bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Massive Hydraulic Fracturing Using Linear Pads in the Achimov Reservoirs at the Urengoy Field
Authors: Zolnikov Denis , Astafyev Vladimir , Eltsov Ilya , Zavyalov Nikolay , Perfilyev Dmitriy , Shturn Dmitriy , Kamenskiy Leonid 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
As the reserves of easy-to-produce hydrocarbons continue to deplete, the trend has become switching to the exploration and development of formations with much more complex geology and low reservoir properties. In many cases, commercial production from such targets is subeconomic unless enhanced oil recovery techniques are used. The Lower Cretaceous Achimov oil- and gas-bearing horizon is one such target in the West Siberian oil and gas province. Commercial production from the Achimov within the 1st Achimov Block at the Urengoy oil and gas condensate field involves massive hydraulic fracturing (MHF) treatments, which make a significant contribution to the ultimate flow rate. Based on sufficient treatment experience within a specific area, a MHF pumping program can be optimized to improve hydraulic fracturing efficiency. Linear gels used as a spacer fluid can help create the best fracture geometry and minimize the adverse impact of hydraulic fracturing fluid breakdown products on the quality of low-permeability reservoirs.
Coiled Tubing Complex Implementation at Stimulation and Testing Project of Deviated Exploration Gas Well at Chayandinskoe Oilfield, Yakutia, Russia
Authors: Kreknin S. G. , Pushnikov K. V. , Makarevich M. N. , Burdin K. , Pivovarov V. , Kuzichev B. , Novikov M. , Ronzhin K. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Recently drilled exploration well at Chayandinskoye Gas Condensate Field in East Siberia, where at the moment exploration drilling is at the final stage, was selected as a candidate to evaluate effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing stimulation to boost the production.
During the production logging and the well test on the pilot vertical section, three prolific zones were identified for further development.
As a result of several discussions with the Client and based on the preliminary data analysis, the decision was made to proceed with hydraulic fracturing treatment. Due to the remoteness of the field, unique and complicated geology and reservoir properties, it was clear that the single contactor is required who has a relevant experience and technology being capable to address the challenges and provide an integrated approach. This approach included designing fit-for-purpose well completion, multistage selective hydraulic fracturing and coiled tubing applications inclusive of capability to perform real-time downhole measurements to monitor and evaluate complex multiphase flow profile.
Company's completion segment had introduced and run 168-114mm combined premium-port liner down to 2034m MDDF equipped with 3 ports able to be shifted in open/close position, and hydraulic open-hole swelling packers to isolate annular. This type of completion allows selective or combined production from all the zones. Moreover, it enables selective stimulation of each zone, as well as selective or combined production well testing. In case of water breakthrough, knowing which zone is contributing to the water production, the premium-port can be shift closed to prolong the production without the immediate need to perform costly water shutoff treatment.
Historically hydraulic fracturing has been a very effective way of increasing production in low permeability reservoirs. Based on the job design, three treatments were performed with 39t, 95t and 20t accordingly.
Coiled Tubing services performed debris and residual proppant wellbore cleanout, multiple shifting of premium-ports, nitrogen kick off, and real-time downhole measurements of bottomhole pressure, temperature and production logging.
The remoteness of the gas condensate field and the limited timeframe created additional challenges in terms of logistics, equipment and chemicals mobilization. It was clear that the proper preparation and planning were the key to succeed. Needless to mention that the company state-of-the-art technologies, competent personnel and close collaboration between the segments and the Client were the essential part of the equation.
Well Stimulation Techniques on Carbonate Reservoirs of Eastern Siberia: Case History
Authors: Stanislav Moiseev 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
East Siberia oil-and-gas province, which has not been fully developed until now, is Russia's primary reserve for future increment and steady production of oil and gas. Relevance of Eastern Siberia oil-and-gas area (hereafter OGA) development is represented by the fact that considerable reserves of oil and gas remain unexplored at this stage.
East Siberia carbonate reservoirs are characterized by complex porosity and permeability properties associated with a variety of interstices (fissures, pores, caverns), high gas content of in-place oil and high bubble point pressure.
Core analyses for selection of hydrochloric acid compound components are essential for detailed examination of porosity and permeability properties of carbonate reservoirs.
Analyses for selection of hydrochloric acid compound components when testing carbonate reservoirs can considerably contribute to information content for future well stimulation works.
Surveys of wells # 71 and 73 of Danilovskiy license block confirm that large-volume hydrochloric acid treatment increases flow rate considerably as well as improves collecting properties of the well.
The most appropriate and efficient methods successfully applied on wells in Eastern Siberia for flow stimulation are hydrofracturing (HF) and large-volume hydrochloric acid treatment of formation bottom-hole zone.
Well Interventions Program Preparation by Means of Digital Information Systems at the Southern Priobskoye Field
Authors: Sitnikov A. , Pustovskikh A. , Asmandiyarov R. , Sheremeev A. , Zulkarniev R. , Kolupaev D. 
Published: October 2016

Summary
Integrated asset development project planning is based on delivering maximum effectiveness of hydrocarbon reserves development, formulating the concept of optimum development and operation of the asset in the long run. The fundamental of integrated asset development project planning is formation of integrated well intervention programs (hereinafter referred to as the well intervention) – commissioning of new wells, frac, side-tracking on the operating well stock, recompletion, etc. Relevance of well intervention planning process is evident – oil, water and gas production capacity and water injection are calculated based on the worked out well intervention programs, infrastructure development and construction is designed, and project efficiency is evaluated.
The authors describe the process of formation of integrated well intervention programs, using digital information systems at the Priobskoye field (southern concession area). Remaining recoverable reserves of the field constitute 362 mn t of oil, the operating well stock of the field exceeds 2,000 wells, more than 500 well interventions are carried out annually.
In 2015, a digital information system – IS Well Intervention Selection (algorithms are described in SPE- 176561) – was put in commercial operation; the engineers use this system to make calculations for selecting well intervention – frac and side-tracking, and align well interventions. The system is based on a web interface enabling vizualization of results, prompt computations and decision-making for all related specialists in the real time mode, while accumulating and saving the history. Technical support procedure is established; the interface is periodically upgraded in connection with functionality enhancement. Within 2015, the number of completed repeated frac activities has been increased to 180 operations p.a. (+50 wells) with startup increase to 14 tpd (+2 tpd), 76 tons of oil have been produced over the target. In 2016, according to the expert assessment of the activities potential, it is planned to increase the number of repeated frac activities to 260 operations per year (+100 wells to the business plan).
In 2016, a new digital information system project – "New Well Drilling Rating" is to be launched. The project guideline has been elaborated, and the new well drilling rating template has been implemented. The system functionality for each new planned well by strata includes a block of geological and process information, computation modules for expert and probabilistic assessment of flowrates, reserves, production capacity with probability 10%, 50% and 90% (hereinafter referred to as P-10, P-50, P-90), a module of the financial economic model for estimation of all development scenarios.
Integrated Analysis and Optimization of the Development System for West Siberia Tight Oil Reservoirs – Vinogradova Field Example
Authors: Arsenty Ryazanov , Oleg Petrashov , Alexey Kornilov 
Published: October 2016

Summary
The main subject of the paper is validation of different development strategies for low-permeability reservoirs belonging to the Lower Cretaceous Frolov formation (AS3 layer) with thickness of net pay zone less than 10 m. The paper presents main results of AO "RITEK" business activities on Vinogradova field on the stage of the pilot development and prospective directions for further optimization.
Automatization of Right Drilling Mode Selection and Troubles Prediction While Designing and Constructing Oil and Gas Wells
Authors: Lind Yu. B. , Gabbasov B. M. , Khashper A. L. , Khashper B. L. , Galeev S. R. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The purpose of the work is development of informational and analytical system which allows to make recommendations on selection of optimum drilling parameters (type and parameters of drilling fluid, type and characteristics of bits and motors) on the base of field data on drilled wells of an oilfield for effective drilling meterage of wellbore and prevention of troubles in drilling new wells.
An Oil and Gas Company Operating in An Area of High Biodiversity - A Model for Sustainable Development and Social Responsibility
Authors: Ikapi Thoty Moussotsi 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Shell Gabon – a subsidiary of Royal Dutch Shell Plc – has been operating in Gabon since 1960. Since this time Shell's exploration has taken place across a large area of the costal south-west of Gabon, resulting in major discoveries at Gamba (the largest oil field in Gabon at the time) and Rabi in 1985 (the largest onshore oil field in sub-Saharan Africa).
The south-west costal area in which Shell operates also known as the Gamba Complex of Protected Areas is a landscape of high national and international importance for its biodiversity; hosting two of the most beautiful national parks, two Ramsar sites, one wildlife reserve and three hunting reserves, and where oil pipeline, oil machineries cohabite with many endangered species such as western gorillas, chimpanzees, sea turtles, and the forest elephants our African giant.
Following internal standards and national legislation requirements on sustainable development, Shell Gabon, an ISO 14001 standard certified company, has recently developed (first Oil & Gas company in Gabon) a Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP), which identifies critical habitats, priority biodiversity, and outlines Shell Gabon's approach to managing biodiversity impacts and risks. Ultimately the BAP has been integrated into Shell Gabon's Environmental Management System aiming at enforcing operating procedures on biodiversity aspects. Examples might include reducing the number of roads built and their width; speed controls; limiting the size of platform constructions and use of existing platforms wherever possible for drilling; prohibition of hunting, fishing and transporting bush meat and weapons in production areas; promoting anti-poaching activities together with the Government authorities, local NGOs' and one long lasting partner, the Smithsonian Institute. For almost two decades, Shell Gabon has made a significant contribution to the understanding of biodiversity, making the Gamba complex of protected areas a safe haven where wild life cohabits with oil operations. Oil & Gas exploration in sensitive and priority biodiversity areas is achievable
Incapacitation of Each Vital Equipment at a Time in Highly Demanding Situation - Is it Beyond Visualization of Trained and Experienced Workforce?
Authors: Alam Mohammad Aftab , Qattan Fahad Al- 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Objective of this paper is to identify possible crucial circumstances during drilling, workover or associated activities at rigs, where each Safety Critical Well Control Equipment may incapacitate at a time in a demanding situation, which may lead to uncontrolled flow of Well with potentially severe consequence. This paper will present some of likely supervisory failures to visualize scenarios, when the most vital Well Control Equipment such as BOP, Stabbing Valve, Drill Pipe (DP) Spacing-out, and Mud Transfer Pump becomes defunct due to either design limitations, operational or other constraints in uncommon situations during a particular stage of activities at rigs.
While running in MDT (Modular Dynamics Tester) inside a newly drilled deviated gas well, logging tool was stuck in open hole even after reducing mud weight from 14.8 to 14.6 ppg. Consequently, Baker Overshoot through 5 ½ in. DP pipe was being run with wireline cable inside DP to guide and catch the fish by "Cut & Thread" mechanism to strip over wireline cable. However while running in to 13,632 Ft., sever back flow was observed, which was controlled through overbalance by pumping 250 Bbl of one string volume mud followed by 25 Bbl slug and RIH (Running in Hole) was resumed.
However, after running three stands, back flow restarted and although there was continuous flow, RIH of 14 stands were continued to 14,955 Ft. (+/- 61 Ft. from fish). Ultimately, Derrick Man latched last stand in Elevator with logging wire inserted inside DP, then there was severe gushing of mud with oil and gas from DP resting on Slip. The DP open end could not be closed by installing Stabbing Valve as logging wire was inside DP with wire connection over C-Plate above DP, preventing valve from making up in DP box. BOP pipe ram was closed but shear ram failed to cut DP as tool joint was falling in shear ram cavity. Consequently well continued flowing uncontrolled and finally caught fire after few hours. The well was killed next day by pumping high-density (19.2 ppg) mud.
This paper will elaborate overlook by supervisory workforce to envisage the incapacitation of vital safety critical equipment and suggest contingency plan to prevent such situation where one by one all immediate well control measures are compromised.
Human Factors and Fallacies of Behaviour Based Safety Program
Authors: Ajimoko Tayo 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Most behavior based safety programs (BBSP) are implemented after the fact of either a major accident, a change in company organizational structure or as a result of a dip in company fortune. It is common practice to rely on historical data, empirical analysis and observable trends while embarking on the implementation effort. The oil industry safety management systems have evolved and have been driven by the need to embed a culture that aligns with corporate vision and objectives.
A common strategy in the exploration and producing industry is to create a culture of Safety First where everyone especially in the operations zone is empowered to stop the Job. This a great fallacy because human factors are not factored into the development of these program. This paper will therefore highlight these issues.
This paper is based on documented case studies and the author's operational experience in different companies and projects. Because most BBSP discounts the importance of human factors, it is typically met with homeostasis. Many reasons can be advanced for this observation and clearly the top reason will be that change is not natural to man and the individual's culture, experience, personality and change intelligence will all contribute to either make him or her a pro-change or an anti-change agent.
This paper will elaborate on the following pitfalls in the process of implementing a BBSP to wit: ❖The fallacies of HSSE Data Mining and Management.❖Analysis and Inferences of Organizational Structures and Cultures.❖The knowledge of a work team and indeed an organization is not always additive when behaviors are the focus of attention.❖Leadership is an aberration and power distance elimination is the delimiter of the success or failure of any BBSP.❖The half-life of learned lessons and why the same incidents recur within the same industry despite the technologies available for knowledge dissemination.
While HSSE programs are useful tools for communicating and implementing corporate safety visions and goals amongst others its limitation derives from the fact that it depends on the peripheral human behavior domain to be successful. This paper identifies all the limitations and proffers a methodology for implementing human factors backed BBSP that avoids the pitfalls.
Waiting Time is a Wasted Time: Obio Cottage Hospital Outpatient Transit Time Improvement
Authors: Mustapha Adetoun , Fajola Akinwumi , Umejiego Chidozie , Fakunle Babatunde 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Objectives/Scope
The vast majority of 170 million Nigerians have no access to affordable and quality assured health care. The government provided medical facilities are mostly over-stretched and most Nigerians pay out of pocket for basic health care. The Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Limited embraced the concept of Public Private Partnership as a strategic approach to Corporate Social Responsibility in the health sector. In 2010, SPDC in collaboration with the Rivers State government upgraded the Obio health center to a cottage hospital and worked with the local community to catalyse the Obio Community Health Insurance Scheme. The partners in the CHIS agreed an annual premium of N7,200 [about$36] per participant for access to essential primary and secondary health care, with special focus on maternal and child health.

Methods, Procedures, Process
As the insurance package covers more than 95% of community health care needs, patients seen daily increased from 20 to 147 per day. Patients spent long hours on visits leading to dissatisfaction. In 2012, Lean methodology was deployed to address this problem. The outpatient transit time starts from the time the patient reports to the reception, goes through the medical records, vital signs, consultations, laboratory investigation (if necessary), and pharmacy, till discharge.
With the use of Lean tools such as value stream mapping, lack of standardisation of key activities at transit points was found to be causing proportionate delay in patients waiting time. 5S exercise was carried out, Standard Operating Procedures and visual measures were developed and deployed with onsite trainings.

Results, Observations, Conclusions
These led to 78% reduction in transit time, hospital handling more patient flow per day and improved customer satisfaction.

Novel/Additive Information
Lessons learnt include using leadership Gemba visits and inculcating Lean thinking among hospital staff to improve operational efficiency and bring about a culture change.
Nutrition and Other Protective Behaviors Motivated by Environmental Health Risk Awareness
Authors: Jones Elizabeth W. , Feng Limin , Dixon Jane K. , Dixon John P. , Hofe Carolyn R. , Gaetke Lisa M. 
Published: October 2016

Background:
Research findings have suggested that exposure to environmental pollutants contributes to increased health risks, which may be modulated by certain nutrition and other protective health behaviors. Nutrition professionals play an important role in effectively disseminating this information and in devising specific community-based nutrition education programs for audiences located in areas with environmental health issues.

Objective:
To assess awareness of environmental health problems and motivation to adopt protective health behaviors for use in planning nutrition education programs for communities exposed to environmental pollutants.

Method:
Data were collected from a modified, validated Environmental Health Engagement Profile (EHEP) survey instrument administered to adults (n=774) participating in community events in Kentucky based on location relative to hazardous waste sites.

Results:
The modified EHEP survey instrument showed good internal consistency reliability, and demographic characteristics were evaluated. Correlation analyses revealed significant positive correlations in all groups, separately and combined, between awareness of environmental pollution in an individual’s surroundings and the extent of concern that pollutants cause adverse health effects (P < 0.01) and between concern that pollutants cause adverse health effects and taking personal actions to protect against such environmental insults (P < 0.01). The groups having the highest level of awareness posed by pollution are those residing near federally designated hazardous waste sites.

Conclusion:
These results suggest that determining and expanding an audience’s knowledge and perceptions of environmental health risks will enhance effective nutrition education program planning.
Questionner une situation porteuse d’apprentissage potentiel sur le lieu du travail : une proposition pour la formation d’Assistant de Service Social (ASS)
Authors: Ollivier Élisabeth 
Published: October 2016

La formation d’ASS, réformée dans le cadre général du processus de Bologne, est adossée depuis 2004 à un certain nombre de référentiels. Le principe de l’alternance est réaffirmé et la place des « terrains » renforcée. La prescription d’une alternance intégrative représente une opportunité pour interroger la formation initiale et continuée. Dans le cadre d’une recherche compréhensive qui porte sur l’activité de tutorat des ASS auprès de stagiaires, nous tentons de comprendre, dans une optique de didactique professionnelle, les chemins empruntés par les débutants dans leur apprentissage professionnel et les questions qui se posent à leurs accompagnateurs. Dans cet article, nous spécifions en quoi et comment une situation du répertoire professionnel « l’aide financière », dans son extension conceptuelle, peut se révéler pertinente pour l’apprentissage des règles du métier et la construction identitaire professionnelle.
L’imaginaire transhumaniste ou le rêve de Google
Authors: Chifflet Stéphanie 
Published: October 2016

Depuis 2002 et un rapport de la National Science Foundation étatsunienne, les technologies convergentes (nanotechnologies, biotechnologies, technologies de l’information, sciences cognitives) ont connu un développement colossal. De nombreux États se sont ainsi dotés de programmes ambitieux visant à approfondir les recherches et à stimuler l’innovation dans les domaines technoscientifiques (en Europe, en Asie, etc.). Face à l’avancée des technosciences a émergé une philosophie promouvant le développement des technologies convergentes pour l’amélioration du corps humain et la manipulation de son environnement : le transhumanisme. C’est aujourd’hui un courant de plus en plus connu, bénéficiant en outre de représentants prestigieux et influents (William Bainbridge, Ray Kurzweil, Aubrey de Grey par exemple). Le présent article vise à sonder l’imaginaire transhumaniste à partir du roman Adrian humain 2.0 de Laurent Alexandre et David Angevin. Nous consacrons notre propos aux implications politiques, sociales et éthiques d’un imaginaire devenu projet de civilisation par l’une des plus grandes firmes du monde : Google.