bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and Synthesis of Diastereomeric β3‐Peptides from (R,R)/(S,S)‐APyC and (R)/(S)‐β3‐Caa: Determination of Enantiomeric Handedness
Authors: Sharma Gangavaram V. M. , Ravindranath Hajari , Bhaskar Akkala , Sirisha Katukuri , Ramakrishna Kallaganti V. S. , Sarma Akella V. S. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe have previously reported enantiomeric α/β‐ and β‐peptides derived from aminopyrancarboxylic acids (APyCs). We now report the synthesis of diastereomeric β‐peptides synthesized from alternating (R,R)/(S,S)‐APyCs and C‐linked carbo β3‐amino acids [(R)/(S)‐β3‐Caas] and their conformational analysis. Extensive studies of these peptides revealed the presence of enantiomeric helical structures, that is, left‐ and right‐handed 12/10‐helices, that are well stabilized by five‐membered electrostatic interactions between the pyran oxygen atom and the succeding amide proton. The study thus reveals, irrespective of the nature of the peptides, that the APyC monomers influence on the outcome of the helical handedness, as established by NMR, CD and molecular dynamics (MD) analyses.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allyl­ic Substitutions with Bulky ­Amines/Oxidative Double Bond Cleavage – Entry into the Reetz Synthesis of Amino Alcohols
Authors: Seehafer Kai , Malakar Chandi C. , Bender Markus , Qu Jianping , Liang Chen , Helmchen Günter 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBranched allylic amines were prepared by Ir‐catalyzed enantioselective allylic aminations with the bulky N‐nucleophiles HN(Boc)2 and HNBn2. The products were transformed into N‐protected amino aldehydes, which were either reduced or coupled diastereoselectively with organometallic compounds to give vicinal amino alcohols. A formal synthesis of the neurokinin receptor antagonist (+)‐L‐733060 was carried out as an application.
β‐Lactams as Formal Dipoles through Amide‐Bond Activation
Authors: Barbier Vincent , Marrot Jérôme , Couty François , David Olivier R. P. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractActivation of β‐lactams can be achieved by simple Lewis‐base catalysis to trigger an unprecedented reaction based on the formal dipolar behaviour of a strained amide bond. A new synthetic route for 1,3‐oxazinan‐6‐ones is presented by reaction of β‐lactams with ethylglyoxylate, which after methodological optimizations identified 4‐pyrrolidinopyridine as the catalyst of choice in aprotic polar solvents. Mechanistic details are also discussed in light of the intrinsic limitations identified for this transformation.
Empfehlungen zur Verwertung von Baggergut im Deichbau
Authors: Saathoff Fokke , Cantré Stefan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractHerkömmliche Deichbaumaterialien, wie Mergel (Ostsee) oder Klei (Nordsee), werden zunehmend knapp und müssen für Neubauten und die Ertüchtigung von Landesschutzdeichen häufig unter erheblichen Eingriffen in die Natur gewonnen und über größere Strecken transportiert werden. (Nass‐)Baggergut fällt dagegen regelmäßig in großen Mengen bei der Unterhaltung von Häfen und Wasserstraßen an und kann nach materialabhängiger Aufbereitung abfallrechtlich verwertet werden – auch als Ersatzbaustoff im Deichbau. Im Projekt DredgDikes wurden über einen Zeitraum von fast fünf Jahren verschiedene Chargen Baggergut auf ihre Eignung als Deichersatzbaustoff untersucht. Dazu wurde ein umfangreiches Laborprogramm bearbeitet und zwei Forschungsdeiche in Rostock und Umgebung mit Baggergut hergestellt, an denen eine Vielzahl an Feldversuchen durchgeführt wurde. Diese Forschungsbauwerke bleiben auch weiterhin instrumentiert, um langfristige Erkenntnisse zu gewinnen. Als Ergebnis dieser Untersuchungen entstanden Empfehlungen für die Planung, die Herstellung und die Pflege von Deichen aus Baggergut sowie zum genehmigungsrechtlichen Umgang mit Baggergut im Deichbau und zum notwendigen Untersuchungsumfang, die es zukünftig ermöglichen, geeignete Materialien auszuwählen und zum Einsatz zu bringen.Recommendations for the recovery of dredged material in dike construction. Conventional dike construction materials such as boulder clay/marl (Baltic) or marsh clay (North Sea) are becoming increasingly scarce. They are often mined in environmentally sensitive areas and transported over considerable distances to the site of dike (re)construction. On the other hand large quantities of dredged material regularly incur during the maintenance of ports and waterways, which can be recovered after a material dependent treatment according to waste legislation – e. g. as replacement construction material for dikes. In the project DredgDikes over a period of almost five years, several batches of dredged material were tested for their suitability as replacement dike construction material. For this purpose, an extensive laboratory program was performed and two research dikes in Rostock and the surrounding area were built with dredged materials, where a variety of field tests were carried out. These research installations shall stay instrumented to attract long‐term findings. As a result, recommendations were developed for the design, construction and maintenance of dikes made with dredged materials. Also, recommendations regarding the legal handling of dredged material in the context of dikes and the necessary scope of investigation could be derived. These recommendations will enable selecting suitable materials and bringing them to use.
The requirement of BDNF for hippocampal synaptic plasticity is experience‐dependent
Authors: Aarse Janna , Herlitze Stefan , Manahan‐Vaughan Denise 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTBrain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) supports neuronal survival, growth, and differentiation and has been implicated in forms of hippocampus‐dependent learning. In vitro, a specific role in hippocampal synaptic plasticity has been described, although not all experience‐dependent forms of synaptic plasticity critically depend on BDNF. Synaptic plasticity is likely to enable long‐term synaptic information storage and memory, and the induction of persistent (>24 h) forms, such as long‐term potentiation (LTP) and long‐term depression (LTD) is tightly associated with learning specific aspects of a spatial representation. Whether BDNF is required for persistent (>24 h) forms of LTP and LTD, and how it contributes to synaptic plasticity in the freely behaving rodent has never been explored. We examined LTP, LTD, and related forms of learning in the CA1 region of freely dependent mice that have a partial knockdown of BDNF (BDNF+/−). We show that whereas early‐LTD (<90min) requires BDNF, short‐term depression (<45 min) does not. Furthermore, BDNF is required for LTP that is induced by mild, but not strong short afferent stimulation protocols. Object‐place learning triggers LTD in the CA1 region of mice. We observed that object‐place memory was impaired and the object‐place exploration failed to induce LTD in BDNF+/− mice. Furthermore, spatial reference memory, that is believed to be enabled by LTP, was also impaired. Taken together, these data indicate that BDNF is required for specific, but not all, forms of hippocampal‐dependent information storage and memory. Thus, very robust forms of synaptic plasticity may circumvent the need for BDNF, rather it may play a specific role in the optimization of weaker forms of plasticity. The finding that both learning‐facilitated LTD and spatial reference memory are both impaired in BDNF+/− mice, suggests moreover, that it is critically required for the physiological encoding of hippocampus‐dependent memory. © 2015 The Authors Hippocampus Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Videography supported adhesion, and proliferation behavior of MG‐63 osteoblastic cells on 2.5D titania nanotube matrices
Authors: Manurung Robeth Viktoria , Fu Pei‐Wen , Chu Yeh‐Shiu , Lo Chun‐Min , Chattopadhyay Surojit 
Published: December 2015

AbstractHuman osteosarcoma cells MG‐63 were cultured on anodically etched titania nanotubes (TiO2 NT), with diameters ranging from 40‐100 nm, to study the correlations between cell proliferation and adhesion on the 2.5 dimensional (2.5D) extracellular matrix (ECM). Unlike other reports, mostly based on mouse stem cells, and 2D cell culture, our studies indicate that the 2.5D NT promote higher proliferation and activity, but less 2D adhesion. Proliferation of the MG‐63 cells was significantly higher in the NTs, the best being the 70 nm diameter sample, compared to planar titania (control). This is consistent with previous studies. However, cellular adhesion was stronger on TiO2 NT with increasing diameter, and highest on the control as obtained from shear stress measurement, paxilin imaging, and western blot measurements probing focal adhesion kinase, p130 CAS, and extracellular‐regulated kinase, in addition to cell morphology imaging by fluorescence microscopy. We provide direct videography of cell migration, and cell speed data indicating faster filopodial activity on the TiO2 NT surfaces having lower adhesion. This evidence was not available previously. The NT matrices promote cells with smaller surface area, because of less 2D stretching. In contrast, on comparatively planar 2D‐like surfaces uniaxial stretching of the cell body with strong anchoring of the filopodia, resulted in larger cell surface area, and demonstrated stronger adhesion. The difference in the results, with those previously published, may be generally attributed to, among others, the use of mouse stem cells (human osteosarcoma used here), and unannealed as‐grown TiO2 NTs used previously (annealed ECMs used here). © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 842–852, 2016.
Pollen–climate reconstruction from northern South Island, New Zealand (41°S), reveals varying high‐ and low‐latitude teleconnections over the last 16 000 years
Authors: Jara Ignacio A. , Newnham Rewi M. , Vandergoes Marcus J. , Foster Courtney R. , Lowe David J. , Wilmshurst Janet M. , Moreno Patricio I. , Renwick James A. , Homes Aline M. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTWe present a 16 000‐year vegetation and climate reconstruction from pollen and plant macrofossil records obtained at a small alpine lake in South Island, New Zealand (41°S). The expansion of lowland forest taxa suggests a lifting of the altitudinal forest limits because of a warming pulse between 13 and 10k cal a BP and between 7 and 6k cal a BP, while their decline relative to upland forest taxa indicates cooling phases between 10 and 7k cal a BP and over the last 3000 years. The modern treeline was first established locally by 9.7k cal a BP. Forest persisted at the site until 3k cal a BP then disappeared from the record. Close correspondence between the temperature trends inferred from the pollen and macrofossil records and proxies from Antarctica and the Southern Ocean suggests a strong teleconnection between New Zealand and the Southern Hemisphere high‐latitudes between 15 and 6k cal a BP. We note that the breakdown of this coupling, a cooling trend in Adelaide Tarn and the local disappearance of beech forest after 3k cal a BP occur during a period of increased frequency of El Niño events, suggesting an enhanced teleconnection with the low‐latitudes during the late Holocene.
Outcomes of surgical treatment alone in patients with superficial soft tissue sarcoma regardless of size or grade
Authors: Austin Janice L. , Temple Walley J. , Puloski Shannon , Schachar Norman S. , Oddone Paolucci Elizabeth , Kurien Elizabeth , Sarkhosh Kourosh , Mack Lloyd A. 
Published: December 2015

Background and ObjectivesCurrently, standard treatment of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is wide local excision and adjuvant radiation, but radiation may be unnecessary in superficial STS. The primary objective is to assess local recurrence rates in patients treated with surgical management alone for superficial STS.MethodsA retrospective cancer registry review of patients treated with surgery alone for superficial STS at the Tom Baker Cancer Center (TBCC) was performed. Patient and tumor characteristics as well as recurrence data were collected.ResultsSixty‐one patients met study criteria. Local and overall recurrence rates were 7/61 (11.5%) and 12/61 (19.7%), respectively. The proportion with a T2 tumor was 38.8% versus 33.3% (P = 0.69), with Grade 2 or 3 tumors was 59.2% versus 83.3% (P = 0.14), and with resection margins <1 cm was 28.6% versus 75.0% (P = 0.008) for patients without and with recurrence, respectively. Median time to recurrence was 1.7 (0.4–5.2) years.ConclusionsSurgical resection alone appears to be a viable option for superficial STS that can save patients from potential side effects of radiation. The association between recurrence and inadequate margins (<1 cm) requires additional treatment be offered to this subset of patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:108–113. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Amending Soil with Sludge, Manure, Humic Acid, Orthophosphate and Phytic Acid: Effects on Infiltration, Runoff and Sediment Loss
Authors: Mamedov Amrakh I. , Bar‐Yosef Benayahu , Levkovich Irit , Rosenberg Rivka , Silber Avner , Fine Pinchas , Levy Guy J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractApplication of organic wastes to cultivated lands can replace mineral fertilizers but may also alter soil physical properties and enhance pollution potential. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of biosolids [composted manure (MC) and activated sludge (AS)] and specific biosolid component [orthophosphate (OP), phytic acid (PA) and humic acid (HA)] application on soils differing in texture [loamy‐sand (Ramat‐HaKovesh, RH), loam (Gilat, GL) and clay (Bet‐Dagan, BD)], infiltration rate, runoff volume and soil sediment loss. The soils were packed in erosion boxes (400 × 200 × 40 mm) and subjected to six consecutive simulated rainstorms, each of 186 mm deionized water. The results showed that runoff volume and sediment loss from untreated soils increased with increasing clay contents. In treated soils, the response to AS application differed from the response to other amendments; in the BD clay and GL loam, it was the only amendment that caused a decrease in sediment removed by runoff. In the RH loamy‐sand, all amendments reduced the final infiltration rate, but only AS and HA increased the measured runoff. It is proposed that the difference in the response of the soils to the amendments is associated with the soil's ability to attenuate changes in the negative charge on the clay edges following the increase in the specific adsorption of charged anions, thus controlling clay swelling and maintaining aggregate integrity. The effects of amending soils with a source of organic matter in order to control runoff and soil erosion are not straight forward and depend on soil and amendment properties. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of thermocycling on shear bond strength of glass ionomer cement to Er:YAG laser‐prepared enamel
Authors: Kong Yuan‐Yuan , Chen Yi , Shen Rui , Jiang Qian‐Zhou , Chen Min‐Le 
Published: December 2015

PurposeTo evaluate the long‐term influence of the shear bond strength (SBS) on glass‐ionomer cement (GIC) to Er:YAG‐irradiated and bur‐prepared enamel.Materials and MethodsOne hundred and ninety human premolar and molars were selected and the crowns were sectioned. Samples were divided into five groups, according to surface treatments: bur preparation (B); bur preparation, etching with 37% phosphoric acid (BA); laser preparation (L); laser preparation, etching with 37% phosphoric acid (LA); laser preparation, twice irradiating with laser at low (150 mJ, 10 Hz; water spray 10 ml/min) (LL). Samples were subdivided according to the number of thermo‐cycles (TCs)‐500 TCs, 1,000 TCs, 3,000 TCs, and 5,000 TCs. The SBS between GIC and enamel was measured using a universal testing machine; failure patterns were analyzed with stereomicroscope. The enamel surfaces and the patterns of the junction between GIC and enamel were observed by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM).ResultsThe SBS of L group was higher than that for the B group (P < 0.05). The failure mode analysis demonstrated a cohesive failure within the cement in BA and LA groups, but the SBS of LA group was higher than that for the BA group (P < 0.05). LL had a similar effect on SBS compared with LA. Thirty‐seven percent phosphoric acid had greatly increased SBS of GIC to enamel (P < 0.05). The SBS was significantly affected by thermocycling (TC) (P < 0.05).ConclusionOur results showed that Er:YAG irradiated significantly increased the SBS on GIC to enamel than bur‐prepared enamel. In addition, 37% phosphoric acid pretreated also significantly increased the SBS on GIC to enamel. However, the results of these in vitro tests were limited, and extrapolation to the clinical situation was difficult. Thus, further studies were needed on this subject to simulate the highly complex and dynamic environment in the analysis. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:978–984, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Postfunctionalization of Azido or Alkyne Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) Surfaces: Superhydrophobic and Parahydrophobic Surfaces
Authors: Godeau Guilhem , N'na Jessica , Boutet Kevin , Darmanin Thierry , Guittard Frédéric 
Published: December 2015

Postfunctionalization is a key tool for the elaboration of hydrophobic surfaces. For that purpose, the elaboration of surfaces suitable for the Huisgen reaction allows for functionalization with various hydrophobic side chains. Here the synthesis of azido or alkyne monomers is reported to prepare platform surfaces suitable for click chemistry. The surface hydrophobicity and morphology are investigated. Superhydrophobic and parahydrophobic properties are obtained depending on the starting monomer and the molecule used for the postfunctionalization.
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Efficient solution of time‐domain boundary integral equations arising in sound‐hard scattering
Authors: Veit Alexander , Merta Michal , Zapletal Jan , Lukáš Dalibor 
Published: December 2015

SummaryWe consider the efficient numerical solution of the three‐dimensional wave equation with Neumann boundary conditions via time‐domain boundary integral equations. A space‐time Galerkin method with C∞‐smooth, compactly supported basis functions in time and piecewise polynomial basis functions in space is employed. We discuss the structure of the system matrix and its efficient parallel assembly. Different preconditioning strategies for the solution of the arising systems with block Hessenberg matrices are proposed and investigated numerically. Furthermore, a C++ implementation parallelized by OpenMP and MPI in shared and distributed memory, respectively, is presented. The code is part of the boundary element library BEM4I. Results of numerical experiments including convergence and scalability tests up to a thousand cores on a cluster are provided. The presented implementation shows good parallel scalability of the system matrix assembly. Moreover, the proposed algebraic preconditioner in combination with the FGMRES solver leads to a significant reduction of the computational time. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low‐income African‐American adults share weight status, food‐related psychosocial factors and behaviours with their children
Authors: Han E. , Jones‐Smith J. , Surkan P. J. , Kharmats A. Y. , Vedovato G. M. , Trude A. C. B. , Anderson Steeves E. , Gittelsohn J. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryObjectiveThis study aims to examine the extent to which low‐income African‐American children's weight status, psychosocial characteristics and food‐related behaviours are associated with that of their adult caregivers.MethodsCross‐sectional data from baseline evaluation of B'More Healthy Communities for Kids obesity prevention trial were used. Outcomes of interest were children's overweight and/or obesity status, food‐related self‐efficacy, knowledge, intentions and healthier/less healthy food acquisition scores. The primary exposures were adult caregiver's overweight and/or obesity status, their psychosocial factors and food acquisition scores. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to assess associations.ResultsChildren had higher odds of overweight or obesity if they had an overweight/obese caregiver (odds ratio [OR] 4.04, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.59–10.28) or an obese caregiver (OR 2.50, 95%CI 1.39–4.51). Having a caregiver in the highest quartile of self‐efficacy, food intentions and healthy food acquisition patterns was associated with higher odds of their child also having a higher score on these factors (self‐efficacy: OR 3.77 [95%CI 1.76–8.04]; food intentions: OR 1.13 [95%CI 1.01–1.27]; and healthy food acquisition: OR 2.19 [95%CI 1.05–4.54]).ConclusionsChild and adult caregiver weight status and psychosocial characteristics were positively associated in this low‐income, urban population. These findings may help inform obesity treatment or prevention programmes and interventions aimed at parents and families.
Effects of meal composition on postprandial incretin, glucose and insulin responses after surgical and medical weight loss
Authors: Lee C. J. , Brown T. T. , Cheskin L. J. , Choi P. , Moran T. H. , Peterson L. , Matuk R. , Steele K. E. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryBackgroundMeal tolerance tests are frequently used to study dynamic incretin and insulin responses in the postprandial state; however, the optimal meal that is best tolerated and suited for hormonal response following surgical and medical weight loss has yet to be determined.ObjectiveTo evaluate the tolerability and effectiveness of different test meals in inducing detectable changes in markers of glucose metabolism in individuals who have undergone a weight loss intervention.MethodsSix individuals who underwent surgical or medical weight loss (two Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass, two sleeve gastrectomy and two medical weight loss) each completed three meal tolerance tests using liquid‐mixed, solid‐mixed and high‐fat test meals. The tolerability of each test meal, as determined by the total amount consumed and palatability, as well as fasting and meal‐stimulated glucagon‐like peptide, glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, insulin and glucose were measured.ResultsAmong the six individuals, the liquid‐mixed meal was better and more uniformly tolerated with a median meal completion rate of 99%. Among the four bariatric surgical patients, liquid‐mixed meal stimulated on average a higher glucagon‐like peptide (percent difference: 83.7, 89), insulin secretion (percent difference: 155.1, 158.7) and glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (percent difference: 113.5, 34.3) compared with solid‐mixed and high‐fat meals.ConclusionsThe liquid‐mixed meal was better tolerated with higher incretin and insulin response compared with the high‐fat and solid‐mixed meals and is best suited for the evaluation of stimulated glucose homeostasis.