bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction of Cyclopentano Cucurbit[6]uril with Alkaline Earth Cations and Supramolecular Assemblies with Aid of [ZnCl4]2–
Authors: Qu Yun Xia , Zhang Yun Qian , Zhou Kai Zhi , Wei Lian Tong , Zhan Lin Ling , Cheng Si Yuan , Tao Zhu , Ma Pei Hua 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the interaction of a fully substituted cyclopentano cucurbit[6]uril (CyP6Q[6]) with alkaline earth cations (AE2+) and corresponding supramolecular assemblies in the presence of tetrachloridozincate anions ([Zn(H2O)Cl3]− or [ZnCl4]2−). Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that the CyP6Q[6]−Mg2+−ZnCl2−HCl interaction system yielded an adduct of [Mg(H2O)6]2+ with CyP6Q[6]. The CyP6Q[6]−Ca2+, Sr2+ and Ba2+−ZnCl2−HCl interaction systems yielded linear AE2+/CyP6Q[6]/AE2+‐type coordination polymers that filled the cells in the [ZnCl4]2−‐based honeycomb‐like framework. Unlike unsubstituted Q[n] systems in which [ZnCl4]2− anions surround Q[n] molecules via outer surface interaction of Q[n], electrostatic interactions between [ZnCl4]2− anions and the coordinated AE2+ cations results in the formation of [ZnCl4]2−‐based honeycomb‐like frameworks.
Derivatives of Dapsone (dap): Synthesis and Study on In Vitro Anticancer Activity and DNA Laddering Against Hep G2 and C6 Human Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Pillai Vineeta , Kadu Rahul , Buch Lipi , Singh Vinay K. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractInteresting biological profile of dapsone (dap) has encouraged us to derivatize it further into a novel series of diamines 4,4’‐bis(2‐(alkylamino) acetamido) diphenylsulfone L1‐L3 and their ensuing metallomacrocyclic complexes of the type [M2‐μ2‐bis‐{(κ2S,S‐S2CN(R)CH2CONHC6H4)2SO2}] {R=Cy, M=NiII 1 a, CuII 1 b, ZnII 1 c; R=iPr, M=NiII 2 a, CuII 2 b, ZnII 2 c; R=nBu, M=NiII 3 a, CuII 3 b, ZnII 3 c}. These compounds were characterized by standard spectroscopic methods. A DFT level calculation has been performed on selected compounds. In vitro anticancer activity against Hep G2 (hepatoma) and C6 (Glioblastoma) cell lines suggests specificity of these compounds for cancer cells over normal liver cells. Interestingly, complex 2c holding zinc(II) and N‐iPr substituents shows nearly 3 fold better cytotoxic activity against both Hep G2 (8.47±0.016 μg/mL) and C6 (4.3±0.019 μg/mL) cell lines, compared to the reference drug Cisplatin. The morphological changes and moderate to heavy DNA laddering clearly demonstrate the induction of apoptotic cell death, required for major chemical therapeutic implications.
Mixed thermal conditions in convection: how do continents affect the mantle’s circulation?
Authors: Ostilla-Mónico R. 
Published: June 2017

Natural convection is omnipresent on Earth. A basic and well-studied model for it is Rayleigh–Bénard convection, the fluid flow in a layer heated from below and cooled from above. Most explorations of Rayleigh–Bénard convection focus on spatially uniform, perfectly conducting thermal boundary conditions, but many important geophysical phenomena are characterized by boundary conditions which are a mixture of conducting and adiabatic materials. For example, the differences in thermal conductivity between continental and oceanic lithospheres are believed to play an important role in plate tectonics. To study this, Wang et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 817, 2017, R1), measure the effect of mixed adiabatic–conducting boundary conditions on turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection, finding experimental proof that even if the total heat transfer is primarily affected by the adiabatic fraction, the arrangement of adiabatic and conducting plates is crucial in determining the large-scale flow dynamics.
Bony cochlear nerve canal and internal auditory canal measures predict cochlear nerve status
Authors: Tahir E , Bajin M D , Atay G , Mocan B Ö , Sennaroğlu L 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectives:The bony cochlear nerve canal is the space between the fundus of the internal auditory canal and the base of the cochlear modiolus that carries cochlear nerve fibres. This study aimed to determine the distribution of bony labyrinth anomalies and cochlear nerve anomalies in patients with bony cochlear nerve canal and internal auditory canal atresia and stenosis, and then to compare the diameter of the bony cochlear nerve canal and internal auditory canal with cochlear nerve status.Methods:The study included 38 sensorineural hearing loss patients (59 ears) in whom the bony cochlear nerve canal diameter at the mid-modiolus was 1.5 mm or less. Atretic and stenotic bony cochlear nerve canals were examined separately, and internal auditory canals with a mid-point diameter of less than 2 mm were considered stenotic. Temporal bone computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans were reviewed to determine cochlear nerve status.Results:Cochlear hypoplasia was noted in 44 out of 59 ears (75 per cent) with a bony cochlear nerve canal diameter at the mid-modiolus of 1.5 mm or less. Approximately 33 per cent of ears with bony cochlear nerve canal stenosis also had a stenotic internal auditory canal and 84 per cent had a hypoplastic or aplastic cochlear nerve. All patients with bony cochlear nerve canal atresia had cochlear nerve deficiency. The cochlear nerve was hypoplastic or aplastic when the diameter of the bony cochlear nerve canal was less than 1.5 mm and the diameter of the internal auditory canal was less than 2 mm.Conclusion:The cochlear nerve may be aplastic or hypoplastic even if temporal bone computed tomography findings indicate a normal cochlea. If possible, patients scheduled to receive a cochlear implant should undergo both computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the temporal bone. The bony cochlear nerve canal and internal auditory canal are complementary structures, and both should be assessed to determine cochlear nerve status.
HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT: THE SCIENTIFIC CAREER OF A POLICY CONCEPT
Authors: Benoit Cyril , Gorry Philippe 
Published: June 2017

Objectives: The aim of this work was to provide a comprehensive overview of the evolution of the health technology assessment (HTA) concept in the scientific literature through a scientometric approach.Methods: A literature search was conducted, by selecting publications, as well as news from the media, containing “health technology assessment” in their title, abstracts, or keywords. We then undertook a bibliometric and network analysis on the corpus of 2,865 publications thus obtained.Results: Since a first publication in 1978, interest in HTA remained marginal until a turning point in the late 1980s, when growth of the number of publications took off alongside the creation of the U.K.’s NICE agency. Since then, publications have spread across several journals. The ranking of the organizations that publish such articles does not reflect any hegemonic position. However, HTA-related scientific production is strongly concentrated in Commonwealth and Nordic countries. Despite its transnational aspects, research on HTA has been framed within a small number of scientific networks and by a few opinion leaders.Conclusions: The “career” of the HTA concept may be seen as a scientific-knowledge based institutionalization of a public policy. To succeed in a country, HTA first needs scientific prerequisites, such as an organized scientific community working on the health sector and health services. Then, it appears that the recognition of this research by decision makers plays a key role in the development of the field.
Promoting tumorigenesis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, NEDD8 serves as a potential theranostic target
Authors: Xie Ping , Yang Jun-Ping , Cao Yun , Peng Li-Xia , Zheng Li-Sheng , Sun Rui , Meng Dong-Fang , Wang Meng-Yao , Mei Yan , Qiang Yuan-Yuan , Cao Li , Xiang Yan-Qun , Luo Dong-Hua , Yun Jing-Ping , Huang Bi-Jun , Jia Li-Jun , Qian Chao-Nan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), is one of the most common human malignancies in south China, it has the highest recurrence rate and treatment resistance. The underlying molecular mechanisms of NPC relapse and treatment tolerance are not fully understood. In this study, the effects of NEDD8 and NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibitor (MLN4924) on NPC were studied both in vitro and in vivo. Immunohistochemical staining of 197 NPC tissues revealed an elevated NEDD8 expression as an unfavorable independent factor in overall survival and disease-free survival rates. NEDD8 expression was positively correlated with a high risk of death and positivity of lymph node metastasis. Depleted NEDD8 expression by shRNA and inhibited by specific inhibitor MLN4924 dramatically suppressed cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, while ectopic NEDD8 exhibited opposing effects. NEDD8 affected cancer stem cell phenotypes of NPC as assessed in vitro using the cell number of side population (SP) by flow cytometry analysis, colony formation assay, sphere formation assay, and tumor initiation ability in vivo. Downregulation of NEDD8 enhanced the susceptibility of NPC cells to cisplatin and radiation. Moreover, we found that MLN4924 suppressed c-Jun degradation in human NPC cells. Taken together, this report revealed that NEDD8 may act as a novel prognostic marker and MLN4924 may serve as a promising therapeutic target for patients with NPC.
Identification of a Simplest Hypervalent Hydrogen Fluoride Anion in Solid Argon
Authors: Liu Meng-Chen , Chen Hui-Fen , Chin Chih-Hao , Huang Tzu-Ping , Chen Yu-Jung , Wu Yu-Jong 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHypervalent molecules are one of the exceptions to the octet rule. Bonding in most hypervalent molecules is well rationalized by the Rundle–Pimentel model (three-center four-electron bond), and high ionic bonding between the ligands and the central atom is essential for stabilizing hypervalent molecules. Here, we produced one of the simplest hypervalent anions, HF−, which is known to deviate from the Rundle–Pimentel model, and identified its ro-vibrational features. High-level ab inito calculations reveal that its bond dissociation energy is comparable to that of dihalides, as supported by secondary photolysis experiments with irradiation at various wavelengths. The charge distribution analysis suggested that the F atom of HF− is negative and hypervalent and the bonding is more covalent than ionic.
Bacterial Sphingomyelinase is a State-Dependent Inhibitor of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR)
Authors: Stauffer B. B. , Cui G. , Cottrill K. A. , Infield D. T. , McCarty N. A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSphingomyelinase C (SMase) inhibits CFTR chloride channel activity in multiple cell systems, an effect that could exacerbate disease in CF and COPD patients. The mechanism by which sphingomyelin catalysis inhibits CFTR is not known but evidence suggests that it occurs independently of CFTR’s regulatory “R” domain. In this study we utilized the Xenopus oocyte expression system to shed light on how CFTR channel activity is reduced by SMase. We found that the pathway leading to inhibition is not membrane delimited and that inhibited CFTR channels remain at the cell membrane, indicative of a novel silencing mechanism. Consistent with an effect on CFTR gating behavior, we found that altering gating kinetics influenced the sensitivity to inhibition by SMase. Specifically, increasing channel activity by introducing the mutation K1250A or pretreating with the CFTR potentiator VX-770 (Ivacaftor) imparted resistance to inhibition. In primary bronchial epithelial cells, we found that basolateral, but not apical, application of SMase leads to a redistribution of sphingomyelin and a reduction in forskolin- and VX-770-stimulated currents. Taken together, these data suggest that SMase inhibits CFTR channel function by locking channels into a closed state and that endogenous CFTR in HBEs is affected by SMase activity.
Demonstration of electron beam laser excitation in the UV range using a GaN/AlGaN multiquantum well active layer
Authors: Hayashi Takafumi , Kawase Yuta , Nagata Noriaki , Senga Takashi , Iwayama Sho , Iwaya Motoaki , Takeuchi Tetsuya , Kamiyama Satoshi , Akasaki Isamu , Matsumoto Takahiro 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis study investigated electron beam laser excitation in the UV region using a GaN/AlGaN multiquantum well (MQW) active layer. Laser emission was observed when the GaN/AlGaN MQW was excited by an electron beam, with a wavelength of approximately 353 nm and a threshold power density of 230 kW/cm2. A comparison of optical pumping and electron beam pumping demonstrated that the rate of generation of electron-hole pairs when using electron beam excitation was approximately one quarter that of light excitation.
Origin and evolutionary history of freshwater Rhodophyta: further insights based on phylogenomic evidence
Authors: Nan Fangru , Feng Jia , Lv Junping , Liu Qi , Fang Kunpeng , Gong Chaoyan , Xie Shulian 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFreshwater representatives of Rhodophyta were sampled and the complete chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes were determined. Characteristics of the chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes were analyzed and phylogenetic relationship of marine and freshwater Rhodophyta were reconstructed based on the organelle genomes. The freshwater member Compsopogon caeruleus was determined for the largest chloroplast genome among multicellular Rhodophyta up to now. Expansion and subsequent reduction of both the genome size and GC content were observed in the Rhodophyta except for the freshwater Compsopogon caeruleus. It was inferred that the freshwater members of Rhodophyta occurred through diverse origins based on evidence of genome size, GC-content, phylogenomic analysis and divergence time estimation. The freshwater species Compsopogon caeruleus and Hildenbrandia rivularis originated and evolved independently at the inland water, whereas the Bangia atropurpurea, Batrachospermum arcuatum and Thorea hispida are derived from the marine relatives. The typical freshwater representatives Thoreales and Batrachospermales are probably derived from the marine relative Palmaria palmata at approximately 415–484 MYA. The origin and evolutionary history of freshwater Rhodophyta needs to be testified with more organelle genome sequences and wider global sampling.
Multi‐layer photovoltaic fault detection algorithm
Authors: Dhimish Mahmoud , Holmes Violeta , Mehrdadi Bruce , Dales Mark 
Published: June 2017

This study proposes a fault detection algorithm based on the analysis of the theoretical curves which describe the behaviour of an existing grid‐connected photovoltaic (GCPV) system. For a given set of working conditions, a number of attributes such as voltage ratio (VR) and power ratio (PR) are simulated using virtual instrumentation LabVIEW software. Furthermore, a third‐order polynomial function is used to generate two detection limits (high and low limits) for the VR and PR ratios. The high and low detection limits are compared with real‐time long‐term data measurements from a 1.1 kWp GCPV system installed at the University of Huddersfield, United Kingdom. Furthermore, samples that lie out of the detecting limits are processed by a fuzzy logic classification system which consists of two inputs (VR and PR) and one output membership function. The obtained results show that the fault detection algorithm accurately detects different faults occurring in the PV system. The maximum detection accuracy (DA) of the proposed algorithm before considering the fuzzy logic system is equal to 95.27%; however, the fault DA is increased up to a minimum value of 98.8% after considering the fuzzy logic system.
Facile synthesis of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with tunable size: from individual nanoparticles to nanoclusters
Authors: Mi Xuan , Tong Meikui , Cai Jia , Su Hui , Liu Shiyuan , Ma Yongjie , Wei Xunbin , Zhang Chunfu 
Published: June 2017

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have a wide variety of biomedical applications. Synthesis of SPIONs with well‐defined, tunable size in a facile way is highly desirable. In this work, a one‐pot polyol method was developed for preparation of SPIONs with tunable size and high quality in the presence of poly (acrylic acid) (PAA). By adjusting the amount of PAA used, the isolated nanoparticles and nanoparticle clusters were able to be synthesised. As‐synthesised nanoparticles and nanoclusters were highly stable in physiological conditions. The size of the nanoparticles was 7 ± 1 nm and that for the nanoclusters was 20 ± 2 and 32 ± 3 nm, respectively. The nanoparticles demonstrated good magnetic resonance imaging T1 and T2 dual contrast effects (r1 = 12.2 mM−1 s−1 and r2 = 47.5 mM−1 s−1), while the nanoclusters exhibited a superior T2 contrast effect with the transverse relaxivities of 198 mM−1 s−1 (20 ± 2 nm) and 410 mM−1 s−1 (32 ± 3 nm), respectively. More importantly, both the nanoparticles and nanoclusters were highly tolerable by cells.
Imaging Assessment of Thoracic Cage Injuries
Authors: Iacobellis Francesca , Iadevito Isabella , Ierardi Anna , Carrafiello Gianpaolo , Perillo Federica , Nicola Refky , Scaglione Mariano 
Published: June 2017

Thoracic injuries are the third most common traumatic injury. Approximately two thirds of thoracic injuries are due to motor vehicle collisions. They are associated with up to a 20% mortality rate. This is primarily due to the presence of several complex anatomical structures within the thoracic cage such as the heart, great vessels, esophagus, airways, lungs, mediastinum, bones, muscles, diaphragm, and pleura. A chest radiograph is the initial imaging modality in the evaluation of the chest. However, multidetector computer tomography (MDCT) with intravenous contrast is the imaging modality of choice in the assessment of acute thoracic injuries.Endovascular repair is less invasive and has a better outcome than traditional surgical repair. This review article discusses the indications, benefits, and findings of radiographs and MDCT in patients with thoracic injuries, especially with regard to the thoracic aorta.
Emergency and Trauma of the Elbow
Authors: Gómez Maria , Bartoloni Alessandra , Guglielmi Giuseppe , Bazzocchi Alberto 
Published: June 2017

The elbow is a joint composed of three different articulations all included in the same synovial capsule, with a complex anatomy that allows two kinds of motion: flexion-extension and pronation and supination. Stabilization of the elbow is provided by osseous and ligamentous structures.When assessing the elbow in the traumatic setting, the mechanism of injury determines the pattern of osseous and ligamentous lesion, with potential important implications on elbow instability. The role of the radiologist in the assessment of the traumatic elbow requires an understanding of the most common injury mechanisms in traumatic elbow injuries. This knowledge facilitates the detection of potential secondary occult bone and soft tissue injuries that could lead to chronic instability.We analyze the acute patterns of injury of the osseous, ligamentous, musculotendinous, and neurovascular structures, with a focus on the most commonly used classifications of fractures and fracture-dislocations. We also discuss the therapeutic management of these injuries, with mention of the most frequently used surgical techniques and the commonly expected posttreatment findings.Finally, we review the repetitive microtrauma patterns of injury of the elbow joint structures and the most common pitfalls in the interpretation of elbow imaging.
Skin Resurfacing in Combination with Facelift Surgery
Authors: Perkins Stephen , Archer Kaete 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFacial aging is a combination of descent of facial tissues, atrophy of fat compartments, bony remodeling, and chronological and photoaging changes of the skin. A rhytidectomy will address the aging changes due to gravity on facial tissues but will do little to improve skin texture, thickness, and pigmentation. To address collagen loss, rhytids, and dyspigmentation, surgeons are incorporating resurfacing techniques including carbon dioxide/erbium ablative and fractionated lasers, 35% trichloroacetic acid chemical peel pretreated with Jessner's solution, phenol 88% chemical peel, Baker's solution chemical peel, and dermabrasion. More recently, surgeons are approaching facial aging with a more comprehensive approach to address both gravity and collagen changes by a combination of rhytidectomy with resurfacing. Technique and modality selection are keys to maximum single treatment results and therefore the greatest patient satisfaction.
Finally making sense of the double-slit experiment
Authors: Aharonov Yakir , Cohen Eliahu , Colombo Fabrizio , Landsberger Tomer , Sabadini Irene , Struppa Daniele C. , Tollaksen Jeff 
Published: June 2017

Significance
We put forth a time-symmetric interpretation of quantum mechanics that does not stem from the wave properties of the particle. Rather, it posits corpuscular properties along with nonlocal properties, all of which are deterministic. This change of perspective points to deterministic properties in the Heisenberg picture as primitive instead of the wave function, which remains an ensemble property. This way, within a double-slit experiment, the particle goes only through one of the slits. In addition, a nonlocal property originating from the other distant slit has been affected through the Heisenberg equations of motion. Under the assumption of nonlocality, uncertainty turns out to be crucial to preserve causality. Hence, a (qualitative) uncertainty principle can be derived rather than assumed.
Recipient-biased competition for a cross-fed nutrient is required for coexistence of microbial mutualists
Authors: McCully Alexandra L. , LaSarre Breah , McKinlay James B. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMany mutualistic microbial relationships are based on nutrient cross-feeding. Traditionally, cross-feeding is viewed as being unidirectional from the producer to the recipient. This is likely true when a producer’s metabolic waste, such as fermentation products, provides carbon for a recipient. However, in some cases the cross-fed nutrient holds value for both the producer and the recipient. In such cases, there is potential for nutrient reacquisition by producer cells in a population, leading to competition against recipients. Here we investigate the consequences of inter-partner competition for cross-fed nutrients on mutualism dynamics using an anaerobic coculture pairing fermentativeEscherichia coliand phototrophicRhodopseudomonas palustris. In this coculture,E. coliexcretes waste organic acids that provide carbon forR. palustris. In return,R. palustriscross-feedsE. coliammonium (NH4+), a valuable nitrogen compound that both species prefer. To explore the potential for inter-partner competition, we first used a kinetic model to simulate cocultures with varied affinities for NH4+in each species. The model predicted that inter-partner competition for cross-fed NH4+could profoundly impact population dynamics. We then experimentally tested the predictions by culturing mutants lacking NH4+transporters in both NH4+competition assays and cooperative cocultures. Both theoretical and experimental results indicated that the recipient must have a competitive advantage in acquiring valuable cross-fed NH4+to avoid collapse of the mutualism. Thus, the very metabolites that form the basis for cooperative cross-feeding can also be subject to competition between mutualistic partners.SignificanceMutualistic relationships, particularly those based on nutrient cross-feeding, promote stability of diverse ecosystems and drive global biogeochemical cycles. Cross-fed nutrients within these systems can be either waste products valued only by one partner or nutrients that both partners value. Here, we explore how inter-partner competition for a communally-valuable cross-fed nutrient impacts mutualism dynamics. We discovered that mutualism stability necessitates that the recipient have a competitive advantage against the producer in obtaining the cross-fed nutrient. We propose that the requirement for recipient-biased competition is a general rule for mutualistic coexistence based on the transfer of communally valuable resources, microbial or otherwise.