bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumour‐associated changes in intestinal epithelial cells cause local accumulation of KLRG1+GATA3+ regulatory T cells in mice
Authors: Meinicke Holger , Bremser Anna , Brack Maria , Akeus Paulina , Pearson Claire , Bullers Samuel , Hoffmeyer Katrin , Stemmler Marc P. , Quiding‐Järbrink Marianne , Izcue Ana 
Published: April 2017

SummaryCD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells include differentiated populations of effector Treg cells characterized by the expression of specific transcription factors. Tumours, including intestinal malignancies, often present with local accumulation of Treg cells that can prevent tumour clearance, but how tumour progression leads to Treg cell accumulation is incompletely understood. Here using genetically modified mouse models we show that ablation of E‐cadherin, a process associated with epithelial to mesenchymal transition and tumour progression, promotes the accumulation of intestinal Treg cells by the specific accumulation of the KLRG1+ GATA3+ Treg subset. Epithelial E‐cadherin ablation activates the β‐catenin pathway, and we find that increasing β‐catenin signals in intestinal epithelial cells also boosts Treg cell frequencies through local accumulation of KLRG1+ GATA3+ Treg cells. Both E‐cadherin ablation and increased β‐catenin signals resulted in epithelial cells with higher levels of interleukin‐33, a cytokine that preferentially expands KLRG1+ GATA3+ Treg cells. Tumours often present reduced E‐cadherin expression and increased β‐catenin signalling and interleukin‐33 production. Accordingly, Treg cell accumulation in intestinal tumours from APCmin/+ mice was exclusively due to the increase in KLRG1+ GATA3+ Treg cells. Our data identify a novel axis through which epithelial cells control local Treg cell subsets, which may be activated during intestinal tumorigenesis.
Toward tunable and bright deep‐red persistent luminescence of Cr3+ in garnets
Authors: Xu Jian , Ueda Jumpei , Tanabe Setsuhisa 
Published: April 2017

AbstractGarnet structure (A3B2C3O12) with three different cation sites is a very flexible host material widely used for w‐LEDs, solid‐state lasers, scintillators, and so on. In this work, we have successfully developed six different Cr3+‐doped garnets: Y3Ga4.99Cr0.01O12 (YGG:Cr), Gd3Ga4.99Cr0.01O12 (GGG:Cr), Lu3Ga4.99Cr0.01O12 (LuGG:Cr), Y3Sc1.99Cr0.01Ga3O12 (YSGG:Cr), Gd3Sc1.99Cr0.01Ga3O12 (GSGG:Cr), and Lu3Sc1.99Cr0.01Ga3O12 (LuSGG:Cr), which exhibit persistent luminescence (PersL) due to Cr3+ emission matching well with both the response curve of the Si detector and the wavelength region of the first biological window (NIR‐I, 650‐950 nm). The main emission band of Cr3+ in these garnets can be easily tunable from the sharp R‐line emission due to the 2E (2G)→4A2 (4F) transition in the strong crystal field to the broad band emission due to the 4T2 (4F)→4A2 (4F) transition in the weak one when Lu3+ in the A site and Ga3+ in the B site are, respectively, replaced by larger cations, Y3+/Gd3+ and Sc3+. Furthermore, based on the knowledge of 4f energy levels of 15 lanthanide ions in the host‐referred binding energy (HRBE) diagram, we took the GSGG host as a typical example to discuss the feasibility of four trivalent lanthanides (Sm3+, Eu3+, Tm3+, Yb3+) as potential sensitizers for enhancing Cr3+ PersL.
Structural changes during crystallization of apatite and wollastonite in the eutectic glass of Ca3(PO4)2‐CaSiO3system
Authors: Magallanes‐Perdomo Marlin , De Aza Antonio H. , Sobrados Isabel , Sanz Jesús , Luklinska Zofia B. , Pena Pilar 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn this study, a bioactive glass of eutectic composition based on Ca3(PO4)2‐CaSiO3system was prepared and investigated. It was found that by controlling the nucleation and growth of crystals, a glass‐ceramics free from cracks, containing one or two crystalline phases, and of controlled nano‐ to microscale microstructure can be obtained. Heat treatment of the parent glass produces various calcium phosphates (Ca‐deficient apatite and α‐tricalcium phosphate) and calcium silicates (pseudo‐wollastonite and/or wollastonite‐2M) plus amorphous phases. By combining a number of experimental techniques like31P and29Si magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometry, and Rietveld analysis of X‐ray diffraction patterns, a crystallization model was derived, capable of explaining the observed structural and microstructural changes. The determination of amorphous or crystalline phases enabled to produce time‐temperature‐transformation plots. The structural role on the behavior of these materials and its impact on their in vitro bioactivity are also discussed.
Preparation and properties of LixLa0.5TiO3 perovskite oxide electrolytes
Authors: Hu Xitao , Qiang Wenjiang , Huang Bingxin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSolid electrolytes with high lithium ionic conductivity and outstanding mechanical stability are essential for all solid‐state lithium ion batteries. Perovskite LixLa0.5TiO3 is one of the most promising as solid electrolytes candidates. LixLa0.5TiO3 with various initial Li2O (0.5≤x≤0.569) is synthesized by traditional solid‐state reaction at high temperatures. The crystal structure is not remarkably affected by the Li2O quantity, yet higher porosity is obtained as a result of excess Li2O. The Young's modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness are evaluated with indentation method. The Young's modulus increases from 72 to 148 GPa with increasing Li2O, which means that a small variation of Li quantity in LixLa0.5TiO3 results in over a 100% change in Young's modulus. However, the fracture toughness exhibits an opposite trend with that of the Young's modulus. The high Young's modulus and fracture toughness could guarantee the structural integrity during cycle operations.
Explaining biogeographical range size and measuring its effect on species diversification in bark beetles
Authors: Gohli Jostein , Jordal Bjarte H. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimTo test whether geographical range size is influenced by ecological factors and whether species diversification increases with range sizes in bark beetles.LocationGlobalMethodsHere, we (1) evaluate how several predictors – namely mode of reproduction, symbiotic associations with fungi, host‐plant type, utilization of specific host‐plant clades, and level of host‐plant specialization – influence geographical range size, and (2) explicitly test whether range size is associated with species diversification. Analyses were performed with a dataset of 109 genera using Ornstein‐Uhlenbeck adaptation models which control for phylogenetic constraints.ResultsWe found regular inbreeding by sibling mating to predict an increase in geographical range size, whereas angiosperm hosts type predicted smaller geographical ranges compared to gymnosperm associated lineages. Variation in range size was also associated with utilization of specific host‐plant clades, with conifers being the strongest predictor. Furthermore, the number of utilized host‐plant clades showed a positive association with genera level range size. Our analyses also found fungus farming to predict a reduction in geographical range size, but with a smaller effect size than for inbreeding and host‐type. Lastly, we found a strong positive association between biogeographical range size and species diversification rates.Main conclusionsWe conclude that allopatric speciation is an important contributor to the distribution of species richness in bark beetles. Our study supports the idea that range expansion and speciation are intrinsically linked, and that reproductive behaviour and host‐type preference – through their influence on biogeographical dispersal ability – are ultimately determining factors of species diversification in bark beetles.
Effects of natamycin edible films fortified with essential oils on the safety and quality parameters of Kashar cheese
Authors: Yangilar Filiz 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEffects of the edible films coated with natamycin (N) solutions and enriched with essential oils (EOs) were investigated on the chemical (e.g., the rates of pH, dry matter, fat, acidity, salt, protein, water soluble nitrogen, ripening index (RI), 12% trichloroacetic acid‐soluble nitrogen, and pH 4.6 soluble‐nitrogen), microbial (e.g., total number of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria in MRS, lactic acid bacteria in M17, coliform and mould) and sensory properties of Kashar cheese during ripening time (3rd, 30th, 60th and 90th days) in the present study. Antimicrobial effectiveness of the films against moulds was measured on 30th, 60th, and 90th days of storage. The highest and lowest mould counts were determined for the C (2.87 log cfu/g) and N5 (1 log cfu/g) samples, respectively, at 90 days of ripening. Compared to other cheese samples, C and N3 coated cheese samples represented higher levels of water‐soluble nitrogen and RI at the end of storage. N3 coated cheese samples were preferred more by the panellists while N5 coated cheese samples received the lowest scores.Practical applicationsAntibacterial and antioxidant activities of essential oils have received considerable attention in food preservation. During Kashar cheese storage, the edible film incorporating oregano and rosemary essential oils coating process showed reducing effect on the microbial growth and extended the shelf‐life of Kashar cheese.
Neuroprotective effect of epidermal growth factor in experimental acrylamide neuropathy: an electrophysiological approach
Authors: Perez‐Saad H. , Subiros N. , Berlanga J. , Aldana L. , Garcia del Barco D. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe neuroprotective effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been documented in different contexts, but its potential benefits in peripheral neuropathies have been little studied. We investigated the neuroprotective action of EGF in experimental neuropathy induced by acrylamide (ACR). Mice and rats were treated chronically with acrylamide for 6 and 8 weeks, respectively. Concurrently they received EGF in daily doses of 1 and 5 mg/kg in mice and 3 mg/kg in rats, or saline (PBS). ACR severely affected the neurological score, the muscle strength, and the muscle potential M, in mice, as well as F‐waves (F‐Wii), sensory potentials (SPii), and apomorphine‐induced penile erection, in rats. EGF reduced the ACR effects in both species. A dose‐dependent effect of EGF was manifested in the proportion of diseased animals at the end of treatments, as well as in the reduction of M amplitude throughout the treatment. F‐Wii parameters were less protected by EGF than SP. The results show a protective effect of EGF in acrylamide‐induced neuropathy and support previous studies concerning the neuroprotective action of this peptide.
Ultra‐high‐field magnetic resonance spectroscopy in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: Novel mechanistic and diagnostic insights of energy metabolism in non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis and advanced fibrosis
Authors: Traussnigg Stefan , Kienbacher Christian , Gajdošík Martin , Valkovič Ladislav , Halilbasic Emina , Stift Judith , Rechling Christian , Hofer Harald , Steindl‐Munda Petra , Ferenci Peter , Wrba Fritz , Trattnig Siegfried , Krššák Martin , Trauner Michael 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackground & AimsWith the rising prevalence of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and steatohepatitis (NASH) non‐invasive tools obtaining pathomechanistic insights to improve risk stratification are urgently needed. We therefore explored high‐ and ultra‐high‐field magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to obtain novel mechanistic and diagnostic insights into alterations of hepatic lipid, cell membrane and energy metabolism across the spectrum of NAFLD.MethodsMRS and liver biopsy were performed in 30 NAFLD patients with NAFL (n=8) or NASH (n=22). Hepatic lipid content and composition were measured using 3‐Tesla proton (1H)‐MRS. 7‐Tesla phosphorus (31P)‐MRS was applied to determine phosphomonoester (PME) including phosphoethanolamine (PE), phosphodiester (PDE) including glycerophosphocholine (GPC), phosphocreatine (PCr), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), inorganic phosphate (Pi), γ‐ATP and total phosphorus (TP). Saturation transfer technique was used to quantify hepatic ATP flux.ResultsHepatic steatosis in 1H‐MRS highly correlated with histology (P<.001) showing higher values in NASH than NAFL (P<.001) without differences in saturated or unsaturated fatty acid indices. PE/TP ratio increased with advanced fibrosis (F3/4) (P=.002) whereas GPC/PME+PDE decreased (P=.05) compared to no/mild fibrosis (F0‐2). γ‐ATP/TP was lower in advanced fibrosis (P=.049), while PCr/TP increased (P=.01). NADPH/TP increased with higher grades of ballooning (P=.02). Pi‐to‐ATP exchange rate constant (P=.003) and ATP flux (P=.001) were lower in NASH than NAFL.ConclusionsUltra‐high‐field MRS, especially saturation transfer technique uncovers changes in energy metabolism including dynamic ATP flux in inflammation and fibrosis in NASH. Non‐invasive profiling by MRS appears feasible and may assist further mechanistic and therapeutic studies in NAFLD/NASH.
Epicardial Brugada syndrome ablation unmasking inferior J waves
Authors: Lee Adam , Kohler Heidi , Wright Daniel , Haqqani Haris M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPatients with Brugada syndrome are at risk of life‐threatening ventricular arrhythmias. Epicardial substrate ablation for Brugada syndrome has been described as a means of controlling these arrhythmias and recent reports describe elimination of the Brugada phenotype with ablation. We describe a unique case in which a patient developed inferior J waves with an early repolarization‐type electrocardiogram following successful epicardial infundibular substrate ablation (which eliminated the Brugada syndrome electrocardiogram on ajmaline challenge). We discuss the likely underlying pathophysiology responsible for this phenomenon, its relationship to the anatomic obstacles encountered during epicardial ablation, and the implications for long‐term arrhythmic risk.
Effects of creatine supplementation on cardiac autonomic functions in bodybuilders
Authors: Mert Kadir Uğur , Ilgüy Serdar , Dural Muhammet , Mert Gurbet Özge , Özakin Engin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBodybuilder‐type workouts may affect heart rate variability (HRV), which has considerable potential to assess the role of autonomic nervous system (ANS). A scientifically designed approach is necessary for bodybuilders to achieve better results while protecting their health. In this study, we aimed to investigate HRV parameters in bodybuilders compared to healthy control subjects and effects of creatine supplementation. A total of 48 male participants (16 controls, 16 supplement (–), 16 supplement (+)) were evaluated in our study. Bodybuilders who were taking creatine supplementation were enrolled in supplement (+) group. HRV parameters were measured from 24‐hour Holter recordings of all participants.When mean heart rates were compared with control group (71.5 ± 12.6 beats/min), statistically significant difference was revealed in supplement (–) group (61.8 ± 6.8 beats/min; P = 0.022) unlike supplement (+) group (69.63 ± 14.1 beats/min; P = 0.650).HRV analyses revealed significant parasympathetic shift in supplement (–) group. No significant difference was demonstrated on HRV parameters, except high frequency (P = 0.029) in supplement (+) group.Conclusively, elevated parasympathetic modulation, which is favorable cardiovascular outcome of exercise, was demonstrated in bodybuilders. However, our study also revealed that creatine supplementation attenuates this favorable effect in ANS by limiting elevation of parasympathetic modulation. Although the sympathetic slight shift is attributed to creatine supplementation, it cannot be discriminated from the effects of over training.
Improving zinc accumulation in cereal endosperm using HvMTP1, a transition metal transporter
Authors: Menguer Paloma K. , Vincent Thomas , Miller Anthony J. , Brown James K.M. , Vincze Eva , Borg Søren , Holm Preben Bach , Sanders Dale , Podar Dorina 
Published: April 2017

SummaryZinc (Zn) is essential for all life forms, including humans. It is estimated that around two billion people are deficient in their Zn intake. Human dietary Zn intake relies heavily on plants, which in many developing countries consists mainly of cereals. The inner part of cereal grain, the endosperm, is the part that is eaten after milling but contains only a quarter of the total grain Zn. Here, we present results demonstrating that endosperm Zn content can be enhanced through expression of a transporter responsible for vacuolar Zn accumulation in cereals. The barley (Hordeum vulgare) vacuolar Zn transporter HvMTP1 was expressed under the control of the endosperm‐specific D‐hordein promoter. Transformed plants exhibited no significant change in growth but had higher total grain Zn concentration, as measured by ICP‐OES, compared to parental controls. Compared with Zn, transformants had smaller increases in concentrations of Cu and Mn but not Fe. Staining grain cross sections with the Zn‐specific stain DTZ revealed a significant enhancement of Zn accumulation in the endosperm of two of three transformed lines, a result confirmed by ICP‐OES in the endosperm of dissected grain. Synchrotron X‐ray fluorescence analysis of longitudinal grain sections demonstrated a redistribution of grain Zn from aleurone to endosperm. We argue that this proof‐of‐principle study provides the basis of a strategy for biofortification of cereal endosperm with Zn.
Elevated carbon dioxide reduces emission of herbivore‐induced volatiles in Zea mays
Authors: Block Anna , Vaughan Martha M. , Christensen Shawn A. , Alborn Hans T. , Tumlinson James H. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTerpene volatiles produced by sweet corn (Zea mays) upon infestation with pests such as beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) function as part of an indirect defence mechanism by attracting parasitoid wasps; yet little is known about the impact of climate change on this form of plant defence. To investigate how a central component of climate change affects indirect defence, we measured herbivore‐induced volatile emissions in plants grown under elevated carbon dioxide (CO2). We found that S. exigua infested or elicitor‐treated Z. mays grown at elevated CO2 had decreased emission of its major sesquiterpene, (E)‐β‐caryophyllene and two homoterpenes, (3E)‐4,8‐dimethyl‐1,3,7‐nonatriene and (3E,7E)‐4,8,12‐trimethyl‐1,3,7,11‐tridecatetraene. In contrast, inside the leaves, elicitor‐induced (E)‐β‐caryophyllene hyper‐accumulated at elevated CO2, while levels of homoterpenes were unaffected. Furthermore, gene expression analysis revealed that the induction of terpene synthase genes following treatment was lower in plants grown at elevated CO2. Our data indicate that elevated CO2 leads both to a repression of volatile synthesis at the transcriptional level and to limitation of volatile release through effects of CO2 on stomatal conductance. These findings suggest that elevated CO2 may alter the ability of Z. mays to utilize volatile terpenes to mediate indirect defenses.
Plant dual‐specificity tyrosine phosphorylation‐regulated kinase optimizes light‐regulated growth and development in Arabidopsis
Authors: Huang Wen‐Yu , Wu Yi‐Chen , Pu Hsin‐Yi , Wang Ying , Jang Geng‐Jen , Wu Shu‐Hsing 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLight controls vegetative and reproductive development of plants. For a plant, sensing the light input properly ensures coordination with the ever‐changing environment. Previously, we found that LIGHT‐REGULATED WD1 (LWD1) and LWD2 regulate the circadian clock and photoperiodic flowering. Here, we identified Arabidopsis YET ANOTHER KINASE1 (AtYAK1), an evolutionarily conserved protein and a member of dual‐specificity tyrosine phosphorylation‐regulated kinases (DYRKs), as an interacting protein of LWDs. Our study revealed that AtYAK1 is an important regulator for various light responses, including the circadian clock, photomorphogenesis and reproductive development. AtYAK1 could antagonize the function of LWDs in regulating the circadian clock and photoperiodic flowering. By examining phenotypes of atyak1, we found that AtYAK1 regulated light‐induced period‐length shortening and photomorphogenic development. Moreover, AtYAK1 mediated plant fertility especially under inferior light conditions including low light and short‐day length. This study discloses a new regulator connecting environmental light to plant growth.
Congenital intestinal fibrosarcoma with rapid recurrence requiring adjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: See Wing Shan Queenie , Cheuk Daniel Ka Leung , To Ka Fai , Ip Philip Pun Ching , Chiang Alan Kwok Shing , Ha Shau Yin , Chan Godfrey Chi Fung 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA total of 16 cases of congenital fibrosarcoma have been reported from 1975 to March 2015. Five of the 16 had abnormal fusion between erythroblast transformation specific translocation variant 6 and neurotrophin recptor gene neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 3 (ETV6–NTRK3); in another five out of 16 this was absent, and six were not tested. All were managed by surgical resection but none involved metastasis. Herein we report the case of a newborn baby girl with congenital fibrosarcoma negative for ETV6–NTRK3 gene fusion, who presented with ileal perforation and positive resection margin. She had rapid recurrence with lymph node metastasis treated with postoperative chemotherapy. There was no further recurrence at >3 years of follow up.
Linear‐No‐Threshold Default Assumptions are Unwarranted for Cytotoxic Endpoints Independently Triggered by Ultrasensitive Molecular Switches
Authors: Bogen Kenneth T. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCrump's response in this issue to my critique of linear‐no‐threshold (LNT) default assumptions for noncancer and nongenotoxic cancer risks (Risk Analysis 2016; 36(3):589–604) is rebutted herein. Crump maintains that distinguishing between a low‐dose linear dose response and a threshold dose response on the basis of dose–response data is impossible even for endpoints involving increased cytotoxicity. My rebuttal relies on descriptions and specific illustrations of two well‐characterized ultrasensitive molecular switches that govern two key cytoprotective responses to cellular stress—heat shock response and antioxidant response element activation, respectively—each of which serve to suppress stress‐induced apoptotic cell death unless overwhelmed. Because detailed dose–response data for each endpoint is shown to be J‐ or inverted‐J‐shaped with high confidence, and because independent pathways can explain background rates of apoptosis, LNT assumptions for this cytotoxic endpoint are unwarranted, at least in some cases and perhaps generally.