bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between markers of glucose metabolism and risk of colorectal cancer
Authors: Xu Jinming , Ye Yao , Wu Han , Duerksen-Hughes Penelope , Zhang Honghe , Li Peiwei , Huang Jian , Yang Jun , Wu Yihua , Xia Dajing 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesIndependent epidemiological studies have evaluated the association between markers of glucose metabolism (including fasting glucose, fasting insulin, homeostasis model of risk assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and C peptide) and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, such associations have not been systematically analysed and no clear conclusions have been drawn. Therefore, we addressed this issue using a meta-analysis approach.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesPubMed and EMBASE were searched up to May 2015.Primary and secondary outcome measuresEither a fixed-effects or random-effects model was adopted to estimate overall ORs for the association between markers of glucose metabolism and the risk of CRC. In addition, dose–response, meta-regression, subgroup and publication bias analyses were conducted.Results35 studies involving 25 566 patients and 5 706 361 participants were included. Higher levels of fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, HbA1c and C peptide were all significantly associated with increased risk of CRC (fasting glucose, pooled OR=1.12, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.18; fasting insulin, pooled OR=1.42, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.69; HOMA-IR, pooled OR=1.47, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.74; HbA1c, pooled OR=1.22, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.47 (with borderline significance); C peptide, pooled OR=1.27, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.49). Subgroup analysis suggested that a higher HOMA-IR value was significantly associated with CRC risk in all subgroups, including gender, study design and geographic region. For the relative long-term markers, the association was significant for HbA1c in case–control studies, while C peptide was significantly associated with CRC risk in both the male group and colon cancer.ConclusionsThe real-time composite index HOMA-IR is a better indicator for CRC risk than are fasting glucose and fasting insulin. The relative long-term markers, HbA1c and C peptide, are also valid predictors for CRC risk. Considering the included case–control studies in the current analysis, more cohort studies are warranted to enhance future analysis.
Study protocol for the randomised controlled trial: combined multimarker screening and randomised patient treatment with ASpirin for evidence-based PREeclampsia prevention (ASPRE)
Authors: O'Gorman Neil , Wright David , Rolnik Daniel L , Nicolaides Kypros H , Poon Liona C 
Published: June 2016

IntroductionPre-eclampsia (PE) affects 2–3% of all pregnancies and is a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Prophylactic use of low-dose aspirin in women at risk for PE may substantially reduce the prevalence of the disease. Effective screening for PE requiring delivery before 37 weeks (preterm PE) can be provided by a combination of maternal factors, uterine artery Doppler, mean arterial pressure, maternal serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein A and placental growth factor at 11–13 weeks' gestation, with a detection rate of 75% at a false-positive rate of 10%. We present a protocol (V.6, date 25 January 2016) for the ASpirin for evidence-based PREeclampsia prevention (ASPRE) trial, which is a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomised controlled trial (RCT) that uses an effective PE screening programme to determine whether low-dose aspirin given to women from 11 to 13 weeks' gestation will reduce the incidence of preterm PE.Methods and analysisAll eligible women attending for their first trimester scan will be invited to participate in the screening study for preterm PE. Those found to be at high risk of developing preterm PE will be invited to participate in the RCT. Further scans will be conducted for assessment of fetal growth and biomarkers. Pregnancy and neonatal outcomes will be collected and analysed. The first enrolment for the pilot study was in April 2014. As of April 2016, 26 670 women have been screened and 1760 recruited to the RCT. The study is registered on the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) registry.Trial registration numberISRCTN13633058.
Epidemiology of cancers in Lahore, Pakistan, 2010–2012: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Badar Farhana , Mahmood Shahid , Yusuf Muhammed Aasim , Sultan Faisal 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesTo estimate the population-level cancer estimates for the Lahore district, which is part of the Punjab Cancer Registry (PCR), Pakistan. The average population per year of Lahore was estimated at 9.8 million in 2010–2012.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingThe Registry has 19 collaborating centres in Lahore that report their data to the Central Office located within a tertiary care cancer treatment facility in Lahore, Pakistan.ParticipantsPatients belonging to Lahore, of any age-group, and diagnosed with cancer in 2010–2012, were included in the study. They were followed up between July and October 2015 to determine their vital status.Outcome measuresSummaries were generated for gender, the basis of diagnosis, diagnoses and deaths. The Age-Standardized Incidence Rates (ASIR) were computed per 100 000 population, by gender and cancer site. Five-year age categories were created from 0–4 until 70–74, followed by 75+ years. Death counts were reported by site.ResultsBetween 2010 and 2012, in Lahore, a total of 15 840 new cancers were diagnosed in 43% male patients and 57% female patients; 93.5% were microscopically confirmed and 6.5% non-microscopically. In females, the ASIR was 105.1 and in males, it was 66.7. ASIRs of leading cancers among women were breast 47.6, ovary 4.9 and corpus uteri 3.6, whereas among men they were prostate 6.4, bladder 5.0, and trachea, bronchus and lung 4.6. A total of 5134 deaths were recorded.ConclusionsIn Lahore, the ASIR was higher in women than in men. Among women and men, breast cancer and prostate cancer, respectively, were the leading cancer types. These estimates can be used for health promotion and policymaking in the region.
PReventing early unplanned hOspital readmission aFter critical ILlnEss (PROFILE): protocol and analysis framework for a mixed methods study
Authors: Walsh Timothy S , Salisbury Lisa , Donaghy Eddie , Ramsay Pamela , Lee Robert , Rattray Janice , Lone Nazir 
Published: June 2016

IntroductionSurvivors of critical illness experience multidimensional disabilities that reduce quality of life, and 25–30% require unplanned hospital readmission within 3 months following index hospitalisation. We aim to understand factors associated with unplanned readmission; develop a risk model to identify intensive care unit (ICU) survivors at highest readmission risk; understand the modifiable and non-modifiable readmission drivers; and develop a risk assessment tool for identifying patients and areas for early intervention.Methods and analysisWe will use mixed methods with concurrent data collection. Quantitative data will comprise linked healthcare records for adult Scottish residents requiring ICU admission (1 January 2000–31 December 2013) who survived to hospital discharge. The outcome will be unplanned emergency readmission within 90 days of index hospital discharge. Exposures will include pre-ICU demographic data, comorbidities and health status, and critical illness variables representing illness severity. Regression analyses will be used to identify factors associated with increased readmission risk, and to develop and validate a risk prediction model. Qualitative data will comprise recorded/transcribed interviews with up to 60 patients and carers recently experiencing unplanned readmissions in three health board regions. A deductive and inductive thematic analysis will be used to identify factors contributing to readmissions and how they may interact. Through iterative triangulation of quantitative and qualitative data, we will develop a construct/taxonomy that captures reasons and drivers for unplanned readmission. We will validate and further refine this in focus groups with patients/carers who experienced readmissions in six Scottish health board regions, and in consultation with an independent expert group. A tool will be developed to screen for ICU survivors at risk of readmission and inform anticipatory interventions.Ethics and disseminationData linkage has approval but does not require ethical approval. The qualitative study has ethical approval. Dissemination with key healthcare stakeholders and policymakers is planned.Trial registration numberUKCRN18023.
The Locality of Distributed Symmetry Breaking
Authors: Barenboim Leonid , Elkin Michael , Pettie Seth , Schneider Johannes 
Published: June 2016

Symmetry-breaking problems are among the most well studied in the field of distributed computing and yet the most fundamental questions about their complexity remain open. In this article we work in the LOCAL model (where the input graph and underlying distributed network are identical) and study the
randomized
complexity of four fundamental symmetry-breaking problems on graphs: computing MISs (maximal independent sets), maximal matchings, vertex colorings, and ruling sets. A small sample of our results includes the following:

—An MIS algorithm running in
O
(log
2
Δ + 2

o
(√log log
n
)

) time, where Δ is the maximum degree. This is the first MIS algorithm to improve on the 1986 algorithms of Luby and Alon, Babai, and Itai, when log
n
≪ Δ ≪ 2√log
n
, and comes close to the Ω(log Δ / log log Δ lower bound of Kuhn, Moscibroda, and Wattenhofer.

—A maximal matching algorithm running in
O
(log Δ + log
4
log
n
) time. This is the first significant improvement to the 1986 algorithm of Israeli and Itai. Moreover, its dependence on Δ is
nearly optimal
.

—A (Δ + 1)-coloring algorithm requiring
O
(log Δ + 2

o
(√log log
n
)

time, improving on an
O
(log Δ + √log
n
)-time algorithm of Schneider and Wattenhofer.

—A method for reducing symmetry-breaking problems in low arboricity/degeneracy graphs to low-degree graphs. (Roughly speaking, the arboricity or degeneracy of a graph bounds the density of any subgraph.) Corollaries of this reduction include an
O
(√log
n
)-time maximal matching algorithm for graphs with arboricity up to 2√log
n
and an
O
(log
2/3
n
)-time MIS algorithm for graphs with arboricity up to 2

(log
n
)1/3

.

Each of our algorithms is based on a simple but powerful technique for reducing a
randomized
symmetry-breaking task to a corresponding
deterministic
one on a poly(log
n
)-size graph.
A New Class of Bifunctional Major Histocompatibility Class I Antibody Fusion Molecules to Redirect CD8 T Cells
Authors: Schmittnaegel Martina , Hoffmann Eike , Imhof-Jung Sabine , Fischer Cornelia , Drabner Georg , Georges Guy , Klein Christian , Knoetgen Hendrik 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Bifunctional antibody fusion proteins engaging effector T cells for targeted elimination of tumor cells via CD3 binding have shown efficacy in both preclinical and clinical studies. Different from such a polyclonal T-cell recruitment, an alternative concept is to engage only antigen-specific T-cell subsets. Recruitment of specific subsets of T cells may be as potent but potentially lead to fewer side effects. Tumor-targeted peptide–MHC class I complexes (pMHCI-IgGs) bearing known antigenic peptides complexed with MHC class I molecules mark tumor cells as antigenic and utilize the physiologic way to interact with and activate T-cell receptors. If, for example, virus-specific CD8+ T cells are addressed, the associated strong antigenicity and tight immune surveillance of the effector cells could lead to efficacious antitumor treatment in various tissues. However, peptide–MHC class I fusions are difficult to express recombinantly, especially when fused to entire antibody molecules. Consequently, current formats are largely limited to small antibody fragment fusions expressed in bacteria followed by refolding or chemical conjugation. Here, we describe a new molecular format bearing a single pMHCI complex per IgG fusion molecule characterized by enhanced stability and expression yields. This molecular format can be expressed in a full immunoglobulin format and can be designed as mono- or bivalent antibody binders. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(9); 2130–42. ©2016 AACR.
An Overview on Current Researches on Underwater Sensor Networks: Applications, Challenges and Future Trends
Authors: Amoli Pedram Vahdani 
Published: June 2016

<p>Nowadays, Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSN), in which data is collected through underwater sensors, have drawn lots of concern. Generally, wireless sensor network (WSNs) have important applications such as remote environmental monitoring and target tracking. This possibility is enabled by the available smaller and cheaper sensors. These sensors are equipped with wireless interfaces which they form a network. However, there are various problems specified to underwater environments, including the communication medium. Designs of these types of networks significantly depend on their application, and factors such as environment, design objectives of the application, cost, hardware and system constraints. The goal of this work is to review the literature on various aspects of UWSNs, and present an overview of several new applications and their challenges on UWSN. <span>Publications are reviewed to show the statistics of published works in several aspects.</span></p>
Stone Image Classification Based on Overlapped 5-bit T-Patterns occurrence on 5-by-5 Sub Images
Authors: Vijay Kumar Palnati , Kumar Pullela S V V S R , Madhuri Nakkella , Devi M Uma 
Published: June 2016

Texture classification is widely used in understanding the visual patterns and has wide range of applications. The present paper derived a novel approach to classify the stone textures based on the patterns occurrence on each sub window. The present approach identifies overlapped nine 5 bit T-patterns (O5TP) on each 5×5 sub window stone image. Based the number of occurrence of T-patterns count the present paper classify the stone images into any of the four classes i.e. brick, granite, marble and mosaic stone images. The novelty of the present approach is that no standard classification algorithm is used for the classification of stone images. The proposed method is experimented on Mayang texture images, Brodatz textures, Paul Bourke color images, VisTex database, Google color stone texture images and also original photo images taken by digital camera. The outcome of the results indicates that the proposed approach percentage of grouping performance is higher to that of many existing approaches.
Performance Analysis of Digital Modulation for Coherent Detection of OFDM Scheme on Radio over Fiber System
Authors: Khair Fauza , Hario P Fakhriy , Mustika I Wayan , Setiyanto Budi 
Published: June 2016

Radio over fiber (RoF) system with the coherent detection offers high linearity for the transparent transport of high-frequency microwave signals, and better receiver sensitivity compared with intensity-modulated direct detection systems. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the performance of digital modulation for coherent detection of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme on RoF system at 10 Gbps up to 100 km fiber length. The results show that coherent detection of OFDM-RoF system with 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) has the value of bit error rate (BER) and the symbol error rate (SER) is very low and its constellation is better compared with other modulation formats (4-QAM, quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), 8-PSK and 16-PSK), which BER 16-QAM is 0.053 and SER is 15.7%. The results also show that BER value of 4-QAM and QPSK relatively similar to fiber length variations. In general, an increasing value of the BER and SER for each modulation format are almost equal to the fiber length of 60-70 km (Region I and II). However, there is a significant increase in the value of BER in fiber length of 80-100 km (Region III. A and III. B) for the modulation of 4-QAM, QPSK, 8-PSK, and 16-PSK.
Dithering Analysis in an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing-Radio over Fiber Link
Authors: Hario P Fakhriy , Susanto Adhi , Mustika I Wayan , M Idrus Sevia , Hadi P Sholeh 
Published: June 2016

Nonlinearity is one major problem broadband communication faced on utilizing the high capacity of optical fibers. That is due to scattering phenomenon, which results in the deviations of wavelengths and energies. The dithering method is applied in the attempt to reduce those scatterings. In this paper, we propose the performance of a dithering technique based new system OFDM-RoF using two modulator scheme and coherent detection to alleviate the characteristics nonlinearity applied on the system. The dithering technique inputs signal externally to the signal processing systems to eliminate the effects of nonlinearity. Here, we report the performance of a dithering technique based on the OFDM-RoF, the results our experiment showed that the applied dithering with 16 QAM modulation can make the system more reliable and increases the power level 1.55% with 193.1 THz, 2% with 100 THz and 1.99% ~ 200 THz, the best condition are with f<sub>d</sub> &lt; f<sub>c</sub>. However, all condition close proximity in the parameters OLP (optical launch power), BER and SER measurement. The result demonstrated a high efficiency and good power in which the OLP operated 6.396 dBm / 4.361 E-3 W~fd 200 THz, 3.578 dBm / 2.279 E-3 W~fd 193.1 THz and 6.420 dBm / 4.3384 E-3 W~100 THz. The best BER value is achieved at 0.33 and SER 0.78 at 5 km~f<sub>d</sub> 100 THz, 0.33 and 0.768 for 10 km~fd 193.1 THz, 0.478 and 0.92 for 50 km~fd 193.1 THz.
Predicting Outcomes Over Time in Patients With Heart Failure, Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction, or Both Following Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Lopes Renato D. , Pieper Karen S. , Stevens Susanna R. , Solomon Scott D. , McMurray John J.V. , Pfeffer Marc A. , Leimberger Jeffrey D. , Velazquez Eric J. 
Published: June 2016

Background

Most studies of risk assessment or stratification in patients with myocardial infarction (
MI
) have been static and fail to account for the evolving nature of clinical events and care processes. We sought to identify predictors of mortality, cardiovascular death or nonfatal
MI
, and cardiovascular death or nonfatal heart failure (HF) over time in patients with
HF
, left ventricular systolic dysfunction, or both post‐
MI
.

Methods and Results

Using data from the VALsartan In Acute myocardial iNfarcTion (VALIANT) trial, we developed models to estimate the association between patient characteristics and the likelihood of experiencing an event from the time of a follow‐up visit until the next visit. The intervals are: hospital arrival to discharge or 14 days, whichever occurs first; hospital discharge to 30 days; 30 days to 6 months; and 6 months to 3 years. Models were also developed to predict the entire 3‐year follow‐up period using baseline information. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards modeling was used throughout with Wald chi‐squares as the comparator of strength for each predictor. For the baseline model of overall mortality, the 3 strongest predictors were age (adjusted hazard ratio [
HR
], 1.35; 95%
CI
, 1.28–1.42;
P
<0.0001), baseline heart rate (adjusted
HR
, 1.17; 95%
CI
, 1.14–1.21;
P
<0.0001), and creatinine clearance (≤100 mL/min; adjusted
HR
, 0.86; 95%
CI
, 0.84–0.89;
P
<0.0001). According to the integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) and net reclassification improvement (NRI) indices, the updated model had significant improvement over the model with baseline covariates only in all follow‐up periods and with all outcomes.

Conclusions
Patient information assessed closest to the time of the outcome was more valuable in predicting death when compared with information obtained at the time of the index hospitalization. Using updated patient information improves prognosis over using only the information available at the time of the index event.
Cystatin C Predicts Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Twins
Authors: Arpegård Johannes , Magnusson Patrik K. E. , Chen Xu , Ridefelt Peter , Pedersen Nancy L. , De Faire Ulf , Svensson Per 
Published: June 2016

Background

Cystatin C is associated with both renal function and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (
ASCVD
). We have previously shown a genetic correlation between cystatin C and prevalent
ASCVD
. The objective of this article is to study whether variation in cystatin C or creatinine predicts incident
ASCVD
when controlled for genetic factors.

Methods and Results

The predictive value of cystatin C and creatinine for incident
ASCVD
was studied in 11 402 Swedish twins, free of
CVD
at baseline, in an adjusted Cox‐regression model during a median follow‐up of 71 months. Twin pairs discordant for incident stroke, myocardial infarction and
ASCVD
during follow‐up were identified and within‐pair comparisons regarding cystatin C and creatinine levels were performed. We also investigated whether contact frequency and degree of shared environment influences were associated with similarity in cystatin C levels. In univariate analysis, cystatin C predicted incident
ASCVD
hazard ratio 1.57, 95%
CI
1.47–1.67. When adjusted for traditional Framingham risk factors as covariates, cystatin C remained a predictor of incident stroke hazard ratio 1.45, 95%
CI
(1.25–1.70),
ASCVD
hazard ratio 1.26, 95%
CI
(1.13–1.41), and myocardial infarction hazard ratio 1.16, 95%
CI
(1.01–1.33). In twins discordant for incident stroke, cystatin C at baseline was higher in the twin who experienced a stroke compared to the healthy co‐twin (1.11±0.3 mg/L versus 1.06±0.3 mg/L), whereas creatinine was lower in the twin who developed
CVD
compared to their healthy co‐twins (76.1±16.9 μmol/L versus 79.4±20.3 μmol/L).

Conclusions

Variation in cystatin C relates to incident
ASCVD
and to stroke when adjusted for genetic confounding. In identical twins, cystatin C may be a sensitive marker of early hypertensive end‐organ damage and small‐vessel disease, whereas creatinine level may reflect nutritional status. The findings in disease‐discordant monozygotic twins indicate that unique, possibly preventable, environmental factors are important.