bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coronary artery disease risk prediction by combined stratification of low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol and high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol levels across different glucose statuses
Authors: Yachida Junko , Fujihara Kazuya , Harada Yamada Mayuko , Kobayashi Ayako , Khin Lay Mon , Takizawa Hiroki , Yamamoto Masahiko , Kitazawa Masaru , Matsubayashi Yasuhiro , Yamada Takaho , Kodama Satoru , Sone Hirohito 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimTo investigate the association between low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐C) levels and coronary artery disease (CAD) incidence based on combining high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (HDL‐C) levels and glucose status.Materials and MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, we used data from a nationwide claims database (1,524,289 individuals without a history of CAD or familial hypercholesterolaemia; 2008–2019). Cox proportional hazards modelling identified the risk of incident CAD by a novel combination of four HDL‐C levels, seven LDL‐C levels and glucose status.ResultsDuring the follow‐up period (mean: 5.5 years), 8301 (0.99/1000 person‐years) events occurred. The risk of CAD increased from lower LDL‐C levels accompanied by lower HDL‐C levels regardless of the glucose status. Using the most favourable levels of HDL‐C and LDL‐C (i.e. 60–99 mg/dL and <80 mg/dL, respectively) as references, the hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for the group with HDL‐C levels <40 mg/dL and LDL‐C levels <80 mg/dL were 2.74 (1.47–5.11), 2.52 (1.30–4.91) and 2.85 (1.68–4.84) for normoglycaemia, borderline glycaemia and diabetes, respectively. Comparison of the most favourable levels of HDL‐C and LDL‐C with their least favourable levels (i.e. <40 mg/dL and 180–199 mg/dL, respectively) revealed that the risk of new‐onset CAD exhibited a 19‐, nine‐ and seven‐fold increase in individuals with normoglycaemia, borderline glycaemia and diabetes, respectively.ConclusionsTo prevent CAD, LDL‐C levels should be strictly controlled in patients with low HDL‐C levels regardless of glucose tolerance. Individualized treatment, which involves setting target LDL‐C levels based on glucose tolerance and HDL‐C values, is required.
A diversionary benevolent media strategy: Lobbying Saudi Arabia's humanitarian aid in Arabic and English
Authors: Kertcher Chen , Lewin Roi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHumanitarian aid is often accompanied by broad media coverage. In academic research, there is a dominant bias toward Western studies on the topic. Following studies that emphasize the negative role of autocratic regimes using their media to frame threats as an intra‐state diversionary strategy, this study contributes to our understating of how autocratic regimes use the media and illuminates how they employ a diversionary benevolent strategy in the media through framing humanitarian activities. We illustrate this theory by using the case of media strategy models used by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) that frame its provision of humanitarian aid to global and national audiences. The empirical approach is based on an analysis of 263 articles from four leading Saudi newspapers published online in English and Arabic. The result indicates that the KSA encourages two different diversionary benevolent strategies. The first strategy is aimed at increasing the KSAs international community prestige, focusing on mediatization that depicts its alliance with global efforts while employing “threat” strategy towards its adversaries. The second strategy is aimed mainly at Saudi nationals with the purpose of increasing their support of the royal family.
Quality and Reliability of YouTube Video Contents About Sports Mouthguards: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Gezer Ilke , Saygili Selin , Gunver Mehmet Guven , Kasimoglu Yelda , Tuna‐Ince Elif Bahar 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundSports dentistry aims to prevent and manage orofacial injuries, tooth fractures, tooth loss, and soft tissue trauma during sport activities. Mouthguards are appliances that protect athletes from dental trauma during contact sports. The video‐sharing platform YouTube has a large number of informative videos about mouthguards. This study aimed to analyze the quality, accuracy, and reliability of YouTube videos about mouthguards, investigate the relationship between the features and the quality of mouthguard videos on YouTube, and provide suggestions for future informative content about mouthguards and sports dentistry.Materials and MethodsThe first 100 videos for each keyword from YouTube were collected using the keywords “mouthguard,” “sports mouthguard,” and “mouthguard and dental trauma.” Videos meeting the inclusion criteria were categorized based on publisher (dental professionals and nonprofessionals) and type (animation/slideshow, interview, and product introduction). Video features were recorded. Video content quality, reliability, and accuracy were measured by the Video Information and Quality Index (VIQI), the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmarks, the DISCERN Instrument, the Global Quality Scale (GQS), and the usefulness score. Data were analyzed using SPSS (IBM 29.0) at a 95% statistical significance level (p = 0.05).ResultsOut of 300 videos, 80 videos were included. Most of the videos were uploaded by dental professionals (n = 49). The average values of the VIQI, JAMA, DISCERN, and GQS scores were 15.33 out of 20.0, 1.38 out of 4.00, 49.24 out of 80.0, and 2.99 out of 5.00, respectively. Videos uploaded by dental professionals had significantly higher scores in VIQI, JAMA, DISCERN, GQS, and usefulness scores but exhibited a lower number of likes, comments, and views (p < 0.05). Of all included videos, 51% (n = 41) were categorized as “moderately useful” and 10% (n = 8) as “very useful.”ConclusionsMouthguard videos uploaded by dental professionals are more useful, accurate, and of higher quality. Therefore, patients should consider the information shared by dental professionals. Greater participation from dentists in sharing high‐quality content would be beneficial.
Prevalence and characteristics of visual snow syndrome in a cohort of young Italian adults
Authors: Romozzi Marina , Trigila Vincenzo , Tosto Federico , Cuffaro Giovanni , García‐Azorín David , Iannone Luigi Francesco , Romozzi Pietro , Savino Gustavo , Calabresi Paolo , Puledda Francesca , Vollono Catello 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundVisual snow (VS) and visual snow syndrome (VSS) are becoming increasingly recognized. However, their prevalence worldwide is unknown. This study aimed to investigate lifetime prevalence and describe the clinical characteristics of VS and VSS in a representative population sample from Italy.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted among students attending different faculties in three universities in the central and southern regions of Italy. Eligible participants completed a self‐administered questionnaire. In patients fulfilling possible criteria for VS/VSS, the diagnosis was validated by an on‐site visit conducted by experienced neurologists and neuro‐ophthalmologists that included optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).ResultsA total of 750 participants completed the study. Seven (0.9%) reported symptoms compatible with VS (mean age 24.8 ± 3.85 years). Among the seven patients, five (0.7%) also met the phenomenological and temporal criteria for VSS. Neuroimaging and ophthalmological examinations showed normal results upon review or during the on‐site visit including OCTA. For the five patients with full VSS, the other visual symptoms reported were enhanced entoptic phenomenon (n = 5), photophobia (n = 5), palinopsia (n = 1), and nyctalopia (n = 4). In four of the seven patients (57%) reporting VS symptoms, there was a concomitant diagnosis of migraine with aura, and in one (14%) migraine without aura. All patients (n = 7) reported tinnitus. Six of the seven (85.7%) patients with VS/VSS had never used specific treatments for the condition. None of the seven patients had received a previous diagnosis of VS/VSS.ConclusionsThe prevalence in Italy of VSS is around 1%. However, there is a limited tendency for affected individuals to seek medical attention, leading to a low rate of diagnosis and treatment.
Consensus‐based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety and depression in children and adolescents with epilepsy: A report from the Psychiatric Pediatric Issues Task Force of the International League Against Epilepsy
Authors: Valente Kette D. , Reilly Colin , Carvalho Rachel M. , Smith Mary Lou , Mula Marco , Wirrell Elaine C. , Wilmshurst Jo M. , Jetté Nathalie , Brigo Francesco , Kariuki Symon M. , Fong Choong Yi , Wang Yuan‐Pang , Polanczyk Guilherme V. , Castanho Viviane , Demarchi Izabel G. , Auvin Stéphane , Kerr Mike 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Psychiatric Pediatric Issues Task Force of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) aimed to develop recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety and depression in children and adolescents with epilepsy. The Task Force conducted a systematic review and identified two studies that assessed the accuracy of four screening measures for depression and anxiety symptoms compared with a psychiatric interview. Nine studies met the eligibility criteria for treatment of anxiety and depressive disorders or symptoms. The risk of bias and certainty of evidence were assessed. The evidence generated by this review followed by consensus where evidence was missing generated 47 recommendations. Those with a high level of agreement (≥80%) are summarized. Diagnosis: (1) Universal screening for anxiety and depression is recommended. Closer surveillance is recommended for children after 12 years, at higher risk (e.g., suicide‐related behavior), with subthreshold symptoms, and experiencing seizure worsening or therapeutic modifications. (2) Multiple sources of ascertainment and a formal screening are recommended. Clinical interviews are recommended whenever possible. The healthcare provider must always explain that symptom recognition is essential to optimize treatment outcomes and reduce morbidity. (3) Questioning about the relationship between symptoms of anxiety or depression with seizure worsening/control and behavioral adverse effects of antiseizure medications is recommended. Treatment: (1) An individualized treatment plan is recommended. (2) For mild depression, active monitoring must be considered. (3) Referral to a mental health care provider must be considered for moderate to severe depression and anxiety. (4) Clinical care pathways must be developed. (5) Psychosocial interventions must be tailored and age‐appropriate. (6) Healthcare providers must monitor children with epilepsy who are prescribed antidepressants, considering symptoms and functioning that may not improve simultaneously. (7) Caregiver education is essential to ensure treatment adherence. (8) A shared‐care model involving all healthcare providers is recommended for children and adolescents with epilepsy and mental health disorders. We identified clinical decisions in the management of depression and anxiety that lack solid evidence and provide consensus‐based guidance to address the care of children and adolescents with epilepsy.
Influence of infill pattern and layer height on surface characteristics and fatigue behavior of FFF‐printed PEEK
Authors: Greco Alessandro , De Luca Alessandro , Gerbino Salvatore , Lamanna Giuseppe , Sepe Raffaele 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPolyEther Ether Ketone (PEEK) is a leading thermoplastic biomaterial renowned for its exceptional overall properties and suitability for processing via Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) Additive Manufacturing (AM). Despite its widespread use in industries, its fatigue behavior remains a critically underexplored aspect. This study aims to investigate the fatigue behavior of FFF‐produced PEEK, considering variations in infill pattern (triangular or rectilinear) and layer height (0.15 mm or 0.25 mm). Fatigue tests revealed a significant influence of the infill pattern on fatigue behavior, with the rectilinear pattern outperforming the triangular one. Layer height had a negligible effect when paired with rectilinear infill. Specimens with rectilinear patterns exhibited superior fatigue performance, achieving infinite fatigue life at maximum applied stress around 70% of ultimate tensile stress. Surface roughness assessment and fracture surface analysis at scanning electron microscope enhanced the interpretation of the results. This pioneering study lays the groundwork for future research in design for AM.
Living to Lithified: Construction and Preservation of Silicified Biomarkers
Authors: Rasmussen Kalen L. , Thieringer Patrick H. , Nevadomski Sophia , Martinez Aaron M. , Dawson Katherine S. , Corsetti Frank A. , Zheng Xin‐Yuan , Lv Yiwen , Chen Xinyang , Celestian Aaron J. , Berelson William M. , Rollins Nick E. , Spear John R. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTWhole microorganisms are rarely preserved in the fossil record but actively silicifying environments like hot springs provide an opportunity for microbial preservation, making silicifying environments critical for the study of microbial life through time on Earth and possibly other planetary bodies. Yet, the changes that biosignatures may undergo through lithification and burial remain unconstrained. At Steep Cone Geyser in Yellowstone National Park, we collected microbial material from (1) the living system across the active outflows, (2) the silicified areas adjacent to flows, and (3) lithified and buried material to assess the preservation of biosignatures and their changes across the lithification transect. Five biofabrics, built predominantly by Cyanobacteria Geitlerinema, Pseudanabaenaceae, and Leptolyngbya with some filamentous anoxygenic phototrophs contributions, were identified and tracked from the living system through the process of silicification/lithification. In the living systems, δ30Si values decrease from +0.13‰ in surficial waters to −2‰ in biomat samples, indicating a kinetic isotope effect potentially induced by increased association with actively growing biofabrics. The fatty acids C16:1 and iso‐C14:0 and the hydrocarbon C17:0 were disentangled from confounding signals and determined to be reliable lipid biosignatures for living biofabric builders and tenant microorganisms. Builder and tenant microbial biosignatures were linked to specific Cyanobacteria, anoxygenic phototrophs, and heterotrophs, which are prominent members of the living communities. Upon lithification and burial, silicon isotopes of silicified biomass began to re‐equilibrate, increasing from δ30Si −2‰ in living biomats to −0.55‰ in lithified samples. Active endolithic microbial communities were identified in lithified samples and were dominated by Cyanobacteria, heterotrophic bacteria, and fungi. Results indicate that distinct microbial communities build and inhabit silicified biofabrics through time and that microbial biosignatures shift over the course of lithification. These findings improve our understanding of how microbial communities silicify, the biomarkers they retain, and transitionary impacts that may occur through lithification and burial.
Climate change and deer in boreal and temperate regions: From physiology to population dynamics and species distributions
Authors: Felton Annika M. , Wam Hilde Karine , Borowski Zbigniew , Granhus Aksel , Juvany Laura , Matala Juho , Melin Markus , Wallgren Märtha , Mårell Anders 
Published: September 2024

AbstractClimate change causes far‐reaching disruption in nature, where tolerance thresholds already have been exceeded for some plants and animals. In the short term, deer may respond to climate through individual physiological and behavioral responses. Over time, individual responses can aggregate to the population level and ultimately lead to evolutionary adaptations. We systematically reviewed the literature (published 2000–2022) to summarize the effect of temperature, rainfall, snow, combined measures (e.g., the North Atlantic Oscillation), and extreme events, on deer species inhabiting boreal and temperate forests in terms of their physiology, spatial use, and population dynamics. We targeted deer species that inhabit relevant biomes in North America, Europe, and Asia: moose, roe deer, wapiti, red deer, sika deer, fallow deer, white‐tailed deer, mule deer, caribou, and reindeer. Our review (218 papers) shows that many deer populations will likely benefit in part from warmer winters, but hotter and drier summers may exceed their physiological tolerances. We found support for deer expressing both morphological, physiological, and behavioral plasticity in response to climate variability. For example, some deer species can limit the effects of harsh weather conditions by modifying habitat use and daily activity patterns, while the physiological responses of female deer can lead to long‐lasting effects on population dynamics. We identified 20 patterns, among which some illustrate antagonistic pathways, suggesting that detrimental effects will cancel out some of the benefits of climate change. Our findings highlight the influence of local variables (e.g., population density and predation) on how deer will respond to climatic conditions. We identified several knowledge gaps, such as studies regarding the potential impact on these animals of extreme weather events, snow type, and wetter autumns. The patterns we have identified in this literature review should help managers understand how populations of deer may be affected by regionally projected futures regarding temperature, rainfall, and snow.
Global suitability and spatial overlap of land‐based climate mitigation strategies
Authors: Beaury Evelyn M. , Smith Jeffrey , Levine Jonathan M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLand‐based mitigation strategies (LBMS) are critical to reducing climate change and will require large areas for their implementation. Yet few studies have considered how and where LBMS either compete for land or could be deployed jointly across the Earth's surface. To assess the opportunity costs of scaling up LBMS, we derived high‐resolution estimates of the land suitable for 19 different LBMS, including ecosystem maintenance, ecosystem restoration, carbon‐smart agricultural and forestry management, and converting land to novel states. Each 1 km resolution map was derived using the Earth's current geographic and biophysical features without socioeconomic constraints. By overlaying these maps, we estimated 8.56 billion hectares theoretically suitable for LBMS across the Earth. This includes 5.20 Bha where only one of the studied strategies is suitable, typically the strategy that involves maintaining the current ecosystem and the carbon it stores. The other 3.36 Bha is suitable for more than one LBMS, framing the choices society has among which LBMS to implement. The majority of these regions of overlapping LBMS include strategies that conflict with one another, such as the conflict between better management of existing land cover types and restoration‐based strategies such as reforestation. At the same time, we identified several agricultural management LBMS that were geographically compatible over large areas, including for example, enhanced chemical weathering and improved plantation rotations. Our analysis presents local stakeholders, communities, and governments with the range of LBMS options, and the opportunity costs associated with scaling up any given LBMS to reduce global climate change.
The Right to Rehabilitation for People With Dementia: A Codesign Approach to Barriers and Solutions
Authors: Layton Natasha , Devanny Catherine , Hill Keith , Swaffer Kate , Russell Grant , Low Lee‐Fay , Lee Den‐Ching A. , Cations Monica , Skouteris Helen , MC O'Connor Claire , Collyer Taya A. , Neves Barbara Barbosa , Andrew Nadine E. , Haines Terry , Srikanth Velandai K. , Petersen Alan , Callisaya Michele L. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionPeople with dementia of all ages have a human right to equal access to quality health care. Despite evidence regarding its effectiveness, many people living with dementia are unable to access rehabilitation for promoting function and quality of life. Conducted in Australia, this study was designed to (1) explore barriers to access to dementia rehabilitation and (2) identify solutions that improve access to rehabilitation.MethodsPeople living with dementia (n = 5) and care partners (n = 8) and health professionals (n = 13) were recruited nationally. Experience‐based codesign across three virtual workshops was used to understand barriers and design solutions to improve access to rehabilitation treatments. Socio‐ecological analyses, using the Levesque Access to Health care framework, were applied to findings regarding barriers and to aid selection of solutions.ResultsThere was high attendance (92.3%) across the three workshops. Barriers were identified at a user level (including lack of knowledge, transport, cost and difficulty navigating the health, aged care and disability sectors) and health service level (including health professional low dementia knowledge and negative attitudes, inequitable funding models and non‐existent or fragmented services). Solutions focused on widespread dementia education and training, including ensuring that people with dementia and their care partners know about rehabilitation therapies and that health professionals, aged care and disability co‐ordinators know how to refer to and deliver rehabilitation interventions. Dementia care navigators, changes to Australia's public funding models and specific dementia rehabilitation programmes were also recommended.ConclusionsBarriers to accessing rehabilitation for people with dementia exist at multiple levels and will require a whole‐community and systems approach to ensure change.Patient or Public ContributionPeople with living experience (preferred term by those involved) were involved at two levels within this research. A Chief Investigator living with dementia was involved in the design of the study and writing of the manuscript. People with living experience, care partners and service providers were participants in the codesign process to identify barriers and design potential solutions.
Hydrothermal corrosion behavior of CrN/Cr2N‐ZrN ceramic as a surrogate nuclear fuel
Authors: Chen Jia‐Hao , Zhu Lin‐Lin , Liao Ye‐Hong , Chen Xu‐Hui , Dong Chen‐Hao , Tan Xing‐Hao , Liu Hong‐Lan , Guo Wei‐Ming , Ren Qi‐Sen , Chen Ming‐Zhou , Lin Hua‐Tay 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this study, the hydrothermal corrosion behavior of zirconium nitride (ZrN) ceramics used as a surrogate nuclear fuel of UN, which were added with different amounts of CrN/Cr2N (0, 10, 20, and 30 vol.%), was investigated with the objective of increasing the loss‐of‐coolant accident (LOCA) tolerance of pressurized water reactor fuel. The ZrN‐based ceramic samples with a density exceeding 98% were fabricated by using a spark plasma sintering system at 1700°C and applied stress of 30 MPa. Following 30 min of hydrothermal corrosion at 300°C, the oxidation layer thickness of pure ZrN ceramics was 9.11 ± 1.96 µm, whereas that of 30 vol.% CrN/Cr2N‐ZrN was only 1.23 ± 0.3 µm, which indicated that CrN/Cr2N offered an excellent protection effect for ZrN. This work can, thus, provide engineering design guidance for the UN with high uranium density to increase the LOCA tolerance of current nuclear power generation systems.