bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbial biodiversity in arable soils is affected by agricultural practices
Authors: Wolińska Agnieszka , Górniak Dorota , Zielenkiewicz Urszula , Goryluk-Salmonowicz Agata , Kuźniar Agnieszka , Stępniewska Zofia , Błaszczyk Mieczysław 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the differences in microbial community structure as a result of agricultural practices. Sixteen samples of cultivated and the same number of non-cultivated soils were selected. Gel bands were identified using the GelCompar software to create the presence-absence matrix, where each band represented a bacterial operational taxonomic unit. The data were used for principal-component analysis and additionally, the Shannon- Weaver index of general diversity, Simpson index of dominance and Simpson index of diversity were calculated. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles clearly indicated differentiation of tested samples into two clusters: cultivated and non-cultivated soils. Greater numbers of dominant operational taxonomic units (65) in non-cultivated soils were noted compared to cultivated soils (47 operational taxonomic units). This implies that there was a reduction of dominant bacterial operational taxonomic units by nearly 30% in cultivated soils. Simpson dominance index expressing the number of species weighted by their abundance amounted to 1.22 in cultivated soils, whereas a 3-fold higher value (3.38) was observed in non-cultivated soils. Land-use practices seemed to be a important factors affected on biodiversity, because more than soil type determined the clustering into groups.
Accumulation of biomass and bioenergy in culms of cereals as a factor of straw cutting height
Authors: Zając Tomasz , Synowiec Agnieszka , Oleksy Andrzej , Macuda Jan , Klimek-Kopyra Agnieszka , Borowiec Franciszek 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Cereal straw is an important biomass source in Europe. This work assessed: 1) the morphological and energetic characteristics of culms of spring and winter cereals, 2) the energy deposited in the different aboveground parts of cereals, 3) losses of energy due to different cutting heights. The straw of winter and spring cereals was collected from arable fields during the seasons 2009/10 and 2010/11 in southern Poland. Detailed biometric measurements of culms and internodes were performed. The losses of straw biomass and energy were assessed during simulation of cutting the culm at different heights, up to 50 cm. Longer and heavier culms were developed by winter wheat and triticale and oat. Cutting of straw up to 10 cm did not lead to significant losses in straw yield. The total amount of energy in the culms was as follows: triticale > winter wheat > oat > spring wheat > winter barley > spring barley. Cutting the culms above 20 cm led to significant differences in terms of biomass energy between cereal species. The smallest losses of energy were recorded for spring and winter barley. Oat and barley accumulated the highest energy in grains.
Influence of wood-derived biochar on the compactibility and strength of silt loam soil
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed , Gariepy Yvan , Raghavan Vijaya 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Biochar is proven to enhance soil fertility and increase crop productivity. Given that the influence of biochar on soil compaction remains unclear, selected physico-mechanical properties of soil amended with wood-derived biochar were assessed. For unamended silt loam, the bulk density, maximum bulk density, optimum moisture content, plastic limit, liquid limit, and plasticity index were 1.05 Mg m-3, 1.69 Mg m-3, 16.55, 17.1, 29.3, and 12.2%, respectively. The penetration resistance and shear strength of the unamended silt loam compacted in the standard compaction Proctor mold and at its optimum moisture content were 1800 kPa and 850 kPa, respectively. Results from amending the silt loam with 10% particle size ranges (0.5-212 μm) led to relative decreases of 18.1, 17.75, 66.66, and 97.4% in bulk density, maximum bulk density, penetration resistance, and shear strength, respectively; a 26.8% relative increase in optimum moisture content; along with absolute increases in plastic limit, liquid limit, and plasticity index of 5.3, 13.7, and 8.4%, respectively. While the biochar-amended silt loam soil was more susceptible to compaction, however, soil mechanical impedance enhanced.
Original article. Protective effect of resveratrol against neuronal damage through oxidative stress in cerebral hemisphere of aluminum and fluoride treated rats
Authors: Nalagoni Chandra Shakar Reddy , Karnati Pratap Reddy 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Aluminum has no defined biological function and it is potentially involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, the presence of fluoride causes more aluminum to accumulate in the brain, resulting in increased neuronal damage. In recent years, resveratrol through its ameliorative effects was found to be a neuroprotectant. This study reports the protective effects of resveratrol on combined aluminum and fluoride induced neuronal damage through oxidative stress in rats. Protective effects of resveratrol (30 mg/kg b.w) on markers of oxidative stress were determined in rats exposed to aluminum chloride (100 mg/kg b.w) along with sodium fluoride (10 mg/kg b.w) for 8 weeks. The results showed a statistically significant (p<0.05) increase in lipid peroxidation (LPx) as well as a significant (p<0.05) decrease in superoxide dismutase and catalase activity. Enlarged cells, neurofibrillary tangles, and vacuolar spaces showing oxidative stress in the cerebral cortex were also observed in hematoxylin and eosin stained sections in aluminum and fluoride treated rats. Administration of resveratrol along with aluminum + fluoride showed significant reversal of oxidative stress and neuronal damage in rats. Thus resveratrol potentially acts as a neuroprotectant against aluminum chloride + sodium fluoride induced neuronal damage through its anti-oxidant efficacy.
Discrete Language Units: The Case of a Czech Circumfix
Authors: Čermák František 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Next to multiword lexemes, such as idioms, discrete units may be found on a lower, i.e. a morphological level in language. A notable, rather widespread but neglected field is represented by circumfixes. i.e. discrete combinations of morphemes, such as the German
gesprochen
standing before and after a lexical morpheme, a stable combination of a prefix and suffix having a stable and fixed meaning and or function. A few examples in various languages as a general classification of this are briefly shown to indicate that the phenomenon of circumfix is by no means rare. In what follows a detailed analysis of a single Czech case of the circumfix
z--lý
is offered (such as in zhrublý, zesinalý), relating to verb bases. Here, both the regular and anomalous cases is pointed at and commented briefly upon.
Antioxidant and antiproliferative potentials of methanol extract of Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich in PC-3 and LNCaP cells
Authors: Adaramoye Oluwatosin Adekunle , Erguen Bettina , Nitzsche Bianca , Höpfner Michael , Jung Klaus , Rabien Anja 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Background:
Our previous studies showed that fruit methanol extract from Xylopia aethiopica (MEXA) exhibited antiproliferative activity in human cervical cancer cells via the induction of apoptosis. The present study was designed to assess the antiproliferative, antiangiogenic and antioxidant effects of MEXA on prostate cancer (PCa) cells (PC-3 and LNCaP).

Methods:
PC-3 and LNCaP cells were cultured and treated with MEXA (10, 50 and 100 μg/mL). The sodium 3′-[1-(phenylaminocarbonyl)-3,4-tetrazolium]-bis (4-methoxy-6-nitro) benzene sulfonic acid hydrate (XTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays were used to evaluate cell viability and cytotoxicity, respectively. DNA fragmentation was determined by cell death detection ELISA plus, and angiogenesis was assessed by chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. The antioxidant activities of MEXA were determined by DPPH and hydroxyl (OH) radicals’ scavenging methods as well as through the inhibition of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in rats’ liver homogenate.

Results:
MEXA at 100, 250 and 500 μg/mL scavenged DPPH by 48%, 62%, 70% and OH radical by 39%, 58%, 67%, respectively. MEXA significantly (p<0.05) inhibited LPO in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, MEXA had antiproliferative effects on PC-3 and LNCaP with IC50 of 62.1 and 73.6 μg/mL, respectively, at 96 h. The LDH assay showed that MEXA had low toxicity in vitro at its IC50 values. The extent of DNA fragmentation by MEXA showed higher values in PC-3 and LNCaP, suggesting the possible induction of apoptosis. In contrast, MEXA did not affect the network of vessels in CAM, thus lacking anti-angiogenic property.

Conclusions:
These findings suggest that MEXA induces antiproliferative activity in PCa cells through a mechanism that involves apoptosis. Therefore, MEXA may be a potential therapeutic agent for PCa.
XBRL Implementation in the Banking Sector in Montenegro
Authors: Martić Vladan , Lalević-Filipović Ana , Radović Milivoje 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The EXtensible Business Reporting Language – XBRL appeared in the beginning of the 21st century and it represents one of the most important technological innovations in financial reporting, collecting and exchanging data since the introduction of electronic spreadsheets. However, although the XBRL standard is globally accepted, and it has been proved to be a standard sui generis, the implementation of the standard has not yet become a reality in Montenegro and the region. In this context, the goal of this article is to evaluate a new and, for our conditions unexplored, area from the point of application of modern methods of accounting theory and practice, highlighting both positive and negative aspects. This research is getting prominence having in mind that the EU integration process which Montenegro has already started would affect all areas of socioeconomic life and development, especially in terms of accounting practices harmonization.
Estimating Probability of Default on Peer to Peer Market – Survival Analysis Approach
Authors: Đurović Andrija 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Arguably a cornerstone of credit risk modelling is the probability of default. This article aims is to search for the evidence of relationship between loan characteristics and probability of default on peer-to-peer (P2P) market. In line with that, two loan characteristics are analysed: 1) loan term length and 2) loan purpose. The analysis is conducted using survival analysis approach within the vintage framework. Firstly, 12 months probability of default through the cycle is used to compare riskiness of analysed loan characteristics. Secondly, log-rank test is employed in order to compare complete survival period of cohorts. Findings of the paper suggest that there is clear evidence of relationship between analysed loan characteristics and probability of default. Longer term loans are more risky than the shorter term ones and the least risky loans are those used for credit card payoff.
On the ga-marked subject: Its syntactic and semantic characteristics
Authors: Inoue Kazuko 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
According to Kayne's (1994) Linear Correspondence Axiom (LCA) languages with configurational structures are expected to derive fixed word order. Hungarian is a typical example, deriving a fixed word order while retaining configurational structures. The moment Hungarian loses its configurational structure it yields free word order. This paper claims that there are languages with configurational structures, yet which allow free word order. Kuroda's dichotomy into “agreement forced and non-forced” languages accounts for this phenomenon. Agreement forced languages like English keep fixed word order, because the subject must occupy the position of the Specifier of Tense Phrase (TP-Spec) to get its features to agree with those of Tense in terms of person, number and gender. Agreement non-forced languages like Japanese allow any argument to fill the TP-Spec position, giving rise to free word order with configurational structures. Contrary to LCA, configurational structures do not necessarily result in fixed word order.
Marking or not marking? How is number construal understood in Japanese?
Authors: Minagawa Harumi 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Using natural data and a set of clearly defined criteria to select 808 target examples, this study investigates several claims made by researchers concerning number interpretation in Japanese, including the claim that for noun phrases unmarked for number, if a number construal is possible in their interpretation, then in the majority of cases number is clearly determinable as either singular or plural (Jarkey and Moore 2001); that context plays a crucial role in determining number (Umegaki 1961, Tamamura 1986, Jarkey and Moore 2001, and Mizuguchi 2004) and hence there is little need for regular explicit number marking (Okutsu 1986, Tamamura 1986); and that nouns unmarked for number tend to be interpreted as referring to a single entity (Okutsu 1986 and Moore 2004). Among other things discussed, this study confirms the marginal proportion of readings having indeterminacy of number and the high proportion of singular readings of nouns unmarked for number. The study, however, suggests evaluating with caution the claim that number interpretation relies heavily on context, pointing out that the validity of such a claim depends on how ‘context’ is defined. Tamamura’s claim that explicit marking for plurality is rarely required in Japanese is also challenged on the basis of statistical data.
Mora clipping of loanwords in Japanese
Authors: Irwin Mark 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Loanwords in Japanese undergo a variety of truncation processes, including mora-clipping. Mora-clipping can itself be subdivided into back- (e.g. čokoreeto > čoko ‘chocolate’), fore- (wanisu > nisu ‘varnish’) and mid-clipping (moruhine > mohi ‘morphine’). Although back-clipping is the unmarked process, this paper seeks to answer a major issue as yet unresolved in the literature: at which mora are back-, fore- and mid-clippings typically clipped, and why? Although previous studies have claimed that syllable structure plays a major role, many exceptions remain unexplained.
Three uses of kata ‘person’ in Japanese
Authors: Hudson Mutsuko Endo 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The present article analyzes the use of kata ‘person’ in contemporary Japanese. The main data of the study are the speech of students talking to professors in 12 videotaped conversations. An examination of the data reveals three usages of kata, serving exalting, beautifying and ‘buffer’ functions. The exalting usage is the traditional classification of kata (sonkeigo), a type of referent honorific, while the other two are addressee honorifics. These additions reflect the general shift from referent-controlled to addressee-controlled honorification. One possible motivation for using the beautifying and ‘buffer’ types is the ease of showing politeness, instead of converting the predicate into honorific forms. It was also found that students used hito ‘person (NEUTRAL)’ and ko ‘child, kid,’ in addition to kata. The distinction suggests a possible tendency for kata to be used for out-group social superiors, hito for people in general, and ko for in-group social equals and subordinates.
The kono … noni construction: A semantic, syntactic and pragmatic analysis
Authors: Minagawa Harumi 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This study examines the kono … noni construction from semantic, syntactic and pragmatic dimensions. It suggests that this construction as a whole expresses a concessive meaning of an unexpected event happening in a temporary and generally perceived adverse situation which the speaker is currently in. It proposes common semantic characteristics of the adjectives that are allowed to occur in this construction, clarifies the function of the proximal demonstrative kono, which expresses a sense of personal connection to an event, and shows the compositional nature of noni, in which no denotes a duration within this construction. It also suggests that speaker disapproval is strongly associated with the construction, while such meaning is not inherent in the construction itself.
Extended discourse in first and second language acquisition: A challenge and an opportunity
Authors: Snow Catherine E. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
First language learners acquire vocabulary in the context of participation in discourse, and the quantity and richness of that discourse is the best predictor of their progress. Similarly, we argue, engagement in discourse, in particular debate and discussion, is an effective component of classroom instruction for second and foreign language learners. Evidence supporting the effectiveness of a particular discussion-based program, Word Generation, is presented, in particular its effectiveness with current and former second language learners of English. Principles implemented in Word Generation that could be applied in any educational setting are identified.
Aspects of scientific Japanese revealed by JECPRESE
Authors: Hayashi Hiroko , Noguchi Judy 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This study examines the language used by researchers in science and engineering, where clarity is essential. We prepared The Japanese-English Corpus of Presentations in Science and Engineering (JECPRESE) to examine how language is used in science and engineering to clearly and accurately present information. JECPRESE contains transcriptions of presentations given in Japanese and English by researchers. Analyses revealed vagueness in Japanese arising from the tendencies of the Japanese language to sometimes omit subjects and to lack specificity in conveying discourse strategies, verb tense, and mood. Such vagueness is considered to have roots in traditional Japanese society and culture that aim to maintain harmony in a community. However, in an age of global communications, this can be an obstacle to projecting an understandable message. Suggestions are made as to how to make scientific Japanese present clearer messages to a professional community based on linguistic considerations.
Minimal Entropy Production and Efficiency of Energy Conversion in Nonlinear Thermoelectric Systems with Two Temperatures
Authors: Rogolino Patrizia , Sellitto Antonio , Cimmelli Vito Antonio 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this paper we determine the physical conditions ensuring that the efficiency of a thermoelectric nanowire with two temperatures is optimal. We consider the case in which the entropy for unitary volume depends on the equilibrium variables only, and the case in which such a quantity depends on the dissipative fluxes, too. We prove that in these two different situations the conditions of optimal efficiency are different.
The laboratory control of anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis during the early postpartum period after cesarean delivery
Authors: Koltsova Ekaterina M. , Balandina Anna N. , Grischuk Konstantin I. , Shpilyuk Margarita A. , Seregina Elena A. , Dashkevich Natalia M. , Poletaev Alexander V. , Pyregov Alexey V. , Sukhih Gennady T. , Serebriyskiy Ilya I. , Ataullakhanov Fazly I. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Introduction:
The incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after cesarean section is up to 0.6%, and the widespread use of cesarean section draws attention to this group. The dosage and duration of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) prophylaxis after delivery is estimated by anamnestic risk-scales; however, the predictive potency for an individual patient’s risk can be low. Laboratory hemostasis assays are expected to solve this problem. The aim of this study was to estimate the potency of tests to reflect the coagulation state of patients receiving LMWH in the early postpartum period.

Materials and methods:
We conducted an observational study on 97 women undergoing cesarean section. Standard coagulation tests (Fg, APTT, prothrombin, D-dimer), an anti-Xa assay, rotation thromboelastometry and thrombodynamics/thrombodynamics-4D were performed. Coagulation assay parameters were compared in groups formed in the presence or absence of LMWH to estimate the laboratory assays’ sensitivity to anticoagulation.

Results:
Coagulation assays revealed hypercoagulation after delivery and a tendency toward normalization of coagulation during early postpartum. The thromboprophylaxis results revealed a higher percentage of coagulation parameters within the normal range in the LMWH group.

Conclusion:
This research is potentially beneficial for the application of thrombodynamics and thrombodynamics-4D in monitoring coagulation among patients with high VTE risk who receive thromboprophylaxis with heparin.
Palaeontological analysis of Middle Miocene siltstones at Wiślica (Carpathian Foredeep, Poland)
Authors: Płonka Katarzyna 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Middle Miocene siltstones of the Skawina Formation that crop out at Wiślica, within the axial part of the Carpathian Foredeep in Poland, were analysed. The deposits studied contain numerous benthic and planktonic foraminifera, ostracods, echinoid spines, bryozoans, bivalves and otoliths. The fossils recognised document an early ‘Badenian’ (= Lang-hian in the Mediterranean area), or, more precisely, ‘Moravian’ age of the deposit. Palaeoecological analysis suggests normal-marine conditions with full salinity. The studied siltstones were deposited from middle–lower shoreface to lower–offshore, warm surface water and locally suboxic to dysoxic conditions in the sediment.
An efficient and convenient aldol addition of acyldiazomethane with aldehydes promoted by MgI2 etherate
Authors: Xie Xiaoqiang , Qi Weipeng , Sun Xinzhe , Zhang Xingxian 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe aldol addition of acyldiazomethane with aromatic aldehydes, vinyl aldehyde and aliphatic aldehydes was carried out efficiently in the presence of MgI
Militärische Strategie und christliche Propaganda
Authors: Freller Thomas 
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung
Im Zuge der erst in den letzten Jahrzehnten auf solide wissenschaftliche Grundlage gestellten Forschungen zum Wesen der Konvertiten und Renegaten geriet auch Osman, später »Padre Ottomano« genannt, – ein angeblicher Sohn von Sultan Ibrahim I. – wieder in das Blickfeld internationaler Aufmerksamkeit. Dabei wurden vor allem seine Gefangennahme durch die Malteserritter im September 1644, der damit geschaffene Vorwand des osmanischen Angriffs auf das damals venezianisch besetzte Kreta und seine folgende Karriere im Dominikanerorden im Kontext des geistigen Klimas der Gegenreformation diskutiert. Die aktive Einbeziehung des Padre Ottomano in militärstrategische Konzepte zu einem Entsatz der von den Osmanen belagerten Hauptstadt Kretas, das damals venezianische Kandia (Candia/Kandiye), sowie seine Tätigkeiten als agent provocateur zur Aufwiegelung der Bevölkerung Griechenlands und des Balkans und damit zur Errichtung einer zweiten Front wurden bisher nicht untersucht. Der vorliegende Beitrag versucht, dieses Desiderat der Forschungen zur Militärgeschichte des Mittelmeers – und durch die Teilnahme bayerischer, braunschweigischer, niedersächsischer und westfälischer Truppenverbände auch Deutschlands – anhand bisher nicht ausgewerteter Archivalien und mittlerweile erschienener Quelleneditionen zu schließen. Dabei wird auch das militärische Scheitern dieser Pläne um den Padre Ottomano im Kontext der englischen, niederländischen und französischen Handelsinteressen diskutiert.
The crystal structure of tert-butyl 2,6-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazole-5(4H)-carboxylate, C10H15N3O2
Authors: Wang Kun-Yan , Yang Xiao-Li 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
C10H15N3O2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 10.9501(14) Å, b = 9.2193(9) Å, c = 11.2149(14) Å, β = 103.648(4), V = 1100.2(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0476, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1054, T = 296(2) K.