bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) worldwide: Current epidemiological insights and recent developments
Authors: Frazier Rosita , Ghoshal Uday C. , Remes‐Troche Jose , Robin Dover , Shun Emoto , Aravind Thavamani 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundCyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS), a disorder of gut–brain interaction, presents with recurrent episodes of severe nausea and vomiting. It is often associated with missed or delayed diagnoses and substantial healthcare utilization. Despite historical recognition dating back to the 19th century, epidemiological insights remain limited, with research predominantly originating from specific regions, such as the US. CVS prevalence and incidence rates vary widely and are hindered by inconsistent methodologies and disease recognition.PurposeThis review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of CVS prevalence and incidence rates. It reviews the currently available data and identifies gaps in knowledge. Understanding the global epidemiology of CVS, increasing awareness of the disease, and fostering global collaboration are crucial. Other pertinent issues include disparities in outcomes, particularly among African Americans and Hispanics in the United States, underscoring the need to understand the social determinants of health that drive disease outcomes. This understanding can inform targeted interventions to address these barriers and achieve equitable healthcare both in the United States and globally.
The psychosocial background of dental care avoidance: A qualitative study
Authors: Lukács Márton , Fábián Balázs , Bugán Antal , Varga István 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionDental care avoidance affects individuals' oral health status. There is limited literature examining the context of dental avoidance behavior.AimThe aim of the study is to examine attitudes toward dental care services among adults.MethodsOverall, 16 patients participated in semi‐structured interviews. The interviews were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Through independent reviews of the themes that comprise the patients' experience, a consensus was established among the researchers.ResultsTen major themes were identified that encapsulate patients' attitudes toward dental care attendance: Effect of environment and equipment, Fear and anesthesia, Procrastination, Dissatisfaction with the dental care system, Expectations of dentists, Quality of dental care, Edentulousness and social status, Financial involvement, Aesthetics, and Dentists' behavior. Compliance with oral health maintenance can be enhanced by specific training for professionals and dentistry students and by fine tuning the dental care system.ConclusionsThis is the first comprehensive study in Hungary investigating attitudes among dentist patients toward dental care. The results suggest that there are many factors that may affect dental care attendance. Thus, these findings make a potentially fundamental contribution to the improvement of dental care and support practitioners in enriching their understanding of dental avoidance behavior.
Effects of D3K2 With Periodontal Therapy in Diabetes Mellitus and Stage I‐II Periodontitis Patients
Authors: Aydogan Tolga , Karsiyaka Hendek Meltem , Unsal Berrin , Çifci Aydın , Varol Hakan , Kisa Uçler , Olgun Ebru 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe aim of this study is to look into the clinical and biochemical outcomes of D3K2 supplementation in addition to nonsurgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) for patients suffering from diabetes mellitus (DM) and periodontitis.MethodsThirty‐eight participants with DM and periodontitis were randomized into two different groups. The test group provided NSPT with D3K2 whereas the control group received NSPT with placebo. Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded and serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were sampled at baseline and at the third and the sixth months after treatment. Glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), 25(OH)D3, parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) values were determined in blood samples. GCF and serum interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐10 levels were analyzed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsAll clinical periodontal parameters were importantly decreased at the third and sixth months after treatment compared to baseline in both groups. At the sixth month, 25(OH)D3 levels in the test group were observed to be statistically significantly higher than in the control group (p = 0.02). Serum IL‐1β showed a statistically significant decrease at the sixth month compared to baseline and the third month in control group.ConclusionAccording to this study, there is limited additional benefit of D3K2 given with NSPT in individuals with DM and periodontitis.
Trust in context: The impact of regulation on blockchain and DeFi
Authors: Bodo Balazs , de Filippi Primavera 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTrust is a key resource in financial transactions. Traditional financial institutions, and novel blockchain‐based decentralized financial (DeFi) services rely on fundamentally different sources of trust and confidence. The former relies on heavy regulation, trusted intermediaries, clear rules (and restrictions) on market competition, and long‐standing informal expectations on what banks and other financial intermediaries are supposed to do or not to do. The latter rely on blockchain technology to provide confidence in the outcome of rules encoded in protocols and smart contracts. Their main promise is to create confidence in the way the blockchain architecture enforces rules, rather than to trust banks, regulators, and markets. In this article, we compare the trust architectures surrounding these two financial systems. We provide a deeper analysis of how proposed regulation in the blockchain space affects the code‐ and confidence‐based architectures which so far have underwrote DeFi. We argue that despite the solid safeguards and guarantees which code can offer, the confidence in DeFi is still very much dependent on more traditional trust‐enhancing mechanisms, such as code governance, and antifraud regulation to address some of the issues which currently plague this domain, and which have no immediate, purely software‐based solutions. What is more, given the risks of bugs or scams in the DeFi space, regulation and trusted intermediaries may need to play a more active role, in order for DeFi to gain the trust of the next generation of users.
Increased antibiotic resistance in preterm neonates under early antibiotic use
Authors: Ojeda Amanda , Akinsuyi Oluwamayowa , McKinley Kelley Lobean , Xhumari Jessica , Triplett Eric W. , Neu Josef , Roesch Luiz F. W. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

The standard use of antibiotics in newborns to empirically treat early-onset sepsis can adversely affect the neonatal gut microbiome, with potential long-term health impacts. Research into the escalating issue of antimicrobial resistance in preterm infants and antibiotic practices in neonatal intensive care units is limited. A deeper understanding of the effects of early antibiotic intervention on antibiotic resistance in preterm infants is crucial. This retrospective study employed metagenomic sequencing to evaluate antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the meconium and subsequent stool samples of preterm infants enrolled in the Routine Early Antibiotic Use in Symptomatic Preterm Neonates study. Microbial metagenomics was conducted using a subset of fecal samples from 30 preterm infants for taxonomic profiling and ARG identification. All preterm infants exhibited ARGs, with 175 unique ARGs identified, predominantly associated with beta-lactam, tetracycline, and aminoglycoside resistance. Notably, 23% of ARGs was found in preterm infants without direct or intrapartum antibiotic exposure. Post-natal antibiotic exposure increases beta-lactam/tetracycline resistance while altering mechanisms that aid bacteria in withstanding antibiotic pressure. Microbial profiling revealed 774 bacterial species, with antibiotic-naive infants showing higher alpha diversity (
P
= 0.005) in their microbiota and resistome compared with treated infants, suggesting a more complex ecosystem. High ARG prevalence in preterm infants was observed irrespective of direct antibiotic exposure and intensifies with age. Prolonged membrane ruptures and maternal antibiotic use during gestation and delivery are linked to alterations in the preterm infant resistome and microbiome, which are pivotal in shaping the ARG profiles in the neonatal gut.

This study is registered with
ClinicalTrials.gov
as

NCT02784821

.

IMPORTANCE
A high burden of antibiotic resistance in preterm infants poses significant challenges to neonatal health. The presence of antibiotic resistance genes, along with alterations in signaling, energy production, and metabolic mechanisms, complicates treatment strategies for preterm infants, heightening the risk of ineffective therapy and exacerbating outcomes for these vulnerable neonates. Despite not receiving direct antibiotic treatment, preterm infants exhibit a concerning prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This underscores the complex interplay of broader influences, including maternal antibiotic exposure during and beyond pregnancy and gestational complications like prolonged membrane ruptures. Urgent action, including cautious antibiotic practices and enhanced antenatal care, is imperative to protect neonatal health and counter the escalating threat of antimicrobial resistance in this vulnerable population.
A study of the fine-structure constant dependence of radiative capture in Halo-EFT
Authors: Meißner Ulf-G. , Metsch Bernard Ch. , Meyer Helen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe study the fine structure constant dependence of the rates of some selected radiative capture reactions within the framework of so-called Halo Effective Field Theory in order to assess the adequacy of some assumptions made on the Coulomb penetrability. We find that this dependence deviates from that implied by a parameterization of the cross sections of this effect via a simple penetration factor. Some features of this fine-structure dependence are discussed, in particular its potential impact on the abundances of the light elements in primordial nucleosynthesis.
Variation in Whole‐Body Regeneration Between Botrylloides Morphs and Species
Authors: Temiz Berivan , Wilson Megan J. 
Published: October 2024

Marine invertebrates exhibit an impressive regenerative capacity. Among these lineages, colonial ascidians possess the unique ability of whole‐body regeneration (WBR), in which a new adult (zooid) body is restored. Botrylloides species exemplify this regenerative capacity by regenerating new adults solely from vascular tissue within approximately 2 weeks after the complete loss of adults from the colony. Although WBR has been reported in some species of the Botrylloides genus, such as Botrylloides diegensis, Botrylloides violaceus, and Botrylloides anceps, this study provides the first insights into the WBR of Botrylloides jacksonianum.In this study, we examined and compared the WBR processes of B. jacksonianum, B. affinis anceps (hereafter referred to as B. anceps here), and B. diegensis. B. anceps displayed twin‐body regeneration, whereas B. jacksonianum and B. diegensis regenerated only one zooid each. Histological examination confirmed the presence of multiple vesicles formed from hemoblast aggregates during WBR, a phenomenon observed in other Botrylloides spp. The investigated species exhibited strong similarities in their WBR, with some variations in the overall process, indicating the presence of similar mechanisms underlying WBR. Understanding the intricacies of tunicate WBR contributes to our knowledge of regenerative biology and may offer valuable insights for regenerative medicine research in vertebrates.
Characterization of the Breast Cancer Liver Metastasis Microenvironment via Machine Learning Analysis of the Primary Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Goodin Dylan A. , Chau Eric , Zheng Junjun , O’Connell Cailin , Tiwari Anjana , Xu Yitian , Niravath Polly , Chen Shu-Hsia , Godin Biana , Frieboes Hermann B. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Breast cancer liver metastases (BCLM) are hypovascular lesions that resist intravenously administered therapies and have grim prognosis. Immunotherapeutic strategies targeting BCLM critically depend on the tumor microenvironment (TME), including tumor-associated macrophages. However, a priori characterization of the BCLM TME to optimize therapy is challenging because BCLM tissue is rarely collected. In contrast to primary breast tumors for which tissue is usually obtained and histologic analysis performed, biopsies or resections of BCLM are generally discouraged due to potential complications. This study tested the novel hypothesis that BCLM TME characteristics could be inferred from the primary tumor tissue. Matched primary and metastatic human breast cancer samples were analyzed by imaging mass cytometry, identifying 20 shared marker clusters denoting macrophages (CD68, CD163, and CD206), monocytes (CD14), immune response (CD56, CD4, and CD8a), programmed cell death protein 1, PD-L1, tumor tissue (Ki-67 and phosphorylated ERK), cell adhesion (E-cadherin), hypoxia (hypoxia-inducible factor-1α), vascularity (CD31), and extracellular matrix (alpha smooth muscle actin, collagen, and matrix metalloproteinase 9). A machine learning workflow was implemented and trained on primary tumor clusters to classify each metastatic cluster density as being either above or below median values. The proposed approach achieved robust classification of BCLM marker data from matched primary tumor samples (AUROC ≥ 0.75, 95% confidence interval ≥ 0.7, on the validation subsets). Top clusters for prediction included CD68+, E-cad+, CD8a+PD1+, CD206+, and CD163+MMP9+. We conclude that the proposed workflow using primary breast tumor marker data offers the potential to predict BCLM TME characteristics, with the longer term goal to inform personalized immunotherapeutic strategies targeting BCLM.

Significance:
BCLM tissue characterization to optimize immunotherapy is difficult because biopsies or resections are rarely performed. This study shows that a machine learning approach offers the potential to infer BCLM characteristics from the primary tumor tissue.
Digital cognitive behavioral therapy vs education for pain in adults with sickle cell disease
Authors: Jonassaint Charles R. , Lalama Christina M. , Carroll C. Patrick , Badawy Sherif M. , Hamm Megan E. , Stinson Jennifer N. , Lalloo Chitra , Saraf Santosh L. , Gordeuk Victor R. , Cronin Robert M. , Shah Nirmish , Lanzkron Sophie M. , Liles Darla , O’Brien Julia A. , Trimnell Cassandra , Bailey Lakiea , Lawrence Raymona H. , Saint Jean Leshana , DeBaun Michael , De Castro Laura M. , Palermo Tonya M. , Abebe Kaleab Z. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Despite the burden of chronic pain in sickle cell disease (SCD), nonpharmacological approaches remain limited. This multisite, randomized trial compared digital cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with a digital pain/SCD education program (“Education”) for managing pain and related symptoms. Participants were recruited virtually from seven SCD centers and community organizations in the United States. Adults (aged ≥18 years) with SCD-related chronic pain and/or daily opioid use were assigned to receive either CBT or Education for 12 weeks. Both groups used an app with interactive chatbot lessons and received personalized health coach support. The primary outcome was the change in pain interference at six months, with secondary outcomes including pain intensity, depression, anxiety, quality of life, and self-efficacy. Of 453 screened participants, 359 (79%) were randomized to CBT (n = 181) or Education (n = 178); 92% were Black African American, and 66.3% were female. At six months, 250 participants (70%) completed follow-up assessments, with 16 (4%) withdrawals. Engagement with the chatbot varied, with 76% connecting and 48% completing at least one lesson, but 80% of participants completed at least one health coach session. Both groups showed significant within-group improvements in pain interference (CBT: −2.13; Education: −2.66), but no significant difference was observed between them (mean difference, 0.54; P = .57). There were no between-group differences in pain intensity, depression, anxiety, or quality of life. High engagement with health coaching and variable engagement with digital components may explain the similar outcomes between interventions in this diverse, hard-to-reach population.
Adeno-associated virus–based gene therapy for hemophilia A and B: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Deshpande Saarang R. , Joseph Keerthy , Tong Jiayi , Chen Yong , Pishko Allyson , Cuker Adam 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV)–based gene therapy is an emerging treatment for hemophilia A (HA) and hemophilia B (HB). In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched for studies of adult males with severe or moderately severe HA or HB who received AAV-based gene therapy. Annualized bleeding rate (ABR), annualized infusion rate (AIR), total factor use, factor levels, and adverse events (AEs) were extracted. Eight HA trials representing 7 gene therapies and 211 patients and 12 HB trials representing 9 gene therapies and 184 patients were included. For HA, gene therapy resulted in an annualized decrease of 7.58 bleeding events (95% confidence interval [CI], −11.50 to −3.67) and 117.2 factor infusions (95% CI, −151.86 to −82.53) compared with before gene therapy. Factor VIII level at 12 months ranged from 10.4 to 70.31 IU/mL by 1-stage assay. HB gene therapies were associated with an annualized decrease of 5.64 bleeding events (95% CI, −8.61 to −2.68) and 58.92 factor infusions (95% CI, −68.19 to −49.65). Mean factor IX level at 12 months was 28.72 IU/mL (95% CI, 18.78-38.66). Factor expression was more durable for HB than HA; factor IX levels remained at 95.7% of their peak whereas factor VIII levels fell to 55.8% of their peak at 24 months. The pooled percentage of patients experiencing a serious AE was 19% (10%-31%) and 21% (10%-37%) for HA and HB gene therapies, respectively. No thrombosis or inhibitor formation was reported. AAV-based gene therapies for both HA and HB demonstrated significant reductions in ABR, AIR, and factor use.
Safety and efficacy of platelet-rich plasma injection for treatment of erectile dysfunction: a prospective randomized controlled study
Authors: Ragheb Ahmed M. , Lotfy Amr M. , Fahmy Mohamed , Elmarakbi Akrm A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Affected sexual relationships affect both the quality of life of men and women. Platelet-derived therapies are becoming increasingly popular in various medical and surgical fields because of their ability to aid in tissue healing and vascular remodeling. This study aimed to assess the safety and effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections in treating patients with erectile dysfunction (ED).

Results
Fifty-two participants with mild to moderate ED were divided into two groups: group A, who received three PRP penile injections, and group B, who received three saline injections (5 ml for each injection site). The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) was used to evaluate all participants. A month after the last injection, the PRP group's IIEF was 16.12 ± 1.25, while the placebo group's was 15.99 ± 1.21 (p = 0.683). Following a 3-month period, the IIEF for the PRP group was 16.44 ± 1.17, while the placebo group's was 16.31 ± 1.06 (p value = 0.653). Following a 6-month period, the IIEF for the PRP group was 16.35 ± 1.45, while that for the placebo group's was 16.23 ± 1.19 (p = 0.727). In terms of IIEF, there was no significant difference between the two groups after one, three, and six months of treatment.

Conclusion
In brief, our research revealed no data to support the application of PRP injections in the management of mild-to-moderate ED.
Magnitude of multiple drug use and determinants of vulnerability among chronic kidney disease inpatients in Ethiopia: a multi-center study
Authors: Zeleke Tirsit Ketsela , Abebe Rahel Belete , Wondm Samuel Agegnew , Tegegne Bantayehu Addis 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Patients with chronic kidney disease frequently face various nutritional and metabolic problems that necessitate the use of multiple medications. This multiple drug use can lead to several drug-related problems including adverse drug events, hospital admissions, poor medication adherence, harmful drug interactions, inadequate therapeutic outcomes, and death. Despite these challenges, there is a notable lack of studies on the extent of multiple drug use and its determinants among patients with chronic kidney disease in Ethiopia. This study aims to assess the magnitude of multiple drug use and identify the determinants of vulnerability among patients with chronic kidney disease in Ethiopia.

Method
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with chronic kidney disease. Eligible participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Frequency and percentage calculations were performed for categorical variables, while means and standard deviations were used for continuous variables. The chi-square test and t-test were used to compare the proportions and means, respectively. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the determinants of multiple drug use, with statistical significance determined by a p-value of less than 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval. Guidelines and previous literature were utilized to assess the magnitude of multiple drug use.

Results
A total of 230 patients were enrolled, with more than half being male. The overall magnitude of multiple drug use was 83.0%. Diuretics being the most frequently prescribed medication class followed by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. Patients aged 65 years and above (AOR = 4.91 (95% CI 1.60-15.03)), CKD stage five (AOR) = 5.48 (95% CI 1.99–15.09)), and the presence of comorbid conditions (AOR) = 3.53 (95% CI 1.55–8.06)) were significantly associated with multiple drug use.

Conclusion
Chronic kidney disease patients exhibited a high rate of multiple drug use. The presence of comorbid conditions, disease progression and older age are significant determinates of this vulnerability. Health care providers should pay particular attention to these factors to manage and mitigate the risks associated with multiple drug use.