bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the role of source and source trust in prebunks and debunks of misinformation in online experiments across four EU countries
Authors: Bruns Hendrik , Dessart François J. , Krawczyk Michał , Lewandowsky Stephan , Pantazi Myrto , Pennycook Gordon , Schmid Philipp , Smillie Laura 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMisinformation surrounding crises poses a significant challenge for public institutions. Understanding the relative effectiveness of different types of interventions to counter misinformation, and which segments of the population are most and least receptive to them, is crucial. We conducted a preregistered online experiment involving 5228 participants from Germany, Greece, Ireland, and Poland. Participants were exposed to misinformation on climate change or COVID-19. In addition, they were pre-emptively exposed to a prebunk, warning them of commonly used misleading strategies, before encountering the misinformation, or were exposed to a debunking intervention afterwards. The source of the intervention (i.e. the European Commission) was either revealed or not. The findings show that both interventions change four variables reflecting vulnerability to misinformation in the expected direction in almost all cases, with debunks being slightly more effective than prebunks. Revealing the source of the interventions did not significantly impact their overall effectiveness. One case of undesirable effect heterogeneity was observed: debunks with revealed sources were less effective in decreasing the credibility of misinformation for people with low levels of trust in the European Union (as elicited in a post-experimental questionnaire). While our results mostly suggest that the European Commission, and possibly other public institutions, can confidently debunk and prebunk misinformation regardless of the trust level of the recipients, further evidence on this is needed.
Performance evaluation of indented macro synthetic polypropylene fibers in high strength self-compacting concrete (SCC)
Authors: Yaqin Chen , Haq Saud Ul , Iqbal Shahid , Khan Inamullah , Room Shah , Khan Shaukat Ali 
Published: September 2024

AbstractConcrete is used worldwide as a construction material in many projects. It exhibits a brittle nature, and fibers' addition to it improves its mechanical properties. Polypropylene (PP) fibers stand out as widely employed fibers in concrete. However, conventional micro-PP fibers pose challenges due to their smooth texture, affecting bonding within concrete and their propensity to clump during mixing due to their thin and soft nature. Addressing these concerns, a novel type of PP fiber is proposed by gluing thin fibers jointly and incorporating surface indentations to enhance mechanical anchorage. This study investigates the incorporation of macro-PP fibers into high-strength concrete, examining its fresh and mechanical properties. Three different concrete strengths 40 MPa, 45 MPa, and 50 MPa, were studied with fiber content of 0–1.5% v/f. ASTM specifications were utilized to test the fresh and mechanical properties, while the RILEM specifications were adopted to test the bond of bar reinforcements in concrete. Test results indicate a decrease in workability, increased air content, and no substantial shift in fresh concrete density. Hardened concrete tests, adding macro-PP fibers, show a significant increase in splitting tensile strength, bond strength, and flexural strength with a maximum increase of 34.5%, 35%, and 100%, respectively. Concrete exhibits strain-hardening behavior with 1% and 1.5% fiber content, and the flexural toughness increases remarkably from 2.2 to 47.1. Thus, macro PP fibers can effectively improve concrete's mechanical properties and resistance against crack initiation and spread.
Dynamic weighting factor assignment method for the predictive control of electrical drives
Authors: Bándy Kristóf , Stumpf Péter 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article presents an innovative approach for real‐time allocation of weighting factor values in model predictive control of electrical drive systems. In the proposed dynamic weighting factor assignment method, the cost associated with a specific variable is determined based on its corresponding set of predictions. This approach can be employed to optimize weighting factor values for a given system or even enhance performance metrics in comparison to conventional approaches that employ fixed weighting factors. Furthermore, the method determines the optimal value of weighting factors in real‐time with low added calculation complexity. The proposed method is able to provide reliable constant weighting factors for a given working point as well. The practical application of this method is demonstrated through a case study of an LC filter equipped PMSM drive; the system encompasses six independent variables that require regulation. Experimental results utilizing both two and three level voltage source inverters and using various transient and steady‐state situations prove the feasibility of the proposed dynamic weighting factor assignment method.
X-ray reverberation as an explanation for UV/optical variability in nearby Seyferts
Authors: Papoutsis M. , Papadakis I. E. , Panagiotou C. , Dovčiak M. , Kammoun E. 
Published: September 2024

Context. Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are known to be variable across all wavelengths. Significant observational efforts have been invested in the last decade in studying their ultraviolet (UV) and optical variability. Long and densely sampled, multi-wavelength monitoring campaigns of numerous Seyfert galaxies have been conducted with the aim of determining the X-ray/UV/optical continuum time lags. Time-lag studies can be used to constrain theoretical models. The observed time lags can be explained by thermal reprocessing of the X-rays illuminating the accretion disc (known as the X-ray reverberation model). However, the observed light curves contain more information that can be used to further constrain physical models.
Aims. Our primary objective is to investigate whether, in addition to time lags, the X-ray reverberation model can also explain the UV/optical variability amplitude of nearby Seyferts.
Methods. We measured the excess variance of four sources (namely Mrk 509, NGC 4151, NGC 2617, and Mrk 142) as a function of wavelength using data from archival long, multi-wavelength campaigns with Swift, and ground-based telescopes. We also computed the model excess variance in the case of the X-ray reverberation model by determining the disc’s transfer function and assuming a bending power law for the X-ray power spectrum. We tested the validity of the model by comparing the measured and model variances for a range of accretion rates and X-ray source heights.
Results. Our main result is that the X-ray thermal reverberation model can fit both the continuum, UV/optical time lags, as well as the variance (i.e. the variability amplitude) in these AGNs, for the same physical parameters. Our results suggest that the accretion disc is constant and that all the observed UV/optical variations, on timescales of days and up to a few weeks, can be fully explained by the variable X-rays as they illuminate the accretion disc.
The GAPS programme at TNG
Authors: D’Arpa M. C. , Saba A. , Borsa F. , Fossati L. , Micela G. , Di Maio C. , Stangret M. , Tripodo G. , Affer L. , Bonomo A. S. , Benatti S. , Brogi M. , Fardella V. , Lanza A. F. , Guilluy G. , Maldonado J. , Mantovan G. , Nascimbeni V. , Pino L. , Scandariato G. , Sicilia D. , Sozzetti A. , Spinelli R. , Andreuzzi G. , Bignamini A. , Claudi R. , Desidera S. , Ghedina A. , Knapic C. , Lorenzi V. 
Published: September 2024

Aims. We analysed six primary transits of the ultra-hot Jupiter KELT-9 b obtained with the HARPS-N high-resolution spectrograph in the context of the Global Architecture of Planetary Systems (GAPS2) project, to characterise the atmosphere via single-line analysis.
Methods. We extracted the transmission spectrum of each individual line by comparing the master out-of-transit spectrum with the in-transit spectra and computing the weighted average of the tomography in the planet reference frame. We corrected for the centre-to-limb variation and the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect by modelling the region of the star disc obscured by the planet during the transit and subtracting it from the master-out spectrum.
Results. We detected all six observable lines of the Balmer series within the HARPS-N wavelength range, from Hα to Hζ, with a significance exceeding 5σ. We also focussed on metal species, detecting Na I, Ca I, Ca II, Fe I, Fe II, Mg I, Ti II, Sc II, and Cr II lines. This is the first detection in the atmosphere of an exoplanet of Hϵ and Hζ lines, as well as of individual lines of Sc II and Cr II. Our detections are supported by a comparison with published synthetic transmission spectra of KELT-9b obtained accounting for non-local thermodynamic equilibrium effects. The results underline the presence of a systematic blueshift due to night-side to day-side winds.
Conclusions. The single-line analysis allowed us not only to assess the presence of atomic species in the atmosphere of KELT-9 b, but also to further characterise the local stratification of the atmosphere. Coupling the height distribution of the detected species with the velocity shift retrieved, we acknowledged the height distribution of night-side to day-side winds. Moreover, the study of the rotational broadening of the different species supports the prediction of a tidally locked planet rotating as a rigid body.
The Normal Static Two-Point Discrimination in the Palmar Aspect of Hand in Adults and Children in a Sample Indian Population
Authors: K. S.K. Pandian , Thatte M.R. , Agarwal Pawan , Rajendran S. , Ibrahim Mohamed , Babu G Vishnu , Madhavan Latha , Sharma A.N. , Ghanghurde Bipin , Dugad Anand , Kulkarni Onkar , Shah Harsh R. , Saraf Mansi , B. Rajesh , Krishnamorthy R. , Sridhar K. , Bhat Anil , Rao Surya 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background The normal ability to distinguish two points from one is known as the two-point discriminative (2PD) sense. This forms an extremely important assessment in patient with injuries to the nerves distributed to the upper extremity.
Objective The aim of this study was to estimate the normal reference values of static 2PD in healthy adults and children.
Materials and Methods A total of 624 normal adults comprising 380 men and 244 women were recruited randomly for the study at three different centers. Additionally, 172 healthy children, comprising 110 boys and 62 girls, were studied. Eight sensory areas in the palmar surface of the hand were delineated. The ability to distinguish the static 2PD was estimated in millimeters by using disk discriminator. The results were tabulated and statistically analyzed.
Results The mean static 2PD in the adult population ranged from 2.78 to 3.5 mm in the fingertips and 5.39 to 7.13 mm in the mid-palm. There was a statistically significant difference between men and women in zones 6, 7, and 8. In children, the observed 2PD values were 2.15 to 3.63 mm in the fingertips and 4.10 to 5.77 mm in the palm. Children have a significantly better 2PD sense when compared with adults.
Conclusion The normal value of static 2PD in the palmar surface of the hand among the Indian pediatric and adult populations was established in the study.
A Real-World Analysis of Oncological Outcomes in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Requiring Marginal Mandibulectomy for Achieving Clear Surgical Margins
Authors: Nemade Hemant , Thaduri Abhinav , Gondi Jonathan T. , Chava Sravan Kumar , Kumar Anil , Raj Pratheek , Neelap Uma , S. L.M. Chandra Sekara Rao 
Published: September 2024

Introduction Marginal mandibulectomy (MM) offers a conservative alternative to segmental resections for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) requiring clear margins without evident bone invasion. Despite its potential benefits, real-world outcomes related to surgical margins and oncological outcomes have not been studied sufficiently.
Methods This ambispective cohort study analyzed 183 patients undergoing MM from January 2015 to March 2021 to achieve clear margins without clinical bone involvement. The primary objective is to assess the disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with OSCC requiring MM to achieve clear surgical margins, and the secondary objective is to assess the impact of microscopic bone involvement on these outcomes. Kaplan–Meier estimates facilitated the survival analysis.
Results The cohort primarily comprised males (83.2%) with a median age of 50 years, the predominant subsite being the bucco-alveolar complex (94%). Microscopic bone involvement was found in 8.74% of patients. The distribution of surgical margins was 84.24% negative, 15.22% close, and 0.54% positive. The cohort's 3-year DFS and overall survival (OS) rates are 65 and 70%, respectively. Patients with microscopic bone involvement experienced lower DFS (odds ratio [OR] = 0.251, p = 0.013), and perineural invasion was also a significant negative prognostic factor for DFS (OR = 0.4, p = 0.01). Statistical analyses revealed significant differences in survival distributions based on bone involvement (p = 0.049).
Conclusion While MM can achieve favorable surgical margins in selected OSCC patients, microscopic bone involvement compromises DFS. Given the low incidence of bone involvement and high rate of negative margins, more conservative approaches might be justified in select patients. However, these findings require further validation in a larger cohort.
Repression of Root Maggot,
Bradysia odoriphaga
through Soil Solarization in China
Authors: Hu Jingrong , Shi Caihua 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The widespread distribution of
Bradysia odoriphaga
across China encompasses over 30 host plant species, including Chinese chives. Insecticide application represents the predominant approach for managing
B. odoriphaga
; however, this method poses risks of pesticide residue accumulation and associated health concerns. Recently, it has been demonstrated that soil solarization offers an alternative strategy for controlling
B. odoriphaga
infestations in Chinese chive fields without relying on chemical interventions. By elevating soil temperatures through solarization, effective eradication of
B. odorphiga
can be achieved while preserving the integrity of Chinese chive roots. This technological advancement lays the groundwork for future pest and disease management by leveraging differential temperature tolerances between hosts and pests.

Information
© The Authors 2024
Defect engineering strategies in monolayer VSe2 for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction: a computational study
Authors: Hassan Rabia , Ma Fei , Li Yan , Hassan Rehan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Defect engineering is a powerful strategy for enhancing the catalytic properties of monolayer VSe2. In this work, we used density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the impact of point defects and hydrogen adsorption sites on the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity of VSe2. We analyzed the formation energies and hydrogen adsorption behavior of single and double vacancies in VSe2. The results show that V vacancy defect (D2), consecutive V-Se double vacancy defect (D3), and separate V-Se double defect (D4) exhibit the enhanced HER activity with Gibbs free energies (ΔG
H* = 0.04 eV, 0.04 eV and 0.06 eV, respectively) even surpassing that of platinum (ΔG
H* = − 0.1 eV). This study highlights the potential of defect-engineered VSe2 for efficient hydrogen evolution.
Generation of pulses and multiplying their repetition rate using the temporal fractional Talbot effect
Authors: Shakhmuratov Rustem 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The generation of pulses from a periodic phase-modulated continuous wave (CW) laser field, which is transmitted through a group-delay-dispersion (GDD) circuit, is considered. A time lens (TL), consisting of a quadratic phase modulator and a GDD circuit is proposed in combination with temporal array illuminators (TAI) using another GDD circuit. The time lens producing field compression into pulses is realized for a particular value of the normalized fractional Talbot length (NFTL)

L

/

L

T

=

P

1

/

Q

1

, where L is the physical length of the GDD circuit, L

T
is the Talbot length,

P

1

=
1

, and Q
1 is an integer. The length of the GDD circuit is selected to convert a given parabolic phase-modulated CW laser field into short pulses repeated with a phase modulation period T in accordance with the chirp radar concept. If NFTL is increased by

1

/

Q

2

, where

Q

2

=
4

, 6, or 8, the pulse sequence period is shortened as

T

/

2

,

T

/

3

, and

T

/

4

, respectively. This is because the additional GDD circuit with NFTL

1

/

Q

2

, performs repetition rate multiplication of the initially prepared pulse sequence as TAI does. The maximum multiplication number considered in this paper is 12, which makes it possible to reduce the time interval between pulses by a factor of 12 and obtain a repetition rate 120 GHZ of picosecond pulses generated by phase modulation with frequency

f
=
1

/

T
=
10

GHz. The proposed method of pulse sequence generation with a discretely tunable period provides a new tool for optical signal processing in optical communication.
BSN: The First Light Curve Analysis of the Total Eclipse Binary System EL Tuc
Authors: Sarvari Elham , Fernández Lajús Eduardo , Poro Atila 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We conducted the first light curve study of the binary star EL Tuc within the Binary Systems of South and North project’s framework. The photometric observations were made using standard multiband BVR

c

I

c
filters at an observatory in Argentina. We presented a new ephemeris for EL Tuc and a linear fit to the O – C diagram, utilizing our extracted times of minima and additional literature. We employed the PHysics Of Eclipsing BinariEs Python code and the Markov chain Monte Carlo approach for the system’s light curve analysis. The target system’s light curve solution required a cold starspot on the hotter component. We conclude that EL Tuc is a total contact binary system with a low mass ratio of q = 0.172 ± 0.002, an orbital inclination of i = 83.°74 ± 0.°40, and a fillout factor of f = 53.7% ± 1.6%. We used the P–a relationship and the Gaia Data Release 3 parallax method to determine the absolute parameters of EL Tuc to compare the precision of our results. This system was classified as W-type based on the mass and effective temperature of the companion stars. The positions of the systems were depicted on the M–L, M–R, T–M, and q–L
ratio diagrams. The relationship between the spectroscopic and photometric mass ratios of binaries was discussed.
Momentary Associations Between Physical Activity, Affect, and Purpose in Life
Authors: Kekäläinen Tiia , Luchetti Martina , Terracciano Antonio , Gamaldo Alyssa A , Sliwinski Martin J , Sutin Angelina R 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Physical activity is associated with both the hedonic (e.g., affect) and eudaimonic (e.g., purpose in life) aspects of well-being. While there is evidence linking momentary physical activity and affect in daily life, the examination of momentary purpose remains largely unexplored.

Purpose
This study investigates the bidirectional associations between physical activity, positive and negative affect, and momentary purpose using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) and accelerometer data.

Methods
Middle-aged participants (40–70 years old, n = 291) wore accelerometers and completed three daily EMA surveys on momentary experiences for 8 consecutive days. Physical activity (active time and counts) from 20- to 60-min periods before and after EMA surveys were used in the analyses. Multilevel models were adjusted for temporal and contextual factors, age, sex, education, work status, and race/ethnicity.

Results
When participants were more physically active than usual, they reported feeling more purpose-driven and positive affect. Similarly, when participants reported feeling more purpose-driven or experiencing positive affect, they engaged in more physical activity in the subsequent time period. These associations were similar for physical activity from 20- to 60-min periods before and after the EMA survey. Physical activity and negative affect were not related in either direction.

Conclusions
In middle-aged adults’ daily lives, physical activity has bidirectional relations with purpose and positive affect. This study highlights the dynamic associations between physical activity and the positive aspects of both hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Future interventions or public health programs should integrate physical activity and mental well-being to maximize mutual benefits.
Toward the genetic suppression of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of spermatogenesis-related genes, Tssk1 and topi for imparting male sterility
Authors: Ashok Karuppannasamy , Bhargava Chikmagalur Nagaraja , Pradeep Chalapathi , Pradhan Sanjay Kumar , Jha Girish Kumar , Maligeppagol Manamohan , Shivanna Bynakal , Asokan Ramasamy 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Pest management based on CRISPR/Cas9-mediated site-specific mutations is an effective and environmentally safer strategy to suppress the pest population. However, the potential of this approach is yet to be tested on many important agricultural pests such as Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), a fit candidate for area-wide pest management. Therefore, in the present study, 2 spermatogenesis-related genes viz. Testis-specific zinc finger protein (topi) and Testis-specific serine protein kinase 1 (Tssk1) of B. dorsalis were edited to impart male sterility and its impact on further progeny. In this regard, topi and Tssk1 mutant populations deposited significantly fewer eggs per day (6.12 ± 0.36 and 3.60 ± 0.24, respectively) as compared to the control (11.16 ± 0.58 eggs per day). About the hatching rate, the above trend was observed, topi (44.51) and Tssk1 (30.04) as compared to the control (73.96). Furthermore, the total number of viable offspring for topi and Tssk1 populations decreased as a result of the cumulative progeny production ten days after the post-mating phase. It suggests that topi and Tssk1 from B. dorsalis could be potential targets for imparting male sterility in B. dorsalis.