bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reappraisal of the Previously Described False Localizing Sign at C1-2 in Cases of Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension
Authors: Fote Gianna , Shahin Hania , Brown Nolan J. , Falcone Joseph , Lopez Alexander , Kuan Edward C. , Hsu Frank P. K. , Oh Michael Y. , Mohyeldin Ahmed 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
We present an illustrative case of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) in the setting of a suspected C1-2 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak that was successfully treated with muscle, collagen, and epidural blood patch. We examined the literature to identify similar cases reporting Cl-2 retrospinal fluid collections identified on imaging in the setting of SIH and quantified the success of targeted treatment to this area despite previous reports that caution about a “C1-2 false localizing sign.”

METHODS:
A systematic search was performed identifying cases of SIH resulting from CSF leak with C1-2 fluid collection observed on imaging. PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were queried, and articles were screened for possible inclusion by 2 authors and supervised by the senior author.

RESULTS:
In total, 28 studies were included with a total of 32 patients. The number of patients in each study with C1-2 fluid collections, number of patients with fluid collections at multiple levels, specific intervention used, and outcomes of each intervention were recorded, with a focus on whether treatment occurred at the levels exhibiting fluid signal.

CONCLUSION:
Although the C1-2 fluid signal in SIH has previously been described as a “false localizing sign,” our study indicates that treating this level as the source of CSF leak results in successful and durable outcomes. Most SIH cases with signal at C1-2 did not have a fluid signal at any other level and were treated successfully and most commonly through epidural blood patch at the C1-2 level. Symptom resolution was also reported after direct repair of C1-2 CSF leaks through primary closure, Gelfoam patch, and muscle fragment with fibrin. In patients with SIH, C1-2 fluid signal, and no other source of CSF leak identified on imaging, surgical intervention at the C1-2 level seemed to have a high success rate.
Theoretical model of impact mitigation mechanisms inherent to the North American bison skull
Authors: Persons Andrea Karen , Hammi Youssef , Elder Steven H. , Priddy Lauren B. , Priddy Matthew W. , Butler Ryan , Schemmel Avery , Whitehurst Elizabeth , Lee Nayeon , Horstemeyer Mark F. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
North American bison (Bovidae: Bison bison) incur blunt impacts to the interparietal and frontal bones when they engage in head-to-head fights. To investigate the impact mitigation of these bones, a finite element analysis (FEA) of the skull under loading conditions was performed. Based on anatomical and histological studies, the interparietal and frontal bones are both comprised of a combination of haversian and plexiform bone and are both underlain by bony septa. Additionally, the interparietal bone is thicker than the frontal bone. Data regarding the mechanical properties of bison bone are scarce, but the results of a phylogenetic analysis infer that the material properties of the closely related domestic cow bone are a suitable proxy for use in the FEA. Results of the FEA suggest that the thickness of the interparietal bone in conjunction with the bony septa may prevent fracture stresses by helping to absorb and disperse the blunt impact energy throughout the skull. Monotonic stress levels of 294 MPa, which are below the compressive strength of bone were exhibited in the simulated bison head impacts indicating no fracture of the bones.
Comments to the Editor on “The Willingness to Pay for Diversification”
Authors: Pitkäjärvi Aleksi , Vacca Matteo 
Published: September 2024

Mahmoud [ Mahmoud O (2022) The willingness to pay for diversification. Management Sci. 68(8):6235–6249] presents experimental evidence showing that people have an intrinsic preference for diversification that is driven by risk aversion and loss aversion, with risk-averse and loss-averse individuals being more willing to pay for diversification. We document numerous discrepancies between the results reported in the paper and the results calculated from the experimental data. In particular, the data show that risk-averse individuals are actually less willing to pay for diversification, whereas the effect of loss aversion is nonmonotonic and not statistically significant. We thus show that the data do not support the paper’s claim of a preference for diversification driven by risk aversion and loss aversion. This paper was accepted by Tomasz Piskorski, finance. Funding: The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the OP Group Research Foundation [Grants 20220057 and 20220089]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.01581 .
Beyond Economic Allocation: Investigating Alternative Coproduct Treatment Methods in Cotton Life Cycle Assessments
Authors: Daystar Jesse , Barrera Juanita , Pires Steven , Wallace Michele , Mhatre Shah Purva , Bayramova Jeyran , Mertens Joel , Laurin Lise 
Published: September 2024

HighlightsThe multifunctionality of cotton cultivation is analyzed using different coproduct treatment methods.Changes in life cycle impacts with different coproduct treatments are higher than uncertainty in global data.Cereal unit and biophysical allocation are shown to be robust alternatives to economic allocation.Abstract. Cotton lint represents the largest natural textile fiber production globally, and as organizations strive to reduce their upstream environmental impacts, robust cotton life cycle assessment (LCA) data has never been more important. A key characteristic of cotton is that during its cultivation, it produces an important coproduct – cottonseed, and thus the impacts of the cultivation are partitioned between the cotton lint and cottonseed. How the environmental impacts of cotton production are split between the products is critical for measuring the environmental impacts. This study evaluates the effect of different coproduct treatment approaches on the life cycle impacts of cotton and presents the issues and limitations of these approaches. Approaches include partitioning (mass, economic, biophysical, and cereal units) and substitution, sometimes referred to as system expansion. Results show that when accounting for uncertainty in allocation and inventory, the global warming impact of global average cotton lint ranges between -0.01 and 4.24 CO2/kg of lint at the 95% confidence interval. Comparing the coproduct treatment approaches for cotton lint, a mass partitioning perspective tends to yield the lowest impacts, whereas economic partitioning along with substitution can yield larger impacts in other categories. The more recent cereal unit and biophysical allocation methods are identified as robust alternatives to economic allocation, overcoming its common issues and limitations. This study helps organizations interested in cotton understand the underpinnings of each approach and how coproduct treatment plays a role in LCA results. It also serves as a foundational work on coproduct treatment in agricultural contexts. Keywords: Allocation, Coproduct treatment, Cotton lint, Cotton sustainability, LCA.
Systematic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants’ impact on B and T cell epitopes
Authors: Al Khalaf Ruba , Bernasconi Anna , Pinoli Pietro 
Published: September 2024

Introduction
Epitopes are specific structures in antigens that are recognized by the immune system. They are widely used in the context of immunology-related applications, such as vaccine development, drug design, and diagnosis / treatment / prevention of disease. The SARS-CoV-2 virus has represented the main point of interest within the viral and genomic surveillance community in the last four years. Its ability to mutate and acquire new characteristics while it reorganizes into new variants has been analyzed from many perspectives. Understanding how epitopes are impacted by mutations that accumulate on the protein level cannot be underrated.

Methods
With a focus on Omicron-named SARS-CoV-2 lineages, including the last WHO-designated Variants of Interest, we propose a workflow for data retrieval, integration, and analysis pipeline for conducting a database-wide study on the impact of lineages’ characterizing mutations on all T cell and B cell linear epitopes collected in the Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) for SARS-CoV-2.

Results
Our workflow allows us to showcase novel qualitative and quantitative results on 1) coverage of viral proteins by deposited epitopes; 2) distribution of epitopes that are mutated across Omicron variants; 3) distribution of Omicron characterizing mutations across epitopes. Results are discussed based on the type of epitope, the response frequency of the assays, and the sample size. Our proposed workflow can be reproduced at any point in time, given updated variant characterizations and epitopes from IEDB, thereby guaranteeing to observe a quantitative landscape of mutations’ impact on demand.

Conclusion
A big data-driven analysis such as the one provided here can inform the next genomic surveillance policies in combatting SARS-CoV-2 and future epidemic viruses.
Psycho-social problems among older people residing in community of Chitwan, Nepal—A cross-sectional study
Authors: Poudyal Sunita , Sharma Kalpana , Subba Hem Kumari , Subba Ramesh 
Published: September 2024

Background
Older people are vulnerable to various psycho-social problems such as depression, anxiety, insomnia, dementia, and loneliness that have profound impact on overall health and their quality of life and higher use of health services. Prevention and treatment of psychological problems in this risk group is critical for improving their quality of life.

Objective
This study aimed to find out the psycho-social problems among older people residing in community.

Methods
The study was a cross-sectional study design and 388 older people aged 65 years and above residing in different wards of Bharatpur Metropolitan city were selected using probability simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using interview schedule containing geriatric depression scale-15; Geriatric anxiety scale-10, University of California Loss Angels Loneliness Scale (UCLA-20), Anthens Insomnia Scale and Mini-Cog Test. Obtained data were analyzed in SPSS version 20 for windows. Chi-square test was applied to measure the association between psychosocial problems and selected variables.

Result
Findings of the study revealed that the mean age (± SD) of respondents was 72.92 (±7.12) years. Almost all (93.6%) older people had full functioning of activity of daily living and two third (66.5%) had other co-morbid conditions. More than two third (67.0%) of older adults had depression, 60.3% had anxiety, 53.6% had moderate to high level loneliness, 47.2% had insomnia, and 33.3% had dementia. Age, functional dependency, sex, co-morbidity, financial dependence, education and occupation were significantly associated with the psychosocial problems among older people.

Conclusion and recommendation
Psychosocial problems are common among older people residing in community of Chitwan. Hence, there is need to develop and implement health care strategy by local health care planner to prevent, treat and manage the psychosocial problems among this risk groups. Further, health care providers working in geriatric problems or psychosocial health need to conduct regular screening programs for the early diagnosis and treatment of these problems.
The Lyon Score: A Novel Reflux Scoring System Based on the Lyon Consensus 2.0 That Associates With Treatment Outcome From Antireflux Therapy
Authors: Gyawali C. Prakash , Marchetti Lorenzo , Rogers Benjamin D. , Chan Walter W. , Wong Ming-Wun , Visaggi Pierfrancesco , Rengarajan Arvind , Carlson Dustin A. , Savarino Edoardo , de Bortoli Nicola , Chen Chien-Lin , Pandolfino John 
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION:
We explored if a score derived from parameters from esophageal testing could increase confidence in diagnosing conclusive gastroesophageal reflux disease and in predicting outcome.

METHODS:
A prediction score was developed using metrics based on Lyon Consensus 2.0 thresholds extracted from endoscopy and pH-impedance monitoring. The Lyon score was the sum of weighted scores derived from a logistic regression model. The outcome was response to antireflux therapy, defined as 50% reduction in global symptoms on validated questionnaires. An existing database of endoscopy-negative patients with typical reflux symptoms undergoing esophageal testing from 2 centers (Europe and the United States) constituted the developmental cohort, while 2 separate cohorts (Europe and Asia) served as validation cohorts. Receiver operating characteristics analysis determined performance of the Lyon score in predicting treatment response.

RESULTS:
In 281 developmental cohort patients (median age 53 years, 57.7% female), the Lyon score demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.819 in predicting 50% symptom improvement (P < 0.001) on receiver operating characteristics, with an optimal threshold of 6.25 (sensitivity 81.2%, specificity 73.4%). Of the individual components, only acid exposure time (AUC 0.799, P < 0.001), mean nocturnal baseline impedance (AUC 0.785, P < 0.001), and reflux episodes (AUC 0.764, P < 0.001) approached the Lyon score performance. The Lyon score segregated treatment response in both the European (AUC 0.908, P < 0.001) and Asian validation cohorts (AUC 0.637, P < 0.001) and outperformed the DeMeester score in sensitivity for predicting outcome in the developmental and Asian validation cohorts.

DISCUSSION:
The novel Lyon score segregates reflux phenotypes and identifies likelihood of symptom response from antireflux therapy.
Eminent Red Sea water hydrogen generation via a Pb(ii)-iodide/poly(1H-pyrrole) nanocomposite photocathode
Authors: Alkallas Fatemah Homoud , Elsayed Asmaa Mahmoud Mohamed Abd , Trabelsi Amira Ben Gouider , Alrebdi Tahani Abdullah , Rabia Mohamed , Kusmartsev Fedor V. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The development of a photocathode based on a Pb(ii)-iodide/poly(1H-pyrrole) porous spherical (PbI2/P1HP PS) nanocomposite has been successfully achieved in the efficient production of H2 gas from Red Sea water. The distinguishable spherical and porous shapes of these nanocomposites are characterized by a minimum surface measuring approximately 25 nm. This structural configuration, coupled with the nanocomposite’s substantial light absorbance, results in a modest bandgap of 2.4 eV. This turns the nanocomposite into a highly promising candidate for renewable energy applications, particularly for H2 gas generation from natural sources like Red Sea water. The economic viability of the PbI2/P1HP PS nanocomposite, relying on a glass substrate, mass production, and straightforward fabrication techniques, adds to its promising profile for H2 gas evolution. The photocathode exhibits significant potential for H2 gas production, with a notable current density (J
ph) value of 1.0 mA·cm−2 in a three-electrode cell configuration. The IPCE reaches 3.1%, reflecting the successful evolution of 24 µmol·h−1 10 cm2 of the photocathode. Importantly, the use of natural Red Sea water as an electrolyte underscores a key feature for H2 gas production: utilizing freely available natural resources. This aspect holds considerable promise for industrial applications, emphasizing the environmentally sustainable nature of the photocathode.
Sociolinguistic monitoring and L2 speakers of English
Authors: Pflaeging Jana , Mackay Bradley , Schleef Erik 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study contributes to a growing body of research on the social meanings of linguistic variation with particular interest in the cognitive processes governing their emergence. Our research follows in the tradition of Labov et al.’s (2011) work on the sociolinguistic monitor, a cognitive mechanism hypothesized to track quantitative linguistic variation and prompt social evaluations (Labov et al. 2011. Properties of the sociolinguistic monitor. Journal of Sociolinguistics 15(4). 431–463). Previous research shows that L1 English listeners are sensitive to frequency variation, but it is unclear whether this also applies to L2 listeners. This study thus replicates Labov et al.’s (2011) original experiment in a context where English is primarily acquired through L2 instruction. To test the generality of sociolinguistic monitoring, we investigate L2 listeners’ sensitivity to quantitative differences in sociolinguistic variation (ing) as well as proficiency-based variation. Since participants were L1 speakers of (Austrian) German, we tested evaluations of varying realizations of /θ/ ([θ]/[s]), /d/ ([d]/[t]), and /w/ ([w]/[v]). Experiments included 135 participants, who rated several versions of newscaster test passages regarding professionalism. Our data shows that both sociolinguistic and proficiency-based variation are monitored and evaluated by L2 listeners, albeit to different extents. This supports the assumption that the focus of the monitoring process is socially meaningful variation that includes L1 sociolinguistic but also L2 proficiency-based features.
Creativity, paradigms and morphological constructions: evidence from Dutch pseudoparticiples
Authors: Norde Muriel , Trousdale Graeme 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Pseudoparticiples follow phonotactic, morphological, and syntactic rules for regular participles, but they are special in that they lack corresponding verbal forms. This article offers a constructionist account of two types of pseudoparticiples in Dutch, i.e., those with a nominal base and the prefix ont- or be-, e.g., ontkoeid ‘de-cowed’ or bedauwd ‘bedewed’. Their properties raise interesting questions regarding the nature of morphological creativity, back-formation, and the establishment of new schemas or paradigms. Using data from the nlTenTen14 corpus, we consider constraints on the formation of verbal paradigms from such pseudoparticiples, and what this tells us about the nature of morphological creativity. Our corpus data suggest substantial differences between be- and ont-pseudoparticiples in terms of frequency distributions, productivity, and syntactic behavior. Drawing on concepts from cognitive linguistics generally and Construction Morphology in particular, this article addresses the usefulness of the distinction between full and partial sanction as a means to explain the variation (i) within the pseudoparticiple sets and (ii) between regular and pseudoparticiples. We also suggest some revisions to the notions of E- and F-creativity to account for differences between the be- and ont- sets.
Comprehensive analysis of NOTCH pathway with tumor environment in pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Yu , Yin Xin , Chen Xin , Chen Xiaoli , He Xingkang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) ranks among the most prevalent malignant neoplasms, and multiple pathways are involved in its pathogenesis, including the NOTCH pathway. However, the variable biological functions of the pathway in PAAD are controversial.

Methods
RNA-seq data for PAAD was analyzed using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression databases. Utilizing Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression analyses, we examined the prognostic significance. The tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy responses were investigated using ssGSEA, ESTIMATE, and TIDE models. Functional enrichment analysis was used to explore gene functions.

Results
We identified NOTCH2, JAG1, NOTCH4, and DLL3 as high-priority members of the NOTCH pathway that modulates PAAD. Elevated NOTCH2 and JAG1 levels were markedly linked to reduced overall survival (OS), while increased NOTCH4 and DLL3 levels were significantly related to extended OS. Immune analyses showed that NOTCH-based scores were closely related to the immune microenvironment. NOTCH scores were not only closely correlated with tumor-infiltrating immune cells, but also with immunologically activated and immune checkpoint gene expression. The high NOTCH score group had a higher proportion of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and had better responses to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.

Conclusions
These data indicate that NOTCH2, JAG1, NOTCH4, and DLL3 could function as efficient prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in PAAD, and patients with a high NOTCH score may have a significant response to immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment.
Land degradation is indicative: proxies of forest land degradation in Ghana
Authors: Peprah K 
Published: September 2024

How is land degradation measured? The aim of the paper is to address this research question. At the premise, the paper states that land degradation as one of the truth claims of environmental science, is not directly monitored and detectable. Observers rely on indicators to know land degradation. The issues are illuminated by theoretical reference based on the notion of critical political ecology which tries to combine realist biophysical predictions and socio-political constructions.Â A methodology which mixes literature review, group discussion and field work produces a set of indicators of land degradation. Indigenous farmers used the indicators to spot land degradation in the forest ecosystem of Ghana. The results reveal physical indicators of ironpan formation in farms, uphill and downhill respective lost and gain of soil fertility, roots and building foundations exposed by soil erosion and river channels that do not carry running water even in the raining season. There are biological indicators of invasive species and termite infestations as well as socioeconomic indicators of poverty implicitly taken as indicators of land degradation. The paper concludes that land degradation includes multifaceted set of processes measured by variable and error-filled indicators operating at various spatial, temporal, economic and cultural scales.
Cyclic Vinyl Ethers as the Products of Cyclisation of 2,5,5-Triethyl-2-alkynyl-3,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-oxyls
Authors: ГУЛЬМАН М.М. , ДОБРЫНИН С.А. , ГАТИЛОВ Ю.В. , КИРИЛЮК И.А. 
Published: September 2024

2,5,5-Триэтил-2-алкинил-3,4-бис(гидроксиметил)пирролидин-1-оксилы (алкинил = ССR, где R = Н (2), С(Ме)2ОН (1), Ph (7)) при нагревании с гидроксидом натрия претерпевают циклизацию с образованием циклических виниловых эфиров – производных 6-метилен-гексагидро-1H-фуро[3,4-b]пиррол-1-оксила. Бициклический радикал, полученный из радикалов 1 или 2, в присутствии кислот способен обратимо присоединять спирты по винильной группе. В кислой среде в присутствии ацетата ртути циклизация радикала 7 проходит иначе, с образованием 2,2,7a-триэтил-3-(гидроксиметил)-6-фенил-1,2,3,3a,4,7a-гексагидропирано[4,3-b]пиррол-1-оксила.
2,5,5-Triethyl-2-alkynyl-3,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-oxyls (alkynyl = CºCR, and R = H (2), C(Me)2OH (1), Ph (7)) undergo cyclisation on heating with sodium hydroxide to form cyclic vinyl ethers, the derivatives of 6-methylene-hexahydro-1H-furo[3,4-b]pyrrole-1-oxyl. A bicyclic radical derived from radicals 1 or 2 is capable of reversible addition of alcohols to the vinyl group in the presence of acids. Cyclisation of radical 7 in the acid environment in the presence of mercury acetate follows a different route, with the formation of 2,2,7a-triethyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)-6-phenyl-1,2,3,3a,4,7a-hexahydropyrano[4,3-b]pyrrole-1-oxyl.