bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crown‐of‐thorns starfish undermine the resilience of coral populations on the Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Vercelloni Julie , Caley M. Julian , Mengersen Kerrie 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimIncreasingly frequent and intense disturbances of many kinds are reducing the populations of habitat‐forming species. For example, disturbances, including coral bleaching, storms and cyclones, coral disease and Crown‐of‐Thorns starfish (CoTS) outbreaks, have been important contributors to the global decline of coral populations. Understanding these the effects of such disturbances is challenging but necessary for their effective management. In this paper, we provide a novel spatially and temporally explicit perspective on the role of multiple and interacting disturbances on population dynamics.LocationGreat Barrier Reef (GBR), Australia.Time period1995–2011.Major taxa studiedAcropora species.MethodsA semi‐parametric Bayesian hierarchical model was used to estimate the form and strength of the cumulative effects of multiple disturbances that have affected coral populations at different locations, frequencies and intensities, and in different orders over 16 years. Boosted regression trees and random forest models were used to rank the relative importance of four types of disturbances in reducing the ability of coral populations to recover following disturbance.ResultsWe show that while all the disturbance agents examined had clear negative impacts, coral predation by CoTS was the strongest contributor to the decline of coral cover and resilience of coral populations. The effects of multiple disturbances on individual reef sites were overwhelmingly additive.Main conclusionsReduction of coral predation through control of CoTS could substantially reduce the severity of disturbances along the GBR and promote greater resilience, and thereby recovery, of coral populations.
Carbon capture and storage in branching stage alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) by 13C pulse labeling
Authors: Man Jing , Deng Bo , Yang Shichao , Yang Fuyu 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn the present study, we investigated the absorption and transfer of photosynthetic carbon among the different alfalfa parts. Alfalfa was planted under controlled conditions and pulse‐labeled with carbon–13 dioxide (13CO2; gas) during its branching stage. Then, the amounts of 13CO2 on the alfalfa leaves, stems and roots were measured, and soil samples were taken after 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 days. The carbon‐13 (13C) distribution ratios of roots, stems and leaves increased over the sampling time and reached the maximum value at day 18; after that, the values decreased but still higher than day 6 and day 12. The 13C distribution ratio in the roots increased gradually to 2.77% at day 30. Over the extended labeling time, 13C loss caused by root and microbial respiration increased. There was no clear trend visible in the 0–10 cm soil layer, but in the 10–20 cm soil layer, the 13C distribution ratio increased gradually from 2.46% at day 6 to 3.05% at day 30. The 13C content in the 0–10 cm soil layer at days 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 after labeling ranged from 0.90 ppm to 1.53 ppm and in the 10–20 cm layer increased from 0.83 ppm (6 days) to 1.12 ppm (30 days). The 13CO2 released by microbial respiration increased gradually from 2.02 mg at day 6 to 23.30 mg at day 30. The 13CO2 content released by alfalfa root respiration accounted for the majority of total respired 13C content and increased from 24.06 mg (6 days) to 54.15 mg (18 days) and remained constant hereafter. This study suggests that carbon was rapidly cycled between the different parts of alfalfa and soil by means of photosynthesis and respiration. The results obtained in this study will be of importance for building the mechanistic model of photosynthetic carbon flow in alfalfa‐soil system.
Divergence in agronomic traits and performance of pearl millet cultivars in Brazilian semiarid region
Authors: Santos Rafael , Neves Andre Luis , Pereira Luiz Gustavo , Verneque Rui , Costa Cleber Thiago , Tabosa Jose , Scherer Carolina , Gonçalves Lucio 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.) is an important forage crop for livestock in semiarid regions, but the use of Brazilian genotypes for silage production in northeastern Brazil has not been adequately described. The objective was to assess the divergence in agronomic traits of five Brazilian pearl millet cultivars, for silage production, at two Brazilian semiarid locations. The treatments were five pearl millet cultivars, ‘IPA Bulk1BF’, ‘BRS 1501’, ‘CMS‐03’, ‘CMS‐01’ and ‘ADR 300’, which were arranged in a randomized complete block design and were replicated five times. Agronomic divergence was assessed using canonical variate analysis and agglomerative hierarchical clustering. Dry matter yield ranged from 7.6 to 14.1 Mg ha−1 and digestible dry matter yield ranged from 3.7 to 7.2 Mg ha−1. The plant height ranged from 144 to 184 cm and harvest index ranged from 21.6 to 36.4%. Average panicle proportion was of 30.6%, while 13.3 and 55.9% was observed for leaf and stem proportion, respectively. Three distinct agronomic groups were identified: Group I (‘IPA Bulk1BF’ and ‘ADR 300’), Group II (‘CMS‐03’ and ‘CMS‐01’) and Group III (‘BRS 1501’). Group II had the greatest agronomic value for performance variables while Group III had the least.
A tale of two countries: all‐cause mortality among people living with HIV and receiving combination antiretroviral therapy in the UK and Canada
Authors: Patterson S , Jose S , Samji H , Cescon A , Ding E , Zhu J , Anderson J , Burchell AN , Cooper C , Hill T , Hull M , Klein MB , Loutfy M , Martin F , Machouf N , Montaner JSG , Nelson M , Raboud J , Rourke SB , Tsoukas C , Hogg RS , Sabin C ,   the Canadian Observational Cohort (CANOC) ‐ UK Collaborative HIV Cohort (UK CHIC) Collaboration
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesWe sought to compare all‐cause mortality of people living with HIV and accessing care in Canada and the UK.MethodsIndividuals from the Canadian Observational Cohort (CANOC) collaboration and UK Collaborative HIV Cohort (UK CHIC) study who were aged ≥ 18 years, had initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) for the first time between 2000 and 2012 and who had acquired HIV through sexual transmission were included in the analysis. Cox regression was used to investigate the difference in mortality risk between the two cohort collaborations, accounting for loss to follow‐up as a competing risk.ResultsA total of 19 960 participants were included in the analysis (CANOC, 4137; UK CHIC, 15 823). CANOC participants were more likely to be older [median age 39 years (interquartile range (IQR): 33, 46 years) vs. 36 years (IQR: 31, 43 years) for UK CHIC participants], to be male (86 vs. 73%, respectively), and to report men who have sex with men (MSM) sexual transmission risk (72 vs. 56%, respectively) (all P < 0.001). Overall, 762 deaths occurred during 98 798 person‐years (PY) of follow‐up, giving a crude mortality rate of 7.7 per 1000 PY [95% confidence interval (CI): 7.1, 8.3 per 1000 PY]. The crude mortality rates were 8.6 (95% CI: 7.4, 10.0) and 7.5 (95% CI: 6.9, 8.1) per 1000 PY among CANOC and UK CHIC study participants, respectively. No statistically significant difference in mortality risk was observed between the cohort collaborations in Cox regression accounting for loss to follow‐up as a competing risk (adjusted hazard ratio 0.86; 95% CI: 0.72–1.03).ConclusionsDespite differences in national HIV care provision and treatment guidelines, mortality risk did not differ between CANOC and UK CHIC study participants who acquired HIV through sexual transmission.
Increased sensibility of mixed ferrite humidity sensors by subsequent heat treatment
Authors: Virlan Constantin , Tudorache Florin , Pui Aurel 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe study presents the effects of different calcination temperatures on the size and morphology of mixed Co‐Ni ferrites, and the respective changes in the magnetic and electrical properties, with emphasis on their applicability as humidity sensors. The data suggests that the heat treatment does not significantly change the magnetic properties, but significant variations on the morphology of the nanoparticles, correlated with large changes in the electrical properties of the nanoparticles in terms of electrical permittivity and resistivity with electrical field frequency and humidity, with a clear influence of the calcination temperature over the sensibility of the materials to humidity.
Consumer creativity influenced by hope, integral emotions and socio‐economic status
Authors: Trujillo Carlos Andres , Rosa Jose Antonio 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLow socio economic stratum (SES) consumers face constrains that engender creativity as they try to solve consumption problems using the scant products and services available by repurposing such products. This research investigates mechanisms by which hope and integral emotions interact with SES to influence consumer creativity. Experiments with low and high SES participants in an emerging economy show that when hope is enhanced, positive integral emotions are directed to creativity by all consumers, but when hope is diminished, positive integral emotions are not consistently directed to creativity. SES exerts a moderating role when hope is diminished, and only high SES participants are able to cope with the absence of hope by redirecting dominance feelings to creativity. Results suggest that increasing hope among low SES consumers can enhance their creativity, and that hope can be enhanced through actions undertaken by companies and public organizations.
Controversies in the diagnosis of Type 1 von Willebrand disease
Authors: Bowman M. L. , James P. D. 
Published: April 2017

Abstractvon Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common bleeding disorder. Type 1 VWD represents the majority of cases and results from a partial quantitative deficiency of von Willebrand factor (VWF). The diagnosis of Type 1 VWD presents many challenges, despite there being three established diagnostic criteria: a personal history of mucocutaneous bleeding, a family history and low VWF levels. These criteria do not always coexist, and there is great overlap of clinical phenotypes and laboratory parameters between healthy individuals and those with VWD. Mild bleeding symptoms can have any number of causes and bleeding is commonly reported in the general population. VWF levels do not always correlate with bleeding symptoms and can be variable between affected family members. Additionally, VWF levels vary widely as a result of both genetic and non‐genetic influences. Perhaps the greatest current controversy in the diagnosis of Type 1 VWD is that there is no consensus laboratory cut‐off for the diagnosis, raising concern about both over‐ and under‐diagnosis. Ongoing studies are addressing these issues by clarifying the underlying pathogenesis of the disease, as well as the natural history and the risk of future bleeding in those with the diagnosis.
Clinical decision support for hematology laboratory test utilization
Authors: Jackups R. , Szymanski J. J. , Persaud S. P. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractClinical decision support (CDS) is the use of information and communication technologies to improve clinical decision making and patient care. CDS applications have been used in many aspects of health care, including medication ordering and diagnostic prediction algorithms. As economic and regulatory pressures place a strain on laboratory resources, the potential of CDS to improve utilization of laboratory testing has also begun to be realized. Hematology and coagulation laboratories stand to gain tremendously from the implementation of CDS interventions, given their mixture of high‐volume, low‐cost tests (eg CBC, PT, aPTT) and tests that carry a high potential of being misused or misinterpreted (eg lupus anticoagulant, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia testing). This brief review will define the key terms in the field of clinical decision support, provide instructive examples of CDS interventions to improve utilization of hematology and coagulation testing, introduce methods to implement these interventions effectively, and discuss metrics by which the success of these interventions can be evaluated.
The prenatal gut microbiome: are we colonized with bacteria in utero?
Authors: Walker R. W. , Clemente J. C. , Peter I. , Loos R. J. F. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThe colonization of the gut with microbes in early life is critical to the developing newborn immune system, metabolic function and potentially future health. Maternal microbes are transmitted to offspring during childbirth, representing a key step in the colonization of the infant gut. Studies of infant meconium suggest that bacteria are present in the foetal gut prior to birth, meaning that colonization could occur prenatally. Animal studies have shown that prenatal transmission of microbes to the foetus is possible, and physiological changes observed in pregnant mothers indicate that in utero transfer is likely in humans as well. However, direct evidence of in utero transfer of bacteria in humans is lacking. Understanding the timing and mechanisms involved in the first colonization of the human gut is critical to a comprehensive understanding of the early life gut microbiome. This review will discuss the evidence supporting in utero transmission of microbes from mother to infants. We also review sources of transferred bacteria, physiological mechanisms of transfer and modifiers of maternal microbiomes and their potential role in early life infant health. Well‐designed longitudinal birth studies that account for established modifiers of the gut microbiome are challenging, but will be necessary to confirm in utero transfer and further our knowledge of the prenatal microbiome.
The social security number: A small device underpinning big systems
Authors: Adèle Paul‐Anthelme 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe possession and use of a personal social security number helps to structure people's daily lives. However, despite its fundamental normative importance, the social security number remains a little‐known entity. Increasingly universal and yet diverse in form, it is a legal and technical norm which is as much a mechanism for surveillance and monitoring as it is a necessary instrument for giving effect to social rights. Analysis of this constituent element of social security systems permits as assessment of some of the technical difficulties presented by the ever‐increasing movement of people and data. Overcoming these technical difficulties should permit to envisage a first technical step towards realizing a universal and global social security system.
The effect of adult Early Warning Systems education on nurses’ knowledge, confidence and clinical performance: A systematic review
Authors: Saab Mohamad M. , McCarthy Bridie , Andrews Tom , Savage Eileen , Drummond Frances J. , Walshe Nuala , Forde Mary , Breen Dorothy , Henn Patrick , Drennan Jonathan , Hegarty Josephine 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimsThis review aims to determine the effect of adult Early Warning Systems education on nurses’ knowledge, confidence and clinical performance.BackgroundEarly Warning Systems support timely identification of clinical deterioration and prevention of avoidable deaths. Several educational programmes have been designed to help nurses recognize and manage deteriorating patients. Little is known as to the effectiveness of these programmes.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesAcademic Search Complete, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, Psychology and Behavioral Science Collection, SocINDEX and the UK & Ireland Reference Centre, EMBASE, the Turning Research Into Practice database, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and Grey Literature sources were searched between October and November 2015.Review methodsThis is a quantitative systematic review using Cochrane methods. Studies published between January 2011 ‐ November 2015 in English were sought. The risk of bias, level of evidence and the quality of evidence per outcome were assessed.ResultsEleven articles with 10 studies were included. Nine studies addressed clinical performance, four addressed knowledge and two addressed confidence. Knowledge, vital signs recording and Early Warning Score calculation were improved in the short term. Two interventions had no effect on nurses’ response to clinical deterioration and use of communication tools.ConclusionThis review highlights the importance of measuring outcomes using standardized tools and valid and reliable instruments. Using longitudinal designs, researchers are encouraged to investigate the effect of Early Warning Systems educational programmes. These can include interactive e‐learning, on‐site interdisciplinary Early Warning Scoring systems training sessions and simulated scenarios.
Readiness for hospital discharge: A concept analysis
Authors: Galvin Eileen Catherine , Wills Teresa , Coffey Alice 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimTo report on an analysis on the concept of ‘readiness for hospital discharge’.BackgroundNo uniform operational definition of ‘readiness for hospital discharge’ exists in the literature; therefore, a concept analysis is required to clarify the concept and identify an up‐to‐date understanding of readiness for hospital discharge. Clarity of the concept will identify all uses of the concept; provide conceptual clarity, an operational definition and direction for further research.DesignLiterature review and concept analysis.MethodA review of literature was conducted in 2016. Databases searched were: Academic Search Complete, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, PsycARTICLES, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection, PsycINFO, Social Sciences Full Text (H.W. Wilson) and SocINDEX with Full Text. No date limits were applied.ResultsIdentification of the attributes, antecedents and consequences of readiness for hospital discharge led to an operational definition of the concept. The following attributes belonging to ‘readiness for hospital discharge’ were extracted from the literature: physical stability, adequate support, psychological ability, and adequate information and knowledge.ConclusionThis analysis contributes to the advancement of knowledge in the area of hospital discharge, by proposing an operational definition of readiness for hospital discharge, derived from the literature. A better understanding of the phenomenon will assist healthcare professionals to recognize, measure and implement interventions where necessary, to ensure patients are ready for hospital discharge and assist in the advancement of knowledge for all professionals involved in patient discharge from hospital.
Who Cares? European Public Opinion on Foreign Aid and Political Conditionality
Authors: Bodenstein Thilo , Faust Jörg 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe provide evidence on the individual and country‐level determinants of citizens' support for political conditionality in foreign aid, using novel survey data for 27 European countries. Based on the welfare state literature and existing public opinion research in foreign aid, we expect citizens with more rightist political orientations as well as those who do not perceive their own state apparatus to function in a meritocratic way to be more likely to support political conditionality. Our multi‐level analysis supports these hypotheses in general, but also shows that the effect of political orientations on support for political conditionality in foreign aid is limited to traditional EU donor countries, where the left/right‐cleavage has been dominant in politics.
Consensus statement on prevention and management of adverse effects following rejuvenation procedures with hyaluronic acid‐based fillers
Authors: Philipp‐Dormston W.G. , Bergfeld D. , Sommer B.M. , Sattler G. , Cotofana S. , Snozzi P. , Wollina U. , Hoffmann K.P.J. , Salavastru C. , Fritz K. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFacial fillers play an important role in the correction of facial changes associated with ageing. They offer quick treatments in the outpatient setting with minimal subsequent downtime that provide predictable, natural‐looking, long‐lasting results. Adverse reactions after hyaluronic acid injections tend to be mild or moderate and rather temporary. However, as with all injected or implanted biomaterials, severe adverse events can occur and patients must be fully informed of potential risks prior to undergoing treatment. A panel of experts from Germany (D), Austria (A) and Switzerland (CH) developed recommendations, and this study provides the ‘DACH Consensus Recommendations’ from this group specifically on the use of hyaluronic acid fillers. The aim is to help clinicians recognize potential risks and to provide guidance on how best to treat adverse events if they arise. Contraindications to hyaluronic acid fillers are also detailed, and ways to prevent adverse events occurring are discussed. Hyaluronic acid‐based products are claimed to be very close to an ideal tissue augmentation agent; nevertheless, profound medical, anatomical and product knowledge are of paramount importance to minimize the occurrence of adverse reactions.
A bacterium with close genetic identity to Pseudomonas mandelii associated with spring fish kills in wild bluegill Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque and pumpkinseed sunfish Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus)
Authors: Lovy J , Dicarlo‐Emery D , Hutcheson J M 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPseudomonas fluorescens are known bacterial pathogens in fish. The P. fluorescens group contains at least nine different bacterial species, although species from fish have rarely been differentiated. Two isolated fish kills affecting wild bluegills, Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque, and pumpkinseed sunfish, Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus), occurred in the spring of 2015 during cool water temperatures (12.5°C–15.5°C). Disease signs included severe bacteraemia with rare gross external signs. Pure bacterial cultures isolated from kidneys of all affected fish were identified as P. fluorescens using the API 20NE system, while no bacteria were isolated from asymptomatic fish. To further identify the species of bacterium within the P. fluorescens complex, genetic analysis of the 16S rRNA, rpoD and gyrB genes was conducted. DNA sequences of bacterial isolates from both mortality events were identical and had close identity (≥99.7%) to Pseudomonas mandelii. Although likely widespread in the aquatic environment, this is the first report of a bacterium closely resembling P. mandelii infecting and causing disease in fish. The bacterium grew at temperatures between 5°C and 30°C, but not at 37°C. It is possible that infections in fish were a result of immunosuppression associated with spring conditions combined with the psychrotrophic nature of the bacterium.