bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the facial microbiome in twins discordant for rosacea
Authors: Zaidi Asifa K. , Spaunhurst Katrina , Sprockett Daniel , Thomason Yolandas , Mann Margaret W. , Fu Pingfu , Ammons Christine , Gerstenblith Meg , Tuttle Marie S. , Popkin Daniel L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPreviously, we determined that genetic and environmental factors contributed equally towards rosacea in twins. To assess an environmental factor, we characterized the malar cheek bacterial microbiome from twins discordant for rosacea. We found no significant difference in facial microbiome alpha and beta diversity between related twins discordant for rosacea. However, the relative percentage abundance of Gordonia and Geobacillus, low‐abundant genera, was positively and negatively associated with rosacea severity, respectively. Our data demonstrate a significant correlation between facial microbiome and severity of rosacea in genetically matched twins and importantly that overall microbiome composition is largely unchanged.
Prevalence of and risk factors for cerebral microbleeds among adult patients with haemophilia A or B
Authors: Husseinzadeh H. , Chiasakul T. , Gimotty P. A. , Pukenas B. , Wolf R. , Kelty M. , Chiang E. , Fogarty P. F. , Cuker A. 
Published: December 2017

IntroductionCerebral microbleeds (CMBs) represent clinically silent haemorrhagic events. Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) portend negative neurovascular and cognitive outcomes in the general population and are associated with cognitive impairment in persons with haemophilia (PWH). Prevalence, patterns, and risk factors for CMBs in PWH have not been directly compared to persons without coagulopathy.AimTo examine prevalence, patterns, and risk factors for CMBs in PWH vs normal controls.MethodsAdults with haemophilia A or B and haemostatically normal controls were recruited. Subjects were excluded if taking an antithrombotic agent other than low‐dose aspirin (<100 mg). All subjects underwent T2*MRI of the brain; scans were reviewed independently by two neuroradiologists blinded to subject group to determine the presence of CMBs.ResultsWe recruited 31 PWH and 32 controls. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection were more prevalent in PWH; smoking was more common among controls. Cardiovascular (CV) risk factors were similar between groups. Prevalence of CMBs was 35% in PWH and 25% in controls (P = .42). Among PWH, advanced age, history of HCV infection, and CV risk factors were associated with CMBs. Multiple and large (>5 mm) CMBs were seen only in PWH.ConclusionsCerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are common in adults with haemophilia, but not clearly more prevalent than in haemostatically normal controls. In PWH, older age, HCV infection, CV risk factors, and the presence of an inhibitor were associated with CMBs. Large CMBs and multiple CMBs may be more prevalent in PWH than in the general population. The clinical impact of CMBs in PWH requires further study.
Temperature stability and electrical properties of MnO‐doped KNN‐based ceramics sintered in reducing atmosphere
Authors: Cen Zhenyong , Wang Xiaohui , Huan Yu , Li Longtu 
Published: December 2017

AbstractLead‐free MnO‐doped 0.955K0.5Na0.5NbO3‐0.045Bi0.5Na0.5ZrO3 (abbreviate as KNN‐0.045BNZ) ceramics have been prepared by a conventional solid‐state sintering method in reducing atmosphere. The MnO addition can suppress the emergence of the liquid phase and improve the homogenization of grain size. All ceramics sintered in reducing atmosphere show a two‐phase coexistence zone composed of rhombohedral (R) and tetragonal (T) phase. MnO dopant results in the content increase in R phase and slight increase in Curie temperature TC. For KNN‐0.045BNZ ceramics, Mn2+ ions preferentially occupy the cation vacancies in A‐site to decrease oxygen vacancy concentration for 0.2%‐0.4% MnO content, whereas Mn2+ ions substitute for Zr4+ ions in B‐site to form oxygen vacancies at x ≥ 0.5. The defect dipole is formed at the moderate concentration from 0.5 to 0.6, which can provide a preserve force to improve the temperature stability of piezoelectric properties for kp and . The Mn0.4 ceramics show excellent electrical properties with quasistatic piezoelectric constant d33 = 300 pC/N, electromechanical coupling coefficient kp = 51.2%, high field piezoelectric constant = 430 pm/V (at Emax = 25 kV/cm) and TC = ~345°C, insulation resistivity ρ = 6.13 × 1011 Ωcm.
Staff's reactions towards partnered sexual expressions involving people with dementia living in long‐term care facilities
Authors: Villar Feliciano , Celdrán Montserrat , Serrat Rodrigo , Fabà Josep , Martínez Teresa 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimsTo explore staff responses, in terms of common practices, towards partnered sexual relationships in long‐term care facilities where one or both people involved have dementia. It also tries to determine personal and institutional factors influencing these responses.BackgroundAlthough some studies, mostly qualitative, have focused on reactions to residents’ sexual expressions so far the issue has not been assessed in a study using large and diverse samples.DesignCross‐sectional quantitative study using vignette technique.MethodsParticipants were 2,295 staff members at 152 Spanish long‐term care facilities. Data were collected during 2016. A vignette describing sexual situations involving people with dementia was presented to participants. After the vignette, participants had to answer the question: “What do you think most of your colleagues would do in this situation?” with nine possible responses.ResultsResults showed that relationships involving persons with dementia were perceived as potentially problematic by staff. In both conditions, discussing the case with a colleague or supervisor was the most frequently chosen reaction. More restrictive reactions were mentioned when only one person with dementia was involved in the relationship. Factors such as participants” age and years of experience, professional post and commitment to person‐centred care practices were related with the frequency of common restriction practices.ConclusionResults highlight the importance of providing staff with clear guidelines regarding the management of specific sexual situations to avoid stereotyped restrictive reactions.
Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) may enhance implementation of clinical practice guidelines: An experience from the Middle East
Authors: Babiker Amir , Amer Yasser S. , Osman Mohamed E. , Al‐Eyadhy Ayman , Fatani Solafa , Mohamed Sarar , Alnemri Abdulrahman , Titi Maher A. , Shaikh Farheen , Alswat Khalid A. , Wahabi Hayfaa A. , Al‐Ansary Lubna A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesImplementation of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) has been shown to reduce variation in practice and improve health care quality and patients' safety. There is a limited experience of CPG implementation (CPGI) in the Middle East. The CPG program in our institution was launched in 2009. The Quality Management department conducted a Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) for further improvement of CPGI.MethodsThis is a prospective study of a qualitative/quantitative design. Our FMEA included (1) process review and recording of the steps and activities of CPGI; (2) hazard analysis by recording activity‐related failure modes and their effects, identification of actions required, assigned severity, occurrence, and detection scores for each failure mode and calculated the risk priority number (RPN) by using an online interactive FMEA tool; (3) planning: RPNs were prioritized, recommendations, and further planning for new interventions were identified; and (4) monitoring: after reduction or elimination of the failure mode. The calculated RPN will be compared with subsequent analysis in post‐implementation phase.ResultsThe data were scrutinized from a feedback of quality team members using a FMEA framework to enhance the implementation of 29 adapted CPGs. The identified potential common failure modes with the highest RPN (≥ 80) included awareness/training activities, accessibility of CPGs, fewer advocates from clinical champions, and CPGs auditing. Actions included (1) organizing regular awareness activities, (2) making CPGs printed and electronic copies accessible, (3) encouraging senior practitioners to get involved in CPGI, and (4) enhancing CPGs auditing as part of the quality sustainability plan.ConclusionIn our experience, FMEA could be a useful tool to enhance CPGI. It helped us to identify potential barriers and prepare relevant solutions.
Intracerebroventricular administration of Cystatin C ameliorates disease in SOD1‐linked amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice
Authors: Watanabe Seiji , Komine Okiru , Endo Fumito , Wakasugi Keisuke , Yamanaka Koji 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCystatin C (CysC) is a major protein component of Bunina bodies, which are a pathological hallmark observed in the remaining motor neurons of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Dominant mutations in the SOD1 gene, encoding Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), are causative for a subset of inherited ALS cases. Our previous study showed that CysC exerts a neuroprotective effect against mutant SOD1‐mediated toxicity in vitro; however, in vivo evidence of the beneficial effects mediated by CysC remains obscure. Here we examined the therapeutic potential of recombinant human CysC in vivo using a mouse model of ALS in which the ALS‐linked mutated SOD1 gene is expressed (SOD1G93A mice). Intracerebroventricular administration of CysC during the early symptomatic SOD1G93A mice extended their survival times. Administered CysC was predominantly distributed in ventral horn neurons including motor neurons, and induced autophagy through AMP‐activated kinase activation to reduce the amount of insoluble mutant SOD1 species. Moreover, PGC‐1α, a disease modifier of ALS, was restored by CysC through AMP‐activated kinase activation. Finally, the administration of CysC also promoted aggregation of CysC in motor neurons, which is similar to Bunina bodies. Taken together, our findings suggest that CysC represents a promising therapeutic candidate for ALS.
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EZH2 overexpression in head and neck cancer is related to lymph node metastasis
Authors: Nienstedt Julie C. , Schroeder Cornelia , Clauditz Till , Simon Ronald , Sauter Guido , Muenscher Adrian , Blessmann Marco , Hanken Henning , Pflug Christina 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundEnhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), the catalytic subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2, plays an important role in tumor development and progression by interacting with histone and non‐histone proteins. EZH2 represents a putative therapeutic target and has been suggested as a prognostic marker in several cancer types.Material and MethodsThis study investigates the prognostic relevance of immunohistochemical EZH2 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Tissue microarray sections with 667 cancers of oral cavity, oro‐ and hypopharynx and larynx were analyzed for EZH2 expression.ResultsNuclear EZH2 staining was recorded in 322 (81.8%) of 394 cases. Staining was weak in 33 (10.2%), moderate in 128 (39.6%), and strong in 103 (32.0%) cancers. The prevalence of EZH2 expression in tumors of the oral cavity and the orohypopharynx was higher as compared to cancers of the larynx (P = .0023). EZH2 expression was correlated to presence of lymph node metastasis (P = .0089) but was unrelated to histological grade, tumor stage, surgical margin, or distant metastasis. EZH2 expression had no impact on patient survival.ConclusionThe high prevalence of EZH2 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma stresses its capability as a therapeutic target.
The relationships between fluoride intake levels and fluorosis of late‐erupting permanent teeth
Authors: Bhagavatula Pradeep , Curtis Alexandra , Broffitt Barbara , Weber‐Gasparoni Karin , Warren John , Levy Steven M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the relationships between fluoride intake levels and fluorosis of late‐erupting permanent teeth.MethodsThe current study used information collected from 437 children in the longitudinal Iowa Fluoride Study. Participants' fluoride intake information was collected using questionnaires from birth to age 10 years. Estimated mean daily fluoride intake was categorized into low, moderate, and high intake tertiles for each age interval (2‐5, 5‐8, and 2‐8 years). Bivariate analyses were performed to study the relationships between self‐reported fluoride intake levels during three age intervals and dental fluorosis.ResultsFor canines and second molars, the prevalence of mostly mild fluorosis was less than 10% in the lowest fluoride intake tertile and more than 25% in the highest intake tertile. For both first and second premolars, the prevalence in the low and high intake tertiles was approximately 10‐15% and 25‐40%, respectively. When estimated total daily fluoride intake was 0.04 mg/kg BW during ages 2‐8 years, the predicted probability of fluorosis was 16.0%, 20.5%, 21.8%, and 15.4% for canines, 1st and 2nd and premolars and 2nd molars, respectively. We found that an incremental increase in fluoride intake during the age 5‐ to 8‐year interval led to greater odds for development of mostly mild dental fluorosis in late‐erupting teeth compared to increases in fluoride intake during other age intervals.ConclusionsOur results clearly show that dental fluorosis prevalence is closely related to fluoride intake levels and that teeth have greater susceptibility to fluoride intake during certain age intervals.
Systematic review of studies of mental health nurses’ experience of anger and of its relationships with their attitudes and practice
Authors: Jalil R. , Dickens G. L. 
Published: December 2017

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

It is generally felt that it is helpful for mental health nurses to control their emotions during their work. There are different approaches, but there is growing acceptance that different emotions may need different coping strategies.

There is lots of evidence that nurses sometimes feel anger in a number of situations, but the research about anger in mental health nurses has never been examined as a whole.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

We have systematically identified all previous research where nurses completed measures that tried to measure their anger in certain situations, compared it to other people or investigated how it affected them or what its relationship was with their practice.

Only a few studies have measured nurses’ anger. However, it seems that while nurses are not generally angrier than any other group, they do often feel anger in relation to management of patient aggression and their job situation more generally.

What are the implications for practice?

Anger is the most commonly reported problematic emotion for mental health nurses. It may influence their practice and affect their well‐being. This has implications for staff support and training.

AbstractIntroductionEmotional regulation is important in mental health nursing practice, but individual emotions may require different regulation strategies. There is ample evidence that nurses experience anger specifically during their work, for example when experiencing patient aggression. It is, therefore, important to consolidate what is known about how anger manifests in mental health nursing practice.AimWe aimed to systematically identify, evaluate and synthesize results from studies about mental health nurses and anger, where anger was measured objectively.MethodsSystematic literature review based on PRISMA guidelines.ResultsWe identified 12 studies. A range of validated and nonvalidated instruments was used. Mental health nurses may have lower levels of anger than normative samples, but anger is commonly reported as an issue for them. Anger was studied in relation to its links with (1) clinical management of patients, notably violence containment; and (2) employment issues more generally, notably job motivation. Anger is related to nurses’ attitudes about the acceptability of coercion, but there is no evidence that it results in more coercion.Implications for practiceNurses should be aware of the potential influence of anger on their practice. Anger, specifically, should be considered when supporting mental health nurses, for example in clinical supervision. Emotional regulation training should target anger.
Atmospheric ammonia alters lipid metabolism‐related genes in the livers of broilers (Gallus gallus)
Authors: Sa R. N. , Xing H. , Luan S. J. , Sun Y. B. , Sun C. Y. , Zhang H. F. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryAtmospheric ammonia in animal housing is reported to have adverse effects on livestock performance and animal health. Previous experiments have found that 75 ppm ammonia reduced the production performance and altered body fat distribution quality of broilers. In this study, we examined the body fat distribution, serum metabolites and lipid metabolism gene expression of broiler exposed to ammonia. A total of 400 chickens were randomly allocated to four groups with four replicates and received ammonia treatments at 0, 25, 50 and 75 ppm, respectively, for 3 weeks. The average daily feed intake and weight gain were decreased when broiler was exposed to ammonia concentration exceeding 50 ppm (p < .05). The increased abdominal fat and reduced thickness of subcutaneous adipose were found in broilers of 75 ppm group (p < .05). When ammonia exceeded 50 ppm, the content of fat in breast muscle of broiler was increased, and when ammonia was higher than 25 ppm, the fat in liver was increased (p < .05). It showed that the fat content in liver was a sensitive index for broilers exposed to ammonia. Furthermore, ammonia exposure had no significant effect on total cholesterol and triglyceride in serum, but significantly increased the relative mRNA expression of acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (p = .046) and malic enzyme in liver (p = .038), which indicated that ammonia exposure may increase the de novo fat synthesis in liver. In addition, ammonia increased the high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = .02) and activity of hepatic lipase in serum (p < .001), which indicated that ammonia exposure may improve the transportation of cholesterol to liver. To conclude, our results indicated that ammonia exposure might increase the de novo fat synthesis in liver and increased the transportation of cholesterol to liver. In addition, the concentration of ammonia in poultry house should be limited lower than 25 ppm based on the variation of hepatic fat content.
Kinetics of solutes and particles of different size in the digestive tract of cattle of 0.5–10 years of age, and relationships with methane production
Authors: Grandl F. , Schwarm A. , Ortmann S. , Furger M. , Kreuzer M. , Clauss M. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThe digestive physiology of cattle is characterised by comparatively long digesta mean retention times (MRTs), a particle sorting mechanism (difference in MRTs of large vs. small particles) and a distinct digesta washing (difference in MRTs between particles and fluids) in the reticulorumen (RR). How these processes mature during ontogeny, and how they link to other digestion characteristics and methane production, is largely unknown. We used a set of passage markers (Co‐EDTA for fluids and hay particles of 2, 5 and 8 mm length mordanted with Cr, La and Ce, respectively) to measure MRTs in 12 heifers (0.5–2.1 years; hay only) and two groups of 15 lactating cows (2.4–10.0 years; forage‐only vs. forage‐concentrate diet). The MRTs differed between markers (Co < Cr < La < Ce) and were longer in heifers than cows, consistent with the lower feed intake in heifers. MRTs were mostly similar between cow groups and increased with age. Digesta washing was not affected by group, age, feed intake and number of chews per unit of feed. The degree of digesta washing was not related to CH4 measures. Particle sorting was more prominent in cows than heifers but did not differ between cow groups or change with age in cows. This could be the consequence of the abrupt increase in intake from heifers to cows at a time when gut capacity is not yet fully developed; particle sorting might then clear smaller particles from the RR sooner allowing a higher intake. Surprisingly, CH4 yield per ingested feed did not correlate with MRTs, and CH4 yield per unit of digested fibre decreased with increasing MRTs and with increasing fibre digestibility. As this pattern occurred in heifers and both cow groups, it appeared independent of age, indicating a mechanism that has not been described in the literature so far and requires further investigation.
Effect of competition and landscape characteristics on mesocarnivore cohabitation in badger setts
Authors: Tammeleht E. , Kuuspu M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMesocarnivores are becoming increasingly influential in ecosystems due to the ongoing loss of large carnivores. However, interactions within mesocarnivore communities remain poorly understood. We studied how competitive coexistence influences cohabitation of badgers (Meles meles) with other European mesocarnivores, and badger habitat selection at sett site and sett environ scales (within a 700 m radius buffer). We used data on the location and use of 234 badger setts in a 39 000 km2 area of mainland Estonia (Northern Europe) to assess the importance of sett occupancy by badgers, the regional abundance of other mesocarnivores (fox/raccoon dog), bedrock complex and landscape in explaining the presence of other mesocarnivores at badger setts. We also compared data from observed setts and random locations to study sett site selection. Setts where foxes or raccoon dogs were present had a lower proportion of active badger entrances and were more likely to be found in forests of agricultural areas, compared with setts where these species were absent. Sett locations tended to occur more frequently in older meso‐ and eutrophic forests on sandy soils. Badgers tended to avoid human infrastructure at sett locations and in the sett environ when selecting sett locations. Our results reveal the influence of habitat fragmentation and competitive relationships on cohabitation between terrestrial carnivores.
Arterialized collateral capillaries progress from nonreactive to capable of increasing perfusion in an ischemic arteriolar tree
Authors: Gouin Kenneth H. , Hellstrom Sara K. , Clegg Lindsay E. , Cutts Josh , Mac Gabhann Feilim , Cardinal Trevor R. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveCCA, outward remodeling of capillaries that anastomose 2 arteriolar trees with different parent feed arteries, may represent a therapeutic target for patients who lack collaterals. ACCs can reperfuse an ischemic tree, but their functional capacity is unknown. Therefore, we determined whether ACCs mature into resistance vessels that regulate blood flow following arterial occlusion.MethodsWe ligated the lateral spinotrapezius feed artery in Balb/C mice, which induces CCA. At days 7 and 21 following occlusion, we measured vasodilation of ACCs using intravital microscopy and blood flow in the ischemic tree using LSF. We determined the presence of ACCs and neurovascular alignment with immunofluorescence.ResultsAt day 7, ACCs do not vasodilate following muscle contraction and have reduced responses to endothelial‐ and smooth muscle‐dependent agents. By day 21, ACCs exhibit normal vasodilation, accompanied by normalized increases in relative blood flow to the ischemic zone. Although functioning as resistance vessels by regulating blood flow, ACCs do not appear to be innervated.ConclusionsACCs mature into resistance vessels that regulate blood flow to the downstream tissue. Therefore, induction of mature ACCs may be a target for reducing ischemia in patients who lack collateral networks.