bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motivational Interviewing as an Adjunct to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety
Authors: Barrera Terri L. , Smith Angela H. , Norton Peter J. 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveThis study examined the effect of a single session motivational interviewing (MI) intervention on engagement in a 12‐week transdiagnostic group cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) treatment for anxiety.MethodParticipants were randomized to MI (N = 20) or non‐MI (N = 19) conditions before enrolling in a 12‐week group CBT program. Participants in the MI condition received an individual 50‐minute MI session adapted from the longer MI pretreatment protocol, developed by Westra and Dozois () and Westra ().ResultsRates of treatment initiation and treatment expectancies were significantly higher among participants who received the MI pretreatment intervention. Results indicate substantial reduction in clinician‐rated anxiety severity after transdiagnostic group CBT, with no significant differences between MI and non‐MI conditions.ConclusionThese findings suggest that a single MI pretreatment session may have positive effects on proximal measures of treatment engagement, but that these effects may not affect the severity of anxiety symptoms over the course of CBT.
Oncologic outcomes after nipple‐sparing mastectomy: A single‐institution experience
Authors: Frey Jordan D. , Alperovich Michael , Kim Jennifer Chun , Axelrod Deborah M. , Shapiro Richard L. , Choi Mihye , Schnabel Freya R. , Karp Nolan S. , Guth Amber A. 
Published: December 2015

IntroductionLong‐term oncologic outcomes in nipple‐sparing mastectomy (NSM) continue to be defined. Rates of locoregional recurrence for skin‐sparing mastectomy (SSM) and NSM in the literature range from 0% to 14.3%. We investigated the outcomes of NSM at our institution.MethodsPatients undergoing NSM at our institution from 2006 to 2014 were identified and outcomes were analyzed.ResultsFrom 2006 to 2014, 319 patients (555 breasts) underwent NSM. One‐hundered and fourty‐one patients (237 breasts) had long‐term follow‐up available. Average patient age and BMI were 47.78 and 24.63. Eighty‐four percent of patients underwent mastectomy primarily for a therapeutic indication. Average tumor size was 1.50 cm with the most common histologic type being invasive ductal carcinoma (62.7%) followed by DCIS (23.7%). Average patient follow‐up was 30.73 months. There was one (0.8%) incidence of ipsilateral chest‐wall recurrence. There were 0.37 complications per patient.ConclusionsWe examined our institutional outcomes with NSM and found a locoregional recurrence rate of 0.8% with no nipple‐areolar complex recurrence. This rate is lower than published rates for both NSM and SSM. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:8–11. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Including Consumers in the Organisational Knowledge Network
Authors: Perrott Bruce 
Published: December 2015

This article is intended to build a better understanding of the knowledge dynamics in organisations and the role communities of practice play in facilitating the effective flow and application of knowledge.Exploring the dimensions of knowledge dynamics in organisations, this article highlights the critical role communities of practice play in healthcare organisation operations. Readers will gain new insights into the role they play in the knowledge dynamics of organisations. From the insights gained from pilot studies in health care, the article suggests that the concept of communities of practice can be extended to include customers, thus building knowledge management efficiency and effectiveness of the organisation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dietary polyphenol morin rescues endothelial dysfunction in a diabetic mouse model by activating the Akt/eNOS pathway
Authors: Taguchi Kumiko , Hida Mari , Hasegawa Mami , Matsumoto Takayuki , Kobayashi Tsuneo 
Published: December 2015

ScopeEndothelial dysfunction is a critical factor during the initiation of diabetic cardiovascular complications. Polyphenols may represent beneficial dietary components eliciting cardiovascular protection. Although we previously reported that the polyphenol morin (MO) ameliorated diabetes‐induced endothelial dysfunction, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we investigated protective effects and mechanisms of MO in streptozotocin STZ induced diabetic aorta endothelial dysfunction.Methods and resultsDiabetes was induced by tail vein injection of STZ (200 mg/kg). At 12 wk after injection, the thoracic aorta was isolated and endothelial function was assessed by acetylcholine (ACh) induced, endothelial‐dependent vasorelaxation in aortas. Nitric oxide (NO) levels and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), phosphorylated‐eNOS (p‐eNOS), Akt, and phosphorylated‐Akt (p‐Akt) levels were also evaluated in aortas. Diabetic aortas showed attenuated endothelial function, which was improved by MO treatment. MO treatment alone increased NO levels and endothelial‐dependent relaxation responses via Akt signaling, although ACh did not activate this pathway. Moreover, MO upregulated p‐Akt (at Ser473 and Thr308) and p‐eNOS (at Ser1177) expression in diabetic aortas, but ACh stimulation had no effect on p‐Akt and p‐eNOS levels.ConclusionThese results indicate a novel role for MO in protection against endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. The protective effects of MO are dependent on Akt‐dependent activation of eNOS signaling.
Random styrenic copolymers with pendant pyrene moieties: Synthesis and applications in organic field‐effect transistor memory
Authors: Chung Fei‐Jan , Liu Hsin‐Yu , Jiang Bo‐Yi , He Guan‐Yu , Wang Shi‐Hao , Wu Wen‐Chung , Liu Cheng‐Liang 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThree random copolymers comprised pendant styrene and 4‐(1‐pyrenyl)‐styrene (PyS) moieties in different molar ratios (21.4:1 (P1), 3.9:1 (P2), and 1.4:1 (P3)) were synthesized and employed as charge storage polymeric electret for nonvolatile organic field‐effect transistor (OFET) memory application. The impact of varying the molar ratio in side‐chain electron‐donating pyrene moieties on the thermal, optical, photophysical, electrochemical, and electrical properties of the resulting pendant copolymers was evaluated to establish structure–property relationship. The OFET memory with P3 electret layer exhibits a largest memory window of 41.8 V, long retention time of 104 s with memory ratio of 105, and stable reversibility of at least 100 cycles due to enhanced field‐induced holes trapping ability from higher PyS composition ratio. Therefore, polymer electret with pendant functional moieties shows potential for use as trapping layer in OFET memory devices. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 910–917
Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Solid Propellants in Rocket Motors by Indentation Technique
Authors: Rao Nettula Pandarinath , Solanke Chetan , Bihari Bipin Kumar , Singh Praveen Prakash , Bhattacharya Bikash 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIt is essential to evaluate the mechanical properties of propellants in a solid propellant rocket motor (SPRM) for structural integrity and its performance evaluation before the flight test. Conventionally, uni‐axial tensile testing on an universal testing machine (UTM) is used to evaluate the mechanical properties of solid propellant carton which is cast along with SPRM. Propellants in rocket motors experience various types of loading during storage, transportation, and environmental conditions over the period of time before actual flight whereas the propellant carton doesn’t experience the same as it is stored in magazine. At present, the mechanical properties of propellant cast in a carton are considered to be the mechanical properties of propellant in a rocket motor, which is not truly representative. Therefore, a non‐destructive indentation technique has been used to establish a method for evaluating the mechanical properties of solid propellants in rocket motors based on hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene. The test results obtained using the penetrometer indentation technique was analyzed comprehensively and compared with UTM results. The mathematical correlations were also developed using least square method and established by conducting the penetrometer indentation test on similar propellant composition. Further, the developed correlation was used to evaluate the mechanical properties of propellant in flight SPRM by penetrometer indentation technique.
Language Games and Meaning as Used in Student Encounters With Scientific Literacy Test Items
Authors: SERDER MARGARETA , JAKOBSSON ANDERS 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTPrevious research in science education has suggested that difficulties among students learning science relate to challenges in framing its discourse. This article examines the role that language plays in a scientific literacy test for which everyday life is an augmented aspect. Video‐recorded data was collected in four ninth‐grade science classes in a Swedish compulsory school as small groups of students discussed and collaboratively solved Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) science test items. The theoretical framework assumes sociocultural perspectives as well as that of Wittgenstein's later works on language. The study involves an analysis of students’ meaning making of specific words that occur in the test and the various language games to which these words contribute. Specifically, we analyzed the students’ use of four different words: reference, constant, pattern, and factor. We found that the students use these words in everyday or mathematical language games; for example, understanding the word “pattern” as a mathematical regularity rather than a result of a scientific experiment. The results were analyzed in relation to the specific illustrations and wording that contextualize the items. We argue that a crucial part of being scientifically literate is privileging science content over other possible disciplines and contexts and ignoring the everyday perspective.
Terrestrial Gravity Fluctuations
Authors: Harms Jan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDifferent forms of fluctuations of the terrestrial gravity field are observed by gravity experiments. For example, atmospheric pressure fluctuations generate a gravity-noise foreground in measurements with super-conducting gravimeters. Gravity changes caused by high-magnitude earthquakes have been detected with the satellite gravity experiment GRACE, and we expect high-frequency terrestrial gravity fluctuations produced by ambient seismic fields to limit the sensitivity of ground-based gravitational-wave (GW) detectors. Accordingly, terrestrial gravity fluctuations are considered noise and signal depending on the experiment. Here, we will focus on ground-based gravimetry. This field is rapidly progressing through the development of GW detectors. The technology is pushed to its current limits in the advanced generation of the LIGO and Virgo detectors, targeting gravity strain sensitivities better than 10−23Hz−1/2above a few tens of a Hz. Alternative designs for GW detectors evolving from traditional gravity gradiometers such as torsion bars, atom interferometers, and superconducting gradiometers are currently being developed to extend the detection band to frequencies below 1 Hz. The goal of this article is to provide the analytical framework to describe terrestrial gravity perturbations in these experiments. Models of terrestrial gravity perturbations related to seismic fields, atmospheric disturbances, and vibrating, rotating or moving objects, are derived and analyzed. The models are then used to evaluate passive and active gravity noise mitigation strategies in GW detectors, or alternatively, to describe their potential use in geophysics. The article reviews the current state of the field, and also presents new analyses especially with respect to the impact of seismic scattering on gravity perturbations, active gravity noise cancellation, and time-domain models of gravity perturbations from atmospheric and seismic point sources. Our understanding of terrestrial gravity fluctuations will have great impact on the future development of GW detectors and high-precision gravimetry in general, and many open questions need to be answered still as emphasized in this article.
The Global Burden of Esophageal Cancer: A Disability‐Adjusted Life‐Year Approach
Authors: Di Pardo Benjamin J. , Bronson Nathan W. , Diggs Brian S. , Thomas Charles R. , Hunter John G. , Dolan James P. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIntroductionEsophageal cancer is the eighth most common cancer worldwide and the sixth leading cause of cancer‐related deaths. As a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, its burden on society has yet to be fully characterized. The aim of this study is to examine its global burden through estimation of the disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to it.MethodsGlobal incidence and mortality estimates for esophageal cancer were obtained from the International Agency for Research on Cancer GLOBOCAN 2008 database. DALYs were calculated, using methodology established by the World Health Organization.ResultsIn 2008, 3,955,919 DALYs were attributed to esophageal cancer, at a global rate of 0.58 DALYs per 1000 people annually. Years of life lost (YLL) accounted for 96.8 % of DALYs, while years lived with disability (YLD) accounted for 3.2 %. 83.8 % of the global DALYs occurred in less‐developed countries, with most accrued in Eastern Asia, comprising 50.9 % of the total. The highest rate of DALY accrual was in Southern Africa, at 1.62 DALYs per 1000 people annually.ConclusionsA substantial number of years of life were lost or affected by esophageal cancer worldwide in 2008, with the burden resting disproportionately on less‐developed countries. Geographically, the greatest burden is in Eastern Asia. The vast majority of DALYs were due to YLL, rather than YLD, indicating the need to focus resources on disease prevention and early detection. Our findings provide an additional basis upon which to formulate global priorities for interventions that affect DALY reduction in esophageal cancer.
Clinicopathologic Differences in Patients with Gallbladder Cancer According to the Presence of Anomalous Biliopancreatic Junction
Authors: Chang Jihoon , Jang Jin‐Young , Kang Mee Joo , Jung Woohyun , Shin Yong Chan , Kim Sun‐Whe 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundAnomalous biliopancreatic junction (ABPJ) is a risk factor for gallbladder cancer (GBC). This study investigated the significance of ABPJ in patients with GBC.MethodsOf the 453 patients with GBC underwent surgery at Seoul National University Hospital between 2000 and 2014, the 401 patients who can be assessed for the presence of ABPJ with radiologic image were analyzed.ResultsThe 401 patients with GBC included 183 (45.6 %) males and 218 (54.4 %) females. ABPJ was identified in 69 (17.2 %) patients, 22 (31.9 %) males and 47 (68.1 %) females. Choledochal cyst (CC) was identified in 18 (4.5 %) patients, all of whom had ABPJ. Curative surgery was accomplished in 68.1 %. A comparison of patients with and without ABPJ showed that mean age (59.9 vs. 65.1 years, p < 0.001) and association with gallbladder stone (8.7 vs. 24.7 %, p = 0.002) were significantly lower in the ABPJ group, while the proportion of female (68.1 vs. 51.5 %, p = 0.012), bile duct resection rate (47.8 vs. 18.4 %, p < 0.001), and curative resection rate (81.1 vs. 65.7 %, p = 0.003) were significantly higher in the ABPJ group. Overall 5‐year survival rates were similar in the ABPJ and non‐ABPJ groups (74.4 vs. 69.0 %, p = 0.533). In patients with ABPJ, the presence of CC did not have a significant effect on survival (p = 0.099).ConclusionsABPJ was found in 17.2 % of patients with GBC. ABPJ is associated with younger age, female gender, absence of gallbladder stones, higher BDR rate, and higher curative resection rate. However, neither ABPJ nor CC was prognostic of survival in curatively treated patients with GBC.
Epidemiological Trends in Search and Rescue Incidents Documented by the Alpine Club of Canada From 1970 to 2005
Authors: Curran-Sills Gwynn M. , Karahalios Amalia 
Published: November 2015

Objective To provide a descriptive review of the epidemiology of search and rescue (SAR) incidents across Canada as documented in the Alpine Club of Canada (ACC) database. Methods A retrospective, cross-sectional review of SAR reports collected by the ACC with incidents dating from January 1, 1970 to June 12, 2005, was analyzed. Results The ACC database contained 1088 incidents with 1377 casualties. Casualties had 944 (68.6%; 95% CI, 64.2 to 73.1) injuries or illness, and 433 (31.4%; 95% CI, 28.6 34.6) fatalities. Males accounted for 76.1% of all casualties and 82.3% of the fatalities when sex was reported. A bimodal distribution of casualties was seen, with the peaks around February and August. Hiking and mountaineering resulted in more than half of all casualties that yielded any type of morbidity, whereas mountaineering and skiing, ski mountaineering, or snowboarding accounted for almost two thirds of all fatalities. Human error and slips and falls were the major contributors to the presumptive cause of incidents. The lower limb was the most common anatomic location of traumatic injury, accounting for 41.6% (95% CI, 37.6 to 45.9) of these injuries. Hypothermia, exhaustion, frostbite, and dehydration represented the majority of all nontraumatic conditions. British Columbia and Alberta accounted for 91.6% (95% CI, 86.0 to 97.5) of the incidents in the database. Conclusions The study serves to illustrate trends in SAR epidemiology that may be encountered by SAR personnel within British Columbia and Alberta. Furthermore, it highlights the need for additional Canadian-based studies to better understand this area of prehospital medical encounters.
Utilization of Health Care Coalitions and Resiliency Forums in the United States and United Kingdom: Different Approaches to Strengthen Emergency Preparedness
Authors: Walsh John , Swan Allan Graeme 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThe process for developing national emergency management strategies for both the United States and the United Kingdom has led to the formulation of differing approaches to meet similar desired outcomes. Historically, the pathways for each are the result of the enactment of legislation in response to a significant event or a series of events. The resulting laws attempt to revise practices and policies leading to more effective and efficient management in preparing, responding, and mitigating all types of natural, manmade, and technological hazards. Following the turn of the 21st century, each country has experienced significant advancements in emergency management including the formation and utilization of 2 distinct models: health care coalitions in the United States and resiliency forums in the United Kingdom. Both models have evolved from circumstances and governance unique to each country. Further in-depth study of both approaches will identify strengths, weaknesses, and existing gaps to meet continued and future challenges of our respective disaster health care systems. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:161–164)
Quaternary Ammonium Disinfectant Issues Encountered in an Environmental Services Department
Authors: Boyce John M. , Sullivan Linda , Booker Arica , Baker James 
Published: December 2015

We identified several factors affecting the use of quaternary ammonium-based (Quat) disinfectant in our facility. Microfiber wipers, cotton towels, and 1 of 2 types of disposable wipes soaked in a Quat disinfectant revealed significant binding of the disinfectant. Concentrations of Quat delivered by automated disinfectant dispensers varied widely.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2016;37(3):340–342
Comparing different methods of human breast milk fortification using measuredv. assumed macronutrient composition to target reference growth: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: McLeod Gemma , Sherriff Jill , Hartmann Peter E. , Nathan Elizabeth , Geddes Donna , Simmer Karen 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe variable content of human breast milk suggests that its routine fortification may result in sub-optimal nutritional intakes and growth. In a pragmatic trial, we randomised infants born below 30 weeks of gestation to either the intervention (Igp) of fortifying milk on measured composition according to birth weight criteria and postmenstrual age (PMA) or our routine practice (RPgp) of fortifying on assumed milk composition to target 3·8–4·4 g protein/kg per d and 545–629 kJ/kg per d. Milk composition was measured using the MIRIS® Human Milk Analyser. Percentage fat mass (%FM) was measured using PEA POD (COSMED). The effects of macronutrient intakes and clinical variables on growth were assessed using mixed model analysis. Mean measured protein content (1·6 g/100 ml) was higher than the assumed value (1·4 g/100 ml), often leading to lower amounts of fortifier added to the milk of intervention infants. At discharge (Igpv.RPgp), total protein (3·2 (sd0·3)v. 3·4 (sd0·4) g;P=0·067) and energy (456 (sd39)v.481 (sd48) kJ;P=0·079) intakes from all nutrition sources, weight gain velocity (11·4 (sd1·4)v.12·1 (sd1·6) g/kg per d;P=0·135) and %FM (13·7 (sd3·6)v.13·6 (sd3·5) %;P=0·984) did not significantly differ between groups. A protein intake >3·4 g/kg per d reduced %FM by 2 %. Nutrition and growth was not improved by targeting milk fortification according to birth weight criteria and PMA using measured milk composition, compared with routine practice. Targeting fortification on measured composition is labour intensive, requiring frequent milk sampling and precision measuring equipment, perhaps reasons for its limited practice. Guidance around safe upper levels of milk fortification is needed.
Approaches for the vaccination and treatment ofNeospora caninuminfections in mice and ruminant models
Authors: HEMPHILL ANDREW , AGUADO-MARTÍNEZ ADRIANA , MÜLLER JOACHIM 
Published: December 2015

SUMMARYNeospora caninumis a leading cause of abortion in cattle, and is thus an important veterinary health problem of high economic significance. Vaccination has been considered a viable strategy to prevent bovine neosporosis. Different approaches have been investigated, and to date the most promising results have been achieved with live-attenuated vaccines. Subunit vaccines have also been studied, and most of them represented components that are functionally involved in (i) the physical interaction between the parasite and its host cell during invasion or (ii) tachyzoite-to-bradyzoite stage conversion. Drugs have been considered as an option to limit the effects of vertical transmission ofN. caninum.Promising results with a small panel of compounds in small laboratory animal models indicate the potential value of a chemotherapeutical approach for the prevention of neosporosis in ruminants. For both, vaccines and drugs, the key for success in preventing vertical transmission lies in the application of bioactive compounds that limit parasite proliferation and dissemination, without endangering the developing fetus not only during an exogenous acute infection but also during recrudescence of a chronic infection. In this review, the current status of vaccine and drug development is presented and novel strategies against neosporosis are discussed.
Homology stability for symmetric diffeomorphism and mapping class groups
Authors: TILLMANN ULRIKE 
Published: December 2015

AbstractFor any smooth compact manifoldWwith boundary of dimension of at least two we prove that the classifying spaces of its group of diffeomorphisms which fix a set ofkpoints orkembedded disks (up to permutation) satisfy homology stability. The same is true for so-called symmetric diffeomorphisms ofWconnected sum withkcopies of an arbitrary compact smooth manifoldQof the same dimension. The analogues for mapping class groups as well as other generalisations will also be proved.