bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in the use of advanced imaging at the time of breast cancer diagnosis in a statewide registry
Authors: Henry N. Lynn , Braun Thomas M. , Breslin Tara M. , Gorski David H. , Silver Samuel M. , Griggs Jennifer J. 
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUNDAlthough national guidelines do not recommend extent of disease imaging for patients with newly diagnosed early stage breast cancer given that the harm outweighs the benefits, high rates of testing have been documented. The 2012 Choosing Wisely guidelines specifically addressed this issue. We examined the change over time in imaging use across a statewide collaborative, as well as the reasons for performing imaging and the impact on cost of care.METHODSClinicopathologic data and use of advanced imaging tests (positron emission tomography, computed tomography, and bone scan) were abstracted from the medical records of patients treated at 25 participating sites in the Michigan Breast Oncology Quality Initiative (MiBOQI). For patients diagnosed in 2014 and 2015, reasons for testing were abstracted from the medical record.RESULTSOf the 34,078 patients diagnosed with stage 0‐II breast cancer between 2008 and 2015 in MiBOQI, 6853 (20.1%) underwent testing with at least 1 imaging modality in the 90 days after diagnosis. There was considerable variability in rates of testing across the 25 sites for all stages of disease. Between 2008 and 2015, testing decreased over time for patients with stage 0‐IIA disease (all P < .001) and remained stable for stage IIB disease (P = .10). This decrease in testing over time resulted in a cost savings, especially for patients with stage I disease.CONCLUSIONUse of advanced imaging at the time of diagnosis decreased over time in a large statewide collaborative. Additional interventions are warranted to further reduce rates of unnecessary imaging to improve quality of care for patients with breast cancer. Cancer 2017;123:2975–83. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
The related neuronal endosomal proteins NEEP21 (Nsg1) and P19 (Nsg2) have divergent expression profiles in vivo
Authors: Barford Kelly , Yap Chan Choo , Dwyer Noelle D. , Winckler Bettina 
Published: March 2017

AbstractEndosomal maturation and transport constitutes a complex trafficking system present in all cell types. Neurons have adapted their endosomal system to meet their unique and complex needs. These adaptations include repurposing existing proteins to diversify endocytosis and trafficking, as well as preferential expression of certain regulators more highly in neurons than other cell types. These neuronal regulators include the family of Neuron‐Specific Gene family members (Nsg), NEEP21 (Nsg1), and P19 (Nsg2). NEEP21/Nsg1 plays a role in the trafficking of multiple receptors, including the cell adhesion molecule L1/NgCAM, the neurotransmitter receptor GluA2, and β‐APP. Recently, we showed that NEEP2/Nsg1 and P19/Nsg2 are not expressed in all neuronal cell types in vitro. However, it is not known where and when NEEP21/Nsg1 and P19/Nsg2 are expressed in vivo, and whether both proteins are always coexpressed. Here, we show that NEEP21/Nsg1 and P19/Nsg2 are present in both overlapping and distinct cell populations in the hippocampus, neocortex, and cerebellum during development. NEEP21/Nsg1 and P19/Nsg2 levels are highest during embryonic development, and expression persists in the juvenile mouse brain. In particular, a subset of layer V cortical neurons retains relatively high expression of both NEEP21/Nsg1 and P19/Nsg2 at postnatal day 16 as well as in the CA1‐3 regions of the hippocampus. In the cerebellum, NEEP21/Nsg1 expression becomes largely restricted to Purkinje neurons in adulthood whereas P19/Nsg2 expression strikingly disappears from the cerebellum with age. This divergent and restricted expression likely reflects differential needs for this class of trafficking regulators in different neurons during different stages of maturation.
Glucose‐Triggered Insulin Release from Fe3+‐Cross‐linked Alginate Hydrogel: Experimental Study and Theoretical Modeling
Authors: Scheja Sabrina , Domanskyi Sergii , Gamella Maria , Wormwood Kelly L. , Darie Costel C. , Poghossian Arshak , Schöning Michael J. , Melman Artem , Privman Vladimir , Katz Evgeny 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe study the mechanisms involved in the release, triggered by the application of glucose, of insulin entrapped in Fe3+‐cross‐linked alginate hydrogel particles further stabilized with a polyelectrolyte. Platelet‐shaped alginate particles are synthesized containing enzyme glucose oxidase conjugated with silica nanoparticles, which are also entrapped in the hydrogel. Glucose diffuses in from solution, and production of hydrogen peroxide is catalyzed by the enzyme within the hydrogel. We argue that, specifically for the Fe3+‐cross‐linked systems, the produced hydrogen peroxide is further converted to free radicals via a Fenton‐type reaction catalyzed by the iron cations. The activity of free radicals, as well as the reduction of Fe3+by the enzyme, and other mechanisms contribute to the decrease in density of the hydrogel. As a result, while the particles remain intact, void sizes increase and release of insulin ensues and is followed experimentally. A theoretical description of the involved processes is proposed and utilized to fit the data. It is then used to study the long‐time properties of the release process that offers a model for designing new drug‐release systems.
Functioning of Circuits Connecting Thalamus and Cortex
Authors: Sherman S. Murray 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTGlutamatergic pathways in thalamus and cortex are divided into two distinct classes: driver, which carries the main information between cells, and modulator, which modifies how driver inputs function. Identifying driver inputs helps to reveal functional computational circuits, and one set of such circuits identified by this approach are cortico‐thalamo‐cortical (or transthalamic corticocortical) circuits. This, in turn, leads to the conclusion that there are two types of thalamic relay: first order nuclei (such as the lateral geniculate nucleus) that relay driver input from a subcortical source (i.e., retina), and higher order nuclei (such as the pulvinar) which are involved in these transthalamic pathways by relaying driver input from layer 5 of one cortical area to another. This thalamic division is also seen in other sensory pathways and beyond these so that most of thalamus by volume consists of higher‐order relays. Many, and perhaps all, direct driver connections between cortical areas are paralleled by an indirect cortico‐thalamo‐cortical (transthalamic) driver route involving higher order thalamic relays. Such thalamic relays represent a heretofore unappreciated role in cortical functioning, and this assessment challenges and extends conventional views regarding both the role of thalamus and mechanisms of corticocortical communication. Finally, many and perhaps the vast majority of driver inputs relayed through thalamus arrive via branching axons, with extrathalamic targets often being subcortical motor centers. This raises the possibility that inputs relayed by thalamus to cortex also serve as efference copies, and this may represent an important feature of information relayed up the cortical hierarchy via transthalamic circuits. © 2017 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol7:713‐739, 2017.
Prevalence of eating disorders and picking/nibbling in elderly women
Authors: Conceição Eva M. , Gomes Fabiana V. S. , Vaz Ana R. , Pinto‐Bastos Ana , Machado Paulo P. P. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the point prevalence of eating disorders and picking/nibbling in elderly women.MethodsThis was a two‐stage epidemiological study that assessed 342 women aged 65–94 years old. In Stage 1, the following screening measures were used to identify possible cases: the Mini‐Mental State Examination, to screen and exclude patients with cognitive impairment; Weight Concerns Scale; SCOFF (Sick, Control, One, Fat, Food) Questionnaire; Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire—dietary restraint subscale; and three questions to screen for picking/nibbling and night eating syndrome. Women selected for Stage 2 (n = 118) were interviewed using the diagnostic items of the Eating Disorder Examination.ResultsAccording to the DSM‐5, the prevalence of all eating disorders was 3.25% (1.83–5.7, 95% C.I.). Prevalence of binge‐eating disorder was 1.68% (0.82–3.82, 95% C.I.), of other specified feeding or eating disorders was 1.48% (0.63–3.42, 95% C.I.), and of bulimia nervosa 0.3% (.05–1.7, 95% C.I.)]. Binge‐eating episodes were reported by 5.62% of women. No cases of anorexia nervosa or night eating syndrome were identified. The prevalence of picking/nibbling was 18.9%. Picking/nibbling was associated with increased body mass index (t(322) = −3.28, p < .001) and binge‐eating episodes (χ2(1) = 5.65, p < .017).DiscussionPrevalence rates of eating disorders on elderly Portuguese women were comparable to those found on young women. Our data support the literature that suggests that binge‐eating disorder is particularly prevalent in older adults. Picking/nibbling was the most prevalent eating behavior and we provide further evidence for its association with weight and disordered eating.
Predicting aquatic invasion in Adirondack lakes: a spatial analysis of lake and landscape characteristics
Authors: Shaker Richard R. , Yakubov Artur D. , Nick Stephanie M. , Vennie‐Vollrath Erin , Ehlinger Timothy J. , Wayne Forsythe K. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractInvasive species continue to pose major challenges for managing coupled human–environmental systems. Predictive tools are essential to maximize invasion monitoring and conservation efforts in regions reliant on abundant freshwater resources to sustain economic welfare, social equity, and ecological services. Past studies have revealed biotic and abiotic heterogeneity, along with human activity, can account for much of the spatial variability of aquatic invaders; however, improvements remain. This study was created to (1) examine the distribution of aquatic invasive species richness (AISR) across 126 lakes in the Adirondack Region of New York; (2) develop and compare global and local models between lake and landscape characteristics and AISR; and (3) use geographically weighted regression (GWR) to evaluate non‐stationarity of local relationships, and assess its use for prioritizing lakes at risk to invasion. The evaluation index, AISR, was calculated by summing the following potential aquatic invaders for each lake: Asian Clam (Corbicula fluminea), Brittle Naiad (Najas minor), Curly‐leaf Pondweed (Potamogeton crispus), Eurasian Watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum), European Frog‐bit (Hydrocharis morsus‐ranae), Fanwort (Cabomba caroliniana), Spiny Waterflea (Bythotrephes longimanus), Variable‐leaf Milfoil (Myriophyllum heterophyllum), Water Chestnut (Trapa natans), Yellow Floating Heart (Nymphoides peltata), and Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha). The Getis‐Ord Gi* statistic displayed significant spatial hot and cold spots of AISR across Adirondack lakes. Spearman's rank (ρ) correlation coefficient test (rs) revealed urban land cover composition, lake elevation, relative patch richness, and abundance of game fish were the strongest predictors of aquatic invasion. Five multiple regression global Poisson and GWR models were made, with GWR fitting AISR very well (R2 = 76–83%). Local pseudo‐t‐statistics of key explanatory variables were mapped and related to AISR, confirming the importance of GWR for understanding spatial relationships of invasion. The top 20 lakes at risk to future invasion were identified and ranked by summing the five GWR predictive estimates. The results inform that inexpensive and publicly accessible lake and landscape data, typically available from digital repositories within local environmental agencies, can be used to develop predictions of aquatic invasion with remarkable agreement. Ultimately, this transferable modeling approach can improve monitoring and management strategies for slowing the spread of invading species.
An applied framework to assess exploitation and guide management of coral‐reef fisheries
Authors: Houk Peter , Tilfas Ronny , Luckymis Marston , Nedlic Osamu , Ned Bruno , Cuetos‐Bueno Javier , McLean Matthew 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCoral‐reef fisheries pose a problem for traditional forms of management because stock assessments and demographic data are limited in diverse systems. We used catch records coupled with fisher interviews to derive hierarchical indicators of fishery status by (1) characterizing catch‐and‐effort trends with respect to environmental factors, (2) assessing the degree to which biomass‐and‐abundance distributions were coupled across trophic levels, and (3) identifying key characteristics of species‐based landings that were sensitive to fishing pressure and linked with management guidance. Using data across one year from a representative Pacific Island fishery, we show that catch and effort were constrained by environments, as both were disproportionally highest during favorable new moon phases in spring, but more effort was required to catch fewer fish later in the year, and the size of target species declined. The magnitude of constrained catch success provided an initial indication of status that could be compared spatially and temporally. Second, biomass‐and‐abundance distributions were examined within dominant fish families. Large‐bodied species contributed most to biomass in low trophic positions, but small‐bodied counterparts were more abundant, following expected observations from systems with less human influence. However, biomass‐and‐abundance distributions became coupled for invertivores and predators, as small species and individuals were most represented. The shape and fit of regressions between asymptotic lengths and proportional landings identified drivers of coupled distributions. Polynomial fits highlighted that smaller‐bodied species were main components of the fishery, while linear fits suggested that larger‐bodied species were still dominant, and tolerant of current fishing pressure. Last, two indicators were used to identify management objectives for target fishes, skewness of size distributions and proportional contributions to landings. Significantly skewed size distributions existed for most target fishes, suggesting high density dependence and recruitment, and the potential for size‐based polices to achieve desirable fishery objectives. Meanwhile, the diminished and constrained contribution of many large species indicated their vulnerability despite non‐significant shifts in size. Catch quotas, gear limitations, or temporary restrictions may be more appropriate for sustaining these species. A framework is synthesized to interact with stakeholders and consider holistic management approaches for multispecies coral‐reef fisheries.
Comparison of fatty acid profiles of dried and raw by‐products from cultured and wild fishes
Authors: Rincón‐Cervera Miguel Ángel , Villarreal‐Rubio María Beatriz , Valenzuela Rodrigo , Valenzuela Alfonso 
Published: March 2017

Fish by‐products may become alternative sources of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). However, due to the high enzymatic activity in these biological tissues, special care must be taken to prevent lipid oxidation and hydrolysis. In this work, several by‐products from Chilean fishes (farmed salmon and wild red cusk‐eel and yellowtail kingfish) were dried at 105°C for 3 h to remove water and inactivate enzymes. The effect of temperature on EPA and DHA levels was assessed by comparing fatty acid profiles of raw and dried by‐products. Drying at 105°C for 3 h was considered an adequate process to obtain dried powders from fish by‐products with appreciable amounts of EPA and DHA, even though EPA and DHA values showed a certain decrease after drying. Several methodologies involving food‐grade solvents were checked to evaluate their suitability for lipid extraction from dried by‐products, being Soxhlet extraction with n‐hexane identified as the most suitable process in terms of extraction yield and EPA/DHA values. Cholesterol amount was also studied, being the highest and lowest amounts found in liver and viscera from farmed salmon, respectively.Practical applications: In fish processing plants, raw by‐products are collected after fish evisceration, and they can be transported to oil extraction facilities, although their lipids may be easily degraded unless special precautions are taken to preserve such biomass. Raw fish by‐products must be subjected to water removal and enzyme inactivation to prevent lipid degradation and hydrolysis, and it is desirable that such actions are carried out in the processing plants themselves to ensure the maximum oil quality. Drying at 105°C for a short time (3 h) was assayed in this work because of its simplicity, low cost, scalability, and feasibility to be installed in fish processing plants. Soxhlet procedure with n‐hexane is effective to extract lipids containing EPA and DHA from dried by‐products for nutritional or nutraceutical purposes. Because of water removal, lipid extraction efficiency from dried by‐products is enhanced and less solvent is needed, which is economically and environmentally desirable.Raw by‐products from cultured and wild fishes are dried at 105°C for 3 h and fatty acid profiles are compared between raw and dried by‐products to assess the potential decreasing effect of temperature on the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially EPA and DHA. Different lipid extractions using solvents are also compared to check their influence on fatty acid profiles. Additionally, cholesterol amount is quantified in the lipid fraction extracted from dried fish by‐products.
Multiscale Reactor Network Simulation of an Entrained Flow Biomass Gasifier: Model Description and Validation
Authors: Andersson Jim , Umeki Kentaro , Furusjö Erik , Kirtania Kawnish , Weiland Fredrik 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis paper describes the development of a multiscale equivalent reactor network model for pressurized entrained flow biomass gasification to quantify the effect of operational parameters on the gasification process, including carbon conversion, cold gas efficiency, and syngas methane content. The model, implemented in the commercial software Aspen Plus, includes chemical kinetics as well as heat and mass transfer. Characteristic aspects of the model are the multiscale effect caused by the combination of transport phenomena at particle scale during heating, pyrolysis, and char burnout, as well as the effect of macroscopic gas flow, including gas recirculation. A validation using experimental data from a pilot‐scale process shows that the model can provide accurate estimations of carbon conversion, concentrations of main syngas components, and cold gas efficiency over a wide range of oxygen‐to‐biomass ratios and reactor loads. The syngas methane content was most difficult to estimate accurately owing to the unavailability of accurate kinetic parameters for steam methane reforming.
Potential wind erosion rate response to climate and land‐use changes in the watershed of the Ningxia–Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River, China, 1986–2013
Authors: Du Heqiang , Wang Tao , Xue Xian 
Published: March 2017

AbstractClimate and land‐use changes could strongly affect wind erosion and in turn cause a series of environmental problems. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess potential wind erosion rate (PWER) response to climate and land‐use changes in the watershed of the Ningxia–Inner Mongolia Reach of the Yellow River (NIMRYR), China. The watershed of NIMRYR suffers from serious wind erosion hazards, and over recent decades, wind erosion intensity and distribution has changed, following climate and land‐use changes. To understand these processes in the NIMRYR watershed, the Integrated Wind Erosion Modelling System (IWEMS) and the Revised Wind Erosion Equation (RWEQ) were used to calculate the PWER under different climate conditions and land‐use scenarios, and to assess the influences of climate and land‐use changes on the PWER. The results show the PWER in the whole watershed had a significant declining trend from 1986 to 2013. The results of the relationship among PWER, climate change, and land‐use changes showed that climate change was the dominant control on the PWER change in this watershed. Compared to the period 1986–1995, the average PWER decreased 23.32% and 64.98% as a result of climate change in the periods 1996–2005 and 2006–2013, respectively. In contrast with climate change, the effects of land‐use changes on the average PWER were much lower, and represented a change in PWER of less than 3.3% across the whole watershed. The study method we used could provide some valuable reference for wind erosion modelling, and the research results should help climate and land‐use researchers to develop strategies to reduce wind erosion. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Climate‐invariant area–slope relations in channel heads initiated by surface runoff
Authors: Garrett Krista K. , Wohl Ellen E. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe use a dataset of 38 field‐mapped channel heads from a semi‐arid environment in western Colorado to examine relationships between contributing drainage area (A) and local hillslope gradient (θ) in relation to dominant process of initiation (surface runoff versus subsurface flow). Channel heads resulting primarily from subsurface flow have significantly greater values of A, longer basin lengths, and shallower local gradients than channel heads resulting primarily from surface runoff. We also compare the data from western Colorado to six analogous datasets from more humid regions in other portions of the United States and in southeast Australia. Comparison of the confidence intervals for the exponent values of A–θ regression lines reveals that the confidence intervals for the exponent of western Colorado channel heads with both surface and subsurface flow overlap with the confidence intervals for the exponent of all other datasets. This suggests that A–θ relationships do not differ significantly between diverse geographic locations. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling and forecasting realized volatility in German–Austrian continuous intraday electricity prices
Authors: Ciarreta Aitor , Muniain Peru , Zarraga Ainhoa 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis paper uses high‐frequency continuous intraday electricity price data from the EPEX market to estimate and forecast realized volatility. Three different jump tests are used to break down the variation into jump and continuous components using quadratic variation theory. Several heterogeneous autoregressive models are then estimated for the logarithmic and standard deviation transformations. Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) structures are included in the error terms of the models when evidence of conditional heteroskedasticity is found. Model selection is based on various out‐of‐sample criteria. Results show that decomposition of realized volatility is important for forecasting and that the decision whether to include GARCH‐type innovations might depend on the transformation selected. Finally, results are sensitive to the jump test used in the case of the standard deviation transformation.