bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interpretation of molecular autopsy findings in 45 sudden unexplained death cases: from coding region to untranslated region
Authors: Wang Shouyu , Du Jianghua , Shen Qi , Haas Cordula , Neubauer Jacqueline 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Sudden unexplained death (SUD) can affect apparently healthy adolescents and young adults with no prior clinical symptoms and no clear diagnostic findings at autopsy. Although primary cardiac arrhythmias have been shown to be the direct cause of death in the majority of SUD cases, the genetic predisposition contributing to SUD remains incompletely understood. Currently, molecular autopsy is considered to be an effective diagnostic tool in the multidisciplinary management of SUD, but the analysis focuses mainly on the coding region and the significance of many identified variants remains unclear. Recent studies have demonstrated the strong association between human disease and genetic variants in untranslated regions (UTRs), highlighting the potential role of UTR variants in the genetic predisposition to SUD. In this study, we searched for UTR variants with likely functional effects in the exome data of 45 SUD cases. Among 244 genes associated with cardiac diseases, three candidate variants with high confidence of pathogenicity were identified in the UTRs of SCO2, CALM2 and TBX3 based on a rigorous filtering strategy. A functional assay further validated the effect of these candidate variants on gene transcriptional activity. In addition, the constraint metrics, intolerance indexes, and dosage sensitivity scores of genes affected by the candidate variants were considered when estimating the consequence of aberrant gene expression. In conclusion, our study presents a practical strategy for UTR variant prioritization and functional annotation, which could improve the interpretation of molecular autopsy findings in SUD cohorts.
Characterization of intestine-specific TRPM6 knockout C57BL/6 J mice: effects of short-term omeprazole treatment
Authors: Adella Anastasia , Gommers Lisanne M. M. , Bos Caro , Leermakers Pieter A. , de Baaij Jeroen H. F. , Hoenderop Joost G. J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe transient receptor potential melastatin type 6 (TRPM6) is a divalent cation channel pivotal for gatekeeping Mg2+ balance. Disturbance in Mg2+ balance has been associated with the chronic use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) such as omeprazole. In this study, we investigated if TRPM6 plays a role in mediating the effects of short-term (4 days) omeprazole treatment on intestinal Mg2+ malabsorption using intestine-specific TRPM6 knockout (Vill1-TRPM6−/−) mice. To do this, forty-eight adult male C57BL/6 J mice (50% TRPM6fl/fl and 50% Vill1-TRPM6−/−) were characterized, and the distal colon of these mice was subjected to RNA sequencing. Moreover, these mice were exposed to 20 mg/kg bodyweight omeprazole or placebo for 4 days. Vill1-TRPM6−/− mice had a significantly lower 25Mg2+ absorption compared to control TRPM6fl/fl mice, accompanied by lower Mg2+ serum levels, and urinary Mg2+ excretion. Furthermore, renal Slc41a3, Trpm6, and Trpm7 gene expressions were higher in these animals, indicating a compensatory mechanism via the kidney. RNA sequencing of the distal colon revealed a downregulation of the Mn2+ transporter Slc30a10. However, no changes in Mn2+ serum, urine, and feces levels were observed. Moreover, 4 days omeprazole treatment did not affect Mg2+ homeostasis as no changes in serum 25Mg2+ and total Mg2+ were seen. In conclusion, we demonstrate here for the first time that Vill1-TRPM6−/− mice have a lower Mg2+ absorption in the intestines. Moreover, short-term omeprazole treatment does not alter Mg2+ absorption in both Vill1-TRPM6−/− and TRPM6fl/fl mice. This suggests that TRPM6-mediated Mg2+ absorption in the intestines is not affected by short-term PPI administration.
Cleansing efficacy of an oral irrigator with microburst technology in adolescent orthodontic patients. A randomized-controlled crossover study
Authors: Gänzer Hanna , Kasslatter Manuel , Wiesmüller Vera , Denk Lena , Sigwart Anna-Maria , Crismani Adriano 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Simplifying interdental space cleaning is a constantly discussed topic. The present study aimed to compare the cleansing efficacy of an oral irrigator with that of dental flossing in adolescent patients with fixed braces after four weeks of home-use.

Materials and methods
The study design is a randomized, single-blinded cross-over study. Following a twenty-eight-day period of product utilization in a home setting, a comparative analysis was conducted on hygiene indices, the Rustogi Modified Navy Plaque Index (RMNPI) and the Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI), between the test group (oral irrigator) and the control group (dental floss).

Results
Seventeen adolescent individuals completed the study. After 28 days of cleaning with the oral irrigator, RMNPI was 58.81% (55.31–66.47) compared to 59.46% (52.68–68.67) with dental floss (p = 0.070). Subgroup analyses did not indicate the superiority of either method. GBI after the test phase with the oral irrigator was 28.93% (23.21–33.97) and insignificantly higher compared to 26.40% (21.01–31.41) achieved with dental floss (p = 0.1585).

Conclusions
Neither of the two products demonstrated statistically significant superiority in terms of cleaning efficacy. Therefore, no recommendation can be made in favor of one over the other. It was found that the high initial hygiene indices for fixed orthodontic appliances could be improved through increased awareness and precise instruction.

Clinical relevance
For adolescent patients who struggle to use interdental brushes an oral irrigator may be suggested as a simple alternative in hard-to-reach areas, such as those around a fixed dental appliance.
Characterization of the GLONASS-K1+ atomic frequency standard
Authors: Steigenberger P. , Montenbruck O. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe fifth GLONASS-K1 satellite with space vehicle number R807 was launched in October 2022. It represents the first spacecraft of the K1+ generation, which offers various technical innovations. Compared to previous K1 satellites, R807 also transmits a code-division multiple access (CDMA) signal in the L2 frequency band in addition to L1 and L2 frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) and L3 CDMA signals. Thus, R807 is the first spacecraft of the K1+ generation. A geometry- and ionosphere-free triple carrier combination is used to analyze the GLONASS R807 clock consistency at different frequencies. Significant inconsistencies were found showing up as variations with a peak-to-peak amplitude of up to 40 cm and periods between 15 min and a few days. Whereas the ultimate explanation for these variations is not known, it is likely that they originate from cross-talk of two oscillators with similar frequency. A short-term clock analysis for integration times up to 100 s based on the one-way carrier phase (OWCP) method shows a superior stability of the R807 clock compared to all other GLONASS satellites including the new K2 generation. The Allan deviation computed from 5 s clock estimates confirms this finding for integration times up to 600 s but shows a significant bump at longer integration times due to the periodic variations mentioned above. Single-frequency OWCP processing confirms consistency of the L1 and L2 FDMA signals whereas the L3 CDMA signal shows a slight phase shift. Although the spurious variations mask the true performance of the K1+ atomic frequency standard, its behavior at short integration times points at a new type of GLONASS satellite clock.
Patient involvement in patient safety measures: the impact of demographic and socioeconomic factors – a scoping review
Authors: Monaca Clara , Weigl Matthias , Pfaff Holger , Hammer Antje 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Aim
In the field of healthcare, the paramount concern is the safety of patients. Demographic and socioeconomic factors that can influence patient safety are often overlooked in the context of clinical protocols, which receive considerable attention. The objective of this review was to examine the relationship between demographic and socioeconomic variables and their impact on patient involvement in safety measures.

Subject and methods
This scoping review followed the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The literature search was conducted in the APA PsycInfo, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, PSYNDEX, PubMed, and Web of Science Core Collection databases from 1970 to 2023. The titles and abstracts of the identified studies were first screened, followed by a review of relevant full texts to extract information on demographic and socioeconomic factors, patient involvement, and patient safety.

Results
A total of 17 articles were selected and subjected to analysis from the initial 278 studies. The findings of this study indicate that the patient involvement and safety in healthcare are substantially influenced by demographic and socioeconomic factors. It was observed that there were differences in patient communication, perception of medical errors, and willingness to actively participate in healthcare.

Conclusion
As healthcare providers and policymakers strive to enhance patient safety and care quality, it is crucial to acknowledge and consider the various factors that have been studied. In the future, it will be important to prioritize personalized and culturally sensitive approaches to ensure equitable access to safe and effective medical treatment for all individuals, regardless of their demographic or social background.
Covering the permutohedron by affine hyperplanes
Authors: Hegedüs G. , Károlyi GY. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
An almost cover of a finite set in the affine space is a collection
of hyperplanes that together cover all points of the set except one. Using the
polynomial method, we determine the minimum size of an almost cover of the
vertex set of the permutohedron and address a few related questions.
Facet separation for disjunctive constraints with network flow representation
Authors: Dobrovoczki Péter , Kis Tamás 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe present a novel algorithm for separating facet-inducing inequalities for the convex-hull of the union of polytopes representing a disjunctive constraint of special structure. It is required that the union of polytopes admit a certain network flow representation. The algorithm is based on a new, graph theoretic characterization of the facets of the convex-hull. Moreover, we characterize the family of polytopes that are representable by the networks under consideration. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by computational results on a set of benchmark problems.
Plotting: a case study in lifted planning with constraints
Authors: Espasa Joan , Miguel Ian , Nightingale Peter , Salamon András Z. , Villaret Mateu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe study a planning problem based on Plotting, a tile-matching puzzle video game published by Taito in 1989. The objective of this turn-based game is to remove a target number of coloured blocks from a grid by sequentially shooting blocks into the same grid. Plotting features complex transitions after every shot: various blocks are affected directly, while others can be indirectly affected by gravity. We consider modelling and solving Plotting from two perspectives. The puzzle is naturally cast as an AI Planning problem and we first discuss modelling the problem using the Planning Domain Definition Language (PDDL). We find that a model in which planning actions correspond to player actions is inefficient with a grounding-based state-of-the-art planner. However, with a more fine-grained action model, where each change of a block is a planning action, solving performance is dramatically improved. We also describe two lifted constraint models, able to capture the inherent complexities of Plotting and enabling the application of efficient solving approaches from SAT and CP. Our empirical results with these models demonstrates that they can compete with, and often exceed, the performance of the dedicated planning solvers, suggesting that the richer languages available to constraint modelling can be of benefit when considering planning problems with complex changes of state. CP and SAT solvers solved almost all of the largest and most challenging instances within 1 hour, whereas the best planning approach solved approximately 30%. Finally, the flexibility provided by the constraint models allows us to easily curate interesting levels for human players.
Comparing learning geometry using a tablet to head-mounted display augmented reality: How and when dimensionality matters
Authors: Walkington Candace , Nathan Mitchell J. , Washington Julianna , Hunnicutt Jonathan , Darwin Taylor , Daughrity LeaAnne , Schenck Kelsey 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAugmented Reality (AR) technologies allow for holograms to be layered over the real-world, “augmenting” human vision by adding technical information or illustrations onto 3D space. Although AR-based applications are showing positive effects in many systematic reviews and meta-analyses, well-designed, rigorous studies with strong control conditions are lacking. Further, many experimental studies lack process data to illuminate what is happening as students engage with AR. In this pre-registered study, we conducted an experiment where n = 120 high school students were assigned to reason about identical geometry simulations collaboratively either using tablets or AR head‐mounted displays (HMDs). We look at their learning and how it was impacted by the dimensionality (2D or 3D) of the shapes they explored, as well as how they engaged with virtual objects using gestures and epistemic actions. AR HMDs were more effective for students getting an initial sense of 3D shapes, but less effective for 2D shapes. For gaining insights into the workings of shapes and formulating justifications of conjectures, we see no evidence AR is more effective, and trends indicating AR may be detrimental to eliciting generalizations. Further, process data showed that students using tablets are more likely to manipulate the geometric shapes in the simulations, while students using the AR HMDs are more likely to use dynamic gestures that simulate these manipulations, which are less constrained by the objects’ actual properties. Implications for the future design and use of AR in education are given.
Nanoparticle uptake by a semi-permeable, spherical cell from an external planar diffusive field. II. Numerical study of temporal and spatial development validated using FEM
Authors: Kumar Sandeep Santhosh , Miklavcic Stanley J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we present a mathematical study of particle diffusion inside and outside a spherical biological cell that has been exposed on one side to a propagating planar diffusive front. The media inside and outside the spherical cell are differentiated by their respective diffusion constants. A closed form, large-time, asymptotic solution is derived by the combined means of Laplace transform, separation of variables, and asymptotic series development. The solution process is assisted by means of an effective far-field boundary condition, which is instrumental in resolving the conflict of planar and spherical geometries. The focus of the paper is on a numerical comparison to determine the accuracy of the asymptotic solution relative to a fully numerical solution obtained using the finite element method. The asymptotic solution is shown to be highly effective in capturing the dynamic behaviour of the system, both internal and external to the cell, under a range of diffusive conditions.
Erosion of surfaces by trapped vortices
Authors: Hirst Courteney , McDonald N. R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTwo two-dimensional free boundary problems describing the erosion of solid surfaces by the flow of inviscid fluid in the presence of trapped vortices are considered. The first problem tackles an initially flat, infinite fluid-solid interface with uniform flow at infinity and a vortex in equilibrium above the surface. The second involves flow around a finite body with a trailing Föppl-type vortex pair. The conformal invariance of the complex potential permits both problems to be formulated as a Polubarinova–Galin (PG) type equation in which the time-dependent eroding surface in the physical z-plane is mapped to the fixed boundary of the $$\zeta $$
ζ
-disk. The Hamiltonian governing the equilibrium position of the vortex (or vortex pair in the second problem) is also found from the same map. In each problem, the PG equation giving the conformal map is found numerically and the time-dependent evolution of the interface and vortex location is determined. Different models governing the erosion of the interface are investigated in which the normal velocity of the boundary depends on some given function of the fluid flow velocity at the boundary. Typically, in the infinite surface case, erosion leads to the formation of a symmetric valley beneath the vortex which, in turn, moves downward toward the interface. A finite body undergoes erosion which is asymmetric in the flow direction leading to a flattening of the lee surface of the body so displaying some similarity to the experiments and associated viscous theory of Ristroph et al, Moore et al (Proc Natl Acad Sci 109(48):19606–19609, 2012, Phys Fluids 25(11):116602, 2013).
Redistribution vs. Recognition: How Brexit Split the Left
Authors: Dinsmore Adam 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBrexit is typically seen as a canonical example of right-wing populism, yet a third of those who voted for left-of-centre parties at the 2015 UK General Election also supported Brexit one year later. This bloc of 5 million people was around four times the size of the Leave campaign’s margin of victory. This article constructs the first discursive analysis of leftist Brexit support. Drawing on qualitative interviews with twenty-three left-identifying residents of the ‘Red Wall’ region of England, I examine continuities between leftist identities and pro-Brexit discourse. Participants consistently constructed their political identities from ideas that broadly corresponded to Fraser’s folk paradigms of social justice ‘redistribution’ and ‘recognition’. Relations between the paradigms were more complex—and more antagonistic—in participant accounts than Fraser’s ‘distinct but equivalent’ ideal. Three discursive logics promoted leftist Brexit support by (i) counterposing redistribution of wealth against the ‘neoliberal’ European Union, while associating Brexit itself with notions of (ii) ‘underdog spirit’ and (iii) ‘unity’. Each logic shared affinities with the redistribution paradigm, and were often expressed alongside antagonism toward recognition. I conclude that Brexit split the left by exploiting pre-existing tensions between the left’s constituent parts. Leftist Brexit support was thus a partial epiphenomenon of the contemporary left’s dual form. A shift away from Fraser’s ‘perspectival dualism’ may constrain further Brexit-style splits.
Improved SERS activity of TiN microstructures by surface modification with Au
Authors: Michałowska Aleksandra , Szymańska Aleksandra , Ambroziak Robert , Nozka Libor , Vaclavek Lukas , Tomastik Jan , Turczyniak-Surdacka Sylwia , Krajczewski Jan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOver the years, numerous outstanding research groups around the world have been working tirelessly on metallic SERS substrates. Although these efforts have led to the development of various sensors and pushed the field forward, today this line of research seems saturated and exhausted. In this work, we address this issue by exploring an emerging topic in recent literature: the fabrication of high-performance TiN SERS-active structures. TiN thin film was sputtered onto pyramidal Si microstructures. Spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements confirmed the plasmonic properties of the TiN material above its plasma wavelength of 515 nm. The Si-TiN surface was subsequently modified with an Au layer, which was then transformed into Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) during the Rapid Thermal Annealing process. The Si-TiN-AuNPs samples exhibited the highest extinction intensity, as well as the best SERS signal intensity for the model Raman reporter molecule. Further analysis of the SERS data showed that the presence of the Au thin film only moderately increased SERS activity, while Au NPs enhanced the SERS signal by one order of magnitude. Final Si-TiN-AuNPs platforms were successfully employed for the detection of vitamin B12, demonstrating a low limit of detection (8.57•10–8 M) along with excellent point-to-point repeatability.
Graphical abstract
Assessing the Relationship between Hospital Process Digitalization and Hospital Quality – Evidence from Germany
Authors: Vogel Justus , Haering Alexander , Kuklinski David , Geissler Alexander 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Hospital digitalization aims to increase efficiency, reduce costs, and/ or improve quality of care. To assess a digitalization-quality relationship, we investigate the association between process digitalization and process and outcome quality. We use data from the German DigitalRadar (DR) project from 2021 and combine these data with two process (preoperative waiting time for osteosynthesis and hip replacement surgery after femur fracture, n = 516 and 574) and two outcome quality indicators (mortality ratio of patients hospitalized for outpatient-acquired pneumonia, n = 1,074; ratio of new decubitus cases, n = 1,519). For each indicator, we run a univariate and a multivariate regression. We measure process digitalization holistically by specifying three models with different explanatory variables: (1) the total DR-score (0 (not digitalized) to 100 (fully digitalized)), (2) the sum of DR-score sub-dimensions’ scores logically associated with an indicator, and (3) sub-dimensions’ separate scores. For the process quality indicators, all but one of the associations are insignificant. A greater DR-score is weakly associated with a lower mortality ratio of pneumonia patients (p < 0.10 in the multivariate regression). In contrast, higher process digitalization is significantly associated with a higher ratio of decubitus cases (p < 0.01 for models (1) and (2), p < 0.05 for two sub-dimensions in model (3)). Regarding decubitus, our finding might be due to better diagnosis, documentation, and reporting of decubitus cases due to digitalization rather than worse quality. Insignificant and inconclusive results might be due to the indicators’ inability to reflect quality variation and digitalization effects between hospitals. For future research, we recommend investigating within hospital effects with longitudinal data.