindingsIncreases in falling number (FN) of grain during postharvest storage were observed for nine of ten varieties, in which FN ranged from 62 to 264 at 2 weeks after harvest and increased by 18–109 during storage for 21 weeks at 23°C. Wheat grain exhibited evident fluctuations in refined flour characteristics during the first 4 weeks of storage and then lesser changes with further storage. The storage time of grain did not significantly influence the milling yield, FN, and water SRC of refined flour. For refined flour during postmilling storage, storage time significantly affected all the flour characteristics, which showed evident fluctuations especially in the first 4 weeks of storage. The refined flour FNs of all four tested varieties increased from 373–405 to 377–417 during the first 8 weeks and then sharply to 427–474 with further storage for 26 weeks. Flour pH decreased slightly for the first 2 weeks after milling, was stable for the next 8 weeks, and then decreased again to 5.74–5.90 at 26 weeks. Small but steady decreases in both lactic acid SRC and SDS sedimentation volume were also observed for refined flour during storage. Postmilling storage induced relatively small changes in the solvent retention capacity and cookie diameter of flour.ConclusionsPostharvest and postmilling changes must be considered to achieve a reliable determination of the FN of wheat grain and flour, and pH, SDS sedimentation volume, and lactic SRC of flour. A storage time of 4 weeks would reduce the variation in wheat grain and flour quality test results, allowing reliable and reproducible evaluation.Significance and noveltyThe FN of both wheat grain and flour significantly increases during postharvest and postmilling storages. The pH and protein strength of flour show small decreases during postmilling storage with even smaller changes in water retaining capacity and cookie‐baking quality.