bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surrogate Decision-Making
Authors: Bulger Jeffrey W. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The Self-Determination Act of 1990 supports both patient informed consent and surrogate decision-making. In cases in which the patient lacks decisional capacity, a durable power of attorney for healthcare is used to determine the surrogate who will make treatment decisions on the patient’s behalf. The surrogate must make decisions based on the patient’s reasonable goals, values, and priorities and must be informed about the patient’s diagnosis, prognosis, treatment options, risks, and benefits. The practitioner is responsible for maximizing the patient’s best interests using the moral principles of beneficence (do good) and nonmaleficence (do no harm). If differences between surrogate and provider cannot be resolved, an ethics consultation would be the next step, with a court order being necessary in some cases. The standards of care should be followed if there is no evidence of the patient’s reasonable goals, values, and priorities.
Fungal toxin-mediated disease
Authors: Kibbler Christopher C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMore than 300 mycotoxins have been described, and increasing numbers have been shown to cause disease in humans. They may cause organ failure, carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, and immunosuppression, or have oestrogenic effects. Exposure may occur through ingestion of preformed toxin in contaminated foodstuffs, ingestion of toxic mushrooms, or inhalation of airborne toxins in damp environments This chapter discusses food-borne mycotoxin disease, mushroom poisoning, and the potential impact on health of environmental exposure to airborne mycotoxins. It is intended to provide a background and understanding of these conditions, about which there is a relative ignorance amongst healthcare professionals. However, their clinical management requires the expertise of mycologists and toxicologists to ensure an optimum outcome.
Gender inequality and suicide: A systematic review of empirical studies
Authors: Yoong Melissa , Lai Fong Chan , Ying-Yeh Chen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents a systematic review of empirical research on gender (in)equality and suicide published between 1981 and 2022 to develop a clearer understanding of the effects of egalitarian gender norms on suicide risk. Two major databases were searched, and 28 articles reported in English were selected. Findings across these studies covering a wide range of countries indicate that suicide rates in women and men tend to decline with improvements in gender equality or, in some cases, are not influenced by these changes. Although some studies published before 2000 suggested that higher female labour force participation is associated with an increased suicide risk, this was not observed in later investigations, which implies that the relationship between suicidal behaviour and gender equality changes over time. Other contextual factors such as the quality of a country’s human capabilities may also affect suicidality, as gender norms within the society shift.
Pain
Authors: Craigie Meredith J. , Jensen Mark P. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Conversations between health care providers and the individuals with pain that they serve can be challenging; sometimes even adversarial. As a result, patients can feel misunderstood and disbelieved. These feelings can undermine the patient’s motivation to follow through on the health care provider’s prescriptions and advice. The purpose of this chapter is to provide information about, and strategies for, improving communication with patients presenting with pain. Use of metaphors and the Listening, Acceptance, Utilization, Reframing, and Suggestion (‘LAURS’) model, the Greeting, Rapport, Expectations, Addressing concerns, and Tacit agreement (‘GREAT’) template, and Motivational Interviewing skills are described, with examples. Clinician use of these strategies will result in more satisfying conversations with patients and will likely contribute to more positive therapeutic outcomes.
Education
Authors: Robinson Sancha C. , Forrest Kirsty , Hennessy Maurice 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the use of effective communication in medical education contexts including feedback conversations, teaching lists, and formal supervision situations. Successful communication in education is about how things are said, rather than what is said and depends on co-creating a learning partnership. Bias awareness and nurturing a growth mindset are also key. Educators can establish a safe learning environment by holding unconditional positive regard and building trust with authenticity, empathy, and logic. The coaching framework is one model of effective communication in medical education, where the focus is on active listening, and asking rather than telling, and the utilization of summaries, clarifications, and reframes.
Women Veterans’ Stroke Risk Factors: Identified Prevention Methods and Knowledge Gaps
Authors: Colsch Renee , Onweni-Eze Maureen , Byrd Elizabeth M , Damush Teresa M , Olney Christine M , Reardon Erin E , Hadidi Niloufar N 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Stroke is a significant health burden for veterans and the fifth leading cause of death for women. Compared to civilian women, women veterans have significant multimorbid physical and mental health conditions contributing to their stroke risk. This scoping review aimed to synthesize evidence on the stroke risk factors specific to U.S. women veterans and identify any association between risk factors and a delay in prevention and treatment for women veterans.

Materials and Methods
This study was approved by the organizational Institutional Review Board. The search strategy was run across 6 databases: MEDLINE and EMBASE via Ovid, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov. A total of 1218 records were uploaded to Covidence for screening. Criteria for included studies were peer-reviewed primary research articles written in English about women veterans and cardiovascular disease and stroke risk factors. No restrictions were placed on publication date.

Results
Fourteen articles met the inclusion criteria. Cohorts were 30 years and older. Data originated from national and individual Veterans Affairs studies. Women veterans starting at age 30 have a steadily increasing positive curvilinear association with stroke risk, indicating a need to screen earlier than the recommended age of 45 years. Stroke incidence was higher in veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder, insomnia, restless leg syndrome, traumatic brain injury, constipation with laxative use, egg consumption (2–4 eggs/wk), frailty, and systemic sclerosis. When comparing White veterans and civilian counterparts, Black veterans had a higher incidence of stroke. Ten studies addressed prevention methods. The clinicians should screen and treat women veterans for post-traumatic stress disorder and constipation and consider alternative treatment methods for constipation.

Conclusions
Empirical literature on this matter is lacking. Examining and understanding the differences in sex, gender, and veteran status, and their association with stroke risk, is warranted. Screening women veterans for post-traumatic stress disorder and for stroke early, at 30 years of age, is recommended.
Probing properties of nearly two-hundred new active galactic nuclei
Authors: Ghosh Samrat , Mandal Samir , Bhattacharyya Sudip , Kumaran Shivam 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
We present a comprehensive analysis of the X-ray spectral properties of 198 newly identified active galactic nuclei (AGNs), leveraging archival data from the Chandra X-ray Observatory. All these AGNs exhibit a power-law spectral signature spanning a broad energy range of $0.5{\!-\!}7.0$ keV, characterized by the photon index ($\Gamma$) values ranging from $0.3^{+0.16}_{-0.14}$ to $2.54^{+0.14}_{-0.13}$. Particularly, 76 of these AGNs display discernible levels of intrinsic absorption, after considering the Galactic absorption. The column densities associated with this local absorption ($n_{\rm H}^{\rm local}$) are within a range of ${\sim} 10^{19}{\!-\!}10^{22}\ {\rm cm^{-2}}$. We study the cosmological evolution of AGNs using the variation of $n_{\rm H}^{\rm local}$ and $\Gamma$ with their estimated redshift. The intrinsic spectral signature did not reveal any significant cosmological evolution; however, a deficit of hard sources at high redshift is possibly intrinsic. Our sample covers several orders of broad-band intrinsic luminosity ($L_{\rm B}^{\rm intr}$) ranging from $4.59^{+0.41}_{-0.41} \times 10^{42}$ to $2.4^{+0.12}_{-0.12} \times 10^{46}\, {\rm erg~s}^{-1}$ with peak at 1.84 redshift. We also investigate the hardness–luminosity diagram to further probe the AGNs. We conduct a sanity check by applying our findings to known AGNs, and the results are consistent with our observations.
Changing CO bands in near-IR spectra of CP Cephei
Authors: Call Scott G , Hintz Eric G , Ardern Steve , Scowcroft Victoria , Morrell Timothy D 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
We present time-series near-infrared spectra for the classical Cepheid, CP Cephei, from the Astrophysical Research Consortium 3.5-m telescope and near-infrared spectrograph, TripleSpec, at Apache Point Observatory, NM, USA. Spectral observations were made at nine points through the minimum and partway up the ascending portion of the optical light curve for the star. Carbon monoxide (CO) was detected in absorption in the 2.3-$\mu$m region for each observation. We measured the strength of CO absorption using the 2-0 band head in the feature for each observation and confirm that the CO varies with pulsation. We show that these measurements follow the $(J-K)$ colour curve, confirming that temperature drives the destruction of CO. By obtaining convolved filter magnitudes from the spectral data we found that the effect of the CO feature on K magnitudes is small, unlike the CO feature in the mid-infrared at 4.5 $\mu$m. The dissociation of CO in the near-infrared spectra tracks with the effect seen in the mid-infrared photometric measurements of a similar Galactic Cepheid. Confirmation of the varying CO feature illustrates the need for further investigations into the related mid-infrared period–colour–metallicity relation in order to address the impact of Cepheid metallicities on the Hubble tension.
The δ Scuti stars of the Cep–Her Complex – I. Pulsator fraction, rotation, asteroseismic large spacings, and the νmax relation
Authors: Murphy Simon J , Bedding Timothy R , Gautam Anuj , Kerr Ronan P , Mani Prasad 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
We identify delta Scuti ($\delta$ Sct) pulsators amongst members of the recently discovered Cep–Her Complex using light curves from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). We use Gaia colours and magnitudes to isolate a subsample of provisional Cep–Her members that are located in a narrow band on the colour–magnitude diagram compatible with the zero-age main sequence. The $\delta$ Sct pulsator fraction amongst these stars peaks at 100 per cent and we describe a trend of higher pulsator fractions for younger stellar associations. We use four methods to measure the frequency of maximum amplitude or power, $\nu _{\rm max}$, to minimize methodological bias, and we demonstrate their sound performance. The $\nu _{\rm max}$ measurements display a correlation with effective temperature, but with a scatter that is too large for the relation to be useful. We find two ridges in the $\nu _{\rm max}$–$T_{\rm eff}$ diagram, one of which appears to be the result of rapid rotation causing stars to pulsate in low-order modes. We measure the $\nu _{\rm max}$ values of $\delta$ Sct stars in four other clusters or associations of similar age (Trumpler 10, the Pleiades, NGC 2516, and Praesepe) and find similar behaviour with $T_{\rm eff}$. Using échelle diagrams, we measure the asteroseismic large spacing, $\Delta \nu$, for 70 stars, and find a correlation between $\Delta \nu$, rotation, and luminosity that allows rapid rotators seen at low inclinations to be distinguished from slow rotators. We find that rapid rotators are more likely than slow rotators to pulsate, but they do so with less regular pulsation patterns. We also investigate the reliability of Gaia’s vbroad measurement for A-type stars, finding that it is mostly accurate but underestimates $v\sin i$ for slow rotators ($v\sin i \lt 50$ km s−1) by 10–15 per cent.
Using 26 Al to detect ongoing self-enrichment in young massive star clusters
Authors: Nowak Katarzyna , Krause Martin G H , Siegert Thomas , Forbrich Jan , Yates Robert M , Ramírez-Galeano Laura , Charbonnel Corinne , Gieles Mark 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Self-enrichment is one of the leading explanations for chemical anomalies in globular clusters. In this scenario, various candidate polluter stars have been proposed to eject gas with altered chemical composition during the self-enrichment process. Most of the proposed polluters will also eject radioactive $^{26}$Al into the surroundings. Hence, any detection of $^{26}$Al in young massive star clusters (YMCs) would support the self-enrichment scenario if YMCs were indeed the progenitors of globular clusters. Observations of gamma-ray data from COMPTEL and INTEGRAL, as well as detections of $^{26}$AlF molecules by the Atacama Large Millimeter-submillimeter Array (ALMA), indicate the maturing of $^{26}$Al detection methods. Detection possibilities will be enhanced in the short- to mid-term by the upcoming launch of the Compton Spectrometer and Imager (COSI). The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) could in principle also detect radio recombination lines of the positronium formed from the decay products of $^{26}$Al. Here, we show for a sample of YMCs in the nearby Universe, where self-enrichment could plausibly take place. For some nearby galaxies, this could enhance $^{26}$Al by an order of one magnitude. Detecting $^{26}$AlF with ALMA appears feasible for many candidate self-enrichment clusters, although significant challenges remain with other detection methods. The Large Magellanic Cloud, with its YMC R136, stands out as the most promising candidate. Detecting a 1.8 MeV radioactive decay line of $^{26}$Al here would require at least 15 months of targeted observation with COSI, assuming ongoing self-enrichment in R136.
Material transport in protoplanetary discs with massive embedded planets
Authors: Petrovic Hannah J , Booth Richard A , Clarke Cathie J 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Vertical gas and dust flows in protoplanetary discs waft material above the mid-plane region in the presence of a protoplanet. This motion may alter the delivery of dust to the planet and its circumplanetary disc, as well as through a planetary-induced gap region and hence the inner disc chemistry. Here, we investigate the impact of a massive embedded planet on this material transport through the gap region. We use 3D global hydrodynamic simulations run using FARGO3D with gas and dust species to investigate the dust filtration and the origin of material that can make it through the gap. We find small dust particles can pass through the gap as expected from results in 2D and that this can be considered in two parts – filtering due to the planetary-induced pressure maximum and filtering due to accretion on to the planet. When gas accretion on to the planet is included, we find that the larger dust grains that cross the gap (i.e. those with $\mathrm{St} \sim 10^{-4}$) originate from regions near the mid-plane. We also find that dust and gas that enter the planet-carved gap region pass through the Hill sphere of the planet, where the temperature is likely to be strongly enhanced compared with the mid-plane regions from which this material originated. Considering the application of our simulations to a Jupiter-mass planet at $\sim 100\ \mathrm{au}$, this suggests that CO ice is very likely to desorb from grains in the close proximity of the planet, without requiring any fine-tuning of the planet’s location with respect to the CO snowline.
Decoding the molecular symphony: interactions between the m6A and p53 signaling pathways in cancer
Authors: Shoemaker Rachel , Huang Mo-Fan , Wu Ying-Si , Huang Cheng-Shuo , Lee Dung-Fang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor gene governs a multitude of complex cellular processes that are essential for anti-cancer function and whose dysregulation leads to aberrant gene transcription, activation of oncogenic signaling and cancer development. Although mutations can occur at any point in the genetic sequence, missense mutations comprise the majority of observed p53 mutations in cancers regardless of whether the mutation is germline or somatic. One biological process involved in both mutant and wild-type p53 signaling is the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) epitranscriptomic network, a type of post-transcriptional modification involved in over half of all eukaryotic mRNAs. Recently, a significant number of findings have demonstrated unique interactions between p53 and the m6A epitranscriptomic network in a variety of cancer types, shedding light on a previously uncharacterized connection that causes significant dysregulation. Cross-talk between wild-type or mutant p53 and the m6A readers, writers and erasers has been shown to impact cellular function and induce cancer formation by influencing various cancer hallmarks. Here, this review aims to summarize the complex interplay between the m6A epitranscriptome and p53 signaling pathway, highlighting its effects on tumorigenesis and other hallmarks of cancer, as well as identifying its therapeutic implications for the future.
RNAMotifProfile: a graph-based approach to build RNA structural motif profiles
Authors: Rahaman Md Mahfuzur , Zhang Shaojie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
RNA structural motifs are the recurrent segments in RNA three-dimensional structures that play a crucial role in the functional diversity of RNAs. Understanding the similarities and variations within these recurrent motif groups is essential for gaining insights into RNA structure and function. While recurrent structural motifs are generally assumed to be composed of the same isosteric base interactions, this consistent pattern is not observed across all examples of these motifs. Existing methods for analyzing and comparing RNA structural motifs may overlook variations in base interactions and associated nucleotides. RNAMotifProfile is a novel profile-to-profile alignment algorithm that generates a comprehensive profile from a group of structural motifs, incorporating all base interactions and associated nucleotides at each position. By structurally aligning input motif instances using a guide-tree-based approach, RNAMotifProfile captures the similarities and variations within recurrent motif groups. Additionally, RNAMotifProfile can function as a motif search tool, enabling the identification of instances of a specific motif family by searching with the corresponding profile. The ability to generate accurate and comprehensive profiles for RNA structural motif families, and to search for these motifs, facilitates a deeper understanding of RNA structure–function relationships and potential applications in RNA engineering and therapeutic design.
“Aiming at a moving target”—The daily life experiences of adolescents and young adults with a low-grade glioma
Authors: Reuvers Milou J P , Burgers Vivian W G , Koekkoek Johan A F , Brandsma Dieta , Compter Annette , Kouwenhoven Mathilde C M , van den Bent Martin J , Frissen Simone A M M , Husson Olga , van der Graaf Winette T A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Low-grade gliomas (LGG) are among the most frequently occurring tumors in adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients (aged 18–39 years old at primary diagnosis). These tumors have a variable prognosis, presenting challenges for patients in shaping their future. This study aimed to identify the age-specific experiences and needs of AYA patients with LGG in their daily lives.

Methods
In-depth interviews were conducted with AYA patients diagnosed with LGG. Thematic analysis was performed to derive the age-specific codes, looking for overarching themes and sub-themes.

Results
Sixteen patients participated in this study. The cognitive symptoms of the disease (including difficulty concentrating, memory issues, and speech problems) are invisible to others but caused significant disruptions in many domains that were particularly important to AYA patients (eg, employment, family life, and autonomy). Additionally, the uncertainty regarding their life expectancy led to difficulties in making decisions about the future. They also perceived a lack of control over their future and the time they had left.

Conclusions
LGG have a significant impact on AYA patients. However, this impact is not fully understood by others close to them. The results highlight the importance of providing these patients with appropriate peer support, interventions tailored to both their disease and life phase, utilizing a multidisciplinary approach, and maintaining a focus on long-term support for these patients. It is crucial to provide AYA care for these patients within the neurology department, as LGG involve both tumor- and age-specific problems.
Outcomes of Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplant Recipients With HHV-6B Reactivation
Authors: Handley Guy , Yepes Amanda , Eliassen Eva , Dominguez Gabriel , Pasikhova Yanina , Klinkova Olga , Baluch Aliyah , Febres-Aldana Anthony J , Alsina Melissa , Elmariah Hany , Khimani Farhad , Hansen Doris K , Freeman Ciara L , Jain Michael D , Locke Frederick , Lazaryan Aleksandr , Liu Hein D , Mishra Asmita , Mirza Abu-Sayeef , Nishihori Taiga , Ochoa Leonel , Perez Lia , Pidala Joseph , Puglianini Omar Castaneda , Nieder Michael , Perna Fabiana , Kim Jongphil , Bejanyan Nelli , Faramand Rawan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) frequently reactivates following allogeneic stem cell transplant (alloHCT). Consensus guidelines note that haploidentical alloHCT may represent a high-risk population for which there is little evidence; this warrants further investigation.

Methods
In this single-center retrospective study, we evaluated 188 consecutive adult patients receiving haploidentical alloHCT between 11/2014 and 11/2020 and compared outcomes between patients with HHV-6B reactivation receiving targeted antiviral therapy and those who were clinically observed.

Results
Of the 58 included patients, 21 (36.2%) received antiviral therapy for HHV-6B reactivation with foscarnet (n = 19) or ganciclovir (n = 2). There were no differences in patient or disease characteristics between treated and observed patients. Treated patients were more likely to have high-level DNAemia (85.7% vs 40.5%; P &lt; .001) and had higher peak viral quantitative measurements (median log10, 4.65 vs 3.84; P &lt; .001). The median time to clearance from plasma (interquartile range) was 13 (7.25–20.00) days for all patients and was not significantly different between groups. There were no differences in episodes of encephalitis, grade III/IV acute graft-vs-host disease (GVHD), or time to neutrophil or platelet engraftment among treated vs observed patients. Day 100 nonrelapse mortality was not significantly different in the multivariate analysis; however, the presence of central nervous system symptoms was strongly associated with worse survival (hazard ratio, 4.11; 95% CI, 1.27–13.34; P = .018).

Conclusions
We did not observe a difference in clinical outcomes between the treated and observed groups of patients with HHV-6B reactivation following haploidentical alloHCT. With the rising use of haploidentical transplant and post-transplant cyclophosphamide GVHD prevention platforms, prospective studies are needed to further characterize the risk and outcomes associated with HHV-6B reactivation and therapy.