bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA Probing of Peroxidase‐Mimetic Activities of Selected Manganese‐Based Nanozymes and Measurement of Antioxidant Activity for DNA Protection
Authors: Salim Al‐Lami Zainab Majid , Demirci‐Çekiç Sema , Apak Reşat 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThree different Mn‐based peroxidase‐mimetic nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized as nanozymes: (i) manganese (II)‐ferrite (MnFe2O4) fabricated by co‐precipitating MnCl2.4H2O and FeCl3.6H2O; (ii) MnO2synthesized from precipitation of MnSO4in basic medium; (iii) manganese oxide obtained by reducing KMnO4with tris(2‐hydroxyethyl) amine, all characterized using STEM, EDXS, FTIR and XPS techniques. These NPs acted as peroxidases, revealed by using a DNA probe, on which the damage generated by peroxidase mimetic NPs was monitored spectrophotometrically by CUPRAC and 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) methods. Results were confirmed by RP‐HPLC and voltammetry, the latter involving an AuNPs‐modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE), multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and Nafion combination. Colorimetric assay with CUPRAC rather than TMB better agreed with chromatographic/voltammetric findings in detecting both peroxidase activity and DNA hazard. Mn(III)‐containing manganese oxide from permanganate reduction had stronger peroxidase activity. The proposed method demonstrated protective effects of antioxidants (morin, catechin and quercetin) against oxidative DNA damage for the first time.
New Quinazolinone‐Thiouracil Derivatives: Design, Synthesis, Anticancer Evaluation, and In Silico Analysis
Authors: Parmar Dolly , Tripathi Rati Kailash Prasad , Panchal Roshni , Nagani Afzal , Kabra Uma Dhiraj 
Published: October 2024

AbstractQuinazolinone and thiouracil derivatives are key scaffolds in anticancer development. This study used a molecular hybridization approach to synthesize new quinazolinone‐thiouracil derivatives and evaluated their anticancer activity against three human cancer cell lines, namely breast, lung, and glioblastoma, using SRB assay. Structural elucidation was performed using IR spectroscopy, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. Most compounds show moderate to significant cytotoxic effects, with compound 5d displaying the highest potency (IC50 values of 5.28, 4.02, and 2.88 µM, respectively). Compound 5d also demonstrated comparable potency to positive controls cisplatin and temozolomide in lung and glioblastoma cancer cell lines and was nearly as effective as mitochondrial division inhibitor‐1 (mdivi‐1). Furthermore, molecular docking analyses revealed strong binding interactions of the synthesized compounds with dynamin‐related protein‐1 (drp1). Protein–ligand stability studies and all‐atom simulation confirmed the stable binding of compound 5d with drp1. In conclusion, this study identified compound 5d as a potent drp1 inhibitor and promising anticancer drug candidate, deserving further investigation.
Synthesis and Anion Recognition of Triangular Prism Quinoline Cage with Reduced Symmetry
Authors: Gao Helei , Fan Yaxin , Wang Xiang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOrganic molecular cages with low symmetry are promising to generate complex chemical environments for molecular recognition and catalysis. Herein, a new triangular prism cage with three rigid 8‐aminoquinoline‐2‐carboxylic acid derivatives as edges were synthesized. This molecular cage possesses reduced symmetry and contains both secondary amine and amide as hydrogen donating groups for molecular recognition. It could bind anions, such as NO3−, AcO−, and F− with moderate affinity.
Novel Preparation of Two Oxidized Starch Formulations for Removal of Cr (VI) Ions From an Aqueous Solution
Authors: Qin Xuesheng , Wang Chengzheng , Zhang Zhe , Ma Wei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) has attracted much attention because it is a harmful pollutant. In this study, acid hydrolyzed hydrothermal double modified starch (AHS) and hydroperoxide oxidized starch (HOS) are prepared from natural starch and used for the reduction of chromium (VI) in aqueous systems. The effects of hydrothermal acidolysis and oxidative modification of starch on the reduction rate of Cr(VI) are discussed, including the changes of solubility, swelling power, particle size, content of straight‐chain starch, and carbonyl/carboxylic group content. The results of response surface methodology (RSM) optimization show that the influence of reaction conditions on the reduction rate of Cr(VI) by NS is as follows: reaction time > initial pH of solution > reaction temperature > starch to Cr(VI) mass ratio; and on the reduction rate of Cr(VI) by AHS and HOS is as follows: initial pH of solution > reaction time > starch to Cr(VI) mass ratio > reaction temperature.
Poromechanical approach to blast‐induced dynamic fracture in concrete
Authors: Zažirej Stanislav , Maekawa Koichi , Hosoda Akira 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study introduces a novel poromechanical approach to analyze blast‐induced dynamic fracture in concrete considering gaseous kinetics. The objective is to establish a framework for examining the fracture mechanisms during demolition. The simulation employs finite element analysis, incorporating three‐dimensional non‐orthogonal multidirectional cracks induced by gas inflation, through which the gaseous media flows too. The study investigates the principles governing crack network development and the influence of pressurized gas using a multiphase scheme and verifies its findings experimentally. It was also emphasized that benchmark blast experimental data are essential for validating the model, for practical applications in the demolition and renovation of existing structural concrete.
Whole‐body non‐forensic fetal virtopsy using postmortem magnetic resonance imaging at 7 Tesla vs classical autopsy
Authors: Staicu A. , Albu C. , Popa‐Stanila R. , Bondor C. , Chiriac L. , Eniu D. , Goidescu I. , Florian A. R. , Surcel M. , Cruciat G. , Muresan D. , Rotar I. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo determine the diagnostic accuracy of virtual autopsy using whole‐body postmortem ultra‐high field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 7 Tesla (T), using a short T2‐weighted imaging (T2‐WI) protocol, compared with classical autopsy, for detecting structural abnormalities in small second‐trimester fetuses.MethodsThirty consecutive fetuses at 13–19 weeks' gestation (weight, 17–364 g) were included following spontaneous pregnancy loss or termination of pregnancy. After fixation in 10% formaldehyde solution (48 h to 1 week), all fetuses were scanned using a two‐dimensional turbo high‐resolution T2‐WI protocol with multislice relaxation time, followed by an invasive autopsy. The diagnostic accuracy of virtual autopsy vs classical autopsy was calculated for 990 anatomical structures (30 fetuses × 33 items). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and Cohen's κ coefficient of agreement, with their 95% CIs, as well as the McNemar test, were used to evaluate the accuracy and agreement of the two diagnostic methods. Analysis was stratified by anatomical segment (nervous, pulmonary, cardiovascular, digestive, renal, facial and skeletal) and across three gestational‐age intervals (13–14, 15–16 and 17–19 weeks).ResultsConsidering classical autopsy as the gold standard, virtual autopsy had a sensitivity of 92.04% (95% CI, 85.42–96.29%) and a specificity of 97.87% (95% CI, 94.64–99.42%), with a positive predictive value of 96.30% (95% CI, 90.78–98.56%) and a negative predictive value of 95.34% (95% CI, 91.61–97.45%), achieving a diagnostic accuracy of 95.68% (95% CI, 92.73–97.68%) for detecting structural abnormalities in second‐trimester fetuses. Cohen's κ for virtual vs classical autopsy was 0.907. The diagnostic ability of virtual autopsy at 7 T for malformed fetuses was superior to that of classical autopsy for analyzing the nervous system in small fetuses with pronounced autolysis, equivalent to that of classical autopsy when analyzing pulmonary, cardiovascular and renal systems and inferior when evaluating the fetal intestines. The sensitivity of virtual autopsy at 7 T for describing structural abnormalities increased with gestational age.ConclusionVirtual fetal autopsy using 7‐T MRI and a turbo high‐resolution T2‐WI protocol with multislice relaxation time is a feasible postmortem diagnostic tool for the identification of fetal structural anomalies. © 2024 The Author(s). Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Process-integrated computerized numerical control: an analysis on process-machine coupling and feed scheduling
Authors: Elser Anja , Lechler Armin , Verl Alexander 
Published: October 2024

AbstractComputerized numerical controls (CNCs) have been invented for the automation of industrial processes. They are used, when the process to be automated is required to be exact and fast with repeatable quality. Originally, the use of CNCs was primarily focused on milling and drilling processes. Today, CNCs are utilized in a wide range of industrial processes due to the growing importance of automation. However, the integration of process information or adaptation to the needs of these processes to achieve advanced manufacturing with CNCs is difficult: Industrial CNCs are rather closed real-time machining systems. Today, process integration is possible, when the interaction between the process and the machine is decoupled in view of the bandwidth of machine dynamics and process dynamics. There are interfaces that allow for process-motivated control loops that are realized on top of the machine control loop (e.g. chatter control). Then, machine-integrated real-time control is not the focus. Besides, it is often possible to change desired values inside the control loop (position, velocity, acceleration) on an axes basis. In this case, adaptation to the process can be realized in each computation cycle. However, process dynamics and machine axes dynamics are generally treated separately. The same holds for extra actuators (e.g., in the spindle) for position control. This paper has two goals. First, it wants to create an understanding for different levels of process-machine coupling. Second, the problem of direct coupling of process dynamics and machine dynamics is focused. Machining systems design propositions as well as some examples for the coupling of process and machine dynamics in the CNC are given.
Diffusion MRI is superior to quantitative T2-FLAIR mismatch in predicting molecular subtypes of human non-enhancing gliomas
Authors: Cho Nicholas S. , Sanvito Francesco , Le Viên Lam , Oshima Sonoko , Teraishi Ashley , Yao Jingwen , Telesca Donatello , Raymond Catalina , Pope Whitney B. , Nghiemphu Phioanh L. , Lai Albert , Salamon Noriko , Cloughesy Timothy F. , Ellingson Benjamin M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study compared the classification performance of normalized apparent diffusion coefficient (nADC) with percentage T2-FLAIR mismatch-volume (%T2FM-volume) for differentiating between IDH-mutant astrocytoma (IDHm-A) and other glioma molecular subtypes.

Methods
A total of 105 non-enhancing gliomas were studied. T2-FLAIR digital subtraction maps were used to identify T2FM and T2-FLAIR non-mismatch (T2FNM) subregions within tumor volumes of interest (VOIs). Median nADC from the whole tumor, T2FM, and T2NFM subregions and %T2FM-volume were obtained. IDHm-A classification analyses using receiver-operating characteristic curves and multiple logistic regression were performed in addition to exploratory survival analyses.

Results
T2FM subregions had significantly higher nADC than T2FNM subregions within IDHm-A with ≥ 25% T2FM-volume (P < 0.0001). IDHm-A with ≥ 25% T2FM-volume demonstrated significantly higher whole tumor nADC compared to IDHm-A with < 25% T2FM-volume (P < 0.0001), and both IDHm-A subgroups demonstrated significantly higher nADC compared to IDH-mutant oligodendroglioma and IDH-wild-type gliomas (P < 0.05). For classification of IDHm-A vs. other gliomas, the area under curve (AUC) of nADC was significantly greater compared to the AUC of %T2FM-volume (P = 0.01, nADC AUC = 0.848, %T2FM-volume AUC = 0.714) along with greater sensitivity. In exploratory survival analyses within IDHm-A, %T2FM-volume was not associated with overall survival (P = 0.2), but there were non-significant trends for nADC (P = 0.07) and tumor volume (P = 0.051).

Conclusion
T2-FLAIR subtraction maps are useful for characterizing IDHm-A imaging characteristics. nADC outperforms %T2FM-volume for classifying IDHm-A amongst non-enhancing gliomas with preserved high specificity and increased sensitivity, which may be related to inherent diffusivity differences regardless of T2FM. In line with previous findings on visual T2FM-sign, quantitative %T2FM-volume may not be prognostic.
Pharmacokinetic analysis and simplified uptake measures for tumour lesion [18F]F-AraG PET imaging in patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wijngaarden Jessica E. , Slebe Maarten , Pouw Johanna E. E. , Oprea-Lager Daniela E. , Schuit Robert C. , Dickhoff Chris , Levi Jelena , Windhorst Albert D. , Oordt C. Willemien Menke-van der Houven v , Thiele Andrea , Bahce Idris , Boellaard Ronald , Yaqub Maqsood 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The novel positron emission tomography (PET) imaging tracer, [18F]F-AraG, targets activated T-cells, offering a potential means to improve our understanding of immune-oncological processes. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal pharmacokinetic model to quantify tumour lesion [18F]F-AraG uptake in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to validate simplified measures at different time intervals against the pharmacokinetic uptake parameter.

Methods
Ten patients with early-stage NSCLC and three patients with advanced NSCLC underwent a dynamic PET scan of minimal 60 min. Venous and/or arterial blood sampling was obtained at maximum seven time points. Tumour lesion time activity curves and metabolite-corrected input functions were analysed using single-tissue reversible (1T2k), two-tissue irreversible (2T3k) and two-tissue reversible (2T4k) plasma input models. Simplified uptake measures, such as standardised uptake value (SUV) and tumour-to-blood (TBR) or tumour-to-plasma ratio (TPR), were evaluated for different time intervals.

Results
Whole-blood and plasma radioactivity concentrations showed rapid clearance of [18F]F-AraG. Metabolite analysis revealed a low rate of metabolism, at 70 min p.i., on average, 79% (SD = 9.8%) of the total radioactivity found in blood corresponded to intact [18F]F-AraG. The time activity curves were best fitted by the 2T3k model. Strong positive correlations were found for SUV (body weight (BW), lean body mass (LBM) or body surface area (BSA) corrected), TBR and TPR for any time interval between 20 and 70 min p.i. against the 2T3k-derived K

i
. The correlation of TBR at 60–70 min p.i. with 2T3K-derived K

i
(r (df = 20) = 0.87, p < 0.01), was stronger than for SUVBW (r (df = 20) = 0.80, p < 0.01).

Conclusion
Tumour lesion [18F]F-AraG uptake in patients with NSCLC is characterised by a 2T3k model. TBR and TPR show most potential for simplified quantification of tumour lesion [18F]F-AraG uptake in patients with NSCLC.
Nanocrystalization effects on the structural, electrical and thermoelectric properties of 10KNbO3-10Fe2O3-50B2O3-30V2O5 glass for non-volatile electronic-memory devices
Authors: El-Desoky M. M. , Harby Amany E. , Hannora Ahmed E. , Ali A. M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe composition: 10KNbO3-10Fe2O3-50B2O3-30V2O5 (in mol%) is produced using the conventional melt quenching method and their corresponding glass–ceramic nanocomposites were studied. The structural properties of the as-quenched sample and its heat-treated samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis. Density (ρ) was found to decrease with increasing average nanocrystallite size as the molar volume increases. Studies on thermoelectric power have been carried out. The glass–ceramic nanocomposite after 2 h of heating exhibits significant improvement of electrical conductivity. The activation energy (W), polaron radius (rp) and other parameters have been estimated in the non-adiabatic region. The current–voltage (I–V) curve of each sample was measured. A temporal analysis of current & voltage in nonlinear I–V curves show pinched hysteresis loop, which is the memristor’s fingerprint. The glass–ceramic nanocomposite after 2 h of heating exhibits a large switching window. The results of the study enable us to predict that they will be helpful for future applications of non-volatile electronic-memory devices.
Pioneering new paths: the role of generative modelling in neurological disease research
Authors: Seiler Moritz , Ritter Kerstin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRecently, deep generative modelling has become an increasingly powerful tool with seminal work in a myriad of disciplines. This powerful modelling approach is supposed to not only have the potential to solve current problems in the medical field but also to enable personalised precision medicine and revolutionise healthcare through applications such as digital twins of patients. Here, the core concepts of generative modelling and popular modelling approaches are first introduced to consider the potential based on methodological concepts for the generation of synthetic data and the ability to learn a representation of observed data. These potentials will be reviewed using current applications in neuroimaging for data synthesis and disease decomposition in Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis. Finally, challenges for further research and applications will be discussed, including computational and data requirements, model evaluation, and potential privacy risks.
TTF-1 is a highly sensitive but not fully specific marker for pulmonary and thyroidal cancer: a tissue microarray study evaluating more than 17,000 tumors from 152 different tumor entities
Authors: Möller Katharina , Gulzar Tayyaba , Lennartz Maximilian , Viehweger Florian , Kluth Martina , Hube-Magg Claudia , Bernreuther Christian , Bawahab Ahmed Abdulwahab , Simon Ronald , Clauditz Till S. , Sauter Guido , Schlichter Ria , Hinsch Andrea , Kind Simon , Jacobsen Frank , Burandt Eike , Frost Nikolaj , Reck Martin , Marx Andreas H. , Krech Till , Lebok Patrick , Fraune Christoph , Steurer Stefan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1) immunohistochemistry (IHC) is routinely used for the distinction of primary pulmonary adenocarcinomas. However, TTF-1 can also occur in other malignancies. A tissue microarray containing 17,772 samples from 152 different tumor types was analyzed. Napsin-A, CK20, SATB2, FABP1, and Villin-1 IHC data were available from previous studies. TTF-1 staining was seen in 82 of 152 tumor categories including thyroidal cancers (19–100%), adenocarcinomas (94%), neuroendocrine tumors (67%) of the lung, small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (71–80%), mesenchymal tumors (up to 42%), and thymomas (39%). Comparative analysis of TTF-1 and Napsin-A revealed a sensitivity/specificity of 94%/86% (TTF-1), 87%/98% (Napsin-A), and 85%/99.1% (TTF-1 and Napsin-A) for the distinction of pulmonary adenocarcinomas. Combined analysis of TTF-1 and enteric markers revealed a positivity for TTF-1 and at least one enteric marker in 22% of pulmonary adenocarcinomas but also a TTF-1 positivity in 6% of colorectal, 2% of pancreatic, and 3% of gastric adenocarcinomas. TTF-1 is a marker of high sensitivity but insufficient specificity for pulmonary adenocarcinomas. A small fraction of TTF-1-positive gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas represents a pitfall mimicking enteric-type pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Combined analysis of TTF-1 and Napsin-A improves the specificity of pulmonary adenocarcinoma diagnosis.
Extracorporeal pediatric renal replacement therapy: diversifying application beyond kidney failure
Authors: Chanchlani Rahul , Askenazi David , Bayrakci Benan , Deep Akash , Morgan Jolyn , Neumayr Tara M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe utilization of extracorporeal renal replacement therapy (RRT), including continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and hemodialysis (HD), beyond the treatment of volume overload and acute kidney injury (AKI) has witnessed a significant shift, demonstrating the potential to improve patient outcomes for a range of diseases. This comprehensive review explores the non-kidney applications for RRT platforms in critically ill children, focusing on diverse clinical scenarios such as sepsis, inborn errors of metabolism, liver failure, drug overdose, tumor lysis syndrome, and rhabdomyolysis. In the context of sepsis and septic shock, RRT not only facilitates fluid, electrolyte, and acid/base homeostasis, but may offer benefits in cytokine regulation, endotoxin clearance, and immunomodulation which may improve multi-organ dysfunction as well as hemodynamic challenges posed by this life-threatening condition. RRT modalities also have an important role in caring for children with inborn errors of metabolism, liver failure, and tumor lysis syndrome as they can control metabolic derangements with the efficient clearance of endogenous toxins in affected children. In cases of drug overdose, RRT is a crucial tool for rapid extracorporeal clearance of exogenous toxins, mitigating potential organ damage. The intricate interplay between liver failure and kidney function is examined, elucidating the role of RRT and plasma exchange in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance when hepatic dysfunction complicates the clinical picture. Furthermore, RRT and HD are explored in the context of rhabdomyolysis, highlighting their utility in addressing AKI secondary to traumatic events and crush syndrome.
Graphical abstract