bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moisture Stress Indicators in Giant Sequoia Groves in the Southern Sierra Nevada of California, USA
Authors: Ray Ram L. 
Published: October 2016

Core Ideas
The vulnerability of giant sequoia groves to soil moisture stress was evaluated.
Giant sequoia groves with a vulnerability to soil moisture were identified.
A topographic wetness index (TWI) was used to study soil moisture stress of sequoia groves.
The relationship between TWIs and snow distribution pattern was studied.
Remotely sensed soil moisture, TWI, and snow cover persistence were compared.
Giant sequoia [Sequoiadendron giganteum (Lindl.) J. Buchholz] trees and their ecosystems are unique natural treasures in the Sierra Nevada, California, where most groves are federally managed for biodiversity, perpetuation of the species, and aesthetic, recreational, ecological, and scientific values. Increasing temperatures during the next several decades may create conditions unfavorable for these giant sequoias. Therefore, it is necessary to develop effective management systems to preserve the health of these giant sequoia groves. This study used a topographic wetness index (TWI) as the indicator of soil moisture conditions to evaluate the vulnerability of giant sequoia groves to soil moisture stress and focused on evaluating TWI distributions among all 70 sequoia groves to assess their vulnerability to soil moisture stress. The TWI values were derived using a 10‐m digital elevation model and compared with soil, geology, slope, aspect, and elevation at the sequoia groves to understand the vulnerability of the groves to soil moisture stress. The TWI values were also compared with snow cover persistence derived from 12 yr of MODIS snow cover products. In addition, satellite soil moisture products were used to compare the dry and wet periods predicted by snow cover persistence. Results showed that the groves located at higher elevation are less vulnerable unless the TWI across the groves is low. For the large number of groves with elevations mainly in the 1800‐ to 2100‐m range, the TWI distributions can serve as a first‐order indicator of relative vulnerability. Further, this analysis showed that areas with milder slopes and more converging area (higher TWI), plus longer snow cover persistence, should be less susceptible to low summer soil moisture than areas having steeper slopes, more diverging topography (lower TWI), and earlier snowmelt. This analysis can be used to highlight groves that are potentially more vulnerable, particularly when considering TWI, snow cover persistence, and satellite soil moisture together.
Book review: Fractures in Knapping
Authors: Preston Paul Richard 
Published: October 2016

The book 'Fractures in Knapping' by Are Tsirk (2014) is apropos at a time when ‘shape matching’ to typological holotypes is de rigueur. Thus, a book that outlines the fractographic and fracture mechanic principles behind chaîne opératoire and technological analysis is important because understanding fractures is essential to interpreting knapping (Tsirk, 2014: ix). The book’s relevance is evident in the content of its three parts. Part one briefly considers the tools and techniques of knapping (chapters 1 and 2) and raw material types (chapter 3). Part two introduces the formation and meaning of fracture attributes (chapters 8 to 9). Part three (chapters 10 to 13) describes how fractography relates to knapping. It concludes with a few brief remarks (chapter 14), a glossary, references and index. For more about the author of 'Fractures in Knapping', see Are Tsirk's biography in the Journal of Lithic Studies, Vol. 2, Nr. 1.
COMMENTARY––A Public Interest View of Auditor Independence: Moving Toward Auditor Reliability When Considering and Promoting Audit Quality
Authors: DeZoort F. Todd , Taylor Mark H. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
A longstanding view inside and outside the auditing profession is that the public accounting profession rests on the foundation of independence (Previts and Merino 1998), with regulatory bodies requiring auditors to be independent both in appearance and in fact. For many decades, regulators and stakeholders alike have held the view that auditor independence is the auditor's endgame. We review recent research on the Reliability Framework, which recasts auditor independence with other professional constructs, including integrity, competence, and objectivity, as co-antecedents of auditor reliability and audit quality. On that basis, this commentary advocates that a public interest view of auditor independence must account for the auditor's real reason for existence based on what stakeholders want and need: reliable audit services that facilitate financial reporting quality and protect the public interest. Recent initiatives by the Center for Audit Quality and its member firms, as well as the profession's regulators, reveal movement consistent with this holistic view. These developments indicate that the public interest view of auditor reliability is shifting toward a revised view of independence, along with other professional constructs that co-create audit quality and reliable financial reporting.
FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS OF MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS IN AN INSTANT WITH MACHINE LEARNING
Authors: Bellinger Earl P. , Angelou George C. , Hekker Saskia , Basu Sarbani , Ball Warrick H. , Guggenberger Elisabeth 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Owing to the remarkable photometric precision of space observatories like Kepler, stellar and planetary systems beyond our own are now being characterized en masse for the first time. These characterizations are pivotal for endeavors such as searching for Earth-like planets and solar twins, understanding the mechanisms that govern stellar evolution, and tracing the dynamics of our Galaxy. The volume of data that is becoming available, however, brings with it the need to process this information accurately and rapidly. While existing methods can constrain fundamental stellar parameters such as ages, masses, and radii from these observations, they require substantial computational effort to do so. We develop a method based on machine learning for rapidly estimating fundamental parameters of main-sequence solar-like stars from classical and asteroseismic observations. We first demonstrate this method on a hare-and-hound exercise and then apply it to the Sun, 16 Cyg A and B, and 34 planet-hosting candidates that have been observed by the Kepler spacecraft. We find that our estimates and their associated uncertainties are comparable to the results of other methods, but with the additional benefit of being able to explore many more stellar parameters while using much less computation time. We furthermore use this method to present evidence for an empirical diffusion–mass relation. Our method is open source and freely available for the community to use.6
Journal d’un corps
Authors: Salmona Sarah 
Published: October 2016

Malgré la soupe et les verres de lait, mon corps et moi avons eu bien du mal à grandir au même rythme. Comment s’élever lorsque le handicap vous retient dans l’enfance et la dépendance ? Comment faire avancer celui qui ne pense qu’à reculer ? Nous avons rencontré beaucoup d’obstacles, mon corps et moi, mais nous avons compris, qu’au cours d’une vie, rien ne pouvait en réalité empêcher un être de grandir et de devenir. Mon corps ne suivait pas bien la courbe mais mon esprit voulait gravir des montagnes. J’ai bien essayé de laisser ce corps capricieux sur le bas-côté mais je n’arrivais pas à faire un pas sans lui. Il a bien fallu nous réconcilier et ne faire plus qu’un pour pouvoir aller toujours plus loin…
Grandir et quitter un camsp en 2016
Authors: Jeannin Catherine , de Courson Françoise , Lopez Nathalie , Baron-Quillevere Michèle 
Published: October 2016

Plus de dix ans après la promulgation de la loi pour l’égalité des chances et la citoyenneté des personnes handicapées, des médecins et directeurs de camsp exposent leurs constatations sur le terrain au sujet de l’accompagnement des enfants qui grandissent et quittent le camsp . Des avancées significatives ont été observées en termes de moyens humains, de structures, mais des pesanteurs administratives, des projets d’équipes n’évoluant pas au même rythme que la société et les besoins des enfants et de leurs familles et probablement des freins sociétaux, politiques et psychologiques ont encore de graves répercussions sur l’accueil et les modalités d’éducation et de soins de certains enfants. Les familles de quelques-uns d’entre eux, dès l’âge de 4 ans, le plus souvent parmi ceux qui ont le plus de difficultés, ne trouvent pas ou très laborieusement de solutions adaptées en termes de socialisation, d’éducation ou de soins. Ces situations génèrent stress, angoisse, incompréhension, perte de temps préjudiciables au bien-être de l’enfant et à ses progrès et in fine sont totalement antinomiques avec les préconisations de la loi. Le développement de mesures, souvent simples et de bon sens, que les acteurs de terrain voient mises en œuvre mais hélas de manière insuffisante et pas toujours concertée ni adaptée aux besoins locaux, devraient permettre que chaque enfant « autrement capable » ait sa place dans la société, permettant à tous, de façon corollaire, d’apprendre la différence et la tolérance.
Paris, capitale des abeilles ?
Authors: Sagnes Sylvie 
Published: October 2016

Le succès que remporte aujourd’hui l’apiculture en milieu urbain est en passe de ramener Paris au rang de « capitale des abeilles ». Autrefois capitale du monde, la ville se fait « petite capitale », semblable à toutes celles qui s’affirment à l’heure de la globalisation. D’un destin de capitale l’autre, a‑t‑on bien affaire à un revirement de l’histoire ? L’analyse des sources littéraires et ethnographiques permet de saisir, en contrepoint de l’image d’une hyper‑capitale, celle d’une localité comme une autre.
La transparence des institutions
Authors: Lamy Jérôme , Plutniak Sébastien 
Published: October 2016

Cet article identifie deux programmes d’extension disciplinaire en sciences sociales, fondés sur une redéfinition du statut accordé aux objets : en sociologie, en niant la distinction entre humain et non‑humain ; en archéologie, en introduisant le concept d’« objet‑mémoire », qui intègre l’interaction sociale et les processus mémoriels. Leur discussion est menée à partir d’une ethnographie des contenants usuels d’un laboratoire de biologie. Les marques apposées à leurs surfaces permettent l’analyse conjointe des ensembles d’artefacts, de leur textualité, des processus d’institutionnalisation et de la stratification sociale du laboratoire. Aux ambitions expansionnistes, on oppose une ethnographie des techniques fondée sur la technologie culturelle.
L’aménagement des zones portuaires languedociennes aux XVII e et XVIII e siècles
Authors: Durand Stéphane 
Published: October 2016

Sur la côte du Languedoc, l’Époque moderne fut un temps de construction d’équipements portuaires de grande ampleur, mettant en jeu des sommes colossales. Sur cette côte basse, où les villes portuaires maritimes ne se situaient pas en front de mer, il fut question de créer des avant-ports, plus ou moins bien articulés aux villes existantes, ou d’adapter les anciens ports à l’évolution des trafics. Toutes les greffes ne prirent pas et tous les ports ne furent pas également secourus, avec de lourdes conséquences sur le développement des villes. En effet, plusieurs logiques étaient confrontées empiriquement : tandis que chaque communauté comptait traditionnellement sur ses propres – et maigres – forces, la politique colbertiste du pouvoir royal investissait massivement, mais seulement dans quelques lieux du littoral, au détriment des autres. L’assemblées des états de Languedoc se révéla alors comme le lieu d’ajustement des divers intérêts en présence et les villes furent désormais contraintes d’imaginer leur place dans ce nouveau cadre institutionnel et financier.
La topographie religieuse de Rhodes à l’époque des Chevaliers de Saint-Jean 1309-1522
Authors: Maglio Emma 
Published: October 2016

L’article porte sur les églises de Rhodes, afin d’ajouter des données nouvelles ainsi que de clarifier les dynamiques entre bâtiments et espace urbain : il s’agit notamment de mettre en relation la forma urbis avec la distribution des églises, en évaluant également leurs types architecturaux, à partir d’un corpus de sources diverses. Localiser et différencier les lieux de culte urbains permet d’identifier les éléments de continuité et de transformation dans la subdivision de l’espace bâti et religieux, à la suite de l’installation d’une élite catholique latine dans une ville grecque. Les bâtiments sont présentés par rapport au tissu urbain et à l’agrandissement de l’enceinte, nous amenant au constat que les lieux de culte étaient subordonnés aux exigences du pouvoir laïc. Enfin, une analyse quantitative nous permet de mieux définir le rapport entre le culte grec et le culte latin en ville, ainsi que d’amorcer une réflexion autour des contrade et des paroisses, un sujet qui reste peu exploré.
La préservation de l’image de la ville à Strasbourg aux prémices du XX e siècle
Authors: Eberhardt Sophie 
Published: October 2016

Le patrimoine architectural et urbain, quelque soit la définition que l’on donne à cette notion de part et d’autre du Rhin, relève à la fois du domaine le plus concret (préserver ou laisser à l’abandon) et le plus symbolique (circonscrire le périmètre d’une « communauté imaginaire », au sens conféré par Benedict Anderson. Les constructions ainsi que les objets d’étude, de protection et de valorisation à Strasbourg lorsque l’Alsace-Lorraine est rattachée à l’Empire allemand (1871- 1918) révèlent pour une part que la politique de préservation de l’image de la ville trouve son origine dans le croisement des cultures françaises et allemandes, ainsi que dans la relecture de la culture locale, résultat de l’influence du mouvement Heimatschutz .
Exploring the Perceptions of Newly Credentialed Athletic Trainers as They Transition to Practice
Authors: Walker Stacy E. , Thrasher Ashley B. , Mazerolle Stephanie M 
Published: October 2016

Context:Research is limited on the transition to practice of newly credentialed athletic trainers (ATs). Understanding this transition could provide insight to assist employers and professional programs in developing initiatives to enhance the transition.Objective:To explore newly credentialed ATs' experiences and feelings during their transition from student to autonomous practitioner.Design:Qualitative study.Setting:Individual phone interviews.Patients or Other Participants:Thirty-four ATs certified between January and September 2013 participated in this study (18 women, 16 men; age = 23.8 ± 2.1 years; work settings were collegiate, secondary school, clinic, and other). Data saturation guided the number of participants.Data Collection and Analysis:Participants were interviewed via phone using a semistructured interview guide. All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed through phenomenologic reduction, with data coded for common themes and subthemes. Credibility was established via member checks, peer review, and intercoder reliability.Results:The 3 themes that emerged from the data were (1) transition to practice preparation, (2) orientation, and (3) mentoring. Transition to practice was rarely discussed during professional preparation, but information on the organization and administration or capstone course (eg, insurance, documentation) assisted participants in their transition. Participants felt that preceptors influenced their transition by providing or hindering the number and quality of patient encounters. Participants from larger collegiate settings reported more formal orientation methods (eg, review policies, procedures manual), whereas those in secondary school, clinic/hospital, and smaller collegiate settings reported informal orientation methods (eg, independent review of policies and procedures, tours). Some participants were assigned a formal mentor, and others engaged in peer mentoring.Conclusions:Employers could enhance the transition to practice by providing formal orientation and mentorship. Professional programs could prepare students for the transition by discussing how to find support and mentoring and by involving preceptors who provide students with opportunities to give patient care.
Well-Being in Residency: A Systematic Review
Authors: Raj Kristin S. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Background
Rates of physician burnout have increased in recent years, and high burnout levels are reported by physicians in training.

Objective
This review of the research on resident well-being seeks to identify factors associated with well-being, summarize well-being promotion interventions, and provide a framework for future research efforts.

Methods
Keywords were used to search PubMed, PsycINFO, and MEDLINE. Studies included were conducted between 1989 and 2014. The search yielded 82 articles, 26 which met inclusion criteria, and were assessed using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument.

Results
Articles measured resident well-being and associated factors, predictors, effects, barriers, as well as interventions to improve well-being. Factors identified in psychological well-being research—autonomy, building of competence, and strong social relatedness—are associated with resident well-being. Sleep and time away from work are associated with greater resident well-being. Perseverance is predictive of well-being, and greater well-being is associated with increased empathy. Interventions focused on health and coping skills appear to improve well-being, although the 3 studies that examined interventions were limited by small samples and single site administration.

Conclusions
An important step in evolving research in this area entails the development of a clear definition of resident well-being and a scale for measuring the construct. The majority (n = 17, 65%) of existing studies are cross-sectional analyses of factors associated with well-being. The literature summarized in this review suggests future research should focus on factors identified in cross-sectional studies, including sleep, coping mechanisms, resident autonomy, building competence, and enhanced social relatedness.
Taking Rater Exposure to Trainees Into Account When Explaining Rater Variability
Authors: Boscardin Christy K. , Wijnen-Meijer Marjo , Cate Olle ten 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Background
Rater-based judgments are widely used in graduate medical education to provide more meaningful assessments, despite concerns about rater reliability.

Objective
We introduced a statistical modeling technique that corresponds to the new rater reliability framework, and present a case example to provide an illustration of the utility of this new approach to assessing rater reliability.

Methods
We used mixed-effects models to simultaneously incorporate random effects for raters and systematic effects of rater role as fixed effects. Study data are clinical performance ratings collected from medical school graduates who were evaluated for their readiness for supervised clinical practice in authentic simulation settings at 2 medical schools in the Netherlands and Germany.

Results
The medical schools recruited a maximum of 30 graduates out of 60 (50%) and 180 (17%) eligible candidates, respectively. Clinician raters (n = 25) for the study were selected based on their level of expertise and experience. Graduates were assessed on 7 facets of competence (FOCs) that are considered important in supervisors' entrustment decisions across the 5 cases used. Rater role was significantly associated with 2 FOCs: (1) teamwork and collegiality, and (2) verbal communication with colleagues/supervisors. For another 2 FOCs, rater variability was only partially explained by the role of the rater (a proxy for the amount of direct interaction with the trainee).

Conclusions
Consideration of raters as meaningfully idiosyncratic provides a new framework to explore their influence on assessment scores, which goes beyond considering them as random sources of variability.
AVALIAÇÃO TÉCNICA E DE CUSTOS DO TRANSPORTE RODOVIÁRIO COM DIFERENTES ESPÉCIES E SORTIMENTOS DE MADEIRA
Authors: Lopes Eduardo da Silva , Vieira Thábata Palma , Rodrigues Carla Krulikowski 
Published: October 2016

Este trabalho objetivou realizar uma avaliação técnica e de custos do transporte florestal rodoviário com diferentes espécies e sortimentos de madeira. O estudo foi realizado com dados obtidos em uma empresa transportadora localizada no estado do Paraná. Foi analisado o ciclo operacional do transporte de madeira, determinando a disponibilidade mecânica, a eficiência operacional, a produtividade e os custos do veículo “bitrem” transportando toras de Eucalyptus sp. e Pinus sp. com 3,60 e 7,20 m de comprimento. Os resultados mostraram que os tempos consumidos pelos veículos nas filas de espera para o carregamento e descarregamento influenciou na redução da produtividade e no aumento dos custos do transporte. O comprimento da madeira é uma variável que afetou diretamente as operações de carregamento e descarregamento.
QUALIDADE DA SUPERFÍCIE USINADA EM PISOS DE MADEIRAS DE Corymbia E Eucalyptus
Authors: Silva Francisco Altobelly Viana Da , Silva José Reinaldo Moreira da , Moulin Jordão Cabral , Andrade Anna Carolina De Almeida , Nobre João Rodrigo , Castro Jonnys Paz 
Published: October 2016

O objetivo do trabalho foi gerar conhecimento científico que contribua para a melhor eficiência dos parâmetros envolvidos na usinagem a partir de diferentes métodos para qualificação da superfície usinada e avaliar o uso das espécies de Eucalyptus e Corymbia na produção de piso, como também, analisar a relação da densidade e desvio da grã com a rugosidade da madeira. Foram utilizadas as espécies E. dunnii, E. urophylla, E. grandis, C. citriodora e C. maculata, todas com 37 anos. Para o ensaio de usinagem foram utilizados corpos de prova com dimensões de 800 x 100 x 25 mm, velocidades de avanço de 15 e 30 m*min-1 e velocidade de corte da ferramenta de 18 e 25 m*s-1. Foi realizada a qualificação da superfície usinada por meio do avanço por dente, análise visual e parâmetros de rugosidade, sendo realizado também a relação da densidade e desvio da grã com a rugosidade da madeira. As madeiras de todas as espécies foram classificadas como ruim e muito ruim pela qualificação visual, os valores de avanço por dente foram acima dos indicados para pisos de madeira. Os menores valores dos parâmetros de rugosidade foram obtidos nas madeiras com maior densidade e menor desvio da grã. Ao utilizar os diferentes métodos de qualificação de superfícies nas madeiras de Eucalyptus e Corymbia, observou-se baixo potencial para utilizar essas madeiras em pisos. No entanto, é necessário que sejam realizados outros estudos com diferentes velocidades de avanço e de corte para verificar a possibilidade de melhoria nas qualidades superficiais dessas madeiras.