bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Steady shear rheology of a viscous emulsion in the presence of finite inertia at moderate volume fractions: sign reversal of normal stress differences
Authors: Srivastava Priyesh , Malipeddi Abhilash Reddy , Sarkar Kausik 
Published: September 2016

The shear rheology of an emulsion of viscous drops in the presence of finite inertia is investigated using direct numerical simulation. In the absence of inertia, emulsions display a non-Newtonian rheology with positive first and negative second normal stress differences. However, recently it was discovered that a small amount of drop-level inertia alters their signs – the first normal stress difference becomes negative and the second one becomes positive, each in a small range of capillary numbers (Li & Sarkar,J. Rheol., vol. 49, 2005, pp. 1377–1394). Sign reversal was shown numerically and analytically, but only in the limit of a dilute emulsion where drop–drop interactions were neglected. Here, we compute the rheology of a density- and viscosity-matched emulsion, accounting for the interactions in the volume fraction range of 5 %–27 % and Reynolds number range of 0.1–10. The computed rheological properties (effective shear viscosity and first and second normal stress differences) in the Stokes limit match well with previous theoretical (Choi–Schowalter in the dilute limit) and simulated results (for concentrated systems) using the boundary element method. The two distinct components of the rheology arising from the interfacial stresses at the drop surface and the perturbative Reynolds stresses are investigated as functions of the drop Reynolds number, capillary number and volume fraction. The sign change is caused by the increasing drop inclination in the presence of inertia, which in turn directly affects the interfacial stresses. Increase of the volume fraction or capillary number increases the critical Reynolds number for sign reversals due to enhanced alignment of the drops with the flow directions. The effect of increasing the volume fraction on the rheology is explained by relating it to interactions and specifically to the contact pair-distribution function computed from the simulation. The excess stresses are seen to show an approximately linear behaviour with the Reynolds number in the range of 0.1–5, while with the capillary number and volume fraction, the variation is weakly quadratic.
Meningococcal carriage in children and young adults in the Philippines: a single group, cross-sectional study
Authors: GONZALES M. L. A. , BIANCO V. , VYSE A. 
Published: September 2016

SUMMARYThis cross-sectional prevalence study investigates meningococcal carriage for the first time in a Southeast Asian population. Posterior pharyngeal swabs were collected between August 2013 and March 2014 from 937 healthy Filipinos aged 5–24 years attending school or university in Manila. Of these, 35 were found to be carriers giving an overall carriage prevalence of 3·7% [95% confidence interval (CI) 2·6–5·2]. Carriage was associated with age (P < 0·001) and was highest (9·0%, 95% CI 5·5–13·8) in subjects aged 10–14 years, but was comparatively low (<3%) in all other age groups considered. This suggests that an immunization programme in the Philippines designed to reduce carriage acquisition and induce herd immunity may require a vaccine dose before the age of 10 years. Serogroup B was most commonly carried (65·7%, 95% CI 47·8–80·9), with a small number of carriers for serogroups C, Y and W also present. Two individuals (5·7%, 95% CI 0·7–19·2) who were simultaneously carrying multiple serogroups were identified. This exploratory study provides valuable insight into the asymptomatic carriage of Neisseria meningitidis in a healthy subset of the Filipino population and illustrates the importance of generating local carriage data.
Emotions, speech, and the art of politics in fifteenth-century York:House Books, mystery plays and Richard duke of Gloucester
Authors: REES JONES SARAH 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT:The YorkHouse Booksprovide much-cited evidence of Richard III's relationship with the City of York in 1485, yet the nature and purpose of theHouse Bookshas never been satisfactorily explored. Through a focus on the records of a single year (1476–77), this article places their development within the context of new forms of civic bureaucracy in England and France in which the recording of emotions and speech had particular rhetorical and political significance in the reign of Edward IV. This expanding culture of civic literacy led not only to the creation of fuller records of civic politics and events (including the surviving texts of the Corpus Christi drama), but also enabled new forms of political activity.
Observations on obesity patterns in tetralogy of Fallot patients from childhood to adulthood
Authors: Briston David A. , Sabanayagam Aarthi , Zaidi Ali N. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObesity is increasingly prevalent, and abnormal body mass index is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. There are limited data published regarding body mass index and CHD. We tested the hypothesis that body mass index and obesity prevalence are increasing in patients with tetralogy of Fallot over time by analysing time since surgery, age, height, weight, and body mass index among tetralogy of Fallot patients and demographic data from age-matched controls. NYHA class and left ventricular ejection fraction were analysed in adults. Body mass index was categorised into normal, overweight, and obese in this single-centre, retrospective chart review. Data were collected from 137 tetralogy of Fallot patients (71 men:66 women), of whom 40 had body mass index >25 kg/m2. Tetralogy of Fallot patients aged <6 years had lower body mass index (15.9 versus 17.1; p=0.042) until 16–20 years of age (27.4 versus 25.4; p=0.43). For adult tetralogy of Fallot patients, the mean body mass index was 26.5 but not statistically significantly different from the control cohort. Obese adult patients had significantly higher average NYHA class compared with those of normal weight (p=0.03), but no differences in left ventricular ejection fraction by echocardiography (p=0.55) or cardiac MRI (p=0.26) were noted. Lower body mass index was observed initially in tetralogy of Fallot patients, but by late adolescence no significant difference was observed. As adults, tetralogy of Fallot patients with higher body mass index had increased NYHA class but similar left ventricular ejection fraction.
Aerobic Exercise Improves Mood, Cognition, and Language Function in Parkinson’s Disease: Results of a Controlled Study
Authors: Altmann Lori J.P. , Stegemöller Elizabeth , Hazamy Audrey A. , Wilson Jonathan P. , Bowers Dawn , Okun Michael S. , Hass Chris J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectives: Parkinson’s disease (PD) results in a range of non-motor deficits that can affect mood, cognition, and language, and many of these issues are unresponsive to pharmacological intervention. Aerobic exercise can improve mood and cognition in healthy older adults, although only a few studies have examined exercise effects on these domains in PD. The current study assesses the effects of aerobic exercise on aspects of cognition, mood, and language production in people with PD. Methods: This study compares the effects of aerobic exercise to stretch-balance training and a no-contact control group in participants with idiopathic PD. The aerobic and stretch-balance groups trained three times a week for 16 weeks, while controls continued normal activities. Outcome measures included disease severity, mood, cognition (speed of processing, memory, and executive function), and language production (picture descriptions). Cognition and language were assessed in single and dual task conditions. Results: Depressive symptoms increased only in the control group (p<.02). Executive function improved in the aerobic exercise group only in the single task (p=.007) and declined in controls in the dual task. Completeness of picture descriptions improved significantly more in the aerobic group than in the stretch-balance group (p<.02). Conclusions: Aerobic exercise is a viable intervention for PD that can be protective against increased depressive symptoms, and can improve several non-motor domains, including executive dysfunction and related aspects of language production. (JINS, 2016, 22, 878–889)
BMI-specific associations between health-related behaviours and overweight – a longitudinal study among Norwegian adolescents
Authors: Oellingrath Inger M , Svendsen Martin V 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate BMI-specific associations between health-related behaviours in early adolescence and the likelihood of overweight in mid-adolescence in a sample of Norwegian adolescents.DesignLongitudinal study of 393 adolescents recruited from schools in Telemark County, Norway. Parents reported baseline data on children’s behavioural variables and background data (at age 12–13 years). Dietary data were reported by means of a retrospective FFQ. Eating patterns were identified using principal component analysis. Height and weight were measured at baseline and 3-year follow-up. BMI-specific differences in health-related behaviours (eating patterns, physical activity and screen time) at baseline were analysed using cross-tabulation and Pearson’s χ2 test (Fisher’s test). Associations between early health-related behaviours and the likelihood of later overweight were examined using multiple logistic regression.SettingPrimary and secondary schools, Telemark, Norway.SubjectsChildren (n 393) in 7th grade (mean age 12·7 (sd 0·3) years), followed up in 10th grade, and parents.ResultsA moderate to high intake of a varied Norwegian eating pattern combined with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity ≥1 h/d in the 7th grade were associated with a reduced likelihood of being overweight in the 10th grade, but only among already overweight adolescents (adjusted OR=0·2; 95 % CI 0·1, 1·0). Screen time of >3 h/d in the 7th grade was associated with an increased likelihood of subsequent overweight only among adolescents with an initial normal weight (adjusted OR=2·8; 95 % CI 1·1, 7·3).ConclusionsBMI-specific associations were observed between health-related behaviours in early adolescence and the likelihood of being overweight in mid-adolescence.
Electron Microscopy Findings inN-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea-Induced Mammary Tumors
Authors: Faustino-Rocha Ana I. , Calado Ana M. , Gama Adelina , Ferreira Rita , Ginja Mário , Oliveira Paula A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAlthough the rat model of mammary tumors chemically induced byN-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) has been frequently used by several research teams, there is a lack of ultrastructural studies in this field. The main aim of this work was to perform an ultrastructural characterization of MNU-induced mammary tumors in female rats. Some alterations previously reported in human mammary tumors, such as nucleus size and shape, accumulation of heterochromatin in the perinuclear region, and interdigitating cytoplasmic processes between cancer cells were also observed in MNU-induced mammary tumors. Although a low number of samples were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy in the present study, we consider that it may contribute to a better understanding of MNU-induced mammary carcinogenesis in a rat model. The ultrastructural characteristics of the two most frequently diagnosed mammary carcinomas described in the present work can be useful to differentiate them from other histological patterns. In addition, the loss of cytoplasm in neoplastic cells and formation of vacuoles were described.
Optimal strategies for a non-linear premium-reserve model in a competitive insurance market
Authors: Pantelous Athanasios A. , Passalidou Eudokia 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe calculation of a fair premium is always a challenging topic in the real-world insurance applications. In this paper, a non-linear premium-reserve (P-R) model is presented and the premium is derived by minimising a quadratic performance criterion. The reserve is a stochastic equation, which includes an additive random non-linear function of the state, premium and not necessarily Gaussian noise, which is, however, independently distributed in time, provided only that the mean value and the covariance of the random function is 0 and a quadratic function of the state, premium and other parameters, respectively. In this quadratic representation of the covariance function, new parameters are implemented and enriched further by the previous linear models, such as the income insurance elasticity of demand, the number of insured and the inflation in addition to the company’s reputation. The quadratic utility function concerns the present value of the reserve. Interestingly, for the very first time, the derived optimal premium in a competitive market environment is also dependent on the company’s reserve among the other parameters. Finally, a numerical application illustrates the main findings of the paper.
miR-150 exerts antileukemia activity in vitro and in vivo through regulating genes in multiple pathways
Authors: Fang Zhi Hong , Wang Si Li , Zhao Jin Tao , Lin Zhi Juan , Chen Lin Yan , Su Rui , Xie Si Ting , Carter Bing Z , Xu Bing 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMicroRNAs, a class of small noncoding RNAs, have been implicated to regulate gene expression in virtually all important biological processes. Although accumulating evidence demonstrates that miR-150, an important regulator in hematopoiesis, is deregulated in various types of hematopoietic malignancies, the precise mechanisms of miR-150 action are largely unknown. In this study, we found that miR-150 is downregulated in samples from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, and chronic myeloid leukemia, and normalized after patients achieved complete remission. Restoration of miR-150 markedly inhibited growth and induced apoptosis of leukemia cells, and reduced tumorigenicity in a xenograft leukemia murine model. Microarray analysis identified multiple novel targets of miR-150, which were validated by quantitative real-time PCR and luciferase reporter assay. Gene ontology and pathway analysis illustrated potential roles of these targets in small-molecule metabolism, transcriptional regulation, RNA metabolism, proteoglycan synthesis in cancer, mTOR signaling pathway, or Wnt signaling pathway. Interestingly, knockdown one of four miR-150 targets (EIF4B, FOXO4B, PRKCA, and TET3) showed an antileukemia activity similar to that of miR-150 restoration. Collectively, our study demonstrates that miR-150 functions as a tumor suppressor through multiple mechanisms in human leukemia and provides a rationale for utilizing miR-150 as a novel therapeutic agent for leukemia treatment.
Fragment-based discovery of a new family of non-peptidic small-molecule cyclophilin inhibitors with potent antiviral activities
Authors: Ahmed-Belkacem Abdelhakim , Colliandre Lionel , Ahnou Nazim , Nevers Quentin , Gelin Muriel , Bessin Yannick , Brillet Rozenn , Cala Olivier , Douguet Dominique , Bourguet William , Krimm Isabelle , Pawlotsky Jean-Michel , Guichou Jean- François 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCyclophilins are peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerases (PPIase) that catalyse the interconversion of the peptide bond at proline residues. Several cyclophilins play a pivotal role in the life cycle of a number of viruses. The existing cyclophilin inhibitors, all derived from cyclosporine A or sanglifehrin A, have disadvantages, including their size, potential for side effects unrelated to cyclophilin inhibition and drug–drug interactions, unclear antiviral spectrum and manufacturing issues. Here we use a fragment-based drug discovery approach using nucleic magnetic resonance, X-ray crystallography and structure-based compound optimization to generate a new family of non-peptidic, small-molecule cyclophilin inhibitors with potent in vitro PPIase inhibitory activity and antiviral activity against hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus and coronaviruses. This family of compounds has the potential for broad-spectrum, high-barrier-to-resistance treatment of viral infections.
Palmitoyl acyltransferase DHHC21 mediates endothelial dysfunction in systemic inflammatory response syndrome
Authors: Beard Richard S. , Yang Xiaoyuan , Meegan Jamie E. , Overstreet Jonathan W. , Yang Clement G.Y. , Elliott John A. , Reynolds Jason J. , Cha Byeong J. , Pivetti Christopher D. , Mitchell David A. , Wu Mack H. , Deschenes Robert J. , Yuan Sarah Y. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEndothelial dysfunction is a hallmark of systemic inflammatory response underlying multiple organ failure. Here we report a novel function of DHHC-containing palmitoyl acyltransferases (PATs) in mediating endothelial inflammation. Pharmacological inhibition of PATs attenuates barrier leakage and leucocyte adhesion induced by endothelial junction hyperpermeability and ICAM-1 expression during inflammation. Among 11 DHHCs detected in vascular endothelium, DHHC21 is required for barrier response. Mice with DHHC21 function deficiency (Zdhhc21dep/dep) exhibit marked resistance to injury, characterized by reduced plasma leakage, decreased leucocyte adhesion and ameliorated lung pathology, culminating in improved survival. Endothelial cells from Zdhhc21dep/dep display blunted barrier dysfunction and leucocyte adhesion, whereas leucocytes from these mice did not show altered adhesiveness. Furthermore, inflammation enhances PLCβ1 palmitoylation and signalling activity, effects significantly reduced in Zdhhc21dep/dep and rescued by DHHC21 overexpression. Likewise, overexpression of wild-type, not mutant, PLCβ1 augments barrier dysfunction. Altogether, these data suggest the involvement of DHHC21-mediated PLCβ1 palmitoylation in endothelial inflammation.
Representational changes of latent strategies in rat medial prefrontal cortex precede changes in behaviour
Authors: Powell Nathaniel James , Redish A. David 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe ability to change behavioural strategies in the face of a changing world has been linked to the integrity of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) function in several species. While recording studies have found that mPFC representations reflect the strategy being used, lesion studies suggest that mPFC is necessary for changing strategy. Here we examine the relationship between representational changes in mPFC and behavioural strategy changes in the rat. We found that on tasks with a forced change in reward criterion, strategy-related representational transitions in mPFC occurred after animals learned that the reward contingency had changed, but before their behaviour changed. On tasks in which animals made their own strategic decisions, representational transitions in mPFC preceded changes in behaviour. These results suggest that mPFC does not merely reflect the action–selection policy of the animal, but rather that mPFC processes information related to a need for a change in strategy.
Adaptive radiation by waves of gene transfer leads to fine-scale resource partitioning in marine microbes
Authors: Hehemann Jan-Hendrik , Arevalo Philip , Datta Manoshi S. , Yu Xiaoqian , Corzett Christopher H. , Henschel Andreas , Preheim Sarah P. , Timberlake Sonia , Alm Eric J. , Polz Martin F. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAdaptive radiations are important drivers of niche filling, since they rapidly adapt a single clade of organisms to ecological opportunities. Although thought to be common for animals and plants, adaptive radiations have remained difficult to document for microbes in the wild. Here we describe a recent adaptive radiation leading to fine-scale ecophysiological differentiation in the degradation of an algal glycan in a clade of closely related marine bacteria. Horizontal gene transfer is the primary driver in the diversification of the pathway leading to several ecophysiologically differentiatedVibrionaceaepopulations adapted to different physical forms of alginate. Pathway architecture is predictive of function and ecology, underscoring that horizontal gene transfer without extensive regulatory changes can rapidly assemble fully functional pathways in microbes.
Unusual lattice vibration characteristics in whiskers of the pseudo-one-dimensional titanium trisulfide TiS3
Authors: Wu Kedi , Torun Engin , Sahin Hasan , Chen Bin , Fan Xi , Pant Anupum , Parsons Wright David , Aoki Toshihiro , Peeters Francois M. , Soignard Emmanuel , Tongay Sefaattin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTransition metal trichalcogenides form a class of layered materials with strong in-plane anisotropy. For example, titanium trisulfide (TiS3) whiskers are made out of weakly interacting TiS3 layers, where each layer is made of weakly interacting quasi-one-dimensional chains extending along the b axis. Here we establish the unusual vibrational properties of TiS3 both experimentally and theoretically. Unlike other two-dimensional systems, the Raman active peaks of TiS3 have only out-of-plane vibrational modes, and interestingly some of these vibrations involve unique rigid-chain vibrations and S–S molecular oscillations. High-pressure Raman studies further reveal that the AgS–S S-S molecular mode has an unconventional negative pressure dependence, whereas other peaks stiffen as anticipated. Various vibrational modes are doubly degenerate at ambient pressure, but the degeneracy is lifted at high pressures. These results establish the unusual vibrational properties of TiS3 with strong in-plane anisotropy, and may have relevance to understanding of vibrational properties in other anisotropic two-dimensional material systems.
H2A.Z controls the stability and mobility of nucleosomes to regulate expression of the LH genes
Authors: Rudnizky Sergei , Bavly Adaiah , Malik Omri , Pnueli Lilach , Melamed Philippa , Kaplan Ariel 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe structure and dynamics of promoter chromatin have a profound effect on the expression levels of genes. Yet, the contribution of DNA sequence, histone post-translational modifications, histone variant usage and other factors in shaping the architecture of chromatin, and the mechanisms by which this architecture modulates expression of specific genes are not yet completely understood. Here we use optical tweezers to study the roles that DNA sequence and the histone variant H2A.Z have in shaping the chromatin landscape at the promoters of two model genes, Cga and Lhb. Guided by MNase mapping of the promoters of these genes, we reconstitute nucleosomes that mimic those located near the transcriptional start site and immediately downstream (+1), and measure the forces required to disrupt these nucleosomes, and their mobility along the DNA sequence. Our results indicate that these genes are basally regulated by two distinct strategies, making use of H2A.Z to modulate separate phases of transcription, and highlight how DNA sequence, alternative histone variants and remodelling machinery act synergistically to modulate gene expression.