bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NdCoO3‐Perowskit als Katalysator für die Oxidation von Kohlenmonoxid bei erhöhten Konzentrationen
Authors: Freitag Wolfram , Kraushaar‐Czarnetzki Bettina 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDer Perowskit NdCoO3 ist ein aktiver Katalysator für die Oxidation von Kohlenmonoxid bei Reaktionstemperaturen unterhalb von 200 °C und CO‐Konzentrationen im Bereich von 5 bis mindestens 10 Vol.‐%. Ein geeignetes kontinuierliches Herstellungsverfahren ist die Tropfenpyrolyse. Dabei wird der Perowskit in großer Reinheit als rieselfähiges Pulver mit vergrößerter spezifischer Oberfläche erhalten. Durch eine Vorbehandlung des Perowskits mit Wasserstoff wird die Deaktivierung während der CO‐Oxidation vollständig unterbunden.
Tailored and Integrated Production of Carboxylated Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNC) with Nanofibrils (CNF) through Maleic Acid Hydrolysis
Authors: Wang Ruibin , Chen Liheng , Zhu J.Y. , Yang Rendang 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis study demonstrates the feasibility of tailored and integrated production of carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) with nanofibrils (CNF) from bleached pulp fibers through hydrolysis using a recyclable dicarboxylic acid. Hydrolysis experiments were conducted using ranges of 15–75 wt % maleic acid concentrations, 60–120 °C temperatures, and 5–300 min reaction times. Maleic acid esterified cellulose resulted in carboxylated CNC and CNF. Furthermore, the acid‐hydrolysis solubilized xylan and depolymerized cellulose, which substantially reduced the energy input for the production of CNF through subsequent mechanical fibrillation. A combined hydrolysis factor (CHF), a measure of hydrolysis severity, was developed to map xylan dissolution and cellulose depolymerization over the entire reaction space. It was found that CHF can be used to predict the morphological and chemical properties of the resultant CNC and CNF, independent of the individual reaction process variables. This is important for process scale‐up design in order to tailor the properties of CNC and CNF for specific applications. With the low temperature hydrolysis and low energy input in mechanical fibrillation, along with the recyclability of maleic acid, the presented process has promise of achieving commercial success in the low‐cost and sustainable production of CNC and CNF.
Effects of Aluminum Doping on Cobalt‐Free Lithium–Iron–Nickel–Manganese–Oxygen Cathode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lin Hongxu , Liang Chenghao , Li Mian , Dai Changsong , Xiong Yueping 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTo decrease the cost of lithium‐ion cathode materials, cobalt‐free Li‐Fe‐Ni‐Mn‐O (FeAl000) was synthesized by a facile sol–gel method by using citric acid as the chelating agent. To enhance the electrochemical performance of FeAl000, low‐costing and environmentally friendly aluminum was added as a dopant. The Al‐doped Li‐Fe‐Al‐Ni‐Mn‐O (FeAl015) material exhibited excellent electrochemical performance. The charge/discharge capacity and corresponding differential capacity curves suggested that Al‐doping activated the transformation of Mn4+ into Mn3+, and the activated Mn3+/Mn4+ redox/oxide couple contributed to an increase in the discharge capacity. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses demonstrated the transformation of Mn4+ into Mn3+/2+. The Nyquist and Bode curves obtained by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicated that Al doping enhanced electron transfer and somewhat hampered formation of the solid–electrolyte‐interphase layer during cycling.
Adverse perinatal events, treatment gap, and positive family history linked to the high burden of active convulsive epilepsy in Uganda: A population‐based study
Authors: Kakooza‐Mwesige Angelina , Ndyomugyenyi Donald , Pariyo George , Peterson Stefan Swartling , Waiswa Paul Michael , Galiwango Edward , Chengo Eddie , Odhiambo Rachael , Ssewanyana Derrick , Bottomley Christian , Ngugi Anthony K. , Newton Charles R. J. C. ,   the SEEDS Writing Group
Published: February 2017

SummaryObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of active convulsive epilepsy (ACE) and describe the clinical characteristics and associated factors among a rural Ugandan population.MethodsThe entire population in Iganga/Mayuge Health Demographic Surveillance Site (IM‐HDSS) was screened using two questions about seizures during a door‐to‐door census exercise. Those who screened positive were assessed by a clinician to confirm diagnosis of epilepsy. A case control study with the patients diagnosed with ACE as the cases and age/sex‐matched controls in a ratio of 1:1 was conducted.ResultsA total of 64,172 (92.8%) IM‐HDSS residents, with a median age of 15.0 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 8.0–29.0), were screened for epilepsy. There were 152 confirmed ACE cases, with a prevalence of 10.3/1,000 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.5–11.1) adjusted for nonresponse and screening sensitivity. Prevalence declined with age, with the highest prevalence in the 0–5 years age group. In an analysis of n = 241 that included cases not identified in the survey, nearly 70% were unaware of their diagnosis. Seizures were mostly of focal onset in 193 (80%), with poor electroencephalogram (EEG) agreement with seizure semiology. Antiepileptic drug use was rare, noted in 21.2% (95% CI: 16.5–25.8), and 119 (49.3%) reported using traditional medicines. History of an abnormal antenatal period (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 10.28; 95%CI 1.26–83.45; p = 0.029) and difficulties in feeding, crying, breathing in the perinatal period (aOR 10.07; 95%CI 1.24–81.97; p = 0.031) were associated with ACE in children. In adults a family history of epilepsy (aOR 4.38 95%CI 1.77–10.81; p = 0.001) was the only factor associated with ACE.SignificanceThere is a considerable burden of epilepsy, low awareness, and a large treatment gap in this population of rural sub‐Saharan Africa. The identification of adverse perinatal events as a risk factor for developing epilepsy in children suggests that epilepsy burden may be decreased by improving obstetric and postnatal care.
Practical approaches to adverse outcome pathway development and weight-of-evidence evaluation as illustrated by ecotoxicological case studies
Authors: Fay Kellie A. , Villeneuve Daniel L. , LaLone Carlie A. , Song You , Tollefsen Knut Erik , Ankley Gerald T. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) describe toxicant effects as a sequential chain of causally linked events beginning with a molecular perturbation and culminating in an adverse outcome at an individual or population level. Strategies for developing AOPs are still evolving and depend largely on the intended use or motivation for development and data availability. The present review describes 4 ecotoxicological AOP case studies, developed for different purposes. In each situation, creation of the AOP began in a manner determined by the initial motivation for its creation and expanded either to include additional components of the pathway or to address the domains of applicability in terms of chemical initiators, susceptible species, life stages, and so forth. Some general strategies can be gleaned from these case studies, which a developer may find to be useful for supporting an existing AOP or creating a new one. Several web-based tools that can aid in AOP assembly and evaluation of weight of evidence for scientific robustness of AOP components are highlighted. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1429–1449. © 2017 SETAC
Development of circular function‐based gas‐kinetic scheme (CGKS) on moving grids for unsteady flows through oscillating cascades
Authors: Zhou Di , Lu Zhiliang , Guo Tongqing , Yang Liming 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this paper, the circular function‐based gas‐kinetic scheme (CGKS), which was originally developed for simulation of flows on stationary grids, is extended to solve moving boundary problems on moving grids. Particularly, the unsteady flows through oscillating cascades are our major interests. The main idea of the CGKS is to discretize the macroscopic equations by the finite volume method while the fluxes at the cell interface are evaluated by locally reconstructing the solution of the continuous Boltzmann Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook equation. The present solver is based on the fact that the modified Boltzmann equation, which is expressed in a moving frame of reference, can recover the corresponding macroscopic equations with Chapman–Enskog expansion analysis. Different from the original Maxwellian function‐based gas‐kinetic scheme, in improving the computational efficiency, a simple circular function is used to describe the equilibrium state of distribution function. Considering that the concerned cascade oscillating problems belong to cases that the motion of surface boundary is known a priori, the dynamic mesh method is suitable and is adopted in the present work. In achieving the mesh deformation with high quality and efficiency, a hybrid dynamic mesh method named radial basic functions‐transfinite interpolation is presented and applied for cascade geometries. For validation, several numerical test cases involving a wide range are investigated. Numerical results show that the developed CGKS on moving grids is well applied for cascade oscillating flows. And for some cases where nonlinear effects are strong, the solution accuracy could be effectively improved by using the present method. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CFD Analysis of PEMFC Flow Channel Cross Sections
Authors: Paulino A. L. R. , Cunha E. F. , Robalinho E. , Linardi M. , Korkischko I. , Santiago E. I. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis paper presents a study of single‐channel proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) using computational modeling and simulation. For this analysis, the commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics was used to build a single‐phase isothermal and tridimensional fuel cell model. For the mathematical description of the catalyst layer, the flooded agglomerate model was implemented, and it proved to be more accurate than Butler‐Volmer model, which is the pre‐built model in the software. Such evidence was verified when comparing the polarization curves obtained using both models with an experimental curve. After definition of the model, the main objective of this study was to analyze the influence of the flow channel cross‐section in the water distribution inside the cell, studying rectangular, trapezoidal and hybrid stepped geometries. The fuel cell with stepped channel was equivalent to the trapezoidal cell in all aspects analyzed, and both provided superior water management than the rectangular cell. However, the current generation in the rectangular design was slightly higher. It was noted that the simulation of a tridimensional model provided a better understanding of the regions where higher concentrations of water can occur, and that different flow channel designs can be used to enhance water management.
Genetic risk models: Influence of model size on risk estimates and precision
Authors: Shan Ying , Tromp Gerard , Kuivaniemi Helena , Smelser Diane T. , Verma Shefali S. , Ritchie Marylyn D. , Elmore James R. , Carey David J. , Conley Yvette P. , Gorin Michael B. , Weeks Daniel E. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTDisease risk estimation plays an important role in disease prevention. Many studies have found that the ability to predict risk improves as the number of risk single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the risk model increases. However, the width of the confidence interval of the risk estimate is often not considered in the evaluation of the risk model. Here, we explore how the risk and the confidence interval width change as more SNPs are added to the model in the order of decreasing effect size, using both simulated data and real data from studies of abdominal aortic aneurysms and age‐related macular degeneration. Our results show that confidence interval width is positively correlated with model size and the majority of the bigger models have wider confidence interval widths than smaller models. Once the model size is bigger than a certain level, the risk does not shift markedly, as 100% of the risk estimates of the one‐SNP‐bigger models lie inside the confidence interval of the one‐SNP‐smaller models. We also created a confidence interval‐augmented reclassification table. It shows that both more effective SNPs with larger odds ratios and less effective SNPs with smaller odds ratios contribute to the correct decision of whom to screen. The best screening strategy is selected and evaluated by the net benefit quantity and the reclassification rate. We suggest that individuals whose upper bound of their risk confidence interval is above the screening threshold, which corresponds to the population prevalence of the disease, should be screened.
Pathways from mothers' early social support to children's language development at age 3
Authors: Chang Young Eun 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe relationships between early maternal social support, maternal psychological well‐being, the home learning environment, and children's language skills at age 3 in Korean families were examined. We hypothesized that maternal social support would predict children's language development through its effect on maternal psychological well‐being and the home learning environment. Structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the conceptual model, using data collected from 1,725 Korean families who participated in the Panel Study of Korean Children. Mothers' early social support predicted children's language skills via 2 indirect paths. First, greater social support predicted more positively adjusted psychological well‐being; maternal psychological well‐being was significantly associated with the quality of the home learning environment, which in turn predicted the positive development of language skills in children. Second, greater social support predicted a better home learning environment; again, the home learning environment positively predicted children's linguistic development. The direct paths from social support to language development were not significant. Social support during the child's infancy was observed to be beneficial for stimulating the home learning environment later. A comparison between working mothers versus nonworking mothers yielded no significant differences in the relationships between the variables. The results shed light on the importance of sensitive measures of social support in order to better understand its beneficial effects on mothers and young children.Highlights

The relationships between early maternal social support, maternal psychological well‐being, the home learning environment, and children's language skills at age 3 in Korean families were examined.
Structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the conceptual model, using data collected from 1,725 Korean families who participated in the Panel Study of Korean Children.
Greater social support predicted more positively adjusted psychological well‐being; maternal psychological well‐being was significantly associated with the quality of the home learning environment, which in turn predicted the positive development of language skills in children.
Bone regeneration in a rabbit critical femoral defect by means of magnetic hydroxyapatite macroporous scaffolds
Authors: Russo A. , Bianchi M. , Sartori M. , Boi M. , Giavaresi G. , Salter D. M. , Jelic M. , Maltarello M. C. , Ortolani A. , Sprio S. , Fini M. , Tampieri A. , Marcacci M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMagnetic scaffolds have recently attracted significant attention in tissue engineering due to the prospect of improving bone tissue formation by conveying soluble factors such as growth factors, hormones, and polypeptides directly to the site of implantation, as well as to the possibility of improving implant fixation and stability. The objective of this study was to compare bone tissue formation in a preclinical rabbit model of critical femoral defect treated either with a hydroxyapatite (HA)/magnetite (90/10 wt %) or pure HA porous scaffolds at 4 and 12 weeks after implantation. The biocompatibility and osteogenic activity of the novel magnetic constructs was assessed with analysis of the amount of newly formed bone tissue and its nanomechanical properties. The osteoconductive properties of the pure HA were confirmed. The HA/magnetite scaffold was able to induce and support bone tissue formation at both experimental time points without adverse tissue reactions. Biomechanically, similar properties were obtained from nanoindentation analysis of bone formed following implantation of magnetic and control scaffolds. The results indicate that the osteoconductive properties of an HA scaffold are maintained following inclusion of a magnetic component. These provide a basis for future studies investigating the potential benefit in tissue engineering of applying magnetic stimuli to enhance bone formation. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 546–554, 2018.
Feasibility of accelerated simultaneous multislice diffusion‐weighted MRI of the prostate
Authors: Weiss Jakob , Martirosian Petros , Taron Jana , Othman Ahmed E. , Kuestner Thomas , Erb Michael , Bedke Jens , Bamberg Fabian , Nikolaou Konstantin , Notohamiprodjo Mike 
Published: February 2017

PurposeTo assess the feasibility of simultaneous multislice (SMS) single‐shot echo‐planar‐imaging (EPI) for accelerated diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) of the prostate.Materials and MethodsFor phantom measurements a dedicated DWI phantom with different sucrose concentrations was used. In addition, 10 volunteers and 16 patients with suspected prostate cancer were examined for in vivo measurements. All examinations were performed with a 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. A prototype simultaneous multislice EPI sequence (DW‐EPISMS; acquisition time 3:14 min) was acquired and compared to a single‐shot EPI sequence (DW‐EPISS; acquisition time 6:12 min) serving as a standard of reference. Different image quality parameters of EPISMS were assessed qualitatively (overall image quality, anatomic differentiability, lesion conspicuity, image noise, distortion; two independent readers; 5‐point Likert‐scale [5 = excellent]) and quantitatively (ADC‐values by calculating interclass correlation [ICC] and Bland–Altman limits of agreement [LoA] as measures for reproducibility) and compared to DW‐EPISS.ResultsDW‐EPISMS allowed for a substantially reduced acquisition time as compared to DW‐EPISS (˜50%). Bland–Altman plots revealed robust measurement repeatability for DW‐EPISMS in the phantom study. Overall image quality did not significantly differ between DW‐EPISMS and DW‐EPISS (b1500 images P = 0.5; ADC maps P = 0.7). Only in b1500 DW images was subjective image noise rated significantly higher in DW‐EPISS than in DW‐EPISMS (P = 0.006). Quantitative analysis of ADC‐values revealed not significant differences between DW‐EPISMS and DW‐EPISS (P = 0.7) and high measures for reproducibility ICC ≥0.96.ConclusionSimultaneous multislice DWI is feasible for accelerated prostate MRI allowing for a substantially reduced examination time with similar image quality and ADC‐values as compared to a standard of reference DWI sequence.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1507–1515.
Modeling and stator Inter‐Turn short circuit fault detection for saturable salient pole synchronous machine by a non‐linear magnetic equivalent circuit approach
Authors: Naderi P. , Ghandehari R. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis paper presents a novel and adequate model for healthy and faulty salient pole synchronous machines with and without interturn short circuit fault. The model is presented for a machine with arbitrary pole numbers, arbitrary damper bars, and stator slot numbers. The magnetic equivalent circuit with nonlinear elements is used for modeling, and numerical techniques based on Newton‐Raphson method have been approved for solving of nonlinear equations. Because the design of electric machines is based on the knee point of a B‐H curve, consideration of saturation effect is mandatory for adequate studying. Because of the saturation effect, there are some nonlinear algebraic magnetic equations, which should be solved simultaneously with differential equations. Trapezoidal technique is used for differential equations converting to algebraic type, and Newton‐Raphson method is used for a nonlinear set equation solving. Stator current signature analysis is used for stator interturn short circuit fault detection. Finally, obtained results by finite element method are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed modeling method. The proposed approach for magnetic equations based on nodal potential and reluctance mesh model equations is one of the paper novelties for the salient pole synchronous machine modeling in both healthy and faulty cases. This dynamic modeling method has less complexity compared to finite element method and pure nodal potential approaches. Solving the electric and magnetic equations by a single set of equations is the main advantage of the presented method, which has been addressed for a salient pole synchronous machine for the first time. Another advantage of the proposed study is the capability of modeling the healthy and faulty machine with interturn fault by a single model.
Versatile Mechanical and Thermoresponsive Properties of Macroporous Copolymer Gels
Authors: Biswas Chandra Sekhar , Wang Qiao , Galluzzi Massimiliano , Wu Yuhang , Navale Sachin T. , Du Bing , Stadler Florian J. 
Published: February 2017

Random copolymer gels ofN‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) andN‐ethylacrylamide (NEAM) are synthesized using different monomer compositions in 1:1 methanol–water mixtures. The samples are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and rheological studies. It is observed that with the variation of the monomer compositions in the reaction mixture, the thermoresponsive, morphological, AFM, and rheological properties varied significantly. Porosity and roughness of the gels gradually increase with the gradual increase in NIPAM loading in the gels, lower critical solution temperature, mechanical strength (Young's modulus, storage modulus) significantly decreases with the increase in poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) loading in the gels. All results can be explained on the basis of the differences in thermoresponsive character of homo‐ and copolymer gels of NIPAM and NEAM in water, their composition in the reaction mixtures, and their different kind of interactions with solvents.image
Polyethylene‐Based Tadpole Copolymers
Authors: Alkayal Nazeeha , Zhang Zhen , Bilalis Panayiotis , Gnanou Yves , Hadjichristidis Nikos 
Published: February 2017

Novel well‐defined polyethylene‐based tadpole copolymers {(c‐PE)‐b‐PS, PE: polyethylene, PS: polystyrene} with ring PE head and linear PS tail are synthesized by combining polyhomologation, atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), and Glaser coupling reaction. The OH groups of the 3‐miktoarm star copolymers (PE‐OH)2‐b‐PS, synthesized by polyhomologation and ATRP, are transformed to alkyne groups by esterification with propiolic acid, followed by Glaser cyclization and removal of the unreacted linear with Merrifield's resin–azide. The characterization results of intermediates and final products by high‐temperature size exclusion chromatography, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry confirm the tadpole topology.
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