bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovations in Practice: Using clinician‐rated outcomes to support improved service decision making in a Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service
Authors: Fuggle Peter , Cleridou Kalia 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundClinical outcomes are now routinely collected in most services. However, there is a need to make full use of the information collected in order to improve the use of limited Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS) resources. This paper describes a method of improving service decision making by making the interpretation of outcomes data accessible to frontline staff.MethodClinician ratings of child outcomes for 2876 cases were routinely collected between 2009 and 2013 in a single CAMHS service. These outcomes were assessed against seven ‘point of entry’ and ‘treatment’ variables.ResultsOlder children, referred by social care and presenting with multiple problems were associated with worse treatment outcomes than other service users. These findings were used to create an accessible Service Evaluation Chart of outcomes, to support discussion and decision making within the service. This process enabled the identification of a group who had particularly poor outcomes and resulted in consideration about service changes to try to improve outcomes for this specific group.ConclusionsProviding clinicians with accessible information about outcomes promotes the likelihood of outcomes being used in service decision making.
Proinflammatory cytokine interferon-γ and microbiome-derived metabolites dictate epigenetic switch between forkhead box protein 3 isoforms in coeliac disease
Authors: Serena G , Yan S , Camhi S , Patel S , Lima R S , Sapone A , Leonard M M , Mukherjee R , Nath B J , Lammers K M , Fasano A 
Published: December 2016

Summary
Coeliac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy triggered by gluten and characterized by a strong T helper type 1 (Th1)/Th17 immune response in the small intestine. Regulatory T cells (Treg) are CD4+CD25++forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3+) cells that regulate the immune response. Conversely to its counterpart, FoxP3 full length (FL), the alternatively spliced isoform FoxP3 Δ2, cannot properly down-regulate the Th17-driven immune response. As the active state of CD has been associated with impairments in Treg cell function, we aimed at determining whether imbalances between FoxP3 isoforms may be associated with the disease. Intestinal biopsies from patients with active CD showed increased expression of FOXP3 Δ2 isoform over FL, while both isoforms were expressed similarly in non-coeliac control subjects (HC). Conversely to what we saw in the intestine, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from HC subjects did not show the same balance between isoforms. We therefore hypothesized that the intestinal microenvironment may play a role in modulating alternative splicing. The proinflammatory intestinal microenvironment of active patients has been reported to be enriched in butyrate-producing bacteria, while high concentrations of lactate have been shown to characterize the preclinical stage of the disease. We show that the combination of interferon (IFN)-γ and butyrate triggers the balance between FoxP3 isoforms in HC subjects, while the same does not occur in CD patients. Furthermore, we report that lactate increases both isoforms in CD patients. Collectively, these findings highlight the importance of the ratio between FoxP3 isoforms in CD and, for the first time, associate the alternative splicing process mechanistically with microbial-derived metabolites.
Use of demand for and spatial flow of ecosystem services to identify priority areas
Authors: Verhagen Willem , Kukkala Aija S. , Moilanen Atte , van Teeffelen Astrid J.A. , Verburg Peter H. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPolicies and research increasingly focus on the protection of ecosystem services (ESs) through priority‐area conservation. Priority areas for ESs should be identified based on ES capacity and ES demand and account for the connections between areas of ES capacity and demand (flow) resulting in areas of unique demand–supply connections (flow zones). We tested ways to account for ES demand and flow zones to identify priority areas in the European Union. We mapped the capacity and demand of a global (carbon sequestration), a regional (flood regulation), and 3 local ESs (air quality, pollination, and urban leisure). We used Zonation software to identify priority areas for ESs based on 6 tests: with and without accounting for ES demand and 4 tests that accounted for the effect of ES flow zone. There was only 37.1% overlap between the 25% of priority areas that encompassed the most ESs with and without accounting for ES demand. The level of ESs maintained in the priority areas increased from 23.2% to 57.9% after accounting for ES demand, especially for ESs with a small flow zone. Accounting for flow zone had a small effect on the location of priority areas and level of ESs maintained but resulted in fewer flow zones without ES maintained relative to ignoring flow zones. Accounting for demand and flow zones enhanced representation and distribution of ESs with local to regional flow zones without large trade‐offs relative to the global ES. We found that ignoring ES demand led to the identification of priority areas in remote regions where benefits from ES capacity to society were small. Incorporating ESs in conservation planning should therefore always account for ES demand to identify an effective priority network for ESs.
Fixism and conservation science
Authors: Robert Alexandre , Fontaine Colin , Veron Simon , Monnet Anne‐Christine , Legrand Marine , Clavel Joanne , Chantepie Stéphane , Couvet Denis , Ducarme Frédéric , Fontaine Benoît , Jiguet Frédéric , le Viol Isabelle , Rolland Jonathan , Sarrazin François , Teplitsky Céline , Mouchet Maud 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe field of biodiversity conservation has recently been criticized as relying on a fixist view of the living world in which existing species constitute at the same time targets of conservation efforts and static states of reference, which is in apparent disagreement with evolutionary dynamics. We reviewed the prominent role of species as conservation units and the common benchmark approach to conservation that aims to use past biodiversity as a reference to conserve current biodiversity. We found that the species approach is justified by the discrepancy between the time scales of macroevolution and human influence and that biodiversity benchmarks are based on reference processes rather than fixed reference states. Overall, we argue that the ethical and theoretical frameworks underlying conservation research are based on macroevolutionary processes, such as extinction dynamics. Current species, phylogenetic, community, and functional conservation approaches constitute short‐term responses to short‐term human effects on these reference processes, and these approaches are consistent with evolutionary principles.
Does Talker‐Specific Information Influence Lexical Competition? Evidence From Phonological Priming
Authors: Dufour Sophie , Nguyen Noël 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn this study, we examined whether the lexical competition process embraced by most models of spoken word recognition is sensitive to talker‐specific information. We used a lexical decision task and a long lag priming experiment in which primes and targets sharing all phonemes except the last one (e.g., /bagaR/“fight” vs. /bagaƷ/“luggage”) were presented in two separate blocks of stimuli. In Experiment 1, the competitor prime block was presented only once to listeners, and no modulation of the competitor priming effect as a function of a talker change between the primes and targets was observed. However, attenuation in the competitor priming effect in the case of a talker change between the primes and targets was observed in Experiment 2 in which the competitor prime block was presented five times to listeners. We discuss our findings in reference to hybrid models of spoken word recognition in which repetition of words with the same talker could be a key factor in the formation and access to talker‐dependent representations.
Pathways for plant‐mediated negative feedback to insect herbivores: accounting for non‐linear effects of larval density on plant quality and quantity
Authors: McNutt David W. , Samuelson Kathryn , Underwood Nora 
Published: December 2016

AbstractChanges in plant traits induced by herbivore damage can produce a negative feedback to increasing herbivore densities. Several aspects of these plant‐mediated feedbacks are predicted to influence herbivore population dynamics, but the degree to which feedbacks are non‐linear, whether their strength varies among plant genotypes, and whether they occur via changes in the quality of plant tissue or the amount of tissue available have rarely been examined. In this study, we damaged five genotypes of the perennial weed Carolina horsenettle, Solanum carolinense L. (Solanaceae), with eight densities of the false potato beetle, Leptinotarsa juncta (Germar) (Coleoptera: Chysomelidae, Chrysomelini). To account for plant quantity available to beetles, we measured the leaf area of each plant after imposing larval density treatments. We then measured the oviposition preference of L. juncta adults for damaged vs. undamaged plants and the relative growth rate (RGR) of L. juncta larvae on each plant, as well as plant trypsin proteinase inhibitor (tryPI) expression. We found that L. juncta females strongly preferred to oviposit on undamaged S. carolinense, and that preference for a plant decreased as the density of damaging larvae increased. In addition, we found decreased larval RGR and increased production of tryPIs with greater initial larval density. Effects of larval density on insect preference, performance, and tryPI expression were linear and did not vary among plant genotypes. Larval density effects were not solely due to reduced plant quantity, as plant leaf area had no effect on oviposition preference or larval performance. This suggests that effects were most likely due to changes in the quality of plant tissue. Thus, negative feedback on increasing larval density can be mediated by the effects of induced resistance on both oviposition preference and larval performance. Published models suggest that the linear, quality‐mediated feedbacks observed in this experiment are predicted to stabilize herbivore population dynamics.
Influence of plant age, temperature, and moisture onProtaphorura fimatafeeding injury on lettuce in the Salinas Valley ofCalifornia,USA
Authors: Joseph Shimat V. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractProtaphorura fimataGisin (Collembola:Onychiuridae) is a serious pest of lettuce,Lactuca sativaL. (Asteraceae), seedlings in the Salinas Valley of California,USA. Little is known about the growth stages at which lettuce seedlings are vulnerable toP. fimatafeeding, and how temperature and soil moisture affect symptoms and severity of feeding injury. To determine the most vulnerable lettuce seedling stage toP. fimatafeeding, sets of lettuce seeds were planted for six consecutive days on the soil within clear plastic cups. On the seventh day, all plants were exposed to 100P. fimatafor a week. The results indicate that the number of germinated seeds, fresh weight, and dry weight were significantly lower in 1‐day‐old seedlings than in 3‐ to 6‐day‐old seedlings. To determine effects of soil moisture onP. fimatafeeding, various amounts of distilled water (1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, or 6.5 ml) were added to 10 g of soil in containers planted with lettuce. Plants were later exposed to 100P. fimatafor a week. Results indicate that the seedlings that received 6.5 ml water had significantly lower seed germination and fresh weight, but a greater percentage of injured seedlings and more feeding punctures per germinated seed, than the seedlings that received 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, or 5.5 ml of distilled water. In the temperature assay, 100P. fimatawere exposed to lettuce seeds maintained at 5.4, 10.8, 15.5, 21.2, 29.1, or 33.0 °C for 31, 12, 8, 7, 5, and 5 days, respectively, until the first pair of leaves became fully expanded.Protaphorura fimatacaused feeding injury on the germinating lettuce seeds in all temperature ranges except at 33.0 °C. The number of seeds germinated and fresh weight of seedlings were significantly lower in the seedlings exposed toP. fimatathan unexposed seedlings at all the temperature ranges.
Physics‐based search and optimization: Inspirations from nature
Authors: Siddique Nazmul , Adeli Hojjat 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis paper presents a review of recently developed physics‐based search and optimization algorithms that have been inspired by natural phenomena. They include Big Bang–Big Crunch, black hole search, galaxy‐based search, artificial physics optimization, electromagnetism optimization, charged system search, colliding bodies optimization, and particle collision algorithm.
Predicting Water Resource Impacts of Unconventional Gas Using Simple Analytical Equations
Authors: Cook P.G. , Miller A. , Shanafield M. , Simmons C.T. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe rapid expansion in unconventional gas development over the past two decades has led to concerns over the potential impacts on groundwater resources. Although numerical models are invaluable for assessing likelihood of impacts at particular sites, simpler analytical models are also useful because they help develop hydrological understanding. Analytical approaches are also valuable for preliminary assessments and to determine where more complex models are warranted. In this article, we present simple analytical solutions that can be used to predict: (1) the spatial extent of drawdown from horizontal wells drilled into the gas‐bearing formation, and rate of recovery after gas production ceases; (2) the potential for upward transport of contaminants from the gas‐bearing formation to shallow aquifers during hydraulic fracturing operations when pressures in the gas‐bearing formation are greatly increased; and (3) the potential downward leakage of water from shallow aquifers during depressurization of gas‐bearing formations. In particular, we show that the recovery of pressure after production ceases from gas‐bearing shale formations may take several hundred years, and we present critical hydraulic conductivity values for intervening aquitards, below which the impact on shallow aquifers will be negligible. The simplifying assumptions inherent in these solutions will limit their predictive accuracy for site‐specific assessments, compared to numerical models that incorporate knowledge of spatial variations in formation properties and which may include processes not considered in the simpler solutions.
Low dose prophylaxis in Tunisian children with haemophilia
Authors: Gouider E. , Jouini L. , Achour M. , Elmahmoudi H. , Zahra K. , Saied W. , Meddeb B. 
Published: December 2016

IntroductionLow dose prophylaxis could be recommended in countries with limited resources.AimWe report our single centre experience in children with haemophilia.PatientsFifty‐five children were included in our study with a weekly median dose of 30 UI kg−1 given once, twice or thrice a week. Age of initiation of prophylaxis is 5.32 years (0.64–11.44). Outcome assessment used were number of bleeding before and after initiating prophylaxis, haemophilia joint health score (HJHS), functional independence score in haemophilia (FISH) and quality of life with the Haemo‐QoL.ResultsReduction of number of bleeding was clear in all patients; HJHS, FISH and Haemo‐QOL were satisfactory.ConclusionLow dose prophylaxis is effective and better than on‐demand therapy. It should be the starting point for prophylaxis in countries with limited resources.
Safety and efficacy of daclatasvir and asunaprevir in hepatitis C virus‐infected patients with renal impairment
Authors: Suda Goki , Nagasaka Atsushi , Yamamoto Yoshiya , Furuya Ken , Kumagai Kenichi , Kudo Mineo , Terashita Katsumi , Kobayashi Tomoe , Tsunematsu Izumi , Yoshida Junichi , Meguro Takashi , Kimura Megumi , Ito Jun , Umemura Machiko , Izumi Takaaki , Tsunematsu Seiji , Sato Fumiyuki , Tsukuda Yoko , Nakai Masato , Sho Takuya , Natsuizaka Mitsuteru , Morikawa Kenichi , Ogawa Koji , Sakamoto Naoya ,   for the NORTE Study Group
Published: December 2016

AimHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a risk factor for end‐stage renal disease, renal graft failure, and hemodialysis patient mortality. However, the efficacy of direct‐acting antiviral therapy for HCV‐infected patients with renal impairment is unclear. Additionally, the promising NS5B inhibitor sofosbuvir has not been recommended for patients with severe renal impairment. In this prospective, multicenter study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of daclatasvir and asunaprevir combination therapy, with a focus on patients with renal impairment.MethodsThe study included 322 genotype 1 HCV‐infected patients who received daclatasvir and asunaprevir combination therapy. The safety and sustained virological response was examined at 12 weeks after the end of treatment and safety was evaluated according to renal function.ResultsOf 322 patients, 5% (16/322) and 2.5% (8/322) had chronic kidney disease stage G3b (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR], 30–44 mL/min/1.73 m2) and stage G4/5 (eGFR, 15–29/<15 mL/min/1.73 m2), respectively. Baseline presence of the NS5A resistance‐associated variant, previous simeprevir treatment, and HCV RNA titers, which were predictors of a sustained viral response, were similar between patients with eGFR <45 mL/min/1.73 m2 and eGFR >45 mL/min/1.73 m2. Notably, the 12‐week sustained viral response rate was comparable in patients with eGFR <45 mL/min/1.73 m2 (100%, 24/24) and those with eGFR >45 mL/min/1.73 m2 (88.9%, 265/298; P = 0.07). Treatment discontinuation rates and adverse events, including alanine aminotransferase elevation, anemia, and renal disorders, were similar between the two groups.ConclusionDaclatasvir and asunaprevir combination therapy for patients with renal dysfunction was highly effective and safe.
Activation programmes for women with a partner in Germany: Challenge or replication of traditional gender roles
Authors: Kopf Eva , Zabel Cordula 
Published: December 2016

In 2005, Germany implemented major welfare benefit reforms that encourage an adult worker model of the family. In this study, we hypothesised that, despite these reforms, women's assignments to activation programmes would in practice still tend to replicate the degree of labour market attachment to which they had become accustomed relative to their partner in the past. We compared programme entries between women in former male breadwinner, dual earner, no‐earner and female breadwinner households and applied event‐history analysis to large‐scale administrative data. Our findings showed that in western Germany – but not in eastern Germany – women's assignments to activation programmes indeed replicated their prior labour market attachment relative to their partner.Key Practitioner Message: • Among women receiving Unemployment Benefit II in Germany, women with partners participate in activation programmes less often; • This tendency applies especially to western German women with less employment experience and lower former earnings than their partners; • A framework should be devised to inquire about previously non‐employed women's interests in ALMP participation and offer them such opportunities.
Long non‐coding RNA: a versatile regulator of the nuclear factor‐κB signalling circuit
Authors: Mao Xiaohua , Su Zhenyi , Mookhtiar Adnan K. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThe nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) family of transcription factors play an essential role for the regulation of inflammatory responses, immune function and malignant transformation. Aberrant activity of this signalling pathway may lead to inflammation, autoimmune diseases and oncogenesis. Over the last two decades great progress has been made in the understanding of NF‐κB activation and how the response is counteracted for maintaining tissue homeostasis. Therapeutic targeting of this pathway has largely remained ineffective due to the widespread role of this vital pathway and the lack of specificity of the therapies currently available. Besides regulatory proteins and microRNAs, long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) is emerging as another critical layer of the intricate modulatory architecture for the control of the NF‐κB signalling circuit. In this paper we focus on recent progress concerning lncRNA‐mediated modulation of the NF‐κB pathway, and evaluate the potential therapeutic uses and challenges of using lncRNAs that regulate NF‐κB activity.
Electrocardiographic Predictors of Long‐Term Cardiac Pacing Dependency Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: NAVEH SIVAN , PERLMAN GIDON Y. , ELITSUR YAIR , PLANER DAVID , GILON DAN , LEIBOWITZ DAVID , LOTAN CHAIM , DANENBERG HAIM , ALCALAI RONNY 
Published: December 2016

Pacing Dependency Following TAVIBackgroundConduction disorders requiring permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation are a known complication of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Indications for permanent pacing in this setting are still controversial. The study aim was to characterize the natural history of conduction disorders related to TAVI, and to identify predictors for long‐term pacing dependency.MethodsConsecutive patients who underwent TAVI were included in this prospective observational study. The conduction system was investigated by reviewing 12‐lead ECGs during hospitalization and up to 1‐year follow‐up and by analyzing pacemaker interrogation data. Multivariate analysis was performed in order to identify independent predictors for pacemaker dependency.ResultsOf 110 patients included in the analysis, 38 (34.5%) underwent PPM implantation. Of those, 26 (68.4%) had a long‐term pacing dependency (required PPM), while 12 (31.6%) did not (not‐required PPM). Logistic regression revealed that baseline RBBB (P = 0.01, OR = 18.0), baseline PR interval (P = 0.019, OR = 1.14), post‐TAVI PR interval and the change in PR interval from baseline (P < 0.001 for both, OR = 1.17 for each 10 milliseconds increment) were independent predictors for long‐term pacing dependency. A PR interval increment of greater than 28 milliseconds had the best accuracy in predicting pacemaker dependency.ConclusionsIncreased pre‐ and postprocedural PR intervals and pre‐existing RBBB are reliable predictors for long‐term PPM dependency, while left bundle branch block or QRS width are misleading factors. Our study suggests that the decision for implanting PPM after TAVI should be based mostly on the prolongation of the PR interval.
Where Does the Buck Stop? Explaining Public Responsibility Attributions in Complex International Institutions
Authors: Rittberger Berthold , Schwarzenbeck Helena , Zangl Bernhard 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWho is held publicly responsible for the policies of international institutions? Are member states or supranational bodies held responsible or are public responsibility attributions (PRA) untargeted? We argue that in complex policy‐making systems responsibility tends to be attributed to implementing actors. When, however, a policy does not require active implementation, we expect responsibility attributions to be untargeted. To test these expectations, we analyze PRA in the European public for three EU migration policies: (1) border control policies, (2) the distribution of refugees according to the ‘Dublin’‐system, and (3) so‐called welfare migration facilitated by the ‘freedom of movement’ principle. Our analysis corroborates that PRA reflect the structure of policy implementation: (1) PRA for EU border controls target the EU; (2) PRA for the distribution of refugees target member states; (3) PRA for welfare migration are untargeted. The paper thus highlights an accountability gap for policies that do not require implementation.