bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemistry of aza- and diazafulvenium methides in heterocyclic synthesis
Authors: Pinho e Melo Teresa M. V. D. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Aza- and diazafulvenium methide systems are versatile building blocks for the synthesis of pyrroles and pyrazoles. These extended dipoles participate in sigmatropic [1,8]H shifts and 1,7-electrocyclizations giving vinyl pyrroles and pyrazoles. Under flash vacuum pyrolysis conditions these heterocycles undergo interesting rearrangements. Aza- and diazafulvenium methides can be intercepted by dipolarophiles. Derivatives with carboxylate groups at C-4 and/or C-5 act exclusively as 1,7-dipoles affording products resulting from the addition across the 1,7-positions. These 1,7-cycloadducts include chlorin and bacteriochlorin type macrocycles as well as steroidal analogues, compounds with relevance in medicinal chemistry. In contrast with this chemical behavior, 5-trifluoromethylazafulvenium methides can participate in both 1,7- and 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions. The generation and reactivity of benzodiazafulvenium methides is also discussed.
Changes in moisture content and compression strength during storage of ventilated corrugated packaging used for handling apples
Authors: Pathare Pankaj B. , Berry Tarl M. , Opara Umezuruike Linus 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of cold storage (−0.5∘C at 90% RH) on the mechanical performance of ‘MK4’ ventilated packaging used for handling pome fruit. The packages were stored over a period of 43 days. Compression strength of packages was measured by Lansmont squeezer compression testing machine on day 2, 4, 6 and 8 and then weekly over 6 weeks. The effect of storage duration on package moisture content and compression strength was also examined. Maximum compressive strength was reduced from 7351 to 3872 N after 2 days of storage. The package compressive strength decreased with an increase in moisture content. Average compression strength was observed to decrease by 618 N per one percent increase in moisture content. Pseudo first order kinetic model could satisfactorily analyse the adsorption of water by corrugated package with coefficient of determination of 0.9816 and standard error of 0.2554. Relationship between package compression strength with change in moisture during storage showed good correlation.
Nonlocal Symmetries, Explicit Solutions, and Wave Structures for the Korteweg–de Vries Equation
Authors: Ma Zheng-Yi , Fei Jin-Xi 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
From the known Lax pair of the Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation, the Lie symmetry group method is successfully applied to find exact invariant solutions for the KdV equation with nonlocal symmetries by introducing two suitable auxiliary variables. Meanwhile, based on the prolonged system, the explicit analytic interaction solutions related to the hyperbolic and Jacobi elliptic functions are derived. Figures show the physical interaction between the cnoidal waves and a solitary wave.
Self-reported Sitting Time is Associated With Decreased Mobility in Older Adults
Authors: Yen Chi-Hua , Ku Ming-Hsiang , Wang Ching-Yi 
Published: June 2016

Background and Purpose:
Prolonged sitting is associated with increased risk of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults and can lead to poor muscle function, limited balance and transfer abilities, and mobility limitations. Sitting time can be a modifiable factor in preserving independent mobility in older adults. Assessing sitting time is an important measure for preventive medicine in older populations. The purposes of this study were to examine the test-retest reliability of older adults' reported (using a recall strategy) sitting time and to determine its association with mobility limitation.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, 140 older adults aged 65 years or more from community centers were assessed for their sitting time and mobility limitation. A week later, 86 participants returned for the retest of sitting time. The test-retest reliability of the reported (recall strategy) measure of sitting time was examined by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and its association with mobility limitation was examined by logistic regression analysis adjusted for age.

Results:
The reported measure (recall strategy) of sitting time showed good test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.85). The results of logistic regression analysis indicated that sitting time was associated with mobility limitation, adjusted for age.

Discussion:
Older adults' reported (recall strategy) sitting time had good test-retest reliability (ICC(2,1) = 0.85). The reported measure (recall strategy) seems to have yielded consistent reporting. The association of prolonged sitting time with mobility limitation needs to be substantiated in a future longitudinal study to determine whether a causality relationship exists.

Conclusions:
Sitting time in older adults can be reliably measured with a reported measure (a recall strategy) over a 1-week interval. Older adults who spend more time sitting are more likely to experience mobility limitation.
Influence of Rest Interval Length Between Sets on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Variability After a Strength Training Session Performed By Prehypertensive Men
Authors: Figueiredo Tiago , Willardson Jeffrey M. , Miranda Humberto , Bentes Claudio M. , Machado Reis Victor , Freitas de Salles Belmiro , Simão Roberto 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Figueiredo, T, Willardson, JM, Miranda, H, Bentes, CM, Machado Reis, V, Freitas de Salles, B, and Simão, R. Influence of rest interval length between sets on blood pressure and heart rate variability after a strength training session performed by prehypertensive men. J Strength Cond Res 30(7): 1813–1824, 2016—The purposes of this study were to compare the effects of 2 different rest interval lengths between sets and exercises during strength training (ST) on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate variability (HRV) in prehypertensive trained men, and to verify how HRV influences BP. Eleven volunteer subjects (age: 26.1 ± 3.6 years; body mass: 74.1 ± 7.9 kg; height: 172.1 ± 4.1 cm; % body fat: 18.3 ± 6.3; ST experience: 1.7 ± 0.8 years) participated in this study. After assessing one repetition maximum (1RM) loads for the free weight bench press, lat pull-down, shoulder press, biceps curl, triceps extension, leg press, leg extension, and leg curl exercises; subjects performed 2 sessions with different rest intervals between sets and exercises in random order and 72 hours apart. Each ST session consisted of performing 3 sets of eight to 10 repetitions at 70% of a 1RM for each exercise, with either 1-minute (sequence 1 [SEQ1]) or 2-minute (sequence 2 [SEQ2]) rest intervals between sets and exercises, respectively. Before and after each session, BP and HRV (low frequency band, high frequency [HF] band, and square root of the mean squared difference of successive RR-interval index) were tracked for 60 minutes. The results demonstrated a postexercise hypotensive response (PEH) after both rest interval conditions (p ≤ 0.05). Additionally, increases in cardiac stress were noted after SEQ1, with a greater withdrawal in parasympathetic activity vs. baseline as noted in the HF band at 1-, 10-, and 20-minute postexercise (p ≤ 0.05). These results indicate that both sequences provided an effective stimulus for a PEH. Therefore, strength and conditioning professionals may prescribe 1- or 2-minute rest between sets and exercises when the goal is to reduce BP after training sessions. However, resting 1 minute between sets and exercises was associated with greater cardiac stress, and so this may necessitate prescription of longer rest intervals between sets and exercises when working with individuals who have been diagnosed with cardiovascular dysfunction.
Distinciones y comprensiones sobre biopolítica: una apuesta formativa para el campo social
Authors: Burgos Acosta Juan José 
Published: June 2016

<p class="p1"> Este artículo busca establecer comparaciones, distinciones y aplicaciones</p><p class="p1">sobre la categoría bioplítica de cara a los grandes desafíos que exige la</p><p class="p2">educación para un mundo en permanente tensión, no solo por los grandes</p><p class="p2">conflictos entre los pueblos, sino por la intervención descontrolada de los</p><p class="p2">recursos naturales que ha puesto al planeta en peligro de desaparecer. Los</p><p class="p2">sistemas educativos son escenarios importantes que pueden formar en</p><p class="p1"> nuevos valores que contemplen el cuidado y protección de la naturaleza</p><p class="p1">desde una biopolítica educativa eficiente, que garantice una convivencia</p><p class="p2">equilibrada con los demás organismos vivos desde una constante resis<span class="s1"> tencia</span></p><p class="p1">a las lógicas capitalistas globalizadas.</p>
El maestro de filosofía: al rescate de una educación filosófica en la escuela
Authors: Rico Molano Alejandra Dalila 
Published: June 2016

<p class="p1"> Esta revisión de tema, trata sobre la pérdida de relevancia de la educación</p><p class="p1">filosófica en la escuela actual, una pérdida que se evidencia en aspectos</p><p class="p1">como, el reducido tiempo para esta disciplina, lo poco importante que</p><p class="p2">el docente presenta la filosofía, el abundante tecnicismo que se le otorga</p><p class="p2">hoy en día a la educación en la escuela y la fluidez del conocimiento que</p><p class="p1"> permea a los jóvenes de esta era. Sin embargo, con toda estas problemáti<span class="s1">cas</span></p><p class="p2">que hacen de la enseñanza de la filosofía un “fantasma” en la escuela,</p><p class="p2">aparece una pieza clave que puede otorgar valor a la filosofía, es el maestro</p><p class="p2">quien se convierte en el guía de un proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje</p><p class="p2">de la filosofía, con el fin de comprender la necesidad de pensarla</p><p class="p2">y recrearla, no como un simple “cursillo” de historia o un conversatorio </p><p class="p1"> de “charlatanes”; lo que se busca es poderla pensar como una educación</p><p class="p2">filosófica, en donde se resalte el verdadero valor de este saber dentro de</p><p class="p1"> la formación de los individuos y la construcción de pensamiento crítico</p><p class="p1">que consolide ideas innovadoras y objetivas para la sociedad. Es así, que</p><p class="p2">para la construcción de la educación filosófica es importante el protagonismo</p><p class="p2">del docente en un contexto en donde se carece de un pensamiento</p><p class="p2">contemplativo, que logre llevar al estudiante a la reflexión y a preguntarse</p><p class="p1"> por las cosas en sí mismas; un maestro que debe asumir el reto de aportar</p><p class="p2">pensamiento filosófico a la escuela, que se logre rescatar el sentido del</p><p class="p2">debate y la discusión real de los conceptos filosóficos, es decir consiga</p><p class="p1"> pensar y hacer pensar la filosofía como una forma de vida, en donde se</p><p class="p2">cuestiona, critica y construye un nuevo conocimiento mediante el diálogo</p><p class="p1"> y la apuesta por educar desde la filosofía y en pro de una sociedad más</p><p class="p2">consciente de su devenir y actuar en contexto.</p>
Hermes y Sacbakal mensajeros cruzados
Authors: Morales Villegas Inírida 
Published: June 2016

<p class="p1">En este ensayo me propongo mostrar la metáfora como elemento esencial en la escritura de los pueblos indígenas renacientes, a través de la cual expresan el mundo de otra manera y diferente al enseñado en los discur<span class="s1">sos </span>de la cultura occidental. El título en sí mismo es una metáfora en la que señalo cómo Hermes el mensajero de los dioses griegos, y Sacbakal, la paloma mensajera de los mayas, encuentran tiempos y destinos cruza<span class="s2"> dos </span>por lo que sus mensajes se desencuentran prevaleciendo hasta hoy, especialmente en los círculos académicos, el discurso de la filosofía y de las ciencias en los cuales el tiempo es lineal y las construcciones se funda<span class="s1">mentan </span>en conceptos universales (o mejor universalizados por occiden<span class="s2"> te) </span>desde los cuales se escritura y se apalabra el mundo, descalificando lógicas y otras cosmovisiones, propias de los pueblos dominados por la colonización. Parto de la lectura de la obra de Lakoff y Johnson: <span class="s1">Metáforas </span>de la vida cotidiana, en la que se hace una interpretación del lenguaje me<span class="s2"> tafórico, </span>no solo como figura literaria “para el embellecimiento retórico, sino como una parte del lenguaje cotidiano que afecta el modo en que per<span class="s2">cibimos, </span>pensamos y actuamos”. Aplico los hallazgos a la interpretación de una de las obras de Jorge Miguel Cocom Pech, desde una perspectiva hermenéutica.</p>
Peran Vital Penelusuran Aset Guna Menentukan Besaran Pidana Tambahan Uang Pengganti Terhadap Koruptor
Authors: Arjaya Bagus Widipradnyana 
Published: June 2016

Abstract: The imposition of additional criminal restitution is one distinguishing feature of corruption with other criminal offenses. In practice points verdict compensation often at variance with the prosecution, because of the inability to prove liability for compensation to be paid. Moreover, when the execution court decision found the fact that the property owned by the convicted person is not sufficient for compensation. It is necessary for traceability measures assets resulting from corruption in the possession of criminals, so that the prosecution has a strong foundation, so that the judges who examine and decide the case can be assured as well as the execution of the judgment can be up to reimburse the state, without the reverse charge state with the imposition subsidiair prison active replacement. Abstrak: Pengenaan pidana tambahan uang pengganti merupakan salah satu ciri pembeda tindak pidana korupsi dengan tindak pidana lainnya. Dalam praktiknya poin putusan uang pengganti sering kali berbeda dengan tuntutan jaksa, karena tidak dapat dibuktikannya kewajiban pembayaran uang pengganti yang harus dibayarkan. Selain itu, saat melakukan eksekusi putusan pengadilan ditemukan fakta bahwa harta yang dimiliki oleh terpidana tidak mencukupi pembayaran uang pengganti. Untuk itu diperlukantindakan penelusuran aset hasil korupsi yang berada dalam penguasaan koruptor, agar tuntutan jaksa memiliki dasar yang kuat, sehingga hakim yang memeriksa dan memutus perkara dapat teryakini serta pelaksanaan eksekusi putusan dapat maksimal mengembalikan uang negara, tanpa sebaliknya membebankan negara dengan pengenaan subsidiair penjara pengganti yang aktif. DOI: 10.15408/jch.v4i1.2656
Estado actual del banco de germoplasma de pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes), Guápiles, Costa Rica.
Authors: Ríos-Reyes Luis Diego , Castillo-Hernández Elena , Fuchs-Castillo Eric J. 
Published: June 2016

<p class="Resumen">El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el estado actual del banco de germoplasma de pejibaye en la Estación Experimental Los Diamantes (BGPLD). Se cuantificaron las accesiones perdidas y se obtuvo la información faltante en las boletas pasaporte para las accesiones sobrevivientes. Los datos de pasaporte se obtuvieron en parte del diario elaborado por Jorge Mora Urpí, fundador del BGPLD en el año 1972. Para aquellas accesiones sin datos se utilizaron fuentes bibliográficas para complementar la información. Se realizó un censo en el año 2013 para determinar la cantidad de palmeras en pie. El banco estaba originalmente compuesto por 7286 palmeras representando 837 accesiones de nueve países. Se identificaron 1471 individuos pertenecientes al grupo occidental y 1271 al grupo oriental. Actualmente solo sobreviven 805 individuos (11,1%). Se observó una menor mortalidad en las palmeras del grupo occidental (62,2 ± 41,5%) que en el grupo oriental (81,5 ± 19,6%). El BGPLD se encuentra en un estado crítico de deterioro. Se deben llevar a cabo políticas concretas y urgentes para rescatar este importante recurso fitogenético.</p><div> </div>
Ácidos grasos, fermentación ruminal y producción de metano, de forrajes de silvopasturas intensivas con Leucaena.
Authors: Prieto-Manrique Esperanza , Vargas-Sánchez Julio Ernesto , Angulo-Arizala Joaquín , Mahecha-Ledesma Liliana 
Published: June 2016

<p><span>El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar el efecto de los forrajes sobre los ácidos grasos de cadena larga, fermentación ruminal y producción de metano de un sistema silvopastoril intensivo de </span><em>Leucaena leucocephala</em><span>. La investigación se desarrolló en el laboratorio NUTRILAB–GRICA, perteneciente a la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, de la Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín–Colombia, en julio del 2013. Se utilizó la técnica de producción de gas </span><em>in vitro</em><span>, utilizando como sustrato de fermentación las gramíneas (</span><em>C. plectostachyus</em><span> y/o </span><em>M. maximus</em><span> cv. Tanzania) y leucaena (</span><em>L. leucocephala</em><span>), solas o en sus combinaciones, con una relación forraje:concentrado 70:30 y gramínea: leucaena 56:14, para un total de siete tratamientos. No se encontró efecto de los forrajes (p&gt;0,05), sobre el contenido de ácido linoleico conjugado (ALC, C18:2 c9t11) o ruménico en la digesta. La inclusión de 14% de leucaena aumentó el contenido de ácido linoleico (C18:2 c9, 12) y linolénico (C18:3 c9, 12, 15) en el alimento y de transvaccénico (ATV, C18:1 t11), esteárico (C18:0), linoleico y linolénico en la digesta (p&lt;0,05), y no afectó la cinética de fermentación, digestibilidad de la materia seca (MS), pH, total y proporción de ácidos grasos volátiles, ni redujo la producción de metano. Las gramíneas, </span><em>C. plectostachyus</em><span> y </span><em>M. maximus</em><span>, se comportaron similar en las variables evaluadas (p&gt;0,05). Los sistemas silvopastoriles pueden ser una opción para aumentar los ácidos grasos benéficos en la leche.</span></p>
Aplicación de biorreguladores para la macro-propagación del banano cv. Williams en cámara térmica.
Authors: Cedeño-García Galo , Soplín-Villacorta Hugo , Helfgott-Lerner Salomón , Cedeño-García George , Sotomayor-Herrera Ignacio 
Published: June 2016

<p><span>El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la respuesta prolífica de cormos de banano cv. Williams a la aplicación de 6-bencilaminopurina (6-BAP) y un bioestimulante a base de extracto de algas, en condiciones de cámara térmica. En la granja experimental “La Teodomira” de la Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Ecuador, se realizó una investigación desde noviembre del 2013 a abril del 2014. Los tratamientos fueron 6-bencilaminopurina (6-BAP) en concentraciones de 0, 20, 40 y 80 mg/l, y un bioestimulante a base de extractos de algas en dosis de 0, 20, 40 y 80 ml/cormo. La bencilaminopurina fue aplicada en el cormo, y el bioestimulante fue aplicado en </span><span class="char-style-override-4">drench</span><span>. El diseño utilizado fue bloques completos al azar con tratamiento factorial A x B, donde los factores fueron 6-BAP y el bioestimulante, los tratamientos, fueron replicados cuatro veces, para un total de 64 unidades experimentales. Se detectaron diferencias significativas (p≤0,0001) para el factor 6-BAP, donde la mayor tasa de multiplicación fue alcanzada con la concentración de 40 mg/l con 47,28 plántulas/cormo. No hubo diferencias significativas (p≥0,9167) para el bioestimulante, ni para la interacción 6-BAP x bioestimulante (p≥0,3789). Se evidenció la formación de tejido calloso a partir de los brotes de primera generación (R1). Con la concentración de 80 mg/l de 6-BAP, se observó la presencia de plántulas anormales, en mayor proporción en las que provenían de tejido callo</span></p>
Sylvia Plath e o Impossível no Holocausto
Authors: Carvalho Ana Cecilia 
Published: June 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é focalizar o uso da metáfora do Holocausto na poesia de Sylvia Plath (1932-1962), a fim de examinar tanto as funções quanto os limites da criação literária. Levando em consideração a poética autobiográfica e o suicídio da escritora norte-americana, estarão no horizonte a leitura e a análise dos poemas “Daddy”, “Lady Lazarus”, “Words” e “Edge”.
Inhibitory Effects of Eight Green Tea Catechins on Cytochrome P450 1A2, 2C9, 2D6, and 3A4 Activities
Authors: Satoh Takashi , Fujisawa Haruka , Nakamura Ami , Takahashi Natsuko , Watanabe Kazuhiro 
Published: June 2016

PURPOSE: Green tea is a traditional beverage that has been enjoyed by the Japanese to this day. Recently, there has been an increase in the consumption of green tea beverage having high concentrations of catechins, such as (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG). Many people tend to ingest large amounts of catechins through the frequent consumption of green tea beverage, and this dietary habit may lead to unwanted interactions between the catechins in green tea and medicinal drug. METHODS: The inhibitory effects of eight green tea catechins on drug metabolizing enzymes, cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2, 2C9, 2D6, and 3A4, were investigated in human liver microsomes. Incubation was initiated by the addition of cocktail probe drugs that served as specific substrates for each CYP, and the resulting metabolites were analyzed by LC-MS. RESULTS: From a comparison of the fifty percent inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of the eight green tea catechins, it was found that non-gallated catechins did not inhibit CYPs, whereas gallated catechins inhibited all CYPs except CYP2D6. Among them, CYP2C9 was most strongly inhibited by (-)-catechin-3-O-gallate (CG) (7.60 µM), and CYP1A2 was most strongly inhibited by EGCG (8.93 µM). Catechin gallate exhibited non-competitive inhibition of CYP2C9, and its Ki value was 9.76 ± 0.47µM. The present study is the first to report the inhibitory effect of CG on CYP2C9. In contrast, EGCG showed competitive inhibition of CYP1A2, and its Ki value was 14.3 ± 0.09 µM. CONCLUSION: Previous reports had predicted that plasma EGCG concentration reached 7.4 µM after ingesting green tea having high concentrations of catechins. That concentration of EGCG is equivalent to one-half to one-third of its Ki value for CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 in this study. The ingestion of beverages containing large amounts of green tea catechins together with drugs that are metabolized by CYP1A2, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4 should be avoided. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
Country-specific determinants of horizontal and vertical intra-industry agri-food trade: the case of Bulgaria and Romania
Authors: Jámbor Attila 
Published: June 2016

The article analyses patterns and country-specific determinants of agri-food trade of Bulgaria and Romania with the European Union. As literature focusing on agricultural aspects of the topic is limited, the paper seeks to contribute to the literature by providing up to date results and suggestions as well as by identifying the determinants of horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade of the Bulgaria and Romania after EU accession. Results suggest that intra-industry agri-food trade is mainly of vertical nature, referring to trade of different quality products. Results verify that determinants of horizontal and vertical IIT are similar and suggest that economic size and FDI are positively, while factor endowments and distance are negatively related to both sides of IIT. Results are mainly in line with the majority of empirical literature in the field.
JEL code: Empirical Studies of Trade – F14