bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epididymitis bei Kindern: fact or fiction
Authors: Beetz Rolf , Stehr Maximilian 
Published: May 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Epididymitis zählt im Kindesalter zu den die häufigsten Ursache des akuten Skrotums. Im Unterschied zum Erwachsenenalter liegt ihr in dieser Altersstufe eher selten eine nachweisbare aszendierende bakterielle Infektion zugrunde. Meist bleibt die Ätiologie ungeklärt. Während beim Vorliegen einer Leukozyturie und einer signifikanten Bakteriurie eine resistenzgerechte antibakterielle Therapie möglich ist, stehen in den übrigen Fällen eindeutige Kriterien, die eine Entscheidung für eine akute antibakterielle Therapie erlauben, nicht zur Verfügung. Dass trotzdem in der alltäglichen Praxis eine antibakterielle Therapie bei Epididymitis eingeleitet wird, basiert daher auf der Annahme der Möglichkeit („Fiktion“) der Infektion und nicht auf Fakten.Dieses Dilemma lässt sich wahrscheinlich erst dann auflösen, wenn geeignete diagnostischen Marker für unterschiedliche Auslösemechanismen der Epididymitis gefunden werden.
Stabilität und Wechsel der von angehenden Fachärztinnen und Fachärzten angestrebte fachärztliche Anerkennung nach vier Weiterbildungsjahren
Authors: van den Bussche Hendrik , Ziegler Stine , Krause-Solberg Lea , Scherer Martin 
Published: May 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Es wurde untersucht, in welcher Disziplin Ärztinnen und Ärzte nach 4 Jahren Weiterbildung ihre fachärztliche Anerkennung anstreben und die Ergebnisse mit denen vorhergehender Erhebungen verglichen. Im Fokus standen dabei geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede und der Einfluss der Elternschaft.
Methoden Es wurden jährlich standardisierte postalische Befragungen mit den Absolventinnen und Absolventen von 7 medizinischen Fakultäten vom Praktischen Jahr bis nach 4 Jahren Weiterbildung durchgeführt. Die Rücklaufquote betrug 48% im ersten Jahr und in den Folgejahren stets 85% und mehr. In allen Erhebungen waren etwa zwei Drittel der Befragten weiblich. Zur Datenauswertung wurden deskriptive Statistik und Regressionsanalysen angewandt.
Ergebnisse Im Vergleich zum Ende des Medizinstudiums haben Anästhesiologie und Allgemeinmedizin an Beliebtheit gewonnen, während die chirurgischen Disziplinen über die Jahre ihre Attraktivität eingebüßt haben. Diese Entwicklungen fanden in beiden Geschlechtern statt. Innere Medizin mit Schwerpunkt, Kinderheilkunde und Frauenheilkunde verloren vor allem bei Frauen an Popularität. Disziplinpräferenzen hängen nachweislich mit dem bevorzugten Arbeitszeitmodell nach der Weiterbildung und mit dem Elternschaftsstatus zusammen.
Schlussfolgerung Die Daten zeigen, dass nicht die „Feminisierung“ Grund für den Attraktivitätszuwachs der Anästhesiologie und Allgemeinmedizin ist, denn diese Entwicklungen waren in den 4 Jahren Weiterbildung in beiden Geschlechtern zu beobachten. Die abnehmende Beliebtheit der klinischen und insbesondere der schneidenden Disziplinen erhöhen das Risiko einer personellen Unterversorgung im Krankenhaus. Dieses Problem könnte durch die zunehmende Attraktivität von Teilzeitarbeit noch verstärkt werden.
Tenosynovitis Evaluation Using Image Fusion and B-Flow – A Pilot Study on New Imaging Techniques in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: Ammitzbøll-Danielsen Mads , Glinatsi Daniel , Torp-Pedersen Søren , Møller Jacob , Naredo Esperanza , Ostergaard Mikkel , Terslev Lene 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to compare the assessment of tenosynovitis by ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using the image fusion technique and to investigate whether US B-flow imaging (BFI) is an alternative to Doppler US when assessing tenosynovitis.
Materials and Methods 15 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) had US-verified tenosynovitis in the wrist/hand. An MRI was performed of the wrist/hand with subsequent repeated US and image fusion. Images were compared in three steps: 1. Visual image comparison, 2. Quantitative measurement of transverse areas of the affected tendon and tendon sheath, using two tendon measures on MRI, area 1 and area 2, excluding and including partial volume artifacts, respectively, 3. Assessment using the OMERACT semi-quantitative scoring systems for US and MRI. Furthermore, BFI was assessed as: 0: No flow, 1: Focal flow, 2: Multifocal flow, 3: Diffuse flow, in the tendon sheath.
Results The median areas on US and MRI (areas 1 and 2) were 0.16 cm2 (25;75 pctl: 0.10; 0.25), 0.9 cm2 (0.06; 0.18) and 0.13 cm2 (0.10; 0.25), respectively, for included tendons and 0.18 cm2 (0.13; 0.26), 0.27 cm2 (0.20; 0.45) and 0.23 cm2 (0.16; 0.40) for tendon sheaths. No statistically significant difference was found between US tendon area and MRI tendon area 2 (Wilcoxon’s test; p = 0.47). Overall, the agreement between grayscale and color Doppler (CD) US and MRI tenosynovitis visualization and scoring was good, but not between CD and BFI.
Conclusion US and MRI have high agreement using image fusion for the assessment of tenosynovitis when partial volume artifacts are taken into account. BFI is not an alternative to CD for the measurement of slow flow in tenosynovitis.
Impfstatus von Kindern und Erzieher(innen) in Kindertageseinrichtungen der Landeshauptstadt Düsseldorf – Querschnittsstudie
Authors: Dilmaghani Delbar , Schäfer Michael , Bredahl Renate , Göbels Klaus 
Published: May 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Das Gesundheitsamt der Landeshauptstadt Düsseldorf verfolgte mit dieser Querschnittsstudie das Ziel, den aktuellen Impfstatus von Kindern und Erziehern in Kin-dertageseinrichtungen in Düsseldorf zu ermitteln. Zudem war die Untersuchung der Beziehung zwischen den 5 Sozialraumclustern in Düsseldorf und den Impfquoten von Interesse. Insbesondere aufgrund der Änderung des IfSG vom Juli 2015 nimmt ein aufmerksames Monitoring der aktuellen Impfsituation an Bedeutung zu.
Methodik Es wurde ein gewichtetes cluster random sampling angewandt, um 50 Kindertageseinrichtungen aus den 5 verschiedenen Sozialraumclustern auszuwählen. Dazu wurden Fragebögen an die ausgewählten Kindertageseinrichtungen versandt und die Daten wurden mit deskriptiven statistischen Methoden ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse 76,0% der Kinder waren gegen MMR immunisiert, 68,2% gegen Varizellen und 75,4% gegen Meningokokken C. Mit steigendem Alter nahmen die Impfquoten der Kinder zu. 96,4% der Erzieher, die nach 1970 geboren wurden, haben keine Impfungen gegen Varizellen erhalten, 17,9% wurden nicht gegen MMR geimpft und 82,1% wurden nicht gegen Meningokokken C geimpft.
Schlussfolgerung Die Impfquoten der Kinder in den ausgewählten Kindertageseinrich-tungen in Düsseldorf fielen deutlich niedriger aus im Vergleich zu den Impfquoten aus den Daten der Schuleingangsuntersuchungen in Düsseldorf, NRW und in Deutschland. Aufgrund der niedrigen Rücklaufquote (11%) fanden die Methoden der Inferenzstatistik keine Anwendung und Schlussfolgerungen zu den Daten der Erzieher sind nur eingeschränkt möglich.
Der protektive Einfluss Müllerʼscher Gliazellen auf retinale Ganglienzellen
Authors: Schmidt Manuela , Savkovic-Cvijic Helena , Eichler Wolfram , Unterlauft Jan 
Published: May 2017

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die Müllerʼschen Gliazellen übernehmen in der Netzhaut vielfältige Aufgaben und gewährleisten damit deren regelrechte Funktion. Wie stark die neuroprotektive Wirkung von Müller-Zellen auf retinale Ganglienzellen (RGC) ist, soll untersucht werden.
Material und Methoden RGC wurden für 24 Stunden alleine oder in Kokultur mit Müllerʼschen Gliazellen unter normoxischen (20% O2, 5% CO2) und hypoxischen (0,2% O2, 5% CO2, 94,8% N2) Bedingungen kultiviert. Die Anzahl lebender RGC und die Länge der neu ausgebildeten Neuriten dienten zur Beurteilung der Zellvitalität.
Ergebnisse Unter normoxischen Kulturbedingungen war die Anzahl vitaler RGC in Kokultur (62,85 ± 2,06%) signifikant höher (p < 0,01) als in der homotypischen RGC-Kultur (47,29 ± 2,83%). Unter Hypoxie war die Anzahl vitaler RGC in der Kokultur (41,07 ± 2,28%) ebenfalls signifikant höher (p < 0,01) als in der homotypischen RGC-Kultur (28,49 ± 2,16%). Die Länge der neu gebildeten Neuriten war in der normoxischen Kokultur am größten (90,7 ± 7,4 µm), zeigte aber nur im Vergleich zwischen normoxischer Kokultur und homotypischer RGC-Kultur einen signifikanten Unterschied (p = 0,04).
Schlussfolgerung Müllerʼsche Gliazellen unterstützen das Überleben von RGC unter normoxischen und hypoxischen Bedingungen. Ein weiterer Parameter zur Bewertung der Zellvitalität neben der Anzahl lebender RGC ist die Länge der neu ausgebildeten Neuriten.
Thermal Ablation of Lung Tumors: Focus on Microwave Ablation
Authors: Vogl Thomas , Nour-Eldin Nour-Eldin , Albrecht Moritz , Kaltenbach Benjamin , Hohenforst-Schmidt Wolfgang , Lin Han , Panahi Bita , Eichler Kathrin , Gruber-Rouh Tatjana , Roman Andrei 
Published: May 2017

Background Image-guided thermal ablation can be used for the treatment of medically inoperable primary and metastatic lung cancer. These techniques are based on the heating up or freezing (cryoablation) of a volume of tissue around a percutaneous applicator that induces necrosis of the tumor.
Method The English-language literature concerning thermal ablation of the lung was reviewed. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is the most widely performed and investigated of these techniques. Microwave ablation (MWA) represents a relatively new alternative that shares the same indications and is conducted in a very similar fashion as RFA. It has been experimentally and clinically shown that MWA produces larger, more spherical ablation zones over shorter periods of time compared to RFA. Seven different MWA systems are available in Europe and the USA with significant differences in the size and shape of the produced ablation zones.
Results The types of complications caused by MWA and their rates of occurrence are very similar to those caused by RFA. The local progression rates after MWA of lung malignancies vary between 0 % and 34 % and are similar to those in the RFA literature.
Conclusion Despite technical improvements, the current generation of MWA systems has comparable clinical outcomes to those of RFA.
Key Points
Citation Format
Linkage disequilibrium matches forensic genetic records to disjoint genomic marker sets
Authors: Edge Michael D. , Algee-Hewitt Bridget F. B. , Pemberton Trevor J. , Li Jun Z. , Rosenberg Noah A. 
Published: May 2017

Significance
We describe a method for identifying in distinct genetic datasets observations that represent the same person. By using correlations among genetic markers close to one another in the genome, the method can succeed even if the datasets contain no overlapping markers. We show that the method can link a dataset similar to those used in genomic studies with another dataset containing markers used for forensics. Our approach can assist in maintaining backward compatibility with databases of existing forensic genetic profiles as systems move to new marker types. At the same time, it illustrates that the privacy risks that can arise from the cross-linking of databases are inherent even for small numbers of markers.
Long-read sequencing uncovers the adaptive topography of a carnivorous plant genome
Authors: Lan Tianying , Renner Tanya , Ibarra-Laclette Enrique , Farr Kimberly M. , Chang Tien-Hao , Cervantes-Pérez Sergio Alan , Zheng Chunfang , Sankoff David , Tang Haibao , Purbojati Rikky W. , Putra Alexander , Drautz-Moses Daniela I. , Schuster Stephan C. , Herrera-Estrella Luis , Albert Victor A. 
Published: May 2017

SignificanceCarnivorous plants capture and digest animal prey for nutrition. In addition to being carnivorous, the humped bladderwort plant,Utricularia gibba, has the smallest reliably assembled flowering plant genome. We generated an updated genome assembly based on single-molecule sequencing to address questions regarding the bladderwort’s genome adaptive landscape. Among encoded genes, we segregated those that could be confidently distinguished as having derived from small-scale versus whole-genome duplication processes and showed that conspicuous expansions of gene families useful for prey trapping and processing derived mainly from localized duplication events. Such small-scale, tandem duplicates are therefore revealed as essential elements in the bladderwort’s carnivorous adaptation.
Involvement of a gut–retina axis in protection against dietary glycemia-induced age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Rowan Sheldon , Jiang Shuhong , Korem Tal , Szymanski Jedrzej , Chang Min-Lee , Szelog Jason , Cassalman Christa , Dasuri Kalavathi , McGuire Christina , Nagai Ryoji , Du Xue-Liang , Brownlee Michael , Rabbani Naila , Thornalley Paul J. , Baleja James D. , Deik Amy A. , Pierce Kerry A. , Scott Justin M. , Clish Clary B. , Smith Donald E. , Weinberger Adina , Avnit-Sagi Tali , Lotan-Pompan Maya , Segal Eran , Taylor Allen 
Published: May 2017

SignificanceFood is medicine, and diet impacts the risk for and progression of age-related macular degeneration AMD, but we have few clues as to why. We found that wild-type mice fed a high-glycemic-index diet similar in composition to the Western diet developed a disease state that resembles dry AMD. To gain insight into the mechanism, we used LC-MS– and NMR-based metabolomics to discover diet-, metabolic-, and AMD-associated phenotypes. These studies revealed changes in the gut microbiota that altered the production of metabolites that protected against AMD, including serotonin. Changing the diet to a low-glycemic-index diet, even late in life, arrested the development of AMD, offering dietary interventions for AMD.
Control of metastatic niche formation by targeting APBA3/Mint3 in inflammatory monocytes
Authors: Hara Toshiro , Nakaoka Hiroki J. , Hayashi Tetsuro , Mimura Kouhei , Hoshino Daisuke , Inoue Masahiro , Nagamura Fumitaka , Murakami Yoshinori , Seiki Motoharu , Sakamoto Takeharu 
Published: May 2017

Significance
Metastasis complicates cancer treatment. This process is intricately orchestrated by both cancer and normal cells. Thus, new antimetastasis drugs targeting normal cells that interact with cancer cells constitutes a promising approach, as long as body homeostasis is unaffected. Here, we focused on a unique feature of metastasis-promoting monocytes/macrophages: their dependence on aerobic glycolysis for energy production. APBA3 promotes aerobic glycolysis by activating HIF-1 in macrophages. APBA3 depletion decreases ATP production by approximately 60% in macrophages without affecting other cells. We show that depletion of APBA3 in monocytes suppresses their recruitment to the metastatic niche and E-selectin induction in endothelial cells, resulting in metastasis inhibition. Thus, targeting APBA3 may be useful for preventing metastasis, with few side effects.
Temporal Trends in Stream Habitat on Managed Forestlands in Coastal Southeast Alaska
Authors: Martin Douglas J. , Shelly Alice 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
We evaluated trends in fish habitat condition and their relationship to natural and management-associated disturbances in forests of coastal Southeast Alaska. Monitoring data spanning 9–19 years (1994–2012) from 14 stream reaches were examined using linear mixed-effects models to evaluate patterns and trends in fish habitat condition. Modeling detected multiple patterns of habitat change that included postharvest pulses in large wood (LW) recruitment and reductions in substrate particle size, both followed by long-term trends (average LW density increased by 0.8–0.9 pieces/year; median substrate particle size decreased by 0.6–1.3 mm/year) that were observed up to two decades after harvest. Trends in spawning gravel followed patterns of change in substrate except at higher-gradient, cobble-dominated reaches, where the reduction in substrate particle size improved spawning habitat. Trends in pool habitat were not detectable over the short term for most attributes but exhibited gradual changes after harvest that became strongly evident over the long term (average residual pool depth increased by 0.5 cm/year, wood-formed pools increased by 0.9% per year). The changes in habitat conditions and correlations with riparian forest attributes (buffer strip length and wind exposure) suggested that the habitat responses were related to increased tree windthrow after timber harvest. Furthermore, the degree to which LW recruits functioned in forming pools appeared to influence long-term trends in stream habitat. We observed that only 26% of new LW recruits, on average, were functioning to form habitat and that wood function increased over time, peaking (72% of recruits were functioning) about three decades after recruitment. Our monitoring over two decades enabled us to discern slowly evolving trends, showed how trends in pool habitat that are not initially evident may be associated with buffer disturbances (windthrow and landslides), and demonstrated the long-term consequences of management actions.
Received August 2, 2016; accepted May 5, 2017 Published online July 12, 2017
Synthesis of aurachins B and H
Authors: Takahashi Kazuki , Kuwahara Shigefumi , Enomoto Masaru 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The synthesis of aurachin B, an antibiotic that features a C3-oxygen-substituted quinoline N-oxide nucleus bearing a farnesyl side chain at C4, was accomplished in 60% overall yield from o-nitrotoluene by a concise five-step sequence. An enantioselective synthesis of aurachin H was also achieved for the first time in only two steps from an optically active epoxy iodide.
Platelet extracellular vesicles induce a pro‐inflammatory smooth muscle cell phenotype
Authors: Vajen Tanja , Benedikter Birke J. , Heinzmann Alexandra C. A. , Vasina Elena M. , Henskens Yvonne , Parsons Martin , Maguire Patricia B. , Stassen Frank R. , Heemskerk Johan W. M. , Schurgers Leon J. , Koenen Rory R. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are mediators of cell communication during health and disease, and abundantly released by platelets upon activation or during ageing. Platelet EVs exert modulatory effects on immune and vascular cells. Platelet EVs may modulate the function of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC). Platelet EVs were isolated from platelet‐rich plasma and incubated with SMC in order to assess binding, proliferation, migration and pro‐inflammatory phenotype of the cells. Platelet EVs firmly bound to resting SMC through the platelet integrin αIIbβ3, while binding also occurred in a CX3CL1–CX3CR1‐dependent manner after cytokine stimulation. Platelet EVs increased SMC migration comparable to platelet derived growth factor or platelet factor 4 and induced SMC proliferation, which relied on CD40‐ and P‐selectin interactions. Flow‐resistant monocyte adhesion to platelet EV‐treated SMC was increased compared with resting SMC. Again, this adhesion depended on integrin αIIbβ3 and P‐selectin, and to a lesser extent on CD40 and CX3CR1. Treatment of SMC with platelet EVs induced interleukin 6 secretion. Finally, platelet EVs induced a synthetic SMC morphology and decreased calponin expression. Collectively, these data indicate that platelet EVs exert a strong immunomodulatory activity on SMC. In particular, platelet EVs induce a switch towards a pro‐inflammatory phenotype, stimulating vascular remodelling.
International comparison Euramet.QM-K111—propane in nitrogen
Authors: Hout J Wouter van der , Veen Adriaan M H van der , Ziel Paul R , Kipphardt Heinrich , Tuma Dirk , Maiwald Michael , Fernández Teresa E , Gómez Concepción , Cieciora Dariusz , Ochman Grzegorz , Dias Florbela , Silvino Victor , Macé Tatiana , Sutour Christophe , Marioni Fabrice , Ackermann Andreas , Niederhauser Bernhard , Fükő Judit , Büki Tamás , Szilágyi Zsófia Nagyné , Tarhan Tanıl , Engin Erinç 
Published: May 2017

This key comparison aims to assess the core capabilities of the participants in gas analysis. Such competences include, among others, the capabilities to prepare Primary Standard gas Mixtures (PSMs), perform the necessary purity analysis on the materials used in the gas mixture preparation, the verification of the composition of newly prepared PSMs against existing ones, and the capability of calibrating the composition of a gas mixture. According to the Strategy for Key Comparisons of the Gas Analysis Working Group, this key comparison is classified as an RMO track A key comparison.
The artefacts were binary mixtures of propane in nitrogen at a nominal amount-of-substance fraction level of 1000 μmol/mol. The values and uncertainties from the gravimetric gas mixture preparation were used as key comparison reference values (KCRVs). Each transfer standard had its own KCRV. The results are generally good. All results are within ± 1 % of the KCRV.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Coulomb stress transfer and fault interaction over millennia on non-planar active normal faults: the Mw 6.5–5.0 seismic sequence of 2016–2017, central Italy
Authors: Mildon Zoe K. , Roberts Gerald P. , Faure Walker Joanna P. , Iezzi Francesco 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn order to investigate the importance of including strike-variable geometry and the knowledge of historical and palaeoseismic earthquakes when modelling static Coulomb stress transfer and rupture propagation, we have examined the August–October 2016 A.D. and January 2017 A.D. central Apennines seismic sequence (Mw 6.0, 5.9, 6.5 in 2016 A.D. (INGV) and Mw 5.1, 5.5, 5.4, 5.0 in 2017 A.D. (INGV)). We model both the coseismic loading (from historical and palaeoseismic earthquakes) and interseismic loading (derived from Holocene fault slip-rates) using strike-variable fault geometries constrained by fieldwork. The inclusion of the elapsed times from available historical and palaeoseismological earthquakes and on faults enables us to calculate the stress on the faults prior to the beginning of the seismic sequence. We take account the 1316–4155 yr elapsed time on the Mt. Vettore fault (that ruptured during the 2016 A.D. seismic sequence) implied by palaeoseismology, and the 377 and 313 yr elapsed times on the neighbouring Laga and Norcia faults respectively, indicated by the historical record. The stress changes through time are summed to show the state of stress on the Mt. Vettore, Laga and surrounding faults prior to and during the 2016–2017 A.D. sequence. We show that the build up of stress prior to 2016 A.D. on strike-variable fault geometries generated stress heterogeneities that correlate with the limits of the main-shock ruptures. Hence, we suggest that stress barriers appear to have control on the propagation and therefore the magnitudes of the main-shock ruptures.