bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon-ion radiotherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer with bladder invasion
Authors: Shiba Shintaro , Wakatsuki Masaru , Kato Shingo , Ohno Tatsuya , Okonogi Noriyuki , Karasawa Kumiko , Kiyohara Hiroki , Tsujii Hirohiko , Nakano Takashi , Kamada Tadashi , Shozu Makio ,   The Working Group of the Gynecological Tumor
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicities of carbon-ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT) for locally advanced cervical cancer with bladder invasion by a subset analysis of pooled data from eight prospective clinical trials at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences. Between June 1995 and January 2014, 29 patients with locally advanced cervical cancer with bladder invasion were identified. The median age was 56 years old (range 31–79 years old). The median tumor size at diagnosis on magnetic resonance imaging was 6.7 cm (range 3.5–11.0 cm). Histologically, 20 patients had squamous cell carcinoma and 9 had adenocarcinoma. C-ion RT was performed as a dose-escalation study in the initial trials. All patients received prophylactic whole-pelvic or extended-field irradiation and local boost. The total dose to the cervical tumor was 52.8–74.4 Gy (relative biological effectiveness) in 20 or 24 fractions. Weekly cisplatin (40 mg/m2/week, five cycles) was concurrently given to four patients. The median follow-up of all patients was 28.6 months (range 8.8–238.6 months). Grade 2 or higher late complications in the bladder were observed in eight patients, with seven developing vesicovaginal fistula. Six patients had Grade 2 or higher complications in the rectosigmoid colon. The 3-year overall survival rate was 47%, the 3-year local control rate was 66%, and the 3-year disease-free survival rate was 28%. In this study, C-ion RT showed favorable local control with reasonable toxicities, but the results were still unsatisfactory. We have the expectation of improvement of therapeutic effects by using C-ion RT with concurrent chemotherapy.
Killing by Type VI secretion drives clonal phase separation and the evolution of cooperation
Authors: McNally Luke , Bernardy Eryn , Thomas Jacob , Kalziqi Arben , Pentz Jennifer , Brown Sam , Hammer Brian , Yunker Peter J. , Ratcliff William 
Published: July 2016

SummaryBy nature of their small size, dense growth and frequent need for extracellular metabolism, microbes face persistent public goods dilemmas1–5. Spatial assortment can act as a general solution to social conflict by allowing extracellular goods to be utilized preferentially by productive genotypes1,6,7. Established mechanisms that generate microbial assortment depend on the availability of free space8–14; however, microbes often live in densely-packed environments, wherein these mechanisms are ineffective. Here, we describe a novel class of self-organized pattern formation that facilitates the development of spatial structure within densely-packed bacterial colonies. Contact-mediated killing through the Type VI secretion system (T6SS) drives high levels of assortment by precipitating phase separation, even in initially well-mixed populations that do not necessarily exhibit net growth. We examine these dynamics using three different classes of mathematical models and experiments with mutually antagonistic strains ofVibrio choleraegrowing on solid media, and find that all appear to de-mix via the same ‘Model A’ universality class of order-disorder transition. We mathematically demonstrate that contact killing should favour the evolution of public goods cooperation, and empirically examine the relationship between T6SSs and potential cooperation through phylogenetic analysis. Across 26 genera of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, the proportion of a strain’s genome that codes for potentially-exploitable secreted proteins increases significantly with boththe number of Type 6 secretion systems and the number of T6SS effectors that it possesses. This work demonstrates how antagonistic traits—likely evolved for the purpose of killing competitors—can indirectlylead to the evolution of cooperation by driving genetic phase separation.
Measurements of translation initiation from all 64 codons inE. coli
Authors: Hecht Ariel , Glasgow Jeff , Jaschke Paul R. , Bawazer Lukmaan , Munson Matthew S. , Cochran Jennifer , Endy Drew , Salit Marc 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTOur understanding of translation is one cornerstone of molecular biology that underpins our capacity to engineer living matter. The canonical start codon (AUG) and a few near-cognates (GUG, UUG) are typically considered as the “start codons” for translation initiation inEscherichia coli(E. coli). Translation is typically not thought to initiate from the 61 remaining codons. Here, we systematically quantified translation initiation inE. colifrom all 64 triplet codons. We detected protein synthesis above background initiating from at least 46 codons. Translation initiated from these non-canonical start codons at levels ranging from 0.01% to 2% relative to AUG. Translation initiation from non-canonical start codons may contribute to the synthesis of peptides in both natural and synthetic biological systems
Measuring food security status among households in Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Fawole Wasiu Olayinka , Ozkan Burhan , Ayanrinde Festus Ayanwole 
Published: July 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the food security status of 150 households in Osun state of Nigeria. The study area was chosen because relatively little energy consumption data are available concerning this geographical location.Design/methodology/approach– The study used both primary and secondary data. The suitable households sample was chosen by multi-stage random sampling technique. The methodology employed to group the households into either food secure or food insecure is by comparing daily per capita calorie consumption by each household with the threshold daily per capita calorie requirement of 2,710 kcal/day/adult equivalent. This method has proven to be efficient in measuring food security at household level.Findings– The results of the study reveal that majority of the households surveyed are food insecure that is their daily per capita calorie intake falls below the recommended daily per capita calorie requirement. The food insecure households constitute 54 per cent, surplus index of 0.36 per cent and food insecurity gap of 0.0038.Research limitations/implications– The greatest limitation to this study is the inability to collect data on the distribution of income, budget share on foods and socio-economic characteristics of the households to determine how their food security status is influenced due to impediments such as time, limited resources to collect a complete dataset used for the study. Also, recalling accurately the foods eaten in the last 24-hour was difficult for some of the household heads especially the aged ones and precise measurement of foods portion were also not accurate in some cases.Practical implications– The findings of the study will help the stakeholders in food sector in policy formulations and also serve as reference for other researchers who will work on similar topic.Social implications– The revelation that majority of the households are lacking in calorie intake will provide guidance for stakeholders in food sector to put in place efforts that will improve balance between food production and accessibility.Originality/value– The study used original data collected directly from the households for the study using structured questionnaires and the reference materials from secondary sources are appropriately cited. Also, it is worthy to note that not many studies have been carried out in the study area on food security especially in the rural areas.
Italian consumers’ income and food waste behavior
Authors: Setti Marco , Falasconi Luca , Segrè Andrea , Cusano Ilaria , Vittuari Matteo 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide insights on the relationships between consumers’ income and household food waste behaviors.

Design/methodology/approach
– Attitude toward food waste is a paradigmatic (economic) non-standard decision making. Based on behavioral economics concepts and empirical evidences, the study analyzes the frequency of household food waste and its main drivers with a focus on individual income. Through a panel of 1,403 Italian consumers, food waste behavior and its determinants are modeled for five food typologies using proportional odds models that adopt stepwise procedures and genetic algorithms.

Findings
– Results suggest the existence of complex relationships between per capita income and household food waste behavior. When considering food typologies that include high value added products, this relation can be explained by an inverse U-shaped curve: mid-to-low income consumers purchase higher amounts of lower quality products and waste more food.

Research limitations/implications
– The research highlights the importance of understanding the main socio-economic and behavioral determinants of household food waste, and the need for further researches.

Practical implications
– The research motivates specific pricing, commercial and policy strategies as well as organizational technological, and educational solutions to prevent/reduce household food waste.

Social implications
– Lower income class consumers show a greater attitude to waste certain food typologies. In turn, this implies that food waste can further worse economic inequality and relative poverty.

Originality/value
– The study identifies different patterns of relationship among individual income and consumers’ food waste behavior, and describes the conditions that limit a household “Food Waste Kuznets Curve.”
Consumer views on “healthier” processed meat
Authors: Shan Liran Christine , Regan Aine , Monahan Frank J , Li Chenguang , Murrin Celine , Lalor Fiona , Wall Patrick G. , McConnon Aine 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate consumer attitudes towards and interest in enriching processed meat with healthy ingredients (“functional processed meat”).

Design/methodology/approach
– Seven focus groups across age and gender were conducted. Discussions were analysed using an inductive thematic approach.

Findings
– Strategies that participants felt as important for improving the healthiness of processed meat mainly included the use of better quality meat and less salt, fat, preservatives and other additives. “Functional processed meat” was a new concept for participants. Four themes were constructed to reflect participants’ attitudes towards functional processed meat: opposing views on processed meat as a carrier of healthy ingredients; belief in the health benefits of functional processed meat; perceived value of functional processed meat for different consumer groups; and trust and perceived risk surrounding the functional food concept. A large proportion of the participants were unconvinced about the concept of functional processed meat; however many of the participants expressed an openness to purchase this food product if taste and price remained uncompromised.

Research limitations/implications
– The sample size of the current study is small. Complementary quantitative research with a more representative sample should be implemented. Adopting a quantitative approach, the findings from this study should be explored further to investigate their application in a representative sample of the population.

Originality/value
– This study represents a first exploratory investigation of consumer views on functional processed meat. It can inform further consumer and market research in relation to the development of “healthier” processed meat.
A structural model for destination travel intention as a media exposure
Authors: Koo Chulmo , Joun Youhee , Han Heejeong , Chung Namho 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the effects of a prospective traveler’s perception of media exposure on their intention to visit a destination (i.e. South Korea). Cultural exposure to a particular country through media affects people’s preference for that foreign country, and may ultimately be a function of the behavior for consuming that country’s cultural products – e.g. traveling to that country. Media exposure has been recognized as a major underlying reason for the desire to visit a destination.

Design/methodology/approach
This study examines the impacts of potential travelers’ media exposure in three different language-use groups (i.e. English, Japanese and Chinese) and their perception of the media exposure on their intention to visit the actual site (i.e. South Korea). To enhance the understanding of the intention to visit the destination, this study proposes a research model based on use and gratification theory and the belief–desire–intention model.

Findings
Mass and social media exposure had an effect on the intention to visit a destination as a result of the gratification and desire experienced through the content.

Research limitations/implications
This study suggests the synthesis of the use and gratification theory and the belief–desire–intention model and an examination of theoretical and practical implications.

Originality/value
This study involved a sample of users of destination marketing sites. In addition, this study investigated the users’ intentions to visit a real tourism destination taking into consideration mass media (traditional media) and social media (new media) based on the use of gratification theory and the belief–desire–intention model. Practically, the findings highlight the crucial role of social media in the intention to visit the tourism destination.
Membership-based consumer switching intentions and benefit exchange theory
Authors: Chuang Yi-Fei , Tai Yang-Fei 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
This research aims to predict private club members’ intentions to switch service providers based on the benefit exchange theory through a structural model with a second-order factor.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a qualitative procedure to develop a functional, social and psychological model based on the benefit exchange and switching intention literatures. A further quantitative analysis surveyed a sample of 366 private club members and assessed the usefulness of this model.

Findings
The results of the confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling indicate that social benefits have a stronger impact on switching intention than loss of functional benefits under the context of a high level of interaction between members and between members and service providers. In addition, they confirm the moderating effects of psychological benefits on the relationship between functional benefits and switching intention.

Practical implications
The findings indicate that members are unlikely to switch if there are positive word of mouth and interpersonal interactions between members and the club (social benefits). Even if they are disappointed with the functional benefits of the club’s products or services, they may still choose to stay with it owing to psychological benefits affecting their decision to switch. The findings offer managerial insights into utilizing relationship marketing activities to strengthen interpersonal relationships, word of mouth, trust, commitment and emotional factors to retain members.

Originality/value
This research confirms that the benefit exchange theory can explain members’ intentions to switch from their current clubs and provides valuable recommendations to managers on retaining their clubs’ members. Because the switching intentions of club members have not previously been adequately studied, this study fills an important gap in the literature.
Free trade zones, liberalization, remittances, and tourism, for what?
Authors: Caraballo-Cueto Jose 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
The Dominican trade deficit represents almost 16 per cent of its gross domestic product (GDP) and is insufficiently counteracted by tourism and remittances; not even a high devaluation closed the imbalance. Eighty per cent of the exports are from free trade zones. These facts reflect their low domestic entrepreneurial capacity. The purpose of this study is to critically evaluate the Dominican economic model.

Design/methodology/approach
The author motivates the discussion with descriptive statistics and then applies multiple time-series regressions at the macro level and at the industry level.

Findings
The attraction of foreign firms appears to substitute, and not complement, the building of local capacity. Regressions show that a GDP growth of 5 per cent does not decrease the high unemployment rate.

Originality/value
Using new Okun’s equations, it is concluded that sectors dominated by local producers and improvements in the trade balance better impact the unemployment. These findings challenge conventional wisdom that characterizes the Dominican economy as a “successful story”.
Introducing PEARL
Authors: Carlson Claire Elizabeth , Isihara Paul A. , Sandberg Roger , Boan David , Phelps Kaile , Lee Kyu Lim , Diedrichs Danilo R. , Cuba Daniela , Edman Johnny , Gray Melissa , Hesse Roland , Kong Robin , Takazawa Kei 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
– The need in disaster response to assess how reliably and equitably funding was accounted for and distributed is addressed by a standardized report and index applicable to any disaster type. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
– Data from the Nepal earthquake (2015), Typhoon Haiyan (2013), the Haiti earthquake (2010), Sri Lankan flood (2011), and Hurricane Sandy (2012) illustrate uses of a public equitable allocation of resources log (PEARL). Drawing from activity-based costing and the Gini index, a PEARL spreadsheet computes absolute inequity sector by sector as well as a cumulative index. Response variations guide index value interpretation.

Findings
– Index values indicates major inequity in Nepal hygiene kit distribution and Haiti earthquake (both PEARL indices near 0.5), moderate inequity for the Sri Lankan flood (index roughly 0.75) and equitable distributions for Typhoon Haiyan and Hurricane Sandy (both indices approximately 0.95). Indices are useful to approximate proportions of inequity in the total response and investigate allocation under uncertainty in sector need specification.

Originality/value
– This original tool is implementable using a website containing a practice PEARL, completed examples and downloadable spreadsheet. Used across multiple sectors or for a single sector, PEARL may signal need for additional resources, correct inequitable distribution decisions, simplify administrative monitoring/assessment, and foster greater accounting transparency in summary reports. PEARL also assists historical analysis of all disaster types to determine completeness of public accounting records and equity in fund distribution.
Emergency preparedness planning in developed countries: the Swedish case
Authors: Kaneberg Elvira , Hertz Susanne , Jensen Leif-Magnus 
Published: July 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to understand the needs of the supply-chain (SC) network when coping with permanent and temporary demands, this paper analyzes the Swedish emergency preparedness SC network. This network comprises planning procedures and resources, as well as numerous organizations and other participants in civil society that take part in the system to cope with threats and ongoing crises. Planning constitutes a critical infrastructure because the system must develop the ability to shift SC functions from permanent to temporary networks in ongoing crises and war.Design/methodology/approach– A research study is performed based on data gathered by three qualitative methods concerning the SC network of emergency preparedness planning.Findings– This study demonstrates the relevance of a wide empirical field challenging several theoretical perspectives of the SC network in preparedness planning and the shift to ongoing crises. Further research targeting key capabilities is needed to further improve understanding of the challenges for developed countries in managing potential threats and crises.Originality/value– Actors taking part in the preparedness system have found it challenging to coordinate. Due, in part, to the lack of a common threat profile, key capabilities remain outside preparedness planning, e.g., military, commercial and voluntary actors as well as unclear and inconsistent regulations. Thus, building the SC network demonstrates the need to target the military, the voluntary and commercial sectors and their ability to develop the networks in preparedness planning. In a reformed system, all actors must strengthen civil defense in an all-hazard approach, which in planning encompasses the entire threat scale, demonstrating key functions and the ability to shift to temporary networks responding to ongoing crises, including war.
Board composition and subsidiary risk: an exploratory study
Authors: Rivas J.L. 
Published: July 2016

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the association between firm subsidiary risk and the board composition attributes of international experience, government experience and independence (outsiders).Design/methodology/approachWe sample the directors of the 104 largest European and US service and industrial firms by market capitalization as listed in the Financial Times (FT) Global index of 2008 using a cross-sectional design with data from 2009-2011.FindingsInternational experience increases and government experience decreases firm subsidiary risk.Research limitations/implicationsOur subsidiary data are limited to the number of subsidiaries per country and not to other potentially valuable information like size, number of employees or even board composition at the subsidiary levels. Additionally, the use of a diversified US and European firm could add unnecessary variance due to different contexts involved in 104 firms.Practical implicationsThe desired level of firm subsidiary risk could be influenced by modifying the profile of board members.Originality/valueThis is one of the first studies to analyze the influence of board composition and risk at the firm level. Risk is a variable closely associated to internationalization.