bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internal and external responsiveness of the personal and social performance scale in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Chiu E.C. , Hsieh C.L. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe Personal and Social Performance scale (PSP) is widely used to assess social functioning with 4-domain scores and a global score in patients with schizophrenia. However, internal and external responsiveness of the PSP is largely unknown limiting its use as an outcome measure.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to examine internal and external responsiveness of the PSP in inpatients with schizophrenia receiving treatments in the acute phase.MethodsEighty patients were conducted the PSP and the Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) at admission and at discharge. The standardized effect size (ES), the standardized response mean (SRM), and paired t-test were used for examining internal responsiveness. We estimated correlations between the changes in scores of the PSP and those of the CGI-S using Pearson's r for investigated external responsiveness.ResultsFor internal responsiveness, the ESs and the SRMs of the domains were 0.74–1.74 and 0.68–1.72, respectively. The values of the ES and the SRM in the global score were 1.72 and 1.74, respectively. The paired t-tests showed statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) for the score changes of the four domains and the global score. Regarding external responsiveness, fair and moderate to good correlations (r = 0.35–0.74) were found among the changes in the 4-domain scores and the global score with the those of the CGI-S.ConclusionsThe PSP has sufficient internal responsiveness and substantial external responsiveness in inpatients with schizophrenia receiving treatments at the acute wards. The PSP is useful as an outcome measure for detecting changes of social functioning over time.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Classification of first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders and controls from whole brain white matter fractional anisotropy using machine learning
Authors: Mikolas P. , Hlinka J. , Pitra Z. , Skoch A. , Frodl T. , Spaniel F. , Hajek T. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundSchizophrenia is a chronic disorder with an early onset and high disease burden in terms of life disability. Its early recognition may delay the resulting brain structural/functional alterations and improve treatment outcomes. Unlike conventional group-statistics, machine-learning techniques made it possible to classify patients and controls based on the disease patterns on an individual level. Diagnostic classification in first-episode schizophrenia to date was mostly performed on sMRI or fMRI data. DTI modalities have not gained comparable attention.MethodsWe performed the classification of 77 FES patients and 77 healthy controls matched by age and sex from fractional anisotropy data from using linear support-vector machine (SVM). We further analyzed the effect of medication and symptoms on the classification performance using standard statistical measures (t-test, linear regression) and machine learning (Kernel–Ridge regression).ResultsThe SVM distinguished between patients and controls with significant accuracy of 62.34% (P = 0.005). There was no association between the classification performance and medication nor symptoms. Group level statistical analysis yielded brain-wide significant differences in FA.ConclusionThe SVM in combination with brain white-matter fractional anisotropy might help differentiate FES from HC. The performance of our classification model was not associated with symptoms or medications and therefore reflects trait markers in the early course of the disease.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Driving Ability and Psychotropic Drugs: Legal Framework, Forensic Aspects
Authors: Graf M. 
Published: June 2017

Although the rate of victims of road traffic accidents is already relatively low in Switzerland compared to other western countries, still 253 people died in 2015. The Swiss parliament therefore issued in 2012 already a program called “Via secura” to increase road traffic security by means of a package of measures, ranging from immobilizing systems for the car in case of drunken drivers to stricter rules for medical assessment of ability to drive a car and better training for doctors in such assessment to finally stricter laws regarding lower tolerance for alcohol levels and zero tolerance for drug consumption when driving a car. The presentation will focus on changes in legal regulation for both medical assessment as well as rules for alcohol or drug consumption when driving a car. Positive and negative consequences for the field of forensic psychiatry are discussed.Disclosure of interestThe author declares that he has no competing interest.
Psychiatry and Primary Care: A Global Medical Care
Authors: Gelas-Ample B. , Fau L. , Bailly A. , Pillot-meunier F. 
Published: June 2017

Patients suffering from psychiatric disorders have a decrease in life expectancy of 15 years compared to the general population. This excess mortality is not related predominantly to suicide but mostly to a higher frequency of somatic diseases, such as cardiovascular, neoplastic, metabolic diseases. Their high prevalence and their low diagnoses are related to a poorer access to screening, prevention and somatic care than in the general population. Indeed, we estimated that more than 60% of patients treated in public psychiatry do not have a general practitioner (GP) in France. The GP has a role in the coordination, prevention and management of patient health care circuit. To allow a better access to general practitioner, a consultation and a somatic network have been created in Lyon. The purpose is to bring the user back into the primary care system, to ensure a durable monitoring, and a better prevention of avoidable diseases. Patients without GP are oriented to the consultation by their referent psychiatry team. During three consultations with a doctor and a nurse, an assessment of the patient's overall health is realized as well as a synthesis and a redirection to the city network. This reinstatement also allows a better communication between somatic and psychiatric care, to insure a more global view of the patient. A work around the re-empowerment and social rehabilitation is carried out to re-anchor the person in the city and in the care, which every citizen is entitled.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
An Investigation of the Coupling of Temperament Traits with Major Depression
Authors: Sulis W. , Trofimova I. 
Published: June 2017

A diversity of neurochemical hypotheses related to major depression (MD) suggests that further investigation is needed for uncovering the neurophysiological nature of MD. Since both temperament and mental illness have been linked to varying degrees of the same neurotransmitter imbalances in neurophysiological systems of behavioral regulation, the analysis of temperament traits as weak forms of neurochemical imbalances might give new insights into symptoms and nature of MD. This study analyzed the predictions of the opioid receptor hypothesis within the neurochemical model of functional ensemble of temperament proposing that a dysregulation of the opioid receptors acting on monoaminergic systems gives rise to the symptoms of major depression (MD). The study investigated the coupling of sex, age and temperament traits with MD across four age groups (17–24, 25–45, 46–65, 66–85) by reviewing the records of testing in 423 patients and volunteers with (210) and without (213) the MD. The records included testing with the personality assessment inventory, structure of temperament questionnaire, structured clinical interview and other diagnostic measures. In line with the hypothesis, patients with MD had significantly lower physical endurance, social-verbal endurance, mental endurance, plasticity, physical tempo, sensation seeking and self-confidence, and higher impulsivity and neuroticism than non-depressed individuals. Other sex- and age-related effects are reported. The results suggest that new versions of the DSM should consider an increase of impulsivity and a decrease in plasticity of behavior as criteria symptoms of MD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Predictors of Remission at 1-year Follow-up among ocd Patients: Findings from The Netherlands Obsessive-compulsive Disorder Association (NOCDA) Study
Authors: Tibi L. , van Oppen P. , van Balkom A. , Eikelenboom M. , Anholt G. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is described as a chronic condition. However, relatively little is known about predictors affecting its long-term outcome.ObjectiveTo examine the contribution of clinical and interpersonal determinants in predicting remission status of 254 OCD patients at one-year follow-up (FU1).MethodsWe used the baseline and FU1 data of The Netherlands obsessive-compulsive disorder association (NOCDA) study. Clinical predictors were chronicity level, depressive and obsessive-compulsive symptom severity. Suspected interpersonal factors included attachment style, social support and expressed emotion. Remission status was defined using the Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive symptom (Y-BOCS) scale. χ2 tests and ANOVAs were used for bivariate analyses, followed by multivariate multinomial logistic regression analyses to assess main effects and interactions in predicting remission status at FU1.ResultsBivariate tests demonstrated significant differences in remission status as a function of chronicity level, depressive and obsessive-compulsive symptom severity and social support. Regression analyses revealed that increased baseline OCD severity reduced the odds for both partial and full remission at FU1 (OR = .87, 95%CI = .82–93, P < 0.001). Increased depressive severity at baseline reduced the odds for partial remission at FU1 (OR = .95, 95%CI = .91–.98, P < 0.01). Interactions analyses demonstrated that the adverse effects of OCD severity on partial remission disappeared at the presence of secure attachment (IOR = 1.11, 95%CI = 1.05–1.24, P < 0.05) and high social support (IOR = .88, 95%CI = .78–98, P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe contribution of clinical severity is critical for understanding the prognosis of OCD. The interpersonal context of OCD patients may mitigate the unfavorable effect of severity on outcome, thus should be addressed in treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Determinants of Functioning in Euthymic Patients with Bipolar Disorder: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach
Authors: Samalin L. , Boyer L. , Murru A. , Pacchiarotti I. , Reinares M. , Bonnin C.M. , Torrent C. , Norma V. , Corinna P. , de Chazeron I. , Boucekine M. , Geoffroy P.A. , Bellivier F. , Llorca P.M. , Vieta E. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundEuthymic patients with bipolar disorder (BD) experience residual symptoms. Interestingly, residual symptoms appear to impact the natural course of BD and represent potential predictors of recurrence and functional impairment.ObjectivesThe study aimed to analyse the relationship between residual depressive symptoms, sleep disturbances and cognitive impairment as determinants of psychosocial functioning in a large sample of euthymic BD patients.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional study of 468 BD outpatients in clinical remission for at least 6 months. Bipolar Depression Rating Scale (BDRS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale, Visual Analogic Scales (VAS) evaluated cognitive impairment and functioning assessment short test were used to assess residual symptomatology and functioning of patients. We evaluated functioning with. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to describe the relationships among the residual depressive symptoms, sleep disturbances, perceived cognitive performance and functioning.ResultsSEM showed good fit. This model revealed that residual depressive symptoms (path coefficient = 0.37) and perceived cognitive performance (path coefficient = 0.27) were the most important features significantly related to psychosocial functioning. Sleep disturbances were indirectly associated with functioning via residual depressive symptoms and perceived cognitive performance (path coefficient = 0.23).ConclusionsThis study contributes to a better understanding of the determinants of psychosocial functioning during the interepisodic periods of BD patients. These findings should have implications for the improvement of functioning of BD patients in a personalized approach to treatment.Disclosure of interestCOI: Dr. Samalin reports personal fees and nonfinancial support from Astra-Zeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Janssen, Lundbeck, and Otsuka.The authors L. Boyer, A. Murru, I. Pacchiarotti, M. Reinares, C.M. Bonnin, C. Torrent, V. Norma, P. Corinna, I. de Chazeron, M. Boucekine, P.A. Geoffroy, F. Bellivier, P.M. Llorca, E. Vieta have have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Integrating the Findings from Boundary Sciences for Development of the DSM/ICD Classifications
Authors: Trofimova I. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionTemperament and mental illnesses are considered to be varying degrees along the same continuum of imbalance in the neurophysiological regulation of behavior. Mental disorders are linked to specific patterns in the relationships between neurotransmitters and between brain structures. Similar links were found for temperament traits. Development of DSM and ICD classifications might benefit therefore from an integration between psychiatry, functional neurochemistry and differential psychology.ObjectivesTo describe the neurochemical systems underlying mental disorders and temperament traits in healthy adults.MethodsFindings in neurochemistry, neuropsychology, differential psychology and psychopathology are compared to the traits described in various temperament models. This analysis is summarized in the perspective of the neurochemical functional ensemble of temperament (FET) model.ResultsNeurochemical correlates for 12 main dynamical aspects of behavior are presented as a systemic framework that follows a universal functional structure of human actions described in kinesiology, neuroanatomy, neurochemistry and clinical neuropsychology. The role of monoamine systems (serotonin, dopamine, noradrenalin), acetylcholine, GABA/glutamate, neuropeptide and opioid receptor systems are linked to regulation of specific dynamical properties of behavior in a systematic way. Several insights for the structure of the classification of mental disorders from the perspective of the FET model are proposed.ConclusionsAn integration of research in neurochemistry and psychopathology of behavior with differential psychology based on healthy samples can bring new insights for future versions of DSM and ICD classifications of mental disorders. Such integration does not follow either dimensionality or categorical approach but instead is based on functional ecology of human behavior.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Needs of People with Schizophrenia/Psychosis and their Caregivers: A Large Scale Survey
Authors: Lahera G. , Cid J. , González-Pinto A. , Cabrera A. , González I. , Vieta E. , Arango C. , Crespo-Facorro B. 
Published: June 2017

For the first time in Spain, a large scale survey (5205 people) was carried out to establish the real needs of those directly affected by the illness. Patients and caregivers responded to a 9-question survey concerning dimensions: personal, social, medical treatment, psychotherapy and rehabilitation. For patients, the most important need (an average score of 3.5 on a scale of importance from 1 to 4) was to feel their emotional needs covered. The following average scores were also obtained: feel well physically (3.42), improve autonomy (3.41), have leisure activities (3.21) and work/study (3.1). A total of 42% of patients indicated having little or no freedom over their lives. Thirty-six percent indicated that medical treatment did not start soon enough, 35% that psychotherapy started too late and 13% saying they had received no psychotherapy at all. The help from professionals most valued was provide information about the illness (3.4), dedicating more time (3.4) investigating new treatments (3.3) paying attention to secondary effects (3.3) and incorporating the patient in decision making (3.3). Most patients reported a state of health “regular to good” but 10% indicated not being understood at all in their social environment since onset of illness and 25% being little understood. The anti-stigma initiative most valued was to increase investment in schizophrenia in health planning. Integral health planning should incorporate patient insights concerning basic needs and treatment preferences.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
How Could Affect Stress, PEP and Sex in Working Memory?
Authors: Maria Isabel C.-R. , Manuel C.-R. , Andrea M. , Miguel R.-V. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundThe first episode of psychosis is a crucial period when early intervention can alter the trajectory of the young person's ongoing mental health and general functioning. Cognitive abilities are nuclear for the social recovery. Stress impairs higher cognitive processes, dependent on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and that involve maintenance and integration of information over extended periods, including working memory and attention. Different mechanism are involved such as HPA-Axis hyperactivity, affecting PFC. Recently, investigations show the different evolution of cognitive abilities between different sex in WM.MethodsA sample of 41 FEPs and 39 healthy subjects were evaluated. The variables assessed were verbal and visual memory, attention, working memory, processing speed, mental flexibility, verbal fluency, motor coordination, planning ability and intelligence.ResultsWe found an interaction between age (< 16 years and > 16 years) and group (psychosis vs. controls) in working memory (P = 0.04). There were no difference in men < 16 years old control group and men with same age plus psychosis (5.87 ± 1.57 vs. 5.83 ± 1; P = 0.1) in WM. However, this work was found to be significantly different in the univariant analysis of working memory in the group < 16 years old women control (7.30 ± 1.56) and women psychosis group (5.61 ± 1.91).ConclusionSocial cognition and stress seem to be directly relation. Some studies show that stress enhance cognition performance in men while impairing it in women. Stress affect a variety of cognitive processes such attention and working memory. Deficit in social cognition are present in the prodromal phases of psychosis.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Cross cultural aspects of OCD in Islam and clinical practice
Authors: Abouhendy W.I. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionReligious obsessions and compulsive acts compromise approximately two thirds of all obsessive compulsive disorder symptomatology in Muslim patients. Imam's mosque is consulted before a psychiatrist.ObjectivesTo explore the Islamic jurist's views and methods in dealing with obsessions and compulsions.AimsIntroduction of guidelines for managing OCD in some Muslim patients.MethodsWe began studying the different opinions of scholars in defining obsessive compulsive behaviour focusing on the tight criteria required by the Maliki Jurists to consider the individual being obsessed. This was followed by a thorough review of other Islamic doctrines.ResultsThe jurisprudential therapeutic approach includes:– obsessions are satanic whispers not originating from the self, which is equivalent to “It is not me but my OCD” in modern cognitive behavioural approach;– diverting attention from the obsessive thought rather than engaging with it;– not to respond to the obsessional thought (response prevention);– listing of religious permits;– focusing attention on acts of worship;– thought stopping.At the end we added various jurisprudential rules to be remembered by patients such as certainty does not fade with scepticism, no defiles by doubt, there are no doubts for a man with excessive doubts.ConclusionExposure and response prevention techniques are deeply rooted in Islamic jurisprudence and are practised with conviction by OCD Muslim patients. We produced specific guidelines that could be used by clinical psychologists and other mental health professionals in dealing with OCD patients top ensure their engagement in therapy.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Neurotic personality dysfunctions as factors predisposing for reacting with suicidal ideation to intensive psychotherapy
Authors: Rodzinski P. , Ostachowska A. , Cyranka K. , Rutkowski K. , Dembinska E. , Sobanski J. , Citkowska-Kisielewska A. , Mielimaka M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionIdentifying patients’ risk of reacting with suicidal ideation (SI) to psychotherapy is an important clinical problem that calls for empirical verification.ObjectivesAnalysis of associations between patients’ initial neurotic personality dysfunctions not accompanied by SI and emergence of SI at the end of a course of intensive psychotherapy conducted in integrative approach with predominance of psychodynamic approach in a day hospital.MethodsNeurotic Personality Questionnaire KON-2006 and Life Inventory were completed by 680 patients at the time of admission to a psychotherapeutic day hospital due to neurotic, behavioral or personality disorders. Symptom Checklist KO “O” as a source of information about emergence of SI was completed both at the admission and at the end of the treatment. Among 466 patients without SI at the admission, in 4% SI occurred at the end of the treatment.ResultsA number of neurotic personality dysfunctions (demeanors declared) that significantly predisposed to SI emergence at the end of the treatment were found: physical aggression against close ones (P < 0.001), grandiose fantasies (P = 0.043), tendencies to resignation (P = 0.022) and resignation-related feeling of loss of life opportunities (P = 0.037), tendency to follow predominantly ones intuition (P = 0.035).ConclusionsIn patients who declared the above-mentioned demeanors increased risk of SI emergence than in others (10–30% vs. 4%) indicate that there are particular vulnerable areas of neurotic personality that require especially careful approach during intensive psychotherapy–dealing with those areas may result in distress or anxiety that may lead to SI.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.