bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Langues d'Islam et sociétés médiévales
Authors: Grévin Benoît 
Published: November 2015

Résumé
L’Italie renaissante (1370-1520) offre un champ d’exploration privilégié pour poser à nouveaux frais la question de la circulation des connaissances arabes et portant sur l’arabe dans l’espace méditerranéen, à l’intersection du Dār al-Islām et de l’Europe latine. Une approche inspirée de la sociolinguistique et combinant histoire des réseaux marchands, curiaux et communautaires et étude des témoignages textuels permet de dépasser les clivages traditionnels pour reconstituer les contours de cultures multiples, en perpétuelle évolution. Les « arabes italiens » de la Renaissance sont en effet alimentés aussi bien par les réseaux marchands italiens dans le monde arabe que par les pratiques linguistiques des communautés juives péninsulaires et, surtout, siciliennes. Les connaissances de tous ordres ainsi accumulées trouvent des débouchés originaux dans les cours du Quattrocento, intéressées à des stratégies de déploiement de savoirs linguistiques exotiques, sans pour autant être pérennisées au travers d’un enseignement orientaliste encore à venir.
Le berbère au Moyen Âge
Authors: Ghouirgate Mehdi 
Published: November 2015

Résumé
Si dans la vulgate de l’histoire de l’Occident musulman médiéval les Berbères apparaissent comme une composante majeure tant sur le plan politique que militaire, il n’en va pas de même de leurs langues. Cet article se propose de revenir sur cette lacune en appréhendant la question de l’islamisation et de l’étatisation des sociétés du Maghreb sous les empires almoravide et almohade à travers le prisme de la langue berbère. En effet, contrairement à l’Orient qui vit quasiment disparaître les langues autochtones copte et syriaque, peu de Maghrébins étaient capables de lire et de parler l’arabe avant les XIIe et XIIIe siècles. Or le berbère servit de support à l’islamisation non seulement au Maghreb mais également en Afrique subsaharienne et fut à ce titre couché par écrit. Toujours dans la même logique, les Almohades se dotèrent d’une langue sacrée propre qui était la langue berbère des Maṣmūda à laquelle ils agrégèrent bon nombre de termes arabes, essentiellement puisés dans le champ lexical religieux. Cette langue en vertu d’une tradition prophétique (ḥadiṯh) ne fut pas appelée « langue berbère » mais « langue occidentale » ; les Almohades-Berbères cherchaient ainsi à se doter d’un idiome qui soit l’expression du message sacré.
In search of an ‘origin’: Re-presenting guoxue in Chinese cinema of the new millennium
Authors: Zhu Yun 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This article examines Zhang Yimou’s Yingxiong/Hero (2002), Chen Kaige’s Mei Lanfang/Forever Enthralled (2008) and Hu Mei’s Kongzi/Confucius (2010), and discusses how they respectively reconstruct narratives of a mythical national spirit via sublimated portrayals of guoxue and how such re-presentations respond to both earlier cinematic traditions and the more and more intense trend of commercialization in the Chinese film industry. What makes these films’ shared investment in guoxue even more interesting is the fact that all these three directors are representative figures of the so-called ‘Fifth Generation’, a group of film-makers who were best known for their self-consciously critical approaches towards Chinese cultural traditions in the 1980s. Their recent collective enthusiasm for guoxue and much more positive re-presentations of it not only indicate a revisit to the heated discussions over indigenous cultural roots two to three decades ago but also reflect the restructured relationships among film-makers, their audiences and the state.
Bodies in crisis: Sensuality and the cinematic reconfiguration of the spy genre in contemporary Chinese cinema
Authors: Zhu Yanhong 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Spy films produced during the Cold War and the immediate post-Cold War era in Mainland China reflect a heightened anxiety of national security and serve primarily as political propaganda. This article examines the changing cultural context of post-socialist China and the transformation of the spy film genre in contemporary Chinese cinema in the age of globalization and transnationalism. Looking specifically at three recently released films, Ang Lees Se jie/Lust, Caution (2007), Chen Guofu and Gao Qunshus Fengsheng/The Message (2009) and Alan Mak and Felix Chongs Ting feng zhe/The Silent War (2012), this article examines the centrality of body narrative to the cinematic reconfiguration of the spy genre in contemporary Chinese cinema. It argues that the recently emerged spy films demonstrate special interests in the bodys dual role in cinema  as both an image that invites the embodied spectator to engage with it and a site where multiple discourses of nationhood, sexuality and individual identity intersect to reveal the transnational imagination and reconfiguration of the spy figure, whose identity can no longer be defined by an absolute dichotomy between mind and body, between exteriority and interiority, but by the constant tension generated from the inseparability between the minds rationality and the bodys corporeality.
Lost in Thailand: Travel metaphors in contemporary Chinese comedy
Authors: Yang Wei 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Chinese cinema at the turn of the twenty-first century is replete with metaphors of travel  migration, roaming, exile, diaspora, and more recently, adventure and tourism. This article explores the allegorical uses of mobility and journey in recent New Years comedies, as exemplified by Xu Zhengs 2012 blockbuster release Ren zai jiongtu zhi taijiong/Lost in Thailand, a film that is widely considered to have shaken up Chinas domestic film industry. The notion of Thailand in the film as simultaneously a commercial and spiritual destination is crucial to the matter at hand. I argue that the spatial consumption typical of travel films acquires an alternative form here, one that does not fortify but rather undermines the imagination of Chinese power in a foreign land. This form of spatiality is best understood within the generic framework of New Years comedy, as well as the larger context of consumer culture and mass entertainment. Inquiring into the mixed tropes of comedy and melodrama, I seek to illustrate how the newly emergent tourist discourse builds upon the organizational principles of holiday-themed films, and how this particular genre and style, at times, can enable apolitical encounters with the societys collective consciousness, while critiquing the limits and conditions of Chinas post-socialist reality from within.
Cultural extraterritoriality: Intra-regional politics in contemporary Hong Kong cinema
Authors: Fan Victor 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In this article, Victor Fan argues that analysing contemporary Hong Kong cinema requires active rewriting of established postcolonial theories by taking into account the specific mode of colonization of Hong Kong: extraterritoriality. This concept has been responsible for the construction of the cultural plurality, linguistic ambiguity and political liminality of Hong Kong and its cinematographic experience, as well as the incongruence between the communitys political consciousness after 1997 and the larger national imagination promulgated by the Beijing government. The term extraterritoriality was translated into Chinese after 1895 via Japanese as zhiwai faquan: the right to exercise ones law outside a nation states sovereign terrain, and colonialism in China between 1844 and 1949 was largely characterized by a continuous reformulation and systematization of this concept. It in fact still informs the way former colonized regions in China are administered today, and the political unconscious of their residents. With Johnnie Tos 2012 film Duzhan (Ct. Dukzin)/Drug War as a case study, contemporary Hong Kong cinema, Fan argues, can be understood as a public sphere where an extraterritorial consciousness and the contesting political affects associated with it are actively negotiated.
Anticipating action: The evolving grammar of action and montage in Hong Kong cinema
Authors: Chan Jessica Ka Yee 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In his formalist reading, David Bordwell (2001: 73, 80) uses the term pause-burst-pause pattern to refer to the cinematic expressivity of Hong Kong action cinema. Although the pause-burst-pause paradigm locates stasis and action that lie at the heart of the performance and cinematic representation of physical action, the pause-burst-pause punctuation undergoes aesthetic transformation in the digital age. Through a comparative analysis of five representative films from the 1960s to the millennium, this article explores Hong Kong action cinemas historical evolution from the display of physical combat (swordplay, kung fu and gunplay) to intense psychological mind game and heightened aestheticization in four stylistic turns  fantastic, realist, formalist and digital. Wong Kar-wais Yi dai zong shi/The Grandmaster (2013), following the box office success of transnational Chinese martial arts cinemas, serves as a prime example of the digital turn as postcolonial Hong Kong action cinema positions and articulates itself to an increasingly international film scene. Taking Lisa Purses (2005: 152) notion of hypermediacy as a springboard, I argue that the combined use of computer-generated imagery (CGI) and aestheticized slow motion in The Grandmaster represents a new appreciation of slowness and softness, reinventing corporeal authenticity that the action genre is premised on.
Book Reviews
Authors: Moreno Ulises , Moskowitz Marc L. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Popular Culture in Asia: Memory, City, Celebrity, Lorna Fitzsimmons and John A. Lent (eds), (2013 First Edition) New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 240 pp., ISBN: 1137270195, Hardback, $47.50, 9781137270207 Electronic, $35.62
Asian Popular Culture: The Global (Dis)continuity, Anthony Y. H. Fung (ed.), (2013 First Edition) New York: Routledge, 274 pp., ISBN: 9780415557177, Paperback, £29.99
Hospitality: Possible or impossible?
Authors: Kearney Richard 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This article explores two main philosophical approaches to the relationship between hospitality and hostility. First, the hermeneutic approach, inspired by Paul Ricoeur, committed to a paradigm of reciprocal exchange between host and guest. Second, the deconstructive approach following Derrida, which endorses an asymmetrical rupture between host and guest. In the second part of the article the author applies these respective models to critical readings of hospitality in the Greek and Biblical traditions and in some contemporary political examples.
Ethics, power and space: International hospitality beyond Derrida
Authors: Bulley Dan 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This article argues for the importance of hospitality in discussions of international ethics, suggesting that, while Jacques Derrida’s thought on the concept ought to be central, we also need to go beyond it. In particular, Derrida’s focus on the threshold moment of sovereign decision has the effect of reinforcing International Relations’ focus on the state as the only ethical actor and space. In contrast, this article suggests that we think of hospitality as a spatial relation with affective dimensions and a practice that continues once the guest crosses the threshold of the home. Conceived as such, hospitality reveals a constitutive relation between ethics, power and space, which directs us to the way hospitality produces international spaces and manages them through various tactics seeking to contain the resistant guest. This argument is illustrated through an examination of perhaps the most urgent of contemporary international ethical spaces: the refugee camp.
The ‘Emergency North Africa’ in the Bologna area: Visions and tensions of hospitality in operators’ discourses
Authors: Sredanovic Djordje , Lelleri Raffaele 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
We present an analysis of the visions of hospitality of the operators involved in Emergency North Africa (ENA), a welcoming project enacted in response to a higher than usual afflux of refugees in Italy in 2011, which exceeded the capacity of ordinary refugee housing structures. We do so thanks to three focus groups involving twelve operators who have worked on ENA in the Bologna area. We show the presence of a number of tensions existing between definitions of hospitality proposed by the different professions involved, between the rapidity required by the emergency organization and the ordinary pace of other bureaucratic processes, and between the visions of hospitality in terms of either aiming to integrate refugees within the territory or simply providing initial help prior to potential secondary migrations. We conclude by analysing the notions of hospitality expressed in terms of competing governmentalities.
Reviews
Authors: Herzog Carrie , Zhen Willa , Fernandez Jeff , Stutter Natalia , Gebbels Maria , Irimiás Anna , Palm Elin , Wilkinson Samantha , Ormond Meghann , Iarmolenko Svitlana , Manzo Lidia K.C. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Everyone Eats: Understanding Food and Culture, E. N. Anderson (2014) 2nd ed., New York and London: New York University Press, 362 pp., ISBN: 9780814760062, p/bk, £14.56; ISBN: 9780814770146, h/bk, £47.56
The Cultivation of Taste: Chefs and the Organization of Fine Dining, Christel Lane (2014) Oxford: Oxford University Press, 384 pp., ISBN: 9780199651658, h/bk, £30.00
Vodka Politics: Alcohol, Autocracy and the Secret History of the Russian State, Mark Lawrence Schrad (2014) New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 512 pp., ISBN: 9780199755592, h/bk, £22.99
Street Food: Culture, Economy, Health and Governance, Ryzia De Cassia Vieira Cordoso, Michéle Companion and Stefano Roberto Marras (eds) (2014) Abingdon: Routledge, xviii+281 pp., ISBN: 9781138023680, h/bk, £85.00
Foodies and Food Tourism, Donald Getz, Richard Robinson, Tommy Andersson and Sanja Vujicic (2014) Oxford: Good Fellow Publishers Ltd, 239 pp., ISBN: 9781910158005, p/bk, $48.00/£29.99
Heritage in the Digital Era: Cinematic Tourism and the Activist Cause, Rodanthi Tzanelli (2013) Abingdon: Routledge, xv + 247 pp., ISBN: 9781415643801, h/bk, £90.00
Binational Human Rights: The U.S.-Mexico Experience, William Paul Simmons and Carol Mueller (eds) (2014) Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 300 pp., ISBN: 9780812246285, h/bk, £36.00
Contemporary Adulthood and the Night-time Economy, Oliver Smith (2014) Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 204 pp., ISBN: 9781137344519, h/bk, £58
Disruptive Tourism and its Untidy Guests: Alternative Ontologies of Future Hospitalities, Soile Veijola, Jennie Germann Molz, Olli Pyyhtinen, Emily Höckert and Alexander Grit (2014) Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, viii+167 pp., ISBN: 9781137399496, h/bk, £60.00
Identity and Intercultural Exchange in Travel and Tourism, Anthony David Barker (ed.) (2015) Bristol: Channel View, xi+220 pp., ISBN: 9781845414627, p/bk, £29.95
Market Place : Food Quarters, De sign and Urban Renewal in London, Susan Parham (2012) Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, xi + 332 pp., ISBN: 9781443841726, h/bk, £49.99
Tópicos sobre retenção escolar em Portugal através do PISA: qualidade e equidade
Authors: Ferrao Maria Eugenia 
Published: November 2015

No enquadramento das medidas necessárias à Estratégia Europa 2020 - no que concerne à prevenção da saída antecipada, identificam-se grupos de risco de retenção escolar com base na definição frequencista de probabilidade e no modelo de regressão logística multinível. A análise de dados do PISA 2012 sugere que a retenção precoce é um forte preditor da retenção tardia e que a probabilidade de retenção precoce é 35 vezes maior no primeiro décimo da distribuição do nível socioeconómico dos alunos comparativamente com o décimo superior. A razão de chances apurada considerando o modelo logístico multinível indica que os sujeitos do sexo masculino têm, em média, 1.7 vezes mais chance de ficar retidos; por cada unidade de desvio padrão adicional no nível socioeconómico do aluno, a razão de chances de não retenção aumenta 1.5 vezes e quadruplica por unidade da escala de composição socioeconómica da população discente. No que se refere ao autoconceito em Matemática, por cada unidade de desvio padrão adicional, a razão de chances de não retenção aumenta 1.5 vezes. Tendo em mente o debate internacional sobre o efeito de longo prazo da retenção escolar na trajetória individual e sabendo que Portugal se encontra entre os países da OCDE com maior grau de desigualdade na distribuição do rendimento, a interpretação dos resultados obtidos recomenda a conceção, planeamento e implementação de medidas de intervenção orientadas à melhoria das aprendizagens nos grupos de risco, tendo o 1º e 2º ciclos do ensino básico como prioritários. do nível socioeconómico dos alunos comparativamente com o décimo superior. A razão de chances apuradas considerando o modelo logístico multinível com variável resposta retenção (sim/não), indica que os sujeitos do sexo masculino têm, em média, 1.5 vezes mais chance de ficar retidos; por cada unidade de desvio padrão adicional no nível socioeconómico do aluno, a razão de chances de não retenção aumenta 1.3 vezes e, no que se refere ao autoconceito em Matemática, por cada unidade de desvio padrão adicional, a razão de chances de não retenção aumenta 1.4 vezes. Os resultados evidenciam que para os alunos mais desfavorecidos socialmente se configura um imenso cenário de desigualdade de oportunidades, com início na escola, a partir dos 7 anos de idade. Tendo em mente o debate internacional sobre o efeito de longo prazo da retenção escolar na trajetória individual e sabendo que Portugal se encontra entre os países da OCDE com maior grau de desigualdade na distribuição do rendimento, a interpretação dos resultados obtidos recomenda a conceção, planeamento e implementação de medidas de intervenção orientadas à melhoria das aprendizagens nos grupos de risco, tendo o 1º e 2º ciclos do ensino básico como prioritários.
An interdisciplinary analysis of genetically modified vaccines: from clinical trials to market
Authors: Ramezanpour Bahar , Riemmens Tommy , Van de Burgwal Linda , Claassen E. 
Published: November 2015

<p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Background: </span></strong><span lang="EN-GB">Immunization is considered the most effective strategy for infectious disease control and maintaining global health. Conventional vaccines have successfully targeted a broad spectrum of pathogens. However, a large number of untargeted diseases still remain. Introduction of novel Genetically Modified (GM) vaccines allow development of new improved vaccines and immunotherapeutics. Moreover, GM vaccines can also target non-communicable diseases outside the range of infectious diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, and allergies. </span><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Methods: </span></strong><span lang="EN-GB">We compiled novel and unique datasets encompassing data from literature, patent documents, clinical trials, and vaccine registers in order to provide a thorough overview of the GM market.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Results: </span></strong><span lang="EN-GB">Based on patent data, we found that most patent applications were filed in North America, Asia, and Europe, which coincides with the locations of the largest companies and institutes. Looking at clinical trial data we forecast marketing of two next generation GM vaccines, targeting cancer and malaria. In addition, we calculated phase transition success rates of 82% (phase 1-2) and 76% (phase 2-3).</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Conclusions: </span></strong><span lang="EN-GB">These findings indicate viable regions for GM vaccine research and development. Phase transition success rates of 82% (phase 1-2) and 76% (phase 2-3) predict a relatively high chance of marketing approval. Increased registrations of GM vaccines complemented by rising numbers of patent applications suggest global growth of the GM vaccine market, which currently holds a proportion of nearly 20% of the total vaccine market.</span></p>
Funding of clinical trials in Brazil for the development of new drugs: who are the sponsors?
Authors: Silva Ricardo Eccard da , Amato Angélica Amorim , Garbi Novaes Maria Rita Carvalho 
Published: November 2015

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> A low rate of investment in science it is directly impacts the technological independence and capacity in health care costs. Knowledge of funding sources is critical to understand the problem and formulates hypotheses for future studies.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Two databases were used: the System for Control of Clinical Research (SCCR) from the Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency (Anvisa), and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP). </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> From 2009 to 2012, 77% of the clinical trials approved by Anvisa were sponsored by transnational pharmaceutical industry. On the other hand, the national pharmaceutical industry sponsored 8% of the trials over the same period. The most frequent sponsor of clinical trials involving drugs registered in the ICTRP from 2011 to 2012 was the transnational pharmaceutical industry (43%). Among the trials with national sponsors, are those involving neglected diseases such as chronic hepatitis C (ICD X B18.2), cutaneous leishmaniasis (ICD X B55.1) and yellow fever (ICD X A95), which were all sponsored by national governmental foundations. None of the active pharmaceutical ingredients studied by the transnational pharmaceutical industry or the transnational biopharmaceutical company were in the national list of essential medicines. On the other hand, 83% and 66.6% of the active pharmaceutical ingredients studied by national private universities and the international governmental agency, respectively, are in the national list of essential medicines. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The national pharmaceutical industry and government still invests little in Research and Development (R&amp;D) activities, when compared with transnational industries. This affects directly its technological and innovation ability.</p>