bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unr defines a novel class of nucleoplasmic reticulum involved in mRNA translation
Authors: Saltel Frédéric , Giese Alban , Azzi Lamia , Elatmani Habiba , Costet Pierre , Ezzoukhry Zakaria , Dugot-Senant Nathalie , Miquerol Lucile , Boussadia Oréda , Wodrich Harald , Dubus Pierre , Jacquemin-Sablon Hélène 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
Unr (officially known as CSDE1) is a cytoplasmic RNA-binding protein with roles in the regulation of mRNA stability and translation. In this study, we identified a novel function for Unr, which acts as a positive regulator of placental development. Unr expression studies in the developing placenta revealed the presence of Unr-rich foci that are apparently located in the nuclei of trophoblast giant cells (TGCs). We determined that what we initially thought to be foci, were actually cross sections of a network of double-wall nuclear membrane invaginations that contain a cytoplasmic core related to the nucleoplasmic reticulum (NR). We named them, accordingly, Unr-NRs. Unr-NRs constitute a novel type of NR because they contain high levels of poly(A) RNA and translation factors, and are sites of active translation. In murine tissues, Unr-NRs are only found in two polyploid cell types, in TGCs and hepatocytes. In vitro, their formation is linked to stress and polyploidy because, in three cancer cell lines, cytotoxic drugs that are known to promote polyploidization induce their formation. Finally, we show that Unr is required in vivo for the formation of Unr-containing NRs because these structures are absent in Unr-null TGCs.
Multiple roles of integrin-α3 at the neuromuscular junction
Authors: Ross Jacob A. , Webster Richard G. , Lechertier Tanguy , Reynolds Louise E. , Turmaine Mark , Bencze Maximilien , Jamshidi Yalda , Cetin Hakan , Muntoni Francesco , Beeson David , Hodilvala-Dilke Kairbaan , Conti Francesco J. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the synapse between motoneurons and skeletal muscle, and is responsible for eliciting muscle contraction. Neurotransmission at synapses depends on the release of synaptic vesicles at sites called active zones (AZs). Various proteins of the extracellular matrix are crucial for NMJ development; however, little is known about the identity and functions of the receptors that mediate their effects. Using genetically modified mice, we find that integrin-α3 (encoded by Itga3), an adhesion receptor at the presynaptic membrane, is involved in the localisation of AZ components and efficient synaptic vesicle release. Integrin-α3 also regulates integrity of the synapse – mutant NMJs present with progressive structural changes and upregulated autophagy, features commonly observed during ageing and in models of neurodegeneration. Unexpectedly, we find instances of nerve terminal detachment from the muscle fibre; to our knowledge, this is the first report of a receptor that is required for the physical anchorage of pre- and postsynaptic elements at the NMJ. These results demonstrate multiple roles of integrin-α3 at the NMJ, and suggest that alterations in its function could underlie defects that occur in neurodegeneration or ageing.
Mechano-chemical ablation in the treatment of small saphenous vein varicosis
Authors: Hartmann K. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryIn mechano-chemical ablation (MOCA) the vein to be treated is not heated but is occluded with a combination of mechanical and chemical techniques. No anaesthesia is required as access to the vein is through an 18G vein cannula, and there is no danger of nerve lesions as the technique is heat-free. MOCA is therefore particularly suitable for treating the small saphenous vein (SSV).
Building the infrastructure to make science metrics more scientific
Authors: Lin Jennifer , Murphy Fiona L. , Taylor Mike , Allen Liz 
Published: April 2017

Research leaders, policy makers and science strategists need evidence to support decision-making around research funding investment, policy and strategy. In recent years there has been a rapid expansion in the data sources available that shed light onto aspects of research quality, excellence, use, re-use and attention, and engagement. This is at a time when the modes and routes to share and communicate research findings and data are also changing. In this opinion piece, we outline a series of considerations and interventions that are needed to ensure that research metric development is accompanied by appropriate scrutiny and governance, to properly support the needs of research assessors and decision-makers, while securing the confidence of the research community. Key among these are: agreed ‘gold standards’ around datasets and methodologies; full transparency around the calculation and derivation of research-related indicators; and a strategy and roadmap to take the discipline of scientific indicators and research assessment to a more robust and sustainable place.
A genomic atlas of human adrenal and gonad development
Authors: del Valle Ignacio , Buonocore Federica , Duncan Andrew J. , Lin Lin , Barenco Martino , Parnaik Rahul , Shah Sonia , Hubank Mike , Gerrelli Dianne , Achermann John C. 
Published: April 2017

Background: In humans, the adrenal glands and gonads undergo distinct biological events between 6-10 weeks post conception (wpc), such as testis determination, the onset of steroidogenesis and primordial germ cell development. However, relatively little is currently known about the genetic mechanisms underlying these processes. We therefore aimed to generate a detailed genomic atlas of adrenal and gonad development across these critical stages of human embryonic and fetal development.Methods: RNA was extracted from 53 tissue samples between 6-10 wpc (adrenal, testis, ovary and control). Affymetrix array analysis was performed and differential gene expression was analysed using Bioconductor. A mathematical model was constructed to investigate time-series changes across the dataset. Pathway analysis was performed using ClueGo and cellular localisation of novel factors confirmed using immunohistochemistry.Results: Using this approach, we have identified novel components of adrenal development (e.g.ASB4,NPR3) and confirmed the role ofSRYas the main human testis-determining gene. By mathematical modelling time-series data we have found new genes up-regulated withSOX9in the testis (e.g.CITED1), which may represent components of the testis development pathway. We have shown that testicular steroidogenesis has a distinct onset at around 8 wpc and identified potential novel components in adrenal and testicular steroidogenesis (e.g.MGARP,FOXO4,MAP3K15,GRAMD1B,RMND2), as well as testis biomarkers (e.g.SCUBE1). We have also shown that the developing human ovary expresses distinct subsets of genes (e.g.OR10G9,OR4D5), but enrichment for established biological pathways is limited.Conclusion: This genomic atlas is revealing important novel aspects of human development and new candidate genes for adrenal and reproductive disorders.
Complementary and alternative medicine in systemic arterial hypertension
Authors: Mantovani Maria de Fátima , Hereibi Mireille Janczyk , Arthur Juliana Perez , Mattei Ângela Taís , Madureira Alexandra Bittencourt , Ferraz Maria Isabel Raimondo 
Published: April 2017

Objective: The objective was to identify the types of complementary and alternative medicine used by patients with hypertension and factors related to their use. Methods: This is an integrative review of literature. Articles published between 2011 and 2015 were selected. The search was performed on the CAPES/MEC electronic database, and the descriptors used were: hypertension, complementary therapies, complementary remedies, flower essences, color therapy, aromatherapy, phytotherapy, chinese herbal drugs and massage. Results: In total, 343 articles were found and 6 were selected. The most frequent therapy found was phytotherapy, mainly in decoction and tea. Mostly women and married people used complementary therapies. The main related factors were conventional treatment side-effects, hope to treat the cause of the disease, and faith of cure. Conclusion: Health professionals need to know the types of therapies, their benefits, interactions and side-effects in order to guide their patients. These therapies, if complementary and properly used, can help to control blood pressure.
Hydrogenation of levulinic acid using Ru-containing catalysts based on hypercrosslinked polystyrene
Authors: Protsenko Igor I. , Nikoshvili Linda Zh. , Bykov Alexey V. , Matveeva Valentina G. , Sulman Alexandrina , Sulman Esther M. , Rebrov Evgeny V. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This work is devoted to the investigation of the possibility of the use of Ru-containing catalysts on the basis of polymeric matrix of hypercrosslinked polystyrene (HPS) in the hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) to gamma-valerolactone (GVL). HPS-based Ru-containing catalysts were synthesized at variation of HPS type (MN100 bearing amino groups or MN270 without functional groups) and metal content. Catalyst 5%-Ru/MN100 was shown to compete with commercial 5%-Ru/C and to allow carrying out the hydrogenation of LA in aqueous medium with high yields of GVL (more than 99%).
Effect of conditioning history on the characterization of hardness of thermo-mechanical densified and heat treated poplar wood
Authors: Li Tao , Cai Jia-bin , Avramidis Stavros , Cheng Da-li , Wålinder Magnus E.P. , Zhou Ding-guo 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Poplar wood was modified by a combination of thermo-mechanical densification (TMD) and heat treatment (HT) process at five temperatures ranging from 170 to 210°C. A new two-step conditioning method (CM) is suggested, in the course of which the modified wood is submitted to 50°C/99% RH→25°C/65% RH, where RH means relative humidity in the climate chamber. The traditional one-step CM (25°C/65% RH) served as reference. The effects of conditioning history on hardness were observed and analyzed along with the change of dimensional stability. The hardness of the modified wood was lower in the case of the proposed CM due to more set-recovery release, but the extent of that decreased with the HT temperature. For a good hardness, HT200°C should be selected with the proposed CM, which is different from the optimization output of 180°C obtained from the traditional CM. In conclusion, a specific assessment method for the performance characterization of this type of modified wood would be beneficial for the combined TMD and HT processes.
Das Nationaldenkmal als Projektionsfläche. Eine großdeutsche Geschichtsidee von der Romantik bis zur Wiedervereinigung
Authors: Bouwers Eveline G. 
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung
Während Ludwig I. von Bayern bei der Eröffnung der Walhalla 1842 die Hoffnung aussprach, „daß teutscher der Teutsche aus ihr trete, besser, als er gekommen [ist]“, beschrieb der Schriftsteller Karl Gutzkow dasselbe Denkmal als „Privatkapelle eines Einzelnen“ und erkannte ihm entsprechend eine öffentliche Auswirkung ab. Wie es zu diesen unterschiedlichen Bewertungen der Walhalla kam und in welcher Beziehung die wachsende Büstensammlung zu den sich verändernden Deutschlandbildern stand, wird in diesem Aufsatz analysiert. Mithilfe einer Langzeitperspektive – markiert durch den Niedergang der Monarchie, das Ende der NS-Zeit und die Wiedervereinigung – wird gezeigt, dass die Walhalla zwar immer wieder als „Nationaldenkmal“ apostrophiert wurde, doch oft für eine Vorstellung von der deutschen Nation stand, die schon aufgrund der Vielfalt vorhandener nationaler Ideen weder durchsetzbar noch mehrheitsfähig sein konnte. Nicht nur der wiederholte Bezug auf das christlich-katholische Abendland, auf die großdeutsche Idee mit Bayern im Zentrum und auf Männer, sondern auch das symbolische Ausblenden wichtiger Ereignisse der deutschen Geschichte wie die Reformation und der Holocaust schuf eine Kluft zwischen den erinnerten und sonstigen öffentlichen Nationsverständnissen. Tatsächlich wurde die in der Walhalla dargestellte Geschichtsidee von Ludwig und von denjenigen, die nach seinem Tod über die Aufnahme neuer Büsten verfügten, etwa dem bayerischen Staatsrat, der Reichskanzlei und dem Staatsministerium, vereinnahmt. Indem der Aufsatz anhand einer Analyse der Büstensammlung vor dem Hintergrund ihres gesellschaftspolitischen Umfelds die insgesamt periphere Stellung der Walhalla in der deutschen Denkmallandschaft aufzeigt, stellt er zugleich den Ertrag des Begriffs „Nationaldenkmal“ für Erinnerungskulturen, die von partikularen Interessen und einzelnen Akteuren geprägt werden, infrage.
Deutsch-deutscher Gegensatz am Volta. Kwame Nkrumahs Ghana aus der Sicht der Bundesrepublik
Authors: Landricina Matteo 
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung
Die Beziehungen der beiden deutschen Staaten zu Ghana unter der Herrschaft von Kwame Nkrumah von der Unabhängigkeit Ghanas 1957 bis zum Regimewechsel 1966, die in der Literatur als Musterbeispiel dafür zitiert werden, wie sehr der innerdeutsche Konflikt und die Hallstein-Doktrin das Verhältnis zu den blockfreien Entwicklungsländern bis 1972 prägten, sind bislang hauptsächlich aus der Sicht der DDR betrachtet worden, die in Ghana einen Schwerpunkt ihrer Politik in der Dritten Welt hatte und seit 1959 hier eine Handelsvertretung unterhielt. Wird der Fall aus westdeutscher Perspektive analysiert, erkennt man, dass, solange Ghana in den ersten Jahren der Unabhängigkeit ein westlich orientiertes Land blieb, sich die politisch-wirtschaftlichen Beziehungen zur Bundesrepublik nur schleppend fortentwickelten, da Bonn die britische Vormachtstellung nicht herausfordern wollte. Als seit Ende der 1950er Jahre die bundesdeutsche Präsenz sich im antikommunistischen Sinn erweitern durfte, fuhr diese dann hauptsächlich im US-amerikanischen Fahrwasser. Zwar konnte die Bundesrepublik zuweilen von Washingtons Einfluss profitieren, wurde aber deswegen von Ghanas Regierung als integraler Bestandteil der Westblocks wahrgenommen und musste in Phasen der allgemeinen antiwestlichen Stimmung oft harsche mediale und politische Angriffe über sich ergehen lassen, die von der DDR angeheizt wurden. Erst in den letzten zwei Jahren des Nkrumah-Regimes, nach dem Eklat wegen der Eröffnung der ghanaischen Handels- und Wirtschaftsmission in Ostberlin, entwickelte Bonns Diplomatie eine gewisse Eigeninitiative, mit der sie versuchte, dem Erpressungspotential der engen Beziehungen zwischen Accra und Pankow entgegenzuwirken. Die Gefahr einer Aufwertung der DDR-Vertretung wurde jedoch erst mit dem Fall Nkrumahs endgültig gebannt, bis schließlich 1972 die Hallstein-Ära zu Ende ging und Accra die Beziehungen zu Ostberlin normalisieren konnte.
Identification and Classification of Three Iranian Rice Varieties in Mixed Bulks Using Image Processing and MLP Neural Network
Authors: Fayyazi Saeideh , Abbaspour-Fard Mohammad Hossein , Rohani Abbas , Monadjemi S. Amirhassan , Sadrnia Hassan 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Due to variation in economic value of different varieties of rice, reports indicating the possibility of mixing different varieties on the market. Applying machine vision techniques to classify rice varieties is a method which can increase the accuracy of classification process in real applications. In this study, several morphological and textural features of rice seeds’ images were examined to evaluate their efficacy in identification of three Iranian rice varieties (Tarom, Fajr, Shiroodi) in their mixed samples. On the whole, 666 images of rice seeds (222 images of each variety) were acquired at a stable illumination condition and totally, 17 morphological and 41 textural features were extracted from seeds images. Principal component analysis (PCA) method was employed to select and rank the most significant features for the classification. Subsequently, the MLP neural network classifier was employed for classification of rice varieties in the mixed bulks of three and two varieties, using top selected features. The network was three-layered feed forward type and trained using two training algorithms (BB and BDLRF). The classification accuracy of 55.93, 84.62 and 82.86 % for Fajr, Tarom and Shiroodi, 86.96 and 93.02 % for Fajr and Shiroodi, 86.84 and 96.08 % for Tarom and Shiroodi and 91.49 and 95.24 % for Fajr and Tarom were obtained in test phase, respectively.
Observing slope stability changes on the basis of tilt and hydrologic measurements
Authors: Mentes Gy. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In Hungary, the high loess bank of the River Danube in Dunaszekcső has been moving with varying rate since 2007. On the high bank a geodetic monitoring network was established in September 2007. At the same time two borehole tiltmeters and later two ground water level sensors were also installed. The high-sensitive tiltmeters made it possible to study the relationships between the small tilts of the high bank and the ground water levels and the water level of the River Danube. Results of the multiple regression analysis between tilt components and water levels showed that the temporal variation of the regression coefficients is in close connection with the stability of the high bank. The investigations also showed that the movements are in very strong connection with the variation of the ground water level and less depend on the variation of the water level of the River Danube. The characteristic tilt processes, 3–4 weeks before large movements, and the slope stability changes inferred from the relationships between tilts and water level variations can be useful for early warning of landslides.
Phellinus rimosus improves mitochondrial energy status and attenuates nephrotoxicity in diabetic rats
Authors: Rony K.A. , Ajith T.A. , Kuttikadan Tony A. , Blaze R. , Janardhanan K.K. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Background:
Mitochondrial dysfunction and increase in reactive oxygen species during diabetes can lead to pathological consequences in kidneys. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of Phellinus rimosus in the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat renal mitochondria and the possible mechanism of protection.

Methods:

Phellinus rimosus (50 and 250 mg/kg, p.o) was treated after inducing diabetes by STZ (45 mg/kg, i.p) in rats. The serum samples were subjected to creatinine and urea estimation. Mitochondrial antioxidant status such as mitochondrial superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and reduced glutathione; adenosine triphosphate level; and lipid peroxidation were measured. The activities of Krebs cycle enzymes such as isocitrate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase as well as mitochondrial complexes I, III, and IV in kidney mitochondria were also determined.

Results:
Administration of P. rimosus (250 mg/kg b.wt) once daily for 30 days, significantly (p<0.05) enhanced the activities of Krebs cycle dehydrogenases, mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes, and ATP level. Further, P. rimosus had significantly protected the renal mitochondrial antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation.

Conclusions:
The results of the study concluded that by limiting the extent of renal mitochondrial damage in the hyperglycemic state, P. rimosus alleviated nephrotoxicity.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[μ2-2,2′-(1,3-phenylene)diacetato-κ4
O,O′:O′′,O′′′)-(μ2-1,6-bis(2-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)hexane-κ2
N:N′)cadmium(II)], C32H34CdN4O4
Authors: Liu Lu , Xu Chunying , Gao Huiling , Zhang Yuping 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
C32H34CdN4O4, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 10.120(2) Å, b = 12.223(2) Å, c = 13.403(3) Å, α = 105.70(3)°, β = 98.41(3)°, γ = 108.04(3)°, V = 1468.9(7) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0625, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1721, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of ethyl 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4 carboxylate, C12H12ClN3O2
Authors: Brito Iván , Kesternich Victor , Pérez-Fehrmann Marcia , Bugueño Andrea , Araneda Catherine , Cárdenas Alejandro 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
C12H12ClN3O2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 13.5673(5) Å, b = 7.7549(3) Å, c = 12.4911(5) Å, β = 102.468(2)°, V = 1283.23(9) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.047, wRref
(F
2) = 0.123, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of tetrakis(μ
2-3,3-dimethylacrylato-κ
2
O,O′)-bis(2-aminopyrimidine-κN) dicopper(II), C28H38Cu2N6O8
Authors: Kang Jaeun , Kim Minji , Ok Kang Min , Do Junghwan 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
C28H38Cu2N6O8, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 10.6191(1) Å, b = 14.6736(2) Å, c = 11.6519(2) Å, β = 111.056(1)°, V = 1694.38(4) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0298, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0871, T = 296 K.
Hippocampal BDNF in physiological conditions and social isolation
Authors: Zaletel Ivan , Filipović Dragana , Puškaš Nela 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Exposure of an organism to chronic psychosocial stress may affect brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression that has been implicated in the etiology of psychiatric disorders, such as depression. Given that depression in humans has been linked with social stress, the chronic social stress paradigms for modeling psychiatric disorders in animals have thus been developed. Chronic social isolation in animal models generally causes changes in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning, associated with anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors. Also, this chronic stress causes downregulation of BDNF protein and mRNA in the hippocampus, a stress-sensitive brain region closely related to the pathophysiology of depression. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge regarding the structure, function, intracellular signaling, inter-individual differences and epigenetic regulation of BDNF in both physiological conditions and depression and changes in corticosterone levels, as a marker of stress response. Since BDNF levels are age dependent in humans and rodents, this review will also highlight the effects of adolescent and adult chronic social isolation models of both genders on the BDNF expression.
On the ‘data stirring’ role of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus
Authors: Legéndy Charles R. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractUnderstanding hippocampal (HC) function, as it is presently known, includes exploring the HC role in episodic memory storage. As pointed out by Teyler and DiScenna in the 1980s, the apparatus needed for recalling a stored episode, and awakening all its components in a coordinated manner, by necessity includes a triggering device able to reach each of the mental entities that must be awakened. In the context of neuronal networks, the triggering device in question takes the form of a large cell assembly, a separate one made for every new episode stored. The present paper deals with the creation and the properties of these cell assemblies (‘pointer groups’). To perform the function of episodic memory retrieval, each of these must possess the information capacity (entropy) enabling it to single out an episode and the network connections enabling it to reach all components of it; further, to deal with the unpredictability of the memory items it has to address, it must have its member neurons well distributed through the length of the network (the HC). The requirements imply that the creation of a pointer group must include a randomizing step analogous to ‘stirring’. It is argued that many of the known peculiarities of granule cells in the dentate gyrus arise as solutions to the practical problems presented by the creation of the pointer groups and the details of ‘stirring’, and so do a series of other features of the HC network, some of them only discovered in the last few years.