bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of Dissolvable Milk Containers for Convenient Handling
Authors: Wellner Martha , Ulrich Joachim 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA dissolvable capsule containing liquid milk is developed as an innovative and unique alternative to avoid plastic jars and therewith an unclean handling. This kind of sustainable product would contribute to waste reduction. As a first step, the properties of the final product are defined and set as basic claims. The second step includes the design of a process based on crystallization to form a crystalline layer encasing a certain amount of milk. Case studies of two substances are introduced. Both sucrose and erythritol were confirmed as examples for suitable substances for the encapsulation of milk: on the one hand sucrose to create products with a high level of sweetness, on the other hand erythritol to create medium sweet milk capsules. The choice of both coating substances and filling materials requires different techniques of production and, therefore, an adapted optimization process.
Chemometrics approach for optimization of simultaneous adsorption of Alizarin red S and Congo red by cobalt hydroxide nanoparticles
Authors: Zolgharnein Javad , Bagtash Maryam , Asanjarani Neda 
Published: April 2017

The present study deals with the simultaneous adsorption of Alizarin Red (AR) and Congo red (CR) by cobalt hydroxide nanoparticles in a batch system. Cobalt hydroxide nanoparticles as novel and efficient adsorbent are successfully used to remove two anionic dyes from aqueous solutions simultaneously. Partial least square regression as a multivariate calibration method is developed for the simultaneous determination of AR and CR in binary solutions, to overcome the severe spectral overlap. The influence of various parameters was investigated on dye adsorption such as pH, initial concentration of dyes, and sorbent mass. A response surface methodology was achieved through performing the central composite design approach to optimize the removal percent of dyes by cobalt hydroxide nanoparticles. The proposed quadratic model resulting from the central composite design approach fitted very well with the experimental data. The optimal conditions for dye removal were pH = 5.5, sorbent dose = 43 mg, CAR (initial AR concentration) = 351 mg/L, and CCR (initial CR concentration) = 616 mg/L. Isotherm modeling and thermodynamic studies were also conducted. Furthermore, the sorbent was characterized by the Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction analysis.
Tiefkalte Helium‐Moleküle
Authors: Zeller Stefan , Kunitski Maksim , Voigtsberger Jörg , Jahnke Till , Dörner Reinhard 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWie alle Edelgase hat Helium eine vollständig gefüllte Valenzelektronenschale und kann entsprechend keine kovalente Bindung eingehen. Unter extrem kalten Bedingungen genügt jedoch die äußerst schwache Van‐der‐Waals‐Wechselwirkung, um mehrere Heliumatome aneinander zu binden. Einer Gruppe von Atomphysikern der Goethe‐Universität Frankfurt ist es gelungen, diese Verbindungen herzustellen und zu vermessen [1].
Niedermolekulare Glukoside als aktivierbare Aromastoffe
Authors: Fischer Thilo , Adamski Heimo , Schwab Wilfried 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAromen sind schnell verflogen, obwohl wir sie uns für viele Anwendungen jederzeit verfügbar wünschen. Das Aroma bezeichnet den spezifischen Geruch, der durch einzelne chemische Verbindungen oder Stoffgemische in Erzeugnissen wie Lebensmitteln verursacht wird. Aroma‐ und Duftstoffe beeinflussen entscheidend unsere Wahrnehmung der Umgebung, sowohl bei natürlichen Vorkommen wie in Früchten als auch in Produkten des Alltages. Gemeinsame Eigenschaften sind dabei ihre Flüchtigkeit und der oft positive Sinneseindruck. Duftstoffe, die unter anderem in Parfüms Verwendung finden, werden genutzt, um eine Vielzahl von Produkten attraktiver zu machen.
Synthesis of 9,9′‐Spirobifluorenes and 4,5‐Diaza‐9,9′‐spirobifluorenes and Their Application as Affinity Materials for Quartz Crystal Microbalances
Authors: Stobe Caroline , Pyka Isabella , Linke Alexander , Müller Sarah , Schnakenburg Gregor , Waldvogel Siegfried R. , Lützen Arne 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTwo different classes of aza analogues of 9,9′‐spirobifluorenes have been synthesized. These were obtained by either furnishing the spirobifluorene with additional pyridyl moieties or by installing the aza function directly into the spirobifluorene core. These structurally rigid compounds were then evaluated as affinity materials for quartz crystal microbalances and proved to be highly potent for the detection of volatile organic compounds.
Vectorization and Intracellular Distribution of a Two‐Photon‐Absorbing, Near‐Infrared‐Emitting π‐Extended Boranil Dye
Authors: Frath Denis , Didier Pascal , Mély Yves , Massue Julien , Ulrich Gilles 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES) at the University of Strasbourg, France. The image shows a 3D representation of a π‐extended Boranil dye and its metaphoric vectorization in water which enables the monitoring of cellular distribution using fluorescence microscopy. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cptc.201700012.
Age and years to death disparately influence reproductive allocation in a short‐lived bird
Authors: Tarwater Corey E. , Arcese Peter 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTheory predicts that reproduction will change as individuals near the end of their lives by either increasing reproductive allocation (terminal allocation hypothesis) or decreasing allocation (senescence hypothesis) toward the end of life. Although senescence has received more support, few studies examine how both age and years to death influence late‐life reproduction. We used a 37‐yr study of Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia) to ask how age and years to death influenced reproductive allocation late in life. We observed both senescence and terminal allocation, and that age and years to death interacted to influence individual variation in allocation tactics. In particular, we observed a decline in allocation in older individuals (senescence), but only when comparing individuals with the same number of years to death. Likewise, we observed terminal allocation, but only in young females. Reproductive tactics were most variable in young females, with many exerting high effort but living 1–2 yr, and others exerting low effort annually and living longer. Our results suggest that late‐life reproductive tactics are influenced by both chronological age and years to death, and that short‐ and long‐lived females with differing reproductive tactics exist within this population of Song Sparrows.
Iron deficiency and red cell indices in patients with heart failure
Authors: Tkaczyszyn Michał , Comín‐Colet Josep , Voors Adriaan A. , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Enjuanes Cristina , Moliner‐Borja Pedro , Rozentryt Piotr , Poloński Lech , Banasiak Waldemar , Ponikowski Piotr , van der Meer Peter , Jankowska Ewa A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimsTo investigate the prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) in heart failure (HF) patients with normal vs. abnormal red cell indices (RCI), the associations between iron parameters and RCI, and prognostic consequences of ID independently of RCI.Methods and resultsWe analysed clinical data of 1821 patients with HF [mean age 66 ± 13 years; 71% men; New York Heart Association class I/II/III/IV (11%/39%/44%/6%); left ventricular ejection fraction >45%: 19%]. Iron deficiency (ferritin <100 µg/L or ferritin 100–299 µg/L with transferrin saturation <20%) was common irrespective of the presence of anaemia (haemoglobin <12 g/dL in women and <13 g/dL in men) or low RCI, from 75% in anaemic subjects with low mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), and MCH concentration (MCHC), to 36% in non‐anaemic subjects with MCV, MCH, and MCHC above the lower limit of normal. After adjustment for clinical variables, iron parameters remained independently associated with haemoglobin, MCV, MCH, MCHC, mean reticulocyte haemoglobin content (CHR), and red cell distribution width (RDW). In multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models there was a trend towards higher mortality in patients with vs. without ID when adjusted for relevant HF prognosticators and MCH or MCHC (but not haemoglobin, CHR or RDW).ConclusionsPatients with HF should be routinely screened for ID irrespective of the presence of anaemia or abnormal RCI. The detrimental impact of ID on long‐term survival in HF is partially independent of RCI.
Non‐invasive measurement of right atrial pressure by near‐infrared spectroscopy: preliminary experience. A report from the SICA‐HF study
Authors: Pellicori Pierpaolo , Clark Andrew L. , Kallvikbacka‐Bennett Anna , Zhang Jufen , Urbinati Alessia , Monzo Luca , Dierckx Riet , Anker Stefan D. , Cleland John G.F. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimsTo assess the clinical value of measuring right atrial pressure (RAP) using near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).Methods and resultsRAP was measured non‐invasively using NIRS over the external jugular vein (Venus 1000, Mespere LifeSciences, Canada) in ambulatory patients with CHF enrolled in the Studies Investigating Co‐morbidities Aggravating Heart Failure (SICA‐HF) programme. Comparing 243 patients with CHF (mean age 71 years; mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 45%, median NT‐proBNP 788 ng/L) to 49 controls (NT‐proBNP ≤125 ng/L), RAP was 7 [interquartile range (IQR) 4–11] mmHg vs. 4 (IQR 3–8) mmHg (P < 0.001). Those with RAP ≥10 mmHg (n = 75) were older, had more severe clinical congestion and renal dysfunction, higher plasma NT‐proBNP, larger left atrial volume, higher systolic pulmonary pressure and were more often in atrial fibrillation but their LVEF was similar to patients with lower RAP. During a median follow‐up of 595 (IQR: 492–714) days, 49 patients (20%) died or were hospitalized for worsening CHF. Compared with patients with RAP ≤5 mmHg, those with RAP ≥10 mmHg had a greater risk of an event (hazard ratio 2.38, 95% confidence interval 1.19–4.75, P = 0.014). RAP measured by NIRS predicted outcome, competing with NT‐proBNP in multivariable models.ConclusionsMeasuring RAP using NIRS identifies ambulatory patients with CHF who have more severe congestion and a worse outcome. The device might be a useful objective method of monitoring RAP, especially for those inexperienced in eliciting physical signs or when measurement of natriuretic peptides is not immediately available.
Th17 and Treg lymphocytes as cellular biomarkers of disease activity in Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
Authors: Cosmi Lorenzo 
Published: April 2017

Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) (formerly known as Wegener's granulomatosis) is a vasculitis of unknown etiology affecting predominantly small‐ to medium‐sized vessels, usually involving the upper and lower respiratory tract and kidneys. Anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies are probably the initial cause of the inflammatory process that leads to the typical necrotizing lesions. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Szczeklik et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2017. 47: 724–733] report some interesting findings on the possible involvement of T‐cell subsets in the pathogenesis of the disease. This prospective study, performed on a large cohort of patients, identifies Th17 lymphocytes as the possible pathogenic subset of GPA, and Treg cells as the possible suppressors of the inflammatory process. These two subsets in peripheral blood could be used as cellular biomarkers of disease activity, and this would result particularly useful in the follow‐up of patients once the immunosuppressive treatment has been initiated.
The relationship between d‐beta‐hydroxybutyrate blood concentrations and seizure control in children treated with the ketogenic diet for medically intractable epilepsy
Authors: Buchhalter Jeffrey R. , D'Alfonso Sabrina , Connolly Mary , Fung Ernest , Michoulas Aspasia , Sinasac David , Singer Rachel , Smith Jacklyn , Singh Narender , Rho Jong M. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryObjectiveThe ketogenic diet (KD) is a proven treatment for drug‐resistant (DR) seizures in children and adolescents. However, the relationship between seizure control and the most commonly measured metabolite of the diet, the ketone body d‐beta‐hydroxybutyrate (D‐BHB), is controversial. This study was performed to clarify the relationship because specific ketone bodies may be useful as biomarkers of diet efficacy.MethodsFamilies of children with DR seizures were approached for participation in this open‐label, prospective study when they were referred for the KD at two western Canadian children's hospitals. Inclusion criteria included documentation of DR seizures without exclusion based on age, sex, seizure, or syndrome type. Patients were excluded if they were referred for treatment of a metabolic disorder independent of seizures. Seizures were quantified via parental report and standardized as seizure frequency per 28 days. Epilepsy syndromes were identified on the basis of the medical record. Blood D‐BHB was determined by tandem mass spectrometry.ResultsA total of 23 patients were recruited from both sites. Data from five individuals were excluded because these seizures occurred in clusters, leaving 18 patients for the primary analysis. In the latter group, a clear positive correlation was present between measures of seizure frequency and D‐BHB concentrations. However, this failed to reach statistical significance, likely because of the relatively small numbers.SignificanceA trend clearly exists between seizure frequency and D‐BHB levels, so we should not be dissuaded by the lack of statistical significance because it possibly results from methodological techniques, especially sample size. These results call for a larger prospective study in which seizure frequency is assessed at the point of care in a standardized fashion so as to determine whether D‐BHB can be used as a reliable biomarker of KD efficacy.
Im Kampf gegen Landminen
Authors: Baer Christoph , Rolfes Ilona , Musch Thomas , Sachs Jürgen 
Published: April 2017

AbstractJahrzehntelang tobte der Guerillakrieg in Kolumbien — Tausende Sprengfallen sind sein todbringendes Überbleibsel. In einer deutsch‐kolumbianischen Kooperation wird nach neuen Möglichkeiten gesucht, die häufig improvisierten Minen aufzuspüren. Innovative Technologien können so helfen, den angelaufenen Friedensprozess voranzubringen.
Schlecht verdrahtet
Authors: Sommer Martin , Primaßin Annika 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWas passiert im Kopf, wenn die Wörter stecken bleiben? Stottern kann mit hohem Leidensdruck verbunden sein. Neue Studien, gestützt auf moderne neurophysiologische und MRT‐Untersuchungen, tragen dazu bei, die Ursachen im Gehirn grundlegend zu verstehen, den Verlauf der Störung exakter vorherzusagen und die Stottertherapie zu verbessern.
Einfach gemacht!
Authors: Nassehi Armin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractXenophob, elitenkritisch, antiwissenschaftlich: Die Programme des politischen Populismus kommen Zivilisationsbrüchen gleich — das Immunsystem von Demokratie und Gesellschaft ist existenziell herausgefordert / Von rhetorischen Figuren und Logiken populistischer Bewegungen
Love Conquers all but Nicotine: Spousal Peer Effects on the Decision to Quit Smoking
Authors: Palali Ali , Van ours Jan C. 
Published: April 2017

SUMMARYIf two partners smoke, their quit behavior may be related through correlation in unobserved individual characteristics and through common shocks. However, there may also be a causal effect whereby the quit behavior of one partner is affected by the quit decision of the other partner. If so, there is a spousal peer effect on the decision to quit smoking. We use data containing retrospective information of Dutch partnered individuals about their age of onset of smoking and their age of quitting smoking. We estimate mixed proportional hazard models of starting rates and quit rates of smoking in which we allow unobserved heterogeneity to be correlated across partners. Using a timing of events approach, we determine whether the quitting‐to‐smoke decision of one partner has a causal effect on the quitting‐to‐smoke decision of the other partner. We find no evidence of substantial spousal peer effects in the decision to quit smoking. Apparently, love conquers all but nicotine addiction. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An analytical method for solving exact solutions of the convective heat transfer in fully developed laminar flow through a circular tube
Authors: Belhocine Ali , Wan Omar Wan Zaidi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis paper proposes an exact solution to the classical Graetz problem in terms of an infinite series represented by a nonlinear partial differential equation considering two space variables, two boundary conditions, and one initial condition. The mathematical derivation utilized the separation of variables method where several stages were completed to reach the solution to the Graetz problem.
Retrospective study of the influence of HPV persistence on outcomes among women with high‐risk HPV infections and negative cytology
Authors: Bogani Giorgio , Taverna Francesca , Lombardo Claudia , Borghi Chiara , Martinelli Fabio , Signorelli Mauro , Leone Roberti Maggiore Umberto , Chiappa Valentina , Scaffa Cono , Ditto Antonino , Lorusso Domenica , Raspagliesi Francesco 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the outcomes of women diagnosed with high‐risk HPV without cytology evidence of cervical dysplasia.MethodsThe present retrospective observational study enrolled consecutive women aged at least 18 years diagnosed with high‐risk HPV types with negative cytology results at the National Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy, between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2015. The development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) was assessed.ResultsThere were 212 patients with high‐risk HPV infections with negative cytology included in the analysis. After a mean ± SD follow‐up period of 48 ± 33 months, 65 (30.7%) and 26 (12.3%) patients had developed cytologic or histologic cervical dysplasia (low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion [LSIL]/CIN1+) and high‐grade cervical dysplasia (CIN2+), respectively. No patients had invasive cancer. No correlations were observed between type‐specific HPV infections and LSIL/CIN1+ and CIN2+. HPV persistence correlated with both LSIL/CIN1+ (P<0.001) and CIN2+ (P<0.001) in univariate analyses; a 6‐month increase in HPV persistence was associated with increased risk of developing LSIL/CIN1+ (P=0.010) and CIN2+ (P=0.012) in multivariate analyses.ConclusionsRegardless of cytology findings, patients diagnosed with high‐risk HPV types should receive strict colposcopy follow‐up, particularly with persistent HPV infections. Further prospective studies are needed to defined optimal surveillance strategies for these patients.
Correlations between intimate partner violence and spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, and neonatal death in rural Malawi
Authors: Rao Nisha , Norris Turner Abigail , Harrington Bryna , Nampandeni Patrick , Banda Venson , Norris Alison 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize associations between intimate partner violence (IPV) and adverse delivery outcomes among married Malawian women.MethodsIn the present secondary analysis of an ongoing project investigating sexual and reproductive health decision making in rural, Lilongwe District, Malawi, married women who had experienced at least one pregnancy were interviewed between July 15, 2014, and February 25, 2015. Associations between physical IPV experienced with participants’ current partners and history of adverse delivery outcomes (spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, and neonatal deaths) were examined using log‐binomial regression.ResultsThe analyses included 792 women. The 166 (21.0%) participants who reported having experienced physical IPV with their current partner were significantly more likely to have a history of adverse delivery outcomes in the unadjusted (prevalence ratio 1.23; 95% confidence interval 1.08–1.41) and adjusted (adjusted prevalence ration 1.19; 95% CI 1.01–1.40) analyses.ConclusionPhysical IPV was reported by a large proportion of participants in the present study and was significantly associated with adverse delivery outcomes. Public health interventions providing physical IPV screening and referral to support services could help improve maternal and child health in Malawi.
Metabolic engineering of an E. coli ndh knockout strain for PHB production from mixed glucose–xylose feedstock
Authors: Huo Guangxin , Zhu Yuhong , Liu Qiaojie , Tao Ran , Diao Na , Wang Zhiwen , Chen Tao 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDPoly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), which is completely biodegradable, is considered a potential candidate to replace a number of petroleum‐derived polymers due to similar mechanical properties. In a previous study, inactivation of ndh gene in E. coli, which encodes the NDH‐II dehydrogenase, resulted in significantly increased PHB production from either glucose or xylose as substrate.RESULTSIn this study, the xylose isomerase (EC:5.3.1.5), xylulokinase (EC:2.7.1.17) and the arabinose/xylose transport protein from Bacillus subtilis 168 (encoded by xylA, xylB and araE, respectively) were co‐expressed in the ndh knockout strain, E. coli LJ03(pBHR68), which harbors the PHB biosynthesis genes from Ralstonia eutropha. The resulting strain E. coli LJ03(pBHR68+pM‐ABE) was able to simultaneously utilize glucose and xylose to accumulate PHB. In flask cultivation, 3.67 g L−1 PHB was produced from a glucose–xylose mixture (10 g L−1 glucose and 5 g L−1 xylose), which was 2.09‐fold higher than the production of the control strain E. coli JM109(pBHR68+pM‐ABE). Ultimately, PHB production in fed‐batch fermentation reached a maximum titer of 21.0 g L−1, representing a 1.93‐fold increase relative to the control strain.CONCLUSIONResults indicated that the engineered E. coli LJ03 strain is significantly more efficient than the parent strain E. coli JM109 in producing PHB from mixed glucose–xylose feedstock. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study describing the implementation of an exogenous xylose utilization pathway in E. coli for the production of PHB from mixed glucose–xylose feedstock – a model of lignocellulosic hydrolysate. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Neutral‐grounded structure for delta‐connected windings and method thereof
Authors: Chen Tsai‐Hsiang , Chen Tai‐Jou , Liao Rih‐Neng 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe use of conventional grounding methods in the delta‐connected windings can lead to differences of the 3 phase‐to‐ground voltages, resulting in a number of problems. For example, when a coil of a contactor in a motor control circuit is connected to the improper phase lines of the delta‐connected windings, the coil might be broken due to effects of grounded points in the conventional grounding methods. Hence, a specific grounding method, the neutral‐grounded structure, was provided for delta‐connected secondary windings in which a grounding winding is disposed in at least 1 of the phase windings. The first end of the grounding winding is connected to a grounded point, which functions as a neutral point. The second end of the grounding winding is connected to a tap of 1 of the other 2‐phase windings. The voltage‐phase displacement between the grounding winding and the corresponding‐phase winding is 180°. According to the above‐mentioned neutral‐grounded structure, all the 3 phase‐to‐ground voltages are uniform as long as the system remains in balance. This paper presents steady‐state models and simulation results by MATLAB/Simulink to verify a neutral‐grounded structure for delta‐connected secondary windings and method thereof.