bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Time Interval Between Symptoms Onset, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Intervention in Lung Cancer: A Cross‐Sectional Study in Southern Iran
Authors: Salehi Alireza , Rezvani Alireza , Fallahi Mohammad Javad , Gholamabbas Ghazal , Moayedfar Maryam 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimDelay in diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer is thought to be a major cause of its poor outcomes. We evaluated the delays within the presentation to the initiation of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions amongst lung cancer patients in Southern Iran.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted from March 2019 to March 2021. The data collected through interview included socio‐demographic, medical and clinical findings, and the time intervals needed to visit physician, refer to specialist, request diagnostic procedures, reach diagnosis of lung cancer, and hospitalization.ResultsEighty‐nine patients (58 males and 31 females) with a mean age of 61.01 ± 12.25 years were included. The median time of symptom presentation and first physician visit interval was 25 days. Sixty‐five days were spent for requesting, performing, and evaluating the diagnostic procedures. The median interval between diagnosis and initiation of treatment was 16 days. Totally, it took an average of 122 days from the presentation to the definite diagnosis of lung cancer. Patient‐, diagnosis‐, and treatment‐related delays were not significantly correlated with any of the demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical (disease stage, symptom) variables, as well as the diagnosis tool and the first physician who visited the patient (p > 0.05).ConclusionsThere was a significant delay but relatively similar to other countries in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer patients in Southern Iran. The largest portion of delay could be attributed to the raising clinical suspicion in the physicians, referral for diagnostic assessments, and the diagnosis process.
Behavioral Assays for Comprehensive Evaluation of Cognitive and Neuropsychiatric Comorbidities of Traumatic Brain Injury and Chronic Neurological Disorders
Authors: Reddy Doodipala Samba , Li Yue , Qamari Taha , Ramakrishnan Sreevidhya 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNeurological deficits, psychiatric disorders, and cognitive impairments often accompany stroke, brain injury, epilepsy, and many neurological disorders, which present intricate comorbidities that challenge recognition and management. There are many tools and paradigms for evaluating learning, memory, anxiety, and depression‐like behaviors in lab animal models of brain disorders. However, there is a significant gap between clinical observations and experimental models, which limit understanding of the complex interplay between chronic brain conditions and their impact on cognitive dysfunction and psychiatric impairments. This article describes an overview of experimental rationale, methods, protocols, and strategies for evaluating sensorimotor, affective and cognitive‐associated comorbid behaviors in epilepsy, traumatic brain injury (TBI), stroke, spinal cord injury (SCI), and many other neurological disorders. First, we delve into clinical evidence elucidating the profound impact of comorbidities, e.g., psychiatric disorders and cognitive deficits, in individuals with epilepsy. Then, we discuss diverse approaches to assess these comorbidities in experimental models of brain diseases. Finally, we explore the methodologies for assessing motor function, sensorimotor, behavior, and psychiatric health. We cover strategies and protocols enabling these assays, including implementing behavioral paradigms to assess learning and memory, anxiety, and depression‐like behaviors in rodents in health and disease conditions. It is essential to consider a comprehensive battery of tests to investigate various behavioral deficits, considering environment, age, and sex differences relevant to the disease, such as TBI, SCI, epilepsy, stroke, and other complex neurological conditions. © 2024 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
De Novo Synthesis of Error‐Free Long Oligos
Authors: Fang Shiyue , Arneson Reed , Yin Yipeng , Yuan Yinan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis protocol describes the synthesis of long oligonucleotides (up to 401‐mer), their isolation from complex mixtures using the catching‐by‐polymerization (CBP) method, and the selection of error‐free sequence via cloning followed by Sanger sequencing. Oligo synthesis is achieved under standard automated solid‐phase synthesis conditions with only minor yet critical adjustments using readily available reagents. The CBP method involves tagging the full‐length sequence with a polymerizable tagging phosphoramidite (PTP), co‐polymerizing the sequence into a polymer, washing away failure sequences, and cleaving the full‐length sequence from the polymer. Cloning and sequencing guided selection of error‐free sequence overcome the problems of substitution, deletion, and addition errors that cannot be addressed using any other methods, including CBP. Long oligos are needed in many areas such as protein engineering and synthetic biology. The methods described here are particularly important for projects requiring long oligos containing long repeats or stable higher‐order structures, which are difficult or impossible to produce using any other existing technologies. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Long oligo synthesisSupport Protocol 1: Synthesis of polymerizable tagging phosphoramidite (PTP)Support Protocol 2: Synthesis of 5′‐O‐Bz phosphoramiditeBasic Protocol 2: Catching‐by‐polymerization (CBP) purificationBasic Protocol 3: Error‐free sequence selection via cloning and sequencing
Australian Dentists' Knowledge of the Consequences of Interpretive Errors in Dental Radiographs and Potential Mitigation Measures
Authors: Hegde Shwetha , Nanayakkara Shanika , Cox Stephen , Vasa Rajesh , Gao Jinlong 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesDental radiographs, typically taken and interpreted by dentists, are essential for diagnosis and effective treatment planning. Interpretive errors in dental radiographs, stemming from failures of visual and cognitive processes, can affect both patients and clinicians. This survey aimed to assess the dental practitioners' perceptions of the consequences of these errors and potential measures to minimize them.Materials and MethodsThis online anonymized survey assessed Australian dental practitioners' perceptions of the consequences of these errors and potential mitigation measures using ranking, Likert scale, and open‐ended questions. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis.ResultsParticipants identified undertreatment (72%) and legal implications (82%) as the most significant consequences of interpretive errors, whereas severe harm to patients was deemed the least likely. Dental practitioners placed a greater emphasis on maintaining a high level of competence and the well‐being of their patients. Utilizing high‐quality images (63.9%) and appropriate radiographs (59.7%) were identified as the most effective measures to minimize interpretive errors. Participants showed hesitancy regarding the reliance on machine learning as a clinical decision‐making tool.ConclusionsThe survey provides valuable practical insights into the consequences and targeted measures to minimize the occurrence of interpretive errors. Efforts to minimize interpretive errors should address patient safety and practitioners' concerns about professional reputation and business viability. The study also suggests further research into the role of machine learning algorithms in reducing interpretive errors in dentistry.
Boosting Thermogalvanic Cell Performance through Synergistic Redox and Thermogalvanic Corrosion
Authors: Fang Wei , Luo Haoran , Mwamburi Mwakitawa Ibrahim , Yuan Fang , Lin Xiaoxue , Wang Yifan , Yang Hao , Shumilova Tatyana , Hu Lijun , Zheng Yujie , Li Chen , Ouyang Jianyong , Sun Kuan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThermogalvanic cells with organic redox couple (OTGCs) have received significant attention for low‐grade heat harvesting due to their high thermopower, versatile molecular design, and tailorable physiochemical properties. However, their thermogalvanic conversion power output is largely hindered by slow kinetic rate, which limits practical applications. In this work, we demonstrate a high‐performance liquid quinone/hydroquinone (Q/HQ) based OTGC by synergistic coupling redox reaction and thermogalvanic corrosion. By adding hydrochloric acid (HCl) into electrolyte solution, HCl not only boosts intrinsic redox kinetic rate of Q/HQ, but also induces rapid thermogalvanic corrosion of the copper electrode. Notably, these two processes reinforce each other kinetically. Consequently, the Q/HQ‐based OTGC exhibits a rapid kinetic rate alongside an increased thermopower, leading to a significantly enhanced power output density. As a result, the Q/HQ‐based OTGC achieves an enhanced effective conductivity σeff of 4.22 S m−1 and a record high normalized power density Pmax (ΔT)−2 of 108.7 μW m−2 K−2. This strategy provides a feasible and effective method for development of high‐performance OTGCs.
Interlaboratory Evaluation of Bretziella fagacearum Molecular Detection Assays to Guide the eDNA Monitoring of Oak Wilt Disease
Authors: Gauthier Marie‐Krystel , Djoumad Abdelmadjid , Bal Tara L. , Bilodeau Guillaume J. , DiGirolomo Marc F. , Ony Meher , Hadziabdic Denita , McLaughlin Kelsey C. , Miles Laura , Munck Isabel , Snover‐Clift Karen Lynn , Tanguay Philippe 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTOak wilt disease, caused by the fungus Bretziella fagacearum, can kill mature red oaks within months of infection, severely affecting biodiversity, landscapes, and industries. The disease, originally only present in the United States, was officially reported for the first time in Canada in June 2023. The aim of this study was to suggest a standardized assay and sample processing method to optimize oak wilt detection both in infection centers and ahead of the disease front. Two previously published molecular assays, a Nested PCR and a TaqMan qPCR, were compared to detect B. fagacearum in a variety of samples in a ring trial across five laboratories. Sample types investigated included eDNA from trapped insect vectors (sorted insects and bulk content from traps), infested and healthy oak wood chips, and B. fagacearum conidia dilutions. Results demonstrated that both Nested and TaqMan assays can be used for molecular confirmation of oak wilt, and results are reproducible across different labs. There is a general agreement between both detection assays when testing true‐positive and true‐negative samples. Both methods demonstrated overall good accuracy. The TaqMan assay was more sensitive and detected lower amounts of DNA target. Both tests were 100% specific to oak wood samples, which was the best sample type to use for detection. In general, samples with high Cts were more prompted to yield false negative Nested results. Detecting oak wilt from bulk insect samples was by far more rapid than sorted sap beetles, but resulted in lower detection signals, especially with the Nested assay. The time‐period when the insect traps were set up also had considerable influence on detection results. We hope this study helps to formulate guidelines in oak wilt detection and biosurveillance management.
Continual Day–Night eDNA Detectability Amidst Diel Reef Species Fluctuations on Diver Transects
Authors: West Katrina M. , Jones Tyson R. , Denis‐Roy Lara , Johnson Olivia J. , Clausius Ella , Edgar Graham , Deagle Bruce 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTRecent research into the spatiotemporal dynamics of eDNA in marine environments indicates that eDNA signals are highly localized and may dissipate beyond detection levels within a few hours of production. This affects whether single‐timepoint eDNA sampling, which generally occurs during daylight hours, or cyclic (day/night) interval eDNA sampling is necessary to detect both diurnal and nocturnal marine species. Our study investigated short‐term variability in eDNA derived from fishes and macroinvertebrates across three temperate reef sites in eastern Tasmania, Australia. Simultaneous eDNA and underwater visual census (UVC) diver transect surveys were conducted every 6 h over a 24‐h period to investigate whether eDNA was able to detect marine species outside of their UVC‐observed diel activity. We report that single‐timepoint eDNA sampling can detect both diurnal and nocturnal species on temperate reefscapes. A lack of eDNA compositional turnover between day and night suggests that eDNA persists beyond 12 h and/or is continuously produced by both diurnal and nocturnal reef taxa, irrespective of diel behavioral changes observed by UVC. Given high eDNA sample variability, however, we recommend a high replication level (> 10 × 1 L samples) to produce robust site community composition profiles. This study builds on emerging literature on short‐term variability in eDNA, assisting in the design of future eDNA studies at sites with pronounced variation in faunal activity between day and night.
Outcomes of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in cardiac sarcoidosis patients with a range of ejection fractions
Authors: Liu Alexander , Ahmed Raheel , Dulay Mansimran Singh , Okafor Joseph , Azzu Alessia , Ramphul Kamleshun , Shi Rui , Ballo Gerald , Baksi John Arun , Wechalekar Kshama , Khattar Rajdeep , Collins Peter , Wells Athol Umfrey , Kouranos Vasilis , Sharma Rakesh 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimsIn cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) patients, the benefit of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) remains unclear. We sought to assess the short‐term and long‐term effects of CRT in CS patients with a range of left ventricular (LV) ejection fractions (LVEFs).MethodsConsecutive CS patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF; LVEF ≤ 40%), mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF; LVEF 41%–49%) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF; LVEF ≥ 50) treated with CRT under the care of a tertiary UK centre between 2008 and 2023 were reviewed. CRT response was defined by >5% improvement in serial LVEF. The primary endpoint was a composite of all‐cause mortality, cardiac transplantation or unplanned hospitalization for decompensated heart failure. The secondary endpoint included ventricular arrhythmic events.ResultsOf the 100 patients enrolled (age 58 ± 10 years; 71% male), 63 had HFrEF, 17 had HFmrEF and 20 had HFpEF. After short‐term follow‐up (9.8 ± 5.4 months), HFrEF patients demonstrated significant LVEF response (P < 0.01). On Kaplan–Meier analysis (follow‐up 38 ± 32 months), HFrEF non‐responders had significantly worse event‐free survival compared with HFrEF responders for the primary (P < 0.001) and secondary (P = 0.001) endpoints. Despite short‐term LV function improvement, CRT responders still had worse event‐free survival compared with HFmrEF/HFpEF patients for the primary endpoint (P < 0.001). On multivariable Cox analysis, age [hazard ratio (HR) 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.10, P = 0.008] and HFrEF CRT non‐response (HR 12.33, 95% CI 2.45–61.87, P = 0.002) were associated with the primary endpoint.ConclusionsIn CS patients with HFrEF, CRT response is associated with a better long‐term prognosis than non‐response. However, HFrEF CRT responders still have worse long‐term prognosis than HFmrEF/HFpEF patients.
Russians’ Attitudes Towards the War in Ukraine
Authors: Wollast Robin , Phillips Joseph B. , Yahiiaiev Illia , Malysheva Karine , Klein Olivier , Sengupta Nikhil K. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe Russian invasion of Ukraine has caused considerable military casualties on both sides and widespread harm to Ukrainian civilians. While polls suggest that a slim majority of Russians endorse the invasion, the factors underpinning this support remain uncertain. We investigated factors associated with support for the war among Russians. In three large, diverse, samples of Russian adults (total N = 2856), we extend the dual process motivational model to the context of international warfare, focusing on two key ideologies: right‐wing authoritarianism (RWA) and social dominance orientation (SDO). Consistent with polling data, we find that approximately half of the participants support the war. Across studies, RWA, especially its submission facet, emerges as a strong and consistent predictor of increased support for the war in Ukraine. In contrast, the associations with SDO are weaker and more inconsistent, with anti‐egalitarianism playing only a minor role in opposing peace efforts. Additionally, factors such as Russian identification, nationalism, group efficacy, war‐related misperceptions and collective narcissism also contribute to war support. Our findings suggest that Russian support for the war may reflect broader support for the existing regime with backing for the military intervention serving as a demonstration of loyalty to Vladimir Putin and his government.
Modifications in Protein Structure and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition of Yak Casein Induced by Protease Treatment
Authors: Shang Gongru , Deng Mingqin , Zhang Yu , Suo Huayi , Song Jiajia 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTYak milk is abundant in casein, which can generate a variety of bioactive peptides through enzymatic hydrolysis. However, the influence of enzymatic hydrolysis on the structural properties of yak casein and its inhibitory effects on xanthine oxidase (XOD) remain largely unexplored. This study demonstrated that when yak casein was subjected to treatment with flavourzyme, the degree of hydrolysis progressively increased over time, resulting in the fragmentation of the casein's flake‐like structure into smaller particles. Circular dichroism analysis revealed that after 4 h of enzymatic treatment, there was an elevation in the β‐sheet content of the yak casein hydrolysate, while other secondary structure elements diminished. Furthermore, flavourzyme treatment induced modifications in the tertiary structure of yak casein. The study also examined the impact of varying hydrolysis durations on XOD inhibitory activity, discovering that the hydrolysate obtained after 3 h displayed the highest inhibition on XOD, with an inhibition rate of (40.63 ± 3.36) %. Additionally, the fraction of the hydrolysate with a molecular weight exceeding 3 kDa demonstrated enhanced XOD inhibitory activity. This study is the first to investigate how varying hydrolysis durations with flavourzyme affect the structural characteristics of yak casein and its XOD inhibitory activity.
The Impact of Homogenization Techniques and Conditions on Water‐In‐Oil Emulsions for Casein Hydrolysate–Loaded Double Emulsions: A Comparative Study
Authors: Salum Pelin , Ulubaş Çağla , Güven Onur , Cam Mustafa , Aydemir Levent Yurdaer , Erbay Zafer 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis study aims to evaluate homogenization techniques and conditions for producing stable, small droplet‐size water‐in‐oil (W/O) emulsions intended for incorporation into casein hydrolysate–loaded double emulsions. Three commonly used homogenization methods; rotor–stator, ultrasonic, and high‐pressure homogenization were individually optimized utilizing response surface methodology. Instances of over‐processing were observed, particularly with the rotor–stator and ultrasonic homogenizers under specific conditions. Nevertheless, optimal conditions were identified for each technique: 530 s at 17,800 rpm agitation speed for the rotor–stator homogenizer, 139 s at 39% amplitude for the ultrasonic homogenizer, and 520 s at 1475 bar for the high‐pressure homogenizer. Subsequently, the W/O emulsions produced under optimal conditions and their respective W1/O/W2 double emulsions were compared. The rotor–stator and high‐pressure homogenized W/O emulsions exhibited comparable narrow droplet‐size distributions, as indicated by similar Span values. However, high‐pressure homogenization failed to sufficiently minimize droplet size. Ultrasonic homogenization resulted in droplets at the 1‐μm scale but yielded more polydisperse droplet‐size distribution. According to TOPSIS analysis, an emulsion with a viscosity of 93.1 cP (centiPoise), a stability index of 93.8%, a D(90) of 0.67 μm (0th day), and a D(90) of 0.75 μm (30th day) produced using a rotor–stator was selected. Additionally, double emulsions containing primary emulsions prepared with the rotor–stator method demonstrated higher viscosity, narrower droplet‐size distribution, and lower creaming compared to other samples. This investigation sheds light on the influence of homogenization techniques on emulsion properties, providing valuable insights for optimizing double emulsion formulations.
From Root to Seed: Unearthing the Potential of Carrot Processing and Comprehensive Utilization
Authors: Ding Haiyan , Liu Menglong 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTCarrots, a globally cultivated root vegetable crop, are renowned for their nutritional and functional properties. However, the deep utilization and development of carrots and their derived products are limited in numerous countries, with a particular deficiency in advanced deep‐processing and transformation technologies. Consequently, the value of carrot products is diminished and resources are wasted. This review explores the nutritional value and characteristics of different carrot varieties, providing a comprehensive overview of the current state of carrot product processing. These products include primary processed products such as minimally processed carrots, dried carrots, pickles, preserves, fruit purees, yoghurt, juice, and essential oils, as well as processed by‐products including functional phytochemical extractions such as carotenoids, polyphenols, dietary fibers, active peptides, and glycoproteins. This review also covers other by‐products, including feeds, fast food boxes, and bioethanol production. Furthermore, cutting‐edge technologies related to carrot processing are discussed. The ultimate goal of this review is to provide researchers and practitioners with an in‐depth understanding of the present status of carrot production.
Cell Senescence and the Genetics of Melanoma Development
Authors: Constantinou Sophie M. , Bennett Dorothy C. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTCutaneous malignant melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer with an approximate lifetime risk of 1 in 38 in the UK. While exposure to ultraviolet radiation is a key environmental risk factor for melanoma, up to ~10% of patients report a family history of melanoma, and ~1% have a strong family history. The understanding of causal mutations in melanoma has been critical to the development of novel targeted therapies that have contributed to improved outcomes for late‐stage patients. Here, we review current knowledge of the genes affected by familial melanoma mutations and their partial overlap with driver genes commonly mutated in sporadic melanoma development. One theme linking a set of susceptibility loci/genes is the regulation of skin pigmentation and suntanning. The largest functional set of susceptibility variants, typically with high penetrance, includes CDKN2A, RB1, and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) mutations, associated with attenuation of cell senescence. We discuss the mechanisms of action of these gene sets in the biology and progression of nevi and melanoma.