bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic accuracy of radiographs for the diagnosis of humeral intracondylar fissure in dogs
Authors: Sprocatti M. , Solano M. A. , Volckaert V. , Danielski A. 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivesTo assess the diagnostic accuracy of radiographs in identifying humeral intracondylar fissures in dogs.Materials and MethodsClinical data from dogs undergoing CT and radiographic elbow investigations at a single institution were reviewed. Based on CT diagnosis, radiographs were classified as having fissures and not having fissures. The radiographic images were evaluated by three blinded observers for the presence/absence of a fissure, type (partial or complete), and for secondary signs that could suggest the presence of a fissure in case this was not visible.ResultsA total of 81 radiographs (76 elbows) were reviewed. Based on CT findings, 37 elbows had fissures and 44 did not. Radiographic interpretation demonstrated a sensitivity of 47.7% (confidence interval 95%: 0.40 to 0.59) and specificity of 85.6% (confidence interval 95%: 0.72 to 0.93) in correctly identifying humeral intracondylar fissures. The positive predictive value was 75.5% (confidence interval 95%: 0.64 to 0.84) and the negative predictive value was 66.1% (confidence interval 95%: 0.63 to 0.68). Agreement with CT images was <0.4, and interobserver and intraobserver agreements were <0.8. The radiographic orientation and type of fissure did not significantly affect interpretation outcomes.Clinical SignificanceRadiographic imaging alone is insufficient for reliably diagnosing humeral intracondylar fissures in dogs.
Identifying actions taken by health care professionals during procedures involving children with autism spectrum disorders in a high technological environment: Using critical incident technique
Authors: Pettersson Emelie , Christensen Berit Møller , Berglund Ingalill Gimbler , Huus Karina 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeTo explore actions taken by health care professionals during a procedure with a child with autism spectrum disorderDesign and MethodCritical incident technique was used, which is a technique with a qualitative descriptive retrospective design, to capture situations experienced by health care professionals during a procedure in an anaesthesia or radiology department. Health care professionals from anaesthesia and radiology departments (n = 20) were interviewed about situations affecting the procedure.ResultsThe findings revealed a broad range of actions (n = 205) taken by the health care professionals during a procedure with a child with autism spectrum disorder. The analysis resulted in two main areas: Finding a way to facilitate a procedure in a high technology environment and Creating a trustful relationship with a child with autism spectrum disorder. The most common action in the first area, was to adjust routines. In the second area the most common action was to take one step at a time and not force or rush the child during the procedure.Practice ImplicationsThe health care professionals used a broad range of different actions to facilitate a procedure in the high technology environment for a child with ASD, which indicates the need for a flexible approach. The actions taken included both adjustments to the environment and enhancing interactions with the child.
High‐nitrogen‐induced γ‐aminobutyric acid triggers host immunity and pathogen oxidative stress tolerance in tomato and Ralstonia solanacearum interaction
Authors: Liu Wei , Wang Yushu , Ji Tuo , Wang Chengqiang , Shi Qinghua , Li Chuanyou , Wei Jin‐Wei , Gong Biao 
Published: September 2024

Summary

Soil nitrogen (N) significantly influences the interaction between plants and pathogens, yet its impact on host defenses and pathogen strategies via alterations in plant metabolism remains unclear.

Through metabolic and genetic studies, this research demonstrates that high‐N‐input exacerbates tomato bacterial wilt by altering γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) metabolism of host plants.

Under high‐N conditions, the nitrate sensor NIN‐like protein 7 (SlNLP7) promotes the glutamate decarboxylase 2/4 (SlGAD2/4) transcription and GABA synthesis by directly binding to the promoters of SlGAD2/4. The tomato plants with enhanced GABA levels showed stronger immune responses but remained susceptible to Ralstonia solanacearum. This led to the discovery that GABA produced by the host actually heightens the pathogen's virulence. We identified the R. solanacearum LysR‐type transcriptional regulator OxyR protein, which senses host‐derived GABA and, upon interaction, triggers a response involving protein dimerization that enhances the pathogen's oxidative stress tolerance by activating the expression of catalase (katE/katGa).

These findings reveal GABA's dual role in activating host immunity and enhancing pathogen tolerance to oxidative stress, highlighting the complex relationship between tomato plants and R. solanacearum, influenced by soil N status.
Combining Tibial Cortex Transverse Transport (TTT) and Endovascular Therapy (EVT) for Limb Salvage in Chronic Limb‐Threatening Ischemia
Authors: Ding Yi , Yu Dapeng , Huang Haoheng , Peng Xiao , Yang Shenghui , Lin Zhanming , Zhou Peiling , Liang Jilin , Zou Xiaochong , Mo Ruiqing , Pan Kaixiang , Zheng Puxiang , Kuang Xiaocong , Nie Xinyu , Hua Qikai 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveThe clinical management of patients with chronic limb‐threatening ischemia (CLTI) faces great challenges. Enhancing wound healing and limb preservation rates in this cohort is a critical objective. This study investigates the effectiveness of combining tibial cortex transverse transport (TTT) and endovascular therapy (EVT) for the treatment of patients with severe CLTI. We aim to evaluate the therapeutic results of this combined approach on the specified patient group.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study to compare EVT with the combination of TTT and EVT in patients (Rutherford category 5 and above) with CLTI at Guangxi Medical University's First Affiliated Hospital from June 2017 to June 2023. This cohort was subjected to a follow‐up period ranging from a minimum of 6 months to a maximum of 12 months. The primary outcome measures included amputation‐free survival (AFS) (avoidance of above‐ankle amputation or death from any cause), overall mortality, limb salvage rates, wound healing efficiency, and the technical efficacy of the applied treatments. A variety of statistical analyses including chi‐square tests, Fisher's exact tests, and Pearson's and Spearman's correlation analyses.ResultsIn this study, 131 patients with CLTI were included: 76 in the control group receiving only EVT treatment and 55 in the TTT + EVT group. The two groups were matched on demographic and clinical characteristics. In the TTT + EVT group, after more than 6 months of follow‐up, 85.5% of patients achieved AFS, and wound healing was observed in 54.5% (30 of 55 patients). After more than 12 months of follow‐up, 81.9% achieved AFS, with wound healing in 32 patients. Furthermore, after more than 24 months, 74.2% of patients remained amputation‐free, with wound healing in all surviving patients. In the control group, after more than 6 months of follow‐up, 72.4% of patients achieved AFS, and wound healing was observed in 51.3% (39 of 96 patients). After more than 12 months, 48.9% achieved AFS, with wound healing in 21 patients.ConclusionWe found that combining therapy of TTT and EVT is safe and can be successfully administered in patients with CLTI and it enhances wound healing and AFS.
A Framework for Measuring Tree Rings Based on Panchromatic Images and Deep Learning
Authors: Wang Sheng , Zhao Chaoyue , Su Yun , Cao Kangjian , Mou Chao , Xu Fu 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTTree‐ring data are pivotal for decoding the age and growth patterns of trees, reflecting the impact of environmental factors over time. Addressing the significant shortcomings of traditional, labour‐intensive and resource‐demanding methods, we propose an innovative automated technique that utilizes panchromatic images and deep learning for measuring tree rings. The method utilizes convolutional neural networks to enhance image quality, precisely delineate tree rings through segmentation and perform ring counting and width calculation in the post‐processing stage. We compiled an extensive data set from diverse sources, including Beijing Forestry University and the Summer Palace, to train our algorithm. The performance of our method was validated empirically, demonstrating its potential to transform tree‐ring analysis and provide deeper insights into ecological and climatological research.
An EIL Family Transcription Factor From Switchgrass Affects Sulphur Assimilation and Root Development in Arabidopsis
Authors: Sun Zhen , Su Yanlong , Wang Heping , Wu Zhenying , Zhao Hongbo , Wang Honglun , He Feng , Fu Chunxiang 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTSulphur limitation 1 (SLIM1), a member of ethylene‐insensitive3‐like (EIN3/EIL) protein family, is recognised as the pivotal transcription factor regulating sulphur assimilation, essential for maintaining sulphur homoeostasis in Arabidopsis. However, the function of its monocot homologues is largely unknown. In this study, we identified PvEIL3a, a homologous gene of AtSLIM1, from switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a significant perennial bioenergy crop. Our results demonstrated that introducing PvEIL3a into Arabidopsis slim1 mutants significantly increased the expression of genes responsive to sulphur deficiency, and transgenic plants exhibited shortened root length and delayed development. Moreover, PvEIL3a activated the expression of AtAPR1, AtSULTR1;1 and AtBGLU30, which plays an important role in sulphur assimilation and glucosinolate metabolism. Results of transcriptome and metabonomic analysis further indicated a perturbation in the metabolic pathways of tryptophan‐dependent indole glucosinolates (IGs), camalexin and auxin. In addition, PvEIL3a conservatively regulated sulphur assimilation and the biosynthesis of tryptophan pathway‐derived secondary metabolites, which reduced the biosynthesis of indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) and inhibited the root elongation of transgenic Arabidopsis. In conclusion, this study highlights the functional difference of the ethylene‐insensitive 3‐like (EIL) family gene in monocot and dicot plants, thereby deepening the understanding of the specific biological roles of EIL3 in monocot plant species.
Species‐Specific Root Distribution and Leaf Iso/Anisohydric Tendencies Shape Transpiration Patterns Across Heterogeneous Karst Habitats
Authors: Liu Wenna , Behzad Hamid M. , Luo Zidong , Huang Li , Nie Yunpeng , Chen Hongsong 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe driving forces of transpiration are not only atmospheric evaporation but also root zone water supply and stomatal regulation among species. However, the biophysiological drivers of transpiration remain incompletely understood in heterogeneous karst habitats. This study investigated the commonly coexisting tree species Mallotus philippensis and Celtis biondii in two typical karst habitats: rock‐dominated (RD) habitat and control soil‐dominated (SD) habitat. Over 2 years, soil moisture, transpiration, root distribution, and leaf water potential were measured. The results showed that soil moisture in the RD habitat was significantly lower than in the SD habitat. Transpiration patterns also differed between habitats, with species‐specific distinctions driven by biophysiological traits. M. philippensis showed small hydroscape areas and its root system mainly distributed in the soil zone in both habitats. The isohydric behaviour and lower root density in the RD habitat drove M. philippensis to reduce transpiration in response to soil water deficiency. Conversely, C. biondii had large hydroscape areas and roots capable of penetrating bedrock. It transpired higher relying on ample accessible water through anisohydric behaviour and having a more robust root system both in soil and bedrock zones in the RD habitat. Our study highlights the critical role of root water accessibility and leaf iso/anisohydric tendencies in driving transpiration.
Fish Genomics and Its Application in Disease‐Resistance Breeding
Authors: Huang Yu , Li Zeyu , Li Mengcheng , Zhang Xinhui , Shi Qiong , Xu Zhen 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTGlobal aquaculture production has been rising for several decades, with up to 76% of the total production from fish. However, the problem of fish diseases is becoming more and more prominent in today's context of pursuing sustainable aquaculture. Since the first fish genome assembly reported in 2002, genomic approaches have been successfully implemented in fish breeding to enhance disease resistance and reduce economic losses caused by diverse fish diseases. Here, we present a review of the current progress in fish genomics and its application in disease‐resistance breeding. First, assembly data for all publicly available fish genomes were curated and statistical analysis of these data were performed. Subsequently, genomics‐assisted breeding approaches (including quantitative trait loci mapping, genome‐wide association study, marker‐assisted selection, genomic selection, gene transfer, and genome editing) that have been applied in practical disease–resistance breeding programs are outlined. In addition, candidate genetic markers that could possibly be utilized in breeding were summarized. Finally, remaining challenges and further directions were discussed. In summary, this review provides insight into fish genomics and genomics‐assisted breeding of disease‐resistant fish varieties.
Explaining state efforts to create Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) agreements
Authors: Mayer Martin K. , Morris John C. , McNamara Madeleine W. , Zhang Xiaodan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesWith the rejuvenated emphasis on nonpoint pollution under the Water Quality Act (WQA) of 1987, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) began to face an onslaught of lawsuits designed to pressure the EPA to enforce the requirements of Section 319 of the WQA to address nonpoint pollution. Known as Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) agreements, the purpose of these plans was to limit the amount of polluted runoff reaching a state's waterways. While some states took a proactive stance on these plans, other states resisted the implementation of Section 319. This article seeks to understand state choices in the development and implementation of TMDL agreements.MethodsUtilizing a data set spanning state‐level data from 2000 to 2020, we test a novel cross‐sectional time series model employing the number agreements entered into by a state as the dependent variable.ResultsWe find that both political and need explanations are generally supported, while policy need explanations are somewhat more promising.ConclusionsTaken together, the models offer several insights into state choices around TMDL creation. The political model is the weakest, suggesting that TMDLs are not overtly political. Policy needs seem to play a more critical role in the preponderance of TMDL agreements than partisan politics.
Toxoplasma gondii DNA in Tissues of Anadromous Arctic Charr, Salvelinus alpinus, Collected From Nunavik, Québec, Canada
Authors: Merks Harriet , Gomes Renessa , Zhu Shawna , Meymandy Mahdid , Reiling Sarah J. , Bolduc Sara , Mainguy Julien , Dixon Brent R. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundToxoplasma gondii is a very common zoonotic parasite in humans and animals worldwide. Human seroprevalence is high in some regions of Canada's North and is thought to be associated with the consumption of traditionally prepared country foods, such as caribou, walrus, ringed seal and beluga. While numerous studies have reported on the prevalence of T. gondii in these animals, in the general absence of felid definitive hosts in the North there has been considerable debate regarding the source of infection, particularly in marine mammals. It has been proposed that fish could be involved in this transmission.AimsThe objectives of the present study were to perform a targeted survey to determine the prevalence of T. gondii DNA in various tissues of anadromous Arctic charr sampled in Nunavik, Québec, and to investigate the possible role of this commonly consumed fish in the transmission of infection to humans and marine mammals in Canada's North.Methods and ResultsA total of 126 individual Arctic charr were sampled from several sites in Nunavik, and various tissues were tested for the presence of T. gondii DNA using PCR. Overall, 12 out of 126 (9.5%) Arctic charr tested in the present study were PCR‐positive, as confirmed by DNA sequencing. Brain tissue was most commonly found to be positive, followed by heart tissue, while none of the dorsal muscle samples tested were positive.ConclusionsAlthough the presence of T. gondii DNA in brain and heart tissues of Arctic charr is very intriguing, infection in these fish, and their possible role in the transmission of this parasite to humans and marine mammals, will need to be confirmed using mouse bioassays. Arctic charr are likely exposed to T. gondii through the ingestion of oocysts transported by surface water and ocean currents from more southerly regions where the definitive felid hosts are more abundant. If infection in Arctic charr can be confirmed, it is possible that these fish could play an important role in the transmission of toxoplasmosis to Inuit, either directly through the consumption of raw fish or indirectly through the infection of fish‐eating marine mammals harvested as country foods.
Defining the exit meta-analysis
Authors: Abdulmajeed Jazeel , Furuya-Kanamori Luis , Chivese Tawanda , Xu Chang , Thalib Lukman , Doi Suhail A.R. 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
In recent decades, clinical research has seen significant advancements, both in the generation and synthesis of evidence through meta-analyses. Despite these methodological advancements, there is a growing concern about the accumulation of repetitive and redundant literature, potentially contributing to research waste. This highlights the necessity for a mechanism to determine when a meta-analysis has conclusively addressed a research question, signaling no further need for additional studies—a concept we term an “exit” meta-analysis.

Methods:
We introduced a convergence index, the Doi-Abdulmajeed Trial Stability (DAts) index, and a convergence plot to determine the exit status of a meta-analysis. The performance of DAts was examined through simulation and applied to two real-world meta-analyses.

Results:
The DAts index and convergence plot demonstrate highly effective discriminative ability across varying study scenarios. This represents the first attempt to define an exit meta-analysis using a quantitative measurement of stability (as opposed to sufficiency) and its corresponding plot. The application to real-world scenarios further validated the utility of DAts and the convergence plot in identifying a conclusive (exit) meta-analyses.

Conclusion:
The new development of DAts and the convergence plot provide a promising tool for investigating the conclusiveness of meta-analyses. By identifying an exit status for meta-analysis, the scientific community may be equipped to make better-informed decisions on the continuation of research on a specific topic, thereby preventing research waste and focusing efforts on areas with unresolved questions.
Critical Shear Stresses for Erosion From Yield Stresses
Authors: Pease Leonard F. , Fuher Arich J. , Bamberger Judith Ann , Minette Michael J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Here we evaluate the assertion that critical shear stresses for erosion may be derived from yield stresses for nominally cohesive particle beds across the full range of particle Reynolds numbers. The critical shear stress for erosion for non-cohesive particle beds may be estimated from the Shields diagrams or the analytical expressions from conservation of force about a particle at the interface. However, equivalent diagrams for cohesive particle beds have remained elusive. In 1992, pioneering analysis by Dade included the influence of the van der Waals force in particle forces balances to show that the critical shear stresses for erosion may be related to yield stresses subject to the limitations of small particle Reynolds numbers, flat particle beds, uniform particle diameters, and negligible electrostatic forces. Here we relax these restrictions. We find that the critical shear stress for erosion does relate to the yield stresses in a linear fashion for sufficiently large yield stresses. A criterion is developed to determine when the yield stresses may be important.
Dynamic Behavior of Two-Pairs of Vortices Rolled Up From Elastic Butterfly Wings
Authors: Haishi Sei , Fuchiwaki Masaki 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A moving elastic airfoil leads to fluid-structure interaction, complicating the flow field. Although the flow field around a moving elastic airfoil is complicated, elastic airfoils have some advantages. Recently, very thin membrane airfoils have also attracted attention. However, the flow field and the interaction between it and the deformation of the thin membrane are not fully understood. In this study, we investigate the flow field around a membrane airfoil based on the flapping motion of a butterfly wing. The deformation of a butterfly wing and the behavior of vortices that roll up from the leading edge, trailing edge, and wing tip as it flaps are quantitatively examined. The relationship between wing deformation and vortex behavior is also investigated. The fine arch wing shape contributes to the development of vorticity and the dynamic behavior of the vortex ring on the downstroke. However, on the upstroke, the complicated wing shape cannot generate developed vortices and the vortex ring remains mostly unchanged.
Optimization of a Closed 2-Channel Impeller With Experimental and Optical Support
Authors: Beck David , Thamsen Paul Uwe 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Due to the high number of solids in wastewater and the resulting increased susceptibility to clogging for wastewater pumps, wastewater impellers are classically designed with a low number of blades as semi-open or closed impellers. In addition to higher possible efficiencies, the closed impellers also have an advantage in terms of resistance to wear compared to semi-open impellers. However, the closed 2-channel impellers have not yet been able to demonstrate good resistance to clogging by fibrous materials.
Based on an already tested impeller (MOD 0), two further modifications are discussed in this publication, which show significant improvements in clogging behavior with the help of a optimization methodology. These are mainly achieved in the first modification (MOD 1) by a strongly thickened blade geometry, which can already achieve an initial improvement in clogging susceptibility. The second modification (MOD 2) takes up this thickened blade, whereby the concave suction side of the blade is made convex. This also significantly improves the slipping behavior of the dusters, resulting in a closed 2-channel impeller with a low susceptibility to clogging.